bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevated inflammatory markers as predictors of mortality in people with diabetes and COVID-19
Authors: Chaudhuri Soumyabrata Roy
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a risk factor for COVID-19 infection, however data on specific biomarkers for monitoring the progress and predicting the mortality of diabetic subset of patients admitted with COVID-19is scanty. Our study aims to see the utility of biomarkers in predicting mortality, hospital /ICU stay, necessity of ventilatory support in diabetic patients admitted with COVID-19 infection. Methodology: A retrospective multicentered analysis of data of COVID-19 positive patients who were admitted in two tertiary care hospitals of Kolkata, Eastern India between 1st September 2020 – 15th December 2020 was collected and set which fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were sent for analysis Results: After accounting for the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 133 subjects’ data (84 males.63.16% and 49 females.36.84%) with mean age of 55.96 ± 11.94 years was available for analysis. Primary outcome viz. mortality was seen in 15 patients (10.9%), whereas the median hospital stays and ICU stay was 10 days and 4 days respectively and a large percentage of patients 47.37 % (63 patients) required ventilatory support. D dimer was the inflammatory marker which had the highest predictive value for mortality, the primary outcome, with an asymptotic significance of <0.001 and the area under the ROC (receiver operator curve) being 1.00. Ferritin, Interleukin -6 and CRP all showed fair to excellent predictability for mortality with the asymptotic significance being < 0.05 for all. Conclusion: Biomarkers namely D-dimer, serum ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are reliable predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes where D dimer showed the highest sensitivity and specificity. Glycated hemoglobin levels did not predict or affect mortality.
Racial disparities in healthcare utilization and costs in pharmacologically treated medicaid enrollees with developmental disabilities and Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Patel Isha , Erickson Steven R. , Caldwell Cleopatra H. , Woolford Susan J. , Bagozzi Richard P. , Chang Jongwha , Balkrishnan Rajesh
Published: March 2023

Objective: Adults with developmental disabilities have higher prevalence of chronic disease conditions such as diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, arthritis, CVD and chronic pain. They also have poor healthcare utilization and are screened less for chronic disease conditions. Very few studies have looked at the diabetes related health outcomes in developmentally disabled adults, where distinct racial differences in medication use behaviors have been observed. The objective of this study was to examine the association of race with healthcare utilization and costs in pharmacologically treated Medicaid enrollees with developmental disabilities (DD) and type 2 diabetes. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that identified adults with DD and type 2 diabetes from the MarketScan® Multi-State Medicaid Database. Enrollees aged 18-64 years who received new medications for type 2 diabetes from January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2006 were included. An index diagnosis date was assigned to each patient and adults with a continuous enrollment for at least 12 months were included. Probabilities of type 2 diabetes related healthcare utilization (inpatient, outpatient and emergency department visits) in adults with DD were computed using multivariate logistic regression models. Multivariate negative binomial regression was used to measure the rate of change in type 2 diabetes related healthcare utilization in patients with DD. Multivariate linear regression with log-transformation was used to determine type 2 diabetes related healthcare costs in Medicaid enrollees with DD. Results: This study had a sample size of 1529 patients. After controlling for all the covariates, compared to Caucasians with DD, African Americans with DD were more likely to have type 2 diabetes related inpatient (OR=1.71; 95% CI, 1.02-2.85) and emergency department visits (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.02-2.73). African Americans with DD and type 2 diabetes had significantly higher healthcare costs compared to Caucasians with DD and type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Racial disparities exist in healthcare utilization in Medicaid patients with DD and type 2 diabetes. African Americans were more likely to have inpatient and ER visits respectively. Also, African Americans were more likely to have higher type 2 related healthcare costs compared to Caucasians.
Preventive Measures and Management Systems against Diseases and Abnormalities of Indian Peafowl in Bangladesh National Zoo
Authors: Faruk Miazi Omar , Monirul Hasan Khan Mohammad , Jalil MA , Das Ashutosh , Shaha Mishuk
Published: March 2023

The wild and domesticated peafowls are prone to many bacterial, viral and parasitic infectious diseases. Various factors are contributing to infections in peafowls. However, there is very little published data on preventive measures and management systems against disease conditions and abnormalities of Indian peafowl. Therefore, we aim to identify the disease conditions and different abnormalities as well as its management in captivity. The research was done from April 2015 to December 2018 in Bangladesh National Zoo (BNZ) by direct interacting, observing, using structured questionnaire and taking data from record book. Vaccine against ND, fowl pox and avian influenza were used for Indian peafowl in BNZ for combating against those diseases. Without this medication against parasitic infestation was started from 4 month of age and later continued regularly six months’ interval. Some vitamin mineral and nutrients substances also used regularly for preventing several abnormalities and diseases. Routine checkup was also found to prevent diseases, abnormalities. A well management system has developed in relation with feeds, feeding system, and habitats for making protection against abnormalities, diseases and predators of Indian peafowl. The house was made with good protection system for entering predators and also the visitors which help to protect predation and disturbing of visitors. Without this cleaning regularly, proper drainage system, controlling for entering predators and enough spaces in houses also help in protection against abnormalities, diseases and predators. Feeds and feeding system was also found very good like regular fresh feed supply, balanced feed supply and nutrias feed supply all the year round to their peafowl’s. Without this properly brooding of peachicks also, help to prevent many diseases as well as express good growth performance. A veterinary hospital in the BNZ premises provides regular monitoring of their health status and suggests good quality management practices for all animals including Indian peafowl.
Assessment on major production constraints, and reproductive performances of camel in West Hararghe Zone Oromia Ethiopia
Authors: Gebeyehu Muhammed Nurye , Demlie Atnafu Mulu
Published: March 2023

