bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental data from the Braunschweig FACE studies on wheat growth responses to elevated CO2 in combination with nitrogen supply or infrared warming during grain filling.
Authors: Manderscheid Remy , Dier Markus , Erbs Martin , Luig Adam , Oldenburg Elisabeth , Sickora Jan , Weigel Hans-Joachim
Published: August 2020

This data paper contains data from a FACE experiment with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, c.v. Batis)  carried out over two years at Braunschweig, Germany. The experimental variants included firstly a study on the interaction of two levels of CO2 (393, 600 ppm) and three levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization (ca. 40, 190 and 320 kg N ha-1) and secondly a study on the interaction of these CO2 treatments and three levels of infrared warming during grain filling (ambient, ca. +1.5°C and +3°C). In the second study N supply was only ca. 190 kg N ha-1. The datasets of the two studies assembled herein contain data on weather, management, soil condition, soil moisture, phenology, dry weights and N concentrations of the plant (leaves, stems ears), green area index, stem reserves, final grain yield and yield components as well as canopy temperatures (this only applies to the second study). Most of the experimental findings have already been published in scientific journals. Data provided herein are suited to validate the interaction of elevated CO2 concentration and either N supply or high temperature during grain filling in wheat growth models.
On Some Properties of Space S_{w}^{α}
Authors: TOKSOY Erdem , SANDIKÇI Ayşe
Published: August 2020

In this study, first of all we define spaces S^{Θ}(ℝ^{d}) and S_{w}^{Θ}(ℝ^{d}) and give examples of these spaces. After we define S_{w}^{α}(ℝ^{d}) to be the vector space of f∈L_{w}¹(ℝ^{d}) such that the fractional Fourier transform F_{α}f belongs to S_{w}^{Θ}(ℝ^{d}). We endow this space with the sum norm ‖f‖_{S_{w}^{α}}=‖f‖_{1,w}+‖F_{α}f‖_{S_{w}^{Θ}} and then show that it is a Banach space. We show that S_{w}^{α}(ℝ^{d}) is a Banach algebra and a Banach ideal on L_{w}¹(ℝ^{d}) if the space  S_{w}^{Θ}(ℝ^{d}) is solid. Furthermore, we proof that the space S_{w}^{α}(ℝ^{d}) is translation and character invaryant and also these operators are continuous. Finally, we discuss inclusion properties of these spaces.
Sonlu Elemanlar Metodu Kullanarak Farklı Yol Modellerinin Oturmaya Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇİÇEK Elif
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada, farklı yol tiplerinin oturma davranışı üzerine etkisi sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Analizlerde aynı temel ve alt temel tabakaları üstüne inşa edilen farklı yol kaplama cinsleri için analiz modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Maksimum büyüklükleri aynı değerde olan statik ve dinamik yüklerde oluşabilecek oturma değerleri için iki boyutlu hesaplamalar yapılmıştır. Farklı tekerlek aralıkları (15, 30, 60 ve 120cm) için statik ve dinamik yükler altında oluşan asfalt ve beton yol tiplerindeki oturma davranışları incelenmiştir. İlk olarak asfalt yol kaplamasında analizler yürütülmüştür. Daha sonra ise beton yol ve yarısı beton yol olup kaplamanın diğer üst yarısının asfalt kaplama olma durumları için analiz sonuçları karşılaştırılmış ve farklılıklar yorumlanmıştır. Böylece hem tekerlek aralığı, yükleme tipi ve kaplama cinslerinin kara yolunda meydana getirebileceği oturma davranışları nümerik bir çalışma ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Oral misoprostol solution in comparison to vaginal misoprostol for induction of labour in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abbas Ahmed M. , Thabet Peter R. , Gamrah Amgad E. Abour , El-Kady Osama S.
Published: August 2020

Background: With more than 15% of all gravid women requiring prostaglandins in cervical ripening and labour induction. However, evidence is not clear about the preferred route or dose of the drug. So, this study was designed with objectives to compare the induction delivery interval and safety of titrated oral misoprostol solution with vaginal misoprostol for labour induction in term primigravida women.Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on a total of 100 patients randomly selected among primigravida at term women undergoing induction of labour for obstetric or medical indication for labour induction in Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. They were divided into two Groups: Group I: patients undergoing induction of labour using misoprostol oral solution and Group II: patients undergoing induction of labour using vaginal misoprostol.Results: Oral misoprostol solution has less induction delivery duration and less side effects than vaginal misoprostol. The induction-delivery time with the oral route compared to the vaginal one (15.2 versus 20.3 hours respectively) with significant p-value (<0.001).Conclusions: Titrated oral misoprostol is safe and effective for labour induction in primigravida patients with unfavorable cervix.
Recurrent miscarriage in North Indian population: a study of association of polymorphisms in genes coding for the natural killer: cell receptor natural killer group 2, member D and its ligand MHC class I chain-related protein A
Authors: Rawool Anup , Gupta Satyaprakash , Singh Bharti , Phadke Shubha R , Saxena Deepti , Mandal Kausik
Published: August 2020

