bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los contextos Goya-Malabrigo del noreste argentino
Authors: Loponte Daniel , Acosta Alejandro
Published: December 2016

La unidad arqueológica Goya-Malabrigo agrupa poblaciones precoloniales de cazadores-recolectores complejos, adaptados al sistema pulsátil de la cuenca del río Paraná, insertos dentro de un proceso de intensificación en la explotación del ambiente basado en los peces y los mamíferos terrestres, con una ingesta secundaria de alimentos vegetales. Desarrollaron conductas densodependientes entre las que se incluyen la redundancia ocupacional, conductas territoriales con defensa activa de los espacios productivos, almacenamiento, generación de áreas formales de inhumación, la elevación de algunas bases residenciales y la generación de un equipo complejo de recipientes cerámicos destinados al procesamiento y almacenamiento de una fracción de los recursos. No existen por el momento dentro del registro, evidencias que permitan sostener la existencia de desigualdad institucionalizada. Las características observadas señalan notables similitudes con las otras unidades arqueológicas del área, con las cuales comparte un proceso evolutivo conjunto desarrollado a partir del III milenio AP como mínimo, dentro un probable esquema monofilético, local, y anterior al proceso de expansión de los grupos arawak al sur de la cuenca del Amazonas. No existen evidencias de la influencia de estos últimos en el origen de Goya-Malabrigo. A unidade arqueológica Goya-Malabrigo é um exemplo de populações de caçadores-coletores complexos adaptados ao sistema pulsátil da bacia do rio Paraná, inserida dentro de um processo intenso de exploração do meio ambiente, baseado no aproveitamento de peixes e mamíferos terrestres e com consumo secundário de alimentos de origem vegetal. Com conduta dependente da densidade de população, da conduta territorial com defesa ativa dos espaços de produção, do armazenamento, da criação de áreas formais para sepultamentos, da elevação de bases residenciais e da produção de complexos recipientes cerâmicos destinados ao processamento e armazenamento de uma fracção dos recursos. As características observadas indicam semelhanças notáveis com as outras unidades do registro local, com os quais compartilharam um processo evolutivo geral desenvolvido pelo menos a partir do III milênio AP, dentro de um esquema evolutivo monofilético
Pré-história na foz do rio Chapecó
Authors: Lourdeau Antoine , Carbonera Mirian , Santos Marcos César Pereira , Hoeltz Sirlei , Fontugne Michel , Hatté Christine , Silva Sergio Francisco Serafim Monteiro da , Rosina Pierluigi , Lucas Lívia De Oliveira e , Costa Amélie Da , Foucher Cécile , Ramalho Juliana Betarello , Kuczkovski Francieli , Campos Juliano Bitencourt , Viana Sibeli Aparecida , Herberts Ana Lucia
Published: December 2016

O alto rio Uruguai é uma área importante para compreender o povoamento pré-histórico da bacia do rio da Prata. Nela foram localizados sítios de caçadores-coletores, referentes ao passado mais antigo da região, e de grupos ceramistas relacionados às unidades arqueológicas Tupiguarani e Taquara-Itararé. Este artigo apresenta os primeiros resultados das pesquisas realizadas no sítio ACH-LP-07 situado próximo à foz do rio Chapecó na margem direita do rio Uruguai, no oeste de Santa Catarina. O mesmo apresentou várias ocupações por caçadores-coletores no início do Holoceno, caracterizadas por uma variabilidade nas produções de pedra lascada, onde se destaca a produção de lâminas por uma debitagem específica. No último milênio o local também foi povoado por grupos ceramistas Guarani. O sítio tem trazido diferentes contribuições a respeito dessas antigas sociedades, especialmente as modalidades de ocupação e de sucessão dos grupos humanos no alto rio Uruguai.
Prolonged postoperative ileus after elective colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Nestorovic Milica , Stanojevic Goran , Brankovic Branko , Pecic Vanja , Jeremic Ljiljana
Published: December 2016

Background/Aim. Postoperative ileus is a frequent and frustrating occurence for both, patients and surgeons after abdominal surgery. Besides clinical importance of postoperative ileus, its economic aspect is also important. The aim of this prospective study was to analyze development of prolonged postoperative ileus after elective colorectal surgery for cancer and its impact on early postoperative outcome. Methods. This prospective study included all eligible patients, 18 years or older, scheduled for open colorectal resection for cancer from June, 2015 to February, 2016. Patients with metastatic disease, prior hemoirradiation or any resection other then curative were excluded. The study duration was up to 30 days postoperatively. Primary outcome measure was development of prolonged postoperative ileus according to strict definition. The impact of prolonged postoperative ileus on other outcome measures such as postoperative complications, surgical site infections, anastomotic leakage, reoperations, mortality and length of hospital stay were of great interest, too. Results. This prospective study included 103 patients, 64 (37.9%) men and 39 (62.1%) women, mean age 66 years. Prolonged postoperative ileus developed in 12 (11.3%) patients. One third of the patients had some type of surgical site infection, while 47.6% had complications. Ten (9.7%) patients required reoperation. Comparing the group of patients with prolonged postoperative ileus with those without, there were no statistically significant differences in rates of surgical site infection and anastomotic leakage. There was statistically significant difference in terms of complications (_2 = 34.966; p < 0.001), complications grade III (_2 = 23.43; p < 0.001) and reoperations (_2 = 15.724; p <0.001). Patients who developed prolonged postoperative ileus had statistically significant longer postoperative hospital stay (Z = 2.291, p = 0.022) and longer total length of hospital stay (Z = 2.377, p = 0.015). According to regression analyzes prolonged postoperative ileus represents a risk factor for reoperations [odds ratio (OR) = 12.286; p = 0.001]. Conclusion. Prolonged postoperative ileus, although not life-threatening complication effects recovery, increases length of hospital stay and contributes to poor surgical outcome.
Central retinal artery occlusion following embolization in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: A case report
Authors: Pantelic Jelica , Karadzic Jelena , Kovacevic Igor , Bulatovic Jelena
Published: December 2016

