bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ASHTAVARGAM KASHAYA AND GANDHARVAHASTHADI KASHAYA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF KATIGRAHA w.s.r. TO LUMBAR SPONDYLOSIS
Authors: D P Abeena Raj , Acharya Shripathi
Published: October 2021

Katigraha is a condition in which the vitiated Vata is localizing in the Katipradesha and producing stiff-ness and pain. These symptoms are similar to Lumbar Spondylosis. The degenerative changes due to aging or trauma, changing in lifestyle & work pattern, unhealthy food habits causing nutritional deficit etc., are causing Dhatukshaya and Margavarodha. Here Ashtavarga & Gandharvahasthadi Kashayas are taken to evaluate the effect on Katigraha. Totally 40 patients of Katigraha were selected, divided in to two groups equally. Group A treated with Ashtavargamkashaya and Group B treated with Gandharvahasthadi Kashaya for 30 days. In group A, 55% patients got moderate improvement and 40% patients with mild im-provement in group B, 5%got moderate improvement and 60% got mild improvement. It is concluded that in general statistically significant results were seen in both the groups. AshtavargamKashaya showed better efficacy than Gandharvahasthadikashaya.
A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY OF PANCHTIKTA KSHEERA BASTI AND
ASTHI SANDHANIYA DRAVYA SIDDH KSHEERA BASTI IN ASTHI KSHAYA
(OSTEOPOROSIS)
Authors: Bola Sunita , Sharma Mahesh Kumar , Sharma Gyan Prakash
Published: October 2021

According to Ayurveda, diseases occur due to Dhatuvaishamyta & Dhatusamya maintains regularity. The Ashti Dhathu is the one consecrated with the role of Shareera Dharana among the Saptha Dhathus. As-thikshaya is the condition in which there is Kshaya of Asthi Dhatu. Asthi Kshaya may be compared to Os-teoporosis, in which there is a decrease in bone mass leading to bone brittleness and fractures. Asthi Kshaya is one of Dhatu Kshaya. Due to Dhatu Kshaya there will be Vata Prakopa hence in the treatment decreased Vata Dosha along with nourishing Asthi Dhatu essential. Basti is considered as the best Treat-ment for the Vata Dosha and Asthi Ashrita Vyadhi and is known as Ardhachikitsa in Ayurveda. Ksheera Basti nourished the Asthi Dhatu and pacified there its Asharya Vata Dosha. Aim & Objective- To assess the efficacy of Panchtikta Ksheera Basti and Asthi Sandhaniya Dravya Siddh Ksheera Basti in the man-agement of Osteoporosis. Material and Methods- Present study was undertaken on 30 patients of Osteo-porosis. Patients diagnosed Osteoporotic by Bone Mineral Density test, were randomly divided into two Groups, A and B consisting of 10 patients each. Conclusion- The study shows that the Panchtikta Ksheera Basti and Asthi Sandhaniya Dravya Siddh Ksheera Basti are very effective in the management of Osteopo-rosis.
CLINICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF NASYA KARMA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MANYASTAMBHA
Authors: Deshmukh Paresh R. , Fadnavis Kavita K.
Published: October 2021

Human life has become more stressful these days. Sedentary lifestyle, occupational factors are playing a large role in increased prevalence of the common degenerative disorder of Cervical Spine i.e. Cervical Spondylosis. In Ayurvedic view, it can be correlated with Manyastambha which is a Vataja Nanatmaka Vikara. Degeneration means Apatarpana in Ayurveda. It needs to be treated with Brimhana Therapy. And Urdhvajatrugata Vyadhis are best treated with Nasya according to Ayurveda. So, taking all these factors into consideration, Brimhana Nasya Karma with Ksheerabala Taila was tried to alleviate the signs and symptoms of patients having Cervical Spondylosis. Assessment was done with regard to pain in neck and shoulder, tingling and numbness in hands and headache alongwith various angles of rotation of neck. The data was collected before and after administration of Nasya karma. The 15 days trial was proved to be significantly efficacious in reducing signs and symptoms of cervical spondylosis.
UNDERSTANDING OF COVID 19 THROUGH AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Bhardwaj Puneet , Sharma Punita , Yadav Chhaju Ram , Pandya Darshna H.
Published: October 2021

According to WHO, viral diseases continue to emerge and represent a serious issue to public health. Ayur-veda has a holistic approach with the aim of preventive as well as its curative aspect. In current era, there is advent of new diseases with every bit of time. For example, from last two decades SARS, MERS and now COVID-19, type of communicable diseases with no standard treatment protocol and vaccination. Ayurve-dic principles are valid in all these conditions because these has been tested over a long period of time by various Acharyas and compiled it in Samhitas. This article will illustrate the principles of Ayurveda and their use in current situation i.e. COVID-19.
PHARMACEUTICAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF RASANJAN W.S.R AYURVED PRAKASH SAMHITA
Authors: Asore Gangaprasad , Sheth Sachin S , Suthar Kanchan Bhawarlal
Published: October 2021

