bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substances and Methods Prohibited for Use in Sport: Object or Means of Committing Crimes?
Authors: Syntin A. V.
Published: September 2022

Countering doping in modern sport plays an important role. In order to effectively apply various types of legal liability, it is necessary to determine what substances and methods are prohib­ited in sport. Since the advent of full-fledged anti-doping rules (1967), the list of such substances and methods, as well as the doping control system, have been dynamically changing. The anti-doping system received significant development after the formation of the World Anti-Doping Agency (1999). For the purposes of bringing to criminal responsibility, there is a list, initially somewhat reduced, sub­sequently substantially supplemented. The legislator's decision to create a special list raises questions. Therefore, the Author considers various approaches to such substances and methods and determines their place in the crime. In the first part of the work, prohibited substances and methods are analyzed and their characteristics are given. In the second part, the Author explores the need for a specific list of prohibited substances or methods for the purpose of criminalizing anti-doping rule violations. In ad­dition, it distinguishes between narcotic, psychotropic, potent substances, on the one hand, and prohib­ited substances, on the other. The Author comes to the conclusion that the existence of a special list for the purposes of implementing Art. 2301 and 2302 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is inap­propriate due to the specifics of the acts themselves, as this limits the possibility of being held liable for the use of analogues of substances. In the third part of the work, the Author explores the understanding of prohibited substances or methods as the subject of a crime. It is concluded that to consider prohibited substances or methods as the subject of crimes under Art. 2301 and 2302 of the Criminal Code of the Rus­sian Federation is impossible, since the crime is not directly directed at them. Accordingly, in the fourth part of the work it is substantiated that such substances and methods constitute the means of committing a crime. As a result, the Author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to change the legislative regulation of criminal liability for violation of anti-doping rules.
Integration as a Trend in the Development of the Institute of Special Knowledge in Criminal Proceedings Involving Minors
Authors: Medvedeva A. S.
Published: September 2022

The article considers complexing as a significant trend in the genesis of the institution of special knowledge in criminal proceedings involving minors. The phenomenon under study is defined as the combination by one person of two or more procedural functions and/or special knowledge to provide a multilateral assessment of the circumstances important for the criminal case and the individual characteristics of the minor. Four historical stages of the formation of the domestic institution of special knowledge in criminal proceedings involving minors are identified and presented. It is concluded that this institution has gone the way of development from the situational involvement of a few knowledgeable persons through the use of special knowledge by law enforcement officers themselves with the optional involvement of knowledgeable persons to the established practice of producing comprehensive examinations (in which the commission is not a mandatory property) and the active involvement of various knowledgeable persons, in particular, a teacher and a psychologist. Actual situations are considered in which the minority of the participants in the criminal process, along with their individual characteristics (psychophysiological, cultural, religious, linguistic and others), entails the need to combine procedural functions and / or special knowledge. The results of an empirical study conducted by the Author of the article under the guidance of Candidate of Legal Sciences, Docent E. V. Elagina (questionnaire survey of 161 investigators and 116 prosecutors on the involvement of knowledgeable persons in pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases involving minors) are presented; it is shown that in most cases respondents note the leading role of a psychologist in the production of investigative actions with children and adolescents. It is also noted that the functions traditionally implemented by the teacher do not meet the goals of his involvement in the criminal process, and therefore it is necessary to exclude the possibility of such involvement. A general conclusion is made that, when complexing, the first place should be given to special psychological knowledge, since it is psychologists who are competent in assessing a number of phenomena significant for criminal proceedings (for example, emotional and behavioral reactions of minors). The Author proposes a method for optimal integration of procedural functions and / or special knowledge in a criminal process involving minors – the use of special knowledge by a law enforcement officer or the combination of two or more functions by one knowledgeable person. It is shown that the proposed method will reduce the number of persons in contact with a minor and reduce the psychological burden on him.
Public Administration in the Field of Public Health Protection in the New Paradigm of Public Authority: Problems of Correlation Between Constitutional and Administrative Law Regulation
Authors: Epifanova E. V.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of correlation between the constitutional-legal and administrative-legal regulation of public administration in the field of public health protection in the system of social administration. The purpose of the article is to identify the relationship between the subject of regulation of constitutional and administrative law in the field of public administration in terms of health protection in the system of social administration, to identify its distinctive features. The goal was achieved with the help of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, dialectical, his­torical and legal method) and the formal legal method. State administration is carried out constantly, regardless of the presence or absence of a constitution in a particular state, other constitutional acts, and even in the absence of constitutional ideas, as was the case in Russia until the 19th century. The concept of administrative and legal regulation of public administration in the field of public health in modern conditions is based on constitutional norms on the right of citizens to health protection and medical care (Article 41 of the current Constitution of the Russian Federation), as well as on the norms on the organization of public power in the Russian Federation. Analyzing the content of the legal literature, the current legislation, the Author came to the conclusion that for the analysis of the correlation between the concepts of constitutional and legal and administrative-legal regulation in the field of health care, the provisions of Art. 71 and 72 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. In particular, assigning the organization of public authority to the federal center, the Constitution of the Russian Federation thereby predetermines the principles of organization of the public administration system in the field of health care. In addition, Art. 71 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation leaves the federal authori­ties in charge of establishing a unified legal framework for the healthcare system, which is being trans­formed into legislative and subordinate regulation, including issues of managing the healthcare system. Administrative law, due to the wide possibilities of operational by-law regulation, is characterized by taking into account the latest achievements in the natural and human sciences in industry standards, sometimes faster than the legislator does.
Some Issues of Terminating a Criminal Case
Authors: Derishev Yu. V. , Chekmezova E. I. , Tuleva D. D. , Kiseleva M. V. , Kozlovskiy P. V.
Published: September 2022

