bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small Molecule Inhibitors
Authors: Selvakumar P. , Nathsharma Santosh Kumar , Bhattacharya Sumanta
Published: December 2024

Small molecule inhibitors represent a cornerstone of modern pharmaceutical and biomedical research, offering targeted therapeutic interventions against a wide array of diseases by modulating specific molecular targets within cells. Defined by their molecular size, typically less than 900 daltons, these compounds interact selectively with proteins, enzymes, receptors, or other biomolecules involved in disease pathways. The concept of small molecule inhibition revolves around disrupting or altering the activity of these targets, thereby influencing cellular processes critical for disease progression. This approach contrasts with traditional therapeutics like antibodies, which are larger and often target extracellular or membrane-bound proteins. Small molecule inhibitors, due to their size and chemical properties, possess advantages such as oral bioavailability, ease of formulation, and potential for crossing cellular membranes to reach intracellular targets.This versatility makes them particularly suitable for chronic diseases requiring long-term treatment regimens.
The Influence of the Solid Phase on the Properties of Foam Concrete
Authors: Martynov Volodymyr , Vyrovoy Valeriy M. , Makarova Svitlana , Taichan Dmytro
Published: December 2024

An overview of literary sources related to the formation and development of the technology of aerated concrete is given. It is shown and systematized in which directions scientific research aimed at improving their functional properties was conducted. It is noted that almost all researchers associate the dependence of the properties of porous concrete with the character of their porosity. The conducted analysis allowed the authors to hypothesize that the properties of aerated concrete are exclusively determined by the nature of the distribution of the solid phase, that is, by the nature of its structure. Determination of the influence of the solid phase and its nature on the properties of aerated concrete is devoted to experimental studies. They were conducted in two stages. At the first, when applying physical modeling, the effect of the total porosity and water consumption of the dry mixture on the change in the nature of the solid phase of the model was studied. Internal interfaces between structural elements are taken as characteristics of the solid phase - their total length and width. It is shown that the water consumption of the mixture has different effects on materials with a dense and porous structure. At the next stage of experimental research, the influence of the water consumption of the mortar mixture on its strength (strength of the matrix material) and the strength of foam concrete was studied. The initial rheological conditions of the formation of the structure were changed by changing the size and amount of filler, changing the amount of liquid and plasticizing additives. The results of the experiments confirmed that the initial rheological conditions have different effects on the materials of dense and porous structure. Under certain conditions, in materials with a porous structure (in foam concrete), an increase in the water-solid ratio leads to an increase in the strength of concrete. Which indicates that with such water consumption, more favorable conditions are created for the formation of a porous structure, which is reproduced on the character of the solid phase. The given results confirm the given hypothesis and can be used in the synthesis of new building materials, including with the use of artificial intelligence.
Evaluating Physical Properties of Biochar-Modified Bitumen: An MCDM Approach Using TOPSIS and VIKOR
Authors: Balotiya Ghanshyam , Gaur Arun , Somani Prakash , Sain Amit , Bairwa Suresh Chand
Published: December 2024

Bitumen is essential in road construction due to its binding properties, water resistance, and durability, ensuring stable and long-lasting pavements. This study explores the potential of using agricultural waste, specifically biochar, to enhance bituminous materials. Biochar was added to bitumen in increments of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15% by weight to make biochar modified bitumen (BMB). The results showed that biochar increased the softening point, viscosity, and flash and fire points, indicating improved thermal stability and deformation resistance. Conversely, ductility and penetration values decreased, resulting in a harder, less flexible bitumen with better wear and indentation resistance. The modified bitumen was prepared at 160-180°C using a high shear mixer at 4000 rpm for 30 minutes and tested per IS code standards. To identify the optimal biochar-bitumen mix, Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) tools such as TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and VIKOR were used. These tools provided a comprehensive ranking system to determine the best-performing composition. The study demonstrates that biochar significantly enhances bitumen's properties, making it a viable option for more sustainable and efficient road construction applications.
Analysis of Fatigue Crack Propagation in AISI 4140 Steel with Multi-Austempering Treatment
Authors: Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Saragih David Tarade , Khan Krisna Ahmad , Matanari Samro , Sumardi Slamet , Supriadi Harnowo , Badaruddin Mohammad
Published: December 2024

This study examines the fatigue crack propagation behaviour of AISI 4140 steel subjected to multi-austempering heat treatments. Tensile test and fatigue crack propagation (FCP) specimens were prepared in accordance with ASTM E8 and ASTM E647, respectively. Multi-austempering was carried out by heating the specimen to an austenite temperature for 10 min using an induction heating coil. The specimen was then immersed in a salt bath for each isothermal transformation time of 60 min at three austempering temperature levels from 312°C to 412°C with a temperature increase of 50°C. Tensile and fatigue crack growth tests were performed on both annealed and multi-austempered specimens. It is observed that the multi-austempering heat treatment significantly improves the tensile properties and the FCP properties of AISI 4140 steel. Microstructural observations indicate that the bainitic phase and the retained austenite increase the tensile strength and reduce the fatigue crack propagation rate (da/dN). It is found that the bainitic structures are an effective barrier in reducing fatigue crack propagation as the fatigue loading cycle increases
Problems of Concrete Protection against Biogenic Sulfuric Acid Aggression by Means of Polymer Coatings
Authors: Iurchenko Valentina , Melnikova Oksana , Teliura Natalia
Published: December 2024

