bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of condensed tannins and catechins monomers on antioxidant and intestinal health of Chinese seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus)
Authors: Dong Ruiqi , Qiu Jianqiang , Cao Junming , Huang Wen , Chen Bing , Zhao Hongxia , Sun Wenhao , Lu Huijie , Loh Jiun-Yan , Peng Kai
Published: February 2025

Plant-derived condensed tannins (CT) exhibit strong bioactivity of antioxidant, immunostimulation and intestinal protection, but with little clues of the mechanism of action. Since CT are consist of catechins (CAs) monomers, e.g., catechin (CA), epicatechin (EC) and epigallocatechin (EG), we motivated to use the monomers to explore the underlying mechanisms in a seabass model focusing on anti-oxidative stress and intestinal health of Lateolabrax maculatus. An in vitro intestinal primary cell oxidative stress model induced by hydrogen peroxide was set up to assess the antioxidant and immune activities of CT and CAs. Another 56–d feeding trial with 800 fish was conducted to evaluate the effects of CT and CAs on growth performance, intestinal permeability and digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology and antioxidant status, and intestinal bacterial flora of fish. Five diets were prepared to contain 0 (G1) and 1 g/kg of CT, CA, EC and EG. Fish were randomly distributed into 20 tanks with 4 tanks per diet and 40 fish per tank, and were fed to apparent satiation twice daily. Results showed that CT and CAs exhibited similar effects in alleviating hydrogen peroxide-induced cell injury by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 gene expression, and improving antioxidant and immune capacities. Dietary CT and CAs enhanced intestinal antioxidant ability and increased (p < 0.05) the abundance of intestinal Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes to oxidative stress tolerant. With a dose of 1 g/kg CT and CA promoted (p < 0.05) intestinal total antioxidant capacity, but slightly induced intestinal injury mainly due to increased (p < 0.05) intestinal permeability (as reflected by increased lipopolysaccharide concentrations) and inhibited (p < 0.05) digestion (as reflected by the decreased trypsin and lipase activities) of fish. In summary, CT and CAs protect intestine from oxidative stress and improve intestinal antioxidant capacity by stimulating antioxidant enzyme system and bacterial flora. CA and EC show similar or superior antioxidant activity than CT.
Implementation of the Community Component of the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP): A Scoping Review
Authors: Agudelo-Hernández Felipe , Giraldo-Álvarez Ana Belén
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To identify implementation variables and justify the use of the community component of the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP).

Method

The search was carried out in Cochrane, PubMed, Emerald, Scopus, Scielo, Redalyc and Google Scholar databases. Studies that analyzed the implementation of the community component of mhGAP were included, excluding those focused solely on the clinical component of mhGAP.

Results

Out of the 726 records initially identified, only four met the inclusion criteria. The findings reveal that the evaluation of the community component of mhGAP has primarily been conducted in conjunction with other global and community mental health strategies, as part of multimodal approaches. Factors are recognized as key barriers and facilitators for the successful implementation of the program.

Conclusion

The community component of mhGAP presents itself as a promising proposal to strengthen community-based mental health strategies. However, there is an urgent need to generate more evidence on the implementation of these strategies, particularly in terms of resource availability, long-term sustainability, and outcome monitoring.
Does Entrepreneurial Education Matter for the Performance of Medium-Sized Venture Entrepreneurs?
Authors: Arend Richard , Unal Ali , Bilodeau Richard
Published: February 2025

We explore the question of whether entrepreneurial education matters for medium-sized venture performance. We do so to better understand the conflicting evidence indicating that, while such education appears to have significant positive micro-level effects, it has no significant macro-level effects. The growing investment in entrepreneurial education has increased intentions and start-up rates in treatment effects studies but has yet to make an impact on national start-up or survival rates. To address the contradiction, we apply a different empirical approach—one based on the capabilities view—where we survey venture entrepreneurs about their firm’s performance and their education in order to determine whether their skills-enhancing entrepreneurial training is or is not a key driver of success. We find that while that training significantly increases their confidence, when taken as a whole—as a multidimensional measure—that entrepreneurial education does not significantly influence venture performance. We discuss the implications for research, policy, and education.
Volunteer Management in Non-Profit Organizations: Experience of Huellas Foundation in Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Araque Lenis Yelin
Published: February 2025

This study explored how volunteer management is adapted to the specific context of a nonprofit organization (NPO). Through a participatory autoethnographic approach in Huellas Foundation, a Colombian NPO that supports its mission operation in volunteer action, it examined how management practices evolve and adjust according to the particular needs of the context. The analysis revealed two fundamental principles that emerge and guide volunteer management: self-realization and institutional recognition. It also identified four key components that shape the management process: the conversation between roles, profiles, times, and interests; the understanding of volunteering as a cultural reference; the balance between legal shielding and emotional construction; and the contribution of volunteer action to the social organization. The findings suggest that effective volunteer management requires continuous adaptation of practices according to the specific context, considering both the needs of the organization and the motivations of volunteers. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on how the contingent approach to volunteer management manifests itself in a Latin American context and offers valuable insights for the adaptation of practices in different organizational contexts.
Sugarcane Distribution Simulation and Climate Change Impact Analysis in China
Authors: Zhou Zhiluo , Liu Xiaohuang , Liu Run , Liu Jiufen , Liu Wenjie , Yang Qiu , Luo Xinping , Wang Ran , Xing Liyuan , Zhao Honghui , Wang Chao
Published: February 2025

