bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lumped model for the calculation of harmonic eddy current losses in permanent magnets for homogeneous flux distributions considering eddy current reaction flux
Authors: Königs Mike , Löhlein Bernd
Published: August 2023

This is the first of a series of papers on novel methods for the calculation of eddy current losses in permanent magnets (PMs) and the shortcomings of previously conducted analyses. Eddy current losses in PMs and their mitigation are significant factors when designing inverter-fed electric drives. Especially with the need for drives with high power density, a trend toward increased rotational speeds and, therefore, higher fundamental frequencies and inverter switching frequencies are observable. Higher harmonic frequency components of concentrated windings and fractional slot windings are widely taken into account when designing rare sintered earth magnets for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). However, inverter-related losses are rarely simulated in Finite Element Method (FEM) co-simulations and can contribute as a major factor to the power losses in PMSMs. In the worst case, this neglection can lead to the thermal demagnetization of the permanent magnets. Segmentation provides an effective measure to limit eddy current losses. However, not every kind of segmentation proves effective in a drive application. Depending on the frequency behavior of the magnetic flux in a permanent magnet, segmentation can increase eddy current losses within the magnet compared to a non-segmented magnet. This behavior is due to the reaction to the flux caused by the eddy currents within the magnet. The reaction of the eddy currents is often neglected [1, 2], and, in other cases, the vicinity of ferromagnetic material is neglected in analytical calculations [3] but proves crucial for the exact calculation of higher frequency losses [4, 5]. In this paper, an analytical solution to calculate harmonic eddy current losses in permanent magnets, including the reaction flux with homogeneous excitation, is given.
Factors affecting augmented reality head-mounted device performance in real OR
Authors: Suter Daniel , Hodel Sandro , Liebmann Florentin , Fürnstahl Philipp , Farshad Mazda
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Over the last years, interest and efforts to implement augmented reality (AR) in orthopedic surgery through head-mounted devices (HMD) have increased. However, the majority of experiments were preclinical and within a controlled laboratory environment. The operating room (OR) is a more challenging environment with various confounding factors potentially affecting the performance of an AR-HMD. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of an AR-HMD in a real-life OR setting.

Methods

An established AR application using the HoloLens 2 HMD was tested in an OR and in a laboratory by two users. The accuracy of the hologram overlay, the time to complete the trial, the number of rejected registration attempts, the delay in live overlay of the hologram, and the number of completely failed runs were recorded. Further, different OR setting parameters (light condition, setting up partitions, movement of personnel, and anchor placement) were modified and compared.

Results

Time for full registration was higher with 48 s (IQR 24 s) in the OR versus 33 s (IQR 10 s) in the laboratory setting (p < 0.001). The other investigated parameters didn’t differ significantly if an optimal OR setting was used. Within the OR, the strongest influence on performance of the AR-HMD was different light conditions with direct light illumination on the situs being the least favorable.

Conclusion

AR-HMDs are affected by different OR setups. Standardization measures for better AR-HMD performance include avoiding direct light illumination on the situs, setting up partitions, and minimizing the movement of personnel.
Intracranial lesion features in moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: relation to neurointensive care variables and clinical outcome
Authors: Svedung Wettervik Teodor , Hånell Anders , Enblad Per , Lewén Anders
Published: August 2023

Background

The primary aim was to determine the association of intracranial hemorrhage lesion type, size, mass effect, and evolution with the clinical course during neurointensive care and long-term outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods

In this observational, retrospective study, 385 TBI patients treated at the neurointensive care unit at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, were included. The lesion type, size, mass effect, and evolution (progression on the follow-up CT) were assessed and analyzed in relation to the percentage of secondary insults with intracranial pressure > 20 mmHg, cerebral perfusion pressure < 60 mmHg, and cerebral pressure autoregulatory status (PRx) and in relation to Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended.

Results

A larger epidural hematoma (p < 0.05) and acute subdural hematoma (p < 0.001) volume, greater midline shift (p < 0.001), and compressed basal cisterns (p < 0.001) correlated with craniotomy surgery. In multiple regressions, presence of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (p < 0.001) and intracranial hemorrhage progression on the follow-up CT (p < 0.01) were associated with more intracranial pressure-insults above 20 mmHg. In similar regressions, obliterated basal cisterns (p < 0.001) were independently associated with higher PRx. In a multiple regression, greater acute subdural hematoma (p < 0.05) and contusion (p < 0.05) volume, presence of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (p < 0.01), and obliterated basal cisterns (p < 0.01) were independently associated with a lower rate of favorable outcome.