The study was conducted in Mieso and Bordede districts, in West Hararghe Zone of Oromiya National Regional State with the objectives of assessing major constraints of camel production, reproductive performances, and physicochemical quality of camel milk in the study areas. A total of 120 households (camel owners) were selected purposively for interview (i.e 20 households from each kebeles). Feed shortage, conflict over the scarcity of natural resources, low productivity of grazing land, and water scarcity were the main constraints of camel production. The mean age at first mating for male and female camels was 5.92±2.91 and 4.79±1.84 years respectively, similarly, the average number of services per conception of camels in this finding was 1.73±0.64. The reproductive span of male and female camels in the study area were 20.04±6.50 and 25.20±7.83 years, respectively and the gestation period of camels recorded in this study was 1.73±0.64. The lactation length of a camel was 9.77±2.10 and 17.30±5.66 months in Mieso and Bordede, respectively. Late maturity is reported as the primary reproductive constraint followed by long calving interval, the presence of reproductive disease, low conception rate and the birth of stunted calves in Mieso district. Whereas in Bordede district the primary reproductive constraints were late maturity followed by the presence of reproductive disease, long calving interval, low conception rate and birth of stunted calf. In conclusion, camel is one of the most important livestock for pastoralists’ livelihood as a source of milk, meat and draught power. In order to increase the productivity of camels, the major constraints such as shortage of feed and water, disease problems and others should be given attention.
The Voynich Manuscript: Decoded
Authors: Crowe Fletcher
Published: March 2023

The Voynich Manuscript (VM) is an illustrated codex hand-written in a unique writing system whose pages have been carbon-dated to 1404-1438 CE. The document has been studied by numerous cryptographers, but until this time no one has demonstrably deciphered the text. The Voynich Manuscript has been called "The World's Most Mysterious Manuscript" and "The Book Nobody Can Read.” Sections of the manuscript appear to deal with strange plants and flowers, naked women lounging in pools of water, celestial bodies such as stars, the moon and the Sun, and kitchen spices and herbs. This research shows that the strange Voynich symbols code for Arabic. An equivalency table between Arabic letters and the Voynich characters is developed, and large sections of the Voynich text are translated, including pages picturing flowers, stars, spices and women. A 600-word dictionary of Arabic-Voynich-English was developed. Translation reveals that the text deals exclusively with the Cathars, a religious heresy prominent in the south of France in the 12th – 13th centuries. A hypothesis is developed that the patron funding production of the Voynich Manuscript may have been Alfonso V, king of Aragon/Catalonia and, King of Naples.
Management of tuberculosis during pregnancy: first line anti-tuberculosis drug
Authors: Bereda Gudisa
Published: March 2023

Tuberculosis is a widespread, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, commonly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis not only responsible for an important proportion of the global burden of disease, but it is also an important contributor to maternal mortality, with the disease being among the three leading causes of death among women aged fifteen to forty five years. The main goals of tuberculosis treatment are to cure the patients, to prevent maternal and perinatal complications and to minimize the possibility of transmission of the bacillus to healthy individuals. First-line anti-tuberculosis treatment for medicine-sensitive tuberculosis can be highly effective; however, in absence of well-controlled studies in pregnant women, first-line tuberculosis medications have been listed as United States Food and Drug Administration pregnancy category C (ie, no adequate well-controlled human studies have been performed, but benefits may be acceptable despite potential risks) except ethambutol categorized as pregnancy category B. Rifampicin can be highly used by pregnant women; due to it is believed to be safe for pregnancy and no teratogenic effects has been observed. Neonates who born from mothers who have been taken rifampicin combination therapy may be developed an increased risk of haemorrhagic disorders in the new-born (postpartum hemorrhage); to avoid this postpartum hemorrhage supplemental vitamin K (10mg/day) should be given for the last four to eight weeks of pregnancy.
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: a narrative review
Authors: LopeZ Samantha A
Published: March 2023

This review discusses clinical presentation of DAH, diagnosis of the underlying histology’s, treatment options, as well as morbidity and mortality rates. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is considered a life-threatening pulmonary complication in patients with systemic autoimmune disorders, hematologic malignancies, and coagulation disorders. DAH is distinguished by acute onset of hypoxia and alveolar infiltrates that may lead to progressive alveolar bleeding. Early diagnosis and recognition are crucial for survival. Treatment for DAH involves treating both the underlying condition and the autoimmune damage of the alveolar capillary membrane. The gold standard is immunosuppressive agents and corticosteroids. Despite early recognition and proper treatment DAH mortality rates remain high.
Widened mediastinum at elderly: a challenge in the emergency room (ER)
Authors: Carvajal Julián Rondón
Published: March 2023