Sugarcane is an important economic crop in China, and its yield is significantly affected by climate change. With climate change leading to significant shifts in environmental conditions, the suitable cultivation zones for the crop are expected to change, impacting China’s sugarcane production and industry layout. This study aims to analyze potential distribution areas for sugarcane under different climate change scenarios, providing scientific guidance for optimizing future cultivation zones and resource allocation. Data on sugarcane distribution in China and 38 related environmental factors were collected. After excluding variables with high correlations, the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS 10.2 software were used to analyze the main environmental factors affecting crop survival based on contribution rates and the Jackknife method. The study simulated the suitable areas in China during the historical period and predicted future suitable areas under three greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5). The results showed that the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) was 0.921, indicating high accuracy in the model’s analysis of suitability zones. The three dominant environmental variables influencing sugarcane distribution in China were identified as annual precipitation, min temperature of the coldest month and elevation. The primary suitable zones are concentrated in southern China, forming a “V” shape, including regions such as Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hainan, and Fujian. In the future, the area of unsuitable zones is expected to decrease. The overall suitable zones for sugarcane are projected to shift towards the central and northern parts of China. This research can assist China’s sugarcane industry in addressing the challenges of climate change and provide references for its cultivation, industry layout optimization, and the selection of new planting sites.
Surface Soil Moisture Estimation Taking into Account the Land Use and Fractional Vegetation Cover by Multi-Source Remote Sensing
Authors: Lin Rencai , Xu Xiaohua , Zhang Xiuping , Hu Zhenning , Wang Guobin , Shi Yanping , Zhao Xinyu , Sang Honghui
Published: February 2025

Surface soil moisture (SSM) plays a pivotal role various fields, including agriculture, hydrology, water environment, and meteorology. To investigate the impact of land use types and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) on the accuracy of SSM estimation, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of SSM estimation performance across diverse land use scenarios (e.g., multiple land use combinations and cropland) and varying FVC conditions. Sentinel-2 NDVI and MOD09A1 NDVI were fused by the Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflection Fusion Model (ESTARFM) to obtain NDVI with a temporal resolution better than 8 d and a spatial resolution of 20 m, which improved the matching degree between NDVI and the Sentinel-1 backscattering coefficient (σ0). Based on the σ0, NDVI, and in situ SSM, combined with the water cloud model (WCM), the SSM estimation model is established, and the model of each land use and FVC is validated. The model has been applied in Handan. The results are as follows: (1) Compared with vertical–horizontal (VH) polarization, vertical–vertical (VV) polarization is more sensitive to soil backscattering (σsoil0). In the model for multiple land use combinations (Multiple-Model) and the model for the cropland (Cropland-Model), the R2 increases by 0.084 and 0.041, respectively. (2) The estimation accuracy of SSM for the Multiple-Model and Cropland-Model is satisfactory (Multiple-Model, RMSE = 0.024 cm3/cm3, MAE = 0.019 cm3/cm3, R2 = 0.891; Cropland-Model, RMSE = 0.023 cm3/cm3, MAE = 0.018 cm3/cm3, R2 = 0.886). (3) When the FVC > 0.75, the accuracy of SSM by the WCM is low. It is suggested the model should be applied to the cropland where the FVC ≤ 0.75. This study clarified the applicability of SSM estimation by microwave remote sensing (RS) in different land uses and FVCs, which can provide scientific reference for regional agricultural irrigation and agricultural water resources management. The findings highlight that the VV polarization-based model significantly improves SSM estimation accuracy, particularly in croplands with FVC ≤ 0.75, offering a reliable tool for optimizing irrigation schedules and enhancing water use efficiency in agriculture. These results can aid in better water resource management, especially in regions with limited water availability, by providing precise soil moisture data for informed decision-making.
Evaluating the Impact of Various Drying Processes on the Comprehensive Properties of Thyme Powder (Thymus vulgaris) for Retention of Its Bioactive Properties
Authors: Roy Nisha , Sharma Neha , Mohite Ashish M.
Published: February 2025