Background: The objective of this present study was to investigate the possible association of natural killer group (NKG) receptors gene polymorphisms and MHC class I chain-related protein A (MICA) gene polymorphism with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).Methods: Three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in NKG2D gene (rs2255336, rs2617160 and rs2617170) and one SNP in MICA gene (MICA129) rs1051792 were assessed in 100 controls and 100 patients employing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and agarose gel electrophoresis.Results: NKG2D (rs2617160) and MICA 129 (rs1051792) variants are associated with RSA risk in North Indian women.Conclusions: The NKG2D and MICA129 gene polymorphisms may influence the success of pregnancy in North Indian women population.
Role of urodynamics in evaluation of lower urinary tract dysfunction in women of pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Khatik Neha , Biswas Ratna
Published: August 2020

Background: Utero-vaginal prolapse is a common gynecological disorder, result from weakness of musculoskeletal structure that support the pelvic organ. Although it is not an emergency situation but severely affect the quality of life. Women with utero-vaginal prolapse may present with lower urinary tract dysfunction but association of urological changes with UV prolapse and beneficial effect of surgery on these changes is still debatable. Urodynamic study such as cystometry and uroflowmetry help in better understanding of lower urinary tract dysfunction and assist to plan appropriate surgical management thereby reduce chances of postoperative voiding dysfunction.Methods: A total of 30 women of pelvic organ prolapse with lower urinary tract dysfunction, over a period of one year, were subjected to urodynamic studies after thorough evaluation by history, examination and standardized questionnaire both pre and post operatively and data analysed.Results: In present study, urodynamic study identified urinary dysfunction in 93.34% of women recruited in study. Obstruction was present in 36.67% of women. Detrusor overactivity along with obstruction was seen in 20.00% of women. Urodynamic stress incontinence and urodynamic stress incontinence along with obstruction was identified in 13.33% of women each and detrusor overactivity was observed in 10.00% of women.Conclusions: In present study it was found that, if surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse is planned according to urodynamic study, it will improve urologic profile of patients. To conclude that urodynamic study should be an integral part of diagnostic work up of uterovaginal prolapse patients require larger sample size and at least 6 months follow-up duration after surgery.
Maternal mortality assessment in a tertiary care hospital in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Urvashi Barman , Jain Shakti , Srivastava Yashi , Gupta Manisha , Dayal Meena
Published: August 2020

Background: Objective of this study was to calculate the maternal mortality rate in our hospital and to assess the epidemiological aspects and causes of maternal mortality to further analyse ways to reduce the maternal mortality rate (MMR).Methods: This was a retrospective analytical study done in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, MLN Medical College and District Women Hospital, Prayagraj over a time period of 10 years i.e., October 2009 to October 2019. Retrospective analysis and evaluation of the medical records and statistics was done to find out and collect specific causes of maternal deaths in the give time period.Results: There were 357 maternal deaths from October 2009 to October 2019. Maternal mortality rate in the study was calculated to be 498.42 per 1 lakh live births. Maximum deaths were in 21-30 years age group with multipara, unbooked and illiterate cases. Majority of the deaths reported were from direct causes of maternal mortality i.e., hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders and sepsis.Conclusions: In the selected hospitals, the mean maternal mortality rate in the study period was 498.42/100000 births. 71.4% had direct cause and 21.56% had indirect cause of maternal mortality several factors like regular antenatal visits, early identification of high-risk cases, timely referral, institutional deliveries, adequate post-partum care and follow-up can contribute to decrease the maternal mortality rate effectively.
A ruptured cornual pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Ennasser Hind , Raoudi Jamal Eddine , Taheri Hafsa , Saadi Hanane , Mimouni Ahmed
Published: August 2020

A cornual gestation is a rare form of ectopic gestations accounting for 2-4% of all tubal pregnancies with a high rate of mortality among to 2%-2.5%. A 25 years old woman prima gravida was presented to the obstetrical emergency department with 8 weeks amenorrhea, lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. A clinical diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was made and confirmed using Ultrasonography and serum beta-hCG test. On laparotomy exploration authors found a left cornual ruptured ectopic pregnancy then authors made a left cornual resection with left salpingectomy. There were no postoperative complications.
Incidental finding of thoracic outlet syndrome in a case of right tubal ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Chavan Niranjan , Mahapatra Shalini , Ruhil Meenakshi , Mohokar Shweta
Published: August 2020

A 30-year-old woman, (multigravida) suffering from lower abdominal pain and slight vaginal bleeding was transferred to our hospital. She came with a pelvic ultrasound report. The provisional diagnosis of right tubal ectopic pregnancy was made. A laparotomy was carried out. Intraoperatively, blood pressure in both the arms were taken which revealed different blood pressure in different arms. A diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome was made. No postoperative complications were observed.
Foreign body in vagina: a cause of persistent vaginal discharge in a prepubescent child
Authors: Chidambaram Vidhya C. , P. Pallavee
Published: August 2020

Vaginal discharge in prepubertal children is mainly due to hypoestrogenic state of vaginal mucosa making it thin and alkaline leading to mucosal invasion by pathogen. In paediatric case persistent foul smelling, blood stained discharge not responding to medical therapy should arouse suspicion of foreign body. Authors report an interesting case of 2 years old child who presented with persistent vaginal discharge and was found to have a retained foreign body in the vaginaneonatal resuscitation in preeclampsia. Acute fetal distress in labour or neonatal nursery admission could not be predicted.
Evaluation of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 as a diagnostic marker for pancreatic malignancy
Authors: Ullah A.K.M. Ahsan , Ahmed S. M. Ferdous , Chowdhury A. S. M. Lokman Hossain , Mohammed Saad , Haque M. Mozammel , Rana Abunur M. Masud
Published: August 2020

