bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expected Hard X-Ray and Soft Gamma-Ray from Supernovae
Authors: Maeda Keiichi , Terada Yukikatsu , Bamba Aya
Published: December 2014

High energy emissions from supernovae (SNe), originated from newly formed radioactive species, provide direct evidence of nucleosynthesis at SN explosions. However, observational diculties in the MeV range have so far allowed the signal detected only from the extremely nearby core-collapse SN 1987A. No solid detection has been reported for thermonuclear SNe Ia, despite the importance of the direct conrmation of the formation of 56Ni, which is believed to be a key ingredient in their nature as distance indicators. In this paper, we show that the new generation hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray instruments, on board Astro-H and NuStar, are capable of detecting the signal, at least at a pace of once in a few years, opening up this new window for studying SN explosion and nucleosynthesis.
Electron Acceleration in Supernovae and Millimeter Perspectives
Authors: Maeda Keiichi
Published: December 2014

Supernovae launch a strong shock wave by the interaction of the expanding ejecta and surrounding circumstellar matter (CSM). At the shock, electrons are accelerated to relativistic speed, creating observed synchrotron emissions in radio wavelengths. In this paper, I suggest that SNe (i.e., < 1 year since the explosion) provide a unique site to study the electron acceleration mechanism. I argue that the eciency of the acceleration at the young SN shock is much lower than conventionally assumed, and that the electrons emitting in the cm wavelengths are not fully in the Diffusive Shock Acceleration (DSA) regime. Thus radio emissions from young SNe record information on the yet-unresolved 'injection' mechanism. I also present perspectives of millimeter (mm) observations of SNe - this will provide opportunities to uniquely determine the shock physics and the acceleration efficiency, to test the non-linear DSA mechanism and provide a characteristic electron energy scale with which the DSA start dominating the electron acceleration.
The Galactic Center Region Imaged by VERITAS from 2010{2012
Authors: Beilicke Matthias
Published: December 2014

The galactic center has long been a region of interest for high-energy and very-high-energy observations. Many potential sources of GeV/TeV gamma-ray emission are located in this region, e.g. the accretion of matter onto the central black hole, cosmic rays from a nearby shell-type supernova remnant, or the annihilation of dark matter. The galactic center has been detected at MeV/GeV energies by EGRET and recently by Fermi/LAT. At TeV energies, the galactic center was detected at the level of 4 standard deviations with the Whipple 10m telescope and with one order of magnitude better sensitivity by H.E.S.S. and MAGIC. We present the results from 3 years of VERITAS galactic center observations conducted at large zenith angles. The results are compared to astrophysical models.
Testing f(R)-Theories by Binary Pulsars
Authors: De Laurentis Mariafelicia , De Martino Ivan
Published: December 2014

Using the Post-Keplerian parameters to obtain, in the Minkowskian limit we obtain constraints on f(R)-theories of gravity from the first time derivative of the orbital period of a sample of binary stars. In the approximation in which the theory is Taylor expandable, we can estimate the parameters of an an analytic f(R)-theory, and fullling the gap between the General Relativity prediction and the one cames from observation, we show that the theory is not ruled out.
Probing Gravitational Theories with Eccentric Eclipsing Detached Binary Stars
Authors: Milano Leopoldo , De Rosa Rosario , De Laurentis Mariafelicia , Garufi Fabio
Published: December 2014

In this paper, we compare the effects of different theories of gravitation on the apsidal motion of eccentric eclipsing detached binary stars. The comparison is performed by using the formalism of the post-Newtonian parametrization to calculate the theoretical advance at periastron and compare it to the observed one, after having considered the effects of the structure and rotation of the involved stars. A variance analysis on the results of this comparison shows that no signicant difference can be found due to the effect of the different theories under test with respect to the standard general relativity (GR). It will be possible to observe differences, as we would expect, by checking the observed period variation on a much larger lapse of time.
First Hints of Pressure Waves in a Helical Extragalactic Jet: S5 0836+710
Authors: Perucho Manel
Published: December 2014

One of the open questions in extragalactic jet Astrophysics is related to the nature of the observed radio jet, namely whether it traces a pattern or the flow structure itself. In this paper I summarize the evidence collected for the presence of waves in extragalactic jets. The evidence points towards the peak of emission in helical jets corresponding to pressure-maxima of a wave that is generated within the core region and propagates downstream. Making use of a number of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the radio jet in the quasar S5 0836+710 at dierent frequencies and epochs, Perucho et al. (2012a) were able to observe wave-like behavior within the observed radio-jet. The ridge-line of the emission in the jet coincides within the errors at all frequencies. Moreover, small differences between epochs at 15 GHz reveal wave-like motion of the ridge-line transversal to the jet propagation axis. The authors conclude that the helicity is a real, physical structure. I report here on those results and discuss them in the light of new results recently announced by other authors that confirm the presence of waves in the close-by object BL Lac (Cohen et al., in preparation).
HAVmS: Highly Available Virtual Machine Computer System Fault Tolerant with Automatic Failback and Close to Zero Downtime
Authors: Federici Memmo , Gaibisso Carlo , Martino Bruno L.
Published: December 2014

