bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„Ki szép, ki jó?” Az attraktivitás hatása a harmadik személyű büntetésre, jutalmazásra
Authors: Putz Ádám , Palotai Róbert , Bereczkei Tamás
Published: May 2015

Kutatásunkban egy általunk kifejlesztett kísérleti játékprogram, a harmadik személyű büntető-jutalmazó játék (Third-party Punishment and Reward Game, TPRG) segítségével vizsgáltuk az attraktivitás normafenntartó viselkedésre gyakorolt hatását. Korábbi vizsgálatok alátámasztják, hogy az észlelt vonzerő szoros kapcsolatban áll a megbízhatósági ítéletekkel: az attraktívabb embereket megbízhatóbbaknak tartják a kísérleti személyek (Mulford, Orbell, Shatto és Stockard, 1998). A vonzó külsejű személyekkel szemben ugyanakkor magasabb elvárásokat is támasztunk. Amennyiben nem szolgálnak rá a beléjük vetett bizalomra, a vonzóként jellemzett csalók szigorúbb büntetésekre számíthatnak (Wilson és Eckel, 2006). Vizsgálatunkban sztereotípia-konzisztens (attraktív együttműködő és nem attraktív csaló), valamint sztereotípia-inkonzisztens (attraktív csaló és nem attraktív együttműködő) helyzeteket alakítottunk ki, továbbá felmértük, hogy az egyes játékosok milyen érzelmeket váltottak ki a vizsgálati személyekből (düh, elégedettség). A vizsgálatban a Pécsi Tudományegyetem 115 hallgatója (58 nő és 57 férfi) vett részt, életkoruk szerint 18 és 31 év közöttiek (átlag = 21,2; SD = 2,12). Eredményeink alapján megállapítható, hogy a sztereotípia-inkonzisztens helyzetekben a kísérleti személyek intenzívebb érzelmeket éltek át, mely magasabb büntetések és jutalmazások kiszabásához vezetett. Ennek legvalószínűbb magyarázata a vonzó személyekkel szembeni magasabb elvárásokban keresendő.
Mentalizációra irányuló igény és együttműködés integratív alkutárgyalásban
Authors: Bernáth Ágnes , Kovács Judit
Published: May 2015

A mentalizációra irányuló igény társas helyzetben a partner mentális állapotának (hiedelmeinek, érzéseinek, motívumainak) a megismerésére irányuló beszámolt törekvés. A mentalizációs jelenségkör vonatkozásában az eddigi kutatások a mentalizációs teljesítmény társas viselkedésben betöltött szerepére irányultak, jellemzően a proszociális viselkedésre.

A kutatás a mentalizációra irányuló igény szerepét vizsgálja több szempontos tárgyalások során. Elvárásaink szerint a mentalizációra irányuló erős igény segíti a személyeket abban, hogy feltérképezzék alkupartnerük övékétől eltérő prioritásait és az alkuhelyzet integratív potenciálját jól kihasználó egyezségeket kössenek.

A 75 tárgyalásból (N = 150) származó tapasztalataink szerint azok a párok, amelyekben a személyeknek átlagosan magas a mentalizációs igénye, valóban jobban kihasználják az integratív alkuteret, de nem a feladat szerkezetének jobb megragadása, hanem a partnerhez való erősebb alkalmazkodás miatt. A magasabb mentalizációs igény egyúttal az integratív alku viselkedéses stílusjegyeivel is együtt járt.
Elmeolvasás és machiavellizmus: A manipuláció szituatív feltérképezése
Authors: Szabó Edit , Bereczkei Tamás
Published: May 2015

A sikeres manipuláció elméletileg magas szintű elmeolvasási képességet feltételez, ám az eddigi kutatások, amelyek a machiavellisták vizsgálatára irányultak, nem tudták bizonyítani ezt a tételt. Felmerül ezért a lehetőség, hogy a machiavellisták gyengébb kognitív szinten teljesítenek, mint ahogyan korábban gondolták. Ennek azonban ellentmondanak azok a kísérleti eredmények, amelyek szerint rendkívül sikeresen manipulálnak másokat, és ehhez felhasználják a társas szituáció résztvevőiről alkotott benyomásaikat is. Feltételeztük, hogy ez az ellentmondás feloldható, ha új megközelítésbe helyezzük a machiavellisták elmeolvasását. Vizsgálatunkban egy olyan új módszert használtunk, amely párbeszédekre építve valós társas kontextusokhoz hasonlító ingeranyagot mutat be, és fókuszba emeli a manipulatív taktikák alkalmazását is. Eredményeink alapján a machiavellisták jobban oldják meg a dialógusokra épülő történetek mentalizációs feladatait, mint a narratívákon alapuló történetekét. Emellett másoknál jobban teljesítenek a manipulatív jellegű történetek elmeolvasás-feladataiban, és kifejezett érzékenységet mutatnak a megtévesztés szándékosságának felismerésére. Mindezek tükrében új megvilágításba kerülhet a machiavellisták elmeolvasása.
Érzelemszabályozás és machiavellizmus kapcsolata az agyi aktiváció tükrében: fMRI-kísérlet
Authors: Deák Anita , Bodrogi Barbara , Perlaki Gábor , Orsi Gergely , Bereczkei Tamás
Published: May 2015

A klasszikus nézet szerint a machiavellista személyek érzelmileg nem vagy kevésbé vonódnak be egy helyzetbe. Interperszonális kapcsolataikat a melegség hiánya jellemzi, kerülik mások szoros közelségét. A rájuk váró feladat kognitív aspektusára koncentrálnak, tehát egy helyzet értékelése és pontos megértése vezérli őket. Affektív távolságtartásuk következtében érzelmileg megterhelő helyzetekben is képesek hideg fejjel és logikusan gondolkodni.

