bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THEME AND RHEME ANALYSIS IN KURIKULUM MERDEKA ENGLISH TEXTBOOK OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Mahfud Ali , Rusmawaty Desy , Kalukar Ventje Jany
Published: May 2024

This research is about theme and rheme analysis using Systemic Functional Linguistic approach by Halliday. The purpose of this research is to identify theme and rheme, classify the types and components of theme and rheme and also identify the thematic development. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The research data is taken from Kurikulum Merdeka textbooks of English subjects at the junior high school level. The results showed that there were three types of themes found in the data, namely topical, interpersonal, and textual themes. Topical theme appears in 55%, interpersonal theme appears in 34%, and textual theme appears in 10%. The appearance of type theme in each clause often coincides with other themes. It is very rare for one clause to have only one theme. Thematic development found in the data is multiple theme and zigzag theme. Some data bring up themes implicitly because the type of data is in the form of dialogue which often occurs word elimination
TRABALHANDO A DANÇA NO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO : UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Farias de Almeida Ana Paula , Lopes de Souza Adrielle , Lopes de Souza Adriano
Published: May 2024

O   presente   estudo   tem   como   objetivo relatar a experiência pedagógica com o conteúdo Dança durante o período do Estágio Curricular Supervisionado em Educação Física no Ensino Fundamental II, da Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, na cidade de Tocantinópolis (TO). Trata-se de um relato de experiência, de cunho qualitativo descritivo, com o uso da autonarrativa. A análise do recorte empírico foi organizada em seis etapas, quais sejam: 1- Contextualização da Problemática; 2- Fase do planejamento/preparação; 3- Aulas teóricas; 4- Atividades práticas; 5- Ensaios das coreografias; 6- Momento da culminância. Os resultados da experiência apontaram que apesar dos desafios para ministrar a Dança ao longo do bimestre, sobretudo, em virtude da resistência por parte dos alunos do sexo masculino, é possível e necessário trabalhar com tal conteúdo nas aulas de Educação Física, incluindo aspetos de natureza teórica e prática, tal como o evento de dança realizado na escola.
Nilai Perusahaan: Implikasi Profitabilitas dan Ukuran Perusahaan
Authors: Putri Melisa Ariani , Aryansyah Ary Fakturrachman
Published: May 2024

This research reveals the relationship between profitability and company size on firm value. The research type is quantitative research. The population in this study is companies in the energy sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analysis method used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with Smart PLS 4.0 program. The results of this study indicate that profitability has a negative effect on firm value, while company size has no effect on firm value.
أثر تمرينات تورو مقترحة لتطوير مهارتي المناولة القصيرة والاخماد للاعبي كرة القدم بعمر (15-17) سنة
Authors: Lec. Dr. Aban Abdul Karim Mezher
Published: May 2024

هدف البحث  في التعرف على تأثير تمرينات التورو المقترحة في تطوير بعض المناولة القصيرة والاخماد بكرة القدم، واستعمل الباحث المنهج التجريبي بتصميم المجموعتين المتكافئتين لعينة البحث البالغ عددها(24)لاعب من فريقي نادي بابل للموسم(2022-2023) بأعمار (15-17) سنة من مجتمع البحث الأصلي البالغ (30) لاعب وقسمت عينة بالتساوي على مجموعتين إحداها تجريبية والأخرى ضابطة، واستعمل الباحث ادوات مساعدة والأجهزة الملائمة لأجراء الاختبارات الخاصة بمتغيرات البحث، فضلاً عن تنفيذ تمرينات المقترحة وأجريت  تجربة استطلاعية مصغرة على عينة من طلاب المرحلة الثانية بلغ عددهم(6) لاعبين، وبعد إجراء الاختبارات القبلية وتنفيذ مفردات التمرينات الخاصة بمعدل اللعب لمدة(4) أسابيع وبواقع(3) وحدات تعليمية وبعدد كلي(12) وحداة، وبعدها أجريت الاختبارات البعدية للتوافق الحركي و دقة التهديف بكرة القدم تمثل ، وبعد استخراج البيانات ومعالجتها إحصائيا ومن ثم عرضها وتحليلها ومناقشتها اعتمادا على المصادر العلمية ذات العلاقة، توصل الباحث إلى استنتاجات عدة من أهمها تم التوصل إلى فاعلية التمرينات التورو المقترحة في تطور المناولة القصية والاخماد للاعبين، وفي ضوء هذه الاستنتاجات أوصى الباحث بضرورة التأكيد  على استعمال التمرينات التعليمية المقترحة في الوحدات التعليمية لكرة القدم لهذه الفئة.
Market choice behavior of fish farmers in the haor regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Acharjee Debasish Chandra , Chowdhury Shanjida Amin , Gosh Kamal , Suhi Shakila , Amin Md Ruhul , Alam G M Monirul
Published: May 2024

