bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removal of LAS from water by activated carbon and resins in continuous process
Authors: Franco M. R. , Rocha N. R. A. F. , Pereira W. A. , Merlo N. P.
Published: June 2020

In this study, Purolite resins and activated carbon (AC) were used to remove LAS (linear dodecyl benzene sulfonate) from water. In some cases the conventional filtration at constant pressure released a negligible amount of residual surfactant (< 0.1 mg L-1). Adsorption characteristics were investigated with anionic, cationic and mixed resins and activated carbon with different sizes. LAS adsorption onto the solid material was studied in a solution of low concentration (0.50 mg L-1). For comparison, some filters filled with resins and activated carbon were prepared, characterized and connected to the recipient bottom for filtration. The size of carbon particles really influenced the results, and the anionic resin exhibited better adsorption capacity than the others in this study. The ANOVA response surface analyses properly confirmed the experimental results.

Keywords: resins; activated carbon; filtration; continuous process; adsorption.
Öz Yeterliğin İş Özerkliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: Turist Rehberleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: KATIRCIOĞLU Esra , KABAKULAK Ali
Published: June 2020

Amaç ve Önem: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı turist rehberlerinin öz yeterlik seviyelerinin iş özerkliği algıları üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Çalışma kapsamında ayrıca turist rehberlerinin öz yeterlik seviyeleri ile iş özerkliği algılarının belirlenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Turist rehberliği mesleğinin özellikleri dikkate alındığında, öz yeterlik ve iş özerkliği kavramlarının, mesleğin uygulanabilirliği açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.Yöntem: Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda eylemli turist rehberlerinin doldurması için Google formlar programı aracılığı ile çevrimiçi anket oluşturulmuş ve rehberlerden çalışmaya katılmaları istenmiştir.Bulgular: Araştırmada turist rehberlerinin öz yeterliklerinin iyi seviyede olduğu, iş özerkliklerinin iyi seviyeye yakın olduğu; öz yeterlikle iş özerkliği arasında pozitif, orta düzeyde ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca turist rehberlerinin öz yeterliği ile iş özerkliği arasındaki regresyon modeli üzerinde etkisi olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.Özgünlük/Bilimsel Katkı: Yapılan literatür taramasında, turist rehberlerinin öz yeterlikleri üzerine yapılan sınırlı sayıda çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Aynı zamanda turist rehberlerinin yalnızca öz yeterlikleri ile iş özerkliklerine odaklanan çalışmaya rastlanamamıştır. Ayrıca turist rehberlerinin öz yeterliklerinin iş özerklikleri üzerindeki etkinin ilgili taraflarca (Tureb, Türsab, Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı vd.) bilinmesi, turist rehberlerinin istihdamı ve yönettikleri turlarda sağlayacakları memnuniyet üzerindeki etkisinin yanı sıra ülkenin veya bölgenin bilinirliğine de önemli katkı sağlayacağından bu bağlamda ileride oluşturulacak politikalara fikir vermesi açısından önemli bir katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra turist rehberlerinin özerk ve bağımsız çalışabilmesinin tur deneyimi, kalitesi, sunum ve hizmet verme isteği gibi konularda önemli katkılar sağlayacağı da düşünülmektedir.Çalışmanın Sınırlılıkları: Çalışma kapsamında, Türkiye’nin yedi farklı coğrafi bölgesine dağılmış halde olan on üç turist rehberleri odasına ulaşmanın zaman ve maliyet açısından mümkün olamaması bu çalışmanın sınırlılıklarından bir tanesidir. Ayrıca turist rehberlerinin çalışmaya katılmaya istekli olmayışları çalışmanın diğer bir sınırlılığı olarak ifade edilebilir. Çalışma kapsamında rehberlere çevrimiçi anketler aracılığı ile ulaşılmaya çalışmıştır.
KESANTUNAN BAHASA ANAK DI PAUD MEKAR SARI GONDORIYO KECAMATAN JAMBU
Authors: Apriliani Elina Intan
Published: June 2020

