bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A influência dos fatores multidimensionais e o neurodesenvolvimento infantill: uma revisão dos efeitos biológicos, ambientais e sociais
Authors: Silva Santana Thomaz Henrique , Ferreira Mendes Danielly , Alves Baltar Karine , Silva Mariano Ana Claudia , Barros Teixeira da Cruz Érika , Corcino Fernandes Ana Júlia , Coelho Rosado Neta Abigail , Ferreira  de Oliveira Dante
Published: October 2024

O desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor infantil depende diretamente da maturação do sistema nervoso central e da estimulação proporcionada pelo ambiente em que a criança vive. Esse processo envolve a criança adquirir gradualmente habilidades físicas, cognitivas, emocionais e sociais, que sofrem forte influência de fatores biológicos, ambientais e nutricionais1. Nesse contexto, o ambiente da criança exerce um papel fundamental no seu crescimento e desenvolvimento. Este estudo tem como objetivo principal fornecer ao leitor uma visão clara e fundamentada sobre as evidências relacionadas a esses fatores, explorando como diferentes áreas impactam o desenvolvimento infantil. A metodologia utiliza uma revisão integrativa, com uma busca criteriosa de artigos científicos publicados entre 2020 e 2024 na National Library of Medicine (NIH), usando descritores como "Child Development" e "Growth and Development". A análise dos dados revela que intervenções nutricionais, como a amamentação exclusiva, promovem o desenvolvimento emocional e motor. Por outro lado, fatores como a suplementação maternoinfantil ainda necessitam de mais estudos para uma avaliação completa de seus benefícios. Além disso, a interação familiar e as condições socioeconômicas também são essenciais para o desenvolvimento infantil. Concluímos, portanto, que práticas de parentalidade positiva, associadas a ambientes familiares estimulantes, são determinantes para o desenvolvimento integral da criança, evidenciando a necessidade de oferecer um cuidado multidimensional durante a infância.
Efeitos nutracêuticos de frutos de Vaccinium myrtillus em ratos albinos Wistar e análise sensorial do néctar e da geleia
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda Cristina , De Carvalho Costa Francisco Eduardo , Rocha Oliveira Carlos , Marcucci Maria Cristina
Published: October 2024

Atualmente dá-se maior importância aos alimentos contendo substâncias que auxiliam a promoção da saúde. Podemos citar as antocianinas presentes no vinho tinto, nas uvas, morango e mirtilo, fruto recentemente introduzido no sul de Minas Gerais. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a atividade antioxidante do suco de frutos de Vaccinium myrtillus (mirtilo) em ensaios in vivo e testar a aceitação do néctar e geleia do mirtilo com a intenção de enfatizar as características sensoriais, através da análise sensorial. Na análise experimental foram utilizados 15 ratos Wistar, subdividido em 3 grupos, que ingeriram o néctar do mirtilo, a rosuvastatina e o grupo que ingeriu água, durante 3 semanas em dias alternados com monitoramento constante do peso, volume urinário, fezes e a ingestão alimentar. Na análise bioquímica foram avaliados parâmetros plasmáticos tais como: proteínas totais, colesterol total, HDL, triglicérides, glicose, ácido úrico, por meio de espectrofotômetro digital. A análise estatística dos dados foi copilada pelo software SPSS com análise da variância pelo método de ANOVA (α = 0,05) e comparação das médias pelo método Tukey. Os resultados obtidos não apresentaram relevância estatística, exceto com relação ao peso das carcaças, onde o grupo suplementado com o mirtilo apresentou menores valores, assim como maiores riscos hepáticos de esteatose. Como resultado da análise sensorial, a geleia de mirtilo apresentou uma melhor aceitação.
THE USE OF ARTI CIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ACTIVITIES OF COMPANIES
Authors:   Kuban State University, SHEVCHENKO I.V. , PODDUBNAYA M.N. ,   Kuban State University
Published: October 2024

In this article the authors consider the key problems in the work of Russian business companies using artificial intelligence. The analysis identifies the main areas of application and trends in the development of artificial intelligence in the modern economy. Measures are proposed that can help the companies minimize the risks associated with the intense digitalization of all business processes and production activities. The authors prove that in the process of generalizing information about the current state of the Russian business sphere, the need for state participation in the creation of a digital space to form a safe functioning of the national economy is increasing significantly.
FOR THE CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN THE COASTAL STRIP CASE OF THE FRINGE BETWEEN THE MENCHA AND NIL RIVERS (EAST OF THE WILAYA OF JIJEL-ALGERIA)
Authors: Bougassa Abdelhafid
Published: October 2024

Environmental issues have constantly constituted the main focus of the Algerian authorities in the development of different sectors of activity. The challenge of reconciling economic growth with the protection of the environment and coastal areas dates back to the early 1980s. It is clearly expressed through a range of regulatory texts and anticipatory and restrictive territorial planning guidelines.The coastal strip between Mencha and Nil rivers to the east of the wilaya of Jijel has not been excluded from strategies for controlling natural resources and territorial projects (PAW, PDAU, and PAC). The anthropization of this small territory gives food for thought on the conditions for controlling the environmental impacts induced by overcrowding, rampant urbanization, landscape fragmentation, pollution and the reduction of natural spaces. Through this article, we aim to assess the socio-economic impacts on the study territory on the one hand and the factors and prospects of the possible divide between the state of affairs and the principles of good land and environmental governance.(The word Oued is a local name. It is used to mean river in this article).
“Mimetik Arzu” ve “Gerçekleşmeyen Gerçeklik” Bağlamında Murtaza
Authors: Savaş Kudret
Published: October 2024

