bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The property of Kelley by arcs
Authors: Chacón-Tirado Mauricio , de J. López María , Suárez-López José Luis
Published: August 2024

For a metric continuum X and a point $$p\in X$$

p
∈
X

, the hyperspace of arcs in X containing p, Arcs(p, X), is defined as the set containing $$\{p\}$$

{
p
}

and all arcs in X that contain the point p, we endow this hyperspace with the Hausdorff metric. In this paper we introduce the property of Kelley by arcs; a continuum X has the property of Kelley by arcs provided that for each $$p\in X$$

p
∈
X

, for each $$A\in Arcs(p, X)$$

A
∈
A
r
c
s
(
p
,
X
)

, and for each sequence of points $$\{p_{n}\}_{n\in \mathbb {N}}$$

{

p
n

}

n
∈
N

that converges to p, there exists a sequence $$\{A_{n}\}_{n\in \mathbb {N}}$$

{

A
n

}

n
∈
N

that converges to A such that $$A_{n}\in Arcs(p_{n}, X)$$

A
n

∈
A
r
c
s

(

p
n

,
X
)

, for each $$n\in \mathbb {N}$$

n
∈
N

. We show that in the class of finite graphs the property of Kelley by arcs characterizes the fact of being either an arc or a simple closed curve. We prove that in arc-continua the property of Kelley by arcs is equivalent to the property of Kelley. Also, we prove that homogeneous continua have the property of Kelley by arcs. Moreover, we prove that in the class of dendroids the property of Kelley by arcs implies the property of Kelley, and we show that the arc is the only dendroid with the property of Kelley by arcs. Finally, we study the property of Kelley by arcs in the class of compactifications of the ray $$[0, \infty )$$

[
0
,
∞
)

with remainder a finite graph or a dendroid.
Development of Fragility Curves for Tall Buildings with Tuned Liquid Dampers for Vibration Control Under Wind Loading
Authors: Nava-González R. , Pozos-Estrada A. , López-Ibarra A.
Published: August 2024

In this study, fragility curves of a tall building subjected to along-wind loads are developed to evaluate the enhancement in reliability when a Tuned Liquid Damper (TLD) system is employed. For the analysis, a mathematical model of a tall building is designed and subjected to along-wind loads simulated with an autoregressive and moving-average (ARMA) model that includes spatial and temporal variations in the turbulent wind component. For comparison purposes, fragility curves of the tall buildings fitted with a Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) system are also developed. To develop the fragility curves, predefined wind-induced acceleration thresholds are employed as damage states. The numerical results indicate that the use of optimal TLD or TMD systems is effective at reducing the wind-induced acceleration for different mean wind speeds. In addition, the auxiliary damping systems are more effective at reducing the probability of exceedance as the percentage of individuals who perceive acceleration increases from 10 to 50%. Finally, the highest reliability enhancement with the use of both damping systems is achieved for mean wind speed values ranging from 41 to 62 m/s for the damage states considered.
Understanding temporal dynamics of jumps in cryptocurrency markets: evidence from tick-by-tick data
Authors: Saef Danial , Nagy Odett , Sizov Sergej , Härdle Wolfgang Karl
Published: August 2024

Cryptocurrency markets have recently attracted significant attention due to their potential for high returns; however, their underlying dynamics, especially those concerning price jumps, continue to be explored. Building on previous research, this study examines the presence and clustering of jumps in an extensive tick data set covering six major cryptocurrencies traded against Tether on seven leading exchanges worldwide over nearly 2.5 years. Our analysis reveals that jumps occur on up to 58% of trading days, with negative jumps predominating in both frequency and size. Notably, we observe systematic clustering of jumps over time, especially in Bitcoin and Ethereum, indicating interconnected market dynamics and potential predictive power for market movements. By employing high-frequency econometric tools, we identify temporal patterns in jump occurrence, highlighting heightened activity during specific trading hours and days. We also find evidence of jumps influencing intraday returns, underscoring their significance in short-term price dynamics. Our findings enhance understanding of the cryptocurrency market microstructure and offer insights for risk management and predictive modeling strategies. Nevertheless, further research is needed to develop robust methodologies for detecting and analyzing co-jumps across multiple assets.
Pupillary Light Reflex Metrics as an Objective Biomarker for Sport-Related Concussion in Elite Field Hockey
Authors: Murphy Róisín , Rankin Alan , Archbold Pooler , Bleakley Chris
Published: August 2024

Background

Concussion diagnosis is based on subjective assessment of several nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms with no objective test to aid in diagnosis. The pupillary system, in particular the pupil light reflexes (PLR) has attracted plausible consideration in this area, given its complex neural circuitry and autonomic function.

Aim

To assess the reliability and validity of using the NeurOptics PLR-3000 pupilometer to measure PLR, and to determine normative data for female athletes.

Methods

A cross sectional cohort study of 33 senior elite female field hockey athletes (aged 19–34 years) were recruited. Three valid pupillometry readings were acquired, per eye. Measurements of nine PLR metrics were obtained. Reliability was determined using intraclass coefficients, standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimum detectable change (MDC). Between group differences (concussion history vs. controls) were analysed using non-parametric tests.

