bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Decomposition of H2O2 over Pure and Li2O-Doped Co3O4 Solids
Authors: El-Shobaky Gamil A. , Radwan Nagi R.E. , Radwan Farouk M.
Published: January 2017

Pure and doped Co3O4 samples were prepared by the thermal decomposition at 500–900°C of pure and lithium nitrate-treated basic cobalt carbonate. The amounts of dopant added were varied in the range 0.75–6 mol% Li2O. The effects of this treatment on the surface and catalytic properties of cobaltic oxide solid were investigated using nitrogen adsorption at −196°C and studies of the decomposition of H2O2 at 30–50°C.

The results obtained revealed that Li2O doping of Co3O4 followed by heat treatment at 500°C and 600°C resulted in a progressive increase in the value of the specific surface area, SBET, to an extent proportional to the amount of dopant present. However, the increase was more pronounced in the case of solid samples calcined at 500°C. This increase in the specific surface areas has been attributed to the fixation of a portion of the dopant ions on the uppermost surface layers of the solid leading to outward growth of the surface lattice. The observed increase in SBET due to Li2O doping at 500°C might also result from a narrowing of the pores in the treated solid as a result of the doping process. Lithium oxide doping of cobaltic oxide followed by heat treatment at 700–900°C resulted in a significant decrease in the SBET, Vp and r̄ values. Pure and doped solids precalcined at 500°C and 600°C exhibited extremely high catalytic activities which were not much affected by doping with Li2O. On the other hand, doping followed by calcination at 700–900°C brought about a considerable and progressive increase in the catalytic activity of the treated solids. This treatment did not modify the activation energy of the catalysed reaction, i.e. doping of Co3O4 solid followed by heating at 700°C and 900°C did not alter the mechanism of the catalytic reaction but increased the concentration of catalytically active constituents taking part in the catalytic process without altering their energetic nature.
The Influence of the Rhodium Content in Platinum Catalysts and of the Gold Content in Nickel Catalysts on the Course of the CO + NO Reaction
Authors: Ćwikła Wiesława , Nazimek Dobiesław
Published: January 2017

With ever-increasing demands linked with decreasing sulphur levels in gasoline fuels, base metal catalysts have become attractive as alternatives. The Ni-Au system is an interesting alloy for use in the reaction between CO and NO, partly because of the large difference between the heats of chemisorption of NO and CO on the two metals. This paper presents a study of the course of NO reduction by CO which additionally made it possible to trace changes in the activity and selectivity of the process for alloys of varied Ni-Au composition and alloys of varied Pt-Rh composition together with the effects of Pt and Rh dispersion and the concentration of B5 sites on the surface of the Pt and Rh catalysts.
Influence of the Vanadium and Zinc Contents in DESONOX Catalysts on the Course of the DESOX Reaction
Authors: Marcewicz-Kuba Agnieszka , Nazimek Dobiesław
Published: January 2017

The catalytic process of SO2 removal from combustion gases takes place on the grain plane of hard coal. This process is competitive relative to classical desulphurization processes. The method proposed for the removal of SO2 from combustion gases described in this paper is quite different from wet classical desulphurization methods.

This paper reports studies of the influence of vanadium and zinc concentration on the catalytic activity of a number of DESONOX catalysts (in the course of the DESOX reaction). Investigations of the influence of the total surface area and other physicochemical properties of the catalyst on its behaviour are also reported.
1H NMR Chemical Shifts of Adsorbed Molecules on the Carbon Surface
Authors: Turov V.V. , Leboda R.
Published: January 2017

The chemical shifts of water and organic molecules adsorbed on to different types of carbon surfaces (exfoliated graphite, graphite oxide, intercalated graphite, graphitized and non-graphitized activated carbons, carbon black, carbosils) were studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Values of the chemical shift were found to differ in accordance with the structure of the active sites. This is caused by an anisotropic effect associated with condensed aromatic systems. The maximum values of such changes in the chemical shift were observed with slitlike pores formed by graphite clusters in partly graphitized activated carbons. Some such clusters were also identified in carbon black and carbosils. For water, it was found that the chemical shifts also depended on the number of water molecules taking part in the formation of hydrogen-bonded associates.
The Adsorption of a Modifier from the Mobile Phase on to the Column Packing Surface and its Effect on Retention in Gas Chromatography (GC)
Authors: Nasuto R.
Published: January 2017

The adsorption of a modifier (methanol) from the mobile phase on to a column packing surface and its influence on the retention of aliphatic hydrocarbons (C6-C12) and of benzene and some of its derivatives has been examined. Prior to such adsorption, the methanol adsorption isotherm was measured chromatographically by frontal analysis methods. A reduced retention of the compounds examined was observed as the concentration of adsorbed methanol increased. In addition, it was established that increasing concentrations of adsorbed methanol on the column packing surface led to a decrease in the selectivity of the latter.
On the Nature of the Phenomenon of Oscillatory Adsorption
Authors: Patrylak K.I. , Taranookha O.M.
Published: January 2017

The authors have recently advanced a hypothesis for the phenomenon of oscillatory adsorption suggesting that it is caused by a number of factors such as the competitive filling of the surface by A and B components, the ‘spotty’ nature of component adsorption, the dramatic change in the configuration of such ‘spots' at a certain step during surface filling with one of the components resulting in a transition of the adsorption layer from an ‘ A in B’ state to a ‘B in A’ state and vice versa, and the dependence of the values of the chemical potential of A and B on the configuration of the adsorption ‘spot’ causing a change in the direction of the sorption process.

