bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Modified HOXB9 mRNA in Breast Cancer
Authors: Nakashoji Ayako , Hayashida Tetsu , Kawai Yuko , Kikuchi Masayuki , Watanuki Rurina , Yokoe Takamichi , Seki Tomoko , Takahashi Maiko , Miyao Kazuhiro , Yamaguchi Shigeo , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: February 2020

First identified as a developmental gene, HOXB9 is also known to be involved in tumor biological processes, and its aberrant expression correlates with poor prognosis of various cancers. In this study, we isolated a homeodomain-less, novel HOXB9 variant (HOXB9v) from human breast cancer cell line-derived mRNA. We confirmed that the novel variant was produced from variationless HOXB9 genomic DNA. RT-PCR of mRNA isolated from clinical samples and reanalysis of publicly available RNA-seq data proved that the new transcript is frequently expressed in human breast cancer. Exogenous HOXB9v expression significantly enhanced the proliferation of breast cancer cells, and gene ontology analysis indicated that apoptotic signaling was suppressed in these cells. Considering that HOXB9v lacks key domains of homeobox proteins, its behavior could be completely different from that of the previously described variationless HOXB9. Because none of the previous studies on HOXB9 have considered the presence of HOXB9v, further research analyzing the two transcripts individually is warranted to re-evaluate the true role of HOXB9 in cancer.
A Newly Synthesized Rhamnoside Derivative Alleviates Alzheimer’s Amyloid-β-Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Cell Senescence through Upregulating SIRT3
Authors: Li Yi , Lu Jing , Cao Xin , Zhao Hongwei , Gao Longfei , Xia Peng , Pei Gang
Published: February 2020

Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell senescence are considered critical contributors to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance has been a therapeutic target in AD. SIRT3 is a mitochondrial protein regulating metabolic enzyme activity by deacetylation and its downregulation is associated with AD pathology. In the present study, we showed that a newly synthesized rhamnoside derivative PL171 inhibited the generation of reactive oxidant species (ROS) induced by amyloid-β42 oligomers (Aβ42O), major AD pathological proteins. Moreover, the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the impairment of mitochondrial oxygen consumption triggered by Aβ42O were also prevented by PL171. Further experiments demonstrated that PL171 reduced the acetylation of mitochondrial proteins, and particularly the acetylation of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and oligomycin-sensitivity-conferring protein (OSCP), two mitochondrial SIRT3 substrates, was suppressed by PL171. Mechanism studies revealed that PL171 upregulated SIRT3 and its upstream peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) under basal and Aβ42O-treated conditions. The inhibition of SIRT3 activity could eliminate the protective effects of PL171. Further, long-term treatment with Aβ42O increased the number of senescent neuronal cell, which was also alleviated by PL171 in a SIRT3-dependent manner. Taken together, our results indicated that PL171 rescued Aβ42O-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell senescence via upregulating SIRT3 and might be a potential drug candidate against AD.
The Various Forms of Nephrotic Syndrome in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Lionaki Sophia , Liapis George , Vallianou Kalliope , Vergadis Chrysovalantis , Boletis Ioannis
Published: February 2020

Kidney involvement is frequent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), although it may not be present from disease onset. Renal lupus itself is highly heterogenous with respect to the combination and/or severity of clinical and/or laboratory manifestations. This is a case of a 45-year-old Caucasian female with an established diagnosis of SLE, who presented four times with new onset of proteinuria during a follow-up time of ten years, since the diagnosis of SLE. Specifically, she experienced two episodes of lupus membranous nephropathy, and after she achieved remission, she developed twice overt nephrotic syndrome associated with new and biopsy proven lupus podocytopathy. All these episodes of nephrotic syndrome were combined with systemic symptoms, attributed to lupus itself, while serological activity of lupus was also noted. This case highlights the importance of performing a kidney biopsy in all patients with SLE who have new renal manifestations, including nephrotic proteinuria.
A Retrospective Case Report on the Longevity of a Reimplanted Closed-Apex Avulsed Canine
Authors: Leow Julian , Amanullah Robin
Published: February 2020

For an avulsed tooth with closed apices, it is recommended that the tooth undergoes elective root canal treatment. We however present in this case report a 73-year-old Afro-Caribbean lady, with an asymptomatic, untreated, self-replanted lower left canine which suffered an avulsion 45 years ago. The patient reported no loss of function. This case illustrates the potentially positive outcome of a replanted, non-root-treated, avulsed closed-apex tooth while highlighting the significance of patient-related factors.
Combined Treatment with Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 and AMD3100 Improves Motor Outcome in a Murine Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Peeples Eric S. , Dafferner Alicia , Jiang Jiang , Lyden Elizabeth , Punsoni Michael , Agrawal Devendra K.
Published: February 2020

