bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of employment and adaptation of repatriates and their influence on the internal labor migration in Kazakhstan
Authors: Zhapakov Sabyrzhan M. , Omirzhanov Yesbol T. , Maulen Aidana , Omirtay Roza , Azhinurina Dinara A.
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

This article provides a full description of the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan on employment and adaptation of repatriates (oralmans) and identify problematic issues in this field. We paid attention to the main problems of repatriates in the homeland and analyzed the influence of oralmans on the internal labor migration in Kazakhstan.

OBJECTIVE:

This is the first independent study that investigates the Kazakh people who have returned from abroad, who form part of the population of internal labor migration.

METHODS:

Various study methods were used, including analysis and synthesis, comparison and observation.

RESULTS:

The authors analyzed historical aspects of the formation Kazakh diaspora and irredenta abroad, as well as provide information about the return of oralmans to the homeland. Furthermore, we separately examined the problems that oralmans face after returning to their homeland, and tried to identify the cause of each problem. The main problem was unemployment among oralmans. Because of the lack of a permanent job, oralmans often become subjects of internal labor migration.

CONCLUSIONS:

We analyzed various statistical data in terms of the numbers, formations, and dispositions of the oralmans. We furthermore analyzed the measures implemented by the state to solve existing problems. In the concluding part of the article, the authors give concrete recommendations on how to prevent the participation of oralmans in internal labor migration.
Cardiac Surgery is Associated with Biomarker Evidence of Neuronal Damage
Authors: Alifier Marek , Olsson Bob , Andreasson Ulf , Cullen Nicholas C. , Czyżewska Jolanta , Jakubów Piotr , Sieśkiewicz Andrzej , Stasiak-Barmuta Anna , Hirnle Tomasz , Kornhuber Johannes , Zetterberg Henrik , Lewczuk Piotr , Blennow Kaj
Published: March 2020

Background:

Anesthesia and surgery is commonly associated with central nervous system sequelae and cognitive symptoms, which may be caused by neuronal injury. Neuronal injury can be monitored by plasma concentrations of the neuronal biomarkers tau and neurofilament light protein (NFL). Currently, there are no studies examining whether neuronal injury varies between surgical procedures.

Objective:

Our aim was to investigate if neuronal damage is more frequent after cardiac than after otolaryngeal surgery, as estimated by tau and NFL concentrations in plasma.

Methods:

Blood samples were drawn before, during, and after surgery and concentrations of tau, NFL, Aβ40, and Aβ42 were measured in 25 patients undergoing cardiac surgery (9 off-pump and 16 on-pump) and 26 patients undergoing otolaryngeal surgery.

Results:

Tau increased during surgery (1752%, p = 0.0001) and NFL rose seven days post-surgery (1090%, p < 0.0001) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery; even more in patients on-pump than off-pump. No changes were observed in patients undergoing otolaryngeal surgery and only minor fluctuations were observed for Aβ40 and Aβ42.

Conclusion:

Cardiac surgery is associated with neuronal injury, which is aggravated by extracorporeal circulation. Analyses of NFL and tau in blood may guide development of surgical procedures to minimize neuronal damage, and may also be used in longitudinal clinical studies to assess the relationship of surgery with future neurocognitive impairment or dementia.
Parkinson’s Disease in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia: Consensus from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force for the Middle East
Authors: Khalil Hanan , Chahine Lana M. , Siddiqui Junaid , Salari Mehri , El-Jaafary Shaimaa , Aldaajani Zakiyah , Abu Al-Melh Mishal , Mohammad Tareq Mohammad , Abu Snineh Muneer , Syed Nadir A. , Bhatt Mohit , Habib Mohammad Ahsan , Habahbeh Majed , Tabbal Samer D. , Jeon Beomseok , Bajwa Jawad A.
Published: March 2020

Background: Understanding the regional needs and available healthcare resources to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD) is essential to plan appropriate future priorities. The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Task Force for the Middle East was established to raise awareness and promote education across the region on PD and other movement disorders. Broadly, the task force encompasses the countries of the Middle East but has included North Africa and South Asia as well (MENASA). Objective: To create a list of needs and priorities in the advancement of PD in MENASA countries based on consensuses generated by the MDS task force for the Middle East. Methods: A Strengths Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis was conducted by the task force members to generate consensus about PD care this region. Results: Eight overarching principles emerged for the consensus statement on current needs: more movement disorders specialists, multidisciplinary care, accurate epidemiologic data, educational programs, availability of drugs, and availability of more advanced therapy, enhanced health care resources and infrastructure, and greater levels of awareness within the general population and among health care professionals. Conclusion: This pilot study sheds light on unmet needs for providing care to people with PD in the MENASA region. These data offer directions on priorities to increase awareness of PD, to develop better infrastructure for research and management of PD, to foster healthcare policy discussions for PD and to provide educational opportunities within these countries.
PERAN KEPEMIMPINAN KIAI DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN (STUDI KASUS DI PONDOK PESANTREN BAHRUL MAGHFIROH KOTA MALANG)
Authors: Syafi'i Syafi'i
Published: March 2020

The leadership of the kiai becomes very important in Islamic boarding school because the development of the quality of pesantren education depends on the competence of the leader, the meaning of the leader here is the kiai or caretaker of the boarding school. This study aims to describe the first role of leadership in improving the quality of education, secondly the leadership of kiai that is effective in improving the quality of education in Islamic boarding schools.This research uses a qualitative method, with a case study in Bahrul Maghfiroh Islamic Boarding School in Malang. Data collection was carried out using interview, observation, and documentation and observation techniques. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative methods and inductive thinking patterns. The purpose is to analyze the data obtained from field objects, and then to be related to relevant theories.The results showed: 1) The role of the kiai in improving quality in the Bahrul Maghfiroh Islamic boarding school in Malang is as a manager, educator, human resource empowerment, decision maker, attainee of the pesantren, motivator and supervisor. 2) Effective kiai leadership is leadership that builds cooperation with kiai or other institutions, regenerates kiai and builds good relations with the community.
PERBANDINGAN METODE KLASIFIKASI ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BACKPROPAGATION DAN REGRESI LOGISTIK (Studi Kasus : Bank Internasional Indonesia)
Authors: Hasanah Siti Hadijah
Published: March 2020

