bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UM PRANTO UTÓPICO: TRAVESSIAS DE UM INFANTIL ALIENANTE
Authors: Medeiros Marcos Pippi de , Sousa Edson Luiz André de
Published: October 2021

Através deste ensaio, procuramos discutir a noção de “infantil”, abordando tanto sua constituição, como sua alienação fundante enquanto consciência ou interioridade. A leitura do livro “História do Pranto”, de Alan Pauls, serviu como  dispositivo a partir do qual procuramos analisar os mecanismos anestésicos da experiência no contemporâneo, em que essa dimensão do infantil está “forcluída”, como também, suas possíveis consequências para nossa inclinação ao sonho utópico, o deixando a mercê de aderências ou colagens com esses ideais anestésicos, mas também, apostando no infantil que desde as formulações freudianas, se apresenta como fator de resistência, através da potência poética que constitui sua utopia.  Palavras-Chave: Infantil, alienação, contemporâneo, utopia, psicanálise.
ENTRE PRÍAPO E DIONISO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A MASCULINIDADE
Authors: Oliveira Luciano Lima , Fontenele Laéria
Published: October 2021

No caminho até a masculinidade o menino deve ultrapassar a posição feminina em relação ao pai, que implica a castração como premissa. O recalque dessa posição desejante retorna na cultura pelo ódio às mulheres e a todo sujeito suposto encarnar o feminino. O avanço deste último na cultura, junto com o declínio dos referentes patriarcais constituem para os homens uma ameaça à masculinidade. Um dilema se insinua: recorrer a Príapo, deus itifálico, ou aproximar-se de Dioniso, isto é, do feminino. Este artigo discute essas duas posições à luz da psicanálise e do teatro grego, sobretudo da figura de Héracles, herói símbolo da hipermasculinidade         Palavras-Chave: Psicanálise; Masculinidade; Feminilidade; Príapus; Dionísio.
FEMINILIDADE E MODERNIDADE EM FREUD: UMA LEITURA CRÍTICA
Authors: Nolli Marceli Ricardo
Published: October 2021

Trata-se neste artigo de discutir a relação entre modernidade e feminilidade, a partir de Freud. O objetivo reside em delimitar a psicanálise como uma teoria e uma prática clínica que surgem propriamente devido às estruturas sociais da modernidade, tendo como uma de suas pedras fundantes a sexualidade feminina. Lança-se mão, para isso, de W. Benjamin, no campo da Teoria Crítica, e de Flaubert, Klimt e Baudelaire, no campo da produção estética. De cunho interpretativo-hermenêutico, busca-se estabelecer uma leitura crítica entre os textos de Freud e sua época, de modo a tentar compreender como sua teoria é produto de seu tempo, ao passo que também está à frente dele, produzindo novas formas de compreensão sobre a subjetividade moderna.
TUDO MUDA: UMA LEITURA DO CONTÁGIO PELA LINGUAGEM NO FILME "PONTYPOOL" ATRAVÉS DA CONCEPÇÃO FREUDIANA SOBRE AS AFASIAS
Authors: Miasato Felipe Akira
Published: October 2021

Na busca tradicional pela articulação entre cinema e psicanálise, o filme Pontypool é utilizado neste ensaio teórico como interlocutor entre a monografia de Freud sobre a concepção das afasias, de 1891, e a epidemia causada por uma infecção disseminada através da linguagem, ilustrada pelo filme. As ideias de Freud sobre os distúrbios da linguagem, especialmente sobre sua construção do aparelho de linguagem (Sprachapparat), são utilizadas para refletir e interpretar sobre o possível mecanismo pelo qual se dá a infecção fictícia que atinge os moradores de Pontypool. O contágio pela palavra, através de uma involução do aparelho de linguagem que anula sua função de significação, bem como a possível cura pela palavra, nos remetem à uma relação íntima com a psicanálise, ao resgatar um texto freudiano por  vezes esquecido.
REVISTA COMPLETA - Ano 18. Número 02: Edição dezembro de 2020
Authors: Souza Joana , Maurano Denise
Published: October 2021

Estamos fechando esse ano, totalmente atípico, com a sensação de termos saído de uma grande batalha, de uma guerra que ainda resta vencer. Sairemos desse ano, mas certamente ele não sairá de nós. A publicação desta edição, testemunha o esforço de tantas pessoas que fizeram da escrita, um meio para atravessar esse momento turbulento que vivemos. Não tem sido fácil, mas quem disse que seria? Vida é insistência, é teimosia pura! Diante de tantas percas, vamos juntando o que resta e ver o que é possível criar. Foi com esse espírito que fechamos esta edição, que conta com artigos interessantíssimos.
O JONGO: VOZ, RITMO, MEMÓRIA E TRANSMISSÃO
Authors: Avril Renata Mattos
Published: October 2021

O jongo, como manifestação cultural, social e artística, apresenta-se como um espaço vivo e contínuo de (re)criação da representação identitária da cultura afro-brasileira, transmitindo em sua prática uma história de resistência e inscrição de alteridade que se atualiza no estabelecimentos de laços sociais. Nestes laços, abre-se, pela via estética – que pode ser lida como uma via política – a possibilidade de convivência das diferenças e de releituras e transformações daquilo que é transmitido. O jongo pode, assim, ser tomado como ponto de criação de um novo em torno da memória social e do objeto voz.
EDITORIAL - A ESCRITA QUE NOS SALVA
Authors: Maurano Denise , Souza Joana , AVRIL RENATA MATTOS , Lopes André Luis
Published: October 2021

