bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can the Environmental Protection Tax Promote the Improvement of Energy Efficiency? Evidence from Prefecture-Level City Data in China
Authors: Ning Yuxin , Duan Jifeng
Published: November 2024

The environmental protection tax (EPT) implemented in 2018 is a significant measure in China’s tax system reform, providing a valuable opportunity to encourage green development, promote resource conservation, and advance sustainable growth. This study, based on panel data from Chinese prefecture-level cities between 2006 and 2021, uses the 2018 EPT as a quasi-natural experiment and applies the difference-in-differences (DID) model to empirically examine the impact of the EPT on urban energy efficiency. The results show that the EPT effectively enhances urban energy efficiency. Strengthening environmental law enforcement and promoting technological innovation are identified as key pathways to improving energy efficiency. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the reform has a more significant impact on energy efficiency in southern cities compared to northern cities, and the effect is more pronounced in large cities than in smaller ones. This study enriches the existing literature on EPT and the application of institutional theory, providing empirical evidence for the effectiveness of the reform, highlighting the importance of enhancing local government environmental enforcement, and promoting technological innovation in improving energy efficiency. It offers valuable theoretical and practical guidance for policymakers, contributing to the low-carbon transition and the achievement of sustainable economic growth.
Revisiting the Role of Supply Chain Managerial Competence in Firm Logistics Performance: Do Experience and Education Matter?
Authors: Thai Vinh Van , Tran Dong Mai , Nguyen Lien Thi Ngoc , Nguyen Thao Kim , Nguyen Thanh-Thuy
Published: November 2024

This study aims to assess, through individual performance, the influence of supply chain managerial competency of logistics managers on company logistics performance, taking into account the moderating effects of education and work experience. Using an empirical survey of Vietnamese developing nation logistics companies, this study applied the PLS-SEM approach for data analysis including assessments of mediation and moderation. The sample comprised 272 valid replies from a structured survey aimed at managerial personnel. The findings demonstrate that the competencies of logistics managers substantially improve individual performance, hence mediating the favorable correlation between management competencies and organizational logistics performance. The results indicate that both education and experience enhance these linkages at both individual and organizational levels. This study advances the application of RBV theory by highlighting human capital as an essential, distinctive resource that, when augmented by education and experience, enhances organizational performance. Nevertheless, this study’s shortcomings encompass a concentration on the Vietnamese logistics sector, indicating the need for future research across various businesses and geographical settings. These observations highlight the necessity for specialized education and training programs to develop managerial competencies for enduring organizational effectiveness.
Rural Gentrification and Its Driving Forces Based on Social Network Analysis: A Case Study of Yilan, Taiwan
Authors: Chen Tzu-Ling , Chen Ting-Xuan , Lin Zih-Hong
Published: November 2024

Rural gentrification is a significant issue in rural sustainable development that can impact many aspects of rural areas, such as the transformation of the rural class structure and changes in the rural housing structure. This study is based on the concept of rural gentrification and uses Yuanshan Township in Yilan, Taiwan, to examine whether the study area faces rural gentrification. This research conducts questionnaire surveys and social network analysis to understand the characteristics and implications of rural gentrification. The results identify age, education, and residence duration as differentiating factors between original residents and gentrifiers. Additionally, factors influencing rural gentrification encompass distinct living environments, natural landscapes, diversity, historical aspects, prices, and recreational facilities, contributing to the choice of purchasing farmhouses in Yuanshan Township.
Theoretical Construction and Operational Mechanisms of Intrapreneurial Capabilities: An Exploratory Single-Case Study of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprise
Authors: Zhao Kun , Zhu Hua-Qiu , Sun Rui
Published: November 2024

This research systematically synthesizes findings from mainstream authoritative journals regarding intrapreneurial capability, and redefines the concept and dimensions of intrapreneurial capability from a process perspective, but also develops a theoretical framework for the operational mechanism of internal entrepreneurial capability, following the analytical approach of “resource support—generation process—operational results”. Empirical exploration is carried out by selecting typical cases. Findings indicate that intrapreneurial capability serves as the original driving force for achieving rapid growth in internal entrepreneurship. The generation of intrapreneurial capability undergoes a process of evolution from a single dimension to multiple dimensions, and the operational mechanism of intrapreneurial capability involves both main and auxiliary lines working in conjunction. This mechanism continuously promotes rapid iterative growth within enterprises. The contributions of this study are as follows: It redefines the concept of intrapreneurial capability from a process perspective, introducing three elements the concept encompasses—internal entrepreneurial context, comprehensive competence, and innovative output. Unlike previous academic considerations that focused on a single dimension of intrapreneurial capability, the multidimensional classification proposed in this study aids in comprehensively understanding the generation and innovation output processes of intrapreneurial capability. It also constructs a framework for the operational mechanism of intrapreneurial capability for the first time, which can comprehensively address the antecedents, outcomes, and interactions among different dimensions of internal entrepreneurial capability. Longitudinal case analysis provides reliable practical support for validating the conceptual connotations and operational mechanism framework proposed in this study. This study is beneficial for both domestic and international internal entrepreneurial enterprises, especially for startups to understand internal entrepreneurial capability from a holistic perspective, facilitating a swift transition from single-dimensional to multidimensional capability development and transformation, and providing a significant reference value for creating sustainable, internal, entrepreneurial performance.
The Impact of Digital Transformation on Excessive Financialization in the Real Economy
Authors: Jin Xuejun , Xie Qiyun
Published: November 2024

