bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of flexible substrate nature covered with ITO on the characteristics of organic heterostructures fabricated by laser deposition techniques
Authors: Socol M. , Preda N. , Costas A. , Petre G. , Stanculescu A. , Stavarache I. , Popescu-Pelin G. , Iftimie S. , Stochioiu A. , Catargiu A. M. , Socol G.
Published: December 2024

Laser thin layer deposition technologies were applied to develop organic heterostructures on flexible transparent conductive electrode (TCE). Flexible substrates such as flexible glass (FG), polyethersulfone (PES), amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (PET-A) and biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate (PET-B) were employed to assess the influence of the substrate type on the optical and electrical characteristics of the organic devices. For comparison reason, the organic heterostructures were fabricated on rigid glass substrate and commercially available indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated PET. Hence, flexible and rigid glass substrates were coated with ITO film by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at low fluence, subsequently a blend layer based on zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and N, N′-bis-(1-dodecyl)perylene-3,4,9,10 tetracarboxylic diimide (AMC14) being deposited by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) on the TCE film. The investigations evidenced that the roughness and the substrate type can strongly influence the properties of the ITO layer deposited by PLD as well as the optical and electrical characteristics of the organic heterostructures based on the blend layer deposited by MAPLE. Thus, the lowest roughness (0.8 nm) and the best Hall mobility (41.9 cm2/Vˑs) were achieved for ITO coatings deposited on flexible glass substrate. Also, the highest current density value (9.3 × 10− 4 A/cm2 at 0.5 V) was reached for the organic heterostructures fabricated on this type of flexible substrate.
A Generalization of Quantum Lakshmibai-Seshadri Paths for an Arbitrary Weight
Authors: Kouno Takafumi , Naito Satoshi
Published: December 2024

We construct an injective weight-preserving map (called the forgetful map) from the set of all admissible subsets in the quantum alcove model associated to an arbitrary weight. The image of this forgetful map can be explicitly described by introducing the notion of “interpolated quantum Lakshmibai-Seshadri (QLS for short) paths”, which can be thought of as a generalization of quantum Lakshmibai-Seshadri paths. As an application, we reformulate, in terms of interpolated QLS paths, an identity of Chevalley type for the graded characters of Demazure submodules of a level-zero extremal weight module over a quantum affine algebra, which is a representation-theoretic analog of the Chevalley formula for the torus-equivariant K-group of a semi-infinite flag manifold.
Exploitation of a marine subsidy by a terrestrial invader
Authors: Winters Christopher , Jurgela Grace , Holway David
Published: December 2024

Intertidal environments receive energy from marine ecosystems in the form of marine wrack, which makes up the base of a food web that includes both intertidal and terrestrial consumers. Consumption of wrack by terrestrial consumers can elevate their abundance and alter how they interact with organisms in adjacent terrestrial environments. Although rarely documented, terrestrial invaders may exploit marine wrack subsides and potentially disrupt intertidal and terrestrial food webs. Here, we examine consumption of marine wrack resources by the introduced Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), which occurs commonly on beaches in southern California. In controlled trials the Argentine ant readily scavenged arthropod detritivores (amphipods and flies) abundant in wrack. In spite of obvious risks (e.g., exposure to tides, desiccation, thermal stress) associated with intertidal foraging, Argentine ant activity on beaches was comparable to that in spatially-paired, scrub environments. Foraging on beaches allowed ants to access higher densities of arthropod prey and carrion compared to those found in scrub environments. Stable isotope analyses provide evidence for extensive assimilation of marine-derived resources. Values of δ15N and δ13C for the Argentine ant were higher at beach sites than at scrub sites, and Argentine ant δ15N values broadly overlapped those of intertidal consumers at beach sites. Although ants are known to forage in intertidal environments, this study provides a novel example of an introduced ant species exploiting a cross-boundary subsidy.
Unraveling the link between language barriers and cancer risk
Authors: Toraih Eman A. , Hussein Mohammad H. , Malik Manal S. , Malik Alaa N. , Kandil Emad , Fawzy Manal S.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Clear patient communication with the physician is an integral aspect of cancer treatment and successful health outcomes. Previous research has shown improved cancer screening in cases of patient navigator assistance to limited English proficient patients, but no research has analyzed the relationship between language isolation and cancer incidence rates in the United States.

Methods

Using state-level data from the United States Census Bureau and the National Cancer Institute, we analyzed the correlations between language isolation and age-adjusted incidence rates across 19 different invasive cancers.

