bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tethya wilhelma (Porifera) Is Highly Resistant to Radiation Exposure and Possibly Cancer
Authors: Fortunato Angelo , Taylor Jake , Scirone Jonathan , Seyedi Sareh , Aktipis Athena , Maley Carlo C.
Published: February 2025

There are no reports of cancer in sponges, despite them having somatic cell turnover, long lifespans, and no specialized adaptive immune cells. In order to investigate whether sponges are cancer resistant, we exposed a species of sponge, Tethya wilhelma, to X-rays. We found that T. wilhelma can withstand 518 Gy of X-ray radiation. That is approximately 100 times the lethal dose for humans. A single high dose of X-rays did not induce cancer in T. wilhelma, providing the first experimental evidence of cancer resistance in the phylum Porifera. Following X-ray exposure, we found an overexpression of genes involved in DNA repair, signaling transduction pathways, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. T. wilhelma has the highest level of radiation resistance that has yet been observed in animals that have sustained somatic cell turnover. This may make them an excellent model system for studying cancer resistance and developing new approaches for cancer prevention and treatment.
Targeting the PARylation-Dependent Ubiquitination Signaling Pathway for Cancer Therapies
Authors: Huang Daoyuan , Wang Jingchao , Chen Li , Jiang Weiwei , Inuzuka Hiroyuki , Simon David K. , Wei Wenyi
Published: February 2025

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a dynamic protein post-translational modification (PTM) mediated by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), which regulates a plethora of essential biological processes, such as DNA repair, gene expression, and signal transduction. Among these, PAR-dependent ubiquitination (PARdU) plays a pivotal role in tagging PARylated substrates for subsequent ubiquitination and degradation events through the coordinated action of enzymes, including the E3 ligase RNF146 and the ADP-ribosyltransferase tankyrase. Notably, this pathway has emerged as a key regulator of tumorigenesis, immune modulation, and cell death. This review elucidates the molecular mechanisms of the PARdU pathway, including the RNF146–tankyrase interaction, substrate specificity, and upstream regulatory pathways. It also highlights the biological functions of PARdU in DNA damage repair, signaling pathways, and metabolic regulation, with a focus on its therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Strategies targeting PARdU, such as tankyrase and RNF146 inhibitors, synthetic lethality approaches, and immune checkpoint regulation, offer promising avenues for precision oncology. These developments underscore the potential of PARdU as a transformative therapeutic target in combating various types of human cancer.
Ubiquitin-Specific Protease Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
Authors: Bakkar Mohamad , Khalil Sara , Bhayekar Komal , Kushwaha Narva Deshwar , Samarbakhsh Amirreza , Dorandish Sadaf , Edwards Holly , Dou Q. Ping , Ge Yubin , Gavande Navnath S.
Published: February 2025

Cancer management has traditionally depended on chemotherapy as the mainstay of treatment; however, recent advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapies have offered new options. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) have emerged as promising therapeutic targets in cancer treatment due to their crucial roles in regulating protein homeostasis and various essential cellular processes. This review covers the following: (1) the structural and functional characteristics of USPs, highlighting their involvement in key cancer-related pathways, and (2) the discovery, chemical structures, mechanisms of action, and potential clinical implications of USP inhibitors in cancer therapy. Particular attention is given to the role of USP inhibitors in enhancing cancer immunotherapy, e.g., modulation of the tumor microenvironment, effect on regulatory T cell function, and influence on immune checkpoint pathways. Furthermore, this review summarizes the current progress and challenges of clinical trials involving USP inhibitors as cancer therapy. We also discuss the complexities of achieving target selectivity, the ongoing efforts to develop more specific and potent USP inhibitors, and the potential of USP inhibitors to overcome drug resistance and synergize with existing cancer treatments. We finally provide a perspective on future directions in targeting USPs, including the potential for personalized medicine based on specific gene mutations, underscoring their significant potential for enhancing cancer treatment. By elucidating their mechanisms of action, clinical progress, and potential future applications, we hope that this review could serve as a useful resource for both basic scientists and clinicians in the field of cancer therapeutics.
Modulating PAK1: Accessory Proteins as Promising Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Mirzaiebadizi Amin , Shafabakhsh Rana , Ahmadian Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2025

The p21-activated kinase (PAK1), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is critical in regulating various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, neutrophil chemotaxis, neuronal polarization, and endothelial barrier function. Aberrant PAK1 activity has been implicated in the progression of several human diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders. Increased PAK1 expression is often associated with poor clinical prognosis, invasive tumor characteristics, and therapeutic resistance. Despite its importance, the cellular mechanisms that modulate PAK1 function remain poorly understood. Accessory proteins, essential for the precise assembly and temporal regulation of signaling pathways, offer unique advantages as therapeutic targets. Unlike core signaling components, these modulators can attenuate aberrant signaling without completely abolishing it, potentially restoring signaling to physiological levels. This review highlights PAK1 accessory proteins as promising and novel therapeutic targets, opening new horizons for disease treatment.
The Role of Early Risk Factor Modification and Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation Substrate Remodeling Prevention
Authors: Koniari Ioanna , Bozika Maria , Nastouli Kassiani-Maria , Tzegka Dimitra , Apostolos Anastasios , Velissaris Dimitrios , Leventopoulos Georgios , Perperis Angelos , Kounis Nicholas G. , Tsigkas Grigorios , Davlouros Periklis
Published: February 2025

