bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Interwar Television on
Display
Authors: Weber Anne-Katrin
Published: April 2022

From the late 1920s onwards, television display in public space became a
frequent attraction that introduced the new technology to a mass audience.
Constituting a mediating link between the inventors’ workshop and
(future) media consumers, exhibitions shaped the medium’s meaning
before its broad distribution. This introductory chapter discusses the
methodological and historiographical frameworks necessary to grasp this
entangled history of television and exhibition culture from a transnational
perspective. It discusses the shift away from the canonized Bazinian
formula of ‘What is television?’ to the question of ‘Where is television?’,
which is necessary to analyse television on display. Drawing attention to
new sources documenting the objects shown, and new questions – why
and how would someone display TV? – the introduction finally argues
that there is as much to be learned from television before than television
after TV.
Perceived health status of geriatric population living in old age homes and their access to health care facilities
Authors: Sabha Najam Ul , Ghani Mansoor , Kausar Samina , Kausar Firdos , Qamar Mahpara
Published: April 2022

Background and Objective: The elderly face various health challenges in later life as their immune defenses deteriorate leaving them quite vulnerable and frail. The situation becomes all the more desperate when the basic health support system is compromised or simply unavailable. This study has been conducted to assess the perceived health status of residents of local old-age homes and their access to available health services.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 119 elderly subjects living in old age homes (OAHs) in Lahore city of Pakistan. Using the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire, health-related outcomes of the geriatric population were assessed under eight domains while a self-structured questionnaire was used to determine the level of available health care facilities.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 69.88 ± 5.08 years The lowest mean score is observed in the pain domain i.e., 19.20 ± 12.12, whereas a little better score has been seen for emotional well-being i.e., (58.28 ± 26.58). Insufficient health care services have been regarded as a major issue for the elderly face in OAHs.
Conclusion: The elderly population living in OAHs suffer from poor health status and face multiple barriers to accessing basic health care facilities.
Glymphatics and brain fog – the post-COVID-19 phenomenon
Authors: Bukhari Mulazim Hussain , Liaqat Shumaila , Naseem Nadia
Published: April 2022

Since the COVID-19 pandemic and now since the vaccination has emerged as a success, many new signs and symptoms are being observed. Although most people with COVID-19 get better within weeks of illness, there is a wide range of new, relapsing, or ongoing health problems that many people may experience for weeks or more after being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19. Even people who did not have symptoms when they were infected can have post-COVID conditions. The most commonly reported of these symptoms are related to the neurological system, including brain fog, fatigue, anxiety, anosmia, and depression. The role of glymphatics in post-COVID brain fog is a widely studied phenomenon. This review will also explore the possible etio-pathogenesis of brain fog in post-COVID-19 patients.
Developing a culture towards medical journalism
Authors: Ghafoor Sarah
Published: April 2022

A letter to Editor Biomedica has been written to congratulate and highlight the importance of programs on journalistic writing among Health professional. A disconnect between public and health delivery system and healthcare providers can be avoided if medical professionals become involved in writing for community and masses. 
ŞUHÂNE TARZ BAĞLAMINDA SEVGİLİNİN RUHSAL DÖNÜŞÜMÜ VE TAVIR DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ
Authors: SEVİMLİ Erdem
Published: April 2022

Divan şiirinde sevgili, çoğunlukla fiziksel yönleri ile tasvir edilmiştir. Ancak divanlara bakıldığında bu sevgilinin fiziksel nitelikleri yanında ruhsal yönlerinin de betimlendiği görülmektedir. Bu durum, şuhâne tarz doğrultusunda yazılmış şiirlerde daha belirgindir. Böyle şiirlerde sevgilinin bütün hercai yönlerini sergilediği görülmektedir. Bunlar; âşığına buseyi eksik etmeme ve sarılmayı âdet hâline getirme, âşığı ile sürekli sîne-be-sîne/göğüs göğüse bulunma, âşığıyla şarap içip eğlenme, farklı âşıklarla gönül eğlendirme ve âşıklarını aldatma, kimi zaman da âşığı için endişelenme ve ağlama gibi nitelikleridir. Ayrıca sevgili, âşığına karşı oldukça pervasız davranmakta, karşısında denize girme ve soyunma gibi davranışları da sergileyebilmektedir. Rakibi bir kenara iterek âşığına her türlü kur ve işveyi esirgemeyen, âşığının koynunda misafir olma süresini çoğu kez uzatan sevgilinin bu rahat ve teklifsizce tavırları, onun ruhsal yapısını gözler önüne sermeleri yönüyle dikkat çekicidir. Bu çalışmada, sevgilinin fiziksel nitelikleri yanında yeterince değinilmeyen ruhsal nitelikleri şuhâne tarz bağlamında betimlenecektir.
Pertuzumab (Perjeta)
Authors: Reimbursement Team
Published: April 2022

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.