In this study, Daruharidra (Berberis Aristata) and Goat milk is main ingredient, and both have been con-sidered as a very significant herb in many eye and skin disease for external application. The bark is used as the main part of Daruharidra that is used in its crude form as powder or decoction. According to reference of Ayurved Prakasha Samhita, the Goat milk is used in preparation of Rasanjan. The present study is an attempt to prepare Rasanjan and evaluate the quality control parameters by doing analytical study.
CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF KAMALA AND ITS MANAGEMENT BY VIRECHAN
KARMA
Authors: Srishti Chandrakar , Rashmi Diwan , Jeevan Lal Sahu
Published: October 2021

Ayurveda considers Jaundice (Kamala) as a disorder of Raktavahasrotas. Vitiated Pitta is the main causa-tive factor in the pathogenesis of Kamala. In Ayurveda, Kamala is a next step of Pandu (anaemia). Ac-cording to Acharya Charaka, Kamala is mainly caused due to frequently consumption of Ushna (hot), Tik-shna (spicy) food i.e. Pittaprakopak Ahara (increasing level of Pitta). Due to these factors vitiation of Pitta (bile), Rakta (blood) and Mamsa (muscles) Dhatu will occur. Kamala is clinically correlated with jaundice due to its similarity of symptoms like yellowish of skin (Twak pitata), sclera (Netra), urine (Mutra), stool (Purisha) etc. In Kamala Vyadhi all Acharyas in Ayurveda texts has explained about Virechana Karma. Modern science has its own limitations in treating Kamala Vyadhi (jaundice) but Ayurvedic literature clearly explained pathology and treatment of Kamala Vyadhi which shows the specificity of Ayurveda. Ayurvedic line of management i.e., Virechana therapy and Shamana Chikitsa are successful in Kamala by removing toxic waste from the body and by correction of Agni (digestive fire).
EFFECT OF AYURVEDA MANAGEMENT IN SLAISHMIKI YONIVYAPAD –
A CASE STUDY
Authors: K Sruthi , Prem Priyanka , B. K Kavitha
Published: October 2021

Healthy habits are the best way to avoid disease. But in the chaos of a woman’s daily life healthy living is not at all followed now a days. Along with overall health of a women vaginal health is also an important part. An infection or change in the normal balance of vaginal yeast and bacteria can cause inflammation of the vagina. Symptoms includes vaginal discharge, odour, itching and pain. Common types of vaginitis include bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections and trichomoniasis. According to Ayurveda gynaecological diseases are listed under Yonivyapad. Slaishmiki Yonivyapad is one among them which describes about unctuous vaginal secretion with itching and pain.
SIGNIFICANCE OF SHARIR RACHANA (ANATOMY) IN POSITION OF GIVING BASTI AND NASYA
Authors: Gangwal Jyoti , Kholiya Sanjay
Published: October 2021

Ayurveda, the science of life which deals with the maintenance of physical, mental and spiritual well-being of an individual has its origin thousands of years ago from Vedic period. Among the four Vedas, Atharva Veda contributes more to Ayurveda. Ayurveda is also considered as fifth Veda or Upaveda. Ayurveda is divided into eight main branches for the convenience in clinical practice. They are Shalya Tantra, Shala-kya Tantra, Kaya Chikitsa, Kumarabritya, Bhuta Vidhya, Agada Tantra, Rasayana and Vajikarana Tantra. In Kaya Chikitsa there are some therapeutic procedures included which was mentioned by ancient Achar-ya. They are five in number. Nowadays these procedures have their separate branch, known as Pan-chaKarma. Present article only based on position of giving Basti and Nasya. Correct position during these procedures helps in benefits of therapy. According to Acharya Charak Vaman, Virechana, Niruha Basti (Asthapana Basti), Anuvasana Basti, Nasya are the five procedures of PanchaKarma. He mentioned fur-ther types of Basti and Nasya in Chikitsa Sthan.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICACY OF SPECIFIC YOGASANASA - SINGLE CASE STUDY ON PCOS
Authors: 1 Sushma , Chaudhary Shivani , Jalihal Satish
Published: October 2021

Due to sedentary lifestyle and stress, the incidence of metabolic disorders is increasing day by day. Among these, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of them. PCOS is a disease, which is related to cystic changes in the ovary. The follicles develop from primordial follicle, but the development stops at an early antral stage due to disturbed ovarian function. Women with PCOS have irregular menstrual cycle, excess of androgen, anovulation, acne, hirsutism and infertility. According to Ayurveda, this type of clinical features is found in Pushpagni, Jataharni and Artavakshaya. It can be considered as rasa Medodhatuvikara and has to be managed depending on Doshadushya vitiation. Ayurvedic management principles as Amaha-rachikitsa, Shodhana and Samana therapies along with Vata-Kaphahara Dravyas. Diet and lifestyle modi-fications are also proving to be beneficial in PCOS. The present study highlights the effect of Samana ther-apy in PCOS.
AN AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF VICHARCHIKA - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sharma Chander Shekhar , Sharma Amrita
Published: October 2021

