bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO VIBRATION AND NOISE IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Golubovic-Bugarski Valentina
Published: June 2018

Vibration in buildings may occur from different external or internal sources. Where occupants can detect vibration in buildings, it may potentially impact their comfort or working efficiency. Some vibration sources give rise to audible effects such as structure-borne noise and airborne noise, and secondary rattling of building elements or contents. The international standard ISO 2631-2 concerns human exposure to whole-body vibration in buildings, but like most national standards, it doesn’t prescribe the permissible vibration amplitudes with respect to the comfort and annoyance of the occupants. Contrary to vibration standards, the national regulations concerning environmental noise prescribe the limits of allowed sound intensity in residential and office premises. This paper gives an overview of the process used to assess the influence of vibration and noise on humans in buildings. Also, a detailed case study regarding adverse comment due to noise and vibration in building is shown.
THE APPLICATION OF THE WEB BASED SYSTEM BY INTEGRATING WEB GIS TOOLS AND THE SDI FOR THE REAL ESTATE MANAGEMENT AND MAPPING
Authors: Baros Tatjana
Published: June 2018

Real estate is very important branch of the economy because of very significant impact on the area of trading, sales and pricing in all countries. There is a lack of integrated and comprehensive information and because of that many transactions and pricing methods most commonly don’t have a clear and scientific trend. For the people who participate in the real estate industry this deficiency creates many problems. Introducing and implementing of the real estate mapping, analysis and managing is the goal of this study because it can be partially solution for the expressed problems. Many technologies and methods including Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs), Web services and Web GIS were used in this solution. These technologies and methods will be briefly introduced as well as their relation to the subject of research and the role and impact of them in solving expressed problems. The importance of mapping and analysis real estates and its location as one of the most important factors will be represent through several examples, like as property in Hadzici, Sarajevo, BIH.
Maize domestication and gene interaction
Authors: Stitzer Michelle C , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey
Published: June 2018

Domestication is a tractable system for following evolutionary change. Under domestication, wild populations respond to shifting selective pressures, resulting in adaptation to the new ecological niche of cultivation. Due to the important role of domesticated crops in human nutrition and agriculture, the ancestry and selection pressures transforming a wild plant into a domesticate have been extensively studied. In Zea mays, morphological, genetic, and genomic studies have elucidated how a wild plant, the teosinte Zea mays subsp. parviglumis, was transformed into the domesticate Zea mays subsp. mays. Five major morphological differences distinguish these two subspecies, and careful genetic dissection has pinpointed the molecular changes responsible for several of these traits. But maize domestication was a consequence of more than just five genes, and regions throughout the genome contribute. The impacts of these additional regions are contingent on genetic background, both the interactions between alleles of a single gene and among alleles of the multiple genes that modulate phenotypes. Key genetic interactions include dominance relationships, epistatic interactions, and pleiotropic constraint, including how these variants are connected in gene networks. Here, we review the role of gene interactions in generating the dramatic phenotypic evolution seen in the transition from teosinte to maize.
Does bariatric surgery influence plasma levels of fetuin-A and leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Huang Hsien-Hao , Yeh Chun , Chen Jung-Chien , Lee Tzong-Hsi , Chen Shu-Chun , Lee Wei-Jei , Chen Chih-Yen
Published: June 2018

Background

Fetuin-A and leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT-2) are liver-derived proteins. Fetuin-A is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obese patients with T2D have higher plasma fetuin-A levels than those without T2D. LECT-2 has positive correlation with the severity of both obesity and insulin resistance. The changes in plasma fetuin-A are not consistent after bariatric surgery and no studies have investigated the changes in LECT-2 on the obese patients with T2D after bariatric surgery.

Methods

Overall, 18 patients undergoing gastric bypass (GB) and 16 patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (SG) were enrolled. The fasting plasma fetuin-A and LECT-2 levels were measured at baseline, one week, three months, and one year after surgery.

Results

Both the GB and SG groups significantly decreased the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, a body shape index; the triglyceride, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c, C-peptide levels; and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) one year after surgery. The SG group showed a decreasing trend in plasma fetuin-A levels one year after SG surgery. There are no significant changes in LECT-2 one year after either GB or SG. Fetuin-A had a near significant negative relationship with insulin (P = 0.056) and HOMA-IR (P = 0.050) in the SG group. Changes in fetuin-A had a significant positive relationship with changes in BMI (P = 0.031) and waist-to-hip ratio (P = 0.031) in the GB group and had a near significant positive correlation with FBS (P = 0.051) in the SG group.

Discussion

Neither GB nor SG modifies plasma levels of plasma fetuin-A or LECT-2 in T2D patients after surgery. The changes in plasma fetuin-A have a positive correlation with those of the BMI and waist-to-hip ratio 12 months after GB.
RNA interference-mediated silencing of genes involved in the immune responses of the soybean pod borer Leguminivora glycinivorella (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)
Authors: Ran Ruixue , Li Tianyu , Liu Xinxin , Ni Hejia , Li Wenbin , Meng Fanli
Published: June 2018