The work is devoted to the determination of the causes of destruction of organic polymer coatings designed to protect concrete structures in sewer collectors from microbiological sulfuric acid corrosion. The breakage of these coatings occurred as a result of intensive expansion of concrete under the coating, which indicated that mineral acid freely diffuses through the organic coating. To elucidate the causes of this phenomenon, a detailed analysis of the metabolites of the microbiocenosis that develops on the arch part of collectors was carried out. Among the organic substances identified were phospholipids, phthalic acid esters, alkanes, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. These organic compounds can attack the polymer coatings of concrete, making them permeable to sulfuric acid and therefore not effective in protecting concrete from biogenic sulfuric acid aggression. Therefore, it is necessary to test the effectiveness of polymer coatings not in model solutions of sulfuric acid, but with exposure of samples in an operating sewer collector.
Using Triaxial Geogrid in Reinforcing Crushed Rock Base Constructed on Soft Soil Subgrade
Authors: Poorahong Hatairat , Kruavit Pochara
Published: December 2024

This study examined the performance of an unpaved road reinforced with a triaxial geogrid built on a soft clay subgrade. The test setup featured a fully instrumented unpaved road model comprising a 0.2-m-thick crushed rock base supported by a 0.8-m-thick soft clay subgrade. The triaxial geogrid was positioned between the base and subgrade layers. Plate bearing tests were performed following ASTM standards. The thickness of the triaxial geogrid-reinforced base layer played a critical role in determining the unpaved road model’s ultimate bearing capacity and failure modes. Results showed that the reinforced model with a base layer of 0.2 m thick exhibited the highest bearing capacity compared with the unreinforced model, with an enhancement factor of 1.44. Furthermore, the reinforced section outperformed the unreinforced one, even with a reduced base thickness of 0.15 m. This suggests that triaxial geogrid reinforcement offers a viable solution for enhancing the sustainability of unpaved road construction on weak subgrades.
La consultazione psicologica come prima esperienza clinica trasformativa
Authors: Vanni Fabio , Bertoli Silvia
Published: December 2024

Viene qui proposto un modello di un passaggio del processo clinico che riteniamo rilevante e meritevole di una migliore considerazione fra gli addetti ai lavori. Considerazione e rilevanza che stanno crescendo peraltro, soprattutto nel mondo psicoanalitico. A fronte di questa centralità e della pluralità di modelli teorico-clinici oggi presenti riteniamo sia utile offrire un contributo che, tenendo conto di questa storia, faccia un passo avanti nella concettualizzazione di questo primo step del percorso clinico di ogni paziente. Per fare questo è necessario, a nostro parere, partire dalla messa a fuoco di due concetti, soggetto e cura, per poi collocare la consultazione entro questo perimetro dandole un posto specifico. Pur riconoscendo la peculiarità della consultazione quando interessa alcune età specifiche, infanzia e adolescenza in particolare – età che hanno suggerito alcune delle concettualizzazioni più innovative e note della consultazione, alle quali si farà breve cenno – il presente scritto vuole occuparsi della consultazione come processo clinico di portata generale. Verrà proposta una breve vignetta clinica esemplificativa ed una esperienza concreta di organizzazione della consultazione in un ente del terzo settore; esempi che ben si prestano, a nostro parere, a concretizzare e chiarire quanto proposto senza pretesa alcuna di esaurire la complessità delle applicazioni possibili.
Commento
Authors: Montali Simona
Published: December 2024

The psychological consultation is a moment of great importance in approaching problems concerning psychological distress. This commentary reiterates, on the basis of personal clinical experience, the importance of the space dedicated to psychological consultation even in the context of child psychotherapy practised in a free-professional context.
Comparison between Robotic and Open Surgery in Gall bladder Cancer Removal: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Aleid Mohammed Sami , Almohayya Leen Abdulelah , Alkhars Ahmed Mohammed A. , Alshahrani Reem Saeed Saad , Al-Khamis Mustafa Hussain , Allah Faris Abdullah Saad Al Yaan , Algblan Marya Abdulaziz , Alawad Fatema , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef
Published: December 2024

Background:

Robotic extended cholecystectomy has become widely accepted with the introduction of robot-assisted liver resection in 2003. Over the past 10 years, the development of robotic surgical equipment has aided in the treatment of gall bladder cancer, and the number of patients undergoing robotic extended cholecystectomy for gall bladder cancer has increased dramatically. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to compare between robotic and open techniques used in cholecystectomy of gall bladder cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis by searching for all eligible articles on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from inception till February 2023. We used the following search strategy for our searching process: ‘Robot’ AND ‘Gall bladder’ AND ‘Cancer’ OR ‘Tumour’ OR ‘Carcinoma’ OR ‘Oncology’. We included studies according to the following criteria: studies published without time frame limitations, randomised controlled trials and observational studies, studies involving individuals with gall bladder cancer that compared the open cholecystectomy technique with the robotic technique regarding the safety and efficacy.