In the present communication, an attempt is made to examine the phenomenon from the viewpoint of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. By relying on the Gibbs equation, particularly with respect to the flux and affinity equations, and taking account of the equality of the reciprocal influence coefficients, it is possible to conclude that the chemical potentials of the competitive components are either equal or approximately equal at the periphery of the sorption ‘spots’. This indicates that the entropy of the system remains constant (i.e. dS = 0) leading to the possibility of sustained oscillations occurring in the adsorption process.
The Effects of Heparin on Cultured Explants of Varicose Long Saphenous Vein
Authors: Hollingsworth S. J. , Tang C. B. , Barker S. G. E.
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To examine the effects of heparin on smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in explants of varicose, long saphenous vein (LSV).

Procedures:

Explants of varicose LSV were cultured for 7 days either alone, or with heparin at 10, 100 or 1000 IU/ml (Monoparin). At 7 days, cultured explants were analysed for changes in intimal and medial thickness and by immuno-histochemistry. Comparisons were made with explants at initial isolation and with similar, cultured explants of normal LSV.

Results:

In normal LSV, by day 7, SMC-derived neo-intimal hyperplasia developed ( p<0.01) with an increase in intimal thickness ( p<0.02) and a decrease in medial thickness ( p<0.001). Heparin at 10 and 100 IU/ml further enhanced this neo-intima formation ( p<0.001). In contrast, at 1000 IU/ml, heparin inhibited neo-intima formation. In varicose explants, the pattern of intimal and medial changes was different. At isolation, varicose LSVs had substantially thicker intimal layers ( p<0.001). When cultured alone, a thicker media developed ( p<0.001) but there was little change in intimal thickness. Heparin at all concentrations had no effect on the thicker medial development seen in controls but did, however, reduce intimal thickness ( p<0.005).

Conclusions:

The response to heparin in explants of varicose LSV is different from that of normal LSV, which is biphasic and complex.
Primary Varicose Veins in the Presence of an Intact Sapheno-Femoral Junction
Authors: Hollingsworth S. J. , Tang C. B. , Barker S. G. E.
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To determine the incidence of primary varicose veins (VVs) occurring in the presence of a competent sapheno-femoral junction.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of venous duplex scans was performed for all patients referred to the Vascular Unit, The Middlesex Hospital, London, for assessment of primary VVs, over an 18 month period from 1998 to 2000.

Results:

One thousand nine hundred and eleven patients with primary VVs referred to hospital for treatment were assessed. Their median age was 52 years (interquartile range 39–64 years). The female:male ratio was 1.92:1. Of these, 43.5% had primary VVs in the presence of a competent sapheno-femoral junction (of whom 70.2% were female). Of those patients with primary VVs in the presence of an incompetent sapheno-femoral junction, 62.4% were female. The incidence of primary VVs did not increase overall with age. The peak incidence for women was between 31 and 60 years of age, whilst that for men was between 51 and 70 years. A similar pattern for age distribution was seen irrespective of sapheno-femoral junction status. Men had a reduced incidence of primary VVs in the presence of an intact sapheno-femoral junction compared with incompetent junctions over the age range of 31–60 years.

Conclusions:

Primary VVs can readily develop in the presence of a competent sapheno-femoral junction. This occurs most frequently in women below the age of 50 years.
Effects of Intermittent Sequential Compression in Venous Hypertensive Microangiopathy
Authors: Belcaro G. V. , Nicolaides A. N.
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To investigate the acute effects of sequential compression on the microcirculation in limbs with chronic venous hypertension causing venous microangiopathy.

Design:

One group of patients with venous hypertension and a group of normal, comparable subjects were treated with intermittent sequential pneumatic compression applied for 30 min. Skin blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry at the perimalleolar region at rest (horizontal position) and on standing. The measurements were repeated at 0, 30 and 60 min after cessation of the compression. As criteria of inclusion, only limbs with high perimalleolar skin flux and decreased venoarteriolar response were included.

Setting:

St Mary's Hospital, London (teaching hospital).

Patients, participants:

Sixteen limbs in 16 patients with chronic venous hypertension and 12 limbs of comparable healthy volunteers were studied.

Results:

At rest, in the normal controls, the mean (SD) flux was 0.56 (0.3) units; it decreased on average by 35% on standing (venoarteriolar response). There was normal vasomotor activity. In patients, the mean flux was 1.45 (0.8) ( p < 0.025) and the median venoarticular response only 7%. There was very limited vasomotor activity. Vasomotor activity started 10 min after the commencement of compression. At the end of the compression period there was a marked change towards normality. Resting flux was 0.90 (0.5) (significantly decreased) and the venoarteriolar response had increased to 23% ( p < 0.025) with an improvement in vasomotor activity. These changes persisted at 30 and 60 min.

