bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ГЕОГРАФІЧНА СТРУКТУРА УРБАНОФЛОР СТЕПОВОЇ ЗОНИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Derevyanska G. G. , Glukhov O. Z.
Published: September 2016

This paper considers the problem of geographic links between the urban flora of steppe zone of Ukraine on the example of the industrial agglomeration Donetsk-Makeyevka, in comparison with urban flora of Kherson and Kirovograd. We presented the detailed description of special features of the composition of geographic elements of the agglomeration flora. It strongly reflects the characteristic features of steppe urban flora, because its territory is affected by the anthropogenic influence at large extend. The spectrum of geographic ranges of species from the agglomeration Donetsk-Makeyevka urban flora numbers 6 types, 12 classes and 130 groups of ranges. The urban flora is both represented by species with wide and local ranges, endemics, that point to its significant heterogeneity. However, compared to the flora of Kherson and Kirovograd, the role of holarctic type of ranges in the agglomeration flora (375 species compared to 400 and 522 species, respectively) is reduced in favor of the polyregional type, reflecting active adventization processes. The holarctic class itself is represented by 150 species (16.7%). It far exceeds the number of species of this class in the regional flora (9.2%), since nearly a half of their number in the observed flora is adventive species. Second place by the number of species in the holarctic class belongs to the European and North American group (13; 1.5%). Apart from this, seven more groups of the class, comprising 1-3 species each, are connected with North America. The polyregional type is represented to a large extent by the species of ruderal habitats. The total number of species of this type is 199. The palaearctic class includes the greatest number of ranges of species from the agglomeration urban flora (31); it consists of 175 species (19.5%), that is less than such index for regional flora (27.3%). The European and Old Mediterranean transition type comprises 97 species (10.8%), that is less than in other urban flora of steppe zone (128; 13.3% in Kherson and 171; 18.0% in Kirovograd). The Nomadic type numbers 132 species (14.7%). One more species – Verbascum marschallianum Ivanina et Tzvelev – is related to the Nomadic and European transition type. The Nomadic and Old Mediterranean transition type includes 93 species (10.4%). This all suggests heterogeneity of urban flora of steppe zone of Ukraine due to their wide geographic connections. On the one hand, they have features of regional flora, which was formed under the great influence of Old Mediterranean flora and has a significant number of narrow-range and endemic species. On the other hand, under the impact of urbanization one can observe the reduction of the role of ranges of the Nomadic type and the enhanced role of the polyregional type due to the significant number of adventive species.

 
NONLINEAR CHARACTER OF SPECIES DIVERSITY: THE CASE OF ISLAND BIRD COMMUNITIES
Authors: Matsyura A. V.
Published: September 2016

Here we presented some theoretical conclusions about the nonlinear links in island bird communities. It is proved, that the relations between the specific biodiversity, structure and entropy of biogeocenosis are nonlinear. The optimal level of diversity in island bird communities does not depend on the carrying capacity. The optimal level of species diversity and the corresponding value of the total population (biomass) increases with carrying capacity and available ecological niches. The population diversity is the basis for community adaptation towards the unstable environment. Species diversity allows the community as a whole to be more efficient and to use the resources of environment more efficient by differentiating of ecological niches. The species diversity indices do not strive to stable constant, they increase along with species abundance but these dependences are rather nonlinear.

 
TRIBE TRITICEAE L. AND THE BIOCENOTIC MECHANISMS OF ADAPTABILITY
Authors: Moskalets T. Z.
Published: September 2016

The cultural species in the process ontogenesis and phylogenesis to favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions produce a number of biological mechanisms (molecular genetic, physiological, biochemical, morphological, biocenotic), plants identification behind them reflects the degree of their ecological of adaptability, plasticity and stability. Studying the and comparison of morphological parameters and relations with consort-species and representatives of tribe Triticeae allowed to find out what plants differently realize their life potential. Which are based on structural and functional features biocenotic mechanisms that manifested in adaptive properties. On example cultural cereal species shows that the basic mechanisms of adaptability are: mechanisms of functional sustainability, morphological tolerance and ontogenetic avoidance. The first group is associated with functional parameters forming and manifestation life potential of plants (accumulation protein, accumulation gluten, duration assimilatory ability flag leaf; erection leaves the upper tier; depth of node tillering; strength of the stem, ie the, low penchant to lodging; total tillering plants; synchronicity growth of main stem; the intensity fading ear after full ripeness.

The second group includes mechanisms of morphological tolerance (hairiness of leaves, stems; wax-colored bloom; plaza of leaf; type of bush; density head; beardedness; glossy coating of leaf, culm; glaucous color of leaf, culm; placing spicate of scales near granule; plant height). To mechanisms of ontogenetic avoidance relating such as mismatch of pathogen, phytophage and plant; photoperiodic sensitivity; duration interphase periods in particular florification, ripening; duration of vegetation period; duration of primary dormancy (latent period); multivariation of synontоgenesis; photoperiodic sensitivity.

