bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making Sense of, and Responding Sensibly to, Psychosis
Authors: Read John
Published: March 2018

This article argues that words like “psychosis” and “schizophrenia” create the illusion of an explanation for certain behaviors and thoughts but actually explain nothing. Hearing distressing voices and feeling very paranoid do not occur because someone has something called “schizophrenia” that causes them to act in certain ways, although many psychiatrists still cling to this delusion. The behaviors and thoughts that experts in some cultures label psychotic or schizophrenic are usually understandable reactions to our life events and circumstances. So rather than ask, “What is wrong with you?” and “What shall we call it?” It is more sensible, and useful, to ask, “What happened to you?” and “What do you need?”
Twenty-three-year trend in firearm deaths in the Transkei subregion of South Africa (1993–2015)
Authors: Meel Banwari
Published: March 2018

Background

Firearm-related deaths are a serious public-health problem in South Africa, which has the second-highest rate of firearm-related deaths in the world.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the trend in firearm deaths in the Transkei subregion of South Africa.

Method

An autopsy record review study was conducted at the Forensic Pathology Laboratory at Mthatha over a period of 23 years (1993–2015).

Results

Over a 23-year period (1993–2015), 27,036 autopsies were performed at the Mthatha Forensic Pathology Laboratory on people who had died from unnatural causes. Of these, 3935 (14.2%) deaths were related to firearm injuries. The average gunshot death rate during the study period was 29/100,000 of the population annually. The majority (3236; 82%) were males, among whom the death rate was 24.4/100,000 of the population per year. The rate of gunshot deaths was 27/100,000 of the population in 1993, while in 2015 it was 12.8/100,000. About a third (1207; 31%) of victims were between 21 and 30 years of age.

Conclusion

The gunshot death rate is at an unacceptably high level in the Transkei subregion of South Africa, especially among young people.
At the Dawn of Swiss E-Government: Planning and Use of a Unique Identifier in the Public Administration in the 1970s
Authors: Brugger Jérôme
Published: March 2018

The article explores some of the conceptual discussions on information and communications technology (ICT) use in public administration in the 1970s. Based on ICT-maturity models, the interagency cooperation plans and their failed implementation are analyzed. This case study focuses on the discussions on the utilization of a unique identifier in Swiss public administration and describes the key concepts as well as the actual developments in this specific case. While the chosen approaches for shared use of resources encountered cultural and organizational limitations along with technical difficulties, new organizational practices for coordination and standardization were created and showed first results.
Assessing the Impact of Deliberative Democratic Initiatives at the Local Level: A Framework for Analysis
Authors: Michels Ank , Binnema Harmen
Published: March 2018

Although deliberative reforms have been proposed to strengthen democracy, little is known about their impact on politics, public policies, and society. This article develops a framework to systematically assess this impact, differentiating between direct and indirect forms of impact. We apply this framework to two cases of deliberative citizens’ summits in the Netherlands. Our analysis reveals that these summits have a limited direct impact on local politics and policy making, but a relatively strong indirect impact on the local community. The article also discusses some conditions that mediate the impact of the forum.
Estimation of the regions of attraction for autonomous nonlinear systems
Authors: Yuan Guoqiang , Li Yinghui
Published: March 2018

A methodology for estimating the region of attraction for autonomous nonlinear systems is developed. The methodology is based on a proof that the region of attraction can be estimated accurately by the zero sublevel set of an implicit function which is the viscosity solution of a time-dependent Hamilton–Jacobi equation. The methodology starts with a given initial domain and yields a sequence of region of attraction estimates by tracking the evolution of the implicit function. The resulting sequence is contained in and converges to the exact region of attraction. While alternative iterative methods for estimating the region of attraction have been proposed, the methodology proposed in this paper can compute the region of attraction to achieve any desired accuracy in a dimensionally independent and efficient way. An implementation of the proposed methodology has been developed in the Matlab environment. The correctness and efficiency of the methodology are verified through a few examples.
Training Strategies for Effective Computerization
Authors: Singh S K
Published: March 2018

Training has been a neglected area in the information systems function. When the technological perspective of the information systems function was dominant, the scope of training was restricted to upgrading/imparting technical skills for implementation of information systems. In recent years, the socio-technical perspective of information systems has gained wider acceptance and the role of training has come into sharper focus.

