bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Methylmercury Contamination and Proportion of Aquatic and Terrestrial Prey in Diets of Shoreline Spiders
Authors: Ortega-Rodriguez Celeste L. , Chumchal Matthew M. , Drenner Ray W. , Kennedy James H. , Nowlin Weston H. , Barst Benjamin D. , Polk D. Kirkland , Hall MacGregor N. , Williams Edward B. , Lauck Kyle C. , Santa-Rios Andrea , Basu Niladri
Published: August 2019

Terrestrial organisms such as shoreline spiders that consume prey from aquatic food webs can be contaminated with methylmercury (MeHg). However, no studies have examined the relationship between MeHg contamination of shoreline spider taxa and the proportion of aquatic and terrestrial prey in their diets. The present study had 2 objectives: 1) determine concentrations of MeHg in 7 taxa of shoreline spiders, and 2) assess the relationship between concentrations of MeHg in spiders and the proportion of aquatic and terrestrial prey in spider diets. We collected shoreline spiders, emergent aquatic insects, and terrestrial insects from in and around 10 experimental ponds. Methylmercury concentrations were greatest in spiders, intermediate in aquatic insects, and lowest in terrestrial insects. The elevated MeHg concentrations in spiders indicate that they were feeding, at least in part, on emergent aquatic insects. However, variability in MeHg concentration observed among spider taxa suggested that the proportion of aquatic and terrestrial prey in spider diets likely varied among taxa. We estimated the proportion of aquatic and terrestrial prey in the diet of each spider taxon from the nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) isotope values of spiders and their potential aquatic and terrestrial prey items. The median proportion of aquatic prey in spider diets varied by almost 2-fold, and MeHg concentrations in shoreline spiders were strongly correlated with the proportion of aquatic prey in their diet. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that the degree of connectivity to aquatic food webs determines MeHg contamination of shoreline spiders. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2503–2508. © 2019 SETAC

Abstract

The concentration of MeHg in spider taxa increased as a function of the proportion of aquatic prey in their diet, demonstrating for the first time that the degree of connectivity to aquatic food webs determines MeHg contamination of shoreline spiders.
X‐ray computed tomography for quality inspection of agricultural products: A review
Authors: Du Zhe , Hu Yongguang , Ali Buttar Noman , Mahmood Ashraf
Published: August 2019

The quality of agricultural products relates to the internal structure, which has long been a matter of interest in agricultural scientists. However, inspection methods of the opaque nature of internal information on agricultural products are usually destructive and require sample separation or preparation. X‐ray computed tomography (X‐ray CT) technology is one of the important nondestructive testing (NDT) technologies without sample separation and preparation. In this study, X‐ray CT technology is used to obtain two‐dimensional slice images and three‐dimensional tomographic images of samples. The purpose of the review was to provide an overview of the working principle of X‐ray CT technology, image processing, and analysis. This review aims to focus on the development of the agricultural products (e.g., wheat, maize, rice, apple, beef) and its applications (e.g., internal quality evaluation, microstructure observation, mechanical property measurement, and others) using CT scanner. This paper covers the aspects regarding the advantages and disadvantages of NDT technology, especially the unique advantages and limitations of X‐ray CT technology on the quality inspection of agricultural products. Future prospects of X‐ray CT technology are also put forward to become indispensable to the quality evaluation and product development on agricultural products.
The Ensemble Mars Atmosphere Reanalysis System (EMARS) Version 1.0
Authors: Greybush Steven J. , Kalnay Eugenia , Wilson R. John , Hoffman Ross N. , Nehrkorn Thomas , Leidner Mark , Eluszkiewicz Janusz , Gillespie Hartzel E. , Wespetal Matthew , Zhao Yongjing , Hoffman Matthew , Dudas Patrick , McConnochie Timothy , Kleinböhl Armin , Kass David , McCleese Daniel , Miyoshi Takemasa
Published: August 2019

The Ensemble Mars Atmosphere Reanalysis System (EMARS) dataset version 1.0 contains hourly gridded atmospheric variables for the planet Mars, spanning Mars Year (MY) 24 through 33 (1999 through 2017). A reanalysis represents the best estimate of the state of the atmosphere by combining observations that are sparse in space and time with a dynamical model and weighting them by their uncertainties. EMARS uses the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) for data assimilation with the GFDL/NASA Mars Global Climate Model (MGCM). Observations that are assimilated include the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) and Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) temperature retrievals. The dataset includes gridded fields of temperature, wind, surface pressure, as well as dust, water ice, CO2 surface ice and other atmospheric quantities. Reanalyses are useful for both science and engineering studies, including investigations of transient eddies, the polar vortex, thermal tides and dust storms, and during spacecraft operations.
Inhibitory milieu at the multiple sclerosis lesion site and the challenges for remyelination
Authors: Galloway Dylan A. , Gowing Elizabeth , Setayeshgar Solmaz , Kothary Rashmi
Published: August 2019