A publicação desta edição, testemunha o esforço de tantas pessoas que fizeram da escrita, um meio para atravessar esse momento turbulento que vivemos. Não tem sido fácil, mas quem disse que seria? Vida é insistência, é teimosia pura! Diante de tantas percas, vamos juntando o que resta e ver o que é possível criar. Foi com esse espírito que fechamos esta edição, que conta com artigos interessantíssimos.
Buckling Behaviors at the Interface of Liquid–Solid Systems
Authors: Meng Yancheng , Hu Cong , Li Luxian , Long Yuyang , Yin Jun , Zhou Jianxin , Guo Wanlin
Published: October 2021

Buckling patterns are universal in organs of living organisms. Moreover, the functional realization of these organs is precisely dependent on the deformation of buckling structures, which is also related to the effect of interfacial interaction between liquid and solid surfaces. However, the detection of synergistic reaction between the buckling pattern and the effect of liquid–solid interface is absent. Herein, an experimental simulation of buckling behaviors at the solid–liquid interface, that is, by depositing Au atoms on liquid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is developed. Buckling patterns can be directly created at the interface of Au atoms film and liquid PDMS. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the orientation of buckling structures can be strictly controlled depending on the frame edges placed on the surface of the liquid PDMS before the deposition. Various ordered buckling patterns, such as parallel wrinkles pattern, magnetic‐field‐lines‐like buckling pattern, and bionic patterns, can be prepared depending on this buckling behavior. The experimental simulation of the buckling behavior at the liquid–solid interface is well promoted, which may be further helpful in understanding the effect of interfacial interaction between liquid and solid surfaces.
Cross‐Linked Poly‐4‐Acrylomorpholine: A Flexible and Reversibly Compressible Aligning Gel for Anisotropic NMR Analysis of Peptides and Small Molecules in Water
Authors: Farley Kathleen A. , Koos Martin R. M. , Che Ye , Horst Reto , Limberakis Chris , Bellenger Justin , Lira Ricardo , Gil‐Silva Leandro F. , Gil Roberto R.
Published: October 2021

Determination of the solution conformation of both small organic molecules and peptides in water remains a substantial hurdle in using NMR solution conformations to guide drug design due to the lack of easy to use alignment media. Herein we report the design of a flexible compressible chemically cross‐linked poly‐4‐acrylomorpholine gel that can be used for the alignment of both small molecules and cyclic peptides in water. To test the new gel, residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) and J‐coupling constants were used in the configurational analysis of strychnine hydrochloride, a molecule that has been studied extensively in organic solvents as well as a small cyclic peptide that is known to form an α‐helix in water. The conformational ensembles for each molecule with the best fit to the data are reported. Identification of minor conformers in water that cannot easily be determined by conventional NOE measurements will facilitate the use of RDC experiments in structure‐based drug design.
Stereochemical Control via Chirality Pairing: Stereodivergent Syntheses of Enantioenriched Homoallylic Alcohols
Authors: Gao Shang , Duan Meng , Liu Jiaming , Yu Peiyuan , Houk Kendall N. , Chen Ming
Published: October 2021

We report herein the development of stereodivergent syntheses of enantioenriched homoallylic alcohols using chiral nonracemic α‐CH2Bpin‐substituted crotylboronate. Chiral phosphoric acid (S)‐A‐catalyzed asymmetric allyl addition with the reagent gave Z‐anti‐homoallylic alcohols with excellent enantioselectivities and Z‐selectivities. When the enantiomeric acid catalyst (R)‐A was utilized, the stereoselectivity was completely reversed and E‐anti‐homoallylic alcohols were obtained with high E‐selectivities and excellent enantioselectivities. By pairing the chirality of the boron reagent with the catalyst, two complementary stereoisomers of chiral homoallylic alcohols can be obtained selectively from the same boron reagent. DFT computational studies were conducted to probe the origins of the observed stereoselectivity. These reactions generate highly enantioenriched homoallylic alcohol products that are valuable for rapid construction of polyketide structural frameworks.
Possible points of compression of the ulnar nerve: Tricks and traps that await clinicians from an anatomical point of view
Authors: Węgiel Andrzej , Zielinska Nicol , Tubbs Richard Shane , Olewnik Łukasz
Published: October 2021

The ulnar nerve can be subject to numerous types of compression. The most common are cubital tunnel and ulnar tunnel syndromes, but there are many others with more uncommon etiologies. The existence of additional communicating branches, median nerve involvement, various types of injuries, and unusual anatomical variations can be a challenge for both diagnosis and treatment. This review presents a comprehensive depiction of ulnar nerve entrapment syndromes with particular reference to their anatomical background, risk factors, and clinical evaluation. Even common disorders can result from atypical morphological changes. It is important to be familiar with them as it is a key ability in daily medical practice.
A Radical Addition/Cyclization and Se‐Group Transfer Strategy for the Facile Synthesis of Se‐Containing Cyclopentenes under Metal‐Free and Peroxide‐Free Conditions
Authors: Wang Dian‐Liang , Jiang Nan‐Quan , Cai Zhong‐Jian , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: October 2021

