bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Acceleration of the Young Solar Wind from Different Source Regions
Authors: Jiao Yiming , Liu Ying D. , Cheng Wenshuai , Ran Hao , Wang Rui
Published: November 2024

The acceleration of the young solar wind is studied using the first 17 encounters of the Parker Solar Probe. We identify wind intervals from different source regions: coronal hole (CH) interiors, streamers, and low-Mach-number boundary layers (LMBLs), i.e., the inner boundaries of coronal holes. We present their statistical trends in the acceleration process. Most of the observations can be reproduced by a two-fluid hydrodynamic model with realistic corona temperatures. In such a model, the solar wind is accelerated by the combined thermal pressures of protons and electrons, but it is mainly the difference in the proton pressure that leads to the difference in the solar wind speed. The proton pressure is the highest in the fastest CH wind, with a high initial proton temperature that decreases slowly. It is lower in the relatively slow LMBL wind and the lowest in the slowest streamer wind. The proton temperature is quadratically correlated with the wind speed when scaled to the same distance. In contrast, the electron temperature shows no significant differences for different wind types or wind speeds, indicating more similar contributions from the electron pressure. The model gives reasonable locations for the sonic critical point, which is on average at 3.6–7.3 Rs
and can also extend to large distances when the proton temperature is extremely low, as in the LMBL wind. In addition to the thermal pressure, we raise the possibility that Alfvén waves may contribute to the solar wind acceleration, especially for the fast CH wind.
Probing the Low-velocity Regime of Nonradiative Shocks with Neutron Star Bow Shocks
Authors: Ocker Stella Koch , Cosens Maren
Published: November 2024

Nonradiative shocks accelerate particles and heat astrophysical plasmas. While supernova remnants are the most well-studied example, neutron star (NS) bow shocks are also nonradiative and Balmer dominated. NS bow shocks are likely ubiquitous in the interstellar medium due to their large speeds imparted at birth, and they are thought to be a discrete source population contributing to the Galactic cosmic-ray spectrum. To date, nine NS bow shocks have been directly observed in Hα images. Most of these shocks have been characterized using narrowband Hα imaging and slit spectroscopy, which do not resolve the multicomponent velocity structure of the shocks and their spatial geometry. Here we present integral field spectroscopy of three NS bow shocks: J0742−2822, J1741−2054, and J2225+6535 (the Guitar Nebula). We measure the shock properties simultaneously in four dimensions: the 2D projected shock morphology, the radial velocity structure, and the Hα flux. The broad-to-narrow line ratio (I
b/I
n) is inferred from radial velocity profiles, and for J1741−2054, the narrow line is detected in multiple regions of the shock. The inferred line ratios and widths suggest that NS bow shocks represent a low-shock velocity regime (V ≲ 200 km s−1) in which I
b/I
n is high, distinct from the shock regime probed by supernova remnants. Our results illustrate a need for nonradiative shock models at velocities lower than previously considered, which will reveal the electron–ion temperature ratios and particle acceleration efficiencies of these bow shocks.
The Polar Vortex Hypothesis: Evolving, Spectrally Distinct Polar Regions Explain Short- and Long-term Light-curve Evolution and Color–Inclination Trends in Brown Dwarfs and Giant Exoplanets
Authors: Fuda Nguyen , Apai Dániel
Published: November 2024

Recent studies revealed viewing-angle-dependent color and spectral trends in brown dwarfs, as well as long-term photometric variability (∼100 hr). The origins of these trends are yet unexplained. Here, we propose that these seemingly unrelated sets of observations stem from the same phenomenon: the polar regions of brown dwarfs and directly imaged exoplanets are spectrally different from lower-latitude regions, and they evolve over longer timescales, possibly driven by polar vortices. We explore this hypothesis via a spatiotemporal atmosphere model capable of simulating time series and disk-integrated spectra of ultracool atmospheres. We study three scenarios with different spectral and temporal components: a null hypothesis without polar vortex, and two scenarios with polar vortices. We find that the scenarios with polar vortex can explain the observed infrared color–inclination trend and the variability amplitude–inclination trend. The presence of spectrally distinct, time-evolving polar regions in brown dwarfs and giant exoplanet atmospheres raises the possibility that one-dimensional static atmospheric models may be insufficient for reproducing ultracool atmospheres in detail.
Astroparticles from X-Ray Binary Coronae
Authors: Fang K. , Halzen Francis , Heinz Sebastian , Gallagher John S.
Published: November 2024

The recent observation of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic plane implies an abundant population of hadronic cosmic-ray sources in the Milky Way. We explore the role of the coronae of accreting stellar-mass black holes as such astroparticle emitters. We show that the particle acceleration and interaction timescales in the coronal region are tied to the compactness of the X-ray source. Thus, neutrino emission processes may similarly happen in the cores of active galactic nuclei and black hole X-ray binaries (XRBs), despite their drastically different masses and physical sizes. We apply the model to the well-measured XRB Cygnus X-1 and find that the cascaded gamma rays accompanying the neutrino emission naturally explain the GeV emission that only presents during the source’s hard state, while the state-averaged gamma-ray emission explains the LHAASO observation above 20 TeV. We show that XRB coronae could contribute significantly to the Galactic cosmic-ray and Galactic plane neutrino fluxes. Our model predicts variable high-energy neutrino emission from bright Galactic XRBs that may be observed by IceCube and future neutrino observatories.
Dynamics of Binary Planets within Star Clusters
Authors: Huang 黄 Yukun 宇坤 , Zhu 祝 Wei 伟 , Kokubo 小久 Eiichiro 保英一郎
Published: November 2024

