bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EKSPLORASI NILAI-NILAI KONSELING DALAM PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL GOBAK SODOR DI KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO
Authors: Mohamad Fadil  , Samsul Arifin  , Abd. Mughni
Published: February 2024

The gobak sodor game is a game played in groups, where the group of guards tries to block the attacking group when they want to pass through the game squares. The traditional game Gobak Sodor contains many positive values. The aim of this research is to explore the counseling values contained in the traditional game gobak sodor in Bondowoso Regency. This research uses qualitative research methods with an ethnographic type of research. From the research results, there are counseling values in the traditional game of gobak sodor in Bondowoso Regency, namely: spirituality, kinship, honesty, cooperation, strategy setting, leadership, social care, physical and mental health.
PESAN DAKWAH DALAM QOSIDAH MUKTAMAR KE-34 NU KARYA DR. (H.C.) KH. AFIFUDDIN MUHAJIR
Authors: Harif Yurman Syahfajri  , Wisri  , M.Syakur
Published: February 2024

The Qosidah of the 34th Congress is a syi'iran written by DR. (H.C) KH. Afifudin Muhajir's

intention was none other than Mahabbah's love for Nahdlatul Ulama, with the hope that it would

be a means of gaining the approval of Al

lah SWT. Therefore, the author's aim in conducting this

research is to describe the da'wah message contained in the muktamar qosidah by DR. (H.C) KH.

Afifuddin Muhajir. The research method used in this research is library research or what is usually

called

the Hermeneutics method. This method focuses on the activity of interpreting or meaning

the text contained in the research object being studied. The conclusion and results of this research

are that the da'wah messages studied by researchers are that there

are three categories of da'wah

messages, namely creed messages, sharia messages and moral messages. Of the three messages

that researchers can express in the qosidah congress, there are three types of aqidah messages,

namely faith in Allah, Allah's Messen

ger and faith in the qodlo and qadar of Allah SWT.

Meanwhile, there are two sharia messages contained in the qosidah, namely the sharia message in

the form of worship, namely prayer and the sharia message in the form of deliberation. Finally, the

moral mes

sage contained in the qosidah is morals towards Allah, the Messenger of Allah and

morals towards humans which are divided into three, namely morals towards oneself, towards

family and towards other people.
Contabilidad Carbono y Comités Ambientales en Empresas de la BMV
Authors: Salazar-García Jesús David , Briseño-García Arturo , Cumpean-Luna Joel Alejandro
Published: February 2024

El objetivo es analizar la relación entre la contabilidad del carbono y los comités ambientales en las empresas que cotizan en la BMV. Mientras la literatura sobre la contabilidad del carbono explica ampliamente la existencia de varios niveles de implementación, desde el simple registro de la huella de carbono hasta métodos de contabilidad más sofisticados para expresar las responsabilidades de las empresas, aún permanece un debate continuo sobre cómo estos diferentes niveles de contabilidad de carbono se relacionan con el establecimiento de comités ambientales dentro de las empresas. Dentro del método de investigación se utilizó la regresión logística para probar el efecto de los niveles de contabilidad de carbono (variable independiente) sobre la presencia de comités ambientales (variable dependiente) controlando por tipo de industria y tamaño de la empresa. Los resultados muestran que no todos los niveles de contabilidad del carbono aumentan la probabilidad de que exista un comité medioambiental. Los hallazgos sugieren que los niveles más superficiales de contabilidad del carbono que se aplican en México aumentan la probabilidad de que las empresas cuenten con comités medioambientales para fomentar la actividad relacionada con el carbono. La originalidad radica en la medición de la contabilidad de carbono, la cual carece de exploración en estudios que aborden contextos latinoamericanos. Las limitaciones del estudio vislumbran la necesidad de realizar estudios longitudinales para observar el efecto de la relación entre las variables en el tiempo.
L’image, reproduction, transformation, création de l’« irréel » ? Quelques notes sur l’anthropologie de l’imagination
Authors: Wunenburger Jean-Jacques
Published: February 2024

Sous forme de quelques notes autour d’une anthropologie de l’imagination, l’article interroge les relations complexes entre imaginaire et perception, en procédant à une synthèse sur les grandes traditions philosophiques qui concernent l’image. Entre conscience perceptive et conscience imageante, la ligne de démarcation demeure problématique, selon que l’imagination tire des sens la matière de ses images ou produise des représentations nouvelles donnant corps à un irréel, voire à un surréel. Dérivation appauvrie et reviviscence trompeuse de la perception dans la tradition empiriste, elle précède l’expérience pour Kant. L’imagination a au moins trois fonctions : suppléance, amplification et révélation du réel, correspondant chacune à des intentionnalités différenciées : imager, imaginer, imaginaliser. L’imaginal, comme corrélat de l’imagination créatrice, actualise des images épiphaniques ne se laissant réduire ni à la reproduction ni à la fiction. Il s’agit d’images primordiales, à portée universelle, ne dépendant pas des conditions subjectives de celui qui les perçoit.
La perception des couleurs dans les traités de recettes de fausses pierres précieuses (1520-1689)
Authors: Adam Véronique
Published: February 2024

