bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Customer Journey Time Metrics for New York City Bus Service using Big Data
Authors: Graves Edward , Zheng Sunny , Tarte Lauren , Levine Brian , Reddy Alla
Published: January 2019

As data collection for public transportation improves and customers’ appetite for information grows, there has been a growing interest in performance measurement systems that better reflect customer experience and quantify the impacts of service while accounting for ridership. A fair amount of research has been dedicated to developing and refining these kinds of metrics, with a particular focus on comparing customers’ expected and actual waiting time on train platforms or at bus stops. Despite this, only a limited number of transit agencies have implemented such measures. This paper presents a set of metrics developed by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) that calculates the additional time customers spend waiting for and riding buses in excess of the schedule, termed additional bus stop time (ABST) and additional travel time (ATT) respectively. Trip time performance, termed customer journey time performance (CJTP), is also computed. The methodology leverages MTA’s origin–destination (OD) ridership model and bus location data to calculate these values for each individual passenger. Measuring at the passenger level means that impacts of service delays or changes can be weighted by the number of passengers affected, unlike past bus-level measures. This enables the design of service management techniques that benefit the most riders possible. The form of the metrics, which puts service impacts in easy-to-understand terms that reflect actual customer experience, likewise provides the opportunity to better engage with customers. MTA is among the first to make these metrics regularly available to the public, and the first to publicly report them for buses.
Effect of Track Configuration and Loading Conditions on Vertical Wheel Load Measurements using the Differential Shear Approach
Authors: Rabbi Md. Fazle , Johnson D. Kody , Mishra Debakanta , Bruzek Radim
Published: January 2019

Measurement of vertical wheel loads on railroad tracks using strain gauges mounted on the rail web is common practice. This measurement approach makes use of the differential shear concept that the difference in shear force between two points along a beam equals the magnitude of the vertical load applied between those two locations. Although the applicability of this concept is easy to verify for simple beams, its validity for field applications under different track configurations including support and loading conditions is relatively unexplored. Findings are presented from an ongoing research effort that has utilized numerical models to assess the effects of different track and loading configurations on vertical wheel load measurements using the differential shear approach. The underlying theory behind this measurement approach is first introduced, and different scenarios are compared using a simple one-dimensional model. This is followed by detailed analysis of the effects of different vertical, lateral, and axial loading combinations on the measured shear strain values. Finally, a three-dimensional finite element model is used to study the dependence of the measured wheel loads and calibration approaches on track support conditions. Findings from the analyses clearly establish the applicability of this measurement approach across different scenarios observed in railroad tracks.
Capacity Estimation of On-Street, Mid-Block, Off-Line Bus Stops Considering Yield-to-Bus Rule
Authors: Hisham Faheema , Bunker Jonathan M. , Bhaskar Ashish
Published: January 2019

The effectiveness of an on-street bus facility depends on the volume of general traffic sharing the buses’ travel lane. The Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (TCQSM) methodology estimates capacity of a bus facility based on the operation of critical stops. The aim of this study is to understand better the performance of an on-street, mid-block, off-line bus stop by relating bus stop capacity to adjacent lane traffic volume. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, the TCQSM methodology incorporates the effect of adjacent lane traffic volume on bus stop capacity at mid-block bus stops through its effect on re-entry delay, but it does not consider the impact of the bus stop itself on adjacent lane traffic capacity. This paper introduces a novel methodology to estimate the additional time required to accommodate adjacent lane traffic volume under saturated conditions. Second, the TCQSM methodology does not reflect the effect on re-entry delay of a yield-to-bus (YTB) rule, which is mandatory by law in some jurisdictions. This paper modifies the current TCQSM methodology by allowing for the YTB rule. A microscopic simulation model is developed in order to cross-validate the theoretical model developed.
Critical Comparison of Progressive Design-Build and Construction Manager/General Contractor Project Delivery Methods
Authors: Gransberg Douglas D. , Molenaar Keith R.
Published: January 2019

Progressive design-build (PDB) is an emerging variation of alternative contracting methods (ACMs) in the highway construction industry. It is widely used in water/wastewater and airport projects, but it is new to federally-funded highway projects. A few state department of transportations (DOTs) have begun to experiment with the method, using their experience with qualification-based selection (QBS) and a subsequent negotiated construction price from construction manager/general contractor (CMGC) contracting. There has been little written that provides guidance to public highway agencies who are interested in implementing PDB. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to first describe the mechanics of PDB project delivery to provide consistent foundation information from which DOTs can inform their decision as to when to use it. The paper also provides a comparative analysis of PDB with CMGC and finds that they are nearly identical with regard to format, differing only in whether the owner retains the design responsibility in CMGC or assigns it to the design-builder in PDB. It also finds that PDB is more appropriate than traditional design-build (DB) for projects in which the owner needs to engage the design-builder in the preliminary engineering and environmental permitting process.
The making of a doctor: the matrix and self
Authors: Gerada Clare
Published: January 2019

Foulkes’ concept of the matrix, the hypothetical web of communication, has long since left the consulting room and entered the wider sphere of communities, countries, and institutions. This article will discuss how the matrix encompasses a whole profession, that of medical doctors. Together with a deep-rooted sense of identity, which I refer to as the medical self, the medical matrix contributes to doctors’ professional wellbeing but also begins to explain the enormous recent increase in mental illness in the medical profession seen across the world.