We develop analytical tools and perform three-body simulations to investigate the orbital evolution and dynamical stability of binary planets within star clusters. Our analytical results show that the orbital stability of a planetary-mass binary against passing stars is mainly related to its orbital period. Critical flybys, defined as stellar encounters with energy kicks comparable to the binary binding energy, can efficiently produce a wide range of semimajor axes (a) and eccentricities (e) from a dominant population of primordially tight Jupiter-mass binary objects (JuMBOs). The critical flyby criterion we derived offers an improvement over the commonly used tidal radius criterion, particularly in high-speed stellar encounters. Applying our results to the recently discovered JuMBOs by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), our simulations suggest that to match the observed ∼9% wide binary fraction, an initial semimajor axis of a
0 ∼ 10–20 au and a density-weighted residence time of χ ≳ 104 Myr pc−3 are favored. These results imply that the JWST JuMBOs probably formed as tight binaries near the cluster core.
Spectral Characteristics of Fundamental–Harmonic Pairs of Interplanetary Type III Radio Bursts Observed by PSP
Authors: Chen 陈 Ling 玲 , Ma 马 Bing 兵 , Wu 吴 Dejin 德金 , Ning 宁 Zongjun 宗军 , Zhou 周 Xiaowei 晓伟 , Bale Stuart D.
Published: November 2024

Based on the observations by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) during its encounter phases of approaching the Sun, I. C. Jebaraj et al. found that fundamental–harmonic (F-H) pairs constitute a majority of interplanetary (IP) type III radio bursts. In the present Letter, spectral characteristics of the IP F-H pairs are identified and analyzed further. The observations were made with the Radio Frequency Spectrometer (RFS) experiment on the PSP spacecraft in its encounter phase from the first to the ninth orbit as it traveled from 0.17 to 0.074 au from the Sun. The result shows that the occurrence rate of F-H pairs rises significantly with the rise in the number of IP type III radio bursts detected by the PSP or the enhancement in the time resolution of the RFS instrument. In particular, we compare the relationship between F and H spectral characteristics, such as the frequency-drift rate, emission intensity, relative bandwidth, duration, and fine structure. The results will be helpful for us to understand the physics underlying the generation and evolution of the IP F-H pairs as well as other IP type III radio bursts.
Numerical and analytical approach to the Chandrasekhar quadratic functional integral equation using Picard and Adomian decomposition methods
Authors: Ziada Eman A. A. , Hashem Hind , Al-Jaser Asma , Moaaz Osama , Botros Monica
Published: November 2024

This research aimed to find numerical solutions to a type of nonlinear initial value problem (IVP) for hybrid fractional differential equations. Using the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and the Picard method (PM), we studied the Chandrasekhar quadratic integral equation (QIE). Furthermore, we investigated existence and uniqueness results using measures of weak noncompactness. Through a set of examples and numerical simulations, a comparison was made between the results of the AMD and PM.
HIV dynamics in a periodic environment with general transmission rates
Authors: Alharbi Mohammed H.
Published: November 2024

In the current study, we present a mathematical model for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) transmission, incorporating Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte immune impairment within a seasonal environment. The model divides the infected cell compartment into two sub-compartments: latently infected cells and productively infected cells. Additionally, we consider three possible routes of infection, allowing HIV to spread among susceptible cells via direct contact with the virus, latently infected cells, or productively infected cells. The system is analyzed, and the basic reproduction number is derived using an integral operator. We demonstrate that the HIV-free periodic trajectory is globally asymptotically stable if $ \mathcal{R}_0 < 1 $, while HIV persists when $ \mathcal{R}_0 > 1 $. Several numerical simulations are provided to validate the theoretical results.
Limited type subsets of locally convex spaces
Authors: Gabriyelyan Saak
Published: November 2024

Let $ 1\leq p\leq q\leq\infty. $ Being motivated by the classical notions of limited, $ p $-limited, and coarse $ p $-limited subsets of a Banach space, we introduce and study $ (p, q) $-limited subsets and their equicontinuous versions and coarse $ p $-limited subsets of an arbitrary locally convex space $ E $. Operator characterizations of these classes are given. We compare these classes with the classes of bounded, (pre)compact, weakly (pre)compact, and relatively weakly sequentially (pre)compact sets. If $ E $ is a Banach space, we show that the class of coarse $ 1 $-limited subsets of $ E $ coincides with the class of $ (1, \infty) $-limited sets, and if $ 1 < p < \infty $, then the class of coarse $ p $-limited sets in $ E $ coincides with the class of $ p $-$ (V^\ast) $ sets of Pełczyński. We also generalize a known theorem of Grothendieck.
Description préliminaire de la séquence céramique de la région de Nachtigal amont (sud Cameroun)
Authors: Saulieu Geoffroy de , Nlend Pascal Nlend , Ngouoh François , Sokona Bissaï , Abanda Louis Minegue
Published: November 2024

