bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Care Medicine Practice: A Pilot Survey of US Anesthesia Critical Care Medicine–Trained Physicians
Authors: Siddiqui Shahla , Bartels Karsten , Schaefer Maximilian S. , Novack Lena , Sreedharan Roshni , Ben-Jacob Talia K. , Khanna Ashish K. , Nunnally Mark E. , Souter Michael , Simmons Shawn T. , Williams George
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:

This survey assessed satisfaction with the practice environment among physicians who have completed fellowship training in critical care medicine (CCM) as recognized by the American Board of Anesthesiology (and are members of the American Society of Anesthesiology) and evaluated the perceived effectiveness of training programs in preparing fellows for critical care practice.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional online survey composed of 39 multiple choice and open-ended questions was administered between August and December 2018 to all members of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) who self-identified as being CCM trained. The survey instrument was developed and revised in an iterative fashion by ASA committee on CCM and the Society for Education in Anesthesia (SEA). Survey results were analyzed using a mixed-method approach.

RESULTS:

Three hundred fifty-three of the 1400 anesthesiologists who self-identified to the ASA as having CCM training (25.2%) completed the survey. Most were men (72.3%), board certified in CCM (98.7%), and had practiced a median of 5 years. Half of the respondents rated their training as “excellent.” A total of 70.6% described currently working in academic centers with 53.6% providing care in open surgical intensive care units (ICUs). Most anesthesiologist intensivists (75%) spend at least 25% of their clinical time providing ICU care (versus clinical anesthesia). A total of 89% of the respondents were involved in educational activities, 60% reported being in administrative leadership roles, and 37% engaged in scholarly activity. Areas of dissatisfaction included fatigue, lack of collegiality or respect, lack of research training, decreased job satisfaction, and burnout. Analysis suggested moderate levels of job satisfaction (49%), work-life balance (52%), and high levels of burnout (74%). A significant contributor to burnout was with a perception of lack of respect (P = .005) in the work environment. Burnout was not significantly associated with gender or duration of practice. Qualitative analysis of the open-ended responses also identified these 3 variables as major themes.

CONCLUSIONS:

This survey of CCM-trained anesthesiologists described a high rate of board certification, practice in academic settings, and participation in resident education. Areas of dissatisfaction with an anesthesia/critical care practice included burnout, work/life balance, and lack of respect. These results may increase recruitment of anesthesiologists into critical care and inform strategies to improve satisfaction with anesthesia critical care practice, fellowship training.
Acute Postoperative Pain Is Associated With Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Turan Alparslan , Leung Steve , Bajracharya Gausan Ratna , Babazade Rovnat , Barnes Theresa , Schacham Yehoshua Nadav , Mao Guangmei , Zimmerman Nicole , Ruetzler Kurt , Maheshwari Kamal , Esa Wael Ali Sakr , Sessler Daniel I.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:

Uncontrolled pain after noncardiac surgery activates the sympathetic nervous system, which causes tachycardia, hypertension, and increased cardiac contractility—all of which may increase myocardial oxygen demand. We therefore determined whether time-weighted average pain scores over the initial 72 postoperative hours are associated with myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS).

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of adults with routine postoperative troponin monitoring after noncardiac surgery under general, regional, or combined anesthesia at tertiary level centers in Cleveland from January 2012 to December 2015. Time-weighted average pain scores were calculated from all the available pain scores, typically at 4-hour intervals, until a troponin elevation was detected. MINS was defined as peak troponin T concentrations exceeding 0.03 ng/mL within 72 hours after surgery. We used a generalized linear mixed model to assess the association between pain and MINS with 3 hospitals as clusters, adjusting for potential confounders.

RESULTS:

Among 2892 eligible patients, 4.5% had myocardial injury within 72 hours after surgery. Higher time-weighted average pain scores were associated with increased hazard of myocardial injury. The estimated hazard ratio for a 1-unit increase in pain score was 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.22; P = .013), adjusting for confounding variables.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, time-weighted average pain scores within 72 hours after surgery were significantly associated with myocardial injury.
Removal of remodeling/reprogramming factors from oocytes and the impact on the full-term development of cloned embryos
Authors: Konno Shunsuke , Wakayama Sayaka , Ito Daiyu , Kazama Kousuke , Hirose Naoki , Ooga Masatoshi , Wakayama Teruhiko
Published: July 2020

The reason for the poor development of cloned embryos is not yet clear. Several reports have suggested that some nuclear remodeling/reprogramming factors (RRFs) are removed from oocytes at the time of enucleation, which might cause the low success rate of animal cloning. However, there is currently no method to manipulate the amount of RRFs in oocytes. Here, we describe techniques we have developed to gradually reduce RRFs in mouse oocytes by injecting somatic cell nuclei into oocytes. These injected nuclei were remodeled and reprogrammed using RRFs, and then RRFs were removed by subsequent deletion of somatic nuclei from oocytes. The size of the metaphase II spindle reduced immediately, but did recover when transferred into fresh oocytes. Though affected, the full-term developmental potential of these RRF-reduced oocytes with MII-spindle shrinkage was not lost after fertilization. When somatic cell nuclear transfer was performed, the successful generation of cloned mice was somewhat improved and abnormalities were reduced when oocytes with slightly reduced RRF levels were used. These results suggest that a change in RRFs in oocytes, as achieved by the method described in this paper or by enucleation, is important but not the main reason for the incomplete reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei.
Loss of U11 small nuclear RNA in the developing mouse limb results in micromelia
Authors: Drake Kyle D. , Lemoine Christopher , Aquino Gabriela S. , Vaeth Anna M. , Kanadia Rahul N.
Published: July 2020

