bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in solid and liquid phase river water samples in Chao Phraya River, Thailand
Authors: Kunacheva Chinagarn , Tanaka Shuhei , Fujii Shigeo , Boontanon Suwanna Kitpati , Musirat Chanatip , Wongwattana Thana
Published: August 2011

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), especially perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are fully fluorinated organic compounds, which have been used in many industrial applications. These chemicals have contaminated surface water all over the world even in developing countries like Thailand. The previous study showed the contamination in Chao Phraya River in 2006 and 2007. The purposes of this field study were to determine the solid and liquid phase of PFCs contamination in Chao Phraya River and to compare the changes of PFC concentration in 2008. Surveys were conducted in the lower reach of Chao Phraya River in the industrialized area. A solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS were used for the analysis for ten PFCs. Ten PFCs were analyzed to identify the contamination in both solid and liquid phases. PFCs were detected in both the solid and liquid phase in every sample. PFOA was the most dominant PFC while PFPA and PFOS were also highly detected in most samples. The average loadings of PFPA, PFOA and PFOS in Chao Phraya River were 94.3, 284.6 and 93.4 g/d, respectively. PFOS concentrations did not show differences between 2006 and 2008. However, PFOA concentrations were higher in 2008/5/26, while comparing other samplings. The ratio of solid : liquid PFPA (2.1 : 1.0) [(ng/g)/(ng/L)] was lower than PFOA (13.9 : 1.0) [(ng/g)/(ng/L)] and PFOS (17.6 : 1.0) [(ng/g)/(ng/L)]. The shorter chain (more hydrophilic) PFC was better to dissolve in water rather than adsorb onto suspended solids. PFOS also showed more potential to attach in the suspended solids than PFOA.
Decolorization of anthraquinone dye Reactive Blue 19 by the combination of persulfate and zero-valent iron
Authors: Le Chen , Wu Jin-Hua , Li Ping , Wang Xiangde , Zhu Neng-Wu , Wu Ping-Xiao , Yang Bo
Published: August 2011

Decolorization of anthraquinone dye Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) with sulfate radicals generated in situ from persulfate and zero-valent iron (ZVI) was investigated. The effects of initial solution pH, initial concentration of RB19, ZVI and persulfate, reaction temperature and common dissolved anions were studied. 100% color removal efficiency and 54% TOC removal efficiency were achieved in 45 min with an initial RB19 concentration of 0.1 mM under typical conditions (pH 7.0, 0.8 g L−1 ZVI, 10 mM persulfate and 30 °C). The decolorization efficiency of RB19 increased with higher iron dosage, higher initial persulfate concentration, and higher reaction temperature. It is also an acid driven process. The decolorization process followed pseudo-first order kinetics and the activation energy was 98.1 kJ mol−1. RB19 decolorization was inhibited by common dissolved anions such as Cl−, NO3−, H2PO4− and HCO3− since they reacted with sulfate radicals that retarded the oxidation process. The experiment demonstrated that the combination of persulfate and ZVI was a promising technology for the decolorization of dye wastewater.
Determining Current Physical Therapist Management of Hip Fracture in an Acute Care Hospital and Physical Therapists' Rationale for This Management
Authors: Thomas Susie , Mackintosh Shylie , Halbert Julie
Published: August 2011

Background

Physical therapy has an important role in hip fracture rehabilitation to address issues of mobility and function, yet current best practice guidelines fail to make recommendations for specific physical therapy interventions beyond the first 24 hours postsurgery.

Objectives

The aims of this study were: (1) to gain an understanding of current physical therapist practice in an Australian acute care setting and (2) to determine what physical therapists consider to be best practice physical therapist management and their rationale for their assessment and treatment techniques.

Design and Methods

Three focus group interviews were conducted with physical therapists and physical therapist students, as well as a retrospective case note audit of 51 patients who had undergone surgery for hip fracture.

Results

Beyond early mobilization and a thorough day 1 postoperative assessment, great variability in what was considered to be best practice management was displayed. Senior physical therapists considered previous clinical experience to be more important than available research evidence, and junior physical therapists modeled their behavior on that of senior physical therapists. The amount of therapy provided to patients during their acute inpatient stay varied considerably, and none of the patients audited were seen on every day of their admission.

Conclusions

Current physical therapist management in the acute setting for patients following hip fracture varies and is driven by system pressures as opposed to evidence-based practice.
Registration of ‘Tift 8’ Trispecific Ornamental Pennisetum
Authors: Hanna W. W. , Braman S. K. , Schwartz B. M.
Published: August 2011

‘Tift 8’ (Reg. No. CV‐259, PI 659801) is a trispecific ornamental hybrid of Pennisetum approved for release by the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences in 2010. It was produced from crosses between P. purpureum Schumach; P. squamulatum Fresen.; and P. glaucum (L.) R. Br. This trispecific hybrid is both pollen and seed sterile. Tift 8 is a vegetatively propagated cultivar that is perennial in USDA hardiness zones 8–10. It can be grown as a vigorous annual in more northern zones. Tift 8 is morphologically similar to ‘Tift 17’, but it is significantly taller and has a significantly smaller culm‐leaf angle than Tift 17. Tift 8 is significantly more resistant to Helminthosporium leaf spot (caused by Helminthosporium ocellum Faris) than ‘Princess’. Mature leaves of Tift 8 have a reddish‐purple color. The plant color of Tift 8 is equal to, and in some tests better than, that of Tift 17. Tift 8 flowers under short days; therefore, it will not produce inflorescences where winter temperatures reach freezing (0°C) or below, or before the daylength is 10.5 h. A plant patent application has been submitted for Tift 8.
Registration of ‘N7003CN’ Maturity‐Group‐VII Soybean with High Yield and Resistance to Race 2 (HG Type 1.2.5.7‐) Soybean Cyst Nematode
Authors: Carter T. E. , Koenning S. R. , Burton J. W. , Rzewnicki P. E. , Villagarcia M. R. , Bowman D. T. , Arelli P. R.
Published: August 2011