Results

A complex relationship between language isolation and cancer incidence rates was found. States such as California, New York, Texas, and New Jersey show high language isolate prevalence and elevated cancer incidence rates. Cancer subtype incidence rates varied between states, indicating the multifactorial importance of lifestyle, genetics, and environment in cancer. California had the highest language isolation ranking of 8.5% and elevated rates of ovarian (10.4/100,000) and stomach (9.1/100,000) cancers. New York, with the second-highest language isolation ranking of 7.6%, manifests a pronounced prevalence of ovarian (11.3/100,000) and stomach (10.9/100,000) cancers. Overall, positive correlations were observed between language isolation and ovarian/stomach cancers, while negative correlations were found with lung, kidney, melanoma, and colorectal cancers.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes the need to address language barriers and other social determinants of health in cancer prevention/control. Targeted interventions, such as culturally appropriate education, increased access to linguistically and culturally appropriate cancer screening, and language lessons, are crucial in improving health outcomes in linguistically diverse communities.
Understanding Biased Expectation Change in Depression – The Influence of State Affect and Affect Regulation
Authors: Rapo Edith , Milde Christopher , Glombiewski Julia Anna , Kube Tobias
Published: December 2024

Purpose

People with depression tend to hold on to negative expectations despite positive expectation-disconfirming experiences. Research has made progress on understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying these problems, however, knowledge about affective mechanisms is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the influence of affect and affect regulation on expectation change in depression.

Methods

N = 80 outpatients with depression completed two parts of a performance test. In a randomized order, they received positive feedback after one part and negative feedback after the other part. Participants either received an induction of amusement (n = 40) or sadness (n = 40) before each part of the test. Affect regulation was assessed using self-report measures. Performance expectations were measured before taking the test, after receiving positive feedback, and after receiving negative feedback. Expectation change was defined as the degree to which participants lowered vs. raised their expectations in response to the respective feedback.

Results

Expectation change was larger in response to negative than to positive feedback. Affect did not influence expectation change. The results suggest that baseline expectations and affect regulation influenced expectation change in sad participants.

Conclusion

The results show that people with depression have more difficulty adapting their expectations if new information is positive than if it is negative. State affect, however, did not influence expectation change, most likely because the effects of the emotion-inducing video-clips were not long-lasting enough. Our results point out the relevance of further exploring the effect of baseline expectations and affect regulation on expectation change.
Challenging Crimmigration Racialising Politics Through Co-creative Filmmaking with Migrant Sex Workers
Authors: Mai Nick
Published: December 2024

This article analyses how co-creative filmmaking with migrant sex workers challenges the racialised politics of representation and dynamics of crimmigration framing and intervening on them as either criminals or victims. The contribution will draw on two recent films I co-created with Latinx trans women and Chinese cis women living and working in New York and Paris, where sex work is criminalised directly (in the US) or by proxy (in France). The article will also explore how co-creative filmmaking can be a decolonial attempt to challenge the lingering coloniality characterising ethnographic documentaries within the limits posed by the power asymmetries embedded in filmmaking and research, and in relation to the ethical constraints posed by the stigmatisation and criminalisation of their protagonists and co-authors.
Antifungal activity of dimethyl trisulfide and potential biocontrol against Alternaria alternata on postharvest Lycium barbarum
Authors: Qu Huan , Dai Ludan , Guo Zhen , Wang Junjie , Zhang Xiu , Chen Wenjuan , Chen Yang
Published: December 2024

Lycium barbarum, is a medicine-food homology plant, so sustainable control of the postharvest Goji berry black mold caused by Alternaria alternata is particularly critical. In this paper, the impact of dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) on A. alternata was studied, as well as the effects of DMTS on hypha ultrastructure, membrane permeability, reactive oxygen production, and essential enzymes of the cellular defense system. DMTS was shown to significantly inhibit the spore germination and hyphal growth of A. alternata in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that A. alternata cells were separated between cytoplasm and cell wall, organelles such as mitochondria were vacuolate or even disappeared, and the cytoplasm was fused. PI staining, conductivity measurements, and intracellular nucleic acid and protein content measurements showed that the permeability of the cell membrane changed after DTMS treatment, leading to the leakage of intracellular nucleic acid and protein. DMTS could also cause the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), thus causing membrane oxidative damage. Through directly destroying the fungal cell and indirectly inducing membrane damage, DMTS can control the postharvest Goji berry black mold, and is a potential application prospect in the control of postharvest diseases.
The influence of surface–groundwater interactions on nutrient dynamics in urban in-channel treatment systems
Authors: Silveira Fabio C. , Cochrane Thomas A. , Bello-Mendoza Ricardo , Charters Frances
Published: December 2024

In-channel water treatment systems remove excess nutrients through biological, chemical, and physical processes associated with the hyporheic zone. However, the impact of surface and groundwater interactions on these treatment processes is poorly understood. This research aims to assess the influence of varying groundwater conditions (neutral, drainage water, and groundwater seepage) and different bed sediment hydraulic conductivities on nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in in-channel treatment systems. A flume containing bed sediment was used to study changes in surface water quality under different groundwater and bed sediment conditions. Compared to inlet and outlet concentrations, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4-N) levels in the surface water increased by 11–65% and 10–51%, respectively, while nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations decreased by 11% under groundwater seepage conditions. The increase in NH4-N was due to ammonification, while the decrease in NO3-N was due to denitrification and mixing and dilution with the groundwater. The upward groundwater flux through the bed sediment transported both DRP and NH4-N into the surface water. Low hydraulic (LH) conductivity sediment led to greater changes in nutrient concentration than high hydraulic (HH) conductivity sediment (DRP increased by 65% and NH4-N by 51% for LH, compared to 11% and 10% for HH, respectively). However, HH conductivity sediment led to greater variations in pH and Eh values. The findings could assist the design and monitoring of in-channel treatment systems where groundwater and surface water interact.
Employee Job Crafting Behaviour and its Antecedents: A Study of Psychological Safety, Psychological Autonomy, and Task Competence
Authors: Nwanzu Chiyem Lucky , Babalola Sunday Samson
Published: December 2024

