bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the effect of aromatherapy with Jasmine (Jasminum) and clary sage (Salvia officinalis) on sexual dysfunction in women of reproductive age: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Hajabdollahi Zahra , Loripoor Marzeyeh , Mohseni Maryam , Khalili Parvin
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Sexual dysfunction affects various aspects of life. Aromatherapy is easier and less risky than other methods of taking herbal medicines. Against this backdrop, this study aims to compare the effect of aromatherapy with Jasminum and Salvia officinalis on sexual dysfunction in women of reproductive age.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This triple-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 168 women aged 15 to 45 who were referred to Rafsanjan Comprehensive Health Services Center no. 1 from February 2022 to June 2022, using a systematic sampling method. Individuals with an FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index) score of less than 28 were randomly assigned to 4 aromatherapy groups of Jasminum and Salvia officinalis as well as sweet almond (placebo) and control. The aromatherapy groups used the relevant aroma twice a day for 6 weeks, yet the control group received no intervention. After the completion of the intervention, the FSFI questionnaire was filled in once again by all participants. Besides, data analysis was conducted using the SPSS software, Chi-squared test, Fisher’s test, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon test, and a paired samples t-test. In addition, a P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:

The median (IQR) score of sexual function before the intervention in Jasminum, Salvia officinalis, sweet almond, and control groups was 25.50 (21.27-82.25), 25.80 (20.27-57.50), 25.00 (23.27-10.10), and 25.90 (23.26-92.42), respectively. After the intervention, the score was 28.30 (25.30-60.45), 28.45 (25.31-90.12), 29.00 (27.30-10.80), and 25.35 (23.26-27.32) in the abovementioned groups, respectively. The comparison of the median score of sexual function in the four groups after the intervention showed a statistically significant difference between Jasminum, Salvia officinalis, and sweet almond groups with the control group (P < 0.001). Additionally, the effect of Salvia officinalis was higher than that of Jasminum in the domains of mental arousal, lubrication, and sexual pain (P < 0.0125).

CONCLUSIONS:

Both aromas, i.e., Jasminum and Salvia officinalis, were effective in improving sexual dysfunction in women of reproductive age. The effect of Salvia officinalis was better than that of Jasminum in the domains of mental arousal, lubrication, and sexual pain. More studies are recommended to be conducted in this field.
Uncovering essential skills for effective rheumatoid arthritis management: A qualitative grounded theory study
Authors: Bounabe Abdelaaziz , Elammare Siham , Janani Saadia
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Effective management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) relies on patients acquiring a specific set of skills. Patient education is a promising approach to achieve this. Despite extensive research in this area, a complete understanding of the necessary skills for persons living with RA remains elusive. This study aims to identify the essential skills required for individuals with RA, develop a hierarchical framework, and provide insights for targeted therapeutic education programs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A qualitative approach using constructivist grounded theory was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with (23) medical professionals specializing in RA and (16) RA patients. The data were analyzed using Atlas.ti software.

RESULTS:

Six major themes emerged: self-care and coping, emotional and psychological resilience, knowledge and literacy in RA, personal development, communication and relationship building, and self-learning and problem-solving. These themes suggest a hierarchical structure, with knowledge serving as the foundation and progressing to more complex skills such as problem-solving and communication.

CONCLUSION:

This study provides an overview of the multifaceted nature of the skills required for optimal RA management. The proposed hierarchical structure offers a robust framework for developing targeted therapeutic education programs. The findings highlight the significance of a patient-centered approach in the effective management of RA.
Iranian multiple sclerosis patients’ perceptions about the sources of support to reach adjustment: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Goliroshan Soghra , Babamohamadi Hassan , Mohammadi Eesa , Baghbanian Seyed Mohammad , Asgari Mohammad R.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Most people with multiple sclerosis (MS) always crave for numerous sources of support to adjust to this health condition; however, there is limited information available about their perceptions and experiences of such sources. This study aimed to explore MS patients’ perceptions regarding the sources of support to reach adjustment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This qualitative study was conducted in 2020–2022 through the conventional content analysis approach. Thirteen patients with MS, one patient companion, one nurse, and one physician were purposively and theoretically selected from the MS clinic of BouAli Hospital, Sari, Iran. Data were collected through face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured interviews and were analyzed through the Graneheim and Lundman approach.

RESULTS:

Following data analysis, six sources of support emerged, including “family companionship,” “the relative companionship of the spouse,” “partial satisfaction with medical staff,” “inattention and partial satisfaction with the National MS Society,” “peers with empathic understanding,” and “friends companionship,” indicating the patients’ perceptions of these sources to reach adjustment.