Information systems-related training has multiple objectives and multiple constituencies. It has to be imparted in stages and must use appropriate tools for the particular objective-constituency configuration. This paper takes a total-system view of information systems-related training and proposes a comprehensive framework to enhance the effectiveness of computerization in organizations.
Bagasse Based Paper and Newsprint in India: Economic and Policy Issues
Authors: Gupta Tirath , Ahuja Vinod
Published: March 2018

The perceptions of absolute scarcity of forest based cellulosic materials and high anticipated demand for paper appear to have been responsible for the policy emphasis on unconventional materials for paper and newsprint making in India. Among the unconventional materials, bagasse has been emphasized through fiscal incentives including excise duty exemptions. Based on a study of seven bagasse based paper and newsprint units, Tirath Gupta and Vinod Ahuja show that enhancing residual bagasse through drying it before firing the boilers and using that material for pulping would be more desirable compared to generating surplus bagasse by installing coal fired boilers at sugar mills. The most desirable and sustainable solution in the long- run, according to them, would be to integrate the production processes of paper and cellulosic materials.
Advertising and Pseudo-Culture
Authors: Yazdanparast Atefeh , Naderi Iman , Spears Nancy , Fabrize Robert O.
Published: March 2018

This study investigates the use of mass media, specifically advertising, in cultural transformation projects to weaken cultures and replace them with a crafted pseudo-culture. We rely on Adorno’s theory of pseudo-culture to examine how political ideologies shape cultural transformation using mass-mediated ad images. Following a content analysis and a semiotic analysis of print advertisements over a period of 48 years, we identify five major themes underlying pseudo-culture formation and the advertising strategies implemented to support these themes. This work also identifies four major tools used in pseudo-culture formation and demonstrates how pseudo-cultures may be formed, promoted, and abolished.
The Role of the Paratenon in Achilles Tendon Healing: A Study in Rats
Authors: Müller Sebastian A. , Evans Christopher H. , Heisterbach Patricia E. , Majewski Martin
Published: March 2018

Background:

The role of the paratenon in tendon healing is unknown. The present study compares healing in the presence or absence of the paratenon in an Achilles tendon defect model in rats.

Hypothesis:

Resection of the paratenon impairs tendon healing.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Sixty skeletally mature Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either a resected paratenon (RP) group or an intact paratenon (IP) group. In all animals, a 4-mm portion of the Achilles tendon was resected in the midsubstance. In the RP group, the paratenon was resected completely. In the IP group, the paratenon was opened longitudinally and closed again after the tendon defect had been created. One, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery, 7 animals per group were tested biomechanically and 3 animals per group examined histologically.

Results:

The recovery of mechanical strength was much more rapid in IP tendons. Tear resistance was significantly increased for IP tendons (41.3 ± 8.8 N and 47.3 ± 14.1 N, respectively) compared with RP tendons (19.3 ± 9.1 N and 33.2 ± 6.4 N, respectively) after 1 and 2 weeks. The cross-sectional area was larger in the IP group after 1 and 2 weeks (8.2 ± 2.3 mm2 and 11.3 ± 3.1 mm2 vs 5.0 ± 2.4 mm2 and 5.9 ± 2.0 mm2, respectively) compared with the RP group. Tendon stiffness was greater in the IP group after 1 week (10.4 ± 1.9 N/mm vs 4.5 ± 1.6 N/mm, respectively) compared with the RP group. In comparison, normal contralateral tendons had a maximal tear resistance of 56.6 ± 7.2 N, a cross-sectional area of 3.6 ± 0.7 mm2, and stiffness of 17.3 ± 3.8 N/mm. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed slightly delayed healing of RP tendons. Early collagen formation was seen in the IP group already after 1 week, whereas in the RP group, this only occurred after 2 weeks. After 4 weeks, the IP tendons showed more collagen crimp formation than the RP tendons.

Conclusion:

An intact paratenon promotes healing of the Achilles tendon.

Clinical Relevance:

Although incision or resection of the paratenon has been advocated when repairing injured or degenerative tendons, our data suggest that the integrity of the paratenon should be preserved.
Effects of a Community-Based Exercise Program on Older Adults’ Physical Function, Activities of Daily Living, and Exercise Self-Efficacy: Feeling Fit Club
Authors: Levy Susan S. , Thralls Katie J. , Goble Daniel J. , Krippes Taylor B.
Published: March 2018

Community-based exercise programs have demonstrated feasibility, yet many lack controlled studies examining their efficacy. This study examined the efficacy of a community-based exercise program, using a controlled design. Participants ( N = 262, Mage = 74.0 years, SD = 8.4) were women (77%) and men recruited from senior centers served by the county Area Agency on Aging. Intervention participants ( n = 133) were newly enrolled in classes. Controls ( n = 129) were recruited from matched sites not offering classes. Validated measures of physical function, exercise self-efficacy, balance, and activities of daily living (ADL) confidence were administered at baseline and 3 months. Significant improvements in upper and lower body strength, aerobic endurance, mobility, exercise self-efficacy, and balance were found in the exercisers but not controls. No changes in ADL confidence occurred in exercisers, while significant decreases occurred in controls. Findings support the efficacy of the county-wide program. Building an evidence base for community-delivered programs should provide impetus for increased dissemination through state and national agencies thereby increasing program impact.
“It’s Like a Cyber-Security Blanket”: The Utility of Remote Activity Monitoring in Family Dementia Care
Authors: Mitchell Lauren L. , Peterson Colleen M. , Rud Shaina R. , Jutkowitz Eric , Sarkinen Andrielle , Trost Sierra , Porta Carolyn M. , Finlay Jessica M. , Gaugler Joseph E.
Published: March 2018