Proactive employee behaviour (e.g., job crafting) and aligning jobs with abilities, needs, and preferences have been accorded with the potential for several organisationally desirable outcomes. This study addresses two gaps in the existing literature: the lack of empirical research on the inherent predisposition of psychological safety (PS), psychological autonomy (PA), and task competence (TC) to JCB and the limited investigation of the underlying mechanisms in these relationships. This study uses job demands-resources theory to examine the influence of PS, PA, and TC on JCB and the moderating role of job crafting self-efficacy in these relationships. A statistical regression test (aided by Process Micro) was applied to the data. The study found that task competence and psychological autonomy significantly influenced job-crafting behaviour, while psychological safety did not. Job crafting self-efficacy moderated these effects, with psychological safety being more impactful when self-efficacy is low. This study contributes to understanding JCB’s antecedents and boundary conditions, and the job demand-job resource theoretical model is a valuable organisational factor needed to address this knowledge gap, thus providing insights for theory-building and practical interventions. As JCB and its proposed antecedents are malleable, this study highlights the potential resources to improve JCB in the workplace.
The contemporary Polish borders in a state of change
Authors: Więckowski Marek
Published: December 2024

The paper develops a conceptual framework for interpreting the process of border changes in Poland since 1945. In this article, the author presents directions of change, and the functions, characterising Poland’s borders. A synthesis of relevant literature on borders shows how the specific functions of borderlands can be categorised into at least four overarching types, including by reference to barriers, peripherality and isolation, line of differentiation, and axis of integration. This then gains verification through empirical analysis of processes actually taking place along the borders of Poland. It proves possible to identify and take account of periods of isolation, transformation and European integration. However, the analysis also takes account of the most recent phenomena characterising the last few years (2020–2024), during which the Polish borders have moved back in a “rebordering” direction. The Author proposes the new concept of dynamic (cyclical) change of border function types after using Polish borders as an example of empirical analysis.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Beliefs on the Subject-Specific Use of Digital Media in Biology Classrooms
Authors: Funke Maja , Bergmann-Gering Alexander , Müller Kai , Zabel Jörg
Published: December 2024

Pre-service teacher (PST) training in Germany largely fails to prepare prospective teachers adequately for the subject-specific use of digital media. In order to promote their digital competences as well as their intention to use digital media, teacher training needs to adapt. Utilizing Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study aims to identify beliefs on the subject-specific use of different digital media in biology classroom. Within a weekly course on different scientific inquiry methods, pre-service biology teachers used various digital media and wrote reflections on advantages and disadvantages of the digital media they used. Through analysis of these written reflections (n = 85) it was possible, to differentiate the TPB constructs into 38 subcategories. Across all media, we were able to identify most beliefs in the area of behavioral and control beliefs, while normative beliefs and self-efficacy expectations were rarely expressed. At the level of the inductive categories, however, the beliefs were often expressed with different frequencies depending on the medium used. The results allow a more subject-specific differentiation of TPB’s constructs for digital media use in order to design a measuring instrument to evaluate biology teacher training courses. In addition, the results indicate that PSTs’ intention to use digital media in the biology classroom also differs depending on the medium used. These findings provide actionable insights for the design of teacher training programs that specifically target beliefs, i.e. by confronting PSTs with a variety of different digital tools, to enhance the effective use of digital media in biology classrooms.
Impact of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Minder Judith , Mannhart Diego , Brunner Sarah , Di Bari Gianluca , Knecht Sven , Krisai Philipp , Nestelberger Thomas , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Leibundgut Gregor , Kaiser Christoph , Mueller Christian , Osswald Stefan , Sticherling Christian , Kühne Michael , Badertscher Patrick
Published: December 2024

Background

New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) complicating ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains clinically challenging. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of NOAF, identify risk factors for the development of atrial fibrillation (AF), and analyze the impact on patient care, therapy, and outcomes during long-term follow-up.

Methods

This retrospective single-center study reviewed consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) for acute STEMI between May 2015 and September 2023. Patients were stratified in NOAF, defined as AF diagnosed during the index hospitalization or within 12 months of follow-up, AF prior to the hospitalization for STEMI, and patients with no AF.

Results

We analyzed 1301 consecutive patients undergoing CAG for STEMI. NOAF was detected in 112 patients (9.8%), and 68 patients (5.2%) had prior AF. NOAF patients were 74% males, with a mean age of 69 ± 11 years. During a median follow-up of 683 days, the rates of stroke were 10% in patients with NOAF compared to 3.8% (p = 0.001) in patients without AF. Major bleeding occurred in 7% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.001, and death in 16% vs. 6.8%, p < 0.001 of patients with NOAF vs. no AF.

Conclusion

NOAF was detected in almost 1 out of 10 STEMI patients and was associated with a higher rate of stroke, major bleeding, and death as in patients with no AF and with similar rates compared with prior AF. Future studies assessing optimal anticoagulation therapy in this challenging patient population are warranted.