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) was dried using a tray dryer, recirculating tray dryer, and vacuum dryer at 35 °C, 40 °C, and 45 °C, respectively. The dried thyme after attaining 5% moisture content was subjected to a grinding process to obtain powder using a hammer mill for further analysis of physiochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and techno-functional properties. The ash content was 10.21%, fiber content was 13.57%, fat content was 1.69%, protein content was 5.61%, and carbohydrate content was 22.91% for the thyme sample dried at 35 °C via vacuum drying. Meanwhile, regarding the functional properties, the swelling power was 0.31%, dispersibility was 27.72%, emulsion capacity was 35.44%, foam capacity was 35.47%, and foam stability was 1.84% for the thyme sample dried at 40 °C in the vacuum dryer. The total chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid content, and bioactive compounds were retained best in the vacuum-dried sample at 40 °C. Bioactive compound retention for VDT among the selected three techniques at 35 °C was considerably better. The color values were found to be similar to those of freshly harvested thyme (hue, 93.39; chroma, 3.47) for the thyme sample dried at 40 °C in a vacuum dryer. Based on the analysis, it was found that vacuum drying at 40 °C gave better results, followed by the recirculating tray dryer at 40 °C and the tray dryer at 40 °C. The adequately dried thyme samples with the time–temperature combinations for different drying techniques used can be used further for product development and studies on their shelf life.
Effects and Mechanisms of Imperatorin on Vitrified Mouse Oocytes
Authors: Feng Yuan , Zhang Mengyuan , Yuan Wenqing , Zhao Dan , Luo Zhixuan , Tang Zihui , Wang Yongheng , Cang Ming
Published: February 2025

Imperatorin (IMP) is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin with beneficial biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, and neuromodulatory properties. Currently, the protective effects and mechanisms of IMP on oxidative stress experienced by mouse oocytes after vitrification–thawing remain unclear. To investigate the influence of IMP on mouse oocyte development after vitrification–thawing, we added different concentrations of IMP to the vitrification and thawing media. Results indicated that the addition of 40 μM IMP enhanced post-thaw fertilization capacity, reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. IMP also improved mitochondrial health by alleviating the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and enhancing mitochondrial distribution. IMP reduced intracellular ROS levels by affecting the transcription of the antioxidant genes SOD2, NRF2, and HO-1 and enhancing SOD activity. It also elevated GSH levels via GPX1, improved mitochondrial function, and decreased early apoptosis through Bcl-2. In conclusion, IMP enhanced ovum health through the alleviation of oxidative stress. The present study provides useful information for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of IMP in female reproductive cells and offers a novel approach for the improvement of vitrification technology.
Effects of Different Levels of Flea Infestation on Gut Microbiota of Brandt’s Voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) in China
Authors: Wang Zhenxu , Wang Lu , Guo Chenran , Wang Zihao , Lun Xinchang , Ji Haoqiang , Shang Meng , Wang Xiaoxu , Liu Qiyong
Published: February 2025

Brandt’s vole is a common small rodent, and its gut microbiota is critical to host health and immune function. The parasitic fleas commonly found in Brandt’s voles cause an immune response, but their impact on the gut microbiota remains unclear. According to the level of flea infestation, Brandt’s voles were divided into the control group, low-infestation group, and high-infestation group. The changes in the microbial community composition, abundance, and diversity of the gut microbiota were evaluated using 16S rRNA sequencing. Flea infestation significantly affected body weight, food intake, and gut microbiota structure. The low-infestation group exhibited the most pronounced changes in weight and food intake, while the high-infestation group showed the least. In the 4th week, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed an increase in alpha diversity and alterations in microbial composition. Beta-diversity analysis indicated significant differences in the intestinal microbiota between the experimental groups and the control group. By the 8th week, these differences had diminished, suggesting that the microbiota had stabilized or recovered over time. Overall, parasitic flea infestation significantly alters the diversity, structure, and characteristic microbial enrichment of the gut microbiota in Brandt’s voles, potentially impacting host metabolism, immunity, and growth. While this study lasted 8 weeks, the long-term health effects of flea infestation may persist. Future research should elucidate the interaction mechanisms between parasites and hosts, define the time frames and mechanisms of these long-term impacts, and provide theoretical support for animal health management and disease control.
Predictive and Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Weight Loss After Sleeve Gastrectomy: Insights from Wide and Deep Learning with Medical Image and Non-Image Data
Authors: Park Jaechan , Park Sungsoo , Lee Kwang-Sig , Kwon Yeongkeun
Published: February 2025

