bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Goliath sells to David: explaining price gouging perceptions through power
Authors: Jauernig Johanna , Uhl Matthias , Pies Ingo
Published: July 2024

External shocks (e.g., due to a pandemic) may lead to price jumps in the short term. Rather than being read as a signal of increased scarcity, the resulting “price gouging” is often ascribed to sellers’ selfish exploitation of the crisis. In our experimental study, we investigate the drivers of fairness perceptions regarding voluntary transactions in situations of increased scarcity and explore how they pertain to the economic policy debate on price gouging restrictions. Departing from previous research, our results show that perceptions of power, not of the seller as the profiteer (mercantilism), drive fairness perceptions. The more powerful a transaction partner is assumed to be, the less the respective transaction is regarded as fair. In line with the literature, we also find that fairness perceptions are correlated with zero-sum thinking (i.e., a denial of the mutuality of benefits implied by voluntary transactions). Our study helps to better understand why some market regulations appear attractive despite suboptimal outcomes, thus revealing a mixing of the micro and the macro cosmos, against which Hayek warned. By casting a light on the psychological mechanisms behind attitudes toward markets, we aim to improve the assessment of legitimacy issues and contribute to explaining (and overcoming) the moral paradox of modernity.
Deferred reference, meaning transfer or coercion? Toward a new principle of accounting for systematic uses of proper names
Authors: Kijania-Placek Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

Proper names are typically considered to be devices of individual reference. Since Frege (1882), the debate has mainly concerned the proper semantic characteristics of this individual reference. Burge (J Philos 70:425–439, 1973) challenged this focus by highlighting the predicative uses of proper names and proposed that names are predicates even if they appear as bare singulars in the argument position. In turn, this unificatory account was subjected to criticism by Böer, Jeshion, and others, who provided counterexamples to the predicativist analysis of proper names. In this paper, I want to analyze the nonreferential uses of proper names, which, by being nonreferential, provide a challenge for both predicativism and referentialism about proper names. I critically examine the processes proposed as possible accounts of the problematic examples, i.e. deferred reference, meaning transfer, and coercion, and argue that they do not provide an adequate analysis. I propose an interpretive mechanism that accounts for these problematic uses of proper names, as well as a new principle for classifying the kinds of uses of proper names based on the interpretive mechanisms underlying those uses and which includes all of the kinds of uses discussed in the literature.
Internal Medicine Acting Internship Trends in Rotation Structure and Student Responsibilities: Results from a 2023 National Survey
Authors: Garber Adam M. , Vu T. Robert , Orr Andrew , Adams William , Anderson Irsk , Fitz Matthew , Ferris Allison
Published: July 2024

Background

The acting internship (AI) in internal medicine plays a key role in the transition from medical school to residency. While there have been recent changes in medical education including a pass/fail USMLE Step 1 and increasing use of competency-based assessment, there has not been a large survey of the state of the AI in many years.

Objective

To assess the current landscape of the internal medicine AI and identify areas in need of standardization.

Design

This was a voluntary online survey of medical schools in the United States (U.S.).

Participants

Course directors of the AI rotation at U.S. medical schools.

Main Measures

Number of AI rotations required for graduation, length of AI rotation, types of services allowed for AI, clinical responsibilities of students, curricular components.

Key Results

Response rate was 50.7% (71/140 LCME accredited schools). All responding institutions require at least one AI for graduation, with nearly all schools integrating students into resident teaching teams, and almost half also allowing AI students to work on hospitalist services. Students carry 3–4 patients per day on average with a maximum of 5–6 in most institutions. Students are responsible for most aspects of patient care including notes, orders, interprofessional communication, and transitions of care. Night call or night float responsibilities are infrequently required. The structured curriculum published by AAIM is used by only 41% of schools.

Conclusions

The internal medicine AI continues to be a staple in the medical school experience, but there is variation in the structure, curriculum, and expectations on the rotation. Opportunities exist to improve standardization of the AI experience and expectations to better prepare medical students for the transition from medical school to residency.
Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases in lung cancer patients: dose‒response effect and toxicity
Authors: Pan Kaicheng , Wang Bing , Xu Xiao , Liang Jiafeng , Tang Yi , Ma Shenglin , Xia Bing , Zhu Lucheng
Published: July 2024

Background

Lung cancer is a common cause of brain metastases, approximately 40% of patients with lung cancer will develop brain metastases at some point during their disease. Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT) has been demonstrated to be effective in controlling limited brain metastases. However, there is still no conclusive on the optimal segmentation of HSRT. The aim of our study was to explore the correlation between the HSRT dosage and its treatment effect and toxicity.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastasis at Hangzhou Cancer Hospital from 1 January 2019 to 1 January 2021. The number of brain metastases did not exceed 10 in all patients and the number of fractions of HSRT was 5. The prescription dose ranges from 25 to 40 Gy. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for estimation of the localised intracranial control rate (iLC). Adverse radiation effects (AREs) were evaluated according to CTCAE 5.0. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Board of the Hangzhou Cancer Hospital (#73/HZCH-2022).

