bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decomposing motion that changes over time into task-relevant and task-irrelevant components in a data-driven manner: application to motor adaptation in whole-body movements
Authors: Furuki Daisuke , Takiyama Ken
Published: May 2019

Motor variability is inevitable in human body movements and has been addressed from various perspectives in motor neuroscience and biomechanics: it may originate from variability in neural activities, or it may reflect a large number of degrees of freedom inherent in our body movements. How to evaluate motor variability is thus a fundamental question. Previous methods have quantified (at least) two striking features of motor variability: smaller variability in the task-relevant dimension than in the task-irrelevant dimension and a low-dimensional structure often referred to as synergy or principal components. However, the previous methods cannot be used to quantify these features simultaneously and are applicable only under certain limited conditions (e.g., one method does not consider how the motion changes over time, and another does not consider how each motion is relevant to performance). Here, we propose a flexible and straightforward machine learning technique for quantifying task-relevant variability, task-irrelevant variability, and the relevance of each principal component to task performance while considering how the motion changes over time and its relevance to task performance in a data-driven manner. Our method reveals the following novel property: in motor adaptation, the modulation of these different aspects of motor variability differs depending on the perturbation schedule.
Human adipose stromal-vascular fraction self-organizes to form vascularized adipose tissue in 3D cultures
Authors: Muller Sandra , Ader Isabelle , Creff Justine , Leménager Hélène , Achard Pauline , Casteilla Louis , Sensebé Luc , Carrière Audrey , Deschaseaux Frédéric
Published: May 2019

Native human subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) is well organized into unilocular adipocytes interspersed within dense vascularization. This structure is completely lost under standard culture conditions and may impair the comparison with native tissue. Here, we developed a 3-D model of human white AT reminiscent of the cellular architecture foundin vivo. Starting with adipose progenitors derived from the stromal-vascular fraction of human subcutaneous white AT, we generated spheroids in which endogenous endothelial cells self-assembled to form highly organized endothelial networks among stromal cells. Using an optimized adipogenic differentiation medium to preserve endothelial cells, we obtained densely vascularized spheroids containing mature adipocytes with unilocular lipid vacuoles.In vivostudy showed that when differentiated spheroids were transplanted in immune-deficient mice, endothelial cells within the spheroids connected to the recipient circulatory system, forming chimeric vessels. In addition, adipocytes of human origin were still observed in transplanted mice. We therefore have developed anin vitromodel of vascularized human AT-like organoids that constitute an excellent tool and model for any study of human AT.
Contaminated feed-borne Bacillus cereus aggravates respiratory distress post avian influenza virus H9N2 infection by inducing pneumonia
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zuo Zonghui , Guo Yongxia , Zhang Tianyuan , Han Zhenhai , Huang Shujian , Karama Musafiri , Saleemi Muhammad Kashif , Khan Ahrar , He Cheng
Published: May 2019

Avian influenza virussubtype H9N2 is identified in chickens with respiratory disease whileBacillus cereus(B. cereus) has been frequently isolated from chicken feed in China. However, the roles of co-infection with these two pathogens remain unclear. In the present study, SPF chicks were intragastrically administered with 108 CFU/mL ofB. cereusfor 7 days and then inoculated intranasally with 100 EID50of H9N2 three days later. Alternatively, chickens were initially inoculated with H9N2 and then withB. cereusfor one week. Post administration, typical respiratory distress persisted for 5 days in both co-infection groups. Gizzard erosions developed in the groupsB. cereus/H9N2 andB. cereusgroup on 7thday while in group H9N2/B. cereuson 14thday. More importantly, both air-sac lesions and lung damage increased significantly in the co-infection group. Significant inflammatory changes were observed in theB. cereusgroup from day 7 to day 21. Moreover, higher loads of H9N2 virus were found in the co-infected groups than in the H9N2 group. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) specific antibodies were decreased significantly in the H9N2/B. cereusgroup compared to theB. cereusand theB. cereus/H9N2 groups. Nonspecific IgA titers were reduced significantly in theB. cereusgroup and the H9N2/B. cereusgroup compared to the control group. In addition to this, lower lymphocyte proliferation was found in the con-infection groups and the H9N2 group. Hence, feed-borneB. cereuscontamination potentially exacerbates gizzard ulceration and aggravates H9N2-induced respiratory distress by inhibiting antibody-mediated immunity and pathogen clearance. Thus controlling theB. cereuscontamination in poultry feed is immediately needed.
The impact of differences in plasma glucose between glucose oxidase and hexokinase methods on estimated gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence
Authors: Dickson Lynnsay M. , Buchmann Eckhart J. , Janse Van Rensburg Charl , Norris Shane A.
Published: May 2019

We evaluated the extent of measurement discordance between glucose oxidase and hexokinase laboratory methods and the effect of this on estimated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence in a routine clinical setting. 592 consecutive urban African women were screened for GDM. Paired venous specimens were submitted to two independent calibrated laboratories that used either method to measure plasma glucose concentrations. World Health Organisation diagnostic criteria were applied. GDM prevalence determined by the glucose oxidase and hexokinase methods was 6.9% and 5.1% respectively. The overall GDM prevalence was 9%. Only 34% of GDM positive diagnoses were common to both laboratory methods. Bland Altman plots identified a bias of 0.2 mmol/l between laboratory methods. Plasma glucose concentrations measured by the glucose oxidase method were more platykurtic in distribution. Low diagnostic agreement between laboratory methods was further indicated by a Cohen’s kappa of 0.48 (p < 0.001). Reports of GDM prevalence using either the glucose oxidase or hexokinase laboratory methods may not be truly interchangeable or directly comparable.
Extraction of Multi-Labelled Movement Information from the Raw HD-sEMG Image with Time-Domain Depth
Authors: Olsson Alexander E. , Sager Paulina , Andersson Elin , Björkman Anders , Malešević Nebojša , Antfolk Christian
Published: May 2019

