bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of vegetation and building geometry on the spatial variations of air temperature and cooling rates in a high‐latitude city
Authors: Konarska Janina , Holmer Björn , Lindberg Fredrik , Thorsson Sofia
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study was to provide a better understanding of how vegetation and building geometry influence the spatial distribution of air temperature and nocturnal cooling rates (CR) in a high‐latitude city. Intra‐urban thermal variations were analysed in two seasons (May–September and November–March) and in different weather conditions (clear, calm and cloudy, windy) in Gothenburg, Sweden. Simultaneous air temperature measurements were conducted for 2 years (2012–2013) at ten fixed park and street sites characterized by varying type and amount of vegetation, building geometry, openness and surface cover. Several spatial characteristics, including sky view factor (SVF) as well as the cover and volume of buildings and trees, were calculated within circular areas of radii ranging from 10 to 150 m. Spatial characteristics were found to explain air temperature distribution in the studied area to a large extent throughout the day and year, in both clear, calm as well as cloudy, windy conditions. The highest correlations were found for weighted calculation areas accounting for the influence of both nearest (10 m) and wider (25–150 m) surroundings. Park sites remained cooler than built‐up areas, with the most pronounced cooling effect (0.8 °C) on clear, calm days of the warm season. The most important factor governing CR around sunset was SVF. However, on clear, calm nights of the warm season, they were also enhanced by vegetation, indicating the influence of evapotranspiration. Minimum night‐time air temperature was governed mostly by the presence of buildings. Within the street canyon, a daytime cooling and night‐time warming effect of a street tree was observed, particularly in the warm season. The study shows the importance of various spatial characteristics describing openness, amount of vegetation and building geometry in analysing intra‐urban variations in daytime and night‐time air temperature.
Impact of depth and extent of lymphovascular space invasion on lymph node metastasis and recurrence patterns in endometrial cancer
Authors: Matsuo Koji , Garcia‐Sayre Jocelyn , Medeiros Fabiola , Casabar Jennifer K. , Machida Hiroko , Moeini Aida , Roman Lynda D.
Published: September 2015

Background and Objectives

To determine the significance of depth and extent of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) on lymph node metastasis and recurrence in endometrial cancer.

Methods

A case‐control study was conducted to examine LVSI‐positive (n = 70) and LVSI‐negative (n = 641) stage I–III endometrial cancer cases that underwent hysterectomy‐based surgical staging. The risk of lymph node metastasis and distant recurrence was estimated based on LVSI patterns.

Results

In multivariate analysis, deep (>50% invasion), and extensive (≥7 foci/slide) LVSI patterns had a significantly increased risk of lymph node metastasis (incidence 57.6% and 72.7%, odds ratio 33.8 and 49.9, respectively, P < 0.001) as compared to other traditional uterine factors (>50% myometrial tumor invasion, cervical stromal invasion, and adnexal involvement: incidence range 30.4–37.9%, odds ratio range 3.80–7.03). Deep and extensive of LVSI patterns were both significantly correlated to distant recurrence (P < 0.001). Among women who received postoperative chemotherapy, deep and extensive LVSI patterns did not have increased risks for distant recurrence compared to no LVSI (P = 0.47 and 0.32, respectively). Among women who received postoperative radiotherapy, the depth of LVSI was significantly associated with recurrence outside the radiated field (P = 0.02).

Conclusions

Depth and extent of LVSI are important predictors for lymph node metastasis and distant recurrence in endometrial cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:669–676. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new option with the pedicle thoracoacromial artery perforator flap for hypopharyngeal reconstructions
Authors: Zhang Yi Xin , Li Zan , Grassetti Luca , Lazzeri Davide , Nicoli Fabio , Zenn Michael R. , Zhou Xiao , Spinelli Giuseppe , Yu Peirong
Published: September 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

The reconstruction of hypopharyngeal defects should focus on minimizing morbidity in a high‐risk population while achieving adequate functional results with regard to the restoration of speech, swallowing, and airway control. We introduce the clinical application of the thoracoacromial artery perforator (TAAP) flap as a new reconstructive option for hypopharyngeal defects.

Methods

This method was used to restore oncologic hypopharyngeal defects in nine patients: three who had previous irradiation and surgery, one who had previous surgery only, and another who had previous radiotherapy only.

Results

All of the TAAP flaps of our series were transferred successfully and survived entirely. The donor sites were closed primarily in all cases. No fistulas, stenosis/strictures, dehiscence, or swelling occurred. Pectoralis major muscle function was completely preserved in all patients.

