bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Maternal Attitudes: Development, Validation, and Psychometric Properties of the Mother-Child Reminiscing Scales
Authors: Cen-Yagiz Suzan , Aytac Berna
Published: June 2023

Objective

Mother-child participation in conversations about past events in early childhood has an invaluable influence on child development. While previous studies have focused on the investigation of maternal styles of talking about the past, the role of maternal attitudes towards reminiscing has been overlooked. This paper presents two studies on the development and validation of two separate scales that assess maternal attitudes in mother-child conversations: the Maternal Attitudes Towards Mother-Child Reminiscing Scale (MCRS) and MCRS-Context.

Design

In Study 1, we have investigated the factor structure of the MCRS ( N = 312) and MCRS-Context ( N = 278) with a sample of mothers whose children aged between 3 and 7. In Study 2, we aimed to test the factor structure obtained by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in Study 1 using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and we have investigated the psychometric properties of the scales with a different sample of 223 mothers.

Results

EFA and CFA results have suggested four theoretically consistent factors of the MCRS (interest, competency, satisfaction and difficulty) and a one-factor structure for the MCRS-Context (general positive attitudes in comparison to other mothers). To test construct validity, the relationships with related independent scales were investigated, indicating generally significant and theoretically expected correlations. The test/re-test, Cronbach alpha and composite reliability scores indicated acceptable internal consistency for both scales.

Conclusions

The findings of both studies provided evidence for the validity and reliability of these scales in evaluating maternal attitudes towards mother-child conversations. It is thought that the studies presented here will provide useful insight for future studies for understanding the link between maternal cognitions and reminiscing practices in mother-child conversations and the effect of that link on child development.
Parenting Style, Peer Groups, and Pro-Bullying Behavior of Junior High School Students
Authors: Zhao Mingyu , Hong Xinwei , Chen Yanling , Jiao Lan , Shao Qiaobei , Fan Hang , Zhang Lin
Published: June 2023

To explore both the relationship between parenting style and the pro-bullying behavior of junior high school students and the roles of peer relationship and deviant peer interaction in that relationship. The parenting style questionnaire, peer relationship questionnaire, deviant peer interaction questionnaire, and pro-bullying behavior questionnaire were used to survey 886 junior high school students in China. A SPSS statistical package (26.0) was used for data analysis. Parenting style, peer relationship, deviant peer interaction, and pro-bullying behavior were all significantly correlated. Peer relationship and deviant peer interaction played complete mediating roles respectively between parenting style and pro-bullying behavior. Peer relationship and deviant peer interaction played a chain-type mediating role between style and pro-bullying behavior. Parenting style is an important parenting factor in pro-bullying behavior, indirectly affecting junior high school students’ pro-bullying behavior by influencing their peer relationship and deviant peer interaction.
Associations between the perception of dental pain and pain anxiety, mental pain, and dental anxiety in Iranian sample
Authors: Taheri Amir Abbas , Parvizifard Ali Akbar , Reisi Sajjad , Jafari Mahsa , Mohammadian Yokhabe , Heshmati Khatereh , Foroughi Aliakbar , Eivazi Masoome , Ghasemi Mohammad
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study examined the perception of dental pain and its relationship to pain anxiety, dental anxiety, and mental pain.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 328 patients referred to dental clinics in Kermanshah (Iran) from 2020 to 2021. The instruments used in this study included scales assessing pain anxiety, dental anxiety, mental pain, and pain perception.

Results

There was a significant relationship ( p = .001) between pain perception with dental anxiety (r = .38), pain anxiety (r = .45), and mental pain (r = .25).

Conclusion

Psychological factors are associated with the perception of dental pain. Given the importance of dental care to overall health, psychological interventions may help to reduce the perception of dental pain and fear of seeing dentists in Iran.
Pretrial Risk Assessment, Release Recommendations, and Racial Bias
Authors: Zottola Samantha A. , Desmarais Sarah L. , Stewart D. Kamiya , Duhart Clarke Sarah E. , Monahan John
Published: June 2023

We examined how the presentation of risk assessment results and the race of the person charged affected pretrial court actors’ recommendations to release a person with or without conditions. A sample of 246 pretrial court actors read vignettes that varied risk framing (success, failure), risk format (probability, frequency), risk level (low, high), and race of the person charged (Black, White). Pretrial release recommendations did not differ as a function of framing or format overall or by race. Pretrial court actors were more likely to recommend release with conditions compared with release without conditions in the high- versus low-risk groups when the person was White but not when the person was Black. Findings fail to support changes to the presentation of pretrial risk assessment results as strategies to enhance their impact on release recommendations and underscore the need for efforts to ensure equitable application of risk assessment results for people of color.
Full Endoscopic Resection of Intralabyrinthine Schwannomas: A Case Series
Authors: Wu Jingfang , Sun Haojie , Chen Binjun , Yuan Yasheng , Wang Wuqing , Ren Dongdong
Published: June 2023

