bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First record of the entomopathogenic protist, Mattesia dispora (Neogregarinorida: Lipotrophidae) of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Turkey
Authors: Yaman Mustafa , Acar Kâbire Funda , Radek Renate
Published: December 2019

The present study is the first record of a natural neogregarine infection of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Turkey. The infection occurs in the fat body and hemolymph of the larvae. Typical fresh navicular oocysts of the pathogen were 12.1–16.2 μm in length and 5.9–8.5 in width (n = 50). Oocysts stained with Giemsa stain measured 11.7–14.2 μm in length and 5.9–8.5 μm in width. Polar plugs were recognizable using light and electron microscopy. The oocyst wall is quite thick, measuring 460 to 560 nm. Each oocyst contains 8 sporozoites. The described neogregarine has typical characteristics of members of the genus Mattesia (Family Lipotrophidaeorder Neogregarinorida) and shows similarities with Mattesia dispora in morphological and ultrastructural characteristics. The occurrence of the pathogen in different life stages of E. kuehniella was also studied. Total infection was observed as 66.98% in the investigated samples. The pathogen caused different infection levels in the larvae, pupae, and adults of the E. kuehniella, 57.06, 85, and 3.17%, respectively.
Policing in Practice
Authors: Ibrahim Farhana
Published: December 2019

Studies on militarization and borders in South Asia often focus on zones of spectacular conflict, such as Kashmir, or partition violence in Punjab. This article examines the production of everyday policing in a zone of high surveillance that is not a conventional military “hot spot” in the region. The question of who or what constitutes the police force is as important as the question of what it does. The categories of police or law enforcer and those who are policed are malleable and contingent. Networks of secrecy, transparency, and trust are produced through a series of dialogic relationships between police, borderland residents, and other actors not conventionally taken to be a part of the security apparatus—for example, tourists, development agencies, and anthropologists. The article suggests that encounters between those on either side of the law are not only coercive, but shot through with shades of hospitality, reciprocity, and desire. It thus attempts to refigure wartime and peacetime as periods of continuum rather than opposition and repositions those who are inside and outside formal categories of law enforcement to suggest that the manner in which the border is policed may reflect the ways in which borderland populations are engaged quite actively with the question of security.
Security Socialities
Authors: Ghosh Sahana
Published: December 2019

India imposes an increasingly militarized border security agenda along its officially “friendly” border with Bangladesh with a range of preemptive practices to control the illegal movement of people and goods. Focusing ethnographic attention on everyday mobility, I view the articulations of national security in India's eastern borderlands through a gender lens to trace the logics of threat and protection that are made and unmade in everyday civil-military relations. The article explores the social and spatial forms through which civil-military relations unfold and proposes the idea of “security socialities” to think about these polychromatic relations between residents and security force personnel. Intimate yet fluid, ambivalent, and potentially violent, these instantiations of power show how border security is concretized and negotiated, stretched and challenged, but also made acceptable for a range of borderland residents. Security socialities point to the inextricable ties between everyday and spectacular violence of security projects and the relations that constitute them.
The Social Life of Rumors
Authors: Maqsood Ammara
Published: December 2019

In the aftermath of 9/11, with respect to the US-led invasion of Afghanistan, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in Pakistan have been the site of immense violence and destruction, including from US drone attacks, ground military operations by the Pakistan Army, and retaliatory attacks by different factions of Taliban fighters. Using uncertainty as an analytic and ethnographic concept, this article traces the social life of the rumors, conspiracy theories, and stories that float around this violence. It draws attention to their multiple and often contradictory effects: rumors simultaneously breed fear and confusion, help forge intimacy, and provide certainty and coherence. Rather than subvert power relations or simply critique the powerful, I suggest that rumors and conspiracy theories provide the means through which tribal Pashtuns live and make their way in a social world in which they remain unequal, but coeval, participants.
Afterword
Authors: Feldman Ilana
Published: December 2019

This brief essay reflects on a collection of anthropological investigations of security and surveillance practices in South Asia and the Middle East. The articles in the collection highlight what looking at security matters reveals about families, migration, borderland experiences, and ethnographic fieldwork. The afterword considers the intellectual and ethical importance of the ethnographic sensitivity to and analytic engagement with the uncertainties and ambiguities that are at the center of these practices. Individually and collectively, the articles in this collection offer new tools for thinking about the effects of living in securitized worlds and underscore the value of looking from perhaps unexpected vantage points to understand an arguably global condition.
Nanog regulates Pou3f1 expression at the exit from pluripotency during gastrulation
Authors: Barral Antonio , Rollan Isabel , Sanchez-Iranzo Hector , Jawaid Wajid , Badia-Careaga Claudio , Menchero Sergio , Gomez Manuel J. , Torroja Carlos , Sanchez-Cabo Fatima , Göttgens Berthold , Manzanares Miguel , Sainz de Aja Julio
Published: December 2019