L’étude de la perception de la couleur (représentations, synesthésie, dénominations, usages et classification) dans des traités de recettes rédigés entre 1520 et 1689, portant sur la fabrication et les étapes de la couleur dans des objets divers (remèdes, fards et majoritairement pierres précieuses) montre que la couleur n’est pas qu’une surface apparente mais aussi une substance sensible en particulier, le blanc et le rouge. Principe d’unité de matières diverses, lorsqu’elle est associée à des signifiés variables et des signifiants, elle devient parfois contradictoire, si bien que la couleur offre aussi un jeu sur la dénomination qui fait d’elle un signe dont le sens est parfois clair, parfois obscur, et en tout cas mobile (azur, vermillon). Le lecteur contemporain ne perçoit donc pas la couleur comme l’artisan de la Renaissance. Enfin comme principe de classification, elle montre un déséquilibre et une hiérarchie des couleurs qui, tout en offrant une structure aux recettes, confère au rouge et à ses nuances une place de choix.
Trajets bistables dans la liminalité des imaginaires de métamorphose du massif de l’Atlas. Notes d’anthropologie neurocognitive
Authors: Armand Fabio
Published: February 2024

De la structuration des rites de passage, depuis le célèbre ouvrage d’Arnold Van Gennep (1909), à l’essence de la liminalité appréhendée par Victor Turner (1967), nous proposons une approche d’anthropologie neurocognitive pour faire face à la liminalité bistable que nous retrouvons dans les imaginaires narratifs humains. Dans un nexus cerveau-culture, nous interrogerons la phase liminale des rites de passage en nous appuyant sur la propriété de bistabilité cognitive énactive du cerveau humain. Sachant que la propriété fondamentale des systèmes bistables est l’alternance de deux états d’équilibre stables distincts, nous proposons un modèle qui précise les bases neurocognitives sur lesquelles peuvent se tisser les variations transculturelles des motifs narratifs liés à la métamorphose.
Nisargadatta Maharaj devant les sciences humaines : éloge de l’homme sans qualité. Une anthropologie trouée ?
Authors: Fintz Claude
Published: February 2024

Dans un propos (indirectement et involontairement) iconoclaste, Claude Fintz se propose de mettre en perspective l’univers conceptuel des sciences humaines en le confrontant à la pensée d’un maître de l’advaïta indien contemporain, Nisargadatta Maharaj — tel que la reflète son disciple Ramesh S. Balsekar. Dans cet « entre » de la quête scientifique et spirituelle, seront mises en résonance les grandes notions de la philosophie du sujet. L’auteur fait l’hypothèse que cette paradoxale rencontre est susceptible de faire émerger le mystère d’une recherche en première personne où, dans le contexte d’une certaine philosophie de la conscience (mise en résonance avec la quête de Henri Michaux), le sujet regardant s’avère être le miroir de l’objet regardé. Cette apocalypse projette du vitriol sur les bulles conceptuelles que sont le prétendu sujet (et son libre arbitre), le savoir et l’imaginaire — autant de constituants des « sciences » humaines, bordées en fait par le néant, selon une anthropologie « trouée ».
Challenges faced by teachers to use multimedia in classroom and students’ perception from it: a case study on a selected college in Bangladesh
Authors: Azad Abul Kalam
Published: February 2024

The increasing popularity of multimedia-based classes (MMCs) can be attributed to their efficacy and the favorable reception they have received from students. Bangladeshi educational institutions face challenges to incorporate multimedia-based classes (MMCs) due to several inside and outside barriers relative to teachers, but there is a little literary work on the challenges faced by teachers in Bangladeshi government college context as well as students’ perception on multimedia-based classes. Bangladeshi government college teachers like Cumilla Victoria Government College (CVGC) face a number of challenges to incorporate MMCs. Solutions are urgently needed to improve the teaching-learning environment of Bangladeshi Government Colleges. For this purpose 9 teachers and 9 students of CVGC were chosen by following qualitative research approach. Case study and FGD were done into both groups of respondents. Besides those, observation in classroom was done by the researcher. The study discloses that the teachers face a number of challenges to use multimedia in classroom. The major challenges have been found as inappropriate classrooms, lack of efficiency of teachers on multimedia content development, lack of proper steps from authorities and large number of students in classrooms. Both teachers and students acknowledge that utilizing multimedia in teaching-learning is the most effective approach to foster long-lasting connection within classroom settings. Additionally, it has been observed that MMCs have the potential to exhibit enhanced performance. The solutions to the challenges should be viewed from all levels like personal to administrative levels for ensuring the quality education of competitive world.
Challenges in Diagnosing Functional Visual Loss and Malingering: a Case Report
Authors: Rona Ali Badjrai  , Sarah Shabrina  , Subandono Bambang Indrasto  , Arlin Chyntia Dewi
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction : Functional Visual Loss (FVL) is decreased visual acuity and/or altered visual fields without any associated organic pathology and is considered within the spectrum of malingering. It manifests as either simulating an ophthalmic disease or denying ophthalmic disease. Thorough history-taking and careful examination of the patient are essential in reaching the diagnosis.

