bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Gaussian-Process-Based Model Predictive Control Approach for Trajectory Tracking and Obstacle Avoidance in Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhao Jintao , Huang Junhao
Published: April 2024

To achieve the efficient and precise control of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in dynamic ocean environments, this paper proposes an innovative Gaussian-Process-based Model Predictive Control (GP-MPC) method. This method combines the advantages of Gaussian process regression in modeling uncertainties in nonlinear systems, and MPC’s constraint optimization and real-time control abilities. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed GP-MPC method, its performance is first evaluated for trajectory tracking control tasks through numerical simulations based on a 6-degrees-of-freedom, fully actuated, AUV dynamics model. Subsequently, for 3D scenarios involving static and dynamic obstacles, an AUV horizontal plane decoupled motion model is constructed to verify the method’s obstacle avoidance capability. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed GP-MPC method can effectively manage the nonlinear motion constraints faced by AUVs, significantly enhancing their intelligent obstacle avoidance performance in complex dynamic environments. By effectively handling model uncertainties and satisfying motion constraints, the GP-MPC method provides an innovative and efficient solution for the design of AUV control systems, substantially improving the control performance of AUVs.
Cochlear Implants after Meningitis and Otosclerosis: A Comparison between Cochlear Ossification and Speech Perception Tests
Authors: Lamounier Pauliana , Carasek Natalia , Daher Valeria Barcelos , Costa Claudiney Cândido , Ramos Hugo Valter Lisboa , Martins Sergio de Castro , Borges Alda Linhares de Freitas , Oliveira Lucas Alves Teixeira , Bahmad Jr Fayez
Published: April 2024

(1) Background: Performance after Cochlear Implantation (CI) can vary depending on numerous factors. This study aims to investigate how meningitis or otosclerosis can influence CI performance. (2) Methods: Retrospective analysis of CI performance in patients with etiological diagnosis of meningitis or otosclerosis, comparing the etiologies and analyzing the image findings, along with electrode array insertion status and technique. (3) Results: Speech recognition in CI patients with otosclerosis improves faster than in patients with meningitis. Other features such as radiological findings, degree of cochlear ossification, surgical technique used and total or partial insertion of electrodes do not seem to be directly related to speech recognition test performance. (4) Conclusions: Patients should be warned that their postoperative results have a strong correlation with the disease that caused their hearing loss and that, in cases of meningitis, a longer duration of speech–language training may be necessary to reach satisfactory results.
Local Perspectives on Agrosilvofishery in Peatlands: A Case Study of Perigi Village, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Choi Eunho , Jeong Jaehui , Artati Yustina , Yang Hyunyoung , Adriani Dessy , Yang A-Ram
Published: April 2024

As the need for sustainable use peatlands increases, the aim of this study is to identify ways to increase the application of agrosilvofishery as an alternative to the traditional sonor system. Herein, the researchers investigate the perception of peatland degradation and the willingness to participate in agrosilvofishery among peatland residents. The researchers interviewed 228 households in Perigi Village, South Sumatra, Indonesia, and surveyed 137 peatland owners. Logistic regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between the willingness to participate in agrosilvofishery and household expenses, plans to improve peatland productivity, and knowledge regarding mixed farming in farmer and non-farmer groups. Willingness to provide labor for agrosilvofishery was positively correlated with household expenses and experience with farmer organizations. For both groups, the willingness to participate had a more substantial impact on the willingness to contribute to the agrosilvofishery financially than on the willingness to provide labor. It is imperative to consider various educational, institutional, research, and cultural factors that enable peatland agrosilvofisheries to contribute to the income and livelihood of the residents of Perigi Village. Institutional arrangements should be established, including initial capital support for restoration projects and a system involving the entire village community. This study can contribute to offering guidance for implementing agrosilvofisheries and enhance the practicality of field applications for peatland restoration.
Effect of Copper Nanoparticles Surface-Capped by Dialkyl Dithiophosphate on Different Base Oil Viscosity
Authors: Wang Xufei , Fan Shuguang , Song Ningning , Yu Laigui , Zhang Yujuan , Zhang Shengmao
Published: April 2024

In order to more accurately characterize the effects of nanoparticles on lubricant viscosity, the effects of copper dialkyl dithiophosphate (HDDP)-modified (CuDDP) nanoparticles on the dynamic viscosity of mineral oils 150N, alkylated naphthalene (AN5), diisooctyl sebacate (DIOS), and polyalphaolefins (PAO4, PAO6, PAO10, PAO40, and PAO100) were investigated at an experimental temperature of 40 °C and additive mass fraction ranging from 0.5% to 2.5%. CuDDP exhibits a viscosity-reducing effect on higher-viscosity base oils, such as PAO40 and PAO100, and a viscosity-increasing effect on lower-viscosity base oils, namely, 150N, AN5, DIOS, PAO4, PAO6, and PAO10. These effects can be attributed to the interfacial slip effect and the shear resistance of the nanoparticles. The experimental dynamic viscosity of the eight base oils containing CuDDP was compared with that calculated by the three classical formulae of nanofluid viscosity, The predicted viscosity values of the formulae deviated greatly from the experimental viscosity values, with the maximum deviation being 7.9%. On this basis, the interface slip effect was introduced into Einstein’s formula, the interface effect was quantified with the aniline point of the base oil, and a new equation was established to reflect the influence of CuDDP nanoparticles on lubricating oil viscosity. It can better reflect the influence of CuDDP on the viscosity of various base oils, and the deviation from the experimental data is less than 1.7%.
Diiodido-bis{N-[2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene]benzylamine-κ2N,P}dicopper(I)
Authors: Süß Julian , Monkowius Uwe , Zabel Manfred
Published: April 2024

