bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELATIVE POTENTIAL OF DIFFERENT PLANT EXTRACTS AND GERMPLASM FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF TOMATO MOSAIC VIRUS DISEASE
Authors: ABBAS WASEEM , HAQ MUHAMMAD EHETISHAM UL , KAMRAN MUHAMMAD , SHAHBAZ MUHAMMAD UMAR , SAEED SAJJAD , ALI SHAUKAT , RASHID ABDUL , AHMAD SALMAN , MUGHAL KHALID MEHMOOD , SAEED MUHAMMAD , NADEEM KASHIF
Published: July 2023

Tomato is an important vegetable crop grown on all continents of the world. Tomato mosaic virus disease significantly lowers the yield in the field every year. The present study was conducted to find the resistant germplasm and to evaluate the potential of different plant extracts to manage the Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) disease in field conditions. Ten tomato genotypes were evaluated against the ToMV disease in field conditions. Out of ten varieties/lines, no one was found highly resistant and two varieties/lines (VRI-575 and Naqeeb) were evaluated as resistant to the disease. Aqueous extracts of three different plants (Azadirachta indica, Calotropis procera and Allium cepa) were potentially evaluated at 1% concentrations by three-times foliar application against the disease. In control, nothing was applied. A significant difference in disease index was observed among plant extracts. The disease significantly decreased with the number of applications. Azadirachta indica was found most effective to manage the disease as compared to the others in field conditions. Allium cepa was found least effective against the ToMV disease. From the present study, it was revealed that Naqeeb and VRI-575 varieties/lines may be used for the future breeding program and extracts of Azadirachta indica may be applied to manage the disease.
EVALUATION OF MUNGBEAN ADVANCE LINES/VARIETIES AGAINST TWO MAJOR DISEASES OF MYMV & ULCV
Authors: SHAH JAVED ANWAR , MALGHANI ABDUL LATIF , ANWAR SHAKEEL AHMAD , HUSSAIN AMER , KHAN RANA ABDUL HAMID , ABBAS MUDASSAR , HANIF MUHAMMAD KASHIF
Published: July 2023

Among pulses, Mungbean is an important pulse crop in the world. It contains huge amount of protein and have high nutritional value. The most important viral diseases of Mungbean are the Mungbean yellow mosaic and urdbean leaf crinkle viruses. Yield and quality of seed is affected by these two diseases. The screening studies were completed in research area of Plant Pathology Research Institute, Faisalabad during 2020-2021. Thirteen Mungbean lines/varieties were tested against both diseases. A check Mungbean Kabuli was sown after every two test entries. In case of yellow mosaic virus 02 lines (TM1601 &TM1742) were found highly resistant, 04 lines (TM1608, TM1609,TM1714 &TM1723) showed the moderately resistant type of reaction, 04 lines (TM1730, TM1745, TM1748&TM1751) were found moderately susceptible ,02 were susceptible(TM1717 & TM1722) and Mungbean were found highly susceptible. The level of resistance was 10.52% while of moderately resistance was 21.05%. In case of urdbean leaf crinkle virus 02 lines (TM1609& TM1748) were found resistant, 06 lines (TM1608, TM1722, TM1723,TM1730, TM1742 & TM1745) exhibited moderately resistant, 04 lines (TM1601, TM1717, TM1723 &TM1730) showed moderately susceptible, 02 lines ( TM1714 & TM1751) were found susceptible and Mungbean responded highly susceptible type of reaction. The level of resistance was 10.52 while moderately resistant was also 31.57 %.
RESPONSE OF DRUG AMALGAMATION THROUGH COPPER NANOPARTICLES AS MAJESTIC HELPERS TO HALT THE THIRD WAVE OF SARS-COV-2, A REVIEW
Authors: NAEEM ASMA , SHAHEEN FAIQA , SHAHZADI ANILA , ARSALAN HAFIZ MUHAMMAD , SARWAR NAILA , HABIBA UME , FARHEEN NEELAM , HEWADMAL HEWAD , ARSHAD SHAFIA , ARIF AMINA
Published: July 2023

The contemporary contagious ailment is caused by one of the deadliest coronaviruses, the SARS-COV-2. This novel zoonotic entity leads to multi-organ failure and an escalating threat and turbulence all over the world. Albeit a lot of work has been done to beat this virus, it is still radiating consistently. A colossal number of antiviral drugs has been tested to overcome the current pandemic but no promising remedy. A new approach to employ drug amalgamation such as remdesivir with hydroxychloroquine and losartan would better eradicate this outbreak. For this purpose, copper nanoparticles (extracted from a Prophetic, miraculous herb Nigella sativa) would serve as excellent transporters of such kinds of drug composites. In this review, the several possible therapies available across the world will be discussed in addition to the existing evidence for each of them. This new insight would be beneficial to fight against the latest rife.
CHRONOLOGICAL LEVELS FOR SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASE RESISTANT, CLIMATE-RESILIENT AND HIGH YIELDING LENTIL CULTIVAR FOR FOOD SECURITY
Authors: SAEED MUHAMMAD SAJJAD , KAUKAB SADIA , REHMAN AZIZ UR , AMIN MUHAMMAD AMIR , KHAN RANA ABDUL HAMID , KHAN MUHAMMAD EHSAN , MAHBOOB ASRAR
Published: July 2023

