bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Pandemic: Ethical and Medical issues arising for people with disability in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Taslim , Mohammad Hassan Tasdeed , Siddiquee Naima
Published: June 2022

The disability viewpoint is the fundamental for understanding social justice in a given population. Disability rights need to be obeyed in the inclusive preparedness and response to all the disasters or during the crisis period including COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic jeopardized the health and rehabilitation services globally. The impact is much more in low resource developing countries like Bangladesh. In general, people with disability (PWD) suffer from multiple medical and rehabilitation complications and they need frequent rehabilitation consultations or hospital admissions in comparison to people without disability. As a developing country, Bangladesh has poor ratios of doctors, nurses and technologists of 1:0.4:0.24 (WHO: 1:3:5) to face the COVID-19 challenge. Rehabilitation services have been disrupted in almost two-thirds (63%) of countries of the world. Even though rehabilitation is the key to recovery following severe illness from COVID-19. There are many concerns and debates about the preparedness, response and mitigation the process of COVID-19 on the part of the national government. According to recent study reports, the lives of about 100% of PWD have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 National Technical Advisory Committee is working for strategic planning, response and mitigation process but omission of a representative of PWD or a rehabilitation physician in the committee has created much dissatisfaction. The difficult COVID-19 testing process due to country wide shutdown of rehabilitation essential services and central pulling of rehabilitation physicians have side lined the PWD inclusiveness. It is expected that the rehabilitation preparedness, response and mitigation of the pandemic should be based on an ethics driven process.
Understanding of Authorship by the Post Graduate Medical Students at a Center in Bangladesh
Authors: Lasker Shamima Parvin , Begum Muslema , Hossain Arif , Matin Md Abdul , Islam Saiful , Macer Darryl
Published: June 2022

Education on authorship was delivered and evaluated by pre test and post test questionnairen on 30 post graduate medical students at the Department of Anestheology, Dhaka Medical College, Bangladesh between January and June 2019 to understand the knowledge, skill and attitude of post graduate medical students on authorship. Result: Before intervention, majority (60%) of the students felt that who perform the research work should be the author of the article. But 40% students were divided and felt that who advised the design of the research (20%), who provided the grants (10%) and Chief/Head of the division (10%) should be the author of the article respectively. Maximum (70%) respondents did not know the order of authorship. Of 40% respondent felt that the PI should be always the first author and 40% don’t know the answer. Half of the students (50%) felt that keeping honorary author increased the opportunity of acceptance of publication. Of 36.7% and 13.3% of students felt that keeping honorary author increased the article’s value and made good relation to them to get some extra facility from them respectively. Of 20% participants were pressurized by lab head/head of department for inclusion of their name as an author. Half of the (56.7 %) respondents felt that the author’s contribution should be stated in the article. Only few 4 (13.3%) respondents said that their institute had guideline for authorship. However, after education 100% of students felt that who perform the research work should be only the author of the article. All (100%) respondents understood the order of authorship. Most of the students (86%) felt that PI should be always the first author. Of 100% respondent felt supervisor of the research should be the last author. All students (100%) felt author’s contribution should be mentioned in the article. All (100%) students did not want to include as author those who help in research design and secured grant; and they did not like to keep honorary author in their article. All (100%) students expressed that their institute had no guideline for authorship. After intervention, three groups of students were asked to write one page of article on Anesthesiology. Interestingly, they did not include any name in the author by line who were not participate or had any contribution in the writing. Conclusion: The comparative data between pre- and post-text have highlighted a general lack of understanding of the basic concept of authorship ethics which significantly improved after the intervention. The results also indicate that the education on authorship improved the awareness of postgraduate medical students in a particular centre.
Editorial
Authors: Chakraborty Rhyddhi
Published: June 2022

With its origin in the Hippocrates Oath (5th-3rd Century BC), The Nuremberg Codes (1947), and The Declaration of Helsinki (1964), medical ethics set the rules of the professional conducts for the physicians and other medical specialists. It amounts to the deployment of bioethical concepts, values (Autonomy, Non-maleficence, Beneficence, and Justice) and methods within medical set up to suggest the day-to-day decision-making procedures by combining theory and practice. It is a multidisciplinary study as it seeks to develop a set of guidelines for moral decision-making utilizing the resources of not only medicine and biology, but also of law, philosophy, theology, and the social sciences. As the branch of Bioethics, it investigates the complex ethical problems which arise for human life and society from sophisticated medical-technological usages and biological practices. The problems specifically include the nature and distribution of treatment and medical resources, the informed consent and authority of the patient, the physician and others involved in the medical practices, the scope and limits of confidentiality, the limits of acceptable intervention and experimentation, and the propriety of research involving humans and their applications. It also deals with the questions of moral dimensions and professional responsibilities involving all forms of ‘life-related’ issues such as research involving foetal tissues, withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatment, issues over death, prenatal diagnosis and abortion, the storage of frozen embryos. Medical ethics is intricately linked to the culture and glocal values. To emphasise such aspect, the following papers come together to enrich this volume.
Acute Ischemic Stroke in Relation of COVID-19
Authors: Ali Md Amir , Islam Aminul , Chowdhury R U , Islam Sheikh Shahidul , Aliuzzaman Md , Mukherjee Sudipta Kumar , Ashrafee Pariza
Published: June 2022