In scientic computing, systems often manage computations that require continuous acquisition of of satellite data and the management of large databases, as well as the execution of analysis software and simulation models (e.g. Monte Carlo or molecular dynamics cell simulations) which may require several weeks of continuous run. These systems, consequently, should ensure the continuity of operation even in case of serious faults. HAVmS (High Availability Virtual machine System) is a highly available, "fault tolerant" system with zero downtime in case of fault. It is based on the use of Virtual Machines and implemented by two servers with similar characteristics. HAVmS, thanks to the developed software solutions, is unique in its kind since it automatically failbacks once faults have been fixed. The system has been designed to be used both with professional or inexpensive hardware and supports the simultaneous execution of multiple services such as: web, mail, computing and administrative services, uninterrupted computing, data base management. Finally the system is cost effective adopting exclusively open source solutions, is easily manageable and for general use.
The HiSCORE Project
Authors: Tluczykont M. , Brückner M. , Budnev N. , Chvalaev O. , Dyachok A. , Epimakhov S. , Gress O. , Hampf D. , Horns D. , Ivanova A. , Kalmykov N. , Konstantinov E. , Korosteleva E. , Kozin V. , Kunnas M. , Kuzmichev L. , Lubsandorzhiev B. , Mirgazov R. , Monkhoev R. , Nachtigall R. , Panasyuk M. , Pakhorukov A. , Poleschuk V. , Porelli A. , Prosin V. , Ptuskin V. , Rubtsov G. I. , Satunin P. S. , Semeney Yu. , Spitschan D. , Skukhin A. , Sveshnikova L. , Wischnewski R. , Zagorodnikov A. , Zirakashvili V.
Published: December 2014

A central question of Astroparticle Physics, the origin of cosmic rays, still remains unsolved. HiSCORE (Hundred*i Square-km Cosmic ORigin Explorer) is a concept for a large-area wide-angle non-imaging air shower detector, addressing this question by searching for cosmic ray pevatrons in the energy range from 10TeV to few PeV and cosmic rays in the energy range above 100TeV. In the framework of the Tunka-HiSCORE project, first prototypes have been deployed on the site of the Tunka-133 experiment, where we plan to install an engineering array covering an area of the order of 1km2. On the same site, also imaging and particle detectors are planned, potentially allowing a future hybrid detector system. Here we present the HiSCORE detector principle, its potential for cosmic ray origin search and the status of ongoing activities in the framework of the Tunka-HiSCORE experiment.
Soft X-Ray Polarimeter: Potential Instrumentation and Observations
Authors: Marshall Herman L. , Schulz Norbert S.
Published: December 2014

We present an instrument design capable of measuring linear X-ray polarization over a broad-band using conventional spectroscopic optics. A set of multilayer-coated flats reflects the dispersed X-rays to the instrument detectors. The intensity variation with position angle is measured to determine three Stokes parameters: I, Q, and U - all as a function of energy. By laterally grading the multilayer optics and matching the dispersion of the gratings, one may take advantage of high multilayer reflectivities and achieve modulation factors >90% over the entire 0.2 to 0.8 keV band. This instrument could be used in a small suborbital mission or adapted for use in an orbiting satellite to complement measurements at high energies. We present progress on laboratory work to demonstrate the capabilities of key components.
US Astronomical Photographic Data Archives: Hidden Treasures and Importance for High-Energy Astrophysics
Authors: Hudec René , Hudec Lukáš
Published: December 2014

We report here on an ongoing investigation of US astronomical plate archives and tests of the suitability of transportable scanning devices for in situ digitization of archival astronomical plates, with emphasis on application in high-energy astrophysics.
Action Research and Social Movement
Authors: Kemmis Stephen
Published: December 2014

Large-scale policy research on topics of concern to teachers may assist in changing educational theory, policy and practice, as may educational action research. This article discusses different traditions of action research in relation to their views about the connection of research and social movement, touching on the so-called "macro-micro" problem which bedevils conceptualizations of this relationship.
Why Production Function Analysis is Irrelevant in Policy Deliberations Concerning Educational Funding Equity
Authors: Fortune Jim C.
Published: December 2014

Hanushek and Walberg use production function methodology to contend that there is no relationship between school expenditures and student achievement. Production function methodology uses correlational methods to demonstrate relationships between input and output in an economic system. These correlational methods may serve to hide rather than reveal these relationships. In this paper threats to the validity of these correlational methods for analysis of expenditure-achievement data are discussed and an alternative method of investigation is proposed. The proposed method is illustrated using data from two states (Ohio and Missouri). The method demonstrates relationships between expenditures and achievement that were overlooked by the production function method.
Anti-Intellectualism in U.S. Schools
Authors: Howley Aimee , Pendarvis Edwina D. , Howley Craig B.
Published: December 2014

In this essay we present an argument about the relationship between schools' intellectual mission and their role in advancing social justice. In providing an argument of this sort, we claim neither to present a comprehensive review of literature nor to analyze specific educational policies. Rather, we bring together findings about certain features of schools in the United States that we believe contribute to their anti-intellectualism. This examination allows us to tell a story about schools that we think needs to be told; and it also elaborates a frame of reference from which to reconsider schools' mission and practice. Reframing these bases of schooling may be a necessary prelude to educational policies that promote both intellectual and egalitarian outcomes.
Student work and nursing student's performance during study
Authors: Kalender Smajlović Sedina , Kadivec Saša , Skela-Savič Brigita
Published: December 2014

