bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Bright Two‐Photon Lipid Droplets Probe with Viscosity‐Enhanced Solvatochromic Emission for Visualizing Lipid Metabolic Disorders in Deep Tissues
Authors: Zheng Zheng , Yang Yuchen , Wang Pingping , Gou Xuexin , Gong Junyi , Wu Xiaoqian , Bao Zhiwei , Liu Lijie , Zhang Jing , Zou Hang , Zheng Lei , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: May 2023

The polarity of lipid droplets (LDs) plays an important role in pathological processes associated with abnormal lipid metabolism. Monitoring the variation of LDs polarity in cells and tissues is of great importance in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. However, developing fluorescent LDs‐specific probes with high polarity sensitivity, brightness, and permeability for deep tissue imaging is still challenging. Herein, a push–pull fluorescent luminogen (DPBT) with aggregation‐induced emission, strong solvatochromism, large Stokes shift, high solid‐state fluorescence efficiency and superior two‐photon absorption is facilely developed. The lipophilic DPBT can specifically stain LDs with high biocompatibility and good photostability. The viscosity‐enhanced solvatochromic emission property enables DPBT to visualize LDs polarity with high brightness and imaging contrast, and deep penetration depth under two‐photon microscopy. DPBT can specifically stain lipids in various mouse tissues (atherosclerotic plaque, liver, and mesenteric adipose tissues) and map their polarity distribution to reflect lipid metabolic states within those tissues. It is found that the lipids deposition as well as their polarity distribution in tissues of hyperlipoidemia mouse are clearly different from the tissues of the normal mouse. Its excellent properties make DPBT a promising candidate for investigating LDs‐associated physiological and pathological processes in live biological samples.
4D Printing for Vascular Tissue Engineering: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Zeenat Lubna , Zolfagharian Ali , Sriya Yeleswarapu , Sasikumar Shyama , Bodaghi Mahdi , Pati Falguni
Published: May 2023

The hierarchical network of blood vessels comprises the larger vessels (veins and arteries), the smaller ones (venules and arterioles), and the thinnest capillaries. The proper functioning of most tissues in the body relies on vascularization, which is meant for the diffusion of gases, nutrients, and harmful waste. However, it is known that cell survival is compromised as the diffusion of oxygen is limited beyond 100–200 µm and damage can occur at any level of the complex system of the vascular network, as is the case in cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurovascular diseases that recur and progress with age. These may prove fatal, hence the need for vascular tissue engineering (VTE) arises. VTE mainly focuses on the fabrication of vascular constructs using natural, synthetic material, or a combination of both using various techniques. The construct is expected to integrate and anastomose with the host vasculature. 4D bioprinting is an emerging field that allows the fabrication of hollow tubes employing different materials that respond to different stimuli. This review is a comprehensive summary of the major techniques employed in VTE and the recent technique of 4D bioprinting foreseen to revolutionize the field.
Colloidal Assemblies of Chiral Plasmonic Nanoparticles Induce Tunable Circular Dichroism Response
Authors: Carone Antonio , Mariani Pablo , Désert Anthony , Parola Stephane
Published: May 2023

Plasmonic nanoparticles with strong chiral optical activity are promising systems for a wide range of applications. Self‐assembly of achiral metallic nanoparticles thanks to chiral molecules or templates is a well‐known strategy to prepare chiral plasmonic nanomaterials. In this work, the assembly of chiral plasmonic particles without using a chiral templating agent is investigated. For that purpose, previously developed chiral core‐shell Au@Ag and Au@Au particles are assembled in a controlled way by lowering the surfactant concentration in solution. The assembly leads to pseudo‐linear structures that are revealed by electron microscopy, and the plasmonic responses are characterized by circular dichroism (CD) and UV‐Vis‐NIR spectroscopies. The chiral optical response strongly depends on the system and assembly conditions. For Au@Ag, the CD signal is tuned with contributions appearing in the red region of the spectrum, while for Au@Au, the CD response is unexpectedly lost. The origin of this difference remains undetermined, it is hypothesized that the coupling of circular dichroism modes or the generation of chiral superstructures may influence the chiroptical properties. These experimental results highlight the non‐obvious and complex nature of the chirality generation mechanisms in such plasmonic systems.
Electromagnetic Metasurface with Object Information and Position Illusion in Radar Vision at Microwave Frequencies
Authors: Sun Yingjian , Wang Chun , Yuan Honglin , Sun Weibin , Yuan Xujin , Jin Ming , Wang Qian , Chen Mingji
Published: May 2023

Camouflage skills are important for understanding the relationship between predators and prey in ecological systems. Mimicry is a common strategy used by creatures to alter their appearance in order to blend in with their surroundings and avoid detection. This paper unveils a previously unknown camouflage strategy that creates false object information and positions of an object in the visual range of radar sensor vision. A dispersion‐modulated illusionary metasurface to realize focal spot coding in a 3‐dimensional space to fit the radar imaging process is proposed. As the radar image indicates, an aircraft image is created by a flat metasurface plane with good polarization adaptation ability. Design, simulation, and experimental results validate the study. This camouflage strategy indicates the complexity of the food chain and can be used by both predators and prey, providing accessible insights for maintaining biological diversity. The metasurface‐based system can be potentially utilized in future radar markers for marine traffic control systems.
High‐Efficiency Dual‐Band Metasurface with Independent Multifold Geometric Phases
Authors: Faraz Faizan , Huang Yuanqing , Liu Haoyang , Abbasi Taufeeq Ur Rehman , Wang Xiong , Si Liming , Zhu Weiren
Published: May 2023

