bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O micro e o macrocosmo: dos Pré-Socráticos ao Problema XXX, 1
Authors: Santana Juliana
Published: May 2022

Este artigo busca identificar semelhanças, e mesmo influências, de algumas teorias de certos pensadores pré-socráticos e de certos tratados do Corpus Hippocraticum com as proposições sobre a bile negra presentes no Problema XXX, 1. Para isso, a princípio apresentamos, de modo breve, traços próprios a teorias elaboradas por Alcméon de Crotona, Empédocles de Agrigento e por alguns textos hipocráticos. Em seguida, apresentamos as posições do Problema XXX, 1, com ênfase especial na questão da interferência da bile negra nos homens que se sobressaem em várias áreas de atuação. Destacamos ainda os efeitos deste humor, como a melancolia por ele provocada e por vezes comparada à ação do vinho no corpo humano. Assim, indicamos as possíveis relações entre a primeira seção do Problema XXX com o que propunham as teorias filosóficas e médicas precedentes à sua redação, indicando que o texto aristotélico aponta igualmente para a ligação do homem com o cosmo do qual é parte.
Diálogo e paidéia em Platão
Authors: Silva Camila De Souza da
Published: May 2022

Em Platão é possível reconhecermos sua grande preocupação, dentro de um projeto político-filosófico, com a formação do homem, principalmente quando analisamos, por exemplo, obras como Banquete, Ménon e República. O diálogo (diánoia) é apresentado, em alguns casos, como fundamento de um espaço privilegiado à aprendizagem e ao exercício ético. Inicialmente a arte de dialogar exige uma metodologia de confronto de perspectivas entre os que dialogam, um em referência ao outro direcionando-nos a compreensão de determinado assunto, como no caso do Amor no Baquete ou da Virtude no Ménon, e isto, por sua vez, só é possível se pensarmos em uma construção dialética (dialektiké) do diálogo. Intentamos, neste trabalho, mostrar como o discurso, nos encaminha para uma noção do que Platão compreende por formação humana (paideía), principalmente enquanto valor intrínseco às relações humanas e sociais.
Construção da Natureza: narrativas mitológicas de base naturalista em comunidades Iorubás no Brasil
Authors: Moreira-dos-Santos Frederik , Santos Andreza Bispo dos Anjos
Published: May 2022