There has been no feasible approach for predicting weight loss after bariatric surgery. This study develops wide and deep learning (WAD), a predictive and explainable artificial intelligence for weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy with medical image and non-image data, such as electronic medical records (EMRs). Prospective data came from 42 patients with sleeve gastrectomy at a university hospital. They were followed for one year after surgery. The dependent variable consisted of three categories: minimal, moderate, and significant change groups, classified based on postoperative percentage total weight loss (%TWL) in body mass index. A pair of 100 images and their non-image data came from each patient, with 4200 pairs from 42 patients in total. A WAD model was trained and tested with 3200 and 1000 pairs, respectively. Here, the WAD model combined a convolutional neural network (CNN) for image data and a linear layer for non-image data (EMR). The study population included 42 patients, with a mean age of 36.6 years (standard deviation SD 11.0) and a female proportion of 58% (26/45). On average, %TWL was 19.1 (SD 2.8), 27.3 (SD 2.2), and 35.1 (SD 4.7) for the minimal, moderate, and significant change groups, respectively. The corresponding accuracy outcomes were 61%, 100%, and 75% for the minimal, moderate, and significant change groups (average 71%). When the minimal and moderate change groups were combined, the accuracy was 100% for the combined group and 75% for the significant change group, with an overall average accuracy of 88%. Baseline HOMA2-B, insulin, and vitamin B12 were major predictors of %TWL. The optimal region of interest for predicting %TWL was found to be the entire cross-section above the diaphragm. In conclusion, WAD is an effective predictive and explainable artificial intelligence for weight loss following sleeve gastrectomy with image and non-image data. The most important predictors of postoperative weight loss were identified as baseline HOMA2-B, insulin, and vitamin B12 levels, while the key region of interest (ROI) in abdominal CT imaging was the entire cross-section located above the diaphragm.
Synthesis of ZnO/g-C3N4 Composites Obtained by Pyrolysis of a Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent and Their Application as Catalysts in Different AOPs
Authors: Lomba-Fernández Bárbara , Pazos Marta , Rosales Emilio , Sanromán M. Ángeles
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the synthesis and evaluation of ZnO/g-C3N4 composites as efficient green catalysts for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) targeting the treatment of contaminated water. The composites were synthesized using a ternary deep eutectic solvent and physically–chemically characterized in detail, confirming their structural integrity and successful synthesis. Photocatalytic, photo-Fenton- and electro-Fenton-like experiments were conducted using Rhodamine B as a model contaminant to evaluate the catalytic performance, reuse and stability of the synthesized material. The synthesized ZnO/g-C3N4 composites demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity under LED light (395 nm), achieving a pollutant removal of around 59% in 90 min. The combined effect of the designed catalyst and Fenton-like process, a photo-Fenton-like process, significantly improved this performance, achieving removal of close to 95% in 60 min due to the synergistic effects of the irradiation and H2O2 activation. Finally, the catalytic action of synthesized ZnO/g-C3N4 composites in the electro-Fenton-like process exhibited superior efficiency, achieving 90% removal within 45 min and kinetic constants four times higher than those of anodic oxidation alone. In addition, reuse studies confirmed the stability and catalytic activity of the composites for several cycles with high removal efficiencies, demonstrating their viability for long-term and scalable water treatment applications. These findings highlight the potential of ZnO/g-C3N4 composites synthesized through DES as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for water remediation technologies.
Highlighting the Role of Prenatally Administered Drugs in the Production of Dental Enamel Defects in Rats by Polarized Light Microscopy
Authors: Popescu Mihai , Bătăiosu Marilena , Petrescu Stelian-Mihai-Sever , Ionescu Mihaela , Văruț Marius Ciprian , Vlăduțu Diana Elena , Dudan Tiberius-Cătălin , Chiriac Adina-Monica , Fiera (Maglaviceanu) Camelia , Mercuț Veronica
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Although factors acting both prenatally and postnatally are taken into consideration, the etiopathogenesis of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) is not fully understood. Among the medications used for a variety of ailments, amoxicillin and cefaclor are indicated as having a part in the development of DDE. The objective of the present study was to reproduce DDE in the laboratory in rats by administering amoxicillin, ibuprofen, and cefaclor. These lesions were subsequently diagnosed using polarized light microscopy (PLM). Methods: This study was conducted on Wistar rats, which were given prenatally drugs possibly involved in the production of DDE. After macroscopic examination and identification of enamel defects, bright-field microscopy (BFM) and PLM examination were performed. Results: The group that received cefaclor was the most affected, according to the data gathered from this study. This group was followed by the groups that received amoxicillin in a double dose, ibuprofen, amoxicillin in a standard dose, and the control group. Conclusions: In the control group, DDE was identified in a reduced number, resulting in the fact that there are other factors involved, besides the drugs administered, in the development of DDE. Following this research, it was concluded that DDE in the form of demineralization was more frequently recorded in the cefaclor and ibuprofen groups, while DDE in the form of hypoplasia was more frequently recorded in the double-dose and standard-dose amoxicillin groups.
Sonidegib Inhibits the Adhesion of Acute Myeloid Leukemia to the Bone Marrow in Hypoxia: An Optical Tweezer Study
Authors: Gdesz-Birula Katarzyna , Drobczyński Sławomir , Sarat Krystian , Duś-Szachniewicz Kamila
Published: February 2025

