bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
УЧАСТИЕ TRPV1 В РЕГУЛЯЦИИ ПРОДУКЦИИ БИКАРБОНАТОВ И КРОВОТОКА В ЖЕЛУДКЕ ПРИ УВЕЛИЧЕНИИ ПОЛОСТНОЙ КИСЛОТНОСТИ, "Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова"
Authors: Золотарев В. А. , Андреева Ю.В. , Вершинина Е.А. , Хропычева Р. П.
Published: November 2018

Целью работы было выяснить, как влияет взаимодействие ванилоидных рецепторов переменного потенциала 1-го типа TRPV1 с эндотелиальной (eNOS) и нейрональной (nNOS) изоформами синтазы оксида азота на секрецию бикарбонатов (HCO) и кровоток в теле желудка на фоне аппликации кислоты на слизистую оболочку желудка (СОЖ). У наркотизированных крыс концентрация HCO3 в полостном перфузате желудка рассчитывалась на основе измеренных значений pH/PCO2, а объемный кровоток в стенке органа регистрировался с помощью лазерной допплеровской флоуметрии. Раздражение СОЖ подкисленным гипертоническим раствором (1 M NaCl, pH 2.0) значительно усиливало секрецию HCO3. Деструкция капсаицин-чувствительных первичных афферентов большими дозами капсаицина устраняла эту реакцию. Блокада TRPV1 не влияла на продукцию HCO и увеличение кровотока, вызванные внутрижелудочной аппликацией кислоты. Тем не менее было показано, что TRPV1 активируют eNOS, что приводит к усилению желудочного кровотока и ослаблению транспорта HCO3 на поверхность СОЖ. На активность nNOS, усиливающую продукцию HCO3, TRPV1 влияния не оказывали.
Coprs inactivation leads to a derepression of LINE1 transposons in spermatocytes
Authors: Paul Conception , Delpech Hélène , Haouzi Delphine , Hamamah Samir , Sardet Claude , Fabbrizio Eric
Published: November 2018

Repression of retrotransposons is essential for genome integrity during germ cell development and is tightly controlled through epigenetic mechanisms. In primordial germ cells, protein arginine N‐methyltransferase (Prmt5) is involved in retrotransposon repression by methylating Piwi proteins, which is part of the piRNA pathway. Here, we show that in mice, genetic inactivation of coprs (which is highly expressed in testis and encodes a histone‐binding protein required for the targeting of Prmt5 activity) affects the maturation of spermatogonia to spermatids. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of Miwi in testis protein lysates immunoprecipitated with an anti‐Coprs antibody. The observed deregulation of Miwi and pachytene pre‐piRNAs levels and the derepression of LINE1 repetitive sequences observed in coprs‐/‐ mice suggest that Coprs is implicated in genome surveillance mechanisms.
Engineering Sensor Arrays Using Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens for Pathogen Identification
Authors: Zhou Chengcheng , Xu Wenhan , Zhang Pengbo , Jiang Meijuan , Chen Yuncong , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lee Michelle M. S. , Shan Guogang , Qi Ruilian , Zhou Xin , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Wang Shu , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2018

Lacking rapid and reliable pathogen diagnostic platforms, inadequate or delayed antimicrobial therapy could be made, which greatly threatens human life and accelerates the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant pathogens. In this contribution, a series of simple and reliable sensor arrays based on tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives are successfully developed for detection and discrimination of pathogens. Each sensor array consists of three TPE‐based aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) that bear cationic ammonium group and different hydrophobic substitutions, providing tunable logP (n‐octanol/water partition coefficient) values to enable the different multivalent interactions with pathogens. On the basis of the distinctive fluorescence response produced by the diverse interaction of AIEgens with pathogens, these sensor arrays can identify different kinds of pathogens, even normal and drug‐resistant bacteria, with nearly 100% accuracy. Furthermore, blends of pathogens can also be identified accurately. The sensor arrays exhibit rapid response (about 0.5 h), high‐throughput, and easy‐to‐operate without washing steps.
A Water‐Soluble Cu Complex as Molecular Catalyst for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on Graphene‐Based Electrodes
Authors: Wang Jiong , Gan Liyong , Zhang Qianwen , Reddu Vikas , Peng Yuecheng , Liu Zhichao , Xia Xinghua , Wang Cheng , Wang Xin
Published: November 2018

A structurally simple molecular 1,10‐phenanthroline‐Cu complex on a mesostructured graphene matrix that can be active and selective toward CO2 reduction over H2 evolution in an aqueous solution is reported. The active sites consist of Cu(I) center in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry, which enables the adsorption of CO2 with η1‐COO‐like configuration to commence the catalysis, with a turnover frequency of ≈45 s−1 at −1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Using in situ infrared spectroelectrochemical investigation, it is demonstrated that the Cu complex can be reversibly heterogenized near the graphene surface via potential control. An increase of electron density in the complex is observed as a result of the interaction from the electric field, which further tunes the electron distribution in the neighboring CO2. It is also found that the mesostructure of graphene matrix favored CO2 reduction on the Cu center over hydrogen evolution by limiting mass transport from the bulk solution to the electrode surface.
Well‐Arranged and Confined Incorporation of PdCo Nanoparticles within a Hollow and Porous Metal–Organic Framework for Superior Catalytic Activity
Authors: Choi Sora , Oh Moonhyun
Published: November 2018

