bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The fragility of therapists and clients as a generative context
Authors: Crescini Silvia , Vidal Laura , Fernández Giselle López
Published: March 2023

This article describes our work at the interface between the legal and the psychosocial in relation to mental health needs arising in families. Working at the legal–psychosocial interface, interventions and treatment strategies are not given in advance but are built with all those involved, including the family and those who may be significant for the family as well as family therapists and judicial practitioners. In addition, psychology students from the UBA (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina) who are engaged for their professional practice in the area of Justice—Working with Families in the Legal Field—observe and actively participate in this process. The work at the legal–psychosocial interface is interdisciplinary and requires a permanent dialogic effort among all practitioners of the different disciplines in order to promote alternatives that generate innovative solutions.
Adaptive critic learning for event‐triggered safe control of nonlinear safety‐critical systems
Authors: Qin Chunbin , Zhu Heyang , Wang Jinguang , Hou Yandong , Hu Shaolin , Zhang Dehua , Xiao Qiyang
Published: March 2023

In this paper, an event‐triggered safe control method based on adaptive critic learning (ACL) is proposed for a class of nonlinear safety‐critical systems. First, a safe cost function is constructed by adding a control barrier function (CBF) to the traditional quadratic cost function; the optimization problem with safety constraints that is difficult to deal with by classical ACL methods is solved. Subsequently, the event‐triggered scheme is introduced to reduce the amount of computation. Further, combining the properties of CBF with the ACL‐based event‐triggering mechanism, the event‐triggered safe Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation is derived, and a single critic neural network (NN) framework is constructed to approximate the solution of the event‐triggered safe HJB equation. In addition, the concurrent learning method is applied to the NN learning process, so that the persistence of excitation (PE) condition is not required. The weight approximation error of the NN and the states of the system are proven to be uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) in the safe set with the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the availability of the presented method can be validated through the simulation.
Society for Birth Defects Research and Prevention 2022–2027 strategic plan
Authors: Makris Susan L. , Beyer Bruce K. , DeLise Anthony , Williams Amy L. , Roberts Linda G. , Hardy Janet R. , Robinson Joshua F. , Feldkamp Marcia L.
Published: March 2023

Background

The sixth Strategic Planning Session of the Society for Birth Defects Research and Prevention (BDRP) was held on April 24–25, 2022, in Alexandria, VA.

Methods

This effort built upon previous strategic planning sessions, conducted every 5 years.

Results

The overall process was designed to identify BDRP's vision, purpose, culture, and potential, as well as to communicate the value that BDRP brings to its members, volunteers, partners, and the greater community.

Conclusions

The BDRP 2022–2027 Strategic Plan provides the BDRP leadership, members, and staff with a clearly articulated framework and direction to support long‐term sustainability and growth of the society.
Lampbrush chromosome studies in the post‐genomic era
Authors: Krasikova Alla , Fishman Veniamin , Kulikova Tatiana
Published: March 2023

Extraordinary extended lampbrush chromosomes with thousands of transcription loops are favorable objects in chromosome biology. Chromosomes become lampbrushy due to unusually high rate of transcription during oogenesis. However, until recently, the information on the spectrum of transcribed sequences as well as genomic context of individual chromomeres was mainly limited to tandemly repetitive elements. Here we briefly outline novel findings and future directions in lampbrush chromosome studies in the post‐genomic era. We emphasize the fruitfulness of combining genome‐wide approaches with microscopy imaging techniques using lampbrush chromosomes as a remarkable model object. We believe that new data on the spectrum of sequences transcribed on the lateral loops of lampbrush chromosomes and their structural organization push the boundaries in the discussion of their biological role. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/zexoHfzX9rM
Contemporary prevalence estimates of undiagnosed and diagnosed atrial fibrillation in the United States
Authors: Turakhia Mintu P. , Guo Jennifer D. , Keshishian Allison , Delinger Rachel , Sun Xiaoxi , Ferri Mauricio , Russ Cristina , Cato Matthew , Yuce Huseyin , Hlavacek Patrick
Published: March 2023

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence estimates vary and have been based on cohorts with clinically established or diagnosed disease. Undiagnosed AF prevalence estimates are less certain as they are based on nongeneralizable convenience samples.

Hypothesis

Because AF is often asymptomatic, it my remain undiagnosed until the development of complications such as stroke or heart failure. Consequently, the observed prevalence of diagnosed AF from the literature may underestimate total disease burden. We therefore sought to estimate the total prevalence of both diagnosed and undiagnosed AF.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study from 2012 to 2017 using data from five US medical claims data sets. Undiagnosed AF prevalence was estimated based on the observed incidence of ischemic stroke, systemic embolism (SE), and AF incidence after a stroke/SE. The diagnosed AF cohort included AF patients between Q1 2014 and Q3 2015. The undiagnosed AF cohort were patients with assumed undiagnosed AF in the year before a stroke/SE and who were newly diagnosed with AF in the 3‐month poststroke/SE. Stroke/SE incidence was calculated among all AF patients and the ratio of number of undiagnosed AF patients to stroke rate was created. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted estimates were stratified by period of assumed undiagnosed AF before poststroke/SE AF diagnosis (1 or 2 years).