Disruption of the minor spliceosome due to mutations in RNU4ATAC is linked to primordial dwarfism in microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1, Roifman syndrome, and Lowry-Wood syndrome. Similarly, primordial dwarfism in domesticated animals is linked to positive selection in minor spliceosome components. Despite being vital for limb development and size regulation, its role remains unexplored. Here we disrupt minor spliceosome function in the developing mouse limb by ablating one of its essential components, U11 small nuclear RNA, which resulted in micromelia. Notably, earlier loss of U11 corresponded to increased severity. We find that limb size is reduced due to elevated minor intron retention in minor intron-containing genes that regulate cell cycle. As a result, limb progenitor cells experience delayed prometaphase to metaphase transition and prolonged S-phase. Moreover, we observed death of rapidly dividing, distally located progenitors. Despite cell cycle defects and cell death, the spatial expression of key limb patterning genes was maintained. Overall, we show that the minor spliceosome is required for limb development via size control potentially shared in disease and domestication.
Identification and requirements of enhancers that direct gene expression during zebrafish fin regeneration
Authors: Thompson John D. , Ou Jianhong , Lee Nutishia , Shin Kwangdeok , Cigliola Valentina , Song Lingyun , Crawford Gregory E. , Kang Junsu , Poss Kenneth D.
Published: July 2020

To identify candidate tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs) important for zebrafish fin regeneration, we performed ATAC-seq from bulk tissue or purified fibroblasts of uninjured and regenerating caudal fins. We identified tens of thousands of DNA regions from each sample type with dynamic accessibility during regeneration, and assigned these regions to proximal genes with corresponding expression changes by RNA-seq. To determine whether these profiles reveal bona fide TREEs, we tested the sufficiency and requirements of several sequences in stable transgenic lines and mutant lines with homozygous deletions. These experiments validated new non-coding regulatory sequences near induced and/or essential genes during fin regeneration, including fgf20a, mdka and cx43, identifying distinct domains of directed expression for each confirmed TREE. Whereas deletion of the previously identified LEN enhancer abolished detectable induction of the nearby leptin b gene during regeneration, deletions of enhancers linked to fgf20a, mdka and cx43 had no effect or partially reduced gene expression. Our study generates a new resource for dissecting the regulatory mechanisms of appendage generation and reveals a range of requirements for individual TREEs in control of regeneration programs.
The C-terminal helix of BubR1 is essential for CENP-E-dependent chromosome alignment
Authors: Legal Thibault , Hayward Daniel , Gluszek-Kustusz Agata , Blackburn Elizabeth A. , Spanos Christos , Rappsilber Juri , Gruneberg Ulrike , Welburn Julie P. I.
Published: July 2020

During cell division, misaligned chromosomes are captured and aligned by motors before their segregation. The CENP-E motor is recruited to polar unattached kinetochores to facilitate chromosome alignment. The spindle checkpoint protein BubR1 (also known as BUB1B) has been reported as a CENP-E interacting partner, but the extent to which BubR1 contributes to CENP-E localization at kinetochores has remained controversial. Here we define the molecular determinants that specify the interaction between BubR1 and CENP-E. The basic C-terminal helix of BubR1 is necessary but not sufficient for CENP-E interaction, and a minimal key acidic patch on the kinetochore-targeting domain of CENP-E is also essential. We then demonstrate that BubR1 is required for the recruitment of CENP-E to kinetochores to facilitate chromosome alignment. This BubR1–CENP-E axis is critical for alignment of chromosomes that have failed to congress through other pathways and recapitulates the major known function of CENP-E. Overall, our studies define the molecular basis and the function for CENP-E recruitment to BubR1 at kinetochores during mammalian mitosis.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The long-chain fatty acid receptors FFA1 and FFA4 are involved in food intake regulation in fish brain
Authors: Velasco Cristina , Conde-Sieira Marta , Comesaña Sara , Chivite Mauro , Díaz-Rúa Adrián , Míguez Jesús M. , Soengas José L.
Published: July 2020