Introduction: According to different studies, student work has both positive and negative effects on the academic performance of nursing students. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of student work based on a sample of Slovenian nursing students. Methods: The method of non-experimental quantitative research with a sampling survey was used. 432 nursing students participated. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by internal consistency analysis (from 0.608 to 0.753) and factor analysis. The data were collected in October and November 2012. Descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, correlation analysis and ANOVA were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Students of four higher education institutions did not provide statistically significant differences in the assessment of their financial status (p = 0.189). The number of hours of student work does not statistically correlate (p = 0.776) with the time for studying. The monthly total of the hours of student work revealed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001), with students at higher education institution A stating the least hours of student work (x = 19.9), and students at higher education institution B stating the greatest amount of student work (x = 48.5). Discussion and conclusion: The monthly amount of hours of student work does not affect students’ academic performance. Students opt for student work because they wish to acquire clinical experience, clinical practice, meet potential employers and improve their employment prospects after graduation.
Organizational model of ensuring safety and quality of treatment of aggressive psychiatric patients in mental health nursing in Slovenia
Authors: Gabrovec Branko , Lobnikar Branko
Published: December 2014

Introduction: The paper presents the organizational measures for managing violence in psychiatric settings and the study that introduces the preliminary success rate of the proposed model.
Methods: For the purpose of this study a non-experimental sampling method was employed using a structured questionnaire as a data collection instrument. The sample covered the personnel most frequently exposed to violence namely, the nursing staff in closed and/or intensive psychiatric units in 5 Slovenian psychiatric hospitals, 3 psychiatric homes and 2 special education, and work and care centres. The data were statistically analysed with the SPSS v20 software package, with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance.
Results: The practical part of the functional training was conducted between 2010 and 2013 in specific psychiatric hospitals and wards. In a study carried out in 2013, preliminary results indicating the success rate of the proposed model were obtained.
Discussion and conclusions: Health care workers in psychiatry are responsible for providing safe and high quality treatment even in cases of aggressive outbursts, but they lack the necessary functional knowledge to cope with aggression in the workplace. The paper presents an organizational model for ensuring the safety of the patients and the quality of their treatment in case of an aggressive outburst, along with the presentation of the required functional training.
Immunodeficiencies with hypergammaglobulinemia: a review
Authors: Upton Julia
Published: December 2014

Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) can present with recurrent infections, autoimmunity, inflammation, or malignancy and each of these conditions can be associated with elevated immunoglobulin. A high level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is an uncommon finding, especially in pediatrics, and does not rule out primary immunodeficiency. Deficiencies in varied aspects of immune response have been described with high IgG. Reported PID conditions with elevated IgG include defects in humoral, cellular, and innate immunity. Some of these immunodeficiencies can have fatal outcomes, some require hematopoetic stem cell transplantation, and some require systemic medications. The mechanisms driving elevated IgG are not well understood, but in some cases abnormal cytokine production has been proposed. The evaluation of a patient with high IgG is guided by the patient's history and a physical examination, with special attention to autoimmunity in pediatrics and malignancy and liver disease in adults. In the setting of autoimmunity, chronic gastrointestinal disease, or chronic infections, the measurement of specific antibodies to evaluate the function of the IgG should be considered. An increased appreciation of elevation in IgG reflecting immune dysregulation may lead to earlier PID diagnoses.
Post-target produced [18F]F2 in the production of PET radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Forsback Sarita , Solin Olof
Published: December 2014

Electrophilic radiofluorination was successfully carried out in the early years of PET radiochemistry due to its ease and fast reaction
speed. However, at the present, the use of electrophilic methods is limited due to low specific activity (SA). Post-target produced
[18F]F2 has significantly higher SA compared to other electrophilic approaches, and it has been used in the production of
clinical PET radiopharmaceuticals at the Turku PET Centre for years. Here, we summarize the synthesis and use of these
radiopharmaceuticals, namely [18F]FDOPA, [18F] CFT, [18F]EF5 and [18F]FBPA.
Storing Energy in the Mechanical Domain
Authors: Súchil O.G. , Abadal G. , Torres F.
Published: December 2014

Self-powered microsystems as an alternative to standard systems powered by electrochemical batteries are taking a growing interest. In this work, we propose a different method to store the energy harvested from the ambient which is performed in the mechanical domain. Our mechanical storage concept is based on a spring which is loaded by the force associated to the energy source to be harvested [1]. The approach is based on pressing an array of fine wires (fws) grown vertically on a substrate surface. For the fine wires based battery, we have chosen ZnO fine wires due the fact that they could be grown using a simple and cheap process named hydrothermal method [2]. We have reported previous experiments changing temperature and initial pH of the solution in order to determine the best growth [3]. From new experiments done varying the compounds concentration the best results of fine wires were obtained. To characterize these fine wires we have considered that the maximum load we can apply to the system is limited by the linear buckling of the fine wires. From the best results we obtained a critical strain of εc = 3.72 % and a strain energy density of U = 11.26 MJ/m3, for a pinned-fixed configuration [4].
Integrated sorting and detection of circulating tumor cells in blood using microfluidic cell sorting and surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Holt Joshua S. , Mendoza Alvaro , Lawrence David , Cady Nathaniel C.
Published: December 2014

