bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stacked Human Arterial Endothelial Cells Generate Atherosclerotic Fatty Streaks and Release Proinflammatory Cytokines
Authors: Zeng Ye , Ouyang Zhi , Qiu Yan , Jiang Wenli , Jin Chen , Zhong Jian , Jin Linlu , Qin Yixue , Zhao Yunran , Zhou Xintong , Liu Xiaoheng , Fu Bingmei M.
Published: November 2024

Fatty streaks are the first sign of atherosclerosis. They consist of lipid-containing foam cells, which were believed to be derived from the monocytes in the blood through the leaky endothelium, and from the vascular smooth muscle cells migrating into the intima from the media. Here, we showed that fatty streaks can also be formed by the stacked human arterial endothelial cells (HAECs) cultured in vitro. Via SEM we revealed a novel cell phenotype (coralthelial) that forms a streak/coral-like structure. We observed accumulation of lipids in the coralthelial cell and increased Golgi and coat protein II markers in its nucleus. Additionally, proinflammatory cytokines were upregulated in these cells, likely due to Golgi nuclear translocation and subsequently increased expression of the ribosomal protein RPL23 in the nucleus. We demonstrated, for the first time, that the atherosclerotic fatty streak-like structure can be generated from the stacked HAECs, which also create a proinflammatory microenvironment.

Significance Statement

Our work presents a novel perspective on atherosclerotic fatty streak formation, a critical early event in atherosclerosis development. We demonstrate, for the first time, that human arterial endothelial cells (HAECs) can transform into a novel phenotype, termed “coralthelial cells”. These cells contribute to fatty streak formation, and produce proinflammatory cytokines through the relocation of RPL23 with the Golgi apparatus to the nucleus. This finding provides a new cellular mechanism by which endothelial cells initiate atherosclerosis, independent of traditional monocyte-derived foam cells. By enriching established paradigms, our research not only opens new avenues for therapeutic intervention targeting endothelial cells but also enhances understanding of vascular diseases and provides potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for atherosclerosis.
Peptide modified, programmable DNA tetrahedra to modulate autophagy in biological systems
Authors: Hema Naveena A , Kansara Krupa , Singh Nihal , Gupta Sharad , Kumar Ashutosh , Bhatia Dhiraj
Published: November 2024

Autophagy is a critical cellular pathway for degrading and recycling damaged components, essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of autophagy contributes to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, and metabolic syndromes, highlighting the therapeutic potential of controlled autophagy induction. However, current autophagy inducers often lack specificity and may inadvertently trigger apoptosis, limiting their clinical utility. Here, we present a DNA tetrahedron-BH3 peptide nanosystem (Tdpep) engineered to selectively induce autophagy by disrupting the Beclin 1-Bcl2 interaction, a pivotal regulatory point in autophagy initiation. Tdpep, functionalized with a BH3 peptide targeting Bcl2, demonstrated efficient cellular uptake and minimal cytotoxicity in HeLa cells at concentrations up to 200nM. Autophagy induction was confirmed by increased LC3B puncta formation and fluorescence intensity comparable to that induced by rapamycin. Autophagy flux analysis of Tdpep with bafilomycin A1 validated enhanced autophagic activity rather than flux inhibition. Furthermore, Tdpep treatment significantly reduced cellular ROS levels, indicating effective autophagic turnover. Apoptosis assays showed that Tdpep did not induce apoptosis, confirming its selective autophagy induction. Furthermore, Tdpep nanosystem also induced autophagy inDanio reriolarvae in vivo model. Thus, this targeted DNA tetrahedron nanosystem provides a precise autophagy modulation platform with minimized off-target effects, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for diseases associated with autophagy dysfunction.

Graphical abstract
Endocytosis restricts synapse growth by attenuating Highwire/PHR1-dependent JNK signaling in a pathway parallel to the BMP signaling
Authors: Pippadpally Srikanth , Choudhury Saumitra Dey , Bisht Anjali , Dwivedi Manish Kumar , Mushtaq Zeeshan , Reddy-Alla Suneel , Kumar Vimlesh
Published: November 2024

