bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐performance thermosets with tailored properties derived frommulti‐armstared vanillin and carbon fiber composites
Authors: Guo Zongwei , Xu Zice , Dong Zhiqiang , Zhang Mengjie , Chi Zhiyuan , Li Ming , Shang Lei , Ao Yuhui
Published: February 2021

Vanillin, a rigid compound can be separated from lignin, is a promising sustainable candidate for industrial and high performance polymers, while synthesis of hexa‐epoxies is challenging. Meanwhile, carbon fiber reinforced bio‐based polymers combining high performance are more difficult to be achieved because of the contradictions of liquidity and high rigidity in the polymer structure and performance. In this paper, a novel hexa‐epoxy functionalized bio‐based epoxy resin (HPVIGEP) with a multi‐arm star structure, which simultaneously reduced the viscosity and improved thermo‐mechanical properties. The rheological behavior analysis results of HPVIGEP indicated that the viscosity was 3406.9 mPa·s at 25°C, which dramatically decreased by 75.8% compared to DGEBA (14,096 mPa·s), leading to excellent processability and adaptability. At the same time, the study on mechanical properties revealed that the cured HPVIGEP manifested 30.6%, 33.7% and 49.0% in higher tensile strength, tensile modulus and storage modulus (30°C) than of cured commercial epoxy, respectively. The tensile strength and flexural strength of carbon fiber composites which were applied HPVIGEP were increased by 9.3% and 10.9%, respectively. In a word, this work provides the promise for the application of environmentally friendly bio‐based composite materials.
Simple approach to fabricate MXene/cellulose paper for electromagnetic interference shielding applications
Authors: Zhan Yanhu , Meng Yanyan , Xie Qian
Published: February 2021

A simple approach was developed to fabricate high‐performance MXene/cellulose (MC)‐based electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding papers. The oriented MXene sheets located on one side of cellulose filter paper construct a continuous conductive layer, endowing the MC paper with high electrical conductivity (240.1 S/m) and excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (29.3 dB for 0.192‐mm thickness) at an MXene content of 0.72 vol%. Moreover, the EMI shielding effectiveness of four stacked MC papers reached 40.5 dB. This result means that 99.9911% of the microwave radiation is attenuated, and 0.0089% is transmitted, through the four‐piece MXene/cellulose filter papers. Therefore, MC paper has promising properties for excellent EMI shielding materials in current electronic devices.
Thermal dehydrochlorination of pure PVC polymer: Part I—thermal degradation kinetics by thermogravimetric analysis
Authors: Cruz Patrick Pimenta R. , da Silva Leonardo Cerqueira , Fiuza‐Jr Raildo A. , Polli Humberto
Published: February 2021

Thermal degradation of PVC occurs in two stages, with each stage subdivided into two substages. The first refers to the dehydrochlorination, where hydrochloric acid is formed, and giving polyene structures. Hitherto, the degradation mechanism and action of hydrochloric acid as a catalyst during the dehydrochlorination stage are poorly known. Recently, the importance of the tacticity has gained attention for its influence on the dehydrochlorination mechanism. The present work focused on the dehydrochlorination stage, studying the molecular structure by FTIR analysis and the kinetic parameters by TGA analysis in Nitrogen atmosphere, based on three mathematical methods: Friedman, Kissinger, and Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa. The sample was a pure homopolymer obtained by suspension polymerization. The dehydrochlorination kinetics follows a first order reaction model and occurs by nucleation and growth. The dehydrochlorination begins with the loss of very labile chlorine atoms present in defective and isotactic molecular segments. The formed HCl acts as a catalyst in the degradation. Following 40% conversion, a drop in Ea is observed. After that, chlorine atoms present in syndiotactic and atactic sequences, are released and, added to the large number of polyene chain sequences, and an increase in Ea is observed up to 60% conversion, where the dehydrochlorination stage is concluded.
Injectable, dispersible polysulfone‐polysulfone core‐shell particles for optical oxygen sensing
Authors: Presley Kayla F. , Fan Fan , DiRando Nicole M. , Shahhosseini Melika , Rao Jim Z. , Tedeschi Andrea , Castro Carlos E. , Lannutti John J.
Published: February 2021

Injectable sensors can significantly improve the volume of critical biomedical information emerging from the human body in response to injury or disease. Optical oxygen sensors with rapid response times can be achieved by incorporating oxygen‐sensitive luminescent molecules within polymeric matrices with suitably high surface area to volume ratios. In this work, electrospraying utilizes these advances to produce conveniently injectable, oxygen sensing particles made up of a core‐shell polysulfone‐polysulfone structure containing a phosphorescent oxygen‐sensitive palladium porphyrin species within the core. Particle morphology is highly dependent on solvent identity and electrospraying parameters; DMF offers the best potential for the creation of uniform, sub‐micron particles. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy confirms the existence of both core‐shell structure and oxygen sensitivity. The dissolved oxygen response time is rapid (<0.30 s), ideal for continuous real‐time monitoring of oxygen concentration. The incorporation of Pluronic F‐127 surfactant enables efficient dispersion; selection of an appropriate electrospraying solvent (DMF) yields particles readily injected even through a < 100 μm diameter needle.
Comparing the stability of successional transient models in kelp forests and barrens (south‐east Pacific): Implications for conservation monitoring
Authors: Ortiz Marco , Uribe Roberto A.
Published: February 2021

Ecological stability based on statistical variability was contrasted with the asymptotical local stability of transient states during successional changes in community structure in kelp forests and barren grounds.

