bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migration, Entry Fees, and Stakeholdership
Authors: Lim Désirée
Published: November 2018

The current European ‘migration crisis’ encompasses increasing rates of migration and the accompanying failure of migrants, including both economic migrants and refugees, to integrate. In this paper, I focus on a normative analysis of the entry fee immigration system, providing both an internal and external critique. In the internal critique, I take for granted that states are best understood as clubs. However, states seem to share greater similarities with clubs that are too exclusive to allow membership to be purchased. In the external critique, I argue that imposing a substantial entry fee on club membership is impermissible if exclusion from membership deprives non-members of basic rights and interests, even if measures are taken to equalise their ability to pay. The upshot of the internal and external critique, I believe, is that membership ought not to be contingent on the payment of a fee, or more generally, the acceptance of current members.
A Utilitarian Approach for the Governance of Humanitarian Migration
Authors: Brücker Herbert
Published: November 2018

Humanitarian migration creates, on the one hand, huge benefits for those who are protected from war, persecution and other forms of violence, but, on the other hand, involves also net monetary and social costs for the population in host countries providing protection at the same time. This is the core of the ethical and political problem associated with the governance of humanitarian migration. Against this background, this paper discusses whether the provision of protection can be founded on rational ethical principles. By drawing on a utilitarian approach a simple criterion is derived: Humanitarian migration is welfare improving, as long as the benefits of the marginal humanitarian migrant exceed the marginal costs of providing shelter per refugee. Based on this principle, practical solutions for the admission of humanitarian migrants and the international and European coordination of asylum policies are discussed.
Universal Rights Localized or Local Rights Universalized?
Authors: Kliemt Hartmut
Published: November 2018

A universalist conception of immigration, assuming that all humans have a fundamental ethical right to equal consideration (Brücker), is contrasted with a particularist ethical conception that restricts equal consideration to members of a given community (Osterloh/Frey). It is argued that within the limits of Robbinsian economics only a communitarian conception is acceptable while an ethical theorist might lean towards a universalist view.
The Birth of the CrowdLaw Movement: Tech-Based Citizen Participation, Legitimacy and the Quality of Lawmaking
Authors: Alsina Victòria , Martí José Luis
Published: November 2018

One of the most urgent debates of our time is about the exact role that new technologies can and should play in our societies and particularly in our public decision-making processes. This paper is a first attempt to introduce the idea of CrowdLaw, defined as online public participation leveraging new technologies to tap into diverse sources of information, judgments and expertise at each stage of the law and policymaking cycle to improve the quality as well as the legitimacy of the resulting laws and policies. First, we explain why CrowdLaw differs from many previous forms of political participation. Second,we reproduce and explain the CrowdLaw Manifesto that the rising CrowdLaw community has elaborated to foster such approaches around the world. Lastly, we introduce some preliminary considerations on the notions of justice, legitimacy and quality of lawmaking and public decision-making, which are central to the idea of CrowdLaw.
Why We Should Talk about German ‘Orientierungskultur’ rather than ‘Leitkultur’
Authors: Risse Mathias
Published: November 2018

The notion of Leitkultur has been used in German immigration debates to capture the idea that our living arrangements ought to be shaped by shared cultural identity. Leitkultur contrasts with a multiculturalism that sees multiple cultures side-by-side on equal terms. We should replace Leitkultur with Orientierungskultur, a notionwhose introduction is overdue. German philosophy, especially Kant, has bestowed an intellectual meaning upon an originally geographical notion that is already ubiquitous, making ‘Orientierungskultur’ a natural construct. That notion allows us to say there is an inevitably amorphous but recognizable German culture whose prominence in public life provides a grounding for many and prevents them from feeling alienated from the society they helped build; at the same time, for some domains of public life not participating in default behavior is not merely tolerated but acknowledged as a genuine alternative. Crucially, one way of orienting oneself is to turn away.
Personalized medicine into health national services: barriers and potentialities
Authors: Rodríguez Vicente Ana E. , Herrero Cervera Maria José , Bernal María Luisa , Rojas Luis , Peiró Ana M.
Published: November 2018

Research and innovation in personalized medicine (PM) are extensive and expanding, with several pharmacogenetic/pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing options currently available for a wide range of health problems. However, PGx-guided therapy faces many barriers to full integration into clinical practice and acceptance by practitioner/patient: utilization and uptake by payers in real-world practice are being discussed, and the criteria to guide clinicians and policy makers in PGx test selection are not fully incorporated. This review focuses on the advances of pharmacogenomics to individualize treatments, the relationship between pharmacogenetics and pharmacometabolomics, the new paradigm of the Big Data, the needs and barriers facing PGx clinical application and the situation of PGx testing in health national services. It is based on lectures presented by speakers of the European Society of Pharmacogenomics and Personalised Therapy (ESPT) Fourth Conference, held in Catania, October 4th, 2017.
Sobolev’s inequality for double phase functionals with variable exponents
Authors: Maeda Fumi-Yuki , Mizuta Yoshihiro , Ohno Takao , Shimomura Tetsu
Published: November 2018

