bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neighbourhood built environment and leisure‐time physical activity: A cross‐sectional study in southern China
Authors: Yu Ting , Fu Maozhen , Zhang Bingzheng , Feng Lijuan , Meng Hongdao , Li Xin , Su Shiliang , Dun Qianqian , Cheng Siyu , Nian Yunpeng , Wu Qixin , Meng Ziqi , Duan Yiting , Liu Xin , Chen Longwei , Wu Nengjian , Zou Yuliang
Published: March 2020

This study conducted scientific evidence linking neighbourhood built environment to adults’ leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) among adults in China. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey conducted from April to July 2017 among 1002 adults aged 18‐69 years old in Pingshan District, Shenzhen, China. Chinese Walkable Environment Scale for urban community residents and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to measure participants’ neighbourhood built environment and leisure‐time physical activity, which was categorised into leisure‐time walking (LTW) and leisure‐time moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (LTMVPA). A total of 986 participants (mean age = 40.7 years, 53.3% females) were included in this research. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the socio‐demographic variables, LTW and LTMVPA by sex. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between neighbourhood environment characteristics and the likelihood of engaging in active LTW and LTMVPA. Only 20.7% of participants engaged in active LTW and 17.8% active LTMVPA. Better road condition was associated with higher likelihood of active (at least 150 min/week) LTW and LTMVPA. High perceived esthetic was positively associated with LTW and LTMVPA. Active LTW was related to better perception of traffic condition as well. The improvement of the neighbourhood environment characteristics can promote active LTPA among adults living in Shenzhen, China. Our findings support the importance of considering population health effects in urban planning and development.
Three-Airy autofocusing beams*
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Hong , Wang Fei-Li , Bai Lu-Yang , Lou Ci-Bo , Liang Yi
Published: March 2020

We numerically and experimentally demonstrate that a three-Airy autofocusing beam can be generated by superposing three deformed two-dimensional (2D) Airy beams with a triangle symmetry. When the initial angle between two wings of the deformed 2D Airy beams increases, such a three-Airy autofocusing beam exhibits that the focusing length decreases and the intensity contrast at the focal point changes. Moreover, after introducing an optical vortex phase, this three-Airy autofocusing beam displays a transverse rotation in propagation. The rotation angle is determined by the topological charge of the vortex and the initial wing angle. Our results may have some potential applications in optical manipulation.
Scattering and absorption characteristics of non-spherical cirrus cloud ice crystal particles in terahertz frequency band*
Authors: Xie Tao , Chen Meng-Ting , Chen Jian , Lu Feng , An Da-Wei
Published: March 2020

We used discrete dipole approximation (DDA) to examine the scattering and absorption characteristics of spherical ice crystal particles. On this basis, we studied the scattering characteristics of spherical ice crystal particles at different frequencies and non-spherical ice crystal particles with different shapes, aspect ratios, and spatial orientations. The results indicate that the DDA and Mie methods yield almost the same results for spherical ice crystal particles, illustrating the superior calculation accuracy of the DDA method. Compared with the millimeter wave band, the terahertz band particles have richer scattering characteristics and can detect ice crystal particles more easily. Different frequencies, shapes, aspect ratios, and spatial orientations have specific effects on the scattering and absorption characteristics of ice crystal particles. The results provide an important theoretical basis for the design of terahertz cloud radars and related cirrus detection methods.
Balancing strength and plasticity of dual-phase amorphous/crystalline nanostructured Mg alloys*
Authors: Wang Jia-Yi , Song Hai-Yang , An Min-Rong , Deng Qiong , Li Yu-Long
Published: March 2020

The dual-phase amorphous/crystalline nanostructured model proves to be an effective method to improve the plasticity of Mg alloys. The purpose of this paper is to explore an approach to improving the ductility and strength of Mg alloys at the same time. Here, the effect of amorphous phase strength, crystalline phase strength, and amorphous boundary (AB) spacing on the mechanical properties of dual-phase Mg alloys (DPMAs) under tensile loading are investigated by the molecular dynamics simulation method. The results confirm that the strength of DPMA can be significantly improved while its excellent plasticity is maintained by adjusting the strength of the amorphous phase or crystalline phase and optimizing the AB spacing. For the DPMA, when the amorphous phase (or crystalline phase) is strengthened to enhance its strength, the AB spacing should be increased (or reduced) to obtain superior plasticity at the same time. The results also indicate that the DPMA containing high strength amorphous phase exhibits three different deformation modes during plastic deformation with the increase of AB spacing. The research results will present a theoretical basis and early guidance for designing and developing the high-performance dual-phase hexagonal close-packed nanostructured metals.
Excitation-wavelength-dependent THz wave modulation via external bias electric field*
Authors: Feng Shi-Jia , Dong Li-Quan , Ma Dan-Ni , Wu Tong , Tan Yong , Zhang Liang-Liang , Zhang Cun-Lin , Zhao Yue-Jin
Published: March 2020