Results

The estimated US prevalence of AF (diagnosed and undiagnosed) in Q3 2015 was 5 628 000 cases, of which 591 000 cases (11%) were undiagnosed. The assumed 2‐year undiagnosed AF prevalence was 23% (1 531 000) of the total prevalent patients with AF (6 568 000). Undiagnosed (vs. diagnosed) AF patients were older and had higher CHA2DS2‐VASc scores. Of undiagnosed AF, 93% had CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥2 and met OAC criteria.

Conclusions

These contemporary estimates demonstrate the high prevalence of undiagnosed AF in the United States. Undiagnosed AF patients are composed of primarily elderly individuals who if diagnosed, would meet criteria for stroke prevention therapy.
A Colorimetric Paper Sensor Based on Self‐assembled Nanocomposite Pd−Pt@hemin‐rGO/CNTs‐COOH for the Detection of H2O2
Authors: Li Yanyu , Zhang Xiaoyue , Shen Jinglin , Qi Wei
Published: March 2023

Nanocomposite enzymes are attracting intensive attention worldwide. In the present study, a novel colorimetric H2O2 paper sensor was developed based on a new type of nanocomposites composed of Pd−Pt nanoparticles, hemin functionalized reduced graphene oxide (hemin‐rGO) and carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs‐COOH). The proposed nanocomposites show a high peroxidase‐like activity. It provides a sensitive platform showing a linear response toward H2O2 in the range of 0.05–500 μM with a determination limit of 0.01 μM. Based on this, the composites were applied to construct a paper sensor for H2O2 detection in real samples. The cost‐effectiveness, simplicity and efficiency of this paper sensor could be developed for “point‐of‐care” analysis and other related areas.
MP‐HTLC: Enabling blockchain interoperability through a multiparty implementation of the hash time‐lock contract
Authors: Barbàra Fadi , Schifanella Claudio
Published: March 2023

The idea of hash time‐lock contracts (HTLCs) has been around from 2013. Nowadays these contracts power the majority of atomic swaps making decentralized exchange of tokens possible. On the other hand, HTLCs also have some flaws. For example they can only be instantiated between two parties. This is highly inefficient when many participants want to exchange tokens between the same pair of blockchains at the same time, because the number of transactions increases linearly in the number of participants. To solve this problem, in this article, we present MP‐HTLC. MP‐HTLC lets multiple users exchange tokens on different blockchains in a single instantiation of the protocol without any leader election. We prove that in case of a UTXO‐based blockchain the number of transactions remains constant regardless the number of participants. We are able to maintain the security assumptions of HTLCs using multiparty computation in the creation of the secret preimage and threshold signatures to manage transaction signing. We also present an implementation for each of the aspects of the protocol.
Optimizing barium promoter for nickel catalyst supported on yttria‐stabilized zirconia in dry reforming of methane
Authors: Al‐Fatesh Ahmed Sadeq , Ibrahim Ahmed Aidid , Osman Ahmed I. , Albaqi Fahad , Arasheed Rasheed , Francesco Frusteri , Serena Todaro , Anojaidi Khalid , Lanre Mahmud Sofiu , Abasaeed Ahmed Elhag , Fakeeha Anis Hamza , Bentalib Abdulaziz , Bagabas Abdulaziz
Published: March 2023

Barium doping effect on the activity and stability of nickel‐based catalysts, supported on yttria‐stabilized zirconia (Ni‐YZr), was investigated in dry reforming of methane. Catalysts were characterized by several techniques (nitrogen sorption, X‐ray diffraction [XRD], scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray, transmission electron microscopy [TEM], thermogravimetric analysis [TGA], temperature programmed oxidation, CO2‐TPD, H2‐TPR) and were tested in a fixed‐bed reactor at 800°C and 42,000 mL/h gcat. Barium played a crucial role in enhancing catalyst reducibility and CO2 adsorption at high temperatures, as indicated by the activity and stability of the Ni‐YZr catalyst. The addition of 4.0 wt% of barium appeared to be the optimal loading, allowing for CH4 conversion of 82%, which remained constant for 7 h of reaction, compared with 72% of barium‐unpromoted Ni‐YZr at 800°C. TEM images of the spent catalysts revealed the formation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on all samples. The TGA analysis showed, however, that an increase in baria loading significantly reduced the coke formation amount, indicating the inhibition of coke formation and the enhancement of the catalytic activity. Such improvement in activity and stability was attributed to the incorporation of barium into YZr support, as revealed by XRD analysis, which inhibited the sintering of the catalysts support.
Operational optimization on large‐scale combined heat and power units with low‐pressure cylinder near‐zero output
Authors: Wang Zijie , Gu Yujiong , Zhao Ziliang , Lu Shuyin
Published: March 2023