Le suivi du volet d’archéologie préventive du chantier de barrage hydroélectrique de Nachtigal amont s’est déroulé en deux phases, de 2019 à 2023, grâce à deux contrats gérés par l’IRD et réalisés par une équipe franco-camerounaise. Ces prestations ont permis de récolter plus de 75 148 tessons de poterie sur un peu plus de 200 sites. Une quarantaine de datations radiocarbones au spectromètre de masse par accélérateur ont été réalisées. La description typochronologique préliminaire que nous proposons est fondée sur l’examen d’environ 20 000 fragments provenant de 58 sites archéologiques. Il semble que la séquence se compose de sept groupes différents reconnus surtout par rapport aux critères morphologiques-décoratifs : groupe I (ixe-viie siècle avant notre ère), groupe IIa (viiie-ve siècle avant notre ère), groupe IIb (vie-iie siècle avant notre ère), groupe III (iie siècle avant notre ère-ve siècle de notre ère), groupe IV (xiie-xive siècle de notre ère), groupe V (xve-xviie siècle de notre ère) et groupe VI (xviie siècle de notre ère-époque contemporaine).
Les maisons de chefferie du Mbam (Cameroun)
Authors: Seignobos Christian , Bomono Henri Yambéné
Published: November 2024

Les maisons de chefferie du Mbam, architectures datées – 1920 jusqu’à fin 1930 –, sont nées de la volonté de l’administration coloniale, qui cherchait à renforcer le pouvoir des chefs qu’elle avait nommés dans des sociétés qui en étaient dépourvues au sens où elle l’entendait. Il s’agit de bâtiments à l’image des demeures coloniales du début du xxe siècle : un étage, entouré d’une véranda généralement portée par des arcades ou des piliers de briques. L’accès à l’étage se fait par un escalier qui se veut monumental. Ces constructions ont, par ailleurs, permis d’initier des corps de métier qui influenceront l’ensemble des architectures locales. La présence de ces demeures désigne aujourd’hui des lieux de pouvoir. Sur ces sites, des ayants droit cherchent à construire au plus près de ces maisons ou de ce qu’il en reste pour signifier leur apparentement avec les chefs défunts et, partant, leur niveau de prétention à la chefferie ou à des représentations locales voire nationales de leur communauté.
Tahirou Husseini, dernier teinturier actif du Nord Bénin
Authors: Gosselain Olivier P. , Mardjoua Barpougouni
Published: November 2024

En mars 2023, nous avons pu observer et interroger le dernier teinturier en activité du Nord Bénin, dans un quartier de la ville de Nikki. Trésor humain vivant dont la disparition pourrait signifier celle d’une tradition technique vieille de plusieurs siècles, Tahirou Husseini a réalisé devant nous plusieurs opérations relatives à la préparation du bain de teinture et à la coloration des textiles. Il nous a également décrit le contexte dans lequel se pratiquait le métier par le passé et les changements qui se sont opérés au fil du temps. Dans cet article, nous partageons ces informations. Certaines ont rarement été évoquées dans la littérature.
L’organisation communautaire au sein du service public québécois
Authors: Berthiaume Annabelle , Mariette Audrey
Published: November 2024

Cet article porte sur l’émergence, la structuration et les pratiques d’un groupe professionnel, celui des organisateur·rices communautaires (OC) au sein du réseau public de la santé et des services sociaux au Québec. S’appuyant sur des pratiques issues des mouvements sociaux, le segment étatisé de ce groupe professionnel s’est adapté tout en participant aux évolutions de l’action publique pour définir sa position et maintenir le sens de son travail au service des habitant·es des quartiers populaires et de la lutte contre les inégalités sociales. À partir du cas d’un OC ayant exercé dans un quartier populaire de Montréal de 1976 à 2012, nous revenons sur les incertitudes et les ambivalences qui ont accompagné la professionnalisation du groupe des OC au sein du service public, entre approche contestataire et approche pragmatique de l’action publique. L’étude de cette trajectoire singulière insérée dans la trajectoire collective du groupe professionnel éclaire les transformations de l’État social pour montrer comment les tensions constitutives du métier et les pratiques professionnelles entre action collective et action publique se reconfigurent.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Blended with Rice Husk Ash, Oyster Shell Powder, and Ferrous Powder
Authors: Labador Charmelin Kreisle C. , Gili Mon Bryan Z. , Tumlos Roy B.
Published: November 2024

Due to emerging global environmental awareness, the increasing demand on synthesizing green materials for structural purposes became prevalent. This study utilized agricultural, aquacultural, and industrial waste as partial replacement for fine aggregates in concrete. One standard and six concrete samples with various proportions (20% and 40%) of rice husk ash (RHA), oyster shell powder (OSP), and ferrous powder (FeP) were constructed and tested for their mechanical properties (i.e., compressive and split tensile strength). The samples containing 20% and 40% FeP attained the highest compressive (22.71 MPa) and split tensile strength (1.379 MPa), respectively, which are closest to the control, M25 grade concrete (C-M25), (23.87 MPa), and (1.44 MPa), respectively. Concrete fracture analysis indicated that the cylinders were well constructed as implied by the fracture types. The C-FeP is the best concrete mixture attaining superior compressive and split tensile strength values.
Seed-Specific Dynamics: Unraveling Progeny Emergence Patterns in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Infestations
Authors: Premathilaka P. A. P. I. , Egodawatta W. C. P. , Wijayaratne L. K. W.
Published: November 2024