Results:

The use of robotic cholecystectomy in gall bladder cancer patients was associated with a statistically significant lower estimated blood loss compared to open cholecystectomy with overall mean difference (MD) of −175.43, (95% confidence interval [CI]: −291.45, −59.41, P = 0.003), and a statistically significant lower duration of hospitalisation with overall MD of −2.26, (95% CI: −3.26, −1.26, P < 0.00001). Regarding complications and death, robotic techniques were associated with a lower incidence of complications compared to the open cholecystectomy techniques with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.49 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.96, P = 0.04), while we observed no significant difference between the two techniques regarding mortality rate with OR of 1.03 (95% CI: 0.13, 7.95, P = 0.98).

Conclusions:

Robotic cholecystectomy is associated with better outcomes regarding the estimated blood loss, post-operative hospitalisation and complication rates compared to open cholecystectomy which shows the high safety profile of this technique.
Sleep Quality and Its Association with Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk amongst Middle-aged Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Alkathem Jafar Ali , Alzahrani Sarah Jamaan , Zuhair Rahaf Mohammed , Aljarash Hashmiah Mohammed , Bamuqabel Aya Omar , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

A few studies with regard to poor sleep quality and chronic diseases such as hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in middle-aged adults in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationships between sleep quality, hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in this population.

Methods:

A total of 912 Saudi adults aged 35–54 years participated. Data on demographics, sleep characteristics, medical histories, lifestyle behaviours and anthropometrics were collected through questionnaires. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Hypertension prevalence and mean scores were compared using t-tests through SPSS version 27. Logistic regression identified factors associated with poor sleep quality.

Results:

Most participants rated their sleep quality as good (44.7%) and slept 6–7 h nightly (26.3%). Hypertension prevalence was 7%. Participants experiencing sleep difficulties had poorer sleep quality scores (P < 0.001). Participants with hypertension had significantly lower mean sleep quality scores, while those with CVDs had higher scores (P < 0.001). High cholesterol, large waist circumference and smoking correlated with poor sleep quality (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

This study’s findings are important as with certain chronic diseases, the quality of sleep might act as a crucial factor that calls for interventions to be made in that area. Screening and interventions targeting improved sleep hygiene may help curb rising chronic disease burdens. Longitudinal research is needed to validate observed associations and assess the health impacts of sleep-related lifestyle modifications in this population.
Impact of Mechanical Ventilation on COVID-19 Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam Mohammed , Aleid Masowma Sami , Alzimami Lama Zaid , Ajwah Yazeed Mahmoud H. , Alamrani Faisal Mohammed O. , Alshehri Rayan Fahad Z. , Kharaba Ayman
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Mechanical ventilation is frequently utilised in critically ill COVID-19 patients, yet outcomes remain unclear. This study evaluated characteristics, outcomes and associations between mechanical ventilation and prognosis in COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted of medical records from 1389 COVID-19 patients admitted to a single ICU between dates. Demographic, clinical, treatment data and outcomes including length of stay (LOS), microbiological cure and discharge status were collected. Comparisons were made between ventilated and non-ventilated patients.

Results:

The mean age was 56 years, 74% were male. Mechanical ventilation was utilised in 73.9% for a mean duration of 9.89 days. Ventilated patients had significantly longer ICU (15 days vs. 10 days) and hospital stays (22 days vs. 18 days). Microbiological cure was achieved in 16.1%, with higher rates in ventilated patients. Factors including older age, male gender, diabetes and higher body mass index correlated with worse outcomes. Ventilated patients more often experienced ICU (96% vs. 4%) and hospital mortality (60% vs. 40%). Mechanical ventilation duration positively correlated with ICU and hospital LOS. Longer ventilation durations correlated with cure and remaining in ICU.

Conclusion:

In this large cohort, mechanical ventilation was commonly utilised yet correlated with worse outcomes, although outcomes may be confounded by indication. Modifying risk profiles through glycaemic and weight control along with standardised evidence-based protocols may help optimise outcomes. Further prospective analyses accounting for the severity of illness are needed to determine causal relationships between ventilation and prognosis in COVID-19.
Non-surgical Interventions for Osteoarthritis in Elderly Saudis: Utilisation, Effectiveness: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alqarni Danah Ahmed , Alqarni Aseel Abdullah , Zuqayl Alhanouf Hamoud Nasser , Asiri Abdulelah Yahya , Alanzi Ryan Khater , Alrasheed Khalid Faisal , Alaidarous Hasan Ali Abdullah , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef Salem
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder that poses considerable health challenges worldwide. Millions of individuals suffering from OA experience diminished quality of life, necessitating effective management strategies. In recent years, non-surgical interventions have emerged as a popular approach for OA management. However, comprehensive data detailing their effectiveness and the adherence levels amongst OA patients remain scanty. Within this context, our research aspires to discern the relationship between active engagement in non-surgical interventions and the subsequent enhancements in life quality and pain alleviation for OA patients. To meticulously chart, the utilisation patterns of non-surgical treatments for OA and critically evaluate their impact on this specific population.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted which focused on the Saudi Arabian population from June 2023 to January 2024. The study was designed on the basis of a self-administered questionnaire. The analysis was performed on 2416 patients with multiple complications related to OA. The primary data collection was survey based; an online questionnaire that assessed patients about their level of engagement with non-surgical therapies and how they experienced their effect on their health. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis and Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate the relationship between OA and various comorbidities considering various factors using SPSS V 26.0.

