bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF NEW INFRASTRUCTURE ON CARBON EMISSION REDUCTION: AN EXAMINATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PATHWAYS FROM THE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION SIDE
Authors: Wang Yafei , Shi Ming , Liu Junnan , Zhang Luyao , Luo Man , Ren Jin
Published: November 2024

The digital technology revolution has enabled a greater vision for global economic change and the reduction of carbon emissions, which has encouraged the development of a new type of infrastructure with digitalization as the key driver in recent years. Based on data from 30 province-level samples in China between 2011 and 2020, this study systematically investigates the effects and mechanisms of new types of infrastructure on carbon emission reduction. The findings demonstrate that the new types of infrastructure has a significant carbon emission reduction effect, both in the present and following lag periods. And the carbon emission reduction effect of new types of infrastructure in the present period increases as the quantile rises. It has been found that the output scale effect and technology effect, in addition to the less obvious structural effect, are the main ways that new types of infrastructure lowers carbon emissions. The carbon emission reduction effect of convergence infrastructure, innovation infrastructure, and information infrastructure has a heterogeneous characteristic of decreasing order. The reduction in carbon emissions is visible on the consumption side as a mediatory result of urban and rural populations’ upgraded consumption patterns. Even while the development of new infrastructure has some spillover effects on carbon emissions, there is still a noticeable general trend toward significant decrease.
EXPLORING RURAL RESIDENTS’ WILLINGNESS TO ADOPT ROOFTOP PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) RENOVATION: CONSIDERING MODERATING ROLE OF CULTURAL CONCEPTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
Authors: Ding Liping , Zheng Longwei , Zhang Siyu , Zhu Yuxuan , Shuai Jing
Published: November 2024

The development and utilization of solar energy have become one of the effective ways to achieve the goal of “carbon neutrality and emission peak” in China. China has high-quality solar photovoltaic (PV) resources and huge potential for rural rooftop PV installations. However, the current amount of rural rooftop PV installation is very small, so it is important to reveal the key influencing factors and promotion policies for rural residents to retrofit rooftop PV. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), after adding cultural concepts and environmental awareness adjustment variables, this paper constructs a regression model of rural residents’ willingness to retrofit rooftop PV on 375 valid questionnaire data from 27 provinces and autonomous regions in China. The results show that: (1) Perceived trust, perceived ease of use, and subjective norms significantly influence the willingness of rural residents to adopt rooftop PV retrofits. (2) Cultural concepts and environmental awareness significantly moderate adoption intention and related pathways. Finally, this paper proposes policy recommendations accordingly.
HOW TO IMPROVE EMBODIED IMPACTS OF BUILDINGS AT THE EARLY DESIGN STAGE? ROLE OF AN INNOVATIVE SYSTEM
Authors: Zeng Ruochen , Chini Abdol , Yu Gang , Wang Zeyu
Published: November 2024

The growing impact of the built environment on the natural environment, human health, and its economic importance has emphasized the importance of green building design. It is widely recognized that the most significant benefits can be obtained if the green design initiatives can be implemented at the earliest stages of the design processes. This requires designers to consider embodied impacts (embodied energy and emission) among other criteria in selecting building systems and materials during the early design phase of a building. However, this endeavor is not a simple task, as the absence of appropriate tools to facilitate such considerations becomes apparent. The aim of this research is to develop an innovative system, which can support designers in selecting the structure and envelope systems of a building considering the embodied impacts and costs during the early design stage. A graphical user interface empowers designers to scrutinize diverse building structures and exterior envelope assemblies and compare their embodied energy, embodied carbon emissions, and costs, thereby making an informed decision about the most desirable systems. To validate its utility, a case study is used to illustrate the application of the system and demonstrate the feasibility of its use in selecting structure and envelope systems for educational buildings.
USING PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA TO IMPROVE THE ACCURACY OF OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT EVALUATION FOR THE ELDERLY IN A HOT SUMMER AND COLD WINTER AREA OF CHINA
Authors: Hu Ying , Zhou Jue
Published: November 2024

Elderly people in regions of China with hot summers and cold winters have significantly higher heat sensitivity than people in other regions and are ambiguous in their subjective perceptions of temperature, humidity, and solar radiation. This makes the elderly more vulnerable to the heat; consequently, when they engage in outdoor activities during the summer wearing light clothing, their diminished thermal perception increases the risk of heat stress injuries. Therefore, to more accurately evaluate the outdoor thermal comfort perception of the elderly in summer, this study used traditional field meteorological measurements, a questionnaire survey, physiological data, and machine learning prediction methods, to establish an outdoor thermal benchmark for retirement communities in hot summer and cold winter regions. Findings from the study reveal that the neutral universal thermal climate index (NUTCI) and the neutral universal thermal climate index range are 25.94°C and 22.23°C to 29.66°C respectively, and that the thermal comfort threshold is 35.39°C. It was also found that for 80% of elderly residents in the two retirement communities studied, the thermal acceptable range is from 19.41°C to 35.07°C. Using these findings as a guide, the thermal categories proposed are neutral 22.23°C to 33.08°C, slightly warm 33.08°C to 39.68°C, warm 39.68°C to 43.52°C, and hot above 43.52°C, with a preferred UTCI of 27.02°C.
Élaboration d’une méthode de caractérisation des paysages sous-marins intégrée aux politiques publiques de la mer et des paysages
Authors: Jolly Gaëtan , Le Dû Laurence , Brigand Louis
Published: November 2024

