bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of native chicken mortality/loss in the free-range system: Causes, control measures and impact to farmers at the household level, Moyamba District, Southern Sierra Leone
Authors:   School of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Njala Main Campus, Njala University, Sierra Leone., Conteh Abdulai Mahmood , Gogra Alhaji Brima ,   School of Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Njala Main Campus, Njala University, Sierra Leone.
Published: January 2024

The increase in mortality/loss of native chickens in the rural areas of Sierra Leone is posing a serious threat to the traditional chicken industry. Poultry farmers loss many chickens annually which hugely undercut their livelihood and social status. This research was therefore conducted to investigate the main causes of native chicken mortality/loss, control strategies and how it influences the livelihood of farmers in Moyamba district, Sierra Leone. The data was obtained through field survey, personal discussion and observation from randomly selected 300 participants in 6 villages. The findings revealed that 84.3% of the interviewed farmers were female while the overall illiteracy rate of the participants was 72.3%. The average number of the different livestock kept by the farmers were: 7.8 (chicken), 0.3 (duck), 0.6 (sheep), 0.2 (pig) and 3.4 (goat). 45.5% of the mortality/loss recorded from 2017-2018 was said to be caused by predators while 54.5% was caused by diseases/parasites and other factors (2017-2018). 33.0 and 32.0% of the mortality/loss occurred during the late dry and early rainy seasons while 20.0 and 15.0% occurred in the early dry and late rainy seasons respectively. Settlements along the grassland and forested areas reported a high incidence of predators while the river-line areas reported high cases of diseases/parasites. The main predators identified were hawk, red fox and eagle while Newcastle disease and lice were the most serious disease and parasites named respectively. The animal healthcare services are inadequate and therefore, traditional methods of controlling diseases/parasites and predators are widely adopted. The impact of mortality/loss to farmers at household level include low protein intake, loss of income, weak cultural/religious practices, loss of flock, food insecurity, increase in poverty and lack of job. Therefore, there is a need for effective and continuous implementation of disease/parasites control programs in the study areas by strengthening the veterinary and the extension services for better productivity and improved management practices.
A review of zoonotic pathogens of donkeys (Equus asinus)
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Surgery, Theriogenology and Medicine, Egerton University, Kenya., Ngetich Wyckliff , Chepkirui Evalyne ,   Department of Veterinary Surgery, Theriogenology and Medicine, Egerton University, Kenya.
Published: January 2024

Donkeys belong to the equine family that are generally considered as the beast of burden and have helped mankind from way back in the ancient Greek history. They are considered resilient species especially in semi-arid areas where infrastructure is poor and other animals do not do well. They are used for various functions including farm tillage, transportation of farm products, water, firewood and recreational activities that contribute immensely to agricultural economy and availability of resources to families especially those who are poverty stricken. However, despite the significant contribution of donkeys in rural agriculture system, they have been subjected to several challenges including poor husbandry practices, overworking/overloading, limited veterinary care and general negative attitudes toward this species. Since these animals are in close contact with humans, any zoonotic disease occurrence could pose a health risk. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the documented zoonotic diseases affecting donkeys and describe the possible ways on how such diseases can be transmitted to other animals and humans. From this review, most studies have been carried on parasitic, bacterial and viral diseases affecting donkeys with less emphasis on other zoonoses. Hydatidosis and toxoplasma infections are the two conditions where their zoonotic potentials have been studied more compared to the rest parasitic zoonoses. Whereas for bacterial zoonoses, brucellosis, leptospirosis and salmonellosis have been researched more in equine than other potential bacterial pathogens. However, rabies and Equine encephalomyelitis viral infection have been reported more in donkeys than any other viral zoonoses. Africa, Europe and Asia are the three continents with the highest number of publications on donkey zoonoses. Therefore, proper understanding of equine pathogens with potential to cause infections in humans is necessary so that the communities who keep these animals are educated on the prevention and control measures to reduce possible human infections.
Surgical management of gangrenous mastitis in a 3-year-old red Sokoto doe: A case report
Authors:   Department of Theriogenology and Animal Production, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto-Nigeria., Jibril Aliyu , Yakubu Abubakar Sadiq ,   Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto-Nigeria., Shehu Zaid ,   Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto-Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

Gangrenous mastitis was managed in a 3-year-old lactating doe by partial mastectomy following unsuccessful medical management. The patient had progressive swelling, hardened and dark discolouration of its left half udder. There was left supra-mammary lymphadenopathy and an open wound at the proximal portion of the affected gland. The right half of the udder appeared normal and was warm to touch. Culture and sensitivity test of a swab sample from the open wound at the base of the affected mammary gland revealed Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species which were sensitive to amoxicillin, cloxicillin, gentamicin and chlortetracycline, but resistant to penicillin and streptomycin. Mastectomy was indicated because of the chronic nature of the disease and the presence of gangrene. The procedure was carried out using a standard sterile technique, and a fenestrated drainage tube was placed. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged 14 days post-surgery. The management protocol used in this case demonstrated that unilateral mastectomy with good post-surgical management could be used for effective management of gangrenous mastitis without complications while still preserving the unaffected gland for future lactation.
Four case reports: Effects of fucoidan and fucoxanthin on the treatment of degenerative heart valve disease in dogs
Authors:   Yu-Kang Animal Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan., Tsai Chih-Hung , Chen Hsin-Yuan ,   School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan., Hsia Shih-Min ,   School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
Published: January 2024

