bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Kurikulum Pembelajaran di Masa Darurat
Authors: Munajim Ahmad , Barnawi Barnawi , Fikriyah Fikriyah
Published: March 2021

Dampak pandemi covid-19 di bidang pendidikan mengarah ke lost generation. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kebijakan pembelajaran terkait dampak pandemi covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah metode penelitian pustaka dengan merujuk pada regulasi kurikulum darurat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa kurikulum darurat memiliki fleksibilitas yang tinggi. Satuan pendidikan diberi ruang yang luas untuk mendesain struktur kurikulum, kegiatan pembelajaran, dan media pembelajaran dengan tetap berorientasi pada pengembangan pengetahuan, pengauatan karakter, dan peningkatan keterampilan dengan berangkat pada regulasi dan protokol kesehatan.
Project Based Learning as a Means of Entrepreneurship Values Education in Elementary School Children
Authors: Putri Dya Ayu Agustiana
Published: March 2021

Education is a process that produces qualified future generations who are ready to compete in facing the challenges of the times. The Central Statistics Agency (2020) explains that the total unemployment rate as of February 2020 is 6.88 million people, which shows that the Indonesian population still has a low interest in creating jobs. Entrepreneurial values need to be applied from an early age in order to train children's creativity in the entrepreneurial field. Based on this, the author aims to present ideas about entrepreneurial values education in elementary school age children through Project Based Learning. The method used is literature study by analyzing various related theories. The results obtained, Project Based Learning can change the mindset and prepare the next generation that is strong and mature. Elementary school children can have a vision and mission, as well as a clear and strong character as the values of entrepreneurship. Children constructively build deepening of learning with a project-based approach to real and relevant problems, and are associated with entrepreneurial values which include independent, creative, risk-taking, action-oriented, leadership, and hard working.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN WAKTU PENGADUKAN TERHADAP NILAI SLUMP DAN KUAT TEKAN BETON
Authors: ST Prihantono
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan waktu pengadukanterhadap kuat tekan beton dengan beton rancangan campuran fcâ€™ 22,5 MPa. dengan variasipengadukan standar, +10 menit, +20 menit +30 menit +40 menit +50 menit, +60 menit,+70menit, +80menit, dan +90menit terhadap kuat tekan beton.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium Uji Bahan PT Jaya Readymix Jakarta pada bulanMei-September 2008 dengan metode eksperimen sesuai dengan Standar NasionalIndonesia (SNI) .Berdasarkan hasil analisa rata-rata hitung, diketahui bahwa terdapat pengaruh yangsignifikan antara penambahan waktu pengadukan terhadap kuat tekan beton. Rata-rata kuattekan tertinggi terdapat pada beton dengan pengadukan standar yaitu 32,08 MPa. Danterendah terdapat pada beton dengan penambahan waku pengadukan selama 80 menityaitu 23,05 MPa.Rata-rata kuat tekan beton cenderung menurun seiring dengan penambahan waktupengadukan, ini menunjukan bahwa semakin lama beton mengalami pengadukan semakinrendah kuat tekannya. Dan rata-rata penurunan kuat tekan sebesar 14,26%.Dari hasil pengujian nilai slump yang didapat memiliki kecenderungan negatif. Dan rata-ratapenurunan nilai slumpnya adalah 1,28 cm.
STUDI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KAYU SENGON SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PAPAN SEMEN PARTIKEL
Authors: Barreto Apolonia Asteria , Bachtiar Gina , Nasution Nira
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah papan semen partikel denganmenggunakan limbah kayu sengon memenuhi persyaratan Cement-BondedParticle Boards International Standard (ISO 8335-1987). Penelitian ini dilakukan diFakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan November â€“ Desember2010. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen, dengan populasiadalah papan semen partikel yang menggunakan limbah kayu sengon.Sedangkan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah papan semen partikel limbah kayusengon.Hasil uji liliefors untuk normalitas pada taraf signifikan Î± = 0,01. Nilai rata-ratatertinggi untuk keteguhan lentur papan semen partikel pada arah x yaitu 52,86kg/cm2 dan untuk keteguhan lentur arah y yaitu 50, 95 kg/cm2.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah papan semen partikel yang menggunakanbahan campuran limbah kayu sengon memiliki nilai Keteguhan Lentur, Kerapatandan Kadar Air dibawah nilai standar ISO 8335-1987. Sedangkan nilaiPengembangan Tebalnya memenuhi standar ISO 8335-1987.
Diversidad y estructura genética de los peces de la cuenca del río Magdalena
Authors: Márquez Fernández Edna J. , Restrepo-Escobar Natialia , Yepes Acevedo Anny J , Narváez Barandica Juan C.
Published: March 2021