This publication continues the experience of covering the work of the Scientific and Meth­odological Council under the Prosecutor of the Omsk Region, among the main tasks of which remains the development and discussion, together with representatives of legal science, of sound recommenda­tions on problematic issues of prosecutorial supervision, legislation and law enforcement practice, legal advisory opinions on issues arising in prosecutorial practice. In this regard, the article proposes to dis­cuss certain topical problems of law enforcement practice raised at one of the last meetings of the Scien­tific and Methodological Council under the Prosecutor of the Omsk Region. Thus, based on a systematic analysis of errors in the implementation of the institution of a judicial fine, it is proposed to provide prosecutors with systematic supervision over compliance with the requirements of the law when it is ap­plied, which requires a more thorough study of criminal cases, as well as a proper initiative to establish the circumstances associated with the application of a judicial fine, and timely challenging unfounded court decisions. In addition, the practice of law enforcement highlights the fundamental problem of a unified interpretation of the grounds for terminating a criminal case (criminal prosecution) against a person who has committed an act prohibited by criminal law in a state of insanity. Based on the analy­sis of legal situations and various approaches to their resolution, the article argues for the need to make a decision on the studied criminal cases on the grounds of paragraph 4 of part 1 of Art. 24 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in connection with the death of a person involved in criminal proceedings. In other similar situations, but related to the criminal prosecution of these persons, the deci­sion must be made taking into account the specific circumstances of the criminal case.
Mobile Money Taxation and Informal Workers: Evidence from Ghana’s E-Levy
Authors: Akua Anyidoho Nana , Gallien Max , Rogan Mike , van den Boogaard Vanessa
Published: September 2022

The use of digital financial services, including money transfers and mobile money, have expanded widely in lower-income countries in the past decade; 47 per cent of the population of sub-Saharan Africa (548 million) had a registered mobile money account in 2020, with 29 per cent of those accounts representing active users (Andersson-Manjang and Naghavi 2021: 8). Among lower-income countries for which data is available, the average number of mobile money accounts is more than double the number of commercial bank accounts. In many lower-middle-income countries, mobile money usage is the same or more than commercial bank usage (Bazarbash et al. 2020). Alongside this growth, governments have increasingly sought to tax DFS, rooted in deeper discussions about the role that technology can play in increasing tax revenue and strengthening overall state capacity (Fan et al. 2020; Okunogbe and Santoro 2021). While capturing revenue from DFS can come from many sources, mobile money taxes in particular have often been introduced due to the untapped revenue potential and the relatively convenient and easy nature of the tax handle (Lees and Akol 2021a) – particularly in relation to, say, corporate income taxes on financial service providers. As noted above, the search for revenue is often closely linked to a desire to capture revenue from workers in the informal economy, who are often framed as tax evaders.
Persönlichkeit von Pen & Paper-Rollenspielern
Authors:   , Wagner Felix Stefan
Published: September 2022

Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit den Persönlichkeitsunterschieden zwischen Spielern von Pen & Paper-Rollenspielen (n = 483) und einer Vergleichsstichprobe (n = 225). Ziel der Studie war es, herauszufinden, inwiefern in den Medien gängige Vorurteile gegenüber Spielern von Pen & Paper-Rollenspielen gerechtfertigt sind. Dafür wurden Maße für die Big Five, Risikobereitschaft, Autoritarismus und Intelligenz erhoben. Weiterhin wurden allgemeine Motive sowie Motive für das Spielen von Pen & Paper-Rollenspielen erfasst. Die Hypothesen besagten unter Anderem, dass Spieler entgegen gängiger Vorurteile keine höhere Ausprägung auf dem Merkmal Neurotizismus zeigen würden, dass ihre Risikobereitschaft während des Spielens höher als außerhalb des Spiels sein würde und dass gemeinschaftliche Motive beim Spielen von Pen & Paper- Rollenspielen im Vordergrund stehen würden. Mit Hilfe von t-Tests zeigte sich kein Unterschied bezüglich der Merkmale Neurotizismus und Verträglichkeit. Die Merkmale Offenheit für Erfahrungen sowie Extraversion waren bei Pen & Paper-Rollenspielern stärker ausgeprägt als in der Vergleichsstichprobe, Gewissenhaftigkeit war schwächer ausgeprägt. Weiterhin schnitten die Spieler in einem Intelligenztest besser ab und zeigten niedrigere Werte für das Merkmal Autoritarismus. Die allgemeine Risikobereitschaft war bei Spielern niedriger ausgeprägt als bei Nicht-Spielern, dafür zeigten die Spieler eine signifikant höhere Risikobereitschaft während des Spielens von Pen & Paper-Rollenspielen. Insgesamt bestätigten sich klassische Vorurteile gegenüber Pen & Paper-Spielern nicht.
Usos de Drogas: Representações Sociais dos Profissionais de Saúde Mental de um CAPS AD do Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Janderson Carneiro de , Bertoni Luci Mara
Published: September 2022