Introduction: In 21st century, the miserable medical condition is still Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is such a pandemic disease that was unexpected by this generation. The culprit organism by which the whole world embraced is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Involvement of respiratory system with such notorious microorganism enhances hypoxaemia. Hypoxia and other procoagulant including platelet increment in COVID-19 accelerate ischemic stroke. Our aim is to observe the effects of COVID-19 on pro-coagulation and platelet dysfunction that enhance ischemic stroke.
Materials and Methods: Total 108 patients were diagnosed as SARS-CoV-2 and had been first time reported & were admitted in Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Mymensingh, within 1st March 2020 to 18th May 2021. Total 108 patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups one with simple form and another with severe disease, procoagulation-morbidities, coagulation disorder- specially Ddimer positive COVID-19 disease. Out of those 108 patients simple variety of COVID- 19 were 56 (51.85%) and Complex COVID-19, 52(48.15%) patients. Diagnosis was done based upon details patients’ history, clinical examination, haematological test, radiography of chest and confirmed by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).
Results:Out of the 108 COVID-19 patients, males were 88(81.48%); females were 20(18.52%) and males were predominant.COVID-19 Incidence among the age group; 10-19 years 07(6.48%), 20-29 years 38(35.19%) and 30-39 years 34(31.48%), 40-49 years 20(18.52%), 50 years or more 9(8.33%) in number and mostly affected in young adult &adult. Regarding Procoagulant; D-dimer positive 13(59.09%), Thrombocytosis 6(27.27%) and Mixed 3(13.64%) patients and mostly D-dimer positive. Out of 108 patients; Simple 56 (51.85%) and Complex COVID-19, 52(48.15%) patients. Of complex COVID-19 that prone to ischemic stroke; Procoagulant 22(42.31%), CVS disorder 10(19.23%), DM 5(9.62%), Severe Pulmonary lesion 8(15.38%), Multiple-comorbidities 7(13.46%) patients and Procoagulant is predominant. Only 3(2.78%) were diagnosed as Acute Ischemic stroke and treated promptly. Amongst 108 patients, 4(four) patients were died ; 1st one with heart failure , 2nd one with HTN,MI , 3rd one with HTN, Old haemorrhagic stroke and last one with CKD,ARDS and most of them are above 50 years of age. And fortunately no patient had died with ischemic stroke as preventive measure with anticoagulant with or without thrombin inhibitor utilized for complex COVID-19.
Conclusion: Coagulum is the crucial factor of ischemic stroke.COVID-19 can produce severe pulmonary lesion followed by hypoxia to polycythemia, prothrombotic state and thrombocyte dysfunction. This procoagulation enhance acute ischemic stroke.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 11(1): 18-24
Lipomyelomeningocele: Epidemiological Studies in a Pediatric Neurosurgery Department of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Nafaur , Mukherjee Sudipta Kumer , Arman DM , Ekramullah Sk Md , Hafizur Rashid Mirza Mohammad , Ansari Ayub , Ziauddin Md , Mahbub Abdullah Al , Chowdhury Utpol , Shykot Ziayul Haque , Rahman Md Moshiur , Muktadir Md Ruhul
Published: June 2022

Background: Spinal dysraphism, one of the most common birth defects, has been estimated to occur annually in more than 320,000 infants worldwide. Lipomyelomeningocele (LipoMMC) is a closed neural tube defect in which the surface lipomatous tissue is attached to the spinal cord. LipoMMC results from premature disjunction of the epithelial ectoderm from the neural ectoderm at a gestational age of 18–28 postovulatory days.Both genetic and environmental factors are suggested to have important roles in the occurrence of neural tube defects. In addition, variables such as vitamin B 12 deficiency, maternal hyperinsulinemia,maternal dietary glycemic intake, maternal obesity and use of antiepileptic medications during pregnancy have been suggested as risk factors for spinal dysraphism.
Objective:The aims and objectives of this study was to see the epidemiology of Lipomyelomeningocelein our population. We shall also compare our result with other previous study result.
Materials and method: It is a retrospective study. Cases were obtained from a NINS Pediatrics neurosurgery electronic registry (emrbd.com). The study was carried out at Department of Paediatrics Neurosurgery, NINS&H, and DhakafromNovember 2017 to till date.Subjects was included from a NINS Pediatrics neurosurgery electronic registry.Structured questionnaire was used to collect the necessary information. Risks and benefits of this study were explained to the patient and patient’s legal guardian/ parents in an easily understandable local language.
Conclusion: In this study the majority of cases were female. Environmental factors also appear to be associated with lipomyelomeningocele risk factor. Additional studies needed to establish the environmental risk factor associated with LipoMMC.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 11(1): 25-29
Morphometry of the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum – A Study on 60 Cadaveric Brains
Authors: Pervin Shahnaj , Nurunnabi Abu Sadat Mohammad , Ara Shamim , Haroon Kaisar
Published: June 2022

