bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biochar Application: An effective Measure in Improving the Fertility Status, Carbon Stock and Aggregate Stability of Eroded Soil
Authors: Uchenna Onwudike Stanley , Igbozurike Chris Ifeanyi , Nwachukwu Peace Somachi
Published: September 2023

In search for an efficient means of building up the carbon stock, improving the fertility levels and aggregate stability of tropical soils for optimum crop yield, a field study was carried using different biochars and comparing the effects with inorganic fertilizer. The biochars were palm bunch biochar (PBB), saw dust biochar (SDM) and rice mill husk biochar (RMHB). Treatments consisted of 10 t/ha palm bunch biochar + 0.25t/ha poultry manure (T1), 10 t/ha rice mill husk biochar + 0.25t/ha poultry manure (T2), 10 t/ha saw dust biochar + 0.25t/ha poultry manure (T3), 500kg/ha N.P.K 15:15:15 fertilizer + 0.25t/ha poultry manure (T4) and plot without biochar + 0.25t/ha poultry manure (T5) (control plot). These were replicated five times on experimental plots of 4m2 in a randomized complete block design. Maize (Zea mays) was used as a test crop and data obtained were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and correlation. Soils amended with biochars significantly improved soil pH, organic carbon, exchangeable bases and base saturation than non biochar fertilized soils. Saw dust biochar increased soil carbon stock by 95.1% against NPK fertilizer plots and control. There was 19% decrease in soil bulk density and 17% increase in soil pH with application of palm bunch biochar. Amending soils with palm bunch biochar increased soil organic carbon by 51.5%. The biochars increased the values of critical level of soil organic matter, modifies clay ratio and reduced the value of clay flocculation index more than NPK fertilized soils or control. Among the treatments, rice mill husk biochar recorded the highest maize cob weight though not significant with palm bunch biochar. Therefore, applying biochars on eroded soil is an effective measure of improving the stability, soil carbon stock as well as enhancing higher maize yield than inorganic fertilizer.
The Impacts of Pandemic on Food Security and Food Inflation
Authors: Karagöz Ali , Kandemir Orhan
Published: September 2023

One of the most important impacts of the Covid 19 pandemic that broke out in China in the last months of 2019 was on the agricultural sector and, consequently, on the food supply. This situation manifested itself in an increase in food insecurity and food prices in countries around the world, and rising food prices highlighted the risk of undernourishment. The study attempted to statistically represent the impact of the pandemic on food security and food price increases in countries around the world. The study first compared the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods in terms of three basic indicators, such as food security, food prices, and undernourishment rates, and examined whether there was a significant difference between the two periods. Within the context of these three indicators, an attempt was then made to determine whether the negative impact of the pandemic was more severe in low-income countries. The results of the analysis showed that food prices, food insecurity, and undernourishment increased during the pandemic and that these impacts were relatively greater in developing countries. Therefore, the financial burden of these negative impacts associated with food supply was greater in developing countries.
The Comparative Analysis of a Developed Swing Beater and Conventional Beater of a Palm Nut Cracking Machine
Authors: Okunola Oluwatobi , Olukunle Olawale John , Adetola Oluwafemi Adeyemi , Akinfiresoye Waleola
Published: September 2023

Based on high dependent of many processing company on palm kernel oil, high quality palm nut cracking machine is not only necessary but also important to revitalize the production of palm kernel in other to meup with ever increasing industrial demand. Different palm kernel beaters; Swing beater (SB) and the conventional type known as rigid beater (RB) of an existing palm kernel cracker were investigated using the moisture content (7, 17, 26% (db)), five different speeds (970, 1200, 1450,1750, 2430rpm) and three different average nut sizes (14.5, 22.15, 29.43mm) of palm kernel nut. Approximately, six thousand palm nuts of Tenera specie were collected, dried, cleaned and sorted to evaluate the machine. Result shows that, the maximum quality efficiency recorded for Swing beater was 89.5% at 17% moisture content (db), 29.4 mm average nut size and 970 rpm machine speed. Similarly, for the performance of rigid beater, the maximum quality efficiency of 71.5% was recorded at 26% moisture content (db), 29.4 mm average nut size and 970 rpm machine speed. The effect of nut size was however not significant on the quality efficiency however it was generally observed that quality efficiency increased with increase in the nuts size. The machine speed has a significant effect on the quality efficiency. Generally, the quality of the kernel recovered decreased as the machine speed decreased. Beater configuration has significant effect on the quality efficiency of the palm nut cracking machine at 5% significant level. Swing beater can be used instead of conventional beater (rigid beater) to crack palm nut for higher quality of whole kernel recovery.
Kajian Interaksi Obat pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Rawat Inap di RSUD Panglima Sebaya Tanah Grogot
Authors: Handayani Nurul , Faisal Muhammad , Rusli Rolan
Published: September 2023

Patients with acute and chronic kidney failure generally have accompanying diseases so many drugs are often prescribed. The increasing complexity of the drugs used will lead to an increased risk of drug interaction events, potentially affecting the success of the patient's therapy. This study aims determine the potential of drug interactions of patients with kidney failure inpatient of Panglima Sebaya Hospital. This research is a descriptive study retrospectively with purposive sampling techniques. The results of the study of 64 medical records of patients who qualified for inclusion showed that the characteristics of the most patients were men as many as 34 patients (53.13%), ages ranging from 46-55 years (early elderly) as many as 19 patients (29.69%), with the number of diseases accompanying 1-2 diseases as many as 50 patients (78.13%) such as anemia as many as 27 patients (28.13%). The total use of 6-10 drugs was mostly given to 31 patients (48.44%) in the form of cardiovascular system drugs which is 149 prescribing (31.17%). The potential drug interactions found were 12% minor, 80% moderate, and 8% major.
Profil Elektrolit dan Hematologi Pasien Balita Diare Akut dengan Dehidrasi Ringan-Sedang di RSUD Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda
Authors: Dahlan Aegirine Rafilah , Aminyoto Meiliati , Muhyi Annisa
Published: September 2023

