bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary generative design of supercritical airfoils: an automated approach driven by small data
Authors: Sun Kebin , Wang Weituo , Cheng Ran , Liang Yu , Xie Hairun , Wang Jing , Zhang Miao
Published: August 2023

Supercritical airfoils are critical components in the design of commercial wide-body aircraft wings due to their ability to enhance aerodynamic performance in transonic flow regimes. However, traditional design methods for supercritical airfoils can be time-consuming and require significant manual effort, not to mention the high cost associated with computational fluid dynamics analysis. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a highly automated approach for supercritical airfoil design, called Evolutionary Generative Design (EvoGD). The EvoGD approach is based on the framework of Evolutionary Computation and employs a series of sophisticated data-driven generative models incorporated with physical information to iteratively refine initial airfoil shapes, resulting in improved aerodynamic performances and reduced constraint violations. Moreover, to speed up the evaluation of the generated airfoils, a series of accurate and efficient data-driven predictors are utilized. The efficacy of the EvoGD approach was demonstrated through experiments on a dataset of 501 supercritical airfoils, including one baseline design and 500 randomly perturbed airfoils. On average, the generated airfoils showed improved performance in terms of buffet lift coefficient, cruise lift-to-drag ratio, and thickness by 5%, 4%, and 1%, respectively. The best generated airfoil outperformed the baseline design in terms of critical buffet lift coefficient and cruise lift-to-drag ratio by 7.1% and 6.4%, respectively. The entire design process was completed in less than an hour on a personal computer, highlighting the high efficiency and scalability of the EvoGD approach.
Characterization of Upper Cretaceous Matulla and Wata clastic reservoirs from October field, Central Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Farouk Sherif , Sen Souvik , Saada Saada Ahmed , Eldosouky Ahmed M. , Elsayed Romaisaa , Kassem Ahmed A. , Al-Kahtany Khaled , Abdeldaim Ahmed
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to integrate petrographic thin sections, SEM, XRD, routine core analysis, gas chromatography, and wireline logs to present a comprehensive petrographic and petrophysical assessment of the shallow marine clastic reservoirs of the Coniacian-Santonian Matulla Formation and upper Turonian Wata Formation from the October field, Central Gulf of Suez Basin. The fine to very fine-grained glauconite-bearing subarkose quartz arenites of the Matulla and Wata reservoirs exhibit good intergranular primary porosity with good pore connectivity. Moderate to slight compaction and grain to grain pressure solution resulted in a slightly inhomogeneous packing of framework grains. Feldspar dissolution contributed to the secondary porosity which improved the reservoir quality, while quartz overgrowth and minor calcite cementation are inferred as porosity destroying diagenetic agents. Pore-filling kaolinite and clay phases also had a negative effect on reservoir storage capacity. Routine core analysis indicated > 20% porosity and up to 412 mD permeability in the meso-megaporous sandstones of both the reservoirs. Permeability anisotropy analysis of Matulla samples indicates the dominance of primary depositional fabric and isotropic pores with minor scattered/connected horizontal pores and vertical pore connectivity. Wireline log-based quantitative petrophysical assessments exhibit low shale volume and higher hydrocarbon saturation (up to 80%) on both the reservoirs, which is also supported by the gas chromatography data confirming the presence of oil in the Matulla, and Wata pay zones based on interpreted gas balance, wetness, and character ratios. The study concludes excellent reservoir properties in the Upper Cretaceous clastic intervals of the October field.
Improving tobacco social contagion models using agent-based simulations on networks
Authors: Prabhakaran Adarsh , Restocchi Valerio , Goddard Benjamin D.
Published: August 2023

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable deaths in developed countries. Many interventions and policies have been implemented to reduce the levels of smoking but these policies rarely rely on models that capture the full complexity of the phenomenon. For instance, one feature usually neglected is the long-term effect of social contagion, although empirical research shows that this is a key driver of both tobacco initiation and cessation. One reason why social contagion is often dismissed is that existing models of smoking dynamics tend to be based on ordinary differential equation (ODE), which are not fit to study the impact of network effects on smoking dynamics. These models are also not flexible enough to consider all the interactions between individuals that may lead to initiation or cessation. To address this issue, we develop an agent-based model (ABM) that captures the complexity of social contagion in smoking dynamics. We validate our model with real-world data on historical prevalence of tobacco use in the US and UK. Importantly, our ABM follows empirical evidence and allows for both initiation and cessation to be either spontaneous or a consequence of social contagion. Additionally, we explore in detail the effect of the underlying network topology on smoking dynamics. We achieve this by testing our ABM on six different networks, both synthetic and real-world, including a fully-connected network to mimic ODE models. Our results suggest that a fully-connected network is not well-suited to replicate real data, highlighting the need for network models of smoking dynamics. Moreover, we show that when a real network is not available, good alternatives are networks generated by the Lancichinetti–Fortunato–Radicchi and Erdős–Rényi algorithms. Finally, we argue that, in light of these results, our ABM can be used to better study the long-term effects of tobacco control policies.
Exploring Deep Learning Approaches for Short-Term Passenger Demand Prediction
Authors: Ghandeharioun Zahra , Zendehdel Nobari Parham , Wu Wenhui
Published: August 2023