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease highly resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) can enter a dormant state and avoid apoptosis in the protective niche of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Moreover, bone marrow stromal cells protect leukemia cells by promoting pro-survival signaling pathways and drug resistance. Therefore, attenuating interactions between leukemia cells and BM cells may have a positive therapeutic effect. Objectives: In this work, we hypothesized that sondages may inhibit the adhesion of leukemia cells to the bone marrow by inhibiting the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. The Hedgehog pathway is a key therapeutic target in AML due to its role in leukemic cell growth and survival. Methods: We investigated the effects of sonidegib on the adhesion of individual OCI-AML3 cells to a bone marrow stromal spheroid derived from the HS-5 cell line. For this purpose, we precisely determined the minimum cell-to-cell adhesion time using optical tweezers under normoxic (21% of O2) and hypoxic (1% of O2) conditions. Results: Our results demonstrated that sonidegib significantly increased the minimum cell-to-cell adhesion time necessary for leukemic cells to establish adhesive bonds with bone marrow stromal cells, thereby indicating a reduction in their adhesive properties. Additionally, we showed that sonidegib is particularly effective at hypoxic oxygen concentrations. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that sonidegib, through its modulation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, holds promise as a potential therapeutic approach to target leukemic cell adhesion within the bone marrow microenvironment.
Insights into the Correlation and Immune Crosstalk Between COVID-19 and Sjögren’s Syndrome Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca via Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis and Machine Learning
Authors: Cheng Yaqi , Zhao Liang , Yu Huan , Lin Jiayi , Li Meng , Zhang Huini , Zhu Haocheng , Cheng Huanhuan , Huang Qunai , Liu Yingjie , Wang Tao , Ling Shiqi
Published: February 2025

Background: Although autoimmune complications of COVID-19 have aroused concerns, there is no consensus on its ocular complications. Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease accompanied by the ocular abnormality keratoconjunctivitis sicca (SS-KCS), which may be influenced by COVID-19. Thereby, we explored the possible interaction between COVID-19 and SS-KCS, and we aimed to elucidate the potential correlated mechanism. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in COVID-19 and SS-KCS transcriptome data obtained from the gene expression omnibus database were identified, and COVID-19-related genes were screened using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Common genes were verified using four machine-learning diagnostic predictors. The clinical relationship between the two common hub genes of COVID-19 was analyzed. Finally, the immune cell types infiltrating the microenvironment in the COVID-19 dataset were analyzed using CIBERSORT, and the interrelation between key genes and differentially infiltrating immune cells was verified via Pearson correlation. Results: Ten potential primary hub mRNAs were screened by intersecting the COVID-19 DEGs, SS-KCS DEGs, and WGCNA genes. After a multifaceted evaluation using four mainstream machine-learning diagnostic predictors, the most accurate and sensitive random forest model identified CR1 and TAP2 as the common hub genes of COVID-19 and SS-KCS. Together with the clinical information on COVID-19, the expression of CR1 and TAP2 was significantly correlated with the status and severity of COVID-19. CR1 and TAP2 were significantly positively correlated with M0 and M2 macrophages, neutrophils, and CD4+ memory resting T cells and negatively correlated with activated NK cells, monocytes, and CD8+ T cells. Conclusions: We validated the hub genes associated with both COVID-19 and SS-KCS, and we investigated the immune mechanisms underlying their interaction, which may help in the early prediction, identification, diagnosis, and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection-related SS-KCS syndrome or many other immune-related complications in the long COVID period.
The Infratrochlear Nerve Block Reduces the Incidence of Postoperative Nausea Vomiting in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Strabismus Surgery—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Oh Chung-Sik , Shin Hyun Jin , Park Seon-Ju , Kim Seong-Hyop , Lee Yea-Ji
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Strabismus surgery in pediatric patients is associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Patients showing pain are more prone to develop PONV. As the infratrochlear nerve (ITN) block can ameliorate perioperative pain following strabismus surgery, we hypothesized that ITN block may influence PONV in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery. Methods: The medical charts of pediatric patients older than 2 years with exotropia who underwent strabismus surgery under general anesthesia, with or without ITN block, were reviewed retrospectively. The incidence of PONV, intraoperative surgical pleth index (SPI), state entropy (SE), response entropy (RE), the changes in hemodynamics, and perioperative use of metoclopramide and ketoprofen were investigated. Results: The study population comprised 116 patients (58 for the No-block group vs. 58 for the ITN group). The incidence of PONV was significantly lower in the ITN block group compared to the No-block group (5.2% vs. 22.4%, respectively; p = 0.015). The SPI at conjunctiva incision, muscle dissection and traction were significantly lower in the ITN block group than in the No-block group. SE was comparable between the two groups, but RE at muscle dissection and traction was significantly lower in the ITN block group than in the No-block group. The use of metoclopramide and ketoprofen was also lower in the ITN block group than in the No-block group. Conclusions: ITN block reduced PONV as well as perioperative pain in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery.
Cardiac Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles as a Potential Targeted Delivery System for Cardiac Therapy
Authors: Pikwong Faprathan , Kamsarn Jiraporn , Jarisarapurin Wattanased , Baipaywad Phornsawat , Park Hansoo , Kumphune Sarawut
Published: February 2025