Kredit tanpa agunan (KTA) adalah salah satu produk kredit yang diberikan bank kepada nasabah kredit dalam bentuk fasilitas pinjaman tanpa ada suatu jaminan. Karena tidak ada jaminan atas pinjaman tersebut maka bank harus berhati-hati memeriksa calon nasabah kredit agar tidak terjadi resiko kerugian di kemudian hari. Pengajuan aplikasi KTA oleh nasabah kepada pihak bank akan dilakukan penilaian berdasarkan teknik klasifikasi. Teknik klasifikasi pada KTA ini menggunakan metode pendekatan statistik yaitu regresi logistik dan ANN. Regresi logistik merupakan salah satu metode parametrik yang tidak disyaratkan asumsi-asumsi sebagaimana yang harus dipenuhi apabila melakukan analisis data dengan menggunakan regresi linear. Metode ANN adalah pemrosesan informasi yang terinspirasi oleh sistem syaraf biologi (Haykin,1999). Metode regresi logistik memiliki kemampuan untuk menentukan peubah penjelas yang berpengaruh terhadap peubah respon hasil keputusan. Regresi logistik dengan peubah penjelas berpengaruh yaitu jenis kelamin, jumlah cicilan 12 bulan, jumlah cicilan 24 bulan, dan standar gaji. Jadi pihak bank dapat menjadikan peubah penjelas tersebut sebagai pertimbangan untuk menentukan hasil keputusan nasabah KTA. Berdasarkan nilai ketepatan klasifikasi confusion matrix, nilai akurasi, dan AUC pada data training dan data testing metode yang terbaik pada data nasabah KTA yaitu ANN Backpropagation diikuti oleh regresi logistik
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Dalam Pemilihan Perusahaan Jasa Pengiriman Terbaik Dengan Menggunakan Metode AHP dan TOPSIS
Authors: Ilmadi Ilmadi , Suryani Mita
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dilatarbelakangi oleh keinginan untuk mengetahui perusahaan jasa pengiriman terbaik. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan perhitungan menggunakan kombinasi metode AHP dan TOPSIS. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dari hasil kuisioner pengguna jasa pengiriman yakni penjual online, pembeli online dan masyarakat umum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemilihan perusahaan jasa pengiriman berdasarkan preferensi konsumen dipengaruhi oleh biaya kirim dengan bobot prioritas sebesar 0,1884, waktu pengiriman 0,1838, keamanan kiriman 0,1689, jangkauan area 0,1504, pilihan layanan 0,1094, pelacakan online 0,1008 dan ganti rugi 0,9830. Perusahaan jasa pengiriman terbaik adalah JNE dengan nilai JNE dengan nilai sebesar 0,6531, TIKI sebesar 0,6136, dan Pos Indonesia sebesar 0,3969. Sedemikian sehingga JNE merupakan perusahaan jasa pengiriman yang terbaik
MARGALEF INDEX, SIMPSON INDEX AND SHANNON-WEAIVER INDEX CALCULATION FOR DIVERSITY AND ABUDANCE OF BEETLE IN TROPICAL FOREST
Authors: Sina Ibnu , Zulkarnaen Iskandar
Published: March 2020

Field sampling was conducted from July to August 2019 to determine the diversity and abundance of beetle fauna at Gayo Lues Forest, Takengon, Central Aceh. The study was conducted at two sites namely trail I and trail II. The beetles were sampled using 2 light traps, 2 malaise traps and 20 pitfall traps. Total of 219 beetle specimens comprising of 67 species from 24 families were collected. Light trap collected the most number of beetles (N=117) and Margalef index showed that the most abundant beetle was collected by light trap (Margalef index, 27.551). Shannon-Weiner index shows that the most specious beetle was caught by light traps (4.399). The results showed that the most efficient trap was light trapping. Trail I has the most abundance (Margalef Index: 18.572) but trail II was the most specious (Shannon Weiner Index: 4.176) beetle fauna, whereas trail II has the least abundance (Margalef Index: 17.295) and Campsite has least diverse (Shannon Weiner Index: 3.769).The most abundant family caught was Staphylinidae (Margalef index : 2.667) and specious beetle family caught was the Chrysomelida (Shannon Weiner : 1.846) followed by the ground beetle family Scarabaeidae  (Shannon Weiver:1.828). Result of this findings showed that Gayo Lues Forest is an undisturbed forests and has been preserved well.Keywords :  Beetle, Diversity, Abundance, Takengon, Gayo
PERBANDINGAN ESTIMASI S (SCALE) DAN ESTIMASI MM (METHOD OF MOMENT) PADA MODEL REGRESI ROBUST DENGAN DATA PENCILAN
Authors: Semar Arif , Virgantari Fitria , Wijayanti Hagni
Published: March 2020