Stem cell transplantation is a promising intervention for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE); however, universal feasibility and safety have not been thoroughly evaluated. AMD3100 and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) mobilize progenitor cells into peripheral circulation. The objective of this study was to assess the short-term efficacy of inducing endogenous stem cell mobilization after injury in a model of neonatal HIE. Postnatal day 9 CD1 pups received sham surgery or unilateral carotid artery ligation and 30 min of hypoxia followed by saline, AMD3100, IGF1, or both agents. Intraperitoneal injections of 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxy­uridine (EdU) and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine were used to ­label replicating progenitor cells. At P14, animals underwent rotarod testing, and the brains were sectioned for area measurements and immunofluorescence staining. Comparisons were made using one-way analysis of variance. Spearman’s rho was calculated to assess correlation between rotarod results and markers of brain injury. Pups treated with both agents had improved rotarod performance (p = 0.02) and increased EdU+ progenitor cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) compared to injured controls (p = 0.10). An increase in active cells within the SGZ was correlated with improved rotarod performance (r = 0.84, p = 0.04). There were no differences in overall injury score or in brain area or number of activated cells in the subventricular zone between the treatment groups. Combined treatment with AMD3100 and IGF1 shows promise for decreasing brain injury and improving motor function in pups after HIE which correlated with changes in the number of active progenitor cells in the SGZ.
Tips for Dealing with Common Beginner’s Mistakes Made during Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gallbladder Drainage
Authors: Yang Min Jae , Hwang Jae Chul , Yoo Byung Moo , Kim Jin Hong 
Published: February 2020

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) has been performed as an alternative to percutaneous drainage in surgically high-risk patients. Technical failures of EUS-GBD made by beginners are often attributed to failure of over-the-wire insertion of a fistula-dilating device or stent delivery system into the gallbladder, or stent misplacement in the final technical step. We herein report technical tips to prevent the failure of fistula dilation and provide tricks to avoid inward or outward stent misplacement.
Is Mother’s Own Milk Lactoferrin Intake Associated with Reduced Neonatal Sepsis, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, and Death?
Authors: Ochoa Theresa J. , Mendoza Karina , Carcamo Cesar , Zegarra Jaime , Bellomo Sicilia , Jacobs Jan , Cossey Veerle
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Lactoferrin (LF) is a protective protein present in milk with anti-infective and immune-modulating properties. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the association of maternal LF intake and mother’s own milk intake in the first 10 days of life on the prevention of late-onset sepsis (LOS), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), or death in the first 8 weeks of life in newborns with a birth weight <2,000 g. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, with the exposure being the consumption of mother’s own LF and mother’s own milk in the first 10 days of life, and the outcome being LOS, NEC, or death during days 11 and 56 of life, analyzed by Cox regression. Results: Two hundred and ninety-nine infants were enrolled, including 240 with human LF intake information. The average daily human LF intake over days 4–10 of life was 283 mg/kg/day (IQR 114–606 mg/kg/day). The hazard ratio (HR) of mother’s own milk LF intake ≥100 mg/kg/day in days 4–10 for LOS, NEC, or death was 0.297 (95% CI 0.156–0.568, p < 0.001); the adjusted HR was 0.752 (95% CI 0.301–1.877, p = 0.541). The adjusted HR of mother’s own milk cumulative intake (days 4–10) of 54–344 mL/kg (25–75 quartiles) for LOS, NEC, or death was 0.414 (95% CI 0.196–0.873, p = 0.02). Infants who developed an event (LOS, NEC, or death) had significantly less median daily human LF intake than those that did not (89 vs. 334 mg/kg/day, respectively, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Consumption of higher amounts of mother’s own milk in the first days of life is associated with less infection, NEC, and death. Early human milk intake should be strongly encouraged in all newborns.
Competências sociais de usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial
Authors: Silva Isabella De Freitas , Ramos Tatiane Mitleton Borges , Assad Francine Baltazar , Pedrão Luiz Jorge , Miasso Adriana Inocenti
Published: February 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência dos jogos teatrais nas competências sociais de pessoas com diagnósticos de transtornos mentais de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando o Fichário de Jogos Teatrais de Viola Spolin; um guia de técnicas teatrais para a realização dos jogos e um roteiro de entrevista aplicado aos participantes do estudo, antes e após os oito encontros, baseado na Escala de Avaliação de Competência Social em Pacientes Psiquiátricos. Os resultados mostraram que os jogos tiveram influência positiva nas competências sociais e sinalizaram terem um grande potencial para serem transformados em oficinas terapêuticas nos CAPS.
Desfecho perinatal em gestantes usuárias de drogas atendidas em um centro especializado
Authors: Antunes Marcos Benatti , Demitto Marcela De Oliveira , Padovani Camila , Elias Kelye Cristina de Moura , Miranda Antonio Carlos Monteiro de , Pelloso Sandra Marisa
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: analisar as repercussões perinatais do uso de drogas por gestantes atendidas em um ambulatório de alto risco. Método: estudo caso-controle, no qual foram avaliados 920 prontuários, no período de 2012-2013. O grupo caso foi constituído pelas gestantes usuárias de drogas lícitas/ilícitas (41) e o controle por gestantes de risco não usuárias (82). Resultados: as gestantes usuárias apresentaram risco aumentado para prematuridade (RR=2,64, p=0,02), baixo peso ao nascer (RR=5,42, p=0,01) e baixo índice de Apgar no 1º minuto (RR=2,97, p=0,01). Conclusão: os resultados indicam que gestantes usuárias de drogas apresentam desfechos perinatais desfavoráveis à gestação.
Ditos sobre o uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas
Authors: Lima Deivson Wendell da Costa , Ferreira Lucas Alves , Vieira Alcivan Nunes , Azevedo Lívia Dayane Sousa , Silva Adriana Pereira , Da Cunha Bruna Moreira Camarotti , Sousa Ligia Cristina Azevedo
Published: February 2020

