bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is V1 a Cognitive Map?
Authors: Linton Paul , Heeger David J , Movshon Tony , Muckli Lars , Nienborg Hendrikje , Papale Paolo , Parker Andrew , Petro Lucy , Roelfsema Pieter , Talluri Bharath , Vetter Petra , Xue Cheng , Zhaoping Li , Kriegeskorte Nikolaus
Published: September 2024

A ‘Cognitive Map’ is an internal model of space upon which we can scaffold our judgments about the world. The question this GAC seeks to resolve is whether V1 acts as a ‘Cognitive Map’ in humans? In answering this question, our goal is to connect Cognitive Science back to the Computational Neuroscience of V1. There’s been a raft of suggestive evidence of ‘cognitive’ processing in V1 over the last 20 years, but comparatively little stepping back and asking ‘what does it all mean?’ By contrast, the goal of Cognitive Computational Neuroscience is not just to link neural processes with computational principles, but also to explore what they mean for our experience of the world?
Ethnic diversity and political trust at the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Schraff Dominik , Hegewald Sven
Published: September 2024

Existing research struggles to understand how contextual factors can explain differences in the rally effect in political trust during the Covid-19 pandemic. While systematic explanations of country-level differences are hard to establish by means of cross-sectional comparisons, we propose to compare subnational areas within a country to learn more about the role of contextual factors. In this study, we argue that ethnic diversity is a crucial contextual factor that helps researchers understand differences in political trust at the onset of the pandemic. Specifically, we propose that the rally effect should be restricted to ethnically more homogeneous contexts. An analysis of geocoded household panel data from the Netherlands reveals a strong rally effect in ethnically homogeneous areas, while political trust in ethnically diverse contexts appears not to respond to the pandemic. This suggests an entrenched geography of political trust, which is associated with ethnic divides and is even maintained under crisis.
Identifying trends in reporting on the ethical treatment of insects in research
Authors: Perl Craig , Kissinger Cat , Godfrey R Keating , Castillo Enrique , Fischer Bob , Barrett Meghan
Published: September 2024

Transparent reporting on the ethical treatment of research animals (e.g., implementation of the 3Rs, replace, reduce, and refine) is recommended when publishing in the peer-reviewed literature. This is meant to foster public trust, safeguard animal welfare, and generate reproducible science. However, entomologists are not expected to engage in such reporting, as their research is not subject to legislated ethical review. Recently, however, entomologists have reported increased concern about the ethical treatment of insects in research, and associated reproducibility and public trust issues. To what degree are these increasing concerns reflected in changes in practices? We surveyed 15 high-impact journals that publish on insects over 20 years to collect data on reporting related to the ethical treatment of insects in research, including animal reduction methods, analgesics/anesthesia statements, and information regarding sacrifice. Out of 1359 sampled papers, no studies reported any methods to reduce animal use. Over 20 years, we found an increase in the proportion of papers reporting insect death and a decrease in the papers reporting significant invasive handling. 84% of papers with significant animal handling or death did not report the use of any anesthetics. We also found an increase in animal-treatment-specific ethics statements (from 0% to 8%), largely driven by the journal Animal Behaviour. We end by 1) making recommendations for entomologists looking to improve their reporting practices and 2) providing tools to improve transparent reporting of information related to the ethical treatment of insects in research.
Agriculture resilience to climate change financial resources allocation modeling
Authors: Badolo Mathieu
Published: September 2024

In contexts where difficulties persist in financing agricultural development, climate change resilience policies for this sector should integrate models for an efficient allocation of financial resources. such models could be based on families of direct and indirect climate change impacts of very high, high, medium, low and minor intensity. Deficiencies in the allocation of financial resources for climate change resilience could contribute to creating agricultural configurations characterized by multiple regressions in agricultural production, income, financing, infrastructure and governance. The allocation of financial resources for agricultural resilience is therefore a crucial aspect to be considered by scientific developments for agricultural resilience.This article proposes the Badolo AgriClimAllocation model for the allocation of financial resources for agriculture resilience to climate change which is based on specific classes of direct and indirect climate change impacts of very high, high, medium, low and minor intensity. It concerns agriculture production, income, financing, infrastructure and governance dimensions. It efficiently allocates available financial resources for actions to reduce agricultural regression risks due to climate change direct and indirect impacts of very high, high, medium, low and minor intensity.
Heterogeneity in Students’ Perceptions of Teaching Quality: A Marker of Adaptive Teaching?
Authors: Röhl Sebastian , Davison Kyle Timothy , Bardach Lisa
Published: September 2024

Background: Students attending the same class can vary greatly in their perceptions of the teaching quality of the same lessons with the same teacher; however, the current understanding of heterogeneity in students’ perceptions of teaching quality, its sources, and implications remains limited. Aims: This study investigated whether heterogeneity in students’ perceptions of teaching quality within classes may indicate that the teacher’s instruction is not equally adaptive for all students. Sample: We used longitudinal data from the TALIS Global Teaching InSights study (N = 19,659 students, N = 679 mathematics teachers, across eight countries). Methods: We ran multigroup latent change score models to examine the effect of increases in student- and teacher-reported adaptive teaching on changes in (a) student-rated teaching quality (clarity of instruction, autonomy support, cognitive engagement, and classroom disruptions) and, importantly, (b) changes in heterogeneity in students’ perceptions of these dimensions.Results: Increases in adaptive teaching were associated with more positive and less heterogenous perceptions of clarity and autonomy support within classes. Increases in adaptive teaching predicted higher levels of cognitive engagement but did not significantly predict heterogeneity in students’ perceptions of cognitive engagement. Increases in adaptive teaching were linked to less classroom disruptions and more heterogeneous perceptions of disruptions within classes. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that adaptive teaching can explain the extent of heterogeneity in students’ perceptions of several teaching quality dimensions. This underscores the substantive value of considering heterogeneity in student perceptions as a meaningful construct.
Examining the Factors Shaping Consumer Perspectives in Online Shopping
Authors: Tehrani Radin , Ramezanian Hasan
Published: September 2024