A novel intermolecular radical addition/cyclization and Se‐group transfer reaction of terminal alkynes and unsaturated alkyl selenide is presented which offers a straightforward and facile approach for the synthesis of valuable Se‐containing cyclopentenes. Remarkable features of this strategy include easily accessible starting materials, metal‐free and peroxide‐free conditions, high atom economy, simple operation and broad substrate scope. More importantly, the reaction is easy to scale up and can be extended to the construction of six‐membered carbon ring.
The Chemical Bond: When Atom Size Instead of Electronegativity Difference Determines Trend in Bond Strength
Authors: Blokker Eva , Sun Xiaobo , Poater Jordi , van der Schuur J. Martijn , Hamlin Trevor A. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias
Published: October 2021

We have quantum chemically analyzed element−element bonds of archetypal HnX−YHnmolecules (X, Y=C, N, O, F, Si, P, S, Cl, Br, I), using density functional theory. One purpose is to obtain a set of consistent homolytic bond dissociation energies (BDE) for establishing accurate trends across the periodic table. The main objective is to elucidate the underlying physical factors behind these chemical bonding trends. On one hand, we confirm that, along a period (e. g., from C−C to C−F), bonds strengthen because the electronegativity difference across the bond increases. But, down a period, our findings constitute a paradigm shift. From C−F to C−I, for example, bonds do become weaker, however, not because of the decreasing electronegativity difference. Instead, we show that the effective atom size (via steric Pauli repulsion) is the causal factor behind bond weakening in this series, and behind the weakening in orbital interactions at the equilibrium distance. We discuss the actual bonding mechanism and the importance of analyzing this mechanism as a function of the bond distance.
Chiral separation materials based on derivatives of 6‐amino‐6‐deoxyamylose
Authors: Gao Ya‐Ya , Zhang Yu‐Hang , Zhang Shan , Chen Wei , Bai Zheng‐Wu
Published: October 2021

In order to develop new type of chiral separation materials, in this study, 6‐amino‐6‐deoxyamylose was used as chiral starting material with which 10 derivatives were synthesized. The amino group in 6‐amino‐6‐deoxyamylose was selectively acylated and then the hydroxyl groups were carbamoylated yielding amylose 6‐amido‐6‐deoxy‐2,3‐bis(phenylcarbamate)s, which were employed as chiral selectors (CSs) for chiral stationary phases of high‐performance liquid chromatography. The resulted 6‐amido‐6‐deoxyamyloses and amylose 6‐amido‐6‐deoxy‐2,3‐bis(phenylcarbamate)s were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. Enantioseparation evaluations indicated that most of the CSs demonstrated a moderate chiral recognition capability. The 6‐nonphenyl (6‐nonPh) CS of amylose 6‐cyclohexylformamido‐6‐deoxy‐2,3‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) showed the highest enantioselectivity towards the tested chiral analytes; the phenyl‐heterogeneous (Ph‐hetero) CS of amylose 6‐(4‐methylbenzamido)‐6‐deoxy‐2,3‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) baseline separated the most chiral analytes; the phenyl‐homogeneous (Ph‐homo) CS of amylose 6‐(3,5‐dimethylbenzamido)‐6‐deoxy‐2,3‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) also exhibited a good enantioseparation capability among the developed CSs. Regarding Ph‐hetero CSs, the enantioselectivity depended on the combination of the substituent at 6‐position and that at 2‐ and 3‐positions; as for Ph‐homo CSs, the enantioselectivity was related to the substituent at 2‐, 3‐, and 6‐positions; with respect to 6‐nonPh CSs, the retention factor of most analytes on the corresponding CSPs was lower than that on Ph‐hetero and Ph‐homo CSPs in the same mobile phases, indicating π–π interactions did occur during enantioseparation. Although the substituent at 6‐position could not provide π–π interactions, the 6‐nonPh CSs demonstrated an equivalent or even higher enantioselectivity compared with the Ph‐homo and Ph‐hetero CSs.
Clinician's commentary: Atypical peritoneal cytology in ovarian and endometrial cancers
Authors: Beavis Anna L.
Published: October 2021

Peritoneal cytology results play an important role in staging, prognostication, and treatment recommendations in early‐stage ovarian cancer. In endometrial cancer, while no longer part of staging criteria, peritoneal cytology results can influence patient‐provider shared‐decision making regarding adjuvant therapy choices after definitive surgery. We explore two cases demonstrating the impact uncertain cytology can have on patients and providers in these two gynecologic cancers.
IL2‐inducible T‐cell kinase inhibitor ibrutinib reduces symptoms and Th2 differentiation in mouse allergic‐rhinitis model
Authors: Xu Bing , Liu Xiaozhe , Gao Shihao
Published: October 2021