In contemporary muscle-computer interfaces for upper limb prosthetics there is often a trade-off between control robustness and range of executable movements. As a very low movement error rate is necessary in practical applications, this often results in a quite severe limitation of controllability; a problem growing ever more salient as the mechanical sophistication of multifunctional myoelectric prostheses continues to improve. A possible remedy for this could come from the use of multi-label machine learning methods, where complex movements can be expressed as the superposition of several simpler movements. Here, we investigate this claim by applying a multi-labeled classification scheme in the form of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to high density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) recordings. We use 16 independent labels to model the movements of the hand and forearm state, representing its major degrees of freedom. By training the neural network on 16 × 8 sEMG image sequences 24 samples long with a sampling rate of 2048 Hz to detect these labels, we achieved a mean exact match rate of 78.7% and a mean Hamming loss of 2.9% across 14 healthy test subjects. With this, we demonstrate the feasibility of highly versatile and responsive sEMG control interfaces without loss of accuracy.
A comprehensive analysis of the Lactuca sativa, L. transcriptome during different stages of the compatible interaction with Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Verwaaijen Bart , Wibberg Daniel , Winkler Anika , Zrenner Rita , Bednarz Hanna , Niehaus Karsten , Grosch Rita , Pühler Alfred , Schlüter Andreas
Published: May 2019

The leafy green vegetableLactuca sativa, L. is susceptible to the soil-born fungusRhizoctonia solaniAG1-IB. In a previous study, we reported on the transcriptional response ofR. solaniAG1-IB (isolate 7/3/14) during the interspecies interaction withL. sativacv. Tizian by means of RNA sequencing. Here we present theL. sativatranscriptome and metabolome from the same experimental approach. Three distinct interaction zones were sampled and compared to a blank (non-inoculated) sample: symptomless zone 1, zone 2 showing light brown discoloration, and a dark brown zone 3 characterized by necrotic lesions. Throughout the interaction, we observed a massive reprogramming of theL. sativatranscriptome, with 9231 unique genes matching the threshold criteria for differential expression. The lettuce transcriptome of the light brown zone 2 presents the most dissimilar profile compared to the uninoculated zone 4, marking the main stage of interaction. Transcripts putatively encoding several essential proteins that are involved in maintaining jasmonic acid and auxin homeostasis were found to be negatively regulated. These and other indicator transcripts mark a potentially inadequate defence response, leading to a compatible interaction. KEGG pathway mapping and GC-MS metabolome data revealed large changes in amino acid, lignin and hemicellulose related pathways and related metabolites.
σ54 (σL) plays a central role in carbon metabolism in the industrially relevant Clostridium beijerinckii
Authors: Hocq Rémi , Bouilloux-Lafont Maxime , Lopes Ferreira Nicolas , Wasels François
Published: May 2019

The solventogenic C. beijerinckii DSM 6423, a microorganism that naturally produces isopropanol and butanol, was previously modified by random mutagenesis. In this work, one of the resulting mutants was characterized. This strain, selected with allyl alcohol and designated as the AA mutant, shows a dominant production of acids, a severely diminished butanol synthesis capacity, and produces acetone instead of isopropanol. Interestingly, this solvent-deficient strain was also found to have a limited consumption of two carbohydrates and to be still able to form spores, highlighting its particular phenotype. Sequencing of the AA mutant revealed point mutations in several genes including CIBE_0767 (sigL), which encodes the σ54 sigma factor. Complementation with wild-type sigL fully restored solvent production and sugar assimilation and RT-qPCR analyses revealed its transcriptional control of several genes related to solventogensis, demonstrating the central role of σ54 in C. beijerinckii DSM 6423. Comparative genomics analysis suggested that this function is conserved at the species level, and this hypothesis was further confirmed through the deletion of sigL in the model strain C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052.
Nonnative contact effects in protein folding
Authors: Shao Qiang , Zhu Weiliang
Published: May 2019

The folding simulations of three ββα-motifs and β-barrel structured proteins (NTL9, NuG2b, and CspA) were performed to determine the important roles of native and nonnative contacts in protein folding.
Copper-catalyzed arylstannylation of arynes in a sequence
Authors: Tanaka Hideya , Kuriki Hitoshi , Kubo Teruhiko , Osaka Itaru , Yoshida Hiroto
Published: May 2019

Diverse ortho-stannylbiaryls and teraryls have been synthesized by copper-catalyzed arylstannylation of arynes, in which the single or dual insertion of arynes into arylstannanes is precisely controllable by simply changing the equivalence of the aryne precursors employed.
Molecular insight into carboxylic acid–alkali metal cations interactions: reversed affinities and ion-pair formation revealed by non-linear optics and simulations
Authors: Sthoer Adrien , Hladílková Jana , Lund Mikael , Tyrode Eric
Published: May 2019

Alkali metal cations’ relative affinity to the carboxylic acid moiety is pH dependent, and typically remain hydrated.
Chemical pressure–chemical knowledge: squeezing bonds and lone pairs within the valence shell electron pair repulsion model
Authors: Lobato A. , Osman H. H. , Salvadó M. A. , Taravillo M. , Baonza V. G. , Recio J. M.
Published: May 2019

Bond and lone pairs are identified by the Chemical Pressure formalism providing correlations between ligand electronegativity and molecular activity within the VSEPR-LCP model.
Locality of conical intersections in semiconductor nanomaterials
Authors: Levine Benjamin G. , Peng Wei-Tao , Esch Michael P.
Published: May 2019