Pluripotency is regulated by a network of transcription factors that maintain early embryonic cells in an undifferentiated state while allowing them to proliferate. NANOG is a critical factor for maintaining pluripotency and its role in primordial germ cell differentiation has been well described. However, Nanog is expressed during gastrulation across all the posterior epiblast, and only later in development is its expression restricted to primordial germ cells. In this work, we unveiled a previously unknown mechanism by which Nanog specifically represses genes involved in anterior epiblast lineage. Analysis of transcriptional data from both embryonic stem cells and gastrulating mouse embryos revealed Pou3f1 expression to be negatively correlated with that of Nanog during the early stages of differentiation. We have functionally demonstrated Pou3f1 to be a direct target of NANOG by using a dual transgene system for the controlled expression of Nanog. Use of Nanog null ES cells further demonstrated a role for Nanog in repressing a subset of anterior neural genes. Deletion of a NANOG binding site (BS) located nine kilobases downstream of the transcription start site of Pou3f1 revealed this BS to have a specific role in the regionalization of the expression of this gene in the embryo. Our results indicate an active role of Nanog inhibiting neural regulatory networks by repressing Pou3f1 at the onset of gastrulation.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life of Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Lung Cancer
Authors: Avery Kerry N. L. , Blazeby Jane M. , Chalmers Katy A. , Batchelor Timothy J. P. , Casali Gianluca , Internullo Eveline , Krishnadas Rakesh , Evans Clare , West Doug
Published: December 2019

Background

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) approaches are increasingly used in lung cancer surgery, but little is known about their impact on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQL). This prospective study measured recovery and HRQL in the year after VATS for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explored the feasibility of HRQL data collection in patients undergoing VATS or open lung resection.

Patients and Methods

Consecutive patients referred for surgical assessment (VATS or open surgery) for proven/suspected NSCLC completed HRQL and fatigue assessments before and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-surgery. Mean HRQL scores were calculated for patients who underwent VATS (segmental, wedge or lobectomy resection). Paired t-tests compared mean HRQL between baseline and expected worst (1 month), early (3 months) and longer-term (12 months) recovery time points.

Results

A total of 92 patients received VATS, and 18 open surgery. Questionnaire response rates were high (pre-surgery 96–100%; follow-up 67–85%). Pre-surgery, VATS patients reported mostly high (good) functional health scores [(European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer) EORTC function scores > 80] and low (mild) symptom scores (EORTC symptom scores < 20). One-month post-surgery, patients reported clinically and statistically significant deterioration in overall health and physical, role and social function (19–36 points), and increased fatigue, pain, dyspnoea, appetite loss and constipation [EORTC 12–26; multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20) 3–5]. HRQL had not fully recovered 12 months post-surgery, with reduced physical, role and social function (10–14) and persistent fatigue and dyspnoea (EORTC 12–22; MFI-20 2.7–3.2).

Conclusions

Lung resection has a considerable detrimental impact on patients’ HRQL that is not fully resolved 12 months post-surgery, despite a VATS approach.

Graphic Abstract
Incidentally detected microcystic serous cystadenoma of the pancreas with splenic invasion: a case report and literature review
Authors: Yagi Fumiko , Akita Hirotaka , Ueno Akihisa , Takano Kiminori , Masugi Yohei , Sakamoto Michiie , Kitago Minoru , Shinoda Masahiro , Kitagawa Yuko , Toyama Kenji , Matsusaka Yohji , Yashiro Hideki , Okuda Shigeo , Jinzaki Masahiro
Published: December 2019

Serous cystic neoplasms are relatively uncommon and rarely possess malignant potential. We report a rare case of pancreatic serous cystadenoma with splenic invasion in a female in her 60s. Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT revealed a 3 cm mass in the tail of the pancreas. The lesion showed marked enhancement in the arterial phase on dynamic CT, which extended into the spleen. No cystic components were detected in the pancreatic mass on either magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography or T2weighted imaging. No metastasis or lymph node swelling was detected. Based on the hypervascularity of the tumour, the pre-operative diagnosis was pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour with splenic invasion. The patient underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy. The pathological diagnosis was microcystic serous cystadenoma with locally aggressive features (infiltration into spleen, lymph nodes, and splenic vein). A few cases of pancreatic serous cystadenomas with splenic invasion have been reported; all were symptomatic, with diameters greater than approximately 9 cm. This is the first known case of incidentally detected serous cystadenoma with splenic invasion, reported with detailed imaging findings of dynamic CT and MRI.
MODELING THE TECHNOGENIC IMPACT OF CHPS ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES
Authors: Звягинцева Алла , Zvyaginceva Alla , Сазонова Светлана , Sazonova Svetlana , Кульнева В. , Kul'neva V.
Published: December 2019

