bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
U-6 A Stereoscopic Analysis of Afghanistan in Religious, Political and Historical Context: A Research Study
Authors: Baig Hassan , Rehman Ghulam Shams-ur-
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to explore the Cultural Sufism of Khorasan. The overall culture of Afghanistan is very ancient almost two millennia old. It traces it's records to times of Achaemenid Empire of 500BC. The word Afghanistan is translated as "Land of the Afghans" or "Place of Afghans". The official languages of Afghan nation are Pashto and Dari. It is a tribal and rural society with many different regions in the country and each region having distinctive indigenous language. In spite of having some differences almost all Afghans follow a same Islamic tradition and behave accordingly. By following a similar Islamic tradition, they celebrate similar holidays, wear almost same dresses, enjoy same taste of food and music. Sufism has shaped Afghan society and politics for much of the country's history. Today, very few are aware of this legacy. The Sufis are now providing an important contribution to the stability of the state. Some of the greatest Sufi sages of the Muslim world originated from Afghanistan. They refined their insights in the country's lush plains and hidden valleys - and spread their message of peace and love to other parts of the world. The intensely personal poetry of Sufis has been expressed in Dari, Persian and Pashto, the main languages spoken in Afghanistan.
U-7 The argumemt of Ahadith by Syed Anwar Shah Kashmiri in his book “Khatamannbiyeen”: A Research Study
Authors: Ud Din Hafiz Fareed , Shahid Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Syed Anwar Shah Kashmiri was a great Islamic Scholar of Sub-Continent. He was born in 1875 in Kashmir. When he was sixteen years old, he went to Darul Uloom Deoband for Islamic Education from Shaikh ul Hind molana Mahmood Hasan. In the age of nineteen, initially he start teaching in Kashmir and then he perform service as Shaikh ul Hadith in Dar ul uloom Deoband. He died in 1933 and buried in Deoband. Many books of Religion written by him in Arabic and Persian languages. “Khatamannbiyeen” is the most important and last book of his life in Persian language against the Verse Al-Ahzab: 40. In this book Syed Anwar Shah Kashmiri discussed Qadiyani’s Believes, Claims (Zilli, Burozi Prophethood) and refutate the arguments of Mirza Gulam Ahmed Qadiyani in the light of Quran, Hadith and Arabic Grammar.  He gave argument from Ahadith and proof that there is no prophethood after Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ.
U-8 The Concept, Need and Significance of Sharia rating in Islamic Financial institutions in the perspective of Credit Rating Agencies
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Mushtaq , Khan Javed
Published: November 2021

Sharia compliance is considered the basic component of Islamic financial industry as sharia permissibility is one of the basic motive for majority of the customers of Islamic Financial services. Presently the assurance regarding the sharia compliance of Islamic financial institution is given by the Sharia Advisor or Sharia board of respective Islamic financial institution. But there is no process, similar to the credit rating agencies, which provides the public an independent assessment of the commitment of different Islamic financial institution as regard to follow sharia injunctions in true letter and spirit for comparison with other Islamic financial institution.

In this paper, the concept of credit rating, its origin, importance and advantages are discussed. In the light of the credit rating agencies practices, the concept of sharia rating and its importance are elaborated. It is observed and recommended that sharia quality rating will be very beneficial for all the stakeholders of the Islamic financial institutions as well the Islamic financial industry hence regulatory bodies of Islamic financial institutions, IFI’s and Credit Rating Agencies shall work together to further refine the concept for implementation of Sharia rating in the industry.
Penerapan Model Cooperative Learning Tehnik Example non Example dalam Meningkatan Hasil Belajar PAI Kelas 4 di SDN 002 Balikpapan Timur
Authors: Imro Atus Sholikhah
Published: November 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi apakah pendekatan cooperatif Learning dapat meningkatkan pemahaman terhadap materi Beriman kepada Rasu Alloh bagi siswa kelas 4 di SD Negeri 002 Balikpapan Timur dan untuk mengetahui langkah langkah yang tepat dalam mengaplikasikan pendekatan kooperatif learning menggunakan Tehnik example non example pada siswa kelas 4 dalam materi beriman kepada rasul Alloh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research), termasuk penelitian deskriptif, penelitian ini mengacu pada perbaikan pembelajaran yang berkesinambungan. Tempat penelitian di SD Negeri 002 Balikpapan Timur pada Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022. Hasil belajar PAI siswa kelas IV SDN 002 Balikpapan Timur dapat ditingkatkan melalui pembelajaran kooperatif tehnik examples non examples, sebelum diterapkannya pembelajaran kooperatif tipe examples non examples, rata-rata hasil belajar siswa secara klasikal hanya memperoleh nilai rata-rata 72 Setelah diterapkannya pembelajaran kooperatif tipe examples non examples, maka diketahui hasil belajar siswa siklus I pada rata-rata nilai 80 dan mengalami peningkatan Tingkat ketuntasan belajar dari kondisi awal 33% ketuntasan menjadi 66 % tingakat ketuntasan di silkus 1. Kemudian setelah refleksi dan dilakukan perbaikan terhadap kelemahan pembelajaran. Diketahui pada siklus kedua rata-rata nilai hasil belajar siswa tercapai pada nilai rata-rata 84,16 dengan kategori baik. Artinya secara klasikal siswa telah mencapai KKM yang ditetapkan, sehingga hal ini mengindikasikan keberhasilan penelitian, karena indikator keberhasilan yang ditetapkan telah melebihi 75%.
Human Resources on Increasing Teacher Performance in Islamic Education Institution
Authors: Aminatul Zahroh  , Khurotin Anggraeni  , Muhamad Faizul H  , H. Karim
Published: November 2021

