bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kapitel 12. Governance und politische Beteiligung
Authors: Steurer Reinhard
Published: September 2023

Die Governance zur Klimakrise in Österreich ist traditionell geprägt von einer Bundesregierung, die Emissionsreduktionen im Inland nicht zielorientiert verfolgt, von einer Sozialpartnerschaft, die vorwiegend ökonomische sowie soziale Interessen vertritt und damit ökologische Fortschritte oft blockiert, von einer für Klimapolitik oft hinderlichen föderalen Kompetenzstruktur und von einer Zivilgesellschaft, die diesen strukturellen Hemmnissen lange Zeit nichts entgegenzusetzen hatte.

Seit 2019 haben sich nur zwei dieser vier Governance-Aspekte verändert: Gesellschaftliche Bewegungen wie Fridays for Future haben im Jahr 2019 eine neue Dynamik in das Politikfeld Klima gebracht. Im Zuge dieser Dynamik wurde 2020 ein Klimaschutzministerium eingerichtet, das zielorientierte Klimapolitik voranzutreiben versucht, allerdings nach wie vor oft an regierungsinternen, sozialpartnerschaftlichen und/oder föderalen Widerständen scheitert.

Somit zeichnet sich schon jetzt ab, dass Österreich seine klimapolitischen Ziele einmal mehr verfehlen wird. Dieses Kapitel analysiert die Hintergründe dieses Versagens.
Kapitel 13. Innovationssystem und -politik
Authors: Weber Matthias , Kubeczko Klaus
Published: September 2023

Neue technologische und nichttechnologische Entwicklungen und damit zusammenhängende soziotechnische Innovationen spielen eine wichtige Rolle, um Transformationen hin zu einer klimafreundlicheren Gesellschaft zu erreichen. Gerade in hoch klimarelevanten Bereichen wie Mobilität, Energieerzeugung, -versorgung und -nutzung oder Nahrungsmittelversorgung und Ernährung ist die Verknüpfung neuer technologischer Optionen mit organisatorischen Innovationen und Verhaltensänderungen zentral, um gesellschaftliche Veränderungen im Sinne der Bewältigung der Klimakrise anzustoßen und zu ermöglichen. Die soziale Dimension von Innovation ist sowohl für deren Gehalt als auch für deren Aufgreifen in der Breite von hoher Relevanz, weshalb sie auch zunehmend Berücksichtigung in der Forschungs- und Innovationpolitik findet.
Kapitel 14. Die Versorgung mit Gütern und Dienstleistungen
Authors: Wieser Harald , Kaufmann Peter
Published: September 2023

Ein klimafreundliches Leben erfordert Zugang zu Gütern und Dienstleistungen, die sowohl einen geringen CO2-Fußabdruck aufweisen als auch in ihrer Nutzung möglichst wenig Treibhausgase emittieren. Dieses Kapitel geht der Frage nach, inwieweit die bestehende Versorgung mit Gütern und Dienstleistungen durch österreichische Wirtschaftsakteur_innen ein klimafreundliches Leben fördert oder verhindert und welche Gestaltungsoptionen sich daraus für die Erreichung der Klimaziele ergeben. Neben den Rollen von Unternehmen werden auch andere in die Versorgungsstrukturen eingebundene Akteur_innen sowie die entsprechenden Rahmenbedingungen beleuchtet. Das Kapitel zeigt mit Blick auf den Status quo zunächst auf, dass Österreich zwar über einen recht gut etablierten und fortschrittlichen Sektor für umweltorientierte Produkte und Dienstleistungen wie energieeffiziente Technologien oder Recyclingverfahren verfügt, dieser aber nur einen kleinen Ausschnitt der Versorgungsstrukturen abbildet. In der breiten Masse der in der Versorgung tätigen Organisationen wurden klimafreundliche Prozesse bisher nur unzureichend umgesetzt. Das Kapitel geht darauffolgend auf die grundlegenden Veränderungen ein, die in abnehmender Dringlichkeit als notwendig erachtet werden: eine Transformation der Energiesysteme, eine Transformation zu einer Kreislaufwirtschaft und der Ausbau von Ökonomien des Teilens. Weiters werden die wirtschaftspolitischen Rahmenbedingungen und Zielkonflikte zusammengefasst, die als kritisch für die Ausgestaltung der Versorgungsstrukturen gelten. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die Förderstrukturen für unternehmerische Tätigkeiten recht großzügig sind, zugleich aber wenig Handlungsdruck in Richtung klimafreundlicherer Versorgungsstrukturen von Seiten der öffentlichen Hand ausgeht. Abschließend befasst sich das Kapitel mit den klimapolitischen Gestaltungsoptionen.
Summary for Policymakers
Authors: Aigner Ernest , Görg Christoph , Madner Verena , Muhar Andreas , Posch Alfred , Steininger Karl W. , Bohunovsky Lisa , Essletzbichler Jürgen , Fischer Karin , Frey Harald , Haas Willi , Haderer Margaret , Hofbauer Johanna , Hollaus Birgit , Jany Andrea , Keller Lars , Krisch Astrid , Kubeczko Klaus , Miess Michael , Ornetzeder Michael , Penker Marianne , Pichler Melanie , Schneider Ulrike , Smetschka Barbara , Steurer Reinhard , Svanda Nina , Theine Hendrik , Weber Matthias , Wieser Harald
Published: September 2023

The Summary for Policy Makers presents the main results in condensed form. The summary is the result of an internal coordination process and is therefore supported by all coordinating lead authors. For each statement, the relevant chapters and the correspondence and scope of the literature are indicated. Details on the statements can be found in the respective chapters.
Kapitel 19. Raumplanung
Authors: Svanda Nina , Zech Sibylla
Published: September 2023