Di seluruh dunia, diare berada pada urutan kedua teratas sebagai penyebab mortalitas pada anak di bawah lima tahun (balita). Diare juga menjadi penyebab kematian tertinggi pada balita di Indonesia maupun di Kalimantan Timur. Berbagai komplikasi dapat ditimbulkan oleh diare, seperti dehidrasi, gangguan elektrolit, hingga kematian. Sebagian besar komplikasi tersebut terkait dengan keterlambatan diagnosis serta pemberian terapi yang tidak tepat. Salah satu modalitas yang dapat membantu penegakan diagnosis diare akut pada anak adalah pemeriksaan elektrolit dan hematologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil elektrolit dan hematologi pasien balita diare akut dengan dehidrasi ringan-sedang di RSUD Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Data penelitian diperoleh dari rekam medis RSUD Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda periode 2019-2021 menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan diperoleh 102 sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pada pemeriksaan hematologi, nilai rata-rata leukosit, hemoglobin, dan hematokrit masing-masing 12500/µL, 12.04 g/dL, dan 35.91%. Pada pemeriksaan elektrolit, didapatkan nilai rata-rata natrium, kalium, dan klorida masing-masing 135.4 mmol/L, 4.31 mmol/L, dan 106.39 mmol/L. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah profil elektrolit dan hematologi pada sebagian besar balita diare akut dengan dehidrasi ringan-sedang berada pada nilai normal serta gangguan elektrolit yang paling sering terjadi adalah hiponatremi, diikuti oleh hipokalemi dan hiperkloremi.
Analisis Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Swamedikasi Diare terhadap Mahasiswa Farmasi Universitas Tanjungpura
Authors: Esperanza Agvina Felicia , Pratiwi Liza , Rizkifani Shoma
Published: September 2023

Self-medication is done to treat minor illnesses, such as diarrhea. Knowledge and behaviour of drugs usage in each individual affect self-medication so that irrational drugs usage can be prevent. This study determines the relationship between semester, knowledge and behaviour about diarrhea self-medication of pharmacy students at Tanjungpura University 2021/2022. The research method was carried out retrospectively in the form of a cross-sectioned questionnaire. Stratified random sampling method was used for sample selection. Rank-spearman analysis was used to analyze the relationship between semester level, knowledge and behaviour of diarrhea self-medication. Based on research, out of 232 respondents, majority of respondents were women, aged 21, obtained drugs from pharmacies without prescription (81,03%) and used adsorbent class for antidiarrheal drugs. Knowledges are classified from good (9,91%), moderate (28,45%) and low (61,64%). Behaviours are classified as appropiate (79,74%) and inappropriate (20,26%).  The p-value results show the relationship between semester and knowledge 0,142; relationship between semester and behaviour 0,256 and relationship between knowledge and behaviour 0,318. The conclusion of this study is the relationship between semester and knowledge are categoried very low with positive significant relationship. Relationship between semester and behaviour and relationship between knowledge and behaviour are categoried low with positive significant relationship.
Exploring Identity Issues in Development Areas of Vernacular Rural Settlements: A Case Study of Behramkale, Türkiye
Authors: Boyacıoğlu Didem , Göçer Özgür , Karahan Ebru Ergöz
Published: September 2023

Sustainable rural development is a challenging issue, considering the pressure of change brought by the demands of globalisation and intensified tourism activities in rural vernacular settlements. While studies in this field often focus on historical centres, research on the distinctive urban and architectural identity of “village development areas” in rural vernacular settlements remains scarce. To address this gap in the literature, a field study was conducted in the vernacular rural settlement of Behramkale, located in the Northern Aegean region of Türkiye. The study explored the continuity of architectural and urban identity and its significance. The research involved a qualitative assessment of primary data obtained through architectural surveys and archival documents collected in 2017 and 2021. Data analysis not only focused on static features of place identity but included dynamic and perceptual features of place identity. Planning policy inadequacies and the implications of top-down decisions on vernacular rural Türkiye are discussed. The key finding from the study highlights the necessity for a more participatory and site-specific approach to preserving vernacular rural heritage’s urban and architectural identity for sustainable development. In this regard, the paper proposes that an identity-based and people-centred approach should be integrated into the policies for the development areas of vernacular rural settlements. This integration aims to preserve the local architectural identity and promote a belongingness community among residents.
Letters
Authors: Mignot Michel
Published: September 2023

letters to the editor
Pembangunan Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (RPS)
Authors: Aziira Aina Hubby , Kamil Husnil , Kartika Afriyanti Dwi
Published: September 2023

Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (RPS) merupakan wujud pengembangan kurikulum yang dibuat berdasarkan Dokumen Kurikulum. Pengelolaan RPS yang baik adalah salah satu kunci untuk memaksimalkan proses pengawasan dan pengembangan pembelajaran. Sistem pengelolaan RPS di Program Studi Sistem Informasi Universitas Andalas masih dilakukan secara konvensional. RPS belum terstruktur dengan baik sesuai standar penyusunan RPS sehingga akan menyulitkan dosen dalam melakukan pengawasan, evaluasi, dan pengembangan rencana pembelajaran, yang selanjutnya juga akan mempengaruhi kualitas lulusan serta akan menyulitkan proses penilaian pada saat Re-Akreditasi program studi. Oleh karena itu, pengelolaan RPS berupa penulisan yang terstruktur dan adanya wadah untuk mengarsipkan perubahan RPS yang dilakukan selama proses pengembangan, penting dilakukan. Hal ini dapat dicapai dengan menggunakan sebuah sistem informasi sehingga dirasa perlu untuk membangun sistem informasi pengelolaan RPS. Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan RPS dibangun berdasarkan metode Waterfall yang terdiri dari tahap analisis kebutuhan, perancangan sistem, implementasi sistem dengan memanfaatkan arsitektur MERN (MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, dan Node.js) sebagai empat teknologi utama, yang dilanjutkan dengan tahap pengujian. Dengan sistem yang dikembangkan, dosen dapat membuat RPS secara terstruktur serta memiliki arsip RPS yang pernah dikembangkan untuk nantinya dijadikan bahan evaluasi pembelajaran. Pengujian fungsional yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa sistem informasi pengelolaan RPS sudah berjalan sebagaimana yang direncanakan.
Perbandingan Algoritma Support Vector Machine (SVM) dan Decision Tree untuk Sistem Rekomendasi Tempat Wisata
Authors: Oktafiani Rian , Rianto Rianto
Published: September 2023

Industri pariwisata Indonesia berkembang dari tahun ke tahun. Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu provinsi yang memiliki banyak destinasi wisata. Pertumbuhan internet dan teknologi informasi juga menjadi faktor dalam industri pariwisata Indonesia. Dengan adanya informasi mengenai pariwisata di internet, dapat memudahkan wisatawan untuk mencari informasi. Namun, karena jumlah informasi yang sangat banyak akan membuat wisatawan kebingungan untuk menentukan tujuan wisata. Selain itu, wisata lokal memiliki potensi yang cukup tinggi untuk membantu perekonomian daerah, namun saat ini belum dieksplorasi secara maksimal. Sistem rekomendasi dan kemampuan klasifikasi tempat wisata diperlukan untuk memberikan akurasi rekomendasi yang baik. Untuk menentukan jumlah fitur yang paling menguntungkan untuk klasifikasi lokasi wisata, Teknik Principal Component Analysis (PCA) digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk membandingkan metodologi Support Vector Machine (SVM) dan Decision Tree (DT). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa, dengan nilai akurasi 98.97% penerapan PCA dengan nilai n=5 dan berada pada perbandingan Split Data 75% : 25%, pendekatan SVM memiliki performa lebih baik daripada metode Decision Tree. Metode Decision Tree juga memiliki performa yang baik, dengan menggunakan PCA dengan nilai n=5, Decision Tree memiliki akurasi 96.55% yang berada pada perbandingan Split Data 85% : 15%.
Prediksi Nilai Akhir Matakuliah Mahasiswa Menggunakan Metode K-Means Clustering (Studi Kasus : Matakuliah Pemrograman Dasar)
Authors: Ariawan Made Pasek Agus , Peling Ida Bagus Adisimakrisna , Subiksa Gde Brahupadhya
Published: September 2023

Nilai akhir matakuliah merupakan salah satu komponen untuk kelulusan mahasiswa, selain mahasiswa dosen juga memiliki peran penting dalam hasil dari nilai akhir matakuliah mahasiswa. Tentunya diharapkan nilai akhir dari matakuliah yang diambil mahasiswa mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal. Dosen biasanya akan memberikan remedial bagi mahasiswa yang nilainya kurang dari standar kelulusan. Remedial biasanya akan diberikan setelah nilai akhir dikeluarkan. Remidial biasanya dilakukan berkali – kali sampai nilai akhir mahasiswa memenuhi standar dari perguruan tinggi. Tentunya proses remidial ini akan menghabiskan    banyak waktu bagi dosen dan mahasiswa, dengan mengetahui perkiraan nilai akhir mahasiswa dapat memahami sejauh mana pemahaman mereka terhadap materi dan sejauh mana mereka telah mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Hal ini dapat membantu mereka mengidentifikasi area-area di mana mereka perlu meningkatkan pemahaman atau keterampilan mereka.Berdasarkan permasalahan ini peneliti melakukan penelitian untuk memprediksi nilai akhir matakuliah mahasiswa. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data mahasiswa yang mengambil matakuliah pemrograman dasar. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode K-means clustering. Hasil dari prediksi menggunakan metode K-means clustering menunjukan tingkat Precision 86%, Recall 100%, akurasi 93%.
Systematic Literature Review: Analisis Sentimen Berbasis Deep Learning
Authors: Fitroh Fitroh , Hudaya Fahmi
Published: September 2023