We hypothesized that the free fatty acid receptors FFA1 and FFA4 might be involved in the anorectic response observed in fish after rising levels of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) like oleate. Therefore, in a first experiment we demonstrated that intracerebroventricular (ICV) treatment of rainbow trout with FFA1 and FFA4 agonists elicited an anorectic response 2, 6, and 24h after treatment. In a second experiment, the same ICV treatment resulted after 2h in an enhancement in the mRNA abundance of anorexigenic neuropeptides pomca1 and cartpt and a decrease in the values of orexigenic peptides npy and agrp1. These changes occurred in parallel to those observed in the mRNA abundance and/or protein levels of the transcription factors Creb, Bsx and Foxo1, protein levels and phosphorylation status of Ampkα and Akt, and mRNA abundance of plcb1 and itrp3. Finally, we assessed in a third experiment the response of all these parameters after 2h of ICV treatment with oleate (the endogenous ligand of both FFARs) alone or in the presence of FFA1 and FFA4 antagonist. Most effects of oleate disappeared in the presence of FFA1 and FFA4 antagonist. The evidence obtained support the involvement of FFA1 and FFA4 in fatty acid sensing in fish brain, and thus being involved in food intake regulation through mechanisms not exactly comparable (differential response of neuropeptides and cellular signalling) to those known in mammals.
Artificial lighting impairs mate attraction in a nocturnal capital breeder
Authors: Stewart Alan J. A. , Perl Craig D. , Niven Jeremy E.
Published: July 2020

Artificial lighting at night (ALAN) is increasingly recognised as having negative effects on many organisms, though the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Glow worms are likely susceptible to ALAN because females use bioluminescence to signal to attract males. We quantified the impact of ALAN by comparing the efficacy of traps that mimicked females to attract males in the presence or absence of a white artificial light source (ALS). Illuminated traps attracted fewer males than did traps in the dark. Illuminated traps closer to the ALS attracted fewer males than those further away, whereas traps in the dark attracted similar numbers of males up to 40m from the ALS. Thus, ALAN impedes females’ ability to attract males, the effect increasing with light intensity. Consequently, ALAN potentially affects glow worms’ fecundity and long-term population survival. More broadly, this study emphasises the potentially severe deleterious effects of ALAN upon nocturnal insect populations.
Misjudging early embryo mortality in natural human reproduction
Authors: Jarvis Gavin E.
Published: July 2020

In 2002, in a judgment relating to the use of the morning-after pill, Mr Justice Munby held that pregnancy begins with the implantation of an embryo into the uterus of a woman. The case involved a large body of expert witness evidence including medical and physiological details of human reproduction. Munby J. emphasised one particular aspect of this evidence: namely, the developmental failure rate of human embryos after fertilisation. Under natural conditions, embryo loss is approximately 10-40% before implantation, and total loss from fertilisation to birth is 40-60% (Jarvis, 2016). By contrast, and based on expert witness testimony, Munby J. stated that not much more than 25% of successfully fertilised eggs reach the implantation stage, and that fewer than 15% of fertilised eggs result in a birth, figures that do not accurately represent scientific knowledge regarding human embryo mortality and pregnancy loss under natural conditions. Rather, these figures were derived from experimental laboratory data and clinical outcomes fromin vitrofertilisation treatment. Testimony provided by other expert witnesses directly contradicted these specific numerical claims. In emphasising these figures, Munby J. gave the impression that human embryo mortality is substantially higher than available scientific evidence indicated. In this critique, all the scientific expert witness evidence is presented and reviewed, and an explanation provided for why the emphasised figures are wrong. Whether there are implications of Munby J.’s scientific misjudgment on the legal outcome is for others to consider.
Influence of sedentary behaviour on posture symmetry and type among 4–7-year-old children in Riga
Authors: Martinsone-Bērzkalne Liene , Umbraško Silvija , Duļevska Ilva
Published: July 2020

Physical inactivity, screen time and sedentary behaviour among young children is increasing. These factors have an impact on future health conditions increasing the risk of metabolic, cardiovascular and posture diseases. The World Health Organization has issued the guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children of less than 5 years of age that shows contributing factors for healthy individuals starting from early childhood.

Only few studies show the true state of posture diseases among preschool children. In our study we tried to find the problems of posture symmetry and type among young children for first time in Latvia.

The conclusions after the study were similar to tendencies in the world. The posture disorders and asymmetrical posture increased with the age of children and sedentary behaviour (TV and computer) had a negative impact on the posture status.
Change of hydration parameters in moderate altitude: measurements in healthy volunteers by means of bioelectric impedance analysis
Authors: Raschka Christoph , Koch Horst J. , Käsebieter Johannes
Published: July 2020

During residence in high mountain regions, the human water hydration status changes and, from the height of approximately 3000 m above sea level, is associated with the risk of mountain sickness. The present investigation should assess this phenomenon in moderate height (1300–2300 m above sea level) after a residence time of approximately one week by means of bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). 50 volunteers, attendees of a sports medicine congress (33 men, 17 women), agreed to enter the study. All participants underwent BIA measurements initially and after one week. Apart from the basic characteristics – resistance (resistor, R) and capacitor resistor (reactance, Xc) – derived characteristics, such as total body water (TBW), body cell mass (BCM) and extra-cellular mass (ECM) were of interest. Significant changes after the stay in moderate altitude were not verified. As resistance decreased in both men and women, extracellular hydration was probably stimulated. Altogether, the study shows that an approximately one-week stay had no substantial influence on the BIA parameters in moderate altitude. In this regard, additional investigations in high altitudes or studies with longer duration of stay should be encouraged.
Robust Optimization for Electricity Generation
Authors: Yang Haoxiang , Morton David P. , Bandi Chaithanya , Dvijotham Krishnamurthy
Published: July 2020

