bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As práticas de judicialização no cotidiano escolar: atravessamentos entre a escola e o conselho tutelar
Authors: Gomes Ingrid De Faria , Sangenis Luiz Fernando Conde , Esteves Pâmela Suélli Da Motta
Published: March 2023

O artigo tem como objetivo problematizar o processo de judicialização da vida escolar, na contemporaneidade, a partir da análise das práticas e dos discursos produzidos no âmbito dos atravessamentos entre a escola e o conselho tutelar. Apesar de o conselho tutelar ser um órgão não jurisdicional, suas práticas judicializantes, pautadas na lógica penal, produzem efeitos no cotidiano escolar. Sob a orientação metodológica da pesquisa-intervenção, inspirada no método da cartografia, se exploram as relações entre a escola e o conselho tutelar no município de São Gonçalo (RJ). Os resultados de entrevistas semiestruturadas com conselheiros/as tutelares foram tomadas como analisadores da problemática em questão. Por fim, as contribuições de Foucault são importante fundamento para a o intento de verificar um processo de capilarização do saber-poder jurídico no espaço escolar que gera novos modos de regulação e de controle.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Doppler Scan of Portal Vein to Determine Early Cirrhosis of Hepatitis-C Patients in Gujranwala Population
Authors: Ahmad Mian Waheed , Rashid Nawaz , Dogar Iqbal Hussain , Umer Muhammad , Shehzadi Hafiza Sameeya , Ahmad Rameez
Published: March 2023

Objective: The purpose of study is to establish accuracy of doppler sonography in diagnosis of early cirrhosis in hepatitis C positive patients, which is based on portal vein velocity and resistive index considering Histopathology as a gold level standard Student Design: It was a cross sectional comparative study (validation study). Place & Duration of Study: The student was held in Radiology department of District Headquarter Teaching Hospital Gujranwala from 1st July 2019 to 30th June 2020. Materials and Methods: The calculated sample size was 50 cases of anti-HCV anti bodies positive on their blood test fulfilling the inclusion criteria were examined for color Doppler ultrasound to see direction and average blood flow in the portal vein. All these cases were undergone core biopsy of liver and histopathology carried out. The results of histopathology were taken as superior quality / gold standard. Results: Mean age of the patients was found to be 42.5 years. The frequency of the hepatitis C in the different age group varied. Out of the 50 about 37 patients (74%) show decrease in the portal vein velocity towards lower limits regardless no ultrasonic appearance of the cirrhosis and remaining 13 patients (26%), show normal velocities towards upper limits. According to this study portal vein velocity in early cirrhosis is between 10-16 cm/sec and these initial cirrhotic changes confirmed on core liver biopsy (gold standard). Sensitivity was found to be 94.4%, specificity 78.5%, diagnostic accuracy 90.0%, both the NPV (negative predictive value) and PPV (positive predictive value) are high (NPV: 78.5%). Practical Implication: To best of our knowledge, there is very little information on this research topic in our area. The design of improved medical strategies to handle such situations and the improvement of their management will be made possible by the availability of such evidence. Conclusion: In our study, the maximum patients (38%) were suffering with this disease for more than 7 years but less than 9 years. 74% patients showed a decrease in the portal vein velocity towards the lower limit, and 26% patients showed normal velocity towards the upper limit. Keyword: Portal Vein, Doppler Ultrasound, Anti HCV, Core Liver Biopsy, Histopathology, Hepatitis C
Impact of Blood Transfusion on Postoperative Infection and Hospital Stay after Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Bashir Goher , Farogh Ajwad , Khan Muhammad Irfan , Hassan Asma , Ahmad Naseem
Published: March 2023

Objective: The blood transfusion during cardiac surgeries has been demonstrated to be increased in length of hospital stay. The aim of current study was to characterize the post-operative complication. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted at Cardiac Centre Bahawalpur from 1st February 2020 to 30th March, 2021 all patients were divided into two groups. who underwent cardiac surgery during this period Group A (No blood transfusion). Group B (low transfusion 1-2 units) Results: A total of 176 patients, 122 (69.3%) were male and 54 (30.7%) female. in our study there were 1(1%) in Group A while 5(6.6%) in Group B were found with post-operative infection with statistically significant p-value 0.049. Similarly, hospital stay in group A was 5.8 ± 1.3 while in Group B was 6.9 ± 0.3 showing insignificant p-value 0.067. Conclusion: A restrictive transfusion policy while considering RCC transfusion seems more useful and patients who require blood should receive the number of transfusions as minimum as possible. Keywords: RCC Red Cell Concentrates Transfusion, CABG Cardiac Artery Bypass Graft, LOH Length of Hospital Stay, restrictive blood transfusion.
Relationship of Academic Handicap, Cheating and Disruptive Behavior with Happiness among School Children
Authors: Khalid Awais , Rizvi Arooj Zahra , Zahra Rabab
Published: March 2023