The fish farming sector in haor regions of Bangladesh is integral to both local livelihoods and the national economy. This study examined the factors that influence fish farmers’ choice of market in this region, offering empirical insights into their decision-making processes. Using a random sampling technique, data were collected from 450 fish farmers across three upazilas in Netrokona, Kishoreganj, and Sunamganj districts. The multinomial logit model was employed to identify these influencing factors. The analysis revealed that factors such as age, education, access to extension services, and labor availability have negative effects on the selection of secondary markets. Total market loss also negatively impacts the choice of both secondary and tertiary markets. Furthermore, transportation facilities and distance to the market decrease the probability of selecting tertiary markets. In contrast, access to credit facilities positively influences the choice of secondary markets and negatively influences the choice of tertiary markets. Infrastructure facilities have a positive impact on the choice of secondary and tertiary markets but reduce the likelihood of selecting primary markets. This study underscores the importance of effective support systems, investments in education and infrastructure, risk management enhancements, and the promotion of sustainable practices in the local fish farming industry. Policymakers and stakeholders should consider these findings when developing strategies for the sustainable growth of the haor regions’ fish farming sector.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2023) 27 (2): 71-89
Genetic diversity in maize at germination and seedling stages under simulated drought conditions
Authors: Mannan Md Abdul , Begum Ferdousi
Published: May 2024

Ninety seven maize (Zea mays) genotypes were evaluated for germination and early seedling characters under PEG6000 (8%) induced drought stress to identify drought tolerant genotypes. Descriptive statistics for percentage of seed germination and abnormal seedling, shoot length, root length, and shoot dry weight, root dry weight, seedling length, seedling dry weight, and vigor index revealed significant variation among the genotypes studied. The percentage of germination  and abnormal seedlings varied greatly among the genotypes. The first and second principal components (PC) of PCA results accounted for 73.15 and 26.85% of the total variation of maize genotypes, respectively. The first PC variation consisted primarily of relative seedling shoot dry weight and relative seedling root dry weight. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into four clusters. Cluster III genotypes performed better in terms of relative shoot dry weight, relative root dry weight, and number of abnormal seedlings, indicating drought tolerance. Very poorly performance was shown by genotypes in cluster IV, whereas moderately performance was shown by genotypes in cluster II and I. The clusters differed significantly from one another, according to D2 and multivariate analysis. Thirty six genotypes viz. BD-814, BD-810, BD-812, BD-821, BD-815, BD-10015, BD-10238, CML-552, BD-822, BD-826, CML-341, CML-555, CML-591, CML-523, CML-564, BD-817, BD-10018, BD-10240, CML-577, CML-342, CML-556, BD-837, CML-544, BD-827, BD-806, BD-835, BD-840, BD-842, BD-10010, CML-562, BD-10239, BD-10016, CML-593, CML-568 and BD-10234  demonstrated relatively drought tolerance during the germination and early seedling stages might be used in future breeding program.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2023) 27 (2): 19-30
Screening drought-tolerant bread wheat genotypes using yield-based stress indices
Authors: Ahmed Sheikh Faruk , Nazran Anika , Ghosh Totan Kumar , Ahmed Jalal Uddin , Mohi Ud Din Mohammed
Published: May 2024

Global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity suffers severely from drought stress. Exploiting natural variation in drought tolerance among genotypes offers a promising avenue to counter yield losses and breed superior varieties. As yield is the key trait in wheat breeding, selecting genotypes based on both yield and drought tolerance indices remain a viable strategy. To identify tolerant genotypes using yield and yield-based indices, a comprehensive investigation was conducted in a factorial fashion of 56 wheat genotypes under two water regimes (control and drought) over two distinct growing years. This approach employed a split-plot design to ensure the statistical robustness of the results. Drought stress significantly reduced grain yield regardless of genotype or growing season. Strong correlations were observed between yields and yield-based drought tolerance indices, with most associations being strongly positive for both control and drought-stressed conditions. Both hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis produced well-correlated results, revealing three distinct genotypic clusters: 6 tolerant and high-yield, 31 mid-tolerant, and 19 susceptible and low-yield genotypes. Statistical analysis showed that eight drought tolerance indices, viz. stress tolerance index (STI), modified stress tolerance index (mSTI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean index (HMI), relative efficiency index (REI), relative decrease in yield (RDY), and superiority index (Pi) effectively distinguished the genotypic clusters, indicating their usefulness in selecting drought-tolerant and high-yielding wheat genotypes. The genotypes from the tolerant cluster: BARI Gom 33, BARI Gom 21, BAW-1147, BD-9910, BD-600, and BD-9889 exhibited better yield protection under drought stress compared to the other genotypes, demonstrating their potential for cultivation in water-deficit environments.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2023) 27 (2): 41-58
Population size structure and breeding biology of Puntius sophore in the old Brahmaputra river, Bangladesh
Authors: Debi Supapa , Salam Mohammad Abdus , Rahman Mohammad Lutfar , Hossain Md Shakhawate , Mazumder Sabuj Kanti
Published: May 2024