Th2 and Th17 immune response contribute to allergic rhinitis (AR) development. Targeting Th2 and Th17 response has been shown to ameliorate AR. Ibrutinib is an inhibitor for IL2‐inducible T‐cell kinase, which can promote Th2 and Th17 immune response. We sought to investigate the effect of ibrutinib on AR and the underlying mechanisms. We established house dust mite‐induced AR mouse model and treated AR mice with ibrutinib. The symptoms of AR, serum level of immunoglobulin E, percentage of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg in nasal lymphoid tissues were monitored. We also established in vitro T cell differentiation cell culture model. The T cells were treated with ibrutinib and the expression of specific transcriptional factors and cytokines was measured. The activation of PLC‐γ1/calcium/NFAT2 signaling pathway was detected. Ibrutinib treatment had no effects on the development of lymphocytes and myeloid cells, but alleviated AR symptoms and decreased Th2 cell population in nasal lymphoid tissue. Meanwhile, iburitnib suppressed Th2 and Th17 differentiation in vitro. Moreover, iburitnib prevented phosphorylation of PLC‐γ1and nuclear translocation of NFAT2 in Th2 cells. Our results suggested that ibrutinib could ameliorate AR symptoms through suppression of Th2 differentiation in AR mouse model.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Zhang Yang , Sigrist Michel , Dydio Paweł
Published: October 2021

Hydroformylation of alkenes and alkynes with syngas represents a method of choice to furnish valuable aldehydes with the 100 % atom‐economy from readily available building blocks. The field is dominated by Rh‐ and Co‐catalysis; however, complexes of many other metals were also shown to be catalytically competent. Here we review the studies of hydroformylation under Pd‐catalysis, starting from the seminal reports up to the most recent examples. Special emphasis is paid to the unique regio‐ and chemoselectivities of Pd‐based methods, which are difficult to achieve with the conventional hydroformylation protocols. Different mechanistic proposals are presented along with a summary of their experimental and computational support. Finally, the user‐friendly methods using surrogates of syngas are discussed as well. Overall, the Minireview aims to present unique opportunities and remaining challenges of Pd‐catalyzed hydroformylation reactions for their prospective applications in fine‐chemical synthesis.
The effect of serial day on the measurement of positivity and emotional complexity in diary studies
Authors: Ganzach Yoav , Bulmash Ben
Published: October 2021

We study the effects of a diary's serial day (the number of days from the beginning of the study) on participants’ (n = 2022) reports about positive and negative affect (NA). We find that (1) the number of reported positive events and the number of reported negative events decrease with serial day; (2) positivity increases with serial day: Reported Positive Affect (PA) increases, and reported NA decreases; (3) emotional complexity—the tendency to differentiate between various types of emotions—decreases with serial day, both within and between affective dimensions. We attribute these effects to decrease in the effort exerted by participants in answering the diary questions, and suggest that these effects are consistent with the distinction between experienced and reported emotions and with a heuristic and biases perspective in which when effort decreases reported emotions regress to an easier‐to‐generate default response.
Characterization of (paleo)lacustrine landforms using sedimentological and portable OSL investigations at Schweriner See, north‐eastern Germany
Authors: Adolph Marie‐Luise , Lampe Reinhard , Lorenz Sebastian , Haberzettl Torsten
Published: October 2021

We investigated four subaerial (paleo)lacustrine landforms at the north‐eastern shoreline of Schweriner See, north‐eastern Germany. These included two beach ridges, one subaerial nearshore bar and a silting up sequence located close to a fossil cliff, which marks the former maximum extent of Schweriner See. We used luminescence profiling with a SUERC portable OSL device (POSL) on all four sediment sequences in combination with sedimentological investigations such as grain size, loss‐on‐ignition and magnetic susceptibility to provide information on the various formations in a lacustrine depositional environment. The POSL reader was used on pre‐treated polymineral samples to gain an insight into luminescence distribution within the individual sediment sequences, but also among the four sequences. POSL proved valuable to understand depositional processes, which were not visible in lithology or sedimentological parameters. With somewhat larger uncertainty this method provides relative chronologies of the sediment sequences. Additionally, we carried out radiocarbon dating and full optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to establish a chronological framework. OSL ages proved to be more reliable to date beach ridges in this setting than radiocarbon samples, which were severely influenced by sediment reworking. This combined approach of sedimentological analyses, luminescence profiling and absolute age determinations revealed details in depositional processes at Schweriner See which otherwise would have remained undetected. Furthermore, it helped to set these subaerial (paleo)lacustrine landforms in a chronological framework.
Evolutionary trend of Cenomanian alveolinids from Zagros Basin,SWof Iran
Authors: Dousti Mohajer Mahtab , Afghah Massih , Dehghanian Mohammadsadegh , Abyat Ahmad
Published: October 2021

The alveolinids were once highly widespread in the Cenomanian of the Tethys Basin. Even though evolutionary studies have, thus far, been conducted using material from many countries e.g. Spain, Oman, and the UAE, the Zagros region in SW Iran has not been studied yet. Two sections of the Sarvak Formation in the Pyun and Kuh‐e‐Zana areas were investigated. Five type levels can be identified in the Pyun section. The evolutionary trend begins with praealveolinids followed by ovalveolinids in the Early Cenomanian. Cisalveolinids firstly appear in the Late Cenomanian strata and thenMultispirinais derived. ThenSimplalveolina simplexappears, which is derived fromMultispirina iranensis. At the Kuh‐e Zana section, the evolutionary trend was observed in three levels. There is no ideal evolutionary trend becauseMultispirinaandSimplalveolinaare absent in this section. The identified trends are similar to those of the Iberian Ranges in Spain.
Striatal networks for tinnitus treatment targeting
Authors: Hinkley Leighton B. N. , Larson Paul S. , Henderson Sabes Jennifer , Mizuiri Danielle , Demopoulos Carly , Adams Meredith E. , Neylan Thomas C. , Hess Christopher P. , Nagarajan Srikantan S. , Cheung Steven W.
Published: October 2021