Education is strategic to increasing human resources quality which is a determinant factor of national development. To achieve education goals, we need human resources. Human resources are a keys factor in an institution. Human resources will support organizations with their creation, talent, creativity, and support. Education plays an important role in increasing human resources. Human resources in education include principle, teachers, staff, and committees. Teacher plays an important role to decided education success to produce quality output. A teacher is the main key to learning success. The teacher is expecting to create learning education interaction and make innovation to learning quality improvement. The purpose of study is to analysis and finding increasing teacher performance through human resources in Islamic education Institution. The research method used descriptive qualitative. The data collecting method uses in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The result of the study the human resources at Pondok Pesantren Banyumas Jawa Tengah managed is well. The study has proven with planning, recruitment, teacher selection, placement process or orientation, teacher performance assessment, training, carrier development, compensation and allowance, teacher dismissal.  Teacher performance is optimal yet, cause many teachers cannot finish their tasks on time, although discipline is a priority. While the implementation of human resources management did well and given an effect on increasing teacher performance. Many resistances increasing teacher performance is prepared lesson plan and learning media maximal yet
Problem of the 8-th Experimental Physics Olympiad, Skopje, 8 May 2021 Determination of Planck Constant by LED
Authors:   Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics - BAS, Mishonov Todor , Petkov Aleksander ,   Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics - BAS, Andreoni Matteo ,   Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics - BAS, Petkov Emil ,   Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics - BAS, Varonov Albert ,   Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics - BAS, Dimitrova Iglika ,   Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics - BAS,   University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Velkoska Leonora ,   Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University – Skopje, Popeski-Dimovski Riste ,   Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University – Skopje
Published: November 2021

This is the problem of the 8th International Experimental Physics Olympiad (EPO8). The task of the EPO8 is to determine Planck constant ħh/2 using the given set-up with LED. If you have an idea how to do it, do it and send us the result; skip the reading of the detailed step by step instructions with increasing difficulties. We expect the participants to follow the suggested items – they are instructive for physics education in general. Only the reading of historical remarks given in the first section can be omitted during the Olympiad without loss of generality. Participants should try solving as much tasks as they can without paying attention to the age categories: give your best.
Professional Dispositions of Graduate Pre-service Mathematics Teachers among Three College of Teacher Education in Ethiopia
Authors:   Dire Dawa University, Tefera Anteneh , Atnafu Mulugeta ,   Addis Ababa University, Michael Kassa ,   Addis Ababa University
Published: November 2021

The general objective of this study was to examine the professional disposition (attitude and self-efficacy) of pre-service teachers hold at the end of teacher education programs in terms of gender and modality. To do this, we used a quantitative research approach. The source of data was 3rd-year mathematics pre-service teachers who have graduated in the 2018/19 academic year. The study used self-reported questionnaires. Thus, 536 (309 male and 227 female) third-year pre-service mathematics teachers from the three sampled institutions (Kotebe metropolitan university, Hawassa college of teacher education, and Arba Minch college of teacher education) and trained under three modalities (generalist, specialist, or linear) have participated. The result showed that the ongoing teacher education program helps them to have a strong attitude and self-efficacy towards mathematics and mathematics teaching without gender difference. However, variations were observed in attitudes and self-efficacy across modalities. In general, it can be concluded that the teacher education program helps pre-service mathematics teachers to develop a strong attitude and self-efficacy towards mathematics and teaching mathematics. Therefore, it is recommended that further qualitative and detailed analysis should be conducted in order to find which part of the education system or educational inputs help pre-service mathematics teachers in colleges of teacher education to develop positive attitude and self-efficacy towards mathematics and teaching mathematics and should be shared to other universities and colleges.
Main Didactic Aspects Related to the Applying of STEM Technology in Science Education
Authors:   University of Plovdiv, Petrova Hristina
Published: November 2021

STEM technology is an innovative educational technology. It refers to development of the students’ intellectual abilities, to constructive and cognitive-researching activity and to technical work. There are presented basic didactic aspects, connected with the applying of the STEM technology in Science education. The emphasis is put on practical tasks with problematic character. They allow 21st century competencies to be formed, such as creativity, communication skills, teamwork and critical thinking. Organization of the educational process, educational work forms and teacher’s new pedagogical role are also presented. Educational simulations and robots are looked at as didactic means of putting the STEM technology into practice while studying Science, in particular Physics.
La Formación por Competencias del profesorado universitario: caso FAREM-Carazo
Authors: Idiáquez López Alicia María
Published: November 2021

