bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Bioflocculants from Flaxseed Gum and Fenugreek Gum for the Removal of Arsenicals from Water
Authors: Venegas-García Deysi J. , Wilson Lee D.
Published: December 2022

Mucilage-based flocculants are an alternative to synthetic flocculants and their use in sustainable water treatment relates to their non-toxic and biodegradable nature. Mucilage extracted from flaxseed (FSG) and fenugreek seed (FGG) was evaluated as natural flocculants in a coagulation–flocculation (CF) process for arsenic removal, and were compared against a commercial xanthan gum (XG). Mucilage materials were characterized by spectroscopy (FT-IR, 13C NMR), point-of-zero charge (pHpzc) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Box–Behnken design (BBD) with response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine optimal conditions for arsenic removal for the CF process for three independent variables: coagulant dosage, flocculant dosage and settling time. Two anionic systems were tested: S1, roxarsone (organic arsenate 50 mg L−1) at pH 7 and S2 inorganic arsenate (inorganic arsenate 50 mg L−1) at pH 7.5. Variable arsenic removal (RE, %) was achieved: 92.0 (S1-FSG), 92.3 (S1-FGG), 92.8 (S1-XG), 77.0 (S2-FSG), 69.6 (S2-FGG) and 70.6 (S2-XG) based on the BBD optimization. An in situ kinetic method was used to investigate arsenic removal, where the pseudo-first-order model accounts for the kinetic process. The FSG and FGG materials offer a sustainable alternative for the controlled removal of arsenic in water using a facile CF treatment process with good efficiency, as compared with a commercial xanthan gum.
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Modeling for Predicting Performance of SBS Modified Asphalt
Authors: Zhong Ke , Meng Qiao , Sun Mingzhi , Luo Guobao
Published: December 2022

Due to the superiorities of Styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) modified asphalt, it is widely used in civil engineering application. Meanwhile, accurately predicting and obtaining performance parameters of SBS modified asphalt in unison is difficult. At present, it is essential to discover an accurate and simple method between the input and output data. ANNs are used to model the performance and behavior of materials in place of conventional physical tests because of their adaptability and learning. The objective of this study discussed the application of ANNs in determining performance of SBS modified asphalt, based on attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) tests. A total of 150 asphalt mixtures were prepared from three matrix asphalt, two SBS modifiers and five modifier dosages. With the most suitable algorithm and number of neurons, an ANN model with seven hidden neurons was used to predict SBS content, needle penetration and softening point by using infrared spectral data of different modified asphalts as input. The results indicated that ANN-based models are valid for predicting the performance of SBS modified asphalt. The coefficient of determination (R2) of SBS content, softening point and penetration prediction models with the same grade of asphalt exceeded 99%, 98% and 96%, respectively. It can be concluded that ANNs can provide well-satisfied regression models between the SBS content and infrared spectrum statistics sets, and the precision of penetration and softening point model founded by the same grade of asphalt is high enough to can meet the forecast demand.
Open Hole Tension of 3D Printed Aligned Discontinuous Composites
Authors: Krajangsawasdi Narongkorn , Hamerton Ian , Woods Benjamin K. S. , Ivanov Dmitry S. , Longana Marco L.
Published: December 2022

This paper explores the use of Discontinuous Aligned Fibre Filament (DcAFF), a novel discontinuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic filament for 3D printing, to produce structural complex parts. Compared to conventional composite manufacturing, 3D printing has great potential in steering fibres around small structural features. In this current study, the initial thin carbon fibre (CF)-poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) tape, produced with the High Performance Discontinuous Fibre (HiPerDiF) technology, is now reshaped into a circular cross-section filament, the DcAFF, using a bespoke machine designed to be scalable to high production rates rather than using a labour-intensive manual moulding method as in previous work. The filaments are then fed to a general-purpose 3D printer. Tensile and open-hole tensile tests were considered in this paper for mechanical and processability of DcAFF. The 3D printed specimens fabricated with the DcAFF show superior tensile properties compared to other PLA-based 3D printed composites, even those containing continuous fibres. Curvilinear open-hole tensile test samples were fabricated to explore the processability and performances of such material in complex shapes. The mechanical performance of the produced specimens was benchmarked against conventionally laid-up specimens with a cut hole. Although the steered specimens produced have lower strength than the fully consolidated samples, the raster generated by the printing path has turned the failure mechanism of the composite from brittle to ductile.
Analysis and Measurement of Differential-Mode Magnetic Noise in Mn-Zn Soft Ferrite Shield for Ultra-Sensitive Sensors
Authors: Ma Danyue , Fang Xiujie , Lu Jixi , Wang Kun , Sun Bowen , Gao Yanan , Xu Xueping , Han Bangcheng
Published: December 2022