A theoretical model was proposed to describe the effects of external bias electric field on terahertz (THz) generated in air plasma. The model predicted that for a plasma in a bias electric field, the amplification effect of the THz wave intensity increases with the increase of the excitation laser wavelength. We experimentally observed the relationship between the THz enhancement effect and the electric field strength at different wavelengths. Experimental results showed a good agreement with the model predictions. These results enhance our understanding of the physical mechanism by which femtosecond lasers excite air to generate THz and extend the practical applications of THz generation and modulation.
Non-Markovian entanglement transfer to distant atoms in a coupled superconducting resonator*
Authors: Mu Qingxia , Lin Peiying
Published: March 2020

We investigate the non-Markovian effects on the entanglement transfer to the distant non-interacting atom qubits, which are embedded in a coupled superconducting resonator. The master equation governing the dynamics of the system is derived by the non-Markovian quantum state diffusion (NMQSD) method. Based on the solution, we show that the memory effect of the environment can lead to higher entanglement revival and make the entanglement last for a longer time. That is to say, the non-Markovian environment can enhance the entanglement transfer. It is also found that the maximum entanglement transferred to distant atoms can be modified by appropriately selecting the frequency of the modulated inter-cavity coupling. Moreover, with the initial anti-correlated state, the entanglement between the cavity fields can be almost completely transferred to the separated atoms. Lastly, we show that the memory effect has a significant impact on the generation of entanglement from the initial non-entangled states.
First-principles calculation of influences of La-doping on electronic structures of KNN lead-free ceramics*
Authors: Wang Ting , Fan Yan-Chen , Xing Jie , Xu Ze , Li Geng , Wang Ke , Wu Jia-Gang , Zhu Jian-Guo
Published: March 2020

The electronic structures of lead-free piezoceramic (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN) and La-doped KNN ((K0.5Na0.5)0.994La0.006NbO3) are studied by using first principles calculation on the basis of density functional theory (DFT). The results reveale that the piezoelectricity stems from strong hybridization between the Nb atom and the O atom. At the same time, the K or Na atoms are replaced by the La doping atoms, which brings about the anisotropic relaxation. The La doping reduces the forbidden band, at the same time it makes Fermi surfaces shift toward the energetic conduction band (CB) of KNN. With the increase of La-doping intent, the phase structure of KNN extends from O-phase to T-phase and improves the piezoelectric properties of KNN.
Influence of polarization of laser beam on emission intensity of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy*
Authors: Yang Lan , Liu Miao , Liu Yi-Tong , Li Qing-Xue , Li Su-Yu , Jiang Yuan-Fei , Chen An-Min , Jin Ming-Xing
Published: March 2020

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an important technique which is widely used to analyze element composition. In order to improve the sensitivity of LIBS, much effort has been made to enhance the spectral intensity of LIBS by proposing a number of methods. In addition, we find that laser polarization has great influence on the emission intensity of femtosecond LIBS. By comparing the emission intensity of femtosecond LIBS in the circular polarization with that in the linear polarization, the spectral intensity in the case of circular polarization is stronger than that in the case of linear polarization. Moreover, this phenomenon is more obvious as laser energy increases. The polarization plays an important role in LIBS signal intensity. Based on the observation, the enhanced mechanism of the laser polarization for the spectral intensity is discussed in this paper, which will be helpful in spectral analysis and component analysis.
Effects of 3d-transition metal doping on the electronic and magnetic properties of one-dimensional diamond nanothread*
Authors: Miao Zhenzhen , Cao Can , Zhang Bei , Duan Haiming , Long Mengqiu
Published: March 2020

The diamond nanothread (DNT), a new one-dimensional (1D) full carbon sp3 structure that has been successfully synthesized recently, has attracted widespread attention in the carbon community. By using the first-principles calculation method of density functional theory (DFT), we have studied the effects of 3d transition metal (TM) atomic doping on the electronic and magnetic properties of DNT. The results show that the spin-polarized semiconductor characteristics are achieved by doping Sc, V, Cr, Mn, and Co atoms in the DNT system. The magnetic moment ranges from 1.00 μ
B to 3.00 μ
B and the band gap value is from 0.35 eV to 2.54 eV. The Fe-doped DNT system exhibits spin-metallic state with a magnetic moment of 2.58 μ
B, while the Ti and Ni-doped DNT systems are nonmagnetic semiconductors. These results indicate that the 3d TM atoms doping can modulate the electronic and magnetic properties of 1D-DNT effectively, and the TM-doped DNT systems have potential applications in the fields of electronics, optoelectronics, and spintronics.
Rural household pluriactivity and plurilocality: a source of resilience to climate breakdown
Authors: White B
Published: March 2020

