bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional adaptations of the bacterial chaperone trigger factor to extreme environmental temperatures
Authors: Godin‐Roulling Amandine , Schmidpeter Philipp A. M. , Schmid Franz X. , Feller Georges
Published: November 2014

Trigger factor (TF) is the first molecular chaperone interacting cotranslationally with virtually all nascent polypeptides synthesized by the ribosome in bacteria. Thermal adaptation of chaperone function was investigated in TFs from the Antarctic psychrophile Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis, the mesophile Escherichia coli and the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima. This series covers nearly all temperatures encountered by bacteria. Although structurally homologous, these TFs display strikingly distinct properties that are related to the bacterial environmental temperature. The hyperthermophilic TF strongly binds model proteins during their folding and protects them from heat‐induced misfolding and aggregation. It decreases the folding rate and counteracts the fast folding rate imposed by high temperature. It also functions as a carrier of partially folded proteins for delivery to downstream chaperones ensuring final maturation. By contrast, the psychrophilic TF displays weak chaperone activities, showing that these functions are less important in cold conditions because protein folding, misfolding and aggregation are slowed down at low temperature. It efficiently catalyses prolyl isomerization at low temperature as a result of its increased cellular concentration rather than from an improved activity. Some chaperone properties of the mesophilic TF possibly reflect its function as a cold shock protein in E. coli.
A Proposed Scheme for Classifying Pediatric Rib Head Fractures Using Case Examples
Authors: Pinto Deborrah C. , Love Jennifer C. , Derrick Sharon M. , Wiersema Jason M. , Donaruma‐Kwoh Marcella , Greeley Christopher S.
Published: November 2014

Pediatric rib head fractures are typically described as “posterior” or “costovertebral,” terms lacking specificity. To resolve this issue, a scheme was developed to describe the location of rib head fractures observed in a pediatric forensic population. The scheme uses three anatomical landmarks, terminus (tip), tubercle, and costovertebral articular surface to divide the rib head into two subregions, costovertebral and costotransverse. Examples of five cases of infants with rib head fractures are presented using this scheme. Forty‐eight rib head fractures were observed in these infants with the following frequencies: 56% (three infants) at the terminus; 21% (three infants) in the costovertebral subregion; 21% (one infant) at the costovertebral articular facet; and 2% (one infant) in the costotransverse subregion. Due to the small number of cases assessed, statistical analyses could not be performed; however, the data demonstrate the variation in distribution of pediatric rib head fractures.
Implant Bone Integration Importance in Forensic Identification
Authors: De Angelis Danilo , Cattaneo Cristina
Published: November 2014

Odontological identification consists of the comparison of antemortem dental information regarding a missing person with postmortem data from an unidentified corpse or human remains. Usually, the comparison concerns morphologic features that the operator chooses among all the visible characteristics because of inter‐individual uniqueness; for this reason, implants can be of enormous assistance. A case concerning the recovery of a burnt oral implant, connected to a bone fragment, among 2780 charred bone fragments, suspected to have belonged to a victim of homicide, is presented to demonstrate that dental implants and their site of bone integration represent a very precious element for personal forensic identification. Because of their morphological invariability in time and because of their morphologic uniqueness, they were used as evidence to associate unidentified human charred remains to a missing person where DNA analysis failed to do so. The case illustrates the fundamental contribution, not yet described in literature, given by the clinical aspects of tooth replacement with dental implants to a forensic discipline. Clinical practitioners should therefore be aware of the great importance of their work and of dental records in a forensic identification scenario.
The Concierge Diaries: Research by Analogy
Authors: KOPEN DEREK
Published: November 2014

The Concierge has been a ubiquitous staple of the service industry for centuries. How has this industry stood the test of time, and what can we learn from the analog Concierge that might inform better digital experiences? Is there a ‘secret‐sauce’ that can be applied to other channels? In today's self‐service world, customer service personnel are being marginalized. As these individuals disappear, brands are increasingly claiming they offer digital Concierges in an attempt to reestablish longed‐for human connections. But can digital Concierges ever equal their human counterparts? Derek Kopen sees an opportunity to learn from the century‐old craft of the hotel Concierge and examine how looking at analogies can inform digital strategy. Through his Concierge research, Derek presents a simple framework that can be used as a foundational model across any human service that digital is trying to enhance.
Pathfinder: An Adventure at the Intersection of Design and Business
Authors: MOHR ERICK
Published: November 2014

As the world becomes more complex the path from idea generation to execution becomes increasingly challenging. One of the main issues lies in the fact that in conventional strategic planning we tend to forecast what the future will be like, and build our business plans based on such predictions. However, in uncertain times it is very likely that our forecasts will be inaccurate, causing good propositions to get derailed very early on in the development process. How could we maximise our chances of success when developing new products and services? Pathfinder, a comics‐style hero will take us through simple approaches that reduce the risk of failure, while enhancing the value that ideas can bring to businesses. By relying on design thinking and lean approaches, he will show how we can prototype and validate business models, ensuring we design propositions that are not only desirable, but also economically feasible.
Community Centered Design: Evolving the Mission of the Creative Industry
Authors: WALLACE JACQUELINE
Published: November 2014

