bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling PM2.5 During Severe Atmospheric Pollution Episode in Lagos, Nigeria: Spatiotemporal Variations, Source Apportionment, and Meteorological Influences
Authors: Sulaymon Ishaq Dimeji , Zhang Yuanxun , Hopke Philip K. , Ye Fei , Gong Kangjia , Mao Jianjiong , Hu Jianlin
Published: June 2023

In 2021, the World Health Organization ranked Nigeria among the most polluted nations in the world, an indication of a deteriorating air quality, especially in the major urban areas of the country, which might pose adverse human health impacts. In this study, the Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM) tool in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model (CMAQ‐ISAM) was employed to quantify the contributions of eight emissions sectors to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its major components in Lagos during a prolonged severe atmospheric pollution episode (APE) in January 2021. The influence of meteorological conditions on the formation and dispersion of PM2.5 during the APE was also elucidated. Spatially, elevated PM2.5 concentrations were found in the northwestern region of Lagos, an urban area with larger anthropogenic emissions. Residential and industry were the two major sources of PM2.5. Residential contributed the most to total PM2.5 (∼40 μg/m3), followed by industry (∼20 μg/m3). High concentrations of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) at the northwest and upper northern areas of Lagos were majorly attributed to residential and industry sectors. In addition, sulfate accounted for the largest fraction of PM2.5, with residential, industry, and energy being its major sources. Residential, industry, and on‐road sectors dominated the contributions to nitrate, while residential and industry were the major contributors to ammonium. Furthermore, the elevated PM2.5 concentrations during the APE were greatly enhanced by unfavorable meteorological conditions. This study provides insights for designing effective emissions control strategies to mitigate future severe PM2.5 pollution episode in Lagos.
Influence of Atmospheric Circulation on Orientation of Auroral Arcs
Authors: Kozlovsky A. , Myllymaa M. , Lukianova R. , Raita T. , Lester M.
Published: June 2023

We investigated statistically the orientation of about 10,000 auroral arcs observed during 2016–2021 in Abisko (68.36°N, 18.81°E, Sweden) in the equatorward part of the nightside auroral oval. The observations were made between 19 and 06 magnetic local time (MLT). On average, the orientation of the arcs, that is, the angle between an arc and the West‐East direction, linearly changed with MLT at the rate 2.2°/hr. In most cases the mean orientation of the auroral arcs near midnight was parallel to the geomagnetic latitude of Abisko, except a few late winter or spring months. These anomalies cannot be explained by geomagnetic disturbances or interplanetary conditions. They do, however, coincide with spring transitions in the atmospheric circulations from winter‐to summer‐type. The spring transitions were manifested in the data of a meteor radar in the region of observations as reversals of the zonal wind at altitudes 90–100 km from eastward to westward. We propose that these spring transition changes in the global atmospheric circulation couple also the overlying thermosphere at 100–150 km where neutral winds may affect the ionosphere and subsequently the whole ionosphere‐magnetosphere system. Then, changes in the coupled ionosphere‐magnetosphere system are manifested in changes of the orientation of auroral arcs.
The Mars Atmosphere Water Ice Aerosol Climatology by MRO/CRISM: 5 Mars Years of Observations
Authors: Khayat Alain S. J. , Smith Michael D. , Wolff Michael J. , Guzewich Scott D. , Mason Emily L. , Atwood Samuel
Published: June 2023

We use near‐infrared spectra returned from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) to provide retrievals of the column‐integrated optical depth of water ice aerosols for more than 5 Martian years between Mars Year (MY) 28 at Ls = 112° (27 September 2006) and MY 33 at Ls = 213° (30 August 2016). We have developed a radiative transfer model for this purpose that retrieves aerosol opacity from the water ice aerosol feature near 3.3 μm using CRISM hyperspectral observations for the first time. The resulting retrievals well depict the main features in the water ice aerosol climatology with repeatable patterns every Martian year. The aphelion cloud belt (ACB) is observed between 10°S and 30°N, with peak optical depth around Ls = 90°. Apart from the global dust storm during MY 28, modest interannual variability in the water ice aerosol optical depth is observed in the ACB. The north polar hood is observed at latitudes poleward of 45°N throughout northern spring and summer seasons and reappears in northern winter. The south polar hood is observed in early to mid‐southern autumn, reaching latitudes around 60°S, and re‐emerging during southern winter between 45°S and 60°S. A lack of water ice aerosols is repeatedly seen in the southern hemisphere throughout southern spring and summer. High optical depth in the ACB is observed over the volcanoes of Olympus Mons, Elysium, and the Tharsis bulge, as well as over Hellas Basin.
Mapping Variations in Bedrock Weathering With Slope Aspect Under a Sedimentary Ridge‐Valley System Using Near‐Surface Geophysics and Drilling
Authors: Hudson Rasmussen Berit M. , Huang Mong‐Han , Hahm W. Jesse , Rempe Daniella M. , Dralle David , Nelson Mariel D.
Published: June 2023