Lentil used all over the world due to its rich source of dietary proteins. The aim of study was to identify and develop disease resistance, high yielding lentil cultivar with high protein contents. The hybridization of (NARC-02-2 X 01505) followed by pedigree method of selection. The newly developed line 10502 tested in a series of trials on multi locations for disease tolerance and yield comparison. The maximum yield potential of 2529 kg/ha was achieved out yielded check variety Pb.M-2009 and testified as moderately resistant to Lentil Rust and Botrytis Grey Mold disease. In addition to this, found suitable for both irrigated and arid region. The characterization studies revealed that genotype had improved traits with 3seeds/pod and 4- 5pods/node. The quality analysis indicated high protein contents (29.2 %) and cooking quality test on base of physio-chemical traits indicated low cooking time and high values of swelling capacity. The line 10502 approved as new cultivar Punjab Masoor-2019 suitable for all areas of Punjab.
BACTERIAL WILT OF CUCUMBER: AN EMERGING THREAT TO CUCUMBER PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
Authors: ATIQ MUHAMMAD , ZULFIQAR HAFSA , RAJPUT NASIR AHMED , SAHI SHAHBAZ TALIB , ABBAS WASEEM , AHMAD SALMAN , SULTAN ADEEL , USMAN MUHAMMAD , JABBAR ABDUL , GHAFFAR AQSA , AIMEN TAHREEM , WASI-UD-DIN .
Published: July 2023

Cucumber is an economically important crop and cultivated in almost all temperature zones. It is also used as model system for sex and vascular biology study. Cultivation of cucumber is increasing day by day due to its high nutrition value. Several diseases pose great threat to cultivation of cucumber and one of the highly devastating disease of cucumber is bacterial wilt of cucumber. Erwinia tracheiphila is the causal agent of this disease and it is limited to xylem and absorbs all the nutrients from it and in result cause wilting of entire plant. This pathogen is transmitted by striped and spotted cucumber beetles. These beetles feed on seedlings and stems and carry the pathogen from infected to healthy plant. Bacterial wilt of cucumber was diagnosed in field by observing hyaline, sticky strands of slime. There are different management techniques available to control the spread of disease. Biological control and development of resistant varieties are gaining importance as compared to insecticides, due to their ecofriendly behavior towards human and animal life.
EFFECT OF SOME TREATMENTS ON PEA PRODUCTIVITY AND SOME SOIL PROPERTIES
Authors: GHAZI DINA A. , AHMED HODA I.
Published: July 2023

In light of the comprehensive agricultural renaissance strategy that the Egyptian government seeks to it for achieving food security, improving the growth and productivity of the pea plants has become an essential matter for workers in the plant nutrition field. So, a field experiment was executed during two successive winter seasons (2020/2021 and 2021/2022) aiming to evaluate the influence of soil addition of both potassium sulphate (K2SO4, 48% K2O) at different rates [100,75 and 50% of potassium recommended dose (KRD)] as main plots and potassium humate (KH) as sub main plots [applied (at rate of 15.0 kg fed-1) or not] as well as foliar application of some stimulants as sub-sub main plots i.e., control (without foliar application), boron (B) as boron ethanolamine (10% B) at rate of 100 mg L-1, salicylic acid (SA) at rate of 100 mg L-1 and combined treatment of both B and SA at the same rates on the performance and productivity of pea plants as well as soil fertility. The findings illustrated that 100% of KRD was the superior treatment followed by 75 and 50%, respectively. Also, pea plants treated with potassium humate possessed the growth performance, yield and quality traits better than that grown without potassium humate. Concerning the exogenous applications, the superior treatment was the combined treatment of both B and SA, while the treatment of SA alone came in the second order followed by B treatment alone and lately the control treatment (without spraying). Generally, it can be concluded that the best growth performance, yield and quality traits were realized with pea plants fertilized with 100% of KRD in the presence of potassium humate as soil addition and simultaneously with B and SA as a combined foliar application. Also, all studied soil properties, except soil pH, differed due to all studied treatment.
IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION FROM LEAF AND STEM DERIVED CALLUS OF Solanum diphyllum L. – A POTENT MEDICINAL HERB
Authors: RANJITHA M. , JAGANNATH SHOBHA
Published: July 2023

The present study was conducted to standardize a suitable protocol for rapid callus induction and in vitro regeneration in Solanum diphyllum using leaf and stem explants. The explants were cultured on MS medium fortified with 2, 4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), benzyl amino purine (BAP), and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at different concentrations and combinations. Among the growth regulators used, 2, 4-D offered a maximum callus of 93.6 ± 0.48 % at 1.5 mg/L in leaf explants while stem explants showed 89.1 ± 0.74 %.  While, a combination of the hormones however did not show significant results. The indirect regeneration was successfully achieved on MS medium containing BAP at 2 mg/L with multiple shoot regenerations frequency of 85.2 ± 0.58%  and no responses were noticed in 2, 4-D, and NAA.  The rhizogenesis was achieved for regenerated plantlets with a maximum root induction of 86.3 ± 0.54 % on MS medium supplemented with indole butyric acid (IBA) at 0.75 mg/L.  Plantlets with well-developed shoots with roots were successfully hardened and acclimatized with an 85% survival rate. Therefore, the outcome of these results revealed that the leaf explant is highly efficient for both calli as well as regeneration in S. diphyllum. Since it is a medicinally important species; our results will be useful to isolate active metabolites by using callus cultures throughout the year.
INCIDENCE OF HEPATITIS B & HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTIONS IN POTENTIAL BLOOD DONORS IN BAHAWALPUR REIGON, PAKISTAN
Authors: SHAMIM TAHIRA , SUMREEN LAILA , SHAHEEN GHAZALA , SHIRAZI JAFIR HUSSAIN
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Hepatitis is commonly transmitted during blood transfusion. The study aimed to find the incidence of hepatitis B & C among blood donors in Bahawalpur region and try to find relation of incidence with socio-demographic variables.

