bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thinking and Speaking in a Second Language
Authors: Wang Yi , Wei Li
Published: May 2022

Does the language we speak affect the way we think? This Element provides a synthesis of contemporary research on the interplay between language and cognition in speakers of two or more languages and examines variables deemed to impact bilingual acquisition and conceptualization of language-specific thinking patterns during L2 learning. An overview of different yet interrelated studies is offered across a variety of conceptual domains to illustrate different approaches and key variables. The comparison of monolingual and bilingual data demonstrates the highly integrative nature between L2 learning and the changing of one's entire cognitive outlook in L2 speakers. This Element makes relevant connections between language learning and bilingual cognition, aiming to shed new light on how learners acquire conceptual distinctions of the target language(s). It also raises theoretical and pedagogical issues that encourage teachers to reflect upon how to incorporate recent advances in language-and-cognition research with aspects of L2 teaching.
Growth and Survival
Authors: Kinkel Jonathan J.
Published: May 2022

Bridging disparate literatures on courts and the legal profession in China, Jonathan J. Kinkel introduces an innovative cross-disciplinary framework to understand the reality of Chinese politics and society. Fusing a variety of perspectives from social ecology, historical institutionalism, and empirical legal studies, Kinkel contextualises patterns of court reform within China's rapid economic and social transformations. This book's extensive case studies emphasise the dynamic expansion of the legal system in the post-Mao reform period and demonstrate that law firm growth in large cities, especially in the early twenty-first century, pressured courts at the local and national levels to enhance judicial autonomy. Advancing debates on the multiplicity of political-legal regimes, this book offers a comprehensive, empirical account of how reforms in both the public and private arenas can interact and operate alongside one another.
The Congo Trials in the International Criminal Court
Authors: Gaskins Richard
Published: May 2022

This is the first in-depth study of the first three ICC trials: an engaging, accessible text meant for specialists and students, for legal advocates and a wide range of professionals concerned with diverse cultures, human rights, and restorative justice. Now with an updated postscript for the paperback edition, it offers a balanced view on persistent tensions and controversies. Separate chapters analyze the working realities of central African armed conflicts, finding reasons for their surprising resistance to ICC legal formulas. The book dissects the Court's structural dynamics, which were designed to steer an elusive middle course between high moral ideals and hard political realities. Detailed chapters provide vivid accounts of courtroom encounters with four Congolese suspects. The mixed record of convictions, acquittals, dissents, and appeals, resulting from these trials, provides a map of distinct fault-lines within the ICC legal code, and suggests a rocky path ahead for the Court's next ventures.
What Goes Without Saying
Authors: Carlson Taylor N. , Settle Jaime E.
Published: May 2022

Why are political conversations uncomfortable for so many people? The current literature focuses on the structure of people's discussion networks and the frequency with which they talk about politics, but not the dynamics of the conversations themselves. In What Goes Without Saying, Taylor N. Carlson and Jaime E. Settle investigate how Americans navigate these discussions in their daily lives, with particular attention to the decision-making process around when and how to broach politics. The authors use a multi-methods approach to unpack what they call the 4D Framework of political conversation: identifying the ways that people detect others' views, decide whether to talk, discuss their opinions honestly—or not, and determine whether they will repeat the experience in the future. In developing a framework for studying and explaining political discussion as a social process, What Goes Without Saying will set the agenda for research in political science, psychology, communication, and sociology for decades to come.
Musical Encounters at the 1889 Paris World's Fair
Authors: Fauser Annegret
Published: May 2022

Musical Encounters at the 1889 Paris World's Fair  explores the ways in which music was used, appropriated, exhibited, listened to, and written about during the six months of the 1889 Exposition Universelle in Paris, thereby revealing the role and the sociopolitical uses of music in France and, more generally, Europe during the late nineteenth century.
How D. H. Lawrence Read Herman Melville
Authors: Hayes Kevin J.
Published: May 2022

Details Lawrence's reception of Melville and reveals his underacknowledged role in the Melville Revival, while contributing to the history of the book and the study of the creative process.
Anneliese's House
Authors: Andreas-Salomé Lou
Published: May 2022

The first English translation of a presciently modern portrayal of emerging feminist sensibilities in a nineteenth-century family, by one of Germany's leading pre-First World War writers
Whites and Democracy in South Africa
Authors: Southall Roger
Published: May 2022

A key book in Whiteness studies that engages with the different ways in which the last white minority in Africa to give way to majority rule has adjusted to the arrival of democracy and the different modes of transition from settlers to 'citizens'.
The British Navy in Eastern Waters
Authors: Grainger John D.
Published: May 2022

Provides a comprehensive overview of the activities of the British navy in the Indian and Pacific Oceans from the earliest times to the present.
A Companion to Catalan Literature
Authors: Terry Arthur
Published: May 2022