Results

NeurOptics PLR-3000 showed good to excellent reliability for eight PLR metrics derived from the pupilometer [latency, average constriction velocity (ACV), peak constriction velocity (PCV), average dilation velocity (ADV), T75%max. pupil diameter, min. pupil diameter and percent constriction]. There was no statistical difference between any of the PLR metrics in athletes who had a history of concussion and those that had no history of concussion. The two athletes with a recent history of concussion (< 3 months) showed trends towards slowed latency, ACV, PCV and ADV when compared to controls.

Conclusion

This research does not support previous research that the PLR-3000 is an accurate instrument for distinguishing between those with and without a history of concussion. However, the ICC values for intratester reliability were good to excellent for most PLR metrics, with data comparing favourably to normative values previously reported from other populations. Some PLR metrics may distinguish between distinct group of female athletes (recent history of concussion), but this is a small sample size and exploratory in nature. Larger studies are required to confirm its validity and responsiveness.
Impact of Exercise Heat Acclimation on Performance in Hot, Cool and Hypoxic Conditions
Authors: Périard JD , Nichols D , Travers G , Cocking S , Townsend N , Brown HA , Racinais S
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to confirm the impact of heat acclimation on aerobic performance in hot conditions and elucidate the transfer of heat adaptations to cool and hypoxic environments.

Methods

Ten males (VO2peak: 4.50 ± 0.50 L/min) completed two three-week interventions consisting of heat acclimation (HA: 36°C and 59% RH) and temperate training (TEMP: 18°C and 60% RH) in a counter-balanced crossover design. Training weeks consisted of four work-matched controlled heart rate sessions interspersed with one intermittent sprint session, and two rest days. Before and after the interventions VO2peak and 20-min time trial performance were evaluated in COOL (18°C), HOT (35°C) and hypoxic (HYP: 18°C and FiO2: 15.4%) conditions.

Results

Following HA, VO2peak increased significantly in HOT (0.24 L/min [0.01, 0.47], P = 0.040) but not COOL (P = 0.431) or HYP (P = 0.411), whereas TEMP had no influence on VO2peak (P ≥ 0.424). Mean time trial power output increased significantly in HOT (20 W [11, 28], P < 0.001) and COOL (12 W [4, 21], P = 0.004), but not HYP (7 W [−1, 16], P = 0.075) after HA, whereas TEMP had no influence on mean power output (P ≥ 0.110). Rectal (−0.13°C [−0.23, −0.03], P = 0.009) and skin (−0.7°C [−1.2, −0.3], P < 0.001) temperature were lower during the time trial in HOT after HA, whereas mean heart rate did not differ (P = 0.339).

Conclusions

HA improved aerobic performance in HOT in conjunction with lower thermal strain and enhanced cardiovascular stability (similar heart rate for higher workload), whereas the mechanistic pathways improving performance in COOL and HYP remain unclear.
RegionSizeR– A Novel App for Regional Sample Size Planning in MRCTs
Authors: Sun Guannan , Sun Xin , Su Huijuan , Liao Yuqin , Wei Di , Ma Hanqing , Li Xinyu , Fan Ran , Ren Xiaowei
Published: August 2024

In multi-regional clinical trials, planning the sample size for participating regions is essential for the evaluation of the treatment effect consistency across regions. Based on the MRCT design and sample size allocation to regions, consistency probability is usually used to predict the consistent trend between regions and the overall population, while preserving a certain proportion of the overall treatment effect. Specific enrollment characteristics in a region of interest should also be considered during the time of the sample size planning. To facilitate efficient and harmonized regional sample size planning, we have developed RegionSizeR, a comprehensive and user-friendly interactive web-based R shiny application that can be obtained from https://github.com/rsr-ss/RegionSizeR. This simulation-based app can serve as an initial point for discussions on sample size allocation plans, following preservation of treatment effect method in ICH E17. The app accommodates various types of endpoints and designs, including continuous, binary, and time-to-event endpoints, for superiority, non-inferiority, and MCP-Mod designs. To ensure the validity of this app, independent testing is conducted allowing a discrepancy of no more than 1% across all results considering various scenarios.
Ethical risk for AI
Authors: Douglas David M. , Lacey Justine , Howard David
Published: August 2024

The term ‘ethical risk’ often appears in discussions about the responsible development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI). However, ethical risk remains inconsistently defined in this context, obscuring what distinguishes it from other forms of risk, such as social, reputational or legal risk, for example. In this paper we present a definition of ethical risk for AI as being any risk associated with an AI that may cause stakeholders to fail one or more of their ethical responsibilities towards other stakeholders. To support our definition, we describe how stakeholders have role responsibilities that follow from their relationship with the AI, and that these responsibilities are towards other stakeholders associated with the AI. We discuss how stakeholders may differ in their ability to make decisions about an AI, their exposure to risk, and whether they or others may benefit from these risks. Stakeholders without the ability to make decisions about the risks associated with an AI and how it is used are dependent on other stakeholders with this ability. This relationship places those who depend on decision-making stakeholders at ethical risk of being dominated by them. The decision-making stakeholder is ethically responsible for the risks their decisions about the AI impose on those affected by them. We illustrate our account of ethical risk for AI with two examples: AI-designed attachments for surgical robots that are optimised for treating specific patients, and self-driving ‘robotaxis’ that carry passengers on public roads.
Systematic review of usage patterns and acceptance of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies across diverse domains
Authors: Alrehaili Ahmed , White Martin , Beloff Natalia
Published: August 2024