Endocytosis regulates the retrieval of synaptic membranes and the trafficking of growth signaling receptors. WhileDrosophilaendocytic mutants show synaptic overgrowth at the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), the signaling pathways by which endocytosis restricts synapse growth remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that σ2-adaptin, one of the obligate subunits of the AP2 complex, facilitates the degradation and trafficking of E3-ubiquitin ligase Highwire (Hiw)/PHR1 and inhibits the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. This function of σ2-adaptin is independent of its Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling regulation. Loss of σ2-adaptin leads to Hiw accumulation and mislocalization in the neuronal cell body, leading to elevated MAP3K Wallenda levels. Stabilizing Hiw by expressing Rae1 or genetically blocking the JNK signaling suppresses the synaptic overgrowth defects observed inσ2-adaptinmutants. Remarkably, blocking BMP and JNK signaling pathways suppressed the synaptic overgrowth observed in theσ2-adaptinmutant to the wild-type levels. Finally, we show that loss of Rab11 but not Rab5 or Rab7 leads to accumulation/mislocalization of Hiw in the neuronal cell body akin toσ2-adaptinmutants. We propose a model in which endocytosis regulates Rab11-mediated Hiw trafficking and attenuates JNK signaling in a pathway parallel to the BMP signaling to restrict synaptic growth.
Deciphering normal and cancer stem cell niches by spatial transcriptomics: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Sarkar Hirak , Lee Eunmi , Lopez-Darwin Sereno L. , Kang Yibin
Published: November 2024

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) often exhibit stem-like attributes that depend on an intricate stemness-promoting cellular ecosystem within their niche. The interplay between CSCs and their niche has been implicated in tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. Normal stem cells (NSCs) and CSCs share stemness features and common microenvironmental components, displaying significant phenotypic and functional plasticity. Investigating these properties across diverse organs during normal development and tumorigenesis is of paramount research interest and translational potential. Advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS), single-cell transcriptomics, and spatial transcriptomics have ushered in a new era in cancer research, providing high-resolution and comprehensive molecular maps of diseased tissues. Various spatial technologies, with their unique ability to measure the location and molecular profile of a cell within tissue, have enabled studies on intratumoral architecture and cellular cross-talk within the specific niches. Moreover, delineation of spatial patterns for niche-specific properties such as hypoxia, glucose deprivation, and other microenvironmental remodeling are revealed through multilevel spatial sequencing. This tremendous progress in technology has also been paired with the advent of computational tools to mitigate technology-specific bottlenecks. Here we discuss how different spatial technologies are used to identify NSCs and CSCs, as well as their associated niches. Additionally, by exploring related public data sets, we review the current challenges in characterizing such niches, which are often hindered by technological limitations, and the computational solutions used to address them.
DNA-directed termination of mammalian RNA polymerase II
Authors: Davidson Lee , Rouvière Jérôme O. , Sousa-Luís Rui , Nojima Takayuki , Proudfoot Nicholas J. , Jensen Torben Heick , West Steven
Published: November 2024

The best-studied mechanism of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcriptional termination involves polyadenylation site-directed cleavage of the nascent RNA. The RNAPII-associated cleavage product is then degraded by XRN2, dislodging RNAPII from the DNA template. In contrast, prokaryotic RNAP and eukaryotic RNAPIII often terminate directly at T-tracts in the coding DNA strand. Here, we demonstrate a similar and omnipresent capability for mammalian RNAPII. Importantly, this termination mechanism does not require upstream RNA cleavage. Accordingly, T-tract-dependent termination can take place when XRN2 cannot be engaged. We show that T-tracts can terminate snRNA transcription independently of RNA cleavage by the Integrator complex. Importantly, we found genome-wide termination at T-tracts in promoter-proximal regions but not within protein-coding gene bodies. XRN2-dependent termination dominates downstream from protein-coding genes, but the T-tract process is sometimes used. Overall, we demonstrate global DNA-directed attrition of RNAPII transcription, suggesting that RNAPs retain the potential to terminate over T-rich sequences throughout evolution.
X-ray diagnostics for the cavity-based x-ray free-electron laser project
Authors: Liu Peifan , Pradhan Paresh , Miceli Antonino , Walko Donald A. , Shu Deming , Sullivan Joseph , Lang Keenan , Rivers Mark , Balcazar Mario , Li Kenan , Margraf Rachel , Halavanau Aliaksei , Sakdinawat Anne , Sato Takahiro , Zhu Diling , Shvyd’ko Yuri
Published: November 2024

The success of x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) in recent years has greatly advanced many scientific fields. However, most of these XFELs suffer from a low longitudinal coherence and instabilities due to the stochastic start-up process. A cavity-based x-ray free-electron laser (CBXFEL) is a possible future direction in the development of fully coherent and stable x-ray sources. One of the challenges of a CBXFEL is the requirement for the μm−sized electron bunches to fully overlap in three dimensions with the circulating μm−sized x-ray pulses in an x-ray cavity tens or hundreds of meters long. We present here the development of an x-ray diagnostics system for accurate alignment of x-ray beams in the CBXFEL cavity. The system was developed within the framework of a CBXFEL research and development collaboration among Argonne National Laboratory, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, and Spring-8. All the designed diagnostic components have been fully characterized at the Advanced Photon Source to demonstrate a capability for sub-μrad angular and μm spatial alignment of the CBXFEL cavity.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Superconducting quasiparticle-amplifying transmon: A qubit-based sensor for meV-scale phonons and single terahertz photons
Authors: Fink C.W. , Salemi C.P. , Young B.A. , Schuster D.I. , Kurinsky N.A.
Published: November 2024

