bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Random Distortions in the Elements of the Basic Cell for an Analog-Digital Pipelined Converter
Authors: González Ricardo Francisco Martínez
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an analysis of random distortions in the elements of the basic cell for an analog-digital pipelined converter. Pipelined converters are popular for their high sampling rates and resolution ranges. Each basic cell has a few-bit digital-analog converter connected to its output with a digital-to-analog converter to compare the input signal. This study aims to analyze the effects of random variations in the converters' elements. The proposed system is designed, with experiments conducted to observe the effects of distortions. The results of simulated architecture and distortion tests are presented, and the reached conclusions are presented in the fourth section. The basic cell used to build the converter is described in Equation 1, which describes the cell's operation. Six cells cascade-connected were used to construct the converter, with the input of the first block being the input and its output connected to the input of the second station. The true output of the converter is constructed by each of the output bits of each cell, with the bit of the first station being the most significant bit until reaching the output bit in the last cell.
AI-Driven Test Case Optimization: Enhancing Efficiency in Software Testing Life Cycle
Authors: Ali K M Yaqub , Akter Sumi
Published: January 2025

As the development of software products grows more intricate, creative ways must be found to guarantee the adequacy and efficiency of the testing. AI has become one the most effective and popular techniques in software testing specifically to the test case generation and optimization. This paper focuses on the use of artificial intelligence which spans from machine learning, deep learning and natural language processing in enhancing software testing life cycle. Organizations may significantly reduce test coverage, effort, and cost associated with manual testing while simultaneously increasing software quality by implementing AIbased tools. The paper also discusses the issues specific to integrating test case generation based on artificial intelligence and machine learning including the issue of data quality and the integration of the algorithm with current test cases, and lastly the issue of expertise.
Keep your resolutions simple
Authors: Gelinas Lillee
Published: January 2025

New Years resolutions: Keep them simple, measurable, and doable.
Putting health policy into perspective
Authors: Kuebler Kim
Published: January 2025

Health policy has a direct impact on nursing practice.
MICROCALCITE IN THE COMPOSITION OF FINE-GRAINED CONCRETES ON CEMENTS WITH A NORMALIZED ACTIVITY INDEX AND LOW-ACTIVITY CEMENT
Authors: Svetlana BARKOVSKAY
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of microcalcite (finely ground marble) on the properties of fine-grained concrete made on cement with a normalized activity index, as well as the results of the possibility of manufacturing fine-grained concretes, with the introduction of microcalcite, replacing part of the consumption of cement that has lost its activity during long-term storage. It is shown that the use of microcalcite in combination with a superplasticizer can be used as a modifier of concrete strength to increase this indicator or in the manufacture of fine-grained concretes on cements with low activity values without additional activation.
THE PROBLEM OF AN EDGE CRACK IN A HALF-PLANE
Authors: PEROVA Olga , LAVIT Igor
Published: January 2025

The problem of stretching a half-plane with an edge crack by a distributed load was solved by Koiter and Wigglesworth. Their solutions obtained using integral transformations are very complex; therefore, attempts have been made to solve the problem by other methods. These methods are also more complicated than the classical methods of Kolosov and Muskhelishvili and are suitable only for a narrow class of problems. But there may be an idea that it is impossible to solve the problem of a crack in a half-plane and similar problems using classical methods. However, this is not the case, which is confirmed by the present work. The problem is solved by decomposing derivatives of complex potentials into power series, in combination with a conformal mapping of the unit circle to the area under consideration. For the coefficients of the series, an infinite system of linear algebraic equations is obtained. The advantages of the resulting solution lie both in the generality of the method by which it was obtained and in its simplicity: it makes it easy to find not only the intensity factor of the strain.
PERCOLATION MODEL OF DEGRADATION OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: VOLKOVA Svetlana
Published: January 2025

Modern building materials science is tackling an urgent task of designing effective composite building materials with high chemical resistance and durability. The method of degradation functions allows estimating with a given reliability the degradation of building materials and structures used in aggressive environments and to predict the change in their bearing capacity and rigidity, which is of practical interest. Degradation functions can be determined experimentally and from the analysis of degradation models showing the distribution of damage volume and mechanical properties over the cross-sectional area of the sample.
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS OF BEARING RIBS OF LARGE-SIZED COMBINED PANELS ON A WOODEN FRAME
Authors: ZHADANOV Viktor , NESTERENKO Maxim , PINAYKIN Igor
Published: January 2025

Large-sized combined panels on a wooden frame are widely used in domestic and foreign construction practice, combining all the well-known advantages of wood as a building material. The effectiveness of their application is achieved by combining load-bearing and enclosing functions, when the main load-bearing ribs work together with the sheaths when exter-nal operational loads are perceived. It is most advisable to use large-sized panels as “span-by-span” structures with their support directly on longitu-dinal load-bearing walls or substructure elements. At the same time, the main disadvantages of known design solutions include either significant material consumption or high complexity of manufacturing. As a rule, the noted disadvantages relate to the structures of the main load-bearing ribs. The article presents a thorough examination of the established design solutions for large-sized combined panels on a wooden frame, taking into account the incorporation of sheaths in the overall design of the structure. Both their advantages and disadvantages are reflected. Taking into account the results of the analysis, ways to improve the structures of the main ribs are proposed, the implementation of which ensures a reduction in material consumption and ease of manufacture of the considered class of panels while maintaining their strength and stiffness.
INNOVATION TECHNOLOGIES OF CONSTRUCTION OBJECTS INSTALLATION
Authors: ZAICHENKO Nikolay , MAILYAN Levon
Published: January 2025

