bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avocado oil extraction processes: method for cold-pressed high-quality edible oil production versus traditional production
Authors: Costagli Giacomo , Betti Matteo
Published: October 2015

Nowadays the avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill.) is widely regarded as an important fruit for its nutritional values, as it is rich in vital human nutrients. The avocado fruit is mainly sold fresh on the market, which however trades also a relevant quantity of second-grade fruits with a relatively high oil content. Traditionally, this oil is extracted from dried fruits by means of organic solvents, but a mechanical method is also used in general in locations where drying systems and/or solvent extraction units cannot be installed. These traditional processes yield a grade of oil that needs subsequent refining and is mainly used in the cosmetic industry. In the late 1990s, in New Zeland, a processing company with the collaboration of Alfa Laval began producing cold-pressed avocado oil (CPAO) to be sold as edible oil for salads and cooking. Over the last fifteen years, CPAO production has increased in many other countries and has led to an expansion of the market which is set to continue, given the growing interest in highquality and healthy food. Avocado oil like olive oil is extracted from the fruit pulp and in particular shares many principles of the extraction process with extra-vergin olive oil. We conducted a review of traditional and modern extraction methods with particular focus on extraction processes and technology for CPAO production.
DEMOGRAPHICAL, VIRO-IMMUNOLOGICAL, CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HIV INFECTED PATIENTS IN A “EPIDEMIOLOGICALLY UNEXPLORED” REGION OF ITALY (CALABRIA REGION): THE CALABRHIV COHORT.
Authors: Postorino Maria Concetta , Luciani Filippo , Mangano Carmelo , Carpentieri Maria Stella , Scerbo Paolo , Priamo Armando , Berardelli Giuseppina , Marino Roberto , Vallone Alfredo , Serrao Nicola , Pisani Vincenzo , Costa Chiara , Terremoto Albano , Foti Giuseppe , Cosco Lucio , Calderazzo Massimo , Corigliano Domenico , Scordo Preziosa , Torti Carlo , Strazzulla Alessio
Published: October 2015

Background and Objectives HIV epidemics may differ among epidemiological contexts. We aimed at constructing an HIV clinical cohort whose main epidemiological, clinical and therapeutical characteristics are described (the CalabrHIV cohort, Calabria Region, Southern Italy). Methods The CalabrHIV cohort includes all HIV patients on active follow-up in all infectious disease centers in the Calabria Region as at October 2014. All information were recorded in a common electronic database. Not-infectious co-morbidities (such as cardiovascular diseases, bone fractures, diabetes, renal failure and hypertension) were also studied. Results 548 patients (68% males; 63% aged <50 years) were included in the CalabrHIV cohort. Major risk factors: sexual transmission (49%) and intravenous drug use (34%). 39% patients had HCV and/or HBV co-infection. An high percentage of late presenters was observed (68.4% patients with CD4+ nadir <350/mm3and 38.5% patients with AIDS at baseline). 83% patients on HAART  had actually undetectable HIV-RNA. Hypertension was the most frequent co-morbidity (21.5%). Multi-morbidity was more frequent in >50 years-old patients than in <50 years-old ones (30% vs. 6%; p<0.0001). Co-morbidity was more frequent in HCV and/or HBV co-infected than in HIV mono-infected patients (46.6% vs. 31.7%: p=0.0006). Conclusion This cohort presentation study sheds light, for the first time, on HIV patients’ characteristics in the Calabria Region. Despite a small number of officially reported cases, the size of the cohort was substantial. We showed that HIV infected patients with chronic hepatites, were affected by concomitant not-infectious co-morbidities more than the HIV mono-infected individuals. New HCV treatments are eagerly awaited.
The relationship between servant leadership and employee empowerment, commitment, trust and innovative behaviour: A project management perspective
Authors: Krog Camilla L. , Govender Krishna
Published: October 2015

Orientation: Understanding the relationship between a project sponsor’s servant leadership traits and employee commitment, trust and innovative behaviour.Research purpose: This study aimed to understand the relationship, if any, between a project sponsor’s servant leadership traits of altruistic calling, emotional healing, wisdom, persuasive mapping and organisational stewardship and a project team’s empowerment, commitment, trust and innovative behaviour.Motivation of the study: Most project leadership studies focus on understanding the role and power position of the project manager, with very little research being dedicated to understanding the effect the leadership style has on the project team and project success.Research approach: A survey was conducted amongst a non-probability sample of 48 project team members from amongst a population of 257, comprising project managers, business analysts and IT staff of a medium sized fleet management organisation that is in the process of implementing an entirely new enterprise resource planning system.Main findings: Through inferential statistical analysis, using structural equation modelling and path analysis, it was determined that persuasive mapping has the strongest impact on employee innovative behaviour, followed by employee commitment and trust via the mediator of employee perceived empowerment. Wisdom and organisational stewardship had a negative impact on employee perceived empowerment.Practical/managerial implications: Project sponsors need to exhibit persuasive mapping, altruistic calling and emotional healing traits due to the significant influence that these have on employee innovative behaviour, commitment and trust, albeit through their perceived empowerment.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to knowledge of leadership, more especially servant leadership and its significance in project management, which knowledge may contribute to project success
Narración, espacio y emplazamiento turístico en el cine español de ficción (1951 – 1977)
Authors: Nieto Ferrando Jorge , Del Rey Reguillo Antonia , Afinoguenova Eugenia
Published: October 2015

