bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the role of motivation in shaping future primary school teachers' professional competence in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kereibaeva Anar , Zhailauova Manat , Baimaganbetova Zhuldyzai , Abuova Ainagul , Utegenov Zhetkergen
Published: May 2024

The issue of developing the professional competence of teachers is one of the priorities in the Kazakhstani education system. One of the most significant challenges in the context of improving abilities is increasing students' motivation.  This study aims to examine the role of motivation in shaping future primary school teachers' professional competence. The methods of multivariate correlation analysis, a method for finding structure diagrams of motives and their integral subsystems with their subsequent analysis were used to conduct the study. The research was conducted at the Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University (Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan). A sample of 57 participants was used for the study. The majority of respondents were female (92.36%) and male (7.64%). According to the study, it has been found that the main reason for studying among students is to receive vocational training in order to find a good and well-paid job which provides the opportunity to use personal abilities and receive higher education in their specialty. Following the findings of this study, practical recommendations are offered to increase student motivation as a factor in developing professional competence.  The developed assessment-criteria diagnostic tools can be used in pedagogical monitoring in universities and in advanced training courses for teachers.
Principals’ leadership skills to meet the national strategy for education in basic schools
Authors: Ajmi Hadi Rashed Al
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is to investigate the principals' leadership skills in elementary schools to meet the national educational strategy outcomes based on the teachers' views. A quantitative- descriptive approach was applied. The questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was measured and the reliability results using Cronbach alpha were 0.948 for educational leadership skills and 0.859 for educational outcomes. The questionnaire was distributed in both male and female schools. A random sample of 385 teachers was included. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling to measure the effects of different variables. The findings indicated that the teachers in the sample had five to fifteen years of experience.  The teachers showed principals in the elementary schools have moderate educational leadership (3.39). The results showed that the highest trait that existed among the principals was crisis management with a high-weight regression coefficient (0.693), visionary leadership (0.653) and ethical leadership (0.601). The effect of adaptability, communication skills and strategic planning was less. The least common  traits among the principals of elementary schools were emotional intelligence and decision-making skills. The research suggested establishing a programme for elementary school principals to develop their leadership skills in order to support the achievement of national educational objectives.
Study on Varied Bagasse Fiber and Epoxy Resin Compositions with Rice Bran Filler to Biocomposite Characteristics
Authors: Budiyati Eni , Saputri Fauzia Zeinandi , Prasasti Radeva Intan Kurnia , Elwin Muhammad Rishad
Published: May 2024

Natural fibers, with environmental, economic, and cost advantages, are highly sought-after for biocomposite materials. In the present study, the biocomposite samples of epoxy resin (as a matrix), bagasse fiber (as reinforcement), and rice bran (as a filler) were prepared. Tensile strength, strain, and Young's modulus will be the parameters concerning which the quality of the biocomposite can be tested. On the one hand, bagasse fiber is to be a strength enhancer in the resulting biocomposite. On the other hand, rice bran may increase the biocomposite's density. The process research comprises fiber yarn from milled bagasse, alkalized fiber with KMnO4, specimen printing process, and analysis. All the fibers were treated by soaking them in 3 grams of KMnO4 solution for 30 and 45 minutes. The fiber is drained in an oven at 50 °C for ±1.5 hours. The printed fiber onto a specimen mold was printed with a mixture of epoxy resin and rice bran (1:1 w/w) and left for one day. Variation in the fiber mass was at 3, 4, and 5 grams. The sizes of the specimens were similar to the size of the mold according to ASTM D-638 type IV. Then, the fibers were removed from the mold and tested for tensile strength, strain, and Young's modulus. The results show that the greater the fiber mass, the greater the tensile strength value. These findings indicate that the tensile strength was optimized after soaking for 45 minutes with 5-gram fiber weight, which resulted in the tensile strength of 26.32±0.25 MPa, strain of 9.65±0.14%, Young's Modulus of 3.29±0.05 MPa, and water absorption of 41.99%.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Extract Characterization for Corrosion Inhibitor using Microwave-Assisted Extraction
Authors: Paramitha Tifa , Luviana Angely , Putri Angelina , Reynaldi Randi , Azzahra Rafila Chika , Paramitha Tika , Sihombing Rony Pasonang
Published: May 2024

Metallic corrosion, the deterioration process induced by the interaction between metals and corrosive environments, poses a significant challenge to material integrity and longevity. Corrosion inhibitors have been identified as an effective approach among various mitigation strategies. Natural extracts, such as those derived from turmeric/Curcuma longa, have garnered attention for their potential as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. This study endeavors to extract, characterize, and evaluate turmeric extract's efficacy as a corrosion inhibitor within a 30% acetic acid solution. Employing microwave-assisted extraction with a 96% ethanol solvent facilitated the isolation of the extract, which was subsequently subjected to qualitative analysis through phytochemical screenings and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). These analyses confirmed the presence of antioxidative phytochemicals, including alkaloids, terpenoids, turmeronoids, curcumin, sesquiterpenoids, and phenols. The corrosion inhibitory properties of turmeric extract were assessed via immersion and flow loop experiments, revealing a notable reduction in corrosion rates—from 0.1540 mm/year to 0.0801 mm/year in immersion tests and from 5.3747 mm/year to 2.9369 mm/year in flow loop tests. Such outcomes underscore turmeric extract's potential as a viable corrosion inhibitor, attributed primarily to the chemical interactions facilitated by curcumin's phenolic and carbonyl groups with the metal surface, thereby enhancing protective efficacy. The inhibitor efficiency was quantified at 47.9743% and 45.3565% for immersion and flow loop tests, highlighting the extract's substantial inhibitory performance.
Utilization of Xylanase Enzymes Derived from Cassava in the Eco-Friendly Biobleaching of Pulp
Authors: Fuadi Ahmad Muhammad , Az Zahra Dita Aulia , Farha Saniya , Kunarfian Krisna Artur , Dewi Tiara Nilawati , Susanti Dwi
Published: May 2024