The pool barb (Puntius sophore) is an indigenous freshwater species of Bangladesh. The population size structure, sex ratio, condition factor, gonadosomatic index, and fecundity of P. sophore were estimated as biological parameters in the present study. A total of 480 specimens were collected in 12 months from the River Brahmaputra between July 2019 and June 2020. Length-frequency data revealed that the length of the maximum number (155) of individuals in catch sample was in 9-11cm intervals. The average male: female ratio was 1.0:1.4 indicating female dominance in the population throughout the year though there was no significant difference between the sex ratio (χ2=0.34, P>0.05). Mean condition factor (K) was different in different months. Both sexes experienced the highest condition factor (K) in June, and the lowest in February and January, respectively. The GSI in both sexes fluctuated significantly in different months and showed one peak in June. Total fecundity varied from 960 to 5680 (3116±1411). The arithmetic equations of fecundity against TL, BW, and OW were F=3409.33+615.35 TL, F=462.47+40.20 BW, and F=2932.9+2839.32 OW respectively. The scatter diagram between fecundity with TL, BW, and OW demonstrated a linear relation and positive association between the three variables. The findings of this investigation offer baseline information on a few biological characteristics of P. sophore, information that will help forecast the reactions of P. sophore populations in the Old Brahmaputra River.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2023) 27 (2): 59-70
Assessment of heavy metals and ecological risk of pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farms in Bangladesh
Authors: Keya Rifat Azad , Hasan Jahid , Akter Ajmala , Roy Anamika , Razzak Mohammad Abdur , Shaha Dinesh Chandra , Rahman Zinia , Ahsan Md Emranul
Published: May 2024

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the contamination levels of heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu) in surface water and sediment of pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) aquaculture farms in four regions (Mymensingh, Cumilla, Bogura, and Jashore) of Bangladesh. The ecological risk index (ERI) was determined to assess the water quality index. The water contained As concentrations of 3.60–11.14 µg/L; Pb of 1.73–3.83 µg/L; Cd of 1.26–23.12 µg/L; and Cu of 6.08–45.22 µg/L; whereas the sediments contained As concentrations of 2.84–4.57 mg/Kg; Pb of 8.32–16.07 mg/Kg; and Cd of 0.22–12 mg/Kg. Most locations had moderate to low levels of pollution, and the levels of contamination decreased from Cd to Pb to As to Cr. The declining sequence of potential ecological risk factors of toxic metals in sediment was Cd > Pb > As > Cr. Cd's potential ecological risk factor ranged from 2.84 to 21.58, making it one of the elements with the highest potential for ecological danger compared with other metals in this study. The Igeo values for the metals under study showed the following hierarchy Cr > As > Pb > Cd. As had a geo-accumulation index of -1.87 to 0.82, Pb, Cd -0.48 to -1.13, and Cr registered -1.28 to -2.45. Ponds in four different regions were found to be safe and suitable for fish culture, however, it was recommended that continuous monitoring of heavy metal concentrations in the aquaculture sector is necessary to mitigate the threat of contamination.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric.27(2):105-117
Performance of sunflower at different pruning regimes in Acacia albida based agroforestry system
Authors: Khatun Shima , Sarmin Noor Shaila , Miah Md Main Uddin , Hoque Md Azizul , Parvin Shohana , Mondal Satyen
Published: May 2024

A study was conducted in albida (Acacia albida) based agroforestry research field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) from November/2020-March/2021 to evaluate the performance of sunflower at different light intensity created by pruning off the albida canopy at different levels. The experiment was set up in a single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Five different treatments of the experiment were as follows; T1: albida tree (no pruning) T2: albida tree (25% pruning), T3: albida (50% pruning, T4: albida (75% pruning) and T5: sunflower sole cropping in open field. The results revealed that T1 treatment produced the tallest plant (100.72cm) followed by T2 (97.48cm) while the treatment T5 produced the shortest (72.95cm) plant. The fresh weight (81.67g) and dried weight (13.95g) of sunflower leaves were found maximum in T4 and the minimum fresh weight (53.48g) and dry weight (8.34g) were recorded in T1 treatment. The highest CGR (1.169mg/cm2/day) and RGR 66.58 (mg/g/day) values were found in T5 and was not significant with T4. The yield parameters of sunflower such as head diameter (15cm) and 1000 seeds weight (43.34g) were found maximum in T5 (open field) which was statistically similar to that of T4 treatment. The T5 yielded the highest (1.13t/ha) sunflower seeds followed by T4 (1.09t/ha). The study indicated that sunflower can be grown successfully under the albida tree canopy with 75% trimming.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. 27(2): 119-128
Current scenario on reproductive management and performances of dairy cows in Manikganj district
Authors: Zarin Israt , Talukder Anup Kumar , Hoque M Nazmul , Rahman Md Mizanur , Haider Md Golam , Rahman Abu Nasar Md Aminoor , Das Ziban Chandra
Published: May 2024

