bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TO DETERMINING TRACTION RESISTANCE ROTARY ILLAGE TOOL
Authors: Nuriev Lenar
Published: April 2022

The research was carried out with the aim of theoretically determining the traction resistance of a rotary tillage tool for pre-sowing soil cultivation. When developing theoretical prerequisites, we used the results of previous studies by various authors, as well as a rational formula proposed by Academician V.P. Goryachkin to determine the traction resistance of the plow. The traction resistance Pt of the rotary tillage tool is made up of the traction resistance of the spiral-screw working body ( ) and the traction resistance of the section of ellipsoidal needle discs ( ). In turn, the traction resistance depends on the forces of resistance of the soil to rolling, friction and crushing, the traction resistance consists of the forces of resistance of the soil to friction, cutting and throwing away. According to the final equation, the traction resistance of the rotary tillage tool depends on the design (the gravity of the spiral-screw working body, the diameters of the spiral-screw working body and ellipsoidal needle disks, the angle of inclination of the forming surface of the spiral-screw working body to the soil surface, the number of needles on the ellipsoidal disk , the angle of inclination of the hub of the elliptical needle disc to the axis of rotation, the number of elliptical needle discs in the section), kinematic (translational speed of the implement, cutting speed of the soil, the indicator of the kinematic mode), technological (width of the tool grasp, depth of soil mulching, width of soil shavings, number of needles simultaneously in the soil, the coefficient taking into account the surface roughness of the spiral-screw working body) parameters, as well as the physical, mechanical and technological properties of the soil (density, rolling resistance coefficient, sliding friction coefficient, coefficient of resistivity to cutting, coefficient of volumetric crushing, coefficient of rejection). The resulting expression can be used to determine the traction resistance of similar tillage machines and rotary-type implements
MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE STABILITY OF THE MOVEMENT OF A MOTOR TRANSPORT TRAIN AND THE RESULTS OF ITS ANALYSIS
Authors: Stroganov Yuriy , Belova Nadezhda , Ognev Oleg , Maksimov Aleksey , Andreev Vladimir
Published: April 2022

Motor transport trains (MTT) – continue to be one of the main modes of transport in agriculture. However, their accident rate is quite high. Scientific studies of the process of movement of motor vehicles mainly provide for the improvement of their design characteristics and operating modes. The main way to reduce the accident rate of MTT is to limit the speed limit. There are ways to ensure the stability of the movement of MTT by changing the design of trailers. The purpose of the research is to analyze the mathematical model of the stability of the movement of the MTT to identify critical factors for its violation, optimize the design and operational parameters of the MTT, increase the predictability of the behavior of the MTT on the track (in the presence of lateral external influences: simulating sharp turns, displacement of cargo in the vehicle, etc.), formulating the main directions for improving its stability and manageability. We used the methods of analysis and synthesis, mathematical analysis, vector geometry. Lateral impact leads to an increase in the MTT momentum (lateral oscillations increase the speed), or to a violation of stability (movement amplitude beyond the track, overturning) of its movement. An increase in the momentum of the trailer reduces the overall stability of the MTT (the critical angle of displacement of the drawbar, at which the road train begins to “fold”, decreases by 9–56%). Increasing the momentum of the transport vehicle increases stability (the critical angle of displacement of the drawbar increases by 33–173%). The geometric dimensions of the drawbar and the trailer have little effect on the stability of the MTT. An increase in the length of the drawbar reduces stability (reduces the critical angle of its “folding”) by 5.5–14.7%. Increasing the length of the trailer increases stability: the critical angle of "folding" increases by 8–22%. Lateral displacement (“skidding”) of MTT elements on the track by more than 0.5–0.95 m will lead to its going beyond the boundaries of the safe transport corridor (driving out of the track), or increase the likelihood of a collision with oncoming vehicles
PRIORITIES OF AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT AND TASKS OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION
Authors: Valiev Ayrat , Nizamov Rustam , Safin Radik , Mukhametgaliev Farit , Nezhmetdinova Farida
Published: April 2022

Modern agriculture both in the world and in the Russian Federation is at the stage of profound transformation. The growing natural, socio-economic and production risks dictate the need for a detailed analysis of the medium-term prospects and priorities of agro-industrial complex. Taking into account the need to ensure high competitiveness of domestic food production, the need for such analysis is of great practical importance.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan, identifies the existing medium-term trends. As the most significant medium-term trends in the development of agriculture are highlighted: the adaptation of agricultural production technologies to global climate changes; the development of efficient production systems with maximum environmental safety while reducing the need for labor resources; the formation of a specialized industry to meet the demand for high quality and healthy food; digitalization and computerization of agricultural production, including In addition, the main trends in the development of crop, livestock and agricultural engineering are given. At the same time, the special role of new technologies in the sustainable development of these industries is pointed out.