‘N7003CN’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV‐502, PI 661157) was developed and released by the USDA‐ARS in 2010. It is a high‐yielding, maturity‐group (MG) VII, nontransgenic soybean cultivar adapted to the southeastern USA (30–37° N latitude). N7003CN is the first publicly released MG‐VII soybean that is resistant to race 2 (HG type 1.2.5.7) of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe). Race 2 is the dominant type of SCN in North Carolina. N7003CN is also resistant to races 1 and 14 (HG types 2.3‐ and 1.3.5.6.7, respectively), is moderately resistant to races 4 and 5 (HG types 1.2.3.5.6‐ and 2.5.7‐, respectively), and appears to have partial resistance to race 3 (HG type 5.7). Molecular analysis of N7003CN identified SSR markers associated with SCN resistance genes rhg1, Rhg4, and Rhg5. During 2005–2009 in USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, N7003CN yielded 11 and 2% more than the SCN‐susceptible control cultivars ‘Haskell RR’ and ‘N7002’, respectively (46 environments). During 2005–2009 in the North Carolina State University Official Variety Trials (OVT), the yield of N7003CN was equivalent to that of the SCN‐susceptible control cultivar, ‘NC‐Raleigh’. NC‐Raleigh was the highest‐yielding MG‐VII entry in the OVT. The unusual combination of high yield and SCN race‐2 resistance in group‐VII maturity makes this cultivar potentially desirable for conventional and organic production and as breeding stock for commercial breeding.
Registration of ‘Georgia‐10T’ Peanut
Authors: Branch W. D. , Culbreath A. K.
Published: August 2011

‘Georgia‐10T’ (Reg. No. CV‐113, PI 660315) is a high‐yielding, large‐seeded, runner‐type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar that is resistant to Tomato spotted wilt virus and that was released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations in 2010. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. Georgia‐10T originated from a cross made between ‘Georgia‐02C’ and ‘Georgia‐01R’. Pedigree selection was practiced within the early‐segregating generations. Performance testing began in the F4:6 generation with the advanced pure‐line selection, GA 052529, which was the experimental designation of Georgia‐10T. During three‐years (2007–2009) averaged over 20 multilocation tests in Georgia, Georgia‐10T had significantly less midseason TSWV incidence and late‐season total disease incidence, higher yield, grade, and dollar value return per hectare compared with Georgia‐01R. Georgia‐10T is most similar to Georgia‐01R and should be an excellent cultivar for an early‐planting date option in the southeast U.S. peanut production area.
Effects on Vision With Glare After Correction of Monochromatic Wavefront Aberrations
Authors: Jungnickel Hendrik , Babovsky Holger , Kiessling Armin , Gebhardt Michael , Grein Hans-Juergen , Kowarschik Richard
Published: August 2011

PURPOSE:

To investigate effects of optical aberration correction on vision with glare.

METHODS:

Correction of aberrations up to the 6th Zernike order (closed-loop correction) was compared with conventional spectacle correction in 42 healthy eyes. To create these corrections, an adaptive optics system including a thin-film transistor (TFT) monitor for displaying optotypes with additional glare sources was used. Employing both corrections, visual acuity and contrast sensitivity (CS) were tested alternately with and without glare. Disability glare was computed as the difference between log CS without and with glare. Individuals were also asked to rate subjectively the quality of three images displayed on the TFT monitor.

RESULTS:

Significant improvements of CS without and with glare were found with the closed-loop correction (0.147 and 0.198 log CS, respectively), whereas no significant difference in visual acuity was found in either correction. Correlations were determined between reduction of total root-mean-square error and increase of CS with glare (Pearson correlation coefficient r=0.42) and decrease of disability glare (r=−0.33). Visual acuity was correlated with the visual Strehl ratio based on the optical transfer function (r=0.46). Subjective comparison of the images showed improvements more clearly. Depending on the image, in 57% to 78% of the eyes, closed-loop correction was rated better than spectacle correction. The subjective glare effect was reduced as well.