A widened mediastinum is a feature often seen on a plain chest x-ray. When the mediastinum is greater than 6 to 8 cm, depending on which source, it is noted to be wide. A wide mediastinum has many causes which include thoracic aortic aneurysm of the ascending and proximal descending aorta, aortic dissection of ascending and proximal descending aorta, unfolding of the aorta, passing through traumatic aortic ruptura and non-vascular structural causes, such as hilar lymphadenopathy either infectious or malignant (lymphoma, seminoma, thymoma). At elderly, this finding constitutes a real challenge in the emergency room, which must be interpreted in the light of the hemodynamic condition of the patient, taking into account that in the scenario of chronic aortic syndrome it includes aneurysmal dilatations of the aortic root that can be dissected incompletely, presenting with latent intramural hematoma in ascending aorta until aortic tamponade with secondary obstructive shock.
Targeting thymic stromal lymphopoietin for the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma
Authors: Syabbalo  Nightingale 
Published: March 2023

Asthma is a heterogenous chronic inflammatory airway disease comprising of four phenotypes classified based on sputum cytology, which differ in immunopathophysiology, disease severity, and response to pharmacological therapy. The phenotypes of asthma include eosinophilic, neutrophilic, paucigranulocytic, and mixed cellularity. Eosinophilic asthma affects about 40-60% of all asthma cases. It is associated with atopy, eczema, allergic rhinitis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. The airway epithelium plays an important role in initiating eosinophilic inflammation, and in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic asthma. Injured or damaged airway epithelium release three cytokines, such as interleukin-25 (IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Epithelial cytokines also known as alarmins act in concert and synergistically in promoting eosinophilic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling. Targeted inhibition of epithelial cytokines is an attractive and precise approach to treat eosinophilic asthma. There are no approved biologics targeting IL-25, and IL-33 for the treatment of eosinophilic asthma. Tezepelumab an anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody is the only anti-alarmin biologic approved for the treatment of severe asthma irrespective of the phenotype. It is effective in reducing the exacerbation rates, and improves lung function, and health related quality of life.
Assessment of pulmonary hypertension by cardiac MRI and right sided heart catheter in COPD patients
Authors: El Embaby Dalia Abd El Sattar
Published: March 2023

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disorder characterized by abnormally elevated blood pressure of the pulmonary circulation which results, over time, from extensive vascular remodeling and increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Recent advances in cMRI technology have led to the development of techniques for noninvasive assessment of the morphology of the right side of the heart to be correlated to the hemodynamic parameters collected by RHC which is still the golden standard technique of PH diagnosis. Aim: To assess the role of Cardiac MRI in severe COPD patients with pulmonary artery pressure more than 35 mmHg as evaluated by Echocardiography and right sided cardiac catheterization. Patients and methods: The current study was conducted upon 20 patients with moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by spirometry according to GOLD 2022 criteria who had been assessed for severe pulmonary hypertension with Pulmonary Artery Pressure more than 35 mmHg by cardiac Magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) and right sided heart catheter (RHC). They were recruited from the outpatient clinic and department of chest specialized hospital Kobry Elkobba Armed Forces. Results: Twenty patients included in the study were 90% males, mean age about 64.50 ± 7.94 years old with mean smoking duration 33.89 ±7.03 years and 45% with co-morbidities. Spirometry done for all studied cases included FEV1/FVC, FEV1 and FVC parameters with mean range 43.40 ± 5.17, 38.90 ± 8.60, 79.45 ± 16.59 respectively. The descriptive data of HRCT showed 60% of the patients with emphysema while the rest showed mixed emphysema and ILD. V/Q scan study was positive in 4 patients which represented 20% of the patients whose all included in group B (mPA > 43.5 mmHg). All studied COPD patients who showed severe PHT by a measurement of mPAP > 35 mmHg by RHC with normal PCW pressure underwent cMRI study to assess right ventricular structure and morphology. Conclusion: Cardiac MRI showed a great rule in the evaluation of the morphological changes associated with the condition of COPDPH in the right side of the heart which should affect its functions. The cardiac MRI is not the best tool in assessment of the right side of the heart in COPD patients due to many causes like the difficulty of holding breaths with COPDPH patients during the maneuver to snap accurate clear shots of the heart, the hypoxia in those patients which makes the maneuver more difficult, the associated co-morbidities may interfere with completing the maneuver like the chronic kidney disease that prohibit the use of gadolinium dye and other co-morbidities like morbid obesity that will not allow the patient to get through the MRI
Subcutaneous fat necrosis in an extremely low birth weight infant
Authors: Bharti Des , Patel Ishita
Published: March 2023

We are reporting an infant delivered at 23 weeks of gestation who presented with subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN).
New therapeutic option for junctional ectopic tachycardia in infants following congenital heart surgery: ivabradine, a case report
Authors: Touma Boulos Marianne , Abou Jaoude Simon , Saliba Zakhia , Fattah Samah , Saadé Samer , Hanna Najib
Published: March 2023

Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is the most common tachyarrhythmia that appears mostly during the immediate postoperative period of congenital heart surgery. Patients who develop JET have increased mortality and morbidity. Despite the availability of different antiarrhythmic treatments, management of JET is still challenging. We report a case of reversing of malignant JET following congenital heart surgery with the use of oral Ivabradine, after the failure of all the others treatment options of JET. Ivabradine is a drug used in adult practice to lower heart rate in heart failure and angina. Our case report may provide hope that Ivabradine may be a new therapeutic option for JET in infants following congenital heart surgery.
Non-invasive research in ovarian endometriosis
Authors: AA Askerov , AJ Satybaldieva
Published: March 2023

The article presents the results of a study on noninvasive early diagnosis of the endometriosis ovarian cyst via ultrasound and on-markers CA-125. The effectiveness of using antimulyler hormone in predicting the reserve capacity of the ovary after surgical treatment of endometriosis cyst.
Determinants of preterm birth in neonatal intensive care units at public hospitals in Sidama zone, South East Ethiopia; case control study
Authors: Dessu Sifer Samuel , Seman Kedir Busera , Alemu Demisse Getu , Sisay Yordanos
Published: March 2023

Background: Preterm birth is defined by the World Health Organization as babies born before 37 completed weeks of gestation or fewer than 259 days since the first day of woman’s last menstrual period. Preterm birth is the first leading cause of neonatal mortality and the second leading cause for under-five mortality. Method: Facility-based case control study was conducted from 1st Mar to 1st May, 2018 in Sidama zone public hospitals. A total of 280 samples (70 cases & 210 controls) were determined using a double population proportion formula and participants were selected using consecutive sampling for the cases and systematic random sampling for the controls. Data were entered into Epi info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify determinants of preterm birth and variables which have p-value of <0.05 at final model were declared as statistically significant. Result: History of preterm birth (AOR: 4.19; 95%CI: 1.69-10.4), history of still birth (AOR:3.66; 95% CI:1.389-9.65), pregnancy induced hypertension (AOR:6.73;95%CI:2.69-16.85), premature rupture of membrane (AOR:6.92;95%CI:3.07-15.64, antepartum hemorrhage(AOR:5.52;95% CI:2.05-14.8), maternal nutrition (AOR:6.26;95%CI:2.32-16.87], sexually transmitted infection (AOR:2.42;95%CI:1.01-5.79) and standing for a long period of time (AOR:2.53;95% CI:1.2-5.35) were independent determinants of preterm birth. Conclusion: The multivariable analysis indicate that antepartum hemorrhage, pregnancy induced hypertension, history of preterm birth, history of still birth, premature rupture of membrane, sexually transmitted infection, nutritional status and standing for long time were identified as determinants of preterm birth.
Prevalence of neonatal sepsis and associated factors amongst neonates admitted in arbaminch general hospital, arbaminch, southern Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Mustefa Abdurhaman , Abera Amarch , Aseffa Asegedech , Abathun Tsigereda , Degefa Nega , Tadesse Hiwot , Yeheyis Tomas
Published: March 2023

Background: There are an estimated 2.9 million deaths worldwide from sepsis every year (44% of them in children under 5 years of age) and one quarter of these are due to neonatal sepsis. According to global burden of neonatal sepsis about 6.9 million neonates were diagnosed with possible serious bacterial infection needing treatment from these 2.9 million cases of neonates needing treatment occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Method: An institution based cross sectional study with retrospective document review was conducted among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit from December 2017 to December 2018 in arbaminch general hospital. Sample size was calculated by using single population proportion sample formula with a final sample size of 351. Data were collected a checklist. Using SPSS version 21 Binary and multiple logistic regressions have been used to observe the association between independent variables and dependent variable. Result: The magnitude of neonatal sepsis was 78.3%. APGAR<6,PROM> 18 hours and duration of labour>12 hours were positively associated with neonatal sepsis where as gestational age > 37 weeks and birth weight >2500 grams were protective factors as evidenced by statistical result of 2.33(0.205-0.33), 1.32(0.71-0.84), 1.20(0.70-0.95), 0.85(0.34-0.815) and 0.12(0.04-030) respectively. Conclusion and recommendation: The finding of this study shows that neonatal sepsis accounts the highest proportion cases amongst neonates admitted in the hospital. Gestational age, birth weight, APGAR score, PROM and duration of labour were found to be determinants of neonatal sepsis. Therefore, service utilization of mothers, early detection of risky situations and appropriate practice of newborn care can halt the problem.
Epidemiology of burn injury among children’s attended felege hiwot referral hospital in bahir dar town, amhara regional state, Ethiopia, 2017
Authors: Girma Gessesse Firehiwot , Asmamaw Yitayew Yibeltal
Published: March 2023