A convenient method for the confined incorporation of highly active bimetallic PdCo nanocatalysts within a hollow and porous metal–organic framework (MOF) support is presented. Several chemical conversions occur simultaneously during the one‐step low temperature pyrolysis of well‐designed polystyrene@ZIF‐67/Pd2+ core–shell microspheres, where ZIF (zeolitic imidazolate framework) is a subclass of MOF: the polystyrene core is removed, resulting in a beneficial hollow and porous ZIF support; the ZIF‐67 shell acts as a well‐defined porous support and as a felicitous Co2+ supplier for metal nanoparticle formation; and Pd2+ and Co2+ are reduced to form catalytically active bimetallic PdCo nanoparticles in the well‐defined micropores, inducing the confined growth of PdCo nanoparticles with excellent dispersity.
A Pentacene‐based Nanotube Displaying Enriched Electrochemical and Photochemical Activities
Authors: Kuroda Kiyonori , Yazaki Kohei , Tanaka Yuya , Akita Munetaka , Sakai Hayato , Hasobe Taku , Tkachenko Nikolai V. , Yoshizawa Michito
Published: November 2018

Unlike previously well‐studied, acyclic pentacene oligomers, the first synthesis of a cyclic pentacene trimer with a fixed tubular conformation is reported. A short‐step synthesis starting from common pentacenequinone yielded the target molecule with a 1.5 nanometer length and a subnanometer pore. Steady‐state spectroscopic analyses revealed that the close proximity of the non‐conjugated, three pentacene chromophores allows the nanotube to display stepwise electrochemical/chemical oxidation characteristics. Furthermore, time‐resolved transient absorption measurements elucidated the generation of an excited triplet state of the nanotube, with high quantum yield reaching about 180 % through intramolecular singlet fission and a very long triplet lifetime.
Crystal Engineering: An Outlook for the Future
Authors: Nangia Ashwini K. , Desiraju Gautam R.
Published: November 2018

Crystal Engineering has traditionally dealt with molecular crystals. It is the understanding of intermolecular interactions in the context of crystal packing and in the utilization of such understanding in the design of new solids with desired physical and chemical properties. We outline here five areas which come under the umbrella of Crystal Engineering and where we feel that a proper planning of research efforts could lead to higher dividends for science together with greater returns for humankind. We touch on themes and domains where science funding and translation efforts could be directed in the current climate of a society that increasingly expects applications and utility products from science and technology. The five topics are: 1) pharmaceutical solids; 2) industrial solid state reactions; 3) mechanical properties with practical applications; 4) MOFs and COFs framework solids; 5) new materials for solar energy harvesting and advanced polymers.
Assessing Consumer Engagement in the Water Utility Sector
Authors: Heath Andrew
Published: November 2018

A J.D. Power study exploring residential customers' opinions on quality of service and support highlights challenges and opportunities amid consumers' increasing expectations.
Where We're Headed 20 Years After UV Technology Stunned the Drinking Water Industry
Authors: Malley James P.
Published: November 2018

Since the early 1900s, advancements in the use of ultraviolet light in water treatment have continued to offer promise for even more refined and effective applications.
Cell Seeding on UV‐C‐Treated 3D Polymeric Templates Allows for Cost‐Effective Production of Small‐Caliber Tissue‐Engineered Blood Vessels
Authors: Galbraith Todd , Roy Vincent , Bourget Jean‐Michel , Tsutsumi Tamao , Picard‐Deland Maxime , Morin Jean‐François , Gauvin Robert , Ismail Ashraf A. , Auger François A. , Gros‐Louis François
Published: November 2018

There is a strong clinical need to develop small‐caliber tissue‐engineered blood vessels for arterial bypass surgeries. Such substitutes can be engineered using the self‐assembly approach in which cells produce their own extracellular matrix (ECM), creating a robust vessel without exogenous material. However, this approach is currently limited to the production of flat sheets that need to be further rolled into the final desired tubular shape. In this study, human fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells were seeded directly on UV‐C‐treated cylindrical polyethylene terephthalate glycol‐modified (PETG) mandrels of 4.8 mm diameter. UV‐C treatment induced surface modification, confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, was necessary to ensure proper cellular attachment and optimized ECM secretion/assembly. This novel approach generated solid tubular conduits with high level of cohesion between concentric cellular layers and enhanced cell‐driven circumferential alignment that can be manipulated after 21 days of culture. This simple and cost‐effective mandrel‐seeded approach also allowed for endothelialization of the construct and the production of perfusable trilayered tissue‐engineered blood vessels with a closed lumen. This study lays the foundation for a broad field of possible applications enabling custom‐made reconstructed tissues of specialized shapes using a surface treated 3D structure as a template for tissue engineering.
Accelerated age‐related cortical thinning in mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Santhanam Priya , Wilson Steffanie H. , Oakes Terrence R. , Weaver Lindell K.
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can result in many structural abnormalities in the cerebral cortex. While thinning of the cortex has been shown in mTBI patients, there is high regional variability in reported findings. High‐resolution imaging can elucidate otherwise unnoticed changes in cortical measures following injury. This study examined age‐related patterns of cortical thickness in U.S. active duty service members and veterans with a history of mTBI (n = 66) as compared to a normative population (n = 67).