The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.

This review assesses pertuzumab (Perjeta), 420 mg/14 mL vial for IV infusion.

Indication: In combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy for neoadjuvant treatment of patients with HER2-positive, locally advanced, inflammatory, or early-stage breast cancer (either > 2 cm in diameter or node-positive).
PENINGKATAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP SISTEM GERAK PADA MANUSIA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STUDENT FACILITATOR AND EXPLAINING PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI IPA 2 SMA NEGERI 2 UNGARAN
Authors: SYAMSIDAR NORA
Published: April 2022

First, students' motivation to learn the subject is low, lacks confidence to be able to master the concept and finds it difficult. Second, teaching and learning activities in the classroom are still teacher-centered (teacher concerned), students listen more and take notes on the material presented by the teacher. Have not used the environment and newspaper news information as a source of learning. Likewise, the interaction between students in a study group is still lacking. The formulation of this research problem is how to master concepts, how to improve learning outcomes and how to increase creativity. This study uses 2 cycles. The results of the research in the pre-cycle of students who completed only 13 children and the percentage of achievement was 65.5%. In cycle 1, the students who completed were 17 children and the percentage of achievement was 69%. In cycle 3, there was a rapid increase, namely 100% of students completed with an achievement percentage of 79%. The conclusion is that with class action, namely the use of the student facilitator and explaining learning model, it can improve students' mastery of concepts, especially class XI IPA 2 SMA Negeri 2 Ungaran.
ABSTRAKPertama, motivasi siswa untuk mempelajari pokok bahasan tersebut rendah, kurang percaya diri untuk bisa menguasai konsep dan menganggap sulit. Kedua, Kegiatan belajar mengajar di dalam kelas masih berpusat pada guru (teacher concered), siswa lebih banyak mendengar dan mencatat materi yang disampaikan guru. Belum memanfaatkan lingkungan dan informasi berita surat kabar sebagai sumber belajar. Demikian pula interaksi antar siswa dalam suatu kelompok belajar masih kurang, Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana menguasai konsep, bagaimana meningkatkan hasil belajar dan bagaimana meningkatkan kreativitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 siklus, Hasil penelitian pada pra siklus peserta didik yang tuntas hanya 13 anak dan prosentase ketercapaian 65,5 %. Pada siklus 1 peserta didik yang tuntas menjadi 17 anak dan prosentase ketercapaian 69 %. Pada siklus 3 mengalami peningkatan yang pesat yaitu 100% peserta didik tuntas dengan prosentase ketercapaian 79 %. Kesimpulan bahwa dengan adanya tindakan kelas yaitu penggunaan model pempelajaran student facilitator and explaining dapat meningkatkan penguasaan konsep peserta didik khususnya kelas XI IPA 2 SMA Negeri 2 ungaran.
Chemical evolution of secondary organic aerosol tracers during high PM2.5 episodes at a suburban site in Hong Kong over 4 months of continuous measurement
Authors: Wang Qiongqiong , Wang Shan , Cheng Yuk Ying , Chen Hanzhe , Zhang Zijing , Li Jinjian , Gu Dasa , Wang Zhe , Yu Jian Zhen
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) makes a sizable contribution to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution, especially during episodic hours. Past studies of SOA evolution at episode-scale mainly rely on measurements of bulk SOA mass and few studies probe individual SOA molecular tracers. In this study, we continuously monitored at a bihourly resolution SOA tracers specific to a few common volatile organic compound (VOC) precursors at a suburban site in Hong Kong for four-month from the end of Aug. to Dec. 2020. The SOA molecules include tracers for SOA derived from biomass burning emissions, monoaromatics, naphthalene/methylnaphthalenes, and three biogenic VOCs (i.e., isoprene, monoterpene and sesquiterpene). Generally, the SOA tracers showed regional characteristics for both anthropogenic and biogenic SOA, as well as the biomass burning-derived SOA. This work focused on the seasonal variation and evolution characteristics of SOA tracers during eleven city-wide PM2.5 episodes, which are defined to be periods of PM2.5 exceeding 35 μg/m3 at three or more of the 15 general air quality monitoring stations cross the city. Mass increment ratios (MIR), calculated as the ratio of mass concentration between before and during an episode, were examined for individual species in each episode. During most episodes, the SOA tracers were enhanced in their concentrations (i.e., MIR > 1) and maximum MIR values were in the range of 5.5–11.0 for SOA tracers of different precursors. Episodes on summer and fall days showed notably larger MIR values than those falling on winter days, indicating a higher importance of SOA to formation of summer/fall PM2.5 episodes. Simultaneous monitoring of six tracers for isoprene SOA revealed the dominance of the low-NOx pathway in forming isoprene SOA in our study region. The multiple monoterpene SOA products suggested fresher SOA in winter, evidenced by an increased presence of the early generation products. The current study has shown by example the precursor-specific SOA chemical evolution characteristics during PM2.5 episodes in different seasons. This study also suggests the necessity to apply the high time resolution organic marker measurement at multiple sites to fully capture the spatial heterogeneity of the haze pollution at the city scale.
Formation of ice particles through nucleation in the mesosphere
Authors: Tanaka Kyoko K. , Mann Ingrid , Kimura Yuki