Edible seeded crops are important nutrient source for both human and animals. Among the various causes of grain losses before consumption, stored-product pests claim an important place. Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) damages a wide array of food commodities including grains, during storage, but the information on progeny emergence on certain commodities still remains unexplored. A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the progeny development of T. castaneum in commonly used edible seeds during storage. Twenty, one-month-old T. castaneum adults were introduced to 30 g samples of each seed type, with four replicates tested. Except for dhal and groundnut, all the other edible seed types were used only as whole seeds. Test samples of dhal and groundnut were used in their whole form as well as 50% broken seeds. Samples were maintained at 30±1°C and 65±1% relative humidity. After 7 days, adults were removed, and samples were kept for progeny development. Progeny adults and larvae were counted at 30 and 60 days. The adult progeny emergence was highest in oats, sesame and proso millet (Meneri). Larval emergence was higher in dhal (50% broken), groundnut (50% broken), barley and proso millet (Meneri). These findings provide important insights into the infestation of edible seeds by T. castaneum and opens-up avenues for adopting suitable methods to protect these during storage. As the presence of broken seed enhances the progeny development of T. castaneum, preventing such occurrences during grain processing and maintaining cleanliness are important practices during postharvest operations.
Note on Lucanus Scopoli 1763 species from Southeast Asia with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)
Authors: Sato Jin , Dang Ngoc Van , Zilioli Michele
Published: November 2024

Lucanus collardi n.sp. from Vietnam and Laos is described. It belongs to the large L. fortunei Saunders 1854 species group and is closely related to L. adelmae Zilioli 2003. Lucanus collardi n.sp. can be easily distinguished at a glance from L. adelmae through the longer and differently denticulated mandibles, the pronounced posterolateral corners of the cephalic lobes, and the aedeagus, with longer flagellum, less widened apex and feebly curved parameres. The female of Lucanus satoi Nagai & Tsukamoto 2003 is also described for the first time, and the genitalia of that species are illustrated.
Bilateral lower limb weakness due to transverse myelitis as a first presentation of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Salim Firas , Abuhashem Shadi , Nassar Osayd , Alfroukh Khadeejeh , Alzatari Ibrahim , Smerat Mohammad I. , Atawnah Saed I.
Published: November 2024

The occurrence of transverse myelitis (TM) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients is a rarely reported event with only a few reports of similar cases in existing literature. When faced with a patient with TM, attention should be focused on determining the cause. AS should be kept in mind as a possible etiology. We report the case of a 58-year-old female patient who presented at Al-Ahli Hospital in Palestine, with a 3-day history of lower limb weakness, preceded by a 1-month history of lower back pain with radiation to lower limbs. Based on clinical findings and a comprehensive diagnostic work-up, the patient was diagnosed with TM along with AS. Steroid therapy was started, with pulse therapy having minimal effect. Due to the poor response to steroid therapy, plasmapheresis was done with a good response. After careful consideration, our patient was discharged on low-dose oral glucocorticoids for her TM, and methotrexate for her AS, with close follow-up by a neurologist and a rheumatologist.
The frequency of suprascapular neuropathy in Egyptian patients with chronic shoulder pain, focusing on the impact of manual labor
Authors: Saif Dalia Salah , Serag Dina Mamdoh , Elaraby Hager Abd-Elmegeed , El Ghanam Mohamed M. , Soliman Samar Gaber
Published: November 2024

CONTEXT:

The suprascapular nerve (SSN) arises from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. It provides sensory branches to the shoulder joints as well as motor branches to the infraspinatus (IS) and supraspinatus (SS) muscles. Although the entrapment of the SSN is uncommon, it occurs at variant locations along its pathway and is manifested by muscle atrophy, weakness, and shoulder pain. This study aimed to determine the frequency of SSN affection in Egyptian patients with chronic nonspecific shoulder pain, with a particular emphasis on the variations in this frequency between manual and nonmanual workers.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional analytic study comprised 174 patients with chronic nonspecific shoulder pain. Patients were classified into manual worker and nonmanual worker groups. All participants underwent clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological studies involving motor nerve conduction studies of the SSN and electromyography of SS and IS muscles.

RESULTS:

Across all study patients, the frequency of SSN affection was 21.8%, whereas it was 35.9% in manual workers, compared to 6.1% in nonmanual workers, as determined by clinical and electrophysiological studies. Significant differences in the clinical and electrophysiological findings of SSN entrapment were found between the two groups.

CONCLUSION:

Suprascapular neuropathy, although rare, is increasingly recognized as a source of shoulder discomfort and pain resulting from nerve entrapment, especially in those who engage in overhead activities. Therefore, early detection, accurate localization, and effective treatment are crucial to prevent muscle atrophy and wasting.
Thyroid dysfunction and autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients at King Saud Medical City: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hegazy Asmaa , Dher Shatha Bin , Aleidan Fahad , Alhindi Raghad , Alamri Mohammed M. , Alshammari Saitah
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Autoimmune thyroid diseases often coexist with conditions such as Sjögren’s syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Studies have shown that patients with RA are at an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction. Studies conducted in Egypt and Jeddah have demonstrated a higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with RA. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its characteristics in patients with RA treated at a single center in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All patients with RA who qualified for the American Rheumatism Association criteria between 2016 and 2021 were eligible for inclusion. All patients underwent clinical examination and tests for thyroid function and RA-specific autoantibodies. The primary outcome was the presence or absence of thyroid disorders.