Dans un contexte de changement global et de fortes pressions sur les ressources, les autorités françaises souhaitent accroître leurs politiques de préservation du milieu marin. Mal connu, ce dernier peine à bénéficier de stratégies de protection comme celles que l’on peut trouver en milieu terrestre. Dans cette optique, le conseil régional de Bretagne, la direction régionale de l’Environnement, de l’Aménagement et du Logement de Bretagne (DREAL) et le Parc naturel marin d’Iroise (PNMI) ont investi la question de l’application en milieu marin des politiques publiques du paysage en cofinançant une recherche doctorale. En nous appuyant sur la Convention du Conseil de l’Europe sur le paysage (2000), l’objectif est de contribuer à une exploration méthodologique pour un atlas des paysages sous-marins sur le territoire du PNMI. Le présent article est focalisé sur la phase de caractérisation des paysages immergés, laquelle s’articulera à une phase postérieure de qualification des perceptions des usagers de ce territoire. La finalité est de permettre aux autorités d’identifier les paysages sous-marins du PNMI dans leurs caractères, perceptions, usages et représentations sociales, d’entrevoir des dynamiques d’évolution et de déterminer des enjeux de gestion par le prisme paysager.
Quand t’es dans la misère, c’est plus compliqué. Quelques remarques sur les emplois génériques de tu et vous
Authors: Salles Mathilde
Published: November 2024

Cet article est consacré aux emplois dits « génériques » des pronoms de deuxième personne tu et vous, emplois dans lesquels ils peuvent concurrencer certains emplois indéfinis du pronom on. Selon certaines analyses, en particulier celles qui font valoir une restructuration du système pronominal français, tu et vous apparaissent comme de simples équivalents de on. Selon d’autres analyses, au contraire, le choix de tu ou vous à la place de on n’est pas arbitraire et tu et vous génériques conservent une valeur d’interpellation de l’interlocuteur ou de l’interlocutrice. Nous tenterons de montrer que tu et vous génériques, bien qu’ils ne correspondent pas nécessairement au pronom d’adresse utilisé (notamment tu générique, qui peut être utilisé en contexte de vouvoiement) et qu’ils puissent être indifférents au statut de l’interlocuteur ou de l’interlocutrice (genre ou nombre de celui-/celle-ci, ceux-/celles-ci), conservent bien une valeur d’adresse.
François Ragot, de son apprentissage auprès de Michel Faulte (1623) à son mariage (1635)
Authors: Mathis Rémi
Published: November 2024

Nous éditons et publions ici trois actes inédits qui concernent un graveur peu connu, François Ragot (1607/8-1670) : son contrat d’apprentissage avec Michel Faulte (1623), une courte obligation qui montre qu’il a travaillé avec Balthasar Moncornet (1634), et son contrat de mariage avec Marie Bertrand (1635).
Vitalité des mediums traditionnels d’impression dans l’art contemporain
Authors: Marandin Jean-Marie
Published: November 2024

On analyse le recours aux médiums traditionnels d’impression (gravure, lithographie, sérigraphie) dans la conception et la réalisation d’œuvres dans le paradigme de l’art contemporain. On mobilise le concept de réinvention proposé par Rosalind Krauss. Lorsqu’une technique ou un procédé sont frappés d’obsolescence, ils deviennent disponibles pour un usage artistique qui lui assigne un nouvel usage et exploite son potentiel expressif. Les premiers à avoir réinventé les médiums d’impression furent les peintres graveurs impressionnistes. Ils ont investi la possibilité d’imprimer plusieurs versions de la même matrice dans leur propre programme artistique : exprimer plusieurs impressions (aux deux sens du terme) de la même image. Les artistes du paradigme contemporain exploitent les différentes facettes de la répétition permise par l’opération de transfert. Ils exploitent également l’imaginaire de la trace qui est au cœur de l’opération technique de transfert.
La lettre des gravures des Contes et Nouvelles en vers de La Fontaine : Que dis-je et que ne dis-je pas !
Authors: Romagné Iris
Published: November 2024