Blockchain-based cryptocurrencies have garnered significant attention from academic and industry. However, systematic studies on cryptocurrency usage patterns and adoption across contexts are limited. Identifying factors and developing predictive models for cryptocurrency adoption remains challenging. This article conducts a systematic review with qualitative and quantitative (mixed) syntheses on the adoption of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. From 579 initial articles, 124 were selected and classified into review-based, exploratory-based, and empirical-based categories. Exploratory articles examined global awareness and ownership of cryptocurrencies. Empirical articles were categorized into general, payment method, investment tool, transfer medium, and other contexts. The review reveals higher awareness and ownership of cryptocurrencies among young, educated males with proficient computer skills in both developed and developing nations. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and its variants are the most frequently used in the surveyed articles. Key factors like Perceived Ease of Use (PEoU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), and Perceived Trust were extensively studied. Studies on payment methods mainly focused on the customer perspective, with limited attention to the service provider perspective. As an investment tool, factors like social influence, PU, financial literacy, facilitating conditions, and perceived risk were significant. For cryptocurrencies as a transfer medium, security and risk perceptions, performance and effort expectancy, and social influence were crucial. In other contexts, trialability, transparency, and cost efficiency drove adoption, with trust and usability being vital for cryptocurrency wallet usage. Additionally, the article proposes an integrative model combining TAM with technical, economic, personal, and environmental factors. The findings from this systematic review will guide future research in developing more comprehensive models for predicting the adopting of cryptocurrencies across various contexts.
Pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship at transitions of care from inpatient hospital to home: a scoping review
Authors: Danchuk-Lauzon Mishka
Published: August 2024

Objective:

To summarize available literature and highlight research gaps pertaining to the role of a pharmacist in providing antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions for antibiotics at transitions of care (TOC) from inpatient hospital settings to home.

Design:

Scoping review.

Methods:

This scoping review follows the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework. The literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE (OVID) database.

Results:

The MEDLINE (OVID) search returned 45 results. Of these, 26 were excluded during title and abstract screening and 11 were excluded after full-text review. Overall, eight studies were included in this scoping review. In six of the studies, AMS interventions were pharmacist-led. In two studies, they were led by an AMS team which included a pharmacist. Six of the studies used a similar intervention where a pharmacist led the review of antibiotics prior to patient discharge and made recommendations to change therapy where appropriate. The details of how these interventions were carried out vary between studies.

Conclusions:

Overall, all studies included in this scoping review concluded that pharmacists have a role in providing AMS interventions at TOC. This scoping review summarized available literature pertaining to the role of the pharmacist in providing AMS interventions for antibiotics at TOC. Research gaps that were highlighted are optimal level of AMS training for pharmacists providing AMS interventions, optimal workflow, ideal method of communication to the prescriber, and quality improvement metrics.
Many Forests in One: A Glimpse into the Amazon’s Diversity
Authors: Rodrigues Meghie
Published: August 2024

In some areas of the Amazon rainforest, trees green up as a response to drought, while in others they die off. Scientists are trying to understand why.
Total Root Electron Content: A New Metric for the Ionosphere Below Low Earth Orbiting Satellites
Authors: Jenner M. , Coïsson P. , Hulot G. , Buresova D. , Truhlik V. , Chauvet L.
Published: August 2024

Powerful lightning strikes generate broadband electromagnetic signals. At Extremely Low Frequencies (ELF), the signal partly leaks into the ionosphere and produces whistlers that can be detected by satellites. Indeed, the satellites of the European Space Agency (ESA) Swarm Earth Explorer mission can detect those signals during 250 Hz burst‐mode acquisition campaigns of their Absolute Scalar Magnetometers (ASM). The dispersion of these whistlers depends on their propagation path and the distribution of ionization in the ionosphere crossed along that path. In this paper, we introduce a technique to derive a new measure of ionosphere electron content, the Total square‐Root Electron Content (TREC), using the arrival times of two frequencies of the whistler signal. We validate this approach by using data from ionosondes and from in situ measurements of the electron density at Swarm location. This technique brings new opportunities for sounding the ionosphere in regions poorly observed by other techniques.
Preservation of retinal structure and function in two mouse models of inherited retinal degeneration by ONL1204, an inhibitor of the Fas receptor
Authors: Yang Mengling , Yao Jingyu , Jia Lin , Kocab Andrew J. , Zacks David N.
Published: August 2024

Due to the large number of genes and mutations that result in inherited retinal degenerations (IRD), there has been a paucity of therapeutic options for these patients. There is a large unmet need for therapeutic approaches targeting shared pathophysiologic pathways in a mutation-independent manner. The Fas receptor is a major activator and regulator of retinal cell death and inflammation in a variety of ocular diseases. We previously reported the activation of Fas-mediated photoreceptor (PR) cell death in two different IRD mouse models, rd10 and P23H, and demonstrated the protective effect of genetic Fas inhibition. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pharmacologic inhibition of Fas in these two models by intravitreal injection with a small peptide inhibitor of the Fas receptor, ONL1204. A single intravitreal injection of ONL1204 was given to one eye of rd10 mice at P14. Two intravitreal injections of ONL1204 were given to the P23H mice, once at P14 and again at 2-months of age. The fellow eyes were injected with vehicle alone. Fas activation, rate of PR cell death, retinal function, and the activation of immune cells in the retina were evaluated. In both rd10 and P23H mice, ONL1204 treatment resulted in decreased number of TUNEL (+) PRs, decreased caspase 8 activity, enhanced photoreceptor cell counts, and improved visual function compared with vehicle treated fellow eyes. Treatment with ONL1204 also reduced immune cell activation in the retinas of both rd10 and P23H mice. The protective effect of pharmacologic inhibition of Fas by ONL1204 in two distinct mouse models of retinal degeneration suggests that targeting this common pathophysiologic mechanism of cell death and inflammation represents a potential therapeutic approach to preserve the retina in patients with IRD, regardless of the genetic underpinning.
Programmed cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects
Authors: Wu Xiang’an , Cao Jingying , Wan Xueshuai , Du Shunda
Published: August 2024