RESULTS:

A total of 158 RA patients were included. Eighty-five patients (53.8%) were seropositive, including 65 (41.1%) positive for rheumatoid factor and 58 (36.7%) positive for anti–citrullinated protein antibody. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in 108 (72%) patients and 28 (19%) patients had significant Disease Activity Score (DAS 28). Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 100 patients (66.7%). Sixteen percent of patients in this cohort had hypothyroidism and 4.2% had hyperthyroidism. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with hyperthyroidism (2.1% vs. 8.9%, P = 0.048). Vitamin D deficiency was not significantly linked to seropositive RA (50% vs. 60%, P = 0.247) but was significantly associated with higher DAS 28 (15% vs. 30%, P = 0.030).

CONCLUSION:

Our study provides insights into thyroid patterns in Saudi Arabian patients with RA, highlighting the role of Vitamin D in thyroid disorders and disease activity.

CATEGORIES: Internal Medicine, Rheumatology.
Early Childhood Caries: Expectant Mothers’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Willingness to Treatment
Authors: Venugopal Malini , Alex Vinitha , Khosla Ektah , Abraham K. Korath , James Arun Roy , Thenumkal Elsa
Published: November 2024

Background:

Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most challenging diseases in childhood, which may begin as soon as teeth erupt into the oral cavity. The treatment is invasive, causing physical as well as mental stress not only among children and parents but also among dentists. ECC also places a heavy financial burden on the community. Hence, preventive treatment is considered to be of utmost importance. This study carried out in Kerala aimed to assess expectant mothers’ knowledge, attitude, and willingness to treat early childhood caries.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 150 expectant mothers visiting the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. A validated 28-item questionnaire was administered to know mothers’ awareness of the importance of primary teeth and their attitude, willingness, and readiness to initiate preventive oral healthcare for their children.

Results:

The result showed that around 89.3% were unaware of when to begin tooth brushing, around 78% had no idea that sharing utensils and frequent kissing can transmit cariogenic bacteria, and almost 81.3% of mothers were unaware of the fact that frequent snacking increases the probability of caries. About 82.7% preferred pedodontist for treatment.

Conclusion:

Expectant mothers have inadequate knowledge about oral health. The study showed that employed mothers had better oral hygiene knowledge than unemployed mothers. However, educated mothers were willing to prevent this through early identification and regular checkups.

Clinical Significance: Kerala is a state with almost 100% literacy, but expectant mothers still have inadequate knowledge about the importance of oral health. The most common barrier to poor oral health in children is insufficient information among mothers about practices for preventing dental healthcare-associated problems. Awareness about dental health must be started during pregnancy to initiate prevention as early as possible. Healthcare information provided to expectant mothers can effectively prevent ECC, and education programs targeted at them will have a higher chance of success. Steps to include awareness programs among medical care providers who are in regular contact with the expectant mother are of paramount importance.
Understanding the Roles of Religion in Nursing Practice as a Prescriptive Instrument for High-Quality Faith-Based Healthcare
Authors: Olorunfemi Olaolorunpo , Agbaje Oluwapamilerinayo Cynthia , Abiodun Oluwaseun Oluwafunmilayo , Ayeni Bamidele Abiodun , Osunde Rosemary Ngozi
Published: November 2024

Religion is the patient’s belief in a higher power. This power could have a significant impact on the care provided by nurses. Therefore, it is important to examine the role of religion in providing holistic and faith-based nursing care. The objective of this study is to assess the roles of religion in nursing practice. This study reviewed previous works of literature and screened for eligibility, with the search years of 2018–2024 to capture the identified variables in the review objectives. In our literature search, we discovered various ways in which religion intersects with nursing practice, shaping attitudes, beliefs, decision-making processes, and holistic patient care through transcultural nursing theory. In conclusion, we discovered that religion has a diverse and significant role in nursing practice, influencing both professional aspects of caregiving and patient well-being; it brings strength, hope, comfort, and resilience. All of these help patients cope with anxiety, stress, and depression while improving the overall health outcomes. It is therefore essential that nurses acquire at least a basic knowledge of the most common religions to provide holistic care that meets their patients’ needs. We also encourage nurses to work following their clients’ religious beliefs and not discriminate when they differ from their own.
Surgical Management of Penoscrotal Filariasis by Reconstructive Penoscrotoplasty: An Experience from a Tertiary Healthcare Centre
Authors: Sharma Aditya , Khanna Ritika , Mishra Shashi Prakash , Meena Ram Niwas , Khanna Seema , Khanna Rahul
Published: November 2024

Chronic lymphedema has a number of etiological causes that affect the lymphatic drainage system. It is characterized by the gradual buildup of protein-rich fluid in the subcutaneous tissue. Any of the body components may be involved, and the causes may vary from congenital to acquired. Lymphedema and subcutaneous tissue thickening are characteristics of external genital elephantiasis. As a result, the skin has a pachyderm-like look. For the sufferer, this pathology is invalidating. Often, reconstructive surgery is the only option for restoring the external genitalia’s appearance and functionality. We report a case series of patients who presented with giant penoscrotal filariasis and were successfully managed with reconstructive penoscrotoplasty.
Estimation of Undiagnosed Diabetes and Pre-diabetes in People 45–75 Years in Two Blocks of Himachal Pradesh, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhardwaj Ashok , Kumar Sanjay , Singh Mitasha , Goel Chirag
Published: November 2024

Background:

As per the International Diabetes Federation guidelines and American Diabetic Association guidelines, all people above 45 and <75 years should be regularly tested for undiagnosed diabetes.

