bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two‐tiered deep‐learning‐based model for histologic diagnosis of Helicobacter gastritis
Authors: Lin Yi‐Jyun , Chen Chi‐Chung , Lee Chia‐Hsiang , Yeh Chao‐Yuan , Jeng Yung‐Ming
Published: July 2023

Aims

Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is the most common cause of chronic gastritis worldwide. Due to the small size of HP and limited resolution, diagnosing HP infections is more difficult when using digital slides.

Methods and Results

We developed a two‐tier deep‐learning‐based model for diagnosing HP gastritis. A whole‐slide model was trained on 885 whole‐slide images (WSIs) with only slide‐level labels (positive or negative slides). An auxiliary model was trained on 824 areas with HP in nine positive WSIs and 446 negative WSIs for localizing HP. The whole‐slide model performed well, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.9739 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9545–0.9932). The calculated sensitivity and specificity were 93.3% and 90.1%, respectively, whereas those of pathologists were 93.3% and 84.2%, respectively. Using the auxiliary model, the highlighted areas of the localization maps had an average precision of 0.5796.

Conclusions

HP gastritis can be diagnosed on haematoxylin‐and‐eosin‐stained WSIs with human‐level accuracy using a deep‐learning‐based model trained on slide‐level labels and an auxiliary model for localizing HP and confirming the diagnosis. This two‐tiered model can shorten the diagnostic process and reduce the need for special staining.
Response to social media influencers: Consumer dispositions as drivers
Authors: Bailey Ainsworth Anthony , Mishra Aditya Shankar , Vaishnav Khushboo
Published: July 2023

Brand managers use social media influencers (SMIs) to influence consumers' attitudes and intentions. However, there is still ambiguity about the mechanisms by which SMIs influence their followers, as well as the metrics by which their performance can be evaluated. The existing literature has restricted itself to consumers' purchase intentions in order to evaluate SMIs influence and is silent on the role of the consumers' individual characteristics in SMIs influence mechanisms. Based on these research gaps and to provide a clearer picture of the SMI influence mechanism to practitioners, the present study assesses the role of consumer characteristics such as their social media attachment (SMA), parasocial relationships with social media influencer (PSR‐SMIs), and susceptibility to SMIs influence (SSMII) in driving consumer response to SMIs influence through SMI compliance intentions. Study 1 found the sequential mediational role of PSR‐SMIs and SSMII in the SMA‐SMI compliance intentions relationship. Study 2 found the same sequential mediation and demonstrated how SMI skepticism negatively moderates the relationship between PSR‐SMIs and SMI compliance intentions. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that this skepticism variable is being explored in the SMI literature.
Sexual function using the EORTC QLQ‐TC26 in testicular cancer survivors: A multi‐institutional, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Koyama Juntaro , Yamashita Shinichi , Kakimoto Kenichi , Uemura Motohide , Kishida Takeshi , Kawai Koji , Nakamura Terukazu , Goto Takayuki , Osawa Takahiro , Nishimura Kazuo , Nonomura Norio , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Shiraishi Takumi , Ukimura Osamu , Ogawa Osamu , Shinohara Nobuo , Suzukamo Yoshimi , Ito Akihiro , Arai Yoichi
Published: July 2023

Objective

To evaluate sexual function after treatment using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐Testicular Cancer 26 (EORTC QLQ‐TC26) questionnaire in Japanese testicular cancer (TC) survivors in a multi‐institutional, cross‐sectional study.

Methods

This study enrolled TC survivors who visited any of eight high‐volume institutions in Japan from 2018 to 2019. After obtaining informed consent, participants completed the EORTC QLQ‐TC26 questionnaires. We evaluated sexual function after treatment for TC using the EORTC QLQ‐TC26 and analyzed the impact of treatment on sexual function in TC survivors.

Results

A total of 567 TC survivors responded to the EORTC QLQ‐TC26. Median age at the time of response was 43 years (interquartile range [IQR] 35–51 years), and median follow‐up period after treatment was 5.2 years (IQR 2.2–10.0 years). Sexual function, particularly ejaculatory function, was significantly lower after post‐chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC‐RPLND) than after Surveillance or Chemotherapy groups (p < 0.05). In the PC‐RPLND group, nerve‐sparing procedure preserved postoperative ejaculatory function after RPLND compared with the non‐nerve‐sparing and offered improved ejaculatory function with time. On multivariate analysis, RPLND was a significant predictor of post‐treatment ejaculatory dysfunction, particularly without nerve‐sparing (odds ratio 3.0, 95% CI 1.2–7.7, p < 0.05). In addition, TC survivors with nerve‐sparing RPLND had higher sexual activity than those without.