RNA interference (RNAi) technology may be useful for developing new crop protection strategies against the soybean pod borer (SPB; Leguminivora glycinivorella), which is a critical soybean pest in northeastern Asia. Immune-related genes have been recently identified as potential RNAi targets for controlling insects. However, little is known about these genes or mechanisms underlying their expression in the SPB. In this study, we completed a transcriptome-wide analysis of SPB immune-related genes. We identified 41 genes associated with SPB microbial recognition proteins, immune-related effectors or signalling molecules in immune response pathways (e.g., Toll and immune deficiency pathways). Eleven of these genes were selected for a double-stranded RNA artificial feeding assay. The down-regulated expression levels of LgToll-5-1a and LgPGRP-LB2a resulted in relatively high larval mortality rates and abnormal development. Our data represent a comprehensive genetic resource for immune-related SPB genes, and may contribute to the elucidation of the mechanism regulating innate immunity in Lepidoptera species. Furthermore, two immune-related SPB genes were identified as potential RNAi targets, which may be used in the development of RNAi-mediated SPB control methods.
Violent Video Game Play and (De)Sensitization to Threat
Authors: Kirsh Steven J. , Mounts Jeffrey R. W.
Published: November 2024

This study assesses whether the frequency of violent video game play is associated with attentional desensitization or sensitization to images depicting violence or nonviolent interpersonal conflict. Two hundred and thirty‐two participants reported their three most frequently played video games and the amount of time each game was played in a typical week. Next, they completed an assessment of emotion‐induced blindness, which refers to a reduction in the correct identification of a neutral target image when it follows an emotionally charged distractor image. The primary findings showed that weekly violent video game play was negatively associated with target identification following nonviolent interpersonal conflict images, but not violent images. Findings are discussed in terms of the saliency of threatening images and attentional processing.
Children's Responses to “Do You Remember …” Questions About Their Memory
Authors: Perez Christina O. , Todorovic Kristina , London Kamala
Published: November 2024

Children's failure to distinguish the literal and implied meaning of “Do you remember …” (DYR) questions can lead to misunderstandings and damage their credibility as witnesses. We examined 65 children's (4–10 years) responses to wh‐ and yes/no questions about a cartoon video. Questions probed about true, false, and unanswerable details. Question format was manipulated as a within‐subjects variable: half the questions were asked directly and half were prefaced with DYR. Most children provided unelaborated “yes” or “no” responses (i.e., referential ambiguity) to DYR yes/no questions. Requests for clarification revealed children were twice as likely to indicate their referentially ambiguous responses were answering the explicit DYR question when asked about false details (24%) than true details (9%). Pragmatic failure (i.e., unelaborated “yes” responses to DYR wh‐ questions) was most often observed when questions probed about true event details. As age increased, children were less likely to demonstrate referential ambiguity and pragmatic failure.
Circulating Adipokines and Response to Treatment in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Vasileiadis Georgios K. , Zhang Yuan , Fatima Tahzeeb , van Vollenhoven Ronald , Lampa Jon , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Haavardsholm Espen A. , Nordström Dan , Grondal Gerdur , Hørslev‐Petersen Kim , Lend Kristina , Heiberg Marte S. , Hetland Merete Lund , Nurmohamed Michael , Uhlig Till , Sokka‐Isler Tuulikki , Rudin Anna , Maglio Cristina
Published: November 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine if baseline adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels are associated with response to antirheumatic treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

This study included 341 participants of the Nordic Rheumatic Diseases Strategy Trials and Registries trial with untreated early RA, randomized at baseline into four treatment arms: methotrexate combined with (1) prednisolone, (2) certolizumab, (3) abatacept, or (4) tocilizumab. Follow‐up was up to 48 weeks. Adipokines were measured in plasma at baseline with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The primary outcome for this report was the difference in remission (Clinical Disease Activity Index [CDAI] ≤2.8) over 48 weeks stratified by median adipokine levels.

Results

At baseline, levels of adiponectin and leptin were not associated with markers of RA activity, whereas participants with higher resistin levels had higher C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, swollen joint count, and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints based on CRP compared to participants with lower resistin. Overall, participants with baseline adipokine levels above the median and those with adipokine levels below the median had similar mean CDAI and changes in CDAI throughout follow‐up for up to 48 weeks. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models did not show any effect of baseline adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels on the likelihood of achieving CDAI remission (adiponectin: hazard ratio [HR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–1.45, P = 0.62; leptin: HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.64–1.26, P = 0.52; resistin: HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.65–1.13, P = 0.26).

Conclusion

Baseline adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels are not associated with the likelihood of achieving CDAI remission over 48 weeks of treatment in a large cohort of people with untreated early RA.
A Novel 3D Chiral Metamaterial with Overall Compression‐Twist Properties
Authors: Zhang Xiaobin , Liu Zhifang , Lei Jianyin , Li Shiqiang
Published: November 2024

Herein, 3D chiral compression‐twist metamaterials represent a novel class of materials capable of converting compression into twist. An isotactic compression‐twist lattice cell (ICTLC), composed of two identical chiral compression‐twist units, is investigated in this paper. By compactly arranging ICTLCs, a 3D chiral metamaterial with overall compression‐twist deformation is achieved. The mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the 3D chiral metamaterial are analyzed. The twist angle and the equivalent stress‐strain relationship of the ICTLC are derived based on the deformation of its inclined rods under compression. An analytical solution for the twist angle of the 3D chiral metamaterial under in‐plane compression is also presented. Both experiments and numerical simulations are conducted to verify the compression‐twist performance of the proposed 3D chiral metamaterial. Additionally, the effects of the geometric parameters and the number of the ICTLC on the mechanical behavior and twist performance of the 3D chiral metamaterial are also investigated. The results indicate that, with a constant ratio of longitudinal ICTLC layers to transverse ICTLC rows (and columns), the compressive strength of the metamaterial increases while maintaining efficient compression‐twisting deformation performance as the number of ICTLCs increases. These findings provide insights for the design of metamaterials with enhanced compression‐twist coupling deformation.
Stable Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Sb(III) Halide Scintillator for Nonplanar Ultra‐Flexible X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Meng Haixing , Li Ying , Zhang Fei , Niu Shifeng , Zhu Minqi , Shi Zhifeng , Shen Guozhen
Published: November 2024