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer, ranks as the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. A deeper understanding of the cell death mechanisms in HCC is essential for developing more effective treatment strategies. This review explores programmed cell death (PCD) pathways involved in HCC, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and immunogenic cell death (ICD). These mechanisms trigger specific cell death cascades that influence the development and progression of HCC. Although multiple PCD pathways are involved in HCC, shared cellular factors suggest a possible interplay between the different forms of cell death. However, the exact roles of different cell death pathways in HCC and which cell death pathway plays a major role remain unclear. This review also highlights how disruptions in cell death pathways are related to drug resistance in cancer therapy, promoting a combined approach of cell death induction and anti-tumor treatment to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Further research is required to unravel the complex interplay between cell death modalities in HCC, which may lead to innovative therapeutic breakthroughs.
NPAS4 supports cocaine-conditioned cues in rodents by controlling the cell type-specific activation balance in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Hughes Brandon W. , Huebschman Jessica L. , Tsvetkov Evgeny , Siemsen Benjamin M. , Snyder Kirsten K. , Akiki Rose Marie , Wood Daniel J. , Penrod Rachel D. , Scofield Michael D. , Berto Stefano , Taniguchi Makoto , Cowan Christopher W.
Published: August 2024

Powerful associations that link drugs of abuse with cues in the drug-paired environment often serve as prepotent relapse triggers. Drug-associated contexts and cues activate ensembles of nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons, including D1-class medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that typically promote, and D2-class MSNs that typically oppose, drug seeking. We found that in mice, cocaine conditioning upregulated transiently the activity-regulated transcription factor, Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 4 (NPAS4), in a small subset of NAc neurons. The NPAS4+ NAc ensemble was required for cocaine conditioned place preference. We also observed that NPAS4 functions within NAc D2-, but not D1-, MSNs to support cocaine-context associations and cue-induced cocaine, but not sucrose, seeking. Together, our data show that the NPAS4+ ensemble of NAc neurons is essential for cocaine-context associations in mice, and that NPAS4 itself functions in NAc D2-MSNs to support cocaine-context associations by suppressing drug-induced counteradaptations that oppose relapse-related behaviour.
Fluorescence changes in carbon nanotube sensors correlate with THz absorption of hydration
Authors: Nalige Sanjana S. , Galonska Phillip , Kelich Payam , Sistemich Linda , Herrmann Christian , Vukovic Lela , Kruss Sebastian , Havenith Martina
Published: August 2024

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) functionalized with (bio-)polymers such as DNA are soluble in water and sense analytes by analyte-specific changes of their intrinsic fluorescence. Such SWCNT-based (bio-)sensors translate the binding of a molecule (molecular recognition) into a measurable optical signal. This signal transduction is crucial for all types of molecular sensors to achieve high sensitivities. Although there is an increasing number of SWCNT-based sensors, there is yet no molecular understanding of the observed changes in the SWCNT’s fluorescence. Here, we report THz experiments that map changes in the local hydration of the solvated SWCNT upon binding of analytes such as the neurotransmitter dopamine or the vitamin riboflavin. The THz amplitude signal serves as a measure of the coupling of charge fluctuations in the SWCNTs to the charge density fluctuations in the hydration layer. We find a linear (inverse) correlation between changes in THz amplitude and the intensity of the change in fluorescence induced by the analytes. Simulations show that the organic corona shapes the local water, which determines the exciton dynamics. Thus, THz signals are a quantitative predictor for signal transduction strength and can be used as a guiding chemical design principle for optimizing fluorescent biosensors.
Lineage-informative microhaplotypes for recurrence classification and spatio-temporal surveillance of Plasmodium vivax malaria parasites
Authors: Siegel Sasha V. , Trimarsanto Hidayat , Amato Roberto , Murie Kathryn , Taylor Aimee R. , Sutanto Edwin , Kleinecke Mariana , Whitton Georgia , Watson James A. , Imwong Mallika , Assefa Ashenafi , Rahim Awab Ghulam , Nguyen Hoang Chau , Tran Tinh Hien , Green Justin A. , Koh Gavin C. K. W. , White Nicholas J. , Day Nicholas , Kwiatkowski Dominic P. , Rayner Julian C. , Price Ric N. , Auburn Sarah
Published: August 2024