The demand for paper has been increasing over time, leading to the pulp and paper industry becoming one of the largest contributors to global carbon emissions due to the chlorine-based bleaching process, particularly in Indonesia. An alternative to minimize chlorine usage involves using xylanase enzymes as part of the bleaching sequence. Xylanase can be produced from agricultural waste, including cassava residue, which contains a significant concentration of xylanase, approximately 21.3%. However, it still needs to be utilized in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to explore the production of xylanase enzymes from cassava residue and assess its effectiveness in the biobleaching process of pulp. The research methodology includes the production phase of xylanase enzymes by Aspergillus niger, chelating, bleaching sequence, bleaching, kappa number, and chemical saving assay. In the production of xylanase, the study determined that xylanase exhibits optimal activity under specific conditions, notably at a pH of 6 and a temperature of 60°C. Under these parameters, the enzymatic activity reached a level of 0.4986 U/mg protein. During the bleaching sequence, xylanase was used with doses of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, and 1 L/T pulp at 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, and 70°C for 60 minutes. Following this process, bleaching was conducted at 65°C for 70 minutes, extraction at 80°C for 90 minutes, and a second bleaching phase. Subsequently, a kappa number test was performed, revealing the best kappa value at 60°C with a xylanase dose of 0.5 L/T pulp, reducing from an initial kappa number of 9 to 4.04. Additionally, under these conditions and dosage, xylanase enzymes could save approximately 23.67% in chlorine usage
Increasing High School Students' Creativity in Local Wisdom-Based Environmental Studies Through the Project-Based Learning Model
Authors: Arfida Herni , Gani Abdul , Susilawati Susilawati , Khaldun Ibnu , Yusrizal Yusrizal
Published: May 2024

Enhancing creativity through education enriched with local wisdom is essential, allowing students to delve into new ideas and information about chemical concepts through everyday phenomena. This research investigates the impact of a Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model infused with local wisdom on student creativity. A quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control groups was utilized. The participants were eleventh-grade students selected via purposive sampling. The study employed questionnaires and observation sheets as instruments. The procedure demonstrated that PjBL, enriched with local wisdom, significantly fosters student creativity by supporting authentic learning experiences and encouraging innovative ideas. In contrast, direct instruction predominantly centers on teacher-led activities, with minimal direct student engagement. The data analysis included average difference tests, N-gain, and percentage analysis. Results indicated a notable improvement in student creativity within the PjBL group compared to the control, with statistical significance at 0.000 < 0.05. N-gain scores were medium (0.44) for the experimental group and low (0.25) for the control. Creativity scores in the experimental group were high across all indicators—preparation, person, process, product, and press—ranging from 93.6 to 96.8. In contrast, the control group scored in the medium range from 66.7 to 72.6. This evidence suggests that the PjBL model effectively enhances student creativity by contextually integrating hydrocarbon chemical concepts with local wisdom. Therefore, this approach achieves curriculum goals and motivates educators and students to embrace and apply local wisdom creatively in their learning processes.
Particle Size Modification of Breadfruit Starch (Artocarpus altilis) into Nanoparticle Size Through Top Down Technique using Acid Hydrolysis
Authors: Nasution Asri Alfiyah Ningsih , Zuhra Cut Fatimah , Tarigan Juliati Br.
Published: May 2024

<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-US">Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a significant starch source, comprising up to 70.25% of its composition, and holds extensive industrial applications. However, the physicochemical properties of natural starch pose several challenges to its direct use as an industrial raw material. These challenges include high viscosity, substantial swelling power, low solubility, significant retrogradation, limited digestibility, and poor thermal stability. To address these issues, modification of the starch particle size to the nanometer scale is proposed, which is anticipated to enhance both functional and physicochemical properties. This study employs a top-down approach through 2.2 N HCl acid hydrolysis at 38°C for 24 hours. This method offers simplicity, efficiency for scale-up in industrial applications, and relatively higher stability than alternative approaches. Particle size analysis using Particle Size Analysis (PSA) revealed an average particle size of 215 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy showed characteristic bands similar to natural starch, with slight variations in peak intensity, indicating successful acid hydrolysis and structural disruption of the molecular order. Morphological analysis revealed minimal changes in the granules' surface structure, with clumping observed due to acid hydrolysis. The resultant starch nanoparticles exhibited decreased viscosity and swelling while solubility was enhanced. Therefore, nanoparticle starch holds promising applications in food and non-food industries<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-ID; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">.
Trends of Physics Critical Thinking Skill Research in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Santri Adi Putri  , Nisa Khairun , Kuswanto Heru
Published: May 2024