Background: Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 is considered as a tumor marker in biliary-pancreatic malignancy. Though a high level may indicate the presence of a malignant disorder, it may rise even in benign condition. Similarly, the value may be normal even in malignant condition.Methods: An observational comparative study was conducted in the Department of Surgery of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from 01 June 2016 to 31 May 2017 to find out the sensitivity and specificity of CA 19-9 as a tumor marker in pancreatic malignancy in our perspective and to find out a cut-off value of CA 19-9 which might prove as a definitive indication of pancreatic malignancy.Results: The study shows when the cut off value of CA 19-9 is 37 U/ml. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were 77.8%, for all four characteristics respectively. But if the serum CA 19-9 threshold used to diagnose pancreatic cancer was raised to 100 and 120, sensitivity decreased to 72.2% and 66.7% and NPV decreased to 76.2% and 73.9% respectively. However, specificity increased to 88.9% and 94.4% and PPV increased to 86.7% and 92.3% respectively.Conclusions: Serum CA 19-9 level may be considered as an important determinant in the diagnosis of malignant pancreatic diseases and to assess the resectability of the lesions preoperatively, but other adjuncts are necessary in the overall management of pancreatic diseases.
Postoperative fever in patients undergoing elective surgeries-etiology, investigations, management: a longitudinal study
Authors: Sarkar Shreya , Gedam Bapuji Shravan
Published: August 2020

Background: Fever is rise in core body temperature above normal diurnal variations. Surgical procedures often disturb normal physiological process and one such manifestation is rise in body temperature. Present study was conducted to study the etiology of post-operative fever, correlation of etiology of fever with post-operative day of onset of fever and to study the investigations of postoperative fever.Methods: This study was conducted over a period of 24 months from 1st November 2017 to 31st October 2019 at Department of Surgery at a tertiary care hospital. A total of 339 patients were enrolled. Data analysis done using descriptive statistics and continuous variables were analyzed using Chi square test.Results: Out of 339 patients of post-operative fever, 207 patients (61%) were in age group of >20-50 years. Mean age was 44.56 years. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Maximum incidence of fever were seen after spinal anesthesia. It was observed that the incidence increases as the operative time increases. Incidence were more during months of summer. Around 88.49% developed pyrexia within 48 hours of surgery where no detectable infection was noted. Rest 11.5% had fever after 48 hours of surgery where the causes were UTI (7.4 %), superficial thrombophlebitis (6.8%) or SSI (4.7%). None developed chest infections or DVT.Conclusions: Fever in postoperative period is common in elective clean surgical procedures, likely due to surgical trauma in the first 2 days and patients should be closely monitored. Fever after 48 hours should be investigated for the cause and treated accordingly.
Role of PANC-3 score to predict severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Meena Sunil Kumar , Koslia Arvind Kumar , Thakur Anmol
Published: August 2020

Background: Acute pancreatitis is the most terrible of all the calamities that occur in connection with the abdominal viscera. Prediction of severity is an essential step in the management of acute pancreatitis. 50% of mortality can be reduced to 8% by its early recognition. PANC-3 score is widely available test that can be performed quickly, easy to measure with high accuracy in predicting acute pancreatitis.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of general surgery, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital over 50 patients admitted with acute pancreatitis. After making the clinical diagnosis, PANC -3 score, modified ATLANTA score, APACHE II were done. CRP and CTSI (computed tomography sensitivity index) were calculated and correlated.Results: Mean age was 44.74 years and most common cause was biliary tract pathology. Mortality observed in 5 patients, 11 patients had severe disease. Sensitivity of PANC- 3 was 81.82%, specificity -92.31% with 75% PPV and 94.7% NPV.Conclusions: PANC-3 can be used to predict the severity of pancreatitis as efficiently as Modified ATLANTA classification/APACHE II. It uses only three criteria which are easily done, and available in the basic health care setup. Its interpretation does not need expertise and can be applied at the time of admission which is an advantage when compared to classical scoring systems.
Management of prostatic abscess, our experience over 5 year
Authors: Paul Sanjay Lakshminarayan , Rajput Manharsinh , Deka P. M. , Sarma Priyanku Pratik
Published: August 2020