CONCLUSION:

The MS patients had access to different sources of support to achieve adjustment. Married patients, particularly women, had a special feeling and experience of support. Most sufferers liked to talk with positive and high-spirited peers, and these sources of support had not met patients’ expectations and needs. Therefore, suggestions were given to the healthcare managers to plan for removing limitations and take effective measures to help the sufferers reach adjustment, and consequently promote their quality of life.
Mitigation strategies of healthcare centers for dust hazard: A systematic review
Authors: Sarani Arezoo , Tavan Asghar , Aminizadeh Mohsen , Moradi Seyed Mobin , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz , Farahmandnia Hojjat
Published: February 2025

Exposure to dust can disrupt healthcare services and severely affect all activity domains of the health system. This study aimed to present an overview of mitigation strategies taken in healthcare centers during dust storms. A systematic review was conducted in November 2022 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The keywords “Desert Dust,” “Sand Storm,” “Yellow Dust,” “Yellow Sand,” “Dust Storm,” “Haboob,” “Saharan Dust,” “Risk,” “Risk Management,” “Risk Assessment,” “Risk Reduction,” “Risk Governance,” “Risk Evaluation,” “Mitigate,” “Mitigated,” “Mitigates,” “Mitigating,” “Mitigation*,” “Mitigative,” “Mitigator*,” and “Mitigation strategy” were used in combination with Boolean operators OR and AND. ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Scientific Information Database, Islamic World Science Citation Center, Magiran, Cochrane, and Google Scholar search engine were searched. The study was performed based on the PRISMA guidelines. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. A total of 601 documents were extracted and 10 articles including one case–control study, one cross sectional study, and eight retrospective studies that investigated the mitigation strategies taken in healthcare centers when exposed to dust storms were selected for the final analysis. A review of the selected articles showed that the most important mitigation measures by healthcare centers include risk assessment, establishment and improvement of the early warning system, and inter sectoral coordination between private and public sectors. The findings showed that adopting effective strategies and measures to reduce vulnerability to dust storms can help health policymakers and planners contribute to promoting the resilience of healthcare centers so that they can continue providing their services and reduce the economic, social, health, and functional consequences in the affected community.
A comparative study of infection prevention and control curricula in nursing master’s degree programs worldwide, with practical suggestions for Iran
Authors: Gorjian Zahra , Asadizaker Marziyeh , Zarea Kourosh , Irajpour Alireza , Ahmadi Fatemeh , Rokhafroz Dariush
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, particularly lessons learned from the last coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, have highlighted the importance of infection prevention and control (IPC) plans to battle against these life-threatening diseases. As frontline care providers, nurses must receive specialized training and possess the necessary skills to provide high-quality care to patients in infectious units. For this reason, master’s (MSc) degree programs in nursing should incorporate an IPC curriculum to train nurses in this area. This study aimed to compare the IPC curriculums offered by MSc degree programs across the globe and provide recommendations for developing an IPC curriculum in Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A descriptive, cross-sectional, and comparative study was conducted to collect data on IPC-related curricula, in 2023. The data were obtained through a comprehensive literature search on scientific databases and websites of universities worldwide. All curricula that offered for IPC nursing MSc were included. Data were analyzed according to the Bereday model in four steps, including description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made checklist, which was used to extract data from the included curricula. This checklist consisted of items, which included course title; definition; objectives; implementation strategies; students’ evaluation, conditions and admission process, curriculum structure, course length, and type/number of units; expected capabilities, roles, and professional’s responsibility of graduates; and basic/optional units.

RESULTS:

According to the Bereday model, in the descriptive step, 19 curricula were identified. After interpreting, juxtaposition, and the comparison of their data, three curricula were related to IPC nursing. In other curriculums, the nurses could participate in nursing care with other experts but the content of the programs was not specialized. Expected capabilities of the graduates dealing with five categories of educational abilities, leadership and management, research and data interpretation, knowledge, and executive of basic sciences. The content of the units was three sections, including basic and professional courses and theses. Educational strategies were different in person or virtual and courses were theoretical and practical.

CONCLUSIONS:

Educational curricula for training IPC nurse specialists are rare in the world. Therefore, given the emergence of infectious diseases and their global burden, designing the IPC curriculum is vital. The curriculum designers of the IPC field in Iran should pay attention to Iran’s social, economic, cultural, national, regional, geographical, and international situation.
Multifaceted support for caregivers of stroke patients to meet the dynamic needs of patients: A qualitative study
Authors: Noorian Kobra , Masoudi Reza , Rafiee-Vardanjani Leila , Etemadifar Shahram , Rabiei Leili , Doosti-Irani Mehri
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Caregivers of stroke patients always have various concerns in the process of patient care, which requires the full attention and support of healthcare professionals. Understanding their needs is essential for careful care planning. The present study aimed to discover and explain the needs of caregivers for stroke patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This qualitative content analysis was conducted with 24 purposefully selected participants who provide home care for stroke patients in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, during 2019–2020. Data gathering was done through semi-structured interviews. Conventional content analysis was done, and trustworthiness was investigated through peer checking, member checking, and prolonged engagement based on Lincoln and Guba’s criteria.