Model regresi merupakan model yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan hubungan antara variabel bebas dan tidak bebas. Salah satu metode yang sering digunakan untuk menduga parameter model regresi adalah metode OLS (Ordinary Least Square). Dalam model regresi dimungkinkan terdapat outlier (pencilan) yang menyebabkan beberapa asumsi regresi tidak terpenuhi sehingga nilai prediksi menjadi kurang akurat oleh karena itu digunakan metode yang dapat menangani data outlier. Salah satunya adalah metode regresi robust dengan menggunakan estimasi S (Scale) dan MM (Methode of Moment) karena memiliki breakpoint (jumlah maksimum data pencilan yang dapat ditoleransi oleh sebuah model) yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan dan membandingkan estimasi OLS, estimasi S dan estimasi MM yang mengandung data pencilan. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa kemampuan membaca sekelompok anak yang berumur 4 sampai 7 tahun, umur, skor daya ingat dan IQ . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode regresi robust estimasi S merupakan metode terbaik dibandingkan estimasi OLS & estimasi MM karena memiliki nilai R2 tertinggi yaitu sebesar 94,29%. Berdasarkan metode estimasi S diperoleh model Y = âˆ’1,107 + 0,484X1 + 0,052X2 + 0,045X3 dengan Y adalah skor membaca anak-anak yang berumur 4 sampai 7 tahun, X1 adalah umur, X2 adalah skor daya ingat dan X3 adalah IQ.
水利工程泵站的管理及运行分析
Authors: 刘 志超
Published: March 2020

本文简述了当下水利工程泵站的运行情况,并就管理中常见的问题进行了深入分析,提出了对应的管理解决方案。
水利工程建设质量管理问题及解决对策
Authors: 尹 胜
Published: March 2020

目前,我国水利工程项目建设规模在不断扩大,水利工程质量管理工作直接关系着工程项目建设效果。水利工程各个参建单位都需要加强对项目管理工作的重视,深入分析水利工程管理问题,并采取相应的对策,做好项目管理工作,确保水利工程建设质量、安全和进度满足相关要求,文章主要对水利工程建设质量管理问题及解决对策进行了分析,提高水利工程建设质量管理的整体水平。
刍议电力系统变电运行安全管理与设备维护
Authors: 李 兰芳
Published: March 2020

为满足公众生产生活需求,加强电力系统变电运行安全管理与设备维护显得尤为重要。对此,本文分析了电力系统变电运行安全管理与设备维护存在的各类问题,并提出切实可行的改进措施,旨在为业内人士提供参考意见。
水利工程管理的现代化与精细化建设创新点探究
Authors: 赵 雄建
Published: March 2020

水利工程精细化和现代化管理的落实为推动水利行业进一步发展带来了积极作用,且随着科学技术的完善,精细化和现代化管理也成为水利行业发展的必然趋势。本文就将对水利工程管理的现代化和精细化建设创新点进行研究探讨,希望对水利工程管理有所帮助。
A importância do Marketing para as Micros e Pequenas Empresas
Authors: Oliveira Vinícius Cardoso de , Dendasck Carla Viana
Published: March 2020

De acordo com o Sebrae, em 2018, as micro e pequenas empresas eram responsáveis por 52% das posições de emprego, e, correspondem 99% das empresas existentes no Brasil. No entanto, mesmo com esta representatividade 58% destas empresas conseguem ultrapassar os cinco anos de existência. Estima-se que esse alto percentual de mortalidade das organizações esteja relacionado a falta de planejamento e de adoção aos princípios básicos da administração. Desta feita, esse artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma reflexão, utilizando-se da metodologia de revisão bibliográfica, sobre a importância do marketing para estas organizações, bem como, a necessidade de os empreendedores adotarem uma postura estratégica através das possibilidades de marketing, especialmente com relação ao Marketing Digital, garantindo assim a sustentabilidade da organização.

Palavras-Chave: Marketing, empresas, clientes.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Microbial Abundance and Diversity in Acid Mine Drainage from the Solomon Mine Near Creede, Colorado
Authors: Miller Ryan K. , Kirkham Robert M. , Kleinschmit Adam J.
Published: March 2020

This study focused on characterizing the phylotypic composition of acid mine drainage (AMD) communities associated with the Solomon Mine near Creede, Colorado, and its relative diversity compared to microbial communities found in the East Willow Creek (EWC) watershed. AMD from the Solomon Mine adit flows into an existing passive bioremediation wetland system located next to the Solomon Mine adit that currently is ineffective and is under consideration for renovation. We are interested in gaining an understanding of the baseline microbial communities present in AMD/EWC and to monitor them during future wetland renovation. Prokaryotic community profiling was approached using SSU 16S rRNA marker gene amplification coupled with next generation sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis included raw read preprocessing, data visualization, and statistical testing using a combination of USEARCH and QIIME-based scripts. A pH and conductivity gradient were observed for water moving through the currently inefficient wetland system at the Solomon Mine. The EWC microbiomes had statistically significant higher alpha diversity compared to the AMD microbiomes. Beta diversity analysis parsed the sample locations into statistically significant groups including core AMD microbiomes, the wetland Cell 3 microbiome, and EWC microbiomes using multidimensional scaling. Taxa driving beta diversity included the phylum Proteobacteria for the core AMD microbiomes, the phyla Firmicutes and Chloroflexi for the constructed wetland Cell 3, and the phyla Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia for EWC. Our data suggests that the microbial community in constructed wetland Cell 3 is likely where limited sulfate reduction activity is operating at low capacity, which will be further investigated via shotgun metagenomic analysis.
Information and Analytical Support of Education as a Scope of Scientific Activity of a V.O. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Pedagogical Library of Ukraine
Authors: Rostoka Marina Lv.
Published: March 2020

The author reveals the main aspects of the scientific and information activities of the V.O. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Pedagogical Library of Ukraine, in particular, pays attention to the development of a structural unit that carries out scientific information and analytical activities to support the education of Ukraine.
The article provides an analysis of recent studies and publications on informatization and technological education, presents scientists who have made a significant contribution to the development of this area.
According to the purpose of the article, the scientific community is presented for familiarization with information and analytical resources of the V.O. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Pedagogical Library of Ukraine and revealed the main aspects of information and analytical activities of the V.O. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Pedagogical Library of Ukraine.
Information and analytical resources are characterized by such basic components as – Scientific papers of the V.O. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Pedagogical Library of Ukraine; Analytical Bulletin in the field of education and science ;. Analytical reviews of the V.O. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Pedagogical Library of Ukraine; Reviews of the results of scientific activities of institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and others.
The author emphasizes the relevance of the creation and functioning in the V.O. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Pedagogical Library of Ukraine Department of Scientific Information and Analytical Support of Education (DSIASE). It is noted that DSIASE was created to provide basic and applied research in the vector of planned research work of the library.
It is argued that in the V.O. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Pedagogical Library of Ukraine there is an organizational and production system for the implementation of information and analytical support of education, which provides the scope of scientific activities of the institution.
In the perspective of information and analytical activities of the library, the author notes the research search for innovative sources and support for education on the effective modernization and reform of education in Ukraine.
DEVELOPMENT OF ADAPTIVE CAPACITIES OF A PERSON WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS IN AN ADAPTIVE INCLUSIVE SPACE.
Authors: Shemihon Natalia
Published: March 2020