Eine von Bund, Ländern und Gemeinden ernst genommene, steuerungsfreudige Raumplanung/Raumordnung und neue Formen von Planungs- und Beteiligungsprozessen könnten maßgeblich zur Trendumkehr von klimaschädigenden zu klimafreundlichen Lebens- und Wirtschaftsweisen beitragen: kompakt und zugleich durchgrünt zu bauen, in der Stadt und Region der kurzen Wege klimaschonend unterwegs zu sein, Leben in Stadt- und Ortskerne zu bringen, Boden zu entsiegeln und rückzugewinnen. Ebenso braucht es eine Verpflichtung und neue Praxis der Sektoralplanungen, insbesondere bei Verkehrsplanungen, sowie Reformen von bisher weitgehend „raumblinden“ fiskalischen Instrumenten, wie zum Beispiel Finanzausgleich, Bedarfszuweisungen, Pendlerpauschale, Immobilienertragssteuer, Wohnbauförderung und Wirtschaftsförderung, zu klimafreundlichen räumlichen Strukturen beizutragen.
Kapitel 20. Mediendiskurse und -strukturen
Authors: Theine Hendrik , Regen Livia
Published: September 2023

Medien (sowohl klassische Massenmedien als auch soziale Medien) sind zentrale Foren, in denen die Klimakrise inklusive der Transformationsnotwendigkeiten zu einem klimafreundlichen Leben diskursiv konstruiert und verhandelt werden. Unter anderem durch die Wirkung auf Rezipient_innen, sind Medien zentral für die Schaffung von Vorstellungsräumen und sich daraus ableitenden Handlungen im Umgang mit der Klimakrise. Für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung vieler Transformationsnotwendigkeiten, die in anderen Kapiteln dieses Berichts herausgearbeitet werden, ist die mediale Konstruktion jener Problemfelder ein wichtiger Faktor. Zwei medienanalytische Teilbereiche werden in diesem Kapitel insbesondere behandelt: Mediendiskurse (sowohl in Massenmedien als auch auf sozialen Medien) und Medienstrukturen, wobei wir unter zweiterem sowohl Medientechnologien als auch die zugrundeliegenden polit-ökonomischen und kulturellen Institutionen verstehen.
Kapitel 22. Netzgebundene Infrastrukturen
Authors: Kubeczko Klaus , Krisch Astrid
Published: September 2023

Netzgebundene Infrastrukturen, wie Strom-, Daten-, Straßen- oder Schienennetze, Wasser- oder Gasleitungen, sind zentrale Voraussetzung der Daseinsvorsorge. Deren Nutzung als auch deren Errichtung (graue Energie) sind Hauptverursacher der Treibhausgasemissionen. Planung und Bereitstellung von Infrastrukturen ist dementsprechend ein bedeutender Faktor in der Gestaltung eines klimafreundlichen Lebens. Insbesondere in den Bereichen Energie und Mobilität besteht für Betreiber von Netzinfrastrukturen eine Gemeinwohlverpflichtung, im Auftrag der öffentlichen Hand. Auf dieser Basis und als Mehrheitseigentümer von zentralen Unternehmen in Österreich wie ÖBB, ASFINAG, APG, Wiener Netze und vielen weiteren Verteilernetzbetreibern in den Bundesländern hat die öffentliche Hand vielfältige gestalterische Möglichkeiten. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschäftigt sich dieses Kapitel mit der Frage, inwieweit die Gestaltung und Bereitstellung von Netzinfrastrukturen ein klimafreundliches Leben ermöglichen oder verhindern und welche Gestaltungsoptionen sich in Österreich aus sozialwissenschaftlicher Sicht ergeben, um die nationalen Klimaziele zu erreichen.
Kapitel 23. Synthese: Pfade zur Transformation struktureller Bedingungen für ein klimafreundliches Leben
Authors: Haas Willi , Muhar Andreas , Dorninger Christian , Gugerell Katharina
Published: September 2023

Das Kapitel identifizierte vier literaturbasierte Transformationspfade: (1) Leitplanken für eine klimafreundliche Marktwirtschaft, (2) Klimaschutz durch koordinierte Technologieentwicklung, (3) Klimaschutz als staatliche Vorsorge und (4) Klimafreundliche Lebensqualität durch soziale Innovation. Es zeigt sich, dass eine große Zahl an Gestaltungsoptionen dieses Berichtes keine tiefgreifenden Konflikte mit diesen vier grundsätzlich verschiedenen Transformationsparadigmen hervorruft. Dort wo doch Konflikte auftreten, sind klare politische Positionierungen erforderlich, um Friktionen bei der Umsetzung zu vermeiden. Ein neuer „Mischpfad“ verspricht ein hohes Maß an Wirksamkeit, da so unterschiedliche Akteur_innen angesprochen sowie Synergien genutzt und Schwächen einzelner Pfade vermieden werden können. Zudem wurde mit einer Ansatzpunkt-Analyse eingeschätzt, wie tiefgreifend der angestrebte Maßnahmenmix sich darstellt, also ob dieser auf inkrementelle Änderungen oder einen umfassenden Systemwandel abzielt. Im Gegensatz zum offiziellen Nationalen Energie- und Klimaplan (NEKP) zielen die im Bericht enthaltenen Gestaltungsoptionen auf tieferliegende Systemveränderungen ab und zeigen damit einen vielversprechenden Optionenraum an.
Kapitel 24. Theorien des Wandels und der Gestaltung von Strukturen
Authors: Novy Andreas , Kubeczko Klaus , Haderer Margaret , Bärnthaler Richard , Brand Ulrich , Brudermann Thomas , Daniel Antje , Exner Andreas , Getzner Michael , Görg Christoph , Jonas Michael , Ohndorf Markus , Ornetzeder Michael , Plank Leonhard , Schinko Thomas , Schlitz Nicolas , Strüver Anke , Tödtling Franz
Published: September 2023