The one-pot template reaction between 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde, benzylamine and copper(I) iodide yields the dinuclear copper complex (P∩N)2Cu2I2, as revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Heterojunctions of Mercury Selenide Quantum Dots and Halide Perovskites with High Lattice Matching and Their Photodetection Properties
Authors: Yu Chengye , Shan Yufeng , Zhu Jiaqi , Sun Dingyue , Zheng Xiaohong , Zhang Na , Hou Jingshan , Fang Yongzheng , Dai Ning , Liu Yufeng
Published: April 2024

Heterojunction semiconductors have been extensively applied in various optoelectronic devices due to their unique carrier transport characteristics. However, it is still a challenge to construct heterojunctions based on colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) due to stress and lattice mismatch. Herein, HgSe/CsPbBrxI3−x heterojunctions with type I band alignment are acquired that are derived from minor lattice mismatch (~1.5%) via tuning the ratio of Br and I in halide perovskite. Meanwhile, HgSe CQDs with oleylamine ligands can been exchanged with a halide perovskite precursor, acquiring a smooth and compact quantum dot film. The photoconductive detector based on HgSe/CsPbBrxI3−x heterojunction presents a distinct photoelectric response under an incident light of 630 nm. The work provides a promising strategy to construct CQD-based heterojunctions, simultaneously achieving inorganic ligand exchange, which paves the way to obtain high-performance photodetectors based on CQD heterojunction films.
Thermal Energy Storage Using Phase Change Materials in High-Temperature Industrial Applications: Multi-Criteria Selection of the Adequate Material
Authors: Cabeza Luisa F. , Martínez Franklin R. , Borri Emiliano , Ushak Svetlana , Prieto Cristina
Published: April 2024

Thermal energy storage (TES) plays an important role in industrial applications with intermittent generation of thermal energy. In particular, the implementation of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) technology in industrial thermal processes has shown promising results, significantly reducing sensible heat losses. However, in order to implement this technology, a proper selection of materials is important. In this study, a new multi-criteria phase change material (PCM) selection methodology is presented, which considers relevant factors from an application and material handling point of view, such as hygroscopicity, metal compatibility (corrosion), level hazard, cost, and thermal and atmospheric stability. The methodology starts after setting up the system requirements where the PCM will be used, then a material screening is able to find all possible candidates that are listed with all available properties as listed before. Then, a color map is produced, with a qualitative assessment of material properties drawbacks, hazard level, melting enthalpy, and price. The experimentation starts with a preliminary set of tests on hygroscopicity and one-week corrosion test, which allows disregarding PCMs and selecting a short list of potential PCMs that would need further characterization before the final selection.
Ultra-Compact Orthoplanar Spring via Euler-Spiral Flexures
Authors: Sutton Jacob , Ynchausti Collin , Dahl Kyle , Magleby Spencer P. , Howell Larry L. , Jensen Brian D.
Published: April 2024

Orthoplanar springs are single-component compliant mechanisms that can be fabricated from sheet material and undergo deflection orthogonal to the plane of the mechanism. They are useful in applications where spatial constraints are significant. An Euler spiral is a curve whose curvature is linearly proportional to the arc length allowing for the curve to assume a flat position under a load. In this work, orthoplanar spring and Euler-spiral concepts are synthesized to create a single-component spring mechanism that lies flat under a load. Where traditional planar springs under a load will take on an out-of-plane contour, the Euler-spiral orthoplanar spring lies completely flat under a load. The relationship between the load needed to flatten the orthoplanar Euler-spiral spring and its physical geometry is examined. A use case where the Euler-spiral orthoplanar spring is utilized as a deployment mechanism for a mid-flight emerging antenna on the surface of a flight body is presented.
Numerical Analysis of the Influence of a Magnetic Field on the Group Dynamics of Iron-Doped Carbon Nanotori
Authors: Borodin Vladislav I. , Bubenchikov Alexey M. , Bubenchikov Mikhail A. , Kaparulin Dmitry S. , Ovchinnikov Vyacheslav A.
Published: April 2024

Columnar phases consisting of a group of carbon toroidal molecules (C120, C192, C252, C288) are studied numerically. Each nanotorus was previously doped with an iron atom. This made it possible to use an external magnetic field as a tool for influencing both an individual molecule and a linear fragment of the columnar phase. A high-precision scheme for calculating the dynamics of large molecules with a rigid frame structure is proposed to solve the problem. The group dynamics of nanotori clusters under the influence of an external magnetic field has been studied using classical molecular dynamics methods. The influence of the molecular cluster size, temperature, magnetic moment of the molecule, and magnetic field direction on the collective behavior of iron-doped toroidal molecules with different contents of carbon atoms is analyzed. Molecular dynamics calculations showed that systems of nanotori doped with a single iron atom retain a columnar structure both in the absence and in the presence of an external magnetic field. The columnar fragment behaves as a stable linear association of molecules even at sufficiently high values of magnetic induction, performing a coordinated collective orbital rotation around a common center of mass on a nanosecond time scale.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Resilience in Abandoned Open-Pit Mine Slopes Based on a Two-Dimensional Cloud Model with Combination Weighting
Authors: Jin Liangxing , Liu Pingting , Yao Wenbing , Wei Junjie
Published: April 2024

