bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conversion messages and attitude change: Strong arguments, not costly signals
Authors: Lyons Benjamin A. , Hasell Ariel , Tallapragada Meghnaa , Jamieson Kathleen Hall
Published: January 2019

A conversion narrative recounts the process that led the speaker to reject one belief for a different, usually incompatible, alternative. However, researchers know little about whether, when, and, if so, how such messages affect audience attitudes about controversial science. Using a general US population-sample experiment, we assessed the attitudinal impact of three versions of a statement by Mark Lynas, an environmental activist who converted from opposing to championing genetically modified crops. Participants were exposed to (1) a one-sided pro-genetically modified message by Lynas, (2) a two-sided pro-genetically modified message in which Lynas indicates but does not detail his conversion, or (3) a two-sided pro-genetically modified message in which Lynas explains the process that prompted his conversion. We find that his conversion messages influenced attitudes by way of perceived argument strength, but not speaker credibility. This finding implies such messages induce greater elaboration, which may lead to durable attitudes that predict behavior.
Progressive Matrix Cracking in Composite Laminates Loaded in Tension
Authors: Zhang J , Fan J , Soutis C
Published: January 2019

The reduction of stiffness properties due to transverse ply cracking in [μθ m/90 n] s laminates loaded in quasi-tension is examined theoretically. Predictions of a simple theoretical model based on a modified 2-D shear-lag analysis, are in good agreement with experimental data. The energy released as a result of matrix cracking is also calculated and used to predict crack initiation and multiplication.
Characterization of Acrylonitrile Plasma-Polymerized on Carbon Fibres
Authors: Lefebvre C , Verbist J
Published: January 2019

Carbon fibres have been plasma treated by acrylonitrile (AN) to increase the compatibility with and the adhesion to an epoxy matrix. The plasma polymers have been analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). The effect of plasma power level is also studied
Local Stress Fields in A Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Composite with A Non-Homogeneous Interphase Region: Formulation
Authors: Jayaraman K , Reifsnider K L , Giacco Alexander
Published: January 2019

Attention has been focused recently on the interphase in fiber-reinforced composites. A methodology is proposed to determine the local stress fields in a unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite with a non-homogeneous interphase region. The interphase is modeled as an orthotropic material with continuously varying properties.
Effects of Hole Size and Stacking Sequence on the Compressive strength of Cfrp Laminates
Authors: Soutis C
Published: January 2019

In previous work Soutis and Fleck [1] have developed a model which successfully predicted the notched compressive strength of a T800/924C carbon fibre/epoxy [(μ45/02)3]s laminate. Here, the ability of this fracture model to predict the effects of hole size and laminate stacking sequence upon the compressive strength is examined.
Reliability and micromechanics of Composite Materials
Authors: Gao Zhanjun
Published: January 2019

A methodology is proposed to evaluate the reliability of composites. Micromechanical analysis is utilized as a basis for the representation of the effects of constituent properties on global response. The analysis is then combined with the models of structural reliability to study the influence of micro-level material parameters on reliability of composites under static loadings.
Optimization of Transverse Performance through application of Appropriate Interphase Coatings
Authors: Case S W , Carman G P , Reifsnider K L
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we utilize a concentric cylinder model to evaluate the stress state in a continuous fiber reinforced composite subjected to transverse loading. We present a method by which this strain to failure may be maximized. In addition, we present experimental results for two different composite systems which are in good agreement with the theory.
Bending properties of Warp Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composites
Authors: Wu W-L , Kotaki M , Fujita A , Hamada H , Inoda M , Maekawa Z
Published: January 2019

This paper dealt with the bending properties of warp knitted fabric reinforced composites. With the increasing of course density and the variation of knitted structure, the bending strength and modulus increased in course direction and kept invariable in wale direction. Furthermore, the specimen setting back side of knitted fabric at tensile side exhibited superior bending strength in course direction.
A Long Term Shear Test for Orthotropic Composites
Authors: Yoosefinejad A , Hogg P J
Published: January 2019

A new test method is presented that is considered suitable for measuring the long term mechanical properties of composites loaded in shear. The test method is assessed for its reproducibility and accuracy and compared to conventional Iosipescu tests for short term test results. Some initial test data for long term shear creep are also presented
Fabrication Methods for Producing Ideal Fiber Architecture in Textile Composites
Authors: Hale R.D. , Adams D.O.
Published: January 2019

This paper summarizes a newly developed fabrication technique which has been demonstrated to be effective for producing textile composites with controlled fiber architecture. This technique is well suited to the investigation of localized flaws, nesting flaw patterns, and controlled stacking arrangements for textile fabrics.
Carbon Fibre-Copper Composites Made by Volumetric Bonding.
Authors: Włosinski W. , Kalinski D. , Olesinska W. , Pietrzak K.
Published: January 2019

Abstract.