Many power plants have been transformed and operated using low‐pressure cylinder near‐zero output (LP‐ZO) technology in China to make way for or provide necessary guarantees for renewable energy power generation. This research focuses on utilizing numerical simulation tools to improve the operational economy of units with LP‐ZO. The LP‐ZO thermodynamic and energy‐consumption model of a reference plant is established, and the momentum particle swarm optimization method is used to optimize the unit operations. Moreover, a model to determine the economic operational range of the combined heat and power plant with LP‐ZO is proposed. The results show that the LP‐ZO mode operations of the unit can reduce the minimum peak shaving rate and improve the flexibility of operations. The energy efficiency of the LP‐ZO mode is increased due to the recovery of a significant portion of the cold source losses. However, the irreversible exergy loss caused by large temperature difference heat exchange reduces the exergy efficiency of the unit. After operational optimization, the reference plant can save approximately 68.15 t d−1 of coal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 27 t tce−1 d−1. This study provides an operating approach to the CHP plant with LP‐ZO unit in enhancing flexibility and economy.
Recent advances in the effect of ultrasound on the binding of protein−polyphenol complexes in foodstuff
Authors: Liu Jiayuan , Song Gongshuai , Zhou Like , Yuan Yawen , Wang Danli , Yuan Tinglan , Li Ling , Yuan Haina , Xiao Gongnian , Gong Jinyan
Published: March 2023

Foodstuff is a complex system that consists of a variety of nutrients. Protein is the basis of human life and health, which is made up of amino acids combined in different proportional orders. Polyphenols are a class of small molecule active substances with strong pro‐life health effects. It has been found that protein and polyphenols can be combined by covalent and non‐covalent interactions to form complex delivery carriers. The interaction between the two can effectively improve the physiological activities of proteins and enhance the bio‐accessibility of polyphenols. With the maturation of ultrasound technology, several studies have shown that ultrasound can promote the production of protein−polyphenol complexes. To promote the study of protein–polyphenol interactions in foodstuff by ultrasound technology, the preparation methods of protein−polyphenol complexes, the effects of ultrasound on complex generation, and analytical methods were systematically summarized based on an extensive literature review, and further research directions were proposed. It provides the reference for the ultrasound study of protein−polyphenol complexes.
Definition of Scenarios for Modern Power Systems with a High Renewable Energy Share
Authors: Collados‐Rodríguez Carlos , Antolí‐Gil Eduard , Sánchez‐Sánchez Enric , Girona‐Badia Jaume , Albernaz Lacerda Vinicius , Cheah‐Mañe Marc , Prieto‐Araujo Eduardo , Gomis‐Bellmunt Oriol
Published: March 2023

Recent environmental policies have led academic, industrial, and governmental stakeholders to plan scenarios with a high share of renewable energy sources (RES), to ensure that future energy systems, composed mostly of RES, can remain stable, match the demand during seasonal variations and are economically feasible. This article considers different energy scenarios to obtain various options in terms of size, generation technologies, and grid configuration. The scenarios are studied in the POSYTYF project and are quantified through an optimization‐based algorithm, where the test grids topologies are based on specific locations in Europe, and real data related to the availability of RES, as well as the demand. Different RES technologies are considered to meet requirements of grid integration of renewables at different horizons of time, up to 100% in the most futuristic case. The optimization algorithm is applied to three scenarios. It is shown that solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind can provide the renewable backbone, but they lack flexibility to achieve a very high share in the energy mix. Solar thermal and pumped hydro become important to cover the last range of integration, as they provide high flexibility, which is crucial for high share, but they are expensive for low share.
Further investigation of conjugated length and dispersity on light‐driven hydrogen evolution facilitated by conjugated polymers
Authors: Tsai Tien‐Liang , Chen Yen‐Yu , Chang Cheng‐Hao , Lai Yu‐Ying
Published: March 2023

Conjugated length and dispersity are modulated by the incorporation of non‐conjugated groups. The integration of 1,4‐butanediylbis(oxy) groups into poly[(1,4‐benzo{2,1,3}thiadiazole)‐co‐1,4‐benzene] gives numerous co‐polymers. The presence of the 1,4‐butanediylbis(oxy) unit in the polymer backbone interrupts the conjugation length. The optical energy gap is not much affected. The variation in the hydrogen evolution rate (HER) is evident. Density‐functional‐theory calculations suggest that the distribution of residual Pd along the polymer chain could be influenced considerably by the introduction of 1,4‐butanediylbis(oxy) group, accounting for the variation in the HER. On the other hand, a macromonomer with oligo tert‐butyl acrylate side chains synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization is copolymerized with 3,7‐dibromo‐dibenzothiophene 5,5‐dioxide to furnish a random copolymer. The ester groups in the polymer can be transformed to the acid moieties. The polymer with the acid functionality exhibits superior dispersity in the reaction solvents. Nonetheless, the difference in the hydrogen‐evolution activity is marginal between the two polymers, revealing that the increase in the polymer dispersity does not essentially improve the photoactivity for this reaction. These studies reveal that a structural variation could simultaneously lead to the alternation in numerous properties. Emphasis on a particular property could be misleading in designing active photocatalysts in hydrogen evolution.
Complete remission in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ben Kridis Wala , Kallel Rim , Boudawara Tahia , Khanfir Afef
Published: March 2023

