bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medication history-wide association studies for pharmacovigilance of pregnant patients
Authors: Challa Anup P. , Niu Xinnan , Garrison Etoi A. , Van Driest Sara L. , Bastarache Lisa M. , Lippmann Ethan S. , Lavieri Robert R. , Goldstein Jeffery A. , Aronoff David M.
Published: September 2022

Background

Systematic exclusion of pregnant people from interventional clinical trials has created a public health emergency for millions of patients through a dearth of robust safety data for common drugs.

Methods

We harnessed an enterprise collection of 2.8 M electronic health records (EHRs) from routine care, leveraging data linkages between mothers and their babies to detect drug safety signals in this population at full scale. Our mixed-methods signal detection approach stimulates new hypotheses for post-marketing surveillance agnostically of both drugs and diseases—by identifying 1,054 drugs historically prescribed to pregnant patients; developing a quantitative, medication history-wide association study; and integrating a qualitative evidence synthesis platform using expert clinician review for integration of biomedical specificity—to test the effects of maternal exposure to diverse drugs on the incidence of neurodevelopmental defects in their children.

Results

We replicated known teratogenic risks and existing knowledge on drug structure-related teratogenicity; we also highlight 5 common drug classes for which we believe this work warrants updated assessment of their safety.

Conclusion

Here, we present roots of an agile framework to guide enhanced medication regulations, as well as the ontological and analytical limitations that currently restrict the integration of real-world data into drug safety management during pregnancy. This research is not a replacement for inclusion of pregnant people in prospective clinical studies, but it presents a tractable team science approach to evaluating the utility of EHRs for new regulatory review programs—towards improving the delicate equipoise of accuracy and ethics in assessing drug safety in pregnancy.
In situ formic acid dehydrogenation observation using a UV-vis-diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy system
Authors: Li Risheng , Kodaira Tetsuya , Kawanami Hajime
Published: September 2022

The in situ UV-vis-diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy system enables the observation of continuous FADH with a high S/N ratio on a gas/liquid mixture.
Versatile Cl-decorated CPM-5 as a blue LED and luminescent sensor for selective Fe3+ sensing and temperature detection
Authors: Zhang Jian-Wei , Yu Rui-Ying , Li Xi , Xu Hai-Qun , Cui Jin-Hai , Hu Xin-Cheng , Li Jie-Qiong
Published: September 2022

A versatile luminescent Cl-decorated CPM-5 was successfully afforded by using a DMF/H2O/HCl solvent system. Interestingly, the highly stable CPM-5-Cl is suitable for application in Fe3+ sensing and as a blue LED and ratiometric thermometer.
Complete characterization of a lithium battery electrolyte using a combination of electrophoretic NMR and electrochemical methods
Authors: Hickson Darby T. , Halat David M. , Ho Alec S. , Reimer Jeffrey A. , Balsara Nitash P.
Published: September 2022

Combining electrophoretic NMR, which enables precise determination of transference numbers, with electrochemical methods improves complete characterization of battery electrolytes.
Non-equilibrium spin-transport properties of Co/phosphorene/Co MTJ with non-collinear electrodes under mechanical bending
Authors: Zheng Xiaolong , Chen Mingyan , Xie Yiqun
Published: September 2022

Spin-dependent transport properties of the α-Co/phosphorene/α-Co magnetic tunnel junction with non-collinear electrodes under mechanical bending are studied using a first-principles method. The maximum spin-injection efficiency ηs reaches 92%.
Electronic spectroscopy of cationic adamantane clusters and dehydrogenated adamantane in helium droplets
Authors: Kappe Miriam , Schiller Arne , Krasnokutski Serge A. , Ončák Milan , Scheier Paul , Cunningham Ethan M.
Published: September 2022

We report the first helium-tagged electronic spectra of cationic adamantane clusters, along with its singly, doubly, and triply dehydrogenated analogues embedded in helium droplets.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of morpholinium ionic liquids: impact of a long alkyl side substituent on the cation–anion interactions
Authors: Men Shuang , Sun Yusheng , Licence Peter , Qu Jun
Published: September 2022

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to probe the impact of the long alkyl side substituent on the cation-anion interactions in morpholinium ionic liquids.
Glycan microarrays from construction to applications
Authors: Kim Yujun , Hyun Ji Young , Shin Injae
Published: September 2022

This article summarizes the preparation of glycan probes, the construction of glycan microarrays and their applications for biological and biomedical research.
New picolinate-functionalized titanium-oxide clusters: syntheses, structures and photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Gao Chang , Wang Dexin , Liu Yanshu , Zhang Guanyun , Liu Caiyun , Said Amir , Niu Huihui , Wang Guo , Tung Chen-Ho , Wang Yifeng
Published: September 2022

Two new TOCs functionalized with 2-picolinate were synthesized. Their photocatalytic H2 evolution activities were very different. In situ formation of PtNPs supra-nanoparticle assemblies was observed, which could be the photocatalytic active species.
Anionic lanthanide metal–organic frameworks with magnetic, fluorescence, and proton conductivity properties and selective adsorption of a cationic dye
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Nuan , Chen Bo-Chen , Zhang Jia-Li , Zhang Jia-Lin , Liu Sui-Jun , Wen He-Rui
Published: September 2022

