bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiherpetic Effects ofGynura procumbens
Authors: Jarikasem Siripen , Charuwichitratana Somyot , Siritantikorn Sontana , Chantratita Wasan , Iskander Magdy , Frahm August Wilhelm , Jiratchariyakul Weena
Published: September 2013

The ethanol extract ofGynura procumbensshowed virucidal and antireplicative actions against herpes simplex virus HSV-1 and HSV-2. It was further chromatographed on MCI gel CHP20P column giving the extract fractions F1 (water), F2 (water-methanol) F3 (methanol), and F4 (ethyl acetate). All but F1 had virucidal action against both viral types. We reported here the active compounds from F2 and F3. The antiherpetic compounds of F2 was a mixture of dicaffeoylquinic acids with virucidal and antireplicative actions against HSV-2 (IC5096.0 and 61.0 μg/mL, resp.) Virucidal compounds of F3 were a mixture ofβ-sitosterol and stigmasterol (IC50250.0 μg/mL against HSV-1), a mixture ofβ-sitosteryl and stigmasteryl glucosides (IC5050.0 μg/mL against HSV-2) and 1, 2-bis-dodecanoyl-3-α-D-glucopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (IC50of 40.0 μg/mL against HSV-2). Herbal products containing 1 and 2% of standardized ethanol extract were prepared. Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of the products was performed in patients with recurrent herpes labialis. Results showed that the number of patients, whose lesions healed within 7 days and the average healing time of both groups differed insignificantly. Viral culture on D7 indicated a decrease of infected patients from 48.7% to 7.69% in treated group whereas in placebo group the infected patients decreased from 31.25% to 20.00%. The viral reduction in treated group indicated the benefit of the product. Insignificant result might arise from a low number of participated patients and insufficient concentration of plant extract in herbal product.
Power Consideration in a Piezoelectric Generator
Authors: Tardiveau Rémi , Giraud Frédéric , Amanci Adrian , Dawson Francis , Giraud-Audine Christophe , Amberg Michel , Lemaire-Semail Betty
Published: September 2013

A piezoelectric generator converts mechanical energy into electricity and is used in energy harvesting devices. In this paper, synchronisation conditions in regard to the excitation vibration are studied. We show that a phase shift of ninety degrees between the vibration excitation and the bender’s displacement provides the maximum power from the mechanical excitation. However, the piezoelectric material is prone to power losses; hence the bender’s displacement amplitude is optimised in order to increase the amount of power which is converted into electricity. In the paper, we use active energy harvesting to control the power flow, and all the results are achieved at a frequency of 200 Hz which is well below the generator’s resonant frequency.
A Novel Closed-Chest Porcine Model of Chronic Ischemic Heart Failure Suitable for Experimental Research in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , De Falco Elena , Peruzzi Mariangela , Cavarretta Elena , Mancone Massimo , Leoni Omar , Caristo Maria Emiliana , Lotrionte Marzia , Marullo Antonino G. M. , Amodeo Antonio , Pacini Luca , Calogero Antonella , Petrozza Vincenzo , Chimenti Isotta , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Frati Giacomo
Published: September 2013

Cardiac pathologies are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in industrialized countries, with myocardial infarction (MI) representing one of the major conditions leading to heart failure (HF). Hitherto, the development of consistent, stable, and reproducible models of closed-chest MI in large animals, meeting the clinical realism of a patient with HF subsequent to chronic ischemic necrosis, has not been successful. We hereby report the design and ensuing application of a novel porcine experimental model of closed-chest chronic ischemia suitable for biomedical research, mimicking post-MI HF. We also emphasize the key procedural steps involved in replicating this unprecedented model, from femoral artery and vein catheterization to MI induction by permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery through superselective deployment of platinum-nylon coils, as well as endomyocardial biopsy sampling for histologic analysis and cell harvesting. Our model could indeed represent a valuable contribution and tool for translational research, providing precious insights to understand and overcome the many hurdles concerning, and currently quenching, the preclinical steps mandatory for the clinical translation of new cardiovascular technologies for personalized HF treatments.
Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 as Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Patients
Authors: Othman Mohamed S. , Aref Ahmed M. , Mohamed Amal A. , Ibrahim Wesam A.
Published: September 2013

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been reported to be related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical usefulness of serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 as biomarkers for HCC among high-risk patients.Materials and Methods. 80 individuals were enrolled in this study; they were categorized into 4 groups: group 1 healthy individuals (NC) (n=20), group 2 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients (n=20), group 3 cirrhotic patients (LC) (n=20), and HCC group (n=20). Using ELISA technique serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) were evaluated in all groups.Results. The mean serum levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in HCC than in LC, HCV, and NC groups (13.99±1.80,7.49±0.43,5.78±0.74, and2.57±0.31), respectively (P<0.05); also the serum levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in HCC compared with LC, HCV, and NC groups (13.69±1.89,7.37±0.53,5.18±0.6, and3.31±0.42) (P<0.05). We also found that the tumor size is correlated strongly with IL-6 and IL-10 levels (r=0.925,P<0.001;r=0.821,P<0.001), respectively.Conclusion. The combination of those markers may help to identify a group of HCC patients with low AFP.
Resveratrol Protects the Brain of Obese Mice from Oxidative Damage
Authors: Rege Shraddha D. , Kumar Sruthi , Wilson David N. , Tamura Leslie , Geetha Thangiah , Mathews Suresh T. , Huggins Kevin W. , Broderick Tom L. , Babu Jeganathan Ramesh
Published: September 2013

Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin that exerts cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antioxidant effects. Recently it has been shown that obesity is associated with an increase in cerebral oxidative stress levels, which may enhance neurodegeneration. The present study evaluates the neuroprotective action of resveratrol in brain of obese (ob/ob) mice. Resveratrol was administered orally at the dose of 25 mg kg−1body weight daily for three weeks to lean and obese mice. Resveratrol had no effect on body weight or blood glucose levels in obese mice. Lipid peroxides were significantly increased in brain of obese mice. The enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and nonenzymatic antioxidants tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and glutathione were decreased in obese mice brain. Administration of resveratrol decreased lipid peroxide levels and upregulated the antioxidant activities in obese mice brain. Our findings indicate a neuroprotective effect of resveratrol by preventing oxidative damage in brain tissue of obese mice.
Reversed Halo Sign in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Suzuki Kazuhiro , Seyama Kuniaki , Hayashi Takuo , Yamashiro Yuki , Shiraishi Akihiko , Kuwatsuru Ryohei
Published: September 2013

We describe a reversed halo sign in a teenage girl with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Lung manifestations of TSC include lung cysts corresponding to lymphangioleiomyomatosis and small nodules indicating multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia (MMPH). However, a reversed halo sign in TSC has never been reported. The lesion was microscopically consistent with MMPH. Immunohistological findings also supported the notion that the lesion is associated with TSC.
Assessment of Prestress Force in Bridges Using Structural Dynamic Responses under Moving Vehicles
Authors: Li Hao , Lv Zhongrong , Liu Jike
Published: September 2013

This study carries out numerical simulations to identify the magnitude of prestress force in a highway bridge by making use of the dynamic responses from moving vehicular loads. The prestressed bridges are modeled using four-node isoparametric flat shell element taking into account the transverse shearing deformation in the finite element model. The vehicle is modeled as a multiple degrees-of-freedom system. An approach based on dynamic response sensitivity-based finite element model updating is proposed to identify the elemental prestress force. The identified results are obtained iteratively with the penalty function method with regularization from the measured structural dynamic responses. A single-span prestressed Tee beam and two-span prestressed box-girder bridge are studied as two numerical examples. The effects of road surface roughness, measurement noise, and speed of moving vehicle on the identification results are investigated. Studies indicate that the proposed method is efficient and robust for prestress force identification. Good identified results can be obtained from several measured acceleration responses.
Intra-Articular Giant Heterotopic Ossification following Total Knee Arthroplasty for Charcot Arthropathy
Authors: Nakajima Arata , Tsuge Shintaro , Aoki Yasuchika , Sonobe Masato , Shibata Yoshifumi , Sasaki Yu , Nakagawa Koichi
Published: September 2013

Although the Charcot arthropathy may be associated with serious complications, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the preferred choice of treatment by patients. This case report presents an 80-year-old man with intra-articular giant heterotopic ossification following loosening of femoral and tibial implants and femoral condylar fracture. He had undergone TKA because of Charcot neuropathy seven years ago and had been doing well since. Immediately after a left knee sprain, he became unable to walk. Because he had developed a skin ulcer on his left calf where methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureuswas detected, we postponed revision surgery until the ulcer was completely healed. While waiting, intra-articular bony fragments grew larger and formed giant heterotopic ossified masses. Eventually, the patient underwent revision surgery, and two major ossified masses were carefully and successfully extirpated. It should be noted that intra-articular heterotopic giant ossification is a significant complication after TKA for neuropathic arthropathy.
Study on the Explicit Formula of the Triangular Flat Shell Element Based on the Analytical Trial Functions for Anisotropy Material
Authors: Fu Xiang-Rong , Ge Li-Na , Tian Ge , Yuan Ming-Wu
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a novel way to formulate the triangular flat shell element. The basic analytical solutions of membrane and bending plate problem for anisotropy material are studied separately. Combining with the conforming displacement along the sides and hybrid element strategy, the triangular flat shell elements based on the analytical trial functions (ATF) for anisotropy material are formulated. By using the explicit integral formulae of the triangular element, the matrices used in proposed shell element are calculated efficiently. The benchmark examples showed the high accuracy and high efficiency.
Anal Canal Duplication in an 11-Year-Old-Child
Authors: Van Biervliet S. , Maris E. , Vande Velde S. , Vande Putte D. , Meerschaut V. , Herregods N. , De Bruyne R. , Van Winckel M. , Van Renterghem K.
Published: September 2013

Anal canal duplication (ACD) is the least frequent digestive duplication. Symptoms are often absent but tend to increase with age. Recognition is, however, important as almost half of the patients with ACD have concomitant malformations. We present the clinical history of an eleven-year-old girl with ACD followed by a review of symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis based on all the reported cases in English literature.
Effect of C/N Ratio and Media Optimization through Response Surface Methodology on Simultaneous Productions of Intra- and Extracellular Inulinase and Invertase fromAspergillus nigerATCC 20611
Authors: Dinarvand Mojdeh , Rezaee Malahat , Masomian Malihe , Jazayeri Seyed Davoud , Zareian Mohsen , Abbasi Sahar , Ariff Arbakariya B.
Published: September 2013