RESULTS:

The main emerged themes showed caregivers’ needs including physical empowerment (to overcome overwhelming care and physical exhaustion, and caregivers’ deficit attention to self-care), emotional-social empowerment (to relieve caregivers’ mental exhaustion, disrupted family relationships, and disrupted social relations), coping with stigma (to cope with stigma of guilt and fear of others’ reactions and stigma of delegated care), and dynamics educational needs (big concern of hospital discharge and home care, constant effort to learn, and seeking help).

CONCLUSION:

The basic, complex, and multidimensional needs of caregivers are unmet. Forgotten caregivers are afraid of hospital discharge and home care. Formal organizations for training and support, providing temporary cares, and planning for destigmatizing the delegated care of relatives are required.
Investigating the pattern of transdiagnostic related to emotion regulation of adolescents with high-risk behavior and effectiveness of integrated transdiagnostic protocol on reduction of their anxiety, depression, and emotional dysregulation
Authors: Nikdanesh Meysam , Ashuri Ahmad , Gharraee Banafsheh , Farahani Hojatollah
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the examining the transdiagnostic model related to emotion regulation of adolescents with high-risk behaviors and the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment on reducing anxiety, depression, and emotion dysregulation in students with high-risk behaviors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The statistical population included all teenage students between the ages of 12–17 years studying in the academic year 2021–2022 in Tehran. For this purpose, 60 students who met the inclusion criteria were selected using a multistage cluster method and then randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Barlow’s transdiagnostic treatment package (special for adolescents) was performed on the experimental group by a clinical specialist during 12 one-hour weekly sessions. The participants answered Beck’s depression, Beck’s anxiety, and emotion regulation questionnaires in three stages: pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis.

RESULTS:

The results showed that the transdiagnostic protocol can be effective in reducing emotional problems such as reducing anxiety, depression, and emotional dysregulation in the experimental group compared to the control group.

CONCLUSION:

According to the results obtained from the present study, similar transdiagnostic protocols can be used as effective methods to improve the emotional regulation of adolescents with high-risk behaviors.
Validity and reliability of the health belief model questionnaire for dietary patterns and physical activity in prediabetes
Authors: Nuryani  , Khomsan Ali , Dewi Mira , Dwiriani Cesilia Meti , Lukito Widjaja
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

The health belief model (HBM) questionnaire for dietary patterns and physical activity is important for assessing behavior in prediabetes subjects. Assessing health behavior important to design intervention that can control development of prediabetes. The study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the HBM questionnaire for dietary patterns and physical activity in prediabetes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A descriptive method was used comprising validity and reliability tests; specifically, the content validity was assessed by 10 panelists of nutrition in public health and education experts. Meanwhile, face validity and reliability tests were performed by 10 and 30 respondents, respectively. Content validity was conducted quantitatively with the content validity index (CVI), kappa statistics score, along with qualitative assessment. The reliability test was carried out based on Cronbach’s alpha.

RESULTS:

The results showed that CVI analysis and kappa statistics obtained values between 0.77–1 and -5.24–0.99, respectively. The face validity analysis produced a value >1,5, while the reliability test obtained Cronbach’s alpha value of 0,821. The final questionnaire was based on the recommendations of the panelists as well as the results of validity and reliability tests including 47 HBM item statements.

CONCLUSIONS:

The HBM questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable for assessing behavior about dietary patterns and physical activity in prediabetic. This instrument could be used by healthcare providers in studies and clinical practice to measure behavior dietary patterns and physical activity as well as to develop interventions for prediabetes.
Unveiling the nexus: A bibliometric analysis of nano plastic’s health impact
Authors: Singh Alok , Ramanathan Vanisree , Kumar Ujjwal , Tripathi Shailesh , Saleem Sheikh Mohd , Shikha Deep , Kushwaha Poonam , Bhattacharya Sudip
Published: February 2025

