bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medida da Sensibilidade Ética em Estudantes da Medicina: um Estudo na Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo
Authors: Silva Janaina Teixeira Nunes , Miranda Daniel de , Marcolino José Alvaro Marques , Muñoz Daniel Romero
Published: April 2020

Resumo: Introdução: Vários autores têm mostrado a importância do ensino da ética na formação dos estudantes de Medicina. Em geral, a literatura tem relatado uma diminuição na sensibilidade ética dos estudantes ao longo da graduação em Medicina. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi medir a sensibilidade ética dos alunos de uma faculdade de Medicina. Método: Para a medida da sensibilidade ética foi selecionada uma amostra de 20 alunos de cada um dos seis anos de graduação, que responderam a um instrumento composto por quatro casos-vinheta. Resultados: Foi observado um aumento da sensibilidade ética dos alunos com a progressão dos anos da graduação, salvo uma pequena redução dos alunos do terceiro ano. Os alunos mais velhos mostraram maior sensibilidade ética. Não houve diferenças em relação a sexo e escolha de especialidades. Discussão: O aumento na sensibilidade ética contraria os dados da literatura. Pode haver uma associação entre maior sensibilidade ética e a estrutura curricular dessa faculdade, que enfatiza aspectos psicossociais ao longo da formação do estudante. Esses achados podem reforçar a proposta de que os currículos nas faculdades de Medicina incluam o estuda e a discussão de questões éticas durante a graduação.
A Influência das Estratégias Promocionais das Indústrias Farmacêuticas sobre o Receituário Médico na Faculdade de Medicina de Marília: uma Visão Ética
Authors: Molinari Giovani José Dal Poggetto , Moreira Paulo Celso dos Santos , Conterno Lucieni de Oliveira
Published: April 2020

Resumo: Os laboratórios farmacêuticos e a indústria de medicamentos estão inseridos numa economia de mercado capitalista, onde a disputa comercial e a busca por novos medicamentos (mais eficazes e com menos efeitos colaterais) tornam-se objetivos de alcançar na corrida pelo domínio mercadológico. O investimento dessas empresas privadas em novas descobertas se reflete nem aumento significativo em seu custo. Sem esse incentivo financeiro, essas pesquisas científicas seriam consideravelmente reduzidas. Para que o novo medicamento seja apresentado à categoria médica e inserido ao mercado, as indústrias utilizam técnicas e estratégias de vendas que variam desde a participação em congressos até o contato individual sob a forma de benefícios pessoais. Este e à conduta médica, tendo em vista que são constantemente influenciados pela propaganda comercial, por vantagens concedidas e pela distorção de interesses das partes envolvidas.
Impact of different cut types on the quality of fresh-cut potatoes during storage
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Inam-Ur-Raheem Muhammad , Aadil Rana Muhammad , Nadeem Rameesha , Shabbir Umair , Javed Ahsan
Published: April 2020

Abstract Fresh-cut vegetables can be minimally processed through cleaning/washing, trimming, peeling, slicing and dicing, followed by packaging and cold storage. This study aimed to verify the effect of different cuts on the quality and shelf life of fresh-cut potato. Different cut types, such as slices, dices, cubes and wedges, were selected for this study to evaluate the shelf-life response of potatoes. Potato pieces of these different shapes were treated with calcium chloride, citric acid, and potassium metabisulfite (3%, 2% and 0.3%, respectively), stored in plastic boxes at 4 ˚C for 60 days, and then physicochemically (firmness (N), weight loss (WL), pH, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), and ascorbic acid (AA) content analyses) and microbiologically assessed. The best results were observed for the dice cut type, which showed minimal changes in TSS (5.31%), pH (5.65), TA (0.34%), WL (9.04%), and AA content (10.86%). Moreover, the microbial activity of all shapes of potato pieces remained within acceptable limits during cold storage.
Oil-lipids, carotenoids and fatty acids simultaneous production by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CCT3892 using sugarcane molasses as carbon source
Authors: Costa Willyan Araújo da , Padilha Carlos Eduardo de Araújo , Oliveira Júnior Sérgio Dantas de , Silva Flávio Luiz Honorato da , Silva Josevan , Ancântara Maristela Alves , Ferrari Márcio , Santos Everaldo Silvino dos
Published: April 2020

Abstract One of the most important classes of nutritional biomolecules is the oleaginous compounds group, which specially includes the oil-lipids, the carotenoids and the fatty acids. These biocompounds present a wide range of industrial applications because their ability to act as an energy source, antioxidants and metabolic agents for the human body. Therefore, the food industry, mainly focusing on food supplementation, is always searching for new sources of them. In this context, the present study evaluated the total lipids, carotenoids and fatty acids simultaneous production by the Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CCT3892 yeast, using residual sugarcane molasses as carbon source. The results obtained demonstrated that the cultivation of yeast in molasses medium (MC) produced the same content of total lipids and carotenoids (16.50% ± 0.68% and 0.053 ± 0.001 mg g-1, respectively) as the obtained from a synthetic medium (SC) (15.36% ± 1.36% and 0.051 ± 0.001 mg g-1 0.005). Concerning the fatty acids biosynthesis, the MC cultivation generated the most interesting profile once it presented a greater content of oleic acid (74.05%), an unsaturated compound with high nutritional value. The cultivation carried out with the molasses and yeast extract supplementation (MYEC) did not provide an improvement in microbial oil production, what indicated that in this condition there was a predominance of others sorts of substrate metabolization by the yeast cells, as confirmed by the microbial kinetics study.
Effect of storage and stress conditions on the counts of Bifidobacterium animalis microencapsulated and incorporated in plantain flour
Authors: Iguarán Eduardo Corpas , Triviño-Valencia Jessica , Rodríguez-Barona Sneyder
Published: April 2020