Publiés en 1671, les Contes et nouvelles en vers de La Fontaine (1621-1695) connaissent un vaste succès, régulièrement réactualisé par les interprétations figurées que lui donne le XVIIIe siècle. Dans ce corpus, la suite dite de Larmessin (1737-1743), se distingue : les gravures ne sont pas accompagnées du texte qu’elles représentent, ni ne le racontent par les moyens de l’image : elles ne font que l’évoquer. La culture littéraire du public, ainsi sollicitée, doit également être mobilisée face à la lettre de ces estampes, pleine d’allusions et de sous-entendus. Il revient au lecteur/spectateur de décrypter ces gravures, dont la lettre est partie intégrante, et même de résoudre les difficultés que lui posent l’ambiguïté des allusions visuelles et textuelles. Ainsi, images et textes laissent au lecteur/spectateur l’entière responsabilité de ce qu’il croit comprendre, et de ce qu’il veut bien comprendre. Le public de cette suite est davantage qu’un public actif : il est complice.
Analysis Method of the Coupling Relationship Between Big Data Sports Industry Development and Economy
Authors: Zhao Lihong , Li Hongji
Published: November 2024

This paper studies the dynamic interaction between sports industry and urbanization process. Based on grey system theory and agglomeration economy theory, this paper studies the correlation and coupling between sports industry and urbanization in Shanghai and establishes the correlation and evolution relationship between them. Sports industry has played a key role in urban infrastructure construction, spatial layout optimization and industrial structure transformation. Research shows that e-sports industry is closely related to urbanization, and it is the product of technological innovation, industrial integration and capital flow. Industrial development and urbanization show a “U” curve, especially in 2014-2017. Coupling theory extends from the field of physics to the field of sociology, which provides a framework for evaluating the degree of interaction between multiple systems. By investigating the coupling between urbanization and sports industry, this study aims to reveal the intricate relationship between urbanization and sports industry.
Enhancing Library Learning Environments
Authors: Han Chao , Yuan Zhen , Wang Xiaoli
Published: November 2024

Traditional libraries often suffer from outdated facilities and limited space, impacting learning comfort. This study proposes integrating 5G and mobile intelligent devices to enhance library learning spaces. Results show that the 5G network achieves high efficiency in data transmission, with 95% efficiency at a data volume of 1000 and 96% at a distance of 100 meters. The mobile device system also accurately monitors temperature and humidity, with less than 7% error compared to instruments. This method significantly shortens data transmission time and improves planning efficiency, offering a reliable solution for modernizing library environments.
A Cross-Language Attribute-Level Sentiment Analysis Approach Using TinyBERT and GCN
Authors: Zhou Pan , Qi Xingbin , Zhao Li
Published: November 2024

A cross-language attribute-level sentiment analysis model (TinyBERT-GCN) based on TinyBERT and GCN is proposed to address the problems of existing cross-language attribute-level sentiment analysis methods, such as insufficient text feature extraction and easy to ignore cross-language semantic correlations at the word level. The model extracts contextual semantics through TinyBERT, fuses multilingual features using the Multi-Granular Interaction Module, and enhances the understanding of text syntax using GCN. The experimental results show that the proposed TinyBERT-GCN model can achieve ACC and F1 of 0.871 and 0.812 on SemEVAL-2016 dataset; and 0.848 and 0.821 on Taobao dataset, and 0.863 and 0.802 on SemEVAL-2014 dataset respectively. Compared with the other models, the proposed model not only improves the performance, but also reduces the computational cost, has better scalability, and is suitable for large-scale multilingual data processing. This model has important practical applications in market analysis, public opinion monitoring and decision making.
Dimensionality of an adapted Authentic Leadership Questionnaire: Three independent South African studies
Authors: Grobler Anton , Grobler Sonja
Published: November 2024

Orientation: Authentic leadership (AL) is a well-defined construct and measured by instruments mostly developed and validated in the United States and Europe.Research purpose: To validate an adapted version of the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) within the South African context.Motivation for the study: Instruments are often used without the necessary research on validity, thus disregarding the context in which it is utilised. It is emphasised by many scholars that inferences derived from the scores obtained from instruments need to be validated and instruments be adapted accordingly for a specific context, in this case, South Africa.Research approach/design and method: This article is based on the results of three separate studies conducted over 3 years. The research was approached from a quantitative positivist paradigm, utilising a cross-sectional design and survey method. The sample consisted of 5515 participants, with 60 respondents from 93 organisations across both the private and public sectors. The analysis includes item screening, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, determination of convergent validity and invariance analysis across the two sectors.Main findings: The results yielded a one-factor solution (compared to the original four-factor model), with all 16 items loading on the unidimensional factor. This one-factor model was reliable, valid and invariant regarding the private and public sectors used in this study.Practical/managerial implications: The practical value is an AL questionnaire adapted and validated for the South African context.Contribution/value-add: The validated ALQ can be used with confidence by organisations regardless of sector, researchers and academics.
Leptin Promotes the Expression of Pro-inflammatory Mediator Genes but Does Not Alter Osteoclastogenesis and Early Stage Differentiation of Osteoblasts
Authors: Hsu Chien-Ning , Kao Chih-Hong , Yang Chin-Hua , Cheng Ming-Te , Hsu Yu-Pao , Hong Shinn-Gwo , Yao Chao-Ling , Chen Yu-Hsu
Published: November 2024