Two novel anionic lanthanide metal–organic framework materials showed magnetic and proton conductivity properties and specific adsorption of RhB, which could be considered as multifunctional molecular materials.
Single and combined exposure to micro(nano)plastics and azithromycin disturbing the photosynthetic carbon fixation of Synechocystis sp.
Authors: You Xiuqi , You Mingtao , Lyu Yitao , Peng Guyu , Sun Weiling
Published: September 2022

The co-exposure to MPs and AZM caused greater inhibitory effects on the photosynthetic carbon fixation in Synechocystis sp. compared to the co-exposure to NPs and AZM.
MicroRNA expression profile of cholesterol metabolism analysis mediated by Thelenota ananas desulfated holothurin A saponin in RAW264.7 macrophage-foam cells
Authors: Dou Peipei , Tan Yuqing , Li Kaifeng , Hong Hui , Zhu Beiwei , Han Qi-An , Luo Yongkang
Published: September 2022

Desulfated holothurin A from Thelenota ananas, have been reported to modulate cholesterol metabolism and may be useful in treating atherosclerosis and related diseases.
The solution properties of galactomannan after simulated digestion of guar fortified bread predict the extent of postprandial insulin reduction in healthy adult overweight subjects
Authors: Ballance Simon , Mæhre Hanne K. , Rieder Anne , Arslan Lied Gülen , Hindar Tvedt Espen K. , Dierkes Jutta
Published: September 2022

The concept of coil overlap can explain the postprandial blood insulin lowering effect of guar galactomannan in overweight adults when it is eaten as an ingredient in bread.
Lactobacillus plantarumHNU082 alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice through regulating gut microbiome
Authors: Wu Yuqing , Li Ao , Liu Huanwei , Zhang Zeng , Zhang Chengcheng , Ma Chenchen , Zhang Lin , Zhang Jiachao
Published: September 2022

Probiotic Lp082 treats ulcerative colitis by optimizing the gut microbiota and the intestinal mucosal barrier (biological, chemical, mechanical and immune barriers), regulating inflammatory and disease pathways and reducing neutrophil infiltration.
Developing Pd(ii) based amphiphilic polymeric nanoparticles for pro-drug activation in complex media
Authors: Sathyan Anjana , Croke Stephen , Pérez-López Ana M. , de Waal Bas F. M. , Unciti-Broceta Asier , Palmans Anja R. A.
Published: September 2022

This work highlights that a ligand-based approach to develop Pd(ii)-based amphiphilic polymeric nanoparticles enhances their efficiency for pro-dye/drug activation in water and complex media.
Hybrid 1D/2D nanocarbon-based conducting polymer nanocomposites for high-performance wearable electrodes
Authors: Kim Dong Young , Lee Geonhee , Lee Gil Yong , Kim Jungpil , Jeon Kwangu , Kim Keun Soo
Published: September 2022

Herein, a wearable electrocardiogram electrode based on PDMS-1D SWCNTs/2D reduced graphene oxide with uniform and excellent conductivity was developed.
Highly biocompatible chlorin e6-poly(dopamine) core–shell nanoparticles for enhanced cancer phototherapy
Authors: Chen Shilin , Jiang Yihang , Fan Miaozhaung , Zhang Xinmeng , Zhang Ying , Chen Ting , Yang Chengbin , Law Wing-Cheung , Xu Zhourui , Xu Gaixia
Published: September 2022

Biocompatible photothermal/photodynamic dual-mode therapeutic nanoparticles (CBP NPs) were successfully designed and constructed based on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ingredients.
Self-doping synthesis of iodine–carbon quantum dots for sensitive detection of Fe(iii) and cellular imaging
Authors: Luo Kun , Luo Wenyi , Liang Zhibin , Li Yubin , Kang Xinhuang , Wu Yulian , Wen Yanmei
Published: September 2022

Iodine-doped carbon quantum dots (I-CQDs) were synthesized via p-iodobenzoic acid self-doping for the detection of ferric ions (Fe3+) and cell imaging.
Novel tacrine derivatives as potential CDK9 inhibitors with low cholinesterase inhibitory properties: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation
Authors: Liu Wenwu , Huang Yaoguang , Wu Limeng , Liu Wenjie , Jiang Xiaowen , Xu Zihua , Zhao Qingchun
Published: September 2022

Novel tacrine derivative ZLWT-48 possessed potent CDK9 inhibition activity (8.639 nM) and good selectivity over CDK2 (SI > 57).
Synthesis of tetrahedron DNA nanostructures for detecting the activation of cell signal transduction via their specific binding to transcriptional factors
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chen Yue , Wu Bing , Liu Danqing , Fu Lengxi , Huang Fei
Published: September 2022

Fluorescence signals labeled tetrahedron DNA nanostructures (TDNs) containing the binding sequences of transcriptional factors (TFs) were designed for the examination of signal transduction activity inside cells.
In operando nanomechanical mapping of PEDOT:PSS thin films in electrolyte solutions with bimodal AFM
Authors: Benaglia Simone , Drakopoulou Sofia , Biscarini Fabio , Garcia Ricardo
Published: September 2022

Bimodal AFM reveals the modification of the nanomechanical properties of organic electronic materials upon voltage-driven ion uptake.
Self-passivated edges of ZnO nanoribbons: a global search
Authors: Ding Li-Ping , Tang Yan , Shao Peng , Zhang Hui , Guo Yi-Jin , Zeng Jia-Hao , Zhao Ya-Ru
Published: September 2022