Objetivou-se compreender os significados atribuídos à droga pelas pessoas que fazem uso abusivo e conhecer como estas relacionam o uso da droga com sua história de vida. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 22 pessoas em tratamento no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas. Os dados foram produzidos através de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados conforme análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Emergiram quatro categorias: Primeiro contato com a droga; Contexto do uso abusivo da droga; Consequências do uso abusivo das drogas; e Motivos para mudança no padrão de uso das drogas. O uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas é um fenômeno complexo e a droga possui diversos significados vinculados ao modo de viver da pessoa.
Cuidado de mulheres usuárias de crack na gestação
Authors: Ribeiro Mariana Cristina Lobato , Giusti Barbara Bartuciotti , Ciosak Suely Itsuko , Da Silva Ivanilde Marques
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: levantar e analisar as contribuições da literatura relacionadas à temática. Método: foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, nas bases de dados Lilacs e Pubmed, considerando estudos publicados entre 2006 e 2017, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, a partir do cruzamento dos descritores: Redução de Danos; Cocaína; Crack; Gestação. Resultados: as bases de dados exibiram baixa quantidade de estudos, sendo encontradas somente 30 publicações. Conclusão: a literatura levantada prioriza a análise epidemiológica do fenômeno e as consequências do uso de drogas no concepto, porém pouco explora estratégias de cuidado clínico e psicossocial.
Intervenção breve aplicada a universitários consumidores de risco de bebidas alcoólicas
Authors: Sawicki Wanda Cristina , Fram Dayana Souza , Belasco Angélica Gonçalves Silva
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: investigar o consumo de álcool entre universitários de enfermagem e avaliar intervenção breve para abusadores de álcool. Método: estudo longitudinal, experimental. Dados coletados por questionário autoaplicável e três instrumentos. Análise estatística descritiva e utilização de testes específicos. Resultados: participaram 36 universitários e as drogas mais utilizadas foram: álcool (vodka, cerveja), tabaco e maconha. Idade do primeiro uso de álcool: 15 anos; repercussões após uso: quedas, cefaleia, vômitos e amnésia; e os motivos para consumo: social, sensação e prazer. Intervenção breve diminuiu significativamente o consumo de risco entre os abusadores. Entre os bebedores de baixo risco, metade referiu estar preparada para diminuir o consumo. Conclusão: intervenção breve diminui significativamente o padrão de consumo de álcool, promovendo a saúde.
Sinais de risco para o suicídio em mulheres com história de violência doméstica
Authors: Correia Cíntia Mesquita , Diniz Normélia Maria Freire , Gomes Nadirlene Pereira , Andrade Isabela Carolyne Sena de , Campos Luana Moura , Carneiro Jordana Brock
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Identificar sinais de risco para o suicídio em mulheres com história de violência doméstica. Método: Estudo exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram dez mulheres com história de violência doméstica e tentativa de suicídio por envenenamento. A pesquisa foi realizada no Núcleo de Estudo e Prevenção do Suicídio, vinculado a um Centro de Informação Toxicológica, em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Resultados: Sinaliza para a relação entre a vivência de violência doméstica e o comprometimento para a saúde mental, representado por: Comportamento depressivo e Comportamento suicida. Conclusão: O estudo revelou comportamentos que consistem em sinais de alerta para o risco de suicídio, ao tempo em que oferece subsídios para a promoção de estratégias de cuidado às mulheres com história de violência doméstica.
Reflexões sobre a comunicação e a aprendizagem como constituintes da inovação nas organizações
Authors: Veras Tainah , Porém Maria Eugênia
Published: February 2020

O artigo visa refletir, por meio de pesquisa qualitativa com levantamento bibliográfico, sobre a comunicação e a aprendizagem como constituintes da inovação nas organizações, enfocando maneiras de compreender o conceito para além de uma perspectiva meramente econômica e utilitarista. Entre os resultados encontrados, destaca-se a necessidade dos sujeitos das organizações realizarem coletivamente leituras de mundo conscientes e humanas sobre a inovação, que prezem pela capacidade das pessoas de transformarem a realidade em que elas estão inseridas.
Angiocrine FSTL1 (Follistatin-Like Protein 1) Insufficiency Leads to Atrial and Venous Wall Fibrosis via SMAD3 Activation
Authors: Jiang Haijuan , Zhang Luqing , Liu Xuelian , Sun Wei , Kato Katsuhiro , Chen Chuankai , Li Xiao , Li Taotao , Sun Zhiliang , Han Wencan , Zhang Fujing , Xiao Qi , Yang Zhongzhou , Hu Junhao , Qin Zhihai , Adams Ralf H. , Gao Xiang , He Yulong
Published: February 2020

Objective:

Angiocrine factors, mediating the endothelial-mural cell interaction in vascular wall construction as well as maintenance, are incompletely characterized. This study aims to investigate the role of endothelial cell–derived FSTL1 (follistatin-like protein 1) in vascular homeostasis.