Leptin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, plays a pivotal role in maintaining energy metabolism and bone quality. Dysregulation of leptin can lead to the development of various pathological conditions. For example, the concentration of leptin is increased in individuals with obesity, and this increased concentration is positively correlated with higher bone mass. In addition, mice lacking leptin or the leptin receptor exhibit substantial bone loss, further highlighting the pivotal role of leptin in regulating bone metabolism. However, the precise mechanism through which leptin affects bone remodeling remains unclear. The present study investigated the effect of leptin on osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. Osteoblasts derived from MC3T3-E1 cells and osteoclasts derived from RAW 264.7 cells were used. The findings revealed that leptin did not substantially affect osteoclastogenesis or osteoblastogenesis. Furthermore, leptin did not affect cell viability during osteoclast differentiation. The expression of inflammatory mediators was increased in differentiating RAW 264.7 cells. However, the expression of critical bone resorptive genes, including Ctsk and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, was not elevated following leptin stimulation. By contrast, leptin did not alter the expression of key osteogenic genes in preosteoblasts in the early stage of differentiation. These data demonstrate that leptin can stimulate the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in differentiating osteoclasts. These changes do not affect osteoblastogenesis or osteoclastogenesis. Leptin may downregulate bone resorption and enhance mineralization to increase bone mass.
Utility of blood parameters in predicting oesophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Cyriac Cyrin Annie , Panicker Geeta Achutha , Kunnathuparambil Sojan George , Kattoor Steffin Mathai
Published: November 2024

Background:

This study aimed to evaluate the utility of various blood parameters in predicting oesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis of liver.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, laboratory parameters like platelet count, haemoglobin level, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) aspartatae aminotransferase (AST) creatinine, albumin, international normalised ratio (INR) and bilirubin were collected from the medical records of patients with cirrhosis who underwent endoscopy for variceal bleeding. The predictors of oesophageal varices from these indices were calculated.

Results:

One hundred and sixty five patients (mean age 57.5 ± 10.7 years; males) were studied. Sixty seven patients (40.6%) had no oesophageal varices. Of the patients with varices (n = 98), 41 (24.8%) had small and 57 (34.5%) had large varices. Compared with patients without oesophageal varices, those with varices had significantly elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.018), serum bilirubin (P = 0.0001) and significantly low serum albumin (P = 0.0001). Platelet count was < 200,000/mm3 in patients with small and < 100,000/mm3 in patients with large varices (P = 0.0001). Prothrombin time-INR (PT-INR) was higher in patients with small varices compared to those with large varices compared to those with small varices (P = 0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity for PT-INR (area under curve [AUC] = 0.823) were 86% and 74%, respectively, and for platelet counts were (AUC = 0.813) 83% and 64%, respectively.

Conclusions:

Univariate analysis showed serum bilirubin, serum albumin, haemoglobin, platelet count were statistically significant. However, PT-INR and platelet counts showed high sensitivity and specificity.
A comparative study of necrotising fasciitis in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rao Battalapalli Sri Hari , Pavan Mallikarjuna , Mutheeswaraiah Y. , Padmaja Rani G. , Babu P. Suresh , Mohan Alladi , Jayaprada Rangineni , Sachan Alok , Lahari Sangaraju Sai
Published: November 2024

Background:

Sparse published data are available comparing necrotising fasciitis (NF) in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:

Consecutive patients presenting with NF to our tertiary care teaching institute in Tirupati from March 2021 to June 2022 (n = 100; with T2DM [n = 60], without T2DM [n = 40]) were prospectively studied. The predisposing factors, clinical presentation, performance of laboratory risk indicator for necrotising fasciitis (LRINEC) score and its association with inhospital outcome of NF were compared in patients with and without T2DM.

Results:

In NF patients with or without T2DM, mean age (58.3 ± 11.0 Vs 55.3 ± 15.5 years; P = 0.22), gender distribution (M: F = 42:18 Vs 29:11; P = 0.787), history of trauma (50% Vs 45%; P = 0.787) and site of involvement (right lower limb 45% Vs. 35%; P = 0.813) were similar. A significantly higher proportion of patients with T2DM had chronic kidney disease (6/60 Vs 11/40; P = 0.02) and corticosteroid use (8/60 Vs 4/40; P = 0.04) compared to those without T2DM. The mean LRINEC score was similar in patients with and without T2DM (7.3 ± 2.5 Vs 6.8 ± 3.0; P = 0.9). The mean duration of intensive care unit stay (days) (4.4 ± 4.0 Vs 3.3 ± 2.4; P = 0.12), amputation rates (13.3% Vs 10%; P = 0.615) and mortality (25% Vs 22.5%; P = 0.774) were similar in NF patients with and without T2DM.

Conclusions:

Our observations suggest that predisposing factors, clinical presentation and outcomes were similar in NF patients with and without T2DM.
Study of lipid profile in chronic kidney disease patients before and after haemodialysis
Authors: Nandanwar Megha , Gulhane Hitesh , Abichandani Leela
Published: November 2024

Background:

In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death. Majority of the patients in India prefer maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) as a renal replacement therapy, which may have a significant impact on lipid profile of the patient.