The paper summarizes the practical experience of research on modern technologies for the rapid installation of mass construction facilities from high-tech systems based on innovative lightweight thin-walled steel structures. Examples of practical implementation of scientific research in the real sector of the economy are shown. Simultaneously, a significant factor in the implementation of prefabricated technologies on mass construction sites is their complete compatibility with local raw materials. This enables significant assurance of high-quality capital construction facilities and a substantial reduction in the cost of construction products.
MODEL OF SPECIAL MATERIAL “MICRO/NANO HYBRID HYDROPHOBIC EMULSION” AND DEVELOPMENT OF PROTECTIVE MATERIALS FOR MARINE CONCRETES BASED ON IT
Authors: LEONOVICH Sergei , ANPILOV Sergey , SADOVSKAYA Elena , KIM Lev , SHALY Evgeniy , PIGI Chao , DONG Bing , CHEN Liang
Published: January 2025

Developed by modified nanosilica (MNS) and polydimethylsiloxane, the effect of hydrophobic emulsion on the setting time, rheological properties, compressive strength and wettability of cementitious materials. In addition, microanalysis (isometric calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, mercury porosimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) was used to study the mechanisms of reducing the strength loss and increasing the hydrophobicity of hydrophobic emulsions. Cement-based structures in special environments such as marine engineering, water transport and underground structures are susceptible to corrosion by Cl-, Mg2+, and SO2-These elements promote corrosion of steel rods and destruction of cement-based materials. [1-2]. In addition, in cold regions, cement materials are destroyed by frost and immersion in water, which seriously affects the durability and safety of the structures. [3]. The loose and porous constituents inherent in cementitious materials, as well as the hydrophilic properties of hydration products, directly impact their durability. This poses a problem for traditional methods such as compaction in the long-term inhibition of water and salt transfer due to the porous nature [4]. Recently, advances in hydrophobic modification technology based on the theory of “lotus leaf effect” have made significant progress in corrosion protection. These developments offer new strategies to enhance the durability of cementitious materials [5-8]. The creation of hydrophobic structures on the surface of cementitious materials is the predominant method of hydrophobic modification, including the coating method [9], impregnation method [10], template method [11] and self-assembly [12]. The main drawback of this method is poor hydrophobic stability, which is manifested by the gradual deterioration of the rough structure and interfacial adhesion strength under the influence of environmental factors during the service life. Thick-layer hydrophobic coating is an improved solution to eliminate these problems. Its design idea is to expand the two-dimensional hydrophobic surface to a homogeneous three-dimensional hydrophobic material [13-15]. Although this approach increases the service life of the hydrophobic coating, the comparison with the durability of the substrate remains a challenging task. Moreover, with increasing coating thickness, the issues of interaction between two-layer materials become more pronounced [16].
THE USE OF ASPHALT-GRANULOCRETE MIXTURES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF AUTOMOBILE ROADS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
Authors: MAKAYA Lionel , ANDRIANOV Konstantin , ZUBKOV Anatoly , MONASTYREV Pavel
Published: January 2025

The findings of a study on the characteristics of asphalt granular concrete obtained through cold milling of non-rigid coatings in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the Russian Federation (RF) are presented. It has been established that in the DRC there are no regulatory requirements for the use of waste from cold milling of asphalt concrete pavements in the repair and reconstruction of automobile roads. The analysis of the test results of asphalt granulate samples obtained in the DRC and the Russian Federation showed that, in terms of their parameters, they meet the requirements for the material for the device of road construction. Considering the results of the study, it was found that the technology of paving with the use of asphalt granular concrete mixtures can be used in the DRC.
INCREASED LIGHT TRANSMISSION CAPACITY DELIGNIFIED WOOD WHEN IMPREGNATED WITH VEGETABLE OIL
Authors: PICHUGIN Anatoly , TKACHENKO Sergey , SMIRNOVA Olga
Published: January 2025

The introduction of light-permeable wood makes it possible to effectively dispose of woodworking waste and opens up interesting directions in the architectural and decorative design of buildings during their construction and repair, as well as in design projects. The article considers the influence of technological factors in the processing of wood on the performance characteristics of a delignified organic material. The regularities of the manifestation of light transmission ability depending on the sequence and parameters of processing of wood samples have been established. The results of spectral studies are presented, which give an idea of the rationality of the selected processing modes of wood samples to ensure the required light transmission.
ISSUES OF IMPROVING THE PRINCIPLES OF CIVIL PROCEEDINGSISSUES OF IMPROVING THE PRINCIPLES OF CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Khabibullaev Davlatjon
Published: January 2025