Bone metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unusual. Optimal treatment strategies are not well defined. The prognosis of this entity is very poor with a survival that does not exceed 1 year. We report here a new case of metastatic HCC with longer overall survival of more than 5 years in a 67‐year‐old man.
難治性院外心原性心停止に対する初期心電図によるpercutaneous cardiopulmonary support導入時間の検討(Analysis of the percutaneous cardiopulmonary support implementation time for refractory out–of–hospital cardiogenic cardiac arrest by initial electrocardiogram)
Authors: 恒 鹿野 , 将樹 長間 , 敬介 坂東 , 晃生 遠藤 , 祐貴 安武 , 広一 大西 , 秀明 吉原
Published: March 2023

【目的】治療抵抗性心停止に対する経皮的心肺補助（以下，PCPS）の転帰良好な因子として，初期心電図がショック適応心リズム（以下，ショックリズム）と心停止（以下，CA）からPCPS開始までの時間（以下，CA to PCPS）が短いことが挙げられる。しかし，近年ではショック非適応心リズム（以下，非ショックリズム）でも転帰良好な症例が報告されており，院外心原性心停止における初期心電図別のCA to PCPSと1か月後の転帰良好について検討した。【対象】これは単施設，後方視的研究であり，2000年1月から2017年3月に院外心原性心停止症例に対してPCPSを導入した219例（平均58歳，男性193例）を対象とした。【結果】ショックリズム群（167例）と非ショックリズム群（52例）において，転帰良好率は31% vs 10%（p＝0.003）であり，CA to PCPSの中央値は44.0分 vs 35.0分（p＝0.014）であった。さらにCA to PCPSを5分ごとに区切り転帰良好率を検討すると，ショックリズム群では36～40分で59%であったが，41～45分では33%まで低下しており，非ショックリズム群では40分以降に転帰良好は存在しなかった。【結語】心停止から40分以内のPCPS導入がより転帰良好になると考えられたが，非ショックリズム群ではさらに短縮する必要がある。
Changes in canopy microclimate of faba bean under intercropping at controlled nitrogen levels and their correlation with crop yield
Authors: Ma Guanglei , Zheng Yiran , Zhang Jing , Guo Zengpeng , Dong Yan
Published: March 2023

Background

The relationship between the microclimate of the intercropping faba bean canopy and yield, and its response to nitrogen application, was studied in the crop canopy to clarify that intercropping and nitrogen application changed the microclimate of the faba bean canopy and affected the yield.

Results

In field experiments in Eshan and Xundian, the growth index, light transmittance, interception rate of photosynthetic effective radiation, temperature, relative humidity, and yield of the faba bean were determined using three planting methods (wheat monoculture, faba bean monoculture, and wheat‐faba bean intercropping) and four nitrogen application levels, N0 (0 kg/hm2), N1 (45 kg/hm2), N2 (90 kg/hm2), and N3 (180 kg/hm2). The results showed that the application of nitrogen improved the growth index of monoculture and intercropping broad beans significantly, reduced the canopy light transmittance and temperature significantly, and increased the interception rate and relative humidity of photosynthetic effective radiation significantly. Compared with N0, the yield of broad bean in both places was the highest in N1, which increased by 14% (Eshan) and 15% (Xundian).

Conclusion

Multiple linear stepwise regression and path analysis showed that the decrease in canopy light transmittance during the faba bean pod‐setting stage and the interception rate of photosynthetic effective radiation during pod‐bulging stage, caused by excessive nitrogen application, were the main climatic and ecological factors limiting the increase in the intercropping faba bean yield in Eshan and Xundian respectively. The optimum nitrogen application rate recommended in production is 45 kg/hm2, to reduce the nitrogen application rate and maximize the productivity of the wheat and faba bean system. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Combining quadrat, rake, and echosounding to estimate submerged aquatic vegetation biomass at the ecosystem scale
Authors: Botrel Morgan , Hudon Christiane , Biron Pascale M. , Maranger Roxane
Published: March 2023

Measuring freshwater submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) biomass at large spatial scales is challenging, and no single technique can cost effectively accomplish this while maintaining accuracy. We propose to combine and intercalibrate accurate quadrat‐scuba diver technique, fast rake sampling, and large‐scale echosounding. We found that the overall relationship between quadrat and rake biomass is moderately strong (pseudo R2 = 0.61) and varies with substrate type and SAV growth form. Rake biomass was also successfully estimated from biovolume (pseudo R2 = 0.57), a biomass proxy derived from echosounding. In addition, the relationship was affected, in decreasing relevance, by SAV growth form, flow velocity, acoustic data quality, depth, and wind conditions. Sequential application of calibrations yielded predictions in agreement with quadrat observations, but echosounding predictions underestimated biomass in shallow areas (< 1 m) while outperforming point estimation in deep areas (> 3 m). Whole‐system quadrat‐equivalent biomass from echosounding differed by a factor of two from point survey estimates, suggesting echosounding is more accurate at larger scales owing to the increased sample size and better representation of spatial heterogeneity. To decide when an individual or a combination of techniques is profitable, we developed a step‐by‐step guideline. Given the risks of quadrat‐scuba diver technique, we recommend developing a one‐time quadrat–rake calibration, followed by the use of rake and echosounding when sampling at larger spatial and temporal scales. In this case, rake sampling becomes a valid ground truthing method for echosounding, also providing valuable species information and estimates in shallow waters where echosounding is inappropriate.
An efficient class of discrete finite difference/element scheme for solving the fractional reaction subdiffusion equation
Authors: Khader M. M.
Published: March 2023