Summary. The article discusses the impact of self-concept on the adaptive capacity of a person with special needs. It is considered how the system of ideas influences the development of the individual. The origins of the problem are described, the characterization of the personality of students with disability status is given. The origins of the problem are described, the characterization of the personality of students with disability status is given. The main task of adaptive inclusive space as a system should be to promote the transformation of the student's inner position, namely, negative personal formations in the structure of self-concept. When developing mechanisms for adaptation of students with special needs, it is necessary to take into account the self-concept, which is characterized by identification with its social status of a disabled person and an increasing tendency to preserve such facilities. The origins of the problem are described, the characterization of the personality of students with disability status is given.
Тhe ways of correction of the self-concept of the disabled, namely, the stimulation to reflexive activity, as a condition that provides the transition to awareness of oneself and problems that hinder the development and adaptation to the educational space, which involves the realization of the subject of special activity, at the same time cognitive and personal character that is already the beginning of the process of developing the adaptive capacity of a student with special needs. One of the conditions for the unfolding of reflection is the failure of the activity, the violation of its natural course, when attempts to use the known methods of action do not work or it is obvious that they cannot be used in this case. The presence of such contradictions requires the personality to resolve the question of their life orientations, which is a mechanism for the development of adaptive capacity of the individual. The corrective component of adaptive inclusive space should help to change the negative concept to the professional self-concept as a result of the interaction of information coming from the internal, subjective world and the external environment, represented primarily by the educational environment of the higher education institution.
CONSORTIUM IN EDUCATION: DIVERSIFICATION PROCESSES AND ADVANCED TRAINING MODELS IN EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND FOR PEDAGOGICAL AND SCIENTIFIC-PEDAGOGICAL WORKERS
Authors: Olifira Larysa , Synenko Svitlana
Published: March 2020

Resume. Global social shifts are requiring qualitative growth of staffing education at all levels. In the period of changes, the system of certification training and postgraduate education of managerial, pedagogical and scientific-pedagogical workers of the branch identified as a priority in implementing innovative approaches to the formation of a new generation of educators, development of new strategies, forms, the content of their professional growth. The study proposes to consider diversification of advanced training for education workers at all levels using the consortium resource as a new institutional form of an educational organization. The effectiveness of the proposed model in ensuring the systematic coordination of inter-institutional cooperation in the fields of academic mobility, research, technological development, and innovation, enhancing the competitiveness of national education at the international level had been proved. Following the example of the activities of the Consortium of Postgraduate Education Institutions and the Ukrainian Open University of Postgraduate Education new opportunities for the qualitative development of postgraduate education have been opened. These opportunities are sharing open educational technologies, resources, and repositories, creating new models of collaboration to develop and disseminate educational resources, the purpose of which is to ensure the quality of education and to implement educational activities based on new technology, didactics and the organization of training. The basic directions and models of innovative approach are analysed for education workers training at all education levels in the context of sustainable development goals, the need for diversification of professional development of pedagogical, scientifically pedagogical and managerial education workers in the context of multi-vector interaction of educational institutions through a consortium is investigated and substantiated. It is proved that the introduction of diversified models of institutional organization of education in the digital society is a crucial component of the continuity of professional development of management, pedagogical and scientific-pedagogical workers and education as a whole.
Tilamallit nautatilan tuotannon kehittämisen apuvälineenä
Authors: Viitala Hannu , Kärkkäinen Leena , Kekkonen Piia
Published: March 2020