" This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the principles of civil proceedings and issues of their improvement. It analyzes the views of legal scholars on the concept of the principle of legality in civil proceedings and its significance and develops a scientific definition of the concept of this principle. In particular, the principle of free law, which initiates and drives the civil process, as well as the principle of adversarial proceedings of the parties and their role in judicial practice, the opinions of legal scholars in this regard are scientifically and theoretically analyzed, and the civil procedural legislation of foreign countries is comparatively studied, scientific and theoretical conclusions and proposals are given. In the article, the author pays special attention to the issue of non-abuse of procedural rights and identifies its specific features. In addition, the manifestations of abuse of procedural rights were analyzed, scientific and theoretical concepts in this regard were studied, and a scientific definition of this concept was developed. At the same time, the principles of civil proceedings in the constitutions of foreign countries, including Japan, Greece, Bulgaria, Germany, as well as the civil procedural legislation of Russia, Estonia, Armenia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and the Kyrgyz Republic, have been studied in comparison with national civil procedural legislation. Scientific and theoretical conclusions, proposals, and recommendations aimed at improving the principles of civil proceedings have been put forward.
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Profuse diarrhea after autologous stem cell transplantation for peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: a case report
Authors: Gysen K , Staessens M , De Backer E , Driessen A , Krishnadath K , Macken E , Jauregui A , Bouhadan S , De Schepper H , Somers M
Published: January 2025

We report the case of a 59-year-old patient with a history of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCLNOS) presenting with profuse diarrhea 3 months after completing lymphoma treatment. After exhaustive workup a recurrence of the peripheral T-cell lymphoma in the gastrointestinal tract was diagnosed. Predominant gastrointestinal recurrence is a unique presentation of relapse of PTCL-NOS. To the best of our knowledge, no other case reports have covered predominant gastrointestinal recurrence of PTCL-NOS so far.
Efficacy and safety of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus flavonoid Tablets vs. domperidone for functional dyspepsia: a multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized controlled phase III trial
Authors: Wei M , Chai Y , Shen H , Du M , Zhou X , Liu T , Yang X , Li S , Sun J , Ge Y
Published: January 2025

Background: The clinical management of functional dyspepsia (FD) is challenging. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus flavonoid (AFIF) tablets vs. domperidone for FD.

Methods: This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, doubledummy, positive-controlled trial recruited FD patients, who were randomized 1:1 to the AFIF (AFIF and domperidone placebo) and domperidone (domperidone and AFIF placebo) groups. The primary endpoint was the rate of disappearance of all four FD symptoms (postprandial feeling of fullness, early satiety, upper abdominal pain, and upper abdominal burning sensation) after 4 treatment weeks.

Results: Totally 120 and 119 patients were included in the AFIF and domperidone groups, respectively. The rates of disappearance of all four symptoms after 4 treatment weeks were 28.33% and 31.93% in the AFIF and domperidone groups, respectively (p=0.5748). The rate of disappearance of all four symptoms 4 weeks after treatment discontinuation was significantly higher in the AFIF (21.05%) compared with the domperidone group (4.39%, p=0.0002). The gastric emptying rates 2h after a meal were significantly increased in both AFIF (7.58%, p<0.0001) and domperidone (6.95%, p=0.0121) groups versus baseline, without a significant between-group difference (p=0.8457). Twenty-two (1 moderate) and 43 (3 moderate) adverse events occurred in the AFIF (19.17%) and domperidone (36.13%) groups, respectively.

Conclusion: The efficacy of AFIF tablets is similar to that of domperidone after 4 treatment weeks, while AFIF tablets may have a better safety profile than domperidone. Additionally, AFIF tablets have a significant advantage over domperidone in the rate of symptom disappearance 4 weeks after treatment discontinuation.
AKIBAT HUKUM PENGANGKATAN ANAK TANPA PENETAPAN PENGADILAN
Authors: Safarianingsih Rini
Published: January 2025

An adopted child is stipulated in Article 1 point 1 of Government Regulation No. 54/2007 concerning the Implementation of Child Adoption. A child’s rights are shifted from parents, a legal guardian, or other who has responsible for the care, education, and the grow of child in the family environment of his or her adoptive parents. Child adoption does not only belong to married couples but also for a single women or men are allowed as long as they have a strong motivation to take care for a child. The process that must be carried out through a parent’s statement when handing over the child. Child adoption has become a familiar in Indonesia and has been housed through the Religious Courts Institution for Muslims and the State Courts Institution fornon-Muslims.Child adoption does not sever the blood relations toward his or her biological parents. In article 6 paragraph (1) states that adoptive parents are obliged to inform their adopted child of their backgrounds and biological parents, and as Article 6 paragraph (2) the notice of biological parents is carried out by considering with the readiness of the child concerned. Thus, the child adoptionis valid if a court decision has been made and recorded in the civil registry deed.
CURRÍCULO, TECNOLOGIA E METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS: UMA COMBINAÇÃO PODEROSA PARA O ENSINO NO SISTEMA PRISIONAL
Authors: Santos Silvana Maria Aparecida Viana
Published: January 2025