Abstract The probiotic activity in the intestinal microbiota depends on its survival during food storage and its passage through the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of storage and stress conditions such as temperature, pH and bile salts on the viability of Bifidobacterium animalis microencapsulated and incorporated in plantain flour. Between days 21 and 28, the failure percentage decreased from 93% to 27%. The mean counts of B. animalis were statistically different with change of temperature, pH and bile salt concentration. For the temperature, the counts obtained at 50 °C and 80 °C decreased by 60.1% and 90.2%, respectively. Likewise, at pH 2.5 showed a over 90% survival reduction during 60 min; whilst at pH 3.5 during 60 min the survivals were less than 50%. Finally, the counts achieved using 1 g/L of bile salts were higher than those obtained at 3 and 5 g/L. The results indicate the need to evaluate other capsular components to improve the survival of B. animalis microencapsulated and incorporated in plantain flour.
Physicochemical and sensory characterization of meat from lambs subjected to feeding restrictions
Authors: Madruga Marta Suely , Arcanjo Narciza Maria de Oliveira , Alves Bezerra Taliana Kênia , Queiroz Angela Lima Menezes de , Pimentel Katiuscia Menezes Lobo , Queiroga Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto , Batista Ana Sancha Malveira , Dantas Guerra Ingrid Conceição , Fernandes Rafaella de Paula Paseto , Pereira Filho José Morais , Silva Aderbal Marcos de Azevedo
Published: April 2020

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory properties of the meat of Santa Ines lambs subjected to quantitative nutrient restrictions. Twenty-four confined animals received diets with 30% and 60% feeding restriction levels, and were compared to a controlled group without feeding restrictions (ad libitum). After slaughter, the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle was collected for the evaluation, being the lamb meat was affected by the feeding restrictions (p < 0.05). The lipid content decreased with the increased restriction, whereas the shear strength, the lightness (L*) and the red index (a*) were lower in lambs treated with the 60% restriction and there were significant variation (p < 0.05) in the sensory properties according to diet. Due to the greater score in relation to aroma and similarity to control with respect to flavor, tenderness and overall evaluation, the 30% feeding restriction level can be considered an economic and efficient alternative for the maintenance of quality in lamb meat.
Las cuentas de vidrio de la iglesia de San Gabriel Tacuba (México): un puente entre dos mundos
Authors: Torres Andreia
Published: April 2020

Resumen Este trabajo reflexiona sobre el lugar que ocuparon los abalorios en las relaciones entre europeos, africanos y americanos durante la conquista y colonización de la Nueva España. Se destaca su repercusión particular para las comunidades nativas del Valle de México, que no habían visto el vidrio artificial antes de la conquista, para indagar en su significado en el proceso de incorporación del ‘exótico europeo’ en América. Así se pretende romper con una visión unidireccional de esos fenómenos, subrayando la agencia indígena pero igualmente el impacto de sus cuerpos con cuentas en la subsecuente valoración europea de esos adornos. Para el efecto, se escogió la colección arqueológica recuperada en la iglesia de San Gabriel de Tacuba (México) que traduce una realidad compleja donde los abalorios permitieron transitar entre el mundo de los vivos y el de los muertos, de la cultura prehispánica a la virreinal, o de las representaciones europeas medievales a las modernas.
Representações e Ancoragens Sociais do Novo Coronavírus e do Tratamento da COVID-19 por Brasileiros
Authors: Do Bú Emerson Araújo , Alexandre Maria Edna Silva de , Bezerra Viviane Alves dos Santos , Sá-Serafim Roseane Christhina da Nova , Coutinho Maria da Penha de Lima
Published: April 2020

Objetivou-se neste estudo apreender a gênese das Representações Sociais (RS) do novo coronavírus, bem como do tratamento da COVID-19, considerando-se diferentes ancoragens sociais de brasileiros. Contou-se com 595 participantes, prevalentemente do sexo feminino (69,9%) e da região Nordeste do Brasil (64,9%). Os dados coletados, através de um questionário online, permitiram análises de Classificações Hierárquicas Descendentes, indicando que a gênese das RS do novo coronavírus é marcada por preocupações relativas à sua disseminação, implicações psicossociais e afetivas. Já o campo representacional do tratamento, enfatiza a remissão ou à amenização dos sintomas causados pela COVID-19. As variações nas RS identificadas nesta pesquisa, em função dos diferentes grupos sociais, indicam que futuras intervenções devem considerar as especificidades destes na disseminação de representações e práticas sociais direcionadas para conter o estado pandêmico.
Vulnerabilidade das microrregiões da Região Sul do Brasil à pandemia do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Emer Carine , Maia Kate P , Santana Pamela C , Santana Erika M , Silva Danilo G M da , Cosmo Leandro G , Assis Ana P A , Burin Gustavo , Cantor Mauricio , Lemos-Costa Paula , Velásquez Viviane M , Birskis-Barros Irina , Gaiarsa Marília P , Medeiros Lucas P , Marquitti Flavia M D , Côrtes Marina C , Dáttilo Wesley F , Andreazzi Cecilia S , Pires Mathias M , Melo Diogo , Migon Eduardo X F G , Raimundo Rafael L G , Guimarães Jr Paulo
Published: April 2020