La importancia de la industria turística en España es incuestionable. Mucho antes de la aparición de las denominadas film commissions ya puede apreciarse un uso del audiovisual, y en concreto del cine, como instrumento de promoción de los destinos turísticos. Partiendo de esta premisa, el objetivo de la presente investigación es el análisis del espacio turístico como producto emplazado en la estructura narrativa y dramática de las películas de temática turística producidas durante los años de actuación del Ministerio de Información y Turismo (1951 – 1977). Nos situamos, por tanto, en el ámbito del análisis de la narración audiovisual. Los resultados muestran cómo el espacio turístico se concreta en vista turística, se le atribuyen una serie de valores intangibles, en ocasiones por contraste con otros espacios, y puede actuar como digresión respecto a la historia o estar plenamente integrado en su estructura dramática.
De la fotogrametría a la difusión del patrimonio arqueológico mediante game engines: Menga un caso de estudio
Authors: Caro José L. , Hansen Salvador
Published: October 2015

Everyone knows the importance of new technologies and the growth they have had in mobile devices. Today in the field of study and dissemination of cultural heritage (including archaeological), the use of digital 3D models and associated technologies are a tool to increase the registration quality and consequently a better basis for interpretation and dissemination for cultural tourism, education and research. Within this area is gaining positions photogrammetry over other technologies due to its low cost. We can generate 3D models from forografí as through a set of algorithms that are able to obtain very approximate models and very realistic textures. In this paper we propose the use of game-engines to incorporate one element diffusion: the ability to navigate the 3D model realistically. As a case study we use a Menga dolmen that will serve as a study and demonstration of the techniques employed. 
A scaling approach to Budyko's framework and the complementary relationship of evapotranspiration in humid environments: case study of the Amazon River basin
Authors: Carmona A. M. , Poveda G. , Sivapalan M. , Vallejo-Bernal S. M. , Bustamante E.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. This paper studies a 3-D generalization of Budyko's framework designed to capture the mutual interdependence among long-term mean actual evapotranspiration (E), potential evapotranspiration (Ep) and precipitation (P). For this purpose we use three dimensionless and dependent quantities: Ψ = E/P, Φ = Ep/P and Ω = E/Ep. This 3-D space and its 2-D projections provide an interesting setting to test the physical soundness of Budyko's hypothesis. We demonstrate analytically that Budyko-type equations are unable to capture the physical limit of the relation between Ω and Φ in humid environments, owing to the unfeasibility of Ep/P → 0 at E/Ep = 1. Using data from 146 sub-catchments in the Amazon River basin we overcome this inconsistency by proposing a physically consistent power law: Ψ = k Φe, with k = 0.66, and e = 0.83 (R2 = 0.93). This power law is compared with two other Budyko-type equations. Taking into account the goodness of fits and the ability to comply with the physical limits of the 3-D space, our results show that the power law is better suited to model the coupled water and energy balances within the Amazon River basin. Moreover, k is found to be related to the partitioning of energy via evapotranspiration in terms of Ω. This suggests that our power law implicitly incorporates the complementary relationship of evapotranspiration into the Budyko curve, which is a consequence of the dependent nature of the studied variables within our 3-D space. This scaling approach is also consistent with the asymmetrical nature of the complementary relationship of evapotranspiration. Looking for a physical explanation for the parameters k and e, the inter-annual variability of individual catchments is studied. Evidence of space–time symmetry in Amazonia emerges, since both between-catchment and between-year variability follow the same Budyko curves. Finally, signs of co-evolution of catchments are explored by linking spatial patterns of the power law parameters with fundamental characteristics of the Amazon River basin. In general, k and e are found to be related to vegetation, topography and water in soils.
Improved large-scale hydrological modelling through the assimilation of streamflow and downscaled satellite soil moisture observations
Authors: Lopez Lopez P. , Wanders N. , Schellekens J. , Renzullo L. J. , Sutanudjaja E. H. , Bierkens M. F. P.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The coarse spatial resolution of global hydrological models (typically > 0.25°) limits their ability to resolve key water balance processes for many river basins and thus compromises their suitability for water resources management, especially when compared to locally-tuned river models. A possible solution to the problem may be to drive the coarse resolution models with locally available high spatial resolution meteorological data as well as to assimilate ground-based and remotely-sensed observations of key water cycle variables. While this would improve the resolution of the global model, the impact of prediction accuracy remains largely an open question. In this study we investigate the impact of assimilating streamflow and satellite soil moisture observations on the accuracy of global hydrological model estimations, when driven by either coarse- or high-resolution meteorological observations in the Murrumbidgee river basin in Australia. To this end, a 0.08° resolution version of the PCR-GLOBWB global hydrological model is forced with downscaled global meteorological data (from 0.5° downscaled to 0.08° resolution) obtained from the WATCH Forcing Data methodology applied to ERA-Interim (WFDEI) and a local high resolution gauging station based gridded dataset (0.05°). Downscaled satellite derived soil moisture (from approx. 0.5° downscaled to 0.08° resolution) from AMSR-E and streamflow observations collected from 23 gauging stations are assimilated using an ensemble Kalman filter. Several scenarios are analysed to explore the added value of data assimilation considering both local and global meteorological data. Results show that the assimilation of soil moisture observations results in the largest improvement of the model estimates of streamflow. The joint assimilation of both streamflow and downscaled soil moisture observations leads to further improvement in streamflow simulations (20 % reduction in RMSE). Furthermore, results show that the added contribution of data assimilation, for both soil moisture and streamflow, is more pronounced when the global meteorological data are used to force the models. This is caused by the higher uncertainty and coarser resolution of the global forcing. We conclude that it is possible to improve PCR-GLOBWB simulations forced by coarse resolution meteorological data with assimilation of downscaled spaceborne soil moisture and streamflow observations. These improved model results are close to the ones from a local model forced with local meteorological data. These findings are important in light of the efforts that are currently done to go to global hyper-resolution modelling and can help to advance this research.
Volumen maderable de mangle negro (Avicennia germinans L.) impactado por herbivoria de Anacamptodes sp en Cárdenas Tabasco
Authors: Sol-Sánchez Ángel , Sánchez-Gutiérrez Facundo , Hernández-Melchor Gloria Isela , Zamora Cornelio Luis Felipe , Sardiñas Gómez Oreste , Rivera Carlos , Toruño Pedro José
Published: October 2015