Regeneration of myelin, following injury, can occur within the central nervous system to reinstate proper axonal conductance and provide trophic support. Failure to do so renders the axons vulnerable, leading to eventual degeneration, and neuronal loss. Thus, it is essential to understand the mechanisms by which remyelination or failure to remyelinate occur, particularly in the context of demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorders. In multiple sclerosis, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) migrate to lesion sites to repair myelin. However, during disease progression, the ability of OPCs to participate in remyelination diminishes coincident with worsening of the symptoms. Remyelination is affected by a broad range of cues from intrinsic programming of OPCs and extrinsic local factors to the immune system and other systemic elements including diet and exercise. Here we review the literature on these diverse inhibitory factors and the challenges they pose to remyelination. Results spanning several disciplines from fundamental preclinical studies to knowledge gained in the clinic will be discussed.
HPV‐negative and HPV‐positive HNSCC cell lines show similar numerical but different structural chromosomal aberrations
Authors: Arenz Andrea , Patze Johannes , Kornmann Evelyn , Wilhelm Jochen , Ziemann Frank , Wagner Steffen , Wittig Andrea , Schoetz Ulrike , Engenhart‐Cabillic Rita , Dikomey Ekkehard , Fritz Barbara
Published: August 2019

Background

It was tested whether the difference in carcinogenesis between noxa and human papillomavirus (HPV)‐driven head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with a variation in genomic instability.

Methods

Conventional and molecular cytogenetics in HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative HNSCC cell lines.

Results

Numerical aneuploidy determined by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization and DNA ploidy was very similar for both entities with most chromosomes being present either in quadruplicate or triplicate, and only few are still diploid with, however, a striking similarity in the overall pattern. A clear difference was seen concerning the translocations formed, with no difference in the total amount but with a significantly higher genomic instability of HPV‐positive cell lines at chromosome 3 as compared to HPV‐negative cells.

Conclusion

The different processes of carcinogenesis of HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative HNSCC appear to result in a similar pattern of numerical but a clear difference in structural chromosomal aberrations.
Human resource management systems, employee well‐being, and firm performance from the mutual gains and critical perspectives: The well‐being paradox
Authors: Ho Hoang , Kuvaas Bård
Published: August 2019

In this study, we explored the additive, interactive, and nonlinear relationships among human resource management (HRM) systems, employee well‐being, and firm performance. Based on a sample of 14,384 employees nested within 1,347 firms, we obtained three main findings. First, HRM systems yield a performance effect that exceeds the effect of single practice, suggesting positive synergies among HRM practices. Second, the opportunity bundle has a positive impact on firm performance, but when integrating it with skills and motivation bundles, the result becomes negative, indicating dis‐synergy of interactions among HRM bundles. Third, at moderate levels of adoption, HRM practices are positively correlated with employee well‐being and higher levels of commitment, job satisfaction, and management relations, as well as lower levels of anxiety. However, at high levels, the relationship is less positive and even turns negative with lower levels of job satisfaction and management relations. To close, we present research implications and future directions after discussing our results.
Bioassessment of a Northwest Florida Estuary Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates
Authors: Nestlerode Janet A , Murrell Michael C , Hagy James D , Harwell Linda , Lisa Jessica A
Published: August 2019

Benthic invertebrate community composition was surveyed across the salinity gradient of the Pensacola Bay Estuary in Florida during summer 2016. Macrofauna densities ranged from 1000 to 9300 individuals m−2, with highest densities occurring at the upper estuary and the lowest in the mid- and lower estuary. Taxonomic richness and Shannon diversity were lowest in the upper estuary and increased along the salinity gradient. Small-bodied, near-surface infaunal polychaete species (e.g., Mediomastus ambiseta and Paraprionospio alata) dominated the macrofaunal community in fine sediment areas. We calculated the Gulf of Mexico Benthic Index of Biological Integrity for each site and compared the index scores with those from Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program - Estuaries, an earlier benthic assessment model. Condition evaluations by the different models did not match across all sites in this study; however, scores consistently indicated that most sites were at or near degraded levels, implying that Pensacola Bay represents a marginal habitat for a “healthy” benthic macrofauna community. This study provided new information about the benthic communities and sediments in the Pensacola Bay estuary. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:245–256. Published 2019. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Randomized trial of weight loss in primary breast cancer: Impact on body composition, circulating biomarkers and tumor characteristics
Authors: Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Rogers Laura Q. , Gibson Justin T. , Harada Shuko , Frugé Andrew D. , Oster Robert A. , Grizzle William E. , Norian Lyse A. , Yang Eddy S. , Della Manna Deborah , Jones Lee W. , Azrad Maria , Krontiras Helen
Published: August 2019