Systematic literature review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tren penelitian analisis sentimen berbasis deep learning antara tahun 2020-2023. Fokus kajiannya adalah pada pemahaman tentang pemodelan yang digunakan oleh banyak peneliti, juga nilai akurasi dari masing-masing klasifikasi tersebut. Pertanyaan utama dalam SLR ini yaitu teknik analisis sentimen berbasis deep learning apa yang memberikan akurasi tertinggi. Peneliti menemukan 400 artikel terindeks Scopus dengan menggunakan Publish or Perish 8. Selanjutnya, penyaringan jurnal dan pencarian kluster menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Excel, Zotero, Mendeley, dan VOS Viewer yang menghasilkan 105 artikel terpilih untuk dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil temuan metode yang populer digunakan dalam melakukan analisis sentimen berbasis deep learning dalam jangka waktu yang telah ditentukan adalah metode LSTM dan CNN, baik dilakukan satu metode maupun keduanya. Adapun akurasi tertinggi mencapai 99% dengan rata-rata 89% menggunakan metode LSTM. Pengetahuan ini dapat digunakan untuk mengusulkan model analisis sentimen berbasis deep learning yang memberikan akurasi tertinggi.
Penerapan K-Means Clustering Pada Pariwisata Kabupaten Bojonegoro Untuk Mendukung Keputusan Strategi Pemasaran
Authors: Al-Fahmi Barron Mahardhika , Rahmawati Endra , Sagirani Tri
Published: September 2023

Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Bojonegoro merupakan lembaga pemerintahan yang berfokus pada pariwisata yang ada di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Pada dinas ini terdapat beberapa bidang dalam menjalankan pengelolaan pariwisata salah satunya bidang pariwisata yang mana bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kontribusi sektor pariwisata di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Bidang pariwisata dalam mencapai tujuannya, tentu harus memiliki strategi dalam meningkatkan kontribusi sektor wisatanya. Salah satu dari strategi tersebut adalah membuat strategi pemasaran. Pemasaran yang tengah dijalankan oleh Bidang Pariwisata pada Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Bojonegoro melalui pemanfaatan digital marketing serta melakukan direct marketing dengan memberi brosur pada masyarakat ketika mengunjungi obyek wisata atau event pariwisata. Bersumber dari wawancara yang dilakukan, didapatkan bahwa strategi tersebut terus menerus dilakukan karena belum adanya gambaran lebih jelas mengenai strategi yang efektif dan efisien. Pengukuran kegiatan marketing yang dijalankan saat ini dapat dilihat dari realisasi jumlah kunjungan yang mana tidak adanya kestabilan jumlah pengunjung dimana grafik menunjukan naik turun terutama pada tahun 2021 jumlah pengunjung turun drastis. Maka dari itu, untuk menentukan strategi pemasaran perlu  dilaksanakan pengelompokan tempat wisata sesuai dengan kondisi dari data yang ada. Pengelompokan wisata dilakukan menggunakan teknik Data Mining menerapkan algoritma K-Means. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan dan perhitungan menggunakan K-Means menghasilkan 3 cluster.Sehingga, dengan adanya pengelompokan tempat wisata sesuai dengan kondisi dari data yang ada dapat menentukan strategi pemasaran perlu dilakukan dengan lebih efektif dan efisien.
Explanatory variables of educational innovation: A model based on personality traits
Authors: Monge López Carlos , Montalvo Saborido David , Torrego Seijo Juan Carlos , Fernández Batanero José María
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Innovation is a relevant concept in the field of education inasmuch as it refers to planned processes aimed at improving school organization, teachers’ professional development, student learning, and more. However, it is an element that is influenced by a wide variety of variables. Teachers’ personality traits are those elements that are capable of describing, explaining, and predicting their behaviour.
Method. The objective of this study is to offer a statistical model that explains teaching innovation factors based on teachers’ personality factors. A survey was carried out with 1,040 Spanish teachers in basic education. They were given the Teaching Innovation Factors Questionnaire and the 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire.
Results. The multiple linear regression analysis resulted in significant models to predict Institutional Participation (R2 = .16), Psychopedagogical Openness (R2 = .18), and Didactic Planning (R2 = .11). The first of these factors can be predicted based on the following personality traits: self-reliance, liveliness, openness to change, affability, social boldness, and perfectionism. The regression model for the second factor consists of openness to change, affability, dominance, liveliness, self-reliance, and stability. The third factor can be predicted based on openness to change, sensitivity, perfectionism, rule-consciousness, dominance, social daring, liveliness, and vigilance.
Discussion and Conclusion. In conclusion, some personality factors are part of models that can predict teaching innovation, especially the opening.
Self-efficacy, test anxiety and mathematics performance in Uruguayan adolescents exposed to community violence
Authors: Mels Cindy , Cuevasanta Diego , Ortuño Victor
Published: September 2023

Introduction.  Community violence exposure (CVE) during adolescence relates negatively with academic performance, yet little is known about the mechanisms that underlie this association. Research on self-regulated learning identifies self-efficacy and test anxiety as key for explaining academic performance, while the stress process model of children's exposure to violence provides a framework for understanding how these aspects of the learning process may be debilitated by CVE.
Method.  This study aims to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy and test anxiety in the relation between CVE and academic performance. In a sample of 110 adolescents from low-income neighborhoods in Montevideo, Uruguay, structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis that adolescents with higher CVE have lower self-efficacy and higher test anxiety, which in turn compromises their mathematics achievement. We also hypothesize an indirect negative effect of CVE on self-efficacy through test anxiety.
Results.  Our data confirm that CVE is associated with test anxiety and mathematics score, yet not self-efficacy. While both self-efficacy and test anxiety relate to mathematics score, our sample does not support an indirect effect of CVE on mathematics performance through these variables. Furthermore, analysis reveal a surprising positive – yet small – indirect effect of CVE on self-efficacy through test-anxiety.
Discussion and Conclusion.  As self-efficacy – a malleable tool for promoting academic outcomes – appears not directly related to CVE in our sample, it holds important potential for enhancing academic achievement in youth exposed to community violence. Implications for psycho-educational interventions are set forth.
Diseño y validación de la Escala de Convivencia Escolar en educación Secundaria del noroeste de México