Suomen maidontuotannossa lehmien keskituotos on korkea, mutta peltohehtaaria kohti laskettuna maitotuotos on alhainen. Eläintiheys Pohjois-Savossa on vain noin 0,9 ny ha-1. Tämä johtaa siihen, että useilla tiloilla pellon satopotentiaalia ei tarvitse hyödyntää täysimääräisesti. Peltoreservi puskuroi vuosittaisia satovaihteluita ja antaa mahdollisuuden kotieläintuotannon kehittämiseen. Peltoreservi johtaa tilatasolla helposti siihen, että lähimpänä talouskeskusta olevia lohkoja viljellään intensiivisesti ja kaukana sijaitsevia tai muuten epäedullisia lohkoja viljellään laajaperäisesti. Tilamallin avulla selvitettiin säilörehun tuotantokustannusta eri lannoitemäärillä ja erilaisilla korjuumenetelmillä. Tavoitteena oli antaa rehuntuotantokokonaisuuden vaihtoehtoja navetan rehutilauksen toimittamiseksi. Tilamalleissa on vertailtu korjuuketjun, logistiikan, peltojen tilusrakenteen ja peltojen etäisyyden vaikutuksia rehun tuotantokustannuksiin. Keskimääräinen säilörehun satotaso on noin 4 500 kuiva-ainekiloa hehtaarilta. Säilörehun satotasoja nostamalla voidaan parantaa tilan taloutta monella sektorilla. Kun saadaan enemmän rehua, tilan kotieläintuotantoa voidaan kehittää. Tilojen säilörehusatotasojen kehittämiseen otettiin työkaluiksi satovastelaskuri ja tilamallit. Typen satovastelaskurissa säilörehun kuiva-ainesato määritettiin satovastefunktiolla pellon kasvukunnon ja lannoitustason perusteella. Satovastefunktio on määritetty Maaningan ja Ruukin kenttäkokeiden tuloksista kivennäismaille. Tilamallien avulla selvitettiin, miten paljon kaukana oleviin hyviin peltoihin kannattaa panostaa, ja milloin välimatka kumoaa hyvän peltolohkon kasvukunnon hyödyn. Tilamalleissa oli mukana 49 erilaista versiota, joissa korjuuketju ja peltojen kasvukunto vaihtelivat tilalla, jolla on 140 lehmää ja 160 hehtaaria peltoa. Rehunkorjuuketjuina oli ajosilppuri, noukinvaunu, pyöröpaalain tai tarkkuusilppuri. Peltojen kasvukunnon vaihtelua seurattiin myös eri etäisyyksillä tilan pääkeskuksesta olevilla peltolohkoilla. Tilamallien vertailussa tuli esille, että säilörehulohkojen kasvukunnon ollessa erittäin hyvä tai hyvä ostorehuja ei tarvita. Jos kasvukunto on erittäin hyvä, peltoalaa jää valkuais- tai myyntikasvien tuotantoon. Peltojen kasvukunnon ollessa tyydyttävä tai heikko, joudutaan turvautumaan ostorehuihin, jotta saadaan karjan energiantarpeet tyydytettyä. Tilamallia haluttiin testata myös käytännössä lypsykarjatiloilla, joilla oli panostettu nurmentuotantoon. Tilojen säilörehun satotaso saatiin selville laskemalla karjan tarvitsema energiamäärä ja vähentämällä siitä ostorehujen energiamäärä. Tuloksena oli säilörehun nettosato. Se oli huomattavasti alempi kuin tilojen oma arvio satotasosta. Korjuu-, säilöntä- ja ruokintatappioiden määrittämisen lisäksi tarvitaan työkalu, jolla yrittäjä tai satotasomittaaja voi helposti määrittää oletussatotason rehun käytön perusteella, kuten se on NuRa-tilamalleissa tehty.
Onko värillä väliä?
Authors: Kämäräinen Hilkka , Pietarila Sari , Wahlroos Heli , Taurén Pirkko
Published: March 2020

Ayrshire on ollut pitkään Suomen yleisin lypsykarjarotu. Sen osuus maamme lypsylehmistä on kuitenkin vähentynyt jo pidemmän aikaa samalla kun holsteinin osuus on kasvanut. ProAgrian tuotosseurantatilastojen mukaan vuonna 2018 holsteinlehmien osuus (49.6%) on jo suurempi kuin ayrshirelehmien osuus (48.6%). Suomenkarjan osuus (1.1%) on säilynyt pitkään samana. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli löytää syitä, joiden takia ayrshiresta luovutaan, tai syitä, jotka saavat ayrshiren säilymään karjassa. Toimeksiantajana toimi Faba, joka on valtakunnallinen tuotantoeläinten jalostuspalveluita tarjoava yritys. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli auttaa pitämään ayrshirerotu elinvoimaisena Suomessa. Yhteisen jalostusohjelman myötä tavoite kosketti samalla kaikkia punaisia rotuja Pohjoismaissa. Tutkimus toteutettiin teemahaastattelumenetelmällä. Haastateltavat valittiin tuotosseurantaan kuuluvien, yli 100 lehmän tilojen joukosta koko Suomen alueelta. Haastateltavien valintaan vaikutti tilan koon lisäksi myös ayrshirelehmien osuuden muutos karjassa vuodesta 2012 vuoteen 2017. Puhelinhaastatteluja tehtiin 12. Tutkimuksen tuloksista kävi ilmi, että yksi suurimmista syistä ayrshiren vähentämiseen karjassa on huono utarerakenne. Tämä näkyy myös tuotosseurannan tuloksissa, joiden mukaan ayrshireja on poistettu huonon utarerakenteen takia selkeästi holsteinia enemmän. Muita esiin nousseita syitä olivat muun muassa ayrshiren alhaisempi maitotuotos ja sekakarjan ruokinnalliset haasteet. Tiloilla, joilla ayrshiren osuus ei ollut pienentynyt, rodun hyvistä ominaisuuksista nousi esiin erityisesti kestävyys. Tutkimuksesta selvisi myös, että ayrshiren osuutta vähentäneet tilat aikovat pääasiassa vähentää rodun osuutta myös jatkossa. Sen sijaan tilat, joilla ayrshiren osuus ei ollut vähentynyt, aikoivat pääasiassa säilyttää rodun osuuden ennallaan tai jopa lisätä sitä. Tätä kannattaa tulevaisuudessa hyödyntää rodun markkinoinnin kohdentamisessa. Vaikuttaa siltä, että ayrshiresta luovutaan tietoisesti, mutta sen osuuden säilyttämistä tai lisäämistä ei koeta tietoiseksi päätökseksi. Tutkimuksen tulosten mukaan sidosryhmät eivät juurikaan vaikuta rotujen valintaan vaan karjanomistajat kokevat tekevänsä päätökset itse. Pienen aineiston vuoksi tulosten perusteella ei voida tehdä yleistyksiä, tosin suuri osa tuloksista on yhteneväisiä tuotosseurannan tulosten kanssa.
Tuottavuuden parantaminen kokonaisvaltaisen johtamisen osana
Authors: Sipiläinen Timo , Ryhänen Matti , Närvä Margit
Published: March 2020