Three types of pristine edges, reconstructed edges and the band structures of 2D ZnO.
A targeted hydrodynamic gold nanorod delivery system based on gigahertz acoustic streaming
Authors: He Shan , Pang Wei , Wu Xiaoyu , Yang Yang , Li Wenjun , Qi Hang , Sun Chongling , Duan Xuexin , Wang Yanyan
Published: September 2022

A hydrodynamic delivery system based on gigahertz acoustic streaming was established, which can realize rapid gold nanorods intracellular introduction with tunable delivery range and organelle targeting.
Hyperthermia-induced stellate cell deactivation to enhance dual chemo and pH-responsive photothermal therapy for pancreatic cancers
Authors: Hu Qinglian , Xu Minjie , Feng Jiayu , Xie Hui , Li Jingyu , He Ying , Tang Guping , Guo Bing
Published: September 2022

Lipid nanoparticles loaded with dual gemcitabine and pH-sensitive photothermal drug generate local hyperthermia, assist in deactivating pancreatic stellate cells, enhance drug penetration and significantly boost chemo-phototherapy outcomes.
Magnetic responsive composites made from a sulfur-rich polymer
Authors: Lundquist Nicholas A. , Yin Yanting , Mann Maximilian , Tonkin Samuel J. , Slattery Ashley D. , Andersson Gunther G. , Gibson Christopher T. , Chalker Justin M.
Published: September 2022

A magnetic responsive composite was made from a sulfur-rich polymer and iron nanoparticles. Diverse applications in mercury remediation, microwave curing, and magnetic responsive actuators were demonstrated.
In situ construction of 1D/2D ZnO/graphdiyne oxide heterostructures for enhanced photocatalytic reduction in a gas phase
Authors: Zhao Jiangting , Xiong Zhuo , Wang Junyi , Qiu Yaqin , Zhao Yongchun , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Junying
Published: September 2022

The band structure of GDO is matched with ZnO to form an S-Scheme heterostructure, resulting in excellent charge separation performance. The ZnO/GDO has strong reactant adsorption capacity due to the enlarged specific surface area and abundant hydrophilic oxygen-containing functional groups.
Molecular mechanism of rigidity- and planarity-promoted, state-dependent doping of conjugated ladder-type molecules
Authors: Lee Jongbok , Li Shi , Ji Xiaozhou , Che Sai , Cao Yirui , Tabor Daniel P. , Fang Lei
Published: September 2022

We report the synthesis and analysis of a series of conjugated ladder-type heteroarene model π-donor compounds, followed by computational and experimental mechanistic investigations of their π–π interactions and doping processes with the electron-deficient dopant F4TCNQ.
Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective domino ring-opening/Hiyama coupling of cyclobutanones: development and application to the synthesis of (+)-herbertene-1,14-diol
Authors: Gan Wan-Er , Cao Jian , Xu Li-Wen
Published: September 2022

A palladium-catalyzed enantioselective domino ring-opening/Hiyama coupling of cyclobutanones is reported, providing chiral 1-indanones bearing a versatile alkenyl group.
A new family of NaTMGe (TM = 3d transition metals) half-Heusler compounds: the role of TM modification
Authors: Vu Tuan V. , Nguyen Duy Khanh , Guerrero-Sanchez J. , Rivas-Silva J. F. , Cocoletzi Gregorio H. , Hoat D. M.
Published: September 2022

Band structures of NaTMGe half-Heusler compounds.
Dewetting of ultrathin Ag film with random vacancy defects on a SiO2 substrate: a molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Wang Lei
Published: September 2022

The characteristic dewetting time (t) of a metallic thin film on SiO2 decreases dramatically with the increase of the film vacancy rate (f).
Development of nanoemulsions for the delivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Tayeb Hossam H. , Moqaddam Shahd A. , Hasaballah Nojod H. , Felimban Raed I.
Published: September 2022

Single and double nanoemulsions for the delivery of natural and synthetic antimicrobial compounds as potential treatments toward antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and properties of methyl-substituted coronene amide analogue
Authors: Rakumitsu Kenta , Fujii Miho , Kusumoto Sotaro , Kikkawa Shoko , Azumaya Isao , Yokoyama Akihiro
Published: September 2022

The palladium-mediated intramolecular biarylation of the cyclic triamide of 2-bromo-4-(isobutylamino)benzoic acid proceeded effectively by the introduction of three methyl groups and the use of tri-tert-butylphosphine as the ligand.
Exchange bias and magnetic memory effect in hole doped Nd0.78Sr0.22CoO3nanoparticles
Authors: Giri Neepamala , Biswas Bohnni Shikha , Sengupta Payal , Ray Ruma
Published: September 2022

Nd0.78Sr0.22CoO3nanoparticles having 89 nm average particle size are synthesized by standard sol–gel techniques.
Quantum chemical investigation of the effect of alkali metal ions on the dynamic structure of water in aqueous solutions
Authors: Khanal Rabi , Irle Stephan
Published: September 2022

Cation size primarily governs dynamic correlations in aqueous solutions. However, drawing a clear line between chaotropic and cosmotrope ions is complicated by the fact that all cations delay dynamic correlation decay.
Effects of four drying methods on Amomum villosum Lour. ‘Guiyan1’ volatile organic compounds analyzed via headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with OPLS-DA
Authors: Tu Xinghao , Liu Yijun , Yanli Yao , Wenxiu Li , Ping Luo , Du Liqing , He Junjun , Jian-neng Lu
Published: September 2022