Results

Forty eligible patients with a total of 70 brain metastases were included in this study. The 1-year iLC was 76% and 89% in the prescribed dose ≤ 30 Gy and > 30 Gy group, respectively (P < 0.05). For patients treated with HSRT combined with targeted therapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapy, the 1-year iLC was 89%, 100%, and 45%, respectively. No significant associations were observed between the number, maximum diameter, location, and type of pathology of brain metastases. The rate of all-grade AREs was 33%. Two patients who received a total dose of 40 Gy developed grade 3 headache, the rest of the AREs were grade 1–2.

Conclusions

Increasing the prescription dose of HSRT improves treatment effect but may also exacerbate the side effects. Systemic therapy might impact the iLC rate, and individualized treatment regimens need to be developed.
Euler’s partition function in terms of 2-adic valuation
Authors: Merca Mircea
Published: July 2024

The 2-adic valuation of an integer n is the exponent of the highest power of 2 that divides n and is denoted by $$\nu _2(n)$$

ν
2

(
n
)

. In this paper, we prove that Euler’s partition function p(n) can be expressed in terms of $$\nu _2(n)$$

ν
2

(
n
)

. Our approach allows us to express the sum of positive divisors of n in terms of $$\nu _2(n)$$

ν
2

(
n
)

. We introduce the notion of 2-adic color partition and provide a new combinatorial interpretation for Euler partition function p(n). Connections between partitions and the game of m-Modular Nim with two heaps are presented in this context.
Navigating the landscape of sustainable entrepreneurship research: a systematic literature review
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Hassan , Bulut Mehmet
Published: July 2024

The main objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive and inclusive review of current research on sustainable entrepreneurship (SE). One of the aims of this study is to navigate the understanding of SE practices by investigating the prospects and trends in research on sustainable entrepreneurship. It seeks to present an efficient portrayal of the latest research on sustainable entrepreneurship, serving as a valuable reference for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. By applying the PRISMA approach, this study is based on a systematic literature review (SLR), and a substantial pool of 363 Scopus results and 291 WOS results was obtained using the keyword “sustainable entrepreneurship,” yielding a total of 654 articles that may be deemed possibly relevant. After the methodological screening, 234 mainly chosen studies using databases, including Scopus and WOS. This SLR utilizes thorough descriptive, Network, and thematic analysis, research tendencies, and methodological approaches. The findings of this study discussed the possible research gaps and future trends, suggesting the significant need for a stable framework for SE concepts. Empirical and exploratory studies are linked with social, economic, and technological scope, specifically sustainability, and are related to artificial intelligence (AI) studies. It contributes to laying the groundwork for future investigations into the critical connection between entrepreneurship and sustainability. Furthermore, given the continuously changing landscape of sustainable business, certain conclusions may be outdated.
Application of High-Frequency Intelligent Sensing Network in Monitoring and Early Warning of Water Quality Dynamic Change
Authors: Qian Ping , Liu Gang
Published: July 2024

By implementing a high-frequency intelligent network of sensors, this work explores continuous monitoring and alerting for dynamic changes in water quality. Life depends on water, yet pollution is a greater menace. For this reason, precautions and careful observation are necessary. Typically, the focus on conventional water quality system monitoring is too much on data collection and needs more on analysis and extraction, limiting its capacity to offer thorough solutions. Making informed decisions becomes more complicated when there are discrepancies like damaged data, loss from power outages, or transmission issues. The proposed High-Frequency Intelligent Sensing Network (HFISN) monitoring system uses cloud computing, IoT and Big data technologies for intelligent sensing. Researchers developed it to address various challenges. Researchers recommend Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) Sensor installation to enhance the system’s performance and facilitate better monitoring of sedimentation, particle issues, and water purity. This sensor makes it possible to make more informed decisions by expanding the platform’s dataset. The solution not only resolves data cleaning and analysis issues but also includes intelligent early-warning capabilities for timely alerts. Quantum Cloud (QC) technology is employed to enhance security and accessibility. Test findings confirm its robustness with extra features and a built-in turbidity sensor. Because the platform ensures data accuracy and dependability, it provides decision-makers with a solid foundation to protect water resources.
Stable Stratified Correlation and Linear Negative Correlation Between Serum Albumin and Risk of All-Cause Death in Patients with Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Xu Gaihong , Zhang Juan
Published: July 2024

Aims

To assess the correlation between serum albumin and all-cause death in patients with ischaemic stroke.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, a total of 1000 patients with ischemic stroke were included. Multivariate Cox regression analysis, subgroup analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) plot were used to assess the association between serum albumin and all-cause death in patients with ischaemic stroke.

Results

A total of 272 patients with ischemic stroke died during a median follow-up of 25 months. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of all-cause death in patients with albumin at T2 (40–43 g/L) and T3 (>43 g/L) was 33.6% and 74.4% lower than that in patients with T1 (<40 g/L), respectively, and the risk of all-cause death decreased by 13.2% for every unit increase in albumin (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the correlation between higher levels of albumin and lower risk of all-cause death was significant in all subgroups (P < 0.05). ROC analysis indicated that albumin could predict all-cause death in both the overall population and different sex groups (P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that with the extension of follow-up time, the higher the albumin, the slower the survival probability decreased (P < 0.001). RCS also established a linear negative correlation between albumin and the risk of all-cause death (P for nonlinearity = 0.092).

