bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and Manufacture of Tea-Cigarette
Authors: Wang Chao Jin , Qu Ning , Hu Zhi Cheng , Chen Hong Yi
Published: February 2014

Through a qualitative analysis of the combustion outcomes, almost no aldehydes have produced after the burning of the tea-leaves. However, the aldehydes can be produced obviously after the burning of tobacco. When tea-leaves were mixed with tobacco, the harmful substances can be drastically reduced in the burning, such as nicotine. Also, the difficulty of smoking will be intensified with the increase of the content of tea-leaves. People can feel the difficulty of smoking when the content of tea-leaves is over 50%, the feeling can be obviously when the content of tea-leaves is over 60%. It is necessary to control the content of tea-leaves less than 40% to ensure the health of human body.
Morphology Controllable Preparation of Gold Nanoplates through an Eco-Friendly Wet-Chemical Route
Authors: Yi Zao , Luo Jiang Shan , Li Xi Bo , Yi Yong , Xu Xi Bin , Wu Wei Dong , Yi You Gen , Tang Yong Jian
Published: February 2014

In this paper a simple eco-friendly wet-chemical way was mentioned to synthesize gold nanoplates. The prepared of the gold nanoplates was a seedless process that carried out by mixing HAuCl4 aqueous solution and Tannic acid (TA) solution at room temperature without the other surfactant and capping agents. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to characterize the shape and composition the prepared gold nanoplates. The molar ratio of HAuCl4 and TA can control the shape and the size of gold nanoplates effectively. This research can provide a simple and eco-friendly way for the prepared gold nanoplates in aqueous solution.
The Application and Analysis of EDM on the Surface Light Trapping Structure
Authors: Yang Yang , Lou He Xiang , Huang Jin Cheng
Published: February 2014

Through the analysis of light trapping structures on the surface, the micro nanostructure can play light trapping effect is good. The theoretical analysis is made using the optical principle and metal surface plasma resonance. And through the repeated processing on non-magnetic steel 20Mn23AlV using EDM in different electrical parameters and can be observed in the surface of micro nanostructure through JSM-6360LA type scanning electron microscope.
Characteristics of Inconel 718 Filler Metal Affecting to Welding Metal Zones of Cast Steel for Piston Crown Material
Authors: Moon Kyung Man , Won Jong Pil , Park Dong Hyun , Lee Sung Yul , Kim Yun Hae , Jeong Jae Hyun
Published: February 2014

Since the oil price has been significantly jumped for recent some years, the diesel engine of the merchant ship has been mainly used the heavy oil of low quality. Thus, it has been often exposed to severely corrosive environment more and more because temperature of the exhaust gas of a combustion chamber is getting higher and higher with increasing of using the heavy oil of low quality. As a result, wear and corrosion of the most parts surrounded with combustion chamber is more serious compared to the other parts of the engine. Therefore, an optimum repair welding for these parts is very important to prolong their lifetime in a economical point of view. In this study, Inconel 718 filler metal was welded with GTAW method in the cast steel which would be generally used with piston crown material. And the corrosion properties of weld metal zone, heat affected zone and base metal zone were investigated using electrochemical methods such as measurement of corrosion potential, anodic polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram and impedance etc. in 35% H2SO4 solution. The weld metal and base metal zones exhibited the highest and lowest values of hardness respectively. Furthermore, the corrosion current density of the weld metal zone indicated the lowest value, having the highest value of hardness. The corrosive products with red color was more or less observed in the base metal zone, while the weld metal zone exhibited the general corrosion without corrosive products of red color. The microstructure of the pearlite with black color was predominantly observed in the base metal zone, however, the microstructure of ferrite with white color increased increasingly in the heat affected zone, and the microstructure of ferrite with white color was significantly observed in the weld metal zone. In particular, the polarization characteristics such as impedance, polarization curve and cyclic voltammogran associated with corrosion resistance property were well in good agreement with each other.
Keywords : Repair welding, Inconel 718 filler metal, GTAW, Weld metal zone, Electrochemical method, Corrosion current density, Hardness. Microstructure
Surface Modification of Titanium and its Alloys for Biomedical Application
Authors: Luo Liang , Jiang Zheng Yi , Wei Dong Bin , He Xiao Feng
Published: February 2014

Titanium and its alloys have excellent properties and are promising biomaterial in medical engineering field. A bioactive surface on a Ti substrate is a prerequisite for great performance and long service life of implants. Based on the mechanism for inducing cell/tissue responses, three kinds of methods, namely morphological, physicochemical and biochemical methods, are reviewed in this paper. Hybrid methods that integrate individual methods or have additional functions are also discussed.
Temperature Field Simulation of Laser Heated 1045 Steel Using with Shaped Laser Beam Profiles
Authors: Wang Siyu , Sun You Zheng , Wellburn Daniel , Shang Shuo , Cheng Jian , Chen Sui Yuan , Zhang Bin , Liang Jing , Liu Chang Sheng
Published: February 2014

In this paper, a three-dimensional dynamic simulation model is established for a laser heating process taking into account heat flow by conduction and a temperature dependent specific heat capacity in the material. An unorthodox laser beam profile is characterized by two simple beam shape parameters in the model; the difference in energy distributions between the centre and outer edge of the beam and between the leading and trailing edges of the beam is varied by an adjustment of these parameters. In this way, laser surface heating with unorthodox beam profiles is simulated and studied using COMSOL Multiphysics finite element modeling software.
The Research on the Simulation Metal Flow in Forging of Bevel Gears
Authors: Liu Zhan Jun
Published: February 2014