El conocimiento de la diversidad genética y la estructura poblacional son fundamentales para mejorar el manejo y conservación de los peces. La cuenca del Magdalena se destaca por una alta riqueza íctica que se aprovecha como recurso pesquero y acuícola, la cual contrasta con la cantidad de estudios de genética poblacional de su ictiofauna. Una revisión permitió identificar estudios genético-poblacionales en 14 especies nativas y dos exóticas, y en la última década, el desarrollo de loci microsatélites publicados para 13 de 17 especies. En general, la diversidad genética es alta para los “stocks” naturales de especies de interés pesquero; sin embargo, los coeficientes de endogamia también son altos en el bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae); el capaz (Pimelodus grosskopfii) y el barbudo (Pimelodus yuma). La mayoría de las especies de peces muestran flujo génico de uno o varios grupos genéticos que cohabitan en la misma área, excepto en algunos casos donde exhiben estructura genética a escalas geográficas locales (la sabaleta, Brycon henni) o regionales (B. henni, P. grosskopfii y P. yuma). Además, se desconocen los impactos ecológicos, genéticos y sanitarios de los repoblamientos y la introducción de especies exóticas en la ictiofauna nativa. La falta de datos históricos no permite evidenciar la pérdida de diversidad genética; y la ausencia de marcadores moleculares o inconsistencia en su uso, limitan las comparaciones entre los pocos estudios genéticos poblacionales publicados. Se discute la relevancia de continuar el desarrollo de loci de microsatélites específicos para las especies, principalmente las de mayor interés en las pesquerías y desarrollo acuícola. Esto puede brindar una oportunidad a corto plazo para evaluar el estado general de las especies de peces a una escala nacional y la pertinencia de replantear los programas de repoblamiento.
Servicios ecosistémicos generados por los peces de la cuenca del río Magdalena, Colombia
Authors: Valderrama-Barco Mauricio , Escobar-Cardona Jorge L. , Pardo-B. Raúl , Toro B. Melissa , Gutiérrez C. Juan C. , López-Casas Silvia
Published: March 2021

En este capítulo se identifican y describen los servicios ecosistémicos generados por las poblaciones de peces en la cuenca del río Magdalena. En lo concerniente a los servicios de aprovisionamiento se valora la pesca artesanal, junto con sus beneficios como el aporte al empleo y a la seguridad alimentaria, presentándose conjuntamente aspectos relacionados con servicios de abastecimiento relacionados con pesca recreativa y deportiva, recursos genéticos y piscicultura. En cuanto a los servicios de regulación y mantenimiento, se describen los aportes a la regulación en la dinámica de la red trófica y el balance de nutrientes, a la reducción de contaminantes, a la transformación de materia orgánica en los sistemas de interacción peces-hábitat, bioturbación, transporte de los nutrientes-carbón-minerales, energía y la dispersión de semillas, junto con control biológico de plagas y enfermedades tropicales. Con relación a los servicios culturales se contemplan los relacionados con interacciones físicas e intelectuales asociados con la demanda para la educación e información y conocimiento local, y aquellos asociados con interacciones espirituales y simbólicas. Se concluye que el grado de desarrollo actual del conocimiento en la cuenca subestima los servicios ecosistémicos brindados por los peces, se enfatiza en la necesidad de modificar los paradigmas de manejo tradicional y se presentan recomendaciones para propender por su materialización.
Using of Index Biological Integrity of Phytoplankton (P-IBI) in the Assessment of Water Quality in Don River Section
Authors: Bakaeva E.N , Al-Ghizzi Murooj Abbas Buhlool , Aljanabi Zahraa
Published: March 2021

The multimetric Phytoplankton Index of Biological Integrity (P-IBI) was applied throughout Rostov on Don city (Russia) on 8 Locations in Don River from April – October 2019. The P-IBI is composed from seven metrics: Species Richness Index (SRI), Density of Phytoplankton and total biomass of phytoplankton and Relative Abundance (RA) for blue-green Algae, Green Algae, Bacillariophyceae and Euglenaphyceae Algae. The average P-IBI values fell within the range of (45.09-52.4). Therefore, water throughout the entire study area was characterized by the equally "poor" quality. Negative points of anthropogenic impact detected at the stations are: Above the city of Rostov-on-Don (1 km, higher duct Aksai) was 38.57 in June, the lower inflow of the Temernik river  which was 38.57- 41.42 in summer and below the spillway was 38.57 -34.28 in August. At these stations, samples with P-IBI values more than 56, characterizing water quality as "Fair", were not found in any of the observations. The negative effect on the water at the stations may be due to the influence of the closely located Aksai city and the impact of the Temernik River. In Russia P-IBI have not been used yet, so this study can be considered as the first study that’s conducted to assess the environmental status of the Don River by using the phytoplankton index of Biological Integrity and has developed scoring criteria of the Don River (P-IBI) and other watercourses of the south of Russia. The continuous monitoring relaying on the selection of the most suitable metrics score is recommended.
The burden of musculoskeletal disorders in the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region of the World Health Organization (EMRO): Study period 2000-2017
Authors: Dizaj Jafar Yahyavi , Soleimanifar Manijeh , Hashempour Reza , Karyani Ali Kazemi , Mohsen Fateh , Zali Morad Esmaiel , Mirzaii Hiwa
Published: March 2021