Approach and Results:

Using conditional knockout mouse models, we show that loss of FSTL1 in endothelial cells (
Fstl1

ECKO

) led to an increase of pulmonary vascular resistance, resulting in the heart regurgitation especially with tricuspid valves. However, this abnormality was not detected in mutant mice with
Fstl1
knockout in smooth muscle cells or hematopoietic cells. We further showed that there was excessive αSMA (α-smooth muscle actin) associated with atrial endocardia, heart valves, veins, and microvessels after the endothelial FSTL1 deletion. There was also an increase in collagen deposition, as demonstrated in livers of
Fstl1

ECKO

mutants. The SMAD3 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3) phosphorylation (pSMAD3) was significantly enhanced, and pSMAD3 staining was colocalized with αSMA in vein walls, suggesting the activation of TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) signaling in vascular mural cells of
Fstl1

ECKO

mice. Consistently, treatment with a TGFβ pathway inhibitor reduced the abnormal association of αSMA with the atria and blood vessels in
Fstl1

ECKO

mutant mice.

Conclusions:

The findings imply that endothelial FSTL1 is critical for the homeostasis of vascular walls, and its insufficiency may favor cardiovascular fibrosis leading to heart failure.
Noninvasive Assessment of Complexity of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Rodrigo Miguel , Climent Andreu M. , Hernández-Romero Ismael , Liberos Alejandro , Baykaner Tina , Rogers Albert J. , Alhusseini Mahmood , Wang Paul J. , Fernández-Avilés Francisco , Guillem Maria S. , Narayan Sanjiv M. , Atienza Felipe
Published: February 2020

Background:

It is difficult to noninvasively phenotype atrial fibrillation (AF) in a way that reflects clinical end points such as response to therapy. We set out to map electrical patterns of disorganization and regions of reentrant activity in AF from the body surface using electrocardiographic imaging, calibrated to panoramic intracardiac recordings and referenced to AF termination by ablation.

Methods:

Bi-atrial intracardiac electrograms of 47 patients with AF at ablation (30 persistent, 29 male, 63±9 years) were recorded with 64-pole basket catheters and simultaneous 57-lead body surface ECGs. Atrial epicardial electrical activity was reconstructed and organized sites were invasively and noninvasively tracked in 3-dimension using phase singularity. In a subset of 17 patients, sites of AF organization were targeted for ablation.

Results:

Body surface mapping showed greater AF organization near intracardially detected drivers than elsewhere, both in phase singularity density (2.3±2.1 versus 1.9±1.6;
P
=0.02) and number of drivers (3.2±2.3 versus 2.7±1.7;
P
=0.02). Complexity, defined as the number of stable AF reentrant sites, was concordant between noninvasive and invasive methods (r
2
=0.5; CC=0.71). In the subset receiving targeted ablation, AF complexity showed lower values in those in whom AF terminated than those in whom AF did not terminate (
P
<0.01).

Conclusions:

AF complexity tracked noninvasively correlates well with organized and disorganized regions detected by panoramic intracardiac mapping and correlates with the acute outcome by ablation. This approach may assist in bedside monitoring of therapy or in improving the efficacy of ongoing ablation procedures.
A Novel “Cut and Paste” Method for In Situ Replacement of cMyBP-C Reveals a New Role for cMyBP-C in the Regulation of Contractile Oscillations
Authors: Napierski Nathaniel C. , Granger Kevin , Langlais Paul R. , Moran Hannah R. , Strom Joshua , Touma Katia , Harris Samantha P.
Published: February 2020

Rationale:

cMyBP-C (cardiac myosin-binding protein-C) is a critical regulator of heart contraction, but the mechanisms by which cMyBP-C affects actin and myosin are only partly understood. A primary obstacle is that cMyBP-C localization on thick filaments may be a key factor defining its interactions, but most in vitro studies cannot duplicate the unique spatial arrangement of cMyBP-C within the sarcomere.

Objective:

The goal of this study was to validate a novel hybrid genetic/protein engineering approach for rapid manipulation of cMyBP-C in sarcomeres in situ.

Methods and Results:

We designed a novel cut and paste approach for removal and replacement of cMyBP-C N′-terminal domains (C0–C7) in detergent-permeabilized cardiomyocytes from gene-edited Spy-C mice. Spy-C mice express a TEVp (tobacco etch virus protease) cleavage site and a SpyTag (st) between cMyBP-C domains C7 and C8. A cut is achieved using TEVp which cleaves cMyBP-C to create a soluble N′-terminal
γ
C0C7 (endogenous [genetically encoded] N′-terminal domains C0 to C7 of cardiac myosin binding protein-C) fragment and an insoluble C′-terminal SpyTag-C8-C10 fragment that remains associated with thick filaments. Paste of new recombinant (
r
)C0C7 domains is achieved by a covalent bond formed between SpyCatcher (-sc; encoded at the C′-termini of recombinant proteins) and SpyTag. Results show that loss of
γ
C0C7 reduced myofilament Ca
2+
sensitivity and increased cross-bridge cycling (
k
tr
) at submaximal [Ca
2+
]. Acute loss of
γ
C0C7 also induced auto-oscillatory contractions at submaximal [Ca
2+
]. Ligation of
r
C0C7 (exogenous [recombinant] N′-terminal domains C0 to C7 of cardiac myosin binding protein-C)-sc returned pCa
50
and
k
tr
to control values and abolished oscillations, but phosphorylated (p)-
r
C0C7-sc did not completely rescue these effects.