Consumer purchases are largely shaped by their assessment of a product's benefits, drawbacks, and emotional aspects. Psychological and marketing research suggests that emotions influence customers at various points in the buying process. This research seeks to identify the factors that may affect consumer emotions when buying luxury cosmetics. To examine the different facets of customer emotions, a qualitative study was carried out through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 23 users of high-end cosmetics and health products in Telegram groups. This study revealed various emotional dimensions and identified factors that trigger emotions in the target market. The subsequent phase involved determining the variables that influence customer emotions, based on collective agreement. This phase included a panel of 15 experts in marketing, psychology, luxury cosmetics import businesses on digital platforms, and managers of online luxury cosmetics and hygiene groups. Using a three-step consensus approach, the experts identified and evaluated 36 factors influencing customer emotions based on their importance and perceived impact. These factors were then grouped into three categories: personal variables, group and product variables, and contextual variables.
Causes of Conflict, Proposed Strategy and Mediation: The Case Study of TOMY of the 3rd Health District, Greece
Authors: Chatzidimitriou Efthymia , Triantari Sotiria , Emilia-Margarita Ganatsiou , Vekiloglou Effimia-Rafaella
Published: September 2024

Aim of the research was to study the causes of conflicts in the TOMY (Primary Health Care Centers) of the 3rd Health District, the proposed strategy to deal with conflicts and the effect of demographic and professional profile on employee’s views. A primary, quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and comparative between subjects was conducted using the reliable and valid questionnaire of Tengilimoglu &Kisa for the causes of conflicts (a=0.777). The research involved 143 employees of the TOMY of the 3rd Health District. Data analysis was performed at a significance level of 5% using independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA. Taking orders from more than one manager and not clearly defined duties by statutory regulations would affect negatively the employee’s production. Inadequate rewards according to job performance and differences in education level would lead to communication problems between different professional groups. The causes of conflicts were recognized more by health professionals, with longer experience. Cooperation and mediation emerged as the most appropriate strategies for dealing with conflicts. The improvement of organization via the meritocratic management of personnel, the division of tasks and the immediate recruitment of personnel of all specialties in all departments, is expected to reduce the phenomena of conflicts.
Advanced Mathematical Approaches to Symmetry Breaking in High-Dimensional Field Theories: The Roles of Laurent Series, Residues, and Winding Numbers
Authors: Chen Wen-Xiang
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the advanced mathematical frameworks used to analyze symmetry breaking in high-dimensional field theories, emphasizing the roles of Laurent series, residues, and winding numbers. Symmetry breaking is fundamental in various physical contexts, such as high-energy physics, condensed matter physics, and cosmology. The study addresses how these mathematical tools enable the decomposition of complex field behaviors near singularities, revealing the intricate dynamics of symmetry breaking. Laurent series facilitate the expansion of fields into manageable terms, particularly around critical points. Residues provide a direct link between local field behavior and global physical properties, playing a crucial role in effective action formulations and renormalization processes. Winding numbers offer a topological perspective, quantifying how fields wrap around singularities and identifying stable topological structures like vortices, solitons, and monopoles. Extending these methods to (3+1) dimensions highlights the complexity of symmetry breaking in higher-dimensional scenarios, where advanced group theory and topological invariants are necessary to describe non-linear interactions. The findings underscore the importance of integrating these mathematical techniques into modern theoretical physics, with potential applications in quantum gravity, string theory, and the study of topological phases of matter. Future directions include further exploration of higher-dimensional extensions and their implications for understanding the fundamental nature of symmetry, topology, and field dynamics.
The Ω-Dimension Hypothesis: A Novel Framework for Memory Storage and Retrieval Beyond Spacetime
Authors: Dlabal Milan M.
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes the Ω-dimension hypothesis, an innovative theory suggesting that memory storage and retrieval occur in a non-temporal, non-spatial dimension accessed via the brain’s electromagnetic activity. Traditional models of memory, centered on synaptic plasticity, face limitations in explaining the speed and stability of memory retrieval. The Ω-dimension, drawing on principles from quantum field theory and the holographic principle, posits that memories are encoded and decoded through brain wave patterns interacting with this hidden dimension. This hypothesis extends beyond human cognition, suggesting that all biological systems capable of generating complex electromagnetic patterns might access the Ω-dimension. The implications are profound, potentially revolutionizing our understanding of the mind, consciousness, and the nature of reality itself. Further research is encouraged to explore the technological, philosophical, and ethical ramifications of this groundbreaking theory.
Institutional Possession, Supervisory Board Size, External Auditor Quality, and Profit Quality
Authors: Erna Erna , Murwaningsari Etty , Murtanto Murtanto
Published: September 2024

This study aims to reveal the determinants of profit quality based on governance factors. Specifically, the proposed factors are institutional possession (IP), supervisory board size (SBS), and an external reputable auditor. Besides, this study intends to examine the IP to moderate the relationship between SBS and profit quality. By employing 12 agricultural companies in the Indonesian capital market for ten years, from 2013 to 2022, this study obtains 120 observations and analyzes the data by regression model with polling data. After that, this study demonstrates that IP, the supervisory board size, and reputable external auditor quality positively affect profit quality. The negative interaction effect between IP and supervisory board size (IP*SBS) on profit quality is available: The smaller the SBS, the higher the profit quality, and this tendency happens when institutional possession decreases. In other words, the IP and SBS have substitution roles to crate profit quality.
An Inductive Learning Intervention to Improve News Veracity Discernment
Authors: Modirrousta-Galian Ariana , Seabrooke Tina , Hanoch Yaniv , Kelley Nicholas J. , Higham Philip Anthony
Published: September 2024