Conclusion

This survey of the EORTC QLQ‐TC26 showed that sexual function and activity in TC survivors after RPLND was reduced in the absence of nerve‐sparing techniques.
Recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer: Evidence update of surgical concept, risk stratification, andBCG‐treated disease
Authors: Miyake Makito , Nishimura Nobutaka , Fujii Tomomi , Fujimoto Kiyohide
Published: July 2023

In the management of non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), disease progression and long‐term control are determined by the intensity of delivered treatment and surveillance and the cancer cells' biological nature. This requires risk stratification–based postoperative management, such as intravesical instillation of chemotherapy drugs, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), and radical cystectomy. Advancements in mechanical engineering, molecular biology, and surgical skills have evolved the clinical management of NMIBC. In this review, we describe the updated evidence and perspectives regarding the following aspects: (1) advancements in surgical concepts, techniques, and devices for transurethral resection of the bladder tumor; (2) advancements in risk stratification tools for NMIBC; and (3) advancements in treatment strategies for BCG‐treated NMIBC. Repeat transurethral resection, en‐bloc transurethral resection, and enhanced tumor visualization, including photodynamic diagnosis and narrow‐band imaging, help reduce residual cancer cells, provide accurate diagnosis and staging, and sensitive detection, which are the first essential steps for cancer cure. Risk stratification should always be updated and improved because the treatment strategy changes over time. The BCG‐treated disease concept has recently diversified to include BCG failure, resistance, refractory, unresponsiveness, exposure, and intolerance. A BCG‐unresponsive disease is an extremely aggressive subset unlikely to respond to a rechallenge with BCG. Numerous ongoing clinical trials aim to develop a future bladder‐sparing approach for very high‐risk BCG‐naïve NMIBC and BCG‐unresponsive NMIBC. The key to improving the quality of patient care lies in the continuous efforts to overcome the clinical limitations of bedside management.
COVID‐19 coping experiences of individuals with schizophrenia: A grounded theory approach in Korea
Authors: Shin Soyoung , Joung Jaewon
Published: July 2023

Humankind has responded to the profound medical, economic, social, and cultural consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) by employing various strategies. However, although individuals with mental disorders, including schizophrenia, have suffered more challenges from the infectious disease spread, they have received inadequate attention and care. Hence, this study aimed to explore the experiences of individuals with schizophrenia coping with COVID‐19; one‐to‐one interviews were conducted with 17 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia in Korea. The data were analysed using grounded theory methodology. The results showed that individuals with schizophrenia became distanced from the routine care they received before COVID‐19, faced a dual threat from their mental illness and the emerging infectious disease, and experienced inequity and paradoxical situations. Nevertheless, they strived to live their daily lives by utilizing non‐face‐to‐face access, seeking support from mental health professionals, and devising self‐help measures. Moreover, reflecting on their lives throughout the pandemic after returning to their regular daily lives provided an opportunity for healing and growth. This study's results can provide evidence for treating individuals with schizophrenia and other mental disorders during subsequent infectious disease spread. Practical policies and interventions tailored to their vulnerabilities are required.
Racial microaggressions: Identifying factors affecting perceived severity and exploring strategies to reduce harm
Authors: Jenkins Michael , Deol Amitoze , Irvine Alexandra , Tamburro Meagan , Qiu Jessica , Obhi Sukhvinder S.
Published: July 2023

Microaggressions are speech or actions constituting indirect, subtle, or unintentional acts of discrimination, and awareness of their harmful effects has grown in recent years. Increased awareness could improve inter‐group interactions, but also poses challenges. Fear of misspeaking, or fear of being subject to microaggressions can stifle interactions. We investigated how people from different racial and ethnic groups and political orientations judge the severity of various forms of racial microaggressions, and we tested a specific strategy to mitigate the harm of racial microaggressions. Specifically, in Experiment 1, White participants (WP) and participants of colour (POC) rated the severity of various microaggressions (depicted in vignettes). Participants also reported their political orientation and strength of racial/ethnic identity. Regardless of racial/ethnic group, left‐leaning political orientation was associated with higher perceived severity of racial microaggressions. Furthermore, severity ratings from POC were higher for those who identified more strongly with their ethnic/racial group. In Experiment 2, we again obtained severity ratings, but we used microaggression vignettes that were manipulated to reveal the source s mindset as either reparatory and open‐minded (ROM), or not. Critically, severity ratings were significantly lower for vignettes in which ROM was messaged. The importance of these results is twofold. First, they reveal that political orientation can override other factors like racial group membership when judging the severity of racial microaggressions, and second, they show that augmenting problematic speech with information about mindset, can mitigate perceived harm. Overall, this work contributes to a richer understanding of microaggressions, and has implications for theory and practice.
Organizational nostalgia as a novel pathway toward greater employee well‐being
Authors: Kawasaki Shota , Zou Xi , Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine
Published: July 2023

