bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship of the vascular territory affected by delayed cerebral ischemia and the location of the ruptured aneurysm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Hurth Helene , Steiner Jochen , Birkenhauer Ulrich , Roder Constantin , Hauser Till-Karsten , Ernemann Ulrike , Tatagiba Marcos , Ebner Florian Heinrich
Published: March 2021

Objective

To determine the area most at risk of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in relation to the location of the ruptured aneurysm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and, therefore, help to choose the site for focal multimodal neuromonitoring.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed angiographic findings, CCT scans, and patient charts of patients who were admitted with aSAH to our neurosurgical intensive care unit between 2009 and 2017. DCI was defined as infarction on CCT 2–6 weeks after aSAH.

Results

DCI occurred in 17.9% out of 357 included patients. A DCI occurring in the vascular territory of the artery carrying the ruptured aneurysm was found in 81.0% of patients with anterior circulation aneurysms but only in 16.7% with posterior circulation aneurysms (Fisher’s exact, p=0.003). The vascular territory most frequently showing a DCI was the ipsilateral MCA territory (86.7%) in ICA aneurysms, the contra- (71.4%) and the ipsilateral (64.3%) ACA territory in ACA aneurysms, the right (93.8%) and the left (81.3%) ACA territory in AcomA aneurysms, and the ipsilateral MCA territory in MCA aneurysms (69.2%) as well as in VA/PICA/SCA aneurysms (100.0%). DCI after the rupture of a BA aneurysm occurred with 33.3% in 6 out of 8 vascular territories, respectively. DCI of multiple vascular territories occurred in 100.0% of BA aneurysms, 87.5% of AcomA aneurysms, 71.4% of ACA aneurysms, 40.0% of ICA aneurysms, 38.5% of MCA aneurysms, and 33.3% of VA/PICA/SCA aneurysms.

Discussion

Few studies exist that could determine the area most at risk of a DCI after an aSAH. Our data could identify the territory most at risk for DCI with a probability of > 60% except for BA aneurysms, which showed DCI in various areas and patients suffering from multiple DCIs. Either the ipsilateral ACA or MCA were affected by the DCI in about 80% of ACA and more than 90% of AcomA, ICA, MCA, and VA/PICA/SCA aneurysms. Therefore, local intraparenchymal neuromonitoring in the ACA/MCA watershed area might detect the vast majority of DCIs for all aneurysm locations, except for BA aneurysms. In ACA and AcomA aneurysms, bilateral DCI of the ACA territory was common, and bilateral probe positioning might be considered for monitoring high-risk patients. Non-focal monitoring methods might be preferably used after BA aneurysm rupture.
Rationale and Design of the ADIDAS Study: Association Between Dapagliflozin-Induced Improvement and Anemia in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Zeng Jianping , Zhu Yunlong , Zhao Wenjiao , Wu Mingxing , Huang Haobo , Huang He , Wu ChunFeng , Zhou XiaoLin , Zhou ShengHua , Wang ChengMing , Yin Kai , Xu FangHua , Cai ZhiQiang , Li Xinyang , Cheng Huiheng , Xie Youwen , Tan Zhuqing , Hu Xiaoyong , Liao Dexiang , Wang Yingchun
Published: March 2021

Background

Heart failure (HF) is one of the most serious health concerns worldwide. Anemia is a highly prevalent comorbidity and outcome predictor in HF patients. Sodium glucose co-transport 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization in HF patients.

Purpose

This investigator-initiated, interventional, prospective, double-blind, multicenter study is designed to investigate whether anemia correction is one of the prerequisites and determinants related to the beneficial effects of dapagliflozin in HF patients.

Methods and Results

Up to 2030 HF participants receiving standard care will be randomly assigned to either oral dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily or placebo 10 mg once daily for 12 months. The primary outcome is the composite incidence of hospital admission for HF and all-cause death. Secondary outcomes include change in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score and change in 6-min walk distance and hemoglobin level. Patients will be followed for 12 months after randomization.

Conclusions

The ADIDAS trial offers an opportunity to assess the hemoglobin change and association between hemoglobin change and readmissions due to heart failure and all-cause death in patients with heart failure treated with dapagliflozin or placebo. This study could highlight if dynamic hemoglobin change is related to the outcome for HF patients.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04707261. Registration date, 2020/12/01, “retrospectively registered”
Revisiting the VCCFinder approach for the identification of vulnerability-contributing commits
Authors: Riom Timothé , Sawadogo Arthur , Allix Kevin , Bissyandé Tegawendé F. , Moha Naouel , Klein Jacques
Published: March 2021