Degenerative heart valve disease (DHVD) is the most common heart disease in dogs, especially in small breed dogs weighing less than 20 kg. The incidence in dogs over 13 years old is as high as 85%, and more than 75% of these dogs have mitral valve problems. The valve, which includes the valve leaflet, chordae, and annulus, is mutinously degenerated due to the accumulation of abnormal collagen tissue and glycosaminoglycan, and nodules are formed at the edge of the valve as the disease progresses, eventually resulting in valve insufficiency. To improve the regular treatment of DHVD, especially medication, the natural supplements fucoidan and fucoxanthin were used in this case report. Four small-breed dogs were diagnosed with heart valve disease in the Yukang Veterinary Hospital, and the veterinarian used fucoidan and fucoxanthin as nutritional supplements for the adjuvant treatment of heart valve disease. In the first three cases, it was found that the cardiac function index, including the LA/Ao ratio, significantly improved after 3 to 6 months of continuous administration. Additionally, in the case of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) heart grading below Stage B2 after treatment, valve hypertrophy improved, thinned, and flattened, which either reduced the reflux condition caused by valve insufficiency or restored the complete valve closure function. However, in Case 4, the cardiac function index was not improved after 3 to 6 months of continuous administration without the supplement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented clinical study showing that fucoidan and fucoxanthin can improve DHVD in different kinds of dogs.
नदी किनाराका माझी कवितामा सीमान्तीय प्रतिनिधित्व
Authors: ढकाल Dhakal चन्द्रप्रसाद Chandraprasad
Published: January 2024

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन मोहन कोइरालाको नदी किनाराका माझी कवितामा सीमान्तीय प्रतिनिधित्वको अवस्था चित्रण गर्नमा केन्द्रित छ । यसमा आएका माझी राज्यसत्ताको पहुँचबाट टाढा रहेका सीमान्तकृत वर्गका प्रतिनिधि पनि हुन् । यसमा सीमान्तीय प्रतिनिधित्वको विश्लेषणका लागि जातीय, वर्गीय र लैङ्गिक गरी तीन ओटा मापदण्ड निर्माण गरिएको छ । यहाँ पुस्तकालयीय कार्यबाट प्राथमिक र द्वितीय सामग्रीको सङ्कलन गरेर विश्लेषणको अवधारणा निर्माण गरी विवेच्य कृतिको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यसमा कृति विश्लेषणका नवीनतम प्रवृत्तिको प्रयोग गर्दै सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणा निर्माणका लागि निगमनात्मक र कृति विश्लेषणका क्रममा आगमनात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । अवधारणा निर्माण गर्दा कवितामा रहेको सीमान्तीय जातिलाई जातीय, निम्न वर्गका मानिसलाई वर्गीय र महिला तथा पुरुषलाई लैङ्गिक प्रतिनिधिका दृष्टिले हेरिएको छ । सीमान्तीय विश्लेषण अन्तर्गत कृति विश्लेषणका विभिन्न पक्षहरू भए पनि प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा प्रतिनिधित्वसम्बन्धी अवधारणाका आधारमा मात्र विवेच्य कृतिको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यसरी विश्लेषण गर्दा मोहन कोइरालाको नदी किनाराका माझी कवितामा माझी जाति सीमान्तीय वर्गको प्रतिनिधि भएको, माझी समुदायले अधीनस्थ वर्गको प्रतिनिधित्व गरेको र माझी, मझिनी दुबैले लैङ्गिक रूपमा सीमान्तीय वर्गको प्रतिनिधित्व गरेको हुनाले नदी किनाराका माझी सीमान्तीय वर्गको प्रतिनिधित्व भएको कविता हो भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
शैक्षिक सामग्रीको प्रयोगप्रति आधारभूत तहका शिक्षक तथा प्रधानाध्यापकको अवधारणा {Basic Level Techers’ and Headmasters’ Perceptions of the Use of Teaching Materials}
Authors: फुएल fuyal बद्रिप्रसाद Badri Prasad
Published: January 2024

