bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microsite variation and climate result in stand dynamics variation in pristine Pinus sylvestris mires: Evidence from a stand structure study
Authors: Sarkkola Sakari , Hökkä Hannu , Penttilä Timo
Published: March 2008

Questions: How do climate conditions and the site's ecohy‐ drological properties affect the age and size structure of natural Pinus sylvestris stands on pristine boreal mires? How do the long‐term stand dynamics on mires proceed as stands age? Do the mire stands reach a balanced, old‐growth stage?

Location: Boreal mire forests in southern and northern Finland.

Methods: Tree age and diameter distributions were analysed in 52 stands in two climate areas and in two mire site types with different ecohydrological properties. Temporal stand dynamics were examined by (1) comparing the graphs of the stands’ mean tree ages by diameter at breast height (1.3 m) classes and (2) describing the changes in stand characteristics and stand age and size structures as a function of stand dominant age in a chronosequence.

Results: In the south, the DBH distributions were mostly unimodal and bell‐shaped in both site type groups. Age distributions were multimodal and flat in fully‐stocked sites but more uneven in sparsely forested composite sites. In the north, both the age and size distributions were clearly uneven in both site type groups. Tree age and size variation increased with stand age, but levelled out in the long term. Particularly in the south, the abundance of small trees decreased as stand age increased.

Conclusions: The pine stands on pristine boreal mires are more dynamic than anticipated and are generally not characterised by a balanced, self‐perpetuating structure. Their dynamics reflect differences in climate and ecohydrology: on stocked sites in favourable boreal conditions, the stands showed structures typically resultant of inter‐tree competition processes that control tree growth and regeneration, whereas in harsh boreal climates, the tree regeneration process is ongoing diversifying the stand structure.
Evaluation of nanoparticle dispersion in polypropylene by small‐angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Lipp Jonathan , Makarov Carina , Khalfin Rafail L. , Shuster Michael , Berenstein Larissa , Melamed Ofira , Odani Ayelet , Zaban Arie , Cohen Yachin
Published: March 2008

A small‐angle X‐ray scattering method has been developed for the quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of nanoparticle dispersion in polymer matrices; it is termed the nanoscale dispersion index. This method was applied to dispersions of nanosized TiO2 fillers in polypropylene. Master batches prepared with lower filler contents showed better dispersion as evaluated by the nanoscale dispersion index. The addition of 1,3:2,4‐di(3,4‐dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol to the compounds did not affect the degree of nanoscale dispersion as estimated by the nanoscale dispersion index. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation of polyurethane nanofibers by electrospinning
Authors: Zhuo Haitao , Hu Jinlian , Chen Shaojun , Yeung Lapyan
Published: March 2008

Polyurethane (PU) nanofibers were prepared by the electrospinning method. The process parameters, including the applied voltage, feeding rate, and solution concentration, were investigated carefully. The results showed that the resultant nanofibers, electrospun from PU/N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions, had ultrafine diameters ranging from about 700 to 50 nm. In addition, it was found that the diameters and morphology of the nanofibers were influenced greatly by the process parameters. In particular, the solution concentration played a main role in influencing the transformation of the polymer solution into ultrafine fibers, and the diameters increased with the solution concentrations increasing. Finally, it was concluded that uniform PU nanofibers without beads or curls could be prepared by electrospinning through good control of the process parameters, such as 5.0–7.0 wt % PU/DMF solutions, 10–15‐kV applied voltages, and 0.06–0.08 mm/min feeding rates. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Endocranial Occipito‐Temporal Anatomy of SD‐1219 from the Neandertal El Sidrón Site (Asturias, Spain)
Authors: Rosas Antonio , Peña‐Melián Angel , García‐Tabernero Antonio , Bastir Markus , De La Rasilla Marco , Fortea Javier
Published: March 2008

