bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF KART NOISE SPREAD INTO THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT / GOKARTŲ KELIAMO TRIUKŠMO SKLAIDOS Į GYVENAMĄJĄ APLINKĄ TYRIMAI IR VERTINIMAS
Authors: Juozaponis Giedrius , Grubliauskas Raimondas
Published: October 2014

The paper examines kart noise propagation in the living environment and sought measures for suppressing it. To conduct experimental studies, precision sound level analyzer Bruel & Kjaer 2260th has been used. In cooperation with the Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service, data on relative humidity, wind speed and direction, soil surface temperature and air temperature have been applied. According to the Lithuanian Hygiene Standard HN 33:2011 Noise Thresholds in Residential and Public Buildings and Their Environment, the areas with an elevated noise level are identified thus selecting noise reduction measures aimed at reducing noise levels up to the permitted ones. The analysis of the obtained results has focused on the regularities between noise propagation and meteorological events and their impact on the spread of noise. The environmental factors more or less influencing the climate and noise spread in the living area have been determined. With reference to the received information, the ways to reduce noise have been suggested.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas gokartų keliamo triukšmo sklidimas į gyvenamąją aplinką ir ieškoma priemonių jam slopinti. Eksperimentiniams tyrimams atlikti buvo naudojamas precizinis garso lygio analizatorius „Bruel&Kjaer 2260“. Bendradarbiaujant su Lietuvos hidrometeorologijos tarnyba panaudoti santykinės oro drėgmės, vėjo stiprumo ir krypties, dirvožemio paviršiaus temperatūros bei oro temperatūros duomenys. Vadovaujantis Lietuvos higienos normomis HN 33:2011 „Triukšmo ribiniai dydžiai gyvenamuosiuose ir visuomeninės paskirties pastatuose bei jų aplinkoje“ nustatomos zonos, kuriose triukšmo lygis yra viršijamas, ir parenkant triukšmo mažinimo priemones siekiama triukšmą sumažinti iki leidžiamųjų normų. Gautų rezultatų analizės metu ieškoma dėsningumų tarp triukšmo sklidimo ir meteorologinių reiškinių bei jų daroma įtaka triukšmo plitimui. Nustatomi aplinkos klimato veiksniai, darantys įtaką ar mažiau veikiantys triukšmo sklaidą gyvenamojoje teritorijoje. Atsižvelgiant į gautus rezultatus siūlomi triukšmo mažinimo būdai.
BIODEGRADATION OF CATTLE HORN SHAVINGS IN SOIL AND ITS EFFECT ON THE AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL / GALVIJŲ RAGŲ DROŽLIŲ BIODEGRADACIJA DIRVOŽEMYJE IR JOS ĮTAKA AGROCHEMINĖMS DIRVOŽEMIO SAVYBĖMS
Authors: Mažuolytė-Miškinė Edita , Grigalavičienė Ilona , Gražulevičienė Violeta
Published: October 2014

The article presents investigation into the rate of the biodegradation of cattle horn shavings used as plant fertilisers in soil and describes their effect on the agrochemical properties of soil. Research was carried out under field and laboratory conditions. The field experiment was conducted on the farm of organic production at the Centre of Agroecology of Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania in May – August of 2012. The average air temperature during the experiment was 16.45 °C. Soil pH, specific electrical conductivity value and organic matter content in soil samples were measured. The extent of the biodegradation of cattle horn shavings in soil and in the thermostat under laboratory conditions at the temperatures of 5 °C and 20 °C and at 40% soil moisture was compared. The obtained results indicate that mass changes in cattle horn shavings in the process of biodegradation under field and laboratory conditions (at an ambient temperature of 5 °C and 20 °C) are similar: after 120 days, the mass of horn shavings decreased by 37.3%, 36.2%, and 34.5% respectively. The largest changes in soil pH and organic matter content were observed during the first 60 days. During the biodegradation of horn shavings under field conditions after 40 days, organic matter content in soil increased from 2.53 to 3.20% and soil pH decreased from 8.0 to 7.1. Smaller changes were observed under laboratory conditions. Ištirta augalams tręšti naudojamų galvijų ragų drožlių suirimo sparta dirvožemyje ir jų įtaka dirvožemio savybėms. Bandymai atlikti lauko (natūraliomis gamtinėmis) ir laboratorinėmis sąlygomis. Lauko eksperimentas vykdytas 2012 m. gegužės–rugpjūčio mėnesiais Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto Agroekologijos centro ekologinės gamybos ūkyje. Vidutinė oro temperatūra bandymų laikotarpiu buvo 16,45 °C. Laboratorinio eksperimento metu buvo nustatomas ragų drožlių suirimo greitis dirvožemyje esant 5 ir 20 °C aplinkos temperatūrai ir 40 % dirvožemio drėgniui. Atlikti dirvožemio pH, savitojo elektrinio laidžio ir organinės medžiagos kiekio dirvožemyje tyrimai. Nustatyta, kad ragų drožlių masės pokyčiai biodegraduojant drožlėms lauko sąlygomis ir laboratorinėmis sąlygomis, esant 5 ir 20 °C aplinkos temperatūrai, yra panašūs: ragų drožlių masė po 120 parų sumažėjo atitinkamai 37,3 %, 36,2 %, ir 34,5 %. Didžiausi dirvožemio pH ir organinės medžiagos kiekio pokyčiai vyko per pirmąsias 60 parų. Ragų drožlėms biodegraduojant lauko sąlygomis organinės medžiagos kiekis dirvožemyje šiuo laikotarpiu padidėjo nuo 2,53 ik 3,20 %, o dirvožemio pH sumažėjo nuo 8,0 iki 7,1. Atliekant bandymus laboratorinėmis sąlygomis šie pokyčiai buvo mažesni.
RESEARCH INTO THE CLEANING EFFICIENCY OF 300 M3/H MAINTAINED BY THE SPIRAL MULTI-CHANNEL CYCLONE IN THE PROCESS OF REMOVING SOLID PARTICLES OF <20 ΜM / 300 M3/H NAŠUMO SPIRALINIO DAUGIAKANALIO CIKLONO VALYMO EFEKTYVUMO TYRIMAS, ŠALINANT < 20 ΜM KIETĄSIAS
Authors: Baltrėnas Pranas , Platova Diana
Published: October 2014