Background: The objective of our study was to perform retrospective analysis of management of prostatic abscess in a tertiary care hospital in northeast India.Methods: This was a single tertiary care hospital based retrospective analysis of management of 24 patients diagnosed with prostatic abscess, between January 2015 and January 2020. Diagnosis of prostatic abscess was confirmed by trans-rectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and/or computed tomography (CT) scan/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prostate. Various treatment modalities used in our study were conservative, transurethral resection of prostatic abscess (TURP), TRUS-guided trans-rectal drainage/aspiration, trans-urethral drainage (TUD) + trans-urethral incision (TUI).Results: On analysing 24 patients diagnosed with prostatic abscess, mean age was 46.12 years (range, 17 to 73 years), the mean prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 17.3 ng/ml (range, 2 to 40.0 ng/ml), mean prostatic abscess volume was 33 cubic mm (range, 10 to 75 gm). All patients were hospitalised, on admission all patients were started on intravenous antibiotics (3rd-generation cephalosporin along with an amino-glycoside) or antibiotics as per urine culture report. Diabetes mellitus was most common associated co-morbidity present in almost 50% of patients. Patients presented with dysuria (75%), urinary retention (29%) fever (25%) and perineal pain. Cases were managed by surgical approach after failure of conservative management.Conclusions: Early surgical intervention for prostatic abscess reduces morbidity and mortality associated with it. TRUS guided drainage can be performed under local anaesthesia, are better suited for small localised abscess but associated with increase hospital stay. Trans-urethral drainage are better suited for elderly patient with large prostate volume.
Cadaveric study of portal and hepatic venous anatomy with special reference to territory of middle hepatic vein
Authors: Nand Brahma , Rai Arvind
Published: August 2020

Background: Liver transplantation has become the standard therapy for end-stage chronic liver disease and acute hepatic failure. The shortage of cadaveric donor organs deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) has led to the development of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). In LDLT the concept is based on the potential regenerative power of the human liver.Methods: This was an observational study done in department of surgery, Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal on 50 cadaveric liver specimens and dissection was carried out in department of Anatomy from March 2018 to February 2019.Results: In this study 50% of the specimens had all the three hepatic veins, while the remaining 50% had two hepatic veins: the right and left. The presence of one or more right accessory hepatic veins draining the right lobe was observed in all the cases. In most of the livers the LHV and MHV formed a common trunk, which joined the IVC (76.0%). In some cases, they drained independently into IVC (18%). In the present study of 38 adult cadaveric livers, termination of PV was observed as extra hepatic in 89.47 livers, Intrahepatic in 2.63% and at the capsule in 7.89% livers.Conclusions: There are three main hepatic veins: RHV, MHV and LHV. In this study 50% of the specimens had all the three hepatic veins, while the remaining 50% had two hepatic veins: the right and left. Thus significant variation was seen and it could definitely be helpful to hepatobilliary surgery and in liver transplant.
Excision of a giant pseudo-pancreatic cyst masquerading as ascites in young patient: a case report
Authors: Nelson Thirugnanasambandam , Vargheese Saji , Patra Satya Ranjan , Saha Arnab
Published: August 2020

Pancreatic pseudocysts are diagnosed more frequently due to increased usage of imaging techniques. A pseudocyst with diameter of 10 cm is defined as giant cyst. Larger and symptomatic pseudocysts require intervention while cysts upto 6 cm can be managed conservatively. A 16 year old young patient presented with abdominal pain, progressive abdominal distension, and breathlessness for 15 days. On examination, patient had tense distended abdomen with gross ascites. His vitals showed tachycardia, hypotension and tachypnea. After resuscitation, ultrasound showed gross ascites with moving echoes and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen showed similar findings. Patient underwent multiple therapeutic tapping of ascitic fluid but no significant improvement. Diagnostic laparoscopy showed giant pseudo pancreatic cyst extending from diaphragm to the pelvis with necrotic material. Patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, drainage of necrotic material with excision of giant pseudocyst and roux-en-y pancreaticojejunostomy. Post operatively patient had an uneventful recovery. Giant pancreatic pseudocysts are unusual and early management is required. Some experts considered external drainage is safer than cystogastrostomy. We suggest early diagnosis and surgical excision is feasible for a giant pancreatic pseudocyst. However, endoscopic drainage can be considered in some instances.
Rare cause of foreign body in urinary bladder
Authors: Gokhroo Sunil
Published: August 2020

Foreign body in urinary bladder is not an uncommon entity. Mostly it happens due to iatrogenic reasons or for sexual gratification. Here we are reporting a common foreign body in urinary bladder with a rare cause which is not reported in literature earlier. A 50-year-old married man referred from village with history of inserting electric wire in urethra and X-ray pelvis showing coiled metallic foreign body in the bladder region. There was dysuria, burning and sometimes hematuria. All other investigations were normal. On examination his both groins and perianal region were involved with Tinea cruris. Patient told that he had intense itching which was not benefitted by skin treatment. He himself started doing some manipulation in urethra with a piece of wire to get some relief in itching. The metallic wire was removed by cystoscopy under spinal anaesthesia and C-arm guidance. Post-operative course was uneventful, and patient was sent to dermatologist for treatment of Tinea cruris. After 1 month there were no urinary symptoms and patient had improvement in Tinea symptoms. We recommend that whenever anyone comes across a case of foreign body in urinary bladder, detailed history should be taken, and local examination should be done to find any organic cause for the same and treated to prevent recurrence and stigma to the patient.
Management of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections in India: are we equipped to meet the challenges of the growing menace of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?
Authors: Mahakalkar Chandrashekhar , Padhye Devdatt , Nandagawali Vishal R. , Takale Shekhar , Ahdal Jaishid , Jain Rishi
Published: August 2020