The waste generated during the operation of the thermal electric central, an energy facility, is considered. The analysis of atmospheric pollution by emissions of the Voronezh TPP-1, which uses coal as the main fuel, is carried out. A comparison is made with a thermal power plant using gas as a fuel source. The maximum allowable emission standards for pollutants generated during the use of coal are established and the excess of the MPC value by various types of emissions is shown: dioxide and nitric oxide; fuel oil and NO2 + SO2 ash; sulphurous anhydride and carbon monoxide; soot and coal ash. The size of the Sanitary Protection Zone of TPP-1 was determined. Measures aimed at reducing the negative environmental impact of such energy facilities as combined heat and power plants are proposed
DESIGN FEATURES OF MULTI-BIT CMOS-CNI-ADC TO CREATE MULTI-CHANNEL HIGH-SPEED DSP SYSTEMS WITH INCREASED FAULT TOLERANCE
Authors: Кононов Владимир , Kononov Vladimir
Published: December 2019

The features and possibilities of using foreign and domestic foundry technologies in the creation of CMOS-ADC for high-speed multichannel DSP systems with increased fault resistance to the effects of TKCH are considered. The architecture and technique of ADC balancing, which provide an increase in the conversion rate when several ADCS operate in the alternating mode, are presented. The technique of double reservation of sources of «weight» currents is considered. The necessity of using an additional current source and dual series-connected CMOS transistors instead of single transistors of the same conductivity type is substantiated. It is noted that the proposed solutions provide effective amortization of the impact of TKCH with the most "dangerous" energies of 20-100 MeV/nucleon
SIMULATOR ERROR STREAM IN THE DATA CHANNEL WHEN DIGITAL SIGNALS WITH A QUADRATURE PHASE SHIFT KEYING
Authors: Лавлинский Валерий , Lavlinskiy V. , Громов Юрий , Gromov Yuriy , Дидрих Валерий , Didrih Valeriy , Шелковников М. , Shelkovnikov M. , Провоторов А. , Provotorov A.
Published: December 2019

A variant of constructing an error flow simulator in a sequence of data transmitted over the radio channel using a signal with quadrature phase manipulation is proposed. The developed simulator takes into account the features of the implemented in practice coherent reception of signals with multi-position phase manipulation in the transmission of data in a digital communication channel. The adequacy of the results obtained by its use is confirmed in the process of modeling data transmission in a limited frequency resource channel. The expediency of using the proposed error flow simulator is due to the possibility of correlating the error flow parameters with the technical characteristics of the data transmission system and the intensity of interference in the radio channel.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE PARAMETRIC RESERVE OF HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS TO ENSURE OPERATIONAL SAFETY
Authors: Сазонова Светлана , Sazonova Svetlana , Николенко Сергей , Nikolenko S. , Звягинцева Алла , Zvyaginceva Alla
Published: December 2019

The procedure of forming a transport (parametric) reserve for heating systems of cities and settlements in cases of increasing line diameters with a constant network configuration is considered. For functioning heat supply systems, the formation of a reserve will ensure uninterrupted and safe operation. Safe operation is supposed to be ensured through analysis and prevention of possible emergency situations. The development of mathematical models of the transport reserve is based on the energy equivalent of subscriber subsystems of heating systems, which distinguishes the obtained mathematical models from existing analogues. To evaluate the impact of parametric optimization results on economic indicators, a computational experiment was conducted. As an object of study, the design scheme of a residential microdistrict was considered. The analysis of the obtained results of the computational experiment proved the operability of the obtained mathematical models of transport reservation for functioning heat supply systems. It is possible to make transport reservation for systems of any sizes and configurations or for the studied fragments of these systems. For practical application, it is of interest to calculate the parametric reserve of individual houses that have autonomous boiler rooms.
The Study of Regional Executive Authorities Employees' Readiness for Project Management Implementation
Authors: Suhareva N.
Published: December 2019

This study is aimed at the development of the framework to assess the readiness of regional executive authorities’ employees for project management implementation. On the first stage of the research practices on how to lead the readiness check were observed as well as real cases of some Russian PMOs were studied. Second stage was devoted to methodology creation ant testing during the real-situation analysis. Two questionnaires were filled in by more than 20 representatives of Tambov region executive authorities and 10 more by representatives of regional project management offices from different regions to make the picture more diverse and enrich it with insights. Study showed which groups of processes were underestimated, which factors affected that, and how to change the situation. Benchmark with 10 regional PMOs was conducted on reasons of difficulties during project management implementation, on motivation mechanisms, on functions of PMOs and on human resources characteristics of existing PMOs. As a result, set of recommendations was prepared and the working model of project management implementation readiness assessment was formed.
CSR Expenditure and Company Performance: Charity or Signal? Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Widiastuty Erna , Soewarno Noorlailie
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study are: first, to investigate CSR expenditures made by public companies in Indonesia are whether aimed at the charity, and second, whether CSR expenditure is related to the corporate’s performance in the future.Methodology/Approach: The samples are taken from 53 companies registered at the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Measurement of CSR expenditure uses monetary unit because CSR expenditure is the actual expenditure of the company. Company performance variables use ROA and CFO.Findings: The result indicates that CSR expenditures by companies in Indonesia are aimed at charity and are not related to their future performance. In addition, the CFO is also not related to CSR expenditure. This finding indicates that the expenditure of corporate CSR in Indonesia is only limited to fulfilling corporate social responsibility to the community without expecting repayment and to fulfill applicable regulatory obligations. Thus the resulting decision is a charity decision, not a signal.Research Limitation/implication: Sample in this study is limited to only company that reports CSR expenditure data in its annual report. The problem is that this disclosure is not mandatory in Indonesia so we cannot put all of public companies into our study. Our findings must be interpreted with this sample limitation problem.Originality/Value of paper: Our study contributes to understanding of motives of corporation in CSR spending. Corporations that operate in Indonesia are not only local corporations. Some are foreign companies that operate in Indonesia. Even though this Indonesian-based foreign corporation has its CSR program running in Indonesia, the program actually made by its home office abroad. While the CSR activity is used as signal in the home country, the purpose is not the same in Indonesia.
Memorial: Emer. Prof. Alexander Linczényi, CSc. (1932-2019)
Authors: Nováková Renáta
Published: December 2019