Cardiomyopathies, a cause of heart failure, are a predominant cause of death globally and may lead to discernible myocardial abnormalities. Several therapeutic agents were discovered, developed, investigated, and evaluated to save patients’ lives and improve their quality of life. The effective administration of drugs improves therapeutic outcomes while reducing side effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been utilised for the delivery of therapeutic agents and demonstrate promise in reducing myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. However, significant limitations of NPs include non-specific targeting and immunogenicity. To improve cardiac targeting and biocompatibility, surface modifications using a cardiac cell membrane (cCM) coating on the surface of NPs have been hypothesised. Here, cCMs were isolated from the human ventricular cell line (AC16), and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were synthesised and then coated with cCMs. The cardiac cell membrane-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (cCMCMSNs) did not significantly alter the encapsulation efficiency or the release profile of the loaded drug (Rhodamine B) in comparison to MSN. Moreover, cCMCMSNs demonstrated a significantly enhanced distribution of RhB specifically to cardiac cells, compared to other cell types, without causing cytotoxicity. To evaluate immune escape, cCMCMSNs were exposed to activated macrophages, demonstrating that cCMCMSNs were phagocytosed to a lesser extent than MSN. This study demonstrated the synthesis of cardiac cell membranes coated on the surface of nanoparticles as nanomedicine technologies that enhance selective drug delivery to cardiac cells, potentially offering an alternate method for drug administration in cardiovascular diseases.
Estimation of Maximum Obtainable RBE ‘Turnover-Points’ (LETU) for Accelerated Ions Based on a Nuclear Charge Radius Hypothesis to Obtain Iso-Effective LET and RBE Values
Authors: Jones Bleddyn
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between nuclear charge (Z), atomic mass (A), LET (linear energy transfer for maximal relative biological effectiveness (RBE)) for accelerated ions based on the hypothesis that for each ion, LETU is related to their nuclear radius. Methods: Published LETU data for proton, helium, carbon, neon, silicon, argon, and iron ions and their Z and A numbers are fitted by a power law function (PLF) and compared with PLF based on atomic cross-sections and nuclear dimensions for spherical or spheroidal atomic nuclei. The PLF allows for isoeffective RBE estimations for different ions at any value of LET based on the LETU estimations. For any two ions, A and B, and a specified bioeffect obtained at LETA, the equivalent isoeffective LETB, is estimated using LETB=LETA.LETU[B]LETU[A]. Results: The data-fitting program provided the following results: LETU=78.1.A0.26, and LETU=86.6.Z0.29, where 78.1 and 86.6 keV.μm−1 are the proton LETU values (i.e., without proton cellular range limit considerations). Goodness-of-fit tests are similar for each model, but the proton estimations differ. These exponents are lower than 0.66 and 0.33 (those for nuclear cross-sections and spherical nuclear radii, respectively), but suggest prolate nuclear shapes in most of the ions studied. Worked examples of estimating isoeffective LET values for two different ions are provided. Conclusions: The fitted power law relationships between LETU and Z or A are broadly equivalent and compatible with prolate nuclear shapes. These models may offer a more rational basis for future ion-beam radiobiology research.
Modeling the Interaction Between Silver(I) Ion and Proteins with 12-6 Lennard-Jones Potential: A Bottom-Up Parameterization Approach
Authors: Manciocchi Luca , Bianchi Alexandre , Mazan Valérie , Potapov Mark , Fromm Katharina M. , Spichty Martin
Published: February 2025