Our aim in this paper is to establish generalizations of Sobolev’s inequality
for double phase functionals

Φ
⁢

(
x
,
t
)

=

t

p
⁢

(
x
)

+

a
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

t

q
⁢

(
x
)

{\Phi(x,t)=t^{p(x)}+a(x)t^{q(x)}}

,
where

p
⁢

(
⋅
)

{p(\,{\cdot}\,)}

and

q
⁢

(
⋅
)

{q(\,{\cdot}\,)}

satisfy log-Hölder conditions and

a
⁢

(
⋅
)

{a(\,{\cdot}\,)}

is nonnegative,
bounded and Hölder continuous of order

θ
∈

(
0
,
1
]

{\theta\in(0,1]}

.
Soft Organizations, Hard Powers: The FATF and the FSB as Standard-Setting Bodies
Authors: De Vido Sara
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this contribution is to analyze two major standard setting bodies, namely the Financial Action Task Force on money laundering and the Financial Stability Board from an international law perspective. It will be demonstrated that they are “soft organizations”, which, despite their loose structure, can exercise “hard powers” in inducing States to comply with their standards.
Relationship between anatomy and shear strength in wood of Larix sibirica
Authors: Luostarinen Katri , Heräjärvi Henrik
Published: November 2018

In Siberian larch, shear strength (SS) is lower in sapwood (sW) than in mature heartwood (hW) despite the similarity of their cell structures. In sW, SS was not correlated with other properties, not even with density. The aim of the present study was to find the parameters affecting the SS in sW. The diameters of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) tracheid lumens [radial diameter (RD)], as well as their double wall thicknesses (2CWTs), were measured from different wood types. The 2CWT beside the resin canals was measured and rays were counted. The wall:lumen ratio of tracheids was calculated. None of the measured and calculated characteristics significantly correlated with SS in hW, while a high 2CWT and wall:lumen ratio of EW increased the SS and a large RD decreased the SS in sW. Tracheids of sW were larger and their walls were thicker than those of mature hW. The EW of sW sheared through tracheids, but practically never through rays, while in the EW of mature hW, both rays and tracheids could be sheared. It is suggested that change in viscoelastic properties, occurring in cell walls during the transformation from sW to hW, improves wood shear properties.
MiR-23a-3p-regulated abnormal acetylation of FOXP3 induces regulatory T cell function defect in Graves’ disease
Authors: Zhang Danhua , Qiu Xinguang , Li Jianhua , Zheng Shouhua , Li Liwen , Zhao Hongchao
Published: November 2018

This study aims to investigate the mechanism of miR-23a-3p in regulating Treg dysfunction in Graves’ disease (GD). The percentage of Treg cells and interleukin (IL)-17+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) and miR-23a-3p was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western blot. CD4+ T cells were treated with SIRT1 specific inhibitor EX-527 or left untreated. MiR-23a-3p mimic or inhibitor were transfected into CD4+ T cells. Acetylation expression of FOXP3 was analyzed by immunoprecipitation. The suppressive function of Treg was analyzed by the carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) assay. The results showed that GD patients have significantly less Treg cells and more IL-17+ T cells. FOXP3 and miR-23a-3p were significantly down-regulated meanwhile SIRT1 and RORγt were up-regulated in GD patients. FOXP3 acetylation level of the GD group was lower than that of control groups. After EX-527 treatment, the percentage of Treg cells, expression and acetylation level of FOXP3 were significantly increased in the GD group. GD Tregs exhibited weaker suppressive activity, miR-23a-3p mimic suppressed SIRT1 expression and suppressive-activity of Tregs whereas it promoted the expression and acetylation level of FOXP3 in the GD group. Our findings suggest that the Treg function defect in GD patients is mediated by the abnormal acetylation of FOXP3, which is regulated by miR-23a-3p via targeting SIRT1.
Signal Synthesis Model Reference Adaptive Controller with Artificial Intelligent Technique for a Control of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Goud Harsh , Swarnkar Pankaj
Published: November 2018

Modelling and controlling of Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is one of the major problems in the process industry. The nonlinear characteristic of CSTR may change the variation of temperature in either direction from the given set value. Chemical reactions within the CSTR depends on the given reference temperature. Such variation from reference values may result in degrading the variety of biomass. Design and implementation of the precise control device in such system are difficult for researchers. This paper proposes the MIT based control scheme as a solution to control problem of CSTR. An improvement of signal synthesis MIT system has been proposed in this study to enhance the steady-state and transient performance of CSTR. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) based controller parameter tuning technique is applied to get the optimal performance of the controller. This paper shows the design and implementation of conventional PID tuned with the Z-N method, adaptive PID tune with ABC, MIT and ABC-MIT for CSTR. Detailed comparison based on simulation studies is presented which shows that ABC-MIT based control scheme improves the transient and steady state response.
Influence of Wye-and Delta-Connected Winding on the Performance of Line Start Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Qiu Hongbo , Hu Kaiqiang , Yang Cunxiang
Published: November 2018