Understanding how soil thickness and bedrock weathering vary across ridge and valley topography is needed to constrain the flowpaths of water and sediment production within a landscape. Here, we investigate saprolite and weathered bedrock properties across a ridge‐valley system in the Northern California Coast Ranges, USA, where topography varies with slope aspect such that north‐facing slopes have thicker soils and are more densely vegetated than south‐facing slopes. We use active source seismic refraction surveys to extend observations made in boreholes to the hillslope scale. Seismic velocity models across several ridges capture a high velocity gradient zone (from 1,000 to 2,500 m/s) located ∼4–13 m below ridgetops that coincides with transitions in material strength and chemical depletion observed in boreholes. Comparing this transition depth across multiple north‐ and south‐facing slopes, we find that the thickness of saprolite does not vary with slope aspects. Additionally, seismic survey lines perpendicular and parallel to bedding planes reveal weathering profiles that thicken upslope and taper downslope to channels. Using a rock physics model incorporating seismic velocity, we estimate the total porosity of the saprolite and find that inherited fractures contribute a substantial amount of pore space in the upper 6 m, and the lateral porosity structure varies strongly with hillslope position. The aspect‐independent weathering structure suggests that the contemporary critical zone structure at Rancho Venada is a legacy of past climate and vegetation conditions.
Spinal cord injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Hu Xiao , Xu Wei , Ren Yilong , Wang Zhaojie , He Xiaolie , Huang Runzhi , Ma Bei , Zhao Jingwei , Zhu Rongrong , Cheng Liming
Published: June 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a severe condition with an extremely high disability rate. The challenges of SCI repair include its complex pathological mechanisms and the difficulties of neural regeneration in the central nervous system. In the past few decades, researchers have attempted to completely elucidate the pathological mechanism of SCI and identify effective strategies to promote axon regeneration and neural circuit remodeling, but the results have not been ideal. Recently, new pathological mechanisms of SCI, especially the interactions between immune and neural cell responses, have been revealed by single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis. With the development of bioactive materials and stem cells, more attention has been focused on forming intermediate neural networks to promote neural regeneration and neural circuit reconstruction than on promoting axonal regeneration in the corticospinal tract. Furthermore, technologies to control physical parameters such as electricity, magnetism and ultrasound have been constantly innovated and applied in neural cell fate regulation. Among these advanced novel strategies and technologies, stem cell therapy, biomaterial transplantation, and electromagnetic stimulation have entered into the stage of clinical trials, and some of them have already been applied in clinical treatment. In this review, we outline the overall epidemiology and pathophysiology of SCI, expound on the latest research progress related to neural regeneration and circuit reconstruction in detail, and propose future directions for SCI repair and clinical applications.
Real-world data of long-term survival in patients with T-cell lymphoma who underwent stem cell transplantation
Authors: Baek Dong Won , Moon Joon Ho , Lee Jae Hoon , Kang Ka-Won , Lee Ho Sup , Eom Hyeon-Seok , Lee Enuyoung , Lee Ji Hyun , Lee Jeong-Ok , Park Seong Kyu , Kim Seok Jin , Yoo Keon Hee , Yoon Sung-Soo , Koh Youngil , Kang Hyoung Jin , Won Jong-Ho , Lyu Chuhl Joo , Hahn Seung Min , Lee Jung-Hee , Park Joon Seong , Jo Jae-Cheol , Mun Yeung-Chul , Yang Deok-Hwan , Song Ga-Young , Lim Sung-Nam , Sohn Sang Kyun ,   The Korean Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to identify the benefits of autologous-stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) and allogeneic-SCT (allo-SCT) in patients with aggressive T-cell lymphomas to aid in the selection of transplantation type in clinical practice. This study retrospectively analyzed data from 598 patients who underwent transplantation for T-cell lymphomas from 2010 to 2020. In total, 317 patients underwent up-front SCT as consolidation therapy. The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 68.7% and 76.1%, respectively. Patients who underwent auto-SCT had significantly better OS (p = 0.026) than those who underwent allo-SCT; however, no statistical difference in PFS was found. Transplantation was used as a salvage therapy in 188 patients who had relapsed/refractory disease. Overall, 96 (51.1%) patients underwent auto-SCT and 92 (48.9%) patients underwent allo-SCT. Auto-SCT improved long-term survival in patients with complete remission (CR). Allo-SCT demonstrated better 3-year PFS in patients with partial remission and relapsed/refractory disease status. However, >50% of patients died within 1 year of allo-SCT. As a consolidative therapy, up-front auto-SCT demonstrated a survival benefit. Auto-SCT was also effective in patients who achieved CR after salvage therapy. If the disease persists or cannot be controlled, allo-SCT may be considered with reduced intensity conditioning.
Impaired AIF-CHCHD4 interaction and mitochondrial calcium overload contribute to auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in patient-iPSC-derived neurons with AIFM1 variant
Authors: Qiu Yue , Wang Hongyang , Fan Mingjie , Pan Huaye , Guan Jing , Jiang Yangwei , Jia Zexiao , Wu Kaiwen , Zhou Hui , Zhuang Qianqian , Lei Zhaoying , Ding Xue , Cai Huajian , Dong Yufei , Yan Lei , Lin Aifu , Fu Yong , Zhang Dong , Yan Qingfeng , Wang Qiuju
Published: June 2023

Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a hearing impairment caused by dysfunction of inner hair cells, ribbon synapses, spiral ganglion neurons and/or the auditory nerve itself. Approximately 1/7000 newborns have abnormal auditory nerve function, accounting for 10%-14% of cases of permanent hearing loss in children. Although we previously identified the AIFM1 c.1265 G > A variant to be associated with ANSD, the mechanism by which ANSD is associated with AIFM1 is poorly understood. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via nucleofection with episomal plasmids. The patient-specific iPSCs were edited via CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate gene-corrected isogenic iPSCs. These iPSCs were further differentiated into neurons via neural stem cells (NSCs). The pathogenic mechanism was explored in these neurons. In patient cells (PBMCs, iPSCs, and neurons), the AIFM1 c.1265 G > A variant caused a novel splicing variant (c.1267-1305del), resulting in AIF p.R422Q and p.423-435del proteins, which impaired AIF dimerization. Such impaired AIF dimerization then weakened the interaction between AIF and coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 4 (CHCHD4). On the one hand, the mitochondrial import of ETC complex subunits was inhibited, subsequently leading to an increased ADP/ATP ratio and elevated ROS levels. On the other hand, MICU1-MICU2 heterodimerization was impaired, leading to mCa2+ overload. Calpain was activated by mCa2+ and subsequently cleaved AIF for its translocation into the nucleus, ultimately resulting in caspase-independent apoptosis. Interestingly, correction of the AIFM1 variant significantly restored the structure and function of AIF, further improving the physiological state of patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons. This study demonstrates that the AIFM1 variant is one of the molecular bases of ANSD. Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially mCa2+ overload, plays a prominent role in ANSD associated with AIFM1. Our findings help elucidate the mechanism of ANSD and may lead to the provision of novel therapies.
Striatal cholinergic interneuron membrane voltage tracks locomotor rhythms in mice
Authors: Shroff Sanaya N. , Lowet Eric , Sridhar Sudiksha , Gritton Howard J. , Abumuaileq Mohammed , Tseng Hua-An , Cheung Cyrus , Zhou Samuel L. , Kondabolu Krishnakanth , Han Xue
Published: June 2023

Rhythmic neural network activity has been broadly linked to behavior. However, it is unclear how membrane potentials of individual neurons track behavioral rhythms, even though many neurons exhibit pace-making properties in isolated brain circuits. To examine whether single-cell voltage rhythmicity is coupled to behavioral rhythms, we focused on delta-frequencies (1–4 Hz) that are known to occur at both the neural network and behavioral levels. We performed membrane voltage imaging of individual striatal neurons simultaneously with network-level local field potential recordings in mice during voluntary movement. We report sustained delta oscillations in the membrane potentials of many striatal neurons, particularly cholinergic interneurons, which organize spikes and network oscillations at beta-frequencies (20–40 Hz) associated with locomotion. Furthermore, the delta-frequency patterned cellular dynamics are coupled to animals’ stepping cycles. Thus, delta-rhythmic cellular dynamics in cholinergic interneurons, known for their autonomous pace-making capabilities, play an important role in regulating network rhythmicity and movement patterning.
Patterns and determinants of the global herbivorous mycobiome
Authors: Meili Casey H. , Jones Adrienne L. , Arreola Alex X. , Habel Jeffrey , Pratt Carrie J. , Hanafy Radwa A. , Wang Yan , Yassin Aymen S. , TagElDein Moustafa A. , Moon Christina D. , Janssen Peter H. , Shrestha Mitesh , Rajbhandari Prajwal , Nagler Magdalena , Vinzelj Julia M. , Podmirseg Sabine M. , Stajich Jason E. , Goetsch Arthur L. , Hayes Jerry , Young Diana , Fliegerova Katerina , Grilli Diego Javier , Vodička Roman , Moniello Giuseppe , Mattiello Silvana , Kashef Mona T. , Nagy Yosra I. , Edwards Joan A. , Dagar Sumit Singh , Foote Andrew P. , Youssef Noha H. , Elshahed Mostafa S.
Published: June 2023

Despite their role in host nutrition, the anaerobic gut fungal (AGF) component of the herbivorous gut microbiome remains poorly characterized. Here, to examine global patterns and determinants of AGF diversity, we generate and analyze an amplicon dataset from 661 fecal samples from 34 mammalian species, 9 families, and 6 continents. We identify 56 novel genera, greatly expanding AGF diversity beyond current estimates (31 genera and candidate genera). Community structure analysis indicates that host phylogenetic affiliation, not domestication status and biogeography, shapes the community rather than. Fungal-host associations are stronger and more specific in hindgut fermenters than in foregut fermenters. Transcriptomics-enabled phylogenomic and molecular clock analyses of 52 strains from 14 genera indicate that most genera with preferences for hindgut hosts evolved earlier (44-58 Mya) than those with preferences for foregut hosts (22-32 Mya). Our results greatly expand the documented scope of AGF diversity and provide an ecologically and evolutionary-grounded model to explain the observed patterns of AGF diversity in extant animal hosts.
In major joint diseases the human synovium retains its potential to form repair cartilage
Authors: Hunziker Ernst B. , Shintani Nahoko , Lippuner Kurt , Vögelin Esther , Keel Marius J. B.
Published: June 2023