Detecting vulnerabilities in software is a constant race between development teams and potential attackers. While many static and dynamic approaches have focused on regularly analyzing the software in its entirety, a recent research direction has focused on the analysis of changes that are applied to the code. VCCFinder is a seminal approach in the literature that builds on machine learning to automatically detect whether an incoming commit will introduce some vulnerabilities. Given the influence of VCCFinder in the literature, we undertake an investigation into its performance as a state-of-the-art system. To that end, we propose to attempt a replication study on the VCCFinder supervised learning approach. The insights of our failure to replicate the results reported in the original publication informed the design of a new approach to identify vulnerability-contributing commits based on a semi-supervised learning technique with an alternate feature set. We provide all artefacts and a clear description of this approach as a new reproducible baseline for advancing research on machine learning-based identification of vulnerability-introducing commits.
Evolutionary trends of the genus Ancyrogondolella (Conodonta) and related taxa in the Norian (Late Triassic)
Authors: Karádi Viktor
Published: March 2021

The Norian represents the longest stage of the Triassic, nevertheless, its precise subdivision is an unresolved matter. Conodonts might be useful in the establishment of an accurate biozonation to avoid common scientific misinterpretations. Understanding the Norian evolutionary trends and morphological changes of theAncyrogondolellalineage (genusAncyrogondolellaand descendant generaEpigondolella, OrchardellaandMockina) is of key importance in this issue. The forward shifting of the pit and the posterior prolongation of the keel and the carina characterize the main trend that corresponds to the faunal turnover around the Lacian-Alaunian transition. A gradual decrease in overall element width and length can be observed from that time on, which couples with a decrease in the length of the free blade and an increase in the height of the anterior platform denticles. The presence of secondary carinae is characteristic for the mid-Lacian 1 to Alaunian 1, but their development shows no trends and has no taxonomic value. Adult specimens of the Lacian generally have an arched lower profile, whereas in the Alaunian and Sevatian the lower profile is dominantly stepped or straight. The thorough documentation of the Tethyan assemblages is needed for any detailed taxonomic and paleobiogeographic comparisons with other regions.
Combined cervicosternotomy and cervicotomy for true retrosternal goiters: a surgical cohort study
Authors: Van Slycke S. , Simons A.-S. , Van Den Heede K. , Van Crombrugge P. , Tournoy K. , Simons P. , Vermeersch H. , Brusselaers N.
Published: March 2021

Objective

Intrathoracic goiters are a heterogeneous group characterized by limited or extensive substernal extension. Whereas the former can be treated through cervicotomy, the latter sometimes requires a cervicosternotomy. Whether cervicosternotomy leads to more morbidity remains unclear.

This study aimed to compare intra- and postoperative morbidity in patients treated by cervicotomy or cervicosternotomy for intrathoracic goiters and standard thyroidectomy.

Methods

In a prospectively gathered cohort undergoing thyroid surgery (2010–2019) intra- and postoperative morbidity of cervicotomy (N = 80) and cervicosternotomy (N = 15) for intrathoracic goiters was compared to each other and to a ‘standard’ thyroidectomy (N = 1500).

Results

An intrathoracic extension prior to surgery was found in 95 (6%) of all thyroidectomies. Eighty patients (84%) were operated by cervicotomy and 15 (16%) by cervicosternotomy. The risk of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was much higher in the cervicosternotomy group (21%) compared to cervicotomy (4%) and standard thyroidectomy (3%). The risk of temporary hypocalcemia after cervicotomy (28%) was comparable to a standard thyroidectomy (32%) but higher after cervicosternotomy (20%). No cases of permanent hypocalcemia or laryngeal nerve palsy were observed in both groups with substernal extension. The need for surgical reintervention was significantly higher in the cervicotomy group (6%) compared to cervicosternotomy (0%) and standard thyroidectomy (3%).

Conclusion

In patients undergoing thyroid surgery for an intrathoracic goiter, cervicosternotomy was associated with more temporary laryngeal nerve palsy, but none of the interventions resulted in higher risks of permanent nerve damage, permanent hypocalcemia, or reintervention for bleeding. Reintervention was even more common after cervicotomy compared to cervicosternotomy.

Level of evidence

IV
Bad projections of the PSD cone
Authors: Jiang Yuhan , Sturmfels Bernd
Published: March 2021

The image of the cone of positive semidefinite matrices under a linear map is a convex cone. Pataki characterized the set of linear maps for which that image is not closed. The Zariski closure of this set is a hypersurface in the Grassmannian. Its components are the coisotropic hypersurfaces of symmetric determinantal varieties. We develop the convex algebraic geometry of such bad projections, with focus on explicit computations.
Autism, Problematic Internet Use and Gaming Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Murray Alayna , Koronczai Beatrix , Király Orsolya , Griffiths Mark D. , Mannion Arlene , Leader Geraldine , Demetrovics Zsolt
Published: March 2021