The concept of geometric phase has attracted enormous interest in the metasurface community for achieving phase variation with simple geometrical rotation. Here, this work demonstrates for the first time a highly efficient dual‐band metasurface with independent phase responses for structures with different‐fold rotational symmetries. For proof of concept, a hybrid unit cell structure with nested resonators of different‐fold (single‐fold and threefold) is proposed, where geometric rotation independent phase shifts of two times and six times the rotation angle are achieved in lower and higher bands, respectively. By rotating the resonators within the unit cell, highly efficient independent full phase controls can be achieved with circularly polarized incident waves. The co‐polarized reflection efficiency exceeds 90% at the frequency domain from 10.95 to 11.75 GHz (corresponding to the inner resonator) and exceeds 80% between 14.10 and 14.43 GHz (corresponding to the outer resonator), with peak values of 94.7% at 11.55 GHz and 85.5% at 14.23 GHz, respectively. To validate the versatility of the design paradigm, a metasurface porotype is fabricated and experimentally tested by generating independent holographic images.
Nanostructure‐Derived Antireflectivity in Leafhopper Brochosomes
Authors: Banerjee Progna , Burks Gabriel R. , Bialik Sarah B. , Nassr Mostafa , Bello Elizabeth , Alleyne Marianne , Freeman Benny D. , Barrick Jeffrey E. , Schroeder Charles M. , Milliron Delia J.
Published: May 2023

Understanding how insect‐derived biomaterials interact with light has led to new advances and interdisciplinary insights in entomology and physics. Leafhoppers are insects that coat themselves with highly ordered biological nanostructures known as brochosomes. Brochosomes are thought to provide a range of protective properties to leafhoppers, such as hydrophobicity and antireflectivity, which has inspired the development of synthetic brochosomes that mimic their structures. Despite recent progress, the high antireflective properties of brochosome structures are not fully understood. Herein, a combination of experiments and computational modeling is used to understand the structure‐, material‐, and polarization‐dependent optical properties of brochosomes modeled on the geometries found in three leafhopper species. The results qualitatively represent that light interference interaction with nanostructures naturally occurring in brochosomes is responsible for the spectral tuning and the asymmetric line shape of the reflectance spectra. Whereas prior work has focused on the computational modeling of idealized pitted particles, this work shows that light–matter interactions with brochosome structures can be tuned by varying the geometry of their cage‐like nanoscale features and by changing the arrangement of multiparticle assemblies. Broadly, this work establishes principles for the guided design of new optically active materials inspired by these unique insect nanostructures.
Ordered Heterostructured Aerogel with Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Based on Mesoscopic Magnetic Superposition Enhancement
Authors: Jiang Haojie , Cai Lei , Pan Fei , Shi Yuyang , Cheng Jie , Yang Yang , Shi Zhong , Chai Xiaoli , Wu Hongjing , Lu Wei
Published: May 2023

Demand for lightweight and efficient electromagnetic wave (EW) absorbers continues to increase with technological advances in highly integrated electronics and military applications. Although MXene‐based EW absorbers have been extensively developed, more efficient electromagnetic coupling and thinner thickness are still essential. Recently, ordered heterogeneous materials have emerged as a novel design concept to address the bottleneck faced by current material development. Herein, an ordered heterostructured engineering to assemble Ti3CNTx MXenes/Aramid nanofibers/FeCo@SiO2 nanobundles (FS) aerogel (AMFS‐O) is proposed, where the commonly disordered magnetic composition is transformed to ordered FS arrays that provide more powerful magnetic loss capacity. Experiments and simulations reveal that the anisotropy magnetic networks enhance the response to the magnetic field vector of EW, which effectively improves the impedance matching and makes the reflection loss (RL) peaks shift to lower frequencies, leading to the thinner matching thickness. Furthermore, the temperature stability and excellent compressibility of AMFS‐O expand functionalized applications. The synthesized AMFS‐O achieves full‐wave absorption in X and Ku‐band (8.2–18.0 GHz) at 3.0 mm with a RLmin of −41 dB and a low density of 0.008 g cm−3. These results suggest that ordered heterostructured engineering is an effective strategy for designing high‐performance multifunctional EW absorbers.
All Direct Ink Writing of 3D Compliant Carbon Thermoelectric Generators for High‐Energy Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Hwang Seongkwon , Jang Doojoon , Lee Byeongmoon , Ryu Yong‐Sang , Kwak Jeonghun , Kim Heesuk , Chung Seungjun
Published: May 2023