An accurate short-term passenger demand forecast makes a contribution to the coordination of traffic supply and demand. Forecasting the short-term passenger demand for the on-demand transportation service platform is of utmost significance since it might incentivize empty cars to relocate from over-supply regions to over-demand regions. Yet, because spatial, temporal, and exogenous dependencies need to be evaluated concurrently, short-term passenger demand forecasting may be rather difficult. This article aims to investigate several methods that can be utilized to forecast short-term traffic demand, with a primary emphasis on deep learning approaches. We examine varying degrees of temporal aggregation and how these levels affect various architectural configurations. In addition, by analyzing 22 models representing 5 distinct architectural configurations, we illustrate the influence of varying layer configurations within each architecture. The findings indicate that the long-term short memory (LSTM) structures perform the best for short-term time series forecasting, but more complex architectures do not significantly enhance the outcomes. Moreover, considering the spatiotemporal aspects results in an improvement in the prediction of more than fifty percent. In addition, we investigate the vectorization of time, also known as Time2Vec, as a way of embedding to make it possible for a selected algorithm to recognize periodic characteristics in time series, and we show that the outcome is improved by fifteen percent.
Physicochemical Variation of Clay Minerals and Enrichment of Rare Earth Elements in Regolith-hosted Deposits: Exemplification from The Bankeng Deposit in South China
Authors: Li Martin Yan Hei , Zhou Mei-Fu
Published: August 2023

The wide application of rare earth elements (REEs) in the development of a carbon–neutral society has urged resource exploration worldwide in recent years. Regolith-hosted REE deposits are a major source of global REE supply and are hosted mostly in clay minerals. Nonetheless, the ways in which changes in the physicochemical properties of clay minerals during weathering affect the concentrations of REEs in the regolith are not well known. In the current study, a world-class regolith-hosted REE deposit (Bankeng, South China) has been studied to illustrate further the effect of clay minerals on sorption and fractionation of REEs during weathering to form economic deposits. In the weathering profile, halloysite and illite are abundant in the saprolite due to weathering of feldspars and biotite from the bedrock. During weathering, halloysite and illite transform gradually to kaolinite and vermiculite. The large specific surface area, pore volume, and cation exchange capacity of the clay mineral assemblages are favorable to the sorption of REEs, probably because of the formation of vermiculite. The abundance of vermiculite could explain the enrichment of REEs in the upper part of the lower pedolith. For the saprolite-pedolith interface, halloysite is probably the main sorbent for the REEs, as indicated by the distinctive appearance of pore sizes of 2.4–2.8 nm characteristic of halloysite. The progressive transformation of halloysite to kaolinite reduces the pores and desorbs the REEs, causing REE depletion in the shallower soils. As a result, REEs were mobilized downward and re-sorbed in the lower pedolith-upper saprolite causing gradual enrichment and formation of these regolith-hosted deposits.
Using topic modeling to understand comments in student evaluations of teaching
Authors: Sun Jie , Yan Lu
Published: August 2023

Written comments in student evaluations of teaching offer a rich source of data for understanding instructors’ teaching and students’ learning experiences. However, most previous studies on student evaluations of teaching have focused on numeric ratings of close-ended questions, while few studies have tried to analyze the content of students’ written comments on open-ended questions, which normally involves a labor-intensive manual process of coding and categorizing. Such qualitative efforts prevent solutions on a large scale since it is almost impossible to go through all the textual data manually. Therefore, an innovative quantitative method that can analyze a large corpus of data holds great promise. This paper proposes the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) method of topic modeling to discover important themes that emerge in students’ written comments. We compare our results with findings in previous qualitative studies. We also investigate how these themes vary by course grade level and course subject. Our results provide evidence that topic modeling can be an effective and efficient alternative for understanding teaching and learning experiences through students’ written comments on a large scale.
„Beste Landpartie Allgemeinmedizin“ (BeLA): motivationale Faktoren für Medizinstudierende für eine ländliche Berufstätigkeit – eine qualitative Befragungsstudie
Authors: Schelter Frederik , Werner Felix , Roos Marco
Published: August 2023

Hintergrund

Eine wohnortnahe hausärztliche Versorgung ist durch verschiedene Faktoren gefährdet. In Bayern soll das Programm „Beste Landpartie Allgemeinmedizin“ (BeLA) Studierende für eine (haus)ärztliche Tätigkeit auf dem Land motivieren. Hieraus lassen sich 2 Fragen ableiten: „Mit welchen Motiven bewerben sich Studierende für das BeLA-Programm?“ sowie „Lassen sich übergreifende Faktoren zur ärztlichen Tätigkeit auf dem Land identifizieren und für die Rekrutierung nutzen?“.

Methoden

Es wurden 18 leitfadengestützte Interviews zur Exploration durchgeführt. Aus den individuellen Motivationen wurden positive Erwartungen und das negative Gegenbild der ärztlichen Tätigkeit auf dem Land individuell entwickelt und ein Idealbild (positiver Gegenhorizont) der angenommenen eigenen ärztlichen Tätigkeit auf dem Land gezeichnet.