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, millainen on tuottavuuden rooli maitotilayrityksen kokonaisvaltaisessa kehittämisessä. Tutkimusaineisto koottiin osana laajaa 40:n suomalaisen maitotilayrittäjän/maitotilayrittäjien teemahaastattelua keväällä 2018. Teemoihin liittyvät kysymykset esitettiin myös 12:lle sidosryhmien edustajalle. Maitotilayrittäjän pitkän aikavälin tavoitteena on kannattava tuotanto. Keskeiset kannattavuuden parantamiskeinot kytkeytyvät tuottavuuteen. Useinkaan maitotilayrittäjä ei voi vaikuttaa olennaisesti tuotteidensa ja panostensa hintaan, jolloin kannattavuuteen voidaan vaikuttaa lähinnä tuottavuusparannusten kautta. Maitotilayrittäjät kytkivät tuottavuuden luontevasti kannattavuuteen, jonka osatekijä se on. Kokonaistuottavuuden hahmottaminen oli vaikeampaa kuin osatuottavuuksien. Lisähaasteena on, miten tuottavuusmittareita voidaan käyttää päätöksenteon tukena, jotta niiden avulla löydetään kehittämiskohteille maitotilayrityksen kokonaisuuden kannalta parhaat vaihtoehdot. Maitotilayrittäjien tuottavuutta edistävät päätökset perustuivat moniin ulkopuolisiin tietolähteisiin ja oman maitotilayrityksen tietoihin. Maitotilayrittäjät katsoivat oman aktiivisen tiedonhankinnan olevan keskeistä tuottavuutta parannettaessa. Tuottavuuden kehittämistä rajoitti se, että uusien ratkaisujen pohdintaan ei jää riittävästi aikaa eikä voimavaroja. Maitotilayrittäjät olivat parantaneet tuottavuutta omaksumalla monia teknisiä, biologisia ja organisatorisia uudistuksia. Tekniset ja biologiset innovaatiot syntyvät usein maitotilayritysten ulkopuolella. Tuotannon järjestämisessä voidaan hyödyntää myös maitotilayrittäjien itse kehittämiä ratkaisuja, jotka ottavat huomioon maitotilayritysten erityispiirteet. Monia tuottavuutta parantavia uudistuksia voidaan hyödyntää vain riittävän suurissa yksiköissä tai maatalousyrittäjien yhteistyönä. Työtä säästävien tuotantoprosessien kehittämisen tarve on ilmeinen, sillä maitotilayrittäjien työn kuormittavuus on suuri. Maitotilayrittäjien ja sidosryhmien edustajien vastaukset olivat saman tyyppisiä, mutta painotukset olivat erilaisia. Sidosryhmien edustajat painottivat eri asioita työnkuvansa mukaisesti. Maitotilayrittäjän voikin olla vaikea löytää erilaisia näkökulmia edustavien sidosryhmien viesteistä maitotilayrityksen kokonaisuuden kehittämisen kannalta parhaita vaihtoehtoja. Maitotilayrittäjät strateginen ajattelu näkyy tuottavuustavoitteiden asettamisessa. Systemaattista strategista suunnittelua tuottavuustavoitteiden tehdään kuitenkin harvoissa maitotilayrityksissä. Tämän vuoksi maitotilayrittäjien kokonaisvaltaisen johtamisosaamisen kehittämiselle on olemassa ilmeinen tarve.
Peltojen ravinnetietokannasta apua maatalouden vesistökuormituksen vähentämiseen
Authors: Miettinen Antti , Kauppila Jussi , Koikkalainen Kauko
Published: March 2020

Vesiensuojelutavoitteiden saavuttaminen, vesiensuojelutoimien tehostaminen ja niiden tarvelähtöinen kohdentaminen edellyttää peltolohkojen ja niillä tehtävien viljelytoimenpiteiden tuntemusta, koska ympäristösuojelutoimenpiteiden vaikuttavuus vaihtelee peltolohkoittain. Kattavaa ja ajantasaista tietoa peltolohkojen ravinnetilasta ja niillä tehtävistä toimenpiteistä ei kuitenkaan ole viranomaisten tai tutkijoiden käytössä. Tarvittavat tiedot löytyvät viljelijöiden lohkomuistiinpanoista, mutta lohkokorttien sisältämiä tietoja ei ole koottu peltolohkorekisteriin perustuvaan paikkatietopohjaiseen tietokantaan. Mikäli tiedot kaikista peltolohkoista, niiden ravinnetilasta ja peltolohkoilla tehtävistä viljelytoimenpiteistä saataisiin koottua yhteen valtakunnalliseen tietokantaan, voitaisiin paikkatietopohjaista ravinnetietokantaa käyttää viljelyn tukena, pelloilta vesistöihin tulevan ravinnekuormituksen arviointiin ja ympäristösuojelutoimenpiteiden kohdentamiseen. Vaativampia vesiensuojelutoimenpiteitä kohdennettaisiin niille peltolohkoille, joilta riski ravinteiden päätymisestä vesistöihin on suuri. Ravinnetietokanta mahdollistasi myös vesistöystävällisen viljelyn osoittamisen, lantalogistiikan kehittämisen sekä ympäristötoimenpiteiden suunnittelun valuma-alueittain alueen viljelijöiden kesken. Ravinnetietokannan luomiseen, ylläpitoon, kehittämiseen ja hyödyntämiseen liittyy sekä käytännöllisiä että yhteiskunnalliseen ja oikeudelliseen hyväksyttävyyteen liittyviä haasteita. Tiedot ravinnetietokantaan tulee kerätä mahdollisimman kattavasti olemassa olevista tietolähteistä ja tietokannoista, tietokantojen rajapintoja tietojen siirrossa hyödyntäen. Tietokannan suunnittelun ja toteuttamisen oikeudellisena haasteena on erityisesti henkilötietojen suojan ja ympäristötiedon avoimuuden yhteensovittaminen. Suomen Kulttuurirahaston rahoittamassa Samassa vedessä –hankkeessa tuotetaan tutkimustietoa maatalouden tietoperustan vahvistamiseksi, vesiensuojelutoimien tehostamiseksi ja ympäristöohjauksen kehittämiseksi. Hankkeen yhdessä osatutkimuksessa selvitetään haastattelujen ja työpajatyöskentelyn avulla paikkatietopohjaisen peltojen ravinnetietokannan perustamisedellytykset, muotoillaan luonnos tietokannan rakenteesta sekä ehdotus ravinnetietokannan käyttöä koskevasta sääntelystä. Lisäksi arvioidaan ravinnetietokannan perustamis- ja ylläpitokustannuksien suuruutta.
Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Arising from the Ethmoid Sinus Mucosa: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lee Young Woo , Moon Young Min , Lee Seok Joo , Cho Hyung-Ju
Published: March 2020