Across three preregistered experiments (total N = 1,135), we tested whether an inductive learning (IL) intervention improved participants’ ability to distinguish between true and false news. IL involves learning categories by observing or classifying exemplars. Therefore, in this research, IL involved observing true and false news headlines and classifying them as either “true” or “false”, with immediate feedback on accuracy. In each experiment, participants took part in either an IL or control condition, the latter of which involved no training or playing Pac-Man. To test participants’ ability to distinguish between true and false news headlines, a final test was administered where all participants rated the veracity of true and false news headlines, which were different from those used during IL, on a scale from 1 (high confidence false) to 6 (high confidence true). In Experiment 1 (N = 214), the IL intervention significantly improved participants’ news veracity discernment compared to control, but the Bayesian evidence was only anecdotal. In Experiment 2 (N = 483), we incorporated game-design elements into the IL intervention, including performance-contingent badges. Unexpectedly, the effect of the IL intervention decreased. We reasoned that, because the IL intervention involved easy-to-hard training, the provision of performance-contingent badges inadvertently made participants more aware of their declining performance. This awareness may have undermined their motivation to learn as the training progressed. Therefore, in Experiment 3 (N = 438), we implemented hard-to-easy training instead, which resulted in the IL intervention significantly improving participants’ news veracity discernment, now with strong Bayesian evidence.
Unravelling Repetitive Negative Thinking With Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Bedder Rachel L , Hitchcock Peter , Sharp Paul
Published: September 2024

Recent advances in the computational dynamics of planning and state inference from the interdisciplinary field of reinforcement learning offer rich opportunities for insights into repetitive negative thinking (RNT), specifically rumination and worry. In this perspective, we apply key principles from reinforcement learning and meta-reasoning to provide a normative foundation for clinical phenomena associated with RNT, including excessive focus on potential negative events, the impact of overly abstract thinking, and the perpetuation of RNT over time. We explore how these factors may contribute to clinically relevant behavioral outcomes such as avoidance. We propose two algorithmic accounts of RNT: worry-as-planning and rumination-as-inference, where agents learn through mentally simulating states and actions. Furthermore, we discuss how these algorithms can be viewed as cognitive actions subject to selection, learning, and reinforcement. This integration opens avenues for innovative approaches to understanding and intervening in maladaptive thought patterns, ultimately advancing the treatment of RNT-related conditions.
Analyzing the Emotional Consequences of Normal Sleep Fluctuations: A Multiverse Investigation using Experience Sampling Data
Authors: Murphy Stephen Lee
Published: September 2024

How much we sleep at night is believed to impact next-day emotional experiences. Yet, theexisting research is encumbered by methodological limitations. To address this issue we harnessedexperience sampling data (68,232 observations across 10,905 days) from 1,415 Belgianparticipants to examine whether normal variations in sleep duration linearly or nonlinearlyinfluence next-day fatigue, stress, happiness, anxiety, despondence, and calmness. We tested8,960 models as part of a multiverse analyses in this non-pre-registered study. Findings indicateeven small increases in sleep duration positively associate with next day emotional experiences,that effects are generally stronger in the period after waking relative to later in the day, and thateffect magnitudes differ markedly across emotions. Analyses indicating some sleep-emotioneffects are stronger at higher absolute sleep amounts should be cautiously interpreted given thisstudy’s observational and exploratory nature.
An Adaptive Droop Control for Power Sharing Between Three Phase Parallel Inverter in Autonomous Microgrid
Authors: Parajuli Ananta , Bista Krishna , KC Krishna , Bhandari Binod
Published: September 2024

The development of an adaptive droop controller is for power sharing between three-phase parallel inverters. Traditionally, droop controllers have been employed in conventional power systems to allocate the load among generators with varying capacities. Our approach involves the utilization of an adaptive control technique. This method is designed for a setup involving three-phase parallel inverters linked to an AC microgrid, to enhance the proportional distribution of active power despite changes in feeder network characteristics and loads. The proposed control mechanism automatically tunes the frequency droop parameter to address mismatch frequencies. The system includes two sets of three-phase inverters regulated by a combination of P-F droop control, an enhanced droop control loop, and PI controllers. The adaptive droop coefficient control is capable of addressing problems where power distribution inaccuracies arise due to different line loads as well as different inverter capacities.
Comparison Between Conventional PID Controller and Neural Network PID Controller Based on DC Motor Speed Control
Authors: Mani Nepal Subhamyu , Prasad Sapkota Madan , Shrestha Nischal , Karki Sunil , Raj Dhungana Manoj
Published: September 2024

DC motor is a multivariable, strong coupling and nonlinear controlled system, and is difficult to setting up the accurate mathematical model. So, it cannot achieve good control effect using traditional PID control method. To tackle this problem ANN based PID controller is proposed in this paper. The objective here is to compare the response of DC motor controlled by two different PID controllers.
Control of Grid-Tied Inverter During Unbalanced Transient Fault
Authors: Khanal Pallavi , Poudel Prajna , Jangbu Sherpa Tashi , Karki Yuvaaraj , Tamrakar Indraman
Published: September 2024

With increasing use of renewable and clean form of energy, PV systems have become popular due to its versatility and easy implementation. The overall performance of grid-connected PV systems is directly influenced by the performance of grid-tied inverter. Hence, control of grid-tied PV inverter has become a temptation. This project explores the development of grid-connected PV system and optimization of control strategies for grid-tied inverter to ensure its seamless operation and grid stability during transient faults. The transient faults occurring at the inverter side disrupts the normal operation of inverter and even lead to shut down of inverter during faults.Therefore, a control strategy is suggested and developed to control the overvoltage of DC-link capacitor and deliberately functioning and output of grid-tied inverter is improved. This is simply possible by introducing ELC so that the inverter needs not be shut down.
Nepali Virtual AI Assistant
Authors: Majhi Sajag , Kaphle Shubham , Dahal Shyam
Published: September 2024