The study is to identify the extraction of intracellular inulinase (exo- and endoinulinase) and invertase as well as optimization medium composition for maximum productions of intra- and extracellular enzymes fromAspergillus nigerATCC 20611. From two different methods for extraction of intracellular enzymes, ultrasonic method was found more effective. Response surface methodology (RSM) with a five-variable and three-level central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the medium composition. The effect of five main reaction parameters including sucrose, yeast extract, NaNO3, Zn+2, and Triton X-100 on the production of enzymes was analyzed. A modified quadratic model was fitted to the data with a coefficient of determination (R2) more than 0.90 for all responses. The intra-extracellular inulinase and invertase productions increased in the range from 16 to 8.4 times in the optimized medium (10% (w/v) sucrose, 2.5% (w/v) yeast extract, 2% (w/v) NaNO3, 1.5 mM (v/v) Zn+2, and 1% (v/v) Triton X-100) by RSM and from around 1.2 to 1.3 times greater than in the medium optimized by one-factor-at-a-time, respectively. The results of bioprocesses optimization can be useful in the scale-up fermentation and food industry.
A Common Fixed Point Theorem in Metric Space under General Contractive Condition
Authors: Chauhan Sunny , Kadelburg Zoran , Dalal Sumitra
Published: September 2013

We prove a common fixed point theorem for two pairs of compatible and subsequentially continuous (alternately subcompatible and reciprocally continuous) mappings satisfying a general contractive condition in a metric space. Some illustrative examples are furnished to highlight the realized improvements. Our result improves the main result of Sedghi and Shobe (2007).
Broadband over Power Lines Systems Convergence: Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Communications Analysis of Overhead and Underground Low-Voltage and Medium-Voltage BPL Networks
Authors: Lazaropoulos Athanasios G.
Published: September 2013

This review paper reveals the broadband potential of overhead and underground low-voltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) broadband over power lines (BPL) networks associated with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The contribution of this review paper is fourfold. First, the unified value decomposition (UVD) modal analysis is introduced. UVD modal analysis is a new technique that unifies eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) and singular value decomposition (SVD) modal analyses achieving the common handling of traditional SISO/BPL and upcoming MIMO/BPL systems. The validity of UVD modal analysis is examined by comparing its simulation results with those of other exact analytical models. Second, based on the proposed UVD modal analysis, the MIMO channels of overhead and underground LV and MV BPL networks (distribution BPL networks) are investigated with regard to their inherent characteristics. Towards that direction, an extended collection of well-validated metrics from the communications literature, such as channel attenuation, average channel gain (ACG), root-mean-square delay spread (RMS-DS), coherence bandwidth (CB), cumulative capacity, capacity complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), and capacity gain (GC), is first applied in overhead and underground MIMO/LV and MIMO/MV BPL channels and systems. It is found that the results of the aforementioned metrics portfolio depend drastically on the frequency, the power grid type (either overhead or underground, either LV or MV), the MIMO scheme configuration properties, the MTL configuration, the physical properties of the cables used, the end-to-end distance, and the number, the electrical length, and the terminations of the branches encountered along the end-to-end BPL signal propagation. Third, three interesting findings concerning the statistical properties of MIMO channels of distribution BPL networks are demonstrated, namely, (i) the ACG, RMS-DS, and cumulative capacity lognormal distributions; (ii) the correlation between RMS-DS and ACG; and (iii) the correlation between RMS-DS and CB. By fitting the numerical results, unified regression distributions appropriate for MIMO/BPL channels and systems are proposed. These three fundamental properties can play significant role in the evaluation of recently proposed statistical channel models for various BPL systems. Fourth, the potential of transformation of overhead and underground LV/BPL and MV/BPL distribution grids to an alternative solution to fiber-to-the-building (FTTB) technology is first revealed. By examining the capacity characteristics of various MIMO scheme configurations and by comparing these capacity results against SISO ones, a new promising urban backbone network seems to be born in a smart grid (SG) environment.
Potential Therapeutic Role of Hispidulin in Gastric Cancer through Induction of Apoptosis via NAG-1 Signaling
Authors: Yu Chao Yuan , Su Kang-Yi , Lee Po-Lei , Jhan Jie-Yu , Tsao Po-Hung , Chan De-Chuan , Chen Yi-Lin Sophia
Published: September 2013

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers due to poor prognoses and high mortality rates worldwide. However, an effective chemotherapeutic drug without side effects remains lacking.Saussurea involucrata(SI) Kar. et Kir., also known as snow lotus, grows in mountainous rocky habitats at 2600 m elevation in the Tian Shan and A’er Tai regions of China. The ethyl acetate extract of SI had been shown to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in various tumor cells. In this study, we demonstrated that Hispidulin, active ingredients in SI, inhibits the growth of AGS gastric cancer cells. After Hispidulin treatment, NAG-1 remained highly expressed, whereas COX-2 expression was downregulated. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that Hispidulin induces G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis in time- and concentration-dependent manners. G1/S arrest correlated with upregulated p21/WAF1 and p16 and downregulated cyclin D1 and cyclin E, independent of p53 pathway. In addition, Hispidulin can elevate Egr-1 expression and ERK1/2 activity, whereas ERK1/2 inhibitor markedly attenuated NAG-1 mediated apoptosis. Taken together, Hispidulin can efficiently activate ERK1/2 signaling followed by NAG-1 constitutive expression and trigger cell cycle arrest as well as apoptosis in cancer cell. It can be a potential compound for combination therapy of gastric cancer in the future.
Identification of DNA-Binding Proteins Using Support Vector Machine with Sequence Information
Authors: Ma Xin , Wu Jiansheng , Xue Xiaoyun
Published: September 2013