Ergebnisse

Die von den Studierenden im Interview genannten Aspekte des Landlebens lassen sich grob in 4 Kategorien einteilen: das ruhige Landleben, die Nähe zu den Patient:innen, die Familie auf dem Land und die Vergleichbarkeit mit der Stadt. Die Befragten zeichnen ein Idealbild von ärztlicher Tätigkeit auf dem Land. Die Motivation ist dabei bereits so stark ausgeprägt, dass die individuellen positiven Gegenhorizonte negative Aspekte des Idealbilds schwach gewichten. Das Land selbst wird hierbei als natürliche Idylle dargestellt.

Diskussion

Die Befragten bringen bei Eintritt in das Programm eine hohe Motivation, später Landärzt:in zu werden, mit. Für die Rekrutierung von unentschlossenen Studierenden, die eine ärztliche Tätigkeit auf dem Land in Erwägung ziehen, scheinen in solchen Programmen andere Ansprachen nötig zu sein. Die starke persönliche Verknüpfung der für das Land Motivierten bietet Ansatzpunkte, die Kriterien für den Zugang zum Medizinstudium insbesondere im Hinblick auf Maßnahmen wie die Landarztquote anzupassen.
Sensory threshold for defecation and its correlation with pelvic organ prolapse: An exploration of related factors
Authors: Liu Yanhua , Tan Man , Tan Cheng , Yang Xin
Published: August 2023

Objectives

This research aimed to investigate changes in defecation sensory threshold and related factors in patients with posterior vaginal wall prolapse.

Methods

A total of 214 patients with pelvic organ prolapse were recruited between October 2019 to January 2021. All patients underwent a defecation sensory threshold examination, physical examination, and pelvic floor ultrasound examination. Factors related to the defecation sensory threshold were analyzed.

Results

(1) Among the participants, 57 patients (26.6%) had a defecation sensory threshold of more than 90 ​ml. Patients with a threshold > 90 ​ml showed higher scores of defecation dysfunction in the Constipation Scoring System (CSS) score (p=0.003) and higher scores of constipation in the Colorectal-anal Distress Inventory 8 (CRADI-8) score (p=0.002). (2) The defecation sensation threshold positively correlated with the Ap point (r=0.448,p<0.001), the Bp point (r=0.345,p=0.009), the area of the levator-ani hiatus measured by transvaginal ultrasound (r=0.403,p=0.002), and parity (r=0.355,p=0.007).

Conclusions

Patients diagnosed with pelvic organ prolapse commonly experience an increased threshold of defecation sensation. Elevated thresholds were associated with more frequent constipation symptoms. Additionally, the severity of posterior pelvic prolapse positively correlated with the defecation sensory threshold.
The management of torsion of huge pedunculated fibroid in 19 weeks pregnant in a low-income country, a case report
Authors: Tawashi Kenana , Tawashi Yamama , Jomaa Sami , Alabdallah Eyad , Al-Hussien Mustafa , Ammar Ameen
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction and importance

Fibroids are common benign neoplasms of the uterus, exciting in >70% of women. Also, in 0.3–15% of pregnant. They are classified into submucosal, intramural, and subserosal. The diagnosis depends on ultrasound imaging, while the treatment depends on surveillance, drugs, and surgery.

Case presentation

A 43-year-old nulligravida at 19 weeks’ gestation complained of increased unresponsive subacute pain that started for 3 weeks. She was apprehensive and pale and had digestive disturbances. The physical examination showed tenderness, and the size of the uterus was equivalent to 36 weeks. The radiological investigations showed a live fetus and a well-defined subserosal fibroid measuring 20 × 19 cm, connected to the uterus by a peduncle with torsion signs on echo-Doppler. A myomectomy was done and we had good outcomes for both the mother and fetus.

Clinical discussion

Many factors get together and make our case extraordinary; the rapid increase in size, the size of the fibroid, the pregnancy, the torsion, and the lack of equipment in our area that forced us to treat the patient urgently by laparotomy, which had risks on both the mother and the fetus.

Conclusion

This case highlights that even though laparoscopy is the best choice to treat fibroids during pregnancy; laparotomy is a good choice and has good outcomes for both the mother and the fetus in low-income countries. In addition, Fast diagnosis and treatment also are important to get the best results, especially in complicated situations.

Highlights
Toward a translational team science hierarchy of needs: Exploring the information management challenges of team science
Authors: Kelly Patrick W. , Chladek Jason , Rolland Betsy
Published: August 2023

Background:

Clinical and Translational Research (CTR) requires a team-based approach, with successful teams engaging in skilled management and use of information. Yet we know little about the ways that Translational Teams (TTs) engage with information across the lifecycle of CTR projects. This qualitative study explored the challenges that information management imposes on the conduct of team-based CTR.

Methods:

We conducted interviews with ten members of TTs at University of Wisconsin. Interviews were transcribed and thematic analysis was conducted.

Results:

TTs’ piecemeal and reactive approaches to information management created conflict within the team and slowed scientific progress. The lack of cohesive information management strategies made it more difficult for teams to develop strong team processes like communication, scientific coordination, and project management. While TTs’ research was hindered by the institutional challenges of interdisciplinary team information sharing, TTs who had developed shared approaches to information management that foregrounded transparency, accountability, and trust, described substantial benefits to their teamwork.