El presente trabajo se realizó en el ejido las coloradas, Cárdenas, Tabasco, con el objetivo de cuantificar el volumen maderable del mangle negro (Avicennia germinans (L.) L., afectado y muerto por la oruga de Anacamptodes sp., durante 2010-2011. Se establecieron 10 unidades de muestreo (UM) de forma rectangular de 20 x 50 m para evaluación permanente. Se registró el estado sanitario de los árboles, el diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP 13 m), la altura total y altura del fuste limpio (Ht y Hfl). Se calculó el área basal (AB m2ha-1), Volumen total y del fuste limpio (Vt y Vfl m3ha-1) y se estimó la densidad de árboles por especie. Los valores obtenidos se arreglaron en clases diamétricas con una amplitud de 5 cm. Se realizó un análisis de correlación lineal simple entre la altura y el DAP. En total se evaluaron 1,831 árboles de tres especies, tres géneros y tres familias botánicas. El mangle negro representó 99.6% del total de árboles evaluados; la densidad varió de 750 hasta 2,520 árboles por ha-1. El 42.9% de los árboles registrados mostraban partes vivas y el 57.1% estaban totalmente muertos. Específicamente, el mangle negro registró un Vt de 68.3 m3 ha-1, Vfl de 24.6 m3 ha-1y un AB de 12.4 m2 ha-1. La categoría de 5 - 9.9 cm de DAP registró el 45% de los árboles identificados. La correlación del DAP y la altura del mangle negro, fue moderada positiva significativa (r² = 0.5313, p = 2.2 e-16).
Cambio climático a nivel de nicho y caña de azúcar. I Tamazula, Jalisco, México
Authors: Lomelí-Sandova Nora Araceli , Muñoz-Orozco Abel , Zúniga González Carlos Alberto , Caballero Hernandez Alvaro , Vázquez Montenegro Ranses José
Published: October 2015

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar las variaciones relacionadas con la gran sequía invernal (GSI), la sequía intraestival (SI), la ocurrencia de heladas, golpes de calor y excesos de lluvia, aprovechando datos históricos disponibles de la localidad de Tamazula, Jalisco como un espacio dentro de un nicho; así mismo, comparar las variaciones antes y después de 1975, año tomado como referencia de la manifestación del último cambio climático según la Figura 2. Otro objetivo colateral fue vincular dicho desarrollo histórico con un experimento de variedades de caña realizado en 2011-2013 cerca de Tamazula, Jalisco.
Análisis de la agenda pública y privada de la Bioeconomía en Centroamérica y el Caribe: Estudios de Caso de El Salvador, Honduras, Cuba y Nicaragua
Authors: Marinero-Orantes Edgar Antonio , Vargas Cañas José Isidro , Catari G , Martínez L , Sardiñas Gómez Orestes F , Zúniga González Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2015

El presente trabajo se focalizó en investigar la política que los gobiernos están implementando para desarrollar la Bioeconomìa en los países de El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua y Cuba. Se utilizó la metodología de estudio de caso, donde los especialistas de la Red de Bioeconomía y Cambio Climático donde se aborda la situación de la política y normativas que los gobiernos han venido implementado. La investigación brinda como resultado la necesidad de ir introduciendo el tema de la Bioeconomía en la agenda pública y privada de los senderos de la bioeconomia como una alternativa de las comunidades rurales para dar respuesta a las variaciones del cambio climático y la creciente demanda de alimentos y fibras que presupone el crecimiento exponencial de la población. El trabajo investigativo se organizó en de la siguiente manera: Políticas sectoriales y normas regulatorias de la Bioeconomía: Caso El Salvador que lo abordan los especialista del grupo país de El Salvador el segundo caso es Agenda de política pública y privada para la bioeconomia: caso Honduras elaborada por los especialista del grupo país de Honduras, el tercer caso es Políticas Públicas para la Bioeconomía en Cuba realizada por los especialistas del grupo país de Cuba y finalmente Nicaragua que refiere la política que sobre el tema se viene impulsando.
A influência da suplementação de sulfato de condroitina na dor e nos aspectos funcionais associados à osteoartrose
Authors: Ulysséa Monique Antunes , Piazza Lisiane
Published: October 2015