Material and Methods: The study was conducted in Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur (BVH). The data was collected by trained nurses working in blood bank in supervision of investigator through a structured record review check list developed by investigator in English. The investigator checked data for completeness and cross check from registers. The collected data had been coded before analysis. Descriptive analysis was done to determine the incidence of hepatitis B & C virus in the study population and its distribution categorized by independent variables i.e. age, gender, marital status, residence and education status of blood donor.

Results: The results indicated that 20 – 23 years old persons have high incidence rate 54.2% for Hepatitis B & 50.0% for Hepatitis C. Males are affected more (93.3% for Hepatitis B & 92.6% for Hepatitis C) as compared to females.  Ratio of incidence was also high in uneducated people 39.2% for Hepatitis B & 37.5% for Hepatitis C.  Hepatitis B and C were more common in married people 68.3% and 76.1% respectively. People residing in rural areas were also having a higher incidence 58.3% and 64.8% for Hepatitis B and C respectively.

Conclusion: By providing awareness of screening and safe blood transfusion, increasing the literacy rate, better sanitation and disposal facilities for community and preventive measures for avoiding hepatitis transmission to married and people residing in rural areas could be very beneficial in controlling and decreasing the incidence of hepatitis in this area.
THE EFFECT OF EXTRACTION METHOD ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF Lamium amplexicaule .L ETHANOL EXTRACT DETERMINED BY HPLC/MS-MS
Authors: SIHAM FERDJIOUI , RACHID BELHATTAB
Published: July 2023

Lamium amplexicaule. L is a plant of the Lamiaceae family, widespread in Algeria and North Africa. In the literature, no detailed research elucidating the methods of extraction of phenolic compounds from this species is available. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficient method between cold and hot extraction conditions. Ethanolic extracts were obtained by maceration and Soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical composition was determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Results demonstrate that the major compound in both extracts was chlorogenic acid. However, 18 compounds were identified in the extract obtained by Soxhlet and 17 in that obtained by maceration. The quantification of these constituents showed higher amounts in the Soxhlet extract than the maceration one. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Soxhlet extraction is more efficient for L. amplexicaule than the maceration one.
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG THIRTY-SEVEN Chenopodium quinoa GENOTYPES UNDER ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZATION
Authors: Al-NAGGAR AHMED MEDHAT MOHAMED , YOUNIS ABD EL-SAMAD MAHMOUD , ATTA MOHAMED MOHAMED , EL-MONEIM MAISA LOTFY ABD , AL-METWALLY MARIAM SABRY
Published: July 2023

Assessing the genetic diversity among quinoa germplasm is of prime importance for its effective utilization in breeding programs. The aims of the present investigation were to evaluate the magnitude of genetic diversity, based on phenotypic data, among 37 quinoa genotypes, under organic and/or inorganic fertilizer conditions and assess interrelationships between seed yield and its related traits under both environments. Two experiments were carried out in two seasons; the 1st experiment under organic fertilization and the 2nd under mineral fertilization conditions. A randomized complete blocks design with three replications was used. Principle component analysis (PCA) and GT-Biplot technique were used. Quinoa genotypes recorded significant differences (P≤0.01) for all studied traits under each environment. The promising genotype(s) for each trait were identified. Results of GT-biplot indicated that the traits, branches/plant, seed diameter, seed yield/plant, seed nitrogen content, biological yield/plant, 1000-seed weight, seed oil content, plant height, inflorescence diameter, inflorescences/plant and chlorophyll concentration index were strongly correlated with seed yield/ha, had high estimates of heritability and genetic advance and thus could be considered as secondary traits for high seed yield either under organic or inorganic fertilization. The clustering analysis assigned the 37 quinoa genotypes into three groups. The highest genetic dissimilarity Euclidean coefficients were recorded between G23 and each of G8, G34, G4, G9, G24 and G5; they are the most unrelated genotypes, but the lowest dissimilarity was between G13 and G26, they are the most related genotypes. The identified promising genotypes and secondary traits could be offered to quinoa breeders for use in future breeding programs to improve seed yield.
Multispektrális felvételek alapján készülő tematikus térképek minősége, a terepi felbontás és a képminőség függvényében
Authors: Bakó Gábor
Published: July 2023