With the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), much of our regular redundant work that does not require critical thinking is replaced by machines. The scope of the Internet of Things (IoT) is also increasing due to AI. IoT acts as a suitable platform for the application of AI in real life. In this paper, we present a Virtual AI Assistant that combines AI with IoT. Our system uses an ESP8266 (Node MCU) chip as the core microcontroller for the home automation application. It is an IoT-compatible microcontroller with a cloud connectivity feature that is accomplished with the help of WiFi (Wireless fidelity). This allows home appliances such as lights, fans, rice cookers, etc. to be controlled by desktop or mobile applications from any part of the world. Our system uses speech recognition as its primary source for controlling the application. The speech recognition feature can detect and distinguish people’s voices which is a handy feature in terms of security and privacy. Other than IoT, software features such as note-making, application initiators, web navigation, and automatic typing through speech recognition are also implemented in this system. Our work also makes use of the Nepali language for IoT applications for switching home appliances on and off. The AI model was trained from scratch manually for the Nepali language as proper audio datasets for the Nepali language are not available. Our work in the development of Nepali Virtual AI Assistant is to integrate hardware and software with AI to create user-friendly automation and ease in people’s daily lives.
Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Water Availability in Marshyangdi Basin: Hydrological Model Development
Authors: Thapa Sunil , Dahal Diksha , Risal Aastha , Shrestha Sujan , Thapa Sunil , Thapa Susan , Devkota Nirajan
Published: September 2024

This Study has developed a hydrological model for the Marshyangdi river basin in Western Nepal, showing considerable potential for developing water resources and overall national prosperity. The model is also used to characterise hydrology and assess the availability of water resources across different spatial and temporal dimensions, hence improving our comprehension of water availability and its possible applications. The newly developed hydrological model in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) replicates the mean flows, hydrological pattern, and flow duration curve at the basin and 54 sub-basin outputs. Additionally, the model undergoes calibration and validation, employing Sufi-2 to fine-tune hydrological parameters. Based on the data generated by the model, the annual average precipitation (P) in the Marshyangdi basin is projected to be 1843 mm. Approximately 17.88% of the average yearly rainfall is lost via evapotranspiration; however, this varies significantly across different locations and time periods. Contrasting the two, the mountains have a higher moisture level than the Himalayan regions. The predicted average annual flow volume at the basin outflow is 9467.423 million cubic metres (MCM). Examining water shortages, finding regions with excess water, and developing solutions to address the competing needs of agriculture, industry, urban areas, and ecosystems are advantageous. Therefore, this method may improve the effectiveness of strategic planning and the long-term management of water resources.
मधेसतिर कथाको रचनाविधान
Authors: गौतम Gautam ध्रुवराज Dhrubaraj
Published: September 2024

कथाकार विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला आधुनिक नेपाली कथालेखनका अगुवा हस्ती हुन् । सामाजिक यथार्थवादी कथालेखनको व्यतिरेकमा फ्रायडीय मनोविश्लेषणलाई  भित्र्याएर उच्च कोटिका कथा पस्किने उनले नेपाली भाषामा दुई दर्जन बढी कथाहरू लेखेका छन् । प्रवासमा रहँदा प्रारम्भ भएको यिनको लेखनक्रममै वि.सं. १९९८ मा दार्जिलिङबाट प्रकाशित कथा हो ‘मधेसतिर’, जुन पछि ‘दोषी चस्मा’ कथा सङ्ग्रहमा सङ्गृहीत छ । जीवनको अमूर्त सत्यलाई व्यक्त गर्ने लक्ष्य लिएको यस कथाले यौन बुभुक्षा र उदर बुभुक्षालाई एकसाथ उठाएको छ । मानिसको नैतिकतालाई सम्पत्तिको पोकोले  धज्जी उडाएको छ । यसमा सामाजिक कुरीति र आर्थिक विपन्नता मात्र नभई पात्रका मनोलोकको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । कोइरालाका कथाहरूमध्येको फरक वैशिष्ट्य बोकेको यस कथाको वस्तुपक्षमा केन्द्रित भई अध्ययन गर्ने कार्यलाई समस्याका रूपमा लिई त्यसको समाधान खोज्नु यस अध्ययनको उद्देश्य रहेको छ ।कथालाई प्राथमिक सामग्री र त्यसबारे गरिएका अध्ययन तथा सैद्धान्तिक विमर्शसम्बद्ध ग्रन्थलाई द्वितीयक सामग्री बनाई गुणात्मक ढाँचाको अध्ययन गरिएको यस अध्ययनमा कथामा रहेका तथ्यको वस्तुविश्लेषणका आधारभित्र राखेर अध्ययन गरी निष्कर्षमा पुग्ने काम गरिएको छ । आगमनात्मक विधिको उपयोगलाई महत्त्व दिँदै वर्णनात्मक, विश्लेषणात्मक र तार्किक विधिको समेत अवलम्बन गरिएको छ । बिधवाको बालवैधव्य जीवन र समाजका रुढिगत भावना, विधवाप्रतिको सामाजिक दृष्टिकोण एवम् त्यसले व्यक्तिको मनोजगतमा सिर्जित मनोद्वन्द्वका साथै आर्थिक अभाव र विकल्पविहीन निरीह स्थितिले पहाडबाट मधेसतिर झर्नुका तीता बाध्यता पस्किने कथाको रचनाविधानसम्बद्ध खासगरी कार्यपीठिका, सारवस्तु, रुचिक्षेत्र, चरित्रचित्रण, दृष्टिविन्दु, रूपविन्यास आदि शीर्षकहरूमा विभाजन गरेर विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्षमा पुग्ने काम यस आलेखमा गरिएको छ ।
सुलोचना महाकाव्यमा औपन्यासिक लक्षण
Authors: खतिवडा Khatiwada नित्यानन्द Nityananda
Published: September 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटाद्वारा लिखित सुलोचना महाकाव्यको औपन्यासिकताको विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । काव्यकार लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटाका महाकाव्यगत प्रवृत्तिसमेत समेटिएको यस लेखमा महाकाव्य र उपन्यासको विधातात्त्विक सन्दर्भमा देखिएका समता र भिन्नताका आधारमा सुलोचनाको औपन्यासिक लक्षणाबारे विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनबाट प्राचीन विधा मानिएको महाकाव्य उपन्यासमय देखिनाका कारणहरूलाई देखाइएको छ । यस अध्ययनबाट सुलोचना काव्यको कथानकको विविध प्रकृतिसँगै घटनाको प्रस्तुतीकरणले यो औपन्यासिक काव्य बन्न पुगेको देखिन्छ भने काव्यमा रहेको पात्रको विश्लेषण, प्रकृतिचित्रण तथा भाषाशैलीको प्रयोगले सुलोचनालाई औपन्यासिक काव्य बन्न अझ प्रेरित गरेको पाइन्छ । यसका साथै काव्यकार स्वयम्ले यो उपन्यासमय बन्न पुगेको भनेबाट काव्यको औपन्यासिक तात्पर्य स्पष्ट भएको छ । यसरी उपन्यास र महाकाव्यका विगत सन्दर्भमा देखिएका कथानक, पात्र, परिवेश, भाषाशैलीमा प्राप्त समता र विषमतालाई अध्ययन गर्दा सुलोचना एउटा महत्त्वपूर्ण औपन्यासिक काव्य बन्न पुगेको पुष्टि हुन्छ । यस अध्ययनबाट सुलोचना काव्यको औपन्यासिकताबारे अध्ययन विश्लेषण हुन गई पाठकलाई कृतिको नवीनतम पाटापक्षबारे बुझ्न सहयोग पुग्ने विश्वास गरिएको छ ।
वासवदत्तामा अलङ्कारविधान
Authors: घिमिरे Ghimire रमेश Ramesh
Published: September 2024