We review recent efforts to model nonradiative recombination in semiconductor nanoparticles through conical intersections, focusing on the reasons for and consequences of the locality of such intersections.
The metallo-formate anions, M(CO2)−, M = Ni, Pd, Pt, formed by electron-induced CO2 activation
Authors: Liu Gaoxiang , Ciborowski Sandra M. , Zhu Zhaoguo , Chen Yinlin , Zhang Xinxing , Bowen Kit H.
Published: May 2019

The metallo-formate anions, M(CO2)−, M = Ni, Pd, and Pt, were formed by electron-induced CO2 activation.
{Ni4} Cubanes from enantiomerically pure 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)pyridine ligands: supramolecular chirality
Authors: Mayans Julia , Athanasopoulou Angeliki A. , Pham Amy Trinh , Font-Bardia Mercè , Mazarakioti Eleni C. , Pilkington Melanie , Stamatatos Theocharis C. , Escuer Albert
Published: May 2019

Unprecedented homometallic NiII cubanes have been prepared from chiral ligands. Their structures have been correlated with their magnetic properties.
Toward a dodecanuclear molecular Re(i) box: structural and spectroscopic properties
Authors: Tzeng Biing-Chiau , Hsiao Yu-Jen , Lee Gene-Hsiang , Wang Hai-Ying , Leong Chanel F. , D'Alessandro Deanna M. , Zuo Jing-Lin
Published: May 2019

Closely related tetrapyridyl ligands with different core units (i.e., benzene and tetrathiafulvalene moieties for complexes 1 and 2, respectively) under similar reaction conditions yield dramatically different structural motifs (i.e., hexanuclear and dodecanuclear boxes for complexes 1 and 2, respectively).
Novel latonduine derived proligands and their copper(ii) complexes show cytotoxicity in the nanomolar range in human colon adenocarcinoma cells andin vitrocancer selectivity
Authors: Bacher Felix , Wittmann Christopher , Nové Márta , Spengler Gabriella , Marć Małgorzata A. , Enyedy Eva A. , Darvasiová Denisa , Rapta Peter , Reiner Thomas , Arion Vladimir B.
Published: May 2019

The copper(ii) complexes with latonduine derivatives are superior to those with isomeric paullone modified ligands.
Internalization and toxicological mechanisms of uncoated and PVP-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles in the freshwater algaChlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Pulido-Reyes Gerardo , Briffa Sophie Marie , Hurtado-Gallego Jara , Yudina Tetyana , Leganés Francisco , Puntes Victor , Valsami-Jones Eugenia , Rosal Roberto , Fernández-Piñas Francisca
Published: May 2019

The capping of the nanoparticles plays a vital role in their interaction with algal cells as the toxicological mechanism of polyvinylpyrrolidone-CeO2NPs is different from uncoated CeO2NPs.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of aza-brazilan derivatives containing imidazolium salt pharmacophores
Authors: Huang Mingqin , Duan Shengzu , Ma Xueqiong , Cai Bicheng , Wu Dongmei , Li Yan , Li Liang , Zhang Hongbin , Yang Xiaodong
Published: May 2019

A series of novel aza-brazilan derivatives containing imidazolium salt pharmacophores were synthesized and their antitumor structure–activity relationship studies were reported.
Synthesis of bio-inspired viscoelastic molecular networks by metal-induced protein assembly
Authors: Cao Yujie , Wei Xi , Lin Yuan , Sun Fei
Published: May 2019

An inducible protein assembly system is desirable for developing high-order biomolecular architectures with dynamic properties.
Robust production of 2D quantum sheets from bulk layered materials
Authors: Xu Yuanqing , Chen Shulin , Dou Zhipeng , Ma Yanhong , Mi Yang , Du Wenna , Liu Yin , Zhang Jianqi , Chang Jinquan , Liang Cheng , Zhou Jin , Guo Hongbo , Gao Peng , Liu Xinfeng , Che Yanke , Zhang Yong
Published: May 2019

Facile and mass production of intrinsic and defect-free 2D QSs from bulk layered materials is achieved via a unified top-down method.
Measuring optical activity in the far-field from a racemic nanomaterial: diffraction spectroscopy from plasmonic nanogratings
Authors: Kuppe Christian , Zheng Xuezhi , Williams Calum , Murphy Alexander W. A. , Collins Joel T. , Gordeev Sergey N. , Vandenbosch Guy A. E. , Valev Ventsislav K.
Published: May 2019

Photograph of the experimental setup with light diffracting from a racemic nanoarray. The diffracted spectra change depending on the direction of circularly polarized illumination.
Innovative omics-based approaches for prioritisation and targeted isolation of natural products – new strategies for drug discovery
Authors: Wolfender Jean-Luc , Litaudon Marc , Touboul David , Queiroz Emerson Ferreira
Published: May 2019

This review focuses on innovative omics approaches related to the prioritisation of natural extracts, to selection of efficient producing strains and to the targeted isolation of their bioactive constituents.
Biologically generated carbon dioxide: nature's versatile chemical strategies for carboxy lyases
Authors: Walsh Christopher T.
Published: May 2019

Metabolic production of CO2is natural product chemistry on a mammoth scale.
Recent advances of metabolic engineering strategies in natural isoprenoid production using cell factories
Authors: Li Meijie , Hou Feifei , Wu Tong , Jiang Xinglin , Li Fuli , Liu Haobao , Xian Mo , Zhang Haibo
Published: May 2019