Simplified semi‐quantitative ecological models with different levels of complexity were constructed to represent transient successional states in kelp and barrens, and Routh–Hurwitz's criteria and Levins' criterion of local stability were also estimated.

The results suggest that ecological stability based on statistical variation does not match local (mathematical) stability, since although successional changes in kelp exhibited less variability (measured as percentage coefficient of variation), barren beds were more locally stable. The local stability criteria used in the current work could be a suitable technique for evaluating the likelihood of transient ecological states to resist or change, since it considers states at equilibrium to maintain their properties only against small disturbances.

These outcomes are relevant because the natural alternation between kelp and barrens could be disrupted by the intensive harvest of kelp species carried out over the last 10 years on the central‐north Chilean coast and in other temperate ecosystems.

Additionally, the negative effects of harvesting kelp species could have a synergetic relationship with other drivers such as climate change and coastal pollution. Thus, strict policy managements to limit the kelp harvest are deeply encouraged. A monitoring programme for assessing the current conditions of benthic–pelagic ecosystems along the Chilean coast is also required.
Protein and phytohormone profiles of Mahanarva spectabilis salivary glands infesting different forages
Authors: Monteiro Luana P. , Silva Júnior Neilier R. , Vital Camilo E. , Barros Rafael A. , Barros Edvaldo , Auad Alexander M. , Pereira Jorge F. , Ramos Humberto J. de O. , Oliveira Maria G. de A.
Published: February 2021

Given the importance of pastures for feeding cattle, the study of factors that affect their productivity is essential to get plant material of higher nutritional quality. Thus, the study of insect–plant interaction is important for the development of control strategies. Pasture spittlebugs affect forage grasses causing severe damage. We tested hormone and protein profiles differentially expressed in the salivary glands of Mahanarva spectabilis when fed with different pasture genotypes. The LC/MS approaches combined with bioinformatics tools were used to identify the mains biological processes in the salivary glands. The grouping revealed a greater number of proteins involved in biological processes of metabolic synthesis, biotic/abiotic stress, and ion transport across the membrane. The proteomic profiles were altered when insects were fed with different grasses. We also detected phytohormones in the salivary glands involved in the modulation of defense responses in host plants. These results allowed the analysis of important biological processes such as cell homeostasis, stress proteins, nucleic acid metabolism, regulation of muscle contraction, and transport and export of biomolecules. This represents an important advance in the understanding of the plant–pest interaction and can contribute to the choice of target elicitors, which allow effective strategies in the control of pasture spittlebugs.
Development, synthesis, and biological evaluation of sulfonyl‐α‐l‐amino acids as potential anti‐Helicobacter pylori and IMPDH inhibitors
Authors: Galal Alaaeldin M. F. , Mohamed Hanaa S. , Abdel‐Aziz Marwa M. , Hanna Atef G.
Published: February 2021

Inosine 5ʹ‐monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes a crucial step in the biosynthesis of DNA and RNA, and it has been exploited as a promising target for antimicrobial therapy. The present study discusses the development and synthesis of a series of sulfonyl‐α‐l‐amino acids coupled with the anisamide scaffold and evaluates their activities as anti‐Helicobacter pylori and IMPDH inhibitors. Twenty derivatives were synthesized and their structures were established by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. Four compounds (6, 10, 11, and 21) were found to be the most potent and selective molecules in the series with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values <17 µM, which were selected to test their inhibitory activities against HpIMPDH and human (h)IMPDH2 enzymes. In all tests, amoxicillin and clarithromycin were used as reference drugs. Compounds 6 and 10 were found to have a promising activity against the HpIMPDH enzyme, with IC50 = 2.42 and 2.56 µM, respectively. Moreover, the four compounds were found to be less active and safer against hIMPDH2 than the reference drugs, with IC50 > 17.17 µM, which makes sure that their selectivity is toward HpIMPDH and reverse to that of amoxicillin and clarithromycin. Also, the synergistic antibacterial activity of compounds 6, 10, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin was investigated in vitro. The combination of amoxicillin/compound 6 (2:1 by weight) exhibited a significant antibacterial activity against H. pylori, with MIC = 0.12 µg/ml. The molecular docking study and ADMET analysis of the most active compounds were used to elucidate the mode‐of‐action mechanism.
Anion Templated Supramolecular Structures Assembled using 1,2,3‐Triazole and Triazolium motifs
Authors: Foyle Émer M. , White Nicholas G.
Published: February 2021

