bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Japanese Buddhism on The Spread of Engraving, Printing, And Politics: The Dharani Sutra
Authors: Yan Yu
Published: December 2024

The spread and evolution of Buddhism in Japan required the introduction of Chinese art of woodblock printing from the Tang Dynasty, which contributed to the dissemination and advancement of Buddhism in Japan. This was achieved by introducing Buddhist classics from Sanskrit and Chinese, which had been previously unavailable. One of the most significant actions of Emperor Shotoku, influenced by Emperor Takeshi to establish a Buddhist monarchy led by female rulers and strengthening the rule, was to initiate the printing of one million Tathagatas, which can be regarded as a remarkable achievement. This effort intended to pacify rebellion as an opportunity. To weaken the authority of the Buddhist clergy and to consolidate his rule, Emperor Hengmu relocated the capital from Kyoto to Heian-kyo, a move that also affected the documentation of printing in official contexts. Thus, the printing press was no longer used, and gaps in Japan’s historical records emerged for an extended period. This paper takes the Dharani Sutra as a case study to examine the impact of Japanese Buddhism on woodblock printing and politics. It elucidates the genesis and trajectory of engraved printing. Japan benefited from the growth of Buddhism within its borders and actively promoted the dissemination of Buddhist teachings. Meanwhile, Buddhism also served as a political tool for Japan’s supreme rulers, with political struggles shaping the actions and decisions of those in power.
The Inequality of Ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia: On Malaysian Chinese Under Ketuanan Melayu
Authors: Zhang Qifeng
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to explore the inequality faced by Malaysian Chinese by analyzing the root causes of this phenomenon and giving practical suggestions for improvement. It emphasizes that the root cause of inequality in Malaysia lies in the residual Ketuanan Melayu (“Malay Overlordship” or “Malay Supremacy”) ideology within the Malaysian government. National policies based on this ideology have enabled Malays to enjoy a series of unfair privileges in the country, while non-Malay ethnic groups such as Chinese have been discriminated against unfairly for a very long time. By analysing the existence of Ketuanan Melayu and how it works in the fields of politics, economy and education in Malaysia, the paper reveals that Malaysian Chinese are suffering from multi-dimensional institutional discrimination. Finally, the paper provides five suggestions for the Malaysian government to eliminate racial discrimination. These proposals seek to promote racial equality in Malaysia and harmony, prosperity, and unity in this multi-ethnic country.
The Role of Law Under the Social Structure
Authors: Ren Jiaxuan
Published: December 2024

This article delves into the indispensable role that law plays in shaping and maintaining the fabric of society. Law serves as a mirror, reflecting the values and principles that a society holds dear, while also functioning as a crucial tool for regulating human behavior. It is instrumental in preserving social order, providing a framework for resolving disputes, and ensuring that interactions within society are conducted in an orderly and predictable manner. The article meticulously examines the historical evolution of legal systems, highlighting how these systems have been pivotal in either facilitating or impeding social change. It explores the ways in which laws have sometimes exacerbated social inequalities, serving to entrench the power of certain groups while marginalizing others. Conversely, it also looks at instances where legal reforms have been catalysts for positive social transformation, promoting equality and justice. By shedding light on these aspects, the article underscores the critical importance of continuous legal reform. It argues that in order to ensure justice and equity in complex social environments, laws must be continually reassessed and updated to reflect the evolving needs and values of society. This process of legal evolution is essential for maintaining social harmony and addressing the myriad challenges that arise in a dynamic and ever-changing world.
Rossini and Beethoven: Exploring the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Musical Value from the Perspective of Opera
Authors: Zhang Yuchen
Published: December 2024

Analyzing musicians' works is a hot topic in the academic world, but for abecedarian, how to preliminarily analyze the musical value orientation of musicians' works is still an important issue that needs to be solved. Besides, there are very few essays to help beginners analyze the work's musical value. This essay takes Rossini, a representative of the Italian school, and Beethoven, a representative of the German school, as examples to study the quality of musical works, their popularity among the public, the inner meaning conveyed by the works, and the social environment of the times. The results show that when analyzing the value of musical work, we should not only focus on the inner value of the work itself but also combine the experience of the composer’s life and the aesthetic judgment of different periods. This study gives opinions and suggestions for music beginners to synthetically analyze the musical value of musicians' works from an objective optic angle.
The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Criminal Behavior: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
Authors: Liu Xinyi
Published: December 2024

