bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards an Open and Accessible Sound and Audiovisual Archives
Authors: Chisita Collence Takaingenhamo , Chinyemba Forbes Z.
Published: May 2019

Sound and audiovisual archives are critical media for the storage and preservation of an institution or a country’s intellectual and cultural heritage. As the world moves towards the knowledge economy it becomes imperative for all countries to prioritise the proper management of sound and audiovisual archives as a way to preserve cultural capital for posterity. This paper will examine the strategies that are in place to facilitate easier access to sound and audiovisual archives. The writers will also explore the dynamic nature of users with diverse with regards to basic and digital literacy. It will also highlight the challenges that the country’s National Archives is encountering in the management of sound and audiovisual archives. It will highlight the factors that are impeding proper management of sound and audiovisual archives at the National Archives of Zimbabwe. It will examine the aspect of sustainability with regards to providing access to sound and audiovisual archives. The article will explore the prospects for migrating from traditional to online access. It will also explore the aspect of collaboration through Public and Private Sector Partnership to facilitate wider and easier access to sound and audio archives. The treatise will also explore the prospects for migrating towards digital technology. It will also come up with recommendations to improve access to sound and audiovisual archives in Zimbabwe.
Legacy Collections, Their Value and Their Accessibility
Authors: Koch Grace
Published: May 2019

Legacy Collections, Their Value and Their Accessibility
Unearthing the Underground, Databasing the Avantgarde, and Mapping the Independent Media Community
Authors: Mattock Lindsay Kistler , Wentworth Kara
Published: May 2019

Unearthing the Underground, Databasing the Avantgarde, and Mapping the Independent Media Community
Securing Audio Transfer
Authors: Gabler Sebastian
Published: May 2019

Securing Audio Transfer
Editorial
Authors: Lyons Bertram
Published: May 2019

During this year’s IASA conference in Washington, DC at the Library of Congress, I noticed continued discussion of trends that are ever-looming in our feld: (1) digital video care and management improvements and (2) increased access demands for digital audiovisual collections. We are required to be agile in our ability to provide effortless access to audiovisual archives in the digital landscape; and simultaneously, we are challenged to design long-term storage infrastructure for the preservation of exponentially growing collections of the biggest (in terms of bytes) digital content in existence—high defnition digital audio and digital video objects. At the core of our work, while we are attending to the many details of audiovisual archives, most of us are still laying dependable infrastructure for digital preservation of and versatile access to our ever-growing digital archives. This is the reality in which we operate today.
Innovation and Human Failure in Small-Scale Audiovisual Archives
Authors: Jähnechen Gisa , Musib Ahmad Faudzi , Homsombat Thongbang , Meddegoda Chinthaka Prageeth , Mei Xiao
Published: May 2019

Based on several previous studies presented at IASA annual conferences (2001, 2005, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017) this paper intends to summarize long-term outcomes with a focus on the innovation needed in the digital era and the possible human failure in small-scale archives such as those the authors work with in Asia. In this paper, all authors[1] follow their specific question with the purpose of contributing to an analytic view on how technology collides with or creates a sense of community. Our emphasis is on sharing positive experiences and encouraging others by honestly discussing possible failures due to various conditions. Embedding these possible failures into a wider context is part of a mutual learning process.

At the same time, each author will address a different clientele of stakeholders such as educational institutions, governmental decision makers, academia, occasional users, and the AV archivists themselves.

[1] The authors know each other and have networked through the activities of the panel organizer in all these institutions over the last two decades.
The Importance of Memories in the Transmedia Era
Authors: Gervasio Ariane
Published: May 2019

This article draws attention to memories in social media through transmedia storytelling, a concept that was widely observed by Jenkins (2003) and Scolari (2013). The study emphazises an expanding personal presence on the Internet from a historical point of view, showing how the presentation of individuality and social media features changed and influenced the experience of revisiting individual and collective memories, such as selfie memories.
Archiving the Digital RAI Collection of Traditional Folk Culture
Authors: Pacetti Ettore , Floris Daniela
Published: May 2019

For twenty years, RAI Teche, the RAI structure of Italian Broadcast that includes all the RAI archives, has been committed to bringing to the attention of an ever-wider public the most representative components of the historical, social, and cultural evolution of our country in its collections.

The activity of recovering and enhancing RAI's audiovisual heritage is taking a fundamental step with the launch of a recovery project devoted specifically to Italian folklore. It is intended to highlight a significant documentary complex of research activity that marks a new era for the study of Italian folk traditions and thus becomes a compulsory passage for any possibility to understand the phenomenon.