Orhan Kemal’in ünlü eseri Murtaza birey ve toplum arasında yaşanan çelişkiyi ortaya koyan önemli metinlerden biridir. Diğer yandan yayınlandığı ilk günden beri eser, birçok açıdan Don Kişot’la özdeşleştirilir ve Don Kişot okumaları ekseninde değerlendirilmeye çalışılır. Bu çalışmada Murtaza’da yer alan ruhsal ilişkiler ve gerçekliğin uğradığı değişim Don Kişot’u anlamlandırmaya çalışan iki önemli ismin yaklaşımları çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Bu isimlerden ilki olan Rene Girard, ortaya koyduğu mimetik arzu kavramıyla öznenin nesneye duyduğu ilgiyi ve nedenini ortaya koymaya çalışır. İkinci isim Michel Onfray ise yine Don Kişot’tan yola çıkarak bireyin etrafındaki gerçekliği nasıl bir zihinsel çabayla bozduğunu açıklamaya çalışır. Bu açıdan Don Kişot gibi Murtaza da aslında ilgi duyduğu nesnenin peşine düştüğünü sanırken temelde bambaşka bir ilişkinin temelini atmakta, buradan hareketle de kendi zihinsel/kurmaca gerçekliğini inşa etmektedir.
Bu çalışmada her iki ismin ortaya koyduğu fikirler çerçevesinde Murtaza’nın zihinsel dünyasının nasıl ortaya çıktığı ve gerçekliği değişime uğratmada başvurduğu zihinsel mekanizma incelenmiştir. Esere adını veren Murtaza’nın bilincinin ortaya çıkışında önemli rol oynayan dayısı, hayatını biçimlendirmesinde ikonik bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu ikonik etkinin Murtaza’nın bilincine yansıması, bu etkiyi içselleştiren Murtaza’nın çevresindeki gerçekliği bu etkileşim yüzünden nasıl bir değişime uğrattığı bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır.
Visual Status in Children with Dyslexia at the Integrated Special Education Program in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Shahudin Suhaida , Subri Sabrina
Published: October 2024

Objective: Dyslexia is a learning disorder, characterized by difficulties in recognizing, decoding, and spelling words. Studies on visual status of individuals with dyslexia have yielded mixed findings. This study aimed to assess visual acuity and refractive errors in dyslexic children in Selangor, Malaysia.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the integrated special education program (PPKI) for secondary schools across three randomly selected districts in Selangor. Children with dyslexia from 15 schools were enrolled. Distance and near visual acuity were measured, and non-cycloplegic refraction was performed to identify refractive errors. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the distribution of visual acuity and refractive errors. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used to compare habitual and corrected visual acuity (VA).Results: 137 dyslexic children, aged 13 to 19 years, participated in the study. 60% of the participants had good habitual distance VA. Meanwhile, the percentage of good habitual near VA were higher than distance VA. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test showed that corrected VA was significantly better than habitual VA. The most common ametropias observed were myopia and astigmatism.Conclusion: Dyslexic children in the PPKI program generally have good visual acuity and are emmetropic. However, uncorrected refractive error and suboptimal optical refraction were the primary causes of unsatisfactory habitual vision in some children. Findings highlight the need to screen for refractive errors and provide appropriate optical correction to this population to prevent further hindrance to their reading ability.
Knowledge of Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) in Children among Eye Care Professionals in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Ibrahim Wan Nur Amirah , Razlan Nur Athilah Husnina Ahmad , Juan Woi Pui
Published: October 2024

Objective: Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI), a brain-based visual disorder that affects neural networks that process incoming visual information throughout the brain, poses challenges in diagnosis and managing visual impairment in children. With the prevalence rise in CVI cases among children, there is a growing demand for ophthalmologists and optometrists to address these conditions, emphasising the importance of improving knowledge and awareness for better visual rehabilitation. This study intends to quantify the level of understanding of CVI in children among eye care professionals in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Material and Methods: Two hundred thirty registered eye care professionals, including ophthalmologists and optometrists across Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, participated in this cross-sectional web-based survey. A standardised questionnaire was created through Google Forms and distributed via social media platforms between April and June 2022.Results: The finding showed that the eye care professionals have significantly basic knowledge regarding CVI in children (x2=369; df=2; p-value≤0.01). Most respondents correctly identified variable loss of vision, visual field defects, and abnormal behaviour as clinical features of CVI in children. Additionally, over half of the respondents selected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the appropriate investigation choice.Conclusion: These findings indicate that eye care professionals have basic knowledge and awareness of CVI in children. More research is needed to enhance knowledge and raise awareness about CVI in children among eye-care professionals.
On dictionary definitions of selected Polish Anglicisms and their English etymons
Authors: Mańczak-Wohlfeld Elżbieta
Published: October 2024