यस लेखको उद्देश्य आधारभूत तहको सामुदायिक विद्यालयमा शिक्षण गर्ने शिक्षक तथा प्रधानाध्यापकहरूमा शैक्षिक सामग्रीप्रतिको अवधारण पत्ता लगाउने रहेको छ । यो अध्ययन गुणात्मक ढाँचाबाट सम्पन्न गर्ने क्रममा उत्तरदाताबाट शाब्दिक सूचना सङ्कलन गरिएको छ भने सो सूचनाको विश्लेषण पनि व्याख्यात्मक ढङ्गले नै गरिएको छ । अध्ययनका क्रममा प्राथमिक सूचना अध्ययनकर्ता स्वयम् सम्बन्धित क्षेत्रमा उपस्थित भएर नमुना छनोटमा परेका व्यक्तिहरूसँग अन्तर्वार्ता र  प्रश्नावलीको उपयोग गरी सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । त्यस्तै अध्ययनसँग सम्बन्धित लिखित रूपमा रहेका प्रकाशित तथा अप्रकाशित सामग्रीहरूबाट  द्वितीयक सूचना समेत उपयोग गरिएको छ । प्राथमिक सूचना सङ्कलन गर्न इलाम जिल्लालाई सुविधाका आधारमा छनोट गरी चिट्ठाका माध्यमद्वारा कुल २९४ वटा सामुदायिक विद्यालय मध्येबाट १२० जना शिक्षक र प्रधानाध्यापकलाई समान सम्भावनायुक्त नमुना छनोट विधिबाट छनोट गरिएको छ । अध्ययनको सिलसिलामा आएका सूचनाहरूलाई वर्गीकरण गर्दै विषयगत आधारमा विश्लेषण एवम् छलफल गरिएको छ । छनोटमा परेका सामुदायिक आधारभूत विद्यालयमा शिक्षण गर्ने शिक्षकहरू न्यूनतमभन्दा माथिल्लो शैक्षिक योग्यता हासिल गर्नाका साथै तालिमसमेत प्राप्त गरेको अवस्था हुँदाहुँदै शैक्षिक सामग्रीप्रति उनीहरूमा सकारात्मक अवधारणा साथै शिक्षणलाई प्रभावकारी बनाउने जाँगरको कमी देखिन्छ । शिक्षणमा सामग्रीको प्रयोगले समय खेर फाल्नुका साथै यसको प्रयोगबिना पनि प्रभावकारी शिक्षण गर्न सकिने धारणा राख्नु शिक्षक एवम् प्रधानाध्यापकमा नकारात्मक भावना हावी भएको देखिएको हुँदा यसलाई अनुगमन एवम् पुनर्ताजगी तालिमलाई कार्यशालाका रूपबाट सञ्चालन गरेर उनीहरूको सोचमा सकारात्मक भावनामा ल्याउनु आवश्यक देखिन्छ ।
{The major objective of this study is to explore basic level community school teachers’ and headmasters’ perceptions of teaching materials. In line with the qualitative design, the information has been collected in the verbal form and analyzed descriptively. In the course of the study, the primary information has been collected from the selected individuals by the researcher himself using the interview and the questionnaire as the research tools. Similarly, other published as well as unpublished resources have been utilized as the secondary source of information. For obtaining the primary information, Ilam district has been selected on the convenience basis, and of the total of 294 basic community schools, 120 teachers have been selected as the respondents randomly. The information collected in the course of the study has been thematized and categorized, and then discussed. The study reveals that the teachers and headmasters selected for the study have only a small degree of positive perception and less spirit for teaching even though they have higher qualifications than are required and are trained. It prevails among them that the use of teaching materials is a waste of time and that effective teaching is possible even without teaching materials, meaning ultimately that they have negative perceptions of teaching materials. Hence, it is necessary to bring about positive perceptions among them by means of monitoring and refreshers in the form of workshops.}
स्नातकोत्तर तहको नेपाली विषयको पाठ्यक्रममा लैङ्गिक चेतना {Gender Awareness in Postgraduate Level Nepali Curriculum}
Authors: ढकाल Dhakal रजनी  Rajani
Published: January 2024

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानमूलक लेख स्नातकोत्तर तह मानविकी सङ्कायको नेपाली विषयको पाठ्यक्रममा रहेका रचनामा लैङ्गिक चेतनाको विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित छ । बदिलँदो सामाजिक मूल्यमान्यता अनुसार पाठ्यक्रममा लैङ्गिक संवेदना र त्यसको चेतनाको पाटो महत्त्वपूर्ण रहेको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा स्नातकोत्तर तहको नेपाली विषयमा चयन गरिएका रचनामा रहेको लैङ्गिक चेतनाको अवस्थालाई लैङ्गिकताको सैद्धान्तिक मान्यताका आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा आधुनिक नेपाली साहित्यका आख्यान, नाटक र कविताकाव्यका पाठ्यक्रममा समाविष्ट रचनाहरूको लैङ्गिक प्रतिनिधित्व र लैङ्गिक प्रतिरोधी चेतनाका पक्षबाट अध्ययन गर्दा पाठ्यसामग्रीको गहन पठनबाट प्राप्त सामग्रीलाई विश्लेषणात्मक विधिको उपयोग गरिएको छ । स्नातकोत्तर तह नेपाली विषयको पाठ्यक्रमको विश्लेषणका क्रममा यसमा लैङ्गिक प्रतिनिधित्व र समताको अवस्था, महिला र पुरुषले निर्वाह गर्ने परम्परागत भूमिका, लैङ्गिक उत्पीडनका विरुद्धको प्रतिरोध तथा सामाजिक न्यायका दृष्टिले पाठ्यक्रममा रहेका पाठहरूको लैङ्गिक विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । पाठहरूको विश्लेषणको आधारलाई व्यवस्थित गर्न पाठको तालिकीकरण गरी उक्त तालिकाका आधारमा पाठ्यक्रमका विधाहरूको पाठपरक र विषयवस्तुपरक विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस आधारमा स्नातकोत्तर तहको नेपाली पाठ्यक्रममा प्रतिनिधित्व, सन्तुलन र समन्वयका दृष्टिले बढी मात्रामा पुरुषपक्षीय भएको निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । गुणात्मक ढाँचा अवलम्बन गरिएको यस अनुसन्धानमा लैङ्गिक संवेदना र पाठ्यक्रम तथा पाठ्यक्रममा रहेका पाठमा लैङ्गिक सन्तुलनको पक्ष समावेशी हुन नसकेको निष्कर्ष समेत प्रस्तुत अध्ययनबाट प्राप्त भएको छ ।
{This research article focuses on the analysis of gender awareness in the composition of the postgraduate level curriculum of Nepali subject in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. According to changing social values, gender sensitivity and its awareness are important in the curriculum. In this study, the status of gender consciousness in the selected works on Nepali subjects at the post-graduate level has been analyzed based on the theoretical recognition of gender. In this study, the gender representation of works within the curriculum of modern Nepali literature, including narratives, dramas, and poetry, along with gender resistance consciousness, has been examined. The material obtained from the intensive reading of textbooks was analyzed using the analytical method. During the analysis of the postgraduate-level Nepali subject curriculum, this study examined gender representation, the state of equality, traditional roles performed by women and men, resistance against gender oppression, and social justice. To organize the foundation of the textual analysis, genres of the courses were subjected to both textual and thematic analyses, using tabulation as a tool. Consequently, the conclusion was drawn that postgraduate Nepali courses exhibit a bias towards male representation, lacking balance and coordination. Within the qualitative framework of this research, it was also found that gender sensitivity and the aspect of gender balance were not incorporated into the curriculum.}
Fish Diversity of Ghodaghodi Lake Area: An Important Ramsar Wetland Site, Kailali, Far-Western, Nepal
Authors: K.C. Laba , Shrestha Santoshi , Sigdel Prakash , Chaudhary Dayaram
Published: January 2024