Conclusion:

We propose a new model for the Science of Team Science field – a Translational Team Science Hierarchy of Needs – that suggests interventions should be targeted at the appropriate stage of team development in order to maximize a team’s scientific potential.
Strong convergence of peaks over a threshold
Authors: Padoan Simone A. , Rizzelli Stefano
Published: August 2023

Extreme value theory plays an important role in providing approximation results for the extremes of a sequence of independent random variables when their distribution is unknown. An important one is given by the generalised Pareto distribution
$H_\gamma(x)$
as an approximation of the distribution
$F_t(s(t)x)$
of the excesses over a threshold t, where s(t) is a suitable norming function. We study the rate of convergence of
$F_t(s(t)\cdot)$
to
$H_\gamma$
in variational and Hellinger distances and translate it into that regarding the Kullback–Leibler divergence between the respective densities.
El Dorado Offerings in Lake Guatavita: A Muisca Ritual Archaeological Site
Authors: Quintero-Guzmán Juan Pablo
Published: August 2023

Archaeological and ethnohistorical investigations in the south of the Colombian Plateau, in the Eastern Highlands, suggest that before European contact Guatavita was an important Muisca chiefdom—largely because of the prestige conferred by the presence of ceremonial centers in their territories, especially around the lakes in the hills surrounding the Guatavita-Guasca Valley. The fame of Lake Guatavita as the most important Muisca shrine was fueled by Spanish chronicles during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, which described it as the core of mass offering ceremonies or of lavish rituals for the chief's investiture, which fed both the story and the myth of El Dorado. This article presents the results of the archaeological survey done around the lake. The type and distribution of the material culture suggest that there was a shrine where small-scale ritual offerings took place, rather than conspicuous celebrations.
Are current warning and responses systems suitable to respond to emerging infectious diseases?
Authors: Fernandez de Cordoba Farini Claudia
Published: August 2023

Socio-economic, environmental and ecological factors, as well as several natural hazards, have repeatedly been shown to drive emerging infectious-disease risk. However, these drivers are largely excluded from surveillance, warning and response systems. This paper identifies, analyses and categorises 64 warning and response systems for infectious diseases. It finds that 80% of them are “reactive” – they wait for disease outbreaks before issuing an alert and implementing mitigating strategies. Only 6% of the warning and response systems were “prevention-centred.” These both monitored and were linked to strategies that addressed drivers of disease emergence and re-emergence. This paper argues that warning systems’ failure to conceptualise emerging infectious diseases as part of an integrated human, animal and environmental system stems from inadequate multi-sectoral collaboration and governance, compounded by barriers to data sharing and integration. This paper reviews existing approaches and frameworks that could help to build and expand prevention-centred warning and response systems. It also makes recommendations to foster multi-sectoral collaboration in governance and warning systems for infectious diseases. This includes proposing solutions to address compartmentalisation in international agreements, developing One Health national focal points and expanding bottom-up initiatives.
Synthetic versus distributional lower Ricci curvature bounds
Authors: Kunzinger Michael , Oberguggenberger Michael , Vickers James A.
Published: August 2023

We compare two standard approaches to defining lower Ricci curvature bounds for Riemannian metrics of regularity below $C^2$. These are, on the one hand, the synthetic definition via weak displacement convexity of entropy functionals in the framework of optimal transport, and the distributional one based on non-negativity of the Ricci-tensor in the sense of Schwartz. It turns out that distributional bounds imply entropy bounds for metrics of class $C^1$ and that the converse holds for $C^{1,1}$-metrics under an additional convergence condition on regularizations of the metric.
PLACEMAKING AT LES BLANCHES BANQUES, JERSEY’S FIRST WORLD WAR PRISONER OF WAR CAMP: NESTED LANDSCAPES OF INTERNEES AND GUARDS
Authors: Mytum Harold , Carr Gilly , Philpott Robert , Saunders Nicholas
Published: August 2023

Most recent archaeological studies of prisoners of war have concentrated on resistance to confinement and identity creation within the camps. In contrast, the findings at Les Blanches Banques, Jersey, occupied by German military prisoners during the First World War, are here viewed through the lens of the varied placemaking strategies applied by both prisoners and camp staff. The prisoners created places of meaning within the regimented and confined conditions of their internment, but the guards were also limited by their duties in their assignment to this remote location, though all also saw the camp within its wider island landscape setting. This is the first study to consider placemaking at a prisoner of war camp at nested scales and from different perspectives.
An assessment of adaptation measures to enhance wheat productivity under climate change during early, mid and end of 21st century in Indian Punjab
Authors: Prabhjyot-Kaur  , Sandhu S. S. , Kothiyal Shivani , Kaur Jatinder
Published: August 2023