The magnetic noise generated by the ferrite magnetic shield affects the performance of ultra-sensitive atomic sensors. Differential measurement can effectively suppress the influence of common-mode (CM) magnetic noise, but the limit of suppression capability is not clear at present. In this paper, a finite element analysis model using power loss to calculate differential-mode (DM) magnetic noise under a ferrite magnetic shield is proposed. The experimental results confirm the feasibility of the model. An ultrahigh-sensitive magnetometer was built, the single channel magnetic noise measured and the differential-mode (DM) magnetic noise are 0.70 fT/Hz1/2 and 0.10 fT/Hz1/2 @30 Hz. The DM magnetic noise calculated by the proposed model is less than 5% different from the actual measured value. To effectively reduce DM magnetic noise, we analyze and optimize the structure parameters of the shield on the DM magnetic noise. When the outer diameter is fixed, the model is used to analyze the influence of the ratio of ferrite magnetic shielding thickness to outer diameter, the ratio of length to outer diameter, and the air gap between magnetic annuli on DM magnetic noise. The results show that the axial DM magnetic noise and radial DM magnetic noise reach the optimal values when the thickness to outer diameter ratio is 0.08 and 0.1. The ratio of length to outer diameter is negatively correlated with DM magnetic noise, and the air gap (0.1–1 mm) is independent of DM magnetic noise. The axial DM magnetic noise is less than that of radial DM magnetic noise. These results are useful for suppressing magnetic noise and breaking through the sensitivity of the magnetometer.
Numerical–Experimental Analysis toward the Strain Rate Sensitivity of 3D-Printed Nylon Reinforced by Short Carbon Fiber
Authors: Vanaei Hamid Reza , Magri Anouar El , Rastak Mohammad Ali , Vanaei Saeedeh , Vaudreuil Sébastien , Tcharkhtchi Abbas
Published: December 2022

Despite the application of the Additive Manufacturing process and the ability of parts’ construction directly from a 3D model, particular attention should be taken into account to improve their mechanical characteristics. In this paper, we present the effect of individual process variables and the strain-rate sensitivity of Onyx (Nylon mixed with chopped carbon fiber) manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), using both experimental and simulation manners. The main objective of this paper is to present the effect of the selected printing parameters (print speed and platform temperature) and the sensitivity of the 3D-printed specimen to the strain rate during tensile behavior. A strong variation of tensile behavior for each set of conditions has been observed during the quasi-static tensile test. The variation of 40 °C in the platform temperature results in a 10% and 11% increase in Young’s modulus and tensile strength, and 8% decrease in the failure strain, respectively. The variation of 20 mm·s−1 in print speed results in a 14% increase in the tensile strength and 11% decrease in the failure strain. The individual effect of process variables is inevitable and affects the mechanical behavior of the 3D-printed composite, as observed from the SEM micrographs (ductile to brittle fracture). The best condition according to their tensile behavior was chosen to investigate the strain rate sensitivity of the printed specimens both experimentally and using Finite Element (FE) simulations. As observed, the strain rate clearly affects the failure mechanism and the predicted behavior using the FE simulation. Increase in the elongation speed from 1 mm·min−1 to 100 mm·min−1, results in a considerable increase in Young’s modulus. SEM micrographs demonstrated that although the mechanical behavior of the material varied by increasing the strain rate, the failure mechanism altered from ductile to brittle failure.
Durability and Corrosion Resistance Test of Adhesive Joints Using Two Adherence Promoters for the Connection of Aerospace Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Chomiak Monika , Sałaciński Michał , Gołębiowski Filip , Broda Piotr
Published: December 2022

This article presents the technology of making an adhesive joint using two primers: Corrosion Inhibiting Primer BR127 (previously used, containing chromium compounds) and, as a potential substitute, Structural Adhesives Primer EW 5000 AS (which does not contain any compounds harmful to the environment). An adhesive film and a sol–gel primer were used to make the joint of two aluminum sheets, and various technologies were used for applying adhesion promoters. The mechanical properties of the prepared samples were tested using two test methods: wedge tests and shear strength tests. In both cases, the samples were aged in laboratory conditions in tap water, and in a climatic chamber (with increased temperature and humidity). The obtained results indicate that the best technology for preparing the joint using each primer is the technology that assumes heating the primer and hardening the adhesive film in one operation. The results of the strength tests indicate that the samples made using the EW 5000 AS primer have higher strength properties under all tested seasoning conditions compared to samples made using the BR 127 primer. It was also confirmed that the presence of moisture and/or water reduces the mechanical strength of the adhesive joints independently of the primer used. The results of the polymer coatings tests to protect the aluminum substrate against corrosion showed that the coatings are only effective for a certain period of time, and, as a result of the NSS test, after 480 h, all the samples were subject to corrosion.
Optimization Design of Automotive Body Stiffness Using a Boundary Hybrid Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhong Haolong , Xu Ting , Yang Jianglin , Sun Meng , Gao Fei
Published: December 2022