Tests on the cleaning efficiency of an experimental spiral cyclone have been conducted to determine the removal efficiency of the solid particles the dispersion of which makes <20 µm in the streamlined multi-channel cyclone. The introduced device is adapted to removing ultrafine particulate matter from contaminated air (gas) flow. A multi-channel cyclone with spiral casing has been designed at the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. Experimental studies have disclosed that air (gas) flow cleaning efficiency of the spiral multi-cyclone (capacity 300 m3) depend on the internal structure of the device, i.e. on the number of channels and air (gas) flow distribution ratio of transit and peripheral channels. Also, the treatment efficiency of the applied equipment has been evaluated removing solid particles of different nature. AFA-VP-20 filters have been employed for conducting experimental tests. The obtained results have disclosed that solid granite particles – 95.1%, glass – 91.4% and wood – 92.2% are removed most effectively.
Eksperimentiniai spiralinio ciklono valymo efektyvumo tyrimai atliekami siekiant nustatyti kietųjų dalelių, kurių dispersija x < 20 μm, pašalinimo efektyvumą patobulintame daugiakanaliame ciklone. Minėtas įrenginys pritaikytas itin smulkioms kietosioms dalelėms iš užteršto oro (dujų) srauto pašalinti. Daugiakanalis ciklonas, turintis spiralinį korpusą, sukurtas Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universiteto (VGTU) Aplinkos apsaugos katedroje (AAK). Eksperimentinių tyrimų metu nustatytas spiralinio daugiakanalio ciklono (našumas 300 m3/h) oro (dujų) srauto valymo efektyvumas priklausomai nuo vidinės įrenginio konstrukcijos, t. y. nuo kanalų skaičiaus ir oro (dujų) srauto pasiskirstymo į tranzitinį ir periferinį kanalus santykio. Taip pat įvertintas įrenginio valymo efektyvumas, šalinant skirtingos prigimties kietąsias daleles. Eksperimentiniams bandymams atlikti naudoti AFA-VP-20 filtrai. Remiantis bandymų rezultatais, nustatyta, kad efektyviausiai šalinamos granito kietosios dalelės – 95,1 %, stiklas – 91,4 %, mediena – 92,2 %.
CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION IN THE SOIL POLLUTED WITH BISHOPHIT USED IN WINTER AND ITS EFFECT ON HERBACEOUS PLANTS / CHLORIDŲ KONCENTRACIJA DIRVOŽEMYJE, UŽTERŠTAME ŽIEMOS METU NAUDOJAMU BIŠOFITU, IR POVEIKIS ŽOLINIAMS AUGALAMS
Authors: Strėlkutė Asta , Bradulienė Jolita
Published: October 2014

For road maintenance in winter, various chemical reagents, considering their physical and chemical properties, are chosen taking into account economic indicators. After a long winter season, large amounts of chemical reagents are used. During the winter season, dusting chlorides, first of all, fall on the roadway and a part of those reach roadsides where directly pollute the soil of the buffer zone and affect vegetation during the growing season. Chloride content in soil reduces the absorption of nutrients, which hinders the development of plants. It also has an effect on the metabolism of soil organisms, and therefore the loss of soil fertility. Due to high chloride content, land becomes unsuitable for plant growth. Studies used different concentrations (9 ml, 12 ml and 46 ml) of bishophit. Chloride concentration in soil extract has been determined applying the volumetric method and employing silver nitrate titration. It has been determined that the amount of chloride in the soil contaminated with 9 ml makes 89.21 mg/kg, 12 ml – 94, 25 mg/kg and 164.32 mg/kg. Kelių priežiūrai žiemą naudojami įvairūs cheminiai reagentai, kurie parenkami atsižvelgiant į ekonominius rodiklius, svarbios yra jų fizinės bei cheminės savybės. Esant ilgam ir snieguotam žiemos sezonui, naudojami dideli kiekiai cheminių reagentų, kurie, atšilus orams, pasklinda aplinkoje ir daro neigiamą įtaką. Žiemą barstomi chloridai pirmiausia patenka ant važiuojamosios kelio dalies, dalis chloridų patenka ant kelkraščių, kur tiesiogiai teršia pakelėse esantį apsauginės zonos dirvožemį bei vegetacijos periodo augaliją. Chloridų kaupimasis dirvožemyje – viena svarbiausių ekosistemoms kylančių fiziologinių grėsmių. Chloridų kiekis dirvožemyje sumažina maistingųjų medžiagų pasisavinimą ir tai trukdo vystytis augalams. Taip pat tai turi poveikį dirvožemio organizmų medžiagų apykaitai, ir dėl to mažėja dirvožemio derlingumas. Dėl didelio chloridų kiekio žemė tampa netinkama augalams augti. Tyrimams naudojama skirtingų koncentracijų (9 ml, 12 ml, 46 ml) bišofitas. Chloridų koncentracija dirvožemio ekstrakte nustatoma tūriniu metodu, titruoti naudojant sidabro nitratą. Nustatyta, kad chloridų kiekis 9 ml užterštame dirvožemyje yra 8,388 mg/kg, 12 ml – 10,197 mg/kg, 28,19 mg/kg.
INSULATION EXPEDIENCE OF THE EXTERNAL ENVELOPES OF THE BUILDING IN TERMS OF 2E CRITERIA / PASTATO IŠORINIŲ ATITVARŲ APŠILTINIMO TIKSLINGUMAS 2E RODIKLIŲ POŽIŪRIU
Authors: Kijevičius Mantas , Valančius Kęstutis
Published: October 2014