We addressed the brain drainage system as inferred by the endocranial morphology of the occipito‐temporal region of the El Sidrón Neandertal specimen SD‐1219. Morphological details of the endocranial surface and its anatomical implications were analyzed for the reconstruction of the dural sinus drainage pattern and its comparison with Neandertals and other hominids. The specimen SD‐1219 shows a pattern in which the superior sagittal sinus goes into the right transverse sinus. Comparative analyses with a large sample of fossil hominids reveal a pattern of the SD‐1219 fossil that is typical for Neandertals. The analysis of the proportions of the occipital lobes prints within the occipital fossae reveals that the left occipital pole projects toward the right. This possibly indicates brain asymmetry (petalia) in this Neandertal individual, similar to that observed in some modern human brains. Conversely, no such asymmetry was observed in the cerebellar fossae. A particular feature of this fossil is the presence of two crests, located at the middle of the left cerebellar fossa that can be related to either an imprinting of a cerebellar fissure or some bone response to mechanical influence on internal bone surface morphology during cerebellar development. Specific aspects of the paleoneurology of Neandertals are discussed. Further quantitative studies on the endocranial morphology of the occipito‐temporal and ‐mastoid region will shed light on the paleoneurological significance of this important anatomical region for the understanding of human evolution. Anat Rec, 291:502–512, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Novel Genetic Selection System for Improved Enantioselectivity of Bacillus subtilis Lipase A
Authors: Boersma Ykelien L. , Dröge Melloney J. , van der Sloot Almer M. , Pijning Tjaard , Cool Robbert H. , Dijkstra Bauke W. , Quax Wim J.
Published: March 2008

In directed evolution experiments, success often depends on the efficacy of screening or selection methods. Genetic selections have proven to be extremely valuable for evolving enzymes with improved catalytic activity, improved stability, or with altered substrate specificity. In contrast, enantioselectivity is a difficult parameter to select for. In this study, we present a successful strategy that not only selects for catalytic activity, but for the first time also for enantioselectivity, as demonstrated by the selection of Bacillus subtilis lipase A variants with inverted and improved enantioselectivity. A lipase mutant library in an aspartate auxotroph Escherichia coli was plated on minimal medium that was supplemented with the aspartate ester of the desired enantiomer (S)‐(+)‐1,2‐O‐isopropylidene‐sn‐glycerol. To inhibit growth of less enantioselective variants, a covalently binding phosphonate ester of the opposite (R)‐(−)‐1,2‐O‐isopropylidene‐sn‐glycerol enantiomer was added as well. After three selection rounds in which the selection pressure was increased by raising the phosphonate ester concentration, a mutant was selected with an improved enantioselectivity increased from an ee of −29.6 % (conversion 23.4 %) to an ee of +73.1 % (conversion 28.9 %) towards the (S)‐(+)‐enantiomer. Interestingly, its amino acid sequence showed that the acid of the catalytic triad had migrated to a position further along the loop that connects β7 and αE; this shows that the position of the catalytic acid is not necessarily conserved in this lipase.
Density Functional Studies on Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions Assisted by N‐ or P‐Chelating Ligands
Authors: Huang Yi‐Luen , Weng Chia‐Ming , Hong Fung‐E.
Published: March 2008