वासवदत्ता कथाकाव्यका रचयिता सुबन्धु हुन् । सुबन्धु बाण र दण्डीका पनि पूर्ववर्ती मानिन्छन् । सुबन्धुरचित वासवदत्ता, बाणरचित कादम्बरी र दण्डीरचित दशकुमारचरित; यी तीन काव्यको समन्वयात्मक नाम बृहत्त्रयी हो । बृहत्त्रयीका रूपमा गणना गरिनुले यी काव्यको संस्कृत गद्यसाहित्यका इतिहासमा विशेष प्रतिष्ठा प्रतीत हुन्छ । प्रस्तुत वासवदत्ता कथाकाव्यलाई प्राप्त यस विशिष्ट प्रतिष्ठाको पृष्ठभूमि यसमा विद्यमान आलङ्कारिक चमत्कृतिमय गद्यशिल्प हो । यस काव्यमा खास गरी शब्दालङ्कारका सौन्दर्यमा कविश्रम केन्द्रित भएको देखिन्छ । वासवदत्तालाई कवि स्वयम्‌ले अक्षर अक्षरमा श्लेषचमत्कारद्वारा परिपूर्ण काव्य भनी घोषणा गरेका छन् । यसो भए पनि यस काव्यमा अर्थालङ्कारहरू पनि प्रशस्त सचमत्कार दृष्टिगोचर भएका छन् । थुप्रै अर्थालङ्कारहरूमध्ये उपमा, उत्प्रेक्षा, विरोधाभास र परिसङ्ख्या उल्लेखनीय देखिन्छ । चाहे अन्य शब्दालङ्कार होउन् या अर्थालङ्कार होउन्, सर्वत्र कतै सभङ्ग त कतै अभङ्ग श्लेष प्रभावशाली रूपमा उपस्थित भएको देखिन्छ । अलङ्कारसंयोजनका ध्याउन्‍नमा लागेका कविले यस काव्यमा वस्तु र रसादिको उपेक्षा हुन पुगेर तज्जन्य दोषपक्षका कारण काव्यमूल्यमा न्यूनता आएको पनि ख्याल गर्न नभ्याएको प्रतीत हुन्छ । यो काव्य मूलतः शब्दालङ्कारमूलक शाब्दी क्रीडाको पाण्डित्यप्रदर्शनमय दृष्टान्त बन्‍न पुगेको छ । यस काव्यमा अलङ्कारहरू शाब्द र वाच्य तहमा मात्र नभएर ध्वनक एवम् ध्वनित रूपमा समेत अस्तित्ववान् देखिन्छन् । समष्टिगत रूपमा वासवदत्ता अलङ्कारविधानका दृष्टिले निकै मूल्यवान् रहेको छ ।
राइटर अङ्कलको आर्थिक दुर्नियति र रश्मिको मनोविज्ञान
Authors: न्यौपाने Neupane सुभाषचन्द्र Subhashchandra
Published: September 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख नाटककार गोपाल देवानको राइटर अङ्कल एकाङ्कीमा प्रस्तुत आर्थिक दुर्नियति र मनोविज्ञानको विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित छ । २०७६ सालमा प्रकाशित प्रस्तुत एकाङ्की २०५० सालमा तत्कालीन राजकीय प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठानद्वारा आयोजित नाटक महोत्सवमा प्रदर्शन गरिएको थियो । आरम्भ नाट्यसमूहरूद्वारा प्रदर्शित यस नाटकलाई दर्शक समूहद्वारा अत्यधिक मन पराइएको थियो । २०४६ सालको राजनैतिक आन्दोलनको पृष्ठभूमिमा लेखिएको यस एकाङ्कीमा नेपालमा लेखकहरूले केकस्तो आर्थिक दुर्नियति भोग्नुपर्छ भन्ने कुराको विश्लेषणका साथै बालमनोविज्ञानलाई केकसरी प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ भन्ने कुराको विश्लेषण यस लेखमा गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेख तयारीका क्रममा प्राथमिक सामग्रीका रूपमा नाटककार गोपाल देवानको सन्तापको धून नाटक सङ्ग्रहभित्र समाविष्ट राइटर अङ्कल एकाङ्कीलाई लिइएको छ भने द्वितीयक सामग्रीका रूपमा यस एकाङ्की नाटकमाथि प्रकाश पारी लेखिएका लेखहरू तथा नियतिवाद र मनोवैज्ञानिक चिन्तनका बारेमा प्रकाश पारी लेखिएका सामग्रीहरूको उपयोग गरिएको छ । सामग्री विश्लेषणका क्रममा निगमनात्मक विधिअनुसार नियतिवाद र मनोविज्ञानका स्थापित सिद्धान्तका आधारमा व्याख्यात्मक र विश्लेषणात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरी प्रस्तुत लेखलाई पूर्णता दिइएको छ । समाज परिवर्तनका संवाहक साहित्यकारहरूले समाजका अगाडि केकसरी निरीह भएर जीवन यापन गर्नुपर्छ र उनीहरूले आर्थिक अभावकै कारण केकस्तो अपमानपूर्ण व्यवहार सहेर अभिशप्त जीवन बाँच्न बाध्य हुनुपर्छ भन्ने कुरा प्रस्तुत गर्नुका साथै एउटी बालिकाको मनोविज्ञान सामाजिक व्यवहारले कसरी विचलित बनेको हुन्छ भन्ने कुराको विश्लेषणका माध्यमबाट यो एकाङ्की नियतिवाद र मनोविज्ञानमा आधारित समाजको ज्वलन्त कारुणिक चित्र हो भन्ने निष्कर्ष यस लेखको विश्लेषणबाट निकालिएको छ ।
Navigating the English Curriculum Landscape: A Critical Analysis of Nepal Sanskrit University's Approach
Authors: Regmi Diwakar
Published: September 2024