Objective: To investigate the technique and efficacy of fully endoscope resection of intralabyrinthine schwannomas (ILS) by transcanal transpromontorial endoscopic approach (TTEA). Study Design: Retrospective case review. Setting: Hospital. Patients: All patients who were affected by ILS, without extension to the internal auditory canal and underwent surgery with TTEA in our hospital in 2020. Intervention(s): Therapeutic. Main Outcome Measure(s): Recovery status, postoperative complications and remaining symptoms after surgery. Results: Three patients were included, all of which underwent gross total resections. The follow-up period was from 10 months to 2 years. No intraoperative and postoperative major complications were observed. There was no facial paralysis or cerebrospinal fluid leakage postoperatively. The hospitalization time of TTEA was 5 days. Three patients’ vertigo was relieved after 1 week without receiving vestibular therapy. Only 1 patient complained of transient episodes of vertigo when climbing or holding heavy objects. Conclusions: TTEA has the advantages of clear vision to identify the anatomical structure, enabling complete tumor resection, reduced operation time, and faster postoperative recovery.

Level of Evidence: IV
Nasal Alar and Scalp Metastases From Lung Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Lu , Wang Jiyun , Yang Sijia , Lu Lu , Yu Xiao
Published: June 2023

Both nasal alar and scalp metastases from lung carcinoma are exceedingly rare. Herein, we report a case of an elderly male smoker who had left lung carcinoma and underwent radical resection. Seven months later, masses began to appear on his nasal alar and parietal scalp which gradually increased in size. The nasal computed tomography and head magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a dense soft tissue shadow in the right nasal alar and nasal cavity, as well as a soft tissue nodule in the middle of the parietal scalp. A biopsy was performed and immunohistochemistry suggested poorly differentiated metastatic carcinoma that was consistent with the characteristics of primary lung carcinoma and supported the diagnosis of nasal alar and scalp metastases. Then, he received a combined treatment of Albumin paclitaxel and Xindirizumab. However, he passed away 3 months later. In addition to this case, we also review the clinical features of nose and/or scalp metastases from lung carcinoma based on previously reported cases as well as this case.
Herman Witkin and the Rise and Fall of the Black Learning Style Idea, 1960–2003
Authors: Fallace Thomas
Published: June 2023

Background/Context:

Historical studies of this volatile period in educational history (1960–2003 tend to focus on educational policy and/or curriculum, but rarely address changes in learning theory. Numerous historical studies have traced how psychologists, psychometricians, policymakers, and social scientists have dismissed the intellectual potential of Black students over the course of the 20th century, but these studies have completely overlooked the controversial Black learning style idea and how the idea interacted with the educational and racial discourses of the period.

Purpose:

This intellectual history traces the rise and fall of the controversial idea that there was a Black learning style.

Research Design:

Hollinger (1985) defines intellectual history succinctly as the “discourse of intellectuals” (p. 131). Often described as thinking rather than thought, an intellectual history focuses on contingencies, contradictions, and inconsistencies in a discourse; contextualizes the discourse in evolving historical, political, and social contexts; and explores how these changing contexts affect the development of the ideas.

Conclusions:

The Black learning style and cultural mismatch theories both emerged from the research of psychologist Herman Witkin in the 1950s. The idea was further developed by Rosalie Cohen, Asa Hilliard III, and Janice Hale in the 1970s and 1980s. By the late 1990s, many scholars considered the Black learning style idea to be dangerous and stopped directly referencing it. Despite its eventual rejection, the Black learning style idea inspired many lines of inquiry about the ways that race, culture, and ethnicity impact learning that are still being pursued today. This intellectual history traces the origins, emergence, and fall of the idea that Black students had a different learning and/or cognitive style that clashed with that of White teachers, standardized testing, and American schools.
‘There’s a lot of freedom you can have with that kind of thing’: vinyl and cassette split releases in the digital age
Authors: Duester Benjamin
Published: June 2023

