bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging Features and Associated Factors in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Perspective from a Private Care Center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Biniyam A. Ayele  , Mehila Z. Wuhib  , Betesaida G. Zenebe  , Yared Z. Zewde  , Yonas T. Wolde  , Guta Z. Metaferia
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Brain and spine magnetic resonance image (MRI) have an invaluable importance in diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS) in low prevalence countries such as Ethiopia. The objective of our study was to characterize the neuroimaging features and associated factors in Multiple sclerosis patients inAddis Ababa, Ethiopia.METHOD: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 30 multiple sclerosis patients at Yehuleshet Specialty Clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the data.RESULTS: We have enrolled 30 patients with confirmed multiple sclerosis and clinically isolate syndrome. The mean age was 34.7 years (1SD=8.9). Female accounted 86.7%. The mean duration of illness was 3.4 years (1SD=3.1) (range: 1 – 11 years). Relapsing and remitting variant was the commonest sub type (66.7%). Alcohol use and head injury were the commonest identified risk factors reported by the patients. Classical radiological features of MS such as white matter lesions involving juxtacortical, U-fiber, corpus callosum (CC), and Dawson’s finger projections pattern were observed in 46.7%, 23.3%, 70%, and 40% respectively. Cervical and thoracic cords were affected in 40% and 6.7% respectively. Global cortical and CC atrophy was observed in 16.7% and 6.7% respectively. Advanced age was associated with lesions of corpus callosum when adjusted for duration of illness and history of head injury (AOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.28, p=0.04).CONCLUSION: Typical neuroimaging features of MS were prevalent among Ethiopian MS patients. Age was an independent predictor of lesions involving corpus callosum. Global cortical atrophy was common among Ethiopian MS patients.
Estimation of Stature from Arm Span, Arm Length and Tibial Length among Adolescents of Aged 15-18 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Abay Mulu  , Bereket Sisay
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Knowing the relationship between stature and different anatomical anthropometric parameters help forensic scientists, anatomists and clinicians to estimate standing height from mutilated remains of body parts in clinical practices and forensic investigations. It is a necessity when measuring height is unenviable due to certain medical conditions and in field studies. This study aims to estimate stature from arm span, arm length and tibial length among adolescents of age 15-18 in Ethiopia.METHODS: A school based cross-sectional study was carried out among 416 high school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from May to June 2019. Stratified multi-stage sampling techniques were used to select the study participants. Anthropometric measurement including weight, height, arm span, arm length and tibial length was measured. Data entry was done by Epi-Data a version 4.4.3.1 and data analysis was carried out by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Regression models and multiplication factors were generated for estimation of height from anthropometric parameters.RESULT: From total participants 51.4% were females and 48.6% were males. The mean height of study participants was 164.36±8.89cm for males and 155.75±5.86cm for females. The correlation coefficients(R) of anatomical anthropometric measurements with height were: arm span (males R=0.843,females R=0.708), arm length (males R=0.806, females R=0.635), and tibial length (males R=0.738, females R=0.611).CONCLUSION: Stature predicted from arm span, arm length, and tibial length is a valid indicator of height. Arm span was appeared to be the best predictor of stature.
Complete Resolution of the Pituitary Mass Lesion and Improvement of Pituitary Function with Corticosteroid in Autoimmune Hypophysitis: A Case Report
Authors: Kishore Kumar Behera  , Ranjan Kumar Jena  , Subhendu Kumar Sahoo  , Uttam Kumar Soren
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Autoimmune hypophysitis is the consequence of an immune-mediated inflammation of the pituitary gland, which is rare, and most frequently occurs in females during postpartum periods. It usually responds well to corticosteroid treatment with reported resolution of the pituitary mass lesion.CASE REPORT: A 51 years male presented with a one-month history of lethargy, headache, nausea, proximal muscle weakness with intermittent flushing. He was a diabetic with metformin 500mg twice daily. No other remarkable medical history or family history of autoimmune disease. On examination, he had no neurological deficit with a normal visual field. His initial biochemical evaluation showed features of secondary hypothyroidism as evidenced by low free FT4 and suppressed TSH with normal electrolytes. The subsequent evaluation of his hormonal profile revealed panhypopituitarism. Contrast MRI of pituitary showed an enhanced homogenous mass and minimal stalk thickening with a dural tail and preserved posterior bright spot. He was managed with glucocorticoid 20 mg once daily for two weeks along with levothyroxine and testosterone replacement. After two weeks of treatment, he improved clinically. Repeat MRI imaging of the pituitary showed complete resolution of the homogenous mass.CONCLUSION: Although autoimmune hypophysitis is rare in males, a careful clinical history with necessary hormonal investigations is required for the suspicion about the inflammatory pituitary disorders This current case highlights glucocorticoid as the primary modality of treatment and the need for long-term follow-up with periodic clinical assessment.
