bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of gas-phase pyrolysis products in a prescribed fire: first detections using infrared spectroscopy for naphthalene, methyl nitrite, allene, acrolein and acetaldehyde
Authors: Scharko Nicole K. , Oeck Ashley M. , Tonkyn Russell G. , Baker Stephen P. , Lincoln Emily N. , Chong Joey , Corcoran Bonni M. , Burke Gloria M. , Weise David R. , Myers Tanya L. , Banach Catherine A. , Griffith David W. T. , Johnson Timothy J.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted from many sources, including
wildland fire. VOCs have received heightened emphasis due to such gases'
influential role in the atmosphere, as well as possible health effects. We
have used extractive infrared (IR) spectroscopy on recent prescribed burns
in longleaf pine stands and herein report the first detection of five
compounds using this technique. The newly reported IR detections include
naphthalene, methyl nitrite, allene, acrolein and acetaldehyde. We discuss
the approaches used for detection, particularly the software methods needed
to fit the analyte and multiple (interfering) spectral components within the
selected spectral micro-window(s). We also discuss the method's detection
limits and related parameters such as spectral resolution.
Baseline for ostracod-based northwestern Pacific and Indo-Pacific shallow-marine paleoenvironmental reconstructions: ecological modeling of species distributions
Authors: Hong Yuanyuan , Yasuhara Moriaki , Iwatani Hokuto , Mamo Briony
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Fossil ostracods have been widely used for Quaternary paleoenvironmental
reconstructions, especially in marginal marine environments (e.g., for water
depth, temperature, salinity, oxygen levels, pollution). But our knowledge of
indicator species autoecology, the base of paleoenvironmental
reconstructions, remains limited and commonly lacks robust statistical
support and comprehensive comparison with environmental data. We analyzed
marginal marine ostracod taxa at 52 sites in Hong Kong for which
comprehensive environmental data are available. We applied linear regression
models to reveal relationships between species distribution and environmental
factors for 18 common taxa (mainly species, a few genera) in our Hong Kong
dataset and identified indicator species of environmental parameters. For
example, Sinocytheridea impressa, a widely distributed euryhaline
species throughout the East and South China Sea and the Indo-Pacific,
indicates eutrophication and bottom-water hypoxia. Neomonoceratina delicata, a widely known species from nearshore and estuarine environments
in the East and South China Sea and the Indo-Pacific, indicates heavy metal
pollution and increased turbidity. The 18 taxa used for this study are widely
distributed geographically and divided into the following groups: widespread
(throughout the northwestern Pacific and Indo-Pacific regions), temperate
(South China Sea to Russia (Sea of Japan coast) and Japan), subtropical
(Indo-Pacific to the East China Sea), tropical (Indo-Pacific and South China
Sea), and globally distributed. With statistical support from ecological
modeling and comprehensive environmental data, these results provide a robust
baseline for ostracod-based Quaternary–Anthropocene paleoenvironmental
reconstructions in the tropical–extratropical northwestern Pacific and
Indo-Pacific.
Highlights.
We provide a robust baseline for ostracod-based (microscopic Arthropods)
paleoenvironmental reconstructions from Quaternary and Anthropocene marginal
marine sediments. The studied species have wide distributions over the tropics and
extratropics of the northwestern Pacific and Indo-Pacific. Ecological modeling has established ostracod species as reliable indicators for
paleoenvironmental reconstructions.
Variation in brachiopod microstructure and isotope geochemistry under low-pH–ocean acidification conditions
Authors: Ye Facheng , Jurikova Hana , Angiolini Lucia , Brand Uwe , Crippa Gaia , Henkel Daniela , Laudien Jürgen , Hiebenthal Claas , Šmajgl Danijela
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In the last few decades and in the near future
CO2-induced ocean acidification is potentially a big threat to marine
calcite-shelled animals (e.g. brachiopods, bivalves, corals and gastropods).
Despite the great number of studies focusing on the effects of acidification
on shell growth, metabolism, shell dissolution and shell repair, the
consequences for biomineral formation remain poorly understood. Only a few
studies have addressed the impact of ocean acidification on shell
microstructure and geochemistry. In this study, a detailed microstructure and
stable isotope geochemistry investigation was performed on nine adult
brachiopod specimens of Magellania venosa (Dixon, 1789). These were
grown in the natural environment as well as in controlled culturing
experiments under different pH conditions (ranging from 7.35 to 8.15±0.05)
over different time intervals (214 to 335 days). Details of shell
microstructural features, such as thickness of the primary layer, density and
size of endopunctae and morphology of the basic structural unit of the
secondary layer were analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Stable
isotope compositions (δ13C and δ18O) were
tested from the secondary shell layer along shell ontogenetic increments in
both dorsal and ventral valves. Based on our comprehensive dataset, we
observed that, under low-pH conditions, M. venosa produced a more
organic-rich shell with higher density of and larger endopunctae, and smaller
secondary layer fibres. Also, increasingly negative δ13C and
δ18O values are recorded by the shell produced during
culturing and are related to the CO2 source in the culture set-up.
Both the microstructural changes and the stable isotope results are similar
to observations on brachiopods from the fossil record and strongly support
the value of brachiopods as robust archives of proxies for studying ocean
acidification events in the geologic past.
Oxygen isotope composition of the final chamber of planktic foraminifera provides evidence of vertical migration and depth-integrated growth
Authors: Pracht Hilde , Metcalfe Brett , Peeters Frank J. C.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The translation of the original seawater signal (i.e. ambient temperature and
δ18Osw) into distinct chambers of a single shell of a
foraminifer during calcification can influence our interpretation of surface
ocean conditions of the past, when based upon oxygen and carbon stable
isotope geochemistry. In this study three different hypotheses were tested to
gain more insight into biological and ecological processes that influence the
resultant composition of stable isotopes of oxygen (δ18O) in
the shells of planktonic foraminifera. These hypotheses were related to the
shell size; the differences in isotopic composition between the final chamber
and the remaining shell; and the differences between different species.
Shells of Trilobatus sacculifer, Globigerinoides ruber
white and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei were picked from the top of
multi-core GS07-150-24, of modern age, offshore of north-eastern Brazil
(3∘46.474′ S, 37∘03.849′ W) and analysed for
single-shell and single-chamber stable isotope analysis. We show that the
mean value of δ18O of the final chambers
(δ18OF) is 0.2 ‰ ± 0.4 ‰
(1σ) higher than the mean value δ18O of the test minus
the final chamber (δ18O<F) of T. sacculifer. The
formation of the final chamber happens at temperatures that are approximately
1 ∘C cooler than the chambers formed prior, suggesting both
ontogenetic depth migration to deeper water and a potential offset from the
surface signal. Furthermore, we show that there is no statistical difference
in the δ18Osacculifer values of shells of three different
size classes of T. sacculifer, although the pattern between the
different size classes indicates depth migration during the life and growth
of T. sacculifer. Comparison of vital effect corrected
δ18Oshell between T. sacculifer, G. ruber
white and N. dutertrei suggests that G. ruber has a
slightly shallower depth habitat (∼90–120 m) compared to the other
two species (∼100–130 m). Disentangling depth vs. seasonal habitat is
complicated given the commonality between isotope values from similar depths
but different seasons; for instance, the same average isotope value will have
a shallower depth habitat in May than September. Calculation of
seasonal-depth habitat was therefore tested. Our results highlight the
complicated nature of interpreting oxygen isotopes even for the modern
record.
Long chain diols in settling particles in tropical oceans: insights into sources, seasonality and proxies
Authors: de Bar Marijke W. , Ullgren Jenny , Thunnell Robert C. , Wakeham Stuart G. , Brummer Geert-Jan A. , Stuut Jan-Berend W. , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Schouten Stefan
