bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finger Injury Related to Climbing: Anatomy, Function, Mechanism of Injury, Diagnosis, Treatment
Authors: Popławska Natalia Aleksandra , Śliz Justyna , Skorupska Marta , Woźniak Krzysztof , Czeczotka Magdalena Joanna , Martka Martyna Magdalena
Published: June 2024

Introduction 
Rock climbing has surged in popularity over the past few decades, attracting a diverse range of participants from recreational enthusiasts to professional athletes. While climbing offers numerous physical and mental benefits, it also presents significant injury risks. Rock climbing is a sport that imposes extreme stress on the fingers, particularly on the flexor pulley system. Injuries to these structures can severely impact a climber's ability to perform and progress in the sport. Understanding the anatomy, injury mechanisms, and treatment modalities is essential for effective management and prevention. 
Aim of the study 
The purpose of this narrative review is to comprehensively describe information on the anatomy, function, mechanism of injury, diagnosis, and treatment modalities of the finger flexor pulley system (FFPS). 
Materials and methods  
The methodology for the literature search involved using the keyword "pulley" and adding terms such as "treatment", "mechanism", "function", "anatomy", "diagnosis", and "symptoms". The search terms were entered into the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The review works and clinical trials were taken into account. 
Conclusion  
Finger flexor pulley system (FFPS) strain is a common overuse injury in climbers, often caused by the crimp grip used in rock climbing. Pulleys A2 and A4 are particularly vulnerable. Diagnosis involves physical examination and imaging tests, such as ultrasonography and, if necessary, magnetic resonance imaging. Grade I to III injuries are typically treated conservatively, while surgical treatment may be necessary for grade IVb injuries. Using a splint or H-taping the fingers after an injury can help prevent further damage and provide support for the affected pulleys.
Health consequences of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome
Authors: Szewczyk Kamila , Szewczyk Bartłomiej , Krzesłowska Wiktoria Julia , Pytel Paulina , Wiśniewski Szymon , Hołownia Weronika
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) is a common sleep disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep. OSAS affects millions of people worldwide, with varying degrees of severity. It contributes to a range of adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular, neurocognitive, metabolic, and psychosocial effects. Understanding the wide-ranging impact of OSAS is crucial in emphasizing the importance of early recognition, accurate diagnosis, and tailored interventions to improve the quality of life for affected individuals.
Aim of the study:
The aim of this study is to explore the diverse health consequences of OSAS and highlight the importance of early recognition, accurate diagnosis, and tailored interventions for managing this sleep disorder effectively. By understanding the impact of OSAS on various aspects of health, we can emphasize the need for comprehensive evaluation and a multidisciplinary approach to improve the overall health of individuals affected by OSAS.
Biologic Therapies: Targeting Severe Asthma at the Molecular Level
Authors: Szewczyk Kamila , Szewczyk Bartłomiej , Krzesłowska Wiktoria Julia , Pytel Paulina , Wiśniewski Szymon , Hołownia Weronika
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Severe asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects a significant number of individuals, causing persistent inflammation of the airways and leading to recurrent symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. While conventional asthma treatments, including inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, are generally effective for most asthma patients, they may not always provide sufficient relief for individuals with severe asthma. In such cases, the use of biologic agents licensed specifically for severe asthma can be a valuable treatment option.
 
Aim of the study:
This article aims to explore the different biologic agents licensed for severe asthma and delve into their effectiveness in managing this complex and challenging condition.
 
Material and methods:
Literature available in the PubMed database was reviewed using the following keywords: biologic agents for asthma; omalizumab; mepolizumab; bernalizumab; tezepelumab; monoclonal antibodies.
Conclusions:
These medications are designed to target the underlying mechanisms of severe asthma, addressing the root causes of the condition rather than just managing the symptoms. As a result, they have shown promising results in improving symptoms and reducing exacerbations in individuals with severe asthma. By understanding the potential benefits of these medications, healthcare professionals can make informed decisions when it comes to treating patients with severe asthma.
Internet en el ejercicio de la libertad de expresión del sistema europeo de derechos humanos.
Authors: Placín Vergillo Francisco
Published: June 2024

El análisis que esté realizando el Sistema Europeo de Derechos Humanos en relación al discurso de odio online resulta de gran relevancia para hacer frente a uno de los mayores conflictos jurídico-sociales del siglo XXI. La proliferación de expresiones de odio en Internet desafía el ejercicio del derecho a la libertad de expresión. Es esencial comprender cómo se aborda esta problemática a nivel regional, con el objetivo de lograr una persecución efectiva y armonizada entre todos los Estados Miembros del Consejo de Europa. Esta tarea implica explorar las tensiones entre la protección de la libertad de expresión y la necesidad de salvaguardar la dignidad humana y los derechos fundamentales. En última instancia, comprender cómo el Sistema Europeo de Derechos Humanos aborda el discurso de odio online es fundamental para promover sociedades inclusivas, respetuosas y democráticas en la era digital en nuestro continente.
El neuroderecho a la libertad cognitiva: fundamentos y alcance de un derecho emergente.
Authors: Borbón Diego , Muñoz José M.
Published: June 2024