Releasing music on cassettes and 7-inch singles has been a part of DIYmusic scenes for a long time. As music production, distribution and consumption have been subjected to a substantial digital shift within the past two decades, one might expect cassette tapes or vinyl records to be a thing of the past, yet they persevere as indicated by thousands of new DIY releases every year. This article investigates the cultural and economic significance of split releases in contemporary DIY music scenes. In contrast to music streaming or digital downloads distributed online, it argues that the technological limitations and material idiosyncrasies of cassette tapes and vinyl records used for split releases allow for creative collaboration and intentional dissociation that contextualise people throughout various cultural and geographical domains. As a result, split releases are specifically used to contrast the overwhelming possibilities that digital music production and distribution pose.
A Hybrid Model for the Intergenerational Relationship Between Maternal Poverty and Their Young Adult Child’s Self-Esteem
Authors: Lee Jaewon , Lim Hyejung , Allen Jennifer
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine how mothers’ poverty differently affects young adult children’s self-esteem over time. We consider how young adult children’s income moderates the between-subject relationship and the within-subject relationship. This study used two data sets such as the NLSY79 and the NLSY79CY. We used six waves from 2004 to 2014. A total of 3975 mother–adult child dyads were chosen. The hybrid model was employed to explore both the between-subject and the within-subject relationship. There was a significant between-subject relationship regarding the effect of mothers’ poverty and adult children’s income on adult children’s self-esteem. In the between-subjects relationship, an interaction effect was found, such that children’s income moderated the between-subject relationship between mothers’ poverty and children’s self-esteem. Long-term anti-poverty programs should be provided to women with children even after they completely are away from poverty. Minimizing inequality in intergenerational economic mobility may be critical to enhance adult children’s self-esteem.
Impact of patient demographics and intraoperative characteristics on abdominal aortic aneurysm sac following endovascular repair
Authors: Nocun Weronika , Muscogliati Rodrigo , Al-Tawil Mohammed , Jubouri Matti , Alsmadi Ayah S. , Surkhi Abdelaziz O. , Bailey Damian M. , Williams Ian M. , Bashir Mohamad
Published: June 2023

Background

Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) has become the preferred treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Its main aim is to seal the perfusion of the aneurysmal sac and, thus, induce sac regression and subsequent aortic remodelling. Aneurysmal sac regression has been linked to the short- and long-term clinical outcomes post-EVAR. It has also been shown to be influenced by endograft device choice, with several of these available commercially. This review summarises and discusses current evidence on the influence of pre- and intraoperative factors on sac regression. Additionally, this review aims to highlight the device-specific variations in sac regression to provide an overall holistic approach to treating AAAs with EVAR.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases to identify and extract relevant data.

Results

Female sex, >70 mm original sac diameters, higher pre-procedural fibrinogen levels, smoking and low intra-aneurysmal pressure were found to positively impact sac regression. Whereas renal impairment, ischemic heart disease, high intra-aneurysmal pressure and aneurysm neck thrombus negatively influenced sac regression. Patent lumbar arteries, age, statins and hypercholesterolaemia displayed conflicting evidence regarding sac regression. Regarding the EVAR endografts compared, newer generation devices such as the Anaconda mainly showed the most optimal results.

Conclusion

Sac regression following EVAR in AAA is an important prognostic factor for morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, several pre- and intraoperative factors can have an influence on sac regression. Therefore, it is necessary to take them into account when assessing AAA patients for EVAR to optimise outcomes. The choice of EVAR stent-graft can also affect sac regression, with evidence suggesting that the Fenestrated Anaconda is associated with the most favourable results.
The effect of orthography in Mandarin speakers’ production of English voiceless stops
Authors: Lu Yu-An , Lee Cheng-Huan
Published: June 2023

This article provides a review of previous studies that have examined the effects of orthography on establishing contrastive phonological representations in second language acquisition and presents results from an original study on Mandarin speakers’ production of English stops investigating how the presence of orthography affects the production of phonological categories that involve allophony. English voiceless stops are canonically represented as aspirated [ph, th, kh] in word-initial/stressed onset positions but are realized as unaspirated [p, t, k] following /s/ and in unstressed, non-initial onset positions. The results of our imitation experiment showed that Mandarin speakers failed to correctly imitate the unaspirated allophones when presented with written input, and this orthographic effect was stronger with nonwords than with real words. These results are best explained by an orthography effect mediated by phonological awareness and prior linguistic experience.
The safety of repeated ketamine dosing in paediatrics: A systematic review
Authors: James Lottie , James Ian G , Wakefield Justin
Published: June 2023

Background:

Ketamine is emerging as an effective, rapidly acting antidepressant in adult research. Hypothetical concerns about its long-term safety and impact on the developing brain are limiting its research in children. However, a wealth of paediatric safety and dosing data exists for ketamine, given its extensive use globally as an anaesthetic, analgesic and sedative agent.

Aims:

To evaluate the safety of repeat dosing of ketamine in children.

Methods:

A systematic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and PubMed from inception to 13 April 2023 was conducted. Included studies were those reporting adverse events when ketamine was given repeatedly to children aged 5–18, for any condition. No language restrictions were applied. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline and Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools Checklist for study quality assessment were used. The review process was performed independently by two reviewers.

