bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heir presence? The impact of offspring gender composition on long-term agricultural investment behavior
Authors: Chen Pengyu , Zhang Lu , Ruiz-Menjivar Jorge
Published: February 2025

In rural China, male offspring are traditionally regarded as the primary heirs of household assets, particularly land. This study examines the impact of offspring gender composition on long-term agricultural investment behavior, using commercial organic fertilizer application as an example of a strategic long-term investment in farmland. Based on cross-sectional data from 4090 rice farming households across 10 cities (counties) in Hubei province, collected between 2021 and 2023, this analysis identifies three key findings. First, the absence of male offspring significantly reduces long-term agricultural investments, a result that remains robust even when addressing potential endogeneity biases using instrumental variable techniques. Second, households without male heirs exhibit stronger present-oriented preferences and diminished social capital, which further hinder long-term agricultural investments. Third, the negative impact of not having male offspring is more pronounced when the current agricultural decision-maker is male and when land marketization is underdeveloped. These findings underscore the complex interplay between gender norms and agricultural behavior, revealing significant socioeconomic implications of inheritance practices. The study provides insights into addressing these challenges by emphasizing the importance of promoting gender equality and advancing land marketization to enhance equitable land use and support long-term agricultural investment.
Utilising Generative AI in the Classics classroom
Authors: Peddar David
Published: February 2025

The place Generative AI (Gen AI) has within education and schooling has been subject to much scrutiny. Its ever-evolving and growing nature has left many educators and other stakeholders scrambling with questions about how to adapt its approach, methodology and place within the classroom. Gen AI has also been shown to have particularly efficacy in the area of Classical languages teaching. It also has challenges (Ross, 2023). The following paper explores a proactive approach to utilising Gen AI technology and programs within a Latin classroom NESA Stage 4-5/ MYP Years 1-3 in Australia (ages 11-16) (NESA: New South Wales Education Standards Authority. MYP: Middle Years Programme). It also develops some approaches to facilitate students’ reflection so as to improve their understanding of the uses and abuses of Gen AI platforms in their own learning.
Extreme Space Weather Events of the Past 30 Years: Preparation for Data From Mission Vigil
Authors: Majirský Adam , Mackovjak Šimon , Kostárová Silvia , Amrich Samuel
Published: February 2025

Extreme Space Weather events can negatively affect ground‐based infrastructure and satellite communications. European Space Agency plans to launch a new operational mission, Vigil, to monitor space weather activity and provide timely warnings about immediate danger. In this work, we have identified 24 instruments that have already acquired data on 8 space missions and are similar to instruments planned for mission Vigil. We then selected the 39 most extreme space weather events that affected the Earth in the past 30 years and gathered Vigil‐like data for them. The objective of this work and our main motivation was to address the following question: “How would Vigil have observed extreme space weather events if it had been operational during those events?” For this reason, we prepared a pipeline for the community to obtain images and in‐situ measurements for these specific periods, allowing straightforward applications for the follow‐up data‐driven studies. This effort could maximize Vigil's potential. Additionally, we studied the sources of extreme space weather events and the time it took for solar plasma to reach Earth's magnetosphere. This analysis demonstrates the utilization of the gathered data set and provides interesting insights into the most hazardous space events that influenced society in recent decades.
In Situ Evidence of Ionospheric Feedback Instability Adjacent to a Quiescent Auroral Arc
Authors: Greene Kenton , Miles David M. , Bounds Scott R. , Bonnell John W. , Feltman Connor , Roglans Roger , Streltsov Anatoly
Published: February 2025

The ACES‐II Low sounding rocket, which launched from Andøya Space Center in Andenes, Norway, on 20 November 2022, made low altitude observations consistent with characteristics of the Ionosphere Feedback Instability (IFI) as it traversed a quiet, discrete auroral arc. Small scale Alfvénic signatures are observed in regions of depleted ionospheric plasma density, large perpendicular ionospheric electric fields, and matched Pedersen and Alfvén conductivities—all observational preconditions required for the formation of the IFI. These signatures are consistent with those of standing Alfvén wave modes in the ionospheric resonant cavity driven by the IFI. The observed Alfvénic structures are correlated with small scale perturbations in the background plasma density. The observed features are similar to the predictions of recent numerical simulations of resonant Alfvén waves generated by the IFI. These observations suggest that the IFI mechanism plays a role in the formation and structuring of this discrete auroral arc.
Can We Constrain Geographical Variability in the Biological Carbon Pump's Transfer Efficiency From Observations?
Authors: Rufas A. , Khatiwala S. , Bisson K. M. , Martin A. P. , Bouman H. A.
Published: February 2025

The biological carbon pump (BCP) transfers large amounts of carbon from the atmosphere into the ocean's interior, contributing to carbon sequestration. Studies on latitudinal variability in organic carbon transfer to depth have yielded inconsistent results, likely due to methodological differences. To address this, we compiled particulate organic carbon (POC) flux data and BCP metrics from time‐series locations across biogeographically distinct ocean regions. We integrated multiple BCP observational techniques, including diverse collection and processing protocols, capturing diverse facets of POC flux at varying spatio‐temporal resolutions. To ensure comparability, we harmonized errors and used Monte Carlo error propagation to calculate uncertainties consistently. Our analysis reveals large local uncertainties that obscure expected latitudinal variations in BCP metrics. While such variations may exist, they remain difficult to identify with current observational data. Our findings underscore the need for sustained POC flux observations, standardization of protocols, and intercalibration of technologies to identify geographic BCP patterns.
Asynchronous Poleward Migration of the Atlantic Subtropical Gyres Over the Past 22,000 years
Authors: Pinho Tainã M. L. , Yang Hu , Lohmann Gerrit , Portilho‐Ramos Rodrigo C. , Chiessi Cristiano M. , Bahr Andre , Nürnberg Dirk , Repschläger Janne , Shi Xiaoxu , Tiedemann Ralf , Mulitza Stefan
Published: February 2025