DNA-binding proteins are fundamentally important in understanding cellular processes. Thus, the identification of DNA-binding proteins has the particularly important practical application in various fields, such as drug design. We have proposed a novel approach method for predicting DNA-binding proteins using only sequence information. The prediction model developed in this study is constructed by support vector machine-sequential minimal optimization (SVM-SMO) algorithm in conjunction with a hybrid feature. The hybrid feature is incorporating evolutionary information feature, physicochemical property feature, and two novel attributes. These two attributes use DNA-binding residues and nonbinding residues in a query protein to obtain DNA-binding propensity and nonbinding propensity. The results demonstrate that our SVM-SMO model achieves 0.67 Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) and 89.6% overall accuracy with 88.4% sensitivity and 90.8% specificity, respectively. Performance comparisons on various features indicate that two novel attributes contribute to the performance improvement. In addition, our SVM-SMO model achieves the best performance than state-of-the-art methods on independent test dataset.
A Unified Elastoplastic Model of Unsaturated Soils Considering Capillary Hysteresis
Authors: Ma Tiantian , Wei Changfu , Chen Pan , Tian Huihui , Sun De'an
Published: September 2013

Unlike its saturated counterparts, the mechanical behavior of an unsaturated soil depends not only upon its stress history but also upon its hydraulic history. In this paper, a soil-water characteristic relationship which is capable of describing the effect of capillary hysteresis is introduced to characterize the influence of hydraulic history on the skeletal deformation. The capillary hysteresis is viewed as a phenomenon associated with the internal structural rearrangements in unsaturated soils, which can be characterized by using a set of internal state variables. It is shown that both capillary hysteresis and plastic deformation can be consistently addressed in a unified theoretical framework. Within this context, a constitutive model of unsaturated soils is developed by generalizing the modified Cam-Clay model. A hardening function is introduced, in which both the matric suction and the degree of saturation are explicitly included as hardening variables, so that the effect of hydraulic history on the mechanical response can be properly addressed. The proposed model is capable of capturing the main features of the unsaturated soil behavior. The new model has a hierarchical structure, and, depending upon application, it can describe the stress-strain relation and the soil-water characteristics in a coupled or uncoupled manner.
Radiographic Parameters in Predicting Outcome of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Yttrium-90 Microsphere Radioembolization
Authors: Salem Mohamed E. , Jain Nitin , Dyson Gregory , Taylor Stephanie , El-Refai Sherif M. , Choi Minsig , Shields Anthony F. , Critchfield Jeffery , Philip Philip A.
Published: September 2013

Background. In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, selection criteria for transarterial hepatic selective internal radiotherapy are imprecise. Additionally, radiographic parameters to predict outcome of transarterial hepatic selective internal radiotherapy have not been fully characterized. Patients and methods. Computed tomography (CT) scans of 23 patients with unresectable primary hepatocellular carcinoma before and after transarterial hepatic selective internal radiotherapy with yttrium-90 microspheres were retrospectively reviewed. Selected radiographic parameters were evaluated and correlated with progression-free survival and overall survival. Response to treatment was assessed with Response RECIST 1.1 and Morphology, Attenuation, Size, and Structure (MASS) criteria. Results. On the post-SIRT CT, 68% of tumors demonstrated decreased size (median decrease of 0.8 cm, ); 64% had decreased attenuation (median decrease 5.7 HU, ), and 48% demonstrated increased tumor necrosis (). RECIST-defined partial response was seen in 10% patients, stable disease in 80%, and 10% had disease progression. Median progression-free survival was 3.9 months (range, 3.3 to 7.3), and median overall survival was 11.2 months (7.1 to 31.1). Pretreatment lower hepatopulmonary shunt fraction, central hypervascularity, and well-defined tumor margins were associated with improved progression-free survival. Conclusion. In patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, pretreatment CT parameters may predict favorable response to SIRT and improve patient selection.
Analyzing Axial Stress and Deformation of Tubular for Steam Injection Process in Deviated Wells Based on the Varied (T, P) Fields
Authors: Liu Yunqiang , Xu Jiuping , Wang Shize , Qi Bin
Published: September 2013

The axial stress and deformation of high temperature high pressure deviated gas wells are studied. A new model is multiple nonlinear equation systems by comprehensive consideration of axial load of tubular string, internal and external fluid pressure, normal pressure between the tubular and well wall, and friction and viscous friction of fluid flowing. The varied temperature and pressure fields were researched by the coupled differential equations concerning mass, momentum, and energy equations instead of traditional methods. The axial load, the normal pressure, the friction, and four deformation lengths of tubular string are got ten by means of the dimensionless iterative interpolation algorithm. The basic data of the X Well, 1300 meters deep, are used for case history calculations. The results and some useful conclusions can provide technical reliability in the process of designing well testing in oil or gas wells.
Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in Agricultural Soils of Siling Reservoir Watershed in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Naveedullah  , Hashmi Muhammad Zaffar , Yu Chunna , Shen Hui , Duan Dechao , Shen Chaofeng , Lou Liping , Chen Yingxu
Published: September 2013