Background: MSK health is imperative for the active participation of an individual in society and MSK related disorders more direly affects a person's quality of life compared other non-communicable disease while it also negatively effects the health system and economy of a country. The current manuscript analyzed and describes the disease burden of MSK disorders in the EMRO region.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study conducted based on data published by the Global Burden of Disease Database for MSK disorders up to 2017. The study target comprised population from all countries of the EMRO region of World Health Organization. The present study considered, MSK disorders such as (rheumatoid arthritis), (osteoarthritis), (Low back pain), (neck pain), (gout) and (other Musculoskeletal disorders. The DALY index was used to measure total disease burden.Results: MSK disorders in the world and in the EMRO region was ranked 5th (4% of total disease burden) and 7th (5% of total disease burden) among all diseases in 2017, respectively. Women over 30 years of age in the EMRO region had the highest risk of MSK disorders compared to other regions and in addition, the DALY lost in EMRO region due to MSK disorders was higher in women of all age categories than men. According to the results of this study, Low back pain, Other musculoskeletal disorders and Neck pain had the highest prevalence and burden of disease in the EMRO region and the world. Bahrain, Iran, and Morocco had the highest incidence of MSK DALY score in the EMRO region, and Somalia, Djibouti, and Afghanistan had the lowest incidence of MSK disorders and DALY score, respectively.Conclusion: With the increase in geriatric population and obesity especially in developing countries, consequently, more people tend to suffer from MSK disorders and it is predicted that this spike will continue in the coming decades. Taking in to account the high prevalence and burden of MSK disorders, forces government and health-policy makers to focus more on preventive cares and rehabilitation.
The Binding mechanism of Ivermectin and levosalbutamol with spike protein of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Saha Joyanta Kumar , Raihan Md. Jahir
Published: March 2021

In this study, we have investigated the binding mechanism of two FDA approved drugs (ivermectin and levosalbutamol) with the spike protein of SARs-CoV-2 using three different computational modeling techniques. Molecular docking results predict that ivermectin shows a large binding affinity for spike protein (-9.0 kcal/mol) compared to levosalbutamol (-4.1 kcal/mol). Ivermectin binds with GLN492, GLN493, GLY496 and TRY505 residues in the spike protein through hydrogen bonds and levosalbutamol binds with TYR453 and TYR505 residues. Using density functional theory (DFT) studies, we have calculated the binding energies between ivermectin and levosalbutamol with residues in spike protein which favor their binding are − 17.8 kcal/mol and − 20.08 kcal/mol, respectively. The natural bond orbital (NBO) charge analysis has been performed to estimate the amount of charge transfer that occurred by two drugs during interaction with residues. Molecular dynamics (MD) study confirms the stability of spike protein bound with ivermectin through RMSD and RMSF analyses. Three different computer modeling techniques reveal that ivermectin is more stable than levosalbutamol in the active site of spike protein where hACE2 binds. Therefore, ivermectin can be a suitable inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 to enter into the human cell through hACE2.
Outcome following Percutaneous Trans-hepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD) in carcinoma gallbladder: A prospective observational study
Authors: Subramani Vanji Nathan , Avudaiappan Mohanasundaram , Yadav Thakur Deen , Kumar Hemanth , Sharma Vishal , Mandavdhare Harshal , Gorsi Ujjwal , Singh Harjeet
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Percutaneous Biliary drainage (PTBD) is required as palliation and optimization for surgery or chemotherapy in carcinoma gallbladder (GBC) but may be associated with complications. We aimed to study the outcomes, complications and changes in quality of life in patients with GBC undergoing PTBD. Methods: A prospective study from July 2018 to December 2019 in patients of GBC presenting with obstructive jaundice was done. Patients planned for PTBD were included in the study. The progression of disease, complications of PTBD, re-interventions, effects on initiation or completion of chemotherapy, surgical resection or intervention, overall survival was recorded. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using SF–36 questionnaire before and after 4-6 weeks of intervention. Results: Of 160 patients assessed for inclusion, 60 (mean age: 53.7 ± 10.95 years, 27 (45 %) males) were eventually included. Eleven patients (18.3%) had metastatic disease at presentation. Of 60 patients undergoing PTBD, none had immediate procedure related complications, 41(68 %) patients had at-least one and 18 (30%) patients had more than one complication. The most common complication was peri-catheter bile leak (41.6%) followed by catheter dislodgement (30 %), blockage (23.3 %) and bleeding (10 %). Re-intervention was required in 32 (53 %) of patients. There was a significant decrease in QoL after PTBD (P<0.0001). Median survival after PTBD was 12 weeks.Conclusion: The high technical success of PTBD does not translate into the improvement of QoL, survival, and curative surgical treatment.
Nonlinear dynamic response of a Negative Stiffness-Shape Memory Alloy isolation system
Authors: Salvatore Andrea , Carboni Biagio , Lacarbonara Walter
Published: March 2021

The negative stiffness exhibited by bi-stable mechanisms together with tunable hysteresis in the context of vibration isolation devices can enhance the dynamic resilience of a structure. The effects of negative stiffness and shape memory alloy (SMA) damping in base-isolated structures are here explored by carrying out an extensive study of the nonlinear dynamic response via pathfollowing, bifurcation analysis, and time integration. The frequency-response curves of the isolated structure, with and without the negative stiffness contribution, are numerically obtained for different excitation amplitudes to construct the acceleration and displacement transmissibility curves. The advantages of negative stiffness, damping augmentation and reduced accelerations and displacements transmissibility, as well as the existence of rich bifurcation scenarios giving rise to quasi-periodicity and synchronization, are extensively illustrated.
Comparison Of FEA Simulations And Experimental Results For As-Built Additively Manufactured Dogbone Specimens
Authors: Baikerikar Prathamesh , Turner Cameron J
Published: March 2021

