bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coping with Variation in the Icelandic Diachronic Treebank
Authors: Rögnvaldsson Eiríkur , Ingason Anton Karl , Sigurðsson Einar Freyr
Published: September 2020

We present an overview of an ongoing project which has the aim of developing methods for building a treebank of Icelandic. The treebank will contain both written and spoken language, and in addition have a diachronic dimension. Since Icelandic is an example of what has been called a less-resourced language when it comes to computational linguistics and language technology, it is essential to utilize the limited resources available as economically and efficiently as possible. We emphasize the importance of open source software and the interplay between linguistic knowledge and technological skills. We describe the workflow in the construction of the treebank and show how the different software tools work together towards the final representation. Finally, we show how the treebank can be used in studying some well known phenomena in Icelandic syntax.
Swiss Cheese for Lazy Speakers: Verb Omissions in Russian and Czech
Authors: Mažara Jekaterina
Published: September 2020

In this paper, I will examine a specialty of colloquial Russian - the omission of verbs - and compare it to the possibilities of verb omission in Czech, where this phenomenon is rather rare. The omissions in question are to be separated from compulsory ellipses, which will not be taken into account in this paper. They are also not to be regarded as zero lexemes, which are elusive to attempts of reconstruction. The nature of this third kind of omission itself presents a frame for the comparison, since these omissions can be placed along two scales, that of AMBIGUOUS/VAGUE VS. UNEQUIVOCALLY RECOVERABLE and FREE FORMATION VS. PHRASEOLOGICALLY BOUND PHRASE. The comparison of verb omissions in the two languages along these scales emphasizes the restrictions of omissions in Czech and the high degree of freedom in Russian. Moreover, verb omissions in Russian can lead to changes in the meaning of a sentence, whereas they seem to be merely a stylistic device in Czech.
Чередование О/А в корнях вторичных имперфективов
Authors: Sagitova Ajsylu
Published: September 2020

Основной задачей настоящей статьи является выявление условий и причин возникновения вариативности во вторичных имперфективах (типа обусловливать - обуславливать), а также факторов, способствующих сохранению корневого О на разных этапах истории русского языка.
«… между мною и тобой ниточка завяжется». Русский глагол «вязать» в сопоставлении со шведским языком
Authors: Лённгрен Тамара
Published: September 2020

abstract
A database of Russian verbal aspect
Authors: Janssen Maarten , Borik Olga
Published: September 2020

This paper describes a pilot project for a database of Russian verbal aspect. All prefixed verbs in the database are linked to their base form. Independently of this, all the verbs are classified as either perfective, imperfective or biaspectual, and the members of a perfective/imperfective opposition with the same derivational base are linked to each other. The linked members can further be classified into aspectual (perfective/imperfective) pairs. To keep the database as theory independent as possible, we establish the relation between the members of an aspectual pair for the largest part semi-automatically, on the basis of the information provided in their dictionary definitions. The databse is not meant as a model by itself, but it intended to provide empirical grounds for data generalizations which, in turn, can be used to support theoretical explanations. After the description of the database itself, we discuss a number of general claim about Russian aspect, and verify them against the database. Amongst other things, we show that not all prefixed verbs are perfective, and that there is no relation between the meaning of a prefixed за- verb and the presence or absence of a direct object.
Can Choosing the Form of a Name Be an Act of Identity?
Authors: Pedersen Aud-Kirsti
Published: September 2020

This paper discusses if place names can be used to construct and express identity, with a focus on the Norwegian names of farms and parishes. Since the Norwegian Place Name Act came into existence in 1991, the many appeals in regard to official spellings as decided by the authorities give clear indication that Norwegians have different opinions of how the names of farms and parishes should be spelled compared to names referring to natural features. Many people prefer the spelling of names of natural features to be as close as possible to the dialectal pronunciation, whereas they prefer older, often ornamental spellings or spellings which differ from the pronunciation when it comes to the names of farms and parishes. This paper looks at the reasons for these attitudes towards the spelling of place names, and is highlighted by some theory pertaining to language and identity.
Toponyms and the Political and Ethnic Identity in Serbia
Authors: Rajić Ljubiša
Published: September 2020

In the course of the last 150 years about 25 place-name changes have taken place in Belgrade. Some were more significant than others, and some of the renamed places have suffered as many as six name changes. These changes are part of a blanket process that includes renaming of state administration institutions, research institutes, schools, universities, factories, museums, sport clubs, etc., as well as personal names. This process reflects political, economic, demographic, and cultural changes serving the purpose of constructing and reconstructing political, ethnic, religious, and cultural identity, as well as political relations, and history. In this paper the author discusses this renaming process, its causes and consequences, as well as its potential for constructing and reconstructing reality.
Personal Names and Identity in Literary Contexts
Authors: Windt-Val Benedicta
Published: September 2020

This article is an attempt to show the close connection between a person's given name and their feeling of identity and self. This connection is very important - it has even been stated that the parents' choice of name for their child will have an influence on the development of the personality of the child. Moreover, personal names and place names are some of the most important tools of the author in the creation of credible characters placed in a literary universe that gives the impression of being authentic. Many authors from different countries have related their view of the significance of names and naming, not only as a source of information for the reader, but also as an important part of making the characters real to the authors themselves during the process of writing.
The Puzzle of Albanian po
Authors: Joseph Brian D.
Published: September 2020