The finished and preformed forgings of the rear lower arm are shown respectively, the shape of the rear lower arm is very complex.The tops of three branch arms are thick lumps and its central part consits of quite thin ribs.This forging is much more slender than the ordinary weldment made of steel plate and its weight is also lightened enormously.It seems that the forging is a limit example of pursuing the weight reduction.By taking great pains in forging scheme and die design,the forging is a success eventually.Simulation results indicate that the essential reason to form lap is the return when the material contacts the ends and the non-symmetrical return intensifies the depth of the lap.The lap was formed at the last moment.According to the simulation results, the dies was ameliorated. Thus,the qualified forging has been obtained eventually.
Mini-Thixoforming of High-Alloyed CPM REX 121 Steel
Authors: Aišman David , Rubešová Kateřina , Mikmeková Šárka
Published: February 2014

Thixo-forming is an unconventional semi-solid forming process, by which complex-shaped products can be manufactured using a single forming operation. It can even be applied to difficult-to-form materials, including those which are impossible to process by conventional methods. Today, commercial semi-solid processing is used for low-melting materials, primarily aluminium and magnesium alloys. Due to its technological complexity, thixo-forming of high-melting alloys is still under development. For this reason, the present experimental programme was focused on the tool steel CPM REX 121 with a melting point above 1200 °C produced by powder metallurgy. The total content of alloying elements in this steel is 37.5 %. Owing to the high levels of alloying elements, namely Co, Mo, W, V and Cr, this material cannot be formed by conventional methods. The purpose of the present experiment was to explore its potential for forming in semi-solid state and to find suitable processing parameters. Experimental forming took place in a mini-thixoforming die, a tool specially-developed for this thixo-forming variant intended for producing very small parts. The resulting microstructures were examined by means of optical and electron microscopy. It was found that semi-solid processing leads to the development of microstructure with austenitic grains, martensite, chromium and V-W-Mo complex carbides and also a eutectic formed by partial melting of carbides.
Characterization of Hot Deformation Behavior of Udimet720Li Superalloy Using Processing Map
Authors: Wang Jian Guo , Liu Dong , Wang Tao , Yang Yan Hui
Published: February 2014

The deformation behavior of a Udimet720Li superalloy under hot compression tests was characterized in the temperature range of 1060~1160°C and strain rate range of 0.001~20s-1. Processing maps were conducted at a series of strains to calculate the efficiency of hot working and to recognize the instability regions of the flow behavior. A Zener-Hollomon parameter is given to characterize the dependence of peak stress on temperature and strain rate. The efficiency of power dissipation of the Udimet720Li superalloy obtained in a strain range of 0.1~0.7 are essentially similar, which indicates that strain does not have a significant influence and the instability region shown in high strain and high strain rates at all temperatures. The regions for the full recrystallization can be divided by the dissolution beginning temperature of primary γ'which are the optimum hot working parameters.
The Research on Penetration of New Annular MEFP
Authors: Zhou Tao , Du Zhong Hua , Song Li Li
Published: February 2014

According to the detonation wave collision theory, initiation from two ends of charge, the liner will close to the middle to form high velocity MEFP. The software Autodyn to be used to study the penetration capacity of a single Annular MEFP was studied. With increase of axis curvature radius, the ratio of length of width is decrease, the penetration capacity declined. It is partitioned hole into two parts which is formed gourd-shaped in the typical penetration. For equal liner and unequal liner, although the velocity of unequal liner is higher, the penetration capacity is weaker.
Cutting Force Model for Heat Assisted Titanium Alloy Milling
Authors: Liu Chang Yi
Published: February 2014

Thermal energy sources have been applied for softening the difficult-to-machine material when it is combined with conventional machining processes. Cutting forces has been reduced during the process. To investigate the plastic deformation property of workpiece materials heated by thermal sources, and its influence to the cutting forces, the analytical model of orthogonal cutting is established. The impact of cutting speed and initial temperature of the shear banding to the cutting forces are taken account of, based on adiabatic shear banding model and Johnson-Cook material constitutive law. The shear banding average shear stress failure criteria has been proposed to decide the fracture between workpiece and chip. Simulation has been carried out and compared with experimental data of laser-heat assisted titanium alloy milling, showing good agreement.
Directly Manufacturing Table Tennis Mould by Hybrid Plasma Deposition & Milling
Authors: Xiong Xin Hong , Quan Dun Miao , Chen Jia Lin
Published: February 2014

A table tennis mould with good performance of dimensional precision and fine surface roughness was directly manufactured by HPDM (Hybrid Plasma Deposition & Milling), which synthesizes plasma deposition as an additive technology, and milling as a subtractive technique during the processing. Compared with the existing RP methods using high energy density beams, the HPDM method solved the key problems of insufficient dimensional precision and surface quality caused by the step effect, and puts forward a new access to directly manufacture the metal parts and mould with short-process and high quality.
Germanium Crystal Anisotropy Affecting to Cutting Force in SPDT
Authors: Xia Xiao Guang , Zhang Yu , Xie Qi Ming
Published: February 2014