Background: The splenium is the posterior most part of the corpus callosum; ageand sex-related differences in splenial morphology may influence some behavioural and neuropsychological functions; however, controversies still prevail on sexual dimorphism of the splenium.
Objective: To provide data on morphology of the splenium of the corpus callosum in a Bangladeshi population.
Materials and Methods: This crosssectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2009 to June 2010, based on collection of 60 adult human brains (36 male and 24 female) from the morgue of the same institution. The samples were divided into four age groups: A (20-29 years), B (30-39 years), C (40-49 years) & D (50-59 years).The length and width of the splenium were measured in formalin-fixed brain by using a digital slide calipers in mm.
Results: A total of 32 (52%) tubular shaped and 28 (47%) bulbous shaped splenium was found. Tubular shaped splenium was more observed in adult males, while bulbous shape was more evident in adult females; the difference was statistically significantinall age groups. The mean length of splenium was found 13.52±0.20 mm in group A, while 13.53±0.18 mm in group B, 13.46±0.05 mm in group C and 13.47±0.05 mm in group D (p>0.05). The mean length of the splenium was larger in male in comparison to female i.e. in group A (13.60±0.25 mm vs. 13.43±0.04 mm; p<0.05), in group B (13.61±0.20 mm vs. 13.40±0.01 mm; p<0.01), in group C, (13.50±0.02 mm vs. 13.40±0.01 mm; p<0.001) and in group D (13.50±0.01 mm vs. 13.40±0.01 mm; p<0.001). The mean width of splenium was found 10.41±0.32 mm in group A, while 10.39±0.19 mm in group B, 10.36±0.21 mm in group C and 10.32±0.20 mm in group D(p>0.05). However, the mean width of the splenium was found greater in female than that of male, i.e. in group A (10.65±0.07 mm vs. 10.21±0.32 mm; p<0.01), in group B, (10.59±0.05 mm vs. 10.25±0.09 mm; p<0.001), in group C(10.61±0.04 mm vs. 10.20±0.03 mm; p<0.001), and in group D (10.60±0.03 mm vs. 10.20±0.02 mm; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Our data suggest that the splenium of the corpus callosum has genderrelated variations; however, no age-related variation is evident.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 11(1): 30-35
Surgical Decompression for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Rahman Md Moshiur , Khan Robert Ahmed , Nabi Khan SIM Khairun , Uddin Md Zia
Published: June 2022

The primary concern for symptomatic back pain in elderly patients is to treat them according to guidelines. Surgical decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis may be laminotomy, laminectomy, or unilateral approach. Endoscopic or microscopic approaches are also promising though bony decompression is still the gold standard. Functional evaluation for instability, endplate changes, facet hypertrophy, and diagnostic tools like electrophysiological studies have been proposed. ODI, Swiss Score, and other back pain questionnaires assess the need for surgery. Here in this article, the authors have done a literature review with PRISMA analysis for surgical decompression in lumbar spinal stenosis with a ten-year database from Google Scholar, PubMed and Medline.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 11(1): 36-40
Congenital Dorsal Dermal Sinus, A Rare Entity: diagnosis and Management
Authors: Das Sukriti , Shah Satish Kumar , Ahmed Mohammad Mamun , Khan Akhlaque Hossain
Published: June 2022

Congenital dorsal dermal sinus is a rare occult spinal dysraphism. It may be associated with other cutaneous manifestations and spinal pathologies. Patients either presents with infection or neurological problems. We present a case presented with dorsal dermal sinus with discharging sinus with split cord with block vertebra with hypertrichosis and hairy melanocytic naevus.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 11(1): 45-49
A Rare Case Report of Acrania
Authors: Arman DM , Mukherjee Sudipta Kumer , Ekramullah Sheikh Muhammad , Uddin Zia , Rahman Moshiur
Published: June 2022

Acrania is a rare congenital anomaly and characterized by partial or complete absence of the calvarium. Although acrania associated with anencephaly is a well recognized entity but isolated acrania is a rare anomaly. Ultrasound allows early diagnosis of this anomaly. The fetus was found to have a completely formed brain, base of the skull and facial structures but lacking a cranium. Authors present a rare case of acrania.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 11(1): 50-53
Outcome of Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: Experience With 13 Cases
Authors: Hossan Md Muazzam , Haque Md Nazmul , Naser Md Fazal , Haque Md Zahidul , Khan Md Rokonuzzaman
Published: June 2022