Introdução: A osteoartrose é a principal causa de limitação da funcionalidade e incapacidade nos idosos. Dentre os tratamentos farmacológicos está a suplementação com sulfato de condroitina. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a influência do sulfato de condroitina na dor e aspectos funcionais associados à osteoartrose. Métodos: Foram utilizados os descritores “osteoarthritis” e “chondroitin”. Os artigos foram selecionados de forma independente e cega, por dois pesquisadores. Foram incluídos somente ensaios clínicos primários, escritos na língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola entre 2005 a 2013. A escala PEDro foi utilizada como instrumento de avaliação. Resultados: Foram encontrados 1.916 estudos, permanecendo nove artigos para a análise. Dos nove analisados, quatro mostraram a eficácia da suplementação do sulfato de condroitina na redução da dor e da incapacidade funcional, enquanto cinco investigações não mostraram efeitos estatisticamente significantes. Conclusões: A influência do sulfato de condroitina na dor e aspectos funcionais na osteoartrose permanece questionável.
Força muscular respiratória em idosas hipertensas fisicamente ativas e sedentárias
Authors: Bessa Lidiane Karielle , Nogueira Ivan Daniel Bezerra , Melo Flávio Emanoel Souza de , Santos Ridyuane Narah Imperiano dos , Fonseca Mariane Dos Santos , Nogueira Patrícia Angélica de Miranda Silva
Published: October 2015

Introdução: O envelhecimento relaciona-se ao aumento da incidência da hipertensão arterial sistêmica, bem como à diminuição da força muscular respiratória. Objetivo: Comparar a força muscular respiratória entre idosas hipertensas fisicamente ativas e sedentárias. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 53 idosas, hipertensas, classificadas em dois grupos mediante aplicação do Questionário Internacional de Nível de Atividade Física (IPAQ): grupo sedentárias – G1 (n=31) e grupo ativas – G2 (n=22). Cada voluntária foi avaliada quanto à pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) e pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx). Os resultados foram comparados entre os grupos, adotando-se como significativo um p
Immediate electromyographic changes of the upper limb muscles following cervical manipulation in a patient with essential tremor: a case report
Authors: Carvalho Emanuele , Silva Camila , Santos Ana Paula , Martins Fábio Luiz , Barbosa Michelle Almeida , Barbosa Alexandre Wesley Carvalho
Published: October 2015

Introduction and Objective: The purpose of this case report is to evaluate upper limb muscle electric behavior by surface electromyography before and after cervical manipulation in a patient with essential tremor. Methods: In 2009, essential tremor was diagnosed by a neurologist in a 25-year-old woman. Previous treatment included Paroxetine for a number of months, without alteration of her symptoms. The patient was assessed by surface electromyography of the upper limb muscles (flexor and extensor of the wrist, long heads of biceps and triceps) before and after being subjected to high-velocity, low-amplitude spinal manipulation to her mid cervical spine (C3-C4 level, 1 manipulation/side). Results: There was an increase of the median frequency rate and a decrease of the electrical activity of these muscles. Conclusion: This case study showed the cervical manipulation technique acutely modifying the electromyographic activity, increasing the median frequency, and decreasing the muscle recruitment of the upper limb. It suggests improved motor control during the tasks.
Chronology of Red Abalone Middens on Santa Cruz Island, California, and Evidence for Subsistence and Settlement Change
Authors: Glassow Michael A.
Published: October 2015

Red abalone middens on Santa Cruz Island, California, are conspicuous because they contain the shells of red abalone, a large marine gastropod, even though mussel shells are the most abundant by weight. Recently obtained radiocarbon dates push back the time interval of the island's red abalone middens to ca. 6200 cal B.C., with the bulk of them dating between 5000 and 3300 cal B.C. Faunal remains from two sites indicate that subsistence on marine resources intensified at the onset of the time interval of the middens. In addition, beginning ca. 3900 cal B.C. the island settlement system became more complex and subsistence on marine resources, particularly with respect to marine mammals such as dolphins, once again became more intensive. Proposed explanations for the subsistence and settlement shift concern the development of possibly more complex watercraft and the adoption of the mortar and pestle for processing plant foods. The expanded time interval during which red abalone middens occur has revealed that cooler sea-surface temperature is only a partial explanation for their occurrence.
Caddoan Archaeology on the High Plains: A Reply
Authors: Huffman Thomas N. , Earley Frank Lee
Published: October 2015

The co-existence of Apishapa and Upper Republican-derived sites in the Pinyon Canyon area provides new support for our identification of the Wallace and Hobson settlements as Upper Republican.
Advancing Industrial Relations Theory: An Analytical Synthesis of British-American and Pluralist-Radical Ideas
Authors: Kaufman Bruce E. , Gall Gregor
Published: October 2015

Prominent writers in industrial relations (IR) have concluded the field is in significant decline, partly because of a failed theory base. The theory problem is deepened because other writers conclude developing a theory foundation for industrial relations is neither possible nor desirable. We believe advancing IR theory is both needed and possible, and take up the challenge in this paper.