Obesity adversely impacts overall and cancer‐specific survival among breast cancer patients. Preclinical studies demonstrate negative energy balance inhibits cancer progression; however, feasibility and effects in patients are unknown. A two‐arm, single‐blinded, randomized controlled weight‐loss trial was undertaken presurgery among 32 overweight/obese, Stage 0–II breast cancer patients. The attention control arm (AC) received basic nutritional counseling and upper‐body progressive resistance training whereas the weight loss intervention (WLI) arm received identical guidance, plus counseling on caloric restriction and aerobic exercise to promote 0.68–0.92 kg/week weight loss. Anthropometrics, body composition, blood and survey data were collected at baseline and presurgery ∼30 days later. Tumor markers (e.g., Ki67) and gene expression were assessed on biopsy and surgical specimens; sera were analyzed for cytokines, growth and metabolic factors. Significant WLI vs. AC differences were seen in baseline‐to‐follow‐up changes in weight (−3.62 vs. −0.52 kg), %body fat (−1.3 vs. 0%), moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (+224 vs. +115 min/week), caloric density (−0.3 vs. 0 kcal/g), serum leptin (−12.3 vs. −4.0 ng/dl) and upregulation of tumor PI3Kinase signaling and cell cycle‐apoptosis related genes (CC‐ARG; all p‐values <0.05). Cytolytic CD56dimNK cell expression was positively associated with weight loss; CC‐ARG increased with physical activity. Increased tumor (nuclear) TNFα and IL‐1β, CX3CL1 and CXCL1 gene expression was observed in the WLI. Tumor Ki67 did not differ between arms. Feasibility benchmarks included 80% accrual, 100% retention, no adverse effects and excellent adherence. Short‐term weight loss interventions are feasible; however, mixed effects on tumor biology suggest unclear benefit to presurgical caloric restriction, but possible benefits of physical activity.
Post‐traumatic stress symptoms of children and adolescents exposed to the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake: A longitudinal study of 5‐HTTLPR genotype main effects and gene–environment interactions
Authors: Li Gen , Wang Li , Cao Chengqi , Fang Ruojiao , Hall Brian J. , Elhai Jon D. , Liberzon Israel
Published: August 2019

Experiencing disasters causes severe mental disorders, among which post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most common. We conducted a longitudinal study to examine the effect of 5‐hydroxyl tryptamine transporter gene‐linked polymorphic region (5‐HTTLPR) genotype on child and adolescent PTSD symptom course after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. We genotyped 963 participants who personally experienced the earthquake. PTSD symptoms were measured by University of California, Los Angeles PTSD reaction index at 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 years after the earthquake, respectively. Latent growth model was utilised to examine the main effect and gene–environment interaction effect of 5‐HTTLPR on PTSD's symptom course. 5‐HTTLPR genotype predicted initial PTSD symptom severity (β = 0.108, p = .019) and rates of symptom recovery (β = −0.120, p = .031) between 2.5 and 5.5 years. Compared with L′ allele carriers, those with S′S′ genotype showed higher initial symptom severity but also faster recovery rate. 5‐HTTLPR genotype only predicted symptom severity at 2.5 years after the earthquake, after controlling for sex, age, ethnicity and trauma severity (β = 0.108, p = .019). This is the first evidence of the effect of 5‐HTTLPR genotype on child and adolescent PTSD symptoms longitudinally, offering a novel perspective on the effect of 5‐HTTLPR on PTSD symptom development following trauma exposure.
Hsp70 inhibitors: Implications for the treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Moradi‐Marjaneh Reyhaneh , Paseban Maryam , Moradi Marjaneh Mahdi
Published: August 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Despite intensive advances in diagnosis and treatment of CRC, it is yet one of the leading cause of cancer related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, there is an urgent medical need for alternative therapeutic approaches to treat CRC. The 70 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70s) are a family of evolutionary conserved heat shock proteins, which play an important role in cell homeostasis and survival. They overexpress in various types of malignancy including CRC and are typically accompanied with poor prognosis. Hence, inhibition of Hsp70 may be considered as a striking chemotherapeutic avenue. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the progress made so far to discover compounds, which target the Hsp70 family, with particular emphasis on their efficacy in treatment of CRC. We also briefly explain the induction of Hsp70 as a strategy to prevent CRC.
GPU‐Accelerated Large‐Scale Excited‐State Simulation Based on Divide‐and‐Conquer Time‐Dependent Density‐Functional Tight‐Binding
Authors: Yoshikawa Takeshi , Komoto Nana , Nishimura Yoshifumi , Nakai Hiromi
Published: August 2019

The present study implemented the divide‐and‐conquer time‐dependent density‐functional tight‐binding (DC‐TDDFTB) code on a graphical processing unit (GPU). The DC method, which is a linear‐scaling scheme, divides a total system into several fragments. By separately solving local equations in individual fragments, the DC method could reduce slow central processing unit (CPU)‐GPU memory access, as well as computational cost, and avoid shortfalls of GPU memory. Numerical applications confirmed that the present code on GPU significantly accelerated the TDDFTB calculations, while maintaining accuracy. Furthermore, the DC‐TDDFTB simulation of 2‐acetylindan‐1,3‐dione displays excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer and provides reasonable absorption and fluorescence energies with the corresponding experimental values. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multivariable index for assessing the activity and predicting all‐cause mortality in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis
Authors: Kim Minyoung Kevin , Choi Hyeok , Kim Jae Yeon , Song Jason Jungsik , Park Yong‐Beom , Lee Sang‐Won
Published: August 2019

Background

So far, there has been no tool to estimate activity at diagnosis and predict all‐cause mortality in patients with ANCA‐associated vasculitis (AAV). Hence, we determined the initial predictors of them in patients with AAV.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 182 patients with AAV. Severe AAV was defined as Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) ≥ 16. The cutoffs were extrapolated by the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. The odds ratio (OR) and the relative risk (RR) were assessed using the multivariable logistic regression analysis and the chi‐square test, respectively.