Neste ensaio discutiremos desdobramentos investigativos do naturalismo humanista de John Dewey a fim de nos fornecer um suporte mais amplo para uma teoria geral do conhecimento que dialogue em nosso mundo contemporâneo pluricultural em que injustiças no campo epistêmico também ocorrem com frequência. Ressaltamos que não é nosso objetivo mostrar que o conhecimento ancestral é epistemicamente superior ao científico, mas reconhecer que ele é especialmente importante no processo de adaptação biossocial ao seu território. É, também, um marco sócio-histórico que abarca tradições de matriz cultural africana e características culturais de outras comunidades tradicionais do Brasil. Delineamos nossa perspectiva a partir de autores que emergem da filosofia afro-brasileira (principalmente Muniz Sodré), que trouxeram à tona o sentido do papel social e existencial das narrativas mitológicas, ritualísticas e ancestrais, nas comunidades de candomblé. Inicialmente, apresentamos o conceito de naturalismo, inspirado na teoria da investigação de John Dewey como teoria geral do conhecimento e da cultura, da qual aplicamos elementos de sua análise geral na cosmologia iorubá. Existem experiências integradoras afro-brasileiras que são cruciais para a construção dessa cosmologia. Neste ensaio, apresentamos, também, o compromisso empírico e sociopolítico de criar significados a partir da experiência em uma perspectiva holística sobre a Natureza. Exploramos o conceito de Natureza de ambas as perspectivas (a deweyana e a nagô) e demonstramos que existem convergências notáveis. Em seguida, concluímos que o espectro de abordagens significativas (rituais, narrativas, normatividade e integração cultural) para lidar com a Natureza torna o sentido de mundo iorubá próximo a um naturalismo em seus próprios termos.
Debate sobre un El Salvador viable
Authors: El Editor
Published: May 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 51, No. 575, 1996: 733-745.
Maquilas: desarrollo versus condiciones laborales
Authors: Vargas Escolero Henry Marcel
Published: May 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 51, No. 575, 1996: 805-807.
Organización de Naciones Unidas. Informe oficioso del Secretario General sobre el estado de la aplicación de los Acuerdos de Paz en El Salvador
Authors: El Editor
Published: May 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 51, No. 575, 1996: 831-835.
A model for the integration of primary health care services in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors:   , Sibiya Maureen Nokuthula
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND In South Africa, Integration of Services Policy was enacted in 1996 with the aim of increasing health service utilization by increasing the accessibility of all services at Primary Health Care (PHC) level. However, the problem with the policy arises in the implementation of integrated PHC (IPHC) as there is no agreed upon understanding of what this phenomenon means in the South African context. Hence, there is a need for shared views on this phenomenon. METHODS A cross-sectional study, using a qualitative approach was employed in this study in order to analyze IPHC in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). A grounded theory approach was selected as it is a method known for its ability to make the greatest contribution in areas where little research has been done and when new viewpoints are needed to describe the familiar phenomenon that is not clearly understood. Policy makers and co-ordinators of PHC at national, provincial and district levels as well as PHC nurses at functional level participated in the study. The data was collected by means of observations and interviews. The sample size for interviews was comprised of 38 participants. RESULTS It emerged that there were three core categories that were used by the participants as discriminatory dimensions of IPHC in South Africa. These core categories were (a) comprehensive health care, (b) supermarket approach and (c) one stop shop. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the phenomenon, IPHC meant different things in different contexts.
The effectiveness of a homoeopathic complex (Germanium metallicum 30CH, Nux vomica 12CH, Kalium phosphoricum 6CH, Picricum acidum 6CH) in the treatment of job burnout in the human services field
Authors:   , Vaithilingam Vimlen
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this double blind placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of a homoeopathic complex (Germanium metallicum 30CH, Nux vomica 12CH, Kalium phosphoricum 6CH, Picricum acidum 6CH) in the treatment of job burnout in the human services field. In total 30 participants were chosen according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample group was then randomly divided into a treatment group consisting of 15 participants, and a placebo group consisting of 15 participants. The study was conducted at the Durban University of Technology. The Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey (Appendix A) was used as a measurement tool. There was an initial consultation with the researcher which consisted of a full consultation, physical examination and administration of the survey. Thereafter there were two follow-up consultations at 4 week intervals at which the survey was re-administered. Medication was dispensed to the participants at the initial and the first follow up consultations only. The data obtained from the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey was statistically analysed using the SPSS software package (Version 15). Due to the small sample size of the study non-parametric tests were conducted. The intra-group analysis was performed using Friedman‟s Test and Wilcoxon‟s Signed Rank Test. The inter-group analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test. Friedman‟s Test indicated a significant improvement in the emotional exhaustion subscale for both the treatment and placebo groups. The subscales of depersonalisation and personal accomplishment did not however reflect a significant difference.The Wilcoxon‟s Signed Rank Test indicated that for both groups there was a significant improvement in the emotional exhaustion subscale between baseline and follow up 1 and between follow up 2 and baseline (i.e. P<0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis Test showed no significant difference between the treatment and placebo groups. This was the case for all three subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey. The results of the study led to the conclusion that statistically the homoeopathic complex (Germanium metallicum 30CH, Nux vomica 12CH, Kalium phosphoricum 6CH, Picricum acidum 6CH) was not effective in the treatment of job burnout.
An investigation into patient management protocols for low back pain by chiropractors in greater Durban area
Authors:   , Palmer Robert H.
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate patient management protocols of low back pain (LBP) by chiropractors in the greater Durban metropolitan area. In this investigation a more generalized approach was chosen to investigate trends within the field of patient management and education for LBP. The study population of 80 chiropractors in the greater Durban metropolitan area, required a minimum response rate of 70% to obtain statistical significance (Esterhuizen, 2008), which was achieved. This study involved a quantitative descriptive design utilizing a questionnaire developed and validated by the researcher and focus group. The questionnaire was comprised of three sections, including personal information, treatment protocols and patient management with advice and education. Statistical analysis involved the use of SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA), a data analysis tool. Descriptive objectives were analysed with frequency tables and cross-tabulation tables (Esterhuizen, 2008). Demographic variables and practice variables were assessed for association with responses to the questionnaire using Pearson’s Chi square test in the case of categorical demographics and responses (Esterhuizen, 2008). Bar graphs were included to reflect the treatments that were always or frequently used by respondents (Esterhuizen, 2008). There appeared to be a wide range of influences on practice philosophy and methods, independent of demographics and training institute. A chiropractor’s age was regarded as significant with regard to philosophical orientation. However, the majority of these chiropractors obtained their qualifications from international colleges. vi Spinal manipulations directed at quadratus lumborum myofascial trigger points were strongly advocated by respondents. Specific short lever manipulations were the preferred manipulation technique for treatment of LBP. Sacroiliac joint manipulation was also considered important by a significant proportion of respondents. Respondents most commonly recommended the use of mobilizations and cryotherapy when contra-indications to manipulation were evident. There was consensus in the number of days before the first follow-up after an initial treatment for a presentation of acute LBP, where 96.42% of respondents recommended follow-up at day 1 or 2. In chronic LBP first follow-up after initial treatment was recommended by 41.1% of respondents on day 2; 28.6% day 3 and 8.9% on day 1. Management protocols for acute LBP appeared to be more uniform when compared to management of chronic LBP. Despite the variances in philosophy and management protocols amongst respondents, there remains consensus that manual articular manipulation remains the mainstay in chiropractic treatment protocols for both acute and chronic LBP.
The knowledge, perception and utilisation of vitamin and mineral supplements, natural medicines and pharmacological agents as adjuncts to chiropractic practice in South Africa
Authors:   , De Gouveia Natalie
Published: May 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, perception and utilisation of vitamins and minerals, natural medicines and pharmacological agents as adjuncts to Chiropractic practice in South Africa. Method: This study was a population based cross sectional survey utilising a descriptive, quantitative questionnaire study design. The questionnaire was distributed to all practicing qualified Chiropractors (n=388) and masters Chiropractic students (n=102) in South Africa. Results: The results obtained (30.4% response rate), indicated that the majority of the respondents (62.8%) felt qualified to advise patients on vitamins and mineral supplements and had a positive view of the use of vitamins and minerals as part of Chiropractic patient management (86.6%). The majority of the practitioners were aware that topical substances are part of the scope of practice and males were nearly twice as likely as females to use them. The majority thought biopuncture should be available to Chiropractors (82%) and felt that Chiropractors should challenge the legislation to incorporate biopuncture as part of the scope of practice (77.5%). Most respondents agreed with the statement indicating that NSAIDS should be part of Chiropractic scope of practice and 71% of respondents felt that being able to use NSAIDS in non-emergency situations would enhance patient retention. This study revealed that amongst the student population the majority, if allowed, would consider administering pharmacological agents in practice (55.1%). Conclusion: A correlation exists between the perception, knowledge and utilisation of vitamins and minerals, natural medicines and pharmacological agents in the Chiropractic profession with respect to the demographic data and there is a significant difference in opinion between qualified Chiropractors and Chiropractic masters students regarding perception, knowledge and utilisation of these adjuncts to practice.
CITY TOURISM DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Partyka Iryna , Voronchak Ivan , Partyka Yurii
Published: May 2022