Neste artigo, analisamos as representações sociais que os profissionais de saúde mental têm acerca dos usos de substâncias psicoativas. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com os profissionais de saúde de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Outras Drogas (CAPS AD), sendo os dados analisados com base na Análise de Conteúdo. Dessas análises, emergiram três categorias reflexivas: a) “Drogas: um olhar dos profissionais do CAPS AD”; b) “Legalização versus criminalização das drogas: o que os profissionais de saúde mental têm a dizer?”; c) “Modelos de tratamento: Redução de Danos versus abstinência”. Os profissionais revelaram dificuldades em trabalhar com a abordagem da Redução de Danos e não apresentam uma posição consolidada a respeito da legalização e criminalização das drogas. Apesar das limitações, este estudo serve como um objeto de reflexão, tendo em vista que propõe uma reorientação das práticas assistenciais em saúde mental.
Centros de Atenção Psicossocial segundo Seus Usuários: Uma Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Rocha Patrícia Lorena Resende , Pegoraro Renata Fabiana , Próchno Caio Cesar Souza Camargo
Published: September 2022

Introdução: Os centros de atenção psicossocial (CAPS) são serviços abertos voltados para o atendimento de pessoas em sofrimento psíquico grave. Este artigo traçou um panorama sobre a percepção de usuários sobre os CAPS. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura desenvolvida a partir da consulta às bases SciELO Brasil e LILACS, resultando na análise de 12 referências. Resultados: Duas temáticas se destacaram nos artigos publicados de 2009 a 2019: (1) CAPS como local de tratamento e (2) Pontos que necessitam de melhora. Discussão: Os artigos apontam satisfação do usuário com o serviço, principalmente em relação ao vínculo com a equipe, e insatisfação com a ambiência, no que tange à estrutura física. Conclusão: O vínculo com a equipe e os problemas na estrutura física dos CAPS são os pontos mais sensíveis apontados pelos usuários e merecem ser avaliados pelos municípios como forma de fortalecer a adesão ao serviço. Palavras-chave:  centro de atenção psicossocial, avaliação de serviços, saúde mental
Religiosidade/Espiritualidade na Prática em Enfermagem: Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Cunha Vivian Fukumasu da , Almeida Amanda Amaral de , Pillon Sandra Cristina , Fontaine Anne Marie Germaine , Scorsolini-Comin Fabio
Published: September 2022

Introdução: Embora a dimensão religiosa/espiritual seja um dos vértices do cuidado em saúde, tem despertado dúvidas quanto à sua operacionalização na prática profissional. Objetivo: Compreender de que modo a religiosidade/espiritualidade (R/E) está presente na atuação profissional em Enfermagem. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura científica realizada em seis bases de dados/bibliotecas do campo da saúde, incluindo artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2021. Resultados e Discussões: O corpus foi composto por 21 estudos, em sua maioria qualitativos (85,72%), com primeiro autor brasileiro (57,15%). A R/E se faz presente na prática em Enfermagem, de maneira que algumas atitudes, disposições e comportamentos parecem indispensáveis para o cuidado religioso/espiritual e alguns contextos parecem mais propícios para tal integração. Conclusão: O lugar que a R/E ocupa dentro da Enfermagem ainda não está consolidado, existindo diversos questionamentos e dilemas éticos em aberto. Recomenda-se a realização de estudos que possam oferecer evidências para a prática em termos da incorporação dessa dimensão no cuidado em saúde.
Sentidos Atribuídos à Satisfação Sexual por Trabalhadoras do Sexo
Authors: Couto Pablo Luiz Santos , Pereira Samantha Souza da Costa , Porcino Carle , Silva Dejeane de Oliveira , Vilela Alba Benemérita Alves
Published: September 2022

Objetivou-se compreender os sentidos atribuídos à satisfação sexual por mulheres que vivenciam o trabalho sexual. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, fundamentado nas abordagens fenomenológicas de Sartre e Heidegger. Foi realizado com 30 trabalhadoras sexuais da região do Alto Sertão Produtivo Baiano. Evidenciou-se que as mulheres têm os sentidos sobre satisfação sexual estruturados na dimensão financeira em interface à autoestima e ao ato sexual, explicadas a partir das experiências aprendidas, enquanto são/estão inseridas no serviço sexual. Esses sentidos revelam que o prazer em conexão ao dinheiro é a sobrevivência e subsistência. Já o orgasmo propriamente dito remete à autoestima e às emoções sentidas por quem nutre afeto. Essas nuances mostram que o serviço sexual é, além de ofício, o contexto que permite a elas ser/estar em um espaço com possibilidades de vivências multifacetadas, como a liberdade sexual, em uma temporalidade que é reflexo de subjetividades que extrapolam o determinismo natural.
Psychometric Evidence of the Online Version of the Coping Scale of Hospitalization, Illness and Treatment − Parents Version (COPHAT-P)
Authors: Lins Cristiane de Almeida , Amaral Jodi Dee Hunt Ferreira do , Silva Andressa Melina Becker da , Andrade André Luiz Monezi
Published: September 2022