The results of investigation on forming copper-carbon fibre composite were presented. A new method of vacuum volumetric bonding was elaborated for this purpose. The copper-carbon fibre composites were processed at temperatures between 750 and 1050°C under pressures of 30 to 60 MPa and times ranging from 15 to 60 minutes. The composite microstructure was found to be homogeneous, the measured density varied from 6.58 up to 7.8 g/cm3 and the hardness ranged from 63 to 113 HB (KG/mm2).
Examination of Void Formation Mechanism by Numerical Analysis
Authors: Ikegawa Naoto , Hamada Hiroyuki , Maekawa Zenichiro
Published: January 2019

In order to analyze flow behavior of resin in the system with porous medium such as fibrous reinforcement for Structural Resin Transfer Molding (SRTM), equivalent viscosity according to a concept of homogenization method was introduced as an index of flow resistance. Numerical analysis using finite element method (FEM) was performed to clarify the void formation mechanism.
A virtual centralized cytotoxic preparation unit simulation to evaluate the pharmacy staff knowledge
Authors: Cotteret Camille , Marry Stéphanie , Loeuillet Richard , Videau Margaux , Cisternino Salvatore , Schlatter Joël
Published: January 2019

Background

The risk of medication errors related to drug preparation unit cannot be totally avoided because of human interference. The aim of this study is to investigate the background and knowledge of the pharmacy staff by replicating the cytotoxic preparation unit with potential errors.

Methods

A 10-m2 room was provided to duplicate the centralized chemotherapy unit with three areas reproducing virtually the equipment preparation bench, the isolator, and the dispensing bench. The 14 situations selected by experts were integrated to each corresponded area. For each participant, a form was given and answers were analyzed by two independent experts. Statistical processing data were performed using GraphPad Prism® software.

Results

A total of 19 professionals participated in error simulation workshop over a one-month period. The overall rate of correct responses was 58 ± 19%. In five situations, correct responses rate was lower than 50%: wrong drug batch related to the preparation sheet (40%), inappropriate sterilizing conditions (15%), the time on the preparation sheet provides an expired expiry date for melphalan preparation (45%), a maximum drug dose exceeded (25%), the dispensing form not corresponds to the preparation sheet and final product label (30%). The rate of correct responses was 45 ± 25% for professionals not specifically dedicated to chemotherapy preparation. The overall satisfaction workshop rate was 8.7 ± 1.0 out of 10.

Conclusion

This study showed the importance of training programs to sensitize personal staff to the risks of chemotherapy preparation and prevent errors.
Feature Learning of Virus Genome Evolution With the Nucleotide Skip-Gram Neural Network
Authors: Shim Hyunjin
Published: January 2019

Recent studies reveal that even the smallest genomes such as viruses evolve through complex and stochastic processes, and the assumption of independent alleles is not valid in most applications. Advances in sequencing technologies produce multiple time-point whole-genome data, which enable potential interactions between these alleles to be investigated empirically. To investigate these interactions, we represent alleles as distributed vectors that encode for relationships with other alleles in the course of evolution and apply artificial neural networks to time-sampled whole-genome datasets for feature learning. We build this platform using methods and algorithms derived from natural language processing (NLP), and we denote it as the nucleotide skip-gram neural network. We learn distributed vectors of alleles using the changes in allele frequency of echovirus 11 in the presence or absence of the disinfectant (ClO2) from the experimental evolution data. Results from the training using a new open-source software TensorFlow show that the learned distributed vectors can be clustered using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering to reveal a list of non-synonymous mutations that arise on the structural protein VP1 in connection to the candidate mutation for ClO2 adaptation. Furthermore, this method can account for recombination rates by setting the extent of interactions as a biological hyper-parameter, and the results show that the most realistic scenario of mid-range interactions across the genome is most consistent with the previous studies.
Optimization of Dose Schedules for Chemotherapy of Early Colon Cancer Determined by High-Performance Computer Simulations
Authors: Cockrell Chase , Axelrod David E
Published: January 2019