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Observations of polar mesospheric clouds have revealed the presence of solid ice particles in the upper mesosphere at high latitudes; however, their formation mechanism remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the formation process of ice particles through nucleation from small amounts of water vapor at low temperatures. Previous studies that used classical nucleation theory have shown that amorphous solid water particles can nucleate homogeneously at conditions that are present in the mesosphere. However, the rate predictions for water in classical nucleation theory disagree with experimental measurements by several orders of magnitude. We adopted a semi-phenomenological model for the nucleation process, which corrects the evaluation of the molecular cluster formation energy using the second virial coefficient, which agrees with both experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. To calculate the nucleation process, we applied atmospheric conditions for the temperature, pressure, numerical density of dust grains, and cooling rate. The results indicate that homogeneous water nucleation is extremely unlikely to occur in the mesosphere, while heterogeneous nucleation occurs effectively. Dust grains generated by meteor ablation can serve as nuclei for heterogeneous nucleation. We also showed that the ice can form directly in a crystalline state, rather than an amorphous state.
Improved ozone monitoring by ground-based FTIR spectrometry
Authors: García Omaira Elena , Sanromá Esther , Schneider Matthias , Hase Frank , León-Luis Sergio Fabián , Blumenstock Thomas , Sepúlveda Eliezer , Redondas Alberto , Carreño Virgilio , Torres Carlos , Prats Natalia
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Accurate observations of atmospheric ozone (O3) are essential to monitor in detail its key role in atmospheric chemistry. The present paper examines the performance of different O3 retrieval strategies from FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometry by using the 20-year time series of the high-resolution solar spectra acquired from 1999 to 2018 at the subtropical Izaña Observatory (IZO, Spain) within NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change). In particular, the effects of two of the most influential factors have been investigated: the inclusion of a simultaneous atmospheric temperature profile fit and the spectral O3 absorption lines used for the retrievals (the broad spectral region of 1000–1005 cm−1 and single micro-windows between 991 and 1014 cm−1). Additionally, the water vapour (H2O) interference in O3 retrievals has been evaluated, with the aim of providing an improved O3 strategy that minimises its impact and, therefore, could be applied at any NDACC FTIR station under different humidity conditions. The theoretical and experimental quality assessments of the different FTIR O3 products (total column (TC) amounts and volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles) provide consistent results. Combining a simultaneous temperature retrieval with the optimal selection of single O3 micro-windows results in superior FTIR O3 products, with a precision of better than 0.6 %–0.7 % for O3 TCs as compared to coincident NDACC Brewer observations taken as a reference. However, this improvement can only be achieved provided the FTIR spectrometer is properly characterised and stable over time. For unstable instruments, the temperature fit is found to exhibit a strong negative influence on O3 retrievals due to the increase in the cross-interference between the temperature retrieval and instrumental performance (given by the instrumental line shape function and measurement noise), which leads to a worsening of the precision of FTIR O3 TCs of up to 2 %. This cross-interference becomes especially noticeable beyond the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere, as documented theoretically as well as experimentally by comparing FTIR O3 profiles to those measured using electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) sondes within NDACC. Consequently, it should be taken into account for the reliable monitoring of the O3 vertical distribution, especially over long-term timescales.
Modeling the growth and sporulation dynamics of the macroalga Ulva in mixed-age populations in cultivation and the formation of green tides
Authors: Obolski Uri , Wichard Thomas , Israel Alvaro , Golberg Alexander , Liberzon Alexander
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Ulva is a widespread green algal genus with important ecological roles and
promising potential as a seagriculture crop. One of the major challenges
when cultivating Ulva is sudden biomass disappearance, likely caused by
uncontrolled and unpredicted massive sporulation. However, the dynamics of
this process are still poorly understood. In this study, we propose a
mathematical model describing the biomass accumulation and degradation of
Ulva, considering the potential impact of sporulation inhibitors. We developed a
differential equation model describing the time evolution of Ulva biomass. Our
model simulates biomass in compartments of different Ulva “age” classes, with
varying growth and sporulation rates. Coupled with these classes is a
differential equation describing the presence of a sporulation inhibitor,
produced and secreted by the algae. Our model mimics observed Ulva dynamics. We
present Ulva's biomass accumulation under different initial algae
population, age distributions and sporulation rates. Furthermore, we
simulate water replacement, effectively depleting the sporulation inhibitor,
and examine its effects on Ulva's biomass accumulation. The model
developed in this work is the first step towards understanding the dynamics
of Ulva growth and degradation. Future work refining and expanding our results
should prove beneficial to the ecological research and industrial growth of
Ulva.
Temperature sensitivity of dark CO2 fixation in temperate forest soils
Authors: Akinyede Rachael , Taubert Martin , Schrumpf Marion , Trumbore Susan , Küsel Kirsten