The use of 1,2,3‐triazole and triazolium motifs to construct anion templated supramolecular structures has grown rapidly over the past decade and has enabled a range of complex structures to be synthesised. In this Minireview we highlight the significant advances that have been made in areas such as foldamers, polymers and interlocked systems.
What Can Performance in the IEDS Task Tell Us About Attention Shifting in Clinical Groups?
Authors: Yearsley James M. , Gaigg Sebastian B. , Bowler Dermot M. , Ring Melanie , Haenschel Corinna
Published: February 2021

The Intra‐Extra‐dimensional set shift task (IEDS) is a widely used test of learning and attention, believed to be sensitive to aspects of executive function. The task proceeds through a number of stages, and it is generally claimed that patterns of errors across stages can be used to discriminate between reduced attention switching and more general reductions in rates of learning. A number of papers have used the IEDS task to argue for specific attention shifting difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Schizophrenia, however, it remains unclear how well the IEDS really differentiates between reduced attention shifting and other causes of impaired performance. To address this issue, we introduce a simple computational model of performance in the IEDS task, designed to separate the competing effects of attention shifting and general learning rate. We fit the model to data from ASD and comparison individuals matched on age and IQ, as well as to data from four previous studies which used the IEDS task. Model fits do not show consistent evidence for reductions in attention shifting rates in ASD and Schizophrenia. Instead, we find performance is better explained by differences in learning rate, particularly from punishment, which we show correlates with IQ. We, therefore, argue that the IEDS task is not a good measure of attention shifting in clinical groups.

Lay Summary

The Intra‐Extra‐Dimensional Set shift task (IEDS) is often given to autistic individuals, who tend to make more errors relative to comparison groups. This higher error rate is taken to mean that autistic individuals struggle with attention control. Our computational model of the IEDS shows that the performance of ASD and some other clinical groups can be explained instead by differences in learning rate, rather than differences in attention control.
Understanding the Nature of Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase on Lithium Metal in Liquid Electrolytes: A Review on Growth, Properties, and Application‐Related Challenges
Authors: Nojabaee Maryam , Kopljar Dennis , Wagner Norbert , Friedrich Kaspar Andreas
Published: February 2021

A stable solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) is of crucial essence for realization of lithium (Li) metal batteries. This article provides an overview of attempts undertaken to understand the nature of the natural SEI, including growth behavior at the open circuit potential and under cycling conditions as well as underlying causes of instabilities. Additionally, the influence of features such as morphology and composition of the SEI and electrolyte properties on the charge transport and transfer mechanism, resulting in distinct growth behavior and overall stability, is elaborated. Finally, it will be discussed how already at the fundamental stage of research, it is crucial to take into account the implications that progressing from coin‐cell level to more realistic cell and cycling conditions has on SEI properties and stability.
Host‐Guest Interactions Enhance the Performance of Viologen Electrolytes for Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Korshunov Aleksandr , Gibalova Anna , Grünebaum Mariano , Ravoo Bart Jan , Winter Martin , Cekic‐Laskovic Isidora
Published: February 2021

Host‐guest interactions are an attractive approach to design redox electrolytes, enabling to precisely tune the key properties for redox flow batteries such as half‐cell redox potential, solubility, and stability. Herein we report a host‐guest complex of highly water soluble (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin with 1‐decyl‐1′‐ethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium dibromide as anolyte in a new aqueous organic redox flow battery (AORFB). The supramolecular anolyte ensured the total RFB voltage increase of ≈9 % up to 0.97 V and provided a stable capacity delivery for more than 500 cycles with a capacity fade rate of 0.037 %/cycle (2.84 %/day) at high Coulombic (>99.5 %) and energy (>62 %) efficiencies. The results highlight host‐guest interactions as promising strategy towards more effective storage of renewable energy within AORFBs.
Acardiac twin pregnancies part VI: Why does acardiac twinning occur only in the first trimester?
Authors: van Gemert Martin J. C. , Ross Michael G. , van den Wijngaard Jeroen P. H. M. , Nikkels Peter G. J.
Published: February 2021

Background

Clinical observation suggests that acardiac twinning occurs only in the first trimester. In part, this contradicts our previous analysis (part IV) of Benirschke's concept that unequal embryonic splitting causes unequal embryo/fetal blood volumes and pressures. Our aim is to explain why acardiac onset is restricted to the first trimester.

Methods

We applied the vascular resistance scheme of two fetuses connected by arterio‐arterial (AA) and veno‐venous (VV) anastomoses, the small VV resistance approximated as zero. The smaller twin has volume fraction α < 1 of the assumed normal larger twin, and has only access to fraction X < 1 of its placenta; the larger twin's larger mean arterial pressure accesses the remaining fraction. Before 13 weeks, embryos have a much smaller vascular resistance than placentas. After 13 weeks, when maternal blood provides oxygen, smaller twins can increase their vascular volume by hypoxemia‐mediated neovascularization. Estimated AA radii at 40 weeks, rAA(40), are 0.5–1.3 mm.

Results

Embryos with α < 0.33 unlikely survive 13 weeks and acardiac twinning occurs under appropriate conditions (AA‐VV, small placenta). Acardiac body perfusion occurs because of a much smaller vascular resistance than the placenta. When α > 0.33 and rAA(40)=1.3 mm, modeled survival is >32 weeks.