Cancer chemotherapy dose schedules are conventionally applied intermittently, with dose duration of the order of hours, intervals between doses of days or weeks, and cycles repeated for weeks. The large number of possible combinations of values of duration, interval, and lethality has been an impediment to empirically determine the optimal set of treatment conditions. The purpose of this project was to determine the set of parameters for duration, interval, and lethality that would be most effective for treating early colon cancer. An agent-based computer model that simulated cell proliferation kinetics in normal human colon crypts was calibrated with measurements of human biopsy specimens. Mutant cells were simulated as proliferating and forming an adenoma, or dying if treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Using a high-performance computer, a total of 28 800 different parameter sets of duration, interval, and lethality were simulated. The effect of each parameter set on the stability of colon crypts, the time to cure a crypt of mutant cells, and the accumulated dose was determined. Of the 28 800 parameter sets, 434 parameter sets were effective in curing the crypts of mutant cells before they could form an adenoma and allowed the crypt normal cell dynamics to recover to pretreatment levels. A group of 14 similar parameter sets produced a minimal time to cure mutant cells. A different group of nine similar parameter sets produced the least accumulated dose. These parameter sets may be considered as candidate dose schedules to guide clinical trials for early colon cancer.
Real-World Effectiveness of Palbociclib Versus Clinical Trial Results in Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer That Progressed on Previous Endocrine Therapy
Authors: Bui Tam Binh V , Burgers Desirée MT , Agterof Mariette J , van de Garde Ewoudt MW
Published: January 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess the real-world effectiveness and tolerability of palbociclib combined with endocrine therapy for the treatment of hormone receptor positive (HR-positive), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-negative), advanced/metastatic breast cancer that progressed on previous endocrine therapy, and to compare these results with the outcomes of the PALOMA-3 clinical trial.

Methods:

This study was a retrospective observational cohort study including all patients who started with palbociclib in the St. Antonius Hospital between September 1, 2016 and April 1, 2018 for the treatment of HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced/metastatic breast cancer that progressed on previous endocrine therapy. Individual patient data were collected from electronic medical records. Primary study outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and the number of permanent treatment discontinuations before disease progression due to adverse events (AEs). Secondary outcomes were the frequency of all (serious) AEs and the frequency of and reasons for dose reductions, -interruptions and cycle delays.

Results:

A total of 46 patients were studied with a median follow-up of 13.0 months. Overall, the median PFS in real-world clinical practice was 10.0 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.9-15.1), compared with 9.5 months in PALOMA-3 (95% CI 9.2-11.0). Two patients discontinued treatment because of AEs. Neutropenia was the most frequent grade 3-4 AE, but with no febrile neutropenia events. Most AEs were managed with palbociclib dose modifications. Regarding these modifications, more cycle delays, less dose reductions, and less dose interruptions occurred in clinical practice compared with PALOMA-3 (59 vs 36%, 22 vs 34%, and 9 vs 54%, respectively). Patients who did not meet the PALOMA-3 study eligibility criteria (n = 16) showed a lower median PFS of 5.5 months (95% CI 4.7-6.4).

Conclusions:

The effectiveness and tolerability of palbociclib in real-world clinical practice corresponded well with the results obtained in the PALOMA-3 clinical trial. Despite the differences in dose modifications, this study suggests that there is no efficacy-effectiveness gap in this patient population.
Unifying Pathophysiological Explanations for Sports-Related Concussion and Concussion Protocol Management: Literature Review
Authors: Satarasinghe Praveen , Hamilton D Kojo , Buchanan Robert J , Koltz Michael T
Published: January 2019

Objective:

There is a plethora of theories about the pathophysiology behind a sport-related concussion. In this review of the literature, the authors evaluated studies on the pathophysiology of sport-related concussion and professional athlete return-to-play guidelines. The goal of this article is to summarize the most common hypotheses for sport-related concussion, evaluate if there are common underlying mechanisms, and determine if correlations are seen between published mechanisms and the most current return-to-play recommendations.

Methods:

Two authors selected papers from the past 5 years for literature review involving discussion of sport-related concussion and pathophysiology, pathology, or physiology of concussion using mutually agreed-upon search criteria. After the articles were filtered based on search criteria, pathophysiological explanations for concussion were organized into tables. Following analysis of pathophysiology, concussion protocols and return-to-play guidelines were obtained via a Google search for the major professional sports leagues and synthesized into a summary table.

Results:

Out of 1112 initially identified publications, 53 met our criteria for qualitative analysis. The 53 studies revealed 5 primary neuropathological explanations for sport-related concussion, regardless of the many theories talked about in the different papers. These 5 explanations, in order of predominance in the articles analyzed, were (1) tauopathy, (2) white matter changes, (3) neural connectivity alterations, (4) reduction in cerebral perfusion, and (5) gray matter atrophy. Pathology may be sport specific: white matter changes are seen in 47% of football reports, tauopathy is seen in 50% of hockey reports, and soccer reports 50% tauopathy as well as 50% neural connectivity alterations. Analysis of the return-to-play guidelines across professional sports indicated commonalities in concussion management despite individual policies.