Kapitel 24 ist die Einleitung zu Teil 5, der die Hintergrundbewertungen für Kapitel 2 liefert. Teil 5 nimmt eine detaillierte Bestandsaufnahme von Theorien vor, die in einem weiten Sinne Wandel untersuchen. In den darauffolgenden Kapiteln werden die Marktperspektive (Kapitel 25), die Innovationsperspektive (Kapitel 26), die Bereitstellungsperspektive (Kapitel 27) sowie die Gesellschaft-Natur-Perspektive (Kapitel 28) detaillierter vorgestellt.
Kapitel 25. Theorien des Wandels und der Gestaltung von Strukturen: Marktperspektive
Authors: Novy Andreas , Brudermann Thomas , Fankhauser Julia , Getzner Michael , Ohndorf Markus
Published: September 2023

Die Marktperspektive betrachtet Märkte als zentrale Institution und Preisrelationen als zentrale Hebel für klimafreundliches Leben. Strukturen werden als Regeln für das Handeln auf Märkten verstanden. Deshalb braucht es Rahmenbedingungen, die Märkte regulieren, sodass das Verursacherprinzip wirksam wird: Wer Emissionen verursacht, muss bezahlen (Kostenwahrheit). Dabei wird versucht, dass die freie individuelle Wahlentscheidung so weit als möglich mit dem Erreichen der Klimaneutralität vereinbar bleibt. Gestalten als koordiniertes Handeln ist in dieser Perspektive das Setzen richtiger wirtschaftspolitischer Rahmenbedingungen, insbesondere durch Anreizsysteme. Instrumente sind Informationspolitik und Markttransparenz sowie geänderte Regulierungen (durch Steuerreform oder Emissionshandel).
Kapitel 26. Theorien des Wandels und der Gestaltung von Strukturen: Innovationsperspektive
Authors: Kubeczko Klaus , Tödtling Franz , Ornetzeder Michael , Novy Andreas , Fankhauser Julia , Exner Andreas
Published: September 2023

In der Innovationsperspektive steht die Wirkung unterschiedlicher Formen von Innovation und deren Anwendung auf die soziale und wirtschaftliche Praxis im Vordergrund – und damit auf die Umwelt, auf klima(un)freundliches Leben und Wirtschaften. Eine Vielzahl an Konzepten der Innovationsforschung (Innovationssysteme, Schumpeters Innovationsbegriff, etc.) haben in der Technologie- und Innovationspolitik der letzten drei Jahrzehnte eine wichtige Rolle eingenommen. Darauf aufbauend und um Herausforderungen und Fragen der nachhaltigen Entwicklung erweitert, hat sich in den letzten Jahren die Forschung zu Nachhaltigkeitstransitionen mit Ansätzen zum Wandel von soziotechnischen Systemen intensiv mit Innovationen für radikalen Wandel auseinandergesetzt. Die wichtigsten Theorien des Wandels aus einer Innovationsperspektive, die in diesem Kapitel dargestellt werden, sind Regionale Innovationssysteme (RIS), soziotechnische Systeme und Nachhaltigkeitstransition, Strategisches Nischenmanagement und Transitionsmanagement, Theorien Sozialer Innovation sowie Ansätze zu Exnovation, Konversion und Minimalismus.
Kapitel 27. Theorien des Wandels und der Gestaltung von Strukturen: Bereitstellungsperspektive
Authors: Novy Andreas , Novy Andreas , Bärnthaler Richard , Karabeczek Veronica , Plank Leonhard , Schinko Thomas
Published: September 2023

Die Bereitstellungsperspektive untersucht geeignete Strukturen klimafreundlichen Lebens ausgehend von Bereitstellungssystemen, die suffiziente und resiliente Praktiken und Lebensformen erleichtern und damit selbstverständlich machen. Sie ermöglicht eine ganzheitliche Sichtweise, um langfristige Klimawandelmitigation und -anpassung mit der kurzfristigen Sicherung der Grundversorgung und dem Schutz vor Naturgefahren zu verbinden. Die wichtigsten Theorien desWandels, die von der Bereitstellungsperspektive ausgehen und im Folgenden ausführlicher behandelt werden, sind Bereitstellungssysteme und Alltagsökonomie, praxistheoretische Ansätze, Lebensformen, umfassendes Klimarisikomanagement, Suffizienz und Resilienz.
Erratum to: Right-handed Dirac and Majorana neutrinos at Belle II
Authors: Han Tao , Liao Jiajun , Liu Hongkai , Marfatia Danny
Published: September 2023