We consider a robust optimization problem in an electric power system under uncertain demand and availability of renewable energy resources. Solving the deterministic alternating current (AC) optimal power flow (ACOPF) problem has been considered challenging since the 1960s due to its nonconvexity. Linear approximation of the AC power flow system sees pervasive use, but does not guarantee a physically feasible system configuration. In recent years, various convex relaxation schemes for the ACOPF problem have been investigated, and under some assumptions, a physically feasible solution can be recovered. Based on these convex relaxations, we construct a robust convex optimization problem with recourse to solve for optimal controllable injections (fossil fuel, nuclear, etc.) in electric power systems under uncertainty (renewable energy generation, demand fluctuation, etc.). We propose a cutting-plane method to solve this robust optimization problem, and we establish convergence and other desirable properties. Experimental results indicate that our robust convex relaxation of the ACOPF problem can provide a tight lower bound.
Copy Trading
Authors: Apesteguia Jose , Oechssler Jörg , Weidenholzer Simon
Published: July 2020

Copy trading allows traders in social networks to receive information on the success of other agents in financial markets and to directly copy their trades. Internet platforms like eToro, ZuluTrade, and Tradeo have attracted millions of users in recent years. The present paper studies the implications of copy trading for the risk taking of investors. Implementing a novel experimental financial asset market, we show that providing information on the success of others leads to a significant increase in risk taking of subjects. This increase in risk taking is even larger when subjects are provided with the option to directly copy others. We conclude that copy trading leads to excessive risk taking.

This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, decision analysis.
Development of Interactive Multimedia Learning Courseware to Strengthen Students’ Character
Authors: Septiani An-nisa Nur Sholihah Indah , Rejekiningsih Triana , Triyanto Triyanto , Rusnaini Rusnaini
Published: July 2020

The development of information technology rapidly has an impact on the changing paradigm of education. On the other hand, education holds an important responsibility to create students who have a good and strong character. This research aims to: 1) describe the concept and framework of interactive multimedia courseware; 2) test the feasibility of interactive multimedia courseware by experts and practitioners; 3) test student responses to the use of interactive multimedia courseware. This research and development involved experts, teachers, and students. The data were collected using expert validation sheets, teacher questionnaires, and student questionnaires. They were then analyzed using the descriptive statistics analysis based on mean and percentage. This research yielded interactive multimedia courseware called IMONEC (Interactive Multimedia courseware integrated with Bandura’s Observational learning model and National historical Event to strengthen students' Character) that integrates three important components: the principles of interactive multimedia learning; Bandura's observational learning model; and the noble values and messages of national historical events to strengthen students' characters. The framework of the interactive multimedia courseware consists of the title, user instruction, home, core competency and basic competency, concept map of material, learning material, and quizzes. The results of the expert validation, teacher questionnaire, and student questionnaire showed that the interactive multimedia courseware is feasible for use in learning and effective in strengthening students’ characters.
Definitions of Mentee Resistance to Mentoring: Experiences of International Teacher Mentors in Kazakhstan’s Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools
Authors: Schulleri Phillipa , Saleh Bahaa Khairy
Published: July 2020

In Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools, international teachers, who were in mentorship positions were interviewed for their experiences with mentee resistance to mentoring. In this paper, the authors investigate aspects of the perception of resistance to mentoring in the program for long-service teachers. It is the aim of this paper to explore the definitions that mentors attach to resistance, based on their experiences in one NIS School. The questions to be answered were how the mentors defined mentoring, and how the mentors experienced resistance from their mentees. Semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face. The mentor responses were captured on a dictaphone, and transcribed later. Eleven teachers participated in the interviews. The definitions of mentoring resistance were examined in seven categories as hesitation, stagnation, body language, fear, unavailability, and mistrust of the mentor. Stagnation was the largest category, displayed by unwillingness to try new things, unwillingness to see own limitations, close mindedness, unwillingness to see own weakness, and passivity in action.
Positive effect of the combination of multilevel contracture release and glucocorticoid treatment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Weiß Claudia , Stoltenburg Corinna , Bayram Dilan , Funk Julia , Lebek Susanne
Published: July 2020

Purpose

In the 1980s the first results of an early multilevel contracture release (MLCR) in patients suffering from progressive Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) showed a positive effect on ambulation. Despite the demonstrated positive effects of prolongation of walking this treatment is not part of current guidelines. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of MLCR as well as its combination with glucocorticoid (GC) treatment on ambulation.

Methods

Data of all boys (n = 86) with DMD treated in our outpatient department were analyzed regarding the treatment and loss of independent ambulation. In all, 23 were treated with GC only, ten were operated on, 21 received GC and underwent MLCR and 32 received neither of the two treatments.

