bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Concept of the Weaker Party to a Civil Relation
Authors: Pozdnyakova Anna S. ,   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Orenburg Institute (Branch) of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University, PhD (Law)
Published: July 2024

The civil legislation of the Russian Federation regulates property and personal non-property relations based on the equality of the participants in these relations. In a number of cases, when actually unequal entities enter into civil legal relations, the legislator, in order to ensure the legal equality of the parties, provides the weaker party with broader legal opportunities to exercise and protect its subjective rights. The concept of “weak party of the legal relationship” is absent in the law, however, it is quite often used in civil science. An analysis of the scientific literature and law enforcement practice allows us to establish that the concept of “weak party” is used to characterize the subject of a contractual obligation, which can be both citizens and legal entities with less information, a lower level of competence, and a limited ability to equal with the other party to the contract to participate in determining its terms. Along with the concept of “weak party”, the concept of “economically weaker party” is used. In this article, the author concludes that in non-contractual obligations due to harm to the intangible benefits of a citizen, primarily life and health, the victim should also be recognized as a weak party, which should be called the “socially weaker party”. Since the legislator allows, after causing harm, the possibility of contractual relations between the parties regarding the grounds and amount of compensation for such harm, there is a need for legislative regulation of the contractual process, as well as determining the conditions and procedure for approving such an agreement.
On the Improvement of the Financial and Legal Liability of Payment System Operators
Authors: Larionova Elizaveta S. ,   Postgraduate Student of the Graduate School of Public Audit (Faculty) of the Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: July 2024

The article discusses possible ways to improve the application of liability measures provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation on the national payment system to payment system operators. The criteria provided for in Article 34 of the Federal Law “On the National Payment System” and used by the Bank of Russia to select a measure of coercion for violation of this law are presented by quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Quantitative characteristics are aimed at assessing the impact of a violation on the smooth functioning of the payment system and, according to the Regulation of the Bank of Russia No. 607-P, are measurable (for example, the time to eliminate an information security incident is calculated in minutes). In turn, the qualitative characteristics describe the violation as “affect/ does not affect the services provided to the participants of the payment system and their customers” (parts 1, 2 of Article 34 of the Federal Law “On the National Payment System”). The qualitative characteristics of violations committed by the payment system operator are not entirely specific. Considering that the responsibility of payment system operators is a type of financial legal responsibility, the signs of which are legality, objectivity and fairness, the article proposes an approach to clarifying the qualitative characteristics of violations committed by payment system operators in order to increase the effectiveness of applying liability measures to them.
The French Capitulation (‘ahdname) of 1604: Re-evaluation and Critical Edition of an Ottoman Charter of Privileges
Authors: Dipratu Radu
Published: July 2024

The imperial capitulation (‘ahdname-i hümayun) granted to France in 1604 has been widely used as a foundation for studies on early-modern Ottoman-French diplomacy and commercial relations. However, in the absence of an original document, scholars have depended upon existing Ottoman-Turkish copies, and mostly on problematic, outdated translations. Relying on a newly-surfaced authenticated copy of the document, this paper will conduct a diplomatic analysis of this often-cited charter of privileges, arguing that while it contained several important new articles, most of its features were reproduced from preceding ‘ahdnames. The second part of this paper contains a transliteration of the document, where the authenticated copy is compared with the other known versions, as well as an English translation, thus aiming to correct errors present in previous editions and studies.
16-17. Yüzyıllarda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Tedavül Eden Gümüş Avrupa Sikkeleri Hakkında
Authors: Elibol Numan
Published: July 2024

Kuruş olarak adlandırılan iri gümüş sikkeler ve küsurlarının Osmanlı toprakla- rına 16. yüzyılda başlayan ithali 17. yüzyıl boyunca devam etmiştir. Yerli ve yabancı araştırmalarla ortaya konmuş olan bu para hareketliliği kısmen Osmanlı kaynaklarından da takip edilebilmektedir. Bu araştırma kuruşların türev ve küsuru niteliğindeki bazı paraların izini Osmanlı arşiv kayıtları ve resmî belgeleri arasında sürebilmek ve kullanılan terminoloji ve izlenebilen kronolojiyi açığa çıkarmak üzere kaleme alınmıştır. Araştırma sonunda literatürde yer bulan ve Osmanlı piyasasında tedavül ettiği bilinen paralardan bazılarının izine Osmanlı kayıtlarında 16. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren rastlanmaya başlandığı; bununla birlikte pek çoğunun 17. yüzyıl başlarından itibaren daha iyi takip edilebildiği; bu paralar arasında Orta Avrupa menşeli olanların önemli yer işgal ettiği; aynı hareketliliğin 17. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında devam ettiği ve aynı dönemde Orta Avrupa sikkeleri kadar Akdeniz yoluyla gelenlerin de dikkat çektiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Ortaya çıkan tablo, dolaylı olarak Osmanlı Devleti’nin Avrupa’daki finans ve para piyasasında meydana gelen değişikliklerden hızlı şekilde etkilendiği ve Avrupa sikkelerinin yol açtığı olumsuz etkileri bertaraf etmekte yer yer yetersiz kaldığı düşüncesinin benimsenmesine de imkân sağlamaktadır.
“Hayatta Kalamayan Güfteler” ya da Geleneğin İcadı: Osmanlı/Türk Müziğinde Bestelerin Devamlılığı Üzerine İki Yeni Makalenin Değerlendirmesi
Authors: Yıldız Abbasoğlu Zeynep
Published: July 2024