Compliant thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can fully exploit their energy conversion efficiency by establishing conformal interfaces on arbitrarily shaped 3D heat sources. Although additive manufacturing processes allow scalable fabrication with flexibility and customizability, most printable TEGs are fabricated as planar‐type devices that harvest heat only in the in‐plane direction. Herein, 3D‐compliant TEGs fabricated solely using direct ink writing, which enables thermal‐transfer optimization for efficient through‐plane heat‐to‐electricity conversion owing to the out‐of‐plane printing of viscoelastic thermoelectric (TE) inks and unique device design is proposed. The rheological properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) TE inks are engineered to ensure conformal printing along directly written vertical thermal insulators. The ink TE properties are enhanced by the fine‐tuned incorporation of p‐ and n‐type dopants, where the electrical conductivity is further facilitated by nozzle‐induced CNT packing to achieve high‐power factors. To minimize the parasitic thermal loss from heat sources, an ultra‐thin bottom substrate is directly printed with polydimethylsiloxane, thereby realizing compliant 3D TEGs for heat harvesting in the out‐of‐plane direction. The TEG exhibits the highest normalized open‐circuit voltage (0.28 mV K−1 cm−2) among the additively manufactured TEGs and retains remarkable mechanical reliability against repetitive deformation, promising its potential as body heat harvesters or temperature sensors.
Confining organic cations in metal organic framework allows molecular level regulation of CO2 capture
Authors: Wang TingTing , Meng Biao , Zhou Yang , Wang Yuan , Wang Lei , Ding Lifeng , Zhou Yu , Wang Jun
Published: May 2023

High tunability of both ionic liquids (ILs) and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) enables great opportunity in the rational designation of IL/MOF composites for physical adsorption and separation. Traditionally, cations and anions of ILs as an entirety are combined with MOFs either inside or outside the microchannels. Herein, organic cations of ILs were confined into Cu‐BTC and the champion adsorbent is obtained by using 1‐propionic acid‐3‐vinylimidazole bromide as the precursor with a moderate loading amount, exhibiting higher CO2 uptakes of 8/5 mmol g−1 than Cu‐BTC (6.0/3.5 mmol g−1) at 273/298 K and 100 kPa, associating with significantly improved CO2/N2(CH4) selectivities. The organic cations are interacted with two adjacent CuII2(CRO2)2 paddle wheel units of Cu‐BTC, expanding the CuO bond to strengthen the CO2 affinity of open Cu sites and also serving as an additive CO2 adsorptive site. The promotion of CO2 capture ability is further reflected in the dynamic column breakthrough experiment.
Allergen exposure boosts peripheral Th9 responses in patients with local allergic rhinitis
Authors: Palomares Francisca , Testera‐Montes Almudena , Aranda Carlos Jose , Alba‐Linero Carmen , Sáenz de Santa María‐García Rocío , Bentabol‐Ramos Guillermo , Mayorga Cristobalina , Torres Maria Jose , Rondon Carmen , Eguiluz‐Gracia Ibon
Published: May 2023

Key points

Intranasal allergen exposure increases peripheral total Th2 and Th9 cells in patients with local allergic rhinitis (LAR).

Peripheral T‐cell response seems dominated by Th9 cells in patients with LAR, whereas Th2 responses prevail in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Our results identify Th9 cells as potential therapeutic targets for patients with LAR.
Calcium sensor Yellow Cameleon 3.6 as a tool to support the calcium hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Miller Morgan R. , Lee Yee Fun , Kastanenka Ksenia V.
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with increasing relevance as dementia cases rise. The etiology of AD is widely debated. The Calcium Hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and brain aging states that the dysfunction of calcium signaling is the final common pathway leading to neurodegeneration. When the Calcium Hypothesis was originally coined, the technology did not exist to test it, but with the advent of Yellow Cameleon 3.6 (YC3.6) we are able to test its validity.

METHODS

Here we review use of YC3.6 in studying Alzheimer's disease using mouse models and discuss whether these studies support or refute the Calcium Hypothesis.

RESULTS

YC3.6 studies showed that amyloidosis preceded dysfunction in neuronal calcium signaling and changes in synapse structure. This evidence supports the Calcium Hypothesis.

DISCUSSION

In vivo YC3.6 studies point to calcium signaling as a promising therapeutic target; however, additional work is necessary to translate these findings to humans.
Overcoming Size Effects in Ferroelectric Thin Films
Authors: Park Sung Hyuk , Kim Jae Young , Song Jae Yong , Jang Ho Won
Published: May 2023

Ferroelectric thin films have recently received unprecedented attention due to the need to miniaturize electronic circuit devices. Synthesis and deposition processes along with theoretical calculations are improved remarkably to realize stable ferroelectric thin films up to nanometer thickness. However, even with technological advances, it is still difficult to overcome the size effect of ferroelectrics, so research is being conducted to achieve stable ferroelectricity in unit‐cell thicknesses thinner than the typical critical thicknesses. In this review, the size effects in ferroelectric thin films are described, and their importance and fundamental limitations are discussed. First, intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting ferroelectricity are introduced based on the theoretical background of the size effects in ferroelectricity. Then, on understanding the size effects by considering complex interacting factors, the recent works showing ferroelectricity below the commonly known critical thicknesses in perovskite, fluorite oxides, and two‐dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics are introduced. Finally, the results of research efforts in scaling ferroelectric thin films with a future perspective are summarized.
Candidate odorant‐binding protein and chemosensory protein genes in the turnip aphidLipaphis erysimi
Authors: Kuang Yinhui , Shangguan Chaozhi , Yuan Sichen , Zhang Qiaoqin , Qiu Ziying , Gao Liwei , Yu Xiudao
Published: May 2023