Esta investigación parte de la necesidad de definir el perfil competencial de los profesores de esta Facultad y con base en ese perfil competencial diseñar un plan de formación por competencias de acuerdo a sus necesidades, proponiendo como objetivo general: Diseñar una propuesta de formación docente por competencias ante las nuevas demandas del entorno y de la ciber sociedad para la FAREM-Carazo de la UNAN-Managua. Dicha propuesta de formación toma en cuenta las demandas de competencias docentes asociadas al saber, saber hacer, saber ser, saber aprender, saber transferir y saber desaprender. Se partió de una indagación reflexiva, conformando grupos de discusión entre profesores y expertos y posteriormente se llegó a la concienciación de lo que se quiere transformar en determinado momento y situaciones. Se desarrolló una metodología de estudio mixta, realizando una triangulación de datos y métodos, a través de la entrevista semi estructurada a los docentes expertos, cuestionarios aplicados a docentes y estudiantes de la Facultad y posteriormente se utilizó el método Delphi para validar la tesis. Se identificó el rol de la universidad y de los docentes, además se evidenció la necesidad imperante de proponer un programa de formación por competencias del profesorado, basado en las necesidades de su propia planta docente, que expresó una carencia de conocimiento generalizada, manifestando amplia disposición de ser formados en competencias. Al mismo tiempo se logró validar las competencias docentes necesarias ante los nuevos retos, las que se incluyeron en la Propuesta de Formación por Competencias del profesorado universitario de la FAREM-Carazo.
Innovar en lengua materna: la tarea de divulgar los saberes didácticos en Lengua y Literatura
Authors: Escobar Soriano Álvaro , Sandoval Armando José
Published: November 2021

La evidente ausencia de una conciencia científica para divulgar los resultados del quehacer educativo es una limitante de los docentes nicaragüenses. Por eso, la necesidad de darla a conocer en un texto que reúna de forma confiable y verificable estrategias didácticas creadas por docentes nicaragüenses permite tener una visión global del quehacer educativo y las fases de investigación en didáctica en el Departamento de Español de la UNAN-Managua.

Por ello, la publicación de un libro de estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la lengua materna que ayude a la mejora del aprendizaje de la misma en los niveles educativos del país, se desarrolló en tres fases: el diseño de la estructura general del texto, la diagramación del texto bajo normas de calidad y la presentación del libro ante la comunidad universitaria y la comunidad de docentes del país.
Aspectos ontológicos y epistemológicos de la formación de servidores públicos
Authors: Matus Rodríguez Frank Eduardo
Published: November 2021

El documento aquí expuesto sintetiza las posiciones filosóficas, y en particular ontológicas y epistemológicas del autor, entorno a las principales teorías, enfoques y paradigmas educativos, así como el proceso de desarrollo, fines y objetivos de los mismos relativos a su tema de investigación de tesis doctoral que es una propuesta de intervención educativa para el fortalecimiento de los procesos de formación integral de servidores públicos en Nicaragua mediante la creación de una Escuela de Gobierno. Asimismo, se presenta en este documento las principales perspectivas sobre el tema de diversos actores vinculados al mismo y se plantean los aportes que con este tema se pueden hacer a la ciencia y a la comunidad.
GAYA BELAJAR MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH BAHASA JEPANG BERBASIS ONLINE LEARNING
Authors: Muryati Sri , Astuti Bekti Setio , Trismanto Trismanto
Published: November 2021

This research is predicated on the problem of learning that is faced by students in university during social distancing due to Coronavirus outbreak. One of the striking problems is most students are not comfortable with e-learning. The aim of this article is grasping the typology of students particularly in e-learning that is conjunction with four aspects namely learning patterns, doing assignments, learning habits and using tools. Furthermore, the other objective is the research will be contributed to lecturers, faculties, universities and policymakers in term of planning, creating, and developing e-learning systems. The methodology used in this research is quantitative with descriptive type where is the population  or sample as the object of the research and it is only to describe a variable without comparing to other variables. The result of the study denotes the typology of visual learners dominating learning pattern and doing assignment which was 54% and 46% respectively. While in learning habit, the auditory type was the most popular which was 42% however the kinesthetic type had a low percentage because this activity was rarely carried out in e-learning hence that is why the quantity is negligible.
IDEOLOGY OF JOKOWI AS INDONESIAN PRESIDENT IN CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS STUDY
Authors: Munandar Elisabeth Septiani , Arvianti Indah , Muhid Ahmad
Published: November 2021

People as social human beings need a language for communication in daily activities. Communication can be found in many forms, one of them is speech. Thus, related to speech and the function of the speech to society the writer is interested in analysing the language, power and ideology in the speech of President Jokowi’s. This study uses critical discourse analysis theory, where it can be found that ideology can be revealed with the use of vocabulary, grammar and text structure of the speaker. The writer uses qualitative method by analysing Jokowi’s speech transcript. The writer also uses identity method by applying sociolinguistics method and pragmatic method. For presenting the data, the writer uses informal method. The writer found eight ideologies in analysing Jokowi’s speech such as the ideology of equality, the ideology in unity, the ideology to honour the law, the ideology of social justice, the ideology in prioritizing citizen, the ideology of national prosperity, the ideology of hard working, and the ideology in assertiveness. The result of this study shows a proof about the relationship between language, power, and ideology. As an Indonesian president, Jokowi has the power to choose the utterance in his speech. Through power over language, Jokowi can reveal the ideology that he holds so that the citizens can understand and follow his ideology.
INTRINSIC REVIEW AND MISE-EN-SCÈNE STUDY OF GOOD WILL HUNTING MOVIE
Authors: Purwati Sri
Published: November 2021