Osmanlı/Türk müziği repertuarında yer alan ve Timurlu bestekârı Abdülkadir Merâgî’ye (ö. 1435) atfedilen bestelerin kaynağı üzerine Osmanlı/Türk müziği tarihçileri tarafından pek çok tartışma yürütülmüştür.
TOWARDS A RECOGNISED RIGHT TO A SHARED CULTURE AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL: How Will ASEAN Address Diversity?
Authors: Arsika I Made Budi , Suyatna I Nyoman , Purwani Sagung Putri M.E
Published: July 2024

ASEAN documents have officially upheld the principle of unity in diversity and agreed on the spirit of one identity and community. However, there is a pronounced tendency for ASEAN countries to struggle with each other with several differences, including cultural tensions. This paper aims to analyse the possibility of recognising a regionally shared culture as jointly claimed collective cultural rights by taking the example of Intangible Cultural Heritage ICH. It is designed as legal research applying statutory, historical, conceptual, and comparative approaches. This research collects norms and principles covering the issues of ICH and cultural rights and conducts a literature study, suggesting that cultural rights, which represent the intersecting of cultural and human rights aspects, have yet to be fully understood as collective cultural rights. ICH is an example of how ASEAN countries are sometimes heated up in non-harmony relations. The possibility of recognising a regionally shared culture in the context of collective cultural rights then, more or less, relies on the ongoing development of the Narrative of ASEAN Identity, the routine convening of human rights dialogues, and the initiation of the ASEAN Cultural Heritage List. These findings are then expected to be considered by ASEAN policymakers.

Dokumen-dokumen ASEAN mencatumkan iktikad untuk menjunjung tinggi prinsip persatuan dalam keberagaman dan menyepakati semangat satu identitas dan komunitas. Dalam kenyatannya, negara-negara anggota ASEAN justru bergelut dengan sejumlah persoalan antara negara yang satu dengan negara lainnya, termasuk mengenai ketegangan budaya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemungkinan mengakui budaya bersama secara regional sebagai hak budaya kolektif yang diklaim bersama dengan mengambil contoh warisan budaya tak benda (WBTB). Artikel ini dirancang sebagai penelitian hukum yang menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, sejarah, konsep, dan perbandingan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan norma-norma dan prinsip-prinsip yang mengatur isu WBTB dan hak budaya serta melakukan studi literatur. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa hak budaya, yang mewakili persilangan antara aspek budaya dan hak asasi manusia (HAM), belum sepenuhnya dipahami sebagai hak budaya kolektif. WBTB menjadi contoh bagaimana negara-negara ASEAN terkadang berada dalam hubungan yang tidak harmonis antara satu dengan lainnya. Adapun kemungkinan untuk mengakui budaya bersama secara regional dalam konteks hak budaya kolektif dapat disandarkan pada pengembangan Narasi Identitas ASEAN, penyelenggaraan dialog HAM secara rutin, dan upaya pembentukan Daftar Warisan Budaya ASEAN. Temuan-temuan ini diharapkan dapat dipertimbangkan oleh para pengambil kebijakan di ASEAN.
Gambaran motivasi berprestasi pada mahasiswa setelah mengikuti program Pertukaran Mahasiswa Merdeka (PMM)
Authors: Rahman Yunita , Wafa Iqbal Ali
Published: July 2024

The Student Exchange Program influences student achievement motivation. The article explains that after participating in the program it brings achievement motivation to students. The participants in this study were four students. This study uses the phenomenological method. This data collection uses four steps: interview transcripts, koding, categorization, and sub-theme conclusions. The results of this study found that, First, how the experience can encourage various aspects such as reinforcement and self-confidence in achievement motivation. Second, these things become achievement motivation that shape the process of self-development in students to develop talents. Third, how the program becomes a motivating factor for students to achieve achievements by having high responsibility, taking risks, and existence in lifeKEY WORDS:  Achievement motivation; reinforcements; develop talent ABSTRAKProgram Pertukaran Mahasiswa mempengaruhi motivasi berprestasi mahasiswa. Dari artikel menjelaskan kalau setelah mengikuti program tersebut membawa motivasi berprestasi pada mahasiswa. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah empat mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode fenomenologi. Pengumpulan data ini menggunakan empat langkah: transkrip wawancara, koding, kategorisasi, dan kesimpulan sub-tema. Hasil dari penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa, Pertama, bagaimana pengalaman tersebut dapat mendorong berbagai aspek seperti reinforcement dan kemampuan percaya diri dalam motivasi berprestasi. Kedua, hal-hal tersebut menjadi motivasi berprestasi yang membentuk proses pengembangan diri pada mahasiswa untuk mengembangkan bakat. Ketiga, bagaimana program tersebut menjadi faktor pendorong bagi mahasiswa untuk meraih prestasi dengan memiliki tanggung jawab yang tinggi, megambil risiko, dan eksistensi hidupKATA KUNCImotivasi berprestasi; penguatan; mengembangkan bakat  Copyright ©2024. The Authors. Published by Journal of Indonesian Psychological Science (JIPS). This is an open access article under the CC BY NO SA. link: CreativeCommons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International — CCBY-NC-SA 4.0
Cabildos indígenas y ayuntamientos constitucionales: el gobierno local de los pueblos de Chiapas durante el periodo Centralista, 1836-1855
Authors: Palomo Infante María Dolores
Published: July 2024

