bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hungarian Sebeok
Authors: Voigt Vilmos
Published: November 2021

It was never a secret that Thomas A. Sebeok was born in Hungary, and he always referred to his Hungarian background. He emigrated from Hungary (1936) to England and later (1937) to the United States, where he Americanized his family name, Sebők. As a scholar, he started Finno-Ugric studies (not only in Hungarian, but also in Cheremis). Sebeok continued as a general linguist, and then as a communication expert. From the 1960s, he became a semiotician, a key figure in building an international semiotic network. Sebeok often visited Hungary in connection with his research activities. He was a foreign member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and became Honorary Professor at Loránd Eötvöspapers University in Budapest. Such was the respect he garnered that an international congress was organized in Budapest in honor of his 70th birthday, and his papers and books were also translated into Hungarian. From his very wide range of interests, I mention here only the Hungarian context of studying animal signs. Prolific writer, excellent organizer, and eloquent speaker, Sebeok is unforgettable as a world-renowned person – with many ties to his home culture, which he referred to as his “Hungarian frame.”
Language variation and change in the formation of Greek superlative constructions
Authors: Melissaropoulou Dimitra , Papanagiotou Christos
Published: November 2021

This paper addresses variation and change in the realization of superlative constructions in the light of the evidence provided by Modern Greek dialectal variation as a window into the study of the organization of grammar. Dialectal data show that analyticity prevails in the realization of relative comparative constructions, while absolute ones seem to resist more persistently due to their high relevance with another morphological category, evaluative intensification. Our findings argue in favour of the strong interplay among all three processes, viewed as realizations of the conceptual category of gradation, accounted for in terms of a continuum. The proposed organization captures the strong interplay between intensification and absolute superlatives on the one hand, while relative and absolute superlative formations on the other. On a theoretical level, this account could contribute further to important issues such as the controversial status of comparison and evaluation in grammar, which may differ cross-linguistically, suggesting that a combined account of the three processes might prove more adequate.
On continental Basque dialects and some aspects of their chronology
Authors: Camino Iñaki
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the innovations of the Basque in the Salazar Valley, which is located in northeastern Navarre, and compare them with those of the Continental Basque Country in order to try to obtain chronological and geolinguistic information on the innovations of the wide eastern Basque Country. To achieve my purpose, I drew upon descriptions of the Basque dialect spoken in the Salazar Valley. This study analyzed texts dating from the 16th, 17th, 18thand 19thcenturies from the Continental Basque Country as well as samples from the last two centuries from the Navarrese Pyrenees. The data collected from this region were examined with regard to the behavior of the isoglosses within the Continental Basque Country in earlier stages. I examined innovations with particular attention to what geographical diffusion model they showed and how far they spread. In addition, I analyzed what isogloss boundaries are recurrent and what innovations were transferred from the Pyrenees toward Navarre. I found that the Basque spoken in Lower Navarre has undergone change that has spread toward Labourd. Regarding contact with other dialects, it shares features with Labourdin to the west, and with Souletin to the east. On the assumption that Lower Navarre and Labourd have recently converged, a future hypothesis to test would be whether Lower Navarre merged with Soule in earlier stages.
Interaction of high-intensity endurance exercise and nandrolone on cardiac remodeling: role of adipo-cardiac axis
Authors: Motevalian Manijeh , Joukar Siyavash , Esmaeili-Mahani Saeed , Karimi Abdollah , Masoumi-Ardakani Yaser , Safari Sepideh
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Given the cardiac pathological remodeling following to anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) consumption, we examined the effect of chronic administration of nandrolone decanoate with high-intensity endurance exercise on the left ventricular hypertrophy index, levels of hydroxyproline, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin (APN) and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) expression in rats’ hearts.

Methods

The male Wistar rats randomly divided to six groups included the control (CTL), exercise (Ex), nandrolone (Nan), vehicle (Arach), trained vehicle (Ex + Arach), and trained nandrolone (Ex + Nan) groups that were treated for eight weeks.