Objective:

We aimed to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes in the population aged 45–75 years using fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Materials and Methods:

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at district Hamirpur and district Una of Himachal Pradesh on 600 adults 45–75 years of age. A community-based screening was conducted using a questionnaire with symptoms suggestive of diabetes and other non-communicable diseases such as hypertensions and stroke. Already diagnosed diabetics were excluded from the second phase of the study where all patients positive on screening were invited for laboratory investigations to confirm the diabetic status. Diabetes and pre-diabetes prevalence was calculated using fasting blood glucose (FBS), OGTT, and HbA1c criteria of the World Health Organization individually.

Results:

Using FBS, 21.7% were found to be pre-diabetic and 15.5% were diabetic. Using OGTT on the same population, 19.7% were labeled as diabetic and 48.2% were impaired glucose-tolerant.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of only diabetes was highest on OGTT and lowest using FPG.
Myoclonic Jerks in an Ex-Preterm Undergoing Hernia Surgery Under Combined Spinal Caudal Block: Is It Time to Revisit the Test Dose?
Authors: Kumar Lakshmi , Padmanabhan Neethu , Thomas Dimple Elina , Pillai Pramod R.
Published: November 2024

Myoclonic jerks, while often benign, can indicate underlying issues such as inadvertent intrathecal or intravascular injection of the local anesthetic. In preterm infants, whose physiological responses are often more unpredictable and sensitive, the risk of complications from regional anesthesia may be heightened. We present the management of a possible local anesthetic systemic toxicity in an ex-preterm infant scheduled for an elective left inguinal herniotomy.
Hip Arthroplasty in an Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure Patient Followed by Early Live Donor Liver Transplant
Authors: Aravind S. , Thilak Jai , Valsan Arun , George Mathew , Gundavalli Koushik , Sadasivan Shine , Sudhindran S.
Published: November 2024

An acute-on-chronic liver disease patient, during workup for liver transplant, presented with a transcervical neck of femur fracture following a trivial trauma. High risks were associated with performing the surgery under general anesthesia, coagulation failure, and risks of infection, resulting in intraoperative or post-operative mortality. Addressing each of these risk factors, the patient underwent a cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty under regional nerve block, followed by early live donor liver transplantation with an uneventful post-op recovery and currently mobilizing without support. In the case of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, identifying the risk factors and complications that are expected perioperatively and intraoperatively and further planning the management by a multidisciplinary team approach can result in improved outcomes.
Comparison of Intra-operative Specimen Imaging in Breast Surgery with MOZART® 3D Specimen Tomosynthesis System versus Conventional Specimen Radiography: An Early Institutional Experience
Authors: Basu Pallavi , Mok Chi Wei
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context:

Traditionally, breast specimen radiography is performed in a radiology unit (conventional specimen radiography, CSR). It has been shown that intra-operative specimen imaging allows for satisfactory assessment and shorter total operative time.

Aim:

Evaluate the performance and safety of intra-operative specimen radiography (ISR) compared to CSR.

Settings and Design:

This observational study included all patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer or excision of other breast lesions with ISR between November 2021 and June 2022 in our institution. Both palpable and non-palpable breast lesions requiring pre-operative localisation were included.

Materials and Methods:

ISR was performed using the MOZART® 3D Specimen Tomosynthesis System (Kubtec Medical Imaging, Stratford, CT, USA) by breast surgeons, after which specimens were sent to radiology for CSR. The primary aim was to assess the time taken for evaluation of the adequacy of excision via ISR compared to CSR (performance) and whether assessments by surgeons were concordant with those by radiologists (safety).

Statistical Analysis:

A P value of <0.05 was taken to be statistically significant.

Results:

Thirty-two specimens were assessed from 30 patients. The mean time taken for the final image to be ready for viewing was 1.9 min in ISR and 14.4 min in CSR (P <0.05). Mean time taken to make a decision on the adequacy of surgery was 1.8 min in ISR and 25.4 min in CSR (P < 0.05). The short time taken for decision with a mean of 1.8 min (range 0–4 min) across all cases showed the ease of use with the ISR system. Both surgeons and radiologists were able to identify lesions of interest within specimens with 100% concordance.

Conclusion:

Intra-operative specimen imaging assessment by surgeons using ISR is a safe and reliable technique with a shorter total operative time.
A Hybrid Corrective Technique for Nipple Eversion
Authors: Idrees Sarrah , Mayilvaganan Sabaretnam
Published: November 2024