Rural small-farmer households in Asia are characterized by a high degree of mobility of household members between places (pluriactivity) and sectors (plurilocality). These features are not well captured in Census and other large-scale statistics, or in common conceptions of ‘occupation’, ‘farm’ and ‘household’. As climate change brings increasing risks and unpredictability to smallholder farming, pluriactive rural livelihoods can be important in the adaptation of poor and marginal rural groups to the vagaries and risks of climate change, while smallholder farming itself can be an important counter to climate change. Family farming, according to the Global Action Plan of the UN Decade of Family Farming 2019-2028, can contribute to all 17 Sustainable Development Goals. A revitalized smallholder farming depends not only on active support from governments, but also on the emergence of a new generation of young men and women interested in farming. Will there be a next generation of smallholder farmers? Or will smallholder farming be abandoned by the new generations, leaving big capital and the multinationals to take over? Recent research shows that while many young rural men and women indeed aspire to non-farming futures, they also have a clear idea of what is needed to make farming a more attractive option, especially: access to land, to markets, and government support, and combining farming with other income sources, reflecting the pluriactive and plurilocal character of sustainable rural livelihoods.
The Possibly of the November-December 2018 earthquakes caused by hydrothermal in the Mamasa and surrounding areas derived by the earthquake relocation data
Authors: Ali Y H , Rosid M S , Ramdhan M
Published: March 2020

During the last two months in 2018, 761 earthquakes occur in Mamasa Region, west Celebes. These earthquakes are not lying in known active faults in Celebes and not have mainshock. About 287 earthquakes felt by local society. Mapping for detailed seismicity in this region is crucial to know the source of this earthquake sequence. The Inversion from arrival time catalog was performed to derive the 1-D local velocity model. The initial velocity model is obtained by combining ak135 for spherical average structure and local velocity model in Palu Koro Region that has been studied previously. The new local velocity model was used to compute double-difference relocation, while data input was arrival time catalog from Meteorological Climatological and geophysical agency. We successfully relocate 752 earthquakes with fine residual value 0 until 0.032 seconds. The trend of this earthquake sequence was spread but the main linearization is N 80 W, but it still makes a trend from a 48-degree dip angle. With the number of earthquakes in a narrow area and shallow depth within a short period of time, it should be suspected that there is a contact between faults and hot springs in the area so that these earthquakes can occur.
Community-based adaptation for ecosystem disaster risk reduction in the Upstream Merawu Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Sari N A , Suryatmojo H , Utami A W
Published: March 2020

Forest conversion to agricultural land in the upstream area of Merawu watershed has changes the ecosystem composition and reduced the stability. Mass erosion and landslide occurred in the upstream and increased the ecosystem vulnerability. Tamansari and Penanggungan hamlets are prone to erosion, landslides and environmental pollution from intensive farming. Potatoes, cabbage, carrots, and chili are the main commodities planted, particularly in Penanggungan hamlet. Planting on the steep slope, intensive land mechanization and high intensity of pesticide spraying caused the area to be prone to ecosystem disasters such as erosion, landslides and environmental pollution. This study aims to determine the people’s perceptions of ecosystem disasters and analyse the community adaptation and mitigation strategies. Community perceptions is analysed using Mann Whitney test, while adaptation and mitigation strategies using qualitative descriptive. The results showed that the upper Merawu watershed community’s perceptions varied greatly by knowledge and attitudes of the community. Knowledge is affected by the intervention of PT. Indonesia Power and Field Extension Officer. Community attitudes are influenced by the type of land use and commodities planted. Adaptation actions practiced by the community include water drainage cleaning, application of intercropping, crop rotation and agroforestry. Mitigation actions carried out by the community include the construction of drainage channels, terraces, embankments, and planting of wood plants (structural mitigation) while mitigation carried out by the government is more towards non-structural mitigation such as socialization and training, planting joint seedlings and the establishment of disaster resilient village (i.e., Destanta).
Climate change effects on agriculture in thabaung township, ayeyarwady region, Myanmar: challenges and perceptions of farmers
Authors: Soe K K
Published: March 2020

In the Thabaung township, Ayeyarwady river delta region, the majority of the farmers derive their livelihood from subsistent farming. With climate change expected to result in increased flooding, the impacts on these poor rural farmers will be significant and since adaptation is not cheap, prioritizing responses by sectors becomes essential. This paper is focused the impact of flood on agriculture and farmers perceptions and their challenges. The economy of Thabaung Township is largely depends on agriculture but, at the same time, the study area is subjected to floods annually. The paper is based on quantitative and qualitative fieldwork in Thabaung in 2019. First a literature review took place and secondary data (paddy production) was collected from General Administrative Department, Department of Agricultural Land Management and Statistics of Thabaung Township. Within the paper some quantitative methods, common for analyzing (semi-) standardized questionnaires like Likert scale, cluster analysis is used to show the spatial distribution of agriculture condition of flood prone areas were used. Then key actors were asked in qualitative open interviews with local experts (farmers). Finally, a SWOT analysis comes to a comprehensive assessment.
The meaning of elderly welfare at Budi Dharma nursing home in Yogyakarta
Authors: Aryati S , Khoiruluswati N M , Christianawati A
Published: March 2020