Neuromodulation treatment effect size for bothersome tinnitus may be larger and more predictable by adopting a target selection approach guided by personalized striatal networks or functional connectivity maps. Several corticostriatal mechanisms are likely to play a role in tinnitus, including the dorsal/ventral striatum and the putamen. We examined whether significant tinnitus treatment response by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the caudate nucleus may be related to striatal network increased functional connectivity with tinnitus networks that involve the auditory cortex or ventral cerebellum. The first study was a cross‐sectional 2‐by‐2 factorial design (tinnitus, no tinnitus; hearing loss, normal hearing, n = 68) to define cohort level abnormal functional connectivity maps using high‐field 7.0 T resting‐state fMRI. The second study was a pilot case–control series (n = 2) to examine whether tinnitus modulation response to caudate tail subdivision stimulation would be contingent on individual level striatal connectivity map relationships with tinnitus networks. Resting‐state fMRI identified five caudate subdivisions with abnormal cohort level functional connectivity maps. Of those, two connectivity maps exhibited increased connectivity with tinnitus networks—dorsal caudate head with Heschl's gyrus and caudate tail with the ventral cerebellum. DBS of the caudate tail in the case‐series responder resulted in dramatic reductions in tinnitus severity and loudness, in contrast to the nonresponder who showed no tinnitus modulation. The individual level connectivity map of the responder was in alignment with the cohort expectation connectivity map, where the caudate tail exhibited increased connectivity with tinnitus networks, whereas the nonresponder individual level connectivity map did not.
Thermally dissipative micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow over a spinning needle influenced by Hall current and gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Khan Arshad , Hassan Bahzad , Ashraf Ehsan E. , Shah Syed Yasir Ali
Published: October 2021

At industrial level, the study of nanofluid has a significant role in improving various electrical structures and engineering devices because nanofluid has incredible proficiencies and applications, such as cooling of microelectronic and biomedical devices, vehicles, power generation centers, and so forth. By taking into account such remarkable characteristics of nanofluids, the main focus of this study is to investigate and improve mass and thermal flow for micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow upon a spinning needle. The flow is also exposed to the influence of chemical reaction, Hall current, and viscous dissipation in the presence of the gyrotactic microorganism. The equations that governed the flow system have been solved by the homotopy analysis method. It has been highlighted in this investigation that flow reduces with augmentation in magnetic, material parameters, and nanoparticles volumetric fraction while the thermal profiles have supported this phenomenon. Concentration profiles decline with augmentation in Lewis number, thermophoresis, and chemical reaction parameters. Moreover, motile microorganism opposes by higher values of bioconvection and Lewis numbers.
Associations of Dietary Intakes of Calcium, Magnesium, and Soy Isoflavones With Bone Fracture Risk in Men: A Prospective Study
Authors: Cui Yong , Cai Hui , Zheng Wei , Shu Xiao‐Ou
Published: October 2021

The role of dietary factors in osteoporotic fractures in men is underinvestigated. We examined the associations of dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, and soy isoflavones with risk of osteoporotic fractures in the Shanghai Men's Health Study. Included in this prospective study were 61,025 men aged 40 to 74 years at study enrollment (2002–2006). The cohort was followed up via in‐person surveys for occurrence of bone fractures, major diseases, and survival status. Multivariable Cox regression was applied to evaluate the associations of variables under study (ie, dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, and soy isoflavones) with incidence of osteoporotic and non‐osteoporotic fractures, measured by hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). During a median follow‐up of 9.5 years, 1.2% and 3.4% of participants experienced osteoporotic or non‐osteoporotic fractures, respectively. Dietary calcium intake was inversely associated with risk of osteoporotic fractures with adjusted HRs of 0.78 (95% CI 0.60–1.02) and 0.27 (95% CI 0.13–0.56), respectively, for intake levels of 401 mg/d and >1000 mg/d versus ≤400 mg/d. Higher magnesium intake was associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures after adjusting for dietary calcium intake, with HRs of 1.27 (95% CI 0.97–1.66) and 2.21 (95% CI 1.08–4.50), respectively, for intakes of 251 mg/d and >450 mg/d versus intake ≤250 mg/d. High soy isoflavone intake was associated with a 25% reduction of osteoporotic fracture risk (HR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.56–0.97 for soy isoflavone intake >45.2 mg/d versus <21.7 mg/d). Dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, or soy isoflavones were unrelated to the risk of non‐osteoporotic fractures. Our study added to the evidence that dietary calcium intake was inversely associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic fractures in a dose–response fashion, while high magnesium intake was associated with an increased risk. Our study also revealed a novel association between higher soy isoflavone consumption and osteoporotic fractures in men. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Enzyme‐assisted bioremediation approach for synthetic dyes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation
Authors: Ahsan Zainab , Kalsoom Umme , Bhatti Haq N. , Aftab Kiran , Khalid Nasira , Bilal Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Environmental protection from emerging pollutants has become a significant challenge for mankind as an increasing number of contaminants, including synthetic dyes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), represent a serious risk to ecological and environmental balance. Most synthetic dyes have complex aromatic structures and are resistant to degrade by classical approaches, such as physical and chemical processes, including adsorption, chemical coagulation, flocculation, ion exchange, membrane separation, froth flotation, and reverse osmosis. Enzymes‐assisted catalytic transformation of pollutants has become a potential alternative to classical methods because of their ability to react with complex compounds, a quick degradation rate, and producing less harmful by‐products. Plant peroxidases, and microbial laccase and lignin‐degrading peroxidases (manganese and lignin peroxidase) have gained significant attention for treating aromatic waste due to their capability of oxidizing and detoxifying a wide range of recalcitrant xenobiotics, including PAHs and synthetic dyes. Peroxidases being efficient biocatalysts detoxify an array of toxic compounds by simple free‐radical mechanism resulting in the formation of oxidized and depolymerized products of significantly reduced toxicity. Moreover, it is an ecofriendly and economically favorable approach towards the biodegradation of recalcitrant and toxic industrial waste. Among microbial and plant peroxidases, bacterial enzymes have broad substrate specificity and can transform a wide range of recalcitrant substrates. Ligninolytic enzymes oxidize the aromatic ring into quinones and acids by producing free hydroxyl radicals instead of dihydrodiols and mineralize aromatic hydrocarbon in combination with cytochrome P450, monooxygenases, and epoxide hydrolases. In the review, an attempt has been made to provide detailed knowledge about the availability of inexpensive peroxidases sources, their mechanism of action, and degradation potential. The present review summarizes the exploitation of peroxidases from plants, bacteria, and fungus (manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, and laccases) for detoxification and degradation of textile dyes as well as PAHs. Conclusively, peroxidases have great potential to react with almost all classes of synthetic dyes and most PAHs due to broad substrate specificity and transformed them into less harmful metabolites.
Anatomic study of the profunda artery perforators by multidetector CT scanner and clinical use of the banana‐shaped flap design for breast reconstruction
Authors: Zeltzer Assaf A. , Waked Karl , Brussaard Carola , Giunta Gabriele , De Baerdemaeker Randy , Hamdi Moustapha
Published: October 2021