Results:

Five observational studies (87 patients) were included. The maximum number of doses per patient was 42, over a maximum of 4 months. There were no serious adverse events. There was no evidence of needing higher doses with time to indicate tolerance. The longest follow-up period was 6 months. There were no long-term consequences (including neurocognitive) reported within this time frame.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that, despite methodological limitations of the studies, ketamine is well tolerated and safe for use in children, even when given repeatedly in regimens analogous to those used for the treatment of depression in adults. This finding supports the expansion of research into the use of ketamine as a novel antidepressant in children.
Exploring Students’ Motivation to Participate in Entrepreneurial Marketing Education
Authors: McCartan Aodheen , Cummins Darryl , Morgan Margaret , Joseph-Richard Paul
Published: June 2023

Despite recognition of Entrepreneurial Marketing’s (EM) growing global importance, Entrepreneurial Marketing Education (EME) is relatively under-researched. Applying the concept of autonomous motivation, this article proposes that EME might offer a more valuable learning experience for students and their future employers as compared with either Entrepreneurship Education (EE) or Marketing Education (ME). Through two studies involving undergraduate students, the research found that when set alongside EE and ME, EME is not more attractive to students overall, but was more likely to be participated in by business students as compared with non-business students. However, when little or no prior knowledge of EM was possessed, likelihood to participate by any student was very low. Evidence emerged that EME is not only or mainly associated with starting a business but instead is seen as relevant to students expecting to work in a smaller organization. The research confirms that intrinsic motivation is not sufficient to encourage participation but rather extrinsic motivation, in the form of an appreciation of the benefits that it might generate, is also required. Recommendations are made as to how EME can be presented to business and non-business students such that motivation to participate is enhanced.
Adjusting Train Timetables Based on Passenger Flow for Cross-Line Trains
Authors: Zheng Jiacheng , Cao Fang , Li Xiaohui
Published: June 2023

Urban rail transit becomes increasingly convenient for passengers by networking single lines. The urban rail transit network with cross-line trains has different characteristics from the traditional network. The trains can run to different lines at the crossing station, and the operation delay may be spread to different lines because of the operation schedule. A model for adjusting the running delay of cross-line trains is proposed in this paper. The optimization objective is to minimize the total delay time and the number of stranded passengers. In this paper, different scales of delay are analyzed and the operation order of the trains is allowed to be changed at the crossing station. Case simulations achieve good optimization results on the total delay time and the number of stranded passengers. Optimization diagrams are given under different strategies. The model and methodologies are also applied to Beijing Metro Line 13, and good simulation results are achieved for different scales of delay.
Machine Learning Approach to Analyze the Sentiment of Airline Passengers’ Tweets
Authors: Wu Shengyang , Gao Yi
Published: June 2023

As one of the most extensive social networking services, Twitter has more than 300 million active users as of 2022. Among its many functions, Twitter is now one of the go-to platforms for consumers to share their opinions about products or experiences, including flight services provided by commercial airlines. Using a machine learning approach, this study aimed to measure customer satisfaction by analyzing sentiments of tweets that mention airlines. Relevant tweets were retrieved from Twitter’s application programming interface and processed through tokenization and vectorization. After that, these processed vectors were passed into a pretrained machine learning classifier to predict the sentiments. In addition to sentiment analysis, we also performed a lexical analysis on the collected tweets to model keyword frequencies, which provided meaningful context to facilitate interpretation of the sentiments. We then applied time series methods such as Bollinger Bands to detect abnormalities in the sentiment data. Using historical records from January to July 2022, our approach was proven capable of capturing sudden and significant changes in passenger sentiments through the analysis of breakout points on the Bollinger upper and lower bounds. The methodology devised for this study has the potential to be developed into an application that could help airlines, along with other customer-facing businesses, efficiently detect abrupt changes in customer sentiments and consequently take appropriate mitigatory measures.
Comparison of Smartphone-Based and Drone-Based Approaches for Assessing Road Roughness
Authors: Afsharnia Hamed , Ghavami Seyed Morsal
Published: June 2023

Continuous road-pavement condition monitoring is essential to maintain the effectiveness and performance of road infrastructure. It also helps to optimize resource allocation and prioritization for pavement rehabilitation programs. The traditional methods that have been used for assessing road pavement condition are high cost and time consuming. Contrary to conventional methods, low-cost and new emerging technologies such as smartphones and drones can be used. The study aims to investigate the merits of using two different types of device for assessing road roughness: the smartphone as a response-type and the drone as a non-contact-type device. To this end, firstly, linear vertical acceleration data is collected by using a smartphone that is mounted on a car dashboard. Then, the collected data is used for calculating vertical displacement data using a fast Fourier transform. The displacement data is used for calculating international roughness index (IRI) as a measure of road roughness. Secondly, a drone flies over the studied road to construct a 3D model, extract the longitudinal profile, and eventually calculate the accurate IRI values of the road. Finally, the results of the approaches above will be compared with the results of a road surface profiler (RSP) as a reference method. Although the results reveal a significant correlation (above 0.8) of both methods with the RSP method, from an operational point of view, the smartphone was more cost and time effective, and also an easy-to-use approach for the purpose.
Paperwork, Paradox, and PRN: Psychotropic Medication Deficiencies in Assisted Living
Authors: Dys Sarah , Carder Paula
Published: June 2023