Methods:

The present study cross-sectional case–control study was conducted in 50 CKD patients on MHD and 50 healthy controls. Sampling in CKD patients was done just before initiating haemodialysis (HD) and 30 min after completion of HD irrespective of their fasting state. Serum creatinine, urea and lipid parameters were investigated to study the effect of HD and the pattern of dyslipidaemia in CKD patients.

Results:

Serum triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were significantly (P < 0.05) more in both pre- and post-HD samples as compared with healthy controls. Serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly lower in MHD patients as compared with controls. There was a significant rise in serum TC and HDL-C after HD.

Conclusions:

The study concludes that CKD patients on HD have hypertriglyceridaemia, hypocholesterolaemia, low HDL-C, high serum VLDL and low serum LDL levels. Dyslipidaemia persists even after HD. A significant improvement in TC and HDL-C was observed after HD in CKD patients. Early identification and treatment of dyslipidaemia can reduce morbidity and mortality associated with CKD on HD.
Clinicopathological Study of Thyroid Swelling with High Resolution Ultrasonographic Correlation
Authors: Gaurav Kumar , Ranjan Rajeev Kumar , Gunjan  , Khan Zahid Mustafa , Xalxo Anima R. , Rai Nisha
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Epidemiological data show a high frequency of thyroid nodules in the general population, with rates increasing with age.

Aim and Objectives:

To analyze thyroid swelling with high-resolution ultrasonographic correlation.

Results:

90% of cases were surgically treated. Surgical decision made on basis of age, gender of patient, size of thyroid mass, thyroid profile FNAC, ultrasonographic reports, and other patient related factor.

Conclusion:

The findings provide a thorough understanding of thyroid pathology, paving the door for more effective diagnostic approaches and personalized therapeutic strategies in clinical practice.
Alterations of Some Apolipoprotein Levels and ApoE RNA Expression in Iraqi Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Infection
Authors: Ibrahim Amnah Raad , Hussein Raghad Hassan , Hassan Athraa Zaidan
Published: November 2024

Background:

The high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) makes it a significant health concern, especially in Iraq. Clinical studies have found that chronic HBV infection affects the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by regulating cholesterol metabolism in liver cells.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine alterations in some serum lipoproteins (ApoA, ApoB, and apolipoprotein E [ApoE]) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), as well as ApoE gene expression in Iraqi patients with chronic HBV infection, as potential markers for increased cardiovascular risk.

Materials and Methods:

This case-control study involved fifty patients with chronic HBV admitted to the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital in Medical city, Baghdad, besides 40 individuals serving as a healthy control group.

Results:

The current study showed significantly higher levels of ApoA, ApoB, ApoE, and OxLDL among patients compared to the control group. Additionally, HBV patients demonstrated lower expression of ApoE gene in HBV patients. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for all parameters showed high sensitivity and specificity, with area under the curve affirming their potential as biomarkers for increased CVD risk in patients with chronic HBV infection.

Conclusion:

The study reveals significant disparities in plasma levels of ApoA, ApoB, ApoE, and OxLDL between HBV patients and controls, along with reduced ApoE gene expression in these patients, suggesting a potential role of HBV in apolipoproteins dysfunction. Thus, serum ApoA, ApoB, ApoE, and OxLDL in CHB patients may help identify high-risk patients for CVD, thereby preventing the development of CVD or early diagnosis of (CVD) in these patients.
Controlling unknown linear dynamics with almost optimal regret
Authors: Carruth Jacob , Eggl Maximilian F. , Fefferman Charles , Rowley Clarence W.
Published: November 2024

Here and in a companion paper, we consider a simple control problem in which the underlying dynamics depend on a parameter

a

that is unknown and must be learned. In this paper, we assume that

a

can be any real number and we do not assume that we have a prior belief about

a

. We seek a control strategy that minimizes a quantity called the regret. Given any

\varepsilon>0

, we produce a strategy that minimizes the regret to within a multiplicative factor of

(1+\varepsilon)