Hospitalizations can be stressful for children, adolescents, and their parents, thus requires assessment and proper management. This study’s objective was to provide psychometric validation of the online version of the Escala Coping da Hospitalização, Adoecimento e Tratamento − Versão para Pais (COPHAT-P) [Coping Scale of Hospitalization, Illness and Treatment – parents version (COPHAT-P)]. A total of 98 Brazilian parents/legal guardians of hospitalized or previously hospitalized children participated. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire along with the COPHAT-P and the Escala de Coping da Hospitalização − versão para cuidadores (COPE-H-Cuidador) [Hospitalization Coping Scale – caregiver version (COPE-H-Caregiver)]. Confirmatory Factor Analysis did not indicate a good fit. Three factors were extracted from the Exploratory Factor Analysis, which were further supported by network analyses. Convergent validity of the online version of the COPHAT-P was supported by its associations with the COPE-H-Caregiver, except for the “maladaptive coping” dimension. The online version of the COPHAT-P had high internal consistency (α=0.94). In sum, the online version of the COPHAT-P demonstrates satisfactory validity evidence.
Análise das Emergências e Proveniências das Práticas de Promoção de Saúde Realizadas em um Serviço de APS
Authors: Mattioni Fernanda Carlise , Rocha Cristianne Maria Famer , Faria Mateus Aparecido de
Published: September 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar como se constituíram as práticas de Promoção da Saúde na Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS), a partir do referencial teórico foucaultiano. Realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa, de inspiração genealógica, na qual entrevistamos 23 trabalhadores. A análise possibilitou a identificação do momento histórico em que surgiram as práticas de Promoção da Saúde (emergências), bem como as condições que possibilitaram que tais práticas fossem constituídas (proveniências) na APS. Para a discussão dos dados, foram acionados os referenciais teóricos da Promoção da Saúde e dos estudos foucaultianos. Os resultados são apresentados a partir de três períodos históricos. As décadas de 1980/1990 foram marcadas pela redemocratização e constituição de cidadãos de direitos. Nesse período, as práticas de Promoção da Saúde se caracterizavam majoritariamente pela participação comunitária na luta por direitos. Os anos 2000 foram marcados pela emergência das políticas públicas na área da saúde. Esse período teve como razão política a governamentalidade neoliberal democrática, que influenciou a constituição de práticas de Promoção da Saúde direcionadas à adoção de hábitos e comportamentos saudáveis por indivíduos e comunidades. O período de 2016 até a atualidade é marcado pela austeridade fiscal e pelo recrudescimento das políticas públicas, tendo como razão política a governamentalidade neoliberal conservadora ou autoritária. Essa configuração representa uma diminuição da quantidade e do escopo das práticas de Promoção da Saúde realizadas no serviço de APS pesquisado.
Updated study of peripartum cardiomyopathy and preeclampsia
Authors: Kamajaya I Gusti Ngurah Agung Trisnu , Ariyana Made Bagus Dwi
Published: September 2022

HIGHLIGHTS
1. Cardiovascular disease that occurs during pregnancy is the peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM).2. Literature on the association between preeclampsia (PE) and PPCM was reviewed.3. It was not certain whether PE is the independent risk factor of PPCM or an early predictor of PPCM development.
 
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This paper aims to review the literature related to peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) and preeclampsia (PE) in order to know their frequency and relationship and the current knowledge on their pathophysiology and management.
Materials and Methods: The articles reviewed in this study were primary clinical studies published around 2016 and 2021, retrieved using Google Scholar and PUBMED databases. After several evaluations, 14-full-text studies written in English were examined.
Results: Overall prevalence of PE in PPCM cases varied, about 9.9% - 44% in the individual studies. The lactation hormone prolactin and placental-derived anti-angiogenic factor soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), which had been known to be able to cause cardiac dysfunction, were elevated in both PE and PPCM. This partly explained the pathophysiology that the incidence of concurrent PE in women diagnosed with PPCM was four times more than that in the general population.
Conclusion: Epidemiologic studies showed significant overlap between PE and PPCM patients. However, there were not enough good quality data to fully draw conclusions about the relationship between PE and PPCM, whether PE as the independent risk factor of PPCM or an early predictor of PPCM development.
Inflammatory markers in lean Polycystic Ovary Syndrome subjects are not associated with the spectrum of dyslipidemia
Authors: Atnil Elisia , Hestiantoro Andon , Riayati Oki , Febri Ririn Rahmala , Muna Naylah
Published: September 2022

HIGHLIGHTS
1. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) might be a condition of chronic low degree inflammation and dyslipidemia.2. Association between inflammation markers and dyslipidemia in PCOS patients was investigated.3. Dyslipidemia and chronic low degree inflammation were present in lean PCOS patients, but inflammation markers related insignificantly with dyslipidemia.
 