Plastics are integral to daily life due to their flexibility, durability, low viscosity, and poor conductivity. However, UV exposure, weathering, and biodegradation fragment plastics into microplastics and nano plastics, forming a heterogeneous mix categorized as large microplastics (5 mm to 1 mm), small microplastics (1 mm to 1 μm), and nano plastics (<1 μm). Concerns over the health impacts of micro and nano plastic (MNP) pollution have spurred extensive research, revealing increased disease susceptibility. Recent studies, analyzed using tools like Biblioshiny and Vos viewer software, have focused on authorship, journal sources, geographic origins, and emerging trends in MNP research. Data from the SCOPUS database (January 1, 2015 to January 3, 2024) analyzed via Biblioshiny and Microsoft Excel revealed 478 articles, with a steady annual increase in publications and references, highlighting growing interest in nanoplastics’ health impacts. China leads in publications and collaborations, with eight of the top ten contributing institutions located there, alongside Spain and Serbia. Chinese authors also dominate the top ten published papers in leading journals, five of which are prominent in Environmental Science. This study presents the first visual metametrological analysis of the connection between nanoplastics and human health using bibliometric techniques. By examining global research on nanoplastics’ health implications, we can better understand the current research landscape and set priorities for future studies.
Assessing the landscape: A comprehensive exploration of health care professionals’ readiness and perceptions toward implementing self-directed learning in Indian healthcare institutions
Authors: Singh Suman P. , Dulloo Puja , Vedi Neeraj , Singh Praveen R.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Healthcare professionals must be lifelong learners to deal with the challenge of technological advancements and scientific information load. Global accrediting organizations promote self-directed learning (SDL) for development of lifelong learning skills in medical graduates and are adopted in India with introduction of Competency-Based Medical Education. The aim of this study is to develop Faculty Self-Directed Learning Readiness and Perception Scale (FSDLRPS) suited for Indian context.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is an observational and analytical study designed to develop and implement a validated scale suited to study the faculty readiness and perception toward SDL in Indian healthcare institutions using the Delphi technique. A 23-item FSDLRPS for healthcare educators was developed using a 12-member expert panel. The scale was implemented on healthcare educators after pilot testing. Demographic data, perceptions, and readiness were studied. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and Friedman ranking test were performed, and Cronbach’s alpha was calculated using Microsoft Excel 365 and SPSS Ver. 15. Open-ended questions were analyzed by thematic analysis.

RESULTS:

The Content Validity Index and Cronbach’s alpha scores for the final Delphi round for readiness were 1.0 and 0.779, while those for the final Delphi round for the perception items were 0.935 and 0.900, respectively. It was implemented on 163 participants from 12 Indian states and revealed significant associations between faculty perceptions of SDL and a few variables. Readiness to implement was less in some areas like facilitation skills.

CONCLUSIONS:

Faculty perceived SDL as feasible and a good opportunity to help students acquire multiple skills but are not ready due to lack of knowledge and facilitation skills. They seek continuous support to increase their level of readiness.
Investigating nurses’ knowledge regarding preventing complications of central venous catheters (CVCs) in the intensive care unit: A descriptive study
Authors: Jasim Hadeel Basim , Hassan Ahmed Flaih
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are known to be associated with risks of complications such as infections and hemorrhages. Good nurses’ knowledge and management are essential in limiting these risks. Therefore, the investigators felt a real need to assess the staff nurses’ knowledge regarding preventing CVC complications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A descriptive design study, A nonprobability purposive sample of 60 nurses from different educational levels in Baghdad Teaching Hospitals, data were collected using tools as follows self-administered nurses’ questionnaire composed of two-part, Part I: consisted of the nurse’s demographic data, Part II: consisted of the nurse’s knowledge test regarding central venous catheter complication Comprising (30 MCQ)), this questionnaire assessed knowledge by giving two scores for each corrected answer, and one score for incorrect answered. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0 was used for data analysis.

RESULTS:

The results showed the majority of the study sample was female (76.7%), with (78.3%) aged between 21 and 30 years. that the majority of participants were well-informed about the prevention of CVC complications, with 93.3% obtaining information from the Internet and social networking sites, the average score of knowledge (53.7%) of nurses exhibited good knowledge about preventing CVC complications, with (40.0%) having poor knowledge.

CONCLUSIONS:

There is a need to conduct training courses for nurses who work in intensive care units about the prevention of CVC complications based on standards as the results in this study indicated that there is a significant association between, nurses’ knowledge and participation in training course, about prevention of CVC complications.
Comparison of online content-based training with hands-on mannequin-based skill training on basic life support knowledge and skills among medical students
Authors: Gupta Nishkarsh , Bansal Bhavik , Gupta Anju , Jindal Dhruv , Singhal Madhur , Grewal Amritesh , Matravadia Maanit , Gupta Hardik , Singh Gyanendra Pal , Choudhury Arindam , Ramachandran Rashmi , Roy Ambuj
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Sudden cardiac arrest remains a leading global cause of death. High-quality chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are crucial for patient outcomes. Basic life support (BLS) training must be adequately incorporated into undergraduate training. During the pandemic-regulated restrictions, our institute started the online CPR training course for medical undergraduates so that some training could be imparted to them if they needed to staff the clinical areas. This study compared online with traditional mannequin-based CPR training regarding skill acquisition and knowledge retention.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This randomized cross-sectional study involved 108 medical undergraduates divided into two groups to receive online-based training (Group 1) and mannequin-based training (Group 2). Compression depth and rate were objectively measured using an AmbuMan CPR training mannequin. Knowledge assessment was conducted using relevant clinical vignettes, and participant performance was assessed using a skill-based checklist.