Conclusions:

The findings offer an explanation of the effect of sequential compression on the healing of leg ulcers in chronic venous insufficiency.
Reduction of Varicose Vein Recurrence by Use of Postoperative Compression Stockings
Authors: Travers J. P. , Makin G. S.
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

To assess the ability of compression stockings to reduce the postoperative recurrence of varicose veins after surgery and to assess patient compliance.

Design:

Prospective randomized trial with follow-up to 1 year after surgery.

Patients:

Sixty-nine patients presenting for varicose vein surgery.

Interventions:

Interview for stocking compliance postoperatively with clinical and Doppler assessment of recurrence at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postoperatively.

Main outcome measures:

Recurrence of varicosities and patient compliance.

Results:

39% of patients allocated stockings were either lost to follow-up or abandoned their use after 3 months; 11% declined the stockings on presentation. By 1 year postoperatively, only 6% in the stocking group had recurrent varicose veins compared with 71% in the control group (no stockings).

Conclusion:

Despite an early, relatively high noncompliance rate, external compression hosiery significantly reduced postoperative recurrence of varicose veins.
Neutrophil Activation in Experimental Venous Hypertension
Authors: Shields D. A. , Andaz S. , Abeysinghe R. D. , Porter J. B. , Scurr J. H. , Smith P. D. Coleridge
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To investigate the white cell trapping hypothesis of venous ulceration by measuring plasma lactoferrin as a marker of neutrophil degranulation in normal volunteers in two experimental models of venous hypertension.

Design:

A prospective study of volunteers with no history or clinical evidence of venous disease.

Setting:

The Middlesex Hospital Vascular Laboratory, Mortimer Street, London WIN 8AA, UK.

Patients:

Volunteers within the Middlesex Hospital Vascular Laboratory with no history or clinical findings of venous or arterial disease, no other systemic disease, on no medication known to alter white cell activity, and with no recent infection.

Interventions:

Venous blood was taken from cannulae in both feet and the right arm for a neutrophil count and Plasma lactoferrin, measured using an ELISA, during application of a tourniquet to 80 mmHG for 30 min to the right leg while supine, 5 min after release of tourniquet, and then during a 30 min period of standing.

Results:

During application of a tourniquet to the right leg there was a significant rise in plasma lactoferrin and in lactoferrin corrected for the neutrophil count ( p < 0.05, Wilcoxon). In the unoccluded leg, although Plasma lactoferrin rose, this was not significant when corrected for the rise in neutrophil count. After standing for 30 min, the lactoferrin and neutrophil count increased in all three limbs; corrected lactoferrin showed a significant increase in the legs ( p < 0.02), though not in the arm.

Conclusion:

Increased neutrolphil degranulation occurs during periods of short-term venous hypertension in normal volunteers, in keeping with the white cell trapping hypothesis.
Perforation-Invagination (PIN) Stripping of the Long Saphenous Vein Reduces Thigh Haematoma Formation in Varicose Vein Surgery
Authors: Kent P. J. , Maughan J. , Burniston M. , Nicholas T. , Parkin A. , Robinson P. J.
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To compare the extent of thigh haematoma formation after perforation-invagination (PIN) stripping with that occurring after standard plication stripping of the long saphenous vein.

Design:

Prospective, within-case, randomised study with analysis on an intention-to-treat basis.

Setting:

The radioisotope department of a university teaching hospital.

Patients:

Fourteen patients undergoing bilateral varicose vein surgery.

Interventions:

Red blood cell labelling in vivo with 99Tcm. Preoperative imaging of the long saphenous vein using a gamma camera. Randomisation of one leg to PIN stripping and the other to standard stripping of the long saphenous vein to the knee. Patients were reimaged 6 h postoperatively.

Main outcome measures:

The extent of thigh haematoma formation.

Results:

There was no significant difference with respect to the severity of varicosities in the long saphenous vein in the thigh between the limbs assigned to each group ( n = 11) on the preoperative images ( T = 25, 0.5> p>0.1, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Thigh haematoma in the limbs that had undergone PIN stripping of the long saphenous vein was significantly less than that in the limbs that had undergone standard stripping (T = 10, 0.05> p>0.01, Wilcoxon signed rank test).

Conclusion:

PIN stripping of the long saphenous vein results in significantly decreased haematoma formation compared with standard stripping.
Echoanatomical Patterns of the Long Saphenous Vein in Patients with Primary Varices and in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Ricci S. , Caggiati A.
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To evaluate the pathway of reflux in incompetent long saphenous veins (LSVs), paying particular attention to the role of longitudinal saphenous tributaries in the thigh (accessory saphenous veins, ASVs).

Design:

Prospective study in a group of patients with primary varices. Comparison with the anatomical patterns in a group of normal subjects.

Setting:

Private phlebology practice.

Patients:

Sixty-seven patients with primary varices (100 limbs) and 66 subjects without varices and with competent saphenous veins (120 limbs).

Methods:

Duplex ultrasound evaluation of the saphenous system in the thigh of patients and healthy subjects. The ‘eye’ ultrasonographic sign was used as the marker to distinguish the LSV from the longitudinal tributary veins of the thigh.

Results:

In 57% of limbs in patients with varices, reflux followed the saphenous vein, while in 43% the reflux spilled outside the LSV into an ASV (h or S types). When reflux followed the saphenous vein, no large calibre ASVs could be observed. In 30% of limbs in control subjects a parallel tributary vein with a similar calibre was found joining the LSV.

