bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFECTO DE LOS ARTES DE PESCA SOBRE EL TAMAÑO DE LOS PECES EN UNA PESQUERÍA ARTESANAL DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Narváez Barandica Juan Carlos , Herrera Pertuz Fabio Andrés , Blanco Racedo Jacobo
Published: October 2017

As fundamental support for designing a management system for the fishery in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta and Pajarales Complex (CGSM-PC), the effect of the most used fishing gears on the main five fish species was addressed. The fishes studied were: mapalé sea catfish (Cathorops mapale), striped mojarra (Eugerres plumieri), New Granada sea catfish (Ariopsis sp.), parassi mullet (Mugil incilis), and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Length frequency data for each species were available during 1994-1996 and 2000-2004 to the following gears: cast-nets, encircling gillnets, beach seines, longlines, and gill nets. In order to evaluate the gears’ effect, the mean fish size (MCS) was compared to the size at maturity (MMS) of each species, considered here as limit reference point (LRP). The MCS for each species changed through the years, between landing sites and gears. The five fish species showed an individual size reduction trend. The results indicate that M. incilis, C. mapale, and Ariopsis sp. are at high risk of overfishing, since in all cases their MCS surpass their MMS. Concerning E. plumieri, although its MCS slightly exceeded the MMS, it is not exempted of the jeopardy of overexploitation. Oreochromis niloticus was the only one species without any overfishing hazard. How technological changes affect fish resources is discussed, whereas some management measures for this fishery are proposed.
DISEÑO DE UN ÁREA MARINA PROTEGIDA PARA BAHÍA PORTETE – LA GUAJIRA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Gutiérrez Moreno Carolina , Alonso C. David , Segura Quintero Carolina
Published: October 2017

Using an ecorregional planning process for the selection of conservation priority sites in the Colombian Caribbean region and the qualification of ecological criteria, bahía Portete was identified as a potential site for the establishment of a new Marine Protected Area (MPA). This bay encompass a great variety of marine and coastal ecosystems, including fish, planktonic, and benthic communities as well as species that in conjunction with the environmental features form an area of high heterogeneity and unique biodiversity in the province of La Guajira. The purpose of this research was to design the first MPA in the north of the Province through the evaluation of ecologic criteria, as well as proposed conservation and management objectives; setting up a management category within the existing National Protected Areas System (SINAP in Spanish). Therefore, based on secondary information and following the “The five S framework”, methodology design by The Nature Conservancy for site planning, five conservation objectives (OdC) of coarse-filter or habitats were identified: corals, seagrasses, sandy beaches, rocky coasts and mangroves ecosystems, and three OdC of fine filter: areas with presence of Crocodylus acutus, sea turtles´ feeding areas, and areas of birds congregation. A viability analysis was developed for each healthy object found within the area, thus reflecting the biodiversity health of the area. The analysis of criteria, viability and the definition of the management objectives for the area, allowed the election of National Natural Park as the most appropriate management category for the area. Based on a systematic process and with the use of the MARXAN (University of Queensland) Decision Support System (DSS), three no-take zones were identified, with which the protection of a minimum of 30% of the coverage area for each of the objects is guaranteed as the initial contribution to the internal zoning of the new MPA.
FISHES AND MOBILE MACROINVERTEBRATES OF ARTICIAL HABITATS IN TAGANGA BAY, COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN
Authors: Delgadillo Garzón Óscar
Published: October 2017

Fishes and macroinvertebrates associated to two types of articial habitats deployed in Taganga Bay were assessed by stationary visual census to compare these assemblages. Forty-one species of shes and nine macroinvertebrates were observed in eleven visual censuses. The distribution patterns depicted in abundance and richness between the two types of habitats used (concrete blocks vs. articial shelters), were a possible response to dissimilarities in their location and number of visual census. A relative high sh richness and diversity were found in these articial habitats, in comparison to other articial structures in Colombia, probably owing to their proximity with heterogeneous natural habitats. The use of complex articial habitats could have potential useful to conserve, restore and manage some marine resources supported in planned researches in this area.
FERTILIDAD Y FECUNDIDAD DE MONTASTRAEA ANNULARIS EN UN ARRECIFE DEGRADADO
Authors: Alvarado Ch. Elvira , Acosta Alberto
Published: October 2017

This study determined the gametogenic cycle, fecundity and fertility of Montastraea annularis, in the Isla Grande coral reef, Archipelago of Nuestra Señora del Rosario, one of the most degraded reefs in the Colombian Caribbean. The surveyed population is currently characterized by medium size colonies (ca. 3379 cm2), with 27 % of the ramets showing partial mortality and 10 % with total mortality. Colonies present high number of small sized ramets formed by !ssion (76 %, smaller than 50 cm2). Based on the above mentioned population structure characteristics, the aim of this research was to explain the low recruitment rate reported for this reef through the reproductive response of a population dominated by small ramets. Between September 2003-2004, tissue fragments were collected and histological slides were made to detail the development of oocytes and spermaries and to estimate fecundity. Additionally during September of 2003 and 2004, in situ spawned eggs were collected to quantify fecundity. Results showed that oogenesis occurred between May and September and the spermatogenesis between July and September. Fertility was low (35 % and 40 %, in situ and histology, respectively) as well as fecundity (20 and 11 eggs/cm2/year-1, in situ and histology, respectively). Of the 33 % of ramets that showed spermaries, only 3 % of the mesenteries presented male gametes and in these, the presence of sperm cysts was also scarce (4 espermaries/gonad). Although the size of the ramets did not show a statistical relationship with fertility or fecundity, ramets between 50 and 100 cm2 were found more fecund than smaller (<50 cm2) or larger ramets (>200 cm2). The poor reproductive effort found can, in part, explain the low number of small colonies in the studied population, which in turn is expected in degraded sites and in populations with high !ssion rates. The results suggest that the viability of the population of M. annularis at Isla Grande is de!ned by the low number of fertile ramets and the low fecundity, but especially by low production of male gametes.
CONTRIBUCIÓN AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LA FAUNA ÍCTICA EN DOS ISÓBATAS (10 Y 50 M) DE LA REGIÓN DE LA GUAJIRA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Polanco F. Andrea , Quintero Gil Julio Andrés , Cortés Fabián , Duque Guillermo
Published: October 2017