An estimate for the fractional reaction subdiffusion equation is presented by a discrete Crank–Nicolson finite element method (FEM), which we can obtain by using the finite difference method (FDM) (in time) and the finite element method (in space). The proposed scheme is obtained at time
because at this time there are some different coefficients compared to those at time
, that is,
, instead of
. We studied the stability analysis, truncation error, and convergence analysis of the derived scheme. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the given algorithm.
Deep learning‐based decision forest for hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma segmentation on MRI
Authors: Lay Nathan , Anari Pouria Yazdian , Chaurasia Aditi , Firouzabadi Fatemeh Dehghani , Harmon Stephanie , Turkbey Evrim , Gautam Rabindra , Samimi Safa , Merino Maria J. , Ball Mark W. , Linehan William Marston , Turkbey Baris , Malayeri Ashkan A.
Published: March 2023

Background

von Hippel–Lindau syndrome (VHL) is an autosomal dominant hereditary syndrome with an increased predisposition of developing numerous cysts and tumors, almost exclusively clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Considering the lifelong surveillance in such patients to monitor the disease, patients with VHL are preferentially imaged using MRI to eliminate radiation exposure.

Purpose

Segmentation of kidney and tumor structures on MRI in VHL patients is useful in lesion characterization (e.g., cyst vs. tumor), volumetric lesion analysis, and tumor growth prediction. However, automated tasks such as ccRCC segmentation on MRI is sparsely studied. We develop segmentation methodology for ccRCC on T1 weighted precontrast, corticomedullary, nephrogenic, and excretory contrast phase MRI.

Methods

We applied a new neural network approache using a novel differentiable decision forest, called hinge forest (HF), to segment kidney parenchyma, cyst, and ccRCC tumors in 117 images from 115 patients. This data set represented an unprecedented 504 ccRCCs with 1171 cystic lesions obtained at five different MRI scanners. The HF architecture was compared with U‐Net on 10 randomized splits with 75% used for training and 25% used for testing. Both methods were trained with Adam using default parameters () over 1000 epochs. We further demonstrated some interpretability of our HF method by exploiting decision tree structure.

Results

The HF achieved an average kidney, cyst, and tumor Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.75 ± 0.03, 0.44 ± 0.05, 0.53 ± 0.04, respectively, while U‐Net achieved an average kidney, cyst, and tumor DSC of 0.78 ± 0.02, 0.41 ± 0.04, 0.46 ± 0.05, respectively. The HF significantly outperformed U‐Net on tumors while U‐Net significantly outperformed HF when segmenting kidney parenchymas ().

Conclusions

For the task of ccRCC segmentation, the HF can offer better segmentation performance compared to the traditional U‐Net architecture. The leaf maps can glean hints about deep learning features that might prove to be useful in other automated tasks such as tumor characterization.
Laserbehandlung gegen Weltraumschrott
Authors: Scharring Stefan , Wagner Gerd , Riede Wolfgang , Dekorsy Thomas
Published: March 2023

Durch Photonendruck und Materialabtrag können Laser vom Erdboden aus über große Entfernungen hinweg die Bewegung eines Weltraumschrottobjekts verändern. Bereits ein leichtes Abbremsen kann Kollisionen vermeiden. Eine längere Folge von Bestrahlungen kann ein Schrottobjekt sogar beseitigen, durch Wiedereintritt in die Erdatmosphäre. Als Vorbereitung liefern spektrale Lichtkurvenanalysen detaillierte Informationen zum Schrottobjekt. Neben der technologischen Entwicklung müssen thermale Risiken sowie Aspekte zur operationellen Sicherheit adressiert werden.
Die Suche nach Terahertz‐Materialien
Authors: Deinert Jan‐Christoph , Kovalev Sergey , Gensch Michael
Published: March 2023

Der Terahertz‐Frequenzbereich umfasst ein technisch wenig erschlossenes Grenzgebiet im elektromagnetischen Spektrum. Es ist aber besonders interessant, weil es im niederenergetischen Bereich viele Eigenfrequenzen, komplexer Quantenphänomene enthält. Dafür stehen neuerdings intensive Terahertz‐Pulse aus spezialisierten Elektronenbeschleunigern zur Verfügung, die Teil 1 dieses Zweiteilers vorgestellt hat. Teil 2 widmet sich der gezielten Suche nach Materialien, die als Grundbausteine für zukünftige Terahertz‐Technologien geeignet sind. Der Schlüssel dazu ist die Beschleunigung quasifreier Ladungsträger durch das starke Terahertz‐Feld, was in bestimmten Materialien besonders nichtlineare Eigenschaften erzeugen kann. Hierfür erweisen sich topologische Isolatoren als sehr komplexe, aber vielversprechende Materialklasse. Sie könnten auch ultraschnelle optoelektronische Bauteile ermöglichen.
Wein schwenken – nur eine Geste?
Authors: Kasper Lutz , Vogt Patrik
Published: March 2023

Wein soll atmen, um besser zu schmecken. Entscheidend ist dabei sein Kontakt mit dem Luftsauerstoff. Die Frage ist, wie dieser Kontakt effektiv gelingen kann: Hilft lässiges Schwenken des Glases?
Der frische Wind der Theorie
Authors: Loos Andreas
Published: March 2023