Usually, people with low socioeconomic status (SES) are less educated, they do not have a good employment situation, and their income is not good. These people are at a higher risk of suffering from illnesses and do not have money to pay for medical treatment. They are also more likely to occur anti-social behaviours as they mostly live in an underprivileged community. In both youth and adulthood, they are more prone to participate in deviant activities and exhibit less self-control. There's a lot of pressure on them, and their survival is threatened, so crime may become a last resort. Families with high SES usually provide teenagers with adequate learning resources which can support their educational attainment. On the contrary, domestic violence has a negative impact on the growth of youths, making them more likely to conduct criminal behaviors. For drug related crimes, people with high SES can buy high-quality drugs with less harmful consequences. In cross-cultural contexts, countries such as South Africa and Pakistan experience colonial or religious influences, racial discrimination, and low economic performance. In India, which has a special caste system, there are unbalanced distribution of resources and the privileged positions of high castes. In addition, hot weather can directly affect citizens in some large agricultural countries to resort to criminal behaviors in order to survive. Low educational level leads to an increase in unemployment and a decrease in personal income, thus reducing SES and driving criminal behaviors.
The Expectations for Women in Confucianism During the Chunqiu Period
Authors: Liang Chuxin
Published: December 2024

Confucianism plays an important role in modern Chinese culture. Research have found the suppression of women in Confucianism and the role of women in Chunqiu. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the relationship between early Confucianism in Chunqiu and women. Therefore, this study focuses on an overall description of the expectations for women of early Confucianism by examining the primary sources, such as Biographies of Exemplary Women, Zuo Zhuan and The Book of Songs, as well as existing research. The study finds that women were expected to be chaste, obedient, intellectual and righteous for the benefit of their husbands or of their states, sharing a lower social status. These expectations differ from reality, in which these traits were not regarded as important. Confucianism promotes the customary separation between two genders, in pursuit of courtesy for the social order. As for the limitations, this research has not deliberately distinguished the difference of expectations from Confucianism in Chunqiu and Han dynasty, leaving a gap for future research.
Buddhism under the Ritsuryō System in Japan: A Study of the “Monks and Nuns Decree”
Authors: Xiao Yu
Published: December 2024

From the 7th to the 10th century, Japan was in the Ritsuryō system. As a significant method for building a Ritsuryō state, Buddhism assumed an important part in governmental politics and diplomacy, and its interaction with the state was bidirectional dynamic. The Ritsuryō state attached great importance to utilizing Buddhism to maintain its regime and safeguard the country. Simultaneously, by establishing management policies in legal through the “Monks and Nuns Decree”, the state attempted to practice comprehensive and strict control over monks, nuns and temples. This paper endeavours to take the “Monks and Nuns Decree” as an entry point, mainly adopting the method of documentary analysis, to reveal the characteristics of Buddhism during the Ritsuryō system in Japan from a micro-level perspective. It further explores how the “Monks and Nuns Decree” as a legalized religious management has impacted and reconstructed the relationship between Buddhism and the state during the Ritsuryō period, and thus to discuss the attributes of the state’s control over the Buddhism during Ritsuryō system in Japan.
The Issue of Gender Inequality within Families in China
Authors: Yuan Xinyu
Published: December 2024

In recent years, China has made a series of progress in addressing gender inequality. However, in the field of family, women still shoulder heavy household chores. Scholars have delved into various aspects of family life, from the micro-operation of power within families to the macro impact of social structure. They discovered that although society has made progress in gender equality, traditional gender roles and family division of labor still pose significant challenges to women. This paper primarily examines the unequal treatment of women within the family and analyzes women’s current living situation, its reasons, and longstanding impacts. The paper argues that gender inequality in Chinese families still exists in every aspect. This not only affects women’s personal development, but also harms the harmony within families and society. Therefore, this study proposes that the government, society, and individuals should jointly promote gender equality and create a fairer family and social environment for women in China.
The Jurisprudential Basis and Developments of Gender Equality Laws: Based on The Current Legislation of China and Korea
Authors: He Yuxuan
Published: December 2024

In recent years, in the Asia-Pacific region, more and more people have begun to pay attention to gender equality, and the conflict between the historical patriarchal concept and the gradually awakened feminism. The research object of this paper is the Asia-Pacific region.  This article examines the most recent developments in gender equality legislation, using South Korea and China as examples. Topics covered include employment equality, gender issues in family law, and the rights and interests of genders other than men and women. This paper uses the methods of literature analysis, case analysis, comparative research, and historical analysis. The conclusion of this paper is that the social environment has become more equal in terms of gender, and there are more and more perfect laws to ensure gender equality. However, due to the deep-rooted backward concepts formed by historical and cultural reasons, the concrete implementation and execution of gender equality laws in the real society are hindered. There is still room for improvement.
The Research on the Age Structure Characteristics of Japanese Society and Related Strategies
Authors: Wang Runxuan
Published: December 2024

