bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of UV Filters into Oil-in-Water Emulsions—Release and Permeability Characteristics
Authors: Olejnik Anna , Goscianska Joanna
Published: June 2023

Unlike in many countries, in the USA, UV filters are treated as drugs and strictly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. So far, 17 physical and chemical sunscreen agents were approved there to protect against the harmful effects of UV irradiation. In the European Union, access to UV filters is much larger, which gives manufacturers more options to create new sunscreen products in the form of lotions, sprays, oils, creams, gels, pastes, and sticks. Recently, concerns have been raised about the potential unfavorable effects of some UV filters that can penetrate the skin and enter into the systematic circulation. In this study, we prepared oil-in-water emulsions containing two commonly applied sunscreen agents, avobenzone and octyl methoxycinnamate. The formulations were characterized by a high stability at room temperature and a pH in the range of 6.02–6.11. The processes of sunscreen agent release and permeation were performed in a receptor fluid with a pH 5.8 using Strat-M and cellulose membranes to mimic the skin. It was proved that octyl methoxycinnamate exhibited different liberation and permeation patterns than avobenzone, mostly due to its higher lipophilicity. Both processes were also influenced by the type of membrane applied. The liberation of UV filters to the receptor fluid via the cellulose membrane depended on their concentration in the emulsion. As the amount of sunscreen agent in the formulation increases, more of its molecules diffuse to the receiving medium after 48 h. The permeation of the UV filters through the Strat-M membrane occurs at a very low level, 2% for octyl methoxycinnamate and 0.3% for avobenzone, which supports the safety and efficacy of the topical formulations obtained.
Research on the Vibration Behavior of Ring–Block Friction Pair Made of Materials of Water-Lubricated Rubber Bearing under Special Operating Conditions
Authors: Zhang Zijian , Zhou Guangwu , Li Peng , Du Luole , He Min
Published: June 2023

A water-lubricated rubber bearing (WLRB) is prone to generate frictional vibration noise under special operating conditions, which seriously affects the acoustic stealth performance of warships and threatens their navigation safety. Meanwhile, the main factor affecting the frictional vibration behavior of a WLRB is the materials of the friction pair. Therefore, this work selects a friction pair composed of a copper ring and a rubber block as the research object and studies the frictional vibration behavior of the ring–block friction pair under low-speed and starting conditions. The real friction coefficient curve is used to establish a transient dynamic finite element analysis model for the ring–block friction pair. The effects of the load, friction coefficient, and Young’s modulus on the frictional vibration behavior under special operating conditions are studied. The analysis’s results show that the frequency of the medium-high frequency friction-induced vibration disappears under low-speed operating conditions when the friction coefficient is below 0.1. During the startup process, even if the friction coefficient is very low, the medium-high frequency friction-induced vibration still exists. The research results provide ideas for future theoretical research and guidance suggestions for engineering practice.
Application of Digital Engineering Methods in Order to Improve Processes in Heterogeneous Companies
Authors: Trojan Jozef , Trebuňa Peter , Mizerák Marek
Published: June 2023

In the presented article, the initial phase is focused mainly on familiarization with the production focus of individual enterprises and their financial security, which provides a basis for the proposal of possible solutions to shortcomings. A more detailed study of production through simulation studies using Process Simulate software provides a more comprehensive view of production in the assessed enterprises, where the current course of production at workplaces is evaluated in detail, and suggestions are then offered to improve the revealed shortcomings. In the end, there is an assessment of the companies from the point of view of homogeneity, so that it is then possible to make an inter-industry comparison of the revealed errors and shortcomings, with the result of finding common recommendations for a wide industrial spectrum.
A Numerical Study of Critical Variables on Artificial Cold Cloud Precipitation Enhancement in the Qilian Mountains, China
Authors: Ren Jing , Zhang Wenyu , Kou Menggang , Ma Yongjing , Zhang Xinyu
Published: June 2023

In this study, a mesoscale Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model coupled with an AgI (silver iodide) cold cloud catalytic module were used to explore the potential impact of the catalytic position and rate in the catalytic module based on a ground rain enhancement operation in the Qilian Mountains, on 16 August 2020. Results show that the simulated precipitation, liquid water content (LWC), and water vapor content (PWV) are in good agreement with the observations, demonstrating that the WRF model using the coupled AgI cloud-seeding scheme is well-applicable to the precipitation simulation of the Qilian Mountains. It is also observed that there are some differences in the catalytic effect of catalysis at different cloud temperatures. The precipitation enhancement effect is the most favorable in the fifth layer of 15 km, followed by that in the fourth layer of 12 km and the sixth layer of 18 km. Considering the flight cost and catalytic efficiency, the fourth layer is highly recommended for seeding. Furthermore, the AgI seeding rate also plays a crucial impact on ground precipitation. In the case of a seeding rate of about 1.2 g·s−1, the precipitation enhancement effect tends to be stable, and the percentage of the precipitation increase reaches up to 10.4%. While in the case of a seeding rate of about 1.5 g·s−1, the percentage of ground precipitation increase is 10%, which is 0.4% lower than that of 1.2 g·s−1. In summary, the introduction of a AgI catalyst with a seeding rate of 1.2 g·s−1 can significantly increase the ground precipitation at a height of 12 km and a temperature of −3 °C in the Qilian Mountains.
Stability Results for the Darboux Problem of Conformable Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Ghania Rebiai , Mchiri Lassaad , Rhaima Mohamed , Hannabou Mohamed , Ben Makhlouf Abdellatif
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we investigate the Darboux problem of conformable partial differential equations (DPCDEs) using fixed point theory. We focus on the existence and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability (UHRS) of the solutions to the problem, which requires finding solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations that satisfy certain boundary conditions. Using fixed point theory, we establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the DPCDEs. We then explore the UHRS of the solutions, which measures the sensitivity of the solutions to small perturbations in the equations. We provide three illustrative examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Using Alternating Minimization and Convexified Carleman Weighted Objective Functional for a Time-Domain Inverse Scattering Problem
Authors: Thành Nguyen Trung
Published: June 2023