From this first step was born the need to create a publication space—a website: http://www.teche.rai.it/archivio-del-folclore-italiano/—that would be a specific reference to a fundamental aspect of Italian cultural identity, and an effective tool for sharing and exchanging funds and resources with other audiovisual archives.
Ka Mua, Ka Muri—Looking Back to Look Forward
Authors: Love Valerie
Published: May 2019

The Alexander Turnbull Library has been managing unpublished born-digital content through the National Digital Heritage Archive (NDHA) since 2008, and has been continually reviewing and refining these workflows over the years since. This paper, based on a presentation at the 2017 International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives (IASA) annual conference held in Berlin, Germany, will explore the changing practice at the Alexander Turnbull Library, using oral history and sound collections as case studies for the acquisition, appraisal, description, and access to born-digital collections, including a few lessons learnt along the way.
From International Shortwave to Digital Rebroadcast
Authors: Conway Paul , Askew Kelly
Published: May 2019

In January 2015, the US government agency Voice of America loaned the Leo Sarkisian Music Library to the University of Michigan with the goal of digitizing and providing access to the materials for research and teaching. Transfer created an archive where once existed a longstanding music resource that supported all aspects of the production of the VOA’s Music Time in Africa radio program. The archive encompasses sound recordings and type-scripts of the radio program (1965-2004), along with extensive recordings of live musical performances made by Leo Sarkisian in his travels through Africa or by African staff trained by Leo Sarkisian to make professional quality recordings on his behalf—often at the radio stations he helped establish. This article describes the Music Time in Africa radio broadcast and then contextualizes efforts to provide access to the digitized recordings in terms of the nature of the post-modern archive, performance studies, and the repatriation of musical heritage resources found in archives. The article concludes with a reflection on the complexities of providing access to digital recordings of international radio and the author’s efforts to explore opportunities for digital repatriation through rebroadcast on social media, which in many ways shares the underlying characteristics of the radio broadcast medium itself.
Interview with Robyn Holmes 2016 ASRA Award Recipient
Authors: Barrie Melinda
Published: May 2019

In 2016, Australian academic and musicologist Robyn Holmes received the Australasian Sound Recordings Association ASRA Award for excellence in the documentation and the dissemination of Australian music. Robyn talks to ASRA Board Member, Melinda Barrie, about her long and varied career in the field of music performance, teaching, and online distribution of Australia’s sound culture. She recalls her diverse interest in sound from the classical to new music, and how she has never forgotten her first day of teaching when an audio cassette - which was relatively new technology at the time - unravelled itself and she had to revert to using vinyl records. However, it was not long after this early experience that Robyn recognised the potential of audio recordings and the power of collections in teaching and learning. It is these early interactions with analogue sound media which can be credited with stimulating her lifelong passion and advocacy for Australia’s recorded sound heritage.
Tribute: Claes Cnattingius
Authors: Schuursma Rolf , Scharlau Ulf
Published: May 2019

Claes Cnattingius, honorary member of IASA, died in Stockholm on March 6, 2018.
Musings on the Importance of Harnessing the Power of the Internet to Improve Access to Soundtracks
Authors: Meddeb Sami , Fortin Louis
Published: May 2019

In the last century, information creation has exploded; more books, newspapers, magazines than ever before; radio shows, recorded music, movies, TV shows, continuous live news, user generated web content, 3D, virtual reality, games, hybrid media types mixing genres and recycling older data, and the list goes on and on. With the digital revolution, this phenomenon of information creation, mixing, recycling, and sharing is ever expanding. Because of the power of the Internet, it has never been so easy to create, save, and share information that will seemingly last forever.
Moving Image User-Generated Description
Authors: Benoit Edward A
Published: May 2019

This article explores temporal influences on compressive social tagging generation for archival moving image materials through a quasi-experimental study. Forty participants tagged the same video segmented into differing lengths. Analysis of the resulting data found the average number of user-generated tags is influenced by the length of the video within moving image collections. Specifically, the average tagging rate for a short video was higher than its lengthier counterpart.
Host–guest interactions in nor-seco-cucurbit[10]uril: novel guest-dependent molecular recognition and stereoisomerism
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Wu Wei , Tao Zhu , Ni Xin-Long
Published: May 2019

The unique monomer and excimer fluorescence emissions of pyrene were first exploited as distinctly photophysical signals to identify the possible diastereomers of guests within nor-seco-cucurbit[10]uril (NS-CB[10]) cavities. Further experiments revealed that balancing the hydrophilic and hydrophobic effects of the guest in aqueous solution can improve the molecular recognition and binding ability of NS-CB[10].
WASP-4b Arrived Early for the TESS Mission
Authors: Bouma L. G. , Winn J. N. , Baxter C. , Bhatti W. , Dai F. , Daylan T. , Désert J.-M. , Hill M. L. , Kane S. R. , Stassun K. G. , Villasenor J. , Ricker G. R. , Vanderspek R. , Latham D. W. , Seager S. , Jenkins J. M. , Berta-Thompson Z. , Colón K. , Fausnaugh M. , Glidden Ana , Guerrero N. , Rodriguez J. E. , Twicken J. D. , Wohler B.
Published: May 2019

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) recently observed 18 transits of the hot Jupiter WASP-4b. The sequence of transits occurred 81.6 ± 11.7 s earlier than had been predicted, based on data stretching back to 2007. This is unlikely to be the result of a clock error, because TESS observations of other hot Jupiters (WASP-6b, 18b, and 46b) are compatible with a constant period, ruling out an 81.6 s offset at the 6.4σ level. The 1.3 day orbital period of WASP-4b appears to be decreasing at a rate of

ms per year. The apparent period change might be caused by tidal orbital decay or apsidal precession, although both interpretations have shortcomings. The gravitational influence of a third body is another possibility, though at present there is minimal evidence for such a body. Further observations are needed to confirm and understand the timing variation.
Calculation of the Uncertainties in the Planetary Precessions with the Recent EPM2017 Ephemerides and their Use in Fundamental Physics and Beyond
Authors: Iorio Lorenzo
Published: May 2019