Knowing the biocenotic mechanisms formation of adaptability cultural species discloses up new opportunities in clarifying the fundamental bases of adaptation and is of practical importance in the management of vitality and seed productivity.
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ КАЧЕСТВА КОРМОВ И МОЛОЧНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ КОРОВ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ НОВОГО БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО КОНСЕРВАНТА В ЛИОФИЛИЗИРОВАННОЙ ФОРМЕ
Authors: Baryshnikov P. I. , Khaustov V. N. , Burtseva S. V. , Nekrasov R. V. , Chabaev M. G. , Zelenchenkova A. A. , Durnikin D. A.
Published: September 2016

The effect of new biological preservative representing the mix of liophylized lactobacteria strains Lactobacillus plantarum VKPM V-4173; Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis VKPM V-2092, and Propionibacterium acidipropionici VKPMV-5723 (at a ratio of 40:40:20) on the quality of a maize silage has been studied. The total bacteria content in the preparation was 1´1011 CFU/g. Different variants of a silage conservation have been accesses under laboratory conditions using laboratory vessels; the variants included a preservative-free (control) variant and the dosages of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g per a ton of conserved maize green mass. The evaluation of the dynamical changes in the ammonia content, pH, organic acid content and their ratio, and the analysis of the chemical composition of a silage performed at the 7th, 21st, and 60th days after the filling showed the dosage of 3.0 g/ton provided the best results.

An industrial testing of the studied preservative (3.0 g/ton) showed that, comparing to the preservative-free silage, the use of the new preservative during the filling of a maize sillage provided the better preservation of nutrients and more optimal pH and ratio of organic acids in the silage mass. The industrial evaluation of the effect of the preservative addition to the silage on the productivity of milk cattle (n = 12) showed that the maximum average daily yield of milk of the basis fat content was obtained from cows of the experimental group, which ration included maize silage prepared with the use of the studied preservative. This yield made 28.86 kg that exceeds the same value of the control group by 4.0%. The feeding of cows with the silage prepared with the use of the new preservative provided an increase of the volatile fatty acid content and bacteria amount in the rumen contents and simultaneously decreased the ammonia content that evidenced the improvement of the digestion processes. The digestibility of nutrients of the whole ration of cows from the experimental group was higher than that in the control group.

 
Nocturia
Authors: Fehér Ádám Miklós , Bajory Zoltán
Published: September 2016

Nocturia is a significantly underestimated disorder, resulting in general worsening of patients’ quality of life, while morbidity and mortality are increasing. Several urologic and other pathologic causes can be described in the background including relatively severe conditions. Therefore, accurate evaluation and adequate treatment is recommended. In this review the authors summarize the international literature regarding nocturia. PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were accurately reviewed for the relevant information. Epidemiology, etiology, unfavourable effects, diagnosis and possible treatment options were analysed. They found that symptoms can be releaved by lifestyle changes and traditional therapy in several cases, but clinically significant improvement can be reached using desmopressin in patients suffering from nocturnal polyuria. The authors conclude that nocturia may have negative effects on patients’ quality of life and also on the society. Early detection and proper treatment is essential. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(36), 1419–1426.
Az onkohematológiai betegségek kezelésében használt tirozinkináz-gátló imatinib és nilotinib csonthatásainak irodalmi áttekintése és a saját kutatási eredmények bemutatása
Authors: Kirschner Gyöngyi , Balla Bernadett , Kósa János , Horváth Péter , Kövesdi Andrea , Lakatos Gergely , Takács István , Nagy Zsolt , Tóbiás Bálint , Árvai Kristóf , Lakatos Péter
Published: September 2016

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are widely used for treatment of certain oncohematological diseases. Several clinical studies have confirmed that specific BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors alter the physiological process of bone tissue in a complex and unclearly identified manner. Since these treatments are being given to more and more patients, and the therapy takes decades or lasts even lifelong, it is justifiable to obtain more detailed knowledge of the molecular background of these mechanisms. In this article the authors summarize preliminary research results and human clinical observations on imatinib and nilotinib which are related to bone metabolism, and present the results of their own experiments in in vitro osteoblast cultures. Based on the presented results, the effects of imatinib and nilotinib on bone cells depend on the concentration of imatinib and nilotinib, the maturation stage of the cells and the distribution ratio of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. In this study the authors firstly prepared a stop-gap, comprehensive review in the Hungarian literature, regarding the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on bone metabolism. In addition they firstly performed whole transcriptome analysis on osteoblasts in order to obtain a better understanding of the cellular molecular mechanisms. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(36), 1429–1437.
Hivatással és hálapénzzel kapcsolatos vélekedések a magyarországi családorvosok és családorvos rezidensek körében
Authors: Torzsa Péter , Csatlós Dalma , Eőry Ajándék , Hargittay Csenge , Horváth Ferenc , László Andrea , Márkus Bernadett , Mohos András , Kalabay László , Győrffy Zsuzsa
Published: September 2016

Introduction: The changing of the family medicine can be observed in the New Millennium. Migration, the aging of the healers and informal payment are crucial to the human resource crisis of the health sector. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the family physicians’ and residents’ opinions about the vocation and informal payment. Method: Exploratory, quantitative study was carried out among family physicians (n = 363) and family physician residents (n = 180). The central questions of the study were the vocation, the income and the informal payment. Results: The most decisive factors of the carrier choice were altruism, service and responsibility. Residents were significantly rejective (19.7% vs. 38.3%, p<0.001) about informal payment. They would accept smaller amounts of informal payment (14.3% vs. 8.9%, p<0.034), and would spend it on praxis development (1.4% vs.9.4% p<0.023). Conclusions: The attitudes of family physicians and residents are the same in case of the vocation, but on the issue of informal payment, the two generations have different opinions. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(36), 1438–1444.
Characterization for Organic Solid Solution and Formation of Organic Electronics
Authors: Shao Yan , Yang Yang
Published: September 2016