This paper considers a 1D time-domain inverse scattering problem for the Helmholtz equation in which penetrable scatterers are to be determined from boundary measurements of the scattering data. It is formulated as a coefficient identification problem for a wave equation. Using the Laplace transform, the inverse problem is converted into an overdetermined nonlinear system of partial differential equations. To solve this system, a Carleman weighted objective functional, which is proved to be strictly convex in an arbitrary set in a Hilbert space, is constructed. An alternating minimization algorithm is used to minimize the Carleman weighted objective functional. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Nitric Oxide in Plant Functioning: Metabolism, Signaling, and Responses to Infestation with Ecdysozoa Parasites
Authors: Graska Jakub , Fidler Justyna , Gietler Marta , Prabucka Beata , Nykiel Małgorzata , Labudda Mateusz
Published: June 2023

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that is involved in a wide range of physiological processes in plants, including responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Changes in endogenous NO concentration lead to activation/deactivation of NO signaling and NO-related processes. This paper presents the current state of knowledge on NO biosynthesis and scavenging pathways in plant cells and highlights the role of NO in post-translational modifications of proteins (S-nitrosylation, nitration, and phosphorylation) in plants under optimal and stressful environmental conditions. Particular attention was paid to the interactions of NO with other signaling molecules: reactive oxygen species, abscisic acid, auxins (e.g., indole-3-acetic acid), salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. In addition, potential common patterns of NO-dependent defense responses against attack and feeding by parasitic and molting Ecdysozoa species such as nematodes, insects, and arachnids were characterized. Our review definitely highlights the need for further research on the involvement of NO in interactions between host plants and Ecdysozoa parasites, especially arachnids.
Secular Trends in the Size and Shape of the Scapula among the Portuguese between the 19th and the 21st Centuries
Authors: Maranho Ruben , Ferreira Maria Teresa , Curate Francisco
Published: June 2023

Potential secular changes in the human scapula are fundamentally unbeknownst, with most of the preceding anatomical studies focusing on long-term changes in the long bones and the skull. As such, the cardinal purpose of this study pertains to the evaluation of secular trends on the shape and size of the scapula in a time period spanning from the 19th to the early 21st centuries. The study sample included 211 individuals (100 males and 111 females) from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection and the 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection. The size and shape of the scapula were evaluated using geometric morphometrics. Results show secular changes over a relatively short period of time in both the shape and size of the scapula in Portuguese nationals. Shape changes were observed in both sexes but expressed minimally, while a significant negative trend in the size of the scapula was detected in males. Scapular size decrement in males conceivably echoes general trends of the overall anatomy towards a narrower body associated with higher standards of living that include enhanced nutrition and universal healthcare, among other factors.
The Crystal Structure of the Hsp90-LA1011 Complex and the Mechanism by Which LA1011 May Improve the Prognosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Roe S. Mark , Török Zsolt , McGown Andrew , Horváth Ibolya , Spencer John , Pázmány Tamás , Vigh László , Prodromou Chrisostomos
Published: June 2023