DFT studies with the B3LYP functional have been carried out on the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions of phenyl chloride and phenylboronic acid catalyzed by palladium complexes with N‐ or P‐chelating ligands. The full catalytic cycle, from the addition of reactants to the catalyst to the release of the cross‐coupled product from the complexed intermediate, has been examined. The stages within the cycle, such as oxidative addition, transmetalation, and reductive elimination, were validated by linking the mechanistically relevant intermediates and transition states. Various derivatives of diimine, diphosphine, and diamine were considered as potential model ligands. The catalytic reaction employing diimine as the chelating ligand has been verified as the one with the most energetically feasible route.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Photoluminescence of Dy3+ at Low Concentrations in Nanocrystalline ZrO2.
Authors: Diaz‐Torres L. A. , De la Rosa E. , Salas P. , Romero V. H. , Angeles‐Chavez C.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Study on the Solid Solution of YMn1‐xFexO3: Structural, Magnetic and Dielectric Properties.
Authors: Samal S. L. , Green W. , Lofland S. E. , Ramanujachary K. V. , Das D. , Ganguli A. K.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahedral Tellurate.
Authors: Konaka Saki , Ozawa Yoshiki , Yagasaki Atsushi
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Preparations of Pd6Cl12, Pt6Cl12, and Qn[Pt2Cl8+n], n = 1, 2 (Q: TBA+, PPN+) and Structural Characterization of [TBA][Pt2Cl9] and [PPN]2 [Pt2Cl10]×C7H8.
Authors: Belli Dell'Amico Daniela , Calderazzo Fausto , Marchetti Fabio , Ramello Stefano , Samaritani Simona
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Example of Direct Cyclopropylation of Arylamines at the 2‐Position with Magnesium Cyclopropylidenes.
Authors: Yamada Yukie , Miura Mariko , Satoh Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Oxidation of Alcohols Electrochemically Mediated by Azabicyclo‐N‐oxyls.
Authors: Demizu Yosuke , Shiigi Hirofumi , Oda Takahisa , Matsumura Yoshihiro , Onomura Osamu
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Catalyst‐Free α‐Halogenation of Ketones Using N‐Halosuccinamides in DMSO.
Authors: Sreedhar B. , Reddy P. Surendra , Madhavi M.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Prins‐Type Reactions of Methylenecyclopropylcarbinols with Aldehydes and Aldimines.
Authors: Shao Li‐Xiong , Qi Ming‐Hui , Shi Min
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Cyclizations of π‐Allylpalladium Complexes: A New Method for the Construction of Five‐ and Six‐Membered Rings.
Authors: Bihelovic Filip , Matovic Radomir , Vulovic Bojan , Saicic Radomir N.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of Dihydroxylation of N‐Arylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene‐endo‐ and ‐exo‐2,3‐dicarboximides.
Authors: Bagmanov B. T.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective, Photochemical Bromination of Aromatic Compounds Using N‐Bromosuccinimide.
Authors: Chhattise Prakash K. , Ramaswamy A. V. , Waghmode Suresh B.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Peroxide‐ or Sodium Hypochlorite‐Induced Bromination of 1‐Arylbut‐2‐enes.
Authors: Sadygov O. A. , Alimardanov Kh. M.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalytic Asymmetric anti‐Selective Nitroaldol Reaction with a Neodymium—Sodium Heterobimetallic Complex.
Authors: Nitabaru Tatsuya , Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling of Alkynes Catalyzed by Phebox—Rhodium Acetate Complexes.
Authors: Ito Jun‐ichi , Kitase Megumi , Nishiyama Hisao
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thiocarbamates from Thiols and Isocyanates under Catalyst‐ and Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Movassagh Barahman , Soleiman‐Beigi Mohammad
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbolithiation of o‐Amino‐(E)‐Stilbenes: Diastereoselective Electrophile Substitution with Applications to Quinoline Synthesis.
Authors: Hogan Anne‐Marie L. , O'Shea Donal F.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Method for the Synthesis of Nonracemic trans‐Epoxides: Concise Syntheses of trans‐Epoxide‐Containing Insect Sex Pheromones (VII).
Authors: Kang Baldip , Britton Robert
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Fluorescence of Anthra[2,3‐b]furan‐5,10‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Shchekotikhin A. E. , Shevtsova E. K. , Traven V. F.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Amino‐3‐carbethoxythiophenes
Authors: Kathiravan M. K. , Shishoo C. J. , Chitre T. S. , Mahadik K. R. , Jain K. S.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New General Synthesis of N‐Hydroxyindoles.
Authors: Belley Michel , Beaudoin Daniel , St‐Pierre Gabriel
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—O and C—C Coupling Reactions of Electron‐Rich Indoles.
Authors: Schwarz Nicolle , Pews‐Davtyan Anahit , Alex Karolin , Tillack Annegret , Beller Matthias
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Alkylideneoxindoles by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cyclization Reaction of 2‐Alkynylaryl Isocyanates with Aryl‐ and Alkenylboronic Acids.
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Takahashi Yusuke , Murakami Masahiro