Este é o primeiro relatório do Observatório COVID19 - Grupo: Redes de Contágio – Laboratório de Estudos de Defesa para a região Sul do Brasil. Combinamos dados de casos confirmados do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) para o Sul, disponíveis até o dia 17/04/2020, com análises estruturais da rede de rotas rodoviárias intra e interestaduais para estimarmos a vulnerabilidade e potencial influência das microrregiões sulinas na propagação da doença.
Ascend by Evolv: Artificial Intelligence‐Based Massively Multivariate Conversion Rate Optimization
Authors: Miikkulainen Risto , Brundage Myles , Epstein Jonathan , Foster Tyler , Hodjat Babak , Iscoe Neil , Jiang Jingbo , Legrand Diego , Nazari Sam , Qiu Xin , Scharff Michael , Schoolland Cory , Severn Robert , Shagrin Aaron
Published: April 2020

Conversion rate optimization (CRO) means designing an e‐commerce web interface so that as many users as possible take a desired action such as registering for an account, requesting a contact, or making a purchase. Such design is usually done by hand, evaluating one change at a time through A/B testing, evaluating all combinations of two or three variables through multivariate testing, or evaluating multiple variables independently. Traditional CRO is thus limited to a small fraction of the design space only, and often misses important interactions between the design variables. This article describes Ascend by Evolv,1 an automatic CRO system that uses evolutionary search to discover effective web interfaces given a human‐designed search space. Design candidates are evaluated in parallel online with real users, making it possible to discover and use interactions between the design elements that are difficult to identify otherwise. A commercial product since September 2016, Ascend has been applied to numerous web interfaces across industries and search space sizes, with up to fourfold improvements over human design. Ascend can therefore be seen as massively multivariate CRO made possible by artificial intelligence.
Early Description of Coronavirus 2019 Disease in Kidney Transplant Recipients in New York
Authors:   The Columbia University Kidney Transplant Program
Published: April 2020

Significance Statement

Currently, the clinical presentation, optimal management strategy, and outcomes for patients with kidney transplants who develop COVID-19 infection remain unknown. The description of our cohort represents the first cohort of patients with kidney transplants and COVID-19 infection and includes clinical features, markers of inflammation, and a strategy for management that includes both immunosuppression reduction and the use of adjuvant therapy, including hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and tocilizumab. This approach appears to have resulted in favorable outcomes in our cohort of hospitalized kidney transplant patients and provides an effective treatment strategy for the management of these patients

Background

The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although immunosuppressed individuals are thought to be at an increased risk of severe disease, little is known about their clinical presentation, disease course, or outcomes.

Methods

We report 15 kidney transplant recipients from the Columbia University kidney transplant program who required hospitalization for confirmed COVID-19, and describe their management, clinical course, and outcomes.

Results

Patients presented most often with a fever (87%) and/or cough (67%). Initial chest x-ray most commonly showed bilateral infiltrates, but 33% had no acute radiographic findings. Patients were managed with immunosuppression reduction and the addition of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. Although 27% of our patients needed mechanical ventilation, over half were discharged home by the end of follow-up.

Conclusions

Kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 have presentations that are similar to that of the general population. Our current treatment protocol appears to be associated with favorable outcomes, but longer follow-up of a larger cohort of patients is needed.
Low-energy electron beam irradiation effect on Al/SiO2/Si structure voltage-farad characteristics
Authors: Kulanchikov Yu. O. , Vergeles P. S. , Yakimov E. B.
Published: April 2020

The effect of electron irradiation with energy of 2.5 keV on the MOS structure Al/SiO2/Si capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics have been studied. At chosen beam energy the electron penetration depth is lower than the dielectric thickness that allows to reveal the contribution of excess carrier transport to the trap formation on the SiO2/Si interface. It was established that the electron beam irradiation leads to a significant change in the C-V characteristics slope, i.e. to to the trap formation at the interface. A study of effect of bias applied to the investigated structure before and during the electron beam irradiation was carried out. It was established that while the bias applied before irradiation practically did not affect the C-V characteristics of the investigated MOS structure, the positive voltage applied to metallization during irradiation produced a pronounced effect on the C-V curve changes. At the same time the C-V characteristics after irradiation with zero and negative voltage were very similar. The investigation of stability of changes produced by the electron beam irradiation showed that the C-V curves are slowly restored even at room temperature. An applied negative bias was found to slow down the charge relaxation process.
The South African Prosecutor in the Face of Adverse Pre-Trial Publicity
Authors: Broughton David Whitefield Melvyn
Published: April 2020

Pre-trial publicity regarding a pending criminal case, which publicity may be in the form of media coverage of the case or a prior decision given in parallel judicial proceedings arising from substantially the same facts as the criminal matter, may be adverse to an accused. Such media publicity or findings contained in the parallel judicial decision may implicate the accused in the commission of the crime on which he or she is to stand trial. The publicity may, for example, suggest that the accused is "guilty" of the crime charged, or that the accused is of bad character having had the propensity to commit the crime. Conversely, pre-trial publicity may portray the accused as innocent of any criminal wrongdoing. In other words, pre-trial publicity may prejudge the issues that are to be adjudicated on at trial. A central question that may arise in these instances is whether there is a real and substantial risk that such publicity would materially affect or prejudice the impartial adjudication of the criminal case; that is to say, whether the publicity is likely to have a biasing effect on the trial court in the adjudication process or the outcome of the trial, thereby imperilling the constitutional right to a fair trial.