Conclusion

In patients with ischemic stroke, there was a stable stratified correlation and linear negative correlation between serum albumin and all-cause death risk.
The underlying pathogenesis of obesity-associated acanthosis nigricans: a literature review
Authors: Eggiman Evan , Feldman Steven R.
Published: July 2024

Background

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) presents as hyperpigmented plaques with ill-defined borders, commonly in intertriginous areas and flexures, and is associated with various factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, and malignancies. Recognizing the clinical significance of ANs relationship with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk is important for early intervention and prevention.

Purpose

This study describes the metabolic pathways underlying AN, highlighting its association with hyperinsulinemia, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), leptin, and their receptors. The pathophysiology involves disruptions in insulin, IGF1, leptin, fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), leading to keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search through PubMed was performed. Terms such as “Acanthosis nigricans”, “hyperinsulinemia”, “cardiovascular disease”, “diabetes”, “coronary artery disease”, “hyperleptinemia”, “obesity”, “leptin”, “epidermal growth factor”, “insulin resistance”, were brought into consideration. Further articles were found using source materials from included references. Articles published from 1980 to 2023 were used to encompass the broad range of research covered on the subjects.

Results

AN is connected to insulin, IGF1, leptin, and growth factor receptors and is an independent marker for metabolic disorders.

Discussion

Dermatologists may intervene by referring to primary care or by addressing underlying causes such as obesity and hyperinsulinemia, emphasizing the importance of weight loss. Various treatments—including medication, topical therapies, and laser modalities—may provide limited improvement. Recognizing AN's significance in cardiovascular and metabolic disease could ote detection and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, improving patient outcomes.
Experimental investigation of earth-air heat exchanger using porous clay vessels for eco-friendly buildings
Authors: El-Said Emad M. S. , Abdelaziz Gamal B. , Abdelhady Mohamed I. M. , shokry Nadia , Mohamed Sherif , Dahab Mohamed A.
Published: July 2024

This study introduces an experimental investigation of a novel direct trend evaporative cooler based on a ground-air heat exchanger (GAHE) using porous clay vessels as an evaporation media under a variety of operational conditions, including air flow rate, inlet air temperature, temperature of inlet water, and in air humidity. The evaluation of the GAHE performance was based on the air-cooling effect, wet-bulb and dew-point efficiencies, energy efficiency ratio, water evaporation rate, specific water evaporation, specific cooling capacity, specific total cost, and CO2 emission rate. The influences of dry-bulb temperature, the incoming air's relative humidity (RH), and six air flow rates ranging from 11 to 25 L/s on the performance are investigated and discussed. Results indicated that increasing the air flow rate leads to an increase in the cooling capacity. Energy efficiency ratio (EER) reaches the highest value of about 25.5 recorded at 3:00 PM with air flow rate = 11 L/s. The lowest EER value is approximately 7.2 when the measured inlet and outlet temperatures are the closest at 7:00 PM, with a flow rate of 25 L/s. Increasing the air flow rate from 11 to 17 L/s increased the wet bulb efficiency, and the airflow rate was inversely proportional to wet-bulb efficiency. The maximum and minimum average dew-point efficiencies are 64% and 58% at 17 L/s and 22 L/s respectively. The water evaporation rate increases by 182.1%, increasing the air flow rate from 11 to 25 L/s.
Differential in vitro cytotoxic effects and metabolomic insights into raw and powdered Manuka honey through UPLC-Q-TOF-MS
Authors: Idriss Ienas , Ali Abdelmoneim H. , Alam Aftab , Fernandez-Cabezudo Maria , Ayyash Mutamed , al-Ramadi Basel K.
Published: July 2024

Manuka honey (MH) has garnered much attention due to its remarkable antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory and wound-healing properties. This study compared the antiproliferative effects of raw and powdered MH (pMH) on various human and murine cancer cell lines. A detailed metabolomics analysis was also carried out using untargeted ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to compare the constituents in raw MH and pMH. The results of the viability studies showed that both raw MH and pMH caused a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor cell growth at concentrations of > 1% w/v (equivalent to ~ 10 mg/ml). A differential susceptibility to MH was observed among the cell lines with the human MDA-MB-231 and A549 cells and murine B16.F10 cells being relatively resistant to MH while the murine MC38 colorectal adeno-carcinoma cells showing the most sensitivity. The effect of raw MH and pMH on cell viability was validated using 2 indepndent assays. Metabolomics analysis detected 2440 compounds, out of which 833 were successfully identified. Among these, 90 phytochemical compounds, predominantly comprising terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins and derivatives, and phenylpropanoic acids, and 79 lipids were identifiable. Significant differences in 5 metabolite classes, including flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and organic acids were observed between the raw and pMH. Moreover, several altered metabolic pathways were identified in pMH compared to raw MH, such as energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and various other pathways that collectively influence biological functions associated with cellular growth, signaling, and stress response.
Probing fragment ion reactivity towards functional groups on coordination polymer surfaces
Authors: Rohdenburg Markus , Kawa Sebastian , Ha-Shan Maegan , Reichelt Manuela , Knorke Harald , Denecke Reinhard , Warneke Jonas
Published: July 2024