This paper offers a critical analysis of the English curriculum at Nepal Sanskrit University, focusing on its structure, content, and implementation strategies. The curriculum, designed to provide students with a comprehensive exploration of the English language and literature, reflects a balance between tradition and modernity. Through an examination of core components such as reading and writing skills, literary analysis, and research writing, the paper assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the curriculum. Drawing on insights from stakeholders, including faculty and students, it explores challenges such as resource limitations and the need for real-world English study contexts. Furthermore, it discusses opportunities for innovation and enhancement, including the integration of technology and collaboration with interuniversity institutions. By navigating the landscape of the English curriculum at Nepal Sanskrit University, this paper aims to provide valuable insights into its continual refinement and relevance in the ever-changing educational landscape.
Mineral Resources and Economic Development Of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Krishna Gopal
Published: September 2024

Mineral resource is the mineral deposit consisting of useful concentration that may or may not exceed economic cost for obtaining the valuable minerals. The information was collected through Secondary data. The data collected from different sources have been analyzed on the basis of these classification using both analytical and descriptive methods. The technological process, the needs of the economy and prices in the market, depends on whether and when the rock/mineral becomes raw material. The study aims to explore Mineral resources is important for economic development of  Nepal. Mineral Resources has great importance for  improvement in the economic status household.  This research also shows the problems of mineral Resources. Mineral Resources has  positive change in the overall socio- economic status  and overall economic development  of  Nepal.
Educational online technologies as effective tools for learning English terminology of language for specific purposes (LSP) by the students of non-linguistic university specialties: interdisciplinary approach
Authors: Kosonogova Olga Vladimirovna
Published: September 2024

The paper describes the research conducted by the team of the English teachers of English for Humanities Dpt. of Southern federal university. The investigation aimed at the study of effectiveness of learning English terminology for special purposes by the non-linguistics university program students with the help of IT-technologies. In the experiment the online course "Legal Communication: Legal Writing and Oral Communication in the Practice of Law", developed by the interdisciplinary team of university teachers of the Faculty of Law and the English teachers of English for Humanities Dpt. on the Moodle LMS. Interdisciplinary approach applied in the course of investigation embraced the main principles of two sciences: methods of teaching foreign languages and terminology study. The results obtained show that both the usage of educational IT-technologies and the educational IT- products increases the students’ motivation for learning the language of their future profession if the content of the educational IT- products is thoroughly developed on the main subjects of theoretical and practical terminology study: the description of the history of formation and development of a language for special purposes, the linguistic and extra-linguistic factors that influenced its development, its vocabulary, style and genres, the techniques of appropriate use of terms in the special context.
Diagnostics of the formation of semantic reading in the work of secondary school students with educational mathematical texts
Authors: Romashchenko Alexey Romanovich
Published: September 2024