The stability of abandoned open-pit mine slopes and their ecological environment are threatened owing to their fragile, complicated, and uncertain characteristics. This study establishes a novel evaluation indicator system for enhancing mine design and environmental protection insight. The weights in the system are assigned using a combined method, which consists of the game theory, the interval analytic hierarchy process (IAHP), and the entropy weight method (EWM). The IAHP is optimized by the improved radial movement optimal (IRMO) algorithm and the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to ensure calculation stability and efficiency. Meanwhile, a two-dimensional cloud model (TDCM) is developed to obtain the slope resilience level and visualize the result. This comprehensive evaluation method is applied to three abandoned mine slopes in the Yellow River Basin, and the results demonstrate that the method can provide crucial insights for rational mine slope stabilization and ecological restoration.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Network Dismantling: A K-Core Based Approach
Authors: Pu Tianle , Zeng Li , Chen Chao
Published: April 2024

Network dismantling is one of the most challenging problems in complex systems. This problem encompasses a broad array of practical applications. Previous works mainly focus on the metrics such as the number of nodes in the Giant Connected Component (GCC), average pairwise connectivity, etc. This paper introduces a novel metric, the accumulated 2-core size, for assessing network dismantling. Due to the NP-hard computational complexity of this problem, we propose SmartCore, an end-to-end model for minimizing the accumulated 2-core size by leveraging reinforcement learning and graph neural networks. Extensive experiments across synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate SmartCore’s superiority over existing methods in terms of both accuracy and speed, suggesting that SmartCore should be a better choice for the network dismantling problem in practice.
Evaluation of the Dynamic Amplification Factors of a Monorail Tourism Transit System Based on Probability Statistics
Authors: Guo Fengqi , Li Chenjia , Liao Qiaoyun , Yan Yongfeng , Wu Changxing , Jiang Liqiang
Published: April 2024

The straddle monorail tourist transportation system (MTTS) has developed rapidly in recent years, and its structure is an elevated steel structure with a beam–column system, and the design is executed according to the Safety Code for Large Amusement Rides (GB 8408-2018). However, the impact coefficient value of this code is deemed partially unreasonable. Based on this, relying on the Seven Colors Yunnan Happy World project, the dynamic response test is carried out; using the finite element (FEM) software ANSYS (2021) and multibody dynamics (MBD) software SIMPACK (2021x) combined with the monorail unevenness spectra based on the measured monorail, the straddle monorail vehicle–bridge coupling vibration model is established, and mutual verification is carried out with the measured data. A continuous random variable probability model is adopted for the regularity study of impact coefficient samples, combined with probability statistics and the function fitting method to analyse the calculation results and derive the MTTS displacement impact coefficient calculation formula with beam span and driving speed as variables. The results show that the calculated values of the finite element model are in good agreement with the measured data, and the MTTS impact coefficients conform to the extreme value I-type distribution in the probability distribution law, which is inversely proportional to the span and is directly proportional to the traveling speed. Considering a multi-factor MTTS displacement impact coefficient fitting formula of high fit can better reflect the impact coefficient, monorail girder span, and train speed of the interrelationship for related research and design reference, in order to ensure safety and, at the same time, to improve the economy.
The Effect of Intraoperative Patient Positioning on the Success of Intertrochanteric Fracture Surgery in Older Patients
Authors: Kaya Onur , Kundakçı Buğra , Önder Cem , Kurt Vahap , Atmaca Emre , Tunç Fatih
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives: The incidence of hip fractures in people of advanced ages is increasing due to our aging society. Patient positioning for the intertrochanteric fractures of the femur can be performed in various ways. The aim of this study is to clinically and radiologically compare the use of the supine hemilithotomy position, the lateral decubitus position, and the traction table when performing proximal femoral nail (PFN) surgery for femoral intertrochanteric fractures in the geriatric age group. Materials and Methods: A total of 170 elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures were included in this cross-sectional study. The patients were divided into three groups (the supine hemilithotomy group, the lateral decubitus group, and the fracture table group). For the postoperative period, complications, length of stay in the intensive care unit, and length of stay in hospital were examined, while in postoperative radiographs, tip–apex distances (TADs), collodiaphyseal angles (CDAs), and Cleveland–Bosworth quadrants were examined to evaluate the placement of the lag screw in the femoral head. The quality of fracture reduction was evaluated according to the modified Baumgaertner criteria. Results: The mean age of the patients was 77.8 ± 8.8; 57.6% of patients were female. According to the modified Baumgaertner criteria, it was determined that patients with ‘poor’ reduction quality had an approximately ten times higher risk of cut-out than those with ‘good’ reduction quality (OR = 10.111, p = 0.002, 95% confidence interval; 2.313–44.207). The operative time for patients in the fracture table group was longer than that of the other groups Additionally, the CDA in the supine hemilithotomy position group was longer. Conclusions: Although PFN surgery using the traction table is longer in terms of surgical time compared to surgery performed in the lateral decubitus position and the supine hemilitotomy position, it is advantageous in terms of better TAD and CDA values and lower complication rates.
Comprehensive Unveiling of the Oxidation Resistance and Corrosion Protection of an Oxide Layer Formed on the Gd-Alloyed AZ80 Alloy Surface
Authors: Cheng Chunlong , Zhou Gaolin , Qu Bo , Wang Liang , Malik Abdul , Chen Zheng
Published: April 2024