At the conceptual design stage, it is critical to use appropriate structural analysis and optimization methods. The thin-walled beam transfer matrix method (TBTMM) is adopted to establish the mathematical model of the simplified vehicle body-in-white (BIW) structure in this paper and compare it with the results of the finite element method (S-FEM) to verify the approach. In addition, on the basis of the boundary simulation genetic algorithm (BSGA) and local search procedure, a boundary hybrid genetic algorithm (BHGA) is proposed. BHGA is benchmarked on 20 test functions and is compared with current meta-heuristic algorithms to prove its effectiveness and universality. Finally, considering the bending and torsional stiffness constraints, BIW conceptual model is lightweight and designed with an optimizer.
Event-Triggered Optimal Consensus of Heterogeneous Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems
Authors: Ji Yunfeng , Wang Gang , Li Qingdu , Wang Chaoli
Published: December 2022

This paper deals with optimal consensus problems of a general heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent system. A novel filter is proposed for each agent by integrating local gradients with neighboring output information. Using this filter and introducing an appropriate auxiliary variable, the event-triggered control algorithm is obtained within the framework of the prescribed performance control. One of the remarkable properties of the proposed algorithm is that it can save resources by updating control signals only when necessary rather than periodically while achieving optimal consensus. Theoretical and simulation verifications of the algorithm without the Zeno behavior are carefully studied. Instructions are also presented for control parameter selection to keep the residual errors as small as desired.
An Optimized Double-Nested Anti-Missile Force Deployment Based on the Deep Kuhn–Munkres Algorithm
Authors: Sun Wen , Cao Zeyang , Wang Gang , Song Yafei , Guo Xiangke
Published: December 2022

In view of a complex multi-factor interaction relationship and high uncertainty of a battlefield environment in the anti-missile troop deployment, this paper analyzes the relationships between the defending stronghold, weapon system, incoming target, and ballistic missile. In addition, a double nested optimization architecture is designed by combining deep learning hierarchy concept and hierarchical dimensionality reduction processing. Moreover, a deployment model based on the double nested optimization architecture is constructed with the interception arc length as an optimization goal and based on the basic deployment model, kill zone model, and cover zone model. Further, by combining the target full coverage adjustment criterion and depth-first search, a deep Kuhn–Munkres algorithm is proposed. The model is validated by simulations of typical scenes. The results verify the rationality and feasibility of the proposed model, high adaptability of the proposed algorithm. The research of this paper has important enlightenment and reference function for solving the force deployment optimization problems in uncertain battlefield environment.
Implementation of the Hindmarsh–Rose Model Using Stochastic Computing
Authors: Camps Oscar , Stavrinides Stavros G. , de Benito Carol , Picos Rodrigo
Published: December 2022

The Hindmarsh–Rose model is one of the most used models to reproduce spiking behaviour in biological neurons. However, since it is defined as a system of three coupled differential equations, its implementation can be burdensome and impractical for a large number of elements. In this paper, we present a successful implementation of this model within a stochastic computing environment. The merits of the proposed approach are design simplicity, due to stochastic computing, and the ease of implementation. Simulation results demonstrated that the approximation achieved is equivalent to introducing a noise source into the original model, in order to reproduce the actual observed behaviour of the biological systems. A study for the level of noise introduced, according to the number of bits in the stochastic sequence, has been performed. Additionally, we demonstrate that such an approach, even though it is noisy, reproduces the behaviour of biological systems, which are intrinsically noisy. It is also demonstrated that using some 18–19 bits are enough to provide a speedup of x2 compared to biological systems, with a very small number of gates, thus paving the road for the in silico implementation of large neuron networks.
Generalization of Reset Controllers to Fractional Orders
Authors: Paz Henrique , Valério Duarte
Published: December 2022

Reset control is a simple non-linear control technique that can help overcome the structural limitations of linear control. Fractional control uses the concept of fractional derivatives to expand the range of possibilities when modeling a controller, making it more robust. Fractional reset control merges the advantages of both areas and is the object of this paper. Fractional-order versions of different reset controllers were implemented, namely a fractional Clegg integrator, a fractional generalized first-order reset element, a fractional generalized second-order reset element, and fractional “constant in gain lead in phase” controllers with first- and second-order reset elements. These were computed directly from a numerical implementation of the Grünwald–Letnikov definition of fractional derivatives, and their performances were analyzed.
Note on the Numerical Solutions of Unsteady Flow and Heat Transfer of Jeffrey Fluid Past Stretching Sheet with Soret and Dufour Effects
Authors: Nabwey Hossam A. , Mushtaq Muhammad , Nadeem Muhammad , Ashraf Muhammad , Rashad Ahmed M. , Alshber Sumayyah I. , Hawsah Miad A.
Published: December 2022

A numerical investigation of unsteady boundary layer flow with heat and mass transfer of non-Newtonian fluid model, namely, Jeffrey fluid subject, to the significance of Soret and Dufour effects is carried out by using the local nonsimilarity method and homotopy analysis method. An excellent agreement in the numerical results obtained by both methods is observed and we establish a new mathematical approach to obtain the solutions of unsteady-state flow with heat and mass transfer phenomenons. Similarity transformation is applied to governing boundary layer partial differential equations to obtain the set of self-similar, nondimensional partial differential equations. Graphical results for different emerging parameters are discussed. The dimensionless quantities of interest skin friction coefficient, Sherwood number, and Nusselt number are discussed through tabulated results. The main novelty of the current work is that the average residual error of the mth-order approximation of the OHAM scheme for steady-state solution is decreased for higher-order approximation. Further, a rapid development of the boundary layer thickness with the increasing values of dimensionless time τ is observed. It is noted that for large values of τ, the steady state in the flow pattern is gained. It is worth mentioning that the magnitude of Sherwood number is increased with the increasing values of Schmidt number Sc and Dufour number Df. The magnitude of local Nisselt number is increased for the increasing values of Soret number, Sr.
Uncertainty-Based Autonomous Path Planning for Laser Line Scanners
Authors: Vlaeyen Michiel , Haitjema Han , Dewulf Wim
Published: December 2022