The article focuses on doctors. However, the ideas are relevant to any group (for example, teachers, the clergy, psychotherapists) which has a strong personal and professional identity, with all its attendant privileges and problems.
Experimental study of the characteristic parameters of the combustion of the wood of ancient buildings
Authors: Wang Hai-Yan , Tian Yao , Zhang Lei
Published: January 2019

The degree of ageing, the combustion kinetic performance and the change law of the combustion characteristics of ancient pine were experimentally investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, calorimetry experiments, component analysis experiments and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The results show that the hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and resin contents of the ancient pine decreased by 4.78%, 3.87%, 1.39% and 0.63%, respectively. The volatile content of the ancient pine decreased by 7.37%, while the ash content increased by 5.02%. The terpenes in the ancient pine were almost decomposed, and the calorific value of the ancient pine decreased by 21.54%. The ignition point of ancient pine was 19.83°C lower than that of the fresh pine. The activation energy and heat of the pre-charring stage of the combustion of the ancient pine were 1.37 times and 0.51 times those of the fresh pine, respectively. In contrast, the activation energy and heat of the charring stage of the combustion of the ancient pine were 0.66 times and 1.2 times those of the fresh pine, respectively. The ignition time and peak time of the ancient pine were shorter, and the heat release rate, smoke production rate, specific extinction area and CO production rate were higher than those of fresh pine.
Measuring the Elusive Construct of Personalismo Among Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban American Adults
Authors: Davis Rachel E. , Lee Sunghee , Johnson Timothy P. , Rothschild Steven K.
Published: January 2019

Personalismo may have a broad influence on the well-being of U.S. Latinos by shaping social networks and, in turn, access to information and resources. However, research on personalismo is currently constrained by the lack of a psychometrically sound measure of this cultural construct. This research used a mixed-methods approach to develop a personalismo scale across three studies: a cognitive interviewing study with Mexican American adults ( n = 33); a cognitive interviewing study with non-Latino White, Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban American adults ( n = 61); and a psychometric telephone survey with Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban American adults ( n = 1,296). The final, 12-item scale had high internal consistency reliability and appears to be appropriate for use with Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban American adults. Significant differences emerged across Latino subgroups, with higher personalismo observed among Cuban Americans and female respondents, providing empirical evidence of cultural heterogeneity among U.S. Latino populations.
Reintroducing Rationalization: A Study of Relational Goal Pursuit Theory of Intimate Partner Obsessive Relational Intrusion
Authors: Brownhalls Jessica , Duffy Amanda , Eriksson Li , Barlow Fiona Kate
Published: January 2019

Obsessive relational intrusions (ORI) are the repeated and unwanted attempts by one person to initiate or maintain an intimate relationship with a specific, targeted, and unwilling other. To date, ORI has been commonly explained by relational goal pursuit (RGP) theory. Centrally, RGP theory posits that five clusters of goal-related cognitions and emotions explain ORI. These are goal-linking, self-efficacy, rumination, affective flooding, and rationalization. However, while the first four factors have been empirically investigated as predictors of ORI, rationalization has not. Thus, the current study aimed to reintroduce rationalization to the evaluation of the RGP model among heterosexual former intimate partners. Participants ( N = 379; 45.6% female, Mage = 34.4) were recruited from North America and completed an online survey assessing the RGP factors and engagement in ORI. Overall, we found that, after the other factors from the RGP model were considered, the inclusion of rationalization increased the variance explained in ORI. Furthermore, the rationalization subfactor of distortion (as opposed to permissiveness) uniquely predicted ORI both at a broad level and across specific clusters of ORI behavior. These findings not only support the inclusion of rationalization within the RGP model but also provide initial evidence that this construct might be the most individually critical to the explanation of a wide array of ORI behaviors. In addition to having implications for the prediction and explanation of ORI, these findings can also be used to direct clinical treatment of ORI perpetrators toward addressing defenses of rationalization.
Screening for Post-Stroke Depression and Cognitive Impairment at Baseline Predicts Long-Term Patient-Centered Outcomes After Stroke
Authors: Kapoor Arunima , Lanctot Krista L. , Bayley Mark , Herrmann Nathan , Murray Brian J. , Swartz Richard H.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Independence and reintegration into community roles are important patient-centered outcomes after stroke. Depression and cognitive impairment are common post-stroke conditions that may impair long-term function even years after a stroke. However, screening for these post-stroke comorbidities remains infrequent in stroke prevention clinics and the utility of this screening for predicting long-term higher-level function has not been evaluated.