Most of nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses lymphoma reported in Korea is either diffuse large Bcell lymphoma or natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. There are only three cases of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALTOMA), which has so far been reported only in a Korea journal and all of which have occurred in the nasal cavity and in the turbinate. We experienced a case of MALTOMA of ethmoid sinus extending to the orbital cavity. It was confirmed by the findings of immunohistochemical staining (positive with CD20, Bcl-2, and Granzyme B, negative with CD5, CD56, Bcl-6 and Cyclin D1). The patient underwent radiation therapy and the lesion was successfully resolved without recurrence for 16 months.
Comparison of the Treatment Outcome Between Primary Intratympanic Steroid and Salvage Intratympanic Steroid Protocol in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Seo Hee Won , Lee Ha Na , Jun Hyun Woong , Byun Hayoung , Chung Jae Ho , Lee Seung Hwan
Published: March 2020

Background and Objectives We aimed to compare the treatment outcomes of primary intratympanic steroid (ITS) and the salvage ITS protocol.Subjects and Method We assessed 440 patients with unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) from January 2016 to December 2019. Of the 440 patients, 37 patients received ITS only as a primary treatment while other patients received systemic steroid; of those remaining patients, 276 received systemic steroid as well as ITS as a salvage treatment. We performed a 1:2 propensity score matching analysis for both groups using parameters such as the initial hearing level, presence of vertigo, onset of treatment, age, sex, hypertension and diabetes. The rate of hearing recovery was determinied by comparing the matching propensity score between the primary ITS and the control group according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) guideline and Siegel’s criteria.Results Of the 440 ISSNHL patients, 28.9% received systemic steroid only and 62.6% of patients were managed with systemic steroid plus salvage ITS. Thirty-seven patients (8.4%) were managed with ITS only. While 36.8% of patients completely recovered, 35.0% did not recover their hearing according to AAO-HNS guideline. The propensity score matching showed that the initial hearing level, age and onset of treatment were not significantly different between the primary ITS and control group. Regarding the treatment outcome, complete recovery rate for the primary ITS group and control group were 29.7% and 33.8%, respectively. Although the recovery rate of the salvage ITS protocol group was higher than that of the primary ITS group, statistical significance was not identified.Conclusion Treatment strategies of primary ITS and salvage ITS protocol did not significantly affect the clinical outcomes of ISSNHL differently.
Pilchard orthomyxovirus (POMV). II. Causative agent of salmon orthomyxoviral necrosis, a new disease of farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar
Authors: Godwin SE , Morrison RN , Knowles G , Cornish MC , Hayes D , Carson J
Published: March 2020

Since 2012, an orthomyxo-like virus has been consistently linked to epizootics in marine farmed Atlantic salmon in Tasmania, Australia. Here we describe the properties of the virus, designated the pilchard orthomyxovirus (POMV), in cell culture and present data verifying its direct role in a disease of Atlantic salmon. In infected cells, viral RNA was detectable in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, consistent with the replication cycle of an orthomyxovirus. Viral replication in vitro was temperature-dependent (within a range of 10-20°C), and yields of virus were typically in excess of 107 TCID50 ml-1. In controlled infection trials, cell culture-derived POMV produced significant morbidity in Atlantic salmon fry, pre-smolt and post-smolt. In all cases, the development of disease was rapid, with moribund fish detected within 5 d of direct exposure to POMV, and maximum cumulative morbidity occurring within 4 wk. The experimentally infected fish developed a characteristic suite of gross and microscopic pathological changes, which were consistent with those observed in Atlantic salmon overtly affected by POMV-associated disease on sea farms. These included necrotic lesions across multiple organs that were directly associated with the presence of the virus. Together, our observations indicate that POMV is an endemic virus likely transmitted from wild fish to farmed Atlantic salmon in Tasmania. The virus is pathogenic to Atlantic salmon in freshwater and marine environments and causes a disease that we have named salmon orthomyxoviral necrosis.
Nilotinib Induces ER Stress and Cell Death in H9c2 Cells
Authors: LEKES D. , SZADVARI I. , KRIZANOVA O. , LOPUSNA K. , REZUCHOVA I. , NOVAKOVA M. , NOVAKOVA Z. , PARAK T. , BABULA P.
Published: March 2020

Tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKi) represent a relatively novel class of anticancer drugs that target cellular pathways overexpressed in certain types of malignancies, such as chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Nilotinib, ponatinib and imatinib exhibit cardiotoxic and vascular effects. In this study, we focused on possible cardiotoxicity of nilotinib using H9c2 cells as a suitable cell model. We studied role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in nilotinib toxicity using a complex approach. Nilotinib impaired mitochondrial function and induced formation of ROS under clinically relevant concentrations. In addition, ability of nilotinib to induce ER stress has been shown. These events result in apoptotic cell death. All these mechanisms contribute to cytotoxic effect of the drug. In addition, involvement of ER stress in nilotinib toxicity may be important in co-treatment with pharmaceuticals affecting ER and ER stress, e.g. beta-blockers or sartans, and should be further investigated.
The Effect of (-)-Linalool on the Metabolic Activity of Liver CYP Enzymes in Rats
Authors: NOSKOVÁ K. , DOVRTĚLOVÁ G. , ZENDULKA O. , ŘEMÍNEK R. , JUŘICA J.
Published: March 2020

