bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of lamina I anterolateral system neurons that express Cre in a Phox2a-Cre mouse line
Authors: Alsulaiman Wafa A. A. , Quillet Raphaelle , Bell Andrew M. , Dickie Allen C. , Polgár Erika , Boyle Kieran A. , Watanabe Masahiko , Roome R. Brian , Kania Artur , Todd Andrew J. , Gutierrez-Mecinas Maria
Published: September 2021

A recently developed Phox2a::Cre mouse line has been shown to capture anterolateral system (ALS) projection neurons. Here, we used this line to test whether Phox2a-positive cells represent a distinct subpopulation among lamina I ALS neurons. We show that virtually all lamina I Phox2a cells can be retrogradely labelled from injections targeted on the lateral parabrachial area (LPb), and that most of those in the cervical cord also belong to the spinothalamic tract. Phox2a cells accounted for ~ 50–60% of the lamina I cells retrogradely labelled from LPb or thalamus. Phox2a was preferentially associated with smaller ALS neurons, and with those showing relatively weak neurokinin 1 receptor expression. The Phox2a cells were also less likely to project to the ipsilateral LPb. Although most Phox2a cells phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases following noxious heat stimulation, ~ 20% did not, and these were significantly smaller than the activated cells. This suggests that those ALS neurons that respond selectively to skin cooling, which have small cell bodies, may be included among the Phox2a population. Previous studies have defined neurochemical populations among the ALS cells, based on expression of Tac1 or Gpr83. However, we found that the proportions of Phox2a cells that expressed these genes were similar to the proportions reported for all lamina I ALS neurons, suggesting that Phox2a is not differentially expressed among cells belonging to these populations. Finally, we used a mouse line that resulted in membrane labelling of the Phox2a cells and showed that they all possess dendritic spines, although at a relatively low density. However, the distribution of the postsynaptic protein Homer revealed that dendritic spines accounted for a minority of the excitatory synapses on these cells. Our results confirm that Phox2a-positive cells in lamina I are ALS neurons, but show that the Phox2a::Cre line preferentially captures specific types of ALS cells.
Smart-cut-like laser slicing of GaN substrate using its own nitrogen
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Sugiura Ryuji , Kawaguchi Daisuke , Yui Toshiki , Wani Yotaro , Aratani Tomomi , Watanabe Hirotaka , Sena Hadi , Honda Yoshio , Igasaki Yasunori , Amano Hiroshi
Published: September 2021

We have investigated the possibility of applying lasers to slice GaN substrates. Using a sub-nanosecond laser with a wavelength of 532 nm, we succeeded in slicing GaN substrates. In the laser slicing method used in this study, there was almost no kerf loss, and the thickness of the layer damaged by laser slicing was about 40 µm. We demonstrated that a standard high quality homoepitaxial layer can be grown on the sliced surface after removing the damaged layer by polishing.
Biomechanical effects of lumbar fusion surgery on adjacent segments using musculoskeletal models of the intact, degenerated and fused spine
Authors: Ebrahimkhani Mahdi , Arjmand Navid , Shirazi-Adl Aboulfazl
Published: September 2021

Adjacent segment disorders are prevalent in patients following a spinal fusion surgery. Postoperative alterations in the adjacent segment biomechanics play a role in the etiology of these conditions. While experimental approaches fail to directly quantify spinal loads, previous modeling studies have numerous shortcomings when simulating the complex structures of the spine and the pre/postoperative mechanobiology of the patient. The biomechanical effects of the L4–L5 fusion surgery on muscle forces and adjacent segment kinetics (compression, shear, and moment) were investigated using a validated musculoskeletal model. The model was driven by in vivo kinematics for both preoperative (intact or severely degenerated L4–L5) and postoperative conditions while accounting for muscle atrophies. Results indicated marked changes in the kinetics of adjacent L3–L4 and L5–S1 segments (e.g., by up to 115% and 73% in shear loads and passive moments, respectively) that depended on the preoperative L4–L5 disc condition, postoperative lumbopelvic kinematics and, to a lesser extent, postoperative changes in the L4–L5 segmental lordosis and muscle injuries. Upper adjacent segment was more affected post-fusion than the lower one. While these findings identify risk factors for adjacent segment disorders, they indicate that surgical and postoperative rehabilitation interventions should focus on the preservation/restoration of patient’s normal segmental kinematics.
Antibacterial and molecular docking studies of newly synthesized nucleosides and Schiff bases derived from sulfadimidines
Authors: Amer Hamada H. , Eldrehmy Essam Hassan , Abdel-Hafez Salama Mostafa , Alghamdi Youssef Saeed , Hassan Magdy Yassin , Alotaibi Saad H.
Published: September 2021