A long-standing problem in theorizing industrial relations has been the lack of agreement on the field’s core analytical construct. However, in the last two decades writers have increasingly agreed the field is centred on the employment relationship. Another long-standing problem is that writers have theorized industrial relations using different theoretical frames of reference, including pluralist and radical-Marxist; different disciplinary perspectives, such as economics, sociology, history, and politics; and from different national traditions, such as British, French, and American.

In this paper, we seek to advance IR theory and better integrate paradigms and national traditions. We do this by developing an analytical explanation for four core features of the employment relationship—generation of an economic surplus, cooperation-conflict dialectic, indeterminate nature of the employment contract, and asymmetric authority and power in the firm—using an integrative mix of ideas and concepts from the pluralist and radical-Marxist streams presented in a multi-part diagram constructed with marginalist tools from conventional economics. The diagram includes central IR system components, such as labour market, hierarchical firm, macro-economy, and nation state government. The model is used to explain the four features of the employment relationship and derive implications for IR theory and practice. Examples include the diagrammatic representation of the size and distribution of the economic surplus, a new analytical representation of labour exploitation, identification of labour supply conditions that encourage, respectively, cooperation versus conflict, and demonstration of how inequality of bargaining power in labour markets contributes to macroeconomic stagnation and unemployment.
The Economic Impact of the Great Recession on Aboriginal People Living off Reserve in Canada
Authors: Lamb Danielle
Published: October 2015

The present analysis seeks to examine whether the 2008 recession had a differential impact on Aboriginal as compared to non-Aboriginal Canadians as measured by the differences in the probability of unemployment between the two groups. Specifically, the present study tests two hypotheses: 1- Aboriginal people have been disproportionately burdened by the Great Recession as compared to non-Aboriginal people, and as a consequence; 2- Aboriginal people are more likely than non-Aboriginal people to be discouraged workers.

The study uses data obtained from the master files of the Canadian Labour Force Survey for the years 2007 to 2012 inclusive to estimate the probability that an individual is unemployed based on a set of observable characteristics for a sample of labour force participants. The methodology begins by estimating a pooled model across all years, which includes controls for Aboriginal identity. Secondly, individual models of the probability of unemployment are estimated for each year for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal labour force participants. The difference in the probability of unemployment from pooled models estimated separately for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples are decomposed to reveal the proportion of the gap that is due to differences in observable characteristics between the two groups and the amount of the gap that is attributable to differential returns to those characteristics. To investigate the second hypothesis, the study estimates the probability that a respondent is a discouraged worker based on the entire sample of both economically active and inactive persons (i.e. labour force participants and well as those not in the labour force).

The results of both the pooled and individual models of the probability of unemployment support the first hypothesis, that Aboriginal peoples were disproportionately burdened by the 2008 recession as seen in higher and more enduring probabilities of unemployment. By the 2012, estimated unemployment rates had roughly returned to their pre-recessionary levels for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal respondents with strongest labour force attachments. When individuals with weaker labour force attachments (i.e. those who have been unemployed for more than twelve months) are included in the analysis, the gap between the probability of unemployment for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal persons widens. Furthermore, the second hypothesis, that Aboriginal people are more likely to be discouraged workers, was supported, as Aboriginal people were more likely to be discouraged workers in 2008-2010 and 2012.
Candidatures spontanées, réseaux et intermédiaires publics : quelle information et quels appariements sur le marché du travail français ?
Authors: de Larquier Guillemette , Rieucau Géraldine
Published: October 2015

À partir des enquêtes Emploi en continu (2005-2012) de l’INSEE, cet article analyse les appariements via les trois principaux canaux sur le marché du travail français : 1-candidatures spontanées; 2- réseaux; et 3- intermédiaires publics. Il étudie le mode d’accès à l’emploi des individus recrutés chaque trimestre, en tenant compte des canaux effectivement activés par ces individus lors de leur recherche d’emploi. En prenant appui sur le cadre théorique de l’économie des conventions, cet article soutient l’hypothèse que les trois canaux mènent à des appariements différents, car ils ne véhiculent pas le même type d’information sur les candidats, le format de l’information pouvant être écrit, raconté ou standardisé. Les candidatures spontanées arrivent sans médiation, ce qui engendre une forte incertitude sur la qualité des candidats. S’ils ont déjà travaillé dans l’entreprise ou qu’ils sont déjà en emploi et non chômeurs, ils ont davantage de chances d’avoir été recrutés via ce canal, plutôt que d’une autre façon. Ce canal valorise également les personnes qui publient une annonce, faisant connaître leurs compétences par le biais de ce support. Par ailleurs, l’information qui circule de proche en proche par les réseaux de relations épouse le format du récit, plutôt que celui, écrit, du CV. Les personnes étrangères ou françaises par acquisition trouvent plus souvent par ce canal que par un autre; il en va de même des personnes dont l’entourage immédiat est en emploi. À la différence des deux autres canaux, l’institution publique conduit vers l’emploi des personnes sans lien antérieur avec l’entreprise qui les embauche et est surtout utile aux inactifs et aux chômeurs. Les personnes embauchées via ce canal ont, davantage que les autres, répondu à une annonce, ce qui illustre une certaine standardisation des candidatures réalisée par l’intermédiaire public, standardisation qui paraît peu favorable aux étrangers ou aux Français par acquisition. Lorsque le taux de chômage régional augmente, la probabilité d’avoir trouvé son emploi par candidature spontanée, après avoir démarché ainsi, augmente; en revanche, cette probabilité diminue pour les deux autres canaux.
Adjunctive osteopathic manipulative treatment in the elderly hospitalized with pneumonia: A pilot study
Authors: Noll Donald R , Shores Jay , Bryman Paul N , Masterson Eleanor V
Published: October 2015