Methods

Using a fully automated cortical parcellation methodology, cortical thickness measures were extracted from 31 bilateral cortical regions for all participants.

Results

The effect of diagnosis and age on cortical thickness (group × age interaction) was found to be significant (p < 0.05) for many regions, including bilateral parietal and left frontal and temporal cortices. Findings held for a male‐only subset, and there was no effect of time since injury in any regions.

Conclusions

The presence of mTBI appeared to accelerate age‐related cortical thinning across the cortex in our study population.
Counselling in UK primary schools: Outcomes and predictors of change
Authors: Daniunaite Akvile , Cooper Mick , Forster Tilly
Published: November 2018

Background

The outcomes of counselling in UK primary schools are still largely unknown, and no clear predictors of change have been identified. This study is the largest evaluation to date of change and predictors of change in this sector.

Method

The outcomes of Place2Be's play‐based counselling intervention for 3222 distressed children, aged 4–12, in 178 schools across the UK were evaluated. A naturalistic quantitative design was used, and the primary outcome was changed from baseline to endpoint on the teacher‐rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Total Difficulties score. Outcome predictors were analysed using multilevel modelling.

Results

The intervention was associated with significant reduction in psychological distress, with an effect size (Cohen's d) of .48 and clinical improvement of 50.3% of children. Greater improvements were found for children with higher baseline levels of distress, girls and bilingual children, while improvement of the children with a statement of educational needs was progressively compromised with increasing level of special educational needs.

Discussion

Robust evidence now exists that a play‐based counselling model is associated with significant reductions in psychological distress in primary school children. However, more qualitative and quantitative research is needed to assess the effectiveness of this intervention and the key factors that predict change.
Silencing astrocyte elevated gene‐1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation and mucosal barrier injury in NCM460 cells by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Peng Yang , Li Hongyan , Chen Dandan
Published: November 2018

The effect of oncogene astrocyte‐elevated gene‐1 (AEG‐1) on noncancerous colonic epithelial cell disease is rarely studied. We aim to investigate the role of AEG‐1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation and mucosal barrier injury, and their potential mechanisms. NCM460 cells were stimulated by different concentrations of LPS at 12 h or 24 h. Cell viability and the expression of AEG‐1 was determined by CCK‐8, qRT‐PCR, and Western blotting. Silencing AEG‐1 was successfully established. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect IL‐1β and IL‐18 levels. qRT‐PCR and Western blot were performed to assess the mRNA and protein level of tight junction (TJ)‐associated genes, NLRP3 inflammasome activation‐related factors. Silencing AEG‐1 decreased ROS production; cell apoptosis; and IL‐1β, IL‐18 release, compared to those treated by LPS. Up‐regulation of ZO‐1 and Occludin showed that siAEG‐1 could protect mucosal barrier from LPS‐injured. Silencing AEG‐1 could significantly inhibit NLRP3 and cleaved caspase‐1 expression in LPS stimulation environment. Silencing AEG‐1 inhibited NLRP3 activation, while the activation of caspase‐1 reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18. However, overexpressing AEG‐1 aggravated LPS‐triggered injury and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
Silymarin ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibiting TGF‐β1/Smad signaling
Authors: Meng Songyan , Yang Fan , Wang Yueqiu , Qin Ying , Xian Huimin , Che Hui , Wang Lihong
Published: November 2018

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Previous studies have shown that the transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1)/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in the development of myocardial fibrosis in DCM. Silymarin (SMN) is used clinically to treat liver disorders and acts by influencing TGF‐β1. However, the possible effects of silymarin on DCM remain to be elucidated. In our study, the DM animal model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Fasting blood glucose level was measured, and the structure and function of the heart were measured by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining, echocardiography, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Western blot was used to detect the expression of TGF‐β1, Smad2/3, phosphorylation Smad2/3(p‐Smad2/3), and Smad7. Our results showed that silymarin downregulated blood glucose level and significantly improved cardiac fibrosis and collagen deposition in DM rats detected by H&E, Masson staining, and TEM assays. The echocardiography results showed that silymarin administration attenuated cardiac dysfunction in DM rats. Additionally, compared with untreated DM rats, levels of TGF‐β1 and p‐Smad2/3 were decreased, whereas Smad7 was increased following silymarin administration. These data demonstrate that silymarin ameliorates DCM through the inhibition of TGF‐β1/Smad signaling, suggesting that silymarin may be a potential target for DCM treatment.
Outcomes with drug‐coated balloons in small‐vessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Megaly Michael , Rofael Michael , Saad Marwan , Rezq Ahmed , Kohl Louis P. , Kalra Ankur , Shishehbor Mehdi , Soukas Peter , Abbott JD , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: November 2018

Background

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of small‐vessel coronary artery disease (SVD) is associated with increased risk of restenosis. The use of drug‐coated balloons (DCBs) in SVD has received limited study.

Objectives

To assess the outcomes of DCB in the treatment of SVD compared with the standard of care.

Methods

We performed a meta‐analysis of all studies published between January 2000 and September 2018 reporting the outcomes of DCB versus other modalities in the treatment of de novo SVD.

