bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shared and dissociable features of apathy and reward system dysfunction in bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Kirschner Matthias , Cathomas Flurin , Manoliu Andrei , Habermeyer Benedikt , Simon Joe J. , Seifritz Erich , Tobler Philippe N. , Kaiser Stefan
Published: April 2019

Background

Bipolar disorder I (BD-I) is defined by episodes of mania, depression and euthymic states. These episodes are among other symptoms characterized by altered reward processing and negative symptoms (NS), in particular apathy. However, the neural correlates of these deficits are not well understood.

Methods

We first assessed the severity of NS in 25 euthymic BD-I patients compared with 25 healthy controls (HC) and 27 patients with schizophrenia (SZ). Then, we investigated ventral (VS) and dorsal striatal (DS) activation during reward anticipation in a Monetary Incentive Delayed Task and its association with NS.

Results

In BD-I patients NS were clearly present and the severity of apathy was comparable to SZ patients. Apathy scores in the BD-I group but not in the SZ group correlated with sub-syndromal depression scores. At the neural level, we found significant VS and DS activation in BD-I patients and no group differences with HC or SZ patients. In contrast to patients with SZ, apathy did not correlate with striatal activation during reward anticipation. Explorative whole-brain analyses revealed reduced extra-striatal activation in BD-I patients compared with HC and an association between reduced activation of the inferior frontal gyrus and apathy.

Conclusion

This study found that in BD-I patients apathy is present to an extent comparable to SZ, but is more strongly related to sub-syndromal depressive symptoms. The findings support the view of different pathophysiological mechanisms underlying apathy in the two disorders and suggest that extra-striatal dysfunction may contribute to impaired reward processing and apathy in BD-I.
Reversible Changes of Chromosome Structure upon Different Concentrations of Divalent Cations
Authors: Dwiranti Astari , Takata Hideaki , Fukui Kiichi
Published: April 2019

The structural details of chromosomes have been of interest to researchers for many years, but how the metaphase chromosome is constructed remains unsolved. Divalent cations have been suggested to be required for the organization of chromosomes. However, detailed information about the role of these cations in chromosome organization is still limited. In the current study, we investigated the effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ depletion and the reversibility upon re-addition of one of the two ions. Human chromosomes were treated with different concentrations of Ca2+and Mg2+. Depletion of Ca2+ and both Ca2+ and Mg2+ were carried out using 1, 2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), respectively. Chromosome structure was examined by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that chromosome structures after treatment with a buffer without Mg2+, after Ca2+ depletion, as well as after depletion of both Mg2+, and Ca2+, yielded fewer compact structures with fibrous chromatin than those without cation depletion. Interestingly, the chromatin of EDTA-treated chromosomes reversed to their original granular diameters after re-addition of either Mg2+ or Ca2+ only. These findings signify the importance of divalent cations on the chromosome structure and suggest the interchangeable role of Ca2+ and Mg2+.
ON -DISTINGUISHED REPRESENTATIONS OF THE QUASI-SPLIT UNITARY GROUPS
Authors: Mitra A. , Offen Omer
Published: April 2019

We study$\text{Sp}_{2n}(F)$-distinction for representations of the quasi-split unitary group$U_{2n}(E/F)$in$2n$variables with respect to a quadratic extension$E/F$of$p$-adic fields. A conjecture of Dijols and Prasad predicts that no tempered representation is distinguished. We verify this for a large family of representations in terms of the Mœglin–Tadić classification of the discrete series. We further study distinction for some families of non-tempered representations. In particular, we exhibit$L$-packets with no distinguished members that transfer under base change to$\text{Sp}_{2n}(E)$-distinguished representations of$\text{GL}_{2n}(E)$.
Accounting for Noncompliance in Survey Experiments
Authors: Harden Jeffrey J. , Sokhey Anand E. , Runge Katherine L.
Published: April 2019

Political scientists commonly use survey experiments–often conducted online–to study the attitudes of the mass public. In these experiments, compensation is usually small and researcher control is limited, which introduces the potential for low respondent effort and attention. This lack of engagement may result in noncompliance with experimental protocols, threatening causal inferences. However, in reviewing the literature, we find that despite the discipline’s general familiarity with experimental noncompliance, researchers rarely consider it when analyzing survey experiments. This oversight is important because it may unknowingly prevent researchers from estimating their causal quantities of greatest substantive interest. We urge scholars to address this particular manifestation of an otherwise familiar problem and suggest two strategies for formally measuring noncompliance in survey experiments: recording vignette screen time latency and repurposing manipulation checks. We demonstrate and discuss the substantive consequences of these recommendations by revisiting several published survey experiments.
Geomorphological Evidence of Localized Stagnant Ice Deposits in Terra Cimmeria, Mars
Authors: Adeli Solmaz , Hauber Ernst , Michael Gregory G. , Fawdon Peter , Smith Isaac B. , Jaumann Ralf
Published: April 2019