Authors: Rodelo-Morales Norma Isabel , Fraijo-Sing Blanca Silvia , Tapia-Fonllem César Octavio
Published: September 2023

Introducción.  La convivencia escolar como punto importante en la calidad entre las interacciones es uno de los constructos más importantes en el análisis del comportamiento humano dentro del campo educativo (Cerda et al., 2019; Larios-Gómez, 2021).  Para medir este constructo, se diseñó y validó la Escala de Convivencia Escolar en Educación Secundaria.
Método.   La muestra se conformó por 641 estudiantes del noroeste de México (48% hombres, 52% mujeres, M edad=12.94 años).  Para revisión de sus propiedades psicométricas, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, la validez convergente, de contenido, así como la consistencia interna.
Resultados. Los resultados del análisis confirmatorio mostraron una estructura factorial similar a la originalmente diseñada de 15 factores, además de índices aceptables de consistencia interna.
Discusión y conclusiones.  A partir de estos resultados, se propone un instrumento válido para medir convivencia escolar en estudiantes de secundaria, de fácil comprensión y de respuesta rápida.
Qué procesos creativos intervienen en la realización de pruebas de pensamiento divergente
Authors: Ferrando Prieto Mercedes , Prieto Fernández María Dolores , Ferrándiz García Carmen
Published: September 2023

Introducción. La psicología cognitiva ha sido capaz de identificar algunos de los procesos creativos claves que ayudan al pensamiento en la solución original y valiosa de problemas. Según la psicología cognitiva no existe un único proceso mental que dé lugar a soluciones creativas, sino que la creatividad surge del uso combinado de estos procesos. El objetivo de esta investigación es indagar sobre qué procesos están más relacionados con un alto rendimiento en las pruebas de pensamiento divergente.
Método. Para ello un total de 122 alumnos de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 17 años (M=14.22; DT=1.44) cumplimentaron distintas tareas de pensamiento divergente que valoran las dimensiones de fluidez, flexibilidad, originalidad y elaboración.  Además, cumplimentaron la prueba Procesos Cognitivos Asociados a la Creatividad, CPAC (Miller, 2014) que valoran las dimensiones: generación de ideas; pensamiento metafórico y analógico; manipulación de ideas; imaginación; incubación; y flujo de ideas.
Resultados. Los resultados mostraron algunas correlaciones significativas pero muy débiles entre los procesos imaginación y fluir con algunas de las dimensiones del pensamiento divergente. Se establecieron dos grupos de alumnos: aquellos con mayor rendimiento creativo y aquellos con menor rendimiento creativo; y se realizaron análisis de diferencia de medias. Se encontró que no existían diferencias entre ambos grupos de alumnos.
Discusión o conclusión:  No habiendo encontrado ningún proceso creativo con más impacto sobre el pensamiento divergente, se discute la hipótesis de Pringle y Sowden (2007) que afirma que las personas creativas no se caracterizan pore el tipo de procesos que utilizan, sino por su facilidad para cambiar de un proceso a otro.
Inteligencia emocional en 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria. Percepción, comprensión y regulación de las emociones del alumnado en función del género, la edad y el contexto

Authors: López-Noguero Fernando , Gallardo-López José Alberto , Muñoz-Villaraviz David
Published: September 2023

Introducción. La educación emocional es un proceso educativo permanente, cuyo objetivo es desarrollar habilidades emocionales que capaciten al ser humano para la convivencia en sociedad, y que contribuyan a mejorar su bienestar personal y social. La educación en las escuelas, desde una perspectiva tradicional, se ha centrado durante muchos años en transmitir conocimientos y desarrollar aprendizajes sin tener mucho en cuenta los aspectos emocionales y sociales del alumnado.
Método. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar cómo los estudiantes de Educación Primaria perciben, comprenden y regulan sus emociones, evaluando sus niveles de atención emocional, claridad emocional y reparación de las emociones, observando si influye el sexo, la edad o el contexto de los centros educativos donde estudian. Para lograr el objetivo se aplicó la Trait Meta Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) a una muestra de 1091 estudiantes pertenecientes a 5º y 6º curso de Educación Primaria de centros públicos de la provincia de Sevilla (España). La metodología de investigación empleada responde a un diseño ex post facto, cuantitativo, transversal, y descriptivo. 
Resultados. Los resultados indican que, en líneas generales, los participantes presentan niveles adecuados en atención o percepción de las emociones, comprensión emocional y regulación emocional. Sin embargo, el género se muestra como una variable significativa, influyendo en cierto grado en los resultados obtenidos. Por otro lado, la edad también es una variable que incide en los resultados obtenidos en las dimensiones de análisis, resultando que a medida que aumenta la edad se obtienen menores puntuaciones en atención, comprensión y regulación de las emociones. Finalmente, el contexto educativo de los centros donde estudian los participantes también se ha revelado como un aspecto a tener en cuenta en los resultados de esta investigación.
Discusión y conclusiones. Como conclusiones generales, se puede señalar que la variable “género” influye, en cierta medida, en los resultados obtenidos en las diferentes dimensiones de análisis. Por lo que respecta a la variable “edad”, se comprueba que ésta presenta una alta correlación con las subescalas “percepción”, “comprensión” y “regulación”, concluyendo que, a mayor edad, menores puntuaciones. Del mismo modo, el contexto donde se ubica el centro educativo es un factor influyente en las capacidades de percepción, comprensión y regulación emocional de los estudiantes, según los datos obtenidos.
Task-Oriented Reading in Primary School. The Ability to Discriminate Relevant Content from Multiple Text of Fourth- and Sixth-Graders