Conclusion

Before 13 weeks, embryos with α < 0.33 cannot survive and may result in the onset of acardia. Beyond 13 weeks, fetuses with α ≥ 0.33 survive because rAA(40) is too small for acardiac onset. Following fetal demise, exsanguination from the live twin increases its blood volume and, we assumed also, its vascular resistance. Perfusion then occurs through the lower resistance placenta.
Readying students for careers in industry: A guided inquiry activity to prepare students for success in biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry positions
Authors: Gross Stefan , Sohl Christal D.
Published: February 2021

While science students are well prepared for careers in biotechnology and pharmaceutical sciences in terms of technical expertise and critical thinking, they rarely have an opportunity to practice the due diligence required for success in industry in their coursework. This includes framing their expertise as solutions to challenges a company may be experiencing, an important skill for the interview process. As most academics have not applied for positions in industry, they may feel ill equipped to help students practice the important skills of framing their expertise within company goals and to discuss the business and financial concepts relevant to careers in scientific industry. Here, we describe an educational activity first developed by a leader in the biotech/pharmaceutical industry that was modified and given educational context by an academic in a class of upper‐level undergraduate and graduate students. In this guided inquiry activity, students were instructed to select a start‐up company in their field—ideally one to which they intended to apply for a job. Students were empowered by scaffolded hands‐on exercises to research the company's scientific focus and finances, and to frame how their expertise could help companies achieve stated goals. Students compiled and delivered their research as an in‐class presentation.
Chief executive officers' sustainability orientation and firm environmental performance: Networking and resource contingencies
Authors: Adomako Samuel , Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph , Danso Albert , Dankwah George Obeng
Published: February 2021

Although the existing literature supports the relationship between chief executive officers' (CEOs') sustainability orientation (SO) and entrepreneurial behaviour, empirical studies exploring how SO drives firm environmental performance (FEP) are lacking. In addition, the potential moderating effects of firm‐level factors on this relationship are less understood. We contribute to filling this gap by examining the moderating effects of political connections and financial slack on the relationship between SO and FEP. Using data obtained from 297 small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana, our results reveal that SO is positively related to FEP. In addition, our results show that the effect of SO on FEP is negative when firms have stronger financial slack and when firms are highly politically connected.
Jail‐based competency treatment comes of age: Multi‐site outcomes and challenges to the implementation of an evidence‐based forensic continuum
Authors: Jennings Jerry L. , Rice Kevin , Baglio Christopher
Published: February 2021

The jail‐based competency treatment (JBCT) model has become an established forensic practice across the country. From the perspective of implementation science and the three core elements of the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Service (PARiHS) framework, the JBCT model is a remarkable example of how context (an unrelenting and overwhelmingly strong demand for forensic beds) has driven multiple state governments to facilitate implementation of a methodology in the absence of empirical evidence supporting its efficacy. This 7‐year study of outcomes from four JBCT program sites provides this much‐needed evidence by showing that JBCT restored 56% of 1553 male and 336 female patients over an average of 48.7 days. At the same time, the study highlights how variations in JBCT models, methods, and preadmission stabilization time present challenges to planned and effective implementation of evidence‐based practice at the statewide system level. By identifying differential responsiveness to JBCT treatment by diagnosis and other factors, the study suggests preliminary implementation ideas for what types of patients are well served by the JBCT model as part of a continuum of restoration options that includes inpatient, outpatient and diversion. Significant findings showed that JBCT patients were restored at a higher rate and in a shorter time if they were female, < 20 years old (highest restoration rate; those < 60 years old also significantly better rates), free of co‐occurring intellectual and cognitive deficits, and malingering. Of the major diagnoses, schizoaffective disorder required a significantly longer length of JBCT treatment for restoration, and lower restoration rates than schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, although this was moderated by a significant interaction with abuse of amphetamines.
Three‐dimensional topography of facial soft tissues for the safer and effective threading procedures
Authors: Lee Kang‐Woo , Yoon Jeung Hyun , Kim Ji‐Soo , Hu Kyung‐Seok , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: February 2021

Introduction

To reduce complications caused by the procedure, the target layer for thread lifting should be the superficial fat or superficial musculoaponeurotic system of the face. The aim of this study was to establish the thicknesses of the facial skin and superficial fat using a 3D scanning system to provide basic clinical data for thread lifting.

Material and methods

Thirty fixed Korean and Thai cadavers (male: 17, female: 13) were used. The depths of the skin and superficial fat were measured using a three dimensional (3D) structured‐light scanner. Facial images of both undissected and removed skin and superficial fat were taken with the 3D scanner. The paths from the temple and the front of the tragus to the infraorbital, perioral, cheek, and mental areas were displayed on the 3D image. The thickness along the path was measured by calculating the difference between the undissected and dissected 3D images.

Results

The means and standard deviations of thicknesses of the skin and superficial fat were 2.1 ± 0.4 mm and 5.2 ± 1.9 mm in the 11 pathways. The facial skin became thicker going toward the lower aspect of the face from temple to infraorbtial and perioral regions. The thickness of the superficial fat around the marionette line showed the biggest change.