A topográfiai, felszínborítási, élőhely elemzési térképek, és egyéb térinformatikai állományok túlnyomórészt különböző légi és űrfelvételek interpretálásával készülnek. Ezek az elemzések nem mentesek a torzításoktól, hibákat tartalmaznak. Vizsgálataim során arra kerestem a választ, hogy a különböző feltérképezni kívánt felszínborítási elemek milyen felbontás-tartományú felvételekről interpretálhatók megfelelő pontossággal.Adott mintaterületen, azonos körülmények között, azonos képi minőségben, de különböző terepi felbontással előállított légifelvétel-térképek interpretálásával vizsgáltam 29 felszínborítási kategória észlelhetőségét és lehatárolásának pontosságát. A vizsgálatot 10, 20, 50 cm terepi felbontású légifelvétel-mozaikon végeztem el és az eredményeket összehasonlítottam egymással, valmint a CORINE Land Cover 2006 kiértékelési térképpel.Kutatásom kizárólag a térbeli felbontásból adódó interpretációs különbségek vizsgálatára épül. Javaslataim megfogalmazása során nem végeztem gazdaságossági szempontokat is figyelembe vevő optimalizációt a felvétel-típusok kiválasztásához. Ezért azt a felbontás-tartományt tekintem gazdaságos felbontásnak, ahol az adott felszínborítási kategóriára vonatkozó kiértékelési torzítás már elhanyagolható, és a felbontás további növelésével már nem tapasztalható jelentős torzítás csökkenés. A vizsgálat csupán diszkrét terepi felbontásértékeken elvégzett kísérlet, amelynek legfontosabb tanulsága az, hogy az elemezni kívánt jelenség, objektum, élőhely szerint kell megválasztani a felvételezés felbontását. Lakott területek feltérképezésénél 1 m-nél nagyobb, ökológiai jellegű vizsgálatokhoz, és mikroklíma modellezéshez 10 cm-es vagy annál részletesebb, a közút és vasúthálózat térinformatikai adatbázisba történő felvételéhez 20 cm vagy annál nagyobb terepi felbontású felvételeket alkalmazzunk. Amennyiben természetvédelmi szempontú kárfelméréshez térképezzük fel a tájsebek által érintett felszíneket, 20 cm körüli terepi felbontású légifelvételekkel lehet a leggazdaságosabban elvégezni a feladatot. Az illegális hulladéklerakók – 10 cm terepi felbontásnál részletesebb légifelvételekről térképezhetőek. A vadgazdálkodás a 10 cm terepi felbontású felvételeket vagy az annál részletesebb állományokat tudja érdemben felhasználni. A füves élőhelyek elemzése 3–7 cm terepi felbontást igényel. A mezőgazdaság számára elegendőek lehetnek a 20 cm terepi felbontású felvételek, de amennyiben igazán pontos adatokra van szükség a növénybetegségek által sújtott területek, a pontosabb terméshozambecslés, meliorációs munkák előkészítése, tervezése, a munkálatok eredményének ellenőrzése szempontjából, érdemes lehet 10 cm terepi felvételeket választani. Az erdőgazdálkodás számára meglepően pontos információ-forrást jelentenek az 50 cm terepi pontosságú felvételek, amennyiben a lombos, örökzöld, bebokrosodó cserjés, és fiatal erdőrészletek elkülönítésére szorítkozunk.
Vegetációs adatbázisok és a CORINE felszínborítási térkép szintézisének módszertani kérdései az Ipoly-vízgyűjtő növényzeti térképe kapcsán
Authors: Biró Marianna , Horváth Ferenc , Bölöni János , Molnár Zsolt
Published: July 2023

A MÉTA adatbázis sokféle növényzeti és táji jellemzője lehetővé teszi a már létező térinformatikai adatbázisok információtartalmának gazdagítását és minőségileg új térképek elkészítését. Cikkünkben megvizsgáljuk a CORINE felszínborítási térkép botanikai információval való továbbfejlesztésének lehetőségeit. Az adatgazdagítás egyik lehetséges módszerét regionális léptékben, az Ipoly-vízgyűjtő magyarországi területén próbáltuk ki. Az Ipoly-vízgyűjtő mintegy 150 000 hektár nagyságú területére elkészített növényzeti térkép két térinformatikai adatbázis szakértői integrálásával készült. A közepes felbontású térképi alapot a CORINE felszínborítási térkép poligon-hálózata adta, Magyarország Élőhelyeinek Térképi Adatbázisa (MÉTA) pedig a részletes botanikai tartalom forrása volt. A térkép a határmenti régió településfejlesztési és tervezési, környezetvédelmi, természetvédelmi és ökoturisztikai céljait egyaránt szolgálhatja majd.
Aprendizaje de la física en contextos afrocolombianos
Authors: Sánchez Quiñones Domingo
Published: July 2023

Esta investigación se enfoca en cómo la etnofísica se puede integrar en los procesos de enseñanza en comunidades afrocolombianas. La etnofísica es el estudio de los conocimientos físicos y científicos que existen en las diferentes culturas y cómo se transmiten de generación en generación. En Colombia, muchos de estos conocimientos se han perdido debido a la discriminación y la marginación de las comunidades afrocolombianas. La incorporación de la etnofísica en los procesos de enseñanza puede ser una forma de recuperar estos conocimientos y fortalecer la identidad cultural de las comunidades.
Temblor esencial vs Enfermedad de Parkinson, revisión de la bibliografía
Authors: Lana Saavedra Héctor Enrique , Alulema Luzuriaga Brayan Antonio
Published: July 2023