With great interest from the quantum computing community, an immense amount of R&D effort has been invested into improving superconducting qubits. The technologies developed for the design and fabrication of these qubits can be directly applied to applications for ultralow-threshold particle detectors, e.g., low-mass dark matter and far-infrared photon sensing. We propose a novel energy-resolving sensor based on the transmon qubit architecture combined with a signal-enhancing superconducting quasiparticle amplification stage. We refer to these sensors as SQUATs: superconducting quasiparticle-amplifying transmons. We detail the operating principle and design of this new sensor and predict that, with minimal R&D effort, solid-state-based detectors patterned with these sensors can achieve sensitivity to single terahertz photons, and sensitivity to 1meV phonons in the detector absorber substrate on the microsecond timescale.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Skew scattering and ratchet effect in photonic graphene
Authors: Bahrova O. M. , Koniakhin S. V.
Published: November 2024

This paper is devoted to a comprehensive theoretical study of asymmetric (skew) scattering in photonic graphene, with the main focus on its realization with semiconductor microcavity exciton-polaritons. As an important consequence of the skew scattering, we prove the appearance of the ratchet effect in this system. Triangular defects in the form of missing micropillars in a regular honeycomb lattice are considered to be ones that break the spatial inversion symmetry, thus providing the possibility of the ratchet effect. By means of the numerical solution of the effective Schrödinger equation, we provide microscopical insight into the process of skew scattering and determine indicatrices, cross sections, and asymmetry parameters. In a system with multiple coherently oriented triangular defects, a macroscopic ratchet effect occurs as a unidirectional flux upon noiselike initial conditions. Our study broadens the concept of ratchet phenomena in the field of photonics and optics of exciton-polaritons.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Initial tensor construction and dependence of the tensor renormalization group on initial tensors
Authors: Nakayama Katsumasa , Schneider Manuel
Published: November 2024

We propose a method to construct a tensor network representation of partition functions without singular value decompositions nor series expansions. The approach is demonstrated for one- and two-dimensional Ising models and we study the dependence of the tensor renormalization group (TRG) on the form of the initial tensors and their symmetries. We further introduce variants of several tensor renormalization algorithms. Our benchmarks reveal a significant dependence of various TRG algorithms on the choice of initial tensors and their symmetries. However, we show that the boundary TRG technique can eliminate the initial tensor dependence for all TRG methods. The numerical results of TRG calculations can thus be made significantly more robust with only a few changes in the code. Furthermore, we study a three-dimensional Z2 gauge theory without gauge fixing and confirm the applicability of the initial tensor construction. Our method can straightforwardly be applied to systems with longer range and multisite interactions, such as the next-nearest neighbor Ising model.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Vacuum radiation pressure fluctuations on electrons
Authors: Ford L. H.
Published: November 2024

This paper is a continuation of a study of the properties and applications of quantum stress tensor fluctuations. Here we treat the vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic energy-momentum flux operator which has been averaged in space and time. The probability distribution of these fluctuations depends upon the details of this averaging and may allow fluctuations very large compared to the variance. The possibility of detecting their effects on electrons will be considered. The averaging of the flux operator will arise from the interaction of an electron with a wave packet containing real photons. The vacuum radiation pressure fluctuations can exert a force on the electron in any direction, in contrast to the effect of scattering by real photons. Some numerical estimates of the effect will be given.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Decay
Bc+→D(s)(*)+ℓ+ℓ−
within covariant confined quark model
Authors: Ivanov M. A. , Pandya J. N. , Santorelli P. , Soni N. R.
Published: November 2024

We study the rare semileptonic decays of Bc mesons within the effective field theoretical framework of covariant confined quark model. The transition form factors corresponding to Bc+→D(*)+ and Bc+→Ds(*)+ are computed in the entire q2 range. Using form factors, we compute the branching fractions and compare them with the available theoretical results. We also compute various physical observables such as forward-backward asymmetry, longitudinal and transverse polarizations, as well as clean angular observables.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Mapping eccentricity evolutions between numerical relativity and effective-one-body gravitational waveforms
Authors: Bonino Alice , Schmidt Patricia , Pratten Geraint
Published: November 2024