A new series of nucleosides, moieties, and Schiff bases were synthesized from sulfadimidine. Infrared (IR), 1HNMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry techniques and elemental analysis were employed to elucidate the synthesized compounds. The prepared analogues were purified by different chromatographic techniques (preparative TLC and column chromatography). Molecular docking studies of synthesized compounds 3a, 4b, 6a, and 6e demonstrated the binding mode involved in the active site of DNA gyrase. Finally, all synthesized compounds were tested against selected bacterial strains. The most effective synthesized compounds against S. aureus were 3a, 4d, 4b, 3b, 3c, 4c, and 6f, which exhibited inhibition zones of inhibition of 24.33 ± 1.528, 24.67 ± 0.577, 23.67 ± 0.577, 22.33 ± 1.528, 18.67 ± 1.528 and 19.33 ± 0.577, respectively. Notably, the smallest zones were observed for 4a, 6d, 6e and 6g (6.33 ± 1.528, 11.33 ± 1.528, 11.67 ± 1.528 and 14.66 ± 1.155, respectively). Finally, 6b and 6c gave negative zone values. K. pneumoniae was treated with the same compounds and the following results were obtained. The most effective compounds were 4d, 4c, 4b and 3c, which showed inhibition zones of 29.67 ± 1.528, 24.67 ± 0.577, 23.67 ± 1.155 and 19.33 ± 1.528, respectively, followed by 4a and 3d (15.33 ± 1.528 for both), while moderate results (13.67 ± 1.155 and 11.33 ± 1.528) were obtained for 6f and 6g, respectively. Finally, 6a, 6b, 6c, 3a, and 3b did not show any inhibition. The most effective compounds observed for the treatment of E. coli were 4d, 4b, 4c, 3d, 6e and 6f (inhibition zones of 26.33 ± 0.577, 21.67 ± 1.528, 21.67 ± 1.528, 19.67 ± 1.528, 17.67 ± 1.155 and 16.67 ± 1.155, respectively). Compounds 3b, 3c, 6a, 6c, and 6g gave moderate results (13.67 ± 1.528, 12.67 ± 1.528, 11.33 ± 0.577, 15.33 ± 1.528 and 12.67 ± 1.528, respectively), while 6b showed no effect. The MIC values against S. aureus ranged from 50 to 3.125 mg, while those against E. coli and K. pneumoniae ranged from 50 to 1562 mg. In vitro, the antibacterial effects were promising. Further research is required to study the in vivo antibacterial effects of these compounds and determine therapeutic doses.
Eng2, a new player involved in feedback loop regulation of Cdc42 activity in fission yeast
Authors: García Patricia , Coll Pedro M. , del Rey Francisco , Geli M. Isabel , Pérez Pilar , Vázquez de Aldana Carlos R. , Encinar del Dedo Javier
Published: September 2021

Cell polarity and morphogenesis are regulated by the small GTPase Cdc42. Even though major advances have been done in the field during the last years, the molecular details leading to its activation in particular cellular contexts are not completely understood. In fission yeast, the β(1,3)-glucanase Eng2 is a “moonlighting protein” with a dual function, acting as a hydrolase during spore dehiscence, and as component of the endocytic machinery in vegetative cells. Here, we report that Eng2 plays a role in Cdc42 activation during polarized growth through its interaction with the scaffold protein Scd2, which brings Cdc42 together with its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Scd1. eng2Δ mutant cells have defects in activation of the bipolar growth (NETO), remaining monopolar during all the cell cycle. In the absence of Eng2 the accumulation of Scd1 and Scd2 at the poles is reduced, the levels of Cdc42 activation decrease, and the Cdc42 oscillatory behavior, associated with bipolar growth in wild type cells, is altered. Furthermore, overexpression of Eng2 partially rescues the growth and polarity defects of a cdc42-L160S mutant. Altogether, our work unveils a new factor regulating the activity of Cdc42, which could potentially link the polarity and endocytic machineries.
Shaping light in 3d space by counter-propagation
Authors: Droop Ramon , Asché Eric , Otte Eileen , Denz Cornelia
Published: September 2021

We extend the established transverse customization of light, in particular, amplitude, phase, and polarization modulation of the light field, and its analysis by the third, longitudinal spatial dimension, enabling the visualization of longitudinal structures in sub-wavelength (nm) range. To achieve this high-precision and three-dimensional beam shaping and detection, we propose an approach based on precise variation of indices in the superposition of higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian beams and cylindrical vector beams in a counter-propagation scheme. The superposition is analyzed experimentally by digital, holographic counter-propagation leading to stable, reversible and precise scanning of the light volume. Our findings show tailored amplitude, phase and polarization structures, adaptable in 3D space by mode indices, including sub-wavelength structural changes upon propagation, which will be of interest for advanced material machining and optical trapping.
Sequencing and characterization of an L-asparaginase gene from a new species of Penicillium section Citrina isolated from Cerrado
Authors: Andrade Kellen C. R. , Fernandes Rildo A. , Pinho Danilo Batista , de Freitas Marcela M. , Filho Edivaldo Ximenes Ferreira , Pessoa Adalberto , Silva João Inácio , Magalhães Perola O.
Published: September 2021

The enzyme L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is used in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. The preparations of this enzyme for clinical use are derived from bacterial sources and its use is associated with serious adverse reactions. In this context, it is important to find new sources of L-ASNase. In this work, the Placket-Burman Experimental Design (PBD) was used to determine the influence of the variables on the L-ASNase production then it was followed by a 28–4 Factorial Fractional Design (FFD). The results obtained from PBD have shown a range of L-ASNase activity, from 0.47 to 1.77 U/gcell and the results obtained from FFD have showed a range of L-ASNase activity, from 1.10 to 2.36 U/gcell. L-proline and ammonium sulfate were identified as of significant positive variables on this production enzyme by Penicillium cerradense sp. nov. The precise identification of this new species was confirmed by morphological characteristics and sequence comparisons of the nuclear 18S-5.8S-28S partial nrDNA including the ITS1 and ITS2 regions, RNA polymerase II, β-tubulin and calmodulin genomic regions. The genetic sequence coding for the L-ASNase was obtained after carrying out a full genome sequencing. The L-ASNase expressed by P. cerradense sp. nov may have promising antineoplastic properties.
Tracking slab surface temperatures with electrical conductivity of glaucophane
Authors: Manthilake Geeth , Peng Ye , Koga Kenneth T. , Mookherjee Mainak
Published: September 2021