Conclusions

The present findings indicate that a 3D scanning system can yield crucial anatomical information about the thickness of the facial skin and superficial fat for use in various minimally invasive clinical procedures including thread lifting.
Insulin gene enhancer protein 1 mediates glycolysis and tumorigenesis of gastric cancer through regulating glucose transporter 4
Authors: Guo Ting , Bai Yan‐Hua , Cheng Xiao‐Jing , Han Hai‐Bo , Du Hong , Hu Ying , Jia Shu‐Qin , Xing Xiao‐Fang , Ji Jia‐Fu
Published: February 2021

Background

Insulin gene enhancer protein 1, (ISL1), a LIM‐homeodomain transcription factor, is involved in multiple tumors and is associated with insulin secretion and metabolic phenotypes. However, the role of ISL1 in stimulating glycolysis to promote tumorigenesis in gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize the expression pattern of ISL1 in GC patients and explore its molecular biological mechanism in glycolysis and tumorigenesis.

Methods

We analyzed the expression and clinical significance of ISL1 in GC using immunohistochemistry and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Flow cytometry and IncuCyte assays were used to measure cell proliferation after ISL1 knockdown. RNA‐sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes, followed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to reveal key signaling pathways likely regulated by ISL1 in GC. Alteration of the glycolytic ability of GC cells with ISL1 knockdown was validated by measuring the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and by detecting glucose consumption and lactate production. The expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and ISL1 was assessed by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent microscopy. The luciferase reporter activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to determine the transcriptional regulation of ISL1 on GLUT4.

Results

High levels of ISL1 and GLUT4 expression was associated with short survival of GC patients. ISL1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. KEGG analysis and GSEA for RNA‐sequencing data indicated impairment of the glycolysis pathway in GC cells with ISL1 knockdown, which was validated by reduced glucose uptake and lactate production, decreased ECAR, and increased OCR. Mechanistic investigation indicated that ISL1 transcriptionally regulated GLUT4 through binding to its promoter.

Conclusion

ISL1 facilitates glycolysis and tumorigenesis in GC via the transcriptional regulation of GLUT4.
Development and testing of a tailored online fertility preservation decision aid for female cancer patients
Authors: van den Berg Michelle , van der Meij Elleke , Bos Annelies M. E. , Boshuizen Marieke C. S. , Determann Domino , van Eekeren Ramon R. J. P. , Lok Christianne A. R. , Schaake Eva E. , Witteveen Petronella O. , Wondergem Marielle J. , Braat Didi D. M. , Beerendonk Catharina C. M. , Hermens Rosella P. M. G.
Published: February 2021

Background

Decision making regarding future fertility can be very difficult for female cancer patients. To support patients in decision making, fertility preservation decision aids (DAs) are being developed. However, to make a well‐informed decision, patients need personalized information tailored to their cancer type and treatment. Tailored cancer‐specific DAs are not available yet.

Methods

Our DA was systematically developed by a multidisciplinary steering group (n = 21) in an iterative process of draft development, three rounds of alpha testing, and revisions. The drafts were based on current guidelines, literature, and patients' and professionals' needs.

Results

In total, 24 cancer‐specific DAs were developed. In alpha testing, cancer survivors and professionals considered the DA very helpful in decision making, and scored an 8.5 (scale 1–10). In particular, the cancer‐specific information and the tool for recognizing personal values were of great value. Revisions were made to increase readability, personalization, usability, and be more careful in giving any false hope.

Conclusions

A fertility preservation DA containing cancer‐specific information is important in the daily care of female cancer patients and should be broadly available. Our final Dutch version is highly appraised, valid, and usable in decision making. After evaluating its effectiveness with newly diagnosed patients, the DA can be translated and adjusted according to (inter)national guidelines.
Role of surgery in treating epstein‐barr virus‐associated smooth muscle tumor (EBV‐SMT) with central nervous system invasion: A systemic review from 1997 to 2019
Authors: Lau Ka‐Wei , Hsu Yu‐Wei , Lin Yin‐Ting , Chen Ko‐Ting
Published: February 2021

Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated smooth muscle tumor (EBV‐SMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor occurred almost exclusively in immunocompromised hosts. This article provides a systematic review of literature under PRISMA guideline on clinical features, treatment modalities, roles of surgical intervention, and outcomes of all 65 reported EBV‐SMTs with central nervous system (CNS) invasion. Over 95% of reported cases were immunocompromised, while human immunodeficiency virus infection and post‐organ transplantation were the most commonly associated underlying causes (near 90%). Despite a heterogeneous follow‐up period, a 1‐year survival rate of 76.0% and 5‐year survival rate of 59.6% may support the indolent and non‐deadly nature of EBV‐SMT even with CNS invasion. Immune survey and reconstruction should be conducted for every patient with CNS EBV‐SMT. Surgical resection is mostly adopted as primary treatment to obtain diagnosis and relieve compressive effect. A total resection of tumor may be beneficial if tumor was symptomatic and had intracranial invasion.
Linguistic changes during EMDR sessions: A preliminary single‐case study
Authors: Cardazzone Elisa , Gallucci Marcello , Callerame Chiara , Cussino Martina , Gelo Omar , Pasca Paola , Zaccagnino Maria
Published: February 2021