The inner surface layer of human joints, the synovium, is a source of stem cells for the repair of articular cartilage defects. We investigated the potential of the normal human synovium to form novel cartilage and compared its chondrogenic capacity with that of two patient groups suffering from major joint diseases: young adults with femoro-acetabular impingement syndromes of the hip (FAI), and elderly individuals with osteoarthritic degeneration of the knee (OA). Synovial membrane explants of these three patient groups were induced in vitro to undergo chondrogenesis by growth factors: bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) alone, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) alone, or a combination of these two. Quantitative evaluations of the newly formed cartilages were performed respecting their gene activities, as well as the histochemical, immunhistochemical, morphological and histomorphometrical characteristics. Formation of adult articular-like cartilage was induced by the BMP-2/TGF-β1 combination within all three groups, and was confirmed by adequate gene-expression levels of the anabolic chondrogenic markers; the levels of the catabolic markers remained low. Our data reveal that the chondrogenic potential of the normal human synovium remains uncompromised, both in FAI and OA. The potential of synovium-based clinical repair of joint cartilage may thus not be impaired by age-related joint pathologies.
Data driven of underground water level using artificial intelligence hybrid algorithms
Authors: Rahimi Mohammadtaghi , Ebrahimi Hossein
Published: June 2023

As the population grows, industry and agriculture have also developed and water resources require quantitative and qualitative management. Currently, the management of water resources is essential in the exploitation and development of these resources. For this reason, it is important to study water level fluctuations to check the amount of underground water storage. It is vital to study the level of underground water in Khuzestan province with a dry climate. The methods which exist for predicting and managing water resources are used in studies according to their strengths and weaknesses and according to the conditions. In recent years, artificial intelligence has been used extensively for groundwater resources worldwide. Since artificial intelligence models have provided good results in water resources up to now, in this study, the hybrid model of three new recombined methods including FF-KNN, ABC-KNN and DL-FF-KNN-ABC-MLP has been used to predict the underground water level in Khuzestan province (Qale-Tol area). The novelty of this technique is that it first does classification by presenting the first block (combination of FF-DWKNN algorithm) and predicts with the second block (combination of ABC-MLP algorithm). The algorithm’s ability to decrease data noise will be enabled by this feature. In order to predict this key and important parameter, a part of the data related to wells 1–5 has been used to build artificial intelligence hybrid models and also to test these models, and to check this model three wells 6–8 have been used for the development of these models. After checking the results, it is clear that the statistical RMSE values of this algorithm including test, train and total data are 0.0451, 0.0597 and 0.0701, respectively. According to the results presented in the table reports, the performance accuracy of DL-FF-KNN-ABC-MLP for predicting this key parameter is very high.
Methods for numerical simulation of soft actively contractile materials
Authors: Li Yali , Goulbourne Nakhiah C.
Published: June 2023

Soft materials that can demonstrate on demand reconfigurability and changing compliance are highly sought after as actuator materials in many fields such as soft robotics and biotechnology. Whilst there are numerous proof of concept materials and devices, rigorous predictive models of deformation have not been well-established or widely adopted. In this paper, we discuss programming complex three-dimensional deformations of a soft intrinsically anisotropic material by controlling the orientation of the contractile units and/or direction of the applied electric field. Programming is achieved by patterning contractile units and/or selectively activating spatial regions. A new constitutive model is derived to describe the soft intrinsic anisotropy of soft materials. The model is developed within a continuum mechanics framework using an invariant-based formulation. Computational implementation allows us to simulate the complex three-dimensional shape response when activated by electric field. Several examples of the achievable Gauss-curved surfaces are demonstrated. Our computational analysis introduces a mechanics-based framework for design when considering soft morphing materials with intrinsic anisotropy, and is meant to inspire the development of new soft active materials.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in purpose-bred cats with the A31P mutation in cardiac myosin binding protein-C
Authors: Stern Joshua A. , Rivas Victor N. , Kaplan Joanna L. , Ueda Yu , Oldach Maureen S. , Ontiveros Eric S. , Kooiker Kristina B. , van Dijk Sabine J. , Harris Samantha P.
Published: June 2023

We sought to establish a large animal model of inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with sufficient disease severity and early penetrance for identification of novel therapeutic strategies. HCM is the most common inherited cardiac disorder affecting 1 in 250–500 people, yet few therapies for its treatment or prevention are available. A research colony of purpose-bred cats carrying the A31P mutation in MYBPC3 was founded using sperm from a single heterozygous male cat. Cardiac function in four generations was assessed by periodic echocardiography and measurement of blood biomarkers. Results showed that HCM penetrance was age-dependent, and that penetrance occurred earlier and was more severe in successive generations, especially in homozygotes. Homozygosity was also associated with progression from preclinical to clinical disease. A31P homozygous cats represent a heritable model of HCM with early disease penetrance and a severe phenotype necessary for interventional studies aimed at altering disease progression. The occurrence of a more severe phenotype in later generations of cats, and the occasional occurrence of HCM in wildtype cats suggests the presence of at least one gene modifier or a second causal variant in this research colony that exacerbates the HCM phenotype when inherited in combination with the A31P mutation.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Efficacy of a multidimensional self-management intervention on low-education women with metabolic syndrome: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chang Shu-Hung , Chang Yi-Ya , Jeng Wen-Juei , Wai Jackson Pui Man
Published: June 2023