RESULTS:

Both groups had comparable baseline knowledge. Group 2 exhibited significantly higher post intervention knowledge assessment and skill-based checklist scores. Mean compression depth [36.28 (13.84) vs 51.6 (8.7), P < 0.001] and median rate [110 (87.5 to 129.50) vs 123.0 (111.0 to 133.0), P = 0.012] were better in mannequin trained participants. Group 2 participants demonstrated superior skills across all checklist items, with notable differences in pre compression and compression steps. Scene safety checks (62%), compression rate (44%), and compression depth (48%) showed the most significant improvements, whereas steps involving Automated External Defibrillator (AED) usage had minimal enhancements.

CONCLUSION:

The findings of this study are significant, demonstrating that hands-on mannequin-based training is significantly more effective than online training in teaching BLS skills to novice medical students, particularly in achieving correct chest compression depth and rate. The study’s findings indicate that hands-on training is indispensable for effective skill acquisition despite the widespread adoption of online teaching.
Issues related to grooming among postmastectomy patients: An Indian perspective
Authors: Kaur Maninderdeep , Yadav Budhi S. , Dahiya Divya , Kaur Sukhpal , Batta Amandeep , Rani Asha , Deepika  , Singh Kirpal , Mohit  , Kumari Poonam
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

The surgical management of breast cancer results in the alteration of breast volume and clothing style, including designs of dresses, brassiere wearing, and use of breast prosthesis among the patients. It is important to understand the changing needs of breast cancer survivors related to their grooming practices. The current study provides data regarding the practices related to grooming associated with the changes in breast volume of breast cancer survivors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study was conducted at a tertiary care center in northern India. A total of 191 breast cancer survivors attending the outpatient department for follow-up were enrolled consecutively. Apart from collecting data regarding the sociodemographic profile and clinical profile, a questionnaire was used to assess the grooming practices of the participants. They were ensured of the confidentiality of their information.

RESULTS:

The unaffected breast had a significantly higher mean volume than the affected breast. After surgery, 60% were wearing brassieres. Pain at the surgical site was the most frequent justification for not wearing the brassiere. Only 10% of the participants were using breast prostheses. Some of these women were customizing prostheses using silicon, cotton, or towels. Around 40% of the participants said that they felt uncomfortable when using any of the prostheses. Most of them favored wearing cotton fabric after surgery.

CONCLUSION:

Awareness regarding postmastectomy clothing may enhance the self-image of the survivors. It is recommended to have breast cancer clinics to provide counseling services for the survivors of breast cancer.
Development, implementation, and evaluation of an app-based functional social relationships promotion program for cancer patients: A protocol study
Authors: Zarei Bahare , Beigi-Harchegani Hossein , Bahrami Masoud
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Cancer is a substantial public health issue in Iran and around the world. According to data consolidated from several studies, many cancer patients face social problems, such as issues with interpersonal relationships. This study aims to develop, implement, and evaluate a functional social relationships promotion program for cancer patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is a development-applied study with four phases. Based on the planning model of Ewles and Simnett, by reviewing the extensive literature and databases, the need for the functional aspect of cancer patients’ social relationships was identified in the first phase. An expert panel will prioritize the needs, and the preliminary version of the program will be finalized, and the relevant content to be presented through the app will be extracted. The required app features and architecture will be determined in the second phase, and the app will be developed. Next, the developed app will be made available to the designated contacts, and its quality and usability will be assessed. In the fourth phase, a semi-experimental study intervention and its impact on the functional aspect of social relationships will be evaluated.