An inventory of the sh fauna of the Guajira region was made based on samples collected on a cruise performed between Palomino and Punta Espada along the isobaths of 10 and 50 m, from March 30 to April 8, 2005, on board of the B/I ANCÓN (INVEMAR) research vessel. A total of 3662 specimens were collected, representing 51 families, 113 species, and four morphotypes identied to genus level. Seventeen of those species represented new records from the study area. Differences in composition and abundance of the sh fauna were assessed among Guajira and Palomino ecoregions and among different depths. Our results suggest that La Guajira has a great diversity of shes in the continental shelf and that the sh assemblages are mostly arranged following vertical stratications and, to a lesser extent, ecoregional congurations. This pattern is possibly associated to bottom type and other environmental characteristics.
ENFERMEDADES CORALINAS Y SU INVESTIGACIÓN EN LOS ARRECIFES COLOMBIANOS
Authors: Gil Agudelo Diego L. , Navas Camacho Raúl , Rodríguez Ramírez Alberto , Reyes Nivia María Catalina , Bejarano Sonia , Garzón Ferreira Jaime , Smith Garriet W.
Published: October 2017

Coral reefs are one of the most beautiful and important ecosystems in the planet. These ecosystems have existed for over 200 million years and have survived extreme episodes such as glaciations and mass extinctions during their history. Nonetheless, during the last three decades, these ecosystems have registered sudden and dramatic changes that, according to some researchers, endanger their survival and persistence. One of the major problems coral reefs are facing nowadays is the outbreak of diseases that affect corals, which constitute the basic unit of this ecosystem. There is no consensus regarding whether these disease outbreaks are recent episodes; but what seems to be true is that some of these diseases have favored unprecedented changes in coral reefs. Coral reefs in Colombia have also been affected by disease events, and since the 1980´s, several coral diseases have been observed and studied, and even one of them was "rst described in Colombian reefs. This work presents a compendium of the main coral diseases registered around the world and is meant to serve as a guide for new studies in this topic. Similarly, a summary of coral disease research carried out in Colombia is presented as well as a discussion on current perspectives for the study of this "eld in the country.
FAUNA NOCTURNA ASOCIADA A LOS MANGLARES Y OTROS HUMEDALES EN LA VÍA PARQUE ISLA DE SALAMANCA, DEPARTAMENTO DEL MAGDALENA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Balaguera Reina Sergio A. , González Maya José F. , Acero P. Arturo
Published: October 2017

This note reports the faunal species associated with mangroves and other wetlands in nocturnal periods in the Vía Parque Isla de Salamanca in order to support management and conservation planning for this natural park. The study was carried out from September through December 2006 using nocturnal surveys. We report 19 species including invertebrates such as arachnids, crustaceans, and mollusks, and vertebrates such as amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. We focused on those species that are classified as threatened either nationally or internationally, and those for which VIPIS represents an information need and an important area for ensuring their persistence.
HIDROZOOS DE LA FAMILIA AGLAOPHENIIDAE DE LA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL Y TALUD SUPERIOR DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Posada P. Tibisay , Peña C. Álvaro L. , Navas S. Gabriel R.
Published: October 2017

A taxonomic study of hydroids of the Aglaopheniidae family collected on soft bottoms of Colombian Caribbean Sea between 20 and 500 m depth in March 2001 was made. Two genera and six species were found, highlighting Aglaophenia elongata, A. lophocarpa and A. tridentata as new records for Colombian waters. Additionally, the bathymetric distribution for Aglaophenia latecarinata and A. tridentata was expanded. In general, morphological characters of the species studied did not show significant differences regarding the taxonomic descriptions made by other authors. This report contains taxonomic files and images of the species described and annotations about general composition, distribution and substrate.
LISTADO DE DIATOMEAS (BACILLARIOPHYTA) REGISTRADAS PARA EL MAR CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Lozano Duque Yesid , Vidal Luis Alfonso , Navas S. Gabriel. R.
Published: October 2017

We conducted a literature review of available information on the species of marine (Bacillariophyta) diatoms reported for coastal and ocean Colombian Caribbean Sea. We present a checklist of 337 taxones for 312 species, 19 varieties and seven forms, grouped into 54 families and 106 genera. The taxonomic classification was based on the system proposed by Round et al. (1990).
EVALUACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL DE DISPOSITIVOS EXCLUIDORES DE FAUNA ACOMPAÑANTE EN REDES DE ARRASTRE PARA CAMARÓN DE AGUAS SOMERAS EN EL PACÍFICO COLOMBIANO
Authors: Girón Alexander , Rico Farit , Rueda Mario
Published: October 2017