Case Illustration : A 17-year-old female came with complaints of a spinning headache, sudden and painless blurry vision in both eyes, double vision, and a history of syncope for the last two days. Ophthalmology examination revealed UCVA was 0.5/60 for both eyes with inconsistent answers from the patient. The confrontation test, light reflex, funduscopy, Humphrey visual test, OCT, and MRI were normal. Malingering was suspected and a psychiatric consultation was made. The patient was found to be a victim of bullying and had a history of visual hallucinations. The patient was then diagnosed with severe depression with psychotic signs.

Discussion : 

Conclusion : FVL can be suspected when there is inconsistency in the results of some clinical basic tests. Despite the association between FVL and psychological problems like depression is complicated, this condition may occur in a bidirectional relationship in which depression leads to disability or contrarily. In conclusion, diagnosing visual problems in malingering patients can be challenging. Subjective and objective tests are needed to help practitioners confirm the malingering state of the patient. Practitioners also should be aware of the underlying risk of psychological problems among persons reporting visual function loss.
Trends of Diabetic Retinopathy Research from 2018-2022: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Aulia Ariadne
Published: February 2024

Introduction & Objectives : Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness. Abundant studies have been done around the topic. This study aims to identify research hotspot of DR during the last five years.

Methods : Document search in the Scopus database was done using the term “diabetic retinopathy” in Title, Abstracts, and Author Keywords. We included only articles written in English published between 2018 and 2022. The dataset were analyzed using VOSviewer to conduct bibliometric analysis, such as citation analysis of sources and institutions, co-authorship analysis of countries, and co- occurrence analysis of author keywords.

Results : A total of 8.377 articles on DR were retrieved. Number of articles in DR had been increasing steadily overtime. China had the most publications with over 2.000 articles, while United States had the most international collaboration. The most active institution was Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases. Scientific Reports was the most prolific journal in DR research. Co- occurrence analysis of author keywords formed 5 clusters; DR management, risk factors for DR, examination for DR, pathogenesis of DR, and diagnostic method for DR.

Conclusion : This study revealed research trends on diabetic retinopathy research for the last five years. It may provide information for researchers to identify potential collaborator and give better insight on DR research topics
Prospective Study on the Surgical Outcome of Eyelid Carcinoma
Authors: HENING NALURIA
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Introduction Resection of eyelid carcinoma may lead to a risk of recurrences which might increase if excision was incomplete. Risk factors of incomplete surgical removal and recurrences are deep infiltration, spreading outside the macroscopic border, eye socket penetration, and histological type of the eyelid carcinoma. Objective To evaluate the surgical outcomes of eyelid carcinomas.

Methods : This is a hospital based prospective observational study involving 16 patients. Prior to the surgery patients were evaluated for visual acuity, intra ocular pressure, extra ocular motility, fundus examination, and local clinical examinations. The eyelid carcinomas were histological detected concerning carcinoma type and margin involvement. Local anesthesia was applied. Patients were evaluated 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after surgery for local complications, patients satisfaction on surgical results, and recurrences. The surgical technic applied in this study were also observed.

Results : Dominant tumor type were basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (87, 44%). The locations were at right and left lower eyelid with percentage of 68. 7 % and 31. 3 % respectively. All patients satisfied on surgery outcomes (100%). Three patients (6. 25 %) with complications were found within 6 months after the surgery. There were no recurrences during follow up period. Surgery procedures applied were modified hughe’s procedure (56. 25%) and mass excision and reconstruction (43. 75%).

Conclusion : There was less complications and no recurrences within 6 months after surgery. All patients satisfied with the surgical outcomes.
UNRESOLVED QUESTIONS ABOUT COATS DISEASE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Ardityastiti Khairani Azizah , Wibawaty Halida
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Coats disease (CD) is an idiopathic retinal vascular disorder accompanied by retinal telangiectasia with intraretinal and/or subretinal exudation without appreciable retinal or vitreal traction. The disease most common in young males and unilateral involvement. The etiopathogenesis of CD is unclear. However, previous studies have reported changes in inflammatory cytokines, and levels of VEGF in aqueous humor are also higher in patients with CD.

Case Illustration : We reported a 19-year-old man with complaints of decreased vision, floaters, and uncomfortable feelings in his RE, since one year before presentation. Initial examination showed visual acuity of the RE was 0.5F2 and the LE was 1.0. Examination of posterior segment showed irregularly-dilated telangiectatic vessels and exudative RD. We performed an OCT examination in both eyes and the results showed extensive cystoid macular edema in the RE. Ultrasonography of the RE also showed an exudative RD. The patient was diagnosed with Coats disease grade 3 and planned to receive intravitreal anti-VEGF injection in RE. After the second injection, OCT examination results showed no improvement in the patient's eye condition. Until now, we’re still trying to find a suitable therapy and considering laser photocoagulation.

Discussion : Previous studies showed that there was an improvement in some CD patients only with anti-VEGF injections, but some other patients didn’t improve and had to get other additional therapy with laser photocoagulation/cryotherapy. It’s related to the severity of the disease, where a disease with grade ?3, tends to require combination therapy with laser photocoagulation/cryotherapy.