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Globally, soil temperature to 1 m depth is predicted to be up to 4 °C warmer by the end of this century, with pronounced effects expected in temperate forest regions. Increased soil temperatures will potentially increase the release of CO2 from temperate forest soils, resulting in important positive feedback on climate change. Dark CO2 fixation by microbes can recycle some of the released soil CO2, and CO2 fixation rates are reported to increase under higher temperatures. However, research on the influence of temperature on dark CO2 fixation rates, particularly in comparison to the temperature sensitivity of respiration in soils of temperate forest regions is missing. To determine the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of dark CO2 fixation and respiration rates, we investigated soil profiles to 1 m depth from beech (deciduous) and spruce (coniferous) forest plots of the Hummelshain forest, Germany. We used 13C-CO2 labelling and incubations of soils at 4 and 14 °C to determine CO2 fixation and net soil respiration rates and derived the Q10 values for both processes with depth. The average Q10 for dark CO2 fixation rates normalized to soil dry weight was 2.07 for beech and spruce profiles, and this was lower than the measured average Q10 of net soil respiration rates with ~2.98. Assuming these Q10 values, we extrapolated that net soil respiration might increase 1.16 times more than CO2 fixation under a projected 4 °C warming. In the beech soil, a proportionally larger fraction of the label CO2 was fixed into soil organic carbon than into microbial biomass compared to the spruce soil. This suggests primarily higher turnover (i.e. growth and death) of microbial cells, and we speculate that this is related to lower clay content in the beech soil. Despite a similar abundance of the total bacterial community in the beech and spruce soils, the beech soil also had a lower abundance of autotrophs, implying a higher proportion of heterotrophs when compared to the spruce soil, hence might partly explain the higher biomass turnover. Furthermore, higher temperatures in general lead to higher microbial biomass turnover in both soils. Our findings suggest that in temperate forest soils, CO2 fixation might be less responsive to future warming than net soil respiration and that variations in site-specific parameters might affect microbial biomass turnover and resultantly, dark CO2 fixation rates and its temperature sensitivity in temperate forest soils.
Technical note: On seasonal variability of the M2 tide
Authors: Ray Richard
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Seasonal variability of the M2 ocean tide can be detected at many ports, perhaps most. Examination of the cluster of tidal constituents residing within the M2 tidal group can shed light on the physical mechanisms underlying seasonality. In broadest terms these are astronomical, frictional/advective interactions, and climate processes; some induce annual modulations, some semiannual, in amplitude, phase, or both. This note reviews how this occurs and gives an example from each broad category. Phase conventions and their relationship to causal mechanisms, as well as nomenclature, are also addressed.
HESS Opinions: Chemical transport modeling in subsurface hydrological systems – space, time, and the “holy grail” of “upscaling”
Authors: Berkowitz Brian
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Extensive efforts over decades have focused on quantifying chemical
transport in subsurface geological formations, from microfluidic laboratory cells to aquifer field scales. Outcomes of resulting models have remained
largely unsatisfactory, however, largely because domain heterogeneity –
characterized for example by porosity, hydraulic conductivity and geochemical properties – is present over multiple length scales, and
“unresolved”, practically unmeasurable heterogeneities and preferential
pathways arise at virtually every scale. While spatial averaging approaches are effective when considering overall fluid flow, wherein pressure propagation is essentially instantaneous, purely spatial averaging approaches are far less effective for chemical transport essentially because well-mixed conditions do not prevail. We assert here that an explicit accounting of temporal information, under uncertainty, is an additional but fundamental component in an effective modeling formulation. As an outcome, we further assert that “upscaling” of chemical transport equations – in the sense of attempting to develop and apply chemical transport equations at large length scales, based on measurements and model parameter values obtained at significantly smaller length scales – can be considered an unattainable “holy grail”. Rather, we maintain that it is necessary to formulate, calibrate and apply models using measurements at similar scales of interest.
Arctic sea ice and snow from different ice models: A CICE–SI3 intercomparison study
Authors: Sievers Imke , Gierisch Andrea M. U. , Rasmussen Till A. S. , Hordoir Robinson , Stenseng Lars
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Sea ice models fill many purposes. They are used in global climate models or for short term forecasts to plan shipping routes. No matter what their output is used for, understanding the cause for there variability is crucial. In the this study two commonly used sea-ice models, CICE and SI3 were compared after running both models with similar boundary condition, on the same grid, with the same forcing and initialised with the same data, with the aim to understand how the two models differ from each other when forced equally. The set-up also allows linking certain model biases observed in both models to the external forcing. We found that the models compare well to sea ice concentration, sea ice thickness and snow thickness observations, with small regional differences, which could be linked to different model processes. The processes with the highest influence are the drag formulation, the albedo, and the treatment of snow. We find that the treatment of snow has a significant influence on the difference in sea ice thickness between the models, even though their forcing is equal.
Foundational ( K-12) Education System: Navigating 21st Century Challenges
Authors: Pillay Hitendra , Pant Brajesh
Published: April 2022