Introduction. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas are highly vascular, locally aggressive lesions, that affect male adolescents. The surgery is the treatment of choice, although it shows a strong propensity to bleed during surgical removal. Preoperative embolization enables the surgical approach in a less bloody way and also a complete resection of the tumor. However, this procedure is not without complications. The most severe complication of this technique is a migration of an embolus into the intracranial circulation. Case report. We present a 9-year-old boy who lost vison on his left eye following preoperative embolisation of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas as a result of central retinal artery occlusion. A recent review of the literature reported only three previously documented cases of central retinal artery occlusion occurring after embolization for a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. We want to point out the possibility of this rare but devastating complication and the importance of rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment so that a visual outcome could be better when applying an early medical treatment. Conclusion. Described case of central retinal artery occlusion is a rare and unusual, iatrogenic vascular event, that could arise as a complication from embolisation of nasopharingeal tumors. However, physicians (ophthalmologists and ear-nose-throat surgeons) should be aware od this devastating complication, and the close evaluation of angiograms for detection of any vascular abnormality before and during the embolization is crucial.
Minor neurological dysfunction in children aged 5 to 7
Authors: Galic Maja , Mikov Aleksandra , Sekulic Slobodan , Kopitovic Aleksandar , Pericin-Starcevic Ivana
Published: December 2016

Background/Aim. Assessment of minor neurological dysfunction (MND) provides information about a child's neurological condition which helps to identify the vulnerability of the child to the development of motor impairment, difficulties in learning or behavioral disorders. The aim of this study was to determine differences in the prevalence of MND in children from the general population with respect to age (5 and 6 years old) and sex. Methods. The examination was carried out in a preschool institution in the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. The total sample included 120 children divided into two groups according to age: 60 children aged 5 (group A) and 60 children aged 6 years (group B). The children were recruited at three randomly selected kindergartens and approximately equal sex representation, randomly selected as well. The testing was done by the Touwen's test, modified by Hadders-Algra. The results were classified into three groups: the absence of MND, presence of simple MND (presence of one or two domains of dysfunction) and the presence of complex MND (presence of at least three domains of dysfunction). Results. Sixtyseven children out of 120 (55.8%) had a normal neurological condition, while 53 (44.2%) showed MND [49 (40.8%) simple, and 4 (3.4%) complex]. MND occurred more frequently in the youngest age group than in the older children (57% vs. 32%; p = 0.01). MND was also more frequent in boys than in girls, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion. Our results show the importance of testing children at preschool age in order to detect potential neurological vulnerability and timely begin with the appropriate therapy.
The central nervous system is not imunoprivileged: Inflammation and epileptogenesis
Authors: Hrncic Dragan , Sutulovic Nikola , Grubac Zeljko , Rasic-Markovic Aleksandra , Stanojlovic Olivera
Published: December 2016

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Optic nerve head recovery following the iop-lowering surgery in the eye with early juvenile glaucoma-nine years follow up
Authors: Markovic Vujica , Vukovic Dragan , Marjanovic Ivan , Petrovic-Pajic Sanja , Radosavljevic Aleksandra , Ilic Aleksandra , Maric Vesna
Published: December 2016

Introduction. Congenital uveal ectropion (CEU) is a rare, non-progressive condition often accompanied with eyelid ptosis, anterior insertion of the iris, disgenesis of the iridocorneal angle and glaucoma. Case report. We present a case of a seven-year-old girl with a congential unilateral uveal ectropion and a secondary glaucoma which had daily variations from 13 up to 50 mm Hg. The patient had no other abnormalities of the iris or underlying systemic diseases. Introduced local anti-glaucomatous therapy initially normalized intraocular pressure (IOP), but failed to provide long term normalisation. Trabeculectomy normalized the IOP which resulted in the reduction of the cup/disc ratio and restitution of neuroretinal rim. The rim area increased to 1.716 mm2 (0.958 mm2 preoperative) rim volume, was 0.666 mm3 (0.195 mm3 preoperative) while cupdisc (C/D) ratio decreased to 0.330 (0.626 preoperative) as well as linear C/D=0.574 (0.791 preoperative). Neuroretinal rim (NR) was preoperatively preserved in the Ti segment, damaged in T, Ts, N, Ns segments, and borderline in the Ni segment. Postoperatively, neuroretinal rim was preserved in all segments. Conclusion. In the presented case trabeculectomy induced recovery of the nerve tissue of the optic nerve head which was confirmed by Haidelberg Retina Tomograph II (HRT II). The treatment results have been maintained during the follow-up period of nine years without topical or systemic antiglaucomatous therapy. Although CEU is a non-progressive and benign eye disease, associated glaucoma can cause severe optic nerve damage if not detected early and treated properly. As can be seen in the presented case, an adequate treatment can prevent and even reverse optic disc neuropathy.
Exposure to potential drug-antimicrobial agent interactions in primary health care
Authors: Nikolic Bozana , Popovic Jovan , Becarevic Mirjana , Rakic Dusica
Published: December 2016