Recent two decades have seen the rapid development of organic electronics and much attention has been paid to carrier transport behavior. However, other characteristics, such as material compatibility, may be overlooked. We propose a new doping method taking advantage of fused organic solid solution, which is prepared by high-pressure and high temperature processing. In this method, the stable material systems can be selected and high performance organic light-emitting diodes with different colors have been demonstrated.
Fullerene Based n-type Organic Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Haddock Joshua , Domercq Benoit , Kippelen Bernard
Published: September 2016

Significant progress has been made in the area of p-type organic field effect transistors while progress in developing n-type materials and devices has been comparatively lacking, a limiting factor in the pursuit to develop complementary organic electronic circuits. Given the need for n-type organic semiconductors we have carried out studies using two different fullerene molecules, C60 and C70. Here, we report mobilities for C60 ranging from 0.02 cm2/Vs up to 0.65 cm2/Vs (depending on channel length), and mobilities from 0.003 cm2/Vs up to 0.066 cm2/Vs for C70. All devices were fabricated with organic films deposited under high vacuum but tested at ambient pressures under nitrogen.
A New Bis-Cyclometalated Iridium (III) Complex as a Triplet Emitter in Organic Light Emitting Devices
Authors: R Das Rupasree , Kwon Ohyun , Byun Younghun , Lyu Yi-Yeol , Kim Myeong Suk , Kim Heekyung , Han Eun Sil , Kim Mu Gyum , Park Jong-Jin , Pu Lyong Sun
Published: September 2016

We report a new Iridium(III) complex and the study of its optical, electrochemical and electroluminescence properties. The crystal structure shows an octahedral environment around Ir(III) center. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate the contribution of the d-orbitals of Ir and the π-orbitals of the cyclometalating and ancillary ligands toward HOMO, whereas LUMO is concentrated on only the cyclometalating ligand. These complexes emit in the sky blue color region from an admixture of triplet metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (3MLCT) and ligand π-π* states. A maximum external (ηex) quantumefficiency and luminance efficiency of 2.4% and 5.5 cd/A at 0.12 mA/cm2 was obtained from the device consisting of a 5% doped polymeric and low molecular host. A maximum brightness of 10,200 cd/m2 at 14.8 V was obtained from the device.
The Effect of Atmospheric Doping on the Interfacial Electronic Structure of Phthalocyanine Thin Films as Studied by UPS
Authors: Nishi Toshio , Kanai Kaname , Ouchi Yukio , Willis Martin R. , Seki Kazuhiko
Published: September 2016

The effect of oxygen doping on titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) films was investigated by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). The energy of the electronic levels of TiOPc films probed by UPS was clearly different between the film deposited in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and in oxygen atmosphere. The film deposited in UHV showed downward band bending characteristic of n-type semiconductor. On the other hand, the film deposited in oxygen atmosphere showed upward band bending characteristic of p-type semiconductor. Such trends are in excellent correspondence with reported field effect transistor characteristics. In order to examine the Fermi level (EF) alignment between TiOPc film and the substrate, the HOMO energy of TiOPc relative to the EF of the metal substrate was determined for various substrates. Although EF alignment was not achieved for the TiOPc film prepared in UHV, possibly because of insufficient charge density in the TiOPc film, it was achieved in the case of TiOPc film exposed to oxygen, probably by p-type doping effect of oxygen.
Flexible Pentacene/PMMA Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated on Aluminium Foil Substrates
Authors: Puigdollers J. , Voz C. , Fonrodona M. , Martín I. , Orpella A. , Vetter M. , Alcubilla R.
Published: September 2016

Pentacene thin-film transistors (TFT) were fabricated on aluminum foils using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as gate dielectric. In such structure, the aluminum substrate acts as the gate electrode itself. A bottom gate inverted structure was used to study the influence of the dielectric and the aluminum substrate on the device performance.

Pentacene thin-films were deposited by thermal evaporation in high-vacuum at deposition rates around 3 Ås-1 and three different substrate temperatures (30, 60 and 90°C). The maximum process temperature achieved was 170°C, corresponding to the baking of polymethyl methacrylate. The TFTs exhibit field-effect mobility values of ∼ 10-3 cm2V-1s-1 and threshold voltage values around –15 V. The influence of the dielectric and the substrate temperature on the pentacene structure and device field-effect mobility is discussed.
Ovarian response and conception rate following oestrus synchronization using three protocols in Egyptian buffalo heifers
Authors: Mohamed Ragab H. , Hossam Mohamed , Wehrend Axel , Hussein Hassan A.
Published: September 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to monitor the ovarian response and conception rate following estrous synchronization using CIDR, Ovsynch and double prostaglandin F2α protocols in Egyptian buffalo heifers. Material and methods: A total of 80 cyclic buffalo heifers were divided into four equal groups: CIDR (intravaginal progesterone releasing device, EAZI-BREEDTM CIDR®), Ovsynch (GnRH, PGF2α, GnRH injections), PGF (double PGF2α doses) and control. Timed artificial insemination (TAI) was performed in all heifers. All animals were exa - mined using ultrasound and blood samples were collected for measurement of progesterone. Results: A new follicular wave occurred earlier in the Ovsynch and PGF groups than in the CIDR group (p < 0.05). The mean diameter of the ovulatory follicle was smaller in the CIDR group than in the Ovsynch and PGF groups (p < 0.05). The ovulation rate was 100% in the CIDR group, 75% in the Ovsynch group and 70% in the PGF group. In the control group a lower pregnancy rate (20%) was determined in than in the CIDR (35%), Ovsynch (40%) and PGF (35%) groups. Progesterone concentrations were numerically higher in pregnant heifers of the CIDR group but the difference was non-significantly compared to the Ovsynch, PGF and control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion and clinical relevance: EAZIBREEDTM CIDR®, Ovsynch-based TAI and PGF protocols were effective in synchronizing oestrus and resulted in nearly similar pregnancy rates in Egyptian buffalo heifers.
Oligodendrogliom mit neuronaler Differenzierung bei einem 8 Monate alten Afrikanischen Weißbauchigel (Atelerix albiventris)
Authors: Völker Iris , Schwarze Iris , Brezina Tina E. , Köstlinger Saskia , Hewicker-Trautwein Marion
Published: September 2016