I tentatively compile the formal uncertainties in the secular rates of change of the orbital elements a, e, I, Ω, and ϖ of the planets of the solar system from the recently released formal errors in a and the nonsingular elements h, k, p, and q estimated for the same bodies with the EPM2017 ephemerides by E. V. Pitjeva and N. P. Pitjev. The highest accuracies occur for the inner planets and Saturn in view of the extensive use of radiotechnical data collected over the last decades. For the inclination I, node Ω and perihelion ϖ of Mercury and Mars, I obtain accuracies

, while for Saturn they are

. As far as the semimajor axis a is concerned, its rates for the inner planets are accurate to the

level, while for Saturn I obtain

. In terms of the parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) parameters β and γ, a formal error as little as

for the Hermean apsidal rate corresponds to a ≃2 × 10−7 bias in the combination

parameterizing the Schwarzschild-type periehlion precession of Mercury. The realistic uncertainties of the planetary precessions may be up to one order of magnitude larger. I discuss their potential multiple uses in fundamental physics, astronomy, and planetology.
Carbon Detonation Initiation in Turbulent Electron-degenerate Matter
Authors: Fisher Robert , Mozumdar Pritom , Casabona Gabriel
Published: May 2019

SNe Ia play a critical role in astrophysics, yet their origin remains mysterious. A crucial physical mechanism in any SN Ia model is the initiation of the detonation front that ultimately unbinds the white dwarf progenitor and leads to the SN Ia. We demonstrate, for the first time, how a carbon detonation may arise in a realistic three-dimensional turbulent electron-degenerate flow, in a new mechanism we refer to as turbulently driven detonation. Using both analytic estimates and three-dimensional numerical simulations, we show that strong turbulence in the distributed burning regime gives rise to intermittent turbulent dissipation that locally enhances the nuclear burning rate by orders of magnitude above the mean. This turbulent enhancement to the nuclear burning rate leads in turn to supersonic burning and a detonation front. As a result, turbulence plays a key role in preconditioning the carbon–oxygen fuel for a detonation. The turbulently driven detonation initiation mechanism leads to a wider range of conditions for the onset of carbon detonation than previously thought possible, with important ramifications for SNe Ia models.
The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mass Fraction on a 10 pc Scale in the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Chastenet Jérémy , Sandstrom Karin , Chiang 江 I-Da 宜達 , Leroy Adam K. , Utomo Dyas , Bot Caroline , Gordon Karl D. , Draine Bruce T. , Fukui Yasuo , Onishi Toshikazu , Tsuge Kisetsu
Published: May 2019

We present maps of the dust properties in the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds (SMC, LMC) from fitting Spitzer and Herschel observations with the Draine & Li dust model. We derive the abundance of the small carbonaceous grain (or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; PAH) component. The global PAH fraction (

, the fraction of the dust mass in the form of PAHs) is smaller in the SMC (

%) than in the LMC (

%). We measure the PAH fraction in different gas phases (H ii regions, ionized gas outside of H ii regions, molecular gas, and diffuse neutral gas). H ii regions appear as distinctive holes in the spatial distribution of the PAH fraction. In both galaxies, the PAH fraction in the diffuse neutral medium is higher than in the ionized gas, but similar to the molecular gas. Even at equal radiation field intensity, the PAH fraction is lower in the ionized gas than in the diffuse neutral gas. We investigate the PAH life-cycle as a function of metallicity between the two galaxies. The PAH fraction in the diffuse neutral medium of the LMC is similar to that of the Milky Way (∼4.6%), while it is significantly lower in the SMC. Plausible explanations for the higher PAH fraction in the diffuse neutral medium of the LMC compared to the SMC include: more effective PAH production by fragmentation of large grains at higher metallicity, and/or the growth of PAHs in molecular gas.
The Transiting Multi-planet System HD15337: Two Nearly Equal-mass Planets Straddling the Radius Gap
Authors: Gandolfi Davide , Fossati Luca , Livingston John H. , Stassun Keivan G. , Grziwa Sascha , Barragán Oscar , Fridlund Malcolm , Kubyshkina Daria , Persson Carina M. , Dai Fei , Lam Kristine W. F. , Albrecht Simon , Batalha Natalie , Beck Paul G. , Justesen Anders Bo , Cabrera Juan , Cartwright Scott , Cochran William D. , Csizmadia Szilard , Davies Misty D. , Deeg Hans J. , Eigmüller Philipp , Endl Michael , Erikson Anders , Esposito Massimiliano , García Rafael A. , Goeke Robert , González-Cuesta Lucía , Guenther Eike W. , Hatzes Artie P. , Hidalgo Diego , Hirano Teruyuki , Hjorth Maria , Kabath Petr , Knudstrup Emil , Korth Judith , Li Jie , Luque Rafael , Mathur Savita , Rodríguez Pilar Montañes , Narita Norio , Nespral David , Niraula Prajwal , Nowak Grzegorz , Palle Enric , Pätzold Martin , Prieto-Arranz Jorge , Rauer Heike , Redfield Seth , Ribas Ignasi , Skarka Marek , Smith Alexis M. S. , Rowden Pamela , Torres Guillermo , Van Eylen Vincent , Vezie Michael L.
Published: May 2019