Results

Nandrolone consumption significantly enhanced the hypertrophy index (p<0.05) and exercise intensified this effect. It also increased the level of cardiac hydroxyproline (p<0.001), however exercise completely masked this effect. The values of TNF-α protein and AdipoR1 protein significantly increased in trained nandrolone-treated (Ex + Nan) group in comparison with CTL group (p<0.05), however, did not show significant alteration in Nan or Ex groups. High-intensity endurance exercise significantly enhanced the AdipoR2 protein (p<0.05), but, co-administration of nandrolone with exercise prevented this effect. The mRNA expression of AdipoR1 significantly reduced in the animals that received nandrolone for eight weeks and exercise recovered this effect (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Despite an additive effect of high-intensity endurance exercise plus nandrolone on TNF-α level, their effects on hydroxyproline and APN receptors expression is incompatible in heart of rat. It is suggests a part of beneficial regulatory role of endurance exercise against nandrolone induced heart remodeling may apply through modulation of APN system.
Errancia y psicogeografía enCuaderno alemányBuenos Aires Tourde María Negroni
Authors: Oliver María Paz
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo se propone analizar el concepto de errancia y su resonancia psicogeográfica enCuaderno alemán(2015) yBuenos Aires Tour(2006), de la escritora argentina María Negroni. Entendida como un movimiento vagabundo y sin rumbo, la errancia plantea una crisis de la presencia del sujeto y una búsqueda donde la percepción del espacio, a través de la escritura de un diario sobre los recorridos por ciudades alemanas, modifica el sentido turístico del viaje e instala una dimensión emotiva e íntima de la ciudad. En la errancia, por lo tanto, se forja un sentido del lugar gracias a los sentimientos y significados que surgen en la interacción con el espacio urbano. Por una parte, se investigará cómo estas obras representan el aspecto psicogeográfico del espacio, es decir, los efectos psíquicos y afectivos del entorno urbano en el sujeto, mediante una cartografía emotiva que registra la experiencia del movimiento en la ciudad. Y, por otra, se examinarán los diversos modos en que ese paisaje sensorial se construye a través del diálogo entre imagen y texto, como una forma de capturar el sentido de la errancia a través del registro emotivo y no necesariamente representativo del viaje.
Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Mixing Dynamics inside Planetary Roller Extruders
Authors: Winck J. , Frerich S.
Published: November 2021

In this contribution, the fluid flow and mixing dynamics inside planetary roller extruders are simulated using the finite element method (FEM) and the mesh superposition technique (MST). Three-dimensional configurations with planetary spindles of varying number and geometry of planetary spindles were created to analyse the influence of the spindle configuration and the rotational speed on the process behavior. Therefore, pressure gradients, flow velocities and directions, shear rates, the mixing index and residence time distributions were evaluated. The distributive and dispersive mixing efficiencies varied depending on the planetary spindle configuration, and these configurations thus suit different processing tasks. In comparison to the standard planetary spindles, the TT3 spindles, with their incomplete toothing, and the knob spindles, with their double transversal helical toothing, showed intense axial and radial mixing. In general, the mixing performance of the planetary roller extruder is explained by a high rate of extensional flow and frequent changes in flow type. The reported numerical approach allows, for the first time, a comprehensive observation of the process behavior of planetary roller extruders.
Improvement of Mechanical and Biological Properties of PLA/HNT Scaffolds Fabricated by Foam Injection Molding: Skin Layer Effect and Laser Texturing
Authors: Eryildiz M. , Altan M. , Odabas S.
Published: November 2021

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the important materials for orthopedic regenerative engineering applications due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. Nonetheless, PLA may show insufficient mechanical strength for some bone replacement applications. Halloysite nanotube (HNT) is one of the non-toxic, biocompatible reinforcement for improving mechanical and biological properties of PLA for tissue engineering applications. In this study, PLA/HNT scaffolds were prepared by chemical foam injection molding process. Laser surface texturing was applied on the skin layer of the injection molded scaffolds to enhance the cell viability and hydrophilicity of PLA. The effects of HNT concentration on cell morphology, mechanical and thermal properties, cell viability and biodegradation profile of the scaffolds were studied. The results demonstrated that cell viability increased by 43% in PLA/HNT scaffolds compared to neat PLA. Hydrophilicity of the scaffolds that have thick skin layer was enhanced by the laser surface texturing in two different designs and consequently, cell viability increased about 16%. Surface roughness measurements and water contact angle measurements have verified this result.
Direct-access mode-division multiplexing switch for scalable on-chip multi-mode networks
Authors: Xu Hongnan , Liu Chaoyue , Dai Daoxin , Shi Yaocheng
Published: November 2021

By leveraging mode-division multiplexing (MDM), capacity of on-chip photonic interconnects can be scaled up to an unprecedented level. The demand for dynamic control of mode carriers has led to the development of mode-division multiplexing switches (MDMS), yet the conventional MDMS is incapable of directly accessing an individual lower-order mode that propagates in a multi-mode bus waveguide, which hinders its scalability and flexibility. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate the first direct-access MDMS as a novel platform for scalable on-chip multi-mode networks. At first, the highly efficient mode exchangers are developed for TE0–TE2 and TE1–TE2 mode swap, which are then employed to realize the direct-access mode add-drop multiplexers with high performances. The direct-access MDMS is then achieved based on the proposed mode add-drop multiplexers, which can be used for dynamically adding and dropping any selected mode carrier in a three-channel MDM. Moreover, the novel direct-access scheme is also adopted to simultaneously harness wavelength and mode carriers, leading to a wavelength/mode-hybrid multiplexing system with an enhanced link capacity of twelve channels. To further verify the utility of the MDMS, a multi-mode hubbed-ring network is constructed, where one hub and three nodes are organized within a ring-like multi-mode bus waveguide. The reconfigurable network traffic of 6 × 10 Gbps data streams are obtained by using three eigen modes as signal carriers. The measurement results show low bit-error rates (<10−9) with low power penalties (<3.1 dB).
Generation and dynamics of soliton and soliton molecules from a VSe2/GO-based fiber laser
Authors: Wang Benhai , Han Haobin , Yu Lijun , Wang Yueyue , Dai Chaoqing
Published: November 2021