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, contributing to significant morbidity and healthcare burden worldwide. This review evaluates the role of early risk factor modification and timely catheter ablation in preventing AF progression and improving patient outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies published after the ESC 2020 guidelines for the diagnosis and management of AF up to the release of the updated ESC 2024 guidelines for the management of AF. Keywords included “atrial fibrillation”, “catheter ablation”, “risk factor management”, and “psychological stress”. Relevant clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included, with particular emphasis on novel studies contributing to the ESC 2024 updated recommendations. Traditional risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea, alcohol consumption, and physical exertion are well established in AF progression. Early evidence also suggests a role for psychological stress and mood disorders, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in increasing AF susceptibility. Psychological stress and mood disorders are linked to AF primarily through behavioral changes such as poor medication adherence, unhealthy lifestyle choices, and increased substance use. Recent guidelines recommend early catheter ablation in selected patients to reduce AF burden, prevent atrial remodeling, and improve quality of life, particularly in those resistant to antiarrhythmic drugs or individuals with AF-induced cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of a patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach, integrating electrophysiologists, cardiologists, and primary care providers with structured risk factor interventions and shared decision-making. Despite these advances, gaps remain in defining optimal timing, patient selection, and long-term benefits of catheter ablation in persistent AF, necessitating the need for further research. By integrating early intervention, personalized treatment strategies, and collaborative care models, we may usher in a paradigm shift in AF management, improving long-term cardiovascular outcomes and patient quality of life.
Immunohistochemistry Analysis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease—Should We Bring to Light Interleukin-10?
Authors: Pavel Christopher , Diculescu Mircea Mihai , Ilie Madalina , Plotogea Oana-Mihaela , Sandru Vasile , Enache Valentin , Gheonea Dan-Ionut , Jichitu Alexandra , Constantinescu Alexandru , Serban Robert-Emmanuel , Bogu Cosmin Viorel , Liscu Horia-Dan , Stepan Alex-Emilian
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic intestinal disorders with an unpredictable course. In parallel with the advent of new biologic therapies targeting specific interleukin pathways, end-point targets have become more stringent, aiming for mucosal and even histologic healing. Methods: We conducted a prospective study assessing immunohistochemical (IHC) parameters in 46 IBD patients treated with biologic therapy. A similar IHC analysis was performed for comparison with a cohort of 10 “non-IBD” patients. Results: The highest integrated optical density (IOD) of TNF-α was observed in patients with dysplasia, abscesses, mucin depletion and basal plasmacytosis. Non-responders had higher pre- and post-treatment TNF-α expression in both UC and CD compared to responders. On the contrary, the same analysis conducted in the subpopulation treated with anti-TNF-α therapy (Infliximab and Adalimumab) did not reveal a substantial difference in TNF-α expression between responders and non-responders. High pre-treatment interleukin-10 expression was associated with biologic therapy failure, histological inflammatory activity and longer disease duration. Conclusions: Pre-treatment assessment of IL-10 might be a useful tool for identifying a high-risk subset of IBD patients and determining a more aggressive therapy and intensive monitoring strategy.
Effect of N-Acetyl Cysteine as an Adjuvant Treatment in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lomelí Martínez Sarah Monserrat , Pacheco Moisés Fermín Paul , Bitzer-Quintero Oscar Kurt , Ramírez-Jirano Javier , Delgado-Lara Daniela L. C. , Cortés Trujillo Irán , Torres Jasso Juan Heriberto , Salazar-Flores Joel , Torres-Sánchez Erandis Dheni
Published: February 2025

Oxidative stress levels are exacerbated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This phenomenon feeds back into the overactivation of oxidase enzymes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), with the stimulation of their receptors (RAGE). These factors stimulate Aβ peptide aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation through multiple pathways, which are addressed in this paper. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regulatory effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on oxidant/antioxidant balance as an adjuvant treatment in patients with AD. The results obtained showed that NAC supplementation produced improved cognitive performance, decreased levels of oxidative stress markers, lowered activities of oxidase enzymes, increased antioxidant responses, and attenuated inflammatory and apoptotic markers. Moreover, NAC reversed mitochondrial dysfunction, lowered AGEs-RAGE formation, attenuated Aβ peptide oligomerization, and reduced phosphorylation of tau, thereby halting the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and the progression of AD.
Beauty Is Not Always a Perk: The Role of Attractiveness and Social Interest in Trust Decisions
Authors: Shang Junchen , Zhang Yizhuo
Published: February 2025