Low-education women, a substantially older population, are subject to increased risks of metabolic syndrome and consequent cardiometabolic diseases; early detection and effective management were urgently needed. Ninety-nine women with metabolic syndrome, age 61 and education ≤ 6 years, from four community units were randomly assigned to either a self-management intervention (n = 51) or a control arm (n = 48). The intervention consisted of five dimensions, physical activity and diet modifications (daily exercise classes and two nutrition courses), goal setting, coaching and peer support, problem-solving, and self-monitoring. The control arm received an education leaflet. Assessments were performed at baseline, six months, and 18 months. Compared with the control, the intervention participants improved the overall rate of meeting the recommended servings for six health foods, including vegetables, dairy products, and nuts (except whole grains, fruits, and protein); the rate of meeting regular leisure-time physical activity; and criteria biomarkers—waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (except blood pressure and triglycerides); as well as body weight and body mass index; consequently decreased the number of risk factors and rate of metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, the multidimensional self-management intervention improved physical activity, healthy eating, and metabolic syndrome risks among low-education women with metabolic syndrome.
A quasi-natural experimental study on enterprise innovation driven by urban agglomeration policies in China
Authors: Li Na , Song Saihu
Published: June 2023

It is of great significance to carefully evaluate the actual impact of macro-policy formulation on promoting micro-enterprise innovation and implementing innovation-driven strategies. This study utilizes data from Chinese listed companies between 2012 and 2019 and takes the implementation of urban agglomeration policies as a natural experiment. By employing the multi-period differential method, the driving mechanism of urban agglomeration policies on enterprise innovation is investigated. The results show that: (1) Urban agglomeration policies effectively promote the enhancement of regional enterprises’ innovation capability. (2) Urban agglomeration policies reduce enterprise transaction costs through integration effects, mitigate the influence of geographical distance through spillover effects, and stimulate enterprise innovation. (3) Urban agglomeration policies have a regulatory effect on the siphon and spillover mechanism formed by the central city, thereby driving the innovation and development of peripheral micro-enterprises. (4) Further research from the perspectives of enterprises, industries, and locations reveals that the macro, medium, and micro effects of urban agglomeration policies differ, leading to heterogeneity in enterprise innovation responses. Therefore, it is necessary to continue promoting policy planning for urban agglomerations, enhance the coordination of urban policies within urban agglomerations, adjust the influence of the self-mechanism of urban agglomerations, and foster the formation of a multi-center innovation structure and network within urban agglomerations.
Inflammation and decreased cardiovagal modulation are linked to stress and depression at 36th week of pregnancy in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Renugasundari Manoharan , Pal Gopal Krushna , Chaturvedula Latha , Nanda Nivedita , Harichandrakumar K. T. , Durgadevi Thiyagarajan
Published: June 2023

Stress and depression have been reported in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Though inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with depression, there are no reports of link of cardiometabolic risks (CMR) to stress and depression in GDM. Normal pregnant women (control group, n = 164) and women with GDM (study group, n = 176) at 36th week of gestation were recruited for the study. Blood pressure (BP), body composition, heart rate variability (HRV), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), markers of insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, were assessed. Perceived stress score (PSS), quality of life (QoL) scale, Indian diabetic risk score (IDRS) and Edinburg postnatal depression score (EPDS) were assessed. Association of potential contributors to PSS and EDPS were assessed by correlation and regression analyses. There was significant increase in PSS, EPDS, IDRS scores, HbA1C, malondialdehyde (MDA) (oxidative stress marker) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (inflammatory markers), and significant decrease in total power (TP) of HRV (marker of cardiovagal modulation), QoL and nitric oxide (endothelial dysfunction marker) in study group compared to control group. Though many cardiometabolic risk parameters were correlated with PSS and EPDS, the significant independent association was observed for TP, HbA1C, MDA and interleukin-6. However, interleukin-6 had maximum contribution to PSS (β = 0.550,p < 0.001) and EPDS (β = 0.393,p < 0.001) as demonstrated by multiple regression analysis. Inflammation, oxidative stress, glycation status and decreased cardiovagal modulation are associated with stress and depression at 36th week of gestation in GDM.
Association of inflammatory biomarkers and disease activity with subclinical myocardial dysfunction in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Pletikosic Ivan , Marasovic Krstulovic Daniela , Bakovic Darija , Susilovic Grabovac Zora , Tandara Leida , Martinovic Kaliterna Dusanka
Published: June 2023

We examined the role of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines in psoriatic arthritis-associated subclinical myocardial dysfunction, and the relationship between these variables and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) disease activity. Fifty-five PsA patients without cardiovascular risk factors and 25 controls underwent standard and speckle tracking echocardiography with global longitudinal strain (GLS) calculated. Standard anthropometric data and Disease Activity in Psoriatic arthritis (DAPSA) scores were recorded, with low disease activity defined as DAPSA ≤ 14 and moderate and high disease activity DAPSA > 14. Standard biochemical tests, adiponectin, resistin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alfa, interleukin 17 A (IL-17A), B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC), and monokine induced by intereferon gamma (MIG) were analyzed. Median age was 53.0 (46.0–61.0), median PsA duration 6.0 (4.0–13.0) years and median DAPSA score 25.5 (13.0–41.5). Lower GLS, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were found in moderate and high PsA disease activity compared to low PsA disease activity and controls. PsA patients with GLS < 20 had higher body mass index (BMI), DAPSA score and uric acid levels, and lower adiponectin levels. Although patients with GLS < 20 had higher IL-17A levels, it was not statistically significant (P = 0.056). However, when we included healthy controls and analyzed differences based on a GLS cut-off of 20% in the entire population, the difference in IL-17A became statistically significant, 0.17 pg/mL (0.06–0.32) vs. 0.43 pg/mL (0.23–0.65), P = 0.017. The association between DAPSA score and GLS and IL-17 remained significant in multivariate analysis. Moreover, the association between GLS and IL-17 and adiponectin was significant after adjustment for age and BMI. Patients with moderate and high PsA disease activity have reduced myocardial function, lower adiponectin, and higher IL-17A levels.
Polarization-controlled nonlinear computer-generated holography
Authors: Ackermann Lisa , Roider Clemens , Cvecek Kristian , Barré Nicolas , Aigner Christian , Schmidt Michael
Published: June 2023