Background: Open pyeloplasty has been the gold standard for surgical treatment ofureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, enjoying a long-term success rate exceeding90%. Unfortunately, this procedure requires a muscle incision that entails some degreeof morbidity. We have, therefore, investigated the feasibility of laparoscopic pyeloplastyfor UPJ obstruction and report here the outcomes of our early cases. The median followupwas 21 months (range, 12–30 months).
Objectives; The aim of our study was to explore the safety, feasibility and usefulness oflaparoscopic pyeloplasty and to assess the short- term outcome of patients treated withthis surgical approach.
Materials and methods: This study was performed on 13 patients presenting withsymptomatic hydronephrosis, secondary to UPJ obstruction at the Department of Urology,Shahid Sheik Abu Naser Specialized Hospital, Khulna from January 2015 to June 2017.Patients having previous abdominal surgery and sepsis were excluded from this study.Laparoscopic dismembered Anderson–Hynes pyeloplasty was performed in all cases.All procedures were carried out transperitoneally.Results: All procedures were laparoscopically completed with no open conversion. Meanoperative time was 272.8 min (range, 175–480 min) and blood loss was minimum. Meanhospital stay was 4.5 days (range,4-11 days). Anomalous vessels were identified in 5patients. Post-operative complications were noted in two patients (15.4%): one instanceof prolonged urine leakage and one anastomotic re-stricture. Twelve of 13 ureters (92.3%)demonstrated a patent UPJ on excretory urography and split renal function and GFRwere significantly improved (p<0.05) after surgery.
Conclusions: Although the procedure requires advanced laparoscopic skills, it can besafely and successfully completed as frequently as the conventional open procedure.Laparoscopic pyeloplasty seems to be a valuable alternative to open pyeloplasty forUPJ obstruction.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 22, No. 1, January 2019 p.69-74
Obituary News January-2021
Authors: Halim Kazi Shafiqul
Published: June 2022

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Med J. 2021 January; 50(1) : 52-55
A 60-year-old male with gradual loss of tooth surface
Authors: Ahmed Sageer , Hossain Mozammal , Parvin Chowdhury Afrina
Published: June 2022

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:
A 60-year-old male came with complaints of a gradual loss of tooth surface structure on the upper left anterior tooth with no complaints of pain and hypersensitivity. He was very much concerned about the appearance of the tooth and developing any pathology and therefore wanted to get his tooth treated. Medical history was not contributory, proper history about foods and diet habits, occupational, para-functional, and other abnormal habits were recorded but nothing significant was notified. The only significant was the horizontal brushing technique.
Mass transfer effect on viscous dissipative MHD flow of nanofluid over a stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium
Authors: Parida B. C. , Swain B. K. , Senapati N.
Published: June 2022

Present analysis elucidates the steady free convective flow of nanofluid over a stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium. Mass transfer analysis with chemical reaction acts a great role in this study. The consideration of viscous dissipation makes the heat transfer analysis more interesting. The governing equations are remodelled as a system of ordinary differential equation adopting similarity transformation and treated numerically by 4th order Runge-Kutta method along with Shooting technique. The present results are compared with the earlier results which gives a good agreement. Some important findings are; porosity acts as aiding force whereas magnetic parameter as resistive force for fluid velocity, larger values of chemical reaction parameter result lower velocity and concentration. The study is relevant in polymer processing, food processing industries and chemical industries.
Investigation of Potential Activity of Some Organic Compounds and Antiviral Drugs Against COVID-19 Based on Molecular Docking
Authors: Pal T. K. , Paul S. , Hossen J.
Published: June 2022

The current outbreak of the COVID-19 threatens public health worldwide, and WHO declares this as a global pandemic. Effective oral drug therapy against coronavirus did not discover yet. In order to find out an effective drug, we docked 23 compounds within the active site of 6LU7 protein of coronavirus. Among all, some antivirals exhibited very promising results against coronavirus and may be considered as a potential drug for treating COVID-19 disease. Molecular docking study revealed that isovitexin and apigenin found from nishinda (Vitex sp.) as well as our newly prepared compound (E)-4-((3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide showed exce-llent activity as compared to danoprevir, lopinavir, remdesivir and ritonavir. Isovitexin showed a binding affinity of -8.00 kcal/mol, whereas the binding affinity of sulfonamide compound with the coronavirus protein was -7.30 kcal/mol, which was relatively high compared to other antiviral drugs. Besides, the synthesized sulfonamide compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profiles were also carried out. The compound showed excellent drug-like properties and percentage of human oral absorption. Moreover, it was found to be safe for the human body in toxicological risk assessment.
Experimental Investigation on Green Synthesis of FeNPs using Azadirachta indica Leaves
Authors: Rathore A. , Devra V.
Published: June 2022

In nanotechnology, developing an environmentally friendly method for synthesizing iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) is an important aspect. According to recent studies, the use of secondary metabolites from plant leaf extract has recently emerged as a novel technology for synthesizing various nanoparticles. The leaf extract of Azadirachta indica was used to synthesize iron nanoparticles in this research.  The effects of reactant concentrations, reaction temperature, and pH of the solution on the synthesis process of iron nanoparticles were studied. A UV-Visible Spectrophotometer that analyzed absorbance spectra was used to monitor the formation of iron nanoparticles in dispersion. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) characterized the morphology of iron nanoparticles, and results reveal the particles are spherical with an average size of 48 nm. The optimum conditions for synthesis are as follows: 15 % leaf extract, [FeCl3] = 1.0 mM, pH 6.0, and temperature 60 °C. The FTIR technique confirms that plant biomolecules induce the reduction of Fe3+ ions to FeNPs and act as a capping and stabilizing agent. Therefore, they have good stability for various applications.
Short term outcome of epileptic Seizure in children attending at Paediatric Neuroscience Department of Dhaka Shishu Hospital
Authors: Quaderi Humaira Rafiqa , Sarker Shaoli , Kanta Shayla Imam , Yasmeen BH Nazma
Published: June 2022

Background : The optimal response to antiepileptic treatment is the control of seizures. In different studies, it has been shown that childhood epilepsy presents with a variable course, and approximately one-third of epilepsy experience alternating relapse and remission. Some of them do not become seizure-free, despite adequate treatment.