Slab surface temperature is one of the key parameters that incur first-order changes in subduction dynamics. However, the current thermal models are based on empirical thermal parameters and do not accurately capture the complex pressure–temperature paths of the subducting slab, prompting significant uncertainties on slab temperature estimations. In this study, we investigate whether the dehydration-melting of glaucophane can be used to benchmark the temperature in the slab. We observe that dehydration and melting of glaucophane occur at relatively low temperatures compared to the principal hydrous phases in the slab and produce highly conductive Na-rich melt. The electrical properties of glaucophane and its dehydration products are notably different from the hydrous minerals and silicate melts. Hence, we conclude that the thermodynamic instability of glaucophane in the slab provides a unique petrological criterion for tracking temperature in the present-day subduction systems through magnetotelluric profiles.
Pharmacological characterization of mutant huntingtin aggregate-directed PET imaging tracer candidates
Authors: Herrmann Frank , Hessmann Manuela , Schaertl Sabine , Berg-Rosseburg Karola , Brown Christopher J , Bursow Galina , Chiki Anass , Ebneth Andreas , Gehrmann Miriam , Hoeschen Nicole , Hotze Madlen , Jahn Stefanie , Johnson Peter D , Khetarpal Vinod , Kiselyov Alex , Kottig Karsten , Ladewig Stefanie , Lashuel Hilal , Letschert Sven , Mills Matthew R , Petersen Kathrin , Prime Michael E , Scheich Christoph , Schmiedel Gerhard , Wityak John , Liu Longbin , Dominguez Celia , Muñoz-Sanjuán Ignacio , Bard Jonathan A
Published: September 2021

Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the first exon of the huntingtin (HTT) gene coding for the huntingtin (HTT) protein. The misfolding and consequential aggregation of CAG-expanded mutant HTT (mHTT) underpin HD pathology. Our interest in the life cycle of HTT led us to consider the development of high-affinity small-molecule binders of HTT oligomerized/amyloid-containing species that could serve as either cellular and in vivo imaging tools or potential therapeutic agents. We recently reported the development of PET tracers CHDI-180 and CHDI-626 as suitable for imaging mHTT aggregates, and here we present an in-depth pharmacological investigation of their binding characteristics. We have implemented an array of in vitro and ex vivo radiometric binding assays using recombinant HTT, brain homogenate-derived HTT aggregates, and brain sections from mouse HD models and humans post-mortem to investigate binding affinities and selectivity against other pathological proteins from indications such as Alzheimer’s disease and spinocerebellar ataxia 1. Radioligand binding assays and autoradiography studies using brain homogenates and tissue sections from HD mouse models showed that CHDI-180 and CHDI-626 specifically bind mHTT aggregates that accumulate with age and disease progression. Finally, we characterized CHDI-180 and CHDI-626 regarding their off-target selectivity and binding affinity to beta amyloid plaques in brain sections and homogenates from Alzheimer’s disease patients.
Role of CXCL10 in the progression of in situ to invasive carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Kim Milim , Choi Hye Yeon , Woo Ji Won , Chung Yul Ri , Park So Yeon
Published: September 2021

Tumor immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in tumor progression. We performed immune profiling to compare immune-related gene expression between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma of the breast using nCounter PanCancer immune Profiling Panel and found that CXCL10 was the most significant gene that had the highest difference in expression between them. Effect of CXCL10 on breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion was examined in vitro, and expression of CXCL10 and its relationship with immune cell infiltration was assessed in breast cancer samples. CXCL10 induced cell proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. We confirmed that CXCL10 mRNA expression was significantly higher in invasive carcinoma than in DCIS, especially in hormone receptor (HR)-negative tumors using a validation set. CXCL10 mRNA expression showed a positive correlation with tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density in both DCIS and invasive carcinoma; CXCL10-positive tumors generally showed higher infiltration of CD8+ and FOXP3+TILs as well as PD-L1+ immune cells compared to CXCL10-negative tumors, albeit with different patterns according to HR status. In conclusion, our study showed that CXCL10 promotes tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and immune cell infiltration, implying its contribution in the progression of DCIS to invasive carcinoma of the breast.
Depletion of PD-1 or PD-L1 did not affect the mortality of mice infected with Mycobacterium avium
Authors: Nakajima Masayuki , Matsuyama Masashi , Kawaguchi Mio , Matsumura Sosuke , Kiwamoto Takumi , Matsuno Yosuke , Morishima Yuko , Yoshida Kazufumi , Sherpa Mingma Thsering , Yazaki Kai , Tanaka Ryota , Okiyama Naoko , Muratani Masafumi , Ishii Yukio , Hizawa Nobuyuki
Published: September 2021

The programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway could affect antimicrobial immune responses by suppressing T cell activity. Several recent studies demonstrated that blocking of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway exacerbated Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. However, the effect of blocking this pathway in pulmonary Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare complex (MAC) infection is not fully understood. Wild-type, PD-1-deficient mice, and PD-L1-deficient mice were intranasally infected with Mycobacterium avium bacteria. Depletion of PD-1 or PD-L1 did not affect mortality and bacterial burden in MAC-infected mice. However, marked infiltration of CD8-positive T lymphocytes was observed in the lungs of PD-1 and PD-L1-deficient mice compared to wild-type mice. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis showed that levels of gene expressions related to Th1 immunity did not differ according to the genotypes. However, genes related to the activity of CD8-positive T cells and related chemokine activity were upregulated in the infected lungs of PD-1 and PD-L1-deficient mice. Thus, the lack of change in susceptibility to MAC infection in PD-1 and PD-L1-deficient mice might be explained by the absence of obvious changes in the Th1 immune response. Furthermore, activated CD8-positive cells in response to MAC infection in these mice seemed to not be relevant in the control of MAC infection.
The impact of Hurricane Katrina, a major natural disaster, on assisted reproductive outcomes through an analysis of 451,848 ART cycles
Authors: Meir Olcha , Satu Kuokkanen , Xie Xianhong , Abdissa Negassa , Lubna Pal , Sangita Jindal
Published: September 2021

To evaluate whether pregnancies conceived via assisted reproductive technology and exposed to Hurricane Katrina (HK), one of the most destructive natural disasters in United States history, were more prone to adverse perinatal outcomes, miscarriages, or sex disparities compared with pregnancies established but not directly exposed to the natural disaster. Retrospective cohort study. Women 18 years and older undergoing fresh ART cycles that resulted in singleton pregnancies and entered in the SART CORS database from 2004 to 2008. Incidence of full-term and preterm delivery, miscarriage rate, infant weight at birth, and infant sex ratio. Total follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation dosage and number of oocytes retrieved. Between January 2004 and December 2008, a total of 451,848 fresh autologous IVF cycles were recorded in SART CORS, leading to 190,624 pregnancies and 129,499 live births. After controlling for potential confounders, our results demonstrate no association between HK exposure and overall preterm deliveries (< 37 weeks) in women with singleton pregnancies conceived after ART. Other perinatal outcomes such as rate of spontaneous abortion or infant weight at birth in the exposed and unexposed groups were also not associated with HK. A comparison of pre and post disaster sex ratios revealed fewer males were born after HK (51.0% vs. 49.4%), showing a trend of decreased male infant births that was least in part associated with HK (CI 0.81–1.01; p = 0.07). Exposure to HK did not appear to affect perinatal outcomes such as the rate of preterm delivery or the rate of spontaneous abortion. Extreme stress may be a factor that contributes to a reduced male to female secondary sex ratio.
Optimal single sampling time-point for monitoring of praziquantel exposure in children
Authors: Mnkugwe Rajabu Hussein , Ngaimisi Kitabi Eliford , Kinung’hi Safari , Kamuhabwa Appolinary A. R. , Minzi Omary Mashiku , Aklillu Eleni
Published: September 2021

Praziquantel pharmacokinetics studies in schistosomiasis infected children are scarce partly due to the challenges/complexity of intensive blood sampling in the target population. This study was aimed to investigate the optimal single sampling time-point for monitoring praziquantel exposure. This was intensive pharmacokinetic study conducted among 32 Schistosoma mansoni infected children treated with an oral standard single-dose 40 mg/kg praziquantel. Plasma samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h post-praziquantel administration. Quantification of praziquantel and its enantiomers (R- and S-praziquantel) concentrations was done by Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (LC–MS/MS). The correlation between area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to 8 h (AUC8) and plasma concentrations at each specific sampling time-point was determined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r2). The median age (range) of the study population was 12.5 years (10–17). The study participants were 17 males and 15 females. Both total praziquantel and its enantiomers (R- and S-praziquantel) displayed a wide inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability. Regression analysis indicated that, plasma concentrations collected at 4 h post-dose had a significantly highest correlation with the AUC8 for both total praziquantel (r2 = 0.81, p < 0.001) and S-praziquantel (r2 = 0.84, p < 0.001) than any other sampling time-point; while for R-praziquantel, plasma concentrations collected at 6 h sampling time-point had a significantly highest correlation with the AUC8 (r2 = 0.79, p < 0.001) than any other sampling time-point. Four hours sampling time-point post-praziquantel administration is ideal optimal single sampling time-point for therapeutic monitoring of total praziquantel exposure while 6 h sampling time-point is suitable for monitoring of a pharmacologically active R-praziquantel enantiomer.
Effect of metformin treatment and its time of administration on joint capsular fibrosis induced by mouse knee immobilization
Authors: Tokuda Kotaro , Yamanaka Yoshiaki , Mano Yosuke , Tsukamoto Manabu , Tajima Takafumi , Suzuki Hitoshi , Kawasaki Makoto , Uchida Soshi , Nakamura Eiichiro , Wang Ke-Yong , Sakai Akinori
Published: September 2021