Conclusions:

We describe a robust new approach for acute removal and replacement of cMyBP-C in situ. The method revealed a novel role for cMyBP-C N′-terminal domains to damp sarcomere-driven contractile waves (so-called spontaneous oscillatory contractions). Because phosphorylated (p)-
r
C0C7-sc was less effective at damping contractile oscillations, results suggest that spontaneous oscillatory contractions may contribute to enhanced contractility in response to inotropic stimuli.
Value of Troponin Testing for Detection of Heart Disease in Previously Healthy Children
Authors: Dionne Audrey , Kheir John N. , Sleeper Lynn A. , Esch Jesse J. , Breitbart Roger E.
Published: February 2020

Background

Troponin levels are frequently obtained in pediatric patients, but the benefit remains unclear.

Methods and Results

This retrospective study included 1993 patients aged 0 to 21 years without history of cardiac disease in whom troponin levels were obtained during clinical evaluation of cardiac and noncardiac presentations. Troponin was elevated (≥0.1 ng/mL) in 182 patients (9%). A cardiac diagnosis was made in 109 (60%) of those with elevated troponin and in 208 (12%) of those without (
P
<0.001). The positive predictive value of elevated troponin for a cardiac diagnosis was 60% for the entire cohort and 85% for patients with a cardiac presentation. The negative predictive value of nonelevated troponin was 89% for the entire cohort and 96% in patients without a cardiac presentation. Serial testing did not improve these predictive values. However, among 404 patients with initially nonelevated levels who had serial measurements, subsequent elevation was found in 80 (20%), of whom 15 (19%) had a cardiac diagnosis. The optimal troponin cutoff value to differentiate cardiac from noncardiac diagnosis was higher in children aged <3 months (0.045 ng/mL) compared with those aged ≥3 months (0.005 ng/mL).

Conclusions

Troponin can be a useful adjunctive test in the evaluation of children when the differential diagnosis includes cardiac etiologies. Serial measurement was not helpful when troponin was elevated at presentation but may merit consideration when the initial level is not elevated and there is ongoing concern about cardiac involvement. Lower reference values may be appropriate when evaluating children in contrast to adults.
High-Order Entropy-Based Population Diversity Measures in the Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Nagata Yuichi
Published: February 2020

To maintain the population diversity of genetic algorithms (GAs), we are required to employ an appropriate population diversity measure. However, commonly used population diversity measures designed for permutation problems do not consider the dependencies between the variables of the individuals in the population. We propose three types of population diversity measures that address high-order dependencies between the variables to investigate the effectiveness of considering high-order dependencies. The first is formulated as the entropy of the probability distribution of individuals estimated from the population based on an [Formula: see text]-th--order Markov model. The second is an extension of the first. The third is similar to the first, but it is based on a variable order Markov model. The proposed population diversity measures are incorporated into the evaluation function of a GA for the traveling salesman problem to maintain population diversity. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the three types of high-order entropy-based population diversity measures against the commonly used population diversity measures.
Teaching Health and Human Rights in a Globalised Classroom
Authors: Ó Cathaoir Katharina
Published: February 2020

This article outlines the importance of human rights in the health law curriculum. The author reflects on her experiences of teaching Health and Human Rights at the Faculty of Law, University of Copenhagen. Health and human rights, it is argued, can have important implications for students’ understanding of health and the role of law. Namely, it underscores the obligations of states and the rights of individuals, as well as the need for health laws and policies to respect rights. This approach prohibits health laws that discriminate or stigmatise. Furthermore, it is put forth that the growing body of socioeconomic rights jurisprudence should be integrated into teaching. Equally, students should be prepared for the needs of the modern labour market: interdisciplinarity and digitalisation, and to assess the human rights implications. Finally, educators must acknowledge and discuss the limitations of rights so that students are equipped to address and solve challenges.
The Charisma of Ideas and Personal vs. Sacral Authority in Vineyard Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz
Authors: Freudenberg Maren
Published: February 2020

This article applies the terms “charisma of ideas” (Winfried Gebhardt) as well as “personal authority” and “sacral authority” (Heinrich Popitz) to the German-speaking branch of the neo-charismatic Vineyard Church to reveal its uniqueness within the broader international organization. Theoretically, it moves beyond a traditional Weberian focus on charismatic leadership to focus on ideas ascribed with charisma and the role of authority in disseminating them. Empirically, it reveals that individual communication with God, perceiving Jesus as a role model, and cultivating an intellectual self-image are such central ideas. Both personal and sacral authority come into play in communicating them within and beyond the religious organization.
New Atypophthalmus (Diptera: Limoniidae) from South Korea
Authors: PODENAS SIGITAS , PODENIENE VIRGINIJA , SEO HONG-YUL , KIM A-YOUNG , PARK SUN-JAE , BYUN HYE-WOO , KIM HEUNG-CHUL , AUKŠTIKALNIENĖ RASA
Published: February 2020

Two new species of crane flies belonging to the genus Atypophthalmus Brunetti, 1911, A. (Atypophthalmus) kleini Podenas, sp. nov. and A. (Microlimonia) jeju Podenas & Podeniene, sp. nov. collected in South Korea in 2017 and 2019 are described and illustrated. Larvae and female pupa for A. (Microlimonia) jeju sp. nov. are described. The pupa for the subgenus A. (Microlimonia) is described for the first time. An updated list and key for adults of all Korean Atypophthalmus are presented.
Two species of Talorchestia Dana 1853 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae) including T. lakshadweepensis sp. nov. from the Lakshadweep Islands, India
Authors: TRIVEDI JIGNESHKUMAR N. , LOWRY JAMES K. , MYERS ALAN A. , KELOTH RAJMOHANA
Published: February 2020