The effects of the introduction of bycatch reduction devices in the shrimp trawling fleet in shallow waters of the Colombian Pacific, were tested through an experiment fishing involving the industrial fishing sector. Following the commercial fishing conditions, we evaluated the turtle excluder device (TED), the "fish eye" fish excluder device (OP) and the combination of both devices (DET + OP). The variables used to assess the effects of the devices on the different components of the catch [target catch (CO), bycatch (CI) and discard (D)] were the relative abundance and length distribution of individuals. The effects of device type, fishing areas and their interaction were assessed by two-way ANOVA, while the effect of the devices on the length structure of catches was evaluated by comparison of size distributions using the Chi-square test. The overall ratio between the target catch (shrimp) and bycatch was 1:14. Groups of species caught were fish (83 %), crustaceans (13 %), molluscs (1.1 %), cnidarians (1.3 %), reptiles (1 %) and echinoderms (0.6 %), which together included 216 taxa. The variables TCO, CI (commercial fish) and D (discards) all varied significantly between fishing grounds. The devices did not affect shrimp catch in trawl nets, but fish catch did depending on the fishing grounds. The performance of devices showed with respect to the CI that DET excluded 45 %, the OP 36 % and OP+DET 78 %, while the discard was reduced by 22 % with the DET, 39 % with OP and 58 % in the DET + OP. The length distributions of the trawl-net with devices did differ significantly from the control net. The devices tested reduced the impact of trawling on marine biodiversity by allowing the escape of many species. However, the escape of commercial size fish could affect the income of fishermen.
PRIMER HALLAZGO DE APIOMITHRAX VIOLACEUS (A. MILNE-EDWARDS) (BRACHYURA: EPIALTIDAE: PISINAE) PARA EL CARIBE
Authors: Lira Carlos , Bolaños Juan , Hernández Gonzalo , Hernández Jesús , López Régulo
Published: October 2017

Up to now, the sub-family Pisinae Dana, 1851 was represented in the Caribbean coasts of Venezuela by six species [Chorinus heros (Herbst, 1790); Libinia ferreirae Brito Capello, 1871; Herbstia depressa Stimpson, 1870; Sphenocarcinus corrosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1878; Pelia mutica (Gibbes, 1850) and Nibilia antilocapra (Stimpson, 1871)], which make up 38 % of the Pisinae crabs reported for the Caribbean Sea. During an examination of unidentified material from the crustacean collection of the Laboratory of Carcinology at Universidad de Oriente, Margarita Island, Venezuela, nine specimens (six males and three females) of Apiomithrax violaceus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868) were discovered. Until now the distribution of this Pisinae species was known to range from Mauritania to Angola in the eastern Atlantic, Ascension Island in the central Atlantic, as well as Brazil and Orinoco Delta in the western Atlantic. All specimens were collected in Venezuelan waters, at the following locations: Margarita island: Playa Valdés, Península de Macanao, Boca Chica, El Maguey; Sucre State (mainland): Guayacán. This is the most northerly record of the species and it is the first time to be reported for the Caribbean Sea, increasing the number of known species of Pisinae to 17 in this area.
THE FEEDING HABITS OF JUVENILE SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARKS (SPHYRNA LEWINI) CAUGHT IN THE GULF OF NICOYA, COSTA RICA
Authors: Zanella Cesarotto Ilena , López Garro Andrés , Arauz Vargas Randall
Published: October 2017

Sharks present strong intraspecific changes in feeding habits, which may vary according to size, geographic location and season. This study analyzed the stomach contents of 52 juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks (25 females and 27 males) caught by artisanal vessels in the Gulf of Nicoya. Regarding the organisms found in the stomachs, 41.07 % were teleost fish, 30.36 % mollusks and 28.57 % crustaceans. Mollusks presented  the  highest  Relative Importance Index  (RII) (43.05  %), followed by teleost fish (41.37 %) and crustaceans (15.58 %). Squids (Loliginidae) were the items with the greatest RII (32.57 %). By means of the Pianka index, a relatively low overlap between sexes was identified, suggesting a  spatial sexual segregation and, in consequence, an ecological niche separation between male and female hammerhead sharks.
CARACTERÍSTICAS OCEANOGRÁFICAS EN LA ISLA MALPELO Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA CUENCA OCEÁNICA DEL PACÍFICO COLOMBIANO
Authors: Rodríguez Rubio Efraín , Giraldo Alan
Published: October 2017

Malpelo Island forms the insular ecoregion of the Colombian Pacific, and is composed by a mosaic of terrestrial ecosystems, and unique coastal and shallow subtidal systems. Considering its insular nature, the oceanographic features of this locality are expected to be related with the physical and chemical dynamics of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) and be modulated by the regional dynamic of the Colombian Pacific Oceanic Basin (COPC in Spanish). In this work, in situ data was used to describe the thermohaline conditions in the water column in Malpelo Island and identify key water mass during the two contrasting hydro-meteorological periods of the COPC. Furthermore, we analyzed the thermal and haline variability in the COPC and defined the surface geostrophic flow from in situ oceanographic data during the same time in order to evaluate its effect on the oceanographic conditions in the pelagic environment off Malpelo Island.
OCURRENCIA Y TASAS DE ENCUENTRO DE MAMÍFEROS MARINOS EN LAS AGUAS DE LA ISLA MALPELO Y HACIA EL CONTINENTE
Authors: Herrera Carmona Julio César , Capella Alzueta Juan José , Soler Germán Andrés , Bessudo Sandra , García Carolina , Flórez González Lilián
Published: October 2017