Conclusions:

Current evidence on pathophysiology for sport-related concussion does not yet support one unifying mechanism, but published hypotheses may potentially be simplified into 5 primary groups. The unification of the complex, likely multifactorial mechanisms for sport-related concussion to a few common explanations, combined with unique findings within individual sports presented in this report, may help filter and link concussion pathophysiology in sport. By doing so, the authors hope that this review will help guide future concussion research, treatment, and management.
Dynamic model of a cylindrical roller on a rough surface, with applications to wind turbine gearbox planetary bearings
Authors: McBride W James , Hunt Hugh EM
Published: January 2019

Wind turbines of larger power ratings have become increasingly prevalent in recent years, improving the viability of wind energy as a sustainable energy source. However, these large wind turbines have been subjected to higher rates of failure of the wind turbine gearbox, resulting in larger downtime of operation and an increase in cost due to repairs. These failures most frequently initiate in the gearbox’s bearings, especially in the planetary bearings of the planetary stage and high-speed bearings. Currently, most of the research on the detection of planetary bearing faults only addresses the case of localised faults in the outer bearing race, while fewer research considering the detection of distributed bearing faults. The research that does consider distributed bearing faults relies on techniques – such as machine learning for the identification of faulty bearings – that do not account much for the underlying physics of the bearing. In this paper, a model is developed to simulate and analyse the dynamic interaction of a planetary bearing in the presence of surface roughness, which can be used to represent a distributed fault. The model presented uses random vibration theory for simulating the response of the planet bearing induced by distributed faults. The input of the model considers statistical expressions of the roughness geometry using multiple parallel tracks. Numerical simulation of the random vibration of the model is performed using 16 tracks, and the power spectral density of the radial deflection of the roller and the roller–race contact force is determined. The results of the simulation with the multi-track model show that a single-track model significantly overestimates the power spectral densities, and also suggests the stiffness of the bearing race is too high to have an effect on the roller dynamics for a planet bearing.
The influence of first language polysemy and first language and second language lexical frequencies on second language learners’ use of false cognates
Authors: Cañizares-Álvarez Carl , Gathercole Virginia C Mueller
Published: January 2019

Aims and objectives:

This study examines second language (L2) bilinguals’ use of words that have the same or similar forms in their two languages but whose meaning extensions differ – that is, false cognates. We examine the conditions under which L2 speakers inappropriately use false cognates in the L2. How do frequency of the relevant words in each language and polysemy of the word in the first language (L1) affect L2 learners’ use of such words?

Design:

Fifty Spanish L1–English L2 adults translated 80 words in context from Spanish (S) to English (E). The words involved polysemous Spanish words that had several translations in English, one of which was a cognate form. Words were strictly balanced for L1 polysemy (high versus low), frequency of the S word, frequency of the E cognate form, and frequency of the E non-cognate translation. The words were presented in unambiguous contextual frames that pushed for the non-cognate translation in English.

Data and analysis:

Analyses of variance were used to analyze participants’ translations relative to the variables of Spanish polysemy and the frequencies of the forms in question.

Findings:

The findings show that the relative transparency or opacity of the mapping between the L1 and L2 influences word choice: the use of a false cognate instead of a competing correct lexical item depends on the complex interaction of L1 polysemy and the lexical frequencies of the L1 and L2 forms in the bilingual’s two languages.

Originality:

This study strictly controls for several factors crucial to L2 users’ choice of a word in the L2: polysemy in the L1, frequency of the L1 word, and frequencies of the L2 words involved.

Significance:

When these variables are viewed together, the data reveal a complex interaction showing factors that contribute to the transparency or opacity of the L1–L2 lexical semantic linkages.
Stereovision monitoring of deflection of concrete beam strengthened with ultraviolet-cured glass-fiber reinforced polymer in a destructive test
Authors: Shan Baohua , Shen Yu , Su Xiansheng , Xian Guijun
Published: January 2019

To monitor three-dimensional structural displacements in civil engineering, a stereovision displacement measurement method based on structure coordinate system is proposed in the present paper, and the absolute displacements of structure can be obtained through establishing the structure coordinate system and coordinate transformation. The center identification algorithm for circular target is studied to acquire the subpixel coordinates of center by combining Canny algorithm and Zernike algorithm. The epipolar constraint is introduced to conduct stereo matching of initial image pairs, and Kalman filtering and neighborhood searching algorithm are both employed to track circular targets on the left and right sequence images. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a destructive test of concrete beams strengthened with ultraviolet-cured glass fiber reinforced polymer is performed in lab. Results show that the load–displacement curves obtained by the proposed stereovision method and linear variable differential transformer agree with each other; this verifies that the proposed stereovision method is feasible and effective for monitoring structural displacement in a destructive test.
Analyzing change in network polarization
Authors: Kearney Michael Wayne
Published: January 2019