This paper discusses the aspectual particle po in Albanian. The etymology and use of the particle is discussed in relation to its Indo-European background, its Balkan context and its position within the grammatical system of Albanian.
Word Order and Accent Placement in Topics, Foci, and Markers of Discourse Continuity
Authors: Yanko Tatiana
Published: September 2020

This paper is aimed at analyzing the markers of the topic, the focus, and discourse continuity in their coordination. The main problem of expressing the discourse continuity is that it is generally identical with the means designating the topic: there is no formal difference in either the corresponding pitch accents or the principles of the choice of the words to carry them. Nevertheless, certain strategies of marking the topic, the focus, and discourse incompleteness autonomously within a single clause where the topic, the focus, and discourse incompleteness have distinct words accent-bearers and the applicable pitch accents are found in a variety of languages. The parameters of such strategies are discussed. These patterns are exemplified below by the Russian, German, and English data.
Categories of definiteness in Classical Armenian
Authors: Müth Angelika
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the use of the definite article in semantic and pragmatic categories in the Greek and Classical Armenian New Testament translation is compared. Greek and Classical Armenian agree in their use of the definite article only in NPs determined by contrastive attributes. In all other categories the systems of both languages differ. Generally, Armenian avoids the definite article with proper nouns and nouns with unique reference, while definite articles with proper names in Greek are common (with the exception of sacred or especially “respected” persons such as prophets). If the definite article is present in Greek, it is often motivated by pragmatic factors (e.g. re-topicalization, etc.). There is no clear evidence in Armenian for the use of the definite article as a marker of generic reference, nor for the use in NPs determined by superlative, comparative or ordinal attributes.
Norm Selection and Standardisation in Gamo
Authors: Wasse Gelagay Almaz
Published: September 2020

This research deals with norm selection practices and the accompanying challenges in the standardisation process of Gamo Omotic North Ometo language. The language has recently developed a written form which mainly serves as a medium of instruction. In attempting to explore the construction of written norms, this research has applied concepts that focus on how the use of a language affects a society (Labov 1970: 30, cited in Wardhaugh 2006:16) and what social conditions inspire the legitimisation and construction of a standard norm (Bourdieu 1991). A linguistic approach (Byron 1978:398) has been used to trace the norm selection practices in written Gamo. The data has come from written documents, interviews and focus group discussions. This analysis of the salient issues uncovers the underlying problems of the standardisation process (Kaplan and Baldauf 1997:88). The results demonstrated that the standard norm is based on the Northern dialects of Gamo, especially the Ɗače dialect. By assessing the current trends of standardisation and the social views towards it, this research argues for a 'dialect democracy approach' where norms of various dialects are unified and a neutral standard is established (Msimang 1998).
Social and Pragmatic Rules of Cursing and Other Routine Formulas in Gurage and Norwegian Culture
Authors: Menuta Fekede , Vatvedt Fjeld Ruth
Published: September 2020

The Gurage are South Ethiosemitic speakers living in the Gurage Zone in Ethiopia. In the Gurage culture, cursing expressions have differing sociological significance. They are used both literally and pragmatically. Although the cursing expressions are endangered due to modern religions, they are not well studied and documented. The objective of this article is to describe the sociolinguistic and pragmatic meanings and the structural patterns of cursing expressions in the Gurage culture, and then to compare the expressions with Nordic countries’ cursing to uncover if there are universal tendencies in the rules and routines of cursing. The study follows qualitative research methodology. The cursing expressions were partly collected from literature and largely elicited from key informants. For the cursing in Gurage, the Gumer variety, from among other 12 dialect clusters of Guragina, was chosen to maintain uniformity in description. The findings showed that self-cursing in Gurage is used to express regret, encouragement, admiration, congratulation, condolence and politeness. Alter cursing is used to cause fear, to express emotions and negative attitude towards others. Age and gender determine cursing practice. Only elder men can take part in formal group alter cursing. Women generally curse themselves and individuals in informal situations. Formal alter cursing in Gurage is graded by elders for its severity. Cursing in the Nordic countries of today is more restricted to psychological functions and a kind of identity construction. In the past, however, several of its functions were similar to the ones in Gurage.
Academic Vocabulary in Teacher Talk: Challenges and Opportunities for Pedagogy
Authors: Coxhead Averil
Published: September 2020

This article focuses on the opportunities and challenges afforded by teacher talk in Grade Six (10 and 11 year old students) English as an Additional Language, Maths, and Science classes in an international school context in Germany. Teachers recorded their classroom discourse for one week of classes three times in one academic year in each subject. The data shows that high frequency vocabulary prevails in all three subject areas, and Science has a higher vocabulary load than the other two subjects overall. The amount of academic vocabulary, measured by Coxhead’s (2000) Academic Word List, and science vocabulary, measured by Coxhead & Hirsh’s EAP Science List (2007), were lower over the teacher talk than over secondary school textbooks. This means that teacher talk is lexically easier than textbooks. Over the course of the year, the vocabulary load of the teacher talk increases in all three subjects. This article looks at opportunities and challenges presented by the lexis of teacher talk in these subjects for second and foreign language students in these classes and their teachers. Suggestions for further research are presented by way of a conclusion.
Preparing EFL Students for University EMI Programs: The Hidden Challenge
Authors: Arnbjörnsdóttir Birna
Published: September 2020