It is generally agreed that in the process of borrowing both form and meaning are transferred from the donor language to the receptor. It is also assumed that in most cases fewer senses are transferred from the source language to the recipient tongue. The aim of the present paper is to analyze an arbitrarily chosen corpus consisting of the oldest Polish Anglicisms, namely those from the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, in order to determine whether the above assumption is correct, as well as to compare the scope of the English and Polish definitions of the selected vocabulary items. The Polish lexemes are considered to be of English origin on the basis of present-day knowledge. Their definitions have been attested in two comparable large dictionaries, i.e. those which include over 100,000 entries: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English (2011) and Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego (2010).
To – polski operator struktury tematyczno-rematycznej. W poszukiwaniu uogólnienia jego funkcji i znaczenia
Authors: Danielewiczowa Magdalena
Published: October 2024

Artykuł, reprezentujący semantykę strukturalną, poświęcony jest znaczeniu to – polskiego operatora struktury tematyczno-rematycznej, który ma szeroki zakres użycia. Jednostka ta może występować w różnych typach wypowiedzeń: oznajmujących, pytających, rozkazujących i eksklamatywnych, a także w różnych miejscach tej samej struktury wypowiedzeniowej. Praktyka wyróżniania paru to tego rodzaju nie znajduje – zdaniem autorki – podstaw empirycznych ani teoretycznych. We wszystkich relewantnych kontekstach organizuje ono bowiem strukturę informacyjną wypowiedzi, wyznaczając jej podstawowy aspekt: niezbywalny dział między cechami tematycznymi i rematycznymi. Dział ten może być sygnalizowany czysto prozodycznie dzięki zastosowaniu antykadencji, może też być wzmocniony i dodatkowo skomentowany leksykalnie, właśnie za pomocą to. Jest ono metatekstowym komentarzem nadawcy na temat realizowanego właśnie aktu mowy. Ogół odpowiednich wystąpień operatora to da się objąć wspólną glosą semantyczną: ‘nie o kimś/czymś innym niż _ [wiesz, o czym mówię] nie co innego niż _’, zdającą sprawę z jego egocentrycznego, metatekstowego i indeksalnego charakteru.
Přechylování – zmierzch tradycji czy chwilowy kryzys? O nazwiskach kobiet w języku czeskim
Authors: Korbut Joanna
Published: October 2024

W artykule skoncentrowano się na zagadnieniu żeńskich form nazwisk w języku czeskim, w tym m.in. na aktualnym statusie prawnym i kulturowym andronimów i stosunku Czechów i Czeszek do tego zjawiska. W języku czeskim nazwiska kobiet najczęściej tworzone są od nazwisk męskich, tworzy się je przede wszystkim za pomocą sufiksu -ová przyłączanego do formy podstawowej (męskiej). Przez wiele lat formy te powstawały niemal automatycznie – zgodnie z obowiązującymi prawem przekształcano zarówno nazwiska Czeszek, jak i cudzoziemek. Na przestrzeni ostatnich kilkunastu lat zaszły w tym zakresie istotne zmiany. Problem tworzenia nazwisk odmężowskich wzbudził burzliwą ogólnospołeczną dyskusję, prowadzącą do stopniowej zmiany przepisów prawnych regulujących tę kwestię. 1 stycznia 2022 r. w życie weszła nowelizacja ustawy dotycząca metryk czeskich, zgodnie z którą Czeszki nie mają już obowiązku stosowania żeńskich sufiksów w nazwiskach i mogą same zdecydować, jaką formę nazwiska stosować. Nie sposób dziś orzec, czy z tego prawa skorzystają, czy spowoduje to (jak prognozują niektórzy) istotne zmiany w systemie gramatycznym języka czeskiego.
Semiotyczne aspekty komunikacji wizualnej: od semantyki do pragmatyki
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander
Published: October 2024

Autor, nawiązując do tradycji opisu języków naturalnych, rozważa semantyczne i pragmatyczne aspekty wizualnych znaków ikonicznych. Za najważniejsze charakterystyki znaków ikonicznych uważa brak drugiej artykulacji (czyli podziału obrazu na elementy nieznaczące), a także brak przyporządkowania formy wizualnej określonej reprezentacji mentalnej. W ujęciu autora znak ikoniczny ukazuje to, o czym odbiorca może myśleć w związku z tym, co wie o tym, co jest podobne do tego, co odbiorca widzi. Autor rozróżnia dwa rodzaje inferencji: identyfikacyjną i kompletywną, a także pokazuje, w jaki sposób na interpretację obrazów wizualnych wpływa intencja semantyczna użytkownika. Autor opisuje poza tym dwa rodzaje wykorzystania znaków kontrfaktycznych: w pierwszym wypadku mamy do czynienia z manipulacją, w drugim wypadku – z implikacją pragmatyczną.
Personalizing Emoji Meaning and Use in Digital Communication
Authors: Buczek-Zawiła Anita
Published: October 2024