The paper analyses the insulation expediency of the external envelopes of the building with reference to 2E (energy – primary energy consumption and environmental – CO2 emissions) criteria and presents an overview of thermal insulation and studies on other structural elements based on life cycle analysis. The object of research is a typical residential building. The article determines different insulation materials of external envelopes, primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions by insulating walls from F to B and from B to A ++ class. Graphical interpretation shows primary energy, CO2 and the payback period of 60 years. Also, the paper considers primary energy and CO2 emissions distributed at various life cycle stages.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas pastato išorinių atitvarų apšiltinimo tikslingumas 2E (energiniu ­– pirminės energijos sąnaudų ir ekologiniu – CO2 – išmetalų) kriterijų požiūriu. Apžvelgti teoriniai darbai, kuriuose statybinės medžiagos nagrinėjamos pirminės energijos ir poveikio aplinkai vertinimo (PAV) požiūriu. Tyrimo objektu pasirinktas gyvenamosios paskirties pastatas. Nagrinėjamos skirtingos išorinių atitvarų termoizoliacinės medžiagos, nustatomi pirminės energijos kiekiai ir CO2 išmetalai apšiltinant atitvaras nuo F iki B ir nuo B iki A++ pastato energinės klasės. Vertinama pagal gyvavimo ciklo analizės metodiką. Pateikiama grafinė interpretacija, rodanti sutaupytos pirminės energijos ir CO2 kiekius per 60 metų laikotarpį, identifikuojamos energetiškai ir ekologiškai priimtiniausios termoizoliacinės medžiagos pastatams apšiltinti.
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY DEMAND FOR LOW-ENERGY MULTI-DWELLING BUILDINGS OF DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION / SKIRTINGOS KONFIGŪRACIJOS MAŽAENERGIŲ DAUGIABUČIŲ PASTATŲ ENERGIJOS POREIKIŲ TYRIMAS
Authors: Streckienė Giedrė , Polonis Elena
Published: October 2014

To meet the goals established by Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the energy performance of buildings, the topics of energy efficiency in new and old buildings must be solved. Research and development of new energy solutions and technology are necessary for increasing energy performance of buildings. Three low-energy multi-dwelling buildings have been modelled and analyzed in the presented study. All multi-dwelling houses are made of similar single-family house cells. However, multi-dwelling buildings are of different geometry, flat number and height. DesignBuilder software was used for simulating and determining heating, cooling and electricity demand for buildings. Three different materials (silicate, ceramic and clay concrete blocks) as bearing constructions of external walls have been analyzed. To decrease cooling demand for buildings, the possibility of mounting internal or external louvers has been considered. Primary energy savings for multi-dwelling buildings using passive solar measures have been determined.
Norint pasiekti Europos Sąjungos direktyvos 2010/31/EB tikslus dėl pastatų energinio naudingumo, reikia spręsti energijos efektyvumo klausimus naujų ir esamų pastatų srityje. Naujų energinių sprendinių ir technologijų tyrimai bei plėtra būtini norint padidinti pastatų energinį naudingumą. Šiame tyrime modeliuojami ir analizuojami trys mažaenergiai daugiabučiai pastatai. Visi jie sudaryti iš vienodo dydžio butų, tačiau pastatai tarpusavyje skiriasi geometrija, butų skaičiumi ir aukštingumu. Siekiant nustatyti ir išnagrinėti pastatų šilumos, vėsos ir elektros energijos poreikius, naudotasi DesignBuilder programa. Visų daugiabučių pastatų atvejais nagrinėjamos trys skirtingos išorės sienų laikančiųjų konstrukcijų medžiagos: silikatiniai, keraminiai ir keramzitbetonio blokeliai. Siekiant sumažinti vėsos poreikį pastatuose taip pat buvo analizuojama galimybė sumontuoti vidines arba išorines žaliuzes. Nustatyti sutaupytieji pirminės energijos kiekiai daugiabučių pastatų atvejams taikant pasyviąsias apsaugos nuo saulės priemones.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF SUSTAINALBITY CRITERIA ON THE EVALUATION OF BUILDING RENOVATION / PASTATŲ ATNAUJINIMO DARNAUS VERTINIMO KRITERIJŲ ĮTAKOS ANALIZĖ
Authors: Mikučionienė Rūta , Rogoža Artur , Martinaitis Vytautas
Published: October 2014

The criterion for general sustainability is formed on the basis of a concept of sustainable development regarding the evaluation of energy efficiency measures for building refurbishment. The criterion for general sustainability consists of five criteria: energy efficiency, environmental impact, economical rationality, comfort and life cycle duration. Multi-criteria analysis has been performed normalizing the values of the criteria applying the SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) method. The analysis of the influence of separate criteria forming the criterion for general sustainability has been performed presenting five scenarios in each of which four criteria have formed general sustainability criteria. The results of the conducted analysis have showed that all five criteria set in the basic scenario are equally important when targeted at evaluating energy efficiency measures in a versatile and objective manner.
Remiantis darnaus vystymosi koncepcija sudarytas bendrasis darnumo kriterijus pastatų atnaujinimo priemonėms vertinti. Bendrąjį darnumo kriterijų sudaro penki kriterijai: energinis efektyvumas, poveikis aplinkai, ekonominis racionalumas, komfortas ir gyvavimo ciklo trukmė. Daugiakriterė analizė atlikta kriterijų reikšmes normalizuojant SAW (angl. Simple Additive Weighting) metodu. Atskirų kriterijų, sudarančių bendrąjį darnumo kriterijų, įtakos analizė atlikta penkiais scenarijais, kurių kiekviename BDK sudarė tik keturi kriterijai. Atlikta analizė parodė, kad visi penki bazinio varianto kriterijai yra vienodai svarbūs norint priemones įvertinti visapusiškai ir objektyviai.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF A SMALL ADSORPTION COOLING DEVICE PRODUCING UP TO 8 KW / ADSORBCINIO IKI 8 KW VĖSOS GALIOS ĮRENGINIO EKSPERIMENTINIS EFEKTYVUMO TYRIMAS
Authors: Bielskus Juozas , Šiupšinskas Giedrius , Čiuprinskas Kęstutis
Published: October 2014