Fish diversity of Ghodaghodi Lake Area (Ghodaghodi and Nakhrod Lake) from April 2019 to August 2021, covering three seasons; Pre-monsoon (April 2019), Post-monsoon (February 2020), and Monsoon (July 2021) by using conventional and locally accessible fishing gears such as gill nets, cast nets and hook lines in 17 sampling points. A total of 2810 individuals with 39 species, 27 genera, 19 families, and 8 orders were documented. The most common fish species were Pethia ticto, Xenentodon cancila, Notopterus notopterus, Nandus nandus, and Pethia conchonius. The order Cypriniformes accounts for the majority of both Ghodaghodi (42%) and Nakhrod Lake (33%) respectively.  The diversity indices were found to be higher in the pre-monsoon season in both Ghodaghodi Lake (2.58) and Nakhrod Lake (1.85), whereas lower in post-monsoon (2.36) in Ghodaghodi Lake and monsoon (1.35) in Nakhrod Lake. Similarly, species richness was highest in the monsoon season (9.33) in Ghodaghodi Lake and pre-monsoon season (3.29) in Nakhrod Lake while it was lowest in the post-monsoon season (4.19), (2.25) in Ghodaghodi and Nakhrod Lake respectively. Likewise, the evenness value for Ghodaghodi and Nakhrod Lake was found to be higher in the pre-monsoon season (0.95), (0.92) and lower in the monsoon season (0.79), (0.68) in Ghodaghodi and Nakhrod Lake, respectively.
Factors Affecting Online Shopping in Birendranagar, Surkhet
Authors: K.C. Harendra
Published: January 2024

Online shopping is a rapidly growing phenomenon these days. There is no doubt that the business environment is rapidly changing today, with the involvement of media and communication technologies changing the way of interaction and persuading consumers to buy their products or change their customer choices. The study's main goal is to identify the factors influencing online shopping in Birendranagar, Surkhet. Descriptive research and casual comparative are used. The study's target population is all Birendranagar Surkhet consumers who bought their products online. To collect a sample, the convenience method is used. A structural questionnaire is used to collect responses for the survey. Ease and price factors significantly impact the purchasing behavior of all Birendranagar and Surkhet consumers who used to go far online.
Pricing Strategies of Organic Products in Surkhet Valley, Nepal
Authors: Rokaya Ammar Bahadur , Pandey Akhilesh Chandra
Published: January 2024

This study explores the pricing strategies of organic products in Surkhet Valley, Nepal. It seeks to examine how several factors, including production costs, market demand, competitor prices, distribution costs, and overall economic conditions, interact with one another. The study uses a quantitative methodology and includes 150 participants from the Surkhet Valley of Nepal, including farmers and organic products vendors. The study uses statistical tools to analyze the data gathered, concentrating on Smart PLS-4. The study finds that there is a strong relationship between important variables such as market demand, competitor prices, distribution costs, economic conditions, production costs and the price of organic products. The results highlight how important it is for companies to keep an eye on rival pricing strategies, minimize distribution expenses, and modify price strategies in reaction to shifting market dynamics. For businesses in Surkhet Valley, Nepal, to thrive sustainably, they must improve their comprehension of the factors that affect the price of organic products. The report emphasizes how crucial it is to keep production costs under control and match pricing policies to the demands of the market. It also emphasizes how important it is to monitor rival pricing, streamline distribution procedures, and maintain flexibility when modifying price tactics. Restrictions include the sample size and the exclusive focus on Surkhet Valley, which make it dangerous to extrapolate the findings to other settings. Still, the study provides a valuable starting point for businesses looking to expand sustainably in the organic product space.
Socio-cultural Practice: A Case Study on Personal Hygienic Behavior in the Hindu Society
Authors: Bista Chandra Bhakta
Published: January 2024

Hindu culture and religion has its own idea regarding what constitutes excellent physical, mental, and spiritual purity. It would be interesting to learn more about whether or not the Hindu society of today adheres to the same practices. All Hindus view maintaining personal hygiene, including cleanliness of the body, hands, clothes, hygienic toilet, and menstrual hygiene management, as a duty and a fundamental principle. Personal hygiene is considered to be a key component of Hindu society. The major objective is to comprehend the level of awareness and personal hygienic behavior in Hindu society. The study primarily takes into account two cultural and social aspects of personal hygiene. The study used hand washing behaviors, trimming and combing procedures, menstrual hygiene management, usage of safe toilet, brushing, bathing, and cleaning practices as the main areas of the study. The necessity of hygienic habits for happiness, social status, and cultural continuity was also well understood in Hindu society. More Hindus now practice personal hygiene than during the Vedic Hindu era. Hygiene habits may be improved by affecting the attitudes of the society. A social and behavior change communication approach for hygiene behaviors should be implemented by the society. The improvement of daily personal hygiene routines and behavior adjustment are required to raise a better social status and cultural practices. The Hindu community is also adopting a novel viewpoint on the connection between personal hygiene and Hindu culture.
Rebuilding Lives: Investigating the Consequences of the 2015 Earthquake on Family Dynamics and Resilience
Authors: Ghimire Dipesh Kumar
Published: January 2024