Las autoridades y gobiernos locales indígenas estuvieron presentes después de la independencia en la vida de los pueblos, estas tuvieron un mayor protagonismo durante los periodos en los que los políticos conformaron gobiernos centralistas. Se analizó el cobro de contribuciones, ramo imprescindible para la hacienda estatal, que estaba a cargo de los ayuntamientos. Durante los periodos de gobierno centralista, a nivel nacional, cuyas políticas se reflejaron en el estado de Chiapas, estos ayuntamientos perdieron importancia y redujeron su número, lo que hizo que algunos pueblos quedaran sin instancia, que centralizara la recaudación de las contribuciones directas y la capitación. También durante estos periodos, se autorizó la conformación de cabildos en los lugares donde fuera necesario. Esta autorización se relacionó con la necesidad de agilizar la recaudación fiscal. Este hecho abrió una puerta importante a las autoridades indígenas, que desde la antigüedad ya habían colaborado en el cobro de tributos, para continuar gestionando los asuntos de sus pueblos.
The effects of music on group motivation and team cohesion among novice to intermediate collegiate rowers
Authors: Orzel Maksymilian
Published: July 2024

Within university level sport, the opportunity to form friendships, connect and create a sense of enjoyment is fundamental to the student experience. The use of music has been shown to have a positive motivational influence within individual and group physical activity settings when engaging in anaerobic activities. Furthermore, team cohesion can be positively influenced by group music self-selection. Within rowing, music with a high number of beats per minute (bpm) has shown to positively affect performance on an indoor rowing machine. Research within this area has primarily provided its focus towards exercisers or teams within an elite performance setting. Therefore, the aims of this study were to explore whether the introduction of music, through group self-selection and playback can have a positive effect upon the group motivation and team cohesion on novice to intermediate level university rowers when encountering a team anaerobic activity. Twenty novice and intermediate university-level rowers from the same participating university rowing club completed the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) and subsequently a team relay of 2000 m, rowing 500 m each in groups of four, with no music stimulus. Eleven music tracks were selected based upon favoured bands or genres of those rowers, and that they contained at least 152 bpm. Tracks were subsequently presented to the participants who were asked to rate the effectiveness of the audio in terms of motivation and cohesion using the Brunel Group Music Rating Inventory (BGMRI). These scores determined the order of the tracks played for the repeat of the team relay. Once completed, the GEQ was readministered. All measures were used in conjunction with institutional ethics approval (33249-A-Feb/2024- 50074-1). A repeated measures MANOVA analysis found a positive difference in one of the four subscales of the GEQ, Group Integration – Social (GI-S; P = 0.03) F1,19 = 5.54, P < 0.05, Hp2 = 0.27). Surprisingly, a supplementary t-test demonstrated a negative difference in the average number of strokes per minute (spm) during the relay t19 = 2.85, P = 0.01. Whilst the data does not replicate previously reported findings when introducing music to anaerobic indoor rowing training, the significant improvement in GI-S scores highlight some real-world implications. With an understanding of the importance of social cohesion in a university environment and the crucial impact sport can create, there is potential to develop a more robust intervention as a social tool first, before becoming a performance enhancement mechanism.
EFFORT TO INCREASE SELF-ESTEEM THROUGH POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR ADOLESCENT VICTIMS OF DIVORCE
Authors: KHOIRUNNISAK ITAK , NIHAYAH ULIN , FAIZA ALGHIFAHMY AYU
Published: July 2024