The presence of snow and ice at midlatitudes of Mars cannot be explained by current climatic conditions, as surface ice is unstable. However, a large variety of debris‐covered glaciers have been observed at both midlatitudes. Here, we report the presence of local, small‐scale, and debris‐covered stagnant ice deposits on the floor of a valley system in Terra Cimmeria. These deposits, termed valley fill deposits (VFD), have a distribution that is restricted to the host valley floor and to the extent of the ejecta blanket associated with Tarq impact crater. The VFD are characterized by convex‐upward morphology, various crevasses, sublimation pits, an average area of a few square kilometers, and occasional ejecta streaks on their surface. Our model age estimation points to two possible time frames for the Tarq impact event; thus, we suggest two formation scenarios for VFD: (I) distribution of ice due to impact into shallow ice during the Middle Amazonian and (II) post‐impact deposition of VFD due to precipitation. In both scenarios, ice preservation is most likely due to a lag of dust and debris deposited in the valley's topographic lows. Scenario I is more consistent with our geomorphological observation of the VFD being overlain by ejecta streaks. Our results highlight the importance of local geological events and conditions in the distribution and preservation of buried ice deposits on Mars and suggest that more small‐scale and debris‐covered ice deposits may exist in the midlatitudes than previously thought. These deposits are of high importance for future human exploration missions to Mars.
Fast-Melting Mountain Glaciers Speed Up Sea Level Rise
Authors: Morton Mary
Published: April 2019

Satellites spy on remote alpine glaciers, producing more accurate—and higher—estimates of ice loss over time.
Evidence for Edge Enhancements of Soil Respiration in Temperate Forests
Authors: Smith Ian A. , Hutyra Lucy R. , Reinmann Andrew B. , Thompson Jonathan R. , Allen David W.
Published: April 2019

Forest fragmentation impacts carbon uptake and storage; however, the magnitude and direction of fragmentation impacts on soil respiration remain poorly characterized. We quantify soil respiration rates along edge‐to‐interior transects in two temperate broadleaf forests in the eastern United States that vary in climate, species composition, and soil type. We observe average soil respiration rates 15–26% higher at the forest edge compared to the interior, corresponding to large gradients in soil temperature. We find no significant difference in the sensitivity of soil respiration to temperature between the forest edge and interior. Fragmentation and resultant shifts in microenvironment alter forest productivity and soil respiration near forest edges. Ecosystem models do not currently represent edge dynamics, but given the prevalence of landscape fragmentation and its effect on carbon cycling along forest edges, this omission likely introduces an important source of uncertainty in our understanding of terrestrial carbon dynamics with a changing landscape and climate.
Satellite‐Beacon Ionospheric‐Scintillation Global Model of the Upper Atmosphere (SIGMA) III: Scintillation Simulation Using A Physics‐Based Plasma Model
Authors: Deshpande Kshitija Bharat , Zettergren Matthew David
Published: April 2019

Electromagnetic signals including Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals often experience fluctuations due to ionospheric density structures termed as scintillation. Physical processes contributing to these structures in polar cap regions likely include gradient‐drift instability. GNSS scintillations are frequently observed at high latitudes and are potentially useful diagnostics of how energy from the transient forcing in the cusp or polar cap region cascades, via instabilities, to small scales. This work interfaces a physics‐based plasma model (Geospace Environment Model of Ion‐Neutral Interactions) to a radio wave propagation model (Satellite‐beacon Ionospheric‐scintillation Global Model of the upper Atmosphere) to explore this cascade. In this work, Geospace Environment Model of Ion‐Neutral Interactions‐Satellite‐beacon Ionospheric‐scintillation Global Model of the upper Atmosphere is used to simulate signal propagation through gradient‐drift instability over Resolute Bay for comparison with GNSS observations during a geomagnetic storm presented earlier in this series of papers. Our spectral and multiscale analyses show close agreement for simulated and observed data, suggesting the use of our physics‐based platform for understanding and predicting the effects of ionospheric instabilities on navigation and communication.
Cues to intention bias action perception toward the most efficient trajectory
Authors: McDonough Katrina L. , Hudson Matthew , Bach Patric
Published: April 2019

Humans interpret others’ behaviour as intentional and expect them to take the most energy-efficient path to achieve their goals. Recent studies show that these expectations of efficient action take the form of a prediction of an ideal “reference” trajectory, against which observed actions are evaluated, distorting their perceptual representation towards this expected path. Here we tested whether these predictions depend upon the implied intentionality of the stimulus. Participants saw videos of an actor reaching either efficiently (straight towards an object or arched over an obstacle) or inefficiently (straight towards obstacle or arched over empty space). The hand disappeared mid-trajectory and participants reported the last seen position on a touch-screen. As in prior research, judgments of inefficient actions were biased toward efficiency expectations (straight trajectories upwards to avoid obstacles, arched trajectories downward towards goals). In two further experimental groups, intentionality cues were removed by replacing the hand with a non-agentive ball (group 2), and by removing the action’s biological motion profile (group 3). Removing these cues substantially reduced perceptual biases. Our results therefore confirm that the perception of others’ actions is guided by expectations of efficient actions, which are triggered by the perception of semantic and motion cues to intentionality.
Parallel sequencing of porA reveals a complex pattern of Campylobacter genotypes that differs between broiler and broiler breeder chickens
Authors: Colles Frances. M. , Preston Stephen. G. , Barfod Kenneth Klingenberg , Flammer Patrik. G. , Maiden Martin C. J. , Smith Adrian L.
Published: April 2019