Dalam mendidik karakter bangsa kita tentunya dapat memanfaatkan kekayaan budaya bangsa Indonesia, keanekaragaman kultur dan tradisi itu merupakan aset bangsa yang sangat berharga dan perlu dilestarikan. Termasuk budaya Jawa yang mengandung nilai-nilai luhur adalah bagian dari aset bangsa yang harus jaga agar menjadi simbul kebanggaan/identitas nasional bangsa Indonesia. Salah satu jawaban untuk mengatasi krisis kesantunan bahasa yang sedang melanda di negara kita khususnya pada anak usia dini dan anak remaja adalah pendidikan karakter yaitu dengan kesantunan Bahasa. Berdasarkan latar belakang diatas dapat diidentifikasi masalah dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut : (1) wujud kesantunan bahasa anak berdasarkan kesantunan bahasa dalam interaksi belajar mengajar di Paud Mekar Sari Gondoriyo Kecamatan Jambu; (2) wujud kesantunan berbahasa guru berdasarkan kesantunan bahasa dalam interaksi belajar mengajar di PAUD Mekar Sari Gondoriyo. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah wujud kesantunan anak dalam interaksi belajar mengajar di PAUD Mekar Sari Gondoriyo. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah tuturan guru dan siswa dalam interaksi belajar mengajar di PAUD Mekar Sari Gondoriyo. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini, yaitu teknik rekam dan teknik catat. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan, yakni pengumpulan data, pereduksian data, penyajian data, dan penyimpulan data.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) wujud metode kesantunan bahasa guru dalam interaksi belajar mengajar di PAUD Mekar Sari Gondoriyo, yaitu dengan metode tuturan deklaratif yang ditemukan menyatakan makna pragmatik imperatif suruhan, ajakan, permohonan, persilaan, dan larangan, dan wujud tuturan interogatif yang menyatakan makna pragmatik imperatif perintah, permohonan, dan persilaan; (2) wujud kesantunan bahasa anak dalam interaksi belajar mengajar di PAUD Mekar Sari Gondoriyo, yaitu wujud deklaratif yang ditemukan menyatakan makna pragmatik imperatif suruhan, ajakan, permohonan, dan larangan, dan wujud tuturan interogatif yang menyatakan makna pragmatik imperatif perintah dan permohonan. Selanjutnya, hasil penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi masukan kepada guru dan siswa agar memperhatikan penggunaan tindak tutur yang santun terhadap lawan tutur dalam interaksi belajar mengajar. Kata kunci: kesantunan, bahasa, anak usia dini
Implementasi Asessmen Otentik dalam Mengembangkan Multiple Intelligences di TKIT Baitussalam Prambanan
Authors: Binsa Ucik Hidayah , Handayani Iys Nur
Published: June 2020

Implememtasi asesmen otentik dalam mengembangkan multiple intelligence di TKIT Baitussalam sudah sesuai dengan mengembangkan multiple intelligence pada anak dan guru dapat mengimplementasikan asesmen otentik tersebut.  Dari 9 aspek multiple intelligence masuk ke dalam instrumen asesmen otentik anak. Sembilan aspek multiple intelligence, yakni:  1) Kecerdasan linguistic, 2) Kecerdasan matematis-logis, 3) Kecerdasan visual spasial, 4) Kecerdasan musical, 5) Kecerdasan kinestetik, 6) Kecerasesmen yang di dasan interpersonal, 7) Kecerdasan intrapersonal, 8) Kecerdasan naturalis, 9) Kecerdasan eksistensial atau kecerdasan spiritual. LPPA (Laporan Pencapaian Perkembangan Anak) / Raport adalah bentuk asesmen otentik yang diberikan kepada orangtua di TKIT Baitussalam.keywords: asesmen otentik, multiple intelligences
Efektifitas Anti Inflamasi Daun Mangga (Mangifera Indica) Terhadap Luka Bakar Derajat Dua
Authors: Anisa Nurul , Amaliah Nur Azizah , Al Haq Panji Mujahid , Arifin Arifah Novia
Published: June 2020

Masyarakat pada umumnya memanfaatkan mangga sebagai buah untuk konsumsi memperoleh nutrisi misalnya vit.C, namun hanya sebatas itu sedangkan bagian lain dari mangga terbuang begitu saja dan menjadi limbah, misalnya daun mangga.Daun mangga memiliki kandungan yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan, seperti flavonoid, fenol, tanin, terpenoid dan kuinon dapat berfungsi sebagai anti inflamasi.Penggunaan anti inflamasi sering dijumpai pada pengobatan luka bakar, namun selama ini menggunakan obat luka bakar sintetik yang memiliki efek samping berbahaya sehingga perlu adanya obat anti inflamasi luka bakar alami untuk mengurangi efek samping. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui cara daun mangga dapat dijadikan anti inflamasi penyembuhan luka bakar derajat dua, serta efektivitas daun mangga sebagai anti inflamasi terhadap luka bakar derajat dua. Jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian true eksperiment post test dengan kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan selama tiga bulan bertempat di Laboratorium Biologi, Universitas Negeri Makassar.Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini yaitu analisis data kuantitatif.Hasil yang dicapai yaitu diperoleh ekstrak daun mangga dan uji penapisan fitokimia ditemukan adanya senyawa metabolit sekunder yang dapat digunakan sebagai anti inflamasi. Uji efektivitas anti inflamasi dan penutupan luka bakar derajat berhasil dilihat dari mencit perlakuan memiliki hasil tidak beda nyata dengan kontrol positif.
Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut terhadap Kandungan Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Klika Kayu Jawa (Lannea coromendelica)
Authors: Hartati H. , B Syamsuddin , Karim Hilda
Published: June 2020