The analysis of scientific literature shows that the actual efficiency of the adsorption cooling device has not been properly examined. This article presents experimental study on energy efficiency of the adsorption cooling device (max capacity 8 kW) produced at the Laboratory of Building Energy and Microclimate Systems of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. The study has focused on the measurement of the actual temperatures and flow rate of a heating source, chilled water, a supply of cooled water to the chiller, electricity consumption for circulation pumps and chiller fans. The article presents collected statistical data and shows the dependency of chilled water and heat source temperatures evaluating the coefficients of performance (COP) and electrical efficiency (EER). The received results show higher electrical efficiency of the examined device than that of a conventional compressor system.
Mokslinės literatūros analizė parodė, kad realiai veikiančių įrenginių faktinis efektyvumas nėra gerai žinomas, ypač įrengus šaltojo klimato zonos šalyse. Todėl šiame darbe atliekamas eksperimentinis VGTU Pastato energetinių ir mikroklimato sistemų laboratorijoje (PEMS) įrengto SORTECH AG gamintojo ACS 08 adsorbcinio (maksimali vėsinimo galia – 8 kW) įrenginio efektyvumo tyrimas. Matuojamos faktinės šilumnešio, atšaldomo vandens, tiekiamo į aušyklę, aušinimo skysčio temperatūros su debitais bei aušyklės ir cirkuliacinių siurblių elektros sąnaudos. Atliekama sukauptų duomenų statistinė analizė ir pateikiama atšaldomo vandens bei šilumnešio temperatūrų priklausomybė, vertinant energijos transformavimo COP bei elektrinį (EER) tiriamojo įrenginio koeficientus. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo didesnį nei tradicinės kompresorinės sistemos tiriamojo įrenginio elektrinį efektyvumą.
THE IMPACT OF THE SUPPLIED AIRFLOW RATE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SOLAR WALL / TIEKIAMO ORO DEBITO ĮTAKA SAULĖS SIENOS EFEKTYVUMUI
Authors: Misevičiūtė Violeta , Rudzinskas Lukas
Published: October 2014

The paper analyses the impact of the supplied airflow rate of the solar wall used for heating air in an air handling unit on the effectiveness of the solar wall. The article reviews experimental and theoretical papers and presents the expressions determining the efficiency indicators of the solar wall. Experimental research into the solar wall at a constant airflow rate was carried out on 5–6 April 2014. Temperatures, overall efficiencies and an increase in temperature were established on the vertical solar wall counting the area of 100 m2 and fixed on the south façade of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. An increase in the average temperature, in the course of the conducted experiment, reached 7.5 °C. Under constant airflow rate, temperature efficiency increases along with solar irradiation. The average estimated temperature efficiency reaches 72 percent. The overall effectiveness of the solar wall decreases when solar irradiation increases.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjama saulės sienos, skirtos orui, patenkančiam į vėdinimo įrenginį, pašildyti, tiekiamo oro debito įtaka saulės sienos efektyvumui. Apžvelgti eksperimentiniai ir teoriniai darbai. Pateiktos išraiškos saulės sienos efektyvumo rodikliams nustatyti. Atliktas saulės sienos eksperimentinis tyrimas (nuo 2014 m. balandžio 5 d. 00:00 val. iki 2014 m. balandžio 6 d. 00:00 val.), kai oro debitas pastovus. Nustatyti 100 m2 ploto vertikalios saulės sienos, kuri sumontuota ant Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universiteto pietinio fasado, temperatūrinis ir bendrasis efektyvumai bei temperatūrinis prieaugis. Vidutinis temperatūrinis prieaugis tyrimo metu siekė 7,5 °C. Esant pastoviam debitui, bet didėjant saulės spinduliuotei, didėja ir temperatūrinis efektyvumas. Apskaičiuotas vidutinis temperatūrinis efektyvumas yra 72 %. Didėjant saulės spinduliuotei, bendrasis saulės sienos efektyvumas mažėja.
THE IMPACT OF THE SOLAR WALL ON THE EXTERNAL ENVELOPE / SAULĖS SIENOS ĮTAKOS PASTATO ATITVAROMS ANALIZĖ
Authors: Motuzienė Violeta
Published: October 2014