In our previous work, the effect of Gd alloying on the oxidation resistance of AZ80 alloy was revealed briefly. However, a comprehensive understanding of the oxidation and corrosion resistance of the oxide layer formed on the Gd alloying AZ80 alloy surface needs to be developed. Thus, in this research, the high-temperature oxidation behaviors, oxidation products, and oxide layer characteristics of AZ80, AZ80-0.47Gd, and AZ80-0.75Gd (wt%) alloys were investigated at 420 °C. The corrosion protection of the oxide layer formed on the alloy surface was evaluated. The results showed that Gd alloying eliminated the content of the low melting point phase of β-Mg17Al12 and promoted the generation of a high melting point phase of Al2Gd. Gd2O3 appeared in the oxide layer and facilitated the propagation of homogeneous oxidation as well as densification of the oxide layer. In addition, the firm oxide layer showed characteristics of a blurred boundary with the magnesium matrix. After immersion of the oxide layer containing gadolinium oxide, the products of corrosion were massively nodulated, leading to the passivation of corrosion. This research provides new ideas for magnesium alloy protective layer preparation via a high-temperature oxidation technique.
Comparison of the Effect of Two Different Handling Conditions at Slaughter in Saliva Analytes in Pigs
Authors: Botía María , Escribano Damián , Ortín-Bustillo Alba , López-Martínez María J. , Fuentes Pablo , Jiménez-Caparrós Francisco J. , Hernández-Gómez Juan L. , Avellaneda Antonio , Cerón José J. , Rubio Camila P. , Tvarijonaviciute Asta , Martínez-Subiela Silvia , López-Arjona Marina , Tecles Fernando
Published: April 2024

In this report, different handling conditions at slaughterhouse were studied to assess changes in salivary biomarkers. For this purpose, finishing pigs were divided into two groups, one in which handling was improved to minimize stress (Group A, n = 24, transported and stabled at the slaughterhouse at low density without mixing with unfamiliar animals throughout the whole process) and another one in which animals had a more stressful handling process (Group B, n = 24, transported and stabled at high density with unfamiliar animals). Saliva samples were taken the day before transport to the slaughterhouse at 8:00 a.m. (B0) and 12:00 a.m. (B4), and the day of slaughter just after unloading animals at the slaughterhouse at approximately 8:00 a.m. (S0) and after 4 h of lairage at approximately 12:00 a.m. (S4). Group B showed significantly higher cortisol, total esterase activity, oxytocin, adenosine deaminase and haptoglobin levels than the Group A at both S0 and S4 sampling times, and higher levels of calprotectin and creatine kinase at S4 sampling time. This report indicates that differences in the way in which the pigs are handled at the slaughterhouse can lead to changes in salivary biomarkers and opens the possibility of the use of biomarker at slaughter to monitor handling conditions.
Precision Phenotypic Profiling and Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells via a Vertical Laminar Flow-Stacked Microfluidic Chip
Authors: Zhang Xinping , Ma Yuan , Wang Yujiao , Liang Zhenwei , Zhang Xuanhe , Chen Yiqing , Wang Qingyi , Qin Hua , Wang Jiadao
Published: April 2024

The heterogeneity of circulating tumor cells has a significant impact on the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of cancer. Research on the subtypes of circulating tumor cells can bring better treatment outcomes for cancer patients. Here, we proposed a microfluidic chip for the magnetic capture of subtypes of circulating tumor cells from the whole blood and phenotypic profiling by stacking laminar flow vertically. Circulating tumor cells were sorted and captured by the three-dimensional regulation of both magnetic fields in the vertical direction and flow fields in the lateral direction. Using EpCAM-magnetic beads, we achieved sorting and sectional capture of target cells in whole blood and analyzed the surface expression levels of the captured cells, confirming the functionality of the microfluidic chip in sorting and capturing subtypes of circulating tumor cells. This microfluidic chip can also aid in the subsequent subtype analysis of other rare cells.
Analysis of Experimental Biaxial Surface Wrinkling Pattern Based on Direct 3D Numerical Simulation
Authors: Seok Seonho , Park HyungDal , Kim Jinseok
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a direct 3D numerical simulation of biaxial surface wrinkling of thin metal film on a compliant substrate. The selected compliant substrate is a commercial Scotch tape on which a gold metal thin film has been transferred by using low adhesion between the thin metal film and polyimide substrate. Compared with the previous fabrication of a cylindrical thin-film wrinkling pattern, an undulated wrinkling pattern has been implemented by increasing the width of the thin metal film in order to create biaxial straining in the thin film. To understand the wrinkling behavior due to biaxial loading, a simple direct numerical simulation based on material imperfections defined in the compliant substrate has been conducted. Through modeling and simulation, it was found that the wrinkling mode is determined by the biaxiality ratio (BR), the ratio between transversal strain and longitudinal strain. Depending on the BR, the wrinkling mode belongs to one of the cylindrical, undulated (or herringbone), checkerboard, or labyrinth modes as a function of applied strain. The cylindrical wrinkling is dominant at the input of BR less than 0.5, while the undulated (or herringbone) ones become dominant just after the onset of the wrinkling pattern at BR greater than 0.9. Through the comparison of the wrinkling patterns between simulation and experiment, the applied BR of the fabricated thin film has been successfully estimated.
Ultra-Wideband Transformer Feedback Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit Power Amplifier Design on 0.25 μm GaN Process
Authors: Luo Jialin , Fan Yihui , Wan Jing , Sun Xuming , Liang Xiaoxin
Published: April 2024