The first and only guide in English to the influential body of Catalan literature, from the middle ages to the present day.
A Companion to Gabriel García Márquez
Authors: Williams Raymond Leslie
Published: May 2022

This book examines one of the major Latin American writers of the twentieth century.
Dr Williams s Trust and Library A History
Authors: Argent Alan
Published: May 2022

This first complete history of Dr Williams's Trust and Library, derived from the will of the nonconformist minister Daniel Williams (c.1643-1716), reveals rare examples of private philanthropy and dissenting enterprise.
Time of transformation: Research, resources, and access at SALT
Authors: Romi Sezin
Published: May 2022

This article evaluates the transformation of a library in a small contemporary art institution into a large-scale organization, providing the essential infrastructure for research in Istanbul, Turkey, from 2001 onwards. It explains how Platform Garanti Contemporary Art Center's (2001-2010) library and archive collection were established and became part of SALT Research with other cultural entities in 2011. Focusing on the motivations behind SALT's founding, the article discusses the formation of SALT Research, which comprises a library, archive and learning platform. It presents the changing positions of the institution regarding developing library tools, user needs, and the pandemic.
Searching for artistic research? A study between disciplines, interests, policies and systems
Authors: Lurk Tabea , Burger Franziska
Published: May 2022

This paper gathers interim results of a study on the accessibility of artistic research. Since no corresponding subject portal could be found, a specific data collection was started. Due to the study's background in Switzerland, the resultingDataBase for Applied, Fine and Performing Arts(AFPA-DB) focusses mostly on the German-speaking and European countries, while aiming to be expanded in the future. After summarizing the formal findings of the study, the authors explore the challenges that occurred during the research process. Their struggle in finding and/or accessing artistic research seems to be characteristic of the field and is therefore likely to affect similar projects in other academic art libraries.
Making a C-DIFFerence: Implementation of a prevention collaborative to reduce hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection rates
Authors: White Katelyn A. , Barnes Laura E.A. , Snyder Rachel L. , Fike Lucy V. , Kuhar David T. , Cochran Ronda L.
Published: May 2022

Objective:

To assist hospitals in reducing Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) implemented a collaborative using the CDC CDI prevention strategies and the Targeted Assessment for Prevention (TAP) Strategy as foundational frameworks.

Setting:

Acute-care hospitals.

Methods:

We invited 400 hospitals with the highest cumulative attributable differences (CADs) to the 12-month collaborative, with monthly webinars, coaching calls, and deployment of the CDC CDI TAP facility assessments. Infection prevention barriers, gaps identified, and interventions implemented were qualitatively coded by categorizing them to respective CDI prevention strategies. Standardized infection ratios (SIRs) were reviewed to measure outcomes.

Results:

Overall, 76 hospitals participated, most often reporting CDI testing as their greatest barrier to achieving reduction (61%). In total, 5,673 TAP assessments were collected across 46 (61%) hospitals. Most hospitals (98%) identified at least 1 gap related to testing and at least 1 gap related to infrastructure to support prevention. Among 14 follow-up hospitals, 64% implemented interventions related to infrastructure to support prevention (eg, establishing champions, reviewing individual CDIs) and 86% implemented testing interventions (eg, 2-step testing, testing algorithms). The SIR decrease between the pre-collaborative and post-collaborative periods was significant among participants (16.7%; P < .001) but less than that among nonparticipants (25.1%; P < .001).

Conclusions:

This article describes gaps identified and interventions implemented during a comprehensive CDI prevention collaborative in targeted hospitals, highlighting potential future areas of focus for CDI prevention efforts as well as reported challenges and barriers to prevention of one of the most common healthcare-associated infections affecting hospitals and patients nationwide.
Effects of Self-Management Training on Smartphone Dependence in Low to Moderate Adolescent Males’ Users
Authors: Motamedi Heravi Mostafa , Khosravan Shahla , Mohammadi Aeen , Mansoorian Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2022

While taking advantage of the educational benefits of smartphones, students also apply this device in inappropriate ways that cause certain disciplinary and educational problems. This study examines the effect of self-management training on smartphone dependence among male high school students. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, data were collected using the Cell Phone Addiction Scale (Koo, 2009), which was completed by the trial and control groups before and after the educational intervention. After assessing their normal distribution, the data were analysed using the Chi-square test, the independent and paired t-tests, Mann–Whitney's U-test, and the Wilcoxon test at a significance level of p < .05. Results: The results showed significant post-intervention reductions in the mean score of smartphone dependence (35.10) and its three domains, including withdrawal/tolerance (14.80), life dysfunction (8.70), and compulsion/persistence (11.60), in the trial group compared to the controls (44.80, 16.2, 12.10, and 16.50) and also in the mean score of certain applications of smartphones (p < .05). Discussion and conclusions: Despite the existing limitations, the results confirmed the efficacy of self-management training in reducing smartphone dependence in the students. The implementation of this programme is recommended for reducing dependence and promoting the proper use of this device.
Sex of first child: like migrant father, like son
Authors: Li Shan
Published: May 2022