Predictors of Mortality among Adult People Living with HIV and Its Implications for Appointment Spacing Model Approach Care
Authors: Aderajew Nigusse Tekelehaimanot  , Tefera Belachew  , Esayas Kebede Gudina  , Masrie Getnet  , Demuma Amdisa  , Lelisa Sena Dadi
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Ethiopia has been motivated to achieve a goal of “appointment spacing model approach care.” However, little has been documented on the predictor of mortality and challenges of sustainable HIV care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine predictors of mortality among adult people living with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy (ART).METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 676 adult people living with HIV who enrolled to ART clinic from September 01, 2012 - August 30, 2016. Multivariable Cox Regression analysis was done where adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) at P value ≤ 0.05 cut of point was used to identify predictors of mortality.RESULTS: The total person-time contributed was 28,209 personmonths with an overall mortality incidence rate of 11 per 1000 person-months observation. The cumulative mortality incidence among females over the study period was 16.8% (64/382). Severe undernourishment and moderate malnutrition at baseline, younger age, female sex, single, divorced, illiterate, lack of disclosure, advanced WHO clinical stage, seeking treatment outside catchment area, rural residence and immunological failure were found to be independent predictors of mortality.CONCLUSIONS: Poor nutritional status at baseline, advanced stage of HIV disease, occurrence of treatment failure, female sex, substance abuse, lack of social support, immunological failure, clinical failure, and younger age, low level of education and poor physical access to healthcare facility were found to be important predictors of mortality. Intervening, those factors as routine and part of the appointment spacing model care can improve survival of PLWHA.
Pattern of Presentation, Management and Early Outcome in Patients with Perforated Peptic Ulcer Disease in a Semi-urban Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Olaogun Julius Gbenga  , Dada Samuel Ayokunle  , Akanbi Ganiyu  , Inubile Adekoya
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Perforated peptic ulcer is a life-threatening complication with a high morbidity and mortality. It is the most common indication for emergency operation in peptic ulcer disease (PUD) patients. This study aimed to describe the pattern of presentation, management and early outcome in patients with perforated PUD.METHODS: This was a prospective study of patients who had operation for perforated PUD at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), Ado-Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria from June 2015 to May 2020.RESULTS: Forty-six patients were studied with their ages ranging from 21-85 years. Their mean age was 49.9±16.3 years while the median was 54 years. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 5.5:1. Majority (56.5%) of the patients were farmers and artisans. Duration of symptoms was 6 hours to 9 days (mean 2.7±1.9 days). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use, herbal concoction, alcohol and smoking was found in 54.3%, 52.2%, 30.4% and 21.7% respectively. More duodenal perforations (63.0%) were recorded. Graham’s patch closure was done for 27 (58.7%) while the remaining (41.3%) had primary closure with omentoplasty. Sixteen (34.8%) had postoperative complications with wound infection predominating. Overall postoperative mortality was 17.4%. Age ≥ 60 years (p=0.04), premorbid illness (p=0.01), delayed presentation ≥ 48 hours (p=0.01), shock (p=0.01) and intraperitoneal effluent ≥ 2000ml (p=0.03) were associated with mortalities.CONCLUSION: Perforated PUD accounts for high morbidities and mortalities in our setting. Abuse of NSAIDs and herbal concoction ranked highest among the risk factors. Efforts at curtailing indiscriminate sales of NSAIDs and herbal concoction will reduce the menace.
Congenital Anomalies in Neonates Admitted to a Tertiary Hospital in Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Kassahun Birhanu  , Workneh Tesfaye  , Melkamu Berhane
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡Congenital anomalies affect 2-3% of all live births. Anomalies of the central nervous system account for the highest incidence followed by that of the cardiovascular and renal systems. There is scarcity of data in developing countries like Ethiopia. The aim of the study was determining the magnitude and type of congenital anomalies and associated factors in neonates admitted to the neonatology ward of Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia.METHODS: Institution based cross sectional study was done from March 1 to July 30, 2020. A total of 422 mother-infant pairs were enrolled into the study. Structured questionnaires were used to capture the socio-demographic, obstetric and medical characteristics of the mothers, demographic characteristics of the infants and type of congenital anomalies. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done and results are presented as narratives and using figures and tables.RESULTS: Closer to one in five neonates admitted to the neonatology ward (78, 18.5%, 95%CI 14.7-22.3) had congenital anomalies; the majority (59, 13.98%) having only one type of anomaly. Anomalies of the nervous system (29, 6.87%) and gastrointestinal system (24, 5.68%) accounted for the majority ofthe cases. Inadequate antenatal care follow-up (p=0.018, AOR=1.9, 95%CI1.115, 3.257) and lack of folate supplementation during pregnancy (p=0.027, AOR=2.35, 95%CI 1.101, 5.015) were associated with congenital anomalies in the neonates.CONCLUSION: Congenital anomalies account for significant number of admissions. Significant association was seen between neonatal congenital anomalies and poor antenatal attendance and lack of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy.