Results

In the comparison analysis, patients with severe AAV exhibited the higher neutrophil and platelet counts, creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein, and the lower lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, and serum albumin than those without. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, creatinine ≥ 0.9 mg/dL (OR 2.264), lymphocyte count ≤ 1430.0/mm3 (OR 1.856), and hemoglobin ≤ 10.8 g/dL (OR 2.085) were associated with severe AAV. We developed a new equation of a multivariable index for AAV (MVIA) = 0.6 × (Lymphocyte count ≤ 1430.0/mm3) + 0.7 × (Hemoglobin ≤ 10.8 g/dL) + 0.8 × (Creatinine ≥ 0.9 mg/dL). The optimal cutoff of MVIA for severe AAV was set as 1.35. Severe AAV was identified more frequently in patients with MVIA at diagnosis ≥1.35 than those without (RR 4.432). Patients with MVIA at diagnosis ≥1.35 exhibited the lower cumulative patient survival rate than those without.

Conclusion

Multivariable index for AAV could assess the cross‐sectional activity and predict all‐cause mortality in patients with AAV.
Docking, Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and Evaluation of In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Bis/Monophenyl‐1‐aryl‐1H‐tetrazole‐5‐carboxylate
Authors: Sambandam Chandrakumari , Dhanavel Sivakumar , Haridoss Manikandan , Mannuthusamy Gopalakrishnan
Published: August 2019

Some novel compounds of bis/monophenyl‐1‐aryl‐1H‐tetrazole‐5‐carboxylate were synthesized by the equimolar reaction between bis/mono‐1‐aryl‐1H‐tetrazole and phenyl chloroformate in the presence of NaOH in dry tetrahydrofuran. The content was stirred for 4 h at room temperature. Structures of these synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and mass spectrometric methods. The in vitro antifungal activity study demonstrates that results of compounds 6g and 6h are excellent, 6e a comparatively good one, and other compounds are moderate. The C docker energy of compounds 6g and 6h were −38.22 and −32.62 kcal/mol and that of compound 6e was −21.26 kcal/mol.
Overview on Recent Approaches towards Synthesis of 2‐Keto‐annulated Oxazole Derivatives
Authors: Aljaar Nayyef , Gujjarappa Raghuram , Al‐Refai Mahmoud , Shtaiwi Majed , Malakar Chandi C.
Published: August 2019

In recent years, oxazole derivatives have emerged as one of the formidable groups of compounds in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. The titled compounds 2‐keto‐annulated oxazoles play an important role towards the medicinal aspects. There has been an appearance of a significant number of research articles and reviews to explore the wide utility of oxazole derivatives. However, till now, there has been no dedicated review published focusing on the synthesis of 2‐keto‐annulated oxazole derivatives. Herein, we have presented the recent protocols available in literature for the synthesis of 2‐keto‐annulated oxazoles and highlighted the advantages of these methods that would attract the attention of a broad range of readers in the chemistry community.
Why interventions to prevent intimate partner violence and HIV have failed young women in southern Africa
Authors: Mannell Jenevieve , Willan Samantha , Shahmanesh Maryam , Seeley Janet , Sherr Lorraine , Gibbs Andrew
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Adolescent girls and young women aged 15 to 24 years have some of the highest HIV incidence rates globally, with girls two to four times more likely to be living with HIV than their male peers. High levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by this age group is a significant risk factor for HIV acquisition. While behavioural interventions to prevent IPV and HIV in southern Africa have seen some success in reducing self‐reported experiences of IPV, these interventions have largely failed to achieve similar outcomes for young women.

Discussion

We identify three main reasons for the failure of IPV/HIV interventions for many young women in southern Africa. First, interventions are usually developed without the meaningful involvement of both young women and young men. Youth input into research design is largely focused on user testing or consultation of targeted groups, involving relatively low levels of participation. Second, interventions are focused on addressing individual risk factors rather than broader social and structural contexts of being a young woman. “Risk factor” interventions, rather than supporting women's agency, can pose a major barrier for supporting changes in behaviour among young women because they often fail to dislodge well‐entrenched gender and age‐related inequalities. Third, current intervention models have not adequately accounted for changes in gender norms and relationships across southern Africa. Individuals are getting married later in life (or not at all), new technologies are transforming romantic interactions and opening new opportunities for violence, and discussions about women's rights are both challenging gender inequalities and reinforcing them.

Conclusions

In order to move beyond the status quo of current approaches, and to support real innovation, IPV/HIV prevention interventions need to be co‐developed with youth as part of a meaningful participatory process of research, intervention design, youth involvement in development and implementation. This process of co‐development needs to be radical and break with the current focus on adapting existing interventions to meet the needs of young people, which are not well understood and often do not directly reflect their priorities. Broader social contexts and compound lenses are needed to avoid narrow approaches and to accommodate evolving norms.
Satellite data reveal southwestern Tibetan plateau cooling since 2001 due to snow‐albedo feedback
Authors: Guo Donglin , Sun Jianqi , Yang Kun , Pepin Nick , Xu Yongming , Xu Zhiqing , Wang Huijun
Published: August 2019