Conclusions

The intracranial lesion type, size, mass effect, and evolution were associated with the clinical course, cerebral pathophysiology, and outcome following TBI. Future efforts should integrate such granular data into more sophisticated machine learning models to aid the clinician to better anticipate emerging secondary insults and to predict clinical outcome.
Modeling the Impact of Public Infrastructure investments in the U.S.: A CGE Analysis
Authors: Suárez-Cuesta David , Latorre Maria C.
Published: August 2023

This study offers a computable general equilibrium analysis of the $550 billion devoted to new infrastructure investment (new and remodeled physical infrastructure for transportation, information and public services) in the United States under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, a federal law signed by President Joseph Biden in November 2021. The simulations are based on the state-level distribution of funds and distinguish between the construction phase (short run) and the operational phase (long run). Gross domestic product (GDP) and labor demand react to the government spending stimulus after the first year by growing 0.24% and 0.44%, respectively. The gains derived from this investment plan are higher in the long term once investments increase the country’s capital stock; GDP increases by 1.39% and wages by 3.94%. This paper analyzes the efficiency of the current distribution of funds across sectors, and finds that the current distribution benefits the United States economy more. Even though a slightly higher GDP impact could have been reached (1.42%) if all the funds were devoted to transport services, the price increases would result in lower real wage increases.
Quantitative trait loci mapping of polyphenol metabolites from a ‘Latham’ x ‘Glen Moy’ red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L) cross
Authors: McDougall G. J. , Allwood J. W. , Dobson G. , Austin C. , Verrall S. , Alexander C. J. , Hancock R. D. , Graham J. , Hackett C. A.
Published: August 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic control of polyphenol accumulation in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L).

Methods

The levels of total anthocyanins and 37 individual polyphenol metabolites were measured over three years in a raspberry biparental mapping population. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these traits were mapped onto a high-density SNP linkage map.

Results

At least one QTL was detected for each trait, with good consistency among the years. On four linkage groups (LG), there were major QTLs affecting several metabolites. On LG1, a QTL had large effects on anthocyanins and flavonols containing a rutinoside or rhamnose group. On LG4, a QTL had large effects on several flavonols and on LG5 and LG6 QTLs had large effects on ellagic acid derivatives. Smaller QTLs were found on LG2 and LG3.

Conclusion

The identification of robust QTLs for key polyphenols in raspberry provides great potential for marker-assisted breeding for improved levels of potentially health beneficial components.
Test Methods for the Mechanical Characterization of Flexure Hinges
Authors: Meyer P. , Finder J. , Hühne C.
Published: August 2023

Background

The design of compliant mechanisms requires detailed knowledge about the stiffness properties of their flexible segments. However, there are no standardized test methods for flexure hinges, and therefore the influence of manufacturing-specific effects, such as anisotropy, on the stiffness properties cannot be quantified.

Objective

This paper presents novel test methods for variable cross-section flexure hinges subjected to large deformations and pure bending loading, which determine the bending stiffness of flexure hinges over their entire deflection range using a universal testing machine.

Methods

The novel test methods for flexure hinges are based on the tensile test, the four-point bending test (FPBT), and the column bending test (CBT). These test methods were initially formulated for constant cross-section specimens, but are adapted in this study to examine variable cross-section specimens. The derived test methods are validated by using isotropic materials with well-known properties and by comparing the calculated deflections with deflections measured by means of image processing.

Results

The deflection validation shows that the adapted CBT (aCBT) is accurate over the entire deflection range, achieving curvature of up to $$\kappa =0.40\;\text {mm}^{-1}$$

κ
=
0.40

mm

-
1

, whereas the maximum curvature in the adapted FPBT (aFPBT) is limited by the test methodology to about $$\kappa =0.15\;\text {mm}^{-1}$$

κ
=
0.15

mm

-
1

. At small strains, the flexural modulus determined in the aCBT and aFPBT agrees well with the Young’s modulus determined in the tensile test, as would be expected for isotropic materials.

Conclusion

The aCBT proves to be a suitable test method for flexure hinges at large deflections, whereas the stiffness characterization at small deflections can be performed with both the aCBT and the aFPBT. The presented test methods validated on isotropic materials form the basis for characterizing anisotropic flexure hinges with geometry-dependent stiffness properties.
Networking and cryptography library with a non-repudiation flavor for blockchain
Authors: Rasslan Mohamed , Nasreldin Mahmoud M. , Abdelrahman Doaa , Elshobaky Aya , Aslan Heba
Published: August 2023

Blockchain is currently one of the most widely discussed inventions in the information and communication technology industry. It is a pillar of the fourth industrial revolution and it is a cryptographically demanding technology that is regarded as one of the most influential topics in academia. Many blockchain platforms currently utilize third-party cryptographic libraries that offer many cryptographic primitives in order to ensure users' protection against cyber-attacks. The Networking and Cryptography library (NaCl) is an open-source library for cryptographic primitives. NaCl is known to be one of the best libraries that provide usability property. Although NaCl is easy to use and ensures: confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity, it fails to provide the non-repudiation service. In this paper, an improvement to the blockchain platforms is proposed by enhancing the NaCl library to achieve the non-repudiation property that enhances the security level of the implemented blockchain platform. In NaCl, to provide the aforementioned security services, messages are signed and then encrypted. Therefore, the non-repudiation service is not provided. In this paper, the proposed solution is based on adding a signature block to enable a non-repudiation property. First, logical analysis is conducted using the BAN logic on the NaCl library to prove that it does not provide the non-repudiation property. Subsequently, a modification to the library is proposed, and the correctness of the proposed solution is proven using BAN logic. The analysis suggests that the proposed solution fixes the aforementioned problem.
Früher war alles besser? Mathematikleistungen von Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten von 1964 und 1996 im Vergleich
Authors: Rolfes Tobias , Robitzsch Alexander , Heinze Aiso
Published: August 2023

