bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving textural properties of gluten‐free veggie sausage with egg white proteins
Authors: Zhao Hefei , Han Aiyun , Nduwamungu Joshua J. , Nishijima Noriaki , Oda Yoshifumi , Handa Akihiro , Zhang Yue , Majumder Kaustav , Xu Changmou
Published: October 2022

Gluten and gums are usually used in veggie sausage for textural purposes; however, they are not label‐friendly for consumers with gluten sensitivity or consumers looking for clean‐label foods. Therefore, two commercial egg white proteins (P110 and M200) were studied at different levels (0%–10%) to substitute gluten or xanthan gum. The veggie sausages were subjected to color, texture, length, and weight loss evaluations. M200 significantly improved the texture of sausages and exhibited the most similar texture profile as a commercial meat sausage. The overall texture‐enhanced capability of gel materials was ranked in the order of 5% M200 > 5% P110 ≥ 3% Gluten ≥ 1.3% Xanthan Gum. Egg white proteins did not significantly affect the color, length, and weight loss of sausages. Raman spectra revealed that M200 gel had a higher α‐helix structure than P110 gel, which indicated that M200 formed an ordered gel by reforming tyrosine at Raman shift 833 and 860 cm−1 inside while P110 formed a disordered gel by exposing tyrosine. This study demonstrated that M200 would substitute both the gluten and xanthan gum for improving the texture of veggie sausages. The findings may also be applied to other meat analogs targeting gluten‐free and label‐friendly purposes.
A spectral element solution of the two‐dimensional linearized potential flow radiation problem
Authors: Visbech Jens , Engsig‐Karup Allan P. , Bingham Harry B.
Published: October 2022

We present a scalable two‐dimensional Galerkin spectral element method solution to the linearized potential flow radiation problem for wave induced forcing of a floating offshore structure. The pseudo‐impulsive formulation of the problem is solved in the time domain using a Gaussian displacement signal tailored to the discrete resolution. The added mass and damping coefficients are then obtained via Fourier transformation. The spectral element method is used to discretize the spatial fluid domain, whereas the classical explicit 4‐stage fourth‐order Runge–Kutta scheme is employed for the temporal integration. Spectral convergence of the proposed model is established for both affine and curvilinear elements, and the computational effort is shown to scale with , with being the total number of grid points and . The solver is used to compute the hydrodynamic coefficients for several floating bodies and compared against known public benchmark results. The results show excellent agreement, ultimately validating the solver and emphasizing the geometrical flexibility and high accuracy and efficiency of the proposed solution strategy. Lastly, an extensive investigation of nonresolved energy from the pseudo‐impulse is carried out to characterize the induced spurious oscillations of the free surface quantities leading to a robust strategy for tuning the pseudo‐impulsive motion to the spatial discretization.
Unraveling schizophrenia replicable functional connectivity disruption patterns across sites
Authors: Du Xiaotong , Wei Xiaotong , Ding Hao , Yu Ying , Xie Yingying , Ji Yi , Zhang Yu , Chai Chao , Liang Meng , Li Jie , Zhuo Chuanjun , Yu Chunshui , Qin Wen
Published: October 2022

Functional connectivity (FC) disruption is a remarkable characteristic of schizophrenia. However, heterogeneous patterns reported across sites severely hindered its clinical generalization. Based on qualified nodal‐based FC of 340 schizophrenia patients (SZ) and 348 normal controls (NC) acquired from seven different scanners, this study compared four commonly used site‐effect correction methods in removing the site‐related heterogeneities, and then tried to cluster the abnormal FCs into several replicable and independent disrupted subnets across sites, related them to clinical symptoms, and evaluated their potentials in schizophrenia classification. Among the four site‐related heterogeneity correction methods, ComBat harmonization (F1 score: 0.806 ± 0.145) achieved the overall best balance between sensitivity and false discovery rate in unraveling the aberrant FCs of schizophrenia in the local and public data sets. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified three replicable FC disruption subnets across the local and public data sets: hypo‐connectivity within sensory areas (Net1), hypo‐connectivity within thalamus, striatum, and ventral attention network (Net2), and hyper‐connectivity between thalamus and sensory processing system (Net3). Notably, the derived composite FC within Net1 was negatively correlated with hostility and disorientation in the public validation set (p < .05). Finally, the three subnet‐specific composite FCs (Best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.728) can robustly and meaningfully discriminate the SZ from NC with comparable performance with the full identified FCs features (best AUC = 0.765) in the out‐of‐sample public data set (Z = −1.583, p = .114). In conclusion, ComBat harmonization was most robust in detecting aberrant connectivity for schizophrenia. Besides, the three subnet‐specific composite FC measures might be replicable neuroimaging markers for schizophrenia.
Does Renminbi internationalization matter for petroleum security in China? Evidence from a disaggregate analysis
Authors: Chen Ding , Gummi Umar Muhammad , Wang Junping
Published: October 2022