Two species of the beach-hopper genus Talorchestia Dana, 1853 were collected at Cheriyam Island in the union territory of Lakshadweep in south western India. One species was identified as T. affinis Maccagno, 1936, known previously from the Red Sea, Somalia and East Africa and recorded for the first time from India, the other proved to be a new species, T. lakshadweepensis sp. nov.
A new species of Loxoblemmus Saussure, 1877 and a new distribution record of the genus Stephoblemmus Saussure, 1877 from China (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Gryllinae)
Authors: QIAO MIN , ZHANG TAO , WANG YAN , MA LIBIN
Published: February 2020

A new species, Loxoblemmus rectilineus sp. n., collected from Yunnan, China was described and illustrated. Stephoblemmus with a species Stephoblemmus humbertiellus Saussure, 1877 was first reported from China (Yunnan and Xizang Prov.). Loxoblemmus nigriceps Chopard, 1933 is junior synonym of Stephoblemmus humbertiellus Saussure, 1877. All specimens are housed in Museum of Flora and Fauna, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China.
Description of the last-instar larva of Zenithoptera lanei Santos, 1941 (Odonata: Libellulidae)
Authors: RIPPEL CAMILA G. , NEISS ULISSES G. , DEL PALACIO ALEJANDRO , SCHRÖDER NOELIA M. , FLECK GÜNTHER , HAMADA NEUSA , MARTÍ DARDO A. , SCHWEIGMANN NICOLÁS J.
Published: February 2020

The larva of Zenithoptera lanei Santos, 1941 is described and illustrated based on three exuviae of reared larvae collected in Misiones, Argentina, Roraima and Amazonas, Brazil. A comparison with the larva of Z. anceps Pujol-Luz, 1993 is included.
Introduction
Authors: Tortell Philippe D.
Published: February 2020

On 22 April, 1970, the first Earth Day, millions of people took to the streets in cities and towns across the United States, giving voice to an emerging consciousness of humanity’s impact on planet Earth. How has the planet changed over the last fifty years, what will it look like in 2070, and how will our current understanding of Earth’s trajectory map onto the reality that unfolds over the next half century? In his introduction, Tortell outlines the story and motivation behind the present volume, providing a chronological overview of developments in global environmental politics since the first Earth Day. He simultaneously acknowledges the progress we have made in addressing a range of acute environmental problems, and draws attention to the more pernicious threats that have emerged since the first Earth Day. Tortell summarizes the brief which he gave to the contributing authors of Earth 2020, and which resulted in the present volume: to reflect, from their own specialized vantage points, on how Earth and its human inhabitants have changed over the past fifty years, and to consider what the future might look like another in fifty years’ time. The scope of the volume is also delineated – from authors examining biophysical components of the Earth System, to those examining impacts on organisms and ecosystems, to those exploring the shifts in political, legal, economic and media landscapes that have occurred since 1970. Finally, Tortell calls for increased breaking of traditional boundaries, and conversations across domains of expertise, including new multimodal approaches to engage broader audiences who feel increasingly overwhelmed in the age of information overload.
Everyday Biodiversity
Authors: Smith Jeffrey R. , Daily Gretchen C.
Published: February 2020

The decline of biodiversity is affecting our everyday life, we currently get 75% of the vitamins and nutrients we consume from crops with animal pollinators, but many of these pollinators are in danger due to declines in insect populations. The global decline of pollinators is symptomatic of a much larger global trend: the rapid acceleration of species extinction rates. In this chapter, Smith and Daily emphasize that the loss of biodiversity is not just due species decline, but also radical landscape transformation. The biggest transformation is the rise of urban areas, with 60% of the human population living in cities with very limited biodiversity. Protected areas have played a central role in conservation since the late nineteenth century, and the designation of such areas has only intensified since the 1970s, with calls for 30% protection by 2030. However, this is not enough to support the biodiversity upon which human society depends. Acts like the Endangered Species Act or the Clean Air Act, introduced in the 1970s, underscored the need for biodiversity to be protected globally, and not just in the isolated pockets of designated protected areas. It is suggested that current government action to increase biodiversity is significant, but not sufficient – we must start seek to implement sustainability at every level in our economic system. Planet Earth’s species, habitats, ecosystems and landscapes are fundamental to who we are as human beings, and we must act quickly.
Environmental Economics
Authors: Fullerton Don
Published: February 2020

Environmental economics may sound like an oxymoron to those who believe that saving the environment must be based on a moral, rather than financial, imperative. This chapter argues otherwise. Here, Fullerton suggests that by identifying the market failures responsible for the production of pollution, and by helping to design policy proposals that maximize cost-effectiveness, economics can be a powerful tool for environmental protection. Before the first Earth Day in 1970, ‘environmental economics’ did not yet exist, per se, although individual economists had certainly considered pollution issues. Fullerton explores the ideas and legacies of the early pioneers (Pigou, Coase, Hardin, Dales, Baumol, Oates, Weitzman), and discusses the relationship between these ideas and environmental policies enacted (such as the 1990 US Clean Air Act Amendments, that initiated sulfur dioxide permit trading and thus largely eliminated the problem of acid rain). In this chapter, Fullerton not only explores the history of environmental economics, but discusses which policies (e.g. taxation and permitting) are more suited for different kinds and degrees of pollution. The discipline of environmental economics – which, in recent years, has incorporated new theoretical ideas, and has become more empirically driven by advances in ‘big data’ – has a role to play in tackling many of the environmental issues we face today, from contaminated water, to endangered species.
Weather
Authors: Nicholls Neville
Published: February 2020