Este capítulo investigou como a combinação de currículo, tecnologia e metodologias ativas pôde ser implementada de maneira eficaz no ensino prisional, superando as limitações desse contexto e promovendo uma educação significativa. O objetivo geral foi analisar a eficácia dessa integração no engajamento e na retenção de conteúdos pelos detentos, além de sua contribuição para a ressocialização. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão bibliográfica, que incluiu a análise de estudos relevantes sobre o tema. Os resultados indicaram que a combinação dessas abordagens melhorou o engajamento dos detentos e aumentou a retenção dos conteúdos, além de desenvolver habilidades sociais e emocionais importantes para a reintegração social. As considerações finais ressaltaram que, embora a integração dessas práticas tenha mostrado resultados positivos, a eficácia dependeu de fatores como a capacitação dos educadores e a disponibilidade de recursos tecnológicos, bem como da existência de políticas públicas que apoiem essas práticas. O estudo também sugeriu a necessidade de pesquisas adicionais para explorar a implementação dessas abordagens em diferentes contextos prisionais e para avaliar seus impactos a longo prazo na vida dos detentos após a reintegração.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DE REALIDADE AUMENTADA (AR) E REALIDADE VIRTUAL (VR) NA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA POSSIBILIDADES PEDAGÓGICAS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Ribeiro Gleick Cruz , Souza Araceli Belisario Pinto de , Nunes Camila Almeida , Gondim Cristiane da Silva Reis , Silva Daiana Soares da , Silva Luciene Viana da , Sousa Maria Regina de , Santos Silvana Maria Aparecida Viana , Guimarães Sirleia de Vargas Soeiro
Published: January 2025

Este capítulo examina o emprego da Realidade Aumentada (AR) e Realidade Virtual (VR) como ferramentas facilitadoras no processo de educação inclusiva, analisando suas possibilidades pedagógicas e desafios no contexto educacional brasileiro. A questão central investigada foi compreender como essas tecnologias imersivas podem efetivamente contribuir para a inclusão educacional, considerando as oportunidades e limitações de sua implementação. Utilizou-se metodologia de revisão bibliográfica sistemática, com abordagem qualitativa, contemplando análise de publicações científicas entre 2014 e 2024 em bases de dados acadêmicas reconhecidas. Os resultados evidenciaram que AR e VR, quando adequadamente implementadas, proporcionam experiências de aprendizagem inovadoras e personalizadas para estudantes com necessidades especiais, potencializando seu engajamento e compreensão dos conteúdos. Contudo, identificaram-se obstáculos significativos como: alto custo dos equipamentos, carência de profissionais capacitados e infraestrutura tecnológica inadequada nas instituições de ensino. A pesquisa destacou a necessidade de políticas públicas mais efetivas para ampliar o acesso a essas tecnologias, além de investimentos em formação continuada dos educadores. As considerações finais apontaram que, apesar dos desafios, AR e VR representam recursos transformadores para a educação inclusiva, demandando uma abordagem sistêmica que envolva gestores, educadores, famílias e toda comunidade escolar para sua efetiva implementação.
EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA: ORGANIZAÇÃO E REFLEXÕES
Authors: Cabral Maria Isabel da Assunção , Costa Emanuel Azevedo
Published: January 2025

A partir da Constituição de 1934 que a União aponta a necessidade da criação de normas para toda a população por meio de uma organização da educação brasileira na configuração de sistema segundo diretrizes e bases comuns. Esta articulação passa a ser então denominada de sistema Nacional de Educação. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, dessa forma, diante do percurso metodológico, a pesquisa foi realizada por meio das bases de dados científicas Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Google Acadêmico. Na primeira base a pesquisa ocorreu utilizando os descritores “organização” e “educação nacional” operacionalizada através do cruzamento dos descritores, articulados por meio do operador booleano “AND”. Enquanto que na segunda, pesquisou através do termo “organização da educação nacional”. Foram selecionados como critérios de inclusão os estudos publicados entre 2008 a 2023, a fim de retratar a produção dos últimos 15 anos, brasileiros e escritos em língua portuguesa. A pesquisa apontou que a educação possui amplo papel, atuando na formação e ampliação de valores cidadãos e direitos humanos, onde o novo conceito de educação básica surge como uma forma inovadora de organização escolar reunindo a educação infantil, ensino fundamental e ensino médio, nesse processo a importância de se considerar os inúmeros saberes e culturas existentes na nação brasileira e por mais que a educação do Brasil esteja organizada por meio de Parâmetros curriculares nacionais, estes servem como base, não devendo ser vistos como limitadores e determinantes da atuação docente e escolar.
IMPACTO SOCIOAMBIENTAL DO DESCARTE INADEQUADO DE MEDICAMENTOS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM JUAZEIRO DO NORTE - CE
Authors: Santos Maria Damiana dos , Aragão Ana Paula de Vasconcelos Meneses , Brito Antônia Cláudia da Silva , Silva Cicera Maria de Figueiredo , Saraiva Piedley Macedo Saraiva
Published: January 2025

