bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinant Factors of Money Management among Nigerian Undergraduates
Authors: Adebisi Taibat Tunrayo , Salami Odunayo Oluwatosin , Arubayi Oritshegbemi Diana , Oluwaseyi Johnson Winifred
Published: September 2020

The study assessed money management on Nigerian undergraduates at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Six research questions and four hypotheses were formulated. Descriptive research of a survey type was adopted. There were 16 faculties with five were selected purposively. The snowball method was used to select the sample size from the total population. A self-structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the participants. Data collected were analyzed using frequency and percentage, while hypotheses were tested using ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance. Based on the findings, the participants agreed that they had different sources of money to make use of with a grand mean score of 2.83, while the course of study, religious beliefs, relationship status, and lifestyle influenced their money management with grand mean scores 2.80, 2.56, 2.85 and 2.70 respectively. The research hypotheses depicted the insignificant effect on religious beliefs, lifestyle, and relationship status had on money management, but only the effect of undergraduates' course of study was significant, and thus, the hypothesis was rejected. Conclusively, every undergraduate should apply a good pattern of financial behavior for improvement and sensitize themselves on money appropriateness since they will become future managers and decision-makers that will generate future revenues.
Causes of under-five mortality using verbal autopsy and social autopsy studies (VASA) in Alexandria, Egypt, 2019
Authors: Ghazy Ramy Mohamed , Fekry Mohga M , Omran Abdel-Rahman , Tahoun Mohamed Mostafa
Published: September 2020

Background

Determination of death causes is an important building block for civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS). This study aimed at identifying the causes of under-five mortality (U5M) in Alexandria using verbal autopsy (VA).

Methods

Data of 645 under-fives (452 neonates & 193 post-neonates and children) deaths were retrieved from records from January 2018 to June 2019, care-givers were interviewed using Verbal Autopsy and Social Autopsy Studies (VASA), version 1.5.1 developed by the World Health Organization. Questionnaires (neonatal and child forms) were uploaded to the Open Data Kit collector (ODK), analyzed by Smart-VA software to identify the underlying cause of death (UCOD).

Results

The response rate to VASA was 66%. Neonatal mortality, post-neonatal mortality, and child mortality represented 70.1%, 24.5%, and 5.4% of U5M respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females in cause-specific mortality fraction (CSMF), P > 0.05. The main UCODs among neonates were preterm delivery (57.3%), congenital malformation (17.3%), congenital pneumonia (10.8%), birth asphyxia (8.4%), and stillbirth (3.1%). The most-reported UCODs among post-neonates and children were pneumonia (25.9%), childhood cardiovascular diseases (22.8%), digestive system diseases (11.9%), and diarrhea and dysentery (7.8%). The main UCODs among under-five children were preterm delivery (40.2%), followed by congenital malformation (12.1%), pneumonia (7.8%), congenital pneumonia (7.6%), childhood cardiovascular diseases (6.8%), and birth asphyxia (5.9%). Communicable diseases, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases caused 72.0% of U5M, while non-communicable diseases and injuries caused 25.7% and 2.4% of all U5M, respectively.

Conclusions

VASA declared that communicable diseases, maternal, nutritional, and neonatal diseases remain the main killer of U5C in Alexandria.
Prevención de la conducta suicida en niños y adolescentes en atención primaria
Authors: Socha Rodríguez María Alejandra , Hernandez Rincon Erwin Hernando , Guzmán Sabogal Yahira Rossini , Ayala Escudero Alejandra , Moreno Gómez María del Mar
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: el suicidio es un grave problema de salud pública, con una mayor incidencia en niños y adolescentes. No obstante, es prevenible mediante intervenciones oportunas, por lo cual se considera fundamental encontrar y elegir programas de prevención de suicidio en estos grupos etarios desde la atención primaria en salud. Metodología: se revisó la literatura sobre la prevención del suicidio desde atención primaria en documentos oficiales y artículos en las bases de datos Web of Science, Clinicalkey, PubMed y Science Direct. Se seleccionaron 35 documentos y se organizaron en 4 categorías: familia, entorno, personal de salud y prevención en atención primaria. Resultados: se encontraron programas enfocados en la familia, que ayudan a mejorar la relación padre-hijo e informan a los padres sobre métodos letales y cómo restringir su acceso. Por otro lado, hay documentos en donde se capacita al personal de salud para identificar, diagnosticar y tratar oportunamente las enfermedades mentales o las situaciones que predisponen las conductas suicidas; y así mismo, se interviene a aquellos que están en riesgo o han tenido intentos de suicidio previos. Conclusión: existen múltiples estrategias e intervenciones para reconocer y responder a las señales de advertencia de suicidio. Es importante que el personal de salud de atención primaria identifique y se capacite para el manejo inicial de pacientes con riesgo de suicidio y pueda brindar educación a la red de apoyo del menor sobre las estrategias para afrontar estas conductas.
PENDEKATAN BISNIS BUMDES BERKEMAJUAN DI KONDISI WABAH PANDEMI COVID’19
Authors: Rahmi Vembri Aulia , Ismanto Hadi Ismanto , Fathoni Muhammad Zainuddin
Published: September 2020