To evaluate the benefit of osteopathic manipulative treatment in the elderly with pneumonia, the authors recruited 21 individuals older than 60 years whowere hospitalized with acute pneumonia. Eleven patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group and ten to the control group. The treatment groupreceived specific osteopathic manipulative treatment for somatic dysfunction and a standardized treatment protocol. Both groups received conventional therapy, and the attending physician was blind to group assignments. No significant difference existed between groups for age, sex, or severity of illness. Although the mean duration of leukocytosis, intravenous antibiotic treatment, and length of stay were shorter for the treatment group, these measures did not reach statistical significance. However, the mean duration of oral antibiotic use did reach statistical significance at 3.1 days for the treatment group and 0.8 day for the control group. Osteopathic manipulative treatment may reduce antibiotic use and length of stay; however, a larger study is needed to clarify this outcome.
Making a difference: The Osteopathic Approach Lecture Series
Authors: Danto Jay B , Kavieff T Reid
Published: October 2015

The Osteopathic Approach Lecture Series (Osteopathic AppLeS) was created in response to both the current need in the osteopathic medical profession for a distinctive osteopathic identity and'lack of readily available information regarding an osteopathic approach. The series consisted of 16 lectures given to interns, extems, residents, and attendings at a community-based osteopathic hospital during a lO-month time span which emphasized and inculcated an osteopathic approach to patients with a variety of illnesses. Emphasis was placed on osteopathic manipulative treatment training throughout the series. Data were collected at individual presentations using a survey of participants and studied retrospectively. The results of the surveys indicated that using this type of presentation series may substantially increase confidence and knowledge in an osteopathic approach and osteopathic manipulative treatment skills.
The incidental diagnosis
Authors: Silverberg Lawrence I
Published: October 2015

Incidental findings transcend medical practice. Two cases are discussed in which significant conditions were discovered during clinical examination for an unrelated disorder. The first case presents a disease reported for the first time in a male. Recent literature has alluded to missed diagnoses found only at autopsies With cost constraint as a national theme, the appropriate use of technology presents a challenge to the physician. The cases discussed raise questions about the process of diagnosis. Both situations bring to light the limitations of clinical investigation early in the pathologic process.
Issues and principles in dietary management
Authors: D’Angelo David W.
Published: October 2015

Obesity is a widely pervasive disease resulting in $45 million in healthcare costs. The contribution of genes in the etiology of obesity is quite convincing. It is becoming increasingly apparent also that diet can have an influential effect on gene expression. Dietary management remains the mainstay of treatment and can be tailored to meet the individual needs of patients.
Gastropathy induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Prescribing patterns among geriatric practitioners
Authors: Pertusi Raymond M , Godwin Karen S , House Janelle K , Knebl Janice A , Alexander Jerry H , Rubin Bernard R , Forman Mitchell D
Published: October 2015

The objective of this study was to determine patterns among geriatric practitioners in prescribing agents that protect the gastrointestinaltract when nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment is started for elderly patients. A questionnaire describing five scenarios of elderly patients requiring NSAID therapy asked respondents to choose gastrointestinal-protective agents for each scenario. Respondents were then asked to what extent four established risk factors for NSAID gastropathy (age, previous peptic ulcer, previous gastrointestinal bleeding, and heart disease) affected their choices. The choice of gastrointestinal-protective agent was compared with the training and experience of the respondents. This self-administered survey was provided to 821 randomly selected physicians from the membership of the American Geriatrics Society throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 6.1.4, was used to obtain frequencies. Of 821 surveys, 229 (28%) were returned. It was found that well elderly patients and nursing home residents were not treated with any gastrointestinal-protective agent by 64 % (well elderly patients) and 32% (nursing home residents) of respondents. Among respondents who would prescribe, about half would choose misoprostol for a well elderly patient or a nursing home resident, whereas half or more preferred histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Twenty-three percent would not prescribe misoprostol when NSAID therapy was resumed after an active ulcer had healed, and 68 % preferred H2 antagonists in that setting. The difference in response attributable to training/experience was less than 9%. Factors that did not affect prescribing patterns included the patient's age (15% to 62%) and heart disease (44% to 50%). The study concluded that age and heart disease are risk factors to which physicians give less consideration when choosing gastrointestinal-protective agents. Although misoprostolis the only agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration for prophylaxis against NSAID gastropathy, 23 % of respondents chose not to prescribe misoprostol whenNSAID therapy 'was resumed after an active ulcer had healed. Histamine H2-receptor antagonists were preferred over misoprostol for well elderly patients and nursing home residents. Training and experience were not responsible for differences among respondents' prescribing patterns.
A more productive, but different, ocean after mitigation
Authors: John Jasmin G. , Stock Charles A. , Dunne John P.
Published: October 2015