Foundational education system commonly referred to as K-12 school education is fundamental for people to succeed in life as noted in United Nations declaration of human rights. Consequently, decades of investments have helped K-12 sector evolve and respond to new demands but many of the traditional thinking has remained and thus hinder agility and disruptive evolution of the system. In most countries the national school education systems are perhaps the largest single enterprise and subjected to socio-cultural, economic and political influences, which in turn make it reluctant and/or difficult to change the system. However, as the world transitions from industrial revolution to information revolution and now to knowledge economy, the foundational education sector has been confronted with several simultaneous challenges. The monograph reviews and analyses how these challenges may be supported in a system that is reliant on traditional rigid time frames and confronted by complex external pressures that are blurring the boundaries of the school education landscape. It is apparent that doing more of the same may not provide the necessary solutions. There is a need to explore new opportunities for reforming the school education space, including system structures, human resources, curriculum designs, and delivery strategies. This analytical work critiques current practices to encourage K-12 educators recognize the need to evolve and embrace disruptions in a culture that tends to be wary of change. The key considerations identified through this analytical work is presented as a set of recommendations captured under four broad areas commonly used in school improvement literature
Feminist literary revisionism and the #MeToo movement
Authors: Guest Charlotte
Published: April 2022

In the years since the #MeToo movement began, there has been a resurgence of feminist retellings of ancient myth. Novels such as Pat Barker’s The Silence of the Girls (2018), Madeline Miller’s Circe (2018), Natalie Haynes’s A Thousand Ships (2019) and Jennifer Saint’s Ariadne (2021) form a cohort of books regularly appearing on bestseller charts and award shortlists. This paper traces the rising popularity of contemporary feminist revisions of classical myth and explores the ways in which such works utilise myth to depict modern concerns. Revisionary mythmaking is defined against other retellings of traditional literature, such as biblical narratives and fairytales, locating the appeal of classical myth in the “origin-figure” of Penelope, Queen of Ithaca and wife to Odysseus. Identifying Barbara Clayton’s A Penelopean Poetics (2004) and Margaret Atwood’s The Penelopiad (2005) as two works – one theoretical, one creative – that expound the methodology of feminist revisionism, this paper demonstrates how the feminist revisionist mode presents writers with a rich and rewarding vehicle for engaging with the #MeToo conversation, particularly when mining the material of classical myth. This paper also argues for examining novels over short stories and poetry collections because of the form’s connections to and emergence from the epic.
Neighborhood Land Uses as Predictors of the Upward Mobility of Poor Youth
Authors: Ihlanfeldt Keith
Published: April 2022

Land uses within the neighborhood where poor youths reside have important effects on their development and therefore may predict their welfare as adults. Mean household incomes as adults and teenage birth rates of youth growing up in poor households are predicted based upon the land uses within the neighborhood they occupied as teenagers. Controlling for an extensive set of neighborhood socioeconomic and demographic variables, land uses are found to add to our understanding of the characteristics of places with upward mobility. Differences in land use between white and minority youth neighborhoods are also found to explain racial gaps in adult outcomes.
The Effects of Tornadoes on Housing Prices in Moore, Oklahoma
Authors: Cho Whoi , Whitacre Brian E. , Rhoades Claudia A.
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the effects of four significant tornadoes on housing prices in Moore, Oklahoma. We use a hedonic difference-in-difference approach by considering transactions made preceding and following major tornadic events in Moore (occurring in 1999, 2003, 2010, and 2013). Our dataset spans nearly 30,000 housing transactions between 1990 and 2020. The length of tornado impacts is evaluated using a set of time indicators for the years leading up to (and after) the tornadoes. We find a 2-5% decrease in housing prices during the first year after a tornado for houses in the destructive path. However, no such impacts exist in years 2-7. We also employ three different specifications (OLS, spatial lag, and spatial error) to find the most appropriate model for considering the potential spatial processes at work. The results are largely similar across specifications.
Solution-processed bulk heterojunction solar cells based on a zinc phthalocyanine: perylene dimiide derivative
Authors:   Moldova State University, Furtuna V. , Lungu I. ,   Moldova State University, Gadiac I. ,   Moldova State University, Potlog T. ,   Moldova State University
Published: April 2022