Germanium is an anisotropic material. Cutting force varies with the change of crystallographic orientation and crystal plane in the process of turning. According to the effect of germanium crystal anisotropy in cutting force, fluctuation of theoretically calculated cutting force changing with crystallographic orientation and crystal plane and best cutting direction are presented.
Kinematics Analysis of a 6-DOF Riveting Manipulator Based on ADAMS
Authors: Liu En , Zeng Kai , Yuan Sheng Wan , Cui Gang Wei , He Xiao Cong , Ding Yan Fang , Ma Zhi Wen
Published: February 2014

In this paper, a 6-DOF riveting manipulators kinematics model was built by D-H method, and its kinematics problems were discussed. Each of the kinematics parameters was gotten by solving the direct and inverse kinematics functions in Matlab. Then the virtual prototype model of the riveting manipulator was built by ADAMS, and the position, velocity and acceleration in the end center of the riveting manipulator were gotten by the simulation analysis. The reasonability of each linkage design parameters and kinematics model could be verified by simulation results in ADAMS, a foundation could be laid for the further dynamics research.
The Effects of Discharge Parameters on the Surface Morphology of Nickel Microspheres by EDM Combined with Ultrasonic Field
Authors: Bai Fu Shi , Li Xiang Long , Liu Yi Fan , Wang Yan Tao , Liu Nan , Ma Yong Mei
Published: February 2014

Based on EDM method combined with ultrasonic field, the effects of different electric current, impulse width, and voltage on the surface morphology of nickel microspheres were studied. The preparation condition and forming mechanism of microspheres with compact and smooth surface were investigated. The result shows that removal rate and explosion force of the electrode materials play an important role in forming microspheres, and homogeneous nucleation goes against the uniformity of the surface morphologies of microspheres.
A Performance Study on Self-Piercing Riveting and Adhesive Hybrid Joints of Different Adhesive
Authors: Liu Fu Long , He Xiao Cong , Wang Yu Qi
Published: February 2014

This paper studied the performance of self-piercing riveting (SPR) and adhesive hybrid joints of different adhesive, including strength, capacity of energy absorption, failure mode and failure mechanism of the hybrid joints. The performances of SPR-adhesive hybrid joints were compared with SPR joints. SPR-adhesive hybrid joints and SPR joints were tested under a tension loading. The test results showed that adhesive have a function of improving the strength of SPR joints; however, the capacity of energy absorption of SPR joints was weakened. While the adhesive have no effect on the failure modes of SPR joints. When appropriate adhesive was selected, the overall performance of SPR-adhesive hybrid joints was superior to SPR joints. In a word, the combination of SPR and adhesive could get a well jointing structure.
A Performance Study of Clinched Joints with Different Material
Authors: Liu Fu Long , He Xiao Cong , Zhao Lun
Published: February 2014

Clinching is a high-speed mechanical fastening technique for point joining of sheet material. In order to investigate the influence of material property on the mechanical property and failure mode of clinched joints, three types of clinched joints in aluminum alloy sheet were tested under tension-shear loading with MTS landmark, separately. Results showed that the property of the substrate had effective on the performance of clinched joints. Clinched joints had higher strength and good energy absorption capacity when the strength of the substrate was higher. The strength and energy absorption capacity of the clinched joints were evaluated via load-displacement curves. While the failure modes of clinched joints were all the same: neck facture failure.
Numerical Simulation of Temperature Fields by Welding of Ti-Al Alloys Applying Volumetric Heat Source
Authors: Babalová Eva , Behúlová Mária
Published: February 2014

Transient temperature fields during formation of dissimilar butt joints of Ti-Al alloy plates by laser welding process were investigated by numerical simulation. Gaussian volumetric heat source was applied to model the heat input to the weld. For verification of the developed simulation model and results of numerical simulation, Ti-Al butt weld joints were produced by TruDisk 4002 disk laser. During experiments, the temperatures were measured by thermocouples and subsequently compared with results of FEM analysis. Based on the results of preliminary numerical calculations and experimental tests, the parameters of the laser beam welding for production of dissimilar Ti-Al butt joints will be optimized using FEM simulations in the program code ANSYS.
Topology Optimization and Robust Analysis of Welding Spot Layout for a Heavy Duty Truck Cab Based on Element Strain Energy Density
Authors: Cui An , Zhang Shi Zhan , Xu Li Juan , Liu Hui Zi
Published: February 2014

The static stiffness and numerical modal are analyzed with the finite element model of a heavy duty truck cab. Considering the influence of welding spots on static stiffness, strength and first order modal frequency, the welding spots of the heavy duty truck cab are divided into two areas based on element strain energy density. And welding spot layout of the two areas is optimized by topology optimization method respectively. Then the robustness of welding spot layout before and after optimization is analyzed. The results show that the number of welding spots after optimization is reduced with the performance maintained and welding spot layout robustness of the cab is improved.
Multi-Objective Optimization for Rolling Schedule of High Strength Sheet Based on ACPSO
Authors: Tang Wei , Ren Xin Yi , Gao Hui Min , Wang Shao Fei
Published: February 2014