The aim of the study was to evaluate reproductive management and performance of dairy cows in Manikganj district. A total of 400 cows with varying genetics, including native (N), Sahiwal or Red Sindhi cross with native cows (S or RS×N), and Holstein-Friesian cross (HFC), were randomly selected from 60 farms, between February to November 2022. Various practices linked to reproductive management and parameters associated with reproductive performance, such as calving to first service interval (CFSI), calving to conception interval (CCI), number of services per conception (NSC), and calving interval (CI), along with data on health problems related issues, were collected using a predetermined questionnaire by interviewing farmers and personal observations. Results reveal that visual observation method (100%) was used for estrus detection and 91.67% farmers observed their cows several times in a day. The majority of farmers (78.3%) followed artificial insemination (AI) to conceive their cows. Only 43.3% farmers checked cow’s pregnancy routinely at 90-120 days after breeding by rectal palpation. Additionally, 26.7% farmers maintained dry period of their milch cows, whereas, 73.3% were not interested. Most of the farmers (75.0%) provided vitamin-mineral supplements during gestation period. However, only 30.0% farmers maintained hygienic condition during puerperium period.  The average reproductive performances were CFSI (111.9 ± 18.0, 110.8 ± 21.9 and 106.4 ± 22.1 days), CCI (124.8 ± 20.0, 125.9 ± 21.8 and 121.7 ± 21.3 days), NSC (1.6 ± 0.5, 1.7 ± 0.6 and 1.8 ± 0.6) and CI (409.4 ± 21.4, 412.4 ± 21.8 and 408.3 ± 21.0 days) in N, S or RS×N and HFC cows, respectively (p>0.05). The overall prevalence of reproductive problems was 29.5 % and this rate was 46.0, 33.3 and 27.1% in N, S or RS×N and HFC cows, respectively. Therefore, reproductive management practices were good in majority of farms, but need to improve and performance of cows managed, is acceptable and mostly fall within the reproductive goals for sustainable production and farm income.
 Ann. Bangladesh Agric. 27(2): 129-144
Assessment of the temperature and humidity index (THI) to facilitate the establishment of a ruminant rearing system in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Sodrul , Mondal Apurbo Kumar , Aawal Md Rabiul , Islam Md Shahidul , Siddiki S H M Faruk , Islam Md Ashraful
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study was to assess the  temperature-humidity index (THI) values in the selected regions of Bangladesh for the suitability of ruminant rearing. Data on monthly temperatures and relative humidity were collected from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) for a 27-year time period (1995–2022). The study region’s data indicated that the hottest area was west central region and hottest month was June. In comparison, the coolest area was northwest region and coolest month was January. The northwest region had no heat stress from November to February, mild heat stress from March to May and October, as well as moderate heat stress from June to September. In the northeast region, mild heat stress occurred from March to May, October, and November, and moderate heat stress from June to September. December to February were comfortable, March, October, and November were mild heat stress, and April through September were moderate heat stress in the west central region. In the east central region, mild heat stress occurred in March to April, October, and November, and severe heat stress in May to September. In contrast to the west central region, which showed moderate heat stress during the rainy season, most other seasons showed mild heat stress. Thus, heat stress periods might vary depending on regional meteorological scenarios. Animals faced heat stress (THI > 72) or a warning signal due to a progressive increase in temperature and humidity indices over months and years of investigation. When THI levels are high, especially in July and August, livestock farmers must emphasize various herd management techniques to limit the risk of milk production and quality concerns, disease prevalence, and reproductive performance. The findings of the present investigation suggest heat stress mitigation measures for Bangladeshi ruminant farmers.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. 27 (2): 161-174
Water quality and the presence of metals in crustaceans (Sartoriana spinigera) and mollusks (Pila globosa) close to an urban waste landfill in Kodda at Gazipur
Authors: Mondal Md Nurunnabi , Siddiqui D M Rokibul Hoque , Promi Israth Jarin , Ahsan Md Emranul , Choudhury Tasrina Rabia , Abrarin Shaifa
Published: May 2024

Degradation of water and sediment quality along with other aquatic ecosystem components, due to urban waste is a significant concern that demands attention. Despite of the multifaceted use of the Konabari area within the Gazipur City Corporation of Bangladesh, limited studies have assessed the health of the floodplain ecosystem adjacent to urban waste landfills in Kodda. This research focuses on evaluating water quality parameters and the presence of metals and metalloids in water, sediment, and biota (invertebrates) in the lowland floodplain near the Kodda municipal landfill in Gazipur district. In December 2022, thirteen composite samples, including water, sediment, crustaceans (Sartoriana spinigera), and mollusks (Pila globosa), were collected from the designated sampling site. Surface and sub-surface (0–15 cm depth) water were collected using a water sampler for water quality analysis, and the presence of heavy metal and metalloid content of the water, sediment, crabs, and mollusks were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The results indicated dissolved oxygen concentrations ranging from 0.30 to 5.81 mg/l (mean 3.1±2.37 mg/l). Certain locations directly affected by waste discharge exhibited alarmingly low dissolved oxygen levels (~0.71 mg/l), coupled with elevated temperatures and phosphate (PO43−) content (2–7.4 mg/l). The scarcity of heavy metal concentrations (<0.0677 mg/l) in water may be attributed to the constant flow of water preventing metal accumulation in the flowing water. However, sediment analysis revealed significantly higher concentrations (mean±Sd) of Fe (15240±1211 mg/kg), Mn (1122±180 mg/kg), Cu (44±5.5 mg/kg), Cr (28±3.2 mg/kg), Ni (39±2.4 mg/kg), As (3.7±0.89 mg/kg), and Zn (72±3.95 mg/kg) compared to other studies in various locations. Crustacean (Crab) samples showed concentrations of Cr, As, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu exceeding recommended permissible limits. Pila globosa emerged as an effective ecological bioindicator of aquatic pollution, with concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pd exceeding recommended limits. Despite eco-environmental indices suggesting low to moderate contamination, the heavy metals and metalloids study indicated degradation of ecosystem health triggered by urban waste discharge. Consequently, the study recommends proper waste treatment in landfills and their transformation from open dumps to scientifically managed controlled waste landfills.
Ann. Bangaldesh Agric. 27(2):175-189
Performance of BSMRAU-developed vegetables under fruit tree-based agroforestry systems
Authors: Rahman Md Abiar , Saha Satya Ranjan , Das Ashim Kumar , Mondol Chandon
Published: May 2024