This review covers the strategies mostly developed in the last three years for microbial production of isoprenoid, classified according to the engineering targets.
Chemodivergent reaction of azomethine imines and 2H-azirines for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing scaffolds
Authors: Wu Yufeng , Tian Bing , Hu Chao , Sekine Kohei , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: May 2019

Metal-free reactions of 2H-azirines with C,N-cyclic azomethine imines were investigated.
A proof-of-concept application of water-soluble ytterbium(iii) molecular probes in in vivo NIR-II whole body bioimaging
Authors: Ning Yingying , Chen Si , Chen Hao , Wang Jing-Xiang , He Shuqing , Liu Yi-Wei , Cheng Zhen , Zhang Jun-Long
Published: May 2019

Lanthanide complexes are firstly applied for in vivo NIR-II high resolution whole body bioimaging.
A Li–urine battery based on organic/aqueous hybrid electrolytes
Authors: Lv Yang , Shi Shuai , Wang Yahui , Yin Huiming , Hu Xun , Wu Pingli , Gao Guang-Gang , Liu Hong , Liu Xizheng
Published: May 2019

Urea/urine as a renewable energy source is attracting extensive attention, which represents a promising prospect toward ensuring a clean environment and energy utilization.
Facile development of CoAl-LDHs/RGO nanocomposites as photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen generation from water splitting under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Kumaresan Anbu , Yang Shuo , Zhao Kun , Ahmad Nafees , Zhou Jiyu , Zheng Zhong , Zhang Yuan , Gao Yan , Zhou Huiqiong , Tang Zhiyong
Published: May 2019

The facile development of CoAl-LDHs/RGO nanocomposites as photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen generation from water splitting under visible-light irradiation.
Ethylene glycol-assisted fabrication and superb adsorption capacity of hierarchical porous flower-like magnesium oxide microspheres for phosphate
Authors: Ahmed Saeed , Pan Jingsong , Ashiq Muhammad Naeem , Li Dianqing , Tang Pinggui , Feng Yongjun
Published: May 2019

Hierarchical porous flower-like MgO microspheres were fabricated via an ethylene glycol-assisted route under mild conditions and exhibited an outstanding maximum adsorption capacity of 574.71 mg g−1 for phosphate.
Rhodium-catalyzed alkenyl C–H functionalization with amides
Authors: Huang Yao , Pan Wen-Jing , Wang Zhong-Xia
Published: May 2019

Rhodium-catalyzed pyridyl-directed alkenyl C–H bond functionalization with aroyl- or acryl-amides via C–H/C–N activation was carried out.
Fabrication of a biconnected structure PVB porous heddle via thermally induced phase separation
Authors: Luo Yunying , Xu Yangyang , Wang Feng , Li Chengcai , Wang Jieqi , Jin Mengtian , Zhu Hailin , Guo Yuhai
Published: May 2019

Herein, a porous heddle of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) was successfully prepared by thermally induced phase separation with PEG400.
Anion amphiphilic random copolymers and their performance as stabilizers for O/W nanoemulsions
Authors: Peng Fangfang , Ke Yangchuan , Lu Shichao , Zhao Yi , Hu Xu , Deng Qingchun
Published: May 2019

A series of anionic amphiphilic random copolymers with sodium p-styrene sulfonate and dodecyl methacrylate were synthesized via free radical polymerization and their property in the formation and stabilization of nano-emulsions were investigated.
Photocatalytic improvement of Y3+ modified TiO2 prepared by a ball milling method and application in shrimp wastewater treatment
Authors: Wu Di , Li Chen , Zhang Dashuai , Wang Lili , Zhang Xiaopeng , Shi Zaifeng , Lin Qiang
Published: May 2019

Semiconductor photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process driven by solar energy which has widespread applications in the treatment of organic pollutants in liquid and gas phases.
Highly efficient monolithic perovskite silicon tandem solar cells: analyzing the influence of current mismatch on device performance
Authors: Köhnen Eike , Jošt Marko , Morales-Vilches Anna Belen , Tockhorn Philipp , Al-Ashouri Amran , Macco Bart , Kegelmann Lukas , Korte Lars , Rech Bernd , Schlatmann Rutger , Stannowski Bernd , Albrecht Steve
Published: May 2019

We present a highly efficient monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell and analyze the tandem performance as a function of photocurrent mismatch with important implications for future device and energy yield optimizations.
FeS2/carbon hybrids on carbon cloth: a highly efficient and stable counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Li Li , Ma Pin , Hussain Sabir , Jia Lianjun , Lin Di , Yin Xiong , Lin Yuan , Cheng Zhihai , Wang Leyu
Published: May 2019

FeS2/carbon tightly anchored on carbon cloth was developed as a counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells with efficiency and stability exceeding those of Pt.
Magnetic functional heterojunction reactors with 3D specific recognition for selective photocatalysis and synergistic photodegradation in binary antibiotic solutions
Authors: Lu Ziyang , Zhou Guosheng , Song Minshan , Wang Dandan , Huo Pengwei , Fan Weiqiang , Dong Hongjun , Tang Hua , Yan Feng , Xing Guozhong
Published: May 2019

Magnetic functional heterojunction reactors, containing a 3D specific recognition layer and TiO2–POPD heterojunction, improve the selectivity and photocatalytic activity.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of black phosphorus quantum dots: efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Myekhlai Munkhshur , Bati Abdulaziz S. R. , Sahlos Susanne , Slattery Ashley D. , Benedetti Tania M. , Gonçales Vinicius R. , Gibson Christopher T. , Gooding J. Justin , Tilley Richard D. , Shapter Joseph G.
Published: May 2019