This study examined the impact of males’ facial and vocal attractiveness, as well as social interest in females’ decision-making in a trust game. The results showed that trustees with attractive faces or expressing positive social interest were more likely to receive initial investments. Trustees with attractive voices also received more initial investments than unattractive ones in most conditions, except when they had attractive faces and positive interest. Moreover, participants reinvest in trustees with attractive faces or voices, even if they withheld repayment. However, trustees with positive interest would receive more reinvestment only when they reciprocated. In addition, trusters expressing positive social interest were expected to invest and earn repayment at higher rates. Nonetheless, trusters with attractive faces (or voices) were only expected to invest at higher rates when they had attractive voices (or faces) and negative interest. These findings suggest that beauty premium is modulated by participants’ roles, such that the effect of beauty would be stronger when participants encounter trustees rather than trusters. Positive social interest is a perk in most conditions, except when trustees withheld repayment.
Investigating the Influencing Factors and Correlation Between Popularity and Emotion of Public Opinion During Disasters: Evidence from the “7.20” Rainstorm in China
Authors: Chen Anying , Liu Yixuan , Huang Yanlin , Su Guofeng , Yuan Dinghuan
Published: February 2025

Disasters not only directly cause casualties and property losses but also significantly impact public opinion. In order to identify the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of public opinion during disasters, this paper put forward an analytical framework for analyzing public opinion, which clarified the relationships among key characteristics of public opinion and emphasized the role of official agencies in the processes of information releasing and information feedback. Guided by this framework, this paper collected the public opinion on Sina Weibo during the extraordinary “7.20” rainstorm in Henan Province, China. By analyzing the changes in the discussion regarding both the popularity of and the emotion displayed in Sina Weibo comments over time, it was found that the evolution of public opinion was closely related to disaster development. Novel informational content or innovative forms of information contribute to enhancing the discussion of popularity, while the events or emotions expressed within the information elicit corresponding emotional responses from the public. As popularity increased, the prevalence of negative emotions was observed to diminish concurrently with a rise in the proportion of neutral emotions. Based on these results, some suggestions on the management of public opinion during disasters were put forward.
Omission of Axillary Surgery After Neoadjuvant Therapy in Her2-Positive Breast Cancer: Who Are the Candidates?
Authors: Hamdy Omar , Atallah Khalid , Elsergany Alyaa R. , Atwa Sara , Abdo Rana , Zaher Ali , Abdelhakiem Mostafa
Published: February 2025

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the lymph node (LN) response in Her2-positive breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and to discuss if axillary staging can be omitted in these patients. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study including patients with Her2+ breast cancer at our center from March 2022 to September 2023. Results: The study included 139 patients in the final analysis; 69.1% of the patients had HR+/Her2+ disease while 30.9% had HR−/Her2+ disease. Most of the included patients (129 patients = 92.8%) had initially node-positive or suspicious disease. A total of 112 patients (80.6%) showed clinically negative axillary LNs (cN0) after NAT. All of them showed pathologically node-negative disease. When comparing the pathological node-positive vs. -negative groups, the following was found to be statistically significant: degree of Her2 positivity, number of anti-Her2 cycles, pre- and post-neoadjuvant LN status, and primary tumor radiological and pathological response. Also, all T1 tumors before NAT showed negative LNs after NAT, but it was statistically non-significant. Conclusions: Axillary staging may be omitted in Her2+ patients with cN0 after NAT, especially those with early tumors, strong Her2+ disease, cN0 before NAT, and those in whom the primary tumor achieved a complete clinical response.
Knowledge Deficit About How Chemotherapy Affects Long-Term Survival in Testicular Tumor Patients
Authors: Buerk Bjoern Thorben , Helke Charlotte , Richter Emilia , Menzel Viktoria , Borkowetz Angelika , Thomas Christian , Baunacke Martin
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Patients with germ cell tumors have a good prognosis, which is partly due to platin-based chemotherapy. However, the long-term effects of CTx may play a relevant role in the long-term effects. Up to now, little is known about the knowledge that testicular tumor survivors have about these long-term effects. Methods: A survey of testicular tumor patients treated at the University Hospital Dresden from 2011 up to 2021 was conducted. Patients who had received CTx were asked about their knowledge of the therapy and long-term effects. Results: Of the 279 returns (6 deceased, 46 unavailable, 64% response), 198 patients had received CTx. This was followed up by 63 different urologists. The follow-up period was 5.3 ± 2.9 years. A total of 5% (10/197) did not remember receiving CTx. A total of 55% (102/187) could not name the type of CTx. The most commonly known long-term effects were the risk of second tumors (63%) and andrological problems (59–60%). A total of 18.7% of patients did not know any long-term effects. Half of the patients (54.3%) knew a maximum of 5/14 long-term effects. In a multivariate analysis, a low educational degree (OR 2.2 (1.2–4.3); p = 0.02) and one course of carboplatin (OR 3.1 (1.1–9.3); p = 0.04) were the independent predictors for a knowledge deficit. Conclusions: Germ cell tumor patients have a low level of awareness of the long-term effects of CTx. This results in a risk of inadequate prevention and follow-up, which, in turn, may have an impact on patients’ long-term survival.
Impact of Small Area Level Deprivation on Colorectal Cancer Survival: Findings from the Regional Cancer Registry in Korea
Authors: Hong Seung Min , Kim Ahreum , Kim Changhoon , Jang Seunghye , Kim Dong Uk , Baek Dong Hoon , Lee Seung Hun , Yi Yu Hyeon , Park Heeseung , Lee Jonghyun , Kim Tae In , Lee Hyun Joo
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Research on the relationship between small-area-level deprivation and cancer survival, particularly for colorectal cancer (CRC), is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the relationship among small area-level deprivation, individual-level factors, and CRC survival using data from the Busan Regional Cancer Registry. Methods: We analyzed 34,999 patients with CRC from the Busan Regional Cancer Registry from 2003 to 2020. The primary outcome was CRC mortality. The explanatory variables at the individual level included age, gender, cancer stage, and year of diagnosis, whereas the Deprivation Index (DI) was used at the regional level. We conducted a multilevel survival analysis with frailty to assess the impact of individual- and area-level factors on survival probabilities. Results: In the multilevel survival model, each unit increase in the DI at the area level was associated with a 6.6% decrease in survival probability. When applying Model 2 and deriving regional estimates using the empirical Bayesian estimation method, the graph of the DI (x-axis) against survival probability (y-axis) showed that the slope of the regional DI for the 3-year and 5-year survival probabilities increased compared with the 1-year rate across all stages of the disease. Additionally, the slopes were steeper for the distant stage than for the local or regional stages. Conclusions: Small-area level deprivation negatively affects CRC survival, especially in distant-stage patients and those with longer disease duration.
Catalytic Performance of Waste-Based Metal Oxides Towards Waste-Based Combustion Process
Authors: Swadchaipong Notsawan , Tongnan Vut , Makdee Ammarika , Hartley Unalome Wetwatana , Sereewatthanawut Issara
Published: February 2025