The paper analyses the influence of the solar wall (unglazed transpired solar collector) on the external envelope during heating and non-heating seasons. Experiments were performed in two rooms – the one with a solar wall and without it. Based on experimental data, the analysis of the influence of the solar wall on the external envelope was done for two cases: employing air by-pass and refusing it. Also, the numerical simulation of the solar wall employing “COMSOL Multiphysics” software was performed. 8 different alternatives were simulated thus seeking to define the ways to decrease a negative and increase a positive influence of the solar wall on the external envelope of the building both in heating and non-heating seasons. The obtained results have shown that the solar wall makes a negative influence on the envelope during the non-heating season if air by-pass is not used. Heat gains increase by 8–12.2%, compared to the case without the solar wall. It has been also defined that the solar wall protects the envelope from heat gains if air by-pass is applied. During the heating season, the solar wall may decrease heat losses by 25.5%, compared to the case without the wall.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjama saulės sienos (neįstiklinto pratakaus saulės kolektoriaus) įtaka išorinei atitvarai šiltuoju ir šaltuoju metų laiku. Eksperimentinis tyrimas buvo atliktas dviejose patalpose: vienoje – išorinė atitvara dengta, o kitoje – nedengta saulės siena. Remiantis gautais eksperimentiniais ir meteorologiniais duomenimis atlikta saulės sienos poveikio atitvarai ir jos priklausomybės nuo saulės spinduliuotės intensyvumo su oro apeiga ir be jos analizė. Saulės siena modeliuota su „COMSOL Multiphysics“ programa. Sumodeliuoti aštuoni skirtingi atitvaros su saulės siena variantai, siekiant nustatyti būdus, kaip sumažinti neigiamą ir padidinti teigiamą įtaką atitvarai šiltuoju ir šaltuoju metų laiku. Nustatyta, kad saulės siena šiltuoju metų laiku, kai oras joje nejuda, daro neigiamą įtaką atitvarai – šilumos pritėkiai padidėja 8–12,2 %, lyginant su nedengta atitvara. Analizė parodė, kad saulės siena apsaugo atitvarą nuo tiesioginės saulės spinduliuotės, jei oras ištraukiamas per apėjimo ortakį. Šaltuoju metų laiku saulės siena šilumos nuostolius sumažina 25,5 %, lyginant su nedengta išorine atitvara.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL FOR THE PARK AND RIDE SYSTEM IN THE MAJOR LITHUANIAN CITIES / SISTEMOS „STATYK IR VAŽIUOK“ PLĖTROS DIDŽIUOSIUOSE LIETUVOS MIESTUOSE MODELIS
Authors: Palevičius Vytautas , Lazauskaitė Dovilė
Published: October 2014

Park and Ride (P&R) is the original transport system of public passengers, acting as a traditional supplement of public transport. The system is becoming widely popular in European cities. The central core of this system is composed of parking facilities in the specified parking areas at the approaches to the city with connections to public transport or special buses that allow people reach the city centre. The P&R system is based on a reduction in car density in the city centre as well as on a decrease in traffic noise, air and visual pollution. Furthermore, the P&R system is an economical and time-saving way to travel. This article has been prepared according to structural support provided by the European Union (EU) for the purpose of developing the P&R system in five major Lithuanian cities – Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipeda, Siauliai and Panevezys. Therefore, this paper is aimed at the development and application of the theoretical model of the P&R system to Lithuanian cities according to external good and bad practice.
„Statyk ir važiuok“ (toliau – SV) yra originali viešoji keleivių susisiekimo sistema, veikianti kaip tradicinio viešojo transporto (toliau – VT) papildinys. Ši sistema plačiai populiarėja Europos miestuose. Jos esmę sudaro tai, kad lengvasis automobilis paliekamas specialioje automobilių stovėjimo aikštelėje miesto prieigose ir tolesnė kelionė tęsiama VT arba specialiu autobusu. SV sistema orientuota į miesto centro apkrovos lengvaisiais automobiliais mažinimą, ji padeda sumažinti transporto priemonių keliamą triukšmą, oro ir vizualinę taršą mieste, taupo keleivių laiką ir pinigus. Šis straipsnis rengiamas atsižvelgiant į Europos Sąjungos (toliau – ES) struktūrinės paramos periodu numatytą finansavimą, skirtą SV sistemos plėtrai penkiuose didžiausiuose Lietuvos miestuose (Vilniuje, Kaune, Klaipėdoje, Šiauliuose ir Panevėžyje). Todėl šio straipsnio tikslas – sukurti ir pritaikyti SV sistemos teorinį modelį Lietuvos miestams, remiantis gerąja ir blogąja užsienio praktika.
Streamlining the use of BOLD specimen data to record species distributions: a case study with ten Nearctic species of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Fernandez-Triana Jose , Penev Lyubomir , Ratnasingham Sujeevan , Smith M. Alex , Sones Jayme , Telfer Angela , deWaard Jeremy , Hebert Paul
Published: October 2014

The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) is designed to support the generation and application of DNA barcode data, but it also provides a unique source of data with potential for many research uses. This paper explores the streamlining of BOLD specimen data to record species distributions – and its fast publication using the Biodiversity Data Journal (BDJ), and its authoring platform, the Pensoft Writing Tool (PWT). We selected a sample of 630 specimens and 10 species of a highly diverse group of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from the Nearctic region and used the information in BOLD to uncover a significant number of new records (of locality, provinces, territories and states). By converting specimen information (such as locality, collection date, collector, voucher depository) from the BOLD platform to the Excel template provided by the PWT, it is possible to quickly upload and generate long lists of "Material Examined" for papers discussing taxonomy, ecology and/or new distribution records of species. For the vast majority of publications including DNA barcodes, the generation and publication of ancillary data associated with the barcoded material is seldom highlighted and often disregarded, and the analysis of those data sets to uncover new distribution patterns of species has rarely been explored, even though many BOLD records represent new and/or significant discoveries. The introduction of journals specializing in – and streamlining – the release of these datasets, such as the BDJ, should facilitate thorough analysis of these records, as shown in this paper.
The foundations of the theory of entrepreneurship in austrian economics – Menger and Böhm-Bawerk on the entrepreneur
Authors: Campagnolo Gilles , Vivel Christel
Published: October 2014