Given the threats that climate change poses to solid water reservoirs on the Tibetan plateau (TP), there is significant interest in understanding spatial patterns of climate change and their causes. Weather station observations have been extensively examined, but are scarce, resulting in an incomplete understanding of climate change across the TP, particularly in the west. Using recent (2001–2015) satellite‐based data sets (2 m air temperature, land surface temperature, albedo and snow cover), this study reveals that mean annual 2 m air temperature in the southwestern TP has decreased by 0.15°C/decade in contrast to overall warming (+0.18°C/decade) on the rest of the TP. Up to 45% (74%) of the variance in the annual (spring) 2 m air temperature can be explained by simultaneous change in snow‐induced albedo in the southwestern TP. The free atmosphere column over this region and Northwest India is cooling, providing a favourable environment for the decrease in 2 m air temperature observed. Moreover, the anomalous water vapour transport into the southwestern TP is advantageous for increased snowfall and the associated decrease in 2 m air temperature. The implications of this anomalous cooling under global warming have yet to be fully considered, in particular for the futures of glaciers and snowpack over the Himalayan Mountains in the southwestern TP.
Temporal relations between precipitable water vapour and precipitation during wet seasons based on nearly two decades of data from the Lhasa River valley, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liang Hong , Zhang Yong , Cao Lijuan , Cao Yunchang
Published: August 2019

Hourly precipitation and ground‐based Global Positioning System sensing precipitable water vapour (PW) measurements are analysed to better understand the relationships between PW and precipitation at small time scales. The measurements were made during the wet seasons—from May to September each year—between 2001 and 2017 at the Lhasa River Valley, a region representative over the Tibetan Plateau. In addition, we validate the power law expected from the critical phenomena in atmospheric precipitation using hourly PW and precipitation observations made in the region. The results show that peaks in PW, low cloud cover and precipitation values, and high frequencies of lightning usually occur under conditions of convective activities during the wet season which extends from May to September at the Lhasa River Valley. PW is found to have considerable autocorrelation periods that are twice longer as those in tropical regions. In addition, composite analysis results show that precipitation increases with PW. In the time range extending 36 to 7 hr prior to precipitation events, PW increases slowly. This phenomenon is likely related to synoptic‐scale atmospheric activities. From 6 to 0 hr prior to precipitation events, PW increases rapidly—a change that is likely to be associated with mesoscale convective activities. The peak of PW is about 1 hr before the peak of precipitation, indicating that PW increases stimulate precipitation occurrences. Furthermore, our results show that the power law represents well the relationship between PW and precipitation with a PW critical value of 21.5 mm for Lhasa River valley. Also, this critical value is a tipping point for the number distribution of PW measurements. When the PW is less than the critical value, the number of PW measurements increases gradually along with the growth of PW. Otherwise, it drops rapidly.
Dumortierite and tourmaline from the Barchi‐Kol diamond‐bearing kyanite gneisses (Kokchetav massif): A Raman spectroscopic study and petrological implications
Authors: Korsakov Andrey V. , Rezvukhina Olga V. , Rezvukhin Dmitriy I. , Greshnyakov Evgeny D. , Shur Vladimir Ya.
Published: August 2019

Two minerals of boron, dumortierite and tourmaline, have been studied in a diamondiferous kyanite gneiss (Barchi‐Kol area, Kokchetav massif, Northern Kazakhstan) by Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe (EMP) analysis. Dumortierite and tourmaline (almost pure schorl end‐member) coexist within the sample, with blue/purple dumortierite inclusions hosted by kyanite porphyroblasts and blue tourmaline crystals occurring as inclusions in garnet. Optically, dumortierite appears almost identical to kyanite host and can be easily overlooked in thin sections during optical and scanning electron microscopic observations. Both boron minerals show a very strong anisotropy, and the most prominent Raman spectra can be obtained if the electric field vector E is parallel to the c axis of the dumortierite and tourmaline crystals. The Raman spectra of the investigated dumortierite are very similar to those of the synthetic dumortierite with a pronounced excess of boron (up to 0.26 [4]B), although the EMP examination revealed only one grain of the natural dumortierite studied here to have a very low boron surplus (up to 0.03 [4]B). Neither Raman spectroscopic study nor EMP analysis detected [4]B in tourmaline. The findings of dumortierite and tourmaline in the diamondiferous gneisses provide important implications for the presence of a boron‐rich fluid or melt during subduction/exhumation processes.
Simultaneous determination of five organophosphorus pesticide residues in different food samples by solid‐phase microextraction fibers coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Huang Xiao‐Chen , Ma Jin‐Kui , Feng Run‐Xiang , Wei Shou‐Lian
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Excessive or improper use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) may adversely affect human health through the food chain. In the present study, a simple, rapid and effective analytical method was successfully established and used for the determination of OPPs quinalphos and its analogs in different food samples.

RESULTS

Under the optimized experimental conditions, five OPPs (quinalphos, triazophos, parathion, fenthion and chlorpyrifos‐methyl) exhibit a good linearity within a range of 0.02 to 2.0 μg mL−1. The detection limit range was 3.0 to 10.0 μg L−1 (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3). The method was successfully used to detect and quantify the residues of quinalphos and its analogs in tomato, cabbage, barley and water samples; all spiked samples gave satisfactory recovery rates for the target analytes of between 82% and 98%, with a relative SD of 3.6% to 7.8%.