The elderly are the last stage in human life which is marked by some changes in typical physical conditions, psychology, and social-economic changes. The role of the family to pay attention to the elderly population is still needed. However, various advances that occur due to modernization and industrialization have led to a reduction in family attention towards the elderly population. Therefore, the issue of the elderly is still warm to be raised as an issue relating to the welfare of the elderly population. Through a qualitative approach,this study used a purposive sampling method to collect the primary data. There were 26 informants who were successfully interviewed, consisting of 5 administrators of the Budi Dharma Nursing Home and 21 elderly people who live there. The results showed that each elderly has a different perspective on feeling welfare according to their conditions at the moment. The elderly who live in the Nursing Home feel that they are prosperous because their needs are fulfilled, but they feel more prosperous when they live with their family. Generally, the elderly need more attention from their family but on the other hand, they do not want to add to the family’s economic burden.
Visitors satisfaction monitoring using important perform analysis in Pindul Geoheritage-Indonesia
Authors: Suyanto A , Haryono E , Baiquni M
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate visitors’ satisfaction with the image, attractions, and facilities provided by site management in Pindul geoheritage. Pindul geoheritage is considered successful, sustainable and get some recognition from the national and international organization. The significance of examining visitor perceptions and satisfaction is essential for understanding what positively influences people to travel to geoheritage and why some aspects are more important than others. This study is an explanatory study with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The Important Perform Analysis (IPA) is used in this study for analysis. The result of the research is there is a difference in terms of overall visitor satisfaction during the visit the geoheritage between Yogyakarta and outside Yogyakarta visitors and through the importance and satisfaction analysis shows that the beautiful landscape was the most influencing aspect in attracting the visitor.
Resilience of persons with paraplegia for earthquake disaster victims in Bantul Regency
Authors: Hanjarwati A , Marfai M A , Pramono M , Rijanta R
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors and stages of resilience of people with paraplegia victims of the earthquake disaster in Bantul District in 2006. The research method used was a mix method with a population of 124 people with paraplegia and a sample of 44 people with paraplegia. Resilience in people with paraplegia is achieved through 4 phases: stress phase, self-acceptance and adaptation phase, self-development / capacity building phase and resilient phase (independent in mobility, productive and socializing). The determinants of resilience of paraplegia with different research are factors accessibility and adaptation factors.
Journey of researches on gender and disaster in Indonesia
Authors: Fajarwati A , Wardhani A G , Sintesa M P
Published: March 2020

A disaster that has a different impact on each individual / community that experiences it. This is caused by different conditions of vulnerability. The vulnerability of a person / group of people is caused by various factors, one of which is gender. This paper aims to explore the journey of gender and disaster in Indonesia with the literature review method. The results of the study show: 1) the journey of gender and disaster studies in Indonesia began with the publication of research in 2011 and then develop fluctuatively; 2) research with this theme is mostly carried out in Java Island; 3) most research used qualitative methods; 4) most studies with the theme Gender and Disaster still interpret ‘Gender’ as ‘Female; 5) most of researchers were women or men and women in one team; 6) the focus of the discussion from those studies mostly about ‘Women participation in disaster management’.
Landuse change in Jakarta Province: trend, types, and socio-demographic factors
Authors: Dewi R P , Khofianida A , Agista D E , Arrasyid F P , Kurniawati  , Damayanti S I , Putri R F
Published: March 2020

Landuse change in Jakarta Province is one of the popular issue due to urban problems. As a capital city, Jakarta has small agriculture area and large non agriculture area. The objectives of this study are to know the landuse change trend, to know the types of landuse that change overtime, and to know the factors that cause landuse change specifically in socio- demographic condition in Jakarta. This study used secondary data from Badan Pusat Statistik or Statistic Board Center of Jakarta to derive population and landuse data. The analysis of this study used a spatial approach and by calculating land resources balancing. From this study, we find that landuse change was increased in Jakarta overtime, especially in foods crops, horticulture, and forestry area, which vary over the districts. Major socio-demographic factors that cause landuse change is high population density in Jakarta.
Analysis of meteorological water availability and water demand in Cemoro River section area
Authors: Kusuma Aji A P , Purnomo A D , Setyawan A , Delweis B A , Fauzi D R , Astuti E S , Darmawan F R , Ahyar M I , Wijayanti N F , Widyastuti M
Published: March 2020