Many field crop lands are being transformed to fruit orchards in different locations of Bangladesh. There is an ample scope to cultivate intercrops in the orchards following scientific manner and proper technology including suitable varieties. In this study, mango and orange orchards were transformed to agroforestry system in Kotchandpur upazila under Jhenaidah district to investigate the performances of selected vegetable varieties (bottle gourd, stem amaranth, papaya, cauliflower, and country bean) developed by the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU). Randomized complete block design was used to compare agroforestry (mango and orange orchards) and non-agroforestry (open field) treatments for identifying suitable tree-vegetable combinations. The results indicated that yields of the tested vegetables were higher in the non-agroforestry system (crop field without trees) compared to the agroforestry system. Yields of bottle gourd stem amaranth, cauliflower, and country bean in agroforestry systems decreased by 21, 7, 18, and 19%, respectively, compared to non-agroforestry system. On the contrary, yield reductions were 7.9, 15.7, 3.9 and 4.6% in mango-based agroforestry than orange-based agroforestry for bottle gourd, stem amaranth, cauliflower, and country bean, respectively. The findings suggested that although all the tested vegetables can be grown in agroforestry, but creeping type vegetables are less suitable. Despite the observed reduction in yields, the fruit tree-based agroforestry system demonstrated its potential as a viable alternative, offering to reduce crop failure risk to the farmers and optimizing land utilization. The order of the suitability of the tested vegetables are stem amaranth > cauliflower > country bean > bottle gourd in agroforestry systems.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. 27(2):191-199
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: a challenging case treated with a psychopharmacological approach
Authors: Mehedi Murad , Islam Md Faijul , Sarkar Mekhala
Published: May 2024

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is a subcategory of personality disorder, though prevalent is a less researched condition. Psychotherapy is the mainstay of treatment but provided data on its effectiveness are scarce. The case presented involves an unhappy 26-year[1]old lady preoccupied with perfectionism, inflexibility, reluctance to collaborate with others with significant interpersonal distress, and functional impairment. In addition to pharmacological treatment, psychological interventions including cognitive behaviour therapy, problem-solving counselling, and coping strategies were exercised on the ground of a trusting therapeutic alliance. Considerable improvement was noticed.
Bang J Psychiatry 2022;36(1):18-20
Factors associated with non-adherence to psychotropic medication among patients with major psychiatric disorders
Authors: Nahar Saifun , Walid Muhammad Sayed Inam , Miah Mohammed Zubayer , Maruf Mohammad Muntasir
Published: May 2024

Psychiatric disorders have become a global public health concern with its increasing global disease burden. Non-adherence to psychotropic medication has huge grave consequences for both patients and the overall health care system. However, there is paucity of studies on medication non-adherence in the underdeveloped world. The Objective of the study was to identify the factors associated with non-adherence to psychotropic medication among adult patients with major psychiatric disorders. This was a cross sectional study, conducted at National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh over the period of 12 months from January 2018 to December 2018. For this purpose, 120 adult patients with the age range of 19-65 years, who had history of non-adherence to psychotropic medications, were selected by convenient sampling method. A semi-structured, self-designed questionnaire containing socio-demographic and clinical variables as well as items related to the factors for non-adherence to psychotropic medication was used for data collection. Data was analysed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 16. The results showed that, among 120 patients, 58.3% were male and 41.7% were female. Age, education, employment status, religion, major psychiatric diseases were significantly associated with factors related to non-adherence to psychotropic medication. Non-adherence to psychotropic medication increases the risk of psychiatric morbidity, mortality and quality of life. So, broad-based efforts must be taken to curb this trend.
Bang J Psychiatry 2022;36(2): 24-26
Psychiatric morbidity in psoriasis patients
Authors: Biswas Chiranjeeb , Roy Polash , Roy Susmita , Singha Romendra Kumar , Dey Gopal Sankar
Published: May 2024