Conclusion : Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections alone don’t show improvement in CD grade?3.
COENZYME Q10 EFFECT ON NMDA RECEPTOR EXPRESSION AND RETINAL GANGLION CELL DENSITY (Experimental Study in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy Model of Wistar Rat)
Authors: FRANSISKA BANJARNAHOR  , RISKI PRIHATNINGTIAS  , TRILAKSANA NUGROHO  , HERMAWAN ISTIADI
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Traumatic optic neuropathy is a visual disturbance condition after acute injury to optic nerve. This injury results in retinal ganglion cells ischemic leading to excitotoxicity and apoptosis. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an antioxidant and cofactor in electron transport within mitochondria that inhibits glutamate excitotoxicity and thereby preventing retinal ganglion cell apoptosis. This research aims to prove the effect of coenzyme Q10 on NMDA receptor expression and retinal ganglion cell density in rat model of traumatic optic neuropathy.

Methods : This study use post-test only randomized controlled groups design. Traumatic optic neuropathy wistar rats model was made by optic nerve crushed method, then given oral CoQ10 100mg/kgBW after 1 hour for 14 days in treatment group. Retinal histopathological specimen was made with immunohistochemistry and Haematoxyllin-eosin staining and examined under microscope with 400x magnification. Data was verified and statistically analyzed.

Results : The NMDA receptor expression in the treatment group was significantly lower than control (p=0.009). The retinal ganglion cell density in the treatment group was significantly higher than control (p=0.009). There was a significant correlation between NMDA receptor expression and retinal ganglion cell density in the treatment group (p = 0.012) with a strong negative correlation direction (r = - 0.652).

Conclusion : Administration of CoQ10 in traumatic optic neuropathy model rats affects NMDA receptor expression and retinal ganglion cell density. NMDA receptor expression was lower with higher retinal ganglion cell density in the treatment group. NMDA receptor expression was inversely proportional to retinal ganglion cell density in the treatment group.
Binocular therapy for amblyopia in children: a systematic review and meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Diajeng Ayesha Soeharto  , Abritho Zaifar  , Natassha Priscillia Wibowo  , Julie Dewi Barliana
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Concerns for low compliance and mixed outcomes with conventional deprivation therapy prompt the need to explore new modes of amblyopia treatment. Novel binocular therapy using movies or games may offer comparable outcomes with better compliance, theoretically strengthening the amblyopic eye by enhancing stereopsis. This study aims to elucidate current evidence regarding binocular therapy in comparison to conventional therapy in treating amblyopia in children.

Methods : Comprehensive literature search across five electronic databases was conducted using keywords selected a priori. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on binocular therapy in children with amblyopia were included and critically appraised using Cochrane risk of bias tool by three reviewers. Primary outcome was improvement of amblyopic eye VA, and a meta-analysis was conducted for quantitative data analysis.

Results : We included 16 RCTs eligible for inclusion with a total sample size of 1,520 patients. In comparing binocular therapy to either patching or spectacles, there was no overall significant difference in terms of VA change from baseline. Subgroup analysis suggests binocular therapy may be favorable within 2-4 weeks, although not statistically significant. Albeit subgroup analysis of video-based binocular therapy revealed significant improvement in VA compared to patching (0.39 logMAR, [0.03, 0.74], p = 0.03), yet the same was not found for game-based binocular therapy.

Conclusion : Efficacy of binocular therapy as a substitute for conventional therapy in treating amblyopia is not yet substantiated. Further exploration to determine most effective treatment protocol is needed, including strategies to increase adherence. Video-based therapy shows potential for improving outcomes and warrants further investigation.
Effect of Vitamin D3 on Caspase-3 Expression of Retinal Ganglion Cell Wistar Rats with N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-induced Model of Glaucoma
Authors: Mahanani Seia , Maharani  , Saubig Arnila Novitasari , Winarto  , Dharma Andhika Guna , Hermawan
Published: February 2024

Introduction & ObjectivesIntroduction: Vitamin D is a neuroprotective neurosteroid hormone with antioxidant, antiinflammatoryand anti-ischemic properties that can reduce the entry of intracellular calcium,thereby reducing cytochrome-c, modulating inflammation, increasing Nitric Oxide production bysuppressing oxidative stress and activating caspase-3 activation. Excitotoxicity due to N-Methyl-DAspartatecauses caspase-3 activation due to increased calcium in cells and describes thepathogenesis of vascular factor glaucoma due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage in the absenceof an increase in intraocular pressure. RGC damage can be assessed by the expression of caspase-3which is a proapoptotic agent that acts as the main effector caspase in the mechanism of apoptosis.Objective: Proving the effect of vitamin D3 on caspase-3 expression of retinal ganglion cells wistarrats in NMDA-induced glaucoma models.

MethodsAn experimental study, using post-test only randomized controlled group design, was done on 14male NMDA-induced glaucoma wistar rats, divided into 2 groups. The treatment group was givenoral vitamin D3 500 IU/kgBW every 24 hours for 10 weeks, while the control group was givenaquadest. Immunohistochemistry was used to measured caspase-3 expression. Mann-Whitneyanalized non-parametric difference test (Significant p<0.05).

ResultsCaspase-3 expression of retinal ganglion cell was significantly lower (p=0.004) in treatment group(mean=5,29 ± 0,76) compared to control group (mean=6,71 ± 0,49).