The importance of the socio-economic significance of the tourism industry in small towns is conveyed in the article. The development of the tourism industry is considered as the main specialization of the municipal economy. An integrated approach to the development of tourism and the formation of the tourism industry within the framework of modern strategies for small towns is proposed. The hierarchy of connections of all levels of government in the field of tourism is presented in the article. The mechanism of tourism industry management is considered. The effectiveness of the functioning of public-private partnership in the field of tourism has been brought.
АНАЛІЗ РИНКУ БАНКІВСЬКОГО СОЦІАЛЬНОГО КРЕДИТУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Ільків Наталія , Творидло Ольга
Published: May 2022

Стаття присвячена розгляду соціального банківського кредитування в Україні. Проаналізований стан складових соціального банківського кредитування, виявлені основні проблеми та тенденції розвитку ринку соціального кредитування. За результатами аналізу наукових джерел визначені основні шляхи подальшого розвитку соціального напряму банківського кредитування.
УСТОЙЧИВОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ – НОВОЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ ПРОГРЕССА
Authors: Пириева Гюнай
Published: May 2022

На фоне достижений последних десятилетий сегодня в мире наблюдаются диаметрально противоположные тенденции такие, как экологический кризис, экономический дисбаланс, усиливающий социальную поляризацию и увеличивающий разрыв уровней жизни людей, расовые и этнические конфликты, политическая нестабильность и т.д. Поэтому для современной цивилизации крайне необходим переход на качественно новый уровень развития, а именно устойчивого развития, которое позволило бы обеспечить баланс между решением социально-экономических проблем и сохранением окружающей среды. В данной работе уделяется внимание рассмотрению устойчивого развития, его основополагающих целей и возможность их реализации.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КОРПУС-ПРОЄКТІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ НАВЧАННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ
Authors: Бабчук Юлія , Бабій Сергій
Published: May 2022

У статті описано використання корпус-проєктів, а саме проєкту SmartKom на заняттях з вивчення іноземних мов. Проаналізовано основні принципи роботи з цими проєктами, можливості розпізнавання вимови мовців, демонстрування вимови іноземних мов за допомогою інтонограм, графіків, осцилограм тощо. Виділено найважливіші переваги використання проєктів: розвиток усіх мовленнєвих навичок, розширення словникового запасу, закріплення граматичного матеріалу, можливість комунікації у режимі людина – комп’ютер та навпаки, можливість створення і зберігання інформації, візуалізації вимови, використання тривимірних анімаційних роликів, створення діалогічних систем та створення умов для самоосвіти і самовдосконалення навичок і вмінь студентів. Мультимодальна діалогічна система SmartKom досліджує просодію емоційного мовлення, міміку обличчя людини та відстежує емоційне ставлення мовця до одержаної інформації. Важливим також є виділення найважливіших ознак вказаних вище проєктів, а саме: доступність, легкість у використанні, можливість комунікації та співпраці, зокрема віддаленої, сприяння результативній самостійній роботі студентів. Ці проєкти відповідають принципам багатоканального навчання, залучають велику кількість органів чуття людини, що сприяє усуненню мовних та психологічних бар’єрів, супроводжуються позитивними емоціями та показниками успішності навчання. Вагомим внеском є врахування індивідуальних особливостей навчання студентів, зокрема темпу сприйняття навчального матеріалу. У статті зазначено, що за допомогою вказаних технологій можна виявити просодичні характеристики мовлення, відстежити емоційне ставлення людини до одержаної інформації.
PREPARATİON OF NANOEMULSİON FROM DEER ANTLERS (CERVUS ELAPHUS SİBİRİCUS) FED İN AZERBAİJAN AND ASSESSMENT OF SOME QUALİTY İNDİCATORS
Authors: Mehraliyeva Sevil , Babayev Elmar
Published: May 2022