Technologies have emerged that aim to help older persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRDs) remain at home while also supporting their caregiving family members. However, the usefulness of these innovations, particularly in home-based care contexts, remains underexplored. The current study evaluated the acceptability and utility of an in-home remote activity monitoring (RAM) system for 30 family caregivers of persons with ADRD via quantitative survey data collected over a 6-month period and qualitative survey and interview data collected for up to 18 months. A parallel convergent mixed methods design was employed. The integrated qualitative and quantitative data suggested that RAM technology offered ongoing monitoring and provided caregivers with a sense of security. Considerable customization was needed so that RAM was most appropriate for persons with ADRD. The findings have important clinical implications when considering how RAM can supplement, or potentially substitute for, ADRD family care.
Developing a national programme for textiles and clothing recovery
Authors: Bukhari Mohammad Abdullatif , Carrasco-Gallego Ruth , Ponce-Cueto Eva
Published: March 2018

Textiles waste is relatively small in terms of weight as compared to other waste streams, but it has a large impact on human health and environment, and its rate is increasing due to the ‘fast fashion’ model. In this paper, we examine the French national programme for managing post-consumer textiles and clothing through a case study research. To date, France is the only country in the world implementing an extended producer responsibility (EPR) policy for end-of-use clothing, linen and shoes. The case highlights the benefits of using an EPR policy and provides interesting insights about the challenges faced by the textiles waste sector. For instance, the EPR policy has contributed to a threefold increase in the collection and recycling rates of post-consumer textiles since 2006. In addition, the material recovery rate of the post-consumer textiles can reach 90%, 50% of which can be directly reused. However, the ‘reuse’ stream is facing some challenges because its main market is in Africa and many African countries are considering banning the import of used textiles to encourage a competitive textiles industry locally and internationally. The EPR policy shows a great potential to identify new markets for ‘reuse’ and to improve the textiles waste sector. Such an EPR policy also could drive societies to financially support innovation and research to provide feasible solutions for fashion producers to adopt eco-design and design for recycling practices. This paper provides guidance for policy makers, shareholders, researchers and practitioners interested in diverting post-consumer textiles and clothing waste from landfills and promoting circular textiles transition.
Risk Factors for Forced, Incapacitated, and Coercive Sexual Victimization Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Male and Female College Students
Authors: Ray Colleen M. , Tyler Kimberly A. , Gordon Simons Leslie
Published: March 2018

Although college students are at high risk for sexual victimization, the majority of research has focused on heterosexual students and often does not differentiate by victimization type. Thus, little is known about prevalence rates and risk factors for sexual victimization among sexual minority college students and whether the interaction between gender and sexual orientation differs by victimization type. To address these gaps, we examine whether risk factors for three types of sexual victimization (i.e., forced, incapacitated, and coerced) differ by gender ( n = 681 males; n = 732 females) and sexual orientation ( n = 1,294 heterosexual; n = 119 sexual minority) and whether the intersection of gender and sexual orientation is correlated with these three types of sexual victimization among 1,413 college students. Prevalence rate results revealed significant differences between gender and sexual orientation: Sexual minority females had the highest rates of coerced sexual victimization (58%), and their mean was significantly different from the other three groups (i.e., heterosexual females, heterosexual males, and sexual minority males). For both forced and incapacitated sexual victimization, heterosexual males had significantly lower means than the other three groups. Logistic regression results revealed that child sexual abuse increased the odds of experiencing both forced and coerced sexual victimization for both heterosexual and sexual minority students, whereas increased rates of risky sexual behavior were associated with forced and incapacitated sexual victimization but only for heterosexuals. Finally, heavy drinking increased the odds of experiencing incapacitated sexual victimization for both heterosexuals and sexual minorities.
“We Boil at Different Degrees”: Factors Associated With Severity of Attack in Sexual Killing
Authors: Stefanska Ewa B. , Higgs Tamsin , Carter Adam J. , Beech Anthony R.
Published: March 2018

Degree of injury, as measured by the Homicide Injury Scale (HIS), was examined to advance understanding of the dynamics of sexual killing. A total of 350 nonserial, male sexual killers were included, and the different ways that the sexual element of their offenses and the act of killing were connected was accounted for by determining that cases were either directly sexual (the sexual element and killing were closely bound), or indirectly sexual (killing was not a source of sexual stimulation). The two groups, direct and indirect sexual killers, were each subjected to multiple linear regression analyses to examine the group-specific relationship between level of injury and predictor variables previously found to be associated with increased severity of attack. No differences in the mean total HIS scores between the indirect and the direct cases were found, suggesting a comparable emotional intensity between the groups. However, given that the groups differed in terms of the functional role of fatal violence, severity of attack could not be sufficiently explained as driven by anger. In line with this hypothesis, different predictors appeared to be associated with increased degree of injury sustained by victims of indirect compared with direct sexual killers. As such, situational components appear to play a role in the behavior of indirect sexual killers, whereas the behavior of direct perpetrators tends to be linked with the enactment of existing deviant fantasies. The role of anger in sexual homicide is discussed further, and overall, it is argued that irrespective of whether violence was initially driven by anger, evidence of sexual arousal to severe violence must be scrutinized within sexual homicide research as well as in psycholegal contexts.
Stranger Harassment (“Piropo”) and Women’s Self-Objectification: The Role of Anger, Happiness, and Empowerment
Authors: Moya-Garófano Alba , Rodríguez-Bailón Rosa , Moya Miguel , Megías Jesús L.
Published: March 2018