Several studies have used text analysis software such as Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) to study how language modification reflects improvements in individuals’ psychophysical health. The aim of this preliminary single‐case study was to evaluate the linguistic changes occurring during EMDR sessions in a patient suffering from anorexia nervosa. Each weekly session (N = 73) of an entire one‐and‐a‐half‐year treatment was divided into three different stages (pre‐stimulation, stimulation and post‐stimulation phase): the patient's speech was analysed at each phase. Results showed significant changes in the examined linguistic categories: affective processes, cognitive processes, biological processes and non‐fluency words. These changes were observed before, during and after the bilateral stimulations. These results are discussed in the light of previous studies concerning the linguistic changes occurring in traumatic event disclosure. They suggest access and reprocessing of painful events during each session, especially when the clinician uses bilateral stimulation. It is possible to suppose the patient's progressive processing of the traumatic experience, followed by its integration into more adaptive mnemonic networks at the end of the therapeutic session. In conclusion, the observed linguistic changes could be representative of an adaptive resolution of adverse life experiences, allowing the patient to create new connections between thoughts, images and bodily sensations linked to the target memories. The clinical implications and limits of this single‐case study are also discussed.
National trends of utilization and readmission rates with intravascular ultrasound use for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Ya'qoub Lina , Gad Mohamed , Saad Anas M. , Elgendy Islam Y. , Mahmoud Ahmed N.
Published: February 2021

Background

Randomized trials have confirmed that intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) improves long‐term clinical outcomes. However, data on real‐world utilization of IVUS in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and the impact on short to mid‐term outcomes are scarce. We sought to evaluate the utilization and the readmission rates for IVUS‐guided PCI in the setting of STEMI.

Methods

Hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of STEMI undergoing PCI were included from the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) during 2012–2017.

Results

Among 809,601 hospitalizations with STEMI undergoing PCI, 33,644 (4.2%) underwent IVUS‐guided PCI. IVUS use increased from 4.2% in 2012 to 5.6% in 2017 (p < .0001). After matching, in‐hospital mortality was significantly lower with IVUS use (3.9% vs. 4.6%, p < .0001). The overall readmission rates were similar in both groups. We found that readmission rates due to acute MI at 6 months (5.7% vs. 6%, p = .045) and 11 months (5.1% vs. 6.5%, p = .005) as well as the PCI and mortality rates during readmission at 11 months (2.1% vs. 3%, p = .008, and 0.7% vs. 1.4%, p = .002, respectively) were significantly lower in the IVUS group.

Conclusions

The utilization of IVUS in STEMI appears to be slowly increasing. Although overall readmission rates were similar, IVUS was associated with lower in‐hospital mortality, lower rates of readmission due to acute MI at 6 and 11 months, as well as lower PCI and mortality at 11 months. Randomized trials evaluating long‐term benefits of IVUS in STEMI are needed.
Safe and rapid radial hemostasis achieved using a novel topical hemostatic patch: Results of a first‐in‐human pilot study using hydrophobically modified polysaccharide‐chitosan
Authors: Anchan Rajeev , Venturini Joseph , Larsen Paul , Lee Linda , Fernandez Christopher , Besser Stephanie A. , Kalathiya Rohan , Paul Jonathan , Blair John , Nathan Sandeep
Published: February 2021

Background

The transradial approach (TRA) for catheter interventions decreases vascular complications and bleeding versus transfemoral approach. Reducing time to hemostasis and preventing radial artery occlusion (RAO) following TRA are important and incompletely realized aspirations.

Objectives

This first‐in‐human study sought to evaluate the efficacy of a novel, topically applied compound (hydrophobically modified polysaccharide‐chitosan, hm‐P) plus minimal required pneumatic compression, to achieve rapid radial arterial hemostasis in post‐TRA procedures compared with de facto standards.

Materials and Methods

About 50 adult patients undergoing 6 French diagnostic TRA procedures were prospectively enrolled. At procedure completion, a topical hm‐P impregnated patch was placed over the dermotomy and TR Band (TRB) compression was applied to the access site. This patch was used as part of a novel rapid deflation protocol with a primary outcome of time to hemostasis. Photographic and vascular ultrasound evaluation of the radial artery was performed to evaluate the procedural site.

Results

Time to hemostasis was 40.5 min (IQR: 38–50 min) with the majority of patients (n = 39, 78%) not requiring reinflation. Patients with bleeding requiring TRB reinflation were more likely to have low body weight and liver dysfunction, with absence of hypertension and LV dysfunction. The rate of RAO was 0% with predischarge radial artery patency documented in all patients using vascular ultrasound. One superficial hematoma was noted. No late bleeding events or cutaneous reactions were reported in the study follow‐up.