(-)-Linalool is the major floral scent occurring mainly in families Lamiaceae, Lauraceae and Rutaceae and is the main active compound of lavender oil. The purpose of this study was to reveal the influence of subchronic systemic treatment with (-)-linalool on the metabolic activity of CYP2A, 2B, 2C6, 2C11 and 3A in rat liver microsomes (RLM). The second aim was to reveal possible inhibitory effect of (-)-linalool on CYP2C6 in vitro. Wistar albino male rats were treated with (-)-linalool intragastrically at the doses of 40, 120, and 360 mg/kg/day for 13 days. Treatment with (-)-linalool at the dose of 360 mg/kg increased the metabolic activity of CYP2A assessed with testosterone as a probe substrate. (-)-Linalool showed weak competitive inhibition of CYP2C6 in rat liver microsomes, with IC50 of 84 μM with use of diclofenac as a probe substrate.
Sedative Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin in Rabbits and Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: HESS L. , VOTAVA M. , MÁLEK J. , KURZOVÁ A. , SLÍVA J.
Published: March 2020

Oxytocin is a hormone therapeutically used mainly for its peripheral effects during pregnancy in the uterus and breasts. However, additional central effects, i.e. anxiolytic effect, decreased level of social stress and increased empathy have been also observed. Hence, the aim of our study was to evaluate if nasal oxytocin can be used as anxiolytic substance in rhesus monkeys (n=20) and rabbits (n=20). Simultaneously, mean arterial blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and pulse rate were monitored in all the evaluated animals. While rabbits lost righting reflex, monkeys developed a dose-dependent loss of aggressiveness and/or anxiety as evaluated by behavioral methods (aggressive behavior was classified as non-sedated ‒ sedated ‒ strongly sedated).
Athymic Nude Mice as an Experimental Model for Cancer Treatment
Authors: SZADVARI I. , KRIZANOVA O. , BABULA P.
Published: March 2020

Athymic nude mice, a murine strain bearing spontaneous deletion in the Foxn1 gene that causes deteriorated or absent thymus (which results in inhibited immune system with reduction of number of T cells), represent a widely used model in cancer research having long lasting history as a tool for preclinical testing of drugs. The review describes three models of athymic mice that utilize cancer cell lines to induce tumors. In addition, various methods that can be applied in order to evaluate activity of anticancer agents in these models are shown and discussed. Although each model has certain disadvantages, they are still considered as inevitable instruments in many fields of cancer research, particularly in finding new drugs that would more effectively combat the cancer disease or enhance the use of current chemotherapy. Finally, the review summarizes strengths and weaknesses as well as future perspectives of the athymic nude mice model in cancer research.
Implementation of A* Algorithm for Solving Sokoban Logic Games
Authors: Setiani Rosa Tri , Indriyono Bonifacius Vicky
Published: March 2020

Sokoban is one of the puzzle category games that requires players to push boxes towards the top, bottom, left and right until the specified destination. Sometimes it takes a long time to complete a very difficult level so that a solution is needed. So that these difficulties can be overcome, we need an algorithm that can help find the right path.A * algorithm is an algorithm that minimizes the total cost of the track under the right conditions that will provide the best solution in optimal time. A * algorithm will find the distance of the fastest route to be taken by a starting point to the destination object by removing unnecessary steps.From the test results, this A * algorithm can help players in finding a solution to the road in the form of completion steps in the Sokoban game by determining the smallest F value.  Keywords - Artificial Intelligence, Games, Sokoban, A * algorithm
Unlocking the Secret of ‘Locksley Hall’
Authors: Lahiani Raja
Published: March 2020

Despite its originality, Tennyson's poem ‘Locksley Hall’ (1842) shares considerable characteristics with the pre-Islamic Arabic poems the Mu‘allaqāt, namely those composed by Imru’ al-Qays and ‘Antara. The similarities include length, rhyme, metre, genre, themes and appeal, which this article compares in order to show that Tennyson adapts these source text resources to the concerns and subject matter of his own poem, and not for the purpose of translating the Mu‘allaqāt. It follows that ‘Locksley Hall’ needs to be studied in modern scholarship not only as a poem that reflects some aspects of Tennyson's biography and poetic craft, but also as an imitation of other poetry. This article analyses the details that unveil the imitative strategy Tennyson adopts in ‘Locksley Hall’. In so doing, it posits that ‘imitation’ is better suited than ‘intertextuality’ as a conceptual tool for articulating the links between ‘Locksley Hall’ and the Mu‘allaqāt. Furthermore, in contrast to previous critical studies that refer to the influence on Tennyson of the Mu‘allaqa of Imru’ al-Qays, this article argues that Tennyson combines two Mu‘allaqāt as source materials for his own poem.
Beyond Vision: Myth, Catharsis and the Narration of Absence in Art Spiegelman's Maus and W. G. Sebald's Austerlitz
Authors: Wickerson Erica
Published: March 2020

Art Spiegelman's Maus and W. G. Sebald's Austerlitz are unusual as second-generation Holocaust narratives not only for their combination of text and image, but also for their subtle allusions to myth. This article considers the confluence of literary and visual narrative, and mythology and the Holocaust. It proposes an extension to Claude Lévi-Strauss's structuralist approach to myth, suggesting the distinction between semantic and syntactic ‘bundles of relations’. In the context of Maus and Austerlitz, this distinction unveils a tension between theme and form in the echoes of well-known mythological tales. It also indicates the multiple narrative levels at work and the disparity that often exists between them. Although both works allude to myths, they subvert the traditional endings, denying the possibility of cathartic release or narrative predictability. These echoes and subversions form part of a wider project that also operates in the combination of text and image. Spiegelman and Sebald draw attention to attempts to visualize and to represent subjectivities and memories, and then ironically indicate the fallibility of literal and metaphorical sight. Bringing together word and image, and myth and the Holocaust in both works highlights the limits of mimetic representation as well the significance of attempting it.