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In this study we have analyzed sediment trap time series from five tropical sites to assess seasonal variations in concentrations and fluxes of long-chain diols (LCDs) and associated proxies with emphasis on the Long chain Diol Index (LDI). For the tropical Atlantic, we observe that generally less than 2 % of LCDs settling from the water column are preserved in the sediment. The Atlantic and Mozambique Channel traps reveal minimal seasonal variations in the LDI, similar to the TEX86 and UK´37. However, annual mean LDI-derived temperatures are in good agreement with the annual mean satellite-derived sea surface temperatures (SSTs). In the Cariaco Basin the LDI shows larger seasonal variation, as do the TEX86 and UK´37. Here, the LDI underestimates SST during the warmest months, which is likely due to summer stratification and the habitat depth of the diol producers deepening to around 20 to 30 m. Surface sediment LDI temperatures in the Atlantic and Mozambique Channel compare well with the average LDI-derived temperatures from the overlying sediment traps, as well as with decadal annual mean SST. Lastly, we observed large seasonal variations in the Diol Index, as indicator of upwelling conditions, at three sites, potentially linked to Guinea Dome upwelling (Eastern Atlantic), seasonal upwelling (Cariaco Basin) and seasonal upwelling and/or eddy migration (Mozambique Channel).
Computing climate-smart urban land use with the Integrated Urban Complexity model (IUCm 1.0)
Authors: Cremades Roger , Sommer Philipp S.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Cities are fundamental to climate
change mitigation, and although there is increasing understanding about the
relationship between emissions and urban form, this relationship has not been
used to provide planning advice for urban land use so far. Here we present
the Integrated Urban Complexity model (IUCm 1.0) that computes
“climate-smart urban forms”, which are able to cut emissions related to
energy consumption from urban mobility in half. Furthermore, we show the
complex features that go beyond the normal debates about urban sprawl vs.
compactness. Our results show how to reinforce fractal hierarchies and
population density clusters within climate risk constraints to significantly
decrease the energy consumption of urban mobility. The new model that we
present aims to produce new advice about how cities can combat climate
change.
Global aerosol modeling with MADE3 (v3.0) in EMAC (based on v2.53): model description and evaluation
Authors: Kaiser J. Christopher , Hendricks Johannes , Righi Mattia , Jöckel Patrick , Tost Holger , Kandler Konrad , Weinzierl Bernadett , Sauer Daniel , Heimerl Katharina , Schwarz Joshua P. , Perring Anne E. , Popp Thomas
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Recently, the aerosol microphysics submodel MADE3 (Modal Aerosol Dynamics
model for Europe, adapted for global applications, third generation) was
introduced as a successor to MADE and MADE-in. It includes nine aerosol
species and nine lognormal modes to represent aerosol particles of three
different mixing states throughout the aerosol size spectrum. Here, we
describe the implementation of the most recent version of MADE3 into the
ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) general circulation model, including
a detailed evaluation of a 10-year aerosol simulation with MADE3 as part of
EMAC. We compare simulation output to station network measurements of near-surface
aerosol component mass concentrations, to airborne measurements of aerosol
mass mixing ratio and number concentration vertical profiles, to ground-based
and airborne measurements of particle size distributions, and to station
network and satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth. Furthermore, we
describe and apply a new evaluation method, which allows a comparison of model
output to size-resolved electron microscopy measurements of particle
composition. Although there are indications that fine-mode particle deposition
may be underestimated by the model, we obtained satisfactory agreement with
the observations. Remaining deviations are of similar size to those identified
in other global aerosol model studies. Thus, MADE3 can be considered ready for application within EMAC. Due to its
detailed representation of aerosol mixing state, it is especially useful for
simulating wet and dry removal of aerosol particles, aerosol-induced
formation of cloud droplets and ice crystals as well as aerosol–radiation
interactions. Besides studies on these fundamental processes, we also plan to
use MADE3 for a reassessment of the climate effects of anthropogenic aerosol
perturbations.
The road weather model RoadSurf driven by the HARMONIE-Climate regional climate model: evaluation over Finland
Authors: Toivonen Erika , Hippi Marjo , Korhonen Hannele , Laaksonen Ari , Kangas Markku , Pietikäinen Joni-Pekka
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In this paper, we evaluate the skill of the road weather model RoadSurf to reproduce present-day road weather conditions in Finland. RoadSurf was driven by meteorological input data from a high-resolution regional climate model (RCM) HARMONIE-Climate (HCLIM) utilizing ALARO physics (HCLIM-ALARO). Simulated road surface temperatures and road surface conditions were compared to observations between 2002 and 2014 at 25 road weather stations located in different parts of Finland. The main characteristics of road weather conditions were accurately captured by RoadSurf in the study area. For example, the model precisely simulated road surface temperatures with a mean bias of −0.3 °C, RMSE of 2.1 °C, and Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.93. The RoadSurf's output bias most probably stemmed from the lack of road maintenance operations in the model, such as snow ploughing and salting, and the biases in the input meteorological data. The biases in the input data were most evident in northern parts of Finland, where the regional climate model HCLIM-ALARO overestimated precipitation and had a warm bias in simulated air temperatures during the winter season. In turn, these input data biases seemed to result in a warm bias in simulated road surface temperatures. Furthermore, the lack of road maintenance operations in the model might have affected RoadSurf's ability to simulate road surface conditions: the model tended to overestimate icy and snowy road surfaces and underestimate the occurrence of water on the road. However, the overall good performance of RoadSurf implies that this approach can be used to study the impacts of climate change on road weather conditions by forcing RoadSurf by future climate projections from RCMs, such as HCLIM.
Change detection of bare-ice albedo in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Naegeli Kathrin , Huss Matthias , Hoelzle Martin
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Albedo feedback is an important driver of glacier melt
over bare-ice surfaces. Light-absorbing impurities strongly enhance glacier
melt rates but their abundance, composition and variations in space and time
are subject to considerable uncertainties and ongoing scientific debates. In
this study, we assess the temporal evolution of shortwave broadband albedo
derived from 15 end-of-summer Landsat scenes for the bare-ice areas of 39
large glaciers in the western and southern Swiss Alps. Trends in bare-ice
albedo crucially depend on the spatial scale considered. No significant
negative temporal trend in bare-ice albedo was found on a regional to
glacier-wide scale. However, at higher spatial scales, certain areas of
bare ice, including the lowermost elevations and margins of the ablation
zones,
revealed significant darkening over the study period 1999 to 2016. A total
glacier area of 13.5 km2 (equivalent to about 12 % of the average
end-of-summer bare-ice area in the study area) exhibited albedo trends
significant at the 95 % confidence level or higher. Most of this area was
affected by a negative albedo trend of about −0.05 decade−1. Generally,
bare-ice albedo exhibits a strong interannual variability, caused by a
complex interplay of meteorological conditions prior to the acquisition of
the data, local glacier characteristics and the date of the investigated
satellite imagery. Although a darkening of glacier ice was found to be
present over only a limited region, we emphasize that due to the recent and
projected growth of bare-ice areas and prolongation of the ablation season in
the region, the albedo feedback will considerably enhance the rate of glacier
mass loss in the Swiss Alps in the near future.
Qualidade de vida e qualidade de sono na insuficiência cardíaca
Authors: Oliveira Layana Marques de , Cunha Tamara Martins da , Nogueira Ivan Daniel Bezerra , Nogueira Patrícia Angélica De Miranda Silva
Published: February 2019