The impact of the Covid'19 pandemic outbreak rocked almost more than half of the world economy. In fact, many large world-class companies have suffered losses. This study seeks to describe the survival capacity of village economic institutions in supporting the economic welfare of small entrepreneurs during the pandemic that hit the country. Qualitative descriptive is used as the method of this research. The results of the study explain that BUMDes are able to survive in running the economy during a pandemic through certain business approaches, such as: changing the marketing method for village products, designing new business strategies, arousing entrepreneurial spirit, and improving service quality. Thus it can be concluded that BUMDes was able to anticipate problems in business management during the Covid'19 pandemic
Analisis Kemampuan Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Penataan Minimarket
Authors: Ombi Ombi Romli
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini di latarbelakangi dari akumulasi permsalahan klasik yang dihadapi pasar tradisional dan usaha kecil yang kondisinya kian lama memperihatinkan ketika dihadapkan dengan menjamurnya pasar modern/minimarket. Keberadaan minimarket serta  pertumbuhannya yang cepat menimbulkan persaingan pasar tidak sehat berdampak pada melemahnya geliat iklim pasar tradisional serta mematikan usaha kecail. Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Ciamis mengeluarkan regulasi berupa Peraturan Bupati Kabupaten Ciamis No 51 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pendirian Toko Modern Serta Perlindungan Usaha Kecil, Warung/Toko Dan Pasar Teradisional guna meminimalisir ketimpangan persaingan yang terjadi. Tujuan penelitian guna menganalisis kemampuan pemerintah daerah daerah dalam penataan minimarket, penelitian ini menggunakan basis analisis yang dikemukakan oleh Jones (1996:296) yang terdiri dari aspek  Organisasi, interpretasi, dan aplikasi. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa kemampuan pemerintah daerah daerah Kabupaten Ciamis dalam penataan minimarket masih sangat lemah dengan segala keterbatasan yang dimiliki. Berdasarkan aspek organisasi, bahwa baik kualitas dan kuantitas aparatur sebagai akor pelaksana masih lemah diiringi dengan tumpang tindihnya fungsi dan kewenangan dinas yang bersinggungan dengan penataan minimarket. Kemudian aspek interpretasi juga masih lemah dengan adanya penafsiran dan standar ganda, diiringi dengan inkonsistensi aktor pelaksana yang saling bersinggungan. Berdasarkan aspek aplikasi dalam penataan minimarket di Kabupaten Ciamis cenderung belum terlaksana dengan baik, hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan ketidaktegasan aktor pelaksana, diiringi pengawaan yang lemah dantidak tegas, kondisi tersebut semakin diperburuk dengan perilaku “nakal” pengusaha minimarket.
Enhancment of the corrosion resistance of copper metal by laser surface treatment
Authors: Mosleh Lubna Abdul Razzaq , Abdullaa Ahmed Qasim
Published: September 2020

In this work, the copper metal was treated using Nd:YAG laser with energy 1Joul to enhance corrosion resistance and improve surface properties. The copper metal has many applications in industry as well as water, oil and gas pipes. The same conditions, (laser power density, scan speed, distance between paths, medium gas-air) were applied in the laser surface treatment, After laser treatment, the samples microstructures were investigated using optical microscope (OM) to examine micro structural changes due to laser irradiation. Specimen surfaces were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), macro hardness, and corrosion test before and after laser treatment to examine the surface properties changes as a result of laser irradiation, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Results showed that laser irradiation enhances the corrosion resistance of the metal copper. Corrosion rates as low as 0.550 mpy for laser treated samples were obtained in comparison to 0.699 mpy obtained for the untreated samples. The corrosion protection afforded by laser treatment is attributed mainly to the grain refinement of the top surface layer. This layer is found to consist of nano-scale grains. Higher hardness and lower average roughness due to laser surface treatment.
Hydration Thermodynamics and Hydrodynamic (Stokes) Radius of the Lanthanide Ions
Authors: Kadhim Muhammed J. , Gamaj Maher Ibraheem
Published: September 2020

Many biochemical and physiological properties depend on the size of ions and the thermodynamic quantities of ion hydration. The diffusion coefficient (D) of lanthanide (III) ions (Ln+3) in solution assumed (1.558-1.618 ×10−9 m2 s−1) by Einstein–Smoluchowski relation. The association constant (KA) of Ln+3 ions was calculated (210.3-215.3 dm3 mole-1) using the Shedlovsky method, and the hydrodynamic radius calculated (1.515-1.569 ×10−10 m) by the Stokes-Einstein equation. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔGo, ΔSo) also calculated by used suitable relations, while ΔHo, values are obtained from the literature. ΔGo, for ion hydration, has negative values in the range (13.25-13.30 KJ/mole), and a negative ΔSo, results have been shown in the limit (11.016-12.506 KJ/ K. mole).
An Adaptive Digital Neural Network-Like-PID Control Law Design for Fuel Cell System Based on FPGA Technique
Authors: Al-Rubaye Wajdi T. Joudah , Al-Araji Ahmed S. , Dhahad Hayder A.
Published: September 2020