This paper analyzed the effects of four drying methods (heat pump drying, hot air drying, sun drying, and freeze drying) on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in fresh ‘Guiyan1’ Amomum villosum Lour.
Antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of extracted Piper betle leaf materials by disc diffusion assay and batch experiments
Authors: Ngamsurach Pimploy , Praipipat Pornsawai
Published: September 2022

The alternative antibacterial material (PBB) is presented with high efficiency and reusability to apply for the disinfection of wastewater systems.
Molecular structure design of planar zwitterionic polymer electrode materials for all-organic symmetric batteries
Authors: Wang Jun , Liu Haichao , Du Chunya , Liu Yu , Liu Bing , Guan Haoran , Guan Shaowei , Sun Zhenhua , Yao Hongyan
Published: September 2022

A squaraine-linked polymer (PSQ) was applied in all-organic symmetric batteries. Attributed to its well-designed molecular strucuture, PSQ shows excellent electrochemical performance, which is one of the best results among the all-organic LIBs.
Correction: In situ monitoring of functional activity of extracellular matrix stiffness-dependent multidrug resistance protein 1 using scanning electrochemical microscopy
Authors: Kuermanbayi Shuake , Yang Yaowei , Zhao Yuxiang , Li Yabei , Wang Le , Yang Jin , Zhou Yan , Xu Feng , Li Fei
Published: September 2022

Correction for ‘In situ monitoring of functional activity of extracellular matrix stiffness-dependent multidrug resistance protein 1 using scanning electrochemical microscopy’ by Shuake Kuermanbayi et al., Chem. Sci., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2sc02708a.
Intrinsic aging in mixed-cation lead halide perovskites
Authors: Minussi Fernando B. , Bertoletti Eduardo M. , Eiras José A. , Araújo Eudes B.
Published: September 2022

Using the GAxMA1−xPbI3 system, we show that several characteristics of mixed-cation lead halide perovskites change under aging under mild conditions.
Dual-layer synergetic optimization of high-efficiency planar perovskite solar cells using nitrogen-rich nitrogen carbide as an additive
Authors: Yu Bo , Yu Huangzhong , Sun Yapeng , Zhang Jiankai
Published: September 2022

Under the synergistic effect of multilayer optimization with nitrogen-rich nitrogen carbide as a multifunctional additive, perovskite solar cells achieve the champion PCE of 22.34% and excellent photothermal stability.
Highly stable 1T-MoS2 by magneto-hydrothermal synthesis with Ru modification for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhu Lili , Wang Zheng , Li Changdian , Li Han , Huang Yanan , Li Hui , Wu Ziqiang , Lin Shuai , Li Neng , Zhu Xuebin , Sun Yuping
Published: September 2022

Ru/1T-MoS2 with excellent hydrogen evolution activity were designed by a two-step method of phase engineering and noble metal modification. The reasons behind its excellent hydrogen evolution activity were revealed experimentally and theoretically.
The “burst effect” of hydrogen desorption in MgH2 dehydrogenation
Authors: Dong Shuai , Li Chaoqun , Wang Jinhui , Liu Hao , Ding Zhao , Gao Zhengyang , Yang Weijie , Lv Wei , Wei Li , Wu Ying , Li Hao
Published: September 2022

A “burst effect” was found in the dehydrogenation process of MgH2.
A green flexible and wearable biosensor based on carbon nanofibers for sensitive detection of uric acid in artificial urine
Authors: Zheng Hao , Han Xiao , Wei Qiulin , Liu Xinliang , Li Yao , Zhou Jinghui
Published: September 2022

Wearable biosensors have great advantages and application potential in the field of real-time detection.
Synthesis, biochemical characterization and in silico investigation of 3-(butylamino)-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid derivatives: dual action mode inhibitors of urease and virulent bacterial stains
Authors: Irshad Sajid , Ahmad Saeed , Khan Shafi Ullah , Khan Mohsin Abbas , Ejaz Syeda Abida , Rao Huma , Khurshid Umair , Ahmed Aftab , Shahzad Nadeem , Al-kahtani Hamad M. , Waheed Affan , Wani Tanveer A. , Aborode Abdullahi Tunde
Published: September 2022

In the present work, we reported the synthesis of Schiff bases from 4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid motif. The reaction was carried out by substitution of different aldehyde and ketones at sulfamoyl group of sulfamoylbenzoic acid. The generated substituted products (4a–4i) possessed potent structure activity relationship and exhibited drug like properties. The structures of synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The effects of synthesized products were investigated on urease enzyme through anti-urease enzyme inhibition assay (Weather burn method). These compounds were further evaluated for antibacterial potential. The Rationale behind the assessment of antibacterial activity was to investigate the synthesized compound's dual mode action against urease and virulent bacterial strains in order to develop a lead candidate for the treatment of GIT diseases such as gastric and peptic ulcers, as well as hepatic encephalopathy. The synthesized derivatives have outstanding anti-urease and antibacterial action, as is evident from in vitro and in silico studies. As a result, these compounds (3-(butylamino)-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid; 4a-4i) might be explored further as a potential lead for the development of potent inhibitors in the future.
Studying actin-induced cell shape changes using Giant Unilamellar Vesicles and reconstituted actin networks
Authors: Lopes dos Santos Rogério , Campillo Clément
Published: September 2022