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxocarbons and Related Compounds. Part 31. 3‐Antipyryl‐4‐hydroxy‐cyclobutenedione (Antipyrylsemisquaric Acid) and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Schmidt Arthur H. , Kohler Jochen , Pretsch Ramona , von Freytag‐Loringhoven Sarah , Wiesert Peter R.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of 1,3‐Dialkyl‐4‐(sulfonylimino)imidazolidin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Gazieva G. A. , Lozhkin P. V. , Kravchenko A. N. , Lysenko K. A. , Kolotyrkina N. G. , Makhova N. N.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Phenyliodosobis(trifluoroacetate) with Derivatives of Imidazole.
Authors: Veretennikov E. A. , Gavrilov A. E.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polysubstituted Thiazole Derivatives via the Halogen‐Dance Reaction.
Authors: Holzweber Markus , Schnuerch Michael , Stanetty Peter
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 5‐Substituted Tetrazoles with Trifluoroacetic Anhydride.
Authors: Vereshchagin L. I. , Verkhozina O. N. , Pokatilov F. A. , Strunevich S. K. , Proidakov A. G. , Kizhnyaev V. N.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Isocyanides: Synthesis of Tetrazolyl‐isoindolinones via Tandem Ugi Four‐Component Condensation/Intramolecular Amidation.
Authors: Marcos Carlos F. , Marcaccini Stefano , Menchi Gloria , Pepino Roberto , Torroba Tomas
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid Mediated Friedel—Crafts Reaction of (E)‐3‐Aryl‐2‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)acrylic Acids with Electron‐Rich Hydroxyarenes. A Convenient Approach to α‐Methylene‐δ‐valerolactones.
Authors: Krawczyk Henryk , Albrecht Lukasz , Wojciechowski Jakub , Wolf Wojciech M.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 4‐Alkoxy‐1‐hydroxypyridine‐2‐thiones.
Authors: Jankowiak A. , Jakowiecki J. , Kaszynski P.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Reactive Pyridinium‐Indolizines Fluorophores
Authors: Furdui Bianca , Dinica Rodica , Demeunynck Martine , Druta Ioan , Vlahovici Alexandru
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Polycyclic Ring Systems Containing Two Pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazol‐4‐(1H)one Moieties.
Authors: Eller G. A. , Wimmer V. , Holzer W.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rumphellatins B and C, Two New Caryophyllane‐Type Hemiketal Norsesquiterpenoids from the Formosan Gorgonian Coral Rumphella antipathies
Authors: Sung Ping‐Jyun , Chuang Li‐Fan , Hu Wan‐Ping
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sigmoiside F (Ia) and Propyloxyamyrin (Ib), Two New Triterpenoid Derivatives from Erythrina sigmoidea (Fabaceae)
Authors: Kouam Jacques , Meli Alain L. , Choudhary Muhammad I. , Fomum Zacharias T.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Chlorine‐Containing Sesquiterpene Lactone from Achillea ligustica.
Authors: Hegazy Mohamed‐Elamir F. , Mohamed Abou El‐Hamd H. , El‐Sayed Magdi A. , Ohta Shinji
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Routes to Multiferroics
Authors: Rao C. N. R. , Serrao Claudy Rayan
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Spin‐Peierls Physics in the Layered Quantum Magnet TiOCl
Authors: Glawion Sebastian , Sing Michael , Hoinkis Markus , Kuntscher Christine A. , Claessen Ralph
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Ni with Si—Ge: an Overview and Some New Considerations
Authors: Zhang S.‐L.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Morphological Control in Colloidal Crystal Templating of Inverse Opals, Hierarchical Structures, and Shaped Particles
Authors: Stein Andreas , Li Fan , Denny Nicholas R.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Thin Films Having Periodically Organized Nanoporosity
Authors: Sanchez Clement , Boissiere Cedric , Grosso David , Laberty Christel , Nicole Lionel
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Trichlorogallium and Trialkylgalliums in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Yamaguchi Masahiko , Nishimura Yoshio
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Online Mechanistic Investigations of Catalyzed Reactions by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Tool to Intercept Transient Species in Solution
Authors: Santos Leonardo S.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Enamine Catalysis
Authors: Mukherjee Santanu , Yang Jung Woon , Hoffmann Sebastian , List Benjamin
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds and Derivatives of Cyanoacetic Acid: Synthesis of Carbo‐ and Heterocycles
Authors: Shestopalov Anatoliy M. , Shestopalov Alexander A. , Rodinovskaya Lyudmila A.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Use of Catalytic Asymmetric Ammonium Enolates in Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Gaunt Matthew J. , Johansson Carin C. C.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unlocking the Potential of Asymmetric Hydrogenation at Merck
Authors: Shultz C. Scott , Krska Shane W.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Systems Chemistry
Authors: Ludlow R. Frederick , Otto Sijbren
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modelling crystal growth between potash particles near contact points during drying processes. Part I: Problem formulation
Authors: Wang Yan , Evitts Richard W. , Besant Robert W.
Published: March 2008