Critical thinking skills are fundamental in 21st-century teaching. This study aims to identify trends in research on critical thinking skills in physics in Indonesia, as reported in journal articles published between 2016 and 2022. This is meta-analysis research using the Prisma model. There were 36 articles that met the selection criteria. We performed the data analysis manually and used VOSviewer software. The indicators used for data analysis include the year, type of research, research subject, topic, treatment, data collection instrument, and the application of data analysis in each article. The analysis of article reviews reveals that the research trend for critical thinking skills in physics in Indonesia has increased, with more publications expected in 2020. Temperature and heat are the physics topics that have become the focus of research. High school students in grade X are the most frequently selected research subjects. Research on physics education typically employs quantitative methods, employs a quasi-experimental design, and utilizes a test as a data collection instrument. The most common method of data analysis in research is the t-test.
Development Of Learning Tools In The Cooperative Think Pair Share (TPS) Model Integrated With Huyula Values Reviewed From The Cognitive Aspect
Authors: Rahim Nur Ain , Odja Abdul Haris , Uloli Ritin , Abdjul Tirtawaty
Published: May 2024

This study aims to describe the validity and practicality of the learning tool of the Think Pair Share (TPS) cooperative model integrated with huyula values (cooperation). This development research implemented the ADDIE model involving 25 students in grades VIII-3, SMP Negeri 1 TAPA. The results showed that (1) the learning tools developed obtained a percentage of 3.48% with valid categories. (2) the implementation (practicality) of learning obtained a percentage of 88.98% with the "very good" category, and the response of students obtained 83.91% with the "good" category.
Blood on the Edge: Proteomic Analyses of Neolithic Arrowheads from the Negev
Authors: Rosen STEVEN A , Zilberstein Svetlana , Righetti Pier Giorgio , Zilberstein Gleb , Birkenfeld Michal
Published: May 2024

In spite of its centrality in understanding the human condition, the archaeological study of conflict and interpersonal violence in human prehistory1,2,3,4 has always been limited by the scarcity and ambiguity of direct evidence2,5. Proteomic analysis of residues from artifacts has been applied to a range of materials6,7,8, but rarely to stone tools, and even more rarely to arrowheads. Here we demonstrate the common use of flint arrowheads as both weapons and hunting implements. Analysis of eight points from the small Negev Neolithic site of Nahal Issaron9 (c. 9000 to 8000 BP) showed protein residues deriving from humans, goat, gazelle, hyrax, dormouse, sparrow hawk, and fox, all the arrowheads but one yielding multiple signals. Human protein residues from internal tissues were found on four of the eight arrowheads studied, attesting to their common use as weapons in conflicts, even among early, small-scale hunter-gatherer/early pastoralist desert societies. Residues from Capra hircus attest to an early 9th millennium BP introduction of the domestic goat into the Negev. Hunting of wild animals, butchering, and perhaps a trade in raptor feathers and talons can also be adduced. The reuse of the arrowheads on different species, and their utilization for multiple functions was unexpected, reflecting their great value. Beyond the substantive results, as non-invasive and non-destructive, the EVA method shows great promise for application to larger samples and other chipped stone tools.
Kırmızı Lahana Ekstraktının Kitosan-Nişasta Filmlerin Karakteristik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Yıldırım Yalçın Meral
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışmada, kırmızı lahana ekstraktı (hacimce %5, 10 ve 15 oranlarında) eklenmiş kitosan ve nişasta filmler hazırlanarak filmlerin kalınlık, yoğunluk, suda çözünürlük ve şişme gibi fiziksel özellikleri, su buharı geçirgenliği, opaklık ve mekanik (kopma mukavemeti ve kopma anındaki maksimum uzama) özellikleri karakterize edilmiştir. Ayrıca filmlerin toplam fenolik madde ve monomerik antosiyanin içerikleri ve farklı pH’larda 48 saat boyunca fenolik salımları incelenmiştir. Kırmızı lahana eksrakt miktarının artmasıyla filmlerin kalınlık ve suda çözünürlük değerleri artarken, suda şişme değerleri azalmıştır (p<0.05). Su buharı geçirgenlik özellikleri ekstrakt ilavesinden etkilenmemiştir (p>0.05). Ekstrakt miktarının artmasıyla daha opak filmler elde edilmiştir (p<0.05). Kopma anındaki maksimum uzama miktarı %10-15 ekstrakt içeren filmlerde azalırken (p<0.05) kopma mukavemetinde değişiklik gözlenmemiştir (p>0.05). Ekstrakt miktarı %10-15 olan filmlerde asidik ortamda fenolik madde salımı olduğu görülmüştür.
Sentaktik Köpük Eğri Kirişlerin Diferansiyel Quadrature Metodu ile Serbest Titreşim Analizi
Authors: Maraş Sinan
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışmada, iki ucu basit mesnetli sınır şartına sahip sentaktik köpük eğri kirişlerin serbest titreşim analizleri Diferansiyel Qaudrature metodu (DQM) ile nümerik olarak incelenmiştir. Yer değiştirme alanı, klasik kiriş teorisine göre ifade edilmiş; Newton’un hareket yasaları kullanılarak hareket denklemleri elde edilmiştir. Bu amaçla, MATLAB kullanılarak bir DQM kodu geliştirilmiş ve epoksi/cam mikro balon (MB) bazlı sentaktik köpük eğri kirişlerin MB hacim oranları, MB yoğunlukları gibi malzeme parametrelerinin ve eğrilik açısı ve eğrilik yarıçapı gibi geometrik parametrelerinin serbest titreşim analizi üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek için yapıların doğal frekansları elde edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, MB hacim oranlarının, yoğunluklarının ve eğri kirişin geometrik özelliklerinin sentaktik köpük eğri kirişlerin titreşim davranışlarını önemli ölçüde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Fenamifos’un Sıçan Kan ve Dalak Dokusunda Sebep Olduğu Oksidatif Stres Üzerine Naringenin’in Koruyucu Rolü
Authors: Karaboduk Hatice , Adıgüzel Çağlar , Apaydın Fatma Gökçe , Kalender Suna , Uzunhisarcikli Meltem , Kalender Yusuf
Published: May 2024