Orbital eccentricity in compact binaries is considered to be a key tracer of their astrophysical origin, and can be inferred from gravitational-wave observations due to its imprint on the emitted signal. For a robust measurement, accurate waveform models are needed. However, ambiguities in the definition of eccentricity can obfuscate the physical meaning and result in seemingly discrepant measurements. In this work we present a suite of 28 new numerical relativity simulations of eccentric, aligned-spin binary black holes with mass ratios between 1 and 6 and initial post-Newtonian eccentricities between 0.05 and 0.3. We then develop a robust pipeline for measuring the eccentricity evolution as a function of frequency from gravitational-wave observables that is applicable even to signals that span at least ≳7 orbits. We assess the reliability of our procedure and quantify its robustness under different assumptions on the data. Using the eccentricity measured at the first apastron, we initialize effective-one-body waveforms and quantify how the precision in the eccentricity measurement, and therefore the choice of the initial conditions, impacts the agreement with the numerical data. We find that even small deviations in the initial eccentricity can lead to non-negligible differences in the phase and amplitude of the waveforms. However, we demonstrate that we can reliably map the eccentricities between the simulation data and analytic models, which is crucial for robustly building eccentric hybrid waveforms, and to improve the accuracy of eccentric waveform models in the strong-field regime.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Gauge Theory Bootstrap
Authors: He Yifei , Kruczenski Martin
Published: November 2024

We propose the gauge theory bootstrap, a method to compute the pion S matrix that describes the low-energy physics of the strong interaction and other similar gauge theories. The phase shifts of the S0, P1, and S2 waves obtained are in good agreement with experimental results. The only numerical inputs are the quark mass mq, the QCD scale ΛQCD, the pion mass mπ, and the pion decay constant fπ without any other experimental data. We make use of the form-factor bootstrap recently proposed by Karateev, Kuhn, and Penedones together with a finite energy version of the Shifman-Veinshtein-Zakharov sum rules.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Shedding Light on Hadronization by Quarkonium Energy Correlator
Authors: Chen An-Ping , Liu Xiaohui , Ma Yan-Qing
Published: November 2024

We propose to measure the energy correlator in quarkonium production, which tracks the energy deposited in the calorimeter at the χ-angular distance away from the identified quarkonium. The observable eliminates the need for jets while sustaining the perturbative predictive power. Analyzing the power correction to the energy correlator, we demonstrate that the novel observable supplies a unique gateway to probing the hadronization, especially when cosχ≳0 in the quarkonium rest frame, where the perturbative emissions are depleted due to the dead-cone effects. We expect the quarkonium energy correlator to add a new dimension to quarkonium studies.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Comparison and AI-based prediction of graph comprehension skills based on the visual strategies of first-year physics and medicine students
Authors: Ruf Verena , Dinc Yavuz , Küchemann Stefan , Berndt Markus , Steinert Steffen , Kugelmann Daniela , Bortfeldt Jonathan , Schreiber Jörg , Fischer Martin R. , Kuhn Jochen
Published: November 2024

Graphical representations of data are common in many disciplines. Previous research has found that physics students appear to have better graph comprehension skills than students from social science disciplines, regardless of the task context. However, the graph comprehension skills of physics students have not yet been compared with (veterinary) medicine students, both of which are disciplines that require multiple science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses. This study extends previous research on this subject by exploring whether physics majors possess superior graph comprehension skills due to their study discipline. Here, participants solved 24 graph comprehension tasks across various subjects, including mathematics, physics, and medicine; these tests were conducted at the beginning and end of their first semester. Graph comprehension gain was calculated based on the percentage of correct and incorrect answers in the pretest and the post-test. In addition to these comparisons, we replicated previous research that successfully distinguished correct and incorrect solvers based on their visual behavior by using a novel machine-learning method tailored to small datasets. Through this replication of statistical analyses, we aim to ensure the reliability of adaptive learning systems in the future, regardless of data size, using the same machine-learning method. Physics and medical students were found to exhibit relatively similar graph comprehension gain; this is in contrast to previous research comparing physics and non-STEM students. Our results also revealed that both physics and medical students use similar visual strategies to solve these tasks. However, correct and incorrect solvers could be distinguished via machine-learning methods regardless of their discipline. Our research suggests that visual behavior is a good predictor of graph comprehension skills.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Quantum measurement encoding for quantum metrology
Authors: Yang Jing
Published: November 2024

Preserving the precision of the parameter of interest in the presence of environmental decoherence is an important yet challenging task in dissipative quantum sensing. In this work, we study quantum metrology when the decoherence effect is unraveled by a set of quantum measurements, dubbed quantum measurement encoding. In our case, the estimation parameter is encoded into a quantum state through a quantum measurement, unlike the parameter encoding through a unitary channel in the decoherence-free case or trace-preserving quantum channels in the case of decoherence. We identify conditions for a precision-preserving measurement encoding. These conditions can be employed to transfer metrological information from one subsystem to another through quantum measurements. Furthermore, postselected non-Hermitian sensing can also be viewed as quantum sensing with measurement encoding. When the precision-preserving conditions are violated in non-Hermitian sensing, we derive a universal formula for the loss of precision.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Manipulating winding numbers and multiple topological bound states via long-range coupling in chiral photonic lattices
Authors: Li Chu , Wang Ruiqi , Gong Qihuang , Li Yan
Published: November 2024