Kayu Jawa (Lannea coromendelica) merupakan tumbuhan yang tersebar di berbagai daerah dan memiliki potensi untuk dieksplorasi dalam pemanfaatannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi Kayu Jawa (Lannea coromendelica) dengan menentukan jenis pelarut dan cara ekstraksi terbaik dalam mengekstraksi kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder klika Kayu Jawa (Lannea coromendelica). Ekstraksi di lakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat dan etanol 70% serta menggunakan sampel kering dan basah, sehingga di peroleh 4 macam ekstrak yaitu Ekstrak etanol 70% klika Kayu Jawa basah (KJBE70%), ekstrak etanol 70% klika Kayu Jawa kering (KJKE70%), ekstrak etil asetat klika Kayu Jawa kering (KJKEA), dan ekstrak klika Kayu Jawa basah (KJBEA). Senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada Kayu Jawa (Lannea coromendelica) adalah flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan triterpenoid. Ekstrak klika Kayu Jawa basah (KJBEA) memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder tertinggi sebanyak 3 senyawa yaitu flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Konstruktivis-Novick dengan Media Edutainment terhadap Motivasi dan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa
Authors: Najib Ashari , P Muhammad Ali , Nurhidayah N.
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model konstruktivis novick dengan media edutainment terhadap motivasi dan pemahaman konsep siswa. adapun populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas X MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Wonomulyo sebanyak 180 siswa yang terbagi kedalam 5 kelas, kemudian diambil sampel dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling sebanyak 2 kelas yaitu kelas X MIPA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X MIPA 3 sebagai kelas kontrol. instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu tes pemahaman konsep siswa dan angket motivasi belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu (1) motivasi belajar matematika siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran konstruktivis novick lebih tinggi dibandingkan motivasi belajar siswa yang diajar tanpa model pembelajaran konstruktivis novick dengan media edutainment, dan (2) rata-rata pamahaman konsep siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran konstruktivis novick dengan media edutainment lebih besar dibandingkan rata-rata pemahaman konsep siswa yang diajar tanpa menggunakan model pembelajaran konstruktivis novick dengan media edutainment.
Research of the total spectral density of signals in the LTE up-link
Authors: Novikova A. A. , Kozel V. M. , Kavaliou K. A.
Published: June 2020

This article is devoted to the analysis of the total spectral radiation density of LTE subscriber terminals. The LTE network uses orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology for downlink communications, and multiple access technology with single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) for uplink communications. In a downlink, the occupied radio frequency band is determined by the number of resource blocks and the size of the step of placement of subcarrier oscillations in the frequency domain. Features of the technologies used for organizing multiple access in LTE networks determine the nature of the spectral density of the total radio signal. Thus, in a downlink, the spectral density approaches uniformity, since the power distribution in the spectral region does not depend on the number and location of resource blocks allocated to the subscriber, and also does not depend on the territorial location of the subscriber itself. For an uplink, the determination of spectral density characteristics is not so unambiguous, since they depend on a number of factors (traffic parameters, the nature of radio conditions, etc.). Тo conduct a detailed analysis of the spectral radiation density of a set of LTE subscriber terminals, a scheme of the measuring unit was developed and experimental studies of the spectral density were conducted on the basis of the BSUIR research laboratory. The article presents spectrograms of a set of signals in the uplink of the LTE communication network, obtained for different time intervals and different places of observation. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using an equivalent uniform spectral density to describe interference effects from groupings of subscriber terminals of LTE communication networks.
Automatic generation of semantic network for question answering
Authors: Potaraev V. V. , Serebryanaya L. V.
Published: June 2020

Semantic network model for representing data and knowledge was analysed. Selection of this model for working with text information was justified. The objective of automatic semantic network generation based on an arbitrary Russian-language text was formulated. Initial data, conditions and constraints necessary for network generation algorithm are listed. As a result of the part-of-speech analysis for each word and word order in a sentence, semantic relations between words are determined. The Lexeme dictionary was created to determine the part of speech of words in sentences. A set of question types used in the semantic network was selected. The number of relations in the network is regulated due to the possibility to use only necessary relation types when resolving a specific task. With that, the relations in semantic network can have very different types, which makes it a universal model for representing data and knowledge. The algorithm was developed which allows one to get answers for the questions asked. The semantic network model was generated automatically for the sentences considered. In the proposed algorithm the semantic network is interpreted as unoriented graph on which breadth-first search algorithm is used to find an answer. The proposed algorithms were implemented in a software tool which automatically generates the semantic network for an arbitrary text. The created software tool allows asking questions and getting answers to them based on the information which is stored in the semantic network. The experiments have shown that the generated semantic network gives correct answers to the questions posed. The network is modified by adding and removing information in it. There is a possibility to choose complexity of network structure depending on a specific task being resolved. The proposed approach for building and working with the semantic network allows one to process texts in various languages, to use it in information systems with natural-language interface, and to resolve such tasks as text classification and text search.
Procedure of definition of structure and parameters of multi-band matching circuits on the basis of intracavitary complex criterion for conformity to the ideal filter
Authors: Shashok V. N. , Kanaplizki A. S.
Published: June 2020