Individual state approaches to assisted living/residential care (AL/RC) licensing and oversight in the United States result in different practice standards and requirements, including psychotropic medication use. We examined 170 psychotropic medication deficiency citations issued to 152 Oregon AL/RC settings from 2015 to 2019. Applied thematic analysis resulted in the following themes: (1) documentation issues are primarily responsible for noncompliance, (2) unclear parameters place direct care workers in a role paradox, and (3) there is a persistent disconnect about when to seek qualified expertise before requesting psychotropic medications. AL/RC-specific mechanisms for medication prescription and administration are necessary to improve the structure and processes of care. Policymakers might consider how regulations unintentionally incentivize task-oriented versus person-centered care practices.
“There is No Communication”: A Qualitative Examination of Deaf Signers’ Experiences With Advance Care Planning
Authors: Cerilli Caroline , Katz Gabrielle , Volandes Angelo E. , Davis Aretha Delight , Paasche-Orlow Michael K. , James Tyler G. , McKee Michael M.
Published: June 2023

Objective(s): Deaf American Sign Language (ASL) users are subject to health care disparities resulting from communication and language barriers. Currently, few resources on advance care planning and end-of-life care exist in ASL. This study explores Deaf ASL users’ perceptions and experiences with end-of-life care and advance care planning. Methods: Semi-structured 1:1 interviews with Deaf signers were translated, and transcribed into English by a bilingual researcher. Investigators inductively coded transcripts and identified themes of barriers, facilitators, knowledge, and sources of information regarding end-of-life care. Participants’ knowledge of advance care planning and completion of advance care planning documents were evaluated using a brief assessment. Results: Eleven Deaf ASL users participated in the study with two deaf interviewers. Participants reported barriers to end-of-life care including poor provider communication, inaccessible sources, and inadequate provision of accommodations, leading to patient distrust. Participants’ understanding of advance care planning was facilitated by accessible forms of communication and their social networks, such as family, friends, and Deaf peers. Participants primarily gained information on end-of-life care from first-hand familial experience, peers, and media. Participants’ mean advance care planning knowledge was 4.6 out of 15 (SD  =  2.6). Conclusions: Deaf ASL users face scarce accessible resources around end-of-life care, lowering their ability to understand and proceed with advance care planning. Implementation of ASL accessible advance care planning educational tools in health care settings is needed.
Under Pressure: Social Information on Reference Groups and its Influence on Volunteering Intention—A Survey Experiment
Authors: Henninger Magdalena , Rottler Maren , Helmig Bernd
Published: June 2023

Voluntary contributions are a crucial resource for nonprofit organizations and challenging to acquire. Social information on other people’s contributions has been found to positively influence individual giving behavior. However, a clear understanding how social information reference groups impact volunteering intentions is missing. Drawing on social comparison theory, we conducted a survey experiment with variations in social information reference groups to shed light on mechanisms within social comparison processes in volunteering. Results show that volunteering intention increases when social information refers to reference groups similar to recipients (ingroups) compared with reference groups without similarities (outgroups). This effect is mediated by group identification. In contrast, shifts in volunteering aspiration are anchored by observed performance levels and independent of reference groups. The study contributes to the social information literature and suggests the need to distinguish different forms of social information to understand social comparison processes in volunteering, relevant for researchers and practitioners alike.
Problem structuring, wrong-problem problems and metagovernance as the strategic management of intractable positions: The case of the EU GM Crop Regulatory Framework controversy
Authors: Hoppe Robert , Turnbull Nick
Published: June 2023

Analyses of ‘wicked problems’ often lead to recommendations for collaborative governance as a metagovernance solution. The case of deadlocked European Union genetically modified crop authorization processes offers a good example. However, the stalemate is not the result of the inherent ‘wickedness’ of the problem posed by the risk of genetic modification technology applied to agricultural production of food and feed. Rather, the policy lock-in results from the structure and dynamics of the policy network. Rigid interactions between the same institutionalized policy actors sustain instigation and power games interlaced with question–answer or probing games that jointly reproduce a clash between differently structured problems over and over again. This has created a typical wrong-problem problem situation: the EC imposing ‘safety’ and ‘consumer choice’ of GM crops as a structured problem on member states, business interests and anti-GM NGOs that, for different reasons, saw the cultivation of GM crops as an uncertain and normatively conflicted activity. Neither of the issue network’s opposing discourses and advocacy coalitions gained sufficient political power to bring their preferred problem structuring journeys to closure. Critical reflection on practices of problem structuring suggest scepticism about collaborative meta-governance and stakeholder dialogues as solutions to deal with wickedness. Instead, we argue that the European Commission’s recent coping strategy constitutes incomplete but intelligent management of relational distances in regard to a complex problem.
Efficient large multibody flight dynamic simulation through improved nonlinear control constraint stabilization
Authors: Wachlin Jake , Butler Cason , Costello Mark
Published: June 2023