Employee well‐being is a critical consideration for organizations. It may be particularly so in the post COVID‐19 era, where many still suffer from the pandemic's after‐effects. We propose a novel pathway to maintain and improve employee well‐being: organizational nostalgia, one's sentimental longing or wistful affection for past organizational events. We advocate that organizational nostalgia is associated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment and that telecommuting frequency (i.e., the extent to which employees work remotely) moderates this association. Additionally, we examine employees' perceptions of organizational cultural strength as an antecedent of organizational nostalgia. Findings from two studies support our theoretical proposals and offer fresh insight into how organizations could sustain their employees' well‐being by leveraging organizational nostalgia.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with a prior history of atrial fibrillation: Insights from four major clinical trials
Authors: Dalgaard Frederik , Fudim Marat , Al‐Khatib Sana M. , Friedman Daniel J. , Abraham William T. , Cleland John G. F. , Curtis Anne B. , Gold Michael R. , Kutyifa Valentina , Linde Cecilia , Young James , Ali‐Ahmed Fatima , Tang Anthony , Olivas‐Martinez Antonio , Inoue Lurdes Y. T. , Sanders Gillian D.
Published: July 2023

Aims

To investigate the association of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on outcomes among participants with and without a history of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

Individual‐patient‐data from four randomized trials investigating CRT‐Defibrillators (COMPANION, MADIT‐CRT, REVERSE) or CRT‐Pacemakers (COMPANION, MIRACLE) were analyzed. Outcomes were time to a composite of heart failure hospitalization or all‐cause mortality or to all‐cause mortality alone. The association of CRT on outcomes for patients with and without a history of AF was assessed using a Bayesian‐Weibull survival regression model adjusting for baseline characteristics.

Results

Of 3964 patients included, 586 (14.8%) had a history of AF; 2245 (66%) were randomized to CRT. Overall, CRT reduced the risk of the primary composite endpoint (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.69, 95% credible interval [CI]: 0.56–0.81). The effect was similar (posterior probability of no interaction = 0.26) in patients with (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.55–1.10) and without a history of AF (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.55–0.80). In these four trials, CRT did not reduce mortality overall (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.66–1.01) without evidence of interaction (posterior probability of no interaction = 0.14) for patients with (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.70–1.74) or without a history of AF (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60–0.97).

Conclusion

The association of CRT on the composite endpoint or mortality was not statistically different for patients with or without a history of AF, but this could reflect inadequate power. Our results call for trials to confirm the benefit of CRT recipients with a history of AF.
How therapists respond to “uneven” alliances in couple and family therapy: A conversation‐analytic study
Authors: Janusz Bernadetta , Pawelczyk Joanna , Józefik Barbara
Published: July 2023

This article examines how family and couple therapists respond to uneven alliances with their clients at the micro‐level of therapeutic exchanges in the context of Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) interviews. We operationalize uneven alliance with the interactional concept of asymmetry of affiliation. To this end, first, using conversation analysis (CA), we identify episodes of asymmetry of affiliation in the moment‐by‐moment conversation between the therapist and the client in therapy consultation. Second, applying CA to the IPR interview data, we examine how therapists orient to the episodes of the session in which the asymmetry of affiliation was identified. The findings demonstrate therapists' two key practices of orienting to the episodes of asymmetry of affiliation: (1) therapists' exclusive identification with one participant by typically invoking gender roles and (2) therapists' investigation of their agency in the emergence of asymmetry.
Impact of diagnosis and treatment of uterine fibroids on quality of life and labor productivity: The Japanese online survey for uterine fibroids and quality of life (JOYFUL survey)
Authors: Koga Kaori , Fukui Motoko , Fujisawa Masaki , Suzukamo Yoshimi
Published: July 2023

Aim

To investigate the impact of uterine fibroid diagnosis/treatment status on quality of life (QOL) and work productivity in women living in Japan.

Methods

Women aged 20–49 years who registered on Macromill were recruited via the opt‐in method. They completed an online survey on demographic and uterine fibroid diagnosis/treatment status, 36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey, Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Health‐Related Quality of Life questionnaire (UFS‐QOL), and World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire.

Results

There were 4120 respondents: 1362 untreated, 249 with ongoing treatment, 449 with past treatment, 1030 with no uterine fibroids, and 1030 with unknown uterine fibroid status. A high proportion of women with ongoing treatment had moderate to severe uterine fibroid‐like symptoms (symptom severity score of UFS‐QOL ≥40 points), accompanied by reduced QOL. QOL was improved in women with past treatment. Uterine fibroids had a significant impact on physical and psychosocial aspects in the ongoing treatment group versus other groups. Using classification and regression tree analysis, anemia was identified as a plausible predictor of reduced QOL in the ongoing treatment group. Approximately 20% of women—even in groups other than the ongoing treatment group—experienced moderate to severe uterine fibroid‐like symptoms. However, the diagnosis and treatment status of uterine fibroids had no clear impact on work productivity.

Conclusions

Uterine fibroids, especially in association with anemia, were related to reduced QOL. Given that uterine fibroid‐related reduced QOL is likely improved by appropriate treatment, women with uterine fibroid‐like symptoms, such as menorrhagia, should be examined and treated.
Utility of serum amyloid A in monitoring clinical response to antimicrobial treatment in horses with bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Hepworth‐Warren Kate L. , Estell Krista , Cowles Bobby , Amodie Deborah , Crisman Mark
Published: July 2023

Background

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute phase protein in horses which could be a useful tool for assessing clinical response to treatment of bacterial pneumonia in adult horses.