Focusing on the mid‐20th century, this paper explores the relationship between design and economics. Then, through the postwar emergence of user‐centered design, it explores the positive and negative outcomes that this dominant approach has had on larger social relations, specifically asking: How are the motivations influencing user‐centered design processes inherited by its products and their users? Using case studies and insights from design theorists, historians and practitioners, the paper calls for a new approach to industry lead design research and practices that evolves the question “how does this work for me?” to include “how does this work for us?”
Ethnography inside the Walls: Studying the Contested Space of the Cemetery
Authors: NIELSEN ANNIKA PORSBORG , GROES LINE
Published: November 2014

This paper discusses the merits and challenges of user‐centered urban development projects, and what it means to apply an ethnographic approach to the study of urban spaces and the way people use them. We draw primarily on an ethnographic project carried out in two cemeteries in Copenhagen. The project focused on the involvement of local citizens – both everyday users of the cemeteries, as well as locals who do not use these urban spaces. We discuss the challenges and opportunities of ethnography in a complex space such as a cemetery, and consider additional ways to incoporate citizens into projects that have a direct impact on their lives. We conclude with a discussion of the project learnings and their implications for future urban planning.
On Empathy, and Not Feeling It
Authors: ROMAIN TIFFANY , JOHNSON TRACY PILAR , GRIFFIN MIKE
Published: November 2014

Recently Tracy was asked whether a plan to have everyone in the office go about their day with an “impairment” would be a good way to “practice empathy” and learn more about assistive technology usage. Her response was that while wearing prosthetics demonstrates the shock of becoming impaired, it is questionable what it reveals about living a full life with an impairment. “Empathy” is getting around, especially in the worlds of design thinking, start‐ups, and technology. But in these varied contexts, what does empathy really mean? Such questions led us to explore empathy as a method, attribute, and commodity, in turn raising more questions. When we generate and spread “empathy,” are we participating in creating a veneer of care that obscures tensions between consumers and businesses, and ultimately, value extraction? If so, can we improve how we inspire the corporate imagination, and the ends to which that imagination is applied?
Well, That Was Awkward! The Value of Discomfort
Authors: CUCIUREAN‐ZAPAN MARTA , HANOVER EVAN
Published: November 2014

The awkward pause, the impolite topic, and the embarrassing moment are occupational hazards for the ethnographer. Rather than shun these uncomfortable moments and get back to the smooth, seamless business of research, we should embrace and reflect upon them; they can be invaluable. In this presentation, we will present a study focused on developing and improving resources designed for students who are visually impaired. In the course of this project, we encountered all manner of discomfort as we found our fully sighted understanding of the world challenged by our participants' experiences. This proved to be a major empathy hurdle, which we only began to resolve once we accounted for our own discomfort as data, and not simply an inconvenient emotional side effect to be swept aside to achieve a kind of ideal objectivity.
Effect of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) on Growth Control of Clostridium perfringens and Lipid Oxidation of Ready‐to‐Eat Jokbal (Pig's Trotters)
Authors: Park Hee Jin , Park Keun‐Cheol , Yoon Ki Sun
Published: November 2014

This study investigated the antimicrobial effects of rooibos (tea extract), potassium lactate (PL) and sodium diacetate (SDA) mixture alone or in combinations on the growth of Clostridium perfringens vegetative cell and spore in ready‐to‐eat (RTE) Jokbal (pig's trotters). Addition of a combination of 10% rooibos and 4% PL + SDA inhibit growth of C. perfringens vegetative cell in Jokbal at 24 °C and 36 °C. The significant inhibition on germination and growth of C. perfringens spores was also observed in Jokbal with a combination of 10% rooibos and 4% PL + SDA (PL: 2.24%, SDA: 0.16%) at 24 °C. The Jokbal treated with 10% rooibos and 4% PL + SDA mixture had significantly (P < 0.05) lower TBARS values than the control at 10 and 24 °C. The lipid oxidation inhibition effect was the highest (P < 0.05) in anaerobic packed Jokbal with 10% rooibos. The addition of a combination of 10% rooibos and 4% PL + SDA during the processing of Jokbal prevented the growth of C. perfringens and the germination and growth of C. perfringens spores at room temperature. This study shows rooibos tea as a valuable natural food preservative in meat products.
Developmental guidelines for good chairside teaching – a consensus report from two conferences
Authors: Wilson J. , Sweet J. , Pugsley L.
Published: November 2014