Background

The profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap is a well‐known free flap for breast reconstruction. However, a reproducible perforator mapping system has yet to be developed.

Methods

The PAP perforators were localized by CTA using a novel X‐Y axis system. Flap dimensions were based on the CTA images and localized PAP‐perforators. Perioperative findings and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.

Results

A total of 70 lower limbs and 180 PAP perforators were evaluated. An average of 2.78 ± 1.22 and 2.22 ± 0.96 perforators were seen, in the right and left legs, respectively, and were divided in five clusters (PAP1–PAP5) based on their location on the Y‐axis. The course of the perforators was noted as well as the average diameter at the origin. The overall average diameter was 1.99 ± 0.86 mm. A banana‐shaped PAP‐flap was harvested in 10 patients. The mean operative time was 278 min, pedicle length 76 ± 12 mm, and mean flap weight 247 g. No major complications were seen.

Conclusion

The PAP flap can be mapped by CTA in a reproducible way. The X and Y axes are based on fixed anatomic landmarks and may form the basis for a banana‐shaped flap design of the PAP‐flap.
An Optimized Radiomics Model Based on Automated Breast Volume Scan Images to Identify Breast Lesions
Authors: Wang Hui , Yang Xinwu , Ma Sumei , Zhu Kongqiang , Guo Shunlin
Published: October 2021

Objectives

To develop and test an optimized radiomics model based on multi‐planar automated breast volume scan (ABVS) images to identify malignant and benign breast lesions.

Methods

Patients (n = 200) with breast lesions who underwent ABVS examinations were included. For each patient, 208 radiomics features were extracted from the ABVS images, including axial plane and coronal plane. Recursive feature elimination, random forest, and chi‐square test were used to select features. A support vector machine, logistic regression, and extreme gradient boosting were utilized as classifiers to differentiate malignant and benign breast lesions. The area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision was used to evaluate the performance of the radiomics models. Generalization of the radiomics models was verified through 5‐fold cross‐validation.

Results

For a single plane or a combination of planes, a combination of recursive feature elimination, and support vector machine yielded the best performance when identifying breast lesions. The machine learning models based on a combination of planes performed better than those based on a single plane. Regarding the axial plane and coronal plane, the machine learning model using a combination of recursive feature elimination and support vector machine yielded the optimal identification performance: average area under the curve (0.857 ± 0.058, 95% confidence interval, 0.763–0.957); the average values of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision were 87.9, 68.2, 80.7, and 82.9%, respectively.