The present study investigated the association between autism and problematic internet use (PIU) and gaming disorder (GD). A systematic literature search was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A total of 2286 publications were screened, and 21 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the review. The majority of the studies found positive associations between PIU and subclinical autistic-like traits with weak and moderate effect sizes and between PIU and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with varying effect sizes. Additionally, individuals with ASD were more likely to exhibit symptoms of GD with moderate and strong effect sizes. Future research would benefit from high-quality studies examining GD and PIU at a clinical level and their relationship with both clinical and subclinical autism.
Review on ranking and selection: A new perspective
Authors: Hong L. Jeff , Fan Weiwei , Luo Jun
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we briefly review the development of ranking and selection (R&S) in the past 70 years, especially the theoretical achievements and practical applications in the past 20 years. Different from the frequentist and Bayesian classifications adopted by Kim and Nelson (2006b) and Chick (2006) in their review articles, we categorize existing R&S procedures into fixed-precision and fixed-budget procedures, as in Hunter and Nelson (2017). We show that these two categories of procedures essentially differ in the underlying methodological formulations, i.e., they are built on hypothesis testing and dynamic programming, respectively. In light of this variation, we review in detail some well-known procedures in the literature and show how they fit into these two formulations. In addition, we discuss the use of R&S procedures in solving various practical problems and propose what we think are the important research questions in the field.
Cellular Automata-based computational library for development of digital material representation models of heterogenous microstructures
Authors: Boguń Konrad , Sitko Mateusz , Mojżeszko Mateusz , Madej Łukasz
Published: March 2021

The development of an efficient numerical approach for the generation of a wide range of heterogeneous microstructures models with the application of the lean workflow concept is presented in the paper. First, the idea and implementation details of the developed cellular automata-based computational library allowing the development of digital material representation models within a workflow are presented in the paper. Such an approach provides the desired flexibility in the generation of various digital models of heterogenous microstructures. Therefore, the proposed library is mostly implemented within the object-oriented C + + programming language with the assumption of modularity. In this case, the main part of the application consists of classes and methods, which can be treated like base elements to be inherited and extended in other libraries. Each additional dynamic link library implements particular algorithms for the generation of specific microstructure features in the digital model within the unified data structures that allow the application of the workflow concept. The set of developed libraries and their assumptions are described as case studies to show the capabilities of the presented solution. Finally, examples of practical applications of the developed library in the full-field numerical simulations of complex material deformation are presented at the end of the paper.
The core academic and scientific disciplines underlying data-driven smart sustainable urbanism: an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary framework
Authors: Bibri Simon Elias
Published: March 2021

A new era is presently unfolding wherein both smart urbanism and sustainable urbanism processes and practices are becoming highly responsive to a form of data-driven urbanism under what has to be identified as data-driven smart sustainable urbanism. This flourishing field of research is profoundly interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary in nature. It operates out of the understanding that advances in knowledge necessitate pursuing multifaceted questions that can only be resolved from the vantage point of interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. This implies that the research problems within the field of data-driven smart sustainable urbanism are inherently too complex and dynamic to be addressed by single disciplines. As this field is not a specific direction of research, it does not have a unitary disciplinary framework in terms of a uniform set of the academic and scientific disciplines from which the underlying theories can be drawn. These theories constitute a unified foundation for the practice of data-driven smart sustainable urbanism. Therefore, it is of significant importance to develop an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary framework. With that in regard, this paper identifies, describes, discusses, evaluates, and thematically organizes the core academic and scientific disciplines underlying the field of data-driven smart sustainable urbanism. This work provides an important lens through which to understand the set of established and emerging disciplines that have high integration, fusion, and application potential for informing the processes and practices of data-driven smart sustainable urbanism. As such, it provides fertile insights into the core foundational principles of data-driven smart sustainable urbanism as an applied domain in terms of its scientific, technological, and computational strands. The novelty of the proposed framework lies in its original contribution to the body of foundational knowledge of an emerging field of urban planning and development.
Smart city based on digital twins
Authors: Deren Li , Wenbo Yu , Zhenfeng Shao
Published: March 2021

Digital twins are considered to be a new starting point for today’s smart city construction. This paper defines the concepts of digital twins and digital twin cities, discusses the relationship between digital twins and smart cities, analyzes the characteristics of smart cities based on digital twins, and focuses on the five main applications of smart cities based on digital twins. Finally, we discuss the future development of smart cities based on digital twins.
DNP-supported solid-state NMR studies of 13C,15N,29Si-enriched biosilica of Cyclotella cryptica and Thalassiosira pseudonana
Authors: Ehren Helena Leona , Kolbe Felicitas , Lucini Paioni Alessandra , Brunner Eike , Baldus Marc
Published: March 2021

Solid-state NMR spectroscopy represents a powerful method for the investigation of diatom biosilica but detailed studies regarding its chemical composition and structural organization can be prohibited by insufficient spectroscopic sensitivity. Here, we used two-dimensional (2D) Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP)-supported solid-state NMR experiments to obtain information about the molecular composition and supramolecular organization of proteins and carbohydrates in 13C,15N,29Si-labeled biosilica of C. cryptica. As a reference, we conducted DNP experiments on isotope-labeled biosilica of T. pseudonana. DNP-enhancement factors for different NMR signals, and thus, for different organic compounds, provide information about the supramolecular architecture of the biosilica. In addition, DNP-supported heteronuclear nitrogen-carbon correlation experiments allowed us to prove the presence of different structural elements of long chain polyamines (LCPAs) and revealed the occurrence of amine-nitrogen moieties exhibiting a correlation with carbonyl carbons that may indicate cross-linking of LCPAs to proteins as previously seen in studies on proteins extracted from other diatoms.
Coping Strategies for Sexual Problems and Sexual Dysfunction Amongst Malay Women With Breast Cancer. A Qualitative Study
Authors: Che Ya Siti Nuryati , Muhamad Rosediani , Mohd Zain Norhasmah , Zakaria Rosnani , Ishak Azlina , Hassan Intan Idiana , Ab Hadi Imisairi , Yahya Maya Mazuwin , Low Wah Yun , Liamputtong Pranee
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Women’ sexuality becomes complex after breast cancer diagnosis and sexual health is highly neglected in the management of the illness.