According to objectification theory, women’s habitual exposure to sexually objectifying situations can lead them to internalize a third-person perspective of themselves in physical terms, leading women to adopt an observer’s viewpoint of themselves as a body or collection of body parts that is valued principally for use or consumption by others (i.e., self-objectification). The frequency and/or intensity of situations of female objectification have generally been studied as precedents of self-objectification. Our research analyzes whether direct exposure to a particular objectifying situation, as in the case of verbal stranger harassment (called piropos in Spain), could have these same effects. We tested the consequences of exposure to piropos (vs. a control situation) on body surveillance and body shame in a sample of 329 Spanish women. The impact of verbal harassment on women’s anger, anxiety, happiness, and sense of empowerment was also analyzed. The results of a moderated mediation analysis showed that exposure to piropos increased body shame through body surveillance but only in women who reacted to the piropo with happiness, empowerment, or low levels of anger. The negative effects that objectifying situations (e.g., stranger harassment) may have on women, and the importance of women’s reactions and perceptions of such situations are discussed.
The Impacts of Weight Change and Weight Change Intention on Health-Related Quality of Life in the Korean Elderly
Authors: So Eun Sun
Published: March 2018

Objective: This study aimed to identify the impacts of weight change and weight change intention on health-related quality of life (HRQL) among community-dwelling Korean elderly individuals. Method: Data on those aged 75 years and above from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results: Compared with no weight change, unintentional weight loss was associated with significantly lower adjusted overall HRQL and lower scores in the subdimensions of mobility, pain/discomfort, usual activities, and self-care (in order), whereas intentional weight loss was associated with significantly poorer scores for anxiety/depression. Weight gain showed no statistically significant differences in comparison with no weight change. Discussion: These findings suggest that weight maintenance or weight gain should be recommended rather than weight loss, whether unintentional or intentional, regardless of weight status, to improve HRQL among the elderly.
Theorizing children’s social citizenship: New welfare states and inter-generational justice
Authors: Devine Dympna , Cockburn Tom
Published: March 2018

This article argues that children’s social status and positioning as children needs to be foregrounded in discussions of social citizenship and the re/development of the welfare state against a backdrop of neo-liberal economic and social reform. Set within a theoretical model that highlights the circular and de-centered exercise of power across fields of action, the subject of children’s citizenship, understood as a “citizenship habitus” is explored, taking the exemplar of education and migrant children’s positioning within schools.
A four-step control algorithm and downshift schedule of a seamless shift transmission equipped on electric vehicles during the regenerative braking process
Authors: Tai Yuzhuo , Song Jian , Yu Liangyao , Liu Xiaohui , Lu Zhenghong
Published: March 2018

To improve dynamic performance and energy efficiency of electric vehicles, various methods are adopted, one of which is to equip each electric vehicle with a seamless shift transmission that can maintain comfort. This paper focuses on when to downshift during the regenerative braking process and designs an algorithm to decrease the torque interrupt and reduce the dependence on the changes of friction braking during downshift. First, the author shows a seamless shift transmission structure and builds the dynamic model of the transmission, motor model, vehicle model and so on. Next, a four-step control algorithm of downshifting is proposed, upon which a downshift schedule is created. Finally, on the basis of the above-mentioned methods, a simulation model and a Hardware-in-the-loop test platform are established. The results of the simulation and the Hardware-in-the-loop test show that the algorithm not only maintains the accuracy of control and seamless shift, but also has strong robustness. In addition, the shift schedule also satisfies the needs of dynamic performance, energy efficiency, and comfort.
Backpressure propagation mode and balance property in a rectangular duct
Authors: He Yubao , Huang Hongyan , Yu Daren
Published: March 2018

The backpressure propagation mode accompanied by shock-train evolution is investigated numerically in a rectangular duct with an open space. On this basis, the balance mechanism and parametric effects of heat transfer and skin friction for backpressure propagation are revealed to understand the nature of force competition better. As a result, the backpressure propagation mode can be classified into two different flow processes with increased backpressure. In addition, balance property mechanism reveals that both the momentum inside the boundary layer and the shear force which transfers the momentum from the outer core flow to boundary layer are combined to resist the adverse pressure gradient. Further, parametric effect indicates that varying wall temperatures and roughness heights lead to different degrees of changes in balance property. According to quantitative results, both wall temperature and roughness height decrease the local boundary-layer momentum at the starting point of original pressure rise and thus the local adverse pressure gradient wins the force competition. In the subsequently continuous flow, the adverse pressure gradient continues to propagate upstream and then is retarded gradually by the boundary layer with a fuller velocity profile until a new force balance is generated.
A Second-order Model of Lean Manufacturing Implementation to Leverage Production Line Productivity with the Importance-Performance Map Analysis
Authors: Nawanir Gusman , Fernando Yudi , Teong Lim Kong
Published: March 2018