Introdução: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma síndrome clínica complexa, caracterizada pela incapacidade do ventrículo esquerdo bombear sangue suficiente para o corpo. Dentre as características clínicas da IC estão a baixa qualidade de vida e de sono. Objetivo: Relacionar a qualidade de vida (QV) e a qualidade de sono (QS) com capacidade funcional de pacientes com IC e saudáveis. Métodos: Estudo transversal observacional, no qual foram avaliados 21 pacientes com IC (grupo IC) e 21 indivíduos auto relatados saudáveis (grupo controle). Foram avaliadas a QV e QS, a sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE) e a distância percorrida do teste da caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M). Resultados: Foi observado uma melhor QV e QS no grupo IC em comparação ao grupo controle (p0,05). Encontramos correlações positivas entre o capacidade funcional e limitação por aspectos emocionais com a distância percorrida no TC6M (r=0,475, p=0,034) e (r=0,620, p=0,004,), respectivamente. Conclusão: Nossos resultados demonstram que a IC gera impactos negativos na QV e na QS da amostra estudada.
Comportamento da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e da capacidade funcional de acordo com o tempo de transplante renal
Authors: Andrade Camila Carolina Alves , Maia Tuíra Oliveira , Bezerra Shirley Dias , Rocha Lívia Gomes da , Souza Helga Cecília Muniz de , Marinho Patrícia Érika de Melo
Published: February 2019