One of the important issues of pharmaceutical technology is the creation of new dosage forms based on animal raw materials that ensure the long-term effect of medicines. One such form of medicine is nanoemulsions. Nanoemulsions are widely used in pharmaceutical systems. The nanoemulsion formula offers a number of advantages, such as the delivery of drugs, biological or diagnostic tools. The most important application of nanoemulsion is to mask the unpleasant taste of oily liquids. Nanoemulsions can also protect drugs that are subject to hydrolysis and oxidation. Currently, nanoemulsions are used for the targeted delivery of various anti-cancer drugs, photosensitizers or therapeutic agents. Nanoemulsion can also provide long-term effects of drugs. In general, all compositions of nanoemulsions can be considered effective, safe and have increased bioavailability [12]. Taking into account the above-mentioned, the optimal composition of nanoemulsions was obtained on the basis of extracts obtained by three-phase extraction from deer antlers grown in Azerbaijan.
MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF RABBIT BLOOD DURING MIGRATION OF CYSTICERCUS PISIFORMIS
Authors: Bogach Mykola , Horobei Olesandr
Published: May 2022

During the migration period of Cysticercus pisiformis, the largest changes in the morphological parameters of rabbit blood occur on the 25th and 35th day and register hemoglobinemia (78.97 ± 1.21 g / l and 80.22 ± 1.01 g / l) (р˂0.001)), erythropenia (3.76 ± 0.21 T / l and 3.98 ± 0.11 T / l (p˂0.001)) and an increase in white blood cells by 32.1% and 29.1%. Eosinophilia (6.24 ± 0.31 and 5.02 ± 0.12% (p˂0.01)), lymphopenia, monocytosis and an increase in rod-shaped neutrophils by 61.4% and 47.3% were registered in the leukoformula. An increase in the leukocyte intoxication index by 43.9% and 51.5% indicates a significant inflammatory process during the migration of C. pisiformis.
ПЕТРОГРАФІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ БАЗАЛЬТІВ ЛУЧИЧІВСЬКОЇ СВІТИ ТРАПОВОЇ ФОРМАЦІЇ ЕДІАКАРІЮ ЗАХІДНОЇ ВОЛИНІ У ЗВʼЯЗКУ З МІДЕНОСНІСТЮ
Authors: Бацевич Наталія , Федоришин Юрій , Наумко Ігор
Published: May 2022

Мета. Дослідження петрографії базальтів лучичівської світи (на прикладі свердловини № 8262), як передумови встановлення причин локалізації промислової міднорудної мінералізації в певних ділянках трапової формації Західної Волині. Методика. Для визначення горизонтів, збагачених самородною міддю за вертикаллю, відібрано і схарактеризовано 40 зразків керну за розрізом свердловини № 8262 максимальної товщини від підошви до покрівлі потоку та проведено петрографічні дослідження (поляризаційні мікроскопи OLYMPUS CX41 та ПОЛАМ 312, цифровий фотоапарат Nikon D3100). Результати. 1. Базальти лучичівської товщі характеризуються поступовим зростанням ступеня кристалічності від покрівлі та підошви в напрямку внутрішньої частини товщі; 2.Найвищий ступінь розкристалізованості (до 90 % кристалічної фази) властивийбазальтам з ознаками діабазів, які простежуються з 6-го метру від поверхні і займають біля 65% розрізу. На даному інтервалі спостерігається підвищення концентрацій міді; 3.Практично повністю відсутні ознаки присутності протокристалічної фази4.Найбільше поширення отримали інтерсертальна та толеїтова структури. В окремихвипадках спостерігаються ознаки пілотакситової структури, що вказує на прояв флюїдальності; 5. Максимальна кількість рудних мінералів (титаномагнетит  ільменіт ± магнетит) нагромаджується у верхній частині потоку; 6. Характерна відсутність меланократових різновидів базальтів у нижній частині потоку та утворення максимальних вмістів рудних мінералів (зокрема і концентрації міді) у середній або нижній частинах розрізу, 7. Максимальні концентрації міді приурочені виключно до верхів виливу, де в петрографічному плані зустрічається виключно афанітова структура. Ці ознаки свідчать, що процес направленої кристалізаційної диференціації при формуванні базальтів лучичівської світи не отримав розвитку. Наукова новизна. Вперше проведено детальні петрографічні дослідження від підошви до покрівлі лучичівської світи трапової формації Західної Волині на прикладі свердловини 8262, яка за літературними джерелами вважається стратотипною. В результаті проведених досліджень встановлено рудоносні і безрудні горизонти і схарактеризовано основні петрографічні особливості, які притаманні тому чи іншому горизонту. Практична значимість. Отримані результати можуть бути використані виробничими організаціями геологічного профілю при проведенні пошуково-розвідувальних робіт з метою підготовки перспективних площ до розвідки Північногірницького і Рафалівського рудоносних полів (рудних вузлів) у межах Ратненської горст-антикліналі.
ABOUT CLASSES OF BASIC FUNCTIONS FOR GENERALIZED TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: Denysiuk Volodymyr , Tupko Natalia , Hryshko Olena
Published: May 2022

This article describes some methods of constructing basic functions with certain differential properties, on which generalized trigonometric functions are given. Functions with certain differential properties are considered, and the construction of such functions through Fourier coefficients with a certain decreasing order; combinations of both methods are also possible. It is shown that the class of basic functions is wide enough to coordinate the choice of these functions for research.
УРОЖАЙНІСТЬ КАПУСТИ ПЕКІНСЬКОЇ ЗА ВИРОЩУВАННЯ У ВЕСНЯНІЙ ПЛІВКОВІЙ ТЕПЛИЦІ
Authors: Садовська Надія , Попович Галина , Гамор Андрій , Лазар Михайло
Published: May 2022