As males in Mexico have the authority in households and dominate migration flows to the US, this paper argues that having a son as the first child provides an early additional candidate for the anchor position in Mexico and for migration trips to the US, making households better off. Fathers with longer migration experiences have higher expectations for future migration trips and stronger incentives to manipulate the sex of their first child. The empirical analysis confirms that by presenting positive effects of fathers’ previous migration experiences on the probability of having a son as a firstborn child, though abortions are widely illegal in Mexico.
Raising Awareness of Hearing and Communication Disorders Among Emergency Medical Services Students: Are Knowledge Translation Workshops Useful?
Authors: Al-Wathinani Ahmed M. , Al-Sudairi Nora F. , Alhallaf Mohammed A. , Albaqami Nawaf A. , Alghamdi Abdullah A. , Turunen-Taheri Satu , Khorram-Manesh Amir , Aljuaid Mohammad , Goniewicz Krzysztof
Published: May 2022

Objective:

In numerous countries, emergency medical services (EMS) students receive curriculum training in effective patient–provider communication, but most of this training assumes patients have intact communication capabilities, leading to a lack of preparedness to interact with patients, who have communication disorders. In such cases, first responders could end up delivering suboptimal care or possibly wrong procedures that could harm the disabled person.

Method:

A quasi-experimental design (pretest–posttest) was used to assess the knowledge of EMS students both before and after a translation workshop on how to deal with patients who have hearing and communication disorders during emergencies. Comparisons between pretest and posttest scores were examined using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The level of knowledge scores was compared before and after the workshop.

Results:

The results indicated that EMS students’ scores improved after the workshop. There was a 0.763 increase in the average score of knowledge level. The results of this study show that knowledge translation workshops are a useful intervention to enhance the level of knowledge among EMS students when interacting with hearing and communication patients.

Conclusions:

Our results show that such training workshops lead to better performance. Communication is a vital element in a medical encounter between health care providers and patients at all levels of health care but specifically in the prehospital arena. Insufficient or lack of communication with a vulnerable population, who may suffer from various disabilities, has a significant impact on the outcome of treatment or emergency management.
Evaluation of the Impact of Collaborative Research on Robust Design Methodologies: A Large Scale Empirical Case Study with an Automotive OEM
Authors: Campean F. , Uddin A. , Bridges J. , Fannon S. , Yildirim U.
Published: May 2022

The evaluation of impact of collaborative research on robust design methodologies and methods is important to both academic and industry stakeholders. This paper introduces a framework for impact evaluation which combines the broader framework adopted for the academic research impact assessment with the organisation viewpoint centred on business results, process improvement and product development teams capability improvement. A large scale empirical study conducted with evidence from technical reports on workplace projects from an automotive OEM proved the validity of the proposed framework.
Approach to Sustainability-Based Assessment of Solution Alternatives in Early Stages of Product Engineering
Authors: Gräßler I. , Hesse P.
Published: May 2022

Sustainable product engineering is becoming increasingly important. This includes the development of environmentally friendly products and the design for recycling. In this paper a holistic method for the assessment of solution alternatives is presented, in which the stakeholder perspectives along the generic product lifecycle are taken into account. Finally, a new visualization is presented. By visualizing the results in the integrated sustainability triangle, decision-makers in product development can holistically assess the sustainability of the solution alternatives.
Products that Age with Us: Carpet in the Turkish Household
Authors: Gurel R. , Merzali Celikoglu O.
Published: May 2022

This paper explores carpet, an intergenerational product, that lives and ages with its users. An ethnographic study was conducted through participant observation and in-depth interviews to understand why carpet matters in Turkish homes. Exploring material culture of carpet unfolds its meaning as a signifier of culture in second-order semiological systems. Study finds carpet has socializing traits, is the maker of home, needs maintenance and can be an artwork or object. Examining a product's importance and emotional durability can enable new understandings of product meaning and sustainability.
Designing Innovation – The Role of Engineering Design to Realise Sustainability Challenges
Authors: Isaksson O. , Eckert C. M.
Published: May 2022

Sustainability challenges drive innovation, yet few studies attend to the role of design to realise innovation. This paper report from a full day workshop and panel discussion with 100 delegates at the ICED 2021 conference. Industrialists, academics and societal representatives discussed how to deal with five conflicting themes. It is argued that innovation actors will need to take a joint action to the problem, industrial value chains need to co-innovate and that long term challenging targets are powerful metrics to drive transformation.
From Supply Chain Stakeholder to Service Customer: An Engineering Framework for Vehicle-Based Services
Authors: Pizzinini C. , Bercher J. , Lienkamp M.
Published: May 2022