Rolling schedule is an important parameter in high strength production of cold tandem rolling process, and the reasonable rolling schedule setting is important to cutting down energy consumption of unit, endurance of product stable and improving flatness as well as surface quality of sheet. Consequently, according to lots of theory research and spot experiment, taking relative balance of rolling force, flatness well of finished sheet and minimal rolling power as the control goal, the multi-object model for high strength sheet is built. Simultaneously, considering that PSO algorithm has shortcomings of initial randomness and premature convergence, the ACPSO algorithm is proposed which takes advantage of periodicity of the chaos motion and the inertial weight is adjust according to premature convergence extent of particle swarm and accommodate value of individual. It can improve convergence speed and accuracy. When the improved PSO algorithm is applied into rolling schedule model, it has good effect in spot experiment and productive practice.
2D Assembly of Palladium Nanoparticles and AFM Characterization
Authors: Liu Xiao Jun , Song Li Yun , Zhan Zong Cheng , He Hong , Zi Xue Hong , Qiu Wen Ge
Published: February 2014

The two-dimensional (2D) assembly of the palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) was studied in this work. The cubic Pd NPs were successfully synthesized and assembled on mica and silicon wafer in the dip-coating way. The morphology of the Pd NPs and the topography of the Pd NPs assembly on the substrates were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the process of the fabrication, the excess cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was removed with the deposition-redispersion strategy, the UV-vis spectra and zeta-potential of the Pd NPs colloid were measured. It was found that the assembly and AFM characterization of the Pd NPs were affected negatively by the presence of excess CTAB. The hydrophilic property of the substrate is the crucial factor to control the 2D assembly of the Pd NPs. Compared with the washed silicon wafer, mica is ultra-hydrophilic and can attract more Pd NPs.
Preparation and Characterization of Phosphorus Removal Agent by Lanthanum-Copper Composite Oxide
Authors: Zhao Li Li , Yang Yong Zhu , Zhang Miao , Li Yang Wei , Jiang Ying Xiang
Published: February 2014

Lanthanum-copper Composite Oxide Compounds were prepared from lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) and copper chloride (CuCl2), and used sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as precipitating agent. The research results showed that: the best preparation condition, which is the copper content3%;water bath temperature,70°C; agitation time,2 hours; calcination temperature,400°C; calcination time,1hour.The adsorption capacity of adsorbent was 63.88mg/g in this state. Analysis results indicate that Copper-doped crystal form dense granule in favour of phosphate adsorption .And La2O3is very important on removing the phosphate.
μRaman Analysis of the Rust Layer on Rusted Cast Iron Artifacts
Authors: Ouyang Wei Zhen
Published: February 2014

The components of corrosion products on rusted cast iron artifacts in a wet/dry atmospheric environment have been studied by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The observations show that microstructures of outer and inner interfaces are different; indicating that active corrosion occurred on the rusted specimen covered with many cracks and pores. The μRaman spectra of outer and inner layer results prove to be composed of three main iron oxyhydroxides. In addition, Fe3O4only exists in the inner layer.
Source of Inclusion in IF Steel End Slabs
Authors: Tian En Hua , Cui Heng , Li Dong Xia , Yan Yong Qi
Published: February 2014

The source of inclusion in IF steel end slabs after reducing the casting remnant were studied by means of total oxygen and nitrogen content analysis, original position analyzer for metal (OPA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Slims. The results show that: reducing the casting remnant have little influence on reoxidation in continuous casting process, the size of micro-inclusions are mostly smaller than 5 μm. The size of large-sized inclusions in end slab are mainly trapped in mold, they are mostly from 140 μm to 300 μm and over 300 μm, which accounted individually for 19.94% and 73.21% of total large-sized inclusions. In the end of a cast, decreasing the casting speed with slower speed changing rate can decrease the slag entrainment index of hot rolled coils from end slabs.
Effects of Structures of Zinc/Substrate Interface on Coating Adhesion of Hot-Dip Galvanized DP Steels
Authors: Jiang She Ming , Li Yuan Peng , Zhang Qi Fu
Published: February 2014

This paper compares and discuses coating cracks on the deformed part of galvanizes dual phase steel after standard 0t bend test. And it is further founded that cracks concentrate on areas where the ζ-FeZn13 phase is dense. Further investigation figures out relationships between cracks generation and ζ-FeZn13 phase.
Fabrication of Shape Controllable Micro-Lens Arrays by Drop on Demand Printing on the Glass Micro-Holes Arrays
Authors: Zhu Xiao Yang , Hou Li Ya , Zhu Li , Zhang Wei Yi , Yang Mei
Published: February 2014

A simple and easy method is demonstrated for the fabrication of the shape controllable micro-lenses, which are widely used in biomedical systems for improving the image quality as their ability to efficiently focus light into the devices. The micro-lenses were drop on demand printed on the glass micro-holes based on a simple drop on demand printing technique. The shape controllable micro-lenses with a fixed diameter resulting from boundary confinement effect of the micro-holes and the surface wetting conditions are controlled by printing different numbers of drops per micro-lens. The influence of the geometrical shape changes on the optical properties is also investigated. The micro-lens array with different numerical apertures (NA) can be fabricated by controlling the number of drops of the micro-holes as the boundary confinement and hydrophobic effect of the micro-holes.
Characteristics of Slow Light in a Photonic Crystal Coupled-Cavity Waveguide
Authors: Zhang Chang Xin , Xu Xing Sheng , Xi Wei
Published: February 2014