This research aims to explain the effectiveness of positive reinforcement in efforts to increase self-esteem in adolescent victims of divorce. The method used in this research is qualitative with a case study approach and descriptive analysis. This research found that: 1) Positive reinforcement is very influential in the development of self-esteem in teenagers who are victims of divorce. This research found that positive reinforcement is an effective technique in increasing and maintaining behavior; 2) A high level of self-esteem during adolescence greatly influences the process of self-acceptance and success of the adolescent in the future, and vice versa, a low level of self-esteem influences the failure of self-acceptance and the adolescent's future. 3) One of the factors that influences the development of self-esteem is relationships with other people, especially parents, family, friends and the community environment; 4) Characteristics of teenagers who have low self-esteem include: low self-esteem, no self-confidence, having a negative self-concept, even self-harm. Meanwhile, the characteristics of teenagers who have high self-esteem are feeling confident, confident in the decisions they make, having a positive self-concept, and being able to accept the negative fate of life to become a better person. Research recommends that parents, teachers, and stakeholders provide emotional support, maintain open communication, and seek professional help if necessary to help teens overcome the negative impact of divorce on their self-esteem. The research concluded that positive reinforcement is an effective technique in increasing self-esteem in adolescent victims of divorce.
FOSTERING ATTITUDES OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN STUDENTS THROUGH MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING
Authors: MARHAYATI NELLY , CHANDRA PASMAH
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this article is to complement previous studies that have discussed multicultural counseling. Where previous studies discussed fostering an inclusive religious attitude through multicultural counseling and there was also a discussion about multicultural counseling to prevent terrorist behavior. Referring to the previous two studies, in this paper, researchers try to understand the views of Islamic guidance and counseling students, about multicultural counseling in order to analyze religious moderation attitudes in students as prospective Muslim counselors. This study collected empirical data through open-ended questions with g-form assistance from 14 final semester students of the BKI study program of UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu.  Based on the informant's answer, it was found that the attitude toward religious moderation has grown in students, this is seen from the answers of informants who accept differences and consider differences to be common, unique, interesting, and a challenge for a Muslim counselor and they will still accept clients who have different backgrounds both religious, racial and cultural even if they have the status of a Muslim counselor in the future. The weakness of this study has not been found to be an answer to what kind of counseling strategies will be carried out in dealing with clients who have different backgrounds with counselors. Through this research, it is hoped that it will contribute to the scientific development of Islamic Counseling Guidance, especially in developing multicultural counseling as a means to instill an attitude of religious moderation in society.
IMPLICATIONS OF MADRASA GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICES TO PREVENT CHILD MARRIAGE IN CENTRAL LOMBOK REGENCY
Authors: Wahid Lalu Abdurrachman
Published: July 2024

This study aims to detail the implementation of counseling services in Madrasas, examine the obstacles hindering these services, and propose measures to overcome these challenges to prevent child marriages in Central Lombok Regency. Adopting a qualitative research design with a descriptive approach, the research was carried out at MAN 1 Lombok Tengah and MTsN 1 Lombok Tengah. Primary data were obtained through observations and interviews with students, counseling teachers, and Madrasa leaders, while secondary data were sourced from documentation. The data analysis involved reduction, presentation, verification, and conclusion drawing. The results reveal that counseling services in Madrasas, which include essential services, specialized and individual planning services, responsive services, and systemic support, play a significant role in preventing child marriages. Internal barriers to effective counseling include the insufficient competency and experience of counseling teachers, health and age-related issues, lack of motivation and work discipline, and suboptimal planning and execution of counseling services. External barriers include inadequate facilities and infrastructure, poor coordination between Madrasa leadership and local authorities and related institutions, a shortage of counseling teachers, economic instability, and low awareness and participation from students and parents. To address these challenges, counseling teachers and Madrasa leaders have undertaken various initiatives. Successfully preventing and reducing child marriages requires the concerted effort of all school personnel and external stakeholders, including parents and relevant institutions.
INFORMATION SERVICES AND PREMARITAL GUIDANCE TO IMPROVE SELF-PREPARATION FOR MARRIAGE
Authors: Zainul Majdi M. Zuhdi , Hikmah Suburiah Aan , Suhaili Suhaili
Published: July 2024

Marriage is the nature of all humans. Wedding preparations need to be understood by individuals and couples because they have an impact, including the desire to live a happy life. Teenagers' inability to control their emotions, make decisions, and understand themselves will make their married life less harmonious. Before marriage occurs, pre-marital information and guidance services are needed to achieve happiness in domestic life. The research aims to determine whether premarital information and guidance services effectively increase self-preparation for marriage. The research uses an experimental research one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects were 14 people aged 17 to 18 divided into two groups—sampling using purposive sampling. The instrument used in data collection was the marriage preparation scale. Data analysis uses test statistics. The research results show that there is an influence of premarital information and guidance services on increasing self-preparation for marriage. Furthermore, it was found that premarital guidance was more effective than information services in growing self-preparation of marriage.
Satisfacción vital, participación cívica y actitudes de estudiantes peruanos de enfermería hacia el adulto mayor
Authors: Bello Vidal Catalina , Landauro Rojas Isolina Gloria , Cortez Cuaresma Gloria , Muñoz Moreno Karla , Saez Alania Miluska , Villanueva Benites Maritza Evangelina
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Determinar si la satisfacción vital y la participación cívica son predictores de las actitudes de los estudiantes de enfermería hacia el adulto mayor. Material y Métodos: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo correlacional en una muestra de 588 estudiantes de enfermería de seis universidades provenientes de la Costa, Sierra y Selva de Perú; se aplicó una encuesta con las escalas SWLS, CCPC y KOGAN, que presentaron una confiabilidad de 0,89, 0,70, 0,92 respectivamente. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 23 (±5,9) años, 82,7% fueron mujeres, 41.7% residen en la sierra, 31.5% en selva y 26,9% en la costa; en el 40,5% de hogares hay por lo menos un familiar mayor de 60 años, el 72,6% de estudiantes presentaron alto grado de satisfacción por la vida, y 78,4% mostraron actitudes positivas hacia los adultos mayores. En las tres regiones la satisfacción vital y la participación cívica explican la actitud del estudiante de enfermería frente al adulto mayor. Los modelos de regresión muestran un efecto mediano para las regiones de costa y selva, y un efecto negativo grande para la sierra (ƒ2 > 0,35) al predecir las actitudes. Los estudiantes de la selva o los mayores de 26 años presentaron mayor actitud positiva frente al adulto mayor. Conclusiones: 1 de 4 estudiantes de enfermería incurren en edadismo, siendo su perfil tener baja satisfacción por la propia vida, residir en la Sierra y no participar en solucionar problemas que atañen a su comunidad.
Erişkin Bağışıklamada Kaçan Fırsatlar
Authors: Kahraman Hasip
Published: July 2024