Organofosfatlı bir insektisit olan fenamifos, tarım alanlarında sıklıkla kullanılmakta, çevre ve halk sağlığı açısından çeşitli sorunlar meydana getirmektedir. Naringenin, antikanser, antiinflamatuvar, antioksidan ve antiproliferatif aktivitelere sahip bir flavonondur. Bu çalışmanın amacı sıçanların kan ve dalak dokusunda fenamifos kaynaklı oksidatif stres üzerine naringeninin koruyucu rolünü araştırmaktır. Bu çalışmada sıçanlar her grupta 6 adet olacak şekilde 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. 1. grup: kontrol grubu, 2. grup: fenamifos (0.76 mg/kg v.a.) muameleli grup, 3. grup: naringenin (50 mg/kg v.a.) muameleli grup 4. grup: fenamifos (0.76 mg/kg v.a.) ve naringenin (50 mg/kg v.a.) muameleli grup. Maddeler deney hayvanlarına 28 gün boyunca gavaj yolu ile verilmiştir. Fenamifos muameleli grup, kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında MDA, IL-17 ve 8-OHdG düzeylerinde kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış gözlenirken (p<0.05), SOD, CAT, GPx ve GST enzim aktivitelerinde ise istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir azalma gözlenmiştir (p<0.05). Naringenin muameleli grup, fenamifos muameleli grup ile karşılaştırıldığında, parametrelerde anlamlı bir iyileşme gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada fenamifosun sıçanların kan ve dalak dokusunda oluşturduğu toksisiteye karşı, antioksidan özellikleri güçlü naringenin uygulamasının oksidatif hasarı önemli ölçüde azalttığı gözlenmiştir.
Diyarbakır İlinde Mercimek Ürününe Karışan Yabancı Ot Tohumlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: Uruç Berat , Bozdoğan Olcay
Published: May 2024

Çalışma Diyarbakır ilinde mercimeğe karışan yabancı ot tohumlarını belirlemek amacıyla 2019-2020 yılında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla Diyarbakır iline bağlı Merkez ve merkeze uzak olan toplam 14 ilçede 150 tarım işletmesinden hasat sonrası depolanmış mercimek ürününden birer kilogramlık mercimek numuneleri alınmıştır. Mercimek numuneleri içerisindeki yabancı ot tohumları ve sağlam daneler birbirinden ayrılmış, daha sonra farklı gözenek çapına sahip elek sisteminden geçirilmiştir. Eleklerin ayırt edemediği tohumlar tek tek elle seçilerek ayıklanmıştır. Daha sonra tohumlar tek tek sayılarak kayıt altına alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, Diyarbakır ilinde mercimek ürününe 11 familyaya dahil 27 cinse ait 29 yabancı ot türünün tohumlarının karıştığı belirlenmiştir. Rastlama sıklıklarına göre çok yaygın (ÇY) olan türler sırasıyla Boynuzlu yoğurt otu (Galium tricornutum Dandy) (%98.00), Tarla düğün çiçeği (Ranunculus arvensis L.) (%92.66), Kendi gelen buğday (Triticum sp.), Pelemir (Cephalaria syriaca L.) (%72.66), Yabani hardal (Sinapis arvensis L.) (%67.33), Trakya hardalı (Neslia apiculata Fisch.) (%64.00) ve Duvar arpası (Hordeum murinum L.) (%62.66) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Mercimeğe karışan yabancı ot tohumları arasında ilk sırayı 774.78 adet/kg ile Serçe dili (Stellaria media (L.) Vill)’nin aldığı belirlenmiştir. Bunu sırasıyla Yabani hardal (S. arvensis) (365.67 adet/kg), Boynuzlu yoğurt otu (G. tricornutum) (364.42 adet/kg), Dilkanatan (Galium aparine L.) (331.12 adet/kg) ve R. arvensis (320.67 adet/kg) takip etmiştir. Ürüne karışma miktarı ve karışma oranı bakımından ilk sırayı S. media (9.84 g/kg ve %0.98) almakta ve bunu sırasıyla G. tricornutum (7.09 g/kg ve %0.70), R. arvensis (6.67 g/kg ve %0.66) ve G. aparine (5.56 g/kg ve %0.55) türleri izlemiştir. 1000 g mercimek ürünü içinde ortalama 2615.793 adet yabancı ot tohumu ve bunların ortalama ağırlığının 53.110 (%5.448) g/kg olduğu saptanmıştır. Üreticilere yabancı ot tohumlarından ari sertifikalı tohumluk ve herbisite tolerant mercimek çeşitleri kullanmaları tavsiye edilmektedir.
Toplu Ulaşım Sistemlerinde Verimliliğin Artırılması Amacıyla Makine Öğrenmesi Yöntemlerinden Yararlanılması
Authors: Kuşkapan Emre
Published: May 2024