Ion soft-landing of highly reactive fragment ions on coordination polymer substrates results in defined bond formation with surface functional groups.
Ruthenium-infused nickel sulphide propelling hydrogen generation via synergistic water dissociation and Volmer step promotion
Authors: G. Nasrin Banu , M. Rama Prakash , Sengeni Anantharaj , Neppolian Bernaurdshaw
Published: July 2024

The inclusion of ruthenium (Ru) to decorate nickel sulphide (Ru@NiS/Ni foam) resulted in a highly efficient electrocatalyst for the alkaline HER by enhancing water dissociation at the interface and reducing the energy barrier of the Volmer step.
Extended viologen compounds with photochromism, photoresponsive luminescence and ultrahigh quenching efficiency
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhang Le-Tian , Yuan Feng-Chen , Ren Hong-Xia , Ma Yue , Wang Qing-Lun
Published: July 2024

Two coordination polymers, {[Cd(m-TTzPA)Br2]·H2O}n and {[Zn(m-TTzPA)Br2]·H2O}n, were synthesized based on (m-H2TTzPA)(HSO3)2. All compounds show photochromic behaviors and have obvious fluorescence quenching behaviors upon irradiation.
Effect of ion to ligand ratio on the aqueous to organic relative solubility of a lanthanide–ligand complex
Authors: Summers Thomas J. , Diaz Sanchez Jesus , Cantu David C.
Published: July 2024

The transfer of lanthanide–ligand complexes across aqueous–organic interfaces was studied with rare event molecular dynamics simulations. Relative solubilities were quantified from potentials of mean force.
Electronic structure, absorption spectra and oxidation dynamics in polyynes and dicyanopolyynes
Authors: Chalkopiadis Lazaros , Lambropoulos Konstantinos , Simserides Constantinos
Published: July 2024

Electronic structure, absorption spectra, oxidation dynamics: polyynes & dicyanopolyynes.
ZMT04 muscovite: a potential Paleoproterozoic reference material for 40Ar/39Ar dating
Authors: Zhang Wan-Feng , Zheng De-Wen , Jourdan Fred , Frew Adam , Mayers Celia , Xu Yi-Gang , He Huai-Yu , Zhang Yan-Qiang , Wang Jun-Jie , Jiang Ying-De , Xiao Ming , Li Jun-Jie , Zhang Jia
Published: July 2024

Homogeneity of the ZMT04 muscovite was evaluated. It yielded consistent plateau ages (1772.2 ± 2.7 Ma, 2σ), which suggests that ZMT04 muscovite can serve as a reliable reference material for 40Ar/39Ar dating.
CaSnO3 nanorod-decorated Bi2WO6 nanosheets as a stable heterojunction photocatalyst for improved photocatalysis and nitrite sensing
Authors: Rakesh G. N. , Udayabhanu  , Priyadarshini H. N. , Alharethy Fahd , Pavitra V. , Anusha B. R. , Appu S. , Aarti D. P. , Srinivas Reddy G. , Nagaraju G. , Prashantha K.
Published: July 2024

Present study shows a novel composite of CaSnO3 nanorods and Bi2WO6 nanosheets composite for the excellent photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in basic medium and electrochemical sensing of nitrite in neutral medium with LOD of 0.9 μM.
The Conversational Language Profile of Children in Low Socioeconomic Environments: A Systematic Review
Authors: Helm Kylie , Selin Claire
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Children from low socioeconomic environments (SEEs; i.e., families with parental education of high school or less and/or household income at or below federal poverty threshold) reportedly produce fewer vocabulary words compared to their higher SEE peers. However, whether that indicates a language delay or disorder is unclear since vocabulary represents only one dimension of language. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the conversational language profile of children in low SEEs and how results may vary by dimensions of language (i.e., vocabulary, grammar) and SEE (e.g., maternal education, income).

Method:

A systematic review following the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was completed. A literature search was conducted across three electronic databases (PsycINFO, Education Resources Information Center, and PubMed) to find studies published between 1990 and 2023 that examined the relation between children's vocabulary and grammar with their SEE using language sample analyses.

Results:

Twenty-two studies were reviewed. Participant demographic information, conversational language outcomes (vocabulary and grammar), and SEE indicators were summarized. Overall, studies using a between-groups research design based on SEE reported fewer significant effects than were studies examining within-sample SEE effects. In addition, associations between SEE and conversational language were mixed; however, SEE is less likely to correlate with basic grammar skills (e.g., tense and agreement) as compared to lexical diversity, mean length of utterance, and complex syntax. Finally, researchers measured SEE heterogeneously, which interfered with cross-study comparisons.