Los neuroderechos constituyen una innovadora propuesta para crear nuevos derechos humanos que regulen el exacerbado avance de las neurotecnologías. No obstante, el contenido conceptual y la pertinencia legal de estos derechos son objeto de amplio debate actualmente. En este trabajo, tras ofrecer un panorama de las respuestas que los neuroderechos proporcionan al avance neurotecnológico, nos centraremos en el análisis conceptual de la libertad cognitiva, considerada como un prerrequisito para el resto de neuroderechos. El análisis se basará en las dimensiones negativa y positiva de este derecho. En el primer caso, la libertad cognitiva se relaciona estrechamente con la propuesta de un neuroderecho al libre albedrío. En el segundo caso, se relaciona con el acceso a las neurotecnologías de mejora cognitiva.
Paramilitares o no. Esa es la cuestión
Authors: Barrera Victor
Published: June 2024

El objetivo principal de este capítulo es introducir un mayor grado de disciplina conceptual a un debate que está lejos de resolverse, tanto por las dimensiones política y jurídica que lo cruzan, como por la dificultad de capturar disciplinadamente las dinámicas de cambio y continuidad de un fenómeno conectado de muy diversas formas con su antecesor, pero de naturaleza distinta, según sostenemos.
Pemanfaatan Alat Pelepas Velg Ban Portable untuk Memudahkan Penggantian Ban RTG Crane di Terminal Nilam, Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak - Surabaya
Authors: Anzip Arino , Mirmanto Heru , Noor Dedy Zulhidayat , Sarsetiyanto Joko , Kusnadi Dimitra Meidina
Published: June 2024

Terminal Nilam yang berada di Kawasan Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak – Surabaya saat ini mengoperasikan 3 RTG Crane milik PT. Pelindo (Persero) sedangkan untuk proses perawatan RTG Crane dilakukan oleh PT. Berkah Industri Mesin Angkat (PT. BIMA). Salah satu kegiatan pemeliharaan yang dilakukan oleh PT. BIMA adalah kegiatan penggantian ban pada RTG Crane. Sampai saat ini proses penggantian ban RTG Crane masih dilakukan secara manual menggunakan dongkrak hidrolik manual sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang lama, sumber daya manusia yang banyak dan juga berisiko dari segi keselamatan kerja. Oleh karena itu upaya yang dilakukan oleh Tim Pengabdian Masyarakat ITS yaitu dengan membuat produk berupa alat pelepas velg ban portable yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan, dengan harapan dapat bermanfaat dan memudahkan PT. BIMA dalam proses penggantian ban pada RTG Crane.
Pelatihan Menulis Cerita dengan Tema Religi kepada Siswa SMPN 1 Tualang
Authors: Piliang Wilda Srihastuty Handayani , Alber Alber , Etfita Fauzul
Published: June 2024

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk pelatihan menulis cerita dengan tema religi telah dilakukan kepada siswa kelas IX.8 di SMPN 1 Tualang. Pelatihan ini dianggap urgen karena minat siswa dalam bersastra khususnya menulis cerita mash rendah. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan keterampilan menulis, meningkatkan pemahaman agama, membangun karakter dan moral, serta menciptakan lingkungan kreatif dan toleran di sekolah. Metode pelatihan mencakup pembukaan dan pemaparan materi, pelatihan menulis, presentasi dan diskusi, serta penilaian dan penghargaan. Hasilnya menunjukkan peningkatan keterampilan menulis siswa, pemahaman agama yang lebih dalam, dan terciptanya lingkungan belajar yang lebih kreatif dan toleran. Analisis hasil, hambatan yang dihadapi, serta implikasi jangka panjang dari pelatihan ini dijelaskan dalam artikel pengabdian ini. Simpulan menyoroti pentingnya pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam mengembangkan potensi kreatif dan nilai-nilai moral siswa.
Penerapan On Grid Photovoltaic pada Mesin Pembuat Pakan Udang untuk Mengurangi Biaya Operasional Kelompok Ternak Udang Glagah, Lamongan
Authors: Pamuji Feby Agung , Riawan Dedet Candra , Soedibyo Soedibyo , Suryoatmojo Heri , Ashari Mochamad
Published: June 2024

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara produsen udang terbesar di duina. Udang merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan andalan Indonesia yang sangat potensial untuk diekspor. Sebagai salah satu komoditas unggulan nasional udang selalu menjadi pilihan untuk bisa dilibatkan dalam upaya peningkatan pendapat negara dan menggapai target kenaikan produksi hingga 250% pada tahun 2024 mendatang. Jawa Timur menempati urutan ketiga dengan produksi udang terbanyak. Salah satu daerah di Jawa Timur yang aktif memproduksi udang adalah Kabupaten Lamongan, tepatnya di Kecamatan Glagah. Biaya pakan udang tidaklah murah sehingga banyak peternak udang yang mengeluhkan besarnya pengeluaran mereka untuk membeli pakan udang. Oleh karena itu dirancanglah inovasi mesin pembuat pakan udang bertenaga sinar matahari. Pada sistem ini, alat pembuat pakan udang akan dioperasikan menggunakan listrik bertenaga matahari. Listrik yang dihasilkan oleh panel surya dapat menghemat pengeluaran listrik untuk operasi mesin pembuat pakan udang ini. Penggunaan panel surya juga dapat mendukung akselerasi penggunaan energi baru terbarukan guna mewujudkan energi yang bersih dan murah di kalangan masyarakat. Inovasi alat ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan kepada masyarakat mengenai penerapan energi baru terbarukan di bidang peternakan, membantu peternak untuk mandiri dalam penyediaan pakan, dan dapat mengurangi biaya pengeluaran para peternak di daerah Glagah Lamongan. Kegiatan abmas ini sudah berhasil terlaksana dan alat inovasi kami berhasil di terapkan. Alat inovasi kami berdampak kepada penurunan biaya pakan udang di daerah Glagah Lamongan.
Pelatihan Penyusunan Soal High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) Bidang Matematika di SMP Barunawati Surabaya
Authors: Hanafi Lukman , Wahyudi Suhud , Sadjidon Sadjidon , Hariyanto Hariyanto , Yunus Mahmud , Safarina Sena
Published: June 2024