Psoriasis is one of the established chronic dermatological disorders which exacerbate and triggers in stressful life condition. Sometimes it may cause disfigurement that enhances stress.  In long run majority of patients get depressed and also show symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorder. This was a cross sectional study, conducted in the department of psychiatry in collaboration with the department of dermatology and venereology of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh during the period from January 2013 to December 2013 to evaluate the psychiatric morbidity among the psoriasis patients and healthy controls and compare with them. For this purpose, 50 patients with psoriasis of 18 years to 65 years of age were included and categorized as group A where another 50 age and sex matched healthy individuals were included as group B by consecutive, convenient (non-probability) sampling technique. Patients having any past or family history of psychiatric disorder, substance abuse, history of any chronic medical illness, history of long term corticosteroid therapy and obese patients were excluded from the study. After taking informed consent respondents were interviewed using data collection sheet containing socio-demographic and other information which was structured and fix response type. A General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 12 Bangla version was supplied to the patients and advised to fill up the questionnaire. Those who scored 15 or above points were further evaluated by mental state examination and Diagnostic and Statistical  Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) IV Text Revision (TR) criteria for the diagnosis of psychiatric  disorders. All psychiatric disorders were diagnosed clinically and verified by consultant psychiatrist. Ethical issues were maintained properly and an informed written consent was taken from every patient. After collecting data, editing was done manually and was analyzed with statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. The results showed that, the mean age of the respondents was 36.5 (SD±13.5) and control 36.0 (SD±14.4) years which was almost identical to control group (p=0.914). Psychiatric morbidity was most frequent in psoriasis group (62.0%) as compared to control group (20.0%) (p<0.001). The most common psychiatric disorder was major depressive disorder (32.0%) followed by generalized anxiety disorder (18.0%), dysthymic disorder (6.0%), somatoform disorder not otherwise specified (NOS) (4.0%) and adjustment disorder (2.0%). The results of this study suggest that a significant number of patients with Psoriasis suffer from psychiatric disorder than healthy control group.
Bang J Psychiatry 2022;36(2): 27-34
Management difficulties in a patient with conversion disorder with comorbid bipolar disorder
Authors: Chowdhury Antara , Maruf Mohammad Muntasir , Sarkar Mekhala
Published: May 2024

Conversion disorder has several co-morbidities. Bipolar disorder is one of them.  There is no definitive treatment protocol for cases like this. In this report, we presented a case of a 30-years old female who had this kind of condition. Initially, she had a presentation like conversion disorder. But after giving her treatment, features of bipolar disorder had come to the surface.  We faced many difficulties regarding the management of this patient. By this case, the clinicians would have a better understanding of this kind of condition. This report might help clinicians in the management of conversion disorder with comorbid bipolar disorder.
 Bang J Psychiatry 2022;36(2): 39-41
Schizoid personality disorder: a rare type
Authors: Tabaasum Nafisa , Islam Faijul
Published: May 2024

Schizoid personality disorder is a rare type of personality disorder that is characterized by restricted range of expression of emotions such as emotional coldness, detachment or flattened affectivity to almost each and everything in daily and natural activities. This was a case report about a 30 year old male from a rural area who presented with the complaints of being self  absorbent, slothful, reluctant with self-laughing, self-muttering and odd behavior, having little  interest in emotional reaction with poor social interactions and no interest in earning or  pleasurable activities. On mental state examination his mood was found to be euthymic with restricted affect; decreased rate and rhythm of speech with impairment of judgement, abstract and insight. Other medical causes of such conditions were excluded. In addition to pharmacological treatment, psychological interventions were exercised and considerable improvement was noticed.
Bang J Psychiatry 2022;36(2): 42-43
Exploring the Synergy of the SAMR (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition) Model and Technology Integration in Education: The Key to Unlocking Student Engagement and Motivation
Authors: Boateng Samuel , Kalonde Gilbert
Published: May 2024

The SMAR Model of teaching and technology integration are compared in this research study with an emphasis on how they affect motivation and engagement among students in classrooms. In the context of the SMAR Model, the review investigates the theoretical underpinnings of technology integration and how it could encourage student motivation and engagement. It emphasizes the value of technology in education, the many forms of technology used, the variables affecting effective integration, and its effects on student motivation and engagement. The review also recommends areas for further research and emphasizes how closely the SMAR Model's integration of technology and student motivation and engagement are related. A significant positive relationship between the SMAR Model's integration of technology and improved student motivation and engagement has been found in the literature, particularly in the stages where technology is used to create interactive, dynamic, and personalized learning experiences. With an emphasis on boosting student engagement and motivation, the study provides educators and instructional designers with useful insights and ideas for successfully integrating technology inside the SMAR Model. It also looks at issues and things to think about while putting technology integration into practice. The review's conclusion highlights the potential for technology integration within the SMAR Model to increase student engagement and motivation, highlighting the necessity for creative technology usage to provide engaging and inspiring learning environments.
Examining Middle School Students’ Visual Mathematics Literacy Self-Efficacy Perceptions According to Various Variables
Authors: Özdişci Selda , Katrancı Yasemin
Published: May 2024