Aims

To explore the coping and strategies to overcome sexuality problems and sexual dysfunction among women with breast cancer.

Material And Methods

Using the in-depth and photo-elicitation interview methods, this qualitative study following phenomenological analysis was conducted on fourteen married female respondents with breast cancer and had the positive result for female sexual dysfunction (FSD) screened by Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-6 items) from Kelantan, Malaysia. The interviews data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and managed in analytic computer software NVivo11 Pro. The transcriptions were analyzed using thematic analysis by referring to the meaning-making theory.

Main Outcome Measures

We identified overlapping themes of coping and strategies among women with breast cancer to overcome sexual problems and sexual dysfunction which correspond with meaning-making theory.

Results

Three themes have emerged. Women with breast cancer that developed sexuality problem and sexual dysfunction strived to accept the illness using religious belief and conform by altering sexual practices. These individuals positively look for a solution by seeking formal healthcare advice, modify their physical appearance, active discussion with the husband and support from other survivors. A few of them passively struggle with the subject by averting the intimacy and receptive toward polygamy.

Conclusion

This study highlighted the various mechanisms that emphasized the pivotal role of religious belief and relationship context as key factors in the coping strategies among women with breast cancer in Malaysia. The finding may not be generalized to other countries.
Indigenous Peoples and Diplomacy on the World Stage
Authors: Carpenter Kristen , Tsykarev Alexey
Published: March 2021

Indigenous Peoples are emerging as diplomats on the world stage. With states relinquishing some “soft power” space to non-state actors, the role of Indigenous Peoples in international diplomacy and particularly human rights diplomacy is both distinctive and important.
OPTIMAL INCENTIVE-COMPATIBLE INSURANCE WITH BACKGROUND RISK
Authors: Chi Yichun , Tan Ken Seng
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the optimal insurance design is studied from the perspective of an insured, who faces an insurable risk and a background risk. For the reduction of ex post moral hazard, alternative insurance contracts are asked to satisfy the principle of indemnity and the incentive-compatible condition. As in the literature, it is assumed that the insurer calculates the insurance premium solely on the basis of the expected indemnity. When the insured has a general mean-variance preference, an explicit form of optimal insurance is derived explicitly. It is found that the stochastic dependence between the background risk and the insurable risk plays a critical role in the insured’s risk transfer decision. In addition, the optimal insurance policy can often change significantly once the incentive-compatible constraint is removed.
Universal masking to control healthcare-associated transmission of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Thompson Eliza R. , Williams Faith S. , Giacin Pat A. , Drummond Shay , Brown Eric , Nalick Meredith , Wang Qian , McDonald Jay R. , Carlson Abigail L.
Published: March 2021

Objectives:

To assess extent of a healthcare-associated outbreak of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to evaluate the effectiveness of infection control measures, including universal masking.

Design:

Outbreak investigation including 4 large-scale point-prevalence surveys.

Setting:

Integrated VA healthcare system with 2 facilities and 330 beds.

Participants:

Index patient and 250 exposed patients and staff.

Methods:

We identified exposed patients and staff and classified them as probable and confirmed cases based on symptoms and testing. We performed a field investigation and an assessment of patient and staff interactions to develop probable transmission routes. Infection prevention interventions included droplet and contact precautions, employee quarantine, and universal masking with medical and cloth face masks. We conducted 4 point-prevalence surveys of patient and staff subsets using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2.

Results:

Among 250 potentially exposed patients and staff, 14 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were identified. Patient roommates and staff with prolonged patient contact were most likely to be infected. The last potential date of transmission from staff to patient was day 22, the day universal masking was implemented. Subsequent point-prevalence surveys in 126 patients and 234 staff identified 0 patient cases and 5 staff cases of COVID-19, without evidence of healthcare-associated transmission.

Conclusions:

Universal masking with medical face masks was effective in preventing further spread of SARS-CoV-2 in our facility in conjunction with other traditional infection prevention measures.
Indigenous students’ experience and engagement with support at university: a mixed-method study
Authors: Benton Madeleine , Hearn Shane , Marmolejo-Ramos Fernando
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There remains significant under representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australian higher education systems. A number of strategies have been implemented by governments and universities to best support Indigenous students within higher education that have produced varying levels of success in increasing participation, retention and completions. One key strategy is the inclusion of Aboriginal Education Units within universities. The current study aimed to examine students experience and engagement with a range of support services across university, in particular with an Aboriginal Education Unit. Utilising a mixed-method approach, data were collected from 103 students who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander at The University of Adelaide. Overall, students were most satisfied with support provided by family (70%) and the Aboriginal Education Unit (61%), followed by support provided by university faculties (49%), and the wider university (43%). The main reasons students were accessing the Unit was for academic and tutoring purposes, also rating tutoring as the most beneficial service provided by the Unit. This study highlights the importance of examining and evaluating enablers such as support mechanisms from the student perspective and has demonstrated the significant role Aboriginal Education Units play in the student experience, laying a crucial foundation for targeted support initiatives.
Paleotethyan faunal/floral evidence in the Mississippian Maritimes Basin of Canada: An overview
Authors: Cózar Pedro , Somerville Ian D.
Published: March 2021