The article gives the procedure of structurally parametric synthesis of multi-band frequency-selective circuits. A short characteristic of approaches to solve the problems of synthesis of the multi-band frequencyselective circuits based on the use of multifrequency resonators, frequency transformations and parametric transformations using numerical procedures of optimisation is given. The research presents a short description of three widely used estimation criteria of the characteristics of frequency-selective circuits: Taylor, Chebyshev and average-degree criteria. Expedients of an estimate of joint approximation of amplitude-frequency and phasefrequency characteristics of synthesized circuits to those of the ideal filter are shown. The criterion is suggested and the procedure is presented for structurally parametrical synthesis of multi-band matching circuits on the basis of intracavitary complex criterion of conformity to the ideal filter in a transmission band and interband Chebyshev criterion realized by numerical optimization of synthesized circuits relative to the chosen criterion for affinessy is given. With that, the multi-band circuit is represented in form of a ladder-type connection that, generally, consists of n different reactive resistances. The example of using the proposed procedure to solve the problem of structurally parametric synthesis of a two-band matching circuit is given. As a matching load we selected the first-type equivalent consisting of a serial connection of active resistance and capacity. In the example there is an additional requirement to ensuring interband frequency selectivity. Such requirement is ensured by introducing zero to the function of transmission of the synthesized circuit on an interband average geometric frequency. The requirement is implemented by introducing a parallel oscillating circuit to the first serial arm of the synthesized circuit. The structurally parametric synthesis of the two-band matching circuit selected in the example is carried out through Mathcad 15 software based on the integrated method of Levenberg-Marquardt optimization.
Indoor air quality in a preschool
Authors: Koruba Dorota , Zender Świercz Ewa , Piotrowski Jerzy , Orman Łukasz , Telejko Marek
Published: June 2020

The article demonstrates the results of research on the indoor air quality (IAQ) in one of chosen preschools. In such facilities, the standard solution is a system of natural ventilation. Only a small percentage of such buildings is equipped with a mechanical ventilation system with adjustable parameters of the microclimate. The article presents the results of indoor air quality in the local preschool located in Kielce. In the present facility natural ventilation system was used. Preliminary studies confirmed the poor quality of indoor air in a subjected building. During the study, two improvements aimed at improving air quality were proposed. The first improvement was to increase the supply air stream. The second one concerned the installation of equipment for the treatment of indoor air. The results indicate that under certain guidelines it is possible to improve indoor air quality. As an indicator of indoor air quality, concentration of carbon dioxide was adopted. In addition, microbiological tests were performed indoors.
Air barriers used for separating smoke free zones in case of fire in tunnel
Authors: Krajewski Grzegorz
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to take the advantage of CFD application in calculating, optimising, and designing air curtains used to separate smoke free zones in case of fire in tunnel. Air curtains can be a good solution in case when the usage of solid obstructions is not feasible(for example in a big tunnel). A properly designed air curtain produces a pressure drop which prevents transversal flow through the opening. An accurate CFD calculation of an air curtain is challenging because of the high air velocity and relatively thin nozzle. Most air curtains are tested on scaled down models which are difficult to extrapolate. Tests in a real scale model are performed and the tests results are used to verify the chosen turbulence model. The intention of this paper is to present the comparison between the CFD calculations and tests results.
The program of renovation work on the example of the system building constructionW-70
Authors: Piotrowski Jerzy , Zaborek Radosław
Published: June 2020

The article presents a program of renovation works for buildings realized in the system W-70. The scope of work necessary to comply is analyzed and described with the specification of alternative materials and technology solutions. The analysis covers the building safety, thermal insulation, air exchange and ventilation, installation, visual and utility comfort. Special attention is paid to the work of improving microclimate in the rooms.
An analysis of the influence of the reinforcing bar distribution on the beam deformation during loading
Authors: Goszczyńska Barbara , Trąmpczyński Wiesław , Tworzewski Paweł
Published: June 2020

The article presents the analysis of the influence of the rebars distribution, in reinforced concrete beam section, on the perpendicular (to the side surface) deformation of the tested element. The beams were tested under the load of two forces. Displacements and crack formation in middle part of reinforced concrete beams were measured by using 3D optical scanner. Test results confirm the large influence of the asymmetry of the reinforcing bars distribution, within beams cross-sections, on their deformation and crack formation during loading. It is shown that the displacements perpendicular to the side surface are consequent upon irregularities in the distribution of the main reinforcement due to errors in the stage of beams manufacturing in the precast factory.
Methods of analysis of a reinforced concrete section under bending with axial force in the post-yield range
Authors: Korentz Jacek
Published: June 2020

Predicting the behaviour of plastic hinges subjected to large inelastic deformations caused by extreme loads such as earthquakes plays an important role in assessing maximum stable deformation capacities of framed concrete structures. This paper presents the analytical procedure for analysing the behaviour of a reinforced concrete section under bending with axial force in the post-yield range. The following stages of section behaviour are defined: the uncracked, first cracked, yielding, cover crushing, cover spalling, buckling of bars and limit stages. The relationship between the moment and curvature in these stages, including the effects of concrete confinement, the spalling of the concrete cover, and the inelastic buckling of the reinforcing bars, is considered. The presented method makes it possible to estimate the ductility of reinforced concrete members with various longitudinal and transverse reinforcement.
Experimental investigations of reinforced concrete columns in the edge connection zone with a reinforced concrete slab
Authors: Urban Tadeusz , Gołdyn Michał , Krawczyk Łukasz
Published: June 2020

In this paper the results of the experimental investigations of edge column – slab connections are presented and commented on. The load transmission mechanism between high strength concrete columns and slab made of normal, five times lower strength concrete was considered. The variable parameter of presented study was the overhang of slab cantilever. The performed study showed important effect of slab cantilever on effective concrete strength of column in the connection zone.
Calculation of column bases under biaxial bending
Authors: Górski Marcin
Published: June 2020