Introdução: Desequilíbrio autonômico, com aumento da atividade simpática e redução da parassimpática, pode ocorrer no transplantado renal, representando forte indicador de risco cardíaco. Objetivo: Avaliar a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) e a capacidade funcional dos transplantados renais de acordo com o tempo de transplante renal. Métodos: Série de casos envolvendo transplantados renais divididos em grupos de acordo com a mediana do tempo de transplante renal (158 meses). Foram avaliados a VFC através do Holter por 24 horas, o nível de atividade física (IPAQ) e o desempenho funcional (teste de caminhada de 6 minutos). Resultados: Os indivíduos comportaram-se diferentemente em relação à VFC e à capacidade funcional. No entanto, aqueles com maior tempo de transplante apresentaram maior VFC, eram menos ativos e variaram mais no desempenho funcional. Conclusão: O presente estudo constata a presença de diferenças individuais na VFC e no desempenho funcional entre os transplantados renais de acordo com o tempo de realização do TX.
Inatividade física e fatores de risco para doenças crônicas em professores universitários
Authors: Lira Bruno Alves , Souza Priscila De , Gomes Daniel Junior de Oliveira , Maniçoba Ana Caroline Magalhães , Monteiro Luciana Zaranza
Published: February 2019

Introdução: Os baixos níveis de atividade fisica estão relacionados com o aumento da ocorrência de doenças crônicas. Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência dos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e associar esses comportamentos com a  inatividade física de professores universitários de uma instituição privada na cidade de Brasília, DF, Brasil. Métodos: Participaram 285 professores universitários de uma instituição particular. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário autoaplicável e o nível de atividade física foi avaliado pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Resultados: A prevalência de baixos níveis de atividade física foi de 61,4%, onde os professores fisicamente inativos tinham menor consumo de frutas/verduras/legumes (RP:2,47;IC95%:1,28-3,18) e consumo excessivo de carne com gordura (RP:2,15;IC95%1,42-2,97), refrigerante (RP:2,02;IC95%:1,69-2,75) e álcool (RP:1,98;IC95%:1,22-2,86). Conclusão: Os professores apresentaram elevada prevalência de comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas e a maioria deles foi classificada como insuficientemente ativos. Assim, sugere-se politicas públicas dentro da universidade para prevenção de doenças e melhora da qualidade de vida.
Przegląd wybranych standardów i norm z zakresu bezpieczeństwa informacyjnego
Authors: Liderman Krzysztof
Published: February 2019

Artykuł zawiera przegląd wybranych norm i standardów z dziedziny bezpieczeństwa informacyjnego. Celem artykułu jest dostarczenie zwięzłej informacji na temat standardów i norm aktualnie uznawanych za wiodące na świecie. Publikacja dotyczy przede wszystkim idei zawartych w opisywanych normach, a nie szczegółowego ich opisu, wydania normy – standardu. Treść artykułu jest kontynuacją tematyki, do której odwołania zawarto w literaturze dołączonej do niniejszej publikacji.
SOME MATTERS OF IMPOSITION OF PUNISHMENT FOR PREPARATION FOR PREMEDITATED MURDER IN THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Abzalova Khurshida Mirziyatovna
Published: February 2019

This article analysis some aspects of assignment of punishment for preparation for premeditated
murder on the basis of the theory of criminal law, draws the corresponding conclusions
and develops recommendations in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
According to article 58 of Criminal code of the Republic of Uzbekistan at assignment of punishment
for preparation for crime, in particular to premeditated murder (dolus premeditatus),
court is being guided by the general beginnings of assignment of punishment, considers also
weight of crime, extent of implementation of criminal intention and the reason owing to which
crime was not ended; punishment for preparation for simple premeditated murder should not
exceed three quarters of the maximum punishment prescribed by the relevant article of the
Special part of Criminal code of the Republic of Uzbekistan; the rule about the maximum
punishment (three quarters of the maximum punishment prescribed by the relevant article of
the Special part of Criminal code of the Republic of Uzbekistan) is not applied at assignment
of punishment for preparation for premeditated murder under the aggravating circumstances;
for preparation for premeditated murder sentence in the form of lifelong imprisonment cannot
be imposed.
Book Review of "Diagnosing the Legacy: The Discovery, Research, and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Indigenous Youth"
Authors: Palmer Meredith Alberta
Published: February 2019

None
Is the Trendelenburg position the only way to better visualize internal jugular veins?
Authors: Judickas Šarūnas , Gineitytė Dalia , Kezytė Greta , Gaižauskas Ernestas , Šerpytis Mindaugas , Šipylaitė Jūratė
Published: February 2019