We report the discovery of a super-Earth and a sub-Neptune transiting the star HD 15337 (TOI-402, TIC 120896927), a bright (V = 9) K1 dwarf observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) in Sectors 3 and 4. We combine the TESS photometry with archival High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher spectra to confirm the planetary nature of the transit signals and derive the masses of the two transiting planets. With an orbital period of 4.8 days, a mass of

and a radius of 1.64 ± 0.06 R
⊕, HD 15337 b joins the growing group of short-period super-Earths known to have a rocky terrestrial composition. The sub-Neptune HD 15337 c has an orbital period of 17.2 days, a mass of

, and a radius of 2.39 ± 0.12 R
⊕, suggesting that the planet might be surrounded by a thick atmospheric envelope. The two planets have similar masses and lie on opposite sides of the radius gap, and are thus an excellent testbed for planet formation and evolution theories. Assuming that HD 15337 c hosts a hydrogen-dominated envelope, we employ a recently developed planet atmospheric evolution algorithm in a Bayesian framework to estimate the history of the high-energy (extreme ultraviolet and X-ray) emission of the host star. We find that at an age of 150 Myr, the star possessed on average between 3.7 and 127 times the high-energy luminosity of the current Sun.
Resolving the Radio-loud/Radio-quiet Dichotomy without Thick Disks
Authors: Garofalo David
Published: May 2019

Observations of radio-loud active galaxies in the XMM-Newton archive by Mehdipour and Costantini show a strong anti-correlation between the column density of the ionized wind and the radio-loudness parameter, providing evidence that jets may thrive in thin disks. This is in contrast with decades of analytic and numerical work suggesting that jet formation is contingent on the presence of an inner, geometrically thick disk structure, which serves to both collimate and accelerate the jet. Thick disks emerge in radiatively inefficient disks that are associated with sub-Eddington as well as super-Eddington accretion regimes, yet we show that the inverse correlation between winds and jets survives where it should not; namely, in a luminosity regime normally attributed to radio-quiet active galaxies that are modeled with thin disks. This, along with other lines of evidence, argues against thick disks as the foundation behind the radio-loud/radio-quiet dichotomy, opening up the possibility that jetted versus non-jetted black holes may be understood within the context of radiatively efficient thin disk accretion.
Episodically Active Asteroid 6478 Gault
Authors: Jewitt David , Kim Yoonyoung , Luu Jane , Rajagopal Jayadev , Kotulla Ralf , Ridgway Susan , Liu Wilson
Published: May 2019

We present imaging and spectroscopic observations of 6478 Gault, a ∼6 km diameter inner main-belt asteroid currently exhibiting strong, comet-like characteristics. Three distinct tails indicate that ultra-slow dust (ejection speed 0.15 ± 0.05 m s−1) was emitted from Gault in separate episodes beginning UT 2018 October 28 ± 5 (Tail A), UT 2018 December 31 ± 5 (Tail B), and UT 2019 February 10 ± 7 (Tail C), with durations of ΔT ∼ 10–20 days. With a mean particle radius

200 μm, the estimated masses of the tails are M

A
 ∼ 4 × 107 kg, M

B
 ∼ 6 × 106 kg, and M

C
 ∼ 6 × 105 kg, respectively, and the mass-loss rates from the nucleus are 20–40 kg s−1 for Tail A, 4–6 kg s−1 for Tail B, and ∼0.4 kg s−1 for Tail C. In its optical colors Gault is more similar to C-type asteroids than to S-types, even though the latter are numerically dominant in the inner asteroid belt. A spectroscopic upper limit to the production of gas is set at 1 kg s−1. Discrete emission in three protracted episodes effectively rules out an impact origin for the observed activity. Sublimation driven activity is unlikely given the inner-belt orbit and the absence of detectable gas. In any case, sublimation would not easily account for the observed multiple ejections. The closest similarity is between Gault and active asteroid 311P/(2013 P5), an object showing repeated but aperiodic ejections of dust over a 9 month period. While Gault is 10 times larger than 311P/(2013 P5), and the relevant timescale for spin-up by radiation torques is ∼100 times longer, its properties are likewise most consistent with episodic emission from a body rotating near breakup.
Biomechanics of LASIK Flap and SMILE Cap: A Prospective, Clinical Study
Authors: Khamar Pooja , Shetty Rohit , Vaishnav Ravish , Francis Mathew , Nuijts Rudy M.M.A. , Sinha Roy Abhijit
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE:

To analyze the acute effect of flap cut in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) eyes and cap cut in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) eyes on corneal biomechanical properties of patients undergoing surgery.

METHODS:

This was a prospective, interventional, longitudinal case series. Forty-eight eyes of 24 patients underwent contralateral LASIK and SMILE. Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) measurements were performed preoperatively, intraoperatively, and 1 week and 1 month after surgery. In LASIK eyes, the flap was cut but not lifted before intraoperative measurements. In SMILE eyes, the cap and side cut incision were made before intraoperative measurement. Thirty biomechanical variables were analyzed, assuming multiple comparisons.