Ein 8 Monate alter, männlicher Afrikanischer Weißbauchigel zeigte klinisch einen schwankenden Gang, Anurie, Inappetenz und Apathie, woraufhin die Verdachtsdiagnose Wobbly Hedgehog Syndrome gestellt wurde. Nach Exazerbation wurde der Igel euthanasiert. Der histologisch im Großhirn nachgewiesene Tumor bestand überwiegend aus mittelgroßen, ovoiden Zellen und einer in geringerer Zahl vorhandenen spindelzelligen Zellpopulation. Im Tumor fanden sich Neuropil-Inseln und extrazelluläres myxoides Material. Immunhistochemisch exprimierten die Tumorzellen sowohl oligodendrogliale (neuritic outgrowth inhibitor, Nogo-A; oligodendrocyte transcription factor, Olig-2) als auch neuronale (neuronenspezifische Enolase, NSE; microtubuleassociated protein-2a, MAP-2a; Synaptophysin) Zellmarker. Anhand der Befunde wurde die Diagnose eines Oligodendroglioms mit neuronaler Differenzierung gestellt, wobei es sich um einen bei Weißbauch - igeln bisher nicht beschriebenen Hirntumor handelt. Die bei der Obduktion festgestellte hochgradige Füllung und Dilatation der Harnblase wurde vermutlich durch eine tumorbedingte zentrale Blockade des Blasenentleerungszentrums hervorgerufen. Auch bei jungen Igeln sollte im Fall neurologischer Symptome an einen primären Gehirntumor gedacht werden. Differenzialdiagnostisch sind entzündlich-infektiöse (Tollwut, Herpes, Baylisaskariose), degenerative (Kardiomyopathie, Bandscheibenerkrankung), traumatische, alimentäre (Vitamin-B-Mangel) und metabolisch-toxische (Hitze-Kälte-Starre, hepatische Enzephalopathie) Noxen auszuschließen.
How Our Life Experiences Affect Our Politics: The Roles of Vested Interest and Affect in Shaping Policy Preferences
Authors: Petrow Gregory A. , Vercellotti Timothy
Published: September 2016

Scholars investigating the role of self-interest in determining policy preferences find that self-interest has weak effects. However, researchers have refined their concepts of self-interest and are now finding a greater role for it (e.g., Crano 1995). We continue along this line of research, considering different mechanisms by which self-interest may come to be important. We argue that measuring people’s perceived self-interest in a policy (which we call vested interest) is important for understanding how people pursue their self-interest. We find that while life circumstances can cause people to endorse vested interest, emotion is an important mediator of this relationship. Finally, we test the notion that value change mediates between vested interest and support for a policy, and find evidence for a reciprocal relationship.
Rastreamento mamográfico do câncer de mama no Sul do Brasil e fatores associados: estudo de base populacional
Authors: Schneider Ione Jayce Ceola , Giehl Marui Weber Corseuil , Boing Antonio Fernando , d’Orsi Eleonora
Published: September 2016

O objetivo foi identificar os fatores associados à realização anual de mamografia em mulheres de 40 a 69 anos residentes em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos em dois inquéritos populacionais, um com adultas e outro com idosas, em 2009-2010. Foi estimada a prevalência de realização anual de mamografia e se empregou regressão univariada e multivariada de Poisson para identificar os fatores associados. Participaram do estudo 447 adultas e 510 idosas. A prevalência de realização anual entre adultas foi 43,5% (IC95%: 38,8-48,2), e possuir plano de saúde privado aumentou esta prevalência. Para as idosas, 38,3% (IC95%: 34,0-42,6) realizaram mamografia anual e os fatores associados foram ter companheiro, mais de cinco anos de estudo e pertencer ao quartil de renda mais alto. A utilização do exame de mamografia deve ser independente de qualquer condicionante social, em qualquer faixa etária, promovendo assim redução da mortalidade por câncer de mama.
Fire-resistant panels composed only of combustion by-products
Authors: Leiva Carlos , Arenas Celia , Alonso-Fariñas Bernabé , Vilches Luis F. , Peceño Begoña , Luna-Galiano Yolanda , Rodriguez-Galán Mónica
Published: September 2016