Objective: To examine the association between academic handicap, cheating and disruptive behavior with happiness among school children. Study Design: A cross-sectional correlational study. Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Private and Government School settings of Faisalabad City, Pakistan from January November 2020 to December 2020. Methodology: A total of 100 school students (50 in each group) were divided in to either: a) students who were not academically handicap, or b) who were academically handicap. Assessment of academic handicap was labeled by their respective class teachers as per “Academic Entitlement Questionnaire”. “Attitude towards Cheating Scale” was administered to evaluate the level of Cheating Behaviors and “Subjective Happiness Scale” was used to measure the “Level of Happiness”. Results: In a total of 100 students, 60 (60.0%) were boys and 40 (40.0%) girls. Majority of the participants, 77 (77%) were students of 9th class while 665 (65.0%) participant’s mothers were uneducated. Correlational analysis showed that academic handicap had a significant positive relationship with level of cheating and academic handicap had a significant negative relationship with level of happiness. Cheating and disruptive behavior had a significant negative relationship with level of happiness. The results indicated academic handicap and cheating and disruptive behavior are significant predictors of happiness. Practical Implications: Academic handicap students have more chance of cheating and disruptive behavior. Conclusion: Academic handicap reduces the level of happiness among school students. Students with cheating and disruptive behavior also report low level of happiness. Academic handicap students have more chance of cheating and disruptive behavior. Keywords: Academic handicap, cheating, disruptive behavior, happiness.
Incidence of Arrhythmias in Patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Presenting in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Iqbal Rashid , Shoaib Khawar , Khalid Saira
Published: March 2023

Objectives: To determine the incidence of arrhythmias in patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic fever presenting in Tertiary care Hospital. Study Design: Retrospective Observational Study. Settings: This study was done in Department of Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram hospital Lahore. Timings: From 1-10-2022 to 31-12-2022. Methods: This paper describes the number of arrhythmia cases in Dengue hemorrhagic fever patients. We separated Dengue hemorrhagic fever patients from dengue fever patients and then divide Dengue hemorrhagic fever patients in two groups: Critical phase group and Recovery phase group. We picked up and analyzed the critical phase group to see the incidence of arrhythmias. We did so by interpreting files and charts of the patients admitted to Medicine department of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. We confirmed dengue hemorrhagic fever by checking the capillary leak phase of the patients by looking at ultrasound of abdomen for any signs of leakage, chest X-ray PA view, hematocrit and capillary refill time of the patients and then we tabulated the data. Results: A total number of 64 patients were selected during dengue epidemics from October 2022 to December 2022. Among 64 patients, Dengue fever patients were 23 (35.9 %) and dengue Hemorrhagic fever patients were 41 (64.1 %). Dengue Hemorrhagic fever patients were with in capillary leak phase. In Dengue Hemorrhagic fever patients, 14 patients (34.14 %) were having tachycardia in critical phase and 5 patients (12 %) were having bradycardia in critical phase. The present study was done with the aim to determine the clinical profile of dengue patients and to study the cardiac manifestations in patients with Dengue fever. Arrhythmias had been reported in literature but these were reported in recovery phase of dengue hemorrhagic fever 7,15. In dengue epidemic patients seen in our set up, bradycardia was seen in critical phase of dengue hemorrhagic fever 3. Previously bradycardia was reported in recovery phase of dengue hemorrhagic fever 2,16. In critical phase of dengue hemorrhagic fever there is chance of hypotension as fluid shifts to third space due to capillary leak. So bradycardia need to monitor carefully in critical phase. Very care full attention to fluid balance and hemodynamic monitoring is required in critical phase of Dengue hemorrhagic fever. This research will be helpful for careful monitoring of arrhythmias in critical phase of dengue hemorrhagic fever patients and results in decrease morbidity in dengue hemorrhagic patients in our community. Conclusion: Dengue virus induced arrhythmias were under reported but it is an important complication in Dengue Hemorrhagic patients. Bradycardia is one of cardiac complication can be present in critical phase of Dengue Hemorrhagic fever patients. Strict monitoring of patients with bradycardia is required in critical phase of Dengue Hemorrhagic patients. Keywords: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Arrhythmias, Critical Phase.
Routine Screening for Fetal Limb Abnormalities in the First Trimester
Authors: Phul Akhtar Hussain , Fatima Kanzeez , Daseja Kalilash Kumar , Bozdar Naimatullah , Memon Inayatullah , Memon Imran Khan
Published: March 2023