The topological bound states are limited to one pair in traditional one-dimensional (1D) topological chiral models as the winding number can only take the value of 0 or 1. It was increased to 2 or 3 via long-range couplings (LRCs) that were restricted to second- or third-order in recent experimental or theoretical researches. How to generate larger winding number to manipulate more topological bound states remains a challenge. Here, we propose an effective method by introducing arbitrary Nth order LRC stronger than the sum of other order couplings. The resulting winding number has been computed by getting the winding loop's envelope in parameter space. The coupling-inverted 1D photonic topological insulators supporting up to three pairs of highly localized multiple topological bound states are realized by fabricating photonic lattices with multi-layer waveguide arrays. Furthermore, these topological bound states are closely spaced, offering a promising implementation approach of multimode topological lasers in gain media. Our work highlights the advantages of LRCs in manipulating the topological phases of matter.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Limitation of single-repumping schemes for laser cooling of Sr atoms
Authors: Okamoto Naohiro , Aoki Takatoshi , Torii Yoshio
Published: November 2024

We explore the efficacy of two single-repumping schemes, 5s5pP23−5p2P23 (481nm) and 5s5pP23−5s5dD23 (497nm), for a magneto-optical trap (MOT) of Sr atoms. We reveal that the enhancement in the MOT lifetime is limited to 26.9(2) for any single-repumping scheme. Our investigation indicates that the primary decay path from the 5s5pP11 state to the 5s5pP03 state proceeds via the 5s4dD13 state, rather than through the upper states accessed by the single-repumping lasers. We estimate that the branching ratio for the 5s5pP11→5s4dD13→5s5pP03 decay path is 1:3.9(1.5)×106 and the decay rate for the transition from the 5s5pP11 state to the 5s4dD13 state is 83(32)s−1. This outcome underscores the limitation on atom number in the MOT for long loading times (≳1s) when employing a single-repumping scheme. These findings will contribute to the construction of field-deployable optical lattice clocks.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Transfer of solitons and half-vortex solitons via adiabatic passage
Authors: Wang Chenhui , Zhang Yongping , Konotop V. V.
Published: November 2024

We show that the transfer of matter-wave solitons and half-vortex solitons in a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate between two (or more) arbitrarily chosen sites of an optical lattice can be implemented using the adiabatic passage. The underlying linear Hamiltonian has a flat band in its spectrum, so that even sufficiently weak interatomic interactions can sustain well-localized Wannier solitons which are involved in the transfer process. The adiabatic passage is assisted by properly chosen spatial and temporal modulations of the Rabi frequency. Within the framework of a few-mode approximation, the mechanism is enabled by a dark state created by coupling the initial and target low-energy solitons with a high-energy extended Bloch state, like in the conventional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage used for the coherent control of quantum states. In real space, however, the atomic transfer between initial and target states is sustained by the current carried by the extended Bloch state, which remains populated during the whole process. The full description of the transfer is provided by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Protocols for the adiabatic passage are described for one- and two-dimensional optical lattices, as well as for splitting and subsequent transfer of an initial wave packet simultaneously to two different target locations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Energy depletion and re-acceleration of driver electrons in a plasma-wakefield accelerator
Authors: Peña F. , Lindstrøm C. A. , Beinortaitė J. , Björklund Svensson J. , Boulton L. , Diederichs S. , Foster B. , Garland J. M. , González Caminal P. , Loisch G. , Schröder S. , Thévenet M. , Wesch S. , Wood J. C. , Osterhoff J. , D'Arcy R.
Published: November 2024

For plasma-wakefield accelerators to fulfill their potential for cost effectiveness, it is essential that their energy-transfer efficiency be maximized. A key aspect of this efficiency is the near-complete transfer of energy, or depletion, from the driver electrons to the plasma wake. Achieving full depletion is limited by the process of re-acceleration, which occurs when the driver electrons decelerate to nonrelativistic energies, slipping backward into the accelerating phase of the wakefield and being subsequently re-accelerated. Such re-acceleration is unambiguously observed here for the first time. At this re-acceleration limit, we measure a beam driver depositing (57 ± 3)% of its energy into a 195-mm-long plasma. This suggests that the energy-transfer efficiency of plasma accelerators could approach that of conventional accelerators.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Conformal field theories in a magnetic field
Authors: Boyack Rufus , Delacrétaz Luca , Dupuis Éric , Witczak-Krempa William
Published: November 2024