Another key consideration, in respect of which there is scant literature and case-law, is the question of the impact which adverse pre-trial publicity may have on the prosecutor in instituting and conducting a prosecution. Being unduly influenced by such publicity, a prosecutor may impinge upon the accused's right to a fair trial. There is also a dearth of authority on how the prosecutor is to function in the face of pre-trial publicity which may be prejudicial to the accused. This article seeks to explore these aspects vis-à-vis the prosecutor. It is posited that in an adversarial criminal justice system the same level of impartiality required of the presiding judicial officer is not required of the prosecutor, and that prosecutorial bias towards the guilt of an accused is inevitable where the prosecutor decides to institute a prosecution after studying the police case docket. Thus, exposure of the prosecutor to virulent pre-trial publicity would not be inimical to the fair disposition of the accused's trial provided that the prosecutor conducts the trial fairly and without undue prejudice to the accused and is dedicated to assisting the court in arriving at the truth. Moreover, additional knowledge and understanding of a case which a prosecutor gains from an extraneous source does not amount to bias or prejudice.
Análisis exploratorio del desperdicio de alimentos en plato en Comedores Escolares en España
Authors: Bustamente María , Afonso Ana , De los Rios Ignacio
Published: April 2020

La investigación se enmarca en una relación Universidad-Sociedad civil, que se articula en la Cátedra Bancos de Alimentos UPM-FESBAL, como un medio para establecer una colaboración estratégica a largo plazo, con el fin de “Trabajar con la gente”, para conseguir un consumo racional y solidario. Comprender mejor el proceso de generación de desperdicios en los comedores escolares representa una oportunidad clara para la aplicación de medidas frente al desperdicio alimentario, debido a que la infancia es el mejor momento para crear conciencia sobre la importancia de abordar este problema. El desperdicio en plato en comedores escolares es causado por la poca receptividad de los alumnos frente al menú, lo que se ve afectado por factores propios de cada comensal y por factores contextuales. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo aproximar la cantidad de desperdicio en plato en comedores escolares en España e identificar posibles factores condicionantes a nivel contextual, a partir del análisis de 118 comedores escolares en 14 comunidades autónomas. Los resultados muestran que, a nivel territorial, existen diferencias significativas entre los desperdicios en costa e interior. A nivel de centro educativo, sucede lo mismo entre los desperdicios medidos antes y después de actividades de sensibilización. Finalmente, los resultados muestran que el desperdicio por tipo de menú difiere según la región en la que se ubica el centro educativo, lo que da indicios de la relación entre la región y el grado de aceptación o preferencias por menús.
The Stimulation of Written Texts in Students from Espiritu Santo University through the Scientific Communication and Research Methodology Classes
Authors: Prieto-Lopez Yeimer , Ayala-Pazmino Fabricio
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a theoretical-methodological analysis was conducted on the teaching of the construction of written texts in The Espiritu Santo University (UEES, in its Spanish acronym) Scientific Communication classes, with an interdisciplinary nature, conceived from the bibliographic review and the use of updated criteria on the subject. As a result, the aim is to explain the importance of textual construction as an interdisciplinary ability. The need for the application of this functional component was demonstrated not only by specialized teachers of Language and Communication but of other subjects such as Research Methodology and Academic Writing. It also became evident that they constitute a cognitive domain that is common in the work of all the subjects and a pillar on which the efficiency of communication is based, while it also promotes essential skills for the performance of education professionals, as well as competences in communication and research.
Motivational Effects of the Case Method on Chinese ESP Learners
Authors: Yu Zhiqiang
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the present research is to investigate the motivational effects of the case method on Chinese ESP (English for Specific Purposes) learners. A questionnaire consisting of 23 items was designed and a factor analysis was conducted. Results show that the case method involves four motivational dimensions: extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, competition, and self-efficacy. Our findings include: 1) The case method motivates the Chinese ESP learners both intrinsically and extrinsically; 2) The competition factor was found to have a substantial impact on Chinese ESP learners’ motivation; and 3) The case method is likely to maximize the Chinese ESP learners’ self-efficacy.
Metaphor Construction in Caci Performance of Manggarai Speech Community
Authors: Jama Karolus Budiman , Ardika I Wayan , Ardhana I Ketut , Setiawan I Ketut , Menggo Sebastianus
Published: April 2020

The construction of metaphoric expressions has awesome power in organising flexible performance aesthetics. It provides new angles on values of cultural rituals, encourages interlocutors’ psychological functions in producing appropriate figurative languages, utilises awareness of all forms of linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge, and increases the awareness of a community’s values, belief systems, ideologies, and culture intertwined in speakers’ minds. The aims of this study were to analyse and disclose the metaphor constructions in caci performance. The study was conducted between February and October 2018 and involved 24 caci actors from six villages in the Manggarai region, East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. Interviews, a set of stationery, field notes, and audio-visual recordings were used to collect data. These data were then analysed qualitatively through the phenomenological method. The findings revealed that caci performance is thick with metaphor usage, such as animal, plant, physical, and water metaphors, and these were used in three stages of caci performance. Two ideologies underline caci performance, namely pragmatism and indoctrism. Caci actors are advised to employ metaphoric expressions to help them think and act, to reflect on living in harmony, and to deliver cultural values to the younger generation appropriately.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of the US and China Political Speeches—Based on the Two Speeches Respectively by Trump and Wang Yi in the General Debate of the 72nd Session of UN Assembly
Authors: Zhu Lei , Wang Wei
Published: April 2020