Flexible scintillator screens with excellent stability and low detection limits are crucial for X‐ray imaging applications. 0D organic metal halide materials have emerged as a strong contender in the scintillator fields, owing to their excellent optical characteristics and simple maneuverability. Herein, high‐quality and large quantities of C38H36P2Sb2Cl8 single crystals are synthesized through a simple solution approach. The prepared single crystals with dimer‐structure [Sb2Cl8]2− exhibit yellow emission with a near‐unity high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 99.8%, and possess an exceptional light yield of 41300 photons MeV−1, and a detection limit as low as 45.6 nGyair s−1. On this basis, a large‐size and ultra‐flexible C38H36P2Sb2Cl8 scintillator utilized for X‐ray imaging is prepared by template assembled method, demonstrating a high spatial resolution of 8.15 lp mm−1. The prepared ultra‐flexible scintillator screen can achieve excellent X‐ray imaging even after multiple bending and stretching, which can also provide clear non‐planar X‐ray imaging for irregular objects. In addition, the scintillator shows excellent stability in light, heat, X‐ray irradiation, and water. These results not only expand the optoelectronic application field of organic‐inorganic hybrid antimony halides but also promote the rapid development of efficient ultra‐flexible scintillators.
Enabling High‐Rate and Long‐Cycling Zinc–Air Batteries with a ΔE = 0.56 V Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst
Authors: Wang Juan , Fang Xuan‐Qi , Liu Jia‐Ning , Song Yun‐Wei , Zhao Meng , Li Bo‐Quan , Huang Jia‐Qi
Published: November 2024

Zn–air batteries (ZABs) are promising next‐generation energy storage devices due to their low cost, intrinsic safety, and environmental benignity. However, the sluggish kinetics of the cathodic reactions severely limits the ZAB performances in practical use, calling for high‐efficiency bifunctional oxygen reduction and evolution electrocatalysts. Herein, an ultrahigh‐active bifunctional electrocatalyst is developed with a record‐low ΔE of 0.56 V, significantly outperforming the noble‐metal‐based benchmark (Pt/C+Ir/C, ΔE = 0.77 V) and many other reported bifunctional electrocatalysts (mostly ΔE ≥ 0.60 V). The nanoscale composite of Fe‐based single‐atom sites and nanosized layered double hydroxides endows the bifunctional electrocatalyst with high conductivity and a large active surface that afford strengthened electron conduction and ion transport pathways. Furthermore, a remarkable improvement in stability is realized following the current division principle. ZABs with the bifunctional electrocatalyst deliver a high peak power density of 198 mW cm−2 and excellent cycling durability for over 6000 cycles. Moreover, ampere‐hour‐scale ZABs are constructed and cycled under 1.0 A and 1.0 Ah conditions. This work breaks the activity record for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis and expands the potential of ZABs for sustainable energy storage.
Engineering Molecule‐Designed In Situ Polymerization on Al‐Doped Molecular‐Sieve Framework Enables Robust Quasi‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Xu Xiaosa , Chen Junjie , Li Jin , Wang Zhenyu , Shen Jiadong , Lin Pengzhu , Sun Jing , Huang Baoling , Zhao Tianshou
Published: November 2024

Achieving fast Li+ transport kinetics and stable electrode/electrolyte interfaces is of paramount importance, yet extremely challenging for the practical success of solid‐state lithium metal batteries, which requires the rational design of the structure and composition of solid‐state electrolytes. Herein, a composite quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte is fabricated through in situ polymerization of a molecule‐designed polymer chain within the functionalized molecular sieve framework (Al‐MCM41). In this design, the robust Brønsted/Lewis acid–base interactions between Al‐MCM41 and TFSI− facilitate the dissociation of lithium salt, leading to a Li+ transference number as high as 0.81. Meanwhile, the well‐ordered mesopores of Al‐MCM41 act as the “reservoir” of the polymer chain, creating continuous ionic migration pathways to offer an excellent Li+ conductivity of 1.09 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 30 °C. Furthermore, the polymer with fluorinated and nitrided functional groups guarantees a dual‐reinforced anode and cathode interface. Such an integrated electrolyte with simultaneous unimpeded Li+ transport and robust interfaces delivers extraordinary capacity retention of 84.6% over 600 cycles at 5 C when coupled with LiFePO4 cathode and remarkable reversible capacity of 129.0 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles with high‐voltage NCM622 cathode. This work provides a significant avenue for enhancing the practical feasibility of solid‐state lithium metal batteries.
Strong Ion‐Dipole Interactions for Stable Zinc‐Ion Batteries with Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Huang Hao , Du Qinling , Chen Zixuan , Deng Hongzhong , Yan Changyuan , Deng Xianyu
Published: November 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries are widely recognized as promising alternatives to lithium batteries due to their excellent safety, environmental compatibility, and cost‐effectiveness. Nonetheless, the formation of dendrites, corrosion, and undesirable side reactions on the zinc surface pose significant challenges to the cycling stability of zinc‐ion batteries. In this study, polar propylene carbonate (PC) is paired with tetrafluoroborate anions to establish a strong ion‐dipole interaction. Strong ion‐dipole interaction can not only alter the solvation structure of zinc ions but also facilitate the formation of a dynamic double electric layer on the surface of the zinc electrode, suppressing the formation of ZnF2 interface and carbonate, thereby facilitating uniform zinc ion deposition, and consequently improving battery cycling stability over a broad temperature range. Concretely, the formulated electrolyte enhances the cycling stability of the battery over a wide temperature range of −30 to 40 °C, accompanied by a capacity retention of ≈100% even after 10 000 cycles at −30 °C. The symmetrical battery utilizing this electrolyte exhibits stable cycling performance for over 1200 h at 25 °C and 1900 h at −30 °C, respectively. The findings provide a promising direction for the development of long‐cycle batteries capable of operating over a wide temperature range.
Recent Advances in Nanomaterial‐Mediated Cell Death for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Luo Min , Wang Yuan‐min , Zhao Fu‐kun , Luo Yong
Published: November 2024