In the conclusion proceeding from highlighted tendencies of medium-term development of agroindustrial complex the main tasks, facing agrarian science and education are given
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Pregnancy in Caesarean Scar (CSP) - a Clinical Description of the Case
Authors: Gruszka Jakub , Świercz Grzegorz , Zwierzyńska Anna , Adamczyk-Gruszka Olga
Published: April 2022

Early pregnancy, in the lower part of the uterus, in the Caesarean scar (CSP), is a type of ectopic pregnancy. It can cause serious complications if left untreated.

CSP, with a positive embryo/foetal heart function, treated on a waiting list, has been associated with a high, maternal burden, haemorrhaging, early uterine rupture, hysterectomy and severe AIP.  Some pregnancies, made the more complicated with CSP, can progress to term, making it difficult to decide whether termination of the pregnancy may be the only treatment option for these women. Expectant management in CSP, without cardiac activity, may be an option because of the low risk of maternal complications requiring immediate intervention. Nevertheless, close monitoring is recommended, in order to avoid complications in pregnant women. Endovaginal USG is the main method in the diagnosis of this disease, since it is not affected by external factors. Therefore, this type of ultrasound diagnosis has better diagnostic efficacy, in the case of this type of ectopic pregnancy CSP.
On the importance of rituals in sport
Authors: Piepiora Paweł , Bagińska Justyna , Szczepańska Katarzyna , Piepiora Zbigniew
Published: April 2022

In this short article, we took a look at the importance of rituals in sports. First we explained the concepts of religion, creed, superstitions, fallacies and rituals. Then we described superstitious thinking and religiosity in psychological terms and on this basis we referred to rituals in sport. We explained the meaning of rituals in sport based on our own professional experiences with athletes. This article is an introduction for conducting a pilot study.
Validation of the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale in Portuguese palliative care settings: a methodological study
Authors: Santos Susana , Martins Helga , Capelas Manuel Luís , Domingues Tiago Dias , Caldeira Sílvia , Taylor Elizabeth Johnston
Published: April 2022

Background:

Spirituality is a critical dimension in palliative care, but difficulties have been described in literature concerning the effective implementation and measuring of spiritual care.

Aim:

To translate, adapt and validate the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale (NSCTS) in Portuguese palliative care settings.

Methods:

A methodological study was conducted. A final version of the questionnaire included the scale and was submitted to full psychometric testing using nurses working in Portuguese palliative care settings.

Findings:

A total of 88 nurses participated. The average age of the sample was 36.1 ± 8.93 years (range 23–60 years), and 92.0% were women. A Cronbach alpha value of 0.88; Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy 0.80; and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity were adequate. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using principal axis factoring with an oblimin rotation that resulted in a three-factors solution.

Conclusion:

The European Portuguese NSCTS questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to assess the frequency of nurses' activities concerning spirituality in palliative care.
The Gold Standards Framework Hospital programme: implementation and progress
Authors: Thomas Keri , Armstrong-Wilson Julie , Clifford Collette
Published: April 2022

Aim:

The implementation and impact of the Gold Standards Framework Hospitals (GSFH) service development programme is described.

Background:

A third of hospital inpatients may be in their last year of life when admitted to hospital. Many will be repeat and unplanned admissions. National policy guidance seeks to change this pattern through implementing patient choice in end-of-life care (EOLC) planning.

Method:

GSFH training and resources help general hospital staff teams develop skills as they identify patients nearing the end of life, rapidly assess their needs and offer advance care planning (ACP).

Findings:

Audit data shows teams that have undergone GSFH training demonstrate earlier identification of patients needing EOLC and offer ACP targeting their individual care needs.

Conclusion:

The model has been taken up by over 350 hospital wards, with a large number seeking accreditation to demonstrate sustainability of good practice in EOLC management.
Human-wildlife conflict in indigenous communities of the Nairi Awari Indigenous Territory of East Central Costa Rica
Authors: SÁENZ-BOLAÑOS CAROLINA , FULLER TODD K. , SIEVERT LYNNETTE , CARRILLO EDUARDO
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Sáenz-Bolaños C, Fuller TK, Sievert L, Carrillo E. 2022. Human-wildlife conflict in indigenous communities of the Nairi Awari Indigenous Territory of East Central Costa Rica. Biodiversitas 23: 2238-2244. Human-wildlife conflict is essential for conservation because it is necessary to maintain the balance of requirements needed by humans and wildlife. Indigenous territories are not exempt from interactions with wildlife, and in this study, we focus on one indigenous territory of the Cabécar Indigenous Group of Costa Rica called Nairi Awari. We wanted to know which are the most common wildlife species, which interactions with these species the Nairi Awari consider negative, and what are the possible solutions to these interactions. To do this, we administered 24 semi-structured questionnaires to indigenous people from March-August 2019. The results showed 16 species as “problematic animals”, the jaguar (Panthera onca) being the most common, followed by hawks. Of the six problem categories identified, predation on poultry was the most cited category, but it raised fewer negative feelings among respondents than some other problems. Possible solutions to pig or cow predation, problems which most maddened respondents, included improved management (48%), scaring animals (12%), and killing big cats (16%). It is important to understand these perceptions in order to address future management to benefit conservation and human welfare. In particular, there is potential to work in the long term to improve the management of domestic animals.
Overcoming the error of optical power measurement caused by the curvature radius
Authors: Jin Tao , Gao Xuan
Published: April 2022