The reuse of two wastes from coal combustion in the manufacture of panels to be used as building materials or in the protection of metal structures against fire was analysed in this study. The panels were composed of 100% coal combustion by-products. The wastes used were fly ashes and flue gas desulfurisation gypsum from the combustion of coal in a Spanish power plant. The gypsum was previously calcined for 6 h at 150°C. Different mixtures of gypsum and fly ash were tested. The mixtures were kneaded with water until a homogeneous paste was achieved, with which moulds were filled. After 28 d at ambient temperature, the panels were subjected to different physical (density, pH and humidity), mechanical (compressive strength and surface hardness) and fire-resistance tests. Moreover, leaching tests were applied to the fly ash and gypsum. The results obtained were evaluated with the requirements established in some European standards for commercial gypsum products. The fire resistance of the panels under study was found to be higher than that of commercial gypsum and they also showed good mechanical properties.
Evaluation of wall surface temperatures in green facades
Authors: Vox Giuliano , Blanco Ileana , Fuina Silvana , Campiotti Carlo Alberto , Mugnozza Giacomo Scarascia , Schettini Evelia
Published: September 2016

Green walls can be used to control the building microclimate as passive systems for energy saving. Three vertical walls were built at the University of Bari (Italy). The first wall was covered with Pandorea jasminoides variegated and the second with Rhyncospermum jasminoides; the third wall was kept uncovered as a control. High-definition infrared images were recorded, and several climatic parameters concerning the walls and the ambient conditions were collected during the experimental test. The daylight temperatures observed on the shielded walls during warm days were lower than the respective temperatures of the uncovered wall by up to 9·0°C; the nighttime temperatures observed during cold days were higher than the respective temperatures of the control wall by up to 6·0°C. The effective thermal resistance of the plants was calculated, using experimental data for a whole year; it ranged from 0·07 to 3·61 m2 K/W.
Biomimetic lipid bilayers on solid surfaces: models for biological interactions
Authors: Kilic Abdulhalim , Kok Fatma Nese
Published: September 2016

Biomimetic lipid bilayer platforms on solid supports, or solid-supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), are important model membrane systems for studying the fundamental properties of biological membranes and their constituent lipid and protein molecules. SLBs with different properties and functionalities can be designed by changing their lipid content (charged, uncharged, saturated, etc.), adding various membrane components (glycolipids, cholesterol, etc.) or incorporating membrane proteins (receptors, ion channels, etc.). They allow the usage of surface-sensitive characterization techniques such as atomic force spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and the use of acoustic sensors such as quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Both QCM-D and SPR can supply information about binding events on surfaces and the properties of the resulting lipid films in real time by using frequency-dissipation changes and refractive index shift, respectively. In recent years, the potential of SLBs in numerous practical applications, such as the construction of drug screening or cancer cell detection platforms, has been explored. These platforms address some of the important challenges faced in cell membrane and membrane protein research and make membrane-related applications possible.
Spontaneous ear nose throat bleed: hematohidrosis an unknown entity series of eight cases
Authors: Jagannathan Vikram Venkatsubramaniam , K. Rajasekar M. , Mathivanan Shailaja , Mehta Meenaxi Praveen
Published: September 2016

Background: Spontaneous bleed from ear, nose, throat is a rare condition called as hematohidrosis, which occurs under condition of extreme physical or emotional stress. This condition manifests as spontaneous painless bleeding through unbroken skin in any part of the body. It is self-limiting in nature. This condition is relatively unaware among otorhinolaryngologists, the diagnosis of which is made by presence of bloody discharge without any obvious cause through intact skin, witnessed and confirmed by a health professional and the presence of blood components on biochemical analysis.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of series of eight cases.  

Results: All eight cases had normal haematological parameters and were under emotional stress. Two cases manifested with oral bleed.

Conclusions: Hematohidrosis is relatively unknown condition to the otorhinolaryngologists and the cases are occurring sporadically which goes unnoticed. This condition occurs in severe stress which may also lead to ear, nose, oral, gastrointestinal bleeds or in combination from any of the sites with a relation of severity of stress level with quantity and site of the bleeding episodes. The condition can be managed effectively if the condition is recognized after ruling out bleeding diathesis. If awareness is created about this clinical condition which is relatively unknown entity, it will lead to further insight on evaluation and management of this rare entity probably an exocrine disorder.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Protozoan Infections among the Tea Estates Workers of Ilam District, Nepal
Authors: Sah R. B. , Shah U , Jha N
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Intestinal protozoan infections continue to remain a global public health challenge, particularly in developing countries. Since diagnosis of these parasites is difficult, prevalence data on intestinal protozoa is scarce. Objectives: To measure the prevalence of intestinal Protozoan Infections and to identify risk factors associated with Protozoan Infections among the tea garden workers in Ilam district of Nepal. Materials and Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among tea garden workers in Ilam district of Nepal. Out of 4 tea estates in Ilam District, 2 tea estates (Ilam Municipality and Kanyam) were selected randomly. Out of total 150 tea workers (30 in Ilam Municipality and 120 in Kanyam), 98 workers participated in the study. Semi-structured questionnaire was used and routine examination of stool was done. Collected data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed. Results: Prevalence of protozoan infections among the Tea Estates workers of Ilam District was 22.4%. Giardia lamblia was seen higher (12.2%) than Entamoeba histolytica (10.2%). Regarding ethnicity, the protozoan infection was seen higher among Dalit (40%) than Janajati (18.8%) and Brahmin/Chhetri (11.1%) (P<0.05). The protozoan infections was seen lower who use of soap and water after defecation (6.2%) than those using only water (60%) (P<0.001). The protozoan infections was also seen lower who wear sandals or shoes (17.3%) than those did not wear (47.1%) (P<0.05). The protozoan infection was seen higher among those having the habit of nail biting and thumbs sucking. Conclusions: There is relatively high prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection among the Tea garden workers in Ilam District of Nepal. This obviously suggests that there is possible poor personal hygiene, sanitation, and behavior oriented risk factors which predispose the workers to these parasites.
Psychological Co-Morbidities and Physical Therapy in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Verma C. V. , Kawade S. K. , Krishnan V.
Published: September 2016