This paper presents an ultra-wideband transformer feedback (TFB) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifier (PA) developed using a 0.25 μm gallium nitride (GaN) process. To broaden the bandwidth, a drain-to-gate TFB technique is employed in this PA design, achieving a 117% relative −3 dB bandwidth, extending from 5.4 GHz to 20.3 GHz. At a 28 V supply, the designed PA circuit achieves an output power of 25.5 dBm and a 14 dB small-signal gain in the frequency range of 6 to 19 GHz. Within the 6 to 19 GHz frequency range, the small-signal gain exhibits a flatness of less than 0.78 dB. The PA chip occupies an area of 1.571 mm2. This work is the first to design a power amplifier with on-chip transformer feedback in a compound semiconductor MMIC process, and it enables the use of the widest bandwidth power amplifier on-chip transformer matching network.
Research and Application Progress of Laser-Processing Technology in Diamond Micro-Fabrication
Authors: Zhang Yangfan , Xu Shuai , Cui E-Nuo , Yu Ling , Wang Zhan
Published: April 2024

Laser-processing technology has been widely used in the ultra-precision machining of diamond materials. It has the advantages of high precision and high efficiency, especially in the field of super-hard materials and high-precision parts manufacturing. This paper explains the fundamental principles of diamond laser processing, introduces the interaction mechanisms between various types of lasers and diamond materials, focuses on analyzing the current development status of various modes of laser processing of diamond, briefly discusses the relevant applications in diamond cutting, micro-hole forming, and micro-groove machining, etc., and finally discusses the issues, challenges, and potential future advancements of laser technology in the field of diamond processing at this point.
Genomic Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes and Other Listeria Species Isolated from Sea Turtles
Authors: Di Renzo Ludovica , De Angelis Maria Elisabetta , Torresi Marina , Mariani Giulia , Pizzurro Federica , Mincarelli Luana Fiorella , Esposito Emanuele , Oliviero Maria , Iaccarino Doriana , Di Nocera Fabio , Paduano Gianluigi , Lucifora Giuseppe , Cammà Cesare , Ferri Nicola , Pomilio Francesco
Published: April 2024

Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous pathogen found both in the environment and food. It can cause listeriosis in a wide range of animals as well as in humans. Investigations on presence, spread and virulence are still limited to terrestrial and human environments. Embracing the One Health Approach, investigating the presence and spread of L. monocytogenes in marine ecosystems and among wildlife, would provide us with useful information for human health. This study investigated the presence of L. monocytogenes and Listeria spp. in two species of sea turtles common in the Mediterranean Sea (Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas). A total of one hundred and sixty-four carcasses of sea turtles (C. caretta n = 161 and C. mydas n = 3) stranded along the Abruzzo, Molise, Campania, and Calabria coasts, were collected. Brain and fecal samples were taken, enriched, and cultured for the detection of Listeria spp. From the specimens collected, strains of L. monocytogenes (brain n = 1, brain and feces n = 1, multiorgan n = 1 and feces n = 1), L. innocua (feces n = 1 and brain n = 1), and L. ivanovii (brain n = 1) were isolated. Typical colonies were isolated for Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS). Virulence genes, disinfectants/metal resistance, and antimicrobial resistance were also investigated. L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, and L. ivanovii were detected in C. caretta, whilst only L. monocytogenes and L. innocua in C. mydas. Notable among the results is the lack of significant differences in gene distribution between human and sea turtle strains. Furthermore, potentially pathogenic strains of L. monocytogenes were found in sea turtles.
Sex- and Gender-Based Analysis on Norepinephrine Use in Septic Shock: Why Is It Still a Male World?
Authors: Perna Benedetta , Raparelli Valeria , Tordo Caprioli Federica , Blanaru Oana Teodora , Malacarne Cecilia , Crosetti Cecilia , Portoraro Andrea , Zanotto Alex , Strocchi Francesco Maria , Rapino Alessandro , Costanzini Anna , Maritati Martina , Lazzari Roberto , Spampinato Michele Domenico , Contini Carlo , De Giorgio Roberto , Guarino Matteo
Published: April 2024

Sex and gender are fundamental health determinants and their role as modifiers of treatment response is increasingly recognized. Norepinephrine is a cornerstone of septic shock management and its use is based on the highest level of evidence compared to dopamine. The related 2021 Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SCC) recommendation is presumably applicable to both females and males; however, a sex- and gender-based analysis is lacking, thus not allowing generalizable conclusions. This paper was aimed at exploring whether sex- and gender-disaggregated data are available in the evidence supporting this recommendation. For all the studies underpinning it, four pairs of authors, including a woman and a man, extracted data concerning sex and gender, according to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research guidelines. Nine manuscripts were included with an overall population of 2126 patients, of which 43.2% were females. No sex analysis was performed and gender was never reported. In conclusion, the present manuscript highlighted that the clinical studies underlying the SCC recommendation of NE administration in septic shock have neglected the likely role of sex and gender as modifiers of treatment response, thus missing the opportunity of sex- and gender-specific guidelines.
Optimization of Ratio and Hydration Mechanism of Titanium-Extracted Residual Slag-Based Filling Cementitious Materials
Authors: Li Jielin , Li Ao , Hao Jianzhang , Xu Jiye , Li Ming , Zhou Keping
Published: April 2024