A kérdés az, hogy a machiavellisták érzelmi távolságtartása mögött az érzelmek megélésének hiánya áll-e, vagy a kialakuló érzelmeiket erősen kontroll alatt tartják? Kísérletünkben a résztvevők agym7ködését mértük érzelmeket előhívó feladat végrehajtása közben, ami egyúttal megkövetelte a helyzet eltérő nézőpontokból való értelmezését, a rugalmas váltás képességét is. Az eltérő (és átváltást igénylő) helyzetek egyben eltérő érzelmi állapotokat is jelentettek.

Az érzelmi átkeretezési feladat során agyi aktivációt találtunk a machiavellisták hippokampuszában, az inzulában, a hátulsó cinguláris tekervény és a cuneus területén. A machiavellistákra jellemző agyi aktiváció többsége (hippokampusz, cuneus) kognitív funkciókat ellátó területeken jelentkezik. Ezek részt vesznek a figyelmi, emlékezeti folyamatok végrehajtásában, a nem releváns információk gátlásában. Ugyanakkor az érzelemszabályozás agyi folyamatai is megjelennek, melyet az inzula és a hátulsó cinguláris kéreg területeinek aktivációja bizonyít.

Ezek az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy valóban jellemző rájuk egy érzelmi távolságtartás, ugyanakkor intenzív érzelmeket élnek át, amely befolyásolhatja a döntéshozatali folyamataikat.
In the labyrinth with Ariadne: Expert and novice translator reflections on literary translation processes
Authors: Leppihalme Ritva
Published: May 2015

Translator reflections, whether concurrent or retrospective, and if the latter, supported by drafts and editorial feedback, and dealing with problems encountered and solutions arrived at in personal creative translation processes are one way into the “labyrinth” (Krings 2005) of translatorial decision-making, with the translators themselves as guides. This article presents and discusses retrospective reflections by two expert literary translators translating English classics into Finnish and by one novice working on his first book-length translation. The reflections consist of the M.A. theses of the three translators, done in 2002 and 2008 and available online. Each of the translators analyses stages of a past or on-going translation project that resulted in a published target text. The focus of the analyses is on solving specific problems; this is further linked to discussions of individual aims and translation philosophies. The translators were motivated to write at length on their own creative processes both to share their experiences with other translators and to stimulate exchange of views between translators and researchers.
Problem-solving and decision-making in translation revision: Two case studies
Authors: Shih Claire Yi-Yi
Published: May 2015

This project investigates two young professional translators’ problem-solving and decision-making behaviour during revision processes. It sets out to qualitatively describe the complexity of interplay involved in problem-solving and decision-making in translation revision, using think-aloud protocols as a research method. The data I elicited suggest that, for a revision point to occur, the translator first has to find a translation problem. However, the translation problem itself can evolve over time in the revision process in either a divergent or convergent manner. In other words, a single translation problem can be subdivided into several smaller problems and be tackled individually. Meanwhile, the translator may choose to merge several problems into a single problem that requires a holistic problem-solving approach. In terms of decision-making, the translator does not generally verbalise his/her reasons for choosing a translation solution. Nevertheless, s/he has an appropriateness threshold in mind, so that s/he can judge and compare the appropriateness of translation choices and make a decision accordingly. A tentative model of end-revision problem-solving and decision-making has been produced to summarise the findings of this project.
Out of the black-box: Narratives of interpreters as witnesses of transition
Authors: Mullamaa Kristina
Published: May 2015

In this article we will share the preliminary results of our on-going research on the memories of interpreters. We have carried out in-depth interviews with representatives of two different samples: experienced dialogue interpreters a) in Estonia and b) in Sweden, most of whom have worked from the 1960s till today. This article sums up the preliminary results for the sample from Estonia. The focus is on the development of the interpreter’s role as seen against the changes in society, cultural and social practices. As for the theoretical background, we view the processes within the framework of Transition Studies (cf. Lauristin and Vihalemm 2010; Kennedy 2002). The methodological framework is ethnographic research. More specifically, we combine narrative studies and memory research (Kirss and Kõresaar 2004; Riessman 1993; Middleton and Brown 2005; Gilbert 2008) gaining data through semi-structured interviews (cf. Nunan 1992; Van Maanen 1983; Gilbert 2008). The analysis of our on-going research also enables us to test and share with our readers the pros and cons of the chosen methodology and methods.
Megjegyzések Prokopios „perzsa történeteihez” (De bellis I, 2–6)
Authors: Mészáros Tamás
Published: May 2015

Történeti műve bevezetŐjének végén Prokopios vázolja a bizánciak és a perzsák kapcsolatának történetét. A mű ezen részét (De bellis I, 2–6), mely anekdotába illŐ epizódokból, mesékbŐl és kitalált történetekbŐl áll, a kutatók a történeti hitelességet nélkülözŐ, szórakoztató összeállításnak tekintik. Jelen dolgozat célja, hogy bemutassa ezeket az anekdotákat, az úgynevezett „perzsa történeteket”, valamint elemezze a történetek szerkezetét és funkcióját. Véleményünk szerint Prokopios hérodotosi irodalmi technikákat alkalmaz, hogy a háborúhoz vezeto erkölcsi romlást ábrázolja.
A mítosz mint ősi és közös nyelv
Authors: Tar Ibolya
Published: May 2015