Twak has intimate relationship with the Doshas, Sparsnendriyaas a whole is considered as Vatasthana. Twak and Rasadhatu are considered as Bahya Rogmarg. Eczema is widely considered to be specific type of Kushtha known as Vicharchika, with complex pathology, varying presentations, and various treatment modules within the context of Ayurveda. The Kushtha is generally used as a universal term for all kinds of skin disorders, which is further classified in two divisions i.e. Mahakushta and Kshudrakushta and Vicharchika is mentioned under Kshudrakushta. Vicharchika is considered as Rakta Pradoshaja Vikaras. Recurrences and chronic course is a distinct feature for this disease. Eczema is primarily managed with top-ical steroids, antiseptic, immune-suppressors drugs to inhibit immune and inflammatory response. Howev-er, it does not provide treatment for the root causative factors. Ayurveda provides principle-based treatment for eczema by cleansing vitiated Dosha and balancing the Dosha and Dhatus. The case report involved a female patient of Pitta-Kaphaj Prakruti with exudate, intense itching, and erythema of the skin.Within one month of the beginning the treatment, eczematous lesions were improving and even after two months, the patient showed no signs of recurrence.
Health Benefits of Curcumin in the Prevention and Treatment of Diseases
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411 INDIA, Kaur Gurleen
Published: October 2021

Medicines obtained from plants have portrayed the crucial involvement in both cultures’ health, ancient and modern times because of their inexpensive properties and belief of the people that natural products have less or no side effects. Curcuma longa (turmeric), a perennial shrub integrated from the family Zingiberaceae, was used for a long as a spice to alleviate inflammation, discomfort, healing of wounds, and digestive ailments in Asian food. In various forms, curcumin is recognized and utilized globally for many health advantages, mainly due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The therapeutic effectiveness of curcumin against many illnesses, including arthritis, cardiovascular, diabetes, neurological, Crohn's disease, and tumor have already been recorded. The therapy of curcumin has been validated in a variety of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, bronchial hyperactivity, and allergy, as well as for liver, anorexia, rheumatism, and diabetic wounds according to Ayurvedic medicine. It is used to treat abdominal pain-related disorders as in traditional Chinese Medicine. It was utilized as a treatment for sprains and swelling in ancient Hindu medicine. This review paper outlines many health advantages and activities of Curcumin.
Using Textual and Economic Features to Predict the RMB Exchange Rate
Authors: Chung Yi-Chen , Chou Hsien-Ming , Hung Chih-Neng , Hung Chihli
Published: October 2021

Abstract

This research proposes an integrated framework for the use of textual and economic
features to predict the exchange rate of the TWD (Taiwan dollar) against the RMB
(Chinese Renminbi). The exchange rate is affected by the current economic
situation and expectations for the future economic climate. Exchange rate
forecasting studies focus mainly on overall economic indices and the actual
exchange rate, but overlook the influence of news. This research considers both
textual and economic factors and builds three basic prediction models, i.e. multiple
linear regression (MLR), support vector regression (SVR), and Gaussian process
regression (GPR) for the prediction of the RMB exchange rate. In addition to the
three basic prediction models, this research uses ensemble learning and feature
selection techniques to improve prediction performance. Our experiments
demonstrate that textual features also play an important role in predicting the RMB
exchange rate. The SVR model is shown to outperform the other models and the
MLR model is shown to perform worst. The ensemble of three basic models
performs better than its individual counterparts. Finally, the models which use
feature selection techniques demonstrate improved results in general, and different
feature selection techniques are shown to be more suitable for different prediction
models.

JEL classification numbers: D80, F31, F47.
Keywords: Exchange rate prediction, Text mining, Ensemble learning, Time series
forecasting.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Kepribadian Guru terhadap Akhlak Siswa di SMK Cendekian Muslim Nanggung-Bogor
Authors: Safitri Evi , Setiawati Yanti Hasbian , Suryana Agus
Published: October 2021

Islamic religious education teachers are often targeted and cornered when many students violate school rules and regulations. But with the personality competence of Islamic religious education teachers, students can imitate the attitudes and actions of their teachers. This research was conducted at SMK Cendikia Muslim Nanggung Bogor. The research population was 832 students while the sample was 40 students, with a stratified random sampling technique. This study applies the correlation method with research instruments using a questionnaire for the personality competence of Islamic religious education teachers and student morals using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the product moment correlation technique. The results showed that r count = 0.731, which means that there is an influence of the personality competence of Islamic religious education teachers on student morals. Likewise, the significance test with the t test shows t count 6.603 t table 2.024, this means that the influence of personality competences of Islamic religious education teachers has a significant effect. While the contribution of Islamic religious education teachers to student morals is shown by the coefficient of determination = 53% which means that the personality competence of Islamic religious education teachers makes a large contribution to student morals.
Medieval Roots of the Myth of Jewish Male Menstruation
Authors:   Clalit Health Services, Haifa and Western Galilee District, Nahariya, Israel, Roguin Maro Nora , Roguin Ariel , Roguin Nathan ,   Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel and The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel,   The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Published: October 2021