O descarte inadequado de medicamentos é uma prática comum que representa sérios riscos ao meio ambiente e à saúde pública. Este estudo foi conduzido em Juazeiro do Norte, CE, com o objetivo de investigar e analisar o impacto do descarte inadequado de medicamentos e propor medidas de conscientização. Utilizando uma abordagem mista, foram aplicados questionários e realizadas entrevistas com 300 participantes, incluindo estudantes e residentes locais. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos entrevistados desconhecia os riscos do descarte inadequado e que a implementação de uma campanha de conscientização reduziu significativamente as práticas inadequadas de descarte. A campanha aumentou o conhecimento sobre os pontos de coleta, com 85% dos participantes afirmando saber onde descartar medicamentos corretamente. Este estudo destaca a importância da educação ambiental e da implementação de pontos de coleta acessíveis para promover práticas sustentáveis. As limitações incluem o tamanho da amostra e a duração da campanha. Futuros estudos devem considerar uma amostra maior e um período de acompanhamento mais longo, além de explorar a eficácia de diferentes estratégias educativas e parcerias com órgãos governamentais e empresas de coleta para melhorar a logística reversa de medicamentos.
O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS NAS SÉRIES INICIAIS: DESAFIOS E POTENCIALIDADES
Authors: Borges Victor Rodrigues
Published: January 2025