Challenges in classifying recurrent Plasmodium vivax infections constrain surveillance of antimalarial efficacy and transmission. Recurrent infections may arise from activation of dormant liver stages (relapse), blood-stage treatment failure (recrudescence) or reinfection. Molecular inference of familial relatedness (identity-by-descent or IBD) can help resolve the probable origin of recurrences. As whole genome sequencing of P. vivax remains challenging, targeted genotyping methods are needed for scalability. We describe a P. vivax marker discovery framework to identify and select panels of microhaplotypes (multi-allelic markers within small, amplifiable segments of the genome) that can accurately capture IBD. We evaluate panels of 50–250 microhaplotypes discovered in a global set of 615 P. vivax genomes. A candidate global 100-microhaplotype panel exhibits high marker diversity in the Asia-Pacific, Latin America and horn of Africa (median HE = 0.70–0.81) and identifies 89% of the polyclonal infections detected with genome-wide datasets. Data simulations reveal lower error in estimating pairwise IBD using microhaplotypes relative to traditional biallelic SNP barcodes. The candidate global panel also exhibits high accuracy in predicting geographic origin and captures local infection outbreak and bottlenecking events. Our framework is open-source enabling customised microhaplotype discovery and selection, with potential for porting to other species or data resources.
Covalently linked molecular catalysts in conjugated polymer dots boost photocatalytic alcohol oxidation in neutral condition
Authors: Wang Sicong , Pavliuk Mariia V. , Zou Xianshao , Huang Ping , Cai Bin , Svensson Orpita M. , Tian Haining
Published: August 2024

As a new class of organic photocatalysts, polymer dots show a potential application in photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production coupled with chemical oxidation such as methanol oxidation. However, the poor methanol oxidation ability by polymer dots still inhibits the overall photocatalytic reaction occurring in the neutral condition. In this work, an organic molecular catalyst 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical is covalently linked to a fluorene unit in a polymer skeleton, eventually enabling photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production coupled with methanol oxidation in the neutral condition. By conducting various spectroscopic measurements, charge transfer between components in this molecular catalyst-immobilized polymer dots system is studied and found to be very efficient for hydrogen peroxide production coupled with alcohol oxidation. This work proves a strategy for designing polymer dots photocatalysts with molecular catalysts, facilitating their future development and potential applications in other fields such as water splitting, CO2 reduction, photoredox catalysis and photodynamic therapy.
In situ assembly of an injectable cardiac stimulator
Authors: Aydemir Umut , Mousa Abdelrazek H. , Dicko Cedric , Strakosas Xenofon , Shameem Muhammad Anwar , Hellman Karin , Yadav Amit Singh , Ekström Peter , Hughes Damien , Ek Fredrik , Berggren Magnus , Arner Anders , Hjort Martin , Olsson Roger
Published: August 2024

Without intervention, cardiac arrhythmias pose a risk of fatality. However, timely intervention can be challenging in environments where transporting a large, heavy defibrillator is impractical, or emergency surgery to implant cardiac stimulation devices is not feasible. Here, we introduce an injectable cardiac stimulator, a syringe loaded with a nanoparticle solution comprising a conductive polymer and a monomer that, upon injection, forms a conductive structure around the heart for cardiac stimulation. Following treatment, the electrode is cleared from the body, eliminating the need for surgical extraction. The mixture adheres to the beating heart in vivo without disrupting its normal rhythm. The electrofunctionalized injectable cardiac stimulator demonstrates a tissue-compatible Young’s modulus of 21 kPa and a high conductivity of 55 S/cm. The injected electrode facilitates electrocardiogram measurements, regulates heartbeat in vivo, and rectifies arrhythmia. Conductive functionality is maintained for five consecutive days, and no toxicity is observed at the organism, organ, or cellular levels.
Metabolic and transcriptomic reprogramming during contact inhibition-induced quiescence is mediated by YAP-dependent and YAP-independent mechanisms
Authors: Kang Soeun , Antoniewicz Maciek R. , Hay Nissim
Published: August 2024

Metabolic rewiring during the proliferation-to-quiescence transition is poorly understood. Here, using a model of contact inhibition-induced quiescence, we conducted 13C-metabolic flux analysis in proliferating (P) and quiescent (Q) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to investigate this process. Q cells exhibit reduced glycolysis but increased TCA cycle flux and mitochondrial respiration. Reduced glycolytic flux in Q cells correlates with reduced glycolytic enzyme expression mediated by yes-associated protein (YAP) inhibition. The increased TCA cycle activity and respiration in Q cells is mediated by induced mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) expression, rendering them vulnerable to MPC inhibition. The malate-to-pyruvate flux, which generates NADPH, is markedly reduced by modulating malic enzyme 1 (ME1) dimerization in Q cells. Conversely, the malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1)-mediated oxaloacetate-to-malate flux is reversed and elevated in Q cells, driven by high mitochondrial-derived malate levels, reduced cytosolic oxaloacetate, elevated MDH1 levels, and a high cytoplasmic NAD+/NADH ratio. Transcriptomic analysis revealed large number of genes are induced in Q cells, many of which are associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM), while YAP-dependent and cell cycle-related genes are repressed. The results suggest that high TCA cycle flux and respiration in Q cells are required to generate ATP and amino acids to maintain de-novo ECM protein synthesis and secretion.
Reinterpretation of prostate cancer pathology by Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1 biomarkers
Authors: Logan Jessica M. , Martini Carmela , Sorvina Alexandra , Johnson Ian R. D. , Brooks Robert D. , Caruso Maria C. , Huzzell Chelsea , Moore Courtney R. , Karageorgos Litsa , Butler Lisa M. , Tewari Prerna , Prabhakaran Sarita , Hickey Shane M. , Klebe Sonja , Samaratunga Hemamali , Delahunt Brett , Moretti Kim , O’Leary John J. , Brooks Douglas A. , Ung Ben S.-Y.
Published: August 2024

