A facility and community-based assessment of scabies in rural Malawi
Authors: Galván-Casas Cristina , Mitjá Oriol , Esteban-Terradillos Sara , Kafulafula Jacob , Phiri Texon , Navarro-Fernández Íñigo , Román-Curto Concepción , Mtenje Hassani , Thauzeni Gerald , Harawa Elizabeth , Kaluzi Stephano , Diere Mphatso , Mkandawire Mary , Malizani Shaibu , Chifundo Alex , Utrera-Busquets Marta , Roncero-Riesco Mónica , Martín-Prieto Sara López , Vilanova-Urdániz Iosune , Petiti Gisela H. , de Gálvez Aranda María Victoria , Pérez Nuria NO , Gómez-Calcerrada María Rueda , Iranzo Pilar , García-Patos Pilar Escalonilla , Troya-Martín Magdalena de , Gomez Javier Romero , Cardeñoso-Alvarez Esther , Truyols Sofia Lucas , Unanue Libe Aspe , del Pozo Cristina Bajo , Artieda Alicia Comunión , González Maria Isabel Martínez , López-López Omar F , Moreno-Artero Esther , Cubiró Xavier , Meilán-Sánchez Iago , Tomás-Velázquez Alejandra , López-Sánchez Cristina , Sánchez-Martínez Eva M , Edwards Harrison A , Morueco Maria Herrera , Rubiera Julia Zehe , Caldera Laura Salguero , Blanes-Moreno Urbano , Uribarren-Movilla Maria , Marks Michael 
Published: September 2020

Background

Scabies is a neglected tropical disease of the skin, causing severe itching, stigmatizing skin lesions and systemic complications. Since 2015, the DerMalawi project provides an integrated skin diseases clinics and Tele-dermatology care in Malawi. Clinic-based data suggested a progressive increase in scabies cases observed. To better identify and treat individuals with scabies in the region, we shifted from a clinic-based model to a community-based outreach programme.

Methods

From May 2015, DerMalawi project provide integrated skin diseases and Tele-dermatological care in the Nkhotakota and Salima health districts in Malawi. Demographic and clinical data of all patients personally attended are recorded. Due to a progressive increase in the number of cases of scabies the project shifted to a community-based outreach programme.

For the community outreach activities, we conducted three visits between 2018 to 2019 and undertook screening in schools and villages of Alinafe Hospital catchment area. Treatment was offered for all the cases and school or household contacts.

Results

Scabies increased from 2.9% to 39.2% of all cases seen by the DerMalawi project at clinics between 2015 to 2018. During the community-based activities approximately 50% of the population was assessed in each of three visits. The prevalence of scabies was similar in the first two rounds, 15.4% (2392) at the first visit and 17.2% at the second visit. The prevalence of scabies appeared to be lower (2.4%) at the third visit. The prevalence of impetigo appeared unchanged and was 6.7% at the first visit and 5.2% at the final visit.

Conclusions

Prevalence of scabies in our study setting was very high suggesting that scabies is a major public health problem in parts of Malawi. Further work is required to more accurately assess the burden of disease and develop appropriate public health strategies for its control.

PLAIN ENGLISH SUMMARY

Scabies is an infestation of the skin caused by a mite. There is limited data on how common scabies is in sub-Saharan Africa, including Malawi. The DerMalawi project has been providing care for dermatological conditions in rural Malawi since 2015. Between 2015 and 2018 we observed an increase in patients with scabies attending for treatment. In response, the project shifted from providing care at clinics to an approach using community-based outreach.

Between 2018 and 2019 we conducted community-based activities on three occasions in an area of approximately 30,000 individuals. The DerMalawi team visited schools and villages to identify and treat cases of scabies and their contacts. We were able to examine about 50% of the population on each visit.

Initially a large proportion of the population had scabies (15%) and this was similar during our second community survey. At our third survey this appeared to have decreased to 2% but it is difficult for us to know if this is because of treatment given in the previous rounds.

Scabies is a major problem in rural populations in Malawi and public health strategies are needed to reduce the disease burden.