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2023)013
Effective action of heterotic string theory at order α′2
Authors: Garousi Mohammad R.
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Upon examining the effective action of the heterotic string theory at order α′2, an inconsistency between the Chern-Simons coupling Ω2 and T-duality has been discovered. To address this issue, we introduce 60 parity-even independent geometrical couplings involving the B-field, metric, and dilation at the same order, each with arbitrary coefficients. To ensure the invariance of these couplings under T-duality, we consider the Miessner action for the couplings at order α′ and rigorously determine the coefficients of the 60 couplings in terms of the Chern-Simons coupling. Notably, it is found that the coefficients of the Riemann cubed terms must be zero, which aligns with the results of S-matrix calculations. Additionally, the parity odd couplings at order α′2 are obtained through T-duality. Overall, our analysis successfully resolves the inconsistency between the Chern-Simons coupling and T-duality, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the behavior of the heterotic string theory at order α′2.
Ground state energy of twisted AdS3 × S3 × T4 superstring and the TBA
Authors: Frolov Sergey , Pribytok Anton , Sfondrini Alessandro
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We use the lightcone AdS3 × S3 × T4 superstring sigma model with fermions and bosons subject to twisted boundary conditions to find the ground state energy in the semi-classical approximation where effective string tension h and the light-cone momentum L are sent to infinity in such a way that $$ \mathcal{J} $$
J
≡ L/h is kept fixed. We then analyse the ground state energy of the model by means of the mirror TBA equations for the AdS3 × S3 × T4 superstring in the pure RR background. The calculation is performed for small twist μ with L and h fixed, for large L with μ and h fixed, and for small h with μ and L fixed. In these limits the contribution of the gapless worldsheet modes coming from the T4 bosons and fermions can be computed exactly, and is shown to be proportional to hL/(4L2 – 1). Comparison with the semi-classical result shows that the TBA equations involve only one Y0-function for massless excitations but not two as was conjectured before. Some of the results obtained are generalised to the mixed-flux AdS3× S3× T4 superstring.
Computer assisted investigation of alienness of linear functional equations
Authors: Gilányi Attila , To Lan Nhi
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a computer program developed in the computer algebra system Maple is presented, which investigates alienness and strong alienness of linear functional equations.
Tensin-3 is involved in osteogenic versus adipogenic fate of human bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Zhang Shuang , van de Peppel Jeroen , Koedam Marijke , van Leeuwen Johannes P. T. M. , van der Eerden Bram C. J.
Published: September 2023

Background

The tightly controlled balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) is critical to maintain bone homeostasis. Age-related osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass with excessive infiltration of adipose tissue in the bone marrow compartment. The shift of BMSC differentiation from osteoblasts to adipocytes could result in bone loss and adiposity.

Methods

TNS3gene expression during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs was evaluated by qPCR and Western blot analyses. Lentiviral-mediated knockdown or overexpression ofTNS3was used to assess its function. The organization of cytoskeleton was examined by immunofluorescent staining at multiple time points. The role of TNS3 and its domain function in osteogenic differentiation were evaluated by ALP activity, calcium assay, and Alizarin Red S staining. The expression of Rho-GTP was determined using the RhoA pull-down activation assay.

Results

Loss of TNS3 impaired osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs but promoted adipogenic differentiation. Conversely, TNS3 overexpression hampered adipogenesis while enhancing osteogenesis. The expression level of TNS3 determined cell shape and cytoskeletal reorganization during osteogenic differentiation. TNS3 truncation experiments revealed that for optimal osteogenesis to occur, all domains proved essential. Pull-down and immunocytochemical experiments suggested that TNS3 mediates osteogenic differentiation through RhoA.

Conclusions

Here, we identify TNS3 to be involved in BMSC fate decision. Our study links the domain structure in TNS3 to RhoA activity via actin dynamics and implicates an important role for TNS3 in regulating osteogenesis and adipogenesis from BMSCs. Furthermore, it supports the critical involvement of cytoskeletal reorganization in BMSC differentiation.
Components of $$V(\rho ) \otimes V(\rho )$$ and Dominant Weight Polyhedra for Affine Kac–Moody Lie Algebras
Authors: Jeralds Sam , Kumar Shrawan
Published: September 2023

Kostant asked the following question: Let $$\mathfrak {g}$$
g
be a simple Lie algebra over the complex numbers. Let $$\lambda $$
λ
be a dominant integral weight. Then, $$V(\lambda )$$

V
(
λ
)

is a component of $$V(\rho )\otimes V(\rho )$$

V
(
ρ
)
⊗
V
(
ρ
)

if and only if $$\lambda \le 2 \rho $$

λ
≤
2
ρ

under the usual Bruhat–Chevalley order on the set of weights. In an earlier work with R. Chirivi and A. Maffei, the second author gave an affirmative answer to this question up to a saturation factor. The aim of the current work is to extend this result to untwisted affine Kac–Moody Lie algebra $$\mathfrak {g}$$
g
associated with any simple Lie algebra $$\mathring{\mathfrak {g}}$$

g
˚

(up to a saturation factor). In fact, we prove the result for affine $$sl_n$$

s

l
n

without any saturation factor. Our proof requires some additional techniques including the Goddard–Kent–Olive construction and study of the characteristic cone of non-compact polyhedra.
Health benefits of reducing aircraft pollution: evidence from changes in flight paths
Authors: Beghelli Silvia , De Coulon Augustin , O’Mahony Mary
Published: September 2023

This paper investigates externalities generated by air transportation pollution on health. As a source of exogenous variation, we use an unannounced 5-month trial that reallocated early morning aircraft landings at London Heathrow Airport. Our measure of health is prescribed medications spending on conditions known to be aggravated by pollution, especially sleep disturbances. We observe a significant and substantial decrease in prescribed drugs for respiratory and central nervous system disorders in the areas subjected to reduced air travel between 4:30 am and 6.00 am compared with the control regions. Our findings suggest a causal influence of aviation on health conditions.
Good long‐term patients reported outcomes, return‐to‐work and return‐to‐sport rate and survivorship after posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)‐based multiligament knee injuries (MLKI) with posteromedial corner tears as significant risk factor for failure
Authors: Pizza Nicola , Di Paolo Stefano , Grassi Alberto , Pagano Anna , Viotto Marianna , Dal Fabbro Giacomo , Agostinone Piero , Lucidi Gian Andrea , Monllau Juan Carlos , Zaffagnini Stefano
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To assess the survival rate and associated risk factors of a wide cohort of patient’s underwent surgical treatment for posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)‐based multiligament knee injury (MLKI) at long‐term follow‐up and to investigate the long‐term patient’s reported outcomes (PROMS) and functional activity.