Authors: Garcia-Rodicio Hector , Villalón Molina Ruth , Melero Zabal María Angeles , Izquierdo Magaldi María Belén
Published: September 2023

Introduction.  Multiple-text task-oriented reading is using several texts to perform an assigned task. It involves two core processes, namely, comprehending text contents and discriminating the text contents that are relevant for the task. We explored these two processes in primary school students.
Method.  We had 150 students from grades fourth (9-10 years old) and sixth (11-12 years old) use three texts to learn about an assigned question. After using the texts, they took a recall test, which required them to recall as much as possible about the question-relevant information, and a verification test, which required them to judge inferences from the text contents, both question-relevant and question-irrelevant, as true or false.
Results.  The participants performed worse in recall than in verification. The sixth-graders outperformed the fourth-graders in recall and, more clearly, in verification.
 
Discussion and Conclusion. The results suggest, first, that students are better able to comprehend text contents than to discriminate task-relevant content and, second, that both the ability to comprehend text content and the ability to discriminate task-relevant content improve throughout the school years but the former may develop faster.
Impacto do trabalho como fator determinante de depressão
Authors: Dunningham Willian Azevedo , Aguiar Wania Márcia de , Pinho Solange Tavares Rubim de , Dunningham Vicente de Aguiar
Published: September 2023

Introdução: A depressão vem sendo considerada, nas últimas décadas como um grave problema de saúde pública, impondo pesados encargos à sociedade, sendo a quarta causa de ônus social e levando a uma redução de 44% na expectativa de vida. A OMS projeta para 2020 uma piora desta situação. As condições de trabalho estão associadas intimamente ao desencadeamento e agravamento de quadros depressivos. O trabalho no setor bancário foi um dos que mais sofreram com as reformulações na sua organização administrativa a partir da década de 90 do século passado, principalmente com a automação, fazendo com que surgissem situações de agravamento à saúde mental do trabalhador. Objetivos: Realizar uma análise do discurso, de funcionários de bancos, buscando aprofundamento nas causas do seu adoecimento psíquico. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de caso de seis sujeitos, bancários, portadores de depressão, analisando o seu discurso acerca do adoecimento e relações no trabalho. Resultados: Todos os entrevistados relataram início dos sintomas depressivos decorrentes das situações envolvidas no trabalho e descreveram sentimentos do polo negativo do humor. Foram também relatadas diversas situações que incluíam assédio moral e humilhação no ambiente de trabalho com progressiva deterioração da qualidade de vida. Conclusões: São necessárias mudanças nas relações de trabalho dentro das organizações bancárias, com conscientização maior dos impactos das atitudes das organizações na saúde dos trabalhadores subordinados. Também é necessário mais estudos de longo prazo para que se possa reforçar esse nexo causal e embasar as propostas de mudanças das relações.
Spectrophotometric Assay ofMetoclopramide in PharmaceuticalPreparations
Authors: Taha Luma , T.Shaker Zeena , Sh.Mahmood Hana
Published: September 2023

A sinple and sensitive photometric rnethod for the trace determination of metoclopramide lras been worked olri .The rnethod is based on the diazotization reaction of the detet'tnination in acidic medium with the coupled o,-naphthol,to form purplisli violet water soiubie azo dye that shows maximurn absorption at 549nm with molir absorbtivity of 3.85x104 l.mol-l.cm-l.Bee.'s larv is obeyed over the concentration range 12.5-200pg of metoclopramide in final volume of 25m1,i.e.0.5-8pprn with the relative enor of -0.2 - +1.3 atrd a relative standard deviation 0.68-2.17%.Morever,the method does not require either temperature
water contamination with protozoa in Kirkuk province
Authors: Gargies Salman Yahya
Published: September 2023

A total cf 150 water samples examination in Kirkuk province were carried out using direct deposit examine microscopically, study parameters involves four type of water collections : direct (governmental pipes), indirect ( tank vehicle) ,well water & river water ( Khasah Sou), which divided in to four positions. The main aims of this study are to detect role of parasitic stages in contamination of water in Kirkuk Province & to assess the relationship between water contamination with protozoa & some water quality tests like (PH, Turbidity & chlorine percentages). The result of the study shows all rate of contamination 14%, which divided into 12 % & 2 % in urban area & rural area respectively ,P<0.05. River water shows high rate of contamination 12 %, followed by 1.33 % & 0.66% from direct (Governmental pipes) & well water respectively P<0.05.The rate of water turbidity was 10.66 % with high occurrence in river water 5.33 % & the lowest rate 0.66% was in wells. P<0.05.Abnormal chlorine percentage was seen in 6-water sample with the rate 4 % P>0.05. Abnormal PH of water samples were ranged from 5.23 to 10.3 which had no role in frequency of parasitic forms in ‘water, P<0.05.The more common parasitic forms that found are Entamoeba histolytica that was highly dominated in river water 12 % followed by Giardia lamblia 3.22%. Other microorganisms that are isolate include

Candida species 12.6 % and Paramecium 12%. Total rate of water contamination with microorganisms is 42 %.
Topical 20% Zinc Sulphate Solution in the Treatment of TeniaCorporis
Authors: K. Farhan Rafal , R. Sarhat Ashoor , S. Najem Wisam
Published: September 2023