Objective: To evaluate the routine screening for fetal limb abnormalities in the first trimester. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Khirpur Medical College, Khairpur Mir’s from 1st October 2020 to 30th September 2022. Methodology: The study enrolled all pregnant women in visiting the Gynaecology OPD for routine check-up. All the cases were referred to ultrasound diagnostic for screening of fetal limb abnormalities. The total sample size of the study was assigned as 1000 fetuses from 980 women as 10 women had twin pregnancies. Limb reduction shortcomings included transverse-limb reduction deficit as well as longitudinal-limb reduction deficit as seen through absent radius and also club hand, absent fibula phocomelia. The diagnosis of the limb shortening was based on the length of long bone if <5th percentile. Lethal skeletal dysplasia suspicion was based on narrow thorax and long bone abnormalities. Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 27.6±5.3 year. Around 26% of the women were nulliparous. The fetal limb anomaly was presented in 0.9% of the total cases. Within these, 0.7% was those women with single fetus while 0.2% had twin pregnancy. There were 60% of the women who were identified with fetal anomaly on their first screening visit within 1st trimester transverse limb anomaly was observed in 2 case within first trimester whereas 2 cases of club foot were identified in first trimester and one in third trimester. Conclusion: The fetal limb anomaly can be feasibly screened within first trimester. It has a prevalence of 0.9% with transverse limb deficiencies and club foot to be presented in highest frequency. Keywords: Fetal limb abnormalities, First trimester, Prevalence
Post-Cholecystectomy Biliary Dilatation
Authors: Alam Muhammad , Ahmad Siddique , Khan Ali Gohar , Amin Sheema , Tahir Rizmi
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Despite the fact that the common bile duct (CBD) is thought to dilate following surgery, post-cholecystectomy CBD dilatation still remains a source of debate. Intravenous cholangiography made it possible to measure the common duct directly. Although most patients did not have a substantial increase in duct diameter following cholecystectomy, there was a trend toward a modest degree of duct dilatation, according to prospective studies employing sonography to assess the common duct. Objective: To determine the frequency of common bile duct dilatation after cholecystectomy for chronic cholecystitis. Study Design: Descriptive study Place and Duration of Study: General Surgery Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 1st February 2020 to 31st January 2021. Methodology: Eighty seven patients and age range is 20-60 years booked for cholecystectomy in outpatient department were included and followed up to 6 month to determine the frequency of common bile duct dilatation. Results: The mean age was 38.6±10.3 years with 25 (28.7%) males and 62 (71.2%) females. Mean body mass index of the sample was 25±2.3kg/m2. Sixty (68.9%) underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy while 17 (19.5%) underwent open cholecystectomy. Mean baseline common bile duct diameter on ultrasound was 1.3±0.1 mm while the mean follow up common bile duct diameter was 1.8±0.2 mm (p<0.001). Common bile duct dilatation was recorded in 20 (22.98%) patients. Conclusion: Common bile duct dilatation after cholecystectomy is controversial, but in asymptomatic patients, a dilation of up to 10mm should be accepted as normal. Keywords: Cholecystectomy, Cholecystitis, Common bile duct dilatation, Body mass index
Assessment of Sleep Quality among Medical Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Naveed Taha , Karim Noor-E- , Rafeh Muhammad , Qayyum Ali Hassan , Ahmed Ashi , Hafeez Asma , Naheed Aqsa
Published: March 2023

Objective: To assess the sleep quality among medical students, comparing their sleep cycles during physical and online studies along with other factors associated with sleep patterns. Study Design: Cross-sectional Questionnaire based survey Place and Duration of Study: Department of Community Medicine, HITEC Institute of Medical Sciences Taxila from 1st January 2020 to 31st March 2020 Methodology: One hundred and forty seven students were surveyed in a time period of 1 month. The questionnaire included PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and other clinically validated questions. Students with known sleeping disorders were excluded from this survey. Results: There were 81 (55.1%) females and 65 (44.2%) males with mean age 20±1.4 years. Out of these 94(63.9%) were classified as “Poor Sleepers” and only 53 (36.1%) were “Good Sleepers”. Poor sleep quality was associated with female gender (p<0.05), day-scholar residence status (p<0.054), excessive time required to sleep (p<0.00), excessive screen time usage (p<0.007), increased hours of study (p<0.089), experiencing trouble while driving, eating and socializing (p<0.002), lack of enthusiasm (p<0.000), unsatisfactory daily activities (p<0.000) and poor daytime alertness levels (p<0.360). 104 (70.7%) were aware of the effects of melatonin on sleep, only 51 (34.7%) admitted to have used coffee to stay awake at night. 98 (66.7%) subjects were pre-exam workers, 95 (64.6%) admitted not being able to wake up easily in the morning. Conclusion: The students and hostelites that used less screen time slept better. Excessive daytime tiredness was also a result of poor sleeping habits. Students who studied for longer periods of time and had difficulty waking up in the morning slept poorly. Poor sleepers also find it difficult to interact and are often unambitious about performing their daily menial tasks, as well as displeased with their daily activities. As a matter of fact, we deduce that sleep quality has unanticipated consequences for medical students' social and mental health. Keywords: Sleep Quality, Medical Student, Online Classes, PSQI, Excessive Daytime sleepiness, Epsworth sleepiness scale
Depression Levels and Associated Factors in Individuals with Hereditary Neuromuscular Disease
Authors: TURKEN Askeri , BALSAK Habip , AYHAN Fatma
Published: March 2023

Depression Levels and Associated Factors in Individuals with Hereditary Neuromuscular Disease

ABSTRACT

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine depression and anxiety levels in individuals diagnosed with Hereditary Neuromuscular Diseases (HNMDs) with differing degrees of ambulation, and the factors affecting those levels. Materials and Methods: The study population in this descriptive study consisted of patients under follow-up with diagnoses of HNMD at the Gazi Yaşargil Education and Research Hospital muscular diseases clinic. One hundred fifty-nine patients with varying degrees of ambulation were included. The study data were collected using a sociodemographic data form, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC). Results: The participants’ mean age was 21.03 ± 9.35 years, and 55.3% were male. Physical ambulation levels were nonfunctional in 24.5% of participants, dependent on supervision in 15.7%, and independent in 59.7%. A significant part of the participants had moderate or severe anxiety levels. The general BAI score was 20.44±10.25, and the general BDI score was 21.03±9.35. Mild and severe depressive symptoms were present in 76.1% of the participants. Advanced age (p
Pattern-electroretinogram in the differential diagnosis of ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Tur E. V. , Kozhevnikova T. Yu.
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE. To evaluate the clinical utility of pattern electroretinography (PERG) in the differential diagnosis of ocular hypertension and newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) of the initial stage.