Recently, in addition to exploring the application of new saturable absorber devices in fiber lasers, soliton dynamics has also become a focus of current research. In this article, we report an ultrashort pulse fiber laser based on VSe2/GO nanocomposite and verify the formation process of soliton and soliton molecules by the numerical simulation. The prepared VSe2/GO-based device shows excellent saturable absorption characteristics with a modulation depth of 14.3% and a saturation absorption intensity of 0.93 MW/cm2. The conventional soliton is obtained with pulse width of 573 fs, which is currently the narrowest pulse width based on VSe2-related material, and has a signal-to-noise ratio of 60.4 dB. In addition, the soliton molecules are realized based on the VSe2/GO for the first time and have a pulse interval of ∼2.2 ps. We study the soliton dynamics through numerical simulation and reveal that before the formation of the soliton, it undergoes multiple nonlinear stages, such as soliton mode-locking, soliton splitting, and soliton oscillation. Furthermore, the results of numerical simulation are agreed well with the experimental data. These results indicate that the VSe2/GO might be another promising saturable absorber material for ultrafast photonics, and deepen the understanding of soliton dynamics in ultrafast fiber lasers.
Crystal structure of 6,6′-((pentane-1,3-diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2,4-dibromolphenolato-κ4
N,N′,O,O′)copper(II),) C19H16Br4CuN2O2
Authors: Duan Rui , Man Wang , Meifen Huang , Ma Xun , Wu Qiong
Published: November 2021

C19H16Br4CuN2O2: monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.2649(3) Å, b = 10.1903(3) Å, c = 21.2494(6) Å, β = 100.522(1)°, V = 2185.36(11) Å3, Z = 4, wR
2 = 0.0730, T = 169.0 K.
Redetermination of the crystal structure of bis{hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl-κN
3)borato}copper(II), C30H44B2CuN12
Authors: Fujisawa Kiyoshi , Okamura Moemi , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: November 2021

C30H44B2CuN12, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.6801(1) Å, b = 10.1688(2) Å, c = 10.7290(2) Å, α = 62.672(2)°, β = 84.3550(10)°, γ = 78.9700(10)°, V = 825.71(3) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0318, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0961, T = 178 K.
Zur Beziehung von progressiven Verbalperiphrasen undstates. Ein erster Bericht aus Studien zu romanischen Sprachen
Authors: Schmid Sarah Dessì
Published: November 2021

This paper deals with properties and restrictions of progressive markers (Romance progressive verbal periphrases, PVP) and relates these to the question of the degree of grammaticality these constructions have reached in the respective languages. In analysing the process of grammaticalisation of PVP, a distinction is drawn on two levels: on the level of internal structure and the level of system. After introducing progressivity as a subcategory of imperfectivity, and progressive markers as the means of expressing it (§ 2), the (in)compatibility of Romance PVP withstatesis examined in more detail (§ 3). This investigation is based on French, Italian, (European and Brazilian) Portuguese and Spanish data elicited in several broad-based acceptability studies conducted as part of the SFB 833 project “Verbal and Nominal Aspectuality between Lexicon and Grammar” (2017–2020). As opposed to common interpretations, differentstatesandstate-typesare shown to be compatible with progressive verbal periphrases to varying degrees. Romance languages differ in their levels of acceptability ofstatesin PVP – and the degree of compatibility correlates with the degree to which the construction is integrated in their respective language systems. The concluding remarks (§ 4) summarise the theoretical implications of the data analysis, which can be seen as an empirical verification of existing theses concerning the degree of grammaticalisation of Romance PVP.
Comunicación epistolar y colaboración científica entre especialistas alemanes en Sudamérica a fines del siglo XIX. Un estudio de la correspondencia entre Rodolfo Lenz y Robert Lehmann-Nitsche
Authors: Ennis Juan Antonio , Soltmann Claudio
Published: November 2021

The following paper undertakes the presentation and subsequent analysis of the initial section of an extended, although only partially preserved letter exchange between two salient German scholars settled in Argentina and Chile from the end of the 19th century on, and during the first decades of the 20th century: Rudolf Lenz, trained in linguistics and Romance languages at the renowned Romanistik School of Bonn, who worked at the Instituto Pedagógico in Santiago de Chile, and Robert Lehmann-Nitsche, a Prussian physician and anthropologist who was in charge of the Anthropological Section of a brand new modern Museum in Argentina’s recently founded city of La Plata. The letter exchange between them lasted from 1897 until 1928 and the analysis of its initial pieces (1897–1898) allows us to see how personal and scientific networks were constructed, and how German science and sociability managed to settle down in such distant locations and still remain connected with its system of origin.
Self-Fashioning and the Intersectional Self: Teresa de Cartagena by Teresa de Cartagena
Authors: Conde Juan-Carlos
Published: November 2021

This article examines the way in which Teresa de Cartagena builds and presents her literary self in her literary works, Arboleda de los enfermos and Admiración operum Dei. The examination of this literary self-fashioning (a concept based, but different from, the one coined under the same denomination by Stephen Greenblatt) of Teresa de Cartagena is conducted under the theoretical framework of intersectionality, which allows to see the multi-layered and dynamic complex nature of this author’s literary self, and the implications this has for the understanding of her work.
Contrastivity and comparability: pragmatic variation across pluricentric varieties
Authors: Barron Anne
Published: November 2021