Néhány mítoszértelmezés tárgyalása után a tanulmány a mítosz irodalmi művekben való megjelenésének bizonyos elveivel foglalkozik. A mítosz valódi tartalma különböző megközelítésekben jelenhet meg egyegy művész szándékának, illetve értelmezésének megfelelően. Az allegorikus interpretációk rövid áttekintése után két mítosz (Orpheus-Eurydiké, világkorszakok) néhány változatának taglalása következik. A Vergilius műveiben szereplő aranykormítosz kapcsán az a kérdés áll a középpontban, hogy Vergilius vajon új mítoszt teremtett, vagy újraformálta a mítoszt. Ennek értelmezésében az orosz formalisták sujet és fable közti megkülönböztetése nyújt segítséget. Arra a kérdésre, hogy a mítosz művészi megjelenési formája kifejezhető-e szavakkal, Rilke és Hölderlin szavait idézve keres választ az írás.
T-sejt-mediált rejectio gyakorisága vesetranszplantáció után, újonnan kialakult diabetes mellitusban
Authors: Borda Bernadett , Szederkényi Edit , Lengyel Csaba , Várkonyi Tamás , Hódi Zoltán , Kemény Éva , Szabó Viktor , Lázár György
Published: May 2015

Introduction: New-onset diabetes is one of the most common complications after kidney transplantation. Aim: The aims of the authors were to examine the frequency of new-onset diabetes mellitus in kidney transplanted patients receiving cyclosporine A (n = 95) and tacrolimus (n = 102) and to analyze the occurrence of T-cell mediated rejection in these two groups of patients. Method: Age, laboratory results, renal function and histological findings were evaluated one year after kidney transplantation. Histological evaluation was performed according to the 2007 modification of the Banff 1997 classification. Results: New-onset diabetes developed in 12% of patients receiving cyclosporine A-based immunosuppression and in 24% of patients taking tacrolimus (p = 0.002). Uric acid level (p = 0.002) and the age of the recipient (p = 0.003) were significantly different in the new-onset diabetic and non-diabetic groups, while renal function showed no significant difference. Evaluation of tissue samples revealed a significant difference in T-cell mediated rejection between the new-onset diabetic and non-diabetic groups (13 vs. 8 patients; 37% vs. 6%; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The results indicate an early development of the pathological effect of new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation on the morphology of the renal allograft. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(19), 785–789.
Vancomycinrezisztens Enterococcusok megjelenése sebészeti intenzív osztályon
Authors: Szabó Marcell , Bozó Anna , Soós Sándor , Darvas Katalin , Harsányi László , Csomós Ákos
Published: May 2015

Introduction: Enterococci have increasing importance in intensive care units, and vancomycin-resistant strains express a new challenge. Aim: The aim of the authors was to present their findings obtained from the first vancomycin-resistant enterococci outbreak occurred in 2013 at the Intensive Care Unit of the 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University. Method: This was a case-control study of patients who had Enterococci species isolated from their microbiological samples between January 1 and June 30, 2013. Changes of Enterococcal incidence and consequences of vancomycin-resistance in patient outcome were analyzed. Demographic data, hospital length of stay and mortality data were also collected. Results: Enterococci were isolated from 114 patients and 14 of them had vancomycin-resistant strains. The incidence of Enterococcal strains was not different in the periods before and after the outbreak of the first vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. Patients with vancomycin-resistant Enterococci had significantly higher mortality rate than those with vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus (42.9% vs 30.0%, p = 0.005); however, length of stay was not significantly different. Co-morbidities and emergency surgery were significantly higher in patients who had vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. Conclusions: The higher mortality observed in patients with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus infections highlights the importance of prevention and appropriate infection control, however, the direct relationship of vancomycin-resistance and increased mortality is questionable. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(19), 779–784.
A mobil kommunikációs eszközök szerepe a fertőzések átvitelében. Szisztematikus irodalomelemzés
Authors: Morvai Júlia , Szabó Rita
Published: May 2015

Mobile communication devices have an invaluable feature of communication within hospital, and they may support certain aspects of clinical diagnosis and education. However, there may be a risk for contamination of these devices with various pathogens. The aim of the authors was to perform a systematic review on the potential role of mobile communication devices in the dissemination of pathogens and to identify effective prevention measures. A detailed literature search was conducted using PubMed and ScienceDirect databases for papers published in English between January, 2004 and August, 2014. With the use of specific search term combinations 30 of the 216 articles met the inclusion criteria. It was found that only 8% of healthcare workers routinely cleaned their mobile communication devices resulting in a high rate of contamination (40–100%). Coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus were the most commonly identified bacteria and most of them were methicillin resistant (10–95.3%). This systematic review identified effective interventions to reduce bacterial contamination risks including staff education, hand hygiene and regular decontamination of mobile communication devices. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(20), 802–807.
A hepatitis C-vírus-bázispolimorfizmus jelentősége a kezelésben
Authors: Tornai István
Published: May 2015