Mise-en-scène plays an important role to convey many things in a film or movie such as conveys message or moral value, build a narrative, etc. Based on those facts, this research tries to analyze the elements of mise-en-scène in Good Will Hunting movie, how mise-en-scène can work to communicate mood and meaning in Good Will Hunting Movie. The method used is qualitative. In the method of collecting data by doing observation data, document data, and audiovisual data that the primary data used the movie of Good Will Hunting. Analyze data based on its structural elements from movie, individual’s observation by observing movie and conducted the data analysis to describe mise-en-scène of the movie. The result of the research shows that applying of camera technique used in this movie is so many varieties. Long shot contains landscape but gives the viewers more specific idea of setting. A long shot may show the viewers the building where the action will be taken. Full shot contains a complete view of the characters. From this shot, viewers can take in the costumes of characters and may also help to demonstrate the relationships between characters. Close-up contains just one character’s face. This enables viewers to understand the actor's emotions and also allows them to feel empathy for the character. Overall the composition and cinematography techniques used in this movie are good.
ESTIMATION OF TINIDAZOLE IN ALBINO RAT PLASMA BY USING RP-HPLC
Authors: Debnath M. , Indira Muzib Y. , Ashutosh Kumar S. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Vishwa Vidyalayam, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Published: November 2021

A new RP-HPLC method for the quantitative determination of tinidazole in albino rat plasma was developed and validated as per US-FDA guidelines. The drug was spiked in the albino rat plasma and extracted with mobile phase by precipitation method. The extracted analyte was injected into Hypersil ODS C 18 (4.6 x 150 mm; 5 μm) or equivalent, maintained at 25°C temperature and effluent monitored at 310 nm. The mobile phase consisted of potassium dihydrogen phosphate [pH 3.0]: acetonitrile [HPLC Grade] (40:60 v/v). The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 mL/min. The developed method shows high specificity for tinidazole. The calibration curve for tinidazole was linear from 1.0 to 40.0 ng/0.5mL plasma (r 2 = 1). The inter-day and intra-day precision was found to be within limits. The average % recovery for the drug tinidazole was found to be 99.53 - 100.21 % and the reproducibility was found to be satisfactory. The proposed method was adequate, sensitivity, reproducibility, and specificity for the determination of tinidazole in albino rat plasma.
ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE ISOLATED COMPOUND OBTAINED FROM METHANOL EXTRACT OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA (LAM.) KUNTZE
Authors: Das M. K , Mazumder P. M. , Das S. ,   Department of Pharmacy, IEC College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida – 201 306, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: November 2021

Traditional or alternative medicine refers to other than orthodox medicine. The plant Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze belongs to the family Fabaceae. Different phytochemical constituents present are carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids. Butea monosperma is traditionally used as an antioxidant, antistress, behavior stimulant, antigout, antileprotic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, astringent and antihepatotoxic. Its flower is used to treat cases of enlarged spleen, menstrual disturbances, burning sensations and eye diseases. Spectral analysis data confirms the presence of terpenoid - Lupeol. Both the methanol extract and isolated bioactive compound lupeol possesses significant antioxidant potential (92 μg/mL, 107 μg/mL and 35 μg/mL, 34 μg/mL when assay done by H 2 O 2 and DPPH methods, respectively.
DEVELOPMENT OF A ROBUST QSAR MODEL OF ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR REVEALS A K NEAREST NEIGHBOR APPLICABLE TO DIVERSE SCAFFOLDS
Authors:   School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh - 452 001, India., Sharma M. C , Kohli D. V.
Published: November 2021

Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies were performed on quinazolinone analogues for prediction of antihypertensive activity. The best significant 2D-QSAR model having r2 = 0.8118 and pred_r2 = 0.7428 was developed by stepwise-partial least square method. k-nearest neighbor molecular field analysis was used to construct the best 3D-QSAR model, showing good correlative and predictive capabilities in terms of q2 = 0.7388 and pred_r2 = 0.6983. Results reveal that the 2D-QSAR studies signify positive contribution of SssOE index and SsCH3 count towards the biological activity. The results have showed that electronegative groups are necessary for activity and halogen, bulky, less bulky groups in quinazolinones nucleus enhanced the biological activity. The information rendered by 2D- and 3D-QSAR models may lead to a better understanding of structural requirements of substituted quinazolinones derivatives and also aid in designing novel potent antihypertensive molecules.
A NEW METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR RELATED SUBSTANCES OF GRANISETRON IN ACTIVE PHARMA INGREDIENT BY HPLC
Authors: Rao T. N , Prasanthi Y. , Botsa Parvatamma , Kumara G. , Rao K. A. ,   Department of Chemistry, Krishna University, Machilipatnam - 521 001 Andhra Pradesh, India.
Published: November 2021