Developmental Guidelines for Chairside Teaching are a direct outcome of 10 years of research, originally prompted by feedback from undergraduate dental students who not only thought that the teaching they received was uneven and variable in quality, but also felt strongly that they learned more with educationally trained teachers than those with little or no teacher training. Workshops embracing the views of teaching colleagues from many other Dental Schools produced a consensus view that developmental guidelines for teachers would provide a valuable resource. A conference to consider all aspects on chairside teaching and learning was convened with delegates invited from all UK Dental Schools. This was subsequently followed by a second conference to develop specific guidelines for chairside teaching and learning. The Nominal Group Technique was used in the first chairside teaching conference, and Structured Small Expert Groups were used in the second. The overall consensus from these workshops and conferences were as follows: (i) developmental guidelines for chairside teaching can act as a useful resource for teachers to improve and maintain their standard of chairside teaching, (ii) developmental guidelines can be divided into themes of organisational issues and learner and teacher qualities, and (iii) Guidelines should be ‘developmental’ because they encourage chairside teachers to focus on the next immediate goal to maintain and improve quality and standards. These developmental guidelines could provide a universal toolkit for improved chairside teaching which would result in a better student learning experience. Set out in this way these guidelines have currency across academic and practical skills levels, different educational systems, philosophies and country boundaries.
Comparative analysis of colorimetric staining in skin using open‐source software
Authors: Billings Paul C. , Sanzari Jenine K. , Kennedy Ann R. , Cengel Keith A. , Seykora John T.
Published: November 2014

Colorimetric staining techniques such as immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and histochemistry (HC) provide useful information regarding the localization and relative amount of a molecule/substance in skin. We have developed a novel, straightforward method to assess colorimetric staining by combining features from two open‐source software programs. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate the utility of this approach by analysing changes in skin melanin deposition during the radiation‐induced tanning response of Yucatan mini‐pigs. This method includes a visualization step to validate the accuracy of colour selection before quantitation to ensure accuracy. The data show that this method is robust and will provide a means to obtain accurate comparative analyses of staining in IHC/IF/HC samples.
Oxygen Resistance Sensor Properties of YBaCo4O7+δ and Y0.5Tb0.5BaCo4O7+δ
Authors: Wang Kunlun , Chen Yubo , Hu Xing , Song Hongzhang , He Qinglin
Published: November 2014

The oxygen resistance sensor properties of YBaCo4O7+δ and Y0.5Tb0.5BaCo4O7+δ ceramic bulk samples as well as Y0.5Tb0.5BaCo4O7+δ thick film were investigated. The electrical resistance change of the samples in switching O2/N2 atmosphere at constant temperatures 350°C and 385°C was measured in a tube furnace using the standard four‐probe method. The results show that when the atmosphere is shifted from nitrogen to oxygen, the resistance of all samples drops owing to oxygen adsorption. Among the three samples, the Y0.5Tb0.5BaCo4O7+δ ceramic has the fastest response speed. While the Y0.5Tb0.5BaCo4O7+δ film has the highest sensitivity, its resistance in N2 is 3 times more as in O2. In addition, the electrical resistance change of the samples was also investigated in a temperature cycle between 350°C and 410°C.
A Predictive Model for Listeria monocytogenes in UHT Dairy Products with Various Fat Content during Cold Storage
Authors: Lobacz Adriana , Kowalik Jaroslaw
Published: November 2014

The growth of Listeria monocytogenes was determined in Ultra‐High‐Temperature (UHT) dairy products (2% milk, 12 and 30% cream) at temperature range of 3–15C. Microbiological data were fitted to primary models (the Baranyi model, the modified Gompertz and logistic functions). The goodness‐of‐fit of primary models was analyzed by calculating mean square error and Akaike's information criterion. Baranyi model yielded the most accurate adjustment and the growth rates generated by this model were used for further mathematical analyses. Analysis of variance was used to check if the fat content significantly (P < 0.05) influences the behavior of L. monocytogenes. No statistical differences were noted in the behavior of the pathogen. Microbiological growth data were combined and secondary modeling was performed using Ratkowsky, Arrhenius and polynomial models. The latter model gave the best description and was further validated using accuracy (Af) and bias (Bf) factors, as well as data from ComBase database and COMBASE Predictor.

Practical Applications

Mathematical models that describe the behavior of microorganisms, especially foodborne pathogens, in a particular product or group of food products with similar characteristics, pose a perspective of using predictive microbiology in order to increase the food safety. Application of predictive models is in agreement with Codex Alimentarius Commission and UE regulations in a risk analysis area. Presented results can be used by food manufacturers in food product development process, as well as a tool to support food safety assurance systems. Moreover, predictive models find practical application in Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plans providing useful information on the determination of critical control points (CCPs) and the estimation of critical limits at CCPs. The assessment and management of safety, quality and shelf life of food products can be facilitated by application of mathematical predictive models.
Primary central nervous system angiosarcoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: La Corte Emanuele , Acerbi Francesco , Schiariti Marco , Broggi Morgan , Maderna Emanuela , Pollo Bianca , Nunziata Raffaele , Maccagnano Elio , Ferroli Paolo
Published: November 2014

Angiosarcoma is a rare vascular malignant neoplasm that mainly occurs in skin and soft tissues. Intracranial localization is very rare and only a few cases have been reported. This report intends to present the clinical, radiological and pathological pictures of a primary central nervous system angiosarcoma along with a review of the literature. A 35‐year‐old woman presented at our institution with weakness and sensory disturbances of her right hand. Neuroimaging revealed a roughly round, hemorrhagic and moderately enhancing lesion in the left frontal posterior region. The tumor was totally removed under awake anesthesia and continuous monitoring of motor and language functions. Histopathology revealed an epithelioid angiosarcoma. Radical removal, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is able to completely control the disease for a relatively long period.
Plant lignin content altered by soil microbial community
Authors: Bennett Alison E. , Grussu Dominic , Kam Jason , Caul Sandra , Halpin Claire
Published: November 2014

Questions have been raised in various fields of research about the consequences of plants with modified lignin production. As a result of their roles in nutrient cycling and plant diversity, plant–soil interactions should be a major focus of ecological studies on lignin‐modified plants. However, most studies have been decomposition studies conducted in a single soil or in sterile soil. Thus, we understand little about plant–soil interactions in living lignin‐modified plants.