Cell shape changes that are fuelled by the dynamics of the actomyosin cytoskeleton control cellular processes such as motility and division. However, the mechanisms of interplay between cell membranes and actomyosin are complicated to decipher in the complex environment of the cytoplasm. Using biomimetic systems offers an alternative approach to studying cell shape changes in assays with controlled biochemical composition. Biomimetic systems allow quantitative experiments that can help to build physical models describing the processes of cell shape changes. This article reviews works in which actin networks are reconstructed inside or outside cell-sized Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs), which are models of cell membranes. We show how various actin networks affect the shape and mechanics of GUVs and how some cell shape changes can be reproduced in vitro using these minimal systems.
Black hole–neutron star mergers: The first mass gap and kilonovae
Authors: Drozda P. , Belczynski K. , O’Shaughnessy R. , Bulik T. , Fryer C. L.
Published: September 2022

Observations of X-ray binaries indicate a dearth of compact objects in the mass range from ∼2 − 5 M⊙. The existence of this (first mass) gap has been used to discriminate between proposed engines behind core-collapse supernovae. From LIGO/Virgo observations of binary compact remnant masses, several candidate first mass gap objects, either neutron stars (NSs) or black holes (BHs), were identified during the O3 science run. Motivated by these new observations, we study the formation of BH-NS mergers in the framework of isolated classical binary evolution, using population synthesis methods to evolve large populations of binary stars (Population I and II) across cosmic time. We present results on the NS to BH mass ratios (q = MNS/MBH ) in merging systems, showing that although systems with a mass ratio as low as q = 0.02 can exist, typically BH-NS systems form with moderate mass ratios q = 0.1 − 0.2. If we adopt a delayed supernova engine, we conclude that ∼30% of BH-NS mergers may host at least one compact object in the first mass gap (FMG). Even allowing for uncertainties in the processes behind compact object formation, we expect the fraction of BH-NS systems ejecting mass during the merger to be small (from ∼0.6 − 9%). In our reference model, we assume: (i) the formation of compact objects within the FMG, (ii) natal NS/BH kicks decreased by fallback, (iii) low BH spins due to Tayler-Spruit angular momentum transport in massive stars. We find that ≲1% of BH-NS mergers will have any mass ejection and about the same percentage will produce kilonova bright enough to have a chance of being detected with a large (Subaru-class) 8 m telescope. Interestingly, all these mergers will have both a BH and an NS in the FMG.
Reconstructing AGN X-ray spectral parameter distributions with Bayesian methods
Authors: Ge Lingsong , Paltani Stéphane , Eckert Dominique
Published: September 2022

X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGN) consist of several different emission and absorption components. To determine the spectral parameters, these components are often fitted manually with models chosen on a case-by-case basis. However, this approach has two problems. First, it becomes very hard for a survey with a large number of sources. Second, when the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is low, there is a tendency to adopt an overly simplistic model, biasing the parameters and making their uncertainties unrealistic. We developed a Bayesian method for automatically fitting AGN X-ray spectra obtained by XMM-Newton with a consistent and physically motivated model. Our model includes all spectral components, even when the data quality is low. We used a physical model for the X-ray background and an empirical model for the non-X-ray background. Noninformative priors were applied on the parameters of interest, the photon index (Γ) and the hydrogen column density (NH), while informative priors obtained from deep surveys were used to marginalize over the parameter space of the nuisance parameters. To improve speed, we developed a specific spectral extraction and fitting procedure. We tested this method using a realistic sample of 5000 spectra, which was simulated based on our source model, reproducing typical population properties. Spectral parameters were randomly drawn from the priors, taking the luminosity function into account. Well-constrained or meaningful posterior probability density distributions (PDFs) were obtained for the most relevant spectral parameters, for instance, NH, Γ, and LX, even at low S/N, but in this case, we were unable to constrain the parameters of secondary components such as the reflection and soft excess. As a comparison, a maximum-likelihood approach with model selection among six models of different complexities was also applied to this sample. We find clear failures in the measurement of Γ in most cases, and of NH when the source is unabsorbed (NH <  1022 cm−2). The results can hardly be used to reconstruct the parent distributions of the spectral parameters, while our Bayesian method provides meaningful multidimensional posteriors that will be used in a subsequent paper to infer the population.
Secure communication technology between network domains based on virtualization avionics platform
Authors: ZHANG Shuang , KONG Deqi , WANG Yuanxun , WAN Xinyu , YAO Hongjing , GUO Yangming
Published: September 2022

In the information interconnection scenario of the new generation wide-body aircraft, there is a large amount of real-time bi-directional data exchange between aircraft control domain and airline information services domain in civil aircraft avionics system, and its security isolation and information flow protection are facing increasingly serious information security threats. Therefore, a bi-directional secure communication architecture based on virtualization avionics platform is proposed in this study. The attribute-based access control for multiple avionics domain is modeling and the designs of protection for contract security critical data and real-time monitoring for security critical component effectiveness are given. Physical implementation and verification results based on the domestic ACoreOS operating system and avionics hardware platform show that the bi-directional secure communication method based on virtualization avionics platform achieves the spatial isolation of security critical components, the data transmit and receive time of ACD network is less than 50 ms, and the message transmit and receive rate of ACD network is greater than 70 Mb/s. These results can meet the performance requirements of secure communication between avionics network domains of wide-body aircraft, which have high practical value.
Attitude control of on-orbit capture spacecraft with angular velocity constraint
Authors: XU Lin , DAI Rui , YIN Chunwu , DUAN Zhongxing
Published: September 2022