Yield of Ultrasound Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Intraabdominal Masses and Lymph Nodes: A Prospective Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Simon Shiferaw Melese  , Ferehiwot Bekele Getaneh
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Ultrasonography (USG) guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a safe, rapid and accurate procedure for establishing diagnosis of intraabdominal lesions. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy, and factors affecting the yield of USG guided FNAC. In addition, we intent to analyze the various intraabdominal masses based on location and cytological features.METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of radiology, between September 2019 –September 2020. Patients’ preparation and USG guided FNAC procedures were performed according to the departments protocol. Chi-square test was used to assess the significance of association between independent and dependent variables.RESULTS: Seventy-four USG guided FNAC were performed. The liver was aspirated in 34 (45.9%) followed by omentum, nine (12.2%), abdominal lymph nodes in seven (9.5%) and ovaries in four (5.4%) of the cases. The sample was diagnostically adequate in 56 (75.7%). Malignancy was diagnosed in 52 (70.3%) followed by inflammatory 3(4.1%) and one (1.4%) case of indeterminate spindle cell neoplasm (1.4%). There were no statistically significant associations between the diagnostic yield and location of the lesion, the size of the lesion, the sampling technique, the number of needle passes and qualification of the operators.CONCLUSION: USG guided FNAC provides a good diagnostic yield and there is no difference in diagnostic yield between the various location of the lesions, sampling techniques, number of needle passes and qualification of the operators. A larger size study is recommended to better analyze factors affecting thediagnostic yield of this procedure.
A Qualitative Study Exploring the Experiences of Mothers Caring for Their Children with Thalassemia in Iran
Authors: Majedeh Nabavian  , Fatemeh Cheraghif_  , Farshid Shamsaei  , Lily Tapak  , Ahmad Tamadoni
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Mothers of children with thalassemia usually experience many sufferings and challenges in caring of their children. The present study aimed to explore the experiences of mothers caring for their children with thalassemia.METHODS: In this qualitative study, 14 mothers caring for their children with thalassemia in Hamedan and Babol Cities, Iran were selected using purposeful sampling, from December 2019 to August 2020. Data were collected through semi-structured faceto- face interviews. Graneheim and Lundman's approach of conventional content analysis was used for data analysis.RESULTS: After data analyzing, four themes, including physical distress, psychological suffering, hellish life, and self-negligence, as well as nine categories, including the mother's physical problems, physical weakness, confusion, painful emotions, restless life, involvement in a painful caring process, turmoil in the family, neglect of one's health, and disregard for the occurrence of psychosomatic illnesses, were extracted.CONCLUSION: Our findings provide a broad range of contextspecific challenges that mothers of thalassemic child faced during caring of their children that can affect different aspects of their life and health. Thus, mothers of children with thalassemia need various types of support such as social, emotional, and informational support during caring process of their children.
Probable Vanishing White Matter Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Endayen Deginet  , Robel Tilahun  , Solomon Bishaw  , Konjit Eshetu  , Ayalew Moges
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Vanishing white matter disease is one of the most prevalent inherited childhood leukoencephalopathies. The disease is characterized by chronic, progressive and episodic deterioration with ataxia and spasticity.CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we report a 15-month-old female child from Dire-Dawa, eastern part of Ethiopia, who presented with regression of developmental milestones and truncal ataxia since her age of 11 months following a febrile illness that occurred one month earlier. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain is suggestive of vanishing white matter disease.CONCLUSIONS: We believe this case report will increase curiosity, awareness and knowledge of health professionals in Ethiopia and sub-Saharan Africa working with children in early consideration and the diagnosis of the disease.
Unusual Posterior Wall Uterine Rupture with the Use of Misoprostol for Second Trimester Pregnancy Termination
Authors: Yitbarek Fantahun Mariye  , Eskinder Kebede Weldetensay  , Weyesa Dribisa
Published: July 2024

Abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable. It is one of the most commonly performed procedures in gynecological departments worldwide. Termination of pregnancy in second trimester is one of the greatest challenges because of multiple modes of termination options with their risks of complication and making it riskier than the first trimester termination. We report this case because of a rare occurrence of posterior wall rupture which would have led to grave complication if not anticipated and detected early.
Surgically Managed Acquired Vulvar Lymphangioma Circumscriptum
Authors: Getu Dinku Heyi  , Sintayehu Debas Endalew  , Tadie Siraw Mulu  , Mulu Melkie Gesese
Published: July 2024

Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a rare benign disorder of lymphatic channels in deep dermal and subcutaneous layers. It can occur either as a congenital abnormality or as acquired damage to previously normal lymphatic channels. It occurs in different parts of the body, and the vulva is one of the parts which is commonly affected. Here, we presented a 39 years old para 2 who presented with vulvar swelling. She was diagnosed with acquired lymphangioma circumscriptum of the vulva and superficial vulvectomy was done .
Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Breakthrough COVID-19 Infection among Vaccinated Beneficiaries from a COVID-19 Vaccination Centre in Bihar, India
Authors: Chandra Mani Singh  , Prashant Kumar Singh  , Bijaya Nanda Naik  , Sanjay Pandey  , Santosh Kumar Nirala  , Prabhat Kumar Singh
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ When the whole world is fighting in an unprecedented pace against COVID-19 pandemic, the breakthrough COVID infections poise to dampen the rapid control of the same. We carried out this project with two objectives; first, to estimate the proportion of breakthrough COVID-19 infection among completely vaccinated individuals and second, to study the clinico-epidemiological profile of breakthrough COVID-19 infections among them.METHODS: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 2703 fully vaccinated individuals from AIIMS, Patna COVID Vaccination Centre (CVC), Bihar, India. The participants were selected randomly using a systematic sampling technique from the list of beneficiaries maintained at the CVC. Telephonic interviews were made to collect the information by trained data collectors.
RESULTS: A total of 274 fully vaccinated beneficiaries [10.1% (95% CI: 9.1%, 11.4%)] were diagnosed with breakthrough COVID-19 infection. The infections were more among males (10.4%) and the individuals aged ≤29 years (12.5%). The beneficiary categories, the healthcare-worker and the frontlineworker, were identified as predictors of the breakthrough COVID infections. Only one in three participants had adopted adequate COVID appropriate behaviour following the full vaccination. The majority of the breakthrough infections occurred during the second wave of COVID-19. The majority of the individuals with breakthrough infections were asymptomatic and no death was reported among them.CONCLUSION: One in every ten fully vaccinated individuals can get the breakthrough COVID infections. The healthcare-worker and the frontline-worker had independent risk of getting the breakthrough infections. Very few with breakthrough infections were serious and no death was reported among them.
Pediatric Oculo-orbital Tumor Characteristics, Imaging and Histopathology Agreement in a Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Semira Abrar Issa  , Amal Saleh Nour  , Getachew Assefa Neknek
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Oculo-orbital tumors are frequently encountered pathologies and late diagnosis results in high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study aims to assess the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging patterns of pediatric oculo-orbital tumors with particular emphasis on retinoblastoma and compare agreement between imaging and histopathology diagnosis.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 101 pediatric patients with oculo-orbital lesions from February 2017 to January 2020 at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital oncology center. Medical records were reviewed for clinical data, history, physical examination, pretreatment eye exam under anesthesia (EUA), computed tomography (CT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology reports. The agreement between imaging and histopathology diagnosis was analyzed.RESULTS: Malignant oculo-orbital tumors represented 97 (96.1%) cases. Age group 2-5 years had 56 (55.4%) cases of oculo-orbital tumors. Retinoblastoma accounted for 78 (77.2%) followed by rhabdomyosarcoma in 8 (7.9%) patients. The primary patient complaint was proptosis in 78 (77.2%) followed by leukocoria in 16 (15.8%). In 88 (89.7%) cases, there was agreement between imaging and histologic findings with 72 out of the 75 histopathology confirmed cases of retinoblastoma showing an agreement. Retinoblastoma patients presented at an advanced stage with orbital and intracranial extension.Conclusions: In conclusion, patients with oculo-orbital tumors presented with advanced stage of disease. Excellent imaging and histopathology agreement was demonstrated.
Pattern and Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Hospital-based Study
Authors: Abraham Hagos  , Feven Tedla  , Abrham Tadele  , Ayalew Zewdie
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in young adults in the world. This study assessed clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes among traumatic brain injury patients presenting to Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency, and Trauma hospital.METHODS: A cross-sectional hospital-based survey was conducted at AaBET hospital from January 01/2020 to April 30/2020. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from the trauma registry and patient chart. The collected data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS v 25.0.RESULTS: Among the 304 traumatic brain injury patients, 75% were males with a mean age of 30.4 + 15.7, and 59.2% came from the Oromia region. Road traffic injury was responsible for 45% of the cases, of which pedestrian struck accounts for 52.2% of the cases. Only 50 (16.4%) patients arrived below 02 hours. 201 (66.1%) patients had mild traumatic brain injury the rest had moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Skullbone fracture (linear, DSF, & BSF) was the most common (n=157, 63.1%)followed by intracerebral lesions (DAI, brain contusion, & ICH (n=140, 56.5%). Forty-three (14.1%) patients were intubated. 45(14.8%) cases had a neurosurgical intervention. The mortality rate of severe, moderate, & mild TBI were 25%, 8.0% & 2.0% respectively with an overall mortality of 5.6%.CONCLUSION: This study showed road traffic injury was the commonest cause of traumatic brain injury which affected young age groups. There was a delayed presentation to AaBET hospital Emergency. The mortality rate was lower than other Ethiopian hospital studies.
Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tariku Shimels  , Rodas Asrat Kassu  , Gelila Bogale  , Mahteme Bekele Muleta  , Gizachew Tadesse Akalu  , Abrham Getachew  , Zewdneh Shewamene  , Melsew Getnet  , Mebratu Abraha
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the healthrelated quality of life of patients with T2DM and hypertension attending public health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st through 30th August 2020 at the selected institutions. Health facilities were chosen purposively based on patient load. Participants were drawn after proportional to size allocation. A translated EQ-5D-3L, and EQ-VAS instrument was used to collect the data. Analysis was done using SPSS v.26.0. Both parametric and non-parametric models were applied in the analysis.RESULTS: Of the 409 participants included, the majority were in the age group of 46-60 (36.0%), females (56.0%), from hospitals (54.8%), jobless (25.4%), and married (63.3%). Over two-thirds of the patients reported no problems with self-care, usual activity, and depression/anxiety. All dimensions showed an increasing proportion of moderate to severe problems in the age group beyond 45. Facility type, comorbid condition and age showed a statistically significant score difference for QoL. The overall prevalence of any problem was 59.0%. Education level, visit to a health center, and marriage showed lower odds of affected HRQoL whereas, lower monthly income and presence of comorbidities were opposite.CONCLUSION: HRQoL of patients in the study settings was suboptimal and below the general population. Attributes, such as education, facility type, marital status, income level, and comorbid status have a statistically significant association with HRQoL. Arrangement of a safe and quality health services is paramount, especially, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Nurses´ Knowledge, Practice, and Associated Factors with Enteral Nutrition in Adult Intensive Care Units of Public Hospitals
Authors: Tsige Hadera  , Tigist Worku  , Wagari Tuli
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: In critically ill patients, enteral nutrition is recommended as a route for nutrient delivery. Nurses' knowledge and practice of enteral nutrition influence patients' clinical outcomes. Therefore, this study sought to assess nurses' knowledge, practice, and associated factors regarding enteral nutrition in adult intensive care unit patients in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 196 nurses working in public hospitals in Addis Ababa from April 11 to April 30, 2020. The data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS version 21. The correlation between independent variables and dependent variables was estimated using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression at a 95% confidence level.RESULTS: The level of inadequate knowledge and poor practice of nurses relating to enteral nutrition was 67.7% and 53.8%, respectively. Bachelor's degree holders were less likely to be knowledgeable (AOR= 0.24, 95% CI: (0.61, 0.93)). Nurses' practice about enteral nutrition was significantly associated with nurses' age (AOR = 0.023, 95 % CI: (0.001,0.52), nurses receiving training on enteral nutrition (AOR = 1.951, 95 % CI: (0.06, 0.60)), and nurses from ICUs having a guideline and protocol on enteral feeding practice (AOR = 3.401, 95 % CI: (1.186, 9.789).CONCLUSIONS: In the study, it was revealed that a substantial proportion of nurses had inadequate knowledge of enteral nutrition and practiced poor enteral nutrition.
Routine Health Information Utilization and Associated Factors among Health Professionals Working in Public Health Facilities of the South Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Sewunet Sako  , Girma Gilano  , Yilma Chisha  , Misgun Shewangizaw  , Teshale Fikadu
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Routine health information is the pillar for planning and management of health services and plays a vital role in effective and efficient health service delivery, decision making, and the improvement of programs. Therefore, this study aimed to assess routine health information utilization and associated factors among health professionals working in public health facilities of the south region.METHODS: Institution based cross-sectional study design was employed. Data was collected from randomly selected 719 participants using a pre-tested, interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out.RESULT: The overall utilization of routine health information was 63.1. Place of residence, HMIS personnel, HMIS code, overwhelming data source, population based data, data quality control, feedback, monitoring chart, 8.467) and data transfer policy were factors significantly associated with utilization of routine health information.CONCLUSION: Six out of ten health professionals had utilized routine health information. Place of residence, HMIS personnel, HMIS code, overwhelming data source, population based data, data quality control, feedback, monitoring chart and data transfer policy had significant associations with routine health information utilization. Therefore, concerned health authorities need to work on these factors to improve the utilization.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Peripartum Hysterectomy among Iranian Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Saloumeh Peivandi  , Sepideh Peivandi  , Ali Habibi  , Zoleikha Atarod  , Mahmood Moosazadeh  , Somayeh Fallah
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Peripartum hysterectomy (PPH) is one of the effective treatment modalities which is increasingly performed to save the life of pregnant women with uncontrollable severe postpartum hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with PPH among Iranian pregnant women.METHODS: In a retrospective study, 33 pregnant women with PPH referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, Mazandaran province, northern Iran were enrolled. Data were collected using census sampling from March 2017 to 2020. Patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate the study variables.RESULTS: The prevalence of PPH among Iranian pregnant women was 2.81 per 1000 deliveries. The mean length of stay in the hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) was 6.15 (SD=2.91) and 3.17 (SD=1.50) days, respectively. Of the participants, 90.9% had a cesarean section, 51.6% had emergency PPH, 88.2% had emergency PPH in 24 hours after delivery, 9.1% had an induction, and 60.6% had PPH due to placental abnormalities. The mean duration of PPH procedure was 2.51 (SD=1.14) hours. The most common post-operative complication in participants was fever. Participants with older gestational age had more elective PPH (P=0.029). The length of ICU stay was more in patients with total PPH procedure compared to the supracervical (P<0.017). The induction rate was higher in emergency PPH after vaginal delivery compared to cesarean section (P=0.005).CONCLUSION: This study showed a high prevalence of PPH among pregnant women. Also, there was a significant relationship between the PPH and length of ICU stay, especially after supracervical hysterectomy. The results of this study can help obstetrician-gynecologist to provide a better intervention for managing patients with postpartum hemorrhage requiring PPH.