Joint contracture leads to major patient discomfort. Metformin, one of the most extensively used oral drugs against type 2 diabetes has recently been found to suppress tissue fibrosis as well. However, its role in suppressing tissue fibrosis in joint contractures remains unknown. In this study, we examined the role of metformin treatment in suppressing joint capsular fibrosis and the most effective time of its administration. Joint capsular fibrosis was induced by immobilizing the knee joints of mice using splints and tapes. Metformin was administered intraperitoneally every alternate day after immobilization. Histological and immunohistochemical changes and expression of fibrosis-related genes were evaluated. Metformin treatment significantly suppressed fibrosis in joint capsules based on histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Joint capsular tissue from metformin-treated mice also showed decreased expression of fibrosis-related genes. Early, but not late, metformin administration showed the same effect on fibrosis suppression in joint capsule as the whole treatment period. The expression of fibrosis-related genes was most suppressed in mice administered with metformin early. These studies demonstrated that metformin treatment can suppress joint capsular fibrosis and the most effective time to administer it is early after joint immobilization; a delay of more than 2 weeks of administration is less effective.
Automated machine learning for endemic active tuberculosis prediction from multiplex serological data
Authors: Rashidi Hooman H. , Dang Luke T. , Albahra Samer , Ravindran Resmi , Khan Imran H.
Published: September 2021

Serological diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) is enhanced by detection of multiple antibodies due to variable immune responses among patients. Clinical interpretation of these complex datasets requires development of suitable algorithms, a time consuming and tedious undertaking addressed by the automated machine learning platform MILO (Machine Intelligence Learning Optimizer). MILO seamlessly integrates data processing, feature selection, model training, and model validation to simultaneously generate and evaluate thousands of models. These models were then further tested for generalizability on out-of-sample secondary and tertiary datasets. Out of 31 antigens evaluated, a 23-antigen model was the most robust on both the secondary dataset (TB vs healthy) and the tertiary dataset (TB vs COPD) with sensitivity of 90.5% and respective specificities of 100.0% and 74.6%. MILO represents a user-friendly, end-to-end solution for automated generation and deployment of optimized models, ideal for applications where rapid clinical implementation is critical such as emerging infectious diseases.
Amine modification of calcium phosphate by low-pressure plasma for bone regeneration
Authors: Kodama Joe , Harumningtyas Anjar Anggraini , Ito Tomoko , Michlíček Miroslav , Sugimoto Satoshi , Kita Hidekazu , Chijimatsu Ryota , Ukon Yuichiro , Kushioka Junichi , Okada Rintaro , Kamatani Takashi , Hashimoto Kunihiko , Tateiwa Daisuke , Tsukazaki Hiroyuki , Nakagawa Shinichi , Takenaka Shota , Makino Takahiro , Sakai Yusuke , Nečas David , Zajíčková Lenka , Hamaguchi Satoshi , Kaito Takashi
Published: September 2021

Regeneration of large bone defects caused by trauma or tumor resection remains one of the biggest challenges in orthopedic surgery. Because of the limited availability of autograft material, the use of artificial bone is prevalent; however, the primary role of currently available artificial bone is restricted to acting as a bone graft extender owing to the lack of osteogenic ability. To explore whether surface modification might enhance artificial bone functionality, in this study we applied low-pressure plasma technology as next-generation surface treatment and processing strategy to chemically (amine) modify the surface of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) artificial bone using a CH4/N2/He gas mixture. Plasma-treated β-TCP exhibited significantly enhanced hydrophilicity, facilitating the deep infiltration of cells into interconnected porous β-TCP. Additionally, cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation on the plasma-treated artificial bone surfaces were also enhanced. Furthermore, in a rat calvarial defect model, the plasma treatment afforded high bone regeneration capacity. Together, these results suggest that amine modification of artificial bone by plasma technology can provide a high osteogenic ability and represents a promising strategy for resolving current clinical limitations regarding the use of artificial bone.
One-transistor static random-access memory cell array comprising single-gated feedback field-effect transistors
Authors: Choi Sangik , Son Jaemin , Cho Kyoungah , Kim Sangsig
Published: September 2021

In this study, we fabricated a 2 × 2 one-transistor static random-access memory (1T-SRAM) cell array comprising single-gated feedback field-effect transistors and examined their operation and memory characteristics. The individual 1T-SRAM cell had a retention time of over 900 s, nondestructive reading characteristics of 10,000 s, and an endurance of 108 cycles. The standby power of the individual 1T-SRAM cell was estimated to be 0.7 pW for holding the “0” state and 6 nW for holding the “1” state. For a selected cell in the 2 × 2 1T-SRAM cell array, nondestructive reading of the memory was conducted without any disturbance in the half-selected cells. This immunity to disturbances validated the reliability of the 1T-SRAM cell array.
Development of an algorithm for assessing fall risk in a Japanese inpatient population
Authors: Nakanishi Tomoko , Ikeda Tokunori , Nakamura Taishi , Yamanouchi Yoshinori , Chikamoto Akira , Usuku Koichiro
Published: September 2021

Falling is a representative incident in hospitalization and can cause serious complications. In this study, we constructed an algorithm that nurses can use to easily recognize essential fall risk factors and appropriately perform an assessment. A total of 56,911 inpatients (non-fall, 56,673; fall; 238) hospitalized between October 2017 and September 2018 were used for the training dataset. Correlation coefficients, multivariable logistic regression analysis, and decision tree analysis were performed using 36 fall risk factors identified from inpatients. An algorithm was generated combining nine essential fall risk factors (delirium, fall history, use of a walking aid, stagger, impaired judgment/comprehension, muscle weakness of the lower limbs, night urination, use of sleeping drug, and presence of infusion route/tube). Moreover, fall risk level was conveniently classified into four groups (extra-high, high, moderate, and low) according to the priority of fall risk. Finally, we confirmed the reliability of the algorithm using a validation dataset that comprised 57,929 inpatients (non-fall, 57,695; fall, 234) hospitalized between October 2018 and September 2019. Using the newly created algorithm, clinical staff including nurses may be able to appropriately evaluate fall risk level and provide preventive interventions for individual inpatients.
Broadband infrared light source by simultaneous parametric down-conversion
Authors: Hojo Masayuki , Tanaka Koichiro
Published: September 2021