This work compiles a decade (2001-2010) of marine mammal sightings in the Malpelo Fauna and Flora Sanctuary (FFS) and the area between the island and mainland coast. Four separate sources of data were consulted, which used visual searching during cruising efforts while Malpelo’s surrounding waters were surveyed from a vantage point. Seven species were identified in the FFS: October and November were the months with higher species richness. Tursiops truncatus had the highest encounter rates (17.78 groups/100 h), followed by Megaptera novaeangliae (1.62) and Stenella attenuata (0.88). These species were usually within 6 km from the island. Other species seen around the island include Stenella coeruleoalba, Delphinus delphis, Stenella longirostris and Zalophus wollebaeki. On the other hand, thirteen species were identified during cruises, and March and April were the months with the highest species richness. Megaptera novaeangliae had the highest encounter rate (5.94), followed by T. truncatus (3.30), S. attenuata (3.08), D. delphis (3.08) and S. coeruleoalba, Globicephala macrorhynchus and Orcinus orca, each one with 0.66. Other species seen during the cruises include Steno bredanensis, Pseudorca crassidens, Grampus griseus, Peponocephala electra, Physeter macrocephalus and Ziphius cavirostris. Megaptera novaeangliae were associated to the continental shelf, T. trunctaus and D. delphis to oceanic waters, and S. attenuata to both the continental shelf and oceanic waters. Delphinus delphis was more abundant in intermediate waters, during the first trimester (January-March), while T. truncatus was the most abundant species around the Sanctuary during all seasons, suggesting that is the same population. The latter was also the only species found all year round in both zones (around the island and in oceanic waters), and encounter rates did not change across years. Megaptera novaeangliae had a seasonal presence (mostly June to November) with a higher abundance during the third trimester (July-September), both around Malpelo and the transect. The presence of humpback whales calves suggests that Malpelo is used for reproductive purposes. This new information about the marine mammals found in Malpelo FFS and the area between the island and the continent contributes to the understanding of these species in Colombian waters.
VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS OF THE SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARK (SPHYRNA LEWINI) AROUND MALPELO AND COCOS ISLANDS (TROPICAL EASTERN PACIFIC) USING SATELLITE TELEMETRY
Authors: Bessudo Sandra , Soler Germán A. , Klimley Peter A. , Ketchum James , Arauz Randall , Hearn Alex , Guzmán Adriana , Calmettes Beatriz
Published: October 2017

Understanding distribution ranges and the daily movement patterns of pelagic fishes are key aspects for the establishment and planning of protected areas for their conservation. In this study the vertical and horizontal movements of scalloped hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna lewini, were recorded in Malpelo and Cocos Island using satellite telemetry. Nine sharks were tagged with satellite transmitters during March 2006, 2007 and 2008 at Malpelo Island, and three hammerhead sharks were tagged at Cocos Island in June 2008. The sharks moved between islands in the Tropical Eastern Pacific and made regional movements from Malpelo to the south of Cocos and around the Malpelo ridge. When away from the island, sharks made infrequent nocturnal short dives down to 1000 m where temperatures were as low as 4 °C. For a shark that was tracked for five months, results indicated significant differences between the time spent at different depth ranges, as well as an interaction between depth, water layers, and the time of the day. The shark swam mostly at surface waters (0-10 m) during the cold water season, and spent more time at the deepest depth range (>100 m) during nigh time. Further long-term studies on shark movement patterns are required for a better management of this highly mobile and vulnerable species.
COBERTURA Y ESTRUCTURA DE LOS BOSQUES DE MANGLE EN LA BAJA GUAJIRA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Orjuela Rojas Alianis M. , Villamil Carlos A. , Sanjuan Muñoz Adolfo
Published: October 2017

cover and structural attributes of mangrove forests in the Baja Guajira were estimated and identified. Forest cover was estimated from ASTER images and aerial photographs. The forest structure was evaluated along transects which were 10 m broad and as long as the width of the mangrove fringe. In each transect mangrove trees were identified and counted. The total height and the diameter at breast height (DBH) of the trees were measured and subsequently the basal area, density and Importance Value Index (IVI) calculated. The estimated mangrove cover of the Baja Guajira was 59.9 ha. The most frequent and dominant species was Laguncularia racemosa (0.54 m2.ha-1). Rhizophora mangle was present in 75 % of the stations, while Avicennia germinans was only found in the north of the study area. The highest average heights and diameters for R. mangle, L. racemosa and A. germinans were determined in Rincón Mosquito (12.9±2.3 m and 22.4±11.2 cm), Puerto Brisa (12.2±5.3 m and 20.8±9.8 cm) and La Enea (13.8± 4.3 m and 23.8±14.8 cm), sectors with a constant fresh water supply. The less developed forest, a monospecific forest of Conocarpus erectus, was observed in Dibulla station, with height and diameter averages of 2.8±0.6 m and 3.0±0.9 cm. In terms of natural regeneration, L. racemosa presented the highest proportion of seedlings in the study area, R. mangle was found in stations partly flooded and A. germinans had the highest density of seedlings and propagules at La Enea station.
MORTALIDAD DE CORALES ESCLERACTÍNIOS JUVENILES EN EL ARCHIPIÉLAGO NUESTRA SEÑORA DEL ROSARIO, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: López Londoño Tomás , Navas Camacho Raúl , Gil Agudelo Diego L.
Published: October 2017