Tenia corporis is still a very comlnon disease aTong Iraqi people with so many systernic and topical treatment. To evaluate the thelapeutic efica.y or rin. sulpliate ,otution i' the treatment of tenia corporis. Fofty five patients compleied the t,"Jv irr-iir*it teaching hospital, patients were divided in to two groups; Gioup A: thirty patients treated with topical zinc sulphate 20Yo Solution appliedlwice daily ior two weeks, Group B: fifteen patients treated witil topical distill r"uti. and used as a control group. All pa:tients were exatlined clinically atrd tnicrobiologically before treatment and after the 1rt*..[;;J t;; of tleatment. Group A, patients showed a clinical .ut. urt.r ll[-l;;;k of treatment rvhile tlie nricrobiological cure obtained after the 2"d *".k of treatment, a'd only few patients colnplained of rnild initation inthe.first few days of treatnient. croupn padents didrr't sliow neitlter clinical nor microbiological .ur.. So topical 20%o zinc sulphate solutiou is effective in the tt'eatment of tenia cJrporis with negligibie side eff'ects.
Anatomical and statistical study of hip joints in Iraqis
Authors: A. Abd-alla Moharnmad
Published: September 2023

As the environruerrt plays an important role in the development of hurnan being it was thought that the change in the environment rnight have led to some kind of change in the pararneters of the bony component of the hip joint. Therefore,54 cadaveric hip joints with soft tissue in situ n'cre studied. Dimensions of acetabulum and iemoral head were obtained rvith Vernier scale. It r,vas observed that these dimensions were greater in males when compared with that of fernales but the difference was statistically rion significant. On the left side the measured parameters were greater than those of the right side in both tlte sexes but of no statistical significance. Acetabular diarneter was greater than the diameter of l'emoral head in both tlre genders. Clinically, this knowledge plays an irnportaut role in understandiltg the occurrence of primary osteoarthrosis in Iraqis. The present study is of value to the forensic expefts, orthopaedicians and prosthetists as it gives the dimensions of acetabulr.rm arrd fenroral head
Formulation ancl Evaluation of a Topical Antioxidant Preparation
Authors: Ahmed Hassan Hassan , Muthana Yousif Emad , Ahmed Yas Ali
Published: September 2023

The aim of this work was to prepare the stable vitamin C rvater/oilirvater (w/o/w) multiple emulsions, to investigate the usage of poloxamine 908, to observe the influence of surfactant percentage on the properties of multiple emulsions. Multiple emulsions were prepared by liquid paraffin, cetyl dimethicone copolyol and poloxamine 908 by a two - step emulsification procedure. Vitamin C r,vas used as an antioxidant and r,vater - soluble model. The viscosity, conductivity and globule size of multiple emulsions rvere follor,ved over time. The formulations containing 1o/o cetyl dimethicone copolyol and I or Zoh poloxamine 908 lvere the most stable systems. The globule size of multiple emulsions ranged from 20 to 37 pm and did not change during time. The yield of multiple en-rulsions rvas betrveen 99.6Yo and 98.7o/o. The conductivity increased and the viscosity of systems decreased during time. Increase in poloxamine 908 influenced the viscosity of the system, rvith the viscosity decreasing as the hydrophitic surfactant concentrations were increased. Vitamin C rclease lronr the multiple emulsions u'as slow'; the release rvas aft'ccted by both surlactant concentratior.rs. Poloxanrirre 908 could be used as a hydrophilic surfactant for formulation of rv/o/rv multiple emulsions. The concentration of poloxanrine 908 was a very important parameter in preparing stable multiple enrulsions. It 'uvas concluded that vitamin C might be transported out by molecular diffusion and through a reverse micellar mechanism controlled by the viscosity of the system
Serological Cross Reaction among Sonle Causative Agents of WomenAbortions (Toxoplasma gondii & Cytomegalo Virus & Rubella Virus),rvith the Incidence of Hepatitis Virus (B &C)
Authors: Gargies Salman Yahya
Published: September 2023

Primary maternal infection with infectious agents of abortions in women is frequently associated with transplacental transmission to the fetus. This study was conducted to test the utility ELISA assay to detect recent infection with Toxoplasma (TOXO), Rubella virus (RV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), the incidence of viral hepatitis B (HBS) & C (HCV) in addition the determination of cross reactivity among serological tests. Three hundred forty three women with high risk of pregnancy (who had previous recurrent abortion & congenital abnormalities) & 60 normal pregnancies (control) were tested for the presence of the tests that described in above. The all rate of infectious agents was 22.15 % that divided into 8.88%, 8.02% & 4.84 % for RV, CMV, & Toxo antibodies respectively. Igm Ab of RV(31.5%) was higher than CMV( 17.6%) & Toxo( 3.39% ) P<0.05.While IgG Ab shows the reveres as 17% for Toxo, followed by 6.75% & 7.89 % for RV& CMV respectively P<0.05. Relationship between distribution of Toxo Ab concerning age was not significant P>0.05. incidence of HCV shows equality rates 2.63% within sero-positive Toxo,RV&CMYV, while HBS shows high occurrence in sero-positive for RV ( 5.26%) than in sero- positive for Toxo & CMV(1.31% )P<0.05. Relationship between frequency of abortions & stillbirthsé& infectious agents was significant P<0.05. In addition .relationship between women occupations & frequency of scro-positive reveals significance P<0.05 especially in sera of homemakers (housewives) than other women occupations. Control groups were negative for viral hepatitis &Toxo, except few cases>0.05.
Measurement of CD4 and CD8 in Cutaneous Leishmanisis Patientsand their Relation tvith Zn Deficiency
Authors: A. Salman and Azad Kamal Abed , R. Sarhat Ashoor , S. Aswed Al-Obaidi Hussein
Published: September 2023