A solution processed ZnPc:PTDCI bulk heterojunction solar cells doped with iodine were fabricated and characterized. Photovoltaic properties of the solar cells were investigated by optical absorption, current densityvoltage characteristic and external quantum efficiency. The absorption of ZnPc:I2:PTDCI was observed in the (300-800) nm region. Solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of about 2.4% has been obtained using simply drop casting and spin-coating methods without special treatment. The peak of the external quantum efficiency characteristics of the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ZnPc:I2:PTCDI/Al solar cells is 10%.
INFORMATION MEASURING SYSTEM FOR SAFETY STATE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Bandurian Boris , Kovalevskyj Volodymyr
Published: April 2022

The article is a continuation of a series of articles united by a single theme of improving the organization of the country’s security management system. Materials from previous articles were used. The article outlines the principles of building the hardware component of the system of obtaining objective information, which will provide a unified approach to improving the organization of the management system, set out in previous articles.

Emphasis is placed on infrared spectrometers and the authors’ method of spectrometry, as a priority area for the development of objective information systems. The development of methodology and a specific example of the use of infrared systems and technologies is given.
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE METHOD OF CALCULATING THE VOLUME OF RUNOFF FROM THE SOIL SURFACE
Authors: Adamenko Mykola , Vasilchenko Alexey , Darmofal Eleonora , Danilin Olexander
Published: April 2022

The article considers the problem, which is becoming increasingly important in the environmental and economic spheres. It is noted that due to the trend of global warming, the dangers of floods and their harmful environmental and economic consequences are becoming worldwide importance. In this regard, we need to solve the problem in the field of strategies for timely response to floods, mitigating their consequences and preservation of natural floodplain resources. The article analyzes additional factors influencing floods in Western Ukraine through climatic changes, unauthorized scarring forests, anthropogenic changes. To solve the problem of flood forecasting and reducing their consequences, a systematic approach is proposed, which takes into account the environmental risks of floods. A scenario approach is used, which reproduces the tree of possible developments during and after the flood. Arrays of initial input emergencies, probable emergencies and probable consequences are formed. Based on the considered scenarios, strategies and risks management options are constructed. Meaning the scenario approach, the article shows that the normative calculation of the volume of the drain from the soil surface to the reservoir does not take into account some important factors such as soil filtration capacity, surface slope and other parameters. For a more accurate determination of the number of drains it is recommended to improve the estimated formula. To do this, it is proposed to use a double integral over time and mass of water on the surface, which takes into account the mass of water arrival and water outflow, which in turn take into account the properties of the study area, evaporation and the ability of the soil to retain moisture, follow the balance sheet. In this case, conclusions are made to develop a set of measures to reduce the risk of floods and malicious effects.
Auction Competitive Dynamics and Guide (List) Prices in a Bubble Market
Authors: Ryan Paul , Brannigan Clare
Published: April 2022

The auction literature finds that competition drives price outcomes and has both rational and psychological components. In bubble markets, emotional factors are heightened, potentially impacting on the interaction between the strategic setting of guide prices by auctioneers, competitive bidding and final auction price outcomes, themes not explored in the extant literature. In a real estate bubble, we find evidence that auction prices anchor on guide prices and that any emotional impact on competitive bidding associated with auction fever does not occlude the assimilative role for the guide price as an anchor. Interestingly, however, we find evidence consistent with real estate agents systematically setting guide prices at deep discounts relative to fundamentals, prima facie consistent with a belief in the reversal-of-the-anchoring effect, suggesting their actions may, paradoxically, dampen the effect of the bubble rather than amplify it.
The Non-Consistency of the Black-Scholes Variance Parameter: A Generalised Method of Moments Investigation
Authors: O'Brien Fergal
Published: April 2022

This paper considers the non-constant nature of the volatility parameter in the Black and Scholes (1973) option pricing model. References in the literature to the many empirical observations of systematic pricing biases associated with the model, in particular the exercise price and the time-to-maturity biases, are widespread. London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange (LIFFE) close of-day data on the FTSE 100 European-style exercise stock index option (ESX) is employed to test the Black-Scholes model specification using Hansen’s (1982) Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). The results of the empirical analysis confirm the existence of pricing biases and might be interpreted as indirect evidence in support of the hypothesis that the market is using all alternative model to price options.
The Accountant’s Craft in the New Public Sector
Authors: Lapsley Irvine , Oldfield Rosie
Published: April 2022

The public sectors of many advanced economies have experienced significant changes to their organisation, financing and management and to the basis upon which they are held accountable. The major focus of many of these changes has been the transformation of the public sector through initiatives which impact at the organisational level. This study explores the implications of these changes for management accountants within the New Public Sector by examining the views and experiences of an elite group of public sector accountants.
Financial Reporting in Ireland: The Period of Independent Isolation
Authors: Clarke Peter
Published: April 2022