Parts built using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM – an additive manufacturing technology) differ from their design model in terms of their microstructure and material properties. These differences lead to a certain amount of ambiguity regarding the structure, strength and stiffness of the final FDM part. Increasing use of FDM parts as end use products, necessitates accurate simulations and analyses during part design. However, analysis methods such as Finite Element Analysis, are used for analysis of continuum models, and may not accurately represent the non-continuous non-linear FDM parts. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the accuracy and precision of FEA for FDM parts. The goal of this study is to compare FEA simulations of the as-built geometries with the experimental tests of actual FDM parts. Dogbone geometries that include different infill patterns are tested under tensile loading and later simulated using FEA. This study found that FEA results are not always an accurate or reliable means of predicting FDM part behaviors.
Role of asymptomatic bacteriuria on early periprosthetic joint infection after Hip Hemiarthroplasty. BARIFER randomized clinical trial.
Authors: Rodriguez-Pardo Dolors , Toro María Dolores Del , Carrión Laura Guio , Escudero Rosa , Fernández-Sampedro Marta , Viejo Miguel Ángel García , Arribas María Velasco , Soldevila-Boixader Laura , Femenias Magdalena , Iribarren José Antonio , Pulido-Garcia María del Carmen , Navarro Mª Dolores , Lung Mayli , Corona Pablo S , Almirante Benito , Pigrau Carles
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To evaluate preoperative asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) treatment on the reduction of early-periprosthetic joint infections (early-PJIs) after hip hemiarthroplasty (HHA) for fracture.Methods: Open-label, multicentre RCT comparing 3gr of fosfomycin-trometamol with non-treatment. A parallel follow-up cohort without ASB was established. Primary outcome: early-PJI within 3 months after HHA. Results: 594 patients enrolled (mean age 84.3years); 152(25%) with ASB (77 treated with fosfomycin and 75 controls) and 442(75%) without. ASB was not a predictor of early-PJI (OR:1.06[95%CI:0.33-3.38], p=0,9228) and its treatment did not modify early-PJI incidence (OR:1.03[95%CI:0.15-7.10], p=0.9787). Conclusions: Neither preoperative ASB nor its treatment were risk factors of early-PJI after HHA. Trial Registration: Eudra CT 2016-001108-47
Adaptive Resilient Control for Cyber-Physical Systems Against Unknown Injection Attacks in Sensor Networks☆
Authors: Ji Yuehui , Gao Qiang , Liu Junjin
Published: March 2021

An adaptive resilient control is concerned for a class of cyber-physical systems(CPSs) in presence of stealthy false data injection attack s in sensor networks and unknown strict-feedback nonlinear dynamics. As the sensors are attacked by ill-disposed hackers, the exactly measured state information is unavailable for state feedback control. After theory ratiocinations, the initial issue of false data injection attacks is transformed into nonlinear uncertainty dynamics and unknown control directions at the last step. At each step in the recursive backstepping control, extended state observers (ESOs) in active disturbance rejection control(ADRC) are investigated to approximate the lumped system uncertainties. Specially, the Nussbaum functions are introduced at the last step in the adaptive control. All the closed-loop signals are proved to be semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded by Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical simulations verify that the proposed control can afford favorable stabilization performance and counter false data injection attack.
Biological control of strawberry crown rot, root rot and grey mould by the beneficial fungus Aureobasidium pullulans
Authors: Iqbal Mudassir , Jamshaid Maha , Zahid Muhammad Awais , Andreasson Erik , Vetukuri Ramesh R. , Stenberg Johan A.
Published: March 2021

Utilization of biocontrol agents is a sustainable approach to reduce plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens. In the present study, we tested the effect of the candidate biocontrol fungus Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary) G. Armaud on strawberry under in vitro and in vivo conditions to control, crown rot, root rot and grey mould caused by Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert and Cohn) and Botrytis cinerea Pers respectively. A dual plate confrontation assay showed that mycelial growth of P. cactorum and B. cinerea was reduced by 33- 48% when challenged by A. pullulans as compared with control treatments. Likewise, detached leaf and fruit assays showed that A. pullulans significantly reduced necrotic lesion size on leaves and disease severity on fruits caused by P. cactorum and B. cinerea . In addition, greenhouse experiments with whole plants revealed enhanced biocontrol efficacy against root rot and grey mould when treated with A. pullulans either in combination with the pathogen or pre-treated with A. pullulans followed by inoculation of the pathogens. Our results demonstrate that A. pullulans is an effective biocontrol agent to control strawberry diseases caused by fungal pathogens and can be an effective alternative to chemical-based fungicides.
Engineering of super bactericidal cotton using pyridinium/di-N-chloramine siloxane with intensified synergism
Authors: Chen Yong , Wang Yuyu , Wang Zhendong , Zhang Qiang , Han Qiuxia
Published: March 2021