Der Urknall war für den Gesuchten ein Beleg für die Existenz Gottes.
Evaluation of the effects of isoproterenol on arrhythmia recurrence following catheter ablation in patients with atrioventricular nodal re‐entrant tachycardia: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Vahid Lotfabadi Neda , Mehrabi Saeed , Heidari‐Bakavoli Alireza , Morovatdar Negar , Tayyebi Mohammad , Baradaran Rahimi Vafa
Published: March 2023

We aimed to determine the effects of isoproterenol on arrhythmia recurrence in atrioventricular nodal re‐entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) patients treated with catheter ablation. The present randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on AVNRT patients candidates for radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The patients were randomly assigned to receive isoproterenol (0.5–4 μg/min) or not (control group) for arrhythmia re‐induction after ablation. The results of the electrophysiological (EP) study, the ablation parameters, and the arrhythmia recurrence rate were recorded. We evaluated 206 patients (53 males and 153 females) with a mean (SD) age of 49.87 (15.5) years in two groups of isoproterenol (n = 103) and control (n = 103). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two studied groups in age, gender, EP study, and ablation parameters. The success rate of ablation was 100% in both groups. During ~16.5 months of follow‐up, one patient (1%) in the isoproterenol group and four patients (3.8%) in the control group experienced AVNRT recurrence (HR = 0.245; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.043–1.418; p = .173). Based on the Kaplan–Meier analysis, there was no significant difference in the incidence rate of arrhythmia recurrence during the follow‐up period between the two studied groups (p = .129). Additionally, there were no significant differences between the arrhythmia's recurrence according to age, gender, junctional rhythm, type of AVNRT arrhythmia, and DAVN persistence after ablation. Although isoproterenol administration for arrhythmia re‐induction after ablation did not alleviate the treatment outcomes and arrhythmia recurrence following RFA in AVNRT patients, further studies with a larger sample size and a longer duration of follow‐up are necessary.
Direct Observation of Local Dielectric Conductive Paths and Their Dynamics in the Degraded Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors
Authors: Du Wentong , Ying Yuxin , Yang Weiwei , Zhao Kunyu , Zhang Faqiang , Liu Zhifu , Li Guorong , Zeng Huarong
Published: March 2023

Scanning thermal microscopy is used to perform direct imaging local conductive path and dynamic behaviors in the degraded multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) due to the thermal conductivity difference between the dielectric layers and the conductive regions. For local conductive path, its electrical tree dynamic growth behaviors under the dc bias on and off state are clearly obtained in the thermal image. Such phenomena reveal that space–charge‐limited current mechanism dominates in local conductive path region of MLCCs. The results give a strong demonstration of scanning thermal microscopy as a powerful tool for imaging local conductive behavior in MLCCs, which provides us a direct, unique view to clarify local breakdown mechanism and enriches our insights in the insulation resistance degradation and the reliability of MLCCs.
System reliability under cascading failure models with different load effect modes
Authors: Song Xueying , Jia Xujie , Dong Qinglai , Xu Dong
Published: March 2023

Cascading failure is a phenomenon that minor disturbances trigger a chain reaction failure of the system, causing the disaster to quickly spread in the system and causing part or all of the system to collapse. Traditional cascading models that based on the assumption that the propagation time of cascading failures can be ignored are inadequate for modeling and analyzing all the practical cascading failure systems. It is necessary to develop a general methodology for the cascading failure systems with cascading failure propagation speed and different load effects. This paper derives new models which extend the load effect mode and consider the propagation speed of cascading failure. In the models, the time of the cascading failure propagation is considered. Three load effect modes are proposed that consider the number of remaining working components, the influence range of the failed parts, and the distance between the failed parts and the unfailed components. Additionally, the reliability of the systems with different types of cascading failures is analyzed, and formulas computing reliability indexes are derived. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the application of the proposed methodology.
Robust risk‐sensitive control
Authors: Hua Haochen , Gashi Bujar , Zhang Moyu
Published: March 2023

We introduce arisk‐sensitivegeneralization of the mixed control problem for linear stochastic systems with additive noise. Two criteria ofexponential‐quadraticform are used to generalise the usual quadratic criteria. The solutions are found in a linear state‐feedback form for both the finite and the infinite horizon formulations in terms of coupled Riccati differential and algebraic equations. A change of measures for both criteria and completion of squares method is used to derive the solutions, and explicit sufficient conditions for the admissibility of controls are derived. An application to the problem ofrobustportfolio control in a market with random interest rate subject to a disturbance is also given.
Obesity-Induced Immunological Effects on the Skin
Authors: Palanivel Janani A. , Millington George W. M.
Published: March 2023