In lignin mutants of three different barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars and their corresponding wild‐types associated with three different soil microbial communities, we asked: do plant–soil microbiome interactions influence the lignin content of plants?; does a mutation in lignin production alter the outcome of plant–soil microbiome interactions?; does the outcome of plant–soil microbiome interactions depend on host genotype or the presence of a mutation altering lignin production?

In roots, the soil community explained 6% of the variation in lignin content, but, in shoots, the soil community explained 21% of the variation in lignin content and was the only factor influencing lignin content. Neither genotype nor mutations in lignin production explained associations with fungi.

Lignin content changes in response to a plant's soil microbial community, and may be a defensive response to particular components of the soil community.
Postoperative Rehabilitation After Hip Arthroscopy: A Search for the Evidence
Authors: Cheatham Scott W. , Enseki Keelan R. , Kolber Morey J.
Published: November 2014

Context:

Hip arthroscopy has become an increasingly popular option for active individuals with recalcitrant hip pain. Conditions that may be addressed through hip arthroscopy include labral pathology, femoral acetabular impingement, capsular hyperlaxity, ligamentum teres tears, and the presence of intra-articular bodies. Although the body of literature examining operative procedures has grown, there is a paucity of evidence specifically on the efficacy of postoperative rehabilitation programs. To date, there are no systematic reviews that have evaluated the available evidence on postoperative rehabilitation.

Objective:

To evaluate the available evidence on postoperative rehabilitation programs after arthroscopy of the hip joint.

Evidence Acquisition:

A search of the PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases was conducted in January 2014 according the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for reporting systematic reviews.

Evidence Synthesis:

Six studies met the inclusion criteria and were either case series or case reports (level 4 evidence) that described a 4- or 5-phase postoperative rehabilitation program. The available evidence supports a postoperative period of restricted weight bearing and mobility; however, the specific interventions in the postoperative phases are variable with no comparison trials.

Conclusion:

This review identified a paucity of evidence on postoperative rehabilitation after hip arthroscopy. Existing reports are descriptive in nature, so the superiority of a particular approach cannot be determined. One can surmise from existing studies that a 4- to 5-stage program with an initial period of weight-bearing and mobility precautions is efficacious in regard to function, patient satisfaction, and return to competitive-level athletics. Clinicians may consider such a program as a general guideline but should individualize treatment according to the surgical procedure and surgeon guidelines. Future research should focus on comparative trials to determine the effect of specific postoperative rehabilitation designs.
Biospleen for Removing Bad “Humors” in Sepsis
Authors: Dela Cruz Charles S.
Published: November 2014

A biospleen may filter blood from septic patients to remove circulating pathogens and their inflammatory by-products.
Cholesterol Therapy That’s Not Chopped Liver
Authors: Bhardwaj Anshu
Published: November 2014

The cholesterol drug ezetimibe significantly reduced liver disease in mice fed with a high-fat diet.
QseC Inhibitors as an Antivirulence Approach for Gram-Negative Pathogens
Authors: Curtis Meredith M. , Russell Regan , Moreira Cristiano G. , Adebesin Adeniyi M. , Wang Changguang , Williams Noelle S. , Taussig Ron , Stewart Don , Zimmern Philippe , Lu Biao , Prasad Ravi N. , Zhu Chen , Rasko David A. , Huntley Jason F. , Falck John R. , Sperandio Vanessa
Published: November 2014

Invasive pathogens interface with the host and its resident microbiota through interkingdom signaling. The bacterial receptor QseC, which is a membrane-bound histidine sensor kinase, responds to the host stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine and the bacterial signal AI-3, integrating interkingdom signaling at the biochemical level. Importantly, the QseC signaling cascade is exploited by many bacterial pathogens to promote virulence. Here, we translated this basic science information into development of a potent small molecule inhibitor of QseC, LED209. Extensive structure activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that LED209 is a potent prodrug that is highly selective for QseC. Its warhead allosterically modifies lysines in QseC, impairing its function and preventing the activation of the virulence program of several Gram-negative pathogens both
in vitro
and during murine infection. LED209 does not interfere with pathogen growth, possibly leading to a milder evolutionary pressure toward drug resistance. LED209 has desirable pharmacokinetics and does not present toxicity
in vitro
and in rodents. This is a unique antivirulence approach, with a proven broad-spectrum activity against multiple Gram-negative pathogens that cause mammalian infections.