This paper proposes an on-line adaptive digital Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control algorithm based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Model. This research aims to design and implement Neural Network like a digital PID using FPGA in order to generate the best value of the hydrogen partial pressure action (PH2) to control the stack terminal output voltage of the (PEMFC) model during a variable load current applied. The on-line Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used for finding and tuning the optimal value of the digital PID-NN controller (kp, ki, and kd) parameters that improve the dynamic behavior of the closed-loop digital control fuel cell system and to achieve the stability of the desired output voltage of fuel cell. The numerical simulation results (MATLAB) package along with the schematic design experimental work using Spartan-3E xc3s500e-4fg320 board with the Xilinx development tool Integrated Software Environment (ISE) version 14.7 and using Verilog hardware description language for design testing are illustrated the performance enhancement of the proposed an adaptive intelligent FPGA-PID-NN controller in terms of error voltage reduction and generating optimal value of the hydrogen partial pressure action (PH2) without oscillation in the output and no saturation state when these results are compared with other controllers.
Review on Heat Transfer Process Inside Open and Closed Porous Cavity
Authors: Mohammed Akeel Abdullah
Published: September 2020

Many researchers used different methods in their investigations to enhance the heat transfer coefficient, one of these methods is using porous medium. Heat transfer process inside closed and open cavities filled with a fluid-saturated porous media has a considerable importance in different engineering applications, such as compact heat exchangers, nuclear reactors and solar collectors. So, the present paper comprises a review on natural, forced, and combined convection heat transfer inside a porous cavity with and without driven lid. Most of the researchers on this specific subject studied the effect of many parameters on the heat transfer and fluid field inside a porous cavity, like the angle of inclination, the presence of vibration, magnetic fields, and heat generation. They used different thermal and hydrodynamic boundary conditions, different geometries of cavity, and different saturated-fluids. Results manifested that the fluid and thermal characteristics enhance greatly as porosity increases at a high value of Darcy number. Also, vibrational effects are a dominant factor in the heat transfer process only at high Darcy and Reynolds numbers.
IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS BRUNEI DARUSSALA1
Authors: RINGIM KABIRU
Published: September 2020

NUMBER OF WORDS 6,616
NUMBER OF FIGURES 2

NUMBER OF TABLES 3

REFERENCES

ABSTRACT
Identifying more realistic model structures by electrical conductivity observations of the karst spring
Authors: Chang Yong , Hartmann Andreas , Liu Ling , Jiang Guanghui , Wu Jichun
Published: September 2020

Electrical conductivity (EC) of karst spring discharge has always been a fundamental variable to characterize karst aquifers. However, to incorporate EC into the hydrologic modeling is challenging but has a huge potential since EC observations are widely collected. In this paper, we presented a new framework to integrate EC into lumped karst hydrological models for model structure identification and parameter uncertainty reduction. Our framework is tested in a small, well-instrumented karst catchment near Guilin city (China) where EC dynamics are mostly controlled by the dissolution of carbonate rock and dilution by event water. Four karst models with different structures were equipped to consider the linear growth of EC with the carbonate rock dissolution and its mixing within the karst system. Applying a parameter estimation framework that accounts for uncertainty in discharge and EC simulations, we find that all hydrologic models obtain similar performances concerning spring discharge. However, their performances in simulating spring EC strongly differ permitting us to identify the most realistic model out of the four model structures. Our analysis further shows that including EC into parameter estimation reduces parameter uncertainty concerning concentrated flow in the conduits and helps to estimate immobile water storage in the aquifer. Consequently, our new framework to include EC in karst models provides new directions for the more realistic simulation that can easily be transferred to other karst aquifers where EC dynamics are controlled by rock dissolution and dilution by event water.
Memory systems of the brain
Authors: Pastor Alvaro
Published: September 2020

Humans have long been fascinated by how memories are formed, how they can be damaged or lost, or still seem vibrant after many years. Thus the search for the locus and organization of memory has had a long history, in which the notion that is is composed of distinct systems developed during the second half of the 20th century.A fundamental dichotomy between conscious and unconscious memory processes was first drawn based on evidences from the study of amnesiac subjects and the systematic experimental work with animals. The use of behavioral and neural measures together with imaging techniques have progressively led researchers to agree in the existence of a variety of neural architectures that support multiple memory systems.This article presents a historical lens with which to contextualize these idea on memory systems, and provides a current account for the multiple memory systems model.
Acid Blue 25 Removal by using Fe2+ Activated Persulfate
Authors: Ghorbani Zeinab
Published: September 2020