Objectives

To monitor SAA concentration in response to treatment and identify associations among SAA concentration, WBC and neutrophil counts, and fibrinogen in bacterial pneumonia in adult horses.

Animals

Eighteen adult horses with bacterial pneumonia.

Methods

Prospective clinical study. Horses hospitalized with bacterial pneumonia were enrolled and SAA concentration and vital signs were assessed daily. SAA concentration was measured by a handheld meter. CBC and plasma fibrinogen were assessed on days 0, 1, and 2, then every 3 days until discharge. Data were not normally distributed and therefore were log transformed. Log‐transformed data were analyzed and comparisons were performed on LSMeans by the 2‐sided Student's t‐test at the 5% level of significance.

Results

Geometric mean SAA concentration on day 0 was 537 μg/mL (SE 383 μg/mL). Geometric mean SAA concentration decreased significantly over time (P = .0001), peaking at day 2 (geomean 1038 μg/mL, SE 261.7 μg/mL) and decreasing until discharge. Plasma concentration of fibrinogen (P = .06), neutrophil count (P = .48), and WBC count (P = .07) did not change significantly over time.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

SAA concentration decreased significantly over the course of treatment and correlated with clinical improvement of pneumonia whereas fibrinogen, neutrophil, and WBC counts did not.
Does Nonlinguistic Segmentation Predict Literacy in Second Language Education? Statistical Learning in Ivorian Primary Schools
Authors: Zinszer Benjamin D. , Hannon Joelle , Kouadio Aya Élise , Akpé Hermann , Tanoh Fabrice , Hu Anqi , Qi Zhenghan , Jasińska Kaja
Published: July 2023

Statistical learning is a learning mechanism that does not directly depend on knowledge of a language but predicts language and literacy outcomes for children and adults. Research linking statistical learning and literacy has not addressed a common educational context in primary schools worldwide: children who first learn to read in their second language (L2). Several studies have linked statistical learning with childhood literacy in Australia, China, Europe, and the United States, and we preregistered an adaptation for Côte d'Ivoire, where students are educated in French and speak a local language at home. We recruited 117 sixth‐graders from primary schools in several villages and tested for correlations greater than .30 between statistical learning and literacy with 80–90% power. We found no evidence for these correlations between statistical learning and literacy, but visual statistical learning was correlated with L2 phonological awareness, a crucial emergent‐literacy skill. This finding underscores the need to include L2 acquisition contexts in literacy research.
Efficient multiple gene knockout in Colletotrichum higginsianum via CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein and URA3‐based marker recycling
Authors: Yonehara Katsuma , Kumakura Naoyoshi , Motoyama Takayuki , Ishihama Nobuaki , Dallery Jean‐Félix , O'Connell Richard , Shirasu Ken
Published: July 2023

Colletotrichum higginsianum is a hemibiotrophic pathogen that causes anthracnose disease on crucifer hosts, including Arabidopsis thaliana. Despite the availability of genomic and transcriptomic information and the ability to transform both organisms, identifying C. higginsianum genes involved in virulence has been challenging due to recalcitrance to gene targeting and redundancy of virulence factors. To overcome these obstacles, we developed an efficient method for multiple gene disruption in C. higginsianum by combining CRISPR/Cas9 and a URA3‐based marker recycling system. Our method significantly increased the efficiency of gene knockout via homologous recombination by introducing genomic DNA double‐strand breaks. We demonstrated the applicability of the URA3‐based marker recycling system for multiple gene targeting in the same strain. Using our technology, we successfully targeted two melanin biosynthesis genes, SCD1 and PKS1, which resulted in deficiency in melanization and loss of pathogenicity in the mutants. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods in analysing virulence factors in C. higginsianum, thus accelerating research on plant–fungus interactions.
Biosynthesis of kratom opioids
Authors: Kim Kyunghee , Shahsavarani Mohammadamin , Garza‐García Jorge Jonathan Oswaldo , Carlisle Jack Edward , Guo Jun , De Luca Vincenzo , Qu Yang
Published: July 2023

Mitragynine, an analgesic alkaloid from the plant Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), offers a safer alternative to clinical opioids such as morphine, owing to its more favorable side effect profile. Although kratom has been traditionally used for stimulation and pain management in Southeast Asia, the mitragynine biosynthesis pathway has remained elusive.

We embarked on a search for mitragynine biosynthetic genes from the transcriptomes of kratom and other members of the Rubiaceae family. We studied their functions in vitro and in vivo.

Our investigations led to the identification of several reductases and an enol methyltransferase that forms a new clade within the SABATH methyltransferase family. Furthermore, we discovered a methyltransferase from Hamelia patens (firebush), which catalyzes the final step. With the tryptamine 4‐hydroxylase from the psychedelic mushroom Psilocybe cubensis, we accomplished the four‐step biosynthesis for mitragynine and its stereoisomer, speciogynine in both yeast and Escherichia coli when supplied with tryptamine and secologanin.