Geographic distance between supply and demand reduces spatial accessibility. Vehicles have been contributing to improved spatial accessibility by offering transport services for people and goods. From traditional trucks to mobile health clinics, vehicles can offer a wide range of functionalities on wheels. To develop context-specific vehicles-based services, we propose a novel engineering framework based on a supply chain perspective. Requirements are derived from supply chain stakeholders and translated into vehicle-based services and vehicle components.
Slow Fashion Accompanies Digital Towards a Sustainable Future: From Quantity to Quality. Reflections on the New Paradigm of Sustainable Fashion
Authors: Pucci E. , Tufarelli M. , Giliberti L.
Published: May 2022

The negative social and environmental impacts of the fashion industry refer to a global industry, with its ubiquitous supply chains driven by big brands that determine what to produce, where to produce, and at what prices to sell. Do we want to continue to keep fashion as a beautiful artifact? If so, we need to consider how resources are deployed. Accelerating climate change is looming, portending an uncertain and damaging future. Can fashion be sustainable? Why is sustainability in fashion seen as an oxymoron? Can a return to slow fashion accompany digital towards a sustainable future?
Modeling Social Benefits in System Design Optimization of Integrated Natural Resources Conservation and Development (INRCD) Projects: Identification and Quantification of Design Attributes from Extant Literature
Authors: Rajski P. , Sicko A. J. , Papalambros P. Y.
Published: May 2022

Integrated Natural Resource Conservation and Development (INRCD) Projects promote community economic development consistent with natural resource conservation. Such projects are studied analytically as system design optimization problems comprising engineering, economic, and social considerations. Modeling social benefits as objectives or constraints requires proper quantification. From the extant literature, we decompose the social benefits concept into quantifiable INRCD attributes and point to further quantification efforts needed to capture the system design's impact on local communities.
Designing PSS Fleets – Consideration of the Product Architecture
Authors: Rennpferdt C. , Schneider J. A. , Lachmayer R. , Krause D.
Published: May 2022

By transforming from a manufacturer into a PSS provider, the business model of a company changes. In particular with service-oriented business models, the importance of tangible products alters. Instead of selling products, PSS providers need product fleets that enable the provision of services. If the manufacturer of the product and the provider of the PSS fleet are identical, the products can be designed specifically for the PSS. This paper introduces a framework that supports the design of modular PSS fleets so that the product architecture is optimised for the requirements of the fleet.
Parameters Proposed for Sustainability Assessment of Biocomposite Based Rigid Packaging
Authors: Srivastava V. , Singh S. , Das D.
Published: May 2022

The sustainability of rigid packaging can be increased by using biocomposites in packaging. Existing frameworks have some limitations such as are made to assess a few aspects, conventional packaging parameters are considered, etc. Biocomposite has a slightly different scenario at various life cycle stages, like the end-of-life cycle process. To assess the sustainability of biocomposite rigid packaging, we must consider parameters related to the biocomposite-based rigid packaging materials life cycle. These are categorised into different aspects of sustainability and life cycle phases.
Evolving the "How Might We?" Tool to Include Planetary Boundaries
Authors: Vignoli M. , Roversi S. , Jatwani C. , Tiriduzzi M. , Finocckì C.
Published: May 2022

This work aims to study the evolution of the “Human and planet balance tool” as part of Prosperity Thinking. Prosperity Thinking is a sustainable design methodology that takes into account human and planet means. Through a literature review on sustainable design, we noticed that there is a lack of methods that take into account the problem definition stage. We developed a “Human and planet balance tool” which helps framing sustainable design challenges. Results show that designers, innovators, and changemakers have an interest in a methodology to analyze and address systemic challenges.
Proposal of a Conceptual Framework for Collaborative Design of Immersive Professional Training: Application to the Textile Industry
Authors: Bisson I. , Mahdjoub M. , Zare M. , Bluntzer J.-B. , Sagot J.-C. , Goutaudier F. , Ravier F.
Published: May 2022

Immersive technologies have an increasing use in professional training. However, the usability of applications has limits due to a lack of consideration of end users in the design of these new supports. This paper reviews the literature and discovers that few approaches offer to include different collaborators' work, or the end user, in the design process. This study proposes a conceptual framework design for immersive professional training (IPT) and its application in the textile industry.
To What Extent Is Circular Product Design Supporting Carbon Reduction Strategies? An Analysis of Nordic Manufacturing Firms within the Science-Based Targets Initiative
Authors: Zomer T. , McAloone T. C. , Pigosso D. C. A.
Published: May 2022

Corporate climate action is critical in supporting the transition towards a low-carbon economy. This paper explores what design practices have been adopted by manufacturing companies that have committed to science-based emission reduction targets and are making progress towards those targets. We contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of circular economy (CE) actions related to product design supporting firms in reaching their emission reduction targets, contributing to the calls for more research showing evidence between CE adoption and emissions reduction.
One Size Doesn't Fit All: On the Adaptable Universal Design of Assistive Technologies
Authors: Aflatoony L. , Kolarić S.
Published: May 2022