The Jews in Western Europe during the middle ages were often perceived as distinct from other people not only in their religion, but also by virtue of peculiar physical characteristics. Male Jews were circumcised, which made them physically distinct in the sexual realm. They were believed to have a flux of blood due to hemorrhoids that was thought to more abound in Jews because they consumed salty foods and gross undigested blood, and were melancholic. By the late medieval and early modern periods, the male menstru¬ation motif had become closely connected to the theory of the four humors and the balance between bodily fluids. Men in general were thought of as emitting extra heat, whereas women were considered to be phys¬ically cooler. While most men were generally able to reduce their heat naturally, there was a perception that womanish Jewish males were unable to do so, and thereby required “menstruation” (i.e. a literal discharge of blood) in order to achieve bodily equilibrium. The Jewish male image as having menses due to bleeding hemorrhoids was an anti-Semitic claim that had a religious explanation: Jews menstruated because they had been beaten in their hindquarters for having crucified Jesus Christ. This reflection is one of the first biological-racial motifs that were used by the Christians. Preceding this, anti-Semitic rationalizations were mostly religious. However, once these Christians mixed anti-Semitism with science, by emphasizing the metaphorical moral impurity of Jews, the subsequent belief that Jewish men “menstruated” developed—a belief that would have dire historical consequences for the Jewish communities of Europe until even the mid-twentieth century. This topic has direct applicability to current medical practice. The anti-Semitic perspec¬tive of Jewish male menstruation would never have taken hold if the medical community had not ignored the facts, and if the population in general had had a knowledge of the facts. In the same way, it is important for present-day scientists and healthcare professionals to understand thoroughly a topic and not to deliberately ignore the facts, which can affect professional and public thought, thereby leading to incorrect and at times immoral conclusions.
The effect of a direct-fed microbial (PrimaLac) and fat inclusion on performance and energy metabolism in broiler chicks and turkey poults
Authors: Black Samantha , Fahrenholz Adam , Grimes Jesse L.
Published: October 2021

Two battery trials were conducted to determine the effects of dietary direct-fed microbial (DFM) and dietary fat inclusion on broiler chick and turkey poult performance and dietary apparent metabolizable energy, nitrogen corrected (AMEn) when fed corn, wheat, and soy diets. For both experiments, a 2 x 2 factorial experimental design was used with supplemental fat at low (1%, LF) or high (6%, HF) levels and DFM inclusion (0 or 0.91 kg/ton) as main effects. Dietary treatments were randomly assigned to 72 cages of birds and fed for 21 days. Growth performance was measured weekly, and cecal contents were collected for volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis on day 21. Fat supplementation resulted in increased body weight gain (BWG) in both broilers and turkeys. Specifically, in LF diets, DFM inclusion resulted in increased BWG compared to the non-DFM treatments. Cumulative feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in HF treatments and the LF with DFM treatment compared to the LF with no DFM. In both trials, as expected, feeding HF diets resulted in increased AMEn. However, the DFM inclusion resulted in a greater uplift in AMEn in LF diets for both broilers and turkeys. In either trial, diet did not impact cecal VFA concentrations; thus, the impact on DFM on VFA production remains uncertain. In conclusion, the performance of broiler chicks and turkey poults was improved by DFM inclusion in reduced fat diets which was associated with increased energy digestibility as measured by AMEn.
The impact of peripheral circulation characteristics of typhoon on sustained ozone episodes over the Pearl River Delta region, China
Authors: Li Ying , Zhao Xiangjun , Deng Xuejiao , Gao Jinhui
Published: October 2021