Наведено результати досліджень росту й розвитку сортів капусти пекінської Елітсорт, Мішель, Пак-Чой та гібриду Монако F1 за вирощування у плівковій теплиці. Проаналізовано строки проходження фенофаз, вивчено біометричні параметри сортів та гібриду в різних фазах вегетації рослин, визначено площу асиміляційної поверхні листків у різних варіантах досліджень. Встановлено загальну та товарну врожайність зразків. Виявлено, що гібрид Монако F1 та Елітсорт за всіма параметрами переважали інші зразки.
METHODS, MODELS AND MEANS OF INTERACTION WITH THE CAR USING OBD-2 DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Golian Vira , Rybitskyi Oleksandr
Published: May 2022

Today, the car has become an integral part of our lives. Especially in big cities. Someone has their own car, someone uses a taxi. But the fact remains one thing - we are faced with cars every day. Now the car gives a person not just the opportunity to move comfortably around the city. It actually gives the motorist complete freedom in his actions. He does not need to depend on public transport, schedule, shortcomings of the route, infrastructure, etc.
Vivências na Atenção Primária à Saúde: desenvolvimento de conhecimento e humanização em saúde através de Liga Acadêmica
Authors: Aparecida Cerqueira Marcos Eliene , Wanderley de Queiroz Andrade Cleusa , Macedo Ribeiro Dannyel , Homero dos Santos Cardona Júnior Aristóteles
Published: May 2022

Este artigo relata o aprendizado baseado em vivências na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), por um grupo de acadêmicos de medicina, proporcionadas pela Liga Acadêmica de Medicina de Família e Comunidade (LAMFAC) da Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF) em Petrolina/PE no período de 2018 a 2020, para a formação de um conhecimento popular em saúde. A inserção dos estudantes na APS possibilita uma educação em saúde pública cujo aprendizado valoriza as reais necessidades de saúde da população; estando as experiências além das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS), ocorrendo também ações de solidariedade em projetos de extensão, como no Acampamento Isabel Cristina e Democracia, localizado no bairro Maria Tereza em Petrolina, Pernambuco, no período de 2018 a 2019, e atividades nas Terras Indígenas Pankararu, localizada no sertão pernambucano, no período de 2018 a 2019. As vivências na APS são essenciais para a formação médica e a construção de uma nova ótica do processo saúde-doença.
Doenças Tropicais Negligenciadas: Perspectivas de eliminação da Hanseníase em Petrolina - PE e Juazeiro - BA, Brasil 2020
Authors: Cunha dos Santos Maria Eduarda , Cerqueira Marcos Eliene Aparecida , Coelho De Carvalho Miranda Filho Ramon , Barros Bezerra de Deus Danyelton , Moreno de Oliveira Fernandes Tânia Rita
Published: May 2022