Dyes are one of the most important contaminants in the textile industry wastewater, which are often carcinogenic, and biodegradable. So their removal from the effluent is environmentally important. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of sodium persulfate in removing dye from aqueous media. In order to optimize each parameter, the one-factor-at-a-time method was used. In this experimental study, the effect of three main parameters including pH, sodium persulfate concentration, and iron (II) concentration on dye removal from aqueous solution was investigated. According to the results obtained from the experiments, the optimal removal efficiency of 92% was obtained in 60 minutes and under optimal conditions of pH=3, the initial concentration of sodium persulfate=500 mg / L, and the initial concentration of iron (II) sulfate=100 mg / L. According to the results, the use of sodium persulfate salt activated with Fe2+ can be an efficient process for dye removal from industrial effluents.
Performance Comparison of Fe2+ Activated Persulfate and Electro-Persulfate Process in Acid Blue 25 Removal from Aqueous Solution Operating: Conditions and Reaction Velocity
Authors: Ghorbani Zeinab
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of Fe2+ activated persulfate and electro-persulfate process in Acid Blue 25 removal from aqueous solution. For this reason, the effects of different parameters including pH, dye, sodium persulfate and ferrous sulfate concentrations were investigated. The removal efficiency of 92% at the time of 60 min was obtained at pH= 3, dye concentration= 50 mg/L, sodium persulfate concentration= 500 mg/L and Fe (II) sulfate concentration= 100 mg/L for Fe2+ activated persulfate system and the removal efficiency of 95% at pH= 5, dye concentration = 200 mg/L, sodium persulfate concentration = 500 mg/L and ferrous sulfate concentration = 100 mg/L for electro-persulfate system by means of graphite materials as the neutral electrodes. COD removal efficiency in Fe2+ activated persulfate and electro-persulfate in the mentioned conditions were 90% and 89% in 180 minutes, respectively. Moreover, the result of process kinetics showed that using electrochemical process improved the reaction velocity from 0.0016 to 0.0487 mg/L/min. The comparison between these two-process showed that using electrochemical process improved dye removal efficiency by 4 times.
When robots (pretend to) think
Authors: Ghiglino Davide , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: September 2020

Mental activities are a fascinating mystery that humans have tried to unveil since the very beginning of philosophy. We all try to understand how other people “tick” and formulate hypotheses, predictions, expectations and, morebroadly, representations of the others’ goals, desires and intentions, and behaviors following from those. We “think” spontaneously about others’ and our own mental states. The advent of new technologies – seemingly smart artificialagents – is giving researchers new environments to test mindreading models, pushing the cognitive flexibility of the human social brain from the natural domain to towards the artificial.
A Systematic Review of Cognitive Event-Related Potentials in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Paitel Elizabeth R. , Samii Marielle R. , Nielson Kristy A
Published: September 2020

This systematic review examined whether event-related potentials (ERPs) during higher cognitive processing can detect subtle, early signs of neurodegenerative disease. Original, empirical studies retrieved from PsycINFO and PubMed were reviewed if they analyzed patterns in cognitive ERPs (150ms post-stimulus) differentiating mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), or cognitively intact elders who carry AD risk through the Apolipoprotein-E ε4 allele (ε4+) from healthy older adult controls (HC). The 100 studies meeting inclusion criteria (MCI=47; AD=47; ε4+=6) analyzed N200, P300, N400, and occasionally, later components. While there was variability across studies, patterns of reduced amplitude and delayed latency were apparent in pathological aging, consistent with AD-related brain atrophy and cognitive impairment. These effects were particularly evident in advanced disease progression (i.e., AD > MCI) and in later ERP components measured during complex tasks. Although ERP studies in intact ε4+ elders are thus far scarce, a similar pattern of delayed latency was notable, along with a contrasting pattern of increased amplitude, consistent with compensatory neural activation. This limited work suggests ERPs might be able to index early neural changes indicative of future cognitive decline in otherwise healthy elders. As ERPs are also accessible and affordable relative to other neuroimaging methods, their addition to cognitive assessment might substantively enhance early identification and characterization of neural dysfunction, allowing opportunity for earlier differential diagnosis and targeting of intervention. To evaluate this possibility there is urgent need for well-powered studies assessing late cognitive ERPs during complex tasks, particularly in healthy elders at risk for cognitive decline.
Algorithmic Jingle Jungle: A Comparison of Implementations of Principal Axis Factoring and Promax Rotation in R and SPSS
Authors: Grieder Silvia , Steiner Markus D.
Published: September 2020