Abstract. It is widely reported that the peripheral circulation of typhoon favors for the formation of sustained ozone episodes. However, the process how it impact on the day-to-day ozone pollution levels during the episodes have not been clearly studies, which is crucial for better prediction of the daily ozone variation. In this study, the analysis of ground observation, wind profile data, and model simulation are integrated. By analyzing the wind profile radar observations, we found a weak winds depth deepening (WWDD; vertical depth of the weak winds increased), which is more correlated to the ground-level ozone variation than surface weak wind. Long-term statistical analyses show that the WWDD is a common weather phenomenon that occurs in the peripheral subsidence region of typhoons and was generally accompanied by ozone pollution episodes. WRF-Chem with process analysis simulation show that under the impact of the peripheral subsidence chemical formation (CHEM) and vertical mixing (VMIX) effects are two major contributors to the enhancement of ozone levels, while the advection (ADV) are always negative values. But regarding the daily variability of the daytime ozone levels during the episode, it do not determined by the daily variation of daytime CHEM and VMIX, but that of the ADV term. A detail day-to-day analysis show that weak subsidence associated with typhoon periphery provide the premise for the clear sky and warmer air, which is conducive for the ozone photolysis formation (CHEM) above the ground in planetary boundary layer (PBL) and compensate the ozone through the positive VMIX effects on the ground. The WWDD induced by the peripheral circulation of typhoon system provide the premise for the day-to-day positive contribution of ADV term to ozone enhancement, which play an important role in determining the day-to-day daytime ozone variation. These results indicate the important role of the WWDD in the lower troposphere for the formation of sustained ozone episodes due to the peripheral circulation of the typhoon, which helps to better predict the daily changes of daytime ozone levels.
Contribution of the gas-phase reaction between hydroxyl radical and sulfur dioxide to the sulfate aerosol over West Pacific
Authors: Chen Yu-Wen , Chen Yi-Chun , Chou Charles C.-K. , Hung Hui-Ming , Chang Shih-Yu , Eirenschmalz Lisa , Lichtenstern Michael , Ziereis Helmut , Schlager Hans , Stratmann Greta , Kaiser Katharina , Schneider Johannes , Borrmann Stephan , Obersteiner Florian , Förster Eric , Zahn Andreas , Chen Wei-Nai , Lin Po-Hsiung , Chang Shuenn-Chin , Andrés Hernández Maria Dolores , Wang Pao-Kuan , Burrows John P.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Sulfate is among the major components of atmospheric aerosols or fine particulate matters. Aerosols loaded with sulfate result in low air quality, damage to ecosystems, and influences on climate change. Sulfate aerosols could originate from that directly emitted to the atmosphere and that produced by atmospheric physicochemical processes. The latter is generated from sulfur dioxide (SO2) via oxidation either in the gas phase reactions or in the aqueous phase. Several mechanisms of SO2 oxidation have been proposed, but the differentiation of the various mechanisms and identification of the sources remain challenging. To meet this need, a new method to estimate the contribution of the gas-phase reaction between hydroxyl radical (OH) and SO2 to the sulfate aerosol is proposed and investigated. Briefly, we consider the OH-reaction rates of the respective trace gases that compete for OH radicals with SO2 in the troposphere, and estimate the fraction of SO2-OH reaction in the total OH reactivity. Then the relationship between sulfate concentration and the SO2-OH reaction is analyzed statistically to investigate the sources of sulfate in aerosols. We test this method using the data from ground-based observations and aircraft measurements made during the Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the Regional to Global scales in Asia (EMeRGe-Asia) over the western Taiwan and West Pacific regions. Our results show that the estimated SO2-OH reactivity fraction is well-correlated with sulfate concentration. The sulfate production from SO2-OH reaction accounts for approximately 30 % of the total sulfate in aerosols collected at the surface and near-surface (altitude < 600 m) in our study area, comparable to the estimates from other model simulations. Within its assumptions and limitations, this new method provides a valuable approach to investigate the significance of SO2-OH reaction regionally and globally.
Improved gridded ammonia emission inventory in China
Authors: Li Baojie , Chen Lei , Shen Weishou , Jin Jianbing , Wang Teng , Wang Pinya , Yang Yang , Liao Hong
Published: October 2021

Abstract. As a major alkaline gas in the atmosphere, NH3 significantly impacts atmospheric chemistry, ecological environment, and biodiversity. Gridded NH3 emission inventories can significantly affect the accuracy of model concentrations and play a crucial role in the refinement of mitigation strategies. However, several uncertainties are still associated with existing NH3 emission inventories in China. Therefore, in this study, we focused on improving fertilizer-application-related NH3 emission inventories. We comprehensively evaluated the dates and times of fertilizer application to the major crops that are cultivated in China, improved the spatial allocation methods for NH3 emissions from croplands with different rice types, and established a gridded NH3 emission inventory for mainland China with a resolution of 5 min × 5 min in 2016. The results showed that the atmospheric NH3 emissions in mainland China amounted to 12.11 Tg, with livestock waste (44.8 %) and fertilizer application (38.6 %) being the two main NH3 emission sources in China. Obvious spatial variability in NH3 emissions was also identified, and high emissions were predominantly concentrated in North China. Further, NH3 emissions tended to be high in summer and low in winter, and the ratio for the July–January period was 3.08. Furthermore, maize and rice fertilization in summer was primarily responsible for the increase in NH3 emissions in China, and the evaluation of the spatial and temporal accuracy of the NH3 emission inventory established in this study using the WRF-Chem and ground-station- and satellite-based observations showed that it was more accurate than other inventories.
Reconstruction of the mass and geometry of snowfall particles from multi-angle snowflake camera (MASC) images
Authors: Leinonen Jussi , Grazioli Jacopo , Berne Alexis
Published: October 2021