Background: Ankylosing Spondulitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton with variable involvements of the peripheral joints. Symptoms appear gradually with pain and stiffness especially in the morning. As the disease progresses, loss of spinal mobility and chest expansion with limitation of anterior flexion, lateral flexion, and extension of the lumbar spine, are seen. Pain is often severe at rest, but improves with physical activity. Though physical therapy remedies have been scarcely documented, therapeutic exercises are used to help manage pain and improve functions. Methodology: 10 patients (8 males) diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis with HLA-B27 antigen positive participated in the study. After basic evaluation, the patients were asked to fill the quality of life questionnaire and hospital anxiety depression scale. Physical therapy exercises were introduced for a period of 4 weeks. The outcome measures were reassessed after this. The data thus obtained, was then statistically analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients was 26 years with the mean duration of the disease about 1 year and 2 months. Both the scales showed decreased scores post physiotherapy. Conclusion: Physical therapy improved the quality of life in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Patients were seen to be depressed and anxious due to the disease process. Also, financial status gets affected due to expenditure on medicines and surgical interventions further affecting the psychological status.
Специфика наноиндустрии как объекта сравнительного международного экономического анализа
Authors: Полынцев Иван Дмитриевич
Published: September 2016

В работе раскрыты особенности наноиндустрии с позиций ее международного компаративного анализа. Определены проблемы идентификации нанотехнологий и наноиндустрии, обусловленные мульти-, транс- и междисциплинарностью нанонауки и принципиальными различиями между поколениями как нанотехнологий, так и получаемых при их помощи наносодержащих продуктов. Критически переосмыслен системный характер наноиндустрии, проанализирована динамика ее развития в разных странах. Сделан вывод о необходимости особого акцента на изучении институтов и стейкхолдеров при проведении сравнительного анализа наноиндустрий разных стран, что в сочетании с применением модифицированной версии функционализма позволяет реализовать бенчмаркинговую и рефлективную функции компаративистики. Статья представляет интерес для исследователей в области инновационной экономики, теории экономического развития, экономики наноиндустрии и теории экономических укладов.
Sytuacja gospodarcza Polski a rozwój małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Misztal Anna
Published: September 2016

Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie wpływu sytuacji społeczno-gospodarczej w Polsce na rozwój małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw. Rozwój MŚP jest uwarunkowany czynnikami zewnętrznymi, jak i uwarunkowaniami wewnętrznymi przedsiębiorstwa. Punktem wyjścia dla rozważań jest omówienie zagadnień teoretycznych związanych z wpływem otoczenia na funkcjonowanie MŚP. Dalsza część artykułu poświęcona została ocenie sytuacji społeczno-gospodarczej Polski oraz poziomu rozwoju sektora MŚP. Końcowe rozważania dotyczą statystycznej oceny wpływu sytuacji społeczno-gospodarczej Polski na wyniki finansowe MŚP.
Korytarze ekologiczne a prawo i polityka ekologiczna. Korytarz ekologiczny Doliny Odry jako podstawowy element systemu przyrodniczego Wrocławia
Authors: Zaręba Anna Danuta , Próchnicka Paulina
Published: September 2016

Przedmiotem badań jest stworzenie opracowania dotyczącego istniejących oraz planowanych elementów systemu ochrony środowiska przyrodniczego Wrocławia, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem korytarzy ekologicznych. Punktem wyjścia dla dalszych prac stało się założenie, że koncepcja korytarzy ekologicznych stanowi podstawę dla kształtowania się właściwego systemu ochrony środowiska przyrodniczego. W artykule podkreślono znaczenie wrocławskich korytarzy dla potrzeb zachowania łączności ekologicznej miasta. Zaprezentowano definicję i systematykę korytarzy ekologicznych oraz wskazano na ich niejasny status prawny w Polsce, który wynika z braku odrębnego i spójnego w treści systemu ich właściwej ochrony. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono zagadnieniom prawa i polityki ekologicznej, przy czym za szczególnie ważne uznano te zapisy które dotyczą łączności ekologicznej i które obowiązują we wszystkich krajach członkowskich UE.
Bierność zawodowa osób niepełnosprawnych w Polsce
Authors: Kobus-Ostrowska Dorota
Published: September 2016

Celem artykułu jest próba identyfikacji czynników determinujących bierność zawodową osób niepełnosprawnych w Polsce i wskazanie kierunków zmian. Do analizy posłużył materiał statystyczno-empiryczny udostępniony przez GUS w ramach kwartalnych Badań Aktywności Ekonomicznej Ludności (BAEL), a także informacje przekazane z Biura Pełnomocnika Rządu do Spraw Osób Niepełnosprawnych. Zaprezentowana analiza aktywności zawodowej osób niepełnosprawnych w Polsce z jednej strony wskazuje na poprawę sytuacji tych osób na rynku pracy, z drugiej zaś podkreśla wielorakie ograniczenia. Nadal występują bariery, których aktualnie realizowana polityka społeczna i system rehabilitacji zawodowej nie eliminują, a jedynie doraźnie łagodzą.
Ochrona środowiska w gminach o szczególnych walorach przyrodniczych. Przykład gmin powiatu wieluńskiego posiadających park krajobrazowy
Authors: Rzeńca Agnieszka
Published: September 2016