Les pères de l’école connue sous le nom d’ « École autrichienne d’économie », Carl Menger (1840-1921) et son premier disciple Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk (1851-1914), ont analysé les pratiques d’affaires et la nature des activités de l’entrepreneur au-delà de ce qui se faisait en leur temps au sein de l’école historique allemande. Ont-ils pour autant déjà donné une « théorie de l’entrepreneur » en tant que telle, et le pouvaient-ils ? Toujours est-il qu’émergent dans leurs œuvres les éléments d’analyse d’un intérêt neuf pour des aspects de l’entreprise et la nature du système de production capitaliste dont l’impact allait se faire sentir de la société de leurs contemporains et chez leurs héritiers (comme Israel Kirzner) jusqu’à nos jours.
L'entreprise fait-elle partie de la structure de base rawlsienne ?
Authors: Blanc Sandrine
Published: October 2014

Cet article clarifie le statut de l’entreprise par rapport à la structure de base rawlsienne. Ce statut est ambigu, du fait d’incertitudes liées à la conception rawlsienne de l’entreprise ainsi qu’à sa définition de la structure de base. L’article identifie deux représentations principales de l’entreprise chez Rawls : l’une inclusiviste, qui définit l’entreprise comme une entité ontologiquement distincte de la structure de base ; l’autre constitutiviste, qui l’appréhende comme une institution susceptible d’appartenir à la structure de base. L’article recense ensuite différentes interprétations de la structure de base avant d’en proposer une plus large, y intégrant notamment certaines structures informelles. Articulée à la conception institutionnaliste de l’entreprise, cette définition large de la structure de base débouche sur une représentation constitutiviste étendue de l’entreprise, permettant ainsi au libéralisme égalitaire de considérer cette dernière d’un œil plus critique.
When Is It Okay to Cry? An End-of-Life Simulation Experience
Authors: Bartlett Jennifer L. , Thomas-Wright Jenny , Pugh Holly
Published: October 2014

This article details how a small college of nursing affiliated with a faith-based health care corporation integrated the education of end-of-life care into a megacode simulation. Students participated in a high-fidelity simulated megacode scenario in which the simulator died. Following de-briefing, student groups participated in an additional scenario in which faculty coached them through postmortem care and interaction with a family member and a hospital chaplain. As a result of this multidimensional, interprofessional simulation, students developed heightened skill in applying basic life-saving measures, increased knowledge of and comfort with postmortem care, and increased awareness of the emotions elicited by the experience. [
J Nurs Educ.
2014;53(11):659–662.]
Spatial assessment of artisanal fisheries and their potential impact on the seabed: the Cap de Creus regional case study (northwestern Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Purroy Ariadna , Requena Susana , Gili Josep Maria , Canepa Antonio , Sardá Rafael
Published: October 2014

The northwestern Mediterranean region faces two contrasting realities: intensive fishing activity and a rising awareness among citizens of the need to protect ecologically important areas. In NE Spain, a large portion of the Cap de Creus area will be declared a Natura 2000 offshore site, establishing a large Marine Protected Area. This study examines the spatial distribution of artisanal fisheries and their potential impact on key vulnerable ecosystem components (KVECs) in the region. Data collection is based on a questionnaire-based survey in the absence of better records. An integrative map showing potential cumulative impact values for the Cap de Creus region was developed, including fishing gear pressure on selected KVECs. The most potentially impacted areas were found along the coast and on canyon margins. Results showed that different types of fishing gears converge, implying a higher impact on certain benthic communities and KVECs, with the greatest spatial coverage in coralligenous areas, Posidonia beds and maërl beds. When fishing log book and vessel monitoring system data are not available, the use of fishermen surveys linked to geographical information system tools can provide fundamental information for further implementation of effective measures for ecosystem-based management aimed at improving conservation of marine benthic ecosystems.
Toxicity of the purple mucus of the polychaete Halla parthenopeia (Oenonidae) revealed by a battery of ecotoxicological bioassays
Authors: Iori Dario , Forti Luca , Massamba-N’Siala Gloria , Prevedelli Daniela , Simonini Roberto
Published: October 2014

Mucus secretions play a number of functions related to polychaete physiology and ecology. Under stress conditions, the polychaete Halla parthenopeia (Oenonidae) produces a purple mucus after mechanical stimulation, whose function is still unknown. Here, we assessed the toxicity of this purple mucus by means of both acute toxicity bioassays on the polychaete Dinophilus gyrociliatus and commercial ecotoxicological kits (Microtox®, Rotoxkit® and Artoxkit®). Palatability was also tested with the fish Oryzias melastigma. After emitting purple mucus, H. parthenopeia quickly moves away and starts releasing transparent mucus. Acute toxicity bioassays showed that the mucus was harmless (transparent), or lethal even when diluted about 1000 times (purple). Purple mucus was toxic at different concentrations, the LC50 ranging from 0.7-0.3 g l–1 for D. gyrociliatus to 76 g l–1 for Artemia franciscana (Artoxkit®). Freeze-dried brine shrimp coated with transparent or purple muci were both consumed by O. melastigma. We hypothesized that the purple mucus is involved in the chemical defence of H. parthenopeia against competitors and parasites, and that its colour and toxicity are due to hallachrome, a 1,2-anthraquinone found in the skin of H. parthenopeia.
Spawning pattern of the neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) around the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Vijai Dharmamony , Sakai Mitsuo , Kamei Yoshihiko , Sakurai Yasunori
Published: October 2014

The neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartramii, is an oceanic squid species that is widely distributed in the North Pacific, with the winter-spring cohort spawning around the Hawaiian Islands. Here, we investigated the spawning characteristics of O. bartramii by analyzing various reproductive parameters of individuals (622 males, 108 females) collected in this region. Female spawning status was determined from the somatic indices and histological characteristics of the ovaries. At all developmental stages, the ovaries of spawned females contained oocytes, and oviduct fullness was not correlated with body size. Thus, because the eggs mature asynchronously, with multiple filling and evacuation events, this species is considered an intermittent spawner. Mature males with developed accessory glands were also present within the distribution range of healthy spawned females, indicating that mating occurs between spawning events. Our data indicate that the first spawning event occurs at a mantle length of ~520-540 mm for Hawaiian O. bartramii. Subsequently, the squid forage and grow, and refill the oviducts, before the second spawning event occurs.
Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Pelonides Kuwert (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Enopliinae)
Authors: Opitz Weston
Published: October 2014