Although we have yet to pinpoint the authentic hydroxylase and methyltransferase in kratom, our discovery completes the mitragynine biosynthesis. Through these breakthroughs, we achieved the microbial biosynthesis of kratom opioids for the first time. The remarkable enzyme promiscuity suggests the possibility of generating derivatives and analogs of kratom opioids in heterologous systems.
Finding what works—Patients' long‐term experiences of weight maintenance post bariatric surgery: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: MacAskill William , Gillanders Tobias , Wylie Neil , Pinidiyapathirage Janani
Published: July 2023

Individuals with obesity can attain significant weight loss in a relatively short timeframe following bariatric surgery; however, new healthy behaviors must be sustained in perpetuity to maintain weight loss. This study investigates patients' views on the facilitators and barriers to long‐term weight loss maintenance following bariatric surgery. Systematic searches of Medline, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases identified 403 studies with 15 fitting the study inclusion criteria. Included studies were independently appraised using Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). Data extraction and thematic synthesis generated three themes: changing food relationships, navigating inter‐ and intrapersonal influences, and caring health professionals. These appeared across six organizing sub‐themes: building new food relationships, creating healthy habits, relationships with others, internalized stressors, finding and defining success, and ongoing patient education. Patients experienced a variety of barriers and facilitators to weight loss maintenance, with some facilitators diminishing over time. The findings demonstrate the importance of considering patients' perspectives and individual contexts to assist them to negotiate and overcome challenges to long‐term weight loss maintenance post‐bariatric surgery.
Deciphering peanut complex genomes paves a way to understand its origin and domestication
Authors: Pan Yuxin , Zhuang Yuhui , Liu Tao , Chen Hua , Wang Lihui , Varshney Rajeev K. , Zhuang Weijian , Wang Xiyin
Published: July 2023

Peanut (Arachis) is a key oil and protein crop worldwide with large genome. The genomes of diploid and tetraploid peanuts have been sequenced, which were compared to decipher their genome structures, evolutionary, and life secrets. Genome sequencing efforts showed that different cultivars, although Bt homeologs being more privileged in gene retention and gene expression. This subgenome bias, extended to sequence variation and point mutation, might be related to the long terminal repeat (LTR) explosions after tetraploidization, especially in At subgenomes. Except that, whole‐genome sequences revealed many important genes, for example, fatty acids and triacylglycerols pathway, NBS‐LRR (nucleotide‐binding site‐leucine‐rich repeats), and seed size decision genes, were enriched after recursive polyploidization. Each ancestral polyploidy, with old ones having occurred hundreds of thousand years ago, has thousands of duplicated genes in extant genomes, contributing to genetic novelty. Notably, although full genome sequences are available, the actual At subgenome ancestor has still been elusive, highlighted with new debate about peanut origin. Although being an orphan crop lagging behind other crops in genomic resources, the genome sequencing achievement has laid a solid foundation for advancing crop enhancement and system biology research of peanut.
Everyday administrative burdens and inequality
Authors: Martin Lucie , Delaney Liam , Doyle Orla
Published: July 2023

Administrative burdens create costly experiences for citizens, especially disadvantaged groups. Research to date focuses on how burdens affect outcomes in specific policy contexts, thus little is known about cumulative experiences of burdens in everyday life and their distribution in society. This is the first study to document everyday administrative experiences, accounting for time and well‐being costs across 10 domains: tax, retirement, government benefits, bills, goods and services, savings, debt, health, child care, and adult care. Survey results from 2243 UK adults show that administrative tasks are a significant part of everyday life, with time and well‐being costs that vary by domain. Benefits‐related tasks are particularly costly. There is evidence of distributive effects. Those in poor health and financial insecurity are more likely to engage in salient tasks, such as benefits, but less likely to engage with longer‐term tasks including savings and retirement. They experience higher well‐being costs, especially during salient tasks.
Integrated analysis of aboveground and belowground indicators support a comprehensive evaluation of ecosystem recovery
Authors: Dorrough Josh , Val James , Travers Samantha K. , Wilson Brian , Eldridge David J. , Carrillo Yolima , Nielsen Uffe N. , Powell Jeff R. , Wilks Gabriel , McPherson Paul , Oliver Ian
Published: July 2023