Los temblores esenciales y la enfermedad de Parkinson son dos trastornos neurológicos que afectan a millones de personas en todo el mundo. Si bien comparten algunas similitudes en sus síntomas, causas y tratamientos, son condiciones distintas que requieren diferentes enfoques de diagnóstico y manejo. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura con información de los últimos 5 años como fechas límites del año 2018 al año 2023, en los idiomas inglés y español, considerando bases de datos como Pubmed, Springer, Redalyc. La investigación tiene un carácter exploratorio por lo que la metodología a utilizar será cualitativa. El temblor esencial es muy común de entre todos los tipos de temblores, el cual puede afectar adultos y niños. definido como un movimiento oscilatorio involuntario de las extremidades bilateral del cuerpo, se puede presentar en otras partes del cuerpo como cuello y cuerdas vocales provocando temblor al hablar. Los temblores esenciales y la enfermedad de Parkinson son dos trastornos neurológicos distintos que pueden causar una discapacidad y un deterioro significativos. Si bien comparten algunas similitudes en sus síntomas y tratamientos, es importante diagnosticar con precisión y diferenciar entre estas afecciones para brindar las estrategias de manejo más efectivas.
Impacto de la Cátedra de paz en comunidades afro de Colombia
Authors: Enrique Benítez Dorman
Published: July 2023

El tema de esta investigación se centra en el impacto de la Cátedra de la Paz en Colombia para la comunidad afro. Donde se resalta como la Catedra de la Paz busca educar a las personas sobre la importancia de construir la paz, teniendo en cuenta los factores que considerar influyentes, tales como: la discriminación racial y la exclusión histórica de esta población. Por lo cual, esta investigación tiene como fin: promover la memoria histórica y el reconocimiento de los aportes de la cultura afrodescendiente en la construcción de la paz en Colombia. Bajo un diseño metodológico mixto tanto el cualitativo como el cuantitativo se direccionaron con un enfoque participativo y centrado en la comunidad, abordando temas como la justicia social, la equidad y la inclusión.
Control interno e información financiera en la Industria Fitness de Arequipa
Authors: Huanca Mamani Damiana Estrella , Quilia Valerio Jhoansson Victor Manuel
Published: July 2023

La investigación presento como objetivo principal: determinar la relación existente entre el control interno y la información financiera en la Industria Fitness de Arequipa. La metodología fue cualitativa, aplicada, no experimental-transversal, correlacional; se administró un cuestionario a 51 colaboradores del área administrativa y contables de 5 empresas de esta Industria con el propósito de alcanzar datos de las variables. En los resultados mediante la prueba de Rho de Spearman se alcanzaron valores de una sig. bilateral de 0,000 menor a 0,005. Por lo que se interpreta que, el control interno si presenta una asociación significativa con la información financiera, preparación de estados financieros, rendición de cuentas, toma de decisiones financieras en la industria del Fitness de Arequipa. Se concluyó que, existe una asociación significativa entre las variables de estudio, esto responde a que, el control interno en la práctica empresarial presenta una asociación significativa con la información financiera, ya que contribuye a la transparencia, la confianza, el cumplimiento normativo, la prevención de fraudes y la eficiencia operativa, una gestión adecuada del control interno fortalece la integridad de los informes financieros y promueve la toma de decisiones basada en información confiable y razonable.
Nonlinear finite element Analysis of laterally loaded piles in Layered Soils
Authors: Saeed Haitham , Saad Abed Huda
Published: July 2023

This work is based on Winkler’s theory to analyze laterally loaded single piles using the finite element method. Soil nonlinearity is taken into account via nonlinear springs “p-y” curves.  Exact element displacement shape functions and stiffness matrix are used for the element in the case of linear Winkler’s modulus of subgrade reaction. In the nonlinear stage, an averaging technique for the element secant Winkler modulus is used to calculate the shape functions and stiffness matrix. An iterative technique is used to take into account the non-linearity of the soil. Few elements are required to simulate the pile efficiently. Unlike other analytical methods, the current method can be used to analyze piles with any load-transfer curves with arbitrary variation with depth.
Comparative Study to Assess the Thermal Behaviour of Sandwich Roof Panels with Coconut Fibre as an Alternative Core Material to Polyurethane
Authors: Bandaranayake Sathya , Kahandawa Arachchi Tharika , Gamage Kumari
Published: July 2023

Sandwich panels (modular panels) promote optimal solutions to some major issues prevailing in the construction industry such as increased energy consumption by building elements, excessive disposal of constructional waste and unproductive time spent during construction. Hence, the inclination towards sandwich elements has been increased vastly deviating from conventional building construction materials and methods. However, the potentiality of using locally available natural materials for the development of sandwich panels is a salient sustainable approach that needs to be addressed. This study evaluates the current and potential materials used in modular panels and key properties of sandwich panels including mechanical, thermal insulation, and sound insulation properties. Moreover, various test methods followed, and standards specified to investigate the mechanical, thermal and acoustic insulation properties are also discussed. The possibility of using coconut fibre as a locally available natural alternative core material to polyurethane core of sandwich panels has been evaluated using simulations based on the material properties obtained from literature. The study identifies coconut fibre as a potential alternative core material for sandwich roof panels as it reflects nearly similar thermal behaviour to polyurethane.
Dynamic response analysis of the process of the utility shield tunnel under-passing the operating subway tunnel
Authors: Sun Jing , Pei Xingkai , Yang Cheng , Zhu Binzhong
Published: July 2023