Graphical abstract

Central illustration: New-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Inclusion criteria, stratification, and outcome data of AF and no AF patients in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. AF atrial fibrillation, NOAF new-onset atrial fibrillation
Alpha-helices as alignment reporters in residual dipolar coupling analysis of proteins
Authors: Shen Yang , Smith Marshall J. , Louis John M. , Bax Ad
Published: December 2024

Inclusion of residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) during the early rounds of protein structure determination requires use of a floating alignment tensor or knowledge of the alignment tensor strength and rhombicity. For proteins with interdomain motion, such analysis can falsely hide the presence of domain dynamics. We demonstrate for three proteins, maltotriose-ligated maltose binding protein (MBP), Ca2+-ligated calmodulin, and a monomeric N-terminal deletion mutant of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease, MPro, that good alignment tensor estimates of their domains can be obtained from RDCs measured for residues that are identified as α-helical based on their chemical shifts. The program, Helix-Fit, fits the RDCs to idealized α-helical coordinates, often yielding a comparable or better alignment tensor estimate than fitting to the actual high-resolution X-ray helix coordinates. The 13 helices of ligated MBP all show very similar alignment tensors, indicative of a high degree of order relative to one another. By contrast, while for monomeric MPro the alignment strengths of the five helices in the C-terminal helical domain (residues 200–306) are very similar, pointing to a well-ordered domain, the single α-helix Y54-I59 in the N-terminal catalytic domain (residues 10–185) aligns considerably weaker. This result indicates the presence of large amplitude motions of either Y54-I59 or of the entire N-terminal domain relative to the C-terminal domain, contrasting with the high degree of order seen in the native homodimeric structure.
Starving and deceiving: Are politicians with childhood famine exposure more honest?
Authors: Chen Shuo , Fan Xinyu , Wang Xuanyi
Published: December 2024

Dishonest politicians can jeopardize economic development. How do disasters change politicians’ incentives to lie? We employ a difference-in-differences approach to show that public officials who were exposed to China’s 1959–1961 famine as children (aged 0–6 years) are less likely to manipulate local GDP calculations; the reduction is more significant for officials who were more severely impacted by the disaster. We further reveal that famine-exposed local politicians take stronger moral stances on honesty, and are thus more reluctant to lie. The paper highlights how fraudulent policymaking in the past alters society’s long-term welfare through changing future government officials’ behaviors.
The influence of mode of remote delivery on health-related quality of life outcome measures in British Sign Language: a mixed methods pilot randomised crossover trial
Authors: Rogers Katherine D. , Marsden Antonia , Young Alys , Evans Chris
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Little is known about the efficacy of remotely delivered outcome measures (psychological/health-related assessments) in a signed language for Deaf people. The objective is to explore the equivalence of two modes of remote delivery of health-related quality of life outcome measures in British Sign Language (BSL): asynchronous online assessment versus synchronous live face-to-face online assessment in sign language.

Methods

Thirty-one participants were recruited through Deaf networks and sign language media. Measures used were validated BSL versions of the EQ-5D-5L, EQ-VAS and CORE-10. A randomised, crossover trial was conducted between March and May 2023 with seventeen first receiving asynchronous assessment and sixteen first receiving synchronous live online assessment. This study explored whether the outcomes of the two assessments are equivalent regardless of modality of delivery. Demographic data were collected, and eight participants took part in semi-structured qualitative interviews exploring modality preferences and the impact of each modality.

Results

The mean difference between pre-recorded and live modes was 0.034 for EQ-5D-5L BSL (90% CI 0.015–0.051), 4.33 mean difference for EQ-VAS BSL (90% CI 0.697–8.083), and mean difference of 0.17 for CORE-10 BSL (90% CI − 1.4065 to 1.1775). The confidence intervals for each of the EQ-5D-5L BSL, EQ-VAS BSL, and CORE-10 BSL lie within the prespecified equivalence margins which suggested that the two modes are equivalent.

Conclusion

The results demonstrate that EQ-5D-5L BSL, EQ-VAS BSL, and CORE-10 BSL may be considered as equivalent across modes of remote delivery. This further strengthens the validation of existing standardised assessments in BSL.

A BSL version of the abstract is available in Supplementary Video 1.
Stroke and Sexual Health: A Systematic Review of Psychological Interventions Aimed at Improving Sexual Health of Stroke Survivors
Authors: Brandão Rita , Vasconcelos Priscila , Pereira Raquel , Quinta-Gomes Ana Luísa
Published: December 2024

To systematically review the existing literature on the efficacy of psychological interventions aimed at improving the sexual health of stroke survivors. A database search was conducted at MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, EBSCO (APA PsycINFO and APA PsycArticles), and The Cochrane Library. PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. Manuscripts were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I, Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias Tool, and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies (JBI-CACS). From an initial 1053 publications identified, five studies were included in the present study. The study designs of the selected studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, a cross-sectional study, and a case study. The predominant intervention model used in most studies was the PLISSIT model. No studies using a digital-delivered format were identified. This research underscores the potential benefits of tailored interventions for promoting sexual health in stroke survivors and highlights areas for future research.
ICT Use, Self-efficacy, and the Future of Eighth-Grade Students: a Qualitative Study of Gender Differences
Authors: Caeli Elisa Nadire , Caviglia Francesco , Bundsgaard Jeppe
Published: December 2024