Presence of heavy metals in agriculture soils above the permissible limit poses threats to public health. In this study, concentrations of seven metals were determined in agricultural soils from Yuhang county, Zhejiang, China. Multivariate statistical approaches were used to study the variation of metals in soils during summer and winter seasons. Contamination of soils was evaluated on the basis of enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), and degree of contamination (Cdeg). Heavy metal concentrations were observed higher in winter as compared to summer season. Cr and Cd revealed random distribution with diverse correlations in both seasons. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed significant anthropogenic intrusions of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Cu in the soils. Enrichment factor revealed significant enrichment (EF>5) of Zn, Cd, and Pb, whereas geoaccumulation index and contamination factor exhibited moderate to high contamination for Zn, Cr, Cd, and Pb. In light of the studied parameters, permissible limit to very high degree of contamination (Cdeg>16) was observed in both seasons.
On -Asymptotically Statistical Equivalence of Sequences of Sets
Authors: Kışı Ömer , Nuray Fatıh
Published: September 2013

This paper presents the notion of -asymptotically statistical
equivalence, which is a natural combination of asymptotic -equivalence, and -statistical equivalence for sequences of sets. We find its relations to -asymptotically statistical convergence, strong -asymptotically equivalence, and strong Cesaro -asymptotically equivalence for sequences of sets.
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Peritoneal Catheter Knot Formation
Authors: Ul-Haq Anwar , Al-Otaibi Faisal , Alshanafey Saud , Sabbagh Mohamed Diya , Al Shail Essam
Published: September 2013

The ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a common procedure in pediatric neurosurgery that carries a risk of complications at cranial and abdominal sites. We report on the case of a child with shunt infection and malfunction. The peritoneal catheter was tethered within the abdominal cavity, precluding its removal. Subsequently, laparoscopic exploration identified a knot at the distal end of the peritoneal catheter around the omentum. A new VP shunt was inserted after the infection was healed. This type of complication occurs rarely, so there are a limited number of case reports in the literature. This report is complemented by a literature review.
Is Hyperopia an Important Risk Factor for PACG in the Dutch Population?—A Case Control Study
Authors: van Romunde Saskia H. M. , Thepass Gijs , Lemij Hans G.
Published: September 2013

Objectives. To determine if hyperopia is a risk factor for primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) in the Dutch population and to identify other biometrical parameters as risk factors for PACG including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), andkvalues.Methods. The study population consisted of PACG patients that had undergone a laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). The control group consisted of age- and gender-matched cataract patients. The main outcome was hyperopia (spherical equivalent ≥+0.5 dioptres) measured with IOL Master or autorefractor. Refractive error, ACD, AL, andkvalues were tested with a Mann-WhitneyUtest and by logistic regression.Results. 117 PACG patients and 234 controls were included (mean age = 80 years ± 3.6). The prevalence of hyperopia in patients and controls was 69.6% and 61.1%, respectively (Fisher’s testP=0.076). Mann-WhitneyUtest showed no statistically significant relation with refractive error (P=0.068) orkvalues (P=0.607). In contrast, ACD and AL were statistically significant (P<0.001). Tested with logistic regression, only ACD was a significant predictor of PACG (P<0.001).Conclusion. There was no statistically significant correlation between refractive error and PACG. ACD was strongly correlated, though, with PACG, whereas AL turned out to be a less significant risk factor.
A Quantum Mermin-Wagner Theorem for a Generalized Hubbard Model
Authors: Kelbert Mark , Suhov Yurii
Published: September 2013

This paper is the second in a series of papers considering symmetry properties of bosonic quantum systems over 2D graphs, with continuous spins, in the spirit of the Mermin-Wagner theorem. In the model considered here the phase space of a single spin isℋ1=L2(M),whereMis ad-dimensional unit torusM=ℝd/ℤdwith a flat metric. The phase space ofkspins isℋk=L2sym(Mk), the subspace ofL2(Mk)formed by functions symmetric under the permutations of the arguments. The Fock spaceH=⊕k=0,1,…ℋkyields the phase space of a system of a varying (but finite) number of particles. We associate a spaceH≃H(i)with each vertexi∈Γof a graph(Γ,ℰ)satisfying a special bidimensionality property. (Physically, vertexirepresents a heavy “atom” or “ion” that does not move but attracts a number of “light” particles.) The kinetic energy part of the Hamiltonian includes (i)-Δ/2, the minus a half of the Laplace operator onM, responsible for the motion of a particle while “trapped” by a given atom, and (ii) an integral term describing possible “jumps” where a particle may join another atom. The potential part is an operator of multiplication by a function (the potential energy of a classical configuration) which is a sum of (a) one-body potentialsU(1)(x),x∈M, describing a field generated by a heavy atom, (b) two-body potentialsU(2)(x,y),x,y∈M, showing the interaction between pairs of particles belonging to the same atom, and (c) two-body potentialsV(x,y),x,y∈M, scaled along the graph distanced(i,j)between verticesi,j∈Γ, which gives the interaction between particles belonging to different atoms. The system under consideration can be considered as a generalized (bosonic) Hubbard model. We assume that a connected Lie groupGacts onM, represented by a Euclidean space or torus of dimensiond'≤d, preserving the metric and the volume inM. Furthermore, we suppose that the potentialsU(1),U(2), andVareG-invariant. The result of the paper is that any (appropriately defined) Gibbs states generated by the above Hamiltonian isG-invariant, provided that the thermodynamic variables (the fugacityzand the inverse temperatureβ) satisfy a certain restriction. The definition of a Gibbs state (and its analysis) is based on the Feynman-Kac representation for the density matrices.
Global Dynamics of an Exploited Prey-Predator Model with Constant Prey Refuge
Authors: Das Uttam , Kar T. K. , Pahari U. K.
Published: September 2013