CONCLUSION:

The study will lead to an app-based program that may potentially enhance the functional social relationships of cancer patients. Due to the established impact of social relationships on health and quality of life, it is imperative for health policymakers to address the social relationship needs of cancer patients. This study’s findings may offer valuable insights to policymakers in this regard.
Charting critical paths: Exploring how concept mapping amplifies nursing students’ critical thinking and elevates patient care – A scoping review
Authors: Thapa Maheswari , Devi Seeta , Mishra Rakhi
Published: February 2025

Concept mapping (CM) is a pedagogical approach that allows nursing students to improve their critical thinking (CT) abilities, which is paramount for providing quality patient care that underpins their ability to make sound clinical decisions and judgments by visually understanding the relationships and interconnections between various concepts. The purpose of the present review was to assess the outcome of CM on the CT skills. We searched Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, and other sources to evaluate the effect of CM on CT among nursing students. The review included articles published between 2012 and 2023. Two authors individually extracted the data, identified the bias risk, and analyzed the data using the PRISMA-ScR framework. Database searches found 985 articles, 11 of which matched the inclusion criteria. 63.64% employed quasi-experimental approaches. 45.45% employed concept mapping instead of integration, whereas 9.09% used sophisticated technology. Second-year BSc Nursing students accounted for 54.55%. In 45.45% of the studies, sample sizes varied between 51 and 100. The studies’ overall post-test CT scores were higher in groups which received CM as compared to other conventional pedagogical approaches. Most studies demonstrated minimal bias risk and P values greater than 0.05. The findings of the present study considered CM as an effective teaching method to enhance CT skills and also suggest the implementation of CM. It is recommended that nursing educators, administrators, and faculty evaluate curriculum to integrate CM into courses focused at promoting CT abilities in nursing students to improve the quality of patient care.
Thoracic squeezing on airway secretion and respiratory parameters in mechanically ventilated patients: An interventional study
Authors: Thenmozhi P , Dineshkumar P , Bhuvaneswari G , Minolin T Mary , Tamilselvi S
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

The most common method for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia is maintaining airway clearance for efficient gas exchange, achieved by removing secretion through endotracheal or tracheal suctioning. Clearing the airway can be effectively achieved through various techniques, including thoracic squeezing. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of thoracic squeezing on airway clearance, and respiratory parameters among mechanically ventilated patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A true experimental study was conducted with 60 mechanically ventilated patients who met the inclusion criteria in the ICUs and were randomly assigned to the study group (n = 30) and the control group (n = 30). Pre-intervention assessments of airway secretion, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and heart rate were measured before suctioning for both groups. Thoracic squeezing was administered to the study group 5 minutes before suctioning, while the control group received the hospital’s routine care practices. Post-intervention assessments 1 and 2 were measured immediately and 15 minutes after suctioning, and the same process continued for three days in both groups.

RESULTS:

The mean scores of airway secretion, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and heart rate from the pre- and post-intervention assessments 1 and 2 were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. The results revealed a high level of statistical significance (P < 0.001) for airway secretion and oxygen saturation and statistical significance (P < 0.05) for respiratory rate. However, no significant changes were observed in heart rate. An unpaired t-test revealed that participants in the study group were significantly (P < 0.001) more effective in airway secretion and oxygen saturation than in the control group participants.

CONCLUSION:

The current study’s findings concluded that thoracic squeezing before endotracheal and tracheal suctioning enhances secretion removal, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate without significant changes in heart rate among mechanically ventilated patients. Its notable influence could provide policymakers with valuable insights to make well-informed decisions, focused on improving healthcare systems and outcomes, especially within intensive care units.
Quality of work-life and priority improvement areas among nurses working in selected hospitals at Jodhpur – An exploratory survey
Authors: Gangadevi P. , Nayak Shalini Ganesh , Sheilini Melita , Kumar Ashok
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

The assessment of nursing care quality is integral in assessing healthcare quality. The constantly evolving healthcare landscape directly impacts the working conditions, workload, and overall quality of work life (QWL) for nurses.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

A quantitative exploratory survey was conducted in two phases among nurses working at government and private hospitals with the aim of identifying QWL and priority improvement areas. In phase I, the QWL was assessed by Brook’s quality of nursing work life (QNWL) survey tool among 81 and 73 nurses working at government and private hospitals, respectively. Phase II had focus group discussion (FGD) among nurses with moderate and high QWL to obtain priority improvement areas from both sectors.

RESULTS:

The results revealed that the mean and standard deviation (±SD) of QWL scores in government 172 (±26.81) and private 178 (±30.76) hospital nurses with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.181). Priority improvement areas identified were improving the societal image on nursing, addressing communication gap, positive punishment policy, training programs, and other supportive healthcare assistants among government hospitals nurses and the need for salary increase, necessity to improve the image of nurses in society, requirement for training programs, and higher studies among private hospital nurses.