The objective of this article is to examine the direct path from lean manufacturing (LM) to production line productivity using second-order analysis in a structural equation model (SEM). Data were collected from 236 large manufacturers using a cross-sectional survey. The findings confirmed the positive direct effect of LM practices on production line productivity. The outcome of importance-performance map analysis (IPMA) revealed that the productivity can be leveraged when manufacturing firms are able to produce more than one product model per day with the support of a kanban system to authorize production and material movements. LM supported by a small number of high-performance suppliers leads to improved production line productivity. This study contributes to closing existing gaps of studies investigating the effect of LM on productivity. Practitioners will benefit by understanding the vital constructs of LM practices to improve the overall productivity of a production line.
Understanding the Link Between Discrimination and Juvenile Delinquency Among Chinese Migrant Children
Authors: Li Spencer D. , Xia Yiwei
Published: March 2018

Prior research has identified discrimination as a cause of delinquency among migrant children. Few studies, however, have examined how discrimination is related to delinquency. The current research aims at bringing more understanding to this issue. Based on the general strain theory, this study posits that discrimination facilitates delinquent behavior because it reduces social support, generates negative emotions, and erodes social bonds. To test these hypotheses, this study collected survey data from a probability sample of 1,300 migrant children who attended secondary schools in one of the largest cities in China. Structural equation modeling analysis was conducted to test the direct and indirect effects of discrimination on delinquency. The results show that perceived discrimination reported by the students was positively related to delinquency through all three mediating mechanisms. This study suggests that strengthening social support may provide an effective strategy to reduce delinquency among migrant children in a short and intermediate term while ending discrimination represents a more long-term solution.
Wikis as Online Collaborative Learning Experiences: “A Different Kind of Brainstorming”
Authors: Sharp Laurie A. , Whaley Brigette
Published: March 2018

Online learning has become an established and customary way for adults to learn. Adult educators are challenged with promoting learner engagement through online collaborative teaching practices, such as wiki-based learning experiences. Although much literature was available regarding use of wikis to promote writing processes among adults, little literature was available that explored how use of wikis promotes the thinking that occurs prior to writing. This study used a convergent parallel mixed methods research design to explore the preliminary perceptions of adult learners who participated in wiki-based online collaborative learning experiences as a way to stimulate their thinking for subsequent writing tasks. Participants ( n = 25) were graduate-level learners enrolled in an online educational research course. Data were collected via a pre- and post-questionnaire administered at the inception and conclusion of three wiki-based online collaborative learning experiences. Quantitative data were analyzed using paired samples t tests to explore perceptions of usefulness and ease of use, which resulted in two statistically significant findings. Qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques to explore perceptions related to benefits and challenges with wikis to stimulate thinking, which identified four themes. Findings and limitations of this study were discussed, as well as implications for practitioners.
Coordinating Distributed Memory
Authors: Bivens Kristin Marie , Cook Kelli Cargile
Published: March 2018

This case study of an environmental engineer’s proposal-writing process reveals how the engineer (Beatrice) reifies, archives, and accesses her distributed memory across physical and digital sources in order to write proposals. Based on the authors’ observations of Beatrice’s proposal-writing process and their interviews with her, they arrived at three key conclusions: Beatrice distributes her memory across multiple physical and digital sources, the (spreadsheet) product calculator helps Beatrice to manage her cognitive load and relieve her working memory, and the product calculator allows Beatrice to reassemble her distributed memory and coordinate her cognition.
A New “Shield of the Weak”: Continued Paternalism of Domestic Violence Services in Uruguay
Authors: Bloom Allison
Published: March 2018