Reversibility studies suggest a lagged recovery of global mean sea surface temperatures after mitigation, raising the question of whether a similar lag is likely for marine net primary production (NPP). Here we assess NPP reversibility with a mitigation scenario in which projected Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 forcings are applied out to 2100 and then reversed over the course of the following century in a fully coupled carbon‐climate Earth System Model. In contrast to the temperature lag, we find a rapid increase in global mean NPP, including an overshoot to values above contemporary means. The enhanced NPP arises from a transient imbalance between the cooling surface ocean and continued warming in subsurface waters, which weakens upper ocean density gradients, resulting in deeper mixing and enhanced surface nitrate. We also find a marine ecosystem regime shift as persistent silicate depletion results in increased prevalence of large, non‐diatom phytoplankton.
Early Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis Features One Year After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Symptoms and Quality of Life at Three Years
Authors: Culvenor Adam G. , Collins Natalie J. , Guermazi Ali , Cook Jill L. , Vicenzino Bill , Whitehead Timothy S. , Morris Hayden G. , Crossley Kay M.
Published: October 2015

Objective

To determine whether the presence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) osteoarthritis (OA) features in the patellofemoral or tibiofemoral joint (i.e., bone marrow lesions, cartilage lesions, and osteophytes) and/or functional impairments, 1 year following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), can predict Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at 3 years.

Methods

A total of 93 participants (56 [60%] men, mean ± SD age 29 ± 9 years) who had undergone MRI examination and functional testing at 1‐year post‐ACLR, completed the KOOS at 3 years postsurgery. Multivariate regression models evaluated the prognostic capacity of compartment‐specific osteochondral OA features, scored using the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score, and functional performance (hop for distance, 1‐leg rise), to predict outcome on 4 KOOS subscales (pain, symptoms, sport/recreation, and quality of life [QOL]).

Results

Presence of patellofemoral cartilage lesions 1‐year post‐ACLR predicted worse score on all KOOS subscales at 3 years (P ≤ 0.01). Regression coefficients (B) were −5.1 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] −9.1, −1.2) for symptoms, −4.0 (95% CI −6.7, −1.4) for pain, −6.7 (95% CI −11.0, −2.4) for sport/recreation, and −8.6 (95% CI −15.1, −2.1) for QOL. No significant associations were found between tibiofemoral MRI features and knee symptoms. Poorer performance on the 1‐leg‐rise test predicted worse KOOS‐QOL (B −6.5 [95% CI −12.4, −0.5], P = 0.03).

Conclusion

The presence of a patellofemoral articular cartilage lesion and lower 1‐leg‐rise performance at 1 year postsurgery are prognostic for poorer 3‐year outcome following ACLR. Particular attention to patellofemoral compartment lesions and functional capacity is warranted during postoperative rehabilitation programs, as these features represent potential targets for therapy aimed at minimizing symptomatic disease progression in these young adults.
Adhesion of Volcanic Ash Particles under Controlled Conditions and Implications for Their Deposition in Gas Turbines
Authors: Taltavull Catalina , Dean James , Clyne Trevor William
Published: October 2015

A particular (representative) type of ash has been used in this study, having a particle size range of ∼10–70 μm. Experimental particle adhesion rate data are considered in conjunction with CFD modeling of particle velocities and temperatures. This ash becomes soft above ∼700 °C and it has been confirmed that a sharp increase is observed in the likelihood of adhesion as particle temperatures move into this range. Particle size is important and those in the approximate range 10–30 μm are most likely to adhere. This corresponds fairly closely with the size range that is most likely to enter a combustion chamber and turbine.
Injectable, Pore‐Forming Hydrogels for In Vivo Enrichment of Immature Dendritic Cells
Authors: Verbeke Catia S. , Mooney David J.
Published: October 2015

Biomaterials‐based vaccines have emerged as a powerful method to evoke potent immune responses directly in vivo, without the need for ex vivo cell manipulation, and modulating dendritic cell (DC) responses in a noninflammatory context could enable the development of tolerogenic vaccines to treat autoimmunity. This study describes the development of a noninflammatory, injectable hydrogel system to locally enrich DCs in vivo without inducing their maturation or activation, as a first step toward this goal. Alginate hydrogels that form pores in situ are characterized and used as a physical scaffold for cell infiltration. These gels are also adapted to control the release of granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), a potent inducer of DC recruitment and proliferation. In vivo, sustained release of GM‐CSF from the pore‐forming gels leads to the accumulation of millions of cells in the material. These cells are highly enriched in CD11b+CD11c+ DCs, and further analysis of cell surface marker expression indicates these DCs are immature. This study demonstrates that a polymeric delivery system can mediate the accumulation of a high number and percentage of immature DCs, and may provide the basis for further development of materials‐based, therapeutic vaccines.
Clinical presentation and survival in a population‐based cohort of infants with gastroschisis in Utah, 1997–2011
Authors: Feldkamp Marcia L. , Botto Lorenzo D. , Byrne Janice L. B. , Krikov Sergey , Carey John C.
Published: October 2015