This study proposes an algorithm to autonomously generate the scan path for a laser line scanner mounted on a coordinate measuring machine. The scan path is determined based on task-specific measurement uncertainty in order to prove conformance to specified tolerances. The novelty of the algorithm is the integration of measurement uncertainty. This development is made possible by recent developments for digital twins of optical measurement systems. Furthermore, the algorithm takes all the constraints of this optical measurement system into account. The proposed algorithm is validated on different objects with different surface characteristics. The validation is performed experimentally by a physical measurement system and virtually by an in-house developed digital twin. The validation proves that theoretical coverable areas are measured properly, and the method applied to the equipment used leads to adequate measurement paths that give measurements results with sufficient measurement uncertainty to prove conformance to specifications.
Experimental Investigation: Vibration Measurement of a Rotating Blade with Digital Image Correlation and Blade Tip-Timing
Authors: Liang Zhonghan , Zhang Yuxiang , Yue Lin
Published: December 2022

High cycle fatigue has been known as an important form of aeroengine blade failure. This study aims to achieve a method of investigation for a rotating blade vibration measurement, combining the two non-contact optical techniques of digital image correlation (DIC) and blade tip-timing (BTT). Dynamic parameters of a thin-blade were obtained on a stationary vibration platform with stereo-DIC system. Meanwhile, the finite element analysis (FEA) of this thin-blade was performed within different rotating speeds. Then, the set of thin-blades was mounted in a simulated compressor test rig equipped with BTT and a wireless strain gauge (SG) system. A rotor speed sweep experiment was carried out and the blade synchronous resonance parameters were extracted. Results show that the displacement mode shapes match well between DIC and FEA, and that MAC values of the first six order modes are over than 0.88. The predicting strain from the FE model and SG agreed to within 32.41% in the worst case, and the predicting strain from the DIC model corresponds to 28.53% in the worst case. This is an effective non-contact, high-precision full-field deformation measurement method that is worth exploring for structural design and dynamic strain assessment of vibrating components.
Viscosity-Controllable Graphene Oxide Colloids Using Electrophoretically Deposited Graphene Oxide Sheets
Authors: Choi Jinseok , Park Seong-Gyu , Choi Yeo-Jin , Baek Seung-Mun , Kim Han-Jung , Kim Yoonkap , Im Ki-Sik , An Sung-Jin
Published: December 2022

Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the interesting ink materials owing to its fascinating properties, such as high dissolubility in water and high controllable electric properties. For versatile printing application, the viscosity of GO colloids should be controlled in order to meet the specific process requirements. Here, we report on the relatively rapid fabrication of viscosity-increased GO (VIGO) colloids mixed with electrophoretically deposited GO sheets (EPD-GO). As the GO colloid concentration, applied voltage, and deposition time increase, the viscosity of the GO colloids becomes high. The reason for the improved viscosity of GO colloids is because EPD-GO has parallel stacked GO sheets. The GO and VIGO colloids are compared and characterized using various chemical and structural analyzers. Consequently, our simple and fast method for the fabrication of GO colloids with enhanced viscosity can be used for producing inks for flexible and printed electronics.
Ring-Core Fluxgate Sensor for High Operation Temperatures up to 220 °C
Authors: Yuan Kaixin , Du Aimin , Zhao Lin , Sun Shuquan , Feng Xiao , Zhang Chenhao , Zhang Yiming , Qin Huafeng
Published: December 2022

Fluxgate sensors are key devices for magnetic field surveys in geophysics. In areas such as deep drilling, fluxgate sensors may have to operate steadily at high temperatures for a prolonged period of time. We present an accordant ring-core type fluxgate sensor that is stable up to 220 °C. The high temperature consistency is achieved by using an Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetic core, PEEK structural components, an epoxy resin wrapping, as well as a broadband short-circuited working mode. The sensor was characterized at various temperatures up to 220 °C by evaluating impedance, hysteresis, permeability and sensitivity. We found a sensitivity of approximately 24 kV/T at 25 °C with an acceptable temperature coefficient of 742 ppm/°C throughout the range. The variation law of magnetic characteristics and their influence mechanism on output amplitude and phase are discussed.
Polishing Performance and Removal Mechanism of Core-Shell Structured Diamond/SiO2 Abrasives on Sapphire Wafer
Authors: Zhao Guangen , Xu Yongchao , Wang Qianting , Liu Jun , Zhan Youji , Chen Bingsan
Published: December 2022