The growing influence of social media in an era of media fragmentation has amplified concerns of political polarization. Yet relatively few studies have analyzed polarization in user networks over time. This study therefore examines change in network polarization on Twitter during a highly contested general election. Using Twitter’s REST API, user networks of 3000 randomly selected followers of well-known partisan and entertainment-oriented accounts were recorded 17 times in the 7 months leading up to the 2016 general election. Results suggest that partisan users form highly partisan networks on Twitter, while moderate, or less engaged, users continue to mostly avoid politics.
Navigating and negotiating: Social processes to describe and explain the student experience of undertaking part-time, taught study on a Master’s level degree course in dementia care
Authors: Burrow Simon , Mairs Hilary , Bradshaw Timothy , Pusey Helen
Published: January 2019

Post graduate education in dementia care is delivered by a number of academic institutions worldwide. Aimed primarily at people in advanced and specialised roles in health and social care, it is designed to develop the knowledge and skills to advance practice and lead to positive changes and benefits to people living with dementia and their social networks. However, undertaking Master’s level education can be challenging, particularly when this is undertaken alongside full-time work and family/domestic commitments. To illuminate this student experience further, this paper takes a case study approach to explore the experiences of three students who have successfully completed a Master’s programme in dementia care in the North West of England. Their individual and collective experiences highlight the challenges of juggling competing demands and the dynamic processes of navigating the student journey and continually negotiating supports in order to successfully complete the course. The study highlights important implications for the design and supportive structures within post graduate Master’s education in dementia care/studies, and potentially in other subject areas also, in order to support students’ transition to post graduate study.
Transnational policy discourses on ‘teacher quality’: An educational connoisseurship and criticism approach
Authors: Nordin Andreas , Wahlström Ninni
Published: January 2019

In this article, we analyse key policy documents on teacher quality produced by the OECD and the EU during the period 2005 to 2017 using an educational connoisseurship and criticism approach. The purpose of this article is to explore how Eisner’s concepts of educational connoisseurship and educational criticism can be understood and used to analyse educational policy, especially how teacher quality is discursively constructed in transnational authoritative texts on education policy. Eisner’s three aspects of criticism, description, interpretation and evaluation can be utilised in a differentiated critical approach to the analysis of transnational policy documents on education. While the critical descriptive discourse can be viewed as ‘identifying a simple relationship’ between social development and educational needs, the interpretative critical discourse can be regarded as ‘recognising the complexity’ of teachers’ tasks in changing societies and the critical evaluative discourse as ‘recognising and problematising contradictory interests’ that affect teachers’ work. We argue that the philosophical concepts of connoisseurship and criticism contribute to policy research by demonstrating that a multifaceted concept of teacher quality is needed to capture the complex nature of education.
Effect of coating process on morphology, bending rigidity and wearability of polyester harness cords
Authors: Xie Kaifang , Xu Yanfang , Shen Hua , Xu Guangbiao , Ma Yanxue
Published: January 2019

In this article, the harness cords were manufactured by braiding, coating and heat setting at the temperatures of 130 and 195℃, respectively. The film formers used in coating process were poly(butyl acrylate), copolymer size and partial alcoholysis polyvinyl alcohol. The pure film formers' spectra were obtained using in-situ infrared test method on a spectrometer. The scanning electron microscope, bending tester and wearing test device were used to measure the morphology, bending rigidity and wearability of harness cords, respectively. The results showed that the temperature of heat setting changed the molecular structure of coatings, and different influences of temperature on the bending rigidity and wearability of coated harness cords were observed. When the heat setting temperature rose from 130 to 195℃, the bending rigidity of poly(butyl acrylate)-coated harness cord almost kept constant. However, the bending rigidity of copolymer size and polyvinyl alcohol-coated harness cords increased by 33.1% and decreased by 47.4%, respectively. The poly(butyl acrylate) coating presented the best adhesivity to hydrophobic polyester harness cord, and the coated harness cord showed the best uniformity and flexibility as well as higher wearability. After heat setting at 195℃, the wearability of harness cords coated with poly(butyl acrylate), copolymer size and polyvinyl alcohol was increased by 380, 120 and 585%, respectively, when compared with the uncoated one.
Police culture: An empirical appraisal of the phenomenon
Authors: Demirkol Ismail Cenk , Nalla Mahesh K
Published: January 2019