RESULTS:

In LASIK and SMILE eyes, 36.7% and 13.3% of the total number of variables detected biomechanical weakening after flap and cap cuts (
P
= .02), respectively. Further, 13.3% and 40% of the total variables detected no biomechanical changes after flap and cap cut, respectively (
P
= .03). These acute biomechanical effects of flap and cap cuts did not influence 1-week and 1-month measurements (
P
> .05) because both LASIK and SMILE eyes showed similar biomechanical weakening.

CONCLUSIONS:

Flap and cap cuts induced biomechanical weakening in patient corneas. The flap caused more weakening than the cap intraoperatively. However, biomechanical differences between LASIK and SMILE eyes were similar after removal of tissue and ongoing wound healing.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(5):324–332.]
Effect of Cyclotorsion Compensation With a Novel Technique in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction Surgery for the Correction of Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Xu Jiping , Liu Fang , Liu Manli , Yang Xiaonan , Weng Shengbei , Lin Limian , Lin Haiqin , Xie Yi , Liu Quan
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE:

To comparatively investigate the clinical outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery with or without cyclotorsion compensation for the correction of myopic astigmatism.

METHODS:

This prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial included patients who underwent SMILE surgery with bilateral myopic astigmatism. Two eyes of a single patient were randomly divided into the static cyclotorsion compensation (SCC) group and the control group. In the SCC group, the intraoperative cyclotorsion was manually compensated with a novel technique. In the control group, the cyclotorsion was not compensated. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, aberrations, objective visual quality, and contrast sensitivity were measured preoperatively and postoperatively.

RESULTS:

A total of 132 eyes from 66 patients were analyzed at the 3-month follow-up. The mean preoperative cylinder values in the SCC and control groups were −1.52 ± 0.81 and −1.57 ± 0.82 diopters (D), respectively. The mean cyclotorsion during surgery was 0.60° ± 0.63° (range: 0° to 3.2°) in the SCC group and 3.21° ± 2.33° (range: 0.1° to 10.8°) in the control group (
P
< .001). Both groups showed favorable results in the correction of myopic astigmatism. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in visual and refractive outcomes, vector parameters, entire eye aberrations, objective visual quality, or contrast sensitivity. No significant benefit was gained from cyclotorsion compensation, even in the high astigmatism subgroup.

CONCLUSIONS:

The cyclotorsion compensation technique used in this study helped minimize the alignment error but was not compulsory because the ocular rotation in SMILE surgery using a well-controlled position was too small to affect the astigmatic outcomes or postoperative visual quality.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(5):301–308.]
Financial frictions, trends, and the great recession
Authors: Guerron-Quintana Pablo A. , Jinnai Ryo
Published: May 2019

We study the causes behind the shift in the level of U.S. GDP following the Great Recession. To this end, we propose a model featuring endogenous productivity à la Romer and a financial friction à la Kiyotaki–Moore. Adverse financial disturbances during the recession and the lack of strong tailwinds post‐crisis resulted in a severe contraction and the downward shift in the economy's trend. Had financial conditions remained stable during the crisis, the economy would have grown at its average growth rate. From a historical perspective, the Great Recession was unique because of the size and persistence of adverse shocks, and the lackluster performance of favorable shocks since 2010.
Communication and behavior in organizations: An experiment
Authors: Evdokimov Piotr , Garfagnini Umberto
Published: May 2019

We design a laboratory experiment to study behavior in a multidivisional organization. The organization faces a trade‐off between coordinating its decisions across the divisions and meeting division‐specific needs that are known only to the division managers, who can communicate their private information through cheap talk. While the results show close to optimal communication, we also find systematic deviations from optimal behavior in how the communicated information is used. Specifically, subjects' decisions show worse than predicted adaptation to the needs of the divisions in decentralized organizations and worse than predicted coordination in centralized organizations. We show that the observed deviations disappear when uncertainty about the divisions' local needs is removed and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms.
Rapid Karst Development in an English Quartzitic Sandstone
Authors: Self Charles A. , Mullan Graham J.
Published: May 2019

Na izdankih Fellskih peščenjakov v pokrajini Northumberland v Angliji, se pojavlja več kraških oblik, med njimi tudi jame. Kraške oblike so nastale v holocenu, saj je bilo območje v Devenzijski hladni dobi pokrito z ledenikom. Predvidevamo, da je nastanek teh oblik povezan z incepcijo tektonske dejavnosti in hitro arenizacijo (selektivnim preperevanjem vlažnih) kamnitih površin. V članku razpravljamo tudi o omejenosti splošno sprejetih definicij termina kras. Many karst features, including caves, have been found in the outcrop of the Fell Sandstone in Northumberland, England. These features are Holocene in age, since the area was glaciated during the Devensian cold stage. It is suggested that tectonic inception and selective arenisation of rock faces that remain damp are responsible for these karst features. The limitations of textbook definitions of the term karst are discussed.
Composition and tocopherol, fatty acid, and phytosterol contents in micro-endosperm ultra-high oil corn
Authors: Li Q. , Tang X. , Lu S. , Wu J.
Published: May 2019