In this study, middle to late Mississippian microfossil assemblages from the Maritimes Basin of eastern Canada (Nova Scotia, SW Newfoundland, and New Brunswick) are closely compared to those from Western Paleotethys basins. The comparison is focused mainly on foraminifers and calcareous algae. Most foraminifers and algae described from the Maritimes Basin are considered cosmopolitan, and the occurrence in western Europe and northern Africa of taxa previously considered endemic to the North America Realm suggests a close paleobiogeographic relationship. This European/African correlation is further supported by other foraminiferal/algal taxa, the importance of which were previously overlooked, including:Plectogyranopsisex gr.P. hirosei(Okimura, 1965),MikhailovellaGanelina, 1956,Koktjubina windsorensis(Mamet, 1970),Polysphaerinella bullaMamet, 1973,MstiniaDain in Dain and Grozdilova, 1953,HaplophragminaReitlinger, 1950,OmphalotisShlykova, 1969,PseudolituotubaVdovenko, 1971,PseudoendothyraMikhailov, 1939,Saccamminopsis(Sollas, 1921) Vachard and Cózar, 2003,KamaenellaMamet and Roux, 1974, andAnthracoporellopsisMaslov, 1956. Some species recorded in the Maritimes Basin have been typically recorded in Britain and Ireland in the southern platform of Laurussia. This implies a connection via the Rhenohercynian Ocean, whereas statistical analyses suggest that Maritimes Basin assemblages are closer to those of the Gondwana platform, which could have been established via the Paleotethys Ocean, and also with terranes northwest of the Variscan Front, in which its most logical connection should be with a still-open Rheic Ocean during the Visean and early Serpukhovian. Those taxa demonstrate a more-or-less continuous faunal and microfloral interchange between the Maritimes Basin and the Western Paleotethys paleobiogeographic realm. Furthermore, the width of the Paleotethys and Rheic oceans separating these regions is not considered excessive, particularly during the late Visean and early Serpukhovian.
A ten-faced hexangulaconulariid from Cambrian Stage 2 of South China
Authors: Guo Junfeng , Han Jian , Van Iten Heyo , Song Zuchen , Qiang Yaqin , Wang Wenzhe , Zhang Zhifei , Li Guoxiang
Published: March 2021

Hexangulaconulariids (Cambrian stages 1–2) are an extinct group of medusozoan polyps having a biradially symmetrical, fan-shaped periderm that is distinct from those of medusozoan polyps showing three-, four-, five-, or six-fold radial symmetry. Hexangulaconulariids exhibit substantial variation in gross morphology, including variation in the number of faces on each of the two major sides of the periderm. An intermediate taxon of hexangulaconulariids with ten faces (five on each major side) was expected. Here we describe a new hexangulaconulariid,Decimoconularia isofacialisnew genus new species from Bed 5 of the Yanjiahe Formation (Cambrian Stage 2) in the Three Gorges area of Hubei Province, China. The new taxon differs from other hexangulaconulariids (Arthrochites,Hexaconularia, andSeptuconularia) mainly in possessing a total of ten faces. The two lateral margins are each marked by a ridge in about the apertural half of the periderm and by a collinear furrow in about the apical half, while the five faces on each major side are bounded by a furrow in about the apertural half and by a collinear ridge in about the apical half. Among hexangulaconulariids,DecimoconulariaandSeptuconulariamay be more closely related to each other than either genus is toArthrochitesorHexaconularia.

UUID:http://zoobank.org/ca270a3b-25ee-4d1f-bdeb-91a963370e70
Colonizing Workers: Labor, Race, and U.S. Military Governance in the Southern Philippines
Authors: Charbonneau Oliver
Published: March 2021

Management of labor was central to articulating and constructing U.S. colonialism in the southern Philippines. Governed by American military officers for fifteen years (1899–1914), the major island of Mindanao and those of the Sulu Archipelago became sites of intensive race management efforts. Colonial officials identified racialized Muslim and Lumad societies as out of step with the modern world of work and developed myriad programs to address this “problem,” including mandatory service on public works projects, carceral labor, industrial education, and directed markets. Unevenly applied and frequently contested, these initiatives generated a range of responses from local actors. The drive to create disciplined laborers through incentive, coercion, and violence shaped state building in the region and linked it to preoccupations with work and racial reform in other U.S. imperial possessions and the wider colonized world.
Does Halting Refugee Resettlement Reduce Crime? Evidence from the US Refugee Ban
Authors: MASTERSON DANIEL , YASENOV VASIL
Published: March 2021