Conclusions

The use of TAAP flap to reconstruct hypopharyngeal defect is a simple and effective method that does not require microsurgical skills. The flap is thin and pliable, with a reliable blood supply.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 126:1315–1320, 2016
Copepod carcasses as microbial hot spots for pelagic denitrification
Authors: Glud Ronnie N. , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Larsen Morten , Tang Kam W. , Arendt Kristine E. , Rysgaard Søren , Thamdrup Bo , Gissel Nielsen Torkel
Published: September 2015

Copepods are exposed to a high non‐predatory mortality and their decomposing carcasses act as microniches with intensified microbial activity. Sinking carcasses could thereby represent anoxic microenvironment sustaining anaerobic microbial pathways in otherwise oxic water columns. Using non‐invasive O2 imaging, we document that carcasses of Calanus finmarchicus had an anoxic interior even at fully air‐saturated ambient O2 level. The extent of anoxia gradually expanded with decreasing ambient O2 levels. Concurrent microbial sampling showed the expression of nitrite reductase genes (nirS) in all investigated carcass samples and thereby documented the potential for microbial denitrification in carcasses. The nirS gene was occasionally expressed in live copepods, but not as consistently as in carcasses. Incubations of sinking carcasses in 15
amended seawater demonstrated denitrification, of which on average 34% ± 17% (n = 28) was sustained by nitrification. However, the activity was highly variable and was strongly dependent on the ambient O2 levels. While denitrification was present even at air‐saturation (302 μmol L−1), the average carcass specific activity increased several orders of magnitude to ∼ 1 nmol d−1 at 20% air‐saturation (55 μmol O2 L−1) at an ambient temperature of 7°C. Sinking carcasses of C. finmarchicus therefore represent hotspots of pelagic denitrification, but the quantitative importance as a sink for bioavailable nitrogen is strongly dependent on the ambient O2 level. The importance of carcass associated denitrification could be highly significant in O2 depleted environments such as Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZ).
Stationary solutions for a superlinear Dirac equation
Authors: Zhang Wen , Tang Xianhua , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2015

K. Guerlebeck In this paper, we consider the following nonlinear Dirac equation

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma3522:mma3522-math-0001
By applying the variant generalized weak linking theorem for strongly indefinite problem developed by Schechter and Zou, we prove the existence of nontrivial and ground state solutions for the aforementioned system under conditions weaker than those in Zhang et al. (Journal of Mathematical Physics, 2013). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unsaturated porous media flow with thermomechanical interaction
Authors: Albers Bettina , Krejčí Pavel
Published: September 2015

We propose a model for unsaturated poro‐plastic flow derived from the thermodynamic principles. For the isothermal case, the problem consists of a degenerate coupled system of two PDEs with two independent hysteresis operators describing hysteresis phenomena in both the solid and the pore fluids. Under natural hypotheses, we prove the existence of a global strong solution for this system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing an instrument to self‐evaluate the Discharge Planning of Ward Nurses
Authors: Sakai Shima , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko , Takai Yukari , Fukahori Hiroki , Ogata Yasuko
Published: September 2015

Aims

To develop the Discharge Planning of Ward Nurses (DPWN), a Japanese self‐evaluation instrument for ward nurses' discharge planning practices.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

Participants were 624 ward nurses from six hospitals in Japan with a discharge planning department. Items about discharge planning practices were collected from literature and interviews with nurses and researchers. Construct validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability were tested.

Results

Initially, 55 items were collected. Examination of the floor effect, item‐total, good–poor analyses and exploratory factor analysis yielded a four‐factor model with 24 items (‘teaching home‐care skills with community/hospital professionals,’ ‘identifying clients’ potential needs early in the discharge process,’ ‘introducing social resources’ and ‘identifying client/family wishes and building consensus for discharge’). The four‐factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The DPWN correlated with scales ascertaining similar concepts, supporting concurrent validity. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were generally satisfactory.
Effect of multi‐walled nanotubes on the interlaminar shear strength of glass fiber/acrylate composite fabricated by stepwise ultra‐violet light curing
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Duan Yugang , Zhang Xiaohui , Chen Jie
Published: September 2015

The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of glass fiber/acrylate composite with stepwise ultraviolet (UV) light curing was enhanced by adding multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into the resin matrix. The maximum content of MWCNTs that can be used in the process was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that prepreg with MWCNTs of more than 0.5% by weight was difficult to cure by UV light because of its poor UV light penetration ability. The ILSS was improved obviously due to the improved resin toughness, crack propagation resistance and interfacial adhesion between the resin and glass fibers according to SEM images. Experimental results suggested that the addition of MWCNTs is an effective method to improve the ILSS of UV stepwise curing composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2113–2118, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Permeability and mechanical property correlation of bio based epoxy reinforced with unidirectional sisal fiber mat through vacuum infusion molding technique
Authors: Rajkumar S. , Tjong Jimi , Nayak S.K. , Sain M.
Published: September 2015

The present investigation is focused to study the permeability of natural fiber during vacuum infusion (VI) process and the effect of the surface treatments of natural fiber, fiber loading direction, resin flow direction and process parameter on the tensile properties of developed composites (sisal/bio based epoxy). The bio based resin exhibits good flow characteristics in NaOH and isocyanate treated fibers which may be attributed to change in polarity. The surface treatments appear to provide an appreciable enhancement in tensile strength through enhanced bonding between fiber and matrix. The longitudinal tensile strength has been found to be higher than that of the transverse direction and the flow along the fiber provides maximum tensile strength. It has also been demonstrated that VI process provides improved mechanical properties as compared to hand‐layup process. Morphological studies of fractured developed composites were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the de‐bonding of fiber/matrix adhesion. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2192–2200, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Thermal kinetics and thermo‐mechanical properties of graphene integrated fluoroelastomer
Authors: Wei Junhua , Zhang Xin , Qiu Jingjing , Weeks Brandon L.
Published: September 2015