Results:

Our findings revealed a positive correlation between the extent of engagement in non-surgical interventions and a marked improvement in quality of life, substantiated by a correlation coefficient of r = 0.65 with a statistical significance level of P < 0.001. In addition, our analysis unearthed significant variations in intervention practices influenced by demographic elements, gender and geographic location.

Conclusions:

Our research underscores the promising potential of non-surgical interventions as a viable strategy for enhancing the quality of life in OA patients. The elucidated demographic disparities further pave the way for crafting tailored intervention programmes, promising more personalised and effective OA management.
A Cross-sectional Study Investigating the Impact of Corrected Flatfeet on Children’s Outcomes Assessing Gait and Pain Incidence among School-aged Children
Authors: Alruwaili Bader Helal , Aljaffar Abdullah Bader , Alkhaldi Khalid Naif , Alorayyidh Mohammed Meshal , Alyahya Hamad Fahad , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Flatfoot is a common foot condition among children that can cause pain and impair function if left untreated. While surgical correction aims to restore arch alignment, evidence on long-term outcomes is limited. This study investigated the impact of early flatfoot surgery on school-aged children’s gait patterns and pain incidence.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study compared 724 children aged 1–12 years who underwent flatfoot surgery before age 5–60 controls with mild-to-moderate untreated flatfeet, matched for age and gender. Clinical evaluation assessed residual rearfoot alignment. Gait analysis used motion capture to analyse temporal-spatial gait parameters. Questionnaires evaluated function (FAAM-C) and foot pain (FLACC). SPSS version 26 was used to enter the data. Paired t-tests were used in the statistical analysis to compare questionnaire ratings and gait between groups. Correlation study evaluated relationships between outcomes and residual abnormalities. Function and pain factors modelled using multiregression. At P < 0.05, significance was established.

Results:

Surgically corrected children showed generally normalised gait compared to controls on metrics except step width. FAAM-C scores averaged 90.5 ± 7.5 versus 80.3 ± 10.4 for controls (P < 0.001), and FLACC pain scores were lower in the surgical group at 1.5 ± 1.7 versus 3.4 ± 2.5 (P = 0.002). Residual hindfoot valgus/limited dorsiflexion moderately correlated with worse function/higher pain.

Conclusion:

Early flatfoot surgery resulted in long-term gait patterns approximating peers without flatfeet. Surgically treated children also reported better function and less frequent/severe pain compared to mild–moderate untreated flatfeet controls. Residual transverse/sagittal plane deformities moderately correlated with poorer outcomes. This provides novel insights supporting early surgical intervention.
Intraocular Pressure Control with Latanoprost in Older Glaucoma Patients: A Cross-sectional Analysis from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aleid Mohammed Sami , Alshammari Ashwaq Hijji , Alamri Manar Mohammed H. , Althagafi Hatun Abdullah R. , Almutairi Jawza Ali , Alsubaiei Sayyaf Nasser , Alzahrani Tahani Srihan , Mohaini Mohammad Al
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, is primarily progressed by intraocular pressure (IOP). Managing this pressure is crucial for slowing down the deterioration of the visual field and optic nerve damage. Latanoprost, a prostaglandin analogue, has emerged as an effective option for reducing IOP in glaucoma patients. This study aims to address the gap in understanding the effectiveness of latanoprost in managing increased IOP within the Saudi population, a demographic that has been underrepresented in previous research.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study involved 2736 participants, all diagnosed with glaucoma and aged 40 years and above, selected using a random sampling method from various healthcare facilities across Saudi Arabia. The study spanned 9 months, employing structured questionnaires and medical records review for the data collection. The primary dependent variable was the relationship between latanoprost use and IOP reduction. Statistical analyses included correlation and Chi-square tests.

Results:

The study found that most participants experienced significant IOP reduction after using latanoprost, with over one-third reporting more than 30% reduction. The factors enhancing the drug’s effectiveness included the frequency of use, duration of treatment and patient demographic characteristics such as age and gender. Most participants found latanoprost eye drops convenient to use and side effects were in line with those reported in other demographics.

Conclusion:

The study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of latanoprost in controlling IOP amongst the Saudi Arabian population. It emphasises the importance of considering individual patient characteristics in glaucoma management could enhance therapeutic outcomes. These findings contribute to a better understanding of latanoprost’s role in different demographic contexts and offer guidance for personalised treatment strategies.
Second primary cancers: Incidence and outcomes from a population of patients accrued in six prospective controlled trials at a tertiary cancer institute
Authors: Chatterjee Abhishek , Laskar Sarbani G , Deshmukh Jayshree , Gupta Tejpal , Murthy Vedang , Agarwal Jai Prakash , Budrukkar Ashwini
Published: December 2024

Background:

The aim of this study was to document the incidence, spectrum and outcomes of Second Primary Malignancy (SPM) in a prospectively followed-up population of Head and Neck Squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) patients accrued in six prospective trials and treated with definitive radiotherapy.