Abstract. This paper presents a method named 3D-GAN, based on a generative adversarial network (GAN), to retrieve the total mass, 3D structure and the
internal mass distribution of snowflakes. The method uses as input a triplet of binary silhouettes of particles, corresponding to the triplet of
stereoscopic images of snowflakes in free fall captured by a multi-angle snowflake camera (MASC). The 3D-GAN method is trained on simulated snowflakes of known characteristics whose silhouettes are statistically similar to real MASC observations, and it is evaluated by means of snowflake replicas printed in 3D at 1:1 scale. The estimation of mass obtained by 3D-GAN has a normalized RMSE (NRMSE) of 40 %, a mean normalized bias (MNB) of 8 % and largely outperforms standard relationships based on maximum size and compactness. The volume of the convex hull of the particles is retrieved with NRMSE of 35 % and MNB of +19 %. In order to illustrate the potential of 3D-GAN to study snowfall microphysics and highlight its complementarity with existing retrieval algorithms, some application examples and ideas are provided, using as showcases the large available datasets of MASC images collected worldwide during various field campaigns. The combination of mass estimates (from 3D-GAN) and hydrometeor classification or riming degree estimation (from independent methods) allows, for example, to obtain mass-to-size power law parameters stratified on hydrometeor type or riming degree. The parameters obtained in this way are consistent with previous findings, with exponents overall around 2 and increasing with the degree of riming.
Invited perspectives: challenges and future directions in improving bridge flood resilience
Authors: Tubaldi Enrico , White Christopher J. , Patelli Edoardo , Mitoulis Stergios , de Almeida Gustavo , Brown Jim , Cranston Michael , Hardman Martin , Koursari Eftychia , Lamb Rob , McDonald Hazel , Mathews Richard , Newell Richard , Pizarro Alonso , Roca Marta , Zonta Daniele
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Bridges are critical infrastructure components of road and rail transport networks. A large number of these critical assets cross or are adjacent to waterways and floodplains and are therefore exposed to flood actions such as scour, hydrodynamic loading and inundation, all of which are exacerbated by debris accumulations. These stressors are widely recognised as responsible for the vast majority of bridge failures around the world. While efforts have been made to increase the robustness of bridges to the flood hazard, many scientific and technical gaps remain. These gaps were explored during an expert workshop that took place in April 2021 with the participation of academics, consultants and decision makers operating in the United Kingdom and specialised in the fields of bridge risk assessment and management and floods. In particular, the following issues, established at different levels and scales of bridge flood resilience, were analysed: (i) characterization of the effects of floods on different bridge typologies, (ii) inaccuracy of formulae for scour depth assessment, (iii) evaluation of consequences of damage, (iv) recovery process after flood damage, (v) decision-making under uncertainty, and (vi) use of event forecasting and monitoring data for increasing the reliability of bridge flood risk estimations. These issues are discussed in this paper to inform other researchers and stakeholders worldwide, guide the directions of future research in the field, and influence policies for risk mitigation and rapid response to flood warnings, ultimately increasing bridge resilience.
Southwestward propagating quasi-biweekly oscillations over the South-West Indian Ocean during boreal winter
Authors: Ghatak Sambrita , Sukhatme Jai
Published: October 2021

Abstract. An analysis of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) over the South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO) yields regular, poleward propagating, large-scale, convectively coupled systems of alternating cyclonic and anticyclonic circulation with a quasi-biweekly period during boreal winter. Composites from 10 years (2000/01 – 2009/10) of OLR and reanalysis data show well-formed rotational gyres that can be tracked from near the equator to almost 35° S appearing slightly west of Sumatra and going towards Madagascar, i.e., with mean southwest propagation. The gyres show a marked northwest-southeast tilt, giving rise to a northeast-southwest oriented wavetrain. The scale of the gyres is about 30°–35°, their period is 18–20 days and they have a westward phase speed of approximately 4 ms−1. The group velocity of these wave packets is near-zero. Velocity fields with OLR indicate that maxima of moist convective activity lie in the northeast sector of the gyres (in the Southern Hemisphere), likely a result of both convergence and the poleward rotational advection of moist air. Wavetrains comprising the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) are born near the equator with a barotropic profile; a first baroclinic form emerges as they move southward and couple with moisture. In their decaying stage, convective activity decreases and the systems regain an equivalent barotropic structure. A vorticity budget reveals that the β effect plays a leading role in the propagation of the QBWO, though moist coupling (via stretching) is important in reducing the speed of propagation of this mode. Further, these two terms with horizontal advection account for much of the observed vorticity tendency. Finally, apart from their contribution to intraseasonal variability, moist convection and strong circulation anomalies in the QBWO lows (cyclonic gyres with negative OLR anomalies) — especially in combination with the vorticity of the background flow during the boreal winter season — are shown to provide favourable conditions for the genesis of tropical cyclones (TCs). In particular, depressions are spawned within QBWO lows, some of which mature into TCs that affect Madagascar, other SWIO islands and the coast of southeast Africa.
CFD Studies on Wind Turbine Interactions with the Turbulent Local Flow Field Influenced by Complex Topography and Thermal Stratification
Authors: Letzgus Patrick , Guma Giorgia , Lutz Thorsten
Published: October 2021

Abstract. This paper shows the results of CFD studies of turbulent flow fields and their effects on a wind turbine in complex terrain. As part of the WINSENT project a research test site comprising four meteorological masts and two research wind turbines is currently being constructed in the Swabian Alps in Southern Germany. This work is an essential part of the research of the Southern German wind energy research cluster WindForS. The terrain site is characterised by a densely forested escarpment and a flat plateau downstream of the slope. The met masts and wind turbines are built on this plateau. In the first part, high-resolution CFD simulations are performed to separately investigate the effects of the forested escarpment and of thermal stratification on the flow field and on the wind turbine accordingly. In the second part, all the examined effects are combined for a real-life case dated March 2021. There, unstable conditions prevailed and the forest shows low leaf area densities due to the wintertime. It is shown that atmospheric turbulence, forests, orographies, and thermal stratification must be considered when assessing the impact of wind turbines in complex terrain. All of these effects influence the flow field both at the turbine position as well as in its wake. Turbulent structures of the forest wake cross the rotor plane temporarily and thereby affect the turbine inflow. Moreover, convective conditions and upward flows caused by the orography have an impact on the performance output as inclined flows result in asymmetric torque distributions. The wind turbine wake and the forest wake mix further downstream, resulting in a fast decay of the turbine wake. The paper also describes how the turbulent flow in the wake changes in the presence of thermal stratification.
Evaluating Spiral Progression Approach (SPA) in Teaching Science and Mathematics for Junior High Curriculum
Authors: Batidor Paulo G. , Casinillo Leomarich F.
Published: October 2021