Silver(I) ions and organometallic complexes thereof are well-established antimicrobial agents. They have been employed in medical applications for centuries. It is also known that some bacteria can resist silver(I) treatments through an efflux mechanism. However, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. All-atom force-field simulations can provide valuable structural and thermodynamic insights into the molecular processes of the underlying mechanism. Lennard-Jones parameters of silver(I) have been available for quite some time; their applicability to properly describing the binding properties (affinity, binding distance) between silver(I) and peptide-based binding motifs is, however, still an open question. Here, we demonstrate that the standard 12-6 Lennard-Jones parameters (previously developed to describe the hydration free energy with the TIP3P water model) significantly underestimate the interaction strength between silver(I) and both methionine and histidine. These are two key amino-acid residues in silver(I)-binding motifs of proteins involved in the efflux process. Using free-energy calculations, we calibrated non-bonded fix (NBFIX) parameters for the CHARMM36m force field to reproduce the experimental binding constant between amino acid sidechain fragments and silver(I) ions. We then successfully validated the new parameters on a set of small silver-binding peptides with experimentally known binding constants. In addition, we monitored how silver(I) ions increased the α-helical content of the LP1 oligopeptide, in agreement with previously reported Circular Dichroism (CD) experiments. Future improvements are outlined. The implementation of these new parameters is straightforward in all simulation packages that can use the CHARMM36m force field. It sets the stage for the modeling community to study more complex silver(I)-binding processes such as the interaction with silver(I)-binding-transporter proteins.
Neurofilament Light Chain in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood in Multiple System Atrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Demiri Silvia , Veltsista Dimitra , Siokas Vasileios , Spiliopoulos Kanellos C. , Tsika Antonia , Stamati Polyxeni , Chroni Elisabeth , Dardiotis Efthimios , Liampas Ioannis
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) presents a challenging diagnosis due to its clinical overlap with other neurodegenerative disorders, especially other α-synucleinopathies. The main purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess neurofilament light chain (NfL) differences in the CSF and blood of patients with MSA versus the healthy control group (HC), patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and patients with Lewy body dementia (LBD). Secondarily, the diagnostic metrics of CSF and circulating NfL in MSA versus HC, PD, LBD, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) were discussed. Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE were thoroughly searched for relevant case-control studies. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated separately for CSF and blood NfL per comparison. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed based on the Q and I^2 statistics. Results: Twenty-five relevant studies were retrieved. Quantitative syntheses revealed elevated CSF and circulating NfL levels in individuals with MSA versus HC [SMD = 1.80 (95%CI = 1.66, 1.94) and SMD = 2.00 (95%CI = 1.36, 2.63), respectively] versus PD [SMD = 1.65 (95%CI = 1.26, 2.03) and SMD = 1.63 (95%CI = 0.84, 2.43), respectively] as well as versus LBD [SMD = 1.17, (95%CI = 0.71, 1.63) and SMD = 0.65 (95%CI = 0.30, 1.00), respectively]. Diagnostic accuracy was outstanding for CSF and blood NfL in MSA versus HC and PD, and it was moderate in MSA versus LBD. On the other hand, it was suboptimal in MSA vs. PSP and CBD. Conclusions: Both CSF and circulating NfL levels are elevated in MSA compared to HC, PD and LBD. To achieve optimal diagnostic properties, further work is required in the standardization of processes and the establishment of reference NfL intervals and/or thresholds.
How Reframing Affects Confidence in Complex Decisions: Evidence from Behavioral Measures and Decisional Styles
Authors: Balconi Michela , Daffinà Angelica , Angioletti Laura
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This research examined the impact of reframing on decision confidence and its link with individual decision-making styles in a sample of healthy adults. Methods: Participants completed a Resistance to Reframe Task, which involved two decision-making steps. In each step, they chose the best option from four alternatives for a workplace situation and rated their confidence in the decision. Then, the task was reframed to highlight the negative consequences of their initial choice, and they reassessed their confidence. Confidence scores and reaction times (RTs) were recorded for the confidence ratings of each step. The General Decision-Making Style (GDMS) and Maximization Scale (MS) were also used to profile decision-making styles and explore their links to behavioral responses. Results: Findings demonstrated that reframing significantly reduces participants’ confidence, particularly in the first step, highlighting its effectiveness in challenging initial choices. Additionally, higher RTs after reframing emphasize the cognitive complexity introduced by the change of perspective and allows us to describe the dynamic of the decision-making process. Correlational findings suggested that while some traits (e.g., dependent style) reduce confidence after the reframing, others (e.g., high standards, decision difficulty) seem to reinforce it. Similarly, decision-making style as MS alternative search increases RTs, reflecting the heightened complexity of reframed decision contexts. Conclusions: The results underscored the importance of considering confidence in the decision and individual differences when studying decision-making under reframing conditions. Individual differences in decision-making styles may act as protective or vulnerability factors to reframe in decision-making processes.
Operationalizing Sustainability in Old Community Renewal: A Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Resident Satisfaction in Chengdu, China
Authors: Ouyang Qiaoli , Liu Fengxiang , Wang Yanyu
Published: February 2025

The sustainable renewal of old communities is a key approach to improving residents’ quality of life and optimizing urban stock space. However, the research on the effectiveness of renewal initiatives, particularly regarding resident satisfaction, remains insufficient. This study aimed to develop a structured approach by constructing a sustainable development framework with 28 indicators across five aspects—traffic space, leisure space, green space, sense of belonging, and comfort—to evaluate residents’ satisfaction with both physical and spiritual dimensions. Utilizing the IPA–Kano method, a revised IPA quadrant diagram was generated to guide optimization efforts. This study conducted an extensive survey across 16 communities in Chengdu, China, to identify key patterns and challenges. Based on these insights, four representative projects were selected as case studies. The study revealed that the 28 evaluation indicators were categorized into 12 necessary needs and 16 expectation needs. Furthermore, the community renewal projects in Chengdu place a notably greater emphasis on the spiritual dimension. Specifically, satisfaction scores for 14 indicators—11 related to the material dimension and 3 related to the spiritual dimension—were found to be below the average score of 3.28. Targeted renewal strategies are proposed for these indicators. This method offers valuable insights and references for future old community renewal designs and contributes to the sustainable transformation of urban stock spaces in China.
Assessment of Indoor Air Quality in Primary School Classrooms: A Case Study in Mbuji Mayi and Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Nyembwe Jean Paul Kapuya Bulaba , Florent Mbwisi Takizala Junior , Kalonji Muangala Serge , Kayembe Nyembwe Olivier , Ogundiran John Omomoluwa , Gameiro da Silva Manuel
Published: February 2025