METHODS. This prospective non-randomized cohort study included patients over the age of 35 years with newly diagnosed ocular hypertension and initial stage POAG in at least one eye. All patients underwent a standard ophthalmological examination, as well as a complex of additional methods used to diagnose POAG: pachymetry, examination of the biomechanical properties of the cornea (Ocular Response Analyzer, Reichert), standard automated perimetry (SAP) (Octopus 900, Haag-Streit Diagnostics), optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic nerve head (ONH) and macular area (OCT Triton Plus 3000, Topcon) and PERG (Diopsys Nova, Diopsys, Inc.). Data from both eyes of all included patients were analyzed (12 eyes in the ocular hypertension group and 26 eyes in the POAG group). Statistics was calculated using the StatPlus:mac Software package (StatPlus Inc., Taiwan).

RESULTS. During this study we recorded statistically significant differences in steady-state PERG parameters according to the PERG-24 protocol (magnitude, magnitude D — taking into account the magnitude and variability of the response phase throughout the test — and their reverse ratio, determined at pattern contrasts of 100% and 85%) between the groups of patients with newly diagnosed ocular hypertension and newly diagnosed initial stage POAG with a comparable level of intraocular pressure, corneal thickness, biomechanical properties and comparable perimetric indices, as well as the average thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer and the ganglion cell complex according to OCT data. At the same time, all PERG parameters in the ocular hypertension group were within the normal range, while individual PERG parameters in the POAG group had deviations from the normal.

CONCLUSION. Steady-state PERG may be an additional objective method for early detection of disorders in the functioning of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which allows differential diagnosis of ocular hypertension without damage of RGCs and initial stage POAG. In addition, dynamic examination with steady-state PERG of individuals with ocular hypertension may allow early detection of the onset of retinal ganglion cells death, i.e. the development of POAG, than with SAP and OCT.
TÜRKİYE’DE REEL DÖVİZ KURUNUN BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: DOĞRUSAL VE DOĞRUSAL OLMAYAN ARDL BULGULARI
Authors: BERKE Burcu
Published: March 2023

Makro değişkenlerin artması veya azalması reel döviz kurunda değer kaybı veya değerlenme yaratabilir ve bu koşullarda, Türkiye ekonomisinin dış rekabetçi yapısı diğer ticaret partnerleri karşısında iyileşebilir veya kötüleşebilir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Türkiye için 1994-2019 döneminde reel döviz kurunun makroekonomik belirleyicilerini veya spesifik olarak verimliliğin reel döviz kuruna etkilerini hem doğrusal (ARDL) hem de doğrusal olmayan (NARDL) yöntemler kullanarak araştırmaktır. Uzun dönemde diğer kontrol değişkenlerinin (doğrudan yabancı yatırım, dışa açıklık ve kamu tüketimi) etkileri kontrol edildikten sonra doğrusal model, verimlilikteki artışın reel döviz kurunun değerini düşürdüğünü veya bir anlamda Balassa-Samuelson hipotezinin geçerli olmadığını gösterirken, doğrusal olmayan model ise verimlilikteki hem pozitif hem de negatif şokların reel döviz kurunu düşürdüğünü veya reel değer kaybı yarattığını ortaya koyarak doğrusal model sonuçlarını doğrulamaktadır. Ampirik bulgular, Türkiye ekonomisi için dış rekabetçi yapının diğer ticaret partnerleri karşısında iyileşebileceğini göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar konuyla ilgilenenler için önemli politika implikasyonlarına sahiptir.
KRİZLER ÇAĞINDA OECD ÜLKELERİNDE TASARRUF, DOĞRUDAN YABANCI SERMAYE YATIRIMLARI VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME: 2000-2020 DÖNEMİ
Authors: ARSLAN Fatma , MEÇİK Oytun
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmada, OECD üyesi olan 19 ülkede yaşanan krizlerde tasarruf, doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları ve ekonomik büyümedeki değişimler araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada Dünya Bankası’nın gelire göre gruplandırdığı ülkeler bazında OECD ülkeleri dört gelir grubuna ayrılmış ve 2000-2020 döneminde yaşanan krizlerin tasarruf, doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki davranışları incelenmiştir. İncelemeye alınan 19 ülke arasında, ABD'nin öne çıktığı görülmektedir. ABD’nin büyüme oranı ve doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları bakımından göreli yüksek değerlere sahip olsa da tasarruf oranının düşük ülkeler arasında olduğu görülmüştür. Genel olarak, OECD üyesi ülkeler genelinde krizler; büyüme ve doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarda değişim yaşanmakta, tasarruf oranlarında ise aynı etki görülmemektedir.
Apresentação
Authors: Quagliato Henrique
Published: March 2023