In traditional focimeter measurements, the lens cannot completely coincide with the diaphragm owing to the change of radius, resulting in an increase in the power measurement error with an increase in the lens power. We proposed a method, using the SVM machine learning algorithm, to restore the measurement of the focimeter, using a lens power data set obtained from lens features, obtained through an automatic acquisition system. Total up to 83 groups of single focus lenses with refractive indices of 1.56 and 1.60, ranging from -10 m-1 to + 8 m-1 every 0.25 m-1 and -10.5 m-1 to -15 m-1 every 0.5 m-1, were used for lens image acquisition. The experimental results show that the ten-fold average F1 score of the classification under this method is 100%. The test lens power can be accurately identified and the measurement error can be overcome.
Magneto-optical nonreciprocity without chirality: Archimedean spirals on InSb
Authors: Peng Peisong , Thapa Grija , Zhou Jiangfeng , Talbayev Diyar
Published: April 2022

We report the observation of magneto-optical nonreciprocity in Faraday geometry in a hybrid metamaterial consisting of an Archimedean spiral metasurface and semiconductor InSb that serves as the magneto-optical medium. None of the metamaterial constituents possesses chirality, which is usually a necessary ingredient for optical nonreciprocity in natural materials when the light travels along the magnetic field direction. We also find that our metamaterial can serve as an optical element for polarization control via magnetic field. Another significant property of our hybrid metamaterial is the emergence of the four different transmittance states, which are observed for the four combinations of the positive and negative magnetic field and the direction of the wavevector of light.
Simultaneous measurement of near-water-film air temperature and humidity fields based on dual-wavelength digital holographic interferometry
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Liu Jingnan , Dou Jiazhen , Zhang Jiwei , Zhang Lixin , Di Jianglei , Zhao Jianlin
Published: April 2022

We present a method to reconstruct the near-water-film air temperature and humidity distributions synchronously by measuring the phase delays based on dual-wavelength digital holographic interferometry. A falling water film device was used to create a water film evaporation environment and generate axially uniform temperature and humidity fields. The relationship between air temperature, humidity and phase delay is derived from the Edlen equations. With such relationship, the temperature and humidity distributions can be solved directly according to phase delays of two different wavelengths. An edge phase enhancement method and an error elimination method with PSO are presented to improve the measurement accuracy. The temperature and humidity fields in the falling water film model were experimentally reconstructed with temperature deviation of 0.06% and relative humidity deviation of 2.61%.
Elongation of filamentation and enhancement of supercontinuum generation by a preformed air density hole
Authors: Chang Junwei , Li Dongwei , Xu Litong , Zhang Lanzhi , Xi Tingting , Hao Zuoqiang
Published: April 2022

The filamentation of the femtosecond laser pulse in air with a preformed density hole is studied numerically. The result shows that density-hole-induced defocusing effect can relieve the self-focusing of the pulse, and by changing the length of the density hole and relative delay time, the filamentation length, intensity, spectral energy density and broaden region can be effectively controlled. When a short density hole with millisecond delay time is introduced, a significant elongation of the filamentation and enhancement of supercontinuum intensity can be obtained. This study provides a new method to control filamentation by pulse sequence.
A role for myosin II clusters and membrane energy in cortex rupture for Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Asante-Asamani Emmanuel , Grange Daniel , Rawal Devarshi , Santiago Zully , Loustau John , Brazill Derrick
Published: April 2022

Blebs, pressure driven protrusions of the cell membrane, facilitate the movement of eukaryotic cells such as the soil amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, white blood cells and cancer cells. Blebs initiate when the cell membrane separates from the underlying cortex. A local rupture of the cortex, has been suggested as a mechanism by which blebs are initiated. However, much clarity is still needed about how cells inherently regulate rupture of the cortex in locations where blebs are expected to form. In this work, we examine the role of membrane energy and the motor protein myosin II (myosin) in facilitating the cell driven rupture of the cortex. We perform under-agarose chemotaxis experiments, using Dictyostelium discoideum cells, to visualize the dynamics of myosin and calculate changes in membrane energy in the blebbing region. To facilitate a rapid detection of blebs and analysis of the energy and myosin distribution at the cell front, we introduce an autonomous bleb detection algorithm that takes in discrete cell boundaries and returns the coordinate location of blebs with its shape characteristics. We are able to identify by microscopy naturally occurring gaps in the cortex prior to membrane detachment at sites of bleb nucleation. These gaps form at positions calculated to have high membrane energy, and are associated with areas of myosin enrichment. Myosin is also shown to accumulate in the cortex prior to bleb initiation and just before the complete disassembly of the cortex. Together our findings provide direct spatial and temporal evidence to support cortex rupture as an intrinsic bleb initiation mechanism and suggests that myosin clusters are associated with regions of high membrane energy where its contractile activity leads to a rupture of the cortex at points of maximal energy.
Utilization of social media in floods assessment using data mining techniques
Authors: Khan Qasim , Kalbus Edda , Zaki Nazar , Mohamed Mohamed Mostafa
Published: April 2022