This chapter discusses the specific challenges faced by Icelandic students trained in traditional English as a Foreign Language (EFL) when they enter university programs that are partially or entirely taught in English (English as a Medium of Instruction, EMI). This includes the measures taken by the Department of English to meet English majors’ and non-English majors’ growing demand for academic English support. The lack of academic English skills of Icelandic students is a “hidden challenge” (Ingvarsdóttir and Arnbjörnsdóttir, 2014) caused by an overconfident perception of students’ English proficiency by University officials and by the students themselves. The goal of the Department of English is to bring students quickly to a level of academic English that allows them to access curriculum and instruction where ENL (English as a Native Language) norms are expected. As the identified challenges differ from those encountered in students’ previous EFL dominated environment with minimal writing experience, there is a critical need to adapt teaching and learning practices to a new linguistic context where English functions as an additional language. The article concludes with a description of a new intensive instructional approach that targets identified English academic literacy needs of students entering the University of Iceland. The foundation of the new approach is that all students can acquire skills in organizing ideas and composing clear and effective text in English across all genres. The approach accomplishes this by developing awareness of English writing conventions, knowledge about which strategies to employ and when to employ them, revision skills and the persistence to rewrite until the text authentically reflects the views of the author. The idea is that through writing, students also gain an awareness of the nature of English academic texts and thereby hone their reading skills.
Validity in High- and Low-Stakes Tests: A Comparison of Academic Vocabulary and some Lexical Features in CLIL and non-CLIL Students’ Written Texts
Authors: Olsson Eva , Sylvén Liss Kerstin
Published: September 2020

In second language (L2) learning research, learners’ proficiency levels and progress are often investigated. Sometimes high-stakes tests, which are part of the school curriculum, are used for this purpose, but more often tests designed for the purpose of the specific research study are utilized. How do we know that tests of the latter kind actually show what learners know and can do, when they do not have any impact on school grades? In other words, how can we be sure that our informants do as well in low-stakes tests specifically designed for research purposes as they would in high-stakes tests that result in final grades, and thus have an impact on the individual’s future? The answer is, of course, that we can never know for sure. One way of finding out, though, is to compare results from high- and low-stakes tests.

In this study, we examine whether students display similar levels of performance when writing in high- and low-stakes contexts, with regard to the use of English academic vocabulary and some other linguistic features, more precisely text length, word length and variation of vocabulary. Thereby, we indirectly explore whether students have put a similar amount of effort into high- and low-stakes writing assignments. We investigate this by analyzing and comparing texts written under high- and low-stakes conditions. The purpose of the study is, firstly, to validate results obtained in the low-stakes writing assignments used in the large-scale longitudinal research project Content and Language Integration in Swedish Schools, CLISS, focusing in particular on results regarding productive academic vocabulary and the linguistic features mentioned above. Secondly, we hope that this study will shed new light on validity in relation to writing assignments in high- and low-stakes contexts in a more general sense, for instance with regard to the role of effort and motivation.
Linguistic Deviations in the Written Academic Register of Danish University Students
Authors: Blom Jonas Nygaard , Rathje Marianne , Jakobsen Bjarne le Fevre , Holsting Alexandra , Hansen Kenneth Reinecke , Svendsen Jesper Tinggaard , Vildhøj Thit Wedel , Lindø Anna Vibeke
Published: September 2020

Danish university students are often criticised for a general lack of proficiency in orthography, punctuation and grammar in the academic register. However, there has been limited empirical substantiation to support the claim. In this paper, we present the results of a study of linguistic deviations in university assignments written by first-year Journalism and Danish students at the University of Southern Denmark (N = 100 students). The results show that the majority of both groups struggles with Danish orthography and punctuation when writing academically, which seems to confirm some of the assertions made by the critics. However, it is argued that the inherent conflict of orthographic and punctuation principles in Danish as well as the specific characteristics and challenges of academic writing are more probable causes than the claimed general decline in the writing proficiency of students.
La traduzione degli elementi culturali nella letteratura per bambini
Authors: Johansen Helene
Published: September 2020

Culture is often transmitted in a text through lexemes termed realia words. These words are used to denominate culturally specific objects, but because they are culturally oriented they are very difficult to translate: various strategies are used by translators and are described in translation studies. This paper analyzes realia words used in the book Vaffelhjarte (Waffle Hearts) by the Norwegian children’s writer Maria Parr and translated into Italian. The study distinguishes different types of realia (personal names, place names, names of foods and drinks, names of holidays, and other names describing material culture) and the various strategies used to translate each type.
Polysemous Posture in English: A Case Study of Non-literal Meaning
Authors: Fraser Katherine
Published: September 2020