Many countries have reduced refugee admissions in recent years, in part due to fears that refugees and asylum seekers increase crime rates and pose a national security risk. Existing research presents ambiguous expectations about the consequences of refugee resettlement on crime. We leverage a natural experiment in the United States, where an Executive Order by the president in January 2017 halted refugee resettlement. This policy change was sudden and significant—it resulted in the lowest number of refugees resettled on US soil since 1977 and a 66% drop in resettlement from 2016 to 2017. In this article, we find that there is no discernible effect on county-level property or violent crime rates.
ADDENDUM TO ‘DID CICERO “PROSCRIBE” MARCUS ANTONIUS?’
Authors: Ramsey John T.
Published: March 2021

This note adduces three passages in Seneca the Elder to reinforce a demonstration in CQ 69 (2019), 793–8001 that the text of Plin. HN 7.117 has suffered corruption in one of its clauses and requires emendation to restore Pliny's intent. This additional evidence concerns a trope employed by declaimers which could have predisposed a scribe to alter Pliny's text to state that Cicero proscribed Mark Antony. Such a statement has no place in a list of achievements that otherwise all belong to Cicero's consulship twenty years earlier in 63 b.c.
Informality, Temporariness, and the Production of Illegitimate Geographies: The rise of a Muslim sub-city in Ahmedabad, India (1970s–2000s)
Authors: BOBBIO TOMMASO
Published: March 2021

In recent debates in the field of urban studies, issues of informality, marginal settlements, and extreme poverty have often been analysed in relation to the dynamics that transformed spatial and social balances with respect to neo-liberal economic policies. The restructuring of spaces, infrastructure, and economies that marked the success of changing paradigms of urban planning since the 1990s has been widely seen to be responsible for the extensive marginalization of the most vulnerable strata of society. In order to understand the emergence of areas considered informal—or illegitimate—this article aims to question the very validity of categories such as ‘informality’ when applied to analysing the transition from medium-sized urban centres to ‘mega-cities’ (a label that, in itself, blindly recalls the allure of modernization, technology, and development).1It does so by adopting a longer term perspective in analysing the evolution of a municipal housing project for the resettlement of slumdwellers in Ahmedabad, India, in 1978, which, in the span of four decades, turned into a substandard informal settlement and then into a ‘Muslim city’ called Juhapura. Widely known in India as the ‘biggest ghetto in South Asia’, this area is an observatory for reconsidering the significance of concepts such as informality, illegality, temporariness, and people's legitimacy as citizens.
Altered activation and functional connectivity in individuals with social anhedonia when envisioning positive future episodes
Authors: Yang Zhuo-ya , Zhang Rui-ting , Wang Yong-ming , Huang Jia , Zhou Han-yu , Cheung Eric F. C. , Chan Raymond C. K.
Published: March 2021

Background

Anticipatory pleasure deficits are closely correlated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia, and may be found in both clinical and subclinical populations along the psychosis continuum. Prospection, which is an important component of anticipatory pleasure, is impaired in individuals with social anhedonia (SocAnh). In this study, we examined the neural correlates of envisioning positive future events in individuals with SocAnh.

Methods

Forty-nine individuals with SocAnh and 33 matched controls were recruited to undergo functional MRI scanning, during which they were instructed to simulate positive or neutral future episodes according to cue words. Two stages of prospection were distinguished: construction and elaboration.

Results

Reduced activation at the caudate and the precuneus when prospecting positive (v. neutral) future events was observed in individuals with SocAnh. Furthermore, compared with controls, increased functional connectivity between the caudate and the inferior occipital gyrus during positive (v. neutral) prospection was found in individuals with SocAnh. Both groups exhibited a similar pattern of brain activation for the construction v. elaboration contrast, regardless of the emotional context.

Conclusions

Our results provide further evidence on the neural mechanism of anticipatory pleasure deficits in subclinical individuals with SocAnh and suggest that altered cortico-striatal circuit may play a role in anticipatory pleasure deficits in these individuals.
The relation between older adults’ trust beliefs in nursing home carers and adjustment to residential care
Authors: Rotenberg Ken J. , Chmielowiec Lucyna , Patel Sanjay
Published: March 2021

The study examined the relation between older adults’ trust beliefs in nursing home carers (NHCs) and adjustment to residential care. Seventy-six older adults (mean age = 83 years, standard deviation = 7 years from UK nursing homes completed standardised scales of trust beliefs in NHCs and adjustment to residential care (satisfaction with care-giving, social engagement in the nursing home, loneliness and a latent measure). As expected, trust beliefs in NHCs were linearly associated with adjustment to residential care on all measures. There were quadratic relations between trust beliefs in NHCs and on given measures of adjustment to residential care (latent measure, satisfaction with care-giving and loneliness). Adults with very high and those with very low trust beliefs in NHCs showed depressed levels on those measures of adjustment to residential care relative to older adults with the middle range of trust beliefs. The research highlights the importance of older adults’ trust beliefs in NHCs for adjustment to nursing homes. The findings show though, that older adults who hold very high, as well those who hold very low, trust beliefs in NHCs are at risk for lower levels of adjustment.
Mental health problems moderate the association between teacher violence and children's social status in East Africa: A multi-informant study combining self- and peer-reports
Authors: Hecker Tobias , Dumke Lars , Neuner Frank , Masath Faustine B.
Published: March 2021