O ensino de Ciências nas séries iniciais enfrenta diversos desafios, principalmente relacionados à formação docente e à falta de recursos. Professores, frequentemente formados em cursos de Pedagogia com baixa carga horária dedicada às Ciências, relatam dificuldades em abordar conteúdos científicos de forma contextualizada e interdisciplinar. Além disso, a escassez de infraestrutura e materiais limita o uso de metodologias práticas e investigativas. A formação continuada, quando alinhada a enfoques como Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), e a metodologias inovadoras, tem se mostrado uma solução eficaz para aprimorar a prática docente. Estratégias como o uso de materiais alternativos, tecnologias educacionais e abordagens interdisciplinares promovem uma aprendizagem significativa e conectada ao cotidiano dos alunos. Propostas pedagógicas que integram a experimentação e a problematização de questões reais podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico e científico dos estudantes. Este artigo analisa esses desafios e apresenta sugestões pedagógicas baseadas em pesquisas recentes, com o objetivo de fortalecer o ensino de Ciências e a formação de cidadãos críticos desde os anos iniciais.
Long-term observations of black carbon and carbon monoxide in the Poker Flat Research Range, central Alaska, with a focus on forest wildfire emissions
Authors: Kinase Takeshi , Taketani Fumikazu , Takigawa Masayuki , Zhu Chunmao , Kim Yongwon , Mordovskoi Petr , Kanaya Yugo
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Forest wildfires in interior Alaska represent an important black carbon (BC) source for the Arctic and sub-Arctic. However, BC observations in interior Alaska have not been sufficient to constrain the range of existing emissions. Here, we show our observations of BC mass concentrations and carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios in the Poker Flat Research Range (65.12° N, 147.43° W), located in central Alaska, from April 2016 to December 2020. The medians, 10th percentile ranges, and 90th percentile ranges of the hourly BC mass concentration and CO mixing ratio throughout the observation period were 13, 2.9, and 56 ng m−3 and 124.7, 98.7, and 148.3 ppb, respectively. Sporadically large peaks in the BC mass concentration and CO mixing ratio were observed at the same time, indicating influences from common sources. These BC peaks coincided with peaks at other comparative sites in Alaska, indicating large BC emissions in interior Alaska. Source estimation by FLEXPART-WRF (Flexible Particle Dispersion–Weather Research and Forecast) confirmed a contribution of boreal forest wildfires in Alaska and western Canada when high BC mass concentrations were observed. For these cases, we found a positive correlation (r=0.44) between the observed BC/ΔCO ratio and fire radiative power (FRP) observed in Alaska and Canada. This finding implies that the variability of the BC and CO emission ratio is associated with the intensity and time progress of forest wildfires and suggests that the BC emission factor and/or inventory could be potentially improved by FRP. We recommend that FRP be integrated into future bottom-up emission inventories to achieve a better understanding of the dynamics of pollutants from frequently occurring forest wildfires under the rapidly changing climate in the Arctic.
Influence of land cover change on atmospheric organic gases, aerosols, and radiative effects
Authors: Vella Ryan , Forrest Matthew , Pozzer Andrea , Tsimpidi Alexandra P. , Hickler Thomas , Lelieveld Jos , Tost Holger
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are emitted in large quantities from the terrestrial biosphere and play a significant role in atmospheric gaseous and aerosol compositions. Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) resulting from BVOC oxidation affect the radiation budget both directly, through the scattering and absorption of sunlight, and indirectly, by modifying cloud properties. Human activities have extensively altered natural vegetation cover, primarily by converting forests into agricultural land. In this work, a global atmospheric chemistry–climate model, coupled with a dynamic global vegetation model, was employed to study the impacts of perturbing the biosphere through human-induced land use change, thereby exploring changes in BVOC emissions and the atmospheric aerosol burden. A land use scheme was implemented to constrain tree plant functional type (PFT) cover based on land transformation fraction maps from the year 2015. Two scenarios were evaluated: (1) one comparing present-day land cover, which includes areas deforested for crops and grazing land, with potential natural vegetation (PNV) cover simulated by the model, and (2) an extreme reforestation scenario in which present-day grazing land is restored to natural vegetation levels. We find that, compared to the PNV scenario, present-day deforestation results in a 26 % reduction in BVOC emissions, which decreases the global biogenic SOA (bSOA) burden by 0.16 Tg (a decrease of 29 %), while the total organic aerosol (OA) burden decreases by 0.17 Tg (a reduction of 9 %). On the other hand, the extreme reforestation scenario, compared to present-day land cover, suggests an increase in BVOC emissions of 22 %, which increases the bSOA burden by 0.11 Tg and the total OA burden by 0.12 Tg – increases of 26 % and 6 %, respectively. For the present-day deforestation scenario, we estimate a positive total radiative effect (aerosol + cloud) of 60.4 mW m−2 (warming) relative to the natural vegetation scenario, while for the extreme reforestation scenario, we report a negative (cooling) effect of 38.2 mW m−2 relative to current vegetation cover.
Particle fluxes by subtropical pelagic communities under ocean alkalinity enhancement
Authors: Suessle Philipp , Taucher Jan , Goldenberg Silvan Urs , Baumann Moritz , Spilling Kristian , Noche-Ferreira Andrea , Vanharanta Mari , Riebesell Ulf
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) has been proposed as a carbon dioxide removal technology (CDR), allowing for long-term storage of carbon dioxide in the ocean. By changing the carbonate speciation in seawater, OAE may potentially alter marine ecosystems with implications for the biological carbon pump. Using mesocosms in the subtropical North Atlantic, we provide first empirical insights into impacts of carbonate-based OAE on the vertical flux and attenuation of sinking particles in an oligotrophic plankton community. We enhanced total alkalinity (TA) in increments of 300 µmol kg−1, reaching up to ΔTA = 2400 µmol kg−1 compared to ambient TA. We applied a pCO2-equilibrated OAE approach; i.e., dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was raised simultaneously with TA to maintain seawater pCO2 in equilibrium with the atmosphere, thereby keeping perturbations of seawater carbonate chemistry moderate. The vertical flux of major elements, including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon, as well as their stoichiometric ratios (e.g., carbon-to-nitrogen ratios), remained unaffected over 29 d of OAE. The particle properties controlling the flux attenuation, including sinking velocities and remineralization rates, also remained unaffected by OAE. However, we observed abiotic mineral precipitation at high OAE levels (ΔTA = 1800 µmol kg−1 and higher) that resulted in a substantial increase in particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) formation. The associated consumption of alkalinity reduces the efficiency of CO2 removal and emphasizes the importance of maintaining OAE within a carefully defined operating range. Our findings suggest that carbon export by oligotrophic plankton communities is insensitive to OAE perturbations using a CO2 pre-equilibrated approach. The integrity of ecosystem services is a prerequisite for large-scale application and should be further tested across a variety of nutrient regimes and for less idealized OAE approaches.
Origin, size distribution and hygroscopic properties of marine aerosols in the south-western Indian Ocean: report of 6 campaigns of shipborne observations
Authors: Dournaux Meredith , Tulet Pierre , Pianezze Joris , Brioude Jérome , Metzger Jean-Marc , Thyssen Melilotus