Objectives : This study aimed to see the short-term outcome of seizures in children with epilepsy (whether the seizure is controlled or not) and to correlate them with different predictors like socio-demographic factors, associated comorbidities, and adherence with antiepileptic drugs.

Methods : This retrospective observational study was conducted in an Epilepsy Clinic of Paediatric Neuroscience Department of Dhaka Shishu Hospital (DSH) over a period of 3 years from January 2013 to December 2015. During this period 1-year follow-up record of each patient was analyzed. Information on bio demographic data, clinical and developmental assessment done by a multidisciplinary team was analyzed.

Results : A total of 100 children who had epilepsy were included in this study. Unfavorable outcome (uncontrolled seizure) was found in children <5 years of age, children from the rural area, and those whose parents education were below secondary level (p values were 0.05, 0.03 and 0.04 respectively). Also, the unfavorable outcome was found in children who had H/O perinatal asphyxia (PNA), motor problem, and feeding problem (p-value=0.5, 0.002, 0.05 respectively). After 1 year of regular follow up milestone of development was improved in more than one 1domain in 51children. But there was no improvement found or their condition remained unchanged in 49 children.

Northern International Medical College Journal Vol. 11 No. 1 July 2019, Page 411-414
Relying on ST Segment Depression alone to Predict Ischemic Heart Disease- How Far We can Go ?
Authors: Alam Md Mashiul , Rahman Md Mukhlesur , Parvin Tanjima , Ahmed Khurshed , Habib SM Ahsan , Khaled Md Fakhrul Islam , Islam Md Azharul , Shahin Md Ahasanul Kabir , Siddiki Kamruzzaman , Amin Md Al
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) or coronary artery disease (CAD) has become predominant cause of death across the world and frequently stable angina, which is the most common presentation of this disease, gives hard time to reach a proper diagnosis due to duality of non-invasive testing. While Exercise Treadmill Test (ETT) is an inexpensive non-invasive modality which may have many output depending on method of interpretation, ST segment depression is much utilized but traditionally less perfect than available treadmill scores. We have compared its accuracy to Duke Treadmill Score (DTS), Simple Treadmill Score (STS) and Cleveland Clinic Score (CCS) among Bangladesh people to generate a local insight.

Objective: To estimate and compare accuracy of ST segment response, DTS, Simple Treadmill Score and Cleveland Clinic Score to predict CAD.

Method: In a cross-sectional study total 130 patients who had visited at a medical university with stable chest pain were selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria over one year. After taking proper history and physical examination their ETT report and Coronary Angiogram (CAG) finding, which were done according to indication defined by their consultants. ETT interpretation as ST segment response and treadmill scores were compared with gold standard test for CAD that is CAG. Accuracy of STdepression and treadmill scores were calculated by the formula “Accuracy = TP+TN / Total Sample”.

Result: Among the total sample (n=130) male and female were 93 & 37, respectively. Nearly half of male sample fell into 5th decade and around same portion of female sample was in 4th decade. About 58%, 28% & 14% patients came with typical, atypical & non-cardiac chest pain. As calculated with above mentioned formula accuracy of ST segment response alone to diagnose IHD came about 68.4% (p value 0.004). Similarly DTS, STS and CCS had 83.3%, 83.9% and 77.2% accuracy, respectively (p value 0.000).

Conclusion: During ETT relying on ST segment depression alone to diagnose CAD is significantly less accurate than treadmill scores namely, Duke Treadmill Score, Simple treadmill Score or Cleveland Clinic Score. Applying any of these treadmill scores during exercise test interpretation can identify ischemic heart disease patients with more accuracy.

University Heart Journal Vol. 17, No. 1, Jan 2021; 10-15
Echocardiographic Assessment of Myocardial Viability and Prediction of Left Ventricular Functional Recovery after Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Strain and Strain Rate
Authors: Mohammad Sohan Arif , Chowdhury MSI Tipu , Mohammad Iqbal Khaled , Akhter Najnin , Hasan ATM Iqbal , Ahmed Chowdhury Meshkat
Published: June 2022

Background: Extent of viable myocardial tissue has been recognized as a major determinant of recovery of left ventricular (LV) function after myocardial infarction. The present research was aimed at assessment of myocardial viability and prediction of left ventricular functional recovery in patients after acute anterior ST-elevated myocardial infarction using Tissue Doppler strain.

Methods: In this prospective observational research, 47 patients admitted into the hospital with acute anterior ST-elevated myocardial infarction were included. All patients underwent two-dimensional and strain echocardiography within 48-72 hours of admission. Follow up two-dimensional echocardiography had performed at 6 months after baseline examination.