Conclusions

The optimized radiomics model based on ABVS images can provide valuable information for identifying benign and malignant breast lesions preoperatively and guide the accurate clinical treatment. Further external validation is required.
One hundred years of Alfred Landé's g‐factor
Authors: Friedrich Bretislav , Meijer Gerard , Schmidt‐Böcking Horst , Gruber Gernot
Published: October 2021

Prompted by the centenary of Alfred Landé's g‐factor, we reconstruct Landé's path to his discovery of half‐integer angular momentum quantum numbers and of vector coupling of atomic angular momenta—both encapsulated in the g‐factor—as well as point to reverberations of Landé's breakthroughs in the work of other pioneers of quantum physics.
Probiotic lactobacilli in formulas and hygiene products for the health of the urogenital tract
Authors: Nader‐Macías María Elena Fátima , De Gregorio Priscilla Romina , Silva Jessica Alejandra
Published: October 2021

Lactobacilli are the predominant microorganisms of the healthy human vagina. A novel alternative for the prevention and treatment of female urogenital tract infections (UGTI) is the inclusion of these microorganisms as active pharmaceutical ingredients in probiotic formulas, and more recently in female hygienic products. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host.” A list of requirements must be considered during the development of probiotic product/formula for the female urogenital tract (UGT). This review aims to resume the requirements, probiotic characteristics, and clinical trial applied to determine the effect of probiotic and potentially probiotic strains on different woman’s physiological and pathological conditions, and in preterm birth prevention. A revision of female hygienic products available in the world market is included, together with novel studies applying nanotechnology for Lactobacillus incorporation in hygienic products. Further studies and well‐designed clinical trials are urgently required to complement the current knowledge and applications of probiotics in the female UGT. The use of probiotic formulas and products will improve and restore the ecological equilibrium of the UGT microbiome to prevent and treat UGTI in women under different conditions.
Statistical detection of synergy: New methods and a comparative study
Authors: Thas Olivier , Tourny Annelies , Verbist Bie , Hawinkel Stijn , Nazarov Maxim , Mutambanengwe Kathy , Bijnens Luc
Published: October 2021

Combination therapies are increasingly adopted as the standard of care for various diseases to improve treatment response, minimise the development of resistance and/or minimise adverse events. Therefore, synergistic combinations are screened early in the drug discovery process, in which their potential is evaluated by comparing the observed combination effect to that expected under a null model. Such methodology is implemented in the BIGL R‐package which allows for a quick screening of drug combinations. We extend the meanR and maxR tests from this package by allowing non‐constant variance of the responses and by extending the list of null models (Loewe, Loewe2, HSA, Bliss). These new tests are evaluated in a comprehensive simulation study under various models for additivity and synergy, various monotherapeutic dose–response models (complete, partial and incomplete responders) and various types of deviation from the constant variance assumption. In addition, the BIGL package is extended with bootstrap confidence intervals for the individual off‐axis points and for the overall synergy strength, which were demonstrated to have reliable coverage and can complement the existing tests. We conclude that the differences in performance between the different null models are small and depend on the simulation scenario. As a result, the choice of null model should be driven by expert knowledge on the particular problem. Finally, we demonstrate the new features of the BIGL package and the difference between the synergy models on a real dataset from drug discovery. The BIGL package is available at CRAN (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=BIGL) and as a Shiny app (https://synergy.openanalytics.eu/app).
Chemopreventive effect of spirulina microalgae on an animal model of glioblastoma via down‐regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and up‐regulation of miR‐34a/miR‐125B expression
Authors: Arab Samaneh , Ghasemi Sahar , Ghanbari Ali , Bahraminasab Marjan , Satari Atefeh , Mousavi Mahboubeh , Dehcheshme Hesamodin Ghasemi , Asgharzade Samira
Published: October 2021

Recent studies suggest that Spirulina may have great therapeutic benefits due to its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the chemopreventive properties of the Spirulina microalgae (Spi) on the regression and survival of tumor, histopathological features of glioblastoma, and detection of the molecular mechanism of Spi. Tumor viability versus Spi was determined using the MTT assay. In vivo antitumor activity of Spi was studied using the glioblastoma model. After tumor induction, the animals were euthanized, and their brains were removed. Histological evaluation was performed for tumor size and manifestation. The mechanisms of the anticancer effects of Spi were investigated by evaluating the microRNAs and their targets. The results demonstrated that Spi inhibited C6 and U87 cell proliferation and induced cell death. Histopathologic results showed that the administration of Spi could delay the development of tumors and prolonged the survival of tumor‐bearing animals. Furthermore, Spi significantly upregulated miR‐34a and miR‐125b that have a key role in the progression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This is the first in vivo report on the chemo‐preventive effect of Spi against glioblastoma, suggesting its potential use in the chemoprevention of this cancer and the antiglioma molecular mechanism of Spi.
One‐Step Fabrication of 2D/2D Z‐Scheme BiOCl/g‐C3N4 Nanosheets Heterojunction for Efficient Degradation of RhB and Cr(VI) Ions Reduction under Visible‐Light Illumination
Authors: Ma Hecheng , Liu Jianjun , Zuo Shengli , Yu Yingchun , Liu Wenqi , Wang Yimeng , Li Baoshan
Published: October 2021