The development of the real economy is the cornerstone of sustainable social development. However, affected by the macroeconomic downturn and the profit-seeking nature of capital, the profit margins of real enterprises have been squeezed, resulting in an increase in hollowing out and excessive financialization of the real economy. Emerging technologies have revitalized the real economy, making digital transformation a critical strategy for enterprise growth. Based on data from non-financial listed companies in China’s A-share market from 2010 to 2023, this study explores how digital transformation mitigates over-financialization. The results indicate that advanced digital transformation can significantly curb excessive financialization of companies. First, it reduces governance costs and enhances information transparency, curbing management’s self-serving behavior and thereby inhibiting financialization. Second, it optimizes decision-making and improves investment efficiency. Further analysis reveals that these effects are more pronounced in early-growth companies, firms with limited investment opportunities, and those with low external visibility. This research provides a new perspective on the sustainable development of the real economy and helps more companies realize the opportunities brought about by digital technology.
Digitalization for a Sustainable Performance: Dual-Study Analysis of Digital Leadership, Circular Economy, and Technological Innovation
Authors: Khan Asfand Yar , Akhtar Maria , Khan Azmat Yar
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the impact of digital leadership on organizational performance using a mediating role of circular economy practices. Moreover, this research also examines the moderating role of technological innovation in the relationship between circular economy and organizational performance. This research is based on two independent studies in two different economy manufacturing sectors including textile and automobiles in East Southern China. In study 1, the data were collected from 282 respondents including employees and supervisors in textile manufacturing organizations from Henan, China. In study 2, the data were collected from 256 employees and supervisors from automobile manufacturing in Hefei, China. We employed a cross-sectional design in study 1 and a time-lag design in study 2 by using systematic random sampling techniques in both studies. The findings of study 1 indicate that digital leadership has a significant impact on circular economy practices and that circular economy practices have a positive impact on organization performance. The findings also indicate that circular economy practices significantly mediate the association between digital leadership and organizational performance. The findings of study 2 show that technological innovation positively moderates the relationship between circular economy practices and organizational performance and that as the influence of technological innovation increases, this relationship becomes stronger. This research also provides useful insights for scholars and policy makers to reform manufacturing processes to encourage circular economy practices.
Life-Cycle Environmental Impact Assessment and Analysis of Wheat Straw Fuel Ethanol E10
Authors: Ren Tong , Li Mengzhuo , Yang Jia , Wang De , Liu Yunyun , Wang Guanyue
Published: November 2024

With the rapid development of the automotive industry, China is facing increasing challenges related to energy security and air pollution; furthermore, the development of the fuel ethanol industry has become an important strategic concern for China. This paper aims to develop a life-cycle assessment (LCA) for sugarcane fuel ethanol, assess its environmental impact potential, and identify factors that contribute to the major impacts. The main influence pathway of bioethanol production was innovatively combined with LCA. Based on Simapro 9.1.1 software analysis, the production of fuel ethanol from wheat straw, and the use of E10 in gasoline, were systematically analyzed and evaluated, including the whole process from S1-wheat planting, S2-wheat straw transportation, and S3-ethanol conversion to S4-E10 final distribution and use. The results of the LCA analysis indicate significant variations in the contribution of each link to the environmental impact. The standard value of the environmental impact in the overall production process of fuel ethanol E10 is primarily attributed to photochemical smog potential and eutrophication potential, while global warming potential (GWP) has a minimal impact on the environment in this process. The sensitivity analysis of the two stages of the wheat straw fuel ethanol E10 system reveals that a 10% reduction in the nitrogen fertilizer rate leads to a 448% decrease in human toxicity potential (HTP). Additionally, changes in nitrogen fertilizer-use have a minimal effect on photochemical smog potential (POCP), and a 0.37% reduction in the ozone layer depletion potential is observed, with a 10% decrease in nitrogen fertilizer-use. Furthermore, a 10% change in cellulase content results in a 22.20% variation in the GWP value and a 5.37% variation in the HTP value. This paper demonstrates significant guidance for promoting low-carbon, green, sustainable development of fuel ethanol.
Investigating the Impact of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Food Literacy on Green Food Purchasing Intentions Among Chinese Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y
Authors: Sui Dangchen , He Jiaxin , Liu Ke , Lv Xinyan
Published: November 2024