CONCLUSIONS:

Investigation of vision with glare seems to be a reasonable additional test to evaluate the visual outcome of a customized correction.
Factors that positively influence adherence to antiretroviral therapy by HIV and/or AIDS patients and their caregivers
Authors: Ross Andrew J. , Aung Myint , Campbell Laura , Ogunbanjo Gboyega A.
Published: August 2011

Background: The importance of dedicated adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is well documented. Multiple factors may affect adherence and this study explores patients’ and their caregivers’ perceptions of factors which may positively influence adherence to ART.Method: This study was a descriptive, qualitative study that used both free attitude interviews and focus-group discussions. Nineteen patients attending a busy ART-clinic at a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal and eight caregivers were purposefully selected. Selection criteria included good adherence to ARTs as evidenced by excellent clinic attendance for more than one year with evidence of clinical, immunological and viral improvement. Interviews were tape recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.Results: Ten female participants, nine male participants and eight caregivers took part in the study. Participants highlighted three main categories that positively affect their adherence to ART namely: patient, disease and health care provider-related factors. Sub-themes included issues related to acceptance, disclosure to significant others, symptomatic improvement on ARTs and the importance of supportive relationships. Participants greatly valued the health care provider relationship and felt that the main role of the health care provider was to educate and support.Conclusion: This study has shown that the factors which most influenced adherence were patient-related (acceptance, disclosure, determination, and family support), disease-related and treatment-related (symptomatic illness and improvement on ARTs), and healthcare worker-related (relationships, and adherence classes).
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Coinfections in an Adult HIV Centre Population in Gaborone, Botswana
Authors: Patel Premal , Davis Stephanie , Tolle Michael , Mabikwa Vincent , Anabwani Gabriel
Published: August 2011