Learning is working with a variety of educational texts based on reading, understanding, evaluating and interpreting information. To identify the result of reading an educational mathematical text and the quality of understanding the meaning of the text space created by educational materials, it is necessary to diagnose reading, namely, the level of semantic reading. In the modern study of reading, the PISA international monitoring, the concept of reading literacy, its components and levels are defined. The success of understanding more complex educational mathematical texts will depend on the level of reader literacy. If the levels of reading literacy have evaluation criteria and diagnostic apparatus, then how to assess the level of semantic reading? The article examines the relationship between the levels of reading literacy and text comprehension, models for assessing the semantic complexity of the text and semantic reading skills, various level structures for diagnosing the understanding of a mathematical educational text. Based on the studied scientific material, the complexity of the educational mathematical text "Triangle" was assessed according to criteria such as the number of words, simple words, scientific terms and their complexity, the number of mentions of scientific terms in each paragraph. Diagnostic material has also been created to check the understanding of this text, each task of which is aimed at determining the understanding of each information block and assessing the degree of development of semantic reading.
On the question of the life purpose of man as a psychological category
Authors: Germanov Mikhail Valentinovich
Published: September 2024

The presented article is devoted to the problem of human purpose in life as a psychological category. The importance of addressing the study of this issue is associated with the transformations taking place in society, leading to a sharp increase in cases of escapism and the desire for hedonism, as fundamental life guidelines of a modern personality, preventing a person from finding his true purpose in life, its meaning. However, despite the fact that interest in this issue has been growing lately, it is difficult to consider it finally resolved. The objective of this study is to determine the content of some aspects of the issue of human purpose in life as a psychological category. The method of this study is a theoretical analysis and generalization of existing scientific studies that reveal the main content of the category "human purpose in life", as well as related concepts. It has been established that a person's life purpose is a characteristic of the basic level of personality (the core of personality) and represents the initially given natural orientations of a person, his general life direction, expressing a predisposition to a certain type of functioning, style of activity, type of relationship with oneself, people and the world as a whole; a person's purpose is to become oneself, to self-determine in being, freely realizing (or freely refusing to realize) the plan for oneself. All individual callings of a person are particular ways of realizing the universal calling. The purpose of life for people gives vector certainty and programmatic nature to a person's life intentions, his ideals, dreams, life goals, life results. Values act as universals of the meaning of life, which crystallize in situations typical for society, humanity as a whole; the desire to search for and realize the meaning of life by a person is a need of a person and characterizes him as a subject of life activity. The meaning of human life is a complexly organized system of meanings, including multi-level semantic structures and functioning as a single whole.
Perkembangan Motorik Anak Usia Dini 6 Sampai 24 Bulan Ditinjau dari Pemberian ASI Eksklusif
Authors: Aisiyah Laily Nur , Saputri Senny Weyara Dienda , Atika Aisyah Nur , Widiastuti Reski Yulina
Published: September 2024

ASI merupakan sumber nutrisi terpenting bayi, dan direkomendasikan untuk diberikan secara eksklusif selama 6 bulan mulai bayi dilahirkan.  Penelitian-penelitian terdahulu mengenai keterkaitan ASI dengan perkembangan motorik anak menemukan hasil yang bervariasi, sehingga dibutuhkan penelitian empiris dalam lingkup penelitian yang lebih luas.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji perbedaan perkembangan motorik anak usia dini 6-24 bulan ditinjau dari pemberian ASI eksklusif.  Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian komparatif, dengan pengambilan data menggunakan metode survei berbantuan kuisioner yang disebarluaskan melalui Google Form.  Subyek penelitian adalah 133 responden ibu yang mempunyai anak di usia 6-24 bulan yang didapatkan melalui metode incidental sampling.  Uji hipotesis menggunakan rumus Mann-Whitney dikarenakan data tidak normal.  Hasil uji hipotesis menemukan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,180 yang artinya tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dari perkembangan motorik anak usia dini 6-24 tahun ditinjau dari pemberian ASI eksklusif.
Penggunaan Media Flashcard untuk Pengembangan Kemampuan Perbendaharaan Kata pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun (Studi Eksperimen di Tk Islam Amal Sholeh Kota Tasikmalaya)
Authors: Apriliani Neli , Mulyadi Sima , Mulyana Edi Hendri
Published: September 2024

Anak merupakan anugerah dan titipan dari Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa yang perlu dirawat, dijaga dan didik. Anak merupakan cikal bakal dari regenerasi keluarga dan aset sumber daya manusia yang kelak akan menentukan masa depan, sehingga perlu diberikan bekal berupa pengetahuan dan keterampilan melalui proses pendidikan.Oleh karena itu, Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan media flashcard untuk pengembangan kemampuan perbendaharaan kata pada anak usia 4-5 tahun. Maka dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksperimen yaitu Pre-Eksperimen Design dengan tipe One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Penelitian ini diharapkan bisa memberikan fakta-fakta tentang penggunaan media flashcard untuk kemampuan perbendaharaan kata pada anak usia 4-5 tahun. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, pretest awal, dan dokumentasi. Dari data yang terkumpul kemudian di olah untuk disajikan sebagai data yang utuh. Manfaat dari penulisan ini adalah untuk menambahkan wawasan bagi para pembaca mengenai pentingnya  media pembelajaran dalam dunia pendidikan. Anak mampu menyebutkan kemampuan perbendaharan kata sederhana melalui media flashcard. Flashcard merupakan salah satu bentuk alat permainan edukatif (APE) yang menggunakan kartu, yang berisi gambar dan kata. Sehingga dengan menggunakan flashcard dapat membantu anak dalam memperbanyak perbendaharaan kata
Persepsi Orang Tua Terhadap Pendidikan Seksual Untuk Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Elan Elan , Loita Aini , Wijayanti Ira
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeksripsikan pemahaman orang tua terhadap Pendidikan seks untuk anak usia dini serta peran orang tua terhadap penerapan pendidikan seks. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian fenomenologis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pemilihan informan penelitian dilakukan dengan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara untuk mengungkap pemahaman orang tua dalam pendidikan seks untuk anak usia dini. Wawancara yang dilakukan adalah wawancara semi terstruktur. Hasil penelitian : (1) Persepsi Orang Tua Terhadap Pendidikan Seks Untuk Anak Usia Dini, (2) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Persepsi Orang Tua terhadap Pendidikan Seks untuk Anak Usia Dini (3) Peran Orang tua dalam penerapan pendidikan seks pada anak usia dini yaitu (a) Memberikan pemahaman tentang seks kepada anak berdasarkan nilai agama serta nilai moral. (b) Beri rasa aman terhadap anak dengan adanya komunikasi yang hangat antar anggota keluarga, (c) Sesuaikan penjelasan mengenai seks dengan usia dan tingkatan pemahaman anak.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Demontrasi Berbasis Media Video Terhadap Perkembangan Nilai Agama dan Moral Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Pertiwi Desa Nantigo
Authors: Assiddiki Hasbi , Sofyan Hendra , Rosyadi Akhmad Fikri
Published: September 2024