As the largest oil consumer and sixth largest oil producer in the world, China's growing oil import is a premise to its energy security concerns. For China, petroleum security means supply security. The paper disaggregates petroleum security into three dimensions (domestic petroleum price—DOP, petroleum supply—PS and petroleum reserve—PR) and examines the impact of Renminbi internationalization (RMBI) on these dimensions based on linear auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) procedure, and monthly data spanning from 2011M01 to 2022M03. The empirical results reveal evidence of long run equilibrium relationship between PR, PS and RMBI. On the long run and short run dynamics, RMBI is inversely related to DOP both in the short run and long run, but the impact is less than proportionately. However, RMBI and PS co‐move in the short run with 0.24% margin. In the same vein, RMBI and PR co‐move both in the short run and long run significantly. The impact of international oil price is positive on DOP but negative on PS and PR at least in the short run. Our finding signalled to the fact that increasing acceptance of the RMB in trade settlements and crude oil invoicing serve as a comparative advantage for China to engage in oil trade and complement the oil demand growth threatening the country's energy security drive. Therefore, we suggest diversification of crude oil import sources especially to regions/countries where RMB has been widely accepted. Prominence should be given to government controlled Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPRs) and large oil companies should be compelled to raise the level of mandatory oil reserve for sustainable supply that keep pace with the growing demand for oil.
Mechanical alterations of electrospun poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) in response to convective thermobonding
Authors: Behrangzade Ali , Keeney Hannah R. , Martinet Katarina M. , Wagner William R. , Vande Geest Jonathan P.
Published: October 2022

Vascular graft failure has persisted as a major clinical problem. Mechanical, structural, and transport properties of vascular grafts are critical factors that substantially affect their function and thus the outcome of implantation. The manufacturing method, post‐processing technique, and material of choice have a significant impact on these properties. The goal of this work is to use thermal treatment to modulate the transport properties of PCL‐based vascular engineered constructs. To this end, we electrospun PCL tubular constructs and thermally bonded the electrospun fibers in a convective oven at various temperatures (54, 57, and 60°C) and durations of treatment (15, 30, and 45 s). The effects of fiber thermal bonding (thermobonding) on the transport, mechanical, and structural properties of PCL tubular constructs were characterized. Increasing the temperature and treatment duration enhanced the degree of thermobonding by removing the interconnected void and fusing the fibers. Thermobonding at 57°C and 60°C for longer than 30 s increased the median tangential modulus (E = 126.1 MPa, [IQR = 20.7]), mean suture retention (F = 193.8 g, [SD = 18.5]), and degradation rate while it decreased the median permeability (kA = 0 m/s), and median thickness (t = 60 μm, [IQR = 2.5]). In particular, the thermobonding at 57°C allowed a finer modulation of permeability via treatment duration. We believe that the thermobonding method can be utilized to modulate the properties of vascular engineered constructs which can be useful in designing functional vascular grafts.
Roles of biomarkers in anti‐MDA5‐positive dermatomyositis, associated interstitial lung disease, and rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease
Authors: Li Xiaomeng , Liu Yongmei , Cheng Linlin , Huang Yuan , Yan Songxin , Li Haolong , Zhan Haoting , Li Yongzhe
Published: October 2022

Background

Anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 (MDA5)‐positive dermatomyositis (MDA5+DM) is significantly associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD), especially rapidly progressive ILD (RPILD) due to poor prognosis, resulting in high mortality rates. However, the pathogenic mechanism of MDA5+DM‐RPILD is unclear. Although some MDA5+DM patients have a chronic course of ILD, many do not develop RPILD. Therefore, the related biomarkers for the early diagnosis, disease activity monitoring, and prediction of the outcome of RPILD in MDA5+DM patients should be identified. Blood‐based biomarkers are minimally invasive and can be easily detected.