Some air vehicles are configured such that major components exhibit relative motion with respect to one another where this relative motion significantly affects vehicle motion. In these cases, multibody flight dynamics is needed to adequately model system dynamics. This paper reports on a numerically efficient and versatile method for multibody flight dynamic simulation where the air vehicle is idealized as a collection of rigid bodies connected together by a set of joints. The method uses constrained coordinates with a constraint stabilization method based on a nonlinear control framework. The key innovation lies in relating the connections of the rigid bodies to an undirected graph and its adjacency matrix. By reordering connections, the bandwidth of the adjacency matrix can be minimized leading to substantial computational improvements. These improvements are applied to several air vehicle systems to highlight the computational benefits of the proposed technique.
Finite element analysis of an intact lumbar spine model: Effects of loading under different coordinate systems
Authors: Pradeep Kishore , Pal Bidyut
Published: June 2023

Finite element (FE) analysis has been used in studying the biomechanics of the lumbar spine. While some FE studies used a follower load technique that intended to replace the compressing effect of local muscle force, other studies considered satisfying the relationship between the human body’s posture and the centre of gravity (CG) for investigating spine biomechanics. However, the above studies did not reveal the importance of a coordinate system that gratifies the posture-CG relation and follower load techniques. The present FE study compares the variation in ranges of motion (ROM) and stress-strain distributions due to the application of loading via different coordinate systems, follower (FCS) and global (GCS). A subject-specific computed tomography scan-based intact spine (L1-L5) FE model was developed and simulated for physiological movements. The FE results indicated a minimum deviation in ROM of 2.7° for the L1-L5 full model at all physiological activities between the defined coordinate systems. The observed variation for the L3-L4 functional spinal unit was between 4.7° and 19°. The von Mises strain in the vertebrae was between 0.0007 and 0.003 for the FCS case. In contrast, the peak von Mises strain for the GCS case was above the compressive yield strain limit of cancellous bone by 38.5%. The GCS model transferred the load unsymmetrically, whereas the distribution was symmetrical for the FCS case, without any potential risk of bone failure. These observations clearly indicate that the selection of the appropriate loading coordinate system is as crucial as the magnitude of loading.
Adoption of a quadratic usage framework for predicting blockchain use intention from the perspective of librarians in Southwest Nigerian universities
Authors: Tella Adeyinka
Published: June 2023

This study examined the quadratic usage framework for predicting the blockchain use intention of librarians in Southwest Nigerian universities. A pure quantitative method was adopted using a survey research design and a questionnaire as an instrument for data collection from 169 librarians who were drawn through a total enumeration from fifteen university libraries in Southwest Nigeria. A Quadratic Usage Framework (QUF) which is rarely used in Information System research has used a lens to predict the intention of librarians to use blockchain technology for library services. The findings revealed that the four factors of the model, access, skills, policy, and motivation are all correlated with librarians’ intention to use blockchain technology for library services in academic libraries. Also, all four QUF factors jointly predict the intention to use blockchain technology by librarians for library services in academic libraries and are also good individual predictors of intention to use blockchain. The analysis of variance performed on multiple regression yielded an F-ratio value of 80.69. This was found to be significant at 0.05 levels. These results suggest that all four determinants/factors together made up 78% of librarians’ intention to use blockchain technology for library services in academic libraries. The most significant challenges to librarians’ intention to use blockchain technology reported are limited budget available to libraries and inadequate supply of electricity, limited skills possessed by the librarians, slow internet connections, and attitudinal change/mindset of the librarians.
Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: A multicentre retrospective study in Singapore
Authors: Law Annie HN , Chuah Tyng Yu , Lee Weixian , Teng Gim Gee , Lian Tsui Yee , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Chew Li-Ching
Published: June 2023

Objective

Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) is a rare but life-threatening complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We describe the clinical characteristics, treatment and survival outcomes of SLE patients with DAH in Singapore.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of SLE patients with DAH hospitalised in 3 tertiary hospitals between January 2007 and October 2017. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory, radiologic and bronchoscopic findings, as well as the treatments, were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Survival rates were analysed between the various treatment groups.

Results

A total of 35 patients with DAH were included in this study. Majority of them were female (71.4%) and of Chinese ethnicity (62.9%). Median age was 40.0 years (IQR: 25–54), with a median disease duration of 8.9 months (IQR: 0.13–102.4). Haemoptysis was the most common clinical presentation, and majority had concomitant cytopaenia and lupus nephritis. All patients received high dose glucocorticoids; 27 (77.1%), 16 (45.7%) and 23 (65.7%) received cyclophosphamide (CYP), rituximab (RTX), and plasmapheresis (PLEX), respectively. Twenty-two patients required mechanical ventilation with a median duration of 12 days. Overall mortality rate was 40%, with a median survival time of 162 days. Twenty-six patients (74.3%) achieved remission, with an overall median time to remission of 12 days (IQR: 6–46) after diagnosis of DAH. Patients on triple therapy (CYP, RTX and PLEX) had a median survival of 162 days as compared to 14 days in patients on PLEX alone ( p = .0026).