Occupational therapists modify mass-produced and universally-designed assistive technologies (ATs) to fulfill the specific needs of people with disabilities. We interviewed ten occupational therapists with experience in modifying ATs in order to understand adaptation processes. Our findings reveal the reasoning behind adaptation, common ATs that require adaptation, as well as the collaborative nature of adaptation. We propose a new framework called Adaptable Universal Design (AUD) that blends Universal Design with the need to adapt ATs in order to fulfill unique and specific user needs.
Computational Design of an Additively Manufactured Origami-Based Hand Orthosis
Authors: Barros M. O. , Walker A. , Stanković T.
Published: May 2022

This work investigates the application of origami as the underlying principle to realize a novel 3D printed hand orthosis design. Due to the special property of some origami to become rigid when forming a closed surface, the orthosis can be printed flat to alleviate the most of the post-processing, and at the same time provide rigid support for the immobilized limb in the folded state. The contributions are the origami-based hand orthosis design and corresponding computational design method, as well as lessons learned regarding the application of origami for the hand orthosis design.
Lost in Transit: Implications and Insights for Making Medical Task Trainer Prototypes with an Open Source Hardware Paradigm
Authors: Ege D. N. , Auflem M. , Steinert M.
Published: May 2022

This paper presents an open-source novel intravenous cannulation task trainer developed during the Covid- 19 pandemic for unsupervised clinical skill practice. Multiple user errors were uncovered when observing 13 registered nurses using the task trainer during a two-hour unsupervised skill training session. These insights raise the question of how OSH needs to share more than just device descriptions and assembly instructions- as designs are being shared only in its current state of an ongoing project, sharing insights, user errors and test results should be encouraged and prioritized.
The Role of Systems Approaches in Health and Care
Authors: Komashie A. , Clarkson P. J.
Published: May 2022

The concept of Health Systems is ubiquitous in the healthcare literature. However, the question ‘what is a Health System’ is not easy to answer. The emerging field of Health Systems Design is by nature multi-disciplinary, involving several disciplines with different ontological commitments and diverse perspectives and interpretations of health and system. To avoid confusions in communication and facilitate engagement between the design and health communities, it is important to begin an open exploration of the fundamental concepts of Health Systems. This paper is a first step in that endeavour
Cardinal Maturity Determination of Technology Development: Medical Device Development Case Study
Authors: Mishra S. R. , Behdinan K.
Published: May 2022

A novel application of Best Worst Method (BWM) enables one to incorporate the complexity of specific sub-criteria of technological development to assess its maturity with the pre-established Technology Readiness Level (TRL) framework. It utilizes the concept of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods to determine the cardinality of endpoint quantitative processes. The model is used to determine the maturity of Class II Ventilators and to detect the consistency aspects for their selection.
Deformation Taxonomy of Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures
Authors: Air A. , Wodehouse A.
Published: May 2022

Additive manufacturing offers opportunities for designed mechanical deformation within parts by integrating lattice structures into their designs. This work re-analyses and translates data on lattice structure deformation behaviours into a novel taxonomy, enabling their actions to be understood and controlled. Parallels between these actions and the four basic types of mechanical motion are identified. Creating a taxonomy method using these motions enables the future development of a DfAM framework that assimilates controlled anisotropy via lattices and aids the design of compliant mechanisms.
A Framework to Collect and Reuse Engineering Knowledge in the Context of Design for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Formentini G. , Favi C. , Mandolini M. , Germani M.
Published: May 2022

Design for AM (DfAM) requires the definition of Design Actions (DAs) to optimize AM manufacturing processes. However, AM understanding is still very blurred. Often designers are challenged by selecting the right design parameters. A method to list and collect DfAM DAs is currently missing. The paper aims at providing a framework to collect DfAM DAs according to a developed ontology to create databases (DBs). DBs were tested with two real case studies and geometric features to improve identified. Future developments aim at widening the database to provide all-around support for AM processes.
Compounding Composites from Raw Materials with Extrusion Directly on 3D Printer
Authors: Rundbäck Martinsson O. , Nordin A. , Tavčar J.
Published: May 2022

The materials most commonly used in 3D-printers are in a filament form. This is a barrier for users who want to have new types of filaments with different material compositions. A 3D-printer which can extrude and print directly from the raw material was assembled. Compounding with the common additive types; fibres, and metal powders was performed. The size and volumetric output of an extruder was scaling down. Verification was done by mechanical testing, and electron microscopy. The positive result is opening the path to a more accessible composites for both researchers and home producers.
Rethinking System Boundaries for Better Utilisation of Additive Manufacturing Potentials – A Case Study
Authors: Schmitt P. F. , Schnödewind L. , Gericke K.
Published: May 2022