The catalytic performance of mixed metal oxides in the combustion of paper industrial waste (bark, paper sludge, and waste paper reject) was investigated. The mixed metal oxide catalyst with, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and CaO percentages of 78.57, 9.28, 4.28, and 7.85, respectively, was prepared by mixing iron mill scale, clinker, used cement, and bentonite clay, which were employed as metal oxide precursors. An analysis of the combustion behavior of bark, paper sludge, and waste paper reject with and without a mixed metal oxide catalyst, using the thermogravimetric analysis technique, showed that the ignition temperature remained unchanged after the addition of the catalyst. In contrast, the burnout temperature was reduced from 616.9 to 482.6 °C, 682.0 to 672.5 °C, and 678.1 to 669.9 °C for bark, paper sludge, and waste paper reject, respectively. These results indicated that adding a mixed metal oxide catalyst enhanced the combustion reactivity via the accelerated char combustion of biomass. Furthermore, the products formed during the combustion process with and without a catalyst were investigated in a packed-bed reactor. The gaseous products (H2, CO, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, and CO2) were observed during the combustion process of bark, paper sludge, and waste paper reject at 700 °C, both with and without a mixed metal oxide catalyst. However, higher H2 and CO2 compositions, which are attributed to the catalyst addition, were found in the presence of a catalyst, which improved the tar decomposition and the water–gas shift reaction.
NE-MTOC Formation in Skeletal Muscle Is Mbnl2-Dependent and Occurs in a Sequential and Gradual Manner
Authors: Das Payel , Becker Robert , Vergarajauregui Silvia , Engel Felix B.
Published: February 2025

Non-centrosomal microtubule-organizing centers (ncMTOCs) are important for the function of differentiated cells. Yet, ncMTOCs are poorly understood. Previously, several components of the nuclear envelope (NE)-MTOC have been identified. However, the temporal localization of MTOC proteins and Golgi to the NE and factors controlling the switch from a centrosomal MTOC to a ncMTOC remain elusive. Here, we utilized the in vitro differentiation of C2C12 mouse myoblasts as a model system to study NE-MTOC formation. We find based on longitudinal co-immunofluorescence staining analyses that MTOC proteins are recruited in a sequential and gradual manner to the NE. AKAP9 localizes with the Golgi to the NE after the recruitment of MTOC proteins. Moreover, siRNA-mediated depletion experiments revealed that Mbnl2 is required for proper NE-MTOC formation by regulating the expression levels of AKAP6β. Finally, Mbnl2 depletion affects Pcnt isoform expression. Taken together, our results shed light on how mammals post-transcriptionally control the switch from a centrosomal MTOC to an NE-MTOC and identify Mbnl2 as a novel modulator of ncMTOCs in skeletal muscle cells.
Reconnecting with Gaia to Understand Humanity’s Collective Trauma: Learning from Grandma Belah and Yungadhu
Authors: Ridges Mal
Published: February 2025