Early Postnatal Care Utilization among Rural Women in Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Lalisa Ayele Woldasemayat  , Abiru Neme Negawo  , Chaluma Kumela Mengesha  , Tilahun Fufa Debela
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Postnatal care is a key strategy to reduce maternal mortality. An early postnatal visit is a critical time for the survival of mothers and newborns. Despite the benefits, most mothers do not receive postnatal care services. Thus, this study was aimed to assess early postnatal care utilization among rural women and identify its associated factors.METHODS: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Horo Guduru Wollega zone from May 10 to 27/2019. A total of 695 randomly selected women participated in the study. A simple random sampling method was employed using the women's registration logbook. Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for possible confounders. A significance level of less than 0.05 was used in the final model to judge statistical significance.RESULTS: The magnitude of early postnatal care utilization was 21.8%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that decision-making power, awareness about postnatal care, knowing at least one danger sign, place of delivery (AOR = 8.01), and model household (AOR = 5.65) were statistically significant.CONCLUSION: This study showed that the utilization of early postnatal care among rural women was found to be low. Decision-making, awareness about the danger signs, place of delivery, and graduating as a model household were the factors associated with postnatal care. Therefore, recommended that health facilities should work on increasing community awareness about the danger signs that can occur after birth or during the postnatal period and increase institutional deliveries.
Asymptomatic Malaria in Households and Neighbors of Laboratory Confirmed Cases in Raya Kobo District, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Yimer Melese  , Megbaru Alemu  , Mulat Yimer  , Banchamlak Tegegne  , Tigist Tadele
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Malaria is the leading vector-borne parasitic disease that is causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. So far huge efforts to control and eliminate malaria are hindered by the occurrence of asymptomatic carriers that are a potential source of infection. Yet, there is a scarcity of data nationally and in the current study area as well. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in Northeast Ethiopia.METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 involving a total of 270 study participants recruited via purposive non-probability sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, individual and household factors related to asymptomatic malaria. Data were entered in Epi Data 3.1 version and analyzed by using SPSS version 20, and p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of asymptomatic malaria was 7.0%, with 3.0%, 5.2%, and 12.0%, respectively by Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), Microscopy and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The majority of infections (73.7%) were identified from index households. Previous malaria history (AOR: 4.030, 95% CI: 1.021-15.903), living with index cases (AOR: 3.880, 95% CI: 1.275-11.806) and family size > 6 members (AOR: 4.820, 95% CI: 1.260-18.437) were significant predictors of asymptomatic malaria.CONCLUSION: Reactive case detection had identified considerably higher asymptomatic malaria cases in the community. Therefore, active case investigation should be established in the community by tracking the symptomatic cases at the health facilities.
Efficacy of Praziquantel Treatment and Schistosoma Mansoni Infection among Primary School Children in Kemisse Town, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Meslo Sema Berhanu  , Seyfe Asrade Atnafie  , Tahir Eyayu Ali  , Aderaw Adamu Chekol  , Habtamu Biazin Kebede
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Schistosoma mansoni infection is endemic in Ethiopia. The epidemiology of S. mansoni and the efficacy of praziquantel among schoolchildren have not been well documented in different parts of the country including our study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the status of S. mansoni infection and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel among school children in northeast Ethiopia.METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 499 children of two preschool children. Stool specimens were collected and microscopically examined using Kato-Katz (41.7 gram) methods. Positive children were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel at 40 mg/kg body weight. Egg reduction and cure rates were assessed 4 weeks post-treatment to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel against S. mansoni infection.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection among the schoolchildren was 52.1% with a mean intensity of 546 eggs per gram of stool. Majorities of the S. mansoni infections were moderate to heavy intensity, with only 5.0% light infections. Praziquantel administered at a single oral dose of 40 mg/kg achieved a cure rate of 91.7% and reduced the egg rate by 86.8%. Twenty-one schoolchildren remained infected at 4 weeks posttreatment, among which 6 and 15 children had moderate and light infections, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: S. mansoni prevalence among primary school children in Northeast Ethiopia was high, highlighting the need to implement school-based chemotherapy with annual frequency. The efficacy of praziquantel at 40 mg/kg is sufficient to permit continued use in treating S. mansoni-infected schoolchildren.