CERES-Wheat model was used to simulate wheat yield with ensemble model data for three time slices (2030–2050, 2050–2070 and 2070–2090) and four representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5) for four agroclimatic zones (ACZs) of Punjab. The study was conducted for wheat cultivars (HD2967 and PBW725) with two adaptation measures, i.e. shift in sowing dates and shift in sowing date plus additional nitrogen doses. The results showed that 24th November was the optimized sowing date and the yield were higher when supplemented with higher N doses (190 and 230 kg/ha). For the three time slices under RCP2.6 scenario, an increase in yield with combined adaptation measures for four ACZs and respectively for cvs. HD2967 and PBW725 ranged 16–32 and 16–33% (ACZII), 11–39 and 22–43% (ACZIII), 8–47 and 20–51% (ACZIV) and 15–32 and 22–42% (ACZV). Similarly, under stabilization scenarios (RCP4.5 and 6.0) the yield increased with combined adaptation measures and respectively for cvs. HD2967 and PBW725 ranged 15–32 and 14–31% (ACZII), 10–40 and 19–52% (ACZIII), 5–44 and 7–53% (ACZIV) and 14–32 and 20–42% (ACZV). The shortening of the maturity period for the two cultivars ranged 24–34 (ACZII), 21–36 (ACZIII), 9–19 (ACZIV) and 21–32 (ACZV) days under the future scenarios. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, the wheat cultivars were unable to yield higher even with combined adaptation measures during the end of 21st century. Thus, wheat would be a sustainable crop option under climate change in the state, if the sowing date was shifted to 24th November and supplemented with higher N dose.
Patterns of experience, expression, and physiology of stress relate to depressive symptoms and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in adolescents: a person-centered approach
Authors: Carosella Katherine A. , Wiglesworth Andrea , Bendezú Jason José , Brower Rylee , Mirza Salahudeen , Mueller Bryon A. , Cullen Kathryn R. , Klimes-Dougan Bonnie
Published: August 2023

Background

Preliminary evidence shows that discordance in stress experience, expression, and physiology (EEP) in adolescents is linked to depression, suicidal ideation (SI), non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and brain functioning. This study employs person-centered analysis to probe the relationship between stress responses, psychopathology, and neural patterns in female adolescents who are oversampled for engagement in NSSI.

Methods

Adolescent females (N = 109, ages 12–17) underwent a social stress test from which self-report measures of stress experience, observer ratings of stress expression, and physiological metrics of stress (via salivary cortisol) were obtained. Multi-trajectory modeling was employed to identify concordant and discordant stress EEP groups. Depressive symptoms, SI and attempt, NSSI engagement, frontal and limbic activation to emotional stimuli, and resting state fronto-limbic connectivity were examined in the EEP groups derived from the multi-trajectory models.

Results

Four groups were identified, three of which demonstrated relatively concordant EEP and one which demonstrated discordant EEP (High Experience-High Expression-Low Physiology). Further, replicating past research, the High Experience-High Expression-Low Physiology discordant group exhibited higher depressive symptoms, SI, suicide attempt, and NSSI episodes (only for sensitivity analyses based on past year) relative to other EEP groups. No significant group differences in brain functioning emerged.

Conclusion

Results indicate that within-person, multi-level patterns in stress responding capture risk for dysfunction including depression and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. Further interrogating of system-level stress functioning may better inform assessment and intervention efforts.
Baseline benzodiazepine exposure is associated with greater risk of transition in clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P): a meta-analysis
Authors: Raballo Andrea , Poletti Michele , Preti Antonio
Published: August 2023

Background

Emerging meta-analytical evidence indicates that baseline exposure to antipsychotics and to antidepressants in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) have opposite prognostic effects as regards imminent transition to psychosis, with antipsychotics associated with higher risk and antidepressants associated with a lower risk in comparison to not-exposed individuals. Despite their common use, baseline exposure to benzodiazepines (BDZ) in CHR-P has surprisingly received poor attention as a potential risk modulator for transition to psychosis. The current systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to fix such a knowledge gap.

Methods

Systematic scrutiny of Medline and Cochrane library, performed up to 31 December 2022, searching for English-language studies on CHR-P reporting numeric data about the sample, the transition outcome at a predefined follow-up time and raw data on BDZ baseline exposure in relation to such outcome.

Results

Of 1893 identified records, five studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The proportion of participants with exposure to BDZ at baseline ranged from 5.5% (one study) to 46.2%, with an average of 16.8%. At the end of the period of observation, i.e., the follow-up as reported in the study, 28.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 19.7–39.1%] participants developed psychosis among the BDZ-exposed against 9.3% (7.3 to 11.9%) among the controls. CHR-P participants who were already under BDZ treatment at baseline had more than double chance of transition to psychosis than CHR-P participants who were BDZ-naïve. The risk ratio (RR) was 2.42 (95% CI 1.38–4.23) in the common effects model (z = 3.09; p = 0.002), and 2.40 (1.53 to 3.77) in the random-effects model (z = 5.40; p = 0.006; tau-squared = 0.0). There was no relevant heterogeneity: Cochran's Q = 1.49; df = 4; p = 0.828; I2 = 0.0% (95% CI 0.0–79%). Quality was good in four studies.