Spontaneous parametric down-conversion is an essential tool for a quantum light source in the infrared region ranging 2–5 µm for the purpose of material identification, chemical analysis, and gas sensing. So far, photon pairs from the process in a nonlinear crystal have low tunability and a narrow spectral range because of the phase-matching condition. Here, we propose a novel type of spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes that overcomes these challenges, where two photon pairs are simultaneously produced in the visible and infrared regions in periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalite. It allows broadband and tunable generation of infrared photon pairs that can be employed as an alternative light source for quantum infrared spectroscopy.
Utilizing patient-specific 3D printed guides for graft reconstruction in thoracoabdominal aortic repair
Authors: Kim Taehun , Hong Dayeong , Ock Junhyeok , Park Sung Jun , Rhee Younju , Lee Sangwook , Kim Guk Bae , Yang Dong Hyun , Kim Joon Bum , Kim Namkug
Published: September 2021

In thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair, repairing the visceral and segmental arteries is challenging. Although there is a pre-hand-sewn and multi-branched graft based on the conventional image-based technique, it has shortcomings in precisely positioning and directing the visceral and segmental arteries. Here, we introduce two new reconstruction techniques using patient-specific 3D-printed graft reconstruction guides: (1) model-based technique that presents the projected aortic graft, visualizing the main aortic body and its major branches and (2) guide-based technique in which the branching vessels in the visualization model are replaced by marking points identifiable by tactile sense. We demonstrate the effectiveness by evaluating conventional and new techniques based on accuracy, marking time requirement, reproducibility, and results of survey to surgeons on the perceived efficiency and efficacy. The graft reconstruction guides cover the segmentation, design, fabrication, post-processing, and clinical application of open surgical repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysm, and proved to be efficient for accurately reconstructing customized grafts.
De novo transcriptome assembly, polymorphic SSR markers development and population genetics analyses for southern corn rust (Puccinia polysora)
Authors: Sun Qiuyu , Liu Jie , Zhang Keyu , Huang Chong , Li Leifu , Dong Jiayu , Luo Yong , Ma Zhanhong
Published: September 2021

Southern corn rust is a destructive maize disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw that can lead to severe yield losses. However, genomic information and microsatellite markers are currently unavailable for this disease. In this study, we generated a total of 27,295,216 high-quality cDNA sequence reads using Illumina sequencing technology. These reads were assembled into 17,496 unigenes with an average length of 1015 bp. The functional annotation indicated that 8113 (46.37%), 1933 (11.04%) and 5516 (31.52%) unigenes showed significant similarity to known proteins in the NCBI Nr, Nt and Swiss-Prot databases, respectively. In addition, 2921 (16.70%) unigenes were assigned to KEGG database categories; 4218 (24.11%), to KOG database categories; and 6,603 (37.74%), to GO database categories. Furthermore, we identified 8,798 potential SSRs among 6653 unigenes. A total of 9 polymorphic SSR markers were developed to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of 96 isolates collected from Guangdong Province in China. Clonal reproduction of P. polysora in Guangdong was dominant. The YJ (Yangjiang) population had the highest genotypic diversity and the greatest number of the multilocus genotypes, followed by the HY (Heyuan), HZ (Huizhou) and XY (Xinyi) populations. These results provide valuable information for the molecular genetic analysis of P. polysora and related species.
Rat model of an autologous cancellous bone graft
Authors: Hamada Tomo , Matsubara Hidenori , Hikichi Toshifumi , Shimokawa Kanu , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: September 2021

Autologous cancellous bone (ACB) grafting is the “gold standard” treatment for delayed bone union. However, small animal models for such grafts are lacking. Here, we developed an ACB graft rat model. Anatomical information regarding the iliac structure was recorded from five rat cadavers (10 ilia). Additionally, 5 and 25 rats were used as controls and ACB graft models, respectively. A defect was created in rat femurs and filled with ACB. Post-graft neo-osteogenic potential was assessed by radiographic evaluation and histological analysis. Iliac bone harvesting yielded the maximum amount of cancellous bone with minimal invasiveness, considering the position of parailiac nerves and vessels. The mean volume of cancellous bone per rat separated from the cortical bone was 73.8 ± 5.5 mm3. Bone union was evident in all ACB graft groups at 8 weeks, and new bone volume significantly increased every 2 weeks (P < 0.001). Histological analysis demonstrated the ability of ACB grafts to act as a scaffold and promote bone union in the defect. In conclusion, we established a stable rat model of ACB grafts by harvesting the iliac bone. This model can aid in investigating ACB grafts and development of novel therapies for bone injury.
Structural, optical and microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Ti1−xSnx)4O9, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7 ceramics
Authors: Ali Asad , Uddin Sarir , Lal Madan , Zaman Abid , Iqbal Zafar , Althubeiti Khaled
Published: September 2021