Cutaneous leishmainasis still is a common skin infection worldwide and because it's type and of clinical course depends on patient's immune system which in turn affected by zinc. To assess the relation of serum zinc, CD4", and CD8" with the disease. A total of 107 patients with CL were studied during period between October/2004-April/2005 in the dermatology department of Al- Haweja general hospital. Patients were divided in to two groups according to immune system development and Zn requirement. Sixty healthy individuals were used as control group, and divided into two groups, first groups 20 individuals' ages ranging from 1-15 years and second groups above 15 years their ages ranging from 16 to 60 years and sub-divided into 20 males and 20 females. After history and examination confimation of diagnosis made by skin smears. Serum zinc level and CD4* and CD8" were done for all patients and control. The mean of serum Zn concentration in patients above 15 years of age was significantly low 7.61 = 0.03 pmol / | for male, and 6.69+ 0.31 for female in comparison to 14.08 = 0.04 pmol/l for male, and 12.02 + 0.02 for female in similar control group. The mean percent of CD4" in patients above 15 years of age was significantly low 36.5 + 0.98% for male, and 36.29 = 0.06 % for female in comparison to 59.95 = 0.16%% for male, and 58.90.14 % for female in similar control group. The mean percent of CDS” in patients above 15 years of age was significantly low 22.37+0.05% for male, and 22.47£0.04% for female in comparison to 30.95%0.12% for male, and 31.15%0.15% for female in similar control group. The CD4"/CDS§" ratio mean in patients above 15 years of age was significantly low 1.63+0.004 for male, and 1.6£0.004 for female in comparison to 1.94+0.01 for male, and 1.890.01for female in similar control group. All patients with CL have zinc deficiency, and have decreased in CD4', CDS", and decreased CD4"/CD8" T lymphocytes.
Evidence of Multi-clrug resistant group G streptococci (GGS) in thePediatrics Ward at Tikrit Teaching Hospital
Authors: Akbar Anwar Sheelan , Hamdi Jasim Noor , Bahjat Issa Sinan
Published: September 2023

During period of Ten months, 200 cases of clinically suspected neonatal septicemia in Kirkuk city were included in this study. The aim of the study was to identify the causative agents of neonatal septicemia and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Blood culture was positive in 79 (39.5%) neonates, 50(63.3%) of them were males and 29(36.7%)were females. Out of 79 positive cases, 53(67.1%) had early-onset septicemia and 26(32.9%) had late-onset septicemia. Gram-negative bacteria were encountered ‘in more than 90 % of these neonates. While gram-positive bacteria represented by Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 5(6.3%) of neonates only. According to antibiotic susceptibility test it was found that the most effective drug was cefotaxime followed by ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. While most of the isolates were resistant to commonly used antibiotics like Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Tetracyclin, and erythromycin.
Sertoli Cell Only Syndrome with Adenomatous Hyperplasia of Rete Testis – A Rare Combination of Two Benign Pathologies
Authors: Balakrishnan Padmapriya , Sharmila Vijayan , Babu Thirunavukkarasu Arun
Published: September 2023

Cryptorchidism is a common congenital anomaly and is associated with numerous pathological changes in gross morphology and histology of testis. Adenomatous hyperplasia of rete testis and sertoli cell only syndrome is rare benign histological changes in undescended testis. We report a case of undescended testis showing adenomatous hyperplasia of rete testis and sertoli cell only syndrome in a 13-year-old male in view of rare incidence, coexistence and also to insist on complete histopathological examination of undescended testis irrespective of presence of gross pathology.
A Literature Review of Nurses Challenges and Barriers in Assisting Patients and Families Facing Breaking Bad News
Authors: Wahyuni Surya , Gautama Made Satya Nugraha , Simamora Tiur Yulianta
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

Breaking bad news (BBN) is a challenging task for healthcare professionals, including nurses. The manner in which bad news is delivered can have a significant impact on patients and their families, either positive or negative. Understanding the roles, methods, obstacles, and challenges that nurses face in the process of delivering bad news is crucial for improving the quality of the delivery process.

Material and Methods:

This narrative review synthesises related studies. The search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Sage, with no restriction on publication year. The main keywords were ‘nurse’s challenge’, ‘nurse’s barrier’, ‘bad news’, ‘breaking bad news’, and ‘communicating bad news.’ A total of 12 articles were selected from 1075 articles.

Results:

Nurses play a key role in BBN before, during and after the process. Their activities include preparing patients to receive bad news, supporting patients and families when doctors deliver bad news and clarifying information obtained by patients and families regarding the prognosis of their illness. Nurses should possess skills such as building interpersonal relationships, therapeutic communication and providing emotional care for patients and their families. The main challenges and barriers for nurses in implementing BBN are due to a lack of skills and unpreparedness for patient and family reactions. After BBN, the most reported roles of nurses were supporting patients and families and helping them understand the information received from doctors. It is essential for nurses to have the necessary skills and preparedness to effectively deliver bad news to patients and their families.

Conclusion:

Nurses play a crucial role in delivering bad news to patients and their families. They should be equipped with the necessary skills to effectively communicate with patients and their families during this difficult time. Further training for nurses in therapeutic communication, emotional care for patients and their families, and building interpersonal relationships could help to improve the quality of the delivery process.