Günlük ulaşım için toplu taşıma araçları sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Karayolu ulaşımında bu araçlar arasında en çok kullanılan türlerden biri otobüslerdir. Otobüsler, arabalardan çok daha fazla yolcu kapasitesine sahip olduğu için bu taşıtların sürücüleri çok daha fazla sorumluluk almaktadır. Yolculuk esnasında her yolcunun rahat, dakik ve güvenli ulaşımının sağlanması otobüs şoförlerinin sorumluluğundadır. Bu sorumlulukların fazlalığı otobüs şoförlerini psikolojik olarak etkileyebilmektedir. Bununla birlikte yaptıkları işin yorucu olması sebebiyle zaman zaman agresif tavırlar sergileyebilmektedirler. Yolculuk sırasında sürücü ile yolcu arasında çıkabilecek herhangi bir tartışma, çeşitli sorunlara neden olabilmektedir. Otobüslerinin içerisine yerleştirilen çok sayıda kamera ile sürücü ve yolcu davranışları gözlemlenebilmektedir. Bu uygulamanın yapıldığı kentlerden biri olan Erzurum’da Büyükşehir Belediyesi tarafından toplu taşıma otobüslerdeki denetimler raporlanmaktadır. Bu raporlar incelendiğinde kentte son 3 yıl içerisinde otobüs şoförleri ve yolcular arasında toplam 1068 adet tartışmanın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, bu tartışmalar içeriklerine göre 13 kategoriye ayrılarak oluşturulan eğitim setindeki veriler makine öğrenmesi yöntemleriyle analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarında naive bayes algoritmasının en başarılı performans ortaya koyduğu görülmüştür. Tüm verilerin bu algoritma ile dağılımı yapıldığında tartışmalarda en fazla pay sahibi olan sürücü ve yolcu kaynaklı problemler ortaya konmuştur. Sonuçlar yorumlandığında toplu taşıma ulaşımının daha verimli şekilde gerçekleşebilmesi ve sürücü-yolcu tartışmalarının azaltılabilmesi için birtakım tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur.
Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Moment-Carrying Capacities of Reinforced Concrete Frame Systems Corroded by Accelerated Corrosion Method
Authors: Turan Ahmet İhsan , Ayaz Yaşar , Yalçıner Hakan , Kumbasaroğlu Atila , Çelik Alper
Published: May 2024

Technical investigations carried out after the devastating earthquakes in Turkey in the last 25 years show that one of the main causes of damage to reinforced concrete structures is reinforcement bar corrosion. The deterioration caused by reinforcement corrosion in reinforced concrete elements reduces the parameters that define the performance level of the structure, such as ductility, stiffness, bond-slip relationship, load carrying capacity, and energy absorption capacity. Therefore, determining the specified performance levels of reinforced concrete structures exposed to corrosion before any seismic activity occurs is of great importance in preventing loss of life and property. Cross-section behavior in reinforced concrete structures represents the load-bearing element behavior In order to accurately determine the section behavior, the Moment-Curvature relationship must be defined. In this study, the structural behavior of reinforced concrete frames exposed to corrosion was examined experimentally and analytically. For this purpose, 4 of the 5 reinforced concrete frame specimens constructed were corroded at different ratios using the accelerated corrosion method. After the corrosion process was completed, in the experimental part of the study, all specimens were tested under the effect of a 20% constant axial load and reversal-cyclic loading. In the analytical study, as a result of the cross-sectional analyzes carried out by taking into account the material-mechanical properties changing with the effect of corrosion, it was determined that the calculated moment values were in high predicted with the experimentally measured moment values.
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus: From Genomic Insights to Control Strategies
Authors: Keşkek Türk Yonca , Kacı Fatma Necmiye
Published: May 2024

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a life-threatening arthropod-borne virus transmitted by tick bites or contact with blood or tissues of viraemic individuals and animals. CCHFV continues its existence in a broad region with sporadic cases or outbreaks. CCHFV infection is observed frequently as an asymptomatic, but sudden severe disease characterised by haemorrhagic can occur. Diagnostic methods employ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Although ribavirin has been recommended in treatment besides supportive therapy approaches, no antiviral or vaccine for CCHF is currently approved. This review demonstrates general knowledge of CCHFV, summarising its molecular biology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology, sustaining and transmission, treatment and prevention strategies, including vaccine candidates.
Palynological Investigation of Some Astragalus L. Species Distributed in Şanlıurfa
Authors: Altın Fatma , Akan Hasan , Çeter Talip
Published: May 2024

In this study, pollen morphologies of 5 species (Astragalus guttatus Banks & Sol., A. cretaceus Boiss., A. caprinus L., A. brachystachys DC. and A. ancistrocarpus Boiss. & Hausskn.) belonging to the Astragalus genus of the family Fabaceae, which are distributed in Şanlıurfa province, were exemined by light and electron microscope. As a result of the study, it was determined that the pollen of the taxa were monad, radial symmetrical and isopolar. Pollen of all studied species are trizonocolporate, colpus length (Clg) 16.5-27.62 µm, colpus width (Clt) 2.15-4.16 µm, pore length (Plg) 6.69-9.32 µm, pore width (Plt) was detected between 6.69-11.44 µm. Polar axis length was measured between 19.23-33.66 µm and equatorial axis diameter was measured as 14.95-28.61 µm. Ornamentation was determined as psilate, psilate-perforate, psilate-microreticulate, microreticulate in the polar region and aperture surround the while microreticulate in the equatorial region. As a result of the study, it was determined that the characters such as pollen shape, pollen size and surface ornamentation differ between species and these characters have taxonmic value in the systematic separation of species.
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Systems: A fundamental Overview of Small-scale Applications Fuelled by Low-grade Heat Sources
Authors: Tiltay Celal
Published: May 2024