It has been observed that cross-linguistically the core posture verbs ‘sit’/‘stand/‘lie’ can extend their meaning beyond the literal sense encoding posture or spatial orientation (see Newman 2002 for an overview). In the cognitive literature, the conceptual background of these extensions has been discussed, but up to now, there has been no discussion of the non-literal senses in the theoretical linguistic literature, including how the different senses are disambiguated. This paper supplements the cognitive descriptions of posture verbs, presenting data from an independent corpus study and proposing a formal analysis. The in-depth investigation of one English posture verb, ‘sit’, yields an empirical generalization that contributes to the discussion surrounding non-literal meaning.
Counting Construcions and Coercion: Container, Portion and Measure Interpretations
Authors: Sutton Peter R. , Filip Hana
Published: September 2020

Counting constructions with mass terms like ‘two beers’ have at least two coerced interpretations depending on context. For example, ‘two beers’ can have either a container (count) interpretation of ‘two glasses filled with beer’ or a portion (count) interpretation of ‘two portions of beer, each (equivalent to) the contents of one glass’. The intriguing puzzle we address, which has escaped attention, is why it is hard to get a measure (mass) interpretation of ‘beer to the amount of two glassfuls’, despite the fact that this and the other two interpretations are available for full pseudo-partitives such as ‘two glasses of beer’. Our proposal rests on an idea, backed up by co-predication data, that the measure interpretation is derived from the portion interpretation. It follows from this that coerced measure interpretations of counting constructions with mass terms would require coercing an implicit portion concept such as GLASS into a measure interpretation, something which, we argue, cannot easily be done.
Coercion as Proof Search in Dependent Type Semantics
Authors: Kinoshita Eriko , Mineshima Koji , Bekki Daisuke
Published: September 2020

This paper presents an analysis of coercion and related phenomena in the framework of Dependent Type Semantics (DTS). Using underspecified terms in DTS, we present an analysis of selectional restriction as presupposition; we then combine it with a type called ‘transfer frame’ to provide an analysis of coercion. Our analysis focuses on the fact that coercion is triggered not only by type mismatch between predicates and their arguments, but also by more general inference with contextual information. We show how the analysis can be extended to copredication of logical polysemy and complement coercion. Finally, we will suggest that this analysis can shed light on an aspect of complicity that is invoked in interpreting coercion and other meaning-shifting phenomena.
Individual variation between translators in the use of clause building and clause reduction
Authors: Dirdal Hildegunn
Published: September 2020

Recent years have seen an increasing interest in translators’ voices as manifested in their writing style. The present study is an investigation of differences in the use of clause building and clause reduction, which has not so far been investigated in any depth with regard to individual variation. The findings show that translators have distinct styles both with respect to how closely they follow the source text and in the structures they prefer when they introduce changes. The study also demonstrates the importance of analysing changes in context, as translators may be forced to perform syntactic changes that are in principle optional because they have made certain choices in other places of the text. Finally, the study emphasizes the advantage of corpora comprising multiple translations of the same source text.
Found in translation – discourse markers out of the blue
Authors: Hauge Kjetil Rå
Published: September 2020

On the basis of literary translations, this study provides examples of how the function of discourse particles in a given language, in this case Bulgarian, can be better understood by examining cases where there is no discourse particle in the original, but one has been added by the translator. Clues to its function and validation of earlier analyses may then be found in the text and context of the original.
Предлоги движения и языковая картина мира: сопоставительный анализ семантики английского предлога to и русского предлога до
Authors: Чернышев Алексей
Published: September 2020

The semantics of prepositions is studied through the analysis of their cognitive models which expose distinctive features of the language view of world. A comparative analysis of semantic parameters included in the cognitive structures of prepositions “to” and “do” makes it possible to reveal peculiarities of the motion fragment in the English and Russian language view of world. Practical analysis of the article shows that although historical conceptualization of objects relation is the same both in English and Russian, cognitive models of the prepositions and national language view of world are different.
Dispersed motion metaphors of emotion in Slovene. A cognitive grammatical analysis of the prefix "raz-" in verbs of emotional experience
Authors: Będkowska-Kopczyk Agnieszka
Published: September 2020

This article analyzes Slovene constructions with verbs of emotional experience

formed by the prefix "raz-" (= in different directions, apart). The author

argues that the prefix metaphorically extends its spatial (physical) meaning and

denotes metaphorical motion resulting in the emergence of an emotional state

(i.e., the first stage of the emotion scripts) and the occurrence of a physical

reaction (i.e., the third stage). The author discusses not only metaphorical

extensions of the prefix but also how its spatial meanings are mapped onto the

course of an event of emotional change. The author also reflects on types of

causation implied by the experiencer-object and experiencer-subject of emotions, and on verbs of physical reaction that are prefixed by "raz-".
The Edisyn search engine
Authors: Kunst Jan Pieter , Wesseling Franca
Published: September 2020