In this work, the thermal properties of a fluoroelastomer enhanced by graphene were systematically investigated. Although graphene oxide (GO) is the most popular and cheapest source for graphene, its chemical and thermal properties were quite different from reduced graphene oxide (RGO). By comparing their influences on the thermal properties of elastomer, the effects from chemical structures and morphologies of graphene were analyzed. As the vulcanization and decomposition determine the properties of the elastomer proved by significantly different thermo‐mechanical properties of the fluoroelastomer reinforced by GO and RGO presented, this work provides a method to ultimate utilize graphene to reinforce elastomer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1691–1700
Do Periglacial Landscapes Exist? A Discussion of the Upland Landscapes of Northern Interior Yukon, Canada
Authors: French Hugh M.
Published: September 2015

Much of the northern interior Yukon was never‐glaciated during the Quaternary. It has experienced cold and arid conditions for several millions of years. It represents one of the closest approximations that exist today of a periglacial landscape and provides an opportunity to assess conceptual models of periglacial landscape evolution. The terrain of two upland areas, Eagle Plain and the Barn Mountains foothills, casts doubt upon the widely‐assumed rapidity of periglacial landscape modification and suggests that the complete footprint of periglaciation is rarely achieved in upland terrain. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serotonin syndrome associated with morphine‐phenelzine interaction
Authors: Lam Y. W. Francis
Published: September 2015

Serotonin syndrome is a potentially serious condition that can, albeit rarely, result in death. It is usually caused by increased serotonin stimulation. The most common pharmacological intervention that results in serotonin syndrome is the concurrent use of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) with either tryptophan, tricyclic antidepressants, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).1 However, some opiates, such as tramadol (Ultram) and meperidine (Demerol), also have weak serotonergic activity and have been reported to precipitate serotonin toxicity with concurrent SSRI administration.2
Detection and characterization of the melting layer based on polarimetric radar scans
Authors: Wolfensberger Daniel , Scipion Danny , Berne Alexis
Published: September 2015

Stratiform rain situations are generally associated with the presence of a melting layer characterized by a strong signature in polarimetric radar variables. This layer is an important feature as it indicates the transition from solid to liquid precipitation. The melting layer remains poorly characterized, particularly from a polarimetric radar point of view. In this work a new algorithm to automatically detect the melting layer on polarimetric RHI radar scans using gradients of reflectivity and copolar correlation is first proposed. The algorithm was applied to high‐resolution X‐band polarimetric radar data and validated by comparing the height of the detected layer with freezing‐level heights obtained from radiosoundings and was shown to give both small errors and bias. The algorithm was then used on a large selection of precipitation events (more than 4000 RHI scans) from different seasons and climatic regions (South of France, Swiss Alps and plateau, and Iowa, USA) to characterize the geometric and polarimetric signatures of the melting layer. The melting layer is shown to have a very similar geometry on average, independent of the topography and climatic conditions. Variations in the thickness of the melting layer during and between precipitation events was shown to be strongly related to the presence of rimed particles, to the vertical velocity of hydrometeors and to the intensity of the bright band.
Paper No P12: Transparent Conductive Electrode Based on Hydrogen Doped Zinc Oxide for OLED Application
Authors: Chen Shuming , Wang Sisi
Published: September 2015

A transparent and conductive electrode based on hydrogen (H) doped ZnO has been proposed for active‐matrix (AM) display applications. With optimal H plasma power and treat time, the resultant ZnO:H exhibits a low sheet resistance of 200 ohm/sq at a thickness of 150 nm. The demonstrated transparent and conductive ZnO:H can serve as electrode for LCD or OLED as well as S/D electrode for ZnO TFT. With proposed ZnO:H electrode, two photomask steps can be reduced in the fabrication of ZnO TFT‐based AM backplanes.
Paper No P02: UV Penetration Depth in Hybrid‐Aligned Reverse Mode Liquid Crystal Cell
Authors: Yamaguchi Rumiko , Takatsu Tomoya , Inoue Koichi
Published: September 2015

We have prepared reverse mode liquid crystal cells with a hybrid alignment by using polymer stabilized effect. In a polymerization process, a UV penetration depth in the cell from a vertical aligned side is estimated about two times longer than that from a planer aligned side, which results in a change of polymer morphology. The UV irradiation from the planer side gives a higher contrast ratio by the planer aligned polymer rich layer.
Paper No P04: Assessment of Liquid Crystal Display Image Defects by Pixel Capacitance Measurement based on Electrical Model for Panel Design
Authors: Miyake Yasuhiro , Ota Atsuto , Nishimura Hidekazu
Published: September 2015