Communication via digital media is characterized by growing use of graphic elements employed to convey emotions and concepts in a succinct form, especially in interpersonal interactions. Emoji are naturally ambiguous in meaning, which undergoes various modifications. One way of incorporating emoji into interpersonal communication is repurposing their meaning and use, so that a shared personal meaning develops between individual users or within small groups. The article explores novel and unique applications of certain emoji in an independent (conceptual) replication study of Wiseman and Gould’s work (2018). The present study analyzes the data obtained via a web-based survey in a group of 132 respondents aged 17 to 55+ to subsequently get to know their motivations behind the repurposed use of emoji. It is demonstrated how this adaptation of graphic icons helps people express their likes and preferences, romantic feelings, amusement, and, as a result, can aid users in building closer relationships in micro-communities. In essence, the article is intended to contribute to a better understanding of emoji use in multimodal interpersonal communication.
Представления о ненасилии в общинах старообрядцев-федосеевцев (по материалам рукописи конца XIX - начала XX века
Authors: Pociechina Helena
Published: October 2024

В статье сопоставляется содержание традиционных религиозных запретов на применение любых видов агрессии в отношении ближнего в старообрядческой среде с современными стандартами поведения в обществе, охраняемыми законом и понимаемыми как неотъемлемые основные права человека. Исследование написано на материале рукописи из собрания бывшего федосеевского Спасо-Троицкого монастыря, который находится в с. Войново на Мазурском поозерье в Польше. Рукопись состоит из текстов, служивших для совершения православного обряда исповеди, поэтому содержит несколько вопросников-епитимийников. Вопросы о совершенных грехах, задаваемые исповедником, напоминали прихожанам о нормах поведения, формируя представления верующих об отношениях в обществе и в семье при помощи запретов. За агрессию, выражающуюся в применении физической силы и произнесении бранных слов по отношению к членам семьи, соседям и даже к домашним животным, налагалась епитимья: от ежедневного исполнения поклонов и строгого поста до запрещения участвовать в общинных богослужениях. Тексты из Войновской рукописи содержат, кроме перечня конкретных проявлений агрессивного поведения, определение меры наказания за каждый совершенный грешный поступок. Логичным является предположить, что ритуал, который заключался в ознакомлении кающегося с обширным перечнем грехов, т.е. неблаговидных поступков и даже преступлений, предполагал искреннее раскаяние, заключающееся в осознании своих ошибок и осуждении их, и последующееобязательство больше так не поступать, имел не только религиозное, но такжеобразовательное и воспитательное значение.
FEATURES OF ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL DAMAGE OF CONCRETE
Authors:   Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Oliynuk N. , Yakusheva Yu. ,   Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the issue of obtaining building materials and equipment with specified quality parameters with reduced material consumption. It is shown that one of the possible ways to reduce the material density of structural building materials is the use of fillers. In this article, considering concrete as a structural material, it is stated that it is the formation of the structure or product that is difficult to control its quantitative and qualitative parameters, but it is practically possible only after receiving the finished product or structure. Properties of the structure are determined as individual properties of all subsystems (concrete, reinforcement), and changes in these properties during structural interactions. In turn, the construction material (concrete) is a subsystem that consists of characteristic structural inhomogeneities. Since the composition of concrete affects the structure, strength characteristics and deformable properties of reinforced concrete structures operating under the influence of external influences, there is a need for a more thorough study of it and the determination of optimal components in order to ensure the operational reliability of structures. During the technological processing of concrete into products, at all levels of structural in homogeneities in the material, technological cracks appear, which, being the structural parameters of concrete, determine the damage of structures, and thus their operational reliability. Research has established that technological damage significantly affects the strength and deformation properties of concrete.
ON CALCULATING THE INSOLATION OF INDOOR SPACES
Authors:   Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Patrashku E. , Kolesnyk S. ,   Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: October 2024

Solar radiation has a significant both positive and negative impact on all processes of human life. The construction and operation of both residential and industrial buildings requires an analysis of the sun's influence. Among the areas of scientific research related to solar radiation, the following are particularly relevant: solar energy, the impact of the sun on building envelopes, achieving solar comfort in residential and industrial buildings, and ensuring sanitary and hygienic standards. Insolation is defined as the amount of solar radiation inflow calculated in calories per unit area of a horizontal surface per unit time. Methods for calculating insolation can be divided into two types: geometric and energy-based. The insolation level of residential premises is regulated by state construction legislation. According to the current standards, the duration of insolation of residential premises should be at least 2,5 hours between 22 March and 22 September. These standards define and recommend calculation methods. They are mainly geometric. Energy-based methods for calculating insolation are more dynamic and subject to change, as they take into account the properties of materials. And building materials are constantly being modernizedф and have different reactions to solar radiation. On the other hand, energy-based methods of calculating insolation are more accurate and take into account more factors directly related to a particular building or room. Therefore, a comparative analysis of indoor insolation calculated by different methods is an urgent scientific problem. The development of computer research methods opens up wide opportunities for modelling the insolation state of a dwelling at the design stage. In this paper, an object-oriented method for calculating insolation for residential and industrial premises is developed. This makes it possible to build a spatial picture of the room's irradiation and demonstrate the impact of changes in input parameters on this process.
PERTURBED MOTIONS OF A NEARLY DYNAMICALLY SPHERICAL RIGID BODY WITH A MOVABLE MASS SUBJECT TO CONSTANT BODY-FIXED TORQUE
Authors:   Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Leshchenko D. , Kozachenko T. ,   Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: October 2024