School victimization has been negatively associated with children's social status. However, previous studies have primarily focused on peer victimization, leaving a significant knowledge gap regarding violence by teachers. We hypothesized that, when almost all children experience violence by teachers, not only the experience of violence, but also other factors, for example, mental health problems, may influence children's social preference and centrality. We therefore examined potential moderation effects of children's internalizing and externalizing problems. We implemented a multistage cluster randomized sampling approach to randomly chose fifth- and sixth-grade students from primary schools throughout Tanzania. Using a multi-informant approach, data were collected from 643 children (51.0% girls, Mage = 12.79 years). Results showed inconsistent direct associations between teacher violence and social status, whereas mental health problems were consistently associated with lower social status. Significant interaction effects were found for internalizing problems; that is, teacher violence was associated with lower social status for increasing internalizing problems. However, no interaction effects were found for externalizing problems. The findings underline the burden of exposure to violence by teachers and the importance of mental health for children's social functioning. Knowledge about interrelations can be applied in interventions to effectively reduce violence by teachers toward students.
Interaction between adenine and Cu2+ and Fe3+-montmorillonites: a prebiotic chemistry experiment
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo C. , Teixeira Bruna S. , da Costa Antonio C. S. , Zaia Dimas A. M.
Published: March 2021

The modification of minerals with metals can promote changes in their surface and, consequently, in their physicochemical properties. Minerals could have played an important role in the origin of life as they can protect molecules against degradation by radiation and hydrolysis, pre-concentrate molecules from dilute solutions and catalyse the formation of polymers. Thus, the current work studied the modification of montmorillonite with Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions. These modified montmorillonites were used to study the interaction with adenine dissolved in distilled water and artificial seawater 4.0 Gy (Gy = billion years ago). The most important result of this work is that the adsorption of adenine onto modified montmorillonites is a complex interaction among adenine, salts in seawater and Cu2+/Fe3+-montmorillonite (Cu2+/Fe3+-Mont) . The adsorption of Cu2+ and Fe3+ onto montmorillonite decreased its surface area and pore volume. The Sips isotherm model showed the best fit of the data and n values indicate that the adenine adsorption process was homogeneous. The highest adenine adsorption was obtained in artificial seawater 4.0 Gy onto Fe3+-Mont at 60°C and the lowest in distilled water or artificial seawater 4.0 Gy onto montmorillonite [montmorillonite washed with distilled water (Mont-STD)] at 60°C. Adenine adsorption onto Mont-STD/montmorillonite modified with 500 ml of 0.1 mol l−1 of CuCl2 and Fe3+-Mont was an exothermic process and an endothermic process, respectively. For all adsorptions ΔG was negative. The adsorption of adenine onto Fe3+-Mont was ruled out by entropy and the other samples by enthalpy and entropy, being a major contribution for Gibbs free energy from enthalpy. The Fourier transform-infrared data indicate that the interaction of adenine with minerals may occur through the NH2 functional group.
AGN feedback and galaxy evolution in nearby galaxy groups using CLoGS
Authors: Kolokythas Konstantinos ,   CLoGS team
Published: March 2021

Much of the evolution of galaxies takes place in groups where feedback has the greatest impact on galaxy formation and evolution. We summarize results from studies of the central brightest group early-type galaxies (BGEs) of an optically selected, statistically complete sample of 53 nearby groups (<80 Mpc; CLoGS sample), observed in radio 235/610 MHz (GMRT), CO (IRAM/APEX) and X-ray (Chandra and XMM-Newton) frequencies. We characterize the radio-AGN population of the BGEs, their group X-ray environment and examine the jet energetics impact on the intra-group gas. We discuss the relation between the radio properties of the BGEs and their group X-ray environment along with the relation between the molecular gas content and the star formation that BGEs present. We conclude that AGN feedback in groups can appear as relatively gentle near-continuous thermal regulation, but also as extreme AGN activity which could potentially shut down cooling for longer periods.
Circum-nuclear molecular disks: Role in AGN fueling and feedback
Authors: Combes Francoise
Published: March 2021

Gas fueling AGN (Active Galaxy Nuclei) is now traceable at high-resolution with ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array) and NOEMA (NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array). Dynamical mechanisms are essential to exchange angular momentum and drive the gas to the super-massive black hole. While at 100pc scale, the gas is sometimes stalled in nuclear rings, recent observations reaching 10pc scale (50mas), may bring smoking gun evidence of fueling, within a randomly oriented nuclear gas disk. AGN feedback is also observed, in the form of narrow and collimated molecular outflows, which point towards the radio mode, or entrainment by a radio jet. Precession has been observed in a molecular outflow, indicating the precession of the radio jet. One of the best candidates for precession is the Bardeen-Petterson effect at small scale, which exerts a torque on the accreting material, and produces an extended disk warp. The misalignment between the inner and large-scale disk, enhances the coupling of the AGN feedback, since the jet sweeps a large part of the molecular disk.
The birth of an AGN: NGC 4111
Authors: Roier Gabriel R. H. , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa
Published: March 2021