Çocukluk dönemi aşı programlarının yaygın kullanımı ile çok sayıda bulaşıcı hastalığın morbidite ve mortalitesi önemli ölçüde azaltılabilmiştir ancak erişkin yaş grubunda aşı ile önlenebilir hastalıklar halen önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, aşılama endikasyonu bulunan erişkin yaş grubundaki kişilerin altta yatan risk faktörlerine göre aşılanma oranlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada 01.04.2024-30.04.2024 tarihleri arasında enfeksiyon hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuran 18 yaş ve üzeri olgular retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Olguların yaş grupları veya altta yatan risk faktörlerine (diyabet, malignite, kronik akciğer, renal veya kardiyak hastalık, sağlık çalışanı vb.) göre aşılama endikasyonları ve aşılama oranları değerlendirildi. Polikliniğimizde değerlendirilen 495 olgunun %56'sını kadın hastalar oluştururken, yaş ortalaması 46,1 ± 18,1 yıl idi. Olguların %19,6'sı 65 yaş ve üzerindeydi ve %15,2'sinin aşılanmaya engel bir durumu bulunmaktaydı. Polikliniğe başvuran 177 kişide kronik hastalık saptanmazken, 201 olguda bir, 117 olguda ise iki veya daha fazla kronik hastalık mevcuttu. Kronik hastalıklar arasında en yaygın olanlar diyabet, hipertansiyon, HIV, otoimmün hastalıklar ve malignitelerdi. Olguların son 10 yıl içindeki aşılama durumlarına göre en yaygın uygulanan aşılar Covid-19, difteri/tetanoz ve pnömokok aşılarıydı. Aşılama endikasyonları benzer olmasına rağmen, tüm hasta gruplarında influenza aşısının pnömokok aşısına kıyasla daha düşük seviyelerde uygulandığı görüldü. Sağlık hizmeti sunucularının erişkin aşılaması konusunda farkındalıklarını artırmak, erişkin bağışıklama polikliniklerinde danışmanlık hizmetlerinin güçlendirilmesi, aşıya erişim kolaylığının sağlanması ve toplum bilincinin artırılması aşılamada kaçan fırsatların önüne geçilmesinde önemli bir katkı sağlayacaktır.
Robotic approaches to breast reconstruction
Authors: Hammond Jacob B. , Egan Katie G. , Selber Jesse C.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this manuscript is to fully characterize modern approaches to robotic breast reconstruction. The authors review and describe preoperative planning, operative anatomy & techniques, and clinical outcomes regarding robotic breast reconstruction. In the modern era of robotic surgery, many of the beneficial outcomes in other surgical specialties also apply to breast reconstruction. When comparing outcomes between traditional and robotic latissimus flap reconstruction, a robotic approach is associated with a shorter hospital length of stay, lower postoperative opioid requirements, and higher patient satisfaction. For robotic DIEP flap reconstruction, outcomes from several studies also report favorable results with no flap losses, intraabdominal complications, or postoperative hernia/bulge. Although barriers exist regarding this technology, robotic latissimus and DIEP flap reconstruction can be safely learned and applied with thoughtful patient selection and preoperative planning. Robotic breast reconstruction facilitates a minimally invasive approach that decreases donor-site morbidity, length of stay, and opioid requirements, and even improves patient satisfaction.
ADVANCED PROCESSING OF ELECTROCHEMICAL DATA IN SQUARE-WAVE VOLTAMMETRY
Authors: Mirceski Mirceski
Published: July 2024