The turnip aphid,Lipaphis erysimiKaltenbach, inflicts heavy damage on cruciferous crops worldwide. In these insects, olfactory perception is crucial for mating, host location, and oviposition. Both odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are responsible for the delivery of host odorants and pheromones during initial molecular interactions. In this study, antennal and body transcriptomes ofL. erysimiwere generated through the deep sequencing of RNA libraries. A dataset of 11LeryOBPand fourLeryCSPtranscripts was identified among assembled unigenes and subjected to sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis found a one‐to‐one orthologous relationship between LeryOBP/LeryCSP and its corresponding homologs from other aphid species. Further quantitative real‐time PCR analyses across developmental stages and tissues showed that fiveLeryOBPgenes (i.e.,LeryGOBP,LeryOBP6,LeryOBP7,LeryOBP9, andLeryOBP13) andLeryCSP10were specifically or significantly elevated in the antennae compared with other tissues. Moreover, two transcripts (i.e.,LeryGOBPandLeryOBP6) exhibited remarkably higher expression levels in alate aphids, implying their potentially functional role in the perception of new host plant locations. These results present the identification and expression of OBP/CSP genes inL. erysimi, providing valuable insights into their putative role in olfactory signal transduction.
High‐Voltage Operation of All‐Oxide Solid‐State Sodium Batteries Using NASICON‐Related Materials
Authors: Kutsuzawa Dai , Kobayashi Takeshi
Published: May 2023

All‐oxide solid‐state sodium batteries (AOSSSBs), which are composed of oxide electrolytes and oxide active materials with sodium‐ion carriers, have attracted attention because of their high safety and material abundance. However, the operating voltage of AOSSSBs is inevitably low because the number of active materials available for use in AOSSSBs is restricted by undesirable reactions at electrolyte/electrode interfaces during high‐temperature fabrication. Herein, we fabricate AOSSSBs using a Na superionic conductor‐type solid electrolyte Na3Zr2(SiO4)2(PO4) (NZSP), a Na superionic conductor‐type negative active material NaTi2(PO4)3, and a mixed‐phosphate cathode active material Na4Ni3(PO4)2(P2O7) by a Na2B4O7 ⋅ 10H2O‐assisted low‐temperature fabrication technique. The obtained NaTi2(PO4)3/NZSP/Na4Ni3(PO4)2(P2O7) batteries exhibit an average discharge voltage of 3.1 V, which is the highest voltage ever reported in AOSSSBs. In addition, Na2B4O7 ⋅ 10H2O‐containing NZSP electrolytes show a wider electrochemical window in comparison with the pristine NZSP, enabling the batteries to endure a wide voltage operation (a capacity retention of 71 % after 10 cycles of charge/discharge in 0–5.1 V).
Covalent Organic Framework: An Emerging Catalyst for Renewable Ammonia Production
Authors: Chowdhury Ipsita Hazra , Gupta Shivani , Rao Vishal Govind
Published: May 2023

Ammonia (NH3), a fertilizer feedstock and clean energy carrier, is produced primarily by the Haber‐Bosch method, which is environmentally hazardous and energy intensive. Therefore, there is an immediate need for a benign alternative, like catalytic nitrogen fixation, such as catalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). NRR must involve active, selective, scalable, and long‐lived catalysts to become a sustainable source of ammonia production. Recently, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and COF‐based functional materials have been proposed as promising catalysts for NRR. COFs comprise repeating units of organic molecules connected by strong covalent bonds. By fine‐tuning the building blocks, various COFs can be designed with numerous active sites. This class of materials offers excellent modularity, porosity, stability, and low density. A novel type of nitrogen‐abundant COFs called covalent triazine framework (CTF) has been noted for its high electron density and ultra‐stability. This review examines the state‐of‐the‐art for the NRR using different COF‐based catalysts and discusses design principles for advancing it. The underlying mechanism of NRR with different strategies adopted for renewable ammonia production is also discussed for a clear understanding of the process. Furthermore, key parameters for improving ammonia synthesis‘s photo/electrocatalytic efficiency will also be highlighted to present new possibilities to this emerging field.
A Feasible Strategy for a Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter Over 900 nm Based on Phenalenone Derivatives
Authors: Ma Bin , Ding Zhenming , Liu Denghui , Zhou Zhongxin , Zhang Kai , Dang Dongfeng , Zhang Shiyue , Su Shi‐Jian , Zhu Weiguo , Liu Yu
Published: May 2023

Near‐infrared (NIR) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) suffer from the low external electroluminescence (EL) quantum efficiency (EQE), which is a critical obstacle for potential applications. Herein, 1‐oxo‐1‐phenalene‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile (OPDC) is employed as an electron‐withdrawing aromatic ring, and by incorporating with triphenylamine (TPA) and biphenylphenylamine (BBPA) donors, two novel NIR emitters with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics, namely OPDC‐DTPA and OPDC‐DBBPA, are first developed and compared in parallel. Intense NIR emission peaks at 962 and 1003 nm are observed in their pure films, respectively. Contributed by the local excited (LE) characteristics in the triplet (T1) state in synergy with the charge transfer (CT) characteristics for the singlet (S1) state to activate TADF emission, the solution processable doped NIR OLEDs based on OPDC‐DTPA and OPDC‐DBBPA yield EL peaks at 834 and 906 nm, accompanied with maximum EQEs of 0.457 and 0.103 %, respectively, representing the state‐of‐the‐art EL performances in the TADF emitter‐based NIR‐OLEDs in the similar EL emission regions so far. This work manifests a simple and effective strategy for the development of NIR TADF emitters with long wavelength and efficiency synchronously.
Direct C(3)5−H Polyfluoroarylation of 2‐Amino/alkoxy Pyridines Enabled by a Transient and Electron‐deficient Palladium Intermediate
Authors: Das Animesh , Maji Biplab
Published: May 2023