Chicken meat represents an important source of Campylobacter infections of humans world-wide. A better understanding of Campylobacter epidemiology in commercial chicken flocks will facilitate the development of more effective intervention strategies. We developed a gene-specific parallel sequencing approach that efficiently indicated genetic diversity in farm-derived samples and revealed Campylobacter genotypes that would not be detected using microbiological culture. Parallel sequencing of the porA nucleotide fragment identified a different pattern of diversity in broiler flocks compared with broiler-breeder flocks at both individual bird and flock levels. Amongst the flocks tested, broiler flocks and individual birds were dominated by one or two porA fragment types whereas co-dominance with up to six porA fragment types was evident in breeder birds. A high proportion (83.6–93.3%) of porA variants were shared between broiler and breeder flocks. The porA-based diversity profiling could be a useful addition to the repertoire of tools employed to attribute potential sources of contamination for broiler flocks, including the environment, wild animals or other chickens. This approach can be extended to include other loci within Campylobacter and developed for molecular epidemiology studies of other bacterial species.
Novel, rare and common pathogenic variants in the CFTR gene screened by high-throughput sequencing technology and predicted by in silico tools
Authors: Pereira Stéphanie Villa-Nova , Ribeiro José Dirceu , Ribeiro Antônio Fernando , Bertuzzo Carmen Sílvia , Marson Fernando Augusto Lima
Published: April 2019

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by ~300 pathogenic CFTR variants. The heterogeneity of which, challenges molecular diagnosis and precision medicine approaches in CF. Our objective was to identify CFTR variants through high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and to predict the pathogenicity of novel variants through in 8 silico tools. Two guidelines were followed to deduce the pathogenicity. A total of 169 CF patients had genomic DNA submitted to a Targeted Gene Sequencing and we identified 63 variants (three patients had three variants). The most frequent alleles were: F508del (n = 192), G542* (n = 26), N1303K (n = 11), R1162* and R334W (n = 9). The screened variants were classified as follows: 41 – pathogenic variants [classified as (I) n = 23, (II) n = 6, (III) n = 1, (IV) n = 6, (IV/V) n = 1 and (VI) n = 4]; 14 – variants of uncertain significance; and seven novel variants. To the novel variants we suggested the classification of 6b-16 exon duplication, G646* and 3557delA as Class I. There was concordance among the predictors as likely pathogenic for L935Q, cDNA.5808T>A and I1427I. Also, Y325F presented two discordant results among the predictors. HTS and in silico analysis can identify pathogenic CFTR variants and will open the door to integration of precision medicine into routine clinical practice in the near future.
The effect of exogenous melatonin on reducing scoliotic curvature and improving bone quality in melatonin-deficient C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Liu Hao , Liu Zhen , Man Chi-wai , Guo Jing , Han Xiao , Hu Zongshan , Ng Tzi Bun , Zhao Zhihui , Li Jie , Wang Weijun , Chun Tseng-chang , Qiao Jun , Shi Benlong , Xu Leilei , Bao Hongda , Jiang Qing , Lam Tsz Ping , Cheng Jack Chun Yiu , Qiu Yong , Zhu Zezhang
Published: April 2019

It is well-documented that melatonin deficiency has been linked to the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. In this study, we intended to apply melatonin in melatonin-deficient mice to ascertain whether melatonin could reduce the incidence/severity of scoliosis, and investigate the role of melatonin on bone mineral density in scoliosis. A total of 80 mice were divided into 4 groups: 20 quadrupedal mice and 20 bipedal mice served as controls; 20 quadrupedal and 20 bipedal mice received oral melatonin (8 mg/kg BW) daily. After 5th, 10th, 15th and 20th weeks of treatment, radiographs and in vivo micro-CT were used to determine the incidence of scoliosis and bone qualities, respectively. Upon sacrifice, the levels of melatonin were measured in each group. At 20th week, the occurrence of scoliosis was 80%, 30%, 22% and 5% in bipedal, quadrupedal, bipedal + melatonin and quadrupedal + melatonin group, respectively. The trabecular bone quality of the vertebral body was significantly ameliorated in the melatonin-treated bipedal models. Likewise, the number of osteoclasts was significantly less in those treated with melatonin. Our results indicated that melatonin deficiency may be crucial for scoliotic development, and restoration of melatonin levels can prevent scoliotic development with the improvement in bone density.
Comparison of multi-tissue aging between human and mouse
Authors: Zhuang Jujuan , Zhang Lijun , Dai Shuang , Cui Lingyu , Guo Cheng , Sloofman Laura , Yang Jialiang
Published: April 2019

With the rapid growth of the aging population, exploring the biological basis of aging and related molecular mechanisms has become an important topic in modern scientific research. Aging can cause multiple organ function attenuations, leading to the occurrence and development of various age-related metabolic, nervous system, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, aging is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Although a number of studies have used various mouse models to study aging, further research is needed to associate mouse and human aging at the molecular level. In this paper, we systematically assessed the relationship between human and mouse aging by comparing multi-tissue age-related gene expression sets. We compared 18 human and mouse tissues, and found 9 significantly correlated tissue pairs. Functional analysis also revealed some terms related to aging in human and mouse. And we performed a crosswise comparison of homologous age-related genes with 18 tissues in human and mouse respectively, and found that human Brain_Cortex was significantly correlated with Brain_Hippocampus, which was also found in mouse. In addition, we focused on comparing four brain-related tissues in human and mouse, and found a gene–GFAP–related to aging in both human and mouse.
Hot electron-driven electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction on metal–semiconductor nanodiode electrodes
Authors: Nedrygailov Ievgen I. , Moon Song Yi , Park Jeong Young
Published: April 2019