The potentials of additive manufacturing for objectives such as lightweight construction are not yet fully exploited. In this paper, the possibilities of integrative function and system modelling for this challenge will be discussed. In a design study, a triathlon trailer is designed considering the constraints of AM. A suitable system boundary is to be detected using the one-part device method. The findings of the study will help to understand in which form methods such as functional modelling can be applied or adapted for the application of additive manufacturing.
Influences and Effects on Scaling the Pressure Stiffness of Additively Manufactured Meso Structures
Authors: Schulte F. , Sauerzapf L. , Kirchner E.
Published: May 2022

AM-meso structures offer a high potential for adapted properties combined with lightweight design. To utilize the potential a purposeful design of the meso structures is required. Therefore, this contribution presents an approach for modelling their properties depending on design parameters by scaling relationships. The relationships are investigated based on grey box and axiomatic models of elementary cells. Exemplary the pressure stiffness is determined using FEM in comparison to an analytical approximation. The comparison reveals effects and influences occurring within the elementary cell.
A New Projection Based Method for the Classification of Mechanical Components Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Bickel S. , Schleich B. , Wartzack S.
Published: May 2022

Digital engineering is increasingly established in the industrial routine. Especially the application of machine learning on geometry data is a growing research issue. Driven by this, the paper presents a new method for the classification of mechanical components, which utilizes the projection of points onto a spherical detector surfaces to transfer the geometries into matrices. These matrices are then classified using deep learning networks. Different types of projection are examined, as are several deep learning models. Finally, a benchmark dataset is used to demonstrate the competitiveness.
On Diverse System-Level Design Using Manifold Learning and Partial Simulated Annealing
Authors: Cobb A. , Roy A. , Elenius D. , Koneripalli K. , Jha S.
Published: May 2022

The goal in system-level design is to generate a diverse set of high-performing design configurations that allow trade-offs across different objectives and avoid early concretization. We use deep generative models to learn a manifold of the valid design space, followed by Monte Carlo sampling to explore and optimize design over the learned manifold, producing a diverse set of optimal designs. We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach on the design of an SAE race vehicle and propeller.
A Method for the Support of the Design for Digital Twin Solution and Its Application on a Gearbox System
Authors: Koch Y. , Husung S. , Röhnert F. , Mahboob A. , Frank M. G. , Kirchner E.
Published: May 2022

The information from Real Twins are increasingly used to construct Digital Twins. Acquisition of information from the Real Twin or in other words performing measurements on the Real Twin may lead to effects in the working of Real Twin. For instance, the introduction of sensors may impair certain functions of a Real Twin. Therefore, it is important to analyse the effect of any change that is performed on the Real Twin for achieving the Digital Twin. In this paper, a method for Digital Twin solution is presented that address these aspects as well as its use is demonstrated by a case example.
Digital Twins and Product-Service Systems: A Synergy with Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Laukotka F. N. , Rennpferdt C. , Krause D.
Published: May 2022

Digital Twins and Product-Service Systems are just two of the recent trends in product development. While many presented approaches seem promising, their implementation often face challenges. This is especially true if existing approaches are transferred onto new applications. Diving into these topics this paper presents the basics but also challenges as well as synergies emerging between them. The objective is set, to move from specialised applications to broader approaches that can provide benefit to a range of applications and ease the entrance, particularly, for smaller enterprises.
Supporting the Transition Towards Electromobility in the Construction and Mining Sector: Optimization Framework and Demonstration on an Electrical Hauler
Authors: Machchhar R. J. , Bertoni A.
Published: May 2022

The paper presents a framework for the integration of the system's design variables, state variables, control strategies, and contextual variables into a design optimization problem to assist early-stage design decisions. The framework is based on a global optimizer incorporating Dynamic Programming, and its applicability is demonstrated by the conceptual design of an electrical hauler. Pareto front of optimal design solutions, in terms of time and cost, together with optimal velocity profiles and battery state-of-charge is visualized for the given mining scenario.
Student vs Machine: Comparing Artificial Neural Network Predictions with Student Estimates of Market Price Using Function Structure Models
Authors: Patel A. R. , Summers J. D.
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates the use of ANNs to model human behaviour in design by comparing the predictive capability of ANNs and engineering students. Function structure models of 15 products are used as input for prediction. The type of information provided varied between topology and vocabulary. Analysis of prediction accuracy showed that ANNs perform comparably to students. However, students are more precise with their predictions. Finally, limitations and future work are discussed, with research questions presented for subsequent research.
A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Predicting Human Design Actions Using a Data-Driven Reward Formulation
Authors: Rahman M. H. , Bayrak A. E. , Sha Z.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we develop a design agent based on reinforcement learning to mimic human design behaviours. A data-driven reward mechanism based on the Markov chain model is introduced so that it can reinforce prominent and beneficial design patterns. The method is implemented on a set of data collected from a solar system design problem. The result indicates that the agent provides higher prediction accuracy than the baseline Markov chain model. Several design strategies are also identified that differentiate high-performing designers from low-performing designers.
Assessing Machine Learnability of Image and Graph Representations for Drone Performance Prediction
Authors: Song B. , McComb C. , Ahmed F.
Published: May 2022