Tuning the ratio of complementary biocidal groups in a composite unit is proved to be a tactic to better minimize their weaknesses to realize higher synergism. A silane monomer, 6-(pyridin-4-yl)-3-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4-dione, with biocidal precursors of one pyridinium and two N-chloramine sites was synthesized, hydrolyzed and dehydrocondensed on cotton cellulose. Specially, isonicotinaldehyde was ammonolyzed with biuret to produce 6-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4-dione that subsequently reacted with (γ-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane to synthesize the silane monomer through nucleophilic substitution. The modifier on cotton was quaternized and chlorinated to transform the one pyridine and two amide N−H structures in each unit of the silicone to pyridinium and N-chloramine counterparts. The cationic pyridinium increases the hydrophilicity of the unit and electrically draws anionic bacteria to its two adjacent highly fatal N-chloramine sites, achieving a faster contact-killing rate than not only monofunctionality but also basic synergistic integration of one cationic center and one N-chloramine. This phenomenon is therefore referred to as “intensified synergism” and provides crucial information for the design of more powerful biocides. The pyridinium/di-N-chloramine silicone coating exhibited extraordinary durability towards UV irradiation, washing cycles and long-term storage due to the good UV resistance and chemical inertness of pyridinium and silicone backbone.
Eculizumab in Gemcitabine-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy: Experience of the French Thrombotic Microangiopathies Reference Centre
Authors: Grall Maximilien , Daviet Florence , Chiche Noémie Jourde , Provot François , Presne Claire , Coindre Jean-Philippe , Pouteil-Noble Claire , Karras Alexandre , Guerrot Dominique , François Arnaud , Benhamou Ygal , Veyradier Agnès , Frémeaux-Bacchi Véronique , Coppo Paul , Grangé Steven
Published: March 2021

Background
Gemcitabine is a broadly prescribed chemotherapy, the use of which can be limited by renal adverse events, including thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA).
Methods
This study evaluated the efficacy of eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the terminal complement pathway, in patients with gemcitabine-induced TMA (G-TMA). We conducted an observational, retrospective, multicenter study in 5 French centres, between 2011 and 2016.
Results
Twelve patients with a G-TMA treated by eculizumab were included. The main characteristics were acute renal failure (100%), including stage 3 acute kidney injury (AKI, 58%) and renal replacement therapy (17%), hypertension (92%) and diffuse oedema (83%). Eculizumab was started after a median of 15 days (range 4–44) following TMA diagnosis. A median of 4 injections of eculizumab was performed (range 2–22). Complete hematological remission was achieved in 10 patients (83%) and blood transfusion significantly decreased after only one injection of eculizumab (median of 3 packed red blood cells (range 0–10) before treatment vs 0 (range 0–1) after one injection, P < 0.001). Two patients recovered completely renal function (17%), and 8 achieved a partial remission (67%). Compared to a control group of G-TMA without use of eculizumab, renal outcome was more favourable. At the end of the follow up, median eGFR was 45 vs 33 ml/min/1.73m2 respectively in the eculizumab group and in the control group.
Conclusions
These results suggest that eculizumab is efficient on haemolysis and reduces transfusion requirement in G-TMA. Moreover, eculizumab may improve renal function recovery.
Nonlinear optical Hall effect in Weyl semimetal WTe2
Authors: Choi Young-Gwan , Doan Manh-Ha , Kim Youngkuk , Choi Gyung-Min
Published: March 2021

The ordinary Hall effect refers to generation of a transverse voltage upon exertion of an electric field in the presence of an out-of-plane magnetic field. While a linear Hall effect is commonly observed in systems with breaking time-reversal symmetry via an applied external magnetic field or their intrinsic magnetization1, 2, a nonlinear Hall effect can generically occur in non-magnetic systems associated with a nonvanishing Berry curvature dipole3. Here we report, observations of a nonlinear optical Hall effect in a Weyl semimetal WTe2 without an applied magnetic field at room temperature. We observe an optical Hall effect resulting in a polarization rotation of the reflected light, referred to as the nonlinear Kerr rotation. The nonlinear Kerr rotation linearly depends on the charge current and optical power, which manifests the fourth-order nonlinearity. We quantitatively determine the fourth-order susceptibility, which exhibits strong anisotropy depending on the directions of the charge current and the light polarization. Employing symmetry analysis of Berry curvature multipoles, we demonstrate that the nonlinear Kerr rotations can arise from the Berry curvature hexapole allowed by the crystalline symmetries of WTe2. There also exist marginal signals that are incompatible with the symmetries, which suggest a hidden phase associated with the nonlinear process.
Rake Angle Effects on Ultrasonic-Assisted Edge Trimming of Multidirectional CFRP Laminates
Authors: Helmy Mohamed , El-Hofy Hassan , Sasahara Hiroyuki , El-Hofy Mohamed
Published: March 2021

Machining of CFRP composites is a process frequently accompanied with adverse effects on machined surface. The geometry of the cutting tool, linked primarily to influencing the cutting mechanism, could largely influence the induced damage. An optimum combination of tool material and geometry could improve the cut quality and prolong the tool life. This article investigates the effect of using tools having different rake angles in an ultrasonic-assisted edge trimming operation when cutting multidirectional CFRP laminates. A full-factorial experimental design was adopted to analyse the effect of parameters typically cutting speed, feed rate, rake angle, amplitude, and their interactions on machining performance indicators captured which were the cutting forces, tool wear, chip temperature, and surface roughness. The results showed that UAM mode contributed to the increase in cutting forces, tool wear, and chip temperature compared to conventional mode. On the other hand, UAM mode improved the quality of the machined surface. Additionally, the ultrasonic mode enhances the material removal mechanism using a tool with a negative rake angle.
Graphene Oxide Encapsulated Forsterite Scaffolds: Synergistic Influences on Mechanical Properties and Antibacterial Behavior 
Authors: Najafinezhad A. , Bakhsheshi-Rad H. R. , Saberi A. , Nourbakhsh A. A. , Daroonparvar M. , Ismail Ahmad , Sharif Safian , RamaKrishna Seeram , Berto F.
Published: March 2021