Aims:

To evaluate the ability of a validated brief Depression, Obstructive sleep apnea, and Cognitive impairment screen (DOC screen) to predict long-term (2-3 years after stroke) community participation and independence in instrumental activities of daily living post stroke.

Methods:

One hundred twenty-four patients (mean age, 66.3 [standard deviation = 15.7], 52.4% male) completed baseline depression and cognitive impairment screening at first stroke clinic visit, and telephone interviews 2 to 3 years post stroke to assess community independence (Frenchay Activities Index [FAI]) and participation (Reintegration to Normal Living Index [RNLI]). A subset of these patients also consented to complete detailed neuropsychological testing at baseline. Univariate and multivariate linear (FAI) and logistic (RNLI) regression analyses were used to determine the individual relationship between baseline data (predictors) and follow-up scores.

Results:

Older age (β = −0.17, P = .001), greater stroke severity (β = 1.84, P = .015), more depressive (β = −2.41, P = .023), and cognitive (β = −2.15, P = .046) symptoms independently predicted poor instrumental activity ( R2 = .27; P < .001). Measures of executive dysfunction were the strongest correlates of poor instrumental activity. Higher depression risk was the only significant predictor of participation on the RNLI in regression modeling (odds ratio = 0.46, P = .028).

Conclusions:

Baseline DOC screening in stroke prevention clinics shows that symptoms of depression and cognitive impairment are independent predictors of impaired higher-level functioning and community reintegration 2 to 3 years after stroke. Novel rehabilitation and psychological interventions targeting people with these conditions are needed to improve long-term patient-centered outcomes.
A dynamic model and performance analysis of a stepped rotary flow control valve
Authors: Abuowda Karem , Noroozi Siamak , Dupac Mihai , Godfry Phil
Published: January 2019

The hydraulic independent metering is an advanced actuator driving technique that allows the implementation of advanced control algorithms or methods. The main concept of independent metering is to control hydraulic actuators ports, which are the meter-in and meter-out, separately. In this article, a novel stepped rotary type valve has been developed for embedding in hydraulic independent metering systems, instead of conventional types such as poppet and spool. The insertion leads to developing different and novel control techniques, which require software-in-the-loop simulation and hardware-in-the-loop simulation of the proposed system. The paper explores the dynamic representation of this valve and defines its own performance limitations. This includes the development of a linear model comprising its two main subparts which are the stepper motor and the rotary orifice. Consequently, the linear time-invariant methods are used to explore the performance of the valve by considering the effect of different parameters namely the pressure drop, friction coefficient, damping coefficient, and bristle coefficient.
The buckling of Rectangular Composite Plates with Cutout under Uniaxial and Biaxial Compression
Authors: Yasui Yoshiaki
Published: January 2019

The buckling strength and behavior of the simply-supported rectangular FRP plate with a centrally located hole under uniaxial and biaxial compressive loading is elucidated as the numerical results of FEM. The composite materials consisting of carbon-fiber/epoxy are treated as the case of angle-ply and cross-ply orthotropic laminates.
The Physical modelling of Damage in Carbon Fibre Laminates
Authors: Beaumont P W R , Spearing S M , Kortschot M T , Ashby M F
Published: January 2019

One way towards a predictive design methodology is through model-informed empiricism. It involves modelling the principal (dominant) damaging process(es) and building a simple mathematical description of the mechanism(s) into appropriate empirical laws of composite material behaviour.
The difference of Fracture Behaviour between T300 and T800 Quasi-Isotropic Composites
Authors: Maekawa Zen-ichiro , Hamada Hiroyuki , Kitagawa Tomohiro , Lee Kueichi
Published: January 2019

Four types of quasi-isotropic CFRP laminates were tested in this study. Then the fracture behaviours, for example fracture modes and failure processes were observed by microscope and scanning electron microscope after tensile test. As the result, the differences of fracture behaviours between two kinds of reinforcing fibers composites are indicated.
Fracture in Metallic Ribbon Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites
Authors: Vaidya Rajendra U , Chawla K K , Lee T K , Subramanian K N
Published: January 2019

The fracture surfaces of a metallic–glass (amorphous) ribbon reinforced glass–ceramic and metallic ribbon reinforced glass matrix composite were studied. The features observed in the fracture surface of the brittle matrix were interpreted in terms of fast and slow crack growth in these composites. The implications of the nature of this crack growth on the toughness of such composites was also investigated.
Fracture Test Methods: Current Status
Authors: Davies P
Published: January 2019