As doenças tropicais negligenciadas são um grupo de enfermidades características de países em desenvolvimento, onde a sua proliferação e manutenção dá-se devido às precárias condições sanitárias e de saúde pública. Este artigo dará enfoque a situação epidemiológica da hanseníase em duas cidades da região do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina-PE e Juazeiro-BA, descrevendo o cenário frente às metas estipuladas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e Ministério da Saúde para a eliminação da enfermidade. Os dados foram colhidos dos sites do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, no período de 2010 a 2019, em pacientes maiores de 15 anos. Durante o período estudado, ambas as cidades apresentaram elevada taxa de detecção, Juazeiro atingiu o pico de notificações em 2011 com 94,97/100.000 e Petrolina teve número máximo de notificações em 2014, alcançando 115,66/100.000. Os municípios apresentaram inconstância em suas notificações, havendo alternâncias entre crescimento e declínio de casos. Embora essas cidades tenham mantido ações para combater a disseminação e a incapacidade provocada pela doença, esses dados ainda são alarmantes, estando muito acima da média nacional. Ressalta-se, a existência de certas barreiras que impossibilitam a concretização das metas, a exemplo das desigualdades socioeconômicas. Dessa forma, a informação e a participação da sociedade civil são cruciais para a erradicação da doença.
Collective geographical eco-regions and precursor sources driving Arctic new particle formation
Authors: Brean James , Beddows David  C. S. , Harrison Roy M. , Song Congbo , Tunved Peter , Ström Johan , Krejci Radovan , Freud Eyal , Massling Andreas , Skov Henrik , Asmi Eija , Lupi Angelo , Dall’Osto Manuel
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The Arctic is a rapidly changing ecosystem, with complex ice-ocean-atmosphere feedbacks. An important process is new particle formation (NPF) from gas phase precursors, which provide a climate forcing effect. NPF has been studied comprehensively at different sites in the Arctic ranging from those in the high Arctic, those at Svalbard, and those in the continental Arctic, but no harmonized analysis has been performed on all sites simultaneously, with no calculations of key NPF parameters available for some sites. Here, we analyse the formation and growth of new particles from six long-term ground-based stations in the Arctic (Alert, Villum, Tiksi, Mt. Zeppelin, Gruvebadet. & Utqiagvik). Our analysis of particle formation and growth rates, as well as back trajectory analysis shows summertime maxima in frequency of NPF and particle formation rate at all sites, although the mean frequency and particle formation rates themselves vary greatly between sites, highest at Svalbard, and lowest in the high Arctic. Growth rate, condensational sinks and vapour source rates show a slight bias towards the southernmost sites, with vapour source rates varying by around an order of magnitude between the northernmost and southernmost sites. Air masse back trajectories during NPF at these northernmost sites are associated with large areas of sea ice and snow, whereas events at Svalbard are associated with more sea ice and ocean regions. Events at the southernmost sites are associated with large areas of land, and sea ice. These results emphasize how understanding the geographical variation in surface type across the Arctic is key to understanding secondary aerosol sources, and provide a harmonised analysis of NPF across the Arctic.
Updated spectral radiance calibration on TIR bands for the TANSO-FTS-2 onboard GOSAT-2
Authors: Suto Hiroshi , Kataoka Fumie , Knuteson Robert O. , Shiomi Kei , Kikuchi Nobuhiro , Kuze Akihiko
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The Thermal and Near-Infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation Fourier-Transform Spectrometer-2 (TANSO-FTS-2) onboard the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite-2 (GOSAT-2) observes a wide spectral region of the atmosphere, from the ShortWave-InfraRed (SWIR) to longwave Thermal InfraRed radiation (TIR) with 0.2 cm-1 spectral intervals. The TANSO-FTS-2 has operated nominally since Feb 2019, and the atmospheric radiance spectra it has acquired have been released to the public. This paper describes an updated model for spectral radiance calibration and its validation. The model applies to the version 210210 TIR products of the TANSO-FTS-2 and integrates polarization sensitivity correction for the internal optics and the scanner mirror thermal emission. These correction parameters are characterized by an optimization which depends on the difference between the spectral radiance of the TANSO-FTS-2 and coincident nadir observation data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on METOP-B. To validate the updated spectral radiance product against other satellite products, temporally and spatially coincident observation points were considered for Simultaneous Nadir Overpass (SNO) from February 2019 to March 2021 from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on Aqua, IASI on METOP-B, and TANSO-FTS on GOSAT. The agreement of brightness temperatures between the TANSO-FTS-2 and AIRS and IASI was better than 0.3 K (1σ) from 180 K to 330 K for the 680 cm-1 CO2 channel. The brightness temperatures between the TANSO-FTS-2 and TANSO-FTS of version v230231, which implemented a new polarization reflectivity of the pointing mirror and was released in June 2021, generally agree from 220 K to 320 K. However, there is a discrepancy at lower brightness temperatures, pronounced for CO2 channels at high latitudes. To characterize the spectral radiance bias for along-track and cross-track angles, a 2-Orthogonal Simultaneous Off-Nadir Overpass (2O-SONO) is now done for the TANSO-FTS-2 and IASI, the TANSO-FTS-2 and AIRS, and the TANSO-FTS-2 and TANSO-FTS. The 2O-SONO comparison results indicate that the TIR product for the TANSO-FTS-2 has a bias that exceeds 0.5 K in the CO2 channel for scenes with forward and backward viewing angles greater than 20°. These multi-satellite sensor and multi-angle comparison results suggest that the calibration of spectral radiance for the TANSO-FTS-2 TIR, version v210210, is superior to that of the previous version in its consistency of multi-satellite sensor data. In addition, the paper identifies the remaining challenging issues in current TIR products.
Oil slicks in the Gulf of Guinea – 10 years of Envisat ASAR observations
Authors: Najoui Zhour , Amoussou Nellya , Riazanoff Serge , Aurel Guillaume , Frappart Frédéric
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Gulf of Guinea is a very active area regarding maritime traffic as well as oil and gas exploitation (platforms). As a result of some actors of both sectors that fail to comply with environmental standards, the region is subject to a large number of oil pollutions. This study aims to detect oil slicks spilled in the Gulf of Guinea and analyse their spatial distribution using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. If previous works have already locally mapped oil slicks in this area, this study is the first one to achieve a global statistical analysis based on a very high number of radar images covering 17 Exclusive Economic Zones of the Gulf of Guinea. To carry out the present study, a database of 3,644 SAR images, collected between 2002 and 2012 by the Advanced SAR (ASAR) sensor onboard the European Spatial Agency (ESA) Envisat mission has been used. This database allowed the identification of 18,063 oil slicks. These "Oil slicks" herein detected regroup: "oil spills" – of anthropogenic origin- and "oil seeps" – of natural origin (natural oil reservoir leaks).
The direction of landscape erosion
Authors: Stark Colin P. , Stark Gavin J.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The rate of erosion of a landscape depends largely on local gradient and material fluxes.
Since both quantities are functions of the shape of the catchment surface, this dependence constitutes a mathematical straitjacket, in the sense that – subject to simplifying assumptions about the erosion process, and absent variations in external forcing and erodibility – the rate of change of surface geometry is solely a function of surface geometry.
Here we demonstrate how to use this geometric self-constraint to convert a gradient-dependent erosion model into its equivalent Hamiltonian, and explore the implications of having a Hamiltonian description of the erosion process.
To achieve this conversion, we recognize that the rate of erosion defines the velocity of surface motion in its orthogonal direction, and we express this rate in its reciprocal form as the surface-normal slowness.
By rewriting surface tilt in terms of normal slowness components and deploying a substitution developed in geometric mechanics, we extract what is known as the fundamental metric function of the model phase space; its square is the Hamiltonian.
Such a Hamiltonian provides several new ways to solve for the evolution of an erosion surface: here we use it to derive Hamilton's ray-tracing equations, which describe both the velocity of a surface point and the rate of change of the surface-normal slowness at that point.
In this context, gradient-dependent erosion involves two distinct directions: (i) the surface-normal direction, which points subvertically downwards, and (ii) the erosion ray direction, which points upstream at a generally small angle to horizontal with a sign controlled by the scaling of erosion with slope.
If the model erosion rate scales faster than linearly with gradient, the rays point obliquely upwards, but if erosion scales sublinearly with gradient, the rays point obliquely downwards.
This dependence of erosional anisotropy on gradient scaling explains why, as previous studies have shown, model knickpoints behave in two distinct ways depending on the gradient exponent.
Analysis of the Hamiltonian shows that the erosion rays carry boundary-condition information upstream, and that they are geodesics, meaning that surface evolution takes the path of least erosion time.
Correspondingly, the time it takes for external changes to propagate into and change a landscape is set by the velocity of these rays.
The Hamiltonian also reveals that gradient-dependent erosion surfaces have a critical tilt, given by a simple function of the gradient scaling exponent, at which ray-propagation behaviour changes. Channel profiles generated from the non-dimensionalized Hamiltonian have a shape entirely determined by the scaling exponents and by a dimensionless erosion rate expressed as the surface tilt at the downstream boundary.
Assessing variability in snowmelt bypass among thermokarst lakes using water isotope tracers, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Wilcox Evan J. , Wolfe Brent B. , Marsh Philip
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Snow represents the largest potential source of water for thermokarst lakes, but the runoff generated by snowmelt (freshet) can flow beneath lake ice and out of lakes without mixing with and replacing pre-snowmelt lake water. Although this phenomenon, called “snowmelt bypass”, is common in ice-covered lakes, it is unknown what lake and watershed properties cause variation in snowmelt bypass among lakes. Understanding the variability of snowmelt bypass is important because the amount of freshet that is mixed into a lake affects the limnological and biogeochemical properties of the lake. To explore lake and watershed attributes that influence snowmelt bypass, we sampled 17 open-drainage thermokarst lakes for isotope analysis before and after snowmelt. Isotope data were used to estimate the amount of lake water replaced by freshet and to observe how the water source of lakes changed in response to the freshet. A median of 25.2 % of lake water was replaced by freshet, with values ranging widely from 5.2 to 52.8 %. For every metre lake depth increased, the portion of lake water replaced by freshet decreased by an average of 13 %, regardless of the size of the lake’s watershed. Vertical mixing is more restricted in deeper lakes, which reduces the relative thickness of the layer where freshet can mix with lake water, leading to more snowmelt bypass at deeper lakes. We expect a similar relationship between increasing lake depth and greater snowmelt bypass could be present at all ice-covered open-drainage lakes, since the limited vertical mixing conditions that lead to this relationship are present at all ice-covered lakes. The water source of freshet that was mixed into lakes was not exclusively snowmelt, but a combination of snowmelt mixed with rain-sourced water that was released as the soil thawed after snowmelt. As climate warming increases rainfall and shrubification causes earlier snowmelt timing relative to lake ice melt, snowmelt bypass may become more prevalent with the water remaining in thermokarst lakes post-freshet becoming increasingly rainfall sourced. However, if climate change causes lake levels to fall below the outlet level (i.e., lakes become closed drainage) more freshet may be retained by thermokarst lakes as snowmelt bypass will not be able to occur until lakes reach their outlet level.
Impact of bias nonstationarity on the performance of uni- and multivariate bias-adjusting methods: a case study on data from Uccle, Belgium
Authors: Van de Velde Jorn , Demuzere Matthias , De Baets Bernard , Verhoest Niko E. C.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Climate change is one of the biggest challenges currently faced by society, with an impact on many systems, such as the hydrological cycle. To assess this impact in a local context, regional climate model (RCM) simulations are often used as input for rainfall-runoff models. However, RCM results are still biased with respect to the observations. Many methods have been developed to adjust these biases, but only during the last few years, methods to adjust biases that account for the correlation between the variables have been proposed. This correlation adjustment is especially important for compound event impact analysis. As an illustration, a hydrological impact assessment exercise is used here, as hydrological models often need multiple locally unbiased input variables to ensure an unbiased output. However, it has been suggested that multivariate bias-adjusting methods may perform poorly under climate change conditions because of bias nonstationarity. In this study, two univariate and four multivariate bias-adjusting methods are compared with respect to their performance under climate change conditions. To this end, a case study is performed using data from the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, located in Uccle. The methods are calibrated in the late 20th century (1970–1989) and validated in the early 21st century (1998–2017), in which the effect of climate change is already visible. The variables adjusted are precipitation, evaporation and temperature, of which the former two are used as input for a rainfall-runoff model, to allow for the validation of the methods on discharge. Although not used for discharge modeling, temperature is a commonly adjusted variable in both uni- and multivariate settings and we therefore also included this variable. The methods are evaluated using indices based on the adjusted variables, the temporal structure, and the multivariate correlation. The Perkins skill score is used to evaluate the full probability density function (PDF). The results show a clear impact of nonstationarity on the bias adjustment. However, the impact varies depending on season and variable: the impact is most visible for precipitation in winter and summer. All methods respond similarly to the bias nonstationarity, with increased biases after adjustment in the validation period in comparison with the calibration period. This should be accounted for in impact models: incorrectly adjusted inputs or forcings will lead to predicted discharges that are biased as well.
Experimental investigation of mini Gurney flaps in combination with vortex generators for improved wind turbine blade performance
Authors: Alber Jörg , Manolesos Marinos , Weinzierl-Dlugosch Guido , Fischer Johannes , Schönmeier Alexander , Nayeri Christian Navid , Paschereit Christian Oliver , Twele Joachim , Fortmann Jens , Melani Pier Francesco , Bianchini Alessandro
Published: May 2022