Using metallurgical solid waste Titanium-extracted Residual Slag (TRS) as mine-filling cementitious material is crucial to reduce the filling cost and promote the utilization of solid waste resources. In this paper, taking the strength of the backfill at different curing ages as the response target, the Design-expert mixing design was used to optimize the proportioning experiment of titanium-extracted residual slag, titanium gypsum, silicate cement, and total tailings, to analyze the interactions and influences of the materials on the strength of the backfill, and to analyze the hydration mechanism of the titanium-extracted residual slag-based filling cementitious materials under the optimal proportioning. The results show that: (1) the order of the sensitivity of each component to the strength of backfill is: composite activator > cement > titanium gypsum > titanium-extracted residual slag, and there are different degrees of interaction between them; (2) the optimal ratio of titanium-extracted residual slag-based filling cementitious materials is TRS:titanium gypsum:cement:composite activator = 55:25:17:3; (3) early strength formation of backfill is mainly related to its hydration products ettringite and C-S-H, the rapid nucleation and cross-growth of ettringite in the early stage forms an effective physical filling effect, which is the main reason for the formation of high early strength, and the later strength of backfill benefited from the continuous accumulation of C-S-H encapsulation and bonding, which further densified its internal structure; (4) the use of titanium-extracted residual slag-based filling cementitious materials contributes to safe, green, and economic mining.
Hydrothermal Alteration Processes of Xincheng Gold Deposit Jiaodong Peninsula, China: Constraints from Composition of Hydrothermal Rutile
Authors: Liu Zhen-Jun , Yang Li-Qiang , Xie Dong , Yang Wei , Li Da-Peng , Feng Tao , Deng Jun
Published: April 2024

Delineating the process of hydrothermal alteration is crucial for effectively enhancing exploration strategies and better understanding the gold mineralization process. Rutile, with its capacity to accommodate a wide range of trace elements including high-field-strength elements and base metals, serves as a reliable fluid tracer in ore systems. As one of the most significant gold ore concentrations globally, Jiaodong boasts a gold reserve exceeding 5500 t. The Xincheng gold deposit is a world-class high-grade mine, boasting a proven gold reserve exceeding 200 t, and stands as one of the largest altered-type gold deposits in the vast gold province of the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China. In this study, rutile (Rt1,2,3) was identified in the K-feldspar alteration, sericitization, and pyrite–sericite–quartz alteration stages of the Xincheng gold deposit in Jiaodong based on petrographic characteristics. Rt1 coexists with hydrothermal K-feldspar and quartz, while Rt2 coexists with minerals such as sericite, quartz, muscovite, and pyrite. Rt3 is widely distributed in hydrothermal veins and is primarily associated with minerals including quartz, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sericite. Raman spectroscopy, EPMA, and LA-ICP-MS analysis were conducted to investigate the characteristics and evolution of altered hydrothermal fluids. This study indicates that the Zr vs. W and Nb/V vs. W diagrams suggest that Rt1 is of magmatic–hydrothermal origin, while Rt2 and Rt3 are of metamorphic–hydrothermal origin. Notably, the W content in Rt2 and Rt3 is significantly higher than in Rt1 (<100 ppm), suggesting a close relationship between the W content in rutile and mineralization. The three types of rutile exhibit significantly different concentrations of trace elements such as W, V, Nb, Zr, Sn, and Fe, displaying distinct bright spots and elemental zoning characteristics in backscattered electron images and surface scans. These features arise from the isomorphic substitution of Ti4+. While Rt1 exhibits no significant element exchange with the hydrothermal fluids, Rt2 and Rt3 show a stronger substitution of W, Nb, V, and Fe, indicating a gradual enrichment of F and Cl in the fluids. This process activates and transports these elements into the fluids, leading to their continuous accumulation within the system. From Rt1 to Rt3, the increasing concentrations of Fe and W, along with the negative Eu anomaly, suggest a decrease in fluid temperature and oxygen fugacity during the alteration and mineralization process. The gradual increase in the contents of REEs and high-field-strength elements such as W, V, Nb, and Sn indicates that the hydrothermal fluids are enriched in F and Cl, exhibiting weak acidity. The nature of the fluids during hydrothermal alteration is closely related to the composition of rutile, making it a promising tool for studying hydrothermal alteration and related mineralization processes.
Identification of Leishmania donovani PEX5-PTS1 Interaction Inhibitors through Fluorescence Polarization-Based High-Throughput Screening
Authors: Phan Trong-Nhat , Park Kyu-Ho Paul , Shum David , No Joo Hwan
Published: April 2024