Prof. Linczényi is known as one of the pioneers of quality management in academia and among professionals in former Czechoslovakia. Moreover, he is also considered a father of quality in Slovakia. He held back then the function of Vice President of the European Organization for Quality for the East Block. He was a member of the Association of Scientific and Technical Societies and after the division of the Czech and Slovak Republics, he became actively involved in preparatory activities for the establishment of the Slovak Society for Quality. He worked for more than 40 years as the head of the Quality Management department at STU, based in Bratislava. Professor is an author and co-author of many scientific monographs and textbooks such as, e.g. Engineering Statistics, Quality Management, Distance Learning for Quality Managers,  Quality Professional, textbook for Quality Management at Secondary Vocational Schools and many others. He published more than 400 articles in domestic and international magazines and participated at domestic and international conferences, symposia and congresses, e.g. in Australia, China, Israel, Greece, Bulgaria, Hungary, Estonia, Portugal, France, Poland, Czech Republic, Croatia, Montenegro, Germany, Netherlands, etc. Regularly, he also attended congresses organized by the European Organization for Quality. Prof. Linczényi is an author of the economic basis idea for quality management, and in his research, he created quality indicators and profitability indicators of quality. One of his contributions can be considered the definition of Creative Quality Management. For his scientific results, he was awarded the title of Scientist of the Year by the president of the Slovak Republic and similarly he was awarded by the Slovak president and Chairman of the Office for Standardization, Metrology and Testing for the lifelong contribution in the area of Quality Management. Slovak Society for Quality had awarded professor for his lifetime work in the area at the occasion of World Quality Day.
Implications of the Ankle Injury Management (AIM) trial
Authors: Keene David J. , Willett Keith
Published: December 2019

The Ankle Injury Management (AIM) trial was a pragmatic equivalence randomized controlled trial conducted at 24 hospitals in the United Kingdom that recruited 620 patients aged more than 60 years with an unstable ankle fracture. The trial compared the usual care pathway of early management with open reduction and internal fixation with initially attempting non-surgical management using close contact casting (CCC). CCC is a minimally padded cast applied by an orthopaedic surgeon after closed reduction in the operating theatre. The intervention groups had equivalent functional outcomes at six months and longer-term follow-up. However, potential barriers to using CCC as an initial form of treatment for these patients have been identified. In this report, the results of the AIM trial are summarized and the key issues are discussed in order to further the debate about the role of CCC. Evidence from the AIM trial supports surgeons considering conservative management by CCC as a treatment option for these patients. The longer-term follow-up emphasized that patients treated with CCC need careful monitoring in the weeks after its application to monitor maintenance of reduction.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1472–1475.
A case–control study of 30-day mortality in periprosthetic hip fractures and hip fractures
Authors: Jennnison T , Yarlagadda R
Published: December 2019

Introduction

There are increasing numbers of periprosthetic femoral fractures, which have high mortality rates. These fractures occur in a similar demographic to hip fractures. There has been limited research on mortality following these fractures. This study compared 30-day mortality in periprosthetic hip fractures with case-matched hip fractures.

Materials and methods

Case notes of periprosthetic hip fractures between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2015 were reviewed retrospectively at a single institution. There were 173 periprosthetic hip fractures over the seven years of the study. All hip fractures attending the same institution have data collected prospectively for the National Hip Fracture Database. Data were analysed from the Hip Fracture Database. A power calculation was undertaken; 173 periprosthetic hip fractures were matched to 865 hip fractures individually for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade and capacity.

Results

The median wait to surgery was 88 hours for periprosthetic fractures and 23 hours for hip fractures (p < 0.00001); 22.5% of patients with periprosthetic fractures underwent surgery within 36 hours compared with 68.2% of those with hip fractures (p < 0.0001). The median length of stay was 16 days for periprosthetic fractures and 10 days for hip fractures (p < 0.00001). The 30-day mortality was 6.4% for periprosthetic hip fractures and 3.1% for case-matched hip fractures (odds ratio 2.11, 95% confidence interval 1.03–4.36; p = 0.043).