Sn-doped BaTi4O9(BT4) dielectric ceramics were prepared by a mixed oxide route. Preliminary X-ray diffraction (XRD) structural study shows that the ceramic samples have orthorhombic symmetry with space group (Pnmm). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the grain size of the samples decreases with an increase in Sn4+content. The presence of the metal oxide efficient group was revealed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The photoluminescence spectra of the ceramic samples reported red color ~ 603, 604, 606.5 and 605 nm with excitation energy ~ 2.06, 2.05, 2.04 and 2.05 eV for Sn4+content with x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7, respectively. The microwave dielectric properties of these ceramic samples were investigated by an impedance analyzer. The excellent microwave dielectric properties i.e. high dielectric constant (εr = 57.29), high-quality factor (Qf = 11,852), or low-dielectric loss (3.007) has been observed.
Recent advances of MXenes as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Bai Saishuai , Yang Meiqing , Jiang Jizhou , He Xiaomiao , Zou Jing , Xiong Zhiguo , Liao Guodong , Liu Song
Published: September 2021

MXenes, an emerging two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides, have exhibited great potential as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to the excellent characters, including excellent structural and chemical stability, superior electrical conductivity, and large active surface area. In this comprehensive study, firstly, the preparation advances of MXenes are systematically summarized. Then, the representative applications of MXenes-based HER electrocatalysts are introduced, from experimental and theoretical aspects. Thirdly, the strategies for improving HER catalytic activity of MXenes are demonstrated, such as optimizing active sites by termination modification and metal-atom doping, increasing active sites by fabricating various nanostructures. Finally, the existing challenges and new opportunities for MXenes-based electrocatalysts are also elucidated. This paper provides reference for the future development of new and efficient MXenes-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen production through water-splitting technology.
Membrane anchoring facilitates colocalization of enzymes in plant cytochrome P450 redox systems
Authors: Laursen Tomas , Lam Hiu Yue Monatrice , Sørensen Kasper Kildegaard , Tian Pengfei , Hansen Cecilie Cetti , Groves Jay T. , Jensen Knud Jørgen , Christensen Sune M.
Published: September 2021

Plant metabolism depends on cascade reactions mediated by dynamic enzyme assemblies known as metabolons. In this context, the cytochrome P450 (P450) superfamily catalyze key reactions underpinning the unique diversity of bioactive compounds. In contrast to their soluble bacterial counterparts, eukaryotic P450s are anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and serve as metabolon nucleation sites. Hence, membrane anchoring appears to play a pivotal role in the evolution of complex biosynthetic pathways. Here, a model membrane assay enabled characterization of membrane anchor dynamics by single molecule microscopy. As a model system, we reconstituted the membrane anchor of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR), the ubiquitous electron donor to all microsomal P450s. The transmembrane segment in the membrane anchor of POR is relatively conserved, corroborating its functional importance. We observe dynamic colocalization of the POR anchors in our assay suggesting that membrane anchoring might promote intermolecular interactions and in this way impact assembly of metabolic multienzyme complexes.
Comparative genomic analysis of Methanimicrococcus blatticola provides insights into host adaptation in archaea and the evolution of methanogenesis
Authors: Thomas Courtney M , Taib Najwa , Gribaldo Simonetta , Borrel Guillaume
Published: September 2021

Other than the Methanobacteriales and Methanomassiliicoccales, the characteristics of archaea that inhabit the animal microbiome are largely unknown. Methanimicrococcus blatticola, a member of the Methanosarcinales, currently reunites two unique features within this order: it is a colonizer of the animal digestive tract and can only reduce methyl compounds with H2 for methanogenesis, a increasingly recognized metabolism in the archaea and whose origin remains debated. To understand the origin of these characteristics, we have carried out a large-scale comparative genomic analysis. We infer the loss of more than a thousand genes in M. blatticola, by far the largest genome reduction across all Methanosarcinales. These include numerous elements for sensing the environment and adapting to more stable gut conditions, as well as a significant remodeling of the cell surface components likely involved in host and gut microbiota interactions. Several of these modifications parallel those previously observed in phylogenetically distant archaea and bacteria from the animal microbiome, suggesting large-scale convergent mechanisms of adaptation to the gut. Strikingly, M. blatticola has lost almost all genes coding for the H4MPT methyl branch of the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (to the exception of mer), a phenomenon never reported before in any member of Class I or Class II methanogens. The loss of this pathway illustrates one of the evolutionary processes that may have led to the emergence of methyl-reducing hydrogenotrophic methanogens, possibly linked to the colonization of organic-rich environments (including the animal gut) where both methyl compounds and hydrogen are abundant.
Quantitative determination of new anti-inflammatory drug indomenthyl and its metabolite in rabbit plasma by HPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Leonov Klim A. , Bykova Arina V. , Bykov Vladimir V. , Vishenkova Darya A. , Lipskikh Olga I. , Dorozhko Elena V. , Pavlovsky Victor I. , Vengerovskii Alexander I. , Udut Vladimir V.
Published: September 2021

A highly sensitive HPLC/MS/MS method for quantitation of an innovative anti-inflammatory drug and its metabolite in rabbit plasma was developed, validated and applied to a pharmacokinetic study.
High efficiency deep red to yellow photochemical upconversion under solar irradiance
Authors: Gallaher Joseph K. , Wright Katherine M. , Frazer Laszlo , MacQueen Rowan W. , Crossley Maxwell J. , Castellano Felix N. , Schmidt Timothy W.
Published: September 2021