We study the properties of 2+1d conformal field theories (CFTs) in a background magnetic field. Using generalized particle-vortex duality, we argue that in many cases of interest the theory becomes gapped, which allows us to make a number of predictions for the magnetic response, background monopole operators, and more. Explicit calculations at large N for Wilson-Fisher and Gross-Neveu CFTs support our claim, and yield the spectrum of background (defect) monopole operators. Finally, we point out that other possibilities exist: certain CFTs can become metallic in a magnetic field. Such a scenario occurs, for example, with a Dirac fermion coupled to a Chern-Simons gauge field, where a non-Fermi liquid is argued to emerge.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Controlling clouds-to-scars dislocations' transitions on spherical crystal shells
Authors: Davidyan Shirel , Matoz-Fernandez Daniel A. , Butenko Alexander V. , García-Aguilar Ireth , Giomi Luca , Sloutskin Eli
Published: November 2024

The closed topology of spherical crystals renders the presence of topological defects inevitable. These defects can organize in a plethora of different structures, such as “clouds” or grain boundary “scars”, challenging for theoretical modeling and experimental visualization. Visualizing the defects by fluorescent dye adsorption, we reveal ion concentration control of a clouds-to-scars transition, which we attribute to commonly neglected defects' core energy. The consequent line tension energy probes the defects' molecular scale energetics, enabling pattern tuning for future applications.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Floquet prethermal order by disorder
Authors: Jin Hui-Ke , Knolle Johannes
Published: November 2024

Frustrated magnets can have accidental ground state degeneracies which may be lifted by various forms of disorder, for example in the form of thermal or quantum fluctuations. This order by disorder (ObD) paradigm is well established in equilibrium and here is generalized to Floquet many-body systems. Investigating a periodically driven XXZ-compass model on the square lattice, we show that in a prethermal regime, dynamical fluctuations induced by high-frequency drives select a discrete set of states out of a degenerate ground state manifold of the lowest order Floquet Hamiltonian chosen as initial states. Remarkably, prior to the ObD selection, an unusual fluctuating regime emerges leading to a prethermalization timescale scaling linearly with the drive frequency. We argue that prethermal ObD with its unusual approach to the selected states is a generic phenomenon of driven frustrated systems and confirm it in the paradigmatic J1−J2 XX model.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Reflection parity and space-time parity photonic conservation laws in parametric nonlinear optics
Authors: Lerner Gavriel , Even Tzur Matan , Neufeld Ofer , Fleischer Avner , Cohen Oren
Published: November 2024

Conservation laws are some of the most generic and useful concepts in physics. In nonlinear optical parametric processes, conservation of photonic energy, momenta and parity often lead to selection rules, restricting the allowed polarization and frequencies of the emitted radiation. Here we present a scheme to derive conservation laws in optical parametric processes in which many photons are annihilated and a single photon is emitted. We first rederive with it the known nonlinear optical conservation laws, and then utilize it to predict and explore conservations of reflection parity and space-time parity. Conservation of arises from a generalized reflection symmetry of the polarization in a superspace, analogous to the superspace employed in the study of quasicrystals. Conservation of similarly arises from space-time reversal symmetry in superspace. We explore these conservation laws numerically in the context of high-harmonic generation and outline experimental setups where they can be tested.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Singlet, triplet, and mixed all-to-all pairing states emerging from incoherent fermions
Authors: Sutradhar Jagannath , Ruhman Jonathan , Klein Avraham
Published: November 2024

The electron-electron and electron-phonon coupling in complex materials can be more complicated than simple density-density interactions, involving intertwined dynamics of spin, charge, and spatial symmetries. This motivates studying universal models with complex interactions and whether BCS-type singlet pairing is still the “natural” fate of the system. To this end, we construct a Yukawa-SYK model with nonlocal couplings in both spin and charge channels. Furthermore, we provide for time-reversal-symmetry breaking dynamics by averaging over the Gaussian unitary ensemble rather than the orthogonal ensemble. We find that the ground state of the system can be an orbitally nonlocal superconducting state arising from incoherent fermions with no BCS-like analog. The superconductivity has an equal tendency to triplet and singlet pairing states separated by a non-Fermi liquid phase. We further study the fate of the system within the superconducting phase and find that the expected ground state, away from the critical point, is a mixed singlet/triplet state. Finally, we find that, while at Tc the triplet and singlet transitions are dual to one another, below Tc the duality is broken, with the triplet state more susceptible to orbital fluctuations just by its symmetry. Our results indicate that such fluctuation-induced mixed states may be an inherent feature of strongly correlated materials.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Origin of correlated diffuse scattering in the hexagonal manganites
Authors: Tošić Tara N. , Deen Pascale P. , Simonov Arkadiy , Spaldin Nicola A.
Published: November 2024