Conclusions

Ongoing BDZ exposure at inception in CHR-P is associated with a higher risk of transition to psychosis at follow up. This meta-analytic association, which echoes a similar effect of baseline antipsychotic exposure, plausibly indicates that the clinicians' prescription of pharmacological intervention captures some form of prognostically-relevant information (e.g. an anxiety permeated mental state requiring BDZ prescription) that are not adequately encompassed by current CHR-P categorical criteria.
CORREA MOYLAN WALSH BEYOND INDEX NUMBERS: FROM THE “BATTLE OF THE STANDARDS” TO THE SCIENCE OF MONEY
Authors: Cruz-e-Silva Victor , Almeida Felipe
Published: August 2023

In 1901, Correa Moylan Walsh gained renown for writing a groundbreaking monograph on index numbers. His contributions to monetary economics, however, though neglected, transcend his work on index numbers, which was conceived to serve more foundational concerns of his. Therefore, our aim is twofold. First, we want to recover Walsh’s role as an important early twentieth-century economist. Second, we intend to provide a wider account of his incursion into monetary economics. Our argument is that the cornerstone of Walsh’s approach to the science of money is not confined to index numbers but concerns his distinction between different kinds of economic value and the discussion regarding the kind of value that money should measure and store. As such, we identify Walsh’s 1903 book, The Fundamental Problem in Monetary Science, as his archetypical work.
NOVEL STABILITY CONDITIONS FOR SOME GENERALIZATION OF NICHOLSON’S BLOWFLIES MODEL WITH STOCHASTIC PERTURBATIONS
Authors: SHAIKHET LEONID , ABBAS SYED
Published: August 2023

We consider a generalization of the well-known nonlinear Nicholson blowflies model with stochastic perturbations. Stability in probability of the positive equilibrium of the considered equation is studied. Two types of stability conditions: delay-dependent and delay-independent conditions are obtained, using the method of Lyapunov functionals and the method of linear matrix inequalities. The obtained results are illustrated by numerical simulations by means of some examples. The results are new, and complement the existing ones.
Rice genetic resources for organic agriculture under hill ecology: evaluation and usefulness
Authors: Kapoor Chandan , Raj Chandramani , Avasthe Ravikant , Basandrai Daisy , Pattanayak Arunava K. , Aditya Jay Prakash , Das S. P. , Sharma Vikas , Singh Matber , Singh Shweta
Published: August 2023

Rice cultivation in hills is challenged by sub-optimum weather conditions, low soil fertility, low temperature and moisture stress which impedes in attaining high productivity. To address this, four studies were carried out at ICAR Sikkim Centre, Gangtok, India to evaluate relative performance of local organic cultivars and conventionally bred varieties under an organic farming system. Conventionally bred varieties yielded significantly higher (45%) than local cultivars under recommended timely sown conditions whereas local cultivars showed superiority in grain yield under late sown conditions coinciding with low temperature during flowering to grain filling. Genotypes did not show significant interaction when organic or conventional production conditions were compared. For grain yield, there was a significant variation for variety × year interaction under organic system. Local organic cultivars had reduced grain yield and associated traits under rainfed upland conditions. Panicles per unit area had a significant positive association with grain yield in all production environments (organic lowland, organic upland, conventional lowland and conventional upland). Overall, the study indicates using local cultivars as donors for specific stress tolerance traits in background of high yielding genotypes to enhance rice yields sustainably under organic system in hills.
Large-N Qualitative Analysis (LNQA): Causal Generalization in Case Study and Multimethod Research
Authors: Goertz Gary , Haggard Stephan
Published: August 2023

We describe an emerging research practice that we call Large-N Qualitative Analysis (LNQA), outline its core components and codify best practice. LNQA starts with hypothesized regularities and causal mechanisms. Regularities take two basic forms: Y generalizations (if Y then X) or X generalizations (if X then Y), albeit with more complex variants. To establish a causal generalization requires defining its scope. The strength of the regularity is simply the percentage of cases conforming with the causal claim. The causal force of LNQA, however, comes from within-case causal inference, which demonstrates the presence and operation of the postulated mechanisms in all cases in the scope. The method thus partly obviates problems arising from case selection in qualitative and multimethod work. We also identify a multimethod variant (M-LNQA), which combines LNQA with experimental, quasi-experimental, or observational statistical analysis. An appendix introduces over fifty examples of the method.
Design of a compact sigma slotted dual-mode UWB antenna for wireless body area network applications
Authors: Venkatesh P. , Narmadha T. V.
Published: August 2023