Metastatic tumors can spread via release of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) into the bloodstream. Early detection of these CTCs could greatly improve cancer survival rates by enabling diagnosis, and therefore treatment, before secondary tumors arise. However, tumor cells are typically present in very low concentrations, making them difficult to detect in a fluid dominated by red blood cells (RBCs), leukocytes and serum proteins. Separation of CTCs from blood plasma, leukocytes and RBCs is predicted to improve cell capture via antibody-based methods and reduce interference in capture/detection assays. Previously, members of our team have demonstrated microfluidic, size-based separation of blood components, but have yet to integrate this sorting capability with an affinity-based detection technology. To this end, we have developed a microfluidic platform to separate CTCs from mouse blood and detect them using grating coupled surface plasmon resonance (GCSPR). We have implemented a size-based sorting array, which separates objects based upon their diameter, within a microfluidic channel. Separation of beads (2 μm, 6 μm, 10 μm) has been demonstrated, as well as separation of white blood cells and CTCs from blood. The resulting stream of large blood cells (including CTCs) is then directed onto an integrated SPR grating for affinity based capture and detection. Using GCSPR vs. conventional SPR enables detection of multiple cell types across the grating in an array-based format. We have demonstrated differential capture and detection of cells on GCSPR gratings following size-based separation of blood. Using capture antibodies specific to unique CTC surface proteins enables identification of cell types and may provide prognostic capability, beyond the diagnostic capacity of this system.
A neurological bias in the history of hysteria: from the womb to the nervous system and Charcot
Authors: da Mota Gomes Marleide , Engelhardt Eliasz
Published: December 2014

Hysteria conceptions, from ancient Egypt until the 19th century Parisian hospital based studies, are presented from gynaecological and demonological theories to neurological ones. The hysteria protean behavioral disorders based on nervous origin was proposed at the beginning, mainly in Great Britain, by the “enlightenment nerve doctors”. The following personages are highlighted: Galen, William, Sydenham, Cullen, Briquet, and Charcot with his School. Charcot who had hysteria and hypnotism probably as his most important long term work, developed his conceptions, initially, based on the same methodology he applied to studies of other neurological disorder. Some of his associates followed him in his hysteria theories, mainly Paul Richer and Gilles de La Tourette who produced, with the master's support, expressive books on Salpêtrière School view on hysteria.
Aura-like features and photophobia in sightless migraine patients
Authors: Silva Greice Cardoso de Carvalho , Góes Cristiana Pessoa de Queiroz Faria , Vincent Maurice Borges
Published: December 2014

Migraine is a central nervous system disorder frequently expressed with paroxysmal visual dysfunctions. Objective To test the hypothesis that normal visual input is vital for the migrainous aura and photophobia. Method We studied the migraine-related visual disturbances in 8 sightless migraineurs identified among 200 visually impaired subjects. Results The main findings were the visual aura and photophobia disappearance along with blindness development, the oddness of aura – too short, colourful (e.g. blue or fire-like), auditory in nature or different in shape (round forms) – and the lack of photophobia. Conclusion We propose that the aura duration should be accepted as shorter in visually impaired subjects. The changes in aura phenotype observed in our patients may be the result of both cerebral plasticity induced by the visual impairment and/or the lack of visual input per se. Integrity of visual pathways plays a key role in migraine visual aura and photophobia.
Validação das diretrizes gerais de comunicação do enfermeiro com o cego
Authors: Pagliuca Lorita Marlena Freitag , Macêdo-Costa Kátia Nêyla de Freitas , Rebouças Cristiana Brasil de Almeida , Almeida Paulo César de , Sampaio Antonia Ferreira Alves
Published: December 2014

Objetivou-se validar as diretrizes gerais da comunicação do enfermeiro com o cego. Estudo quantitativo, realizado entre abril de 2008 e março de 2009 em Fortaleza-CE. Participaram 30 enfermeiros e 30 cegos divididos em grupo controle e experimental. Realizaram-se 30 consultas de enfermagem filmadas e analisadas por especialistas. O grupo experimental apresentou desempenho bom e excelente em todas as diretrizes para a comunicação verbal e não verbal com o cego, contrariamente ao grupo controle. Os resultados do estudo apontam para a urgência da adoção do ensino destas diretrizes gerais de comunicação com cegos nos cursos de enfermagem, além de capacitar enfermeiros no cuidado a pessoas cegas.
Idosos em situação de rua ou vulnerabilidade social: facilidades e dificuldades no uso de ferramentas computacionais
Authors: Frias Marcos Antonio da Eira , Peres Heloisa Helena Ciqueto , Pereira Valclei Aparecida Gandolpho , Negreiros Maria Célia de , Paranhos Wana Yeda , Leite Maria Madalena Januário
Published: December 2014

