bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initiation of pharmacotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder among veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan: a dimensional, symptom cluster approach
Authors: Harpaz-Rotem Ilan , Rosenheck Robert , Mohamed Somaia , Pietrzak Robert , Hoff Rani
Published: September 2016

Background

The pharmacological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is extremely challenging, as no specific agent has been developed exclusively to treat this disorder. Thus, there are growing concerns among the public, providers and consumers associated with its use as the efficacy of some agents is still in question.

Aims

We applied a dimensional and symptom cluster-based approach to better understand how the heterogeneous phenotypic presentation of PTSD may relate to the initiation of pharmacotherapy for PTSD initial episode.

Method

US veterans who served in the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan and received an initial PTSD diagnosis at the US Veterans Health Administration between 2008 and 2011 were included in this study. Veterans were followed for 365 days from initial PTSD diagnosis to identify initiation for antidepressants, anxiolytics/sedatives/hypnotics, antipsychotics and prazosin. Multivariable analyses were used to assess the relationship between the severity of unique PTSD symptom clusters and receiving prescriptions from each medication class, as well as the time from diagnosis to first prescription.

Results

Increased severity of emotional numbing symptoms was independently associated with the prescription of antidepressants, and they were prescribed after a substantially shorter period of time than other medications. Anxiolytics/sedatives/hypnotics prescription was associated with heightened re-experiencing symptoms and sleep difficulties. Antipsychotics were associated with elevated re-experiencing and numbing symptoms and prazosin with reported nightmares.

Conclusions

Prescribing practices for military-related PTSD appear to follow US VA/DoD clinical guidelines. Results of this study suggest that a novel dimensional and symptom cluster-based approach to classifying the phenotypic presentation of military-related PTSD symptoms may help inform prescribing patterns for PTSD.
GADL1variant and medication adherence in predicting response to lithium maintenance treatment in bipolar I disorder
Authors: Chen Chih-Ken , Lee Chau-Shoun , Chen Hsuan-Yu , Wu Lawrence Shih-Hsin , Chang Jung-Chen , Liu Chia-Yih , Cheng Andrew Tai-Ann
Published: September 2016

Background

Genetic variants and medication adherence have been identified to be the main factors contributing to lithium treatment response in bipolar disorders.

Aims

To simultaneously examine effects of variant glutamate decarboxylase-like protein 1 (GADL1) and medication adherence on response to lithium maintenance treatment in Han Chinese patients with bipolar I (BPI) disorder.

Method

Frequencies of manic and depressive episodes between carriers and non-carriers of the effectiveGADL1rs17026688 T allele during the cumulative periods of off-lithium, poor adherence to lithium treatment and good adherence to lithium treatment were compared in Han Chinese patients with BPI disorder (n= 215).

Results

GADL1rs17026688 T carriers had significantly lower frequencies of recurrent affective episodes than non-T carriers during the cumulative period of good adherence, but not during those of poor adherence.

Conclusions

GADL1rs17026688 and medication adherence jointly predict response to lithium maintenance treatment in Han Chinese BPI patients.
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Bhatt Vijaya Raj , Steensma David P.
Published: September 2016

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) offers the only potential cure for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, with current approaches to HCT, many older patients with comorbidities are poor HCT candidates, and treatment-related morbidity and mortality may offset benefit for patients with lower-risk disease. Consequently, selection of patients with MDS for HCT should take into consideration disease risk category including mutational status, HCT comorbidity index, functional status, donor options, and available institutional resources. Formal geriatric assessment may further guide use of HCT and, if HCT is chosen, selection of conditioning intensity. Patients with higher-risk MDS should be considered for HCT at the time of diagnosis, whereas expectant nontransplant management is more appropriate for those with lower-risk disease. A high blast burden at the time of HCT increases the risk of subsequent relapse; however, the role of pretransplant cytoreductive therapy and the regimen of choice remain controversial. Patients with MDS younger than 65 years and with an HCT comorbidity index ≤ 4 may benefit from more intense conditioning regimens. The presence of complex or monosomal karyotype or mutations in TP53, DNMT3A, or other genes identify patients with poorer outcomes following HCT. Patients with TP53 mutations have particularly poor survival, and should be enrolled in clinical trials whenever possible. Several important HCT studies are ongoing and will better define the role of HCT in MDS as well as the value of pretransplant cytoreductive therapy or post-transplant relapse-prevention strategies. Given the apparent underuse of HCT in eligible patients and low enrollment in MDS HCT clinical trials to date, timely referral of patients with MDS to such trials and HCT programs is critical.
Current and Evolving Therapies for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: Are We Stuck With Cytotoxic Chemotherapy?
Authors: Varadhachary Gauri R. , Wolff Robert A.
Published: September 2016