Methods

All cases of PCL‐based MLKI performed at one single sport‐medicine institution were extracted and patient’s with a minimum 2 years of follow‐up included. VAS, Lysholm, KOOS, Tegner Activity level scores, the incidence and time of return to sport (RTS) and return to work (RTW) were collected before, after surgery and at final follow‐up. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the outcomes associated with the patient’s acceptable symptoms state (PASS) for each sub‐score of the KOOS. The Kaplan–Meier method with surgical failure (re‐operation to one of the reconstructed ligaments) as endpoint was used to perform the survivorship analysis for the entire cohort.

Results

Forty‐two patients were included and evaluated at an average of 10 years. All PROMS significantly improved from pre‐ to post‐surgery (range ηp2 0.21–0.43, p < 0.05) except for the Tegner score which significantly improved from pre‐surgery and to final follow‐up (ηp2 = 0.67, p < 0.001). RTW was achieved in the 95.2% after 2.4 ± 1.9 months. RTS was achieved in 78.6% after 6.7 ± 5.0 months. The higher number of surgeries were the significant negative predictors of PASS for the KOOS sub‐scales Sport (p = 0.040) and Quality of Life (p = 0.046), while the presence of meniscal lesions was a significant negative predictor of PASS only for the KOOS sub‐scale of Sport (p = 0.003). Six patients (14.3%) underwent reoperation and were considered as surgical failures. The global survivorship was 95.2%, 92.6%, 87.1%, and 74.7% at 2, 5, 12, and 15 years, respectively. The survivorship in patient undergoing PMC reconstruction surgery was significantly lower (p = 0.004; HR 7.1) compared to patients without a PMC lesion.

Conclusion

Good‐to‐excellent PROMS could be obtained and maintained at long‐term follow‐up after surgery, with the higher number of surgeries and meniscal lesions as significant negative predictors of the PASS. Moreover, the presence of a PMC lesion significantly increases the risk of the PCL reconstruction failure.

Level of evidence

III.
A new territorial attractiveness index at the international scale: design, application and patterns in Italy
Authors: Musolino Dario , Kotosz Balazs
Published: September 2023

The attractiveness of regions and territories for firms, investments, tourists, students, talented people, and other categories is a relevant issue for regional economic development, due to the increasing importance of the relationships and flows on the global scale. The growing concern about this question requires a new comprehensive analytical approach that goes beyond partial approaches. The construction of a synthetic index that measures the territorial attractiveness from a multidimensional perspective is the strategy presented in this work to deal with this issue from a new point of view. We first introduce and present our methodological approach for the construction of the synthetic index, which makes use of both qualitative (budget allocation process) and quantitative (factor analysis) techniques. Our synthetic index is based on the main indicators about incoming flows from abroad (FDIs, workers, tourists, university students). Secondly, we illustrate and discuss the results of its application to the case of the international attractiveness of the Italian regions, based on an 8-year long dataset. The findings reveal that the North–South gap, the well-known Italian spatial pattern, is not fully satisfying to read and interpreter the geographical imbalances in terms of multidimensional territorial attractiveness. Thanks also to the calculation of the Moran’s Index, we show the complexity of the Italian economic geography.
The largest Condorcet domain on 8 alternatives
Authors: Leedham-Green Charles , Markström Klas , Riis Søren
Published: September 2023

In this note, we report on a Condorcet domain of record-breaking size for n = 8 alternatives. We show that there exists a Condorcet domain of size 224 and that this is the largest possible size for 8 alternatives. Our search also shows that this domain is unique up to isomorphism. In this note we investigate properties of the new domain and relate them to various open problems and conjectures.
Technologienutzung im Alter: Zusammenhänge zwischen Akzeptanz, Kompetenz, Kontrolle, Interesse und sozialen Indikatoren bei Personen über 60 Jahre
Authors: Ferizaj Drin , Perotti Luis , Dahms Rebecca , Heimann-Steinert Anika
Published: September 2023

Hintergrund

Neben den soziodemografischen Faktoren spielen handlungstheoretische Konstrukte wie die Technikakzeptanz oder Technikkompetenz eine wichtige Rolle bei der Techniknutzung.

Ziel der Arbeit

Innerhalb der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, wie die Techniknutzung mit soziodemografischen Faktoren und handlungstheoretischen Konstrukten und Technikinteresse zusammenhängt.

Materialien und Methoden

Im Zeitraum von 2014 bis 2020 wurden Daten von 585 Studienteilnehmenden im Alter über 60 Jahre aus 14 Erhebungen gesammelt. Zur Erklärung der Zusammenhänge wurde ein Strukturgleichungsmodell durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Das Strukturgleichungsmodell mit den Kovariaten Erhebungsjahr, Alter, Geschlecht und Bildung (n = 585) ergab den folgenden Fit: Comparative Fit Index (CFI) =0,918, Tucker-Lewis-Index (TLI ) = 0,894, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0,056 [95 %-Konfidenzintervall: 0,050-0,063], Standardized Root Mean Square (SRMR) = 0,079, χ2 = 3051,936 (p < 0,001), χ2-Test/Freiheitsgrade (df) = 18,499. Die stärksten Zusammenhänge mit der Techniknutzung zeigten sich bei der Technikakzeptanz und der Technikkompetenz. Zudem zeigte die Technikkompetenz eine signifikante Verknüpfung mit dem Technikinteresse. Das Geschlecht und das Technikinteresse standen nicht in Verbindung zur Techniknutzung, stattdessen wurde beobachtet, dass Männer höhere Ausprägungen in Technikakzeptanz, Technikkontrolle, Technikkompetenz und Technikinteresse hatten.