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C coinfections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -infected adults at an HIV center in Gaborone, Botswana. A retrospective review was performed of charts of currently active HIV-infected adult patients in the Family Model Clinic (FMC) of the Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Center of Excellence (BCOE) in Gaborone, Botswana, for the results of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antihepatitis C IgG tests performed between January 1, 2005 and December 15, 2009. Of 308 active FMC patients, 266 underwent HBsAg serology testing within the period of study. The HBsAg coinfection prevalence was 5.3% (14/266); 2 of 252 patients had at least one positive antihepatitis C IgG serology, a 0.8% prevalence. Hepatitis B coinfection is relatively common in HIV-infected adults at our center in Botswana, whereas hepatitis C coinfection is rare. In this setting, where the diagnosis of hepatitis B coinfection with HIV has implications for choice of first-line antiretroviral therapy and prevention of perinatal hepatitis B transmission, broader sampling to establish the true population prevalence of hepatitis B coinfection and the desirability of adding screening to HIV management should be considered. These findings provide little justification for adding hepatitis C coinfection screening to the management of HIV infection in Botswana.
Carbonaceous species in PM2.5 at a pair of rural/urban sites in Beijing, 2005–2008
Authors: Yang F. , Huang L. , Duan F. , Zhang W. , He K. , Ma Y. , Brook J. R. , Tan J. , Zhao Q. , Cheng Y.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. One-week integrated PM2.5 samples were collected over four years (2005–2008) at a pair of sites, one rural and one urban site, in the area of Beijing, China. Weekly organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) concentrations from these samples were measured to investigate their atmospheric concentrations, temporal variation patterns and the factors influencing these aspects. A slightly systematic decrease in annual mean concentration of OC and an opposite trend for EC at both sites was observed. Since OC accounted for about 70 % of total carbon (TC, i.e. OC + EC) the total carbonaceous mass experienced a slight decline on a yearly basis over the study period. Its fraction of PM2.5 mass at the urban site in 2008 was significantly lower than observed 10 years earlier (1999), indicating that the relative importance of carbonaceous species in PM2.5 has decreased. In urban Beijing clear seasonal variations (by factors of 1.35 ~ 3.0) were shown in both OC and EC with higher weekly concentrations and fluctuations in winter and much lower values in summer and spring. The minimum seasonal urban excesses of OC (3.0 μg m−3) and EC (1.3 μg m−3) occurred in the summer of 2008, which were only one-ninth and one-seventh of their corresponding maximum values, respectively. This reduction in the urban-difference, coupled with more positive stable carbon isotope values of EC at the urban site in that summer relative to the preceding summers, supports that the special clean air campaign for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games very likely had noticeable impact on the ambient concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols in the Beijing area, particularly on the local urban scale. Less consistent seasonal patterns in OC and EC, their scattered correlation, and higher mass ratios of OC to EC (OC/EC) at the rural site indicate more complex and variable major sources regarding aerosol formation in the rural area. These emission sources include biomass burning during the harvest seasons, widely used high-polluting family stoves and small boilers for cooking and heating with high OC/EC ratios, and a greater relative quantity of secondary organic aerosols.
Long-term in situ measurements of NOx and NOy at Jungfraujoch 1998–2009: time series analysis and evaluation
Authors: Pandey Deolal S. , Brunner D. , Steinbacher M. , Weers U. , Staehelin J.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. We present an analysis of the NOy (NOx + other oxidized species) measurements at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch (JFJ, 3580 m a.s.l.) for the period 1998–2009, which is the longest continous NOy data set reported from the lower free troposphere worldwide. Due to stringent emission control regulations, nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions have been reduced significantly in Europe since the late 1980s as well as during the investigation period. However, the time series of NOy at JFJ does not show a consistent trend but a maximum during 2002 to 2004 and a decreasing tendency thereafter. The seasonal cycle of NOy exhibits a maximum in the warm season and a minimum in the cold months, opposite to measurements in the PBL, reflecting the seasonal changes in vertical transport and mixing. Except for summer, the seasonal mean NOx concentrations at JFJ show a high year-to-year variability which is strongly controlled by short episodic pollution events obscuring any long-term trends. The low variability in mean and median NOx values in summer is quite remarkable indicating rapid photochemical conversion of NOx to higher oxidized species (NOz) of the NOy family on a timescale shorter than the time required to transport polluted air from the boundary layer to JFJ. In order to evaluate the quality of the NOy data series, an in-situ intercomparison with a second collocated NOy analyzer with a separate inlet was performed in 2009–2010 which showed an agreement within 10 % including all uncertainties and errors.
Formation of semivolatile inorganic aerosols in the mexico city metropolitan area during the milagro campaign
Authors: Karydis V. A. , Tsimpidi A. P. , Lei W. , Molina L. T. , Pandis S. N.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. One of the most challenging tasks for chemical transport models (CTMs) is the prediction of the formation and partitioning of the major semi-volatile inorganic aerosol components (nitrate, chloride, ammonium) between the gas and particulate phases. In this work the PMCAMx-2008 CTM, which includes the recently developed aerosol thermodynamic model ISORROPIA-II, is applied in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area in order to simulate the formation of the major inorganic aerosol components. The main sources of SO2 (such as the Miguel Hidalgo Refinery and the Francisco Perez Rios Power Plant) in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) are located in Tula, resulting in high predicted PM1 sulfate concentrations (over 25 μg m−3) in that area. The average predicted PM1 nitrate concentrations are up to 3 μg m−3 (with maxima up to 11 μg m−3) in and around the urban center, mostly produced from local photochemistry. The presence of calcium coming from the Tolteca area (7 μg m−3) as well as the rest of the mineral cations (1 μg m−3 potassium, 1 μg m−3 magnesium, 2 μg m−3 sodium, and 3 μg m−3 calcium) from the Texcoco Lake resulted in the formation of a significant amount of aerosol nitrate in the coarse mode with concentrations up to 3 μg m−3 over these areas. PM1−10 chloride is also high and its concentration exceeds 2 μg m−3 in Texcoco Lake. PM ammonium concentrations peak at the center of Mexico City (2 μg m−3) and the Tula vicinity (2.5 μg m−3). The performance of the model for the major inorganic PM components (sulfate, ammonium, nitrate, chloride, sodium, calcium, and magnesium) is encouraging. At T0, the average measured values of PM1 sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and chloride are 3.6 μg m−3, 3.6 μg m−3, 2.1 μg m−3, and 0.35 μg m−3 respectively. The corresponding predicted values are 3.7 μg m−3, 2.8 μg m−3, 1.7 μg m−3, and 0.25 μg m−3. Additional improvements are possible by (i) using a day-dependent emission inventory, (ii) improving the performance of the model regarding the oxidant levels, and (iii) revising the emissions and the chemical composition of the fugitive dust. Sensitivity tests indicate that sulfate concentration in Tula decreases by up to 0.5 μg m−3 after a 50 % reduction of SO2 emissions while it can increase by up to 0.3 μg m−3 when NOx emissions are reduced by 50 %. Nitrate concentration decreases by up to 1 μg m−3 after the 50 % reduction of NOx or NH3 emissions. Ammonium concentration decreases by up to 1 μg m−3, 0.3 μg m−3, and 0.1 μg m−3 after the 50 % reduction of NH3, NOx, and SO2 emissions respectively.
Technical Note: Determination of the metabolically active fraction of benthic foraminifera by means of Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
Authors: Borrelli C. , Sabbatini A. , Luna G. M. , Nardelli M. P. , Sbaffi T. , Morigi C. , Danovaro R. , Negri A.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. Benthic foraminifera are an important component of the marine biota, but protocols for investigating their viability and metabolism are still extremely limited. Classical studies on benthic foraminifera have been based on direct counting under light microscopy. Typically, these organisms are stained with Rose Bengal, which binds proteins and other macromolecules, but does not allow discrimination between viable and recently dead organisms. The fluorescent in situ hybridization technique (FISH) represents a new and useful approach to identify living cells possessing an active metabolism. Our work is the first test of the suitability of the FISH technique, based on fluorescent probes targeting the 18S rRNA, to detect live benthic foraminifera. The protocol was applied on Ammonia group and Miliolids, as well as on agglutinated polythalamous (i.e., Leptohalysis scottii and Eggerella scabra) and soft-shelled monothalamous (i.e., Psammophaga sp. and saccamminid morphotypes) taxa. The results from FISH analyses were compared with those obtained, on the same specimens assayed with FISH, from microscopic analysis of the cytoplasm colour, presence of pigments and pseudopodial activity. Our results indicate that FISH targets only metabolically active foraminifera, and allows discerning from low to high cellular activity, validating the hypothesis that the intensity of the fluorescent signal emitted by the probe is dependent upon the physiological status of cells. These findings support the usefulness of this molecular approach as a key tool for obtaining information on the physiology of living foraminifera, both in field and experimental settings.
Future water availability in selected European catchments: a probabilistic assessment of seasonal flows under the IPCC A1B emission scenario using response surfaces
Authors: Weiß M.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. A grid-based water balance model is used to quantify exceedance probabilities of high and low stream flow thresholds, and analyse their progression over the course of the 21st century. The analysis is carried out for 18 European river basins using the response surface method in combination with probabilistic projections of climate change, conditional to the IPCC A1B emission scenario up to 2100. According to this study, Nordic basins have the highest probability of high flow threshold violation in Europe, while in Central and Southern European basins, the probability of low flow threshold violation is highest. While the high flow violation occurs mostly during winter, with other seasons being likewise probable, low flow violation only occurs in summer. Some basins are facing an increased stream flow amplitude, having high probabilities for both, high flow and low flow violations.
Enhancement or Suppression of ACE Inhibitory Activity by a Mixture of Tea and Foods for Specified Health Uses (FOSHU) That Are Marketed as “Support for Normal Blood Pressure”
Authors: Murakami Isao , Hosono Hiroyuki , Suzuki Shigeto , Kurihara Junichi , Itagaki Fumio , Watanabe Machiko
Published: August 2011