Nepal, being among the world's most disaster-prone countries, witnesses numerous fatalities resulting from calamities each year. The devastating earthquake of 2015 in Nepal claimed the lives of 8,848 individuals, left 22,307 injured, and caused the collapse of 868,042 homes. This research paper aims at delving into the repercussions of the earthquake on change in the family dynamics in Nepal. Unger and Douglas (1980) assert that families play a crucial role in facilitating adaptation to stress, providing emotional and marital support through formal and informal channels during and after disaster events. This study endeavors to ascertain the impact of the 2015 earthquake on the change in dynamics of family relationships and structures.
Pastoral Sociology and Development Paradigm in Nepal
Authors: Khan Najia
Published: January 2024

The main objective of this study is to dissect development from the prospective of pastoral sociology. It's grounded on secondary data, numerous exploration papers, sociological occasional journals, library and demonstrated accoutrements, secondary information sources have formerly been used. Pastoral Sociology plays a vital part to understand the problems and results of pastoral society especially for the developing country like Nepal. The study reveals that because of the significance of pastoral sociology the literacy and tutoring of sociology has been started in Nepal. Now in present days, institute of husbandry, institute of forestry, irrigation systems etc has been enforced in the name of pastoral sociology. There is the great part of pastoral sociologist in poverty elevation fund, planning commission, pastoral megacity, department of road and original development training center. The policy makers, political leaders, development workers should give emphasis on the literacy, tutoring and new inquiries on pastoral sociology with connecting the development. Teaching the farmers about the products appropriate in the particular farms based on the quality of soil across Nepal can help the country to develop economically and ultimately it leads every concerned one to become independent financially by exporting the local products to the most promising markets at home and beyond. The possibility of commercial agriculture can amplify the possibility of economic growth. Therefore, the interconnection between these aspects must be comprehensively understood and for this government of Nepal must take initiatives.
Erroneous Portrayal of Black National Question in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man
Authors: Khatri Tilak Bahadur
Published: January 2024

This article examines the several contradictory aspects of American society that the unnamed black protagonist of Ralph Ellison's novel Invisible Man encounters and that cause him to descend into absurdity. The study has relevance to identify and deal with the different contradictory aspects of American society. The article addresses on the research problems concerning to the protagonist's sufferings and his inability to identify the causes of his sufferings. The study deals with the research problems by applying the research approach (methodology) of historical materialism. In a class-based society, the protagonist, who is of black nationality, is a member of the working class. He is suppressed not only by white people but even by wealthy black people. He receives assistance not only from black people but also from lower-class white people. But he lacks the ability to identify friends from enemies. He wants to free himself and the entire black nationality from all forms of oppression, injustice, and inequality because he is a member of the black race. As a result, he joins the Brotherhood (the communist party), but he quickly leaves because he does not understand its tenets. He declines to join the Black Nationalist party and is unable to identify any alternative organizations that could help end the persecution of black people on a national level. Finally, he loses all hope, starts to perceive disorder around, and makes the decision to leave society. However, while living apart from society, he still sees ways to benefit it, which is an absurdist notion itself. The study reveals that the protagonist's queer theory of absurdism, which he develops at the novel's conclusion, does nothing to further the cause of repressed Afro-Americans; rather, it only serves to fuel their frustration and pessimism.
‘छिमेकीको छाता र छाडा छोराहरू’ कथामा वर्गीय सीमान्तीयता
Authors: खड्का Khadka बोमबहादुर Bombahadur
Published: January 2024

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेख महेशविक्रम शाहद्वारा लेखिएको काठमाडौँमा कामरेड (२०६८) कथासङ्ग्रहमा सङ्ग्रहीत ‘छिमेकीको छाता र छाडा छोराहरू’ कथालाई वर्गीय सीमान्तीयताको कोणबाट विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । सबाल्र्टन समालोचना सिद्धान्तले समाजमा दबिएका वा दबाइएका क्षेत्र, जाति, वर्ग, लिङ्ग, आदि व्यक्ती वा समुदायको अध्ययन गर्दछ । सबाल्टर्न शब्दको अर्थविस्तारका क्रममा सबाल्टर्नले सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक, आर्थिक, राजनीतिक, लैङ्गिक, पेसाजस्ता हरेक हिसाबले तल परेका र पारिएका वर्ग वा समूहको अध्ययन गर्दछ । यसरी प्रस्तुत कथामा रहेका म पात्र, सात भाइ छोरहरू, छिमेकी, उँचो जमिन, समथल जमिन, बाह्रैकाल बग्ने पानीको मुहान आदि सन्दर्भकै सेरोफेरोमा लेख अगाडि बढेको छ । कथामा सामन्ती र विस्तारवादी बिचारले निर्देशित म पात्रको छिमेकी जल, थल, अन्नपात, बिज्ञान प्रविधि, धनदौलत आदिले सम्पन्नशाली भएपनि ऊ म पात्रको एक रोपनी समथल भूमि र बाह्रैकाल बग्ने पानीको श्रोतमाथि  आँखा गाडि बेलाकुबेलामा बखेडा निकालेर म पात्रलाई पिरोल्छ । एक दिन छिमेकीले म पात्रलाई जग्गा उल्टोपाल्टो  देखिएकाले नयाँ नापी गर्नुपर्ला जस्तो छ, भोलि नक्सा र लालपुर्जा ल्याई उसको घरमा आउन निर्देश गर्दा म पात्रलाई चिन्ता प्रारम्भ भएको छ । छिमेकीले म पात्रप्रति गरेको कुचेष्टा र आफूमा उत्पन्न भएको चिन्ताका सम्वन्धमा छिमेकीको हुण्डी खाएर ढाडिएका आफ्ना सात भाइ छोराहरूसँग एक–एक गरी राय माग्छ । तर उनीहरूले पानीको श्रोत र समथल जमिन छिमेकीलाई जिम्मा दिँदा ठिक हुँने बिचार राखेका छन्। यसरी सात भाइ छोराहरूले छिमेकीको प्रभुत्वस्वीकरण गरि उसकै पक्षमा वकालत गरि म पात्रलाई किनारीकृत गरेको देखिएकाले विवेच्य कथा वर्गीय सीमान्तकृत कथा हो भन्ने प्रष्ट देखिएको छ ।
ANALISIS HIGHEST AND BEST USE PEMANFAATAN TANAH KOSONG DI KELURAHAN PENKASE OELETA KOTA KUPANG
Authors: Henuk Wulan Elisabeth , Tameno Nikson , Tungga Cicilia Apriliana
Published: January 2024