The development of financial reporting practices is influenced by a number of factors that are ultimately reflected in the attitudes of the regulators, the users of accounting information and the accountancy profession. This paper examines these three groups in Ireland from political independence in 1922 to the early 1960s - a period in which

financial reporting practices developed only minimally. Thereafter, political and economic events were important catalysts in transforming the accounting landscape.
PFI the Holy Grail?
Authors: McKendrick Jim , McCabe Bill
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the development of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) over the last seven years in relation to the UK Government’s ideological and policy objectives. It reviews the use of value for money (VFM) as one of the main criteria for approval of PFI projects, highlighting the gradual removal of the definitive yardstick of a public sector comparator which allows the wider possibility of subjective and judgmental criteria in the determination of VFM and approval of PFI projects. A consideration of the recent conflict between HM Treasury and the Accounting Standards Board (ASB) is also discussed. This relates to the interpretation of FRS 5 with regard to its implementation to UK central Government Departments’ final accounts and the subsequent effect of this on the UK Public Sector Borrowing Requirement (PSBR). This suggests that the need to manage the control total is the main driver of Government policy towards the PFI rather than the stated aims of VFM and transfer of risk.
Financial Distress Modelling Revisted: An Empirical Illustration of the Importance of Oversampling and Cut-Off Po
Authors: Watson Iain
Published: April 2022

This paper, employing financial distress data from the period 1981 to 1994 in the UK, investigates the importance of two recurring problems in Financial Distress Modelling, namely the issue of oversampling and the determination of the cut-off point which should be applied to the prediction model. The oversampling problem arises when statistical techniques that assume random sampling are employed to analyse a sample that is non-random. This is often the case in financial distress studies, resulting in biased parameter and probability estimates for the model. The second issue investigated is the impact of empirically determining the correct cut-off point to be employed when predicting financial distress. Too frequently a cut-off point of 0.5 is selected without any justification or discussion. This paper empirically illustrates how these two important issues can be addressed and incorporated in a financial distress modelling process.
Reforming the Public Sector: Demon Accountants at Work?
Authors: Lapsley Irvine
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the reform ofthe UK’s public sector in the period 1979 - 1997, from an accounting perspective. This includes consideration of the influences on public policy, which are predominantly from economic thought and management practice. It also examines the experiences of different segments of the public sector - central government, health, the utilities and voluntary organisations (as an ‘alternative’ public sector) - from an accounting perspective. This discussion of available empirical evidence presents a complex picture of the reform process, with the implementation of policies with significant potential roles for accounting, but with little evidence of accounting taking hold in the manner expected or suggested by some accounting research.
An Empirical Study of Management Accounting Practices in Ireland
Authors: Pierce Bernard , O'Dea Tony
Published: April 2022

Management accountants were surveyed to ascertain their perceptions regarding the usage of specified management accounting techniques in their companies. Based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative data, findings are presented in relation to ten well established traditional techniques and ten of the more prominent new techniques selected from a review of current literature. The findings indicate that traditional techniques continue to dominate management accounting systems, with heavy emphasis on financial measures of control and performance evaluation. Usage of new techniques is generally low, but tends to be highest in those companies reporting high usage of traditional techniques. It is therefore suggested that the main contribution of these techniques may be in supplementing, as opposed to replacing, traditional techniques. Significant differences were found based on company ownership and size, suggesting a high degree of tailoring to suit particular circumstances. The discussion highlights specific findings which appear inconsistent either with one another or with conventional wisdom, and suggests that these may offer valuable insights into current practice.
Perceptions of Performance: The Reactions of Analysts and Institutional Investors to FRS 3
Authors: Ó hÓgartaigh Ciarán , Reilly Éilish
Published: April 2022

This paper explores the reactions ofanalysts and institutional investors to FRS 3 Reporting Financial Performance. Such reactions are elicited through an analysis of submissions to the Accounting Standards Board concerning FRED 1 (on which FRS 3 is based), a review of reactions to FRS 3 in the financial media and by way of a series of interviews with analysts and institutional investors. Those interviewed were generally supportive of FRS 3. The research finds little support among those interviewed for the arguments made by user groups and others during the development of FRS 3. Based on the discussions with analysts and institutional investors, and other research in the area, the paper argues that, although EPS is an important component of the language of such users, it is not the only word in their vocabulary.
Testwiseness, Digital Accessibility, and Attitudinal Disposition to Computer-Assisted Testing among Undergraduate Students in North-West, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Abdul-Wahab , Shogbesan Yusuf Olayinka , Iliyasu Abdullahi
Published: April 2022