The ACE inhibitory activities of mixtures of FOSHUs (Healthya, Goma-Mugicha, Lapis Support and Ameal) were examined in order to identify any antihypertensive interactions. Among combinations of Healthya with other samples that contain active peptides, only that with Ameal was found to have no inhibitory activity. Enhanced activity was observed in 2 other mixtures. The activity of a mixture of tea polyphenols and the whey component extracted from an Ameal solution was significantly decreased, thus demonstrating that whey protein lowered the ACE inhibitory activity of Healthya. Although oral administration of tea polyphenols alone significantly decreased SBP in SHR at 2 and 4 hr, combined administration with Ameal failed to decrease SBP at the same time points. In conclusion, the simultaneous intake of tea and FOSHUs that contain active peptides might affect daily self-antihypertensive management via enhancement or suppression of ACE inhibitory activity.
Proteases in Plasma and Kidney of db/db Mice as Markers of Diabetes-Induced Nephropathy
Authors: Hadler-Olsen E. , Winberg J.-O. , Reinholt F. P. , Larsen T. , Uhlin-Hansen L. , Jenssen T. , Berg E. , Kolset S. O.
Published: August 2011

Db/db mice are overweight, dyslipidemic and develop diabetic complications, relevant for similar complications in human type 2 diabetes. We have used db/db and db/+ control mice to investigate alterations in proteinase expression and activity in circulation and kidneys by SDS-PAGE zymography, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and in situ zymography. Plasma from db/db mice contained larger amounts of serine proteinases compared to db/+ mice. Kidneys from the db/db mice had a significantly larger glomerular surface area and somewhat thicker glomerular basement membranes compared to the db/+ mice. Furthermore, kidney extracts from db/+ mice contained metalloproteinases withMrof approximately 92000, compatible with MMP-9, not observed in db/db mice. These results indicate that higher levels of serine proteinases in plasma may serve as potential markers for kidney changes in db/db mice, whereas a decrease in MMP-9 in the kidney may be related to the glomerular changes.
Functionalization of the 3‐Position of Thiophene and Benzo[b]thiophene Moieties by Palladium‐Catalyzed CC Bond Forming Reactions using Diazonium Salts
Authors: Raduán Mónica , Padrosa Joaquim , Pla‐Quintana Anna , Parella Teodor , Roglans Anna
Published: August 2011

The palladium‐catalyzed Matsuda–Heck and Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐couplings of 2‐methoxycarbonylthiophene‐3‐diazonium tetrafluoroborate 1 were performed to synthesize a series of thiophene derivatives functionalized in the β‐position. Good to excellent yields of the cross‐coupling products were obtained using palladium acetate [Pd(OAc)2], a ligandless palladium catalyst, without a base, at room temperature, under aerobic conditions and with short reaction times. A diazotization and cross‐coupling sequence can also be performed in a one‐pot process avoiding the isolation of the thiophenediazonium salt derivative. In addition, 2‐methoxycarbonylbenzo[b]thiophene‐3‐diazonium tetrafluoroborate 8 was also efficiently arylated by applying the same Suzuki–Miyaura optimized reaction conditions.
Intramolecular Oxidation of the Alcohol Functionalities in Hydroxyalkyl‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Iridium and Rhodium
Authors: Benítez Miriam , Mas‐Marzá Elena , Mata José A. , Peris Eduardo
Published: August 2011

A series of hydroxyalkyl‐functionalized imidazolium salts have been coordinated to Rh and Ir to afford the corresponding MCp*–(NHC) (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) complexes. The reactivity of the new complexes has been studied with special attention to the transformations that deal with the alcohol functionality. The metal‐mediated intramolecular transformations allowed the formation of several products that resulted from the oxidation of the alcohols to aldehydes and esters. All the new complexes have been fully characterized, and the crystal structures of the most representative complexes have been resolved.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Temperature Behavior and Polymorphism in Novel Members of the Perovskite Family Pb2LnSbO6 (Ln: Ho, Er, Yb, Lu).
Authors: Larregola Sebastian A. , Alonso Jose A. , Sheptyakov Denis , Alguero Miguel , Munoz Angel , Pomjakushin Vladimir , Pedregosa Jose C.
Published: August 2011

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions of PbO, Ln2O3, and Sb2O3 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Complex Nanoscale Cage Clusters Built from Uranyl Polyhedra and Phosphate Tetrahedra.
Authors: Unruh Daniel K. , Ling Jie , Qiu Jie , Pressprich Laura , Baranay Melissa , Ward Matthew , Burns Peter C.
Published: August 2011