About 69% of Cemoro River Section Area is dryland agricultures. Rain is the main source of irrigation for the dryland agricultures, but during dry season farmers use Cemoro River water for irrigation which is directly flowed using a water pump. The potential of water resources in Cemoro River Section Area is very important and determines agricultural products. The aim of this study is to analyze meteorological water availability and water demand in Cemoro River Section Area. Thornthwaite Mather method is used to calculate meteorological water, while the total water demand are calculated based on the domestic water demand, livestock water demand, and agricultural water demand. The result shows that discharge from 60% rain probability could meet total water demand stated as a surplus, but discharge from 80% rain probability could not meet total water demand and classified as deficit.
Characterizing flow release from the aquifer of Guntur Spring in Gunungsewu Karst Area, Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhan F , Widyastuti M , Adji T N , Cahyadi A , Naufal M , Riyanto I A
Published: March 2020

Karst aquifers have three flow components, namely conduit, fissure, and diffuse. This research was designed to characterize the flow release from the karst aquifer of Guntur Spring. It is part of the hydrogeological system Panggang Block, part of Gunungsewu Karst Area, Gunungkidul, the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The water level and discharge data from May 2018 to May 2019 were processed to create flow hydrographs. Two different methods were applied to measure discharge variation in one year, namely sudden injection in dry seasons and velocity area in rainy seasons. While baseflow separation analysis was employed to calculate the percentage of baseflow, recession constants computation was used to derive the three flow components of the karst aquifer. The recession constants, Kb (diffuse flow), Ki (fissure flow), and Kc (conduit flow), were calculated from nine selected flood events. From the hydrograph analysis, this research found that the average discharges in rainy and dry seasons were 56.7 l/s and 13.25 l/s, respectively. These relatively small flows are mainly because Guntur Spring is an epikarst spring with layers of limestone or thin aquifer. The recession constants were Kb=0.998, Ki=0.933, and Kc=0.500, meaning that Guntur Spring has three flow components, including diffuse, fissure, and conduit. Although the baseflow separation analysis found that the diffuse flow prevailed (93.07%), the influence of conduit and fissure flows was apparent, especially during rainy seasons. The Guntur Spring hydrograph analysis revealed that the average time to baseflow (Tb) and time to peak (Tp) was rather prolonged. Supporting this finding was the mean value of Kc that categorized the recession as medium and signified that the conduit fractures developing in Guntur Spring were not extensive. As a conclusion, diffuse flow mainly characterizes the discharge of Guntur Spring with some indications of growing fissures and conduits.
Baseflow separation of some springs in the Jonggrangan karst area, Java, Indonesia
Authors: Pratama A D , Adji T N , Dwiputra D S
Published: March 2020

Karst aquifer flow can be divided into diffuse, fissure, and conduit. Diffuse (base) flow plays a role in maintaining the continuity of karst springs. This research was conducted in the Kiskendo underground river, Mudal spring, and Anjani underground river, which is located in the Jonggrangan karst area, to determine variations in the base flow proportion in the three locations. Water level and discharge data are collected for a year (March 2018-March 2019). The water level and discharge data pairs are then used to create a rating curve to obtain flow hydrographs during the study period. Several flood events are then chosen to calculate the baseflow recession constant. Separation of base flow is automatically carried out to determine the percentage of base flow during the study period. The results showed that all three locations had fluctuating hydrographs that followed the seasons, with many peaks of flood hydrographs occurred following rainfall events. This condition shows that all three locations have developed aquifers. Although this is the case, flows in the three locations tend to be dominated by base flow both during the dry and rainy seasons, which indicates the capacity of aquifers to store groundwater is still good. Besides, the results of the base flow separation show that the percentage increases during the dry season and decreases during the rainy season. The decrease in the percentage of base flow during the rainy season is due to the contribution of direct flow (fissure and conduit) to the karstic aquifer.
Estimation of land surface temperature in Dieng volcanic complex using tir-based satellite imageries
Authors: Astisiasari  , Hizbaron D R , Setiawan M A
Published: March 2020

The satellite-based Land Surface Temperature (LST) and its anomaly values were observed in the geothermal area of Dieng Volcanic Complex (DVC). Landsat-8 and ASTER product on surface kinetic temperature (AST-08) were selected, based on its spectral and spatial resolution characteristics, as well as its retrieval methods applied for the LST extraction. Statistical analysis was performed on the pixel-integrated temperatures to cross-compare both of the remote sensing-based LST. Thermal Infrared (TIR)-based LST was also correlated with the LST reference from a field measurement. Correlation between the field measurement and satellite-based LST was considered insignificantly weak; while correlation between the satellite-based LST (Landsat-8 with SW and ASTER-based with TES) was significantly strong. The LST registration approaches cause difference on correlation strength. Field-based LST directly measured the ground kinetic temperature of sample points with infrared thermometer; while satellite-based LST sensed the thermal radiation emitted by the represented objects in a pixel area that possibly mixed the LST values. The clusters in response to geothermal features reflected bias result; as the thermal anomalies were less pronounced, observed from both of the satellite-based LST estimation.
Sensitivity Analysis of Surface Runoff Parameters Towards Peak Discharge and Flood Volume
Authors: Hidayat S , Soekarno S
Published: March 2020