Conclusions:

This review describes the conversational language profile of children from low SEE, providing a potential framework for differential diagnosis to avoid overidentification. Furthermore, we suggest the conversational language profile may reflect a language difference rather than a language disorder. Clinical and social justice implications include avoiding deficit-based framing of language in low SEE contexts and using culturally and linguistically responsive assessment practices to disentangle language differences from disorders.
Single‐stage ZVS boost integrated push–pull power factor correction converter
Authors: Nazemi Sejzi Hamed , Adib Ehsan
Published: July 2024

This study proposes a cutting‐edge AC/DC converter designed for medium‐power PFC applications. The converter is a single‐phase, single‐stage boost‐push–pull model. It consists of three key components: an interleaved boost, a push–pull, and a resonant tank circuit. The interleaved boost operates in DCM mode and serves as power factor correction. The push–pull converter includes a resonant tank on the secondary side of the transformer to achieve ZVS. The two switches control the boost and the push–pull circuits to create a single‐stage converter. The converter in question provides an array of advantages, such as zero voltage switching (ZVS), an intermediate bus voltage that is independent of the load, and a low‐ripple input current, all of which can be achieved without the need for additional filtering. The present article provides a comprehensive overview of the design procedure, simulation and experimental results, and separate operating modes analysis. To verify the design and simulation results, a 200‐W interleaved boost push–pull converter (IBPPC) prototype is implemented. Finally, because it is crucial to maintain the voltage of the bus capacitor within an acceptable range, this study investigated the impact of load variation on the bus voltage.
A capacitive power transfer system with LCL primary compensation for very‐low‐power portable devices
Authors: Huang Jiasheng , Dou Yi , Zhang Zhe , Ouyang Ziwei , Andersen Michael A. E.
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates and technically demonstrates a capacitive power transfer (CPT) system applicable to the charging of emerging very‐low‐power portable devices. The constant‐current operation of the primary LCL compensation in CPT is implemented and analysed to simplify the system design process and minimize the configuration on the receiving side. Additionally, the system design considerations for the capacitive coupler and the diode rectifier are presented based on the battery charging specifications. All the design concepts and considerations are validated through experimentation with a 13.56 MHz CPT system, which achieves load‐independent constant‐current output from full‐load to light‐load (one‐tenth of the full load) charging operations.
Monitoring the Centennial Variation of Heavy Metals in Lake Sediments and Influencing Factors Using Environmental Magnetism and Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Deng Ligang , Li Huiming , Qian Xin
Published: July 2024

The association between the magnetic properties of lake sediments and heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) is well-documented; however, their correlation with the chemical fractions of HMs remains under-investigated. Developing a robust workflow for predicting HMs risk utilizing various machine learning techniques in conjunction with magnetic analysis presents a complex challenge. This study assessed the predictive efficacy of nine machine learning models for determining the chemical fractions of HMs, employing magnetic parameters derived from sediment cores in a large, shallow lake. These models encompassed random forest, support vector machine, relevance vector machine, extreme gradient boosting, principal component regression, multivariate adaptive regression splines, gradient boosting with component-wise linear models, and lasso and elastic-net regularized generalized linear models. The support vector machine model demonstrated superior performance, achieving coefficient of determination values surpassing 0.8 in both training and testing phases. Through interpretable machine learning approaches, key drivers of HMs were identified among magnetic and physicochemical indicators. Magnetic susceptibility values, high coercivity remanent magnetization, ratios of anhysteretic remanent magnetization to magnetic susceptibility, and anhysteretic remanent magnetization to saturation isothermal remanent magnetization within specific ranges exhibited a positive correlation with Cd, Hg, and Sb. This research significantly advances our understanding of HMs risk assessment in lake sediments by leveraging accessible magnetic measurements within an interpretable machine learning framework.
Bridging the Energy Efficiency Gap for Low-Income Households in Charlottesville
Authors: Xue Ziwei
Published: July 2024

Residential energy usage in Charlottesville, Virginia, accounts for nearly 30% of the city’s greenhouse gas emissions. Without significant changes, Charlottesville is unlikely to meet its goal of reducing emissions by 45% by 2030. Improving residential energy efficiency is key to lowering emissions and reducing energy costs for residents. However, the high upfront cost of these upgrades is unaffordable for over a third of Charlottesville households. As electricity prices rise due to Virginia’s upcoming carbon dioxide cap-and-trade program, low-income households that can’t afford efficiency upgrades will face higher energy bills and greater financial strain. This study explores the feasibility of a residential efficiency financing program designed to improve the affordability and accessibility of energy upgrades for low-income households in Charlottesville. Through a detailed benefit-cost analysis, various policy alternatives, including On-Bill Financing, Revolving Loan Fund, and Loan Loss Reserve, were evaluated for their effectiveness, equity, and implementation feasibility. The recommended option, On-Bill Financing, would allow Charlottesville Gas to cover the upfront costs of energy efficiency upgrades. Customers would repay the investment over time through their gas bills, thereby enjoying immediate reductions in energy consumption and costs. This policy would fairly enhance residential energy efficiency and provide critical financial assistance to households that otherwise couldn’t afford these upgrades.
Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of major air pollutants in Shanghai from 2019 to 2022
Authors: Zhai Chaoyi , Duan Lian
Published: July 2024