Materials and Methods:

Patients were prospectively followed up over time and data on SPM collected after IRB approval after establishing the diagnosis of SPM based on clinical criteria. Descriptive statistics to determine clinic demographic characteristics and spectrum of SPM encountered, time to event outcomes (SPM-DFS – Disease-free survival after diagnosis of second primary, SPM-OS – Overall survival after diagnosis of second primary) and univariate analysis of factors of likely prognostic significance were performed.

Results:

A total of 656 individual patient records were examined. A total of 43 SPM s were detected at a median follow-up of 62 months (IQR -39-97 months), accounting for a cumulative incidence of 6.5%. The median time to development of an SPM was 48 months. The head and neck (41.84%) and the esophagus (34.8)% were the most common sites of SPM. At a median follow-up of 7 months post-diagnosis of SPM, the 1 year estimates of SPM-DFS and SPM-OS were 37.6% and 40% respectively. Radical intent treatment emerged as a significant predictor of improved SPM-OS and SPM-DFS.

Conclusion:

SPMs are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HNSCC survivors. Timely detection allows for more cases to be treated with radical intent to offer chances for long term control and survival.
Newer antimicrobials in dermatology: An overview
Authors: Bubna Aditya K
Published: December 2024

With an alarming rate of antimicrobial resistance, it becomes essential for the treating dermatologist to familiarize himself with the newer available antimicrobial agents. It has been seen that these drugs allow successful therapeutic outcomes in those patients where conventional antimicrobial therapy is ineffective. This review will throw light on the following newer antimicrobial drugs, namely linezolid, daptomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, tigecycline, oritavancin and dalbavancin.
Fixed drug eruption due to levocetirizine and cross-reactivity with cetirizine and hydroxyzine
Authors: Agrawal Ishan , Relhan Vineet , Priyadharshini Basavarajapura Vijay
Published: December 2024

Several drugs can act as possible causes for fixed drug eruptions (FDEs). The newer generation of antihistamines is considered safer and less prone to causing adverse drug reactions. This case study highlights a rare occurrence where a 19-year-old woman developed a multifocal FDE after taking levocetirizine, with a history of similar reactions to cetirizine and hydroxyzine.
An Update on Artificial Intelligence and Its Application in Orthopedics: A Narrative Review
Authors: Pal Jitendra Nath
Published: December 2024

Background:

Prerequisites of artificial intelligence (AI) are a huge unbiased data set, linking them with different “clouds,” a powerful computer with high processing ability, and application of statistical methods to produce a complex algorithm. The concept “can machine think” developed in the early 1940s with the turning rule. The progress was slow till 2000 and then steadily increased and accelerated since 2012. Data scientists used complex statistical mathematics and computer engineers developed machines that allow machine learning, deep learning, and artificial neural network as subsets of AI. These nodes in layers can send feedback to refine its own decision. Among various fields, applications in orthopedics are in stage of validation. Clinical applications are growing fast. Use in orthopedic subfields such as joint disorders and arthroplasty, spine, fractures, sports medicine, and orthopedic oncology are promising.

Aims and Objectives:

Orthopedic clinicians have limited scope to be accustomed with the enmeshed statistical basis. They will be more interested in the application of AI in orthopedics in their practice. This review article is focused on some historical background and applicability of different ML models in various orthopedic domains. The future benefits and limitations are also outlined.

Methodology:

In this descriptive narrative exploratory review, qualitative information is collected randomly from a variety of sources.

Conclusion:

AI is the revolution in industrial development. It has reached the present state by the efforts and endeavors by engineers and data scientists. Its utility has been validated in orthopedic fields and is ready to use in regular practice. However, ethical issues including the “Job-Killing” effect, identification of accountable persons in situations where AI makes some mistakes, and biased data are not yet addressed. Regulating bodies are working on it.
A Mix-method Study Leveraging Social Media for Health Behavior Change: From Tweets to Transformation
Authors: Saleem Sheikh Mohd. , Jan Shah Sumaya
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Social media platforms have emerged as powerful tools for disseminating public health messages and influencing health-related behaviors. This study aimed to explore the role of social media in public health communication and behavior change interventions.

Methods:

A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative analysis of social media data, online surveys, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The social media data analysis included sentiment, network, and content analysis. The study analyzed 543 social media posts and 1190 comments, and surveyed 687 respondents.

Results:

Official accounts had higher reach (50,000 impressions per–post) compared to user-generated content (25,000 impressions) and influencer posts (30,000 impressions). However, user-generated and influencer content exhibited higher engagement (1500 likes, comments, shares per–post vs. 800 for official accounts). Sentiment analysis revealed polarized responses, with 40% of user-generated content expressing negative sentiments, particularly toward COVID-19 vaccination and mask mandates. Among 687 survey respondents, 65% reported that exposure to public health messaging influenced their health-related behaviors. Qualitative analysis identified effective strategies such as tailoring messages, collaborating with influencers, and employing interactive content formats, while also highlighting challenges including misinformation (reported by 62% of respondents), resource constraints, and public mistrust.