Dynamic phase-only beam shaping with a liquid crystal spatial light modulator is a powerful technique for tailoring the intensity profile or wave front of a beam. While shaping and controlling the light field is a highly researched topic, dynamic nonlinear beam shaping has hardly been explored so far. One potential reason is that generating the second harmonic is a degenerate process as it mixes two fields at the same frequency. To overcome this problem, we propose the use of type II phase matching as a control mechanism to distinguish between the two fields. Our experiments demonstrate that distributions of arbitrary intensity can be shaped in the frequency-converted field at the same quality as for linear beam shaping and with conversion efficiencies similar to without beam shaping. We envision this method as a milestone toward beam shaping beyond the physical limits of liquid crystal displays by facilitating dynamic phase-only beam shaping in the ultraviolet spectral range.
Cerebral abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals with neurocognitive impairment revealed by fMRI
Authors: Chen Pan-pan , Wei Xiang-yu , Tao Larissa , Xin Xin , Xiao Shao-tan , He Na
Published: June 2023

Although the combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) has considerably lowered the risk of HIV associated dementia (HAD), the incidence of neurocognitive impairments (NCI) has not decreased likely due to the insidious and slow progressive nature of HIV infection. Recent studies showed that the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a prominent technique in helping the non-invasive analysis of neucognitive impairment. Our study is to explore the neuroimaging characteristics among people living with HIV (PLWH) with or without NCI in terms of cerebral regional and neural network by rs-fMRI, based on the hypothesis that HIV patients with and without NCI have independent brain imaging characteristics. 33 PLWH with NCI and 33 PLWH without NCI, recruited from the Cohort of HIV-infected associated Chronic Diseases and Health Outcomes, Shanghai, China (CHCDO) which was established in 2018, were categorized into the HIV-NCI and HIV-control groups, respectively, based on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) results. The two groups were matched in terms of sex, education and age. Resting-state fMRI data were collected from all participants to analyze the fraction amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) to assess regional and neural network alterations in the brain. Correlations between fALFF/FC values in specific brain regions and clinical characteristics were also examined. The results showed increased fALFF values in the bilateral calcarine gyrus, bilateral superior occipital gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, and left cuneus in the HIV-NCI group compared to the HIV-control group. Additionally, increased FC values were observed between the right superior occipital gyrus and right olfactory cortex, bilateral gyrus rectus, and right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus in the HIV-NCI group. Conversely, decreased FC values were found between the left hippocampus and bilateral medial prefrontal gyrus, as well as bilateral superior frontal gyrus. The study concluded that abnormal spontaneous activity in PLWH with NCI primarily occurred in the occipital cortex, while defects in brain networks were mostly associated with the prefrontal cortex. The observed changes in fALFF and FC in specific brain regions provide visual evidence to enhance our understanding of the central mechanisms underlying the development of cognitive impairment in HIV patients.
Universal whole-genome Oxford nanopore sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 using tiled amplicons
Authors: Kalendar Ruslan , Kairov Ulykbek , Karabayev Daniyar , Aitkulova Akbota , Tynyshtykbayeva Nuray , Daniyarov Asset , Otarbay Zhenis , Rakhimova Saule , Akilzhanova Ainur , Sarbassov Dos
Published: June 2023

We developed a comprehensive multiplexed set of primers adapted for the Oxford Nanopore Rapid Barcoding library kit that allows universal SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing. This primer set is designed to set up any variants of the primers pool for whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 using single- or double-tiled amplicons from 1.2 to 4.8 kb with the Oxford Nanopore. This multiplexed set of primers is also applicable for tasks like targeted SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing. We proposed here an optimized protocol to synthesize cDNA using Maxima H Minus Reverse Transcriptase with a set of SARS-CoV-2 specific primers, which has high yields of cDNA template for RNA and is capable of long-length cDNA synthesis from a wide range of RNA amounts and quality. The proposed protocol allows whole-genome sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with tiled amplicons up to 4.8 kb on low-titer virus samples and even where RNA degradation has occurred. This protocol reduces the time and cost from RNA to genome sequence compared to the Midnight multiplex PCR method for SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing using the Oxford Nanopore.
Electrically tunable lateral spin-valve transistor based on bilayer CrI3
Authors: Marian Damiano , Soriano David , Cannavó Emmanuele , Marin Enrique G. , Fiori Gianluca
Published: June 2023