En la estación de monitoreo de arrecifes coralinos del SIMAC en isla Tesoro, archipiélago Nuestra Señora del Rosario, se evaluó la mortalidad y se identifiaron algunos signos de deterioro en corales escleractínios juveniles (colonias < 2-4 cm). Se marcaron y evaluaron 41 colonias por un período de seis meses (abril-octubre de 2006), de las cuales 31 pertenecieron a especies incubadoras de plánulas (con dominancia de Porites astreoides y Agaricia spp.) y 10 a especies liberadoras de gametos (con mayor abundancia de Montastraea cavernosa). La tasa de mortalidad encontrada (0.1) fue baja comparada con otras registradas, condición posiblemente relacionada con una presión moderada de los tensores presentes en el área durante la época del estudio. La abundancia de corales juveniles en los diferentes taxones y los signos de deterioro registrados son refljo de las estrategias de vida, en las que especies incubadoras de plánulas son usualmente más abundantes y vulnerables.
LA CLASE CAUDOFOVEATA (MOLLUSCA) EN EL MAR CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Gracia C. Adriana , Fontalvo Erlenis , Gámez Luis Carlos
Published: October 2017

Five classes of marine mollusks, including Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda, Scaphopoda, and Polyplacophora, have been recorded inhabiting the Colombian Caribbean Sea. Other classes with a basal position within the phylum such as Caudofoveata and Solenogastres have remained overlooked, as a result of their body shape (worm-like with no shell), small sizes (Caudofoveata 1.5 to 140 mm length), and limited taxonomic information for identifiations. The presence of Caudofoveata species on the continental margin of the Colombian Caribbean Sea was evidenced through several studies conducted by Invemar between 2007 and 2012. Samples were collected from localities between Gulf of Morrosquillo and La Guajira, in a bathymetrical range from 3 to 1010 m depth. These novel outcomes suggest that Caudofoveata specimens are more common in the marine fauna inhabiting soft bottoms than previously thought.
CONFLICTOS NORMATIVOS ASOCIADOS CON EL DERECHO DE PROPIEDAD DE LAS COMUNIDADES INDÍGENAS Y AFRO EN ÁREAS DE BOSQUES, ZONA COSTERA DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Villa Porto Claudia , Sierra Correa Paula Cristina
Published: October 2017

The implementation of the United Nations strategy for “Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD)” as a mitigation measure to the effects of climate change on forest areas of Colombia, finds support for implementation of international conventions of which the country is part. The methodology applied in REDD projects has conflicts with current regulatory framework, related to the collective ownership of indigenous and afro communities. This paper focus on communities property rights vs. potential REDD forests and their good and environmental services. Conclusions show that the law on coastal areas against forest resource use is limited in Colombia and requires to improve scientific research on normative and regulatory processes focus on economic instruments for biodiversity uses, in order to reduce or take into account the impacts on communities property rights.
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL HÁBITO ALIMENTARIO DE DOCE ESPECIES DE PECES ASOCIADOS A LA CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA, COLOMBIA
Authors: Gámez Barrera Dáninso , Morón Granados Eliana , Fuentes Reines Juan
Published: October 2017

Changes in food composition of 12 species of fishes from the southeastern part of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia were evaluated; a total of 2035 individuals were sampled. Significant changes in food composition with size, time and space were observed, mainly in Ariopsis sp., Cathorops mapale, Lycengraulis batesii, Astyanax magdalenae, and Aequidens pulcher. Regarding diet similarity between species, two main groups were observed. The first one was divided in three subgroups: one characterized by fish foraging on insects and zooplankton is composed by A. magdalenae and Roeboides dayi; the second one is composed by the generalists Ariopsis sp., L. batesii, and A. pulcher, and the third one by fish predators Caquetaia kraussii and C. mapale. The other group was characterized by fish feeding on phytoplankton and in a lower proportion on detritus and zooplankton (Oreochromis niloticus, Mugil incilis, M. liza, and M. curema) or on detritus (Cyphocharax magdalenae).
REEF FISH FORAGING ASSOCIATIONS AT MALPELO ISLAND, COLOMBIA (TROPICAL EASTERN PACIFIC)
Authors: Quimbayo Juan P , Zapata Fernando A , Floeter Sergio R , Bessudo Sandra , Sazima Ivan
Published: October 2017

Varias especies de animales marinos establecen temporalmente asociaciones de caza interespecíficas, en las cuales especies oportunistas siguen a otras especies llamadas nucleares mientras estas buscan alimento pues disturban el substrato. Este tipo de comportamiento ha sido observado entre algunas especies de peces arrecifales en la isla Malpelo en el Pacífico colombiano. La morena Gymnothorax dovii y el jurel Caranx melampygus fueron identificados como especies nucleares mientras cazaban dentro del sitio conocido como El Arrecife. Estas especies fueron acompañadas por algunos meros Dermatolepis dermatolepis y Mycteroperca olfax, jurel Seriola rivoliana, pez corneta Aulostomus chinensis, la vieja Bodianus diplotaenia y en algunas ocasiones por el jurel Caranx melampygus, que tuvo ambos comportamientos (nuclear/seguidor). Este tipo de interacción alimentaria es un importante componente en la estructura trófica de las comunidades arrecifales que ocurren en todos los mares.
ANÁLISIS DE NORMATIVA AMBIENTAL Y MAPEO INSTITUCIONAL: HACIA UNA POLÍTICA CLIMÁTICA INTEGRADA PARA REDUCIR EL RIESGO ASOCIADO AL AUMENTO EN EL NIVEL DEL MAR EN EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Vides Casado Martha Patricia , Sierra Correa Paula Cristina
Published: October 2017