Crystals of Ba15 [(UO2)30(O2)30(OH)30] (I), (K,Li)42 [(UO2)42(O2)42(OH)42] (II), (K,Li)51 [(UO2)30(O2)30 (P2O7)12(PO4) (H2O)5] (III), (K,Li)48 [(UO2)42(O2)42(OH)36 (P2O7)3](H2O)92 (IV), and (K,Li)42 [(UO2)30(O2)39 (P2O7)6] (V) are obtained from aqueous alkaline solutions containing UO2(NO3)2 and H2O2.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Growth of a Core—Shell Polyoxometalate.
Authors: Fang Xikui , Koegerler Paul , Furukawa Yuji , Speldrich Manfred , Luban Marshall
Published: August 2011

Compound (IV) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 2 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed anti‐Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Carbonyl (α‐Trifluoromethyl)allylation from the Alcohol or Aldehyde Oxidation Level.
Authors: Gao Xin , Zhang Yong Jian , Krische Michael J.
Published: August 2011

The title reaction of allyl benzoate (I) with primary alcohols efficiently proceeds in the presence of a base and a stoichiometric amount of water to suppress transesterification.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Epoxide Ring Opening Catalyzed by Bis(tetrahydroisoquinoline) N,N′‐Dioxides.
Authors: Kadlcikova Aneta , Vlasana Klara , Kotora Martin
Published: August 2011

Two earlier synthesized (compounds Ia) and two novel (compounds Ib) axially chiral N‐oxide catalysts are tested in the ring opening of epoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Supported Ionic Liquid Catalyst (Pd‐SH‐SILC) Immobilized on Mercaptopropyl Silica Gel as a Chemoselective, Reusable and Heterogeneous Catalyst for Catalytic Hydrogenation.
Authors: Hagiwara Hisahiro , Nakamura Tomomi , Hoshi Takashi , Suzuki Toshio
Published: August 2011

A novel heterogeneous palladium catalyst is prepared and successfully applied in the chemoselective hydrogenation of a variety of unsaturated substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Arylation of Heteroarenes Catalyzed by a Palladium—1,10‐Phenanthroline Complex.
Authors: Takita Ryo , Fujita Daichi , Ozawa Fumiyuki
Published: August 2011

The arylation of thiophene, furan, and indole derivatives is conducted by using palladium acetate and phenanthroline as catalyst precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Alkyl Formates from Corresponding Alcohols Using Ethyl Formate Catalyzed by Poly(4‐vinylpyridinium tribromide) under Neutral and Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Norouzi Masoomeh
Published: August 2011

The advantages of the procedure are avoidance of metallic and acidic catalysts, organic solvents, corrosive and toxic reagents and operational simplicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Ester‐Containing Indium Homoenolate and Its Application in Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling with Aryl Halide.
Authors: Shen Zhi‐Liang , Goh Kelvin Kau Kiat , Wong Colin Hong An , Yang Yong‐Sheng , Lai Yin‐Chang , Cheong Hao‐Lun , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: August 2011

The synthesis of ester‐containing indium homoenolates via a direct insertion of indium into ω‐halo esters (I) or ‐ketones (IV) in the presence of CuI/LiCl is described.
ChemInform Abstract: NbCl3‐Catalyzed Three‐Component [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Terminal Alkynes, Internal Alkynes, and Alkenes to 1,3,4,5‐Tetrasubstituted 1,3‐Cyclohexadienes.
Authors: Satoh Yasushi , Obora Yasushi
Published: August 2011

The title reaction allows an efficient and highly regioselective access to 1,3,4,5‐tetrasubstituted cyclohexadienes.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Methylthiolation of Aryl Halides with DMSO.
Authors: Luo Fang , Pan Changduo , Li Liping , Chen Fan , Cheng Jiang
Published: August 2011

A Cu‐mediated methylthiolation of aryl halides (I) with DMSO (II) as terminal methylthiolation source is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of a Novel Class of Dithiocarbamic Acid Esters as Anticancer Agent.
Authors: Hou Xueling , Ge Zemei , Wang Tingmin , Guo Wei , Wu Jun , Cui Jingrong , Lai Chingsan , Li Runtao
Published: August 2011

A series of new dithiocarbamates [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzannulated Spiroketals Using an Oxidative Radical Cyclization.
Authors: Sperry Jonathan , Liu Yen‐Cheng , Wilson Zoe E. , Hubert Jonathan G. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: August 2011

A strategy for the synthesis of benzannulated spiroketals through oxidative radical cyclization is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Iodopyrroles by Cycloisomerization of Propargylic Aziridines with Iodine.
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Easmin Salina , Al‐Amin Mohammad , Hirai Yuuki , Shishido Kozo
Published: August 2011

In the case of N‐tosyl‐substituted substrates, the title cycloisomerization requires a platinum catalyst to promote the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of Substituted Isoindolines.
Authors: Williams Florence J. , Jarvo Elizabeth R.
Published: August 2011

Isoindolines are obtained with high cis‐diastereochemistry by reaction of imines with organo‐boron compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Oxidative C—N Bond Formation for the Synthesis of Carbazoles: Comparison of Reactivity Between the Copper‐Catalyzed and Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Cho Seung Hwan , Yoon Jungho , Chang Sukbok
Published: August 2011