Results: Total 47 patients (mean age, 57±5 years) underwent two-dimensional and strain echocardiography within 48-72 hours of admission. Significant relations were observed between baseline global systolic lengthening strain and wall motion score index (r=0.67), change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, r= -.844), Global Ses (r=.441) and on admission troponin I (r =0.397). At 6-months follow-up, LV ejection fraction was reassessed. Patients with absolute improvement in LV ejection fraction ≥5% at 6-months follow-up (n=24; 51%) had a higher (more negative) baseline global Ses strain (P<0.001) and lower global systolic lengthening (P<.001). A cutoff value for baseline global systolic lengthening strain of 7.6% yielded a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 87% to predict LV functional recovery at 6-months follow-up.

Conclusions: Global Left ventricular strain (Ses and Systolic lengthening) early after acute anterior ST-elevated myocardial infarction reflects myocardial viability and predicts recovery of LV function at 6-monts follow-up.

University Heart Journal Vol. 17, No. 1, Jan 2021; 22-30
Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Young Lady with Mitral Stenosis – Uncommon Presentation of a Common Problem
Authors: Bhuiyan AKM Mohiuddin , Hasan ATM Iqbal , Rahman Md Mukhlesur , Saha Partha Pratim
Published: June 2022

Chronic rheumatic heart disease is the major contributor of valvular heart disease in this subcontinent. It can affect all the four valves. Among them mitral valve is affected most of the time. Involvement of the mitral valve could be presented in various nonspecific way like chest pain, palpitation, shortness of breath, difficulty in swallowing, change in voice and so on. There are few causes behind the chest pain. Myocardial infraction is one of the important cause.

University Heart Journal Vol. 17, No. 1, Jan 2021; 76-78
Modern data on the role of biofilm in the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal tissue diseases
Authors:   National Medical University named after A.A. Bogomoltsa, Kyiv, Ukraine, Homenko I. , Kolenko Yu. ,   National Medical University named after A.A. Bogomoltsa, Kyiv, Ukraine, Voronina I. ,   National Medical University named after A.A. Bogomoltsa, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kananovich T. ,   National Medical University named after A.A. Bogomoltsa, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2022

Abstracts. The article shows the role of biofilm in the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal tissue diseases. It is found that biofilm formation takes place in several stages. It is shown that gram-negative periodontal pathogens emit factors of aggression, which largely determine the clinic of periodontal tissue diseases, cause the formation of a periodontal pocket and lead to the destruction of the aiveolar bone. Key words: biofilms, etiology, pathogenesis, generalizeted periodontitis.
Çok kriterli karar verme ve doğrusal kombinasyon tekniği ile arazilerin tarımsal uygunluk derecelerinin belirlenmesi pilot çalışma; Ankara-Gölbaşı özel çevre koruma alanı ve yakın çevresi
Authors: DENGİZ Orhan , ORMANCI İsmail Fatih , ÖZKAN Barış
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Ankara ili Gölbaşı ilçesi özel çevre koruma alanı ve yakın çevresine ait alanların, yaygın olarak kullanılan çok kriterli karar verme yaklaşımlarından birisi olan Bulanık Analitik Hiyerarşik Süreç (B-AHS) ve Doğrusal Kombinasyon Tekniği CBS ile birlikte kullanılarak işlemeli tarım faaliyetlerine uygun potansiyel tarım alanlarının belirlenmesini içermektedir. Toplam 34695.60 ha alana sahip çalışma alanının işlemeli tarıma uygun potansiyel sahaların belirlenmesine yönelik olarak eğim, derinlik, erozyon, drenaj, taşlılık olmak üzere beş adet arazi özelliği ve organik madde, bünye, pH, EC ve kireç olmak üzere beş adet toprak özelliği toplamda 10 adet kriter kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, alanın %47.4’ü işlemeli tarıma S1 ve S2 düzeylerinde yani çok uygun ve uygun olarak belirlenirken, %9.3’ü ise işlemeli tarımsal faaliyetlere uygun olmadığı (N) belirlenmiştir.
EFFECT OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE HYDROGENATION OF REFINED PALM OIL
Authors:   Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria, N.M. Amadi , S.O Anyikwa ,   Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria, M.S Nwakaudu ,   Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria
Published: June 2022

The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of some process variables such as temperature, pressure, and agitation on the hydrogenation of refined palm oil so as to obtain a good yield of modified fat. This was done in a smallscale laboratory. Iodine’s test for unsaturation was used to test the saturation levels of the palm oil, the concentration of the oil was measured, and then the experiment was carried out using nickel catalyst to hydrogenate the oil. The variables were analyzed separately keeping the other two constant. Design software like Mat lab version 2013 was used to design the experiment and analytical software like Microsoft excel was used to run the R2Adjusted R2 and ANOVA analysis Twenty runs of experiments was carried out with the different variables. The result obtained for the modified fat for temperatures 40-800C and the optimal yield was 95% for 800C. Pressure of 1-5atm has an optimal yield of 90% for 5atm and for agitation 100-500rpm the optimal yield was 95% for 500rpm. In conclusion increase in the variables increases the yield of the hydrogenated fat.
‘The Eliminated Gods’: The Christian Reconfiguration of Jukun Theism
Authors: Irmiya Elawa Nathan
Published: June 2022

This article looks at an aspect of the cosmology of the Jukun of north-central Nigeria, specifically their theism, and how it has changed through their encounter with Christian monotheism. Many contemporary Jukun people assume that their indigenous cosmology has always been anchored on a Supreme Being akin to the Christian God. In this study I show that this currently held belief is largely due to the theological framework which Christian missionaries sought to make the Jukun worldview fit into. And even prior to the first Christian contact, Jukun indigenous cosmology had been in contact with Islam.

I give a very brief history of the Jukun and of the Christian missionary efforts among them starting in 1906 and, starting from my own questions growing up as a Jukun, look at how indigenous concepts and categories for deities were adapted over the course of time as the majority of Jukun became Christian.
The Relationship Between Nurse Supervision With Compliance Toward Handover During The Pandemic COVID-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Mauludin Dudi , Idealistiana Lia
Published: June 2022

Aims : Knowing the optimization of the implementation of supervision on nursing handover compliance.
Methods : Analytical with cross sectional. The sample in this study were 51 nurses in the inpatient room, the sampling technique was Total Sampling.
Results : Of the 51 respondents most of the respondents carried out supervision as many as 45 people (88.2%) and 6 people did not carry out supervision (11.8%). Based on compliance, most of the compliant did handovers as many as 43 people (84.3%) and those who did not comply with handovers as many as 8 people (15.7%). There was a significant relationship between the implementation of supervision and handover compliance (p value 0.006).
Conclusions : There is a significant relationship between the implementation of supervision and handover compliance so as to obtain optimal results. It is hoped that there will be solid cooperation between the head of the room and the implementing nurse so that it can produce good performance.
Pre-infection Mechanisms on the Phylloplane: The First Biochemical Battlefield Between the Cacao Tree and Witches' Broom Pathogen
Authors: Zugaib Maria , Almeida Dayanne Silva Monteiro de , de Santana Monique Reis , Macêdo Ferreira Monaliza , Santana Juliano Oliveira , Mangabeira Pedro Antônio Oliveira , Souza Jorge Teodoro de , Pirovani Carlos Priminho
Published: June 2022

The leaf surface combines biochemical substances and pre-existing morphological structures, as well as the presence of microorganisms. This dynamic environment constitutes a plant's initial defense, as well as the first contact of phytopathogens during invasion. Spore germination starts on the phylloplane and is a fundamental process for fungal development, and hence the establishment of disease. In this review, we address the phylloplane's innate defense mechanisms and biochemical reactions involved in the early stage of phytopathogenic fungal development. The focus is present the pre-infection molecular and biochemical processes of the interaction between Theobroma cacao and Moniliophthora perniciosa, showing how the defense mechanisms of the phylloplane can act to inhibit proteins involved at the beginning of fungal spore germination. We conclude that the phylloplane of the cocoa resistant genotype to M. perniciosa has performed chemical compounds, pre-existing morphological structures and the presence of microorganisms that participate in the pre-infection defense of the plant. Also, the inhibition of proteins involved in the germination mechanism of M. perniciosa basidiospores by chemical and structural compounds present in the cocoa phylloplane may decrease the disease index. Therefore, understanding how the phylloplane defense acts in the fungal spore germination process is essential to develop pre-infection control strategies for cacao plants against witches' broom.
Differentiation of the Xanthomonas hortorum – Xanthomonas hydrangeae Species Complex Using Sensitive and Selective LAMP Assays
Authors: Dia Nay C. , Cottyn Bart , Blom Jochen , Smits Theo H. M. , Pothier Joël F.
Published: June 2022

The seven pathovars of Xanthomonas hortorum and Xanthomonas hydrangeae, referred to as the X. hortorum – X. hydrangeae species complex, cause disease on a multitude of plants, including crops, ornamental and wild plants. Cross-pathogenicity was proven for some of the strains within this species complex. It is thus important to have highly specific and fast diagnostics methods for members of the X. hortorum – X. hydrangeae species complex. A comparative genomic analysis was conducted for representative members within the complex to identify singletons for use as genomic targets for the assays. Seven loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) diagnostics assays were developed for the detection of six clades within the X. hortorum – X. hydrangeae species complex, in addition to one assay specific for the entire species complex. Primer sets were tested on a set of 62 reference strains. The primer sets amplified their respective targets within 15 minutes. Based on the reference set, all assays had a sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of 100%. The assays were used on a validation set of 60 strains. According to the LAMP results, out of the 60 strains, 39 strains were assigned to one of the clades within the complex, 9 were assigned to the complex but to yet undefined clades within the complex, and 12 strains were previously misclassified as X. hortorum since their genomic DNA did not yield amplification with any of the assays. The seven genome-based assays are promising for use as diagnostic tools for various members within the X. hortorum – X. hydrangeae species complex, and for assigning new and historical isolates to this complex.
Intradermal Testing With COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Predicts Tolerance
Authors: Stehlin Florian , Mahdi-Aljedani Rima , Canton Loris , Monzambani-Banderet Véronique , Miauton Alix , Girard Cedric , Kammermann Kevin , Meylan Sylvain , Ribi Camillo , Harr Thomas , Yerly Daniel , Muller Yannick D.
Published: June 2022

Background

The newly developed mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines can provoke anaphylaxis, possibly induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) contained in the vaccine. The management of persons with a history of PEG allergy or with a suspected allergic reaction after the first dose remains to be defined.