In this study, we have examined gender differences in the way students relate to information and communication technologies (ICT), to learn more about their perceptions of gender-based stereotypes in this area. This study is based on the results of the 2018 International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS), specifically regarding gender differences in responses identified in the Danish results (Bundsgaard et al., 2019). Whereas the results of the ICILS make visible important gender-related concerns, it does not examine the reasons that students complete the tasks and answer the questions as they do. This study seeks to address this. In 2022, we interviewed 44 Danish eighth-grade students in groups, and introduced them to the results of the ICILS 2018, which showed gender differences related to ICT use, studying and working with ICT in the future, and ICT self-efficacy. They were asked to discuss whether the results surprised them, what they thought caused the differences, and whether/how they thought these differences should be eliminated. This study reveals that stereotypes exist in the minds of the students, and that stereotypes contribute to the differences. However, many of the students do not regard gender differences in ICT as a problem. Based on our analysis, we argue that students need a broader conception of what ICT is, and how computers are used in society, which means that aspects of computer science need to be introduced in primary and secondary education.
The CT collateral map: collateral perfusion estimation and baseline lesion assessment after acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke
Authors: Ki Hee Jong , Roh Hong Gee , Kwak Jin Tae , Kim In Seong , Park Jeong Jin , Jeon Yoo Sung , Yang Hyun , Jung Sumin , Lee Ji Sung , Kim Hyun Jeong
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To investigate the clinical feasibility of a CT collateral map compared with an MRA collateral map, focusing on collateral perfusion (CP) estimation and baseline lesion assessment in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Materials and Methods

This retrospective analysis used selected data from a prospectively collected database. We generated CT collateral maps derived from CT perfusion, encompassing images of arterial, capillary, early venous (CMEV), late venous, and delay phases. Three raters assessed CP scores from MRA and CT collateral maps and CMEV lesion volumes. Lesion volumes of baseline diffusion-weighted imaging (bDWI) and cerebral blood flow rate (CBF) < 30% were automatically measured by the software. The agreement between MRA and CT collateral maps in CP estimation and the correlation between lesion volumes with a CBF < 30% and the CMEV for bDWI lesion volumes were analyzed.

Results

One-hundred ten patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 71 ± 14; 60 women) with AIS due to steno-occlusion of the internal carotid and/or middle cerebral arteries were included. The agreement between the MRA and CT collateral maps in CP grading was excellent (weighted κ = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90–0.97). The concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) of the CBF < 30% and CMEV for bDWI lesion volumes were 0.76 (95% CI, 0.60–0.91) and 0.97 (0.95–0.98), respectively.

Conclusion

The clinical feasibility of the CT collateral map is demonstrated by its significant correlation with the MRA collateral map in CP estimation and baseline lesion assessment.
Wie geht es Lehramtsstudierenden? Depressionssymptomatik angehender Lehrkräfte und deren Korrelate
Authors: Weyers Jonas , Pförtner Timo-Kolja , Krull Johanna , Hennemann Thomas , Hanisch Charlotte , König Johannes , Weber Rainer
Published: December 2024

Hintergrund

Während zur Verbreitung depressiver Symptome bei Hochschulstudierenden zahlreiche Studien vorliegen, steht diese Thematik speziell bei Lehramtsstudierenden nur selten im Zentrum. Angesichts der psychosozialen Belastungen im angestrebten Berufsbild können Studien in diesem Bereich wichtige Impulse für die Gestaltung von Präventionsmaßnahmen liefern. Die vorliegende Studie fokussiert auf (1) die Verbreitung depressiver Symptome bei Lehramtsstudierenden und (2) Korrelate im Bereich von Soziodemographie, Persönlichkeit und Studium.

Methode

Eine Stichprobe von 572 Lehramtsstudierenden der Universität zu Köln wurde über eine Online-Befragung erreicht. Die Abfrage depressiver Symptome erfolgte durch den Gesundheitsfragebogen für Patienten (PHQ-D). Zusätzlich wurden soziodemographische Merkmale, die Big Five sowie Merkmale und Erleben des Studiums erfragt. Die Analyse erfolgte über multiple ordinale logistische Regressionsmodelle zur Vorhersage der Depressionssymptomatik (keine Symptome, leichtgradige Symptome und mittelgradige/schwere Symptome).

Ergebnisse

Etwa ein Drittel der Stichprobe wies mindestens leichtgradige depressive Symptome auf. Eine signifikant höhere Depressionssymptomatik war mit höheren Neurotizismuswerten, einem höheren Belastungserleben im Studium und einer verstärkten berufswahlbezogenen Unsicherheit assoziiert. Darüber hinaus variierte die Depressionssymptomatik signifikant nach Lehramtsform (höhere Werte bei angehenden Lehrkräften der Sekundarstufe I bzw. I und II sowie Sonderpädagogik) und nach Studienabschnitt (höhere Werte bei Bachelor- im Vergleich zu Masterstudierenden).