Results

The analysis of the loss of independent ambulation in our cohort showed a comparable extension of the ambulatory period between the GC-treated and MLCR-treated boys (p = 0.008 and p = 0.005, respectively). Furthermore, an additive effect of both therapies was found; patients with DMD who had both treatments were able to walk two years longer than those with only one of the two treatment options (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Standard GC treatment and early MLCR in lower limbs have an independent positive effect on prolongation of ambulation in patients with DMD. In our cohort, the combination of both therapies is significantly more effective than each therapy alone. We suggest both should be offered to all DMD patients eligible. Level of evidence: III
Infrared metamaterial refractive-index-based sensor
Authors: Askari M. , Hosseini M. V.
Published: July 2020

We have introduced an infrared refractive-index-based sensor operating at the infrared frequency region. In designing the sensor, we have used a metamaterial structure with unit cells composed of two metallic layers, the first involving two metallic bars and slabs, and the second containing a uniform metallic sheet. With a mechanism analogous to the theoretical blackbody absorber, the structure behaves as a resonant perfect absorber. Its resonance frequency strongly depends on the refractive index of the surrounding medium, a characteristic that is used for designing the sensor. In general, the sensitivity of the sensor is calculated to be 2720 nm/RIU, equivalent to 940 THz/RIU, and the figure of merit is calculated to be 81.93. We have also studied potential application of the sensor for glucose solution concentration detection, which is important in medical and food industries.
High-sensitivity x-ray/optical cross-correlator for next generation free-electron lasers
Authors: Droste Stefan , Zohar Sioan , Shen Lingjia , White Vaughn E. , Diaz-Jacobo Elizabeth , Coffee Ryan N. , Reid Alexander H. , Tavella Franz , Minitti Michael P. , Turner Joshua J. , Robinson Joseph S. , Fry Alan R. , Coslovich Giacomo
Published: July 2020

We design and realize an arrival time diagnostic for ultrashort X-ray pulses achieving unprecedented high sensitivity in the soft X-ray regime via cross-correlation with a ≈1550 nm optical laser. An interferometric detection scheme is combined with a multi-layer sample design to greatly improve the sensitivity of the measurement. We achieve up to 275% of relative signal change when exposed to 1.6 mJ/cm2 of soft X-rays at 530 eV, more than a hundred-fold improvement in sensitivity as compared to previously reported techniques. The resolution of the arrival time measurement is estimated to around 2.8 fs (rms). The demonstrated X-ray arrival time monitor paves the way for sub-10 fs-level timing jitter at high repetition rate X-ray facilities.
Widely tunable in-band-pumped Tm:CaF2 laser
Authors: Thouroude Romain , Tyazhev Aleksey , Hideur Ammar , Loiko Pavel , Camy Patrice , Doualan Jean-Louis , Gilles Hervé , Laroche Mathieu
Published: July 2020

This Letter presents the efficient laser operation of a

T
m

:

C
a
F

2

crystal in-band pumped at 1610 nm by an Er-Yb-codoped fiber laser system. A laser slope efficiency of 55% (versus incident pump power) was achieved in a continuous-wave regime, with a maximum output power of 1.25 W at

∼

1.88

µ

m

in a nearly diffraction-limited beam (

M

2

=

1.14

). We also demonstrated a continuous tuning range of 180 nm, which extends to short wavelengths down to 1773 nm.
Effects of polymorphism of myostatin and fatty acid-binding protein 4 genes on the chemical composition of meat in cull female Aceh cattle
Authors: Azhar Al , Akmal Muslim , Hambal Muhammad , Sabri Mustafa , Rosa Teuku Shaddiq
Published: July 2020

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism of the myostatin (MSTN) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) genes on the total water, ash, fat, protein, and cholesterol contents of sirloin (gluteus medius muscle) and silverside (biceps femoris muscle) meats of cull female Aceh cattle.

Materials and Methods: This analysis covered a total of 27 cull female Aceh cattle slaughtered at the Animal Slaughterhouse of Banda Aceh that was purposively selected based on hair color referred to the criteria described in the Decree of Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. Genomic DNA was extracted from 25 mg of fresh meat using the spin column method before subjected to a polymerase chain reaction amplification using primer sets specific for 1346-bp and 275- bp fragments of MSTN and FABP4, respectively. A 4-h digestion reaction was done separately for the MSTN/HaeIII and FABP4/NlaIII loci genotyping. The total protein, ash, and fat of the meat were measured using the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) methods whereas its cholesterol content was determined using the AOAC method. The association between each polymorphism and the variation in meat chemical parameters was analyzed using the Pearson correlation test.

Results: The results showed that the MSTN/HaeIII locus was polymorphic in Aceh cattle, but the FABP4/NlaIII locus was monomorphic. Meat chemical parameters were not influenced by different commercial cuts and MSTN genotypes, showing that there was no association between different commercial cuts, cattle hair colors, and MSTN/HaeIII and FABP4/NlaIII markers with the meat chemical parameters in Aceh cattle.