Program kegiatan pelatihan penyusunan soal-soal HOTS bidang matematika ini dilaksanakan di SMP Barunawati Surabaya bekerjasama dengan Musyawarah Kerja Kepala Sekolah (MKKS) Swasta Surabaya untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru-guru SMP swasta di Surabaya Utara. Tujuan pelatihan ini untuk membantu peserta pelatihan menyusun, menyelesaikan dan menerapkan soal-soal HOTS bidang matematika. Mereka diberi materi pembelajaran bagaimana cara dan teknik menyusun soal-soal HOTS yang berhubungan dengan masalah aljabar, geometri, bilangan, data dan statistka. Adapun manfaat pengabdian ini antara lain untuk guru-guru SMP dapat menambah wawasan maupun pengkayaan tentang kedalaman materi matematika maupun penerapannya dalam melaksanakan proses belajar mengajar di kelas. Dengan bertambahnya kompetensi dan kemampuan guru-guru dalam mengembangkan materi matematika dan penerapannya dapat memberikan perubahan tentang persepsi siswa terhadap mata pelajaran matematika yang berujung pada peningkatkan nilai ujian bidang matematika dan mampu untuk berkompetisi di tingkat daerah, nasional maupun internasional. Dari evaluasi yang dilakukan berupa tugas pembuatan soal-soal HOTS diperoleh hasil bahwa para guru sudah mampu membuat soal-soal HOTS bidang matematika.
Comparison of first-year nursing students' GAD-7 scores: a pilot study focusing on Generation Z
Authors: Flynn Deborah , Barker Stuart
Published: June 2024

Background:

In a post-pandemic landscape, Generation Z (Gen Z) nursing students are increasingly facing mental health challenges, notably anxiety. This study investigated these challenges among first-year nursing students.

Aims:

The primary objective was to assess self-reported anxiety levels in first-year undergraduate nursing students, focusing on Gen Z, before or at the onset of their initial clinical placement post-pandemic.

Methods:

Employing a cross-sectional design, this study used the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire to evaluate anxiety levels. It encompassed first-year nursing students from various fields at a university in North East England, considering generational differences, field of nursing, and demographic variables.

Findings:

Results indicated anxiety levels among generational groups, with Gen Z students exhibiting extreme variations. Notably, students in Mental Health Nursing reported less anxiety than their counterparts in other nursing fields. The study also sheds light on the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic on student mental health.

Conclusions:

The study underscores the necessity for bespoke support systems in educational and clinical environments, particularly for Gen Z students. It advocates for comprehensive strategies in universities and clinical settings to nurture nursing students' emotional health, thereby enhancing their resilience and long-term career prospects
Heart failure patients' experiences of telerehabilitation
Authors: Devlin Julie , Reid Bernie
Published: June 2024

In the UK, almost 1 million people are living with heart failure, with heart and circulatory diseases accounting for 27% of all deaths, according to the British Heart Foundation. Current heart failure guidelines support cardiac rehabilitation as an intervention to reduce cardiovascular events, increase exercise tolerance and enhance patients' quality of life. Research indicates that telerehabilitation is an effective component of heart failure management, which helps overcome perceived barriers to cardiac rehabilitation including travel to appointments, long waiting times and accessibility. Understanding patient experiences and increasing telerehabilitation among heart failure patients is pertinent to implementing person-centred care, reducing risk and optimising quality of life.
in vivo and in situ robust quantitative optical biopsy of hepatocellular carcinoma and metastasis based on two-photon autofluorescence imaging
Authors: Song Naikun , Gu Bobo
Published: June 2024

Two-photon autofluorescence (TPAF) imaging is able to offer precise cellular metabolic information with high spatiotemporal resolution, making it a promising biopsy tool. The technique is greatly hampered by the complexity of either the optical system or data processing. Here, the excitation wavelength was optimized to simultaneously excite both flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and eliminate the unexpected TPAF. The optical redox ratio (ORR) images were robustly achieved without additional calibration under the optimized single-wavelength excitation. The in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo biopsy by the TPAF method were systematically studied and compared using hepato-cellular carcinoma and metastasis as examples. It was demonstrated that the proposed TPAF method simplified the optical system, improved the robustness of ORR, and enabled early-stage cancer diagnosis, showing distinguished advantages as compared with previous methods.
Low complexity equalization in coherent optical communication based on Fermat number transform
Authors: Liu Zheli , Chen Siyu , Chen Junda , Li Yuqi , Tang Ming
Published: June 2024