Schlussfolgerung

Sowohl Eingangsvoraussetzungen (z. B. Neurotizismus) als auch studienbezogene Merkmale (bzw. potenzielle Stressoren) standen signifikant mit depressiven Symptomen in Zusammenhang. Angesicht der psychosozialen Belastungen im Lehrkräfteberuf könnte der Risikofaktor Neurotizismus ein Ansatzpunkt für Präventionsarbeit sein. Eine Integration berufsvorbereitender Angebote, beispielsweise Trainings zur Emotionsregulation, erscheint insbesondere in der Masterphase möglich.
A Moving Target: Firearm Deaths, Mental Health, and the Role of Physicians
Authors: Soliman Layla , Baines-Waiz Omari , Rozel John S. , Blankenship Kelly , Rachal James
Published: December 2024

Purpose of Review

This review aims to provide an updated overview of trends in firearm- related deaths, the mental health impact on communities, and clinical and legislative interventions. We examine existing interventions and highlight lesser-known yet impactful strategies, such as incorporating appropriate training in medical education on firearm safety. Additionally, we explore the broader impacts of firearm violence on community mental health and address the disputed topic of whether mental illness is a driving factor behind mass shootings.

Recent Findings

The rate of firearm suicides has continued to grow in the United States, even as firearm homicides have slightly declined. While the media often attributes mass shootings to the perpetrator having a mental illness, research indicates such symptoms only account for a small subset of shooters. Recent studies highlight the benefits of incorporating firearm safety into professional medical education, which can reduce barriers for healthcare providers when discussing safe storage practices with patients.

While suicide risk is frequently assessed among individuals with mental illnesses due to their heightened risk, other factors should be considered by all clinicians, not just those in mental health. Similarly, certain mental health symptoms may play a role in a small fraction of gun violence, but other risk factors account for most violence risk. Despite the implementation of firearm restriction laws and increased access to mental health resources, gaps remain that must be addressed to reduce not only the rate of suicide by firearm, but also the mental burden the aftermath has on the community.
Investigation of authors’ self-citation in contemporary forensic odontology literature
Authors: Angelakopoulos N. , Polukhin N. , Balla S.B.
Published: December 2024

This bibliometric investigation aimed to analyze trends in author self-citation within prominent forensic odontology literature and explore potential correlations between self-citation rates and publication attributes. We reviewed seven leading forensic sciences journals from 2003 to 2023. For this analysis, we focused on two specific timeframes: 2003–2007 and 2018–2023. Our review encompassed original research articles, reviews, and case reports. Eligible articles underwent detailed examination for article and author attributes and citation metrics. Utilizing univariable and multivariable negative binomial regression analyses, we explored potential associations between the number of self-citations and various publication characteristics. This study analyzed 415 articles related to forensic odontology, of which 237 (57.1%) included at least one self-citation. Key findings highlight prevalent topics such as dental age estimation and human dental identification. A significant portion of the studies involved prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional designs, and there has been a notable increase in the number of reviews and meta-analyses in recent years compared to an equivalent past period. Self-citation was observed in over half of the analyzed articles, with a median total citation count of 31 and a median self-citation rate of 7.5%. Further bibliometric investigation is required to establish definitive conclusions regarding author self-citation patterns in forensic odontology literature, particularly by exploring longer time spans.
Instruments and Measurement Scales for Cognitive Frailty in Midlife: A Systematic Literature Review from 2013 to 2023
Authors: Meza Karina Sofia Lastre , Allegri Ricardo , Barceló Ernesto
Published: December 2024

This study is a systematic review addressing cognitive frailty, measurement instruments, and their impact on comprehensive care for older adults between 2013 and 2023. It seeks to identify findings on the distribution of studies in relation to year, country of publication, and methodology employed, as well as the instruments available to measure cognitive frailty and the scientific evidence supporting its assessment in midlife. We included studies published between 2013 and 2023 that addressed the topic of cognitive frailty and measurement instruments in midlife, excluding papers that did not provide primary data. A systematic search was performed in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Twenty-one studies were identified, of which three presented new instruments for measuring cognitive frailty, eleven focused on the validation and comparison of psychometric properties, and seven examined the assessment of frailty in midlife. Research on instruments for measuring cognitive frailty has grown in the last five years, concentrating on high- and upper-middle-income countries, with a quantitative and cross-sectional methodological approach. Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of scales such as FRAIL and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator predominate, demonstrating efficacy and validity in community settings. Only three studies validate Frailty Indices using longitudinal data in middle-aged population. The review highlights the efficacy and validity of existing instruments, as well as the growth in cognitive frailty research. Strengths include growing research and instrument validation; however, it is limited to high- and upper-middle-income countries. The review suggests increased attention to cognitive frailty, with new instruments incorporating cognitive components, which could improve assessment in midlife.
The Association Study of Targeted DNA Methylation and Thrombophilia
Authors: Kui Xiang , Feng Junfei , Leng Jing , Sun Cong , Tang Qiuheng , Li Haifeng
Published: December 2024

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of leukocytes DNA methylation in targeted sites and thrombophilia.