Aiming at the attitude control problem of spacecraft in the capturing non-cooperative target process, a dual tracking robust adaptive attitude controller is designed. Firstly, a bounded virtual angular velocity is designed for the kinematics equations to guarantee that the attitude converges to zero quickly. Secondly, a new attitude controller is constructed based on the barrier Lyapunov function to ensure that the tracking error between virtual angular velocity and real angular velocity is bounded. The physical constraint of the angular velocity is satisfied. Applying Lyapunov's stability theory, the global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed. To overcome the nonlinear parameter perturbation with unknown upper bound in the process of capturing non-cooperative target, an adaptive updating law based on linear regression operator is constructed to estimate the rotational inertia on-line. Finally, the process of capturing the trajectory tracking of non-cooperative targets through numerical simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm designed is effective and robust under the constraint of the bounded angular velocity or internal parameter perturbation with unknown upper bound.
Geometric contact characteristics and sensitivity analysis of variable hyperbolic circular-arc-tooth-trace cylindrical gear with error theory considered
Authors: WEI Yongqiao , LI Zeyu , LIU Yongping , GUO Rui , YANG Dong , LUO Lan , CHEN Zhongmin
Published: September 2022

Gear transmission characteristics are the most important research contents in gear transmission, and contact characteristics are important factors that affect gear transmission performance. The establishment of tooth surface contact analysis (TCA) model of a gear pair plays a guiding role in analyzing its contact characteristics. The rotary surface equation of the variable hyperbolic circular-arc-tooth-trace (VH-CATT) cylindrical gear cutter is obtained with the large cutter forming principle, and the mathematical model of the gear tooth surface is established based on the gear meshing conditions. With the influence of installation error on gear contact performance considered, a TCA model with installation error was established. The influence of different installation errors and different design parameters on the geometric contact characteristics and sensitivity of the gear pair is analyzed. The analysis results show that the central distance error may affect the contact ratio of the VH-CATT cylindrical gear pair and that the shaft parallelism error has a great influence on its transmission characteristics, greatly changing the size and position of the gear pair contact area. The design parameters also affect the size and location of the contact area to various degrees.
An alien in Marseille: investigations on a single Aedes aegypti mosquito likely introduced by a merchant ship from tropical Africa to Europe
Authors: Jeannin Charles , Perrin Yvon , Cornelie Sylvie , Gloria-Soria Andrea , Gauchet Jean-Daniel , Robert Vincent
Published: September 2022

Control of invasive species relies partly on permanent surveillance at international points of entry. We report the exceptional trapping of one adult mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) in the port of Marseille, France, in July 2018, during a routine survey conducted according to International Health Regulations. Morphological and molecular identification classified the specimen as a female Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.), vector of many arboviruses, absent from Europe and the Mediterranean rim since the 1950s. A world reference panel of approximately 23,000 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms determined that the mosquito originated from Cameroon, west Africa. Cross-reference of this geographic location with boats traveling from Central Africa to Marseille during the trapping period suggests that the mosquito travelled within an identified merchant ship, a vehicles carrier connecting Douala, Cameroon to Marseille, France. This ship left Douala on June 25, 2018 and arrived 20 days later in Marseille on July 15. The mosquito was captured 350 m away from the dock. The interception of a propagule of an invasive species is a rare event that must be considered a priority to prevent its successful establishment.
Les inégalités sociales au temps du COVID-19
Authors: Bajos Nathalie , Warszawski Josiane , Pailhé Ariane , Counil Emilie , Jusot Florence , Spire Alexis , Martin Claude , Meyer Laurence , Sireyjol Antoine , Franck Jeanna-Eve , Lydié Nathalie
Published: September 2022

Notre pays — et la planète — traverse une crise épidémique majeure. Comme toute crise, elle peut
être révélatrice des forces et faiblesses de la société, et de ses composantes : celles de son
système de santé, de son système de recherche, du fonctionnement de la démocratie sanitaire…
Cet article aborde la question des inégalités sociales au temps du Covid-19 : la crise sanitaire, la
réaction politique et celle du système de santé les ont-elles amplifiées, atténuées ou les ont-elles
laissées telles qu’elles étaient auparavant ? Ce numéro spécial de la revue Questions de Santé
Publique apporte un éclairage sur cette question à partir de résultats originaux provenant de
l’enquête « Épidémiologie et conditions de vie » (EpiCoV), permettant de documenter dans les
meilleurs délais la situation exceptionnelle que nous traversons.
Peut-on tirer des leçons de l’Histoire pour la crise du Covid-19?
Authors: Moulin Anne Marie , De Facci Damiano
Published: September 2022

L’épidémie mondiale de Covid-19 que la planète connaît depuis maintenant plus d’un an, la
rapidité avec laquelle elle s’est propagée et l’ampleur de la crise, sanitaire, économique et sociale,
qu’elle a engendrée, fait naître le besoin de mieux comprendre les évènements que nous vivons
collectivement. Ce nouveau numéro de Questions de santé publique revient sur les épidémies que
l’humanité a connues précédemment. Les leçons de l’histoire pourraient-elles nous aider à mieux
comprendre la situation que nous vivons et à tracer un nouvel avenir ?
Le Nutri-Score, un étiquetage nutritionnel s’appuyant sur des bases scientifiques solides
Authors: Julia Chantal , Touvier Mathilde , Galan Pilar , Hercberg Serge
Published: September 2022