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar as facilidades e dificuldades encontradas por idosos em situação de rua ou vulnerabilidade social, no uso do computador ou internet. É uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratório, de que participaram cinco idosos assistidos em uma Organização não Governamental situada na cidade de São Paulo. Os discursos foram analisados pela Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo e evidenciaram como facilidades, dentre outras, esclarecer dúvidas com os monitores, o estímulo para novas descobertas aliada a proatividade e curiosidade, desenvolvimento de novas habilidades. As dificuldades estavam relacionadas a questões físicas ou cognitivas, à falta de instrutor e de conhecimento para interagir com a máquina. Os estudos voltados para a população idosa em situação de rua ou vulnerabilidade social podem contribuir com evidências que direcionem a formulação de políticas públicas voltadas para essa parcela da população.
Instituição de longa permanência para idosos: um lugar de cuidado para quem não tem opção?
Authors: Oliveira Janine Melo de , Rozendo Célia Alves
Published: December 2014

Pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa, com abordagem compreensiva, que teve por objetivo compreender o significado da instituição de longa permanência para idosos institucionalizados. Os dados foram coletados com 13 idosos institucionalizados, no período de 5 de abril a 25 de maio de 2013 por meio da entrevista narrativa, e submetidos a análise de conteúdo, na modalidade de análise temática. Os resultados indicam que ser idoso institucionalizado significa ter suas necessidades de cuidado atendidas, no que concerne a suas necessidades básicas; ao acesso a serviços e recursos de saúde, e a ter um lugar onde possam envelhecer e morrer. O estudo permitiu concluir que a instituição aparece como um lugar ambíguo para os idosos, pois ao mesmo tempo em que os acolhe, abriga e atende suas necessidades, é um ambiente que inviabiliza a vida independente e autônoma.
Future burden of prostate cancer mortality in Brazil: a population-based study
Authors: Jerez-Roig Javier , Souza Dyego L. B. , Medeiros Pablo F. M. , Barbosa Isabelle R. , Curado Maria P. , Costa Iris C. C. , Lima Kenio Costa
Published: December 2014

Prostate cancer mortality projections at the nationwide and regional levels to the year 2025 are carried out in this ecological study that is based on an analysis of Brazilian trends between 1996 and 2010. The predictions were made for the period 2011-2025 utilizing the Nordpred program based on the period of 1996-2010, using the age-period-cohort model. A significant increase was observed in the Brazilian rates between 1996 and 2006, followed by a non-significant decrease. The projections indicate a decrease in rates at a national level as well as for the Central, South and Southeast regions. Increases are expected for the North and Northeast regions. In conclusion, a reduction in the mortality rates for prostate cancer in Brazil is expected to the year 2025, as well as for the Central, South and Southeast regions. However, an increase in the absolute number of deaths in all regions is expected due to the anticipated aging of the population.
Melhoria da qualidade das informações sobre tuberculose a partir do relacionamento entre bases de dados
Authors: Bartholomay Patricia , Oliveira Gisele Pinto de , Pinheiro Rejane Sobrino , Vasconcelos Ana Maria Nogales
Published: December 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a melhoria da qualidade das informações sobre a tuberculose (TB), após a vinculação de registros e a correção do encerramento por meio do linkage probabilístico do Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) com o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Para a vinculação de registros foi realizado o linkage entre os registros do SINAN do Brasil, anos 2008 e 2009, com o objetivo de excluir as notificações não removidas pelas rotinas do SINAN realizadas por estados e municípios. As bases de dados foram construídas de acordo com o desfecho dos casos. Para o linkage entre SINAN e SIM foi utilizada a base de dados que resultou da vinculação de registros e os registros do SIM que mencionaram TB como causa básica ou associada, entre 2008 e 2010, no Brasil. A vinculação de registros diminuiu o percentual de casos novos com encerramento por transferência, com variação de 34,8% em 2008 e 35,5% em 2009. Após o linkage entre SINAN e SIM, o percentual de óbito por TB aumentou, com variação em torno de 15%. Os resultados descrevem uma situação de alerta no que se refere à qualidade dos dados de desfecho de tratamento de TB no SINAN.
Óbitos infantis evitáveis nas coortes de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grandedo Sul, Brasil, de 1993 e 2004
Authors: Santos Iná S. , Matijasevich Alicia , Gorgot Luís Ramon M. R. , Valle Neiva C. J. , Menezes Ana M.
Published: December 2014

Comparou-se a mortalidade infantil por causas evitáveis (óbitos reduzíveis por ações de imunoprevenção; por adequada atenção à mulher na gestação e parto e ao recém-nascido; por ações adequadas de diagnóstico e tratamento; e por ações adequadas de promoção à saúde vinculadas às ações adequadas de atenção à saúde) nas coortes de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 1993 e 2004. Os óbitos foram monitorizados mediante visitas aos hospitais, cartórios, cemitérios, Delegacia Regional de Saúde e rastreio à base de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) do Rio Grande do Sul. Na coorte de 1993, houve 5.249 nascidos vivos e 111 óbitos infantis; na de 2004, 4.231 nascidos vivos e 82 óbitos infantis. O coeficiente de mortalidade infantil evitável foi 15,2:1.000 nascidos vivos em 1993 e 15,4 em 2004. Os coeficientes de mortalidades neonatal e pós-neonatal evitáveis foram, respectivamente, 11,2 e 4,0 em 1993 e 10,9 e 4,5 em 2004. Estratégias que visem à prevenção da prematuridade poderão ajudar a reduzir a mortalidade infantil em nosso meio.
Screening de trastornos de estrés postraumático en población afectada por el terremoto chileno de 2010
Authors: Abeldaño Roberto Ariel , Fernández Alicia Ruth , Estario Juan Carlos , Enders Julio Enrique , Neira María Josefina López de
Published: December 2014