.
PRODUCT LINE PARADIGM FOR ROBOTIC SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Authors: Smuda William , Skalny Matthew , Magowan Leif
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Software systems, like physical systems, require explicit architectural
descriptions to increase system level comprehension. Developing networked
robotic systems of diverse physical assets is a continuing challenge to
developers. Problems often multiply when adding new hardware/software
artifacts or when reconfiguring existing systems. This work describes a
method to create reconfigurable software for Army robotic systems via
model-based, graphical domain-specific languages and reusable components.
The paradigm makes use of feature models, the basis for product line
software that describes and constrains variable aspects of the robotic
system’s hardware and associated software. Domain-specific languages
use terms understandable to domain engineers and technicians. Users of the
modeling environment are able to stay at a high level of abstraction and
need not concern themselves with the details of the composed and generated
code.
Robust Control Architecture for a Reformer Based PEM APU
System
Authors: Thornton Douglas , Contini Vince , McCandlish Todd
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Battelle has built multiple auxiliary power generators using liquid logistic
fuels that tightly couple fuel cell and fuel processing systems, providing new
control challenges. Acting as an auxiliary power supply places difficult
requirements for load following and transients. Additional challenges arise from
the differing time constraints of the fuel processor and fuel cell systems and
the need to maintain water balance. A novel method of controlling the system has
been formulated and applied, providing pushbutton start capabilities. The
control system has proven to be robust and easily adaptable to system design and
operating parameter changes. In addition to control concerns, the requirements
for vehicle integration and desulphurization have been investigated.
VEHICLE PROGNOSTICS: UNDERSTANDING USAGE SEVERITY AND POTENTIAL
DAMAGE ACCUMULATION FOR A COMBAT VEHICLE SUSPENSION COMPONENT
Authors: Pompetzki Mark , Dabell Brian , Gothamy Joseph , Bechtel James
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Vehicle prognostics are used to estimate the remaining useful life of components
or subsystems, based on measured vehicle parameters. This paper presents an
overview of a vehicle prognostic system, including the critical tasks associated
with configuring such a system. The end user of a vehicle prognostic system
focuses on the reports generated by the system that provide indications of
vehicle readiness, condition and remaining useful life. These reports are based
on measurements recorded from sensors on the vehicle and analyzed either on the
vehicle or remotely by a “back office” information management
system; the latter also provides usage severity trends. To implement such a
system, an engineer must first define the vehicle components of interest and
determine “damage correlates”: the relationship between damage
occurring on key component(s) and key vehicle parameters that can be obtained
from vehicle “bus data”. These “damage
correlates” and the associated analysis methods are combined with
component usage severity information such that the remaining useful life of the
component is estimated. One of the most complex steps in this process is
calculating “damage correlates” and a specific example is shown
for a combat vehicle suspension component. A key suspension component was
identified based on maintenance, repair and replacement costs. Measurements were
undertaken on durability road surfaces, where loads on the suspension component
and vehicle data were measured simultaneously. A damage model for the suspension
component was developed based on the measured component loads. This was used to
identify key vehicle parameters, establish transfer functions and together with
a simple damage model, establish “damage correlates”. The key to
success is that the vehicle parameters are easily measurable and can be
correlated to specific component damage and deterioration. This paper
illustrates the challenges and successful implementation of this approach for a
suspension component on a combat vehicle.
TIME DEPENDENT SIMULATION METHODS FOR VEHICLE THERMAL
MANAGEMENT
Authors: Bayraktar Ilhan
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Increasing power requirements along with weight and space constrains requires
implementation of more intelligent thermal management systems. The design and
development of such systems can only be possible with a thorough understanding
of component and system level thermal loads. The present work implements 1-D and
3-D unsteady CFD based simulation tools in vehicle design process. Both
under-the-hood cooling and HVAC systems are simulated in various operating
conditions on a HPC Computer Cluster. System variables are optimized with
gradient based BCSLIB and SciPy optimization libraries. The simulation results
are compared and validated with experimental tests.
THE ARMY’S NEED FOR COGNITIVE ENGINEERING
Authors: McDowell Kaleb , Zywiol Harry J.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Imagine Soldiers reacting to an unpredictable, dynamic, stressful situation on
the battlefield. How those Soldiers think about the information presented to
them by the system or other Soldiers during this situation – and how
well they translate that into thinking into effective behaviors – is
critical to how well they perform. Importantly, those thought processes (i.e.,
cognition) interact with both external (e.g., the size of the enemy force,
weather) and internal (e.g., ability to communicate, personality, fatigue level)
factors. The complicated nature of these interactions can have dramatic and
unexpected consequences, as is seen in the analysis of military and industrial
disasters, such as the shooting down of Iran Air flight 655, or the partial core
meltdown on Three Mile Island. In both cases, decision makers needed to interact
with equipment and personnel in a stressful, dynamic, and uncertain environment.
Similarly, the complex and dynamic nature of the contemporary operating
environment faced by the United States Army makes it clear that mission
performance depends on systems that are engineered to ensure that the complex
systems of people and technology (i.e., sociotechnical systems) can sustain high
levels of cognitive performance needed for succeed. This session overview
highlights cognitive engineering and illustrates how modeling and simulation can
address different aspects of this important field.
ENGINE, BATTERY AND VEHICLE SIMULATION STRATEGIES FOR TRANSMISSION
TESTING
Authors: Johnson Bryce
Published: November 2024

WHY DO WE NEED SIMULATIONS?