Fracture tests to measure delamination resistance are among the most widely used non-standardized tests currently performed on composite materials. Unfortunately it has been shown that the values obtained from such tests can vary by a factor of two according to specimen geometry and data interpretation. It is therefore essential that a standard test method be developed. This presentation will describe the current efforts directed towards an internationally accepted test method, involving the European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS), ASTM and the Japanese Industrial Standards Group.
In Plane Shear behaviour of Carbon-Peek Composite
Authors: Touchard F , Lafarie-Frenot M C
Published: January 2019

APC-2 laminates [μ45]2s are submitted to loading-unloading tensile tests for measuring stiffness and taking X-ray radiographs at different stress levels. Extensive plastic shear strains and large permanent angle variations between fibres are observed. An important shear modulus drop is measured, while the matrix cracks are still scarce.
Impregnation Behavior and Longitudinal Bending properties of Thermoplastic Composites Made from Commingled Twisted Spun Yarn
Authors: Matsuo Tatsuki , Ikegawa Naoto
Published: January 2019

Unidirectional composites were fabricated from twisted spun yarn commingled of carbon fiber and Nylon 6 fiber by compression molding. Longitudinal bending strength was saturated with a rather lower pressure and shorter period of compression. A clear fiber bundles- boundaries pattern is observed. Two steps of impregnation is also presumed.
Measurement of Delamination Fracture Energy Using Stepped Laminates
Authors: Gopal P , Dharani L R , Yen S-C
Published: January 2019

Delamination is often the mode of failure in laminated composites. Therefore the quantification of delamination fracture energy is of vital importance. In this work, externally stepped graphite/epoxy (T300/934) laminates are tested in flexure, resulting in a series of delaminations at 0/90 interface. The delamination fracture energy is calculated based on the strain energy released and is found to be 535 J/m2. This value is in good agreement with the mode II strain energy release rate obtained by other workers.
Bending properties of 2.5 Dimensional Warp Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composites
Authors: Wu W-L , Kotaki M , Hamada H , Inoda M , Maekawa Z , Kanamaru R , Sanae N
Published: January 2019

A study of bending properties of 2.5 dimensional warp knitted fabric reinforced composites is presented. Two kinds of 2.5 dimensional knitted fabric structure have been adopted. It is found that the mechanical properties of 2.5 dimensional warp knitted fabric reinforced composite with face structure of back half is superior to that with face structure of single dembigh. The effect of stretching the knitted structure before molding has also been taken into account. Finally, the future application of the 2.5 dimensional warp knitted fabric, e.g., to the resin transfer molding, is suggested.
Routine evaluation of Interfacial Adhesion in Fibre Reinforced Plastics
Authors: Okoroafor E.U. , Priston A–M. , Hill R.
Published: January 2019

The predominant damage process occurring, when unidirectional composites are subjected to transverse tension, is interfacial failure events which are detected as acoustic emission(AE) by a transducer in contact with the test piece. The stress and strain range over which these AE events occur determine the strength of the fibre—matrix interface, while the relative number of recorded events give indication as to the interfacial failure mode.
Sintering of Glass Matrix Composites Containing A Particulate Inclusion Phase
Authors: Boccaccini Aldo R.
Published: January 2019

A new equation is presented for predicting the sintering rate of particulate composites. The equation is derived using the analogy between sintering and thermal stresses introduced by Scherer. For composites that sinter by a viscous flow mechanism, i.e. glass matrix composites, the prediction of the equation does not deviate significantly from the Scherer's equation for low volume fraction of inclusions. For high inclusion contents more experimental data is necessary for validation of the equation
Development of A Flexible Composite Material
Authors: Ramakrishna S. , Tang Z.G. , Teoh S.H. , Tsai K.T.
Published: January 2019

Primary objective of this research work is to develop a flexible and biocompatible composite material by reinforcing polyurethane elastomer with knitted fabric of polyester fibers. A new composite fabrication method has been developed, as the conventional thermoplastic composite fabrication methods are not suitable for reinforcing a polymer of high melting temperature with fibers of low melting temperature. The flexible composite material displayed an elastic modulus of 22.3 MPa, tensile strength of 19.5 MPa and a failure strain of 141%.
‘It’s easy to say “don’t sign anything”’: Debt problems among recent migrants from a non-English-speaking background
Authors: Bourova Evgenia , Ramsay Ian , Ali Paul
Published: January 2019

Legal protections are in place to allow Australians in financial hardship to avoid negative credit ratings and bankruptcy by negotiating alternative payment arrangements with creditors. This article draws upon focus groups with consumer advocates to investigate whether these protections are meeting the needs of recent migrants from a non-English-speaking background. The authors argue that recent migrants receive inadequate support with the financial aspects of settlement in Australia, creating barriers to the resolution of debt problems. They recommend measures that could reduce the vulnerability of recent migrants in consumer transactions and assist them to resolve debt problems before they escalate.
Electrorheological behaviour of suspensions in silicone oil of doped polyaniline nanostructures containing carbon nanoparticles
Authors: Santos Jenifer , Goswami Sumita , Calero Nuria , Cidade Maria Teresa
Published: January 2019