Analyses of diverse aboveground and belowground indicators should underpin assessments of ecosystem recovery, yet monitoring many indicators is costly and their integration is challenging. Our objective was to combine indicators through a Bayesian hierarchical model to provide a comprehensive assessment of ecosystem status and identify a cost‐effective subset of indicators to provide an accurate estimate of ecosystem recovery. We assessed 59 aboveground–belowground indicators, classified into nine components of composition, structure, and function, to estimate the ecosystem status of restored rock spoils and reference forests in south‐eastern Australia. Overall ecosystem status, which integrates across ecosystem components and supporting indicators, was lower within restored forests but positively correlated with forest age. Reference forests had greater aboveground and belowground biotic structure, organic matter supply, and soil carbon stability, and trends were consistent among all of their supporting indicators. A subset of organic matter quality and nutrient cycling indicators were greater within restored forests, suggesting high ecosystem process rates, but that soil carbon may be more vulnerable to loss. Aboveground biotic structure was correlated with organic matter supply and quality, stability of soil carbon, the cycling of nutrients, and belowground biotic structure, providing evidence of aboveground–belowground coupling. A combination of four indicators representing belowground biotic structure, soil carbon stability, organic matter supply, and aboveground composition, provided a good estimate of ecosystem status at a third of the cost. Although ecosystem status can be monitored with a small set of indicators, a diversity of aboveground–belowground indicators provide a robust and comprehensive assessment of recovery.
Correlation between Acanthosis Nigricans Scoring Chart (ANSC) and narrowband reflectance spectrophotometer in assessing severity of acanthosis nigricans
Authors: Treesirichod Arucha , Kritsanaviparkporn Chawan , Sangaphunchai Phoomphut , Chansakulporn Somboon
Published: July 2023

Introduction

There is a lack of standardized tool to monitor treatment outcome of acanthosis nigricans. To meet this end, we developed the Acanthosis Nigricans Scoring Chart (ANSC) that evaluates skin color (score range of 1–8) and skin texture (score range of 1–6), which adds up to a total ANSC score (score range of 2–14). We aimed to determine the correlation of ANSC to narrowband reflectance spectrophotometry and to evaluate its reliability.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in adult acanthosis nigricans patients. Two raters independently graded participants using ANSC twice, in which scores were correlated to readings from Mexameter MX18. Intra‐ and interrater reliability were also evaluated via intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

Participants had mean (sd) melanin and erythema indices of 615.8 (176.2) and 451.4 (53.4), respectively. Mean (sd) total ANSC score was 9.43 (2.43). The total ANSC score and skin color subdomain demonstrated strong correlations (r > 0.6) with spectrophotometric results, whereas skin texture showed a moderate correlation (r = 0.4–0.6). Total ANSC score generally had excellent intra‐ and interrater reliabilities (ICC > 0.85).

Conclusion

The total ANSC score and its subdomains strongly correlate with spectrophotometer and demonstrate excellent reliability in assessing acanthosis nigricans.
A simulation workshop to introduce coping skills
Authors: Putnam Elizabeth M. , Stratton Kelcey J. , Lehrian Laura E. , Rochlen Lauryn R. , Zisblatt Lara
Published: July 2023

Background

Experiencing clinical catastrophes can result in long‐lasting emotional and psychological impacts. In other fields, crisis simulation has been used to train professionals in coping skills.

Approach

Our workshop combined a simulated case with a clinical debrief and expert‐led teaching on coping skills. The ‘4Rs’ mnemonic, Recognise, Reflect, Reframe and Reach‐out, describes the key elements. This is grounded in social, cognitive and behavioural theories of stress and coping.

Evaluation

All 96 anesthesiology residents from one residency programme participated, in small groups, and a mixed methods analysis was used. The scenario was deemed stressful. The workshop introduced new techniques, with 72/87 (82.75%) reporting new coping skills in use at 1‐month follow‐up. For many residents, the descriptive language regarding their performance and abilities shifted from critical, negative self‐talk to positive and team‐focused immediately following the workshop. A striking finding from evaluations at all timepoints was that negative comments were typically self‐referencing whereas positive ones referenced colleague support and the team.

Implications

Combining stress exposure with formal exploration of emotional responses and coping skills teaching in this workshop was feasible, with benefits at 1‐month follow‐up. This laid the groundwork for a resilience curriculum and wider departmental interest in the topic of coping and stress responses.
Productivity effects of trade in natural resources—comparison with mechanisms of technological specialisation
Authors: Zarach Zuzanna Helena , Parteka Aleksandra
Published: July 2023

This paper compares two alternative growth paths, assessing the effects on productivity of specialisation in natural resources (NR) and in technologically advanced products. The empirical analysis exploits product‐level export data for 109 developing and 51 developed economies over the period 1996–2018. We document two distinct types of specialisation, based on exports either of natural resources or of technological products, and compare their role in labour productivity growth by GMM estimation of a conditional convergence model. In general, natural resource exports weakly slow down growth but we find that the type of resources exported is important: Metals enhance productivity catch‐up and can stimulate growth in developing countries. Technological specialisation, especially in products typical of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, reinforces productivity growth but does not affect natural resources–productivity growth relationship.
Quantifying the costs of utilising regional trade agreements
Authors: Hayakawa Kazunobu , Jinji Naoto , Laksanapanyakul Nuttawut , Matsuura Toshiyuki , Yoshimi Taiyo
Published: July 2023

This study proposes an approach for quantifying two kinds of costs related to the utilisation of regional trade agreements (RTAs). The first, called the “procurement adjustment cost,” represents the cost involved in meeting the rules of origin by adjusting procurement sources. The second is the additional fixed cost required to utilise RTAs, including document preparation costs for the certificates of origin. Applying our approach to Thailand's imports from China, our estimates suggest that procurement adjustment costs at the median are equivalent to 4% of the per‐unit production cost. RTA utilisation also requires an additional 27% in fixed costs. In addition, we simulate how much a reduction in these costs would enhance RTA utilisation.
Media Dealing with International Crises: An Analytical Study of International Channels Through Social Networking Pages: “Al-Hurra” American Channel and “France24” Arabic Channels Examples
Authors: Farhi Faycal , Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: July 2023