At present, front-line therapy for metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is combination chemotherapy, most commonly FOLFIRINOX (fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) or gemcitabine and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel. Despite a better understanding of the genomic landscape and the importance of the tumor microenvironment, we have not made a seismic shift in the overall survival for this disease. Given our growing understanding of the biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the question remains whether novel, noncytotoxic agents will augment or even replace conventional chemotherapy. The thrust of ongoing efforts can be divided into broad categories, including exploiting the DNA damage repair phenotype, stroma and specific pathway–targeting agents, and enhancing immune destruction of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In this article, we review the current and evolving therapeutic landscape of metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Evolution of the Management of Resectable Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Tsai Susan , Erickson Beth A. , Dua Kulwinder , Ritch Paul S. , Tolat Parag , Evans Douglas B.
Published: September 2016

In pancreatic cancer, as with many other solid tumors, a commonly held surgical adage—a chance to cut is a chance to cure—has been promulgated throughout the years. Following such reasoning, surgical extirpation of a localized tumor would prevent tumor dissemination and metastatic tumor progression. However, decades of surgical experience have demonstrated that surgical resection alone provides a limited median survival benefit. Despite the optimization of surgical technique and perioperative management over the past three decades, little progress has been made to improve the limited survival of patients with localized pancreatic cancer who receive surgery. In this article, we discuss the rationale for a novel management strategy for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, which may improve patient selection and the delivery of multimodality therapy.
The Econometrics of Matching Models
Authors: Chiappori Pierre-André , Salanié Bernard
Published: September 2016

Many questions in economics can be fruitfully analyzed in the framework of matching models. Until recently, empirical work has lagged far behind theory in this area. This review reports on recent developments that have considerably expanded the range of matching models that can be taken to the data. A leading theme is that in such two-sided markets, knowing the observable characteristics of partners alone is not enough to credibly identify the relevant parameters. A combination of richer data and robust, theory-driven restrictions is required. We illustrate this on leading applications. (JEL C57, C78)
Understanding African Poverty Over the Longue Durée: A Review of Africa’s Development in Historical Perspective
Authors: McMillan Margaret
Published: September 2016

The sixteen essays edited and synthesized by Emmanuel Akyeampong, Robert H. Bates, Nathan Nunn, and James A. Robinson contribute significantly to our understanding of the following questions: (1) When did Africa become poor?; (2) Why did Africa become poor?; and (3) Why has Africa remained poor? Although these questions are impossible to answer in a definitive way, the partial explanations offered in this book are insightful and thought provoking and are summarized in this article. However, they also rest primarily on economic and political arguments. The importance of geography, which is mostly not explored in these essays, is reviewed in the final section of this article. (JEL F54, I32, J11, N17, N37, N47, O10)
Review of Making Money: Coin, Currency, and the Coming of Capitalism by Christine Desan
Authors: Roberds William
Published: September 2016

In the eighteenth century, the Bank of England revolutionized money through its large-scale introduction of circulating banknotes. The consequences of this revolution are felt even today. In Making Money: Coin, Currency, and the Coming of Capitalism, Christine Desan argues that this legendary transformation was not a one-off event, but a culmination of long-standing trends within the English monetary tradition. This review concedes Desan’s point, but calls attention to other factors that were equally critical to the Bank’s success: exceptional business and political acumen, active suppression of competitors, and lots of good luck. The importance of these factors is evidenced by the failure of attempted copycat institutions in other countries. (JEL E42, E58, G21, N13, N23, P16)
THE INFLUENCE OF SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL CLUSTERS ON THE REPRODUCTION OF THE INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL OF YOUNG PEOPLE
Authors: Муслимов  , Muslimov Nestan
Published: September 2016

In the article the urgency of creation of scientific-educational clusters for the reproduction of the intellectual potential of young people. The basic conditions of reproduction of the intellectual potential on the basis of social partnership between educational institutions, students, employers and government. A clear advantage of the formation of scientific-educational clusters for the reproduction of intellectual potential is a factor in increasing the attractiveness of higher education institutions that will be manifested in the guarantee of efficiency of vocational education on the part of students, employment of graduates, opportunities for multiple professions with one expert, which will give an opportunity to increase access to different types of economic activities for young people. At the same time, reduces terms of vocational training, reduced financial costs of training, increased the chances of employment of students on their chosen profession.
REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA & SAÚDE EM 2012: NOVA GESTÃO E NOVOS OBJETIVOS
Authors: Florindo Alex Antonio , Rombaldi Airton José , Barros Mauro Virgílio Gomes de
Published: September 2016

EDITORIAL
A EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO BRASIL EM TRANSIÇÃO: PERSPECTIVAS PARA A PROMOÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA
Authors: Costa Filipe Ferreira da , Garcia Leandro Martin Totaro , Nahas Markus Vinicius
Published: September 2016