The goal of the Spiral Progression Approach (SPA) is that the teaching process will lead to boosting cognitive improvement. This study aimed to evaluate SPA in teaching Science and Mathematics students using the modified post-test only design. The first batch of the K-12 program is the treatment group. In contrast, the last batch under the Basic Education Curriculum is the comparison group. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to determine a significant impact on the students' academic performance. Results showed a significant impact in Biology and Chemistry but not in Integrated Science and Physics. There was also a significant impact in Trigonometry and Statistics but not in Elementary Algebra, Intermediate Algebra, and Plane Geometry. However, the student's academic performance remained below satisfactory in Biology, Chemistry, and Trigonometry, and Statistics. Hence, teachers must be experts in their respective fields and undergo rigorous training to improve their strategies and become globally competitive educators.
Printed Modular Distance Learning in Philippine Public Elementary Schools in Time of COVID-19 Pandemic: Quality, Implementation, and Challenges
Authors: Talimodao Allen Jake S. , Madrigal Dennis  V.
Published: October 2021

Coronavirus Disease 2019 forced educational sectors worldwide to implement various distance learning modalities. In the Philippines, printed modular distance learning modality was implemented to continue delivering quality and relevant education amid the pandemic. Thus, this study assessed the quality and implementation of PMDL in public elementary schools. Likewise, this study ranked the challenges encountered by the teachers in the quality and implementation of PMDL. Using descriptive and inferential analyses, the results revealed that both quality and implementation of PMDL were consistently excellent, indicating the adherence of the modality to the national standards set by the Department of Education. However, significantly lower quality of PMDL among small and medium schools and the encountered challenges of teachers on assessments, activities, outputs, parents' incapacity, inconsistent participation, and compliance established the need for instructional supervision.
Community Translation: Translation as a social activity and its possible consequences in the advent of Web 2.0 and beyond
Authors: O’Hagan Minako
Published: October 2021

This introduction to the 10th issue of Linguistica Antverpiensia New Series – Themes in translation Studies (LANS-TTS) begins by discussing the central concept of community translation, highlighting its terminological ambiguity. This is in part due to the already well-established field of community interpreting where the term is often used to mean the written translation of public information for immigrants. It is also an indication of the terminological instability typical of an emerging paradigm. For example, community translation is used more or less synonymously with such terms as translation crowdsourcing, user-generated translation and collaborative translation.  The meaning of the term as we discuss in this issue can be best specified when the concept is anchored in the context of Web 2.0 (second generation web-technologies). This in turn acknowledges its intrinsic tie to online communities and directs us to new dynamics resulting from general Internet users acting as translators. While participants in community translation are not necessarily all unpaid, untrained volunteers community translation is used by some organisations as a mechanism to obtain free translations by going outside the professional translation sphere. To this end the ethical question of profit-making enterprises accessing free labour on the pretext of openness and sharing remains. That said, the author believes community translation is far more than a dilettante, anti-professional movement. Building on the emerging picture from the contributions in this volume, the author suggests some of the future directions that research on community translation might take, emphasising the need to reflect on the current translation practices and be open to the new developments and opportunities arising from the free and social Internet.
On mediating agents’ moves and how they might affect patient-centredness in mediated medical consultations
Authors: Krystallidou Demi K.
Published: October 2021

The present study aims to shed some light on indicators that might potentially challenge patient-centredness (as practised by self-professed patient-centred doctors) within a mediated medical encounter, and to contribute to the fields of linguistics, translation studies and medical communication. Selected instances of transcribed video recordings are analysed within the framework of Goffman’s footing and participation roles, while transcribed audio recorded interviews with participants in the triad are taken into consideration as well. Both verbal and non-verbal cues (i.e., gaze) are taken into account. The data is drawn from a corpus of video-recorded mediated consultations in a urban hospital in Belgium. Hospital ethical approval and subjects’ written informed consent have been obtained
Metaphorical models and the translator’ s approach to scientific texts
Authors: Temmerman Rita
Published: October 2021