This paper is intended to provide a broad presentation of the simulation
techniques focusing on transmission testing touching a bit on power train
testing. Often, we do not have the engine or vehicle to run live proving ground
tests on the transmission. By simulating the vehicle and engine, we reduce the
overall development time of a new transmission design. For HEV transmissions,
the battery may not be available. However, the customer may want to run
durability tests on the HEV motor and/or the electronic control module for the
HEV motor. What-if scenarios that were created using software simulators can be
verified on the test stand using the real transmission. NVH applications may
prefer to use an electric motor for engine simulation to reduce the engine noise
level in the test cell so transmission noise is more easily discernable.
DEVELOPMENT OF A VALIDATED THERMAL MODEL OF AC PERFORMANCE IN A
PROTECTED COMBAT GROUND VEHICLE
Authors: Pryor Josh , Ditty Aaron , Mao Julia , Rynes Pete , Smith Rob
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

A coupled thermal and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) full-vehicle model of a
protected combat ground vehicle was developed and validated against measured
test data. The measurement dataset was collected under thermally extreme
conditions. Air temperatures were sampled inside the crew compartment of the
vehicle under tactical idle operating conditions with space heaters substituted
for on-board electronics. The results generated from the coupled thermal model
correlated with the measured test data with an average absolute error of less
than 2 °F for both simulated-electronics on and off conditions. The
model was used to analyze thermal sensitivity to armor, insulation, and other
factors affecting the efficiency of the HVAC system.
AN INTEGRATED HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING RELIABILITY PREDICTION FRAMEWORK FOR GROUND VEHICLE DESIGN EVALUATION
Authors: Ghiocel Dan M. , Negrut Dan , Lamb David , Gorsich David
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses some aspects of an on-going multiyear research project of GP
Technologies for US Army TARDEC. The focus of the research project has been the
enhancement of the overall vehicle reliability prediction process. This paper
describes briefly few selected aspects of the new integrated reliability
prediction approach. The integrated approach uses both computational mechanics
predictions and experimental test databases for assessing vehicle system
reliability. The integrated reliability prediction approach incorporates the
following computational steps: i) simulation of stochastic operational
environment, ii) vehicle multi-body dynamics analysis, iii) stress prediction in
subsystems and components, iv) stochastic progressive damage analysis, and v)
component life prediction, including the effects of maintenance and, finally,
iv) reliability prediction at component and system level. To solve efficiently
and accurately the challenges coming from large-size computational mechanics
models and high-dimensional stochastic spaces, a HPC simulation-based approach
to the reliability problem was implemented. The integrated HPC stochastic
approach combines the computational stochastic mechanics predictions with
available statistical experimental databases for assessing vehicle system
reliability. The paper illustrates the application of the integrated approach to
evaluate the relliability of the HMMWV front-left suspension system.
A MODULAR MODEL ARCHITECTURE IN MODELICA FOR RAPID VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING OF CONVENTIONAL AND HYBRID GROUND VEHICLES
Authors: Batteh John J. , Tiller Michael M.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a flexible, modular model architecture in Modelica for system
modeling and simulation of military ground vehicles. The model platform and
implemented interfaces are flexible enough to support virtual prototyping of
conventional and hybrid vehicles with various physical architectures such as
series, parallel, hydraulic, and plug-in implementations. Several sample model
implementations of conventional and concept hybrid military ground vehicles are
presented to illustrate the usage and flexibility of the model architecture to
support systems engineering activities by maximizing model re-use throughout the
product development process from concept assessment and design through testing
and verification.
VIRTUALIZATION – THE POWER AND LIMITATIONS FOR MILITARY
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS – A STRUCTURED DECISION APPROACH
Authors: Korzenowski Mike
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Virtualization is becoming an important technology for military embedded systems.
The advantages to using virtualization start with its ability to facilitate
porting to new hardware designs or integrating new software and applications
onto existing platforms. Virtualization is a tool to reuse existing legacy
software on new hardware and to combine new features alongside existing proven
software. For embedded systems, especially critical components of military
systems, virtualization techniques must have the ability to meet performance
requirements when running application software in a virtual environment.
Together, these needs define the key factors driving the development of
hypervisor products for the embedded market: a desire to support and preserve
legacy code, software that has been field-proven and tested over years of use;
and a need to ensure that real-time performance is not compromised.

Embedded-systems developers need to understand the power and limitations of
virtualization. This paper presents virtualization technologies and its
application to embedded systems. With the dominant market of multi-core
processing systems, the need for performing specific hardware/software
configuration and usages with relations to Platform Virtualization is becoming
more and more prevalent. This paper will discuss different architectures, with
security being emphasized to overcome challenges, through the use of a
structures decision matrix. This matrix will cover the best suited technology to
perform a specific function or use-case for a particular architecture chosen.
The topics of the “Best Suited Technologies” to utilize when
considering Virtualization will cover the following architectures:
Virtualization – Hypervisors, Hyper-Threading, Single-Core CPU
Architectures, Multi-core CPU Architectures and Microkernels.