Conclusions

Periprosthetic hip fractures have a significantly higher mortality than hip fractures. Further research should aim to improve outcomes in these patients.
Une catégorie de chômeurs à part
Authors: Roy Sonya
Published: December 2019

Pendant la crise économique des années 1930, les cols blancs se retrouvent nombreux parmi les rangs des chômeurs, créant ainsi « une nouvelle classe de pauvres ». Cet article explore le phénomène du chômage chez les cols blancs de Montréal et lève le voile sur leur expérience de la crise. Il s’attarde aux programmes d’assistance publique mis sur pied par les autorités municipales pour venir en aide aux chômeurs et à la réaction des cols blancs et de certains responsables de la charité relativement à la crise et à un système d’assistance jugé inadapté pour les cols blancs. L’article révèle que l’expérience et les réactions des cols blancs quant à la crise sont façonnées par leur appartenance à la classe moyenne. Au chômage, ils n’arrivent plus à maintenir les standards de respectabilité et le style de vie associés à la classe moyenne et se trouvent forcés de demander l’assistance publique aux côtés des ouvriers. La crainte d’un déclassement social et la peur d’être associés aux chômeurs de la classe ouvrière poussent les cols blancs à vouloir se différencier de ces derniers, réaffirmer leur appartenance à la classe moyenne et revendiquer des programmes d’assistance qui répondent à leurs besoins spécifiques. Certains responsables de la charité qui estiment que les cols blancs méritent des services adaptés participent également à cette différenciation.

 

During the economic crisis of the 1930s, white-collar workers found themselves among the ranks of the unemployed, thus creating a «new class of the poor”. This article explores the phenomenon of unemployment among Montreal white-collar workers and reveals their experience of the crisis. It focuses on public assistance programs set up by the municipal authorities to help the unemployed and the reaction of white collar workers and some of the charity leaders to the crisis and to a system of public assistance deemed inadequate for white-collar unemployed. The article reveals that the experience and the reactions of white-collar workers to the crisis have been shaped by their middle class identity. No longer able to maintain the standards of respectability and the lifestyle associated with the middle class, and forced to seek public assistance alongside unemployed of the working class, unemployment threatened white-collar workers’ ability to stay in the middle class. The fear of losing their social status and the fear of being associated with the working-class unemployed pushed white-collar workers to distance themselves from them, to reaffirm their belonging to the middle class and to demand assistance programs that met their specific needs. Some charity leaders who believed that white-collar unemployed deserved special treatment also contributed to this differentiation.
Proletarianization of Professional Employees and Underemployment of General Intellect in a “Knowledge Economy”
Authors: Livingstone D. W.
Published: December 2019

Proletarianization refers to the subordination of hired labour to the owners of capital. This inquiry assesses the extent of proletarianization of professional employees on the basis of a distinctive series of national surveys of the general labour force in Canada between 1982 and 2016. Non-managerial professional employees are distinguished from professionals in other class positions (i.e. professional employers, self-employed professionals, and professional managers) with whom they have been conflated in much of the prior research. The findings suggest increasing proletarianization of professional employees during this period in terms of declining job autonomy and decreasing participation in organizational decision-making, as well as increasing underemployment and more critical political attitudes. But there is also evidence of increasing qualifications and development of “general intellect” among more traditional working-class employees, as well as even more extensive underemployment. Implications of convergence between the proletarianization of professional employees, as a “new working class,” and the qualifications and perceived working conditions of other non-managerial hired labour in emergent “knowledge economies” are discussed. More careful distinctions between non-managerial professional employees and professionals in other class positions in future studies are recommended.

 

La prolétarisation fait référence à la subordination de la main-d’œuvre salariée aux propriétaires du capital. Cette enquête évalue l’ampleur de la prolétarisation des employés professionnels sur la base d’une série distincte d’enquêtes nationales sur la population active en général au Canada entre 1982 et 2016. Les employés professionnels non-cadres sont distingués des professionnels occupant d’autres postes (par ex. employeurs professionnels, travailleurs indépendants et gestionnaires professionnels) avec lesquels ils ont été confondus dans la plupart des recherches antérieures. Les résultats suggèrent une prolétarisation croissante des employés professionnels au cours de cette période en termes de perte d’autonomie professionnelle et de participation à la prise de décision organisationnelle, ainsi que d’augmentation du sous-emploi et d’attitudes politiques plus critiques. Mais il existe également des preuves d’une augmentation des qualifications et du développement de « l’intellect général » chez les employés plus traditionnels de la classe ouvrière, ainsi que d’un sous-emploi encore plus étendu. Les implications de la convergence entre la prolétarisation des employés professionnels, en tant que « nouvelle classe ouvrière », et les qualifications et les conditions de travail perçues des autres travailleurs salariés non-cadres dans les « économies du savoir » émergentes sont discutées. Des distinctions plus soigneuses entre les employés professionnels non-cadres et les professionnels occupant d’autres postes de la classe dans les études éventuelles sont recommandées.
How to define and optimize axial resolution in light-sheet microscopy: a simulation-based approach
Authors: Remacha Elena , Friedrich Lars , Vermot Julien , Fahrbach Florian O.
Published: December 2019