Columns are structural elements subjected to compression and sometimes bending. The way of their anchorages in foundations usually allows to withstand bending only in one plane, while in another plane connection is assumed to be hinged. Sometimes column need to be fixed in both planes, for example in steel sheds, which causes biaxial bending with additional axial force in column bases. Both codes [1] and available literature (ex. [2], [3], [4]) give procedures only to calculate column bases under bending in one axial. This paper shows the proposal of the procedure to calculate column bases under compression and biaxial bending. This iterative procedure is based on component method. Obtained results were compared with results from finite element analysis.
The axial force influence on the flexibility of steel joints subject to bending under fully developed fire conditions
Authors: Maślak Mariusz , Snela Małgorzata
Published: June 2020

The axial force qualitative influence as well as its quantitative evaluation on the behaviour of the flexible steel beam-to-beam and column-to-column knee joints subject to bending under fire conditions are assessed and discussed in detail. The proposed calculation algorithm is based on the generalization of classical component method. The essential effect of such axial force is not only the correction of internal forces applied to particular joint components, but also the significant modification of their strain conditions.
Structural robustness of steel framed buildings subjected to accidental actions
Authors: Szczerba Radosław
Published: June 2020

The approach of Eurocode 1 to accidental actions was briefly presented in the paper. These specific actions occur very rarely but due to their high intensity may result in the total collapse of  the building. Together with the description of structural robustness requirements, accidental design situations were discussed in accordance with the Standard PN-EN 1991-1-7. Furthermore, the analysis of steel framed building was carried out. The analysis concerns removal of a column on the lowest storey and was executed with the use of Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2013.
End-user survey results as contribution to energy performance assessment of precast panel housing stock
Authors: Ostańska Anna
Published: June 2020

The paper presents an analysis of a survey among residents of a housing district in Lublin, Poland. The survey, conducted by means of a bespoke questionnaire, was aimed not only at collecting the end-user input on the effects of maintenance and retrofitting actions completed so far and preferences on future actions, but also to arouse interest in participating in the decision-making process related with improving energy performance of the housing stock. The investigations, being a part of a larger research project started in 2004, are focused on assessing the potential for improvement of the precast panel housing stock which is a typical feature of Poland’s building environment.
Analysis of the rheological behavior of polymer modified asphalt binders subjected to force-ductility test
Authors: Słowik Mieczysław
Published: June 2020

The basic measurement method used to assess the properties of polymer modified bitumens is a tensile test. In this study, PMB specimens of various elastomer SBS content (in the range from 3% to 9%), but a similar penetration, determined at 25°C were tested. In order to evaluate the rheological properties and temperature susceptibility, the Force-Ductility Tests were conducted at 0, 10 and 25°C. On the basis of the obtained results, the values of the maximum force ratio (MFR) were calculated. It could characterize the efficiency of bitumen modification by elastomer addition. Moreover, on the basis of the first tensile force maximum determined at 0 and 25°C, values of the maximum force index (MFI) were calculated. This parameter may be an alternative to commonly used penetration index.
The procedure of capacity estimation for P&R car parks located within metropolitan areas
Authors: Szarata Andrzej
Published: June 2020

The main purpose of the paper is to estimate P&R demand, which can be useful in estimation of its capacity. The proposed approach is based on the assessment of parking location in terms of connections with public transport system, attractiveness of the location and spatial development of surroundings. Within the analysis, the number of Park and Ride trips was estimated. The proposed approach has been applied to six planned locations of Park and Ride system in Warsaw agglomeration and the analyses were conducted on a simulation model of the whole agglomeration.
Transport optimization for ready-mix concrete distribution
Authors: Biruk Sławomir , Tomczak Michał
Published: June 2020

Concrete batching plants are typically equipped with modern automated high-capacity systems and provide high quality products. The plants often dispose of fleets of concrete transport trucks. However, the plants rarely use decision support tools to plan transport routes and schedule production of the mix. The decisions in this respect base on experience of the staff. The paper investigates into the problems of integrated production scheduling and vehicle routing. A concept of mathematical model for vehicle routing optimization was proposed. If implemented, it is expected to improve plant operations so that more orders can be completed and the plant potential can be utilized more efficiently to the customer’s satisfaction, offering the plant competitive advantage in this demanding business.
LCA as a tool for road authorities in decision making process
Authors: Nurzyński Karol , Panek Aleksander
Published: June 2020

This work presents an introduction to LCA as a method for analysis of design variants for better decision-making process in infrastructural projects. Law and formal issues were analysed as a start point for this work. Current Polish law acts were compiled together with the aims pointed out by the European Commission in terms of Sustainable Public Procurement Policy. Authors presented state-of-the-art in LCA certification systems for road infrastructure projects including Greenroads rating system and currently being developed within the funds of the 7. Framework Programme ECOLABEL project.
Construction project budgeting including time buffers and costs
Authors: Połoński Mieczysław
Published: June 2020

The proposed method presented in this article concerns cost estimating of projects, including contingency. It points to the possibility of application of time buffers for this purpose. From the practical point of view, the enhanced calculation at the planning stage of works, taking into account cost contingency, is important and meets the expectations of owners, who tend to exceed the planned costs of investment without considering reserve costs.