In order to reduce the power consumption of digital signal processing
(DSP) in a coherent optical communication system, a low complexity
equalization scheme in DSP flow of a 400 Gb/s DP-16QAM system
has been proposed. This scheme is based on Fermat number transform
(FNT), which sequentially performs static equalization (SE) and
dynamic equalization (DE) in the transform domain. For different
distances, the proposed scheme finds the optimal solution under the
condition that transform length and data bit width are mutually
restricted under different transmission distances while achieving low
complexity and optimal performance. The experimental results show that
the adopted transform-domain equalization (TrDE) scheme has much lower
computational complexity than the traditional frequency-domain
equalization (FDE) and time-domain equalization (TDE) nearly without
any performance loss. In the 80, 160, and 240 km scenarios, the
number of multiplier is reduced by more than 72%, and the
advantage becomes more obvious as the transmission capacity
increases.
Using interactive Jupyter Notebooks and BioConda for FAIR and reproducible biomolecular simulation workflows
Authors: Bayarri Genís , Andrio Pau , Gelpí Josep Lluís , Hospital Adam , Orozco Modesto
Published: June 2024

Interactive Jupyter Notebooks in combination with Conda environments can be used to generate FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable/Reproducible) biomolecular simulation workflows. The interactive programming code accompanied by documentation and the possibility to inspect intermediate results with versatile graphical charts and data visualization is very helpful, especially in iterative processes, where parameters might be adjusted to a particular system of interest. This work presents a collection of FAIR notebooks covering various areas of the biomolecular simulation field, such as molecular dynamics (MD), protein–ligand docking, molecular checking/modeling, molecular interactions, and free energy perturbations. Workflows can be launched with myBinder or easily installed in a local system. The collection of notebooks aims to provide a compilation of demonstration workflows, and it is continuously updated and expanded with examples using new methodologies and tools.
Ten simple rules to make computable knowledge shareable and reusable
Authors: Conte Marisa L. , Boisvert Peter , Barrison Philip , Seifi Farid , Landis-Lewis Zach , Flynn Allen , Friedman Charles P.
Published: June 2024

Computable biomedical knowledge (CBK) is: “the result of an analytic and/or deliberative process about human health, or affecting human health, that is explicit, and therefore can be represented and reasned upon using logic, formal standards, and mathematical approaches.” Representing biomedical knowledge in a machine-interpretable, computable form increases its ability to be discovered, accessed, understood, and deployed. Computable knowledge artifacts can greatly advance the potential for implementation, reproducibility, or extension of the knowledge by users, who may include practitioners, researchers, and learners. Enriching computable knowledge artifacts may help facilitate reuse and translation into practice. Following the examples of 10 Simple Rules papers for scientific code, software, and applications, we present 10 Simple Rules intended to make shared computable knowledge artifacts more useful and reusable. These rules are mainly for researchers and their teams who have decided that sharing their computable knowledge is important, who wish to go beyond simply describing results, algorithms, or models via traditional publication pathways, and who want to both make their research findings more accessible, and to help others use their computable knowledge. These rules are roughly organized into 3 categories: planning, engineering, and documentation. Finally, while many of the following examples are of computable knowledge in biomedical domains, these rules are generalizable to computable knowledge in any research domain.
ToxoNet: A high confidence map of protein-protein interactions in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Swapna Lakshmipuram S. , Stevens Grant C. , Sardinha-Silva Aline , Hu Lucas Zhongming , Brand Verena , Fusca Daniel D. , Wan Cuihong , Xiong Xuejian , Boyle Jon P. , Grigg Michael E. , Emili Andrew , Parkinson John
Published: June 2024

The apicomplexan intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a major food borne pathogen that is highly prevalent in the global population. The majority of the T. gondii proteome remains uncharacterized and the organization of proteins into complexes is unclear. To overcome this knowledge gap, we used a biochemical fractionation strategy to predict interactions by correlation profiling. To overcome the deficit of high-quality training data in non-model organisms, we complemented a supervised machine learning strategy, with an unsupervised approach, based on similarity network fusion. The resulting combined high confidence network, ToxoNet, comprises 2,063 interactions connecting 652 proteins. Clustering identifies 93 protein complexes. We identified clusters enriched in mitochondrial machinery that include previously uncharacterized proteins that likely represent novel adaptations to oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, complexes enriched in proteins localized to secretory organelles and the inner membrane complex, predict additional novel components representing novel targets for detailed functional characterization. We present ToxoNet as a publicly available resource with the expectation that it will help drive future hypotheses within the research community.
Evaluation of flow, supply, and demand for noise reduction in urban area, Hamadan in Iran
Authors: Gharibi Shiva , Shayesteh Kamran
Published: June 2024