The study aims to identify the interaction of the respondents with the issue of the Renaissance Dam “Al-Hurra” American channel and “France24” Arabic channels ‘pages. The study uses the descriptive approach through the sample survey method as a tool for data collection. The field sample consists of (400) students from the Universities of "Cairo and Minya" who have followed the Renaissance Dam issue on “Al-Hurra” American channel and “France24” Arabic channels ‘pages. It has been found that there are statistically significant differences between the forms of respondents' interaction with the issue of the Renaissance Dam on the pages of «Al-Hurra” American channel and "France24" Arabic channel, in favor of the "Al-Hurra” American channel" page. The value (T) = (4.22 **), significant at the level (0.01).
Influence of Disability-Inclusive Advertising on Behavioral Intention - An Intergenerational Analysis
Authors: Kulkarni Yukta , Iyer Kavitha
Published: July 2023

In recent years, although inclusive advertising has emerged as a vital focus for global brands, the representation of individuals with disabilities has predominantly been viewed through an ableist lens. The main purpose of this study is to examine the influence of disability-inclusive advertising on the behavioural intentions of Generations X and Z in relation to social inclusion. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), we investigated intergenerational attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, self-schemas, anticipated regret felt (moderators), and behavioral intention towards a disability-inclusive advertisement as the stimulus using a sample of 270 respondents recruited using stratified convenience sampling. While the study revealed impartiality of attitudes and subjective norms regarding disability inclusion, perceived behavioral control was affirmative and notably more robust in Generation X as compared to Generation Z. The analysis reveals positive behavioural intentions to promote social inclusion for individuals with disabilities. This study provides important contributions to marketing and sociology by highlighting the crucial role of inclusive advertising in fostering favorable behavioral intentions among targeted audiences. This unique study, represents initial investigation into inclusive advertising within the Indian context, with a specific emphasis on its capacity to foster a favourable socio-psychological change within two prominent societal groups.
Chemical conversion of MoS2 thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) into molybdenum nitride monitored by in situ reflectance measurements
Authors: Patouillard J. , Gassilloud R. , Mercier F. , Mantoux A. , Boichot R. , Crisci A. , Bernard M. , Gauthier N. , Cadot S. , Raynaud C. , Gianesello F. , Blanquet E.
Published: July 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) metal nitrides are new emerging materials with potential applications in electronics, energy storage, or conversion efficiency. In this paper, we report the synthesis of molybdenum nitride by nitriding molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) via a 700 °C ammonia (NH3) reactive heat treatment. A well-controlled uniform MoS2 thin film was prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The progressive MoS2 nitriding reaction has been demonstrated and monitored by in situ reflectance measurements. These results have been confirmed by Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectrometry. This method paves the way to a new potential route to the synthesis of Mo nitride obtained from a well-controlled uniform 2D-MoS2 thin film deposited by ALD.
Series resonance effects of a variable inductor termination on the nonpowered electrode in capacitively coupled plasmas
Authors: Moon Ho-Jun , Lee Jae-Won , Lee Ho-Won , Lim Yeong-Min , Jung Jiwon , Chung Chin-Wook
Published: July 2023

The effect of LC series resonance on the voltage of a nonpowered electrode in a capacitively coupled plasma is investigated by connecting a variable inductor to the nonpowered electrode. Two distinct LC series resonances are observed while varying the reactance of the variable inductor. The first resonance occurs between an inductor and a vacuum variable capacitor, thereby resulting in the voltage of the nonpowered electrode approaching zero. The reactance between the inductor and the vacuum variable capacitor is minimized at this resonance, thereby enabling the nonpowered electrode voltage to remain close to 0 V even with increased applied RF power. The second resonance is a series resonance between the variable inductor and the nonpowered electrode sheath, leading to a maximization of the nonpowered electrode voltage. The reactance between the variable inductor and the nonpowered electrode sheath is minimized at this resonance. As the applied RF power increases under the second resonance condition, the voltage of the nonpowered electrode increases, thereby resulting in a significant increase in the maximum electron density by approximately 35%. This increase in the electron density at the second resonance can be attributed to enhanced stochastic heating due to the sharp increase in the sheath voltage.
Spin States of Cobalt Ions in the Bulk and on the Surface of LaCoO3 Probed by X-ray Absorption, Emission, and Photoelectron Spectra
Authors: Galakhov V. R. , Udintseva M. S. , Smirnov D. A. , Makarova A. A. , Kuepper K.
Published: July 2023