Climate change has been described as an existential crisis for humanity. Much has been studied and written about the biophysical and economic factors contributing to climate change, but very little on the psychology of its human-induced origins. In a self-reflective viewpoint influenced by working with Aboriginal people in Australia and connecting deeply with its landscape, this paper explores what connection with nature really means and why some of humanity lost it. It is argued that an alternative avenue for understanding humanity’s existential crisis is to see it as a trauma problem. At the beginning of the Holocene, several cultures around the world, at around the same time, switched to a food storage economy triggered by a rapid change in climate. Little research has explored the psychology of this change, with most focusing on it being an evolutionary success because of the civilised pathway it enabled. However, this paper suggests that it might also be seen as a traumatising process affecting generations of people for millennia and fundamentally altering many people’s relationship with the planet. It is proposed that understanding the psychological origins of the human drivers of climate change could enable collective healing of our relationship with the natural world and that this is necessary to realise planetary health.
Electrochemical Detection of Diclofenac Using a Screen-Printed Electrode Modified with Graphene Oxide and Phenanthroline
Authors: Măghinici Ana-Raluca , Bounegru Alexandra-Virginia , Apetrei Constantin
Published: February 2025

In recent years, interest in screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) has grown due to their wide range of applications. Diclofenac (DCF), a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is a subject of interest in pharmaceutical research as well as environmental research, primarily due to its environmental contamination and therapeutic applications. This study describes the development and characterization of an innovative screen-printed sensor based on graphene oxide (GO) and phenanthroline (PHEN) for the rapid and highly sensitive determination of diclofenac. The modified sensor was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical behavior of the screen-printed electrodes was assessed through cyclic voltammetry (CV) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and potassium ferrocyanide/potassium ferricyanide solution. The cyclic voltammograms of the electrodes modified with GO and PHEN revealed peaks in PBS related to redox processes of PHEN immobilized in the carbonaceous matrix. Additionally, the active surface area of the electrodes was found to be larger for the modified carbon screen-printed electrode with GO and PHEN, which also showed improved sensitivity to the detection of DCF. The limit of detection (1.53 nM) and the sensitivity of the novel sensor were promising, and these performance characteristics enabled the sensitive detection of DCF in different pharmaceutical products. The selectivity was confirmed to be appropriate based on recovery studies conducted with the pharmaceutical products, which produced values close to 100%.
Exploring the Landscape of Integrative Medicine in Pediatric Oncology: Characterization of an Outpatient Consultative Service
Authors: Wu Han-Wei V. , Dominguez Garcia Diana , Glade Bender Julia L. , Mao Jun J. , Raghunathan Nirupa J.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Symptoms from cancer and treatments often cause pediatric patients and their families to seek complementary and integrative medicine (IM) for relief. The aim of this study was to better describe the characteristics of pediatric patients at a tertiary cancer center who utilize an IM consultative service in the outpatient setting and the associated discussions with a pediatric-focused IM physician. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on initial IM visits for patients aged less than 19 years old at the time of the visit from January 2019 through April 2022 at a tertiary cancer center. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and visit information were abstracted from electronic medical records, and discussions with the provider (presenting symptoms and recommendations) were described. Results: In total, 207 patients and their associated visit discussions met the criteria. About half (47%, n = 97) of the patients were female with a mean patient age of 10 years old (median age 11 years, range 0 to 18 years). The overall most common presenting symptoms were nausea (35%, n = 72), pain (30%, n = 62), and poor appetite (26%, n = 53) with variations between age groups. The most discussed topics were supplements (94%), diet (91%), stress management (82%), IM therapies (60%), and medical cannabis (54%). Conclusions: Priority symptoms reported by patients and referred to the IM outpatient consultative service included nausea, pain, and poor appetite. Concerns were addressed during tailored discussions with patients and their families. Having an outpatient consultative IM service may benefit providers, patients, and families to facilitate receiving evidence-informed recommendations in a dedicated, consolidated setting.
Sobering Overview of Traumatic Craniofacial Injuries Involving Drugs and Alcohol: A Comprehensive Analysis of the NEISS Database
Authors: Boroumand Sam , Ajjawi Ismail , Boroumand Tara , Allam Omar , Huelsboemer Lioba , Stögner Viola A. , Kauke-Navarro Martin , Haykal Siba , Alperovich Michael , Pomahac Bohdan
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology of traumatic craniofacial injuries in the U.S. that occur in the context of drugs and/or alcohol. The National Electronic Injury and Surveillance System (NEISS) database was queried from 2019 to 2022 to identify all emergency department (ED) patients with reported traumatic injuries involving craniofacial anatomy. Clinical and demographic variables were assessed between cases that involved drugs/alcohol and those that did not, utilizing two-proportion z-tests. In total, 441,764 patients with traumatic craniofacial injuries were identified, with 20,285 cases involving drugs and/or alcohol. Cases involving drugs/alcohol had a significantly higher frequency of internal injuries (45.3% vs. 34.9%, p < 0.001), fractures (7.0% vs. 3.4%, p < 0.001), and hematomas (4.6% vs. 2.5%, p < 0.001) than those that did not. Craniofacial injuries involving drugs/alcohol also had a significantly higher frequency of falls to the floor (19.2% vs. 11.8%, p < 0.001) and down stairs/steps (18.3% vs. 6.6%, p < 0.001) and resulted in a significantly greater odds of hospital admission after ED presentation (OR 3.75, 95% CI: 3.63–3.88, p < 0.001). Ultimately, these epidemiological findings can be leveraged to provide clinicians invaluable qualitative context for the most frequent presentations of craniofacial injuries they can anticipate to treat among intoxicated patients.
Predicting Wetting Properties for Surfaces with Stochastic Topography
Authors: Schiavon Caroline Schmechel , Felde Nadja , Schröder Sven , Moreira Mario Lucio , Jardim Pedro Lovato Gomes
Published: February 2025