Results

Seven studies with 1,824 patients (1,938 lesions) were included (four randomized controlled trials and three observational studies). During a mean follow‐up of 14.5 ± 10 months, DCBs were associated with a similar risk of target lesion revascularization (TLR) (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.54, 1.84, P = 97) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.45, P = 0.57) compared with drug‐eluting stents (DES). During a mean follow‐up of 7 ± 1.5 months, DCBs were associated with a significantly lower risk of TLR (OR: 0.19, 95% CI 0.04–0.88, P = 0.03) and binary restenosis (OR: 0.17, 95% CI 0.08–0.37, P = <0.00001) compared with noncoated balloon angioplasty.

Conclusion

The use of DCBs in SVD is associated with comparable outcomes when compared with DES and favorable outcomes when compared with balloon angioplasty.
Revealing the Role of Gold in the Growth of Two‐Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide by Surface Alloy Formation
Authors: Song Intek , Choi Hee Cheul
Published: November 2018

The formation of Mo/Au surface alloy during Au‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of MoS2 is confirmed by a series of control experiments. A metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system is adapted to conduct two‐dimensional MoS2 growth in a controlled environment. Sequential injection of Mo and S precursors, which does not yield any MoS2 on SiO2/Si, grows atomically thin MoS2 on Au, indicating the formation of an alloy phase. Transmission electron microscopy of a cross‐section of the specimen confirms the confinement of the alloy phase near the surface only. These results show that the reaction intermediate is the surface alloy, and that the role of Au in the Au‐assisted CVD is the formation of an atomically thin reservoir of Mo near the surface. This mechanism is clearly distinguished from that of MOCVD, which does not involve the formation of any alloy phases.
Uterine cancer in Jewish Israeli BRCA1/2 mutation carriers
Authors: Laitman Yael , Michaelson‐Cohen Rachel , Levi Einat , Chen‐Shtoyerman Rakefet , Reish Orit , Josefsberg Ben‐Yehoshua Sagi , Bernstein‐Molho Rinat , Keinan‐Boker Lital , Rosengarten Ora , Silverman Barbara G. , Perri Tamar , Korach Jacob , Mor Pnina , Ephrat Ben‐Baruch Noa , Levy Lahad Ephrat , Friedman Eitan ,   the Israeli Consortium of Hereditary Breast Cancer
Published: November 2018

Background

BRCA1/2 mutation carriers have an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer, leading to the recommendation of risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) at 35‐40 years of age. The role, if any, that BRCA mutations play in conferring uterine cancer risk, is unresolved.

Method

Jewish Israeli women, carriers of one of the predominant Jewish mutations in BRCA1/2 from 1998 to 2016, were recruited. Cancer diagnoses were determined through the Israeli National Cancer Registry. Uterine cancer risk was assessed by computing the standardized incidence ratio of observed‐to‐expected number of cases, using the exact 2‐sided P value of Poisson count.

Results

Overall, 2627 eligible mutation carriers were recruited from 1998 to 2016, 2312 (88%) of whom were Ashkenazi Jews (1463 BRCA1, 1154 BRCA2 mutation carriers, 10 double mutation carriers). Among these participants, 1310 underwent RRSO without hysterectomy at a mean (± standard deviation) age of 43.6 years (± 4.4 years). During 32,774 women‐years of follow up, 14 women developed uterine cancer, and the observed‐to‐expected rate of all histological subtypes was 3.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.17‐6.67; P < .001). For serous papillary (n = 5), the observed‐to‐expected ratio was 14.29 (95% CI, 4.64‐33.34; P < .001), and for sarcoma (n = 4) it was 37.74 (95% CI, 10.28‐96.62). These rates were also higher than those detected in a group of 1844 age‐ and ethnicity‐matched women (53% with breast cancer).

Conclusion

Israeli BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers are at an increased risk for developing uterine cancer, especially serous papillary and sarcoma. These elevated risks of uterine cancer should be discussed with BRCA carriers.
Survival, local control, and health‐related quality of life in patients with oligometastatic and polymetastatic spinal tumors: A multicenter, international study
Authors: Barzilai Ori , Versteeg Anne L. , Sahgal Arjun , Rhines Laurence D. , Bilsky Mark H. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Schuster James M. , Weber Michael H. , Pal Varga Peter , Boriani Stefano , Bettegowda Chetan , Fehlings Michael G. , Yamada Yoshiya , Clarke Michelle J. , Arnold Paul M. , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Fisher Charles G. , Laufer Ilya , the AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor
Published: November 2018

Background

The treatment of oligometastatic (≤5 metastases) spinal disease has trended toward ablative therapies, yet to the authors’ knowledge little is known regarding the prognosis of patients presenting with oligometastatic spinal disease and the value of this approach. The objective of the current study was to compare the survival and clinical outcomes of patients with cancer with oligometastatic spinal disease with those of patients with polymetastatic (>5 metastases) disease.

Methods

The current study was an international, multicenter, prospective study. Patients who were admitted to a participating spine center with a diagnosis of spinal metastases and who underwent surgical intervention and/or radiotherapy between August 2013 and May 2017 were included. Data collected included demographics, overall survival, local control, and treatment information including surgical, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy details. Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) measures included the EuroQOL 5 dimensions 3‐level questionnaire (EQ‐5D‐3L), the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36v2), and the Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire (SOSGOQ).