This study discusses and implements the Highest and Best Use (HBU) Analysis method for fixed assets under the management and ownership of the Kupang City Government in the form of unused vacant land, located in Penkase Oeleta Village, Alak District, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This type of research is a quantitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques were carried out using questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentation. This study uses the Highest and Best Use analysis to determine the most optimal type of utilization of the research object's land for four aspects which include physical aspects, legal aspects, financial aspects and maximum productivity. The results of the study show that the Highest and Best Use Analysis in terms of the physical aspect of alternative land uses as Public Warehouses, Grocery Warehouses and as Housing is possible to do, while based on legal aspects, alternative land uses as Public Warehouses and Grocery Warehouses are permitted, while use as Housing is not permitted, then based on the financial aspect of the alternative land use as a Public Warehouse meets the eligibility criteria, namely an NPV of Rp. 2,194,024,971., IRR is 18% and the highest land value is Rp. 5,398,430,092. The basic food warehouse meets the eligibility criteria, namely an NPV of Rp. 3,072,079,311., IRR is 25% and the highest land value is Rp. 9,553,342,631,. The results of the analysis show that the highest and best land value is an alternative use as a Grocery Warehouse, which is Rp. 8,741,064 per square meter or an increase in land value by 4% compared to the market value of vacant land for the research object, which is Rp. 1,993,029., per square meter. So the highest and best utilization of vacant land is the Grocery Warehouse.
BAT Techniques in Agribusiness through the Prism of Sustainable Development in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Milojević Milena , Knežević Suzana , Ignjatović Jelena
Published: January 2024

Today’s climatic, ecological, and social challenges impose pres­sure on decision-makers to provide systemic solutions in all areas of busi­ness, including agribusiness. The changes that take place within the do­mestic regulatory framework need to be harmonized with the internation­al legal framework of the sustainable development of the European Union. This will directly affect new solutions for achieving the goals of sustainable development. Modern livestock farms imply the use of modern agricultur­al mechanization following BAT techniques. The application of the princi­ples of BAT techniques should be included in all stages of the production process on the farm. This includes planning, operation, maintenance as well and closing the farm according to acceptable technical and economic con­ditions, all to achieve the highest possible level of environmental protection. This work aims to point out the importance of BAT techniques in agribusi­ness through the prism of sustainable development in the Republic of Ser­bia. The first part of the paper analyzes the impact of global trends on agri­business in Serbia. The second part indicates the importance of applying BAT techniques for sustainable development, while the third part of the pa­per examines the possibility of applying BAT techniques from the aspect of animal husbandry.
Analysis of the Number of People Employed in Research and Development in the Countries of the European Union in the Period 2011 – 2020
Authors: Hurbánková Ľubica
Published: January 2024

The paper deals with the analysis of the number of people em­ployed in research and development. The aim is to find out how R&D em­ployment is doing in EU countries and what changes have occurred between 2011 and 2020. We will specifically analyze the number of scientific employ­ees using the FTE (full-time equivalent) indicator. In recent years, the number of researchers in the European Union has in­creased – in 2011 there were 1.38 million (full-time equivalent), in 2020 their number grew to 1.89 million, which is an increase of 36.96%. In Greece and Hungary, the number of researchers almost doubled during the observation period. Using the contribution method, we found that the highest increase in researchers in 2020 compared to 2011 was in Poland, 94.28% and the lowest was in Finland, 4.26%. Germany had the largest share in the total number of researchers in 2011 (24.62%), which contribut­ed with the highest share, 8.23%, to the total increase (37.59%). The value of Suslov´s structural similarity coefficient (0.0045) confirmed that the changes in the structure were minimal and the structure of the number of researchers in each EU country differed only slightly in 2011 and 2020.
Quality of Employment: Statistical Review on Safety and Ethics at Work in Serbia
Authors: Banjević Koviljka , Gardašević Dragana
Published: January 2024

Quality of employment is a multidimensional concept with mul­tiple importance. Its meaning and components may be varied and depend on an evaluator. The literature abounds with examples of different indica­tors for measuring the quality of employment, but the authors use the indi­cators developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe for this paper. The authors` main idea is to investigate all indicators of quality of employment, but the study would be large in scope. Regarding the previous, in this paper focus is on the indicators of one dimension – Safety and ethics at work. Data were collected from national and European sources, and by applying descriptive statistics actual situation in Serbia is systematically pre­sented. Obtained data could be interesting for employees, employers, and in­dividuals, as well as for present and future research.
Comparison of Selected Indicators of Higher Education Financing in Slovakia in Disruptive Times
Authors: Országhová Dana , Farkašová Mária
Published: January 2024

Universities are scientific-pedagogical institutions where teaching and research take place, and outputs of tertiary education are qualified gradu­ates for the needs of social practice in the labour market. In Slovakia, the subsi­dy for wages and insurance premiums is the largest part of the financial subsidy provided from the state budget for universities, which is earmarked. Since 2011, this subsidy has been derived from the performance of a specific university, which is quantitatively expressed based on the number of students, the imple­mented teaching and outputs of publication and project activities. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the development of selected indicators in the context of the financing of higher education institutions in Slovakia. Research data were collected from various sources; data available in the DataCube da­tabase and from the schedules of subsidies of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic for universities. Data on universities, their financing and uni­versity teachers’ salary conditions were evaluated using methods of time se­ries analysis with the prediction of development in the future. Findings indicat­ed changes associated with the efficiency in the utilization of monetary assets at universities. Analyses also include current years, which are referred to as dis­ruptive times and are characterized by global economic problems.
Application of the Internet in Teaching about the Environment
Authors: Kurpejović Jasmina , Skenderović Ibro , Aljković-Kadrić Suada
Published: January 2024