Electrorheological fluids have been paying a lot of attention due to their potential use in active control of various devices in mechanics, biomedicine or robotics. An electrorheological fluid consisting of polarizable particles dispersed in a non-conducting liquid is considered to be one of the most interesting and important smart fluids. This work presents the effect of the dopant, camphorsulphonic acid or citric acid, on the electrorheological behaviour of suspensions of doped polyaniline nanostructures dispersed in silicone oil, revealing its key role. The influence of carbon nanoparticle concentration has also been studied for these dispersions. All the samples showed an electrorheological effect, which increased with electric field and nanostructure concentration and decreased with silicone oil viscosity. However, the magnitude of this effect was strongly influenced not only by carbon nanoparticle concentration but also by the dopant material. The electrorheological effect was much lower with a higher carbon nanoparticle concentration and doped with citric acid. The latter is probably due to the different acidities of the dopants that lead to a different conductivity of polyaniline nanostructures. Furthermore, the effect of the carbon nanoparticles could be related to its charge trapping mechanism, while the charge transfer through the polymeric backbone occurs by hopping. Polyaniline/camphorsulphonic acid composite nanostructures dispersed in silicone oil exhibited the highest electrorheological activity, higher than three decades increase in apparent viscosity for low shear rates and high electric fields, showing their potential application as electrorheological smart materials.
Uninhibited Institutionalisms
Authors: Alvesson Mats , Hallett Tim , Spicer Andre
Published: January 2019

Institutional theory (IT) is a very influential set of approaches in organization studies. There is increasing critique that the set is becoming uninhibited: too broad, dispersed, and confusing. Efforts to rejuvinate the field(s) have led to all-embracing definitions and efforts to account for too much, which makes it difficult to identify what is distinct about the assembly of research. This article discusses critically the state of IT and suggests some reconceptualizations of institution and institutional theory and points at some alternative lines of development.
Predicting College Student Drinking and Smoking Intentions With Cognitively Accessible Attitudes and Norms
Authors: Rhodes Nancy , Potocki Bridget , Thomas Sarah
Published: January 2019

Understanding the factors that make college students more likely to drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes is key to developing effective interventions in order to reduce these behaviors. This study sought to understand entering college students’ intentions to engage in smoking and drinking behavior by examining the cognitive accessibility (ease of retrieval from memory) of attitudes and norms for drinking. A sample of 413 first-year college students living in on-campus residence halls participated in the study in the first 2 weeks of their first semester of college. Reaction time measures of attitudes and norms assessed the cognitive accessibility of these constructs. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted. Results indicated that the cognitive accessibility of both attitudes and peer injunctive norms predicted behavioral intentions to drink and smoke. Our findings indicate that when injunctive peer norms are accessible from memory, they are better predictors of drinking and smoking intentions than descriptive norms or injunctive family norms. Our work provides important guidance for interventions to reduce risky behavior in college students and suggests that emphasizing social costs of these behaviors may be a promising strategy.
Incorporating Observed Physiological Data to Personalize Pediatric Vital Sign Alarm Thresholds
Authors: Poole Sarah , Shah Nigam
Published: January 2019

Bedside monitors are intended as a safety net in patient care, but their management in the inpatient setting is a significant patient safety concern. The low precision of vital sign alarm systems leads to clinical staff becoming desensitized to the sound of the alarm, a phenomenon known as alarm fatigue. Alarm fatigue has been shown to increase response time to alarms or result in alarms being ignored altogether and has negative consequences for patient safety. We present methods to establish personalized thresholds for heart rate and respiratory rate alarms. These thresholds are first chosen based on patient characteristics available at the time of admission and are then adapted to incorporate vital signs observed in the first 2 hours of monitoring. We demonstrate that the adapted thresholds are similar to those chosen by clinicians for individual patients and would result in fewer alarms than the currently used age-based thresholds. Personalized vital sign alarm thresholds can help to alleviate the problem of alarm fatigue in an inpatient setting while ensuring that all critical vital signs are detected.
The Diet for Edible-Nest Swiftlets: Nutritional Composition and Cost of Life Stages of Megaselia scalaris Loew (Diptera: Phoridae) Bred on 3 Commercial Breeding Materials
Authors: Ahmad Hamdan , Ong Song-Quan , Tan Eng Hua
Published: January 2019