Conclusions

The overall mortality of DAH in SLE patients remained high. There were no significant differences in patient demographics or clinical characteristics between the survivors and non-survivors. However, better survival appears to be associated with treatment with cyclophosphamide.
Incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in New Zealand from the national administrative datasets
Authors: Lao Chunhuan , White Douglas , Rabindranath Kannaiyan , Van Dantzig Philippa , Foxall Donna , Aporosa Apo , Lawrenson Ross
Published: June 2023

Objectives

This study aims to provide updated data on the incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in New Zealand and to examine the difference between ethnic groups.

Methods

We identified the SLE cases from the national administrative datasets. The date of first identification of SLE was the earliest date of a related inpatient event or the earliest date of a related outpatient event. The crude incidence and prevalence of SLE in 2010–2021 were estimated by gender, age group and ethnicity. The WHO (World Health Organization) age-standardised rate (ASR) of incidence and prevalence of SLE was calculated, after stratifying the cases by ethnicity and gender.

Results

The average ASR of incidence and prevalence of SLE in 2010–2021 was 2.1 and 42.1 per 100,000 people in New Zealand. The average ASR of incidence for women was 3.4 per 100,000 for women and 0.6 for men. It was highest for Pacific women (9.8), followed by Asian women (5.3) and Māori women (3.6), and was lowest for Europeans/Others (2.1). The average ASR of prevalence was 65.2 per 100,000 for women and 8.5 for men. It was highest for Pacific women (176.2), followed by Māori women (83.7) and Asian women (72.2), and was lowest for Europeans/Others (48.5). The ASR of prevalence of SLE has been increasing slightly over time: from 60.2 in 2010 to 66.1 per 100,000 in 2021 for women and from 7.6 in 2010 to 8.8 per 100,000 in 2021 for men.

Conclusion

The incidence and prevalence of SLE in New Zealand were comparable to the rates in European countries. Pacific people had the highest incidence and prevalence of SLE, more than three times the rates for Europeans/others. The high incidence of SLE in Māori and Asian people also has implications for the future as these populations increase as a proportion to the total population.
Perspectives of College and Career Readiness Among Educational Stakeholders
Authors: Morningstar Mary E. , Lombardi Allison , Mazzotti Valerie L. , Buddeke Kathryn , Langdon Shannon , Taconet Ashley , Rifenbark Graham , Kwiatek Stephen M.
Published: June 2023

In this study, we sought to understand the contexts, experiences, and needs among a sample of U.S. secondary education stakeholders to inform both a theoretical framework and policy contexts underpinning college and career readiness (CCR). Results confirmed a theoretically constructed framework of academic and non-academic CCR skills, with participants offering descriptions that validated and extended the framework. In addition, participants provided critical understandings of educational contexts in which CCR occurs, with both policy constraints and facilitative influences described. Participants identified strategies, policies, and practices to support student readiness for college and career outcomes. Finally, we provide study limitations and implications for research, policy, and practice.
“Feel My Rage”: Angry Feminist Claims and Affective Mobilization
Authors: Killen Kimberly
Published: June 2023

In this article, I ask, “How do angry feminist claims get heard?” Angry feminist claims, I argue, inform, and mobilize by resonating with empathetic communities, legitimating feelings and experiences, and triggering energetic transfers among feminists and non-feminists. Through analysis of the 2018 protests of the nomination and confirmation of Brett Kavanaugh to the United States Supreme Court, I illustrate how angry feminist claims can be reclaimed as rational expressions of injustice, prompting divergent responses among differently situated audiences. Further, I demonstrate how anger as part of an affective appeal activates those attuned to hearing angry feminist claims as rational and legitimate, while simultaneously being challenged by intragroup intersectional differences.
Validation of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) for Osteochondral Lesions of the Ankle
Authors: Azam Mohammad T. , Yu Kristin , Butler James , Do Huong , Ellis Scott J. , Kennedy John G. , Walls Raymond
Published: June 2023

Background:

The purpose of this study was to validate the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs). We hypothesize that the FAOS will meet all 4 psychometric criteria for validity in this patient population.

Methods:

From 2008 to 2014, a total of 208 patients with OLTs were included in the construct validity portion of the study. All patients completed FAOS and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) scores. Twenty additional patients were prospectively recruited and were asked to complete questionnaires to determine the relevance of each of the FAOS questions as it related to their OLT. Forty-four patients completed the FAOS 1 month after the first FAOS to assess reliability via Spearman correlation coefficient. Responsiveness of the FAOS was assessed with 54 patients who had both preoperative and postoperative FAOS scores via Student paired t test with significance determined as P < .05. In total, 229 unique patients were included in this study.