W warunkach dynamicznych procesów społeczno-gospodarczych wyzwaniem dla jednostek terytorialnych (gmin) jest ochrona przestrzeni cennej przyrodniczo. Bogactwo i różnorodność środowiska przyrodniczego oraz kulturowego terytorium stanowi specyficzny zasób endogeniczny, który jest wartością, ale wymaga intensyfikacji działań na rzecz ich ochrony.
Przedmiotem artykułu jest problematyka ochrony środowiska, podmiotem badań – gminy powiatu wieluńskiego o wybitnych walorach przyrodniczych będące atrakcją turystyczną dla mieszkańców województwa łódzkiego, śląskiego i opolskiego. W artykule przedstawiono główne obszary aktywności władz lokalnych w zakresie ochrony środowiska oraz dokonano identyfikacji głównych problemów. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na gminy, na których terenie znajduje się park krajobrazowy.
Paradygmaty i trajektorie technologiczne – studium przypadku broni pancernej
Authors: Szost Marcin
Published: September 2016

W artykule omówiona i zweryfikowana zostaje teoria paradygmatu oraz trajektorii technologicznej, według której rozwój technologii nie jest zjawiskiem losowym, ale charakteryzuje się regularnymi stabilnym przebiegiem wyznaczającym trajektorię technologiczną. Owa regularność wynika ze stosowania podobnych metod rozwiązywania zagadnień technicznych, wyznaczonych przez obowiązujący paradygmat.
Przeprowadzona na przykładzie czołgów analiza procesu zmian charakterystyk technicznych potwierdza istnienie takiej regularności. Wskazane zostały punkty zwrotne, rozgraniczające kolejne fazy rozwoju tej technologii, związane ze zmianami paradygmatu technologicznego i odpowiadające klasycznym fazom cyklu życia produktu.
A Philosophical Inquiry into the Confusion over the Radiation Exposure Problem
Authors: Ichinose Masaki ,   The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan,   ,
Published: September 2016

In this paper, I discuss from a philosophical viewpoint the so-called radiation problem that resulted from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. The starting point lies in the conceptual distinction between “damage due to radiation” and “damage caused by avoiding radiation.” We can recognize the direct “damage due to radiation” in Fukushima as not serious based on the empirical data so that I focus upon the problem of the “damage caused by avoiding radiation,” particularly the damage due to evacuation actions. Actually, evacuation actions caused more refugees to die of suicide and diseases than supposed. Obviously, there is a practical problem on whether the forceful and emergent evacuation was needed. In addition, I will point out that some people psychologically had negative feelings about the radiation problem altogether, for example, absurdity, discomfort, anxiety, or distrust, where some of them tend to twistedly solve those by giving moral censure to people and the product in affected areas. This brought about serious harm to people in Fukushima. I will interpret some people’s careless adoption of precautionary principle and their misunderstanding of the legal standard in radiation protection as being latent in this tragedy.
Building Reconstruction After Large-Scale Disasters A Case Study of Ishinomaki City After the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Ubaura Michio ,   School of Engineering, Department of Architecture and Building Science, Tohoku University  6-6-06 Aramaki-Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Nieda Junpei , Miyakawa Masashi ,   ,
Published: September 2016

In large-scale disasters and the subsequent recovery process, land usage and urban spatial forms change. It is therefore important to use this process as an opportunity to create a more sustainable spatial structure. This study considers the urban spatial transformations that took place after the Great East Japan Earthquake, their causes, and accompanying issues by investigating building construction in the recovery process. The authors discovered that individual rebuilding is primarily concentrated in vacant lots within the city’s existing urbanized areas. This is likely due to the spatial impact of the urban planning and agricultural land use planning system, the area division of urbanization promotion areas, and the urbanization restricted areas, all of which were in place prior to the disaster and which have guided development. On the other hand, there are areas severely damaged by tsunami in which there has been little reconstruction of housing that was completely destroyed. The authors concluded that building reconstruction in Ishinomaki City resulted in both the formation of a high-density compact city and also very low-density urban areas.
Performance of Countermeasures Against Massive Slope Failures in Sendai City During the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake
Authors: Yoshida Nozomu ,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku Gakuin University  1-13-1 Chuo, Tagajo, Miyagi 985-8537, Japan, Wakamatsu Kazue ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Kanto Gakuin University, Yokohama, Japan,   ,
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a case history of extensive damage due to large-scale slope failure during two successive earthquakes and the positive impact of countermeasures in Midorigaoka, Sendai, Japan. We detail damage during the two earthquakes, postquake countermeasures, and problems encountered during restoration. The area was damaged during the 1978 Miyagiken-oki Earthquake, after which countermeasures were deployed. The most significant damage was at Midorigaoka 1-chome, where 18 houses were demolished and two areas were abandoned. Extensive countermeasures such as a collecting well, landslide prevention piles, and retaining walls were implemented here. In Midorigaoka 3-chome, 14 houses were demolished and two areas were abandoned. Landslide prevention piles were installed and a landslide-controlling dam constructed. Failure was only superficial at Midorigaoka 4-chome, so no heavy remedial work was needed. The Midorigaoka district was hit again by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake, although no damage was observed at 1-chome. Damage at 3-chome resembled that in the 1978 earthquake. Ground movement of up to 1–2 m was induced at Midorigaoka 4-chome, where approximately 100 houses collapsed and the area itself was forbidden for housing use. The degree of damage during this earthquake depended upon countermeasures adopted after the 1978 earthquake.
IDENTIFIKASI KOMPONEN KIMIA AKSESI RUMPUT KEBAR (Biophytum petersianum) ASAL PAPUA DAN JAWA
Authors: Sembiring Bagem , Darwati Ireng
Published: September 2016