Conclusion:

The study highlights both the potential and challenges of leveraging social media for public health communication. Considering social media’s impact on promoting positive health-related behaviors, a comprehensive framework was proposed emphasizing robust monitoring systems, cross-sector collaborations, capacity building, data-driven approaches, and ethical guidelines.
Metabolic reprogramming of astrocytes: emerging roles of lactate
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Guo Yijian , Zhang Ying , Gao Yulei , Ning Bin
Published: December 2024

Lactate serves as a key energy metabolite in the central nervous system, facilitating essential brain functions, including energy supply, signaling, and epigenetic modulation. Moreover, it links epigenetic modifications with metabolic reprogramming. Nonetheless, the specific mechanisms and roles of this connection in astrocytes remain unclear. Therefore, this review aims to explore the role and specific mechanisms of lactate in the metabolic reprogramming of astrocytes in the central nervous system. The close relationship between epigenetic modifications and metabolic reprogramming was discussed. Therapeutic strategies for targeting metabolic reprogramming in astrocytes in the central nervous system were also outlined to guide future research in central nervous system diseases. In the nervous system, lactate plays an essential role. However, its mechanism of action as a bridge between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications in the nervous system requires future investigation. The involvement of lactate in epigenetic modifications is currently a hot research topic, especially in lactylation modification, a key determinant in this process. Lactate also indirectly regulates various epigenetic modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine, acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation modifications, which are closely linked to several neurological disorders.

In addition, exploring the clinical applications and potential therapeutic strategies of lactic acid provides new insights for future neurological disease treatments.
Neuronal plasticity and its role in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Jahan Israt , Harun-Ur-Rashid Mohammad , Islam Md. Aminul , Sharmin Farhana , Al Jaouni Soad K. , Kaki Abdullah M. , Selim Samy
Published: December 2024

Neuronal plasticity, the brain’s ability to adapt structurally and functionally, Is essential for learning, memory, and recovery from injuries. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, this plasticity is disrupted, leading to cognitive and motor deficits. This review explores the mechanisms of neuronal plasticity and its effect on Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease features amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles that impair synaptic function, while Parkinson’s disease involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons affecting motor control. Enhancing neuronal plasticity offers therapeutic potential for these diseases. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies of neuronal plasticity in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Data synthesis identified key themes such as synaptic mechanisms, neurogenesis, and therapeutic strategies, linking molecular insights to clinical applications. Results highlight that targeting synaptic plasticity mechanisms, such as long-term potentiation and long-term depression, shows promise. Neurotrophic factors, advanced imaging techniques, and molecular tools (e.g., clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and optogenetics) are crucial in understanding and enhancing plasticity. Current therapies, including dopamine replacement, deep brain stimulation, and lifestyle interventions, demonstrate the potential to alleviate symptoms and improve outcomes. In conclusion, enhancing neuronal plasticity through targeted therapies holds significant promise for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Future research should integrate multidisciplinary approaches to fully harness the therapeutic potential of neuronal plasticity in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.
Bifurcation for a sharp interface generation problem
Authors: Acerbi Emilio D. , Chen Chao-Nien , Choi Yung Sze
Published: December 2024

As opposed to the widely studied bifurcation phenomena for maps or PDE problems, we are concerned with bifurcation for stationary points of a nonlocal variational functional defined not on functions but on sets of finite perimeter, and involving a nonlocal term. This sharp interface model (1.2), arised as the

\Gamma

-limit of the FitzHugh–Nagumo energy functional in a (flat) square torus in

{\mathbb{R}}^{2}

of size

T

, possesses lamellar stationary points of various widths with well-understood stability ranges and exhibits many interesting phenomena of pattern formation as well as wave propagation. We prove that when the lamella loses its stability, bifurcation occurs, leading to a two-dimensional branch of nonplanar stationary points. Thinner nonplanar structures, achieved through a smaller

T

, or multiple layered lamellae in the same-sized torus, are more stable. To the best of our knowledge, bifurcation for nonlocal problems in a geometric measure theoretic setting is an entirely new result.
Prevalence and trends of cigarette smoking among adults with HIV infection compared with the general population in Korea
Authors: Park Boyoung , Jang Yoonyoung , Kim Taehwa , Choi Yunsu , Ahn Kyoung Hwan , Kim Jung Ho , Seong Hye , Choi Jun Yong , Kim Hyo Youl , Song Joon Young , Kim Shin-Woo , Choi Hee Jung , Park Dae Won , Yoon Young Kyung , Kim Sang Il
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVES: This study compared the current smoking prevalence among adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to that of the general Korean population and analyzed changes in smoking prevalence and cessation rates from 2009 to 2020.METHODS: The study included a total of 10,980 adults with HIV infection who underwent a health screening examination (National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database; NHIS-NHID), 1,230 individuals with HIV infection who participated in the Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort (KoCosHIV), and 76,783 participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We estimated the current smoking prevalence and the quit ratio, defined as the ratio of former smokers to ever-smokers.RESULTS: In the NHIS-NHID and KoCosHIV studies, the prevalence of current and former smoking among adults with HIV was 44.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43.2 to 45.1) and 15.6% (95% CI, 14.9 to 16.3), and 47.7% (95% CI, 43.7 to 51.8) and 16.9% (95% CI, 11.8 to 22.0), respectively. In the KNHANES, these rates were 22.5% and 18.1%, respectively. The standardized prevalence ratio of current smoking among adults with HIV was 1.76 in the NHIS-NHID and 1.97 in the KoCosHIV. Furthermore, the likelihood of quitting smoking was lower among adults with HIV than in the general population (NHIS-NHID: 26.1%; 95% CI, 25.0 to 27.1; KoCosHIV: 26.2%; 95% CI, 20.2 to 32.1; KNHANES: 44.6%; 95% CI, 44.5 to 44.6). Among HIV-positive adults, there was a 1.53% decline in the current smoking rate and a 2.86% increase in the quit ratio.CONCLUSIONS: Adults with HIV were more likely to smoke and less likely to quit smoking than the general adult population. Tobacco screening and cessation strategies should specifically target this population.
The Paradox of Historical Fiction
Authors: Košmrlj Lea
Published: December 2024