Nanomedicine has shown great anticancer potential by disrupting redox homeostasis and increasing the levels of oxidative stress, but the therapeutic effect is limited by factors including the intrinsic self‐protection mechanism of tumors. Cancer cell death can be induced by the exploration of different cell death mechanisms, such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, cuproptosis, and ferroptosis. The merging of nanotechnology with biomedicine has provided tremendous opportunities to construct cell death‐based nanomedicine for innovative cancer therapy. Nanocarriers are not only used for the targeted delivery of cell death inducers, but also as therapeutic components to induce cell death to achieve efficient tumor treatment. This review focuses on seven cell death modalities mediated by nanomaterials, such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, cuprotosis, immunogenic cell death, and autophagy. The mechanisms of these seven cell death modalities are described in detail, as well as the preparation of nanomaterials that induce them and the mechanisms, they used to exert their effects. Finally, this work describes the potential future development based on the current knowledge related to cell death induced by nanomaterials.
Ultrafast Na‐Ion Storage in Amorphization Engineered Hollow Vanadium Oxide/MXene Nanohybrids for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Yuan Jun , Pan Duo , Chen Junxiang , Liu Yangjie , Yu Jiaqi , Hu Xiang , Zhan Hongbing , Wen Zhenhai
Published: November 2024

Sodium ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) address the high power and energy requirements in energy storage devices but face significant challenges arising from the slow kinetics and cycling instability of the anode side. Introducing atomic disorder and employing structural engineering in anode materials proves to be effective strategies for achieving rapid charge storage. Here, it is demonstrated that N‐doped MXene encapsulated amorphous vanadium oxide hollow spheres (VOx@N‐MXene HSs) offer multidirectional open pathways and sufficient vacancies, enabling reversible and fast Na+ insertion/extraction. Machine learning potentials, coupled with molecular simulation techniques, confirm the presence of more abundant pores within the amorphous vanadium oxide (VOx) structure. The simulation of the charging/discharging process elucidates the authentic reaction path and structural evolutions of the VOx@N‐MXene HSs, providing sufficient insight into the atomic‐scale mechanisms associated with these structural superiorities. The full SIHCs devices demonstrate a high energy density of 198.3 Wh kg−1, along with a long‐term cycling lifespan of 8000 cycles. This study offers valuable strategies into the intricate design and exploration of amorphous electrodes, contributing to the advancement of next‐generation electrochemical energy devices.
A Supramolecular Wire Able to Self‐Assemble on Gold Surface: Controlling the Film Length to Optimize the Device Lifetime and Electron Transfer Efficiency
Authors: Kubitzky Sascha , Lettieri Raffaella , Passaretti Elena , Venanzi Mariano , De Zotti Marta , Mazzuca Claudia , Placidi Ernesto , Gatto Emanuela
Published: November 2024

A chemical “lego nanoset” has been used to realize different structures on gold surfaces. Three building blocks have been designed, in order to chemically link the surface and self‐assemble in an ordered manner. Self‐assembled films are arranged on a gold surface into 3D suprastructures via consecutive deposition of different mono‐layers, taken together by thymine‐adenine hydrogen bonds. Three films, composed of one, two, and three helical peptide layers, both containing a zinc‐tetraphenylporphyrin dye as an external sheet, are built and characterized by spectro‐electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. All films are found to generate current under illumination, and their photoresponse and stability are studied as a function of the number of peptide layers. The efficiency of the photoconversion process has been correlated to the molecular organization of the porphyrin dyes in the film and to the templating role of the bridge between the porphyrin and the gold surface.
Highly Efficient and Integrated Nonlinear Airy Beams Generation
Authors: Yang Qian , Ye Xiaona , Liu Haigang , Chen Xianfeng
Published: November 2024