This chapter begins with a grim but tangible example of the effect of unprecedented weather extremes: the Australian heatwave and wildfires of 2009, which claimed more than 600 lives. As these unfortunate disruptions to weather increase (one of the many upshots of global warming), scientists and governmental bodies must improve their ability to predict these events, in the absence of real political change. The stakes could not be higher; the European heatwave of 2003, for example, resulted in up to 70,000 deaths. The chapter highlights improvements in weather prediction, with most national services able to predict a week in advance, more accurately than forecasters in the 1970s could predict a day. This allows for greater multi-agency responses to weather emergencies and better modeling of the effects of global warming on weather trajectories. While the changing frequency of temperature extremes over the past fifty years is palpable, patterns in other extreme weather events are more difficult to identify, and this chapter unpacks various reasons why this is the case. In turn, improvements in seasonal climate forecasting (e.g., forecasting El Niño) will enable us to respond more effectively to the consequences of drought and other inter-annual weather variability, through crop management and timelier deployment of food relief.
Land
Authors: Ramankutty Navin , Wittman Hannah
Published: February 2020

This chapter analyzes past practices of global land use to propose a sustainable model of our relationship to the inhabitable Earth. Our Paleolithic ancestors first used fire to alter forest landscapes, contributing to the extinction of megafauna in the process. In the Neolithic, the invention of agriculture and the domestication of animals led classical commentators such as Plato to take note of soil erosion and soil degradation. The dawn of modernity and the European Age of Discovery, in addition to the genocide of peoples and cultures, has sent land use into overdrive. At the heart of our most recent ‘Green Revolution’ – the exponential increase in food production on a smaller per-capita land surface – lies a paradox. Not only has the application of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides and expanding monocultures caused widespread habitat destruction, degradation and loss of biodiversity, but more than 820 million people remain undernourished, despite this expansion. On the other hand, around 37% of the world population, mainly in the developed world, suffer from obesity as a result of excess calorific consumption, low in nutritional value. These inequalities point to a global imbalance in economic networks of production and consumption.
Analysis of Muscle Activity on Sedentary Group Spinal Muscle in Different Sitting Postures
Authors: Feng Yong , Chen XianJian
Published: February 2020

The prevention of sedentary behavior and discussing the relationship between sedentary behavior and health are very significant. In this study, sEMG was used to detect the changes of spinal muscle activity in three positions: sitting, and standing. It was aimed to find out the sEMG
characteristics of splenius capitis (SCA), trapezius (TR), erector spine muscle (ESM) and spinalis (SP) under the sedentary, sitting-moving and sittingstanding posture. Through the two-factor repeated measures analyses of variance, the results revealed that there were a significant difference
in MPF and MF between SCA, ESM, TR and SP at different time points. The results showed that the MFslope and MPFslope of ESM, SP, TR, and SCA were smaller in the sitting position than in the sitting position. The MFslope and MPFslope of both SP and
SCA were larger than that in the sedentary posture. These results confirm that sitting posture can alleviate spinal muscle fatigue compared to sedentary posture, while sitting posture can alleviate ESM and TR fatigue. The sitting-moving posture can’t improve the fatigue of SCA and SP
which caused by sedentary posture.
A Novel Acromion Radiological Classification and Its Clinical Application Study: Comparing Rockwood Tilt View with Arthroscopic Findings in 101 Shoulders
Authors: Zhu Yingchun , Jia Xuewen , Jin Zhanping , Mi Yunfeng , Wang Zheyang , Zhu Yufeng , Gu Chunxiao , Zhang Jihong , Wang Cui , Xia Dongdong
Published: February 2020

Background: It is estimated that more than 25% of general population more than 60 years old experience rotator cuff tear, acromial impingement syndrome is one of the most common causes. Morphology of acromion is an important extrinsic factor in the development of rotator cuff
tear. The traditional classification of the acromion by Bigliani et al. based on supraspinatus outlet view has been widely used, but due to the high requirements for patients to obtain true supraspinatus outlet view and the poor inter-observer reliability, it brings lots of limitations to
the clinical use of this classification. In our clinical work, we have noticed that the formation of acromial anterolateral spur on Rockwood tilt view has some relationship to a rotator cuff tear. Objectives: To develop a new classification of acromion based on the subacromial impingement
theory and the Rockwood tilt view. And explore the application value of the new classification in the diagnosis and treatment of rotator cuff tear. Methods: From January 2017 to December 2017, 101 cases of shoulder arthroscopic surgeries for impingement syndrome or rotator cuff tear
were retrospectively analyzed. We developed a new classification of the acromion based on the Rockwood tilt view as type I flat acromion, type II bump acromion and type III impingement acromion. The status of the supraspinatus tendon was also recorded as no tear, partial-thickness tear, and
full-thickness tear. We tested the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of the new classification system (Kappa value) and analyzed the correlation between the acromion morphology and the rupture of the supraspinatus tendon. Results: In all 101 cases, the most common type was
the impingement acromion with 46 patients (45.5%), followed by bump acromion in 37 patients (36.6%), and the flat acromion in 18 patients (17.8%). The inter-observer reliability of the new classification system was significantly better than that of the traditional classification (0.826 vs.
0.281). The incidence of supraspinatus tendon tear in the patients with impingement acromion was significantly higher than that of the other two types of acromion (ϰ2 = 50.316,P < 0.05). Conclusion: The Rockwood tilt view can well demonstrate the exact
architecture of the anterolateral acromion spur. The new classification based on Rockwood tilt view has high reliability and good reproducibility. The type III impingement acromion correlates highly with the supraspinatus tendon tear. Level of evidence: Level II.
Review on the Effects of High Heeled on Body Posture Based on Medical Images
Authors: Gong Zhen , Wiltshire Huw
Published: February 2020