The purpose this study was to determine whether undergraduate students’ testwiseness and access to digital devices are key factors critical to enhancing their attitude towards Computer-Assisted Testing (CAT) in some selected Universities in the North-west geo-political zone of Nigeria. It also examined if a significant difference existed in undergraduate students’ attitude to CAT in Universities in the North-west Nigeria. These were with a view to improving the CAT outcome directed towards certifying the quality in education by the Nigerian universities. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The sample consisted of an intact class of 5,880 Part I undergraduate students selected from federal and state-owned Universities in the North-west. A self-developed instrument tagged: “Undergraduate’s Testwiseness Digital Accessibility and Attitude Inventory (UTDAAI)”, was used to collect data.  Data were analysed using Stepwise Multiple Regression and independent t-test statistics. The results revealed that testwiseness and digital accessibility are not significantly combined to influence undergraduate students’ attitude to CAT in Universities in the North-west Nigeria. However, there existed a positive significant relationship between testwiseness and digital accessibility. Further, there was no significant sex difference in undergraduate students’ attitudinal disposion to CAT in Universities in the North-west Nigeria. The study concluded that testwiseness was not a most potent predictor of students’ attitude to CAT irrespective of their access to digital devices in the University. It was recommended that Universities’ Management should invest considerable resources in developing rapid response digital intervention initiatives to support the learning, teaching and assessment transition for undergraduate students in the country.
Formation and Destruction of Oxide Films during High-Speed Anodic Dissolution of Chromium-Nickel Steels in Electrolytes for Their Electrochemical Dimensional Machining
Authors:   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova, Dikusar A.I. , Silkin S.A ,   T.G. Shevchenko Pridnestrovian State University
Published: April 2022

It is shown that at high-speed pulsed galvanostatic anodic dissolution of chromium-nickel steels Kh3N35VT (CSN17335), Kh18N10 (AIS1 304) in the regions of pulse durations of 20–2000 ms and current densities of 1–100 A/cm2 in electrolytes for their electrochemical dimensional machining (ECDM) (chloride, nitrate, and mixed chloride-nitrate with an electrical conductivity of 0.15 S/cm), a significant part of the charge (up to 50%) is spent on the formation of a passivating oxide film having a semiconductor character. As a result, the film, not the alloy, is subject to electrochemical treatment. As a result, the current output of the ECDM process of these materials under pulsed conditions is ~ 50–70%, depending on the composition of the alloy. The speed of the process increases with the transition to a constant processing current because of the destruction of the film due to its thermokinetic instability (“thermal explosion”) caused by an increase in the surface temperature.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Electrothermal Energy Conversion during Melt Processing by Electric Current
Authors:   Institute of Pulse Processes and Technologies, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ivanov A. V.
Published: April 2022

By the methods of mathematical three-dimensional modeling, the features of the distribution of electric and thermal fields in the volume of the molten alloy of the foundry hypoeutectic silumin A356, when it is treated with an electric current by parallel electrodes, are established. It was found that the geometry of the electrode system qualitatively and quantitatively determines the effect of the electrothermal effect on the melt by the treatment of the direct current. It was demonstrated that the depth of the deepening of electrodes with a non-insulated lateral surface does not have an active influence on the temperature processes during the conduction electric current treatment. The obtained qualitative and quantitative data for the systems with non-insulated electrodes correspond to the experimental data. It is shown that a change in the spatial geometry of the arrangement of electrodes with an isolated lateral surface significantly affects the three-dimensional distribution of electric and thermal fields as well as the quantitative, more than thrice, change in the characteristics of these fields in the volume of the melt. The method of controlling of the conductive electric current treatment of melts, based on the spatial change of the type of electrode system, does not require additional financial costs and can be carried out directly during the treatment.
Influence of Electrohydrodynamic Flows on the Intensification of the Heat- and Mass Trasfer Processes. Part 2. One- and Multistage Electrohydrodynamic Pumps
Authors:   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova, Kozhevnikov I. V. , Bologa Mircea ,   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova
Published: April 2022

The one-stage electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pumps with electrodes “a diaphragm – a plate with a hole” and “a wire – a plate with a hole” are studied. It is established that with the help of flow-limiting diaphragms, the pump characteristics can be significantly improved. It is indicated that in the main multi-stage EHD pumps, it is preferable to use lattice-type electrodes made of bare and perforated insulated wires. Optimal geometrical parameters of electrodes, flow-limiting diaphragms, dielectric coatings, and interelectrode distances are determined. The influence of the electrophysical properties of the working medium and galvanically isolated high voltage sources on the performance of a multistage pump is considered. Possible ways to reduce the mutual influence of steps on its output parameters are shown. Formulas have been obtained that reliably fully reflect the physical nature of the results of studies of the characteristics of EHD pumps. It was found out that organosilicon liquid has the best characteristics and considering the stability of its properties under the influence of an electric field, micro-discharges, and temperature, it is recommended to use it as a coolant in EHD heat exchangers. The reasons for the deterioration of the pump characteristics during prolonged operation are identified, and ways to reduce the influence of these factors on the output parameters are noted.