By exchanging huge amounts of heat between the tropics and high latitudes, subtropical gyres significantly impact Earth's energy balance. Yet, their dynamical changes during the last deglaciation remain poorly understood. Here, nine records of the planktonic foraminiferal species Globorotalia truncatulinoides, that inhabits the permanent deep thermocline of subtropical gyres, are used to explore the meridional migration of both the North and South Atlantic subtropical gyres (NASG and SASG, respectively) in the past 22,000 years. We find that both gyres migrated poleward, with the SASG migration 1,500 years earlier than the NASG. Records from the North Atlantic Ocean indicate that the NASG's northern boundary has shifted over 6°. Climate model simulations suggest that these migrations are coupled with shifts in meridional temperature gradients. The poleward migration of the Atlantic subtropical gyres was crucial for sustaining a milder modern high‐latitude climate in comparison with that of the last ice age.
Lateral Fluxes Drive Basal Melting Beneath Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, West Antarctica
Authors: Davis Peter E. D. , Nicholls Keith W. , Holland David M. , Schmidt Britney E. , Washam Peter , Castro Bieito Fernández , Riverman Kiya L. , Smith James A. , Anker Paul G. D. , Mullen Andrew D. , Dichek Daniel , Clyne Elisabeth , Makinson Keith
Published: February 2025

Thwaites Glacier is one of the fastest‐changing ice‐ocean systems in Antarctica. Basal melting beneath Thwaites' floating ice shelf, especially around pinning points and at the grounding line, sets the rate of ice loss and Thwaites' contribution to global sea‐level rise. The rate of basal melting is controlled by the transport of heat into and through the ice–ocean boundary layer toward the ice base. Here we present the first turbulence observations from the grounding line of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf. We demonstrate that contrary to expectations, the turbulence‐driven vertical flux of heat into the ice–ocean boundary layer is insufficient to sustain the basal melt rate. Instead, most of the heat required must be delivered by lateral fluxes driven by the large‐scale advective circulation. Lateral processes likely dominate beneath the most unstable warm‐cavity ice shelves, and thus must be fully incorporated into parameterizations of ice shelf basal melting.
Versatile on-chip polarization-sensitive detection system for optical communication and artificial vision
Authors: Liu Zhilin , Liu Mingxiu , Qi Liujian , Zhang Nan , Wang Bin , Sun Xiaojuan , Zhang Rongjun , Li Dabing , Li Shaojuan
Published: February 2025

Polarization is an important attribute of light and can be artificially modulated as a versatile information carrier. Conventional polarization-sensitive photodetection relies on a combination of polarizing optical elements and standard photodetectors, which requires a substantial amount of space and manufacturing expenses. Although on-chip polarized photodetectors have been realized in recent years based on two-dimensional (2D) materials with low-symmetry crystal structures, they are limited by the intrinsic anisotropic property and thus the optional range of materials, the operation wavelength, and more importantly, the low anisotropic ratio, hindering their practical applications. In this work, we construct a versatile platform that transcends the constraints of material anisotropy, by integrating WSe2-based photodetector with MoS2-based field-effect transistor, delivering high-performance broadband polarization detection capability with orders of magnitude improvement in anisotropic ratio and on/off ratio. The polarization arises from hot electron injection caused by the plasmonic metal electrode and is amplified by the transistor to raise the anisotropic ratio from 2 to an impressive value over 60 in the infrared (IR) band, reaching the level of existing applications. Meanwhile, the system achieves a significant improvement in photosensitivity, with an on/off ratio of over 103 in the IR band. Based on the above performance optimization, we demonstrated its polarization-modulated IR optical communication ability and polarized artificial vision applications with a high image recognition accuracy of ~99%. The proposed platform provides a promising route for the development of the long-sought minimized, high-performance, multifunctional optoelectronic systems.
FAM210B activates STAT1/IRF9/IFIT3 axis by upregulating IFN-α/β expression to impede the progression of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gao Xuejuan , Huang Donglan , Liu Ying , Zhang Gui , Zheng Xiaofen , Guan Baiye , Chen Aiwen , Wu Jiayao , Luo Shi-Ming , Liu Zonghua , Chen Luxuan , Liu Xiaohui , Jin Jingjie , Yin Xingfeng , Sun Zhenghua , Zhang Yunfang , Lu Meizhi , Zhang Gong , Liu Wanting , Liu Langxia
Published: February 2025

FAM210B (family with sequence similarity 210 member B) is a novel protein that has been linked to tumor development. However, its role and underlying mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression remain largely unexplored. In this study, FAM210B was observed to be down-regulated in LUAD cells. Analyses of public datasets revealed that decreased expression of FAM210B predicts poor survival. Accordingly, in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed the inhibitory role of FAM210B on the growth and tumor metastasis of LUAD cells. RNA-seq analysis further indicated that FAM210B plays a role in regulating innate immune-related signaling pathways in LUAD cells, particularly involving the production of type I interferon (IFN-α/β). Specifically, FAM210B activates STAT1/IRF9/IFIT3 axis by upregulating IFN-α/β expression, leading to the inhibition of proliferation and migration of LUAD cells. Furthermore, TOM70 (Translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70, also named as TOMM70) has been identified as a functional interacting partner of FAM210B in its modulation on the expression of IFN-α/β, as well as the proliferative and metastatic phenotypes of LUAD cells. In conclusion, our study indicates that FAM210B is an important suppressor of cellular viability and mobility during lung cancer progression.
Diffusion-programmed catalysis in nanoporous material
Authors: Panda Suvendu , Maity Tanmoy , Sarkar Susmita , Manna Arun Kumar , Mondal Jagannath , Haldar Ritesh
Published: February 2025