In order to obtain the influence of wye (Y)-and delta (
\Delta)-connected winding on line start permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM), taking a 15 kW LSPMSM as an example, the two dimensional (2-D) finite element method (FEM) and analytical method are used to calculate the motor performance. The influence of 3rd harmonic current in
\Delta-connected winding on the motor electromagnetic field is analyzed. The difference of the losses and capacity of starting and overload between the Y- and
\Delta-connected winding are studied. Finally, combined with the related experiments, the correctness of the calculation model is verified and the reliability of the research results are proved.
Medicinal plants’ use among patients with dyslipidemia: an Iranian cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hashempur Mohammad Hashem , Mosavat Seyed Hamdollah , Heydari Mojtaba , Shams Mesbah
Published: November 2018

Background

Despite growing demand for medicinal plants, there is little data about their use by patients with dyslipidemia. We aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and associated factors for the use of medicinal plants among patients with dyslipidemia.

Methods

A 17-item semi-structured questionnaire was filled out by 195 patients with dyslipidemia in a cross-sectional study carried out in two academic endocrinology clinics in Shiraz, Iran. The questionnaire comprised of three main domains of demographic data (6 questions), clinical data (2 of them), and data related to the use of medicinal plants (totally 9 questions).

Results

A total of 77.4% of patients took medicinal plants. The most common medicinal herbs used by dyslipidemic patients wereZataria multiflora, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, andZingiber officinale. Duration of dyslipidemia was significantly longer in herbal users than non-herbal users (p=0.04). Patients believing that concomitant use of conventional drugs and herbal preparations had synergic positive effects in addition to those persuaded that herbal preparations possessed less side effects, were significantly more likely to use medicinal plants (p=0.008 and 0.005, respectively). Additionally, most of the medicinal herb users (87.4%) changed neither the pattern nor the dosage of their medications all during herbal preparations use.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated a high prevalence of medicinal plants’ use among patients with dyslipidemia, which was associated with the duration of dyslipidemia, patients’ viewpoints about herbal preparations’ synergic positive effects, and their fewer side effects.
The covering radii of the 2-transitive unitary, Suzuki, and Ree groups
Authors: Bamberg John , Praeger Cheryl E. , Xia Binzhou
Published: November 2018

We study the covering radii of 2-transitive permutation groups of Lie rank one, giving bounds and links to finite geometry.
Hyperbolic and cubical rigidities of Thompson’s groupV
Authors: Genevois Anthony
Published: November 2018

In this article, we state and prove a general criterion allowing us to show that some groups are hyperbolically elementary, meaning that every isometric action of one of these groups on a Gromov-hyperbolic space either fixes a point at infinity, or stabilises a pair of points at infinity, or has bounded orbits. Also, we show how such a hyperbolic rigidity leads to fixed-point properties on finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complexes. As an application, we prove that Thompson’s groupVis hyperbolically elementary, and we deduce that it satisfies Property(FW∞){({\rm FW}_{\infty})}, i.e., every isometric action ofVon a finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complex fixes a point. It provides the first example of a (finitely presented) group acting properly on an infinite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complex such that all its actions on finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complexes have global fixed points.
A remark on Whitehead’s cut-vertex lemma
Authors: Heusener Michael , Weidmann Richard
Published: November 2018

We observe that Whitehead’s cut-vertex lemma is an immediate consequence of Stallings folds.
Rare earth-rhodium-plumbides RE
2Rh2Pb with RE = La–Nd, Sm, Gd and Tb
Authors: Heletta Lukas , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: November 2018

The plumbides RE
2Rh2Pb (RE = La–Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb) were synthesized in sealed niobium ampoules by induction melting of the pure elements or directly via arc-melting. The characterization of the samples by X-ray powder diffraction confirmed their Mo2B2Fe-type structure (space group P4/mbm) at room temperature. The Sm2Rh1.924Pb structure was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: a=760.02(5), c=378.20(3) pm, wR=0.0387, 292 F
2 values, 13 variables. The rhodium site shows small defects. The RE
2Rh2Pb plumbides are simple 1:1 intergrowth structures of AlB2 and CsCl related slabs of compositions RERh2 and REPb. The Rh2 dumbbell in the SmRh2 slab of Sm2Rh2Pb shows a Rh–Rh distance of 281 pm. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements of La2Rh2Pb, Pr2Rh2Pb and Nd2Rh2Pb showed that the rhodium atoms carry no localized magnetic moments. La2Rh2Pb exhibits Pauli-paramagnetic behavior induced by the conduction electrons. The ground state of the praseodymium compound is ferromagnetic below T
C=3.3 K while the neodymium compound shows a transition to an antiferromagnetic state at T
N=6.1 K and a metamagnetic transition at a critical field of ca. 1000 Oe.
On the Interaction between Superabsorbent Hydrogels and Blended Mixtures with Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Authors: Farzanian K. , Ghahremaninezhad A.
Published: November 2018

