bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Korelasi Antara Jumlah Cd4 Dengan Global Longitudinal Strain Ventrikel Kiri Pada Penderita Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Pratama Yanuar Surya , Chairunnisa Andita , Bahrudin Udin , Uddin Ilham , Nugroho Mochamad Arif , Sofro Muchlis Achsan Udji , Kristina Tri Nur
Published: March 2021

Latar Belakang: Jumlah CD4 merupakan parameter penting pada penderita HIV dan berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko disfungsi sistolik. Hingga saat ini, korelasi antara jumlah CD4 dengan parameter global longitudinal strain (GLS) sebagai indikator fungsi sistolik subklinis masih belum jelas.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan metode belah lintang. GLS ventrikel kiri diperiksa menggunakan ekokardiografi dua dimensi. Jumlah CD4 baseline dan nadir diperoleh dari rekam medis sedangkan jumlah CD4 aktual dan CD4 percentage (CD4%) diperiksa menggunakan metode flow cytometry.

Hasil: Total 37 pasien HIV asimptomatik mengikuti penelitian dengan rerata umur 31,95± 7,54 tahun dan median durasi penggunaan ARV adalah 34 bulan. Median CD4 baseline dan CD4 nadir adalah 272 sel/uL dan 223 sel/uL, sedangkan rerata CD4 aktual dan CD4% adalah 516,08±252,03 sel/uL dan 19,66±7,97 %. Semua subyek penelitian memiliki fungsi sistolik normal. Rerata GLS ventrikel kiri adalah 17,02±0,71. GLS ventrikel kiri berkorelasi positif dengan CD4 aktual (r=0,43; p=0,008) dan CD4% (r=0,349; p=0,034). Penderita HIV dengan jumlah CD4 aktual ?400 sel/uL memiliki GLS ventrikel kiri yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan yang <400 sel/uL (p=0,022).

Kesimpulan: Jumlah CD4, terutama CD4 aktual dan CD4 percentage berkorelasi dengan disfungsi sistolik subklinis yang diukur dengan global longitudinal strain pada penderita HIV asimtomatik. Hal ini mungkin dapat menjelaskan peran CD4 terhadap patogenesis gagal jantung pada penderita HIV.
DIFFERENCES IN HISTORY of PREVIOUS THYROID DISEASE, METASTASIS AND ULTRASOUND INSPECTION ABNORMALITIES BETWEEN CLASSICAL PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA PATIENTS AND FOLLICULAR VARIANTS IN Dr. KARIADI HOSPITAL SEMARANG
Authors: Firdauzi Putri Nabila Zenska , Istiadi Hermawan , Wikanta Edmond Rukmana , Miranti Ika Pawitra
Published: March 2021

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common carcinoma, accounting for more than 90% of all malignancies, where the most variants are classic papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTCVF). The characteristics of previous thyroid disease history, regional metastases, and ultrasound examination results can influence the clinical examination between the two variants of PTC, namely classic PTC and PTCVF. Aim: Understanding the differences in the history of previous thyroid disease, metastases, and ultrasound examination abnormalities between Classical Papillary Carcinoma and Follicular variants at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang. Methods: A cross sectional study with consecutive sampling method in classic PTC and PTCVF patients in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang who was diagnosed in the period January to June 2019. In this study, the number of samples obtained was 18 medical records with classic PTC cases and 20 medical records with PTCVF cases. The dependent variables, namely history of previous thyroid disease, regional metastases, and ultrasound examination abnormalities, all of which were on an ordinal scale, were analyzed using non-parametric chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test. Results: In the non-parametric chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test, the results were not significant (p = 0.474), regional metastases were not significant (p = 0.359), ultrasound size abnormalities were not significant (p = 0.323), and abnormalities. ultrasound nodal was not significant (p = 0.595). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in the history of previous thyroid disease, regional metastases, and ultrasound examination abnormalities between classic PTC and PTCVF patients at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang.
Effect Of Topical DLBS 1425 On Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) Expression In Trabecular Meshwork Of Wistar Rats
Authors: Widijanto Utami , Nugroho Trilaksana , Cahyono Maharani
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the trabecular meshwork (TM) is a serine protease that important to maintain the aquos outflow resistance by activating the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). It can cause a degradation of the extracellular matrix, which can maintain the normal flow of aquos humor. However, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs has been shown to reduce the expression of tPA, leading to an increase in the outflow resistance. Therefore, we propose the use of DLBS 1425, an extract of Phaleria macrocarpa which has been proven to have anti-inflammatory effects.

Aim : This study aims to determine the expression of tPA in Wistar rats’ TM.

Methods : An experimental laboratory study with  post-test only randomized controlled group design was performed. Twenty-two Wistar rats were divided into two groups, the control and the experimental. The experimental group was given topical DLBS 1425 at a dose of 6 times / day, for 4 weeks. The control group was given drops of Hyalub Minidose® 6 times / day, for 4 weeks. tPA expression on TM was examined by immunohistochemical staining. Data were collected and processed using the SPSS 15.0 for Windows.

Results : The mean tPA expression in TM with Allred scores in the experimental group (0.18 ± 0.60) was significantly lower (p <0.001) than the control group (6.27 ± 0.91).

Conclusion : Topical DLBS 1425 suppresses the expression of tPA on the trabecular meshwork of Wistar rats.