Functional changes in chaperone systems play a major role in the decline of cognition and contribute to neurological pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While such a decline may occur naturally with age or with stress or trauma, the mechanisms involved have remained elusive. The current models suggest that amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque formation leads to the hyperphosphorylation of tau by a Hsp90-dependent process that triggers tau neurofibrillary tangle formation and neurotoxicity. Several co-chaperones of Hsp90 can influence the phosphorylation of tau, including FKBP51, FKBP52 and PP5. In particular, elevated levels of FKBP51 occur with age and stress and are further elevated in AD. Recently, the dihydropyridine LA1011 was shown to reduce tau pathology and amyloid plaque formation in transgenic AD mice, probably through its interaction with Hsp90, although the precise mode of action is currently unknown. Here, we present a co-crystal structure of LA1011 in complex with a fragment of Hsp90. We show that LA1011 can disrupt the binding of FKBP51, which might help to rebalance the Hsp90-FKBP51 chaperone machinery and provide a favourable prognosis towards AD. However, without direct evidence, we cannot completely rule out effects on other Hsp90-co-chaprone complexes and the mechanisms they are involved in, including effects on Hsp90 client proteins. Nonetheless, it is highly significant that LA1011 showed promise in our previous AD mouse models, as AD is generally a disease affecting older patients, where slowing of disease progression could result in AD no longer being life limiting. The clinical value of LA1011 and its possible derivatives thereof remains to be seen.
Study on the Prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii as a Causative Agent of Lung Pathology in People with Different Immune Status
Authors: Harizanov Rumen , Tsvetkova Nina , Ivanova Aleksandra , Enikova Raina , Videnova Mihaela , Rainova Iskra , Kaneva Eleonora , Kaftandjiev Iskren , Strashimirov Dimitar , Yancheva-Petrova Nina , Simeonovski Ivan , Levterova Viktoria , Yanev Nikolay
Published: June 2023

Background: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) commonly affects immunocompromised individuals, whereas in immunocompetent persons, it occurs relatively rarely, and in most cases, the Pneumocystis infection is detected as an asymptomatic colonization. The present study aimed to establish the prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in human hosts with different immune status (immunocompromised and immunocompetent), using molecular diagnostic methods, and to compare their diagnostic value with that of classical staining methods. Methods: We used the collected-to-this-moment data from a prospective study on the prevalence of pneumocystosis among the Bulgarian population. Clinical specimens (including throat secretions, induced sputum, tracheal aspirates, and bronchoalveolar lavage) collected from 220 patients suspected of PCP (153 immunocompetent and 67 immunocompromised patients) were examined with microscopic staining methods and real-time PCR for detection of P. jirovecii. Results: DNA of the pathogen was detected in 38 (17%) specimens (32 immunocompromised patients and 6 immunocompetent subjects). From all 220 clinical samples examined by staining methods, only five (2%) P. jirovecii cysts were detected by the Gomori stain. All patients with PCP were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but in ten of them (HIV-positive patients), the disease had a fatal outcome. Conclusions: This study is the first in Bulgaria including the main available laboratory methods for diagnosis of human pneumocystosis. Regarding the etiological diagnosis of PCP, in our study the sensitivity of real-time PCR was higher compared to the staining methods. The choice of a method for sample collection and examination has an important role in the efficiency of the laboratory diagnostics.
FGF1 Protects MCF-7 Cells against Taltobulin through Both the MEKs/ERKs and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Szymczyk Jakub , Czyrek Aleksandra , Otlewski Jacek , Zakrzewska Malgorzata
Published: June 2023

Breast cancer is a widespread and complex disease characterized by abnormal signaling pathways that promote tumor growth and progression. Despite significant medical advances and the development of increasingly effective therapies for breast cancer, drug resistance and reduced sensitivity to prior therapies remain persistent challenges. Dysregulation of growth factors such as FGFs and EGF and their receptors is a contributing factor to reduced response to treatment, promoting cell survival and proliferation, metastasis, EMT or increased expression of ABC transporters. Our study demonstrates a protective role for FGF1 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells against taltobulin-induced cytotoxicity, mediated by activation of its receptors and compares its activity to EGF, another growth factor involved in breast cancer development and progression. The mechanisms of action of these two proteins are different: FGF1 exerts its effects through the activation of both ERKs and AKT, whereas EGF acts only through ERKs. FGF1 action in the presence of the drug promotes cell viability, reduces apoptosis and increases cell migration. Although EGF and its receptors have received more attention in breast cancer research to date, our findings highlight the key role played by FGFs and their receptors in promoting drug resistance to tubulin polymerization inhibitors in FGFR-positive tumors.
A Comprehensive Review of Bio-Inspired Optimization Algorithms Including Applications in Microelectronics and Nanophotonics
Authors: Jakšić Zoran , Devi Swagata , Jakšić Olga , Guha Koushik
Published: June 2023

The application of artificial intelligence in everyday life is becoming all-pervasive and unavoidable. Within that vast field, a special place belongs to biomimetic/bio-inspired algorithms for multiparameter optimization, which find their use in a large number of areas. Novel methods and advances are being published at an accelerated pace. Because of that, in spite of the fact that there are a lot of surveys and reviews in the field, they quickly become dated. Thus, it is of importance to keep pace with the current developments. In this review, we first consider a possible classification of bio-inspired multiparameter optimization methods because papers dedicated to that area are relatively scarce and often contradictory. We proceed by describing in some detail some more prominent approaches, as well as those most recently published. Finally, we consider the use of biomimetic algorithms in two related wide fields, namely microelectronics (including circuit design optimization) and nanophotonics (including inverse design of structures such as photonic crystals, nanoplasmonic configurations and metamaterials). We attempted to keep this broad survey self-contained so it can be of use not only to scholars in the related fields, but also to all those interested in the latest developments in this attractive area.
Advancement in Paper-Based Electrochemical Biosensing and Emerging Diagnostic Methods
Authors: Benjamin Stephen , de Lima Fábio , Nascimento Valter , de Andrade Geanne , Oriá Reinaldo
Published: June 2023