The carbazole synthesis from N‐substituted amidobiphenyls is facilitated by combined use of a copper catalyst and an idodine(III) species.
ChemInform Abstract: Atom‐Economical Synthesis of 2‐Aminoimidazoles via [3 + 2] Annulation Catalyzed by Titanacarborane Monoamide.
Authors: Wang Yang , Shen Hao , Xie Zuowei
Published: August 2011

The reaction of propargylamines (I), (IV), and (VI) with carbodiimides (II) in the presence of the title catalyst affords a new class of substituted aminoimidazoles in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Synthesis of Triazole‐Containing Triaryl α‐Helix Mimetics.
Authors: Ehlers Ina , Maity Prantik , Aube Jeffrey , Koenig Burkhard
Published: August 2011

Three different scaffold types are synthesized that mimic the geometric arrangement of side chains in an α‐helical peptide.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Reaction of β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketoesters with Phenols in Trityl Chloride/TFA System. Highly Selective Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐2H‐chromenes and Their Applications.
Authors: Wu Yan‐Chao , Li Hui‐Jing , Liu Li , Liu Zhe , Wang Dong , Chen Yong‐Jun
Published: August 2011

Trityl chloride—TFA‐promoted reaction of β,γ‐unsaturated α‐ketoesters (II) with a variety of phenols (I), (X) and (XII) proceeds efficiently to afford title arylchromenes (III), (XI) and (XIII), resp., in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Access to H‐Pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolines via Sequential Reaction of N′‐(2‐Alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazides.
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Pan Xiaolin , Wu Jie
Published: August 2011

A one‐pot sequential reaction between N‐(alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazide (I), bromine, α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes (II), and methanol (III) generates the pyrazoloisoquinolines (IV) under mild conditions in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of α,β‐Unsaturated Imines and Isocyanates.
Authors: Oberg Kevin M. , Rovis Tomislav
Published: August 2011

The title reaction allows the synthesis of pyrimidinones such as (III) possessing a substitution pattern complementary to that of Biginelli adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed O—H Insertion of α‐Diazo Phosphonates.
Authors: Zhu Shou‐Fei , Chen Wang‐Qiao , Zhang Qian‐Qian , Mao Hong‐Xiang , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: August 2011

The asymmetric O—H insertion of α‐diazo phosphonates with alcohols in the presence of a catalyst, generated in situ from a Cu(I) precursor, a chiral spiro bisoxazoline ligand and a sodium borate, provides good yields of α‐alkoxy phosphonates with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: The Introduction of a Double Bond on the Steroid Skeleton — The Preparation of Enol Silyl Ether Derivatives from Vicinal Diols.
Authors: Marek Ales , Klepetarova Blanka , Elbert Tomas
Published: August 2011

Conditions for the transformation of a 2,3‐diol group of common brassinosteroids to a 2,3‐bis(silyloxy) enol group, a suitable precursor for regio‐ and stereoselective labelling reactions, are established.
ChemInform Abstract: Hirsutosterols A—G, Polyoxygenated Steroids from a Formosan Soft Coral Cladiella hirsuta.
Authors: Chen Bo‐Wei , Chang Shu‐Ming , Huang Chiung‐Yao , Su Jui‐Hsin , Wen Zhi‐Hong , Wu Yang‐Chang , Sheu Jyh‐Horng
Published: August 2011

isolation and structure elucidation of hirsutosterols A (Ia), B (Ib), C (Ic), D (IIa), E (IIb), F (IIc), and G (III), promising cytotoxic activity of hirsutosterol A (Ia) against several cancer cell lines
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydrohymenialdisines, New Pyrrole‐2‐aminoimidazole Alkaloids from the Marine Sponge Cymbastela cantharella.
Authors: Sauleau Pierre , Retailleau Pascal , Nogues Stephanie , Carletti Isabelle , Marcourt Laurence , Raux Roselyne , Al Mourabit Ali , Debitus Cecile
Published: August 2011

(+)‐Dihydrohymenialdisine (Ia), (‐)‐dihydrohymenialdisine (IIa) and their debromo analogues are identified as new products.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Mechanism and Deactivation Modes of Heterogeneous Catalytic Systems
Authors: Kumbilieva K. , Petrov L. , Alhamed Y. , Alzahrani A.
Published: August 2011

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Vapour Deposition Technique Used for Coatings. An Assessment of Current Status
Authors: Apreutesei Mihai , Arvinte Ionela Roxana , Blaj Emilia
Published: August 2011

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Centers in Acyclic Systems
Authors: Das Jaya Prakash , Marek Ilan
Published: August 2011

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Reactions Accelerate the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Authors: Vaxelaire Carine , Winter Philipp , Christmann Mathias
Published: August 2011

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Developments in Chiral Binaphthyl‐Derived Broensted/Lewis Acids and Hydrogen‐Bond‐Donor Organocatalysis.
Authors: Schenker Sebastian , Zamfir Alexandru , Freund Matthias , Tsogoeva Svetlana B.
Published: August 2011

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Xanthane Sesquiterpenoids: Structure, Synthesis and Biological Activity
Authors: Vasas Andrea , Hohmann Judit
Published: August 2011

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic C—H Amination: The Stereoselectivity Issue
Authors: Collet Florence , Lescot Camille , Dauban Philippe
Published: August 2011