Background/Aim. Drug-drug interactions involving antimicrobials present important and often unrecognized complications of pharmacotherapy which can be prevented. The aim of the present study was to identify the frequency and type of potential drug-antimicrobial agent interactions among outpatients and to define recommendations for their management. Methods. Crosssectional prescription database study was conducted. The analysis randomly included 823 patients who visited Health Center Novi Sad over 1-month period (November 1?30, 2011) and had prescribed ? 2 drugs where at least one drug was antimicrobial agent for systemic use. All interacting drug combinations involving antimicrobials were identified according to Drug Interaction Facts. Additionally, based on the compendium, potential interactions were classified into categories: pharmacological mechanisms, potential clinical outcomes and management advice. Results. Overall, 88 potential clinically significant drug-antimicrobial agent interactions were identified among 69 (8.4%) exposed outpatients [the mean age 61.7 years (SD ? 15.4); the mean number of prescribed drugs 7.5 (SD ? 2.9); 56.5% females]. The most common identified potential interacting pairs were benzodiazepines undergoing oxidative metabolism and clarithromycin or erythromycin, and aminophylline and ciprofloxacin. In 83.0% of all cases underlying mechanism was pharmacokinetic involving primary inhibition of metabolic pathways mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 isoenzymes. Excessive sedation (22.7%), cardiotoxicity (20.5%), miscellaneous aminophylline adverse effects (13.6%), and bleeding (10.2%) were the most frequently implicated potential clinical outcomes. Risk for adverse interactions could be managed by close monitoring of simultaneous administration of drugs (37.5%), different risk-modifyng strategies (31.8%), and avoiding combinations (30.7%). Conclusion. Among outpatients, there was common potential for clinically significant interactions involving antimicrobials. Information based on the results of the present study could be integrated in existing computerized physician order entry system in the Health Center as a form of clinical support.
The effect of the aqueous and methanol fennel stem extracts (Foeniculum vulgare Miller) on isolated rat ileum contractility
Authors: Gocmanac-Ignjatovic Marija , Kitic Dusanka , Radenkovic Mirjana , Kostic Milica , Milutinovic Milica , Nedin-Rankovic Gorana , Brankovic Suzana
Published: December 2016

Background/Aim. The fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller, Apiaceae) has a long history of use as traditional herb medicine due to its carminative properties. The study was aimed to investigate the effects of aqueous and methanol fennel stem extracts on intestinal activity. Methods. Relaxant activity of aqueous and methanol fennel stem extracts was evaluated in vitro in three experimental models: spontaneous contraction, acetylcholine and potassium chloride (KCl)-induced contraction of an isolated rat ileum. The composition of aqueous and methanol fennel stem extracts was qualitatively analyzed using the high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis. Results. In the presence of an aqueous fennel stem extract at a concentration of 3 mg/mL, the inhibition of the spontaneous contractions of isolated rat ileum was 35.05% ? 3.57%. In presence of a methanol fennel stem extract at the same concentration, the maximum reduction of the spontaneous contractions was 48.91% ? 6.31%. The extracts in a concentration- dependent manner significantly inhibited the acetylcholine and KCl induced contractions of the isolated rat ileum (p < 0.01). The following components were identified in fennel methanol stem extract: 3-caffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, rutin, miquelianin, quercetin heterosides, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 1,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, apigenin and rosmarinic acid. In an aqueous extract, their presence is found in trace amounts. Conclusion. The results of this study showed that the aqueous and methanol fennel stem extracts have spasmolytic effects on the intestinal smooth muscle and may be used for the control of intestinal motility.
Longitudinal Trajectories of Metabolic Control From Childhood to Young Adulthood in Type 1 Diabetes From a Large German/Austrian Registry: A Group-Based Modeling Approach
Authors: Schwandt Anke , Hermann Julia M. , Rosenbauer Joachim , Boettcher Claudia , Dunstheimer Désirée , Grulich-Henn Jürgen , Kuss Oliver , Rami-Merhar Birgit , Vogel Christian , Holl Reinhard W. ,   on behalf of the DPV Initiative
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE

Worsening of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes during puberty is a common observation. However, HbA1c remains stable or even improves for some youths. The aim is to identify distinct patterns of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes from childhood to young adulthood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 6,433 patients with type 1 diabetes were selected from the prospective, multicenter diabetes patient registry Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) (follow-up from age 8 to 19 years, baseline diabetes duration ≥2 years, HbA1c aggregated per year of life). We used latent class growth modeling as the trajectory approach to determine distinct subgroups following a similar trajectory for HbA1c over time.