Background. A larger cross-sectional area (CSA) of the internal jugular vein (IJV) makes catheterization easier and the Trendelenburg position is used to achieve this. Unfortunately, it is not comfortable for conscious patients. The aim was to evaluate the impact of alternative manoeuvres on the enlargement of the CSA of the IJV and to compare these manoeuvres with the Trendelenburg position.
Materials and methods. A prospective study of 63 healthy volunteers was conducted. Two-dimensional ultrasound images of right IJV (RIJV) and left IJV (LIJV) were recorded at the level of the cricoid cartilage in the supine position with and without head rotation by 30 degrees during various manoeuvres.
Results. The CSA of the RIJV and the LIJV significantly increased using hold of deep breath (mean size (cm2) RIJV 1.59 ± 0.82, LIJV 1.07 ± 0.64; both p < 0.001) and the Trendelenburg position (mean size (cm2) RIJV 1.5 ± 0.68, LIJV 0.99 ± 0.54; both p < 0.001). The 45-degree passive leg raise increased the CSA of only the RIJV (mean size (cm2) 1.17 ± 0.61, p = 0.024). These manoeuvres were compared with the Trendelenburg position. There was no significant difference in the size of the CSA using hold of deep breath on the LIJV (p = 0.08) and the RIJV (p = 0.203). The passive leg raise had a significantly weaker impact on the size of the CSA (p < 0.001 for both sides).
Conclusions. Hold of deep breath and 45-degree passive leg raise (the latter limited for the right side only) are alternative manoeuvres to improve visualization of internal jugular veins for conscious patients. Hold of deep breath was as effective as the Trendelenburg position.
Evaluation of quality of life after paediatric cochlear implantation
Authors: Byčkova Jekaterina , Simonavičienė Justė , Mickevičienė Vaiva , Lesinskas Eugenijus
Published: February 2019

Background. Cochlear implantation (CI) is the main treatment method for deaf children. CI influences not only communication, but also psychosocial outcomes in children with severe to profound hearing loss. Focusing on issues specific to CI (e.g., self-reliance, social relations, education) may provide a more accurate and relative view of functional status of paediatric cochlear implant users. The objectives of this study were to translate into Lithuanian and adapt an international questionnaire of the quality of life after cochlear implantation and to evaluate parental perspectives regarding CI and the child’s progress after a minimum of two years after surgery.
Materials and methods. The parental questionnaire The Children with Cochlear Implants: Parental Perspectives CCIPP was used to evaluate the quality of life following cochlear implantation. The questionnaire includes 74 items covering two main domains: decision-making (26 items) and the outcomes of implantation (48 items). Quality of life is estimated according to the scores of eight sub-domains: communication, general functioning, well-being, self-reliance, social relations, education, effects of implantation, and supporting the child.
Results. The paediatric sample consisted of 11 (39%) girls and 17 (61%) boys, whose mean age at the time of cochlear implantation was 2.41 ± 2.25 years, mean duration of the implant use 3.7 ± 1.3 years. All the grand means in the outcomes of implantation domain exceeded 3 on the 5-point scale, meaning that parents viewed the quality of life of their children as either average or better. Parents rated the sub-domains of communication (3.90 ± 0.77 points), social relations (4.05 ± 0.41), and supporting the child (3.89 ± 0.49) most positively.
Conclusions. According to parents, the quality of life improves after the cochlear implantation, especially in the fields of communication, social relations and supporting the child.
X-ray Metrology for the SemiconductorIndustry Tutorial
Authors: Sunday Daniel F. , Wu Wen-li , Barton Scott , Kline R. Joseph
Published: February 2019

The semiconductor industry is in need of new, in-line dimensional metrology
methods with higherspatial resolution for characterizing their next generation
nanodevices. The purpose of this short course is to train the semiconductor industry
on the NIST-developed critical dimension small angle X-ray scattering (CDSAXS)
method. The topics will include both data processing and instrumentation. The short
course will also provide an opportunity for discussion of the requirements for
CDSAXS and the necessary improvements in X-ray source technology. Expected audience
include semiconductor manufacturers, equipment manufacturers, and component
manufacturers. The presentations were made at “X-ray Metrology for the Semiconductor
Industry” short course at the National Institute of Standards and Technology on Aug.
25, 2016.
LOS REGULADORES NO VERBALES DE INICIO Y DE CIERRE EN SECUENCIAS ESTRUCTURALES DE NARRACIONES CONVERSACIONALES: UN ESTUDIO SOCIOPRAGMÁTICO
Authors: Guerrero González Silvana
Published: February 2019

En este estudio se indaga en el comportamiento de los reguladores no verbales de inicio y de cierre de secuencia estructural en narraciones conversacionales, con base en 54 narraciones conversacionales construidas por parejas de hablantes de Santiago de Chile, según las variables sexo y grupo socioeconómico. A partir de un análisis inductivo de los datos y siguiendo la propuesta inicial de Guerrero (2017b), se propone una categorización de reguladores no verbales de cierre de secuencia estructural narrativa, se intenta determinar su distribución de empleo en la cadena narrativa y se los relaciona con las variables sexo y grupo socioeconómico. Por último, se contrasta el empleo de reguladores no verbales de inicio y de cierre de secuencia estructural en la narración. El trabajo permite concluir que existen 38 reguladores de cierre claramente definidos. Se destaca especialmente el papel que tienen las miradas en todas las secciones de la narración y es relevante, además, que existan algunos reguladores no verbales muy frecuentes y diversos en el clímax del relato. Los hallazgos permiten verificar también que hay variación en el uso de este tipo de reguladores, pues, en general, son más frecuentes entre las parejas mujer-mujer y entre los hablantes de los grupos bajo y medio de la escala social. Por último, se comprueba que los reguladores de cierre son más diversos y más frecuentes que los de inicio de secuencia estructural en las narraciones, y que son más utilizados en la orientación y en la complicación de la narración.
EL VALOR ESTRUCTURADOR DE ¿NO? UN ESTUDIO A TRAVÉS DE LA CONVERSACIÓN, LA ENTREVISTA Y EL MONÓLOGO
Authors: Uclés Ramada Gloria
Published: February 2019