Se analizó un screening de trastornos de estrés postraumático en habitantes chilenos, como consecuencia del terremoto de febrero de 2010; a partir de una Encuesta Post Terremoto con una muestra multietápica de 24.982 personas mayores de 18 años, a quienes se aplicó la Escala de Trauma de Davidson. La prevalencia de screening positivo para los trastornos de estrés postraumático fue del 11% en el país, pero a menor nivel de desagregación llegaron a observarse prevalencias del 30%. El modelo de regresión logística para la estimación de la variable trastornos de estrés postraumático identificó como factores de riesgo el hecho de pertenecer un hogar pobre, haber sufrido daños en la vivienda, haber tenido algún problema de salud en el último mes y ser mujer (p<0,05). También se encontró que el afrontamiento del sismo en familia resultó como un factor protector, en relación a afrontarlo con otros colectivos sociales (vecinos), la mayor cantidad de años de educación formal también fue identificada como un factor de protección (p<0,05). Se observaron claras desigualdades sociales en las personas que presentaron un screening positivo.
Self-efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between subjective well-being and general health of military cadets
Authors: Souza Luciane Albuquerque Sá de , Torres Ana Raquel Rosas , Barbosa Genário Alves , Lima Tiago Jessé Souza de , Souza Luana Elayne Cunha de
Published: December 2014

The objective of this study is to investigate the role of self-efficacy beliefs as a mediator of the relationship between the subjective well-being and general health of military cadets (police and firefighters). For this study, 228 cadets participated, the majority being Military Police officer candidates (65%), male (79%), between 17 and 34 years of age (99%), and unmarried (74%). They responded to questionnaires on general health (GHQ-12), perceived general self-efficacy, to the multiple scales that cover subjective well-being, and demographic questions. Initial regression analyses indicate the predictive power of subject well-being regarding general health. Subsequently, the mediation analyses provide satisfactory evidence for the role of perceived self-efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between the subjective well-being variables and the overall health of military cadets. The implications of these results for the professional training of the cadets are discussed.
Evidence-based medicine and prejudice-based medicine: the case of homeopathy
Authors: Barros Nelson Filice de , Fiuza Alessandra Rodrigues
Published: December 2014

In recent decades an important social movement related to Complementary and Alternative Medicine has been identified worldwide. In Brazil, although homeopathy was recognized as a specialist medical area in 1980, few medical schools offer courses related to it. In a previous study, 176 resident doctors at the University of Campinas Medical School were interviewed and 86 (49%) rejected homeopathy as a subject in the core medical curriculum. Thus, this qualitative study was conducted to understand their reasons for refusing. 20 residents from 15 different specialist areas were interviewed. Very few of them admitted to a lack of knowledge for making a judgment about homeopathy; none of them made a conscientious objection to it; and the majority demonstrated prejudice, affirming that there is not enough scientific evidence to support homeopathy, defending their position based on personal opinion, limited clinical practice and on information circulated in the mass media. Finally, resident doctors’ prejudices against homeopathy can be extended to practices other than allopathic medicine.
Características de gestão, funcionamento e cardápios do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar em escolas Kaingáng do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Castro Teresa Gontijo de , Matos Elaine de Lima Cordeiro , Leite Maurício Soares , Conde Wolney Lisboa , Schuch Ilaine , Veiga Juracilda , Zuchinali Priccila , Barufaldi Laura Augusta , Dutra Carmem Lúcia Centeno
Published: December 2014

Há poucos estudos sobre o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) em escolas indígenas no país. O objetivo do presente artigo é descrever características de funcionamento, gestão e cardápios do PNAE de todas as 35 escolas Kaingáng do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em estudo transversal, as informações do PNAE foram recolhidas por meio de questionários aplicados a cada Coordenadoria Regional de Educação (CRE) e às escolas. Foram obtidos os cardápios sugeridos pelas CREs às escolas. Não existia o Núcleo de Educação Indígena nas CREs. Todos os vice-diretores eram indígenas, 26 escolas (74,6%) tinham gestão escolarizada e 34 escolas (97,1%) compravam alimentos de mercados próximos. A maioria das merendeiras (62,9%) tinha contrato de trabalho temporário e 65,7% eram indígenas. Observou-se baixa oferta de verduras/legumes e de leite e derivados em cerca de 60% dos cardápios, o mesmo ocorrendo com leguminosas e frutas em cerca de 80% destes. Aponta-se a necessidade de mais estudos sobre o PNAE indígena e pretende-se subsidiar políticas públicas de saúde, alimentação e nutrição para o espaço escolar indígena nacional.
Expression of Glucose Transporters 1 and 3 in Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Lower Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Demeda Clarissa Favero , Carvalho Cyntia Helena Pereira de , Aquino Ana Rafaela Luz de , Nonaka Cassiano Francisco Weege , Souza Lélia Batista de , Pinto Leão Pereira
Published: December 2014