This article presents the design of a novel sigma slotted circular monopole antenna for wireless body area network applications. The design is proceeded with a sigma-shaped slot etched on the circular radiator with Rogers 4003C substrate. The size of the proposed antenna is 30 × 30 × 1 mm3. With partial ground plane, the bandwidth characteristics of the antenna have been enhanced. The designed antenna covers 2–10 GHz of the ultra wideband, thereby providing more than 106% bandwidth. The antenna exhibits high gain values of 1.95, 3.23, 3.46, and 5.95 dB at 2.45, 3.45, 5.8, and 9.5 GHz, respectively. The proposed design operates on off-body mode at 2.45 GHz and on-body mode at 5.8 GHz, thus acting as a dual-mode antenna. To ensure the health and safety measure, specific absorption rate analysis was done for both low and high values of input power and also with Cartesian and cylindrical human arm models. Bending analysis was also done. The time domain parameter group delay was also analyzed for the proposed antenna for on- and off-body scenarios. The prototype was fabricated, and validation of simulation results was done for free space and on-body scenarios.
Measurement Invariance of the General Health Questionnaire GHQ 12-Item Version (GHQ-12)
Authors: Ushakova Anastasia , McKenzie Karen , Hughes Claire , Stoye Johanna , Murray Aja Louise
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Understanding how levels, patterns, predictors, and outcomes of mental health issues differs in students relative to non-students can inform more effective and better tailored prevention and intervention for mental health in higher education contexts. However, comparisons of mental health in student and non-student groups depend on the critical but seldom-tested assumption of measurement invariance. In this study, we use data from the UK household longitudinal study (UKLS) to evaluate the measurement invariance of the scores from a commonly used mental health measure: the General Health Questionnaire 12-item version (GHQ-12) across students and non-students. Using a bifactor model to take account of wording factors we found measurement invariance up to the scalar level for students and non-student groups. This provides support for the use of instruments for comparing mental health issue levels and candidate risk factors and outcomes across students and non-students.
Mars Global Surveyor’s Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) Wide‐Angle Images (1999–2006): 1. Data Processing
Authors: Robbins Stuart J.
Published: August 2023

Earth‐based telescopes and Mars‐orbiting spacecraft have revealed Mars to be a dynamic body with periodic changes spanning hours to years, and other changes that present no discernible pattern. Understanding these surface and atmospheric variations requires observing and tracking them, and that requires global, consistent image data that spans several years. In support of that goal, the Mars Orbiter Camera Wide Angle “daily global map” images, in both red and blue, have undergone a modern processing with photometric corrections. They have been projected and blended into equirectangular and polar stereographic monochromatic and synthetic three‐color mosaics in intervals of 1 day and ΔLs = 2°, 5°, 10° (approximately 4 days, 10 days, and 2.5 weeks, respectively). The full data set presents three dimensions of Mars—location, time, and color—while ranges or values within each dimension can be combined in different ways, presenting a highly complex interplay for exploration. In this work, the methods to generate the data are presented along with an overview of the data set. In the companion paper (Robbins, 2023a, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JE007621), several new observations are made along with replication of known, previously described phenomena.
Phases of Enhanced Exhumation During the Cretaceous and Cenozoic Orogenies in the Eastern European Alps: New Insights From Thermochronological Data and Thermokinematic Modeling
Authors: Wölfler Andreas , Wolff Reinhard , Hampel Andrea , Hetzel Ralf , Dunkl István
Published: August 2023

Austroalpine nappes in the Eastern European Alps have preserved the record of orogenies in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic but their cooling and exhumation history remains poorly constrained. Here we use low‐temperature thermochronology and thermokinematic modeling to unravel the exhumation history of the Austroalpine nappes in the Gurktal Alps. Our data reveal marked differences between the exhumation of units located at different positions within the nappe stack and relative to the Adriatic indenter. Units located at a high structural level and farther away from the indenter cooled through the zircon fission track closure temperature in the Late Cretaceous and have resided at depths of ≤5–6 km since the Oligocene, as indicated by apatite fission track ages of 35–30 Ma. Thermokinematic modeling constrained that these units experienced enhanced exhumation (∼0.60 km/Ma) between ∼99 and ∼83 Ma due to syn‐ to late‐orogenic Late Cretaceous extension. After a phase of slow exhumation (∼0.02 km/Ma), the exhumation rate increased to ∼0.16 km/Ma at ∼34 Ma due to the onset of the Europe‐Adria collision. In contrast, zircon fission track ages from units at a lower structural level and near the indenter indicate cooling during the Eocene; apatite fission track ages cluster at ∼15 Ma. These units were rapidly exhumed (∼0.76 km/Ma) from ∼44 to ∼39 Ma during an Eocene phase of shortening prior to the Europe‐Adria collision. After slow exhumation (∼0.13 km/Ma) between ∼39 and ∼18 Ma, the exhumation rate increased to ∼0.27 km/Ma in the wake of Miocene escape tectonics in the Eastern Alps.
Downscaling CORDEX Through Deep Learning to Daily 1 km Multivariate Ensemble in Complex Terrain
Authors: Quesada‐Chacón Dánnell , Baño‐Medina Jorge , Barfus Klemens , Bernhofer Christian
Published: August 2023

High spatio‐temporal resolution near‐surface projected data is vital for climate change impact studies and adaptation. We derived the highest statistically downscaled resolution multivariate ensemble currently available: daily 1 km until the end of the century. Deep learning models were employed to develop transfer functions for precipitation, water vapor pressure, radiation, wind speed, and, maximum, mean and minimum temperature. Perfect prognosis is the particular statistical downscaling methodology applied, using a subset of the ReKIS data set for Saxony as predictands, the ERA5 reanalysis as during‐training predictors and the CORDEX‐EUR11 ensemble as projected predictors. The performance of the transfer functions was validated with the VALUE framework, yielding highly satisfactory results. Particular attention was given to the three major perfect prognosis assumptions, for which several tests were carried out and thoroughly discussed. From the latter, we corroborated their fulfillment to a high degree, thus, the derived projections are considered adequate and relevant for impact modelers. In total, 18 runs for RCP85, 1 for RCP45, and 4 for RCP26 were downscaled under both stochastic and deterministic approaches. This multivariate ensemble could drive more accurate and diverse impact studies in the region. Generally, the projected climatologies are in agreement with coarser resolution projections. Nevertheless, statistical particularities were observed for some projections, thus, a list of caveats for potential users is given. Due to the scalability of the presented methodology, further possible applications with additional datasets are proposed. Lastly, several potential improvement prospects are discussed toward the ideal subsequent iteration of the perfect prognosis statistical downscaling methodology.
Response Analysis on Multi‐Parameters in the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Using Satellite‐Ground Combined Data
Authors: Jiang Nan , Gao Zhaorui , Xu Yan , Xu Tianhe , Guo Ao , Wu Yuhao , Li Song
Published: August 2023