Abstract. This wind tunnel study investigates the aerodynamic effects of mini Gurney
flaps (MGFs) and their combination with vortex generators (VGs) on the
performance of airfoils and wind turbine rotor blades. VGs are installed on
the suction side aiming at stall delay and increased maximum lift. MGFs are
thin angle profiles that are attached at the trailing edge in order to
increase lift at pre-stall operation. The implementation of both these
passive flow control devices is accompanied by a certain drag penalty. The
wind tunnel tests are conducted at the Hermann-Föttinger Institut of
the Technische Universität Berlin based on two airfoils that are
characteristic of different sections of large rotor blades. Lift and drag
are determined using a force balance and a wake rake, respectively, for
static angles of attack between −5 and 17∘ at a Reynolds number of 1.5 million. The impact of different MGF heights including 0.25 %, 0.5 % and 1.0 % and a VG height of 1.1 % of the chord length is tested and evaluated. Furthermore, the clean and the tripped baseline cases are considered. In the latter, leading-edge transition is forced with Zig Zag (ZZ) turbulator tape. The preferred configurations are the smallest MGF on the NACA63(3)618 and the medium-sized MGF combined with VGs on the DU97W300. Next, the experimental lift and drag polar data are imported into the software QBlade in order to design a generic rotor blade. The blade performance is simulated with and without the add-ons by means of two case studies. In the first case, the retrofit application on an existing blade mitigates the adverse effects of the ZZ tape. Stall is delayed and the
aerodynamic efficiency is partly recovered leading to an improvement of the
power curve. In the second case, the new design application allows for the
design of a more slender blade while maintaining the rotor power. This
alternative blade appears to be more resistant against the adverse effects
of forced leading-edge transition.
The Utah Population Database. A Model for Linking Medical and Genealogical Records for Population Health Research
Authors: Smith Ken R. , Fraser Alison , Reed Diana Lane , Barlow Jahn , Hanson Heidi A. , West Jennifer , Knight Stacey , Forsythe Navina , Mineau Geraldine P.
Published: May 2022