Owing to its peculiar non‐diffraction, self‐acceleration, and self‐healing properties, the Airy beam has attracted a great deal of attention in various fields such as micro‐manipulation, plasma generation, and optical microscopy. To date, it is still a challenge to generate nonlinear Airy beams with microstructure efficiently, thus limiting applications of such Airy beams. Here, a novel and efficient method for generating Airy beams is experimentally demonstrated by microstructure on a nonlinear crystal surface, which is fabricated by a focused ion beam (FIB) technique. The second‐harmonic (SH) Airy beams are generated in the far field and characterize their intensity distributions, which agree well with theoretical results. Then, the self‐accelerating and self‐healing properties of the generated SH Airy beams are demonstrated. Besides, the normalized efficiency of SH Airy beams is measured at (1.44 × 10−5%W−1), and compare the efficiency of different methods of generating nonlinear Airy beams, which shows the advantages of this method. The proposed method of generating nonlinear Airy beams shows great potential for integrated optics, optical micro‐machining, and advanced imaging.
High‐Fidelity Information Transmission Through the Turbulent Atmosphere Utilizing Partially Coherent Cylindrical Vector Beams
Authors: Yao Linxuan , Zhang Hui , Yuan Yangsheng , Gao Yaru , Liang Chunhao , Ponomarenko Sergey A. , Cai Yangjian
Published: November 2024

As the demand for high‐capacity and high‐fidelity communication systems continues to increase, addressing the challenges posed by noise and atmospheric turbulence disturbances is imperative. This study introduces and experimentally implements a novel free‐space optical communication protocol. This protocol combines the advantages of reducing the spatial coherence of light at the source with the capabilities of convolutional neural networks at the receiver to encode and transmit optical images through a noisy link. Light beams that are robust against noise are generated and atmospheric turbulence is modeled in a laboratory setting by decreasing the degree of spatial coherence of the source. Eight orbital angular momentum states, four polarizations, and eight coherence states of a light source that generates partially coherent cylindrical vector beams are utilized. These elements are employed to achieve a 256‐ary encoding/decoding data transmission within our protocol. This study is expected to catalyze further research into the utilization of partially coherent light and neural networks in the realm of free‐space optical communications.
Visible‐Light Enabled Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐3‐Sulfonylmethyl‐1,2,4‐Triazoles by Arylazo Sulfones
Authors: Nicchio Luca , Di Terlizzi Lorenzo , Fagnoni Maurizio , Neuville Luc , Protti Stefano , Masson Geraldine
Published: November 2024

We present a novel and highly efficient method for synthesizing polyfunctionalized 1,2,4‐triazoles. This approach leverages visible light and arylazo sulfones in combination with N‐vinyl amides, in the environmentally friendly solvent ethyl acetate. Remarkably, the reaction proceeds without the need for (photo)catalysts, ensuring near‐perfect atom economy and producing only water as a by‐product. This method exhibits excellent functional group tolerance and can be scaled for both batch and continuous‐flow processes.
Synthesis of 3‐Chloroindoles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Chlorocyclization of Unmasked 2‐Alkynylanilines
Authors: Zheng Yongpeng , Li Jianxiao , Wu Wanqing , Qi Chaorong , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: November 2024

Described herein is the discovery of a palladium‐catalyzed chlorocylization strategy for the synthesis of 3‐chloroindoles tolerated with a wide range of functional groups in moderate to excellent yields. In this transformation, the solvent effect is so important that only THF presents the positive effect. Furthermore, the present method provides an essay access to the N‐unprotected 3‐chloroindoles. A mechanism study showed that 2‐alkynlanilines were catalyzed by palladium to from corresponding indoles, followed by copper‐mediated oxidation chlorination to deliver the 3‐chloroindoles products.
Luminescent Multifunctional Nanomaterials: Capacitive Removal and Enhanced Detection Efficiency of Heavy Metals Ions for Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Application
Authors: Chenab Karim Khanmohammadi , Zamani‐Meymian Mohammad‐Reza , Qasemi Elham
Published: November 2024

In recent years, heavy metal ions pollution in the industrialized environment of the societies threaten human health that flaunt ill‐sorted blueprints in freshwater resources obviously. The paradigm of designing luminescent multifunctional nanomaterials finds directions to the strategies of synthesizing cost‐effective, green, and versatile nanomaterials not only for detection, but also removal process of heavy metal ions in large scale applications. Among them, discovering the advances of luminescent multifunctional nanomaterials provides broad types of biomaterials, polymers and porous nanoparticles that grabs focal of investigations over the past several years due to their unique advantages such as enhanced detection efficiency with lowest limit of detection (LOD), minimum ions interference in versatile removal process, fast responsivity and selectivity as outstanding as unique physicochemical properties. This review paper tries to highlight the paradigm of principles for design, development, and utilization of luminescence nanomaterials for considering fundamental detection and removal mechanisms of heavy metal ions. In particular, these nanomaterials increase the remediation quality that are tackled in detail by focusing on opportunities and challenges in the field. Finally, design methods of these nanomaterials and concentrating on empowered detection and removal efficiency for heavy metals ions highlights novel prospective and strategies for largescale applications.
Nanotechnology‐Based Systems for Enhancing the Efficacy of Sonodynamic Therapy in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wang Yidong , Nomikou Nikolitsa
Published: November 2024