It is very desirable to have good antibacterial properties and mechanical properties at the same time for bone scaffolds. Graphene oxide (GO) can increase the mechanical properties and antibacterial performance, while forsterite (Mg2SiO4) as the matrix can increase forsterite/GO scaffolds' biological activity for bone tissue engineering. Interconnected porous forsterite scaffolds were developed by space holder processes for bone tissue engineering in this research. The forsterite/GO scaffolds had a porosity of 77-80%. The mechanism of the mechanical strengthening, antibacterial activity, and cellular function of the forsterite/GO scaffold was evaluated. The findings show that the compressive strength of forsterite/1wt.% GO scaffold was significantly increased, in comparison to forsterite scaffolds without GO. Validation of the samples' bioactivity was attained by forming a hydroxyapatite layer (HAp) on the forsterite/GO surface within in vitro immersion test. The results of cell viability demonstrated that synthesized forsterite scaffolds with low GO did not show cytotoxicity and enhanced cell proliferation. Antibacterial tests showed that the antibacterial influence of forsterite/GO scaffold was strongly correlated with GO concentration. The scaffold encapsulated with 2wt.% GO had the highest bacterial inhibition. As results show, the produced forsterite/1wt.% GO can be an attractive option for bone tissue engineering.
Non-Proteinuric Preeclampsia: Prevalence, Factors Associated and End-Organ Dysfunction at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in Southwestern Uganda  
Authors: Owaraganise Asiphas , Ssalongo Wasswa GM , Tibaijuka Leevan , Kayondo Musa , Twesigomwe Godfrey , Ngonzi Joseph , Lugobe Henry M
Published: March 2021

Background: Formerly, preeclampsia was only diagnosed if high blood pressure and proteinuria were present in a gravid woman at or past 20 gestation weeks. Although it is possible to have preeclampsia yet never have proteinuria, the literature on how common and factors associated with non-proteinuric preeclampsia as well as whether the frequency of end-organ dysfunction among women with non-proteinuric differs from those with proteinuric pre-eclampsia is scant.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of, factors associated with non-proteinuric preeclampsia, and compare the frequency of end-organ dysfunction between women with non-proteinuric and proteinuric preeclampsia.Methods: Between November 2019 and May 2020, women with pre-eclampsia were consecutively enrolled in a cross-sectional study at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. We interviewed all pregnant women ≥20 gestation weeks presenting with hypertension ≥140/90mmHg and recorded their socio-demographic, medical, and obstetric characteristics. We excluded women with chronic hypertension and pregnancy hypertension. We measured bedside proteinuria on clean-catch urine, complete blood count, and renal function and liver enzyme tests. Pre-eclampsia was defined as hypertension plus any feature of severity including <100,000 platelets/ul, creatinine >1.1g/dl, and liver transaminases ≥ twice upper normal limit with or without proteinuria. We computed the proportion of total participants with non-proteinuric pre-eclampsia at ≤+2 urine dipstick cut-off, determined the factors associated with non-proteinuric preeclampsia using logistic regression; and used Chi-square test to compare the frequency of end-organ dysfunction between non-proteinuric preeclampsia and proteinuric groups.Results: We enrolled 134 of the screened 136 participants. Their mean age was 26.9 (SD±7.1) years and 51.5% were primigravid. The prevalence of non-proteinuric preeclampsia was 24.6% (95% CI: 17.9-32.7). Primigravidity (aOR 2.70 95%CI:1.09-6.72, p=0.032) was the factor independently associated with non-proteinuric pre-eclampsia. There was a non-significant difference in the frequency of end-organ dysfunction in women with non-proteinuric and proteinuric pre-eclampsia, p=0.309.Conclusion: Non-proteinuric preeclampsia is common, especially among primigravidae. End-organ dysfunction occurs similarly in women with non-proteinuric and proteinuric preeclampsia. Obstetrics care providers should emphasize laboratory testing, beyond proteinuria, among all women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy to optimally diagnose and manage non-proteinuric preeclampsia.
Comparative Exome Capture Methods to Investigate Genes Involved in Hypopituitarism in a Brazilian Population
Authors: Benedetti Anna Flavia Figueredo , Ma Qiany , Li Jun , Ozel Ayse Bilge , Camper Sally , Mendonca Berenice Bilharinho , Lerario Antonio Marcondes , Tahira Ana Carolina , Carvalho Luciani Renata
Published: March 2021

Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) has been a useful tool to improve molecular diagnosis in hypopituitarism, leading to the discovery of at least 8 new genes in the last 7 years. However, some genes associated with hypopituitarism show low coverage in this methodology, limiting its use for molecular diagnosis. Our objective is to compare three library prepping kits, NimbleGen (Roche), SureSelect (Agilent) and Nextera (Illumina) examining the best performance related to sequencing quality, exon extension coverage (≥98%) and base depth read (≥20x) of 44 genes associated with hypopituitarism and 32 involved in pituitary development. Three different groups composed of 2 HapMap samples (Group 1), 2 Brazilian patients with hypopituitarism and their respective mothers (Group 2) and 109 random Brazilian samples (Group 3) were sequenced in Illumina platform. Group 1 and 3 were performed using all three library prepping kits, while group 2 was performed with NimbleGen and SureSelect. Although all technologies covered the selected genes with similar efficiency regarding poor (less than 20%) and rich (more than 80%) GC areas, SureSelect has shown to reach the most uniform coverage in the selected region with a lower level of duplicate reads, as well as a higher number of identified pathogenic variants.
A novel role for CCR3 in brain T-cell infiltration and cognition in aging
Authors: Teichert Arnaud , Rege Sanket , Masumi Juliet , Akrapongpisak Lily , Hackbart Hannah , Dhande Onkar , Caryotakis Sofia , Leone Dino , Szoke Balazs , Hannestad Jonas , Nikolich Karoly , Braithwaite Steven , Minami S.
Published: March 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
STING and cGAS Gene Expressions Were Downregulated Among HIV-1-Infected Persons After Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: de Lima Lorena Letícia Peixoto , de Oliveira Allysson Quintino Tenório , Moura Tuane Carolina Ferreira , Amoras Ednelza da Silva Graça , Lima Sandra Souza , Silva Andréa Nazaré Monteiro Rangel da , Queiroz Maria Alice Freitas , Cayres-Vallinoto Izaura Maria Vieira , Ishak Ricardo , Vallinoto Antonio Carlos Rosário
Published: March 2021

Background: The HIV-1 epidemic is still considered a global public health problem, but great advances have been made in fighting it by antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART has a considerable impact on viral replication and host immunity. The production of type I interferon (IFN) is key to the innate immune response to viral infections. The STING and cGAS proteins have proven roles in the antiviral cascade. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of ART on innate immunity, which was represented by STING and cGAS gene expression and plasma IFN-α level. Methods: This cohort study evaluated a group of 33 individuals who were initially naïve to therapy and who were treated at a reference center and reassessed 12 months after starting ART. Gene expression levels and viral load were evaluated by real-time PCR, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts by flow cytometry, and IFN-α level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: From before to after ART, the CD4+ T cell count and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio significantly increased (p < 0.0001), the CD8+ T cell count slightly decreased, and viral load decreased to undetectable levels in most of the group (84.85%). The expression of STING and cGAS significantly decreased (p = 0.0034 and p = 0.0001, respectively) after the use of ART, but IFN-α did not (p = 0.1558). Among the markers evaluated, the only markers that showed a correlation with each other were STING and CD4+ T at the time of the first collection.Conclusions: ART provided immune recovery and viral suppression to the studied group and indirectly downregulated the STING and cGAS genes. In contrast, ART did not influence IFN-α. The expression of STING and cGAS was not correlated with the plasma level of IFN-α, which suggests that there is another pathway regulating this cytokine in addition to the STING–cGAS pathway.
Neuroprotection of Extracellular Vesicles From Human Adipose Stem Cells Intranasally Administered 24 Hours After Stroke In Rats
Authors: Rohden Francieli , Teixeira Luciele Varaschini , Bernardi Luis Pedro , Ferreira Pâmela Cristina Lukasewicz , Colombo Mariana , Teixeira Geciele Rodrigues , Oliveira Fernanda dos Santos de , Lima Elizabeth Obino Cirne , Guma Fátima Rodrigues , Souza Diogo Onofre
Published: March 2021

Ischemic stroke is a prominent cause of death and disability, demanding for innovative and reachable therapeutic strategies. Thus, approaches presenting optimal period for therapeutic intervention and new routes of treatments administration as promising tools for stroke treatment. In this study, we evaluated the potential neuroprotective properties of nasally administration of human adipose tissue stem cells (hAT-MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), obtained from healthy individuals submitted to liposuction. A single intranasal EVs (200 µg/Kg) administration performed 24 h after a focal permanent ischemic stroke in rats. Was observed a higher tropism of EVs by peri-infarct zone, surrounding the infarct core. Interestingly, in the same brain region, was observed a significant decrease in the volume of the infarct, improvement the blood-brain barrier and re-stabilization of vascularization. In addition, EVs recover the impairment on long-term motor and behavioral performance induced by ischemic stroke. Surprisingly, one single intranasal EVs administration reestablished: i) front paws symmetry; ii), short- and long-term memory; iii) anxiety-like behavior. In keeping with this, our work highlights hAT-MSC-derived EVs as a promising therapeutic strategy in stroke.
Silver Oxide Nanostructure: a Study on Physical Properties at Different Chemical Interaction Time
Authors: salim evan T. , Awayiz Muntadher Talib
Published: March 2021