In the context of escalating environmental concerns and the imperative for sustainable consumption, this study meticulously examines the variations in food literacy and the propensity to purchase green food among Chinese consumers across three generational cohorts: baby boomers, generation X, and generation Y. Utilizing the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a conceptual framework, and employing SPSS and structural equation modeling (SEM) for rigorous data analysis, the research elucidates the influence of generational attributes on green food consumption patterns. The study’s importance is marked by its unique contributions: it identifies intergenerational discrepancies in food literacy and furnishes empirical support for the enhancement of green food literacy across all consumer demographics. Furthermore, the research constructs an innovative model of food literacy that integrates generational traits, establishing a theoretical scaffold for advancing consumers’ green food literacy. This comprehensive model synthesizes the determinants of generational variations, food literacy, and the intention to consume green food. Findings from a demographically stratified sample of 720 participants, with equal representation from each cohort and gender (240 participants per cohort), highlight the distinct profiles in food literacy and green food purchasing intentions. These findings are instrumental for stakeholders in formulating nuanced strategies that promote sustainable consumption practices, tailored to the specific characteristics of each generational group within the Chinese market.
Impact of Soil Biological Crusts on the Sustainability of Arid Ecosystems in Central-Western Argentina: Their Influence on Nutrient Dynamics and Soil Properties
Authors: Navas Romero Ana L. , Herrera Moratta Mario A. , Fernández-Maldonado Viviana , Martínez Carretero Eduardo , Mazza German , Rodriguez Rosa
Published: November 2024

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are common in arid and semi-arid regions, found in vegetation patches and interpatches. However, their distribution, functionality, and composition studies are limited, especially in South America and Argentina. This study assessed the functional differences in BSCs between patches and interpatches focusing on their role as fertility islands. Sixty plots were analyzed at two sites, measuring the soil’s composition, diversity, and physical and chemical properties, including stability, compaction, temperature, moisture, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, electrical conductivity, and pH. The results showed similar BSC coverage in patches and interpatches but with compositional variations: mosses dominated patches, while cyanobacteria and lichens were more common in interpatches. BSCs enhance soil stability, moisture retention, nitrogen fixation, and phosphorus availability, which are essential for soil health and ecosystem functionality. The observed variations across microenvironments are crucial for sustainability. Understanding these dynamics is vital for managing arid ecosystems, as healthy BSCs mitigate erosion, improve nutrient cycling, and enhance resilience to climate change. Preserving and managing BSCs composition and distribution are essential for the sustainability of these ecosystems in the region.
Air Cargo Handling System Assessment Model: A Hybrid Approach Based on Reliability Theory and Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Ryczyński Jacek , Kierzkowski Artur , Jodejko-Pietruczuk Anna
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: This paper presents the results of a study on developing a hybrid evaluation model for air cargo handling systems, combining fuzzy logic and reliability theory. (2) Methods: The research methodology consisted of two stages: the first used reliability analysis to calculate the performance of individual processes in the cargo handling system. In contrast, the second used fuzzy logic to integrate these metrics and generate an overall system evaluation. Statistical metrics, including mean and standard deviation, were used to construct adaptable membership functions for the fuzzy logic model. (3) Results: 27 test scenarios were built, in which the impact of individual compositions of operator teams (depending on their experience) implementing individual air cargo handling processes on the final assessment of the entire system was examined. Configurations with experienced operators consistently achieved the highest performance evaluations, although the strategic integration of less experienced personnel in noncritical roles was shown to maintain system functionality. (4) Conclusions: The results confirm that the proposed model is a practical decision-support tool for air cargo terminal management. It enables precise process evaluation, supports resource optimization and increases air cargo operations’ overall reliability and efficiency.
Enhancing Social Innovation Through Design Thinking, Challenge-Based Learning, and Collaboration in University Students
Authors: Villanueva-Paredes Grace Ximena , Juarez-Alvarez Camila Rosario , Cuya-Zevallos Carla , Mamani-Machaca Elizabeth Susan , Esquicha-Tejada Jose David
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive social development requires the coordinated cooperation of various actors in society. The university, as a transformative institution of knowledge, must integrate strategies that contribute to well-being. In Latin American universities, gaps still persist in the implementation of programs that foster entrepreneurship and social innovation, as well as in the adoption of active learning methodologies. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the importance of participating in innovation programs and collaborating with external entities to achieve a positive impact on society. The proposed methodology is based on collaborative learning strategies, collaboration with actors, design thinking, and challenge-based learning focused on social issues. A feedback survey was applied to the students to measure their opinion on the program, soft skills, and social commitment; these data were analyzed through the Jamovi 2.3 program. The results indicated an 80% satisfaction rate. This experience could serve as a precedent for the implementation of similar programs. Furthermore, the students involved in the study demonstrated a strong willingness to continue participating in innovation initiatives aimed at addressing social challenges, contributing significantly to the social dimension of sustainability.
Study on Spatial Differentiation of Digital Economy and It’s Driving Factors in China: Based on Geodetector
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Ding Renzhong , Yang Wei
Published: November 2024