Since the beginning of the 21st century, Japan has confronted the crises of paedophilia and an ageing population, stemming from a prolonged history of dropping birth rates and a relatively small immigrant population due to restrictive immigration rules. The shift in age demographics has introduced numerous challenges to Japanese society, exerting pressure on the government budget due to rising pension payments and healthcare expenditure, while also hindering economic progress. In response to this issue, the Japanese government has implemented the New Dimension Measure, which is a more generous financial incentive for childbearing, while progressively modifying its immigration policy to align with the changing demographic demands. On the other hand, the efficacy of these initiatives has been constrained. Alongside conventional demographic policies, a novel approach to addressing labour shortages in Japan in the future is the substitution of human labour with technology, potentially serving as a model for other societies encountering similar challenges.
Application Of the Death Penalty for Juvenile Delinquency
Authors: Chen Shuangying
Published: December 2024

The rate of juvenile crime has been increasing in modern society, and as the cases of juvenile crime in society become more severe and younger, the age of criminality is gradually lowering, resulting in many cases of juvenile crime. Juvenile crime, due to the special nature of its "juvenile" identity, is not covered by death penalty provisions in most countries' laws. Many people believe that juvenile offenders should be sentenced to death, but there is no such provision in Chinese law, and therefore, it has been a topic of discussion whether juvenile offenders who have violated the criminal law should be executed. Compared with other countries, many countries have executed juvenile offenders in the past. Many people then ask: Why can't juvenile criminals also be included in the death penalty? Meanwhile, many people begin to question whether the juvenile protection law is truly correct or fair, and whether the death penalty is applicable to juvenile offenders who have violated the criminal law.
A Public Historical Perspective on The Evolution of Social Policies in The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
Authors: Li Peihong
Published: December 2024

In order to appreciate how historical events influence regional social policies, this study employs the lens of public history to explore the development of social policies in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). This article looks at the unique characteristics of social policies in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao over the course of many historical eras in light of the GBA's rapid socioeconomic growth. This article highlights the unique advantages of the GBA by comparing and contrasting the regional cooperation and policy development of the San Francisco Bay Area and the European Union. The study uses a mixed-methods approach to find patterns and possible future directions for the development of GBA's social policy by combining cross-regional comparison with historical document analysis. Findings indicate that GBA benefits from unique regional strengths in areas like integration, social equity, and sustainable development. The study concludes that public history provides valuable insights for policymakers, enabling them to address contemporary challenges more effectively by incorporating historical perspectives into policy formulation. This approach not only ensures that valuable lessons from the past are preserved but also enhances the ability of GBA's policies to foster regional cohesion and respond to future socio-political dynamics.
Ideological Risks in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Realistic Representations, Generative Mechanisms, and Response Logic
Authors: Zheng Tongyang
Published: December 2024

With the rapid development of AI technology, generative AI has triggered significant risks and challenges in the ideological field. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the real-life manifestations of these risks, including the problems of algorithmic control, data misdirection and content distortion, and explores their generative mechanisms, which are mainly attributed to the interpenetration of technology and power, the Western values of the designers, and the technological manipulation of capital. These risks may not only lead to the loss of discourse power and a crisis of value identity, but also exacerbate the confrontation and conflict between different ideologies, posing a threat to national political security and social stability. To cope with these risks, this paper proposes strategies such as strengthening regulation, shaping mainstream values, and enhancing the public's intelligent literacy, aiming to safeguard China's ideological security and promote the modernization of the system and capacity of ideological risk governance.
The Deep Integration of Tea and Zen: A Focus on the Character of Tea
Authors: Xu Nuo
Published: December 2024

Tea and Zen are rooted in the deep integration of tea and Zen, and the two are closely aligned because of their suitability. For Zen, it is the practicality, secularism and Sinicism, distinguishing from the original Buddhism, that make it more compatible with tea. For tea, among the many cultural mediums of Zen, tea character stands out. The purpose of this paper is to explain how tea and Zen are closely related, using tea character as an example. Focusing on the relationship between tea character and Zen, this paper provides unique points of view, which rid of the traditional philosophical analyse on Tea-Zen concepts but pay attention to pragmatic nature of tea, decoding “tea” in four dimensions such as the herbal use, the ritual use, the echo with Zen, and its propagation bond with Zen’s growth. In conclusion, tea shares a genuine cultural symbiosis with Zen, and tea character is the main fuel of Zen’s popularisation. Tea helps to build the bridge between Zen theories and the reality world.
From Trade to Control: The Role of The British East India Company in Shaping Colonial Development
Authors: Lu Sicheng
Published: December 2024