The research attempts to analyze two political discourses delivered respectively by American president Donald Trump and Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi in the 72nd session of UN assembly. With Fairclough’s 3-Dimensional Discourse Model as the analytical framework, we make an investigation into the two political discourses so as to gain insights into the interplay of discourse, ideology and society, by examining linguistic characteristics of text, discursive and social practice dimensions. On the first dimension of text, we find that both leaders prefer Judgment resources to the other two resources within the Affect System in their remarks, by resorting to the new advancement in Systemic Functional Grammar—Martin’s Attitude subsystem under his Appraisal framework, and closely examining the interpersonal metafunctions, coupled with statistical measures. Within the Judgment subsystem, there exist significant differences between the two speeches in terms of Tenacity+ resources. On the dimension of discursive practice, our research reveals that both leaders use a great number of intertextuality resources in the remarks. Besides, both leaders have a preference to the sub-category of “The Original Producer of Discourse being the Speaker’s Compatriots” under the category of “Intertextuality”. That is, Wang Yi has a preference for the lines of Chinese sages in the Antiquity, whereas Trump is fond of using intertextuality resources from a diversity of domains, such as laws and statues, legal texts and documents of governments. Lastly, we develop an understanding of roles played by “American First” ideology and Chinese government’s national interest in today’s political arena through analyzing technologizing means of discourses.
Communicative Competence of the Saudi Learners of English at the Faculty of Languages and Translation, King Khalid University
Authors: Al-Shamiry Rafiq Ali Mohamed
Published: April 2020

Saudi students of English at the tertiary level King Khalid University, encounter so many difficulties in real communicative situations due to the influence of the traditional methods of teaching English at the intermediate and secondary schools. The researcher conducted a questionnaire consists of eight questions in order to find out the main difficulties of the learners. The sample of the pilot study was ten students and the actual population of the study was ninety students from level four and eight. The learners' responses indicate that they lack the needed skills of communication strategies which usually lead to communication breakdown. For example, they change the topic when they feel there are some gaps in their speech. This literally means that students resort to risk-avoiding instead of risk-taking. The findings of the study point out the extent to which the Saudi students' first language influences their tendency of using some of the target language communication strategies. It is recommended that the linguistic competence should be taught implicitly whereas the functional competence should be taught explicitly during spoken English classes which may compensate for their lack of exposure to the target language.
C-E Translation of Jiang Zilong’s Short Story Mr. Big on the Basis of Functional Equivalence Theory
Authors: Shen Min
Published: April 2020

In recent years, an increasing amount of excellent foreign novels and short stories are translated and introduced into China while limited Chinese short stories are presented overseas. This paper, on the basis of Nida’s functional equivalence theory, analyzes and reviews the translated version of the short story “Mr. Big” written by Jiang Zilong through the application of functional equivalence theory from lexical and syntactic level. The translator, with the target language reader at the core, fully comprehends the original text, emotions, style, and mood of the short story, and appropriately uses various translation methods, such as transliteration with annotation and literal translation for translating culture-loaded words; literal translation, liberal translation, supplementary translation, divided translation, adapted translation, conversed translation, etc. to faithfully reproduce the original content and artistic style of the original work, and achieve functional equivalence. This paper is supposed to enhance the foreign understanding of Jiang Zilong’s short story and to provide reference and inspirations for Chinese-English translation of novels and short stories.
The Impact of Linguistic and Cultural Competence on Translation Quality: Pedagogical Insights into Translation Problems
Authors: Asiri Safiah Ali M. , Metwally Amal Abdelsattar
Published: April 2020

The act of translation inside classroom undertakes a great deal of students’ mistakes either grammatical or lexical (i.e. metaphoric, idiomatic, collocational) and some feedback as well. Many studies have concentrated on studying the reasons behind committing such mistakes on the level of undergraduates. However, this paper will start with shedding light on some samples of students’ mistakes to reach instructor-perspective proposed solutions at the end. The study aims at assisting both instructors and institutions of translation to apply pedagogical solutions to their students or translation courses. Moreover, the study further attempts to explore the impact of students’ cultural and linguistic competence on the quality of translation. Researchers adopted a selective analytical method, mainly quantitative, in studying students’ mistakes in the course of Translation 2 in the 1st semester during the academic year 2019-2020 at the English Department - Female Division - Faculty of Languages and Translation - King Khalid University, and then proposed solutions. The language pair discussed here is Arabic-English-Arabic.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM HOMESCHOOLING UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI DI SABUMI–HOMESCHOOLING MUSLIM NUSANTARA BANDUNG
Authors: Dalila Aghnia , Kurniati Euis , Komang I Gusti
Published: April 2020