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Marine aerosol observations from 6 shipborne campaigns carried out in 2021 and 2023 in the southwest Indian Ocean are presented. A set of aerosol instruments is used to study the spatial and temporal variability of the aerosol size distribution, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), activation diameters, and hygroscopicity (κ). Total number of aerosols (Na) shows concentration above 1500 cm-3 in polluted areas, and between 100–1500 cm-3 in the open ocean. CCN measurements (0.2 %, 0.4 % supersaturation) range from 40 to 500 cm-3. At 0.2 % (0.4 %) supersaturation, the average activation diameter is 104 (76) nm and κ is 0.36 (0.25). Using a back-trajectory model, the aerosol data were classified into three source regions. Aerosols are hydrophobic in the continental group (κ from 0.1 to 0.13), hydrophilic in the Subtropical Indian Ocean group (κ from 0.24 to 0.4), and intermediate values are found in the Southern Indian Ocean group (κ from 0.17 to 0.22). Subtropical Indian Ocean κ increases with stronger wind speeds. Southern Indian Ocean κ decreases significantly (between 0.2 % and 0.4 % supersaturation) with stronger wind speeds, probably due to a higher concentration of organic species on the smallest particle surface. High aerosol concentration events are presented. Pollution related to air masses passing through a well-developed continental boundary layer. Nucleation triggered by clear skies between two cloudy periods. Arrival of air masses at the ship’s location after a precipitation event.
Future Forests: estimating biogenic emissions from net-zero aligned afforestation pathways in the UK
Authors: Mooney Hazel , Arnold Stephen , Silver Benjamin , Forster Piers , Scott Catherine
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Woodlands sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which could help mitigate climate change. As part of efforts to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2050, the UK’s Climate Change Committee (CCC) recommend increasing woodland cover from a UK average of 13 % to 17–19 %. Woodlands also have the potential to degrade air quality, due to the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) which are precursors to major atmospheric pollutants, ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM). Here we make an estimate of the potential impact of afforestation in the UK on BVOC emissions, coupling information on tree species’ emissions potential, planting suitability and policy-informed land cover change. We quantify the potential emission of BVOCs from five afforestation experiments using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) (v2.1) in the Community Land Model (CLM) (v4.5) for the year 2050. Experiments were designed to explore the impact of the variation in BVOC emissions potentials between and within plant functional types (PFTs) on estimates of BVOC emissions from UK land cover, to understand the scale of change associated with afforestation to 19 % woodland cover by the year 2050. Our estimate of current annual UK emissions is 40 kt yr-1 for isoprene and 46 kt yr-1 for total monoterpenes. Broadleaf afforestation results in a change to UK isoprene emission of between -4 % and +131 %, and a change to total monoterpene emission of between +6 % and +52 %. Needleleaf afforestation leads to a change in UK isoprene emission of between -3 % and +20 %, and a change to total monoterpene emission of between +66 % and +95 %. Our study highlights the potential for net-zero aligned afforestation to have substantial impacts on UK BVOC emissions, and therefore air quality, but also demonstrates routes to minimising these impacts through consideration of the emissions potentials of tree species planted.
Long-term observations of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 trends and comparison of two measurement systems at Pallas-Sammaltunturi station in Northern Finland
Authors: Laitinen Antti , Aaltonen Hermanni , Zellweger Christoph , Tsuruta Aki , Aalto Tuula , Hatakka Juha
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Accurate and precise observations of atmospheric greenhouse gas mixing ratios are crucial for understanding the carbon cycle. However, challenges can arise when comparing data between different observation sites, due to different measurement routines and data formats used. To combat these challenges, different research infrastructures have been established in order to harmonize measurement routines and data processing and to make the data from different stations readily available. One of the few stations in the boreal region that observes atmospheric greenhouse gas mixing ratios is the Pallas station, located atop Sammaltunturi fell in Finnish Lapland. The station's location above the arctic circle, far away from large settlements, makes it ideal for measurement of background mixing ratios. The station hosts instrumentation for two different research infrastructures, Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) and Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW), with completely separate gas analyzers, calibration standards and sampling systems. We present the long-term time series of the mixing ratios of CO2 and CH4 and their evolution measured at the station, as well as a long-term comparison of the two instruments during the period when both have been installed. We find that the average difference in the hourly values for CO2 is <0.01 ppm and 0.47 ppb for CH4. The trends and growth rated calculated for both instruments agree well. For a more detailed comparison, the ICOS and GAW systems were simultaneously audited by ICOS Mobile Laboratory and the World Calibration Centre (WCC) of GAW, respectively. The audit results show good agreement between the different systems, with the differences ranging from -0.06 ppm to 0.02 ppm for CO2 and from -0.24 ppb to 0.30 ppb for CH4. No significant dependence on mixing ratio values was found for the differences between the systems. However, for one of the analyzers we found a clear influence of sample drying, especially for CH4. We also compared the long time series with the marine boundary layer reference values in the Northern Hemisphere. For CO2, the values measured at Pallas are on average 1.9 ppm higher than the MBL for Northern Hemisphere, and 54 ppb higher for CH4. The difference is larger during summer for CO2, but not significantly for CH4.
Suspended sediment concentrations in Alpine rivers: from annual regimes to sub-daily extreme events
Authors: van Hamel Amber , Molnar Peter , Janzing Joren , Brunner Manuela Irene
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The occurrence of extreme suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) can have a detrimental impact on human infrastructure, water use, and the health of aquatic ecosystems. However, the majority of existing studies have focused on the SSC dynamics of individual catchments or single events, with the consequence that large-scale patterns of suspended sediment dynamics remain poorly understood. The objective of this study is to identify the principal factors that influence the spatial and temporal variability of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and the occurrence of SSC extremes in the Alps. For our analyses, we use 10 years of observed sub-daily SSC data from 38 gauging stations in Switzerland and Austria. First, we examine spatial patterns in the annual median SSC regime, utilising hierarchical clustering based on the differences in magnitude, timing and shape of the annual SSC regime. The clusters are then reconstructed and explained by linking them to a large set of potential static hydro-climatic and catchment-related characteristics. This approach identified three distinct clusters of annual SSC regimes, for which the shape of the regime and the timing of the annual peak SSC are significantly influenced by catchment elevation, the start of the melt season, and the presence of glaciers. Second, we transition from the annual to the event scale at a sub-daily time step by identifying extreme events. We present a novel classification scheme that can be employed to categorise extreme SSC events and differentiate between nine event types based on their dominant transport processes. We examine the spatial and temporal distribution of these nine event types across the Alps, the severity of the events, and the effect of antecedent conditions, such as snow cover, soil moisture, and catchment memory. The analysis of 2398 extreme SSC events across all catchments indicates that rainfall is the primary driver of SSC extremes, responsible for 80 % of all events. Nevertheless, in high-elevation and partially glaciated catchments, up to 40 % of the events are attributed to snow and glacial melt, underscoring the disproportionate impact of meltwater on sediment concentrations in Alpine rivers. The combination of high-intensity rainfall and glacial melt events resulted in the highest SSC and second highest area-specific suspended sediment yields (sSSY) on average among all event types. A notable proportion of the extreme events (24 % of the total) resulted in peak SSC values exceeding 5 g L-1, highlighting their potential to significantly harm aquatic species and riverine ecosystems. Our findings underscore the importance and impact of extreme SSC events on water quality and sediment transport in Alpine river systems.
Influence of simple terrain on the spatial variability of a low-level jet and wind farm performance in the AWAKEN field campaign
Authors: Radünz William , Carmo Bruno , Lundquist Julie K. , Letizia Stefano , Abraham Aliza , Wise Adam S. , Sanchez Gomez Miguel , Hamilton Nicholas , Rai Raj K. , Peixoto Pedro S.
Published: January 2025