Hot electrons generated on metal catalysts influence atomic and molecular processes, leading to hot electron-driven catalytic reactions. Here, we show the acceleration of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution caused by internal injection of hot electrons on Pt/Si metal–semiconductor electrodes. When a forward bias voltage is applied to the Pt/Si contact, hot electrons are injected. The excess energy of these electrons allows them to reach the Pt/electrolyte interface and reduce the adsorbed hydrogen ions to form H2 (2H+ + 2e−→H2). We show that the onset potential of the hydrogen evolution reaction shifts positively by 160 mV while the cathodic current exhibits an 8-fold increase in the presence of hot electrons. The effect disappears when the thickness of the Pt film exceeds the mean free path of the hot electrons. The concept of a hot electron-driven reaction can lead to the development of a novel mechanism for controlling reactivity at liquid–solid interfaces.
Role of phospho–ezrin in differentiating thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Lathika Lakshmi Mohan , Nair Jagathnath Krishna Kumarapillai Moh , Saritha Valliamma Neelakandapilla , Sujathan Kunjuraman , Sreeja Sreeharshan
Published: April 2019

Comprehensive theory explaining the relationship between estrogen (E2) and ezrin in metastasis of thyroid cancer remains non-elicited. In vitro results revealed that E2 could stimulate the expression and phosphorylation of ezrin in a time and dose dependent manner. Our data clearly showed that E2 enhanced the migration and invasion of cells, which was reversed by the transfection of cells with ezrin specific siRNA. Further, we observed that Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) ROCK-2 are among the kinases responsible for E2 induced phosphorylation of ezrin. Clinical validation of ezrin/phospho-ezrin revealed that phospho-ezrin was intensely expressed in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC), while it was completely absent in follicular adenoma (FA) lesions in which the differentiation of the follicular neoplasms remains subtle. When histology of different carcinomas is correlated with benign FA with respect to phospho-ezrin, we observed that the marker was highly significant (p = 0.0001). 100% sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of the above marker in the histological association of FTC, FVPTC with FA, enables us to suggest phospho-ezrin as a diagnostic marker to differentiate the follicular neoplasms. These data are the first to suggest the dynamic regulation of ezrin phosphorylation during metastasis in FTC.
Renal Denervation for Resistant Hypertension in the contemporary era: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Agasthi Pradyumna , Shipman Justin , Arsanjani Reza , Ashukem Moses , Girardo Marlene. E. , Yerasi Charan , Venepally Nithin. R. , Fortuin Floyd David , Mookadam Farouk
Published: April 2019

Renal denervation (RDN) is a catheter-based ablation procedure designed to treat resistant hypertension (RH). The objective of our study is to determine the effect of RDN on blood pressure and renal function in patients with RH in comparison to medical therapy alone. We performed an extensive literature search for randomized control trials (RCT) reporting office and 24 hr. blood pressure changes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline and 6 months. We calculated a weighted standardized mean difference of blood pressure and renal outcomes between RDN and control groups using random effects models. Our search yielded 608 studies of which we included 15 studies for the final analysis. A total of 857 patients were treated with RDN and 616 patients treated with medical therapy ± sham procedure. Only 5 studies were double-blinded RCT with sham control. The adjusted standardized mean difference in the change in office based systolic and diastolic pressures (p = 0.18; p = 0.14); 24 hr. systolic and diastolic pressures (p = 0.20; p = 0.18); and eGFR (p = 0.20) from baseline to 6 months is statistically insignificant with significant heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis showed that among sham controlled trials, 24 hr. systolic blood pressure showed a modest but statistically significant benefit favoring renal denervation in patients with RH. Our meta-analysis of 15 RCTs showed no significant benefit of RDN on blood pressure control in patients with resistant hypertension. Subgroup analysis of sham control studies showed a modest benefit in 24 hr. systolic blood pressure at 6 months with RDN.
The coordination behavior of 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)maleic-N-phenylimide towards copper, silver, gold and palladium
Authors: Wang Yingxia , Eichhöfer Andreas , Weigend Florian , Fenske Dieter , Fuhr Olaf
Published: April 2019

In the coordination sphere of copper, silver and palladium 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)maleic-N-phenylimide can act as a radical, non-innocent ligand.
Enhancing water permeation through alumina membranes by changing from cylindrical to conical nanopores
Authors: Nalaparaju Anjaiah , Wang John , Jiang Jianwen
Published: April 2019

Water permeation through highly hydrophilic alumina membranes can be enhanced by conical nanopores.
Packaging of DNA origami in viral capsids
Authors: Kopatz Idit , Zalk Ran , Levi-Kalisman Yael , Zlotkin-Rivkin Efrat , Frank Gabriel A. , Kler Stanislav
Published: April 2019

DNA origami in self-assembled SV40 capsid, a new type of encapsulation substrate for medical applications.
Thein situetching assisted synthesis of Pt–Fe–Mn ternary alloys with high-index facets as efficient catalysts for electro-oxidation reactions
Authors: Qin Congli , Fan Aixin , Zhang Xin , Dai Xiaoping , Sun Hui , Ren Danhua , Dong Zhun , Wang Yao , Luan Chenglong , Ye Jin-Yu , Sun Shi-Gang
Published: April 2019

A novel strategy for significantly enhancing electro-oxidation reactions based on the reconstruction of Pt-based alloys with HIFs is demonstrated.
The caffeic acid moiety plays an essential role in attenuating lipid accumulation by chlorogenic acid and its analogues
Authors: Cao Xiaoxue , Wu Chongming , Tian Yu , Guo Peng
Published: April 2019

The phenolic hydroxyl on the caffeic acid moiety is essential for the lipid-lowering activity of chlorogenic acid.
Polydopamine-mediated synthesis of core–shell gold@calcium phosphate nanoparticles for enzyme immobilization
Authors: Li Di , Fang Zheng , Duan Hongwei , Liang Li
Published: April 2019

Constructing calcium phosphate (CaP)–gold (Au) nanocomposites for enzyme immobilization to overcome the bottleneck of loss of enzyme activity upon immobilization.
Correction: Iridium(iii) polypyridine complexes with a disulfide linker as biological sensors and cytotoxic agents
Authors: Li Steve Po-Yam , Yim Vicki Man-Wai , Shum Justin , Kam-Wing Lo Kenneth
Published: April 2019

Correction for ‘Iridium(iii) polypyridine complexes with a disulfide linker as biological sensors and cytotoxic agents’ by Steve Po-Yam Li et al., Dalton Trans., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00793h.
The dimensional crossover of quantum transport properties in few-layered Bi2Se3 thin films
Authors: Yang Liang , Wang Zhenhua , Li Mingze , Gao Xuan P. A. , Zhang Zhidong
Published: April 2019

Topological insulator bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) thin films with a thickness of 6.0 quintuple layers (QL) to 23 QL are deposited using pulsed laser deposition (PLD).
Phase transitions and ferroelasticity–multiferroicity in bulk and two-dimensional silver and copper monohalides
Authors: Gao Yaxin , Wu Menghao , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: April 2019

Silver/copper monohalides exhibit multiferroicity with coupled ferroelasticity/ferroelectricity, high cohesive energies and low cleavage energies of multilayers.
1,2,4-Oxadiazole-5-ones as analogues of tamoxifen: synthesis and biological evaluation
Authors: Chiacchio Maria A. , Legnani Laura , Campisi Agata , Paola Bottino , Giuseppe Lanza , Iannazzo Daniela , Veltri Lucia , Giofrè Salvatore , Romeo Roberto
Published: April 2019

2,3,4-Triaryl-substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-ones have been prepared as fixed-ring analogues of tamoxifen by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones to isocyanates.
Organocatalytic asymmetric [4 + 1] annulation of in situ generated ortho-quinomethanes with 4-halo pyrazolones: straightforward access to chiral spiro-benzofuran pyrazolones
Authors: Chu Ming-Ming , Qi Suo-Suo , Wang Yi-Feng , Wang Biao , Jiang Zhen-Hui , Xu Dan-Qian , Xu Zhen-Yuan
Published: April 2019

Asymmetric [4 + 1] annulation of ortho-quinomethanes with 4-halo pyrazolones was developed to construct spiro-benzofuran pyrazolones.
Pseudonectrins A–D, heptaketides from an endophytic fungus Nectria pseudotrichia
Authors: Fu Peinan , Zhou Tingnan , Ren Fengxia , Zhu Shuaiming , Zhang Yang , Zhuang Wenying , Che Yongsheng
Published: April 2019

The new heptaketides, pseudonectrins A–D (1–4), were isolated from a plant endophyte Nectria pseudotrichia. Compounds 1–3 showed moderate cytotoxicity towards human tumor cells.
Brønsted acid and Pd–PHOX dual-catalysed enantioselective addition of activated C-pronucleophiles to internal dienes
Authors: Park Sangjune , Adamson Nathan J. , Malcolmson Steven J.
Published: April 2019

We describe the development of Pd–PHOX-catalysed enantioselective couplings of internal dienes with malononitrile and other activated C-pronucleophiles.
New insights into the phase evolution in CuS during lithiation and delithiation processes
Authors: Nam Jae Seok , Lee Jung-Hun , Hwang Soo Min , Kim Young-Jun
Published: April 2019

The phase evolution of CuS during the lithiation and delithiation processes is explored by a combination of operando and ex situ analyses.
Gold nanoparticle–protein conjugate dually-responsive to pH and temperature for modulation of enzyme activity
Authors: Sun Ya , Li Zhenhua , Wu Jingxian , Wang Zhiqiang , Dong Yishi , Wang Hongwei , Brash John L. , Yuan Lin , Chen Hong
Published: April 2019

The enzymatic activity of the dual-responsive gold nanoparticle–protein–polymer conjugate can be modulated almost in a full range under different pH and temperature conditions.
Constructing fully carbon-based fillers with a hierarchical structure to fabricate highly thermally conductive polyimide nanocomposites
Authors: Guo Yongqiang , Ruan Kunpeng , Yang Xutong , Ma Tengbo , Kong Jie , Wu Nannan , Zhang Jiaoxia , Gu Junwei , Guo Zhanhu
Published: April 2019

Fully carbon-based f-MWCNT-g-rGO with a hierarchical structure was built to fabricate highly thermally conductive polyimide nanocomposites by electrospinning.
Themed issue on electronic properties and characterisation of perovskites
Authors: Kot Małgorzata , Das Chittaranjan , Baran Derya , Saliba Michael
Published: April 2019

Guest editors Małgorzata Kot, Chittaranjan Das, Derya Baran and Michael Saliba introduce this Journal of Materials Chemistry C themed issue on the electronic properties and characterisation of perovskites.
The role of sirtuin 1 and its activator, resveratrol in osteoarthritis
Authors: Deng Zhenhan , Li Yusheng , Liu Haifeng , Xiao Shengshi , Li Liangjun , Tian Jian , Cheng Chao , Zhang Greg , Zhang Fangjie
Published: April 2019

Osteoarthitis (OA) is the most common aging-related joint pathology; the aging process results in changes to joint tissues that ultimately contribute to the development of OA. Articular chondrocytes exhibit an aging-related decline in their proliferative and synthetic capacity. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT 1), a longevity gene related to many diseases associated with aging, is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylase and master metabolic regulator. Along with its natural activator resveratrol, SIRT 1 actively participates in the OA pathological progress. SIRT 1 expression in osteoarthritic cartilage decreases in the disease progression of OA; it appears to play a predominantly regulatory role in OA. SIRT 1 can regulate the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins; promote mesenchymal stem cell differentiation; play anti-catabolic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptosis roles; participate in the autophagic process; and regulate bone homeostasis in OA. Resveratrol can activate SIRT 1 in order to inhibit OA disease progression. In the future, activating SIRT 1 via resveratrol with improved bioavailability may be an appropriate therapeutic approach for OA.
Estimation of various PQ indices at point of common coupling using empirical wavelet transform
Authors: Kamble Saurabh , Thote Pankaj , Rathore Chandrakant , Marothiya Anirudha
Published: April 2019

This article proposes a relatively new methodology named empirical wavelet transform (EWT) to analyse various power quality (PQ) indices of current and voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) in a power system. EWT provides information in frequency as well as time domain; however, Fourier transform gives information in frequency domain only. This makes EWT more powerful technique compared with conventional techniques. PQ indices such as RMS value of voltage and current, active power and harmonic pollution are analysed with different loading conditions. The proposed approach is simulated on MATLAB environment which is analysed using real‐time signal. The results obtained are compared with discrete wavelet transform (DWT), wavelet packet transform (WPT), and the actual value. It is noted that the EWT produces a better result than DWT and WPT in terms of percentage error.
Hybrid indoor location positioning system
Authors: Li Shuo , Rashidzadeh Rashid
Published: April 2019

Indoor location positioning techniques have experienced a significant growth in recent years. This work presents a hybrid indoor positioning system with fine and coarse modes. It utilises acoustic signals for fine positioning and received signal strength (RSS) for coarse location estimation. Acoustic positioning systems require a line‐of‐sight connection for accurate positioning which may not be available due to obstacles in indoor environments. A new solution is presented to overcome this problem using RSS as a reference to validate the line‐of‐sight connection. Moreover, a new digital signal processing algorithm using a matched filter is presented to enhance the system's robustness in indoor environments with low a signal‐to‐noise ratio. Experimental measurement results in an indoor environment show that the proposed solution can accurately determine indoor locations with <6 cm positioning error on average.
Numerical investigations of convective phenomena of oil impingement on end‐windings
Authors: Connor Peter H. , La Rocca Antonino , Xu Zeyuan , Eastwick Carol N. , Pickering Stephen J. , Gerada Chris
Published: April 2019

A novel experimental rig for analysing intensive liquid cooling of highly power‐dense electrical machine components has been developed. Coupled fluid flow and heat transfer have been modelled, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), to inform the design of a purpose‐built enclosure for optimising the design of submerged oil jet cooling approaches for electrical machine stators. The detailed modelling methodology presented in this work demonstrates the value in utilising CFD as a design tool for oil‐cooled electrical machines. The predicted performance of the final test enclosure design is presented, as well as examples of the sensitivity studies which helped to develop the design. The sensitivity of jet flow on resulting heat transfer coefficients has been calculated, while ensuring parasitic pressure losses are minimised. The CFD modelling will be retrospectively validated using experimental measurements from the test enclosure.
High‐voltage pulse generator using sequentially charged full‐bridge modular multilevel converter Sub‐modules, for water treatment applications
Authors: Elgenedy Mohamed A. , Massoud Ahmed , Holliday Derrick , Ahmed Shehab , Williams Barry W.
Published: April 2019

This paper proposes a new high‐voltage pulse generator (PG) fed from a low‐voltage DC supply Vs, which charges one arm of N series‐connected full‐bridge (FB) modular multilevel converter (MMC) sub‐module (SM) capacitors sequentially, through a resistive‐inductive branch. By utilising FB‐SMs, the proposed PG is able to generate bipolar rectangular pulses of peak NVs and unipolar rectangular pulses of either polarity, at high repetition rates. Asymmetrical pulses are also possible. The proposed topology is assessed via simulation and scaled‐down experimentation, which establish the viability of the topology for water treatment applications.
Novel 24‐slots14‐poles fractional‐slot concentrated winding topology with low‐space harmonics for electrical machine
Authors: Zhu Shaohong , Cox Tom , Xu Zeyuan , Gerada Chris
Published: April 2019

This paper proposes a novel winding layout for the electric machines with fractional‐slot concentrated windings (FSCW) using a stator shifting concept, with which all the non‐working harmonics can be completely cancelled or significantly reduced and the non‐overlapping winding can be kept. First, the basic winding layout with a 24‐slot 14‐pole machine to reduce the significant 1st sub‐harmonic will be presented for machines with single‐layer (SL) windings. From this, a novel double layer (DL) winding layout using the stator‐shifting concept will be introduced. By adopting two SL winding sets with a 105° mechanical angle shift with respect to each other, it is not necessary to use overlapping windings. With this configuration, the 1st sub‐harmonic will be completely cancelled and the parasitic 5th harmonic will be significantly reduced. Hence, the rotor losses, specifically magnet loss will be significantly reduced. Finally, two PM machines with different DL winding layout, namely, conventional 12‐slot 14‐pole and 24‐slot 14‐pole machine, will be designed and compared to validate the advantages of this winding topology.
A Conceptual Design and Numerical Analysis for a Small-Scale and Low-Cost Plastic Recycling Machine
Authors: Le Anh T. M. , Doan Hoang D. , Ngo Loc P. , Huynh Ly T. , Huynh Tuan N. , Phan Huy T. , Tran Thanh T.
Published: April 2019

A new conceptual design for a small-scale and low-cost plastic recycling machine is generated by combining melting part and compression process. Starting with one of the outstanding requirements is in terms of an affordable-priced machine that can perform two processes with high accuracy and capacity, some issues related to balancing among quality, capacity and cost of machine occurred during a discussion. After implementing various designing methods such as Quality Function Deployment, Reverse Engineering, Morphological Matrix and Pugh Method, an idea of final concept about using an electric oven and hydraulic system to melt down and compress plastic tile which has a dimension of 300x300x9 mm was created. The design of concept is divided into two parts which are mechanical and electrical systems. In a mechanical section, the technical drawing and simulation are made to see how machine performs under operation. Besides, we examined the forces that applied in the moulds to evaluate the strength of the system. In heating and electricity section, we chose electrical components, designed oven parameters and conducted the heating simulation on the mould. In addition, the heating and cooling time was calculated based on the principles of thermodynamics and heat transfer. Furthermore, the manufacturing plan is created to estimate the essential resources producing a certain number of heat-forming machines. In general, the machine needs to be prototyped for controlling its main function and finding practical issues. After that, some improvements could be made to enhance efficiency and increase capacity by designing an optimal mould to more heat absorb and reduce post process, calculate and design more efficient oven, create faster lock mechanism and other improvements for an automatizing machine.
Sliding mode control of biogas production by anaerobic digestion with addition of acetate
Authors: Zlateva Plamena
Published: April 2019

Biogas production by anaerobic digestion with addition of acetate is considered. Sliding mode control for regulation of the biogas flow rate using the addition of acetate as a control action is proposed. The control design is carried out with direct use of nonlinear model and expert knowledge. Chattering phenomena are avoided by realizing the sliding mode with respect to the control input derivative. The state variables, external disturbance, process output and control input are varied in the known intervals. The performance of the designed sliding mode control is investigated by varying the process set point and the uncertain process parameter, which reflecting the influence of the external disturbance. The excellent performance of presented control is proved through simulation investigations in MATLAB using Simulink.
Leaching of galena by regenerated ferric ion (Fe3+) via electro-oxidation
Authors: Yang Fan , Wang Ming-ming , Cao Zhan-fang , Wang Jing , Chen Pei , Wen Xin , Wang Shuai , Liu Guang-yi , Zhong Hong
Published: April 2019

In this paper, a cycle of Fe3+electro-oxidation regeneration and galena leaching with regenerated Fe3+has been established. The whole investigation can be divided into three parts, respectively. Fe3+regeneration, galena leaching with regenerated Fe3+, and the cycle of the two processes. In the first part, the relationship between the relevant parameters and Fe3+regeneration was investigated, and it has been revealed that the increases of anodic current density, Cl−concentration and H+concentration are beneficial to the Fe3+regeneration. With 95.5% Fe3+regeneration acquired, the appropriate regeneration conditions are determined as follows: Fe2+concentration = 0.4 mol/L, Cl−concentration = 3 mol/L, H+concentration = 4 mol/L, anodic current density = 1789 A/m2, initial Fe3+/ Fe2+ratio = 0, electric quantity = 3 Ah, agitation speed = 400 rpm. With galena leaching by regenerated Fe3+, the effects of temperature, S/L ratio and leaching time have been investigated, and the leaching rate of 87.3% can be realized in just 12 minutes under the optimized conditions that temperature = 90 °C, S/L ratio = 40 g/L, agitation speed = 600 rpm. In the last part, the cycle of Fe3+regeneration-galena leaching was tested, the comparison of the results from the two groups of experiments, in which the supply of H+after Fe3+regeneration was provided in one group, yet not in the other, indicates that the electro-oxidation regeneration of Fe3+is at the expense of the consumption of H+and the cycle could run stably with acquiring satisfying regeneration percentage and leaching rate if the H+provided.
L’hypnose dans les traitements d’orthodontie
Authors: Pailler Evane
Published: April 2019

Introduction :Après avoir été évincée des hôpitaux faute de preuves scientifiques de son efficacité, l’hypnose médicale revient sur le devant de la scène grâce aux neurosciences et à l’imagerie médicale qui ont montré sa spécificité. L’engouement est réel, s’ouvrent les portes des services de médecine, de chirurgie, jusqu’à celles de nos cabinets d’orthodontie.Matériels et méthodes :Cet article définit l’hypnose, ses différents niveaux et techniques d’utilisation et explore le champ des applications possibles dans les traitements d’orthodontie.Discussion :L’hypnose intervient dès le premier échange avec le patient et peut être utile et thérapeutique à chaque étape du processus. Il est intéressant de la considérer comme un soin à part entière dans notre discipline pour traiter plus efficacement les parafonctions et la dysfonction linguale.
La passion de l’ignorance
Authors: Calvora Robert
Published: April 2019

Tout comme la notion de débile, la notion de dégénéré n’a plus cours. Cet effacement intervient dans le passage des discours orientés explicitement sur la positivité des différences. Mais ce passage s’effectue dans l’oubli de la psychanalyse et de son insistance sur ce qui fait dissonance dans le sujet. Nous avons donc essayé de les approcher sous l’angle de la passion de l’ignorance tout en les confrontant à l’aspiration égalitaire qui semble avoir pris une position radicalement opposée. Car ces deux positions semblent ne se soucier que du même et se détournent de l’absence portée par le langage. Toutes les deux poursuivent l’inassimilable de la différence, les unes en affirmant se saisir de ce qui ne cesse de ne pas s’écrire, les autres par la dilution de la différence en multipliant les diverses facettes du même. Toutes les deux participent d’un humanisme que la psychanalyse ne peut pas suivre car il exclut l’altérité.
Maud Mannoni, Françoise Dolto : Regards sur la débilité
Authors: Douville Olivier , Saladin Catherine
Published: April 2019

Comment cette notion de débilité peut-elle être entendue par les psychanalystes ? Les éclairages de Maud Mannoni et de Françoise Dolto, toujours actuels, peuvent à travers leurs conceptions théoriques guider notre clinique Toutes deux ont appliqué la psychanalyse avec ces enfants dits débiles. Cela nous amène à questionner aujourd’hui la façon dont on s’occupe de ces enfants.
Leo Kanner, « Les problèmes de comportement »
Authors: El-Khattabi Séloua
Published: April 2019

Traduction deDélinquancede Leo Kanner.

En 1935, Leo Kanner publieChild Psychiatry(Psychiatrie de l’enfant) dont est tiré le chapitre ci-dessous qui nous dévoile un Leo Kanner clinicien de et dans la cité de cette première moitié du XXesiècle au plus près de la cause des enfants. Il se pose la question de savoir comment la société peut et doit accueillir la délinquance; après une longue revue de la littérature de son époque, il défend l’idée que la délinquance concerne au plus près le pédopsychiatre et que son rôle (à côté de tout l’appareil judiciaire) est de trouver avec l’enfant ou le jeune ce qu’il appellera à la suite de Plant le « casual breakdown ». Il s’agit de repérer avec l’enfant ce qui a fait événement subjectif et qui a déterminé les actes par la suite. C’est une approche psychodynamique qu’il soutient très finement dans ce chapitre de la Section 3 de son grand manuel de pédopsychiatrieChild Psychiatry.
La hâte et la halte : deux sœurs qui peuvent se donner la main et… construire du souple ?
Authors: Hessel Michel
Published: April 2019

Ce témoignage inscrit une très ancienne question de son auteur : comment accompagner les désordres et désynchronisations du travail d’apprivoiser la vie ? Les diableries du quotidien contraignent volontiers à faire le choix de « prisons d’invention » : à mi-chemin entre la « norme mâle » (addiction aux postiches des figures imposées de l’imaginaire) et le gouffre vorace de la mélancolie. Les pathologies du rythme, du caractère, du rapport aux usages sociaux, de confusion des scènes et de rituels chiffrés sont des prisons d’invention. Par le truchement d’une discipline qu’inspire un bon sens fou, la psychanalyse traduit des souffles en lettre, au seuil de l’acte de dire. L’art est alors de donner la primeur à l’inédit. Psychothérapeute agnostique, le psychanalyste éprouve dans sa chair un « éprouver-avec-les-mots » qui croise un « dire-en-parole-vive ». C’est un pari d’au moins trois partenaires que de construire le bâti d’une nouvelle moisson de désir, qui impose le choix de la Vie, avec son intranquillité nécessaire.
Bandscheibenregeneration – Konzepte und Ergebnisse
Authors: Hegewald Aldemar
Published: April 2019

Narrative Übersichtsarbeit zu regenerativen Therapiestrategien bei degenerativen Bandscheibenerkrankungen. Bisher publizierte klinische Studien und deren Ergebnisse werden vorgestellt und diskutiert. Biologische Therapiekonzepte, Probleme und aktuelle Entwicklungen werden erläutert.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Best Norman
Published: April 2019

wenn Sie dieses Heft in den Händen halten, sind es nur noch wenige Tage bis zum 4. Mai. Manche (viele?) Menschen begehen diesen Tag als „StarWars-Tag“. Es gibt Quellen, die behaupten, dass erstmals vor nunmehr 40 Jahren die Abschiedsformel der Jedi auf den 4. Mai hinweist. „Möge die Macht mit Dir sein“ lässt George Lucas seine Jedi-Protagonisten sagen. Die geheimnisvolle Macht der Jedi.
Ist die ultraschallgesteuerte Dialyseshuntpunktion für Pflegekräfte unverzichtbar?
Authors: Spindler Beate
Published: April 2019

Die Punktion großlumiger Gefäße ohne Bildgebung gilt heute in der Intensivmedizin bereits als Kunstfehler. Da keine Kontraindikationen der ultraschallgestützten Punktion bekannt sind, ist der Einsatz dieser Technik bei der Shuntpunktion nur konsequent. Die korrekte Technik kann durch intensive Schulungen und Übungen erlernt werden. Diese sind für eine Akzeptanz im Team sowie für erfolgreiche Punktionen essenziell.
Sechsjähriger Flüchtling vorgestellt wegen „starker Körperbehaarung“
Authors: Ackermann P. , Woelfle J. , Gohlke B.
Published: April 2019

Ein nach Deutschland immigrierter Junge wird im Alter von 6 Jahren vorgestellt, weil er zu viel Körperhaare hätte und bereits rasiert werden müsse. Der festgestellte Großwuchs und die (Pseudo-)Pubertas präcox legen die dringende Verdachtsdiagnose eines „Adrenogenitalen Syndroms“ nahe. Dies wird durch weitere Untersuchungen bestätigt und eine entsprechende Therapie begonnen. Durch die späte Diagnose war es bereits zu einer deutlichen Knochenalterakzeleration gekommen, sodass die Endlänge des Jungen deutlich reduziert sein wird.