The genus Pelonides Kuwert (Coleoptera: Cleridae) is revised to include six species as follows: P. floripennis Opitz, new species, P. granulatipennis (Schaeffer), P. humeralis (Horn), P. quadrinotata (Haldeman), P. quadripunctata (Say), and P. scabripennis (LeConte). Pelonides species are presumed predators of lignicolous and anthophilous prey species. It is hypothesised that the sister group of Pelonides is Parapelonides Barr, and that ancestral Pelonides diversified on ancient terrain known as the Mexican/Mayan block. Lectotypes were designated for P. granulatipennis (Schaeffer) and P. quadripunctata (Say). Pelonides similis Knull is synonymised with P. humeralis (Horn). Fifteen characters were evaluated phylogenetically and analysed with WINCLADA, in combination with NONA, which generated two fully resolved trees. This treatise also includes a key to Pelonides species, a summary of natural history, 24 line drawings, four electron micrographs, 24 habitus illustrations, and three distribution maps.
Interruption of Macrophage-Derived IL-27(p28) Production by IL-10 during Sepsis Requires STAT3 but Not SOCS3
Authors: Bosmann Markus , Russkamp Norman F. , Strobl Birgit , Roewe Julian , Balouzian Liza , Pache Florence , Radsak Markus P. , van Rooijen Nico , Zetoune Firas S. , Sarma J. Vidya , Núñez Gabriel , Müller Mathias , Murray Peter J. , Ward Peter A.
Published: October 2014

Severe sepsis and septic shock are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Infection-associated inflammation promotes the development and progression of adverse outcomes in sepsis. The effects of heterodimeric IL-27 (p28/EBI3) have been implicated in the natural course of sepsis, whereas the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of gene expression and release of IL-27 in sepsis are poorly understood. We studied the events regulating the p28 subunit of IL-27 in endotoxic shock and polymicrobial sepsis following cecal ligation and puncture. Neutralizing Abs to IL-27(p28) improved survival rates, restricted cytokine release, and reduced bacterial burden in C57BL/6 mice during sepsis. Genetic disruption of IL-27 signaling enhanced the respiratory burst of macrophages. Experiments using splenectomized mice or treatment with clodronate liposomes suggested that macrophages in the spleen may be a significant source of IL-27(p28) during sepsis. In cultures of TLR4-activated macrophages, the frequency of F4/80+CD11b+IL-27(p28)+ cells was reduced by the addition of IL-10. IL-10 antagonized both MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent release of IL-27(p28). Genetic deletion of STAT3 in Tie2-Cre/STAT3flox macrophages completely interrupted the inhibition of IL-27(p28) by IL-10 after TLR4 activation. In contrast, IL-10 remained fully active to suppress IL-27(p28) with deletion of SOCS3 in Tie2-Cre/SOCS3flox macrophages. Blockade of IL-10R by Ab or genetic deficiency of IL-10 resulted in 3–5-fold higher concentrations of IL-27(p28) in endotoxic shock and polymicrobial sepsis. Our studies identify IL-10 as a critical suppressing factor for IL-27(p28) production during infection-associated inflammation. These findings may be helpful for a beneficial manipulation of adverse IL-27(p28) release during sepsis.
Epitope Specificity Delimits the Functional Capabilities of Vaccine-Induced CD8 T Cell Populations
Authors: Hill Brenna J. , Darrah Patricia A. , Ende Zachary , Ambrozak David R. , Quinn Kylie M. , Darko Sam , Gostick Emma , Wooldridge Linda , van den Berg Hugo A. , Venturi Vanessa , Larsen Martin , Davenport Miles P. , Seder Robert A. , Price David A. , Douek Daniel C.
Published: October 2014

Despite progress toward understanding the correlates of protective T cell immunity in HIV infection, the optimal approach to Ag delivery by vaccination remains uncertain. We characterized two immunodominant CD8 T cell populations generated in response to immunization of BALB/c mice with a replication-deficient adenovirus serotype 5 vector expressing the HIV-derived Gag and Pol proteins at equivalent levels. The Gag-AI9/H-2Kd epitope elicited high-avidity CD8 T cell populations with architecturally diverse clonotypic repertoires that displayed potent lytic activity in vivo. In contrast, the Pol-LI9/H-2Dd epitope elicited motif-constrained CD8 T cell repertoires that displayed lower levels of physical avidity and lytic activity despite equivalent measures of overall clonality. Although low-dose vaccination enhanced the functional profiles of both epitope-specific CD8 T cell populations, greater polyfunctionality was apparent within the Pol-LI9/H-2Dd specificity. Higher proportions of central memory-like cells were present after low-dose vaccination and at later time points. However, there were no noteworthy phenotypic differences between epitope-specific CD8 T cell populations across vaccine doses or time points. Collectively, these data indicate that the functional and phenotypic properties of vaccine-induced CD8 T cell populations are sensitive to dose manipulation, yet constrained by epitope specificity in a clonotype-dependent manner.
A COMBINED FUZZY MCDM APPROACH FOR IDENTIFYING THE SUITABLE LANDS FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT: AN EXAMPLE FROM BANDAR ABBAS, IRAN
Authors: Dadras Mohsen , Mohd Shafri Helmi Zulhaidi , Ahmad Noordin , Pradhan Biswajeet , Safarpour Sahabeh
Published: October 2014