Floods are among the devastating types of disasters in terms of human life, social and financial losses. Authoritative data from flood gauges are scarce in arid regions because of the specific type of dry climate that dysfunctions these measuring devices. Hence, social media data could be a useful tool in this case, where a wealth of information is available online. This study investigates the reliability of flood related data quality collected from social media, particularly for an arid region where the usage of flow gauges is limited. The data (text, images and videos) of social media, related to a flood event, was analyzed using the Machine Learning approach. For this reason, digital data (758 images and 1413 video frames) was converted into numeric values through ResNet50 model using the VGG-16 architecture. Numeric data of images, videos and text was further classified using different Machine Learning algorithms. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) methods were used to evaluate and compare the performance of the developed machine learning algorithms. This novel approach of studying the quality of social media data could be a reliable alternative in the absence of real-time flow gauges data. A flash flood that occurred in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from March 7–11, 2016 was selected as the focus of this study. Random forest showed the highest accuracy of 80.18% among the five other classifiers for images and videos. Precipitation/rainfall data were used to validate social media data, which showed a significant relationship between rainfall and the number of posts. The validity of the machine learning models was assessed using the area under the curve, precision-recall curve, root mean square error, and kappa statistics to confirm the validity and accuracy of the model. The data quality of YouTube videos was found to have the highest accuracy followed by Facebook, Flickr, Twitter, and Instagram. These results showed that social media data could be used when gauge data is unavailable.
Effects of degraded speech processing and binaural unmasking investigated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)
Authors: Zhou Xin , Sobczak Gabriel S. , McKay Colette M. , Litovsky Ruth Y.
Published: April 2022

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of degraded speech perception and binaural unmasking using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Normal hearing listeners were tested when attending to unprocessed or vocoded speech, presented to the left ear at two speech-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Additionally, by comparing monaural versus diotic masker noise, we measured binaural unmasking. Our primary research question was whether the prefrontal cortex and temporal cortex responded differently to varying listening configurations. Our a priori regions of interest (ROIs) were located at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and auditory cortex (AC). The left DLPFC has been reported to be involved in attentional processes when listening to degraded speech and in spatial hearing processing, while the AC has been reported to be sensitive to speech intelligibility. Comparisons of cortical activity between these two ROIs revealed significantly different fNIRS response patterns. Further, we showed a significant and positive correlation between self-reported task difficulty levels and fNIRS responses in the DLPFC, with a negative but non-significant correlation for the left AC, suggesting that the two ROIs played different roles in effortful speech perception. Our secondary question was whether activity within three sub-regions of the lateral PFC (LPFC) including the DLPFC was differentially affected by varying speech-noise configurations. We found significant effects of spectral degradation and SNR, and significant differences in fNIRS response amplitudes between the three regions, but no significant interaction between ROI and speech type, or between ROI and SNR. When attending to speech with monaural and diotic noises, participants reported the latter conditions being easier; however, no significant main effect of masker condition on cortical activity was observed. For cortical responses in the LPFC, a significant interaction between SNR and masker condition was observed. These findings suggest that binaural unmasking affects cortical activity through improving speech reception threshold in noise, rather than by reducing effort exerted.
Journey to the West: Cross-media adaptations of a Chinese classic tale
Authors: Hu Zhiyue
Published: April 2022