This article proposes the assessment of liquid crystal display (LCD) image defects based on electrical models which are also used for the design of liquid crystal (LC) cell panels. The effects of image defects on a LC pixel electrical model are analyzed, and the test method for assessing image defects using the electrical model is provided. Experimental results show the validity of the analysis and effectiveness of the proposed test method.
Paper No P09: Electrically Tunable Grating Using Holographic Polymer Templated Blue Phase Liquid Crystal
Authors: Chen Chao Ping , He Zhenghong , Li Yan , Su Yikai
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we demonstrate an alternative approach to fabricating an electrically tunable holographic polymer‐templated blue phase liquid crystal grating. This grating is obtained by preforming a polymer grating template, and then refilling it with the blue phase liquid crystal. Compared with conventional holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal gratings, its driving voltage can be reduced to 43 V, while maintaining sub‐millisecond response time.
Paper No P17: Highly Efficient Green Phosphorescent Top‐Emitting Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with IZO/Ag/IZO Reflective Electrode
Authors: Kim Jeonggi , Han Songi , Jang Jin
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we report that IZO/Ag/IZO multilayer could be used as reflective electrode for top emitting OLED. A further investigation on top emitting OLED with cohost EML demonstrates better charge injection and improve efficiency. The device showed a maximum current efficiency of 130 cd/A, a maximum power efficiency of 144 lm/W. Moreover, the efficiency roll off was small long‐lasting to 20,000 cd/m2 with current efficiencies of 111.8 cd/A at 10,000 cd/m2 and 102.6 cd/A at 20,000 cd/m2, respectively.
Paper No P18: Study of Interfacial Treatment on the Metal‐Oxide Electron Transport Layer in the InP Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim J. , Jang I. , Ippen C. , Kim Y. , Kim W. K. , Wedel A. , Park S. K. , Han C. J.
Published: September 2015

In this article, we describe the effect of ethanolamine (EA) surface treatment on the inverted InP quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) with inorganic metal oxide layers. The efficiency of the inverted QD‐LEDs was significantly enhanced by EA treatment and optimization of the ZnO annealing temperature.
Paper No P22: A Study on the Characteristics of IZO‐TFTs with High‐k HfSiOx Gate Insulator Annealed in Various Conditions
Authors: Lim Yoo Seong , Im Yong Jin , Ha Seung Soo , Park Chan Hee , Jang Min‐hyung , Choi Seung‐il , Park Ji‐in , Yi Moonsuk
Published: September 2015

In this work, we investigate the enhanced performance of IZO‐based TFTs with HfSiOx gate insulators. HfSiOx gate insulators, annealed at various conditions, are deposited by co‐sputtering of HfO2 and Si. The HfSiOx structural properties are investigated using AFM, XRD, and XPS techniques. Furthermore, the electrical characteristics are analyzed to investigate the effect of annealing conditions. We obtain optimal results for TFTs with HfSiOx gate insulators annealed for 1 h at 100°C, with a saturation mobility of 1.2 cm2/V·s, threshold voltage of 2.2 V, Ion/Ioff ratio of 2.0 × 106, and insulator surface roughness of 0.187 nm RMS.
Paper No P23: Effect on Electrical Performance TiOx Doped InZnO Thin‐Film Transistor (TFT)
Authors: Park Chanhee , Lim Yooseong , Ha Seungsoo , Im Yongjin , Jang Minhyung , Choi Seung‐il , Park Ji‐in , Yi Moonsuk
Published: September 2015

We investigated the electrical performance of TiOx‐IZO Thin‐Film Transistor (TFT) changing the target composition ratio of IZO, and Radio‐Frequency (RF) power of Titanium target. Titanium and IZO target were co‐sputtered by using RF magnetron co‐sputtering system. The samples were postannealed in the air, at 300°C for 1 h. When the formation of TiOx‐IZO rises in the film, it causes the oxygen vacancy in the film not to generate, and to suppress the carrier concentration.
Paper No P26: Design of Structured Surfaces and Anisotropic Materials for Display and Photonic Applications
Authors: Bezborodov V. , Zhylinski V. , Chernik A. , Bogomazova N. , Zharski I. , Smirnov A. , Stsiapanau A. , Lapanik V. , Mikhalyonok S.
Published: September 2015

In this article, we show how inorganic and organic structured surfaces, anisotropic materials can be prepared and used for display and photonic applications. The presented results demonstrate that the design of anisotropic materials, the electrochemical formation of structured surfaces, and their combination can provide desirable variations in the anisotropic material properties; in the parameters of structured surfaces for improved satisfaction of the requirements for using them as the components for display and photonic applications.
Paper No P28: Electric and Magnetic Fields in ORW Technology
Authors: Semina O. A. , Dubtsov A. V. , Shmeliova D. V. , Pasechnik S. V. , Chigrinov V. G.
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we present the results of investigation of electric (magnetic) fields action on the light induced changes of a surface orientation of a liquid crystal (LC) contacted with photoaligned surfaces. The application of the obtained results in optical rewritable (ORW) technology is considered.
Paper No S10.1: Emerging Materials and Processes for Quantum Dots based Display Technology (Invited Paper)
Authors: Zhong Haizheng
Published: September 2015

Quantum dots have size‐ and composition‐ tunable photoluminescence and can provide saturated colors for display technology. The use of QDs in display technology strongly relies on the materials science as well as process technique. Here I present some of emerging materials including pervoskite QDs, alloyed nanocrystals and their corresponding process techniques for display applications.
Paper No S10.3: Efficiency Enhancement of InP‐Based Inverted QD‐LEDs by Polyethylenimine‐Modified Al:ZnO Layer
Authors: Kim Yohan , Ippen Christian , Wedel Armin
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we report efficiency enhancement of indium phosphide (InP) quantum dot‐based light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) using polyethylenimine (PEI) surface modifier. Adapting solution processed PEI layer on top of the aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (Al:ZnO) nanoparticle (NP) layer, the leakage current of inverted device was suppressed and electron injection into conduction band of InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs also facilitated by interfacial dipoles of thin PEI layer. As a results, the current efficiency was dramatically increased from 0.07 cd/A to 2.84 cd/A.
Paper No S11.3: On the Value and Impact of a Display Measurement Standard
Authors: Miseli Joe
Published: September 2015

“Standards play an important role in everyday life. … They can specify performance of products…. They also can define terms so that there is no misunderstanding among those using the standard.”