In the realm of heterogeneous catalysis, the diffusion of reactants into catalytically active sites stands as a pivotal determinant influencing both turnover frequency and geometric selectivity in product formation. While accelerated diffusion of reactants can elevate reaction rates, it often entails a compromise in geometric selectivity. Porous catalysts, including metal-organic and covalent organic frameworks, confront formidable obstacles in regulating reactant diffusion rates. Consequently, the chemical functionality of the catalysts typically governs turnover frequency and geometric selectivity. This study presents an approach harnessing diffusion length to achieve improved selectivity and manipulation of reactant-active site residence time at active sites to augment reaction kinetics. Through the deployment of a thin film composed of a porous metal-organic framework catalyst, we illustrate how programming reactant diffusion within a cross-flow microfluidic catalytic reactor can concurrently amplify turnover frequency (exceeding 1000-fold) and enhance geometric selectivity ( ~ 2-fold) relative to conventional nano/microcrystals of catalyst in one-pot reactor. This diffusion-programed strategy represents a robust solution to surmount the constraints imposed by bulk nano/microcrystals of catalysts, marking advancement in the design of porous catalyst-driven organic reactions.
Recent centennial drought on the Tibetan Plateau is outstanding within the past 3500 years
Authors: Liu Yu , Song Huiming , An Zhisheng , Li Qiang , Leavitt Steven W. , Büntgen Ulf , Cai Qiufang , Liu Ruoshi , Fang Congxi , Sun Changfeng , Treydte Kerstin , Ren Meng , Mo Lidong , Song Yi , Cai Wenju , Zhang Quan , Zhou Weijian , Bräuning Achim , Grießinger Jussi , Chen Deliang , Linderholm Hans W. , Sinha Ashish , Cheng Hai , Wang Lu , Lei Ying , Sun Junyan , Gong Wei , Li Xuxiang , Cui Linlin , Ning Liang , Wan Lingfeng , Crowther Thomas W. , Zohner Constantin M.
Published: February 2025

Given growing concerns about global climate change, it is critical to understand both historical and current shifts in the hydroclimate, particularly in regions critically entwined with global circulation. The Tibetan Plateau, the Earth’s largest and highest plateau, is a nexus for global atmospheric processes, significantly influencing East Asian hydroclimate dynamics through the synergy of the Asian Monsoon and the Westerlies. Yet, understanding historical and recent hydroclimate fluctuations and their wide-ranging ecological and societal consequences remains challenging due to short instrumental observations and partly ambiguous proxy reconstructions. Here, we present a precisely-dated 3476-year precipitation reconstruction derived from tree-ring δ18O data on the Tibetan Plateau, representing one of the few multi-millennia-long annually-resolved terrestrial δ18O records to date. Our findings reveal that the 20th century drought extremes are severe within the past three millennia, and likely linked to the weakening of both the Asian Monsoon and Westerlies due to anthropogenic aerosol emissions. Additionally, our analyses identified three distinct stages (110 BC–AD 280, AD 330–770 and AD 950–1300) characterized by shifts toward arid hydroclimate conditions, corresponding to significant social unrest and dynasty collapses, which underscores the potential societal impacts of severe hydroclimatic shifts.
Spatial transcriptomics identifies molecular niche dysregulation associated with distal lung remodeling in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Vannan Annika , Lyu Ruqian , Williams Arianna L. , Negretti Nicholas M. , Mee Evan D. , Hirsh Joseph , Hirsh Samuel , Hadad Niran , Nichols David S. , Calvi Carla L. , Taylor Chase J. , Polosukhin Vasiliy. V. , Serezani Ana P. M. , McCall A. Scott , Gokey Jason J. , Shim Heejung , Ware Lorraine B. , Bacchetta Matthew J. , Shaver Ciara M. , Blackwell Timothy S. , Walia Rajat , Sucre Jennifer M. S. , Kropski Jonathan A. , McCarthy Davis J. , Banovich Nicholas E.
Published: February 2025