This paper describes a prey-predator model with Holling type II functional response incorporating constant prey refuge and harvesting to both prey and predator species. We have analyzed the boundedness of the system and existence of all possible feasible equilibria and discussed local as well as global stabilities at interior equilibrium of the system. The occurrence of Hopf bifurcation of the system is examined, and it was observed that the bifurcation is either supercritical or subcritical. Influences of prey refuge and harvesting efforts are also discussed. Some numerical simulations are carried out for the validity of theoretical results.
Therapeutic Strategies for High-Dose Vasopressor-Dependent Shock
Authors: Bassi Estevão , Park Marcelo , Azevedo Luciano Cesar Pontes
Published: September 2013

There is no consensual definition of refractory shock. The use of more than 0.5 mcg/kg/min of norepinephrine or epinephrine to maintain target blood pressure is often used in clinical trials as a threshold. Nearly 6% of critically ill patients will develop refractory shock, which accounts for 18% of deaths in intensive care unit. Mortality rates are usually greater than 50%. The assessment of fluid responsiveness and cardiac function can help to guide therapy, and inotropes may be used if hypoperfusion signs persist after initial resuscitation. Arginine vasopressin is frequently used in refractory shock, although definite evidence to support this practice is still missing. Its associations with corticosteroids improved outcome in observational studies and are therefore promising alternatives. Other rescue therapies such as terlipressin, methylene blue, and high-volume isovolemic hemofiltration await more evidence before use in routine practice.
Online Identification of Multivariable Discrete Time Delay Systems Using a Recursive Least Square Algorithm
Authors: Bedoui Saïda , Ltaïef Majda , Abderrahim Kamel
Published: September 2013

This paper addresses the problem of simultaneous identification of linear discrete time delay multivariable systems. This problem involves both the estimation of the time delays and the dynamic parameters matrices. In fact, we suggest a new formulation of this problem allowing defining the time delay and the dynamic parameters in the same estimated vector and building the corresponding observation vector. Then, we use this formulation to propose a new method to identify the time delays and the parameters of these systems using the least square approach. Convergence conditions and statistics properties of the proposed method are also developed. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method. An application of the developed approach to compact disc player arm is also suggested in order to validate simulation results.
Effects of Wind on Virtual Plants in Animation
Authors: Derzaph Tina L. M. , Hamilton Howard J.
Published: September 2013

This paper presents the Growth-Flow method for animating the effect of wind on the motion and growth of virtual plant branches and leaves. The method incorporates changes to the growth rate when a plant is exposed to winds with speeds higher than a threshold. In particular, growth rate is reduced in branch elongation, increased in the branch radius, reduced in leaf length, and increased in leaf thickness. In addition, when a plant is exposed to wind for long time periods, the branch growth angle is changed to align more closely with the wind vector. The Growth-Flow method incorporates all these effects on growth and motion due to wind in one algorithm.
Electronic Structure Calculations of A2Ti2O7(A = Dy, Ho, and Y)
Authors: Xiao H. Y.
Published: September 2013

Ab initiocalculations have been performed on titanate pyrochlores A2Ti2O7(A = Dy, Ho, and Y) to investigate their electronic structures. The generalized gradient approximation (GGA) +Uformalism has been used to correct the strong onsite Coulomb repulsion between the localized 4f electrons. The effects of effectiveUvalues on the structural and electronic properties of A2Ti2O7(A = Dy, Ho, and Y) have been discussed. It is shown that Dy2Ti2O7and Ho2Ti2O7exhibit different electronic structures from Y2Ti2O7. The strong interaction between Dy and Ho 4f electrons and O 2p orbitals may increase the covalency of〈Dy–O〉and〈Ho–O〉bonds and decrease their irradiation resistance.
Evolution of Aerosol Particles in the Rainfall Process via Method of Moments
Authors: Yuan Fangyang , Gan Fujun
Published: September 2013