Megaselia scalaris (Loew) is one of the best-known diets for the swiftlet. Previous studies have addressed the problem of some mass rearing conditions for this insect; unfortunately, the details of the nutritional composition of the life stages and cost of the breeding materials were insufficiently reported, even though this information is crucial for farming the edible-nest swiftlet. We aimed to investigate the nutritional composition of the life stages of M scalaris on a cost basis using 3 common commercial breeding materials: chicken pellets (CPs), fish pellets (FPs), and mouse pellets (MPs). Modified Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) proximate and mineral analyses were carried out on the insect’s third instar larvae, pupal, and adult stages to determine the nutritional composition. Regardless of the breeding materials, the adult stage of M scalaris had significantly higher crude protein than the other stages; the pupae were rich in calcium, which is required for egg production; and the third instar larvae had the highest amount of crude fat compared with the other stages. Regarding the energy content, there were no significant differences among the stages according to the breeding materials. In terms of nutritional cost, CP was the most economic breeding material and generated the highest amount of nutrients per US dollar (US $). Different life stages of M scalaris were used by the swiftlets by supplying the required nutrients, and future studies should focus on effective diet feeding methods.
Synergism of hollow MoS2 nano-particles and WS2 micro-particles on improving the tribological properties of carbon fiber fabric reinforced phenolic-based composites
Authors: Tong Zhe , Li Xing , Ma Qiang , Tangjie Mei , Dong Guangneng
Published: January 2019

The hollow MoS2 nano-particles were synthesized via hydrothermal method and were used as additives to fabricate the carbon fiber fabric/phenolic composites (CF/PF) containing WS2 micro-particles by hot-press approach. Subsequently, the tribological properties of CF/PF composites were comprehensively investigated. We found that the addition of WS2 alone can achieve significant decrease in the friction coefficient of CF/PF composites, but it decreases the wear resistance due to the peeling off of WS2 micro-particles form matrix caused by stress concentration. Nevertheless, the addition of both WS2 micro-particles and MoS2 nano-particles can achieve significant improvement in the lubricating property and wear resistance of CF/PF composites, indicating that there existed a synergetic effect among carbon fibers, WS2 micro-particles, and MoS2 nano-particles to enhance the tribological properties of CF/PF composites. The doping of additives with large size range can promote the formation of transfer film on the surface of counterpart as well as enhance the mechanical properties of matrix. Furthermore, the multi-scale additives reduced the stress concentration of matrix around the CF and hence inhibited the breakage, pull-out of CF, resulting in the improvement of the tribological properties due to the high load-carrying capacity of CF.
The identification technology of vehicle weight based on bridge strain time-history curve
Authors: Hao Tianzhi , Xie Zhengyuan , Yu Mengsheng
Published: January 2019

It is the basic characteristics of bridge weigh-in-motion technology to directly identify the vehicle weight based on the bridge dynamic response. At present, bridge weigh-in-motion technology tends to be mature in identification of gross vehicle weighing, but there is no breakthrough in identification of single-axle weighing. Therefore, a new axle-weight identification method is proposed using bridge weigh-in-motion technology in this article, in which the idea of bridge weigh-in-motion technology is introduced first. The numerical expression of the single-axle weight and the identification expression of axle space and vehicle speed are presented thereafter. Furthermore, the accuracy of the presented method is further reinforced through a series of practical model experiments of simply supported and continuous beam. The experimental result indicated that the proposed method is feasible in practical application.
Experiences of caregivers of people with dementia in a Korean dementia simulation program
Authors: Han Areum , Kim Tae Hui , Hong Hyeon
Published: January 2019

Objectives

Experiencing dementia-related challenges in a dementia simulation program can be useful for caregivers to understand perspectives of people with dementia possibly leading to improvement in the quality of care and positive outcomes in caregivers and people with dementia. Previous studies about dementia simulation programs have been conducted in Western countries and no research has been conducted in Asian countries. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore experiences of caregivers of people with dementia who participated in a Korean dementia simulation program.

Methods

A descriptive phenomenological study using thematic analysis with ATLAS.ti 8 software was used. A total of 28 Korean caregivers were interviewed about two weeks after participating in the Korean dementia simulation program that was modified from a program developed in USA by considering Korean cultures.

Results

Three key themes with seven subthemes emerged. The present study demonstrated that participation in the program helped caregivers have more empathy, affected their care strategies positively leading to emotional and social benefits on the care dyads, and increased awareness in possible changes due to aging and the risk of dementia.

Conclusions

The present study was the first study that demonstrated caregivers’ positive experiences in and benefits from participation in a dementia simulation program in an Asian country. Caregivers in the other Asian countries may have similar benefits from participation in dementia simulation programs.
Children’s Judgments of Epistemic and Moral Agents: From Situations to Intentions
Authors: Koenig Melissa A. , Tiberius Valerie , Hamlin J. Kiley
Published: January 2019