The utilization of electrochemical detection techniques in paper-based analytical devices (PADs) has revolutionized point-of-care (POC) testing, enabling the precise and discerning measurement of a diverse array of (bio)chemical analytes. The application of electrochemical sensing and paper as a suitable substrate for point-of-care testing platforms has led to the emergence of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs). The inherent advantages of these modified paper-based analytical devices have gained significant recognition in the POC field. In response, electrochemical biosensors assembled from paper-based materials have shown great promise for enhancing sensitivity and improving their range of use. In addition, paper-based platforms have numerous advantageous characteristics, including the self-sufficient conveyance of liquids, reduced resistance, minimal fabrication cost, and environmental friendliness. This study seeks to provide a concise summary of the present state and uses of ePADs with insightful commentary on their practicality in the field. Future developments in ePADs biosensors include developing novel paper-based systems, improving system performance with a novel biocatalyst, and combining the biosensor system with other cutting-edge tools such as machine learning and 3D printing.
Development and In Vivo Assessment of 4-Phenyltellanyl-7-chloroquinoline-loaded Polymeric Nanocapsules in Alzheimer’s Disease Models
Authors: Funguetto-Ribeiro Ana Cláudia , Nakama Kelly Ayumi , Pinz Mikaela Peglow , Oliveira Renata Leivas de , Sacramento Manoela do , Pereira Flávia S. Oliveira , Pinton Simone , Wilhelm Ethel Antunes , Luchese Cristiane , Alves Diego , Ávila Daiana Silva , Haas Sandra Elisa
Published: June 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older people, and available treatments are palliative and produce undesirable side effects. The 4-phenyltellanyl-7-chloroquinoline (TQ) is an organochalcogen compound studied due to its pharmacological properties, particularly its antioxidant potential. However, TQ possesses some drawbacks such as low aqueous solubility and high toxicity, thus warranting the search for tools that improve the safety and effectiveness of new compounds. Here, we developed and investigated the biological effects of TQ-loaded polymeric nanocapsules (NCTQ) in an AD model in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing human Aβ1–42 in their body–wall muscles and Swiss mice injected with Aβ25–35. The NCTQ displayed good physicochemical properties, including nanometer size and maximum encapsulation capacity. The treatment showed low toxicity, reduced Aβ peptide-induced paralysis, and activated an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone in the C. elegans model. The Aβ injection in mice caused memory impairment, which NCTQ mitigated by improving working, long-term, and aversive memory. Additionally, no changes in biochemical markers were evidenced in mice, demonstrating that there was no hepatotoxicity in the tested doses. Altogether, these findings provide insights into the neuroprotective effects of TQ and indicate that NCTQ is a promising candidate for AD treatment.
Coping as a Mediator between Attachment and Depressive Symptomatology Either in Pregnancy or in the Early Postpartum Period: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Authors: Altamura Mario , Leccisotti Ivana , De Masi Laura , Gallone Fiammetta , Ficarella Livia , Severo Melania , Biancofiore Simona , Denitto Francesca , Ventriglio Antonio , Petito Annamaria , Maruotti Giuseppe , Nappi Luigi , Bellomo Antonello
Published: June 2023

Peripartum depression (PPD) is a major complication of pregnancy, and numerous risk factors have been associated with its onset, including dysfunctional coping strategies and insecure attachment styles, both during pregnancy and postpartum. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of coping strategies in mediating the relationship between women’s attachment style and depressive symptomatology in pregnancy and one week after giving birth in a large sample of women (N = 1664). Our hypothesis was that the relationship between anxious and avoidant attachment and depressive symptomatology would be mediated by use of maladaptive coping strategies. The assessment instruments were Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Brief Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences (COPE), and Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR). The results indicated that the effect of insecure attachment styles (anxious and avoidant attachment) on antepartum depressive symptomatology was partially mediated by dysfunctional coping styles. Anxious attachment also has an indirect significant effect on postpartum depressive symptomatology through emotional coping; however, avoidant attachment does not seem to be significantly related to postpartum depressive symptoms. Our findings revealed that not only is it important to consider attachment in understanding peripartum depressive symptomatology, but also that coping plays an important role in these relationships. These findings would help a preventive coping-based intervention strategy to enhance the capacity of women with insecure attachment styles to use more adaptive coping during and after pregnancy.
Eleven Crucial Pesticides Appear to Regulate Key Genes That Link MPTP Mechanism to Cause Parkinson’s Disease through the Selective Degeneration of Dopamine Neurons
Authors: Anirudhan Athira , Mattethra George Chandy , Alzahrani Khalid J. , Banjer Hamsa Jameel , Alzahrani Fuad M. , Halawani Ibrahim F. , Patil Shankargouda , Sharma Ashutosh , Paramasivam Prabu , Ahmed Shiek S. S. J.
Published: June 2023