Although police culture is a widely researched topic, not much is known about the nature of the relationships among the various components and the degree to which they are critical in the make-up of police culture. In this study, we revisit the concept of police culture and explore the nature and directions of the relationships among the various elements that constitute police culture. Drawing data from a survey of 1970 Turkish National police officers we identify six commonly recognized dimensions of police culture based on the existing literature. The results from the four different confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) indicate that of the six dimensions, the first-order CFA with five factors best fit the data. Further, the results suggest that police culture did not account for the covariation among the six first-order factors. These findings suggest that police culture is a more complex and multifaceted concept than the prior literature suggests.
Popliteal Versus Local Field Block for Pain-Related Postoperative Unplanned Emergency Room Visits After Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Graney Colin , Shibuya Naohiro , Patel Himani , Jupiter Daniel C.
Published: January 2019

Ultrasound-guided popliteal blocks for postoperative pain management have grown in popularity within foot and ankle surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of popliteal block in preventing postoperative emergency department visits after foot and ankle surgery. We compared rates of presentation to the emergency department for pain following foot and ankle surgery between surgeries with a popliteal block and those with local field block alone. We identified 101 charts, of which 26 presented to the emergency department for postoperative pain following popliteal block. Our results demonstrated that popliteal blocks did not perform better than local blocks, and that there is no statistically significant difference between the 2 methods of postoperative pain control in terms of rates of presentation to the emergency department for pain.

Levels of Evidence: Level III, All statistical analyses were carried out using the R statistical package by the primary author (NS) (R Developmental, Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, 2012. http://www.R-project.org ).
Osteochondroma of the scapula associated with a subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm: Case report
Authors: Oljaca Ana , Hirzberger Daniela , Bergovec Marko , Tiesenhausen Kurt , Koter Stephan H , Friesenbichler Joerg , Viertler Christian , Leithner Andreas
Published: January 2019

Osteochondromas rarely induce vascular complications by mechanical compression. We present the case of a subclavian artery pseudoaneursym caused by an osteochondroma of the scapula in a 67-year-old male. The diagnosis was based on a previous history of multiple exostoses, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as the local vascular clinical status of the lesion. Surgical treatment consisted of vascular and orthopaedic intervention. First, the vascular surgeon implanted a bypass of the subclavian artery from the ventral aspect, enabling the orthopaedic surgeon to resect the osteochondroma from the dorsal aspect. The patient recovered with full function. Vascular pseundoaneurysms should be taken into consideration in patients with osteochondromas, especially with a known history of multiple hereditary exostoses.
School Counselors’ Attitudes Toward Evidence-Based Practices
Authors: Mullen Patrick R. , Stevens Helena , Chae Nancy
Published: January 2019

The use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) is growing among school counselors. However, little is known about school counselors’ attitudes toward EBPs and related factors. We investigated the relationships between school counselors’ grade level, years of experience, theoretical orientation, and attitude toward EBPs. Results indicated that the use of cognitive/behavioral theory and number of years of practice related to attitudes toward EBPs. We offer implications for school counseling practice and future research.
Social Second Screen: WhatsApp and Watching the World Cup
Authors: Weimann-Saks Dana , Ariel Yaron , Elishar-Malka Vered
Published: January 2019

In recent years, changes have taken place in television viewing patterns during live broadcasts of major events. One of the most striking changes is the introduction of “second screens” that accompany viewing. The current study adds to the existing research literature by examining viewing patterns and socialization during the live broadcast of major sports games. Specifically, it examines the use of smartphones and WhatsApp among Israeli viewers of the 2018 World Cup games’ televised broadcasts, from the quarterfinals onward. In total, 454 respondents were filtered through a screening question, in a representative panel of Israeli population. Findings show that most viewers prefer to watch the broadcast of a major soccer game together, though co-viewing is not necessarily done in the physical presence of others. Findings also reveal a connection between the viewer’s engagement with the game and the enjoyment of watching the broadcast. Further, this relationship is mediated through the use of a smartphone as a second screen, especially the use of WhatsApp. This study contributes to existing research literature by showing the extent to which game-related communication using WhatsApp contributes to a meaningful collaborative viewing experience, the degree of engagement with the game, and the extent to which it is enjoyed.
An Abnormal Tibial Position Is Associated With Alterations in the Meniscal Matrix: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Markes Alexander R. , Knox Joseph , Zhong Qunjie , Pedoia Valentina , Li Xiaojuan , Ma C. Benjamin
Published: January 2019

Background:

An altered tibial position is still present despite anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. It has been demonstrated that an abnormal tibial position after an ACL injury may play a role in subsequent injuries to the meniscus, which can lead to early cartilage degeneration.