Results

Of the 393 patients included in the current study, 215 presented with oligometastatic disease and 178 presented with polymetastatic disease. A significant survival advantage of 90.1% versus 77.3% at 3 months and 77.0% versus 65.1% at 6 months from the time of treatment was found for patients presenting with oligometastatic disease compared with those with polymetastatic disease. It is important to note that both groups experienced significant improvements in multiple HRQOL measures at 6 months after treatment, with no differences in these outcome measures noted between the 2 groups.

Conclusions

The treatment of oligometastatic disease appears to offer a significant survival advantage compared with polymetastatic disease, regardless of treatment choice. HRQOL measures were found to improve in both groups, demonstrating a palliative benefit for all treated patients.
Analyzing Diguanylate Cyclase Activity In Vivo using a Heterologous Escherichia coli Host
Authors: Fernandez Nicolas , Waters Christopher M.
Published: November 2018

Bacterial biofilms are notorious for their deleterious effects on human health and industrial biofouling. Key processes in biofilm formation are regulated by the second messenger signal cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP); accumulation of c‐di‐GMP promotes biofilm formation, while lowering c‐di‐GMP promotes motility. Complex networks of modular enzymes are involved in regulating c‐di‐GMP homeostasis. Understanding how these enzymes function in bacterial cells can help enlighten how bacteria use environmental cues to modulate c‐di‐GMP and cell physiology. In this article, we describe a workflow that utilizes Escherichia coli as a heterologous host to allow the researcher to identify genes encoding potential c‐di‐GMP‐metabolizing proteins, to express the gene of interest from an inducible plasmid, and to directly detect changes in intracellular c‐di‐GMP using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Determining the molecular test for indeterminate thyroid nodules best suited for our practice: A quality assurance study
Authors: Maerki Jennifer , Klein Melissa , Chau Karen , Gimenez Cecilia , Fishbein Joanna , Khutti Seema , Das Kasturi
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Currently, molecular studies are widely used as a guiding tool in further management of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. At our institution, clinicians have recently expressed concern over receiving “less positive molecular results” upon switching from an extended 14 gene mutation panel (EGMP) to a 7 gene mutation panel (GMP). Our goal is to compare outcomes of these two tests in regards to the performance characteristics and clinical impact.

Materials and Methods

All thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens sent for molecular studies from 2016 to 2017 were retrospectively studied. Cytopathology diagnosis, pertinent clinical findings, molecular results, and follow‐up (F/U) surgical and cytology diagnoses were recorded.

Results

Of the total 165 cases sent for molecular tests 86 (52%) were GMP and 79 (47%) EGMP. There were 21 (24%) and 40 (50%) cases with positive GMP and EGMP results, respectively. Within these positive cases (n = 61), there were a total of 33 (54%) patients who underwent surgical resection and 28 (45%) patients had no follow‐up. The molecular findings and surgical pathologic diagnoses obtained are illustrated in Figures 1 through 4 for GMP and EGMP, respectively.

Conclusions

The selection of molecular testing should be directed toward optimizing patient care and facilitate clinical management. This quality assurance study helped in understanding the complexities associated with test selection best suited for our institution and in educating clinicians.
Effect of enriched environment during adolescence on spatial learning and memory, and voluntary consumption of morphine in maternally separated rats in adulthood
Authors: Mohammadian Javad , Najafi Mahmoud , Miladi‐Gorji Hossein
Published: November 2018

This study was designed to examine the effect of environmental enrichment (EE) during adolescence on spatial learning and memory and voluntary morphine consumption in maternally separated (MS) male and female rats in adulthood. Male Wistar rats were allowed to mate with female virgin Wistar rats. Pups were separated from the dams daily for 180 min during postnatal days 2–14. All pups were weaned on day 21. The pups of both sexes were reared in a standard (SE) or enriched (EE) environment during postnatal days 21–50. Then, adulthood rats were tested for spatial learning and memory (Morris Water Maze), and voluntary consumption of morphine using a two‐bottle choice paradigm (TBC). We found that the MS/SE rats showed longer escape latencies to find the platform on the third (the male) and fourth (the female) days of training than No MS/SE rats. Also, exposure to EE shortened the latency to escape in the male and female MS rats as training progressed than MS/SE rats. Moreover, the No MS/EE and MS/EE male rats spent significantly more time in the target zone compared with the SE control groups in the probe test. We also found that voluntary morphine consumption was higher in the male and female MS/SE than No MS/SE rats, while it was lower in the male and female MS/EE rats. The present results have shown that EE treatment may have potential therapeutic application for the prevention of the development of drug addiction and recovery from cognitive deficits following neonatal MS during adulthood.
An immuno polymerase chain reaction screen for the detection of CJC‐1295 and other growth‐hormone‐releasing hormone analogs in equine plasma
Authors: Timms Mark , Ganio Katherine , Forbes Grace , Bailey Simon , Steel Rohan
Published: November 2018