CONCLUSION

The results obtained show that the proposed method is an accurate, rapid and reliable sample pre‐treatment method with respect to giving a good enrichment factor and detection limit for determining quinalphos pesticide residues in different food samples. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Psychometrics of a Brief Trauma Symptom Screen for Youth in Residential Care
Authors: Tyler Patrick M. , Mason W. Alex , Chmelka Mary B. , Patwardan Irina , Dobbertin Matthew , Pope Kayla , Shah Niraj , Abdel‐Rahim Heba , Johnson Kimberly , Blair R. James
Published: August 2019

Trauma screening is an important element for providing trauma‐informed services to youth in residential care. Unfortunately, lack of time and resources may deter clinicians from conducting trauma screening at intake. This study tested the psychometric properties of the Brief Trauma Symptom Screen for Youth (BTSSY), which could be used during intake into residential care. Participants included 572 youth, ages 10–18 years (M = 14.28 years, SD = 2.31), of whom 58.9% were boys, 78.7% were Caucasian, 51.7% were youth receiving services in residential care, 15.6% were youth with clinical needs, and 32.7% were typically developing youth from the local community. Participants completed the BTSSY; other questionnaires of psychopathology, childhood maltreatment, and symptomology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); and diagnostic interviews, which were conducted by licensed psychiatrists. The total BTSSY score had a good composite reliability (CR) of .80 and was valid based on a significant positive correlation, r = .64, with the UCLA PTSD–Reaction Index. The BTSSY score was also fair, area under the curve = .75, at detecting a diagnosis of PTSD from a psychiatrist. Significant group differences in the BTSSY scores were found between youth with a diagnosis of PTSD and the other two groups, with moderate‐to‐large effect sizes, ds = 0.73–1.22. Preliminary results indicated the BTSSY may be a useful screening tool for identifying youth at residential care intake who may need additional assessment for PTSD. Limitations and implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Vegetation recovery after the removal of a facility in Elephant Island, Maritime Antarctic
Authors: Putzke Jair , Vieira Frederico Costa Beber , Pereira Antonio Batista
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the speed of revegetation of Antarctic soil affected by 13 years of anthropogenic influence in the form of a refuge building at Stinker Point, Elephant Island, Antarctica. Fourteen years after the removal, in the 2011/2012 austral summer, a qualitative survey of the vegetation cover and biodiversity was conducted using photographs and image processing of the entire field. Data were compared with records from the Technical Archive of the Brazilian Antarctic Program. Recovery had occurred at a faster rate than expected. There was a rapid covering of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae), Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske, and Bryum argentum Hedw. (Bryophyta), evidenced by the larger percentage of surface coverage and frequency by these species. The findings are important because they help establish new concepts on environmental security related to preserving plant communities in new Antarctic settlements or camps, supporting that the rapid recovery of the ecosystem after their removal is possible.
The Efficacy of Pulsed Dye Laser Pretreated With or Without Local Anesthetic on Patients Presenting With Erythema of Face, Neck, Chest, and Extremities
Authors: Chunharas Chatchadaporn , Boen Monica , Alhaddad Marwan , Wu Douglas C.
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives

Erythema is one of the most common cosmetic concerns and usually responds well to pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment. As this laser can cause significant discomfort, topical anesthesia is sometimes offered. However, it is still uncertain whether topical anesthetics can affect the outcome of the laser therapy. We performed a retrospective single site study to compare the efficacy of PDL for the treatment of erythema in patients with and without pretreatment with topical anesthetic.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

A chart review was performed and patients who presented with erythema of face, neck, chest, and extremities pretreated with topical anesthesia (23% lidocaine/7% tetracaine ointment or 7% lidocaine/7% tetracaine ointment) undergoing PDL were reviewed and compared with another group without anesthesia. Two blinded dermatologists evaluated the postlaser procedure photographs and gave an assessment compared with baseline.

Results

A total of 69 patient charts were reviewed. The erythema resulted from various skin conditions including telangiectasia, cherry angioma, striae, and rosacea. The mean improvement was 2.2581 in the anesthesia group and 2.2632 in the nonanesthesia group. There was no significant difference between both groups as confirmed by a noninferiority test.

Conclusions

Topical anesthesia with lidocaine and tetracaine ointment do not interfere with the efficacy of the PDL. Since pain management is essential for any cosmetic procedure, the application of a local anesthetic will enhance patient comfort and satisfaction during treatment with PDL. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generalized Besov–Morrey spaces and generalized Triebel–Lizorkin–Morrey spaces on domains
Authors: Izuki Mitsuo , Noi Takahiro
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we consider a non‐smooth atomic decomposition by using a smooth atomic decomposition. Applying the non‐smooth atomic decomposition, a local means characterization and a quarkonical decomposition, we obtain a pointwise multiplier and a trace operator for generalized Besov–Morrey spaces and generalized Triebel–Lizorkin–Morrey spaces on the whole space. We also develop the theory of those spaces on domains. We consider an extension operator and a trace operator on the upper half space and on compact oriented Riemannian manifolds.
Some equivalent definitions of Besov spaces of generalized smoothness
Authors: Loosveldt Laurent , Nicolay Samuel
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we present some alternative definitions of Besov spaces of generalized smoothness, defined via Littlewood–Paley‐type decomposition, involving weak derivatives, polynomials, convolutions and generalized interpolation spaces.
Exploring customer online reviews for new product development: The case of identifying reinforcers in the cosmetic industry
Authors: Haddara Moutaz , Hsieh Jenny , Fagerstrøm Asle , Eriksson Niklas , Sigurðsson Valdimar
Published: August 2019