In this study, we first determined the level of visual mathematics literacy self-efficacy perceptions (VMLSEPs) of middle school students. Then, we examined whether these perceptions differ significantly according to various variables such as gender, class level, mathematics achievement, receiving support, and parental educational status or not. It is a survey study. Therefore, 278 middle school students participated in the study. The data was collected with the Visual Math Literacy Self-Efficacy Perception Scale (VMLSEPS). The results of validity and reliability analyses of the data showed that the analyses could be performed. After this, it was determined whether the data distributed normal or not. According to this, all the data show normal distribution; therefore, parametric tests such as independent sample t-test and One-Way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. As a result, middle school students’ VMLSEPs are at a high level. While students’ VMLSEPs did not show a significant difference according to gender, receiving support, and fathers’ educational status, these perceptions showed a statistically meaningful difference according to class level, mathematics achievement, and mothers’ educational status.
An Investigation of the Enigmas and Accessibility of Academic Literature, Writing, and Peer Review
Authors: Ghafar Zanyar Nathir
Published: May 2024

Novice researchers and postgraduate students have traditionally viewed the systematic method of writing as opaque, difficult, untidy, and tedious. This research investigated the enigmas and accessibility associated with academic literature, writing, and peer review. Secondary sources were used to collect data and conduct this investigation. The review paper aims to encompass various types of literature and writing, and although there is no universally accepted approach, different methodologies are necessary for different types of reviews and writings. The challenges associated with comprehending, evaluating, and composing literature mostly arise from the initial inability to accurately ascertain the reviewer's specific objectives and choose a systematic and thorough approach to pursue them. The process of reviewing and producing academic literature is a challenging endeavor that requires careful attention, well-defined goals, timely access to appropriate resources, and sufficient availability of relevant information. The study findings have significant implications for scholars and postgraduate students who are required to engage in literature evaluation and writing at different levels, particularly during crucial, specified, and constrained time periods.
Gender and Other Inequalities in Secondary Education in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone: Exploring the Experiences and Outcomes of Girls in Schools
Authors: Conteh O'bai
Published: May 2024

This study extends limited research on understanding gender and education in post-conflict contexts. The study goes beyond the descriptive analysis of equality in terms of numbers but rather focuses on the gendered processes and conditions of learning (i.e., The content of what girls learn and how they learn). It gives an account of how schooling experiences produce and reproduce inequalities in secondary education. This critical analysis utilizes the intersectionality framework to illustrate how the intersection of multiple identities such as gender, social class, sexuality, culture, and location influences girls' learning experiences and outcomes in secondary school in post-conflict Sierra Leone. I particularly draw on girls’ explanations of these issues as they negotiate and are affected by them. Therefore, a detailed qualitative ethnographic study was conducted in a secondary school from the south region of Sierra Leone to explore gendered experiences and their intersecting inequalities in everyday schooling. This is to understand the gendered institutional life of the school and as far as possible do this through the voices and perspectives of those within the school, especially the girls. What this research does is to broaden the in-school research knowledge by focusing on investigating the gendered process of learning, everyday formal and informal in-school interactions, cultures and practices and the intersection of gender with other social identities like sexuality, Socioeconomic status (SES), Location and Traditions. I also tracked how these new directions of knowledge influence girls' performance, retention, and attainment. This study adopted a qualitative research method using an ethnographic approach to examine the pupils’ and teachers' detailed secondary schooling experiences. This was achieved by using in-depth interviews to explore students’ individual personal experiences of secondary schooling. The studied participants were purposively selected based on the established parameters for this study. The findings of this study revealed a highly gendered school environment, and that the intersection of multiple identities, such as gender, social class, sexuality, culture, and location, exacerbates inequalities in secondary education and influences girls' learning experiences. Additionally, the study highlighted the impact of societal factors, such as early marriage and teenage pregnancy, on girls' educational outcomes, especially in a post-conflict context like Sierra Leone.
Teaching English at Tertiary Level: Motivating Students of Technical Study Programs
Authors: Tataurova Viktorija
Published: May 2024

Student motivation has always concerned foreign language instructors. It has become more topical in recent years, after the introduction of COVID-19 restrictions, and the new global phenomenon known as remote learning. Previously, it has been claimed that teachers should pay greater attention to intrinsic motivation (e.g., curiosity, autonomy, interest in the subject, novelty), as only intrinsically motivated learners are kept motivated throughout the whole course of learning. It has been proven that extrinsic motivational factors (e.g., awards, positive feedback, good marks, pressure from the family) are inadequate to keep learners motivated over a long period. Still, psychologists suggest that both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation must be activated to ensure an efficient learning process. The present research is aimed at investigating the view of the learners of technical study programs on intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors as regards foreign language learning, the interrelation between the teacher’s character, studying environment, classroom management, and family involvement in the studying process and motivation, as well as to investigate the factors that motivate the technical students to learn and kept them motivated in the remote learning setting. The author of this research surveyed 140 students of Riga Technical University of the technical study programs. The results showed that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are essential for student motivation in the post-pandemic time. However, in a crisis situation, even self-motivated students appear to lose their intrinsic motivation and seek support from families, peers, and teachers to stay motivated. The challenging, entertaining, and engaging tasks, good classroom management, and the application of digital teaching methods are appreciated by students in these times.
Salud Bucal: importancia de los primeros años de vida
Authors: Palma Portaro Camila , Cabrera Matta Ailin
Published: May 2024