We use a combination of first-principles density-functional calculations and spin-dynamics simulations to explain the unusual diffuse inelastic neutron scattering in the hexagonal multiferroic yttrium manganite, YMnO3. Using symmetry considerations, we construct a model spin Hamiltonian with parameters derived from our density-functional calculations and show that it captures the measured behavior. We then show that the observed directionality in the structured diffuse scattering in momentum space is a hallmark of the triangular geometry, and that its persistence across a wide range of temperatures, both above and below the Néel temperature TN, is a result of the strong magnetic frustration. We predict that this diffuse scattering exists in a yet-to-be-observed modulated continuum of energies, that its associated spin excitations have distinct in-plane and out-of-plane character, and that vestiges of the magnetic frustration persist into the sub−TN state. Finally, we show that visualizing the magnetic order in terms of composite trimer magnetoelectric monopoles and toroidal moments, rather than individual spins, provides insight into the real-space fluctuations, revealing clusters of emerging order in the paramagnetic state, as well as collective short-range excitations in the ordered antiferromagnetic phase. Our understanding of this directional diffuse scattering in such a wide temperature range, both below and above TN, provides new insight into the magnetic phase transitions in classical frustrated systems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering at high pressure (HP-GISANS): a soft matter feasibility study on grafted brush films
Authors: Vagias Apostolos , Manouras Theodore , Buchner Andreas , Gutfreund Philipp , Porcar Lionel , Jacques Mark , Chiappisi Leonardo , Kosbahn David P. , Wolf Marcell , Guasco Laura , Dahint Reiner , Vamvakaki Maria , Müller-Buschbaum Peter
Published: November 2024

Grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering (GISANS) under pressure (HP-GISANS) at the solid (Si)–liquid (D2O) interface is demonstrated for the pressure-induced lateral morphological characterization of the nanostructure in thin (<100 nm) soft matter films. We demonstrate feasibility by investigating a hydrophobic {poly[(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro)pentyl methacrylate]} (POFPMA)–hydrophilic {poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]} (PDMAEMA) brush mixture of strong incompatibility between the homopolymers, anchored on Si, at T = 45°C for two pressures, P = 1 bar and P = 800 bar. Our GISANS results reveal nanostructural rearrangements with increasing P, underlining P-induced effects in tethered polymer brush layers swollen with bulk solvent.
Synthesis and structure of pentakis(2-aminopyridinium) nonavanado(V)tellurate(VI)
Authors: Mrad Houda , Maalaoui Ahlem , Rzaigui Mohamed , Akriche Samah
Published: November 2024

In the title compound, (C5H7N2)5[TeV9O28], the tellurium and vanadium atoms are statistically disordered over two of the ten metal-atom sites in the [TeV9O28]5– heteropolyanion. The anions stack along [100] and are extended into a three-dimensional supramolecular network through N—H...O and weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the self-assembled 2-aminopyridinium pentamers, which are linked by C—H...π and π–π stacking interactions. The most important contributions to the Hirshfeld surface arise from O...H/H...O (54.8%), H...H (17.8%) and C...H/H...C (13.4%) contacts.
Implementation and evaluation of a mobile application to support occupational therapy education
Authors: Ruiz Fernández María Luisa , Márquez-Álvarez Luis-Javier , Jiménez-Arberas Estíbaliz , Fernández Méndez Isabel
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of a mobile application, ValTO, designed to enhance communication and professional reasoning skills in occupational therapy students through a case-based learning approach.

Design/methodology/approach

A descriptive exploratory study was conducted with 32 second-year occupational therapy students. The usability of the app was assessed using the Mobile Application Rating Scale and the System Usability Scale, complemented by the University of Oviedo’s Learning Satisfaction Survey.

Findings

The majority of students (77.8%) rated the app above average on the System Usability Scale, with 50% scoring it as excellent. Mobile Application Rating Scale scores revealed high ratings across functionality, aesthetics and information quality, with a significant correlation between app usability and user satisfaction. Increased student satisfaction was also observed in the Learning Satisfaction Survey compared to previous years.

Originality/value

ValTO integrates modern mobile health tools into occupational therapy education, enhancing students’ decision-making skills in an innovative, real-world context. This study contributes to the growing body of research on mobile health applications in educational settings, demonstrating their potential to improve both student engagement and learning outcomes.
Is Cost of Equity Capital influenced by intellectual capital? An empirical analysis from the perspective of Indian companies
Authors: Ghosh Chiranjit
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This empirical study is developed with an aim of exploring how and to what extent the current year’s as well as lagged years’ disclosure level of intellectual capital (IC) influences the firm's value which is measured through the Cost of Equity Capital.

Design/methodology/approach

The content analysis technique is applied on the annual reports of 50 sample companies to construct an IC disclosure index for measuring the volume of IC disclosure and to collect other relevant information for the study periods from 2015–16 to 2019–20. However, due to unavailability of information for all the study periods, 7 companies were eliminated and finally 43 companies are used for analytical purpose. Keeping in mind about the aim of this research, regression equations are run to analyze the cause–effect relationship between the IC disclosure level and the Cost of Equity Capital after excluding the influence of other factors like firm size, unlevered beta and market-to-book ratio.