The recent pragmatic turn in the study of pluricentric varieties marks a shift in analytical focus, with increasingly more research contrasting the conventions of language use and interaction across pluricentric varieties. This turn demands new data types and new methods of analysis which uphold the principles of contrastivity and comparability. Addressing this basic requirement for the case of cross-varietal speech act analyses, the present article examines the contextual factors to be considered in the choice of data types and the potential definition and usability of a pragmatic variable in speech act analyses across data types. These considerations are applied to a cross-varietal analysis of responses to thanks in direction-giving exchanges across English in Canada, England and Ireland. The study highlights the frequent necessity of a multi-faceted definition of the pragmatic variable. In addition, challenges of contextual equivalence which emerge in the course of the analysis highlight a basic need for research to regularly re-examine the linguistic context and the definition of the pragmatic variable and to potentially redefine the variable during the analytical process. The contrastive analysis reveals a more extensive use of routinised responses to thanks in the Canadian English data relative to the Irish English and English English data. A more complex closing, with more continuations and confirmation checks, is shown to characterise the Irish English data, a finding which is suggested to potentially relate to a strong orientation towards hospitality in the Irish context.
Segregation – Growing Up in Kosovo
Authors: Kelmendi Adriatik
Published: November 2021

The author gives a personal account of how he experienced the difficult 1990s in Kosovo. In 1990, when Yugoslavia fell apart, he was 12 years old. He grew up in Kosovo’s “parallel school system”. In 1999, when NATO bombed Yugoslavia, the then 20-year-old worked for the newspaper Koha Ditore in Pristina. His family’s house in Peja was destroyed, members of his extended family as well as friends and acquaintances murdered. His parents and siblings sought refuge in Montenegro; he himself in North Macedonia. They returned to Peja after the end of the war, and slowly regained their lives.
Being a Trainee Historian in Belgrade, 1989
Authors: Stojanović Dubravka
Published: November 2021

The author reflects on the year 1989 when she was a newly hired trainee historian at the Institute for the History of the Serbian Labor Movement in Belgrade. The topic she was assigned in the Institute was the relationship of the Serbian Social Democratic Party to the war goals of Serbia 1912–1918. As her reading and writing progressed, by 1991 what the Serbian social democrats wrote about the Balkan Wars of 1912/13 began approaching her own political views. However, their antiwar positions at the beginning of the twentieth century sounded like a real feat compared to the virtually monolithic support for the war of 1991. This is how the author’s first research left her with the bitter impression that history, the seeming magistra vitae, had really taught nobody anything given that Serbian society was falling into the same trap as some 70 years before.
Relations Between the Writers’ Associations of Kosova and Serbia in the Second Half of the 1980s
Authors: Mehmeti Arban
Published: November 2021

The author examines the activities and relations between the writers’ associations of Kosova and Serbia during the second half of the 1980s. He focuses on the interaction between the two cultural institutions and the debates they organized between the mid-1980s and the end of the decade. While political relations were deteriorating, the meetings of the two associations were intended to form a channel for communication which it was hoped would stimulate debate among intellectuals about then-current relations between Kosovar-Albanians and Serbs. But, as this study explains, those attempts ended in endless disagreements over “historical truths.”
Kosovo in the 1980s – Yugoslav Perspectives and Interpretations
Authors: Pichler Robert , Grandits Hannes , Fotiadis Ruža
Published: November 2021

The introductory article in this issue argues for greater consideration of the impact of the Kosovo crisis on political developments in other Yugoslav republics and on the entire federal state structure of Yugoslavia after Tito’s death. It also calls for a closer examination of alternative paths that were considered by various actors to resolve the conflict but were not or could not be pursued. Such a discussion of developments in Kosovo in the 1980s in a broader Yugoslav perspective would, it is argued, also have the potential to contribute to a more complex understanding of the Kosovo crisis itself.
„Dein Reich komme“. Aspekte eines theologischen Heimatverständnisses
Authors: Zeindler Matthias
Published: November 2021

Die Bibel beschreibt bereits die Schöpfung als Gottes Gewähren von Heimat. Der Mensch erhält dabei den Auftrag, das Geschaffene als Heimat zu bewahren. Gottes Handeln ist von da an eine immer wieder neue Befreiung zur Heimat, die sich vollendet in der vollkommenen Heimat „im Himmel“ (Phil. 3,20). Heimat kann in biblischer Perspektive immer nur für die Fremden offene Heimat sein. In einer sich säkularisierenden Gesellschaft lernen die Kirchen wieder, sich als Kirchen in der Fremde, in der Diaspora zu verstehen. Die Fremdheit der Kirche gründet dabei nicht in religionssoziologischen Konstellationen, sondern in ihrer Nähe zu Christus, der in der Welt ein Fremder blieb.
Heimat rhizomatisch. Experimentell religionsdidaktische Zugänge
Authors: Schulz Petra
Published: November 2021