This study analyzes online customer reviews in order to investigate customers' preferences regarding cosmetic products. Based on the marketing firm theory, this research explores the possibility of enhancing the bilateral contingent relationships between the customer and the marketing firm within the cosmetics domain. Hence, this study applies market‐search concepts by extracting customer reviews and employing text analytics to identify reinforcers and factors in cosmetic products, which customers are expecting, and their sentiments towards them. Our results suggest that some reinforcers are shared among all customers, but some vary among the different customer segments based on their age and skin tone.
MIMO‐OFDM‐radio over fiber system incorporating higher‐order space‐time block codes
Authors: Kaur Jaswinder , Sharma Vishal
Published: August 2019

Radio over fiber (RoF) is an indispensable technology for the amalgamation of microwave‐ and optical communication, which facilitates a flexible access‐network infrastructure proficient to endow with broadband wireless connectivity over an extensive assortment of applications. Achieving ample spectral efficiency in conjunction with excellent link reliability is the austere menace to the design of such prospect‐integrated systems. Moreover, amalgamation of multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) technology with multicarrier multiplexing (MCM) such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a proficient contender for supporting such next‐generation RoF‐based static‐ and mobile‐wireless systems. Earlier, the MIMO‐based multicarrier RoF systems are limited to the use of fourth‐order spatial diversity (2 × 2 antenna package) using the Alamouti code. Subsequently, the authors investigated the aptness and impetus of such integrated multicarrier RoF systems to provide a reliable and spectrally efficient system and proposed an orthogonal space‐time block code (OSTBC) equipped MIMO‐OFDM‐RoF system by incorporating higher order spatial diversity in conjunction with QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) schemes. The proposed work is carried out for NLOS (non‐line of sight) and LOS (line of sight) scenarios. Furthermore, the demonstrated work elucidates a relative QoS (Quality of Service) explorations of sixth (3 × 2 antenna package) and ninth order spatial diversity (3 × 3 antenna package) and recommend the optimal antenna package as per the requirements of the proposed integrated system in the demonstrated scenarios.
Characterization of radiochromic films as a micrometer‐resolution dosimeter by confocal Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Mirza Jamal Ahmad , Hernández Millares Rodrigo , Kim Geon Il , Park So‐Yeon , Lee Jaegi , Ye Sung‐Joon
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Micrometer spatial resolution dosimetry has become inevitable for advanced radiotherapy techniques. A new approach using radiochromic films was developed to measure a radiation dose at a micrometer spatial resolution by confocal Raman spectroscopy.

Methods

The commercial radiochromic films (RCF), EBT3 and EBT‐XD, were irradiated with known doses using 50, 100, 200, and 300 kVp, and 6‐MV x rays. The dose levels ranged from 0.3 to 50 Gy. The Raman mapping technique developed in our early study was used to readout an area of 100 × 100 µm2 on RCF with improved lateral and depth resolutions with confocal Raman spectrometry. The variation in Raman spectra of C‐C‐C deformation and C≡C stretching modes of diacetylene polymers around 676 and 2060 cm−1, respectively, as a function of therapeutic x‐ray doses, was measured. The single peak (SP) of C≡C and the peak ratio (PR) of C≡C band height to C‐C‐C band height with a spatial resolution of 10 µm on both types of RCF were evaluated, averaged, and plotted as a function of dose. An achievable spatial resolution, clinically useful dose range, dosimetric sensitivity, dose uniformity, and postirradiation stability as well as the orientation, energy, and dose rate dependence, of both types of RCFs, were characterized by the technique developed in this study.

Results

A spatial resolution on RCF achieved by SP and PR methods was ~4.5 and ~2.9 µm, respectively. Raman spectroscopy data showed dose nonuniformity of ~11% in SP method and <3% in PR method. The SP method provided dose ranges of up to ~10 and ~20 Gy for EBT3 and EBT‐XD films, respectively while the PR method up to ~30 and ~50 Gy. The PR method diminished the orientation effect. The percent difference between landscape and portrait orientations for the EBT3 and the EBT‐XD films at 4 Gy had an acceptable level of 1.2% and 2.4%, respectively. With both SP and PR methods, the EBT3 and the EBT‐XD films showed weak energy (within ~10% and ~3% for SP and PR methods, respectively) and dose rate dependence (within ~5% and ~3% for SP and PR methods, respectively) and had a stable response after 24‐h postirradiation.

Conclusions

A technique for micrometer‐resolution dosimetry was successfully developed by detecting radiation‐induced Raman shift on EBT3 and EBT‐XD. Both types of RCFs were suitable for micrometer‐resolution dosimetry using CRS. With CRS both lateral and depth resolutions on RCF were improved. The PR method provided superior characteristics in dose uniformity, dose ranges, orientation dependence, and laser effect for both types of RCFs. The overall dosimetric characteristics of the RCFs determined by this technique were similar to those known by optical density scanning. The CRS with the PR method is advantageous over other the traditional scanning systems as a spatial resolution of <10 µm on RCF can be achieved with less deviations.
Iterative correction of RF envelope distortion with GRATER‐measured waveforms
Authors: Landes Vanessa L. , Nayak Krishna S.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

To develop and evaluate a method for RF envelope correction without extra hardware or synchronization.