Apresentação do primeiro número do nono volume da Revista Sociologias Plurais
Educación 4.0 en estudiantes universitarios peruanos en situación postpandemia
Authors: Rey-Sánchez Sandra Patricia , Vergara-Calderón Rodolfo Santiago , Rodriguez-Barboza Jhonny Richard , Pablo-Huamani Rebeca
Published: March 2023

Introducción: En el contexto actual y social en que vivimos, surge la necesidad de utilizar nuevas estrategias tecnológicas que permitan continuar con la formación de los diferentes actores educativos así ir cerrando las brechas digitales que existen en el desarrollo de capacidades de los servicios educativos en las instituciones. Método: El presente trabajo de investigación es del tipo descriptivo, se usó un diseño No-Experimental; Descriptivo transeccional pues los datos se han obtenido en un solo momento. Se hizo uso de dos cuestionarios aplicados a una muestra censal de 32 alumnos del Centro de Idiomas de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Resultados:  La mayoría de los estudiantes del Centro de Idiomas de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia consideran aceptable el uso de las tecnologías como el método usado para el dictado de clases en el CDI de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, en cuanto al interés de aprender nuevas tecnologías tanto aplicando el autoestudio como participando en talleres o foros, se refleja un alto % de estudiantes están interesados, mientras que un % minoritario de alumnos no lo está. Conclusiones:  La aplicación de la educación 4.0 mejora el rendimiento académico e incentiva el pensamiento crítico del estudiante y el trabajo colaborativo; no solo por lograr obtener información relevante en corto tiempo con la ayuda de la nube; sino también, porque las nuevas herramientas tecnológicas despertaron el interés del estudiante.
POLITIK HUKUM TERHADAP PENANGGULANGAN KEJAHATAN DUNIA MAYA
Authors: Tanjung Indra Utama , Adriani Erin Novi
Published: March 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk bagaimana perspektif hukum pidana dan upaya penanggulangan kejahatan di dunia maya (cybercrime) khususnya di Indonesia dilihat dari berbagai aspek. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan literarur review dari memperoleh data dokumentasi. Adapun hasil yang ditemukan adalah Kriminalisasi cybercrime dalam perundang-undangan di Indonesia diformulasikan dalam Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik serta Undang-undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Upaya dalam pemberantasan cybercrime dilakukan melalui kebijakan penal yakni dengan Kriminalisasi perbuatan dalam undang-undang sehingga perbuatan tersebut termasuk kejahatan didunia maya, harmonisasi ketentuan hukum nasional dengan hukum internasional dalam memberantas cybercrime dan penegakan hukum melalui penjatuhan sanksi pidana bagi pelaku cybercrime serta kebijakan non penal yakni Menyusun kebijakan di luar hukum pidana yang mendukung upaya pencegahan cybercrime, melakukan sosialisasi terhadap potensi kejahatan didunia maya, membangun kerjasama dengan pihak swasta untuk membangun sistem keamanan di dunia maya dan membentuk jaringan kelembagaan dalam mencegah cybercrime baik dalam tataran nasional maupun dalam tingkat internasional.
Criminal prosecution of commercial legal entities under Vietnamese law
Authors: Федоров А.В.
Published: March 2023

Статья посвящена вопросам уголовной ответственности коммерческих юридических лиц в Социалистической Республике Вьетнам (СРВ), установленной Уголовным кодексом СРВ 2015 г., вступившим в силу 1 января 2018 г. Рассматриваются предусмотренные УК СРВ уголовные наказания (штраф, временное прекращение деятельности, частичное бессрочное прекращение деятельности, полное бессрочное прекращение деятельности, запрет на деятельность в определенных областях, запрет на привлечение капитала) и судебные меры (конфискация денежных средств и предметов, связанных с преступлением; возврат, ремонт имущества или предоставление компенсации; принесение публичных извинений; восстановление первоначального состояния; иные меры по смягчению и предотвращение последствий преступления), применяемые к коммерческим юридическим лицам. Приводятся положения уголовного законодательства о назначении уголовного наказания коммерческим юридическим лицам, учете смягчающих и отягчающих ответственность обстоятельств, сроках давности. Анализируется уголовно-процессуальный порядок привлечения к ответственности коммерческих юридических лиц; рассматриваются меры уголовно-процессуального принуждения, применяемые к коммерческому юридическому лицу, а также вопросы преемства ответственности коммерческих юридических лиц и исполнения судебных решений об их наказании. Обозначаются перспективы развития вьетнамского законодательства об уголовной ответственности юридических лиц.