Diskussion

Die Berücksichtigung der Technikkompetenzüberzeugungen spielt eine wesentliche Rolle für ein umfassendes Verständnis der Techniknutzung und des Technikinteresses älterer Personen. Darüber hinaus wurden geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in den handlungstheoretischen Konstrukten und dem Technikinteresse im Kontext der digitalen Kluft aufgezeigt.
Feasibility and safety of exercise during chemotherapy in people with gastrointestinal cancers: a pilot study
Authors: Park Song Ee , Kim Du Hwan , Kim Don-Kyu , Ha Joo Young , Jang Joung-Soon , Choi Jin Hwa , Hwang In Gyu
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Sarcopenia is a poor prognostic factor in cancer patients, and exercise is one of the treatments to improve sarcopenia. However, there is currently insufficient evidence on whether exercise can improve sarcopenia in patients with advanced cancers. This study examined the feasibility of exercise in advanced gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients treated with palliative chemotherapy.

Methods

Between 2020 and 2021, 30 patients were enrolled in a resistance and aerobic exercise program for six weeks. The exercise intervention program (EIP) consisted of low, moderate, and high intensity levels. Patients were asked to select the intensity level according to their ability. The primary endpoint was the feasibility of the EIP measured by compliance during the six weeks. A compliance of over 50% was considered acceptable. The secondary endpoints were changes in weight and muscle mass, safety, quality of life (QoL) and overall survival (OS).

Results

The median age of the study’s participants was 60 (30–77). The total compliance to the EIP was 63.3% (19/30 patients). Sixteen (53.3%) patients had a compliance of over 80%. The attrition rate was 30.0% (9/30). The mean exercise time was 41.4 min, and the aerobic exercise was 92.3% and the resistant exercise was 73.7%, and both exercise was 66.5%. Most patients performed the moderate intensity level exercises at home or near their home. The mean skeletal muscle index (SMI) was 43.5 cm2/m2 pre-chemotherapy and 42.2 cm2/m2 after six weeks of chemotherapy, with a decrease of -1.2 ± 2.8 cm2/m2 (-3.0%) (p = 0.030). In the poor compliance group, the mean SMI decrease was -2.8 ± 3.0 cm2/m2 which was significantly different (p = 0.033); however, in the good compliance group, the mean SMI decrease was -0.5 ± 2.5 cm2/m2 which was maintained over the six weeks (p = 0.337). The good compliance group had a significantly longer median OS compared with the poor compliance group (25.3 months vs. 7.9 months, HR = 0.306, 95% CI = 0.120–0.784, p = 0.014). The QoL showed a better score for insomnia (p = 0.042). There were no serious adverse events.

Conclusions

The EIP during palliative chemotherapy in advanced GI cancer patients showed good compliance. In the good compliance group, muscle mass and physical functions were maintained for six weeks. The EIP was safe, and the QoL was maintained. Based on this study, further research in exercise intervention in advanced cancer patients is needed.

Clinical trial registration

The clinical trial registration number is KCT 0005615 (CRIS, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/en/); registration date, 23rd Nov 2020.
Fluid-mechanical evaluation of different clutch geometries based on experimental and numerical investigations
Authors: Sax Christian , Stroh Alexander , Leister Robin , Denda Christian , Bürk Patrick , Dreisbach Maximilian , Kriegseis Jochen
Published: September 2023

Wet clutches in their open state add losses caused by drag torque to the drive train, making the optimization of the disk design and drag torque reduction a core development aspect. The present work focuses on the influence of the chosen disk-groove geometry on the resulting flow topology in open wet clutches. Therefore, the flow topology of six different disk designs is investigated experimentally and numerically. Other influences of the operating conditions such as volume flow or other design elements such as wave springs are not considered. New parameters for the flow topology are derived, for a better description of the influence of the flow topology on the drag torque. Based on these insights strategies for further understanding of the complex flow topology on open wet clutches are derived and optimization approaches proposed.
Comparative analysis of malt quality and starch characteristics of three South Korean barley cultivars
Authors: Park Jiyoung , Chung Hyun-Jung , Park Hye Young , Park Hyun-Jin , Oh Sea-Kwan
Published: September 2023

In this study, malt was produced in pilot-scale facilities and conditioned using three barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars in South Korea (Heugho, Hopum, and Kwangmaeg). Quality and starch characteristics were compared. The starch content was considerably reduced in all malts. Coleoptile elongation was higher in Heugho (HHM; 85.7% ± 12.6%) and Hopum (HPM; 83.9% ± 10.7%) than in Kwangmaeg (KMM; 78.1% ± 9.9%) malt. Malt yield ranged from 81.8 to 84.9%, with no significant difference. All samples presented type A crystallinity, and granules showed discoid shapes. After malting, the mono- and di-saccharide contents (not including sucrose) were increased. The fermentable sugar level was the highest in HHM, whereas non-fermentable sugar was the highest in KMM. These results suggest that HPM enables efficient scarification based on the rapid degradation of starch, while Heugho barley and HHM have a high potential for beer and malt production, respectively.
GHASP: a Galileo HAS parser
Authors: Borio D. , Susi M. , Gioia C.
Published: September 2023

Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) corrections are broadcast through the E6B signal using a high-parity vertical Reed-Solomon encoding scheme, which reduces message recovery time and improves transmission reliability. To recover HAS corrections, it is thus necessary to invert the encoding process and interpret the decoded bits. In order to foster HAS adoption and facilitate experimentation with HAS corrections, a Galileo HAS Parser (GHASP) has been developed. GHASP is available open-source and supports different input data types from different receiver manufacturers. Decoded corrections are provided in Comma-Separated Values files, which can be directly loaded using common data-science languages. In this way, corrections are readily available and can be used not only for Precise Point Positioning (PPP) applications but also for scientific analysis such as clock characterization using the Allan Deviation.
Numerical Investigation of Combustion Instabilities in Swirling Flames with Hydrogen Enrichment
Authors: Gong Yu , Fredrich Daniel , Marquis Andrew J. , Jones William P.
Published: September 2023