Deep learning (DL) from various representations have succeeded in many fields. However, we know little about the machine learnability of distinct design representations when using DL to predict design performance. This paper proposes a graph representation for designs and compares it to the common image representation. We employ graph neural networks (GNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) respectively to learn them to predict drone performance. GCNs outperform CNNs by 2.6-8.1% in predictive validity. We argue that graph learning is a powerful and generalizable method for such tasks.
Success Factors for the Validation of Requirements for New Product Generations – A Case Study on Using Field Gathered Data
Authors: Wagenmann S. , Bursac N. , Rapp S. , Albers A.
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates which activities and success factors can be identified for the data-driven validation of functional requirements. For this purpose, a case study is conducted at a machine tool manufacturer. To validate functional requirements by analyzing data of reference products, these activities must be performed iteratively: basic work, interdisciplinary work, programming and check results. For the successful execution of data-driven validation, the success factors: data origin, acceptance, data quality, knowledge about data and combination of domain knowledge must be considered.
SysML 4 Digital Twins – Utilization of System Models for the Design and Operation of Digital Twins
Authors: Wilking F. , Sauer C. , Schleich B. , Wartzack S.
Published: May 2022

The implementation of Digital Twins has become a common task for many industrial companies to ensure a sufficient digitization of their products and maintain competitiveness. This results in the question of how to compensate additional effort caused by designing Digital Twins. With this paper, an approach for this compensation is presented by creating Digital Twin behaviour through utilizing SysML diagrams and directly derivate usable code from them for a further implementation. This offers a part solution of lowering the threshold for using MBSE and increasing its benefits.
Systems Design Using Solution-Compensation Spaces with Built-In Tolerance Applied to Powertrain Integration
Authors: Stumpf J. , Cóndor López J. G. , Naumann T. , Zimmermann M.
Published: May 2022

Complexity in systems design can be reduced by computing permissible ranges for some crucial design variables that need to be defined in an early design phase. These ranges are calculated such that there is sufficient tolerance for the remaining design variables in later design phases, while still achieving the overall system design goals. A new algorithm for this approach is presented and applied to the design of a vehicle powertrain mount system. The results show large permissible ranges for mount positions while maintaining sufficient tolerance for mount stiffnesses.
Biomaterials in Everyday Design: Understanding Perceptions of Designers and Non-Designers
Authors: Sayuti N. A. A. , Sommer B. , Ahmed-Kristensen S.
Published: May 2022

The application of biological materials in everyday design is gaining traction and designers are encouraged to employ biological systems through biodesign and biophilia. However, there is a deficiency in the understanding of potential consumers’ perceptions. This paper compares the perception of non-designers as well as designers towards design-embedded bio-materials. Data was collected from 234 respondents using an online survey. The findings were gathered by evaluating perception in terms of desirability, practicality, aesthetically, and familiarity with living and non-living biomaterials.
Design Methods Review For Smart Product: Objectomy, a New Approach
Authors: Bangle C. E. , Rosso M. , Montagna F. , Cantamessa M.
Published: May 2022

Digital artefacts call for new design challenges: they enable services, technology-driven and multidisciplinary never ended processes, uncouple form-function, in a social relationship that must be ecosystem-framed. Then, the usual design mindset is not proper and expected vs unexpected outcomes must be equally studied. A framework of methods, in view of the usual design variables and the new ones called by design of smart objects, is here offered. From that the seeds for the future aid to the design process of smart objects result. Then, Objectomy and one real application case are described.
The Contribution of Design Discipline in Business Decisions through Design-Oriented Production Diversification: A Case Study in Italian Furniture Sector
Authors: Bruno E. V. , Lerma B.
Published: May 2022

Firm diversification is a growth strategy that allows firms to launch new products in untapped markets to increase revenue. It is the identified approach where industrial designers can contribute to exploring new tactical assets. The paper analyses the design-oriented diversification of a furniture company in Italy, where Design played a crucial role in positioning new demands. The tool applied to display the current and the feasible product portfolio is the Product Space. The company has leveraged its know-how on bent glass to produce iconic objects, winning prestigious design awards.
Expanded Phase Model for Transformable Design in Defining Its Usage Scenarios for Merits and Demerits
Authors: Lee H. , Tufail M. , Kim K.
Published: May 2022