The diagnosis of prostate cancer using histopathology is reliant on the accurate interpretation of prostate tissue sections. Current standards rely on the assessment of Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, which can be difficult to interpret and introduce inter-observer variability. Here, we present a digital pathology atlas and online resource of prostate cancer tissue micrographs for both H&E and the reinterpretation of samples using a novel set of three biomarkers as an interactive tool, where clinicians and scientists can explore high resolution histopathology from various case studies. The digital pathology prostate cancer atlas when used in conjunction with the biomarkers, will assist pathologists to accurately grade prostate cancer tissue samples.
Characterization of effective moisture diffusivity based on pore structure of concrete
Authors: Dehwah Osamah H. A. , Hamidane H’mida , Xi Yunping
Published: August 2024

Concrete durability is greatly influenced by the transport rate of aggressive chemicals. Moisture diffusion plays a key role in the long-term performance of cementitious materials, as it facilitates the entry of aggressive chemicals into concrete. The pore size distribution plays a critical role in determining moisture diffusivity. However, the characteristics of the concrete pore structure have not been included comprehensively in the material models so far. In this paper, a theoretical model was developed to obtain the pore size volume fractions for each diffusion mechanism including Molecular, Knudsen and Surface diffusions. An effective moisture diffusivity in concrete was then obtained using the weighted average based on the diffusion mechanisms and pore size volume fractions. The model’s validity was demonstrated by comparing model predictions with available experimental data. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the behavior of the concrete pore structure and its impact on moisture diffusivity.
Growing prominence of deep-sea life in marine bioprospecting
Authors: Zhivkoplias Erik , Jouffray Jean-Baptiste , Dunshirn Paul , Pranindita Agnes , Blasiak Robert
Published: August 2024

Marine bioprospecting, which involves the exploration of genetic and biochemical material from marine organisms, can be used towards addressing a broad range of public and environmental health applications such as disease treatment, diagnostics and bioremediation. Marine genetic resources are important reservoirs for such bioprospecting efforts; however, the extent to which they are used commercially for natural product discovery and the marine sources from which they are derived are not well understood. Here we introduce a comprehensive database of marine genes referenced in patent filings, the Marine Bioprospecting Patent database. It includes 92,550 protein-coding sequences associated with 4,779 patent filings, identified by analysing all relevant records from genetic sequence databases. Three companies alone—BASF, IFF and DuPont—included sequences from 949 species (more than half of referenced species with identified marine origin). Microbial life in the deep sea, a vast and remote biome predominantly beyond national jurisdiction, is already attracting substantial economic interest; the top ten patent holders have all filed marine gene patents referencing sequences from deep-sea life. Our findings provide an updated understanding of the marine bioprospecting landscape, contribute to the sustainable use of marine biodiversity and underscore the need for policymakers to ensure stewardship of deep-sea ecosystems.
Controlling cellular packing and hypoxia in 3D tumor spheroids via DNA interactions
Authors: Saemundsson Sven A. , Curry Shane D. , Bower Bryce M. , DeBoo Ethan J. , Goodwin Andrew P. , Cha Jennifer N.
Published: August 2024

Tumor spheroids represent valuable in vitro models for studying cancer biology and evaluating therapeutic strategies.
A comprehensive apoptotic assessment of niloticin in cervical cancer cells: a tirucallane-type triterpenoid from Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) Parker
Authors: Joseph Anuja Gracy , Biji Mohanan , Murali Vishnu Priya , Sherin Daisy R. , Valsan Alisha , Sukumaran Vimalkumar P. , Radhakrishnan Kokkuvayil Vasu , Maiti Kaustabh Kumar
Published: August 2024

Niloticin, a triterpenoid from Aphanamixis polystachya, induces apoptosis in HeLa cells which is primarily validated through in silico analysis and subsequently in vitro apoptotic evaluation by modulating the apoptotic proteins.
Protein corona alleviates adverse biological effects of nanoplastics in breast cancer cells
Authors: Xiao Siyao , Wang Junbiao , Digiacomo Luca , Amici Augusto , De Lorenzi Valentina , Pugliese Licia Anna , Cardarelli Francesco , Cerrato Andrea , Laganà Aldo , Cui Lishan , Papi Massimiliano , Caracciolo Giulio , Marchini Cristina , Pozzi Daniela
Published: August 2024

Formation and characterization of the protein corona on polystyrene nanoplastics and its impact on cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and signaling pathways in breast cancer cells.
Upconversion and NIR-II luminescent rare earth nanoparticles combined with machine learning for cancer theranostics
Authors: Liu Hanyu , Ju Ziyue , Hui Xin , Li Wenjing , Lv Ruichan
Published: August 2024