Large-scale changes in the structure and cellular makeup of the distal lung are a hallmark of pulmonary fibrosis (PF), but the spatial contexts that contribute to disease pathogenesis have remained uncertain. Using image-based spatial transcriptomics, we analyzed the gene expression of 1.6 million cells from 35 unique lungs. Through complementary cell-based and innovative cell-agnostic analyses, we characterized the localization of PF-emergent cell types, established the cellular and molecular basis of classical PF histopathologic features and identified a diversity of distinct molecularly defined spatial niches in control and PF lungs. Using machine learning and trajectory analysis to segment and rank airspaces on a gradient of remodeling severity, we identified compositional and molecular changes associated with progressive distal lung pathology, beginning with alveolar epithelial dysregulation and culminating with changes in macrophage polarization. Together, these results provide a unique, spatially resolved view of PF and establish methods that could be applied to other spatial transcriptomic studies.
Maximizing temperature sensitivity in a one-dimensional photonic crystal thermal sensor
Authors: Maher Manal A. , Aly Arafa H. , Esmail Mohamed S. , El-Ghany S. E.-S. Abd
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses on a defective one-dimensional photonic crystal thermal sensor with fabricated layers of gallium nitride, glycerin, and air. The transmission features of this sensor have been presented based on the transfer matrix approach using MATLAB software. Interest in the sensor’s sensitivity to temperature variation is for the sake of the photonic bandgap behavior of the 1D photonic crystal and the thermo-optic effect of glycerin must be preserved over a long time in protecting archaeological artifacts. In this direction, theoretical modeling together with numerical simulation studies are conducted to optimize the refractive index of GaN to enhance sensitivity. This work is going to evaluate the performance of the sensor in terms of the shift in the transmission spectrum of the sensor with the imposition of changes in temperature. The effect of the thickness of the defect layer together with the incident angle on the performance of the sensor will be discussed further. Sensor sensitivities are about 10 nm/°C, with a quality factor reaching a high value of 35,443 at an incident angle of 30°, while sensitivities at an incident angle of 65° have 20 nm/°C and a quality factor of 14,723.
General public takes up counterintuitive expert advice on effective climate action
Authors: Jarke-Neuert Johannes , Perino Grischa , Flörchinger Daniela , Frondel Manuel
Published: February 2025

Individual voluntary climate action could contribute to closing the gap between global emission targets and the instruments in place. However, complex regulatory frameworks make it difficult for individuals to understand which actions align with their goals. Expert advice might provide guidance, but it is not trivial how detailed the advice should be. In a large consequential choice experiment with five informational load conditions, this paper uses the voluntary cancellation of European Union Allowances as an application to narrow down a minimum amount of information required to induce effective actions. We find a clear pattern of advice being processed and followed, even if it includes a demanding level of detail and counters prior convictions. Moreover, a mere assertion is highly effective already. These results are good news for efforts to increase the effectiveness of voluntary climate action.
Corrosion and degradation behavior of MCSTE-Processed AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Abdelfattah Khaled B. , Abbas Marwa A. , El-Garaihy Waleed H. , Mohamed Adel M. A. , Salem Hanadi G.
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate the impact of multi-channel spiral twist extrusion (MCSTE) on the corrosion and degradation properties of biodegradable AZ31 (Mg-3Al-1Zn, wt.%) magnesium alloy. Square AZ31 billets were processed using route C-MCSTE (with a 180° rotation between passes) at 250°C and with a ram speed of 10 mm/min for up to 8 passes. The extrusion process was conducted via dies with twist angles of 30° and 40°. The microstructural changes and grain size distribution in the alloy were determined with a Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with Electron Backscatter Diffraction. Electrochemical tests were conducted in a simulated body fluid to model the environment in which medical implants operate. The mechanical properties of the alloy were tested before and after processing using compression tests. The billets processed with a 30° twist angle demonstrated superior mechanical and corrosion resistance compared to those processed with a 40° die. A 66% reduction in grain size was found in billets processed for 4 passes using the 30°-die as compared to the as-annealed condition. Billets processed for 4 and 8 passes showed ultimate compressive strength improvements of 23% and 31%, respectively compared to the as-annealed condition. The 8-pass processed sample using the 30° twist ring die showed 76% improvement in the corrosion rate compared to the as-annealed state. Furthermore, billets processed for 4 passes showed corrosion resistance and ultimate compressive strength improvements of 108% and 23%; respectively compared to the as-annealed condition. These findings imply that the developed MCSTE process can be adopted for industrial use, especially in the manufacturing of biodegradable magnesium alloys for medical implants.
Nitrogen enrichment and vascular plant richness loss reduce bryophyte richness
Authors: Lin Maeve , Bergamini Ariel , Pichon Noémie A. , Allan Eric , Boch Steffen
Published: February 2025

Grasslands’ high diversity is threatened by land-use changes, such as nitrogen fertilization, leading to productive but low-richness, fast-growing plant communities. Bryophytes are a key component of grassland diversity and react strongly to land use. However, it is unclear whether land-use effects are direct or mediated by changes in vascular plants. Increases in vascular plant cover are likely to decrease bryophyte abundance through light competition. Whether changes in vascular plant composition and richness also play a role remains unclear. We sampled bryophytes in a factorial grassland experiment manipulating nitrogen fertilization, fungicide, species richness, and functional composition of vascular plants crossed with moderate disturbances by weeding. Disturbance increased bryophyte richness and modulated treatment effects. In contrast to previous studies reporting indirect negative fertilization effects via increasing vascular plant productivity and reduced light levels, nitrogen fertilization directly reduced bryophyte cover and species richness, possibly because of toxic effects. Low vascular plant richness and dominance of fast-growing species reduced bryophyte richness. This might be because of decreased structural and resource niche heterogeneity in species-poor communities. Our results highlight novel mechanisms by which land-use intensification can affect bryophytes and suggest that a loss of vascular plant richness might have cascading effects on other taxonomic groups.
Exploring Echinacea angustifolia for anti-viral compounds against Zika virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: a computational study
Authors: El-Daly Mai M. , Bajrai Leena H. , Alandijany Thamir A. , Alsaady Isra M. , Gattan Hattan S. , Alhamdan Meshari M. , Dwivedi Vivek Dhar , Azhar Esam I.
Published: February 2025

The Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, has caused multiple widespread outbreaks, posing significant challenges to global health. This study explores the potential of compounds from Echinacea angustifolia (E. angustifolia) to inhibit the activity of ZIKV’s RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP), a key enzyme in the viral replication process and an ideal candidate for antiviral therapy. Utilizing computational techniques, we conducted a thorough virtual examination using the MTi-OpenScreen tool to identify potential RDRP inhibitors among E. angustifolia compounds. The top four compounds were further examined through re-docking procedures. To assess the robustness and effectiveness of these interactions, we performed molecular dynamics simulations along with calculations of the binding free energy and PCA analysis. This investigation highlighted four naturally occurring compounds, viz., Echinacoside, Rutin, Echinacin, and Cynaroside, demonstrating a notable affinity for binding to the allosteric site of ZIKV RDRP. These compounds showed strong hydrogen bond formation with crucial residues of the RDRP and presented favorable binding free energies. Our research sheds light on the viability of these E. angustifolia compounds as ZIKV RDRP inhibitors, laying a foundation for further experimental research in developing novel antiviral treatments against ZIKV infections.
Hydroacoustic sensing of seismic events during the Tajogaite volcanic eruption (La Palma, Spain)
Authors: Alcázar-Treviño Jesús , Lara Guillermo , Suarez Eduardo D. , Bou Manuel , Domínguez Itahiza , Buchan Susannah , Domínguez Francisco , Fraile-Nuez Eugenio
Published: February 2025

Volcanic processes generate a variety of seismic events that can be detected by both on-land and underwater sensors. During the 2021 subaerial eruption of the Tajogaite volcano on La Palma Island (Canary Islands, NW Africa), an underwater acoustic sensor was strategically deployed to monitor seismic activity. This study presents marine passive acoustic monitoring data from a moored hydrophone deployed offshore at a depth of 77 m and 7 km from the volcanic vent, both during and after the eruption. We compare hydrophone recordings with island’s seismic network and earthquake database from the Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN). By calculating acoustic metrics and analyzing low-frequency bands (< 100 Hz), we identified 712 impulsive acoustic signals consistent with seismic events recorded in the seismic catalogue. These acoustic signals were double-pulsed, low-frequency (≤ 50 Hz with peak frequencies ≤ 15 Hz) and exhibited sound levels that well correlated with earthquake magnitudes. Our findings demonstrate that shallow-water hydro-acoustics can detect and estimate the magnitude of volcano-tectonic earthquakes in the studied scenario. These results encourage for the integration of hydro-acoustic monitoring in conjunction with on-land seismic stations to enhance the overall monitoring of the investigated volcanic area seismic activity.
An algorithm for cardiac disease detection based on the magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Li Heng , Yuan Qingni , Wang Yi , Qu Pengju , Jiang Chunhui , Kuang Hu
Published: February 2025

In experiments to detect heart disease on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) medical images, existing object detection models face several challenges including low accuracy and unreliable detection results. To tackle these issues, this article proposes an innovative method for Object Detection in cardiac MRI medical images called SA-YOLO. This method is based on the YOLOv8 model but introduces several key modifications. Firstly, the standard Spatial Pyramid Pooling Fast module is replaced with a Multi-Channel Spatial Pyramid Pooling module. Secondly, an attention mechanism combining the ideas of Squeeze-Excitation and Coordinate Attention designed, and integrated into the Neck part of the baseline model. Subsequently, the bounding box regression loss function CIoU loss of the model was replaced with the iSD-IoU loss that combines shape loss and distance loss. Finally, comparative experiments were conducted on the Automated Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge cardiac MRI image dataset where it was found that SA-YOLOv8 achieved better results in detecting cardiac pathologies, and improvement of 7.4% in mAP0.5 value and 5.1% in mAP0.5-0.95 value compared to the baseline model.
18F-FDG PET/CT assessment of metabolic tumor burden predicts survival in patients with metastatic posterior uveal melanoma
Authors: Hindso Tine Gadegaard , Martinussen Torben , Bjerrum Camilla Wium , Keller Sune Høgild , Loft Annika , Sjøl Mette Bagger , Nissen Kristoffer , Faber Carsten , Donia Marco , Svane Inge Marie , Ellebaek Eva , Heegaard Steffen , Kiilgaard Jens Folke , Madsen Karine
Published: February 2025

The prognostic value of metabolic tumor burden parameters obtained from 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging was evaluated in this retrospective national multicenter study of patients with metastatic posterior uveal melanoma (PUM) and compared to the largest diameter of the largest metastatic lesion (LDLM) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. The Maximal Standard Uptake Value (SUVmax), Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV), and Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG) were obtained in 106 patients. Higher values of SUVmax (p = 0.007, log-rank), MTV (p < 0.001, log-rank), and TLG (p < 0.001, long-rank) were associated with shorter survival. The three parameters were also independent predictors in the multivariate Cox model, while the AJCC staging turned insignificant. Time-dependent positive predictive value (PPV) analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves showed that MTV (Area Under the Curve (AUC) = 0.78), TLG (AUC = 0.78), and LDLM (AUC = 0.76) were good predictors of 1-year survival. For the subset of 97 patients with liver metastases, the corresponding regional measurements in the liver tended to be even better predictors. In conclusion, MTV and TLG were found to be better predictors of survival in metastatic PUM than the AJCC staging system, but when LDLM was used as a continuous variable it showed an equally good prediction of 1-year survival.
Chemogenomics for steroid hormone receptors (NR3)
Authors: Schallmayer Espen , Isigkeit Laura , Elson Lewis , Müller Susanne , Knapp Stefan , Marschner Julian A. , Merk Daniel
Published: February 2025