RESULTS

Five distinct longitudinal trajectories of HbA1c were determined, comprising group 1 = 40%, group 2 = 27%, group 3 = 15%, group 4 = 13%, and group 5 = 5% of patients. Groups 1–3 indicated stable glycemic control at different HbA1c levels. At baseline, similar HbA1c was observed in group 1 and group 4, but HbA1c deteriorated in group 4 from age 8 to 19 years. Similar patterns were present in group 3 and group 5. We observed differences in self-monitoring of blood glucose, insulin therapy, daily insulin dose, physical activity, BMI SD score, body-height SD score, and migration background across all HbA1c trajectories (all P ≤ 0.001). No sex differences were present. Comparing groups with similar initial HbA1c but different patterns, groups with higher HbA1c increase were characterized by lower frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose and physical activity and reduced height (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Using a trajectory approach, we determined five distinct longitudinal patterns of glycemic control from childhood to early adulthood. Diabetes self-care, treatment differences, and demographics were related to different HbA1c courses.
Is A High-fiber Diet able to Influence Ovalbumin-induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model?
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Shi Lei , Pang Wenhui , Wang Xiaoting , Li Jianfeng , Wang Haibo , Shi Guanggang
Published: December 2016

Background

More recently, a large amount of experimental and clinical discovered that dietary-fiber intake would decrease the susceptibility to allergic airway disease (AAD) and respiratory inflammation.

Objective

To investigate whether a fiber-intake supplement is able to influence the induction of AAD and to elucidate the interactive relationship.

Methods

AAD model mice and control mice were raised on a fundamental diet with standard 4% fiber content, whereas other mice were fed a 10% fiber-content diet in the high fiber-content group, along with a 25% fiber-content diet instead in very-high fiber-content group. All experimental mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin to induce allergic inflammation in both the upper and lower airways. Hallmarks of AAD were examined in terms of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in subepithelial mucosa, T-helper type 1 (Th1) to Th2 skewing of the immune response. Furthermore, to elucidate the interrelations, we generated 16S ribosomal DNA from fecal samples and further validated the variation of colony composition in each group.

Results

The excessive high-fiber supplement induced a promoting effect rather than a suppressive effect, including a rise in nasal rubbing and sneezing, an increase in eosinophil inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia in subepithelial mucosa, and promoted Th1 skewing of the immune response as well as the production of serum levels of ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E. Moreover, overconsumption of dietary fiber greatly altered the construction of bacterial flora in the intestinal tract, including an increased proportion of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, and a decreased proportion of Bacteroidetes.

Conclusion

Our work indicated that, instead of a protecting impact, excessive fiber intake preformed a negative influence on the induction of AAD. Therefore, we suspected that an excessive supplement of dietary fiber might not be an advisable method for the prevention and treatment of AADs.
Rise of multidrug-resistant non-vaccine serotype 15A Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United Kingdom, 2001 to 2014
Authors: Sheppard Carmen , Fry Norman K. , Mushtaq Shazad , Woodford Neil , Reynolds Rosy , Janes Regina , Pike Rachel , Hill Robert , Kimuli Maimuna , Staves Peter , Doumith Michel , Harrison Timothy , Livermore David M
Published: December 2016

Conjugate vaccines have reduced pneumococcal disease in vaccinated children and unvaccinated adults, but non-vaccine serotypes are of concern, particularly if antibiotic resistant. We reviewed Streptococcus pneumoniae collected via: (i) the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) surveillances from 2001–2014; (ii) Public Health England’s (PHE) invasive isolate surveillance from 2005–2014 and (iii) referral to PHE for resistance investigation from 2005–2014. Serotype 15A increased in all series, with many representatives showing triple resistance to macrolides, tetracyclines and penicillin. 15A was consistently among the 10 most prevalent serotypes from 2011 in PHE and BSAC invasive isolate/bacteraemia surveillance but never previously; 26–33% of these invasive 15A isolates had triple resistance. BSAC respiratory isolates were only serotyped in 2013/14 and 2014/15 (October to September); 15A was most prevalent serotype in both periods, comprising 9–11% of isolates, 38–48% of them with triple resistance. Serotype 15A represented 0–4% of S. pneumoniae referred to PHE for reference investigation annually until 2008 but rose to 29% (2013) and 32% (2014). Almost all multidrug-resistant 15A isolates were sequence type (ST) 63 variants, whereas susceptible 15A isolates were clonally diverse. The rise of serotype 15A suggests that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines will need ongoing adaptation.
Management of stem borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe) in maize using conventional pesticides in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Neupane Saraswati , Bhandari Ghanashyam , Sharma Sheela Devi , Yadav Surendra , Subedi Subash
Published: December 2016