Conclusion: These results suggest that focusing on the novel effects of MSTN and FABP4 gene polymorphisms on meat production traits might not be useful for marker-assisted selection in Aceh cattle.
A synthesis of the characteristics of current national, regional and international forestry journals
Authors: Peteh Maja
Published: July 2020

One of the main objectives of the International Union of Forest Research Organizationâs WP 9.01.06 (Forest Science Publishing) is to clarify the range of forestry-related journals in the context of the overall objective of supporting authors and readers to deepen their knowledge of forestry. This study extended an earlier list of forestry journals using the ISSN database and the CAB abstracts. The study included 451 journal titles, each categorized by ISSN, publisher, language of publication, website, and geographical coverage (i.e. national, regional, international, or three mixed intermediate categories), as well as information on indexing in Web of Science, Scopus, DOAJ, and SherpaRomeo. The included journals are published in 61 countries and in 32 different languages. Those categorized as international are mostly published in English. 21.7% of the journals are indexed in Web of Science and 34.1% in Scopus. 95.6% of the titles are published online or in the print+online publishing model, but only 57.0% of the titles are published in Open Access, of which only 33.7% are indexed in DOAJ.
Challanges of sustainable food technology
Authors: Tolnay Anita , Nath Arijit , Koris Andras
Published: July 2020

Over the last decades due to rapid development of human civilization along with revolution in technology, some burning issues about generation of environmental contaminant, management of by-products from technologies, high consumption of natural resources and conservation of natural resources have been dramatically raised. Without any contradiction, impacts in overall ecosystem as well as human civilization have negative effects. These evoked lots of scientific and industrial researches, and implemented several stricter environmental legislations on the development of sustainable ecosystem. Thus, sustainability has become an emerging topic all over the world, as evidenced by the growing body of scientific publications in the last 20 years with one order of magnitude increase since the start of the new century. The study attempts to perform a review ty is an emerging topic all over the world of the sustainable development from the food industry’s perspective. At present, the agro-food sector produces high amount of carbon dioxide, food waste, packaging waste, wastewater, etc. and it is still consuming a lot of water, land, oxygen and energy. Furthermore, taken into consideration the increasing number of the world’s population, there has been an enhancing interest experienced towards sustainable development among food manufacturers in the last decades. The article highlights the paramount areas of sustainable production, which offers new directions towards the increasing number of human beings for the future survival. The paper also gives an overview of the main perspectives contra constraints of sustainable food production, offers innovative food products from sustainable food waste and by-product, and focuses on the growing importance of sustainable food production in life cycle assessment methodology as well.
Possibilities for detection of the change of biodegradability of wastewater by dielectric constant measurements
Authors: Haranghy Laura , Dobozi Réka , Jákói Zoltán , Beszédes Sándor
Published: July 2020

Nowadays, the development of rapid and non-destructive measurement methods have high importance. The dielectric measurement is a promising technique to detect the chemical and physicho-chemical change of different materials. The dielectric behavior of pure water is widely investigated for decades, but there is very few information available related to the dielectric parameters of wastewater. Our study aims to investigate the applicability of dielectric measurements for the detection of the change of biodegradability of wastewater. In the experiments the change of organic matter solubility and biodegradability of sugar beet processing wastewater, meat processing wastewater, dairy industry wastewater and municipal wastewater was examined. Our results show that dielectric constant - measured at the frequency of 2400 MHz - has a strong linear correlation with the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), which makes possible the fast detection of disintegration efficiency of different wastewater and sludge treatment processes, or the organic matter removal efficiency of wastewater purification technologies. Furthermore, our results verified that the change of aerobic biodegradability (expressed in BOD5/SCOD ratio) show also good linear correlation with the dielectric constant. These preliminary results enable to develop a dielectric behavior based detection method for the estimation of the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes.
Enzyme activities in soil at increasing metal (Cu, Ni, Pb) doses and time-dependence in a model experiment
Authors: Czakó-Vér Klára , Somfai Dávid , Suhajda Erzsébet , Sipeky Csilla , Árvay Gyula , Dolgosné Kovács Anita , Dittrich Ernő
Published: July 2020

Aim of this paper is to examine the effect of spiked copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) metal salts on the dehydrogenase (oxydo-reductase) and phosphatase (hydrolase) enzyme activities in a characteristic Hungarian soil, the pseudomycelliar chernozem. Pot-experiment was performed with a soil, originating from a spot of the Hungarian soil-information-monitoring (TIM) system of Bicserd. The added metal salts were used in water soluble forms and incorporated uniformly to the soil. Soils were treated with increasing metal concentrations to give the following metal amounts: 0, 50, 200, and 800 kg.ha-1. Enzyme activities of the soil were analysed at the 0th, 7 th, 14 th, and 28th days after the metal addition. The laboratory model-experiment has been set up in three replicates.

Effects of metal salts were largely dependent on the chemical and physical properties of pseudomycelliar chernozem soil, the applied heavy metal-types, the doses of used metals and the elapsed time after the pollution. Considering the different metals, the copper prowed to be the most toxic one on the studied enzyme activities, whereas the lead induced those. By comparison with copper the nickel affected a smaller decrease in the soil microbial activity. The dehydrogenase, oxydo-reductase enzyme was found to be more sensitive parameter in comparison with the phosphatase, hydrolase enzyme among the studied condition. Studied enzymes and used methods are suggested, as fast and rather reliable tools for estimating the soil-resilience capacities at heavy metal pollution.
Modelling of hydrodynamic cavitation for treatment of wastewater in a Venturi tube
Authors: Bolló Betti
Published: July 2020