La France a adopté officiellement en 2017 un logo d’information nutritionnelle apposé sur la face
avant des emballages : le Nutri-Score. Depuis, il a été adopté dans plusieurs pays européens, et fait
partie des options avancées pour un logo harmonisé dans l’ensemble des pays de l’Union Européenne.
Appliqué de façon volontaire par les entreprises de l’agro-alimentaire, il apporte une information
simplifiée aux consommateurs sur la qualité nutritionnelle des produits, à partir des éléments de la
déclaration nutritionnelle et de la liste des ingrédients. Ce nouveau numéro de Questions de Santé
Publique revient sur la construction, le développement et l’implémentation du Nutri-Score en France,
ainsi que sur la manière dont il participe à améliorer les choix alimentaires des consommateurs en
situation d’achat, et comment, à l’avenir, il pourrait participer à la prévention des maladies chroniques
liées à la nutrition.
Réduction des dommages associés à l’alcool : quelles stratégies de prévention et d’accompagnement ?
Authors: Airagnes Guillaume , Lakhdar Christian Ben , Daeppen Jean-Bernard , Gallopel-Morvan Karine , Girandola Fabien , Lallemand-Mezger Valérie , Lartigot Louise , Lecrique Jean-Michel , Melchior Maria , Naassila Mickaël , Polomeni Pierre , Saurel-Cubizolles Marie-Josèphe
Published: September 2022

La consommation d’alcool, même à de faibles niveaux, est un fardeau pour la société française sur les plans sanitaire, social et économique. Les moyens alloués à la réduction de sa consommation et à la prise en charge de ses conséquences ne sont pour autant pas à la hauteur des enjeux et ne s’appuient pas assez sur les résultats de la recherche [1]. Sollicité par la Mission interministérielle de lutte contre les drogues et les conduites addictives (Mildeca) et la Direction générale de la santé (DGS), l’Inserm a réalisé une expertise collective faisant le bilan des connaissances scientifi ques sur la réduction des dommages associés à l’alcool afin de souligner les stratégies de prévention et d’accompagnement efficaces. S’appuyant sur les résultats de ce travail, ce numéro de Questions de santé publique expose les données récentes sur les consommations et leurs conséquences, sur les facteurs de risques et les politiques mises en place pour protéger la population ainsi que sur les stratégies de prévention. Il présente aussi les principales recommandations du groupe d’experts sur ce sujet. Les mesures préconisées ici, en direction des pouvoirs publics et de la population, ont fait la preuve de leur efficacité. Celles-ci devraient être au cœur d’une politique de Réduction Des Risques et des Dommages (RDRD) fondée sur une réduction des consommations.
Embolization of Large and Giant Posterior Fossa Hemangioblastomas: The Experience of a Single Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Bauman Megan M.J. , Bouchal Samantha M. , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Cloft Harry , Brinjikji Waleed , Peris Celda Maria , Link Michael J. , Parney Ian F.
Published: September 2022

Background Hemangioblastomas pose an inherent surgical risk due to the potential for high intraoperative blood loss, especially in larger tumors. One approach to minimize this risk is to use preoperative embolization. Herein, we present our institutional experience treating large and giant cerebellar hemangioblastomas.

Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of 19 patients with cerebellar hemangioblastomas that had a maximal diameter of >3 cm. We performed a literature review and included individual patient-level data that met our >3 cm diameter cerebellar hemangioblastoma inclusion criteria.

Results Our cohort consisted of 19 patients that received a total of 20 resections for their cerebellar hemangioblastomas. Preoperative embolization was utilized in eight cases (38.1%). One patient experienced transient neurological complications after embolization (12.5%). Tumors of patients in the embolization group had larger median total, solid, and cystic volumes and were more likely to involve the cerebellopontine angle than those in the non-embolized group. Compared with non-embolized patients, embolized patients had less decrease in their hemoglobin, lower volumes of estimated blood loss, reduced rates of postoperative complications and permanent deficits, and greater instances of neurological improvement. The larger cohort (obtained from the combining our cohort with patients identified during a literature review) consisted of 99 patients with 39 receiving preoperative embolization.

Conclusion It is important to examine individual patient characteristics when determining eligibility for preoperative embolization. However, improvements in endovascular techniques have made preoperative embolization a safe and effective procedure with minimal risks that can be performed in many patients.
Effects of Labor Analgesia on Pelvic Floor Function at 6 to 8 Weeks after Delivery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lv Aiming , Li Min , Li Junfeng , Gai Tianzi , Feng Qing , Deng Wenhui , Wang Shaowei
Published: September 2022

Objective The aim of the study is to determine whether the use of labor analgesia had a higher risk of pelvic floor functional problems after delivery.

Study Design All primiparas who delivered at our hospital between June 2019 and May 2020 were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups according to their choices: delivery with labor analgesia (analgesia group, n = 76), and delivery without labor analgesia (nonanalgesia group, n = 78). The primary outcome of the study was to test the pelvic floor function by electromyography (EMG) at postpartum 6 to 8 weeks. Participants also completed questionnaires including Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20), International Consultation on Incontinent Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) at postpartum 6 to 8 weeks.

Results Primiparas in the analgesia group experienced longer first and second stages of labor (p< 0.05), and had significantly higher PFDI-20 scores at postpartum 6 to 8 weeks (p< 0.05). But the differences in ICIQ-SF, OABSS scores, and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system between the two groups were not significant (p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in class II and class I muscles, scores of pretest resting baseline, and posttest resting baseline between primiparas with or without labor analgesia (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Our results strongly confirmed that labor analgesia did not increase the risk of pelvic floor dysfunction up to 6 to 8 weeks after delivery, although symptom burden might be increased after labor analgesia.