This article studies the interactions between hydrogels with two distinct chemical compositions and hydrating blended mixtures containing supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), including Class F fly ash, slag, and silica fume. The effect of SCMs on the absorption behavior and chemical characteristics of hydrogels was investigated. The desorption of hydrogels in hydrating blended pastes was examined at various times using scanning electron microscopy. A reduction in the absorption of hydrogels was observed in the blended slurry with fly ash compared to other slurries. Hydrogels showed faster desorption in the paste with silica fume and delayed desorption in the paste with fly ash. This was attributed to faster densification of the microstructure and development of the capillary suction in the paste with silica fume and delayed densification in the paste with fly ash at early ages.
Simple Indexes to Identify Fatigue Performance of Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Chen Xuan , Solaimanian Mansour
Published: November 2018

Using indexes based on engineering properties is among the ways to evaluate the quality of an asphalt concrete mix in terms of its resistance to fatigue cracking. These indexes typically are developed based on measuring asphalt concrete or asphalt binder properties in a laboratory test. Among such tests, the semicircular bend (SCB) test has shown potential as a promising test to determine fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures. In the work presented, this test was explored extensively to determine proper fatigue performance identifiers from the test. Numerous tests were conducted to determine the effect of asphalt mix composition on the SCB fatigue test results. A major index considered from this test for evaluation is the flexibility index (FI), which is defined as the ratio of fracture energy and the post peak slope at inflection point derived from a typical load-deformation or stress–strain monotonic test. This index has been proposed based on extensive research at the University of Illinois. In the work presented in this study, tests were conducted on both short- and long-term aged asphalt mixes to evaluate FI and its reliability as a fatigue resistance indicator. The mix components considered as test variables included binder content, air void, and binder stiffness. The results showed a significant reduction in FI fatigue resistance after long term aging. Reduced FI is believed to associate with reduced fatigue life. The sensitivity of FI and other engineering properties to mix parameters were investigated in this research. It was found that FI could not be used alone and as a sole indicator of fatigue performance. It was determined that two indexes are needed for this purpose—the first presents the mix toughness and ductility, and the second is a strength- or stiffness-based index.
DETERMINATION OF FLAVONOIDS IN CITRUS FIBER AND THE IMPACT OF PROCESSING METHOD ON TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT, TOTAL CAROTENOID CONTENT AND OXYGEN RADICAL ABSORBANCE CAPACITY
Authors: GEDİKOĞLU Ayça , CLARKE Andrew Douglas , GRUEN İngolf
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study is
to evaluate the presence of flavonoids in citrus fıber using reverse-phase
high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). In this study, we also
investigate the effect of regular and hot-washing preparations on total
polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), oxygen radical
absorbance capacity (ORAC) and total carotenoid content (TCC) of citrus fiber.
The HPLC method used provided fast results and good separation for
polymethoxyflavones and flavonols. Quercetin and kaempferol (flavonols), and
sinensetin, nobiletin, heptamethoxyflavone, and tangeretin
(polymethoxyflavones) were identified. Nobiletin had the highest concentration
with 3.33 mg/g dry weight followed by sinensetin (1.96 mg/g dry weight) and
heptamethoxyflavone (1.24 mg/g dry weight), respectively. The TFC and TCC of
citrus fiber were unaffected (P >0.05) by the citrus fiber production
procedure; however, the TPC and the ORAC values of citrus fiber prepared using
hot-washing were significantly lower (P < 0.05).
ДІАЛОГ ЯК МЕХАНІЗМ АКСІОГЕНЕЗУ ОСОБИСТОСТІ В ПРОЦЕСІ ВИЩОЇ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Радчук Галина
Published: November 2018

Статтю  присвячено  проблемі  теоретичного  обґрунтування  діалогу  як  механізму  аксіогенезу  особистості в освітньому процесі та виокремлення сутнісних аспектів діалогізації освітнього середовища  вищої школи. Обґрунтовано, що провідними цілями сучасної вищої освіти в контексті її гуманітаризації є  загальнокультурні орієнтири, які дозволяють замінити власне  когнітивний  підхід на смислотворчий, де і  викладач, і студент є активними суб’єктами освітнього діалогу. Показано, що освітній діалог виступає  зовнішньою   спонукою   внутрішнього   ініціювання   особистісно-професійного   становлення   майбутнього  фахівця,  становлення  його  ціннісно-смислової  сфери,  а  рівень  діалогізації  освітнього  середовища  може  слугувати  мірилом  реалізації  особистісно-розвивального  потенціалу  освіти.  На  підставі  емпіричного  дослідження   визначено,  що  у   реальному   освітньому   процесі  найбільшою   перешкодою  у   діалогізації  освітнього   середовища   є      догматичність,   формалізованість   освітнього   процесу   та   закритість,  стереотипність рольової поведінки викладачів та студентів. 