Environmental issues shift energy production from conventional methods to new and more efficient alternatives. One of these alternatives is the use of organic Rankine cycles (ORC) in low-grade heat sources to generate both heat and power at small scales. Among different technologies available for this purpose, ORC-based systems seem to be the most suitable and promising option due to their simplicity and versatility. Thus, such systems have been investigated intensively. However, current studies often focus on only one aspect of these systems due to the massive research scale in this field. Therefore, this study aims to provide a fundamental and holistic overview to evaluate ORC-based low-heat sourced and small-scale applications from multiple perspectives. As a result, the basic operating principles and application areas of ORCs, selection and design criteria of their working fluids and all other system components, methods of improving their performance, and other thermodynamic cycles that can be ORC alternatives are examined in detail. The results of this study show that ORC applications can enable small-scale combined heat and power generation, while geothermal and solar energy sources have the potential to scale the size of such applications up to kW capacities. The results also showed that dry & isentropic fluids and vane & scroll expanders are the most suitable refrigerant and expander types, respectively, for small-scale ORC applications. Furthermore, the implications of all findings are critically discussed.
Association of Sociodemographic Factors in Affecting the Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviour of Tuberculosis and HIV in Malang: A Community-Based Study in Rural Area
Authors: Rosandy Milanitalia , Candradikusuma Didi , Indiastari Dewi , Fatma Endah , Budiarti Niniek , Sutanto Heri , Abellia Gaby
Published: May 2024

Background: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people with HIV.  In Indonesia, the Tuberculosis prevalence in 2021 stood at 969,000 cases with an average of 354 cases per 100,000 people. Nevertheless, tuberculosis is often neglected by many people, whereas in fact, it is a preventable and curable disease. This study aims to assess the knowledge, perception, behaviour, and screening for tuberculosis and their association with sociodemographic factors in a rural area of Malang, Indonesia.
Method: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted. The subjects of this study were adults (≥18 years old) who could comprehend the Indonesian language. We included 462 individuals who were chosen randomly by a multistage stratified sampling technique in rural areas of Malang, Indonesia. A validated questionnaire was asked to be filled in by participants, which were selected randomly using a multistage stratified sampling technique. Collected data were analyzed on SPSS for Windows version 25.0
Results: This study found that most (59.77%) of adults from the study area are still unaware of tuberculosis infection, transmission, prevention, and its risk factors. Only 1.2% were aware of the importance of screening if they had contact with positive tuberculosis patients. Participants in the age groups of 61 to 70 and over 70 years old were 5.5 and 4.0 times more likely to exhibit unsatisfactory behaviour compared to those in the 27 to 30 age group.
Conclusion: This study shows that knowledge, perceptions, behaviours and tuberculosis screening toward tuberculosis are still lacking in rural communities in Malang and showed that participant on younger age and higher educational subjects has better knowledge, behaviour, perception and screening towards Tuberculosis and HIV.
The Role of Systematic Reviews in Hematological Diseases Treatment
Authors: Kartika Juspeni , Legiran Legiran
Published: May 2024

Evidence-based medicine utilizes medical literature to guide clinical decisions, diagnose and treat patients. Practitioners use evidence-based guidelines to support or oppose a medical intervention. Therefore, systematic reviews of high-quality randomized controlled trials are the highest quality reviews, as these investigations are at the top of the hierarchy of evidence-based medicine.
In continuing medical education, systematic reviews are used to inform medical interventions that should be used or avoided in order to protect patient safety and improve health services based on evidence5. In addition, systematic reviews produce empirical and focused answers.
Regarding the explanation above, the author would like to explain further regarding the role of systematic reviews in therapeutic approaches in the field of hematology.
Sedentary Lifestyle as a Leading cause of Some Diseases and Disability
Authors: Tri Tjahjono Cholid , Arthamin Maimun
Published: May 2024

The prevalence of inactive lifestyles has increased, leading to detrimental effects on health. Sedentary behavior refers to any action that involves extended periods of sitting, reclining, or lying down and requires minimal energy expenditure. Insufficient physical activity is prevalent among one-third of the global population aged 15 years and older, leading to adverse health effects. Nevertheless, there is a lack of awareness regarding the health hazards associated with sedentary behaviors. The prevalence of sedentary lifestyles is expanding globally due to limited opportunities for physical activity, the rise in sedentary work environments including office jobs, and the growing prevalence of television and video devices. As a result, the related health issues are increasing. Sedentary behaviors have a broad range of negative effects on the human body, including an increased risk of death from any cause, death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. They also increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders like arthralgia and osteoporosis, as well as depression and cognitive impairment. Therefore, minimizing sedentary behaviors and boosting physical exercise are both vital to promote public health.
Reseña. Cosechar para el mundo, pastar para la región: Una historia de globalización en los Montes de María (1850-1914). Santiago Colmenares Guerra, Bogotá, Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2023.
Authors: Sánchez Gutiérrez Julian Andrés
Published: May 2024