The stem borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe) is one of the most destructive pests of maize crop. Research experimentations were carried out on maize to control stem borer using conventional pesticides under field condition during summer season of two consecutive years from 2015 to 2016 at Rampur, Chitwan. All used pesticides had significant effect (P≤0.05) on percent damage and crop yield over control. In 2015, the lower percent damage (5.3%) with higher crop yield (4.52 t ha-1) and lowest insect score (1.00) was observed in plot sprayed with spinosad 45% EC at 0.5 ml L-1 of water followed by plot treated with chloropyriphos 50% EC+cypermethrin 5% EC @1.5ml L-1 of water with percent damage of 6.60%, crop yield (4.23 t ha-1) and insect score of 1.60. Almost similar trend of insect incidence along with damage percentage and yield data were observed in 2016. The higher percent damage control (79.06%) was observed at the plot sprayed after spinosad 45% EC at 0.5 ml L-1 of water with higher crop yield (4.58 t ha-1) and lowest insect score (1.00) followed by the plot treated with imidacloprid 17.8% @ 0.5 ml L-1 of water with percent damage control of 73.10 %, crop yield (3.38 t/ha) and insect sore 1.50. The highest percent damage (20.63%) was observed in the control plot with lower yield (0.95 t ha-1) and highest insect score (6.00). Over the years, spinosad 45% EC at 0.5 ml L-1 of water was effective bio-pesticide to control maize stem borer damage and also increase the yield.
Status of maize stalk rot complex in western belts of Nepal and its integrated management
Authors: Subedi Subash , Subedi Himalaya , Neupane Saraswati
Published: December 2016

Maize stalk rot complex is becoming a serious threat for maize growing areas of Nepal. A field monitoring for maize stalk rot complex was done during crop season (August, 2016) covering 10 farmers field each of Surkhet, Banke, Dang, Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts. Maize crop showed highly susceptible reaction to the disease at western belts of Dang and susceptible reaction was marked in Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts while the disease effect was mild at Banke and Surkhet district. Most of the plant diseases managed successfully through the application of bio-control agents, host resistance, chemicals and other different cultural control methods. The result of field experiment conducted at Dang showed that all the treatments had significant (P≤0.05) effect on percent disease index (PDI) and crop yield over farmers practice to control maize stalk rot. The higher percent disease control (52.36%) and yield increase (40.29%) were recorded from the plot sprayed with streptocyclin @ 2 g L-1 and insecticide (cypermethrin + chloropyrifos @ 2.5 ml L-1 of water during knee height and subsequent spray after 15 days interval as compared to farmers practice. Out of 30 genotypes, Rampur composit, Arun 2, Rampur 34, RamS03F08, TLBRS07F16 and Rampur 24 were found resistant against stalk rot complex with higher yield at Rampur Chitwan.
Genotype × environment interaction of quality protein maize grain yield in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Jiban , Kunwar Chitra Bahadur , Upadhyaya Jharana , Giri Maiya , Katuwal Ram Bahadur , Acharya Ramesh , Gurung Suk Bahadur , Adhikari Bhim Nath , Paudel Amrit Prasad , Paneru Ram Babu
Published: December 2016

In order to determine G × E interaction of quality protein maize grain yield, six maize genotypes were evaluated under different environments of three Terai (Chitwan, Surkhet and Doti) and four mid hill (Dhankuta, Lalitpur, Dolakha and Kaski) districts of Nepal during summer seasons of 2014 and 2015. The experiments were conducted using randomized complete block design along with three replications. The  genotypes namely S99TLYQ-B, S99TLYQ-HG-AB and S03TLYQ-AB-01 were identified high yielding and better adapted genotypes for Terai environments with grain yield of  4199 kg ha-1, 3715 kg ha-1, and 3336 kg ha-1 respectively and  S99TLYQ-B and S03TLYQ-AB-01 for mid hill environments with grain yield of  4547 kg ha-1 and 4365 kg ha-1 respectively. Therefore, these genotypes can be suggested for cultivation in their respective environments in the country.
Phosphorous as the major yield limiting nutrient for maize in the river basin areas of western Nepal
Authors: Pokharel Bhanu Bhakta , Sharma Shashi Ram , Pun Gam Bahadur , Chhetri Naina Singh
Published: December 2016