Results:

Statistically significant associations were found between all FAOS and SF-12 subscales ( P < .01). The FAOS symptoms subscale demonstrated the lowest correlation with the SF-12 physical health domains. No floor or ceiling effects were identified. Weak correlations were calculated between the 5 FAOS subscales and the SF-12 mental component summary score. All FAOS domains met the threshold for acceptable content validity (score > 2.0). All FAOS subscales demonstrated acceptable test-retest reliability, with ICC values ranging from 0.81 (ADL) to 0.92 (Pain).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates the acceptable yet moderate construct and content validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the FAOS for patients with OLTs of the ankle joint. We endorse the use of the FAOS in evaluating ankle OLTs in both the research and clinical setting and consider it a useful patient-reported, self-administered instrument following surgical intervention.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case study.
Association Between Fulfillment of Preoperative Expectations and Diagnosis in Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Khilnani Tyler K. , Barth Kathryn A. , Henry Jensen K. , Cororaton Agnes D. , Cody Elizabeth A. , Mancuso Carol A. , Ellis Scott J.
Published: June 2023

Background:

There has been growing interest in patient-reported outcomes in foot and ankle surgery, and the fulfillment of patient expectations is a potentially powerful tool that compares preoperative expectations and perceived postoperative improvement. Prior work has validated the use of expectation fulfillment in foot and ankle surgery. However, given the wide spectrum of pathologies and treatments in foot and ankle, no study has examined the association between expectation fulfillment and specific diagnosis.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study consisting of 266 patients who completed the Foot & Ankle Expectations Survey and the Foot and Ankle Outcome Survey (FAOS) preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively. A fulfillment proportion (FP) was calculated using the pre- and postoperative Foot & Ankle Expectations Survey scores. An estimated mean fulfillment proportion for each diagnosis was calculated using a multivariable linear regression model, and pairwise comparisons were used to compare the FP between diagnoses.

Results:

All diagnoses had an FP less than 1, indicating partially fulfilled expectations. Ankle arthritis had the highest FP (0.95, 95% CI 0.81-1.08), whereas neuromas and mid/hindfoot diagnoses had the lowest FPs (0.46, 95% CI 0.23-0.68; 0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.80). Higher preoperative expectations were correlated with lower fulfillment proportions.

Conclusion:

FP varied with diagnosis and preoperative expectations. An understanding of current expectation fulfillment among different diagnoses in foot and ankle surgery helps highlight areas for improvement in the management of expectations for presumed diagnoses.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective review of prospective cohort study.
Safe Insertion of Arterial Catheters (SIA): An ultrasound-guided protocol to minimize complications for arterial cannulation
Authors: Spencer Timothy R , Imbriaco Guglielmo , Bardin-Spencer Amy , Mahoney Keegan J , Brescia Fabrizio , Lamperti Massimo , Pittiruti Mauro
Published: June 2023

Direct puncture and cannulation of peripheral arteries is frequently performed in critical care and in emergency settings, mainly for hemodynamic monitoring and blood sampling. While there is abundant literature on peripheral arterial cannulation in children and adults, there is still scope for clinical improvements which may impact on patient safety. Although the radial artery is the most frequently utilized access site today, due to its superficial proximity, ease of access, and low risk of adverse events, other sites are sometimes chosen. The authors propose the Safe Insertion of Arterial Catheters (SIA) protocol, an ultrasound-guided insertion bundle applying a systematic approach to arterial cannulation, with a focus on improving insertion practices, reducing procedural complications, increasing the patient safety profile, and improving device performance.
Medication Adherence Assessment and Cost Analysis of COPD Treatment Under Out-Patient Clinic in Vietnam
Authors: Phan Thanh Thuy , Vu Van Giap , Tuyet-Lan Le-Thi , Nguyen Viet Nhung , Ngo Quy Chau
Published: June 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) out-patient clinic is for stable patients but it requires patient’s adherence to medicine and medical checkups. Our study aimed to assess COPD out-patient clinics management efficacy with respect to medication adherence and treatment costs at 3 out-patient clinics. Data were collected through 514 patient interviews and from medical records for statistical analysis. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (28.8%), and 52.9% of patients had experienced exacerbations in the past year requiring 75.7% of them to be hospitalized. According to the Morisky scale, 78.8% had high adherence and 82.9% were using inhaled corticosteroids regimens. The mean cost per year among different cohorts varied, with the out-patient cohort at $305.93, the acute exacerbations of COPD non-hospital cohort at $247.39, the standard admission cohort at $1275.3, and the emergency department cohort at $2132.5. Patients with low medication adherence had significantly lower annual costs ($238.25 vs $325.04, P = .001). In Vietnam, economic constraints have made Inhaled corticosteroids/ Long-acting β-2 agonists the main mode of treatment. However, the exclusion of Long-acting β-2 agonists/Long-acting anti-muscarinic antagonists drugs from health insurance coverage poses a challenge to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease-based prescription practices and increases the importance of monitoring medication adherence, particularly in patients with higher COPD Assessment Test scores.