The treatment of chronic hepatitis C has developed significantly during the last 25 years. In patients with genotype 1 infection 40–50% sustained virologic response could be achieved using pegylated interferon and ribavirin dual combination, which could be increased significantly with the introduction of direct acting antivirals. Three major groups of direct acting antivirals are known, which directly inhibit different phases of viral life cycle, by inhibiting the function of several non-structural proteins (NS3/4A protease, NS5A protein and NS5B polymerase). Due to the rapid replication rate of hepatitis C virus and the error-prone NS5B polymerase activity, mutant virions are generated, which might have reduced susceptibility to direct acting antiviral therapy. Since these resistance associated variants might exist before the antiviral therapy, they are still able to replicate during the direct acting antiviral treatment. Due to this selection pressure, the resistant virus will replace the wild type. This was especially detected during monotherapy, therefore, the first generation of direct acting antivirals have been combined with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, while recently interferon-free combinations are being developed including 2 or 3 direct acting antivirals. Using the first generation protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir, it could have been seen, that the rate of resistance associated variants is higher and the therapeutic outcome is worse in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1a, than in 1b. Similar phenomenon was seen with the second generation of NS3/4A protease inhibitors as well as with NS5A or NS5B polymerase. This is due to the lower genetic barrier to resistance, ie. usually fewer mutations are enough for the emergence of resistance in genotype 1a. The selection of resistance associated variants is one of the most important challenges during the interferon-free therapy. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(21), 849–854.
Presentation of soil data from the National Pedological and Crop Production Database (NPCPD) and investigations on spatial representativeness
Authors: Kocsis Mihály , Tóth Gergely , Berényi Üveges Judit , Makó András
Published: May 2015

Közleményünkben az — eddig csak kevesek által ismert — AIIR (Agrokémiai Irányítási és Információs Rendszer) adatbázist mutattuk be, illetve összegeztük az adatbázis által nyújtott talajtani információkat.Vizsgáltuk az adatbázis talajtani adatainak reprezentativitását az egyéb talajtani adatbázisokkal történő összehasonlítás módszerével. Az adatbázis talajosztályozási egységek szerinti besorolását térinformatikai eszközökkel összevetettük más térképi adatbázisokkal (AGROTOPO, MÉM NAK, földminősítési talajtérképek) Csongrád megyei mintaterületeken. A Csongrád megyei mintaterületeken végzett reprezentativitás- vizsgálatok szerint az adatbázis talaj főtípus és típus szinten megbízható (vagy a többi adatállománynál nem kevésbé megbízható) talajtani besorolásokat tartalmaz, míg az altípus szintű klasszifikáció megbízhatósága ezen az adatcsoporton jóval kisebb.Továbbá az AIIR taxonómiai egységein a legfontosabb talajparamétereket főtípus szinten összehasonlítottuk a MARTHA adatbázis hasonló taxonómiai egységeinek hasonló talajparamétereivel. Az AIIR adatbázis talajainak művelt (legfelső) rétegének tulajdonságai (kötöttség, pH, humusz- és CaCO3-tartalom) több esetben jelentős mértékben eltérnek a MARTHA adatbázisban szereplő adatoktól, illetve a hazai talajtani irodalmi forrásokban ismertetett talajjellemzőktől.Eredményeink megerősítik korábbi tapasztalatainkat, miszerint az AIIR értékes adatokat szolgáltat termőterületeink talajviszonyairól, de az adatbázis talajtaxonómiai adatainak — termőhelyi megfontolások alapján történő — felülvizsgálata és összehasonlító elemzése szükséges a további alkalmazást megelőzően.
A képalkotó vezérelte mintavételektől a lokoregionális tumorterápiáig
Authors: Bánsághi Zoltán
Published: May 2015

Infiltrating many traditional discipline, interventional radiology achieved a dynamic progress during the last 50 years. Collaboration with the modern, personalised, quality-sensitive oncology opened a blooming new horizon of oncointervention in the early 1980s. This complex field needs pluripotent skills and broadened view from the interventional radiologist. The aim of this paper is to summarize the „menu” of present and near-future therapeutic tools of oncointerventional radiology. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(17), 698–705.
Intervenciós radiológia és sugárterápia
Authors: Hadjiev Janaki
Published: May 2015

The revolutionary role of modern cross-sectional imaging, the improved target definition in CT/MRI image guided brachytherapy, the precise topography for applicator and anatomy contribute to a better knowledge and management of tumors and critical organs. Further developments and functional imaging is expected to lead to a broad use of patient tailored therapy in the field of interventional radiation oncology. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(17), 706–710.
Simultaneous Spectroscopic, Diffraction and Microscopic Study of the Metal-Insulator Transition of VO2
Authors: Laverock J. , Kittiwatanakul S. , Zakharov A. A. , Niu Y. R. , Chen B. , Kuyyalil J. , Wolf S. A. , Lu J. W. , Smith K. E.
Published: May 2015

We present a simultaneous photoemission spectroscopic, low-energy electron diffraction and low-energy electron microscopic study of the metal-insulator transition of strained VO2. The fraction of rutile structure is extracted from the microscopic measurements throughout the transition, and compared with the fraction of the metallic electrons from photoemission data. We find that at intermediate temperatures, while the system is predominantly monoclinic-like in structure, the electronic component of the transition is much further advanced. Our results provide direct evidence for a monoclinic-like metallic phase of VO2 that is easily accessible at ambient temperatures and pressures.
Catechol-Bearing Polymeric Nanoparticles for Antioxidant Therapy
Authors: Hasegawa Urara , Moriyama Masaki , Uyama Hiroshi , van der Vlies André J. , Metzger Stéphanie , Ehrbar Martin
Published: May 2015

Polymeric nanoparticles having redox-active catechol moieties, a common structural motif found in naturally-occurring antioxidants, were developed. We synthesized an amphiphilic catechol-bearing polymer that self-assembled to form nanoparticles with a diameter of 126 nm. The nanoparticles showed enhanced ROS-scavenging activity compared to the small catecholic compound dopamine. Furthermore, the nanoparticles inhibited ROS-mediated angiogenesis as shown by the endothelial cell tube formation assay and the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay.
Endo- und Ektoparasiten bei Neuweltkameliden und ihre Bekämpfung
Authors: Schmäschke R.
Published: May 2015