When one wants to buy a display, they have many choices of displays. When they wish to use stated performance characteristics (specification or technical details listing) for the display, they are often filled with omissions, confusing, and sometimes misleading. The correct display measurement standard used properly could help overcome this problem. This paper presents the need for the adoption and adherence to display metrology standards, and uses inconsistencies of the specified characteristics of displays.
Paper No S11.4: High‐Accuracy Imaging Colorimeter
Authors: Wolf Martin , Neumeier Jürgen , Young Richard
Published: September 2015

We present a new approach to 2D‐imaging colorimetry yielding significantly improved measurement accuracy for virtually all sample sources [1]. This approach essentially combines two important innovations. The first is to use a camera equipped with six optical filters instead of the commonly used three or four channels. This clearly improves the fitting to the human eye's color matching function (CMF). However, simply extending the number of filters, i.e. the number of data acquisition channels will not necessarily improve the measurement accuracy. Here we present how the performance of a six filter CCD‐camera can be enhanced by the use of an advanced matrix optimization employing a set of 20 training sources. This combination guarantees a clearly better overall performance, which is especially advantageous when it comes to measuring typical LEDs.
Paper No S11.5: Colorimetric Evaluation of Directional Variations
Authors: Neumeier Jürgen , Becker Michael E.
Published: September 2015

We introduce an approach for measurement of the directional distribution of light scattered during reflection and transmission (i.e. scattering distribution function, SDF) which is based on evaluation of photometric and colorimetric images rather than on mechanical scanning or conventional conoscopic imaging. Planar and cylindrical samples are illuminated by either point light sources or by linear lamps and the lateral distributions of luminance and chromaticity resulting from scattering are recorded by an advanced imaging colorimeter. The SDFs can be used for evaluation of a range of appearance characteristics (e.g. gloss, sheen, luster, clarity, haze, etc.), their chromaticity components can be applied for characterization of media that change color with direction of illumination and observation.
Paper No S14.1: OLEDs and QLEDs (Invited Paper)
Authors: Kathirgamanathan (P. K. Nathan) Poopathy , Bushby Lisa M. , Kumaraverl Muttulingam , Ravichandran Seenivasagam , Surendrakumar Sivagnanasundram
Published: September 2015

The organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) technology is now maturing. The unique physics and chemistry of quantum dots (QDs) result in a wider color gamut and increased stability over organic dyes meaning they have significant potential over organics in light‐emitting devices. This article reviews the state of the art of OLEDs and quantum dot light emitting diode (QLEDs) followed by a comparison of devices fabricated with organic materials, in particular those of polymers, metal complexes (fluorescent and phosphorescent), and small molecules. Results of three devices: two red and one green are presented showing the excellent color coordinates that can be achieved from QD devices.
Paper No S14.4: Anisotropy in OLEDs
Authors: Callens Michiel , Yokoyama Daisuke , Neyts Kristiaan
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we discuss the effect of anisotropy on optical outcoupling in organic LEDs or OLEDs. We focus on different forms of anisotropy that can be found in OLEDs and the impact they can have on outcoupling efficiency. We discuss the emitter orientation and the anisotropy in the refractive indices of the electron transport layer, the hole transport layer and the emitting layer.
Paper No S15.2: Exploring Crosstalk Perception for Stereoscopic 3D Head‐Up Displays in a Crosstalk Simulator
Authors: Höckh S. , Frederiksen A. , Renault S. , Hopf K. , Gilowski M. , Schell M.
Published: September 2015

Envisioning a novel automotive stereoscopic 3D head‐up display (HUD), we present a setup to simulate crosstalk including a new software solution. It constitutes a platform to explore the effects of stereoscopic crosstalk in the augmented reality (AR) viewing conditions of a 3D HUD. By means of this simulator, we investigate the variation of the visibility and acceptability thresholds of crosstalk over various parameters including contrast.
Paper No S2.1: Cathodoluminescence Images and Spectra of Single Nanometer Sized Phosphor Crystals Excited in a Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (Invited Paper)
Authors: Silver J. , den Engelsen D. , Fern G. R. , Harris P. , Lipman A. , Ireland T. G.
Published: September 2015

In this article, cathodoluminescent images and spectra of a range of single nanometer‐sized phosphor crystals and quantum dots are presented to illustrate the power and potential of the technique as an aid to both characterize phosphor materials and assess their homogeneity.
Paper No S2.2: Ecofriendly Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diode With Inorganic Charge Transport Layer
Authors: Oh Min Suk , Han C. J. , Yoo B. , Lee J. , Kim H. Y. , Park Y. J. , Joo B. K. , Kim Y. , Wedel A.
Published: September 2015