The problem of motion of a rigid body about a fixed point is one of the classical problems of mechanics. The interest to the problems of the rigid body dynamics has increased in the second half of the XX century in connection with the development of rocket and space technologies. A spacecraft or satellite, while orbiting about its center of mass, experiences torques from forces of diverse physical nature. This includes torques generated by the motion of internal masses, which can arise from factors such as presence of rotating components (like rotors or gyroscopes), and the activities of crew members aboard the crew vehicle. The dynamics of rigid body incorporated moving masses is a significant focal point in classical mechanics. Extensive research is dedicated to investigating the rotation of a rigid body featuring motion of internal masses. It is assumed that the body contains a viscoelastic element that is modeled by a moving mass connected to the body by a strong damper. The moving mass model loosely attached elements in a space vehicles, which can significantly affect the vehicle’s motion about its center of mass during a long period of time. Some cases are considered of the motion of a rigid body containing internal masses connected to the body by means of elastic and dissipative elements. A number of works are devoted to the analysis of various problems of the dynamics of space vehicles containing internal movable masses. The paper develops an approximate solution by means of averaging method to the system of Euler’s equation terms for a nearly dynamically spherical rigid body containing a viscoelastic element under the action of constant body-fixed torque. We obtained the system of motion equations in the standard form which refined in square-approximation by small parameter. Asymptotic approach permits to obtain some qualitative results and to describe evolution of angular motion using simplified averaged equations and numerical solution. The main objective of this paper is to extend the previous results for the problem of motion about a center of mass of a rigid body under the influence of small internal torque (cavity filled with a fluid of high viscosity) or external torque (resistive medium). The importance of the results is in progress of moving mass control motion of spinning projectiles.
ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OF A BEAM BASED ON AN ELASTIC WINKLER FOUNDATION WITH RANGE INHOMOGENITY
Authors:   Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Krutii Yu. , Surianinov M. ,   Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Perperi A. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vakulenko V. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Teorlo N. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: October 2024

The aim of the study is the further development of analytical methods for calculating the bending of beams resting on a non-homogeneous continuous Winkler elastic foundation. This paper considers the case when the beam is under the influence of a uniformly distributed constant transverse load, and the inhomogeneity of the elastic foundation is given by a power function with an arbitrary non-negative power exponent . Fundamental functions and a partial solution of the corresponding differential equation of beam bending are found in an explicit closed form. These functions are dimensionless and are represented by absolutely and uniformly convergent power series. In turn, the formulas for the parameters of the stress-strain state of the beam – deflection, angle of rotation, bending moment and transverse force – are expressed through the indicated functions. The unknown constants of integration in these formulas are expressed in terms of the initial parameters, which are after the implementation of the specified boundary conditions. Thus, the calculation of the beam for bending is reduced to the procedure of numerical implementation of explicit analytical formulas for the parameters of the stress-strain state. An example demonstrates the practical application of the obtained solutions. A prismatic concrete beam based on a cubic variable elastic foundation is considered. This case corresponds to the power value . The results of the calculation by the author's method are presented in numerical and graphical formats for the case when the left end of the beam is hinged and the right end is clamped. The numerical values obtained by the author's method are accurate, since the applied calculation method is based on the exact solution of the corresponding differential equation. The availability of such solutions makes it possible to evaluate the accuracy of solutions obtained using various approximate methods by comparison. For the purpose of such a comparison, the paper presents the calculation results obtained by the finite element method (FEM). The absolute error of the FEM method when calculating this design was determined.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE CASCAS DE CAFÉ: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE O PROCESSAMENTO VIA SECA E FERMENTADO
Authors: Donato Maria Vitória , Silva Samanta , Tavares Maria , Rabêlo Elisandra , Pedroza Suzana
Published: October 2024

O processamento do café gera uma quantidade significativa de resíduos, sendo a casca um dos principais subprodutos deste processamento, rica em matéria orgânica, nutrientes e compostos bioativos, como cafeína, polifenóis e taninos, no entanto, essa matéria-prima é descartada de forma incorreta, sem aproveitar seu potencial bioativo. Com a crescente preocupação com a saúde, o meio ambiente e a qualidade de vida, os consumidores têm buscado produtos sustentáveis, incluindo o café orgânico e o uso de subprodutos de forma sustentável. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as cascas de café orgânico arábica processadas por via seca natural e fermentação anaeróbica na região de Taquaritinga do Norte, em Pernambuco, e comparar estatisticamente os resultados obtidos para fins de usos alimentícios. O estudo foi conduzido utilizando cascas de café processadas por via seca natural e fermentação anaeróbica, coletadas em duas fazendas na região de Taquaritinga do Norte. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas nas cascas, incluindo umidade, cinzas, lipídios, proteínas, atividade de água, pH, condutividade, acidez, sólidos solúveis, cor, açúcares redutores e cafeína. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas entre as cascas processadas de forma natural e fermentada em relação a diversos parâmetros. A partir destes resultados, com estas características observadas em cada tipo de casca, é possível determinar em qual ramo cada uma seria melhor aplicável, contribuindo para a reutilização das propriedades características e o prolongamento da vida útil deste resíduo. Demonstrando a importância de estudar sobre os processamentos pós-colheita do café e como influenciam nos subprodutos gerados, sendo necessário investir de forma contínua na pesquisa e inovação da produção de café, sendo possível que o produtor consiga definir, de forma viável e eficiente, um melhor direcionamento de seus resíduos gerados pelo aumento na demanda e consumo de cafés.
The Impact of Coaching Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior, Psychological Capital as Mediator, and Perceived Organizational Support as Moderator
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Zaheer , Khattak Asmat N.
Published: October 2024