Implementasi Program Homeschooling Untuk Anak Usia Dini di SABUMI –Homeschooling Muslim Nusantara (HSMN) Bandung. Homeschooling kini menjadi pilihan bagi orang tua untuk mendidik anak. Penyebabnya karena berita negatif yang diakses mengenai pendidikan formal, hal ini mengurangi kepercayaan orang tua terhadap pendidikan formal. Homeschooling terdapat keunggulan dan kelemahan. Komunitas adalah salah satu solusi mengatasi kelemahan tersebut, namun isu negatif homeschooling muncul dikarenakan kurangnya mencari informasi mengenai program homeschooling yang dibentuk oleh komunitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi program homeschooling untuk anak usia dini di SABUMI-Homeschooling Muslim Nusantara (HSMN) Bandung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini  menggunakan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dengan wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program homeschooling untuk anak usia dini di SABUMI-HSMN Bandung dapat mengatasi isu negatif homeschooling dengan rancangan program homeschooling untuk anak yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Implementasi program homeschooling untuk anak usia dini di SABUMI-HSMN Bandung menggunakan media sosial yaitu whatsApp untuk program online dan program offline sebagai pelengkap agar menjadi kesatuan yang utuh. Kendala condong terdapat dari internal yang sangat membutuhkan komitmen dari anggota dalam mengimplementasikan program homeschooling. Rekomendasi bagi pengelola SABUMI-HSMN Bandung membuat SOP kinerja dan evaluasi setiap program online–offline,membuka pendaftaran serta peraturan dengan syarat ketentuan yang berlaku untuk anggota terdaftar menjadi pengurus SABUMI-HSMN Bandung. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk memperluas subjek penelitian dengan lingkup keluarga.
MENINGKATKAN KECERDASAN KINESTETIK MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN SENI PENCAK SILAT
Authors: Dwidana Rizki , Komang I Gusti , Gustiana Asep Deni
Published: April 2020

Pelaksanaan pembelajaran di PAUD GAMUS Bandung lebih didominasi dengan metode konvensional yang mengakibatkan anak kurang aktif dalam bergerak. Maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi objektif kecerdasan kinestetik anak, mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran seni pencak silat dan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kecerdasan kinestetik anak setelah dilaksanakan pembelajaran tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) pada 18 anak di PAUD GAMUS Bandung. Desain pembelajaran seni pencak silat yang digunakan mengacu pada desain pembelajaran seni tari untuk anak usia dini meliputi (a) tujuan; (b) materi pembelajaran; (c) metode; (d) sarana dan prasarana; (e) proses pembelajaran; dan (f) evaluasi telah tercapai pada setiap siklus. Pada pra siklus, terdapat 14 anak (77,78%) yang memiliki kecerdasan kinestetik pada kategori kurang, 4 anak (22,22%) pada kategori cukup dan 0 anak (0,00%) pada kategori baik. Pada akhir siklus, terdapat 0 anak (0,00%) yang memiliki kecerdasan kinestetik pada kategori kurang, 3 anak (16,67%) pada kategori cukup dan 14 anak (83,33%) pada kategori baik. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran seni pencak silat dapat meningkatkan kecerdasan kinestetik anak.
MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS DALAM MELUKIS PADA ANAK MELALUI KEGIATAN CANDLE MAGIC PAINTING
Authors: Gustini Dini , Rudiyanto Rudiyanto , Mariyana Rita
Published: April 2020