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a minimally invasive cancer therapeutic modality that utilizes low‐intensity ultrasound to activate sensitizers for the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the site‐specific ablation of tumors. Compared to conventional cancer treatments, SDT has no adverse side effects, has been shown to radically reduce tumor volume, and has the potential to raise antitumor immune response. Ever‐increasing studies have demonstrated that nanotechnology can significantly enhance the efficacy of SDT against certain cancers and improve its therapeutic effects. Nanosystems are developed that can improve the intratumoral delivery and cellular uptake of sensitizers, can reduce intrinsic cancer defenses against ROS, can act synergistically for the production of ROS and can tackle cancer immune tolerance. In this review, the various strategies to enhance SDT performance with the assistance of nanotechnology, and the outstanding research outcomes, are discussed.
The Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Structure, Crystal‐Field Strength, and Emission Properties of Neat and Ni2+‐Activated KMgF3
Authors: Umar Zafari , Khyzhun Oleg , Kurboniyon Mekhrdod S. , Yamamoto Tomoyuki , Brik Mikhail G. , Novita Mega , Barzowska Justyna , Piasecki Michal
Published: November 2024

To understand excellent emission and sensitivity for hydrostatic pressure luminescent ions host material, the first principles calculations carried out within density functional theory (DFT) framework are performed to clarify the electronic structure of neat and doped with Ni2+ ions KMgF3 single crystals. The results of band structure calculations show that F2p states are the principal contributors to the KMgF3 valence band, mainly in its upper and central parts, while in the energy band gap of the KMgF3:Ni2+ phosphor, new electronic states associated with the Ni2+ 3d‐orbitals are formed. Furthermore, the zero phonon line (ZPL) spin‐forbidden transition emission energies, (3A2⇄1E) ZPL, (3A2⇄3T2) ZPL, strength of the octahedral crystal field, 10Dq (3A2→3T2)ZPL, are calculated for the KMgF3:Ni2+ phosphor. Any changes of the Em(3A2⇄1E)ZPL transition energy of the KMgF3:Ni2+ phosphor with pressure increasing from 0 to 20 GPa are not detected, while the crystal‐field strength increases linearly with increasing pressure. Present results bring a foresight tool for predicting physicochemical properties of undoped and doped wide‐gap fluorides; KMgF3:Ni2+, without any toxic/harmful or expensive rare‐earth can be effectively used as an optical manometer in 0–20 GPa, which covers the almost whole pressure range available at present in Diamond anvil cell experiments.
TBL2 Promotes Tumorigenesis via PRMT5/WDR77‐Mediated AKT Activation in Breast Cancer
Authors: Lu Xiuqing , Zhang Chao , Zhu Lewei , Wang Sifen , Zeng Lijun , Zhong Wenjing , Wu Xuxia , Yuan Qi , Tang Hailin , Cui Shien , Tan Yeru , Li Yuehua , Wei Weidong
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignancy that affects women worldwide. Although transducing beta‐like 2 (TBL2), a member of the WD40 repeat protein family, has been implicated in various intracellular signaling pathways, its precise function in BC remains unclear. The expression of TBL2 is analyzed using real‐time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry in BC patient specimens. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis is employed to assess its prognostic significance. Proteomic analysis, immunoprecipitation tests, and protein immunoblotting are employed to examine the impact of TBL2 on AKT phosphorylation activation. The findings reveal selective overexpression of TBL2 in BC, correlating significantly with various clinicopathological characteristics and poor survival outcomes in patients with BC. Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, it is observed that TBL2 suppression inhibits BC cell proliferation, while TBL2 overexpression has the opposite effect. Mechanistically, TBL2 is identified as a scaffolding protein that promotes PRMT5 and WDR77 interaction. This interaction enhances the methyltransferase activity of PRMT5, leading to increased AKT phosphorylation activation and promotion of breast cancer cell proliferation. In conclusion, this study uncovers a novel function of TBL2 in the activation of AKT by PRMT5 and suggests TBL2 as a potential therapeutic target for BC treatment.
Targeting SLITRK4 Restrains Proliferation and Liver Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer via Regulating PI3K/AKT/NFκB Pathway and Tumor‐Associated Macrophage
Authors: Sun Xiaojiao , Zhang Junling , Dong Bingqi , Xiong Qingqing , Wang Xin , Gu Yanlun , Wang Zhiqi , Liu Huiyu , Zhang Jixin , He Xu , Liu Hongjin , Zhong Yi , Yi Chuxiao , Chi Xiaowei , Liu Zhenming , Pang Xiaocong , Cui Yimin
Published: November 2024

Liver metastasis is the major cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the lack of effective treatment. To explore novel drivers of CRC liver metastasis, the transcriptomes of primary paracancerous, colorectal tumors and metastases from human patients are profiled. It is found that SLIT‐ and NTRK‐like family member 4 (SLITRK4) is the top upregulated gene in liver metastases and is associated with worse overall survival of CRC patients. Multiple in vitro and in vivo models suggested SLITRK4 promoted CRC tumorigenesis, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis, and inhibition of it restrained CRC tumor growth and liver metastasis with a more profound effect on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Mechanistically, SLITRK4 overexpression significantly activated the PI3K/AKT/NFκB pathway, regulated extracellular matrix organization, and multiple cytokines expression. Furthermore, the results from coculture models and single‐cell RNA sequencing analyses suggested SLITRK4 promoted tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration and polarization. In addition, macrophage depletion significantly inhibited SLITRK4‐induced liver metastasis in CRC. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of SLITRK4 by using lipid‐polymer hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) for systemic siRNA delivery can effectively inhibit CRC liver metastasis. Taken together, these results pinpoint that SLITRK4 regulates CRC tumorigenesis and liver metastasis, and siRNA delivering NPs agents validate the therapeutic potential of targeting SLITRK4 in CRC.
The Spatial‐Temporal Alternative Splicing Profile Reveals the Functional Diversity of FXR1 Isoforms in Myogenesis
Authors: Wang Wei , Fan Xinhao , Liu Weiwei , Huang Yuxin , Zhao Shuhong , Yang Yalan , Tang Zhonglin
Published: November 2024