A two-dimensional (2D) triangular lattice photonic crystal coupled-cavity waveguide is designed and optimized. The transmission spectrum of the PC waveguide with TE polarization is calculated by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the group velocity of c/131.18 at the wavelength is obtained. Through optimizing the parameters of photonic crystal waveguide, different resonance length are obtained by changing the number of the continous air holes. The smallest group velocity is obtained to be c/2209 in the coupled-cavity waveguide with 15 air holes. The mechanism of slow light in the coupled-cavity waveguide of photonic crystal is analyzed.
Influence of the Nitridation Time after the Al Pre-Seeded Layer on the Properties of GaN Layer Grown on Si (1 1 1)
Authors: Zhang Dong Guo , Li Zhong Hui , Peng Da Qing , Dong Xun
Published: February 2014

The epitaxial growth of Gallium Nitride (GaN) on 2 inch Si (1 1 1) substrates was investigated, and it was found that by inserting a surface nitridation layer prior to Aluminum Nitride (AlN) nucleation upon substrate, the discoid defects and cracks on the surface were suppressed. Furthermore, compared with the GaN epitaxial layer grown without nitridation, the one with a 30 sec. nitridation layer showed a twice brighter integrated photoluminescence (PL) spectra intensity and a (0 0 2) High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) curve width of 13.6 arcminute. The crystalline quality of GaN epitaxial layer became worse when the nitridation time exceeded a critical value, and even more cracks appeared on the surface although no discoid defect appeared anymore.
Preparation and Surface Modification of SiO2 Particles Used in Electronic Ink
Authors: Yang Chun Li , Yang Chun Yu
Published: February 2014

In order to improve the surface properties of SiO2 particles, SiO2 particles were modified by vinyl triethoxysilane, SiO2 particles and vinyl triethoxysilane modified SiO2 particles were characterized by FTIR, SEM and XRD techniques. The results showed that vinyl triethoxysilane has been successfully grafted onto SiO2 particles and basically there are no changes in the size of SiO2 particles before and after the modification by vinyl triethoxysilane. XRD results show that the synthesized SiO2 particles have certain crystallinity.
The Photoluminescence Enhancement and Stability of Porous Silicon by Cathodic Reduction and Acid Treatment
Authors: Li Chang Qing , Wang Kun , Liu Pei Jia , Ming Qi
Published: February 2014

Porous silicon (PSi) was fabricated by using electrochemical anodic etching method. Then acid treatment and cathode reduction treatment were employed to improve the luminescence properties and stability of PSi material. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe the luminescence properties and microstructure of samples, respectively. The results of PL measurements showed that the PL intensity and the stability of luminescence of samples after cathodic reduction and acid treatment were significantly improved. The SEM images showed that the porosity of PSi may be increased through the cathodic reduction treated.
The Ni-MH Power Battery Electrode Material Admixture Process Fuzzy Control System
Authors: Ma Guang Jun , Wu Shuo , Gong Ya Dong
Published: February 2014

In the Ni-MH power battery electrodes manufacturing, the quality of the electrode material admixture will affect electrode and the whole function of batteries directly. However, the electrode material admixture process is very complex. It is very difficult to build up a model of precision to carry on control to the system. The traditional electrode material admixture control of the process, mainly according to develop the personnel on trial and the spot experience to complete, That method basically can not reach the good control appearance. The Fuzzy control can resolve the problem of this complication nicely.
Alpha-Glucosidase Immobilization Based on PMMA/Chitosan Core-Shell Microparticles
Authors: Sha Bi Ying , Liu Qing Shan , Zhang Jin Lian , Yin Xiao Ying
Published: February 2014

Objective To obtain immobilized alpha-glucosidase with good biological activity and improve the utilization rate of alpha-glucosidase. Methods Prepare the core-shell microparticles consisting of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cores surrounded by various of chitosan shells, induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP). Then fixed the alpha-glucosides N-terminal onto the carriers and studied the optimum immobilization conditions and the property of alpha-glucosidase immobilized.Result Immobilized α-glucosidase enzyme pH stability was higher than the free. In particular, the relative enzyme activity were maintained at 80% in the range of pH4.5 ~ 6.5. Immobilized α-glucosidase optimum temperature is 60 °C, the optimum temperature of the free enzyme is 50 °C. Conclution These Alpha-glucosidase Immobilization can be used as biopolymer and biomaterials in the pharmaceutical and medical application fields.
Effects of Cellulase Treatment on Surface Structure of Fast-Growing Poplar APMP Pulp
Authors: Chen Yun Ling , Chen Jia Chuan , Pang Zhi Qiang , Yang Gui Hua
Published: February 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the surface composition and morphology of fast-growing Alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (APMP). Surface ultrastructure of APMP were modified by cellulase. The fiber ultrastructure and cellulose crystallinity before and after treatment with cellulose enzyme were analyzed by Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that surface particle size can be reduced to 300nm and bump of fiber surface became obvious. According to the phase contrast image and topography, cell wall region separate clearly. The specific surface area of single fiber became bigger.
Isolation and Characterization of Abietic Acid
Authors: Nong Wei Jian , Chen Xiao Peng , Liang Jie Zhen , Wang Lin Lin , Tong Zhang Fa , Huang Ke Lin , Wu Rui , Xie Qing Ruo , Jia Yan Hua , Li Ke Xian
Published: February 2014