The imbalance in the development of the digital economy hinders the effective formation of economies of scale and synergies, thereby constraining the high-quality growth of China’s overall economy. This study employs panel data from 31 Chinese provinces spanning 2013 to 2021, using exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and the Geodetector to investigate the spatial differentiation characteristics and driving factors of China’s digital economy. The findings reveal a gradient pattern of digital economy development, decreasing from east to central, west, and northeast China, with high-value clusters concentrated and spatially locked in the eastern region. Analysis of the gravity center and standard deviation ellipse indicates a spatial distribution dynamic of “longitudinal clustering and lateral expansion”, with a significant “westward migration” of the gravity center. Spatial disparities are driven by both inter-regional and intra-regional differences, with discrepancies between the eastern region and the other three regions being the primary source of spatial variation. The Geodetector analysis identifies human capital, foreign direct investment, and R&D expenditure as the main factors contributing to the spatial-temporal differentiation of China’s digital economy. Last, the study offers policy recommendations regarding infrastructure, resource allocation, and institutional mechanisms to promote balanced development of the digital economy in China.
Human Capital Assessment in Indigenous Regions to Enable Sustainable Futures
Authors: Sharakhmatova Victoria N. , Mikhailova Elena G.
Published: November 2024

This study is dedicated to the economic valuation of human capital (HC) in the regions where the Indigenous peoples of Kamchatka reside. The entire Kamchatksky Krai is considered an Indigenous people’s ancestral territory. However, in this study, only municipalities whose population is more than one-third Indigenous were chosen for the assessment. This includes six municipal districts and one urban district (Aleytsky, Bystrinsky, Karaginsky, Olyutorsky, Penzhinsky, and Tigilsky municipal districts and Palana urban district). The study employs statistical analysis and integrated, situational approaches: the investment approach was deemed the most appropriate tool for the economic assessment of HC in Indigenous territories. The document analysis was based on a content analysis of open-access government documents and included legal acts, resolutions, orders, and other documents issued by federal, regional, and local authorities pertaining to the economic activities of Kamchatka Indigenous peoples. Based on the proposed calculation algorithm, the assessed combined monetized value of HC for the Kamchatka territories with large Indigenous populations was RUB 38.8 billion (approximately USD 520 million) in 2021. The growth of HC in the Indigenous areas of Kamchatka was observed between the years 2017 and 2021. The mean regional value of HC per capita increased more than twofold during this period. The accurate and precise assessment of HC in the Kamchatka Indigenous homelands provides baseline information necessary for economic and sustainable policy decision-making, and the approach proposed in this paper can be applied to Indigenous communities worldwide.
A Methodology to Address the Inner Areas Decline in Support of Sustainable Strategic Spatial Planning—The Case Study of Avellino Province (Italy)
Authors: Marra Alessandra , Grimaldi Michele
Published: November 2024

The work concerns the fight against the decline and depopulation in the Inner Peripheries (IPs), a phenomenon taking place globally and throughout Europe, where it has reached an alarming dimension, causing regional disparities that threaten the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. In Italy, where the term Inner Areas (IAs) is used as a synonym, more than half of the municipalities have the typical problems of IPs. As the latter have a supramunicipal nature, provincial strategic spatial planning is considered adequate to counter these critical issues, assuring a balanced and sustainable development in the social, economic, and environmental domains. To this end, after the state-of-the-art review, this paper proposes a methodology for the construction and mapping of a Decline Index, useful for spatially identifying the most critical municipalities which provide priority strategies to counteract decline through the Provincial Territorial Coordination Plan. The method is based on a multicriteria analysis approach in which Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is integrated and applied to the case study of the Avellino Province in the Campania Region (Italy), which contains many municipalities belonging to IAs. The proposed method is also useful in supporting regional planning and programming for territorial cohesion and sustainable regional growth.
Incident Analysis in Micromobility Spaces at Metro Stations: A Case Study in Valparaíso, Chile
Authors: Seriani Sebastian , Aprigliano Vicente , Toro Catalina , Rojas Gonzalo , Gonzalez Felipe , Peña Alvaro , Achuthan Kamalasudhan
Published: November 2024

This study analyzes passenger incidents in metro stations and their relationship with safety in Valparaiso, Chile. The primary aim is to examine how factors such as station design, passenger flow, and weather conditions influence the frequency and types of incidents in various micromobility spaces within metro stations. A comprehensive data analysis was conducted using records from the Valparaiso Metro between 2022 and 2023. During this period, approximately 500 incidents were documented, providing a substantial dataset for identifying incident patterns and correlations with contributing factors. The analysis revealed that incidents are significantly influenced by peak-hour conditions and weekdays. The platform–train interface emerged as the most complex space for incident occurrences. Specifically, the study found that crowded conditions inside trains during morning and evening rush hours contribute substantially to incidents. In other station spaces, incidents were closely linked to the station type and the presence of stair access. Conversely, stations designed with more accessible features appeared to have fewer incidents. Future studies will expand on this framework by incorporating additional factors and analyzing new data to develop a more comprehensive understanding of incident dynamics.
Indirect Detection of Degradation-Resistant Compounds on Groundwaters Forward-Facing to Current Global Consumerism and Climate Change
Authors: Mariano Norzagaray Campos , Saul López Rocha , Patricia Muñoz Sevilla , Jorge Montiel Montoya , Omar Llanes Cárdenas , Ladrón de Guevara Torres María de los Ángeles , Serrano García Luz Arcelia
Published: November 2024