The implementation of the calculation is relatively simple, and basically requires one person to be acquainted with the planned costs of particular tasks, even in a deterministic way. This article presents the assumptions of the proposed method and a calculation example involving a real construction object. Depending on the data available to the planner, the results are presented concerning the calculations of the amount of cost contingency of the entire project by way of seven variants of calculation. With reference to the provided example, depending on the applied method, the increase of the cost of the entire undertaking ranges from 21-36 % of the costs of the entire project. The highest contingency costs were obtained by using the risk analysis method (35-36 %). Other methods gave consistent results within the range of 21-26% of the costs of the entire object.

In the conclusion, a continuous curve is shown depicting an increase of costs during the planned works.
Inference processes in incomplete knowledge systems in engineering projects
Authors: Szelka Janusz , Wrona Zbigniew
Published: June 2020

A substantial number of engineering problems can be qualified as heuristic ones. Inference processes, allowing for their solution, are most frequently performed with rule-based expert systems. Such systems, however, are significantly limited by their possibility of inference only if complete knowledge is possessed, which is not always the case in practice (in particular in crisis situations). It is then indispensable to employ other methods and tools. Given the specificity of engineering projects, it seems that case-based reasoning (CBR) is an appropriate solution in this respect. In conjunction with rule-based inference mechanisms, it may constitute a complementary solution, allowing for efficient inference in problem situations in which the level of knowledge completeness varies.
Extreme reduction of on-resistance in vertical GaN p–n diodes by low dislocation density and high carrier concentration GaN wafers fabricated using oxide vapor phase epitaxy method
Authors: Takino Junichi , Sumi Tomoaki , Okayama Yoshio , Kitamoto Akira , Imanishi Masayuki , Yoshimura Masashi , Asai Naomi , Ohta Hiroshi , Mishima Tomoyoshi , Mori Yusuke
Published: June 2020

Low dislocation density and low-resistance GaN wafers are in high demand for improving the performance of vertical GaN power devices. Recently, GaN wafers with the dislocation density of 8.8 × 104 cm−2 and the resistivity of 7.8 × 10−4 Ω cm, were fabricated using oxide vapor phase epitaxy (OVPE). In this study, GaN p–n diodes on GaN wafers prepared by the OVPE method were evaluated for verifying their suitability as vertical GaN power devices. An extremely low-differential specific on-resistance of 0.08 mΩ cm2 and a high breakdown voltage of 1.8 kV were obtained from forward and reverse I–V measurements.
Clustering method for spread pattern analysis of corona-virus (COVID-19) infection in Iran
Authors: Azarafza Mehdi , Azarafza Mohammad , Akgün Haluk
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 is outbreak from China and infected more than 131,652 people and caused 7,300 deaths in Iran. Unfortunately, the infection numbers and deaths are still increasing rapidly which has put the world on the catastrophic abyss edge. Application of data mining to perform pattern recognition of infection is mainly used for preparing the spread mapping which considered in this work for spatiotemporal distribution assessment and spread pattern analysis of corona-virus (COVID-19) infection in Iran
The missing link in the pathogenesis of corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Majeed Amer , Khan Tariq Hayat
Published: June 2020

Over the period of four months, corona virus has conquered the world. The rapidity of the spread of the disease from country to country, and the rapidity of the clinical deterioration of the patients perplexed the medical fraternity. Every day, extremely variable presentation of the signs and symptoms in the same patient as well as from the different patients, left the treating physicians guessing about the most fitting model of pathogenesis and the most suitable or effective treatment modality.
Accuracy of digital palpation and laryngeal handshake in identification of cricothyroid membrane: An observational study
Authors: Wyeen Khor Whuan , Masri Syarifah Noor Nazihah Sayed , Yusof Aliza Mohammad , Izaham Azarinah , Mahdi Siti Nidzwani Mohammad , Nor Nadia Md
Published: June 2020

Background: Evaluation of the anterior neck anatomy is essential to identify the cricothyroid membrane (CTM) before invasive surgical airway. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of cricothyroid membrane identification done by digital palpation (DP) method and laryngeal handshake palpation (LHP).
Evaluation of the effects of dexmedetomidine on liver damage secondary to renal ischemia-reperfusion
Authors: Seyfi Kartal , Ahmet Şen , Levent Tümkaya , Abdullah Özdemir , Tolga Mercantepe , Adnan Yılmaz
Published: June 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatic protective effects of dexmedetomidine in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

 Methodology: Rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups (n = 6); control (C) group, ischemia / reperfusion (I/R) group, (D + I/R) group which dexmedetomidine was given and I/R was administered.
MODIFIED MASS SELECTION WITHIN CORN SYNTHETIC VARIETY
Authors: Baktash F.Y.
Published: June 2020