Black phosphorus quantum dots exhibit an impressive catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction.
Nanoarchitectured metal–organic framework-derived hollow carbon nanofiber filters for advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Wang Chaohai , Kim Jeonghun , Kim Minjun , Lim Hyunsoo , Zhang Ming , You Jungmok , Yun Jung-Ho , Bando Yoshio , Li Jiansheng , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: May 2019

MOF-derived hollow carbon nanofiber filters (HCNFs) are designed as an efficient peroxymonosulfate catalytic reactor for the removal of organic pollutants.
Perovskite Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3: a potential family of peculiar lead-free electrostrictors
Authors: Yin Jie , Liu Gang , Zhao Chunlin , Huang Yanli , Li Zhitao , Zhang Xingmin , Wang Ke , Wu Jiagang
Published: May 2019

For perovskite ferroelectric oxides, the composition-induced transition from ferroelectrics to relaxors can enhance their electrostrictive coefficient Q33 remarkably, and has been attracting more and more attention in recent years.
Identification of fatty liver disease at diverse stages using two-photon absorption of triphenylamine-based BODIPY analogues
Authors: Shao Tao , Liu Tianyan , Liu Hui , Zhang Mingzhu , Shen Yu , Gao Awei , Tian Xiaohe , Zhang Qiong , Wu Jieying , Tian Yupeng
Published: May 2019

03B can target 3T3-L1 model cells at different fatty liver disease (FLD)-induced stages and clearly distinguish FLD tissue and display a lesion in situ.
Influence of trace zirconia addition on the properties of (K,Na)NbO3solid solutions
Authors: Liu Yi-Xuan , Thong Hao-Cheng , Zhao Chunlin , Liu Qing , Xu Xingyu , Wang Ke , Li Jing-Feng
Published: May 2019

The missing understanding of the relationship between the properties and trace zirconia addition in KNN solid solutions is obtained.
Relative sensor registration with two‐step method for state estimation
Authors: Ge Quanbo , Chen Tianxiang , Duan Zhansheng , Liu Mingxin , Niu Zhuyun
Published: May 2019

State estimation suffers from some new challenging problems with a multi‐platform multi‐sensor observation system. An important problem for multisensor integration is that the data from the local sensors needs to be transformed into a common reference frame free of systematic bias or registration. In this study, the relative sensor registration problem is discussed. It aligns measurement from the global sensor with the local sensor under the assumptions that the global sensor is bias free and all biases reside with the local sensor. The traditional methods failed in the condition when attitude bias becomes large because the error caused by linearisation of rotation matrix increases with growing attitude bias. Motivated by this, a two‐step method is established. By estimating the measurement bias through augmented extended Kalman filter in local sensor coordinate independent of attitude and location bias, and by introducing the unit quaternion method compute the attitude and location bias, the proposed method can avoid the problem the traditional methods faced. Simulation examples are provided to verify the proposed method by comparing with the existing linear least square algorithm.
Analysis and implementation of a new method to retain the original speed and torque of synchronous reluctance motor during sustained voltage dip
Authors: Ghosh Pradyumna Ranjan , Das Anandarup , Bhuvaneswari Gurumoorthy
Published: May 2019

This study presents the operation of a synchronous reluctance motor drive under a sustained voltage dip condition while being connected to a weak grid. In the presence of an input voltage dip, motor may not be able to produce sufficient torque and maintain its original speed. A new technique is proposed in this study to maintain the desired reference torque and speed during a sustained voltage dip. The proposed technique is realised by evaluating mathematically the motor‘s allowable voltage dip margin corresponding to an operating point pertaining to a particular torque and speed in the current locus diagram of the motor. With prior knowledge of the voltage dip margin for every operating point in the current locus diagram, it would be possible to retain the same reference torque and speed by moving to a new operating point, which can be with lesser or greater as compared to the initial operating point, in case a voltage dip greater than the tolerable margin occurs. To start with, voltage dip margin has been derived theoretically and the operation of the motor is investigated by deliberately introducing a voltage dip. The proposed methodology has been verified through simulations and experiments in this study.
Classification of textured images based on new information fusion methods
Authors: Zitouni Abdelkader , Benkouider Fatiha , Chouireb Fatima , Belkheiri Mohammed
Published: May 2019

This work presents supervised classification algorithms based on information fusion for textured‐images segmentation. Gabor features are efficient in finding class boundaries, whereas grey‐Level co‐occurrence matrix features are favourable in the areas within the classes. Moreover, the wavelets can represent textures at different scales and offer great discriminatory power between textures with strong resemblances. This motivates us to combine these three kinds of features with improving image segmentation. In the first step, the proposed method applied those three feature extraction strategies on textured images to get more information. After that in the second step, the estimated feature vector of each pixel is sent to the neural networks classifier for pre‐labelling. Then, in the third step of the proposed method, a classifier fusion method used to combine the scores obtained by the neural networks for each pixel. Finally, in the last step, to obtain more precise segmentation results, the scores within a sliding window are combined. The performance of the proposed segmentation algorithms was evaluated on synthetic images from Brodatz and DTD datasets. The obtained classification results from the proposed fusions system lead to higher classification precision compared to applying a single classifier on the textured images.
Image super‐resolution using conditional generative adversarial network
Authors: Qiao Jiaojiao , Song Huihui , Zhang Kaihua , Zhang Xiaolu , Liu Qingshan
Published: May 2019