This study addresses the environmental challenges posed by consumerism, evaluating the impact of Degradation-Resistant Organic Compounds (DROCs), such as fats and oils, on surface environments, the subsurface, groundwater, and aquifers. Climate variability has intensified the dispersion of these compounds, particularly in open landfills and poorly managed sites, making it urgent to identify affected areas to plan remediation efforts and mitigate their effects on ecosystems and human health. The objective was to analyze the dispersion of DROCs in an abandoned landfill in northwestern Mexico and develop strategies to characterize the decomposition stages of these compounds. In 2021 and 2022, a two-dimensional geoelectric tomography (GT) was conducted using a SARIS-Scintrex resistivimeter, recording variations in the apparent resistivity of subsoil. Using resistivity measures, the progressive and regressive numerical interpolation of Newton for finite differences, combined with the Lévy-type diffusion operator, classified the invasion areas into three principal ranges: high (recent invasions), intermediate (transition phase), and low (mature invasions).. These ranges indicated how pollutants migrate from the surface to the saturated zones of the aquifer. To validate the presence of fats and oils, a 24-m-deep well was drilled, revealing a positive correlation (R2 = 0.863) between the areas covered by the tomograms and the detected contaminants. The results emphasize the need for improved waste management and the careful selection of disposal sites to reduce environmental degradation. The methodology proved effective and rapid, facilitating remediation planning and highlighting the importance of sustainable practices in final disposal to mitigate the impacts of DROCs, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and protect public and environmental health.
Spatio-Temporal Separating Analysis of NDVI Evolution and Driving Factors: A Case Study in Nanchang, China
Authors: Li Jiatong , Wu Hua , Zhu Jiaqi , Xu Yue , Guo Qiyun , Li Huishan , Xie Xue , Liu Sihang
Published: November 2024

Investigating vegetation coverage and quantifying environmental changes offer critical insights for ecological protection, resource management, and policymaking. This study explores the spatial and temporal separation of evolutionary characteristics and driving factors of the NDVI in Nanchang City from 2000 to 2022, using methods such as the Hurst Exponent, the ReliefF feature selection algorithm, and geographical detectors. The results show the following observations: (1) Temporal analysis: the average NDVI in Nanchang City was 0.453, showing an overall upward trend, although the rate of increase gradually slowed over time. (2) Spatial analysis: vegetation in Nanchang City exhibited a pattern of sustained reverse development, with notable trends of “improvement around rivers and lakes” and “large-scale degradation of urban land”. (3) Feature selection: among the three algorithms tested, ReliefF proved most effective in analyzing temporal drivers of NDVI changes. Human factors were identified as the dominant drivers of NDVI variation, while meteorological factors were less significant. (4) Geographical driver analysis: The geographical detectors revealed that population density, nighttime lights, and land cover types were the primary drivers of vegetation change. Regions with a negative correlation between NDVI and human factors are mainly centered in the central area of Nanchang City and Jinxian County, whereas positive correlations were observed around rivers and lakes. This study delves into the changing patterns of vegetation cover in Nanchang City, offering scientific insights to guide the protection and management of the regional ecological environment, thereby promoting sustainable development.
Assessing the Role of Electricity Sharing in Meeting the Prerequisites for Receiving Renewable Support in Latvia
Authors: Petrichenko Lubova , Mutule Anna , Zalitis Ivars , Lazdins Roberts , Kozadajevs Jevgenijs , Mihaila Darja
Published: November 2024

Active customers play a critical role in the successful implementation of support schemes, paving the way for the emergence of an energy community. This analysis explores the cooperation among active customers and the implications for developing energy communities. Furthermore, the motivations for consumers becoming active customers in the context of Latvia are illuminated, while also exploring the broader context of navigating the complex regulatory landscape to promote self-consumption. In contrast to prior studies, which often focus on individual or homogenous group participation, this analysis uniquely examines collaborative frameworks that incorporate varied customer categories and profiles. This approach not only underscores the role of tailored regulatory structures in fostering self-consumption, but also presents practical policy insights for incentivizing community-based energy models. The findings reveal that individual participation of active customers in support schemes only achieves the minimal self-consumption threshold in 47% of cases. In contrast, membership in an energy community significantly increases this rate, reaching 84%. These encouraging results underscore the importance of promoting energy community membership among active customers, which subsequently demonstrates substantial potential when promoted across diverse load profile categories. Additionally, the integration of photovoltaic and wind turbine technologies consistently improves self-consumption values.
Parameter Identification of Synchronous Condenser and Its Excitation System Considering Multivariate Coupling and Symmetry Characteristic
Authors: Cao Yongji , Song Yuman , Liu Xiaoming , Li Changgang
Published: November 2024