The usage of the internet is increasing very fast and it is expected that it will continue to grow as it becomes a common means of everyday life. This paper deals with questions such as how much time and for what purposes children use the internet and digital technology, as well as how much it is used for educational purposes. It seems that children spend less and less time outside, in parks and playgrounds. There are pros and cons to everything, so using media and the internet in the right way can make our lives a lot easier as there are many good sides to it. Losing control over the internet and media usage can bring us into the vicious circle of negative circumstances of contemporary technology. This is why it is very important to monitor children’s activity on the internet but at the same time to keep up with contemporary technology development.
People with Schizophrenia Out of Social Isolation: A Didactic Perspective to Increase the New Well-Being
Authors: Galbusera Barbara
Published: January 2024

The outcome of this pedagogical interview conducted in a Day Care Service found that the pandemic from COVID-19 favored in a group of schizophrenia people social isolation, a flattening of interests, and an in­crease in additional anxiolytic drug therapy. Thanks to an educational ac­tivity carried out with a group of patients who showed before the pandem­ic period a common interest in watching films, an educational path has been structured that, after six months, allowed them to decrease the need for anx­iolytic therapy, resume old hobbies, going out of home and rekindle relation­ships in the context of belonging. The positive results of this experience un­derline how, in the treatment paths, it is important to encourage education­al interventions to allow patients with schizophrenia to improve their self-be­ing in the world (also reducing the need for support from national health ser­vice professionals to access the living environment) and to become an active member of the community.
“Starry” Gastronomy. Michelin Stars
Authors: Man Carmen Mihaela , Slave Camelia
Published: January 2024

Just like the Grammy Awards for music, the restaurant industry also has a star of recognition and that is the Michelin star. The dream of any chef is not necessarily to cook the best food but to have it appreciated by as many people as possible. And the appreciation doesn’t come anyway but through a really special distinction: one star, two… or even three. We are, of course, talking about the famous Michelin stars which distinguish the best restaurants in the world. But how many know the story of the Michelin Guide, this Oscar of restaurants, and how it c ame to be made by a tire manufacturer?
Rebalancing Portfolios in Periods of Stress in the Global Economy: Capital Markets vs. WTI, XAU, XAG, XPT
Authors: Horta Nicole , Chambino Mariana , Dias Rui
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this paper is to estimate whether portfolio diversifi­cation is feasible in the capital markets of the Netherlands (AEX), France (CAC 40), Germany (DAX 30), Canada (FTSE 100), Italy (FTSE MIB), Spain (IBEX 35), Russia (IMOEX), and the commodities oil (WTI), silver (XAG), gold (XAU), and platinum (XPT) from January 1st, 2018, to December 31st, 2022. The goal of this analysis is to answer the following question, namely to know if: i) the 2020 and 2022 events accentuated the integration between capital markets and commodities (WTI), silver (XAG), gold (XAU), and platinum (XPT)? The results show that during the Tranquil period, the markets present 41 integrations (in 110 possible), with the French price index (CAC 40) integrating the most with its peers, with 8 integrations (in 10 possible), while the commodities markets present the lowest integrations, with silver (XAG) presenting the most relevant number of integrations (2 in 10 possible) and platinum (XPT) showing only 1 integration (in 10 possible). Oil (WTI) and gold (XAU) have not integrated with any of their peers during this period of tranquillity. During the period of the 2020 and 2022 events, there were 60 integrations in 110 possible. According to the results and when compared to the previous sub-period, the capital mar­kets maintained/decreased the same number of integrations with their peers. Silver (XAG) and platinum (XPT) also showed an increase in the number of in­tegrations. XAG exhibited 5 integrations (out of a possible 10), whereas plat­inum (XPT) had 7 integrations (out of 10 possible). Gold (XAU) was the only commodity that remained completely segmented from both the capital mar­kets and the commodities under consideration. To answer the diversification question, there is evidence that the gold market (XAU) exhibits safe-haven characteristics during the 2020 and 2022 events; these findings are relevant for individual and institutional investors operating in these financial markets.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF PARTICIPANTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF BERDIANSK STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY: THE RESULTS OF THE MONITORING STUDY
Authors:   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, CHEREZOVA I.
Published: January 2024