ConclusionOral vitamin D3 has an effect on caspase-3 expression of retinal ganglion cells wistar rats in NMDAinducedglaucoma models. Further research is needed to investigate the protective role of vitaminD3 on glaucoma patients.
Did the metal object hit the cornea? A case report of penetrating ocular injury with embedded foreign body
Authors: AGUNG NUGROHO  , Dearaini  , Annisa Windyani  , Susantono Diannisa Paramitha , Pangestika Rishka , Laksmita Yulinda Arty , Widyawati Syska , Adriono Gitalisa Andayani
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Penetrating ocular injury with IOFBs may cause severe ocular damage. We demonstrate the diagnostic and treatment approach in a case of scleral laceration with a large IOFB.

Case Illustration : A-24-year-old male presented with a rusty segment of fence wire, sized 15x11 mm, embedded near the nasal corneal margin of the right eye. Upon initial examination the vision was 6/9 with normal IOP. The object obstructed the view of the entry site, therefore corneal wound was suspected. CT scan showed penetrating metal object without posterior segment involvement. Anti-tetanus injection, topical and oral levofloxacin were given. He underwent exploration, foreign body removal and repair surgery. During surgery, the wound was revealed as a scleral laceration, 4 mm from nasal limbus. One day post-operative, vision was 6/20. A 0.1 mm hypopyon was found, along with fibrin at nasal vitreous. Oral and topical corticosteroids were given, and hypopyon disappeared the next day. One week after surgery, vision improved to 6/7.5, with clear vitreous and normal retina.

Discussion : Ocular injuries with large IOFBs can hinder clinical examination. Corneal entry wound should be ruled out, due to potential permanent damage to visual axis. CT scan was helpful in assessing the depth of object penetration. The object was removed successfully, with no damage to the cornea and retina. Anti-tetanus, antibiotics and corticosteroids were able to control infection and inflammation.

Conclusion : Large IOFBs which do not affect the visual axis, can be managed with successful outcome, by prompt removal and repair of the entry wound, and control of infection and inflammation.
RECONSTRUCTION OF ORBITAL FLOOR FRACTURES USING SILICONE BLOCK IMPLANT
Authors: SYUKRIYAH SOFYAN
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : It has long been a controversial-both the materials for orbital floor reconstruction and the timing of surgery. Silicone block implant is affordable and readily available especially in developing countries. Due to its complications and the development of other materials, silicone block implant has rarely been used. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of timing of surgery and the use of silicone block implant in orbital floor fractures reconstruction.

Methods : We conducted a retrospective review of patients who had orbital floor fractures and undergone reconstruction surgery using silicone block implant in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021. These patients then divided into three groups based on their surgery interval time. Outpatient notes, Computed Tomography (CT) reports, surgical admission notes, records and complications were recorded. Patients with follow-up less than three months were excluded.

Results : Thirty-one patients were included (23 males, 8 females) with age 18-60 years old being dominant. Thirty (96.8%) patients had unilateral fractures, 23 patients (74.2%) came with impure fractures, and fractures mostly caused by traffic accidents (83.9%). Subconjunctival bleeding and eyelid abnormalities were found as the majority of ocular involvement. Symptoms with the greatest improvement were different between three groups based on surgery interval time. Besides, only one extruded implant was found.

Conclusion : Silicone block implant provides good outcomes with minimal complications even after late surgical repair of orbital floor fractures.
The Effect of Limbal Relaxing Incisions on 1-Week Postoperative K1 and K2 Values
Authors: Ilham Prayoga Bakhri  , Wisnu Sudasih  , Rizal Fanany
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Limbal Relaxing Incisions (LRI) is a surgical technique used to correct astigmatism during cataract surgery. This technique used to reduce the steepness of the corneal curvature in a particular meridian. LRI can be performed alone or in combination with phacoemulsification.

Methods : This prospective study aimed to investigate the effect of Limbal Relaxing Incisions (LRI) on corneal astigmatism in patients who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Five patients were included in this study, and preoperative and 1-week postoperative keratometry values (K1 and K2) were measured using the IOL Master. Paired t-test analysis was used to compare the changes in K1 and K2 values before and after LRI

Results : Five eyes of Five patients with the mean age 39.8 years (range : 22 to 76 years) and corneal astigmatism 3.12 D (range : 2.25 to 4.66 D) were underwent LRI and cataract surgery. The mean preoperative K1 and K2 values were 42.12 D and 46.44 D, respectively, while the mean 1-week postoperative K1 and K2 values were 42.60 D and 45.80 D, respectively. Paired t-test analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in K2 values (p = 0.025) but no significant change in K1 values (p = 0.329).