Las diversas formas en que los países latinoamericanos se insertaron en la economía mundial no obedecen a un proceso homogéneo de desarrollo que pueda ser descrito en formas de ciclos económicos uniformes. Por el contrario, los estudios de la historia económica de cada país han dado cuenta de la particular transformación que experimentaron las economías latinoamericanas a mediados del siglo xix. El libro de Santiago Colmenares, Cosechar para el mundo, pastar para la región, es en ese sentido una obra que explora la inserción del capitalismo en una economía campesina, aquella de los Montes de María, a través del impacto de la actividad agroexportadora del tabaco luego de 1850.
Modelo de Monte Carlo para la predicción de la deserción: herramienta para la retroalimentación de las políticas públicas en la educación superio
Authors: Guzmán Rincón Alfredo , Valencia Quecano Lira Isis
Published: May 2024

La deserción en la educación superior es un problema global en aumento que afecta los beneficios individuales y sociales asociados a un mayor nivel educativo. A pesar de las investigaciones existentes sobre los factores que contribuyen a la deserción, se ha prestado poca atención al desarrollo de modelos predictivos que puedan informar las políticas públicas en esta área. Este artículo se propuso determinar la tendencia de la deserción en Colombia mediante un modelo de Monte Carlo, con el objetivo de proporcionar una retroalimentación para la toma de decisiones sobre las políticas públicas de prevención y mitigación de la deserción. El modelo utilizado se basó en datos históricos y se implementó en Python utilizando la Suite de Google Collaboratory. Los resultados mostraron que, si se mantienen las políticas actuales de financiamiento estudiantil en Colombia, se espera que la tasa promedio de deserción para el período 2022-1 y 2024-1 sea del 11,65 %, con una desviación estándar del 2,82 %. Este modelo ofrece una herramienta novedosa para predecir la deserción estudiantil y respaldar el diseño de políticas públicas. Sin embargo, es importante tener en cuenta las limitaciones del modelo y complementar los resultados con análisis adicionales para tomar decisiones informadas en la prevención y mitigación de la deserción.
Editorial. Innovación y resiliencia en la permanencia estudiantil de América Latina y el Caribe en tiempos de cambio y adversidad
Authors: Barragán Moreno Sandra Patricia , Barrera Ramos Orlando , García Treviño María del Roble
Published: May 2024

Reconociendo tanto a la educación superior en su faceta de agente de desarrollo y transformación social, como a  la permanencia estudiantil y a la graduación en sus roles escenciales para la formación de capital humano que favorezca el cierre de brechas sociales en América Latina y el Caribe —con desigualdades extremas en muchos ámbitos—, el dossier “Permanencia estudiantil en la educación superior en América Latina y el Caribe bajo escenarios de pospandemia y recesión económica” de la revista Razón Crítica se entrega con el objetivo de visualizar la permanencia estudiantil en la educación superior en América Latina y el Caribe bajo escenarios de pospandemia y recesión económica desde las diferentes realidades académicas, institucionales, nacionales y de las políticas públicas en las que se abordan las diferentes oportunidades y los desafios en el horizonte a 2030.
Exploring the impact of organizational culture on employee performance: The mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior
Authors:   Department of Business Innovation Management, Faculty of Management Science, Silpakorn University, Phetchaburi, Thailand, Simakhajornboon Panuschagone
Published: May 2024

This study examines how important human resources are for gaining competitive advantages in businesses that are hard for competitors to copy. It suggests that both private and public organizations should closely examine and take action on policies and strategies related to employee performance behaviors at work. The focus of the research was to understand the role of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as a middle step between organizational culture (OC) and the performance of employees in their assigned roles (In-role performance or IP). To collect data, online surveys were sent to employees in Thailand, which were designed based on previous research and checked for reliability using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. The study received 211 responses, which was a satisfactory number based on calculations from the G*Power program and analysis using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings showed that OC positively affects all aspects of OCB, including civic virtue (CV), conscientiousness, courtesy (CY), altruism (AL), and sportsmanship (SP), with CY and CV having a positive impact on IP. OC was found to indirectly influence IP through two aspects of OCB, CY, and CV, with statistical significance. Structural equation modeling showed that these relationships could explain up to 79.1% of the variation in IP. The study concludes that by fostering a culture that promotes CV and CY, organizations can enhance their competitive and cultural advantages through improved employee performance.
Evaluating Large Language Models for Automated Reporting and Data Systems Categorization: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wu Qingxia , Wu Qingxia , Li Huali , Wang Yan , Bai Yan , Wu Yaping , Yu Xuan , Li Xiaodong , Dong Pei , Xue Jon , Shen Dinggang , Wang Meiyun
Published: May 2024

Background

Large language models show promise for improving radiology workflows, but their performance on structured radiological tasks such as Reporting and Data Systems (RADS) categorization remains unexplored.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate 3 large language model chatbots—Claude-2, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4—on assigning RADS categories to radiology reports and assess the impact of different prompting strategies.

Methods

This cross-sectional study compared 3 chatbots using 30 radiology reports (10 per RADS criteria), using a 3-level prompting strategy: zero-shot, few-shot, and guideline PDF-informed prompts. The cases were grounded in Liver Imaging Reporting & Data System (LI-RADS) version 2018, Lung CT (computed tomography) Screening Reporting & Data System (Lung-RADS) version 2022, and Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting & Data System (O-RADS) magnetic resonance imaging, meticulously prepared by board-certified radiologists. Each report underwent 6 assessments. Two blinded reviewers assessed the chatbots’ response at patient-level RADS categorization and overall ratings. The agreement across repetitions was assessed using Fleiss κ.