Pesticides kill neurons, but the mechanism leading to selective dopaminergic loss in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is unknown. Understanding the pesticide’s effect on dopaminergic neurons (DA) can help to screen and treat PD. The critical uptake of pesticides by the membrane receptors at DA is hypothesized to activate a signaling cascade and accelerate degeneration. Using MPTP as a reference, we demonstrate the mechanisms of eleven crucial pesticides through molecular docking, protein networks, regulatory pathways, and prioritization of key pesticide-regulating proteins. Participants were recruited and grouped into control and PD based on clinical characteristics as well as pesticide traces in their blood plasma. Then, qPCR was used to measure pesticide-associated gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells between groups. As a result of molecular docking, all eleven pesticides and the MPTP showed high binding efficiency against 274 membrane receptor proteins of DA. Further, the protein interaction networks showed activation of multiple signaling cascades through these receptors. Subsequent analysis revealed 31 biological pathways shared by all 11pesticides and MPTP that were overrepresented by 46 crucial proteins. Among these, CTNNB1, NDUFS6, and CAV1 were prioritized to show a significant change in gene expression in pesticide-exposed PD which guides toward therapy.
Metacognition in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders—Current Methods and Approaches
Authors: Lungu Petru Fabian , Lungu Corina-Miruna , Ciobîcă Alin , Balmus Ioana Miruna , Boloș Alexandra , Dobrin Romeo , Luca Alina Costina
Published: June 2023

Metacognition essentially represents “thinking about thinking”, or the individual’s capacity to control and monitor their own cognitive processes. Metacognition impairment in schizophrenia represents a core feature of the disease, and, in the last fifteen years, the subject has evolved into a growing study area concentrating on a wide variety of processes, such as clinical insight, autobiographical memory, cognitive beliefs, reasoning, and memory biases. Since metacognition is a complex subject, we wanted to focus on the different nuances of metacognition transposed into the lives of patients diagnosed with either schizophrenia or a schizoaffective disorder. Therefore, this narrative review aims to analyze the literature in order to provide an insight regarding the current methods and approaches in the study of metacognition in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders, as well as the results provided. Results from the reviewed studies showed that patients with schizophrenia have a lower metacognitive ability, which is strongly reflected in their lives. Studies to date have highlighted the interaction between schizophrenia symptoms and metacognition, which shows how metacognition impacts work performance, autobiographical memory, motivation, the severity of symptoms, and social cognition.
Manual Abilities and Cognition in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Do Fine Motor Skills Impact Cognition as Measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
Authors: Invencao Cabral Thais , Pan Xueliang , Tripathi Tanya , Ma Jianing , Heathcock Jill C.
Published: June 2023

Manual ability may be an important consideration when measuring cognition in children with CP because many items on cognitive tests require fine motor skills. This study investigated the association of fine motor dependent (FMD) and fine motor independent (FMI) items within the cognitive domain (COG) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development—Third Edition (Bayley-III) and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) in children with cerebral palsy. Children aged 2 to 8 (3.96 ± 1.68) years were included in this study. MACS levels were assigned at baseline. COG was administrated at baseline (n = 61) and nine months post-baseline (n = 28). The 91 items were classified into FMD (52) and FMI (39). Total raw score, FMD, and FMI scores were calculated. The association between MACS and cognitive scores (total, FMD, and FMI) were evaluated using linear regression and Spearman correlation coefficients. We found total, FMD, and FMI scores decrease significantly as the MACS level increases at the baseline. Both FMD and FMI scores decreased as MACS levels increased (worse function). There was a significant difference between the two slopes, with the FMD scores having a steeper slope. Similar patterns were observed nine months post-baseline. Children with lower manual ability scored lower in the cognitive domain at baseline and 9 months post-baseline. The significant difference in the performance of FMD items and FMI items across MACS levels with a steeper slope of changes in FMD items suggests fine motor skills impact cognition.
Influence of Superabsorbent Polymer in Self-Compacting Mortar
Authors: de Souza Michel Henry Bacelar , Silva Lucas Ramon Roque , Ribeiro Vander Alkmin dos Santos , Gonçalves Paulo César , Melo Mirian de Lourdes Noronha Motta , Gomes Carlos Eduardo Marmorato , dos Santos Valquíria Claret
Published: June 2023

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an innovative type of concrete that does not require vibration for compaction; however, it needs attention in relation to the control of thermally generated cracks, due to the hydration heat generated mainly during the curing process in pieces with large concrete volume. In this study we investigated the addition of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) as internal curing elements in self-compacting mortar (SCM), as well as its thermal and mechanical characteristics, looking to obtain the optimal proportion of materials in a way that is useful as the basis of self-compacting concrete use, focusing on large volume structures. This work stands out for studying an alternative for shrinkage control, in an unconventional cementitious composite, highlighting the thermal analysis of the mixture. In the experimental program, laboratory trials were conducted using self-compacting mortar with the addition of 0%, 0.1%, and 0.2% of SAP either for CPII-E-32 and CPV-ARI and with samples undergoing both dry and submerged curing. Among the results obtained, the reduction of variation in temperature in samples with added SAP stand out, and it is possible to presume it as being a viable way of mitigating the temperature spikes in large volume concrete parts. By contrast, the compression and tensile tests indicated a reduced strength, except in the tensile trial on the CPII-E-32, which the addition of SAP resulted in an increase in strength.
Development and Verification of Wireless Vibration Sensors
Authors: Pei Qiang , Qi Pengfei , Lu Yunhua , Qin Le
Published: June 2023