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aimed to address the detailed lipid profile in lean woman with PCOS and investigate the relationship between chronic low grade inflammation (using NLR, PLR, and monocyte/HDL ratio) and dyslipidemia (defined as total cholesterol level > 190 mg/dL).
Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted from June – December 2020 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, involving 45 women aged 18 – 35 years old, diagnosed as having PCOS with normal BMI (18.5 – 22.9 kg/m2). To compare quantitative variables, data analysis was carried out using the t-test or Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate; whereas, to compare categorical variables, the Chi-square test was used.
Results: We found that although the median BMI was within normal limits at 21.48 kg/m2, the mean values of the lipid profiles were found to be either abnormal or borderline, indicating the high possibility of dyslipidemia. No statistically association between NLR, PLR and MHR with dyslipidemia.
Conclusion: Dyslipidemia and chronic low-grade inflammation were found in lean PCOS subjects, but there was no significant association between inflammation markers (NLR, PLR and MHR) and dyslipidemia. Further studies should investigate other factors that cause the inflammation.
Increased vulvovaginal candidiasis incidence risk in various gestational ages at a private midwifery practice in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Cilik Regina Martina , Sandhika Willy , Faizah Zakiyatul
Published: September 2022

HIGHLIGHTS
1. Hormonal changes during pregnancy lead to the presence of vulvovaginal candidiasis.2. Increased incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in different pregnancy trimesters were analyzed.3. Frequency of vulvovaginal candidiasis tends to increase along with the gestational age.
 
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze whether there was an increase in the incidence risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis at various gestational ages.
Materials and Methods: A study examined vaginal smears of pregnant women at a private midwifery practice Farida Hadjri, Surabaya, Indonesia. A total sample of 96 patients was taken by the consecutive sampling method, consisting of 32 patients each from the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester of pregnancy.y The smear was examined using Gram stain at Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Daerah Jawa Timur to detect the presence of fungi elements. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test with 95% confidence interval to investigate whether there was an increased risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis and gestational age.
Results: There was an increased risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis and increased gestational age (p < 0.05). This result was related to the hormonal status of pregnant women. An increase in estrogen level during pregnancy leads to an increase in glycogen production by vaginal epithelial cells, which cause the vaginal environment to become more susceptible to fungal growth.
Conclusion: There was increased vulvovaginal candidiasis incidence risk along with gestational age. Pregnancy is one of the predisposing factors for candida infection.
Calcium serum concentration among pregnant women in a tertiary hospital and its satellite hospital in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Khoiri Muhammad Agung , Lumbanraja Sarma N , Aldiansyah Duddy , Siregar M. Fidel Ganis , Sitepu Makmur , Tala M. Rhiza
Published: September 2022

HIGHLIGHTS
1. Serum calcium concentration in pregnant women who took prenatal appointments in the general hospital and its satellite hospitals were evaluated.2. It was found that serum calcium concentration in those pregnant women who made the prenatal appointments were normal.
 
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate serum calcium concentration in pregnant women who made prenatal appointments to Obstetric and Gynecologic Outpatient Clinics at Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia, and its satellite hospitals.
Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive study with a case series approach. The case series of the study included 35 pregnant women in their second or third trimester chosen by consecutive sampling method.
Results: The mean calcium serum level of pregnant women in the second and third trimester was 9.12±0.49 mg/dl and 8.97±0.26 mg/dl, respectively. The mean calcium level of pregnant women aged <20, 20-35, and >35 years old were 9.0±0.28 mg/dl, 9.07±0.44 mg/dl, and 8.96±0.06 mg/dl, respectively.
Conclusion: This study found that the mean calcium serum level of pregnant women who took prenatal appointments in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia, was normal.
Clinical manifestations comparison in hospitalized pregnant and non-pregnant women with Covid-19 at Mataram University Hospital, Mataram, Indonesia
Authors: Atmaja Putu Diah Ananda Putri , Danianto Ario , Karuniawaty Titi Pambudi
Published: September 2022

HIGHLIGHTS
1. Clinical manifestations in pregnant and non-pregnant women with Covid-19 were identified.2. Pregnant women with Covid-19 mostly had asymptomatic clinical manifestations, while non-pregnant women with Covid-19 mostly had symptomatic clinical manifestations.3. Recognition of the clinical manifestations in pregnant women with Covid-19 may help early detection and treatment of pregnant Covid-19 patients.
 