IMPORTANCE
There is an imminent need for development of novel treatments for infectious diseases, given that one of the biggest challenges to medicine in the foreseeable future is the emergence of microbial antibiotic resistance. Here, we devised a broad-spectrum antivirulence approach targeting a conserved histidine kinase, QseC, in several Gram-negative pathogens that promotes their virulence expression. The LED209 QseC inhibitor has a unique mode of action by acting as a prodrug scaffold to deliver a warhead that allosterically modifies QseC, impeding virulence in several Gram-negative pathogens.
Adrenocortical carcinoma mimicking lung cancer and responding to vinorelbine/carboplatin and pemetrexed/carboplatin
Authors: Røe Oluf Dimitri , Oppegaard Per Arne , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth , Svindland Aud
Published: November 2014

Adrenocortical carcinoma is an aggressive cancer, with an incidence of 0.5–2 per million. We present a case of adrenocortical carcinoma with all the clinical and partly immunohistochemical features of disseminated undifferentiated lung cancer, and ‘accidentally’ treated as such. Four cycles of carboplatin–vinorelbine conferred partial response in the adrenal, lung and disappearance of a 2 cm subcutaneous iliac nodule that had appeared suddenly before the first course. Owing to progression, four cycles of carboplatin–pemetrexed were administered inducing partial response and then stable disease for an additional 12 months. As fluoro-d-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) only showed activity in the adrenal, laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed. Three months later FDG-PET revealed a lung nodule unresponsive to carboplatin–pemetrexed, removed by wedge resection. Finally, re-evaluation by a tertiary centre confirmed adrenocortical carcinoma with Ki67—50% in the adrenal and the lung. The patient is alive and tumour free almost 3.5 years after retrospective diagnosis of metastatic adrenocortical cancer.
Myocardial infarction following cannabis induced coronary vasospasm
Authors: Gunawardena Mudalige Don Vajira Malin , Rajapakse Senaka , Herath Jagath , Amarasena Naomali
Published: November 2014

Smoking cannabis is a rare cause of myocardial infarction. We report a 29-year-old man who presented with acute coronary syndrome following consumption of a type of cannabis with the street name ‘Kerala Ganja’. KG is smuggled into Sri Lanka from India; it is grown in the south Indian state of Kerala and is much more potent than the local ganja (marijuana). The patient developed dynamic ST-segment elevations in different leads in sequential ECGs, corresponding to different coronary artery territories. Coronary angiogram did not demonstrate evidence of occlusive atherosclerotic disease, but showed slow flow down the left anterior descending artery, which improved with administration of intracoronary nitrates. The patient’s cardiac biomarkers were significantly elevated. A diagnosis was made of vasospasm causing myocardial infarction, most likely to have been triggered by cannabis consumption. We highlight the importance of considering this possible aetiology, particularly in patients with ACS with a susceptible social profile.
Oral health of elite athletes and association with performance: a systematic review
Authors: Ashley P , Di Iorio A , Cole E , Tanday A , Needleman I
Published: November 2014

Background

We aimed to systematically review the epidemiology of oral disease and trauma in the elite athlete population and to investigate the impact of oral health on sporting performance.

Methods

Authors searched Ovid MEDLINE (1950 to October 2013), Ovid EMBASE (1980 to October 2013), EBSCO SPORTDiscus (up to October 2013) and OpenGrey (http://www.opengrey.eu). No date or language restrictions were applied. Papers were included if they evaluated the oral health of professional athletes. The methodological quality of papers was evaluated using a modification of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Results

The literature search led to 9858 potentially relevant citations. Following a set of predefined exclusion criteria, 34 studies remained. Twenty-six studies reported on dental trauma, which ranged in prevalence from 14% to 47% varying by sport and country. Sixteen studies considered the oral health of athletes and reported high prevalence of oral diseases: dental caries 15–75%, dental erosion 36–85%, periodontal disease 15%. In four studies, a range between 5% and 18% of athletes reported negative impact of oral health or trauma on performance. The methodological quality of included studies was generally low.

Conclusions

Within the limits of the review, oral health of athletes is poor. We hypothesise that poor oral health associates with self-reported performance; however, this needs to be tested. Further studies on representative samples of athletes are needed to assess the size of the problem of poor oral health as well as to investigate the possible impact on performance using objective measures of performance.
Impact of maternal age on obstetric and neonatal outcome with emphasis on primiparous adolescents and older women: a Swedish Medical Birth Register Study
Authors: Blomberg Marie , Birch Tyrberg Rasmus , Kjølhede Preben
Published: November 2014

Objectives

To evaluate the associations between maternal age and obstetric and neonatal outcomes in primiparous women with emphasis on teenagers and older women.

Design

A population-based cohort study.

Setting

The Swedish Medical Birth Register.

Participants

Primiparous women with singleton births from 1992 through 2010 (N=798 674) were divided into seven age groups: <17 years, 17–19 years and an additional five 5-year classes. The reference group consisted of the women aged 25–29 years.

Primary outcome

Obstetric and neonatal outcome.