Clinical Manifestations, Imaging Procedures and Laboratory Parameters among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Ilam Province, Western Iran
Authors: Mohammad Reza Kaffashian  , Maryam Shirani  , Maryam Koupaei  , Nourkhoda Sadeghifard  , Iraj Ahmadi  , Aliashraf Mozafari  , Ali Nazari  , Mohsen Heidary  , Saeed Khoshnood
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is the last global threat which WHO confirmed it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. In the Middle East, Iran was the first country where the SARS-Cov-2 was detected. The epidemiological and economic challenges of Iran make this country a particularly relevant subject of study. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in hospitalized COVID-19 confirmed cases in Ilam province, western of Iran.METHODS: Overall, 2204 hospitalized RT-PCR confirmed patients with COVID-19 were considered in this study. Electronic medical records, including clinical symptoms, radiological images, laboratory findings, and the comorbidities of patients with COVID-19 were collected and analyzed. In addition, the medication regimens used in these patients were evaluated. The patients were classified in discharged and died groups according to their outcomes. Then, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings as well as treatment regimens and underlying diseases were compared in these two groups.RESULTS: Among the patients, 1209 (54.85%) were male and 995 (45.14%) were female. Pneumonia, dyspnea and cough, were the most common clinical data in both discharged and died groups. Among the comorbidities, COPD, and cancer were significantly more common in the dead patients than in the living. The results of laboratory tests showed that blood creatinine, BUN, ESR, Na+, WBC, and neutrophil count have increased in deceased group compared to the survivors. However, the lymphocyte count decreased in deceased patients. The evaluation of radiographs demonstrated that there were significant correlations between bilateral pneumonia, ground glass opacity, bilateral patchy shadowing, and pleural effusion with death.CONCLUSION: The current investigation indicated the special profile of COVID-19 in west of Iran. Discharged and dead patients with COVID-19 had distinct clinical, radiological and laboratory features, which were separated by principal component analysis. Identifying these characteristics of the disease would translate into the implementation of practical measures to improve results.
Editorial: The Burden of Visual Impairment and Efforts to Curve it Down
Authors: Haileamlak Abraham
Published: July 2024

No Abstract
Ureteroscopy Outcome and Its Determinants in a Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Mohammed Seid , Redi Sultan , Berhe Tekleberhan , Teshome Henok
Published: July 2024

Background: Ureteroscopy is a major diagnostic and therapeutic technique for lesions of the ureter and intrarenal collecting system.
Methods: A retrospective chart review was done at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia to determine the outcome of  ureteroscopy and factors affecting it. The study period was from January 2018 to April 2018. Multivariate analysis was done to determine factors  affecting stone clearance and success rate.
Result: One hundred six patients who underwent semirigid ureteroscopy were included in the study. The male-to-female ratio was 1.8:1. The mean  age of the patients was 36.4 years (±12.6). Ninety-six (90.6%) patients were found to have ureteric stones, while 9(8.5%) patients had a ureteric  stricture. Ureteroscopy therapeutic interventions for stones were successful in 89 (92.7%) patients. The mean procedure time and postoperative  hospital stay were 44 minutes (±23.7) and 2.5 days (±2.5) respectively. Intraoperative complications (ureteric avulsion, hemorrhage, and ureteral  perforations) occurred in 6(5.7%) patients. The stone clearance rate was 54.7% (52). The site of obstruction was passed in 93 patients making the  success rate of the procedure 87.7%. The absence of intraoperative complications was significantly associated with success rate. Patients with  intraoperative complications have low success rate (20%) compared to patients without complications (92.3%), p=0.42.
Conclusion: Semirigid  ureteroscopy had a good success rate, especially for stones in the distal ureter and if there is no flexible ureteroscope, it is an acceptable alternative.
Effect of Euthanasia Education on the Views of Nursing Students
Authors: Şerife YILMAZ  , Gamze ÖZBEK GÜVEN
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Nurses play an important role in the healthcare team and are closely involved in the daily care of patients. Sometimes, they are involved in the care of terminal patients, who may thus be confronted with difficult end-of-life decisions such as euthanasia. Therefore, it is important to determine the views on euthanasia of nursing students who will work in health care and prepare them for such situations in their professional life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of euthanasia education on nursing students’ opinions.METHODS: Pretest-posttest single group semi-experimental method was used in the study. Data were obtained with two surveys carried out both before and after education. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, or Fisher’s exact tests were used to analyze.RESULTS: Euthanasia education provided students with a different perspective. The results indicated that 56.4% of thestudents that they knew about euthanasia partially enough before education. After the training, 65.5% of them indicated that they had enough knowledge. Rate of those who are undecided on many questions before education decreased.CONCLUSION: Education can significantly change nursing students’ approach to euthanasia and provides ethical awareness. Euthanasia and related topics should be added to the curriculum. Students should be encouraged to express their opinions and questions about euthanasia. Students should receive ethics education to prepare them to deal with euthanasia-related issues in their professional lives.