Conclusion:

Clinically visible varices in the thigh rarely comprise the LSV itself, but are usually dilated ASVs, the reflux stream passing from the proximal LSV into a more superficial ASV. The distal LSV running parallel beneath is often competent. In subjects with healthy LSVs, a large competent tributary vein is already present in the thigh in 30% of cases. This suggests that superficial deviation of reflux flow into an ASV in patients with varices may not arise from haemodynamically acquired changes, but could have a congenital origin. This could even be a predisposing factor in the development of varices.
Clinical Significance of Corona Phlebectatica Associated with Varicose Veins
Authors: Hirai M.
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To investigate the clinical significance of corona phlebectatica.

Design:

Clinical and plethysmographic evaluation of corona phlebectatica associated with primary varicose veins.

Setting:

Department of Surgery, Aichi Prefectural College of Nursing, Nagoya, Japan.

Main outcome measures:

In 411 limbs with greater saphenous incompetence, including 101 with skin changes and 310 without skin changes, clinical analysis and plethysmographic evaluation using the photoplethysmographic technique were carried out.

Results:

In 204 of 411 limbs, corona phlebectatica was observed, including 75 coloured red and 129 coloured blue. Blue coronas were observed significantly more often then red coronas in limbs with skin changes. The half refilling time in limbs with skin changes was significantly shorter than that in limbs without skin changes. In limbs without skin changes, limbs with blue coronas showed a significantly shortened half refilling time than those with red coronas.

Conclusions:

Blue coronas are a strong indicator of the presence of prolonged venous hypertension in varicose veins.
Meso-Inositol Hexanicotinate Induced Protection against Experimental Anoxia and Oedema
Authors: Rosner J , Legros J , Khalili-Varaste H
Published: January 2017

It is shown that Meso-Inositol Hexanicotinate (MIHN; Hexopal) inhibits experimentally induced oedema of the paw in rats and that mice exposed to hypoxic atmospheres (4% oxygen) show significant increase in survival time if pre-dosed with MIHN.

The protection against oedema and hypoxia conferred by MIHN in experimental animals may well be related to the mode of action of the substance in man, and particularly could explain the usefulness of MIHN in the treatment of cerebral and peripheral atherosclerosis.
A Double Blind Cross over Study of Ibuprofen, Metiazinic Acid, Aspirin and a Placebo in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Hadidi T , Asar D K , Esmat A
Published: January 2017

In a double-blind cross-over study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory action of ibuprofen 1600 mg/day in cases of rheumatoid arthritis has been compared with aspirin 4 g/day, metiazinic acid 1 .5 g/day and a placebo, lactose.

Each compound was administered in identical capsules and in a totally randomised order to all patients studied. Assessment of the articular index, grip strength, knee score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and subjective improvement was made before and after one week's treatment with each drug.

In the doses used in this trial, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of metiazinic acid in rheumatoid arthritis, was found to be approximately equipotent to that of aspirin, while ibuprofen seemed to be slightly more potent and to cause fewer side-effects.
A Comparative Trial of Insidon and Stelazine in the Treatment of Anxiety
Authors: Waxman David , Beaumont George
Published: January 2017

Opipramol (Insidon, Geigy) is an iminostilbene derivative belonging to the dibenzazepine group with a nucleus similar to that of imipramine and has been regarded principally as anti-depressant in its action, but its perphenazine like side chain suggests that it might have additional anxiolytic properties.

In a double-blind comparison of opipramol and trifluoperazine the symptom ‘anxiety’ was found to be statistically more improved in the opipramol group of patients.
A Double-Blind Comparison of Pentazocine-Paracetamol and Dextropropoxyphene-Paracetamol Compound Tablets
Authors: Matts S G Flavell
Published: January 2017

In a double-blind cross-over comparison of two mild analgesic compound tablets patients in moderate or severe pain showed a significant preference for the pentazocine-paracetamol compound tablet. Side effects were of a minor nature only and no patient dropped out of the trial because of them. It is concluded that significantly more patients (p <0.01) prefer the pentazocine-paracetamol compound to the dextropropoxyphene-paracetamol compound.
Anxiety in Psychiatric Hospital Out-Patient Practice: A Report of a Monitored Release Study
Authors: Forrest W A
Published: January 2017

In a psychiatric hospital out-patient multicentre study, 300 patients with moderate anxiety of considerable duration were treated with benzoctamine 10 mg tid for three weeks.

During this treatment period symptomatic improvement was observed, measured by an observer rating scale and a self-rating scale.

In this group of patients benzoctamine was well tolerated, 72% of the patients reporting no side effects.
Measurement of Variations in Pain Associated with Intramuscular Injections
Authors: Joubert L , de Menezes J P , Fernandez C A
Published: January 2017

There is a dearth of publications on methods to evaluate pain due to intramuscular injections. This paper proposes a method to evaluate pain using an experimental design which allows ‘within’ and'between’ subjects comparisons of pain severity. This method was efficient in discriminating which of three formulations was preferable.
Drug Profile: Benoral
Authors: Murphy J Eric
Published: January 2017

Benorylate, an esterification product of paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid is indicated in the treatment of rheumatoid and osteo-arthritis, other painful conditions and febrile states.