Noise pollution is one of the consequences of urbanization that can cause environmental disturbances in urban areas. Urban ecosystems provide noise reduction services through Urban Green infrastructures (UGIs). Many studies have been conducted to evaluate and model traffic noise, but none have addressed the flow, supply, and demand of noise reduction ecosystem services. The main purpose of this paper is to present a new methodology for estimating flow, supply, and demand for noise reduction in Hamadan city that has not been mentioned in any paper so far. UGIs were classified into six main categories: agricultural lands, gardens, parks, abandoned lands, single trees, and street trees. A total of 57 sampling stations for sound measurement were made in August 2018. The current map of noise pollution (flow) was created using the Kriging method. The amount of supply was measured up to a distance of 50 meters from the main roads based on two approaches (the distance effect and the sound barrier effect). To quantify the demand, the current sound intensity level in the noise-sensitive land uses was compared with standards. Zonal statistics was used for spatial analysis of supply-demand in the urban neighborhood as a working unit. Results showed that at distances of 5m, 10m, 15m, and 20m, the average noise reduction was found to be 1.61, 2.83, 3.92, and 5.33 dB, respectively. Sound barriers at distances of 5m and 10m resulted in an average sound reduction of 1.61 and 2.83 dB, respectively. Individual trees, strip trees, abandoned lands, parks, and gardens led to a decrease in traffic noise by 0.3, 1, 0.1, 3.5, and 4.5 dB, respectively. The clustering analysis revealed a significant spatial clustering of noise pollution in Hamedan. The results and new methodology of this research can be used in similar areas to estimate the supply and demand of noise reduction and also for decision-makers to take management actions to increase supply and meet the demand for noise reduction service.
Activation of the integrated stress response in human hair follicles
Authors: Pye Derek , Scholey Rachel , Ung Sin , Dawson Madoc , Shahmalak Asim , Purba Talveen S.
Published: June 2024

Unravelling how energy metabolism and stress responses are regulated in human scalp hair follicles could reveal novel insights into the controls of hair growth and provide new targets to manage hair loss disorders. The Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier (MPC) imports pyruvate, produced via glycolysis, into the mitochondria, fuelling the TCA cycle. Previous work has shown that MPC inhibition promotes lactate generation, which activates murine epithelial hair follicle stem cells (eHFSCs). However, by pharmacologically targeting the MPC in short-term human hair follicle ex vivo organ culture experiments using UK-5099, we induced metabolic stress-responsive proliferative arrest throughout the human hair follicle epithelium, including within Keratin 15+ eHFSCs. Through transcriptomics, MPC inhibition was shown to promote a gene expression signature indicative of disrupted FGF, IGF, TGFβ and WNT signalling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activation of the integrated stress response (ISR), which can arrest cell cycle progression. The ISR, mediated by the transcription factor ATF4, is activated by stressors including amino acid deprivation and ER stress, consistent with MPC inhibition within our model. Using RNAScope, we confirmed the upregulation of both ATF4 and the highly upregulated ATF4-target gene ADM2 on human hair follicle tissue sections in situ. Moreover, treatment with the ISR inhibitor ISRIB attenuated both the upregulation of ADM2 and the proliferative block imposed via MPC inhibition. Together, this work reveals how the human hair follicle, as a complex and metabolically active human tissue system, can dynamically adapt to metabolic stress.
The role of social norms, intergroup contact, and ingroup favoritism in weight stigma
Authors: Standen Erin C. , Ward Andrew , Mann Traci
Published: June 2024

Although average body size in the U.S. has increased in recent decades, stigma directed at individuals with higher weight has not diminished. In this study, we explored this phenomenon by investigating the relationship between people’s perceived social norms regarding higher weight and their reported levels of weight bias (i.e., anti-fat attitudes). Our predictions for perceived social norms drew on the concepts of intergroup contact and ingroup favoritism, which were also probed in this study. We hypothesized that both greater descriptive norms and more favorable injunctive norms regarding higher weight would be associated with lower reported weight bias. Individuals’ quantity and quality of social contact with people with higher weight were also predicted to be associated with lower weight bias. Finally, we predicted that individuals who perceived themselves as heavier would display ingroup favoritism (i.e., report less weight bias). Participants (N = 272) from the United States completed a set of online questionnaires about their perceived social norms, social contact with people with higher weight, and explicit weight bias. We found support for each of these pre-registered predictions (ps < 0.03), and post hoc analyses revealed that quality, but not quantity, of social contact with individuals with higher weight was an important predictor of lower weight bias. Together, these findings provide insight into the social psychology of weight bias and help to lay a theoretical foundation for future efforts to reduce weight stigma.
Non-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 N-terminal domain antibodies protect mice against severe disease using Fc-mediated effector functions
Authors: Pierre Camille N. , Adams Lily E. , Higgins Jaclyn S. , Anasti Kara , Goodman Derrick , Mielke Dieter , Stanfield-Oakley Sherry , Powers John M. , Li Dapeng , Rountree Wes , Wang Yunfei , Edwards Robert J. , Alam S. Munir , Ferrari Guido , Tomaras Georgia D. , Haynes Barton F. , Baric Ralph S. , Saunders Kevin O.
Published: June 2024