Purpose: From a motor control perspective, the balance and propulsion are needed to proceed smoothly, and using high heeled shoes based on two conditions led to more difficult and complex gait. High heeled alter the natural form of body and present a chain reaction of disadvantageous
affected that throughout the entire body from the toe to spine. Therefore, the purpose of this review provides a comprehensive guide of understanding HH gait. Methods: Electronic database which includes PubMed, Embase, Medline, Amed, and Cinahl were searched for controlled trials comparing
high heeled shoes with barefoot or flat shoes, which include changes of the lower limb and upper limb. The kinematic change of body was the primary outcome measure. The comparison was conducted with mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Result: Major findings were focused on
the joint of the ankle, knee, hip, pelvis, and spine. The results of collecting articles show that a significant difference in ankle and knee joint during the gait when high heels and barefoot are compared. There are still conflicting results in terms of lumbar lordosis, and few studies indicate
that the pelvic anteversion increased significantly. Conclusion: On direction for future research should establish an effective method to estimate the result of the HH effect on body posture.
A Nano-Gap Nano-Antenna for Enhancing the Spatial Resolution of Optical Brain Imaging
Authors: Shoaib Zeshan , Kim Junhyun , Ahmad Kamran M. , Jeong Myung Yung
Published: February 2020

Optical brain imaging has the potential for a bright future thanks to its low cost and portability relative to other biomedical imaging modalities. Temporal and spatial resolutions are considered to be the discriminatory features for selection of biomedical imaging equipment. Optical
brain imaging systems, however, still face the bottleneck of limited spatial resolution. In this study, a novel method for guiding near infrared light at one of two particular gaps spaced nanometers apart has been presented. It includes the design of a nanogap nano-antenna for measurement
of overlapping information on vicinities of only nanoscale separation distance, which could result in enhancement of the spatial resolution of optical brain imaging systems. The design of the proposed nano-gap nano-antenna channels near-infrared light to a specific path among two gaps separated
by a nanometer-scale distance. A supportive analysis of gap design also is presented in this study. Additionally, the results of a comprehensive analysis of the behavior of light through the designed nano-gap nano-antenna are provided. The proposed methodology is a practical substitute for
a high-density probe arrangement as well as a possible means of spatial resolution enhancement.
A Novel NO2 Sensor Applied in Natural Protected Area
Authors: Zeng Qiang , Zhang Lingjiang
Published: February 2020

During the construction of highway, the exhaust emissions of equipment and vehicles will affect the ecological environment in a certain range around the road, especially in environmental sensitive areas such as national nature reserves, which need to be quantitatively studied. In this
work, a novel two-dimensional net-like hierarchical WO3 nanostructure was synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal route. It was amazing that this novel two-dimensional WO3 show ultra-sensitivity towards NO2, primarily attributed to abundant gas diffusion channels
and large gas-sensitive reaction surface area furnished by one-dimensional net-like WO3 nanowires. Benefiting from their novel characteristic, the two dimensional net-like WO3 based sensor has been applied in NO2 monitoring of the natural protected area.
Testing the Limits and Breakdown of the Nonacceleration Theorem for Orographic Stationary Waves
Authors: Lutsko Nicholas J.
Published: February 2020

The nonacceleration theorem states that the torque exerted on the atmosphere by orography is exactly balanced by the convergence of momentum by the stationary waves that the orography excites. This balance is tested in simulations with a stationary wave model and with a dry, idealized general circulation model (GCM), in which large-scale orography is placed at the latitude of maximum surface wind speed. For the smallest mountain considered (maximum height H = 0.5 m), the nonacceleration balance is nearly met, but the damping in the stationary wave model induces an offset between the stationary eddy momentum flux (EMF) convergence and the mountain torque, leading to residual mean flow changes. A stationary nonlinearity appears for larger mountains (H ≥ 10 m), driven by preferential deflection of the flow around the poleward flank of the orography, and causes further breakdown of the nonacceleration balance. The nonlinearity grows as H is increased, and is stronger in the GCM than in the stationary wave model, likely due to interactions with transient eddies. The midlatitude jet shifts poleward for H ≤ 2 km and equatorward for larger mountains, reflecting changes in the transient EMFs, which push the jet poleward for smaller mountains and equatorward for larger mountains. The stationary EMFs consistently force the jet poleward. These results add to our understanding of how orography affects the atmosphere’s momentum budget, providing insight into how the nonacceleration theorem breaks down; the roles of stationary nonlinearities and transients; and how orography affects the strength and latitude of eddy-driven jets.