A statistical procedure is assumed to produce comparable results across programs. Using the case of an exploratory factor analysis procedure—principal axis factoring (PAF) and promax rotation—we show that this assumption is not always justified. Procedures with equal names are sometimes implemented differently across programs: a jingle fallacy. Focusing on two popular statistical analysis programs, we indeed discovered a jingle jungle for the above procedure: Both PAF and promax rotation are implemented differently in the psych R package and in SPSS. Based on analyses with 230 real and 216,000 simulated data sets implementing 108 different data structures, we show that these differences in implementations can result in fairly different factor solutions for a variety of different data structures. Differences in the solutions for real data sets ranged from negligible to very large, with 38% displaying at least one different indicator-to-factor correspondence. A simulation study revealed systematic differences in accuracies between different implementations, and large variation between data structures, with small numbers of indicators per factor, high factor intercorrelations, and weak factors resulting in the lowest accuracies. Moreover, although there was no single combination of settings that was superior for all data structures, we identified implementations of PAF and promax that maximize performance on average. We recommend researchers to use these implementations as best way through the jungle, discuss model averaging as a potential alternative, and highlight the importance of adhering to best practices of scale construction.
Investigating the relationship between emotional granularity and cardiorespiratory physiological activity in daily life
Authors: Hoemann Katie , Khan Zulqarnain , Kamona Nada , Barrett Lisa Feldman , Quigley Karen
Published: September 2020

Emotional granularity describes the ability to create emotional experiences that are precise and context-specific. Despite growing evidence of a link between emotional granularity and mental health, the physiological correlates of granularity have been under-investigated. This study explored the relationship between granularity and cardiorespiratory physiological activity in everyday life, with particular reference to the role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an estimate of vagal influence on the heart often associated with positive mental and physical health outcomes. Participants completed a physiologically triggered experience sampling protocol including ambulatory recording of electrocardiogram (ECG), impedance cardiogram (ICG), movement, and posture. At each prompt, participants generated emotion labels to describe their current experience. In an end-of-day survey, participants elaborated on each prompt by rating the intensity of their experience on a standard set of emotion adjectives. Consistent with our hypotheses, individuals with higher granularity exhibited a larger number of distinct patterns of physiological activity during seated rest, and more situationally precise patterns of activity during emotional events: granularity was positively correlated with the number of clusters of cardiorespiratory physiological activity discovered in seated rest data, as well as with the performance of classifiers trained on event-related changes in physiological activity. Granularity was also positively associated with RSA during seated rest periods, although this relationship did not reach significance in this sample. These findings are consistent with constructionist accounts of emotion that propose concepts as a key mechanism underlying individual differences in emotional experience, physiological regulation, and physical health.
Pan, Sana, Samani, Cooke, and Kim (2020) Students' and instructors' beliefs about learning from errors
Authors: Pan Steven C. , Sana Faria , SAMANI JOSHUA , Cooke James , Kim Joe
Published: September 2020

In some educational contexts, such as during assessments, it is essential to avoid errors. In other contexts, however, generating an error can foster valuable learning opportunities. For instance, generating errors can improve memory for correct answers. In two surveys conducted at three large public universities in North America, we investigated undergraduate students’ and instructors’ awareness of the pedagogical benefits of generating errors, as well as related practices, attitudes, and beliefs. Surveyed topics included the incorporation of errors into learning activities, opinions about the consequences of studying errors, and approaches to feedback. Many students had an aversion towards making errors during learning and did not use opportunities to engage in errorful generation, yet studied or analysed errors when they occurred. Many instructors had a welcoming attitude towards errors that occur during learning, yet varied in providing students with resources that facilitate errorful generation. Overall, these findings reveal the prevalence of an ambivalent approach to errors: Students and instructors avoid generating errors but prioritise learning from them when they occur. These results have important implications for the implementation of pretesting, productive failure, and other error-focused learning techniques in educational contexts.
The epidemiology of cognitive development
Authors: Guez Ava , Peyre Hugo , Williams Camille , Labouret Ghislaine , Ramus Franck
Published: September 2020

The epidemiology of cognitive development is an approach essentially based on large observational studies, which examines individual differences in cognitive abilities throughout childhood and their determinants. Although different in terms of methodology and main interests from developmental psychology, cognitive epidemiology offers complementary viewpoints on cognitive development and addresses fundamental research questions of interest to developmental psychologists. The present paper depicts the contributions of the epidemiological approach to the field of cognitive development and highlights the methodological advances that have made such contributions possible. We discuss the stability and developmental trajectories of cognitive functions, their main predictors, the complex interplay between environmental and genetic predictors, and the relationships between the different domains of cognition from birth to adulthood.
Major investment in active travel in Outer London: impacts on travel behaviour, physical activity, and health
Authors: Aldred Rachel , Woodcock James , Goodman Anna
Published: September 2020