Leishmaniasis, an infectious disease caused by pathogenic Leishmania parasites, affects millions of people in developing countries, and its re-emergence in developed countries, particularly in Europe, poses a growing public health concern. The limitations of current treatments and the absence of effective vaccines necessitate the development of novel therapeutics. In this study, we focused on identifying small molecule inhibitors which prevents the interaction between peroxin 5 (PEX5) and peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1), pivotal for kinetoplastid parasite survival. The Leishmania donovani PEX5, containing a C-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, was expressed and purified, followed by the quantification of kinetic parameters of PEX5-PTS1 interactions. A fluorescence polarization-based high-throughput screening assay was developed and small molecules inhibiting the LdPEX5-PTS1 interaction were discovered through the screening of a library of 51,406 compounds. Based on the confirmatory assay, nine compounds showed half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 3.89 to 24.50 µM. In silico docking using a homology model of LdPEX5 elucidated that the molecular interactions between LdPEX5 and the inhibitors share amino acids critical for PTS1 binding. Notably, compound P20 showed potent activity against the growth of L. donovani promastigotes, L. major promastigotes, and Trypanosoma brucei blood stream form, with IC50 values of 12.16, 19.21, and 3.06 μM, respectively. The findings underscore the potential of targeting LdPEX5-PTS1 interactions with small molecule inhibitors as a promising strategy for the discovery of new anti-parasitic compounds.
Self-Assembled Matrine-PROTAC Encapsulating Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine with GSH-Depletion-Enhanced ROS Generation for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lai Sitong , Wang Bing , Sun Kunhui , Li Fan , Liu Qian , Yu Xie-An , Jiang Lihe , Wang Lisheng
Published: April 2024

The integration of a multidimensional treatment dominated by active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including enhanced chemotherapy and synergistically amplification of oxidative damage, into a nanoplatform would be of great significance for furthering accurate and effective cancer treatment with the active ingredients of TCM. Herein, in this study, we designed and synthesized four matrine-proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) (depending on different lengths of the chains named LST-1, LST-2, LST-3, and LST-4) based on PROTAC technology to overcome the limitations of matrine. LST-4, with better anti-tumor activity than matrine, still degrades p-Erk and p-Akt proteins. Moreover, LST-4 NPs formed via LST-4 self-assembly with stronger anti-tumor activity and glutathione (GSH) depletion ability could be enriched in lysosomes through their outstanding enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Then, we synthesized LST-4@ZnPc NPs with a low-pH-triggered drug release property that could release zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) in tumor sites. LST-4@ZnPc NPs combine the application of chemotherapy and phototherapy, including both enhanced chemotherapy from LST-4 NPs and the synergistic amplification of oxidative damage, through increasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by photodynamic therapy (PDT), causing an GSH decrease via LST-4 mediation to effectively kill tumor cells. Therefore, multifunctional LST-4@ZnPc NPs are a promising method for killing cancer cells, which also provides a new paradigm for using natural products to kill tumors.
Investigating Ligand Sphere Perturbations on MnIII–Alkylperoxo Complexes
Authors: Brunclik Samuel A. , Grotemeyer Elizabeth N. , Aghaei Zahra , Mian Mohammad Rasel , Jackson Timothy A.
Published: April 2024

Manganese catalysts that activate hydrogen peroxide carry out several different hydrocarbon oxidation reactions with high stereoselectivity. The commonly proposed mechanism for these reactions involves a key manganese(III)-hydroperoxo intermediate, which decays via O–O bond heterolysis to generate a Mn(V)–oxo species that institutes substrate oxidation. Due to the scarcity of characterized MnIII–hydroperoxo complexes, MnIII–alkylperoxo complexes are employed to understand factors that affect the mechanism of the O–O cleavage. Herein, we report a series of novel complexes, including two room-temperature-stable MnIII–alkylperoxo species, supported by a new amide-containing pentadentate ligand (6Medpaq5NO2). We use a combination of spectroscopic methods and density functional theory computations to probe the effects of the electronic changes in the ligand sphere trans to the hydroxo and alkylperoxo units to thermal stability and reactivity. The structural characterizations for both MnII(OTf)(6Medpaq5NO2) and [MnIII(OH)(6Medpaq5NO2)](OTf) were obtained via single-crystal X-ray crystallography. A perturbation to the ligand sphere allowed for a marked increase in reactivity towards an organic substrate, a modest change in the distribution of the O–O cleavage products from homolytic and heterolytic pathways, and little change in thermal stability.
Photoelectric Properties of GaS1−xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Layered Crystals
Authors: Shih Yu-Tai , Lin Der-Yuh , Tseng Bo-Chang , Huang Ting-Chen , Kao Yee-Mou , Kao Ming-Cheng , Hwang Sheng-Beng
Published: April 2024