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium that colonizes the skin and nasal passages of humans. The incidence of invasive S. aureus infections has increased over the past decades and is associated with poor outcomes and high mortality rates. S. aureus is responsible for almost one-third of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accounting for a large proportion of these. The S. aureus strains prevalent inIndia are more aggressive and there are recent reports of the emergence of the more virulent multidrug resistant lineages ST2371 and ST8. Management of these infections is complicated by the fact that antimicrobial stewardship is non-existent, the choice of treatment is often empirical and available treatment options are limited due to a high prevalence of resistance strains. Currently available anti-MRSA agents include vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, daptomycin, tigecycline, and clindamycin. However, the emergence of resistant strains and several undesirable features related to the safety and tolerability of these agents have limited the options available for the management of MRSA infections. A newer, safe and efficacious antibiotic is thus an unmet need for the management of MRSA in patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. In this review we explore the current and future trends in the management of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections highlighting the challenges in their management in India, and current progress in the development of some novel drugs for the management of MRSA infections.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice about plagiarism among dental interns and postgraduate dental students in Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzahrani Muaath Salem , Ingle Navin Anand , Assery Mansour K.
Published: August 2020

Background: Student’s involvements in research activities are becoming more and more common in the current academic scenario. Both undergraduate and postgraduate are given responsibility to involve in the research activities from beginning of their student academic year. Though many universities are involving students in these activities as part of their curricular activities, training of the students to be done appropriately in such a way that every part of the research activities including research or scientific misconduct to be well informed and discussed.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of 200 dental interns and postgraduate dental students in Riyadh Elm University. Validated questionnaire was utilised which had four sections as follows: (a) demographics (b) nine questions related to knowledge of plagiarism (c) twelve questions related to positive attitude toward plagiarism and; seven questions related to negative attitude toward plagiarism; and (d) eight questions related to practice of committing plagiarism. Data was analysed using the SPSS IBM software version 23.Results: Although majority (82.6%) have heard about plagiarism, only 50.6% were familiar with instances and 45.3% were familiar with penalty of plagiarism. There is a statistically significant association between all positive attitude items and education level (p<0.05) except one. Interns showed more positive attitude and less negative attitude as compared to postgraduates.Conclusions: Though the study shows some relevant and basic knowledge among the subjects of the study, in-depth of the topic is required for the subjects so that they publish with the great pride.
Health and wellbeing of adolescent girls in a hilly district of Himachal Pradesh: a cross sectional study using low cost interventions
Authors: Jindal Nidhi , Jindal Nipun , Badrel Ajay
Published: August 2020

Background: Adolescence is a phase when major physical, psychological, emotional and psychosocial changes take place and it is imperative to meet the unmet needs of this age group especially the girls for optimizing their future contribution during adulthood. The objective of this study was to assess the indicators of the well being and health of school going adolescent girls in District Shimla of Himachal Pradesh and evaluating the effectiveness of a local developed questionnaire for assessment.Methods: A symptomatology based questionnaire was employed for screening the adolescent girls for anaemia, calcium and vitamin D deficiency, worm infestation, menstrual problems, reproductive tract problems and BMI was used for their overall nourishment status. The questionnaire was administered by trained health care workers.Results: The prevalence of anaemia came out to be 21.54% while 12.37% and 7.51% girls had signs of calcium deficiency and worm infestation respectively. 9.38% girls had menstrual problems while 1.9% had sexual health problems. 15.32% girls came out to be malnourished in the survey.Conclusions: Appropriate interventions need to be formulated properly taking into consideration the problem statements and executed well for improvement of health concerns of adolescent girls. If the resources are constrained, low cost interventions can be deployed locally in the communities depending upon the problems encountered to achieve optimum results.
Socio-demographic and morbidity pattern of geriatric population in rural area of Puducherry: a community based cross sectional study
Authors: Gnanasabai Gnanamani , Kumar Mohan , Boovaragasamy Chithra , Rahman Mujibur
Published: August 2020

Background: Ageing leads to lower effectiveness of physiological functions accompanied by increase in risk factors for various diseases and on the other hand, the burden of their health problems in on rise. Understanding the morbidity pattern and social determinants of the elderly pave a way to plan and supplement health programs that are need based and locally acceptable. Objective was to assess the socio-demographic determinants and the morbidity pattern among geriatric population of rural Puducherry.Methods: A community based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among the geriatric population residing in selected areas of rural Puducherry. Interviews using semi-structured pretested proforma were conducted for capturing information on socio-demographic variables and morbidity patterns.Results: Around 71.69% receive social assistance in any form. The most common morbidities present among the study participants were arthritis (31.35%), hypertension (22.66%) and diabetes mellitus (16.59%).Conclusions: There are considerable health problems due to old age among elderly, so regular screening required early in life for ensuring healthy ageing.
Cost analysis of rabies prophylaxis in India
Authors: P. Sujitha , B. Swetha N. , S. Gopalakrishnan
Published: August 2020

Background: Rabies, a viral zoonotic disease is the 10th biggest cause of death due to infectious disease worldwide. This study was conducted to analyse the cost of post exposure prophylaxis and to compare the cost of post exposure prophylaxis with assumed cost of pre exposure prophylaxis.Methods: Current index of medical stores (CIMS), and online literature were used to review the prices of anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) in market. Cost for different categories was compared for 60kg person. Percentage cost variation was calculated to find the cost variation among ARV brands.Results: The cost of post exposure vaccination as per Essen regimen was approximately Rs.2000 and including immunoglobulin for category 3, added up to Rs. 22,894 for a 60 kg person. This was compared with cost of pre exposure prophylaxis which was found to be Rs. 1050-1200. It was found that PrEP was 20 times lesser than the cost of PEP.Conclusions: We infer that pre exposure prophylaxis is a cost effective strategy which can aid in the control and elimination of rabies in endemic countries. Health education activities should be intensified towards pre exposure vaccination among pet owners, in areas with high population of dogs and also in vulnerable group.
Combating non-communicable diseases in rural Lucknow: Are the skills and knowledge of female health workers adequate?
Authors: Saini Arunima , Agarwal Monika
Published: August 2020