Methods

Transmitted RF waveforms are measured through a simple pulse sequence called the gradient reversal approach to evaluate RF (GRATER). The measured RF waveforms are used to compute predistorted RF waveforms. This process is repeated until a stopping criterion is met, for example, based on pulse performance or a maximum number of iterations. Excitation profiles and simultaneous multi‐slice (SMS) image quality are compared before and after RF predistortion.

Results

The proposed method improved the accuracy of multiband RF pulses, reducing normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) by >12‐fold, and reducing spurious side‐lobe excitation by >6‐fold. The reduction in unwanted side‐lobe signal is demonstrated using SMS bSSFP imaging at 3T in phantoms and in the heart.

Conclusion

Iterative GRATER‐based predistortion is a practical, hardware‐free way to boost performance of short duration, low flip angle RF pulses, such as those used in SMS bSSFP imaging. Because of its efficiency, this technique could be included as part of an initial scan setup or for use with subsequent scans.
Whole brain P MRSI at 7T with a dual‐tuned receive array
Authors: Rowland Benjamin C. , Driver Ian D. , Tachrount Mohamed , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Rivera Debra , Forner Ria , Pham Anh , Italiaander Michel , Wise Richard G.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The design and performance of a novel head coil setup for P spectroscopy at ultra‐high field strengths (7T) is presented. The described system supports measurements at both the H and P resonance frequencies.

Methods

The novel coil consists of 2, actively detunable, coaxial birdcage coils to give homogeneous transmit, combined with a double resonant 30 channel receive array. This allows for anatomical imaging combined with P acquisitions over the whole head, without changing coils or disturbing the subject. A phosphate buffer phantom and 3 healthy volunteers were scanned with a pulse acquire CSI sequence using both the novel array coil and a conventional transceiver birdcage. Four different methods of combining the array channels were compared at 3 different levels of SNR.

Results

The novel coil setup delivers significantly increased P SNR in the peripheral regions of the brain, reaching up to factor 8, while maintaining comparable performance relative to the birdcage in the center.

Conclusions

The new system offers the potential to acquire whole brain P MRSI with superior signal relative to the standard options.
Assessment of small sensory fiber function in myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Boland‐Freitas Robert , Ng Karl
Published: August 2019

Background

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystem disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. However, studies evaluating somatic small fiber sensory nerve function, which may contribute to pain in DM1, are lacking.

Methods

Using quantitative sensory testing of the hand and foot, we evaluated Aδ and C‐fiber function. Of 20 adult DM1 patients recruited, 16 were analyzed. Their results were compared with those of 32 age‐ and sex‐matched controls.

Results

No DM1 patient had diabetes mellitus or clinical evidence of small fiber neuropathy. In DM1, hand (P < .01) and foot (P = 0.02) warm detection thresholds were higher than those of controls. Cool detection thresholds were lower in the foot (P < .001).

Conclusions

Subclinical small sensory fiber dysfunction occurs in DM1 patients without large fiber neuropathy. Further research with other modalities is required to characterize these disturbances as disease modifying therapies are developed.
Safety of intravenous immune globulin in an outpatient setting for patients with neuromuscular disease
Authors: Waheed Waqar , Ayer Gretchen A. , Jadoo Cindy L. , Badger Gary J. , Aboukhatwa Marwa , Brannagan Thomas H. , Tandan Rup
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Although intravenous immune globulin (IVIg) is used to treat patients in the outpatient setting, there is limited documentation addressing the safety of this practice.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 438 patients with neuromuscular diseases receiving IVIg in an outpatient setting.

Results

Adverse events (AE) overall occurred in 16.9% of patients. Headache was the most common AE, noted in 11.6% of patients. Serious AEs occurred in 0.91% of patients; aseptic meningitis was the only one noted. Multivariate analyses identified the following risk factors for AEs: first‐lifetime course of IVIg, higher dose per course of IVIg, diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, women, and younger age.

Discussion

Intravenous immune globulin is generally safe to administer in an outpatient setting. Women, myasthenia gravis patients, and those receiving their first course or a higher total dose of IVIg are at an increased risk of experiencing an AE.
Probabilistic analysis of strip footings based on enhanced Kriging metamodeling
Authors: El Haj Abdul‐Kader , Soubra Abdul‐Hamid , Al‐Bittar Tamara
Published: August 2019

Two advanced Kriging metamodeling techniques were used to compute the failure probability of geotechnical structures involving spatially varying soil properties. These methods are based on a Kriging metamodel combined with a global sensitivity analysis that is called in literature Global Sensitivity Analysis‐enhanced Surrogate (GSAS) modeling for reliability analysis. The GSAS methodology may be used in combination with either the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) or importance sampling (IS) method. The resulting Kriging metamodeling techniques are called GSAS‐MCS or GSAS‐IS. The objective of these techniques is to reduce the number of calls of the mechanical model as compared with the classical Kriging‐based metamodeling techniques (called AK‐MCS and AK‐IS) combining Kriging with MCS or IS. The soil uncertain parameters were assumed as non‐Gaussian random fields. EOLE methodology was used to discretize these random fields. The mechanical models were based on numerical simulations. Some probabilistic numerical results are presented and discussed.