Methods

In this real-life study, we defined two cohorts of individuals: one pre-vaccination including 187 individuals with high-risk profiles for developing anaphylaxis and a second post-vaccination including 87 individuals with suspected allergic reactions after the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Upon negative skin test with an mRNA vaccine, a two-step (10–90%) vaccination protocol was performed. Positive skin tests were confirmed with the basophil activation test (BAT).

Results

Among 604,267 doses of vaccine, 87 suspected allergic reactions (5 after the booster) were reported to our division for further investigations: 18/87 (21%) were consistent with anaphylaxis, 78/87 (90%) were female, and 47/87 (54%) received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Vaccine skin tests were negative in 96% and 76% of the pre- and post-vaccination cohorts, respectively. A two-step vaccination was tolerated in 232/236 (98%) of individuals with negative tests. Four individuals experienced isolated asthmatic reactions during the two-step challenge. Vaccine-positive skin tests were consistently confirmed by BAT; CD63 and CD203c expression was selectively inhibited with ibrutinib, suggesting an IgE-dependent mechanism.

Conclusion

Sensitization to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines can be detected with intradermal testing. Significantly more individuals were sensitized to mRNA vaccines in the post-vaccination cohort. A two-step 10–90%-vaccination protocol can be safely administered upon negative skin testing.
Stabilizing and Anti-Repressor Elements Effectively Increases Transgene Expression in Transfected CHO Cells
Authors: Li Qin , Yan Rui-Fang , Yang Yong-Xiao , Mi Chun-liu , Jia Yan-long , Wang Tian-Yun
Published: June 2022

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are currently the most widely used host cells for recombinant therapeutic protein (RTP) production. Currently, the RTP yields need to increase further to meet the market needs and reduce costs. In this study, three stabilizing and anti-repressor (SAR) elements from the human genome were selected, including human SAR7, SAR40, and SAR44 elements. SAR elements were cloned upstream of the promoter in the eukaryotic vector, followed by transfection into CHO cells, and were screened under G418 pressure. Flow cytometry was used to detect enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression levels. The gene copy numbers and mRNA expression levels were determined through quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, the effect of the stronger SAR elements on adalimumab was investigated. The results showed that transgene expression levels in the SAR-containing vectors were higher than that of the control vector, and SAR7 and SAR40 significantly increased and maintained the long-term expression of the transgene in CHO cells. In addition, the transgene expression level increase was related with gene copy numbers and mRNA expression levels. Collectively, SAR elements can enhance the transgene expression and maintain the long-term expression of a transgene in transfected CHO cells, which may be used to increase recombinant protein production in CHO cells.
Valsalva Maneuver Decreases Liver and Spleen Stiffness Measured by Time-Harmonic Ultrasound Elastography
Authors: Meyer Tom , Tzschätzsch Heiko , Wellge Brunhilde , Sack Ingolf , Kröncke Thomas , Martl Alma
Published: June 2022

Ultrasound elastography quantitatively measures tissue stiffness and is widely used in clinical practice to diagnose various diseases including liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. The stiffness of soft organs has been shown to be sensitive to blood flow and pressure-related diseases such as portal hypertension. Because of the intricate coupling between tissue stiffness of abdominal organs and perfusion-related factors such as vascular stiffness or blood volume, simple breathing maneuvers have altered the results of liver elastography, while other organs such as the spleen are understudied. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a standardized Valsalva maneuver on liver stiffness and, for the first time, on spleen stiffness using time-harmonic elastography (THE). THE acquires full-field-of-view stiffness maps based on shear wave speed (SWS), covers deep tissues, and is potentially sensitive to SWS changes induced by altered abdominal pressure in the hepatosplenic system. SWS of the liver and the spleen was measured in 17 healthy volunteers under baseline conditions and during the Valsalva maneuver. With the Valsalva maneuver, SWS in the liver decreased by 2.2% (from a median of 1.36 m/s to 1.32 m/s; p = 0.021), while SWS in the spleen decreased by 5.2% (from a median of 1.63 m/s to 1.51 m/s; p = 0.00059). Furthermore, we observed that the decrease was more pronounced the higher the baseline SWS values were. In conclusion, the results confirm our hypothesis that the Valsalva maneuver decreases liver and spleen stiffness, showing that THE is sensitive to perfusion pressure-related changes in tissue stiffness. With its extensive organ coverage and high penetration depth, THE may facilitate translation of pressure-sensitive ultrasound elastography into clinical routine.