The  article  is  focused  on  theoretical  argumentation  of the  dialogue  as  a  mechanism  for  personality  axiogenesis in  educational process and separation of essential dialogue aspects in higher educational environment.  The author argues that general cultural orientations are main goals of modern higher education in the context of its  humanization. This allows to replace the actual cognitive approach with sense creation one, where both teacher and  student are active subjects of educational dialogue. It is shown that educational dialogue is an external stimulus of  internal initiation of personal and professional formation in future specialists, as well as formation of their value- semantic sphere. The level of dialogue in educational environment can serve as a measure of implementation of  personality and developmental potential in education. On the basis of empirical research it is determined that  dogmatism,  formalization  of  educational  process,  and  closeness,  stereotyped  role  of  teachers’  and  students’  behavior  are  the  greatest  obstacles  for  educational  environment  becoming  more  dialogue  driven  in  real-life  educational process.
ЕКЗИСТЕНЦІЙНА ПОЗИЦІЯ КОНСУЛЬТАНТА ЯК ПРОФЕСІЙНИЙ ВИБІР
Authors: Паркулаб Оксана
Published: November 2018

У  статті  показано  особливості  вибору  теоретичної  орієнтації  консультанта  залежно  від  погляду на природу людини. Розкрито екзистенційний підхід до консультування, що вивчає головно ті  людські можливості  та  потенції,  яким  не  приділяється  або мало  приділяється  уваги  в  класичній  та  позитивістській  теоріях.  Обґрунтовано  його  переваги  над  іншими  терапевтичними  напрямами  й  визначено  спектр  можливостей  екзистенційного  консультування  для  психологів,  представників  інших  наукових  шкіл.  З’ясовано,  що  екзистенційні  ідеї  з  різною  мірою  повноти  та  послідовності  виявилися  близькими  багатьом  психотерапевтам, у  тому  числі й  тим,  хто не  вважається  прихильником  цього  напряму  психології.  Підкреслено,  що  вихідним  пунктом  адептів  екзистенціалізму  є  переконання  про  важливість  допомоги  індивіду  в  розвитку  й  посилені  його  здатності  відповідати  вимогам  життя.  Визначено основні завдання консультанта, що мають враховувати екзистенційно орієнтовані психологи у  взаємодії  з  клієнтами,  та  сформульовано  першочергове  завдання,  яке  полягає  не  у  вивченні  самої  особистості, а в дослідженні досвіду її переживання людського існування як такого (його прояснення та  розуміння).  Описано  техніки,  які  застосовують  екзистенціалісти,  та  аргументовано  їх  позитивний  терапевтичний ефект у разі збалансованого поєднання методів вислуховування та впливу.   

This paper shows the features of the choice of theoretical orientation consultant, depending on the view of  human  nature.  It  reveals the  existential  approach  to  consulting,  studying  mainly the human  possibilities  and  potency, which are not really covered in the positivism and classical theories. The paper shows the features of the  existential approach relevant for counselling, substantiates its advantages over other therapeutic areas, shows the  range of existential consultation for psychologists and representatives of other scientific schools. It was found that  existential  ideas  with  varying  degrees  of completeness  and  consistency  were  close  to  many psychotherapists,  including those who are not considered to be a fan of this area of psychology. It was underlined that the original  existentialism  followers’  standpoint  is  the  belief  about  the  importance  of  assistance  for  an  individual  in  the  development and reinforcement of his/her ability to meet the requirements of life. The main tasks of the consultant  were defined, which existential oriented psychologists should consider in interaction with customers, and it was  found, that the priority is not in the study of the person itself, but the study of the emotional experience of the human  existence as such (its enlightenment and understanding). The techniques, which are used by existentialists were  described and their positive therapeutic effect in case of a balanced combination of methods of auscultation and  influence was reasoned
НАУЧНЫЕ ОТКРЫТИЯ КАК УДАРЫ ПО САМОЛЮБИЮ: ТРАДИЦИЯ ПРОДОЛЖАЕТСЯ
Authors: Левит Леонид
Published: November 2018

В статье рассматривается значение трех главных «ударов», которые, по утверждению З. Фрейда,  современная наука нанесла по представлениям человека о себе и своей роли во Вселенной. Показано, что  разработанная   автором   двусистемная   и   многоуровневая   «Личностно-ориентированная   концепция  счастья»  (ЛОКС)  не  только  выявляет  скрытые  доселе  смыслы  предыдущих  научных  «ударов»,  но  и  наносит новые. С учетом современных научных данных ЛОКС обосновывает и развивает идеи Ч. Дарвина  (второй «удар» человечеству) и  взгляды З. Фрейда (третий «удар»), чем усиливает значение обоих – точно  так же, как учение Фрейда в свое время подчеркнуло силу открытий, сделанных Дарвином. Теоретическая  конструкция  ЛОКС  оказывается  способной  объяснить  причину  болезненного  восприятия  предыдущих  открытий  современниками,  универсальный  эгоизм  которых  стал  более  очевиден.  В  то  же  время  продемонстрированы и сохранившиеся возможности традиционных взглядов, не поддающиеся в настоящее  время аргументированному научному опровержению.    