This study aimed to evaluate the immunoexpression of glucose transporters 1 (GLUT-1) and 3 (GLUT-3) in metastatic and non-metastatic lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC). Twenty LLSCCs with regional nodal metastasis and 20 LLSCCs without metastasis were selected. The distribution of staining and the percentage of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 staining in each tumor core and at the deep invasive front were assessed. Most tumors (70%) exhibited peripheral staining for GLUT-1 in nests, sheets and islands of neoplastic cells, whereas predominantly central staining was observed for GLUT-3 (72.5%). A high percentage of GLUT-1-positive cells was observed at the deep invasive front and in the tumor core of metastatic and non-metastatic tumors (p>0.05). The percentage of GLUT-1-positive cells was much higher than that of GLUT-3-positive cells both in the deep invasive front (p<0.001) and in the tumor core (p<0.001) of LLSCCs. No significant differences in the percentage of GLUT-1- and GLUT-3-positive cells were observed according to nodal metastasis, clinical stage or histological grade of malignancy (p>0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest an important role of GLUT-1 in glucose uptake in LLSCCs, although this protein does not seem to be involved in the progression of these tumors. On the other hand, GLUT-3 expression may represent a secondary glucose uptake mechanism in LLSCCs.
Effect of Super-Oxidized Water, Sodium Hypochlorite and EDTA on Dentin Microhardness
Authors: Ghisi Alexandre Corrêa , Kopper Patrícia Maria Poli , Baldasso Flávia E. R. , Stürmer Caroline P. , Rossi-Fedele Giampiero , Steier Liviu , Figueiredo José Antonio Poli de , Morgental Renata Dornelles , Vier-Pelisser Fabiana Vieira
Published: December 2014

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of the following irrigating solutions on the microhardness of root canal dentin: 2% sodium hypochlorite (2NaOCl), 5% sodium hypochlorite (5NaOCl), super-oxidized water (400 ppm Sterilox - Sx) and 17% EDTA (E). Eighty roots from bovine incisors were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=10): 2NaOCl, 5NaOCl, Sx, and 2NaOCl + E, 5NaOCl + E, Sx + E (associated with E as final irrigant for 5 min), E solely and distilled water (dH2O) as the negative control. Root canal preparation was performed by hand instruments, using one of the irrigation protocols for 30 min. Then, 5 mm of the cervical root third were cut out from each sample and subjected to the Vickers microhardness test, at two points, one at approximately 500-1000 µm from the root canal lumen (distance 1), and the other at approximately 500-1000 µm from the external root surface (distance 2). Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests at 5% significance level. Microhardness values at distance 1 were significantly lower than those at distance 2 for all groups, except 5NaOCl and 5NaOCl + E groups (p>0.05). EDTA showed the lowest microhardness values. However, no statistically significant difference was detected among groups at distance 1 and EDTA was significantly different only from Sx at distance 2. In conclusion, all tested solutions showed lower microhardness at the most superficial root canal dentin layer compared to the one found near the external root surface, except 5NaOCl and 5NaOCl + E; EDTA promoted lower microhardness values in comparison to Sterilox at this site.
Antimicrobial Effect and Transdentinal Diffusion of New Intracanal Formulations Containing Nitrofurantoin or Doxycycline
Authors: Silva Ana Rita , Santos Elizabete Brasil , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Gomes João Carlos , Vaz Irene Pina , Carvalho Manuel Fontes
Published: December 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the antimicrobial effect and diffusion against E. faecalis of new intracanal medications on the external root surface. The medications tested were a placebo gel (PC); the new formulations with either 3% nitrofurantoin (NIT) or 3% doxycycline hydrochloride (DX) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel as positive control. The new formulations were tested using the traditional agar diffusion test (ADT) and an adapted agar diffusion method (AADM), where the teeth were filled with the medications and left to diffuse on agar surface seeded with E. faecalis. In the ADT, the larger zones of microbial growth inhibition were seen in DX, followed by CHX and NIT. In the AADM test only DX and CHX showed antimicrobial effect. Statistically significant differences between groups were observed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (2=47.126; p<0.001). The new intracanal formulations with DX and NIT have demonstrated antimicrobial effect against E. faecalis, but only DX was able to diffuse through the dentinal tubules and exert antimicrobial effect outside the roots.
Detection of Apical Inflammatory Root Resorption Associated with Periapical Lesion Using Different Methods
Authors: Estrela Carlos , Guedes Orlando Aguirre , Rabelo Luiz Eduardo G. , Decurcio Daniel Almeida , Alencar Ana Helena G , Estrela Cyntia R.A. , Figueiredo José Antônio Poli de
Published: December 2014

The aim of this study was to detect apical inflammatory root resorption (AIRR) associated with periapical lesion using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). This clinical study evaluated AIRR in 88 root apexes, from 52 permanent teeth of 14 patients, extracted for different reasons. The patients were submitted to a clinical interview, review of dental/medical histories and clinical/imaging examinations for treatment planning. All selected teeth showed unrestorable condition because of the extensive coronal breakdown due to carious lesions, and root canal infection associated with periapical lesions. CBCT images were obtained from the patients with the aim of diagnosing the periapical diseases which showed complex or doubtful conditions. Two examiners assessed the presence or absence of AIRR. Apices were also analyzed under SEM. Chi-square test was used to compare the imaging methods for detection of AIRR. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. AIRR associated with root canal infection and apical periodontitis was found in 61.4% of the cases studied by using SEM, and at least half of the cases by CBCT. The microscopic analysis remains as a reference standard against the imaging method to identify AIRR.
Emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de Eugenia jambolana Lam. após remoção da polpa
Authors: Araújo Luciana Rodrigues de , Alves Edna Ursulino , Rodrigues Christiane Marques , Rodrigues Antonio Augusto Marques
Published: December 2014