We have used near-infrared and optical Integral Field Spectroscopy along with optical images to study the inner 100 pc of NGC 4111 in a project to investigate the stellar and gas kinematics in the surroundings of Supermassive Black Holes in nearby galaxies. We have compared the inner stellar and gas kinematics with data of the outer regions of the galaxy. We found larger scale hot ionized gas and warm molecular gas within the inner 100 pc that is in counter-rotation relative to the stellar kinematics, a sign of inflowing material that is probably triggering an Active Galactic Nucleus. This is supported by the nuclear X-ray emission which is heating the molecular gas and causing it to emit. The presence of large amounts of dust in a polar ring suggests that this is a fairly recent event probably due to the capture of a dwarf galaxy.
The DIVING3D Project: Analysis of the nuclear region of Early-type Galaxies
Authors: Ricci T. V. , Steiner J. E. , Menezes R. B.
Published: March 2021

In this work, we present preliminary results regarding the nuclear emission lines of a statistically complete sample of 56 early-type galaxies that are part of the Deep Integral Field Spectroscopy View of Nuclei of Galaxies (DIVING3D) Project. All early type galaxies (ETGs) were observed with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph Integral Field Unit (GMOS-IFU) installed on the Gemini South Telescope. We detected emission lines in 93% of the sample, mostly low-ionization nuclear emission-line region galaxies (LINERs). We did not find Transition Objects nor H II regions in the sample. Type 1 objects are seen in ∼23% of the galaxies.
The evolution of star formation in QSOs according to WISE
Authors: Cutiva-Alvarez K. A. , Coziol R. , Torres-Papaqui J. P. , Andernach H. , Robleto-Orús A. C.
Published: March 2021

Using WISE data, we calibrated the W2-W3 colors in terms of star formation rates (SFRs) and applied this calibration to a sample of 1285 QSOs with the highest flux quality, covering a range in redshift from z ˜ 0.3 to z ˜ 3.8. According to our calibration, the SFR increases continuously, reaching a value at z ˜ 3.8 about 3 times higher on average than at lower redshift. This increase in SFR is accompanied by an increase of the BH mass by a factor 100 and a gradual increase of the mean Eddington ratio from 0.1 to 0.3 up to z ˜ 1.5 – 2.0, above which the ratio stays constant, despite a significant increase in BH mass. Therefore, QSOs at high redshifts have both more active BHs and higher levels of star formation activity.
The radial acceleration relation and its emergent nature
Authors: Rodrigues Davi C. , Marra Valerio
Published: March 2021

We review some of our recent results about the Radial Acceleration Relation (RAR) and its interpretation as either a fundamental or an emergent law. The former interpretation is in agreement with a class of modified gravity theories that dismiss the need for dark matter in galaxies (MOND in particular). Our most recent analysis, which includes refinements on the priors and the Bayesian test for compatibility between the posteriors, confirms that the hypothesis of a fundamental RAR is rejected at more than 5σ from the very same data that was used to infer the RAR.
Surface Brightness Fluctuations for constraining the chemical enrichment of massive galaxies
Authors: Vazdekis A. , Rodrguez-Beltrán P. , Cerviño M. , Montes M. , Martn-Navarro I. , Beasley M. B.
Published: March 2021

Based on very deep photometry, Surface Brightness Fluctuations (SBF) have been traditionally used to determine galaxy distances. We have recently computed SBF spectra of stellar populations at moderately high resolution, which are fully based on empirical stars. We show that the SBF spectra provide an unprecedented potential for stellar population studies that, so far, have been tackled on the basis of the mean fluxes. We find that the SBFs are able to unveil metal-poor stellar components at the one percent level, which are not possible to disentangle with the standard analysis. As these metal-poor components correspond to the first stages of the chemical enrichment, the SBF analysis provides stringent constrains on the quenching epoch.
Substructure in black hole scaling diagrams and implications for the coevolution of black holes and galaxies
Authors: Davis Benjamin L. , Sahu Nandini , Graham Alister W.
Published: March 2021

Our multi-component photometric decomposition of the largest galaxy sample to date with dynamically-measured black hole masses nearly doubles the number of such galaxies. We have discovered substantially modified scaling relations between the black hole mass and the host galaxy properties, including the spheroid (bulge) stellar mass, the total galaxy stellar mass, and the central stellar velocity dispersion. These refinements partly arose because we were able to explore the scaling relations for various sub-populations of galaxies built by different physical processes, as traced by the presence of a disk, early-type versus late-type galaxies, or a Sérsic versus core-Sérsic spheroid light profile. The new relations appear fundamentally linked with the evolutionary paths followed by galaxies, and they have ramifications for simulations and formation theories involving both quenching and accretion.