Herein, we present an unprecedented azine‐limited C5−H polyfluoroarylation of 2‐aminopyridines enabled by a transient and electron‐deficient perfluoroaryl‐Pd species via C−H/C−H coupling. The protocol further allows C3(5)−H polyfluoroarylation of 2‐alkoxypyridines guided by sterics and electronics for the first time. The late‐stage C−H functionalization of drugs, drug derivatives, and natural product derivatives and synthesis of C5‐aryl drug derivatives further demonstrated the method's utility. The preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the synergistic combination of the bulky yet electrophilic perfluoroaryl‐Pd species and the partial nucleophilicity of the C5‐position of 2‐amino/alkoxy‐pyridines is the origin of reactivity and selectivity. Importantly, the first experimental evidence for the role of diisopropyl sulfide is provided.
A many‐objective optimization based intelligent algorithm for virtual machine migration in mobile edge computing
Authors: Fan Tian , Guo Wanwan , Zhang Zhixia , Cui Zhihua
Published: May 2023

With the rapid development of big data, the explosive growth of data promotes the progress of the Internet of Things (IoT). Because it is hard for traditional cloud computing to meet vast computing tasks, scholars propose mobile edge computing (MEC) for the IoT. However, the mobility of users results in the instability of MEC performance. Besides, the conflict of interest between users and service providers needs to be balanced. To solve these problems, this paper constructs a virtual machine migration model based on many‐objective optimization (MaOVMMM). In MaOVMMM, four objectives are considered simultaneously: communication expense, computing expense, delay, and energy consumption. A many‐objective evolutionary algorithm with double population confrontation (MaOEA‐DPC) is suggested to support the MaOVMMM that is proposed. First, the population confrontation strategy is designed to better simulate the relationship between users and service providers. Second, the dynamic probability integration selection strategy is used to ensure the evolution ability of the algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of MaOEA‐DPC when compared with other algorithms. This proposed approach can provide a superior virtual machine migration scheme for decision‐makers.
Modular Synthesis of Phosphino Hydrazones and Their Use as Ligands in a Palladium‐Catalysed Cu‐Free Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Baweja Saral , Kazimir Aleksandr , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie
Published: May 2023

Phosphino hydrazones represent a versatile class of nitrogen‐containing phosphine ligands. Herein, we report a modular synthesis of phosphino hydrazone ligands by hydrazone condensation reaction of three different aryl hydrazines with 3‐(diphenylphosphino)propanal (PCHO). Complexation reactions of these phosphino hydrazone ligands with palladium(II) and platinum(II) were investigated and the catalytic activity of the palladium(II) complexes was explored in a Cu‐free Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction achieving yields up to 96 %. Additionally it was shown that the catalytically active species is homogeneous.
Dual Chromophoric Meso‐Aryl BODIPYs with Aggregation Induced Red‐Emission Characteristics: Optical Properties and their Application in Fe3+ Detection
Authors: Mathew Diana , Parameswaran Pattiyil
Published: May 2023

Herein, we report the design of meso‐aryl BODIPYs as a structural motif for aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) to aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) transformation. A series of meso‐aryl BODIPY derivatives were synthesized, by systematically increasing the size of the chromophore at the meso‐position from phenyl to pyrene. The effect of various factors, such as the aryl ring size, solvents, viscosity, and metal cations, on the photophysical properties was analyzed. The emission properties are well correlated with the flexibility of the aromatic ring for free rotation around the Caryl−CBODIPY bond. Accordingly, meso‐phenanthrene BODIPY (PhB) has the highest emission characteristics. The emission property of less bulky aryl‐substituted BODIPYs increases by increasing the solvent viscosity. The interaction of Fe3+ ions with aryl‐BODIPYs provides a prominent photophysical response based on Lewis‐acid supported decomplexation of BF2 in aryl‐BODIPYs. The bichromophoric meso‐aryl BODIPYs exhibit notable intramolecular excitation energy transfer from the aromatic ring to the BODIPY core, which is higher in meso‐anthracene BODIPY(AB). Hence, decorating BODIPYs with polycyclic aromatic systems generates a twisted structure, which inhibits the π‐π stacking between the planar aromatic molecules. This can be proposed as an effective approach at the molecular level to convert planar aryl luminophores having ACQ to AIEgens. Besides, the meso‐pyrene BODIPY derivative shows excellent mechanofluorochromic behaviour.
Stereoselective Mannich Reactions in the Synthesis of Enantiopure Piperidine Alkaloids and Derivatives
Authors: van Rootselaar Stefan , Peterse Evert , Blanco‐Ania Daniel , Rutjes Floris P. J. T.
Published: May 2023