To inlustrate the spatio-temporal distribution and trends of six major air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO), a comprehensive analysis of atmospheric pollution data in Shanghai from 2019 to 2022 was conducted. The results showed that all the six air pollutant except O3, decreased yearly, with PM2.5 experiencing a roughly 24.3% decrease and NO2 showing a reduction of approximately 35.8% from 2019 to 2022. However, O3 concentrations exhibited a significant increase in 2022, rising by 13.1% compared to 2021. Seasonal variations indicate severe ozone pollution in summer and significant particulate matter pollution in autumn and winter. Spatial distribution characteristics highlight higher PM2.5 concentrations in the western regions of Shanghai compared to the eastern regions, possibly linked to predominant wind directions and pollutant source distribution. Correlation studies indicate a strong positive correlation between PM2.5 and PM10 in Shanghai’s atmosphere, while a pronounced negative correlation exists between O3 and NO2. In January 2022, prevailing airflow from the northeast, transported atmospheric pollutants and particulate matter southward, adversely elevating concentrations of PM2.5 and other pollutants for that month. In May 2022, airflow from both the east and southwest likely transported O3 and its precursors from diverse sources to Shanghai, aiding in explaining the elevated O3 concentration during that month.
Carbon cycle in ecosystems with native and anthropogenically transformed Grey-Luvic Phaeozems
Authors: Nevedrov N.P. , Kuznetsova E.A. , Dovidovich E.D.
Published: July 2024

The article presents data on the spatial and temporal variability of the carbon cycle processes in different types of natural and agricultural ecosystems functioning on Grey-Luvic Phaeozems and Grey-Luvic Phaeozems Hortic. Ecological monitoring of respiration, hydrothermal and chemical properties of soil and productivity of vegetation cover was conducted in six natural and agricultural ecosystems. It was found that soils of the forest and garden ecosystems emit 7.2 – 47.9 % more carbon into the atmosphere than soils of the agroecosystems and the ecosystems with herbaceous phytocenoses. It was revealed that soils (humus horizon of 20 cm thickness) stored up to 3.3 tonnes/ha of carbon (increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) stock), while tree leaves and herbage assimilated up to 7.5 tonnes/ha of carbon in the garden ecosystem during the growing season.
Long-term dynamics of erosion and channel processes on the territory of Udmurtia
Authors: Rysin Ivan , Grigoriev Ivan , Permyakov Maksim
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the data of long-term observations of gully erosion (1978-2023) and channel processes (2000-2023) on the territory of Udmurtia. Quantitative indices of gully top growth rates at 28 sites for different periods have been compared by types and composition of eroded. Average and maximum rates of their growth are given here. The study of river channel scour at 55 sites in different landscapes has been resulted. To analyze the results, the rivers have been divided into 4 groups according to the magnitude of their orders (according to A. Scheidegger's model). Linear, area and volume indices of scour in ravines and channels of small watercourses have been calculated on the basis of geodetic surveys using electronic total stations and unmanned aerial vehicles.
Environmental risks and life expectancy reduction in East Africa
Authors: Baharane Valérien , Shatalov Andrey Borisovich
Published: July 2024

This study aims to evaluate the influence of environmental and behavioural risk factors on life expectancy in East Africa. Applying the standard life table functions, our estimates revealed that the potential environmental reducers of life expectancy are air pollution-related deaths, followed by poor hygienic facilities and practices, and tobacco use. If it was possible to fully eliminate death coming from household air pollution, ambient particulate matter and ground-level ozone pollution, the increment in life expectancy at birth should respectively be 3.15 years; 2.84 years; 2.20 years; 2.06 years; 1.59 years in Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya. The simultaneous and complete elimination of all environmental and behavioural risks making the objects of this study shall increase the life expectancy at birth by 7.62 years in Rwanda, 7.12 years in Tanzania, 6.40 years in Uganda, 5.77 years in Kenya and 8.43 years in Burundi. Although the complete elimination of some causes of death appears to be an improbable scenario, these results recommend resource allocation and program evaluation regarding environmental monitoring and assessment and goal-setting in the health domain for the long and healthy living population of East Africa.
Forest typological features of the α-diversity of the stand and the herb layer in the mountain forests of the Middle Urals
Authors: Ivanova Natalya , Petrova Irina
Published: July 2024

The study of the α diversity of the stand and the herb layer of all major forest types of primary pine and spruce forests in the Middle Urals was conducted. Four indices (Shannon's Diversity Index, Pielou's Evenness Index, Simpson's Diversity Index, Zhivotovsky's Diversity Index) were used to quantify α diversity. The indices were calculated based on the basal area (for the stand) and absolutely dry biomass (for the herb layer). It was shown that each forest type studied has its own characteristics of α diversity, while the relationship between the stand and the herb layer according to the dynamics of the calculated indices when changing habitats was not revealed.
Comparative characteristics of selenium content in students from different regions of the world
Authors: Kovaleva Irina A. , Oreshnikov Denis A. , Gefter Victoria A. , Orkin Igor A. , Amaya Deiby H. Ojeda , Kritchenkov Andrey S. , Kirichuk Anatoly A.
Published: July 2024