The nine human NR3 nuclear receptors translate steroid hormone signals in transcriptomic responses and operate multiple highly important processes ranging from development over reproductive tissue function to inflammatory and metabolic homeostasis. Although several NR3 ligands such as glucocorticoids are invaluable drugs, this family is only partially explored, for example, in autoimmune diseases and neurodegeneration, but may hold therapeutic potential in new areas. Here we report a chemogenomics (CG) library to reveal elusive effects of NR3 receptor modulation in phenotypic settings. 34 highly annotated and chemically diverse ligands covering all NR3 receptors were selected considering complementary modes of action and activity, selectivity and lack of toxicity. Endoplasmic reticulum stress resolving effects of N3 CG subsets in proof-of-concept application validate suitability of the set to connect phenotypic outcomes with targets and to explore NR3 receptors from a translational perspective.
Interventional real-time molecular MRI for targeting early myocardial injury in a pig model
Authors: Heidt Timo , Reiss Simon , Thielmann Julien , Weber Christian , Maier Alexander , Lottner Thomas , Cristina-Schmitz Heidi R. , Bühler Timon , Chiang Diana , Jülicher Claus , Wadle Carolin , Hilgendorf Ingo , Wolf Dennis , Tumlinson Gavin , Hortells Luis , Westermann Dirk , Bock Michael , von zur Mühlen Constantin
Published: February 2025

Myocardial ischemia induces tissue injury with subsequent inflammation and recruitment of immune cells. Besides myocardial tissue characterization, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for functional assessment using molecular imaging contrast agents. Here, we assessed ischemic cardiac lesions non-invasively directly after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in a porcine model by advanced MRI techniques and molecular imaging, targeting the cell adhesion molecule P-selectin functionalized with microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). We used a closed-chest model of I/R by temporary coronary balloon-occlusion, real time 3T MRI-guided coronary injection of MPIO-based contrast agents, as well as injury, edema and iron-sensitive MRI. Within the first hours after I/R, we found T1 mapping to be most sensitive for tissue injury, with no changes in edema-sensitive MRI. Intriguingly, P-selectin MPIO contrast agent selectively enhanced the ischemic area in iron-sensitive MRI. In conclusion, this approach allows for sensitive detection of early myocardial inflammation beyond traditional edema-sensitive imaging.
Ultrafast emergence of ferromagnetism in antiferromagnetic FeRh in high magnetic fields
Authors: Dolgikh I. A. , Blank T. G. H. , Buzdakov A. G. , Li G. , Prabhakara K. H. , Patel S. K. K. , Medapalli R. , Fullerton E. E. , Koplak O. V. , Mentink J. H. , Zvezdin K. A. , Zvezdin A. K. , Christianen P. C. M. , Kimel A. V.
Published: February 2025

Ultrafast heating of FeRh by a femtosecond laser pulse launches a magneto-structural phase transition from an antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic state. Aiming to reveal the ultrafast kinetics of this transition, we studied magnetization dynamics with the help of the magneto-optical Kerr effect in a broad range of temperatures (from 4 K to 400 K) and magnetic fields (up to 25 T). Three different types of ultrafast magnetization dynamics were observed and, using a numerically calculated H-T phase diagram, the differences were explained by different initial states of FeRh corresponding to a (i) collinear antiferromagnetic, (ii) canted antiferromagnetic and (iii) ferromagnetic alignment of spins. We argue that ultrafast heating of FeRh in the canted antiferromagnetic phase launches practically the fastest possible emergence of ferromagnetism in this material. The magnetization emerges on a time scale of 2 ps, which corresponds to the earlier reported time scale of the structural changes during the phase transition.
Controllable preparation of cation vacancy-modulated oxygen defect Mn2−xP2O7−y anodes to enhance lithium storage performance
Authors: Sun Zhengen , Zhang Ning , Cai Yanjun , Kong Qingrong , Yao Xiang , Tian Hualing , Ma Ziyun , Zhang Yang , Su Zhi
Published: February 2025

Oxygen-deficient Mn2−xP2O7−y with modulated cation vacancies was synthesized using a solvothermal method. Through the synergistic influence of mixed vacancies, the optimized Mn1.93P2O7−y exhibited favorable electrochemical performances.
Structural features of sodium- and halogen-containing fluorite-like rare-earth molybdates
Authors: Antipin Alexander M. , Orlova Ekaterina I. , Smirnova Ekaterina S. , Trukhacheva Maria P. , Sorokin Timofei A. , Sidorova Ekaterina V. , Kharitonova Elena P. , Lyskov Nikolay V. , Novikova Natalia E. , Yapaskurt Vasiliy O. , Sorokina Natalia I. , Alekseeva Olga A. , Voronkova Valentina I.
Published: February 2025

Compounds of the nominal composition NaLa4Mo3O15F1–xClx (x = 0–0.7) have been obtained as ceramics and single crystals. Their physical properties and crystal structure have been studied in the temperature range 293–1050 K.
Melamine holding PbI2 with three “arms”: an effective chelation strategy to control the lead iodide to perovskite conversion for inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Luo Shizi , Cao Shuguang , Zheng Tongjun , Bi Zhuoneng , Zheng Yupeng , Li Yiqun , Taye Biniyam Zemene , Ozerova Victoria V. , Frolova Lyubov A. , Emelianov Nikita A. , Tarasov Eugeniy D. , Liang Zheng , Gutsev Lavrenty G. , Aldoshin Sergey M. , Ramachandran Bala R. , Troshin Pavel A. , Xu Xueqing
Published: February 2025