Never before have the needs for climate adaptation been so urgent, in response to the change that takes place nowadays at an unprecedented pace. As the world coastal areas impacts increase, mainly due to the accelerated sea level rise (SLR), so the pressure on the administrations will grow to reach a coastal development allowing the reduction of its vulnerability, dependent on the basis of a correct integrated climate. The creation of an institutional dimension capable of withstanding this demanding development has been identifid as a key element to meet current climate variability, such as the future climate changes. This paper analyzes the regulatory and institutional landscape (domestic laws and policies) on which the managers of Colombia’s coastal areas count on by 2012, for the incorporation of the adaptation policies against SLR, being the Colombian Caribbean coastal area the special emphasis of this context. The results of the relationship between the management systems and the articles of domestic laws and policies are presented, accompanied by an institutional, intersectoral mapping, which has identifid the institutions responsible for carrying out the public policy-making aiming at the Colombian coastal area integrated climate policy. The analysis shows that, despite the existence of clearly defied management systems in the policy instruments, their practical application falls short of incorporating the sea level rise in the planning instruments, requiring an effective implementation in the short term and the optimization of the human, logistic, and fiancial resources.
CAULLERIELLA PETERSENAE N. SP. Y DOS NUEVOS REGISTROS DE CIRRATULIDAE (ANNELIDA:POLYCHAETA) PARA VENEZUELA.
Authors: Díaz Díaz Oscar , Cárdenas Oliva Adibe , Liñero Arana Ildefonso
Published: October 2017

A total of 295 specimens of cirratulids were collected at fie localities from the northeastern coast of Venezuela. Caulleriella petersenae is described as a species new to science, which is characterized by the absence of eyes and the presence of the fist notopodial hooks at the chaetiger 26. On the other hand, Monticellina cf. serratiseta and Timarete caribous were recorded for the fist time from Venezuela waters. All these species have been found associated to macro-algae and coral reef.
ANÁLISIS HISTÓRICO DE LA INCIDENCIA DE CIGUATERA EN LAS ISLAS DEL CARIBE DURANTE 31 AÑOS: 1980 – 2010
Authors: Celis Juan Sebastián , Mancera Pineda José Ernesto
Published: October 2017

Ciguatera fih poisoning is a seafood-borne illness caused by the consumption of fih that have accumulated lipid-soluble ciguatoxins, produced by dinoflgellates of the genera Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, Coolia and Prorocentrum. The true extent of the disease and its impact on tourism and public health on the Caribbean islands is poorly understood. For this reason, we analyze the incidence of ciguatera in the Caribbean states (CS) and San Andrés Island (SAI), seeking spatial and temporal trends. Through epidemiological reports obtained from the Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (CAREC) and the Departmental Health Secretariat of SAI, the per capita incidence of ciguatera has been calculated for the periods 1980 to 2010 and 2007 to 2011, respectively. Subsequently the data were analyzed using t tests, incidence rate ratio and rank correlation. The data show that, over the period 1980-2010, there were 10 710 cases reported from 18 CAREC countries, with an average annual incidence of 42/100 000. There was an increase between the periods 1980-1990 and 2000-2010 with annual averages calculated from reported cases of 34.2 and 45.2 / 100 000 respectively. The island of Montserrat presented the highest incidence in the region, 350 / 100 000 while SAI showed an incidence of 25/100 000 inhabitants, occupying the eighth position among the analyzed islands. The rate ratio (average annual incidence 2000-2010 / average annual incidence 1980-1990) was 1.36, so there was a 32% increase in the average annual incidence among CAREC countries and almost 300% between the two time periods. The ciguatera incidence level in the Caribbean has increased over the last 31 years, mainly in the Eastern Caribbean. The Bahamas, Antigua and Barbuda contribute greatly to the reported increase. Considering that the development model of much of the region is based on the tourism industry and that fih is a major protein source for Caribbean communities, it can be concluded that ciguatera is a growing problem which is expected to increase in parallel with environmental change.
EVALUACIÓN DE AMENAZAS ANTROPOGÉNICAS EN ECOSISTEMAS DE PLAYA EN SAN ANDRÉS, UNA ISLA PEQUEÑA DEL CARIBE SUROCCIDENTAL
Authors: Guerra Vargas Luis A. , Mancera Pineda José Ernesto
Published: October 2017

In this paper we present the assessment of the main threats to beach ecosystems arising from their use in San Andrés, a small oceanic island in the Caribbean. To determine each threat and its pressure level on the ecosystem, we applied surveys and, based on social cartography methods, we obtained perception maps with relative threat magnitudes for each use, from very low to very high. The results suggest that the current economic model of San Andrés, almost totally dependent on massive tourism, may increase pressure intensities to the beach ecosystems due to increased pollution, urban development, land reclamation and exploitation of coastal resources. Tourists, the motor and benefiiaries of this socio-ecosystem, may be affected by these tensors, discouraging them to visit again the island. It is recommended to include in the island´s management plans new legislations to minimize the impacts of beach use on this ecosystem.
NOTES ON THE MARINE ALGAE OF THE INTERNATIONAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE SEAFLOWER, CARIBBEAN COLOMBIA IV: NEW RECORDS OF MACROALGAL EPIPHYTES ON THE SEAGRASS THALASSIA TESTUDINUM
Authors: Albis Salas Margarita Rosa , Gavio Brigitte
Published: October 2017

Nine species of macroalgae are newly reported for the Caribbean International Biosphere Reserve Seaflwer. Of these taxa, Neosiphonia sphaerocarpa, Polysiphonia schneideri, Polysiphonia sertularioides, Cladosiphon occidentalis, and Phaeophila dendroides, have been previously reported from Colombian waters, whereas Ulothrix sp., Ulva flxuosa subsp. paradoxa, Chaetomorpha minima, and Cladophora liniformis represent new records for the country. All the algae were found growing epiphytically on Thalassia testudinum in shallow (<1 m) seagrass meadows around San Andrés Island. Their morphological features are discussed.
NOTES ON THE MARINE ALGAE OF THE INTERNATIONAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE SEAFLOWER, CARIBBEAN COLOMBIA V: FIRST STUDY OF THE ALGAL FLORA OF QUITASUEÑO BANK
Authors: Gavio Brigitte , Cifuentes Ossa Maria Alejandra , Wynne Michael J.
Published: October 2017