Background: Burn injury is a major global public health problem accompanied by a high risk of mortality and morbidity. Sufficient knowledge in the epidemiological pattern is necessary to prevent burn injury, but in many developing countries, including Ethiopia, the epidemiological patterns of burn injuries given low attention. Methods: The institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted from March-April 2017. A total of 102 burn patients were selected in a simple random sampling method. Data were collected retrospectively from patients’ medical records using a data extraction tool among children’s attended Felege Hiwot referral hospital with burn injury from 2011 to 2016. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered in Epi-data version 3.1, then exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 for analysis. Result: The overall prevalence of burn injury among children was 0.46%. In all age groups, the prevalence of burn injury was higher among females. Scald burn injuries account for 42.2%, and 41.61% of burn injuries involved multiple body parts. The majority of children (75.5%) presented with second-degree burns, and the mean TBSA (total body surface area) burned was 12.56 ±8.91. The majority of patients (77.5%) seek health care within <24 hours, 35.3% of patients received prehospital care after burn injury, and 33.3% of patients recovered with significant scarring and disfigurement. Conclusion and recommendations: The majority of the burn injuries occurred at home, and pre-hospital interventions were mostly harmful practices. Therefore adequate health education should be delivered to the society regarding appropriate pre-hospital interventions and a safe home environment.
Congenital toxoplasmosis: when a screening is missed
Authors: Borges C Melo , T Mendo , C Bragança , S Fernandes , F Furtado
Published: March 2023

Congenital toxoplasmosis occurs in 1:1000 to 1:10000 live births and the spectrum of manifestations is wide. We report a case of male infant with confirmed congenital toxoplasmosis infection after seroconversion between the 2nd and 3rd trimester. Despite having started adequate treatment after birth, ophthalmological lesions were permanent. The benefit of maternal treatment is not well established and prevention should be the key. Introduction: Transplacental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii is responsible for congenital toxoplasmosis. The variant parasite prevalence throughout the world, along with different national maternal screening programs, explains that the estimated incidence of this infection is of 1:1000 to 1:10000 live births. The risk of infection depends on the timing of maternal infection, increasing during the course of pregnancy and reaching a 65-71% risk in the third trimester[1],[2]. The gestational age at the time of maternal infection also accounts for the ample clinical outcome, being more severe in the early stages of fetus development, when it can lead to spontaneous abortion or stillbirth. Although congenital toxoplasmosis is subclinical in 75% of infected newborns1, the spectrum of manifestations is wide, going from hearing loss and ophthalmological lesions to severe compromise of central nervous system.
Plasma lactoferrin levels in newborn infants with early-onset neonatal sepsis
Authors: J Martínez-García Jesús , J Gámez Escarrega Claudia , S Martínez-Félix Nora , Canizalez-Román Adrián , A Angulo Zamudio Uriel , M León-Sicairos Nidia , A Angulo-Zamudio Uriel
Published: March 2023

Objective: To determinate if lactoferrin (LF) could be optimal biomarker; the LF levels in plasma were compared between neonates with or without early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS). Methods: From January to December of 2019 we conducted an analytic cross-sectional study, eighty-nine patients were collected: 34 newborns with EOS and 55 newborns without EOS from neonatology unit from a tertiary care hospital. The diagnosis was made with clinical parameters and sepsis biomarkers. Plasma concentrations of LF were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The LF median was 3.7ng/ml to the newborn group with EOS while 44.8ng/ml was to newborn without EOS (p: 0.000). The best LF cut-off point in newborns with EOS was 20.55ng/ml, with sensitivity of 73.5%, specificity 92.7%, positive predictive value 86.2%, and negative predictive value 85%, positive likelihood ratio 10.11, and negative likelihood ratio 0.28. Conclusions: These findings indicate that levels of LF in plasma could be an effective and useful biomarker to diagnose of EOS.
Additional Health Care Recommendations for Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Adney Flores Arizmendi Karla , Yuliana Guerrero Tapia Yessica , Javier Meoño Velazquez Francisco , Tonantzin Vargas Robledo Tania , Elizabeth Carranza Hernandez Lorena , García de la Puente Silvestre
Published: March 2023

The American Academy of Pediatrics have previously described comorbidities and health care recommendations in Down syndrome.This review was conducted of topics that have not been included in previously published recommendations or that require updating, this topics are: neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, thyroid dysfunction, deglutition disorders, immunity, vaccination, pulmonary hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias, hyperuricemia, vitamin D, oxidative stress, and autism. Method: Searches were performed with CINAHL, Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, LILACS, RIMA and BNI and assessed for methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Conclusions: The medical aspects presented in this articlecan help to the health care professionals to provide more effective care. The early detection of some comorbiditiescan improve prognosis and lower the cost of care for the complications then may cause.
Incidence of neural tube defects and other external congenital anomalies among newborn
Authors: Ahammad F , Rasul CH , Lucky SN , Biswas P
Published: March 2023