Chemical bath deposition method was employed for the deposition of smooth quantum size Ag2O nanostructure thin film on glass substrate at three different chemical interaction times. The structural properties shows the demonstration of Ag2O cubic structure at (002) diffraction plane. Optical properties reflect the dependence of energy gab on the interaction time with moderate band gab energy of about 2.25eV.Other physical properties such as SEM, AFM, was also investigated.
An Artificial Neural Network approach for parametric study on Welding Defect Classification
Authors: HO mei po , NGAI Wing-kit , CHAN Tai-wing , WAI Hon-wah
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a welding defect prediction model has been developed and investigated through training an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based model. The input data were three welding process measurements (Welding current, Travel speed, and Protective gas Flow). The output data were non-destructive test results of respective weldments on four defect types (Underfill, Lack of penetration, Incomplete fusion, and Porosity) to ensure the consistency of the welding following the designed parameters, all data were obtained from 289 specimens produced by an automated MIG welding manufacturing system. The 2-stages model with 13 inputs, hidden layers with 80–100 neurons, 4 outputs. the outputs were used to evaluate the classification accuracy in the confusion matrix for the prediction of weld quality. A further 73 specimens were used to test the accuracy of the trained ANN model. The model achieved 85% accuracy.
Investigation Structure and Properties of Wire From The Alloy of Al-rem System Obtained With The Application of Casting in The Electromagnetic Mold, Combined Rolling-Extruding and Drawing
Authors: Sidelnikov Sergey Borisovich , Voroshilov Denis Sergeevich , Motkov Mikhail Mikhaylovich , Timofeev Viktor Nikolaevich , Konstantinov Igor Lazarevich , Dovzhenko Nikolay Nikolaevich , Lopatina Ekaterina Sergeevna , Bespalov Vadim Mikhaylovich , Sokolov Ruslan Evgenyevich , Mansurov Yulbarskhon Nabievich , Voroshilova Marina Vladimirovna
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the results of studies of the structure and properties of a wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm from an alloy of the Al-REM system with a rare-earth metal content of 7-9%. Wire obtained as a result of the implementation of the technology of its manufacture using the methods of casting into an electromagnetic mold (EMM), continuous extruding and drawing.The rheological properties of the metal of continuously cast round billets from the experimental alloy obtained using an electromagnetic mold are determined. The modeling and analytical assessment of the possibility of carrying out the process of combined rolling-extruding (CRE) of such billets in a closed box-type roll groove of a continuous extruding unit are carried out. The features of metal shaping have been studied. The temperature-speed and technological parameters was found at which the CRE process can be carried out in a stable mode of operation. Data have been obtained for the forces acting on the die and rolls and the moments on the rolls during rolling-extruding.The results of experimental studies of the process of obtaining longish deformed semi-finished products from an experimental alloy on the laboratory unit CRE-200 and the pilot plant unit CRE-400 are presented. The structure of the metal has been studied; data on the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, relative elongation, and electrical resistivity of hot-extruded rods and wires in cold-worked and annealed states have been obtained.It was found that the proposed processing modes make it possible to obtain by the method of combined rolling-extruding rods with a diameter of 9 mm in industrial conditions from longish billets with a diameter of 18 mm, cast by means of EMM. Wire in a cold-worked and annealed state with a diameter of 0.5 obtained by drawing from the rods with a diameter of 9 mm from an experimental alloy of the Al-REM system containing 7-9 rare earth metals with the required physical and mechanical properties.
Clinical effect analysis of laminectomy alone and laminectomy with instrumentation in the treatment of TOLF: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Wang Zhe Wei , Wang Zheng , Zhou Yan Hong , Sun Jia Yuan , Ding Wen Yuan , Yang Dalong
Published: March 2021

Background To explore the clinical effect of laminectomy alone and laminectomy with instrumentation in the treatment of TOLF.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of 142 patients with TOLF and laminectomy in the Spine surgery of the XXX Medical University from January 2003 to January 2018. According to whether the laminectomy was combined with instrumentation, the patients were divided into two groups: group A (laminectomy alone LA, n = 77) and group B (laminectomy with instrumentation LI, n = 65). Comparison possible influencing factors of demographic variables and operation-related variables between the two groups. In this study, the clinical effects of laminectomy alone and laminectomy with instrumentation in the treatment of TOLF were discussed. Thus to explore the clinical effect of LA and LI in the treatment of TOLF.Results In terms of demographics, there was a statistically significant difference in BMI between group A and Group B (P < 0.05). The differences in Age, Sex, Smoking, Drinking, Heart disease, Hypertension and Diabetes were not statistically significant (P༞0.05). In terms of preoperative symptoms, there was significant difference in Gait disturbance, Pain in LE,Urination disorder between group A and group B (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in other variables between the two groups (P > 0.05). In terms of operation-related variables, there was significant difference in Preoperative duration of symptoms, Intramedullary signal change on MRI, Dural ossification, Residual rate of cross-sectional spinal canal area on CT, Shape on the sgittal MRI, Operation time, Pre-mJOA, Post-mJOA at 1 year,Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid between group A and group B (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in other variables between the two groups (P > 0.05). The preoperative average JOA score of group A was 6.37, and that of group B was 5.19. In group A, the average JOA score at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after surgery was 7.87, 8.23 and 8.26, respectively, and the average JOA score improvement rate was 32.79%, 38.32% and 38.53%, respectively. In group B, the average JOA score at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after surgery was 7.74, 8.15 and 8.29, respectively, and the average JOA score improvement rate was 39.15%, 46.86% and 47.12%, respectively.Conclusions Currently, there was no consensus on whether instrumentation is needed after laminectomy for TOLF. We found that for patients with long duration of Gait disturbance, Urination disorder, Preoperative duration of symptoms, Intramedullary signal change on MRI, Dural ossification, Residual rate of cross-sectional spinal canal area on CT less than 60%, Shape on the sgittal MRI as Beak and low Pre-mJOA had better clinical effect after LI than that LA, and the incidence of perioperative complications was lower.