Abstract

An inverted nipple is defined as a nipple lying below the areola. The cause may be physiological or pathological (acute mastitis, malignancy and post-lumpectomy). There are several methods described for treating nipple eversion; however, there is no consensus as to which is the best method. Moreover, a robust technique for recurrent nipple inversion after primary eversion surgery has not been described in the literature. We describe a hybrid method of nipple eversion surgery (duct preservation + dermal autograft) that can be performed for treating both primary and recurrent nipple inversions. We have performed this technique in four patients, one primary and three recurrent nipple inversion patients, after a previous nipple eversion surgery. No recurrences have been noted to date.
Successful Surgical Repair of Complete Pentalogy of Cantrell
Authors: Basarahalli Madhumohan Reddy , Alluri Daedeepya , Kini Srinivas , Sapre Ashish
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) presents a distinctive challenge for clinicians and surgeons. In this case report, we have discussed the presentation, management, and literature review of a case of PC in a 17-month-old female child. The child was successfully managed with single-stage operation by a multidisciplinary team without any postoperative complications.
Double Trouble: A Rare Case of Dual Esophageal Stenosis in a 4-month-old
Authors: Shah Amar , Sharma Ria , Shah Anirudh
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Esophageal stenosis is an uncommon clinical condition defined as a fixed narrowing of the esophagus. It can be congenital or acquired. The incidence of congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is 1 in 25,000–50,000 live births. Most of these patients present in early infancy and many of them require surgical intervention. We report a very interesting case of a 4-month-old child with esophageal stenosis involving two different segments of the esophagus who was successfully treated surgically. This is one of the rarest variants of CES which involves two different segments of the esophagus.
Morel–Lavallee Lesion of the Hip in Children: About a Case and Literature Review
Authors: Sadjo Salihou Aminou , Muller Florence , Lemelle Jean-Louis
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Morel–Lavallée lesion, also called closed degloving injury, is a rare clinical entity in routine pediatric surgical practice. We present a case of an 11-year-old girl presenting with a left hip lesion, treated with compression bandage, and the clinical outcome was favorable.
Spontaneous Intrathoracic Rupture of Abdominal Neuroblastoma in a 2-year-old Child: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Ratan Simmi K. , Ahmad Md. Fahim , Jain Nitin , Kumar Narendra , Neogi Sujoy , Mandal Shramana
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Neuroblastoma (NB) tumor rupture, typically intra-abdominal, is a rare and life-threatening condition with a poor prognosis, often associated with large aggressive tumors. Intrathoracic ruptures, rarely reported, may result from thoracic NB or malignant invasion. We present the first case of spontaneous intrathoracic rupture in a 2-year-old boy with abdominal NB.
Evaluating the Impact of Elective Endotracheal Tube Replacement on Postoperative Outcomes in Esophageal Atresia: A STROBE-guided Study
Authors: Nandan Ruchira , Singh Ram Badan , Bhalekar Arvind , Marripati Bhanumurthy Kaushik , Gangopadhyay Ajay Narayan , Pandey Vaibhav
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Elective ventilation and paralysis have been shown to decrease the anastomosis-related complications following primary repair of esophageal atresia (EA). Repeated endotracheal tube (ETT) block and replacement can increase these complications. We evaluated the results of our strategy of electively changing the ETT just before shifting the patient to the postoperative ward for elective ventilation.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted using the case records of patients from July 2015 to February 2024 including all the patients of EA with tracheoesophageal fistula who underwent primary repair with end-to-end esophageal anastomosis. The patients were divided into two groups Group A: ETT was changed and Group B: ETT was not changed immediately before shifting. The groups were compared for anastomotic leak and ETT tube block in the first 48 h.

Results:

Ninety-one patients were included in the study, 36 in Group A and 55 in Group B. Elective replacement of ETT decreased the tube block rates in the first 48 h following surgery (P = 0.032). Tension in the anastomosis was associated with a higher leak rate. The leak was present in 58.3% and 3.6% in cases with and without tension in the anastomosis (P = 0.001). Overall, the anastomotic leak was similar in both groups. In the subgroup of patients with anastomosis under tension, the rate of anastomotic leak was higher in patients with ETT block (P = 0.028).

Conclusion:

Elective replacement of EET decreases the tube block rates and anastomotic leak rates in cases with anastomosis under tension.
Wilms’ Tumor – An Audit
Authors: Sarin Yogesh Kumar , Losu Pute U. , Nangia Anita
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:

Outcome analysis of patients with Wilms’ tumors (WT) is presented.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 23 children having WT managed by a single surgeon over 3 years (2021–2024) using the International Society of Paediatric Oncology Umbrella protocol was done.

Results:

The median age at presentation was 36 months; 32 months and 24 months for the unilateral WT (uWT) (n = 19) and bilateral WT (bWT) (n = 4), respectively. M: F ratio was 2.3: 1. WTs were localized in 19 (uWT-16; bWT-3) and metastatic in 4 (uWT-3; bWT-1) patients. Core-needle biopsy was done in 22 patients (26 renal units). Pre-therapy contrast-enhanced computed tomography volumetry (n = 20) showed a median tumor volume of 1023 ml (range: 47–2680 ml). Post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) median tumor burden (n = 19) was 612 ml (range 59–3775 ml). Post-NACT, tumor volume decreased in 11/18 patients but increased in seven patients. NACT was avoided in one neonate. Nephroureterectomy (including one with excision of bladder cuff) and nephron-sparing surgery were done in 17 and 10 renal units including 3 with multifocal WT, respectively. Risk stratification was intermediate in 21 and High in 2. Overall staging in 19 uWT included Stage I-7, Stage II-5, Stage III-4, and Stage IV-3 (local staging-stage I in 1 and stage II in 2). Local staging in 8 renal units with bWT was Stage I in 7 and II in 1. One stage IV uWT had bilateral pulmonary metastatectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been completed in 18 patients; two patients are still on adjuvant chemotherapy; flank radiation was administered in six patients. Three patients with synchronous bWT died; two due to acute kidney injury in the immediate postoperative period and one with metastatic disease who had abandoned adjuvant chemotherapy after the 1st cycle. Another patient died of a huge metachronous tumor in the contralateral kidney after a year of completion of therapy. One patient had successful multimodality treatment of local relapse with liver metastasis. 1-year overall and event-free survivals are 84% and 76%, respectively.