Background: Congenital malformations are becoming an important cause of neonatal death due to reduction of mortality by other common causes of death owing to the improvement of neonatal care. Routine physical examination of every newborn is important for multiple purposes including exploration of external congenital anomalies. Objective: To determine the incidence of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) and other external congenital anomalies that can be detected by routine physical examination only. Methods: It was an observational cross sectional study. This study was conducted in the department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics of Khulna Medical College Hospital from June 2016 to May 2017. All the delivered newborn in Obstetrics ward and the neonates in the pediatrics ward were included in the study. The babies were examined immediately after delivery or admission. A detailed history including potential risk factors was taken and a thorough physical examination was performed. All the relevant information was noted in a predesigned questionnaire. Results: A total of 4,462 neonates were studied in pediatrics and obstetrics ward. Thirty four (0.76%) cases of congenital anomalies were found during one year. Neural tube defects were observed in 4 (0.04%) cases only. No other risk factor except folic acid intake was related with them. Congenital anomalies most frequently involved the musculoskeletal system (29.4%). Conclusion: Routine physical examination of newborn can identify a significant number of congenital anomalies. Non-intake of folic acid during preconceptional and antenatal period is the single-most risk factor for NTDs.
Biomechanical analysis of the femur bone with the cotyle of the hip prosthesis
Authors: Cruz-López Salvador , Urriolagoitia-Sosa Guillermo , Romero-Ángeles Beatriz , Manuel Urriolagoitia-Calderón Guillermo , Arturo Marquet-Rivera Rodrigo , Alicia Hernández-Vázquez Rosa , Alejandro Mastache-Miranda Octavio , Alejandro Vázquez-Feijo Juan
Published: March 2023

The study of the biomodel between the femur bone and the hip prosthesis cotyle focuses on the use of the finite element method (FEM) to simulate the biomechanical behavior of the femur bone and the cotyle of the hip prosthesis. The study is based on 3D models generated from CT scan data from patients with hip replacements. The results indicated that the distribution of the load on the femur and cotyle varies according to the different positions of the cotyle. In addition, different stress patterns were observed in the femur bone and the cotyle of the prosthesis, suggesting the need to consider these variables when redesigning hip replacements.
Dental caries during orthodontic treatment: a review of the literature
Authors: Schulz Simon Montecinos , Yáñez Nicolás Yáñez
Published: March 2023

Background: Dental caries is a dynamic, non-transmissible and multifactorial disease caused by the acid generated by bacterial plaque. It is a very common pathology in the population, which in turn presents various risk factors that are often difficult to identify. Objective: The objective of this research is to provide a broader view of dental caries during orthodontic treatment, not as specific clinical signs, but in a more comprehensive way, including all the associated factors involved. Methods: A database search was conducted to obtain appropriate articles. The following databases were consulted: Pubmed, Medline, and The Cochrane Library, from 2010 to 2022. Results: The results showed that there is an association between caries disease and the use of orthodontics, where the risk of presenting caries lesions increases in those who use orthodontic appliances and also have a higher risk of developing white spot lesions than those who do not use orthodontic appliances. It is also noted that the preventive use of different remineralizing agents could be useful in reducing the incidence of white spot lesions. Conclusión: We can conclude that there is an association between the use of orthodontics and the presence of dental caries, with the white spot being the most studied sign of this. More studies are required with a methodology focused on caries as a complex and multifactorial phenomenon.
Idiopathic hypercalciuria presents: a precocious marker of osteoporosis
Authors: Ramirez-Esteva Osmay E , J Malberty-Giro
Published: March 2023

Epidemiological studies in the last ten years have provided that nephrolithiasis is a risk factor for development of hypertension and have higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and some hypertensive and diabetic patients are at greater risk for stone formation in connecting with altered calcium homeostasis; likewise in these last ten years, the deficit of zinc in the serum has been associated with the diabetes mellitus and another illnesses as: hipogonodism, Cushing Syndrome, celiac illness, and renal inadequacy, that propitiate to any age the osteoporosis appearance. It was used the creative idea as analysis method of data, applying the comparison by analogy between the well-known alterations of the homeostasis of the calcium and of the zinc, and those that can take place for the interaction among them. Review the data from the selected literature by this way, shows that, as conclusions: The event idiopathic calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis it is concomitant with the idiopathic hypercalciuria; the oxidative stress may be identifying by the presence of a direct correlation in the urine between the increments of calcium (hypercalciuria) and of zinc (hyperzincuria); the presence of idiopathic hypercalciuria it may be constitutes a precocious marker of the osteoporosis.
Doped organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Huseynova Gunel , Kostianovskii Vladislav
Published: March 2023

Organic semiconductors and electronic devices based on these materials continue attracting great interest due to their excellent and unique optoelectronic properties as well as the advantageous possibilities of realizing flexible, light-weight, low-cost, and transparent optoelectronic devices fabricated on ultra-thin and solution-processible active layers. However, their poor electronic performance and unstable operation under ambient conditions limit their application in consumer electronics. This paper presents a brief introduction to doping of organic semiconductors and organic field-effect transistors. The description of the issues regarding charge carrier transport and other optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors is also provided. The doping agents and methods commonly applied for organic semiconductors along with their fundamental mechanisms are introduced.
Model description of grain boundary diffusion processes in nano- and microcrystalline solid systems
Authors: AL Petelin , AA Novikov , IV Apykhtina
Published: March 2023