Journey to the West as one of the ‘four great Chinese classic novels’ has had an extraordinary influence across history and around the world. Journey to the West depicts how a Tang Dynasty Buddhist monk Xuanzang and his three disciples went through 81 trials to obtain the Buddhist texts (Sutras) from the Western Heaven (ancient India). Despite the novel itself being a product of a long history of adaptation, this article aims to offer an overview of the modern and contemporary cross-media adaptations of both the novel and the tale Journey to the West, with examples of literature (including web fictions), stage performances, films, TV series, manga and animation, video games and music. These adaptations not only happen in the Chinese-speaking world but also on an Asian and global level. Through introducing the extensive and diverse cases that inform an idea of ‘IP (intellectual property)’ as favoured in the Chinese cultural market, this article aims to point out the cultural and capital flow within this one single series of adaptations. In place of a relationship between source and adaptation, the contemporary context supports the idea of a wider context in which a source may be seen to validate a range of new and highly commercialized genres. It is developed from a presentation in the 2019 JAFP symposium Looking Back, Stepping Forward.
Effect of crude Ganoderma applanatum polysaccharides as a renoprotective agent against carbon tetrachloride-induced early kidney fibrosis in mice
Authors: Susilo Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat , Winarni Dwi , Hayaza Suhailah , Doong Ruey-An , Wahyuningsih Sri Puji Astuti , Darmanto Win
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim: Interstitial fibrosis is the final stage of chronic kidney injury, which begins with an inflammatory process. Crude Ganoderma applanatum polysaccharides are known to have anti-inflammatory properties. The potential role of crude G. applanatum polysaccharides in renal fibrosis through pro-inflammatory cytokines needs further investigation. This study aimed to determine the renoprotective effect of crude G. applanatum polysaccharide extract in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced early kidney fibrosis.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted for 4 weeks using 24 male BALB/c mice selected for their metabolic stability. The mice were randomly divided into six groups, including control (CG), model (MG), silymarin group and crude G. applanatum polysaccharide extract groups comprising doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight. After sacrificing the mice, whole blood was analyzed for urea and creatine levels, and kidney tissue was prepared to assess tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), hyaluronic acid (HA), and laminin levels, both using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kidney histology was determined using hematoxylin and eosin staining, while the extracellular matrix (ECM) components were stained using Masson's trichome staining. The α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) concentration was determined using immunohistochemistry. These parameters were measured to determine the effectiveness of the crude G. applanatum polysaccharide extract in preventing interstitial fibrosis.

Results: Administration of crude G. applanatum polysaccharides effectively prevented increases in kidney weight and physiological enzymes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ECM production compared with those in the MG, as evidenced by the low levels of urea, creatinine, TNF-α, IL-6, HA, and laminin. Histopathological results also showed that crude G. applanatum polysaccharides prevented the occurrence of inflammatory infiltration, desquamated nuclei, cytoplasm debris, rupture at the brush border, dilatation of the glomeruli space and lumen of the proximal tubule, and necrotic cells compared with the MG. Masson's trichrome staining revealed lower collagen levels in the interstitial tubules of kidney tissue than those in the MG. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed low α-SMA expression in the crude G. applanatum polysaccharides treatment groups than that in the MG.

Conclusion: The crude polysaccharide extract of G. applanatum has a protective effect that prevents the progression of kidney fibrosis in mice.
Breeding of African sheep reared under low-input/output smallholder production systems for trypanotolerance
Authors: Malatji Dikeledi P.
Published: April 2022

Trypanosomiasis is a disease caused by unicellular protozoan parasites. Small ruminants succumb to trypanosomiasis in areas of high tsetse fly challenge, resulting in serious economic loss often to farmers in low-input smallholder systems. At present, trypanosomiasis is treated with trypanocidal drugs, but access to these can be limited, and increasing parasite resistance raises questions about their efficacy. The development of trypanotolerance in small ruminant flocks through targeted breeding strategies is considered a sustainable and economical option for controlling African trypanosomiasis. Recently, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with trypanotolerance traits in sheep have been reported. The results of these studies form the basis for more studies to identify QTLs associated with trypanosomiasis resistance, particularly in African livestock species. For example, signatures of positive selection for trypanotolerance have been identified using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data. However, there are several challenges in performing genetic analyses using data from low-input smallholder systems, including a lack of recorded pedigree and production records and the need for large sample sizes when flock sizes are often fewer than 50 animals. Breeding strategies to improve trypanotolerance should also preserve existing genetic diversity as well as minimize excessive genetic introgression by trypanosusceptible breeds. This review discusses the possibilities of breeding for trypanosome tolerance/resistance in low-input/low-output small ruminant production systems. Potential challenges are outlined, and potential available genetic resources are described as a foundation for future work.
Review on 3D Printed Bone Scaffold and Biocompatible Material
Authors: Shirbhate Nimisha
Published: April 2022

Bone Scaffold is a three-dimensional porous construction which provides support to promote natural cell growth in damaged or broken section of bone. In recent years researchers from various departments like biomedical, mechanical, orthopedics, have shown significant interest in adopting ‘Bone Scaffolds’ as a promising treatment for bone defects. ‘Bone Scaffold’ is a honeycomb-like architecture composes of bio-compatible material having grater advantages over current grafting solution. In this paper, the authors try to review the available e-articles in an organized way on the bone scaffold in the field of biomedical implants with 3D printing. The selected literature mainly focuses on the biocompatible material and various advanced manufacturing methods used for manufacturing / preparing of bone scaffolds. This article tries to padding the gap between theoretical and actual implementation of ‘Bone Scaffolds’ by properly analyzing selected research and allowing future opportunities for reinventing the new possibilities in the field of biomedical.
Neuroradiological MRI and PET Findings in Muslinoma after Wrapping of an Intracranial Aneurysm: A Five-year Follow-up Case Study with Literature Review
Authors: Tacconi Leonello , Giordan Enrico
Published: April 2022