Recently, the display technologies using colloidal quantum dot (QD) materials have become one of the most important technologies in the display industry. But, the organic charge transport layer for quantum dot‐light‐emitting diode (QD‐LED) can cause the device stability issues. In this article, we describe the QD‐LED devices with inorganic charge transport layer and the solution‐based oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT) using non‐thermal treatment. And we also show the active matrix driving using both technologies simultaneously.
Paper No S2.3: Uniform Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated by Transfer Mold Method
Authors: Nakamoto Masayuki , Moon Jonghyun
Published: September 2015

Highly uniform quantum dot light emitting diodes (QD LEDs) have been developed by using Transfer Mold method to realize highly efficient and bright displays. The brightness of Transfer Mold QD LEDs is as high as 633 times, being compared with those of QD LEDs by using a flat substrate. Transfer Mold QD LEDs have uniform Mold arrays, QDs in the Molds, and SiO2 layer patterned on the flat area having no Molds. The SiO2 layer blocks the leakage current between cathode and anode. Low leakage current due to QDs in the uniform Mold arrays with the patterned SiO2 layer, improves carrier‐injection efficiency. The QD LEDs by using a flat substrate, have non‐uniform QD's area due to the QD particle's aggregation, and have low brightness because of the high leakage current. The Transfer Mold QD LEDs can realize the highly efficient QD LEDs.
Paper No S3.2: Chiral Mesomorphic Compounds and Materials for Display Applications
Authors: Bezborodov V. , Lapanik V. , Sasnouski G. , Haase W.
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we describe the effect of the molecular structure of chiral anisotropic compounds and materials on their mesomorphic and physico chemical properties. Modifications of the molecules via cyclic and bridge fragments or via lateral substituents allowed the preparation and optimization of specific mixtures for different display applications. The formation of defect free layers in ferroelectric liquid crystals stable against various mechanical or temperature deformations was studied. A new electro‐optic effect based on chiral‐nematic mixtures for creating high‐speed devices with switching time less than 1 ms was developed.
Paper No S4.1: Inkjet Printing in Industrial Applications and Its Use in Display Manufacturing (Invited Paper)
Authors: Zapka Werner
Published: September 2015

Inkjet printing has grown from printing of graphic pattern or nonfunctional features into “printing beyond color.” Specifically, the increased knowledge and experience in producing nanoparticle inks has opened up new applications for industrial inkjet printing.
Paper No S4.2: Eighth Generation Linear Source for AMOLED Mass Production
Authors: Kim Sungmoon , Chi Daejoon , Seo Hyun , Jung Eunsang
Published: September 2015

In this article, we introduce our eighth generation organic linear source for mass production of white organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) TV panel (world first OLED TV that you can buy).
Paper No S5.3: Importance of Alignment Layers in Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Devices
Authors: Joshi Pankaj , Shang Xiaobing , De Smet Jelle , Cuypers Dieter , Van Steenberge Geert , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Dubruel Peter , De Smet Herbert
Published: September 2015

In this article, we present how alignment layers affect blue phase liquid crystals and how we can use this effect to our advantage.
Paper No S5.4: Polymer Stabilized Electrically Suppressed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal
Authors: Shi Liangyu , Ma Ying , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar , Chigrinov V. G. , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: September 2015

In this article, a polymer stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) is introduced. With the expose of UV light, the doped monomer formed a polymer network and thus stabilize the FLC working in electrically suppressed helix electric‐optical mode. Therefore, we are able to achieve a high contrast ratio, fast response and low driving voltage display.
Projection‐Displays: New Technologies, Challenges, and Applications (Invited Paper)
Authors: Candry Patrick , Maximus Bart
Published: September 2015

Color, light‐output, dynamic range, and 3D aspects of projection displays based on light‐emitting diodes, lasers, and new micro‐displays will be described, including the remarkable characteristics and the improving understanding of the human visual system.
Paper No S6.4: K2SiF6:Mn4+ as a Red Phosphor for Remote Phosphor LEDs
Authors: Sijbom Heleen F. , Van den Eeckhout Koen , Poelman Dirk , Smet Philippe F.
Published: September 2015

K2SiF6:Mn4+ is a promising red phosphor for the use in LEDs for general lighting and displays. Its narrow red emission and excellent thermal stability make it suitable for improved color rendering. The long millisecond‐range decay and saturation at high excitation power can be overcome by using a remote phosphor light emitting diode (LED) setup.
Technology modules from micro‐ and nano‐electronics for the life sciences
Authors: Birkholz M. , Mai A. , Wenger C. , Meliani C. , Scholz R.
Published: September 2015