The British East India Company played a pivotal role in shaping India’s colonial history, transitioning from a trading corporation to an imperial force with considerable economic and political control. This paper examines this transformative role of the British East India Company in shaping India’s colonial history, focusing on its transition from a trading entity to an imperial power with significant economic and political control. The paper also explores how the Company established monopolies, redirected agricultural production toward cash crops, and built infrastructure to facilitate British trade, contributing both to India’s modernization and economic distress. These changes contributed to India’s modernization but also led to economic hardships, including the decline of local industries and increased social inequality. The research further analyzes the Company’s influence on India’s social structure, highlighting how Western education fostered a new elite class and facilitated cultural exchange. The paper concludes that, while the Company brought modernization, it also caused exploitation, leaving a complex legacy that continues to influence modern India.
Divisive Mobilization and Democratic Collapse: Why Does Democratization Fail?
Authors: Liu Yinqi
Published: December 2024

Democratic collapse refers to the regression of a democratic regime, meaning that the democratic system of a country is no longer stable. This phenomenon is usually caused by divisive mobilization or political conflicts, which are the consequences of the lack of certain social, economic or political conditions. Through qualitative research, this paper examines the previous political philosophy theories on democratic conditions and finds that previous theories often focus on citizens' sense of political participation. Later, this paper reviews the evolution of the definition of democracy in the history of political thought and concludes that democracy not only requires procedural elections and open and transparent policy-making, but also requires a certain degree of power check and balance to avoid the destruction of the democratic system by malicious rift mobilization. And this kind of check and balance requires the spirit of compromise of political participants. Finally, this paper conducts a comparative historical analysis of the democratization processes of Egypt and South Africa. This paper concludes that the stability of a country's democratic system depends on a culture that mixes obedience consciousness and political apathy, rather than just on citizens' sense of political participation.
A study of the relationships between inequality in urban and rural educational resources and social class solidification
Authors: Zhu Wenjun
Published: December 2024

The foundational role of education in propelling societal progress is twofold: it furnishes individuals with essential knowledge and competencies, while also significantly influencing social mobility patterns. Specifically, within the Chinese context, enduring differences between urban and rural areas have contributed to a segmented society, and uneven distribution of educational opportunities has further hindered the fluidity of upward social movement. This study investigates the influence of disparities in educational resources between urban and rural areas on social mobility within China. It analyses the excessive urban-rural resource gap and opportunity gap leading to the solidification of social classes. The study highlights how inequalities in education funding, teacher quality, and infrastructure impede rural students' development opportunities and lead to deep-rooted social stratification. Despite the Government’s efforts to address the disparities, challenges remain, and further reforms are needed to ensure equitable quality education and promote upward mobility of the rural population. They are further optimizing the distribution of educational resources, ensuring that rural areas enjoy the same educational opportunities as urban areas, and improving the remuneration of teachers, to attract more high-quality personnel to rural education. It is only through sustained efforts that the imbalance between urban and rural educational resources can be fundamentally alleviated, the solidification of social classes broken down, and the upward mobility of the rural population promoted, thus laying the foundation for the long-term development of society.
FIELD-BASED ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND YIELD CHARACTERS IN EXOTIC KABULI CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) GERMPLASM UNDER NORMAL AND WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS
Authors: REHMAN MU , MAJEED HN , MOON A , ZAFAR MM , BATOOL R , AHSAN M , IQBAL A
Published: December 2024

Drought stress is a major factor that affects chickpea production, especially in dry areas of the world. This study assessed the genetic variation of one hundred Kabuli chickpea germplasm accessions from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the dry areas under control and stress conditions. The study was done at the University of Agriculture Faisalabad, in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was established that genotypes in the two environments, that is, controlled and water-deficit environments differed significantly. Thirty-seven genotypes offered higher standard checks under water stress in addition to 61 under normal growing disorders. Regression analysis revealed that plant height had a significantly positive effect on biological yield (r=0.376**), pods per plant (r=0.251*), hundred-seed weight (r=0.278**) and yield per plot (r=0.339**). Plot yield was significantly related to seed yield at r = 1.000**. The scatter biplot analysis revealed that 14 genotypes (22225, 22228, 22219, 22274, 22267, 22256, 22266, 22264, 2204, 22276, 22271, 22236, 22215, 22277) were significantly less sensitive to drought stress as they were distinctly clustered away from other genotypes in the plot. High variability was observed in traits such as hundred-seed weight, harvest index, and biological yield. The results indicate a high level of genetic variation in the chickpea germplasm that can be utilized to develop improved drought-tolerant chickpea varieties with enhanced yield potential.
INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON WEEDS AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)
Authors: ABDULLAH . , KHAN YSA , KHAN R , KHAN M , ZAFAR MH , KALSOM A , SHAHZAD S , TALHA A , JAVED A , SHOAIB M
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was conducted throughout the winter cropping season of the year 2018, at the New Developmental Research Farm (NDRF), the University of Agriculture-Peshawar, to assess the efficiency of techniques for weed control on weed suppression, and yield components of edible pea. The research was designed, using a Randomized Complete Block Design, with 13 treatments, which were repeated 3 times. The applied treatments comprised; Mulches (Eucalyptus leaves, weed biomass, and poplar leaves), herbicides (S-metolachlor, Pendimethalin, Haloxyfop-p-methyl, and Quizalofop-p-ethyl), and hand-weeded plots (hand weeding at 20 DAS, hand weeding at 40 DAS, hand weeding at 60 DAS, and two times hand weeding at 30 and 60 DAS), weed-free, and weedy check(untreated). Parameters documented included; weed density (m-²), fresh biomass (kg ha-¹), seeds pod-1, hundred seed weight (g), seed yield (kg ha-¹), and CBR. Based on our outcomes, the weedy check, had the highest weed density (40.1 m-²), and fresh biomass (441.67 kg ha-¹), whereas the weed-free treatment had the lowest values for both parameters. Likewise, in terms of agronomic parameters, the weed-free treatment produced the highest seeds (8.10 pod-1), hundred seed weight (53.33 g), and seed yield (4352 kg ha-¹). While, the weedy check treatment, exhibited the lowest values for these parameters. The use of Pendimethalin produced the highest cost-benefit ratio (CBR), while hand weeding and mulching produced the lowest CBR. These findings suggest that of various weed control methods, twice hand weeding, and the application of Pendimethalin, and S-metolachlor are effective for controlling weeds, and enhancing yield-related traits of pea.
Effect of Cyclosporine in a Patient with Eruptive Lichen Planus: A Case Report
Authors: Charde Samruddhi , Sarda Bhakti , Rusia Kaveri , Singh Adarshlata , Prasad Roshan
Published: December 2024

An inflammatory skin condition called lichen planus, characterized by pruritic, purplish papules and plaques, has many clinical variants; one uncommon clinical variant is eruptive lichen planus. There are many available treatment modalities for lichen planus, but none are particularly promising. Therefore, we still need a drug that can provide long-term relief without any recurrence. In this report, we share our experience treating a 56-year-old female patient, diagnosed with acute eruptive lichen planus, with cyclosporine.
The effect of irrigation management with saline and fresh water on some soil properties and wheat crop growth (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Lujain Abed Tuama Lujain Abed Tuama , Mohamed M. Yaseen Mohamed M. Yaseen , Yahya J. Shabeeb Yahya J. Shabeeb
Published: December 2024

Arid and semi-arid regions suffer from a sharp decline in rainfall and scarcity of good fresh water. This forces them to use saline water for irrigation, which can affect the growth and productivity of plants in terms of quantity and quality. So, good management and specific methods are required in the use of irrigation water. A factorial experiment was conducted with three factors in a silty clay soil, including irrigation water salinity 3, 5 and 7 dS m-1 (S1, S2, and S3) respectively. Saline irrigation water level 100 and 66% of field capacity (W1 and W2) respectively. Fresh water (0.8≃1.1) 0, 50, and 100% of field capacity (F1, F2 and F3) respectively after tow rinses with saline water and its effect on wheat cultivation. Soil salinity and moisture content were estimated in the middle and end of the growing season at two depths 0-15 and 15-30 cm. The weight of 1000 grains and water productivity were calculated. The results showed an increase in soil salinity and moisture content with increasing irrigation water salinity for both depths. A decrease in soil salinity and moisture content with increasing irrigation water level and increasing fresh water level, for both depths. There was an increase in grain weight and water productivity with increasing saline irrigation water level, increasing fresh water level and decreasing irrigation water salinity. The triple interaction treatment when irrigated with water salinity 3 dSm-1, 100% saline irrigation water level and 100% fresh water level of field capacity achieved the highest grain weight and water productivity of 45.17 g and 3.85 kg m-3 water respectively.
The effect of nano-Macro elements (NPK) and Amino Spray on some Physical and Chemical Characteristics of date palm fruits ( Phoenix dactylifera L. ) Al-Sayer cultivar.
Authors: Rashid Saqr Asma Rashid Saqr , AL-zubaidy Batool Hanoon Falih
Published: December 2024

This experiment was carried out during the growing season (2023 AD) in one of the private orchards in Thi Qar Governorate, with the aim of studying the effect of spraying fruits with concentrations of the nano-macro elements NPK (0, 75, and 150) mg L-1 and Amino Spray with concentrations (0, 2, and 4) ml L-1 and their interactions in some physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits of the Al-Sayer cultivar at the Rutab stage.
The results showed the significant superiority of the nano-macro elements NPK at a concentration of (150 mg L-1), recording the highest averages in both the weight of the fruit and the core (9.322 and 8.453) g, respectively , and the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (2.60, 0.40 and 2.783). ) % respectively .
The spraying treatment with Amino Spray at a concentration of(4 ml L-1) was significantly superior in increasing the averages of both the weight of the fruit and the core (8.483 and 7.678 ) g , respectively, and the percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (2.76, 0.43, and 963.3) % , respectively .
Effect of Adding Different Concentrations of Hydrogel on the Water Properties of Clay Soil
Authors: Talal Jaber Abd Al Khanfous Talal Jaber Abd Al Khanfous , Qasim Badr Idress Qasim Badr Idress , Haider Mohammed Hassan Haider Mohammed Hassan
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was conducted in Nasiriyah, Thi Qar Governorate, Utilizing clay soil to investigate the effects of various concentrations of hydrogel (0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) on water properties of the soil, including moisture content , field capacity, permanent wilting point , available water, and evaporation. The experiment was carried out during the 2023 growing season, following a systematic approach to soil preparation and plot division. Hydrogel was incorporated into the soil at a depth of 10 cm, based on the dry weight of the soil. The plots were planted with Zea mays. A randomized complete block design was utilized for data analysis, with a significance level established at 0.05. The results of the experiment indicated that hydrogel significantly improved soil moisture content, field capacity, permanent wilting point, and available water, while effectively reducing evaporation from the soil surface. Notably, treatment P4 demonstrated the most pronounced enhancement in water properties, especially when compared to the control treatment (P0).These findings highlight the potential advantages of hydrogel application in enhancing soil water retention and promoting agricultural productivity , which is particularly relevant in regions experiencing water scarcity.
PSO-Driven Parametric Estimation and Simulation for Banking Applications Using Soft Computing Approaches
Authors:   Beamline Scientist MX, Research Translation and Synchrotron, Australia, Yogesh Yogesh
Published: December 2024

For the purposes of maintaining a healthy liquid balancing and maximizing cash flow, accurate cash forecasting is very necessary for banking operations. In order to overcome the shortcomings of conventional forecasting techniques, such as linear regression, which do not take into account dynamic elements like pay impacts and vacations, this research, offers a Cash Management Model (PSO-CMM) that is based on Particle Swarm Optimization. Taking into account a number of characteristics, such as working days, holiday impacts, and pay patterns, PSO-CMM improves its coefficients for cash prediction. This allows for both short-term and long-term predictions. By swarm intelligence, the model is able to improve the accuracy of its predictions, hence providing greater resilience to continuously modifying surroundings. In addition to the development of linear and hybrid models that combine PSO with artificial neural networks (ANNs), the incorporation of adaptive computing approaches to improve weights is one of the most important advances. Furthermore, in order to prevent local optimums and to promote universal convergence, erratic patterns were incorporated in the most sophisticated systems. The results of this evaluation revealed a significant rise in the accuracy of cash projections. This study presents a comprehensive methodology for predicting cash requirements, which makes it possible for micro financial organizations to get useful insights and improves their operating effectiveness in situations that are always changing. When compared with Normal Data, the suggested PSO-CMM method's overall accuracy is around 91%.
Kalibrasi dan validasi instrument ukur fertigasi tipe Nido One V2
Authors: Dewana M Baldiansya , Priyonggo Budi , Suliyanto Heri , Wulandari Wiwin , Aninditya Mas Wisnu
Published: December 2024

Indonesia mengalami kemajuan pertanian modern berkat penerapan inovasi dan teknologi canggih untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan produktivitas. IoT memainkan peran penting dalam pertanian kontemporer karena memungkinkan pemantauan dan pengelolaan sumber daya dalam waktu nyata. Sejak 2019, Nido One V2 adalah salah satu teknologi hasil inovasi Italia yang berfokus pada teknologi pertanian, tetapi masih terjadi error pada pembacaan saat digunakan. Karena itu, kalibrasi dan validasi instrumen ukur Nido One V2 sangat penting untuk meningkatkan ketepatan dan ketelitian pembacaan. Pengujian fungsi, kalibrasi, dan validasi digunakan. Analisis regresi digunakan untuk menentukan ketepatan dan ketelitian data. Variasi konsentrasi larutan disebabkan oleh campuran air dan campuran nutrisi AB yang berbeda. Hasil kalibrasi dan validasi instrumen Nido One V2 menunjukkan bahwa sensor pH memiliki fungsi kalibrasi Y = 1.0139X – 0.0173 dengan R2 0.9869 dan sensor EC memiliki fungsi kalibrasi Y = 1.18312x + 0.09647 dengan R2 0.98528. Dengan ketelitian dan ketepatan lebih dari 96%, fungsi kalibrasi dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan instrumen ukur tersebut.
Dosimetric Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy Breast Cancer Treatment Plans
Authors: Kaduga Altwieb
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. Radiotherapy plays a pivotal role in breast cancer management. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive dosimetric analysis of breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. In this study, 28 breast cancer patients were analyzed for various dosimetric parameters, including D98%, D95%, D50%, D5%, and D2%, as well as maximum, minimum, and mean doses within the PTV. PTV volume coverage was assessed at 95%, 93%, and 91% of the prescribed dose, with hot spot dose volumes at 115%, 110%, 108%, and 105%. Doses to organs at risk (OARs) were also evaluated. Dosimetric indices—uniformity index (UI), conformity index (CI), and homogeneity index (HI)—were calculated to assess treatment quality. Right-sided patients received higher doses at D98% and D95%, with smaller differences at D50%, D5%, and D2%. Left-sided patients had higher mean maximum and mean doses within the PTV, while right-sided patients had higher minimum doses. Left-sided chest wall-only patients showed higher hot spot volumes at 110% and 105%, though all patients had minimal volumes at 115%. Ipsilateral lung V20 was below 35% for all, with higher values in the chest wall and supraclavicular treatments. The mean heart dose was higher for left-sided treatments but stayed below cardiac toxicity limits. UI was slightly better in right-sided "Breast & SC" plans, and CI was higher in right-sided patients, while HI was higher in right-sided "Breast & SC" than left-sided "Breast Only." The study highlights differences in dose distribution between left and right-sided patients, with right-sided cases receiving higher doses at key points and left-sided cases showing larger PTV volumes and greater heart exposure. Dosimetric indices suggest treatment refinement may be needed, particularly for left-sided cases, to improve outcomes and reduce toxicity.
Pentingnya Menghargai Perbedaan dalam Masyarakat Riau
Authors: Suci Suci , Liyana Liyana , Grace Grace , Perawati Perawati
Published: December 2024

The importance of respecting differences in Riau society is crucial to create harmony and peace. The people of Riau, which are rich in culture, ethnicity, and religion, need an attitude of mutual respect so that harmony is maintained. By respecting differences, we can build good communication between individuals, reduce conflicts, and increase cooperation in various aspects of life. In addition, appreciation for differences can also enrich our experiences and insights, thereby encouraging innovation and creativity in society. This study aims to explore in depth how respecting differences can affect social stability and harmony in society. The type of research used is a qualitative approach. The data collection technique in this study uses interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Data analysis was carried out through thematic analysis and narrative analysis. The results of the analysis show that through education and open dialogue, the people of Riau can better understand the values of tolerance and mutual respect, which in turn will strengthen the unity and unity of the nation. Thus, respecting differences is not only a choice, but also a necessity to create a harmonious and prosperous society
Pengaruh Partisipasi Siswa Terhadap Prestasi Akademik Siswa UPTD SD Negeri Kemayoran 1 Bangkalan
Authors: Salsabiela Rahma Julia , Mardiyana Isna Ida , Susetiawati Yuhanisah Prisma
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyze the influence of student participation on academic achievement at SDN Kemayoran 1 Bangkalan. The research method used is associative quantitative, involving 10 students as samples. Student participation data were obtained through a questionnaire that measures the level of student involvement in learning activities, with a value scale from 1 (very low) to 5. (very high). Academic achievement is measured using report card grades or semester exam results in mathematics subjects. Data analysis was conducted using the Pearson correlation test and simple linear regression. The research results show a significant positive relationship between student participation and academic achievement, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.82 and the influence of student participation on academic achievement being 2.5 points per unit increase in participation score. These findings indicate that more active student participation is directly related to the improvement of their academic performance. Therefore, it is important for educators to encourage student participation in learning to improve the quality of education and students' academic outcomes
Pengembangan Buku Panduan Pemetaan Tren dan Topik Penelitian Berbasis Aplikasi Vosviewer
Authors: Awaliyah Mia , Amanah Amanah , Cahyani Putri Ayu
Published: December 2024

Identification of research trends and topics is a crucial aspect of academics and research to ensure the relevance, contribution, and novelty of a study. However, difficulties in identifying relevant and latest research trends and topics remain a significant challenge for researchers. The aim of this study is to produce a product in the form of a guidebook for mapping research trends and topics using the Vosviewer application. This research employs the Four-D model development design, consisting of four stages, of which definition, design, development, and dissemination. The data for this study were obtained through questionnaires distributed to media experts, content experts, and guidebook users. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire sheet. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive quantitative techniques to determine scores from validators and product users. The study produced a guidebook for mapping research trends and topics that excels in terms of content and design quality. From the content perspective, the guidebook received an average percentage of 45.3% categorized as "very appropriate" and 54.6% categorized as "appropriate." From the design perspective, the guidebook received an average score percentage of 64.5% categorized as "very appropriate" and 48% categorized as "appropriate." This guidebook can be utilized to build academic identity, demonstrate research originality, and address contemporary needs
Pengaruh Media Sosial Terhadap Perubahan Perilaku Sosial dalam Masyarakat Modern
Authors: Ramadani Ayu Sinta , Corvina Nindy Elsa , Mirnawati Mirnawati , Perawati Perawati
Published: December 2024