The article is devoted to the criminal liability of commercial legal entities in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), established by the Criminal Code of SRV 2015, which entered into force on January 1, 2018. The criminal penalties (fine, temporary cessation of activities, partial indefinite cessation of activities, total indefinite cessation of activities, prohibition of activities in certain areas, prohibition to raise capital) and judicial measures (confiscation of money and objects related to the crime; return, repair of property or compensation; public apology; restoration of original condition; other measures to mitigate and prevent the consequences of a crime) applicable to commercial legal entities. Criminal law provisions on the imposition of criminal penalties on commercial legal entities, consideration of mitigating and aggravating circumstances, and limitation periods are given. The criminal procedure for bringing commercial legal entities to responsibility is analyzed; measures of criminal procedure to be applied to commercial legal entities are examined as well as issues of succession of responsibility of commercial legal entities and execution of court decisions on their punishment. Prospects for the development of Vietnamese legislation on the criminal liability of legal entities are outlined.
Collector: guilty or victim. Issues of law enforcement practice
Authors: Иванов А.Л. , Савин П.Т.
Published: March 2023

Преступления, связанные с вопросами коллекционирования, обладают своеобразной спецификой, которая предполагает наличие определенных познаний как у лиц, совершающих преступления, так и у потерпевших, своеобразной мотивации. Избранная проблематика представляет закономерный научный интерес, так как подобный предмет исследования крайне редко находит свое освещение в научных публикациях. В то же время возникает вопрос не только о разновидностях преступлений, совершаемых в сфере коллекционирования, но и об их причинах. Для выявления особенностей преступлений, совершаемых в этой сфере, в статье рассматривается соответствующая правоприменительная практика, анализируются реальные обстоятельства уголовных дел. Закономерным результатом осуществленной авторами работы выступает определение специфических особенностей рассматриваемых преступлений. Авторы приходят к выводу, что коллекционирование может явиться причиной совершения различных преступлений, в которых коллекционер может выступить либо исполнителем, либо потерпевшим. При этом отсутствие надлежащих знаний об особенностях той или иной коллекционной деятельности тоже может послужить причиной совершения преступления, а также облегчить его совершение виновным.

Crimes related to collecting issues have a peculiar specificity, which implies the presence of certain knowledge both among the perpetrators of the crimes and among the victims, a kind of motivation. The chosen problem is of natural scientific interest, since such a subject of research rarely finds its coverage in scientific publications. At the same time, the question arises not only about the types of crimes committed in the field of collecting, but also about their causes. To identify the features of crimes committed in the field of collecting, the article considers the relevant law enforcement practice, analyzes the real circumstances of criminal cases. The logical result of the work carried out by the authors is the determination of the specific features of the crimes under consideration. The authors conclude that collecting can be the cause of committing various crimes, in which the collector can act either as a performer or as a victim. At the same time, the lack of proper knowledge about the features of a particular collection activity can also be the reason for committing a crime, as well as making it easier for the perpetrators to commit it.
Some difficulties in the investigation land pollution
Authors: Соболык В.М.
Published: March 2023

Статья посвящена некоторым сложностям в расследовании порчи земли, особенностям взаимодействия следователя со сведущими лицами при расследовании таких преступлений, в том числе на этапе проверки сообщения о преступлении. Дана характеристика субъектам взаимодействия при расследовании порчи земли. Автор отмечает актуальность проблемы взаимодействия следователя и дознавателя со сведущими лицами при проведении следственных действий по уголовным делам о порче земли, заключающуюся в регулярно выявляемой несвоевременности включения в состав следственно-оперативной группы данных лиц, неиспользовании их специальных знаний на различных этапах расследования.

The article is devoted to some difficulties in the investigation of land pollution, to some peculiarities of interaction of the investigator with knowledgeable persons during investigation of land pollution, including at the stage of verification of a report of a crime. The characteristics of the subjects of interaction during the investigation of soil damage are given. The author notes the topicality of the problem of interaction between the investigator and knowledgeable persons during the investigation of criminal cases of damage to land, consisting in the regularly detected delay of inclusion in the investigation operational group of these individuals, the lack of use of their expertise at the various stages of the investigation.
Arthroscopic Transosseous Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Stenson James , Sanders Brett , Lazarus Mark , Austin Luke
Published: March 2023

Open transosseous rotator cuff repair (RCR) was the original benchmark surgical technique for RCR. The advent of arthroscopic and suture anchor technology shifted the paradigm from open to arthroscopic surgery. Although technological advances have progressed, they come at a cost. Suture anchor technology is expensive, optimal constructs have yet to be determined, and the technology may lead to challenging complications and revision scenarios. In more recent years, a return to transosseous bone tunnels has been described with new arthroscopic techniques, eliminating the need for suture anchors. The purpose of this article is to review the historical, biomechanical, clinical, and economic literature surrounding arthroscopic transosseous RCR.
Immediate Fixation of Acetabular Fractures Through an Anterior Approach Does Not Increase Morbidity or Mortality
Authors: Hidden Krystin A. , Shefelbine Lara , Agel Julie , Lack William D. , Firoozabadi Reza , Githens Michael F. , Kleweno Conor P.
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Acetabular fractures requiring an anterior approach have historically been delayed, allowing a stable clot to form before creating large surgical exposures. The purpose of this study was to determine whether immediate fixation of acetabular fractures within 24 hours using an anterior approach demonstrates notable difference in blood loss, length of stay (LOS), complications, or mortality compared with acetabular fractures treated after 24 hours.