Salts and chemical fertilizers, such as potash, have a strong tendency to cake when exposed to humid air. This paper examines the recrystallization process between potash particles as a result of water evaporation after the particles have been previously wetted. A theoretical/numerical model is presented to simulate binary ion diffusion and crystallization near one contact point between two potash (KCl) particles during a typical drying process. The effects of three independent factors are investigated, initial moisture content, evaporation rate, and degree of supersaturation on the surface surrounding the contact point. In part I of this two‐part series of papers, this problem is formulated subject to specific boundary conditions and initial conditions and the method of numerical analysis is presented.
Mixture modeling approach to flow cytometry data
Authors: Boedigheimer Michael J. , Ferbas John
Published: March 2008

Flow Cytometry has become a mainstay technique for measuring fluorescent and physical attributes of single cells in a suspended mixture. These data are reduced during analysis using a manual or semiautomated process of gating. Despite the need to gate data for traditional analyses, it is well recognized that analyst‐to‐analyst variability can impact the dataset. Moreover, cells of interest can be inadvertently excluded from the gate, and relationships between collected variables may go unappreciated because they were not included in the original analysis plan. A multivariate non‐gating technique was developed and implemented that accomplished the same goal as traditional gating while eliminating many weaknesses. The procedure was validated against traditional gating for analysis of circulating B cells in normal donors (n= 20) and persons with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (n= 42). The method recapitulated relationships in the dataset while providing for an automated and objective assessment of the data. Flow cytometry analyses are amenable to automated analytical techniques that are not predicated on discrete operator‐generated gates. Such alternative approaches can remove subjectivity in data analysis, improve efficiency and may ultimately enable construction of large bioinformatics data systems for more sophisticated approaches to hypothesis testing. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Nine‐color flow cytometry for accurate measurement of T cell subsets and cytokine responses. Part II: Panel performance across different instrument platforms
Authors: McLaughlin Bridget E. , Baumgarth Nicole , Bigos Martin , Roederer Mario , De Rosa Stephen C. , Altman John D. , Nixon Douglas F. , Ottinger Janet , Li Judy , Beckett Laurel , Shacklett Barbara L. , Evans Thomas G. , Asmuth David M.
Published: March 2008

Cellular immune responses elicited by vaccination are complex and require polychromatic analysis to accurately characterize the phenotype and function of rare, responding cells. Technical challenges and a lack of instrument standardization between research sites have limited the application of polychromatic cytometry in multicenter clinical trials. Two previously developed six‐color T cell subset immunophenotyping reagent panels deliberately designed to accommodate three additional low frequency functional measurements were compared for their reproducibility of staining across three different flow cytometers. We repeatedly measured similar T cell subset frequencies between the two reagent panels and across the three different cytometers. Spectral overlap reduced sensitivity in two of the three open measurement channels (PE [IL‐2] and APC [IFNγ]) for one reagent combination, particularly in subsets with low cytokine expression. There was no significant interassay variation for measurements across instrument platforms. Careful panel design will identify reagent combinations that minimize spectral spillover into channels reserved for cytokine measurement and comparable results can be achieved using different cytometers, however, it is important to establish standardized quality control procedures for each instrument to minimize variation between cytometers. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Transmission network expansion planning with security constraints based on bi‐level linear programming
Authors: Fan Hong , Cheng Haozhong
Published: March 2008