Results

The teenager groups had significantly more vaginal births (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.04 (1.79 to 2.32) and 1.95 (1.88 to 2.02) for age <17 years and 17–19 years, respectively); fewer caesarean sections (aOR 0.57 (0.48 to 0.67) and 0.55 (0.53 to 0.58)), and instrumental vaginal births (aOR 0.43 (0.36 to 0.52) and 0.50 (0.48 to 0.53)) compared with the reference group. The opposite was found among older women reaching a fourfold increased OR for caesarean section. The teenagers showed no increased risk of adverse neonatal outcome but presented an increased risk of prematurity <32 weeks (aOR 1.66 (1.10 to 2.51) and 1.20 (1.04 to 1.38)). Women with advancing age (≥30 years) revealed significantly increased risk of prematurity, perineal lacerations, preeclampsia, abruption, placenta previa, postpartum haemorrhage and unfavourable neonatal outcomes compared with the reference group.

Conclusions

For clinicians counselling young women it is of importance to highlight the obstetrically positive consequences that fewer maternal complications and favourable neonatal outcomes are expected. The results imply that there is a need for individualising antenatal surveillance programmes and obstetric care based on age grouping in order to attempt to improve the outcomes in the age groups with less favourable obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Such changes in surveillance programmes and obstetric interventions need to be evaluated in further studies.
Daytime napping, sleep duration and serum C reactive protein: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Leng Yue , Ahmadi-Abhari Sara , Wainwright Nick W J , Cappuccio Francesco P , Surtees Paul G , Luben Robert , Brayne Carol , Khaw Kay-Tee
Published: November 2014

Objectives

To explore whether daytime napping and sleep duration are linked to serum C reactive protein (CRP), a pro-inflammatory marker, in an older aged British population.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk study.

Participants

A total of 5018 men and women aged 48–92 years reported their sleep habits and had serum CRP levels measured.

Outcome and measures

CRP was measured (mg/L) during 2006–2011 in fresh blood samples using high-sensitivity methods. Participants reported napping habits during 2002–2004, and reported sleep quantity during 2006–2007. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between napping and log-transformed CRP, and geometric mean CRP levels were calculated.

Results

After adjustment for age and sex, those who reported napping had 10% higher CRP levels compared with those not napping. The association was attenuated but remained borderline significant (β=0.05 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.10)) after further adjustment for social class, education, marital status, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, self-reported health, pre-existing diseases, systolic blood pressure, hypnotic drug use, depression and in women-only hormone replacement therapy use. The geometric means (95% CI) of CRP levels were 2.38 (2.29 to 2.47) mg/L and 2.26 (2.21 to 2.32) mg/L for those who reported napping and no napping, respectively. A U-shaped association was observed between time spent in bed at night and CRP levels, and nighttime sleep duration was not associated with serum CRP levels. The association between napping and CRP was stronger for older participants, and among extremes of time spent in bed at night.

Conclusions

Daytime napping was associated with increased CRP levels in an older aged British population. Further studies are needed to determine whether daytime napping is a cause for systemic inflammation, or if it is a symptom or consequence of underlying health problems.
CYP2J2 attenuates metabolic dysfunction in diabetic mice by reducing hepatic inflammation via the PPARγ
Authors: Li Rui , Xu Xizhen , Chen Chen , Wang Yan , Gruzdev Artiom , Zeldin Darryl C. , Wang Dao Wen
Published: November 2014

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and arachidonic acid-derived cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase metabolites have diverse biological effects, including anti-inflammatory properties in the vasculature. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation in type 2 diabetes is a key component in the development of insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated whether CYP epoxygenase expression and exogenous EETs can attenuate insulin resistance in diabetic db/db mice and in cultured hepatic cells (HepG2). In vivo, CYP2J2 expression and the accompanying increase in EETs attenuated insulin resistance, as determined by plasma glucose levels, glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies. CYP2J2 expression reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines in liver, including CRP, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα, and decreased the infiltration of macrophages in liver. CYP2J2 expression also decreased activation of proinflammatory signaling cascades by decreasing NF-κB and MAPK activation in hepatocytes. Interestingly, CYP2J2 expression and exogenous EET treatment increased glucose uptake and activated the insulin-signaling cascade both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that CYP2J2 metabolites play a role in glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, CYP2J2 expression upregulated PPARγ, which has been shown to induce adipogenesis, which attenuates dyslipidemias observed in diabetes. All of the findings suggest that CYP2J2 expression attenuates the diabetic phenotype and insulin resistance via inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and activation of PPARγ.
Mannich Bases: An Important Pharmacophore in Present Scenario
Authors: Bala Suman , Sharma Neha , Kajal Anu , Kamboj Sunil , Saini Vipin
Published: November 2014