Anhand einer Literaturübersicht werden die häufigsten Parasiten der Neuweltkameliden mit ihren für die Diagnose relevanten morphologischen Merkmalen und Schadwirkungen beschrieben. Aufbauend auf dem Lebenszyklus der Parasiten werden Möglichkeiten der Prophylaxe und Therapie aufgezeigt. Die Darlegung soll dem Tierarzt helfen, häufig auftretende Parasitosen bei Neuwelkameliden zu erkennen und erfolgreich zu therapieren.
Bestimmung der hyperregeneratorischen Ösophagopathie bei Hunden mit klinischen Anzeichen einer Speiseröhrenerkrankung
Authors: Kook P. , Araujo R. , Hörauf A. , Vieth M. , Münster M.
Published: May 2015

Hypothese der Studie war, dass sich typische Kriterien einer hyperregeneratorischen Ösophagopathie (HRÖ) des Menschen wie Hyperplasie der Basalzellschicht und Verlängerung der Stromapapillen im Epithel des kaninen Ösophagus nachweisen lassen und dass diese Veränderungen assoziiert sind mit auf gastroösophagealen Reflux (GÖR) hinweisenden Symptome und endoskopischen Läsionen.

Bei 65 adulten Hunden mit klinischen Anzeichen einer Speiseröhrenerkrankung erfolgten Ösophagoskopien und Biopsien. Auf GÖR hinweisende Symptome (Regurgitieren, Ptyalismus, schmerzhaftes Unwohlsein) wurden prospektiv über einen Fragebogen ermittelt. Mittels Videoendoskopie wurden auf GÖR hinweisende minimale Veränderungen und deutliche Mukosaschäden erfasst. Neben einer histologischen Untersuchung der Ösophagusbioptate wurden Strukturen des ösophagealen Plattenepithels mikroskopisch morphometrisch quantifiziert.

Das ösophageale Plattenepithel zeigte sich histologisch bei 48 Hunden unauffällig und bei 17 Hunden bestand eine HRÖ mit Vorliegen beider pathognomonischer Veränderungen (Hyperplasie der Basalzellschicht, Verlängerung der Stromapapillen). Die Basalzellschicht und die Stromapapillen waren morphometrisch bei den 17 Hunden mit HRÖ signifikant (jeweils p < 0,0001) breiter und länger als bei den 48 Hunden ohne HRÖ. Symptome von GÖR insgesamt sowie Regurgitieren fanden sich signifikant (p = 0,02 bzw. p = 0,009) häufiger bei den 17 Hunden mit HRÖ als bei den 48 Hunden ohne HRÖ. Ebenso wurden endoskopische Läsionen insgesamt sowie minimale auf GÖR hinweisende endoskopische Veränderungen signifikant (p = 0,002 bzw. p = 0,004) häufiger bei den 17 Hunden mit HRÖ festgestellt als bei den 48 Hunden ohne HRÖ.

Typische Merkmale der hyperregeneratorischen Ösophagopathie des Menschen lassen sich auch im kaninen Speiseröhrenepithel nachweisen. Die histologischen Veränderungen sind assoziiert mit Symptomen und endoskopischen Läsionen, die auf einen gastroösophagealen Reflux hinweisen.
Nanomedicine and therapy of lung diseases
Authors: Garcia Fabrício de Melo
Published: May 2015

The use of nanotechnology has significantly increased in different fields of science, including the development of drug delivery systems. Currently, the most modern pharmaceutical nanocarriers, such as liposomes, micelles, nanoemulsions and polymeric nanoparticles, demonstrate extremely useful properties from the point of view of drug therapy. In this context, the development of nanocarriers for pulmonary application has been much debated by the scientific community in recent decades. Although research on the use of nanoparticles for pulmonary application are still in the initial phase, the studies conducted to date suggest that the development of drug delivery systems for systemic or local treatment of diseases that affect the respiratory system may be promising.
The relationship between vitamin D status, physical activity and insulin resistance in overweight and obese subjects
Authors: Kavadar Gülis , Demircioğlu Demet Tekdöş , Özgönenel Levent , Emre Tuluhan Yunus
Published: May 2015

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence has been increasing worldwide along with the rise of obesity and sedantery lifestyle. Decreased physical activity (PA) and obesity have also been associated with the low vitamin D levels. We aimed to determine the association between PA, vitamin D status and insulin resistance in overweight and obese subjects. A total of 294 (186 female, 108 male) overweight or obese subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), insulin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c levels were measured in blood samples. Body mass index (BMI), HOMA-index and total score of International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form (IPAQ) were calculated. Insulin resistant subjects were compared with the non-resistant group. The mean age of the participants was 45±12.25 and 41.39±10.32; 25(OH)D levels were 8.91 ± 4.30 and 17.62 ± 10.47 ng/dL; BMIs were 31.29 ± 4.48  and 28.2 ± 3.16 kg/m², IPAQ total scores were 548.71±382.81 and 998±486.21 in the insulin resistant and nonresistant subjects, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in terms of 25(OH)D, FPG, insulin levels, IPAQ  total score and BMI between the two groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001).Significantly low 25(OH)D levels, high BMI and low PA in insulin resistant subjects confirm the importance of active lifestyle and the maintenance of normal vitamin D levels in overweight and obese subjects in prevention of T2DM.
Electrical Savings in Oil Production
Authors: Bullock J. E.
Published: May 2015