“How thick is your light sheet?” is a question that has
been asked frequently after talks showing impressive renderings of 3D
data acquired by a light-sheet microscope. This question is motivated
by the fact that most of the time the thickness of the light-sheet is
uniquely associated to the axial resolution of the microscope.
However, the link between light-sheet thickness and axial resolution
has never been systematically assessed and it is still unclear how
both are connected. The question is not trivial because commonly
employed measures cannot readily be applied or do not lead to easily
interpretable results for the many different types of light sheet.
Here, we introduce a set of intuitive measures that helps to define
the relationship between light sheet thickness and axial resolution by
using simulation data. Unexpectedly, our analysis revealed a trade-off
between better axial resolution and thinner light-sheet thickness. Our
results are surprising because thicker light-sheets that provide lower
image contrast have previously not been associated with better axial
resolution. We conclude that classical Gaussian illumination beams
should be used when image contrast is most important, and more
advanced types of illumination represent a way to optimize axial
resolution at the expense of image contrast.
Enhanced cladding pump absorption of ytterbium-doped double cladding fiber with internally modified cladding structures
Authors: Liu Rui , Yan Dapeng , Chen Ming , Wang Jianming , Shi Jianhong , Zhu Qixin
Published: December 2019

We report an ytterbium-doped 20/400 µm double cladding fiber with an internally modified circular inner cladding. Through four fluorine-doped (F-doped) low refractive index quartz rods embedded into the inner cladding, the cladding pump absorption is considerably increased by 1.5 times. It is found that stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) threshold improves after using shorter fiber lengths. More than 2.1 kW laser output with good beam quality (M2 = 1.38) has been obtained with a suitable pump power injected, and the slope efficiency of the all-fiber laser oscillator is about 75.4%, when pumped at 915 nm. The present results suggest that low refractive index quartz rods embedded into the inner cladding proves to be an effective way for enhanced cladding pump absorption even with a circular inner cladding, which facilitates fiber splicing and provides a novel and robust fiber design of industry grade ytterbium-doped double cladding fibers for high power fiber laser applications.
MoS2/graphene heterostructure incorporated passively mode-locked fiber laser: from anomalous to normal average dispersion
Authors: Liu Huanhuan , Li Zilong , Song Wei , Yu Ye , Pang Fufei , Wang Tingyun
Published: December 2019

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials for ultrafast photonic applications have attracted significant attention in recent years. 2D nanocomposites are of great interest because of their capability to combine the merits of each nanomaterial. In this work, we have demonstrated erbium-doped mode-locked fiber lasers that incorporate MoS2/graphene heterostructure based saturable absorbers (SAs) from anomalous to normal average dispersion for the first time. The modulation depth, the saturation intensity, and the non-saturable absorption of the MoS2/graphene heterostructure are measured to be 12.4%, 12.7 MW/cm2 and 28%, respectively. By incorporating this particular MoS2/graphene heterostructure based SA, the mode-locked fiber lasers can produce stable pulse trains at anomalous, near-zero, and normal average dispersion. At an anomalous average dispersion of -0.181 ps2, the Kelly sidebands are found to be superimposed on the optical spectrum, and a stable soliton pulse train has been measured with a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼73 dB in the radio frequency spectrum. At a near-zero average dispersion of -0.082 ps2, a Gaussian-like optical spectrum has been observed where the narrowest pulse width is ∼837 fs. At normal average dispersion of + 0.041 ps2, the steep-edge optical spectrum has been produced, indicating that dissipative solitons have been generated. The obtained results prove that a MoS2/graphene heterostructure is an ideal SA in mode-locked fiber lasers for ultrashort pulse generation from anomalous to normal average dispersion.
Hell house or something more? Horror, abjection and mental illness
Authors: Sheldon Zachary
Published: December 2019

Many theorists argue that abjection is at the core of the experience and fascination of the horror genre. Abjection relates to the simultaneous attraction and revulsion that audiences feel around the horrific, gory or disturbing subjects that comprise the focus of horror films. Some recent horror media have centred on the gendered components of abject theory, notably the relationship of a mother to her children, as well as the stigma surrounding mental illness. These films transform motherhood into an abjection tied intimately to depression and ultimately suggest ways for audiences to make sense of both depression and conceptions of abject motherhood. This article examines Netflix's ) for its contribution to this ongoing discussion, arguing that the series takes advantage of the camera's ability to surveil its subjects in order to suggest ways that a mother's abjection and mental illness suffuse the network of familial and social relations that she is caught up in. In this, the series' horrific surveillance of its characters provides varying discursive resources with which the audience may evaluate and act regarding their own experiences of depression and abject motherhood.
The science fiction horror: Alien, George R. R. Martin's Nightflyers and the surveillance of women
Authors: Marotta Melanie A.
Published: December 2019