Mature Solid Teratoma of the Retroperitoneum Presenting as Sigmoid Colon Polyp with Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case Report
Authors: Onyishi Nnaemeka Thaddeus , Lebbie Aiah , Sesay Alie Amin , Duduyemi Babatunde Moses
Published: July 2024

Background: Mature colonic teratomas are rare tumors and no case, to the best of our knowledge, has been reported from the African continent. In  addition, some pedunculated teratomas in the colon have been treated by endoscopic polypectomy and classified as primary teratoma of the  colon. We report a case of a distinct intra sigmoid pedunculated teratoma originating from the retroperitoneum of a 4-year-old African girl and we  highlight the potential for misclassification of primary origin of endoscopically removed polypoid teratomas in the colon.
Case Presentation: A 4  year-old black African female child who presented with abdominal pain and hematochezia. On clinical assessment, she was found to be anaemic  and to have a sigmoid colon mass. At surgery, there was a mobile mass within the lumen of sigmoid colon and the mass was fixed to the  retroperitoneum by a stalk of tissue. Pathologist’s review of the resected sigmoid segment showed a pedunculated intra-sigmoid mass with the stalk  traversing the wall of the colon. The mass was histologically proven a mature solid teratoma.
Conclusion: This, to the best of our knowledge,  is the first report of intra sigmoid teratoma from the African continent. It highlights the potential for misclassification of endoscopically resected  colonic teratomas.
Maternal Vitamin D Status and Its Associated Environmental Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chee Woon Fui , Aji Arif Sabta , Lipoeto Nur Indrawaty , Siew Chin Yit
Published: July 2024

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common among women during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence of vitamin D  deficiency and their shared modifiable environmental factors among pregnant women in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Methods: Blood samples of 844 third-trimester pregnant women (Indonesians: 311; Malaysians: 533) were collected to determine their serum  25(OH) D levels. Information on sun exposure and sun protection behaviours were obtained through face-to-face interviews. Dietary vitamin D  intake was assessed by using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.
Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/L) among Indonesian and Malaysian pregnant women were 42.4% and 72.0%,  respectively. Percentage of exposed body surface area was inversely associated with vitamin D deficiency among Indonesian pregnant women (OR =  0.21, 95% CI = 0.09-0.48). Among Malaysian pregnant women, higher intakes of dietary vitamin D were associated with lower risk of vitamin D  deficiency (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.29-0.81). Analysis of the combined cohorts revealed a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women  who had a daily intake of at least 15 mcg vitamin D (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.38-0.88) and exposure of more than 27% body surface area to the sunlight  (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.16-0.60).
Conclusion: Despite abundant sunshine, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among pregnant women in tropical countries. The present study suggests  that nutrition education on vitamin D intake and sun exposure during pregnancy is necessary for primary prevention of vitamin D  deficiency in pregnant women living in the tropical countries.
Electroencephalographic Findings, Antiepileptic Drugs and Risk Factors of 433 Individuals Referred to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Biniyam A. , Belay Hanna Demissie , Oda Dereje Melka , Gelan Yohannes D. , Negash Hanna Assefa , Kifelew Selam , Gebrewold Meron Awraris , Hagos Teklil , Zewde Yared Z. , Yifru Yared Mamushet , Tsehayneh Fikru , Amare Amanuel , Moges Ayalew , Gugssa Seid Ali , Mengesha Abenet Tafesse
Published: July 2024

Background: Little is known about the characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) findings in epileptic patients in Ethiopia. The objective of this  study was to characterize the EEG patterns, indications, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and epilepsy risk factors.Methods: A retrospective observational review of EEG test records of 433 patients referred to our electrophysiology unit between July 01, 2020 and  December 31, 2021.Results: The age distribution in the study participants was right skewed unipolar age distribution for both sexes and the mean age of 33.8 (SD=15.7) years. Male accounted for 51.7%. Generalized tonic clonic seizure was the most common seizure type. The commonest indication for EEG was  abnormal body movement with loss of consciousness (35.2%). Abnormal EEG findings were observed in 55.2%; more than half of them were Interictal epileptiform discharges, followed by focal/or generalized slowing. Phenobarbitone was the commonest AEDs. A quarter (20.1%) of the  patients were getting a combination of two AEDs and 5.2% were on 3 different AEDs. Individuals taking the older AEDs and those on 2 or more AEDs  tended to have abnormal EEG findings. A cerebrovascular disorder (27.4%) is the prevalent risk factor identified followed by brain tumor, HIV  infection, and traumatic head injury respectively.Conclusion: High burden of abnormal EEG findings among epileptic patients referred to our unit. The proportion of abnormal EEG patterns was  higher in patients taking older generation AEDs and in those on 2 or more AEDs. Stroke, brain tumor, HIV infection and traumatic head injury were  the commonest identified epilepsy risk factors.
Editorial message
Authors: Abraham Haileamlak
Published: July 2024

Message from the Editor-in-chief.