The article under consideration analyzes the meaning of the three great «blows»,  which the modern  science, in Z. Freud’s opinion, has given to people’s main beliefs about themselves and their role in the Universe. It  is shown that the dual system and multilevel «Person-Oriented Conception of Happiness» (POCH) elaborated by  the author not only discovers the meaning of the previous blows, but produces new ones. Taking into account  modern scientific data, POCH substantiates Ch. Darwin ideas (the second blow to human vanity) as well as Z.  Freud views (the third blow). Thus POCH strengthens both of them - as well as Freud’s discoveries strengthened  Darwin’s theory at a certain time. The theoretical construction of POCH is able to explain the causes of the  negative attitude towards the abovementioned discoveries by the contemporaries, whose universal egoism became  more evident. At the same time, the author shows the preserving possibilities of the traditional views, which cannot  be refuted from the scientific point of view nowadays.
ВІД ЮНОСТІ ДО МОЛОДОСТІ: МОЖЛИВОСТІ ЕПІГЕНЕТИЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ В СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНОМУ АНАЛІЗІ
Authors: Злобіна Олена
Published: November 2018

Статтю    присвячено    аналізу    можливостей    застосування    міждисциплінарного    підходу    в  дослідженнях трансформацій конструкту ідентичності. Виокремлено обмеженості дослідження стадій  циплінарних  підходах.  Запропоновано  застосувати  стадійний  підхід  в  аналізі  вікової  групи  «молодь»  з  метою верифікації положення про її диференціацію на різні вікові підгрупи, які відрізняються статусами  ідентичності. Теоретичним підґрунтям дослідження є теорія психогенетичного розвитку особистості Е.  Еріксона та статусна динамічна модель розвитку ідентичності Дж. Марсіа. Емпіричну основу склали  матеріали аналізу 14 фокус-групових дискусій, проведених у молодіжних аудиторіях: 7 груп з молоддю у віці  18-21  рік  і  7  з  молоддю  у  віці  26-30  років.  Підтверджено  внутрішню  диференціацію    вікової  стадії  «молодість». Показано, що динаміка психогенезу на цій стадії характеризується домінуванням дифузного  статусу у молодшої групи та статусу досягненості у старшої.  Інші статуси зустрічаються значно  рідше.   Наявний   емпіричний   матеріал   не   дає   можливості   простежити   чинники,   які   зумовлюють  зафіксовані відмінності, проте отримані в ході дослідження типові портрети зазначених груп  дозволяють   розвинути міждисциплінарний підхід до проблеми персоногенезу та застосувати його можливості для  вироблення стратегії дослідження «процесу переходу» від стадії до стадії

The article is devoted to the analysis of the possibilities of using the interdisciplinary approach in studies of transformations of the construct of identity. The limitations of studies of stages of development in monodisciplinary approaches are singled out. It is suggested to apply the step-by-step approach in the analysis of the age group "youth" in order to verify the position on its differentiation into different age subgroups that differ in identity statuses. The theoretical basis of the study is the theory of psychogenetic development of the personality of E. Erickson and the status dynamic model of identity development of J. Marcia. Empirical basis was made by the analysis materials 14 focus group discussions held in youth audiences: 7 groups with youth aged 18-21 and 7 with young people aged 26-30. The internal differentiation of the age stage "youth" has been confirmed. It is shown that the dynamics of psychogenesis at this stage is characterized by the dominance of diffuse status in the younger group and the status of attainment in the older group. Other statuses are much less common. The existing empirical material does not provide an opportunity to trace the factors that cause the observed differences, but the typical portraits of these groups obtained in the course of the research allow developing an interdisciplinary approach to the problem of personogenesis and applying its possibilities for developing a strategy for studying the "transition process" from stage to stage.
Clinical utility of mifepristone over oxytocin in preventing adversities of parturition outcomes: a comparative study
Authors: Jain Mudita , Kaushal Rituja
Published: November 2018

Background: Of the various medical methods of induction, induction with oxytocin and prostaglandins remain the most popular and acceptable methods in modern obstetric practice. The present cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kamla Raja Hospital, Gwalior, mifepristone has been used through oral route for induction of labor. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effect of oral mifepristone for induction of labor, to record the outcome of labor and the incidence of operative interference, and to see any adverse effects on mother and/or neonate with its use, to compare its effect with other medical method of labor induction.Methods: The present study is a prospective comparative study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, G. R. Medical College and Kamla Raja Hospital, Gwalior (M.P.), from May 2009 to June 2010. Total number of patients involved in the study is 119, study group comprised of 69 patients in which oral mifepristone (200mg) was given on day 1 and day 2 of a four-day observation period. The control group comprised of 50 patients induced with intravenous oxytocin group.Results: On overall assessment of the efficacy of labour induction with oral mifepristone as compared to intravenous (I/V) oxytocin, we found that there was no significant difference in the mode of delivery (vaginal and caesarean section) and Apgar score.Conclusions: The induction of active labour induction, induction to delivery interval is higher in mifepristone group as compared to oxytocin group. However, the drug resulted in higher rates of vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) with no grave maternal and fetal outcomes, so thus aspect of oral mifepristone is of great consideration and requires further research.
A study on morphologic and histological pattern of the central nervous system tumors
Authors: Thakur Ajay Singh , Gahine Renuka , Kulkarni Vishal
Published: November 2018