Coaching leadership (CL) is an important corporate strategy for improving employee performance at the workplace. We examine how CL affects "innovative work behavior (IWB)" while taking into account the moderating influence of "perceived organizational support (POS)" and the mediation role of "psychological capital (PsyCap)". We obtained the quantitative data from the health department of Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan. The findings of the study show that CL has a significant impact on IWB. PsyCap mediates the relationship between CL and IWB. The POS moderates the relationship between CL and IWB. The findings suggest that CL acts as a catalyst for enhancing employees' PsyCap by fostering positive psychological states such as optimism, resilience, self-efficacy, and hope.
The influence of the initial moisture content of cedar needles on the time characteristics of the ignition of coal-water suspensions
Authors: Malyshev D. Yu. , Kostoreva Zh. A. , Tamashevich M. S. , Poznakharev A. S.
Published: October 2024

The results of experimental studies of the influence of the initial moisture content of cedar needles on the time characteristics of ignition of coal-water suspensions based on D-grade thermal coal are presented. Biomass (fallen and freshly cut cedar needles) was used as an additive accelerating the ignition process. An analysis was carried out of the influence of the initial moisture content of the plant additive in the composition of water-soluble suspensions on the ignition delay times. It has been established that the initial moisture content of cedar needles does not have a significant effect on the time characteristics of the fuel ignition process (the difference does not exceed 4%), but the addition of needles leads to a significant reduction in the ignition delay times (the VUS ignites faster on average by 15%).
Oil biomarkers: main types, value and applications fields
Authors: Babayev E. R. , Farzaliyev V. М. , Mammadova P. Sh. , Ayyubov I. H. , Zhagfarov F. G. , Adigozalova V. А. , Movsumzade E. M. , Lapidus А. L.
Published: October 2024

Recent advances in modern chemistry provide environmental scientists with the ability to identify and track spilled oil residues in various environments. The compounds commonly used to identify the source of spilled oil are called biomarkers, they are universal in crude oil and petroleum products and are generally more stable to atmospheric environmental influences than most other oil constituents. The distribution of biomarker compounds is unique to each oil. Fingerprint indices calculated from oil fingerprints provide a stable and useful tool for determining the correspondence or non-correspondence of various oil residues present in some environmental samples. This paper highlights the main biomarkers of oil, their role in the study of oil and its deposits, and also shows the results of the authors’ own research.
Integrating the personal, relational, and political: empowering climate action through decolonial feminist action research
Authors: Gayá Patricia Carolina
Published: October 2024

This article centres decolonial feminist contributions to action research, which orient us to see how the oppressive conceptual frameworks that enable sexism, gender violence, and gender inequality are fundamentally intertwined with those that enable racism, (neo)colonialism, and the pillaging and destruction of nature and planetary systems: all of which come together in the climate emergency. Given that climate change is unarguably a “threat multiplier”, if action research is to help combat the climate crisis, it must mobilise intersectional feminist, anti-racist, and decolonial frameworks. Integrating decolonial feminism with action research offers long-overdue theoretical, methodological, and practical insights. I use the acronym DF-AR to refer to existing and emerging forms of action research underpinned by decolonial feminist principles, as well as aspirational imaginaries gesturing towards decolonial feminist futures. Drawing on empirical insights from DF-AR processes embedded within an undergraduate final-year course in the UK, I consider how the experimental and micropolitical practices associated with these imaginaries can strengthen our response to the climate emergency: that is, the strategies and qualitative differences they afford.
On the Socialist World System
Authors: Mudroch Josef
Published: October 2024

In March 1966, he presented the Constitution in the department for the research of socialist countries for international politics and economics foreword on the topic "On the laws of development socialism as a social establishment and world system" head of the relations department among the socialist countries of the Institute of Economics of the World Socialist System in Moscow, philosopher A. A. Butenko.
He critically evaluated the views which claim that the law of the development of socialism in individual country are identical to the laws of world development socialist system. Some economists are of the opinion that this is the way to go only the territorial expansion of writing I know the law of the development of socialism, as e.g. of the Planning and Proportional Act his development, the law of constant increase labor productivity, etc., which the highest in a somewhat modified form, it acts within the framework world socialist system. Such a simplified concept appears in works some Soviet authors, such as G. A. Deborina, M.E. Ajrapetjana, S.D. Sergejava, I.S. Ikonnikova, A.A. Kujbysheva, L.I. Lukina, N.I. Ivanova. In his opinion, the council of thought-provoking works on relations between socialist countries is worth it to this incorrect concept.
Great Society
Authors: Krátký Karel
Published: October 2024