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To know a comparison of clinical manifestations in pregnant and non-pregnant Covid-19 patients who are hospitalized at Mataram University Hospital.
Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach, using secondary data in the form of medical records. This study uses a total sampling technique, sample selection based on affordable population, inclusion criteria, and exclusion criteria. The data was processed with SPSS 25th version and analyzed with a Chi-square analysis test.
Results: In this study, it was found that 145 women confirmed Covid-19 on RT-PCR, 89 of which were pregnant and 56 others weren’t; 85.4% of the included pregnant women were in the 3rd trimester. Clinical manifestations in pregnant women are 73.0% asymptomatic while symptomatic in 60.7% of the non-pregnant women. In symptomatic pregnant women, most common clinical symptoms were nausea, vomiting, cough, and headache; while the most common clinical symptoms in non-pregnant women were cough, anosmia, and headache. Chi-square analysis test showed a significant relationship with p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) in clinical manifestation comparison.
Conclusion: There are differences in clinical manifestations in pregnant and non-pregnant women with Covid-19. The most common clinical manifestation in pregnant women was asymptomatic and in non-pregnant women the most common clinical manifestation was symptomatic.
Efectos de un programa de prevención sobre las adicciones tecnológicas y disposiciones cognitiva-afectivas en universitarios
Authors: Capa-Luque Walter , Vallejos-Flores Miguel A. , Mayorga-Falcón Luz E. , Martínez Portillo Armando , Pardavé Livia Yovana , Sullcahuaman Amésquita Jessica J. , Barboza Navarro Evelyn
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Se evaluó los efectos de un programa de prevención en línea sobre las adicciones tecnológicas y disposiciones cognitiva-afectivas en universitarios durante la pandemia COVID-19. Método: Participaron en la muestra 42 estudiantes, de los cuales 21 conformaron el grupo experimental (GE) y los otros 21 estudiantes el control (GC). Se utilizaron las escalas de eficacia académica y engagement académico, así como los test de adicción al teléfono móvil, al internet y a los videojuegos. Resultados: La aplicación del programa redujo significativamente la adicción al internet, teléfono móvil y videojuegos y a la vez aumentó significativamente la valoración positiva del compromiso académico y la eficacia académica; las comparaciones entre los grupos de estudio (GE versus GC) de acuerdo con los tamaños de efecto (.30 < d >.50) evidenciaron diferencias prácticas importantes en cuanto al uso adictivo de internet, del teléfono móvil y los videojuegos, para las tres variables el GE mostró menores promedios que el GC; de otra parte las comparaciones entre GE y GC resultaron con diferencias de magnitudes de efecto entre mediano (d >.50) y grande (d >.80) en eficacia académica y compromiso académico respectivamente, en estas dos variables el GE mostró mayores promedios. Conclusión: el programa de prevención ha reducido las adicciones tecnológicas, así como incrementó las disposiciones cognitiva-afectivas en el estudiantado.
Stem cell-based therapy for myopic maculopathy: a new concept
Authors: Ma Ya , Li Yan-Ping , Jin Zi-Bing
Published: September 2022

Myopia has reached epidemic proportions in the world, especially in East Asia. Pathologic myopia is an extreme type of high myopia that can cause irreversible blindness. Myopic maculopathy is one of the characteristics of pathologic myopia. Nowadays, limited treatments can preserve the visual outcome of these patients. We review the current treatment in practice for myopic maculopathy. Furthermore, based on the current stem cell-based therapy used in degenerative ocular diseases, we discuss a new concept of stem cell therapy for myopic maculopathy.
Estrogen and DNA damage modulate mRNA levels of genes involved in homologous recombination repair in estrogen-deprived cells
Authors: Zach Li-or , Yedidia-Aryeh Lia , Goldberg Michal
Published: September 2022

Aims: Breast and ovarian cancers are frequently associated with mutations in genes involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR). Risk factors for breast cancer are often linked to estrogen-related pathways. Here, we studied the crosslink between estrogen and the HR pathway. Methods: We analyzed, using online annotation tolls, the enrichment of candidate estrogen-upregulated genes among DNA repair pathways. We analyzed how estrogen modulates mRNA levels of HR repair (HRR) genes in estrogen-receptor (ER)-positive cells. The cells were deprived of estrogen, and the mRNA levels of HRR genes were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction, following estrogen addition as well as DNA damage induction. In addition, we examined the effect of estrogen on DNA repair, by immuno-fluorescence analysis, using the DSB marker phospho-histone H2AX, as an indicator for DSB repair. Finally, we performed a clonogenic survival assay to determine the effect of estrogen on cell survival. Results: We discovered that genes whose mRNA levels are upregulated by estrogen are strongly associated with the HR pathway. We validated that estrogen upregulates mRNA levels of the HRR genes MRE11, RAD50, and PALB2, which have not been previously shown to be regulated by estrogen. Additionally, we revealed that DNA damage induces an upsurge in mRNAs encoding BRCA1, MRE11, RAD50, PALB2, and CtIP, in ER-positive cells deprived of estrogen. Notably, DSB repair was impaired in ER-positive cells deprived of estrogen, compared to cells exposed to the hormone. We also established that ER-positive cells deprived of estrogen are hypersensitive to DSBs. Conclusion: These results suggest that exposure of ER-positive cells to estrogen triggers the expression of HRR genes, which is required to meet the increased repair demands due to the proliferating effect induced by estrogen. This may explain the higher chances of developing estrogen-dependent cancers due to mutations in HRR genes.
Potential therapeutic response in a severe case of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type I
Authors: Jafri Syed Maisam , Burke Elizabeth A. , Adams David R. , Evans Colleen , Bulas Dorothy , Weinerman Stuart A. , Pan Kristen , Collins Michael T. , Markello Thomas C. , Vezina Gilbert , Gahl William A. , Toro Camilo
Published: September 2022