Edisyn (European Dialect Syntax) is an ESF-funded project on dialect syntax. It runs at the Meertens Institute in Amsterdam from September 2005 until September 2010. It aims at achieving two goals. One is to establish a European network of (dialect)syntacticians that use similar standards with respect to methodology of data collection, data storage and annotation, data retrieval and cartography. The second goal is to use this network to compile an extensive list of so-called doubling phenomena from European languages/dialects and to study them as a coherent object. One of the deliverables of the Edisyn project is a web-based search engine to search different linguistic corpora simultaneously and show the combined search results.
Hansen, Gitte og Per Storemyr (eds.) 2017: Soapstone in the North Quarries; Products and People 7000 BC - AD 1700, UBAS 9, Universitetet i Bergen
Authors: Nyland Astrid J.
Published: September 2020

No summary.
Variasjon i praksis? Sammenføyingsteknikk – og materiale i nordnorske jernalderbåter.
Authors: Lund Thomas
Published: September 2020

Variation in practice? Joining-techniques in North Norwegian iron age boatsThe iron age burial custom where individuals are placed in seafaring vessels has traditionally been associated with large ships or smaller clinker build boats, such as the famous Oseberg ship found in Norway or the Nydam boat from Denmark. The overall impression of boats from this period have thus been that most of the vessels were constructed and joined with iron rivets consisting of a square nail and a dish shaped washer called a rove. A closer study of archaeological remains from boat burials in Northern Norway has revealed that this might not have been the case. By investigating the number and location of the rivets within the burial, several boats appear not to have been purely “clinker built”, but also fastened by a so called “sewing technique”, traditionally associated with older or Sami boatbuilding traditions. In addition, one of the newly found boat burials from Hillesøy in Troms county contained a boat completely lacking iron rivets. The main result of detailed comparison of all Iron Age boat burials from Northern Norway is exemplified by a selection of boats demonstrating varied use of joining-techniques. Furthermore, this article explores the contextual setting of these boats, arguing that the chosen boatbuilding techniques affected the functional aspects of the vessels and is thus related to their maritime activities.
Practical experiences with cross-disciplinary research – the case of Saving Oseberg.
Authors: Braovac Susan
Published: September 2020

Rapport
Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier 2017. Klimatet och människan under 12 000 år. Dialogos. Stockholm.
Authors: Seland Eivind Heldaas
Published: September 2020

Bokanmeldelse
Oma, K.A. (2018). The sheep people. The ontology of making lives, building homes and forging herds in early Bronze Age Norway. Equinox Publishing Ltd, Sheffield, UK; Bristol, CT.
Authors: Anderson David G.
Published: September 2020

Bokanmeldelse
Bender Jørgensen, Lise, Soafer Joanna og Marie Louise Stig Sørensen (eds.) 2018 Creativity in the Bronze Age. Understanding Innovation in Pottery, Textile, and Metalwork Production. Cambridge University Press..
Authors: Anfinset Nils
Published: September 2020

Bokanmeldelse
Control and Prevention of Mastitis: Part Two
Authors: Kerro Dego Oudessa
Published: September 2020

Current mastitis control measures are based upon good milking time hygiene; use of properly functioning milking machines; maintaining clean, dry, comfortable housing areas; segregation and culling of persistently infected animals; dry cow antibiotic therapy; proper identification and treatment of cows with clinical mastitis during lactation; establishing udder health goals; good record-keeping; regular monitoring of udder health status and periodic review of mastitis control program. Despite significant effect of these control measures when fully adopted, especially on contagious mastitis pathogens, these measures are not equally adopted by all farmers, and mastitis continues to be the most common and costly disease of dairy cattle throughout the world.
Modern Technologies for Pest Control: A Review
Authors: Agarwal Meenu , Verma Ayushi
Published: September 2020

The major concern for farmers is important loss due to pests and diseases, which is regardless of any production system adopted. Plant pathogens, insects, and weed pests devastate over 40% of all possible sustenance creation every year. This loss happens despite utilizing approximately 3 million tons of pesticide per year in addition to the use of a variety of nonchemical controls such as biological controls and crop rotations. If some of this food could be saved from pest attack, it could be utilized to bolster an excess of 3 billion people who are malnourished in the world today. Expansive range of conventional insecticides such as carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and organochlorines were developed. They have been used to control insect pests in the course of recent decades, resulting in the reduction of the loss of agricultural yield. However, problems of resistance reaching crisis proportions, the extreme unfavorable impacts of pesticides on the environment, and public complaints led to stricter protocols and regulations directed to reduce their utilization. The pest control industry is continuously examining novel technologies and products that will improve the way to manage and prevent pests. The general objective is to likewise diminish the effects of various available pesticides on the environment and on nontarget creatures, besides the economic influence on bottom lines.
Traços de resistência na obra de Augusto Roa Bastos
Authors: Almeida Carlos Henrique Lopes
Published: September 2020