The capabilities of modern semiconductor manufacturing offer remarkable possibilities to be applied in life science research as well as for its commercialization. In this review, the technology modules available in micro‐ and nano‐electronics are exemplarily presented for the case of 250 and 130 nm technology nodes. Preparation procedures and the different transistor types as available in complementary metal‐oxide‐silicon devices (CMOS) and BipolarCMOS (BiCMOS) technologies are introduced as key elements of comprehensive chip architectures. Techniques for circuit design and the elements of completely integrated bioelectronics systems are outlined. The possibility for life scientists to make use of these technology modules for their research and development projects via so‐called multi‐project wafer services is emphasized. Various examples from diverse fields such as (1) immobilization of biomolecules and cells on semiconductor surfaces, (2) biosensors operating by different principles such as affinity viscosimetry, impedance spectroscopy, and dielectrophoresis, (3) complete systems for human body implants and monitors for bioreactors, and (4) the combination of microelectronics with microfluidics either by chip‐in‐polymer integration as well as Si‐based microfluidics are demonstrated from joint developments with partners from biotechnology and medicine. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:355–377. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1367

This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Accelerated genome engineering through multiplexing
Authors: Bao Zehua , Cobb Ryan E. , Zhao Huimin
Published: September 2015

Throughout the biological sciences, the past 15 years have seen a push toward the analysis and engineering of biological systems at the organism level. Given the complexity of even the simplest organisms, though, to elicit a phenotype of interest often requires genotypic manipulation of several loci. By traditional means, sequential editing of genomic targets requires a significant investment of time and labor, as the desired editing event typically occurs at a very low frequency against an overwhelming unedited background. In recent years, the development of a suite of new techniques has greatly increased editing efficiency, opening up the possibility for multiple editing events to occur in parallel. Termed as multiplexed genome engineering, this approach to genome editing has greatly expanded the scope of possible genome manipulations in diverse hosts, ranging from bacteria to human cells. The enabling technologies for multiplexed genome engineering include oligonucleotide‐based and nuclease‐based methodologies, and their application has led to the great breadth of successful examples described in this review. While many technical challenges remain, there also exists a multiplicity of opportunities in this rapidly expanding field. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:5–21. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1319

This article is categorized under:

Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods
Reproductive Decision‐Making in MMR Mutation Carriers After Results Disclosure: Impact of Psychological Status in Childbearing Options
Authors: Duffour Jacqueline , Combes Audrey , Crapez Evelyne , Boissière‐Michot Florence , Bibeau Frédéric , Senesse Pierre , Ychou Marc , Courraud Julie , de Forges Hélène , Roca Lise
Published: September 2015

Reproductive techniques such as prenatal diagnosis (PND) or preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), although debated, are legally forbidden in France in case of Lynch syndrome. The preference of mutation carriers about their reproductive options is not systematically considered in France. We aimed to prospectively assess the reproductive preferences of mismatch repair mutation carriers consulting in our institution (2003–2010, n = 100). We also considered the short‐ and long‐term post‐disclosure psychological impact using the Impact of Events Scale‐Revised questionnaire to measure the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in those patients. Complete data were obtained for 34 respondents (17 males, 17 females, median age of 33.5 years [22–59]). Seventeen respondents (57 %) preferred spontaneous natural conception versus 28 % and 35 % choosing PND and PGD, respectively. At results disclosure, respondents mainly explained their distress by fear of premature death (43 %) and transmitting mutated genes (42 %). One year later, this last fear remained predominant in 55 % of subjects. None of the main socio‐demographical, psychological or medical variables (including fear of transmitting mutations) was significantly associated with the reproductive preferences. Results disclosure had a real and time‐decreasing psychological impact on mutation carriers. Reproductive techniques, expected to decrease the hereditary risk, were not significantly preferred to natural conception.
A multi-institutional study of the impact of open textbook adoption on the learning outcomes of post-secondary students
Authors: Fischer Lane , Hilton John , Robinson T. Jared , Wiley David A.
Published: September 2015

In some educational settings, the cost of textbooks approaches or even exceeds the cost of tuition. Given limited resources, it is important to better understand the impacts of free open educational resources (OER) on student outcomes. Utilizing digital resources such as OER can substantially reduce costs for students. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the adoption of no-cost open digital textbooks significantly predicted students’ completion of courses, class achievement, and enrollment intensity during and after semesters in which OER were used. This study utilized a quantitative quasi-experimental design with propensity-score matched groups to examine differences in outcomes between students that used OER and those who did not. The demographics of the initial sample of 16,727 included 4909 students in the treatment condition with a pool of 11,818 in the control condition. There were statistically significant differences between groups, with most favoring students utilizing OER.
Intrinsic Utility's Compositionality
Authors: WEIRICH PAUL
Published: September 2015

To compare the options in a decision problem, a common method evaluates for each option the world that would result if the option were realized. This paper argues that one evaluation of an option's world, intrinsic utility, is compositional given a division of an option's world according to the option's consequences and other events. The argument first justifies the norm that an ideal agent should be intrinsically indifferent between two options’ worlds given that she is intrinsically indifferent between the options’ consequences. Then it uses this norm and the existence of intrinsic utilities respecting intrinsic indifference to establish intrinsic utility's compositionality. The results regulate human agents when they approximate ideal agents in pertinent respects. The paper begins with a general explanation of compositionality; the related phenomena of interchangeability, complementarity, and independence; and the effect on compositionality of context and arrangement of a composite's parts. After arguing for intrinsic utility's compositionality, the paper explains its role in decision theory.
Hobbes's State of Nature: A Modern Bayesian Game-Theoretic Analysis
Authors: CHUNG HUN
Published: September 2015