CJC‐1295 is a 30 amino acid peptide‐based drug that stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland. It is unique among performance‐enhancing peptides due to the presence of a reactive maleimidopropionic acid group that covalently links the peptide to free thiols on the surface of plasma proteins. Once conjugated, CJC‐1295 remains active in the bloodstream for significantly longer than non‐conjugated peptide‐based drugs that are rapidly excreted. Conjugation of CJC‐1295 to plasma proteins prevents its detection by top‐down mass‐spectrometry‐based peptide screening protocols as it effectively becomes a macromolecular protein with an undefined molecular weight. Using a pair of monoclonal antibodies raised against the CJC‐1295 peptide, we present an immuno‐polymerase chain reaction (I‐PCR) assay that is capable of detecting the CJC‐1295‐protein conjugate at concentrations down to 0.8 pg/mL. Detection of endogenous equine GHRH necessitated a screening threshold for CJC‐1295 in equine plasma of 50 pg/mL. The effectiveness of the assay for controlling the illicit use of CJC‐1295 was confirmed in equine blood samples after administration in thoroughbred race horses.
Hierarchical multi‐population viability analysis
Authors: Leasure Douglas R. , Wenger Seth J. , Chelgren Nathan D. , Neville Helen M. , Dauwalter Daniel C. , Bjork Robin , Fesenmyer Kurt A. , Dunham Jason B. , Peacock Mary M. , Luce Charlie H. , Lute Abby C. , Isaak Daniel J.
Published: November 2018

Population viability analysis (PVA) uses concepts from theoretical ecology to provide a powerful tool for quantitative estimates of population dynamics and extinction risks. However, conventional statistical PVA requires long‐term data from every population of interest, whereas many species of concern exist in multiple isolated populations that are only monitored occasionally. We present a hierarchical multi‐population viability analysis model that increases inference power from sparse data by sharing information among populations to assess extinction risks while accounting for incomplete detection and sampling biases with explicit observation and sampling sub‐models. We present a case study in which we customized this model for historical population monitoring data (1985–2015) from federally threatened Lahontan cutthroat trout populations in the Great Basin, USA. Data were counts of fish captured during backpack electrofishing surveys from locations associated with 155 isolated populations. Some surveys (25%) included multi‐pass removal sampling, which provided valuable information about capture efficiency. GIS and remote sensing were used to estimate August stream temperatures, peak flows, and riparian vegetation condition in each population each year. Field data were used to derive an annual index of nonnative trout densities. Results indicated that population growth rates were higher in colder streams and that nonnative trout reduced carrying capacities of native trout. Extinction risks increased with more environmental stochasticity and were also related to population extent, water temperatures, and nonnative densities. We developed a graphical user interface to interact with the fitted model results and to simulate future habitat scenarios and management actions to assess their influence on extinction risks in each population. Hierarchical multi‐population viability analysis bridges the gap between site‐level field observations and population‐level processes, making effective use of existing datasets to support management decisions with robust estimates of population dynamics, extinction risks, and uncertainties.
A Mononuclear Iron(II) Bis(guanidinate) Complex: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity
Authors: Wong George Fai , Yeung Lai Fong , Tsoi Ho Yin , Chan Hoi‐Shan , Chiang Ming‐Hsi , Lee Hung Kay
Published: November 2018

A mononuclear, 14‐electron iron(II) bis(guanidinate) complex, [Fe(HGua)2] [HGua– = (2,6‐Me2C6H3N)C(NHiPr)(NiPr)–] (3), was easily prepared by treatment of anhydrous FeCl2 with 2 equiv. of [Li(HGua)(tmeda)] (2, tmeda = Me2NCH2CH2NMe2). Complex 3 reacts readily with AgCl, Br2, and I2, respectively, leading to the formation of the corresponding iron(III) bis(guanidinate) halide complexes [Fe(HGua)2X] {X = Cl (4), Br (5), I (6)}. Addition of 3 to elemental selenium gives a di‐iron(III) µ‐selenido complex [{Fe(HGua)2}2(µ‐Se)] (9). Complex 3 also reacts readily with PhEEPh (E = S, Se), affording the respective iron(III) bis(guanidinate) chalcogenolate complexes [Fe(HGua)2(EPh)] {E = S (7), Se (8)}. A subsequent reaction of the iron(III) phenylselenolate complex [Fe(HGua)2(SePh)] (8) with I2 yields a mixture of [Fe(HGua)2I] (6) and an interesting selenium compound [(HGua)2SeI2] (10).
A Luminescent Probe for Highly Selective Cu2+ Sensing Using a Lanthanide‐Doped Metal Organic Framework with Large Pores
Authors: Liang Yi‐Yu , Luo Li‐Juan , Li Yang , Ling Bo‐Kai , Chen Bao‐Wei , Wang Xiao‐Wei , Luan Tian‐Gang
Published: November 2018