Key words: tissue plasminogen activator, trabecular meshwork, DLBS 1425, Phaleria macrocarpa.
KAJIAN ADAT JUJURAN DALAM PERKAWINAN SUKU DAYAK MERATUS DI DESA KADAYANG KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Winda Winda , Hemamalini Kadek , Oka Puspa Anak Agung , Biasa I Made
Published: March 2021

Tulisan ini membahas tentang Adat Jujuran dalam Perkawinan Dayak Meratus di Desa Kadayang Kalimantan Selatan. Dimana dalam pelaksanaan upacara perkawinan sering mengalami kegagalan yang diakibatkan oleh jumlah jujuran  yang diminta terlalu besar sehingga menyebabkan pihak laki-laki tidak sanggup untuk membayarnya dan memutuskan untuk  membatalkan pernikahan bahkan tidak jarang lebih memilih menikah dengan orang yang berbeda keyakinan.  Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dalam proses perkawinan masyarakat Hindu Kadayang bentuk jujuran yang diserahkan kepada adat dan juga keluarga pengantin wanita  berupa sejumlah uang, yang jumlahnya tidak mengikat, tetapi disesuaikan dengan kemampuan calon mempelai laki-laki. Besar kecilnya jumlah jujuran adalah hasil negosiasi yang terjadi pada acara Baruji. Makna yang terkandung dalam  adat jujuran secara teologis bahwa perkawinan masyarakat Hindu desa Kadayang  dikatakan sah apabila menggunakan adat jujuran yang harus disaksikan oleh  adat dan disaksikan oleh Tuhan yang disimbolkan dengan penggunaan  sirih, pinang dan kapur sebagai simbol Tuhan. Makna sosial kemasyarakatan dalam adat  jujuran sebagai wujud penghargaan kepada orang tua calon mempelai perempuan dan ikatan yang menyatukan dua buah keluarga yang berbeda melalui pernikahan. Sanksi sosial keagamaan jika perkawinan dilaksanakan tanpa mengunakan adat jujuran maka perkawinan tersebut dianggap tidak sah secara agama.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN SABUN MINYAK JELANTAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN IBU-IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI KELURAHAN PANGKALAN JATI BARU DEPOK
Authors: Ariyani Nafiah
Published: March 2021

Pemanfaatan minyak jelantah di masyarakat yang tidak tepat sangat membahayakan lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Untuk itu perlu ada penyuluhan tentang cara pemanfaatan minyak jelantah secara tepat sehingga dapat menciptakan nilai ekonomi disertai dengan pemahaman kewirausahaan yang baik. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang kewirausahaan bagi ibu-ibu rumah tangga dengan memanfaatkan minyak jelantah. Materi pelatihan yang diberikan meliputi: konsep dasar kewirausahaan, unsur dan bahaya minyak jelantah, cara pembuatan sabun dari minyak jelantah dan cara pengemasannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan adalah: ceramah, penyuluhan, tanya jawab, demonstrasi dan praktek. Selama pelatihan mitra mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan dengan baik dan bersemangat. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan mitra memiliki pengetahuan tentang kewirausahaan dan dapat membuat sabun dari minyak jelantah serta terus mengusahakannya sebagai salah satu sumber alternatif pendapatan keluarga/kelompok.
Religiusitas Auditor Terhadap Kualitas Auditor Eksternal dengan Independensi dan Profesionalisme Auditor sebagai Variabel Mediasi
Authors: Winarsih Winarsih
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh religiusitas auditor terhadap kualitas audit dengan independensi dan profesionalisme sebagai variabel mediasi. Obyek penelitian adalah KAP di Kota Semarang dengan purposive sampling auditor minimal berpengalaman tiga tahun. Jumlah data observasi sebanyak 40. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profesionalisme dan independensi berpengaruh langsung terhadap kualitas audit, sedangkan religiusitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit dan independensi auditor, namun berpengaruh terhadap profesionalisme auditor. Demikian pula profesionalisme auditor tidak berpengaruh terhadap independensi auditor. Pengaruh tidak langsung menunjukkan bahwa religiusitas auditor melalui profesionalisme auditor berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kualitas audit. Hal ini mengindikasikan tingginya religiusitas auditor melalui profesionalme auditor akan menghasilkan audit yang berkualitas.
Pengaruh Struktur Modal, Profitabilitas dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan
Authors: Anggraini Dewi , MY Ani Siska
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh struktur modal, profitabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Objek penelitian adalah perusahaan-perusahaan dari sektor pariwisata, hotel, dan restauran yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2015-2017. Industri pariwisata merupakan industri yang potensial untuk berkembang di Indonesia yang memiliki kekayaan alam dan keragaman budaya. Pertumbuhan pada perusahaan sektor pariwisata sangat menarik untuk melakukan dianalisis kinerjanya. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sumber data berasal dari laporan keuangan perusahaan yang dipublikasikan masingmasing perusahaan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur modal dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Di sisi lain, profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan.
Kesenjangan Expected Service dan Perceived Service dalam Service Quality di Stasiun Commuter Line Jakarta
Authors: Nisrin Mesel Ghea Hilyati , Djamhur Ina Gandawati
Published: March 2021

Terdapat permasalahan ketidaksesuaian harapan dan persepsi penumpang terhadap pelayanan petugas tiket PT Kereta Commuter Indonesia (KCI) pada Commuter Vending Machine (CVIM) khususnya di wilayah Jakarta. Penumpang mempersepsikan petugas tiket belum memberikan pelayanan yang baik seperti yang tertera dalam nilai budaya pelayanan prima. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis harapan dan persepsi penumpang terhadap pelayanan petugas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, menggunakan pendekatan komparatif antara harapan dan persepsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai harapan lebih besar daripada nilai persepsi. KCI perlu melakukan evaluasi secara berkala terhadap pelayanan petugas tiket terutama di stasiun Jakarta Kota yang memiliki nilai ketidaksesuaian cukup tinggi. Petugas tiket harus meningkatkan kemampuannya, baik dalam berkomunikasi maupun penyampaian pelayanan kepada penumpang.
Penentuan Nilai Biaya Perjalanan Pada Pusat Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya Bogor
Authors: Febrina Laila , Prinadjati Purnomo Sutji Dyah , Arigayo Muhammad Egga
Published: March 2021