In animals benorylate’ has been shown to be of low toxicity and only has teratogenic activity at high doses. Gastric effects are less severe than occur with aspirin. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic effects have been demonstrated in animal models.

Benorylate is well absorbed and metabolised to paracetamol and aspirin producing higher steady state levels than that with paracetamol alone. In man the half life is about one hour.

Clinically, benorylate has been shown to be comparable with aspirin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteo-arthritis and other painful conditions. It shows better gastric tolerance than aspirin and is less likely to produce gastro-intestinal bleeding. A prolonged anti-pyretic effect has been demonstrated.
Tobramycin: Toxicological and Pharmacological Studies in Animals and Pharmacokinetic Research in Patients with Varying Degrees of Renal Impairment
Authors: de Rosa F , Buoncristiani U , Capitanucci P , Frongillo R F
Published: January 2017

Pharmacological investigations with tobramycin have been conducted in animals and in man.

In the experimental animal, tobramycin showed lower acute toxicity and lower nephrotoxicity than gentamicin. Moreover, the antibiotic did not cause any significant systemic effects and was rapidly absorbed in the blood and excreted in the urine.

The pharmacokinetic evaluation of tobramycin was undertaken in patients with varying degrees of reduced renal function.

The influence of peritoneal and extracorporeal dialysis on the removal of the antibiotic from the serum of patients with terminal renal failure was examined.

Possible tobramycin treatment schedules for patients with varying degrees of reduced renal function are briefly discussed.
Butacote and Brufen in the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases. A Multi-Centre Study of Effectiveness and Tolerability
Authors: Regalado R G , Fowler P D
Published: January 2017

A multi-centre double-blind trial in general practice compared Butacote (enteric-coated phenylbutazone) 300 mg daily, Brufen (ibuprofen) 1200 mg daily, and a placebo in the treatment of rheumatic conditions. Each patient received two of the three treatments for one month each.

Twenty-nine doctors admitted 193 patients. 168 patients (sixty-four with inflammatory polyarthritis, and sixty-three with osteoarthrosis) completed the study, which showed that Butacote was significantly better than both Brufen and placebo for the relief of pain and morning stiffness, and improvement of function. Butacote was significantly preferred to both Brufen and placebo by patients and doctors, to placebo by the patients. Brufen was significantly better than placebo for relief of morning stiffness and for reducing the amount of supplementary analgesics.

All three preparations were well tolerated and showed a similar incidence of gastric side-effects. It is concluded from this study that Butacote is more effective and as well tolerated as Brufen in the treatment of rheumatic conditions in general practice.
Experience with a New Semisynthetic Penicillin (Epicillin) in the Treatment of Beta-Haemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis and Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Authors: Mogabgab William J
Published: January 2017

Epicillin was used to treat 114 patients with beta-haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis and pneumococcal pneumonia. Most patients were treated with 1 g epicillin per day and at this dosage, the response was graded as excellent in forty cases ( 35·1%), good in sixty-seven cases (58·8%), and fair in seven cases ( 6·1%). There were no poor results in this study.

Side-effects, predominantly gastro-intestinal, were mild and infrequent. None required discontinuance of therapy.
A Double-Blind Study of Symmetrel (Amantadine Hydrochloride) in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Merry R T G , Galbraith A W
Published: January 2017

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Symmetrel for five months in Parkinson's Disease was performed. Using a daily living ability rating scale, a significant improvement amongst the less severely affected patients and a highly significant improvement of the severely affected patients receiving the drug was observed.

The improvement of both groups was maintained for the duration of the study.
Biliary Levels of Carbenicillin: Experimental and Clinical Study
Authors: Brogard J M , Haegele P , Dorner M , Lavillaureix J
Published: January 2017

The biliary excretion of carbenicillin was studied in three different ways—in the experimentally perfused rabbit liver, in normal subjects following duodenal intubation and in cholecystectomized patients with external biliary drainage In all of these circumstances the biliary concentration of carbenicillin parallels the serum level of antibiotic very closely. On account of the weak or non-existent antibiotic activity in hepatic tissue at the end of the perfusion procedure the hypothesis is put forward that carbenicillin is inactivated by the rabbit liver. The high biliary concentrations of carbenicillin obtained following the administration of the antibiotic in relatively modest doses would favour its use in the treatment of biliary infections.
A Clinical Comparison of Orally Administered Aspirin, Dextropropoxyphene and Pentazocine in the Treatment of Post-Operative Pain
Authors: Kay B
Published: January 2017

A double-blind between-patient study involving 225 adult patients was carried out to compare the efficacy of oral aspirin ( 650 mg), dextropropoxyphene (65 mg) and pentazocine ( 50 mg) in post-operative pain. All the patients were initially in moderate or severe pain and all three drugs produced some degree of pain relief. The onset of action of pentazocine was significantly more rapid than that of aspirin or dextropropoxyphene. The analgesia provided by dextropropoxyphene was significantly inferior to that achieved with aspirin or pentazocine and the duration of action, assessed by patient demand for further analgesic drugs, was also significantly shorter than that of the other two drugs. The incidence and severity of side-effects was greatest in the dextropropoxyphene group and it is concluded from these results that pentazocine should be the oral analgesic of choice in the treatment of post-operative pain.
Mefenamic Acid in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Diseases
Authors: Gligore V , Bolosiu H D
Published: January 2017