The processing of data in voltammetry is crucial for extracting mechanistic and kinetic information about the electrode reaction under study. One of the most advanced pulse-voltammetric techniques, square-wave voltammetry (SWV), allows for the investigation of electrode mechanisms, measurement of fast electron transfer reaction rates, and quantitative detection of redox species at sub-micromolar concentration levels. To ensure reliable comparison and fitting of experimental and theoretical data, several ideas for appropriate data processing have been proposed, considering the differences between experimentally accessible current and the dimensionless current function used in the theory and mathematical modeling of electrode processes in SWV. Significantly, in the context of advanced and recently introduced double-sampled square-wave voltammetry, a novel methodology for data analysis has been introduced. This methodology transforms the conventional current-potential function (i.e., voltammogram) into a current-current function, analogous to complex numbers. By employing this methodology, the accessible kinetic interval is extended, allowing for the measurement of very fast, virtually reversible electrode reactions characterized by a standard rate constant as high as 0.1 cm s–1.
Evaluating the predictive potential of RSM and ANN models in treatment of greywater-syrup mixture using Ekowe clay-PEM microbial fuel cell
Authors: Obasi Livinus A. , Nevo Cornelius O.
Published: July 2024

This study provides a comparative evaluation of the ability of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the performance of microbial fuel cell (MFC) driven by greywater-syrup substrate system as anolyte with respect to power generation and wastewater treatment. Fourier transform infrared instrumental analysis of the substrate shows the functional groups of compounds present. A 24 central composite design and a three-layered (4:n:1) feedforward ANN architecture trained by a backpropagation algorithm were used to study and predict the MFC process performance criteria. The ANN gave the best prediction with n = 10 neurons. The response variables (power density generation (mW/m2) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency (%)) were measured against four process input variables: mass of the clay component of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) (g), PEM preparation temperature (PPT), anolyte pH, and concentration. Optimal responses with respect to power density and COD removal of 88.3 mW/m2 and 95.2% were recorded at the values of 70 g, 300°C, 8.5, and 66.9 v/v for mass of clay, PPT, pH, and anolyte concentration, respectively. The power density and COD removal predictive abilities of the ANN and RSM models were evaluated in terms of error functions: root mean square error (RMSE) (0.512; 0.0557), chi-square (0.0510; 0.1240), model predictive error (MPE) (0.3326; 0.3526), and coefficient of determination (R2) (0.9954; 0.9051) and RMSE (0.0272; 0.0707), chi-square (0.0280; 0.181), MPE (0.08242; 0.1569), and R2 (0.9932; 0.9245), respectively. These results indicate the superiority of the ANN in predicting the performance of the MFC over the RSM.
Correlation between MELD Score and Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ludușanu Andreea , Ciuntu Bogdan Mihnea , Tanevski Adelina , Bernic Valentin , Tinica Grigore
Published: July 2024

1) Background- Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a common surgical intervention for patients with severe coronary artery disease. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score has been widely used to predict mortality risk in patients with end-stage liver disease, but its utility in predicting postoperative outcomes in cardiac surgery patients is less well-established. 2) Methods-This retrospective study aims to investigate the association between preoperative MELD score and post-operative complications, length of hospital stay, and mortality in patients under-going coronary artery bypass grafting. This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary care academic medical center. The study includes all adult patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting between January 2011 and December 2020. Preoperative MELD scores were calculated for each patient, and postoperative outcomes including major ad-verse cardiac events, length of hospital stay, and 30-day mortality was assessed. To ensure a homogeneous study cohort, we excluded patients who underwent emergent cardiac procedures or had incomplete data necessary for the calculation of MELD scores and assessment of postoperative outcomes. Data was extracted from the electronic medical records, including patient de-mographics, comorbidities, preoperative laboratory values, operative details, and postoperative outcomes. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board, and the require-ment for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.3) Results- This study reveals a statistical association between the MELD score calculated at admission and the length of hospital stay, duration in the ICU, patient age, and the duration of aortic clamping and extracorporeal circulation. Specifically, there is an exponential increase in the MELD score corre-lating with the rise in these factors, both collectively and individually, highlighting a significant relationship between the duration of extracorporeal circulation and aortic clamping time. 4) Conclusion-Patients with a high MELD score had an increased risk of postoperative complications and mortality compared to those with a low MELD score. Careful preoperative patient selection and optimization of the patient's clinical condition may improve outcomes in patients with advanced liver disease undergoing cardiac surgery.
Negotiation Dynamics in Procurement: Examining Strategies and Outcomes
Authors: Cooper Mason
Published: July 2024

This qualitative research explores negotiation dynamics within procurement, focusing on strategies, challenges, and outcomes in contemporary business environments. Negotiation in procurement plays a crucial role in shaping organizational strategies, supplier relationships, and operational efficiencies. In a globalized economy characterized by rapid technological advancements and market uncertainties, effective negotiation practices are essential for organizations seeking competitive advantage and sustainable growth. Through semi-structured interviews with procurement professionals, supply chain executives, and industry experts, this study examines the nuanced strategies employed in negotiation processes. Thematic analysis of the data reveals key themes including negotiation strategies (e.g., preparation, flexibility), challenges (e.g., price volatility, regulatory constraints), and outcomes (e.g., cost savings, innovation incentives). Relationship management emerges as pivotal, highlighting the importance of trust, transparency, and mutual respect in fostering collaborative supplier partnerships. The study also explores contextual factors (e.g., organizational culture, industry dynamics) and emotional dimensions (e.g., emotional intelligence, interpersonal dynamics) that influence negotiation effectiveness.
Simulation and Statistical Analysis of Population Dynamics in Evolutionary Systems: A Simulated Study
Authors: Montgomery Richard
Published: July 2024