Kebun Raya Bogor (KRB) adalah kawasan konservasi di Bogor yang menjadi wahana berbagai tanaman tropis terbesar di dunia. Secara ekologis, keberadaan KRB sebagai penyerap karbon dioksida, penghasil oksigen, area penyerapan air, nilai estetika. Secara ekonomi, KRB telah berkontribusi pada upaya meningkatkan pendapatan negara dari atraksi dan meningkatkan pendapatan daerah di kota Bogor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis persepsi pengunjung KRB, menganalisis faktorfaktor yang mempengaruhi fungsi permintaan rekreasi, serta menilai permintaan ekonomi untuk pariwisata di KRB. Kuesioner persepsi pengunjung dianalisis deskriptif menggunakan skala Likert, metode perumusan fungsi permintaan dan pendekatan biaya perjalanan digunakan untuk memperkirakan permintaan untuk pariwisata KRB dan nilai ekonominya. Permintaan pariwisata KRB dimodelkan dalam bentuk regresi linier berganda. Permintaan wisata atau frekuensi kunjungan seseorang ke KRB dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh biaya perjalanan dan usia pengunjung.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Transportasi Publik terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen
Authors: Yulita Henilia , Wijaya Brendi
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh kualitas pelayanan transportasi publik (P-Transqual) terhadap kepuasan konsumen penumpang Kereta Api Commuter Line. Obyek penelitian adalah kualitas pelayanan yang terdiri dari personil, kenyamanan, bukti fisik dan keandalan sebagai variabel independen, serta kepuasan konsumen sebagai varibel dependen. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pengguna kereta api Commuter Line, dengan sampel sejumlah 389 responden. Teknis analisis yang digunakan adalah uji instrumen, uji prasyarat, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan personil, kenyamanan, bukti fisik dan keandalan dari kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan konsumen KRL Commuter Line secara parsial maupun simultan. Kesimpulannya kepuasan konsumen Kereta api Commuter Line sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas pelayanan transportasi publik (P-Transqual). Diharapkan Pemerintah mengutamakan faktor kenyamanan sehingga para penumpang merasa aman ketika berada di Commuter Line dan petugas keamanan patut dipertahankan.
Pengaruh Thin Capitalization dan Konservatisme Akuntansi terhadap Tax Avoidance dengan Kepemilikan Institusional sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Jumailah Vinka
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji hubungan antara thin capitalization dan konservatisme akuntansi terhadap tax avoidance dengan kepemilikan institusional sebagai variable pemoderasi. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan consumer goods yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2014-2018. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Teknik pengujian data dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa thin capitalization berpengaruh positif terhadap tax avoidance, konservatisme tidak berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance, kepemilikan institusional dapat memperlemah pengaruh thin capitalization terhadap tax avoidance, dan kepemilikan institusional tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh konservatisme akuntansi terhadap tax avoidance.
PENGARUH HYDRAULIC LOADING RATE (HLR) TERHADAP PENGOLAHAN LEACHATE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODA MULTI SOIL LAYERING (MSL)
Authors: Kasman Monik , Herawati Peppy , Hasan Hadrah , Hikmah Hikmah
Published: March 2021

Leachate atau lindi sampah berpotensi untuk mencemari air pemukaan dan air tanah. Hal ini diakibatkan degradasi biologis leachate menghasilkan pencemar berbahaya seperti zat organik dan logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati efisiensi MSL dalam mereduksi pencemar yang terkandung dalam leachate. Pengamatan penelitian difokuskan pada pengaruh hydraulic loading rate (HLR) terhadap efisiensi reduksi pencemar, yang terdiri atas 250 l/m2 .hari, 500 l/m2 .hari dan 1000 l/m2 .hari. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengalirkan secara gravitasi leachate Tempat Pemprosesan Akhir (TPA) Talang Gulo ke reaktor MSL berdimensi 15x50x50 cm. Reaktor MSL terdiri atas lapisan impermeable dan lapisan permeabel. Lapisan impermeabel merupakan lapisan yang terdiri atas campuran tanah dan arang dengan rasio 2 : 1, serta lapisan permeabel terdiri atas lapisan zeolit berdiameter 0,25 – 0,5 cm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapat bahwa MSL dapat menetralkan pH dan mereduksi konsentrasi pencemar COD, amoniak, besi (Fe) dan warna. Efisiensi reduksi untuk semua pencemar berkisar 92% – 99,966%. Secara umum, HLR sangat mempengaruhi efisiensi reduksi, dimana makin rendah HLR maka makin rendah konsentrasi outlet serta makin tinggi efisiensi reduksi.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS LAYANAN INDIHOME MENGUNAKAN METODE SERVICE QUALITY, QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT DAN NET PROMOTERS SCORE DI PT TELKOM AKSES
Authors: Sulistyadi Kohar
Published: March 2021

Kualitas produk dan layanan merupakan salah satu kunci sukses dalam persaingan. adanya keterkaitan antara kualitas jasa, kepuasan konsumen, minat membeli dan reputasi di mata konsumen. PT Telkom Indonesia sebagai penyedia layanan tetap (voice dan broadband) dengan merek Indihome melalui anak perusahaan PT Telkom Akses. Layanan internet broadband ini mempunyai peran penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Indihome berusaha untuk meningkatkan Kualitas layanan, Untuk itu Indihome memanfaatkan digital network basis teknologi fiber optic, yang membentang dari ujung barat sampai timur Indonesia. Kepuasan pelanggan akan semakin dipenuhi dengan jaringan fiber optic yang mampu menyediakan layanan akses internet dengan kecepatan tinggi dengan koneksi yang lebih stabil dan handal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Service Quality dan Quality Function Deployment untuk mememberiakn parameter antara persepsi dan harapan pelanggan serta metode Net Promotor Score untuk memberikan informasi besarnya keinginan pelanggan dalam memakai kembali produk atau jasa yang ditawarkan dan merekomedasikan. Input yang digunakan untuk perhitungan metode Quality Function Deployment dan Net Promotor Score adalah output yang dihasilkan dari metode service quality yang akan menghasilkan atribut penting dari kinerja yang dilakukan dan masih dianggap kurang maksimal untuk menjadi prioritas perbaikan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tingkat kepuasan pelanggan terhadap pelayanan indihome kurang memuaskan, dimana dari 24 atribut ada 6 atribut yang kurang memuaskan bagi pelangan sementara 18 atribut lainya belum mencapai target yang diharapkan, selain itu pada penelitian ini didapatkan usulan perbaikan dari kontribusi karakteristik house of quality dan net promoters score dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan Indihome di PT Telkom Akses Jakarta Selatan.
A Rare Entity in Cushing’s Disease: Severe Hypokalemia and Metabolic Alkalosis
Authors: Turgut Seda , Ilhan Muzaffer , Soytas Rabia , Alay Murat , Kazancioglu Rumeyza
Published: March 2021

Introduction: This case report aimed to highlight the prominence of considering Cushing's disease in the differential diagnosis of severe hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis.

Case Report: A 63-year-old woman who admitted to the emergency room of Bezmialem Vakif University Hospital, Istanbul with fatigue and severe weakness of extremities. Biochemistry results indicated severe hypokalemia (potassium=1.2 mmol/L) and metabolic alkalosis (pH= 7.83) and based on further endocrinological investigations, the final diagnosis of Cushing’s disease was confirmed, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a macroadenoma in the right lobe of the pituitary. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed and Cushing’s disease was cured without any treatment.

Conclusions: Although hypokalemia can be present in Cushing’s disease, none of the previous studies have reported hypokalemia as severe as in this case.
Perspectives Concerning the Influence of Protein Intake for Renal Function in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Y Kato , Y Kato , H Bando
Published: March 2021

Regarding the diet treatment of diabetic nephropathy, protein restriction has been recommended. American Diabetes Association (ADA) proposed protein restriction guidelines in the 2008 edition. However, this comment was deleted in the 2013/2019 edition, because of insufficient evidence. A recent report showed that the intake of plant protein has a protective effect on the decrease of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the intake of animal protein has neither protection nor deterioration. There are controversies about the relationship between protein intake and the reduction of renal function. Further research will be expected for diabetic nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Teores de nutrientes na alface com aplicação de doses crescentes de nitrogênio em quatro cultivares
Authors: Palavicini Amanda Louise dos Santos , Vieira Tifany Becker , Mantovani Analu , Hachmann Mayla Cristina de Anhaya , Favaro Isabella , Ebertz Pamela Jaine , Mergener Rafael André , Zilio Marcio
Published: March 2021

A alface tem o nitrogênio como nutriente limitante para seu crescimento e desenvolvimento, o manejo adequado desse elemento resulta no aumento da produtividade, maior massa e maior teor de macro nutrientes e clorofila nas folhas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de nitrogênio sobre a concentração de nutrientes nas folhas de quatro cultivares de alface. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, as cultivares usadas foram: roxa, lisa, crespa e mimosa. O delineamento foi casualizado com cinco repetições, sendo cinco doses de nitrogênio: 0, 50, 100, 150 e 250 kg ha-1, aplicadas em forma de ureia. Antes da colheita foi avaliado o teor relativo de clorofila e depois da colheita a massa fresca, massa seca e teor de nutrientes. O nitrogênio teve interação com todos os parâmetros avaliados, sendo que a cultivar mimosa foi a mais responsiva e apresentou aumento no teor de nitrogênio com o aumento das doses aplicadas.
A Internet como ferramenta para qualidade na Pesquisa: UFMT/CUR
Authors: Fachim Farias Jorge Gustavo , Marilia Medeiros Nardes Antonia
Published: March 2021

O estudo tem como objetivo compreender a velocidade da internet fornecida na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Campus Universitário de Rondonópolis (CUR) é suficiente para o bom andamento das pesquisas científicas. A velocidade do link de internet disponibilizado à comunidade acadêmica foi explicada com base em uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica sobre os contratos vigentes, a velocidade de internet fornecida, o consumo de internet da instituição, bem como os padrões nacional e internacional da velocidade de acesso à internet para uma instituição de pesquisa e ensino. Por meio de uma investigação Cienciométrica nas bases de dados da Web of Science e Scopus, foram utilizados os termos conjugados “Rondonópolis” e “Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso”, delimitando-se ao período de 2004 a 2019. Desse modo, foi possível analisar o crescimento da produção científica, comparando se uma internet inferior aos padrões nacional e internacional reduziria as publicações de artigos nessas bases. A análise dos dados possibilitou responder ao seguinte questionamento: A atual conexão à internet é suficiente para suprir as demandas de pesquisa da UFMT/CUR? Assim, apesar da velocidade de internet entregue aos 5.000 alunos ser de 300 Mbps, juntamente com a soma de todos os contratos vigentes, verificamos que o padrão nacional de acesso à internet, de 1.000 Mbps, assim como o padrão internacional, de 5.000 Mbps, não foram atingidos. Entretanto, o consumo médio para todas as suas atividades administrativas e para o ensino e pesquisa não ultrapassou a velocidade de 150 Mbps, caracterizando que, por mais que a internet fornecida não seja considerada adequada, a velocidade de acesso atual supre as demandas da UFMT/CUR. Ademais, não houve queda na produção científica, antes, pelo contrário, quando comparado ao levantamento Cienciométrico, as publicações mantiveram crescimento exponencial, ano após ano.
Divergent Identities in Iran and the Appropriation of Trans Bodies
Authors: Hashemi C. Kate
Published: March 2021

While gender-based scholarship on the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) is largely centred on a woman’s right to unveil, those adopting an LGBT+ framework tend to focus on human rights violations against homosexual males. This paper provides a more inclusive study in its assessment of the state’s oxymoronic approach to trans persons in Iran and the use of gender affirming surgery to reposition its subjects in line with hegemonic notions of “healthy” sexualities. In this context, the Iranian woman, bound by a particular conception of Islamic femininity, and the Iranian man, embodied by the hyper-masculine martyr figure, are promoted as the only genderisms acceptable to the state. This binary of hetero-Muslim male/female excludes all other expressions of gender. Ignoring the country’s historic array of masculinities and sexualities, the IRI criminalises gender “passing” in its limited notion of gender performativity. Furthermore, it utilises gender affirming surgery as a tool for repositioning divergent identities and sexualities within the state-sanctioned paradigm. While the state appropriates trans bodies to promote the ideal gendered subject, the framework of gender performativity is also adopted by regime critics to promote cis-gendered female agency: popular culture employs “cross-dressing” to contest the policing of heteronormative bodies and sexualities. Undoubtedly such methods are complicit in the continuation of discriminatory practices against trans persons in Iran.
In and/or/plus Out: Queering the Closet
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed
Published: March 2021

By enacting a reflexive return to our initial encounters with the ambiguous and multivalenced potential offered by queerness, I locate and piece together the traces of an always already lost/forcibly disappeared network that is constantly unfolding nonetheless. Taken together, these individual/ized encounters form structures of queer knowing, moving, and feeling that counter this individualization, which I argue is an integral part of the repertoire of techniques designed to foreclose the potential of a queer collective. It is with this in mind that I posit what I call authoritarian heterosexuality as a particular and particularly potent political regime, one that is entangled in colonial legacies and local sedimentations that inform the contemporary Egyptian state’s attitudes towards queers specifically, and towards its citizenry more broadly. And by using this affective material as my entry point into an analysis of what queer might really mean here, I am able to reveal the traces of this violating constitution. Put differently, by engaging in a structural analysis of diverse articulations and experiences of queerness, I am simultaneously engaging in an analysis of the ways in which authoritarian regimes, in their efforts to eradicate queerness, end up producing it along lines that are perhaps illegible when read with the optic of traditional queer theory. To this end, I will be foregrounding my analysis in “the closet” as both a material artifact and disciplinary technology of this heterosexist regime that works to impress a damaging sense of individualism in subjects, as well as a site of potential for queers to collectivize, once the inconsistencies and similarities between such designations as “in” and “out,” “private” and “public,” and “individual” and “collective” are parsed out.
Queer Spatial Recognition in Kuwait
Authors: Almazidi Nour
Published: March 2021

In this research, I am concerned with giving an account of queer spaces that are formed through social relations and have fostered a form of “spatial recognition” and inhabitation. Rather than positioning these spaces as resistant, I want to situate them through an analysis that takes into account the political economy of Kuwait and the classed apparatus of citizenship that structures mechanisms of social control and informs social dynamics between citizens and non-citizens. Through giving this account, my aim is to think about recognition beyond legal frameworks that are attached to notions of visibility and “coming out.”
“No TERFs On Our TURF:” Building Alliances Through Fractions on Social Media in İstanbul
Authors: Özlen Lara
Published: March 2021

I draw on public articulations of trans subjectivities in contemporary Turkey, İstanbul, in order to identify key points of contestations between myriad gender and sexuality-related activisms, notably the cis-feminism/trans-feminism dichotomy. I question the claim of “western import” upheld by transphobic and trans-exclusionary discourses in Turkey. I argue that questions related to trans inclusivity and/or transphobia in contemporary Turkey are reflective of unresolved tensions between LGBTI+ activists and cis-feminists that can be traced back to as early as the 1990s. By doing so, I hope to provide a better understanding of the continuity of the debate rather than its presumed contemporary emergence. Ultimately, the aim of my analysis is to provide recommendations while focusing on building alliances through the many fractions involved between trans, queer, and feminist activisms in İstanbul, Turkey.
The Lost Promise of Disability Rights
Authors: Raj Claire
Published: March 2021

Children with disabilities are among the most vulnerable students in public schools. They are the most likely to be bullied, harassed, restrained, or segregated. For these and other reasons, they also have the poorest academic outcomes. Overcoming these challenges requires full use of the laws enacted to protect these students’ affirmative right to equal access and an environment free from discrimination. Yet, courts routinely deny their access to two such laws—the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (section 504).

Courts too often overlook the affirmative obligations contained in these two disability rights laws and instead assume that students with disabilities’ only legal recourse is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Regrettably the IDEA is not capable of remedying all the harms students endure. In fact, the IDEA, by its terms, extends to only a subset of students with disabilities. Even so, courts force all students to exhaust the IDEA’s administrative procedures before invoking remedies under the other two disability rights laws. By narrowly construing antidiscrimination principles and ignoring the affirmative obligations contained in disability rights laws, courts unduly restrict students’ protections under these laws.