An open clinical trial is described in which twenty-six patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and related conditions (ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus) were treated with mefenamic acid. The drug was administered in a dose of 1500 mg daily for an average of twenty-five days. In 55% of the cases treated the clinical response was very good or good. There was a distinct improvement in spontaneous pain, morning stiffness, pressure tolerance, swelling, mobility and muscle power. No significant improvement was observed in ESR or other biological parameters. Drug tolerance was very good and in no case was it necessary to discontinue treatment. Mefenamic acid appeared to be effective in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and related inflammatory conditions.
Cyproterone Acetate for Male Hypersexuality
Authors: Davies T S
Published: January 2017

The efficacy of cyproterone acetate in the treatment of sexual overactivity has been assessed in fifty male patients over a period of five years. Homosexual activity was reduced in its intensity but not in its direction. Masturbation was diminished in subnormal and chronic schizophrenic patients and there was a social improvement in elderly men guilty of sexual misbehaviour.

Two sado-masochists showed greater clinical improvement when cyproterone acetate was added to psychotherapy than occurred with the latter therapy alone.

Physical aggression exhibited by two subnormal patients which was resistant to conventional therapy, responded dramatically to cyproterone acetate administration.

There were no significant side-effects.
A Pilot Open Trial of Dexamisole (R 12. 563) in Retarded Depression: Preliminary Results
Authors: Bobon J , Bobon D P , Bourdouxhe S , Pinchard A
Published: January 2017

Dexamisole is the dextro-isomer of tetramisole, a well-known anthelmintic drug, which in clinical pilot trials was found to have promising psycho-pharmacological properties.

Dexamisole was administered to eighteen in-patients, suffering from neurotic or endogenous retarded depression, after a two to four day washout period. The trial lasted two to three weeks. No adjunctive therapy was given, except amobarbital.

The results of the Hamilton rating scale, of the AMP somatic scale and of von Zerssen's self-rating scale indicate that dexamisole, at a mean dosage of 50 mg three times a day, significantly improves mood and psychotonicity, within four days in some 40% of the cases.
The Treatment of Anxious/Depressive States: A Double-Blind Comparison of Medazepam with Fluphenazine/Nortriptyline
Authors: Freeman H L , Bourne M S , Schiff A A
Published: January 2017

A double-blind comparison of medazepam 10 mg (‘Nobrium’) tds with fluphenazine 0·5 mg/nortriptyline 10 mg (‘Motival’) tds was conducted in general practice patients suffering from anxiety with mild depression. Patients were assessed on self-rating and Physician's Rating symptom scales, and by twenty-eight days fluphenazine/nortriptyline was shown to be superior to medazepam in relief of symptoms taken individually and as a whole, the level of significance reaching 0·1% on patients' self-ratings. A similar trend in favour of fluphenazine/nortriptyline was seen at seven days but only reached 5% significance levels for certain symptom clusters on the patient's self-ratings. The implications of these results for therapy with psychotropic drug combinations, and the treatment of psychiatric illness in general practice are discussed.
Twice-Daily Propranolol Treatment for Hypertension
Authors: Wilkinson P R , Dixon Naomi , Hunter K R
Published: January 2017

During maintenance therapy the anti-hypertensive action of propranolol depends on total daily dosage. A within-patient cross-over study showed that the drug is equally effective when given twice or four times daily, although satisfactory blood pressure control was achieved slightly sooner with four times daily dosing.
Influence of Premedication with Lorazepam on Plasma Cortisol and Blood Sugar
Authors: Magbagbeola J A O , Adadevoh B K , Lukanmbi F A
Published: January 2017

An attempt was made to quantify sedation with lorazepam in terms of changes in plasma Cortisol and blood sugar and to compare the results with clinical observation. The results indicate that lorazepam caused satisfactory preoperative sedation when compared with the findings in the patients given placebo. In conformity with its adequate sedative effect, lorazepam caused decrease in both the plasma Cortisol and blood sugar in the samples obtained in the anaesthetic room.
Comparison of Povidone-Iodine (Betadine) Vaginal Pessaries and Lactic Acid Pessaries in the Treatment of Vaginitis
Authors: Maneksha S
Published: January 2017

One hundred patients with vaginitis due to a variety of organisms, including trichomonas, candida and non-specific infections were treated in a randomized comparative trial with either Providone-Iodine (Betadine) pessaries or Lactic acid pessaries. Successful results were obtained in 94% of patients with Povidone-Iodine pessaries with a relapse rate of 2·8% after three months, and 34% with Lactic acid pessaries with a relapse rate of 72%. Both these differences were highly significant with p < 0·001.
The Physiological Origins of Affective Disorders: A Hypothetical Synthesis
Authors: O'Flanagan P M
Published: January 2017

This paper attempts to establish that affective illnesses are disorders involving the whole body, that mood change is not the primary symptom and that the cause may be a biochemical fault, temporary or permanent, genetically transmitted or acquired.