En este artículo se pretenden detallar los valores como estructurador de la información del marcador del discurso ¿no?, un elemento cuyo carácter interpersonal resulta el rasgo de mayor prominencia. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un estudio que se centra en el comportamiento de esta forma en tres géneros discursivos orales: la conversación, la entrevista y el monólogo. A través de un análisis con corpus, se presenta, por una parte, una macrofunción que pretende explicar el valor estructurador de ¿no? desde su naturaleza interactiva y, por otra, un inventario de funciones que recogen la manera concreta en la que este marcador estructura la información.
LAS UNIDADES MÍNIMAS DEL DISCURSO Y LAS ESTRUCTURAS MÁS FRECUENTES EN LA CONVERSACIÓN COLOQUIAL
Authors: Latorre García Lidia
Published: February 2019

El objetivo principal de este artículo es estudiar la distribución de la información en la conversación coloquial en español a partir del análisis de la unidad mínima subacto (Briz y Grupo Val.Es.Co., 2003, Grupo Val.Es.Co., 2014). El subacto es la unidad relacionada con la dimensión informativa del discurso y diferencia contenidos proposicionales y procedimentales. En esta investigación se han segmentado un total 621 actos y 1188 subactos pertenecientes a conversaciones coloquiales. Seguidamente, se han contabilizado los patrones de aparición más frecuentes y se ha examinado la relación existente entre los diferentes tipos de subactos. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que los actos simples conforman el patrón más frecuente en la conversación coloquial española y que los actos tienden a ser introducidos por un contenido procedimental.
LA PARTICIÓN FOCO–TRASFONDO EN LAS ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS DEL CATALÁN Y DEL ESPAÑOL: ESTUDIO DE CORPUS
Authors: Planas-Morales Sílvia , Villalba Xavier
Published: February 2019

El catalán y el español expresan la partición foco-trasfondo (FR) de forma muy diferente (Villalba, 2007, 2011, Leonetti 2011, Planas-Morales y Villalba, 2015), especialmente en las oraciones interrogativas, en las cuales el catalán permite la dislocación a la derecha (DD) del trasfondo, en lugar de la omisión (recuperable por el clítico o la concordancia). Además, el español nunca expresa el trasfondo con la DD, sino que lo representa in situ. En esta comunicación, presentamos un estudio comparativo de corpus que demuestra que la partición FR de las oraciones interrogativas genera diferencias microparamétricas.
FRASEOLOGÍA Y FRASEODIDÁCTICA DIGITALES EN E/LE
Authors: Mura Angela
Published: February 2019

El presente trabajo pretende indagar acerca de la explotación de las TIC (Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación) en los estudios teóricos de fraseología española y en las aplicaciones didácticas para llevar esta parcela lingüística al aula de Español como Lengua Extranjera (E/LE). Exploraremos los recursos que las TIC proporcionan tanto al fraseólogo como al profesor de E/LE y plantearemos una propuesta didáctica en forma de webquest que aúna las bases teóricas y metodológicas de la fraseología y la enseñanza de lenguas.
JERARQUÍA ORACIONAL EN LA GRAMÁTICA FUNCIONAL DE LA ESCUELA DE OVIEDO
Authors: Tordera Yllescas Juan Carlos
Published: February 2019

Dentro de la gramática tradicional, la única distinción jerárquica de la oración que se ha realizado es aquella que separa el sujeto del predicado. En el funcionalismo, tampoco se ha avanzado mucho en cuanto al establecimiento de la jerarquía oracional. La única excepción reseñable es un trabajo del maestro Salvador Gutiérrez. A nuestro juicio, aunque el trabajo es minucioso y muy detalle, parte de un supuesto que difícilmente se puede sostener: la oración es una categoría sinonímica a la frase verbal. Nosotros defenderemos que la oración es una estructura bimembre, a saber, constituida por un sujeto y un predicado. Aceptando esta estructura, se tratará de ofrecer una jerarquía sintáctica que dé cuenta del distinto comportamiento que presentan los argumentos verbales, los elementos no exigidos, el sujeto y las funciones extraoracionales. Asimismo, trataremos de dar cuenta de estructuras coordinadas que, hasta el momento, han recibido poca atención y que parecen validar nuestra propuesta.
LA ATENUACIÓN COMO ESTRATEGIA PRAGMÁTICA EN EL MONÓLOGO HUMORÍSTICO SUBVERSIVO
Authors: Linares Bernabéu Esther
Published: February 2019

La presente investigación analiza la función de la atenuación en el monólogo humorístico representado por las cómicas españolas de la actualidad. Partimos de la hipótesis de que la atenuación es una de las estrategias discursivas empleadas por las cómicas que emplean un humor subversivo, ya que el uso de la atenuación en un contexto humorístico permite que el hablante pueda tratar, con mayor facilidad, temas o asuntos que en principio podrían resultar controvertidos o problemáticos. Con el objetivo de verificar tal conjetura, este estudio recoge un corpus de 15 monólogos humorísticos representados en salas y teatros españoles durante los años 2017 y 2018. La transcripción y segmentación de dichas muestras nos ha permitido extraer la frecuencia de uso de las distintas tácticas y procedimientos lingüísticos de atenuación empleados en el discurso humorístico subversivo, así como examinar las funciones que cumple la atenuación como estrategia pragmática. Los resultados obtenidos certifican que las humoristas españolas analizadas recurren a la atenuación y, por tanto, se distancian lingüísticamente del mensaje, para poder acercarse –o no alejarse demasiado– de su público.
RESULTADOS VS. REALIDAD: UN EJEMPLO EN LAS ACTITUDES LINGÜÍSTICAS
Authors: Ruiz Pareja Raquel
Published: February 2019