O padrão de morbimortalidade no Brasil contemporâneo é caracterizado pelas altas prevalênciasde doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi situar o papel da atividadefísica neste padrão de morbimortalidade, contextualizando o conceito de “Transiçãoda Atividade Física” e discutindo a contribuição da Educação Física na promoção da atividadefísica e saúde. Parece evidente que houve redução no nível de atividade física nos domíniosocupacional, deslocamento e doméstico, em contrapartida à estabilização ou incremento nodomínio do lazer. A inserção da Educação Física no Sistema Único de Saúde e as ações governamentaisde promoção de atividade física são promissoras e necessitam de avaliação. Aescola constitui contexto privilegiado para alcançar os jovens, além de seus familiares e dosmoradores de seu entorno. Por fi m, à Educação Física tem sido atribuída uma maior participaçãona promoção da saúde dos brasileiros, tanto por meio de ações no contexto da comunidadecomo na escola.
QUALITY OF LIFE OF PEOPLE WHO PRACTICE BALLROM DANCE
Authors: Machado Zenite , Santos Gabriella Roberta dos , Guimarães Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo , Fernandes Sabrina , Soares Amanda
Published: September 2016

The transversal cut study aimed to investigate the quality of life in ballroom dancepractitioners in Florianopolis – SC. The sample was composed of 402 subjects aged 21to 83 years, who use to attend ballroom dance classes. In order to perform the study,a questionnaire was carried out, which consists of four parts: personal identifi cation,socioeconomic status, dance practice and quality of life (assessed by means ofthe WHOQOL BREF Questionnaire). After carrying the study out it is observed thatballroom dance is searched by individuals in diff erent ages, particularly the youngerunmarried ones belonging to an upperclass. Ballroom dance seems to be an instrumentfor improving/managing quality of life on the four diff erent domains (physical,psychological, social and environmental). By means of Spearman’s correlation thequality of life domain are associated to certain characteristics from which the mostrelevant were the participation in another activity (physical, psychological, social andenvironmental), the age (physical and environmental), the practice time (physical andsocial), and aspects of ballroom dance practice (physical). Furthermore, associationsbetween physical, social, and environmental domains were found. The psychologicaldomain is associated with the social one, and the environmental, is also associated withthe psychological and social domains.
ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E SAÚDE NOS PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO NO BRASIL: BREVE ANÁLISE A PARTIR DE TOMAS KUHN
Authors: Loch Mathias Roberto
Published: September 2016

O objetivo deste ponto de vista foi refl etir sobre a “Atividade Física e Saúde” no Brasil, especialmente nos programas de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu, apoiado nas idéias de Tomas Kuhn.Buscando elementos empíricos para dar suporte ao ponto de vista, investigou-se a descrição das áreas de concentração e linhas de pesquisa em “Atividade Física e Saúde” (ou denominações semelhantes) dos Programas de mestrado e doutorado em Educação Física, Ciências da Atividade Física, Ciências da Motricidade e Ciências do Movimento Humano. O texto foi dividido em três partes: na primeira fez-se uma breve introdução à obra de Kuhn, especifi camente sobreas observações do autor de como se dá o processo de desenvolvimento científico. Na segunda são apresentadas algumas refl exões sobre a situação da “Atividade Física e Saúde” no Brasil, principalmente a partir da constatação da heterogeneidade da descrição das áreas de concentração ou linhas de pesquisa em “Atividade Física e Saúde” dos Programas de Pós-Graduação investigados. Enquanto existem programas mais identifi cados com as ciências biológicas, outros parecem fundamentalmente buscar o entendimento das questões comportamentais e sociaisligadas à atividade física. Por fi m, busca-se a síntese de algumas questões discutidas ao longo do trabalho. Espera-se que este texto demonstre que existe na “Atividade Física e Saúde” uma interessante possibilidade de convivência entre diferentes olhares, que pode inclusive fazer com que a área cresça de maneira mais sólida. Por outro lado, reconhecer e lidar com estas diferençasirá exigir maturidade e representa ainda um importante desafio.
Working together for a smooth transition
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: September 2016

In the first of two articles on transition, Matt Bromley looks at the five bridges of school life that we must focus on if pupils are to make a successful journey from year 6 to 7
Maintaining a watertight safeguarding system
Authors: Christian Ann Marie
Published: September 2016

Safeguarding is one of the most important responsibilities facing schools. Anne Marie Christian runs through her checklist for ensuring that your approach is watertight
Common traits of success
Authors: McLean Colin
Published: September 2016

What are the common approaches used by every successful primary headteacher – the constants of successful school leadership? Colin McLean offers his thoughts
Research roundup: September 2016
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: September 2016

In brief

The risk of epilepsy is higher in children born to women who took antidepressants during, and immediately before, pregnancy compared with those who did not Several prescription and over-the-counter topical drugs and certain cosmetics can cause contact allergy. Corticosteroid allergy, in particular, might be underrecognised and misattributed to treatment failure Abuse of prescription drugs is common, especially among certain groups of people, such as those with a history of ‘serious’ psychiatric ‘distress’, sexually transmitted diseases, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or infection with human immunodeficiency virus
Pharmacology and prescribing of paracetamol: an update
Authors: Bennett Stephen
Published: September 2016