Background: It has been revealed by International Agency for Research on Cancer that the worldwide incidence rate of CNS tumors in 2002 was 3.7/100,000 population among males and 2.6/100,000 population among females. Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors account for 85% of brain tumors and 15 % of spinal cord tumors, however metastatic tumors are usually extradural. According to the WHO classification tumors of CNS comprise more than 50 clinico-pathological entities. The major categories include the tumors of neuroepithelial tissue, cranial and paraspinal nerves, meninges, sellar region, lymphomas haematopoietic neoplasms, germ cell and metastatic tumors. An understanding of the epidemiology is needed to facilitate prevention, early detection and treatment of CNS tumours.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College Raipur, India from January 2009 to August 2017. The present study was a retrospective study, hence H and E section of every case was re-examined and histopathological reports were reviewed. Sections were stained with H&E. Diagnosis is made according to the WHO classification and diagnostic criteria for CNS neoplasms.Results: CNS tumours occur more frequently in the age group of 41-50 years (57 cases -21.1%) followed by 31-40 years (53 cases -19.7%). The most common entity in the present study were tumours of neuroepithelial tissue 127 cases (47.2%) followed by tumors of meninges 59 cases (22%) and nerve sheath tumours 42 cases (15.6%). The tumors of neuroepithelial tissue comprised mainly of astrocytic tumors 86 cases (32%) followed by embryonal tumors 15 cases (5.6%), ependymal tumors 11 cases (4.1%), oligodendroglial tumors 09 cases (3.3%).Conclusions: Within the scope and limitations of the present study we believe that this effort would help in establishing the grounds for future epidemiologic studies that would, eventually, contribute to give insight into the epidemiology of CNS tumors.
Comparative study of single incision versus conventional three port laparoscopic appendectomy
Authors: Rometra Sahil , Rometra Rahil , Koul Neeraj , Chrungoo R. K.
Published: November 2018

Background: Appendicitis is primarily a disease of adolescents and young adults with a peak incidence in the second and third decades of life. Appendectomy for appendicitis is the most commonly performed emergency operation in the world.For more than a century, open appendectomy remained the gold standard for the treatment of acute appendicitis.  Laparoscopic surgery has become popular universally during the last couple of decades.   Efforts are still being made to decrease abdominal incision and visible scars after laparoscopy.  Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is a new innovation allowing minimal access surgery to be performed through a single umbilical incision.Methods: It was a prospective study carried out on 50 patients diagnosed as acute appendicitis. They were divided into two groups of 25 each. One group underwent Conventional Laparoscopic Appendectomy (CLA) and other group underwent Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS).  Results were compared with regard to mean operative time,   complications, post-operative pain and discomfort (vas score at 12 hours), post-operative morbidity, duration of hospital stay and condition at discharge and cosmesis.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to the parameters like postoperative pain, hospital stay and complication profile. However, operative time for SILS appendectomy were found to be significantly higher compared to conventional group.Conclusions: Single incision laparoscopic appendectomy using standard laparoscopic instruments is safe and effective, feasible surgery with better cosmetic results.
A randomised controlled trial comparing the efficacy of single dose prophylactic ceftriaxone versus post-operative ciprofloxacin and metronidazole combination in reducing post-operative wound infection after clean surgeries
Authors: Vasu S. , Sagar Kshir
Published: November 2018

Background: Surgical site infections were considered to be the major contributor to increased morbidity and mortality in clean surgeries. Many studies prove that single dose prophylaxis is more effective than multiple dosing. No data currently exist about comparative efficacy of single dose prophylactic ceftriaxone with postoperative ciprofloxacin and metronidazole combination in reducing postoperative wound infection after clean surgeries. Hence the present study was done to compare their efficacy in terms rate of incidence of wound infection and side effects.Methods: This prospective study was done on 120 patients who were selected for clean surgeries at Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Bengaluru during the period from April 2015 and March 2016. 60 patients received single dose of ceftriaxone prophylactically and considered as study group and other 60 patients received combination of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole postoperatively for 5-7 days and considered as control group. The efficacy of drugs was estimated in terms of reducing the incidence of wound infection.Results: The wound infection rate was 13.33% in the study group and 28.33% in control. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated from wound discharge. However, gram negative organism accounted for majority of infections. There were no major side effects encountered in either of the groups.Conclusions: The study concludes that single dose ceftriaxone can be widely applied in the routine practice in clean surgeries. The single dose ceftriaxone showed many advantages over the control group in terms of Reduced the incidence of postoperative wound infection with no major side effects.
Air pollution and its association with respiratory dysfunction among healthy adolescents: a cross sectional study from South Western Punjab, India
Authors: Gupta Harshvardhan , Jain Himanshu , Kaul Varun , Sethi Gurmeet Kaur , Sharma Rajeev , Allahabadi Arzoo
Published: November 2018