Maize is a heavy feeder crop but not always higher quantity of chemical fertilizers leads for higher grain yield. Objective of the study was to identify the major yield limiting macro nutrient for maize in the river basis areas. Field experiments were conducted at four locations viz. Dasharathpur, Ramghat, Mehelkuna, and Gumi VDCs of Surkhet district, under research command areas of Agriculture Research Station, Surkhet. Different doses of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium fertilizers were applied. Planting was done in the summer season of 2010 and 2011. All field experiments were laid out in randomized complete block designs with three replications at each site and year. Deuti variety of maize was used in the experiment. Days to tasseling, silking, and physiological maturity due to fertilizer application were found significant. One week earlier silking, tasseling, and physiological maturity was observed due to use of 100:100 kg ha-1 nitrogen and phosphorous as compared to the most late maturity with application of 100 kg nitrogen ha-1. The highest grain yield (6802 kg ha-1) was found with application of 100:100 kg nitrogen and phosphorous ha-1 and the lowest grain yield (4174 kg ha-1) was found with the normal recommended fertilizer dose. Phosphorous was observed as the major yield limiting factor in this study.
Socio-economic analysis of maize seed production in Arghakhanchi district of Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya Mahima , Sapkota Mahesh , Dhungana Surya Mani
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study was to assess the socioeconomic condition of maize seed and non-seed producers. A field survey was carried out in sixty households of Khanchikot VDC of Arghakhanchi district during May, 2014. The district was major seed producing district and Khanchikot was found better in seed production than other VDC in district. Simple random sampling technique was used to collect data using pre-tested interview schedule. About 57% were seed producer among the sample. The average family size of household was 5. Dependency ratio was less in seed producing households (0.41) than non-seed producers (0.72). Farmers were involved in the production of certified seed and the major (50%) source of foundation seed was National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan. The external input like chemical fertilizer was used in fewer amounts in the study area. The seed test was done at regional laboratory, Bhairahawa and sold to DADO, Arghakhanchi. Decision on loan taking, business operation and bank account were taken by males whereas cropping pattern, deficit labor use, religious and social works related decision were taken by females in the household. Major problem in maize production were lack of technical assistance followed by inadequate irrigation facilities. Proper training, extension service and government support on inputs would help in better socio-economic condition and production of maize.
Strategic Management of Media Relations: Communications Centralization and Spin in the Government of Canada
Authors: Marland Alex
Published: December 2016

This article exposes the strategic planning of government personnel as they prepare to engage in media management and spin. It presents the findings of in-depth interviews with 17 Conservative-era insiders and more than 100 internal planning instruments obtained during the nascent period of Liberal governance under Justin Trudeau. Inward-facing media enquiry processing forms, media relations strategies, communications calendars, and rollout plans are discussed. Examples of a Message Event Proposal and a social media rollout template are presented. The author concludes that under Trudeau the Prime Minister's Office divested but understandably did not abandon central message control over ministers and departments.
The Impact of Globalization on Citizenship: Decline or Renaissance?
Authors: Smith Peter J.
Published: December 2016

This article contests two commonly held views about politics and citizenship: (1) that politics and citizenship are only possible within the boundaries of the state; (2) that economic globalization erodes the significance of the state, thereby diminishing the scope of politics and citizen activity. The very processes and means of communicating that are making economic globalization possible are making globalization contestable. Politics and citizenship, like the market, have burst the borders of the nation-state. Information and communication technologies (ICTs), primarily the Internet, have facilitated new forms of political expression and connection among groups and the growth of new public spaces. Canadians are among the most active users of ICTs in the creation of new public spaces and possibilities of citizen engagement that challenge the top-down, state-driven processes of international governance and multilateralism.
Liberalism and the Limits of Multiculturalism
Authors: Cohen-Almagor Raphael
Published: December 2016

One of the most pressing issues facing liberal democracies today is the politicization of ethnocultural diversity. Minority cultures are demanding greater public recognition of their distinctive identities and greater freedom and opportunity to retain and develop their distinctive cultural practices. In response to these demands, new and creative mechanisms are being adopted in many countries for accommodating difference. This essay discusses some of the issues raised by these demands, focussing in particular on the difficulties that arise when the minority seeking accommodation is illiberal. Undoubtedly, ethnocultural relations are often full of complications that defy simple categories or easy answers; however, we can make some progress if we draw some distinctions between different kinds of groups and different kinds of group rights. This essay probes the nature of liberal tolerance and then delineates the limits of state intervention by looking at some troubling practices and analyzing pertinent court judgements.
La Colombie-Britannique et la rivalité interprovinciale des politiques canadiennes du cinéma
Authors: Gasher Mike
Published: December 2016

Cet article porte sur une rivalité qui s'est intensifiée pendant les années 1990 entre les trois provinces les plus actives dans la production cinématographique: le Québec, l'Ontario et la Colombie-Britannique, Cette dispute résulte, entre autres, de l'émergence de la Colombie-Britannique en tant que centre de production audiovisuelle, de politiques fédérales de financement de productions télévisuelles et cinématographiques locales qui ne discriminent pas en termes géographiques et de la compétition interprovinciale visant à attirer la production étrangère. Ce texte propose que le Québec, l'Ontario et la Colombie-Britannique représentent moins trois branches d'une industrie cinématographique nationale qu'un ensemble de territoires se disputant, sur le terrain politique économique, emplois et investissements financiers.

Comme point de départ, un tableau des initiatives de politiques cinématographiques formulées par le gouvernement de la Colombie-Britannique pendant les années 1990 sera tracé. Ces politiques avaient un objectif: diversifier une économie largement dépendante de l'extraction de ressources naturelles et rapatrier une plus grande part du financement culturel fédéral vers la Colombie-Britannique. Ici, une attention particulière est portée à la façon dont le discours politique dans la province présente la production audiovisuelle, à la manière dont les instruments de financement fédéraux sont mis en lumière par ce discours et à la réponse que représentent ces politiques aux initiatives québécoises et ontariennes.