Indeed, the utility of theory-constitutive metaphor seems to lie largely in the fact that they provide a way to introduce terminology for features of the world whose existence seems probable, but many of whose fundamental properties have yet to be discovered. Theory constitutive metaphors, in other words, represent one strategy for the accommodation of language to as yet undiscovered causal features of the world. (Boyd 1979:364)In this article we investigate the mechanisms behind the urge for better and new understanding. Our hypothesis is that these are generally related to and inspired by metaphorical reasoning. The existing cognitive model of a source domain of understanding is used to structure and categorise a target domain. The metaphorical model is an underlying schema which is not fully expressed propositionally and lexically. The traces and results of metapho¬rical thinking are in metaphorical lexicalisations. We challenge the princi¬ple of traditional Vienna school terminology theory which claims that because unambiguous communication is the ideal in scientific communica¬tion, it is preferable to replace a metaphorical term by its literal equivalent. We show how in the life sciences the gestalt-like metaphorical model which was at the basis of better understanding and new discovery continues to have an important role in didactic as well as in scientific texts which treat the same or related subjects. The discipline of terminology theory could work out guidelines for the description of metaphorical models starting from the metaphorical lexicalisations which are the traces which metaphorical think¬ing leaves in a language. Translators who are aware of the impact of metaphorical reasoning on lexicalisation in scientific language will develop the ability to distinguish between metaphorical models which are language and culture independent and those which are not.
La ‘traduction supposée’ ou: de la place des pseudotraductions poétiques en France
Authors: Lombez Christine
Published: October 2021

A pseudo-translation is a fiction, an original text that the author chose to present as a genuine translation for either psychological (e.g. to be acknow-ledged as a writer), ideological (to convey potentially polemic contents with-out being directly involved oneself) or literary reasons (to import new literary patterns supposedly belonging to another tradition). Romantic French poets such as Mérimée, Nodier , Rabbe, and Nerval saw fictitious translations as a way of experimenting with new poetic devices and of freeing themselves from what they regarded as the narrow conventions inherited from French Classicism. My intention in this paper is to contextualize the practice of pseudo-translations in France and in Europe, and to analyze to which extent pseudo-translations of poetical texts contributed to major changes in 19th-century French poetics, be it through the promotion of a new conception of poetry, the introduction of so-called ‘free verse’, or the creation of a new genre: the prose poem.
Macro social theory, linguistic ethnography and interpreting research
Authors: Inghilleri Moira
Published: October 2021

This article presents an outline of a sociological and linguistic-ethnographic perspective as applied to contexts of community interpreting. It describes a theoretical and methodological approach which, drawing on Toury ’s descriptivist theory of norms and Bourdieu ’s social reproduction theory, considers how relevant macro-social features impact on interpreting activity. This approach has as its aim to theorise configurations of the social in lo- cal interpreting contexts and to demonstrate how interpreters, as pivotal players in these contexts, are caught up in larger social configurations of power and control, both internal and external to their professional field of practice. It suggests that norms of interpreting activity and training can be linked to the wider social and political contexts of their occurrence. A descriptive language of interpreted events is developed which reflects participants’ embeddedness in social and political processes, and how this impacts on both actual and potential discursive moves within interpreted interactions. The sociological and linguistic-ethnographic perspective takes the view that what happens at the surface level of interactions is more often than not a micro drama through which a larger social and political reality is acted out in a refractedform.
“During the interview, the interpreter will provide a faithful translation.” The potentials and pitfalls of researchinginterpreting in immigration, asylum, and police settings: methodology and research paradigms
Authors: Pöllabauer Sonja
Published: October 2021

This article presents a bibliometrical survey of an extensive corpus of research on interpreting in immigration, asylum andpolice settings. The article takes stock ofpast research andpoints towards questionsforfurther research. The corpus of relevant literature is grouped according to the authors’ disciplinary background, and examined on the basis of a bibliometrical analysis with respect to the authors’ affiliation, type(s) ofpublication, date(s) of publication, methodology, and predominant paradigms and topics. The survey also investigates the different analytical (mainly discourse analytical) approaches that have been used to analyse these kind of interpreter-mediated interviews
Between semiotic linguistics and narratology: Objective grounding and similarity in essayistic translation
Authors: Goethals Patrick
Published: October 2021

In memoriam Christophe HalsbergheIn this article, I will show how the description of meaning in translated texts can be enriched by combining insights from semiotic linguistics and narratology. Concretely, I will focus on the phenomenon of ‘grounding’ as it is described in Cognitive Grammar. Special attention will be paid to ‘ob-jective grounding’. I will claim that this phenomenon plays a central role in essayistic translation, as it reflects one of the core characteristics of this type of translation, i.e. the search for similarity. The analysis of objective grounding will allow us to develop this notion, describing similarity at product level but also at the communicative process level. In the final sec-tion, I will try to link the search for similarity with psychological notions such as empathy and anxiety.
Technological growth: a Brazil-World evolution and re-adaptation after COVID-19
Authors: Fontgalland Filho Glauco , Fontgalland Isabel Lausanne
Published: October 2021

The year of 2020 became known as the year of the COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic has been changing the socioeconomic structures of the world and the educational institutions in Brazil, halting face-to-face activities as time progressed in response to the social distancing measures. Arising from an early perspective of growth, Brazil had to take a leap of faith in readapting itself to the set conditions. According to the teaching method, technology-mediated learning has gained emphasis and makes room for distinguished human interactions. These teaching practices already existed, but only reached a small scale. Technology had to reshape its manners to comfort the demand and the new health requirements. This article presents and discusses the Brazilian perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for the use of new and readapting technologies for the evolution and survival of the pandemic.  The main results imply that the enactment of digital inclusion policies seeking to reduce regional inequalities of internet access is a necessary condition for any online teaching strategy to flourish and that technological innovation is parallel to the time progression of the world’s condition.