Structural vibration testing is an effective guarantee for the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of large-scale civil engineering. Traditional vibration testing has drawbacks such as difficulties in wiring and picking up low-frequency signals, low communication speed, and susceptibility to testing site conditions. In order to improve the universality of wireless vibration sensors, this article develops a wireless vibration sensor, introduces the module composition and basic principles of the sensor, and conducts standard vibration table performance comparison tests between wired acceleration sensors and wireless vibration sensors, verifying the accuracy of wireless vibration sensors. In order to further explore the feasibility of wireless vibration sensor applications, the wired acceleration sensor and wireless vibration sensor were used to analyze the structural dynamic characteristics of the four-layer steel frame structure model in the laboratory, and the comparison was made based on ABAQUS finite element simulation. Finally, the field vibration test was carried out outdoors. The results show that the natural frequency identification results of the wireless vibration sensor and the wired acceleration sensor for the four-story steel frame structure through fast Fourier transform, short-time Fourier transform, and wavelet transform are basically the same, the half-power bandwidth method and logarithmic decrement rate method are used to identify the damping, and wavelet transform is used to identify the vibration mode with minimal error and high accuracy. It shows that the wireless vibration sensor is feasible in practical engineering, has stable and reliable transmission capacity, and can provide certain reference values for earthquake monitoring, building Structural Health Monitoring, etc.
Microstructure of Bio-Based Building Materials: New Insights into the Hysteresis Phenomenon and Its Consequences
Authors: Rosa Latapie Séverine , Abou-Chakra Ariane , Sabathier Vincent
Published: June 2023

Considering the current energy environment, both efficient and environmentally friendly solutions have to be developed for building construction. Bio-based building materials offer new perspectives through their insulating and natural humidity regulation capacities. Nevertheless, these materials are as complex as they are promising, and grey areas still remain regarding their behavior. Their water sorption and desorption curves recorded in experimental work demonstrate a hysteresis phenomenon and, although plausible hypotheses have been formulated in the literature, there is currently no consensus on its causes. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize that no reference considers the hydrophilic nature of the resource. Yet, this is a specificity of raw material coming from the plant world. In this context, this paper explores the microstructure and chemical composition of plant aggregates to propose a new explanation for the hysteresis. It is based on recent work demonstrating the existence of differentiated hydrogen bonds between the water sorption and desorption phase in cellulose. Obviously, hysteresis also has an origin at the molecular scale. Lastly, the hypothesis put forward here is supported by the swelling of bio-based materials that has been observed at high relative humidity, and this study aims to identify a link between the mechanics of bio-based materials and their hygroscopic behavior. A swelling/shrinking is macroscopically observed. Combining the fields of chemistry, physics, and civil engineering allowed us to demonstrate that it comes from a molecular-scale hydromechanical coupling. This is a major breakthrough in the understanding of bio-based composites.
Design and Parameter Optimization of the Soil-Structure Interaction on Structures with Electromagnetic Damper
Authors: Kang Xiaofang , Wu Zongqin , Wu Jian , Huang Qiwen , Ou Boyang , Lei Shancheng
Published: June 2023

Currently, the application of electromagnetic dampers in structural vibration control and energy harvesting has become increasingly widespread. The optimization research of electromagnetic dampers in building design has also received more attention. Previous studies on vibration control of building structures with electromagnetic dampers have been conducted under fixed foundations, neglecting the effect of soil-structure interaction on building structures with electromagnetic dampers. The main contribution of this paper is to fill the research gap in the study of building structural vibration control with electromagnetic dampers considering soil-structure interaction. An effective design and parameter optimization method for building structures with both soil-structure interaction and electromagnetic energy harvesting is explored. The soil-structure interaction is taken into account, and the building model with electromagnetic dampers is improved to form a coupled vibration reduction system with both structural vibration control and energy harvesting functions. The dynamic equations of the system with both structural vibration control and energy harvesting are derived and then optimized using the H2 norm criterion and Monte Carlo-mode search method. A single-layer building structure is used as an example to study the influence of soil-structure interaction on building structures equipped with electromagnetic dampers under strong earthquake action. The dynamic response and energy harvesting of building structures under earthquake action considering soil-structure interaction are analyzed and evaluated. The results show that the influence of soil-structure interaction on building structures equipped with electromagnetic dampers needs to be considered. As the soil density decreases, the dynamic response of the building structure under earthquake action becomes larger using the electromagnetic damper system. Compared to the use of fixed foundations, the energy harvesting effect of building structures with electromagnetic dampers is weakened when considering soil-structure interactions.Definition:
Towards Climate Resilience of the Built Environment: A GIS-Based Framework for the Assessment of Climate-Proof Design Solutions for Buildings
Authors: D’Ambrosio Valeria , Di Martino Ferdinando , Tersigni Enza
Published: June 2023