CONCLUSION:

The majority of nurses in both government and private hospitals reported moderate to high levels of Quality of Life (QOL), yet expressed a desire for an enhanced public perception of nursing. By fostering improved communication, involving nurses in decision-making processes, and providing clear role definitions, we can elevate job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and performance, ultimately leading to decent work, economic growth, and reduced turnover rates.
Self-esteem, body image, and associated factors among female and male university students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Achak Doha , Azizi Asmaa , Boutib Amal , Chergaoui Samia , Youlyouz-Marfak Ibtissam , Elmadani Saad , Nejjari Chakib , Hilali Abderraouf , Marfak Abdelghafour
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

An empirical approach to self-esteem and its associated factors is crucial during youth, when ranking and physical appearance significantly impact self-esteem. Enhancing self-esteem helps students appreciate individual characteristics and maintain a positive body image despite unhealthy exposures. This study aimed to fill the gap on self-esteem in Moroccan university students, considering sex-specific differences and associated factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 654 students from various Moroccan universities. An online questionnaire was used including questions about sociodemographic factors, such as age and sex, body image figure scale to measure body image perception and satisfaction, and the Rosenberg scale of self-esteem.

RESULTS:

Females were observed to be more satisfied with their body shape and weight compared to males. Males were significantly more dissatisfied with their weight due to their desire to be heavier, while females generally wanted to lose weight. Additionally, we found a significant correlation between marital status, socioeconomic status, and place of residency during studies in relation to self-esteem. Single students with low socioeconomic status and those living in university housing had lower self-esteem than their counterparts. Overall, male students desired to gain weight, whereas female students wanted to lose weight.

CONCLUSION:

Females were more satisfied with their bodies than males, who wanted to be heavier, while females wanted to lose weight. Lower self-esteem was linked to being single, having low socioeconomic status, and living in university housing. Innovative strategies are required to ensure better appreciation of the actual body size and promote healthy self-esteem.
Unspecified Drug Overdose Deaths and State Policy Changes: A Case Study of Local Coroners
Authors: Canada Meredith L. , Farnworth Morgan D. , Keyes Kelly A. , Cunningham Ryan , Ray Bradley , Buchanich Jeanine M.
Published: February 2025

Background:

A lack of standardization in death investigation procedures is associated with a significant undercounting of opioid-related overdoses in the United States. Because overdose fatality statistics are often used to allocate federal and state funding, inaccuracies can worsen the gap between actual and needed death investigation resources.

Aims and Objectives:

This case study examines Indiana’s legislative efforts to improve toxicology surveillance and its impact on county coroners.

Materials and Methods:

First, the proportion of unspecified overdose deaths were examined by comparing Indiana and the United States using CDC WONDER data from 2016-2020. Second, we surveyed Indiana coroners’ offices on their perceptions of the law’s requirements, available resources, and barriers to compliance.

Results:

We first describe fatal overdose trends in Indiana from 2016 to 2020, noting its overall improvement in identifying opioid-related deaths. Next, we present results from a survey of 30 coroners’ offices, focusing on their perceptions of the requirements, available resources, and barriers to compliance. Finally, we consider successes and areas of improvement.

Conclusion:

This case study highlights the importance of state efforts to improve toxicology surveillance, especially in decentralized county coroner systems.
Knowledge and Awareness of Machine Learning and AI among Dental Undergraduate Students: A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Kukreja Pankaj
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

This study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) among dental undergraduate students.

Methods:

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 400 dental students. The questionnaire assessed demographics, knowledge, and attitudes toward AI and ML in dentistry. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis.

Results:

The study revealed that 67% of students had heard of AI, while only 35% were familiar with ML. Clinical students had significantly higher knowledge compared to preclinical students (P < 0.01). Although 75% recognized AI’s potential in dentistry, only 40% felt confident using AI without further training. 55% expressed concerns about AI replacing human dentists.

Conclusions:

The study highlights a gap in AI and ML knowledge among dental students, emphasizing the need for AI-focused education in dental curricula to better prepare students for future practice.
In Vitro Evaluation of Apical Debris Extrusion in Primary Teeth Using Rotary and Hand Files
Authors: Chaudhary Shaila , Patel Nikhil , Patel Harshangi , Mamindla Apoorva , Kumar Medum Shabharish S. , Prasad K. Vishnu , Shandilya Shivani
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:

This research used two distinct pediatric rotary files and traditional manual files for evaluation and contrast of the amount of apically extruded debris during root canal cleaning in deciduous teeth.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty maxillary deciduous central incisors that showed no symptoms of resorption were removed and enrolled in the study. Three distinct file systems were used in the preparation of the canals: Group 1: Manual K-files (Uniflex NiTi K-Files), Group 2: Kedo SG Blue files (Kedo Dental, Chennai, India), and Group 3: Pro AF baby gold files (Kids-e-Dental, India). Apical extrusion was gathered and desiccated in Eppendorf tubes that had been previously weighed. The weight measured preoperative was deducted from the postoperative weight to get the dry weight. To examine the data’s statistics, we applied a one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test.