Introduction: This paper analyses three years’ data from the People and Places longitudinal study. This study examines the travel behaviour impact of major investments in active travel infrastructure in three Outer London boroughs (the ‘mini-Hollands programme’).Methods: The People and Places survey, conducted annually in May-June, treats the mini-Holland interventions as a ‘natural experiment’. Participants in other Outer London boroughs form a control group. The survey had over 3,000 respondents at baseline (May-June 2016). Three follow-up waves each had over 1400 repeat respondents. A difference-in-differences analysis was used to compare changes in active travel uptake in intervention and control groups. Further analysis examines likelihood of meeting targets for past-week active travel and all physical activity. Finally, the article conducts a health economic benefit assessment based on uptake of active travel at Wave 3.Results: At all waves, living close to mini-Holland interventions (‘high-dose’ areas) was consistently associated with increased duration of past-week active travel, compared with the control group (44.0 extra minutes in Wave 2, 41.0 in Wave 1, and 41.5 in Wave 3). Changes in active travel behaviour were stronger in the high-dose area than in the low-dose area. Most of the increase was in walking. People living in high-dose areas were 13% more likely at Wave 3 to achieve 140 minutes active travel than people in control areas. People living in high- or low-dose areas in mini-Holland boroughs were more likely to be physically active for 5 days in the past week. The 20- year health economic benefit in high-dose areas from three years’ of interventions (costing £80 million) is £724 million.Conclusion: Ambitious interventions can yield substantial health economic benefits from changes in active travel. This includes early uptake of walking as well as cycling. Most of the increase was in walking but the ratio varied by year.
MARPE for the treatment and cure of OSAS: Aruba experience
Authors: Kawaiah Abdal Hadi , Kondepati Ananda Kumar , Pasumarthi Shalini Devaprasad , Mishra Tulika , Singh Pratik Kumar , Nijhar Pukhraj Singh
Published: September 2020

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is defined as “the stoppage of ventilation or incidence of significant hypoventilation during sleep, which is characterized by episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction related with hypoxemia and/or hypercarbia. There have been many treatments reported for this syndrome including Mandibular repositioning appliance (MRA), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), weight loss, exercise, intraoral appliance therapy, soft tissue procedures, and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery. Present study is an attempt where three patients of OSAS have been treated withMiniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE). The results of BMI, AHI index showed the promising effect. Even the use of MARPE has improved the air flow and increased the rapid palatal area.
Lipid-lowering and anti-lipase properties of powder fractions of Dichrostachys glomerata fruits
Authors: Josiane Ngatchic Metsagang Therese , Nikaise Douanla  Nodem Forestine , Baudelaire Ndjantou Elie , Nicolas Njintang Yanou
Published: September 2020

Background: Fruits of Dichrostachys glomerata have in the last ten years benefited from special attention as a lipid-lowering plant. Recent studies show that biological activities of some plants depend on granulometry of their powder particles.
Aims and Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess antihyperlipidemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-lipase properties of powder fractions of the fruits of Dichrostachys glomerata.
Materials and Methods: The groups of rats on which the antihyperlipidemic test was done were fed with High Fat Diet and supplemented with powder fractions: ≥180μm, 212–180μm, 315–212μm, ≥315 μm and unsieved powder of Dichrostachys glomerata fruits at dose of 250 mg/kg for four weeks. For the hypolipidemic test, the diet was changed to normal diet and the powder fraction: 212 – 180μm, was given to rats for four weeks. Lipase inhibitory activity was determined using olive oil as substrate.
Results: The antihyperlipidemic test showed that powder fractions reduced levels of total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol and triglycerides, groups taken powder fractions 212 –180µm and <180µm, presented the lowest values. HDL-Cholesterol levels increased, significant increases were observed in groups fed with powder fractions 315–212µm, 212–180µm, <180µm and unsieved powder. Concerning hypolipidemic test, powder fraction 212–180 µm decreased levels of total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol and triglycerides. 86.43% of the activity of pancreatic lipase was reduced to a concentration of 25mg/ml with an IC50 of 5mg/ml.
Conclusion: Antihyperlipidemic properties of Dichrostachys glomerata fruits depended on powder fractions. Fraction 180-212μm exhibits hypolipidemic effects. The inhibition of pancreatic lipase is one of the mechanisms which could explain lipid- lowering properties of Dichrostachys glomerata fruits.
Psychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Authors: Ghosh Ambarish , Desai Birva , Halder Arghya , Ghosh Aniruddha , Das Priyanka , Saldanha Daniel
Published: September 2020

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is an alteration in brain function, caused by an external force. With rapid surge in urbanization, motorization and economic liberalization in India, risk of TBI is increased, raising a cause for concern about its neurological as well as psychiatric sequelae.
Aims and Objectives: This study was planned to understand the magnitude of the problem which could give us insights to manage/ rehabilitate it in a more comprehensive manner.
Materials and Methods: The current study included 50 patients aged 18-60 years at DY Patil Medical College, Pune. GCS scores were noted for severity of TBI. Patients were assessed through MMSE, BCRS, HAM-A & BDI.
Results: On GCS, 20% cases had severe head injury; 22% moderate and 58% had mild. On MMSE initially, at six months and one year; 26.19%, 21.88% & 11.1% cases had cognitive impairment respectively. On BCRS, 38.10%, 34.4% & 37.10% cases had cognitive deterioration initially, at six month & at one year respectively. On HAM-A, mild & moderate to severe anxiety was found in 64.3% & 35.7% cases respectively. On BDI, initially 7.14% cases had depression, 25% at six months and 37.05% after one year. No statistically significant change was seen in BCRS score during follow up. Comparison of the mean scores at first interview and at six months demonstrated statistically significant (P-value p<0.005) differences in MMSE as well as BDI.
Conclusion: TBI is associated with n increased risk of psychiatric disorders and may need psychiatric interventions later.
Effect of academic stress on physical activity level and cognitive functions in first year medical students: An observational study
Authors: Sorout Jitendra , Kodidala Satyanath Reddy , Soni Harsha , Singh Priyanka , Sharma Nirmal
Published: September 2020