Salah satu cara pengembangan moral dan agama pada anak usia dini dalam dilakukan melalui pembelajaran Demonstrasi. Pada pelaksanaannya, pembelajaran Demonstrasi ini juga dapat menggunakan media pembelajaran agar materi yang disampaikan lebih mudah dipahami oleh peserta didik. Salah satu media yang dapat digunakan adalah media video animasi. Salah satu video animasi yang dapat digunakan adalah animasi upin dan ipin, karena animasi ini memiliki pesan moral dan nilai agama yang diharapkan dapat membantu untuk mengembangkan moral dan agama pada anak usia dini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran Demonstrasi berbasis media video terhadap perkembangan Agama dan Moral Anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Pertiwi Desa Nan Tigo . Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan Pretest-Postest one class design. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 12 anak usia 5-6 tahun di kelompok B2. Prosedur penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan pretest, pemberian perlakuan dan posttest. Analisis data menggunajan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata perkembangan moral dan agama pada anak usia 5-6 tahun di kelas B2 TK Pertiwi Desa Nantigo sebelum diberi perlakuan penggunaan media video animasi Upin dan ipin dalam pembelajaran Demonstrasi (pretest) adalah 6 dan setelah diberi perlakuan adalah 17. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa nilai t hitung sebesar 11,821 lebih besar dari t tabel sebesar 1,78 (thitung> ttabel), sedangkan nilai signfiikansi dari hasil uji-t sebesar 0,001, serta nilai tersebut lebih kecil dari 0,05 (?<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka terdapat perbedaan perkembangan moral dan agama pada anak usia dini di kelompok B2 TK Pertiwi Desa Nantigo sebelum diberi perlakuan (posttest) dengan setelah diberi perlakuan pembelajaran Demonstrasi berbasis media video (posttest). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran Demonstrasi berbasis video berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan Agama dan Moral pada anak usia dini di kelompok B2 TK Pertiwi Desa Nantigo.
Analisis Kemampuan Keaksaraan Huruf Hijaiyah Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TPQ Hidayatul Muhyiddin
Authors: Rahmawati Devi
Published: September 2024

Kemampuan bahasa merupakan aspek perkembangan yang sangat penting bagi setiap manusia. Menurut STPPA 5-6 Tahun pada Permendikbud No.137 Tahun 2014 menyebutkan bahwa kemampuan keaksaraan anak usia 5-6 tahun dapat menyebutkan huruf melalui simbol, Membedakan bunyi dan simbol huruf. Namun kemampuan keaksaraan huruf hijaiyah di TPQ Hidayatul Muhyiddin masih sangat rendah. Berlandas tumpu pada STPPA 5-6 tahun di Permendikbud No. 137 Tahun 2014 perlu diberikan Arah dan pembiasaan yang baik Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan keaksaraan huruf hijaiyah anak usia 5-6 tahun di TPQ Hidayatul Muhyiddin. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan observasi dan wawancara.
Sodium Hypochlorite: Optimization of Application as an Exsheathing Agent for Nematode Larvae to Minimize the Risk of Reduced Viability
Authors: Elowni Elsayed E. , Abdelnabi Ghada H. , Ahmad Mohamed F.
Published: September 2024

Objective: Nematode larvae exsheathing is a crucial procedure employed in experimental studies such as nematode viability assays, evaluating nematodes' resistance to anthelmintics, and evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintic medications. The exsheathment procedure allows for quantifying the direct impact on larvae when the protective sheath is removed. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a commonly used artificial exsheathment medium. However, concerns have been raised about its potential impact on the viability of exsheathed larvae. A previous study utilized Strongyloides papillosus larvae, a nematode species without a protective sheath, to investigate the effects of NaOCl on parasite viability. The findings revealed that there are specific concentration (C) and exposure-time (T) thresholds (0.3% > C > 0.2%; 10 min > T > 5 min) beyond which viability decreases, and excessive exposure can cause significant damage. The current study aims to determine the optimal concentration of NaOCl that can induce exsheathment in ensheathed-type larvae without compromising their viability. Methods: Third-stage strongylid larvae of donkey origin were utilized for this study, with chemical concentrations of 3%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, or 0.05%. Larval motility served as the criterion for evaluating viability. Results: NaOCl can exsheath larvae at any of the five concentration levels evaluated, depending on the duration of exposure to the compound. A concentration of 0.2% is considered optimal, inducing exsheathment as early as 2 minutes. Extended exposure for up to 10 minutes did not impact larval viability. A 3% solution causes larval damage. Conclusions: Regarding the effect of NaOCl on nematode larvae, the results validate the earlier findings with Strongyloides papillosus and those by other authors employing nematodes such as Haemonchus contortus and Cooperia curticei, and the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora.