bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
G18 WHITE CLOVER - A NEW CULTIVAR FOR LOWLAND PASTURES
Authors: Van den Bosch J. , Lancashire J.A. , Cooper B.M. , Lyons T.B. , Williams W.M.
Published: July 2020

G18 white clover (trifolium repens L.), a larger leaved, more upright growing clover than 'Grasslands Hula'and'Grasslands Pitau', has been bred for intensive lowland farming, particularly dairy farms. It originated from crosses between 'Grasslands Pitau' and Ladino plants, selected in soil infested with stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipasci (Kuhn) Filipjev). G18 has produced more than both Pitau and Huia in trials in Northland and Manawatu Total pasture production has often been similar for the three cultivars, but clover DM has increased 25.84% over four years compared with a Huia pasture in Northland, the superiority being greatest under laxer rotational grazing. G18 has persisted well, even after more than 3 1/2 years of continuous sheep grazing, with some spells for yield cuts. Keywords: white clover, Trifolium repens L., G18, Ladino, Pitau, stem nematode, production, persistence.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE TALL FESCUE ENDOPHYTE PROBLEM IN THE U.S.A.
Authors: Mueller J.P.
Published: July 2020

Tall fescue is the most important cool-season pasture species in the transition zone of the southeastern U.S.A., occupying more than 10 million hectares. Forage quality indices such as crude protein, in uitro digestibility etc. Indicate that tall fescue should be capable of stimulating high animal performance. Nevertheless since its widespread introduction in the early 1950's, tall fescue has been associated with a myriad of animal production problems. Recently researchers have been able to associate poor animal performance with an endophytic fungus present in the plant tissue of tall fescue. The history and current situation in the U.S. with respect to the endophyte of tall fescue and its influence on economic animal production are discussed. Keywords: Tall fescue toxicity, endophyte, Summer Syndrome, ocremonium coenophialum.
THE IMPORTANCE OF SUBDIVISION AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN IMPROVING HILL COUNTRY PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Parker W.J. , Mccall D.G.
Published: July 2020

The association between subdivision and other management resource inputs and levels of hill country sheep productive performance are reported in this paper. An analysis of computer simulated grazing systems and practices adopted by a sample of thirty farmers in North-East Wairarapa indicates that high levels of production were achieved with variable levels of subdivision. Appropriate grazing systems were often limited by poor planning and implementation rather than inadequate permanent fencing. Although subdivision was associated with higher autumn sheep liveweights on the survey farms, similar or larger increases could be achieved by refinmg existing management systems. Further increases in subdivision therefore may not lead to increases in productivity on many hill country farms. Keywords: Subdivision, hill country, management, computer simulation, survey, grazing systems.
PLANNING TO MEET THE GROWING DEMANDS ON NORTHLANDS WATER RESOURCES
Authors: Roke D.L.
Published: July 2020

The growth in horticultural and some industrial development in selected areas of Northland has led to a need for more specific and careful planning and control of limited resources in a number of major catchments. The potential irrigation demands for horhculture comprise over 60% of Northland's potential water requirements. By contrast, farm water supply needs are only 11% of these needs. Because of their importance to the Northland economy, and in the legislation these needs are given a high priority in water resource management planning. Land uses, including pastoral farming, require careful operation to reduce diffuse sources of pollution.
PERFORMANCE OF CAUCASIAN AND ZIGZAG CLOVERS
Authors: Daly G.T. , Mason C.R.
Published: July 2020

Production of two rhizomatous clovers, Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum) and zigzag clover (T. medium), was assessed under a number of fertility regimes. Caucasian clover annual dry matter production was of 12 t/ha for cv. Treeline on a fertile lowland soil, 8.5 t/ha for cv. Prairie on a moderately fertile hill country soil and 2.5 t/ha for cv. Prairie on a low fertility high country soil. For a 30 year old stand of zigzag clover on a moderately fertile high country soil estimated DM yields ranged from 2 t/ha under low fertiliser applications to 10 t/ha under high fertiliser rates. The stand gave a 3.2 t DM/ha response to the addition of 50 kg/ha sulphur alone. Both clovers are very persistent and appear to remain productive for several years in the absence of fertiliser applications
PENGARUH SENAM AEROBIK TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI
Authors: Indrawati Lina
Published: July 2020

Hipertensi telah menjadi masalah utama dalam kesehatan dunia. WHO memperkirakan sekitar 80% kenaikan kasus hipertensi akan terjadi pada tahun 2025 terutama di negara berkembang dari sejumlah 639 juta kasus di tahun 2000 menjadi 1,15 milyar di tahun 2025. Intervensi  senam aerobik sebagai terapi non farmakologi mampu menurunkan tekanan darah sesudah diberikan terapi selama 30-45 menit, melakukan senam aerobik dapat mendorong jantung bekerja lebih optimal, meningkatkan frekuensi jantung dan menaikan kekuatan pemompaan jantung yang baik terhadap kebutuhan oksigen, dan jantung tidak perlu berdenyut dengan cepat untuk memompa darah sehingga akan menyebabkan kecepatan jantung menurun, penurunan curah jantung dan penurunan resistensi perifer total, sehingga terjadi penurunan tekanan darah. Mengetahui pengaruh senam aerobik terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada penderita Hipertensi di Puskesmas Jati Asih 2017. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan menggunakan one group pre-test and post-test design tanpa kontrol dengan sampel sebanyak 30 orang. Pengaruh senam aerobik terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistic t-test. Ada pengaruh senam aerobik terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi (p value = 0,000 ; α = 0,05). Pemberian senam aerobik efektif menurunkan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi. Peneliti menyarankan untuk menerapkan intervensi senam aerobik ini di Puskesmas Jatiasih Bekasi.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Tentang Gizi Ibu Hamil Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Ambarsari Wulan Novika , Utami Tria
Published: July 2020

Data WHO tahun 2007 diseluruh dunia, terdapat kematian ibu hamil di negara berkembang sebesar 90% dikarenakan oleh difisiensi besi/anemia dan perdarahan akut bahkan terdapat 52% ibu di dunia yang mengalami anemia. Data anemia tertinggi di kota cimahi tahun 2014 ada di Puskesmas Citeureup sebanyak 35%. Kebutuhan dan pemenuhan gizi yang seimbang pada ibu hamil menjadi salah satu indikator dalam penatalaksanaan anemia. Untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di wiayah kerja Puskesmas Citeureup Kota Cimahi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei analitik dan rancangan studi cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilan Accidental sampling. Besaran sampel adalah 61 responden. Dari hasil analisis bahwa yang berpengetahuan kurang tentang gizi sebanyak 27 (44,3 %) responden dan yang mengalami anemia sebanyak 43 (47,5 %) responden. Dari hasil uji statistic chi square didapatkan nilai P=0.001 <α=0.05 yang artinya Ho ditolak. Terdapat hubungan antara gizi dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Citeureup Kota Cimahi. Dengan hasil penelitian ini diharapkan Puskesmas Citeureup meningkatkan upaya preventif untuk menurunkan angka kejadian Anemia salah satunya melalui penyuluhan tentang Gizi ibu hamil.
Efektifitas Stimulasi Pijat Bayi terhadap Peningkatan Berat Badan Bayi Usia 0-4 Bulan dengan Riwayat BBLR
Authors: Ulfa Reny Badariyah , Munir Zainal , Kholisotin Kholisotin
Published: July 2020

Bayi  merupakan  makluk  yang  sangat  peka  dan  halus,  memiliki  kebutuhan  yang  harus  dipenuhi meliputi kebutuhan fisik, biologis serta emosi. Kebutuhan tersebut salah satunya dapat dipenuhi melalui stimulasi yang tidak hanya memberi efek rilek tetapi juga dapat merangsang pertumbuhan dengan meningkatkan berat badan bayi. Stimulasi tersebut dilakukan dengan benar sesuai langkah- langkah panduan pijat bayi, hal ini bertujuan untuk mencapai pertumbuhan yang optimal. Mengetahui efektivitas stimulus pijat bayi terhadap peningkatan berat badan bayi usia 0-4 bulan dengan riwayat BBLR di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cermee.Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi Eksperiment dengan metode One-Group Pra-Post Test Design.Tehnik pengambilan sampel Accidental Sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 15 responden. Analisis data dilakukan dengan tahapan analisis bivariat menggunakan independet t-test dengan tingkat kemaknaan p-value < 0,05.Hasil uji t-test menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh pijat bayi terhadap peningkatan berat badan bayi dengan kenaikan sebesar 3-20% dengan nilai didapatkan t hitung =11.183 > t-tabel =2.144 dan ρ-value 0,000 < 0,005. Pada bayi berat lahir rendah yang dilakukan stimulasi pijat selama 15 hari yang mendapatkan asupan nutrisi ASI, ASI +SUFOR dan SUFOR mengalami kenaikan berat badan yang beragam dari 3-20%.
Hubungan Kehamilan Lewat Waktu dan Preeklampsia Berat (PEB) dengan Kejadian Asfiksia Neonatorum
Authors: Mandasari Pera
Published: July 2020

Asfiksia neonatorum ialah keadaan dimana bayi tidak dapat segera bernafas secara spontan dan teratur (Prawirohardjo, 2010). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kehamilan lewat waktu  dan preeklampsia berat dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum di RSUD Kota Prabumulih. Metode penelitian bersifat analitik, dengan menggunakan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang melahirkan diruang kebidanan RSUD Kota Prabumulih. Metode pengambilan sampel penelitian dengan metode random sampling yaitu 321 orang. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan dari  analisa bivariat diketahui bahwa dari 26  responden yang mengalami kehamilan lewat waktu terdapat 19 responden (5,9%) yang melahirkan bayi dengan asfiksia, sedangkan dari 295 responden yang tidak mengalami kehamilan lewat waktu terdapat 38 responden (11,9%) yang melahirkan bayi dengan asfiksia, dari 55 responden yang mengalami preeklampsia berat terdapat 40 responden (12,5%) yang melahirkan bayi dengan asfiksia, sedangkan dari 266 responden yang tidak mengalami preeklampsia berat terdapat 17 responden (5,3%) yang melahirkan bayi dengan asfiksia. Kesimpulan ada hubungan yang brmakna antara kehamilan lewat waktu dengan kejadian asfiksia dengan nilai p-value 0,000 ≤ α 0,05 dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara preeklampsia berat dengan kejadian asfiksia dengan nilai P value 0,000 ≤ 0,05.
QUALITY ACCREDITATION OF DENTAL CLINICS: NEED OF THE HOUR (PART 2)
ADDRESSING REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO ACCESS, ASSESSMENT & CONTINUITY OF CARE
Authors: Dhule Manjusha
Published: July 2020

This is the second article in the series of articles ‘Quality Accreditation of Dental Clinics – Need of the hour’. As described in the first article (Published in JIDA May 2020 issue) there are 10 chapters in NABH standards for Dental Healthcare Service Providers (DHSP). ‘Access, Assessment & Continuity of Care’ (AAC) is the first chapter.
Addressing accreditation standards and implementing them in day-to-day practices is the primary objective in the preparation of DHSP for accreditation.
The aim of this article is to provide brief idea about the criteria required to fulfill in order to address requirements related to the first chapter of NABH, i.e., AAC.

KEY WORDS:
Quality Accreditations, Dental Clinics, NABH, AAC
Temperature Dependent Control of the R27 Conjugative Plasmid Genes
Authors: Gibert Marta , Paytubi Sonia , Madrid Cristina , Balsalobre Carlos
Published: July 2020

Conjugation of R27 plasmid is thermoregulated, being promoted at 25°C and repressed at 37°C. Previous studies identified plasmid-encoded regulators, HtdA, TrhR and TrhY, that control expression of conjugation-related genes (tra). Moreover, the nucleoid-associated protein H-NS represses conjugation at non-permissive temperature. A transcriptomic approach has been used to characterize the effect of temperature on the expression of the 205 R27 genes. Many of the 35 tra genes, directly involved in plasmid-conjugation, were upregulated at 25°C. However, the majority of the non-tra R27 genes—many of them with unknown function—were more actively expressed at 37°C. The role of HtdA, a regulator that causes repression of the R27 conjugation by counteracting TrhR/TrhY mediated activation of tra genes, has been investigated. Most of the R27 genes are severely derepressed at 25°C in an htdA mutant, suggesting that HtdA is involved also in the repression of R27 genes other than the tra genes. Interestingly, the effect of htdA mutation was abolished at non-permissive temperature, indicating that the HtdA-TrhR/TrhY regulatory circuit mediates the environmental regulation of R27 gene expression. The role of H-NS in the proposed model is discussed.
Preliminary Evidence of a Molecular Detection Method to Analyze Bacterial DNA as a Quality Indicator in Cosmetics
Authors: Michelutti Luca , Bulfoni Michela , Bolzon Veronica , Nencioni Emanuele
Published: July 2020

Cosmetics are a category of widely consumed and distributed products, and their manufacture is always subject to specific guidelines. Quality Control (QC) tests provide information supporting the absence of injurious organisms and regarding the microbiological stability of cosmetics. The microbiological risk analysis is typically performed using the plate count method, which is a time-consuming and operator-dependent approach. Molecular technologies allow a deeper and more sensitive testing than traditional cultures. The demand for rapid and sensitive methods is recently increasing. The aim of our study was to compare different DNA extraction methods in order to detect and quantify bacterial load in cosmetics using a qPCR system. Known numbers of microorganisms were spiked into six different cosmetics to simulate contaminated samples. DNA was extracted with seven extraction kits and then quantified by real-time qPCR. Results revealed differences in terms of cell recovery, DNA yield, and quality. The bead-beating approaches were the most suitable in our molecular workflow and lead to good quality DNA for analysis by qPCR within four hours. Combined with mechanical extraction, qPCR may represent an efficient and easy method for microorganism identification in cosmetics, and can be automated. This approach also is also applicable for the detection of probiotics used as beneficial biological components in cosmetic products. The results of our molecular method provided preliminary evidences for the rapid identification of cells (10–100) and nucleic acids in complex preparations employed for human health, in compliance with regulatory limits. The suggested methodology is easy, fast, and sensitive. Its scalability allows serial microbiological evaluation at every manufacturing step.
Revealing Further Insights on Chilling Injury of Postharvest Bananas by Untargeted Lipidomics
Authors: Liu Juan , Li Qingxin , Chen Junjia , Jiang Yueming
Published: July 2020

Chilling injury is especially prominent in postharvest bananas stored at low temperature below 13 °C. To elucidate better the relationship between cell membrane lipids and chilling injury, an untargeted lipidomics approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was conducted. Banana fruit were stored at 6 °C for 0 (control) and 4 days and then sampled for lipid analysis. After 4 days of storage, banana peel exhibited a marked chilling injury symptom. Furthermore, 45 lipid compounds, including glycerophospholipids, saccharolipids, and glycerolipids, were identified with significant changes in peel tissues of bananas stored for 4 days compared with the control fruit. In addition, higher ratio of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) to monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and higher levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and saturated fatty acids but lower levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and unsaturated fatty acids were observed in banana fruit with chilling injury in contrast to the control fruit. Meanwhile, higher activities of phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) were associated with significantly upregulated gene expressions of MaPLD1 and MaLOX2 and higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content in chilling injury-related bananas. In conclusion, our study indicated that membrane lipid degradation resulted from reduced PC and PE, but accumulated PA, while membrane lipid peroxidation resulted from the elevated saturation of fatty acids, resulting in membrane damage which subsequently accelerated the chilling injury occurrence of banana fruit during storage at low temperature.
Agave Syrup as an Alternative to Sucrose in Muffins: Impacts on Rheological, Microstructural, Physical, and Sensorial Properties
Authors: Ozuna César , Trueba-Vázquez Eugenia , Moraga Gemma , Llorca Empar , Hernando Isabel
Published: July 2020

Natural sweeteners, such as agave syrup, might be a healthy alternative to sucrose used in sweet bakery products linked to obesity. We evaluated the effect of sucrose replacement by agave syrup on rheological and microstructural properties of muffin batter and on physical and sensorial properties of the baked product. Muffins were formulated by replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of sucrose by agave syrup (AS) and partially hydrolyzed agave syrup (PHAS), and by adding xanthan gum and doubled quantities of leavening agents. Rheological and microstructural properties of batter during baking were analyzed over the range of 25–100 °C. In the muffins, the structure, texture, color, and sensory acceptance were studied. The combination of agave syrup with xanthan gum and doubled quantities of leavening agents affected (p < 0.05) rheological and microstructural properties of the batters and textural properties of the low-sucrose muffins compared to the controls. The increase in agave syrup levels resulted in a darker crumb and crust. Sensory evaluation showed that AS-75 and PHAS-75 were the best alternatives to the control samples. Our results suggest a plausible substitution of up to 75% of sucrose by agave syrup in preparation of muffins, with physical and sensorial characteristics similar to those of their sucrose-containing counterparts.
Assessing the Biological Safety of Atmospheric Cold Plasma Treated Wheat Using Cell and Insect Models
Authors: Los Agata , Ziuzina Dana , Van Cleynenbreugel Robin , Boehm Daniela , Bourke Paula
Published: July 2020

Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) is under investigation for an extensive range of biocontrol applications in food biosystems. However, the development of a novel intervention technology requires a thorough evaluation of the potential for negative effects and the implications for the human and animal food chains’ safety. The evaluations were performed using a contained, high-voltage, dielectric barrier discharge plasma system. The cytotoxicity of two types of food models—a liquid model (wheat model medium (WMM)) vs. a solid model (wheat grain extract (WGE)) was compared in vitro using the mammalian cell line CHO-K1. The residual toxicity of ACP treatment of grains for food purposes was assessed using the invertebrate model Tribolium castaneum, by feeding the beetles with flour produced from ACP-treated wheat grains. The cytotoxic effects and changes in the chemistry of the ACP-treated samples were more pronounced in samples treated in a liquid form as opposed to actual wheat grains. The feeding trial using T. castaneum demonstrated no negative impacts on the survivability or weight profiles of insects. Investigations into the interactions of plasma-generated species with secondary metabolites in the food matrices are necessary to ensure the safety of plasma for food applications.
Microencapsulation of Rambutan Peel Extract by Spray Drying
Authors: Boyano-Orozco Luis , Gallardo-Velázquez Tzayhrí , Meza-Márquez Ofelia Gabriela , Osorio-Revilla Guillermo
Published: July 2020

Microencapsulation of bioactive compounds (BC) from rambutan peel by spray drying using DE10 maltodextrin as encapsulating agent was performed. The optimal conditions for the ethanolic extraction of BC were 60 °C, with a time of 1 h, 55% aqueous ethanol and three extraction cycles. The best spray drying encapsulating conditions for BC and antioxidant capacity (AC) were: inlet temperature 160 °C, outlet temperature 80 °C, and 10% encapsulating agent concentration in the feeding solution (core:encapsulating agent ratio of 1:4). With these conditions, retention and encapsulation efficiencies obtained were higher than 85%, the water activity value, moisture content and Hausner Index were of 0.25 ± 0.01, 3.95 ± 0.10%, and 1.42 ± 0.00, respectively. The optimized powder presented good solubility and morphological properties, showing microcapsules without ruptures. Based on these results, microencapsulation by spray drying is a viable technique which protects BC of rambutan peel, facilitating its application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
Determination of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in Ewe Milk Fat by GC-MS after Intravenous Administration of Sterculic Acid
Authors: Lolli Veronica , Toral Pablo G. , Caligiani Augusta , Gómez-Cortés Pilar
Published: July 2020

Cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPEFA), found in oilseeds from Malvaceae and Sterculiaceae, have been shown to interfere with the endogenous synthesis of several bioactive lipids of dairy fat, such as cis-9, trans-11 18:2 and cis-9 18:1, by inhibiting Δ9-desaturase. No previous study has reported the presence of sterculic acid in animal fat and its incorporation in tissues after its administration, due to the lack of a proper methodology. In the present research, a GC-MS method based on cold base derivatization to fatty acids methylesters was developed to determine CPEFA in ewe milk triglycerides, after infusing sterculic acid (0.5 g/day) to six lactating ewes. An alternative derivatization based on silanyzation followed by GC-MS analysis was also tested, showing its possible applicability when CPEFA are present in the form of free fatty acids. Sterculic acid was detected in ewe milk triglycerides, demonstrating its incorporation from the bloodstream into milk by the mammary gland. The mean transfer rate represented 8.0 ± 1.0% of the daily dose. This study provides, for the first time, the presence of sterculic acid in milk fat, supporting the importance of understanding its occurrence in vivo and encouraging further research to determine whether it can be present in foods, such as dairy products, obtained under practical farming conditions.
Influence of Selected Product and Process Parameters on Microstructure, Rheological, and Textural Properties of 3D Printed Cookies
Authors: Varghese Cinu , Wolodko John , Chen Lingyun , Doschak Michael , Srivastav Prem Prakash , Roopesh M. S.
Published: July 2020

One of the major advantages of 3D food printing is the customizability in terms of structure, design, and nutritional content. However, printability of the ingredients and the quality of the 3D printed food products are dependent on several product and printing parameters. In this study, nutrient dense cookies were developed with underutilized ingredients including jackfruit seed powder and finger millet powder as base materials using 3D food printing. The hardness, rheological behavior, and microstructure of 3D printed cookies with different products (e.g., water butter ratio) and printing (e.g., fill density and temperature) parameters were analyzed. The 3D printed cookies were developed by extruding at 27 and 30 °C with fill density values of 50%, 70%, 90%, and 100% and water butter ratios of 3:10 and 6:5. The 3D-printed cookie dough exhibited a more elastic behavior with higher storage modulus values than the loss modulus. The hardness of the baked cookies was influenced by printing temperature, fill density, and water butter ratio of 3D printed cookie dough and their interactions. The closed porosity of 3D printed cookies increased while the open porosity decreased with an increase in fill density. The baking times required were longer for 3D-printed cookies with higher fill density values. Overall, this study shows the importance of considering the specific ingredient and printing parameters to develop high quality 3D-printed cookies.
Composition of Phenolic Acids and Antioxidant Properties of Selected Pulses Cooked with Different Heating Conditions
Authors: Liu Yihan , Ragaee Sanaa , Marcone Massimo F. , Abdel-Aal El-Sayed M.
Published: July 2020

Pulses are recommended for healthy eating due to their high content of nutrients and bioactive compounds that can undergo changes during cooking. This study investigated the effects of four cooking methods (boiling, pressure, microwave, slow) and three heating solutions (water, salt, sugar) on the phenolic acids and antioxidant properties of three pulses (faba beans, lentils, peas). The composition of phenolic acids differed among the three pulses with p-coumaric and ferulic being the dominant acids. Cooking increased free phenolic acids and lessened bound phenolic acids in faba beans and peas, while decreased both free and bound phenolic acids in lentils. Cooking resulted in reductions in total phenol content (TPC) in faba bean methanol and bound extracts. Pressure and microwave cooking increased TPC in lentil methanol extracts, while pot boiling and slow cooking reduced TPC. Microwave cooking resulted in increases in TPC in bound phenolic extracts from lentils. For peas, cooking increased TPC in both methanol and bound phenolic extracts. Significant changes were also observed in the antioxidant capacity of cooked pulses based on the scavenging ability of DPPH, ABTS and peroxyl radicals subject to the type of pulse, polyphenol and antioxidant assay. Despite the significant reduction in antioxidants, high amounts of phenolics with potent antioxidant activities are still found in cooked pulses.
A Chip Digital PCR Assay for Quantification of Common Wheat Contamination in Pasta Production Chain
Authors: Morcia Caterina , Bergami Raffaella , Scaramagli Sonia , Ghizzoni Roberta , Carnevali Paola , Terzi Valeria
Published: July 2020

Pasta, the Italian product par excellence, is made of pure durum wheat. The use of Triticum durum derived semolina is in fact mandatory for Italian pasta, in which Triticum aestivum species is considered a contamination that must not exceed the 3% maximum level. Over the last 50 years, various electrophoretic, chemical, and immuno-chemical methods have been proposed aimed to track the possible presence of common wheat in semolina and pasta. More recently, a new generation of methods, based on DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) analysis, has been developed to this aim. Species traceability can be now enforced by a new technology, namely digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR) which quantify the number of target sequence present in a sample, using limiting dilutions, PCR, and Poisson statistics. In our work we have developed a duplex chip digital PCR (cdPCR) assay able to quantify common wheat presence along pasta production chain, from raw materials to final products. The assay was verified on reference samples at known level of common wheat contamination and applied to commercial pastas sampled in the Italian market.
Maximizing the Minimal Satisfaction—Characterizations of Two Proportional Values
Authors: Li Wenzhong , Xu Genjiu , Sun Hao
Published: July 2020

A class of solutions are introduced by lexicographically minimizing the complaint of coalitions for cooperative games with transferable utility. Among them, the nucleolus is an important representative. From the perspective of measuring the satisfaction of coalitions with respect to a payoff vector, we define a family of optimal satisfaction values in this paper. The proportional division value and the proportional allocation of non-separable contribution value are then obtained by lexicographically maximizing two types of satisfaction criteria, respectively, which are defined by the lower bound and the upper bound of the core from the viewpoint of optimism and pessimism respectively. Correspondingly, we characterize these two proportional values by introducing the equal minimal satisfaction property and the associated consistency property. Furthermore, we analyze the duality of these axioms and propose more approaches to characterize these two values on basis of the dual axioms.
Packing Oblique 3D Objects
Authors: Pankratov Alexander , Romanova Tatiana , Litvinchev Igor
Published: July 2020

Packing irregular 3D objects in a cuboid of minimum volume is considered. Each object is composed of a number of convex shapes, such as oblique and right circular cylinders, cones and truncated cones. New analytical tools are introduced to state placement constraints for oblique shapes. Using the phi-function technique, optimized packing is reduced to a nonlinear programming problem. Novel solution approach is provided and illustrated by numerical examples.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in the Control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Transmission by Kiwifruit Pollen
Authors: Lopes Margarida M. , Bartolomeu Maria , Gomes Ana T. P. C. , Figueira Etelvina , Pinto Ricardo , Reis Luís , Balcão Victor M. , Faustino M. Amparo F. , Neves M. Graça P. M. S. , Almeida Adelaide
Published: July 2020

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a phytopathogen responsible for bacterial canker in kiwifruit plants and can be disseminated through pollen. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the inactivation of Psa on kiwifruit pollen using New Methylene Blue (NMB) and Methylene Blue (MB) in the presence/absence of potassium iodide (KI). Pollen germination assays were also performed to evaluate if it was affected by aPDT. Higher reduction of Psa was achieved using NMB (5.0 μM) combined with KI (100 mM) in vitro (ca. 8 log CFU mL−1 after 90 min of irradiation), while NMB alone promoted a lower reduction (3.7 log CFU mL−1). The most efficient NMB concentration with KI was used to study the photodynamic efficiency of MB (5.0 μM). MB with KI photo-inactivated Psa more efficiently than NMB, causing the same bacterial reduction (ca. 8 log CFU mL−1) in half the irradiation time (45 min). Therefore, MB was selected for the subsequent ex vivo aPDT assays in pollen. Almost all the Psa cells added artificially to the pollen (3.2 log CFU mL−1) were photo-inactivated (3.1 log CFU mL−1), whereas aPDT had a low effect on pollen natural microorganisms. When KI was added, a significant increase in aPDT effectiveness was observed (4.5 log CFU mL−1). No negative effects were observed in the pollen germination after aPDT. The results show aPDT is an effective and safe method to Psa inactivation on kiwifruit pollen, and MB use is a promising alternative in the control of Psa transmission.
Hole Transfer Layer Engineering for CdTe Nanocrystal Photovoltaics with Improved Efficiency
Authors: Jiang Yasi , Pan Yiyang , Wu Wanhua , Luo Kaiying , Rong Zhitao , Xie Sihang , Zuo Wencai , Yu Jingya , Zhang Ruibo , Qin Donghuan , Xu Wei , Wang Dan , Hou Lintao
Published: July 2020

Interface engineering has led to significant progress in solution-processed CdTe nanocrystal (NC) solar cells in recent years. High performance solar cells can be fabricated by introducing a hole transfer layer (HTL) between CdTe and a back contact electrode to reduce carrier recombination by forming interfacial dipole effect at the interface. Here, we report the usage of a commercial product 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro) as a hole transfer layer to facilitate the hole collecting for CdTe nanocrystal solar cells. It is found that heat treatment on the hole transfer layer has significant influence on the NC solar cells performance. The Jsc, Voc, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of NC solar cells are simultaneously increased due to the decreased contact resistance and enhanced built-in electric field. We demonstrate solar cells that achieve a high PCE of 8.34% for solution-processed CdTe NC solar cells with an inverted structure by further optimizing the HTL annealing temperature, which is among the highest value in CdTe NC solar cells with the inverted structure.
A Comparative Study on Physicochemical, Photocatalytic, and Biological Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Formed Using Extracts of Different Parts of Cudrania tricuspidata
Authors: Park Sun Young , Lu Guo , Kim Beomjin , Song Woo Chang , Park Geuntae , Choi Young-Whan
Published: July 2020

Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (SNPs) have great potential for biomedical applications, due to their distinctive optical, chemical, and catalytic properties. In this study, we aimed to develop green-synthesized SNPs from extracts of Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) roots (CTR), stems (CTS), leaves (CTL), and fruit (CTF) and to evaluate their physicochemical, photocatalytic, and biological properties. CTR, CTS, CTL, and CTF extracts were evaluated and compared for their total phenol and flavonoid content, reducing capacity, and antioxidant activity. The results revealed that CTR, CTS, CTL, and CTF extracts have high phenol and flavonoid content, as well as a powerful antioxidant and reducing capacity. CTR and CTS extracts showed the strongest effects. The results from UV-Vis spectra analysis, dynamic light scattering, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed the successful formation of CT-SNPs with surface morphology, crystallinity, reduction capacity, capsulation, and stabilization. Synthesized CT-SNPs successfully photocatalyzed methylene blue, methyl orange, rhodamine B, and Reactive Black 5 within 20 min. The CTR- and CTS-SNPs showed better antibacterial properties against different pathogenic microbes (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enteritidis) than the CTL- and CTF-SNPs. CTS- and CTR-SNPs showed the most effective cytotoxicity and antiapoptosis properties in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2 and SK-Hep-1). CT-SNPs also seemed to be more biologically active than the CT extracts. The results of this study provide evidence of the establishment of CT extract SNPs and their physicochemical, photocatalytic, and biological properties.
Optimizing the Processing Factor and Formulation of Oat-Based Cookie Dough for Enhancement in Stickiness and Moisture Content Using Response Surface Methodology and Superimposition
Authors: Mohd Basri Mohd Salahuddin , Mohd Jais Nurain , Sulaiman Alifdalino , Mohd Nor Mohd Zuhair , Abdul Karim Shah Nor Nadiah , Ariffin Siti Hajar
Published: July 2020

Despite the utilization of dusting flour and oil to reduce dough stickiness during the production process in food industry, they do not effectively help in eliminating the problem. Stickiness remains the bane of the production of bakery and confectionery products, including cookies. In addition, the high moisture content of cookie dough is unduly important to obtain a high breaking and compression strengths (cookies with high breaking tolerance). This study was conducted in light of insufficient research hitherto undertaken on the utilization of response surface methodology and superimposition to enhance the stickiness and moisture content of quick oat-based cookie dough. The study aims at optimizating, validating and superimposing the best combination of factors, to produce the lowest stickiness and highest moisture content in cookie dough. In addition, the effect of flour content and resting time on the stickiness and moisture content of cookie dough was also investigated, and microstructure analysis conducted. The central composite design (CCD) technique was employed and 39 runs were generated by CCD based on two factors with five levels, which comprised flour content (50, 55, 60, 65, and 70%), resting time (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min) and three replications. Results from ANOVA showed that all factors were statistically significant at p < 0.05. Flour content between 56% and 62%, and resting time within 27 and 50 min, resulted in dough with high stickiness. High-region moisture content was observed for flour content between 60% and 70%, and within 10 and 15 min of resting time. The optimized values for flour content (V1) = 67% and resting time (V2) = 10 min. The predicted model (regression coefficient model) was found to be accurate in predicting the optimum value of factors. The experimental validation showed the average relative deviation for stickiness and moisture content was 8.54% and 1.44%, respectively. The superimposition of the contour plots was successfully developed to identify the optimum region for the lowest stickiness and highest moisture content which were at 67–70% flour content and 10–15 min resting time.
Magnetic Fields in Food Processing Perspectives, Applications and Action Models
Authors: Miñano Hubert Luzdemio Arteaga , Silva Ana Carolina de Sousa , Souto Sergio , Costa Ernane José Xavier
Published: July 2020

Magnetic fields (MF) are increasingly being applied in food processing to preserve food quality. They can be static (SMF), oscillating (OMF) or pulsed (PMF) depending on the type of equipment. The food characteristics can be influenced by several configurations of the applied magnetic field as its flux density, frequency, polarity and exposure time. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the effects of magnetic fields on foods. Some of them propose interactions at the subatomic particle level that show quantum behavior, such as the radical pair and cyclotron resonance mechanisms. Other proposals are at the level of DNA, compounds, subcellular organelles and cells. The interactions between food and magnetic fields are addressed in a general way in this work, highlighting the applications and action models involved and their effects on the physicochemical, enzymatic and microbiological characteristics of food.
Pulsed Multiphase Flows—Numerical Investigation of Particle Dynamics in Pulsating Gas–Solid Flows at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Teiwes Arne , Dosta Maksym , Jacob Michael , Heinrich Stefan
Published: July 2020

Although the benefits of pulsating multiphase flows and the concomitant opportunity to intensify heat and mass transfer processes for, e.g., drying, extraction or chemical reactions have been known for some time, the industrial implementation is still limited. This is particularly due to the lack of understanding of basic influencing factors, such as amplitude and frequency of the pulsating flow and the resulting particle dynamics. The pulsation generates oscillation of velocity, pressure, and temperature, intensifying the heat and mass transfer by a factor of up to five compared to stationary gas flow. With the goal of process intensification and targeted control of sub-processes or even the development of completely new processing routes for the formation, drying or conversion of particulate solids in pulsating gas flows as utilized in, e.g., pulse combustion drying or pulse combustion spray pyrolysis, the basic understanding of occurring transport processes is becoming more and more important. In the presented study, the influence of gas-flow conditions and particle properties on particle dynamics as well as particle residence time and the resulting heat and mass transfer in pulsating gas–solid flows are investigated.
Analysis of the Environmental Sustainability of a Megacity through a Cobenefits Indicator System—The Case of Shanghai
Authors: Qiao Wen , Sun Xing , Jiang Ping , Wang Linji
Published: July 2020

Based on the synergistic control of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, a co-benefits indicator system was established to evaluate the co-benefits of city policies for megacities with regard to energy conservation and environmental sustainability. Shanghai was chosen as a typical case study, owing to its relatively high level of progress in terms of urbanization and its complex economic, social, and ecological development problems. In this indicator system, 23 indicators were screened, based on the driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework. Economic, social, and ecological development data for Shanghai from 2005 to 2018 were collected and analyzed using an entropy method. This was followed by the application of a weighted average method to determine the indicator weights and co-benefits index (CBI) for Shanghai. The results yield variations in the weights of the indexes. The weight of the tertiary industry production proportion in the GDP was the highest, owing to the government promotional policies, whereas the weight of the annual average temperature was the smallest, as global warming only becomes significant when the time span is much longer. In such a short time span (i.e., 14years), the change in the annual average temperature is relatively insignificant. The Co-benefit Index also varied over time; it showed a growing trend over the 14 years, increasing from 0.375 in 2005 to 1.365 in 2018, i.e., a 264% increase. This indicates that the efforts taken in Shanghai and their effects were positive, overall. Four suggestions were proposed, based on the results of the analysis: a) control the amount of total energy consumption and change the energy structure to reduce carbon and air pollution emissions; b) adjust the structure of industry, especially by increasing the proportion of tertiary industries; c) increase investments in environmental protection; and d) cooperate with regional partners to limit the occurrence of acid rain. The applicability of this approach and research prospects are also discussed.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2005c Induces Dendritic Cell Maturation and Th1 Responses and Exhibits Immunotherapeutic Activity by Fusion with the Rv2882c Protein
Authors: Back Yong Woo , Shin Ki Won , Choi Seunga , Park Hye-Soo , Lee Kang-In , Choi Han-Gyu , Kim Hwa-Jung
Published: July 2020

Immunotherapy represents a promising approach for improving current antibiotic treatments through the engagement of the host’s immune system. Latency-associated antigens have been included as components of multistage subunit tuberculosis vaccines. We first identified Rv2005c, a DosR regulon-encoded protein, as a seroreactive protein. In this study, we found that Rv2005c induced dendritic cell (DC) maturation and Th1 responses, and its expression by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) within macrophages was enhanced by treatment with CoCl2, a hypoxia-mimetic agent. T cells activated by Rv2005c-matured DCs induced antimycobacterial activity in macrophages under hypoxic conditions but not under normoxic conditions. However, Rv2005c alone did not exhibit any significant vaccine efficacy in our mouse model. The fusion of Rv2005c to the macrophage-activating protein Rv2882c resulted in significant activation of DCs and antimycobacterial activity in macrophages, which were enhanced under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the Rv2882c-Rv2005c fusion protein showed significant adjunctive immunotherapeutic effects and led to the generation of long-lasting, antigen-specific, multifunctional CD4+ T cells that coproduced TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-2 in the lungs of our established mouse model. Overall, these results provide a novel fusion protein with immunotherapeutic potential as adjunctive chemotherapy for tuberculosis.
COURSE OF HIV INFECTION AND MECHANISMS OF PREGNANCY FAILURE DEVELOPMENT IN WOMEN LIVING IN THE SUBARCTIC REGION
Authors: Sokolova T.N. , Kasparova A.E. , Kovalenko L.V. , Sus L.A. , Shelud'ko V.S. , Mordovina I.I.
Published: July 2020

The aim of the paper is to present the results obtained from scientific literature on the characteristics of gestation course and the mechanisms of its failure in HIV-infected women of the Subarctic region.
Materials and Methods. The authors conducted a literary search in the CyberLeninka, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and HAC journals. They also studied statistical HIV indicators in the world, in Russia and in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area – Yugra. Literary sources are no older than 10 tears.
Results. Long-term residence in a Subarctic region cannot but affect the course of a chronic viral infection in pregnant women. Besides the prevention of vertical HIV transmission from a woman to her child, highly active antiviral therapy is an additional factor contributing to the development of premature birth, anemia and other gestation complications in pregnant women.
Keywords: HIV infection, leukocyte indices, adaptation, antiviral therapy, premature birth.

Цель – представить данные научной литературы об особенностях течения беременности и механизмах формирования ее патологии у ВИЧ-инфицированных жительниц субарктического региона.
Материалы и методы. Проведен литературный поиск в базах «КиберЛенинка», PubMed, Medline, журналах Scopus, ВАК, а также изучены статистические показатели ВИЧ в мире, России и ХМАО – Югре. Глубина исследования в основном не превышала 10 лет.
Результаты. Длительное проживание в условиях субарктического региона не может не отразиться на течении хронической вирусной инфекции у беременной. Высокоактивная антивирусная терапия, несмотря на профилактику вертикальной передачи ВИЧ от матери ребенку, является дополнительным фактором развития преждевременных родов, анемии беременных и других осложнений гестации.
Ключевые слова: ВИЧ-инфекция, лейкоцитарные индексы, адаптация, антивирусная терапия, преждевременные роды.
INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL CALCIUM HYDROSILICATES ON THE HARDENING PROCESSES AND PROPERTIES OF NON-AUTOCLAVE SILICATE MATERIALS BASED ON UNCONVENTIONAL ALUMINOSILICATE RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Volodchenko A.
Published: July 2020

one of the possible ways to improve the properties of building materials is to modify the processes of structure formation, which can be realized through the use of crystalline primers. In this regard, it is urgent to study the effect of artificial calcium hydrosilicates on hardening processes, as well as the properties of non-autoclave silicate materials based on non-traditional aluminosilicate raw materials. Studies have shown that the addition of artificial calcium hydrosilicates (CSH) in an amount of 1-1.5 wt. %, when the content in the mixture of CaO is less than 10 wt. %, effectively increases the strength parameters of products at all stages of heat and moisture treatment from 8 to 16%. The most intense increase in strength is observed during the heat-moisture treatment (TBO) from 3 to 6 hours and is at least 13%, while in samples without the addition of artificial calcium hydrosilicates, the strength increase is 6%. The addition of artificial calcium hydrosilicates intensifies the processes of structure formation, which ensures an increase in crystalline matter, and, due to the fibrous structure, acts as a fiber, which contributes to the nano-reinforcement of the cementing substance formed from neoplasms in the CaO-SiO2(Al2O3)-H2O system based on clay rocks and calcium oxide. Due to the accelerated set of strength, it is possible to reduce the duration of isothermal exposure while maintaining the necessary performance characteristics.
As dicotomias da leitura na educação básica: reflexões sobre o “literário” e o “não literário”
Authors: Sá Ana Paula dos Santos de
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho visa discutir as concepções de leitura que perpassam a Educação Básica brasileira, com destaque para as eventuais implicações da distinção entre “texto literário” e “texto não literário” nas práticas de leitura promovidas nos diferentes ciclos. Dá-se especial atenção às diretrizes e orientações presentes nos documentos ofi ciais, a fi m de entender o papel e os desdobramentos das demais relações dicotômicas que compõem esse contexto, tal como a estabelecida entre “ensino de língua” e “ensino de literatura”. Trata-se, portanto, de uma reflexão atenta aos pontos de tensão que envolvem a reivindicação e o exercício da prática de leitura nas escolas, e não de uma análise focada na solução de aparentes binarismos.