During a biodiversity expedition to the northern cays of the Archipelago of San Andrés, Old Providence and Saint Catalina, we collected macroalgal samples along Quitasueño Bank, a submerged 60 km-long coralline bank. This is the fist phycological study on the bank. We present a preliminary list of 76 macroalgae, including ten species of cyanobacteria. Fifteen of these taxa are new records for Colombia, and an additional nine are new records for the Archipelago. With this preliminary study, we increase the number of taxa in the macroalgal flra of this region of Colombia by 10.1%.
SIPÚNCULOS (SIPUNCULA) DEL GRAN CARIBE: LISTA DE ESPECIES Y BIBLIOGRAFÍA
Authors: Quiroz Ruiz María Mónica , Londoño Mesa Mario H.
Published: October 2017

Sipunculans, or “peanut worms”, are marine invertebrates with high importance in rock dissolution processes, and because they are an important source of food for other marine species. A search of all literature about recorded families, genera and species for the Grand Caribbean was done. The region comprises between the limits from South Carolina, in the United States, to the Northern littoral of Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico, Major and Lesser Antilles, as well as Center and South American coasts. The revision includes as much published information as possible, both electronically and in hard copy, and was organized and listed in alphabetical and not phylogenetic order. Species that are not from the region where differentiated such as synonymies, in order to offer an idea about the taxonomic problems that the group has. 84 specie names where found, divided into 14 genera and 6 families. From the 84 names that where found, only 23 names correspond to valid species; 10 out of the 84 names that where found do not have suffiient information. In these terms, the group is organized through the standardized and systematic preliminary order. It is expected that this list becomes an important source of knowledge for sipunculans in the Caribbean and other close regions.
DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA DEL LANGOSTINO BLANCO LITOPENAEUS SCHMITTI EN EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Valle Allan G. , Fresneda Rodríguez Adriana , Chasqui Luis , Caballero Susana
Published: October 2017

Southern white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti has been a commercial exploited species in Colombian Caribbean since 1968, becoming a high trade interest species and carrying a development of high fiheries activity, which then caused an overexploitation and a subsequent decrease in catches. Due to the current situation of this species, with the aim of assess the genetic diversity and the level of differentiation within each population and between different populations of the southern white shrimp with help of microsatellite molecular markers, 162 individuals were fihed from four shore locations; Laguna de Navío Quebrado in La Guajira, Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta in Magdalena, Bahía de Barbacoas in Bolívar and Bahía de Cispatá in Sucre; and one open sea population in Golfo de Morrosquillo, Córdoba and Sucre shores. It was found that Navío Quebrado’s population showed the highest level of observed heterocigosity and Ciénaga Grande's population showed the lower level of inbreeding. According to the analysis of population structure, there are three population units; one consisting of Ciénaga Grande, Bahía de Barbacoas, and Cispatá populations, another consisting of Golfo de Morrosquillo population, and a third one consisting of Laguna de Navío Quebrado; these fidings could be results of the oceanographic current patterns.
DIVERSIDAD Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE PECES EN EL GRADIENTE DE PROFUNDIDAD DE UNA PARED ARRECIFAL CORALINA EN LA ISLA DE SAN ANDRÉS, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Serna Rodríguez Karen Melissa , Zapata Fernando A. , Mejía Ladino Luz Marina
Published: October 2017

“Blue Wall”, in San Andrés Island (Colombia), is an outer reef slope with an inclination that increases with depth to nearly 90°. Such a steep gradient facilitates the identification of patterns of variation in species abundance and diversity along depth. To document such patterns in fishes associated with this habitat, 30 visual censuses were conducted along 30 x 2 m transects, located at 5 m intervals between 5-30 m depth, in which the abundance and diversity of species was estimated. A total of 2916 individuals belonging to 46 species from 21 families were recorded within transects. Ten additional species were observed outside of transects for a total richness of 56 species. The dominant species were Canthigaster rostrata, Chromis cyanea, Stegastes partitus, Thalassoma bifasciatum and Clepticus parrae, which together with four other species accounted for 92% of the total abundance. Several of these dominant species are planktivorous and abundant throughout the Caribbean and had broad ranges of vertical distribution with abundance peaks in different parts of the depth gradient. In general, there was a positive correlation between average abundance and breadth of depth distribution. Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis revealed distinct assemblages at each depth, which also differed significantly, but weakly, in their diversity and dominance, but not in their species richness and evenness. Shallow assemblages were clearly distinctive from deep ones, with greater differentiation between shallower than between deeper assemblages. We conclude that the fish assemblage at “Blue Wall” exhibits a structural order that can be explained, in part, by depth and that reef walls offer an excellent opportunity to examine processes responsible for patterns of community structure in coral reef fishes.
DISTRIBUCIÓN, FRECUENCIA Y ABUNDANCIA DEL FITOPLACTON POTENCIALMENTE TOXÍGENO EN LA CUENCA PACÍFICA COLOMBIANA
Authors: Arteaga Sogamoso Edgar , Perdomo Trujillo Laura Victoria
Published: October 2017