Methods

Eight thrombophilia patients and their kin-related individuals as the healthy control. Targeted DNA methylation from peripheral leukocytes were examined with MassArray. Multivariate correlation analysis was used to estimate targeted gene methylation as an independent risk factor of thrombophilia. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to calculate the accuracy of biomarkers in the prediction of thrombophilia.

Results

The age of thrombophilia group was higher than control group (P < 0.001). F5.24.CpG.10 and Protein S.44.CpG.29–33 methylation were significantly associated with thrombophilia negatively and positively (r = -0.7289, P < 0.01 and r = 0.5667, P < 0.05). F5.24.CpG.10 methylation was higher in control group (P < 0.01), but Protein S.44.CpG.29–33 methylation increased in thrombophilia group (P < 0.05). The areas under curve of ROC were 0.9297 and 0.8437, respectively.

Conclusion

Target DNA methylation in Protein S.44.CpG.29–33 island is associated with an elevated risk of thrombophilia.
Der Zusammenhang von körperlicher Aktivität, sportmotorischer Leistung und Bewegungsmotivation im späten Kindesalter – eine Querschnittstudie
Authors: Schoser Daria Sophia , Mackenbrock Juliane , Lendt Claas , Froböse Ingo , Wilke Christiane
Published: December 2024

Einleitung

Die aktuelle Forschung zeigt, dass sich Kinder und Jugendliche insgesamt zu wenig bewegen. Ihre körperliche Aktivität nimmt ab, je älter sie werden. Um diese Situation zu ändern, ist es notwendig, ein Verständnis der Faktoren zu erlangen, die ihr Bewegungsverhalten beeinflussen. Dazu wird die Bewegungsmotivation auf Grundlage der Selbstbestimmungstheorie in Zusammenhang mit der sportmotorischen Leistung und der körperlichen Aktivität untersucht.

Methode

Die Querschnittsstudie integrierte 230 Fünftklässler*innen im Alter von 9 bis 11 Jahren aus fünf weiterführenden Schulen einer Großstadt in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Mittels Fragebogen wurden Daten zur „Bedürfnisbefriedigung und Motivation zur Bewegung“, zur „körperlichen Aktivität“ sowie zur „Sportvereinspartizipation“ erhoben. Ergänzend wurde die sportmotorische Leistung mit dem „CHECK!“ getestet. Bivariate Korrelationsanalysen prüften die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Faktoren „Motivation“ und „Aktivität“ sowie „sportmotorische Leistung“. Im Anschluss erfolgte eine multiple lineare Regressionsanalyse, um Auswirkungen der Bewegungsmotivation auf die körperliche Aktivität sowie auf die sportmotorische Leistungsfähigkeit zu eruieren.

Ergebnisse

Die gefundenen Zusammenhänge zwischen selbstbestimmter Motivation, sportmotorischer Leistung und körperlicher Aktivität unterstützen die Annahme, dass Motivation eine wichtige Rolle für die sportmotorische Leistung und die Aktivität von Kindern spielt. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich eine mittlere Korrelation zwischen dem Grundbedürfnis nach Kompetenz und dem Faktor „sportmotorische Leistung“ (r = 0,221; p = 0,045) sowie zwischen der sozialen Eingebundenheit und der „körperlichen Aktivität“ (r = 0,305; p = 0,045).

Diskussion

Aus den Ergebnissen der Regressionsanalyse wird deutlich, dass vor allem die selbstbestimmte Motivation wichtige Hinweise sowohl auf den Grad der körperlichen Aktivität als auch auf die sportmotorische Leistung gibt. Diese Ergebnisse liefern wichtige Erkenntnisse, um potenzielle Interventionen zur Steigerung der motorischen Kompetenz und zur Bewegungsförderung zu entwickeln.
Integrated geological study in an offshore renewable energy test site: a case from the Basque continental shelf (Bay of Biscay, Spain)
Authors: Asensio Iván , Rodríguez-Méndez Lidia , Vegas Néstor , Aranguren Aitor
Published: December 2024

Testing and research centres for offshore renewable energy, exemplified by facilities like BIMEP (Biscay Marine Energy Platform) on the Basque coast of Spain, play a crucial role in driving the energy transition. This study utilises pre-existing data at the facility site, such as high-resolution bathymetry and granulometric information from sediment samples, to conduct a comprehensive geological analysis including both sedimentary and rocky seabed. A litho-structural analysis is presented, including a lithological prediction for the continental shelf, the recognition of the main structures, such as NW-trending folds and predominantly NE-SW oriented fractures, and a detailed fracture analysis. Sedimentary seabeds are analysed through a Seabed Sediment Map, illustrating a granulometry-based NE-SW oriented banded distribution. Bedforms are also studied, they are asymmetric and mainly oriented NE-SW. The Seabed Sediment Map and the bedform analysis reveal the effect of an SE-directed bottom current as the main mechanism controlling sediment mobility. This current matches with the predominant swell from the NW and with the direction of the most energetic waves in the area. This approach could serve as a methodological example, offering a cost-effective means for the preliminary geological characterisation of offshore energy sites, and is crucial for establishing a baseline (‘zero state’) before the deployment. This baseline is essential for evaluating and mitigating the impact of new infrastructure on sediment dynamics, which subsequently affects the overall functioning and health of the marine ecosystem.
On the Modeling of Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Data to Analyze the Early Stage of Phase Separation in Fe-Cr-based Alloys
Authors: Rolinska Monika , Spartacus Gabriel , Youngs Tristan G. A. , Odqvist Joakim , Hedström Peter
Published: December 2024