Recently, extensive studies on a generative adversarial network (GAN) have made great progress in single image super‐resolution (SISR). However, there still exists a significant difference between the reconstructed high‐frequency and the real high‐frequency details. To address this issue, this study presents an SISR approach based on conditional GAN (SRCGAN). SRCGAN includes a generator network that generates super‐resolution (SR) images and a discriminator network that is trained to distinguish the SR images from ground‐truth high‐resolution (HR) ones. Specifically, the discriminator network uses the ground‐truth HR image as a conditional variable, which guides the network to distinguish the real images from the SR images, facilitating training a more stable generator model than GAN without this guidance. Furthermore, a residual‐learning module is introduced into the generator network to solve the issue of detail information loss in SR images. Finally, the network is trained in an end‐to‐end manner by optimizing a perceptual loss function. Extensive evaluations on four benchmark datasets including Set5, Set14, BSD100, and Urban100 demonstrate the superiority of the proposed SRCGAN over state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of PSNR, SSIM, and visual effect.
Modified clipping based image enhancement scheme using difference of histogram bins
Authors: Kandhway Pankaj , Bhandari Ashish Kumar
Published: May 2019

In this study, an image enhancement algorithm based on the modified histogram clipping scheme using a difference of histogram bins (MCDHB) has been proposed. The core idea of the proposed method is to ascertain the difference between the number of pixels’ in histogram bins of an input image and that of the traditional histogram equalised (HE) image. The calculated difference of each bin is partitioned into different blocks based on range criteria. The proposed algorithm can be attested as a global HE approach and mainly focuses on maintaining peaks in the histogram. The proposed MCDHB framework provides a good trade‐off among contrast enhancement, shape of histogram, detailed information, and natural colour. Furthermore, the MCDHB framework is also incorporated with gamma correction for further improvement. The subjective and objective assessment confirms that both the proposed techniques can efficiently enhance the images, in a better way than those produced by classical techniques.
Miniaturised low‐profile super‐wideband Koch snowflake fractal monopole slot antenna with improved BW and stabilised radiation pattern
Authors: Manohar Murli
Published: May 2019

This communication explores the super‐wideband Koch snowflake fractal monopole slot antenna for different wireless/multiband applications. The antenna comprises of a modified star‐shaped patch, a 50 Ω triangular tapered feedline, a partial slot loaded ground plane and an I‐shaped parasitic element located beneath the radiating element. The self‐similarity and space‐filling features of Koch iteration technique have been employed at the triangular patch to acquire the antenna compactness and broadband performances. Further by placing a pair of symmetrical L‐shaped slots and an inverted U‐shaped slot in the ground plane, a super‐wide‐impedance bandwidth (BW) () of 650 MHz–20 GHz with a ratio BW of 30.7:7 is attained. The proposed antenna has a compact size of 17 × 29 × 0.787 mm3 and has a stable radiation pattern over the entire frequency spectrum. For pattern stability, an I‐shaped parasitic element was utilised. Moreover, the typical antenna parameters such as return loss, gain, radiation pattern and group delay have been simulated and verified experimentally. Time‐domain characteristics have also been studied.
The role of atom tunneling in gas-phase reactions in planet-forming disks
Authors: Meisner J. , Kamp I. , Thi W.-F. , Kästner J.
Published: May 2019

Context.Chemical Gas-phase reactions of simple molecules have been recently revised to include atom tunneling at very low temperatures. This paper investigates the impact of the increased reaction rate constant due to tunneling effects on planet-forming disks.

Aims.Our aim is to quantify the astrophysical implications of atom tunneling for simple molecules that are frequently used to infer disk structure information or to define the initial conditions for planet (atmosphere) formation.

Methods.We quantify the tunneling effect on reaction rate constants by using H2+ OH → H2O + H as a scholarly example in comparison to previous UMIST2012 rate constants. In a chemical network with 1299 reactions, we identify all chemical reactions that could show tunneling effects. We devise a simple formulation of reaction rate constants that overestimates tunneling and screen a standard T Tauri disk model for changes in species abundances. For those reactions found to be relevant, we find values of the most recent literature for the rate constants including tunneling and compare the resulting disk chemistry to the standard disk model(s), a T Tauri and a Herbig disk.

Results.The rate constants in the UMIST2012 database in many cases already capture tunneling effects implicitly, as seen in the curvature of the Arrhenius plots of some reactions at low temperature. A rigorous screening procedure identified three neutral-neutral reactions where atom tunneling could change simple molecule abundances. However, by adopting recent values of the rate constants of these reactions and due to the layered structure of planet-forming disks, the effects are limited to a small region between the ion-molecule dominated regime and the ice reservoirs where cold (<250 K) neutral-neutral chemistry dominates. Abundances of water close to the midplane snowline can increase by a factor of two at most compared to previous results with UMIST2012 rates. Observables from the disk surface, such as high excitation (>500 K) water line fluxes, decrease by 60% at most when tunneling effects are explicitly excluded. On the other hand, disk midplane quantities relevant for planet formation such as the C-to-O ratio and also the ice-to-rock ratio are clearly affected by these gas-phase tunneling effects.
Penumbral microjets at high spatial and temporal resolution
Authors: Rouppe van der Voort Luc H. M. , Drews Ainar
Published: May 2019

Context. Sunspot observations in chromospheric spectral lines have revealed short-lived linear bright transients that are commonly referred to as penumbral microjets (PMJs). Details on the origin and physical nature of PMJs are to a large extend still unknown.

Aims. We aim to characterize the dynamical nature of PMJs to provide guidance for future modeling efforts.

Methods. We analyzed high spatial (0.̋1) and temporal resolution (1 s) Ca II H filtergram (0.1 nm bandwidth) observations of a sunspot that were obtained on two consecutive days with the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope.