Meningkatkan Kreativitas dalam Melukis pada Anak Melalui Kegiatan Candle Magic Painting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui gambaran mengenai bagaimana peningkatan kreativitas dalam melukis anak melalui kegiatan candle magic painting, mengetahui kondisi objektif sebelum dan sesudah diadakan penelitianMetode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan melakukan kolaborasi dengan guru kelas. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada anak kelompok B di TK Muslimat Baiturrohmah Kecamatan Astanaanyar Bandung, dengan jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 15 orang anak yang berusia 5-6 tahun. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa pedoman observasi kreativitas anak. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan empat tahap yaitu tahap perencanaan, tahap pelaksanaan, tahap observasi, dan refleksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua siklus yaitu Siklus I dan Siklus II pada setiap siklusnya terdiri dari 2 tindakan. Kondisi awal kemampuan kreativitas anak dalam melukis di kelompok B TK Muslimat Baiturrohmah masih belum berkembang secara optimal, dengan persentase kategori kurang (K) 45.83%, kategori cukup (C) 47.5%, dan kategori baik (B) 6.67%. namu setelah diberikan kegiatan melukis melalui kegiatan candle magic painting kemampuan kreativitas dalam melukis anak mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Presentase kemampuan kreativitas dalam melukis anak dengan kategori kurang (K) menjadi 2.5%, kategori cukup (C) 25%, dan kategori baik (B) 72.5%.
PENGGUNAAN METODE CERDAS BERBHASA INDONESIA FONIK (CBIFONIK) UNTUK MELATIH KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN ANAK
Authors: Salamah Ulfah , Agustin Mubiar , Romadona Nur Faizah
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya opini bahwa anak-anak mengalami kesulitan dalam pembelajaran membaca dan menulis sehingga anak kurang memberikan minat yang baik dalam pelajaran membaca. Penguasaan dan pemahaman anak dalam tahapan membaca permulaan masih abstrak, anak masih cenderung menghafal huruf atau bacaan bukan paham dalam membaca. Penguasaan guru dalam pemahaman pembelajaran membaca dan menulis cukup baik. Peran guru dalam proses pembelajaran cukup komunikatif dan guru sudah  menggunakan metode serta media pembelajaran dengan baik. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana melatih kemampuan membaca permulaan menggunakan metode cerdas berbahasa indonesia fonik di taman kanak-kanak.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi dalam penggunaan metode cerdas berbahasa indonesia fonik (CBIFonik) dalam melatih kemampuan membaca permulaan di Taman Kanak-kanak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Studi Kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, dan wali kelas kelompok B. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) perencanaan untuk menggunakan CBIFonik di TK cukup baik dan tersusun; (2) penerapan metode Cerdas Berbahasa Indonesia Fonik (CBIFonik) dapat dilakukan dengan cara yangbervariasi dan menyenangkan sehingga membantu meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan di taman kanak-kanak; (3) alat dan cara evaluasi penerapan kemampuan membaca permulaan di TK sudah tepat.Penggunaan metode cerdas berbahasa indonesia fonik diterapkan melalui aktitas rutin atau kegiatan sehari-hari, setiap hari senin-jumat. Sarana dan prasarana, media atau sumber belajar yang ada sudah dapat menunjang terlaksananya penerapan metode cerdas berbahasa indonesia fonik (CBIFonik) di TKIT An Nahdhoh.
ANALISIS PERILAKU SOSIAL ANAK DITINJAU DARI URUTAN KELAHIRAN
Authors: Fauziyyah Nur Hamifa , Rachmawati Yeni , Kurniati Euis
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik perilaku sosial anak ditinjau dari urutan kelahiran yang terdiri dari anak sulung, anak tengah, anak bungsu dan anak tunggal. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penelitian survei dengan populasi merupakan seluruh orang tua siswa Taman Kanak-kanak se-Kecamatan Sukasari Kota Bandung, dengan jumlah keseluruhan anak sebanyak 725 dari 13 Taman kanak-kanak di Kecamatan Sukasari Kota Bandung. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu Simple Random Sampling, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 258 orang tua siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data berupa angket perilaku sosial anak yang dikembangkan sendiri oleh peneliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik perilaku sosial anak tunggal dominan pada tiga aspek yaitu pada aspek kepemimpinan perolehan persentase sebesar 94,88%, kemandirian sebesar 71,80% dan persahabatan sebesar 94,87%. Sementara itu untuk anak tengah dominan pada dua aspek yaitu pada aspek pengendalian diri perolehan persentase sebesar 58,14% dan penyesuaian diri sebesar 51,16%. Dan untuk anak bungsu dominan pada satu aspek yaitu prestasi dengan perolehan persentase sebesar 87,21%. Untuk persentase keseluruhan aspek yang dominan yaitu anak tunggal sebesar 73,08%, sementara untuk anak bungsu sebesar 69,77%, anak tengah 67,44% dan anak sulung sebesar 62,74%. Rekomendasi bagi orang tua sebaiknya dapat memahami perilaku sosial masing-masing anaknya sesuai dengan urutan kelahirannya. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menggunakan metode lain agar hasil penelitian dapat berkembang dan melahirkan ide-ide baru yang lebih baik.
KECEPATAN MENAMBAH KOSAKATA BAHASA SUNDA ANAK MELALUI KEGIATAN NGAWIH PUPUH SUNDA
Authors: Oktapiani Cica Sri , Rudiyanto Rudiyanto , Kurniawati Leli
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh permasalahan yang muncul pada anak-anak Kelompok B Kelas Ubur-Ubur TK Labortorium Percontohan UPI, yaitu masih rendahnya kosakata Bahasa Sunda anak yang terlihat dari hasil observasi bahwa 90% anak berada pada kategori kurang dan 10% berada pada kategori cukup. Karena pentingnya kosakata Bahasa Sunda anak dalam kehidupan sehari-hari maka diperlukan upaya untuk menambah kosakata bahasa sunda anak, salah satunya melalui kegiatan ngawih pupuh sunda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah kegiatan ngawih pupuh sunda dapat menambah kosakata Bahasa Sunda anak pada Kelompok B Kelas Ubur-Ubur Tk Labortorium Percontohan UPI. Metode penelitian yag digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) kolaboratif anatara peneliti dan guru kelas. Penelitian ini mengadaptasi desain Kemmis dan McTaggart. Lokasi penelitian di laksanakan di Tk Laboratorium Percontoha UPI dengan partisipan sebayak 10 anak. Hasil penelitian yang di dapatkan pada kondisi awal menambah kosakata bahasa sunda menunjukan sebagian besar anak berada pada kategori kurang (K). pada akhir siklus I terlihat penambahan kosakata sebagan besar anak mulai berada pada kategori cukup (C). kemudian peningkatan yang signifikan muncul pada akhir siklus II yaitu sebagia besar anak berada pada kategori baik (B). kegiatan ngawih pupuh sunda ternyata dapat menambah kosakata bahasa sunda anak khususnya Kelompok B Kelas Ubur-Ubur Tk Labortorium Percontohan UPI.
PROFIL KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU TAMAN KANAK-KANAK DITINJAU DARI KUALIFIKASI AKADEMIK
Authors: Karimah Nadia , Setiasih Ocih , Rudiyanto Rudiyanto
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan profil kompetensi profesional guru TK ditinjau dari kualifikasi akademik dengan kategori guru yang memiliki ijazah terakhir S1 yang relevan dengan bidang PAUD dan S1 yang tidak relevan dengan bidang PAUD. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian ex post facto. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru TK di Kecamatan Cibinong Kabupaten Bogor yang terdiri dari 38 guru S1 yang relevan dengan bidang PAUD dan 37 guru S1 yang tidak relevan dengan bidang PAUD. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada Permendikbud No. 137 Tahun 2014 yang kemudian dikembangkan oleh peneliti. Analisis statistik yang digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan profil kompetensi profesional pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji Independent Sample T-test. Hasil penelitian ini terdiri dari 1) Profil kompetensi profesional guru S1 yang relevan dengan bidang PAUD berada pada kategori tinggi 84,97 %, sedangkan pada guru S1 yang tidak relevan dengan bidang PAUD berada pada kategori tinggi 72,97 %. 2) Profil kualifikasi akademik guru TK di Kecamatan Cibinong Kabupaten Bogor yaitu terdapat 50,67 % guru yang memiliki ijazah terakhir S1 yang relevan dengan bidang PAUD dan 49,33 % guru yang memiliki ijazah terakhir S1 yang tidak relevan dengan bidang PAUD. 3) Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,021 0,05) antara guru S1 yang relevan dan tidak relevan dengan PAUD. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, peneliti memberikan rekomendasi kepada guru TK agar memenuhi standar kualifikasi akademik guna meningkatkan kompetensi profesional.
KETELIBATAN ORANGTUA DALAM MENGOPTIMALKAN KEMAMPUAN BELAJAR ANAK
Authors: Asmawati Asmawati , Listiana Aan , Romadona Nur Faizah
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran keterlibatan orangtua dalam mengoptimalkan kemampuan belajar anak Se-Kecamatan Sukasari Kota Bandung  Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian ini adalah orang tua yang mempunyai anak  berusia TK di kelompok B Se-Kecamatan Sukasri Kota Bandung dengan jumlah sampel 120 orang tua. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik Simple Random Sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah berupa kuesioner/angket dengan hasil uji reabilitas dan validasi yang telah dilakukan dengan hasil baik tentang keterlibatan orang tua yang dikembangkan sendiri oleh peneliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan orang tua di kecamatan Sukasari Kota Bandung secara umum berada pada persentase sedang yaitu 62,50%. Adapun bentuk keterlibatan orangtua dilingkungan rumah  yaitu pada aspek memberikan pengasuhan diperoleh sebesar 47,50%, menjalin komunikasi sebesar 63,30%, membelajarkan anak dirumah sebesar 53%, dan berkolaborasi dengan masyarakat  sebesar 32,80%. bentuk keterlibatan orangtua dilingkungan sekolah yaitu berperan mengambil keputusan disekolah sebesar 45%, menjalin komunikasi antara orangtua dan guru disekolah sebesar 40,80%, menjadi sukarelawan disekolah  sebesar 60,84%. Rekomendasi bagi orangtua sebaiknya dapat berperan aktif melibatkan diri dalam mengoptimalkan kemampuan belajar anak. Bagi guru PAUD diharapkan dapat berkolaborasi dengan orangtua dalam mengoptimalkan kemampuan belajar pada anak. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya yang meneliti dengan topik yang sama, dapat melakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode yang berbeda.
PENGARUH METODE BERCERITA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA CELEMEK MULTIGUNA TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KOSAKATA BAHASA INGGRIS ANAK
Authors: Febiyanti Anita , Rachmawati Yeni , Mariyana Rita
Published: April 2020