Background: India is facing the surging trend of non-communicable diseases (NCD). Forecasting the burden for NCDs, the Government of India (GOI) initiated a program in 2010 across the country, i.e., National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke. The GOI has envisaged the female health workers (FHW) for the last mile delivery of health services under the programme. Available literature shows that FHWs lack essential knowledge regarding chronic diseases. This study attempts to fill these gaps by studying knowledge and skills regarding NCDs among FHWs in rural Lucknow. Objectives were to explore the knowledge about NCDs among ASHAs and ANMs in rural Lucknow and to assess of skills related to NCD screening among ANMs in rural Lucknow.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted among FHWs of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh from June 2019 to August 2019.Results: Among the FHWs, knowledge about NCDs was found to be higher for those with the age more than 40 years, with the education of higher secondary and above and also amongst those who had received previous training for NCDs.Conclusions: Majority of the respondents were found to have poor knowledge regarding NCDs. Additionally, older age, training and higher education are found to be associated with good knowledge; there is a need of training of grass root level workers for them to correctly identify the symptoms and risk factors of various NCDs.
Basic life support: a cross-sectional study of knowledge in undergraduate medical students of Maharashtra
Authors: Kawale Suchita Narayan , Shinde Manjusha A. , Shinde Prashant Satawaji
Published: August 2020

Background: Basic life support (BLS) is defined as medical procedures and skills that can be utilized in case of emergency to save lives. Objective was to study the knowledge of basic life support in undergraduate medical students of Maharashtra.Methods: A cross-sectional study on undergraduate medical students from first to final year MBBS in July 2018 in the Community Medicine department, Government medical college, Maharashtra.Results: Out of the total 300 students, 59.34% were females and 40.66% were males. 42% were from first MBBS, 38% from second and 20% from final MBBS. While 67% had previous training of BLS and 38% had performed CPR before. (91%) knew abbreviation of BLS (32%) students could identify location for chest compression in adults, (31%) knew the compression rate and (19%) knew about rescue breathing in infants. While (30%) and (21%) had the knowledge on depth of chest compression in adults and infants respectively. However, only (31%) and (29%) knew that the recommended chest compression to ventilation ratio in adult and infants respectively.Conclusions: The study highlights that majority of students were lacking the knowledge of basic life support. It is the need of the hour to provide BLS training to all the medical students.
Tobacco chewing habits and barriers in cessation among tobacco users: a survey from Western Rajasthan, India
Authors: . Pooja , Nebhinani Mamta , Rani Raj
Published: August 2020

Background: Tobacco chewing is a considerable public health concern leading to high mortality rates. In India, about 28.6% of the population consume one or another form of tobacco. Tobacco cessation is a very challenging process usually surrounded by various factors.  The current work intended to assess tobacco chewing habits and barriers in cessation of tobacco chewing among tobacco users.Methods: This study was conducted among conveniently selected 101 tobacco chewers residing at Pratap Nagar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Data were collected through face to face interview by using self-structured barrier in tobacco cessation rating scale. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Nearly 34% of tobacco users were chewing tobacco since 10-20 years. 68% of subjects consumed tobacco ≥5 times a day. All tobacco users tried to quit tobacco chewing at one or other point of time in life but quitting attempts were unsuccessful. Environmental barriers were more evident as compare to other barriers. Levels of barrier were found to have significant association with estimated amount of tobacco consumption per day number of attempts taken to quit tobacco chewing and history of smoking (p level <0.10).Conclusions: Tobacco remains preventable cause of mortality and morbidity in India. Despites of multiple attempts to quit tobacco chewing, most of tobacco users were not successful because of various barriers. There is need to have deep thoughtful deliberations on this concern. More visible and stringent awareness campaigns can be planned and implemented.
Make life easy through telemedicine in COVID-19 crisis: an Indian perspective
Authors: Basu Anindansu , Das Parijat
Published: August 2020

On 11th of March, 2020, the WHO declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic. Globally, as of 14 June 2020, estimated 7,690,708 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 427,630 deaths, reported by WHO. Several countries including India now are under ‘ lockdown’ (restrictive travels or activities in a community while permitting vital organizations to function) to limit spread of this virus. A consequence of this lockdown poses restrictions in routine workflow for any healthcare settings. Despite the uncertain circumstances, we have to consider the fact that other disease related services shall not stall in the face of a pandemic.
O LEGADO DE HELENA ANTIPOFF: A PSICOLOGIA APLICADA À EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Gebrim Virginia Sales
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho tem por objetivo desvelar e analisar a concepção de psicologia da educação de Helena Antipoff (1892-1970). Para isto, pretende-se investigar os trabalhos e pesquisas desenvolvidas pela psicóloga russa na Escola de Aperfeiçoamento em Belo Horizonte, nas décadas de 1920 e 1930. Baseada na proposta de educação funcional, Antipoff, por intermédio dos conhecimentos adquiridos na Rússia, em Paris e como assistente de Claparède no Instituto Jean Jacques Rousseau em Genebra, atuou na educação escolar tendo a psicologia como o principal fundamento, contribuindo, sobretudo, para o desenvolvimento da Psicologia da Educação no Brasil.
NIDO Y PICHONES DEL ZAMARRITO CANOSO Haplophaedia lugens (APODIFORMES: TROCHILIDAE) EN CARCHI, ECUADOR
Authors: Valencia Daniel , Cadena-Ortiz Héctor
Published: August 2020