Improving our understanding of the socio-environmental and genetic bases of disease and health outcomes among individuals, families, and populations over time requires extensive longitudinal data on multiple attributes for entire communities, states or nations. This requirement can be difficult to achieve. In this paper we describe a successful example of a database that meets these needs. The Utah Population Database (UPDB) is a unique and powerful database rarely found in the world that has been addressing these data requirements for over 40 years. The UPDB at the University of Utah is one of the world’s richest sources of in-depth information that supports research on genetics, epidemiology, demography, history, and public health. Genetic researchers have used UPDB to identify and study individuals and families that have higher than normal incidence of diseases or other traits, to analyze patterns of genetic inheritance, and to identify specific genetic mutations. Demographers and other social scientists are increasingly using the UPDB to study issues such as trends in fertility transitions and shifts in mortality patterns for both infants and adults. A central component of the UPDB is an extensive set of Utah family histories, in which family members are linked to demographic and medical information. The UPDB includes medical information about cancer, causes of death, and medical details associated with births. It also includes diagnostic records from statewide insurance claims data and healthcare facilities (hospital discharge, ambulatory surgery, emergency department encounters). UPDB is also linked to Medicare claims data, a federal health insurance program generally for persons age 65 or older. The UPDB provides access to information on more than 11 million individuals and supports nearly 400 research projects. We describe in detail the data components of the UPDB, how it can be accessed, issues related to its development, record linkage, governance and privacy protections, as well as plans for future developments.
Coordinating between histograms and box plots
Authors:   Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Lem Stephanie , Onghena Patrick ,   Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Verschaffel Lieven ,   Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Van Dooren Wim ,   Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Published: May 2022

Representational fluency consists of several aspects, like the efficiency with which one uses a particular representation and the efficiency with which one is able to coordinate between different representations. In this study we focused on this last element, more specifically on coordinating between histograms and box plots. Participants were 167 first year university students. They were asked to match box plots and histograms of the same distributions and to explain their matches. We found that students had one major difficulty when interpreting box plots: They tended to interpret the area of box plots incorrectly by assuming that a larger area represented more observations than a smaller area. In both items this led to incorrect matches and to incorrect explanations of these matches. Furthermore, students displayed several other misinterpretations.