Mannich bases are the end products of Mannich reaction and are known as beta-amino ketone carrying compounds. Mannich reaction is a carbon-carbon bond forming nucleophilic addition reaction and is a key step in synthesis of a wide variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and so forth. Mannich reaction is important for the construction of nitrogen containing compounds. There is a number of aminoalkyl chain bearing Mannich bases like fluoxetine, atropine, ethacrynic acid, trihexyphenidyl, and so forth with high curative value. The literature studies enlighten the fact that Mannich bases are very reactive and recognized to possess potent diverse activities like anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antifilarial, antibacterial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, antitubercular, analgesic, anti-HIV, antimalarial, antipsychotic, antiviral activities and so forth. The biological activity of Mannich bases is mainly attributed toα,β-unsaturated ketone which can be generated by deamination of hydrogen atom of the amine group.
The Utility of Rapid On-Site Evaluation on Endobronchial Ultrasound Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration: Does It Make a Difference?
Authors: Wong Raymond W. M. , Thai Alesha , Khor Yet H. , Ireland-Jenkin Kerryn , J. Lanteri Celia , Jennings Barton R.
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of using rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) for samples taken during endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) at Austin Health, Victoria. This was compared to data collected for cases performed without ROSE. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 188 consecutive patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA from May 2012 to July 2014 whose data was collected prospectively at the time of the procedure. The presence of a cytologist during ROSE resulted in a significant reduction in the number of lesions sampled [mean: 1.5 ± 0.7 (1, 4) versus 1.9 ± 0.8 (1, 4), P = 0.0020] and the number of TBNAs required per case [mean: 3.6 ± 1.4 (1, 8) versus 4.2 ± 1.5 (1, 8), P = 0.0017]. This could potentially result in a shorter procedure time and, ultimately, a reduction in complication rate. The quality of the samples obtained during EBUS-TBNA with ROSE was higher. A larger proportion of samples yielded a satisfactory cell block allowing the potential benefit of additional pathology testing including immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology. In summary, the use of ROSE during EBUS-TBNA was superior to off-site cytological assessment of bronchoscopy specimens.
Multiplicity of Positive Solutions for a Second-Order Elliptic System of Kirchhoff Type
Authors: Khademloo S. , Valipour E. , Babakhani A.
Published: November 2014

We study elliptic problems of Kirchhoff type inΩ⊂RN  (N≥3). Using variational tools, we establish the existence of at least two nontrivial and nonnegative solutions.
Preparation and Properties of Polymer/Vermiculite Hybrid Superabsorbent Reinforced by Fiber for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Jin Fayang , Liu Rui , Pu Wanfen , Wen Cailin
Published: November 2014

A series of polymer/clay hybrid superabsorbent composites (SACFs) comprising acrylamide, acrylic acid, sodium 2-acrylamido-tetradecyl sulfonate, fiber, and vermiculite byin situintercalation and exfoliated method was successfully synthesized. The structure of SACFs was characterized by IR, SXRD, and SEM measurements. Much notable absorbency for SACF-2 was observed compared to that for SACF-1 in the absence of hydrophobic group in the high cationic solution due to the alkyl carbon chain and sulfonic acid group of hydrophobic moistures protecting the cations from attacking the carboxylate groups. What is more, high temperature fiber which acts as bridge connection for the polymeric network structure enhanced both toughness and strength for SACF-4 in the harsh conditions. At the total dissolved substance of 212000 mg/L for Tarim Basin injected water and the temperature of 120°C, desired absorbency as well as water retaining property for SACF-4 was observed during the long period of thermal ageing. Core flooding experiments demonstrated that SACFs could migrate as amoeba in the porous medium and accumulated in the narrow channel to adjust injection profile, promoting the subsequent water diverting into the unswept zones. Finally, characteristic parameters for SACFs calculated from flooding experiment further confirmed these polymer/clay hybrid composites reinforced by fiber would have robust application in the mature oilfield for profile control.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Unplanned Conversion from Off-Pump to On-Pump Beating Heart Coronary Artery Revascularization in Patients with Compromised Left Ventricular Function
Authors: Tsaousi Georgia , Pitsis Antonis A. , Ioannidis George D. , Vasilakos Dimitrios G.
Published: November 2014

Aim. To comparably assess the perioperative risk factors that differentiate off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting cases from those sustaining unplanned conversion to on-pump beating heart (ONCAB/BH) approach, in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40%.Methods. Perioperative variables were retrospectively assessed in 216 patients with LVEF < 40%, who underwent myocardial revascularization with OPCAB (n=171) or ONCAB/BH (n=45) approach. The study endpoints were operative mortality (30-day) and morbidity assessed by length of intensive care unit stay (LOS-ICU), using 2 days as cut-off point.Results. Poor LVEF, increased EuroSCORE II, acute presentation, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, perioperative renal impairment, clinical status deterioration upon admission and during ICU stay, acute myocardial infarction, and low cardiac output syndrome supported by inotropes and/or balloon-pump counterpulsation were significantly related to ONCAB/BH group (P<0.05). EuroSCORE II (P=0.01) and LVEF (P=0.03) were the most powerful discriminative predictors of intraoperative conversion to ONCAB/BH. Operative mortality was 2.9% in OPCAB and 6.6% in ONCAB/BH group (P=0.224), while 23.4% participants in OPCAB and 42.2% in ONCAB/BH approach had a LOS-ICU > 2 days (P=0.007).Conclusions. Patients with LVEF < 40% undergoing ONCAB/BH are subjected to more preoperative comorbidities and implicated ICU stay than their OPCAB counterparts, which influences adversely short-term morbidity, while operative mortality remains unaffected.
Use of Pharmacologic Agents for Modulation of Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury after Hepatectomy: A Questionnaire Study of the LiverMetSurvey International Registry of Hepatic Surgery Units
Authors: Jegatheeswaran Santhalingam , Jamdar Saurabh , Satyadas Thomas , Sheen Aali J. , Adam Rene , Siriwardena Ajith K.
Published: November 2014