The Tonga volcano (TVE) erupted with a mass of energy released into the plate and atmosphere, causing variations in the relevant geophysical parameters. Thus, we creatively apply the observations from space‐borne and ground‐based sensors to reveal the characterizations of up to four items (tropospheric response, sea surface temperature (SST), surface deformation, and ionospheric reaction). The results of precipitable water vapor from space‐borne and ground‐based data show that tropospheric response has a trend of rising first, after the volcano event dropping sharply, then recovering to the normal level. The reaction of SST shows a slight rise of 0.5–1°C caused by the incident. Examining ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System station coordinates illustrates that the volcano eruption causes surface deformations up to 46 cm in the northeast direction. Eventually, for the ionospheric reaction, a similar characterization of the tropospheric response is found in the total electron content variation. These are the first comprehensive analyses showing the impacts of the TVE on multiple types of parameters using both space‐borne and ground‐based data from low to high frequency.
Regulated cell death pathways and their roles in homeostasis, infection, inflammation, and tumorigenesis
Authors: Lee Ein , Song Chang-Hyun , Bae Sung-Jin , Ha Ki-Tae , Karki Rajendra
Published: August 2023

Pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, which are the most well-studied regulated cell death (RCD) pathways, contribute to the clearance of infected or potentially neoplastic cells, highlighting their importance in homeostasis, host defense against pathogens, cancer, and a wide range of other pathologies. Although these four RCD pathways employ distinct molecular and cellular processes, emerging genetic and biochemical studies have suggested remarkable flexibility and crosstalk among them. The crosstalk among pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis pathways is more evident in cellular responses to infection, which has led to the conceptualization of PANoptosis. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis and their importance in maintaining homeostasis. We discuss the intricate crosstalk among these RCD pathways and the current evidence supporting PANoptosis, focusing on infectious diseases and cancer. Understanding the fundamental processes of various cell death pathways is crucial to inform the development of new therapeutics against many diseases, including infection, sterile inflammation, and cancer.
After cell death: the molecular machinery of efferocytosis
Authors: Moon Byeongjin , Yang Susumin , Moon Hyunji , Lee Juyeon , Park Daeho
Published: August 2023

Cells constituting a multicellular organism die in a variety of ways throughout life, and most of them die via apoptosis under normal conditions. The occurrence of apoptosis is especially prevalent during development and in tissues with a high cellular turnover rate, such as the thymus and bone marrow. Interestingly, although the number of apoptotic cells produced daily is known to be innumerable in a healthy adult human body, apoptotic cells are rarely observed. This absence is due to the existence of a cellular process called efferocytosis that efficiently clears apoptotic cells. Studies over the past decades have focused on how phagocytes are able to remove apoptotic cells specifically, swiftly, and continuously, resulting in defined molecular and cellular events. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of the clearance of apoptotic cells at the molecular level.
Deletion of ARGLU1 causes global defects in alternative splicing in vivo and mouse cortical malformations primarily via apoptosis
Authors: Yao Fenyong , Huang Shisheng , Liu Jiahui , Tan Chunhua , Xu Mengqi , Wang Dengkui , Huang Maoqing , Zhu Yiyao , Huang Xingxu , He Shuijin
Published: August 2023

Haploinsufficient mutation in arginine and glutamine-rich protein 1 (Arglu1), a newly identified pre-mRNA splicing regulator, may be linked to neural developmental disorders associated with mental retardation and epilepsy in human patients, but the underlying causes remain elusive. Here we show that ablation of Arglu1 promotes radial glial cell (RG) detachment from the ventricular zone (VZ), leading to ectopic localized RGs in the mouse embryonic cortex. Although they remain proliferative, ectopic progenitors, as well as progenitors in the VZ, exhibit prolonged mitosis, p53 upregulation and cell apoptosis, leading to reduced neuron production, neuronal loss and microcephaly. RNA seq analysis reveals widespread changes in alternative splicing in the mutant mouse embryonic cortex, preferentially affecting genes involved in neuronal functions. Mdm2 and Mdm4 are found to be alternatively spliced at the exon 3 and exon 5 respectively, leading to absence of the p53-binding domain and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) and thus relieve inhibition of p53. Removal of p53 largely rescues the microcephaly caused by deletion of Arglu1. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into cortical malformations of human patients with Arglu1 haploinsufficient mutation.