The study was performed to determine Selenium level in a first year foreign students' biosubstrates who came for an education to Peoples' Friendship University of Russia - RUDN University. The number of students who participated in the study was in total 583 and contained of students from North and Tropical Africa, Latin America, the Near and Middle East, East and South-East Asian, Central Asia and Russia (Moscow). The analysis of selenium concentration in hair, blood serum and urine was made with Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The conducted study demonstrated that the highest hair selenium level was in the Tropical Africa and Latin America students’ samples. The highest selenium concentration in the blood serum and urine characterized Latin America students’ samples. In the result of the study the selenium deficiency was not demonstrated in any participated students’ group.
Ecological monitoring of water bodies: Bioindication, microalgae biodiversity indices
Authors: Mirnenko Eduard
Published: July 2024

The paper presents data on biomonitoring the pollution state of aquatic environments through the development of microalgae. The presented results are based on the correlation of basic parameters of the aquatic environment state. This includes the determination of microalgae species composition, quantitative characteristics of abundance and biomass, as well as a number of hydrochemical parameters. Additionally, integral indices of biodiversity such as Serens-Cherkanovsky, Margalef, Shannon-Weaver, Simpson, and Pielou were calculated and cluster analysis of the basic aquatic environment state was performed. The comparison of trends revealed that the studied water bodies possess unique characteristics. Overall, these water bodies are able to handle anthropogenic stress, which is demonstrated through self-purification processes. However, this phenomenon is slowed down in the case of the Nizhnekalmius reservoir.
Climate-smart agriculture in the context of sustainable development of agroecosystems (on the example of crop production)
Authors: Ryazanova Natalya E. , Lobzhanidze Natalia E. , Subbotina Elena V.
Published: July 2024

The aim of the work is to study the mechanisms of implementation and results of climate-smart agriculture. On the example of projects implemented in different countries, the possibility of ensuring food security in the context of climate change is considered. The mechanisms of adaptation of the industry to climatic impacts and natural hazards are considered. The aspects of transformation of the industry in Russia, planning and sequence of adaptive measures, economic and social contradictions are analyzed. The issues of order and history of management decisions on adaptation of the industry and assessment of progress in agro-ecological approaches are investigated. Directions for achieving the realization of the three clusters of sustainable development with the introduction of relevant approaches to agriculture recommended in the Strategy for Climate Change (FAO) are formulated.
Application of HEC-RAS software in modelling of urban flooding by surface rainwater runoff and assessment of emergency conditions in case of precipitation of different availability
Authors: Stanislavsky Konstantin , Golovkov Ilya , Yusupova Sabina , Chuvikov Nikolay , Sokolova Irina , Zaycev Vladimir , Pechenevsky Maxim , Dotsenko Nikolay
Published: July 2024

The presented paper investigates the application of HEC-RAS software for modelling of urban area waterlogging by surface rainfall runoff on the Black Sea coast of Russia. The authors assess the risk of emergencies caused by rainfall of different intensities. Using a digital elevation model and an orthophotoplane obtained by airborne laser scanning and aerial photography, the territory and surface types are analyzed. The results of the study identify sensitive areas and consider the feasibility of constructing barrier structures to manage surface runoff. Data on the capacity of the existing pipe and its effect on runoff accumulation are analyzed. The study is of practical relevance for risk assessment and emergency prevention measures related to surface runoff in urban environments on the Black Sea coast.
Professionell in sozialen Medien
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: July 2024

Für das Recruiting einer Klinik ist deren Social Media Auftritt heutzutage essenziell. Medienaffine
Pflegende sind bestens geeignet authentisch zu berichten und Einfluss auf das Image zu nehmen. Es gibt
mitlerweile sogar eine Fortbildung, da es einiges zu beachten gilt, auch rechtlich.
History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology: Stanislas de Sèze, 1903–2000
Authors: Vanhoenacker Filip M. , Feydy Antoine
Published: July 2024

This history page is dedicated to the memory and achievements of the French rheumatologist Stanislas de Sèze whose name is connected to the so-called de Sèze view, used to evaluate the sacroiliac joints, the lumbar and lower thoracic spine, pelvis, and hip joints on a single anteroposterior radiograph.
Congenital and Traumatic Conditions of the Pediatric Hand: Overview for the Radiologist
Authors: Kan J. Herman , Barron Olivia A. , Bell Bryce R.
Published: July 2024

Alignment, longitudinal growth, and function of the musculoskeletal unit of the pediatric hand is complex due to the combination of open growth plates, ossification variations, and their relationship with finger tendinous and ligamentous attachments. This review presents the basics of normal development, acquired and congenital variations, and traumatic conditions of the pediatric hand from the perspective of the pediatric musculoskeletal radiologist and hand surgeon. This multimodality imaging article focuses on non-oncologic and non-rheumatologic conditions of the pediatric hand, inclusive of fingers, thumb, and metacarpal bones.
The Immature Pediatric Appendicular Skeleton
Authors: Nguyen Jie C. , Caine Dennis
Published: July 2024