As espécies frutíferas do gênero Eugenia têm grande potencial para recomposição ambiental, possibilitando não somente a recuperação da flora como também a atração da fauna. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes tratamentos para remoção da polpa sobre a emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de Eugenia jambolana Lam. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: fricção com areia lavada (T1), cal virgem (T2), pó de madeira (T3), degustação humana (T4), fermentação por 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas (T5, T6, T7 e T8, respectivamente) e a testemunha - fruto inteiro sem nenhum tratamento (T9). Após a remoção da polpa, as sementes foram lavadas em água corrente e submetidas à secagem em ambiente de laboratório durante 24 horas, sendo em seguida semeadas em bandejas contendo areia, utilizando-se quatro repetições de 25 sementes por tratamento. Na avaliação do efeito dos tratamentos, determinou-se o teor de água, porcentagem e índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento e massa seca de plântulas. O teor de água das sementes reduziu nos tratamentos de fricção com cal e remoção humana, sendo mais elevado na testemunha, mas todos os tratamentos promovem elevados percentuais de emergência em relação à testemunha, sendo os melhores resultados de vigor obtidos nos tratamentos de remoção humana e fermentação por 24 e 96 horas.
Propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis aglomerados madeira-bambu
Authors: Melo Rafael Rodolfo de , Stangerlin Diego Martins , Sousa Adilson Pacheco de , Cademartori Pedro Henrique Gonzalez de , Schneid Eduardo
Published: December 2014

Foram avaliadas as propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis aglomerados produzidos com diferentes proporções de madeira (Eucalyptus grandis) e bambu (Bambusa vulgaris). Os painéis foram produzidos utilizando o adesivo ureia-formaldeído com a adição de 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% de bambu. Para cada tratamento, determinaram-se as propriedades físicas (massa específica; teor de umidade; absorção de água e inchamento em espessura após 2 e 24 horas de imersão em água) e mecânicas (flexão estática; ligação interna; e arrancamento de parafusos). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o acréscimo das partículas de bambu proporcionou uma redução significativa na qualidade dos painéis para os parâmetros avaliados, apresentando uma maior absorção de água e uma menor resistência à flexão estática e ao arrancamento de parafuso.
Ajuste preciso do nível de energia na dieta de frangos de corte para controle do desempenho e da composição lipídica da carne
Authors: Ferreira Gabriela da Silva , Pinto Marcos Franke , Neto Manoel Garcia , Ponsano Elisa Helena Giglio , Gonçalves Camila Angélica , Bossolani Iderlipes Luiz Carvalho , Pereira Amanda Gomes
Published: December 2014

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar a influência da variação do nível de energia metabolizável na dieta de frangos de corte, associada a uma variação proporcional da densidade nutricional da ração, sobre o desempenho das aves e sobre a composição da fração lipídica da carne. Foram avaliados separadamente machos e fêmeas da linhagem Cobb 500. Para análise de desempenho, foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 6x3, sendo seis níveis de energia metabolizável na ração (2.800, 2.900, 3.000, 3.100, 3.200 e 3.300kcal kg-1) e três idades ao abate (42, 49 e 56 dias). Foi utilizada a metodologia de superfície de resposta para estabelecer um modelo matemático, explicando o comportamento do peso vivo, do consumo de ração e da conversão alimentar. Para a avaliação da composição da fração lipídica da carne, determinou-se o teor de lipídeos totais e de colesterol na carne do peito, na coxa com pele e na coxa sem pele, seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x3x2, sendo três níveis de energia metabolizável na ração (2.800, 3.000 e 3.300kcal kg-1 de ração), três idades ao abate (42, 49 e 56 dias) e dois sexos. A redução da energia metabolizável da ração até valores próximos de 3.000kcal kg-1 não afetou o peso vivo, mas, reduzindo a energia da ração abaixo desse valor, o peso vivo diminui. O consumo de ração foi menor quando o nível energético da ração foi mais alto. A conversão alimentar melhorou de forma proporcional ao aumento do nível energético da ração. O desempenho de todas as aves ficou dentro da faixa considerada adequada para a linhagem. A carne de peito apresentou menos lipídeos totais e colesterol que a carne da coxa. O teor de lipídeos totais da coxa com pele foi mais que o dobro da coxa sem pele, mas o teor de colesterol não diferiu com a retirada da pele, demonstrando que o colesterol não está associado à gordura subcutânea. O teor de gordura intramuscular foi menor na carne das aves que receberam a ração com menor nível energético. Essas informações podem auxiliar na definição do manejo nutricional mais adequado. Apesar da redução no desempenho produtivo, a restrição da energia na ração dos frangos pode ser uma alternativa viável, se os consumidores estiverem dispostos a pagar mais por carne com menos gordura