The simple model of grain and phase boundaries diffusion into polycrystalline solid system with nano- and micro grain dimensions is proposed. There are considered different types of diffusion regimes which are realized by definite correlations between volume and grain boundary diffusion lengths and average grain sizes. The study shows the temperature regimes where the diffusion along triple junctions is the control stage of structural processes in metal materials. Keywords: metal materials, solid polycrystalline, diffusion, nano, polycrystalline
Proximate analysis and mineral composition of Pimentaracemosavar. racemosafruits collected from Táchira state, Venezuela
Authors: Billmary Zuleyma Contreras-Moreno , VeraJanne Rojas , César Izaguirre , Lucero Méndez , Rubén Gómez , Teresa Celis María , Berta Santiago
Published: March 2023

Pimentaracemosavar.racemosa(Myrtaceae) is a Caribbean arboreal plant known as Bay rum, with a special interest for the cosmetics industry, due to its essential oil. In present study, proximate composition and mineral content of Bay rum fruits was analyzed and results compared to the USDA (2012),1 through the nutrient database for Pimentadioicafruits. The results of bromatologic test of Bay rum revealed a high content of crude fiber (39.46%) and ashes (18.58%). Furthermore, minerals such as potassium (K) and zinc (Zn), found in ashes by using ICP-AES, revealed a higher content of these (6.6 and 1.1 times, respectively), comparing to P. dioica. Bay rum fruits might be considered as possible source of Zn and K for human and animal consumption. Additionally, the high crude fiber content might contribute to blood sugar levels regulation and also to reduce developing gastrointestinal diseases such as colon cancer. Keywords: Pimentaracemosa, fruits, proximate analysis, minerals, potassium, zinc
A new methodology to assess the EU resilience to materials supply along the value chain: case of lithium for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles
Authors: Blagoeva Darina , Marmier Alain , Alves Dias Patricia , C Pavel Claudiu
Published: March 2023

Implementation of recent EU policy measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in combination with a large adoption of low-carbon technologies is acknowledged to drive an increasing demand for certain materials. Some of these materials are largely produced outside the EU and are flagged as critical in different studies. This paper presents a new and comprehensive methodology to determine the EU resilience to supply of materials used in major low-carbon technologies. It assesses the security of supply across the materials value chain by adopting specific indicators related to upstream and downstream production stages. A case study, i.e. lithium in the context of rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles, demonstrates the applicability of the methodology. While the overall issue of lithium availability for electric vehicle batteries is known, an integrated analysis at EU level based on the latest technological/market developments is however not available. This paper reveals that the EU resilience to the roll-out of EV will decrease by 2030 unless specific mitigation measures are undertaken at EU level. Such measures include recycling of waste Li-ion batteries, increasing the production of raw lithium, processed materials and cells/batteries in the EU as well as diversification of the supply of lithium and/or cells/batteries from third countries. Keywords: raw material, resilience, criticality, lithium, battery, electric vehicle, supply chain
Internal combustion engine performance of 125 cubic centimeters single-cylindrical two-time when implementing a programmable computerized fuel electronic injection system for karting competition
Authors: Erazo Laverde Germán , Galarza Noroña Jorge Raúl , Gallo Vera Steven Orlando , Quiroz Leonidas , Quiroz José
Published: March 2023

In motorsport there are many disciplines, karting is one of the variants. It is regarded as the school of great pilots. In this activity it is required to implement technological advances. The adaptation and implementation of the electronic fuel injection control system to the two-time single-cylinder internal combustion engine of 125 cubic centimeters of carburetor displacement is presented, to be used in Karting competencies, to raise its characteristic mechanical parameters such as: torque, effective power, fuel consumption optimization, by properly configuring and calibrating the programmable computerized electronic system, by adjusting the injection and ignition time. The results are validated through the development of measurement tests on the engine dynamometer, track speed (kartódrome), with mathematical analysis, which confirms the feasibility of performing mechanical-electronic truffles and adaptations and software settings that can be implemented in this type of automotive units, which mark an interesting technological novelty.
A short review on the renewable energy resources and development of the solar house
Authors: Mamun AI Mahmud Al , Hasan Md Rakibul , Samoy Hazra Salmond , Rana Md Anik , Sharmin Mahfuza , Kabir Md Enamul , Hassan Md Kamrul , Hossain Rasel
Published: March 2023

With the increasing population and standard of living, the energy demand is increasing. But the non-renewable resources are decreasing with the increasing demand for energy. So, we should focus on renewable energy resources. According to the report of REN21 in 2019, 73.8%of electricity is generated from non-renewable energy resources, and only 26.2%of electricity is generated from renewable energy resources where 15.8% is from Hydropower, 5.5% from Wind Power, 2.4% from solar PV (Photovoltaics), 2.2% from Bio-power and 0.4% from Geothermal, CSP and Ocean power. In this paper, we review the major renewable energy resources to determine effective and usable renewable resources. We especially focus on hydropower, wind power, and solar power, because those are the most used renewable resources at present. And finally, we develop a solar house system. To implement the solar house system, we used a solar array, a battery array, charge controller, inverter, and loads.
Optimal siting of a nuclear power station in Nigeria using fuzzy grey relational analysis
Authors: David Samuel Olusegun , Emagbetere Eyere , A Oghenekowho Peter , Orobome Larry Agberegha , Alexander Akene , Aghogho Bright Edward , Emovon Ikuobase
Published: March 2023