The recent discovery of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials has opened new frontiers for the design of nanoscale spintronic devices. Among 2D nano-magnets, bilayer CrI3 outstands for its antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling and its electrically-mediated magnetic state control. Here, leveraging on CrI3 magnetic and electrical properties, we propose a lateral spin-valve transistor based on bilayer CrI3, where the spin transport is fully controlled via an external electric field. The proposed proof-of-concept device, working in the ballistic regime, is able to both filter (>99%) and select ON/OFF the spin current up to a ratio of ≈102, using a double split-gate architecture. Our results obtained exploiting a multiscale approach ranging from first-principles to out-of-equilibrium transport calculations, open unexplored paths towards the exploitation of bilayer CrI3 or related 2D nano-magnets, as a promising platform for future electrically tunable, compact, and scalable spintronic devices.
Vulnerability of blue foods to human-induced environmental change
Authors: Cao Ling , Halpern Benjamin S. , Troell Max , Short Rebecca , Zeng Cong , Jiang Ziyu , Liu Yue , Zou Chengxuan , Liu Chunyu , Liu Shurong , Liu Xiangwei , Cheung William W. L. , Cottrell Richard S. , DeClerck Fabrice , Gelcich Stefan , Gephart Jessica A. , Godo-Solo Dakoury , Kaull Jessie Ihilani , Micheli Fiorenza , Naylor Rosamond L. , Payne Hanna J. , Selig Elizabeth R. , Sumaila U. Rashid , Tigchelaar Michelle
Published: June 2023

Global aquatic or ‘blue’ foods, essential to over 3.2 billion people, face challenges of maintaining supply in a changing environment while adhering to safety and sustainability standards. Despite the growing concerns over their environmental impacts, limited attention has been paid to how blue food production is influenced by anthropogenic environmental changes. Here we assess the vulnerability of global blue food systems to predominant environmental disturbances and predict the spatial impacts. Over 90% of global blue food production faces substantial risks from environmental change, with the major producers in Asia and the United States facing the greatest threats. Capture fisheries generally demonstrate higher vulnerability than aquaculture in marine environments, while the opposite is true in freshwater environments. While threats to production quantity are widespread across marine and inland systems, food safety risks are concentrated within a few countries. Identifying and supporting mitigation and adaptation measures in response to environmental stressors is particularly important in developing countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa where risks are high and national response capacities are low. These findings lay groundwork for future work to map environmental threats and opportunities, aiding strategic planning and policy development for resilient and sustainable blue food production under changing conditions.
GRAPE for fast and scalable graph processing and random-walk-based embedding
Authors: Cappelletti Luca , Fontana Tommaso , Casiraghi Elena , Ravanmehr Vida , Callahan Tiffany J. , Cano Carlos , Joachimiak Marcin P. , Mungall Christopher J. , Robinson Peter N. , Reese Justin , Valentini Giorgio
Published: June 2023

Graph representation learning methods opened new avenues for addressing complex, real-world problems represented by graphs. However, many graphs used in these applications comprise millions of nodes and billions of edges and are beyond the capabilities of current methods and software implementations. We present GRAPE (Graph Representation Learning, Prediction and Evaluation), a software resource for graph processing and embedding that is able to scale with big graphs by using specialized and smart data structures, algorithms, and a fast parallel implementation of random-walk-based methods. Compared with state-of-the-art software resources, GRAPE shows an improvement of orders of magnitude in empirical space and time complexity, as well as competitive edge- and node-label prediction performance. GRAPE comprises approximately 1.7 million well-documented lines of Python and Rust code and provides 69 node-embedding methods, 25 inference models, a collection of efficient graph-processing utilities, and over 80,000 graphs from the literature and other sources. Standardized interfaces allow a seamless integration of third-party libraries, while ready-to-use and modular pipelines permit an easy-to-use evaluation of graph-representation-learning methods, therefore also positioning GRAPE as a software resource that performs a fair comparison between methods and libraries for graph processing and embedding.
Lipid-associated macrophages transition to an inflammatory state in human atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of cerebrovascular complications
Authors: Dib Lea , Koneva Lada A. , Edsfeldt Andreas , Zurke Yasemin-Xiomara , Sun Jiangming , Nitulescu Mihaela , Attar Moustafa , Lutgens Esther , Schmidt Steffen , Lindholm Marie W. , Choudhury Robin P. , Cassimjee Ismail , Lee Regent , Handa Ashok , Goncalves Isabel , Sansom Stephen N. , Monaco Claudia
Published: June 2023

The immune system is integral to cardiovascular health and disease. Targeting inflammation ameliorates adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Atherosclerosis, a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, is conceptualized as lipid-driven inflammation in which macrophages play a nonredundant role. However, evidence emerging so far from single-cell atlases suggests a dichotomy between lipid-associated and inflammatory macrophage states. Here, we present an inclusive reference atlas of human intraplaque immune cell communities. Combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of human surgical carotid endarterectomies in a discovery cohort with bulk RNA-seq and immunohistochemistry in a validation cohort (the Carotid Plaque Imaging Project), we reveal the existence of PLIN2hi/TREM1hi macrophages as a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent inflammatory lipid-associated macrophage state linked to cerebrovascular events. Our study shifts the current paradigm of lipid-driven inflammation by providing biological evidence for a pathogenic macrophage transition to an inflammatory lipid-associated phenotype and for its targeting as a new treatment strategy for cardiovascular disease.
Nanoclusters and nanoalloys of group 13 elements (B, Al, and Ga): benchmarking of methods and analysis of their structures and energies
Authors: Khatun Maya , Sarkar Pratik , Panda Sunanda , Sherpa Lazumla T. , Anoop Anakuthil
Published: June 2023