Der Beitrag entfaltet das Thema „Heimat“ rhizomatisch. Das heißt, er folgt keiner festen Systematik, sondern verknüpft assoziativ Verschiedenartiges. Heimat wird vielperspektivisch wahrnehmbar. Experimentell religionsdidaktische Zugänge zeigen ästhetisch, dialogisch-beziehungsorientiert sowie ideologiekritisch akzentuierte Anschlussstellen für religiöse Bildungsprozesse.
Building institutional capacities for students as partners in the design of COVID classrooms
Authors: Riddell Jessica , Gadoury-Sansfaçon Georges-Philippe , Stoddard Scott
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 posed several challenges to post-secondary institutions, including the move to online learning in a short amount of time. In June 2020, Bishop’s University hired 23 students as online learning and technology consultants (OLTCs) to help faculty prepare for Fall 2020. They underwent training about Students-as-Partners literature, empathetic design, pandemic pedagogy, high-impact practices, and authentic learning design. After their training—which included online modules, simulations, faculty mentorship, and technology training—the program launched in July 2020. In this case study, we deploy SaP literature to solve pedagogical challenges posed by the pandemic, analyze the data collected in the program’s developmental assessment, and share the program’s impact on students, faculty, and the institution more broadly. This program is a key intervention in building institutional capacities for SaP work in a post-COVID higher education context. The outcomes of this case study demonstrate that working with students as partners in the design of COVID classrooms increases students’ social and emotional intelligence, technical and digital literacy skills, critical thinking, project management skills, and other significant learning gains.
Untangling the Health Impacts of Mexico – U.S. Migration
Authors: Ortmeyer David L , Quinn Michael A
Published: November 2021

Research has found that immigrant health has a tendency to decline with time spent in the United States.  Using data from the Mexican Migration Project from 2007-2014, this paper is the first to test the impact of domestic and international migration on different types of health measures.  Results find cumulative U.S. migration experience has a negative impact both on self-reported and objective health measures.  By contrast, the number of trips to the United States and migrations made within Mexico impact individual’s self-assessment of their health but not objective health measures.  The analyses suggest that differences in self-reported versus objective health measures may help to explain mixed results in the literature.  Results suggest that individual’s health will suffer considerably more from U.S. migrations than from migration within Mexico which is consistent with the acculturation hypothesis.  Not surprisingly, high levels of BMI and smoking are significant predictors of negative self-reported and objective health.  There is also a troubling significant negative trend in health over time observed in the sample. Taken as a whole, these results suggest that even short trips to the United States can have a negative health effect on immigrants if they are repeated.
The Impact of Special Economic Zones on Exporting Behavior
Authors: Davies Roland B. , Mazhikeyev Arman
Published: November 2021

Using firm level data from Africa and Asia, we estimate the impact of being in a special economic zone (SEZ) on a firm's probability of exporting, export intensity, and value of exports. At the extensive margin, we find that SEZ firms in open economies are 25% more likely to export than their non-SEZ counterparts, with a large negative effect in closed economies. At the intensive margin, we find that SEZs increase the value of exports, but only in countries with barriers to imports where the estimate increase is 3.6%. Thus, the estimated effect of introducing an SEZ can be meaningful, but is heavily contingent on the local economic environment.
Why Do Past Disabilities Still Haunt the Newly Healthy?
Authors: Oguzoglu Umut
Published: November 2021

A dynamic labour force participation model is used to estimate the impact of disability shocks on labour force participation using a longitudinal sample drawn from the National Population Health Survey. Findings suggest that state dependence play a crucial role in how temporary disabilities can have long lasting employment effects. A disability shock that last only one period is shown to lower labour force participation up to 3 additional periods. Findings are in support of policies that promote greater labour force attachment for individuals with disabilities.
The Nature of Money in a Convertible Currency World
Authors: Sissoko Carolyn
Published: November 2021

In a world where the means of exchange is convertible into the numeraire consumption good at a fixed rate, no one wants to hold money over time – and due to convertibility there is no means by which the Friedman rule can generate deflation. This is the environment we study in this paper in order to demonstrate that there is still a way to reach the first-best: institutionalize the naked shorting of the unit of account, or in other words establish a banking system.

To motivate the benefits of a banking system, the environment has real productivity shocks that are constantly changing the optimal level of economic activity, so the optimal quantity of money is inherently stochastic. Efficiency in such an environment requires the capacity to expand the money supply on an “as needed” basis. We show how a debt-based payments system that relies on banks to certify the individual debtors’ IOUs addresses the monetary problem.