Abietic acid was isolated by means of isomerization and amination reaction-crystallization coupled with ultrasonic wave. Isomerization rosin and ethanolamine were used as raw materials, 95% ethanol as recrystallization solvent, the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, agitating velocity, ultrasound intensity and recrystallization times on the purity and yield of abietic acid were investigated. The suitable isolation conditions were obtained as follow: reaction temperature 30 °C, reaction time 40 min, agitating velocity 400 rpm, ultrasound intensity 300 W and freeze crystallization of amine salt three times. The purity and yield of abietic acid were 98.52% and 54.93% when the suitable conditions were used. And it was then characterization by its melting point, specific rotation, UV, FTIR and NMR, all evidence indicated that the purification product was abietic acid.
Preparation and Properties and Application of Renewable Source (Palm Oil Polyol) Based Polyurethanes Coatings and its Thermal Stability Improvement by Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Rihayat Teuku , Suryani Salim , Zaimahwati X
Published: February 2014

A thermal study (using TGA) was carried out on polyurethane (PU) paint modified with layered silicate (organoclay) nanocomposites. The result showed that by adding clay, the PU paint/organoclaynanocomposites demonstrated better thermal stability than the virgin polyurethanepaint. The PU paint was synthesized with polyol prepared from palm oil i.e. a renewable resource.Whilst polyurethane modified with layered silicate (organoclay) nanocomposite is considered a new class of material. A tremendous improvement of the nanocompositecompared to pure polymers, although the filler content is just 2-5 wt%.The unmodified layered silicate (kunipia-F) was treated with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB-mont) and octadodecylamine (ODA-mont) were used as swelling agents to treat Na+-montmorillonite and forming organoclay through ion exchange.The morphology of the nanocomposites was characterized by X-ray diffraction (X-RD) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and the pattern showed that all of the nanocomposites produced from this work are intercalated type.
Production of Liquid Fuel by Catalytic Reformation of Carbohydrates in Energy Crops
Authors: Zhang Chun Hui , Liu Yu , Kong Fan Gong
Published: February 2014

Gamma-valerolactone (GVL) represents a promising future source for both fuel alternatives and renewable materials. It can be formed from the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA). However, when lower cost unprocessed biomass is utilized to form levulinic and formic acid, other organic compounds are created, primarily from the hemicelluloses portion. Therefore a two-stage conversion process was designed starting with a mild acid extraction to remove the majority of the pentoses while maintaining the hexose sugars in a solid form utilizing previously described optimized conditions. Mild sulfuric acid extraction experiments on hybrid poplar samples were performed and optimized. The resulting hexosan enriched biomass was then subjected to a series of experiments employing high sulfuric acid and temperature to form LA and FA with yield of over 60% achieved. Finally, the LA and FA were catalytically converted to GVL, which could be purified through solvent extraction with nearly 100% conversion achieved.
Effects of Uranium (VI) Stress on Growth and Antioxidant System in Chinese Cabbage
Authors: Xie Lei , Tang Wen Ling
Published: February 2014

Chinese cabbage plants exposed to different concentrations of Uranium in water culture were used to discuss the physiological and biochemical responses:the plant height growth rate,root elongation,superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT),Peroxidase (POD),Chlorophyll a,Soluble protein.The results show that high Uranium stress can hinder the plants growth because the plant height growth rate and root elongation of the plants treated with high Uranium concentration were both lower than the control group.Exposure to excess concentration of Uranium decreased the content of chlorophyll a,soluble protein and the activity of SOD.The CAT activity was induced in the presence of 0.1mg/L uranium concentration and inhibited under higher uranium stress.While the stimulation of POD activity can indicate that it act as H2O2scavengers.
Study on Antibacterial Mechanism of Hemp Fiber
Authors: Hao Xin Min , Yang Yuan , An Li Xia , Wang Jian Ming , Han Li
Published: February 2014

In this paper, the antibacterial property of hemp fiber was studied before and after extracted with ethanol. Simultaneously, the chemical composition of ethanol extract from hemp fiber was analyzed and characterized by UR and FT-IR. Experiment results show that, the antibacterial property of hemp fiber decreased after extracted with ethanol. The Inhibitory rate to Candida albicans decreased from85.7% to 64.4%. The Inhibitory rate to Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans deceased as extraction time prolonging, and attained equilibrium after about 4 hours. Through experiments and date analysis by using FT-IR and UV, hemp fiber contains chalcone. It is initially argued that the active anti-bacterial constituents of hemp fiber may be alkaloids, flavones and saponins.
Study on Effect of Rice Flour on Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Biodegradable Poly(L-Lactic Acid)
Authors: Cai Yan Hua
Published: February 2014

The Ultra-fine rice flour (MF) was processed using supersonic speed airflow grinding technology, and the average size of the particles was 8 μm. The Poly (L-lactic acid)(PLLA)/MF composites were fabricated by blending, and the isothermal crystallization behavior of PLLA/MF was investigated in detail. The results showed that the half time of overall PLLA crystallization t1/2 was affected by Tc and content of MF. Upon the addition of 3%MF at 100°C, t1/2 decreased to minimum value. In addition, the kinetic of isothermal crystallization of PLLA/MF composites showed that there existed complicated nucleation mechanism of PLLA and PLLA/MF composite.
Isothermal Crystallization Behavior and Kinetics of Poly (lactic acid) Filled with a Novel Nucleating Agent
Authors: Xu Nai , Wang Xing Hui , Pan Li Sha , Pang Su Juan , Chen Xuan , Yang Shu Yu , Lin Qiang
Published: February 2014