Social media has become an integral part of everyday life, changing the way individuals interact, communicate, and build social relationships. In the digital era, social media is not only a means of communication, but also a platform for sharing information, expressing one's identity, and building a virtual community. This study discusses the influence of social media on social behavior change in modern society using conceptual methods. This study explores how social media influences social values, interaction patterns, and group dynamics in modern society, both from positive and negative aspects. The data of this study was obtained from literature studies from scientific journals, books, and trusted articles that are relevant to the theme of the influence of social media on social behavior. Through the analysis of social theory and conceptual data, this study provides in-depth insights into the transformation of social behavior due to social media. The results of this study are expected to be a reference in designing a wise social media use strategy to support social cohesion and reduce its negative impact
Analisis Kemandirian Peserta Didik pada Penerapan Kolase Daun dan Buah Pinus di Kelompok B TK Idhata Balakia Sinjai Barat
Authors: Syawaliah Nurul Fajri , Yusuf T M. , Hamansah Hamansah
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of student independence in Idhata Balakia Kindergarten Sinjai Barat through the application of leaf and pine fruit collage, as well as identify supporting and inhibiting factors for its development. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method. The data collection technique in this study uses observation, interviews and documentation. The informants in this study were 2 teachers and 10 students at Idhata Balakia Kindergarten. Data analysis techniques use data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The way teachers increase the independence of group B students of Idhata Balakia Kindergarten is by doing good habits, setting a good example, and appreciating students so that they are more confident in what they are doing so that other students are motivated. The learning independence of group B students through the application of collage is in the category of Developing According to Expectations (BSH), this shows that collage activities can develop the learning independence of students to be able to carry out their own activities and be more confident in completing their tasks. The supporting and inhibiting factors for the development of students' independence are a supportive school environment with teachers and peers that provide positive encouragement for children and parents who still accompany their children in the classroom
ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA ESPACIAL DA EXISTÊNCIA DE EQUIPAMENTOS PARA DIAGNÓSTICO DE CÂNCER NAS MICRORREGIÕES BRASILEIRAS PARA O ANO DE 2019.
Authors: Lika Kikuchi Larissa , Venson Auberth Henrik
Published: December 2024

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a distribuição espacial dos equipamentos de diagnóstico de câncer nas microrregiões brasileiras para o ano de 2019. Para isso, foram utilizados dados do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES), disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho foi uma Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE), que permite verificar as associações espaciais existentes nas microrregiões brasileiras que possuem equipamentos de diagnóstico de câncer. Os resultados do estudo apresentam presença de autocorrelação espacial positiva nos dados. Notou-se a uma formação de clusters do tipo alto-alto de aparelhos de diagnóstico de câncer no Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, indicando que estas regiões possuem uma alta concentração de aparelhos. Entretanto, os resultados também indicaram que nas regiões Norte e Nordeste há uma forte presença de clusters do tipo baixo-baixo, indicando uma aglomeração de microrregiões com falta destes equipamentos médicos.
ELEMENTS OF SUCCESS IN SOLIDARY ECONOMY VENTURES
Authors: Becker Marcio , Meneghatti Marcelo Roger , Bertolini Geysler Rogis Flor
Published: December 2024

The gap in this research is related to the identification of the successful elements that govern the actions and activities of solidary enterprises, in parallel with what has already been proposed in the literature, using selective garbage collection cooperatives and associations as a basis. Thus, the question of this research questioned whether cooperatives and associations of selective garbage collection present elements of success due to the integral observation of the basic principles proposed for projects with solidary characteristics, already proposed in the literature. The objective points to the investigation of the guiding principles of solidary enterprises and their comparison with the perceived success elements. Therefore, this research is characterized as being of an applied, exploratory, and descriptive nature, with a qualitative approach, whose field of study involved fifteen associations and cooperatives located in the fifteen municipalities of Paraná bathed by the reservoir of the Itaipu Hydroelectric Plant, in the western region of the state. Fifteen interviews were carried out, and from the content analysis, with the help of the Iramuteq software, it was possible to diagnose the regional reality and prove that these projects are not supported by the basic principles proposed by the literature on solidarity projects, but their true elements of success point to formalization, public policies, interpersonal relationships, production, leadership, popular support, and financial security. This research showed that the theoretical principles proposed for the effective characterization of solidary economy enterprises are, at least in this region and in this context, being replaced and considerably rooted by new elements of success.