Many oil production operations do not efficiently utilize electricity. Recommended methods for improving electrical efficiency and reducing electric bills are: Install pump-off controllers and timers.Modify pumping unit stroke length and speed.Use multi-mode motors in low mode.Use cog-type belts.Improve power factor with capacitors.Utilize electric rate options.
The Effects of Size, Shape, and Orientation of an Impermeable Region on Transient Pressure Testing
Authors: Britto P. , Sageev A.
Published: May 2015

A practical consideration of the effects of the shape, size, and orientation of an impermeable reservoir region on transient pressure testing is presented. The constant rate production well is external to the impermeable region. Impermeable regions may be in the form of sealing fractures of finite length, that have little volume associated with them and are only a local restriction to fluid flow. These regions may also be shale lenses or reduced permeability regions that in addition to being a restriction to flow occupy a significant reservoir volume. This paper considers a single impermeable region with various sizes, shapes, and orientations with respect to the active source well.

The transient pressure response of the constant rate well is generated by replacing the impermeable boundaries by a set of line sources, and then applying the method of superposition. This method can be extended to include pressure responses of interference wells. The method is validated by matching the pressure responses of simple cases like a linear no-flow boundary and an internal circular no-flow boundary.

The key issue of this paper is the detectability of large scale impermeable reservoir regions by transient pressure analysis. The presence of an impermeable region causes the pressure response to deviate from the homogeneous line source response. This pressure deviation is the indication that the reservoir is heterogeneous. Four major parameters affect the pressure response of the active source well in the presence of an impermeable region: 1. the shortest distance between the well and the impermeable region, 2. the size of the region, 3. the shape of the region, and 4. the orientation of the region. This paper presents combinations of these four parameters that significantly affect the transient pressure response as well as some criteria for deciding what impermeable regions may be uniquely detected.
Gladfelter Deconvolution
Authors: Kuchuk F. J.
Published: May 2015

The Gladfelter (Gladfelter, Tracy, and Wilsey1) deconvolution method has been used for the last three decades for determining the constant rate behavior of the well-reservoir system from simultaneously measured downhole flow rate (afterflow) and pressure data. The success of the Gladfelter deconvolution method depends on the behavior of the downhole flow rate. It is shown that the method works only if the downhole flow rate varies linearly with time. It is also shown that the commonly assumed first semilog straight line due to the Gladfelter deconvolution is instead a tangential line that is parallel to the final semilog straight line.

The validity of the Gladfelter deconvolution method is investigated for different wellbore geometries such as line, cylindrical, and spherical source wells, as well as fractured wells. Some useful asymptotic solutions are presented for the interpretation of simultaneously measured downhole flow rate and pressure.
The Performance of Perforated Completions in Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Ichara M. J.
Published: May 2015

Although investigational work has been conducted to determine the performance of perforated completions in oil wells, not much is known about the performance of perforated completions in gas reservoirs. It is the objective of this paper to help fill this gap.

A finite-element program was used to study in great detail the effects of perforation geometry and formation properties in the performance of completed gas wells. More specifically, the influences of (i) shot density, (ii) perforation length, (iii) phasing angle, (iv) formation permeability, (v) formation anisotropy and (vi) turbulence factor were studied.

The results include the following: (i) In gas reservoirs with drawdown in the order of Δp2 = 6.75 × 106psi2 (Δp = 1500psi), turbulence effects are negligible when the horizontal permeability is equal to or less than 10 md., but can be very significant if the permeability is in the order of 1 darcy or more, (ii) When turbulence effects are not dominant, perforation length and phasing angle can affect productivity ratios, (iii) In anisotropic formations high shot density (≥ 12 shots/ft) with deep penetration (≥ 15 in.) is required for the well to perform better than an open hole completion; (iv) Turbulence effects can cause up to 74% loss in production in high-permeability formations.

The nomograph generated in this paper can be used to predict productivity ratios and skin factors in gas reservoirs.
Practical Approach to Caprock Analysis
Authors: Carlson M. R. , Uwiera Michelle , Cooper Peter , Lee Dickson , MacDonald Adam
Published: May 2015

The issues of caprock integrity have been thrust into the forefront of consideration and regulation. There have been several documented steam and bitumen leaks to surface and recently the AER has placed a moratorium on the licensing of shallow thermal in-situ oilsand projects. They have also sent out a series of draft requirements. In the interim, the draft letters are a good indicator of future requirements.

A brief description will be made of the main technical issues in determining caprock integrity. A detailed discussion will also be made of the 5 separate documents issued by the AER. A practical approach to deal with these technical and regulatory requirements will be outlined. The foundation of all of this analysis is a good understanding of the conditions in the ground. The paper will concentrate on core acquisition, storage, analysis and preservation from the drill site to the laboratory. This is the starting point for laboratory testing, MOP determination, geomechanical modelling and thermal reservoir simulation.