Conclusion : This study showed there were no significant difference between pre and postoperative of K1 and showed a significant decrease in K2 on IOL Master examination. The wide age range of the included patients, may have influenced the effectiveness of LRI in reducing astigmatism. Further study with more subject are required.
OUTCOMES COMPARISON AFTER SMALL INCISION LENTICULE EXTRACTION (SMILE) AND FEMTOSECOND-LASER ASSISTED IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS (FS-LASIK) IN LOW-MODERATE MYOPIA PATIENTS
Authors: ANDREAS LUKITA HALIM  , Budiman  , Mayang Rini  , Andrew M. H. Knoch  , Emmy Dwi Sugiarti  , Ludwig Melino Tjokrovonco
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Uncorrected myopia is the leading cause of visual impairment globally. It can be corrected by refractive surgeries, such as Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) and Femtosecond Laser- Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). SMILE technique is less-invasive than FS-LASIK, characterized by all-in-one femtosecond laser and flapless procedure. Correction of low-moderate myopia requires a special concern because even slight decreased in visual quality may be noticed by the patients and affect their satisfaction. The purpose of this study to compare the refractive outcomes after SMILE and FS-LASIK in low-moderate myopia patients.

Methods : This is a prospective analytical observational study that was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Indonesia. Four refractive outcome parameters (predictability, efficacy, safety, and stability) were assessed at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively.

Results : SMILE was performed on 22 eyes with spherical equivalent (SE) -3.60±1.07 D and FS-LASIK on 20 eyes with SE -2.91±1.53 D. At 1 month, the predictability as the proportion of eyes within SE ±0.50 D were 95.5% in SMILE and 80% in FS-LASIK (p=0.174), the efficacy as the proportion of eyes achieving uncorrected distant visual acuity (UDVA) ≥20/20 were 63.6% in SMILE and 35% in FS- LASIK (p= 0.064), the stability as the proportion of eyes experiencing SE change >0.50 D were 4.5% in SMILE and 5% in FS-LASIK (p=1.000). No eyes from both groups had corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA) loss of ≥2 lines (p=1.000).

Conclusion : SMILE and FS-LASIK were both predictable, effective, safe, and stable for low-moderate myopia patients.
Uncover the Hidden Veils: Ophthalmoplegia in Breast Cancer
Authors: SITA PARAMITA AYUNINGTYAS  , Syntia Nusanti  , Salmarezka Dewiputri  , M. Sidik
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction : Breast cancer can metastasize to many sites, but the orbit is an infrequent location. Orbital metastases represent 1%–13% of all orbital tumors, and the prognosis is rather poor. We reported a case of orbital metastases of breast cancer that led to findings of other sites involvement.

Case Illustration : A 50-year-old female presented with an inward squint and double vision for 9 months before admission. Esotropia, abduction, and elevation deficits in both eyes were observed. The visual acuity of both eyes was 6/6. Orbital MRI revealed an intraconal irregular lesion near the medial rectus muscle, which was hyperintense with contrast and thickened medial rectus muscles of both eyes. She underwent lumpectomy of breast mass two years before admission and no follow-up after surgery. Histopathology showed invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). We referred her to hematologist- oncologist to have workup on metastases and treatment. Lung and extensive bone metastases were discovered. She was diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer (stage IV) and treated with hormonal therapy and bisphosphonates. On 3-month follow-up, diplopia and gaze limitations persist.

Discussion : Diplopia and motility disturbances are the most common symptoms and signs of orbital metastases, including extraocular muscle involvement. The horizontal rectus muscles are more commonly involved. ILC is more frequent histological subtype involving orbital as the orbits are rich in fat and may attract disseminated ILC cells.

Conclusion : Ocular symptoms in patients with a history of breast cancer should always be investigated for metastatic disease. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory to achieve the best therapeutic management and long-term surveillance.
CHARACTERISTIC OF PATIENTS WITH ORBITAL MENINGIOMA IN DR. KARIADI GENERAL HOSPITAL SEMARANG
Authors: Joko Satrio  , Trilaksana Nugroho
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Meningioma is a neoplasm arising from arachnoid cap cells in the meninges. They can arise in the orbit as primary or secondary orbital meningioma. The characteristic and risk factors of orbital meningioma are essential to acknowledge. The aim of this study is to describe the characteristic and risk factors of patients with orbital meningioma in Dr.Kariadi Hospital.

Methods : A retrospective study was held from the medical record of patients with a diagnosis of meningioma between January 2020-December 2022. The data of 58 patients included age, sex, duration of proptosis, length of proptosis, history of seizure, diplopia, history of contraceptive and trauma, RAPD, fundus examination, and CT-Scan results.

Results : Most of the meningioma patients had female 98,27%, 70,68% in the fourth decade of life. The visual acuity of 25,88% of patients >6/18, and 22,41% were blind. Around 72,41% of proptosis occurred ≥ 1 year, 87,93% had signs of headache, only 1,72% underwent seizure, 8,62% had double vision, and 5,17% had a history of head trauma. Relative afferent pupillary defect occurred in 53,44% of the affected eye with 20,68% atrophic papil and 15,51% edema papil. CT-Scan result of 86,2% had sphenoid meningioma, and only 13,79% had optic sheath meningioma. Most of the patients (72,41%) used 3 months cycle hormonal injection contraceptive.

Conclusion : The characteristic of orbital meningioma patients in DR.Kariadi Hospital were mostly women in the fourth decade of life, had proptosis and headache as primary signs and 3 months of intramuscular hormonal contraceptives were suspected to have a correlation.
Neuromyelitis Optica with Negative AQP-4 Antibody
Authors: Mokolensang Gabriella Olivia  , Stevanus Paliliweu  , Robby Tumewu
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction : Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that causes demyelination of the optic nerve and spinal cord. Approximately 75% of cases have antibodies against aquaporin 4 (AQP-4 Antibody).