Alternative splicing (AS) is a fundamental mechanism contributing to proteome diversity, yet its comprehensive landscape and regulatory dynamics during skeletal muscle development remain largely unexplored. Here, the temporal AS profiles are investigated during myogenesis in five vertebrates, conducting comprehensive profiling across 27 developmental stages in skeletal muscle and encompassing ten tissues in adult pigs. The analysis reveals a pervasive and evolutionarily conserved pattern of alternative exon usage throughout myogenic differentiation, with hundreds of skipped exons (SEs) showing developmental regulation, particularly within skeletal muscle. Notably, this study identifies a muscle‐specific SE (exon 15) within the Fxr1 gene, whose AS generates two dynamically expressed isoforms with distinct functions: the isoform without exon 15 (Fxr1E15−) regulates myoblasts proliferation, while the isoform incorporating exon 15 (Fxr1E15+) promotes myogenic differentiation and fusion. Transcriptome analysis suggests that specifically knocking‐down Fxr1E15+ isoform in myoblasts modulates differentiation by influencing gene expression and splicing of specific targets. The increased inclusion of exon 15 during differentiation is mediated by the binding of Rbm24 to the intron. Furthermore, in vivo experiments indicate that the Fxr1E15+ isoform facilitates muscle regeneration. Collectively, these findings provide a comprehensive resource for AS studies in skeletal muscle development, underscoring the diverse functions and regulatory mechanisms governing distinct Fxr1 isoforms in myogenesis.
In Situ Growth of Mushroom‐Shaped Adhesive Structures on Flat/Curved Surfaces via Electrical Modulation
Authors: Tian Hongmiao , Li Yingze , Wang Duorui , Chen Qi , Jiang Yuanze , Liu Tianci , Li Xiangming , Wang Chunhui , Chen Xiaoliang , Shao Jinyou
Published: November 2024

Gecko‐inspired adhesives have an extraordinary impact on robotic manipulation and locomotion. However, achieving excellent adhesive performance on curved surfaces, especially undevelopable surfaces, is still challenging. This can be attributed to a considerable difference between the fabrication method and practical necessity, i.e., the adhesive structures are generally fabricated on a flat substrate whereas the manipulating surface is curved, resulting in a low adhesive strength. Here, an in‐situ growth strategy is proposed to fabricate mushroom‐shaped structures at micro/nano‐scale via electrical modulation on flat or curved surfaces. Since the adhesive structures are directly grown on target surfaces without a transfer procedure, they exhibit a large contact area and stress uniformity at the interface, corresponding to an excellent adhesive force. A comparison between grown structures using the proposed method and those fabricated using traditional approaches suggests that the adhesive forces are identical for flat testing surfaces, while the difference can be up to 4 times for developable surfaces and even 25 times for undevelopable surfaces. The proposed adhesion strategy extends the application prospects of gecko‐inspired adhesives from flat surfaces to curved ones, composed of developable and undevelopable surfaces, opening a new avenue to develop gecko‐inspired adhesive‐based devices and systems.
Isolation and Comprehensive Analysis of Cochlear Tissue‐Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Jiang Pei , Ma Xiangyu , Wang Xinlin , Huang Jingyuan , Wang Yintao , Ai Jingru , Xiao Hairong , Dai Mingchen , Lin Yanqin , Shao Buwei , Tang Xujun , Tong Wei , Ye Zixuan , Chai Renjie , Zhang Shasha
Published: November 2024

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) act as a critical mediator in intercellular communication. Compared to sEVs derived from in vitro sources, tissue‐derived sEVs can reflect the in vivo signals released from specific tissues more accurately. Currently, studies on the role of sEVs in the cochlea have relied on studying sEVs from in vitro sources. This study evaluates three cochlear tissue digestion and cochlear tissue‐derived sEV (CDsEV) isolation methods, and first proposes that the optimal approach for isolating CDsEVs using collagenase D and DNase І combined with sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Furthermore, it comprehensively investigates CDsEV contents and cell origins. Small RNA sequencing and proteomics are performed to analyze the miRNAs and proteins of CDsEVs. The miRNAs and proteins of CDsEVs are crucial for maintaining normal auditory function. Among them, FGFR1 in CDsEVs may mediate the survival of cochlear hair cells via sEVs. Finally, the joint analysis of single CDsEV sequencing and single‐cell RNA sequencing data is utilized to trace cellular origins of CDsEVs. The results show that different types of cochlear cells secrete different amounts of CDsEVs, with Kölliker's organ cells and supporting cells secrete the most. The findings are expected to enhance the understanding of CDsEVs in the cochlea.
Triphenylamine‐Functionalized Metal Nanoclusters for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Lin , Du Jieru , Wu Jiahao , Nan Zi‐Ang , Li Simin , Tang Xiongkai , Xie Zhenlang , Xu Qinghua , Gong Xuekun , He Jinlu , Chen Ruihao , Zheng Nanfeng , Shen Hui
Published: November 2024