This model explains (i) central bank monetary policy as a means of stabilizing the banking system and (ii) usury laws as means of promoting equilibria that favor non-banks over those that favor banks. Furthermore, by modeling a commercial bank-based monetary system as an efficient solution to a payments problem this paper develops a theoretic framework that may be used to evaluate central bank digital currency proposals.
Cultural Assimilation: Learning and Sorting
Authors: Monteiro Stein
Published: November 2021

immigrants have greater exposure to co-ethnics, leading to fewer incentives to learn the local culture and assimilate. In this paper, the exposure channel through which source country richness affects assimilating immigration is modelled through neighbourhood location choices and incentives to learn the local culture in the host country. Two equilibrium outcomes are identified, in which, there is either only assimilating immigration in at least one neighbourhood of the host country (sorting equilibrium) when immigration is from a rich source country, or there is some non-assimilating immigration in all neighbourhoods (mixed equilibrium) when immigration is from a poor source country. The presence of this exposure channel is tested using data from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants in Canada: waves 1-3. Learning, rather than sorting into co-ethnic communities, is the main factor operating in the exposure channel between source country richness and assimilating immigration.
Structural Funds and Regional Economic Growth: the Greek experience
Authors: Kehagia Adamantia , Kyriazi Foteini
Published: November 2021

The impact of structural funds of the European Union (EU) on regional economic growth is a matter of both political and economic importance. The large and regular payments made across the EU to countries and regions within them were and are meant to promote various aspects of growth and development and to encourage structural changes that foster investments and economic reforms. But how much of these aims have they been achieved? In this paper we provide considerable empirical evidence that Greek regions have, for the most part, benefited by the various disbursements of EU structural funds. We shed partial light on where this funding went to and to how it potentially contributed to Greek growth but we also raise a number of questions about the viability of the current productive structure of the Greek economy and its over-reliance on tourism. Our results provide support on the efficacy of the payments but leave open the problem of where these payments should be allocated, the monitoring of their absorption and the end impact in the economic cycle within a country.
Guest Editorial
Authors: Panagiotidis Theodore , Pelloni Gianluigi
Published: November 2021

A short presentation and description of the papers that have been selected from the First workshop of the Regional Studies Research Network on Geographical Localisation, Intersectoral Reallocation of Labour and Unemployment Differentials (GLUNLAB).
Paper withdrawn by the editors
Authors: - -
Published: November 2021

The paper “Migration Impact Assessment: A Review of Evidence-Based Findings “ by Peter Nijkamp published in vol. 4(2), 2012, has been withdrawn by the editors because significant parts of the paper appeared in other publications of the author without proper citation.
The Dynamics of Disease in a Regulated Vertically Differentiated Health System
Authors: Lambertini Luca , Tampieri Alessandro
Published: November 2021

We build up a differential game to investigate the interplay between the quality of health care and the presence of an evolving disease in a duopoly where patients are heterogeneous along the income dimension. We study the Markov perfect equilibrium, and we identify the admissible parameter region wherein price regulation achieves the twofold objectives of ensuring cares to all patients and heal all of them.
Bayesian Methods for Empirical Macroeconomics with Big Data
Authors: Koop Gary
Published: November 2021

Bayesian econometric methods are increasingly popular in empirical macroeconomics. They have been particularly popular among macroeconomists working with Big Data (where the number of variables under study is large relative to the number of observations). This paper, which is based on a keynote address at the Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis' 2016 Money-Macro-Finance Workshop, explains why this is so. It discusses the problems that arise with conventional econometric methods and how Bayesian methods can successfully overcome them either through use of prior shrinkage or through model averaging. The discussion is kept at a relatively non-technical level, providing the main ideas underlying and motivation for the models and methods used. It begins with single-equation models (such as regression) with many explanatory variables, then moves on to multiple equation models (such as Vector Autoregressive, VAR, models) before tacking the challenge caused by parameter change (e.g. changes in VAR coefficients or volatility). It concludes with an example of how the Bayesian can address all these challenges in a large multi-country VAR involving 133 variables: 7 variables for each of 19 countries.
Lucidarius in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, and Czechia: Types of Reception in the mid-16th to the First Quarter of the 20th Century
Authors: Temčinas Sergejus
Published: November 2021

The article is focused on the problems of historical typology of the Slavic reception of the translated Lucidarius (Lucidář) in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, and Czechia throughout its existence. For the first time, a general overview of Slavic evidences is presented in a generalized way, reflecting various types of perception (positive, negative, and neutral) of the specific literary text and indicating the chronology of each of them. Based on these evidences, their historical interpretation is presented, which consists in identifying two qualitatively different stages in the reception of the text under consideration: emotionally engaged (it can equally manifest itself in a positive or negative attitude) and neutral. The change of these historical stages took place in different Slavic countries within half a century (from the 1850s/60s to the 1920s). This process did not depend on the national characteristics of the functioning of Lucidaria, for example, the number of translations performed or their manuscript copies made, as well as the presence or the absence of a local Slavic printed tradition of this particular text, which significantly influenced the degree of its dissemination and, consequently, the level of acquaintance with it in the reading public.
Which Piotr Skarga’s Edition of Żywoty Świętych Was Used for Translation into Old Church Slavonic: The Life of St. Procopius of Scythopolis
Authors: Sapozhnikova Galina
Published: November 2021