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous coordination polymer. Recently, some studies have been focused on the detection of various analytes using luminescent MOFs. In this study, an MOF, Eu@1, is synthesized using ([Zn3(TAPB)2(CH3OH)2]) (1) as a precursor to encapsulate Eu3+. It has large pores and excellent luminescent properties, and the quantum yield is up to 30.2%, which can be used as a luminescent probe for highly selective Cu2+ sensing. It is simple and intuitive to use a lanthanide‐doped MOF for highly sensitive sensing of Cu2+ by the change of emitting color (from red to blue). The inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data indicate that Cu2+ can easily be exchanged with Eu3+ in 1D channels and replace a portion of the central ions. The good luminescent properties and visible color detectable to the naked eye demonstrate the potential application of this probe in colorimetric detection.
Trinuclear Triplesalophen Building Blocks with Terminal Cyanides and Implications for the Spin‐Polarization Mechanism for Low‐Spin FeIII and CrIII Ions
Authors: Oldengott Jan , Frhr. v. Richthofen Carl‐Georg , Walleck Stephan , Stammler Anja , Bögge Hartmut , Glaser Thorsten
Published: November 2018

In order to further optimize our triplesalen‐based single‐molecule magnets, we have synthesized the triplesalophen ligand H6baronMe, where the completely sp2‐hybridized ligand backbone should enable almost planar complexes. Here, we report the new complexes [(baronMe){FeIIICl}3], [(baronMe){FeIII(CN)2}3]3–, and [(baronMe){CrIII(CN)2}3]3–. As intended the local anisotropy axes, defined by the cyanide ligands, deviate only by ten degrees from the molecular C3‐axis. The exchange coupling in [(baronMe){FeIII(CN)2}3]3– is ferromagnetic with J = 2.2 cm–1 but antiferromagnetic in [(baronMe){CrIII(CN)2}3]3– with J = –1.76 cm–1. The ferromagnetic coupling in the FeIII low‐spin complex is rationalized by a good π overlap of the dyz magnetic orbital with the O(pz) orbitals of the central phloroglucinol unit. The three unpaired electrons of the CrIII ions in [(baronMe){CrIII(CN)2}3]3– provide competing spin‐delocalization and spin‐polarization pathways, which explains the overall antiferromagnetic coupling. These two complexes are the first l.s. FeIII and CrIII complexes of triplesalen‐like ligands and emphasize the strong impact of the specific electronic configuration on the spin‐polarization mechanism via the central phloroglucinol. The potential of [(baronMe){FeIII(CN)2}3]3– and [(baronMe){CrIII(CN)2}3]3– as molecular building blocks for nonanuclear complexes by coordination to the six cyanides is discussed.
Women experience more serious relationship problems when male partners endorse hostile sexism
Authors: Cross Emily J. , Overall Nickola C.
Published: November 2018

Men's hostile sexism promotes aggressive attitudes, motivations and behaviors toward women. Despite the costs these effects should have for women, prior research has failed to test how men's hostile sexism predicts the problems women experience in important domains. We address this oversight by utilizing dyadic data from 363 heterosexual couples to test how male partners’ hostile sexism predicts women's relationship experiences and evaluations. Male partners’ hostile sexism was associated with women experiencing more severe problems across a greater number of domains. Moreover, the areas experienced as most problematic were consistent with the power, dependence, and trust concerns underlying men's hostile sexism, including problems with power dynamics, jealousy, and serious problems involving gender‐role conflict, abuse, infidelity and alcohol/drugs. The greater problems associated with male partners’ hostile sexism predicted more negative relationship evaluations for women. These results demonstrate the importance of examining how men's hostile sexism harms women in important life domains.
Mutagenicity of Ayahuasca and Their Constituents to the Salmonella/Microsome Assay
Authors: Kummrow Fábio , Maselli Bianca S. , Lanaro Rafael , Costa José Luis , Umbuzeiro Gisela A. , Linardi Alessandra
Published: November 2018

Ayahuasca is a beverage used in religious rituals of indigenous and nonindigenous groups, and its therapeutic potential has been investigated. Ayahuasca is obtained by decoction of the Banisteriopsis caapi that contains β‐carbolines (harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine) plus Psychotria viridis that contains N,N‐dimethyltryptamine. Although plants used in folk medicine are recognized as safe, many of them have genotoxic potential. The Salmonella/microsome assay is usually the first line of the mutagenicity evaluation of products intended for therapeutic use. Our objective was to evaluate the mutagenicity of ayahuasca beverage and their constituents using the Salmonella/microsome assay with TA98 and TA100. We analyzed two ayahuasca samples, and also beverage samples prepared each individual plant P. viridis and B. caapi. Harmine and harmaline were also tested. All beverage samples were chemically characterized and both ayahuasca samples could be considered representative of the beverages consumed in religious rituals. Both ayahuasca samples were mutagenic for TA98 and TA100 with and without S9, with similar potencies. The beverage obtained from P. viridis was not mutagenic, and beverage obtained from B. caapi was mutagenic for TA98 with and without S9. Harmine was nonmutagenic and harmaline was mutagenic only for TA98 without S9. Harmaline fully explain the mutagenicity observed with TA98 without S9 of both ayahuasca samples and the B. caapi beverage samples. We conclude that the ayahuasca samples are mutagenic and this effect is partially explained by harmaline, one of the β‐carbolines present in the beverage. Other mutagenic compounds seem to be present and need to be further investigated. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:269–276, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zn@C Core–Shell Nanocomposite for Rechargeable Aqueous Zn//MnO2 Batteries with Long Lifetime
Authors: Wei Hang , Hu Xiao , Zhang Xianfeng , Yu Zhifeng , Zhou Tianyi , Liu Yang , Liu Yongguang , Wang Yue , Xie Jiexin , Sun Lianfeng , Liang Minghui , Jiang Peng
Published: November 2018