Este estudo tem como proposta a análise de alguns traços de resistência presentes em algumas das produções literárias do autor paraguaio Augusto Roa Bastos. As obras escolhidas são Vigilia del Almirante (2008) e a trilogia Yo, el supremo (2003), El fiscal (2008) e El hijo del hombre (2003). O primeiro romance trata da volta ao período do descobrimento e desenvolve uma confrontação entre Colombo, os cronistas e o narrador. A trilogia se ocupa do cenários belicosos da história paraguaia e de alguns ditadores e suas relações com o poder. O tratamento dado a essa matéria histórica nas narrativas supracitadas pode ser entendida como traços de resistência, bem como alguns artifícios narrativos aplicados pelo autor. A análise será realizada a partir das discussões sobre Resistência e descobrimento propostos por Galeano (1989), Bitterli (2012) e Grützmacher (2009).
"Perdi as esperanças": o testemunho e a poesia de Alex Polari
Authors: Volkers Lívia , Salgueiro Wilberth Claython Ferreira
Published: September 2020

O artigo expõe e examina alguns traços da literatura de testemunho, em especial aqueles mais estreitamente vinculados ao âmbito germânico, mas estendendo-os ao contexto brasileiro. A seguir, propõe uma análise do poema “12.207”, presente no livro Inventário de cicatrizes (1978), de Alex Polari. Conclui, mostrando que a resistência à barbárie e à coisificação pode se dar a ver e se fortalecer a partir de registros diversos, desde os relatos testemunhais orais ou narrativos de sobreviventes de catástrofes, até poemas que, partindo de dramas pessoais, representam a história de uma grande dor coletiva.
O gênero construído: a influência do conceito na construção de identidade em Duas Iguais
Authors: Almeida Ana Luiza Nunes
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo visa entender a construção de gênero na literatura homoerótica. Para tanto, será analisada a novela Duas Iguais (1998), de Cintia Moscovich, afim de refletir a influência da constituição gendérica na elaboração identitária das personagens centrais. Dessa forma, como forma de elucidar essa questão, será discutida a teoria proposta acerca dessa temática e a forma como ela é discutida na narrativa literária.
Literatura e história: possibilidades de diálogo entre a Revolução dos Cravos e a ficção em As vésperas esquecidas, de Maria Isabel Barreno
Authors: Borges Francieli , Hoff Patrícia Cristine
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o preconceito - enquanto elemento presente na constituição e formação de sociedades patriarcais - a partir da leitura e interpretação de textos literários produzidos por autores gaúchos que abordam as relações de autoritarismo e poder existentes na sociedade sul-rio-grandense. Inicialmente, algumas considerações a respeito das relações entre literatura e sociedade são tecidas, seguidas pela discussão das relações de poder e preconceito presentes nas obras. A investigação se desenvolverá a partir dos contos Terça-feira gorda, de Caio Fernando Abreu e O negro Bonifácio, de João Simões Lopes Neto. É importante salientar que, apesar da distância histórica das obras e dos autores, ocorre uma aproximação temática quando se evidencia a presença de uma crítica aos preconceitos da sociedade na qual estão inseridas as personagens das obras. Para tanto, este trabalho fundamenta-se em autores como Theodor Adorno (2003), Walter Benjamin (1985), Antonio Candido (2000), entre outros.
“Tudo o que o mundo tem a lhe oferecer”: a monstruosidade em O cheiro do ralo, de Lourenço Mutarelli
Authors: Bertin Juliana Ciambra Rahe
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho analisa o monstro no romance O cheiro do ralo, de Lourenço Mutarelli, por meio da identificação de elementos que compõem a configuração de tais criaturas – como habitat, impureza, poder, prazer e liberdade. O monstro é uma construção cultural, um artifício para estabelecer fronteiras entre práticas permitidas e proibidas, entre a ordem e o caos, entre nós e eles. Na narrativa em questão, a monstruosidade do protagonista está ligada à maneira como ele se comporta, desafiando aquilo que é socialmente aceito.
Debret e Machado: vozes e imagens da escravidão no Brasil
Authors: Lopes Neto Gilson Ramos , Pereira Ourique João Luis
Published: September 2020

A escravidão institucionalizada no Brasil deu seus últimos suspiros apenas no fim do século XIX. Enquanto a Europa vivenciava o Positivismo comteano durante o auge vanguardista e promissor da Revolução Industrial, as barbáries vivas do sistema escravagista brasileiro ecoavam não apenas na literatura, mas também na pintura. Este estudo aborda o trabalho de dois remarcáveis artistas dessa época que se serviram da arte para denunciar, de forma sutil e ao mesmo tempo incisiva, a banalização das práticas escravagistas da época: o desenhista francês Jean-Baptiste Debret (1768-1848) e o escritor carioca Machado de Assis (1839-1908). Para fundamentar a discussão, será realizada uma análise epistemológico-comparativa entre 3 litografias de Debret e o conto “Pai contra mãe”, de Machado de Assis, considerando os subsídios teóricos que entendem a relação das imagens como narrativas a partir dos escritos de Alberto Manguel e da perspectiva da Dialética Negativa de Theodor Adorno.
Variasi morfologi puparium Bemisa tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) pada berbagai inang dan ketinggian tempat dari daerah endemik penyakit kuning cabai di Wilayah Sundaland
Authors: Rahayuwati Sat , Hidayat Purnama , Hidayat Sri Hendrastuti
Published: September 2020