Reported herein is a ligand engineering strategy to develop photoelectric active metal nanoclusters (NCs) with atomic precision. Triphenylamine (TPA), a typical organic molecule in the photoelectric field, is introduced for the first time to prepare atomically precise metal NCs that prove effective in the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The scalable synthetic prototype, unique electronic strucuture, and atomically precise structure of the cluster ([(AgCu)37(PPh3)8(TPA‐C≡C)24]5+) are illustrated in this work. When being employed as a buffer layer in the perovskite/HTL interface of PSCs, significantly enhanced performance is observed. The resultant n‐i‐p devices achieved a substantial power conversion efficiency as high as 25.1% and long‐term stability. The findings offer valuable insights into preparing functionalized metal NCs that play multiple roles in improving the performance of the device: while the inorganic metal core enhances conductivity, the organic TPA shell promotes the “carrier transfer” between the perovskite and HTL layer and prevents the perovskite from corrosion.
Recyclable Robust Plastic Scintillation Resin Achieving the Exceptional Separation and Detection of Technetium‐99
Authors: Liu Tonghuan , Hu Yichen , Yang Junqiang , Hu Kesheng , Qi Bei , Zhou Yun , Tong Juan , Wang Man , Huang Liang , Shi Keliang , Hou Xiaolin
Published: November 2024

Rapid detection and absorption of 99TcO4⁻ contamination in the environment are critical due to its high radioactivity, long half‐life, and significant environmental mobility. Resins have been demonstrated effective bifunctional properties for both the detection and separation of 99TcO4⁻. However, the poor stability of these compounds limits their practical application. Here, a chemical grafting strategy is presented to synthesize ultra‐stable plastic scintillation resin, in which 4‐vinylpyridine and divinylbenzene are cross‐linked as matrix polymer to withstand extreme conditions and a fluorophore “shield” to convert beta radiation into detectable signals. As expected, the as‐obtained resin exhibits a high adsorption capacity of 549.2 mg g⁻¹ for 99TcO4⁻ with a rapid kinetic response of just 10 min as well as superior selectivity at 1000 times excess of interfering ions and full reusability. Moreover, it showed remarkable stability under 800 kGy, 3.0 mol L−1 HNO3 or 2.5 L solution continuous leaching, consistently maintaining high separation and detection efficiency after recycling 10 times. This strategy paves a new way to develop stable resin for the rapid capture and accurate measurement of 99TcO4⁻, which owns great potential for practical application.
Downshifting Encapsulant: Optical Simulation Evaluation of the Solution to Ultraviolet‐Induced Degradation in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Binbin , Bittkau Karsten , Eberst Alexander , Zhang Kai , Liu Yanxin , Yang Jinli , Duan Weiyuan , Yaqin Muhammad Ainul , Smirnov Vladimir , Zhou Chunlan , Wang Wenjing , Xu Xiaohua , Lambertz Andreas , Rau Uwe , Ding Kaining
Published: November 2024

Ultraviolet (UV)‐induced degradation (UVID) poses a significant challenge for the prospective mass production of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, known for their high efficiency. In this study, the magnified impact of UV radiation when employing a silicon carbide (SiC)‐based transparent passivating contact (TPC) on the front side of SHJ solar cells is reported. A reduction in open‐circuit voltage (VOC), short‐circuit current (JSC), and fill factor of 12%, 6%, and 11%, respectively, is observed after UV exposure. Conventional UVID mitigation measures, UV‐blocking encapsulation, are assessed through single‐cell TPC laminates, revealing an unavoidable tradeoff between current loss and UVID. Alternatively, the utilization of ultraviolet‐downshifting (UV‐DS) encapsulants is proposed to convert UV radiation into the visible light spectrum. An optical simulation method, conducted via OPAL2, is presented to evaluate UV‐DS encapsulants for diminishing UVID in SHJ solar cells with different front contacts. A simple methodology is proposed to mimic the optical property of UV‐DS encapsulants. In the simulation results, additional current gains of up to 0.33 mA cm−2 achievable with suitable UV‐DS encapsulants are highlighted. The factors related to the UV‐DS effects are evaluated and the optimization pathway for UV‐DS encapsulants is elucidated.
Vapor–liquid phase equilibrium prediction for mixtures of binary systems using graph neural networks
Authors: Sun Jinke , Xue Jianfei , Yang Guangyu , Li Jingde , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2024

Vapor–liquid phase equilibrium (VLE) plays a crucial role in chemical process design, process equipment control, and experimental process simulation. However, experimental acquisition of VLE data is a challenging and complex task. As an alternative to experimentation, VLE data prediction offers great convenience and utility. In this article, an artificial intelligence network is proposed to predict the temperature and the vapor phase composition of binary mixtures. We constructed a graph neural network (GNN) and designed an uncertainty‐aware learning and inference mechanism (UALF) in the prediction process. The model was tested on both a self‐constructed dataset and a publicly available dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reveals the phase equilibrium properties of the target data. This work presents a novel approach for predicting vapor–liquid phase equilibrium in binary systems and proposes innovative ideas for investigating phase equilibrium mechanisms and principles.