Era globalisasi saat ini, menuntut sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan mampu berkomunikasi dalam bahasa asing terutama bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa internasional. Untuk menciptakan manusia unggul yang berdaya saing tinggi, bahasa Inggris hendaknya mulai diperkenalkan kepada anak usia dini. Keberhasilan mengajarkan kosakata bahasa Inggris kepada anak tergantung pada metode dan media pembelajaran yang digunakan. Pada penelitian ini penulis mencoba menggunakan metode bercerita dengan menggunakan media celemek multiguna. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat penguasaan kosakata bahasa Inggris anak sebelum dan sesudah diterapkan metode bercerita dengan menggunakan media celemek multiguna dan apakah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap kosakata bahasa Inggris anak sebelum dan sesudah diterapkannya metode dan media tersebut. Pada penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuasi eksperimen. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kelompok A di PG-TK Darul Hikam, dimana kelas A1 sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelas A2 sebagai kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan nilai 0,000 0,05 hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tingkat penguasaan kosakata bahasa Inggris anak antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen setelah dilakukan treatment. Dengan demikian, artinya terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari metode bercerita dengan menggunakan media celemek multiguna terhadap penguasaan kosakata bahasa Inggris anak. Untuk memperkuat analisis penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan alat bantu berupa tabel dan grafik. Diharapkan untuk peneliti selanjutnya dapat menggunakan metode dan media yang lebih bervariasi dan memiliki landasan teori yang kuat dalam penelitian.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERHITUNG MELALUI BERMAIN KOIN DAN KARTU ANGKA
Authors: Cendani Yustisia , Setiasih Ocih , Kurniati Euis
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh  rendahnya kemampuan berhitung anak kelas A TK PGRI Lebakwangi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak kelas A TK PGRI Lebakwangi dengan jumlah 13 orang dan jumlah guru 2 orang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kondisi objektif kemampuan berhitung anak, pelaksanaan bermain koin dan kartu angka, serta peningkatan kemampuan berhitung anak setelah diterapkannya bermain koin dan kartu angka. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa kemampuan berhitung anak mengalami peningkatan. Peningkatan tersebut terlihat dari kriteria baik (B) yang didapat pada prasiklus sebesar 0%, siklus I sebesar 7,69%, siklus II sebesar 30,76%, siklus III sebesar 53,84%, dan siklus IV sebesar 84,61%. Berdasarkan data tersebut terbukti bahwa kemampuan berhitung  anak terus meningkat setelah dilakukannya pembelajaran melalui media bermain koin dan kartu angka. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah bermain dengan menggunakan media koin dan kartu angka dapat dijadikan wahana yang sangat efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung anak.