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) dikenal sebagai salah satu kutukebul vektor virus gemini yang bersifat polifag. Identifikasi B. tabaci pada umumnya berdasarkan kantung nimfa instar keempat (puparium) yang memiliki mata berwarna merah. Bentuk nimfa instar keempat tersebut memiliki variasi morfologi. Adanya variasi morfologi ini menyebabkan kesulitan dalam identifikasi tingkat spesies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari variasi puparium B. tabaci pada tanaman inang di berbagai ketinggian tempat di atas permukaan laut. Sampel puparium B. tabaci diperoleh dari daerah endemik di Wilayah Sundaland penyakit kuning cabai di Sumatera Barat, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Bali, dan Kalimantan Selatan. Sebelum dilakukan analisa morfologi, puparium terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji molekuler dan dinyatakan sebagai B. tabaci. Puparium kemudian dipreparasi dalam preparat mikroskop dan dilakukan identifikasi morfologi pada level spesies. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengamatan ukuran dan bentuk puparium serta pengamatan jumlah seta dorsal dan ukuran seta kauda. Analisis korelasi kanonik digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi variasi puparium. Ada empat kelompok bentuk puparium B. tabaci, yaitu oval, oval dengan 1–2 lekukan, oval dengan >3 lekukan, dan bentuk seperti kerang laut. Terdapat hubungan antara jenis tanaman inang dan variasi morfologi puparium. Trikoma yang ada di permukaan daun tanaman inang menyebabkan terjadinya variasi jumlah seta dorsal yang memanjang, variasi bentuk, dan ukuran puparium. Variasi puparium B. tabaci lebih dipengaruhi oleh jenis tanaman inang daripada ketinggian tempat di atas permukaan laut.
Vloga makrolidnih antibiotikov pri zdravljenju kroničnih pljučnih bolezni
Authors: Badovinac Maja , Nadrah Kristina , Harlander Matevž
Published: September 2020

Kronične bolezni pljuč so eden vodilnih vzrokov obolevnosti in umrljivosti. Pri delu bolnikov kljub priporočeni terapiji ne dosežemo vselej zadovoljivega odgovora. Makrolidni antibiotiki so zaradi protivnetnih in antibiotičnih sposobnosti dobili svoje mesto pri dolgotrajnemu zdravljenju številnih kroničnih boleznih pljuč. Makrolidni antibiotiki zmanjšujejo nastanek biofilma, zmanjšujejo adherenco in mobilnost bakterij, vplivajo na izražanje tesnih stikov, spremenijo sestavo izmečka (mukusa) in povečajo občutljivost bakterij za druge antibiotike. Številne klinične raziskave so predvsem pri boleznih dihalnih poti pokazale pozitivne učinke za kakovost življenja in zmanjšale število poslabšanj. Pri uporabi moramo biti pazljivi na stranske učinke, predvsem pa kritični pri izbiri bolnikov za takšno zdravljenje, saj dolgotrajno jemanje makrolidnih antibiotikov vpliva na bakterijsko odpornost v širši populaciji.
Zdravljenje z bevacizumabom pri bolnikih z aktivno proliferativno diabetično retinopatijo po narejeni panretinalni laserski fotokoagulaciji
Authors: Urbančič Mojca
Published: September 2020

Namen: Oceniti rezultate zdravljenja z zaviralcem rastnega dejavnika za endotelij žil bevacizumabom pri bolnikih s proliferativno diabetično retinopatijo (PDR), pri katerih je bolezen še aktivna kljub intenzivnemu predhodnemu laserskemu zdravljenju.Metode: Retrospektivni pregled dokumentacije bolnikov, ki so bili zdravljeni v eni od ambulant za anti-VEGF (zdravljenje z zaviralci rastnega dejavnika za endotelij žil) zdravljenje Očesne klinike od maja 2011 do maja 2019. Vključili smo bolnike, ki so bili zdravljeni z bevacizumabom zaradi aktivne PDR s krvavitvijo v steklovino in so že opravili panretinalno lasersko fotokoagulacijo. Bolnikov z aktivno PDR, ki so imeli diabetični makularni edem (DME) ali druge očesne bolezni, nismo vključili. Zabeležili smo starost, spol, tip sladkorne bolezni, predhodno zdravljenje, vidno ostrino ob začetku zdravljenja z bevacizumabom, morebitno prisotnost neovaskularizacij na šarenici, število prejetih injekcij bevacizumaba, trajanje spremljanja bolnikov, vidno ostrino ob zadnji kontroli. Preverili smo tudi morebiten nastanek zapletov zdravljenja.Rezultati: Z bevacizumabom je bilo zdravljenih 11 bolnikov z aktivno PDR s ponavljajočimi se krvavitvami v steklovino. Vsem smo že opravili obsežno panretinalno lasersko fotokoagulacijo, enemu tudi vitrektomijo. Povprečna najboljša korigirana vidna ostrina ob začetku zdravljenja je bila 57,2 ± 25,9 črk ETDRS, ob kontroli 6–8 tednov po zadnji injekciji bevacizumaba pa 64,5 ± 16,7 črk ETDRS. Bolnike smo spremljali od 1 do 8 let. Povprečno število injekcij na enega bolnika na leto zdravljenja je bilo 2,1 ± 1,1. Pri 4 bolnikih v času spremljanja ni prišlo do ponovnega poslabšanja po prekinitvi zdravljenja, pri ostalih 7 bolnikih pa so se krvavitve ponovile. V času spremljanja pri nobenem od bolnikov nismo beležili napredovanja PDR ali zapletov zdravljenja.Zaključek: Z uporabo bevacizumaba smo pri naših bolnikih dosegli regresijo neovaskularizacij in preprečili napredovanje PDR. Anti-VEGF zdravljenje je lahko učinkovito za preprečevanje napredovanja PDR pri bolnikih, pri katerih drugi načini zdravljenja niso dovolj učinkoviti ali niso izvedljivi.
Characterization of the transcriptional response of Candida parapsilosis to the antifungal peptide MAF-1A
Authors: Cheng Rong , Li Wei , Sample Klarke M. , Xu Qiang , Liu Lin , Yu Fuxun , Nie Yingjie , Zhang Xiangyan , Luo Zhenhua
Published: September 2020