Purpose:

To determine changes in both the tibial position and the meniscal matrix present before and after ACL reconstruction as well as to evaluate the association between these 2 variables in ACL-injured knees 3 years after reconstruction.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Bilateral knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 32 patients with unilateral ACL injuries was performed before reconstruction; 13 control participants also underwent MRI. Follow-up MRI was performed up to 3 years after surgery. Tibial position, internal tibial rotation, and T1ρ and T2 values of the menisci were calculated using an in-house MATLAB program. Student t tests and multiple linear regression were used to compare differences between injured, uninjured, and control knees as well as to assess correlations between the tibial position at 3 years and 3-year changes in quantitative MRI meniscal relaxation values.

Results:

The tibial position of injured knees was more anterior than that of uninjured knees at baseline, 6 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years ( P < .05 for all). The T1ρ and T2 values of the menisci of injured knees were greater than those of uninjured and control knees in the posterior lateral and posterior medial horns up to 1 and 2 years after surgery, respectively ( P < .05 for all). The tibial position at 3 years was associated with increased T2 values from baseline to 3 years in the posterior medial horn (β = 0.397; P = .031) and anterior medial horn (β = 0.360; P = .040).

Conclusion:

Results of the current study indicate that there is a persistently altered tibial position after ACL reconstruction. Initial preoperative meniscal abnormalities show prolonged but gradual improvement. Additionally, correlations between the tibial position and changes in the medial meniscal matrix suggest that the tibial position may play a role in the increased susceptibility to medial meniscal tears seen after reconstruction. The development of newer surgical techniques must address a persistently altered tibial position. Quantitative MRI is an effective instrument to evaluate meniscal matrix changes and can serve as an early radiological tool for meniscal injuries.
The Therapeutic Family Care Program: A 10-year community implementation of Treatment Foster Care in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Browne Dillon T. , Johnson Jacqueline , Beatty Erin , Cameron Mary Price , Durham Duane , Shlonsky Aron
Published: January 2019

The present study describes a community implementation of treatment foster care (TFC) for children and youth involved with child welfare in Ontario, Canada. There were two guiding research questions: (1) how are children and adolescents changing over the course of services and (2) how have the placements of children and adolescents changed over time? Clinical outcomes were tracked using the Assessment Checklist for Children (ACC) and Assessment Checklist for Adolescents (ACAs)—clinical tools that were specially designed to assess the functioning of young people in care. There were 1,068 ACCs on 518 children, and 559 ACAs on 222 adolescents. Each additional year of involvement with Therapeutic Family Care Program corresponded to additional improvement for both children, d = −.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −.25 to −.12, and adolescents, d = −.11; 95%CI = −.18 to −.03. Moderators and subdomains of clinical improvement were considered, though findings generally revealed significant improvement over time for most youngsters in most clinical areas. At the program level, there has been a significant increase in placement permanence across the last decade (i.e., greater prevalence of birth parent, adoption, and kinship care). In sum, this study illustrates an example of community implementation for TFC in a child welfare setting, which necessarily includes the systematic tracking of outcomes in the context of evidence-supported intervention.
Supporting foster carers to meet the needs of looked after children: A feasibility and pilot evaluation of the Reflective Fostering Programme
Authors: Midgley Nick , Cirasola Antonella , Austerberry Chloe , Ranzato Erica , West Grace , Martin Peter , Redfern Sheila , Cotmore Richard , Park Theresa
Published: January 2019

This study presents the feasibility and pilot evaluation of the Reflective Fostering Programme (RFP), a recently developed, group-based program to support foster carers, based on the concept of “reflective parenting.” This innovative development follows calls by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and other organizations to help improve outcomes for children in care by providing better support to their carers. This study aimed to establish whether it is possible to implement the RFP and to gather preliminary data on the acceptability and effectiveness of the program. Twenty-eight foster carers took part in the study. Results indicate that training and delivery of the RFP were feasible; the program was felt to be relevant and meaningful to both foster carers and social care professionals delivering it. Preliminary pre-post evaluation showed a statistically significant improvement in foster carers’ stress, their achievement of self-defined goals and child’s emotion lability and overall strengths and difficulties. There were no statistically significant changes in carers’ reflective functioning, although some foster carers reported on changes in reflective capacity during focus groups. Preliminary findings about the feasibility of training and delivery of the RFP, as well as the acceptability and effectiveness of the program, are encouraging, but further impact evaluation is needed.
Dictionary learning based on dip patch selection training for random noise attenuation
Authors: Zu Shaohuan , Zhou Hui , Wu Rushan , Jiang Maocai , Chen Yangkang
Published: January 2019