Findings

The present study finds that the amount of IC disclosure has an inverse association with the cost of equity capital. Our study also confirms that lagged years’ IC disclosure has a greater inverse effect than the current year’s IC disclosure on the Cost of Equity Capital.

Originality/value

For the first time in the literature of IC disclosure in the perspective of Indian context, this empirical study takes an initiative to investigate the impact of current year’s as well as backlog years’ IC disclosure level on the Cost of Equity Capital.
How long does purchase intention exist? “Buying intention survival”: a new insight into forecasting purchase intention abandonment
Authors: Baati Ons , Akrout Fathi
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to predict the probability and duration of “Buying Intention Survival” (BIS) and to propose a conceptual framework illustrating its determinants. More specifically, it aims to determine the likelihood of buying intention abandonment (BIA) and the time frame in which the intention abandonment might occur.

Design/methodology/approach

The data for this study were collected using an online survey of a sample of 573 Tunisian consumers. The data were then subjected to a survival analysis. This method is used for the first time in this context.

Findings

Results show that the average duration of the BIS could extend over 162 months. Findings also suggest that involvement, anticipated regret linked to a no-purchase decision and social influence have a positive effect on BIS, whereas anticipated regret linked to purchase influences BIS negatively.

Practical implications

Accurately anticipating the date of BIA is of paramount importance for marketers as it allows them to implement strategies that reduce the risk of abandonment and encourage customers to promptly fulfill their purchasing intentions.

Originality/value

This paper introduces a new concept, namely, BIS, and applies a survival analysis method to determine whether purchase intention disappears over time, how soon it may disappear, and possible reasons this may occur.
Collaboration and perceived job demands, job control and social support in primary care: a social network approach
Authors: Väisänen Visa , Luke-Currier Addiena , Hietapakka Laura , Elovainio Marko , Sinervo Timo
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the associations of collaboration measured as social network characteristics with perceived job demands, job control and social support in primary healthcare professionals.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional study design incorporating social network analysis was utilized. Wellbeing surveys with a network questionnaire were sent to care personnel (physicians, nurses and allied health workers) of Finnish primary healthcare in December 2022 (n = 96). Correlation coefficients and multivariate linear regression modeling were used to analyze the associations.

Findings

Higher level of collaboration (measured as number of connections in the network) was associated with lower perceived job demands and higher job control. Care professionals’ frequency of collaboration and proportion of connections with the same occupation (homophily) were borderline associated with social support, indicating further research needs. Larger professional networks, perhaps enabling better teamwork and sharing of workload or information, may directly or indirectly protect from job strain.

Practical implications

Work-related collaboration in primary care should be encouraged and large support networks need to be promoted further. Individuals, especially allied health workers, working in multiple locations or as a sole member of their occupation group in the work community need to be provided with adequate social support.

Originality/value

Social network analysis has been proposed as a tool to investigate care integration and collaboration, but direct analyses of network measures and validated wellbeing instruments have remained absent. This study illuminated the role of collaboration structures in work-related wellbeing of care professionals by showcasing the potential of social network analysis.
A case of indeterminate cell histiocytosis with ETV3‐NCOA2 translocation
Authors: Suzuki Norihito , Shimauchi Takatoshi , Baba Satoshi , Nagakura Yuka , Takahashi Juri , Ajima Sayaka , Tajima Mizuho , Kitauchi Yurie , Kageyama Reiko , Honda Tetsuya
Published: November 2024

Indeterminate cell histiocytosis (ICH) is a rare histiocytic disorder characterized by a proliferation of CD1a+ and CD207/langerin− cells. Recent molecular analyses have identified ETV3‐NCOA2 translocation as a possible aetiopathogenesis of ICH. Herein, we describe the first Japanese case of ICH with ETV3‐NCOA2 translocation. A 79‐year‐old Japanese man presented with a 1‐year history of pruritic erythematous papules and nodules on his trunk and extremities. Histological examination revealed a dense and diffuse sheets–like infiltration of medium‐sized histiocyte‐like cells from the epidermis to the deep dermis. Immunohistochemically, the atypical cells were positive for CD1a but negative for CD207/langerin. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using NCOA2 break‐apart probes confirmed a chromosomal break occurring on NCOA2 monoallele in the tumor cells. Furthermore, ETV3 exon 4‐NCOA2 exon 14 translocation was identified in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded skin samples using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and subsequent direct DNA sequencing. He also presented with interspersed eczematous plaques on his trunk and reactive dermatopathic lymphoadenopathy without any infiltration of ICH. He was treated with topical corticosteroids and narrowband UVB phototherapy. Four months later, his ICH skin eruptions, eczematous plaques, and lymphoadenopathy gradually regressed. Our case supports the notion that the detection of ETV3‐NCOA2 translocation can be useful for diagnosis of ICH.