Treatment of municipal effluents has long been a challenge for modern technologies combining high effectiveness of degradation of pollutants with low costs of the process. Hydrodynamic cavitation is a promising application in wastewater treatment due to its simple reactor design. In this work, for a system available in the laboratory a hydrodynamic reactor is designed based on literature recommendations. On the designed Venturi tube, two-dimensional numerical simulations were investigated by the means of CFD computations using the commercial software package, Ansys Fluent. The resulting cavitation bubbles were analysed at different inlet pressures.
The application of biogas fermentation digestate as soil fertilizer
Authors: Czakó-Vér Klára , Somfai Dávid , Suhajda Erzsébet , Strasszer Márk , Árvay Gyula , Dolgosné Kovács Anita , Dittrich Ernő
Published: July 2020

As organic manure is becoming less available, using different materials as soil fertilizers and the application of the inorganic fertilizers raises many questions. Therefore, it is increasingly important to use compost and biogas digestate to improve soil quality. The activity of the microbial communities ensures the fertility of the soil. One of the most important enzymes is dehydrogenase. This enzyme group catalyses the hydrogen transfer in the process of biological oxidation. Our aim was to examine the effect of biogas digestate on dehydrogenase enzyme activity (DHA) in 3 different types of soil. Hungarian standard method was used to evaluate DHA. The applied biogas digestate was obtained from the Kaposvár Sugar Factory of Hungarian Sugar Ltd. The dose is equal to 16,7 m3ha-1 and 533 kg organic matterha-1. The treatment was performed in three different groups of soil: brown forest soil, calcareous chernozem and carbonate meadow soil. The results showed an increase in DHA in all types of soil. DHA values were the highest in case of the carbonate meadow soil, specifically 0.337 mg formazan/1 g soil/24 h immediately after the treatment and 0.410 after 28 days. A critical aspect to consider during the construction of biogas plants is the soil protection agency’s ban on using soil fertilizers during the winter months. Analysis carried out according to the protocol of sewage sludge examination revealed that biofermentate produced during biogas generation does not contain any environmentally harmful components. After the elaboration of a soil protection plan, the recommended way to apply biogas digestate to arable land is via injectors.
Interszekcionalitás és lokális identitás magyar írónők első világháború utáni Erdélyben játszódó regényeiben
Authors: Kádár Judit
Published: July 2020

A tanulmány arra keres magyarázatot, hogy a magyar írónők, akik a trianoni békeszerződést követően még szerepelhettek a döntésre reflektáló antológiákban, miért szorultak ki az irodalmi nyilvánosságból a huszonegyedik század elejére. Az írás bemutatja Gulácsy Irén Hamueső című, az 1919–1924 közötti időszakban a Mezőségben játszódó, az Erdélyi Szépmíves Céh néven alakult új kolozsvári kiadó és első kiadványaként 1925-ben megjelent önéletrajzi vonatkozású realista regényének korabeli magyarországi recepcióját. A könyvről megjelent kritikai írások alátámasztják, hogy az első világháború utáni társadalmi és politika helyzetre kortársként reagáló írónő művének történelemértelmezése és politikai gondolkodása eltért az elismert hazai férfi irodalmárok és kritikusok nézeteitől, ami már megjelenésekor megnehezítette az alkotás interpretációját és a mű korabeli jelentőségének felismerését. A történelmi háttér felvázolása segítségével a tanulmány rávilágít, hogy Gulácsy művének témája a Magyarországon a húszas években uralkodó ideológiával, az irredentizmussal szemben a politikai transzilvanizmus, azaz egy Románián belüli, magyar, román és szász lakosságú, autonóm Erdély elgondolása. Az írás felhasználja a Kimberlé Crenshaw által kidolgozott interszekcionalitás elméletét, miszerint a társadalmi nem, az etnicitás és az osztályhelyzet összekapcsolódása olyan metszőpontot hoz létre, ami jelöli az egyének alárendeltségének és kiszolgáltatottságának előbbi alkotóelemek meghatározta mértékét s ezzel cselekvési lehetőségeit. Az írás Gulácsy szereplőinek a történetbonyolítás során megváltozó interszekcionális pozíciójának ábrázolásával kimutatja, hogy hogy az első világháború után kialakult helyzet következtében milyen hamar – még a trianoni béke ratifikálása előtt – elkezdődött, és milyen hatékonyan ment végbe az erdélyi magyar állami tisztviselői réteg, az alsó középosztály eróziója. A transzilvanizmus képviseletében fellépő írónő szereplői nemi, életkori, etnikai identitásán, társadalmi hierarchián belüli helyük, osztály-hovatartozásuk jellemzőin túl – a térség sajátos helyzetének megfelelően – kiaknázta a lokális identitás ábrázolásában rejlő lehetőségeket is, főként az irodalmi onomasztika módszerének felhasználásával. A műben megjelenített, meghatározó regáti román–erdélyi román szembeállítás ellenére Gulácsy a névhasználattal, illetve a megnevezés hiányával, valamint a szereplők pontos lokális identitásának homályban hagyásával igyekezett az etnikai előítéleteket tompítani, s azt a toleráns nézetet erősíteni, hogy a helyes vagy helytelen cselekedetek nem népcsoportokhoz, hanem egyénekhez köthetők.
Sustainable Urban Development – Conceptual Approach
Authors: Bhargava Akshey , Manchala Manjusha , Singhal Richa , Patel Unnati , Golhar Prachi
Published: July 2020