This research  was undertaken to evaluate five cycles of modified mass selection to improve grain yield in synthetic corn (Zea mays L.) variety IPA-5018. The selection was carried out in spring and fall seasons, during, 2013-2015 using 10% selection intensity. The five  populations obtained after selection and the original population were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five replications. The results were revealed a significant differences among selection cycles in grain yield and some yield components.  The cycle five produced highest grain yield (9699.30 kg.ha-1) and increased 34.88% to the original population. The regression of grain yield, number of grains.ear-1 and grain weight to selection cycles were significantly linear and R2 more than 80%. We  concluded that the  modified mass selection  could be used successfully in improving the grain yield and some yield components of  corn synthetic varieties.
EFFECT OF POTASH FERTILIZATION AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF IRON AND ZINC ON GROWTH TRAITS OF TWO GENOTYPES OF MUNG BEAN
Authors: & Al-Jumaily Abdalgafor
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted in Ehssayvillage-Amria-Fallujah district in Al-Anbar governorate during the spring season of 2012 and 2013 in order to study the effect of potassium fertilizer and foliar nutrition of iron and zinc in growth traits of two mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes. Factorial arrangement was used in RCBD with three replicates.The experiment included three levels of potassium (0, 60 and 120) kg K.ha-1, four treatments of foliar application of zinc and iron  (0, Fe150, Zn100 and Fe150 + Zn100) mg.L-1 and two mung bean genotype (Local and indian VC6089A10) .The local genotype gave the highest rate of number of leaves per plant(38.26 and27.73) leaf.plant-1, leaf area(18.62 and18.57) dm2.plant-1 and biological yield( 2.62 and  2.21) t.ha-1 for the two seasons respectively , while the indian genotype gave the highest rate of plant height (50.34 and 52.20) cm and also gave the lowest number of days from planting to maturity of pods for both seasons respectively. The level 60 kg K.ha-1 record the highest rate of plant height, number of leaves per plant , leaf area(16.57and16.05) dm2.plant-1 and biological yield(2.89and (2.17t.ha-1 for the two seasons respectively, while level 120 kg K.ha-1 gave the highest rate of the number of branches per plants(6.7and 4.86) branches.plant-1 and also gave the lowest number of days from planting to maturity of pods for both seasons respectively . So the concentration (Fe150 + Zn100) mg.L-1 from the foliar nutrition of iron and zinc gave highest rate of plant height(48.38)cm, number of branches per plants (6.47) branches.plant-1  and leaf area(14.91) dm2.plant-1 for the first seasons only . The interaction between local genotype with 60 kg K.ha-1gave the heighest rate of number of leaves per plant and leaf area(22.57  and 21.34) dm2.plant-1  for two seasons respectively .So the interaction between local genotype and concentration (Fe150+Zn100) mg.l-1 gave the highest rate of leaf area for the first seasons only. The interaction between the level 60 kg K.ha-1 of potassium and the concentration  Fe150  mg.l-1 from the foliar nutrition of iron showed significant superiority in leaf area (18.97 and 19.30) dm2.plant-1 for both seasons respectively.So the triple interaction between local genotype with level 60 kg K.ha-1 of potassium and concentration (Fe 150+  Zn 100)mg.l-1 from foliar nutrition of iron and  zinc (V1K1F3) was significant effect in number of leaves per plant and leaf area for both seasons.
EFFECT OF SOWING BY DIFFERENT SEEDING RATES ON QUALITATIV TTIATS OF FOUR WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVAR SEEDS
Authors: & et al. Saudi
Published: June 2020

This experiment was carried out at laboratories of Agriculture and Marshes College , University of Thi-Qar and at laboratories of agriculture  college , university of  Basra  during 2013 - 2014 . The aim of this study was to    identify the effect of the different seeding rates (80,100,120 and 140 kg.ha-1)  on viability and quality characters of  four wheat cultivars ( Abu-Ghraib, IPA – 99 , Al-fatih and Al-Iraq ) seeds . Factorial experiments in CRD was used with four replication in two factors . The results showed that there were significant differences between two factors of study and their interaction. The seeds produced  from seeding rate 80 kg.ha-1 gave the higher averages of field emergence , standard germination , radical length , seedling dry weight and protein percentage ( 81.18 % , 91.03 % , 7.92 cm , 5.23 gm and 13.71 % ), respectively . The seeds produced from  seeding rate 100 kg.ha-1  gave the higher averages  of  first count test and  plumule length ( 74.35 % and  6.45 cm ), respectively . The seeds produced from  seeding rate 120 kg.ha-1  gave the higher averages  of  carbohydrate percentage (61.27) . Al-Iraq seeds gave the higher averages of  field emergence , first count test  , standard germination , radical length , plumule length , seedling dry weight and  carbohydrate percentage ( 86.23% , 72.68 % , 93.22% , 8.51 cm , 6.88 cm , 5.83 gm and 61.65% ) , respectively. Abu-Ghraib seeds gave the higher averages of  protein percentage (13.94 ). Al-Iraq seeds  produced from  seeding  rate 80 kg.ha-1 gave the higher averages of  field emergence ,  radical length and seedling dry weight ( 89.14% , 8.87 cm and 6.65 gm ), respectively . Al-Iraq seeds that  product from  seed rate 100 kg.ha-1 gave the higher averages of first count test  , standard germination and plumule length ( 79.00% , 95.98% and 7.83 cm ), respectively . Al-Iraq seeds that  product from  seed rate 120 kg.ha-1 gave the higher averages of carbohydrate percentage ( 61.92% ). Abu-Ghraib seeds  that  product  from  seed rate 100 kg.ha-1 gave the higher average of protein percentage(14.25).
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FIELD AND GENETIC FOR SOME SIXTH RADIO GENERATION MUTANTS IN TOMATO
Authors: & et al. Alwan
Published: June 2020