Rechargeable zinc‐based aqueous batteries are a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage devices because of the high theoretical energy density of Zn as well as the availability, safety, and cheap price of Zn‐based aqueous batteries. A Zn@C core–shell composite is designed to overcome two problems of Zn anodes, that is, the formation of Zn dendrites and the corrosion/loss of Zn anode during the charge–discharge process, influencing the lifetime of Zn‐based aqueous batteries. The prepared Zn@C composite from ZnO@C with electrochemical reduction is robust as the anode for a Zn@C//MnO2 battery, and a 98.8% retention after 400 cycles is obtained at a discharge rate of 5 C. The specific capacitance of Zn@C//MnO2 battery can reach 135 mAh gZn−1 at 3 C, and the energy density of this battery can reach 75.9 Wh Kg−1. The coated carbon layer on Zn/ZnO plays a role in protecting Zn/ZnO from leaching or corrosion by KOH, so the structure of Zn@C is a key factor in improving the cycling lifetime of Zn‐based aqueous batteries.
Energy efficient operation of induction motor drives: Economic and environmental analysis in cement manufacturing
Authors: Choudhary Prashant Kumar , Dubey Satya Prakash
Published: November 2018

Energy consumption is increasing day by day and so greenhouse gas emissions. Heavy industries, which consume almost 50% of total energy produced, there is a strong need to implement energy efficiency measures. The electric motor driven systems (EMDS) such as fans, blowers, ventilators, pumps, and compressors are widely used in industries and consume 80% of total industrial electricity. A huge electrical energy saving potential exists with these applications since they frequently come under partial load condition. The optimal flux operation of motors provides significant savings in such conditions, especially in the steady‐state. There are two methods, namely, loss model control (LMC) and search control (SC) used for finding an optimal flux value. In this paper, a case study has been performed to analyze the efficiency improvement of motors of an industrial unit by utilizing superior features of LMC and SC techniques together in a novel way. A total of 65 EMDS are being considered as energy‐efficiency load points for the detailed investigation of a typical integrated cement‐manufacturing unit, located at Durg district, C.G., India. The efficiency improvement validation has been carried out on the MATLAB platform. Significant savings of $2.19 million per annum in energy expenditures, 48,899 tons less per annum of combusted coal and nearly 50,366 tons less greenhouse emissions are estimated at 1 yr. The projected energy use will be in line with “good practice” benchmarks for the sector as well help in “carbon emission reduction target” of state and country. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 672–679, 2019
Predicting potential of pressure retarded osmosis power for different estuaries in Turkey
Authors: Saki Seda , Uzal Nigmet , Gökçek Murat , Ates Nuray
Published: November 2018

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is an alternative renewable energy source recovered from the salinity gradient between the fresh water (feed solution) and salty water (draw solution). In order to implement osmotic power, the site‐specific characteristics including the river and sea salinity, annual flow rates, ecological restrictions were taken into account. This study revealed a comprehensive analysis for a theoretical potential of PRO process for different estuaries in Turkey. In this study, the power potential prediction of PRO process for the Ceyhan, Sakarya, and Meric Rivers were analyzed via Gibbs free energy calculations. The net annual energy production is projected to be 167, 164, and 208 GWh/y for Ceyhan, Sakarya, and Meric Rivers, respectively. Meric River has the highest energy production of 208 GWh/yr with 186 m3/s mean flow rate and 245 mg/L salinity. These results clearly show that Turkey's rivers having high salinity and flow rate are feasible and applicable for making the osmotic power plant economically. Thereby, it is providing essential direction to the improvement of its design, installation, and operation. The developed methodology for the evaluation of the osmotic power potential of other rivers can be considered as a basis to assess the whole potential on a worldwide level. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13085, 2019
Biodegradation of high saline petrochemical wastewater by novel isolated halotolerant bacterial strains using integrated powder activated carbon/activated sludge bioreactor
Authors: Jorfi Sahand , Ghafari Shokouh , Ramavandi Bahman , Soltani Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh , Ahmadi Mehdi
Published: November 2018

The halotolerant bacteria including Pseudomonas stutzeri strain Ahv‐S12, Bacillus vietnamensis strain Ahv‐Q1 and Brevibacterium sediminis strain Ahv‐Z20 were used as inoculums in an integrated powder activated carbon/activated sludge bioreactor. The influence of organic loading rates (OLRs) and total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was evaluated. Furthermore, biokinetic coefficient was evaluated under TDS variation. Results showed that the COD removal value of 68.32% was observed in OLR of 0.4 kg COD m−3 day−1 and TDS concentrations of 20,000 mg L−1. Higher OLR and TDS concentration led to lower COD removal efficiency. On the other hand, the biodegradation function of isolated salt tolerant strains was much more affected by salinity rather than OLR. Results of biokinetic coefficient determination showed that yield value (Y), kd, K, and μmax were 0.199–0.274 mgVSS mg COD−1, 0.016–0.038 day−1, 0.48–0.922 day−1 and 0.097–0.244 day−1, respectively. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13088, 2019