There is an increasing prevalence of obesity globally. Equally, the significance of maintaining a healthy body weight for maintaining a healthy skin homoeostasis is gaining greater attention. On this background, there is growing evidence of an adverse influence of excess body weight on the immune system, which has a resultant detrimental effect on the functioning of the skin. The presence of obesity appears to intensify various inflammatory skin disorders. These immune-dermatological consequences in the obese occur because of multiple adverse changes in the skin physiology, endocrine imbalance, metabolic deviations, alterations in circulation, skin microbiome and immunological disruptions. The purpose of this article is to highlight the profound impact of increased fat deposition on cutaneous immunology and its role in the pathophysiology of various chronic inflammatory dermatological conditions. Understanding these immunological modulations will aid in developing therapies targeting the specific inflammatory mediators in the management of obesity-associated chronic immunological skin disease.
More effective solutions? Senior managers and non‐routine problem solving
Authors: Decreton Benoit , Tippmann Esther , Nell Phillip C. , Parker Andrew
Published: March 2023

Research Summary

Solving non‐routine problems—problems for which current organizational, recurrent action patterns do not offer a predetermined, effective solution—can be an important source of value creation. When these problems occur in subsidiaries of multinational corporations, senior headquarters managers can potentially help solve them. However, whether their involvement is beneficial rests upon the assumptions that they know which knowledge is appropriate and that their involvement does not negatively influence the problem solving process. We challenge these assumptions and theorize that the involvement of senior headquarters managers is negatively related to solution effectiveness, unless senior subsidiary managers are also involved, and especially if problems have an external locus (i.e., primarily relate to the firm's products and services). Our robust results are consistent with our theory.

Managerial Summary

Companies are often faced with new problems, which represent an opportunity for organizational improvements. But how different types of senior managers influence problem solving effectiveness has remained unclear. Studying problems occurring in foreign subsidiaries of multinational corporations, we find that the involvement of senior headquarters managers is negatively related to problem solving effectiveness. Two reasons explain this result: senior headquarters managers often lack necessary understanding of their subsidiaries' contexts; and their involvement diminishes active participation of subsidiary employees. The negative relationship is especially strong when problems relate to products and services (as opposed to internal processes). Furthermore, we find that senior subsidiary managers can mitigate the negative consequences related to senior headquarters managers' involvement.
Toward High Efficient Cu2ZnSn(Sx,Se1−x)4 Solar Cells: Break the Limitations of VOC and FF
Authors: Wang Zuoyun , Meng Rutao , Guo Hongling , Sun Yali , Liu Yue , Zhang Huamei , Cao Zixiu , Dong Jiabin , Xu Xuejun , Liang Guangxing , Lou Licheng , Li Dongmei , Meng Qingbo , Zhang Yi
Published: March 2023

Increasing the fill factor (FF) and the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) simultaneously together with non‐decreased short‐circuit current density (JSC) are a challenge for highly efficient Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells. Aimed at such target in CZTSSe solar cells, a synergistic strategy to tailor the recombination in the bulk and at the heterojunction interface has been developed, consisting of atomic‐layer deposited aluminum oxide (ALD‐Al2O3) and (NH4)2S treatment. With this strategy, deep‐level CuZn defects are converted into shallower VCu defects and improved crystallinity, while the surface of the absorber is optimized by removing Zn‐ and Sn‐related impurities and incorporating S. Consequently, the defects responsible for recombination in the bulk and at the heterojunction interface are effectively passivated, thereby prolonging the minority carrier lifetime and increasing the depletion region width, which promote carrier collection and reduce charge loss. As a consequence, the VOC deficit decreases from 0.607 to 0.547 V, and the average FF increases from 64.2% to 69.7%, especially, JSC does not decrease. Thus, the CZTSSe solar cell with the remarkable efficiency of 13.0% is fabricated. This study highlights the increased FF together with VOC simultaneously to promote the efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells, which could also be applied to other photoelectronic devices.
Nanopolyhybrids: Materials, Engineering Designs, and Advances in Thermal Management
Authors: Atinafu Dimberu G. , Yun Beom Yeol , Kim Young Uk , Kim Sumin
Published: March 2023

The fundamental requirements for thermal comfort along with the unbalanced growth in the energy demand and consumption worldwide have triggered the development and innovation of advanced materials for high thermal‐management capabilities. However, continuous development remains a significant challenge in designing thermally robust materials for the efficient thermal management of industrial devices and manufacturing technologies. The notable achievements thus far in nanopolyhybrid design technologies include multiresponsive energy harvesting/conversion (e.g., light, magnetic, and electric), thermoregulation (including microclimate), energy saving in construction, as well as the miniaturization, integration, and intelligentization of electronic systems. These are achieved by integrating nanomaterials and polymers with desired engineering strategies. Herein, fundamental design approaches that consider diverse nanomaterials and the properties of nanopolyhybrids are introduced, and the emerging applications of hybrid composites such as personal and electronic thermal management and advanced medical applications are highlighted. Finally, current challenges and outlook for future trends and prospects are summarized to develop nanopolyhybrid materials.
A Review on Self‐Assembly of Colloidal Nanoparticles into Clusters, Patterns, and Films: Emerging Synthesis Techniques and Applications
Authors: Borah Rituraj , AG Karthick Raj , Minja Antony Charles , Verbruggen Sammy W.
Published: March 2023