Inappropriate urban flood management may cause deterioration of urban living quality, known as urban decay. In order to avoid this, the sensitivity of surface runoff parameters towards peak discharge (Qp) and flood volume (Vf) needs to be analysed. By conducting sensitivity analysis, the influence of any runoff parameter to these two output can be assessed quantitatively. This study aims to sort out the sensitivity of seven runoff parameters towards Qp and Vf at part of the suburb of Mawson Lakes, South Australia. Four synthetic rainfall events with the Annual Recurrence Interval (ARI) of 2-year and 50-year; each with the duration of 12 hour and 72-hour; were generated by the AusIFD software. The hourly intensity values of these synthetic rainfall were then fed into the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to predict Qp and Vf. Further, the initial values of runoff parameters based on previous studies were used in the first flood estimation. Different sets of parameters which were 25% less than and greater than the initial values were used in the next flood modelling. Results showed that the most sensitive parameters were %-impervious followed by Manning’s n-pervious. Modelling using initial values of parameters produced Qp and Vf of 0.340 m3/s and 2.372 MCM for 2-year ARI respectively, whereas the corresponding values for 50-year ARI were 0.519 m3/s and 3.424 MCM, respectively. Decreasing the parameter initial values by 25% produced. Meanwhile, increasing the parameters’ initial value by 25%.
Magma evolution of Slamet Volcano, Central Java, Indonesia based on lava characteristic
Authors: Harijoko A , Milla A N , Wibowo H E , Setiawan N I
Published: March 2020

We reported magma evolution of Slamet volcano, both temporally and spatially, as represented by its lava characteristics. Slamet volcano, located in Central Java Indonesia, is a Quaternary basaltic stratovolcano and part of the extensive Sunda volcanic arc. Slamet volcanism stage can be divided into Old Slamet and Young Slamet. Old Slamet characterized by basaltic to andesite (SiO2 49-59%), composition and have rough morphology in the western flank. Meanwhile, Young Slamet has more mafic composition, basaltic to basaltic andesite (SiO2 48-52%), and smoother morphology in the eastern flank. Variation of major, minor, and trace element combined with petrographic features suggest that the differentiation process of Slamet magma is dominantly caused by fractional crystallization and magma mixing. Detailed temporal evolution suggested that magma of each Old Slamet and Young Slamet undergo a differentiation process that changes magma composition from mafic to more felsic for several times. Old Slamet evolved more intensive, producing a wide range of silica content and might coincide with some explosive events in the past. Young Slamet which the youngest stage represented by Guci unit is dominated by mafic magma. Differences between Old and Young Slamet lead to the conclusion that they come from a different magma chamber.
Tobacco farmers Perspective towards increasing climate change risk on agriculture sector: a case study of Temanggung- Indonesia
Authors: Nurjani E , Harini R , Sekaranom AB , Mutaqqin AS
Published: March 2020

Predicted increasing climate variability and change in the future by the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change have significant impact towards agricultural sector in Indonesia.Local farm commodities in Indonesia, such as tobacco, are very sensitive to changing climate. This study aims to measure tobacco farmers perspective towards increasing climate riskin Indonesia. Tobacco plantationarea in Temanggung District is selected as a case study since it is well known for its tobacco production, particularly for cigarette.Focus Group Discussion (FGD) towards local tobacco farmers has been conducted to identify how the weather and climate affect the farmer activity, as well as the climate risk due to increasing unpredictability of weather and climate. The result shows that in farmers perspective, it becomes more difficult to manage the farmlands. For the case of tobacco, excessive rainfalls orinsufficient rainfall could cause crop failure. As a result, the tobacco productivity is not as large compared to the past. The farmers also have lower income compared to the past5 years due to lower tobacco quality and quantity.
Sustainable livelihood strategies: comparative cases at the aftermath of landslide at Ponorogo and Bantul, Indonesia
Authors: Kurnia W , Hizbaron D R
Published: March 2020

This study discusses the sustainable livelihood strategies of landslide impacted two different regions, namely: Banaran Village-Ponorogo Regency and Wukirsari village-Bantul Regency. Banaran landslide caused 28 houses to be buried, 28 people died, and 40 families directly affected. Wukirsari landslide caused 18 houses damaged, 4 people died, 2 people were injured, 15 families fled to different areas. Banaran Village is an Agrarian Village in rural area, and Wukirsari Village is an Industrial Village in urban area. These different types of villages affected the capacity of local people to cope with disasters. This research employed a spatial temporal statistical method with livelihood component to be evaluated. There are several indicators such as meeting the needs of life and utilizing the social-family-government network observed in each household. The more diverse the activities that are owned, the higher the income, so to increase the capacity of directly affected populations requires a variety of activities as a form of livelihood strategy. Meanwhile, they show different livelihood strategy in disasters: the rural people depending on government and family assistance, while the urban people rely more on various source of income and family assistance to survive.
Urbanization philosophical perspective of slum settings in The City Of Palembang
Authors: Sukmaniar  , Joko Pitoyo Agus , Kurniawan Andri
Published: March 2020