The multivariate coupling and symmetry characteristic of a synchronous condenser and its excitation system (SCES) poses a challenge for parameter identification. This paper proposes a parameter identification approach for the SCES considering multivariate coupling and symmetry characteristics. The key parameters of the synchronous condenser under different time scales are selected. Then, the sensitivity analysis method is utilized to classify the parameters and establish the sets of coupling variables. In addition, the response mechanism and characteristics of the SCES under steady-state, sub-transient, and transient conditions are analyzed, based on which the parameter identification models are established separately. Moreover, the measurement data noise is processed by the wavelet threshold denoising method. According to the coupling variable sets, an improved snake optimization method based on Tent chaotic mapping is adopted for a solution. A case study is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results show that the proposed approach is able to improve the identification precisely and reduce the mode response error.
Sensitive Aflatoxin M1 Detection in Milk by ELISA: Investigation of Different Assay Configurations
Authors: Kourti Dimitra , Angelopoulou Michailia , Petrou Panagiota , Kakabakos Sotirios
Published: November 2024

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) exposure through dairy products is associated with adverse health effects, including hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Therefore, the AFM1 presence in milk and dairy products is strictly regulated. In this context, the current work focuses on the investigation of different competitive enzyme immunoassay configurations for the determination of AFM1 in milk with high sensitivity and short assay duration. Amongst the configurations tested, the one based on incubation of the anti-AFM1 specific antibody along with the calibrators/samples and a biotinylated conjugate of AFM1 with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in microwells coated with a secondary antibody provided a six-fold lower detection limit than the configuration involving immobilized AFM1-BSA conjugate and liquid phase antibody. The detection limit achieved was 5.0 pg/mL, with a dynamic range of up to 2.0 ng/mL. The assay was repeatable with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variations lower than 3.2% and 6.5%, respectively, and accurate with recovery values from 87.5 to 108%. Moreover, the assay was completed in 1.5 h. The excellent analytical characteristics and short analysis time make the proposed assay suitable for use by the food industry. Furthermore, the proposed configuration could be employed to enhance the detection sensitivity of competitive immunoassays for other low-molecular-weight analytes.
A Multi-Enzyme Complex That Mitigates Hepatotoxicity, Improves Egg Production and Quality, and Enhances Gut and Liver Health in Laying Hens Exposed to Trace Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Chen Rui , Ma Xin , Wu Wenzi , Huang Qixin , Ye Wenxin , Wu Chulong , Yao Bin , Xu Jianhong , Qian Lichun
Published: November 2024

Aflatoxin B1 is a prevalent secondary hazardous metabolite generated by fungus present in feed ingredients and the surrounding environment: enzymes are currently being recognized as an efficient and promising approach to reducing the associated risks. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of varying doses of enzyme complexes on several parameters in laying hens that were exposed to aflatoxin. During an 8-week experiment, a total of 288 Yukou Jingfen No.6 laying hens were placed into four groups. These groups included a group treated with toxins (CON group) and groups supplemented with compound enzyme complexes at doses of 250 g/t (E1 group), 500 g/t (E2 group), and 1000 g/t (E3 group). The E2 and E3 groups exhibited a statistically significant 2.6% increase in egg production rate compared to the CON group (p < 0.05). In addition, the E2 group showed significant improvements in both the feed-to-egg ratio and egg weight (p < 0.05). In addition, the E2 and E3 groups showed improved hutch unit and egg white height compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The E2 and E3 groups showed a substantial rise in liver health indicators, namely serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. On the other hand, malondialdehyde (MDA) was lowered, and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were raised. These findings were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The E2 and E3 groups showed notable enhancements in intestinal morphology, as evidenced by a rise in villus height and a decrease in crypt depth in all segments of the intestine (p < 0.05). Furthermore, analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that these participants had a higher prevalence and variety of microorganisms in their gut microbiota. More precisely, there was a significant rise in the abundance of Bacteroidota and a decline in Firmicutes at the level of the phylum. In general, the inclusion of the enzyme complex had advantageous impacts on performance, egg quality, intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier function, and intestinal flora in laying hens. Our results indicate that toxin-degrading enzymes, when used as feed additives, play a significant role in mitigating AFB1 contamination in diets and improving the production performance of laying hens.
Virulence and Replicative Fitness of HIV-1 Transmitted/Founder (T/F) Viruses Harbouring Drug Resistance-Associated Mutation
Authors: Sonawane Aanand , Selvam Deepak , Yue Ling , Nesakumar Manohar , Vivekanandan Sandhya , Ashokkumar Manickam , Hunter Eric , Hanna Luke Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