Failure to properly quantify the geomechanical properties and in-situ stress can increase the potential for failure. This could end a project, tie up capital, produce environmental liabilities and risk public safety. Responsible development of thermal projects requires that caprock integrity be quantified.
Drained/Undrained Zones Boundary in Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage Process
Authors: Irani Mazda , Gates Ian
Published: May 2015

Li et al. (2004) described three zones at the edge of steam chambers based on drainage conditions: 1. drained, 2. partially drained, and 3. undrained. In the drained zone, the pore pressure is controlled by injection pressure and fluid mobility within this region is sufficient to drain additional pore pressures due to shear dilation and pore fluid thermal expansion. The undrained zone lies beyond the partially drained zone and extends to virgin reservoir far beyond the chamber. In this zone shearing behaves under undrained condition; by this they mean no volume change occurs but shear lead to changes in pore pressure. Li et al. (2004) proposed that the boundaries of these zones are based on bitumen viscosity which relates to the temperature distribution beyond the steam interface. Since drained/undrained conditions impact the geomechanics at the edge of the chamber, we investigate whether Li et al.’s assumption that there is no volume change within the sheared zone is correct and is supported by field data. Here, we establish the physics associated with the undrained zone at the edge of SAGD steam chamber and explore the pressure front versus temperature front of different oil sand field projects. The results reveal that the drained zone governed by pressure front advancement is greater in extent than the sheared zone.. The thermodynamics of the undrained zone is discussed to derive a new theory for mechano-thermal phenomena at the edge of the chamber. The results from the theory show that the drained zone extends beyond the temperature front and thus, from a geomechanical point of view, the system solely consists of the drained and partially drained zones.
Novel Water-Based Fluids for Oil-Sands Drilling
Authors: Deng Zhao , Livanec Philip W. , Deville Jay P.
Published: May 2015

Drilling through oil sands poses a special challenge as a result of the sticky nature of bitumen and the unconsolidated nature of oil sands. Although bitumen adheres to drilling tools, causing high torque and drag and a reduced rate of penetration (ROP), the unconsolidated oil sands impose an additional difficulty associated with maintaining a gauge wellbore. Common methods to counter the adhesive nature of bitumen have involved the dissolution of the bitumen into the drilling fluid, which contaminates and impairs the drilling fluid and jeopardizes the wellbore stability. This paper presents a novel solution to overcome these issues. Through thoughtful design and formulation, a new oil sands drilling fluid (OSDF) system has been developed that contains a key multifunctional polymer additive as a bitumen modifier, filtration control agent, and lubricant. A comprehensive evaluation of this fluid system was made through a series of tests, including bitumen accretion, shear stability, fluid loss, foaming tendency, and lubricity. From all test results, the new OSDF demonstrated excellent performance in the prevention of bitumen accretion and the reduction of mud contamination. It also provides a low foaming tendency, good fluid loss control, enhanced lubricity, and operational flexibility at the full pH range. In addition, to be able to monitor the content of the key polymer additive at the rig site, two new field methods were developed to accurately quantify its concentration in the drilling mud. All of these advantages should provide superior rig performance in terms of avoidance of tool accretion and bit balling, enhanced wellbore stability, reduced torque and drag, and facilitation of running liner after the completion of drilling. This new development is an engineered solution that takes all aspects of oil sands drilling into consideration
A Practical Approach for the Modeling of Foamy Oil Drive Process
Authors: Shen Chonghui
Published: May 2015

Cold heavy oil production exploits the mechanism of enhanced solution gas (or foamy-oil) drive to achieve an economic oil flow rate and ultimate recovery. Understanding the dynamics of foamy-oil drive and being able to simulate the process make it possible to evaluate the potential of cold production more realistically.

A generic kinetic model based on known solution gas exsolution and evolution process has been proposed and tested. The sequence of gas exsolution in foamy-oil drive can be described by the following four major steps and corresponding (first-order) mechanisms: Supersaturation from pressure drawdownBubble nucleation under super-saturationBubble growth under molecular diffusionBubble coalescence from film drainage

The effects of dispersed gas on the gas phase mobility has been modeled with a simple viscosity mixing rule by assigning a much higher viscosity to the dispersed gas component. The benefits of this approach is that the apparent low mobility of the gas phase in the foamy-oil drive process can be attributed to the viscosity change, instead of rate dependent relative permeability. Therefore, a “normal” relative permeability can be used for a wide range of rate conditions.

The proposed dynamic model has been validated with the history matches of both the volume draw down and the pressure draw down laboratory test data. The validation reveals that one can use a set of consistent dynamic parameters to match the results of various tests under different draw down rates.

The dynamic model has been implemented in a commercial reservoir simulator (CMG-STARS) with available options.
Steam Circulation Strategies in the Fengcheng SAGD Project to Achieve Enhanced Conformance and Production: A Case Study
Authors: Wu Yongbin , Li Xiuluan , Liu Xueqi , Li Jun , Zhao Rui , Yang Liu , He Wanjun , Gao Liang
Published: May 2015

A sizable number of heavy oil reservoirs that are developed by SAGD in Xinjiang Oilfield in China are heterogeneous and shaly. Particularly the distribution of shale barriers between the horizontal segments of injector and producer has significant impact on the steam chamber development. Conventional steam circulation approach does not consider the location of shale barriers, where poor or no steam chamber develops after converting to SAGD production mode consequently. In order to achieve uniform heat communication, the practical methods of operation during SAGD circulation phase are presented, and the application performances in Fengcheng SAGD project are also discussed.

In this work, the steam circulation is divided into 3 phases: (1)Low pressure circulation phase(Pinj=Pr+0.2MPa); (2)High pressure circulation phase(Pinj=Pfrac-0.5MPa); (3)Partial-SAGD phase, which include 3 cases: case1 where the shale barriers or low permeability sections are located around heel, only the short tubing of injector injects, while the producer continues circulation by long tubing injection and short tubing production; case2 where the shale barriers are located around toe, only the long tubing of injector injects, while the producer continue circulation by long tubing injection and short tubing production; case 3 where the shale barriers are located around the middle of the horizontal segment, the long tubing and short tubing of injector inject simultaneously, while the producer continue circulation by long tubing injection and short tubing production. Other parameters of injection and production are also optimized.

The phase-by-phase steam circulation strategy is particularly effective for SAGD projects with low permeability sections and shale barriers distribution between the horizontal segments. During 2013-2014, 18 wellpairs in Fengcheng SAGD project have been carried out the strategies from this paper and converted into SAGD production phase. Uniform conformance along horizontal sections of the wellpair was achieved, and the oil production rate is 1.5-2 times higher than wellpairs using conventional circulation approaches.
Real-Time Seismic Surveillance of Thermal EOR at Peace River
Authors: Lopez J. L. , Wills P. B. , Follett J. R. , Barker T. B. , Xue Y. , Przybysz-Jarnut J. K. , Potters J. H. , van Lokven M. , Brouwer D. R. , Berron C.
Published: May 2015

Permanent reservoir monitoring solutions, if of high enough sensitivity and low enough cost, can be used to tackle the many problems faced by seismic monitoring onshore and thereby increase the profitability of such IOR/EOR projects. Here we focus on thermal EOR monitoring using a SeisMovie® system provided by CGG, installed in one of the production pads in Peace River, and recording data since May 2014. The daily seismic data are integrated with other surveillance data to monitor steam conformance and provide options to adjust injection and production schedules to optimize recovery.
Production of Gases During Thermal Displacement Tests
Authors: Butron Jessica , Bryan Jonathan , Yu Xiaoli , Kantzas Apostolos
Published: May 2015

During laboratory testing of thermal processes (hot water and steam displacement of bitumen) a consistent observation has been the production of very high gas volumes with produced oil and water. These gases are many times more in volume than what is expected from solution GOR and what is observed in the field. This paper presents an ensemble of experimental results of thermal displacement tests in oil sand and bitumen bearing carbonate rocks. The focus of analysis of these tests deals with the generation of non-condensable gases.

Various laboratory core floods are run over a temperature range of 160 – 200°C+. Tests are run on native-state oil sand and carbonate samples, containing original saturations of bitumen and connate water. Cores are exposed to either hot water or steam, in linear flooding configurations or soaking conditions. The output from these tests is a measurement of produced gas volumes and compositions as a function of either soaking time or volumes of water/steam injected through the core. Tests were conducted on McMurray oil sand, Grand Rapids oil sand, and carbonate systems.

During thermal displacements and at temperatures as low as 160°C, gases are generated. The gases are predominantly CO2 and H2 with traces of CH4 (which is usually seen early in the experiments) and other low carbon hydrocarbons. The last ones are usually at the noise level of the analytical instruments. What is significant is that at the lower temperatures there is no apparent generation of H2S and that supports the fact that the gas generation process is not aquathermolysis driven. The generation of gases is apparent in bitumen rich and bitumen free samples. This supports the assumption that the generation of gases is geochemical in nature, as well as through organic decomposition.

The conclusion of the analysis indicates that the generation of such gases is caused by the combined effects of water/oil and water/solids reactions. Gas generation is affected by the system conditions and in general higher gas volumes are produced at lower P/Psat. Gas production is also strongly affected by surface contact between water and solids, which leads to lower apparent gas generation rates in carbonates compared to oil sands, and higher gas production from floods compared to soaking tests. The effect of such reactions in the exploitation of clay bearing sands and carbonate rocks is that the generation of extra gases will affect the thermodynamics (partial pressures), heat transfer (insulation) and relative permeability curves of the intended processes (SAGD, CSS, SAGD-solvent).
Enhanced Viscosity Formulations For Steam Foam Applications: Impact On Performances In Bulk And Porous Media
Authors: Cuenca Amandine , Lacombe Emie , Chabert Max , Morvan Mikel , Delamaide Eric
Published: May 2015

Heavy oil extraction is mostly based on thermal EOR processes. Warming up the reservoir reduces oil viscosity, makes it more mobile and in turn enhances heavy oil recovery. The most prominent thermal heavy oil EOR method relies on steam injection. This recovery process consumes high quantities of fresh water and energy to produce the steam, and heat loss due to reservoir heterogeneities and thief zones must be minimized. For that purpose, steam foams can be used to decrease steam mobility and improve its utilization by a better distribution in the reservoir. Selection of appropriate products for steam harsh temperature conditions poses several challenges regarding chemicals stability and foam durability. We have shown in previous papers that synergistic association of thermally stable surfactants can highly improve high temperature foaming performances. Here, we extend these results to specific surfactant formulations designed to provide enhanced bulk viscosity. These formulations are intended to compensate for the strong decrease of water viscosity with temperature. This is expected to enhance steam foams lifetime and in turn provide a better steam mobility control in application conditions.

Bulk foam half-life is highly dependent on experimental conditions, in particular on the initial state of the foam in terms of quality and bubble size. This is even truer for steam foams that are also highly sensitive to possible temperature gradients. An optimized experimental setup has been developed to evaluate high temperature foam half-life obtained with standard and enhanced viscosity formulations. We couple these measurements with rheology and mobility reduction evaluation in sandpack experiments.

Based on these various parameters, we try to extract correlations between bulk steam foam half-life, bulk viscosity and mobility reduction in porous media.

This paper describes the characteristics of newly developed enhanced viscosity surfactant formulations, and also provides data regarding impact of viscosity on high temperature foam stability and mobility reduction.