The subgenre of the science fiction horror has a lengthy history, one that is purported to begin with Mary Shelley's novel, Frankenstein (1818). In Shelley's novel, the body is a space in which a man enacts his ambitions. Significantly, the female voice that was so prominent in the novel disappears in later adaptations including Danny Boyle's National Theatre production examined here. In the science fiction horror film of the later twentieth century, the monstrosity appears famously in what is now a franchise. Ridley Scott directs Alien (1979), a renowned haunted ship mystery (territory of the horrific). When she is not defending herself from attacks, Ripley must contend with her objectification by Ash, the corporation's representative and by the rest of the crew. A new addition to the science fiction horror subgenre is Syfy channel's adaptation of George R. R. Martin's Nightflyers. Unbeknownst to the crew of the Nightflyer, the former captain of the ship, Cynthia, has had her consciousness transferred to the ship and she is watching everyone. Like Ripley, the Nightflyer's female characters – Agatha, Melantha and Cynthia – are subjected to others' fear of the unknown, namely the changing roles for women and how that will impact their societal construction. Here, I will examine the body on display. This essay is primarily interested in the female characters and whether or not they are empowered or violated by the act of looking or violated.
Horror body as a bodily manifestation of visibility: 87 ore by Costanza Quatriglio
Authors: Cesaro Laura
Published: December 2019

Taking as a starting point the recent surge in film and television narratives constructed around and by surveillance technologies, as a metaphor of an omnipotent observation and dystopian motif in narrating a political and cultural change, this article aims to probe how surveillance movies suggest complex phenomenological dynamics in the relationships between body and device. While recent contributions on surveillance films () focus on the practice of body control as a narrative mode, as an image and a show (; ), recent sociological contributions on surveillance recognize the destruction and annihilation of body placed under the aegis of the Great Eye (; ). This article examines Costanza Quatriglio's film to describe the transition from bodies as narrative object to de-naturalizing the human body. The film narrates the night of 4 August 2009 when Mastrogiovanni, a 58-year-old primary school teacher, dies after 87 hours of agony following imprisonment. The film, in the canon of 'reality cinema', consists of 75 minutes of mechanical images recorded from above.
Obcość, obojętność, okrucieństwo
Authors: Środa Magdalena
Published: December 2019

Celem tego tekstu jest po pierwsze zastanowienie się nad możliwymi przyczynami obojętnościmoralnej; po drugie rozróżnienie jej dwóch rodzajów: obojętności biernej i obojętnościsprawczej, będącej warunkiem niezbędnym (?) okrucieństwa. Ten pierwszy rodzaj, bardziejpospolity, to brak reakcji na zło, krzywdę i cierpienie innego człowieka, ten drugi, to obojętnośćoparta na przekonaniu, że cierpiący i krzywdzony w ogóle nie jest człowiekiem; jestpoza sferą podmiotowości, odpowiedzialności, wrażliwości i winy.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPTICAL TESTING TECHNOLOGY OF PCM STRUCTURES BY FIBER-OPTIC SENSORS
Authors: Fedotov M. Yu. , Budadin O. N. , Kozelskaya S. O.
Published: December 2019

The ways of development of optical control technology of polymer composite materials structures by fiber-optic sensors during production and operation are described and investigated. A mathematical model describing the process of PCM monitoring using fiber optic sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings, clarifying the parameters of a mathematical model by experimentally determining the sensitivity coefficient of fiber optic sensors integrated in PCM, makes it possible to reduce the error in measuring strain by 5 – 7 times. The interaction in the system fiber-optic sensors – PCM and found that the integration of fiber-optic sensors based on quartz fibers in PCM, there is a partial destruction of the protective acrylate shell, which leads to the effect of microslip, which does not significantly affect the quality of measurements and can be compensated for by calibration. The requirements for the placement of fiber-optic sensors in the PCM at the manufacturing stage, including the formation of the input / output zone are formulated. The technology of optical non-destructive testing of composite materials with fiber-optic sensors is described, taking into account the features of the interaction of fiber-optic sensors with composite structures.
On the Origins of the Very First Principle as Infinite: The Hierarchy of the Infinite in Damascius and Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
Authors: Ottobrini Tiziano F.
Published: December 2019

This paper discusses the theoretical relationship between the views of Damascius and those of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. While Damascius’ De principiis is a bold treatise devoted to investigating the hypermetaphysics of apophatism, it anticipates various theoretical positions put forward by Dionysius the Areopagite. The present paper focuses on the following. First, Damascius is the only ancient philoso­pher who systematically demonstrates the first principle to be infinite (traditional Greek thought tended to regard the arkhē as finite). Second, Damascius modifies the concept and in several important passages shows the infinite to be superior and prior to the finite (previously this assumption was held only by Melissus and, sporadically, by Gregory of Nyssa and Plotinus). Third, Damascius’ theory of being (infinite, endless and ultrarational) is the strongest ancient articulation of the nature of the One which is a clear prefiguration of the negative theology developed by Dionysius the Areopagite.
Von Kurland nach Kamtschatka. Lebensweg und wissenschaftliche Laufbahn von Friedrich Christian Pleißner (1707–1779) in Russland
Authors: Bereznitsky Sergey , Kulikov Victor
Published: December 2019