Results

Claude-2 achieved the highest accuracy in overall ratings with few-shot prompts and guideline PDFs (prompt-2), attaining 57% (17/30) average accuracy over 6 runs and 50% (15/30) accuracy with k-pass voting. Without prompt engineering, all chatbots performed poorly. The introduction of a structured exemplar prompt (prompt-1) increased the accuracy of overall ratings for all chatbots. Providing prompt-2 further improved Claude-2’s performance, an enhancement not replicated by GPT-4. The interrun agreement was substantial for Claude-2 (k=0.66 for overall rating and k=0.69 for RADS categorization), fair for GPT-4 (k=0.39 for both), and fair for GPT-3.5 (k=0.21 for overall rating and k=0.39 for RADS categorization). All chatbots showed significantly higher accuracy with LI-RADS version 2018 than with Lung-RADS version 2022 and O-RADS (P<.05); with prompt-2, Claude-2 achieved the highest overall rating accuracy of 75% (45/60) in LI-RADS version 2018.

Conclusions

When equipped with structured prompts and guideline PDFs, Claude-2 demonstrated potential in assigning RADS categories to radiology cases according to established criteria such as LI-RADS version 2018. However, the current generation of chatbots lags in accurately categorizing cases based on more recent RADS criteria.
Is Boundary Annotation Necessary? Evaluating Boundary-Free Approaches to Improve Clinical Named Entity Annotation Efficiency: Case Study
Authors: Herman Bernardim Andrade Gabriel , Yada Shuntaro , Aramaki Eiji
Published: May 2024

Background

Named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental task in natural language processing. However, it is typically preceded by named entity annotation, which poses several challenges, especially in the clinical domain. For instance, determining entity boundaries is one of the most common sources of disagreements between annotators due to questions such as whether modifiers or peripheral words should be annotated. If unresolved, these can induce inconsistency in the produced corpora, yet, on the other hand, strict guidelines or adjudication sessions can further prolong an already slow and convoluted process.

Objective

The aim of this study is to address these challenges by evaluating 2 novel annotation methodologies, lenient span and point annotation, aiming to mitigate the difficulty of precisely determining entity boundaries.

Methods

We evaluate their effects through an annotation case study on a Japanese medical case report data set. We compare annotation time, annotator agreement, and the quality of the produced labeling and assess the impact on the performance of an NER system trained on the annotated corpus.

Results

We saw significant improvements in the labeling process efficiency, with up to a 25% reduction in overall annotation time and even a 10% improvement in annotator agreement compared to the traditional boundary-strict approach. However, even the best-achieved NER model presented some drop in performance compared to the traditional annotation methodology.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate a balance between annotation speed and model performance. Although disregarding boundary information affects model performance to some extent, this is counterbalanced by significant reductions in the annotator’s workload and notable improvements in the speed of the annotation process. These benefits may prove valuable in various applications, offering an attractive compromise for developers and researchers.
A Study on the Translation Strategy by Comparing the Translation of Reduplications and Image Words: Three English Versions of Sheng Sheng Man as the Case Study
Authors: Li Bingcheng , Tu Huiqin
Published: May 2024

The study is based on the translators’ respective cultural identities, and compares, evaluates and validates the translation strategies of the three translations in terms of dealing with reduplications and image words in the translations. This study proves that Lin Yutang believes that the most important thing in translating poetry is considering the context, and finally translate the beauty of poetry through the techniques of “using words to convey the spirit” and “using words to condense the poetry”. Xu Yuanchong insists on his own translation ideas: the “Three Beauties Theory”, which contains beauty in sound, beauty in form and beauty in sense. As a result, Xu’s translations have a high degree of unity of “loose in form but not in spirit”, and his translation versions are even more remarkable in terms of “conveying the spirit” of the image in the text. Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang attach great importance to “fidelity” in translation, giving priority to the strategy of “foreignization” in all matters relating to national cultural characteristics, and translating poetry by means of literal translation, transliteration and paraphrase.
Forms and Functions of Conversational Repair in Mandarin Corpus from the Perspective of Interactional Linguistics
Authors: Yuan Xinyue
Published: May 2024

Repair frequently appears in our daily conversations as a vital mechanism sustaining effective communication. The purpose of this study is twofold: one is to investigate the specific forms and functions of self-initiated repair and other-initiated repair in Mandarin corpus; the other is to examine, from the perspective of interactional linguistics, how various forms of repair can affect the ongoing dialogue between the speaker and the recipient in Mandarin conversation. Through a thorough examination of repair instances extracted from the speech corpora of naturally occurring, face-to-face Mandarin interaction, findings suggest that self-initiated repair takes the form of word searches and complement, cut-off and correction, as well as recycling and replacement, while other-initiated repair takes the form of interjection, yes-no question, and specific interrogation. Moreover, repair in Mandarin dialogue has the functions of turn maintenance, ambiguity elimination, speculation verification, information confirmation, problem location, and inquiry implementation. This study can not only help readers better understand the forms and functions of repair mechanisms in Mandarin corpus but also contribute to contemporary academic research, offering valuable insights into the dynamics of linguistic interaction.