Conclusions

Topical application of hm‐P in conjunction with pneumatic compression was safe and resulted in rapid and predictable hemostasis at the arterial puncture site.
Outcome of left main stem percutaneous coronary intervention in a UK nonsurgical center: A 5‐year clinical experience
Authors: Alaour Bashir , Onwordi Eunice , Khan Asif , Menexi Christina , Carta Sabrina , Strike Philip , Griffiths Huw , Anantharam Brijesh , Hobson Alexander , Dana Ali
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the outcome of unprotected left main stem (LMS) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a large UK nonsurgical center.

Background

PCI on unprotected LMS is increasingly regarded as a viable alternative to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with comparable outcome and safety profile in select groups. The safety and efficacy of unprotected LMS PCI without on‐site surgical back up has not been reported.

Methods

Data on all unprotected LMS PCI performed between January 2011 and December 2015, was collected from the local PCI database and electronic patient records. In hospital and 1‐year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, and target vessel revascularization [TVR]) was recorded.

Results

249 patients had unprotected LMS intervention during the study period. 77% of patients (n = 192) were male and mean age was 70 ± 12 years. 31% (n = 78) of cases were elective, 44% (n = 109) NSTEMI, and 25% (n = 62) STEMI. Anatomical distribution: 19% (n = 47) ostial left main, 31% (n = 77) shaft, and 50% (n = 125) bifurcation. The mean SYNTAX score was 24.4 ± 10.6. 22% (n = 55) of patients had severe LV impairment preprocedure and 13% (n = 33) were in cardiogenic shock at presentation. 35% (14%) required IABP support. The vast majority (98.4%) of procedures were successful. No patients required emergency transfer for CABG surgery. There were 25 (10%) in‐hospital deaths. 68% of in‐hospital deaths occurred in patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI. 72% of patients who died were in cardiogenic shock at presentation. The 12‐month MACE rate was 17.2%. Death occurred in 11.6%, MI in 2.4%, TVR in 2.4%, and stroke in 0.8% of patients.

Conclusion

These results highlight the safety and efficacy of unprotected LMS PCI in a high volume non‐surgical center.
Successful impella‐assisted suction thrombectomy of right heart thrombus via the AngioVac device: Advantages, limitations, and alternatives
Authors: Shadman Shahrad , Heyliger Stephen , Watts Carolyn , Aghili Nima
Published: February 2021

An elderly man with cardiogenic shock who was found to have a thrombus burden in the right atrium was described. The thrombus was suctioned via the AngioVac device, with assistance from the Impella CP. This is the first reported case of the use of the AngioVac device in conjunction with left‐sided mechanical circulatory devices.
Deferring stent optimization in stent thrombosis: A novel approach for STEMI management—Insights from a case series
Authors: Cioffi Giacomo Maria , Madanchi Mehdi , Bossard Matthias , Cuculi Florim
Published: February 2021

Treatment of ST represents a challenge. The presence of large amounts of thrombus combined with stent optimization increase the risk of distal embolization. A two‐step strategy of stent implantation and deferred stent optimization might be appropriated. We hereby present three clinical cases of ST successfully treated with a two‐step approach.
Diagnosis, management, and recovery from COVID‐19: A case report from bangladesh
Authors: Akther Lutfa , Shahnewaz Shaila Sharmin , Ferdous Dilruba , Pramanik Md. Moyen Uddin
Published: February 2021

There is no known medicine for COVID‐19, and thus, the clinical management is symptomatic. More than 80% people experience mild symptoms who can be treated at home for fever, sore throat, and cough. About 15% patients develop severe illness require O2.
Tailoring NIV by dynamic laryngoscopy in a child with spinal muscular atrophy type I
Authors: Vollsæter Maria , Skjoldmo Anett , Røksund Ola , Hilland Magnus , Andersen Tiina
Published: February 2021

Dynamic laryngoscopy during noninvasive (NIV) respiratory therapy is feasible and may facilitate optimal and individualized treatment in patients with chronic respiratory failure, also in children.
CPX‐351 (Vyxeos®) can cause severe rash in acute myeloid leukemia—A case report
Authors: Urbantat Ruth M. , Popper Valentin , Menschel Elisabeth , Pfeilstöcker Michael , Forjan Ernst , Nader Alexander , Sieghart Catherine R. , Keil Felix , Koller Elisabeth
Published: February 2021

CPX‐351, a promising new agent for patients with treatment‐related and secondary acute myeloid leukemia can lead to a severe whole‐body rash. Although severe side effects are rare, treatment should be carefully monitored at specialized centers.
Nephronophthisis and central veins abnormalities: A case report
Authors: Rahil Mohamed Amine , Hadjmhamed Messaoud
Published: February 2021

Patients with genetic disorders are potentially more susceptible to present vascular abnormalities compared to the general population. For these patients, unusual difficulties could appear during a CVC placement procedure that could lead to major complications if venous abnormalities are undiagnosed. Ultrasound and fluoroscopy guidance should be used routinely for all patients in order to avoid complications and catheter misplacement.
Schwannoma of the brachial plexus with cystic degeneration: A case report schwannoma of the brachial plexus
Authors: Aleksanyan Lusine V. , Afyan Tigran S. , Khachatryan Parandzem S. , Poghosyan Anna Yu
Published: February 2021