Hobbes's own justification for the existence of governments relies on the assumption that without a government our lives in the state of nature would result in a state of war of every man against every man. Many contemporary scholars have tried to explain why universal war is unavoidable in Hobbes's state of nature by utilizing modern game theory. However, most game-theoretic models that have been presented so far do not accurately capture what Hobbes deems to be the primary cause of conflict in the state of nature—namely, uncertainty, rather than people's egoistic psychology. Therefore, I claim that any game-theoretic model that does not incorporate uncertainty into the picture is the wrong model. In this paper, I use Bayesian game theory to show how universal conflict can break out in the state of nature—even when the majority of the population would strictly prefer to cooperate and seek peace with other people—due to uncertainty about what type of person the other player is. Along the way, I show that the valuation of one's own life is one of the central mechanisms that drives Hobbes's pessimistic conclusion.
Tyrosine supplementation and hair coat pigmentation in puppies with black coats – A pilot study
Authors: Watson Adrian , Servet Eric , Hervera Marta , Biourge Vincent C.
Published: September 2015

The appearance of a red hue to the hair in black coated cats and dogs has previously been reported as a “red hair syndrome”. Such changes in hair colour are related to an alteration in the proportions of two types of pigments produced by melanocytes; black eumelanin and brown pheomelanin. In black cats, it has been demonstrated that higher levels of phenylalanine + tyrosine (Phe+Tyr) than those recommended for growth are required to support eumelanin synthesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if a similar observation could be made in dogs. Twelve black coated puppies (Black Labrador retrievers and Newfoundlands) were divided into 3 groups of 4 and fed 3 diets with increasing concentrations of Phe+Tyr (A: 4 g/Mcal; B: 5.8 g/Mcal; C: 7 g/Mcal) for a period of 6 months. Quantification of plasma amino acids (Phe, Tyr, Cys) and spectrocolourimetry of hair samples from the Labrador retrievers (as the a* dimension of CIE Lab system) were performed at the beginning, during and at the end of the study. There was a significant negative linear relationship between plasma Tyr levels and a* values of hair in Labrador dogs on diets A and B, suggesting that a diet with total Phe+Tyr content of 6 g/Mcal (higher than the growth recommended allowance) was necessary to ensure an optimal black coat colour in these puppies and that levels up to 7 g/Mcal can lead to a more intense black coat colour. Moreover, similar to what was found in kittens, plasma levels of Tyr up to 54 μmol/l did not guarantee an optimal black colour coat and led to the “reddish hair” appearance in black coated puppies.
Oral supplementations of betaine, choline, creatine and vitamin B6 and their influence on the development of homocysteinaemia in neonatal piglets
Authors: Côté-Robitaille Marie-Édith , Girard Christiane L. , Guay Frédéric , Matte J. Jacques
Published: September 2015

Homocysteine (Hcy) is an intermediary sulphur amino acid recognised for pro-oxidative properties in several species which may weaken immune competence in piglets. In this species, there is an acute 10-fold increase of concentrations of plasma Hcy (pHcy) during the first 2 weeks of life. The present experiment aimed to determine if pHcy in piglets can be regulated by oral supplementations of betaine as a methyl group supplier, creatine for reducing the demand for methyl groups, choline with both previous functions and vitamin B6 as enzymic co-factor for Hcy catabolism. A total of seventeen sows (second parity) were fed gestation and lactation diets supplemented with folic acid (10 mg/kg) and vitamin B12 (150 µg/kg). Eight piglets in each litter received daily one of the eight following oral treatments (mg/kg body weight): (1) control (saline); (2) betaine (50); (3) choline (70); (4) creatine (300); (5) pyridoxine (0·2); (6) treatments 2 and 5; (7) treatments 3 and 4; and (8) treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5. According to age, pHcy increased sharply from 2·48 µm at birth to 17·96 µm at 21 d of age (P < 0·01). Concentrations of pHcy tended to be lower (P = 0·09) in treated than in control piglets but the highest and sole pairwise significant decrease (23 %) was observed between treatments 1 and 8 (P = 0·03). Growth from birth to 21 d of age was not influenced by treatments (P > 0·70). Therefore, it appears possible to reduce pHcy concentrations in suckling piglets but a combination of all chosen nutrients is required.
Two new species ofKalligrammulaHandlirsch, 1919 (Insecta, Neuroptera, Kalligrammatidae) from the Jurassic of China and Kazakhstan
Authors: Liu Qing , Khramov Aleksandr V. , Zhang Haichun , Jarzembowski Edmund A.
Published: September 2015

Two new species ofKalligrammulaHandlirsch, 1919 (Insecta, Neuroptera, Kalligrammatidae) are described asK. latan. sp. andK. karatensisn. sp. based on two nearly complete hindwings respectively from the Middle–Upper Jurassic of Daohugou, China and the Upper Jurassic of Karatau, Kazakhstan.LimnogrammaRen, 2003 is considered to be a junior synonym ofKalligrammulabased on the hindwing venation. The distribution of kalligrammatid genera is discussed.