Gemäß der Wahrnehmung insbesondere von Hochschullehrenden verringern sich die Fähigkeiten der Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten im Fach Mathematik seit Jahrzehnten beständig. Allerdings liegen bisher kaum empirische Untersuchungen zur Trendentwicklung der Mathematikleistungen in der gymnasialen Oberstufe vor. Um der Frage nachzugehen, ob sich die vermutete negative Trendentwicklung empirisch nachweisen lässt, wurden die Mathematikleistungen von Abiturienten und Abiturienten in Hessen und Schleswig-Holstein untersucht. Dazu wurde eine Sekundäranalyse der Daten aus der First International Mathematics Study (FIMS) von 1964 und der Third International Science and Mathematics Study (TIMSS) von 1996 vorgenommen. Dabei wurden die Daten aus FIMS und TIMSS mit Hilfe der Item-Response-Theorie neu skaliert und anhand der neun Trenditems über ein Mean-Mean-Linking verbunden. Anschließend wurden die Mathematikleistungen von 1964 und 1996 durch ein Equipercentile-Equating in die TIMSS-Metrik überführt und in das TIMSS-Kompetenzstufenmodell eingeordnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass sich die Mathematikleistungen der Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten von 1964 und 1996 in den beiden Bundesländern Hessen und Schleswig-Holstein nicht signifikant unterschieden und sich die vermutete negative Trendentwicklung für diese beiden Bundesländer empirisch nicht belegen lässt.
Deletion of TRPC6, an Autism Risk Gene, Induces Hyperexcitability in Cortical Neurons Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Shin Kyung Chul , Ali Gowher , Ali Moussa Houda Yasmine , Gupta Vijay , de la Fuente Alberto , Kim Hyung-Goo , Stanton Lawrence W. , Park Yongsoo
Published: August 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder linked to numerous rare, inherited, and arising de novo genetic variants. ASD often co-occurs with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy, which are associated with hyperexcitability of neurons. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying hyperexcitability in ASD remain poorly understood. Transient receptor potential canonical-6 (TRPC6) is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel that regulates store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and is a candidate risk gene for ASD. Using human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)–derived cortical neurons, single-cell calcium imaging, and electrophysiological recording, we show that TRPC6 knockout (KO) reduces SOCE signaling and leads to hyperexcitability of neurons by increasing action potential frequency and network burst frequency. Our data provide evidence that reduction of SOCE by TRPC6 KO results in neuronal hyperexcitability, which we hypothesize is an important contributor to the cellular pathophysiology underlying hyperactivity in some ASD.
Case report: a successful treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors was associated with severe dermatologic toxicities in a patient with double primary malignancies
Authors: Li Xi , Lei Yi , Liu Jiyan , Lin Hongyin , Chen Kexin , yin Fang , Wang Chunhui , Zhang Hu
Published: August 2023

Dermatological toxicities are well-recognized immune-related adverse events (irAEs) secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) use. Corticosteroids are considered the first-line therapy for grade 3 or grade 4 skin irAEs, but long-term usage of corticosteroids may abolish the effect of ICIs. Multiple antitumor therapies might be an influencing factor in an increased incidence of skin irAEs. The safety and prognostic value in resuming ICIs after irAEs has been inconsistently reported, especially the severe skin irAE. We report a case of a 75-year-old man with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and prostate cancer with a Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)-like eruption. The severe rash might have been induced by resuming pembrolizumab was successfully treated with a combination of corticosteroids, gamma globulin, and immunosuppressants. Early detection of dermatologic toxicity is crucial, especially for patients receiving multiple antitumor treatments. We should treat ICI resumption seriously after skin irAE.
A cooperative adaptive genetic algorithm for reentrant hybrid flow shop scheduling with sequence-dependent setup time and limited buffers
Authors: Zheng Qianqian , Zhang Yu , Tian Hongwei , He Lijun
Published: August 2023

This paper deals with a reentrant hybrid flow shop problem with sequence-dependent setup time and limited buffers where there are multiple unrelated parallel machines at each stage. A mathematical model with the minimization of total weighted completion time is constructed for this problem. Considering the complexity of the problem at hand, an effective cooperative adaptive genetic algorithm (CAGA) is proposed. In the algorithm, a dual chain coding scheme and a staged-hierarchical decoding approach are, respectively, designed to encode and decode each solution. Six dispatch heuristics and a dynamic adjustment method are introduced to define initial population. To balance the exploration and exploitation abilities, three effective operations are implemented: (1) two new crossover and mutation operators with collaborative mechanism are imposed on genetic algorithm; (2) an adaptive adjustment strategy is introduced to re-optimize better solutions after mutation operations, where ant colony search algorithm and modified greedy heuristic are intelligently switched; (3) a reset strategy with dynamic variable step strategy is embedded to re-generate some non-improved solutions. A Taguchi method of design of experiment is adopted to calibrate the parameter values in the presented algorithm. Comparison experiments are executed on test instances with different scale problems. Computational results show that the proposed CAGA is more effective and efficient than several well-known algorithms in solving the studied problem.
Corrosion Behavior of SiMo Ductile Cast Iron in Different Corrosive Environments
Authors: Abdelrahim Dawlat M. , Ateia Ebtesam E. , Nofal Adel A. , Gomaa Mona H. , Hamid Z. Abdel
Published: August 2023