Schwannoma of the brachial plexus can be present as a painless swelling without an upper limb functional or sensitivity deficiency. Thorough examinations, including MRI, are necessary to identify the nerves of origin and prevent potential harm.
Cerebellar amelanotic melanoma can mimic cerebellar abscess in a pediatric case of neurocutaneous melanosis
Authors: Mormina Enricomaria , Vinci Sergio Lucio , Coglitore Alessandra , Visalli Carmela , Tessitore Agostino , Cavallaro Marco , Galletta Karol , Granata Francesca
Published: February 2021

Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare phakomatosis that may be associated with intracerebral masses. The differential diagnosis of intracerebral masses in NCM is often challenging and should include pigmented and nonpigmented lesions.
The effect of monoethylene glycol on the stability of water‐in‐oil emulsions
Authors: Queiroz Danielle G. , da Silva Carla M. F. , Minale Mario , Merino Daniel , Lucas Elizabete F.
Published: February 2021

It is important from both a strategic and economic standpoint to study the mechanism of formation of water/oil emulsions, to predict their increase of viscosity with respect to that of the crude oil, and to obtain information about the stability vs separation of these substances (since their presence can impair oil processing and distribution). The objective of this work was to ascertain the influence of monoethylene glycol (MEG) on these parameters and its action mechanism. The addition of MEG in different proportions in the oil emulsions significantly changed the flow curve of the emulsion, passing from a quasi‐Newtonian one to a shear thinning behaviour. Besides this, when MEG was present at low concentrations, the demulsification process was slow and an increase in concentration made the emulsions more stable than samples containing the same aqueous phase proportion. Under the conditions studied, the addition of MEG did not reduce the quantity of the aqueous phase separated compared to the emulsions free of MEG, but significantly delayed the demulsification process. Rheology provided important information regarding the phase separation process of the aqueous phase in oil phase emulsions, and dynamic testing suggested that the most relevant effect of the addition of MEG is an increase of the emulsion elasticity that can be correlated with the increase in the emulsion stability observed by bottle test and Turbiscan.
Could open science stimulate industry partnerships in chemical engineering university research?
Authors: Hart Kirsten , An Sung , Edwards Aled M. , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan , Master Emma R. , Edwards Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2021

Open science means sharing all information in the research process as early as possible and making the output available without restriction on use. In the most expansive definition of open science, this includes sharing early‐stage inventions that could be the subject of patent applications. We illustrate how this expansive open science definition has attracted pharmaceutical companies to partner with universities to tackle big problems in biomedicine. We propose that by applying this framework to engineering, it will also encourage industry to work collaboratively with researchers in academia to tackle some of our big problems: climate change, energy sustainability, food security, and water quality and quantity. However, there are misgivings or misconceptions about adopting open science in engineering. This article explores some of the barriers to open science in academia in general, and specifically as applied to university‐based research in chemical engineering.
A Bayesian latent spatial model for mapping the cortical signature of progression to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Dai Ning , Kang Hakmook , Jones Galin L. , Fiecas Mark B. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2021

Prior studies have shown that atrophy in vulnerable cortical regions is associated with an increased risk of progression to clinical dementia. In this work, we utilize the longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) to investigate the relationship between the temporally changing spatial topography of cortical thickness and conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease (AD). We develop a novel Bayesian latent spatial model that employs the spatial information underlying the thickness effects across the cortical surface. The proposed method facilitates the development of imaging markers by reliably quantifying and mapping the regional vulnerability to AD progression across the cortical surface. Simulation results showed substantial gains in statistical power and estimation performance by accounting for the spatial structure of the association. Using MRI data from ADNI, we examined the topographic patterns of anatomic regions where cortical thinning is associated with an increased risk of developing AD.
Scalable spatio‐temporal Bayesian analysis of high‐dimensional electroencephalography data
Authors: Mohammed Shariq , Dey Dipak K.
Published: February 2021

We present a scalable Bayesian modelling approach for identifying brain regions that respond to a certain stimulus and use them to classify subjects. More specifically, we deal with multi‐subject electroencephalography (EEG) data with a binary response distinguishing between alcoholic and control groups. The covariates are matrix‐variate with measurements taken from each subject at different locations across multiple time points. EEG data have a complex structure with both spatial and temporal attributes. We use a divide‐and‐conquer strategy and build separate local models, that is, one model at each time point. We employ Bayesian variable selection approaches using a structured continuous spike‐and‐slab prior to identify the locations that respond to a certain stimulus. We incorporate the spatio‐temporal structure through a Kronecker product of the spatial and temporal correlation matrices. We develop a highly scalable estimation algorithm, using likelihood approximation, to deal with large number of parameters in the model. Variable selection is done via clustering of the locations based on their duration of activation. We use scoring rules to evaluate the prediction performance. Simulation studies demonstrate the efficiency of our scalable algorithm in terms of estimation and fast computation. We present results using our scalable approach on a case study of multi‐subject EEG data.