In order to contribute to the knowledge of potentially toxigenic phytoplankton, the frequency, distribution and abundance of these organisms in samples from eleven cruises conducted in the Colombian Pacific basin from 2004 to 2011 is described. The research cruises were conducted under the Regional Study of the “El Niño” phenomenon in the Southeast Pacific (ERFEN), a multinational program of the Permanent Commission for the South Pacific (CPPS). Genera Pseudo-nitzschia, Dinophysis, Gonyaulax, and Alexandrium are remarkable in the results because of their wide distribution, persistence and abundance. These species have been reported to cause amnesic intoxications (Pseudonitzschia), diarrhea (Dinophysis and Gonyaulax), and paralytic poisoning (Alexandrium). Although some of these species were abundant in the plankton, there were not obvious changes in water coloration or reports of adverse effects during the study period.
DOS CASOS DE DOS CABEZAS EN EMBRIONES DE TIBURÓN, VIUDA AMARILLA MUSTELUS HIGMANI Y EL TIBURÓN AZUL PRIONACE GLAUCA.
Authors: Ehemann Nicolás , Marín Sanz Javier , Barany González Michelle
Published: October 2017

This study reports the first dicephalic shark’s embryo of smalleye smooth-hound Mustelus higmani and the eighth case in blue shark Prionace glauca. Each embryo was removed from the womb of a pregnant female, caught in coastal waters of the Caribbean Sea, near to Nueva Esparta state. The dicephalic embryos are exhibited in the Marine Museum of Margarita.
NUEVOS HALLAZGOS Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE ALGUNAS ESPECIES DE AGUAS PROFUNDAS DEL PACÍFICO DE COLOMBIA II. CALLIONYMIDAE (TELEOSTEI)
Authors: Beltrán León Beatriz Susana , Ríos Herrera Raúl , Rubio Rincón Efraín
Published: October 2017

We present new records of larvae and adult fish from the family Callionymidae in the Colombian Pacific coast. Larvae and juvenile of Synchiropus atrilabiatus (Garman 1899), expands its distribution range within this coast (between Tumaco in the South to the border with Panama in the North), presenting low to medium abundances in September-October 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and February-March 2006, 2014. Larvae were always collected at stations 54 km away from the coast. Adults of S. atrilabiatus were collected as bycatch from the deep-sea shrimp fishing fleet between 67-700 m depth at Bahía Cupica in 1995 and Arusí in 2005.
VARIACIÓN INTERANUAL DE LA ESTRUCTURA DE TALLAS Y ASPECTOS REPRODUCTIVOS DEL CAMARÓN PINK (FARFANTEPENAEUS BREVIROSTRIS) EN EL PACÍFICO COLOMBIANO
Authors: Girón Montaño Alexander , Rueda Mario , Eraso Ordoñez Jessica Franeive , Rodríguez Jiménez Alfredo
Published: October 2017

The fishery of the deep water shrimp is a resource of great economic and social importance for the Colombian Pacific Coast. Farfantepenaeus brevirostris (pink shrimp) is the target resource supporting this fishery; however, reproductive information and the fishing effect on size structure with management implications, has not been documented in recent years. The aim of this study was to analyze the variation in size structure and reproductive aspects of F. brevirostris, therefore 45 hauls were sampled in three onboard fishery monitoring of the industrial trawl fleet per year, between 2009 and 2015. In each haul in situ morphometric characteristics and sexual maturity of 20262 individuals were recorded. 56.2% of individuals collected were females, however the ratio female: male of 1:0.8 was not significant. The size range caught by the fishing fleet did differ between sexes and years, showing that females were larger (50 mm and 200 mm in total length) than males (75 mm to 170 mm). In this regards, females showed the highest mean catch size in 2012 (128.04 mm) and the lowest in 2011 (114.9 mm), while males were larger in 2011 (166.6 mm) and smaller in 2015 (106.3 mm). The maturity function had a different pattern between sexes and constant variability in maturity curves among years, which meant estimating the average size at maturity (TMM) for F. brevirostris based on an average curve of seven years (TMM females = 130.6 mm and TMM males = 83.2 mm). The size structure obtained and maturity curves indicated that females are more susceptible to fishing (between 66% and 94% of immature individuals are harvested). However, catches showed that only 1% to 32% of males are immature, which enables a success reproductive strategy of the population to offset the fishing effect. Better control of gear selectivity and implementation of spatial-temporal fishing closures are suggested for the management and conservation of this resource.
DENSIDAD Y ESTRUCTURA DE TALLAS DEL PEZ LEÓN PTEROIS VOLITANS (SCORPAENIDAE) EN EL CARIBE OCCIDENTAL INSULAR COLOMBIANO
Authors: González Corredor Juan David , Acero P. Arturo , García Urueña Rocío
Published: October 2017

The problems produced by invading species have been recognized in the last years, considering the situation the second cause of biodiversity lost, after habitat degradation. The lion fish (Pterois volitans), a species native to the Western Pacific, was first detected in southern Florida in 1985. Since 2000 the species began dispersing, extending first to the east coast of the United States, Bermuda, and Bahamas, and, after 2007, it has expanded to the Caribbean, appearing in Colombian oceanic and continental localities in 2008 and 2009, respectively. San Andrés natural conditions ease deeper understanding of several aspects of the invasion and constitutes a natural experiment to study the process and behavior of the colonization. Estimations of its abundance, density and size structure in the island environment of the Colombian Caribbean should allow making valid approximations to mitigating strategies. 1200 m2 distributed in three stations (Bajo Bonito, Villa Erika, and West Point) were studied in the island. A density of 379.03 ind/ha (± 220) and a total population of 109.6826 x 104 individuals with a mean size of 29.03 (± 2.47) cm were found