Methods:

Ninety-three patients were optimized for surgery within 24 hours of injury. Thirty-two patients underwent fixation within 24 hours using an anterior approach to the acetabulum. Demographics, hours from injury to operating room, fracture classification, embolization, surgical approach, intraoperative cell salvage use, Charlson Comorbidity Index, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, Injury Severity Score, and Abbreviated Chest Injury Score were recorded. Estimated blood loss, transfusions, intensive care unit stay, total hospital LOS, complications, and mortality rates were compared.

Results:

No statistically significant differences were observed in fracture classification, blood loss, or intraoperative transfusions between the immediate and delayed fixation groups. Six patients in the delayed group (9.8%) returned to the operating room for a complication compared with one patient (3.1%) in the immediate group (P = 0.42). Three patients in the delayed group (4.9%) developed a surgical site infection compared with none (0%) in the immediate group (P = 0.55). The immediate group had an average LOS of 7 days compared with 11 days in the delayed fixation group (P = 0.01). No notable differences were observed in 30- or 90-day mortality rates.

Discussion:

Medically optimized patients with acetabular fractures who undergo immediate fixation through an anterior approach do not seem to have an associated increase in blood loss, transfusions, or mortality. Prompt surgical management may also be associated with a shorter preoperative and postoperative LOS.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic level III
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guideline Case Study: Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Brophy Robert H. , Silverman Richard M. , Lowry Kent Jason
Published: March 2023

Considering the frequency of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, optimal management of these injuries was the subject of a 2022 clinical practice guideline update from The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) with input from representatives from the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and the American College of Emergency Physicians. The eight recommendations and seven options to guide orthopaedic surgeons and other physicians managing patients with these anterior cruciate ligament injuries are based on the best current available evidence. The cases presented in this article are examples designed to demonstrate the clinical application of these guidelines.
Traffic Control Patching and Security Solution in Iot
Authors: Shahid Afridi , Hossain Md Alam , Hossain Nazmul
Published: March 2023

After connecting multiple devices to a network and possessing data analysis and excerpting, the IoT is awaited to contribute to the formation of new customer value. Critical infrastructure that gets into people’s lives and economic deeds will also become an area, in which way the IoT is used, so security measures for IoT systems are very important. On the other hand, a dramatic increase in the number of connected devices will create technical problems such as attacks with a broader scope of influence and attacks that last longer. So, a shortage of security operations administrators will also be a problem. The internet of things refers to a way of connecting objects to the Internet for the purpose of intelligent control and management. The objects are sensed through RFID (Radio-frequency identification) or sensors achieving the integration of human society and the information system.  RFID is the core technology to implement the internet of things. So the security issue of RFID is becoming more and more important, in the past decade, a large number of research papers dealing with security issues of RFID technology have appeared. This paper deals with the security of data of RFID as IoT devices and defence against malware attacks, and DDoS attacks in IoT systems.
Implementing the Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines: What’s Next?
Authors: Martinez Peter
Published: March 2023

In June 2019, following an eight-year process, the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN COPUOS) adopted twenty-one voluntary, non-binding consensus Guidelines for the Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities. These guidelines are intended to support states in developing their space capabilities in a manner that enhances the safety of space operations and avoids causing harm to the outer space environment. The guidelines are relevant to both governmental and non-governmental entities. They address all space activities, whether planned or ongoing, and apply to all phases of a space mission, from prelaunch mission design through to operation and end-of-life disposal. The guidelines will only achieve their intended purposes if they are implemented as widely as possible. Successful guideline implementation will both rely on and strengthen international cooperation in space activities. Implementation of the guidelines will also be facilitated by improved coordination and information exchange among space actors from government, the private sector and civil society. This article discusses the roles and recent contributions of each of these types of actors in promoting guideline implementation and the sustainability of space activities in general. The article concludes with some observations on the second phase of the LTS discussions in UN COPUOS and the connection between space sustainability and sustainable development on Earth.

LTS Guidelines, soft law, space sustainability, UN COPUOS
Revisiting the Delimitation of Outer Space in Light of the Long-Term Sustainability of Space Activities
Authors: Bittencourt Neto Olavo De Oliveira
Published: March 2023

Decades of international debates have been insufficient to build consensus over a universal, multilateral delimitation of outer space. A legal frontier, still undelimited, exists between the territorial air space (under national control and jurisdiction) and outer space (where no claim of sovereignty is authorized). As technology advances, blurring the differences between aeronautics and astronautics, this question gains renewed relevance for practical purposes. The long-term sustainability (LTS) of outer space depends upon recognizing outer space as a specific and unique domain, distinguished from any other on Earth, and subject to a specific body of rules. After considering different proposals for the delimitation of outer space, as well as domestic regulation, an alternative is suggested, acknowledging different perspectives while including conciliatory features.

air law, sovereignty, space law, space sustainability, territorial principle
Barriers and Gateways to Cleaning Up Earth Orbit: The Legal, Economic, and Political Dimensions of Debris Remediation
Authors: Newman Christopher , Cheney Thomas
Published: March 2023