Understanding the influence of topography on wettability is essential for improving the modeling of superhydrophobic surfaces. Moreover, wetting predictions can foresee corrosion, biological contamination, self-cleaning properties, and all phenomena related to wetting. In this context, this research work reports the experimental corroboration of a novel theoretical model for stochastic surfaces that relates the static contact angle for the heterogeneous wetting of surfaces to the root mean square (RMS) slope of the surface structures, allowing wetting prediction through topography. For this study, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic alumina thin films with gradual roughness were constructed. The films were deposited on glass using the dip-coating technique, textured with boiling water, and functionalized to achieve low surface energy using Dynasylan F-8815. Surface wettability was characterized using the sessile drop technique, and the RMS slope of the alumina surfaces was quantified using the atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. The model, presented here for the first time, fits the experimental data, allowing wetting prediction for hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces considering static contact angles. As expected, topography plays a fundamental role in achieving superhydrophobicity. Therefore, defining a topographic criterion, as performed here, for obtaining superhydrophobic surfaces is highly relevant to reduce the production costs of these surfaces and also enable new production processes and designs.
The Perspective of Using Optical Coherence Tomography in Ophthalmology: Present and Future Applications
Authors: Vasilescu Mario A. , Macovei Mioara L.
Published: February 2025

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging plays a major role in the field of diagnosing, monitoring, and treating ophthalmological diseases. Since its introduction in the early 1990s, OCT technology has continued to advance both in the direction of acquisition quality and technique. In this manuscript, we concentrate on actual and future applications of OCT in the ophthalmology field, reviewing multiple types of OCT techniques and systems, such as visible-light OCT, adaptative optics OCT, intraoperative OCT, wide-field OCT, and more. All of them allow better monitoring of ocular diseases, earlier and broader diagnosis, and a more suitable treatment. Furthermore, overviewing all these technologies could play a pivotal role in research, leading to an advance in understanding the pathophysiology of targeted diseases. Finally, the aim of the present review was to evaluate the technical advances in OCT and their actual and potential clinical applications.
Diagnosis on Ultrasound Images for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip with a Deep Learning-Based Model Focusing on Signal Heterogeneity in the Bone Region
Authors: Shimizu Hirokazu , Enda Ken , Koyano Hidenori , Ogawa Takuya , Takahashi Daisuke , Tanaka Shinya , Iwasaki Norimasa , Shimizu Tomohiro
Published: February 2025

Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a prevalent issue in infants, with ultrasound crucial for early detection. Existing automatic diagnostic models lack precision due to noise, but 3D technology may enhance it. This study aimed to create and assess a deep-learning-based model for automated DDH diagnosis by using 3D transformation technology on two-dimensional ultrasound images. Methods: A retrospective study of 417 infants at risk of DDH used ultrasound images, combining convolutional neural networks and image processing. The images were analyzed using algorithms such as HigherHRNet-W48. The approach included apex point estimation, signal heterogeneity analysis of ilium, which focused on the bony area with high intensity and evaluate ilium rotation, alpha angle creation, and the establishment of a comprehensive method for DDH diagnosis. Results: Key findings include: (1) Superior accuracy in apex point estimation by the HigherHRNet-W48 model, even better than orthopedic residents. (2) Thorough quality assessments of ultrasound images, leading to qualified and disqualified categories, with qualified images displaying notably lower error rates. (3) The AUC of the model for DDH detection in the qualifying images was 0.92, exceeding the diagnostic accuracy of the resident, indicating the diagnostic capability of the tool. Conclusions: The study developed a deep-learning-based model for DDH detection in infants, melding 3D technology with deep learning to address challenges like noise and rotation in ultrasound images. The study’s innovation demonstrated a comparative accuracy to specialized evaluations, even with non-specialist images, highlighting its potential to assist novice sonographers and enhance diagnostic precision.
Punctuation Patterns in Finnegans Wake by James Joyce Are Largely Translation-Invariant
Authors: Bartnicki Krzysztof , Drożdż Stanisław , Kwapień Jarosław , Stanisz Tomasz
Published: February 2025