Piperidine alkaloids are members of the alkaloid family that is characterized by the presence of a six‐membered nitrogen‐containing heterocycle. Piperidine alkaloids are found mainly in plants and often exhibit interesting biological and pharmacological activities. Despite the accumulation of these natural products in plants, relatively low quantities of alkaloids are produced in absolute terms and thus synthesis of alkaloids and derivatives thereof remains relevant to identify targets for drug discovery. Throughout the years, researchers have come up with a myriad of methods to synthesize piperidine derivatives. This review describes methods that employ stereoselective Mannich reactions to create the core of piperidine alkaloids. Asymmetric induction in the Mannich reaction has been achieved by a range of methods that have been divided into three conceptual approaches: (1) chiral pool‐based (internal asymmetric induction), (2) chiral auxiliary‐based (relayed asymmetric induction) and (3) asymmetric catalysis‐based (external asymmetric induction). Of each approach, we describe the reaction mechanism and rationalize the stereochemical outcome of the Mannich products.
Prediction of the pore structure by machine learning techniques in the carbonate reservoirs in Iraq H oilfield
Authors: Lu Hao , Hu Shunqing , Zhang Liehui , Tang Hongming , Yang Tao , Zhao Yulong , Li Li , Zhao Feng
Published: May 2023

Pore structure impacts the capability of seepage pattern of subsurface fluid mineral and mineral exploitation efficiency. Because of the strong heterogeneity in carbonate reservoirs, the pore structure is nonlinearly varying and complex in reservoirs. It is necessary to establish a method for pore structure type (PST) prediction. Machine learning provides an efficient prediction method by finding the relationship between core test data and well‐logging data. In this paper, a reservoir identification method based on Gradient Boost Decision Trees (GBDT) is proposed for the pore structure characteristics of carbonate reservoirs integrating core test and logging data. Core testing data are utilized to form the training set for PST prediction. Then, we adopt the mutual information method to optimize the logging data as the input of the machine learning model. GBDT hyperparameters are optimized using the learning curve to make it have optimal performance. Finally, we compare the predicted result of GBDT with K‐Nearest Neighbor and support vector machines, demonstrating the superior performance of GBDT. The results indicate that the four PS are different in some properties, such as permeability, pore radius and shape of pore and throat. 20%, 10 and 0.15 are recommended as the optimal parameter values for Maximum feature, iteration number and Sub‐sample number to improve GBDT accuracy in carbonate reservoir PST prediction. Evaluation indicators of machine learning, including the Kappa coefficient, Heming distance, Jaccard similarity coefficient and Confusion matrices, indicate that GBDT has better performance. This research proves the high accuracy and applicability of machine learning technology in the carbonate reservoir and also provides a meaningful reference for the identification of the carbonate reservoirs in the central area of Iraq.
Effectiveness of ultrasound screening in right upper quadrant pain: A comparative study in a basic emergency service
Authors: Miravent Sérgio , Lobo Manuel , Figueiredo Teresa , Jiménez Carmen , Almeida Rui
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims

The use of ultrasound screening is primarily facilitated by point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) and its integration into healthcare systems is a result of the versatility of this imaging technique. This study intends to compare the accuracy and pertinence of sonographic findings obtained by a sonographer in a Basic Emergency Service (BES) with that of radiologists at referral hospital (RH) in Portugal.

Methods

Twenty patients with right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain and suspected cholecystitis or biliary pathology underwent sonography screening using POCUS in the BES. They were then forwarded to the RH where a radiologist performed a conventional ultrasound exam on the same patients. The results of both exams were compared to determine if the findings obtained in the BES were confirmed by the radiologist in the RH.

Results

In our sample, 60% of cases were related to biliary pathology, 20% were liver‐related, 10% had hepatopancreatic biliary etiology, and 10% had unknown etiology. A strong association between the sonographic findings in the BES and the RH was found in the variables “Sonographic Murphy sign” (V = 0.859; p = 0.001), “Cholelithiasis/Gallbladder sludge” (V = 0.840; p = 0.001), and “Intrahepatic biliary tract dilatation” (V = 0.717; p = 0.006). Adequate measures of agreement between the findings of the radiographer and radiologist were obtained for the “Sonographic Murphy sign” (k = 0.664; p = 0.001) and the presence of “Cholelithiasis/Gallbladder sludge” (k = 0.712; p = 0.000).

Conclusion

Major biliary abnormalities were detected in patients with RUQ pain in BES using sonography. The correlation between the sonographic findings obtained by the sonographers at BES and those obtained by radiologists at the RH in Portugal was strong, showing that POCUS screening could be extended to other similar settings; however, more studies are needed.
Ultrafast one‐pass FASTQ data preprocessing, quality control, and deduplication using fastp
Authors: Chen Shifu
Published: May 2023

A large amount of sequencing data is generated and processed every day with the continuous evolution of sequencing technology and the expansion of sequencing applications. One consequence of such sequencing data explosion is the increasing cost and complexity of data processing. The preprocessing of FASTQ data, which means removing adapter contamination, filtering low‐quality reads, and correcting wrongly represented bases, is an indispensable but resource intensive part of sequencing data analysis. Therefore, although a lot of software applications have been developed to solve this problem, bioinformatics scientists and engineers are still pursuing faster, simpler, and more energy‐efficient software. Several years ago, the author developed fastp, which is an ultrafast all‐in‐one FASTQ data preprocessor with many modern features. This software has been approved by many bioinformatics users and has been continuously maintained and updated. Since the first publication on fastp, it has been greatly improved, making it even faster and more powerful. For instance, the duplication evaluation module has been improved, and a new deduplication module has been added. This study aimed to introduce the new features of fastp and demonstrate how it was designed and implemented.
Layered oxide cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries: From air stability, interface chemistry to phase transition
Authors: Liu Yi‐Feng , Han Kai , Peng Dan‐Ni , Kong Ling‐Yi , Su Yu , Li Hong‐Wei , Hu Hai‐Yan , Li Jia‐Yang , Wang Hong‐Rui , Fu Zhi‐Qiang , Ma Qiang , Zhu Yan‐Fang , Tang Rui‐Ren , Chou Shu‐Lei , Xiao Yao , Wu Xiong‐Wei
Published: May 2023