Herein, we have proposed a novel tridentate chelation strategy to manage the excessive amount of unreacted PbI2 in perovskite films, achieving a inverted PSC device with a PCE of 25.66% by sequential deposition method.
The impact of a walnut-rich breakfast on cognitive performance and brain activity throughout the day in healthy young adults: a crossover intervention trial
Authors: Bell L. , Dodd G. F. , Jeavons M. , Fisher D. R. , Whyte A. R. , Shukitt-Hale B. , Williams C. M.
Published: February 2025

Here, acute walnut intervention elicited evidence for a possible protective effect on memory reducing the typical decline in rate of learning often observed with fatigue, as well as faster reaction times when completing executive function tasks.
Investigating the hypoglycaemic potential of processed apple and acarbose combination in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo: the role of quercetin-3-glucoside in steering α-glucosidase inhibition
Authors: Lanza Umberto , Alongi Marilisa , Frossi Barbara , Pucillo Carlo , Anese Monica , Nicoli Maria Cristina
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the interaction between apple juice (AJ) and acarbose (A) in modulating glycemic responses, with the aim of validating in vivo results previously observed in vitro.
Optimized preparation, characterization and adsorption mechanism of magnesium-modified bentonite-based fillers: thermodynamic and kinetic analysis
Authors: Sun Qi , Yuan Jinhai , Yang Ziyi , Shen Qiqi , Hou Xiaopeng , Zhang Mi , Zhong Chunyan , Wu Yongquan , Xu Di
Published: February 2025

Nitrogen and phosphorus are common pollutants that cause eutrophication and environmental degradation in aquatic systems. This study investigates the optimization, characterization, and adsorption properties of Mg-modified bentonite-based fillers for the...
The role and mechanisms of canonical and non-canonical tailoring enzymes in bacterial terpenoid biosynthesis
Authors: Kakumu Yuya , Chaudhri Ayesha Ahmed , Helfrich Eric J. N.
Published: February 2025

This review explores recent insights into the roles and enzymatic mechanisms of canonical and non-canonical tailoring enzymes in shaping and modifying terpene hydrocarbon scaffolds during bacterial terpene biosynthesis.
Stacking Dependent Piezoelectric Response of Bilayer and Heterobilayer Group-IV Monochalcogenides under Applied External Strain
Authors: Tran Kevin , Sapountzis Spencer Michelle Jeanette
Published: February 2025

Layered two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising materials for piezoelectric and optoelectronic devices due to the introduction of new and interesting properties not seen in the single layers alone. In particular,...
AI-driven innovations in pharmaceuticals: optimizing drug discovery and industry operations
Authors: Saini Jaskaran Preet Singh , Thakur Ankita , Yadav Deepak
Published: February 2025

The current review provides insights into how AI can be applied in drug discovery, industrial pharmaceutical manufacture, and at all stages of clinical trials and regulatory processes.
1,2-Dithiolane/yne photopolymerizations to generate high refractive index polymers
Authors: Trujillo-Lemon Marianela , Fairbanks Benjamin D. , Sias Andrew N. , McLeod Robert R. , Bowman Christopher N.
Published: February 2025

Photoinitiated copolymerization of dithiolanes and alkynes results in copolymers with high refractive indices. Transmission holography performed via this reaction results in stable, high diffraction efficiency gratings with low haze, birefringence.
Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Sulfonylation from Sulfur Dioxide: Generation of Tertiary Propargylic Sulfones
Authors: Guo Chen , Huang Jiapian , Ye Shengqing , Yang Min , Wu Jie
Published: February 2025

Enantioselective sulfonylation through a copper-catalyzed three-component reaction of propargylic cyclic carbonates, cyclopropan-1-ols with sulfur dioxide is reported, allowing the preparation of tertiary propargylic sulfones with quaternary stereocenters. This enantioselective propargylic...
Porphyrin-based porous organic polymer for the NIR-enhanced delivery of bupivacaine towards pain management in bacterial infection therapy
Authors: Chu Lichao , Dong Chunyu , Wang Shuai , Ding Xin , Yuan Jingsong , Chen Peilei , Luo Yanhua , Yu Lingzhi
Published: February 2025

Antibiotic-free strategies have gained widespread attention in combating bacterial infection-related wound therapy.
Room temperature sensing of CO2 using C3-symmetry pyridinium-based porous ionic polymers with triazine or benzene cores
Authors: Alshubramy Maha A. , Alamry Khalid A. , Alorfi Hajar S. , Ismail Sameh H. , Rezki Nadjet , Aouad Mohamed Reda , Al-Sodies Salsabeel , Hussein Mahmoud A.
Published: February 2025

A new class of C3-symmetry porous ionic polymers, tethering triazine (benzene) core hybrids, was successfully prepared and used for room-temperature CO2 sensing.
Glass fiber treated with a glycine bridged silane coupling agent reinforcing polyamide 6(PA6): effect of hydrogen bonding
Authors: Yu Dinghua , Wang Jianqiang , Wang Guowei
Published: February 2025

Glycine bridged silane coupling agents could form multiple stronger hydrogen bonds, which have contributed to the obviously improved mechanical performances for treated glass fibers/polyamide 6 composite materials.
Introduction and characterization of a novel Cu(ii)-based quaternary deep eutectic solvent and its application in the efficient synthesis of triazoles and tetrazoles under mild conditions as an inexpensive, reusable, benign, and dual solvent/catalyst medium
Authors: Golestanifar Laleh , Sardarian Ali Reza
Published: February 2025

A novel quaternary deep eutectic solvent, ChCl/Glyce/L-Arg/Cu(OAc)2, as a solvent/catalyst in the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles and 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles.
Impact of pharmacokinetic enhancement strategies on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of hydroxytyrosol
Authors: Prevete Giuliana , Scipioni Elisa , Donati Enrica , Villanova Noemi , Fochetti Andrea , Lilla Laura , Borocci Stefano , Bernini Roberta , Mazzonna Marco
Published: February 2025

Investigation of the impact of two approaches, chemical modification by lipophilization and liposomal encapsulation, on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of hydroxytyrosol.
Crash testing machine learning force fields for molecules, materials, and interfaces: molecular dynamics in the TEA challenge 2023
Authors: Poltavsky Igor , Puleva Mirela , Charkin-Gorbulin Anton , Fonseca Grégory , Batatia Ilyes , Browning Nicholas J. , Chmiela Stefan , Cui Mengnan , Frank J. Thorben , Heinen Stefan , Huang Bing , Käser Silvan , Kabylda Adil , Khan Danish , Müller Carolin , Price Alastair J. A. , Riedmiller Kai , Töpfer Kai , Ko Tsz Wai , Meuwly Markus , Rupp Matthias , Csányi Gábor , Anatole von Lilienfeld O. , Margraf Johannes T. , Müller Klaus-Robert , Tkatchenko Alexandre
Published: February 2025

We present a comprehensive analysis of the capabilities of modern machine learning force fields to simulate long-term molecular dynamics at near-ambient conditions for molecules, molecule-surface interfaces, and materials within TEA Challenge 2023.
Multi-layered electrode constructs for neural tissue engineering
Authors: Boulingre Marjolaine , Chodkowski Mateusz , Portillo Lara Roberto , Lee Aaron , Goding Josef , Green Rylie A.
Published: February 2025

The study describes the development of a multi-layered electrode coating that was electrochemically characterised. A numerical model of the electric field was developed, and astrocytes were encapsulated within the biosynthetic layer.
A piezoelectric hydrogel containing bismuth sulfide with cationic vacancies with enhanced sonodynamic/nanozyme activity for synergistically killing bacteria and boosting osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Xi Xiaowen , Ma Susu , Sun Ping , Hu Zhitao , Wei Jie , Niu Yunfei
Published: February 2025

A piezoelectric hydrogel containing bismuth sulfide with cationic vacancies was developed, using ultrasound-triggered piezoelectricity to boost sonodynamic effects and nanozyme activities for killing bacteria and promoting osteoblast differentiation.
Performance improvement of resistive switching memory achieved by reducing the size of MoS2 embedded in poly(vinyl alcohol) films
Authors: Jiao Zipan , Zhou Xinglan , Yu Junjie , Lan Xiaoyan , Shi Yi , Li Jitong , Liu Bingxin , Li Yongcheng , Chen Guilin , Hu Riming , Zhang Peng , Xu Benhua
Published: February 2025

By ultrasonic-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation, MoS2 nanosheets were reduced in size to quantum dots to obtain MoS2 QDs. And they were embedded in PVA to construct RRAM devices to explore the effect of MoS2 size reduction on RS performance.
Homotypic heterojunction of metal oxygen/sulfide as an electron transport layer for high-performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Chen Liang , Qiu Linlin , Lv Yang , Su Zhiqin , Sun Jian , Du Pingfan
Published: February 2025

SnS2 nanosheets are introduced into a SnO2 film to prepare a SnS2–SnO2 homotypic heterojunction (HHJ) as an efficient ETL, which modulate the electron transport and energy level arrangement and thus improve the device performance.
Flexible OLEDs with graphene electrodes on renewable cellulose platforms
Authors: Kulyk Bohdan , Germino José C. , Gaspar Diana , Fernandes António J. S. , Deuermeier Jonas , Carvalho Alexandre F. , da Cunha António F. , Pereira Luís M. N. , Pereira Luiz , Costa Florinda M.
Published: February 2025

OLEDs with CVD graphene anodes on cellulose substrates demonstrate an alternative for environmentally friendly, transparent and flexible devices.
Enhanced device performance through optimization of acceptor layer thickness relative to exciton diffusion length and ionization energy offset in bilayer organic solar cells
Authors: Huang Yexiao , Azeez Abdul , Zhao Jingjing , Zhao Zhenmin , Dasannagari Muneendra , Laquai Frédéric , Kan Zhipeng , Karuthedath Safakath
Published: February 2025

Simultaneous optimization of non-fullerene acceptor layer thickness relative to exciton diffusion length and ionization energy offset is critical for enhancing the performance of bilayer organic solar cells.
Strategies to improve the photovoltaic performance of M-series acceptor-based polymer solar cells: chemical hybridization versus physical blending of acceptors
Authors: Shi Haiting , Guo Hui , Cai Dongdong , Wang Jin-Yun , Ma Yunlong , Zheng Qingdong
Published: February 2025

A novel asymmetric M-series acceptor (M36-FCl) with a large dielectric constant and a smaller exciton dissociation barrier has been developed for high-performance polymer solar cells.
Correction: Acceptor–donor–acceptor-type molecules with large electrostatic potential difference for effective NIR photothermal therapy
Authors: Fan Kexin , Zhang Ludan , Zhong Qinqiu , Xiang Yanhe , Xu Bowei , Wang Yuguang
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Acceptor–donor–acceptor-type molecules with large electrostatic potential difference for effective NIR photothermal therapy’ by Kexin Fan et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024, 12, 5140–5149, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TB00187G.