Standard SiMo ductile cast iron automotive alloys are typically subjected to various hostile environmental conditions. For the current investigation, SiMo with a silicon content of 5% and molybdenum contents ranging from 0 to 1.5% was used. In two corrosive environments of 0.6 M NaCl and 0.5 M H2SO4, the study intends to present the corrosion behavior of high silicon molybdenum ductile cast iron (SiMo). Moreover, the impact of changing Mo on the microstructural characteristics has been investigated. The SEM-EDX examinations revealed that the nodule counts, M6C carbides, and lamellar pearlite increased while the ferritic matrix decreased with increasing Mo contents. It is clear that the addition of Mo reduces cast iron's rate of corrosion and thus increases its corrosion resistance. The results showed that SiMo cast iron alloy with 1.0 wt% Mo had a lower corrosion current (Icorr) in 0.6 M NaCl solution while lower corrosion current (Icorr) with the cast iron containing 1.5 wt% Mo in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, which resulted in the lowest corrosion rate. The occurrence of a galvanic couple between the alloy matrix and the graphite nodules results in electrochemical corrosion, with the largest corrosion rates taking place at Mo-free alloy in both media.
Attitudes to ageing amongst health care professionals: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Jeyasingam Neil , McLean Loyola , Mitchell Lisa , Wand Anne P. F.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Older adults utilising healthcare may be vulnerable to systemic bias regarding ageing potentially affecting care. Primary aim is to systematically review the qualitative literature examining attitudes to ageing amongst health care professionals (HCPs). Secondary aim is to describe and compare attitudes to ageing between different professional groups.

Methods

Studies examining attitudes to ageing of HCPs were identified using four databases. Original qualitative research with HCPs was included, excluding studies examining students alone, reviews, and grey literature. Three authors undertook standardised data extraction and quality rating for each study and thematic synthesis, with a fourth senior author reviewing. Quality appraisal followed the Attree and Milton guidelines (2006), including studies rated A–C.

Results

Of 5869 citations, 13 met initial inclusion criteria. Synthesis of the 12 studies graded A–C followed (excluding one study rated-D). Nurses, doctors, and social workers were most frequently investigated. Identified themes included Attitudes towards older persons, The role of the older persons’ family, Behaviour of HCPs towards older persons, Behaviour of older persons towards HCPs, and Definitions of an older person. An overarching theme emerged of the systemic context of attitudes to ageing. Common attitudes were found across disciplines, with doctors emphasising complexity and dependency and nurses the burden of care.

Conclusions

HCP’s attitudes to ageing vary and are shaped by professional experiences and systemic factors. HCP attitudes may affect responses to and care of the older person. Therefore, interprofessional research, and systemic and service changes across disciplines are required to foster real and sustainable attitudinal change to support older peoples’ care.
Public Transport Commuting Analytics: A Longitudinal Study Based on GPS Tracking and Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Costa Mariana A. , Marra Alessio D. , Corman Francesco
Published: August 2023

This paper uses unlabelled GPS tracking data collected by a smartphone application, enriched by fusion with automatic vehicle location (AVL) data, to study commuting trips from home to work and vice versa. Such commuting trips play a significant part in public transport (PT), and in transport planning in general. This work investigates patterns of mobility, based on multiple thousands of recorded trips over a set of users in a longitudinal study by, first, determining unsupervised clustering algorithms to impute work and home locations, then analysing relevant characteristics, such as departure times, mode/line choice and trip duration. Finally, a heuristics algorithm is proposed to analyse the extent and frequency of similar trips. The results quantify amount and limits of the regularity of individual commuting behaviour in terms of repeatable travel choices. Commuters are quite consistent in their choices of departure times and lines used, even though differences are found among the two directions of the commuting trips, with work–home trips having a greater average duration and, in many cases, different choices of lines.
COVID-19 and Driving Behavior: Which Were the Most Crucial Influencing Factors?
Authors: Sekadakis Marios , Katrakazas Christos , Michelaraki Eva , Ziakopoulos Apostolos , Yannis George
Published: August 2023

This paper tries to identify and investigate the most significant factors that influenced the relationship between COVID-19 pandemic metrics (i.e., COVID-19 cases, fatalities, and reproduction rate) and restrictions (i.e., stringency index and lockdown measures) with driving behavior in the entire year 2020. To that aim, naturalistic driving data for a 12-month timeframe were exploited and analyzed. The examined driving behavior variables included harsh acceleration and harsh braking event rates concerning the time period before, during, and after the lockdown measures in Greece. The harsh event rates were extracted using data obtained by a specially developed smartphone application which were transmitted to a back-end telematics platform between the 1st of January and the 31st of December, 2020. Based on the collected data, XGBoost feature analysis algorithms were deployed to obtain the most significant factors. Furthermore, a comparison among the first COVID-19 lockdown (i.e., March–May 2020), the second one (i.e., November–December 2020), and the period without COVID-19 restrictions (i.e., January–March and May–November 2020) was drawn. COVID-19 new cases and new fatalities were the most significant factors related to COVID-19 metrics impacting driving behavior. Additionally, the correlation between driving behavior with other factors (i.e., distance traveled, mobile use, driving requests, and driving during risky hours) was revealed. Furthermore, the differences and similarities of the harsh event rates between the two lockdown periods were identified. This paper tries to fill this gap in the existing literature concerning a feature analysis for the entire 2020 and including the first and second lockdown restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece.
Smart phone based medical record software for short term surgical missions
Authors: Alfille Paul , Bean Christopher , Fuzaylov Gennadiy
Published: August 2023