The possibility of obtaining information about the issue of the United States of America is not for Czech tenor in the last years 112 so rare. The works of historians (N. N. Inozemcev, I. Volek), soldiers (O. Mahler, H. Kahn), sociologists (I. Dubska), publicists (P. Tvaroh, D. Pokorny), or writers (M. Holub) and the articles and studies of the advice of others allow you to get to know each other at least indirectly with the issue of this world power, which is for the majority of us a common contact very distant. Recently, to this I think another historian's contribution has been added J. Volka, who in the library of the Alphabet of International Relations (in one of their final volumes) deals with internal political by - and we will say right away that it was very successful - American presidents I. E. Kennedy and L. B. Johnson.
Deterrence Strategy
Authors: Zvada Ján
Published: October 2024

The name of General André Beaufra, director of the Institute of Strategic Studies in Paris and editor-in-chief of the military theoretical review Stratégie, shone in the sky of military-political thinking with the light of the first star sizes. Already in his famous book Introduction a la stratégie, Paris 1963, Beaufre demonstrated an indisputable ability to think about strategy at a much higher level of generalization than some seasoned and well-known authors from the USA, England and other countries. It is not by chance that his introduction to strategy was praised by a friend of ours the English theorist Lidell Hart, who spoke of him as the best work written in the field of strategy during the lifetime of our generation. Perhaps not even a year has passed and General Beaufre published his second, similarly broadly conceived work, entitled Deterrence and Strategy. After another spring break, he published the books L'Europe et NATO and La drame de 1940: At the end of last year he published Stratégie de l'action, Paris 1966. The military press in our country reacted strongly to the publication of his thin, thin, but very binding book, our review concerns Beaufre's second, also very binding work.
Manfred Wörner's Last Interview
Authors: Rupnik Jacques
Published: October 2024

Our Parisian colleague Jacques Rupnik, a member of the editorial circle of this magazine, gave us his interview with Manfred Worner shortly before his sudden death (August 13, 1994). It is the last interview of the unforgettable NATO Secretary General, who served in this capacity for a full six years (since July 1988) and served to successfully begin the transformation of the North Atlantic Alliance into a security structure of a pan-European nature. The agreed title of the interview is indicative of Worner's thinking and measurement: The New Face of NATO.
Jacques Rupnik: After the end of the Cold War, the old continent seems to be undergoing a major transformation. Following the revolutionary changes in Russia, the Balkans or Central Europe, how should the role of NATO change?
The Communication Level between the Czech and German Part of the Egrensis Euroregion
Authors: Houžvička Václav
Published: October 2024

Research into the intensity of social contacts between municipalities, carried out in the form of a written questionnaire survey, which was part of a joint project, testifies to the current level of contacts between Northern Bavaria and Western Bohemia.' An analysis of the relations between Northern Bavaria and Western Bohemia, in the implementation of which the Pohraničí team also took part (until April 1993 within the Socioeconomic Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and now as part of the Institute of Sociology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic). The goal of the investigation was to find out the content and focus of mutual contacts at the level of municipalities and to identify the decisive moments of cross-border cooperation. The content and form of current and planned cross-border contacts, cooperation partners, evaluation of expected and achieved results were examined in detail, especially in connection with the consequences of the opening of borders and the creation of the Egrensis Euroregion. The target group of the written questionnaire survey was heads of district offices, mayors and mayors (possibly Landrate, OberbUrgermeister, BUrgermeister on the German side).
Due to the fact that the return from the total number of 417 questionnaires sent out (234 from northern Bavaria and 183 from western Bohemia) represented 61% from the German side and 25% from the Czech side, the result is accordingly shifted in favor of the Bavarian respondents. However, the obtained results - however limited they may be - indicate - the intensity of cross-border cooperation in a given region.
Basic Theories of Geopolitics
Authors: Hnízdo Bořek
Published: October 2024

To some, the question mark associated with the title of this chapter may seem unnecessary. After all, the very concept of geopolitics clearly and comprehensibly expresses the relationship between political phenomena and processes on the one hand and geographical space on the other. Still, there is a question mark here. Perhaps no other term in political science has become as discussed as "geopolitics".
It wasn't always like that. At the time when the term "geopolitics" was first used by a Swedish researcher R. Kjellen in 1899, the scientific field of political geography was already taking shape, under whose founder the German geographer Friedrich Ratzel, who wrote the work Politische 1 in 1897, is considered Geography. Both terms are then used together, and above all the important personalities of political geography of the first half of the 20th century were also considered significant theorists in geopolitics.
A very important theoretical geopolitical school arose in the interwar period in Germany. And it was precisely this fact that caused the very term "geopolitics" to be condemned after the Second World War and even used as a label for "non-scientific" political geography. The German geopolitical school was accused of theoretically preparing the territorial conquests of Nazi Germany.
A Contribution to „Semantic Hygiene“ in Political Theory and Practice
Authors: Šedivý Jiří
Published: October 2024