Corrosive and toxic solutions are normally employed to polish sapphire wafers, which easily cause environmental pollution. Applying green polishing techniques to obtain an ultrasmooth sapphire surface that is scratch-free and has low damage at high polishing efficiency is a great challenge. In this paper, novel diamond/SiO2 composite abrasives were successfully synthesized by a simplified sol-gel strategy. The prepared composite abrasives were used in the semi-fixed polishing technology of sapphire wafers, where the polishing slurry contains only deionized water and no other chemicals during the whole polishing process, effectively avoiding environmental pollution. The experimental results showed that diamond/SiO2 composite abrasives exhibited excellent polishing performance, along with a 27.2% decrease in surface roughness, and the material removal rate was increased by more than 8.8% compared with pure diamond. Furthermore, through characterizations of polished sapphire surfaces and wear debris, the chemical action mechanism of composite abrasives was investigated, which confirmed the solid-state reaction between the SiO2 shell and the sapphire surface. Finally, applying the elastic-plastic contact model revealed that the reduction of indentation depth and the synergistic effect of chemical corrosion and mechanical removal are the keys to improving polishing performance.
A New Methodology for Rockfall Hazard Assessment in Rocky Slopes
Authors: Silveira Larissa Regina Costa , Lana Milene Sabino , Alameda-Hernández Pedro , dos Santos Tatiana Barreto
Published: December 2022

This article presents an approach to rockfall hazard assessment for rocky slopes based on a previously published rockfall hazard methodology. The original method is appropriate to high alpine rocky slopes exposed to large scale deformations. It evaluates the parameters related to the geomechanical characterization of rock mass, indications of activity, external influences and event intensity. The original methodology was modified to consider different contexts, including geological, climatic and social environments. Parameters related to external influences were modified; the geometry and characteristics of the slope and the catchment area were introduced. The original methodology and the new proposal were applied to two urban slopes and one railway slope in order to test and compare the methods. The original proposal could not represent the rockfall conditions of these slopes. The new proposal was validated using two mine slopes, whose conditions of stability are known. The results of the analyses with the urban slope and the railway slope were coherent with the situation observed at the field. The validation in the mine slopes showed that this approach is applicable in several situations, being able to determine how hazardous a slope is in relation to rockfall events.
An Effective Chromatography Process for Simultaneous Purification and Separation of Total Lignans and Flavonoids from Valeriana amurensis
Authors: Zhang Manli , Yang Bingyou , Ye Minhui , Chen Jianqing , Liu Yan , Wang Changfu
Published: December 2022

An effective chromatography process was developed and validated for simultaneous purification and separation of total lignans and flavonoids from Valeriana amurensis. The total lignans and flavonoids in Valeriana amurensis extract were prepurified with macroporous resin column chromatography, and the conditions were optimized as follows: 40 mg/mL Valeriana amurensis extract (2.0 g) solution was loaded onto an AB-8 resin column with a diameter-to-height ratio of 1:7, followed by adsorption for 6 h; then, the column was eluted successively with 5 BV water and 10% and 50% ethanol at a flow rate 2 BV/h. The obtained 50% ethanol fraction was further repurified and separated by polyamide resin column chromatography to obtain the total lignans and flavonoids, respectively. The chromatography conditions were optimized as follows: a 50% ethanol fraction (1.0 g) was mixed with 1.0 g polyamide resin and loaded onto a polyamide resin (60–100 mesh) column with a diameter-to-height ratio of 1:3; then, the column was eluted successively with 6 BV water and 40% and 80% ethanol at a flow rate of 4 BV/h. The total lignans and flavonoids were obtained from water and 80% ethanol fraction, respectively. The content and recovery of standard compounds in total lignans and flavonoids were analyzed with HPLC-PDA, and the feasibility of the process was confirmed.
Zebrafish Models for Skeletal Muscle Senescence: Lessons from Cell Cultures and Rodent Models
Authors: Ichii Shogo , Matsuoka Izumi , Okazaki Fumiyoshi , Shimada Yasuhito
Published: December 2022

Human life expectancy has markedly increased over the past hundred years. Consequently, the percentage of elderly people is increasing. Aging and sarcopenic changes in skeletal muscles not only reduce locomotor activities in elderly people but also increase the chance of trauma, such as bone fractures, and the incidence of other diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, due to reduced physical activity. Exercise therapy is currently the only treatment and prevention approach for skeletal muscle aging. In this review, we aimed to summarize the strategies for modeling skeletal muscle senescence in cell cultures and rodents and provide future perspectives based on zebrafish models. In cell cultures, in addition to myoblast proliferation and myotube differentiation, senescence induction into differentiated myotubes is also promising. In rodents, several models have been reported that reflect the skeletal muscle aging phenotype or parts of it, including the accelerated aging models. Although there are fewer models of skeletal muscle aging in zebrafish than in mice, various models have been reported in recent years with the development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and further advancements in the field using zebrafish models are expected in the future.
Effects of Berberine against Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Vlavcheski Filip , O’Neill Eric J. , Gagacev Filip , Tsiani Evangelia
Published: December 2022