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as a low‐cost complementary or alternative system to prestigious lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of their similar working principle to LIBs, cost‐effectiveness, and sustainable availability of sodium resources, especially in large‐scale energy storage systems (EESs). Among various cathode candidates for SIBs, Na‐based layered transition metal oxides have received extensive attention for their relatively large specific capacity, high operating potential, facile synthesis, and environmental benignity. However, there are a series of fatal issues in terms of poor air stability, unstable cathode/electrolyte interphase, and irreversible phase transition that lead to unsatisfactory battery performance from the perspective of preparation to application, outside to inside of layered oxide cathodes, which severely limit their practical application. This work is meant to review these critical problems associated with layered oxide cathodes to understand their fundamental roots and degradation mechanisms, and to provide a comprehensive summary of mainstream modification strategies including chemical substitution, surface modification, structure modulation, and so forth, concentrating on how to improve air stability, reduce interfacial side reaction, and suppress phase transition for realizing high structural reversibility, fast Na+ kinetics, and superior comprehensive electrochemical performance. The advantages and disadvantages of different strategies are discussed, and insights into future challenges and opportunities for layered oxide cathodes are also presented.

image
Whole‐Body Metabolism and the Musculoskeletal Impacts of Targeting Activin A and Myostatin in Severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Omosule Catherine L. , Joseph Dominique , Weiler Brooke , Gremminger Victoria L. , Silvey Spencer , Lafaver Brittany N. , Jeong Youngjae , Kleiner Sandra , Phillips Charlotte L.
Published: May 2023

Mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, which encode type I collagen, are present in around 85%–90% of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) patients. Because type I collagen is the principal protein composition of bones, any changes in its gene sequences or synthesis can severely affect bone structure. As a result, skeletal deformity and bone frailty are defining characteristics of OI. Homozygous oim/oim mice are utilized as models of severe progressive type III OI. Bone adapts to external forces by altering its mass and architecture. Previous attempts to leverage the relationship between muscle and bone involved using a soluble activin receptor type IIB‐mFc (sActRIIB‐mFc) fusion protein to lower circulating concentrations of activin A and myostatin. These two proteins are part of the TGF‐β superfamily that regulate muscle and bone function. While this approach resulted in increased muscle masses and enhanced bone properties, adverse effects emerged due to ligand promiscuity, limiting clinical efficacy and obscuring the precise contributions of myostatin and activin A. In this study, we investigated the musculoskeletal and whole‐body metabolism effect of treating 5‐week‐old wildtype (Wt) and oim/oim mice for 11 weeks with either control antibody (Ctrl‐Ab) or monoclonal anti‐activin A antibody (ActA‐Ab), anti‐myostatin antibody (Mstn‐Ab), or a combination of ActA‐Ab and Mstn‐Ab (Combo). We demonstrated that ActA‐Ab treatment minimally impacts muscle mass in oim/oim mice, whereas Mstn‐Ab and Combo treatments substantially increased muscle mass and overall lean mass regardless of genotype and sex. Further, while no improvements in cortical bone microarchitecture were observed with all treatments, minimal improvements in trabecular bone microarchitecture were observed with the Combo treatment in oim/oim mice. Our findings suggest that individual or combinatorial inhibition of myostatin and activin A alone is insufficient to robustly improve femoral biomechanical and microarchitectural properties in severely affected OI mice. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Low miR‐182‐5p Expressing Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells of Subjects With Steroid‐Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Aggravate Disease Progression
Authors: Li Shushan , Kong Zhiheng , Ma Baodong , Wang Haitao , Han Yu , Zhao Hongbo , Shi Xiangyu , Lv Pengju , Yue Han , Grässel Susanne , Yin Li
Published: May 2023

Steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a refractory, progressive disease. However, the underlying mechanisms that aggravate femoral head necrosis remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as molecular carriers in intercellular communication. We hypothesize that EVs derived from human (h) bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) resident in SONFH lesion areas promote the pathogenesis of SONFH. In the present study, we determined the modulatory effects of SONFH‐hBMSCs‐derived EVs on the pathogenesis of SONFH in vitro and in vivo. We found that the expression of hsa‐miR‐182‐5p was downregulated in SONFH‐hBMSCs and EVs isolated from those hBMSCs. After tail vein injection, EVs isolated from hBMSCs transfected with hsa‐miR‐182‐5p inhibitor aggravated femoral head necrosis in the SONFH mouse model. We conclude that miR‐182‐5p regulates bone turnover in the SONFH mouse model via targeting MYD88 and subsequent upregulation of RUNX2 expression. We further assume that EVs derived from hBMSCs resident in SONFH lesion areas aggravate femoral head necrosis by downregulating miR‐182‐5p secreted from hBMSC located outside these lesions. We suggest that miR‐182‐5p could provide a novel target for future therapeutic approaches to treat or prevent SONFH. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Study on antitumor activity of parthenolide C‐14 derivatives
Authors: Zhou Yanhong , He Shuzhong , Zhong Hang , He Zhangjiang , Kang Jichuan
Published: May 2023