One of the primary causes of Nigeria's underdevelopment is a lack of electricity to power the country's industries. Rather than relying solely on fossil fuels to generate electricity in Nigeria, a variety of other sources, such as nuclear energy, must be considered. A Nuclear Power Plant's (NPP) location is a critical step in its development. This paper thus presents a methodology for resolving the issue of NPP site selection. For this project, the fuzzy Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method was chosen. To assess the feasibility of the approach, one of Nigeria's six south-south states was chosen as the location of a hypothetical nuclear power plant. According to the findings, the NPP would be best located in Delta State, which had the highest gray relational grade of 0.7897.
Pulmonary nodules, is there any pathogenesis evidence?
Authors: Lu Da Yong , Wu Hong Ying
Published: March 2023

Theory and treatment of pulmonary nodules is under-investigated in the clinic. Diagnostic and therapeutic norm is waiting for updating. This editorial highlights the pathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary nodes is.
Publikasi Identitas Pasien Covid-19 dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana
Authors: Afifah Wiwik , Raissa Amanda , Sukendar Astria Yuli Satyarini
Published: March 2023

AbstrakRahasia adalah suatu hal yang dijaga dan tidak boleh diketahui banyak orang dengan adanya maksud tertentu. Rahasia juga dapat berkaitan dengan kondisi maupun rekam medis dari seseorang yang sedang sakit ataupun telah berkonsultasi dengan tenaga kesehatan terkait kesehatannya. Hal terkait rahasia identitas dan juga kesehatan pasien ini merupakan suatu aturan yang berkaitan erat dengan kode etik dokter, tenaga kesehatan dan juga rumah sakit yang di dalamnya mengatur tentang setiap dokter, tenaga kesehatan dan juga rumah sakit untuk menghargai Hak Asasi dari pasien terkait identitas dari pasien tersebut. Dalam keadaan pandemi virus covid-19 seperti saat ini, identitas pasien yang menjadi rahasia sedikit banyak mulai terekspos kepada publik, dimana identitas tersebut biasanya dibuka oleh masyarakat dan kemudian disebarluaskan kepada semua orang di sekitar masyarakat sebagai salah satu cara dan juga bentuk antisipasi dari masyarakat dalam menghalau penyebaran virus dari pasien yang sudah positif terinfeksi maupun dicurigai terinfeksi dari virus Covid-19 tersbut. Oleh karena itu penulis akan melakukan penelitian terkait adanya publikasi identitas pasien Covid-19 oleh masyarakat yang akan ditinjau dari perspektif hukum pidana. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian normatif yang dimana penulis akan mengkaji dari peraturan perundang-undangan terkait. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah data pasien dapat dibuka oleh pasien dan erintah pengadilan atau sesuai dengan kebutuhan medis. Dalam hal penyebaran data identitas dan rekam media oleh masyarakat dapat dikenakan pidana dan bagi tenaga kesehatan yang tidak dapat menjaga kerahsiaan data pasien akan dikenakan sanksi administrative.Kata Kunci: Publikasi; Identias; Pasien, Masyarakat
Filsafat Hukum Sosiologis (Sosiological Jurisprudence); Konsep dan Aktualisasinya Dalam Hukum Indonesia
Authors: Rahmatullah Indra
Published: March 2023

Critical Legal Studies (CLS) is an alternative thought in legal philosophy that can provide a different view of the law. The hallmark of this thinking is that it does not take the laws made by the state taken for granted before the process of critical reasoning struggles against its legal substance. There is a situation of distrust and concern that the laws made by the state cannot bring justice because the process goes through a tug-of-war struggle for political and economic interests, causing the legal product to be vulnerable to imperfections. Neutrality, and impartiality are the keywords that become indicators to purify the law. Therefore, CLS strives to always open the veil of power relations and economic relations which always interfere with the law with its own struggle and logic.
Analisa Hubungan Bilateral Pakistan-Afghanistan Pasca Pemerintahan Taliban
Authors: Nurdin Ikhsan None , Aldiniansyah Muslich Ananda Maulana , Salsabila Syahdani None
Published: March 2023

Artikel ini membahas tentang perkembangan hubungan bilateral Pakistan dengan Afghanistan setelah pemerintahan Taliban. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan hubungan bilateral antara kedua negara tersebut berjalan lancar atau membaik seiring dengan berjalannya waktu, entah itu dari perkembangan ekonomi maupun sosial politik kedua belah negara tersebut. Pakistan mendukung dalam pembangunan pemerintahan dan kekuasaan Taliban di Afghanistan akantetapi mereka juga membuat kebijakan tersendiri untuk menyikapi hal tersebut. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan cara pengambilan sumber sumber dari berbagai jurnal dan penelitian sebelumnya, yang memiliki hasil akhir yaitu bahwasannya hubungan bilateral antara kedua negara tersebut pasca pemerintahan Taliban memiliki beberapa kemajuan di berbagai bidang sehingga faktor tersebut dapat meningkatkan perkembangan di negara Afghanistan itu sendiri. Kata Kunci : Hubungan Bilateral, Pemerintahan Taliban, Pakistan-Afghanistan