Short term medical/surgical missions (STMMs) are a common approach to address the limited access to surgical and anesthesia care in much of the under-resourced world. Documentation on surgical missions offers both a challenge and an opportunity to improve quality and safety of care provided. We describe a novel open-source electronic health record (EHR) software that addresses many of the limitations and safety concerns that currently exist in EHRs used for STMMs. It is usable in austere environments without internet access and is flexible to meet the needs of various types of projects. It contains unique safety features for patient identification with QR bar codes and clearly defined mechanisms for follow up and limitations of duplications of care. Documentation focuses specifically on surgical and perioperative care for short term surgical missions as opposed to medical missions. The software is smart phone-based without the requirement of tablets or laptop computers intended for use at point of care, but maintains the ability to complete post-mission quality and outcomes analysis through exporting data to spreadsheets. The scope of this software is focused specifically for surgical missions, but the open-source and collaborative nature allow for flexibility in specific requirements and details for different types of missions. This open source EHR software has unique accessibility and safety considerations, and facilitates both in-mission surgical care, ongoing follow up, and post hoc mission analysis.
Contemporary Japanese Sinology
Authors: Iiyama Tomoyasu
Published: August 2023

In this essay, to make the best use of the limited space available, I concentrate on elements that have not yet received much attention in English, particularly the aspects that scholars outside Japan have found bewildering and the ones that I have knowledge of myself. 1 Thus after sketching in a cursory way the earlier stages of Japanese sinology, I focus on the last forty years. I also look primarily at the study of history, largely leaving to the side the study of literature, philosophy, and the social sciences. Readers who want to know more about earlier stages of Japanese Sinology can turn to many informative and insightful works on the subject.
Lagrangian dispersion and averaging behind a two-dimensional gaseous detonation front
Authors: Watanabe Hiroaki , Matsuo Akiko , Chinnayya Ashwin , Itouyama Noboru , Kawasaki Akira , Matsuoka Ken , Kasahara Jiro
Published: August 2023

Two-dimensional numerical simulations with the particle tracking method were conducted to analyse the dispersion behind the detonation front and its mean structure. The mixtures were 2H

$_2$

–O

$_2$

–7Ar and 2H

$_2$

–O

$_2$

of increased irregularity in ambient conditions. The detonation could be described as a two-scale phenomenon, especially for the unstable case. The first scale is related to the main heat release zone, and the second where some classical laws of turbulence remain relevant. The dispersion of the particles was promoted by the fluctuations of the leading shock and its curvature, the presence of the reaction front, and to a lesser extent transverse waves, jets and vortex motion. Indeed, the dispersion and the relative dispersion could be scaled using the reduced activation energy and the

$\chi$

parameter, respectively, suggesting that the main mechanism driving the dispersion came from the one-dimensional leading shock fluctuations and heat release. The dispersion within the induction time scale was closely related to the cellular structure, particles accumulating along the trajectory of the triple points. Then, after a transient where the fading transverse waves and the vortical motions coming from jets and slip lines were present, the relative dispersion relaxed towards a Richardson–Obukhov regime, especially for the unstable case. Two new Lagrangian Favre average procedures for the gaseous detonation in the instantaneous shock frame were proposed and the mean profiles were compared with those from Eulerian procedure. The characteristic lengths for the detonation were similar, meaning that the Eulerian procedure gave the mean structure with a reasonable accuracy.
Hybrid wave/current energy harvesting with a flexible piezoelectric plate
Authors: Shoele Kourosh
Published: August 2023

We investigate the dynamics and energy production capability of a flexible piezoelectric plate submerged close to the free surface and exposed to incident head gravity waves and current. A theoretical model is derived in which the flag and its wake are represented with a vortex line while the body of the fluid is considered to be inviscid. The model is employed to describe the hydrodynamic interactions between a flexible plate, its wake, gravity incident waves and the current. The model reveals two distinct vibration states of a piezoelectric device corresponding to almost similar optimal energy production levels. The first is associated with the cantilever fluttering mode of the plate, with limited dependency on the plate's flexibility across different Froude numbers and incoming wave frequencies. The other resembles the flow-induced flapping mode in more flexible plates, with the energy output showing a higher dependency on plate flexibility. The concurrent existence of these two energetic modes allows adjustment of the plate length to consistently achieve the maximum energy production level across different flow conditions. The role of the Froude number of the system's responses is explored and correlated to the appearance of gravity wave groups on the surface, each propagating with a different wavenumber. It is shown that a submergence depth of less than half of the body length is required to reach a high energetic condition in subcritical and critical flows. Finally, the optimal inductive and resistive values are related to proper matching between flow, mechanical and electrical time scales.
An explicit representation for mean profiles and fluxes in forced passive scalar convection
Authors: Pirozzoli Sergio
Published: August 2023