This Article solves that problem by explaining and clarifying the nuance that drives confusion in this area: the difference between the IDEA’s guarantee of a free appropriate public education and the ADA and section 504’s guarantee of equal access to public education. With that distinction clear, this Article disaggregates the types of claims that are most often erroneously obstructed by the IDEA’s exhaustion clause and then creates a framework that would allow courts to analyze and correctly apply the exhaustion clause. In doing so, it hopes to remove these laws from the IDEA’s shadow and renew their promise of equal access to educational opportunity.
QAZAX, QARABAĞ, GƏNCƏ DİALEKTLƏRİNİN OXŞAR VƏ FƏRQLİ XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ (Tezislər)
Authors:   ADPU- nun Ağcabədi filialı, Mürşüd qızıMikayılova Fəridə
Published: March 2021

Key words: oral speech, dialect, historical and geographical
MONOLOJİ NİTQİN LİNQVO-PSİXOLOJİ XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ
Authors:   Azərbaycan Tibb Universiteti, Bayram qızı Məmmədova Zərifə , İsmayıl qızı Avilova Zərifə ,   Azərbaycan Tibb Universiteti
Published: March 2021

Key words: text, speech, monologue, speech, lecture, psychological aspect
ҚАЗАҚ ӘДЕБИЕТІНДЕГІ ӘДЕБИЕТ ТЕОРИЯСЫНЫҢ КЕЙБІР МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ
Authors:   Қожа Ахмет Ясауи атындағы Халықаралық қазақ-түрік университеті Түркология ғылыми-зерттеу институты, Жұмабайқызы Есбалаева Роза
Published: March 2021

Кілт сөздер: тарихи роман, сюжет, идея, поэтика, әдебиет теориясының мәселелері Key words: historical novel, plot, idea, poetry, literature theory issues Ключевые слова: исторический роман, сюжет, идея, поэзия, проблемы теории литературы. Әдебиет майданына ғасырдың елуінші жылдары араласып, сын саласын өркендетуге сүбелі үлес қосқан, әсіресе қазақ романының қалыптасу, даму жолдарын зерттеуде соны серпін танытқан, қазақ фольклорына жаңаша көзқараспен қараудың тың үлгісін көрсеткен іргелі ғалым әдебиетшілік өнерді қоғам ісіне белсене араласумен, көп адам тілінің ұшында тұрса да айта алмайтын ұлтқа, оның өсіп-өркендеуіне қатысты зәру мәселелерді қалам ұшына алумен тығыз ұштастыра білген ғалымдар қатарында Р.Бердібай есімі ерекше аталады. Ғалымның бұл бағытта жүргізіп келе жатқан еңбегін «Р. Бердібай феномені» десек жарасады. Өйткені күреске толы саналы ғұмырында мыңнан астам мақала, отыздан астам кітап жазған ғалым шығармаларының басым көпшілігі ұлт мүддесі мен әдебиеттанудың іргелі мәселелеріне арналады.
MÜSTƏQİL AZƏRBAYCANDA KORRUPSİYAYA QARŞI MÜBARİZƏ SAHƏSİNDƏ ATILAN ADDIMLAR
Authors:   Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezidenti yanında  Dövlət İdarəçilik Akademiyası, Azər oğlu Qazıyev Kənan
Published: March 2021

Açar sözlər: Azərbaycan Respublikası, Korrupsiya, Şəffaflıq, İslahat, Dövlət idarəçiliyi, Asan Xidmət Keywords: Republic of Azerbaijan, Corruption, Transparency, Reform, Public Administration, Easy Service Ключевые слова: Азербайджанская Республика, коррупция, реформа, государственное управление, простое обслуживание Adı əsasən bürokratik aparat və siyasi elita ilə bağlı işlənən korrupsiya termininin mənasını qısa şəkildə demokratiyadakı bütün fərdlərin hüquq qarşısında bərabərliyi prinsipini ortadan qaldıran, imkanları bərabər şəkildə əldə etmək prinsipini zədələyən kimi izah etmək yerinə düşərdi [1]. Bunlarla yanaşı, korrupsiya qanunun aliliyinə qarşı duyulan hörmətə də böyük zərər verir, siyasi nüfuz xalqın dəstəyindən məhrum qalır, iqtidar ilə xalq arasında uçurum yaranır. Dövlət idarəetməsi sahəsində həyata keçirilən siyasətin əsas məqsədi səmərəli və demokratik idarəçiliyin, dövlət orqanlarının fəaliyyətində şəffaflığın, operativliyin, çevikliyin və nəticə etibarilə ölkə vətəndaşlarının rifah və məmnunluq səviyyəsinin təmin olunmasıdır. İslahatların gündəmində səmərəli, şəffaf idarəetmə mexanizmin yaradılması ilə yanaşı, dövlət qulluğuna ictimai etimadın artırılması, korrupsiyaya qarşı sə­mərəli mübarizə sisteminin, vətənpərvər, peşəkar və intellektual dövlət qulluqçuları korpusunun forma­laşdırılması kimi mühüm məsələlər də öz yerini tapır.
AZƏRBAYCANDA ƏLVERİŞLİ İNVESTİSİYA MÜHİTİNİN FORMALAŞDIRILMASI İSTİQAMƏTLƏRİ
Authors:   Azərbaycan Respublikasının Prezidenti yanında Dövlət İdarəçilik Akademiyası, Qüdrət qızıTeymurlu Zəhra
Published: March 2021

Açar sözlər: investisiya, iqtisadiyyat, iqtisadi artım, inkişaf Key words: investment, economy, economic growth, development Ключевые слова: инвестиции, экономика, экономический рост, развитие Giriş Müasir dövrdə hər bir ölkənin inkişafında investisiyaların rolu xüsusi əhəmiyyət kəsb edir. İnvestisiyalar təhlükəsiz iqtisadi artımı və ölkə iqtisadiyyatında rəqabət qabiliyyətini təmin edir, əhalinin həyat səviyyəsinin yüksəldilməsinə zəmin yaradır. İnvestisiyaların artımını təmin etmək üçün bazar infrastrukturunun genişləndirilməsi və təkmilləşdirilməsi, iqtisadi artımı təmin etmək üçün isə investisiyaların iqtisadiyyatın prioritet sahələrinə yönəldilməsi, iqtisadiyyatın quruluşunda elm tutumlu sahələrin payının artırılması zəruri hesab olunur [3].
BİZNESİN STRATEJİ İDARƏ EDİLMƏSİNDƏ İNNOVASİYA LAYİHƏLƏRİNİN İQTİSADİ SƏMƏRƏLİLİYİNİN ARTIRILMASININ ƏHƏMİYYƏTİ
Authors:   Azərbaycan Respublikasının Prezidenti yanında Dövlət İdarəçilik Akademiyası, Fərhad oğlu Osmanov Elçin
Published: March 2021