Antibodies perform both neutralizing and non-neutralizing effector functions that protect against certain pathogen-induced diseases. A human antibody directed at the SARS-CoV-2 Spike N-terminal domain (NTD), DH1052, was recently shown to be non-neutralizing, yet it protected mice and cynomolgus macaques from severe disease. The mechanisms of NTD non-neutralizing antibody-mediated protection are unknown. Here we show that Fc effector functions mediate NTD non-neutralizing antibody (non-nAb) protection against SARS-CoV-2 MA10 viral challenge in mice. Though non-nAb prophylactic infusion did not suppress infectious viral titers in the lung as potently as neutralizing antibody (nAb) infusion, disease markers including gross lung discoloration were similar in nAb and non-nAb groups. Fc functional knockout substitutions abolished non-nAb protection and increased viral titers in the nAb group. Fc enhancement increased non-nAb protection relative to WT, supporting a positive association between Fc functionality and degree of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. For therapeutic administration of antibodies, non-nAb effector functions contributed to virus suppression and lessening of lung discoloration, but the presence of neutralization was required for optimal protection from disease. This study demonstrates that non-nAbs can utilize Fc-mediated mechanisms to lower viral load and prevent lung damage due to coronavirus infection.
Water, food, and mental well-being: Associations between drinking water source, household water and food insecurity, and mental well-being of low-income pregnant women in urban Mozambique
Authors: O’Brien Lilly A. , Snyder Jedidiah S. , Garn Joshua V. , Kann Rebecca , Júnior Antonio , McGunegill Sandy , Muneme Bacelar , Manuel João Luís , Nalá Rassul , Levy Karen , Freeman Matthew C.
Published: June 2024

Drinking water access and water and food insecurity have been linked to mental well-being, but few studies have comprehensively assessed potential pathways linking these associations. Understanding these mediation pathways is particularly important among pregnant women, as prenatal stress and poor mental well-being have been shown to negatively impact fetal development. In this study, we address this gap by analyzing the relationships between drinking water source and water and food insecurity with mental well-being amongst pregnant women living in low-income, urban neighborhoods of Beira, Mozambique. Data for this cross-sectional analysis were collected among third-trimester, pregnant women (n = 740) from February 2021 through October 2022 as part of a matched cohort study. Validated, cross-cultural measures of mental well-being and household water and food insecurity were administered in the survey. Drinking water source was determined by presence of a household drinking water source on-premises. We used logistic regression to characterize the associations between drinking water source, water and food insecurity, and mental well-being and causal mediation analysis to determine mediation by food and water insecurity along these pathways. We found evidence that water insecurity (OR 1.44; 95%CI 1.02, 2.02) and food insecurity (OR 2.27; 95%CI 1.57, 3.34) were individually associated with adverse mental well-being. Drinking water source was not associated with mental well-being (OR 1.00; 95%CI 0.71, 1.39), water insecurity (OR 0.86; 95%CI 0.60, 1.24), or food insecurity (OR 1.02; 95%CI 0.71, 1.47). Food insecurity may also mediate the relationship between water insecurity and mental well-being (ACME 0.05; 95%CI 0.02, 0.07; ADE 0.04; 95%CI -0.04, 0.13). Our findings support growing literature that water and food insecurity are important to mental well-being, a key aspect of overall health. Further research is needed to confirm causality along these pathways and determine specific mechanisms through which these interactions take place.
Utilización de terapia de presión negativa VAC ® en el tratamiento la fascitis necrotizante cervical. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Rodríguez-Rodríguez Dolores , Sanz-Sánchez Cristina Isabel , Cazorla-Ramos Óscar Emilio
Published: June 2024

Introducción y objetivo:
Las fascitis necrotizantes son infecciones con riesgo vital. Se precisa un índice de sospecha alto para un diagnóstico y manejo tempranos. Aunque el tratamiento sea adecuado, los desbridamientos quirúrgicos dejan grandes defectos cutáneos de difícil tratamiento y control. Los sistemas de presión negativa VAC permiten una curación temprana de estos defectos tisulares.

Método:
Se realizó una revisión sistemática en PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CIHAHL y Scielo, sin restricción de idioma, incluyendo todos los artículos publicados hasta el 31 de julio de 2023.

Resultados:
11 estudios originales cumplieron los criterios de inclusión (10 reportes de casos y 1 serie de casos), con un total de 18 pacientes con fascitis cervical tratados con VAC. Se muestra una mayor prevalencia en hombres, la principal comorbilidad es la diabetes mellitus y el principal origen el odontógeno. El 100% de los pacientes precisan desbridamiento quirúrgico, la media de utilización de la VAC es de 25.7 días y ningún paciente de los estudiados falleció.

Discusión:
La presentación de fascitis necrotizante en cabeza y cuello es rara, asocia una respuesta inflamatoria que requiere tratamiento multidisciplicar. La VAC ayuda a promover la cicatrización al disminuir la carga bacteriana, disminuye el número de desbridamientos y acorta la estancia hospitalaria.

Conclusiones:
La terapia de presión negativa se ha mostrado como opción terapéutica eficaz y segura para el tratamiento de fascitis necrotizantes en otras regiones, consideramos que la realización de un estudio reglado sobre su uso a nivel cervical podría aportar evidencia científica a favor de su utilización.
The effects of Artemisia annua nutritional supplementation at varying concentrations on broiler growth, economic yield, and gene expression levels of certain antioxidant, inflammatory, and immune genes
Authors: Mamdouh Maha , Shehata Seham F. , El-Keredy Amira , Awad Dina A. , El-Rayes Talaat Khedr , Elsokary Mohamed M. M. , Baloza Samar H.
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim: Artemisia annua (AA), used as a growth promoter in poultry, lowers feed costs and enhances economic efficiency. This study aimed to assess the impact of varying AA concentrations on broiler chicken growth, gene expression, and profitability.