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilization of Bio‐Macromolecules on Self‐Assembled Monolayers: Methods and Sensor Applications
Authors: Samanta Debasis , Sarkar Amitabha
Published: August 2011

Review: 221 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Long‐Range Standoff Detection of Chemical, Biological, and Explosive Hazards on Surfaces
Authors: Fountain, Augustus Way III , Guicheteau Jason A. , Pearman William F. , Chyba Thomas H. , Christesen Steven D.
Published: August 2011

Review: 40 refs.
Improving Hull and White's Method of Estimating Portfolio Value‐at‐Risk
Authors: Changchien Chang‐Cheng , Lin Chu‐Hsiung , Yang Hsien‐Chueh Peter
Published: August 2011

We propose a method approach. We use six international stock price indices and three hypothetical portfolios formed by these indices. The sample was observed daily from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2006. Confirmed by the failure rates and backtesting developed by Kupiec (Technique for verifying the accuracy of risk measurement models. Journal of Derivatives 1995; 3: 73–84) and Christoffersen (Evaluating interval forecasts. International Economic Review 1998; 39: 841–862), the empirical results show that our method can considerably improve the estimation accuracy of value‐at‐risk. Thus the study establishes an effective alternative model for risk prediction and hence also provides a reliable tool for the management of portfolios. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstructing paleolandscapes and prehistoric occupation of Wadi Ziqlab, northern Jordan
Authors: Maher Lisa A.
Published: August 2011

Geoarchaeological survey conducted in Wadi Ziqlab focused on reconstructing landscape change in the river valley and relating these changes to shifts in prehistoric settlement. Micromorphology was used to identify a Late Pleistocene paleosol that once comprised a relatively continuous soil cover throughout the main valley and allowed stratigraphic correlations between examined sections. Warmer and wetter conditions during the Late Pleistocene supported substantial occupation of the wadi during this time at the Epipaleolithic site of 'Uyun al‐Hammam, and other contemporary sites in the wadi. The complete lack of late EP and early Neolithic sites throughout the wadi result from large‐scale erosion during the Younger Dryas, which removed any traces of these sites. Later Neolithic and subsequent occupation of the valley occurred within a notably different climatic regime. The pattern of prehistoric occupation and differential preservation of the archaeological record emphasizes the importance of local geoarchaeological investigations as the depositional sequence found in any one wadi is not necessarily traceable to other wadis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
e‐Participation Model for Sustainable Cultural Tourism Management: a Bottom‐Up Approach
Authors: Chiabai Aline , Paskaleva Krassimira , Lombardi Patrizia
Published: August 2011

The paper presents a ‘bottom‐up approach’ for cultural tourism management, based on the development of an e‐participation website for an Italian city, where the stakeholders are placed at the centre of the decisional process. The analysis provides an indication on how to personalize and differentiate the cultural tourism offer according to the stakeholders’ perspectives and to specific territorial characteristics. Innovative techniques of stakeholders’ engagement are offered by information and communication technologies tools that can play a vital role in today's cultural destinations. However, the study shows that the Web is yet to be utilized as an effective tool in stakeholders’ participation processes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trauma and psychotic symptoms: Data from a pediatric mental health inpatient unit
Authors: Hainsworth Cassandra , Starling Jean , Brand Fernande , Groen Kaz , Munro Karen
Published: August 2011

This study describes differences in symptoms in young people with psychosis, with and without a history of trauma. The files of 118 mental health inpatients, aged 8 to 18 years, all reporting hallucinations and/or delusions, were reviewed for a history of trauma. Symptoms reported by inpatients with and without a history of trauma were compared. Variables found to be significantly associated with trauma in the univariate analysis were entered into a logistic regression analysis. Variables were entered if they met a significance of p < .05 or an adjusted odds ratio of < 2. Young people with a history of trauma reported a highly significant increase in disturbed behavior, particularly those with a history of sexual assault. This study illustrates the importance of obtaining an adequate assessment of children and adolescents with psychotic symptoms to ensure they receive the most effective treatment.
Probabilistic Substructure Mining From Small‐Molecule Screens
Authors: Ranu Sayan , Calhoun Bradley T. , Singh Ambuj K. , Swamidass S. Joshua
Published: August 2011

Identifying the overrepresented substructures from a set of molecules with similar activity is a common task in chemical informatics. Existing substructure miners are deterministic, requiring the activity of all mined molecules to be known with high confidence. In contrast, we introduce pGraphSig, a probabilistic structure miner, which effectively mines structures from noisy data, where many molecules are labeled with their probability of being active. We benchmark pGraphSig on data from several small‐molecule high throughput screens, finding that it can more effectively identify overrepresented structures than a deterministic structure miner.
Electron beam radiation effects on UHMWPE: an EPR study
Authors: Brunella Valentina , Paganini Maria Cristina
Published: August 2011

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique has been employed to detect and characterise a series of different radical species generated in ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) via electron beam irradiation. Three different radical species have been found and assigned on the basis of their EPR spectra and of the related computer simulations. A secondary alkyl species, the prevalent one, is present immediately after irradiation, an allyl species appears only 24 h after irradiation when the alkyl species disappears.The third species, clearly visible at high microwave power only, has been observed for the first time and assigned to a tertiary alkyl carbon radical, whose formation is strictly connected with a Y‐shape crosslink and a migration of the unpaired electron on a carbon atom localised in an adjacent position. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.