bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of hybrid distance based kNN classification
Authors: Kumar N. Suresh , Praveena Pothina
Published: May 2021

The evolution of classification of opinion mining and user review analysis span from decades reaching into ubiquitous computing in efforts such as movie review analysis. The performance of linear and non-linear models are discussed to classify the positive and negative reviews of movie data sets. The effectiveness of linear and non-linear algorithms are tested and compared in-terms of average accuracy. The performance of various algorithms is tested by implementing them on internet movie data base (IMDB). The hybrid kNN model optimizes the performance classification interns of accuracy. The accuracy of polarity prediction rate is improved with random-distance-weighted-kNN-ABC when compared with kNN algorithm applied alone.
Multiomic Profiling in Black and White Populations Reveals Novel Candidate Pathways in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Incident Heart Failure Specific to Black Adults
Authors: Katz Daniel H. , Tahir Usman A. , Ngo Debby , Benson Mark D. , Gao Yan , Shi Xu , Nayor Matthew , Keyes Michelle J. , Larson Martin G. , Hall Michael E. , Correa Adolfo , Sinha Sumita , Shen Dongxiao , Herzig Matthew , Yang Qiong , Robbins Jeremy M. , Chen Zsu-Zsu , Cruz Daniel E. , Peterson Bennet , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Wang Thomas J. , Wilson James G. , Gerszten Robert E.
Published: May 2021

Background:

Increased left ventricular (LV) mass is associated with adverse cardiovascular events including heart failure (HF). Both increased LV mass and HF disproportionately affect Black individuals. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we undertook a proteomic screen in a Black cohort and compared the findings to results from a White cohort.

Methods:

We measured 1305 plasma proteins using the SomaScan platform in 1772 Black participants (mean age, 56 years; 62% women) in JHS (Jackson Heart Study) with LV mass assessed by 2-dimensional echocardiography. Incident HF was assessed in 1600 participants. We then compared protein associations in JHS to those observed in White participants from FHS (Framingham Heart Study; mean age, 54 years; 56% women).

Results:

In JHS, there were 110 proteins associated with LV mass and 13 proteins associated with incident HF hospitalization with false discovery rate <5% after multivariable adjustment. Several proteins showed expected associations with both LV mass and HF, including NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; β=0.04;
P
=2×10
−8
; hazard ratio, 1.48;
P
=0.0001). The strongest association with LV mass was novel: LKHA4 (leukotriene-A4 hydrolase; β=0.05;
P
=5×10
−15
). This association was confirmed on an alternate proteomics platform and further supported by related metabolomic data. Fractalkine/CX3CL1 (C-X3-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1) showed a novel association with incident HF (hazard ratio, 1.32;
P
=0.0002). While established biomarkers such as cystatin C and NT-proBNP showed consistent associations in Black and White individuals, LKHA4 and fractalkine were significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions:

We identified several novel biological pathways specific to Black adults hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiologic cascade of LV hypertrophy and incident HF including LKHA4 and fractalkine.
CalTrack: High-Throughput Automated Calcium Transient Analysis in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Psaras Yiangos , Margara Francesca , Cicconet Marcelo , Sparrow Alexander J. , Repetti Giuliana G. , Schmid Manuel , Steeples Violetta , Wilcox Jonathan A.L. , Bueno-Orovio Alfonso , Redwood Charles S. , Watkins Hugh C. , Robinson Paul , Rodriguez Blanca , Seidman Jonathan G. , Seidman Christine E. , Toepfer Christopher N.
Published: May 2021

Rationale:

Calcium transient analysis is central to understanding inherited and acquired cardiac physiology and disease. Although the development of novel calcium reporters enables assays of CRISPR/Cas-9 genome-edited induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes and primary adult cardiomyocytes, existing calcium-detection technologies are often proprietary and require specialist equipment, whereas open-source workflows necessitate considerable user expertise and manual input.

Objective:

We aimed to develop an easy to use open-source, adaptable, and automated analysis pipeline for measuring cellular calcium transients, from image stack to data output, inclusive of cellular identification, background subtraction, photobleaching correction, calcium transient averaging, calcium transient fitting, data collation, and aberrant behavior recognition.

Methods and Results:

We developed CalTrack, a MatLab-based algorithm, to monitor fluorescent calcium transients in living cardiomyocytes, including isolated single cells or those contained in 3-dimensional tissues or organoids, and to analyze data acquired using photomultiplier tubes or employing line scans. CalTrack uses masks to segment cells allowing multiple cardiomyocyte transients to be measured from a single field of view. After automatically correcting for photobleaching, CalTrack averages and fits a string of transients and provides parameters that measure time to peak, time of decay, tau, peak fluorescence/baseline fluorescence (F
max
/F
0
), and others. We demonstrate the utility of CalTrack in primary and induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cell lines in response to pharmacological compounds and in phenotyping cells carrying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy variants.

Conclusions:

CalTrack, an open-source tool that runs on a local computer, provides automated high-throughput analysis of calcium transients in response to development, genetic or pharmacological manipulations, and pathological conditions. We expect that CalTrack analyses will accelerate insights into physiological and abnormal calcium homeostasis that influence diverse aspects of cardiomyocyte biology.
Anterior Cerebral Artery Stroke: Role of Collateral Systems on Infarct Topography
Authors: Thirugnanachandran Tharani , Beare Richard , Mitchell Melissa , Wong Chloe , Vuong Jason , Singhal Shaloo , Slater Lee-Anne , Hilton James , Sinnott Mathew , Srikanth Velandai , Ma Henry , Phan Thanh
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:

The circle of Willis (CoW) and leptomeningeal anastomoses play an important role in transforming infarct topography following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Their role in infarct topography following anterior cerebral artery occlusion is not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the CoW and leptomeningeal anastomoses in modifying regional variation in infarct topography following occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery and its branches.

Methods:

Perfusion and magnetic resonance imaging of patients with anterior cerebral artery stroke and evidence of vessel occlusion were segmented and manually registered to standard brain template for voxel-wise comparison. Next, a computer model of the cerebral arteries was formulated as network of nodes connected by cylindrical pipes. The experiments included occlusion of successive branches of the anterior cerebral artery while the configurations of the CoW were varied.

Results:

Forty-seven patients with a median age of 77.5 years (interquartile range, 68.0–84.5 years) were studied. The regions with the highest probabilities of infarction were the superior frontal gyrus (probability =0.26) and anterior cingulate gyrus (probability =0.24). The regions around the posterior cingulate gyrus (probability =0.08), paracentral lobule (probability =0.05), precuneus and superior parietal lobule (probability =0.03) had a low probability of infarction. Following occlusions distal to the anterior communicating artery, the computer model demonstrated an increase in flow (>30%) in neighboring cortical arteries with leptomeningeal anastomoses.

Conclusions:

Traditionally the CoW has been regarded as the primary collateral system. However, our computer model shows that the CoW is only helpful in redirecting flow following proximal vessel occlusions (pre-anterior communicating artery). More important are leptomeningeal anastomoses, which play an essential role in distal vessel occlusions, influencing motor outcome by modifying the posterolateral extent of infarct topography.
Regional radiomics similarity networks (R2SNs) in the human brain: Reproducibility, small-world properties and a biological basis
Authors: Zhao Kun , Zheng Qiang , Che Tongtong , Martin Dyrba , Li Qiongling , Ding Yanhui , Zheng Yuanjie , Liu Yong , Li Shuyu
Published: May 2021

A structural covariance network (SCN) has been used successfully in structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) studies. However, most SCNs have been constructed by a unitary marker that is insensitive for discriminating different disease phases. The aim of this study was to devise a novel regional radiomics similarity network (R2SN) that could provide more comprehensive information in morphological network analysis. R2SNs were constructed by computing the Pearson correlations between the radiomics features extracted from any pair of regions for each subject. We further assessed the small-world properties of R2SNs, and we evaluated the reproducibility in different datasets and through test-retest analysis. The relationships between the R2SNs and general intelligence/interregional coexpression of enriched genes were also explored. R2SNs could be replicated in different datasets, regardless of the use of different feature subsets. R2SNs showed high reproducibility in the test-retest analysis (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.7). In addition, the small-word property (σ > 2) and the high correlation between gene expression (R = 0.29, p < 0.001) and general intelligence were determined for R2SNs. Furthermore, the results have also been repeated in the Brainnetome atlas. R2SNs provide a novel, reliable, and biologically plausible method to understand human morphological covariance based on sMRI.
Pogostemon jaitapurensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from India based on morphological and molecular evidence

Authors: CHANDORE ARUN NIVRUTTI , TAMBOLI ASIF SHABODIN , BORUDE DEVIDAS BHAUSAHEB , GHOLAVE AVINASH RAMCHANDRA , GOVINDWAR SANJAY PRABHU , YADAV SHRIRANG RAMACHANDRA
Published: May 2021

Based on morphological and molecular analyses, Pogostemon jaitapurensis is described and illustrated as a new species from Konkan region of Maharashtra, India. Present study added the molecular data of Indian endemic Pogostemon species of sect. Verticillatus and provide their phylogenetic placement. The bayesian and parsimony phylogenetic analyses conducted resolve Pogostemon into two clades, from them the new species belongs to Clade B and shows close relationship with species of sect. Verticillatus. A possible relationship between the new species and P. deccanensis and P. erectus, endemic to India, is also revealed by the phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetically, the new species has been also placed in genus Pogostemon subg. Dysophyllus sect. Verticillatus. Sectional classification of these species is congruent with their phylogenetic positions.
Technology, Media Literacy, and the Human Subject
Authors: Lewis Richard S.
Published: May 2021

What does it mean to be media literate in today’s world? How are we transformed by the many media infrastructures around us? We are immersed in a world mediated by information and communication technologies (ICTs). From hardware like smartphones, smartwatches, and home assistants to software like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Snapchat, our lives have become a complex, interconnected network of relations. Scholarship on media literacy has tended to focus on developing the skills to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media messages without considering or weighing the impact of the technological medium—how it enables and constrains both messages and media users. Additionally, there is often little attention paid to the broader context of interrelations which affect our engagement with media technologies.

This book addresses these issues by providing a transdisciplinary method that allows for both practical and theoretical analyses of media investigations. Informed by postphenomenology, media ecology, philosophical posthumanism, and complexity theory the author proposes both a framework and a pragmatic instrument for understanding the multiplicity of relations that all contribute to how we affect—and are affected by—our relations with media technology. The author argues persuasively that the increased awareness provided by this posthuman approach affords us a greater chance for reclaiming some of our agency and provides a sound foundation upon which we can then judge our media relations. This book will be an indispensable tool for educators in media literacy and media studies, as well as academics in philosophy of technology, media and communication studies, and the post-humanities.
5. Developing the Intrasubjective Mediating Framework
Authors: Lewis Richard S.
Published: May 2021

Simply put, before we can truly achieve media literacy, we need to be self-literate. This involves moving beyond the ‘content’ of who we are and becoming knowledgeable as to what and how we are as a complex system. The ‘what’ can be understood as the structure or cartography of relations that constitute our selves, and the ‘how’ is the process of our mediated constitution. Both give rise to a system of becoming that is continually emergent and complex. Media technologies are a part of this process and are also affected by—and affect—the other constituting relations in our lives. In order to comprehensively understand media literacy, I develop a posthuman approach that consists of an intrasubjective mediating framework developed in this chapter along with a pragmatic instrument that leverages the framework in the next chapter.
6. Developing an Instrument to Leverage the Framework
Authors: Lewis Richard S.
Published: May 2021

The final step in the posthuman approach is to develop the theoretical framework into a pragmatic instrument that can be used to facilitate critical reflection and engagement with media. In order to do so, I return to a museum selfie that I took while conducting a postphenomenological study. It was this experience that inspired my desire to find a more inclusive framework beyond postphenomenology to investigate technological relations. I begin with a description of this foundational event and then investigate the museum selfie through the development of an instrument that helps identify many of the influencing relations that contributed to both my own and the selfie's constitution. From here I propose a generalized instrument and exercise that can be used by media instructors and students. The benefit of the instrument developed in this chapter is how it can help us realize and foreground the many relations that are occurring at any given moment. For media literacy, this allows us to better situate any media or media event that we are interested in investigating, interconnecting the event with the broad spectrum of constituting relations.
A Convolutional Neural Network-Based Triplet-Mining Metric Learning Schema for Measuring Patient Similarity Addressing Personalized Healthcare
Authors: Shobana G. , Shankar S.
Published: May 2021

Prediction of the development risk of some diseases is an important area of Health Care Research. When exploring the personalized care of the patients, precise identification and classification of similarity in patients from their past report is an important process. Electronically
stored health information EHRs that has been sampled unevenly as well as which has variable appointment durations, is considered to be unsuitable for measuring the similarity among patients directly, as there is no proper representation that are fitting. In addition, a technique is required
that is efficient to evaluate similarities in patient. We propose two new similarities learning environments using deep learning that learn simultaneously the representations of the patients as well as measurement of similarity in pairs. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to understand
EHRs that contains crucial information which are local thereby providing scholastic illumination in the triplet loss otherwise entropy loss. When the training is completed, distances are calculated as well as similarities scores. Using this similarity information, disease predictions along
with patient grouping is performed. Experimentally the results gives an idea that CNN can represent the EHR sequences in a better way and the schema offered are more efficient than the modern metric distance learning.
Automatic Facial Emotional Valence Detection System Modelling Using Crafted Features and Deep Neural Network
Authors: Mathan Gopi A. , Ganesan R. , Somasundaram K.
Published: May 2021

This work provides a method that merges handcrafted and automatic feature extraction with deep convolutional neural network (D-CNN) and visualization bagging (VB) to acquire effectual and improved results from traditional facial expression recognition (FER) results. To acquire features,
pre-trained model with D-CNN architecture is experimented with Dense and over sparse network. After extracting merged information, it is imposed over every featured image to protect structural information of all textured image. Therefore, dimensionality reduction of implicit feature extraction
is done with maximal pooling approach. At last, deep CNN is used to recognize class label only for testing images that was trained and classified using soft-max classifier. To validate robustness for recognizing facial expression under complex setup, simulation was performed by merging available
dataset with online dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that anticipated model can acquire recognition rate with training speed on training image is approximately two times faster than that of prevailing model. The anticipated model shows better trade off in comparison with prevailing
models. Simulation is done with MATLAB simulation environment.
A Novel ECG Automatic Detection Using LongShort-Term Memory Network and Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Liu Xufei
Published: May 2021

The early detection of cardiovascular diseases based on electrocardiogram (ECG) is very important for the timely treatment of cardiovascular patients, which increases the survival rate of patients. ECG is a visual representation that describes changes in cardiac bioelectricity and is
the basis for detecting heart health. With the rise of edge machine learning and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, small machine learning models have received attention. This study proposes an ECG automatic classification method based on Internet of Things technology and LSTM network
to achieve early monitoring and early prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Specifically, this paper first proposes a single-layer bidirectional LSTM network structure. Make full use of the timing-dependent features of the sampling points before and after to automatically extract features.
The network structure is more lightweight and the calculation complexity is lower. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed classification model, the relevant comparison algorithm is used to verify on the MIT-BIH public data set. Secondly, the model is embedded in a wearable device
to automatically classify the collected ECG. Finally, when an abnormality is detected, the user is alerted by an alarm. The experimental results show that the proposed model has a simple structure and a high classification and recognition rate, which can meet the needs of wearable devices
for monitoring ECG of patients.
Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Intestinal Loop Obstruction After Introducing Loop Syndrome After Subtotal Gastrectomy
Authors: Xuan Jingjing , Che Lingxiang , Liu Yao
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a graphical diagnosis of intestinal loop obstruction input into the loop syndrome after subtotal gastrectomy based on ultrasound diagnosis is more fluid accumulating in the bridge loop. The pressure in the intestinal loop is constantly rising, causing bile and pancreatic
juice excretion disorder, and dilation of intrahepatic and external bile ducts or dilation of pancreatic ducts, which is similar to the anatomical features of low biliary obstruction. For dilated bowel, the expansion of the upstream drainage pipe organ changes in physiological and pathological
anatomy pathological bridge loop obstruction. The ultrasound can show good and on the ming stomach ultrasound pictures of patients with loop syndrome after major resection were analyzed. Most patients with hepatic shape changed the left hepatic duct dilatation, and the inner diameter is 4.8
cm and the length is 18.0 cm. The wall of the tube is a multi-layer structure, and fold-like echoes can be seen. The lumen does not pass through the angle between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta. Patients with a history of pancreas Whillp or Child type surgery or a history
of Roux-en-Y type biliary jejunum have clinical manifestations of bowel obstruction. The ultrasound of their bridge loop obstruction showed a long tubular anechoic dark area in the upper abdomen and dilation of the upstream drainage organ duct.
Clinical Assistant Analysis of Color Doppler Ultrasound in Diagnosis Parameters of Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Gao Chenwei , Zeng Wei , Li Xueyong , Zheng Yingjuan , Liu Weiliang
Published: May 2021

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a group of clinical syndromes caused by changes in myocardial structure and function caused by any reason, leading to ventricular filling and ejection disorders. It is the final stage of the development of various cardiovascular diseases. It is a progressive
disease. Once it starts, even if there is no new myocardial damage, the clinic is still in a stable stage, and it can still continue to develop on its own. This article uses the comprehensive parameters of echocardiography to evaluate the overall heart function of patients with chronic heart
failure, and evaluates the treatment effect of patients with chronic heart failure. A total of 160 patients with chronic heart failure were studied, including 80 cases in the follow-up group, 40 cases in the non-follow-up group, and 40 cases in the normal control group. The heart failure ultrasound
index composed of the comprehensive parameters of echocardiography was used to measure brain natriureric pepride (BNP), and the heart function was graded. The results showed that when the heart failure ultrasound index value >3, the diagnosis of symptomatic chronic heart failure had a sensitivity
of 94.7%, a specificity of 94.6%, a positive predictive value of 97.8%, and a negative predictive value of 80.6%. The heart failure ultrasound index was positively correlated with plasma BNP and NYHA heart function (respectively 0.68, 0.73). After 6 months of observation, the ultrasound index
of heart failure in the follow-up group decreased significantly before and after treatment. The experimental results show that the heart failure ultrasound index can be used to guide the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure, evaluate the treatment effect, and evaluate the prognosis.
Appropriate health education and standardized medication can improve the treatment effect of chronic heart failure and improve the quality of life of patients.
Application of Magnetic Resonance-Ultra Time Echo (MR-UTE) Imaging in the Analysis of the Degree of Degeneration of the Intervertebral Disc Cartilage Endplate
Authors: Ding Weiwei , Ding Lei , Zhu Jinwen , Li Li , Ding Feng
Published: May 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most widely used imaging method in clinical lumbar spine examination. Because of its advantages of non-radiation and good tissue contrast, magnetic resonance imaging provides rich and effective diagnostic information for clinic. The most commonly
used sequence is type 2 (T2) sequence, which has a longer time (usually longer than 2000 ms). It shows well in long T2 tissues such as nucleus pulposus, cerebrospinal fluid and adipose tissue, showing moderator high signal in images, while for short T2
tissues such as cartilage endplate and anterior and posterior longitudinal zone, it is often no signal and low signal because of its short attenuation time, thus forming obvious tissue contrast. But at the same time, because the time is too long, for short T2 tissue, the signal
has been attenuated to zero before sequence acquisition, so the complete structure can not be displayed directly. In this paper, the normal human lumbar intervertebral disc was studied by conventional magnetic resonance type 1 (T1), T2 and double-echo-UTE
imaging techniques. Each part of lumbar intervertebral disc and the semi-quantitative analysis of anatomical structure in images were compared, and the advantages and characteristics of each sequence for each anatomical structure of lumbar intervertebral disc and the advantage of MR-UTE in
intervertebral disc display were discussed. It has been found that UTE, as a new sequence which can effectively image short T2 tissue, is gradually applied from experiment to clinic in bone and joint system because of its shorter time. In the gross specimens of lumbar intervertebral
disc, sequence can directly display the cartilage endplate and the short T2 tissue of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament.
Arthroscopic Imaging Treatment and Clinical Rehabilitation of Knee Sports Injuries
Authors: Kaken Habaxi , Wang Shanshan , Zhao Wei , Asihaer Baoerjiang , Wang Li
Published: May 2021

This article studies the effects of arthroscopic imaging treatment and clinical rehabilitation of knee sports injuries. Arthroscopy was used to perform meniscus trimming and resection for 40 patients with knee sports injuries. The ages of the patients ranged from 20 to 60 years old.
All patients received routine rehabilitation training such as continuous passive motion of the knee joint, biofeedback of the lower limbs, and air pressure therapy of the lower limbs. In addition, the control group was given muscle strength training, and the training began after the patients
received the quadriceps muscle strength test. The removal of the joint cavity and the joint debridement has achieved satisfactory treatment results. In the experiment, the test cases were divided into two groups, and the sensor test platform was used for signal collection. Normal activities
can be resumed 2 weeks after the operation. After a follow-up of 6 to 24 months, the knee joint pain disappeared, the joint was free of swelling, and the knee function was normal up to 93%. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament joint repair/reconstruction
of the medial and posterolateral ligament knots is safe and feasible for the treatment of multiple ligament injuries of the knee joint. It has the advantages of less trauma and quick recovery. Early postoperative systemic and standardized rehabilitation exercises can obtain good knee joint
function.
Generalized Generosity: How the Norm of Generalized Reciprocity Bridges Collective Forms of Social Exchange
Authors: Whitham Monica M.
Published: May 2021

This study examines the potential for small-scale acts of giving that are not directly reciprocated, or generalized generosities, to build social bonds and promote contributions to the group. Social exchange theorists define such acts as generalized exchange. The potential for generalized exchange to build strong social bonds relative to other forms of exchange is the subject of theoretical debate. In this article, I build on two prominent theories of social exchange—affect theory and the theory of reciprocity—to propose that a strong norm of generalized reciprocity may bridge the connective benefits of generalized exchange with the connective benefits of productive exchange, which is a collaborative form of social exchange that involves sharing pooled resources. I argue that a strong norm of generalized reciprocity will activate mechanisms theorized to build strong social bonds in generalized and productive exchange systems, and will promote additional behavioral investments into the group. I test my argument with a controlled laboratory experiment, finding strong support for the proposed causal model. The results of this study have implications for research on generosity, collective action, collaboration, sense of community, and social capital.
Moralizing the Production and Sale of Student Papers in Uganda
Authors: Frye Margaret , Woźny Anna
Published: May 2021

Sociologists have shown that moral understandings of market exchanges can differ between historical periods and institutional settings, but they have paid less attention to how producers’ moral frameworks vary depending on their unequal positions within both markets and institutions. We use interviews and ethnographic observations to examine the vibrant market of research shops selling academic work to students around two of Uganda’s top universities. We identify three groups of researchers—Knowledge Producers, Entrepreneurs, and Educators—who construct different professional identities and moral justifications of their trade, and who orient their market action accordingly. We demonstrate that these identities and moral frameworks reflect an interplay between the institutional contexts and the social class positions that researchers occupy within this illicit market. Knowledge Producers and Entrepreneurs both experienced a sense of “fit” with their respective institutional cultures, but the former now see their work as compromising ideals of research, whereas the latter capitalize on what they view as a broken system. Educators, disadvantaged at both institutions, articulate a framework countering the dominant institutional cultures and sympathetic to underperforming students. This approach illuminates how institutional contexts and individual class positions within them influence producers’ moral frameworks, leading to differentiation of the market.
National identification, a social cure for COVID-19? Evidence from 67 countries
Authors: Bonetto Eric , Delouvée Sylvain , Mahfud Yara , Adam-Troian Jais
Published: May 2021

Background:

Social distancing and mass quarantines were implemented worldwide in response to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Prior research has shown that such measures bear negative consequences for population mental health and well-being. Conversely, a growing body of evidence suggests that feeling positively identified with a group is associated with physical and mental health benefits.

Aims:

This study tested whether national identification could promote wellbeing and physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:

We used survey data conducted among 67 countries ( N = 46,450).

Results:

Mixed-model analyses revealed that national identity was associated with wellbeing – despite adjustment on social belonging, COVID-19 perceived risk, exposure and ideology. This effect did not extend to physical health.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that the mere feeling of belonging to a national group may have mental health benefits. We discuss the implications of our findings within the social cure framework and their relevance for population mental health under COVID-19.
Effect of high strain rate on tensile response and failure analysis of titanium/glass fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Sharma Ankush P , Velmurugan R
Published: May 2021

The high strain rate tensile response of titanium-based fiber metal laminates (FMLs), consisting of layers of titanium Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheet and glass fiber reinforced composites, is examined. A hand layup method is used to fabricate four different layups of FMLs, exhibiting the same thickness of the total metal layer. A split Hopkinson tensile bar apparatus is used to load titanium and composite under a high strain rate to obtain baseline data. High-speed digital image correlation is used to measure the strain directly on the specimen gage region. The elastic-plastic response of FMLs up to maximum stress is predicted by the classical laminated plate model and orthotropic plasticity model. This is followed by a behavior considering the mechanics of delamination. The results show that the layup sequence of titanium-based FMLs considerably affects the failure behavior of composites following ultimate strength. This strength increases at high strain rates and seems higher for titanium-based FMLs than aluminium-based FMLs. This is primarily caused by the rate-dependent response of the titanium and composite. The failure strain of glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GFRP) constituent, failure strain, and toughness of FMLs are affected by isolating composite layers by metallic layers within FMLs and are found to be rate sensitive. Isolation of composite layers from one another by metallic layers results in more progressive failure of FMLs. The proposed models are validated with experiments of aluminium-based FMLs available in the literature.
Dirty Work and Intimacy: Creating an Abortion Worker
Authors: Ward Kelly Marie
Published: May 2021

Abortion work has changed in the decades since Roe v. Wade, and concerns over efficiency and cost reduction have resulted in increased specialization and compartmentalization of duties among health workers. This study examines the current state of surgical abortion at a clinic in southern California. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork at an abortion clinic, I use theories of dirty work and intimate work to examine how abortion work is organized and allocated among staff. I find that work in the clinic is best understood as existing on two intersecting spectrums of intimacy and dirtiness. Whereas existing research on abortion workers has primarily focused on doctors and nurses, this study includes medical assistants and compares experiences across different occupations. I conclude that frequency, intensity, and purpose of intimate work and dirty work coalesce to create distinct types of abortion workers.
Prevalence and Phenomenology of Sensory Experiences of a Deceased Spouse: A Survey of Bereaved Older Adults
Authors: Kamp Karina S. , Steffen Edith Maria , Moskowitz Andrew , Spindler Helle
Published: May 2021

Sensory and quasi-sensory experiences of the deceased (SED), also called bereavement hallucinations, are common in bereavement, but research detailing these experiences is limited. Methods: An in-depth survey of SED was developed based on existing research, and 310 older adults from the general Danish population participated in the study 6–10 months after their spouse died. Results: SED were reported by 42% of the participants with wide-ranging phenomenological features across sensory-modalities. In particular, seeing and hearing the deceased spouse was experienced as very similar to the couple’s everyday contacts before death. SED were endorsed as positive by a majority of experiencers, and the experiences were often shared with family and friends. Discussion: SED are conceptualized as social and relational phenomena, which may comfort the surviving spouse in late-life bereavement, but also provide tangible help to some experiencers. In clinical practice, SED may be considered a potential resource for the therapeutic grief process.
Commentary on: A Call to Action: Facing the Shadow Pandemic of Complicated Forms of Grief
Authors: Eisma Maarten C. , Boelen Paul A.
Published: May 2021

In this contribution, we respond to a letter in Omega: Journal of Death and Dying by Doka. Signatories of this letter to the President of the United States convey concerns that deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic will lead to a higher prevalence of severe and persistent grief, i.e., prolonged grief disorder. We support their call to action to direct government funding to helping those who develop this condition during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we think that concerns about prolonged grief disorder during the pandemic can be more convincingly conveyed by firmly embedding such concerns within scientific literature. Therefore, we highlight prior scientifically informed opinion pieces from various international researchers who voiced similar concerns in the early months of the pandemic. Additionally, we provide an overview of pioneering empirical research elucidating whether prolonged grief disorder and related mental health problems will become more prevalent during the pandemic.
A Point-Light Display Model for Teaching Motor Skills to Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Saber Sotoodeh Mohammad , Taheri-Torbati Hamidreza
Published: May 2021

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have limitations in their attention and working memory that affect their motor learning. The aim of current study was to compare point-light display (PLD) to video observation as instructional models for teaching motor skills to children with ASD versus typically developing (TD) children. We randomly assigned 24 children with ASD aged 6-17-years-old and 24 age paired typically developing (TD) children to four groups: (a) ASD-Video, (b) ASD-PLD, (c) TD-Video, and (d) TD-PLD. After twenty training blocks (200 trials), all participants entered into late retention and transfer testing. We recorded all participants’ visual gazes when observing each PLD and Video condition. Both PLD groups had better performance in the acquisition phase, and on retention and transfer tests. Also, gaze recordings revealed that children with ASD paid more attention to relevant demonstration points in the PLD than in the video condition. We discuss possible mechanisms and implications of these findings.
Emotional distress among police academy recruits: Humor and coping
Authors: Tuttle Brooke McQuerrey , Merten Michael J , Gardner Brandt , Bishop Alex J , Croff Julie M
Published: May 2021

Police work, beginning as early as academy training, is inherently stressful and carries risks for officer wellbeing. Humor has been cited as useful way for officers to handle stress. This study investigated the relationship between humor and emotional distress among a sample of 101 police recruits from Phase 1 of the National Police Research Platform. Findings indicated that reliance on humor as a coping strategy increased among recruits during the police academy and hierarchical regression analyses showed that greater levels of use of humor as a coping strategy in the academy predicted a decrease in emotional distress upon academy graduation.
Thinking of Crime: The State, Migrant Population and the Missing Justice
Authors: Devy G. N.
Published: May 2021

This lecture discusses the ‘idea of crime’ as it was understood by the colonial establishment and also as understood by the present government. In 1871, Lord Mayo introduced the bill leading to the infamous Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) which led to the segregation of a certain set of professions and lifestyles from the rest of society. The segregation was given a concrete form with the creation of penal settlements by the colonial government. The communities brought under the provisions of the CTA are now known as Denotified and Nomadic Tribes, not to be mistaken with adivasis. Mostly nomadic in habit, these tribes have suffered the worst humiliation in the history of modern India. In recent decades, the idea of crime has also been associated with non-state actors in order to deal with terrorism. However, the provisions of laws made towards this objective, such as the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act 1967, are being used speciously to restrain social activists and thinkers. This has raised many questions in recent years. The theme of this lecture outlines the gap between the idea of crime and the idea of justice that needs to be bridged in the interests of deepening democracy in India.
The Beggar as a Political Symbol: An Interactionist Reading of the Endurance of Anti-Begging Laws in India
Authors: Rahman Sabina Yasmin
Published: May 2021

In 2018, the Delhi High Court held that certain provisions of the state’s anti-begging law were unconstitutional. Nevertheless, such laws continue to operate in at least 20 other Indian states and union territories even today. Begging as a social phenomenon remains an under-researched subject within the social sciences, especially in India where the rare mention that the subject finds often gets subsumed within larger debates on chronic poverty or organised crime. This article begins by tracing the history of regulations around begging, followed by a discussion on the persistence of both begging and anti-begging laws prevalent today. By examining the justification underlying the criminalisation of begging, it contends that such an approach fails to provide insight into the lived experiences of individuals engaged in this activity. It therefore proposes that the analyses of begging in the Indian context adopt symbolic interactionism that lends its rich theoretical framework to enable an interpretation of the act as one of agency; a survival strategy among those living on the margins of the neoliberal urban experience. In doing so, it posits a view of the beggar as a powerful political symbol with the potential to subvert and interrogate the rules of the game in a globalised world.
Trichotillomania in a child with nephrotic syndrome: An unusual steroid induced psychiatric manifestation
Authors: Dawman Lesa , Yadav Arti , Sharawat Indar K , Srinivasan Santhiya , Sharma Akhilesh , Tiewsoh Karalanglin
Published: May 2021

Steroid-induced psychosis is a known serious adverse effect seen commonly in adults but less commonly in children. We present a seven-year-old girl with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome who developed abnormal behaviour, trichotillomania, alopecia and mood changes. She was investigated to rule out other causes and treated with tapering steroids, fluoxetine and olanzapine. A marked improvement was noted after two months. Patients on long term or high dose steroids should be monitored for adverse psychological effects of steroids, as early recognition and intervention can improve the outcome.
When the Music’s No Good: Rhythms Prompt Interactional Synchrony But Impair Affective Communication Outcomes
Authors: Schirmer Annett , Lo Clive , Wijaya Maria
Published: May 2021

Spontaneous motion synchrony between interaction partners benefits the interaction. Here we probed how musical rhythms, which are highly temporally organized, modulate this process. We video-taped conversations held in silence or with an auditory background that was metrical and regular (one measure looped), metrical and irregular (different measures in random order), non-metrical and regular, or non-metrical and irregular. Motion time-series derived from the videos entered a cross-wavelet coherence analysis showing that more musical rhythms amplified rhythm-relevant motion frequencies at the level of the individual and facilitated social synchronizing at the level of the dyad. Yet, we also observed rhythm-specific motion interference effects and reduced conversation pleasantness when compared with silence. These results indicate that musical rhythms, perhaps by imposing a temporally rigid mode of synchronizing, hinder rather than further ongoing social processes. Silence or sounds with little temporal organization and predictability seem preferable as a backdrop for interactional exchange.
Colonial Domesticity and the Modern City: Bandung in the Early Twentieth-Century Netherlands Indies
Authors: Fakih Farabi
Published: May 2021

The article shows that the expansion of modern colonial cities in the first half of twentieth-century Netherlands Indies was a result of changing colonial domesticity. The rise of European families along with the modernized middle-class Indonesian and Indonesian-Chinese families opened the market for a new kind of urban living space. Decentralization of municipalities made possible stronger relationship between local government and city boosters, who had connection with the real estate and tourism industries. This changing class and economic relations in the city resulted in the formation of an urban institution that linked local governance, the real estate industry, and the production of urban colonial imaginaries that were modern and predicated on a fetish of white, European urban spaces. Such a phenomenon has not yet been fully explored in the context of colonial cities.
To What Do I Owe This Visit? The Drawbacks and Benefits of In-Role and Non-Role Intrusions
Authors: Bush John T. , Baer Michael D. , Welsh David T. , Outlaw Ryan , Garud Niharika , Sessions Hudson
Published: May 2021

Workplace intrusions—unexpected encounters initiated by another person that disrupt an individual’s work—are generally characterized as negative experiences that deplete resources, increase role and information overload, and promote strain. In contrast, our research argues that intrusions may also provide benefits to the employees who are intruded upon. Taking a multistudy approach, we investigate how intrusions impact the extent to which employees engage in their own work—work engagement—and the extent to which they engage in work with others—collaboration. We also investigate the indirect effects of intrusions on employees’ task-focused and person-focused citizenship behavior through these mechanisms. We tested our predictions with a within-person experimental critical incident study (Study 1), an experiment (Study 2), and an experience-sampling methodology study with a sample of scientists involved in research and development (Study 3). Our research investigates the dynamics of various types of workplace intrusions, with results suggesting that intrusions may lead to beneficial employee outcomes in addition to the adverse outcomes previously demonstrated in the literature. Given the ubiquitous nature of intrusions in organizations, our findings have both theoretical and practical significance.
Selection of Variables in Data Envelopment Analysis for Evaluation of Stock Performance
Authors: Arasu B. Senthil , Kannaiah Desti , Nancy Christina J.  , Shabbir Malik Shahzad
Published: May 2021

This study deploys data envelopment analysis (DEA) to identify the appropriate variables for the performance valuation of stocks. For this purpose, sixty-nine non-financial stocks of the Nifty 100 index of The National Stock Exchange of India Ltd (NSE) were selected as a sample for this study. We segregated the selected stocks into three groups of inputs and outputs for DEA based on fundamental indicators (financial ratios); technical indicators (momentum indicators); and both, fundamental and technical indicators. The stock performance indicators are sourced from the ACE database from financial year 2014 to 2019. The results of the study suggest that all three sets of stock performance indicators help in the identification of efficient stocks. However, stocks identified under momentum indicators are seen to have been better performing in stock return compared to the other two groups. The outcome of this study may help academicians and investors construct an effective portfolio and analyse/study its performance evaluation
The intergenerational similarity of social value orientations in adolescents and emerging adults: Variable-centered and person-centered approaches
Authors: Yaban E. Helin , Sayil Melike
Published: May 2021

The current study examined the intergenerational similarity of middle adolescents’ and emerging adults’ social value orientations (SVO) using different variable-centered and person-centered approaches and whether perceived parental autonomy support and conditional regard would play a role in similarity. The sample consisted of 218 middle adolescents (ages 14–15, eighth and ninth grades) and 219 emerging adults (ages 19–25, attending university) and their mothers and fathers in a metropolitan area of Ankara, Turkey ( N = 437 triads). Our findings revealed that mother-father similarity was higher than parent-child similarity. Results indicated more similarities between emerging adults-parents than adolescents-parents, and autonomy support contributed to the similarity. Higher levels of maternal and paternal SVO has linked with prosociality of offsprings. Besides, when mothers and fathers were incongruent in reporting SVO, the emerging adults’ probability of having prosocial SVO was lower.