In order to analyze the interaction between the operating subway tunnel and the utility tunnel under construction during the utility tunnel under-passing the subway tunnel, an operating tunnel-stratum-utility shield tunnel coupled dynamic calculation model is established taking the utility tunnel under construction under-passing the Guangzhou-Foshan line subway project as an example. And the interaction between the existing tunnel and utility tunnel was studied. The results show that the amplitude change of the vertical displacement, acceleration and additional vertical stress are most influenced by the under-passing shield tunnel when the train operating on one line, and the max changes are 0.01 mm, 0.03m/s2 and 1.5kPa, respectively. The vertical displacement and acceleration response generated by the train operation during the excavation of the new tunnel can be neglected, but the vertical additional stress will have the max change of 2.1kPa. The closer the distance between the train load to the new and old tunnel structures are, the greater the displacement, acceleration and additional stresses of the new and old tunnel structures are when the trains are running in different lines. Structural safety calculations show that the old and new tunnel structures are safe during the utility shield tunnel under-passing. The study can provide useful reference for the construction and operation of similar tunnels.
Analisis Preferensi Konsumen Pada Gula Kelapa Di Kecamatan Way Jepara Kabupaten Lampung Timur (Studi Kasus Di Pasar Way Jepara)
Authors: Mandala Wintari , Ambar Sari Novia
Published: July 2023

Sugar is one of the national strategic food commodities. National demand for sugar will increase in line with the increase in population, people's income and the growth of the food and beverage processing industry. Palm sugar is sugar made from coconut sap through the process of filtering coconut sap water, heating it and then molding it.The purpose of this study is to determine consumer preferences for palm sugar products and the attributes most preferred by consumers. The method used is survey method. Purposive location etermination. Respondents were determined by simple random sampling. Data analysis using Conjoint Analysis. The results of research on consumer preferences are that they prefer the color of palm sugar to dark brown-black, the taste of sugar is very sweet, the size of palm sugar is large, the packaging of leaves and the price is not too high or expensive.
1 - Participatory Action Research as a Platform for Community Engagement in Higher Education
Authors: Godwell Nhamo
Published: July 2023

Institutions of higher education throughout the world have reached con- sensus in terms of their core business, defined through: (1) teaching and learning, (2) research and (3) community engagement. Of these three areas of focus, community engagement has posed serious challenges in terms of clear cut methodologies and measurability. While the ‘why’ question of com- munity engagement may be understood, the ‘how to do it’ questions need attention. This has also raised anxiety amongst staff, who are expected to perform and get rewards for community engagement. It is against this back- ground that this article argues for Participatory Action Research (PAR) as an enabling platform for community engagement in higher education.
The argument and assumption is that PAR provides a two-way engagement process that locks in both the researchers and communities they will be reaching, in seeking to solve community problems. PAR moves higher edu- cation from linear-oriented research to web-oriented systematic cycles of inquiry that involve planning, asking questions, taking action, observing, evaluating and critically reflecting, prior to planning the next cycles. Com- munity problems that could be addressed through PAR include those aris- ing from environmental damage (including climate change), HIV and AIDS, lack of service delivery, politics and many more.
3 - University Expansion and the Challenges to Social Development in Kenya: Dilemmas and Pitfalls
Authors: James Jowi  , Ibrahim Ogachi Oanda
Published: July 2023

The phenomenal expansion of public and private universities in Kenya in recent years has opened access to thousands of knowledge-thirsty stu- dents to achieve their ambitions. Public universities in particular have been forced to diversify their programmes, establish flexible learning schedules and set up campuses away from their traditional locations. But how do cur- rent trends in higher education expansion in Kenya place the institutions in good stead to stem social exclusion and contribute to social development? To what extent is the expansion of public universities in Kenya accompanied by equity considerations and new ways of articulating the issues of class, gender and ethnicity? From being ivory towers and national development projects that were solely seen in terms of workforce development, universi- ties throughout Africa have dispersed to the rural areas both as a strategy to expand access and position themselves as business entities. However, this expansion has not been driven by the public sector. Rather, it has been driven by the private sector, with branch campuses of public universities in rural areas sometimes serving as private income generation units, outside strict public sector oversight. This article traces these developments in Kenya, pointing out the new challenges in terms of equity, quality and the existence of universities as national social institutions that have to be at the centre of social development. The article is based on a critical desk review of pub- lished and grey literature on current trends and implications of public university expansion in Kenya.
8 - L’Université de Ouagadougou : territoire de la contestation et de la répression des étudiants
Authors: Issa Sory
Published: July 2023

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les processus de formation et de structuration des territoires qui se déclinent à travers les jeux d’acteurs, notamment entre l’Association nationale des étudiants burkinabé – section locale de l’Union générale des étudiants burkinabé – de Ouagadougou et les autorités universitaires, municipales et étatiques. Depuis le début des années 1990, face à la massification des effectifs étudiants et à l’application des Programmes d’ajustement structurel, l’instauration d’un service de Sécurité et la délocalisation des cités universitaires sont apparues comme autant de stratégies visant à limiter la portée des contestations estudiantines. En 1998, des « zones rouges » – zones autour d’institutions interdites aux manifesta- tions – sont délimitées dans la capitale par les autorités communales. La capacité du mouvement social en général, étudiant en particulier, à s’y rendre lors des périodes de tension sociopolitique est ainsi révélateur des rapports de forces entre les organisations syndicales et les autorités.
5 - How Women in Higher Education Negotiate Work and Home: A Study of Selected Women at a University in South Africa
Authors: Deevia Bhana  , Venitha Pillay
Published: July 2023