Typically gastroschisis is considered an isolated birth defect; however, other major malformations are reported to occur in 5–35% of cases depending on inclusion criteria. This study evaluated the associated malformations, small for gestational age, and survival among a clinically well‐characterized population‐based gastroschisis cohort, delivered from 1997–2011. We used data from Utah's statewide population‐based surveillance system, which monitors major structural birth defects among all pregnancy outcomes (i.e., live births, stillbirths, pregnancy terminations, and miscarriages). Of the initial 387 gastroschisis cases, we excluded 51 (13.2%) for the following reasons: inadequately described or macerated fetuses, part of a specific malformation complex or sequence (limb‐body wall complex, amniotic band sequence, or a severe form of abdominoschisis), leaving a study sample of 336 clinically confirmed cases. Gastroschisis was isolated non‐syndromic in 284 cases (84.5%). One case was syndromic (trisomy 16; 0.3%) and the remaining 51 (15.2%) were classified as multiple: one unrelated major malformation (27; 52.9%); two or more unrelated major malformation or one major with multiple minor anomalies or mild malformations (6; 11.8%); ≥ one distinctive minor anomaly or mild malformation (13; 25.5%); amyoplasia (5; 1.5%). Of the liveborn infants, 63.3% were preterm (delivered at <37 weeks of gestation) and 21.8% were small for gestational age (SGA). SGA was more common in males (38.8%) than females (16%) (P = 0.008). Overall first year survival was high (95.6%); however, preterm infants with congenital intestinal atresia had the highest mortality (13.8%). The high proportion of isolated cases (84.5%) in gastroschisis is similar to that observed in many other phenotypes and not unique to gastroschisis. Because one in every six infants with gastroschisis had a major unrelated malformation, additional malformations should be sought in every newborn with gastroschisis. Infant mortality was low overall but still a significant concern in affected preterm infants with associated congenital intestinal atresia. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A role for HLA‐DRB1*1101 and DRB1*0801 in cognitive ability and its decline with age
Authors: Payton Antony , Dawes Piers , Platt Hazel , Morton Cynthia C. , Moore David R. , Massey Jonathan , Horan Michael , Ollier William , Munro Kevin J. , Pendleton Neil
Published: October 2015

Cognitive abilities (memory, processing speed, vocabulary, and fluid intelligence) are correlated with educational attainment and occupational status, as well as physical and mental health. The variation in cognitive abilities observed within a population has a substantial genetic contribution (heritability ∼50%) and yet the identification of genetic polymorphisms from both genome‐wide association and candidate studies have to date only uncovered a limited number of genetic variants that exert small genetic effects. Here we impute human leukocyte antigens (HLA) using existing genome‐wide association data from 1,559 non‐pathological elderly volunteers who have been followed for changes in cognitive functioning between a 12‐ and 18‐year period. Specifically, we investigate DRB1*05 (*11/*12) and DRB1*01, which have previously been associated with cognitive ability. We also analyze DRB1*0801, which shares close sequence homology with DRB1*1101. Together with DRB1*1101, DRB1*0801 has been associated with several diseases including multiple sclerosis and primary biliary cirrhosis, which themselves are associated with cognitive impairment. We observed that both DRB1*0801 and DRB1*1101 were significantly associated with vocabulary ability (cross‐sectional and longitudinal scores) and that the effects were in opposite directions with DRB1*0801 associated with lower score and faster decline. This opposing affect is similar to that reported by other groups in systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, and primary biliary cirrhosis. DRB1*0801 was also significantly associated with reduced memory ability. We observed no associations between cognitive abilities and DRB1*01 or DRB1*12. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visible‐Light‐Catalyzed Direct Benzylic C(sp3)–H Amination Reaction by Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling
Authors: Pandey Ganesh , Laha Ramkrishna
Published: October 2015

A conceptually new and synthetically valuable cross‐dehydrogenative benzylic C(sp3)–H amination reaction is reported by visible‐light photoredox catalysis. This protocol employs DCA (9,10‐dicyanoanthracene) as a visible‐light‐absorbing photoredox catalyst and an amide as the nitrogen source without the need of either a transition metal or an external oxidant.
Macroscopic Graphene Fibers Directly Assembled from CVD‐Grown Fiber‐Shaped Hollow Graphene Tubes
Authors: Chen Tao , Dai Liming
Published: October 2015

Using a copper wire as the substrate for the CVD growth of a hollow multilayer graphene tube, we prepared a macroscopic porous graphene fiber by removing the copper in an aqueous mixture solution of iron chloride (FeCl3, 1 M) and hydrochloric acid (HCl, 3 M) and continuously drawing the newly released graphene tube out of the liquid. The length of the macroscopic graphene fiber thus produced is determined mainly by the length of the copper wire used. The resultant macroscopic graphene fiber with the integrated graphene structure exhibited a high electrical conductivity (127.3 S cm−1) and good flexibility over thousands bending cycles, showing great promise as flexible electrodes for wearable optoelectronics and energy devices—exemplified by its use as a flexible conductive wire for lighting a LED and a cathode in a fiber‐shaped dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with one of the highest energy conversion efficiencies (3.25 %) among fiber‐shaped DSSCs.