The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 gene (LRP5), which encodes a coreceptor within the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, plays a crucial role in bone mass regulation and has been associated with several bone disorders. Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type I (ADO type I, OMIM 607634) is a rare disease caused by heterozygous, gain-of-function mutations in LRP5. Here we describe a 44-year-old female who presented with thickened calvarium, elevated bone density, torus palatinus, mandibular exostoses, enlarged mandible, and disabling headaches and bone pain. Exome sequencing revealed a previously reported heterozygous missense variant in the LRP5 gene (p.A242T). Post-diagnosis cranial vault volume measurement by computed tomography 3D reconstruction demonstrated decreasing intracranial volume over time. Off-label use of leuprolide acetate was associated with apparent stabilization of skull mineralization. This report documents a severe example of ADO type I and provides anecdotal evidence of the utility of therapy in need of formal evaluation.
Potentials and challenges of launching the pilot phase of Hong Kong Genome Project
Authors:   Hong Kong Genome Project, Chu Annie T. W. , Fung Jasmine L. F. , Tong Amy H. Y. , Chow Sin Man , Chan Kelvin Y. K. , Yeung Kit San , Lo Hei Man , Chung Brian H. Y.
Published: September 2022

Genomic medicine and precision medicine initiatives have taken centre stage in scientific, clinical, as well as health economics and utility research on the global scene for the past decade. It is clear the important role genomic advancement has played in enhancing diagnostic rate, streamlining personalised treatment, and improving efficacy of the overall clinical management of undiagnosed, rare, and common diseases for humankind. The Hong Kong Genome Institute (HKGI) was established in May 2020 within the Food and Health Bureau, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, to integrate genomic medicine into mainstream healthcare. The main goals of setting up HKGI are to (1) improve the diagnostic rate and future care for individuals affected by undiagnosed diseases and hereditary cancers using whole genome sequencing; (2) advance research in genomic science; (3) nurture talents in genomic medicine; and (4) enhance public genomic literacy and overall engagement through the launching of the Hong Kong Genome Project (HKGP). In this paper, we review the current landscape and specific challenges encountered during the construction of the infrastructure and implementation of the pilot phase of HKGP. Through reviewing what has been achieved and established to date, and the potentials and prospects that have emerged in the process, this paper will provide insights into planning the main phase of HKGP, and considerations for our international counterparts when building similar projects.
Diagnostic strategies in patients with undiagnosed and rare diseases
Authors: Casas-Alba Dídac , Hoenicka Janet , Vilanova-Adell Alba , Vega-Hanna Lourdes , Pijuan Jordi , Palau Francesc
Published: September 2022

Abstract Rare diseases are life-threatening or chronically debilitating conditions affecting millions of people worldwide. In many instances, the patients experience a delay in their diagnosis or remain undiagnosed despite extensive investigations carried out by specialists. There are several explanations to account for this phenomenon including the socioeconomic context and the lack of an established consensus for diagnostic testing. Nonetheless, the widespread use of genetic and genomic tests in the past decades has had a major impact on clinical reasoning paradigms, and new troves of data are constantly being generated and analyzed. This requires constantly updating tools to match the discovery rate and allow reanalysis. In this review, we summarize the latest international recommendations and guidelines to address the problem of diagnostic deficit as well as present the current diagnostic workflows. Increasing access to exome and genome sequencing technologies and biological validation, gaining insight into the interpretation of multi-omics datasets, and fostering data sharing would reduce the long diagnostic odyssey and diagnostic gap.
Genetic approaches and pathogenic pathways in the clinical management of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Authors: Estévez-Arias Berta , Carrera-García Laura , Nascimento Andrés , Cantarero Lara , Hoenicka Janet , Palau Francesc
Published: September 2022

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common inherited neuromuscular disorder, affecting at least 1 in 2500 individuals. CMT refers to a heterogeneous group of inherited neuropathies from both phenotypic and genetic points of view. Over the last decades, there have been important advances not only in the identification of causative genes but also in understanding the molecular basis for many forms of CMT. In fact, to date, around 100 genes have been related to CMT disease, thanks to next generation sequencing techniques, and they have been proven to affect either the myelin or axon of peripheral nerves. Moreover, its genetic diagnosis has remarkedly improved, although there are still difficulties when it comes to treatment. In this review, we explore in depth the eight most prevalent genes associated with CMT: GDAP1, GJB1, HINT1, MFN2, MPZ, PMP22, SH3TC2, and SORD. We also address the disrupted cellular processes and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the disease. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for each type of CMT would be essential to identifying molecular targets and therapeutic strategies.
The Black Hole Universe, part II
Authors: Gaztanaga Enrique
Published: September 2022

In paper I, we showed that the observed (LCDM) Universe can be modeled as a local Black Hole (BH) Universe (BHU) of fixed mass M, without Dark Energy (DE): cosmic acceleration is caused by the BH event horizon rS=2GM. %The same BHU solution can be used to model the interior of a stellar or galactic BHs. Here, we propose that our BHU could form from the hierarchical free-fall collapse of regular matter. We argue that the singularity could be avoided with a Big Bounce explosion, caused by neutron degeneracy pressure (Pauli exclusion principle). This happens at GeV energies, like in core collapse supernova, well before the collapse reaches Planck energies (1E19 GeV). If our universe formed this way, there is no need for cosmic Inflation or a singular start (The Big Bang). Nucleosynthesis and recombination follow a hot expansion, like in LCDM, but cosmological measurements, which are free parameters in LCDM, could be estimated from first principles. Dark Matter could be made up of a wide mass range of primordial compact objects (BHs and Neutron stars), remnants of the collapse and bounce, which can provide a faster start for galaxy formation. We present a simple prediction to explain the observed value of Lambda and the coincidence problem.
Pulmonary Vascular Thrombosis in COVID-19: Clinical and Morphological Parallels
Authors: Porembskaya O. Ya. , Kravchuk V. N. , Galchenko M. I. , Deev R. V. , Chesnokov M. Sh. , Avanesyan A. V. , Lobastov K. V. , Tsaplin S. N. , Laberko L. A. , Ermakov V. S. , Pashovkina O. V. , Schastlivtsev I. V. , Sayganov S. A.
Published: September 2022