Background: This study has been performed to compare the pulmonary functions of healthy adolescents studying in schools situated in highly polluted areas with those studying in schools of low polluted areas of south western Punjab.Methods: This study was conducted in various schools located at Faridkot and Bathinda city. These places had been identified by the Punjab Pollution Control Board (PPCB) as having low and high air pollution levels respectively. Study Population divided into two groups that is Group A: 300 children from schools situated in Bathinda city. Group B:  301 children from schools situated in Faridkot city. Spiro Excel spirometer was used, and following parameters were obtained: FVC, FEV₁, FEV₁% (relation of FEV₁ to FVC), PEFR, FEF25-75%. Results: FVC was low in males and females in the high polluted group as compared in the low polluted group (p = 0.042; significant; males) (p = 0.039; significant; females). FEV₁ was low in males and females in high polluted group as compared in low polluted group (p = 0.003; significant; males) (p = 0.026; significant; females). In this study only, males showed a significant fall in mean percentage of FEF25-75%. PEFR was low in males in high polluted group as compared to that in low polluted group (p = 0.007; significant) while in females it was insignificant.Conclusions: It is concluded that in South Western Punjab, air pollution has detrimental effect on pulmonary functions (FVC, FEV₁, FEV₁%, FEF25-75% and PEFR) in healthy adolescents.
Time span from onset of oral cancer symptoms to treatment: a hospital based cross sectional study in South India
Authors: Somanna Shivaraj Nallur , Sastry Nandakumar Bidare , Cheluvarayaswamy Ramesh , Sabitha K. S. , Srinivasa Murthy Nandagudi , Malila Nea
Published: November 2018

Background: Oral cancer is one of the major health problems in India. Patient delay in seeking medical help usually contributes to late stage at diagnosis, high mortality and low survival. Our study aims to find the time span from first onset of oral cancer symptoms to cancer specific primary treatment.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2015-September 2016 in one of the tertiary care cancer center in Bangalore. Histopathologically confirmed 212 incident oral cancer patients were interviewed using a pre-tested semi structured questionnaire.Results: The median time span between onset of symptoms and seeking medical care was 60 [IQR 30, 104] days, the median time between seeking medical care and diagnosis was 30 [IQR 15, 90] days, and the median time between diagnosis and initiation of treatment was 20 [IQR 12, 33] days.Conclusions: There is considerable delay in seeking cancer specific primary treatment among oral cancer patients. Efforts should be undertaken to increase awareness in the population and all stakeholders regarding symptoms and improve early diagnostics and access to care.
Foreign bodies in esophagus: our experiences
Authors: Naveen Kumar A. G.
Published: November 2018

Background: Foreign bodies in esophagus come as an emergency to otolaryngologist and needs to be removed at the earliest to prevent complications. The objective was to share our experience with esophageal foreign bodies removal in Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Bangalore, India.

Methods: Study of 84 patients admitted with the final diagnosis of esophageal foreign body during September 2011 – September 2018, for sex, age, diagnosis on admission, estimated duration and site of impaction, type and number of foreign body removed.  

Results: Over 7 years period, 84 patients (48 males and 36 females) of different ages, youngest being 02 years and oldest being 92 years were admitted with the diagnosis of esophageal foreign body. Fifty percent of patients were five years or less in age at the time of admission. 32.1% were between 5 to 14 years and 17.9% were between the age range of 60-92 years. Seven patients (2.9%) had a history of esophageal anomalies requiring operation. Different types of foreign bodies ingested most common being coin. Majority of foreign bodies (75/84, 89.2%) were located in the post cricoid and upper esophagus followed by the mid-esophagus, and only 3 cases involved the lower esophagus.

Conclusions: The most common foreign bodies in children are coin and toys. Sharp foreign bodies are difficult remove but need to be removed carefully at the earliest to prevent dreaded complications like - retropharyngeal abscess and mediastinitis. Loose fitting dentures are common foreign body in elderly patients.
The Use of Communication and Information Technology Innovation Among Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises
Authors: Qamari Ika Nurul , Widowati PA Retno , . Fauziyah , Kurnia Femi
Published: November 2018

Innovation has significantly contributed to the transformation of organizations. The current research aims to determine the level innovation of communication and information technology that was employed by micro, small and medium sized corporations. The research respondents consisted of 100 micro, small and medium corporations, who were registered as active operated in the Industry, Trade and Cooperatives Office of Yogyakarta Municipality, Indonesia. The findings of this research demonstrated that micro, small and medium sized corporations innovated by employing communication and information technology in the operation of their businesses. The research discovered that 93% of the MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) promoted their products using the internet, while 86% viewed innovation to be an important facet of their business. Furthermore, the smartphone was utilized by 100% of the MSMEs, to support the operations of their businesses.
Marketing Architectural And Engineering Services: A Portfolio Approach
Authors: Treado Matthew , Brunswick Gary
Published: November 2018

This article has been written as a theoretical guide for architectural and engineering firms to develop a strong services marketing plan for the geographic location in which it operates. It will outline a step by step approach to develop, administer, and utilize this services marketing approach. It will also outline the logic and understanding to support this claim.