A simple and inexpensive method was developed using high performance liquid chromatography with PDA detection for determination of granisetron hydrochloride and related impurities (2-methyl-N- [(1R,3r,5S)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl]-2H-indazole-3-carboxamide, 1-Methyl-N-[(1R,3r,5S)- 9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl]-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride, N-[(1R,3r,5S)-9- azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl]-1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide and 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid. The chromatographic separations were achieved on (250×4.6 mm), 5.0 μm make: Waters, Symmetry Shield C8 column employing acetonitrile: 2% V/V H3PO4 in MilliQ water + 0.1% V/V hexylamine in water, 800:200 V/V (pH adjusted to 7.5 using triethylamine) mobile phase with isocratic programme. A flow rate of 1.5 mL/min was chosen. Four impurities were eluted within 20 minutes. The column temperature was maintained at 40°C and a detector wavelength of 300 nm was employed. The method was successfully validated by establishing system suitability, specificity, linearity, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantification.
UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ABSORPTION CORRECTION METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF OLMESA RTAN MEDOXOMIL, AMLODIPINE BESYLATE AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN COMBINED TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Saminathan J. , Vetrichelvan T. ,   Department of Drug Regulatory Affairs, Pharma Management and Quality Assurance, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research (DIPSAR) University, Govt of NCT of Delhi, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector- 3, Pushpvihar, New Delhi- 110017, India.
Published: November 2021

A simple, accurate, precise, economical and validated uv spectrometric absorption correction method was developed for olmesartan, medoxomil amlodipine besylate and hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and its dosage form. The stock solutions were prepared in methanol followed by further dilutions with double distilled water. The λmax for olmesartan, amlodipine besylate and hydrochlorothiazide were 256.5 nm, 362 nm and 316 nm, respectively. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 3-18 μg/mL, 1- 6μg/mL and 2-12 μg/mL, respectively. The method was validated by following the analytical performance parameters suggested by the ICH Guidelines. The percentage assay in commercial formulation was found to be in the range olmesartan 100.06%, amlodipine 99.17% and hydrochlorothiazide 100.14% by the proposed method. The method was validated with respect to linearity, precision and accuracy. recovery was found to be in the range of olmesartan 99.65%,amlodipine 99.97% and hydrochlorothiazide 99.81% by absorbance corrected method. The high recovery and low coefficients of variation conforms the suitability of the method for simultaneous analysis of three drugs in combined tablets.
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ERDOSTEINE, GUAIPHENESIN AND TERBUTALINE SULPHATE IN SYRUP FORMULATION BY TWO UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS
Authors: Mistry N , Shah P , Chaudhari D. , Baria B. , Gandhi T. ,   Dept. of Quality Assurance, Anand Pharmacy College, Opp. Town Hall, Anand - 388 001, Gujarat, India.
Published: November 2021

Two simple, rapid and economic UV spectrophotometric methods, namely successive ratio derivative and double divisor ratio spectra methods, have been developed for the simultaneous estimation of ternary mixtures of erdosteine, guaiphenesin and terbutaline sulphate without preceding separation steps. Method I is based on successive derivative of ratio spectra in two steps, whereas method II is based on convolution of double divisor ratio spectra, obtained by dividing the absorption spectrum of the ternary mixture by a standard spectrum of two of the three compounds in the mixture. All the drugs exhibited good linearity over the reported concentration range with acceptable correlation coefficient. The methods were validated according to ICH guidelines for the evaluation of accuracy, precision, sensitivity. The obtained relative standard deviation i.e. less than 2%, demonstrated that the proposed methods were accurate and precise and can be employed for routine analysis in quality control laboratories, eliminating the need of prior separation of the pharmaceutical mixtures.
STUDIES ON UREA CO-INCLUSION COMPLEXES OF EBASTINE FOR STEEP IMPROVEMENT IN DISSOLUTION PROFILE
Authors: Dhall M. , Madan A. K. ,   Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak - 124 001, Haryana, India.
Published: November 2021

Urea co-inclusion technique has been successfully utilized for steep enhancement in dissolution rate of ebastine (EB), a BCS class II potent drug. EB is a novel second generation H1 receptor antagonist used for prevention of chronic idiopathic urticaria and allergic rhinitis. It exhibits low aqueous solubility and consequent poor bioavailability. In the present study, EB was engulfed in urea channel/tunnels along with rapidly complexing agent (RCA). Resulting complexes of EB (EBUCIC) were characterized by DSC, FTIR, XRD and 1H-NMR. Minimum proportion of RCA for incorporation of EB in hexagonal urea was determined calorimetrically. The thermal studies indicated increase in heat of decomposition with increasing molar fraction of RCA in EBUCICs, ensuring better physical stability of complexes. Content uniformity study depicted uniform composition formulation of EB. Weibull model described release kinetics of EB. Enhancement in dissolution rate ensures urea co-inclusion to be a useful approach for development of rapid/instantaneous release dosage forms.
ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF CITRUS LIMON LEAVES IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Shree Devi College of Pharmacy, Airport Road, Kenjar, Mangalore - 574 142. Karnataka, India., Thomas L , Kamath J. V.
Published: November 2021