In deregulated power market, multiple conflicting objectives with many constraints should be balanced in transmission planning. The primary objective is to ensure the reliable supply to the demand as economically as possible. In this paper, a new bi‐level linear programming model for transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) with security constraints has been proposed. The modeling improves traditional building style by adding reliability planning into economy planning as constraints, letting optimal planning strategy be more economic and highly reliable. A hybrid algorithm which integrates improved niching genetic algorithm and prime‐dual interior point method is newly proposed to solve the TNEP based on bi‐level programming. The advantages of the new methodology include (1) the highest reliability planning scheme can be acquired as economically as possible; (2) new model avoids the contradictions of conflicting objectives in TNEP, and explores new ideas for TNEP modeling; (3) the proposed hybrid algorithm is able to solve bi‐level programming and fully manifests the merits of two algorithms as well. Simulation results obtained from two well‐known systems and comparison analysis reveal that the proposed methodology is valid. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A gradient smoothing method (GSM) for fluid dynamics problems
Authors: Liu G. R. , Xu George X.
Published: March 2008

A novel gradient smoothing method (GSM) based on irregular cells and strong form of governing equations is presented for fluid dynamics problems with arbitrary geometries. Upon the analyses about the compactness and the positivity of coefficients of influence of their stencils for approximating a derivative, four favorable schemes (II, VI, VII and VIII) with second‐order accuracy are selected among the total eight proposed discretization schemes. These four schemes are successively verified and carefully examined in solving Poisson's equations, subjected to changes in the number of nodes, the shapes of cells and the irregularity of triangular cells, respectively. Numerical results imply us that all the four schemes give very good results: Schemes VI and VIII produce a slightly better accuracy than the other two schemes on irregular cells, but at a higher cost in computation. Schemes VII and VIII that consistently rely on gradient smoothing operations are more accurate than Schemes II and VI in which directional correction is imposed. It is interestingly found that GSM is insensitive to the irregularity of meshes, indicating the robustness of the presented GSM. Among the four schemes of GSM, Scheme VII outperforms the other three schemes, for its outstanding overall performance in terms of numerical accuracy, stability and efficiency. Finally, GSM solutions with Scheme VII to some benchmarked compressible flows including inviscid flow over NACA0012 airfoil, laminar flow over flat plate and turbulent flow over an RAE2822 airfoil are presented, respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combination of rituximab with chemotherapy in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Evaluation in daily practice before and after approval of rituximab in this indication
Authors: Ghesquières Hervé , Ferlay Céline , Sebban Catherine , Chassagne Catherine , Carausu Liana , Gargi Thérèse , Favier Bertrand , Philip Irène , Blay Jean‐Yves , Biron Pierre
Published: March 2008

Randomized trials have demonstrated improved outcome from adding rituximab to CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) for patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This retrospective study compared the outcomes of 224 patients with DLBCL treated in our institution before (Period 1, 1996–2002) and after (Period 2, 2002–2005) approval of rituximab in this indication to evaluate the impact of the drug in daily practice in unselected patients receiving different types of chemotherapy. We treated 131 patients in Period 1 versus 93 in Period 2 (median follow‐up, 75 and 29 months, respectively) with no difference in patient characteristics between the two periods. Event‐free and overall survivals (EFS and OS) were significantly improved in Period 2 for elderly patients and a significant shift in the selection of regimens was observed at the time when rituximab became available. More patients received the CHOP regimen in Period 2 than in Period 1 (82 vs. 57%,p < 0.007) with CHOP being substituted for epirubicin‐based regimens. In younger patients treated mostly with the ACVBP regimen (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, prednisone) these differences were not observed, suggesting that combination of rituximab with dose‐dense chemotherapy may deserve further evaluation in this age group. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experiment and numerical simulation of nitrogen transport in soils irrigated with treated sewage
Authors: Yang J. , Wang L. , Lu C. , Jayawardane N.
Published: March 2008

A Nitrogen‐2D model to analyse the nitrogen dynamics during treated wastewater application to FILTER (Filtration and Irrigated cropping for Land Treatment and Effluent Reuse) systems was developed. The model simulates both water movement and solute transformations in two‐dimensional saturated–unsaturated soil. The transformations of nitrogen in both organic and inorganic matters are considered. The transport equation includes the adsorption, nitrification, denitrification, volatilisation, and root uptake of the nitrogen with the general equilibrium equations. The effects of temperature, water content, N/C ratio, and pH on the nitrogen transformation are considered in the model.