We derive explicit formulae for the mean profiles of passive scalars (either temperature or concentration of a diffusing substance), and their respective wall fluxes (either heat or mass fluxes), in forced turbulent convection, as a function of the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. Direct numerical simulation data for turbulent flow within a smooth straight pipe of circular cross-section, at friction Reynolds number

${{Re}}_{\tau }=1140$

, in the range of Prandtl numbers from

${{Pr}}=0.00625$

to

${{Pr}}=16$

, are used to infer the proper analytical form of the eddy diffusivity. This is leveraged to derive accurate predictive formulae for the mean passive scalar profiles, and for the corresponding logarithmic offset function. Asymptotic scaling laws result for the thickness of the conductive (diffusive) layer, and for the Nusselt number, which significantly extend the predictive envelope of classical formulae.
MARINE RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION IN POLAR REGIONS: A SIMPLE APPROXIMATE APPROACH USING MARINE20
Authors: Heaton T J , Butzin M , Bard E , Bronk Ramsey C , Hughen K A , Köhler P , Reimer P J
Published: August 2023

The Marine20 radiocarbon (14C) age calibration curve, and all earlier marine 14C calibration curves from the IntCal group, must be used extremely cautiously for the calibration of marine 14C samples from polar regions (outside ∼ 40ºS–40ºN) during glacial periods. Calibrating polar 14C marine samples from glacial periods against any Marine calibration curve (Marine20 or any earlier product) using an estimate of ${\rm{\Delta R}}$, the regional 14C depletion adjustment, that has been obtained from samples in the recent (non-glacial) past is likely to lead to bias and overconfidence in the calibrated age. We propose an approach to calibration that aims to address this by accounting for the possibility of additional, localized, glacial 14C depletion in polar oceans. We suggest, for a specific polar location, bounds on the value of ${\rm{\Delta }}{{\rm{R}}_{20}}\left( {\rm{\theta }} \right)$ during a glacial period. The lower bound ${\rm{\Delta R}}_{20}^{{\rm{Hol}}}$ may be based on 14C samples from the recent non-glacial (Holocene) past and corresponds to a low-depletion glacial scenario. The upper bound, ${\rm{\Delta R}}_{20}^{{\rm{GS}}}$, representing a high-depletion scenario is found by increasing ${\rm{\Delta R}}_{20}^{{\rm{Hol}}}$ according to the latitude of the 14C sample to be calibrated. The suggested increases to obtain ${\rm{\Delta R}}_{20}^{{\rm{GS}}}$ are based upon simulations of the Hamburg Large Scale Geostrophic Ocean General Circulation Model (LSG OGCM). Calibrating against the Marine20 curve using the upper and lower ${\rm{\Delta }}{{\rm{R}}_{20}}$ bounds provide estimates of calibrated ages for glacial 14C samples in high- and low-depletion scenarios which should bracket the true calendar age of the sample. In some circumstances, users may be able to determine which depletion scenario is more appropriate using independent paleoclimatic or proxy evidence.
English in a rural linguistic landscape of globalizing China
Authors: Liu Guangxiang , Ma Chaojun
Published: August 2023

Usually focusing on linguistic/semiotic signs in culturally and linguistically diverse communities, linguistic landscape (hereafter LL) has appeared as a methodological paradigm for the investigation of the representation and visibility of languages across geographical contexts (Landry & Bourhis, 1997; Scollon & Scollon, 2003). Highlighting the informative and symbolic functions of languages, this paradigm enables the combination of a quantitatively distributive lens with a refined ethnographic perspective to generate insights into the ethnolinguistic vitality of a given territory and the spread of international lingua francas – in most cases English – in localized settings (Backhaus, 2007; Jaworski & Thurlow, 2010; Li, 2015).
Projection theorems for linear-fractional families of projections
Authors: ISELI ANNINA , LUKYANENKO ANTON
Published: August 2023