Este artículo presenta una revisión de parte de un estudio de investigación sobre actitudes lingüísticas: “Estudio sobre las actitudes lingüísticas en Andalucía: andaluz oriental y andaluz occidental” (Ruiz Pareja, 2015). El objetivo de este trabajo es arrojar un poco de luz sobre el contraste que existe en Sociolingüística entre las actitudes afectivas y cognitivas, que además están presentes en numerosos cuestionarios y estudios en esta disciplina. Para ello se repite parte del cuestionario original, donde parecía haber cierta contradicción entre actitudes y comportamientos. Los nuevos resultados indican que esta contradicción sigue existiendo; no obstante, ésta parece explicarse con la teoría del conocimiento implícito y explícito en Psicología y algunas hipótesis derivadas de ella.
Familias transnacionales, familias inmigrantes: reflexiones sobre su inclusión en la escuela
Authors: Fernández-Hawrylak María , Heras Sevilla Davinia
Published: February 2019

El objetivo del presente artículo es describir el impacto que las migraciones tienen en las familias a través de una revisión bibliográfica sobre migración internacional como metodología de trabajo. Se examinaron artículos publicados entre 1998 y 2014 indexados en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus. Con el análisis de los artículos seleccionados se construyó un cuerpo teórico desde el cual se presentan los conceptos de familia transnacional, feminización de la migración mundial, concepción de la paternidad, fragmentación de la familia, reagrupación familiar, así como las principales dificultades de las familias migrantes en el país de destino que dan lugar a situaciones de exclusión de los padres y de las/los niñas/os en la escuela. Entre los resultados destaca que, aunque la separación geográfica pueda generar beneficios económicos, estas familias sufren una desestabilización que crea nuevas formas de funcionamiento para mantener sus vínculos y llevar a cabo el cuidado y la educación de los hijos desde la distancia. Como conclusiones se recogen reflexiones e investigaciones en torno a la inclusión de las/los niñas/os inmigrantes en el sistema educativo, y sobre la necesidad de un compromiso con sus familias para apoyarlas en el proceso educativo.
Aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida como estrategia de envejecimiento activo. Estudio de la universidad de Mayores de Extremadura
Authors: Cambero Rivero Santiago , Díaz Galván Deborah
Published: February 2019

El aprendizaje es una facultad humana que desarrollamos continuamente mientras aprendemos, incluso antes del propio nacimiento en el útero materno. El aprendizaje como proceso no solo es formal cuando asistimos a centros de enseñanza reglada, sino que también asimilamos mediante las actividades cotidianas. Así, aprendemos a lo largo de la vida, en cualquier etapa del ciclo vital, incluso durante la vejez. 
Esta investigación expone la relación teórica y práctica entre el envejecimiento activo y el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida, como estrategia de conocimiento y adaptación al medio social, y de promoción de la autonomía personal. El trabajo empírico muestra los resultados del estudio cualitativo sobre la experiencia de aprendizaje de adultos mayores, sus actitudes, motivaciones y expectativas en la Universidad de Mayores de Extremadura (UMEX). Un programa de desarrollo científico-cultural de la Universidad de Extremadura, desde hace veinte años, que potencia el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje para la conservación y mejora de las cualidades psíquicas y físicas del alumnado sénior en esteentorno de educación no formal. La UMEX, como modelo pedagógico de práctica de aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida, ofrece beneficios cognitivos y relacionales favorables al envejecimiento activo; siendo evidente la importancia de la innovación en el aprendizaje para una vida longeva en comunidades educativasmás democráticas, inclusivas y transformadoras en la construcción de sociedades del conocimiento para todas las edades.
The rise of feathered dinosaurs:Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus, the oldest dinosaur with ‘feather-like’ structures
Authors: Cincotta Aude , Pestchevitskaya Ekaterina B. , Sinitsa Sofia M. , Markevich Valentina S. , Debaille Vinciane , Reshetova Svetlana A. , Mashchuk Irina M. , Frolov Andrei O. , Gerdes Axel , Yans Johan , Godefroit Pascal
Published: February 2019

Diverse epidermal appendages including grouped filaments closely resembling primitive feathers in non-avian theropods, are associated with skeletal elements in the primitive ornithischian dinosaurKulindadromeus zabaikalicusfrom the Kulinda locality in south-eastern Siberia. This discovery suggests that “feather-like” structures did not evolve exclusively in theropod dinosaurs, but were instead potentially widespread in the whole dinosaur clade. The dating of the Kulinda locality is therefore particularly important for reconstructing the evolution of “feather-like” structures in dinosaurs within a chronostratigraphic framework. Here we present the first dating of the Kulinda locality, combining U-Pb analyses (LA-ICP-MS) on detrital zircons and monazites from sedimentary rocks of volcaniclastic origin and palynological observations. Concordia ages constrain the maximum age of the volcaniclastic deposits at 172.8 ± 1.6 Ma, corresponding to the Aalenian (Middle Jurassic). The palynological assemblage includes taxa that are correlated to Bathonian palynozones from western Siberia, and therefore constrains the minimum age of the deposits. The new U-Pb ages, together with the palynological data, provide evidence of a Bathonian age—between 168.3 ± 1.3 Ma and 166.1 ± 1.2 Ma—forKulindadromeus. This is older than the previous Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous ages tentatively based on local stratigraphic correlations. A Bathonian age is highly consistent with the phylogenetic position ofKulindadromeusat the base of the neornithischian clade and suggests that cerapodan dinosaurs originated in Asia during the Middle Jurassic, from a common ancestor that closely looked likeKulindadromeus. Our results consequently show thatKulindadromeusis the oldest known dinosaur with “feather-like” structures discovered so far.
Time arrow in published clinical studies/trials indexed in MEDLINE: a systematic analysis of retrospective vs. prospective study design, from 1960 to 2017
Authors: Ciulla Michele M. , Vivona Patrizia
Published: February 2019