In this study, two series of C‐14 derivatives of parthenolide were designed, and synthesized 13 ester derivatives were obtained by oxidation and further esterification of their C‐14 methyl groups. Similarly, the C‐14‐oxidative product suffered from iodination and reacted with amino compounds to afford 3 amine derivatives. Antiproliferative test in vitro exhibited that most of the newly synthesized compounds were more potent than parthenolide toward both human non‐small cell lung cancer A549 cell line and breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cell line. Among them, ZA‐5 displayed a significant antiproliferative effect against A549 with an IC50 value of 1.03 μmol L−1 and ZB‐1 had a potency almost equal to that of the positive drug Adriamycin toward MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Finally, a mechanism study showed that ZA‐5 could significantly trigger off apoptosis of A549 cells at the test concentration.
Preliminary Study of Confounder‐Corrected Fat Fraction and R2* Mapping of Bone Marrow in Children With Acute Leukemia
Authors: Wang Linlin , Wang Dao , Chen Jiao , Sun Mengtian , Nickel Dominik , Kannengiesser Stephan , Qu Feifei , Zhu Jingxia , Ren Cuiping , Zhang Yong , Cheng Jingliang
Published: May 2023

Background

The bone marrow (BM) evaluation of acute leukemia (AL) mainly depends on invasive BM puncture biopsy. Noninvasive and accurate MR examination technology has potential clinical application value in the BM evaluation of AL patients. Multi‐gradient‐echo (MGRE) has been found useful to evaluate changes in BM fat and iron content, but has not yet been applied in AL.

Purpose

To explore the diagnostic capability of BM infiltration of quantitative BM fat fraction (FF) and R2* values obtained from a 3D MGRE sequence in children with primary AL.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population/Subjects

Sixty‐two pediatric patients with untreated AL and 68 healthy volunteers. AL patients were divided into acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (n = 39) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 23) groups.

Field Strength/Sequence

3T, 3D chemical‐shift‐encoded multi‐gradient‐echo, T1WI, T2WI, T2_STIR.

Assessment

BM FF and R2* values were assessed by manually drawing regions of interest at the L3, L4, ilium, and 1 cm below the bilateral trochanter of the femur (upper femur).

Statistical Tests

Independent sample t‐tests, variance analysis, Spearman correlation.

Results

BM FF and R2* at L3, L4, ilium, and upper femur, FFtotal and R2*total were significantly lower in the AL than control group. BM FF did not significantly differ between ALL and AML groups (PL3 = 0.060, PL4 = 0.086, Pilium = 0.179, Pupper femur = 0.149, and Ptotle = 0.097, respectively). The R2* was significantly lower in ALL group than AML group for L3, L4, and R2*total. BM FF was moderately positively correlated with R2* in ALL group, and strongly positively correlated in AML group. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves showed that BM FF had higher AUC in AL, ALL, and AML (all AUC = 1.000) than R2* (0.976, 0.996, and 0.941, respectively).

Data Conclusion

MGRE‐MRI mapping can be applied to measure BM FF and R2* values, and help evaluate BM infiltration and iron storage in children with AL.

Evidence Level: 1

Technical Efficacy: 2
Effect of different amino acid solutions on the oxidative stability of three different lipid emulsions in all‐in‐one admixtures
Authors: Rogulska Joanna , Osowska Sylwia , Zawada Katarzyna , Giebułtowicz Joanna
Published: May 2023

Background and Aim

Lipid peroxidation in parenteral nutrition mixtures is still a challenge. We aimed to evaluate the effect of two different amino acid solutions used in different clinical situations on lipid peroxidation of three different lipid emulsions (Intralipid, ClinOleic, and SMOFlipid) in all‐in‐one admixtures during 24 h of simulated infusion. The selected amino acid solutions included one used in stable patients and one used in renal insufficiency (Aminomel10E and Nephrotect, respectively).

Methods

Eighteen all‐in‐one admixtures were prepared. The simulated infusion with light protection was conducted straight after the preparation for 24 h at room temperature. The lipid peroxidation process was evaluated in all‐in‐one admixtures and the original lipid emulsion by determining the malondialdehyde levels (high‐performance liquid chromatography) and conjugated dienes and trienes (ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry).

Results

Malondialdehyde in the original packaging was lower in SMOFlipid (9 µM) compared with Intralipid (27 µM, P = 0.0003) and ClinOleic (25 µM, P = 0.0001). During simulated infusion, ClinOleic showed a significantly lower rate of lipid peroxidation (26% decrease in aldehyde levels) in comparison with Intralipid and SMOFlipid (up to 39% and 31% increase in aldehyde levels, respectively) when the admixture was based on Aminomel10E. In admixtures based on Nephrotect, ClinOleic, and SMOFlipid showed better oxidative stability in comparison with Intralipid. Admixtures based on Nephrotect and Intralipid had higher levels of primary lipid peroxidation products than those based on ClinOleic (P = 0.030) or SMOFlipid (P = 0.071, not significant).

Conclusions

Amino acid solutions influence the rate of lipid peroxidation. The observation should be confirmed in larger studies with different amino acid solutions.
Regularity of powers of Stanley–Reisner ideals of one‐dimensional simplicial complexes
Authors: Minh Nguyen Cong , Vu Thanh
Published: May 2023

Let Δ be a one‐dimensional simplicial complex. Let be the Stanley–Reisner ideal of Δ. We prove that for all and all intermediate ideals J generated by and some minimal generators of , we have