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a valuable method for the analysis of phase decomposition in Fe-Cr alloys; however, quantification of the decomposition requires careful modeling of the scattering data considering factors such as interface character and short-range order. Here, we quantify the phase decomposition in a high-performance super duplex stainless steel in situ during accelerated aging in the early stage of decomposition by modifying a previously suggested quantitative SANS data modeling method. The proposed revised method can accurately model the SANS data and paves the way for revisiting the detailed phase decomposition kinetics in situ during aging in various Fe-Cr-based alloys.
Lehrer:innen als Influencer:innen
Authors: Grabosch Anna
Published: December 2024

Lehrpersonen, die soziale Medien zu beruflichen Zwecken verwenden und viele Follower:innen haben, werden auch als Bildungsinfluencer:innen bezeichnet. Influencer:innen gelten als einflussreiche Personen, die meist private Einblicke mit gesponsortem Produktmarketing verbinden. Bislang liegen im internationalen Vergleich für Deutschland jedoch wenige empirische Befunde zum Phänomen ‚Lehrer:innen als Influencer:innen‘ vor. Daher ist z. B. noch nicht ausreichend erforscht, wie sie sich selbst in den sozialen Netzwerken präsentieren und ob sie private Einblicke mit Produktmarketing verbinden. Im Beitrag werden 42 Profilbeschreibungen sowie verlinkte Webseiten von Lehrpersonen auf Instagram analysiert. Die von den Lehrkräften frei gestaltbaren, prominent im Feed platzierten Profilbeschreibungen werden dazu genutzt, sich selbst und das Profil in wenigen Worten zu präsentieren, sodass den Profilbeschreibungen eine relevante (selbst-)darstellerische Funktion zugesprochen werden kann. Mit einem inhaltlich-strukturierenden qualitativ-inhaltsanalytischen Vorgehen kann gezeigt werden, wie und mit welchen Themen sich die Lehrer:innen darstellen, aber auch, welche Produkte bzw. Leistungen sie zum käuflichen Erwerb anbieten. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die Lehrkräfte sich überwiegend als engagierte und multitaskingfähige Lehrer:innen, die zusätzliche Rollen (z. B. Autor:in) einnehmen, präsentieren und Produkte/Leistung zum Kauf anbieten, die dem Lehrberuf mittel- oder unmittelbar nahestehen, wie z. B. Lern- und/oder Unterrichtsmaterialien. Die Aktivitäten der Bildungsinfluencer:innen werden vor dem Hintergrund des „unternehmerischen Selbst“ (Bröckling 2019) als neue Form der Ökonomisierung der Bildung gedeutet, in der die Lehrpersonen als autonome Entrepreneur:innen agieren.
Hope for ash conservation and propagation—single individuals can be highly resistant to an invasive pathogen
Authors: Seidel Hannes , Šeho Muhidin , Fussi Barbara
Published: December 2024

Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) has been considered an important candidate species for climate-resilient forest management in Germany. The occurrence of ash dieback, caused by the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, severely limits its use. However, less damaged ash trees in heavily infested stands are observed. This suggests a tree-specific and genetically determined susceptibility to ash dieback. The potential of individual trees for selection and conservation programs has been investigated on 35 clones in a clonal trial and 30 families in a progeny trial since 2014. Ash dieback-related mortality, crown damage, and height growth were examined. Resistance to ash dieback was evaluated based on multi-year observations. Mortality of ramets occurred rapidly and crown damage of clones stabilized, whereas steadily increasing in progeny during the study period. About 34 percent of all offspring (0–56 percent per family) showed high resistance to ash dieback and 10 percent showed also good height growth. Broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability were moderate and comparable to previous studies. We assume that at least some individuals from specific progenies will resist the disease in forest stands. In situ and ex situ conservation strategies should be promoted. Seed orchards with more resistant genotypes could provide less susceptible reproductive material, and breeding programs could help to accelerate the fixation of favorable alleles.
Refined geometric characterizations of weak p-quasiconformal mappings
Authors: Salimov Ruslan , Ukhlov Alexander
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we consider refined geometric characterizations of weak p-quasiconformal mappings $$\varphi :\Omega \rightarrow \widetilde{\Omega }$$

φ
:
Ω
→

Ω
~

, where $$\Omega$$
Ω
and $$\widetilde{\Omega }$$

Ω
~

are domains in $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

. We prove that mappings with bounded geometric p-dilatation on the set $$\Omega {{\setminus }} S$$

Ω
\
S

, where S is a set with $$\sigma$$
σ
-finite $$(n-1)$$

(
n
-
1
)

-measure, are Sobolev $$W^1_{p,\text {loc}}$$

W

p
,
loc

1

-mappings and generate bounded composition operators on Sobolev spaces.