Objectives. This study is a questionnaire survey on the use of pharmacological agents to modify liver ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases with the target population being those units participating in the LiverMetSurvey international registry. Methods. Members of LiverMetSurvey were sent an online questionnaire using SurveyMonkey comprising ten questions on the use of pharmacological agents to modulate hepatic IR injury in the perioperative period after hepatectomy. The questionnaire was sent to 446 clinicians registered with the LiverMetSurvey. There were 83 (19%) respondents. Results. Fifty-two (77% of 68 respondents to this question) never used pharmacological agents to modify liver IR injury during hepatectomy. Thirteen (19%) used pharmacological agents selectively. Three (4%) used these routinely. N-Acetylcysteine was the most widely used pharmacological agent with equal distribution of use around intraoperative and postoperative periods. Conclusions. This is believed to be the first survey on the use of pharmacological agents to modify liver IR injury. The target population is clinicians involved in liver resection. The results show that pharmacological modulation is used by only a minority of respondents to this questionnaire and that when this treatment is selected, N-acetylcysteine is the most frequently used.
Factor XII (Hageman) Levels in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Ozgu-Erdinc A. Seval , Togrul Cihan , Aktulay Ayla , Buyukkagnici Umran , Yapar Eyi Elif Gul , Erkaya Salim
Published: November 2014

Objective. To evaluate factor XII levels in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in a tertiary referral hospital.Methods. Women who were referred to our hospital for two consecutive abortions or three abortions in between 2007 and 2013 were included in this retrospective observational study. Women were further grouped according to factor XII levels, as <60% and ≥60%.Results. Mean factor XII level was 109.1 ± 35.7% (range: 9–200). Ninety-three (7.4%) women had factor XII levels < 60%. Mean factor XII level was 44.8 ± 13.1, and levels ranged between 9 and 60 in this group. Only one woman had factor XII level < 10 %. Remaining 1164 (92.6%) women had factor XII levels ≥ 60%. Mean factor XII level was 114.3 ± 31.7, and levels ranged between 60.3 and 200 in this group, while 1015 (72.4%) women had factor XII levels within the normal range (60%–150% [100% = 30 μg/mL]).Conclusion. Decreased activity of F-XII was diagnosed in 7.4% of women with RPL. We concluded factor XII deficiency that might be a rare but significant factor for RPL, and should be evaluated in women who are investigated for recurrent pregnancy loss.
A Case of Polyarteritis Nodosa Associated with Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Kouchi Maiko , Sato Shinji , Kamono Masahiro , Taoda Akiko , Iijima Kazuyuki , Mizuma Atsushi , Kitao Ruriko , Mihara Masatoshi , Ozawa Hideki , Ishihara Tadayuki , Takagi Atsushi , Suzuki Yasuo
Published: November 2014

A 77-year-old man suffering from prolonged fever of unknown origin and bilateral leg edema was referred to our hospital. On physical examination, he had fever, general fatigue, bilateral lower leg edema, and muscle weakness of the right upper extremity and left lower extremity. Neurological examination indicated motor and sensory disturbance. Electromyography revealed mononeuritis multiplex and myopathy. A biopsy of the left biceps muscle indicated necrotizing vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis. Considering all the data together, he was diagnosed as having polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and concurrent active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. His symptoms improved promptly on treatment with 50 mg of prednisolone. This case emphasizes the importance of CMV infection as one of possible etiologies of PAN and reports a therapeutic strategy for this syndrome.
Absolute and Relative Activity of Microencapsulated Natural Essential Oils against the Larvae of Carpet BeetleAnthrenus flavipies(LeConte)
Authors: Udakhe Jayant , Shrivastava Neeraj , Honade Smita , Banait Dhanashree , Sonawane Namita
Published: November 2014

This study focuses on finding natural ecofriendly alternatives to the existing commercialAnthrenus flavipiesresist chemicals. Eucalyptus, lavender, and citronella microcapsules were explored as natural alternatives. Chemical contents of microcapsules and fragrance releasing property were tested using gas chromatography. Absolute (proofing) and relative (repellent) activities of microcapsule treated fabrics were tested against the larvae of carpet beetleAnthrenus flavipies(LeConte). Proofing activity test results revealed that natural essential oils act as a deterrent forAnthrenus flavipies, but give lesser protection compared to commercial chemical permethrin. Repellency test results also affirmed these findings and it was observed thatAnthrenus flavipiesprefers to eat untreated fabric compared to its treated counterpart.