The product's transformation is considered for its fascination but it is not studied for its usage scenario. This study proposes an expanded phase model that can evaluate the usefulness of transformable products from the perspective of form, function and user scenario of a transformable product. We analyzed purpose of transformation, and identified user benefits from existing transformable products. This model allows designers/team to evaluate usefulness of transformable products by comparing user benefits of the product with appropriateness of form and function in a given usage scenario.
Design by Prototyping: Increasing Agility in Mechatronic Product Design through Prototyping Sprints
Authors: Hansen C. A. , Arlitt R. , Eifler T. , Deininger M.
Published: May 2022

This paper adapts the agile scrum sprint, typically used in software development, to a prototyping sprint for mechatronic product design. The Design by Prototyping framework describes how the prototyping sprint can be used to manage the prototyping process in design projects through an agile-stage-gate hybrid model. A comparison of 18 student projects using either prototyping sprints or a traditional iterative prototyping approach shows that prototyping sprints helped students make more deliberate, strategic decisions about their use of prototypes.
Understanding the Role of Perceptual Haptic Conditions on Design Decision
Authors: Rakhin K. V. , Onkar P. S. , Hayavadana J.
Published: May 2022

The haptic propositions derived from the textile prototypes often allow for more than one interpretation. It impacts the decision on design alternatives during the phase of design evaluation and validation. The present study aims to conquer this challenge with a haptic design case study of automotive upholstery fabric. It links experimental psychophysics with design decision-making. The study results show that visual cues influence haptic detection accuracy and constancy to choose a final design option.
Old and Appreciated: Exploring the Influence of Material Ageing on the Aesthetic Appreciation of Everyday Products
Authors: Ranscombe C. , Blijlevens J. , Thurgood C.
Published: May 2022

There is a growing interest in design research to explore sustainable consumption via products that are cherished as they age. This paper presents an empirical study exploring the influence of patina (signs of surface aging) on consumers’ willingness to discard products and aesthetic appreciation. Results show participants are predisposed to discard everyday products regardless aesthetic qualities (patina). This implies designers should look beyond the presence of pure aesthetic qualities of aging and emphasise symbolic qualities of aging to stimulate appreciation as products age.
How Do Semantic Clues Affect People's Perceptions of Products with Multiple Meanings
Authors: Zhong Y. , Takawaki R. , Harada E. T.
Published: May 2022

A psychological experiment was conducted to explore the relationship between design features of physical controllers and perceived multiple meanings or possible operations by users. In particular, we focused on affordances and informatives, two semantic clues derived from product semantics, to find out how these clues affect users’ perceptions. The results indicated that both desired shapes, text, and icon could encourage and discourage the perception of specific operations. Those empirical data could be useful for product designers in communicating effectively with users through their products.
Educational Probe for Developing Online Education: A Case of Online Problem-Based Learning in Design Education in India
Authors: Hayama Y. , Desai H.
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges and opportunities for higher education and one of the important areas was online education. Especially in design field, Online Problem-Based Learning has emerged as a promising method. This paper explores the potential of online-PBL and how it can be developed through a prototype approach. An action research in Indian HEI shows insights regarding the potentiality of online-PBL and application of a prototype approach to educational development activities. A concept of “educational probes” was proposed as a method to design educational program.
Creating a Multidisciplinary Collaboration Service-Learning Experience in Design Education
Authors: Joseph-Mathews S. , Lee M. A. , Kreidler N.
Published: May 2022

The design process in most organizations is often collaborative and interdisciplinary in nature. Yet most institutions of higher learning do not offer students the opportunity to work in multidisciplinary teams. This study follows an experiential service-learning project over 3 years to explore the role of multidisciplinary project teams on design education outcomes. Findings suggest that the quality of designs improved over time and students consider experiential learning in multidisciplinary teams to be a valuable component in their education, increasing their job readiness upon graduation.
Assessing Rigid and Non-Rigid Spatial Thinking
Authors: Maheshwary K. , Eisenbart B. , Zorn S. , Nelius T. , Gericke K. , Matthiesen S. , Blessing L.
Published: May 2022

Spatial Thinking (ST) is an important part of reasoning. In contrast to Rigid ST (R-ST), Non-Rigid ST (NR-ST) has hardly been researched and tests do not exist, even though NR-ST is crucial for professions that deal with space and time such as engineering and design. Our study at 4 different universities confirms that R-ST does not predict performance in NR-ST; that performance in Non-Rigid ST is significantly lower than in R-ST; and that performance of students in later semesters is not better than in the first semesters. These results highlight the need for further research into NR-ST.
Testing in Engineering Design: What Are We Teaching
Authors: Patel A. R. , Murphy A. , Summers J. D. , Tahera K.
Published: May 2022

Although testing is critical in industries, the general approaches of testing in engineering design are under-represented in academia. This research investigates the current state of testing based on design textbooks. The findings suggest there is no clear definition of testing. Testing appears in different design stages with adjacent concepts such as prototyping, experimentation, verification, and validation. The processes of testing and its role within engineering design are ambiguous. Recommendations to design educators are provided, and the limitations of the study are discussed.