The article deals with a small private episode of the general topic of research into Cyrillic translations of an extensive Polish book Żywoty Świętych by Piotr Skarga, a Jesuit and the first rector of the Vilnius University. Using as an example the Old Church Slavonic life of St. Procopius of Scythopolis, translated from Skarga’s book and contained in two manuscripts originating from the territories of the Kingdom of Poland, the author shows that a comparison of the Church Slavonic translation with its Polish original, taking into account all textual changes made in the lifetime editions of Żywoty Świętych makes it possible to determine the exact edition used as a source for the Old Church Slavonic the translation. At the same time, this will serve as a chronological marker indicating the time before which the translation could not have appeared
Magpie in Lithuanian and Slavic Ethnic Culture
Authors: Jasiūnaitė Birutė
Published: November 2021

The article, based on a variety of ethnolinguistic material, especially folklore texts, aims to reveal the main similarities and differences in the interpretation of the image of the magpie in the ethnic culture of Lithuanians and Slavs. This bird in two traditions, in Lithuanian and in Slavonic, is treated ambivalently, more often negatively. This is due to the peculiarities of the bird’s appearance, and in particular the variegation of its plumage. This characteristic feature in the ethnic culture of many peoples is traditionally associated with evil spirits. Too talkative people, most often women, are compared with this bird. Common is the motive of the thief magpie. The name of the bird in all the languages is feminine, therefore, in both Lithuanian and Slavic mythopoetic texts, the social roles of a peasant woman are attributed to it: a daughter-in-law, a mother, a hostess, a cook, a nanny. Another common feature is the image of a magpie as a sorceress, herald of good or evil news and future events. These functions are associated with the tendency to depict witches and other mythical characters in the form of a magpie. The most striking differences in the interpretation of the magpie are the following ones: it is unusual for Lithuanians to associate the idea of procreation with it, and some Slavs (for example, the Czechs) believe that magpies bring children into the house. Lithuanians are also unaware of some features of the “working” behavior of a magpie, for example, the threshing motive. In their turn, Lithuanians attribute such crafts as shoemaking, brewing, and agriculture to magpies.
Risk Management and Assessment in Software Development Projects
Authors:   G.E. Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Saveliev D.V.
Published: November 2021

The article defines the concept of threat model. Described a list of current security guidelines for the development and administration of web systems. Formed the list of cybersecurity threats, the consequences of their implementation are determined. Described the process of forming a model of cybersecurity threats of web systems. Defined the list of threats based on the recommendations and experience of authoritative organizations in the world and Ukraine. Defined the concepts of risk, risk index and risk status for the security of web systems. Defined the main principles of risk management in software development projects.
On conditions of strong, of degree $p$, summability of number series
Authors: Polovina N.T. , Slepenchuk K.M.
Published: November 2021

We establish the conditions of $[\Gamma]_p$-summability of number series, more convenient for applications. Besides, we establish the conditions of $[A]$-summability of number series and give applications of proved theorems in case of strong summability of double series.
“O Partido não é patrimônio de um”
Authors: Axt Gunter
Published: November 2021

O artigo investiga as eleições municipais de Sant’Anna do Livramento, no Rio Grande do Sul, em 1916, conjuntura de crise na economia, na qual se processava nova cisão no interior do Partido Republicano Rio-Grandense (PRR), questionando o comando do Presidente do Estado Antônio Augusto Borges de Medeiros. Se em nível estadual a disputa era protagonizada por Ramiro Barcellos, desgostoso com a escolha de Hermes da Fonseca para concorrer à vaga senatorial do Estado, na esteira de urdiduras do Senador Pinheiro Machado, em Livramento o Coronel João Francisco Pereira de Souza – ex-todo-poderoso comandante do IIº Regimento Provisório estacionado no Quartel do Cati até 1909 –, fracassado em negócios privados e rompido com Borges e os Flores da Cunha desde 1910, tentava retorno à vida pública, tendo como principal aliado o Senador Pinheiro Machado, morto em 1915. O episódio ilustra a dinâmica das relações de poder no RS borgiano bem como o funcionamento do antigo PRR.
Novas Perspectivas Sobre o Federalismo da Primeira República
Authors: Júnior Antonio Gasparetto
Published: November 2021

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Nobreza, igualdade e democracia
Authors: Silva Camila Borges da
Published: November 2021

Após a independência do Brasil, com a adoção das idéias liberais, os modelos hierárquicos do Antigo Regime passaram a ser repensados. Embora a nobreza tenha sido incorporada ao novo Império que se estabelecia, isso não ocorreu de forma pacífica e sem contestação. Alguns grupos políticos questionaram a existência da nobreza a contrapondo a um outro modelo hierárquico proveniente do liberalismo, onde haveria a primazia dos méritos, capacidades e virtudes. Na busca de uma profunda incorporação dos critérios liberais, determinados atores políticos, chamados de “exaltados” e entendidos como portadores de um liberalismo radical, incorporaram a seu vocabulário termos como igualdade e democracia. O objetivo do artigo é analisar o discurso sobre estes termos presente no jornal Nova Luz Brasileira, atribuído a essa corrente liberal radical e exaltada, para que se possa estabelecer as visões sobre as hierarquias sociais presentes no mesmo.
Arquivando a Pandemia
Authors: Maia Andréa Casa Nova
Published: November 2021