The biological characteristics of early transmitted/founder (T/F) variants are crucial factors for viral transmission and constitute key determinants for the development of better therapeutics and vaccine strategies. The present study aimed to generate T/F viruses and to characterize their biological properties. For this purpose, we constructed 18 full-length infectious molecular clones (IMCs) of HIV from recently infected infants. All the clones were characterized genotypically through whole genome sequencing and phenotypically for infectivity, replication kinetics, co-receptor usage, as well as their susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies and entry inhibitors using standard virological assays. Genotypic analysis revealed that all the T/F clones were of non-recombinant subtype C, but some of them harboured the Y181C drug resistance mutation associated with resistance to the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) class of antiretroviral drugs. In vitro studies showed that while all the IMCs were capable of replicating in PBMCs and utilized the CCR5 co-receptor for cellular entry, the drug-resistant variants had significantly lower replicative capacity and per particle infectivity than the drug-sensitive viruses. Both exhibited similar sensitivities to a standard panel of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and viral entry inhibitors. These findings suggest that despite their diminished replicative fitness, the drug-resistant T/F variants retain transmission fitness and remain susceptible to neutralizing antibody-based interventions and viral entry inhibitors.
Construction of a Macrophage-Tropic Subtype C HIV-1-mGreenLantern Reporter Virus for Studies on HIV-1 Replication and the Impact of Methamphetamine
Authors: Mofed Dina , Mandarino Angelo , Wu Xuhong , Lang Yuekun , Gowripalan Anjali , Kalpana Ganjam V. , Prasad Vinayaka R.
Published: November 2024

HIV-1 subtype C viruses are responsible for 50% of global HIV burden. However, nearly all currently available reporter viruses widely used in HIV research are based on subtype B. We constructed and characterized a replication-competent HIV-1 subtype C reporter virus expressing mGreenLantern. mGreenLantern sequences were inserted in-frame with Nef ATG in HIV-1IndieC1. As controls, we employed HIV-1IndieC1, HIV-1ADA, and HIV-1NLAD8-GFP-Nef viruses. HIV-1IndieC1-mGreenLantern (HIV-1IndieC1-mGL) exhibited characteristics of the parental HIV-1IndieC1 virus, including its infectivity in TZMbl reporter cells and replication competence in macrophages. To further characterize HIV-1IndieC1-mGL virus, we tested its responsiveness to CCL2 levels, a characteristic feature of subtype B HIV-1 that is missing in subtype C. CCL2 immunodepletion inhibited the production of HIV-1ADA and HIV-1NLAD8-GFP-Nef as expected, but not that of HIV-1IndieC1-mGL, as previously reported. We also tested the effect of methamphetamine, as its effect is mediated by NF-kB and since subtype C viruses carry an additional copy of NF-kB. We found that methamphetamine increased the replication of all viruses tested in macrophages; however, its effect was much more robust for HIV-1IndieC1 and HIV-1IndieC1-mGL. Our studies established that HIV-1IndieC1-mGL retains all the characteristics of the parental HIV-1IndieC1 and can be a useful tool for HIV-1 subtype C investigations.
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Uganda in the Era of COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Bbosa Nicholas , Kiiza Ronald , Ssekagiri Alfred , Namagembe Hamidah Suubi , Nabirye Stella Esther , Kabuuka Danstan , Rwankindo Cleophous , Kisakye Annet , Woldemariam Yonas T. , Kusemererwa Sylvia , Ongaria Terry A. , Kakande Ayoub , Abaasa Andrew , Kimbugwe Geofrey , Bosa Henry Kyobe , Driwale Alfred , Mwenda Jason M. , Worwui Archibald K. , Humphreys James , Cohuet Sandra , Elliott Alison M. , Ruzagira Eugene , Kaleebu Pontiano , Ssemwanga Deogratius
Published: November 2024

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has heightened concerns about vaccine efficacy, posing challenges in controlling the spread of COVID-19. As part of the COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness and Variants (COVVAR) study in Uganda, this study aimed to genotype and characterize SARS-CoV-2 variants in patients with COVID-19-like symptoms who tested positive on a real-time PCR. Amplicon deep sequencing was performed on 163 oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs collected from symptomatic patients. Genome assembly, lineage classification and phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Edge Bioinformatics pipeline version 2.4.0, Pangolin version 4.3.1 and iqtree version 2.3.6 software respectively. Of the 163 deep sequences analyzed between April 2023 and March 2024, the most common were XBB.1 lineages and sublineages (113, 69.3%), followed by JN.1* (12, 7.4%), XBB.2* (11, 6.7%) and FL* (11, 6.7%), EG* (7, 4.3%), others (BQ.1.1, FY.4.1, FY.4.1.2, GY.2.1, HK.27.1) (5, 3.1%) and CM* (4, 2.5%). XBB.1* dominated from April to July 2023; thereafter, other variants, including JN.1* were increasingly detected. There was no statistically significant association between vaccine status and lineage assignment (Fisher’s exact test, p-value = 0.994). Our findings showed that the Omicron variant, specifically the XBB.1* lineage, was the dominant circulating virus. However, the emergence of the JN.1 variant that exhibits a significant spike protein mutation profile could impact COVID-19 transmission in Uganda.
Investigation of RNA Viruses in Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in a Mining Complex in the Southeastern Region of the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Silva Sâmia Luzia Sena da , Silva Sandro Patroca da , Aragão Carine Fortes , Gorayeb Inocêncio de Sousa , Cruz Ana Cecília Ribeiro , Dias Daniel Damous , Nascimento Bruna Laís Sena do , Chiang Jannifer Oliveira , Casseb Lívia Medeiros Neves , Nunes Neto Joaquim Pinto , Martins Lívia Carício , Vasconcelos Pedro Fernando da Costa
Published: November 2024