Der Aufsatz untersucht die Biografie und die wissenschaftlichen und organisatorischen Tätigkeiten von Friedrich Christian Pleißner (1707–1779) auf der Grundlage von Archivquellen, veröffentlichten Materialien und Arbeiten von Forschern des 18.–21. Jahrhunderts. Pleißner wurde in Kurland geboren, diente in den 1730er Jahren in der Reitergarde in Sankt Petersburg, nahm an der zweiten Kamtschatka-Expedition 1741/42 teil, reiste mit Vitus Bering an die Küste Nordamerikas, zeichnete Karten und Pläne für Seehäfen, malte Landschaften, einheimische Einwohner und Meerestiere. In den 1760er Jahren regierte Pleißner den Ostrog Anadyr, den Hafen Ochotsk und die riesige Region Ochotsk-Kamtschatka. Er sammelte ethnografische, historische und kartografische Materialien über Tschukotka, Kamtschatka, die Kurilen sowie Inseln des Pazifiks und des Arktischen Ozeans. Pleißner leistete damit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Entwicklung der russischen Wissenschaft. Ihm war es zu verdanken, dass die ethnografische Ainu-Sammlung von den Kurilen in die Kunstkammer gebracht wurde. Erstmals werden im vorliegenden Artikel Auszüge aus den Briefen Friedrich Pleißners an Gerard Friedrich Miller sowie dem historischen und ethnografischen Manuskript Pleißners über das Ostrog Anadyr und die nordöstliche Region Russlands des 17.–18. Jahrhunderts wissenschaftlich ausgewertet.
The Development of Skill Knowledge in Conservation
Authors: Brückle Irene
Published: December 2019

In conservation, the practical ability to implement treatment on objects of cultural heritage requires skills as an essential part of conservation expertise and constitutes an fundamental part of learning in conservation education. The acquisition of practical skills, which include cognitive and practical elements, is governed by laws that are primarily explained by means of organizational psychology and medicine where they have evolved in the form of step models. Stages of explicit and implicit knowledge are distinguished as well as factual-theoretical and practical-performative knowledge. Forms of learning are, in addition to guided learning, the experiment, the emergency, case studies and implicit forms of problem solving. The development of the expert can also be traced by the development of practical skills in five stages from beginner to expert. The stages of skills acquisition can be explained by reference to the European Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning (EQF) and the skill levels defined by the European Confederation of Conservator-Restorers’ Organizations (E.C.C.O.).
EFFECTS OF SMOKING WITH DIFFERENT WOOD CHIPS AND BARBECUING ON SOME PROPERTIES OF SALMON FISH
Authors: OZ Emel
Published: December 2019

In the present study, the
effects of smoking with different wood chips and barbecuing on some properties (moisture
content, pH value and lipid oxidation) of salmon fish were investigated. The
smoking process was carried out by cold smoking method using five different
wood chips: oak, apple, bourbon soaked oak, cherry and hickory. The lowest
moisture content was determined in the samples smoked with bourbon soaked oak
wood chips. Smoking and barbecuing caused an increase in the pH values and the
highest pH value was determined in the samples smoked with hickory wood chips.
In addition, both processes had a significant effect on TBARS value of salmon (P
<0.05). Wood chip types showed both antioxidant and prooxidant effects in
the present study. The lowest TBARS values in smoking and barbecuing processes
were determined in the samples smoked with hickory wood chips.
Sperm enter glands of preovulatory bovine endometrial explants and initiate inflammation
Authors: Akthar Ihshan , Suarez Susan S , Morillo Vernadyn A , Sasaki Motoki , Ezz Mohamed A , Takahashi Ken-ichi , Shimada Masayuki , Marey Mohamed A , Miyamoto Akio
Published: December 2019

We previously reported that sperm binding to cultured monolayers of bovine uterine epithelial cells induces an acute inflammatory response involving the Toll-like receptor (TLR2) signaling pathway. This response serves to clear the uterus of sperm and thereby prepares the endometrium for implantation. The endometrium is lined by surface epithelial cells; however, epithelial cells also line uterine glands. To investigate the source of the immune response, we used an explant model. Explants of bovine endometrium were incubated with bull sperm illuminated by JC1 fluorescent labeling in their mitochondria. The sperm glided over the surface epithelium until they encountered and entered uterine glands, where they remained. Scanning electron microscopy of explants revealed polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in uterine glands along with sperm. In the absence of sperm, PMNs were not seen in glands. The incubation of sperm with explants resulted in an acute inflammatory response, seen as the upregulation of mRNA expression of IL8, TNFA, IL1B, PGES and TLR2 in whole explants, as well as increased TNFA protein expression in uterine glands. TLR1/2 antagonist reduced sperm numbers in the glands and inhibited the increase of TNFA. Our observations suggest that uterine glands serve as a site where sperm interact with the uterine epithelium to trigger the innate immune response to clear excess sperm from the uterus.