El Zamarrito canoso Haplophaedia lugens está distribuido en Ecuador y Colombia, donde es raro, localista y evaluado como Casi Amenazado. Detallamos observaciones a un nido con dos pichones de este colibrí, en Cerro Golondrinas, Carchi, en mayo de 2019.
Produksi Serasah Musiman pada Berbagai Spesies Mangrove di Pesisir Kabupaten Muna Barat, Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Rahman Rahman , Wardiatno Yusli , Yulianda Fredinan , Rusmana Iman
Published: August 2020

Mangrove litter production is important in the displacement of organic matter from mangrove vegetation to water such as in the coast of West Muna Regency. However, one factor influencing it is the frequency of rainfall. This research, therefore, aims to determine the influence of the frequency of rainfall in mangrove ecosystem by obtaining data through the fractional wet weight. The results showed that the biomass fraction with the largest amount were Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, and Sonneratia alba with of 31.59; 31.07; and 30.96%, respectively, while the lowest was Rhizophora stylosa, Bruguiera cylindrica, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza with of 30.07; 30.10; and 31.95%, respectively. The species with the largest leaf litter production was Bruguiera cylindrica, with of 1.72 g.m-2.day-1 which occurred in April and the lowest was Rhizophora apiculata, 0.24 g.m-2.day-1 in August. The species with the largest leaf litter production was Bruguiera cylindrica, 1.96 g.m-2.day-1 which occurred in May and the lowest was Sonneratia alba, 0.29 g.m-2.day-1 in August. In addition, the species with the largest fruit litter production was Rhizophora apiculata, 1.76 g.m-2.day-1 in April and the lowest was Sonneratia alba, 0.32 g.m-2.day-1 in September. The total litter production was 18,75 g.m-2.day-1 consisted of 6,69 g.m2.day-1 leaf litter, 6,54 g.m-2.day-1 branch litter, and 5,52 g.m-2.day-1 fruit litter. The higher the frequency of the rain, the greater the litter production.

 

Keywords: biomass fraction, seasonal litter production, West Muna Regency
Optimasi Suhu dan Waktu Deasetilasi Kitin Berbasis Selongsong Maggot (Hermetia ilucens) Menjadi Kitosan
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Selvina Ranti , Fauziyah Ridha , Prakoso Haryo Tejo , Priyono Priyono , Siswanto Siswanto
Published: August 2020

As Black Soldier Fly farming has become an emerging trend in Indonesia there is a new opportunity to take advantage from the waste generated from the activity. One of them is the exuviae, which is resulted from the emergence of the fly and it has a high chitin content. Chitin from BSF exuviae have low Cristalinity Indexes. Hence, it shows a promising potential to be processed to produce a new biopolimer. Therefore, converting chitin from BSF exuviae into chitosan using deacetylation process was studied. The researched variables were temperature and the duration of the process, which were studied at 50, 60, 70, and 80°C for 12 hours and 8, 10, 12, and 14 hours at 60°C, respectively. Chitosan produced in the temperature of 60, 70, and 80°C has met the standard quality, and the best duration of deacetylation process was 8 hours. The solubility test in acetic acid (2%) showed that chitosan solubility was increased with the increase of temperature, while it decreased as the duration of the process becomes longer. Moreover, the degree of deacetylation showed that chitosan was produced with the best quality in 80°C of temperature (75.98%) and 8 hours of deacetylation process (71.12%).   Keywords: chitosan, degrees of deacetylation, exuviae of black soldier fly
Analisis Morfofisiologi, Anatomi, dan Histokimia pada Lima Spesies Tanaman Gulma sebagai Respons terhadap Merkuri dan Timbal
Authors: Raharja Rani Apriyani , Hamim Hamim , Sulistyaningsih Yohana Caecilia , Triadiati Triadiati
Published: August 2020