Marstrand’s theorem states that applying a generic rotation to a planar setAbefore projecting it orthogonally to thex-axis almost surely gives an image with the maximal possible dimension$\min(1, \dim A)$. We first prove, using the transversality theory of Peres–Schlag locally, that the same result holds when applying a generic complex linear-fractional transformation in$PSL(2,\mathbb{C})$or a generic real linear-fractional transformation in$PGL(3,\mathbb{R})$. We next show that, under some necessary technical assumptions, transversality locally holds for restricted families of projections corresponding to one-dimensional subgroups of$PSL(2,\mathbb{C})$or$PGL(3,\mathbb{R})$. Third, we demonstrate, in any dimension, local transversality and resulting projection statements for the families of closest-point projections to totally-geodesic subspaces of hyperbolic and spherical geometries.
Oniomanie: Eine psychiatrie-historische Perspektive
Authors: Demling Joachim , Müller Astrid
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung: Zielsetzung: Psychiatriehistorische Betrachtung der Begriffsbildung und nosologischen Einordnung der „Oniomanie“. Methodik: Fokussierter narrativer Überblick. Ergebnisse: Der Begriff „Oniomanie“ wurde vermutlich im 19. Jahrhundert von dem französischen Psychiater Magnan geprägt und später vor allem mit Kraepelin in Verbindung gebracht. Kraepelin und Bleuler beschrieben die „Oniomanie“ in kurzen Absätzen ihrer psychiatrischen Lehrbücher. Die nosologische Zuordnung geschah zunächst im Rahmen der „Entartungslehre“ des 19. Jahrhunderts, Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts sprach Kraepelin von „krankhaften Trieben“, Bleuler in Anlehnung an Kraepelin von „impulsivem Irresein“, später von „psychogenen Störungen“ und von „krankhaften Reaktionen thymopsychischer Art“. Der Begriff „Oniomanie“ wird in der aktuellen Literatur kaum noch gebraucht. Stattdessen werden Bezeichnungen wie z. B. „Kaufsucht“, „pathologisches Kaufen“ oder „zwanghafte Kauf-Shopping-Störung“ bevorzugt. In der ICD-11 wird die „compulsive buying-shopping disorder“ als ein Beispiel für eine sonstige näher bezeichnete Störung der Impulskontrolle genannt. Neuropsychologische Befunde sprechen für eine Einordnung als Verhaltenssucht. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Begriff „Oniomanie“ wurde vor mehr als 100 Jahren geprägt und kann als Vorläufer der ICD-11 Bezeichnung „zwanghafte Kauf-Shopping-Störung“ gesehen werden. Aktuell sieht man die Störung nosologisch entweder bei den Impulskontrollstörungen oder Verhaltenssüchten angesiedelt.
Anatomy of an Alpine Bedload Transport Event: A Watershed‐Scale Seismic‐Network Perspective
Authors: Antoniazza Gilles , Dietze Michael , Mancini Davide , Turowski Jens M. , Rickenmann Dieter , Nicollier Tobias , Boss Stefan , Lane Stuart N.
Published: August 2023

The way Alpine rivers mobilize, convey and store coarse material during high‐magnitude events is poorly understood, notably because it is difficult to obtain measurements of bedload transport at the watershed scale. Seismic sensor data, evaluated with appropriate seismic physical models, can provide that missing link by yielding time‐varying estimates of bedload transport albeit with non‐negligible uncertainty. Low cost and ease of installation allow for networks of sensors to be deployed, providing continuous, watershed‐scale insights into bedload transport dynamics. Here, we deploy a network of 24 seismic sensors to estimate coarse material fluxes in a 13.4 km2 Alpine watershed during a high‐magnitude transport event. First, we benchmark the seismic inversion routine with an independent time‐series of bedload transport obtained with a calibrated acoustic system. Then, we apply the procedure to the other seismic sensors across the watershed. Propagation velocities derived from cross‐correlation analysis between spatially consecutive bedload transport time‐series were too high with respect to typical bedload transport velocity suggesting that a faster‐moving water wave (re‐)mobilizes local coarse material. Spatially distributed estimates of bedload transport reveal a relative inefficiency of Alpine watersheds in evacuating coarse material, even during a relatively infrequent high‐magnitude bedload transport event. Significant inputs estimated for some tributaries were rapidly attenuated as the main river crossed less hydraulically efficient reaches. Only a small proportion of the total amount of material mobilized in the watershed was exported at the outlet. Multiple periods of competent flows are likely necessary to evacuate coarse material mobilized throughout the watershed during individual bedload transport events.
ENSO Modulates Mean Currents and Mesoscale Eddies in the Caribbean Sea
Authors: Huang Minghai , Liang Xinfeng , Yang Yang , Zhang Yang
Published: August 2023

Although El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its global impacts through teleconnection have been known for decades, if and how the mean currents and mesoscale eddies in the Caribbean Sea are linked to ENSO remains an open question. Here, by analyzing satellite observations and an ocean reanalysis product, we found a close connection between mean currents, eddies in the Caribbean Sea and ENSO on interannual timescales. Strong El Niño events result in enhanced north‐south sea surface height differences and consequently stronger mean currents in the Caribbean Sea, and the opposite happens during La Niña events. The eddy kinetic energy responds to ENSO via eddy‐mean flow interaction, primarily through baroclinic instability, which releases the available potential energy stored in the mean currents to mesoscale eddies. Our results suggest some predictability of the mean currents and eddies in the Caribbean Sea, particularly during strong El Niño and La Niña events.
Contrasting Trends and Drivers of Global Surface and Canopy Urban Heat Islands
Authors: Du Huilin , Zhan Wenfeng , Voogt James , Bechtel Benjamin , Chakraborty T. C. , Liu Zihan , Hu Leiqiu , Wang Zhihua , Li Jiufeng , Fu Peng , Liao Weilin , Luo Ming , Li Long , Wang Shasha , Huang Fan , Miao Shiqi
Published: August 2023