We investigated the structural and energetic properties of nanoclusters and nanoalloys composed of group 13 elements (B, Al, and Ga) up to a cluster size of 12.
Performance enhancement strategy for tetrazoles based on nitrogen–boron bonds
Authors: Wang Kunkai , Yang Kaidi , Li Heng , Zhang Junlin , Wu Minjie , Li Xiangzhi , Xue Qi , Wang Bozhou , Bi Fuqiang
Published: June 2023

Based on N–B bonds, a novel strategy was developed for improving the energetic performance of tetrazoles.
Spatial sensitivity of generalised equations to predict rainwater tank outcomes: a case study for Brisbane
Authors: Khan Mohammad Saarim , Imteaz Monzur Alam
Published: June 2023

Several studies have been conducted to calculate potential rainwater savings through rainwater tanks installed in residential and commercial buildings.
Hysteretic wavelength selection in isometric, unsupported radial wrinkling
Authors: Pal Anshuman S.
Published: June 2023

Wavelength selection in supported elastic sheets is well understood. Here, we claim that wavelength selection in an unsupported contracted annulus is set by a novel mechanism of kinetically arrested coarsening.
A novel electrochemical detection method for butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as an antioxidant: a BHA imprinted polymer based on a nickel ferrite@graphene nanocomposite and its application
Authors: Yola Bahar Bankoğlu , Bekerecioğlu Sena , Polat İlknur , Atar Necip , Yola Mehmet Lütfi
Published: June 2023

A novel electrochemical detection method based on a nickel ferrite@graphene (NiFe2O4@Gr) nanocomposite-containing molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was developed for the sensitive determination of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).
Metal/metal-oxide interface catalysed thermal and electrochemical CO2 conversion: a perspective from DFT-based studies
Authors: Ye Jingyun , Ge Qingfeng
Published: June 2023

Converting CO2 to valuable chemicals reduces CO2 emissions and contributes to the “net-zero” goal. This article highlights the crucial role of interfacial sites in effectively catalyzing CO2 activation for thermal and electrochemical CO2 reduction.
Nested Keplerian architecture of [Cu58H20(SPr)36(PPh3)8]2+ nanoclusters
Authors: Biswas Sourav , Hossian Sakiat , Kosaka Taiga , Sakai Jin , Arima Daichi , Niihori Yoshiki , Mitsui Masaaki , Jiang De-en , Das Saikat , Wang Song , Negishi Yuichi
Published: June 2023

The composition of the structure consists of a series of five concentric polyhedra comprising Cu(i) atoms, along with an additional set of five concentric polyhedra composed of ligands spanning a distance of 2 nm.
In situ decrypting plasmonic nanoparticle size-controlled phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor in living cells
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Ding Yan , Zhang Yu , Shi Xiaoqi , Liu Honglin
Published: June 2023

Through controlling plasmonic nanoparticle size to in situ visualizing the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor on living cell membranes.
Engineering the NASICON electrolyte/Na anode interface with amorphous bismuth oxide for sodium batteries
Authors: Wu Jinze , Liu Hui , Li Yongdan , Zhang Cuijuan
Published: June 2023

The amorphous BiOx prepared by the PMOD process significantly improves the interfacial properties between the NASICON electrolyte and Na anode.
Co(ii) complexes of tetraazamacrocycles appended with amide or hydroxypropyl groups as paraCEST agents
Authors: Raymond Jaclyn J. , Abozeid Samira M. , Sokolow Gregory E. , Bond Christopher J. , Yap Constance E. , Nazarenko Alexander Y. , Morrow Janet R.
Published: June 2023

Five Co(ii) complexes with amide or hydroxypropyl groups are studied as paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer agents for MRI. The most promising complexes have cis-coordinated amide pendants in a 14-membered tetraazamacrocycle.
Printable biosensors towards next-generation point-of-care testing: paper substrate as an example
Authors: Liu Yaolin , Lu Sheng , Zhang Zhiheng , Yang Zhugen , Cui Xiaolin , Liu Guozhen
Published: June 2023

Advanced printable biosensors: paper as example.
Recent developments in membrane targeting antifungal agents to mitigate antifungal resistance
Authors: Mehta Devashish , Saini Varsha , Bajaj Avinash
Published: June 2023

Fungal infections cause severe and life-threatening complications especially in immunocompromised individuals.
Spatial modulation of scalable nanostructures by combining maskless plasmonic lithography and grayscale-patterned strategy
Authors: Han Dandan , Ye Tianchun , Wei Yayi
Published: June 2023

Nanolithography techniques providing good scalability and feature size controllability are of great importance for the fabrication of integrated circuits (IC), MEMS/NEMS, optical devices, nanophotonics, etc.
A simple microplasma reactor paired with indirect ultrasonication for aqueous phase synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Teke Sosiawati , Hossain Md. Mokter , Bhattarai Roshan Mangal , Saud Shirjana , Denra Avik , Hoang Phuong Lan Nguyen Mai Cao , Ali Adnan , Nguyen Van Toan , Mok Young Sun
Published: June 2023

The use of microplasma to synthesize Co3O4 nanoparticles is a novel approach that eliminates the need for harmful reducing agents.