This project aims to simulate and analyze population dynamics in evolutionary systems, using stochastic differential equations and probabilistic rules for crossbreeding and benefits. The study employs advanced computational techniques to model the evolution of populations over an extended period. Specifically, we explore a scenario with ten distinct groups, each starting with an equal population and evolving under defined genetic and cooperative behaviors. The simulation spans 1000 years, incorporating individual lifespans, stochastic updates, and probabilistic interactions. To ensure robustness and reliability, the study includes detailed statistical analysis, encompassing descriptive statistics, confidence intervals, and ANOVA tests. We further visualize the temporal behavior of populations and subpopulations, providing insights into the evolutionary dynamics and stability of the system. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of balanced cooperation and genetic diversity in maintaining stable population distributions. The project showcases the integration of mathematical modeling, statistical analysis, and computational simulations, contributing valuable insights into evolutionary biology and complex systems. It highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in understanding and predicting population behaviors, with implications for both theoretical research and practical applications in fields such as ecology, genetics, probability and social sciences.
PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE MODERN WORLD’S ECONOMY THROUGH THE INTELLECTUAL LEGACY OF ARISTOTLE
Authors: Zakharov Yevhenii , Tararoev Jkov , Zakharov Vyacheslav
Published: July 2024

The authors of the article, by defining the main characteristics of the modern global economy, engage in its analysis and attempt to understand whether it truly is an economy or rather chrematistics according to Aristotle. Using indicators of "quality of life" and the quantitative ratio of "wealth and poverty" in the world, the authors apply these as equivalents to Aristotle’s concepts of "economy" and "chrematistics." The authors also address the process of "digitalization" of society as a key characteristic of the modern economy (in particular) and as a factor that propels the economy into a new world, adding an ethical dimension to the discourse. At the end of the work, the authors emphasize the necessity of supplementing the classical concepts of "economy" and "chrematistics" with new ethical concepts.
CONTOURS OF THE NOOSPHERE IN THE XXI CENTURY: A LOOK INTO THE FUTURE
Authors: Mishchenko Viktor , Smolyaga Marina
Published: July 2024

The article attempts to comprehend the modern understanding of the noosphere, taking into account both the achievements of mankind in the creation of high technologies and the crisis phenomena that arise in the process of reaching the planetary stage of development. Destructive types of activity and human desire for creation are considered; the dominant types of human activities in relation to nature in different types of civilizations are indicated. The global noospheric aspect of intelligence was discovered, which reveals the noospheric unity of nature and humanity; content of noospheric intelligence as a civilizational asset; it shows the signs of noosphericity in the intellectuality of the individual; we foresee four stages of formation and development of noosphere society.
The Influence of the Shafie School on Fatwa Methodologies in Malaysia: Toward the Unity of Ummah’s Objective
Authors: Harun Muhammad Safwan , Ali Abdul Karim , Ahmad Syahir Aminun Nabil
Published: July 2024

Maqāṣid al-shariah, which refers to the aim or goal intended by Islamic law to benefit humankind, is closely related to the issuance of fatwas. This condition raises the question of whether maqāṣid al-shariah is fully considered in the fatwa issuance process in Malaysia. The methodology used in issuing fatwas in Malaysia is unique as the Shafie school is the primary reference, and the methodology aims to create a systematic fatwa management system in preserving unity. However, the approach does not generally embrace maqāṣid al-shariah, such as freedom, and favors an easier option (al-taysīr) to examine diverse views outside the Shafie school. This condition raises questions about the capability of the sectarian methodology practiced in the current issuance of fatwas and whether the fatwa methodology tied to the Shafie school can manifest maqāṣid al-shariah in every law. This paper aims to examine the achievement of maqāṣid al-shariah in the fatwa methodology that contains the strong tradition and influence of the Shafie school. Through inductive, deductive, and comparative document research, this study revealed three main findings. First, maqāṣid al-shariah in the fatwa methodology in Malaysia is applied through shariah arguments parallel with the uṣul al-fiqh framework. Second, the Malaysian fatwa methodology that references the final view of the Shafie school is intended to achieve uniformity and unity among the Muslim-majority community in Malaysia, which coincides with maqṣad wihdatul ummah. Third, when maṣlahah is not achieved in certain circumstances, views of schools other than the Shafie school can be consulted.
The Labyrinth of Technology and the Return to Nature: Vladimir Bibikhin’s Lectures “The Woods” in the Context of Philosophical Posthumanism
Authors: Pavlov Ilia ,   HSE University
Published: July 2024

The article considers the philosophy of nature, presented in the lecture course The Woods (hyle) by Vladimir Bibikhin, in the context of posthumanist philoso­phy as well as contemporary criticism of the technical exploitation of nature. The Woods is analyzed as the implementation of the strategy of “return to na­ture”, which is outlined by Bibikhin in Philosophy and Technology as an alterna­tive to the “labyrinth of technology” and “human imperialism”. That fact indi­cates the connection of The Woods with philosophy of technology. The main themes of the The Woods are highlighted, and the concepts of amechania and automaton are analyzed as the key ones for existential and theoretical dimen­sions of the course. These concepts, introduced in the course Reading Philoso­phy as human existentials, in the The Woods Bibikhin uses to describe the onto­logical categories of nature. Such a double meaning becomes possible due to Bibikhin’s following Heidegger’s idea of being-in-the-world, in which our exi­stence and the world are understood through a hermeneutic circle. At the same time, the difference between Bibikhin’s approach and Heidegger’s one is exam­ined. Furthermore, the author analyzed the similarities and differences between The Woods and philosophical posthumanism and then formulates the conceptual consequences of considering The Woods in the context of posthumanist studies.
Activity Cognitivistics under the Conditions of Digitalization
Authors: Gromyko Yury ,   Schiffers Institute of Advanced Studies, Prosekin Mikhail ,   LLC “Incitylab”
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the key philosophical ideas and principles in the cycle of fundamental works by V.A. Lektorsky devoted to the study and consideration of modern forms of cognition in multifacet and variated social practice. The authors demonstrate that a number of philosophical ideas and conceptual positions pre­sented in the works of the Russian philosopher can become the basis for the next step in the development of activity-based views about the processes of cognition under the conditions of digitalization. As the most important three conceptual positions are emphasized in the article. Firstly, V.A. Lektorsky shows that in the new cognitive research trend of the 4E Cognition, thinking in the form of a semantic suprandividual and transempirical dimension of both conscious­ness and cognition plays an important role, what comes into argument with tradi­tional cognitive science of analytical philosophy, which stands on the positions of naturalism. Secondly, consciousness in the processes of cognition is organized as heterarchical system – it has different types of semantic and categorical hier­archies in different periods of the process of cognition; heterogeneous – includes multifold elements: meanings, signs, symbols, distinctions, schemes, models, concepts, notions, algorithms; heterochronous – several processes unfold simul­taneously in consciousness at different times. At last, V.A. Lektorsky adheres to the position of constructive realism, according to which he asserts the real ex­istence of objects of knowledge independent of human consciousness in the form of social, natural, individual-mental and historical processes. These philosophi­cal ideas and positions as well as some others, that are considered in the article, can be presented as a certain psychological and educational platform for the de­velopment of a meta-subject environment for engineering education.
Psychological Roots of Neo-Kantian Anti-Psychologism. Problem Statement
Authors: Pertsev Alexey ,   Independent Researcher
Published: July 2024

The present text is a supplement to the article “Hermann Cohen’s Philosophy of Mathematics, or What is Wrong with the Marburg Method” published in “Vo­prosy filosofii” (Vol. 2, 2023). That article examined a special form of interpreta­tion of mathematical functions formulated in Herbart’s mathematical psychology and Fechner’s psychophysics and their adjustment as transcendental dominants in Cohen’s epistemology. The purpose of this article is to provide a more rigor­ous justification for the hypothesis that Cohen’s infinitesimal is not a collective notion of natural-scientific construction, but an adaptation of precisely that form of mathematical inference that was briefly fundamental to the philosophical pro­gram of psychology. The way we propose to work with the text is to model the epistemological mechanics, and to analyze the theoretical result to which it leads. The author is not trying to present Cohen’s philosophy as a strictly psy­chological concept or as a complement to Fechner’s psychophysics. Neverthe­less, it seems to be important to achieve clear understanding of precisely at what theoretical level and time span the psychological foundations of Neo-Kantianism are indisputable and at what time span they are not. The author’s research posi­tion is that convergence with psychological theory is typical of the entire Neo-Kantian movement at its early stage of development, and the value of the failed result of Cohen is to demonstrate the fact that the dereification of substantiality must be followed by the denaturalization of the means by which it is carried out.
The science of consciousness: in search of a paradigm?
Authors: Sushchin Mikhail ,   Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

This article considers some important methodological questions related to the develop­ment of modern science of consciousness: the question of a search for a grand unified theory, determining an optimal explanatory strategy, virtues of computational theories of consciousness. The author draws on the fact of close interaction between the modern consciousness studies and cognitive sciences. Linking the idea of a grand unified theory to the image of paradigm elaborated by Kuhn, the author argues against theoretical monism in both the cognitive sciences and the science of consciousness. It is further ar­gued that choice of an optimal explanatory strategy in both the cognitive sciences and consciousness studies should be determined by the character of the subject matter itself. While in the case of the cognitive sciences the evidence speaks in favor of explanatory pluralism, the science of consciousness may indeed require a unified explanatory strategy. It is asserted that in the absence of breakthroughs in predicting novel empirical phenom­ena or unintended explanations of known facts, etc., the criterion of empirical adequacy should play the key role in theory assessment. Thus, currently, computational and other theories of consciousness should be primarily judged by their empirical adequacy and not by their potential falsifiability. The latter should be understood as a methodological regu­lative principle, but not as a panacea for improving theories or a demarcation criterion.