Case Illustration : A 42 years old male presented with progressing blurred vision in his right eye for 3 weeks. He described there was a black spot in his central vision which gradually enlarged to his peripheral vision, headache for 4 months, and transient tingling sensation and weakness on the left arm for 1 week. Positive RAPD in the right eye and signs of optic neuritis on funduscopy in Opthalmology examination. Campimetry examination revealed generalized depression in the right eye. The visual evoked potential (VEP) was consistent with right optic nerve demyelination. Spine MRI showed extensive transverse myelitis lesions >3 spinal cord hyperintensity on the level of C2-C6. However, the serum AQP-4 antibody was negative. The patient was treated with corticosteroid, and neuroprotector and was also being treated alongside the neurology department.

Discussion : NMO is a rare autoimmune disease. NMO is characterized by segmented demyelination and inflammation of the spinal cord and the optic nerves which gives many ocular signs and symptoms like optic neuritis. A negative test result does not rule out the diagnosis of NMO. Brain and spine MRI plays an important role in diagnosing NMO. Treatment of NMO consists of corticosteroid and plasmapheresis or intravenous immunoglobulin.

Conclusion : This case describes a diagnosis of NMO with a Negative AQP-4 antibody.
Relationship Between Contact Lens Wear and the Risk of Acquired Blepharoptosis
Authors: Febianza Mawaddah Putri
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Contact lens wear has been reported to be associated with acquired blepharoptosis. This literature review aims to summarize and evaluate the risk of acquired blepharoptosis in contact lens wearers.

Methods : Literature searching was conducted using three online databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase. Search terms such as “contact lens”, “ptosis”, and “blepharoptosis” were included. Reference lists of each study were also assessed for potentially relevant sources. Prospective and retrospective studies as well as meta-analyses and systematic reviews were included.

Results : Using relevant search terms in various databases, a total of five articles were included in this review. Four studies suggested that wearing hard or soft contact lenses was significantly associated with blepharoptosis. One study indicated hard contact lens wearers presented blepharoptosis 17.38 times more frequently than non-wearers (OR, 17.38, 95% CI=3.71–81.29), while soft contact lens wearers had 8.12 times more risk of presenting blepharoptosis than non-wearers (OR, 8.12, 95% CI=2.68–24.87). Furthermore, long-term contact lens wear, which was 20 years or more, seemed to have a significant effect on the incidence of blepharoptosis. There was only one study which stated that hard contact lens wear did not lead to acquired blepharoptosis in this review.

Conclusion : There is evidence of a clear association between hard or soft contact lens wear and an increased risk of blepharoptosis. Patients wearing contact lenses should be informed of the risk of blepharoptosis, and a history of contact lens use should be sought in all patients who have acquired blepharoptosis.
The Effect of Ethambutol Therapy in terms of Visual Evoked Potential, Color Vision Test, and Contrast Sensitivity Test at the Subclinical Level
Authors: ARANDZ RUTTU  , Dr. dr. Yunita, Sp.M(K), M.Kes  , Dr. Nurjannah Lihawa, Sp.P(K)  , Dr. Muh. Firdaus Kasim, M.Sc  , Dr. dr. Noro Waspodo, Sp.M(K)  , Dr. dr. Batari Todja Umar, Sp.M(K)
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Ethambutol is one of the first-line drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis and known to induce optic neuropathy. However, there are unknown protocols for detecting subclinical level of toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess the difference in amplitude and latency of visual evoked potential (VEP), color vision, and contrast sensitivity in tuberculosis patients before and after taking ethambutol for 1 and 2 months.

Methods : This was a prospective observational cohort study of 38 eyes of 19 newly diagnosed patients with category-1 tuberculosis being treated with ethambutol. All patients were given ethambutol for 2 months at a dose of 15 - 20 mg/kg body weight/day. The participants underwent complete eye and visual function examination including pattern-reversal VEP, color vision with Farnsworth Munsell D-15 test, and contrast sensitivity with LEA Low Contrast Flip Chart before and after 1 and 2 months of treatment. Wilcoxon test was employed for data analysis.

Results : During the study, no changes in visual acuity was observed. The results showed that the latencies of VEP after 1 month (p = 0.000) and 2 months (p = 0.000) of treatment were significantly delayed. There was a significant difference in contrast sensitivity after 2 months (p = 0.014) of treatment. However, no significant difference was found in color vision and amplitude of VEP.

Conclusion : Latency of VEP and contrast sensitivity test could prove useful in detecting subclinical and hence very useful for monitoring patients under ethambutol therapy for ocular toxicity.
Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (CXL) in Pediatric Keratoconus: Changes in Visual Acuity and Biomechanical Properties
Authors: Ganjar Sulaksmono
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Keratoconus is a progressive disease that changes the mechanical shape of the cornea due to thinning of the stromal layer of the cornea. Therefore, early detection and correct management should be able to slow the progression of the disease. This study aimed to compare changes in visual acuity and biomechanic properties of cornea in patients who underwent Corneal Collagen Cross- Linking (CXL) in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital

Methods : This is a prospective study that included all pediatric keratoconus patients without any underlying disease that underwent CXL between July 2022 to December 2022. Uncorrected Visual Acuity (UCVA), Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) and Intraocular Pressure (IOP) were evaluated preoperatively, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks following CXL.