This study assesses indoor air quality (IAQ) in two schools in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), contributing scientific data for a developing tropic such as the DRC marked by the absence of sufficient study on the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in school buildings. Over ten weeks, we monitored IEQ parameters in two schools, considering their unique geographical and environmental settings. Using a calibrated IEQ multiprobe and particle counters, we measured the CO2 levels, temperature, relative humidity, and particulate matter (PM). Our data analysis, which included ANOVA and correlation assessments, revealed a concerning trend. We found that the CO2 and PM concentrations in the classroom were significantly high, often exceeding recommended safety thresholds. The current natural ventilation systems were found to be inadequate, particularly in managing CO2 concentrations and PM levels influenced by proximity to industrial activities. Our study recommends that schools in similar settings adopt mechanical ventilation systems with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to improve IAQ. We also recommend regular monitoring and dynamic air quality adjustment based on real-time data to ensure the effectiveness of implemented interventions. Furthermore, we propose that future studies focus on a broader range of environmental conditions and include many schools and educational buildings to enhance the generalisability of the findings. Long-term health outcomes and the cost-effectiveness of different ventilation strategies should also be explored to develop adapted, sustainable interventions for improving student well-being and performance in schools globally.
Natural Ventilation and Energy Consumption Research for Dry Sports Halls Within National Fitness Centers in Cold Regions—Case Study of Qingdao
Authors: Zhang Wen , Li Lingling , Li Yu
Published: February 2025

The lack of energy-saving design in national fitness centers has affected low-cost operation and indoor comfort. Existing studies mainly focus on the impact of lighting and heat on energy consumption in sports stadiums, highlighting the need for the comprehensive planning of natural ventilation design to improve energy efficiency. This study uses the national fitness center in Qingdao as a case study, collecting building environmental information through field measurements and questionnaire surveys. Four design elements were selected: the window-to-wall ratio (WWR), proportion of operable window area (OWAR), skylight area ratio (SAR), and floor plan layout. Through the utilization of Ladybug Tools in combination with Radiance and EnergyPlus, an annual energy consumption simulation under natural ventilation conditions was conducted using an airflow network model. This study found that the WWR has a significant impact on lighting, ventilation, and energy consumption. The optimal WWR configuration for the venue was determined to be 0.37 for the north facade, 0.26 for the east, 0.53 for the south, and 0.41 for the west. Compared to no natural ventilation, cooling energy consumption was reduced by 18.02%, and fan energy consumption decreased by 11.03%. The energy-saving effect was optimal when the OWAR was approximately 30%. When the SAR reached 5%, cooling and lighting energy consumption were significantly reduced, resulting in the lowest total energy consumption. The study also compared the energy consumption differences in various floor plan layouts under the influence of natural ventilation. This research evaluates the natural ventilation efficiency of community fitness centers, avoiding the hidden energy consumption transfer typical of traditional single-objective optimization methods, and improves the energy-efficient design approach for national fitness centers.
The Influence of Roof Opening and Closure on the Overall Wind Pressure Distribution of Airport Terminal Roof
Authors: Li Mingjie , Zhang Xiaomin , Bao Yuxuan , Lin Jiwei , Pei Cheng , Cheng Xiaokang , Ma Cunming
Published: February 2025

This article investigates the effects of roof opening and closure conditions on the mean and fluctuating wind pressure coefficient of the roof surface through rigid model wind tunnel tests and further explores the non-Gaussian characteristics of wind pressure (skewness, kurtosis, and wind pressure probability density) under the two conditions. Then, based on the non-Gaussian characteristics under two working conditions, this paper constructs a Hermite moment model to solve the peak factor of the roof surface to evaluate the impact of roof opening and closure on the most unfavorable extreme wind pressure. The research results show that under the two working conditions of roof opening and closure, the windward leading edge’s mean and fluctuating wind pressure coefficients change most significantly, leading to an increase in the degree of flow separation at the windward leading edge. This causes the skewness, kurtosis, and probability density function of the wind pressure at the windward leading edge of the roof to deviate significantly from the standard Gaussian distribution, exhibiting strong non-Gaussian characteristics. Meanwhile, based on the Hermite moment model, it is found that the peak factor of most measuring points is concentrated between 3.5 and 5.0 under both roof opening and closure conditions, significantly higher than the recommended value of 2.5 in GB 50009-2012. In addition, under roof opening, the most unfavorable negative pressure coefficient is −4.54, and the absolute value of its most unfavorable negative pressure extreme is 1.3% higher than the roof opening closure condition.