The biting midges Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is highly relevant to epidemiology and public health, as it includes species that are potential vectors of human and animal arboviruses. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of RNA viruses in species of the genus Culicoides collected in the Carajás mining complex in the state of Pará. The biting midges were collected in the municipalities of Canaã dos Carajás, Curionópolis and Marabá and morphologically identified. A total of 1139 specimens of seven Culicoides species were grouped into eight pools and subjected to metagenomic analysis. Eight new insect-specific viruses (ISVs) were characterized and assigned to the order Tolivirales, the families Chuviridae, Nodaviridae, Iflaviridae, Mesoniviridae, and Flaviviridae, and the taxon Negevirus. All viruses identified were assigned to clades, families and taxa never reported in Culicoides in Brazil. This study demonstrated that biting midges harbor a significant diversity of RNA viruses, many of which are still unknown, highlighting the importance of studies aiming at virome of these insects.
Movements and Home Ranges of an Endangered Freshwater Fish, Pseudobagrus brevicorpus, and the Impact of River Management
Authors: Yoo Jeongwoo , Kim Keunsik , Kwon Kwanik , Park Changdeuk , Park Jongsung , Kang Dongwon , Kim Jeonghui , Yoon Juduk
Published: November 2024

An ecological understanding of threatened species provides the basis for their protection and recovery. This information must be used to analyze threats in order to propose conservation strategies for target species. River management projects, such as the construction of dikes, revetments, and dredging, are often undertaken to prevent flooding, and these activities affect fish communities and population dynamics. The critically endangered Pseudobagrus brevicorpus is highly vulnerable, but the causes of its decline are poorly understood. In this study, we assess the movements and habitat selection of P. brevicorpus to better understand its ecological characteristics and analyse the causes of its decline. We used radio telemetry to track the movements of the species and compared the effects of river-maintenance projects with data from a long-term study of the distribution of this endangered species. Total movements and home ranges were quite limited, with an average total distance traveled of 107.58 ± 66.01 m over an approximately 8-week monitoring period. The average MCP (minimum convex polygon) was 341.91 ± 776.35 m2, the KDE (kernel density estimation) 50 was 76.01 ± 30.98 m2, and the KDE 95 was 144.41 ± 58.86 m2. The species is nocturnal, and during the day, individuals primarily hide among rocks and aquatic roots. The movement and habitat selection of P. brevicorpus indicated that the species could be directly or indirectly affected by river management. Acute population declines have been anticipated due to a lack of avoidance during management, and post-management habitat loss appears to have contributed to long-term population declines. Therefore, a strategic approach that considers ecological consequences is urgently needed to prevent the extinction of this species.
Study on Motion Response Prediction of Offshore Platform Based on Multi-Sea State Samples and EMD Algorithm
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Diao Feng , Yao Wen , Likeufack Mdemaya Franck Aurel , Xu Gang
Published: November 2024

The complexity of offshore operations demands that offshore platforms withstand the variability and uncertainty of marine environments. Consequently, analyses of platform motion responses must extend beyond single sea state conditions. This study employs the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFDs) software STAR-CCM+ for data acquisition and investigates platform motion from two perspectives: adaptability analysis to different wave directions and adaptability analysis to varying significant wave heights. The aim is to develop a model capable of predicting offshore platform motion responses across multiple sea state conditions. The results demonstrate that integrating the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm with residual convolutional neural networks (ResCNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks effectively resolves the challenge of insufficient prediction accuracy under diverse maritime conditions. Following EMD incorporation, the model’s performance within the predictive range was significantly enhanced, with the coefficient of determination (R2) consistently exceeding 0.5, indicating a high degree of model fit to the data. Concurrently, the mean squared error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) metrics exhibited commendable performance, further substantiating the model’s precision and reliability. This methodology introduces an innovative approach for forecasting the dynamic responses of offshore structures, providing a more rigorous and accurate foundation for maritime operational decisions. Ultimately, the research enhances the safety and productivity of offshore activities.