The method of moments is employed to predict the evolution of aerosol particles in the rainfall process. To describe the dynamic properties of particle size distribution, the population balance equation is converted to moment equations by the method of moments and the converted equations are solved numerically. The variations of particle number concentration, geometric mean diameter, and geometric standard deviation are given in the cases that the Brownian diffusion and inertial impaction of particles dominate, respectively. The effects of raindrop size distribution on particle size distribution are analyzed in nine cases. The results show that the particle number concentration decreases as time goes by, and particles dominated by Brownian diffusion are removed more significantly. The particle number concentration decreases much more rapidly when particle geometric mean diameter is smaller, and the particle size distribution tends to be monodisperse. For the same water content, the raindrops with small geometric mean diameters can remove particles with much higher efficiency than those with large geometric mean diameters. Particles in the “Greenfield gap” are relatively difficult to scavenge, and a new method is needed to remove it from the air.
Levels of Circulating Microparticles in Lung Cancer Patients and Possible Prognostic Value
Authors: Tseng Chia-Cheng , Wang Chin-Chou , Chang Huang-Chih , Tsai Tzu-Hsien , Chang Li-Teh , Huang Kuo-Tung , Leu Steve , Yen Chia-Hung , Liu Shih-Feng , Chen Chih-Hung , Yang Cheng-Ta , Yip Hon-Kan , Lin Meng-Chih
Published: September 2013

Background. Endothelial-derived microparticles (EDMPs) and platelet-derived microparticles (PDMPs) have been reported to be increasing in various diseases including malignant diseases. Here, we investigated whether these MPs may be useful biomarkers for predicting lung cancer (LC) disease status, cell type, or metastasis.Methods and Results. One hundred and thirty LC patients were prospectively enrolled into the study between April 2011 and February 2012. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the circulating levels of platelet-derived activated MPs (PDAc-MPs), platelet-derived apoptotic MPs (PDAp-MPs), endothelial-derived activated MPs (EDAc-MPs), and endothelial-derived apoptotic MPs (EDAp-MPs) were significantly higher in LC patients than in 30 age- and gender-matched normal control subjects (allP<0.05). Additionally, circulating level of PDAc-MPs was significantly lower (P=0.031), whereas the circulating levels of the other three biomarkers did not differ (allP>0.1) in early stage versus late stage LC patients. Furthermore, the circulating levels of the four types of MPs did not differ among patients with different disease statuses (i.e., disease controlled, disease progression, and disease without treatment, i.e., fresh case) (allP>0.2) or between patients with or without LC metastasis (allP>0.5). Moreover, only the circulating level of EDAp-MPs was significantly associated with the different cell types (i.e., squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma) of LC (P=0.045).Conclusion. Circulating MP levels are significantly increased in LC patients as compared with normal subjects. Among the MPs, only an increased level of EDAp-MPs was significantly associated with different LC cell types.
Blood Cell Profile of the Developing Tadpoles and Adults of the Ornate Frog,Microhyla ornata(Anura: Microhylidae)
Authors: Hota Jutshina , Das Madhusmita , Mahapatra Pravati Kumari
Published: September 2013

Metamorphosis happens to be an important event in the lifetime of amphibians. Our study offers a record of blood cell profile of laboratory reared tadpoles during development and metamorphosis (Gosner stage 26 to 46) and adults ofMicrohyla ornata. The larval erythrocytes were observed to be circular, oval, and elliptical in shape. However, other variations were distinct during the prometamorphic and metamorphic stages. Crenulated erythrocytes showed a pattern of appearance, and the crenulations varied from minute serrations to highly spiked projections. Correlations between the morphometric values of erythrocytes during the larval development were also determined. The leukocyte profile of the tadpoles showed a high percentage of lymphocytes during larval development while the percentage of monocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils remained high during metamorphosis and were positively correlated with the developing stages. Blood thrombocytes of the tadpoles were small and were found in clusters. Elliptical erythrocytes were the most common in the adult frogs. However, few erythrocytes were also circular in shape. In adults, the percentage of lymphocytes was found to be more in comparison with the other leucocytes, and neutrophils showed various polymorphic forms. Thrombocytes were nucleated and spindle shaped.
Bilateral Renal Mass-Renal Disorder: Tuberculosis
Authors: Tiryaki Ozlem , Usalan Celalettin , Alkan Samet
Published: September 2013

A 30-year-old woman has presented complaining of weakness and fatigue to her primary care physician. The renal sonography is a routine step in the evaluation of new onset renal failure. When the renal masses have been discovered by sonography in this setting, the functional imaging may be critical. We reported a case about bilateral renal masses in a young female patient with tuberculosis and renal insufficiency. Magnetic resonance (MR) has revealed the bilateral renal masses in patient, and this patient has been referred to our hospital for further management. The patient’s past medical and surgical history was unremarkable.
The Telegraph Equation and Its Solution by Reduced Differential Transform Method
Authors: Srivastava Vineet K. , Awasthi Mukesh K. , Chaurasia R. K. , Tamsir M.
Published: September 2013

One-dimensional second-order hyperbolic telegraph equation was formulated using Ohm’s law and solved by a recent and reliable semianalytic method, namely, the reduced differential transform method (RDTM). Using this method, it is possible to find the exact solution or a closed approximate solution of a differential equation. Three numerical examples have been carried out in order to check the effectiveness, the accuracy, and convergence of the method. The RDTM is a powerful mathematical technique for solving wide range of problems arising in science and engineering fields.
The Unique Maximal GF‐Regular Submodule of a Module
Authors: Abduldaim Areej M. , Chen Sheng
Published: September 2013