Plants can be used as phytoremediation agents to improve critical land due to gold mining activities. This experiment aimed to analyze the morphophysiological, anatomical, and histochemical responses of Brachiaria mutica, Cyperus kyllingia, Ipomea aquatica, Mikania micrantha, and Paspalum conjugatum in response to the application of heavy metals mercury and lead in the forms of Hg(NO3)2 and Pb(NO3)2 in hydroponic experiments and to determine the ability of these plants to accumulate both metals. Morphological responses were observed by measuring number of leaves and plant dry weight, and physiological responses were observed by analyzing photosynthetic pigments, while anatomical and histochemical responses were analyzed by microscopic observation to tranversal slice of roots and leaves. The results showed that the applications of Hg(NO3)2 and Pb(NO3)2 treatments caused decreases in number of leaves, plant dry weights, and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid). The treatments also decreased leaf thickness due to the decrease in the epidermis, but they caused the increases in exodermis and endodermis of the roots. Mercury and lead were accumulated in large amounts in the roots, but accumulation in the shoot was less. Histochemical observation showed that lead was found in the roots of all the plants, especially in endodermic tissue and the vessel, whereas in the leaves the two metals were detected in the upper and lower epidermis, mesophyll, and vessel. Among the five species tested, C. kyllingia and P. conjugatum were the most tolerant to Pb and Hg.
Analysis of genetic relationships of genotypes of the genus Rosa L. from the collection of Nikita Botanical Gardens using ISSR and IRAP DNA markers
Authors: Suprun I. I. , Plugatar S. A. , Stepanov I. V. , Naumenko T. S.
Published: August 2020

In connection with the development of breeding and the creation of new plant varieties, the problem of their genotyping and identification is becoming increasingly important, therefore the use of molecular methods to identify genetic originality and assess plant genetic diversity appears to be relevant. As part of the work performed, informative ISSR and IRAP DNA markers promising for the study of genetic diversity of the Rosa L. genus were sought and applied to analysis of genetic relationships among 26 accessions of the genus Rosa L. from the gene pool collection of Nikita Botanical Gardens. They included 18 cultivated varieties and 8 accessions of wild species. The species sample included representatives of two subgenera, Rosa and Platyrhodon. The subgenus Platyrhodon was represented by one accession of the species R. roxburghii Tratt. Cultivated roses were represented by varieties of garden groups hybrid tea, floribunda, and grandiflora. The tested markers included 32 ISSRs and 13 IRAPs. Five ISSR markers (UBC 824, ASSR29, 3A21, UBC 864, and UBC 843) and three IRAPs (TDK 2R, Сass1, and Сass2) were chosen as the most promising. They were used for genotyping the studied sample of genotypes. In general, they appeared to be suitable for further use in studying the genetic diversity of the genus Rosa L. The numbers of polymorphic fragments ranged from 12 to 31, averaging 19.25 fragments per marker. For markers UBC 864 and UBC 843, unique fingerprints were identified in each accession studied. The genetic relationships of the studied species and varieties of roses analyzed by the UPGMA, PCoA, and Bayesian methods performed on the basis of IRAP and ISSR genotyping are consistent with their taxonomic positions. The genotype of the species R. roxburghii of the subgenus Platyrhodon was determined genetically as the most distant. According to clustering methods, the representative of the species R. bengalensis did not stand out from the group of cultivated varieties. When assessing the level of genetic similarity among the cultivated varieties of garden roses, the most genetically isolated varieties were ‘Flamingo’, ‘Queen Elizabeth’, and ‘Kordes Sondermeldung’; for most of the other varieties, groups of the greatest genetic similarity were identified. This assessment reflects general trends in phylogenetic relationships, both among the studied species of the genus and among cultivated varieties.
ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЙ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В КОМПОНЕНТАХ МАЛОЙ РЕКИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОСУШИТЕЛЬНОЙ МЕЛИОРАЦИИ)
Authors: Зубарев Виталий Александрович
Published: August 2020

Актуальность исследованиязаключается в необходимости оценки таких природныхкомпонентов малой реки,как донные отложения и водные растения, которые способны аккумулировать различные поллютанты, поступающие с территории водосбора, и могут служить индикатором экологического состояния загрязнения воды в реке. Цель:анализ изменения концентраций тяжелых металлов в компонентах малой реки (на примере осушительной мелиорации). Объекты:поверхностные воды, донные отложения и водные растения, подверженные влиянию осушительной мелиорации. Методы:фильтрация проб воды через мембранные фильтры с диаметром пор 0,45 мкм для раздельного определения растворенной и взвешенной форм тяжелых металлов. Отбор проб донных отложений штанговым дночерпателем Гр-91 на глубине 25 см от поверхности залегания. Кислотное разложение проб донных отложений и растительности в микроволновой системе «Mars-6», измельчение в планетарной мельнице «Pulverisette 6», определение тяжелых металлов методом атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии на спектрометре «Solaar 6M». Результаты.Под влиянием осушения в поверхностных водах происходит увеличение концентраций растворенных и взвешенных форм тяжелых металлов, в особенности Fe и Pb, превышающих значения предельно-допустимых концентраций в 3 раза. В донных отложениях происходит накопление тяжелых металлов в 1,5–2 раза выше по отношению к верхнему течению реки, однако при изменении химических и гидрологических параметров среды металлыпереходят опять в водоток, являясь источником вторичного загрязнения. Наиболее интенсивные процессы осаждения рассчитаны для Fe (lgКраспр=5,06), Pb (lgКраспр=4,76), а также для Zn (lgКраспр =4,60). Средний характер седиментации прослеживается для Mn и Cu (lgКраспр=3,36). Для Ni коэффициент имеет минимальное значение (lgКраспр=2,82), что говорит об обратных процессах миграции металла из донных отложений в воду. Осушительная мелиорация, меняя гидрохимические и гидрологические характеристики водотоков, приводит к увеличению концентраций тяжелых металлов в макрофитах в 2–3 раза.