Key Points
Impact of Social Media on Applicant Perspectives of Ophthalmology Residency Programs
Authors: Shah Sanket S. , Veligandla Sravya , Compton Christopher , Al-khersan Hasenin , Sridhar Jayanth
Published: September 2022

Purpose This article evaluates the relevance of social media to ophthalmology residency applicants in the setting of virtual interviews, the types of information sought by applicants, and the impact of rebranding of an institutional and departmental social media account.

Design Cross-sectional survey.

Participants Ophthalmology residency applicants from the 2020 to 2021 cycle.

Methods A voluntary survey was emailed to 481 applicants to the University of Louisville Department of Ophthalmology residency during the 2020 to 2021 application cycle to gauge the impact of social media on their perspectives of residency programs, especially with regards to a new departmental social media account.

Main Outcome Measures Applicants' use of social media platforms and specific components of departmental social media accounts found most useful.

Results The 13-question survey was completed by 84/481 applicants (17.5% response rate). Social media was used by 93% of respondents. Of those respondents reporting social media use, the most common platforms utilized included Instagram (85%), Facebook (83%), Twitter (41%), and LinkedIn (29%). Sixty-nine percent of respondents specifically used Instagram to learn more about residency programs. With regards to the rebranded Instagram account at the University of Louisville, 58% of respondents reported being influenced, with all asserting that the account positively encouraged them to apply to the program. The most informative elements of the account related to current resident profiles, resident life, and living in Louisville.

Conclusion A majority of responding ophthalmology residency applicants utilized social media to search for program information. A newly developed social media profile at a single institution positively influenced applicant impressions of the program, with the most importance assigned to information provided about current residents and typical resident life. These findings suggest key areas where programs should continue to dedicate online resources with targeted information to better recruit applicants.
Serum Vitamins A, D, and Zinc Levels in Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Yilmaz Aslı İmran , Ünal Gökçen , Keleş Sevgi , Pekcan Sevgi , Kiliç Ahmet Osman , Akcan Özge Metin , Erdoğan Kubra Nur , Özdemir Hüseyin Safa , Kilinç Ibrahim , Özdemir Mehmet
Published: September 2022

Objective Vitamin D, due to its immunomodulating effect, zinc, and vitamin A, which affect cellular and humoral immunity, are thought to affect the clinical severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The present study evaluates the association between vitamin A, D, and zinc deficiencies and disease severity in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infections.

Methods The levels of vitamin A, D, and zinc at the time of diagnosis of 123 pediatric patients who presented to our hospital and were diagnosed as having hospitalized, nonhospitalized COVID-19 infection group, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) were evaluated. The correlations of the measured levels with the disease severity and the need for intensive care or hospitalization were analyzed.

Results Among the 123 patients, 21.1% (n = 26), 42.2% (n = 52), and 36.7% (n = 45) had a diagnosis of MIS-C, belonged to the hospitalized COVID-19 infection group, or belonged to the nonhospitalized COVID-19 infection group, respectively. Zinc levels were significantly lower in the MIS-C group than in the nonhospitalized group (p < 0.05). Vitamin A levels were found to be significantly lower in the MIS-C group than in the nonhospitalized group (p < 0.01) and significantly lower in the hospitalized group when compared with the nonhospitalized group (p < 0.001). Deficiencies in vitamin A, vitamin D, and zinc levels were found to be most common in the MIS-C group (42.3%) and in hospitalized COVID-19 group (15.3%). In the nonhospitalized COVID-19 group, it was found to be the lowest at 6.6%.

Conclusion Based on the results of the present study and a literature review, it can be said that vitamin A, D, and zinc deficiencies may associate with the severity of COVID-19, although more studies are required to clarify this subject further.
The long-run impacts of paid maternity leave on height and educational attainment
Authors: Le Kien , Nguyen My
Published: September 2022

This study investigates the extent to which paid maternity leave affects educational attainment and adult height in 29 developing countries between 1990 and 2019. The identification hinges upon the variation in the educational achievement and health outcomes of individuals residing in the same place but exposed to different lengths of paid maternity leave at birth due to policy reforms. The analysis uncovers the long-lasting favorable effects of paid maternity leave as an additional week of leave duration could result in an increase of around 0.007 years in educational attainment and 0.056 cm in adult height. The study calls for the enforcement and extension of paid maternity leave.
Electrical breakdown of a dielectric for the formation of a superconducting nanocontact
Authors: Bondarenko S. I. , Krevsun A. V. , Koverya V. P. , Sivakov A. G. , Galushkov R. S.
Published: September 2022

Electrical breakdown of the dielectric nanolayer between film electrodes of niobium and an alloy of 50% indium and 50% tin forms a bridge of this alloy between the electrodes. The bridge resistance depends on the breakdown current. The length of the bridge is equal to the thickness of the dielectric (30 nm), and its diameter is 25 nm. The calculated coherence length of the alloy at 2 K is close to the length of the bridge. The calculated critical current of a bridge with a resistance of 1 Ω at a temperature of 0 K is 1 mA. It is concluded that such a bridge should have the properties of a Josephson contact at a temperature lower than the critical temperature of the alloy (6.5 K).