In light of the fact/fiction divide, this paper delves into the literary genre of historical fiction for young adults and re-examines the disputed boundaries between fact and fiction. Exploring Lois Lowry’s Number the Stars, a work of historical fiction for young adults about life in Nazi-occupied Denmark, this discussion addresses the paradoxical nature of historical fiction: it is the fictional elements of historical fiction that play the crucial part in bringing historical facts closer to the young adult reader.
Pripovedovanje v slovenskem gledališču danes (na primeru nekaterih uprizoritev Jerneja Lorencija)
Authors: Žavbi Nina
Published: December 2024

V sodobnem slovenskem gledališču so predstave, v katerih prevladuje pripovedovanje, vse bolj pogoste. Nekatere ustvarjalne ekipe svoje uprizoritve same poimenujejo kot pripovedovalne, pripovedne ali kaj podobnega. V teatrološki vedi pa še ni izdelana opredelitev, kaj je za tak način ugledališčenja značilno. V prispevku se osredotočamo na pripovedovanje v predstavah zadnjih let režiserja Jerneja Lorencija, podrobneje analiziramo Pravljice našega otroštva (2022). Poskušamo zaključiti, kaj je skupno vsem obravnavanim predstavam, ter razmišljamo, zakaj je danes pripovedovanje zgodb ponovno aktualno. Skozi analizo primera ugotavljamo, kaj je značilno za uprizoritveno besedilo in ostale uprizoritvene dejavnike, osredotočamo pa se na jezik in govor uprizoritve ter na značilnosti dobre igralske odrske pripovedi.
Meje spletnega prevajalnika – meje mojega sveta?
Authors: Fabjan Andritsakos Dragica
Published: December 2024

Članek skuša odgovoriti na vprašanje, ali je uporaba obstoječih spletnih prevajalnikov ustrezna za prevajanje literarnih besedil pri pouku tujih jezikov, natančneje pri pouku latinščine v gimnaziji, katere so njene omejitve, kako jo vključiti v učni proces ter pri dijakih razvijati kritično presojo pri uporabi strojnih prevodov. Izhodišče članka je analiza dijaških prevodov konkretnega besedila, prevedenega ali s spletnimi prevajalniki ali s pomočjo klasičnih slovarjev v knjižni obliki.e v gimnaziji, katere so njene omejitve, kako jo vključiti v učni proces ter pri dijakih razvijati kritično presojo pri uporabi strojnih prevodov. Izhodišče članka je analiza dijaških prevodov konkretnega besedila, prevedenega ali s spletnimi prevajalniki ali s pomočjo klasičnih slovarjev v knjižni obliki.
Etyka anarchistyczna jako wyzwanie dla etnografii. Zarys teoretyczny
Authors: Hankus Krzysztof , Janiczak Nadia
Published: December 2024

This article aims to sketch out two spaces in which the ethnographic practice overlaps, or may overlap, with an anarchist ethic – the sphere of everyday life and a non-institutional process of radical/ social knowledge production. From our anarchist point of view, the supposition about the necessity and naturalness of hierarchical modes of societal organization becomes an obstacle that abridges potential perspectives within the research process, as well as reproduces the existing power relations. Therefore, we are calling for a practice of conscious and reflexive retreat from the privileged position of the researcher. We argue that an active and ongoing transformation of “field relationships” can activate the potential for a qualitatively different knowledges to emerge, i.e. knowledges socially constructed along a movement of disrupting the hierarchically organized spaces of everyday life.
Autonomy of Law in the European Conception of the Legal State
Authors: Mroziński Juliusz
Published: December 2024