The complexity characteristics of texts written in natural languages are significantly related to the rules of punctuation. In particular, the distances between punctuation marks measured by the number of words quite universally follow the family of Weibull distributions known from survival analyses. However, the values of two parameters marking specific forms of these distributions distinguish specific languages. This is such a strong constraint that the punctuation distributions of texts translated from the original language into another adopt quantitative characteristics of the target language. All these changes take place within Weibull distributions such that the corresponding hazard functions are always increasing. Recent previous research shows that James Joyce’s famous novel Finnegans Wake is subject to such an extreme distribution from the Weibull family that the corresponding hazard function is clearly decreasing. At the same time, the distances of sentence-ending punctuation marks, determining the sentence length variability, have an almost perfect multifractal organization to an extent found nowhere else in the literature thus far. In the present contribution, based on several available translations (Dutch, French, German, Polish, and Russian) of Finnegans Wake, it is shown that the punctuation characteristics of this work remain largely translation-invariant, contrary to the common cases. These observations may constitute further evidence that Finnegans Wake is a translinguistic work in this respect as well, in line with Joyce’s original intention.
Emerging Technology-Based Motivational Strategies: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alé Jhon , Arancibia María Luisa
Published: February 2025

To contribute to the design of better teaching strategies mediated by emerging technologies, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the effect sizes of the attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction (ARCS) motivational model with technologies such as AI and XR regarding academic performance and student motivation. From a sample of 2656 studies obtained from WoS, Scopus, ERIC, and APAPsycNet, 32 primary studies with quasi-experimental designs were selected, where the ARCS model and some types of emerging technology were used. To estimate the possible risks of bias and overestimation, preliminary tests with funnel plots were used. The effect sizes were calculated with Cohen’s d using random-effects models. Moderations were also examined using fixed-effects models and heterogeneity tests. The results showed a moderate effect on academic performance (ES: 0.596, 95% CI: 0.443–0.748) and a strong effect on motivation (ES: 0.886, 95% CI: 0.640–1.133), both with low bias. According to the moderator analysis on academic performance, no significant differences were found between face-to-face and virtual teaching. Furthermore, the greatest effects on academic performance were observed when using AI and XR in subjects like the natural sciences and arts and when combining the motivational model with strategies such as gamification and project-based learning. Finally, gamification and game-based learning proved to be an effective strategy to increase motivation.
Validation of CFD Analysis on Flow and Combustion Characteristics for a GP3 Rotary Engine
Authors: Kim Young-Jic , Yoon A-Sun , Lee Chang-Eon
Published: February 2025

This study performed a 3D CFD analysis on a GP3 rotary engine to determine the stroke and flow characteristics and examine the thermal- and flow-related design factors’ validity. The 3D CFD analysis was performed using the CONVERGE program, utilizing the automatic grid generation function based on the 3D engine design drawing, which is suitable for a rotating rotary engine geometry. The target species and error tolerance were selected based on the GRI-Mech 3.0 full reaction mechanism to validate the reaction model and define a reasonable range of target species and error tolerances. The RNG k-ε turbulence and SAGE combustion models were also employed to analyze the four-stroke characteristics for the GP3 engine by visualizing the internal flow. The various outcomes confirmed the rotary engine’s unique characteristics and were reasonably interpreted to validate the engine design factors. In particular, the EGR phenomenon in the intake and exhaust port overlap area and the interference phenomenon in the port overlap area between adjacent cylinders are unique to the engine, and were rationally analyzed to more accurately predict the engine’s performance. The results of this study regarding the flame quenching regions indicated power and efficiency, and the emission characteristics can be used to validate the design parameters.
Experimental and Numerical Simulation of the Resistance Characteristics and Desulfurization Efficiency of Rod-Shaped Turbulators in WFGD for Green Power Systems
Authors: Yang Likun , Su Fuyong , Li Xiangpeng , Liu Xunliang , Wen Zhi , Lou Guofeng , Zhou Wenlei
Published: February 2025

The Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization (WFGD) process has always been an important part in the low-carbon/green power realization process of traditional power plants. Adding a turbulator to the spray scrubber can improve the desulfurization efficiency, whereas it also increases the flow resistance. In this study, a small experiment device based on a spray scrubber with a turbulator in a power plant was built on a 1:10 scale to address the problem. The influence of the flue gas flow rate and the liquid–gas ratio on the flow resistance was investigated. A mathematical model was established for the two-phase flow and the SO2 liquid phase absorption reaction, and numerical simulations were achieved by the Fluent code. The resistance characteristics and the liquid droplet residence time were studied in detail. By fitting the experimental data, the relationship between the resistance coefficient, the Reynolds number, and the liquid–gas ratio in the tower was determined as the following: f = 0.0288 Re0.359(L/G)0.754. The desulfurization efficiency was calculated by adopting a user-defined function (UDF) code in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, and the effects of the flue gas flow rate, temperature, and the liquid–gas ratio were analyzed. The results show that the effect of the rod-shaped turbulator on the flow resistance is much less than the effect of the liquid spray. The residence time of droplets around the turbulator is doubled. The pressure loss in the scrubber increases with the liquid–gas ratio (associated with the number of spray layer) and the flue gas flow rate. The turbulator can improve the uniformity of the flue gas velocity to some extent and increase the utilization rate of the spraying liquid, thereby increasing the desulfurization efficiency by 2.49%. Considering the operation cost, the reasonable value range of the liquid–gas ratio is 20~30. This work presents a good demonstration of combining the experiment and numerical simulations on a laboratory scale for large systems and associated components research, which is helpful for the engineering design and optimization of modern green power systems.
Advanced Capacity-Expansion-Type Unified Power Flow Controller Based on Single-Core Phase-Shifting Transformer
Authors: Zhang Ningyu , Li Huarui , Fang Jicheng , Bi Chongze , Jin Xiaokuan , Wang Jianhua
Published: February 2025