Rarely, the clipping of uncoilable intracranial aneurysms may be too challenging because of anatomical conformation, size, or orientation. An alternative to traditional techniques such as clipping or embolization may be wrapping, a circumferential reinforcement of the aneurism wall with synthetic materials such as muslin. This leads to a local inflammatory reaction resulting in a strong adherent scar tissue. However, the robust fibrotic reaction may cause a foreign body, or muslinomaù, which might be responsible for various neurological complications. Here we describe the temporal evolution of a conservatively managed muslinoma that developed after a ruptured internal carotid artery aneurysm in a 58-year-old woman with multiple aneurysms. A differential diagnosis of a cerebral abscess versus a granulomatous reaction or even a tumor was hypothesized. The absence of abscess clinical, microbiological, and neuroradiological features led to a muslin-induced foreign body granuloma diagnosis. The patient underwent serial contrast-enhanced MRI imaging at 5, 12, 18, 40, and 60 months. In addition, 18F–fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) scans were performed at 6, 24, 42, and 60 months after surgery. Here we highlight how strict clinical and neuroradiological surveillance is mandatory in order to prevent unnecessary treatments. In our case, using an F–FDG-PET/CT scan as an adjunctive follow-up imaging method was helpful in the decision-making process. After reviewing and reporting similar cases in the literature and considering all the actual therapeutic options for intracranial aneurysm treatment, we believe that wrapping with muslin or gauze materials should be carefully weighed against the rare but possible complication muslin-induced foreign body reaction.
Information Field and its Carriers in Biological Systems
Authors: Krasnoholovets Volodymyr
Published: April 2022

Homeostatic intercellular communication is effected by an information field. Previously, such a field has been considered in relation to quantum and subquantum mechanics whereby physical aspects of the universe may be controlled by intuition. Correspondingly, recent research in fundamental physics reveals much deeper principles of the organization of matter than quantum mechanics prescribes. The study of real physical space discloses an inner structure of this eternal substrate that shares both discrete and continuum properties. Physical space is constituted as a fractal mathematical lattice of primary topological balls, named the tessellattice, from which particles emerge as fractally deformed cells. When such a particle is moving, it interacts with surrounding cells of the tessellattice, which results in the creation of a number of spatial excitations around the particle named inertons. In quantum mechanical formalism, a particle and its surrounding inerton cloud are expressed as the wave -function. Thus, inertons represent a substructure of the matter waves; they are carriers of mass and fractal properties of matter, and play the role of an information field in both physics and biology. Experimental manifestations of inertons in condensed media and biological systems are demonstrated. Certain challenges are listed.
Radioactive Waste Management Using Ag\CNTs Composite Prepared by Laser Ablation in Liquid
Authors: Hussian Thuraya A. Abdul , Jaber Ghufran S. , Hassan Ahmed T.
Published: April 2022

Over the last one to two decades radioactive waste management was a high priority with development of nuclear research, nuclear industrial and medical applications. Radioactive isotopes introduced drastic quantities of radioactive toxic pollutants to the environment. So, recently the evolution of radioactive waste management has focused on the development technological solutions to this problem. Therefore, in this study Strontium hydroxide (nuclear waste) was installed by Carbon nano-tubes sliver nanoparticles Ag\CNTs composite. The Nd-YAG laser with wavelength 1064 nm, energy 750 mJ operate in 100 pulses was used to prepare Ag\CNTs composite. Sr(HO)2 powder was added to the composite with a calculated ratio. The Sr(HO)2 change to strontium carbonate because of absorbing carbon dioxide from the air, the resulting solution becomes CNTs- AgNPs-SrCo3. To dry the solution samples, three drops of the solution were added one by one on glass slides. To check the amount of damage that may cause by radiation on the host material structure (Ag\CNTs), the sample was irradiated by beta source (90Sr/90Y) for different time periods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to measure the structure properties, while the surface structure such as shape and size property was measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM). From XRD spectra its shows that for all samples before and after Beta irradiation showed appetences of higher peaks at 2θ = 25 degree, and the SEM micrograph showed a homogenous distribution of nanoparticles with average particle size about 24nm and the nuclear waste SrCo3 was well decorated the surface of Ag\CNTs and there was not any indications that there are difference in the composite morphology due to beta radiation exposure.
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Gene Polymorphism Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Thi-Qar Province
Authors: Fayyad Nasrallah Shamki , Rikabi Hassan Risan Al
Published: April 2022

This study was conducted in the Biotechnology Research Unit, Mazaya University College, for the period from January to March 2021. This study includes 150 participants (100 T2DM patients and 50 healthy as a control group). Through the analysis of the results, it was found that the highest incidence of type 2 diabetes was in patients whose duration of illness ranged from (1-4) years and reached 70%, clear significant difference (P.Value = 0.00**). The results of the study analysis also showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups of patients and the comparison according to the interleukin levels, where the value of (P-value =0.41). The results of the analysis of the study through the analysis of genotypes and phenotypes showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups of patients and the comparison, where the value of (P.Value = 0.917). In this study, 25% of patients have GG genotype however 61% have GC genotype without significant difference between patients and control group (OR=1.10). While the frequency of the CC genotype was 14%, There is a clear significant difference between the group of patients and the comparison group (OR=1.56*). Mutations in the IL-6 gene were recorded in the gene bank with accession numbers. LC656471, LC656472, LC656473, LC656474, LC656475, LC656476, LC656477.
Preparation and Evaluation of Healthy Biscuits Using Germinated Wheat Flour and Germinated Pumpkin Seed Flour
Authors: Mazaal Aseel Mohammed , Abas Wedad Fadhil , Mousa Makarim Ali
Published: April 2022

The current study aimed to manufacture healthy biscuits by replacing local wheat flour (Bhouhouth class 22) Wheat flour 80% extraction rates (soft) with germinated wheat flour and germinated pumpkin seeds flour in the following proportions (5% germinated wheat flour and 5% germinated pumpkin flour) treatment A2 and (10% germinated wheat flour and 10 % germinated pumpkin flour) treatment A3, (15% germinated wheat flour and 15% germinated pumpkin flour) treatment A4 and (20% germinated wheat flour and 20% germinated pumpkin flour) treatment 5A respectively, in addition to the control treatment A1 (non- germinated wheat flour). The results of the chemical analysis showed an increase in the percentages of moisture, protein, Fat, ash and fiber in the different biscuit treatments compared to the control treatment and a decrease in the percentage of carbohydrates. The results showed an increase in the values of zinc, iron, phosphor, potassium, magnesium, sodium and calcium for the manufactured biscuits. The results also showed an increase in Fatty acids palmtic, stearic, oleic and linolenic to (18.57, 16.26, 58.3,72.78) mg/100gm for A4treatment, as for amino acids, no values of aspartic acid were observed in the control treatment, which amounted to 3.1, 4.1 and 5.1 for each of the treatments A2,A3,A4 respectively. Also, the values of vitamin C in all biscuit treatments increased to (3.6, 5.2, 6.7) mg/100g, respectively, after it was 2.4 mg/100g in the control treatment, and the sensory evaluation showed that the treatment of A2, A3, and A4 was significantly (p<0.05) superior to A1 treatment (control); as for A5treatment, it got the lowest scores in the sensory evaluation due to the appearance of bitterness in the taste due to the polyphenols that became apparent when the replacement percentages increased, so it was excluded. As for the diffusion rate of biscuits, it increased with the increase in the replacement rates to reach the highest percentage for A5 treatment, which amounted to 7.4 compared to the control treatment 6.5, and through these results, it can be said that the biscuits produced are healthy biscuits due to their high content of the required nutrients.
Hybrid Swarm Optimization based on Chicken and Bat for Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing
Authors: Almahdi Wijdan Abd
Published: April 2022

In the last few decades, the world has been evolved in the field of computing by implementing a fast, and efficient methods, and the cloud computing considered the most famous technology, that provide services to a specific application within virtualization. The significant basic mater in the environment of cloud computing referred as the task scheduling, which gain an important effect on all facilities of the cloud computing. The term of task scheduling refers to determining the best required resources to make the execution of the task happen, and multiple types of parameters should be considered in to account that have its effect on the success of the procedure including, time, cost, reliability, makespan, scalability, availability, throughput, and so on, in which the scheduling procedure should schedule the tasks to a specific virtual machine while minimizing the makespan, time, and cost. In this work a hybrid task scheduling algorithm is presented, which depends on the Bat algorithm, along with chicken swarm algorithm. For the purpose of evaluation of the hybrid algorithm, the attained results compared to the results obtained from implementing both of Bat, and Chicken swarm algorithms each alone. The experimental results illustrate that the average makespan of the hybrid algorithm is reduced relatively when comparing within the Bat, and the Chicken algorithm sequentially.
Comparison between Caudal and TAP Blocks Post-Inguinal Surgery Analgesia in Children
Authors: Alkayssi Hayder Abbas Khazal , Abood Dr. Kahtan Adnan
Published: April 2022

Background: The optimal and lonely method to achieve typical analgesia post-inguinal surgeries in children is still not determined. This study compared the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects between caudal analgesia and TAP (Transversus Abdominis Plane) block. Methods: 40 children (male) between 3-9 years old, with parental consent and institutional board approval, undergoing elective inguinal hernia repair surgery, randomly divided in two groups were enrolled in this study. Both groups received induction on Sevoflurane, Fentanyl, Propofol and Atracurium (dose dependent), with laryngeal mask airway and mechanical ventilated, maintenance on Sevoflurane and smoothly recovered. The first group (C) received caudal analgesia of Bupivacaine 0.25% (1ml/kg). The second group (T) received TAP block of Bupivacaine 0.25% (0.5 ml/kg). Pain was assessed by CHEOPS (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale). Parents also assessed pain (after explain and orient them) with Wong-Baker scale 0 (no pain) and 10 (worst pain imaginable). Results: The first group (C) of patients had about 240 ± 30 minutes, while the second group (T) had about 360 ± 60 minutes, early ambulation and feeding and finally, most of them missed the pain till they were home discharged. Conclusion: TAP block enhances comfortable long-time post-op state for the patients, especially the young age group as they are hardly pain dealt off. Also TAP block has an easily performed procedure with less dose and complications compared to the caudal ones.
Multimodal Depression Detection Using Audio, Visual and Textual Cues: A Survey
Authors: Mamidisetti Suresh , A. Mallikarjuna Reddy
Published: April 2022

In the recent past, mental health has become a global concern. COVID-19 has further caused a rapid surge in depression. Depression is a serious mental illness that is impacting the lives of individuals of all ages all around the world. Depression affects a person's physiological well-being as well as their emotional state. Now days, Depression is the most common element experienced by the human beings irrespective of their age factor and professional life. To detect the depression status among the persons, the system uses different approaches by using the sensor technology. The automatic identification of depression at early stages or immediately helps the clinical studies to cure the people accurately. In this proposed research, the system aims to identify the depression using facial expressions, voice, live video capturing, by analysing their tweets, status, posts in the social media. By applying computer vision integrated with ML and DL techniques, the entire capturing and analysis process gets automated and the complexity involved in the model designing gets reduced because the system focuses more on extracting the statistical features involved in movements and behaviour of the human being. Most of the existing research works focuses on the unimodal development which focuses on the single component analysis but the proposed research aims to focus on the multi modal with a fusion of different modalities of learning approaches involved in detection of depression, this survey provides an overview of numerous methodologies that have been created with the goal of employing emotion recognition to analyse depression.
Dynamical Fluctuation of Troposphere Height Over Baghdad City
Authors: Nemah Hussain Abodi , Mohammed Nagham Abbas , Nihad Zaki Khawla , Abdulkareem Iqbal H.
Published: April 2022

Troposphere height has a wide interaction with other atmospheric components, it gives a good indication about what happened inside, therefore this work tried to investigate the heat rate effect on troposphere height especially after the global warming intensity and increase temperature degree rate along the time, thus the study covered 13 years to understand the real behavior of troposphere. Data of this work given from the European center for medium-range weather forecasting (ECMWF) over Baghdad city, the result showed that there is a fluctuation with troposphere height and the difference between a higher and lower point in winter was about (120 m) and that was higher than its rate on summer which was about only (30 m), also the result denoted that the fluctuation frequency becomes lower in the late of the study period. On the other side, the study reached to that the coherence between the temperature fluctuation and troposphere height fluctuation become higher in summer as compared with winter but in general the troposphere height recorded increasing trend over time of the study period.
Assessment of Serum High Mobility Group Box - 1 Level as Predictor of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: AL-Khateeb Zahraa Maitham , Abdulsattar Dr. Sura A. , Salman Dr. Isam N.
Published: April 2022

Background: High mobility group B1 is linked to central ischemia damage, and after an ischemic insult, it is discharged to the extracellular space, so that it stimulates neuroinflammation, such as neuropathy, which considered as a serious complication of diabetes that is challenging to heal. Objective: is to investigate the changes of sera levels of High Mobility.Group Box-1 Protein. (HMGB-1) as well as its connection with the incidence of developing neuropathic complications among diabetic patients. Material & Methods: A 30 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy was included with another 30 patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 without complications and a 30 healthy subject as control group both sex-aged matched with the patients groups. This study included the measurement of serum high.mobility group box-1. (HMGB-1) by ELISA technique in addition to HbA1c by turbidimetric immunoassay technology, Fasting blood sugar and finally Lipid.profile (Total cholesterol,. LDL, VLDL,. HDL and. Triglycerides) were measured by spectrophotometer. Results: Analyzing the current data of samples (n=90) showed that the comparison between serum level of HMGB-1 was significant. The mean of HMGB_1 for NPDM (689.08± 104.63) was significantly higher than both for Non-NPDM (354.97±137.56), p<0.001 and for control (312.91±100.66), (p<0.001). Also serum levels of (Total Cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL) of NPDM patients were significantly higher (p<0.001) than both Non-NPDM and control groups. We conclude that serum level of HMGB-1 can be used as predictor marker of neuropathy complication of type 2 diabetes.
The Use of Pomegranate Shell Residues to Reinforcement the PMMA Used in Dentures
Authors: Shaker Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin was used in this research with pomegranate peel particles in weight fractions ((0,5,10,15,20,25,30% as a reinforcement material with a granular size of 45μm)). The samples were subjected to mechanical tests to study some mechanical properties (hardness, tensile, compressive) at laboratory temperature (27°C). The results of mechanical tests represented by (tensile, compressive) showed that the best value obtained for the tensile modulus is (68Mpa) at a mass fraction of 15%, and the best value for compressive strength (93 Mpa) at a mass fraction of 10%, while the hardness values reach the lowest value (70N/mm2 due to the increased reinforcement with pomegranate peels).