The Council for Higher Education notes the lack of women doing research in South African universities. Focusing on the experiences of South African women academics, this article highlights the ways in which inequitable gender relations fuel women’s marginalized position in higher education. The findings reported here include the gendered dimensions of negotiating home and work, pointing both to obstacles that limit women’s agency and to prospects for hope by elucidating new possibilities for the development of women’s agency. Being women in higher education and mothers is at the same time is regulated by restrictive understandings of gender. But women are not simply victims of this discourse. Hence, greater care must be taken in understanding women’s gendered roles that inhibit their greater participation in research. Transforming gender relations and working towards equity are, therefore, crucial to women’s success.
5 - Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and Green Economy Transition: Feasibility Assessment for African Higher Education
Authors: Godwell Nhamo
Published: July 2023

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are a new phenomenon globally and in Africa. MOOCS have attracted student registration in hundreds of thousands per course in certain instances, as well as gaining acceptance across different societies. MOOCs present opportunities for learning in general and specifically learning towards green economy transition in Africa. Many MOOCs are currently hosted by institutions of higher education in the USA, with the first MOOC breakthrough entitled “Artificial Intelligence” having ‘exploded’ at Stanford University in California (USA) in summer 2011. The “Artificial Intelligence” enrolled 160,000 students, 23,000 of which graduated after 10 weeks. The question then is: are MOOCs feasible in educating African masses in the field of green economy transition? Born in 2008 and popularised throughout the years following the global financial crisis, world leaders confirmed from Rio+20 that green economy transition is the way to go if humanity is to remain sustainable on planet earth. This paper presents MOOCs as an emerging area with opportunities to enhance learning for green economy transition in general and specifically for Africa. The twin phenomena under discussion require massive roll outs of: firstly, learning management systems like MOOCs, and, secondly, the dissemination of massive appropriate content, knowledge and skills related to green economy transition that current formal education systems will not manage given the demand and urgency. The answer to the question raised is therefore a qualified ‘yes’ mainly due to limited e-readiness in the continent.
3 - African Languages Policy in the Education of South Africa: 20 Years of Freedom or Subjugation?
Authors: Neo Lekgotla laga Ramoupi
Published: July 2023

This paper focuses on the indigenous African languages policy in educa- tion debates in post-apartheid South Africa, and provides a policy review of language in education in the past 20 years of liberation in the South Africa. The research problem is that the post-1994 governments of South Africa stated in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996) that indigenous official African languages must be in the curricula of the education system. But the findings reflect that this constitutional mandate has not been accomplished in the twenty years of South Africa’s liberation. Conclusions drawn are that the former two official languages used in the education policies of the apartheid South Africa, i.e. English and Afrikaans, have continued to be used in pretended implementation of indigenous of- ficial African languages in the curricula of education of a free South Africa.
4 - Exploring Strategies to Strengthen Continuing Professional Development of Teachers in Rural South Africa
Authors: Mahlomaholo Sechaba , Tsotetsi Cias T.
Published: July 2023

Professional development of teachers is a cornerstone of the provision of quality of teaching and learning in a country’s education system, affirmed by the literature, with programmes central to proposals for improving the quality of teaching and transforming education. Competencies of teach- ers in South Africa have not improved as envisaged, according to studies conducted, with many professional development programmes not yet implemented or not taking into account teachers’ perspectives. In address- ing this challenge, the aim of this article is to determine components of a strategy that could be employed to implement professional development programmes, drawing on a project conducted in two rural secondary schools in the Free State province. Data were generated from school community participants and district-based officials using a Participatory Action Re- search approach. Findings revealed six distinct components of a strategy, namely establishment of a team comprising all stakeholders; the creation of a common vision for all based on a thorough Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis; prioritizing items; drawing up of a strategic plan; monitoring procedures to determine progress made; and suggesting possible ways of improving on weaknesses.
0 - Prelim
Authors: System Journal
Published: July 2023

Prelim
1 - Access to, and Success in, Higher Education in Post-apartheid South Africa: Social Justice Analysis
Authors: Adeyemo Kolawole Samuel , Sehoole Chika
Published: July 2023

The post-apartheid government that came to power in 1994 inherited an inequitable and unjust higher education system whose expression included preferential access to higher education for whites and limited higher educa- tion opportunities for the black majority. As a result, one of the priorities of the new government was to redress the inequalities of apartheid by adopting policies that would widen access to higher education for all South Africans and, simultaneously, ensure their success. This article analyses the progress made in the implementation of equity policies by posing the following ques- tion: ‘What progress has been made in the pursuit of a policy of equity of access and of success since 1997?’ We have examined government-related documents and institutional practices to answer this question. We link ac- cess with success to explain the impact of the transformation agenda on the outcomes of higher education. Using social inclusion and justice theory, we contest neoliberal ideologies of access (Gidlye et al. 2010) as merely increasing participation rates and relying on the economic role of higher education, without paying attention to the factors that should facilitate success in higher education. Methodologically, the paper relies on the documentary analysis of secondary data, on social theory, and on primary data obtained from official government policies and reports.
2 - Revisiting the Postmodern Condition of a Higher Education Landscape: South Africa’s Higher Education Epochal Archive, 1999–2002
Authors: Mashige Mashudu Churchill , Chaka Chaka
Published: July 2023