In this study, the photoelectric properties of a complete series of GaS1−xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) layered crystals are investigated. The photoconductivity spectra indicate a decreasing bandgap of GaS1−xSex as the Se composition x increases. Time-resolved photocurrent measurements reveal a significant improvement in the response of GaS1−xSex to light with increasing x. Frequency-dependent photocurrent measurements demonstrate that both pure GaS crystals and GaS1−xSex ternary alloy crystals exhibit a rapid decrease in photocurrents with increasing illumination frequency. Crystals with lower x exhibit a faster decrease in photocurrent. However, pure GaSe crystal maintains its photocurrent significantly even at high frequencies. Measurements for laser-power-dependent photoresponsivity and bias-voltage-dependent photoresponsivity also indicate an increase in the photoresponsivity of GaS1−xSex as x increases. Overall, the photoresponsive performance of GaS1−xSex is enhanced with increasing x, and pure GaSe exhibits the best performance. This result contradicts the findings of previous reports. Additionally, the inverse trends between bandgap and photoresponsivity with increasing x suggest that GaS1−xSex-based photodetectors could potentially offer a high response and wavelength-selectivity for UV and visible light detection. Thus, this work provides novel insights into the photoelectric characteristics of GaS1−xSex layered crystals and highlights their potential for optoelectronic applications.
The Influence Mechanism of Quantum Well Growth and Annealing Temperature on In Migration and Stress Modulation Behavior
Authors: Yan Luyi , Liang Feng , Yang Jing , Chen Ping , Jiang Desheng , Zhao Degang
Published: April 2024

This study explores the effects of growth temperature of InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) layers on indium migration, structural quality, and luminescence properties. It is found that within a specific range, the growth temperature can control the efficiency of In incorporation into QWs and strain energy accumulated in the QW structure, modulating the luminescence efficiency. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) measurements revealed a more pronounced localized state effect in QW samples grown at higher temperatures. Moreover, a too high annealing temperature will enhance indium migration, leading to an increased density of non-radiative recombination centers and a more pronounced quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE), thereby reducing luminescence intensity. These findings highlight the critical role of thermal management in optimizing the performance of InGaN/GaN MQWs in LEDs and other photoelectronic devices.
Strain-Induced Ferromagnetism in Monolayer T″-Phase VTe2: Unveiling Magnetic States and Anisotropy for Spintronics Advancement
Authors: Tang Xiaoting , Zhou Jun , Wong Nancy Lai Mun , Chai Jianwei , Liu Yi , Wang Shijie , Song Xiaohe
Published: April 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnets have attracted significant interest for their potential in spintronic device miniaturization, especially since the discovery of ferromagnetic ordering in monolayer materials such as CrI3 and Fe3GeTe2 in 2017. This study presents a detailed investigation into the effects of the Hubbard U parameter, biaxial strain, and structural distortions on the magnetic characteristics of T″-phase VTe2. We demonstrate that setting the Hubbard U to 0 eV provides an accurate representation of the observed structural, magnetic, and electronic features for both bulk and monolayer T″-phase VTe2. The application of strain reveals two distinct ferromagnetic states in the monolayer T″-phase VTe2, each characterized by minor structural differences, but notably different magnetic moments. The T″-1 state, with reduced magnetic moments, emerges under compressive strain, while the T″-2 state, featuring increased magnetic moments, develops under tensile strain. Our analysis also compares the magnetic anisotropy between the T and T″ phases of VTe2, highlighting that the periodic lattice distortion in the T″-phase induces an in-plane anisotropy, which makes it a material with an easy-axis of magnetization. Monte Carlo simulations corroborate our findings, indicating a high Curie temperature of approximately 191 K for the T″-phase VTe2. Our research not only sheds light on the critical aspects of the VTe2 system but also suggests new pathways for enhancing low-dimensional magnetism, contributing to the advancement of spintronics and straintronics.
An Electroanalytical Enzymeless α-Fe2O3-ZnO Hybrid Nanostructure-Based Sensor for Sensitive Quantification of Nitrite Ions
Authors: Ahmad Rafiq , Abdullah  , Rehman Md. Tabish , AlAjmi Mohamed F. , Alam Shamshad , Bhat Kiesar Sideeq , Mishra Prabhash , Lee Byeong-Il
Published: April 2024

Nitrite monitoring serves as a fundamental practice for protecting public health, preserving environmental quality, ensuring food safety, maintaining industrial safety standards, and optimizing agricultural practices. Although many nitrite sensing methods have been recently developed, the quantification of nitrite remains challenging due to sensitivity and selectivity limitations. In this context, we present the fabrication of enzymeless iron oxide nanoparticle-modified zinc oxide nanorod (α-Fe2O3-ZnO NR) hybrid nanostructure-based nitrite sensor fabrication. The α-Fe2O3-ZnO NR hybrid nanostructure was synthesized using a two-step hydrothermal method and characterized in detail utilizing x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These analyses confirm the successful synthesis of an α-Fe2O3-ZnO NR hybrid nanostructure, highlighting its morphology, purity, crystallinity, and elemental constituents. The α-Fe2O3-ZnO NR hybrid nanostructure was used to modify the SPCE (screen-printed carbon electrode) for enzymeless nitrite sensor fabrication. The voltammetric methods (i.e., cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)) were employed to explore the electrochemical characteristics of α-Fe2O3-ZnO NR/SPCE sensors for nitrite. Upon examination of the sensor’s electrochemical behavior across a range of nitrite concentrations (0 to 500 µM), it is evident that the α-Fe2O3-ZnO NR hybrid nanostructure shows an increased response with increasing nitrite concentration. The sensor demonstrates a linear response to nitrite concentrations up to 400 µM, a remarkable sensitivity of 18.10 µA µM−1 cm−2, and a notably low detection threshold of 0.16 µM. Furthermore, its exceptional selectivity, stability, and reproducibility make it an ideal tool for accurately measuring nitrite levels in serum, yielding reliable outcomes. This advancement heralds a significant step forward in the field of environmental monitoring, offering a potent solution for the precise assessment of nitrite pollution.