Açar sözlər: innovasiya, biznes, sahibkarlıq, idarəetmə Key words: innovation, business, entrepreneurship, management Ключевые слова: инновации, бизнес, предпринимательство, менеджмент Giriş Müasir biznes sahəsində elmi və texniki nailiyyətlərin savadlı və düzgün tətbiqini nəzərdə tutan innovasiya sistemi sürətlə inkişaf edir. Bu inkişafda biznes inkubatorlar da mühüm rol oynayırlar. Belə ki, biznesinkubatorların əsas vəzifəsi maraqlı biznes ideyanı aşkara çıxarmaq və onun biznes layihəsinə çevrilməsinə kömək etmək, məhsul istehsalına yardım göstərmək və bazara çıxışı təmin etməkdən ibarətdir. Bütün bu vəzifələrin yerinə yetirilməsinə, xüsusilə məhsulun bazara çıxışına yardım göstərmək kifayət qədər mürəkkəb məsələdir. Buna nəinki, ölkə daxilində, eləcə də beynəlxalq aləmdə düzgün biznes siyasəti aparmaqla, biznes infrastrukturunun işlək mexanizmlərini hərəkətə gətirməklə nail olmaq mümkündür. Bu funksiya getdikcə daha vacib əhəmiyyət kəsb edir, çünki vaxt keçdikcə yeni müəssisənin bazara çıxışı tədricən artmaqda olan rəqabət üzündən mürəkkəb xarakter almaqdadır. Biznesin inkubasiyası uzunmüddətli dövrə hesablanmış sahibkarlığa köməyin infrastruktur mexanizmlərindən biri sayılır.
О ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТНОМ ПОДХОДЕ К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО БИЛИНГВИЗМА
Authors:   Азербайджанский государственный университет нефти и промышленности, Шубай кызы Кулизаде Севиндж
Published: March 2021

Ключевые слова: билингвизм, лингвистика, социология, интерференция, транспозиция, формирование искусственного билингвизма, доминирующее положение, продуцируемый, эксплицитное положение Açar sözlər: ikidilli, dilçi, sosioloqiya, müdaxilə, köçürmə, süni bilinqvizmin formalaşması, dominant mövgə, istehsal olunur, açıq ifadə Key words: bilingualism, linguistics, sociology, interference transposition, the formation artificial bilingualism, dominant position, produced, explicit, expression Двуязычие – одна из важнейших проблем, поставленных общественным развитием пред науками, исследующими языковую коммуникацию. Её решение, как уже отмечалось в литературе, предполагает использование различных подходов: лингвистического, социологического, психологического, педагогического и др. (1, с.193). Конкретным практическим результатом исследований в этой области должна быть разработка методов формирования искусственного билингвизма. Наиболее плодотворным представляется деятельностный подход к проблеме формирования двуязычия. При таком подходе умения и навыки, развиваемые на отдельных этапах обучения родному и чужому языку, рассматриваются как взаимосвязанные части единой системы, что позволяет учитывать «возможность возникновения новых видов деятельности, умирание одних действий и операций и рождение других» (2, с. 13), а также выделять универсальные умения, необходимые билингву в процессе пользования двумя языковыми системами. Практика показывает, что в процессе формирования искусственного билингвизма исключительно важное значение приобретают, в частности, умения осуществлять в сжатые сроки смысловой анализ структуры текста (в процессе рецептивных видов речевой деятельности) умения логически строить высказывания (в процессе репродуцирования и продуцирования). Недостаточно сформированные в средней школе или на начальном этапе обучения в вузе, эти умения значительно труднее развиваются при пользовании двумя языковыми системами.
ELMİ ÜSLUB VƏ TERMİNLƏR PROBLEMİ
Authors:   Azərbaycan Tibb Universiteti, İsmayıl qızı Avilova Zərifə , Bayram qızı Məmmədova Zərifə ,   Azərbaycan Tibb Universiteti
Published: March 2021

Key words: style, scientific style, style features, scientific terms, terms
Venture Capital Reinvented: Markt, Recht, Steuern – 7. Tagung zu Private Equity – Tagungsband 2020
Authors: Frey Martin , Gericke Dieter , Heuberger Reto , Marti Margrit , Morscher Lukas , Oehri Daniel , Schieber Julia , Staub Lukas , Triebold Oliver , Wenger Christian
Published: March 2021

Lange galt Venture Capital als „kleine“ Form des PE-Investments. „Unicorns“, auch in der Schweiz, technologische Entwicklungen sowie der globale Wettbewerb setzten Venture Capital und die Förderung von Unternehmertum wieder mit Wucht auf die Agenden von Wirtschaft und Politik. Die Themen und Instrumente haben sich erneuert und gewandelt. Diese Neuerungen standen im Fokus der Referate anlässlich der 7. Tagung des Europa Institut an der Universität Zürich, welche in diesem Band schriftlich und mit wissenschaftlicher Akribie aufgearbeitet sind. Zu den Themen gehören Investitionsformen wie Tokens oder „KISS“-Loans, Technologietransfer von Universitäten, Wachstum und Insolvenzgefahr, Corporate Governance Fragen wie auch neuste steuerliche Entwicklungen bei Incentive-Strukturen. Die durch die Covid 19-Misere noch geschärfte Aktualität dieser Beiträge macht die Lektüre zum Muss und Genuss.
RASIONALITAS PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI RAWAT INAP DI RS DAERAH Dr. A. DADI TJOKRODIPO BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors:   Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tulang Bawang Lampung, Yusuf Mashuri , Widodo Subur ,   Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tulang Bawang Lampung, Pitaloka Diah ,   Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tulang Bawang Lampung
Published: March 2021