Materials and Methods: Two hundred 1-day-old male Cobb chicks were randomly allocated into four treatment groups, each containing five replicates and 10 birds. The experimental groups consisted of G1 (basal diet), G2 (basal diet with 0.3% AA), G3 (basal diet with 0.6% AA), and G4 (basal diet with 0.9% AA). The birds had continuous access to feed and water throughout the study. The experiment lasted for 42 days. we measured the growth performance (Feed intake, Life weight), carcass traits (weight after slaughter, dressed carcass, heart, gizzard, spleen, giblet and thymus weight), liver and spleen antioxidants (CAT, GSH, SOD), and gene expression of anti-inflammatory and immune- related genes.

Results: The primary findings revealed that the addition of 0.6% AA had a positive impact (p < 0.05) on all investigated variables compared with the control and other groups. Dietary supplementation with 0.6% AA led to increased breast, giblet, skeleton, and total yield, and net return compared with the control group. Supplementation with AA exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunological effects through improved levels of antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in tissue homogenates of the liver and spleen. It also upregulated the relative messenger RNA levels of anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, whereas IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were downregulated.

Conclusion: The study found that AA is a promising replacement for antibiotics in poultry farming as a growth promoter for chickens. 0.6% AA in the broiler diet yielded the best results, striking a balance between superior performance and robust economic benefits.

Keywords: Artemisia annua, broiler, carcass traits, economics, immunity, mRNA gene expression.
Biostimulants and bioactivator in strawberry production (Fragaria vesca L.): Post-harvest production parameters
Authors: Jesus Lorraine Boa Ventura de , Menezes Filho Antonio Carlos Pereira de , Sharma Porshia , Melo Aurélio Ferreira , Ventura Matheus Vinícius Abadia
Published: June 2024

Strawberries are classified as pseudofruits and are included in the genus Fragaria. There are several cultivars and hybrids of strawberries, with different lengths, diameters, colors and flavors. This study aimed to evaluate biostimulants and bioactivators in the development of morphological reproductive parameters in Fragaria vesca strawberry pseudofruits. The experiment was carried out in the field in pots, with two biostimulants (Stingray and ST Pro) and a bioactivator (Biozyme) inoculated into strawberry seeds. The evaluation parameters were length, diameter, fresh mass and dry mass of pseudofruits at the commercial maturity stage. The Stingray biostimulant proved to be an excellent biostimulant option with satisfactory results for pseudofruit length with an average of 3.87 cm, average diameter of 2.83 cm and fresh mass with an average of 13.49 g per fruit-1. The biostimulants and bioactivator have positive effects on the strawberry crop (Fragaria vesca).
Religious Moderation Perspectives and Pratices in Muslim Youths With International Exposure
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Husna Nailul , Fauziah Ni’matul
Published: June 2024

Travel across border give opportunity to people to immerse in a diverse groups and  societies. It is hoped to enrich life experiences that lays the groundwork for the creation of  more harmonious and tolerant societies. Religious moderation, especially in Indonesian context, require tolerance, anti-violence, the sense of nationality and local culture acceptance from its citizen to maintain the harmonious, moreover, the unity of Indonesia as a country.  Unfortunately, some Muslim youths were found to have low tolerance toward different religion groups. This study aims to assess if Muslim youths with international exposure have good moderation perspectives and practices in religion, including tolerance. This study is a quantitative descriptive with the help of survey tool to collect data from Muslim youths with international experiences. The analysis was carried out using univariate analysis. The results depict that more than 90% of the 155 respondents have good perspectives and practices toward religious moderation. Only practice of tolerance has slightly lower percentage which is 89%. More international programs for Muslim youths are encouraged to help them increase the level of tolerance toward differences
Authentic learning and job readiness: Are mixed-reality simulations effective tools for preparing business students for the real world?
Authors: Pickering Mark , Jopp Ryan , Wheeler Melissa , Topple Cheree
Published: June 2024

Advances in technology have significantly enhanced the quality of mixed-reality simulations, incorporating both real and virtual aspects. Mixed-reality simulations have been used to develop individual knowledge, skills and abilities in higher education; however, the use of such simulations to introduce authentic learning activities into higher education courses remains under-researched. In the current paper, we detail the design, implementation, continuous improvements and student perceptions of a mixed-reality simulation used in a final-year undergraduate business unit. An iterative approach proved important to improving the simulation across deliveries. Clear instructions, student preparation, familiarisation with the technology used and support for the development of communication skills also influenced student perceptions of the activity. Our findings from over 200 students indicate that the use of mixed-reality simulations is an authentic and effective teaching approach for the development and demonstration of employability skills. This study is useful to educators seeking to understand the value of mixed-reality simulations in higher education and their ability to provide authentic learning experiences which increase overall student satisfaction.
 