Rumput kebar belum banyak dikenal orang, tetapi di Papua secara empiris digunakan sebagai penyubur kandungan. Senyawa aktif yang berperan sebagai obat maupun penyubur termasuk golongan steroid, saponin dan flavonoid. Bahan aktif merupakan metabolit sekunder, kandungannya bervariasi tergantung lingkungan tumbuh, waktu panen dan proses pengolahan. Tujuan penelitian adalah identifikasi mutu aksesi rumput kebar asal Papua, Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah untuk menghasilkan simplisia yang berkualitas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengujian, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor pada tahun 2011. Bahan baku menggunakan rumput kebar asal Papua, Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah. Bagian tanaman yang diidentifikasi adalah secara keseluruhan. Rumput kebar dicuci bersih, ditiriskan, dikeringkan kemudian digiling. Serbuk yang diperoleh dianalisis mutunya dengan parameter meliputi : karakteristik mutu, skrining fitokimia, senyawa aktif, unsur mineral dan aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan,  rumput kebar asal Papua, Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah  mengandung kadar sari air lebih besar dibandingkan kadar sari alkohol. Jumlah kadar sari air berkisar antara 11,57-11,73% dan kadar sari alkohol 10,29-10,55%. Rumput kebar mengandung senyawa kimia golongan alkaloid, saponin, tanin, fenolik, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid dan glikosida. Jumlah senyawa kimia yang terdeteksi pada aksesi rumput kebar asal Papua adalah sebanyak 15 komponen dan dari Jawa 14 komponen. Kadar unsur mineral rumput kebar meningkat sebesar 0,00-51,15% setelah difermentasi. Rumput kebar asal Papua memiliki daya aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan Jawa Barat maupun Jawa Tengah. Nilai IC 50 (konsentrasi penghambatan 50%) asal Papua 27,74 ppm, Jawa Barat 45,93 ppm dan Jawa Tengah 38,13 ppm.
PENGARUH GIBERELIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BEBERAPA VARIETAS LADA UNTUK PENYEDIAAN BENIH SECARA CEPAT
Authors: Setiawan Setiawan , Wahyudi Agus
Published: September 2016

Tanaman lada (Piper nigrum) dapat diperbanyak dengan biji, setek, layering dan grafting, maupun kultur jaringan. Metode perbanyakan untuk menghasilkan benih secara cepat (rapid multiplication method) telah dikembangkan untuk memperoleh benih dalam waktu singkat.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian GA3 terhadap pertumbuhan lada dengan rapid multiplication method. Penelitian dilaksanakan Mei sampai Desember 2013 di KP. Cimanggu.. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok yang disusun secara faktorial tiga  ulangan. Faktor  pertama  adalah  bahan  tanaman  yaitu  tujuh  varietas  lada  yaitu  Natar-1,  Natar-2,  Petaling-1,  Petaling-2, Lampung Daun Lebar, Bengkayang dan Chunuk. Faktor kedua adalah dosis GA3 yaitu 0, 50, dan 100 ppm. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, jumlah daun, jumlah buku berakar, jumlah dan panjang akar primer, jumlah dan panjang akar adventif, luas daun dan bobot kering biomas. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, jumlah daun, luas daun, jumlah buku berakar, jumlah akar adventif, panjang akar adventif, jumlah akar primer dan panjang akar primer dipengaruhi oleh interaksi varietas dan GA3. Bobot kering akar, bobot kering daun, bobot kering batang dan bobot kering akar adventif dipengaruhi oleh fakt or tunggal varietas dan GA3. Varietas Petaling-2 dan LDL pada aplikasi GA3 100 ppm menghasilkan buku berakar tertinggi masing-masing 11 dan 10 buku.
STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPING INDONESIAN PEPPER EXPORT BASED ON TRADE PERFORMANCE INDEX AND ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
Authors: Sudjarmoko Bedy , Wahyudi Agus , Ermiati Ermiati , Hasibuan Abdul Muis
Published: September 2016

Production and export of Indonesian pepper in the world market has declined because of low in productivity, quality and product diversification, inefficient marketing chain and lack of technology transfer to farmers level. The study was conducted to identify and analyze export problems in pepper, and to formulate strategies and policies for pepper export development. This study used primary and secondary data. Data were analyzed with Trade Performance Index and Analytic Hierarchy Process. The results showed that the problems in Indonesian pepper export were low competitiveness and productivity, poor infrastructure, inappropriate institutional farmers and traders, high interest rates and improper policy implementation. The recommended grand strategies for pepper export development were resources optimization, infrastructure and institutional development, financing schemes, and strengthening policy implementation.