Results:

Rotary file systems produced considerably a lesser debris extrusion than the hand files (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Debris was apically ejected from primary teeth by all the groups. The extrusion of debris apically was reduced while using Pro AF baby gold files.
Longitudinal Analysis of the Influence of Personality on Noise Annoyance and Bidirectional Effects between Noise and Health Outcomes
Authors: Cassens Lion , van Cranenburgh Sander , Calvert Simeon , Kroesen Maarten
Published: February 2025

Background: Long-term noise annoyance can be expected to have worse outcomes than short-term annoyance. This study investigates noise annoyance over time, its association with personality traits and potential reciprocal effects between health outcomes and noise annoyance. Methods: Firstly, we conducted a Longitudinal Latent Class Analysis to identify noise annoyance profiles. We further analysed the effect of Big Five personality traits on the likelihood of belonging to these annoyance profiles. Secondly, we used Cross-lagged Panel Models to analyse whether changes in noise annoyance precede changes in health outcomes or vice versa. For both analyses, we used 8 years of data from the Dutch Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (LISS) panel. Between 2708 and 11,068 subjects were included (this varies between models). Results: We found three profiles of noise annoyance, namely, chronically, occasionally and never annoyed. Among all participants, 12% were chronically annoyed by neighbour noise and 6% by street noise. Extraversion and emotional stability decreased the chance of belonging to the cluster of chronically annoyed, while openness had the opposite effect. Chronic noise annoyance showed a significant effect on self-reported heart complaints and sleeping problems, while the effects of noise annoyance profiles on high blood pressure and heart attacks were insignificant. Some potential indications for a reverse effect from health outcomes on noise annoyance were found. Conclusion: Noise annoyance was relatively stable over time possibly because of its correlation with personality traits. Noise had a small negative effect on health outcomes, and some health outcomes affected noise annoyance. Further research should be conducted to collect dedicated panel data.
A Study on Masking Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials Elicited by Vertical-Axis Vibrations through Speech Noises or Random Interstimulus-Interval Tone-Bursts
Authors: Lee Guo-She , Dai Wei-Ting , Lee Shao-Hsuan
Published: February 2025

Objective: Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) can be elicited using bone-conducted vibration (BCV) and air-conducted sound, with BCV VEMP typically associated with bilateral vestibular pathways. We employed a new acoustic masking method to obscure BCV VEMP, aiming to explore the feasibility of unilateral BCV VEMP testing. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy adults (20–37 years old; 10 males and 10 females) participated in the study. Vertical-axis vibrations (VAVs) of 500-Hz short-tone bursts (STB500) and 750-Hz short-tone bursts (STB750) were used to induce cervical VEMP. These stimuli were delivered through a Mini-Shaker placed at the vertex under three conditions: without acoustic masking (no masking [NOM]), with 100 decibels sound pressure level (dB SPL) speech noise masking (SNM), and with random interstimulus-interval tone bursts (rISITB), applied binaurally during VEMP testing. Results: The response rates for STB500 were less affected by SNM or rISITB (92.5% for NOM, 85.0% for SNM, and 75.0% for rISITB), whereas the response rates for STB750 were significantly reduced from 90.0% (NOM) to 17.5% (SNM) and 45.0% (rISITB) (p < 0.05, Fisher’s exact test). The response amplitude and p13 latency of STB750 also differed significantly from those of STB500 (p < 0.05, two-way repeated measures analysis of variance). The VAVs of STB750 elicited a >90% response rate for cervical VEMP but showed an 80% decrease in response rate under SNM. Conclusion: SNM proved more effective than rISITB in masking the VEMP response evoked by BCVs. This approach offers the potential for conducting VEMP tests on individual ears or targeting specific vestibular organs using BCV VEMP.
Ophthalmological changes in celiac disease: A review of the literature
Authors: dos Santos Ana Beatriz Piromali , Lima Júlia Mendes , Silva Andressa Paulon , Gouvêa Gabriella Fouraux , de Andrade Thais Piedade , de Andrade Eric Pinheiro
Published: February 2025

Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals, which affects approximately 1% of the world population. The main genetic factors associated with the development of celiac disease are human leukocyte antigens, mainly types DQ2 and DQ8, for which most patients with this condition are positive. It is known that the inflammatory process present in celiac disease is mediated especially by CD4 T-cells, antibodies against wheat gliadin, and the enzyme transglutaminase 2. The classic form of celiac disease is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms, although extraintestinal manifestations can be found in more than 50% of cases, including visual changes. The pathophysiological mechanisms of ophthalmological manifestations associated with celiac disease include malabsorption and autoimmune dysfunctions, capable of leading to involvement of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. This review aims to gather the main ophthalmological manifestations associated with celiac disease, as well as to explain its pathophysiological mechanisms.