The pancreas is a glandular organ with endocrine and exocrine functions necessary for the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis and secretion of digestive enzymes. Pancreatitis is characterized by inflammation of the pancreas leading to temporary or permanent pancreatic dysfunction. Inflammation and fibrosis caused by chronic pancreatitis exacerbate malignant transformation and significantly increase the risk of developing pancreatic cancer, the world’s most aggressive cancer with a 5-year survival rate less than 10%. Berberine (BBR) is a naturally occurring plant-derived polyphenol present in a variety of herbal remedies used in traditional medicine to treat ulcers, infections, jaundice, and inflammation. The current review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo evidence on the effects of BBR against pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer with a focus on the signalling mechanisms underlying the effects of BBR.
Surface Functionalization of Face Masks with Cold Plasma and Its Effect in Anchoring Polyphenols Extracted from Agri-Food
Authors: Cicogna Francesca , Bramanti Emilia , Campanella Beatrice , Caporali Stefano , Panariello Luca , Cristallini Caterina , Ishak Randa , Barbani Niccoletta , Passaglia Elisa , Coiai Serena
Published: December 2022

To improve the capability of non-woven polypropylene-based fabric (NWF-PP) used for face mask production to retain active biomolecules such as polyphenols, the surface functionalization of NWF-PP–directly cut from face masks–was carried out by employing cold plasma with oxygen. The nature/structure of the functional groups, as well as the degree of functionalization, were evaluated by ATR-FTIR and XPS by varying the experimental conditions (generator power, treatment time, and oxygen flow). The effects of plasma activation on mechanical and morphological characteristics were evaluated by stress–strain measurements and SEM analysis. The ability of functionalized NWF-PP to firmly anchor polyphenols extracted from cloves was estimated by ATR-FTIR analysis, IR imaging, extractions in physiological solution, and OIT analysis (before and after extraction), as well as by SEM analysis. All the results obtained converge in showing that, although the plasma treatment causes changes–not only on the surface–with certain detriment to the mechanical performance of the NWF-PP, the incorporated functionalities are able to retain/anchor the active molecules extracted from the cloves, thus stabilizing the treated surfaces against thermo-oxidation even after prolonged extraction.
Anti-Biofouling Electrochemical Sensor Based on the Binary Nanocomposite of Silica Nanochannel Array and Graphene for Doxorubicin Detection in Human Serum and Urine Samples
Authors: Lv Ning , Qiu Xun , Han Qianqian , Xi Fengna , Wang Yina , Chen Jun
Published: December 2022

A disposable and portable electrochemical sensor was fabricated by integrating vertically-ordered silica mesoporous films (VMSF) and electrochemically reduced graphene (ErGO) on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Such VMSF/ErGO/SPCEs could be prepared by a simple and controllable electrochemical method. Stable growth of VMSF on SPCE could be accomplished by the introduction of an adhesive ErGO nanolayer owing to its oxygen-containing groups and two-dimensional (2D) planar structure. An outer VMSF layer acting as a protective coating is able to prevent the leakage of the inner ErGO layer from the SPCE surface. Thanks to the electrostatic permselectivity and anti-fouling capacity of VMSF and to the good electroactive activity of ErGO, binary nanocomposites of VMSF and ErGO endow the SPCE with excellent analytical performance, which could be used to quantitatively detect doxorubicin (DOX) in biological samples (human serum and urine) with high sensitivity, good long-term stability, and low sample amounts.
Melatonin Inhibits EMT in Bladder Cancer by Targeting Autophagy
Authors: Hsiao Sheng-Yen , Tang Chih-Hsin , Chen Po-Chun , Lin Tien-Huang , Chao Chia-Chia
Published: December 2022

Melatonin, a naturally biosynthesized molecule secreted by the pineal gland, exhibits antitumor activities against several different types of cancer. The mechanisms of action of melatonin against tumor progression involve cellular apoptosis, antimetastatic activity, antioxidant and mutagenic effects, antiangiogenic activity, and the restoration of cancer immune surveillance. Melatonin has anticancer activity when administered alone or in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents, with measurable improvements seen in the clinical endpoints of tumor regression and patient survival. However, scant clinical evidence supports the use of melatonin in bladder cancer treatment. Our study has found that melatonin treatment suppresses the bladder cancer cell migratory ability by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, which appears to be linked to melatonin-induced decreases in bladder cancer cell autophagy. Finally, an evaluation of in vivo melatonin-induced antitumor effects in an orthotopic animal model of bladder cancer indicated that melatonin treatment slightly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Our study offers novel insights into the use of melatonin in bladder cancer treatment.
Comparison of Associations between MIND and Mediterranean Diet Scores with Patient-Reported Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Fox Devon J. , Park Sarah JaeHwa , Mischley Laurie K.
Published: December 2022