Photochemical upconversion is performed using champion sensitizers and annihilators to achieve high efficiencies under one sun.
Potential role of tea extract in oocyte development
Authors: Zhao Lei , Sun Qing-Yuan , Ge Zhao-Jia
Published: September 2021

Tea extract may be beneficial to oocytes, such as restoring the adverse effects induced by environmental factors. The effects of tea extract on oocytes may be mediated by regulating hormones, energy metabolism, ROS, and gut microbiota.
Controlling the dispersion of ceria using nanoconfinement: application to CeO2/SBA-15 catalysts for NH3-SCR
Authors: Shen Jun , Hess Christian
Published: September 2021

By applying in situ spectroscopies we elucidate the mechanism of template-assisted synthesis of ceria-based NH3-SCR catalysts, allowing us to rationally improve the catalytic performance.
Zinc oxide heterostructures: advances in devices from self-powered photodetectors to self-charging supercapacitors
Authors: Nandi Sukanta , Kumar Sumana , Misra Abha
Published: September 2021

ZnO—a versatile nanostructure for self-powered devices.
Luminescence enhancement of lead halide perovskite light-emitting diodes with plasmonic metal nanostructures
Authors: Zheng Mingfei , Fang Guojia
Published: September 2021

As a newly emerging PeLEDs, it is crucial to improve their efficiency and stability. Surface-plasmon effect provides a promising approach to enhance luminescence, which is realized by incorporating plasmonic metal nanostructures into PeLEDs.
Are bis(pyridine)iodine(i) complexes applicable for asymmetric halogenation?
Authors: von der Heiden Daniel , Németh Flóra Boróka , Andreasson Måns , Sethio Daniel , Pápai Imre , Erdelyi Mate
Published: September 2021

The enantioselectivity of the iodine(i) transfer process from chiral bis(pyridine)iodine(i) complexes to alkenes is explored.
From crystallographic data to the solution structure of photoreceptors: the case of the AppA BLUF domain
Authors: Hashem Shaima , Macaluso Veronica , Nottoli Michele , Lipparini Filippo , Cupellini Lorenzo , Mennucci Benedetta
Published: September 2021

With an integrated molecular dynamics and QM/MM strategy we characterize the dark-state structure of a BLUF photoreceptor and ration alize the discrepancy between published crystal structures.
Nascent chain dynamics and ribosome interactions within folded ribosome–nascent chain complexes observed by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Burridge Charles , Waudby Christopher A. , Włodarski Tomasz , Cassaignau Anaïs M. E. , Cabrita Lisa D. , Christodoulou John
Published: September 2021

NMR measurements of methyl relaxation in translationally-arrested ribosome–nascent chain complexes probe the dynamics of folded nascent polypeptides emerging during biosynthesis and quantify their interaction with the ribosome surface.
Phase behavior in thin films of weakly segregated block copolymer/homopolymer blends
Authors: Hong Jia-Wen , Chang Jung-Hong , Chang Iris Ching-Ya , Sun Ya-Sen
Published: September 2021

For P(S-b-MMA)/PS mixtures with ϕPS = 64%, PL exists in thin films annealed at 230–270 °C. For thick films, thermal annealing at 245–270 °C produces both PL and DG of various fractions. PL becomes the only discernible phase in thick films annealed at 230 °C.
Solid-state near infrared emitting platinum(ii) complexes as either an ultrathin or singly doped phosphorescence emitting layer in hybrid white OLEDs exhibiting high efficiency and colour rendering index
Authors: Kidanu Hagos Tesfay , Chen Chin-Ti
Published: September 2021

Two platinum complexes PBSNND and AtFNND have been used to achieve high efficiency (EQEmax of 12.9% and 13.7%) hybrid white OLEDs with an ultrathin and singly doped phosphorescence emitting layer, respectively.
Twitter, Telepractice, and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Social Media Content Analysis
Authors: Weidner Kristen , Lowman Joneen , Fleischer Anne , Kosik Kyle , Goodbread Peyton , Chen Benjamin , Kavuluru Ramakanth
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Telepractice was extensively utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about issues experienced during the wide-scale rollout of a service delivery model that was novel to many. Social media research is a way to unobtrusively analyze public communication, including during a health crisis. We investigated the characteristics of tweets about telepractice through the lens of an established health technology implementation framework. Results can help guide efforts to support and sustain telehealth beyond the pandemic context.

Method

We retrieved a historical Twitter data set containing tweets about telepractice from the early months of the pandemic. Tweets were analyzed using a concurrent mixed-methods content analysis design informed by the nonadoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread, and sustainability (NASSS) framework.

Results

Approximately 2,200 Twitter posts were retrieved, and 820 original tweets were analyzed qualitatively. Volume of tweets about telepractice increased in the early months of the pandemic. The largest group of Twitter users tweeting about telepractice was a group of clinical professionals. Tweet content reflected many, but not all, domains of the NASSS framework.

Conclusions

Twitter posting about telepractice increased during the pandemic. Although many tweets represented topics expected in technology implementation, some represented phenomena were potentially unique to speech-language pathology. Certain technology implementation topics, notably sustainability, were not found in the data. Implications for future telepractice implementation and further research are discussed.