It is the author's belief that this fault lies in the adenyl cyclase system. The belief is based upon observations made during an extended study of the treatment of affective disorders with clomipramine infusion (O'Flanagan 1973).
A Double-Blind Controlled Trial of ‘Vivalan’ (Viloxazine Hydrochloride) and Imipramine Hydrochloride in the Treatment of Depression in General Practice
Authors: Bayliss P F C , Dewsbury A R , Donald J F , Harcup J W , Mayer M , Million R , Molla A L , Murphy J E , Plant B , Shaoul E
Published: January 2017

One hundred and twenty-three patients with mild to moderate depressive illness were entered into a double-blind between-patient study of viloxazine hydrochloride (150 mg/day, expressed as base) and imipramine hydrochloride (75 mg/day, expressed as salt) by nine general practitioners. Sixty-two took viloxazine and sixty-one took imipramine. Both drugs produced a statistically highly significant improvement in both the depressive and anxiety symptoms over the period of the study, an effect being seen as early as the seventh day of treatment. Viloxazine produced fewer side-effects than imipramine, in particular significantly less drowsiness and dry mouth. The only side-effect seen with viloxazine was an upper gastro-intestinal disturbance with nausea and occasional vomiting, but this was transient. It is concluded that viloxazine hydrochloride is an effective anti-depressant in mild to moderate cases of depression in general practice and has the advantage of fewer side-effects than imipramine. The absence of sedation with viloxazine is of particular value in the treatment of ambulant patients.
Investigations into the Benzofuran Series LVI. Anti-Thrombotic Activity of Inicarone
Authors: Barchewitz G , Brotelle R , Guilbert A , Charlier R
Published: January 2017

In addition to its fibrinolytic effects, which have been previously described, inicarone inhibits platelet adhesiveness and aggregation in animals. It therefore possesses the properties required of an anti-thrombotic agent. Actually, inicarone is able not only to increase the thrombus formation time, but also to lyse experimental thrombus created under severe conditions. It may be therefore reasonably assumed that inicarone could be effective in man in all syndromes involving thrombotic episodes.
Analgesic Effect of Fortral (Pentazocine) in Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Authors: Rudowski Witold , Gregor Anita , Kostrzewska Ewa , Kocylowski Maciej , Zienkiewicz Konrad
Published: January 2017

Five patients, all suffering severe abdominal pain in acute intermittent porphyria, were admitted to an investigation of the analgesic effect of Fortral (pentazocine) in this condition.

A single dose of Fortral was given daily to each patient at the time of severe abdominal pain and an attempt was made to use the smallest possible dose to achieve an analgesic effect. The analgesic effect produced was considered good in two cases and excellent in the remaining three cases. Pain ceased or decreased to a great extent within ten to twenty minutes of administration of Fortral. The drug appeared to act as rapidly when given orally as when given by intramuscular injection. The analgesic effect persisted from two to six hours, with an average of four hours.

In the doses of 50 mg three patients demonstrated side-effects which could be avoided by dividing the single dose into smaller ones.
Single Oral Dose of Ampicillin-Probenicid as Gonorrhoea Treatment: Antibiotic Levels in Urethral Exudate
Authors: de Barros J Martins , de Menezes Jairo P , Ximenes Jose
Published: January 2017

Sixty male patients aged between sixteen and thirty years suffering from acute gonococcal urethritis in whom a urethral exudate had been present from one to thirty-nine days participated in this study here described. Each patient was given one single oral dose of ampicillin-probenicid and follow-up examinations were carried out before the end of the fifth day, between the eighth and twelfth days, and in many cases also between the fifteenth and twentieth days post-dose.

In fifty-eight of the sixty cases urethral exudate disappeared and cultures were negative within ten to forty-eight hours after dosing; thus demonstrating a 96·7% cure rate.

This form of single oral dose treatment for gonorrhoea, apart from proving extremely effective, was highly acceptable to all of the patients admitted to this study and produced no side-effects.
Clinical Impressions of Pimozide: An Open Study
Authors: Sharma S D , Sukerkar N V
Published: January 2017

An open study of pimozide was performed on fifty-one patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia. Pimozide was substituted for previous neuroleptic therapy. The dose was gradually increased until an optimum level was reached. This was then maintained for two months. It was found that 77% of those patients with a duration of illness of more than five years and 76% of those with a duration of illness of less than five years could be satisfactorily maintained on pimozide. Side-effects were observed in two patients. One had extrapyramidal symptoms and the other a gastro-intestinal disturbance. The results of this trial suggest that pimozide was well tolerated and was, to a limited extent, effective in producing improvement in the social status of the patient. The ability of pimozide to improve ‘sociability’ warrants further investigation.
Drug Profile: Voranil (Clortermine)
Authors: Mizrahi Abraham
Published: January 2017

Voranil, a sympathomimetic amine, is indicated for short-term adjunctive treatment of exogenous obesity. Its long duration of action permits once-a-day dosage. In a large number of patients studied, Voranil was found to be superior to placebo in weight reduction. Insomnia, dry mouth, palpitations and tachycardia have been reported in a small percentage of patients taking the drug.
A Controlled Clinical Trial of a New Anti-Inflammatory Drug, Diftalone, in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Stroescu Valentin , Georgescu Carmen , Voiosu Radu
Published: January 2017