Countering climate impacts by increasing resilience is a pivotal issue in scientific debate, in which the awareness of the risks of extreme weather phenomena is growing. Cities have been revealed to be increasingly unsuited to the changing climate and vulnerable to it due to their settlement patterns, constructive practices and living habits. Scientifically addressing the issue of climate-proof design requires the development of knowledge models and processes capable of managing the complexity of information needed to guide the transformation of the built environment. In this paper, a model for assessing climate resilience scenarios for the heatwave phenomenon is proposed by implementing a database of technical climate-proof solutions for climate adaptation and mitigation aimed at increasing the indoor comfort and reducing the CO2 emissions of buildings. The model is implemented through a GIS-based framework and was tested on the city of Naples (Italy), measuring the reduction in the heatwave impact/risks determined by the selected climate-proof solutions. The test results show the effectiveness of the climate-proof solutions applied to the built environment through an increase in climate resilience. The framework provides support for planning climatic resilience design strategies at the building scale. It could be applied in future local climate adaptation plans or as a knowledge resource to achieve resilient built environments.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cancer Prevention and Intervention with Bioactive Food Components
Authors: Bishayee Anupam
Published: June 2023

Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the world, and it represents a major health challenge [...]
Artificial Intelligence-Based Hazard Detection in Robotic-Assisted Single-Incision Oncologic Surgery
Authors: Rus Gabriela , Andras Iulia , Vaida Calin , Crisan Nicolae , Gherman Bogdan , Radu Corina , Tucan Paul , Iakab Stefan , Hajjar Nadim Al , Pisla Doina
Published: June 2023

The problem: Single-incision surgery is a complex procedure in which any additional information automatically collected from the operating field can be of significance. While the use of robotic devices has greatly improved surgical outcomes, there are still many unresolved issues. One of the major surgical complications, with higher occurrence in cancer patients, is intraoperative hemorrhages, which if detected early, can be more efficiently controlled. Aim: This paper proposes a hazard detection system which incorporates the advantages of both Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Augmented Reality (AR) agents, capable of identifying, in real-time, intraoperative bleedings, which are subsequently displayed on a Hololens 2 device. Methods: The authors explored the different techniques for real-time processing and determined, based on a critical analysis, that YOLOv5 is one of the most promising solutions. An innovative, real-time, bleeding detection system, developed using the YOLOv5 algorithm and the Hololens 2 device, was evaluated on different surgical procedures and tested in multiple configurations to obtain the optimal prediction time and accuracy. Results: The detection system was able to identify the bleeding occurrence in multiple surgical procedures with a high rate of accuracy. Once detected, the area of interest was marked with a bounding box and displayed on the Hololens 2 device. During the tests, the system was able to differentiate between bleeding occurrence and intraoperative irrigation; thus, reducing the risk of false-negative and false-positive results. Conclusion: The current level of AI and AR technologies enables the development of real-time hazard detection systems as efficient assistance tools for surgeons, especially in high-risk interventions.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma and Neuroblastoma Cancers Using Chlorotoxin Nanoparticles
Authors: Boltman Taahirah , Meyer Mervin , Ekpo Okobi
Published: June 2023

Glioblastoma multiforme (GB) and high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) are known to have poor therapeutic outcomes. As for most cancers, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the current mainstay treatments for GB and NB. However, the known limitations of systemic toxicity, drug resistance, poor targeted delivery, and inability to access the blood-brain barrier (BBB), make these treatments less satisfactory. Other treatment options have been investigated in many studies in the literature, especially nutraceutical and naturopathic products, most of which have also been reported to be poorly effective against these cancer types. This necessitates the development of treatment strategies with the potential to cross the BBB and specifically target cancer cells. Compounds that target the endopeptidase, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), have been reported to offer therapeutic insights for GB and NB since MMP-2 is known to be over-expressed in these cancers and plays significant roles in such physiological processes as angiogenesis, metastasis, and cellular invasion. Chlorotoxin (CTX) is a promising 36-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the deathstalker scorpion, Leiurus quinquestriatus, demonstrating high selectivity and binding affinity to a broad-spectrum of cancers, especially GB and NB through specific molecular targets, including MMP-2. The favorable characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs) such as their small sizes, large surface area for active targeting, BBB permeability, etc. make CTX-functionalized NPs (CTX-NPs) promising diagnostic and therapeutic applications for addressing the many challenges associated with these cancers. CTX-NPs may function by improving diffusion through the BBB, enabling increased localization of chemotherapeutic and genotherapeutic drugs to diseased cells specifically, enhancing imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), optical imaging techniques, image-guided surgery, as well as improving the sensitization of radio-resistant cells to radiotherapy treatment. This review discusses the characteristics of GB and NB cancers, related treatment challenges as well as the potential of CTX and its functionalized NP formulations as targeting systems for diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic purposes. It also provides insights into the potential mechanisms through which CTX crosses the BBB to bind cancer cells and provides suggestions for the development and application of novel CTX-based formulations for the diagnosis and treatment of GB and NB in the future.
UBQLN Family Members Regulate MYC in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Shah Parag P. , Beverly Levi J.
Published: June 2023