To promote the utilization efficiency of solar energy, a one‐step strategy to fabricate 2D/2D Z‐scheme BiOCl/g‐C3N4 nanosheets (BiOCl/CNs) heterojunction through the in‐situ growth of BiOCl on CNs was studied. Here, we report that ultrathin CNs with wrinkled surface are prepared by a rapid cooling method. The wrinkled surface of CNs provided more active sites for BiOCl to anchor on it thus facilitating the formation of the tight heterojunction structure via a solvothermal process. The as‐prepared BiOCl/CNs hybrid photocatalysts was confirmed by various physicochemical characterizations. The results showed the uniform distribution of BiOCl nanoflakes on g‐C3N4 nanosheets and formation of 2D/2D Z‐scheme heterojunction structure. The as‐prepared BiOCl/CNs‐5 photocatalyst displays extraordinarily photocatalytic activity for the photocatalytic degradation of RhB and Cr(VI) reduction under visible light irradiation, about 94 % RhB and 93 % Cr(VI) was degraded in 100 min. The remarkable photocatalytic properties were attributed to the Z‐scheme hierarchical structure, large specific surface and efficient charge carrier separation. Furthermore, the Z‐scheme photocatalytic reaction mechanism was presented to elucidate the improved photocatalytic activity of BiOCl/CNs photocatalyst. The photodegradation of phenol and radical species trapping experiments were conducted to prove the formation of Z‐scheme. This work provides a facile route for the construction of g‐C3N4 based Z‐scheme structure photocatalyst for efficient visible light photocatalytic performance.
Association between treatment-related lymphopenia and survival in glioblastoma patients following postoperative chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Mapelli Roberto , Julita Chiara , Bianchi Sofia Paola , Gallina Nicolò , Lucchini Raffaella , Midulla Martina , Puci Flavia , Saddi Jessica , Trivellato Sara , Panizza Denis , De Ponti Elena , Arcangeli Stefano
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Our study investigated the association between treatment-related lymphopenia and overall survival (OS) in a series of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. We also explored clinical and dosimetric predictors of lymphocytes depletion.

Methods

Between 2015 and 2019, 64 patients were treated at the same institution with postoperative chemoradiotherapy. Peripheral lymphocyte count (PLC) data and dose–volume histogram parameters were collected. Radiotherapy (RT) schedule consisted in standard total dose of 60 Gy in 30 daily fractions, with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ). Posttreatment acute absolute lymphopenia (nadir AAL) was calculated as a PLC lower than 1.0 × 103/mm3. Acute relative lymphopenia (ARL) was expressed by the nadir-PLC/baseline-PLC ratio < 0.5. Nadir-PLC was the lowest PLC registered between the end of RT and the first month of follow-up. Survival rates were estimated with Kaplan–Meier curves. Clinical and dosimetric variables related to AAL/ARL and OS were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

A total of 57 patients were eligible and included in the analyses. The median PLC was significantly decreased following chemoradiotherapy (2180/mm3 vs 900/mm3). Median OS was 16 months (range 5–55 months), with no significant difference between patients who developed nadir AAL and those who did not (16 months vs 16.5 months; p = 0.304). When considering ARL vs non-ARL, median OS was 14 months vs 26 months (p = 0.013), respectively. In multivariate Cox regression only age, sex, extent of surgery, access to adjuvant chemotherapy and brain D98% were independently associated with OS.

Conclusion

Although iatrogenic immunosuppression could be associated with inferior clinical outcomes, our data show that treatment-related lymphopenia does not adversely affect GBM survival. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Return migrants and the wage premium: does the legal status of migrants matter?
Authors: Elmallakh Nelly , Wahba Jackline
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the impact of the legal status of overseas migrants on their wages upon return to the home country. Using unique data from Egypt, which allows us to distinguish between return migrants according to whether their international migration was documented or undocumented, we examine the impact of illegal status on wages upon return. Relying on a Conditional Mixed Process model, which takes into account the selection into emigration, into return, and into the legal status of temporary migration, we find that, upon return, undocumented migrants experience a wage penalty compared with documented migrants, as well as relative to non-migrants. Our results are the first to show the impact of undocumented migration on the migrant upon return to the country of origin.
Interobserver variability of ultrasound measurements for the differential diagnosis of uterine prolapse and cervical elongation without uterine prolapse
Authors: García-Mejido José Antonio , Ramos Vega Zenaida , Armijo Sánchez Alberto , Fernández-Palacín Ana , Fernández Carlota Borrero , Sainz Bueno José Antonio
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Our study aims to determine the interobserver variability of different ultrasound measurements (pubis-cervix distance, pubis-uterine fundus distance, and pubis-Douglascul-de-sac distance) previously analyzed for the ultrasound differential diagnosis of uterine prolapse (UP) and cervical elongation CE without UP.

Materials and methods

We conducted a prospective observational study with 40 patients scheduled to undergo surgical correction of UP and CE without UP. All patients underwent pelvic floor ultrasound examination by an examiner (E1) who acquired ultrasound images. Using these images, E1 measured the distances for the ultrasound differential diagnosis of UP and CE without UP, and these distances were compared with those measured by the other examiner (E2). Values were analyzed by calculating ICCs with 95% CIs.

Results

For UP, excellent reliability was obtained for all measurements except the pubis-Douglascul-de-sac measurement at rest, which was moderate (ICC 0.596; p = 0.028) and for the difference between the pubis-Douglascul-de-sac measurement at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver, which was good (ICC 0.691; p < 0.0005). For CE without UP, interobserver reliability was excellent for all measurements analyzed except the pubis-cervix measurement during the Valsalva maneuver, which was moderate (ICC 0.535; p = 0.052) and for the pubis-Douglascul-de-sac measurement at rest, which was good (ICC 0.768; p < 0.0005).

Conclusions

There is excellent interobserver reliability in measurements of the difference in the distance from the pubic symphysis to the uterine fundus at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver for both UP and CE without UP, which are used for the ultrasound differential diagnosis of UP and CE without UP.