The model is calibrated using field data from FILTER plots of 4 ha during 170 days' effluent application and is validated using data from sewage irrigation in four lysimeters for 86 days in China. The model accurately predicts the changes in the groundwater table depths, as well as the concentration of nitrate‐nitrogen and ammonium‐nitrogen in the subsurface drainage water outflows from the plots. The model was used to predict groundwater flow and nitrogen transport of the lysimeters using the same water flow and nitrogen transformation parameters, and the good agreement of the simulation value and experimental data shows the reliability of the model for the analysis of water and nitrogen transport. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of the elimination of toluene vapours in twin biotrickling filters using two microorganisms Bacillus cereus S1 and S2
Authors: Li Guiying , He Ze , An Taicheng , Zeng Xiangying , Sheng Guoying , Fu Jiamo
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND: To investigate the microbial degradation performance of organic pollutants in the atmosphere using a biotrickling filter, two microorganism strains, Bacillus cereus S1 and Bacillus cereus S2, were selected, identified and inoculated into a twin biotrickling filter for comparison.

RESULTS: Both strains showed good performance towards the degradation of model organic pollutants when gas flow rates ranged from 100 to 600 L h−1. For S1, the total maximum removal efficiency (RE) of toluene was maintained nearly 100% not only at gas flow rates of 100 L h−1 corresponding to empty bed residence time (EBRT) 199.44 s, but also at gas flow rates of 200 L h−1 (EBRT = 99.72 s) and 300 L h−1 (EBRT = 66.48 s). However, S2 had a much lower degradation capability; near 100% removal efficiency was obtained only at the gas flow rate of 100 L h−1 although both bacteria belong to the same Bacillus cereus. With further increase in gas flow rate, the total REs for both S1 and S2 decreased slightly at first and then dropped sharply to 46% and 35%, respectively, at an EBRT of 33.24 s, corresponding to a gas flow rate of 600 L h−1. Starvation for between 2 and 10 days resulted in the re‐acclimation times of both strains ranging between 1.0 and 15.5 h.

CONCLUSION: Strain S1 would be a better choice for inoculation into a biotrickling filter than strain S2, because of its much higher toluene removal capacity and rapid recovery to full performance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Alteration of proton diffusivity associated with passive muscle extension and contraction
Authors: Hatakenaka Masamitsu , Matsuo Yoshio , Setoguchi Taro , Yabuuchi Hidetake , Okafuji Takashi , Kamitani Takeshi , Nishikawa Kei , Honda Hiroshi
Published: March 2008

Purpose

To determine whether passive muscle extension and contraction affect the proton diffusivity of the muscle.

Materials and Methods

Five male subjects were examined. The fractional anisotropy (FA), and primary (λ1), secondary (λ2), and tertiary eigenvalues (λ3) of the right tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles were compared between conditions of passive plantar flexion and passive dorsiflexion of the ankle joint.

Results

In the tibialis anterior, FA, and λ1 at dorsiflexion decreased significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) compared to those at plantar flexion, but λ3 at dorsiflexion increased significantly (P = 0.02). In the gastrocnemius, FA and λ1 at dorsiflexion increased significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) compared to those at plantar flexion, but λ3 at dorsiflexion decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The λ2 value showed no significant change in either the tibialis anterior or medial gastrocnemius.

Conclusion

The results indicate that passive muscle extension and contraction associated with passive joint movement would affect the proton diffusivity of the muscle. This alteration of proton diffusivity is probably associated with microscopic structural changes of the muscle. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:932–937. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.