Children’s evaluations of moral and epistemic agents crucially depend on their discerning that an agent’s actions were performed intentionally. Here we argue that children’s epistemic and moral judgments reveal practices of forgiveness and blame, trust and mistrust, and objection or disapproval and that such practices are supported by children’s monitoring of the situational constraints on agents. Inherent in such practices is the understanding that agents are responsible for actions performed under certain conditions but not others. We discuss a range of situational constraints on children’s early epistemic and moral evaluations and clarify how these situational constraints serve to support children’s identification of intentional actions. By monitoring the situation, children distinguish intentional from less intentional action and selectively hold epistemic and moral agents accountable. We argue that these findings inform psychological and philosophical theorizing about attributions of moral and epistemic agency and responsibility.
Mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties of functionalized graphene oxide/polyimide nanocomposite films
Authors: Fazil Srosh , Bangesh Masroor , Rehman Wajid , Liaqat Khurram , Saeed Shaukat , Sajid Muhammad , Waseem Muhammad , Shakeel Muhammad , Bibi Iram , Guo Cun-Yue
Published: January 2019

Ethyltriethoxysilane-functionalized graphene oxide/polyimide composite films were synthesized. Eighty percent improvement in Young’s modulus, high thermal stability at 800°C, and 3.46-fold increase in dielectric constants compared to polyimide with a dielectric loss of only 0.035 were exhibited by these composite films.
The Clinical Case for the Integration of a Ketone Sensor as Part of a Closed Loop Insulin Pump System
Authors: Lee Melissa H. , Paldus Barbora , Krishnamurthy Balasubramanium , McAuley Sybil A. , Shah Rajiv , Jenkins Alicia J. , O’Neal David N.
Published: January 2019

Closed loop (CL) systems deliver insulin with a rapid onset and offset in action. Although favorable overall, the absence of a long-acting insulin increases the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) which can occur with insulin delivery failure, acute illness, low carbohydrate diets, sodium glucose-linked transporter inhibitors, and high intensity exercise. A CL system relying entirely on interstitial glucose measurements may not provide an alert for DKA and many people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) do not carry a blood ketone meter and test-strips. Ketone sensing is theoretically feasible. A multianalyte platform incorporating a ketone sensor could provide an additional CL input without an increase in burden for the person with T1D, warning of impending DKA to allow remedial action to be taken. We outline the clinical case for inclusion of continuous ketone sensing as part of future CL systems.
Functional outcome after the nonsurgical treatment for adolescent spasmodic valgus foot
Authors: Rizk Ahmed Shawkat , Kandil Mahmoud Ibrahim
Published: January 2019

Background:

Adolescent spasmodic valgus foot is usually associated with resistant pain and deformity. It shows controversy regarding its incidence, etiology, and treatment. Our study aimed to evaluate the functional outcome after the nonsurgical treatment for such condition.

Methods:

This study included 50 planovalgus feet secondary to peroneal or peroneo-extensor spasm in 33 adolescents with a mean age of 14 ± 2.8 years. The procedure included foot manipulation under general anesthesia, sinus tarsi injection with corticosteroids, and a walking cast in the neutral position. Patients were evaluated functionally (using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS)) and radiologically before the procedure, after cast removal, and 3, 9, and 18 months later with special attention given for recurrence during the follow-up period with a mean duration of 22.5 ± 3.5 months.

Results:

Once general anesthesia had been conducted, the deformity was corrected without any manipulation, and full passive inversion could be easily obtained in 26 feet, the deformity was corrected only after manipulation, and full passive inversion had been obtained in 14 feet, while 10 feet remained stiff even after manipulation. The mean AOFAS score was significantly improved ( p < 0.001) from 40.9 ± 3.5 at presentation to 73.56 ± 5.2 at the last follow-up in which 12 feet was painless and freely mobile and 24 feet had partial relapse, while 14 feet had complete relapse.

Conclusion:

The nonsurgical treatment for adolescent spasmodic valgus foot could be a simple and effective treatment. Apart from limited complete recurrence, the overall functional outcome was satisfactory. Level of evidence: type IV case series.
Urban Commuters in Indian States and Cities: Modes of Transport and Distances
Authors: Nayka Shivakumar , Sridhar Kala Seetharam
Published: January 2019

A strong urban transport system is crucial for city efficiency, given the need for mobility in cities. This article uses Census of India (2011) data on transport to examine work-related commute among Indians at the state and city levels. At the state level, it finds a strong positive correlation between workforce participation rate and proportion of commuters. It also finds a strong positive correlation between the proportion who commute on foot and those who use bicycles. States characterised by extensive usage of public transport are the ones that account for a greater share of workforce participation. At the city level, the article finds that the smallest cities are most conducive for those who commute on foot or bicycles, whereas cars are preferred by commuters in high-income cities. In mid-sized cities, commuters tend to use two-wheelers. Commuters across all the selected cities walk for long distances spanning between 6 and 10 km. This indicates the need for further examination of public transport and infrastructure in these cities.
Psychaesthenic Syndrome: A Review on its Implication in Female Sexual Arousal
Authors: Koneru Amulya , J. Shivanand Manohar , Rao T. S. Sathyanarayana
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Psychaesthenic syndrome in the recent classification of DSM-5 comes under ‘Cultural Concepts of Distress.’ This can be the equivalent of Dhat syndrome in males. There is a paucity of literature regarding psychaesthenic syndrome. In this paper, we have tried to review the available literature regarding psychiatric and sexual comorbidities of psychaesthenic syndrome. Our paper also aims to ascertain the role and implication of psychaesthenic syndrome in female sexual arousal.

Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and other databases were used to conduct the search. Research published in English was included. We searched the databases using the terms ‘psychaesthenic syndrome,’ ‘female Dhat syndrome,’ ‘nonpathological white discharge per vagina (NPWDPV),’ ‘leucorrhea,’ ‘female sexual disorders,’ etc.

Results: For this review, we could find around 65 papers pertaining to the subject. These focused on the presence and effect of psychiatric disorders on sexual functioning. The effect of psychaesthenic syndrome on sexual functioning was also explored. The discomfort caused by NPWDPV may itself lead to decreased interest in sex. As inhibited sexual desire and sexual arousal disorder are estimated to be among the most common sexual disorders in women, it is probable that difficulty in sexual arousal is one of the major perceived effects of psychaesthenic syndrome. It has been found that depression often leads to difficulty in sexual arousal, amongst other sexual dysfunctions. Thus, there is an indirect causation of female sexual arousal disorder in psychaesthenic syndrome if depression is the manifestation of the syndrome.

Conclusion: Very few studies have been done regarding the role of psychaesthenic syndrome in female sexual arousal till now. We are in the process of a major population-based study to delineate the epidemiological aspects, clinical features, management, and prevention aspects related to psychaesthenic syndrome. This review presents the available literature, issues of concern, and methods to manage NPWDPV.
Classic hairy cell leukemia complicated by pancytopenia and severe infection: a report of 3 cases treated with vemurafenib
Authors: Shenoi Daniel P. , Andritsos Leslie A. , Blachly James S. , Rogers Kerry A. , Moran Mollie E. , Anghelina Mirela , Jones Jeffrey A. , Grever Michael R.
Published: January 2019

Key Points

Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HCL patients, and myelosuppressive therapies increase the risk of poor outcomes. Vemurafenib achieves rapid hematologic improvement in HCL and may facilitate management during life-threatening infection.
Enhancing network cluster synchronization capability based on artificial immune algorithm
Authors: Chen Tinggui , Shi Jiawen , Yang Jianjun , Li Gongfa
Published: January 2019

With the deeper study on complex networks, more and more attention has been paid to the research on the cluster synchronization phenomena based on complex networks. In the real world, synchronization phenomena or cluster synchronous behaviors occur frequently, some of which may result in larger negative impacts to the society, such as “cadmium rice event,” while others bring significant economic benefits to the society, such as the synchronization of the propaganda for “black Friday.” Therefore, research on cluster synchronism has great values for theoretical study and social applications. Currently, the study of cluster synchronicity is focused on the solution of the synchronization threshold and the analysis of the synchronization phenomenon, etc. However, the optimization to enhance the synchronous evolutionary effect is rarely presented in literatures. To overcome these limitations of current work, we explore the optimization of network structure with artificial immune algorithms under the condition of a constant network scale and finally realize the promotion of synchronous evolution effect in this paper. Moreover, the relevant research results are applied to real cases. On one hand, for the positive synchronous behaviors, the network structure with good synchronization capability is created to achieve better synchronization. On the other hand, the connection between nodes and edges in the network is cut off to avoid the occurrence of negative synchronous behaviors.
Care experiences of young people with eating disorders and their parents: qualitative study
Authors: Mitrofan Oana , Petkova Hristina , Janssens Astrid , Kelly Jonathan , Edwards Eve , Nicholls Dasha , McNicholas Fiona , Simic Mima , Eisler Ivan , Ford Tamsin , Byford Sarah
Published: January 2019

Background

Perspectives of young people with eating disorders and their parents on helpful aspects of care should be incorporated into evidence-based practice and service design, but data are limited.

Aims

To explore patient and parent perspectives on positive and negative aspects of care for young people with eating disorders.

Method

Six online focus groups with 19 young people aged 16–25 years with existing or past eating disorders and 11 parents.

Results

Thematic analysis identified three key themes: the need to (a) shift from a weight-focused to a more holistic, individualised and consistent care approach, with a better balance in targeting psychological and physical problems from an early stage; (b) improve professionals' knowledge and attitude towards patients and their families at all levels of care from primary to ‘truly specialist’; (c) enhance peer and family support.

Conclusions

Young people and parents identified an array of limitations in approaches to care for young people with eating disorders and raised the need for change, particularly a move away from a primarily weight-focused treatment and a stronger emphasis on psychological needs and individualised care.

Declaration of interest

None.