The Mediterranean (MEDI) and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets have been associated with a reduced risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis. However, studies evaluating whether these diets are associated with disease progression in those patients already diagnosed are lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether MIND and MEDI scores were associated with improved patient-reported outcomes. Additionally, we sought to explore which questions on the MIND and MEDI scales were more strongly correlated with PD symptom severity. Data were obtained from the ongoing Modifiable Variables in Parkinsonism study, using patient-reported outcomes in Parkinson’s disease (PRO-PD) as the primary measure for symptom severity, and MIND and MEDI scales for diet score. After adjusting for age, gender, income, and years since diagnosis, for each 1-point increase in the MIND and MEDI scores, PRO-PD scores were 52.9 points lower (95%CI: −66.4, −39.4; p < 0.001) and 25.6 points lower (95%CI: −37.2, −14.0; p < 0.001), respectively (N = 1205). This study suggests MIND and MEDI scores are associated with fewer patient-reported symptoms over time, with each MIND point being twice as strong as a MEDI point in reducing symptom severity. Future dietary intervention trials should consider the MIND diet as a therapeutic strategy for improving long-term PD outcomes.
Cohort Study of Maternal Gestational Weight Gain, Gestational Diabetes, and Childhood Asthma
Authors: Dumas Orianne , Arroyo Anna Chen , Faridi Mohammad Kamal , James Kaitlyn , Hsu Sarah , Powe Camille , Camargo Carlos A.
Published: December 2022

Data on the association of maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with childhood asthma are limited and inconsistent. We aimed to investigate these associations in a U.S. pre-birth cohort. Analyses included 16,351 mother–child pairs enrolled in the Massachusetts General Hospital Maternal-Child Cohort (1998–2010). Data were obtained by linking electronic health records for prenatal visits/delivery to determine BMI, GWG, and GDM (National Diabetes Data Group criteria) and to determine asthma incidence and allergies (atopic dermatitis or allergic rhinitis) for children. The associations of prenatal exposures with asthma were evaluated using logistic regression adjusted for maternal characteristics. A total of 2306 children (14%) developed asthma by age 5 years. Overall, no association was found between GWG and asthma. GDM was positively associated with offspring asthma (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.14–1.88). Associations between GDM and asthma were observed only among mothers with early pregnancy BMI between 20 and 24.9 kg/m2 (OR 2.31, CI 1.46–3.65, p-interaction 0.02). We report novel findings on the impact of prenatal exposures on asthma, including increased risk among mothers with GDM, particularly those with a normal BMI. These findings support the strengthening of interventions targeted toward a healthier pregnancy, which may also be helpful for childhood asthma prevention.
Sleep Deprivation and Central Appetite Regulation
Authors: Liu Shuailing , Wang Xiya , Zheng Qian , Gao Lanyue , Sun Qi
Published: December 2022

Research shows that reduced sleep duration is related to an increased risk of obesity. The relationship between sleep deprivation and obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic diseases may be related to the imbalance of appetite regulation. To comprehensively illustrate the specific relationship between sleep deprivation and appetite regulation, this review introduces the pathophysiology of sleep deprivation, the research cutting edge of animal models, and the central regulatory mechanism of appetite under sleep deprivation. This paper summarizes the changes in appetite-related hormones orexin, ghrelin, leptin, and insulin secretion caused by long-term sleep deprivation based on the epidemiology data and animal studies that have established sleep deprivation models. Moreover, this review analyzes the potential mechanism of associations between appetite regulation and sleep deprivation, providing more clues on further studies and new strategies to access obesity and metabolic disease.
Wild Watermelon-Extracted Juice Ingestion Reduces Peripheral Arterial Stiffness with an Increase in Nitric Oxide Production: A Randomized Crossover Pilot Study
Authors: Fujie Shumpei , Iemitsu Keiko , Inoue Kenichiro , Ogawa Taro , Nakashima Ayaka , Suzuki Kengo , Iemitsu Motoyuki
Published: December 2022

Wild watermelon contains various nutrients, but the effect of its acute ingestion on arterial stiffness is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether a single bout of acute ingestion of wild watermelon-extracted juice decreased arterial stiffness concomitant with an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. Twelve healthy young female participants were tested under two conditions in a randomized, double-blind crossover study: (1) a beverage containing 90 g of wild watermelon extract and (2) a control beverage: a placebo. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), an index of arterial stiffness, blood flow, and plasma nitrate/nitrite (NOx) levels were measured in the supine position at 30, 60, and 90 min after the intake of each beverage. The changes in femoral-ankle PWV were significantly reduced after wild watermelon-extracted juice intake compared to those in the placebo group. Additionally, the changes in blood flow in the posterior tibial artery and plasma NOx levels after intake of wild watermelon-extracted juice were significantly increased compared to those in the placebo group. These data show that acute ingestion of wild watermelon-extracted juice reduces peripheral (lower limb) arterial stiffness and increases NO bioavailability. To confirm these associations, more detailed investigations of the nutrients that influence these effects should be conducted.
Association between Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Levels and Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hamdan Hamdan Z. , Ali Tasneem , Adam Ishag
Published: December 2022

Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is claimed to be associated with the development of preeclampsia, yet the reports are inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between RBP4 levels and preeclampsia. The PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect databases were searched for studies that investigated RBP4 levels in preeclampsia patients and compared them with normal controls. The meta-analysis was conducted by calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) of RBP4 between cases and controls. The meta package with the R software was used to perform all statistical analysis. A total of 13 studies, comprising 569 cases and 1411 controls, met the inclusion criteria and were thus included in the meta-analysis. According to the random effect model, the SMD of RBP4 was significantly higher in women with preeclampsia compared with normal controls [SMD of RBP4: 0.55 ng/mL; 95% CI (0.06; 1.05); p = 0.028; I2 = 89%]. Likewise, the stratified meta-analysis showed the same pattern in the studies which measured RBP4 levels in the third trimester, as well as in the studies that investigated severe preeclampsia. Meta-regression did not identify any factor that significantly affected the overall estimate. There was no evidence of reporting bias (Egger’s test; t = 0.43; p = 0.587). This meta-analysis with high heterogeneity showed that higher levels of RBP4 were associated with preeclampsia risk. More longitudinal studies spanning the three trimester periods are needed to clarify the association of RBP4 and its dynamics in preeclampsia cases throughout pregnancy.
Correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D/D3 Deficiency and COVID-19 Disease Severity in Adults from Northern Colorado
Authors: Baxter Bridget A. , Ryan Michaela G. , LaVergne Stephanie M. , Stromberg Sophia , Berry Kailey , Tipton Madison , Natter Nicole , Nudell Nikiah , McFann Kim , Dunn Julie , Webb Tracy L. , Armstrong Michael , Reisdorph Nichole , Ryan Elizabeth P.
Published: December 2022

Vitamin D deficiency is common in the United States and leads to altered immune function, including T cell and macrophage activity that may impact responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study investigated 131 adults with a history of a positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal PCR and 18 adults with no COVID-19 diagnosis that were recruited from the community or hospital into the Northern Colorado Coronavirus Biorepository (NoCo-COBIO). Participants consented to enrollment for a period of 6 months and provided biospecimens at multiple visits for longitudinal analysis. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were quantified by LC-MS/MS at the initial visit (n = 149) and after 4 months (n = 89). Adults were classified as deficient (<30 nM or <12 ng/mL), insufficient (<30–50 nM or 12–20 ng/mL), or optimal (50–75 nM or >20 ng/mL) for 25-hydroxyvitamin D status. Fisher’s exact test demonstrated an association between disease severity, gender, and body mass index (BMI) at baseline. Mixed model analyses with Tukey-Kramer were used for longitudinal analysis according to BMI. Sixty-nine percent (n = 103) of the entire cohort had optimal levels of total 25(OH)D, 22% (n = 32) had insufficient levels, and 9% (n = 14) had deficent levels. Participants with severe disease (n = 37) had significantly lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (total 25(OH)D) when compared to adults with mild disease (p = 0.006) or no COVID-19 diagnosis (p = 0.007). There was 44% of the cohort with post-acute sequalae of COVID-19 (PASC) as defined by experiencing at least one of the following symptoms after 60 days’ post-infection: fatigue, dyspnea, joint pain, chest pain, forgetfulness or absent-mindedness, confusion, or difficulty breathing. While significant differences were detected in 25-hydroxyvitamin D status by sex and BMI, there were no correlations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D for those without and without PASC. This longitudinal study of COVID-19 survivors demonstrates an important association between sex, BMI, and disease severity for 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency during acute stages of infection, yet it is not clear whether supplementation efforts would influence long term outcomes such as developing PASC.
Dihydroquercetin Supplementation Improved Hepatic Lipid Dysmetabolism Mediated by Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Fed Mice
Authors: Wang Mengyu , Han Hui , Wan Fan , Zhong Ruqing , Do Yoon Jung , Oh Sang-Ik , Lu Xuemeng , Liu Lei , Yi Bao , Zhang Hongfu
Published: December 2022

Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is a natural flavonoid with multiple bioactivities, including hepatoprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate whether DHQ improved lipid dysmetabolism in the body, especially in the liver, and whether there is a relationship between hepatic metabolism and altered gut flora in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice. HFD-induced mice were given 50 mg/kg body weight DHQ intragastrically for 10 weeks. The data showed that DHQ reduced body weight, the weight of the liver and white adipose tissue as well as serum leptin, LPS, triglyceride and cholesterol levels. RNA-seq results indicated that DHQ down-regulated lipogenesis-related genes and up-regulated fatty acid oxidation-related genes, including MOGAT1 and CPT1A. Furthermore, DHQ had a tendency to decrease hepatic cholesterol contents by reducing the mRNA levels of cholesterol synthesis genes such as FDPS and HMGCS1. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that DHQ significantly decreased the richness of Lactococcus, Lachnoclostridium, and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group. Correlation analysis further demonstrated that these bacteria, Lactococcus and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group in particular, had significantly positive correlation with lipid and cholesterol synthesis genes, and negative correlation with fatty acid oxidation genes. In conclusion, DHQ could improve hepatic lipid dysmetabolism potentially by improved gut microbial community, which may be used as an intervention strategy in hepatic metabolism diseases.