China has developed a new oil crop, micro-endosperm ultra-high oil corn, approved by the government in 2011 and named Huajian No. 1 (HJ-1). This study analyzed the nutrients in HJ-1 cold-pressed whole-seed oil, their composition and contents in tocopherols, fatty acids, and phytosterols and compares them with those of seven selected vegetable oils. HJ-1 oil contained α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol, with contents of 433.25 ± 0.13, 26.27 ± 0.08, 570.69 ± 0.27, and 38.41 ± 0.005 mg/kg, respectively, the highest nutritional values among the vegetable oils studied, except for soybean and palm oils. Gas chromatography was used for fatty acid analysis and seven were detected, with the main ones being palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids. In HJ-1, the ratio of oleic to linoleic acid was close to 1:1, and b-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol were present with contents of 254.20 ± 0.11, 108.91 ± 0.19, and 105.67 ± 0.58 mg/kg, respectively.
Predicting the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Intelligent Techniques to Reduce CO2 Emissions
Authors: Ghayeb H. H. , Razak H. A. , Sulong N.H. R. , Hanoon A. N. , Abutaha F. , Ibrahim H. A. , Gordan M. , Alnahhal M. F.
Published: May 2019

The contribution to global CO2 emissions from concrete production is increasing. In this paper, the effect of concrete mix constituents on the properties of concrete and CO2 emissions was investigated. The tested materials used 47 mixtures, consisting of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) type I, coarse aggregate, river sand and chemical admixtures. Response surface methodology (RSM) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithms were employed to evaluate the mix constituents at different levels simultaneously. Quadratic and line models were produced to fit the experimental results. Based on these models, the concrete mixture necessary to achieve optimum engineering properties was found using RSM and PSO. The resulting mixture required to obtain the desired mechanical properties for concrete was 1.10-2.00 fine aggregate/cement, 1.90-2.90 coarse aggregate/cement, 0.30-0.4 water/cement, and 0.01-0.013 chemical admixtures/cement. Both methods had over 94% accuracy, compared to the experimental results. Finally, by employing RSM and PSO methods, the number of experimental mixtures tested could be reduced, saving time and money, as well as decreasing CO2 emissions.
Equity and the distribution of rehabilitation personnel in one health district in the Western Cape
Authors: Struthers P.
Published: May 2019

This paper describes a situation analysis of the rehabilitation personnel, employed by the state and non-governmental organisations, and the services available for people with disabilities in one health district in Cape Town. The recurrent cost of employing the rehabilitation personnel is analysed to determine how funding is allocated within the district. The results indicate that most expenditure on personnel is at two state institutions in the district, with 76% of the expenditure at the regional psychiatric hospital and its residential facility for people with a profound intellectual disability. The balance - 24% of expenditure - is the cost of employing rehabilitation personnel who provide a district level service. Seventy percent of this district level expenditure is at one special school that accepts 6% of children with disabilities in the district. A high percentage of intellectually disabled children and adults, with or without physical disabilities, do not have access to rehabilitation. There is minimal expenditure on employing rehabilitation personnel at the community heath centre. The only expenditure on community based rehabilitation is provided by the non-governmental organisation. The study demonstrates the inequitable distribution of funding for rehabilitation services within one relatively well-resourced health district and makes recommendations to facilitate change.
An evidence-based review of hyperbaric oxygen for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Bischof F. M.
Published: May 2019

This paper reviews the evidence in the literature for the use of hypebaric oxygen (HBO) in the treatment of cerebral palsy (CP). To date there are only two published studies on the outcome of HBO administration in CP. A pilot study showed significant improvement in gross motor function but provided a low level of evidence. A recent multicentre, double blind, placebo controlled trial reported similar improvements in both HBO and placebo groups, but no difference between the groups. This study had a high level of evidence. The results suggest that participation in the trial produced clinically important gains in function. The outcome of the study implies that HBO may have a placebo effect in CP.
Awakening a sleeping giant
Authors: Eales C. J.
Published: May 2019

No abstract available.
The use of arnica for the treatment of soft-tissue damage
Authors: Bauer C. M. , Weight L. , Lambert M. I.
Published: May 2019

There is growing anecdotal evidence of the use of homeopathy among sports participants. Arnica Montana [also known as Leopard ’s Bane] is frequently used as a prophylactic agent both before and after long distance running in the belief that it reduces delayed onset muscle soreness [DOMS]. There is equivocal evidence of its efficacy. The lack of convincing scientific proof is a major reason for homeopathy not being embraced by the medical community. The aim of this review is to discuss the principles of homeopathy in general, followed by a more detailed analysis of the use of arnica in the treatment of soft tissue trauma. Clinical trials published since 1982 were identified using the Medline database. Based on these data it was concluded that there is no overwhelming evidence that treatment with a homeopathic remedy, specifically Arnica Montana, consistently reduces the severity of, or the rate of, healing of soft tissue damage.
Portos do agronegócio e produção territorial da cidade de Itaituba, na Amazônia Paraense
Authors: Rodrigues Jondison Cardoso , Rodrigues Jovenildo Cardoso , Lima Ricardo Angelo Pereira de
Published: May 2019