Citrus limon leaves is a traditional herbal medicine which is used as a munching dietary supplement for the management of diabetes in parts of Kerala. However there is no evidence supporting the claim. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of Citrus limon leaves extract against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Aqueous extract of Citrus limon leaf with the doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 3rd day after STZ induction and the results were compared to those for glibenclamide. A decrease in body weight and plasma insulin levels and an increase in blood glucose levels were observed in STZ induced diabetic rats. However, these diabetic changes were significantly and dose dependently inhibited by treatment with Citrus limon leaves extract. This study focus the efficacy of this extract for the management of experimental diabetes in rat model which may shed some light on the scientific basis of ancient herbal therapy.
A SMART APPROACH FOR FORMULATION PROCESS OF ESCITALOPRAM LOADED BIO-NANO SUSPENSION FOR BRAIN DELIVERY VIA NOVELISTIC EAM (EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS) PLATFORM
Authors: Raina D , Satheesh Madhav N. V. ,   DIT university, Makkawala, P.O Bhagwantpura - 248 009, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India.
Published: November 2021

Our aim was to target antidepressant drug loaded nano-suspension using novel bioexcepient isolated from kernels of Prunus amygdalus and explore the capability of external acoustic meatus as novel acoustic drug delivery system. We isolated the biomaterial and performed various physicochemical evaluations along with spectral analysis including UV, IR, Mass, NMR, SEM. The bio-nano suspension formulated with the novel bioexcepient was tested for its functional properties. Eight formulations of escitalopram were prepared by using biomaterial as a retardant cum stabilizer and glycerin as nanosizent. All formulations were subjected to various evaluations, including pH, dispersibility, entrapment efficiency, particle size, mucoadhesion, in vitro release and stability. Our results revealed that the biopolymer possess promising retardibility cum stability and mucoadhesivity. Based on the in vitro and pharmacodynamic results obtained, it can be concluded that significant amount of drug reaches to the brain via external acoustic meatus and so it is feasible to deliver antidepressant molecule by this novelistic route.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF LC-MS/MS METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PIOGLITAZONE AND VOGLIBOSE IN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: Hemavathi G. , Hipparagi S. M ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research, (KLE University), Bangalore - 560 010, Karnataka, India.
Published: November 2021

A reliable, simple, robust and sensitive LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometric) method has been developed and validated that employs protein precipitation extraction method for the simultaneous determination of Pioglitazone and Voglibose in human plasma by using miglitol as internal standard. Chromatography conditions included an isocratic mobile phase composing of 5 mM ammonium formate buffer: acetonitrile in the ratio 50:50 V/V. the column used was Welchrom XB C18, with specifications of 50×4.6 mm, 5 μm, at a flow rate of 0.80 mL/min. the retention time of Pioglitazone, voglibose and miglitol occurred at ~2.83, 0.8 and 0.70 min, respectively and the total chromatographic run time was 4.0 min. Pioglitazone and voglibose achieved a linear response function in human plasma at 1.07-958 ng/mL & 2.02-203 ng/mL respectively. Pioglitazone and voglibose attained an intra and inter-day accuracy and precision at 0.93 – 7.54% and 0.96 - 5.39%; 0.74 - 7.1 and 0.9 - 3.75% range respectively. the International Conference on Harmonisation of technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines were used as the bench mark for validating the method.
LYMPHATIC DELIVERY: CONCEPT, CHALLENGES AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Bora C. R , Prabhu R. H. , Patravale V. B. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai – 400 019, India.
Published: November 2021

The lymphatic system is an additional circulatory system throughout the entire body. It plays a critical role in the recognition of immune system and response to disease. Lymphatic delivery has attracted a lot of attention for providing preferential chemotherapy and enhancing bioavailability of drugs that undergo hepatic first-pass metabolism. The anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system, routes of administration and different physicochemical parameters of drug/carriers are overviewed. There are numerous challenges in targeting drugs and bioactives to specific sites, maintaining the desired action and crossing all the physiological barriers. Lymphatic delivery for various diseases employing various nanocarriers emerges as a new technology to provide a better therapeutic and diagnostic outcome.
The Prospect of Extracting Brain-Region-Specific Exosomes in the Human Bloodstream
Authors:   Emory University, UK, Yang Evan , Neff Andrew ,   Emory University, UK
Published: November 2021

Exosomes are small vesicles, secreted by eukaryotic cells, containing molecular cargo that reflects the biochemical composition of the origin cell, including protein and RNA. Once secreted, exosomes can enter the circulatory system and be found in blood, urine, and saliva. It has been hypothesized that because exosomes contain transmembrane proteins unique to their cell of origin, specific populations of exosomes could be non-invasively extracted from the bloodstream. The protein L1CAM may serve as a marker of neuronal exosomes. However, although “neuron-derived-exosomes'' could offer some specific information about in-vivo molecular neurobiology, this population of exosomes still provides a relatively noisy signal, including data on protein expression from a variety of different neuronal subpopulations. We argue that it may be possible to isolate brain-region-specific exosomes, and that data derived from these exosomes would provide a superior diagnostic tool.
Indigofera Thoothukudiensis, A new species of Fabaceae from Thoothukudi District, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Devi S. , Ranjitha S. , Selvakumari R. , Rajakumar T.J.S.
Published: November 2021