We present X-ray photoelectron, Co $${{L}_{{2,3}}}$$ and O K X-ray absorption, as well as Co $$K{{\beta }_{{1,3}}}$$ X-ray emission spectroscopy results of studies of the spin states of trivalent cobalt ions in single-crystal cobaltite LaCoO3. We show that at room temperature, in the bulk of a LaCoO3 single crystal, Co3+ ions are in the low-spin state, while high-spin Co2+, high-spin Co3+, low-spin Co3+, and probably also intermediate-spin Co3+ ions are located on the surface.
Neutral Bremsstrahlung Electroluminescence in Noble Liquids Revisited
Authors: Buzulutskov A. F. , Frolov E. A.
Published: July 2023

Recent discovery of neutral bremsstrahlung (NBrS) mechanism of electroluminescence (EL) in noble gases in two-phase detectors for dark matter searches has led to a prediction that NBrS EL should be present in noble liquids as well. A rigorous theory of NBrS EL in noble liquids was developed accordingly in the framework of Cohen–Leckner and Atrazhev formalism. It has been recently followed by the first experimental observation of NBrS EL in liquid argon, which however deviates significantly from the previous theory. Given these results, we revise previous theoretical calculations of EL NBrS in noble liquids to be consistent with experiment. In particular, NBrS EL yield and spectra were calculated in this work for argon, krypton, and xenon with momentum-transfer cross section for electron scattering (instead of energy-transfer one) being used for calculation of NBrS cross section. The results for light noble liquids, helium and neon, are also reexamined.
Novel loci for ocular axial length identified through extreme-phenotype genome-wide association study in Chinese populations
Authors: Han Xiaotong , Pan Siyu , Liu Jialin , Ding Xiaohu , Lin Xingyan , Wang Decai , Xie Zhi , Zeng Changqing , Liu Fan , He Mingguang , Zhou Xiangtian , Liu Tianzi , Luo Lixia , Liu Yizhi
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To investigate genetic loci associated with ocular axial length (AL) in the Chinese population.

Methods

A genome-wide association study meta-analysis was conducted in totalling 2644 Chinese individuals from 3 cohorts: the Guangzhou cohort (GZ, 537 high myopes and 151 hyperopes), Wenzhou cohort (334 high myopes and 6 hyperopes) and Guangzhou Twin Eye Study (1051 participants with normally distributed AL). Functional mapping was performed to annotate the significant signals, possible tissues and cell types by integrating available multiomics data. Logistic regression models using AL-associated SNPs were constructed to predict three AL status in GZ.

Results

Two novel loci (1q25.2FAM163Aand 7p22.2SDK1) showed genome-wide significant associations with AL, together explaining 29.63% of AL variance in GZ. The two lead SNPs improved the prediction accuracy for AL status, especially for hyperopes. The frequencies of AL decreasing (less myopic) alleles of the two SNPs were lowest in East Asians as compared with other populations (rs17370084:fEAS=0.03,fEUR=0.24,fAFR=0.05; rs73046501:fEAS=0.06,fEUR=0.07,fAFR=0.20), which was in line with the global distribution of myopia. The cerebral cortex and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons showed possible functional involvement in myopia development, and the galactose metabolic pathways were significantly enriched.

Conclusion

Our study identified two population-specific novel loci for AL, expanding our understanding of the genetic basis of AL and providing evidence for a role of the nervous system and glucose metabolism in myopia pathogenesis.
Identifying the need for a UK colorectal cancer screening programme for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF): 10-year retrospective review of colonoscopy and colorectal cancer outcomes at a single CF centre
Authors: Sapru Karuna , Barry Peter , Jones Andrew , Walmsley John , Iqbal Javaid , Vasant Dipesh H
Published: July 2023

Objective

Patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) have a high incidence of early colorectal cancer (CRC). In the absence of a UK CRC screening programme for pwCF, we evaluated the utility and outcomes of colonoscopy and CRC at a large UK CF centre.

Design

In a retrospective study of colonoscopy and CRC outcomes between 2010 and 2020 in pwCF aged≥30 years at a large CF centre, data were collected on colonoscopy indications and findings, polyp detection rates, bowel preparation regimens and outcomes, colonoscopy completion rates, and patient outcomes.

Results

We identified 361 pwCF aged ≥30 years, of whom 135 were ≥40 years old. In the absence of a UK CRC screening guideline only 33 (9%)/361 pwCF aged ≥30 years (mean age: 44.8±11.0 years) had a colonoscopy between 2010 and 2020. Colonoscopy completion rate was 94.9%, with a 33% polyp detection rate, 93.8% of the polyps retrieved were premalignant. During the study period no patients developed postcolonoscopy CRC. However, of the patients aged ≥40 years who did not have a colonoscopy (111/135, 82.2%), four (3.6%) patients developed CRC and three pwCF died from complications of CRC.

Conclusion

In this 10-year experience from a large CF centre, colonoscopy uptake for symptomatic indications was low, yet of high yield for premalignant lesions in pwCF >40 years. These data highlight the risk of potentially preventable, early CRC, and therefore support the need for prospective, large-scale nationwide studies which may inform the need for UK CRC screening guidelines for pwCF.