Results. We find that PMJs appear to be the rapid brightening of an already existing (faint) fibril. The rapid brightening is the fast increase (typically less than 10 s) in intensity over significant length (several hundreds of kilometers) of the existing fibril. For most PMJs, no clear root or source from where the brightening appears to originate can be identified. After the fast onset, about half of the PMJs have tops that move with an apparent velocity of between 5 and 14 km s−1, most of them upward. No significant motion of the top is observed in the other PMJs. About one-third of the PMJs split into two parallel and coevolving linear features during the later phases of their lifetimes.

Conclusions. We conclude that mass flows can play only a limited role in the onset phase of PMJs. It is more likely that we see the effect of a fast heating front.
IceCube: An overview of physics results
Authors: Taboada Ignacio
Published: May 2019

Cosmic rays and neutrinos are intimately related. And though TeVPeV astrophysical neutrinos have been observed, their sources and their relation to potential sources of cosmic rays remain unknown. Recently, the blazar TXS 0506+056 has been identified as a candidate neutrino source. In parallel, IceCube has conducted numerous searches for other potential neutrino neutrino sources. These proceedings are limited in scope, given the large breath of science results by IceCube: A description of the astrophysical neutrino flux; a review of the real-time program that enables multi-messenger follow-up of neutrinos; a summary of the observations of TXS 0506+056; a recap of the search for neutrino point sources with 7 years of IceCube data; an account of the tantalizing capabilities of IceCube and ANTARES to detect Milky Way neutrinos and a description of a method to identify Glashow resonance events.
Next generation neutrino detectors at the South Pole
Authors: Kowalski Marek
Published: May 2019

Since the construction of IceCube was completed in 2010/11, the observatory has delivered several outstanding measurements in neutrino physics and multimessenger astronomy. Additionally, a series of new scientific questions and opportunities appeared. To address these, plans have been developed to expand on the IceCube concept, targeting both lower and higher energies, as well as the central PeV-energy window at significantly improved sensitivity. In this contribution I will outline these plans.
Detection of a flaring blazar coincident with an IceCube high-energy neutrino
Authors: Franckowiak Anna
Published: May 2019

In September 22, 2017, IceCube released a public alert announcing the detection of a 290 TeV neutrino track event with an angular uncertainty of one square degree (90% containment). A multi-messenger follow-up campaign was initiated resulting in the detection of a GeV gamma-ray flare by the Fermi Large Area Telescope positionally consistent with the location of the known Bl Lac object, TXS 0506+056 , located only 0.1 degrees from the best-fit neutrino position. The probability of finding a GeV gamma-ray flare in coincidence with a high-energy neutrino event assuming a correlation of the neutrino flux with the gamma-ray energy flux in the energy band between 1 and 100 GeV was calculated to be 3σ (after trials correction). Following the detection of the flaring blazar the imaging air Cherenkov telescope MAGIC detected the source for the first time in the > 100 GeV gamma-ray band. The activity of the source was confirmed in X-ray, optical and radio wavelength. Several groups have developed lepto-hadronic models which succeed to explain the multi-messenger spectral energy distribution.
Searches for IceCube neutrinos from blazar flares using correlations with gamma-ray lightcurves
Authors: Raab Christoph , Aguilar Sánchez Juan Antonio
Published: May 2019

Blazars have long been considered as accelerator candidates for cosmic rays. In such a scenario, hadronic interactions in the jet would produce neutrinos and gamma rays. Correlating the astrophysical neutrinos detected by IceCube with the gamma-ray emission from blazars could therefore help elucidate the origin of cosmic rays. In our method we focus on periods where blazars show an enhanced gamma-ray flux, as measured by Fermi-LAT, thereby reducing the background of the search. We present results for TXS 0506+056, using nearly 10 years of IceCube data and discuss them in the context of other recent analyses on this source. In addition, we give an outlook on applying this method in a stacked search for the combined emission from a selection of variable Fermi blazars.
Search for astrophysical PeV gamma rays from point sources with Carpet-2
Authors: Dzhappuev D. D. , Dzaparova I. M. , Gorbacheva E. A. , Karpikov I. S. , Khadzhiev M. M. , Klimenko N. F. , Kudzhaev A. U. , Kurenya A. N. , Lidvansky A. S. , Mikhailova O. I. , Petkov V. B. , Ptitsyna K. V. , Romanenko V. S. , Rubtsov G. I. , Troitsky S. V. , Yanin A. F. , Zhezher Ya. V.
Published: May 2019

Early results of the search for Eγ > 1 PeV cosmic photons from point sources with the data of Carpet–2, an air-shower array equipped with a 175 m2 muon detector, are presented. They include 95% CL upper limits on PeV photon fluxes from stacked directions of high-energy IceCube neutrino events and from four predefined sources, Crab, Cyg X-3, Mrk 421 and Mrk 501. An insignificant excess of events from Mrk 421 will be further monitored. Prospects of the use of the upgraded installation, Carpet–3 (410 m2 muon detector), scheduled to start data taking in 2019, for searches of Eγ > 100 TeV photons, are briefly discussed.
The KM3NeT Digital Optical Module and Detection Unit
Authors: Bruijn Ronald
Published: May 2019

The KM3NeT Collaboration is constructing new-generation neutrino detectors in the Mediterranean Sea. The main goals are the study of the highenergy neutrino flux and the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. The basic detection element, the Digital Optical Module (DOM), houses 31 3-inch PMTs inside a 17-inch glass sphere. The aim is to measure photons emitted by products of neutrino interactions in the sea-water with nanosecond precision. The multi-PMT concept has many advantages over a single-PMT design. We will discus these aspects and the enabling technologies. Additionally, the required mechanical and optical/electrical system on which DOMs are deployed as vertical strings, called Detection Units will be discussed.
The new CLBv4 for the KM3NeT Neutrino Telescope
Authors: Calvo David , Real Diego
Published: May 2019