This article problematizes and critiques the change scenario which unfolded in the South African higher education (HE) landscape over the period 1999–2002. It locates its discussion and analysis within an ideo-critical discourse-interpretive analytics framework. It also employs the following conceptual tools: chaos theory; liminality; negative knowledge; manageri- alism and corporatism; marketization and technologization of discourses; and postmodernity and globalization. Against this backdrop, the article first argues that the change scenario, which occurred in some of South Africa’s higher education institutions (HEIs) during this period, was predicated on the aforesaid conceptual devices. Second, it contends that most of South Africa’s HEIs during that historical juncture were being inveigled into a postmodern condition, even though they were still epicentres of academic modernity. In the light of all this, the article counter-argues that the post- modern intervention in the HE system as driven by the state only served to worsen the difficulties faced by many of the then historically disadvantaged institutions (HDIs) which were part of this system. Finally, the article ends by offering some of the prospects that were in the offing for South Africa’s HEIs at that time.
4 - A Review of Academic Freedom in Africa through the Prism of the UNESCO’s 1997 Recommendation
Authors: Karran Terence , Beiter Klaus , Appiagyei-Atua Kwadwo
Published: July 2023

An assessment of the level of compliance of the UNESCO Recommenda- tion in Europe, Australia, USA and other jurisdictions indicates that the document has been honoured more in its breach than in its observance. Having returned to an ethos of a democratic culture and a refinement of the role of the university in the globalization era, it is time for Africa also to be assessed on the level of compliance with the UNESCO Recommendation. This assessment is done based on four indicators identified in the UNESCO Recommendation: institutional autonomy, institutional governance, indi- vidual rights and freedoms, and tenure. The conclusion reached is that academic freedom has indeed found its way back into African universities after its complete roll-back during the post-independence era. However, the university reforms undertaken in the globalization era in many African universities have undermined greater respect for academic freedom and made hollow the gains made in the respect of freedom in this era.
2 - La réforme LMD au Sénégal : le point de vue des étudiants
Authors: Diop Babacar
Published: July 2023

Cet article est fondé sur une enquête longitudinale réalisée dans trois des six universités publiques au Sénégal. Il analyse le point de vue des étudiants sur la réforme LMD initiée depuis 2003-2004. C’est un travail qui montre les principaux facteurs qui influencent la perception que les étudiants ont de la mise en œuvre du LMD. En effet, les filières, le niveau d’études et l’université fréquentée jouent un rôle déterminant dans leurs parcours universitaires et sur leurs points de vue par rapport à la réforme LMD. Les différents résultats montrent que les expériences des études sont contextualisées avec la mise en œuvre du LMD dans les universités publiques au Sénégal.
5 - Broadening Perceptions and Parameters for Quality Assurance in University Operations in Uganda
Authors: Barymak Rita Makumbi , Kakembo Frederick
Published: July 2023

This article explores the stakeholders’ perceptions of quality in university operations in Uganda, specifically in terms of the core functions of teaching, research and community engagement. Conceptually, universities aim to transform, modernise and develop science and technology. A review of the literature suggests that many university communities are an elite group of professors and students who live in relative isolation. Within this ‘protective environment’ occurs a significant research milieu which is more basic than applied and, thereby, not relevant to local systems and somewhat foreign to community members. Further, the linkage between research results and institution policy makers is minimal or non-existent. In light of this background, it is argued that typical quality assurance (QA) initiatives in many universities focus on establishing operational efficiency of conventional structures of teaching and research. The study investigates comprehensiveness of parameters used by various stakeholders to determine quality in and of university education. Making reference to community engagement as one of the universities’ core functions, this study investigates whether community issues and social welfare are central in the conceiving, planning and implementing QA initiatives. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to generate data; specifically, questionnaires, interviews, content analysis of academic and non-academic programme and documents reviews were analysed. Preliminary findings reveal a stronger focus on conventional teaching and scholarly research than on community engagement initiatives. Conceptualisation of a quality university education by various stakeholders (students, lecturers, administration, parents and policy makers) is influenced by concerns of effectiveness and regularity of activities at the universities. Monitoring and evaluation activities emphasise: a) effectiveness of teaching and learning; b) relevancy of academic programmes to job-markets; c) quality of basic research; d) number of publications in accredited international journals; and e) concerns regarding ranking of the university relative to others in the country, region, continent and the globe. A lack of emphasis on community engagement initiatives could be explained by the fact that a number of practitioners could be products of the same existing structures and may not be in position to detect the discrepancies. Conversely, local communities, within which these institutions operate as expected immediate beneficiaries, often perceive universities as abstract institutions for the super-elite, and that the ‘ivory tower’ has little applicability to the day-to-day lives of grassroots communities. It is proposed that debates and dialogues should be organised to engage various stakeholders in re-definition of expectations, duties and responsibilities of higher education in relation to community engagement.