In a double-blind, randomized trial on thirty-two patients affected by classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis, we have tried the effectiveness and safety of 500 mg/day oral diftalone versus 75 mg/day oral indomethacin for a period of six to twelve months treatment. Diftalone proved to be an effective and well tolerated anti-inflammatory drug in long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its activity and safety is at least comparable to that achieved by the use of indomethacin.
Cephradine in the Treatment of Paediatric Infections
Authors: Rosenberg B , Marcus R L , Paton Joan H , Archer J F
Published: January 2017

One hundred children with clinically diagnosed bacterial infections were treated with cephradine syrup. It was shown to be effective and safe in those infections caused by susceptible organisms. It can be concluded that cephradine is a useful addition to the range of antibiotics available to the general practitioner.
A Double-Blind Clinical Trial of a New Benzodiazepine, Flunitrazepam, as a Hypnotic Agent
Authors: Piret R , Devoghel J C
Published: January 2017

Flunitrazepam 3 mg and 5 mg, phenobarbitone 200 mg and placebo were compared as pre-operative hypnotic agents in a double-blind trial. Two hundred and seventy-three patients were included in the study. The lower dose 3 mg of flunitrazepam was shown to be superior to the higher dose 5 mg and to phenobarbitone 200 mg and placebo.
Iatrogenic Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Phenytoin
Authors: Barber S G
Published: January 2017

A case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome secondary to Phenytoin therapy is presented in which recurrence of the syndrome followed resumption of its administration. Review of the earlier literature reveals that this confirms previous assumptions, and attention is focused onto its relevance in the treatment of epilepsy.
Vascular Effects of Cinnarizine in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
Authors: Ellis F , Hyams D E , Jageneau A H M , Loots W
Published: January 2017

An ECG-triggered venous occlusion Plethysmographic method to provide an index of arterial inflow, has been used in 10 patients with angiographic confirmed intermittent claudication. The differential quotient of the Plethysmographic arterial pulse has been used to provide an index of pulse wave velocity. The effect of cinnarizine, a drug which acts probably by inhibiting the calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle cells, was measured after three and seven days of administration. In this trial cinnarizine increased blood flow to the lower limb following exercise.
Patient Preference for Slow Release Potassium Supplements
Authors: Fraser D M , Malone D N S
Published: January 2017

A comparative, cross-over trial was conducted to determine patient preference for the slow release potassium supplements Slow K and Leo K. Fifty-seven patients took part in the trial and the majority found Leo K preferable to Slow K, principally because Leo K was easier to swallow and caused fewer side-effects. In order to increase the chances of patients following the prescriber's instructions it would seem logical to prescribe Leo K rather than Slow K on the basis of patient preference.
Long-Term Controlled Clinical Trial of a New Anti-Inflammatory Drug, Diftalone, in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Stroescu V , Georgescu C , Voiosu R
Published: January 2017

A long-term ( two years) double-blind, comparative trial of diftalone ( Aladione®) 500 mg versus indomethacin 75 mg per day, in rheumatoid arthritis ( thirty-two patients), has shown a similar effectiveness for both anti-inflammatory agents on various clinical parameters of disease activity, some better results being obtained for diftalone as regards the capacity of reducing erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The tolerability of diftalone proved to be somewhat superior, as is shown by the lower number of patients complaining of side-effects or being dropped out for intolerance, and by the lower frequency of central nervous system disturbances.
Patient Acceptability of Two Diuretic/Potassium Supplement Preparations
Authors: Bennion-Pedley J , Donald J F , Gould C H G , Lomas D M , Postlethwaite D L , Rivlin R
Published: January 2017

In a random crossover study in general practice, sixty patients with heart failure were given one week's maintenance treatment with the recommended dosage of Burinex K or Lasix + K. Burinex K appeared to be easier to swallow than the supplement tablets of Lasix + K although the differences were not significant.

Patients showed a highly significant preference to take two tablets on one occasion ( Burinex K) rather than two different types of tablet on three separate occasions ( Lasix + K). Despite pharmacological arguments in favour of simultaneous versus separate administration of potassium supplement and diuretic, patient acceptability is of over-riding importance in the long-term.
Antidepressant Treatment with Maprotiline* in the Management of Emotional Disturbances in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Controlled Study
Authors: Selvini A , Rossi C , Belli C , Corallo S , Lucchelli P E
Published: January 2017

In coronary artery disease the patients usually manifest both anxiety and depression disturbances.

A controlled clinical study was conducted to test the efficacy of a new antidepressant agent, maprotiline, in the early stages of acute myocardial infarction.

The sample consisted of 126 patients, sixty-three receiving orally 25 mg of maprotiline twice daily and the remainder 5 mg of diazepam twice daily. Treatment lasted on an average two weeks ( ten days to eight weeks). The depressive and/or anxiety conditions were rated on the basis of a questionnaire administered before and after treatment.

Depression improved markedly in patients receiving maprotiline, while the two drugs developed a comparable anxiolytic action.

Tolerability was good. No clinical or ECG evidence of cardiotoxic signs was detected.

The importance of a drug with these characteristics in the management of emotional disturbances in the early stages of coronary artery disease is emphasized.