O Brasil, na primeira década do século XXI, foi um dos principais países do mundo com significativas canalizações (destinos) de investimentos estrangeiros e especulativos, ligados, sobretudo, ao agronegócio; e, que penetraram em diversas regiões do território nacional. A Amazônia foi uma das regiões que mais foi canalizado esses “investimentos”; imprimidos como um projeto político hegemônico de desenvolvimento do agronegócio, de construção de um espaço de expansão agrícola e de fluidez territorial. O Oeste do Pará constitui um dos espaços de materialização dessa política escalar hegemônica, com planejamentos e a construção de projetos de infraestrutura, cujos complexos portuários são as maiores fontes materializadas. Assim, o objetivo do artigo é analisar a territorialização do agronegócio e as transformações territoriais resultantes da produção dos complexos portuários no município e na cidade de Itaituba, oeste do estado do Pará, a partir dos anos de 2013.
Agronegócio em áreas de fronteira: uma relação possível
Authors: Conte Cláudia Heloiza
Published: May 2019

Áreas de fronteira são, historicamente, caracterizadas pelo desenvolvimento de atividades terciárias. O desenvolvimento econômico de tais espaços esteve, desde a gênese da maior parte das fronteiras brasileiras, atrelado a atividades comerciais. Com características singulares em relação a seus Estados nacionais, as fronteiras não contaram com uma agropecuária evidenciada, o que fortaleceu a ideia de que a atividade não faz parte da dinâmica econômica desta porção do país. No entanto, algumas áreas de fronteira tem no agronegócio uma atividade importante, a exemplo do município gaúcho de Uruguaiana, que tem na rizicultura e na pecuária suas principais atividades econômicas. A partir disso, o objetivo deste trabalho é de apresentar e discutir a dinâmica do agronegócio em Uruguaiana.
Desenvolvimento capitalista e a produção do espaço agrário amazônico
Authors: Herrera José Antonio
Published: May 2019