The ubiquilin family (UBQLN) of proteins consists of five closely related members (UBQLN1, UBQLN2, UBQLN3, UBQLN4, and UBQLNL) that have a high degree of similarity at the level of both amino acid and domain structure. The role of UBQLN1 and UBQLN2 in regulating processes involved in cancer progression and tumorigenesis is still not completely understood. MYC is an oncogene and is well known to play important roles in cancer progression and metastasis. Herein, we show that the loss of UBQLN1 and UBQLN2 causes increased cell viability, cell proliferation, cell migration, clonogenic potential, and cell cycle progression, which is associated with increased MYC expression. UBQLN1 and UBQLN2 interact with phosphorylated MYC and facilitate its degradation. The overexpression of UBQLN1 reverses the increased expression of MYC following the loss of UBQLN2. Further, we present evidence that decreasing MYC levels back to baseline can reverse phenotypes driven by the loss of UBQLN1 or UBQLN2. Finally, we show that loss of UBQLN1 drives tumorigenesis and lung metastasis in mice which are associated with an increase in the expression of MYC, proteins involved in cell cycle progression, and EMT. Taken together, our results suggest for the first time a novel role of UBQLN1 and UBQLN2 in regulating MYC in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
The Difference in Clinical Behavior of Gene Fusions Involving RET/PTC Fusions and THADA/IGF2BP3 Fusions in Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Tali George , Payne Alexandra E. , Hudson Thomas J. , da Silva Sabrina Daniela , Pusztaszeri Marc , Tamilia Michael , Forest Véronique-Isabelle
Published: June 2023

Background: Molecular testing has been used as an adjunct to morphological evaluation in the workup of thyroid nodules. This study investigated the impact of two gene fusions, RET/PTC and THADA/IGF2BP3, that have been described as oncogenic events in thyroid neoplasms. Methods: We performed a retrospective, single-centered study at a McGill University teaching hospital in Montreal, Canada, from January 2016 to August 2021. We included patients who underwent surgery for thyroid nodules that pre-operatively underwent molecular testing showing either RET/PTC or THADA/IGF2BP3 gene fusion. Results: This study included 697 consecutive operated thyroid nodules assessed using molecular testing, of which five had the RET/PTC fusion and seven had the THADA/IGF2BP3 fusion. Of the five nodules in the RET/PTC group, 100% were malignant and presented as Bethesda V/VI. Eighty percent (4/5) were found to have lymph node metastasis. Twenty percent (1/5) had extrathyroidal extensions. Sixty percent (3/5) were a diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, and the rest were the classical variant. Of the seven THADA/IGF2BP3 nodules, all presented as Bethesda III/IV and 71.4% (5/7) were malignant based on the final pathology analysis, and 28.6% (2/7) were NIFTP. All the THADA/IGF2BP3 fusion malignancies were a follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. None had lymph node metastasis or displayed extrathyroidal extensions. Conclusions: RET/PTC nodules presented as Bethesda V/VI and potentially had more aggressive features, whereas THADA/IGF2BP3 nodules presented as Bethesda III/IV and had more indolent behavior. This understanding may allow clinicians to develop more targeted treatment plans, such as the extent of surgery and adjuvant radioactive iodine treatment.
p53-Dependent Cytoprotective Mechanisms behind Resistance to Chemo-Radiotherapeutic Agents Used in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Krishnaraj Jayaraman , Yamamoto Tatsuki , Ohki Rieko
Published: June 2023

Resistance to chemoradiotherapy is the main cause of cancer treatment failure. Cancer cells, especially cancer stem cells, utilize innate cytoprotective mechanisms to protect themselves from the adverse effects of chemoradiotherapy. Here, we describe a few such mechanisms: DNA damage response (DDR), immediate early response gene 5 (IER5)/heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) pathway, and p21/nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway, which are regulated by the tumour suppressor p53. Upon DNA damage caused during chemoradiotherapy, p53 is recruited to the sites of DNA damage and activates various DNA repair enzymes including GADD45A, p53R2, DDB2 to repair damaged-DNA in cancer cells. In addition, the p53-IER5-HSF1 pathway protects cancer cells from proteomic stress and maintains cellular proteostasis. Further, the p53-p21-NRF2 pathway induces production of antioxidants and multidrug resistance-associated proteins to protect cancer cells from therapy-induced oxidative stress and to promote effusion of drugs from the cells. This review summarises possible roles of these p53-regulated cytoprotective mechanisms in the resistance to chemoradiotherapy.