The crystallization behavior and crystalline structure of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) filled with a novel nucleating agent (TMC328), which is a kind of aromatic amide derivatives, were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray (XRD). In isothermal crystallization from the melt, the present of TMC328 remarkably affected the isothermal crystalline behaviors of PLA. PLA/0.5% TMC328 sample exhibited very short crystallization half-times at 90-130 °C. Furthermore, the Avrami theory was used to describe the isothermal crystallization kinetics of PLA/TMC328 samples. It is confirmed that TMC328 showed a significant heterogeneous nucleation effect on the crystallization of PLA matrix. Moreover, XRD measurement indicates that TMC328 is a kind of α-form nucleating agent for PLA.
Synergistic Inhibition of Sodium Molybdate and Sodium Silicate on Carbon Steel in KCl Media
Authors: Cui Yi Shun , Qiao Kang Quan , Huang Bin
Published: February 2014

The Synergistic Corrosion Inhibition of of Sodium Molybdate and Sodium Silicate for Mild Steel in 5 % Kcl Solution at 25 °C was Investigated Using the Conventional Weight Loss Measurement Method and Potentiodynamic Polarization Method. the Obtained Results Show that Carbon Steel can be more Efficiently Protected by the Mixture of Sodium Molybdate and Sodium Silicate than Single Sodium Molybdate or Single Sodium Silicate in 5 % Kcl Solution at 25 °C. Tough the Concentrations of Single Sodium Molybdate or Single Sodium Silicate Reaches up to 1000mg/L, but their Inhibition Efficiencies are both under 74 %. however, when the Concentration of the Combined Inhibitor of Sodium Molybdate and Sodium Silicate is only 200 Mg/L its Inhibition Efficiency is still above 88 %.
Electrochromic Properties of Co3O4/NiO Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Li Wen Ting , Zheng Ying , Song Xu Chun
Published: February 2014

Co3O4/NiO nanocomposite films were electrochemically synthesized on a ITO surface. The Co3O4/NiO nanocomposite films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochromic properties of Co3O4/NiO nanocomposite films are investigated in an aqueous alkaline electrolyte (0.1M KOH) by means of transmittance, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) measurements. The Co3O4/NiO nanocomposite films exhibit a noticeable electrochromism with reversible color changes, and fast switching speed (4.1 s and 3.6 s).
Morphology and Orientation in Thin Film of Polystyrene-b-Polylactide Prepared by Solution-Casting
Authors: Zhou Jin Fang , Zhang Jian An , Chen Ting
Published: February 2014

The development of the morphology in asymmetric Polystyrene-b-Polylactide (PS-b-PLA) thin films was investigated by Tapping-mode AFM. The thin films were prepared by solution casting with different evaporation rates. Films were cast onto hydrophobic Si wafers. When PS-b-PLA was dissolved in chloroform, fast evaporation (~110nL/s) produced hexagonally packed perpendicular PLA cylinders in the PS matrix; intermediate evaporation (~25nL/s) generated mixed microstructures of PLA cylinders of either vertical or parallel to the substrate; slow evaporation (~9nL/s) produced the PLA cylinders that were fully parallel to the substrate. This simple one step route is shown where highly oriented, ordered arrays of cylindrical domains of PS-b-PLA can be produced over large distance.
Characterization of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Vacuum Evaporation
Authors: Wang Li Li , Zhang Yi Wei , Zhang Chun Mei , Wang Zheng Duo , Meng Tao
Published: February 2014

The TiO2 thin films were prepared by vacuum evaporation on glass using TiO2 powder 99.99% as coating material and with varying deposition speed. The TiO2 thin films were characterized by a-step device, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM). The influence of deposition rate were discussed. The results indicated that thickness of the TiO2 thin film was prepared under the deposition rate of 4Å/sec was 200 nm at room temperature, with amorphous structure. The film changed to anatase crystal structure when was annealed at 450 °C for one hour and the TiO2 thin film was uniform and well combined with the glass substrate.
Influence of Calcium Carbonate Powder on Water Requirement and Flowability of Self-Compacting Mortar Incorporating Bagasse Ash
Authors: Makul Natt , Sangsirimongkolying Ratsamee , Soottitantawat Somkid , Mathurasa Laongtip
Published: February 2014

Bagasse ash (BA) is a plentiful byproduct obtained from the process of electricity generation during sugar manufacturing. We investigated the influence of adding calcium carbonate powder (CCP) to self-compacting mortar (SCM) mixtures. Type 1 Portland cement was replaced with 0%, 20%, and 40% as-received or ground BA and CCP by weight. Mixtures were designed to yield a slump flow spread of 25.0 cm in diameter. The water requirement and V-funnel flow time of each SCM mixture were determined.
Research on the Mix Design of Cement Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Zhang Yun Hua , Zhao Jin , Fu Jun , Yu Chun Mei , Xiang Tao
Published: February 2014

Effect of material mix proportion on strength of cement asphalt concrete (CAC) was studied based on 7d cleavage strength. Results indicate that the cleavage strength of CAC increase sharply with the increase of the cement content (0-6%), and the optimum content of added water and emulsified asphalt were 2% and 6% respectively while the cement content was 5%.
Effects of Artificial Silica Fume on Compressive Strength and Workability of Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Han Li Zhong , Zhang Shuo Qi
Published: February 2014