It discusses the possibilities and limitation of plain virtualization approaches
in embedded systems. These relate to the integrated nature of embedded systems
with security and reliability requirements.
Systems Approach to Ground Vehicle Electromagnetic
Compatibility
Authors: Beltz Randolph , Hombs Bandon , Mouyos William
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

BAE Systems has developed a system level approach for identifying the issues
associated with collocating Blue Force Communications with other on-board
emitters. Specific scenarios include broadband interference caused by Electronic
Warfare (EW) and radio congestion. Our approach is divided into three (3)
functional areas to resolve this complex situation: (1) the proper selection and
placement of Advanced Antenna Structures. (2) Receiver front end overloading
protection through the use of a Wide Band Frequency Domain Cancellation
Analog/Digital RF cancellation process. (3) The further refinement of the signal
through the use of Digital Signal Processing for interference estimation,
tracking, and cancellation based on efficient adaptive algorithms.
Software Virtualization in Ground Combat Vehicles
Authors: McDowell Daniel , Norcross John
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Increased complexity of ground combat vehicles drives the need to support
software applications from a broad variety of sources and seamlessly integrate
them into a vehicle system. Traditionally, hosting GOTS and COTS applications
required burdening a vehicle’s computing infrastructure with dedicated
hardware tailored to specific processors and operating systems, heavily
impacting the vehicles space, weight and power systems. Alternatively, porting
the applications to the vehicles native computer systems is often cost
prohibitive and error prone.

Advancements in commercially developed software virtualization capabilities bring
an entirely new approach for dealing with this challenge. Virtualization allows
real-time and non-real-time applications running on different operating systems
to operate seamlessly alongside each other on the same hardware. The benefits
include reduced software porting costs and reduced qualification efforts.
Additionally, elimination of specialized computing environments can produce
significant gains in space, weight, power and cooling demands.
DEVELOPING A KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR DETECTION OF POWERTRAIN FAILURES BY
REVERSIBLY SEEDING ENGINE FAULTS
Authors: Zanini Margherita , Marko K. , James J. , Beck Christopher S. , Tom K. , Stempnik J.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Engine performance is traditionally measured in a dynamometer where engine speed,
torque, and fuel consumption measurements can be made very accurately and
environmental conditions are well controlled. Durability testing is also carried
out in a dynamometer to assess reduction in engine output due to normal aging.
However, the symptoms associated with incipient failures are not often studied
since it requires either stressing engine components above their recommended
limit or exchanging parts of known deviation with normal ones. This work
describes a methodology for seeding faults in an engine by electronic means so
that they can be reversibly turned on and off in a controlled fashion. The focus
is on seeding faults that produce changes in engine output so that comparison
between precise measurements done with laboratory instruments may be compared
with estimates derived from on-board measurements. Thus, we have relied on a
rather broad spectrum of measurement capabilities implemented in the dynamometer
in order to acquire comprehensive information on the normal and abnormal
behavior of the engine. A variety of engine parameters from the PCM, from add-on
sensors and other instrumentation can be recorded and analyzed to detect
statistically significant changes induced by the seeded faults. Thus, it is
possible to build a knowledge base of measurable symptoms of abnormal behavior
and study whether they could also be detected with practical on-board devices
for implementing Condition Based Maintenance of powertrain systems.
Conformal and Embedded In-Armor Antenna Solution for Army Ground
Vehicles
Authors: Johnson Shikik , Mizan Waliul , Kabir Nahid
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Present day Army ground vehicles are equipped with numerous communications
(COMMS) and counter improvised explosive device (C-IED) antenna systems. These
platforms often have numerous highly visible antennas to support the large
bandwidth and high power requirements of military radios and jammers. Currently,
the demand for additional spectrum functionality for a ground vehicle ultimately
leads to another antenna crowding the surface of the vehicle and reducing the
survivability by increasing its visual signature. The visual signatures of large
legacy whip antennas not only reduce battlefield survivability but also hinder
the mobility of the vehicle in tight urban theater scenarios. With so many
antenna systems onboard, mutual and joint force interoperability is of grave
concern as the cosite interference between antenna systems significantly reduces
its communications range and could hamper jamming effectiveness.

The goal of the Army initiated Embedded Platform Antenna System (EPAS) program is
to develop a novel antenna solution for the problem of antenna blockage, cosite
interference, large antenna visual signature, and platform crowding on Army
ground platforms by using antennas that are conformal and embedded in-armor and
potentially glass structures. Today’s technology make possible next
generation antennas that can be integrated onto the Army platform reducing size,
weight, and power (SWaP) considerations. The key challenge is to embed these
apertures into armor and glass without compromising the structural integrity of
the armor (i.e., ballistic performance), while at the same time maintaining
optimal operation of the antenna element. To this end, modeling and simulation
techniques utilizing computational electromagnetic codes and material science
practices are essential in facilitating the engineering of embedded platform
armor antenna systems.
Systems Engineering Processes Applied To Ground Vehicle Integration
at US Army Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center
(TARDEC)
Authors: Yee Andrew , Brendle Bruce
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The Center for Ground Vehicle Development and Integration (CGVDI) is a U.S. Army
Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center (TARDEC)
capability responsible for design, fabrication, integration, and support of
additional capabilities for fielded systems as well as overall project
management. CGVDI provides customers a single office that coordinates activities
across the U.S. Army Research Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM) to
conduct the complete spectrum of activities required to support Project
Management Offices with design, development, integration, and testing of ground
systems to meet the needs of the Warfighter. To better serve the organizations
and programs supported by CGVDI, the TARDEC Systems Engineering Group worked to
infuse Systems Engineering (SE) processes into CGVDI standard operating
procedures as a way to effectively meet project cost, schedule, risk, and
performance goals.