RENPs for dual-spectral diagnosis using machine learning and luminescence-guided therapy were designed and synthesized for cancer theranostics.
Yttrium doping stabilizes the structure of Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4 cathodes for application in advanced Ni–Zn batteries
Authors: Feng Xinyu , Zhang Siwen , Li Jiazhuo , Hu Yingfang , Ge Rongyuan , Shi Yaowen , Yao Yali , Yin Bosi , Ma Tianyi
Published: August 2024

The Y-Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4 material is used for zinc-based alkaline batteries. The constructed Zn-Ni batteries offer a high energy density (379 Wh kg−1) with a power density of 1749 W kg−1.
Machine learning-aided understanding of the structure–activity relationship: a case study of MoS2 supported metal–nonmetal pairs for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Chen Anjie , Sun Jinxin , Guan Junming , Liu Yaqi , Han Ying , Zhou Wenqi , Zhao Xinli , Wang Yanbiao , Liu Yongjun , Zhang Xiuyun
Published: August 2024

Understanding the structure–performance relationship is crucial for designing highly active electrocatalysts, yet this remains a challenge.
Recent progress in high-voltage P2-NaxTMO2 materials and their future perspectives
Authors: Li Manni , Lin Weiqi , Ji Yurong , Guan Lianyu , Qiu Linyuan , Chen Yuhong , Lu Qiaoyu , Ding Xiang
Published: August 2024

P2-type layered materials (NaxTMO2) have become attractive cathode electrodes owing to their high theoretical energy density and simple preparation.
Continuous flow synthesis and crystallization of modafinil: a novel approach for integrated manufacturing
Authors: Silva-Brenes Diana V. , Agrawal Shailesh , López-Mejías Vilmalí , Duconge Jorge , Vlaar Cornelis P. , Monbaliu Jean-Christophe M. , Stelzer Torsten
Published: August 2024

This study reports efforts toward the integrated advanced manufacturing of the anti-narcoleptic drug modafinil via flow chemistry and continuous crystallization.
Forging structural complexity: diastereoselective synthesis of densely substituted β-lactams with dual functional handles for enhanced core modifications
Authors: Rodriguez Treviño Agustin M. , Loch-Temzelides Pierre , Pandiri Sanjay , Kirkland Justin K. , Davenport Michael T. , Aguinaga Ulises , Yousufuddin Muhammed , Ess Daniel H. , Kürti László
Published: August 2024

A novel and highly diastereoselective NBS-mediated cyclization of N-alkoxy α,β-unsaturated silyl imino ethers to furnish nearly three dozen α-bromo N-alkoxy β-lactams with dual functional handles is described.
Breaking the scaling relations of effective CO2 electrochemical reduction in diatomic catalysts by adjusting the flow direction of intermediate structures
Authors: Zhang Yanwen , Yao Zhaoqun , Yang YiMing , Zhai Xingwu , Zhang Feng , Guo Zhirong , Liu Xinghuan , Yang Bin , Liang Yunxia , Ge Guixian , Jia Xin
Published: August 2024

High-throughput calculations show 11 flow directions from *CO to *CHO on DACs. The catalyst disrupting the linear adsorption relationship is linked to multiple, not just one, flow direction.
Unraveling the effects of asymmetric interfaces in three-dimensional solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Goh Young Gyun , Kim Jeong Hun , Kim Hyoungchul , Shin Sung Soo
Published: August 2024

The three-dimensional (3D) structuring of interfaces in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is a valuable morphological approach that maximizes the reaction area and ion transfer pathways, enabling operation at lower temperatures.
Efficient water-collection hybrid surface optimized through combination-hole arrangement and diversion groove structure design
Authors: Zhao Jing , Liu Chuang , Cheng Zijin , Sun Ruoyu , Hu Yixian , Mo Jiliang
Published: August 2024

A hybrid surface with combination-hole and a diversion groove structure was designed to maximize the water collection efficiency.
Temperature promotes selectivity during electrochemical CO2 reduction on NiO:SnO2 nanofibers
Authors: Rodriguez-Olguin M. A. , Lipin R. , Suominen M. , Ruiz-Zepeda F. , Castañeda-Morales E. , Manzo-Robledo A. , Gardeniers J. G. E. , Flox C. , Kallio T. , Vandichel M. , Susarrey-Arce A.
Published: August 2024

Nanofibers composed of nickel and thin oxide nanocrystals for high-temperature electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate.
Recent advances in small-molecule organic fluorescent semiconductors
Authors: Zhao Lingxu , Li Jie , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping
Published: August 2024