Zasada demokratycznego państwa prawnego stała się paradygmatem dla nowoczesnych demokracji i istotną wartością Unii Europejskiej; nieustająco budzi jednak emocjonalne spory. Niniejszy tekst bada wybrane aspekty tej zasady, koncentrując się szczególnie na teorii autonomii systemu prawnego, omawiając w tym kontekście wyniki badań przedstawicieli różnych systemów i kultur prawnych. Koncepcja systemowości prawa w ujęciu Hansa Kelsena zostaje na potrzeby pracy skonfrontowana z teorią systemów społecznych Niklasa Luhmanna, jak również jej wersją rozwojową przedstawioną przez Günthera Teubnera, któremu jurysprudencja zawdzięcza koncepcję autopojetycznego prawa. Badania obejmują refleksje na temat koncepcji „państwa prawnego” i „legalizmu” z perspektywy autonomii prawa, a także jej wymiarów. Praca podsumowuje ideę autopojetycznej natury systemu prawnego w kontekście jego cech mających szczególne znaczenie w procesie stosowania prawa UE. Autor stoi na stanowisku, w myśl którego koncepcja demokratycznego państwa prawnego – współkształtująca hierarchiczny i systemowy obraz prawa, aprobowany od początku XX w. – znajduje swoje odzwierciedlenie w praktyce w zjawisku autopojetyczności i autonomii systemu prawnego, opartej na społecznej kontekstualności prawa.
Fundusz sołecki jako prawna forma partycypacji społecznej w polskich samorządach na podstawie projektów funduszy sołeckich gmin powiatu jasielskiego na 2021 rok
Authors: Michalec Mateusz
Published: December 2024

Fundusz sołecki stanowi jedną z form partycypacji na poziomie lokalnym uregulowaną w polskim prawodawstwie. Realizacja funduszu wymaga wzajemnej współpracy mieszkańców sołectw oraz organów gminy. Środki finansowe przekazywane sołectwom nie stają się odrębnym budżetem a stanowią część budżetu gminny. O dystrybucji puli decydują mieszkańcy jednostek pomocniczych. W opracowaniu omówiono fundusze sołeckie poprzez dokonanie analizy ustawy i projektów funduszy sołeckich przygotowanych w sołectwach powiatu jasielskiego na 2021 rok. Fundusze zostały poddane analizie w kontekście szans i zagrożeń jakie wnoszą dla partycypacji społecznej w podstawowych jednostkach podziału terytorialnego.
Prawna ochrona życia ludzkiego a okoliczności wyłączające winę oraz bezprawność czynu w prawie karnym
Authors: Woźniak Marcin
Published: December 2024

Prawna ochrona ludzkiego życia jest jednym z najważniejszych zadań organów władzy państwowej. Życie jest bowiem niepowtarzalnym dobrem, cytując kultową scenę z filmu Znachor: „życie ludzkie jest wartością największą”. Jednak, mimo iż stanowi kwestie o istotnej doniosłości społeczno-prawnej, należy pamiętać, że nie jest to prawo absolutne. Problematyka zapewnienia odpowiedniego poziomu, intensywności owej ochrony nieustannie wywołuje liczne kontrowersje i debaty. Prawo do ochrony życia doznaje różnorodnych ograniczeń w wielu różnych okolicznościach. Tradycyjnymi ograniczeniami owej ochrony są kara śmierci, aborcja, eutanazja, prawo do samostanowienia oraz uporczywa terapia. W tym artykule poruszono problematykę ograniczeń wynikających stricte z prawa karnego, tj. okoliczności wyłączających bezprawność czynu (kontratypy) oraz okoliczności wyłączających winę. Poddane analizie zostały sytuacje, w których mimo pozbawienia życia drugiego człowieka z punktu widzenia prawa nie dojdzie do popełnienia przestępstwa.
Kontrola zarządcza przydatna także w sądzie – środowisko wewnętrzne
Authors: Tubek Beata
Published: December 2024

Przyjęcie procedur kontroli zarządczej w sektorze publicznym wprowadziło do działalności tych jednostek nowy element w zakresie ich funkcjonowania, modernizując ich filozofię. Dotychczasowe skupienie się na kwestiach finansowych zostało zastąpione koncentracją na prawidłowej realizacji celów organizacji, co prowadzi do zwiększenia ich użyteczności społecznej. Kontrola zarządcza jest kluczowym elementem funkcjonowania każdej organizacji publicznej, w tym także sądów. Jej celem jest wspieranie realizacji celów organizacji poprzez zapewnienie zgodności działań z przepisami prawa, efektywności, skuteczności oraz przejrzystości działań. Jednym z kluczowych elementów kontroli zarządczej jest środowisko wewnętrzne, które stanowi fundament dla pozostałych komponentów systemu. W artykule zostaną omówione aspekty środowiska wewnętrznego w sądach, ich znaczenie oraz wpływ na jakość funkcjonowania wymiaru sprawiedliwości.
Dissolution kinetics of coal and limestone samples from Kogi state, Nigeria
Authors: Atumeyi Anthony Ugbedeojo , Itodo Adams Udoji , Sha'Ato Rufus , Wuana Raymond Ahulle
Published: December 2024

This work is concerned with the dissolution behaviour and kinetics of Okobo coal and Obajana limestone from Kogi State, Nigeria, within acidic, basic, and neutral media. This was achieved using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide with distilled water, representing acidic, basic and neutral environment respectively, where the rates were determined for six hours. Overall, the dissolution rates were significantly enhanced under an acidic medium for both minerals, indicating a maximum dissolution of 6.1% for Okobo coal, as depicted in results, and 7.7% dissolution in the case of Obajana limestone. Basic media provided moderated dissolution, while the water had minimum effects. The kinetic analysis using zero-order and Higuchi models indicated that the zero-order best fitted coal dissolution in acidic condition, but for limestone, both the models were fitted very well. These results would provide a good knowledge to the mineral industry, environmental management, and building industries through the conditions of favoring mineral decomposition and utilization.