The KM3NeT collaboration aims at the construction of a deepsea neutrino observatory in the Mediterranean Sea equipped with thousands of glass spheres, the so-called Digital Optical Modules, each of which contains 31 photomultipliers of small photocathode area. These devices will be used for the detection of the Cherenkov light induced by charged particles produced by the interaction of neutrinos with matter inside or in the vicinity of the KM3NeT detector. The signal acquired by each photomultiplier is sent to a Time to Digital Converter which is part of a Central Logic Board. The Time to Digital Converter resolution is 1 ns and the White Rabbit technology is used to guarantee time synchronization between the optical modules. Due to the large volume to be instrumented by KM3NeT, a cost reduction of the different systems is important so different versions of the Central Logic Board have been designed. The newest version was designed also to also reduce the phase noise in the main clock, to improve the stability of the synchronization.
The Software Defined Networking in KM3NeT
Authors: Chiarusi Tommaso , Giorgio Emidio
Published: May 2019

The networking infrastructure of the KM3NeT detector, implemented with both White Rabbit and standard high preformance switches, is presented in its peculiar asymmetric and hybrid layout. It is one of the first usecases for Software Defined Networking in Astroparticle Physics experiments. Thanks to this innovative technology, dangerous network loops are prevented and a complete deterministic control of the handled data flows is obtained.
Spatial positioning of underwater components for Baikal- GVD
Authors: Avrorin A.D. , Avrorin A.V. , Aynutdinov V.M. , Bannash R. , Belolaptikov I.A. , Brudanin V.B. , Budnev N.M. , Gorshkov N.S. , Doroshenko A.A. , Domogatsky G.V. , Dvornický R. , Dyachok A.N. , Dzhilkibaev Zh.-A.M. , Fajt L. , Fialkovsky S.V. , Gafarov A.R. , Golubkov K.V. , Gres T.I. , Kebkal K.G. , Kebkal O.G. , Khramov E.V. , Kolbin M.M. , Konischev K.V. , Korobchenko A.V. , Koshechkin A.P. , Kozhin V.A. , Kruglov M.V. , Kryukov M.K. , Kulepov V.F. , Kuleshov D.A. , Milenin M.B. , Mirgazov R.A. , Nazari V. , Panfilov A.I. , Petukhov D.P. , Pliskovsky E.N. , Rozanov M.I. , Rjabov E.V. , Rushay V.D. , Safronov G.B. , Šimkovic F. , Skurichin A.V. , Shaybonov B.A. , Solovjev A.G. , Sorokovikov M.N. , Shelepov M.D. , Suvorova O.V. , Shtekl I. , Tabolenko V.A. , Tarashansky B.A. , Yakovlev S.A. , Zagorodnikov A.V.
Published: May 2019

Baikal-GVD is a cubic kilometer-scale neutrino telescope currently under construction in Lake Baikal. The detector’s components are mobile and may drift from their initial coordinates or change their spatial orientation. This introduces a reconstruction error, particularly a timing error for PMT hits. This problem is mitigated by a combination of a hydroacoustic positioning system and per-component acceleration and orientation sensors. Under regular conditions, the average positioning accuracy for a GVD component is estimated to be less than 13 cm.
Environmental studies in Lake Baikal: basic facts and perspectives for interdisciplinary research
Authors: Avrorin A.D. , Avrorin A.V. , Aynutdinov V.M. , Bannash R. , Belolaptikov I.A. , Brudanin V.B. , Budnev N.M. , Doroshenko A.A. , Domogatsky G.V. , Dvornický R. , Dyachok A.N. , Dzhilkibaev Zh.-A.M. , Fajt L. , Fialkovsky S.V. , Gafarov A.R. , Golubkov K.V. , Gorshkov N.S. , Gres T.I. , Kebkal K.G. , Kebkal O.G. , Khramov E.V. , Kiktenko E. O. , Kolbin M.M. , Konischev K.V. , Korobchenko A.P. , Korotaev S.M. , Koshechkin A.P. , Kozhin V.A. , Kruglov M.V. , Kryukov M.K. , Kulepov V.F. , Kuleshov D.A. , Lovtsov S.V. , Milenin M.B. , Mirgazov R.A. , Nazari V. , Panfilov A.I. , Petukhov D.P. , Pliskovsky E.N. , Portyanskaya I.A. , Rozanov M.I. , Rjabov E.V. , Rushay V.D. , Safronov G.B. , Serdyuk V.O. , Shaibonov B.A. , Šimkovic F. , Shelepov M.D. , Shtekl I. , Solovjev A.G. , Sorokovikov M.N. , Sturm M. , Suvorova O.V. , Tabolenko V.A. , Tarashansky B.A. , Troitskaya E.S. , Yakovlev S.A. , Zagorodnikov A.V.
Published: May 2019

Lake Baikal in Siberia is one of the most interesting lakes in the world. It is the world’s largest reservoir of fresh surface water and home to several hundred endemic species. At the same time it harboured the first underwater neutrino telescope NT200, now followed by its successor Baikal-GVD, a cubic-kilometre scale neutrino telescope. Within the Baikal Neutrino project a number of methods and instruments have been designed to study various processes in the Baikal ecosystem. Hundreds of optical, acoustic and other sensors allow for long-term 3D monitoring of water parameters like temperature, inherent optical properties or the intensity of water luminescence, as well as processes like sedimentation or deep water renewal. Here we present selected results of the interdisciplinary environmental studies.