The colloidal synthesis of functional nanoparticles has gained tremendous scientific attention in the last decades. In parallel to these advancements, another rapidly growing area is the self‐assembly or self‐organization of these colloidal nanoparticles. First, the organization of nanoparticles into ordered structures is important for obtaining functional interfaces that extend or even amplify the intrinsic properties of the constituting nanoparticles at a larger scale. The synthesis of large‐scale interfaces using complex or intricately designed nanostructures as building blocks, requires highly controllable self‐assembly techniques down to the nanoscale. In certain cases, for example, when dealing with plasmonic nanoparticles, the assembly of the nanoparticles further enhances their properties by coupling phenomena. In other cases, the process of self‐assembly itself is useful in the final application such as in sensing and drug delivery, amongst others. In view of the growing importance of this field, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the field of nanoparticle self‐assembly and their applications. For clarity, the self‐assembled nanostructures are classified into two broad categories: finite clusters/patterns, and infinite films. Different state‐of‐the‐art techniques to obtain these nanostructures are discussed in detail, before discussing the applications where the self‐assembly significantly enhances the performance of the process.
Elemental concentration in renal stones by wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Bali Varun , Khajuria Yugal , Pathak Ashok K. , Kumar Upendra , Rai Pradeep K. , Ghany Charles , Singh Vivek K.
Published: March 2023

Renal stone formation inside the kidney is one of the major causes of renal failure all over the world. To create preventative measures, it is crucial to examine renal stone's composition and identify the minerals that are responsible for their pathogenesis. Various concerns regarding the pathophysiology of renal stones remain unresolved and have been put forward. However, till date, the complete information is still unclear. In recent years, spectroscopic studies have gained much attention in identifying the chemical compositions that lead to the formation and growth of renal stones. This work employed wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to study renal stones. WDXRF results of renal stone samples give the presence of numerous heavy and trace elements. Different elemental constituents like zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), strontium (Sr), chromium (Cr), zirconium (Zr), palladium (Pd), bromine (Br), ruthenium (Ru), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) were detected and quantified in the renal stones. Vibrational spectroscopic studies were carried out to know the chemical compositions of renal stones such as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), uric acid (UA), and carbonate apatite (CA). Quantitative results of WDXRF have been compared with the results from atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) of these stone samples. The available clinical details of the patients were correlated with the spectroscopic results obtained using WDXRF and FTIR spectroscopy.
Building a Framework for Adaptive Silviculture Under Global Change
Authors: D’Amato Anthony W. , Palik Brian J. , Raymond Patricia , Puettmann Klaus J. , Girona Miguel Montoro
Published: March 2023

Uncertainty surrounding global change impacts on future forest conditions has motivated the development of silviculture strategies and frameworks focused on enhancing potential adaptation to changing climate and disturbance regimes. This includes applying current silvicultural practices, such as thinning and mixed-species and multicohort systems, and novel experimental approaches, including the deployment of future-adapted species and genotypes, to make forests more resilient to future changes. In this chapter, we summarize the general paradigms and approaches associated with adaptation silviculture along a gradient of strategies ranging from resistance to transition. We describe how these concepts have been operationalized and present potential landscape-scale frameworks for allocating different adaptation intensities as part of functionally complex networks in the face of climate change.
Three-body resonances in the φ4 theory
Authors: Garofalo Marco , Mai Maxim , Romero-López Fernando , Rusetsky Akaki , Urbach Carsten
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We study the properties of three-body resonances using a lattice complex scalar φ4 theory with two scalars, with parameters chosen such that one heavy particle can decay into three light ones. We determine the two- and three-body spectra for several lattice volumes using variational techniques, and then analyze them with two versions of the three-particle finite-volume formalism: the Relativistic Field Theory approach and the Finite-Volume Unitarity approach. We find that both methods provide an equivalent description of the energy levels, and we are able to fit the spectra using simple parametrizations of the scattering quantities. By solving the integral equations of the corresponding three-particle formalisms, we determine the pole position of the resonance in the complex energy plane and thereby its mass and width. We find very good agreement between the two methods at different values of the coupling of the theory.
Precision boson-jet azimuthal decorrelation at hadron colliders
Authors: Chien Yang-Ting , Rahn Rudi , Shao Ding Yu , Waalewijn Wouter J. , Wu Bin
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The azimuthal angular decorrelation of a vector boson and jet is sensitive to QCD radiation, and can be used to probe the quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions. By using a recoil-free jet definition, the sensitivity to contamination from soft radiation on the measurement is reduced, and the complication of non-global logarithms is eliminated from our theoretical calculation. Specifically we will consider the $$ {p}_T^n $$

p
T
n

recombination scheme, as well as the n → ∞ limit, known as the winner-take-all scheme. These jet definitions also significantly simplify the calculation for a track-based measurement, which is preferred due to its superior angular resolution. We present a detailed discussion of the factorization in Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, revealing why the transverse momentum $$ {\overrightarrow{q}}_T $$

q
→

T

is more complicated than the azimuthal angle. We show that potential glauber contributions do not spoil our factorization formalism, at least up to and including order $$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$

α
s
3

. The resummation is carried out using the renormalization group, and all necessary ingredients are collected or calculated. We conclude with a detailed phenomenological study, finding an enhanced matching correction for high jet pT due to the electroweak collinear enhancement of a boson emission off di-jets. We also compare with the Pythia event generator, finding that our observable is very robust to hadronization and the underlying event.