O desenvolvimento capitalista interfere no espaço de modo a configurar as relações sociais e de produção. Para além da dicotomia agricultura familiar e agronegócio, tem-se no espaço agrário brasileiro distintas formas de produção configuradas pelo interesse e intensidade do capital na exploração. Entre os anos 2012 e 2016, pautado na leitura do espaço geográfico, analisou-se a interferência do capital em cento e cinquenta (150) unidades de produção na Amazônia Paraense. Em resposta a lógica capitalista, foram verificados cinco (05) grupos de produtores, desde o mais integrado ao capital até a tradicional produção familiar, ratificando a hipótese do capital polimórfico ao interferir e explorar o espaço agrário.
Territorialização no extremo sul da Bahia e conflitos socioambientais: disputando modelos de educação e desenvolvimento
Authors: Ferreira Caroline Lins Ribeiro , Pereira Kelci Anne , Logarezzi Amadeu José Montagnini
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar o contexto do extremo sul da Bahia e compreender como são gerados os conflitos socioambientais relacionados aos embates entre antagônicos projetos de desenvolvimento do campo, no processo de territorialização camponesa e seu enfrentamento contra as indústrias de papel e celulose. Com base na revisão de literatura e nas entrevistas realizadas com sujeitos deste território, pudemos caracterizar confrontos entre antagônicos modos de fazer agricultura e o tipo de educação sustentado por eles, bem como seus impactos na formação de sociedades sustentáveis.
Magnetic dipolarizations inside geosynchronous orbit with tailward ion flows
Authors: Sun Xiaoying , Liu Weining William , Duan Suping
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Electromagnetic field and plasma data from the Time History of Events and
Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) near-Earth probes are used
to investigate magnetic dipolarizations inside geosynchronous orbit on
27 August 2014 during an intense substorm with AEmax∼1000 nT. THEMIS-D (TH-D) was located inside geosynchronous orbit around
midnight in the interval from 09:25 to 09:55 UT. During this period, two
distinct magnetic dipolarizations with tailward ion flows are observed by
TH-D. The first one is indicated by the magnetic elevation angle increase from
15 to 25∘ around 09:30:40 UT. The tailward perpendicular velocity is
V⊥x∼-50 km s−1. The second one is presented by
the elevation angle increase from 25 to 45∘ around 09:36 UT, and the
tailward perpendicular velocity is V⊥x∼-70 km s−1. These two significant dipolarizations are accompanied
with the sharp increase in the energy flux of energetic electron inside
geosynchronous orbit. After a 5 min expansion
of the near-Earth plasma sheet (NEPS), THEMIS-E (TH-E) located outside geosynchronous orbit also detected this tailward expanding plasma sheet with ion flows of −150 km s−1. The dipolarization propagates tailward
with a speed of −47 km s−1 along a 2.2 RE distance in the
X direction between TH-D and TH-E within 5 min. These dipolarizations with tailward ion flows observed inside geosynchronous orbit indicate a new
energy transfer path in the inner magnetosphere during substorms.
DISCUSSION ON RESTORATION DESIGN OF LANDSCAPE SITE BASED ON 3DTERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING : A CASE STUDY OF QIWANG HALL IN SUMMER PALACE, BEIJING, CHINA
Authors: Zhang L. , Wang A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In recent years, new technologies have been developed and applied in the field of heritage conservation, such as Three-dimensional-terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). The academia pays more attention to the heritages which remain relatively intact, but neglects those destroyed. Research on information collection and restoration of sites helps to better protect the damaged sites and deepen people's understanding of the value of heritage. This study will conduct a detailed survey of the status quo of the site, providing basic information for the protection of the site. At the same time, the existing archives and documents are excavated and sorted out, and the restoration research of Qiwang Hall is carried out on the basis of the site and archives, which can make up for the shortcomings of the previous research and provide a reference of methods for the relevant research.
FORGOTTEN ARCHITECTURE: SMART TOOLS FOR CULTURAL TOURISM IN THE CLOISTER OF THE PRIOR (SANTA MARIA DELLE GRAZIE, MILAN)
Authors: Bolognesi C. , Aiello D.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. This paper describes the relationship among an important nineteenth-century monument, the Cloister of the Prior (located in the convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan), its survey and the technical integration of different cultural information to be enjoyed in VR and AR during its visit. In this context, the surveying techniques have to face the problem related to the presence of white and smooth surfaces and the difficulty in obtaining a good result in the 3D modelling. Various tests have been performed to create a good point cloud from the photogrammetric survey of the cloister, conducted through the use of different camera lenses or post production interventions applied to the images, in order to obtain the best results. The 3D modelling is not only a base for creating virtual and augmented experiences (that, through digital contents, explain to the distracted public the history of this less known part of the monument) but also a starting point for possible further studies focused on the modifications that affected the cloister over the centuries.
LE CORBUSIER’S APARTMENT-STUDIO : 3D MODEL DATA OF PRELIMINARY RESEARCH FOR THE RESTORATION
Authors: Bruez M. , Gandini B. , Groux D.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Fondation Le Corbusier and A-BIME have collaborated to collect, analyse and organize preliminary research data for the restoration of the Le Corbusier’s apartment-studio in Paris using a methodology based in a 3D model. This work, developed by A-BIME since 2014, has been financed by Fondation Le Corbusier thanks to a “Keeping it modern Grant”, giving by the Getty Foundation. The aim is to have faster and easier access to various data of the building by using a clear and documented digital graphic document.For each step, the archives provided by the architect and the companies have been studied to understand and know the nature and quality of materials, technical arrangements and their on-site implementation. A study on technical installations and isolation as be provided as well by investigation in the apartment. By switching between the documents and the images, the know-how increases along with the development of the 3D model; the architectural elements have been drawn and modelled from the archive data and from the survey and diagnostic phase.The numerical construction, based on precast elements, follows the pioneering efforts of specialized architects with the BIM (Building Information Model) technology. Thanks to the .IFC format the model has been imported in several software in order to proceed structural and hydrothermal simulations. The results have been used has guidelines by the Fondation Le Corbusier to forecast the consequences of restoration choices.
BUILDING SURVEY AND ENERGY MODELLING: AN INNOVATIVE RESTORATION PROJECT FOR CASA DEL FASCIO IN COMO
Authors: Buda A. , Mauri S.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Historic buildings are fragile systems to be managed and protected during time: in the task of heritage restoration, efficiency improvement interventions should enable a more sustainable building conservation and use. Such measures might be defined within the combination of building survey and energy performance simulation. A good knowledge of materials and physics characteristics is fundamental to weigh correctly any improvement intervention. This can be supported also by documentary research and diagnostics, to detect existing resources and conservation issues. However, how to match all collected qualitative and quantitative data with a building energy model is still an open question. Energy simulation alone gives a partial vision of heritage needs, excluding information which do not affect the thermal performance of the model; on the contrary, a whole building approach is necessary for defining restoration interventions. With the aim of suggesting a methodology to combine both fields of investigation, a case study has been chosen to our purpose: Giuseppe Terragni’s Casa del Fascio (1936). A multidisciplinary process with the combination of building survey, monitoring campaign, on-site investigation and energy modelling has been functional to the understanding of the real building needs and the definition of interventions. Furthermore, the analysis has given to the rediscover of Terragni’s microclimatic control system (not more existing), leading to the choice of reinventing - in a modern way – the existing devices (as curtains), well-balanced on building needs.
3D INTEGRATED SURVEYS AND STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS FOR A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS. A CASE-STUDY OF THE FRANCISCAN MONASTERY AND THE IMMACOLATA CHURCH IN TROINA, SICILY
Authors: Campisi M. T. , Giuliano S. , Liuzzo M.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The study presents the results of the application of a multidisciplinary methodology for a deeper understanding of historical buildings. 3D integrated surveys and stratigraphic methods can together make it possible to date the principle construction and evolution phases of historical buildings for which a thorough historical documentation does not exist for our time.The case-study presented involves the Franciscan monastery and adjacent Immacolata church in Troina, which is a small medieval town located in the north-eastern part of Sicily.The small number of historical records has only allowed for the dating of the monastery's foundation and of a few of transformation phases. Contrarily to this, various markings on the surfaces of the walls indicate rather the presence of numerous construction phases.The inaccessibility of parts of the internal spaces, as well as the existence of a sharp incline of the road and of very high walls along scant sections of the road, are the reasons for having chosen to carry out a 3D laser-scanning survey campaign. It made it possible to document the overall area and the relationship between the different parts of the complex. The integration between 3D laser scanning and photo-modelling methods made it possible to highlight the details, anomalies, traces and signs of the stratifications over time. The results of this integrated survey were explained in a series of graphic elaborations in support to the following stratigraphic investigation, to put in order the numerous traces discovered.