Drawing on ethnographic and historical research, this article illuminates the limitations of the Uruguayan domestic violence services system. In spite of how advocates in Uruguay successfully used a human rights platform to secure legislation and services, this system now faces significant critique. Using Iris Marion Young’s work on the “logic of masculinist protection” and historical parallels in Uruguay’s welfare system, I discuss how a paternalistic approach may be to blame. I highlight how this paternalism contributes to the paternalism that problematically underlies gendered violence—reinforcing rather than addressing oppressive ideologies and structures that impede improving conditions for women.
Psychometric Adaptation of the Beck Hopelessness Scale as a Self-Rated Suicide Risk Screening Instrument Among Nigerian University Students
Authors: Aloba Olutayo , Awe Oluwatosin , Adelola Aderopo , Olatunji Philemon , Aloba Tolulope
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND: Globally, suicide is the most important cause of mortality among adolescents and young adults. The factor that correlates most significantly with suicide is hopelessness. OBJECTIVE: The aim is to explore the psychometric adaptation of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) as a suicide risk evaluation tool among Nigerian university students. DESIGN: A total of 554 Nigerian students completed the BHS and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Suicide risk level among them was determined by interviewing them with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Suicidality module. RESULTS: Cronbach’s alpha for the 16-item BHS was 0.87. It exhibited satisfactory concurrent validity with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Suicidality module and the subscales of the DASS among the students. The 2-factor model of the BHS-16 exhibited satisfactory indices of fitness (goodness of fit index = 0.930; parsimonious goodness of fit index = 0.601; comparative fit index = 0.934; incremental fit index = 0.936; Tucker–Lewis index = 0.910; root mean square error of approximation = 0.059; χ2/ df = 1.9). Receiver operating characteristics curve indicated that the best cutoff score for those categorized as high suicide risk was 7 (sensitivity 0.700, specificity 0.908, AUC = 0.897). CONCLUSIONS: The BHS has satisfactory psychometric properties as a suicide risk screening tool among Nigerian university students.
A Mixed Methods Examination of Sleep Throughout the Alcohol Recovery Process Grounded in the Social Cognitive Theory: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Craving
Authors: Brooks Alyssa T. , Krumlauf Michael , Beck Kenneth H. , Fryer Craig S. , Yang Li , Ramchandani Vijay A. , Wallen Gwenyth R.
Published: March 2018

Sleep disturbances can accompany alcohol use disorders during various phases of the disease. This analysis utilized a mixed methods approach to assess whether sleep-related beliefs and/or behavior of individuals who are alcohol dependent were associated with sleep quality both pre- and postdischarge from a clinical research facility providing inpatient alcohol rehabilitation treatment. Individuals with higher self-efficacy for sleep (SE-S) reported better sleep quality at both time points. Individuals with fewer dysfunctional beliefs about sleep had poorer sleep quality at both time points. Individuals with higher unhealthy sleep-related safety behaviors had poorer sleep quality at both time points. In a linear regression model, only the difference in SE-S scores from pre- to postdischarge (β = −.396, p = .01) and the postdischarge Penn Alcohol Craving Score (β = .283, p = .019) significantly predicted the change in sleep quality. Thus, those whose SE-S scores increased and those with lower postdischarge craving scores were more likely to experience a decrease on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores from pre- to postdischarge even after controlling for covariates. References to behavior or personal factors were often discussed during the qualitative interviews in tandem with the environment. Participants reported both (1) self-medicating anxiety with alcohol and (2) self-medicating the inability to fall asleep with alcohol. Given the success of behavioral sleep interventions in various populations and the unique potential contributions of mixed methods approaches to examine sleep and alcohol use, assessing sleep-related cognitions and behaviors of individuals with severe alcohol use disorders may be important in understanding sleep quality and subsequent relapse.
Comparing Weight Loss–Maintenance Outcomes of a Worksite-Based Lifestyle Program Delivered via DVD and Face-to-Face: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Ing Claire Townsend , Miyamoto Robin E. S. , Fang Rui , Antonio Mapuana , Paloma Diane , Braun Kathryn L. , Kaholokula Joseph Keawe‘aimoku
Published: March 2018

Background. Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders have high rates of overweight and obesity compared with other ethnic groups in Hawai‘i. Effective weight loss and weight loss–maintenance programs are needed to address obesity and obesity-related health inequities for this group. Aims. Compare the effectiveness of a 9-month, worksite-based, weight loss–maintenance intervention delivered via DVD versus face-to-face in continued weight reduction and weight loss maintenance beyond the initial weight loss phase. Method. We tested DVD versus face-to-face delivery of the PILI@Work Program’s 9-month, weight loss–maintenance phase in Native Hawaiian–serving organizations. After completing the 3-month weight loss phase, participants ( n = 217) were randomized to receive the weight loss–maintenance phase delivered via trained peer facilitators or DVDs. Participant assessments at randomization and postintervention included weight, height, blood pressure, physical functioning, exercise frequency, and fat intake. Results. Eighty-three face-to-face participants were retained at 12 months (74.1%) compared with 73 DVD participants (69.5%). There was no significant difference between groups in weight loss or weight loss maintenance. The number of lessons attended in Phase 1 of the intervention (β = 0.358, p = .022) and baseline systolic blood pressure (β = −0.038, p = .048) predicted percent weight loss at 12 months. Discussion and Conclusion. Weight loss maintenance was similar across groups. This suggests that low-cost delivery methods for worksite-based interventions targeting at-risk populations can help address obesity and obesity-related disparities. Additionally, attendance during the weight loss phase and lower baseline systolic blood pressure predicted greater percent weight loss during the weight loss–maintenance phase, suggesting that early engagement and initial physical functioning improve long-term weight loss outcomes.
Social Environmental Correlates of Health Behaviors in a Faith-Based Policy and Environmental Change Intervention
Authors: Hermstad April , Honeycutt Sally , Flemming Shauna StClair , Carvalho Michelle L. , Hodge Tarccara , Escoffery Cam , Kegler Michelle C. , Arriola Kimberly R. Jacob
Published: March 2018