Background: Newly admitted medical students experience a different curriculum, which can be a stressor and may be the reason of stress during student life. Stress may affect physiological, psychological and cognitive functions of the students.
Aims and Objective: Aim of the study was to assess the effect of academic stress on physical activity level and cognitive functions in first year medical students.
Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted on 30 healthy newly admitted medical students (18 -25 years). The data was collected thrice, baseline, after two months and after four months. Stress was assessed by using DASS and Cohen perceived stress scale (PSS). GPAQ was used to estimate the physical activity level. And cognitive functions were assessed by using subjective method (MMSE questionnaire) and objective method (P300).
Results: No significant difference of mean values of age, height, weight, BMI, physical activity level, DASS score, PSS and P300 latency were observed over the time to which recording was taken. The mean score of PAL represents the high physical activity. But the score of DASS and PSS represent severe and moderate stress level respectively. The significant difference was seen in the mean values of MMSE score and P300 amplitude over the time to which recording taken.
Conclusion: The present study results we can conclude that students have stress during their academic period. And this stress might be helpful in potentiating the cognitive functions with the optimum physical activity.
Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy compared with conventional surgical tracheostomy in neurosurgery intensive care unit
Authors: Rai Shiwani , Adhikari Suman , Bhandari Prabin , Koirala Krishna Prasad , Karmacharya Balgopal , Yogi Nikunja
Published: September 2020

Background: Tracheostomy is a commonly performed procedure in intensive care units (ICU). Percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy (PDT) has achieved wide acceptance recently since its first introduction by Ciagila in 1985.
Aims and Objective: The current study was designed and aimed to compare conventional tracheostomy (CT) with percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy using Grigg’s GWDF technique in terms of operative timing, duration of ICU and hospital stay and complications.
Materials and Methods: A prospective, single blinded, randomized study was done in between April 2019 to December 2019. Patients were randomly assigned into CT group and PDT group of 32 patients in each group. Data were recorded in terms of demographics, preoperative diagnosis, GCS, comorbidities, ICU stay, hospital stay, decanulation time, operative time and various complications. Data were compared using student’s t test for continuous variables and Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 20.
Results: Mean operative time in CT group was 35.00±9.56 min and in PDT group was 18.17±8.78 min and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.00). Similarly, there was statistically significant difference in overall complications in between conventional and percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy group. However, there was no significant difference in terms of total ICU stay, hospital stay and tracheostomy decanulation time in between these group. There was no statistical difference in between individual category of complications in between the two study groups.
Conclusion: Percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy is equally safe and effective as conventional tracheostomy but with lower incidence of overall complications and faster to perform.
Evaluasi Kinerja Bank Sampah " Sekar Arum " di Perumahan Wilis Indah II, Kelurahan Pojok, Kecamatan Mojoroto, Kota Kediri
Authors: Alala Pratama Sandi , Budianto Agus
Published: September 2020

Bank Sampah adalah tempat penerimaan sampah yang telah dipilih. Bank Sampah berdiri karena adanya pemikiran masyarakat untuk memperbaiki pengelolaan sampah, dengan melakukan inovasi tertentu. Peningkatan volume imbulan sampah menimbulkan permasalah pada kapasitas tempat pemrosesan akhir. Salah satu cara untuk mengelola sampah adalah dengan adanya bank sampah. Salah satu bank sampah yang ada di Kota Kediri adalah Bank Sampah Sekar Arum di perumahan Wilis Indah II, Kelurahan Pojok, Kecamatan Mojoroto, Kota Kediri. Karakterisitik persampahan melalui bank sampah sekar arum di perumahan wilis indah II, kelurahan pojok, kecamatan mojoroto, kota kediri untuk jenis sampah yang dominan dikelola adalah plastik dan sampah kertas, dengan prosentase 86,5 persen, sedangkan sisanya sekitar 15,5 persen merupakan sampah jenis kaleng bekas. Timbulan rata-rata sampah kertas yaitu 589,7/kg untuk kertas 373,5/kg untuk plastik. Sampah yang berhasil direduksi pada bank sampah dengan jumlah nasabah rata-rata 130 orang memiliki jumlah penerimaan sampah sebesar 30,2 kg/bulan.
ESR and magnetic studies of nickel ions doped P2O5–ZnO–Na2O glassy system
Authors: Rayan D. A. , Elbashar Y. H. , Moslem S. S.
Published: September 2020