Results : Mean age of patients was 11 (range 6-18 y.o). UCVA were 1.00±0.34 logMAR preoperatively, 0.95±0.35 and 0.88±0.37 logMAR at 2 and 6 weeks after CXL (P=0.27 and P=0.02, respectively). BCVA were 0.37±0.28 logMAR preoperatively, 0.46±0.28 and 0.35±0.21 logMAR at 2 and 6 weeks after CXL (P=0.05 and P=0.46, respectively). Mean IOP were 15.21±3.99 preoperatively, 14.45±2.73 and 15.21±3.68 at 2 weeks and 6 weeks after CXL (P=0.33 and P=1.00, respectively). Mean CCT were 503.09±49.43 preoperatively, 508.18±47.68 and 506.82±48.41 at 2 weeks and 6 weeks after CXL (P=0.01 and P=0.11, respectively). No complications occurred during the observation period.

Conclusion : UCVA and BCVA were improved after CXL. Analysis showed no significant change for IOP and CCT after CXL procedure. Overall, CXL was safe and significantly improve UCVA and BCVA in pediatric keratoconus.
COMPARISON OF ANGLE OPENING DISTANCE AND TRABECULAR IRIS SPACE AREA BEFORE AND AFTER LASER PERIPHERAL IRIDOTOMY IN ANGLE CLOSURE DISEASE
Authors: Ramdhani Rizki Fasa , Rifada R. Maula , Irfani Irawati , Gustianty Elsa , Umbara Sonie
Published: February 2024

Introduction and Objective: Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) is the standard first-line therapy in angle closure disease to increase anterior chamber angle width. Spectral Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (SD AS-OCT) is an instrument that has a quantitative parameter to measure anterior chamber angle. Angle opening distance (AOD) and trabecular iris space area (TISA) are quantitative parameters in SD AS-OCT. The purpose of this study is to compare AOD and TISA before and one week after LPI in angle closure disease.

Methods: This is an analytical prospective study with a cross-sectional study design. Twenty-two eyes with angle closure disease that met inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent LPI and SD AS-OCT before and one week after LPI. Analysis was performed using SD AS-OCT parameters, such as AOD (AOD500, AOD750) and TISA (TISA500, TISA750) in the temporal, nasal quadrants, and average.

Results: Twenty-two eyes with angle closure are divided into nine eyes with primary angle closure suspect, seven eyes with primary angle closure, and six eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma. The mean age of participants was 57.86±7.63 years. There was a significant increase in AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, and TISA750 in the temporal and nasal quadrants, as well as in the average (P=0.0001) based on a paired t test or Wilcoxon as an alternative. Average AOD750 had the highest T-value (T= 6.329) with a mean 0.20±0.096 before LPI and 0.31±0.144 one week after LPI.

Conclusion: There was a significant increase in AOD and TISA after one week LPI in angle closure disease.
TRABECULECTOMY IN CLOSED ANGLE UVEITIS GLAUCOMA A CASE REPORT
Authors: Samosir Alexander Theodore , Natan Priscilla Christina
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Glaucoma uveitis is caused by increased outflow resistance, which distorts the balance between water production and outflow. Trabeculectomy is better than LPI in controlling IOP in glaucoma uveitis

Case Illustration : Male patient aged 45 years, came to the Eye Polyclinic at Serui Hospital with complaints of very painful right eye since 2 weeks ago, the patient also complained of being unable to see at all, red eyes, headache, stiff neck, nausea and vomiting. Ophthalmological examination reveal right eye vision no light perception (NLP), palpebral edema, spasm, conjunctival hyperemia, corneal edema, shallow anterior chamber angle, iris-corneal contact, negative pupillary reflex, total pupillary block, negative fundus reflex, schiotz IOP 81 mmHg.

Discussion : The patient diagnosed as right eye acute glaucoma and treated with acetazolamide, timolol maleate eye drops, potassium aspar tablets, prednisolone acetate drops, diclofenac sodium drops in the right eye, paracetamol tablets, re-evaluate in 2 hours. The patient chose to be referred to a hospital in Surabaya. The patient came back with the same complaint and was treated the same as before, right eye surgery trabeculectomy + peripheral iridectomy with releaseable suture flap limbal base with controlled IOP results, releaseable suture sutures were removed in 2 weeks. Trabeculectomy of the uveitic eye is generally less successful because of accelerated wound healing by the postoperative fibrinous and cellular response. Antimetabolites such as 5FU and Mitomycin C are used to enhance the success of trabeculectomy in uveitis eyes (5FU, MMC). 95% success (IOP less than 21 mm Hg with 1 or no treatment) was achieved with MMC augmented trabeculectomy.

Conclusion : Increased IOP due to pupillary block causes acute glaucoma with signs of high IOP, middilated pupils, decreased pupillary reflexes, and irregular shape, corneal epithelial edema, episcleral and conjunctival vascular congestion, shallow anterior chamber, small number of flares and cells.