A comprehensive comparison of the trends and drivers of global surface and canopy urban heat islands (termed Is and Ic trends, respectively) is critical for better designing urban heat mitigation strategies. However, such a global comparison remains largely absent. Using spatially continuous land surface temperatures and surface air temperatures (2003–2020), here we find that the magnitude of the global mean Is trend (0.19 ± 0.006°C/decade, mean ± SE) for 5,643 cities worldwide is nearly six‐times the corresponding Ic trend (0.03 ± 0.002°C/decade) during the day, while the former (0.06 ± 0.004°C/decade) is double the latter (0.03 ± 0.002°C/decade) at night. Variable importance scores indicate that global daytime Is trend is slightly more controlled by surface property, while background climate plays a more dominant role in regulating global daytime Ic trend. At night, both global Is and Ic trends are mainly controlled by background climate.
Cardiovascular health and proximity to urban oil drilling in Los Angeles, California
Authors: Johnston Jill E. , Quist Arbor J. L. , Navarro Sandy , Farzan Shohreh F. , Shamasunder Bhavna
Published: August 2023

Background

Although ~18 million people live within a mile from active oil and gas development (OGD) sites in the United States, epidemiological research on how OGD affects the health of nearby urban residents is sparse. Thousands of OGD sites are spread across Los Angeles (LA) County, California, home to the largest urban oil production in the country. Air pollution and noise from OGD may contribute to cardiovascular morbidity.

Objective

We examined the association between proximity to OGD and blood pressure in a diverse cohort of residents in LA.

Methods

We recruited residents in South LA who lived <1 km from an OGD site. We collected three blood pressure measurements for each participant and used the second and third measurements to calculate averages for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) separately. We conducted multivariable linear regression to examine the relationship between distance to OGD sites and continuous SBP and DBP, adjusting for BMI, smoking status, distance to freeway, sex, age, and use of antihypertension medications, with a random effect for household. We examined effect measure modification by BMI category and smoking category.

Results

Among the 623 adult participants, we found that for every 100 meter increase in distance from the OGD site, DBP was reduced by an average of 0.73 mmHg (95% CI: −1.26, −0.21) in this population. We observed stronger effects of proximity to OGD site on DBP among never smokers and among participants with a healthy BMI. The associations observed between proximity to OGD site and SBP were weaker but followed the same patterns as those for DBP.

Impact

Our study suggests that living near urban oil drilling sites is significantly associated with greater diastolic blood pressure in urban Los Angeles communities. This research improves understanding of impacts from living nearby drilling operations on the health and welfare of this community, which is critical to inform public health relevant strategies.
ETS-1-activated LINC01016 over-expression promotes tumor progression via suppression of RFFL-mediated DHX9 ubiquitination degradation in breast cancers
Authors: Sun Ying , Zhang Hui , Ma Ranran , Guo Xiangyu , Zhang Guohao , Liu Sen , Zhu Wenjie , Liu Haiting , Gao Peng
Published: August 2023

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators during the development of breast cancer (BC) and thus may be viable treatment targets. In this study, we found that the expression of the long intergenic non-coding RNA 01016 (LINC01016) was significantly higher in BC tissue samples with positive lymph node metastasis. LINC01016, which is activated by the transcription factor ETS-1, contributes to the overt promotion of cell proliferation activity, enhanced cell migratory ability, S phase cell cycle arrest, and decreased apoptosis rate. By RNA pull-down assays and mass spectrometry analyses, we determined that LINC01016 competitively bound and stabilized DHX9 protein by preventing the E3 ubiquitin ligase RFFL from binding to DHX9, thereby inhibiting DHX9 proteasomal degradation. This ultimately led to an increase in intracellular DHX9 expression and activated PI3K/AKT signaling, with p-AKT, Bcl-2, and MMP-9 involvement. This is the first study to reveal that the LINC01016/DHX9/PI3K/AKT axis plays a critical role in the progression of BC, and thus, LINC01016 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for patients with BC.
Long-term ex situ normothermic perfusion of human split livers for more than 1 week
Authors: Lau Ngee-Soon , Ly Mark , Dennis Claude , Jacques Andrew , Cabanes-Creus Marti , Toomath Shamus , Huang Joanna , Mestrovic Nicole , Yousif Paul , Chanda Sumon , Wang Chuanmin , Lisowski Leszek , Liu Ken , Kench James G. , McCaughan Geoffrey , Crawford Michael , Pulitano Carlo
Published: August 2023

Current machine perfusion technology permits livers to be preserved ex situ for short periods to assess viability prior to transplant. Long-term normothermic perfusion of livers is an emerging field with tremendous potential for the assessment, recovery, and modification of organs. In this study, we aimed to develop a long-term model of ex situ perfusion including a surgical split and simultaneous perfusion of both partial organs. Human livers declined for transplantation were perfused using a red blood cell-based perfusate under normothermic conditions (36 °C) and then split and simultaneously perfused on separate machines. Ten human livers were split, resulting in 20 partial livers. The median ex situ viability was 125 h, and the median ex situ survival was 165 h. Long-term survival was demonstrated by lactate clearance, bile production, Factor-V production, and storage of adenosine triphosphate. Here, we report the long-term ex situ perfusion of human livers and demonstrate the ability to split and perfuse these organs using a standardised protocol.