Los primeros años de vida, incluyendo la etapa pre-natal, son especialmente importantes para el mantenimiento de una buena salud bucal durante las diferentes etapas de la vida de una persona. La gestación es un momento clave para educar a la madre y reducir su riesgo de caries y enfermedad periodontal, lo cual será positivo para la salud general y bucal del niño. Sin embargo, existen muchos mitos al respecto y son pocas las embarazadas que acuden al odontólogo. La caries dental, a pesar de ser una enfermedad prevenible, es actualmente la enfermedad crónica más prevalente en la infancia mundial. Los factores etiológicos implicados en la caries pueden ser influenciados por los profesionales de salud que asisten al niño y su entorno, especialmente en la primera infancia, siempre y cuando se tengan los conocimientos adecuados sobre las recomendaciones de salud bucal. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión es uniformizar criterios y orientaciones sobre el cuidado de la salud bucal, de acuerdo a la evidencia científica del más alto nivel disponible. De esta manera, se podrán ofrecer pautas de salud bucal claras y efectivas, evitar los mensajes contradictorios que reciben los padres de diferentes profesionales de la salud y contribuir en la reducción de la altísima prevalencia de caries dental en los niños peruanos, mejorando así su desarrollo y su calidad de vida.
Cell Membrane Hybrid Lipid Nanovesicles Enhance Innate Immunity for Synergistic Immunotherapy by Promoting Immunogenic Cell Death and cGAS Activation
Authors: Qian Ruijie , Guo Yawen , Wang Ruihua , Wang Shuai , Gao Xuemei , Zhu Ziyang , Wang Kun , Zhu Ke , Jia Baosong , Chen Yijian , Wang Zhiyu , Ren Jianzhuang , Duan Xuhua , Han Xinwei
Published: May 2024

Immunotherapy shows great therapeutic potential for long-term protection against tumor relapse and metastasis. Innate immune sensors, such as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING), dissolve DNA and induce type I interferon. Through activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, chemotherapy drugs and reversine (REV) may provide synergetic anti-tumor effects. Here, we prepared drug-loaded cell membrane hybrid lipid nanovesicles (LEVs) (designated LEV@DOX@REV) by fusion of cell membranes, phospholipids, doxorubicin (DOX), and REV, to realize accurate delivery to tumors and chemo-immunotherapy. The cell membranes of LEVs confer “homing” abilities. DOX can induce immunogenic cell death as a result of its specific immunomodulatory effects, which promotes the maturation of immune cells and improves the microenvironment of the immune system. REV is proven to efficiently activate cGAS/STING signaling, thereby enhancing the immune system. The antitumor efficacy of LEV@DOX@REV was evaluated in a 4T1 subcutaneous tumor xenograft model, a distant metastatic tumor model, and a liver metastatic tumor model. LEV@DOX@REV facilitated the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes within tumors, increased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and modified the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, LEV@DOX@REV displayed favorable antitumor effects and extended the survival of tumor-bearing mice. We therefore successfully developed nanoparticles capable of enhancing immune activation that have potential therapeutic applications for cancer immunotherapy.
Hyaluronic-Acid-Nanomedicine Hydrogel for Enhanced Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Mediating Macrophage–Synovial Fibroblast Cross-Talk
Authors: Wang Yaping , Wang Jingrong , Ma Mengze , Gao Rui , Wu Yan , Zhang Chuangnian , Huang Pingsheng , Wang Weiwei , Feng Zujian , Gao Jianbo
Published: May 2024

The occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is highly correlated with progressive and irreversible damage of articular cartilage and continuous inflammatory response. Here, inspired by the unique structure of synovial lipid–hyaluronic acid (HA) complex, we developed supramolecular HA-nanomedicine hydrogels for RA treatment by mediating macrophage–synovial fibroblast cross-talk through locally sustained release of celastrol (CEL). Molecular dynamics simulation confirmed that HA conjugated with hydrophobic segments could interspersed into the CEL-loaded [poly(ε-caprolactone-
co
-1,4,8-trioxa[4.6]spiro-9-undecanone)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ε-caprolaone-
co
-1,4,8-trioxa[4.6]spiro-9-undecanone] (PECT) nanoparticles to form the supramolecular nanomedicine hydrogel HA-poly(ε-caprolactone-
co
-1,4,8-trioxa[4.6]spiro-9-un-decanone)/PECT@CEL (HP@CEL), enabling fast hydrogel formation after injection and providing a 3-dimensional environment similar with synovial region. More importantly, the controlled release of CEL from HP@CEL inhibited the macrophage polarization toward the proinflammatory M1 phenotype and further suppressed the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts by regulating the Toll-like receptor pathway. In collagen-induced arthritis model in mice, HP@CEL hydrogel treatment substantial attenuated clinical symptoms and bone erosion and improved the extracellular matrix deposition and bone regeneration in ankle joint. Altogether, such a bioinspired injectable polymer-nanomedicine hydrogel represents an effective and promising strategy for suppressing RA progression through augmenting the cross-talk of macrophages and synovial fibroblast for regulation of chronic inflammation.