In recent years, sparse representation is seeing increasing application to fundamental signal and image-processing tasks. In sparse representation, a signal can be expressed as a linear combination of a dictionary (atom signals) and sparse coefficients. Dictionary learning has a critical role in obtaining a state-of-the-art sparse representation. A good dictionary should capture the representative features of the data. The whole signal can be used as training patches to learn a dictionary. However, this approach suffers from high computational costs, especially for a 3D cube. A common method is to randomly select some patches from given data as training patches to accelerate the learning process. However, the random selection method without any prior information will damage the signal if the selected patches for training are inappropriately chosen from a simple structure (e.g., training patches are chosen from a simple structure to recover the complex structure). We have developed a dip-oriented dictionary learning method, which incorporates an estimation of the dip field into the selection procedure of training patches. In the proposed approach, patches with a large dip value are selected for the training. However, it is not easy to estimate an accurate dip field from the noisy data directly. Hence, we first apply a curvelet-transform noise reduction method to remove some fine-scale components that presumably contain mostly random noise, and we then calculate a more reliable dip field from the preprocessed data to guide the patch selection. Numerical tests on synthetic shot records and field seismic image examples demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain a similar result compared with the method trained on the entire data set and obtain a better denoised result compared with the random selection method. We also compare the performance using of the proposed method and those methods based on curvelet thresholding and rank reduction on a synthetic shot record.
Inhibited autonomy for promoting physical health: qualitative analysis of narratives from persons living with severe mental illness
Authors: Nakanishi Miharu , Tanaka Shintaro , Kurokawa George , Ando Shuntaro , Yamasaki Syudo , Fukuda Masato , Takahashi Kiyohisa , Kojima Takuya , Nishida Atsushi
Published: January 2019

Background

Autonomy is a key factor in the reduction of inequitable physical healthcare among people with severe mental illness compared with the general population.

Aims

To clarify the critical mechanism underlying autonomy in physical health promotion based on the perspectives of people with severe mental illness.

Method

We employed a conventional content analysis of narrative data from the Healthy Active Lives in Japan (HeAL Japan) workshop meetings.

Results

‘Inhibited autonomy’ was extracted as a central component and shaped by the users’ experiences, both in a healthcare setting and in real life. This component emerged based on the lack of an empowerment mechanism in psychiatric services.

Conclusions

A barrier to the encouragement of autonomy in physical health promotion was found in current psychiatric services. An effective strategy should be explored to foster an empowerment mechanism in psychiatric and mental health services.

Declaration of interest

None.
Major depressive disorder in women and risk for future generations: population-based three-generation study
Authors: Josefsson Ann , Vikström Josefin , Bladh Marie , Sydsjö Gunilla
Published: January 2019

Background

The well-known adverse consequences of maternal depression prompts consideration of the importance of learning more about intergenerational transmission in order to identify individuals at risk of developing depressive disorders.

Aims

To follow two generations of women with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to examine the risk of MDD in the third-generation children.

Method

A register-based, retrospective cohort study of all women born in Sweden between 1973 and 1982 who had given birth during the study period, their mothers and their children. All generations were followed until 2013. Data was stratified into two cohorts: women born between 1973 and 1977 and those born between 1978 and 1982.

Results

Second-generation women were twice as likely to be diagnosed with MDD if their mothers had been diagnosed with MDD. If both previous generations had been diagnosed with depression the likelihood of the third-generation child being diagnosed with MDD was markedly increased (odds ratio (OR) = 5.07, 95% CI 4.06–6.34 and OR = 7.20, 95% CI 4.41–11.77 in cohort 1 and cohort 2, respectively).

Conclusions

There is a strong intergenerational impact in the transmission of MDD. The risk of MDD is especially high in individuals with MDD in both previous maternal generations.

Declaration of interest

None.
The intestinal intermediate filament network responds to and protects against microbial insults and toxins
Authors: Geisler Florian , Coch Richard A. , Richardson Christine , Goldberg Martin , Denecke Bernd , Bossinger Olaf , Leube Rudolf E.
Published: January 2019

The enrichment of intermediate filaments in the apical cytoplasm of intestinal cells is evolutionary conserved forming a sheath that is anchored to apical junctions and positioned below the microvillar brush border suggestive of a protective intracellular barrier function. To test this, we used C. elegans, whose intestinal cells are endowed with a particularly dense intermediate filament-rich layer that is referred to as the endotube. We find alterations in endotube structure and intermediate filament expression upon infection with nematicidal Bacillus thuringiensis or treatment with its major pore-forming toxin crystal protein Cry5B. Endotube impairment due to defined genetic mutations of intermediate filaments and their regulators results in increased Cry5B sensitivity as evidenced by elevated larval arrest, prolonged time of larval development and reduced survival. Phenotype severity reflects the severity of endotube alterations and correlates with reduced rescue upon toxin removal. The results provide in vivo evidence for a major protective role of a properly configured intermediate filament network as an intracellular barrier in intestinal cells. This notion is further supported by increased sensitivity of endotube mutants to oxidative and osmotic stress.