Urbanism and urbanization is a complex term in as much as that it is highly diversified in terms of culture, traditions, religion, social behavior and life, size and capacity, supporting infrastructure, governance, administration, planning approach, trade, so on and so forth. The present scenario is highly sophisticated and alarming in the context of growing and continuous expansion of the urbanization world over leading to associated problems and pose threats to social, environmental, and economic. An effort has been made by the authors of the present paper to conceptualize the parameters for environmental sustainability in urban development.
Singular they in English as a foreign language
Authors: Stormbom Charlotte
Published: July 2020

A much-debated issue in English is the use of “epicene pronouns”, i.e. third-person singular pronouns of indeterminate gender. Previous studies have shown that singular they is the most common epicene in L1 English, but this pronoun has not received much attention in studies of L2 use. The present study extends previous research by examining variation between L2 groups in the distribution of epicene pronouns, focussing particularly on the use of singular they and how it is affected by three features of the antecedent: definiteness, notional number, and gender expectancy. The data originate in an elicitation experiment, which was completed by 338 university students of English from eight L1 backgrounds. The results show that singular they was most frequently used with notionally plural antecedents, whereas it was least common with gender-stereotyped antecedents. The study also disclosed variation between learners: In some L1 groups, they was used frequently with all types of antecedents, suggesting that these learners perceive singular they as a singular pronoun in its own right. In other groups, singular they appeared to function mostly as a modification of the plural they, as the pronoun was only frequent with notionally plural antecedents. The findings have important implications for language teaching.
Coda: Creativity in psychological research versus in linguistics – Same but different?
Authors: Weiss Selina , Wilhelm Oliver
Published: July 2020

Understanding the very nature of creativity is a hot topic in research across various disciplines and has profound societal relevance. In this contribution, we discuss verbal creativity by highlighting its definition, psychometric measurement, and relations with other personality dispositions. We relate psychological research with findings from linguistics presented in this issue and depict similarities and differences between both approaches. More specifically, we relate the linguistic terminology of F-creativity to fluency and flexibility, whereas we identify E-creativity as akin to originality. We propose latent semantic analysis as a possible approach for evaluating originality and compare this approach with more commonly applied human ratings. Based on contributions in this issue, we discuss creativity as a domain-general process that is (e. g., in applied arts) often driven by the recombination of mental elements. Lastly, we propose several intelligence and personality dispositions as determinants of individual differences in creativity. We conclude that creativity research in linguistic and psychology has many communalities and interdisciplinary work bears strong promises for the future.
Analysis of reliability of compressed masonry structures
Authors: Zięba Joanna , Skrzypczak Izabela
Published: July 2020

Designing masonry structures or any other structures involves ensuring an adequate level of safety. This is done by applying the appropriate set of partial factor for strength and partial factors for actions in accordance with the recommendations of the Eurocodes. The paper presents an analysis of the reliability of a compressive masonry structure on the example of a wall fragment made of silicate blocks. The relationship between partial factors applied to actions in various configurations and factors for the compressive strength of masonry was investigated. The analyses consisted in determining the reliability index β using the First Order Reliability Method (FORM). The results are presented in diagrams with reference to different construction classes execution of works, as well as different reliability classes from RC1 to RC3.
Bearing capacity of floating geosynthetic encased columns (GEC) determined on the basis of CPTU penetration tests
Authors: Chmielewska Iwona
Published: July 2020

Floating geosynthetic encased columns (GEC) are an increasingly popular method of strengthening weak subsoil. Design of floating columns is a difficult and not fully recognized issue. This paper treats the floating GEC column as a special kind of “pile” and its bearing capacity is calculated using five selected methods for calculating the bearing capacity of piles based on CPTU penetration tests. The calculations were done on the basis of insitu tests carried out on one of the sections of the Bargłów Kościelny bypass. The paper contains a comparison of the bearing capacities of floating GEC columns calculated with different methods based on CPTU penetration tests.
DASH-type cryptochromes – solved and open questions
Authors: Kiontke Stephan , Göbel Tanja , Brych Annika , Batschauer Alfred
Published: July 2020

Drosophila, Arabidopsis, Synechocystis, human (DASH)-type cryptochromes (cry-DASHs) form one subclade of the cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF). CPF members are flavoproteins that act as DNA-repair enzymes (DNA-photolyases), or as ultraviolet(UV)-A/blue light photoreceptors (cryptochromes). In mammals, cryptochromes are essential components of the circadian clock feed-back loop. Cry-DASHs are present in almost all major taxa and were initially considered as photoreceptors. Later studies demonstrated DNA-repair activity that was, however, restricted to UV-lesions in single-stranded DNA. Very recent studies, particularly on microbial organisms, substantiated photoreceptor functions of cry-DASHs suggesting that they could be transitions between photolyases and cryptochromes.