Implications for practice or policy:

Student satisfaction and employability skills can be improved through participation in authentic mixed-reality simulations.
Students may require support developing communication skills required to interact with the simulation.
Educators can enhance the student experience by demonstrating how the simulation works, familiarising them with the avatars and how they interact with participants.
Educators should focus on continuous improvement to get the simulation right.
Universities should consider implications for workloads, technical support and budgets when introducing mixed-reality simulations.
Analyse der Abdeckung wissenschaftlicher Publikationen auf Semantic Scholar im Kontext von Open Access
Authors: Haupka Nick
Published: June 2024

In diesem Beitrag soll der Service Semantic Scholar untersucht und der Frage nachgegangen werden, inwiefern sich Informationen des Services für das OA-Publikationsmonitoring an Bibliotheken und Hochschulen nachnutzen lassen. Ausgehend von einer Vollerhebung von Zeitschriftenartikeln der Jahre 2000 bis 2020 wird der OA-Anteil innerhalb verschiedener wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen bestimmt. Ferner soll eine Aussage bezüglich der Qualität der OA-Nachweise in Semantic Scholar getroffen werden.
Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Gonyaulax kunsanensis sp. nov. (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae) from Korean coastal waters
Authors: Shin Hyeon Ho , Li Zhun , Mertens Kenneth Neil , Du Yoo Yeong , Youn Joo Yeon , Lee Minji , Gu Haifeng
Published: June 2024

Two Gonyaulax-like strains were established by isolating cells from Korean coastal waters, and their morphologies and molecular phylogenies based on SSU and LSU rRNA gene sequences were examined. The motile cells displayed neutral torsion and a plate formula typical for the genus Gonyaulax, and were characterized by a reticulated surface with many pores, and a marked antapical flange on the boundary between 1″″ and 2p or two prominent spines. The reticulate ornamentation was sometimes absent on the plate margin or on the entire plate. Pronounced rows of pores on the margins of precingular, cingular and postcingular plates were observed, and especially a distinct pore was always present on the margin of the anterior sulcal plate contacting with 1″. A spiniferate resting cyst had a red body, gonal and intergonal processes, and an antapical flange. In the phylogenetic tree, the Korean isolates had a close relationship to Gonyaulax membranacea and were clearly divergent from other Gonyaulax species. These species can be distinguished by the presence or absence of a distinct pore on the margin of the anterior sulcal plate in touch with 1″, and different process types in cyst morphology. Based on these morpho-molecular data, Gonyaulax kunsanensis sp. nov. is proposed.
The synergistic application of sucrose and various LED light exposures to enhance the in vitro growth of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)
Authors: Nasution Aulia M. T. , Muslihatin Wirdhatul , Patrialoka Sefi N. , Pratama I Putu Eka Widya , Aisyah Putri Y. , Jadid Nurul , Antika Titi R. , Shovitri Maya
Published: June 2024

Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni), a natural zero-calorie sweetener, is approximately 300 times sweeter than sucrose. It holds value in the food industry and pharmaceutical-related sectors. Previous studies have reported numerous pharmacological activities associated with stevia, including its role as an anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and anti-diarrheal. Consequently, there is a high demand for mass production of its metabolite product. However, stevia produces a limited number of seeds with low viability and germination rates, significantly diminishing plant productivity. Early studies demonstrated that adding sucrose or exposure to various light types improves stevia growth. Despite this, little is known about the combined effect of supplementary sucrose and exposure to various light types on stevia growth. Our results revealed that adding 3% sucrose to the culture media yields the finest growth phenotype. Interestingly, combining supplementary sucrose and light-emitting diode treatments promotes stevia growth, with diverse responses depending on the light spectrum. For instance, white light enhances chlorophyll production, while green light increases plantlet height. Notably, red and blue lights lead to an increase in leaf number and an expansion of leaf size, respectively. Surprisingly, stevia cultivated without additional sucrose under white light treatment displays anisocytic stomata larger than average.
Holistic Holiness: An Examination of Human Flourishing from the Intersecting Perspectives of Catholic Theology and Psychology
Authors: Laracy Joseph R. , Mattheiss Samantha R.
Published: June 2024

There is a growing body of popular and scholarly literature dedicated to the topic of holistic health. Many writers, both Christian and non-Christian, acknowledge the physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of the human person. After analyzing approaches supported by contemporary psychology and neuroscience, we find that some of the practices that have been shown to promote overall well-being are consistent with the theological and spiritual traditions of the Catholic Church. In this article, we describe 10 practices demonstrated to promote human flourishing.
A Theological Appraisal of the Works of Anna A. Terruwe and Conrad W. Baars
Authors: Giertych Wojciech
Published: June 2024

Terruwe and Baars's explanation of neurotic repression is based upon Thomistic psychology. It has pastoral value, but it needs to be located within an authentic spiritual life. Their input shows what happens in the emotional sphere when moral teaching is excessively focused on voluntarist legalism and moral law and thus it is received not by reason or faith, but through disturbed feelings. The work of these Catholic psychotherapists is an important contribution to the necessary renewal of moral theology, akin to the works of other theologians who have noted shifts of emphasis in modern moral teaching all deriving from late mediaeval Nominalist philosophy. A return to the earlier theological synthesis of Aquinas offers a wider and optimistic perspective. The Dominican theologian had mentioned three ways that the control of the passions may be attempted, including the neurotic approach. Only the cultivation of virtue grants psychic wholeness and equilibrium. The opting for neurotic repression is caused by a deformation of the sensitive usefulness judgment (what Aquinas called the vis cogitativa) that is impacted by social pressure. Its correcting will facilitate the healthy eliciting of moral virtues and lead to internal psychic peace.