"God or a nail, you either hang on God or on a nail," says T. G. Masaryk somewhere. For modern man, gradually losing the metaphysical certainty of faith in God, ideology was the most common substitute for "true", i.e. non-secular, religion, i.e. Masaryk's "nail".
From the multitude of definitions of the word ideology, the basic attributes of this term can be "dissected". Ideology is a system of interrelated, more or less coherent ideas, opinions and beliefs by which a certain group of people identify themselves, the political environment in which they find themselves, their relationship to this environment and their role in it. Ideologies can mobilize and legitimize, but also mystify and manipulate. You can look for comfort or guidance in them. They often claim the right to normative arbitration. In their framework, terminological systems are often created, which serve both for communication within ideological entities and for spreading their beliefs externally.
Germany's Social Structures
Authors: Řezanková Ivona
Published: October 2024

Reiner Geissler started working on his study entitled Die Sozialstruktur Deutschlands already in 1989, i.e. before the unification of Germany. However, the radical changes in social reality that have taken place since then forced him to change his original concept.
In his study, the author provides an analysis of the situation in Germany, which can also be a response to the changes there since 1989. He elaborates on the fundamental phenomena in the development of the social structure in the former Federal Republic of Germany and the former GDR on an empirical basis and indicates the perspectives of social changes in a united Germany. In the center of his attention is the development of material living conditions, the social status of men and women and the family. He relates all this to the development tendencies of the economic and political system. In a comprehensive assessment, the author interprets the basic directions of changes in the social structure in both parts of Germany as modernization.
Pembuatan Arang Aktif Nanopartikel Kulit Nangka Menggunakan High Energy Milling dengan Aktivator H3PO4
Authors: Safitri Annisa Nur , Faris Al Ghifary Muhammad , Widji Triana Nurul , Nurma Wahyusi Kindriari
Published: October 2024

Activated charcoal is a compound formed from the arrangement of C atoms with a porous internal structure so that it has adsorption properties. One of the materials that can be used to make activated charcoal is jackfruit peel which contains cellulose (52.739%), lignin (10.599%), and hemicellulose (16.913%). Grind it to size of 100 mesh and put it in milling nanoparticles using tools HEM at a speed of 1200 rpm for 2 hours. Next, the activation process was carried out with phosphoric acid compounds and variables of 1 hour, 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours and concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%. Samples in powder form were characterized by size, SEM, ash content and water content. Size test results with method Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) was found to be 1.22 nm. SEM test results show that jackfruit peel activated charcoal is composed of particles of diverse size, irregular shape and porous. EDX results showed that the chemical components of activated charcoal were C (57.08%), O (33.30%), Mg (1.33%), Si 1.57%, K 5.73%. Analysis of water content and ash content is the smallest, namely 0.18% and 0.2%.
Қазақстан Республикасындағы эрозиялық үдерістер
Authors: Сиханова Нургуль , Шынбергенов Ерлан , Алдамбергенова Гулзинат
Published: October 2024

Топырақ эрозиясы жердің өнімділігінің төмендеуіне және телімнен тыс көптеген зардапқа әкелу арқылы топырақтың қызметіне едәуір қауіп төндіреді. Су, жел эрозиясы, топырақты өңдеу мен өнімді жинау барысында топыраққа төнетін қауіптілік деңгейі және аталған физикалық тұрғыдан әртүрлі үдерістердің бір мезгілде орын алуы байқалған аймақтарға салдары еселене түседі. Мақаланың мақсаты – Қазақстан Республикасы территориясындағы эрозиялық үдерістердің таралу аймақтарын, облыстар бойынша топырақтың су және жел эрозиясына ұшыраған аумақтарын сипаттау, электронды картография құралдарын пайдаланып тақырыптық карталарды құрастыру, талдау жасау. Зерттеулер нәтижесінде еліміз бойынша ауылшаруашылығы алқаптарынан шайылған топырақтың ең көп көлемі Түркістан облысына (933,7 мың га. немесе өңірдің ауыл шаруашылығы жерлерінің жалпы ауданынан үлесі 18,9%) тиесілі екендігі анықталды, мұнан бөлек егістіктерден шайылған топырақтың ауданы бойынша – Ақмола облысы (351,3 мың га. немесе егістіктің жалпы ауданынан үлесі 28,8%) көш бастап тұр. Қазақстан Республикасындағы жел эрозиясына ұшыраған топырақтың жер көлемі бойынша Атырау облысы (3 133,9 мың га. немесе ауыл шаруашылығы жерлерінің жалпы ауданынан 13%), егістіктің дефляцияланған жерлерінің ауданы бойынша Павлодар облысының (334,3 мың га. немесе егістіктің жалпы ауданынан 74%) үлесі басым. Республика бойынша жел эрозиясына ұшыраған егістіктің жалпы ауданы 451,8 мың га. екендігін ескерсек, Павлодар облысында тіркелген шама топырақтанушы ғалымдардың жіті назар аударып, эрозияға қарсы шаралар мен тәсілдерді қолдануын талап етеді.