An R‐module A is called GF‐regular if, for each a ∈ A and r ∈ R, there exist t ∈ R and a positive integer n such that rntrna = rna. We proved that each unitary R‐module A contains a unique maximal GF‐regular submodule, which we denoted by MGF(A). Furthermore, the radical properties of A are investigated; we proved that if A is an R‐module and K is a submodule of A, then MGF(K) = K∩MGF(A). Moreover, if A is projective, then MGF(A) is a G‐pure submodule of A and MGF(A) = M(R) · A.
On a Kind of Dirichlet Character Sums
Authors: Ma Rong , Zhang Yulong , Zhang Guohe
Published: September 2013

Letp≥3be a prime and letχdenote the Dirichlet character modulop. For any primeqwithq<p, define the setEq,p=a∣1≤a,a-≤p,aa-≡1modp  and  a≡a-modq. In this paper, we study a kind of mean value of Dirichlet character sums∑a≤p  a∈Eq,pχ(a), and use the properties of the DirichletL-functions and generalized Kloosterman sums to obtain an interesting estimate.
An Experimental Approach for Selecting Appropriate Rodent Diets for Research Studies on Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Sasidharan Suja Rani , Joseph Joshua Allan , Anandakumar Senthilkumar , Venkatesan Vijayabalaji , Ariyattu Madhavan Chandrasekharan Nair , Agarwal Amit
Published: September 2013

Diverse high energy diets have been utilized to precipitate obesity and related metabolic disorders in rodent models, though the dietary intervention has not absolutely been standardized. The present study established usage of a customized semipurified normal control diet (NCD) and high fat diet (HFD), for research studies on diet-induced metabolic disorders in albino rats. Male Wistar rats were fed with normal pellet diet (NPD) or customized NCDs I, II, III or HFDs I, II, III for 12 weeks and parameters, namely, body weight, visceral adiposity, serum triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucose were evaluated to select an appropriate NCD and HFD. The selected HFD was further evaluated for induction of fatty liver, whilst type 2 diabetes (T2D) induction was confirmed in HFD and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes model in Wistar rats. Amongst different diets tested, NCD-I and HFD-I were selected, since NCD-I exhibited close resemblance to NPD, whereas HFD-I induced metabolic alterations, particularly obesity and dyslipidemia consistently. Moreover, HFD-I elevated terminal hepatic lipids, while HFD-I/STZ treatment augmented insulin resistance index and serum glucose levels significantly indicating effective induction of fatty liver and T2D, respectively. Therefore, customized semipurified NCD-I and HFD-I can be recommended for research studies on diet-induced metabolic disorders in albino Wistar rats.
Phylogenetic, Expression, and Bioinformatic Analysis of the ABC1 Gene Family in Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Wang Zhanchao , Zhang Haizhen , Yang Jingli , Chen Yunlin , Xu Xuemei , Mao Xuliang , Li Chenghao
Published: September 2013

We studied 17 ABC1 genes in Populus trichocarpa, all of which contained an ABC1 domain consisting of about 120 amino acid residues. Most of the ABC1 gene products were located in the mitochondria or chloroplasts. All had a conserved VAVK‐like motif and a DFG motif. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the genes into three subgroups. In addition, the chromosomal locations of the genes on the 19 Populus chromosomes were determined. Gene structure was studied through exon/intron organization and the MEME motif finder, while heatmap was used to study the expression diversity using EST libraries. According to the heatmap, PtrABC1P14 was highlighted because of the high expression in tension wood which related to secondary cell wall formation and cellulose synthesis, thus making a contribution to follow‐up experiment in wood formation. Promoter cis‐element analysis indicated that almost all of the ABC1 genes contained one or two cis‐elements related to ABA signal transduction pathway and drought stress. Quantitative real‐time PCR was carried out to evaluate the expression of all of the genes under abiotic stress conditions (ABA, CdCl2, high temperature, high salinity, and drought); the results showed that some of the genes were affected by these stresses and confirmed the results of promoter cis‐element analysis.
Existence Results for Fractional Differential Equations with Separated Boundary Conditions and Fractional Impulsive Conditions
Authors: Fu Xi , Liu Xiaoyou
Published: September 2013

This paper is concerned with the fractional separated boundary value problem of fractional differential equations with fractional impulsive conditions. By means of the Schaefer fixed point theorem, Banach fixed point theorem, and nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder type, some existence results are obtained. Examples are given to illustrate the results.
Comparative Study on the Synergistic Action of Garlic Synthesized and Citrate Capped Silver Nanoparticles with β-Penem Antibiotics
Authors: Hari Neethu , Thomas Tincy K. , Nair A. Jayakumaran
Published: September 2013

Resistance to antimicrobial agents by pathogenic bacteria has emerged in recent years and is a major challenge for the health care industry. For developing a cheap broad-active agent that can be applicable against different pathogens, it is necessary to develop an alternative source for normal antibacterial agents. This paper mainly focuses on the combined action of green as well as citrate synthesized silver nanoparticles and β-penem antibiotics, which are β-lactam antibiotics with penem rings. These silver nanoparticles synergistic potential helps in the enhancement of antibacterial activity of broad spectrum antibiotics. The synergistic actions of citrate capped silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were compared with that of garlic (Allium sativum) synthesized silver nanoparticles together with action of antibiotics, ampicillin and amoxyclav, and some of the pathogenic organisms showed an increase in the action of antibiotics.