The C60 self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixed artificial silica fume (ASF) and silica fume (SF) respectively were evaluated systematically through the items, such as compressive strength, slump loss, air content, and setting time, by which effect principles and mechanisms of ASF on compressive strength and workability of self-compacting concrete were obtained. The results indicate that ASF improves performances of fresh SCC better than SF, and it is a kind of high activity mineral mixture with high-early-strength.
The Influence of Bi2O3 on SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-RO Glass Propertiesarts
Authors: Tian Ying Liang , Zhang Jing , Sun Shi Bing , Fan Ji Ye
Published: February 2014

In the paper, regarded SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-RO system as basic composition, high-temperature glass glaze was prepared successfully by using Bi2O3 in place of Al2O3, and traditional melt annealing method was adopted .The influence of Bi2O3 on expansion coefficient, sintering temperature, electrical resistivity was investigated by DIL-2008, SJY sintering imager, Keythley2410. The results show that the sintering temperature of glass glaze has a wide range, which can reach 270°C, so it is easy to sinter; with the increasing of bismuth oxide content, expansion coefficient of glass glaze gradually increases, whereas sintering temperature and electrical resistivity continuously decreases.
A Comparative Study on the Performance of Domestic Cellulose Based Pressboards for Use in Transformers
Authors: Song Liang , Sheng Jian Feng , Liu Jun
Published: February 2014

The cellulose based pressboards from four well-known suppliers in China, which areChangzhou HuaDian Insulation Material Co., Ltd (HD), TaiZhou XinYuan Electrical EquipmentCo., Ltd (XY), Hunan GuangXin Electrical Technology (GX) and ShangHai YaZhong TradeDevelopment Co., Ltd (YZ) were analyzed and compared. The guarantee value of Figeholm’spressboard was taken as a reference. Mechanical results show that most pressboards have excellenttensile, compressive and flexural properties except for YZ pressboards. The ply adhesion was alsostudied by simple loading method to verify the bonding effect and only XY pressboard show nosliding. Electrical results show that all pressboards have a similar electrical strength while HD andXY pressboards show relatively lower dissipation factor value. Based on the mechanical andelectrical performance, XY pressboards are considered to be better as compared to others andcompetitive to Figeholm’s products.
Study of Damage and Acoustic Emission Properties of Rocks under Uniaxial Cyclic Load-Unload
Authors: Song Li , Gu Lin , Wei Sai Ping
Published: February 2014

In order to study the damage and sptial spatial and temporal distribution of acoustic emission of rocks under uniaxial cyclic load-unload, test of rocks with various kinds of heterogeneity under uniaxial cyclic load-unload disturbance was conducted using numerical simulation software RFPA2D.Figure destruction and acoustic emission - load curve of rocks were obtained from the test.The results show that destroy of the rock was produced from tensile stress concentration area surrounding the hole. as the load increases,crack developmented to the edge of the rock.when homogeneity of rock was low, crack development with irregularity due to defects of rocks. with the increasing homogeneity of rock, damage evolution mode under uniaxial cyclic load-unload disturbance transition from ductile to brittle.damage evolvement process can be responsed by acoustic emission. with the increasing homogeneity of rock. The maximum number of acoustic emission Continuously improve and exhibit unexpected. Kaiser effect of acoustic emission under cyclic loading is significantly This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. .
Analysis of Hot Oil Pipeline Stress Influencing Factors
Authors: Wu Xiao Nan , Wu Shi Juan , Lu Hong Fang , Wan Jie , Liu Jia Li , Li Wei Tao , Liu Zi Lin
Published: February 2014

In order to reduce the viscosity of crude oil for transport, we often use the way of heating delivery for high pour point, high wax, and high viscosity oil. Crude oil at high temperature, through long-distance transmission, the temperature and pressure changes on the piping stress greater impact. In this paper, in order to explore the main factor of hot oil pipeline stress and the location of key points, we build the XX hot oil pipeline stress analysis model used CAESAR II software, analysis of the impact of changes in temperature and pressure on piping stress when hot oil pipeline running, draw hot oil pipeline stress distribution, clearly identifies the location of key points of stress concentration, and we have come to that temperature is a major factor in generating pipe stress.
The Way of Obtain C3H4O+ Fragments Laser-Induced by Cycloheptanone Ion Excited State
Authors: Chen Hong Bin , Zhu Ying , Wu Jie
Published: February 2014

Our theoretical study aims to the way of obtain C3H4O+ fragments laser-induced by Cycloheptanone ion (C7H12O+ ) excited state and gives out a result with proved and directed significance for the corresponding experiments. Using the CIS（Configuration Interaction with Single Substitute） method, calculated Cycloheptanone ion excited state structure and vibrational frequencies.
First-Principles Calculation of the Vacancy Formation Energy in VC
Authors: Sun Shi Yang , Xu Ping Ping , Liu Xue Jie , Tan Xin
Published: February 2014

The ab inttio density functional theory had been used to calculate the vacancy formation energy of C in the vanadium carbide, to reveal the effects of super-cell size and parameters k points. It turned out that,the calculation model of C vacancy formation energy in VC should be contain 64 atoms, while the K grid meshed 5x5x5 above using the Monkhorst-Pack method. And due to the vacancy formation energy of C 6.76eV, the high vacancy concentration of VC could be caused by simple thermal vibration. These researches not only had a certain value to know VC properties, but also had great significance to rediscover the forming of vacancy.