Розглянуто питання, присвячені проблематиці вивчення психологічного стану учасників освітнього процесу. Здійснено порівняльний та структурний аналіз викладеного матеріалу. Зазначено, що дослідження психічних станів людини в умовах воєнного часу є актуальною проблемою сучасної психологічної науки і практики. Акцентовано, що проблема психологічного супроводу та допомоги учасників освітнього процесу в період воєнного часу є одним із основних пріоритетів державної політики у сфері освіти. Зазначено, що Міністерство освіти і науки України є ініціатором низки заходів щодо застосування сучасного науково обґрунтованого підходу в наданні психологічної допомоги учасникам освітнього процесу, які страждають від російської агресії. Визначено сучасний стан і тенденції розвитку зазначеної проблеми. Відстежуються різні підходи до тлумачення цього психологічного феномену. Встановлено, що чинники соціальної дійсності впливають на психічні стани особистості через систему конкретних життєвих мікросоціальних умов, серед яких особливе місце посідають умови життєдіяльності: ступінь задоволення особистих потреб, система сталих взаємин тощо. Підкреслюється, що необхідність вивчення психічних станів людини пов’язана з використанням системного підходу до їх опису та аналізу. Проаналізовано результати експериментального дослідження психологічного стану учасників освітнього процесу Бердянського державного педагогічного університету в умовах війни. Доведено негативну тенденцію в загальному психоемоційному стані та зростання інтенсивності ряду окремих станів, які можна трактувати як маркери режиму життєдіяльності людини в реаліях сьогодення. Надано методичні рекомендації щодо гармонізації стану психологічного здоров’я в умовах війни. Акцентовано увагу на необхідності психологічної підтримки всіх учасників освітнього процесу. Зроблено висновок, що нагальною потребою є виявлення станів, що утворюють комплекси та мають стійке вираження на всіх рівнях життєдіяльності особистості. Зазначено, що врахування особливостей структури комплексів психічних станів та особистісних характеристик у певному виді діяльності деталізує причини порушень діяльності, дозволяє цілеспрямовано застосовувати засоби психокорекційного впливу та забезпечує ефективне надання психологічної підтримки всім учасникам освітнього процесу. Ключові слова: психічний стан, стрес, моральний стан, виснаження, здобувачі вищої освіти, учасники освітнього процесу, заклад вищої освіти.
ІСТОРИЧНІ ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ТА ПРОПОЗИЦІЇ ЩОДО РОЗВИТКУ ДВОМОВНОГО (БАГАТОМОВНОГО) НАВЧАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ НА ОСНОВІ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО ДОСВІДУ
Authors:   Глухівський національний педагогічний університет імені Олександра Довженка, ZAYTSEVA N.
Published: January 2024

У статті висвітлено історичні передумови розвитку двомовного (багатомовного) навчання в Україні. Визначено цілі та принципи державної мовної політики України, окреслено закони про функціонування мов. На основі результатів здійсненого дослідження обґрунтовано пропозиції щодо розвитку дво(багатомовного) навчання в нашій країні на основі європейського досвіду. Основні напрями можна представити на декількох рівнях: освітньо-адміністративному, концептуальному, регіональному, науково-методичному, шкільному, індивідуальному. На освітньо-адміністративному рівні треба забезпечити підтримку освітніх ініціатив з розвитку двомовності (багатомовності) на державному, регіональному рівнях з метою збереження наявного мовно-культурного спадку і подальшої інтеграції в європейський та світовий освітній простір, забезпечити реалізацію державної мовної політики в системі освіти з урахуванням регіональних особливостей, забезпечити підготовку двомовних фахівців. На концептуальному рівні треба вдосконалити концептуальні засади двомовного (багатомовного) навчання з урахуванням західноєвропейського досвіду та національних особливостей, вимог ринку праці та українського соціуму. На науково-методичному рівні: вивчити зарубіжний досвід різноманітних технологій двомовного (багатомовного) навчання і провести експериментальну перевірку їх застосування в українській освіті, сформувати навчальне середовище нової якості завдяки використанню наявних у країнах Європи відкритих освітніх ресурсів. На шкільному рівні: заохочувати до диверсифікації навчання мов у школах, запровадити процес інтеграції курикулуму з мовних предметів, забезпечити методичну підтримку. На індивідуальному рівні: застосовувати наявний в учнів, студентів досвід вивчення мов, сприяти розвитку мовних здібностей, формувати звичку і потребу опановувати мови впродовж життя тощо. Ключові слова: двомовне навчання, історичні передумови розвитку двомовного (багатомовного) навчання, пропозиції щодо розвитку двомовного (багатомовного) навчання, мовне законодавство України, принципи державної мовної політики, двомовна (багатомовна) комунікативна компетентність.
Analisis Pengaruh Kurs Rupiah dan Tingkat Inflasi Terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan: Literature Review Manajemen Keuangan
Authors: Hasnawi Muhammad Imam , Eka Andi Primafira Bumandava , Nafiah Zumrotun , Dulame Irma Marie , Tahirs Jemi Pabisangan
Published: January 2024

Inflasi menyebabkan timbulnya sejumlah biaya sosial yang harus ditanggung oleh masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh Kurs Rupiah dan Tingkat Inflasi Terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan. Metode dalam artikel ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan studi literature atau Library Research. Tujuan artikel ini adalah menganalisis teori-teori yang ada dengan melihat perbandiangannya pada teorinya pada literatur hasil penelitian. Artikel ini membahas dan menganalisis secara teori berdasar hasil penelitian sebelumnya tentang Hubungan Laba Bersih dan Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan. Literatur yang digunakan adalah literatur dari hasil penelitian atau kajian yang disajikan dalam artikel ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan (1) Kurs Rupiah berpengaruh terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan. (2) Tingkat Inflasi berpengaruh terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan.
Pengaruh Pelatihan Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Saitama Stamping Indonesia Di KIIC
Authors: Rochman Akbar Saeful , Sungkono Sungkono , Karnama Maman Mulya
Published: January 2024

The research aims to determine how training, work discipline and employee performance at PT Saitama Stamping Indonesia, determine the effect of training on employee performance and the influence of work discipline on employee performance at PT Saitama Stamping Indonesia. The method used is descriptive and verifiative with a population of 420 employees of PT Saitama Stamping Indonesia. A sample of 81 respondents was taken by the Slovin method. Analysis using SEM with the help of SmartPLS. The results showed that training was in the fairly high category, work discipline was in the high category, and employee performance was in the high category. Training has a positive and significant influence on employee performance at PT Saitama Stamping Indonesia and work discipline has a positive and significant influence on employee performance at PT Saitama Stamping Indonesia.

Keywords: Training, Work Discipline and Employee Performance.