Conclusions:

Excellent short-term results for localized uWT from a center in a low-middle-income country are reported.
DIDÁCTICA DE LA HISTORIA, DIDÁCTICA DE LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES. REFLEXIONES PARA EL CAMINO. REVISIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DEL CONCEPTO DE DIDÁCTICA DE LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES
Authors: Castañeda Meneses Marta
Published: November 2024

Este artículo presenta un análisis del concepto de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales, a partir de la última década del siglo XX. Si bien la preocupación por la Didáctica es anterior, entre otros los estudios y propuesta de Taba en los años sesenta, es a partir de la década de los noventa que aparece una preocupación y sistematización en el mundo hispano. Las revisiones realizadas de la literatura española y latinoamericana permiten profundizar en el concepto, enfatizando su evolución desde las preguntas básicas de qué y cómo enseñar a quién, por qué y cuándo.
EL ESTUDIANTADO DE EDUCACIÓN MEDIA Y LA HISTORIA COMO MATERIA ESCOLAR: ¿HABRÁ ALGÚN MÉTODO?
Authors: Muñoz Labraña Carlos
Published: November 2024

El artículo tiene como propósito dar cuenta de una investigación de carácter cualitativa efectuada en la región del Bío- Bío, Chile, que ha tenido la pretensión de indagar las percepciones que poseen los estudiantes de educación media acerca de la Enseñanza de la Historia que reciben en el Liceo, especialmente sus percepciones acerca de los objetivos que persigue y sus principales reclamos acerca de la forma en que sus profesores la enseñan.

El estudio de carácter cualitativo se efectuó con estudiantes de ambos sexos pertenecientes a establecimientos de educación media de distintos niveles y dependencia escolar de la intercomuna Concepción-Talcahuano.

Los resultados demostraron que el estudiantado en estudio no es capaz de percibir con claridad los objetivos que posee la asignatura en el ámbito escolar, efectuando serios reparos a lo que hacen y reciben en las aulas de parte de sus profesores, entre los que destacan el excesivo tiempo empleado en copiar la materia en el cuaderno, la falta de atención en su aprendizaje, así como en la posibilidad de efectuar relaciones entre los distintos contenidos y su realidad y, por último, la falta de un método que los ayude a comprender y relacionar las distintas temáticas que son obligados a estudiar.
REFERENCIAS
Authors: Oyañedel Bernal Carmen
Published: November 2024

REFERENCIAS
DE PEQUEÑOS PATRIOTAS A CIUDADANOS DEMOCRÁTICOS. LA EDUCACIÓN EN CIUDADANÍA EN LAS CLASES DE HISTORIA DE LAS ESCUELAS SECUNDARIAS DE ARGENTINA DESDE 1993
Authors: DE AMÉZOLA GONZALO
Published: November 2024

Este trabajo describe los cambios introducidos en la enseñanza de la historia en la educación secundaria de Argentina con las reformas que impusieron las leyes educativas de 1993 y 2006, especialmente en lo referido a la formación en ciudadanía mediante el estudio de la última dictadura militar (1976 -1983) en la escuela. En una segunda parte, se procura encontrar indicios de los logros y limitaciones de esas innovaciones a partir de datos cuantitativos obtenidos mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a alumnos de 15 -16 años de ese nivel.
EL PATRIMONIO NATURAL Y CULTURAL EN LAS ASIGNATURAS ESTATALES DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA
Authors: SÁNCHEZ SUÁREZ RAFAEL ERNESTO , GÓMEZ GONZÁLEZ ELDA MARÍA , JUÁREZ HERNÁNDEZ FERNANDO
Published: November 2024

La Secretaría de Educación Pública ha implementado desde 2009 la asignatura estatal que se cursa durante el primer año de educación secundaria. Dicha asignatura es definida por cada entidad federativa con base en los lineamientos establecidos por la Secretaría, las necesidades e intereses de los alumnos, y en relación con alguno de los cuatro campos temáticos: 1) La historia, la geografía y/o el patrimonio cultural y natural de la entidad, 2) Educación ambiental para la sustentabilidad, 3) Estrategias para que los alumnos enfrenten y superen problemas y situaciones de riesgo, y 4) Lengua y cultura indígenas. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar las asignaturas estatales que se imparten en el país bajo la temática del patrimonio cultural; para ello, en un primer apartado el trabajo se enfoca a analizar los elementos del patrimonio que se enseñan y las perspectivas teórico- metodológicas que se implementan para la enseñanza del patrimonio en las once entidades (Chiapas, Distrito Federal, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Puebla, Querétaro, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatán y Zacatecas) que imparten un programa vinculado con esta temática. Posteriormente se hace un análisis más detallado de la asignatura Patrimonio cultural y natural de Yucatán con la intención de identificar las fortalezas con las que cuenta y abordar los diversos recursos didácticos con los que se enseña.