Recent advances in small-molecule organic fluorescent semiconductors are summarized from the aspects of aggregation structures, materials and properties, and their related optoelectronic applications.
Effects of tuning decision trees in random forest regression on predicting porosity of a hydrocarbon reservoir. A case study: volve oil field, north sea
Authors: Sandunil Kushan , Bennour Ziad , Ben Mahmud Hisham , Giwelli Ausama
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the effects of tuning n_estimators along with max_features and min_samples_leaf in random forest regression when predicting the porosity of the Volve oil field.
Revolutionizing photovoltaic consumption and electric vehicle charging: A novel approach for residential distribution systems
Authors: Meng Qinglin , Tong Xinyu , Hussain Sheharyar , Luo Fengzhang , Zhou Fei , Liu Lei , He Ying , Jin Xiaolong , Li Botong
Published: August 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) and small photovoltaic (PV) installations advance residential power grids by lowering charging costs and fostering eco‐friendly operations. Yet, the variable nature of EV charging presents challenges to grid reliability. This research introduces a Monte Carlo‐based simulation for predicting EV charging loads and a systematic charging method that integrates a ‘green electricity’ pricing scheme with a joint optimization model for PV and EV management. By applying an improved ant lion optimizer (IALO) algorithm enriched with differential evolution features, an optimization strategy that markedly enhances grid performance is devised. In a park scenario, this ‘green electricity’ model reduced the mean square error of EV charging load by 11.82%, smoothed the power load curve, and improved grid stability. When compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithms, the IALO algorithm boosted overall revenue by 16.8% and 12.8%, increased PV utilization by 162.3% and 37.1%, and significantly cut carbon emissions by 159.6% and 31.6%, respectively. These outcomes affirm the financial, environmental, and functional benefits of our proposed approach.
Determination of the most economical leakage level in the district-metered area with the optimization algorithm
Authors: Yilmaz Salih , Ateş Abdullah , Firat Mahmut
Published: August 2024

Failures and breaks occurring in water distribution networks (WDSs) create significant leakage volumes annually. System operating conditions deteriorate due to the increase in the rate of failure and leakage. Therefore, the failure rate and leakage volume should be reduced by applying the most appropriate methods. For this, the most economically suitable level must first be defined in each system or districtmetered area. This study aims to define the most economical leakage level with the optimization algorithm in the district-metered area in water distribution systems. For this, network characteristics, subscriber information and water consumption, water production cost, failure rates, and other data in the isolated measurement area are considered. Ant lion optimization algorithm was used as the optimization algorithm in the study. The definition of the methods to be applied to reach the defined ELL level constitutes a reference for the implementers. Water utilities can continue their loss reduction strategies in the most economically efficient way with the help of this method. In the selected regions of the study area, pressure management application and active leakage method application were economical. Thus, it is possible to create a more effective and efficient leakage management plan in the isolated measurement area. It is thought that the results obtained from the study will serve as a reference for practitioners and technical personnel, especially in terms of determining the appropriate leakage target level for each isolated region.
Data-driven economic predictive control for sustainable management of renewable energy systems
Authors: Shermatova Makhbuba , Ibragimova Komila , Yuldashev Dilyorjon
Published: August 2024

The transition to renewable energy sources is driven by the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mitigate climate change, and enhance energy security. Renewable sources, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, are inherently intermittent, making their integration into the power grid complex. This paper emphasizes the significance of predictive modelling for renewable energy optimization and it establishes the connection between machine learning and economic model predictive control techniques for the realization of sustainable energy management of renewable sources. Machine Learning based frameworks can assist energy providers in preparing for fluctuating sustainable energy supplies by predicting energy demand and forecasting the power production capabilities in energy plants. Moreover, combining smart grid designs with proposed predictive control technique can ensure consumer satisfaction while adhering to sustainability requirements.
A bibliometric analysis of self-ordering systems research using vosviewer
Authors: Weny Aily Kho , Nadhira Felita Alisa , Wijaya Shofiy Indra , Wijaya Mahaning Indrawaty , Gunawan Ali
Published: August 2024

In this era of society, various sectors, including the food and beverage industry, are keen on integrating technological systems into their operational workflows to help the growth of the business itself. The adoption of technology systems in business processes, such as self-ordering system kiosks, tablets, or QR code menus, has become an emerging trend, including many stores, hotels, airports, and restaurants that eliminating inefficiency of manual ordering and reducing paper waste due to book menu. Many restaurants have been enabling customers to use a QR code method to order menus from their tables, which makes this study aim to examine the impact of self-ordering with QR codes within the scientific community. The literature review method is used in this research by analyzing 324 data encompassing a diverse range of sources, including articles, reviews, conference papers, books, and book chapters conducted since June 2023, spanning the publication years from 2018 to 2023. The analysis shows keywords related to self-service technology, technology acceptance, restaurant, etc. has been emerging trends within scientific community apart from there are gaps for further study. Nevertheless, self-ordering systems with QR codes are sought after for their potential to enhance efficiency and speed, reduce human error, save costs, improve the customer experience, and provide real-time order tracking. Using self-ordering is also related to the SDGs in improving industry, innovation, and infrastructure because it can support inclusive and sustainable industry.
Intelligent waste management using IoT, blockchain technology and data analytics
Authors: Gulyamov Said
Published: August 2024

Waste management is a growing challenge globally, with major impacts on social health, greenhouse gas emissions, and sustainable development. This paper provides an in-depth analysis on the potential of emerging technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain platforms, big data analytics and artificial intelligence to enable more intelligent, sustainable waste management systems. A robust methodology of literature review, real-world case analysis, deduction and critical reasoning was utilized. The key findings are: (1) logistics optimization through machine learning driven dynamic routing and load optimization, reducing costs by 25-40%, (2) GHG emission reductions above 15% from optimized transportation, (3) 40%+ improvements in recycling rates and landfill diversion through waste stream automation and citizen engagement apps, and (4) over 50% reduction in waste contamination enabled by automated waste characterization using image recognition. However, barriers like infrastructure costs, lack of capabilities, and change management constrain adoption. Targeted pilots, open data sharing, and partnerships can drive implementation. Intelligent waste systems are critical for cities to cost-effectively tackle the growing waste challenge while meeting sustainability goals.