Candida parapsilosis is a major fungal pathogen that leads to sepsis. New and more effective antifungal agents are required due to the emergence of resistant fungal strains. MAF-1A is a cationic antifungal peptide isolated from Musca domestica that is effective against a variety of Candida species. However, the mechanism(s) of its antifungal activity remains undefined. Here, we used RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Candida parapsilosis following MAF-1A exposure. The early (6 h) response included 1,122 upregulated and 1,065 downregulated genes. Late (18 h) responses were associated with the increased expression of 101 genes and the decreased expression of 151 genes. Upon MAF-1A treatment for 18 h, 42 genes were upregulated and 25 genes were downregulated. KEGG enrichment showed that the DEGs in response to MAF-1A were mainly involved in amino acid synthesis and metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, sterol synthesis, and apoptosis. These results indicate that MAF-1A exerts antifungal activity through interference with Candida parapsilosis cell membrane integrity and organelle function. This provides new insight into the interaction between Candida parapsilosis and this antimicrobial peptide and serves as a reference for future Candida parapsilosis therapies.
Effect of Gum Arabic Incorporation on the Proximate Composition and Sensory Properties of Biscuits Produced from Flour Blends of Wheat and Water Yam
Authors: China M. A. H. , Oguzor U. C. , Ujong A. E.
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence gum Arabic incorporation on the proximate composition and sensory properties of biscuits produced from flour blends of wheat and water yam. Water yam was processed into flour and used in composite with wheat flour for biscuit production. Two formulations A and B were produced from the mixture of wheat and water yam flour in the ratios of 50:50 and 30:70, respectively. The two formulations each were used to produce biscuits with different concentrations of gum Arabic (0%, 0.3% and 0.5%) and 100% wheat flour as control. Biscuit samples were subjected to proximate and sensory analysis using standard methods. Increase in the concentration of gum Arabic resulted to an increase in the moisture content (5.63-6.41% and 5.31-6.01%), crude fibre (1.13-1.95% and 2.22-3.40%) and carbohydrate contents (76.96-78.99% and 73.73-77.75%) for formulations A and B, respectively. A decrease in the ash content (3.11-2.85% and 4.60-2.78%), fat (5.35-2.56% and 5.62-2.51%) and protein content (7.82-7.24% and 8.52-8.05%) was also observed as the concentration of gum Arabic increased for formulations A and B, respectively. Result of the sensory analysis revealed that the control biscuit sample was more preferable for colour, taste, flavor, softness and general acceptability while biscuit samples containing 0.5% gum Arabic was more preferred for crispiness and hardness. The result also showed that the incorporation of gum Arabic led to increased sensorial attributes of wheat/water yam composite biscuits. The control sample and biscuit sample containing 30% water yam flour, 70% wheat flour and 0.5% gum Arabic were significantly similar for crispiness, hardness, softness and overall acceptability suggesting that gum Arabic can be incorporated at 0.5% into wheat and water yam composite flour at 70% and 30%, respectively for the production of acceptable and quality biscuits.
A Comparative Study on the Indigenous Traditional Animal Husbandry Practices among Four Major Animal Rearing Tribal Population of Wayanad District, Kerala
Authors: Abhiram M. J. , Rathish R. L.
Published: September 2020

Aim: The present study was taken up to gain insights on the husbandry practices of four major animal rearing tribal communities of Wayanad district namely, Adiyan, Kuruma, Urali and Kattunaykka, tribes.

Study Design: Details regarding animals reared method and purpose of rearing, marketing and economy of animal rearing, materials and designs used for construction, of animal houses were collected by visiting the tribal colonies and conducting informal interviews with the village head and other elders in the community. The findings were documented analysed and discussed.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from to 7th January 2019 to 19th April 2019 in Sulthan Bathery Thaluk of Wayand district, Kerala.

Methodology: The tribal settlements were visited and data collected by conducting informal interviews with the village head and other elders in the community. Structural designs and peculiarities were photodocumented for comparison between communities. The findings were documented, analysed and discussed.