La conclusion de l'article évaluera les implications tant positives que négatives de cet antagonisme interprovincial pour le septième art au Canada. En effet, s'il a permis à d'autres que le centre du pays de participer à la production de films et de productions télévisuelles, il a aussi entravé la collaboration entre provinces, renforcé l'image industrielle du cinéma et créé une dépendance envers la production extra-frontalière.
Dreams and Claims: Icelandic-Aboriginal Interactions in the Manitoba Interlake
Authors: Brydon Anne
Published: December 2016

This essay discusses how Icelandic-Canadians narrate the story of interactions between newly arrived Icelanders and the Saulteaux people they encountered in Manitoba in the 1870s. Discrepancies between their accounts and archival records raise questions about how ethnic groups create and edit foundational myths as a strategy for group representation. Analysis focuses on one Icelander's dream about a dead Saulteaux man and the transformation of that dream into a cultural myth about harmonious relations between the two groups. This one narrative account of Icelandic-Saulteaux interactions can be examined as part of the complex process that makes history liveable. Such narrative accounts provided a strategy to suppress, displace and transmute pain during the first decades of immigration and settlement.
Popular Theory: Canadian Feminist Folklore and Ethnology in the 1990s
Authors: Greenhill Pauline , Tye Diane
Published: December 2016

Feminist folklore emerged in the 1970s in the United States to uncover women's past silences, expose male biases in reference tools and methodologies and document women's folk expression on its own terms. The tracks of feminist folkloristics in Canada have developed more or less independently and with fundamentally different concerns and issues. The models have developed through exchanges across disciplines and beyond academic boundaries. Collaborative works predominate in bilingual French and English formats. Theorizing and analysis have primarily come from and studied the mainstream and are Canadian in subject as well as origin. As popular theory, Canadian feminist folkloristics offers alternative, potentially transformative models.
From Destruction To Construction: The Khaki University of Canada, 1917-1919
Authors: Cook Tim
Published: December 2016

The Khaki University was a pioneering educational system established for Canadian soldiers during the First World War. Organized by Henry Marshall Tory, the Khaki University brought education to more than 50,000 soldier-students. Initially implemented to better the soldiers, this educational system was a key component in disseminating government policy, complementing the military power structure, keeping soldiers busy during the demobilization period, and imparting a nascent pride in the Canadian accomplishments during the war.
Netukulimk Past and Present: Míkmaw Ethics and the Atlantic Fishery
Authors: Barsh Russel Lawrence
Published: December 2016

Míkmaq began to sell their furs to Europeans more than four centuries ago, while contending directly and often violently with Europeans for the control of Atlantic fishing grounds. Although Míkmaq were slowly displaced and reduced to destitution by settlers, they continued to hunt, fish and trap on a reduced scale and remained largely independent until the 1960s, when new federal licensing regimes for fishing contributed to a surge of Míkmaw nationalism. Since 1985, Canadian courts have repeatedly vindicated Míkmaw treaty hunting, fishing and trading rights, including offshore rights, culminating in a 1999 Canadian Supreme Court ruling affirming their right to secure a “moderate livelihood” by fishing commercially. Ottawa continues to try to regulate the Míkmaw fishery, however, and this resulted in sporadic violence during the 2000 and 2001 fishing seasons. Meanwhile, commercial groundfish and herring stocks in the region have collapsed, and salmon are threatened with extinction. This ecological and economic disaster has been the focus of a public relations war over responsible fishing between federal bureaucrats and Míkmaq. For the Míkmaq, netukulimk symbolizes their capacity to do a better job of conservation. The Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) has responded by asserting its “scientific” superiority. This article reviews the evidence for responsible Míkmaw use of living resources through the early nineteenth century, when Míkmaq became demographically and economically marginalized, and the evidence for overfishing and mismanagement of Atlantic fisheries in the twentieth century. Although the conditions that made Míkmaq fishing self-regulating no longer exist, the federal management regime is even more of a threat to the survival of fish stocks and fishing communities.
Newfoundland and Labrador at the Crossroads: Reform or Lack of Reform in a New Era?
Authors: Tomblin Stephen
Published: December 2016

In the 21st century there is great pressure to renew old ideas, processes and structures based on the needs of a global, knowledge-based economy. However, reformers appear to have underestimated the ability of the old system of governance to defend itself. Through an analysis of the politic struggle to effect structural change in Newfoundland and Labrador during the Wells and Tobin years, this article employs a neo-institutional approach to challenge the long-established view that political change is inevitable when economic circumstances change. It examines the political battles for restructuring in Newfoundland and Labrador to make the case that institutions still matter and continue to determine political and policy outcomes in a global era.
De la quête millénariste à la thérapie de choc: la pensée felquiste jusqu’à la Crise d’octobre 1970
Authors: Bédard Éric
Published: December 2016

Dès la création de ses premières cellules d’action au début des années soixante, le Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) lance un organe de liaison - La Cognée - dans lequel deux courants de pensée, desquels découleront deux philosophies de l’action, en viendront à s’affronter. Le premier courant - millénariste - s’inspire explicitement du marxisme et conçoit son action dans un temps long de l’Histoire alors que le second - spontanéiste -semble souscrire aux préceptes de la contre-culture et se montre pressé de commettre des gestes d’éclat qui secoueront les consciences québécoises endormies par l’élection de l’Union nationale de Daniel Johnson en 1966. Le présent article propose une description de ces deux courants de pensée et tente une interprétation de la victoire du second courant.
The New Direction of Federal Agricultural Research in Canada: From Public Good to Private Gain?
Authors: Moore Elizabeth
Published: December 2016