Abstract. In wind energy research, scientific challenges are often associated with complex terrain sites, where orography, vegetation, and buildings disrupt flow uniformity. However, even sites characterized as simple terrain can exhibit significant spatial variability in wind speed, particularly during stable boundary layers (SBLs) and low-level jets (LLJs). This study investigates these terrain interactions using both simulations and observations from the American WAKe ExperimeNt (AWAKEN). We employ a multiscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulation, integrating mesoscale forcing in the coarse domains and representing three rows of turbines from the King Plains wind farm as generalized actuator disks (GAD) in the large-eddy simulation (LES) domains. During a nocturnal LLJ event on 3 April 2023, the downwind, wake-affected turbine rows outperformed the upwind, unwaked row by 25–51 %. This counterintuitive result arises from terrain-induced streamwise variations in hub-height wind speed of approximately 4 m s-1 over 5 km—equivalent to ~50 % of the upwind reference speed. This enhancement outweighs the wake-induced reduction in mean wind speed (~12 %) and global blockage effects reported in the literature (~1–3.4 %). The multiscale simulations capture the intra-farm spatial variability in power performance observed in SCADA data. Terrain-induced vertical displacement of the LLJ, coupled with large wind shear below the jet maximum, drives the substantial streamwise acceleration within the wind farm. These findings underscore the importance of accounting for spatial variability related to terrain, even in simple landscapes, particularly during LLJ conditions. Incorporating such effects into reduced-order modeling frameworks for wind farm design and control could significantly enhance their effectiveness.
Dynamic induction control for mitigation of wake-induced power losses: a wind tunnel study under different inflow conditions
Authors: Zúñiga Inestroza Manuel Alejandro , Hulsman Paul , Petrović Vlaho , Kühn Martin
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Dynamic induction control (DIC), also known as the pulse method, is a wake mixing strategy that has shown promising results for mitigating wake-induced power losses in wind farms. It relies on dynamic collective blade pitching to enhance turbulent mixing, thereby accelerating the wake recovery. Experimental validation of this concept has been primarily limited to single-turbine cases under idealised conditions without shear and negligible turbulence. This paper presents a wind tunnel study to investigate the wake recovery improvement induced by DIC in single- and two-turbine configurations, as well as potential power gains in a three-turbine array. The study includes experiments under baseline uniform inflow and two realistic atmospheric boundary layer inflows. Short-range continuous-wave lidar measurements are used to remotely map the time-averaged wake characteristics of each turbine in vertical cross-sections at various downstream positions. First, the wake recovery of the upstream turbine is analysed as a function of pitch amplitude and frequency, with the latter expressed by the dimensionless Strouhal number. Next, the cascading effect of upstream turbine actuation on the wake of a downstream turbine in greedy mode is examined. Finally, wind farm power gains are assessed in a three-turbine setup incorporating a virtual turbine. Compared to the baseline greedy case, improved wake recovery is observed at both the upstream and downstream turbines, solely through upstream turbine actuation across all cases. This improvement is attributed to intensified turbulent mixing driven by DIC, which induces periodic thrust oscillations at both the actively controlled upstream turbine and the passive downstream turbine. The effect is particularly pronounced at higher pitch amplitude, while differences across Strouhal number remain minor, suggesting stronger control authority through increased pitch amplitude. Despite a decrease in DIC-added wake recovery with increasing inflow turbulence, potential power gains for the wind farm persist. Overall, this study demonstrates consistent benefits and adaptability of DIC under realistic inflow conditions, highlighting its greater potential in low-turbulence environments.