Diet and physical activity are behavioral risk factors for many chronic diseases, which are among the most common health conditions in the United States. Yet most Americans fall short of meeting established dietary and physical activity guidelines. Faith-based organizations as settings for health promotion interventions can affect members at multiple levels of the social ecological model. The present study investigated whether change in the church social environment was associated with healthier behavior at church and in general at 1-year follow-up. Six churches received mini-grants and technical assistance for 1 year to support policy and environmental changes for healthy eating (HE) and physical activity (PA). Socioenvironmental (social support and social norms) and behavioral (HE and PA at church and in general) outcomes were derived from baseline and 1-year follow-up church member surveys ( n = 258). Three of six churches demonstrated significant improvements in all three socioenvironmental aspects of HE. Two of five churches exhibited significant socioenvironmental improvements for PA at follow-up. Church social environmental changes were related to health behaviors at church and in general ( p < .05). Change in social support for HE, social support for PA, and social norms for PA were each associated with three church-based and general behavioral outcomes. Social norms for healthy eating were related to two general behavior outcomes and social norms for unhealthy eating to one general behavioral outcome. Study findings demonstrate that socioenvironmental characteristics are essential to multilevel interventions and merit consideration in designing policy and environmental change interventions.
Masculinity in the Midst of Mindfulness: Exploring the Gendered Experiences of At-risk Adolescent Boys
Authors: Lomas Tim , Garraway Ellie , Stanton Chloe , Ivtzan Itai
Published: March 2018

Teenage boys are a source of considerable concern in society, with generally poorer health, educational, and social outcomes than their female counterparts. Of particular concern are “at-risk” adolescents, who by definition are liable to poorer outcomes than peers not deemed at-risk. However, there are indications that activities such as mindfulness may offer opportunities for such adolescents to negotiate more positive constructions of masculinity. This study piloted a new four-week mindfulness-based intervention, created specifically for a group of eight at-risk adolescent boys at a school in London. In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with participants before and after the intervention and analyzed using grounded theory. The data revealed an overarching theme of “pressure control.” Participants depicted themselves as facing multiple pressures, many of which related to making the difficult transition from childhood to adulthood. However, the context of the intervention enabled them to generate a masculine construction in which they were able to reclaim agency and self-control. Notably, such control was often exercised in the direction of facilitating emotional connection and agility, thus subverting traditional masculine expectations. The results show that at-risk adolescent boys are capable of more nuanced and skilled emotional competencies than they are often given credit for.
Carotid Consensus Panel duplex criteria can replace modified University of Washington criteria without affecting accuracy
Authors: Kim Ann H , Augustin Gener , Shevitz Andrew , Kim Hannah , Trivonovich Michael R , Powell Alexis R , Kumins Norman , Tarr Robert , Kashyap Vikram S
Published: March 2018

The decision to intervene for internal carotid stenosis often depends on the degree of stenosis seen on duplex ultrasound (US). The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of two criteria: modified University of Washington (UW) and 2003 Carotid Consensus Panel (CCP). All patients undergoing US in an accredited (IAC) vascular laboratory from January 2010 to June 2015 were reviewed ( n=18,772 US exams). Patients receiving a neck computed tomography angiography (CTA) within 6 months of the US were included in the study ( n=254). The degree of stenosis was determined by UW/CCP criteria and confirmed on CTA images using North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET)/European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST) schema. Kappa analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to determine duplex–CTA agreement. A total of 417 carotid arteries from 221 patients were assessed in this study. The modified UW criteria accurately classified 266 (63.9%, kappa = 0.321, 95% CI 0.255 to 0.386) cases according to NASCET-derived measurements. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy at ≥ 60% stenosis were 65.7%, 81.3%, and 81.9%. The CCP criteria resulted in 296 (70.9%) accurate diagnoses (kappa = 0.359, 95% CI 0.280 to 0.437). At ≥ 70% stenosis, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 38.8%, 91.6%, and 87.1% for NASCET. Comparison of the duplex results to ECST-derived CTA measurements revealed a similar trend (UW 53.1%, κ = 0.301 vs CCP 62.1%, κ = 0.315). The CCP criteria demonstrate a higher concordance rate with measurements taken from CTAs. The CCP criteria may be more sensitive in classifying clinically significant degrees of stenosis without a loss in diagnostic accuracy.
Endovascular iliocaval reconstruction for the treatment of iliocaval thrombosis: From imaging to intervention
Authors: Hage Anthony N , Srinivasa Ravi N , Abramowitz Steven D , Cooper Kyle J , Khaja Minhaj S , Barnes Geoff D , Chick Jeffrey Forris Beecham
Published: March 2018

Thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and iliac veins, known as iliocaval thrombosis, is a common cause of significant morbidity. Patients with chronic iliocaval obstruction often present with life-limiting occlusive symptoms secondary to recurrent lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, swelling, pain, venous stasis ulcers, or phlegmasia. Endovascular iliocaval reconstruction is a technically successful procedure that results in favorable clinical outcomes and stent patency rates with few complications and is often able to relieve debilitating symptoms in affected patients. This review presents an approach to endovascular iliocaval stent reconstruction in patients suffering from chronic iliocaval thrombosis, including background, patient selection, timing of intervention, procedural steps, technical considerations, patient follow-up, and a brief review of outcomes. Schematic illustrations and clinical cases outlining iliocaval stent reconstruction and crossing chronic venous occlusions have been provided.
Organizational Psychological Capital During Earnings Conference Calls: Mitigating Shareholders’ Sell-Off in the Face of Earnings Surprises?
Authors: Jancenelle Vivien E.
Published: March 2018

Publicly traded firms release their earnings figures quarterly, and subsequently hold earnings conference calls where top managers can comment on firm strategy. Markets are particularly sensitive to earnings surprises, and conference calls are becoming an increasingly useful tool capable of mitigating shareholders’ negative reactions to surprises on earnings. This article argues that top managers who cue organizational-level positive psychological capital (PsyCap) are likely to mitigate investors’ reactions unanticipated changes in earnings. The developed hypotheses draw on arguments from the incremental useful information perspective, upper echelons theory, and the PsyCap literature. The analysis relies on a longitudinal data set composed of 1,920 observations including calls held for firms listed on the S&P 500 for all quarters of 2015. Computer-assisted text analysis is used to assess cues of organizational PsyCap included within each call, and event-study methodology is used to assess market performance. The findings suggest that organizational PsyCap mitigates stockholders’ negative reaction to earnings surprise, thereby indicating that psychological capital is well-perceived by investors and adds back market value for firms. A discussion of the findings and their implications for research and practice concludes the study.
Artificial Versus Video-Based Immersive Virtual Surroundings: Analysis of Performance and User’s Preference
Authors: Huber Tobias , Paschold Markus , Hansen Christian , Lang Hauke , Kneist Werner
Published: March 2018

Introduction. Immersive virtual reality (VR) laparoscopy simulation connects VR simulation with head-mounted displays to increase presence during VR training. The goal of the present study was the comparison of 2 different surroundings according to performance and users’ preference. Methods. With a custom immersive virtual reality laparoscopy simulator, an artificially created VR operating room (AVR) and a highly immersive VR operating room (IVR) were compared. Participants (n = 30) performed 3 tasks (peg transfer, fine dissection, and cholecystectomy) in AVR and IVR in a crossover study design. Results. No overall difference in virtual laparoscopic performance was obtained when comparing results from AVR with IVR. Most participants preferred the IVR surrounding (n = 24). Experienced participants (n = 10) performed significantly better than novices (n = 10) in all tasks regardless of the surrounding ( P < .05). Participants with limited experience (n = 10) showed differing results. Presence, immersion, and exhilaration were significantly higher in IVR. Two thirds assumed that IVR would have a positive influence on their laparoscopic simulator use. Conclusion. This first study comparing AVR and IVR did not reveal differences in virtual laparoscopic performance. IVR is considered the more realistic surrounding and is therefore preferred by the participants.
Patient Satisfaction in the Preoperative Period: Preparing for Hand Surgery
Authors: Smith William R. , Wera Jeffrey , Ramsey Frederick V. , Takei Robert , Gallant Greg , Liss Frederic , Beredjiklian Pedro , Kwok Moody
Published: March 2018

Background: The potential impact of the number and type of preoperative encounters on satisfaction rates prior to elective surgical procedures is unclear, specifically scheduling and medical clearance encounters. Methods: Questionnaires investigating satisfaction with the preoperative process were collected for 200 patients presenting for elective hand surgery. The number of telephone, surgeon, and medical clearance encounters were recorded, and satisfaction was determined for each type based on a 4-category Likert scale. All patients 18 years or older were included, while only patients providing incomplete questionnaires were excluded. Outcome data were assessed for associations between different encounter totals or types and satisfaction rates. Results: Among 200 patients, 197 completed the questionnaire and were included. Overall satisfaction with the preoperative process was 92.9%, with only 3% of patients dissatisfied. There was a significant association between satisfaction and the number of telephone and total encounters. Satisfaction fell below 90% after 4 or more telephone calls (66.6%, P = 0.005) and 5 or more total encounters (80%, P = 0.008). When considered individually, there was no significant association between satisfaction and the number of surgeon ( P = 0.267) or medical office encounters ( P = 0.087), or a patient’s perceived health status ( P = 0.14). Conclusions: Greater than 3 telephone or 4 total encounters significantly decreases patient satisfaction, while surgeon and medical office visits are not associated with satisfaction rates when considered individually. This suggests the number, not the type, of preoperative encounters impact satisfaction and highlight the importance of efficient communication between patients and providers.