Federal policy innovation in agricultural research in Canada between the mid-1980s and late 1990s resulted in a notable shift towards market-based policy ideas. There has been a clear departure from the relatively autonomous status of the federal agricultural research effort. The nature of policy change can be credited largely to the public philosophy of technological neoliberalism. The impetus came from fiscal restraint. The new emphasis on public-private partnerships suggests policy convergence is occurring with the United States. The potential effects of policy change, in particular greater industry influence on setting goals for public research, are fuelling concerns about the future of public-good agricultural research in Canada.
The Biopolitics of Genetically Modified Organisms in Canada
Authors: Andrée Peter
Published: December 2016

In recent years we have witnessed the rise of considerable resistance to genetically modified (GM) food and crops around the world. This has led to a moratorium on the planting of new GM crops in Europe, and regimes for the mandatory labelling of GM foods in more than 30 countries, including Japan and Australia. By contrast, the Canadian regulatory system has approved 51 “plants with novel traits” and “novel foods” since 1995, almost all of which are GM, and any demands to require labelling of these products have been resisted by the federal government. Working with theoretical concepts developed by Michel Foucault, this essay examines this situation in Canada. The author traces the way in which facts and values have together given shape to a biopolitical struggle between those scientists who would frame genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as a manageable risk and those who have adopted a more precautionary framing. Three specific terms used in Canadian “science-based” regulation - “novelty,” “familiarity” and “substantial equivalence” - can be seen to represent ambiguous compromises in these ongoing struggles at the international level. In Canada these concepts have been mobilized to narrow the horizon of what can be expected to be risky about genetic engineering, allowing swift approval of many GM crops. High-level scientific critiques of this system, however, buoyed by public concern, point towards the need for a more open-ended regulatory process in Canada, one that would acknowledge that decision making in this field is inevitably both technical and political.
Conservation Biologists, Civic Science and the Preservation of BC Forests
Authors: Krajnc Anita
Published: December 2016

This essay assesses the role conservation biologists play inside and outside government in efforts to protect British Columbia’s ancient rain-forest ecosystems. An epistemic community of government-entrenched conservation biologists has largely been absent or ad hoc, playing a negligible role in conservation. The Clayoquot Sound Scientific Panel is a partial exception, with the important advisory role it played to the BC government regarding sustainable forest management in the region. Instead, a mission-oriented, transnational “civic” scientific community has emerged around the Y2Y Conservation Initiative, Conservation Area Design plans for the BC’s coastal rain forests and efforts to promote a meaningful Species at Risk Act at the federal level. A transnational advocacy network of Canadian and American conservation biologists is using “civic science” in concert with environmental organizations to develop and implement a vision of ecosystem-based land-use planning and species protection, and this provides valuable lessons on the potential and limits of scientific power in civil society as well as government institutions.
Pluralism, Pragmatism and Social Problems
Authors: Norcia Vincent di
Published: December 2016

The increasingly complex problems that advanced societies like ours face cannot be solved by outdated dichotomies between knowledges and interests. Instead a pluralist and pragmatist approach is needed, and two cases are explored: pollution from Canadian pulp and paper mills and hearings on siting nuclear reactors in seismically sensitive zones in the United States. Both suggest the need for pluralism - recognizing the diverse knowledges and interests involved. Integrating those knowledges and interests (pragmatism) helps determine a solution space from which to select specific solutions for the problem. The pluralist and pragmatist approaches are, finally, shown to be preferable to vague notions of muddling through and to two forms of dichotomies between knowledges and interests.
One Size Does Not Fit All: Canadian Government Laboratories as Diverse and Complex Institutions
Authors: Doern G. Bruce , Kinder Jeffrey S.
Published: December 2016

The federal government’s research laboratories are facing numerous pressures. They must support important regulatory, policy and risk-management objectives, which are critical to ensuring public confidence in the government’s ability to protect the health and safety of Canadians and the environment. Government laboratories are also cast as catalytic agents in national and local systems of innovation and are expected to contribute to industrial development. At the same time, government laboratories are under pressure to adopt new institutional arrangements and service delivery practices, and face challenges with respect to renewing their research capacities to deal with emerging science-based issues. These and other pressures create the context in which government laboratories operate. In this changing context, the roles and institutional designs of government laboratories are evolving and merit further examination.

The authors introduce an analytical framework that focusses on government laboratories as complex institutions and reflects their diversity as a changing mix of hierarchies, networks and markets. They explore the links between this institutional approach and the literatures on New Public Management (NPM) and national systems of innovation. The authors then review a variety of government science policy studies from the past 40 years to determine how they have viewed the roles and institutional design of federal laboratories. Finally, the authors offer their conclusions as to the implications of the changing institutional context for Canadian science and technology policy.