Growth and maturation occur in a predictable pattern throughout the body and within each individual bone. In the appendicular skeleton, endochondral ossification predominates in long bones and growth plates. The ends of these long bones are sites of relative weakness in the immature skeleton and prone to injury from acute insult and overuse. We present the normal histoanatomy and physiology of the growth plate complex, highlighting the unique contribution of each component and shared similarities between primary and secondary complexes. Components of the growth plate complex include the physis proper, subjacent vascularity within the growth cartilage, and the ossification front. The second section describes imaging considerations and features of normal and abnormal growth. Finally, we review the Salter-Harris classification for acute fractures and offer examples of characteristic overuse injury patterns involving the epiphyseal (proximal humerus and distal radius), apophyseal (medial epicondyle and tibial tubercle), and secondary growth plate complexes (medial femoral condyle and capitellar osteochondritis dissecans). This article provides a foundation and basic framework to better understand and anticipate potential complications and growth disturbances and to ensure optimal follow-up and early intervention when treatment can be less invasive.
Imaging Assessment of the Pediatric Elbow: Developmental Variants and Common Pathologies
Authors: Gendler Liya , Alizai Hamza , Zoga Adam C. , Nguyen Jie C.
Published: July 2024

The pediatric elbow is a complex joint that undergoes rapid growth and development. The normal anatomy of the elbow varies depending on the age of the patient, which can be challenging for imaging interpretation. This article reviews developmental variants and common pathologies of the pediatric elbow, with a focus on their radiologic features. Normal anatomy and development of the pediatric elbow are discussed, including the six ossification centers and elbow alignment. Congenital anomalies such as longitudinal deficiencies of the upper extremity are reviewed. Some common injuries that affect the elbow, such as supracondylar fracture, lateral condyle fracture, medial epicondyle avulsion, and radial head dislocation are also described.
Sex-Related Differences in the Severity of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome: A Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Anderson Victoria A. , Anbalagan Saminathan , Favara Michael T. , Stark Daniela , Carola David , Solarin Kolawole O. , Adeniyi-Jones Susan , Aghai Zubair H.
Published: July 2024

Objective Factors associated with the development and expression of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) are poorly understood. There are conflicting data on the role of infant sex in NOWS. Some studies have suggested that infant sex predicts NOWS severity and adverse outcomes, with male infants being more vulnerable. This study aimed to analyze if infant sex is associated with the severity of NOWS among those who require pharmacologic treatment.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of term and late-preterm infants (≥35 weeks gestation) exposed to in utero opioids, born between September 2006 and August 2022, and required pharmacologic treatment for NOWS. Maternal and infant demographics were collected. Indicators of the severity of NOWS (duration of medical treatment (DOT), duration of hospitalization, maximum dose of opioid treatment, and use of secondary medications) were compared between male and female infants. Standard statistical tests and regression analysis were used to establish the differences in outcomes after accounting for confounders and baseline differences.

Results Out of the 1,074 infants included in the study, 47.9% were female, and 52.1% were male. There was no significant difference in demographic and baseline clinical characteristics between groups except for anthropometry (birth weight, head circumference, and length) and Apgar score at 5 minutes. The median DOT (25 days [14, 39] vs. 23 days [13, 39], p = 0.57), length of hospital stay (31.5 days [20, 44] vs. 28 days [20, 44], p = 0.35), treatment with phenobarbital (24.7 vs. 26.3%, p = 0.56), and clonidine (3.9 vs. 3.8%, p = 0.9) were similar in both groups. The differences remained nonsignificant after adjusting for birth anthropometric measurements, gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score, small for gestational age status, and maternal exposure to benzodiazepines.

Conclusion In this cohort of neonates, sex-related differences were not identified to influence the severity of NOWS among those who required pharmacological treatment.

Key Points
The politics of descriptive inference: contested concepts in conflict data
Authors: Broache M. P. , Yu Agnes
Published: July 2024

Descriptive research is sometimes understood as simply compiling and presenting objective facts, or ‘telling it like it is.’ We challenge this understanding, arguing that description involves a series of subjective, value-laden decisions that may reflect, reinforce, or alternatively undermine, existing narratives and power structures; accordingly, description is fundamentally, and unavoidably, political. We illustrate this argument with respect to descriptive research on violence against civilians by comparing how three descriptive research outputs—the Uppsala Conflict Data Program’s One-Sided Violence, the Political Instability Task Force’s Genocide and Politicide, and the Targeted Mass Killings datasets—define contested concepts relating to the distinction between combatants and civilians, identification of state actors, and intent. We demonstrate how differences in these definitions manifest in different descriptive inferences about violence in Burundi in 1993, and we discuss how an understanding of description as political relates to researchers’ responsibilities as compilers and users of descriptive data.