The preponderance of human-made debris in Earth orbit has long been recognized as a significant threat to continued safe operations in space. National space agencies and private space companies are paying considerable attention to the technical questions surrounding the active removal of debris (ADR). Nonetheless there are still significant legal, economic, and geopolitical questions that need to be addressed before any meaningful and sustained industry around the removal of debris can be established. This discussion will focus on identifying the legal issues of responsibility, jurisdiction and liability and proposing possible solutions within the current nexus of international agreements. Yet these must be considered alongside the economic roadblocks to funding ADR; the challenges for states looking to collaborate in current geopolitical circumstances; and the often overlooked ‘data deficit’ in respect of the space surveillance and tracking (SST) capabilities needed to enable the safe removal of debris. It is contended that any system for managing ADR, Debris Mitigation and general protection of the space environment should not emerge in isolation. A coherent system of managing and coordinating the orbital environment needs to be developed. This article will argue that it is for individual nations to show political leadership and an economic commitment to properly manage the delicate extraterrestrial environment. Failure to do so will represent a missed opportunity and leave a troubling legacy for future generations.

Active Debris Removal, Astropolitics, Space Law, Dual use technology, Space Environment
Standardization in the Space Sector and Its Role in the Long-Term Sustainability of Space Activities: Regulation by Stealth or a Function Creep?
Authors: Tapio Jenni , Soucek Alexander
Published: March 2023

Technical standards are not legal instruments, but alongside other non-legally binding instruments they play a significant role in space governance at large. They offer a detailed account on what is considered the ‘state of the art’ in technical terms, invertedly having legal implications on what may be regarded as diligent or negligent behaviour. As a consequence, technical standards can become standards for lawfulness. Standardization serves interoperability, interaction between interfacing products and services and the compatibility of technologies and systems. It equally supports the creation of new markets and can help to lessen the barrier to enter the space market. However, technical standards lack a clear legal meaning. In the rapidly evolving domain of modern spaceflight, where the ‘what and how’ still needs to be defined, they can become ‘gamechangers’ that allow ‘first-movers’ – industry and governments alike – to gain competitive or strategic advantages by setting rules of the game. If standardization is reduced to a mere technical exercise, with its results (i.e., standards) viewed as merely technical products addressing technical problems, one risks overlooking, or underestimating, the role that standards play in space governance and regulation. This article sheds light on the normative character of technical standards and the role they play in today’s space governance.

Standards, standardization, space sustainability, national space law, non-legally binding instruments, governance, implementation
Article: State Aid Through Arbitration Awards: EU Law as a Ground for Non-enforcement
Authors: Pérez-Bernabeu Begoña
Published: March 2023

The relationship between international investment law (IIL) and EU law is not without problems as evidenced by the Achmea ruling. These tensions have become more evident in the Micula case in which the commission resorted to the state aid rules in order to attack arbitration awards arising from intra-EU Bilateral investment treaties (BITs) (deeming its enforcement as state aid). Despite its two rulings relating to the Micula saga, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has not yet validated (or not) the application of state aid rules to the enforcement of intra-EU awards. Hopefully, the upcoming general court’s judgment shall rule on the merits of the Micula case thereby dispelling doubts. Nevertheless, it is foreseeable that further clarifying judgments will be required concerning the recognition and enforcement of intra-EU awards in non-EU jurisdictions. This article reviews the current situation to show that, while state aid rules could adequately prevent the enforcement of an intra-EU award within EU borders, they lack effectiveness for blocking enforcement beyond its borders.

Arbitration award, intra-EU BIT, State aid, Tax benefit repeal, Damages, Award recognition, Award enforcement, Public policy, Micula, Achmea, ICSID Convention, New York Convention.
Cultural Services in Australia and New Zealand’s Preferential Trade Agreements
Authors: Gagné Gilbert , Jean-Desnoyers Camille
Published: March 2023

This article (1) summarizes the provisions relating to cultural services in the preferential trade agreements (PTAs) to which Australia and New Zealand belong, and (2) discusses the scope of these provisions, in light of the cultural policy measures involved and states’ resulting ability to pursue cultural policies. Not only have Australia and New Zealand pursued some of the world’s most ambitious cultural policies, these two partner countries at times took unusual positions on the trade and culture debate. Yet, both have resolutely positioned themselves toward the ‘culture’ side of the debate, with either some of the most far-reaching exceptions or modest commitments relating to the cultural sector in their respective PTAs.

Australia, New Zealand, cultural policies, trade and culture debate, trade liberalization, preferential trade agreements, cultural provisions, cultural services, cultural exceptions, cultural commitments
REGULARIZAÇÃO FUNDIÁRIA URBANA, DESASTRES AMBIENTAIS, DEFESA CIVIL E A MINERAÇÃO: A BRASKEM E A EXTRAÇÃO DE SAL GEMA EM MACEIÓ
Authors: Bittencourt Márcio Teixeira , De Toledo Peter Mann , Rocha Gilberto de Miranda
Published: March 2023

Descrição e Comentários sobre a Legislação em vigor e sua efetivação em relação às políticas públicas, sendo um item dedicado à Regularização Fundiária, o outro aos Desastres Ambientais e Defesa Civil. O estudo de caso será sobre a Braskem e a extração de sal gema em Maceió - AL. Nas considerações finais destaca-se a importância de que haja compatibilidade entre a legislação e as políticas públicas nos temas Regularização Fundiária Urbana, Desastres Ambientais e Mineração.