Philosophical urbanization occurs because humans jointly move ( migrate ) to a destination area in search of a better life than before . Population density in urban areas will give birth to slums in the city of Palembang. Migrants who have a low economy will live in slums. Studi was conducted desk study with use a philosophical approach in order to obtain an essential explanation of the process of urbanization to the development of slums in the city of Palembang. The results of this study are that they migrated because they were influenced by important reasons namely employment reasons. The essential truth is that they migrate because they need money to eat, while the place they work in their native area is generally a farmer who earns an income that is uncertain and in accordance with natural conditions. When nature is not supporting, poverty is also affected by each of its citizens, forcing them to immediately go to look for cities with high economic activity. Migrants who have a low economy will occupy slums in the city of Palembang. This migration activity continues to follow the previous family so that it increases urbanization in Palembang City.
New Materialisms
Authors: Plate Liedeke
Published: March 2020

New materialism (and new materialisms) is part of the material turn currently sweeping through the humanities and social sciences and entails a paradigm shift toward a more material(ist) understanding of social and cultural life. From new materialist thinking, new (empirical) approaches, methods, methodologies and objects of study ensue. The new materialisms emerge from feminism, philosophy, and science and technologies studies and critique the foundational binaries of modern thought, especially the nature/culture, object/subject, human/thing dualisms, whose anthropocentric biases are seen to have led to the current ecological and civilizational crisis and the incapacity to think through and adequately engage with them. Proposing to give things their due, new materialisms are interested in “the force of things” and debate “the agency of things.” The post-anthropocentric interest in the vitality of things parallels the non-dualist modes of thinking of indigenous ontologies on which some new materialisms may in fact be based, but whose influence has so far insufficiently been acknowledged. At its most radical, new materialism is posthumanist, part of the nonhuman turn. A number of scholars have sought to bring the insights and concerns of new materialism(s) into the fields of literary theory and criticism, developing “thing” or “stuff” theory and seeking to conceptualize and operationalize a new literary materialism. For this, they draw on insights from a range of disciplines, including material culture studies, book and print culture studies, and comparative textual media studies. Given the importance attached to the linguistic turn as the cultural moment and textual approach in relation to which new materialists agonistically construct the newness of their material(ist) endeavors, the publication context of Roland Barthes’s famous essay “The Death of the Author”—the multimedia magazine in a box Aspen 5+6—is highlighted as an important site for critiquing a nonmaterial approach.
Deconstruction
Authors: Deer Jemma
Published: March 2020

Deconstruction is one of the most significant and controversial intellectual movements of the 20th and 21st centuries. Beginning with the French writer Jacques Derrida (1930–2004), and subsequently adopted by many others, the reading strategy known as deconstruction works to dislocate or destabilize the structures and assumptions that shape human history. Deconstruction calls into question the fundamental concepts and hierarchies of Western philosophy, demonstrates how notions of “writing” and “text” are generalizable beyond human language and thought, and foregrounds the undecidable or incalculable aspects of reading and being.

Through extremely attentive readings of philosophical and psychoanalytic texts, Derrida’s work brings to light the various centrisms and oppositions upon which they are based (centrisms such as logocentrism; anthropocentrism; and phallocentrism; and oppositions such as nature and culture; life and death; presence and absence; speech and writing; human beings and other animals). Alongside having a strong engagement with contemporary issues in society and politics, Derrida was consistently concerned with the literary effects at work in both literary and nonliterary texts, recognizing that meaning and context can neither be absolutely closed off nor fixed by author or reader. Contrary to common misapprehensions about deconstruction, the recognition of the irreducible literariness of all writing is not to suggest that texts are “meaningless,” and nor is Derrida’s generalized notion of writing meant to privilege language over the real world.

Its sustained attention to literature and the effects of reading and writing perhaps account for why deconstruction has been, and is still, most eminent within the field of literary studies. Indeed, much of the prominent deconstructive work after Derrida—including, for example, that of Hélène Cixous, Paul de Man, and J. Hillis Miller—is explicitly and primarily concerned with reading literature. That said, deconstruction cannot be reduced to merely a mode of literary criticism, and it remains influential in numerous other fields, including cultural studies, the environmental humanities, feminism, film studies, history, the life sciences, philosophy, politics, psychoanalysis, queer theory, and religious studies, to name a few.
Discipline
Authors: Hitchcock Peter
Published: March 2020