We prepared 42P2O5–40ZnO–(18-x)Na2O–(x)NiO glasses doped with xNiO where 1 ≤ x ≤ 6 mol.%. The optical absorption indicates that the nickel ions exist in both sites tetrahedral and octahedral as the concentration of NiO is increased. This investigation has provided the increasing degree of disorder in the glass network at higher concentrations of NiO. The magnetic characteristics investigated by two techniques electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra and magnetic properties using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. The ESR spectra exhibit resonance signal without hyperfine interaction of all the investigated glass samples. It is found that Ni2+ ions were in octahedral sites and it has 3A2g as ground state. The spin-Hamiltonian parameters are evaluated from the ESR spectra and we found a variation of   and   with different nickel concentration. Interesting results are found for the number of Ni2+ ions participating in resonance (N) and paramagnetic susceptibility (χ). The magnetic properties were performed at room temperature under an applied field of 20 kOe and the hysteresis loops of the powders were extracted for all the considered samples.
Thermal quantum correlations of spin chain with multiple interactions
Authors: Ahadpour S. , Mirmasoudi F.
Published: September 2020

In order to explore the impact of distance between spins on quantum correlation, we compute trace ditance discord (TDD) and spin squeezing in an anisotropic Heisenberg XYZ model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the presence of the external magnetic field. It is valuable to investigate that how we can protect quantum correlations in system when the distance between the spins is promoted. We find that rich Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and low temperature can be effective for quantum correlations with increasing distance between spins. As, at sufficeintly low temperature In addition, the generated correlated channels are inspected to interchange the information between the system qubits applying the standard dense coding protocol; then, the dense coding capacity of the transmitted information is quantified. It is found that the strength Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and magnetic field have a great impact on the dynamics of the quantum correlations and, consequently, the quality of the generated channels to exchange the information.  Therefore, the effect of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction for various strengths of temperature needs to be considered to have valid dense coding when distance of spin increases.
Hidden in Plain Sight: The Representation of Immigrants and Minorities in Political Science Textbooks
Authors: Tolley Erin
Published: September 2020

Textbooks frame students’ understanding of the discipline and signal which topics are important. Research suggests political science textbooks lack diverse perspectives, but much of this literature has focused on American texts. Do these findings travel? My analysis of Canadian politics textbooks shows although there is considerable diversity content, immigrants and minorities rarely appear as key political actors and almost never in the context of Parliament, the judiciary, or bureaucracy; rather, most of their coverage is siloed in the textbooks’ diversity-specific chapters. Issues related to inequality are largely glossed over, and exclusion is presented as a historical artefact. The findings suggest students’ first introduction to Canadian politics is generic and quite narrow, with insufficient attention to immigrants’ and minorities’ political contributions and experiences. These portrayals may limit students’ understanding of diversity and produce scholars who are ill-equipped to address questions of marginalization and injustice in broader society.
Artificial Wombs and the Ectogenesis Conversation: A Misplaced Focus? Technology, Abortion, and Reproductive Freedom
Authors: Chloe Romanis Elizabeth , Horn Claire
Published: September 2020

Bioethics scholarship considering the possibility of gestating an embryo to full term in an artificial womb (ectogenesis) often overstates the capacities of current technologies and underestimates the barriers to the development of full ectogenesis. Moreover, this debate causes harm by (1) neglecting more immediate problems in the development of artificial wombs, (2) treating abortion as a “problem with a technological solution,” bolstering anti-abortion rhetoric, and (3) presuming the stability of women’s reproductive rights. The ectogenesis conversation must consider anticipated uses of the technology (neonatal intensive care) and acknowledge the immediate context (recognizing abortion as essential healthcare and existing reproductive inequities).
Colour Stability of Restorative Materials: A Spectrophotometric Study
Authors: Konstantina Roussou , Katakidis Anastasios , Konstantina Roussou , Vouzara Triantafyllia , Chatzopoulos Dimitrios , Styliara Charikleia , Koulaouzidou Elisabeth , Economides Nikolaos
Published: September 2020

Background: Colour stability of esthetic restorative materials is a crucial factor for restorations success.
The aim of this study to determine the colour stability of two newly introduced composite resins after
artificial aging in coffee and black tea.
Materials and Methods: Disk-shaped specimens from each resin composite (Ceram X one, Dentsply,
Germany and G-aenial, GC Corporation, Japan) were prepared and immersed in coffee, tea or distilled water
for 24hours and one month. Colour measurements were made at baseline, 24hours and one-month intervals
using a reflectance spectrophotometer (UV-VIS 2401PC, SHIMADZU, Japan) and the CIEDE2000 system.
Statistical Analysis: Mean values and standard deviation were figured out for each specimen and data were
statistically analysed with the use of IBM® SPSS® Statistics for Windows, Version 25.
Results: For both time periods of immersion in coffee, there were no statistically significant differences
between mean ΔΕ values of the tested materials (P>0.05). One month after immersion in tea, ΔΕ values of
Ceram X one and G-aenial presented statistically significant difference (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Coffee showed the greatest staining potential, followed by black tea. After one-month
immersion in coffee, ΔΕ was material independent. Conversely, after one-month aging in tea, the colour
difference ΔE was material and time dependent.