The study was conducted at the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape  Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad " Abu Ghraib"  during the growing seasons 2013-2014  to Evaluate the Vegetative growth , yield  traits  and genetic parameter  of some tomato  mutants. Results showed significantly increased of plant height in M6-2 mutant 245cm in Comparison with M6-3 130 cm . M6-4 mutant significantly increasing of floral clusters 13 . Mutant M6-3 showed significantly increasing the average of, fruit weight 125.9g and plant yield 7.17 kg.plant-1 as comparison with M6-2 which showed decreasing of average of fruit weight and plant yield 79.40g and 4.38 kg.plant-1 respectively. Also results showed the highest Genetic variation components in plant height and average of fruit weight. The highest percentage of heritability in the broad sense plant height, floral clusters and average of fruit weight Analysis Hierarchical clustering showed that mutant was distributed in two groups the first group included mutants with M6-3 and  M6-4 , while the second group  included mutants  M6-2 and  M6-1.
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM ZINC AND GIBBERELIC ACID ON YIELD AND SOME FRUIT QUALITY OF POMEGRANATE CV. SALIMY
Authors: & Ali Jumaa
Published: June 2020

The study was carried out during the growing season 2013 in a private orchard in Diyala Governorate on pomegranate trees Punica granatum L. cv. Salimy which were nine old  years, all trees that chosen had uniform in size and growth were trained on three trunks and planted at 4×4m  to study the effect of three levels of potassium sulfate  (0, 1500, 3000 mg.K.L-1) and three levels of Zinc (0, 500, and 1000 mg.Z.L-1) and three levels of Gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 20 and 40 mg.L-1) on quality and quantity of fruit yield, A factorial experiment with three replicate was carried out according to the (RCBD) using one tree on experimental unit, the experimental results showed: Potassium achieved by concentration 3000 mg.L-1 significant decrease in the fruit cracking by 18.70%, As led to increasing in yield and some of the physical qualities of fruit as fruit yield increased, fruit weight, the proportions 41.22% and 11.48% respectively, as well as with zinc as the sprayed concentration of 1000 mg.L-1  cause a decrease of 13.86% fruits cracked, and achieved a significant increase  in  fruit yield, fruit weight, As GA3 did not have a significant effect on the qualities above, the results have shown that overlap the study showed a significant  influence factors in reducing fruits drop and cracked  and improve the physical qualities of the fruit. The results showed that the proportion of total soluble solids (TSS) were not significantly affected by three study factors and increased vitamin -C- , as a result of spraying potassium concentration 3000 mg.L-1 by 20.51% , and 8.75% at 1000 mg.L-1 of zinc, GA3 achieved  increase in  vitamin -C- by 5.66%, showed the interaction a significant effects in qualities of the above with varying proportions depending on the type of factor and its concentration  added .
ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF PRICE POLICY ON WHEAT PRODUCTION IN IRAQ BY USING POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX (PAM)
Authors: & MUDHI MOHAMMED
Published: June 2020

The objectives of this study are to analyses the impact of price policy on wheat production in Iraq through its efficiency in resource allocation using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) technique. This study depends basically on primary data collected from a random sample consisted of 115 farms, The sample has been divided into three subclasses, the first one area was less than 50 donum consisted of 64 farms, the second one area was between 50 – 100 donum and consisted of 33 farm, the third one area was more than 100 donum and consisted of 18 farm. The objective of this study is to analyses the impact of price policy on wheat production in Iraq. By estimation of policy analysis matrix elements, revenue transfers, tradable input transfers, factors transfers, were calculated which were revenue (654,584,455,553) and (348, 357, 275, 339) thousand dinars/donum in private and social price to three classes and the sample total consecutively, tradable input  (100,107,112,104) and (76,86,87,79) thousand dinars/donum in private and social price to three classes and the sample total consecutively, factors (254,211,177,230) and (260, 214,179,234) thousand dinars/donum in private and social price to three classes and the sample total consecutively, Net transfer was about (197,209,158,193) thousand dinars/donum to three classes and the sample total consecutively. The results of this study showed that the price policy used by government was encouraging producers in short run and also showed that wheat production had large support from government while inputs were not subsidized, the study also showed that private profits were more than social profits. Results also showed that wheat production in Iraq has a comparative advantage and internationally competitive. Finally the study arrived at some conclusions and recommendations according to conclusion.
AN ECONOMIC ANALISYS FOR PRICING POLICY AND POLICY OF FORIGEN TRADE OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN IRAQ DURING 2003-2013
Authors: & Mohammed Al-Badri
Published: June 2020

There is no doubt that Agricultural Policy is the main responsible for the degrading in Agricultural sector in Iraq during the period 2003-2013, and that was very clear from magnitude of indicators because of little sharing of each of agricultural product in GDP  because it was (9.38%) in average during the study period and the annual changing of it was negative (-5.82%), and there is increasing in deficit of trade balance in Agriculture during the study period about (4185.73) million US$, and the percentage of agricultural exports from total exports was (0.14%) in average only. The foreign trade policy in Agricultural products also cannot determine map of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) of Agricultural products and crops. The study showed that there is continuous deficit in agricultural price policy because the agricultural producer is still receive prices for strategically crops less than world prices and that was showed by Net Nominal Protection Coefficients (NNPC) and although of the improvement than before 2003 but it is not paralleled with importance of Agricultural sector.