This study aims at identifying the suitable lands for urban development in Bandar Abbas city based on its real world use regarding specific criteria and sub-criteria. The city of Bandar Abbas is considered as the most important commercial and economic city of Iran. It is also considered as one of the major cities of Iran which has played a pivotal role in the country's development and progress in recent years especially after the end of Iran-Iraq war owing to its embracing the country's main commercial ports. This process has caused the immigration rate into the city to rise significantly over the past 20 years. Thus, the development of the city is meanwhile considered as a high priority. Bandar Abbas city does not have a rich capacity for growth and development due to its special geographical situation being located in coastal border. Among the limitations placed in the city's development way, natural limitations (heights and sea shore) in the northern and southern parts of the city and structural limitations (military centers) in the east and west sides of the city may be referred. Therefore, identifying the suitable lands for urban development within Bandar Abbas city limits is becoming an essential priority. Therefore, different quantitative and qualitative criteria have been studied in order to select and identify these lands. The structures of qualitative criteria for most parts involve ambiguities and vagueness. This leads us to use Fuzzy logic in this study as a natural method for determining the solutions for problems of Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). In the current research, a combination of MCDM methods has been presented for analysis. To assignee weights of the criteria Fuzzy AHP (analytic hierarchy process) is used for land selection and Fuzzy TOPSIS (method for order priority by similarity to ideal solution) is utilized to choose the alternative that is the most appropriate through these criteria weights. The sensitivity analysis of the results is included in the research.
PROPOSAL AND ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FRAGILITY MODEL USING MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS AND FUZZY LOGIC FOR INTEGRATED LANDSCAPE MAPPING
Authors: Cereda Junior Abimael , Röhm Sergio Antonio
Published: October 2014

Geographic Information Systems are able to represent and interpret the Landscape, and with greater possibilities using Integrated Analysis, however, there is not only a technical need but also methodological to achieve this in the computational field. Thus, the maximum consolidated stating that geometries are not geographies needs to be more than simply verifying the limitations inherent in Computer Modeling, analyzing and proposing methodologies that overcome the paradigm of overlapping layers, the initial loss of complex integration and inseparability of criteria and factors for Environmental Analysis. The present work, based on ecodynamics and the empirical analysis of the fragility of the natural and anthropogenic environments, proposes and submits an Environmental Fragility Model integrated into the paradigm of Multicriteria Analysis and Fuzzy Logic. The case study is part of the Monjolinho Basin in São Carlos – SP, Brazil. The use of this methodology enabled to decrease the influence of decision-making criteria, in which the factors embodied their cartographic expression, respecting the integrated landscape complex.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND TRENDS OF DRY DAYS IN SYLHET REGION OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Ali Shah Syed Mustakim , Hasan G. M. Jahid
Published: October 2014

The rainfall distribution in Bangladesh is not uniform and reflecting topography. Hilly Sylhet region receives substantial rainfall every year compare to other regions of Bangladesh. Though Sylhet region is less vulnerable to drought but weather pattern is not constant and changing day by day. Hence as a part of drought analysis, behavior of dry days is important. This study focuses on dry days pattern and associated changes from daily records of last 54 years for Sylhet region. Monthly, yearly and seasonal variations of dry days were analyzed to check for major changes. In order to investigate extreme dry events, time history of monthly dry days data were transformed into frequency domain using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Variability of dry days in time scale was also checked from filtered signals which is very useful for drought analysis, agricultural development and disaster management for the north-east region of Bangladesh.
REVIEW ON NATURAL METHODS FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT
Authors: Sahu Omprakash , Dubey Ashwani Kumar
Published: October 2014

In Ethiopia, the most common method of disposal of waste water is by land spreading. This treatment method has numerous problems, namely high labor requirements and the potential for eutrophication of surface and ground waters. Constructed wetlands are commonly used for treatment of secondary municipal wastewaters and they have been gaining popularity for treatment of agricultural wastewaters in Ethiopia. Intermittent sand filtration may offer an alternative to traditional treatment methods. As well as providing comparable treatment performance, they also have a smaller footprint, due to the substantially higher organic loading rates that may be applied to their surfaces. This paper discusses the performance and design criteria of constructed wetlands for the treatment of domestic and agricultural wastewater, and sand filters for the treatment of domestic wastewater. It also proposes sand filtration as an alternative treatment mechanism for agricultural wastewater and suggests design guidelines.
Investigating the relationship between employees’ career anchors and their psychosocial employability attributes in a financial company
Authors: Oosthuizen Rudolf M. , Coetzee Melinde , Mntonintshi Fezeka
Published: October 2014

Orientation: The challenge of sustaining one’s employability in a highly dynamic and turbulent labour market places new demands on individuals’ ability to navigate their career development. Career management practices in organisations should help individuals gain awareness of the career meta-capacities they need to sustain their employability.Research purpose: The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between employees’ career anchors and their psychosocial employability attributes as important career meta-capacities in contemporary career development. The study also investigated whether individuals from different age and race groups differed significantly regarding these career meta-capacities.Motivation for the study: Career management has become essential in the contemporary workplace for employees to sustain their employability. Research points to the importance of psychosocial career meta-capacities in helping employees to manage their career development and employability.Research design, approach and method: A cross-sectional quantitative survey using primary data was conducted on a non-probability purposive sample (N = 108) of full-time employees (67% women; 78% 26–45 years old; 78% black employees) at a South African financial company. Correlations and Scheffé’s post-hoc test were performed to achieve the research objectives.Main findings: Significant positive relationships were observed between the participants’ career anchors and their psychosocial employability attributes. Age and race groups differed significantly only in terms of their career anchors.Practical/managerial implications: Career management practices in the organisation should accommodate the differences in career orientations and how these relate to the psychosocial employability attributes of their employees.Contribution: The findings add potentially important insights that may inform human resource practices aimed at enhancing the career development and employability of employees and addressing the career needs of different age and race groups.