Clinical studies/trials are experiments or observations on human subjects considered by the scientific community the most appropriate instrument to answer specific research questions on interventions on health outcomes. The time-line of the observations might be focused on a single time point or to follow time, backward or forward, in the so called, respectively, retrospective and prospective study design. Since the retrospective approach has been criticized for the possible sources of errors due to bias and confounding, we aimed this study to assess if there is a prevalence of retrospective vs. prospective design in the clinical studies/trials by querying MEDLINE. Our results on a sample of 1,438,872 studies/trials, (yrs 1960–2017), support a prevalence of retrospective, respectively 55% vs. 45%. To explain this result, a random sub-sample of studies where the country of origin was reported (n = 1,576) was categorized in high and low-income based onthe nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and matched with the topic of the research. As expected, the absolute majority of studies/trials are carried on by high-income countries, respectively 86% vs. 14%; even if a slight prevalence of retrospective was recorded in both income groups, for the most part prospective studies are carried out by high-GDP countries, 85% vs. 15%. Finally, the differences in the design of the study are understandable when considering the topic of the research.
Why does decreased likeability not deter adolescent bullying perpetrators?
Authors: Garandeau Claire F. , Lansu Tessa A. M.
Published: February 2019

This study examines why the lower likeability of bullying perpetrators does not deter them from engaging in bullying behavior, by testing three hypotheses: (a) bullying perpetrators are unaware that they are disliked, (b) they value popularity more than they value likeability, (c) they think that they have nothing to lose in terms of likeability, as they believe that their targets and other classmates would dislike them anyway, regardless of their behavior. The first two hypotheses were examined in Study 1 (1,035 Dutch adolescents, M
age = 14.15) and the third hypothesis was examined in Study 2 (601 Dutch adolescents,
M
age = 12.92). Results from regression analyses showed that those higher in bullying were not more likely to overestimate their likeability. However, they were more likely than others to find being popular more important than being liked. Moreover, those higher in bullying were more likely to endorse the belief that the victimized student or the other classmates would have disliked a bullying protagonist (in vignettes of hypothetical bullying incidents) before any bullying started. These findings suggest that adolescent bullying perpetrators may not be deterred by the costs of bullying in terms of likeability, possibly because they do not value likeability that much (Hypothesis 2), and because they believe they hardly have any likeability to lose (Hypothesis 3).
Highly Carboxylated, Cellular Structured, and Underwater Superelastic Nanofibrous Aerogels for Efficient Protein Separation
Authors: Fu Qiuxia , Si Yang , Duan Cheng , Yan Zishuo , Liu Lifang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: February 2019

Chromatographic media with synchronously large protein adsorption capacity and high processing flux are highly desired in protein separation; however, the creation of such materials still faces enormous challenges. Herein, a robust strategy to develop highly carboxylated monolithic media by combining nanofibrous aerogels' forming technique and an in situ modification approach is reported. The obtained ion‐exchange nanofibrous aerogels (IENFAs) exhibit a unique cellular structure consisting of flexible ceramic nanofibers and a functional polymer wrapping layer, endowing them with outstanding underwater superelasticity and compressive fatigue resistance (nearly no plastic deformation after 1000 compressive cycles). Benefiting from the interconnected nanofibrous cellular structure, good hydrophilicity, high carboxylation, and excellent mechanical properties, the IENFAs exhibit synchronously promoted static (2.9 × 103 mg g−1) and dynamic (1.7 × 103 mg g−1) lysozyme adsorption capacities and improved buffer flux (2.17 × 104 L m−2 h−1, gravity driven), which are superior to these reported nanofibrous materials and commercial ion‐exchange membranes. The IENFAs also possess outstanding performance stability, easy operation, and excellent regenerability. Moreover, the IENFA‐packed column could directly and continuously separate lysozyme from egg white solely driven by gravity, highlighting their excellent practical application performance. This work may provide a new avenue to design and develop next‐generation high‐performance chromatographic media for bioseparation.
Electrochemical Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols with Hydrogen Phosphoryl Compounds: A Green Protocol for P−O Bond Formation
Authors: Li Qian‐Yu , Swaroop Toreshettahally R. , Hou Cheng , Wang Zi‐Qiang , Pan Ying‐Ming , Tang Hai‐Tao
Published: February 2019

This study reports the environment‐friendly electrochemical transformation of structurally diverse phosphorus compounds and alcohol into phosphonates in the presence of ammonium iodide as electrolyte and redox catalyst in acetonitrile at ambient temperature. This method for P−O bond formation exhibits remarkable features, such as transition metal‐ and oxidant‐free conditions. A reliable mechanism is proposed after control and cyclic voltammetry experiments.

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