Os anos de 2020 e 2021 trouxeram transformações significativas em nossas vidas. Novos hábitos foram inseridos no cotidiano a partir da necessidade de isolamento social e a forma como encaramos a morte também foi radicalmente afetada. O artigo procura refletir sobre o papel fundamental do historiador no registro da pandemia a partir da apresentação de quatro trabalhos produzidos ao longo deste período que diretamente relacionaram o arquivo, a memória e a pandemia por Covid-19. O debate gira em torno da possibilidade de reflexão sobre o “dever de memória” e produção de documentos que poderão, no futuro, informar sobre, inclusive, como o Brasil chegou ao patamar de mais de meio milhão de mortes pela doença em tão pouco tempo.
APPLICABILITY OF BUSINESS MODELS IN THE SOCIAL AND SOLIDARITY ECONOMY AMONG SOCIAL ENTERPRISES IN BULGARIA
Authors: Stoyanov K. , Zhelyazkov G.
Published: November 2021

Social entrepreneurship in Bulgaria is known as a sector, but only a year ago it was legally recognized as a form of business activity. At the same time, the difference in the development of the sector in individual countries does not have a key influence on the implementation of the main activities and social goals of individual organizations. The existence of several business models, which are observed among enterprises in the social and solidarity economy sector, are in general not directly dependent on the regulatory environment in which they operate. This determines the ability to monitor the applicability of those business models in question under different external conditions. The article aims to look at how social enterprises in Bulgaria integrate the various business models, that are known in the sector and to what extent they are influenced by the existing legal framework in the country.
TRADE MARKS IN EUROPE AND THEIR COMPETITIVENESS
Authors: Nikolova-Minkova V.
Published: November 2021

The development of modern business depends to a large extent on consumers and their choice. This is a reason for the companies to compete in creating powerful trademarks through which to attract more consumers and gain a greater market share. Objects of scientific interest in this study are the formed image of the trademarks and the degree of consumer loyalty to them that affects the value of the brands. The purpose of the present study is to explore the leading European brands and to analyze the conditions for developing their competitiveness. In this regard, by applying empirical methods of research (study, comparison and analysis of expert assessments), the paper clarifies the essence of the trademarks and brands and considers the formation of their value based on the image built. The results of the methods used reveal the most valuable for European trademarks, as well as the prerequisites for forming consumer loyalty to them. In conclusion, recommendations are made to increase the competitiveness of brands, which can contribute to increasing consumer loyalty.
Electronic, Magnetic and Spin-polarized Transport Properties of the Zigzag-Zigzag Penta-graphene Nanoribbon
Authors: Tien Nguyen Thanh , Tuan Nguyen Thanh , Thao Pham Thi Bich
Published: November 2021

Electronic, magnetic and spin-polarized transport properties of the zigzag-zigzag pentagraphene nanoribbon are investigated theoretically within the framework of density functional theory combined with non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism. It is found that the spinunpolarized ZZ-PGNR behaves as metal. However, the spin-polarized ZZ-PGNRs show to be the magnetic semiconductor properties. More importantly, for the ZZ-PGNRs based device, the spin-filtering effect occurs strongly near Fermi level. Our findings suggest that ZZ-PGNRs might hold a significant promise for developing spintronic devices.
Investigation of the FCNC Processes in the 3-4-1-1 Model
Authors: Huong D. T. , Thuy L. X. , Nhuan N. T. , Phuong H. T.
Published: November 2021

We study the FCNC problems in  3-4-1-1  model in a way different from the previous work. The sources of FCNC at the tree-level in the  3-4-1-1 model come from both the gauge and scalar sectors. We show that the most stringently bound on the tree-level FCNC interactions comes from the meson oscillations. The lower bound on the new physics scale is imposed more tightly than in the previous work, \(M_{new} > 22\) TeV. On the allowed value domain of the new physical scale, we show that the contribution of the tree-level FCNC interactions to the BrB\(_s \rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^-)\) is negligible.
Role of honeybees in horticultural crop productivity enhancement
Authors: Joshi Udit , Kothiyal Kiran , Kumar Yogesh , Bhatt Rajendra
Published: November 2021

Pollination is vital to conserve the planet’s vast wealth of biodiversity.The pollinator is a living organism transporting pollen grains from the male part to the flower’s fertilizing stigma.Fruit and seed set mainly in cross-pollinated crops dependon honeybees since their bodily parts have been engineered to capture the most pollen grains possible andhavea rapid reproductive rate. Insects are responsible for about 80% of all pollination activity, with bees accounting for over 80% of all insect pollination.Every day, a given bee colony may pollinate about 300 million flowers.Honey bees are considered the finest pollinators among all that contribute to pollination and generate honey and other hive products that add to farm income. The benefits of growing crops yield much more than the income generated by selling honey and other products.Many studies also demonstrate that pesticide application became a significant issue in most crops and antagonistically influence the honey bee population. Hence, great care must be taken to safeguard insect pollinators, particularly honey bees, against pesticide poisoning.The importance of pollinator species richness in their natural environment and function in crop improvement must be recognized. This review provides a broad overview of pollination difficulties that farmers face and an explanation of the importance of pollination in boosting food and nutritional security by improving the productivity of horticultural crops.