For literary theory, discipline is caught tantalizingly between its meaning as a verb and as a noun. Since the work of Foucault, in particular, one is accustomed to thinking of discipline as a structure and process of power. Individual disciplines, of course, tell their own story, but their specific constellations in education offer a snapshot of priorities (social, economic, and cultural) that are symptomatic well beyond their putative subject matter. The idea of training in knowledge goes back to the ancient world, whose models still maintain an influence in the present, although this may well depend on cultural precedents within particular languages and histories. In general, disciplines emerged in modernity and are overdetermined in a number of ways, including but not limited to: transformations in thought (the Renaissance, for instance); formations of state (that can provide an institutional infrastructure); and economic imperatives (knowledge more literally as an accumulation axiom in capitalism, for instance). Disciplines remain indices in the production and maintenance of human subjects, but there are many kinds of challenges (within disciplines, interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity, etc.) that presage a rethinking of what disciplines are and can be in the present.
Orality
Authors: Niles John D.
Published: March 2020

The human capacity for oral communication is superbly well developed. While other animals produce meaningful sounds, most linguists agree that only human beings are possessed of true language, with its complex grammar. Moreover, only humans have the ability to tell stories, with their contrary-to-fact capabilities. This fact has momentous implications for the complexity of the oral communications that humans can produce, not just in conversation but also in a wide array of artistic genres.

It is likewise true that only human beings enjoy the benefits of literacy; that is, only humans have developed technologies that enable the sounds of speech to be made visible and construed through one or another type of graphemic representation. Although orality is as innate to the human condition as is breathing or walking, competence in literacy requires training, and it has traditionally been the accomplishment of an educated elite. Correspondingly, the transmutation of oral art forms into writing—that is, the production of what can be called “oral literature”—is a relatively rare and special phenomenon compared with the ease with which people cultivate those art forms themselves.

All the same, a large amount of the world’s recorded literature appears to be closely related to oral art forms, deriving directly from them in some instances. Literature of this kind is an oral/literary hybrid. It can fittingly be called “literature of the third domain,” for while it differs in character from literature produced in writing by well-educated people, the fact that it exists in writing distinguishes it from oral communication, even though it may closely resemble oral art forms in its stylized patterning.

Understanding the nature of that hybridity requires an engagement not just with the dynamics of oral tradition but also with the processes by which written records of oral art forms are produced. In former days, this was through the cooperative efforts of speakers, scribes, and editors. Since the early 20th century, innovative technologies have opened up new possibilities of representation, not just through print but also through video and audio recordings that preserve a facsimile of the voice. Nevertheless, problems relating to the representation of oral art forms via other media are endemic to the category of oral literature and practically define it as such.
Poiesis
Authors: Martin Thomas
Published: March 2020

Poiesis is not the lyrical impulse associated with poetry as much as it is the making by which the poet (poietes) produces lively enactments associated with literature as it reflects on the nature of things. Moving beyond Plato’s notion of mimesis as a literal or passive copy of what happens to be, Aristotle conceived of poiesis as ranging over what might be in order to create a high-level product of the human intellect for reflection and the development of character. Across the literary tradition, poiesis developed into a full-fledged theory of literary creativity. Operating between a realist pole and an imaginative pole, poiesis countenances both probabilities and improbabilities as it creates its lively enactments according to changing forms and contexts. From Aristotle’s poiesis to Fowler’s poioumenon to Tolkien’s mythopoiesis, the term shifts back and forth between the act of making, the thing made, and the world made. Although any number of determinist accounts have attempted to explain poiesis, poiesis in our time ultimately becomes an indispensable product of human consciousness. Poiesis expands awareness beyond the immediacy of what is apparent in order to understand the nature of things close and remote, real and unreal, in local settings vividly realized through the medium of literary art.
Remediation
Authors: Hammond Adam
Published: March 2020

The concept of remediation, as elaborated by Jay David Bolter and Richard Grusin in Remediation: Understanding New Media (1999), is premised on the notion that media are best understood in interaction rather than in isolation. Every artistic medium, they argue, orients itself in relation to another medium, whether respectfully—as in the case of an online literary database that seeks to provide easy access to faithful facsimiles of manuscripts—or competitively—as with a videogame that seeks to replace the linearity and passivity of print with open-ended interactivity. Bolter and Grusin describe individual media in turns of two basic impulses: immediacy, or the attempt to erase the mediating function and present the illusion of directly represented reality; and hypermediacy, or the attempt to foreground the mediating function, exposing the impossibility of direct representation. They employ the same vocabulary to describe the interaction of media. Every act of remediation—every representation of one medium in another—necessarily involves both immediacy and hypermediacy. A digital edition of a literary text grants access to the words of the original print artifact (immediacy), yet by including audio readings and video commentary draws attention to its digital-specific affordances (hypermediacy). A digital archive gathers together high-resolution, color-accurate reproductions of materials scattered in rare-book libraries around the world (immediacy), yet by granting free and instantaneous access to these precious, fragile objects, fundamentally transforms the experience of engaging with their analog originals (hypermediacy). Insisting that one approach media through interaction, Bolter and Grusin’s theory of remediation positions the movement of content from one medium to another as a form of translation—a transformative act in which much is lost as well as gained.