This work presents a numerical study on technically premixed, swirl-stabilised flames in the PRECCINSTA model combustor. The employed method, BOFFIN-LES, comprises a fully compressible formulation to study unsteady combustion with thermo-acoustic instabilities. To allow for this, the iso-thermal flows are first investigated, based on which three reacting cases are established. The investigation delves into various aspects including flame topology, flow characteristics, and the related thermo-acoustic and hydrodynamic instabilities are studied and results are benchmarked against available measurement data. The dominant feedback mechanism of the observed thermo-acoustic fluctuations is identified; the evolution of the helical vortex is discussed together with the related flame stabilisation process. Furthermore, the interplay of the thermo-acoustic oscillations, helical structure, and the flame stabilisation process is summarised in the end, with the potential effect of the wall-heat transfer on them discussed. This work establishes that the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) effectively captures the iso-thermal flow dynamics and the flame topology under various operating conditions, with a good prediction of the thermo-acoustic frequencies in all the cases. The dominant driving mechanism of the observed thermo-acoustic fluctuations was identified as a combined effect of equivalence ratio and velocity fluctuations in all the cases investigated. The effect of Hydrogen enrichment on modifying the flame topology and changing the thermo-acoustic instability features are well predicted by the simulations. Moreover, different modes of the helical vortex are detected, and their periodic excitement, evolution, and effect on flame stabilisation are discussed in great detail. To conclude, this LES-based investigation offers valuable insights into the complex interplay of unsteady combustion, acoustic fluctuations, flow dynamics, and solid boundaries within swirling flames subjected to unsteady conditions.
The Legacy of Coordinative Practice: How the Mesh of Formal and Informal Articulation Work Through Time Affects a Shipyard in Transition
Authors: Giskeødegård Marte F. , Kjersem Kristina , Almklov Petter G.
Published: September 2023

This article explores the balance, and the shift in balance, between technologies and practices that coordinate work. The empirical data stems from a primarily qualitative study of a Norwegian shipyard in a phase of transition, where new models of collaboration emerge due to changes in the company environment. The article highlights the interplay between formal and informal articulation work, as well as the role of coordinative IT artifacts in this regard. With this background, the findings show that the balance (between coordinative technologies and practices) shifts depending on circumstances. Thus, the more formal coordination gains importance as transitions increases the need for detailed instructions. The findings also show that the existing IT infrastructure (the legacy) lacks the granularity as a coordinative artifact to facilitate necessary change in the organizational work arrangement, and how the workers cope with such issues. Based on this, the paper provides insights into how articulation work and its sociomaterial aspects develops over time in the interplay of organizational and technological change (or lack thereof).
Appearance of the rotifer community as a potential indicator of stable paleohydrological conditions in peatlands since the Late Glacial: a case study of three wetlands in Poland
Authors: Pociecha Agnieszka , Buczek Krzysztof , Margielewski Włodzimierz , Kupryjanowicz Mirosława , Fiłoc Magdalena , Korzeń Katarzyna , Krąpiec Marek , Sala Dariusz , Obidowicz Andrzej , Michczyńska Danuta J. , Michczyński Adam , Borówka Ryszard , Tomkowiak Julita
Published: September 2023

In paleolimnological studies, rotifers are usually a very rare component in multiproxy research. These small invertebrates are identified from sediments by their loricas. Analysis of subfossil rotifers was conducted for sediment cores collected from three peatlands in within Poland: the Grel raised bog (S Poland, Carpathians, Orawa-Nowy Targ Basin), the Imszar raised bog (NE Poland, Podlasie Region), and the Podemszczyzna peatland (SE Poland, Sandomierz Basin). Results were compared with multiproxy analyses of peat deposits: pollen of aquatic and mire plants, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), and geochemical analyses. Analysis of the rotifers indicated the occurrence of the bdelloid species Habrotrocha angusticollis (Murray, 1905). In all profiles of the studied peatlands, the occurrence of rotifers was not correlated with pollen of aquatic or mire plants or NPPs; they seem to be more related to geochemical indices. The highest densities of rotifers were found in profile sections without significant fluctuations of geochemical variables, i.e. those with higher Na/K (chemical denudation) ratios and stable redox conditions (Fe/Mn ratio). The study of subfossil rotifers supported by multiproxy analysis of peat deposits could be a useful tool for indication of periods with stable palaeohydrological conditions during the Late Glacial and Holocene.
$$C_2$$ generalization of the van Diejen model from the minimal $$(D_5,D_5)$$ conformal matter
Authors: Nazzal Belal , Nedelin Anton
Published: September 2023

We study superconformal indices of 4d compactifications of the 6d minimal $$(D_{N+3},D_{N+3})$$

(

D

N
+
3

,

D

N
+
3

)

conformal matter theories on a punctured Riemann surface. Introduction of supersymmetric surface defect in these theories is done at the level of the index by the action of the finite difference operators on the corresponding indices. There exist at least three different types of such operators according to three types of punctures with $$A_N, C_N$$

A
N

,

C
N

and $$\left( A_1\right) ^N$$

A
1

N

global symmetries. We mainly concentrate on $$C_2$$

C
2

case and derive explicit expression for an infinite tower of difference operators generalizing the van Diejen model. We check various properties of these operators originating from the geometry of compactifications. We also provide an expression for the kernel function of both our $$C_2$$

C
2

operator and previously derived $$A_2$$

A
2

generalization of van Diejen model. Finally, we also consider compactifications with $$A_N$$