Abstract Hypertension is one of non contagious diseases marked by the increase of systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg. Hypertension becomes the main risk factor of other cardiovascular diseases. The number of hypertension occurance with or without companion increases every year. The purpose of this research is to know the rationality of anti - hypertension medicine usage on hypertension inpatients at RSUD of Dr. A. Dadi Tjokrodipo Bandar Lampung year of 2019 based on precise patient, precise indication, precise medicine, and precise dosage using reference standard of Guidelines JNCVIII. This research was a descriptive research with data collection of medical record retrospectively. The technique of sample selection used purposive sampling technique. The research results obtained from 82 samples based on the patients’ characteristics of genders such as 50 female patients (60,98%) and 42 male patients (39,02%). The patients’ characteristics based on age obtain mostly the patients are at age of 46-55 years old in the amount of 39 patients (47,6%). The patients’ characteristics based on the pattern of medicine usage obtain the most anti-hypertension used is amlodipin CCB class in the amount of 54 patients (45%). Rationality evaluation of anti-hypertension medicine usage obtains precise patient in the amount of 81 patients (99,8%), precise indication in the amount of 82 patients (100%), precise medicine in the amount of 61 patients (74,4%), and precise dosage in the amount of 82 patients (100%). The conclusion of this research is the usage of hypertension on the hypertension inpatients at Public Hospital of Dr. A. Dadi Tjokrodipo Bandar Lampung is already rational. Keywords: Anti-hypertension, Hypertension, Rationality of Medicine Usage
EVALUATION OF THE USE OF ANTIMALARIA MEDICINES IN HANURA HEALTH CENTRE PESAWARAN DISTRICT PERIOD JANUARY-DECEMBER IN 2018
Authors:   Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tulang Bawang Lampung, Rokiban Akhmad , Triyandi Ramadhan ,   Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tulang Bawang Lampung, Sari Karnila ,   Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tulang Bawang Lampung
Published: March 2021

Abstract Malaria is a public health problem in Indonesia, especially those living in isolated areas. This is published in Presidential Regulation No. 5/2010 concerning the National Medium Term Development Plan for malaria endemic areas, which are divided into high, medium and low endemic areas. High endemic if the API is greater than 50 out of 1,000 population in the provinces of Maluku, Papua, North Sumatra and East Nusa Tenggara. Moderate endemic if the API is 1 to less than 50 dari 1,000 population in the provinces of Aceh, Bangka Belitung, Jambi and West Nusa Tenggara. Low endemic if the API is 0-1 per 1,000 population in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and parts of Java. This study aims to determine the evaluation of the use of antimalarial drugs with the characteristics of age, sex, and type of malaria plasmodium at the Hanura Public Health Centre based on the criteria of the right indication, the right drug, the right dose, the right interval of drug administration (4T). This research is a descriptive research with purposive sampling method. Collection of prescription data and medical records in January-December 2018. The results showed that in cases of Malaria based on age, the most common cases occurred in the age range of 56-65 years, amounting to 99.6%, based on sex experienced in men by 77.41%, based on body weight the most occurred at 41-59 kg at 45.16%, based on the type of plasmodium experienced plasmodium vivax mostly at 84.95%. Based on these data, it was concluded that the evaluation of the use of antimalarial drugs based on 4T criteria was 100% accurate indication, 100% correct drug, 72.04% correct dose, 98.92% correct interval of drug administration. Keywords: Malaria vivax, treatment, Puskesmas, 4T
ANALISIS KADAR NITRIT PADA SOSIS SAPI KEMASAN YANG BEREDAR DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Authors:   Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tulang Bawang Lampung, Samsuar Samsuar , Rokiban Akhmad ,   Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tulang Bawang Lampung
Published: March 2021

Abstract The use of nitrite as a preservative and provider of the stable red color, aroma as well as taste for the meat is allowed within processed meat products, such as beef sausage. However, it should be noted that its use does not exceed the maximum permitted limit so as not to negatively impact human health. Excess nitrite in the human body can cause acute poisoning, namely methemoglobinemia and chronic poisoning as a result of the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamine derivatives. This research aims to determine whether the levels of nitrite contained in the packaged beef sausage distributed in the traditional market of Bandar Lampung is in accordance with the regulations of The Indonesia Food and Drug Authority or Indonesia FDA No. 36 of 2013 which is not more than 30 mg/kg. The analysis of nitrite levels in the sample was carried out using with UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method based on diazotation reaction between nitric acid and sulfanilamide forming diazonium salts. The products were then reacted again with naphthyl ethylenediamine to form a purplish red compound whose absorbance was measured at a wavelength 0f 543,8 nm. From the results of the analytical methods validation, it was obtained that the value of the correlation coefficient was 0,9997, the coefficient of determination 0,9994, the coefficient of variation 1,2121%, the range of percent recovery between 98,630-101,240%, and the detection and the quantitation limit respectively at 0,0187 ppm and 0,0623 ppm. This indicates that all test parameters meet the requirements for their use. The result of determining the average levels of nitrite in the samples show that there were two samples that had levels exceeding the maximum allowed limit, i.e sampel C=40,407 mg/kg and sample D=33,181mg/kg while sample A=18,963 mg/kg, sample B=9,427 mg/kg, sample E=9,423 mg/kg and sample F=8,689 mg/kg did not exceed the maximum allowed limit. Keywords: Beef Sausage, Nitrite, UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, Method AnalysisValidation