A new species, Indigofera thoothukudiensis is described and illustrated.
Impact of Drought Stress on Forest Trees – A Review
Authors: Sachan Shephali , Jain Avinash
Published: November 2021

Drought stress is creating dangerous situation worldwide. The impact of stress is not only the deficiency of water but it also leads to the deficiency and losses of everything which are linked to the water resources directly or indirectly. Drought stress disturbs the normal biochemical, molecular and physiological processes, affecting the morphology of plant. As a result the plant is either unable to live on abrupt changes or learn to avoid/tolerate the variation in the environment. The results vary species to species depending on genotype, frequency and time period of drought stress. There is need of screening various tree species for getting information related to their ability and capacity level of susceptibility, tolerance and avoidance behaviour with the further goal of their plantation in the various nurseries in order to rehabilitate the drought prone areas, wastelands and to increase intangible and tangible benefits.
Relationship Between Leaf Area Index and Atmospheric Cooling of Tree Species
Authors: Gupta S. , Ram Jeet , Singh Hukum
Published: November 2021

Presence of tree canopy is known to strongly influence ambient temperature and other micro-climatic conditions underneath. Therefore, planting trees with close or dense crown can be used as effective measure to provide thermal cover to species of flora and fauna adapted to shady and cooler environment. The cooling produced by a tree is exclusively the combined results of physical and physiological functions of its canopy. Tree canopy is one of the most important, physiologically active components that establish interaction between the terrestrial environment and the atmosphere which regulates various bio-physiological processes. Leaf Area Index (LAI) is one of the most reliable indicators of growth and vigour of a tree. We compared LAI and corresponding understory temperature of a few isolated trees of Ficus benjamina, Mangifera indica, Anthocephalus chinensis, Lagerstroemia floribunda and Peltophorum africanum belonging to evergreen, semi-deciduous and deciduous nature to establish the relationship between the two parameters. A great variation in LAIs of deciduous and semi-deciduous species was observed on account of leaf shedding and fast development of crown after emergence of new leaves whereas the variation was lesser in evergreen species. A strong positive correlation was found between LAI and cooling produced by A. chinensis, L. floribunda and P. africanum whereas no linear relation was established in case of M. indica and F. benjamina.
The fern-genus Arthromeris(Polypodiaceae) in India
Authors:   Rua de São Mateus 485 S/C Dt., Fontainhas, Cascais, Portugal, PIN : 2750-141, Fraser-Jenkins Christopher Roy
Published: November 2021

The Polypodiaceous genus, Arthromeris, is detailed from India, where it occurs only in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent. As with most fern-genera many more synonyms have been named than there are species known, especially in neighbouring China. The 11 species known from India are referred to their correct names and synonyms have been identified from study of their types. Detailed distributions are also provided from material seen, along with explantory notes concerning their taxonomy and nomenclature. Various previous reports are corrected where necessary including erroneous conclusions from some recent publications in the area.
Sesamum radiatum Thonn. ex Hornem. (Pedaliaceae): addition to the flora of Tamil Nadu with taxonomic notes
Authors:   Research & Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, PIN : 641046, Krishnachandran Sampath Kumar , K. Kathiresan ,   Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India, PIN : 608502,   UGC-BSR Faculty Fellowship, PIN : 608502,   CAS in Marine Biology, PIN : 608502, S. Arumugum ,   Botanical Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, PIN : 608502
Published: November 2021

The introduction, occurrence and distribution of wild populations of Sesamum radiatum Thonn. ex Hornem. in India along with taxonomic notes on the nomenclature and identification of the species have been discussed in detail. The earlier reports of the taxon from Eastern & Western Ghats and elsewhere due to errors in identifications clarified and a field key furnished to facilitate the correct identity. Color photographs of the plant parts are also provided for easy field identification. The present collection from the West Coast of Kanniyakumari district forms an addition to the flora of Tamil Nadu and to the strand flora of India as well.
Seven New Additions to the Flora of West Bengal from Buxa Wildlife Sanctuary, Alipurduar
Authors:   Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah, West Bengal, India, PIN : 711103, Kumar Anant , Venu P. ,   Environment Protection Training and Research Institute, Hyderabad , Telangana, India, PIN : 500 032,   Botanical Survey of India, Deccan Regional Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, PIN : 500048
Published: November 2021

The present paper deals with 7 taxa, Acacia caesia var. subnuda (Craib) I.C. Nielsen, Bambusa cacharensis R.B. Majumdar, Dendrobium monticola P.F. Hunt & Summerh., Dendrophthoe falcata var. pubescens (Hook.f.) V. Chandras., Ficus fulva Reinw. ex Blume, Gymnema latifolium Wall., Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright ex Sauvalle which are new additions to the flora of West Bengal from Buxa Wildlife Sanctuary, Alipurduar district.
Bathelium porinosporum Lücking, M.P. Nelsen & Gueidan (lichenized Ascomycota: Trypetheliaceae), a new record for Indian lichen mycota with a key to Indian species
Authors: Singh Pushpi , Singh Krishna
Published: November 2021

Bathelium porinosporum Lücking, M.P. Nelsen & Gueidan is reported as a new record for Indian lichen mycota. A key to all known Indian species is provided to facilitate their identification.
Note on the Extended Distribution of two Terrestrial Orchids in Kerala
Authors: Saravanan T. , Kaliamoorthy S.
Published: November 2021

Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. and Peristylus richardianus Wight (Orchidaceae) are reported here as additions to the flora of Thiruvananthapuram District, Southern Western Ghats of Kerala. Detailed descriptions along with photographs are provided to ease accurate identification of these species.
Assessment of Invasive Alien species in Col. Sher Jung National Park, Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Debta Manas , Bhakal R.K. , Ambrish Kumar
Published: November 2021

The present paper is an attempt to document the data on invasive alien species occurring in Col. Sher Jung National Park, Sirmaur district, Himachal Pradesh along with their implications in conservation perspective. A total of 39 species belonging to 19 angiospermic families are enlisted as invasive alien species from the national park. The purpose of introduction of alien species also discussed along with their nativity.
Biomass and Carbon Storage Potential of Oak - Pine Forests in Kumaun Himalaya, India
Authors: Gwal Pratibha , Lodhiyal Neelu
Published: November 2021

The present study deals with the assessment of density of trees (D), biomass (B) and carbon sequestration (CS) of trees on three aspects, viz. north-west (NW), north-east (NE) and south-east (SE) at different forest stands dominated by Quercus leucotrichophora, Quercus glauca and Pinus roxburghii in Nainital District Kumoun Himalya. The density of trees, saplings and seedlings across Community forests varied from 420-840, 110-6200 and 3510-11250 individuals ha-1, respectively. Total biomass of trees at different aspects ranged from 253 - 429 t ha-1. Total carbon storage of trees was 120.22 t C ha-1 on NW aspect (Banj Oak forest), 203.57 t C ha-1 on NE aspect (Chir Pine forest) and 157.47 t C ha-1 on SE aspect (Chir Pine forest). The carbon storage as well as biomass storage value is higher on northern aspect. It can be concluded that north aspect play an important role in forest growth and maturity which is required for sustainable development/ sustainability of environment. The huge amount of carbon storage by studied Van Panchayat forest sites will help to minimize CO2 rise in the atmosphere.
Pseudechinolaena (Humb.,Bonpl. & Kunth) Stapf (Poaceae): new generic record for Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar M. , Reddy A. , Rao Boyina
Published: November 2021

Pseudechinolaena (H.B.K.) Stapf, represented by Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Humb.,Bonpl. & Kunth) Stapf, collected from the forests of Chintapalli and GudemKothaveedhi of Visakhapatnam district is being reported as addition to grass flora of Andhra Pradesh, India. Description, field photographs, illustration and important notes have been provided for the species.
New distributional record of the rare endemic variety Indigofera glandulosa Willd. var. sykesii Baker (Fabaceae) from Bandipur National Park, Karnataka, India
Authors: Dhatchanamoorthy N. , Anbarashan Munisamy , Balachandran N.
Published: November 2021

Indigofera glandulosa Willd. var. sykesii Baker (Fabaceae), an endemic variety known only from few localities of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh states. It has been collected for the first time from Bandipur National Park in Karnataka state. Detailed description, photograph and field notes are provided for easy identification.
Arabis nuda Bél., (Brassicaceae), A New Record for Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Puneet , Singh Harminder , Dogra Kuldeep , Singh S.
Published: November 2021

This paper deals with the discovery of Arabis nuda Bél. from Sechu Tuan Nalla Wildlife Sanctuary, Pangi, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh. The species was previously reported from Kashmir only, where it occurs as an occasional weed. The current population reported is thereby a new record for the state.
Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematode, Steinernema dharanaii (TFRIEPN-15) against Termite, Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Termitidae)
Authors: Paunikar Sanjay , Kulkarni N.
Published: November 2021

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis and their associated bacteria such as Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. are lethal parasites of soil dwelling and cryptic habit insects. Termites are one of the most severe soil insect pests of number of forestry, agricultural, households items and plantation crops in India and abroad. The efficacy of new native species of entomopathogenic nematode (TFRIEPN-15), Steinernema dharanaii against termites, Odontotermes obesus was tested under laboratory conditions. The termite, Odontotermes obesus was exposed to Infective Juveniles (IJs) from numbers 3 to 40 IJs termite-1. The dose- dependent mortality was noted of the termites. The lowest dose of 3IJs termites-1 caused 26.67% mortality which was significantly superior control treatment. The highest dose of 40IJs termites-1 caused 72.00% mortality was recorded. These experiments have proved that native isolated entomopathogenic nematodes can be used successfully to control termites and other soil insect pests with simple and effective field application techniques achieving 100% mortality of the treated insects.
Phenomena of Guttation and Autolysis in Artificially Cultured Seed Borne Trichoderma sp. from Dipterocarpus retusus
Authors: Singh Amar
Published: November 2021

The phenomena of the guttation and autolysis have been reported in various wild mushroom species in natural conditions. These have also been reported in various fungi including Trichoderma species from different sources during their artificial culturing. In the present article, these phenomena have been reported and discussed in the case of seed borne Trichoderma species isolated from the seeds of Dipterocarpus retusus and propagated under artificial culture conditions. The process of guttation and the autolysis are reported to have ecological significance to the respective organism in the ecosystem.