A
N

-type punctures and derive the full tower of commuting difference operators corresponding to this root system generalizing the result of our previous paper.
Contact Tracing App Privacy: What Data is Shared by Non-GAEN Contact Tracing Apps
Authors: Leith Douglas J.
Published: September 2023

We describe the data transmitted to backend servers by the contact tracing apps now deployed in France (TousAntiCovid), Australia (CovidSafe), Singapore (TraceTogether), US/Florida (CombatCovid), Israel (HaMagen), India (Aarogya Setu) with the aim of evaluating the privacy of these contact tracing apps as actually deployed. To the best of our knowledge, the measurements we present are the first public data of this sort for the French, Australian, Israeli, Indian and Florida apps. We find that TousAntiCovid and CovidSafe are generally well-behaved with regard to privacy. TraceTogether and CombatCovid make extensive use of Google Firebase services which means that that there are two main parties involved in handling data transmitted from these apsp, namely Google and the health authority operating the app itself. HaMagen is well-behaved for uninfected users of the app but GPS location data associated with infected is publicly published on the HaMagen server. Aarogya Setu, with >160M users, is found to have a number of serious privacy issues, including silent upload of logged location data.
Systematic Review of Gaming and Neuropsychological Assessment of Social Cognition
Authors: Hurel Elodie , Grall-Bronnec Marie , Bouillard Orianne , Chirio-Espitalier Marion , Barrangou-Poueys-Darlas Malcolm , Challet-Bouju Gaëlle
Published: September 2023

Playing video games is associated with cognitive changes and possibly psychosocial difficulties. Problematic gaming occurs upon the loss of control over videogame playing; gaming disorder is considered a behavioral addiction in the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases. Models used to understand behavioral addictions include cognition as an essential factor in the development, maintenance, and relapse of addiction. Nevertheless, some aspects of cognition, such as social cognition, remain underexplored, despite evidence of alterations in cognitive and social function among patients with problematic gaming. This review aimed to describe the current understanding of social cognition in individuals exposed to videogames. We included all studies assessing social cognition in participants of any age with a wide range of exposure to video games (from simple use of video games (such as at least two exposures) to problematic gaming, defined according to the included study). This wide range of exposure allowed us to explore the whole process from repeated exposure to addiction. We included only studies that used neuropsychological tasks to assess social cognition. Patient-reported outcomes that could be biased by subjective self-report data were not included. The search was conducted from inception to January 2022 in three databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science). The systematic search identified 39 studies that assessed facial emotion processing, empathy, theory of mind, social decision-making, aggressive behavior, and moral competence. In general, results have been mixed, and a number of questions remain unanswered. Nevertheless, several studies showed cerebral changes when processing facial emotion that were linked with problematic gaming, while no link was obtained between nonproblematic gaming and empathy alterations. The influences of cooperation patterns, theory of mind, moral competence, and gaming frequency were highlighted. Finally, there was substantial heterogeneity in the population assessed and the methods used.
Mobile phone-based approach bias retraining for smokers seeking abstinence: a randomized-controlled study
Authors: Machulska Alla , Eiler Tanja Joan , Haßler Benjamin , Kleinke Kristian , Brück Rainer , Jahn Katharina , Niehaves Björn , Klucken Tim
Published: September 2023

Approach bias modification (ApBM) has shown promise in addiction treatment, but effects are small and ecological validity suffers from completing trainings in the laboratory. Providing app-based trainings via mobile phones could increase training efficacy. One-hundred-and-thirty-one smokers seeking abstinence attended a smoking cessation intervention and were thereafter randomized to one of three conditions: (a) app-based ApBM-training; (b) app-based sham training; (c) no training. App trainings were performed on 14 consecutive days at home. Behavioral and self-report data was assessed at pretest, posttest, and a 6-week follow-up. App-based ApBM led to stronger reductions in cigarette smoking as compared to no training. However, both training variants led to stronger declines in nicotine dependence and the sham training was superior in reducing alcohol consumption. Although approach biases for positive cues increased following ApBM training, this effect did not mediate treatment outcome. Other smoking-related cognitive biases did not change after training. Our results can inform future research in the optimization and advancement of ApBM treatment for addiction.

Trial registration

Registered with Current Controlled Trials: study ID ISRCTN15690771. Registered on 20 November 2018; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15690771.
Futures for invasive alien species management: using bottom-up innovations to envision positive systemic change
Authors: van Velden J. L. , Biggs R. , Hichert T. , Booth P. , Büchner-Marais C. , Esler K. J. , Lewarne M. , Potgieter L. J. , Rahlao S. J. , Rebelo A. J. , Robinson T. B. , van Wilgen N. J. , Richardson D. M.
Published: September 2023

Invasive alien species (IAS) pose a key threat to biodiversity, the economy and human well-being, and continue to increase in abundance and impact worldwide. Legislation and policy currently dominate the global agenda for IAS, although translation to localised success may be limited. This calls for a wider range of responses to transform IAS management. An under-appreciated strategy to achieve success may come from bottom-up, experimental innovations (so-called “seeds”), which offer alternative visions of what may be possible for IAS management in the future. We present an application of a participatory process that builds on such innovations to create alternative visions of the future, with actionable pathways to guide change. Through a series of workshops with practitioners and academics, we used this process to explore alternative positive futures for IAS management in South Africa. We then identified a set of domains of change, that could enable these visions to be actioned by appropriate stakeholders. The domains of change highlight the social–ecological nature of the IAS sector, with interconnected actions needed in financial, cultural, social, technological and governance spheres. Key domains identified were the need to shift mindsets and values of society regarding IAS, as well as the need for appropriate and functional financing. This participatory futuring process offers a way to interrogate and scale bottom-up innovations, thereby creating optimism and allowing stakeholders to engage constructively with the future. This represents an important step in fostering the potential of bottom-up innovations to transform IAS management.