Aim. We aimed to study the histological and thrombotic changes in lung vessels in patients who died with COVID-19, to access the correlation between anticoagulation therapy (ACT) and thrombotic events (TE), treatment results, clinical and laboratory patients' characteristics.

Material and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed treatment results of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and lung vessel samples of the deceased patients. Dynamic changes and highest levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen were studied in its correlation with the disease severity according to SOFA score, computer tomographic (CT) results, lung, renal and hepatic dysfunction. The association between different doses of ACT and treatment results, laboratory indicators and thrombotic events was accessed. The histological lung vessels examination was performed using Martius Scarlet Blue (MSB)staining.

Results. 313 patients were included in the study (61 patients died). The median age of hospitalized patients was 60 years (IQR 51-66 years). The frequency of the intravitallyconfirmed TE was 4,8%. The strong statistical association was revealed between D-dimer level and 3-4 points SOFA score, patients' mortality, oxygen support requirement, CT3-CT4 pneumonia, glomerular filtration rate and TE. There was no mortality in patients with D-dimer normal references, but in cases with three times elevation reached 13%, 48,5% - in cases with 3-6 times elevation and 64,6% - in cases with more than 6 times elevation. The strong statistical association was registered between fibrinogen and SOFA score, CT 3-4 pneumonia, patients' mortality. D-dimer and fibrinogen levels demonstrated weak correlation. There was no statistical correlation between prophylactic, intermediate and therapeutic ACT and D-dimer and fibrinogen levels, CT results, patients' mortality. MSBstaining was used in 36 deceased patients tissue samples. 1394 lung vessels were analyzed. Lung vessels thrombi persisted in samples of all 36 patients (100%). Vessels with the diameter 3,5-30 mm were thrombosed in 7%, with the diameter 0,034-0,84 mm - in 48%, with the diameter 0,85-3,4 mm - in 45%. The frequency of thrombi persisted 06 hours, 6-12 hours, 12-18hours, 18-24 hours and more than 24 hours was12%, 14%, 62%, 5% and 7% respectively.

Conclusion. Thrombi of different ages from fresh to organized were observed in one third of lung vessels in all deceased patients. Lung vessels thrombosis plays an important role in pathogenesis and thanatogenesis of COVID-19. The D-dimer level correlates with lung, renal dysfunction, patients' mortality and doesn't show any correlation with ACT and can be accepted as a criterion of lung vessel thrombotic progression.
Intra-Articular Ganglion Cysts of the Knee
Authors: Vosoughi Farzad , Kaseb Mohammad Hasan , Malek Mahrooz , Toofan Hesam , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Javad
Published: September 2022

» Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without contrast is sufficient to diagnose an intra-articular ganglion cyst of the knee. MRI with intravenous contrast may be considered for cysts in the infrapatellar fat pad, which are not a typical presentation.

» The current literature supports treating symptomatic cases or those discovered accidently during knee arthroscopy with arthroscopic excision.

» Although aspiration of these cysts results in a higher recurrence rate than excision, it is associated with quicker recovery. Thus, aspiration might be chosen as an initial treatment for anyone who would like to avoid surgery or requires a rapid recovery, including professional athletes.

» Open excision may be considered for infrapatellar fat pad cysts that are >4.5 cm in size.
The root enrichment of bacteria is consistent across different stress-resistant plant species
Authors: Huang Feng , Zhu Congyi , Huang Minli , Song Xiaobing B. , Peng Aitian T.
Published: September 2022

Bacteria, inhabiting around and in plant roots, confer many beneficial traits to promote plant growth and health. The secretion of root exudates modulates the nutritional state of the rhizosphere and root area, further selecting specific bacteria taxa and shaping the bacteria communities. Many studies of the rhizosphere effects have demonstrated that selection by the plant rhizosphere consistently enriches a set of bacteria taxa, and this is conserved across different plant species. Root selection effects are often considered to be a strong selective force than the rhizosphere, yet studies are limited. Here, we focus on the root selection effects across a group of 11 stress-resistant plant species. We found that the root selection consistently reduced the alpha diversity (represented by number of observed species, Shannon’s diversity, and phylogenetic diversity) and altered the structure and composition of bacteria communities. Furthermore, root selection tended to enrich for clusters of bacterial genera including Pantoea, Akkermansia, Blautia, Acinetobacter, Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia, Novosphingobium, Massilia, Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium, and Stenotrophomonas. Our study offers some basic knowledge for understanding the microbial ecology of the plant root, and suggests that several bacteria genera are of interest for future studies.