In light of the growing complexity and demand in modern power systems, there is an increasing need for reliable, efficient, and flexible power flow control mechanisms. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), as a fundamental component of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTSs), has garnered considerable attention due to its exceptional capabilities in regulating power flow and maintaining voltage stability. Nevertheless, the expense associated with high-capacity UPFCs is considerable, thereby rendering their practical implementation challenging. Phase-shifting transformers are less costly but require better power flow characteristics. Therefore, this paper puts forth the proposition of an Advanced Capacity-Expansion-Type Unified Power Flow Controller (ACET-UPFC) based on a single-core phase-shifting transformer (SCPST). This proposed topology is designed to enhance the capacity of the conventional UPFC, while maintaining similar power flow characteristics, and demonstrates strong voltage regulation capabilities, enabling connections across different voltage levels, thereby rendering it more economically feasible for large-scale deployment. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the power flow characteristics of the ACET-UPFC, including a theoretical foundation, mathematical modeling, and an investigation into the impact of various design parameters. Moreover, the ACET-UPFC’s capacity expansion capability and power flow characteristics are also examined. The ACET-UPFC is subjected to further investigation through the use of the PLECS simulation platform, thereby offering a more efficient and cost-effective solution for modern power grids.
Review of Experimental and Numerical Studies on Critical Heat Flux in China
Authors: Guo Yun , Zhang Yijun
Published: February 2025

This article presents an exhaustive and comprehensive review of research endeavors conducted in China over the past three decades focusing on critical heat flux—a thermal–hydraulic phenomenon of paramount importance in nuclear engineering. CHF represents the ultimate threshold of heat transfer capability, governed by fundamental physical principles, and serves as a cornerstone in the design of reactor cores, fundamentally delineating the reactor’s capacity for safe heat dissipation. In this study, we undertake a meticulous analysis of 60+ research papers published in Chinese by a diverse array of Chinese research institutions spanning the last three decades, encompassing both experimental and numerical simulation investigations. The experimental research is systematically reviewed. The experimental setups and test sections are examined in detail. Then, the experimental parameters and conclusions are analyzed comprehensively. This examination elucidates the achievements attained and the challenges encountered in the experimental domain. In the realm of numerical simulation research, this review consolidates the prevailing hypotheses regarding inherent mechanisms, modeling methodologies, and their validations against experimental data. Building upon the existing research accomplishments and acknowledging the emerging trends in fluid mechanics research, particularly the integration of next-generation measurement technologies and artificial intelligence, a strategic and forward-looking research trajectory is proposed. This trajectory aims to guide and inspire future endeavors in this crucial and intricate field, fostering a deeper understanding and enhanced performance of nuclear reactors through innovative and rigorous research.
Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Soil Aggregate Stability and Mycorrhizal Morphological Characteristics: Differential Responses of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi
Authors: Zhou Mingxin , Li Yibo
Published: February 2025

Soil aggregate stability plays a pivotal role in ecosystem functioning and carbon sequestration. Nitrogen deposition influences aggregate stability and drives differential responses in AM and ECM fungi, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to determine how N addition influences soil aggregation, mycorrhizal morphological characteristics, and soil organic carbon (SOC) across two mycorrhizal types. A temperate forest experiment was conducted in northeastern China using 12 plots subjected to four N treatments (control, low, medium, high). Soil properties, soil aggregate traits, mycorrhizal morphological characteristics, and aggregate distributions were quantified. Relationships were examined via correlation analyses, random forest models, and structural equation modeling. N enrichment substantially increased SOC and soil water content, enhancing the proportion of large soil aggregates (4–8 mm) and elevating mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD), two critical indicators of soil aggregate stability. AM fungi exhibited a stronger response to N addition than ECM, reflected in greater hyphal development and carbon accumulation. SOC and water content correlated positively with aggregate stability, whereas soil pH showed a negative association. N inputs enhance soil structural stability by promoting SOC and water retention, with AM fungi demonstrating heightened sensitivity to N addition. These findings emphasize the integral role of mycorrhizal dynamics in shaping soil carbon stabilization under increasing N deposition.