This article will examine the uses and mechanisms of a widely-used and useful analgesic—paracetamol. Consideration will also be given to how it may be encountered in clinical practice and points necessary for its safe use. Also known as acetaminophen or APAP, paracetamol is one of the best-known analgesics. It was first synthesised in 1873 and is the pharmacologically-active metabolic product of the older, more toxic, prototypical analgesics, phenacetin and acetanilide. It has been widely-used for over 70 years and has a good safety record when the recommended dosing instructions are adhered to. In addition to being used on prescription, it is a component in a huge number of well-known over-the-counter preparations including medications for colds, menstrual pain, migraine headaches and many more. This article aims to give the reader a good grounding in the pharmacology and features of this common pain killer.
La configuración didáctica de las estrategias de enseñanza con Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en las prácticas pedagógicas de las ingenierías
Authors: Astudillo Torres Martha Patricia
Published: September 2016

En este artículo se explica la configuración didáctica de las estrategias de enseñanza con Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) que diseña y pone en práctica el profesorado de educación superior en su práctica educativa, con el objetivo de facilitar los contenidos curriculares de tres asignaturas pertenecientes a las carreras de Ingeniería civil e Ingeniería ambiental de las dos instituciones de educación superior más importantes del estado de Chiapas, México. De igual forma, se expone una categorización de estrategias de enseñanza con TIC surgida a partir del estudio etnográfico llevado a cabo en estas universidades mexicanas.
Las redes sociales y la educación superior: Las actitudes de los estudiantes universitarios hacia el uso educativo de las redes sociales, de nuevo a examen
Authors: González Martínez Juan , LleixÀ Fortuño Mar , Espuny Vidal Cinta
Published: September 2016

En un contexto en que las redes sociales siguen avanzando en su uso social, este estudio se propone investigar acerca de las actitudes de los estudiantes universitarios hacia el uso educativo de las redes sociales. Por medio de un cuestionario, se interroga a una muestra (N=141) de estudiantes de nuevo acceso sobre su conocimiento y su uso de las redes sociales, en la vida personal y académica. Los principales resultados certifican que los estudiantes usan mucho las redes sociales en la vida personal pero no en la vida académica, en parte debido a la falta de iniciativa de los profesores en su uso. En cualquier caso, no se observan grandes reservas en el alumnado acerca de la bondad de su incorporación, y las actitudes son generalmente mejores que las documentados en estudios previos. Por lo tanto, podemos proceder a incorporar las redes sociales en la vida universitaria con normalidad.
La socialización como proceso clave en la gestión del conocimiento
Authors: García-Peñalvo Francisco José
Published: September 2016

El editorial de este segundo número del volumen 17, correspondiente al año 2016, está dedicado al proceso de la socialización en la gestión del conocimiento para complementar la sección especial sobre Redes Sociales y Educación.
Sobre la necesidad de desconectar: algunos datos y propuestas
Authors: Naval Concepción , Serrano-Puche Javier , Sádaba Charo , Arbués Elena
Published: September 2016

Si algo caracteriza la sociedad de la información en la que vivimos es la invasión tecnológica y la necesidad de conectividad permanente, especialmente entre los jóvenes. Estos y otros rasgos configuran la era de la hiperconectividad (Reig y Vílchez, 2013). Ante esta realidad hay quien advierte entre los usuarios cierta fatiga tecnológica, por lo que, desde diversos ámbitos, se empieza a considerar la necesidad de repensar la aproximación tecnológica, de recapacitar sobre los efectos que la tecnológica tiene en nuestras vidas. Su apuesta es la desconexión digital, propuesta que puede enmarcarse dentro de una corriente más amplia, el movimiento slow, que aboga por un estilo de vida más pausado (Honoré, 2004). No se trata de eliminar por completo la vida online, sino de instaurar períodos regulares de desconexión digital para cultivar la comunicación cara a cara; abogando por el desarrollo de un ocio que, en parte, prescinda de las tecnologías digitales y por una recuperación de las fronteras entre el tiempo laboral y el de descanso (Wajcman et al., 2009). En este trabajo ahondamos en la literatura académica y divulgativa que aborda esta cuestión y nos referimos a diversas investigaciones, tanto teóricas como empíricas. Desde un punto de vista educativo señalamos como, en la actualidad, la educación mediática y el impulso de la competencia digital es una prioridad de los sistemas educativos y de los principales organismos internacionales (Kubey, 2003; Martens 2010). Es fundamental que los ciudadanos aprendan los nuevos lenguajes, adquieran la capacidad de discernir y de valorar críticamente la gran cantidad de medios e información disponible y realicen un uso seguro de ellos. Quizá convenga considerar, como un componente sustancial de la competencia digital, el aprender a desconectar, para conectar de otro modo.
Desafios da Gestão na Saúde: Possíveis Contribuições da Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho.
Authors: Moreira Gina Lorena Carvalho Barboza , Silva Susanne Pinheiro Costa e
Published: September 2016

O estudo objetivou desvelar possibilidades de contribuições da Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho (POT) para a gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foi realizada revisão da literatura através de 15 artigos publicados nas bases de dados Scielo e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) na língua portuguesa principalmente nos últimos 07(sete) anos referentes à POT e as principais dificuldades enfrentadas por Gestores da Saúde. Dos quais 09(nove) foram utilizados. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a atuação do psicólogo é de grande importância, pois o Psicólogo Organizacional possui habilidades técnicas que, somadas ao conhecimento da equipe administrativa, tende a uma administração mais eficaz. Com a ajuda dele, a organização poderá oferecer aos seus colaboradores um ambiente melhor e soluções aos problemas organizacionais, fazendo com que os funcionários possam sentir-se mais motivados para desempenhar bem suas tarefas, além de dar assistência nos recrutamentos, na gestão e no desenvolvimento dos Recursos Humanos no cumprimento da missão, objetivos e no progresso das organizações. Descritores: Psicólogo Organizacional, Gestão da Saúde, Administração do SUS
Saberes e representações de vulnerabilidade para DST/HIV/AIDS por jovens universitárias
Authors: Silva Susanne Pinheiro Costa e , Silva Thaís Brito da , Rocha Thaíse De Araújo , Guisande Tatiana Carla Carvalho Amorim , Cardoso Andressa De Macêdo , Gomes Jéssica Lopes , Miranda Hadassa Claudino , Luz Renata Clésia Viana da , Guisande Maria Thereza Carvalho Rodriguez
Published: September 2016

Este estudo objetivou identificar saberes e representações sociais de mulheres estudantes de graduação de universidade pública acerca da vulnerabilidade para DST/HIV/Aids. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa com 271 respondentes que satisfizessem tais critérios de inclusão: sexo feminino; idade entre 18 e 24 anos; estar regularmente matriculada em determinada instituição durante o período de coleta. Utilizou-se questionário semiestruturado, analisado pelos softwares SPSS, EVOC e análise de conteúdo. As representações ancoravam-se na ideia de que pessoas pobres, frágeis, muito jovens e que adotavam comportamentos ditos inadequados é que estariam vulneráveis, objetivando grupos de risco como àqueles que estariam suscetíveis a tais doenças. 77,1% utilizavam métodos contraceptivos, embora apenas 9,6% das mulheres utilizassem o preservativo. Mesmo sabendo relativamente sobre as DST e sua prevenção, adotavam certos comportamentos de risco em suas vivências. Conclui-se que as representações podem embasar tais práticas, já que vulnerável parece ser somente aquele diferente, que não faz parte do “eu”.
Surdez e Escolarização: Língua, Subjetividade e Alfabetização
Authors: Mota Lauro Araújo
Published: September 2016

O presente trabalho é resultado de um conjunto de discussões e reflexões que vêm sendo realizadas pelo autor sobre questões relacionadas aos processos de produção da surdez,envolvendo aspectos como a constituição da subjetividade, o uso da língua de sinais e as possibilidades de letramentos e alfabetização, bem como as várias semioses que podem ser utilizadas pelos/com os surdos na escola. O objetivo do trabalho foi refletir sobre a condição de surdez e problematizar como ela implica e mobiliza o campo escolar. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi embasada nos trabalhos de Souza (2006), Martins (2006), Nascimento e Lima (2015), Solé (2005), Luz (2013). As discussões centram-se, num primeiro momento no papel da linguagem (falar e ouvir mais especificamente) na constituição da subjetividade das crianças surdas, e posteriormente abordamos aspectos relacionados à escolarização dos surdos sob o viés da leitura e da escrita e a necessidade de utilização de outras semioses para assegurar a aprendizagem dos alunos surdos.
Bullying e sua relação com o suicídio na adolescência
Authors: Barbosa Ana Karoline Lôbo , Brasileiro Thereza Denise Luna Parente , Bezerra Martha Maria Macedo , Maranhão Thercia Lucena Grangeiro
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo faz uma análise sobre o fenômeno bullying e sua relação com o suicídio em adolescentes. Para tanto, verifica-se conceitos sobre o fenômeno que podem levar jovens a cometer suicídio e sua relação com a autoestima na adolescência. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar o fenômeno bullying e sua relação com o suicídio, assim como estudar causas que podem levar jovens ao suicídio e também analisar a relação entre bullying, autoestima e suicídio na adolescência. A pesquisa deste artigo foi de ordem qualitativa, baseada em livros e artigos científicos. Contudo, conclui-se que o bullying é um fenômeno que acontece em todo o mundo, que suas consequências são graves, atingindo principalmente a autoestima da vítima e que casos de suicídio entre adolescentes envolvendo este fenômeno estão crescendo. A pesquisa não pretende esgotar as discussões sobre o tema, mas contribuir e trazer evidências sobre o assunto valorizando suas articulações.
Textos religiosos e práticas cotidianas: leitura de aspectos simbólicos da Irmandade de Penitentes Peregrinos Públicos – Juazeiro do Norte-CE
Authors: Carvalho Anna Christina Farias de , Nascimento Maria Cristina Delmondes , Batista Miriam Delmondes , Oliveira Gislene Farias de
Published: September 2016

Neste artigo discutimos, a partir da análise de dois textos religiosos, as relações que se estabelecem entre a cosmovisão de um grupo religioso do Cariri cearense – Irmandade de Penitentes Peregrinos Público – em seus aspectos simbólicos, e os textos Machadinha de Noé e Missão Abreviada. Pretendeu-se enfatizar os aspectos que dizem respeito à concepção de mundo dos integrantes da referida irmandade e suas práticas cotidianas. A metodologia utilizada foi a História oral, através de entrevistas, história de vida e observação direta. Concluímos que os escritos referidos se revelaram textos fundantes das práticas e manifestações religiosas do grupo, normalizadores das práticas sociais e promotores da coesão grupal através da noção de pertencimento.
Stress–Strain–Electrical Evolution Properties and Damage-Evolution Equation of Lateritic Soil Under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Bai W. , Kong L.-W. , Guo A.-G. , Lin R.-B.
Published: September 2016

Finding an internal variable that characterizes the effects of change in the mesoscopic structure of soil and can be nondestructively measured simultaneously with stress and strain during the entire compressive process is an intriguing problem for geotechnical engineers and researchers. In this study, the geoelectrical resistivity technique, combined with a mechanical test, was applied to explore the stress–strain–electrical evolution properties of lateritic soil during the entire process of uniaxial compression. Complete testing data were obtained for the stress–strain and resistivity–strain curves. Results show that both curves for each specimen were identified by six distinct stages. The effects of initial water content and dry density were analyzed and indicated that soil failure patterns and initial electrical resistivity are significantly influenced by the initial water content. The initial electrical resistivity of lateritic soil decreases when the dry density increases. Electrical resistivity was regarded as an internal variable to characterize information on damage change. Damage-evolution equations were proposed; these equations include three variables, namely, stress, strain, and electrical resistance, as well as data-fitting parameters (c, d and β).
Modeling and Prediction of the Air Permeability of Fabrics Based on the Support Vector Machine
Authors: Wu F. , Yu E. , Yu P. , Zhang K. , Song Z.
Published: September 2016

Air permeability is an important index of textiles and has a significant effect on the quality of the fabric. Thus, the air permeability measured by the air permeability tester plays an important role in the textile industry. However, the accuracy of the tester is determined by prediction model precision. A new prediction model for air permeability based on the support vector machine (SVM) was presented in the paper, which can improve the measurement precision and stability of the tester. Three groups of measured open data were used to verify the validity of the model. For each group, 27 samples were used as training data to create the support vector machine regression (SVR) model. The mean square error (MSE) and the correlation coefficient (R) were introduced to evaluate the model. For the selected 3#, 4#, and 6# nozzles, the R values of the SVM regression model (Model 1) were 0.9988, 0.9992, and 0.9995, respectively, whereas for the traditional power function (Model 2), those were 0.9938, 0.9951, and 0.9898, respectively, indicating Model 1 has better correlation and agreement. In addition, the MSE values of Model 1 were 2.3978, 1.5186, and 0.9314, respectively, whereas for Model 2, those were 11.2558, 9.2485, and 36.5991, respectively. As a result, the performance of Model 1 is superior to Model 2, and Model 1 has higher stability and generalization ability, meanwhile demonstrating that Model 1 is practical.
Simulation of Mesofracture Process of Asphalt Mixture Using Digital Image Processing and Extended Finite-Element Method
Authors: Zhang L. , Ren Z. , Lu Q.
Published: September 2016

This study combines the digital image processing (DIP) technique and extended finite-element method (XFEM) to analyze the crack initiation and propagation mechanism of an asphalt mixture in the indirect tensile test (IDT) at a mesoscopic level. Digital camera images (DCIs) of an asphalt mixture were used to generate mesoscale geometric information of the mixture structure, which was then processed by the free mesh generation technique to build a mesh model of the mixture mesostructure. By introducing a bilinear cohesive zone model (CZM) and the XFEM, the mesh model was used to simulate the complete failure process of the asphalt mixture in the IDT. After validation with laboratory test results and theoretical solutions, the model was used to investigate the crack initiation and propagation process and the stress distribution in the asphalt mixture. It was found that the developed finite-element model cannot only produce simulation results that are consistent with laboratory test results and theoretical solutions, but also provide detailed information, such as the stress distribution in between the aggregate and mastic. In the IDT, crack initiates in weak areas around the interface between asphalt mortar and aggregates. Multiple cracks would occur in the stress concentration areas, and then propagate along both ends at various rates. During crack propagation, crack width plays a leading role. Results of this study showed that the adopted mesostructure analysis method can overcome some shortcomings of conventional finite-element methods and, hence, may provide an effective way for improving the design of flexible pavements.
Effect of Heat Treatment and Surface Condition on Inter-Granular Corrosion of Alloy 800
Authors: Nayak I. K. , Rao S. V. R. , Kapoor K.
Published: September 2016

The alloy 800 is being used for steam generator tubings for pressurized heavy-water reactors (PHWRs). This material is susceptible to degradation because of severe operating conditions, like high temperature, stress, and corrosive environment. These degradation mechanisms include primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC), secondary side or outer diameter stress corrosion cracking (ODSCC), inter-granular corrosion (IGC), fretting, wear, denting, high cycle fatigue, corrosion fatigue, etc. The present study was conducted to analyze the effect of solution annealing temperatures, sensitization treatments, and surface conditions on the corrosion rate. The alloy 800 tubular samples were investigated by means of a conventional corrosion test (according to ASTM G28-02) and an electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) test. Susceptibility to inter-granular corrosion under various experimental parameters was examined by using both the test methods and the results are compared. The observed trends in corrosion rate obtained by using conventional method and EPR test were found to be similar. These results were used to obtain most optimum heat-treatment parameters and surface condition, which will yield best corrosion resistance.
Comercio y marketing internacional de Alejandro E. Lerma Kirchner y Enrique Márquez Castro: Análisis crítico
Authors: Avendaño Quesada Cristel
Published: September 2016

El presente documento pretende indagar el tema del comercio y marketing internacional desde el análisis crítico del libro Comercio y Marketing Internacional de Alejandro E. Lerma Kirchner y Enrique Márquez Castro. Lo anterior, en el marco de la posición estratégica que ocupa el comercio exterior en los países en desarrollo,  los cuales lo utilizan como medio para expandir sus economías y ocupar de esta manera una posición más competitiva en el ámbito internacional.Asimismo, pretende resaltar la importancia del conocimiento del marketing internacional en las economías en desarrollo, con el propósito de que estas puedan emplear con mayor éxito los planes de inserción a nuevos mercados
Relaciones internacionales y comercio internacional: Más que una correspondencia académica, un trato histórico
Authors: López Zuñiga Daniel
Published: September 2016

Un tema que se ha prestado para la discusión académica en Costa Rica y Latinoamérica en los últimos años ha sido la pertinencia del estudio de temáticas económicas y comerciales en las escuelas de relaciones internacionales. Por esto, se tiene una necesidad de realizar una revisióndel origen mismo de nuestra profesión. En este documento se hace una descripción del manejo temático dado al comercio internacional en relacionesinternacionales, de manera que se pueda comprender su vínculo politológico, hurgando, incluso, en su objeto material y su objeto formal, que nos refiere a la antropología misma.También, se busca demostrar con evidencias históricas y antropológicas del parentesco entre relaciones internacionales y comercio internacional, tomando como parámetro los negocios entre centros de poder y reflexionado sobre algunos autores que nos permiten revelar dicho origen. Finalmente, se aborda la diplomacia y su difuso vínculo con el comercio internacional, tema tendencial de la integración como un nodo que nos remite a la esencia de la diplomacia y a comprender, así, la correspondencia académica de relaciones internacionales y comercio.
La gestión de la innovación y la competitividad desde la política pública en Costa Rica
Authors: Sandoval Azucena , Valverde Chaves Jeannette , Bermúdez Mora Juan Carlos
Published: September 2016

La ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación desarrollada por las empresas, son factores determinantes en el desarrollo socioeconómico de las regiones. Por ello el estudio aborda los mecanismos de gestión de la innovación en un sentido amplio, de acuerdo a la OECD (2011) desde el enfoque basado en los resultados, en el comportamiento y en los cambios de manera que constituye ésta una herramienta muy valiosa para la competitividad de las empresas.
Brief Primary Care Obesity Interventions: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Sim Leslie A. , Lebow Jocelyn , Wang Zhen , Koball Afton , Murad M. Hassan
Published: September 2016

CONTEXT:

Although practice guidelines suggest that primary care providers working with children and adolescents incorporate BMI surveillance and counseling into routine practice, the evidence base for this practice is unclear.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the effect of brief, primary care interventions for pediatric weight management on BMI.

DATA SOURCES:

Medline, CENTRAL, Embase, PsycInfo, and CINAHL were searched for relevant publications from January 1976 to March 2016 and cross-referenced with published studies.

STUDY SELECTION:

Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies that compared the effect of office-based primary care weight management interventions to any control intervention on percent BMI or BMI z scores in children aged 2 to 18 years.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Two reviewers independently screened sources, extracted data on participant, intervention, and study characteristics, z-BMI/percent BMI, harms, and study quality using the Cochrane and Newcastle-Ottawa risk of bias tools.

RESULTS:

A random effects model was used to pool the effect size across eligible 10 randomized controlled trials and 2 quasi-experimental studies. Compared with usual care or control treatment, brief interventions feasible for primary care were associated with a significant but small reduction in BMI z score (–0.04, [95% confidence interval, –0.08 to –0.01]; P = .02) and a nonsignificant effect on body satisfaction (standardized mean difference 0.00, [95% confidence interval, –0.21 to 0.22]; P = .98).

LIMITATIONS:

Studies had methodological limitations, follow-up was brief, and adverse effects were not commonly measured.

CONCLUSIONS:

BMI surveillance and counseling has a marginal effect on BMI, highlighting the need for revised practice guidelines and the development of novel approaches for providers to address this problem.
Soccer-Related Injuries Treated in Emergency Departments: 1990–2014
Authors: Smith Nicholas A. , Chounthirath Thiphalak , Xiang Huiyun
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the epidemiology of youth soccer-related injuries treated in emergency departments in the United States.

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis was conducted of soccer-related injuries among children 7 through 17 years of age from 1990 through 2014 with data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Injury rates were calculated from soccer participation data.

RESULTS:

An estimated 2 995 765 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2 309 112–3 682 418) children 7 through 17 years old were treated in US emergency departments for soccer-related injuries during the 25-year study period, averaging 119 831 (95% CI, 92 364–147 297) annually. The annual injury rate per 10 000 soccer participants increased significantly, by 111.4%, from 1990 to 2014. Patients 12 to 17 years old accounted for 72.7% of injuries, 55.5% of patients were male, and most injuries occurred in a place of sport or recreation (68.5%) or school (25.7%). Struck by (38.5%) and fell (28.7%) were the leading mechanisms of injury. Injuries most commonly were diagnosed as sprain or strain (34.6%), fracture (23.2%), and soft tissue injury (21.9%), and occurred to the upper extremity (20.7%), ankle (17.8%), and head or neck (17.7%). Concussions or other closed head injuries accounted for 7.3% of the injuries, but the annual rate of concussions/closed head injuries per 10 000 participants increased significantly, by 1595.6%, from 1990 to 2014.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study is the first to comprehensively investigate soccer-related injuries and calculate injury rates based on soccer participation data among children at the national level. The increasing number and rate of pediatric soccer-related injuries, especially soccer-related concussions/closed head injuries, underscore the need for increased efforts to prevent these injuries.
Life cycles of dominant mayflies (Ephemeroptera) on a torrent of the high Bolivian Andes
Authors: Molina Carlos I. , Puliafico Kenneth P.
Published: September 2016

The mayflies of the temperate and cold zones have well-synchronized life cycles, distinct cohorts, short emergence and flight periods. In contrast, aquatic insects from the tropical zones are characterized by multivoltine life cycles, “non-discernible cohorts” and extended flight periods throughout the year. This report is the first observation of life cycle patterns made of two species of mayflies on a torrent in the high elevation Bolivian Andes. The samples were taken from four sites and four periods during a hydrological season. The life cycle of each species was examined using size-class frequency analysis and a monthly modal progression model (von Bertalanffy's model) to infer the life cycle synchrony type. These first observations showed a moderately synchronized univoltine life cycle for Andesiops peruvianus (Ulmer, 1920), whereas Meridialaris tintinnabula Pescador and Peters (1987), had an unsynchronized multivoltine life cycle. These results showed that the generalization of all aquatic insects as unsynchronized multivoltine species in the Andean region may not be entirely accurate since there is still a need to further clarify the life cycle patterns of the wide variety of aquatic insects living in this high elevation tropical environment.
Potential distribution and geographic characteristics of wild populations of Vanilla planifolia (Orchidaceae) Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Hernandez-Ruiz Jesús , Herrera-Cabrera B. Edgar , Delgado-Alvarado Adriana , Salazar-Rojas Víctor M. , Bustamante-Gonzalez Ángel , Campos-Contreras Jorge E. , Ramírez-Juarez Javier
Published: September 2016

Wild specimens of Vanilla planifolia represent a vital part of this resource primary gene pool, and some plants have only been reported in Oaxaca, Mexico. For this reason, we studied its geographical distribution within the state, to locate and describe the ecological characteristics of the areas where they have been found, in order to identify potential areas of establishment. The method comprised four stages: 1) the creation of a database with herbarium records, 2) the construction of the potential distribution based on historical herbarium records for the species, using the model of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and 22 bioclimatic variables as predictors; 3) an in situ systematic search of individuals, based on herbarium records and areas of potential distribution in 24 municipalities, to determine the habitat current situation and distribution; 4) the description of the environmental factors of potential ecological niches generated by MaxEnt. A review of herbarium collections revealed a total of 18 records of V. planifolia between 1939 and 1998. The systematic search located 28 plants distributed in 12 sites in 95 364 Km2. The most important variables that determined the model of vanilla potential distribution were: precipitation in the rainy season (61.9 %), soil moisture regime (23.4 %) and precipitation during the four months of highest rainfall (8.1 %). The species potential habitat was found to be distributed in four zones: wet tropics of the Gulf of Mexico, humid temperate, humid tropical, and humid temperate in the Pacific. Precipitation oscillated within the annual ranges of 2 500 to 4 000 mm, with summer rains, and winter precipitation as 5 to 10 % of the total. The moisture regime and predominating climate were udic type I (330 to 365 days of moisture) and hot humid (Am/A(C) m). The plants were located at altitudes of 200 to 1 190 masl, on rough hillsides that generally make up the foothills of mountain systems, with altitudes of 1 300 to 2 500 masl. In natural conditions, distribution of the species is not limited to high evergreen forests, since it was also found in mountain mesophyll and tropical evergreen forests. The location of new specimens of V. planifolia in its wild condition reduces the potential distribution area by 66 %. This area is fragmented into three geographically separated areas. Habitat reduction was due to the increased number of located plants that define the environmental conditions into a more accurate level. Conservation actions can thus be designed and implemented, focusing on more specific areas within the state of Oaxaca, Mexico.