Methods

Recent relative studies related to blood biomarkers in PubMed were reviewed.

Results

An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that dysregulated expression of blood biomarkers related to ILD such as ferritin, Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (KL‐6), surfactant protein‐D (SP‐D), and cytokines, and some tumor markers in MDA5+DM may provide information in disease presence, activity, treatment response, and prognosis. These studies have highlighted the great potentials of blood biomarker values for MDA5+DM‐ILD and MDA5+DM‐RPILD. This review provides an overview of recent studies related to blood biomarkers, besides highlighted protein biomarkers, including antibody (anti‐MDA5 IgG subclasses and anti‐Ro52 antibody), genetic (exosomal microRNAs and neutrophil extracellular traps related to cell‐free DNA), and immune cellular biomarkers in MDA5+DM, MDA5+DM‐ILD, and MDA5+DM‐RPILD patients, hopefully elucidating the pathogenesis of MDA5+DM‐ILD and providing information on the early diagnosis, disease activity monitoring, and prediction of the outcome of the ILD, especially RPILD.

Conclusions

Therefore, this review may provide insight to guide treatment decisions for MDA5+DM‐RPILD patients and improve outcomes.
Inhibiting 5‐lipoxygenase prevents skeletal muscle atrophy by targeting organogenesis signalling and insulin‐like growth factor‐1
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Jun , Kim Seon‐Wook , Lee Sang‐Hoon , Jung Da‐Woon , Williams Darren R.
Published: October 2022

Background

Skeletal muscle atrophy can occur in response to numerous factors, such as ageing and certain medications, and produces a major socio‐economic burden. At present, there are no approved drugs for treating skeletal muscle atrophy. Arachidonate 5‐lipoxygenase (Alox5) is a drug target for a number of diseases. However, pharmacological targeting of Alox5, and its role in skeletal muscle atrophy, is unclear.

Methods

The potential effects of gene knockdown and pharmacological targeting of Alox5 on skeletal muscle atrophy were investigated using cell‐based models, animal models and human skeletal muscle primary cells. Malotilate, a clinically safe drug developed for enhancing liver regeneration and Alox5 inhibitor, was investigated as a repurposing candidate. Mechanism(s) of action in skeletal muscle atrophy was assessed by measuring the expression level or activation status of key regulatory pathways and validated using gene knockdown and RNA sequencing.

Results

Myotubes treated with the atrophy‐inducing glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, were protected from catabolic responses by treatment with malotilate (+41.29%, P < 0.01). Similar anti‐atrophy effects were achieved by gene knockdown of Alox5 (+30.4%, P < 0.05). Malotilate produced anti‐atrophy effects without affecting the myogenic differentiation programme. In an in vivo model of skeletal muscle atrophy, malotilate treatment preserved muscle force/strength (grip strength: +35.72%, latency to fall: +553.1%, P < 0.05), increased mass and fibre cross‐sectional area (quadriceps: +23.72%, soleus: +33.3%, P < 0.01) and down‐regulated atrogene expression (Atrogin‐1: −61.58%, Murf‐1: ‐66.06%, P < 0.01). Similar, beneficial effects of malotilate treatment were observed in an ageing muscle model, which also showed the preservation of fast‐twitch fibres (Type 2a: +56.48%, Type 2b: +37.32%, P < 0.01). Leukotriene B4, a product of Alox5 activity with inflammatory and catabolic functions, was found to be elevated in skeletal muscle undergoing atrophy (quadriceps: +224.4%, P < 0.001). Cellular transcriptome analysis showed that targeting Alox5 up‐regulated biological processes regulating organogenesis and increased the expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1, a key anti‐atrophy hormone (+226.5%, P < 0.05). Interestingly, these effects were restricted to the atrophy condition and not observed in normal skeletal muscle cultures with Alox5 inhibition. Human myotubes were also protected from atrophy by pharmacological targeting of Alox5 (+23.68%, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

These results shed new light on novel drug targets and mechanisms underpinning skeletal muscle atrophy. Alox5 is a regulator and drug target for muscle atrophy, and malotilate is an attractive compound for repurposing studies to treat this disease.
Pre‐gastric secretory epithelium: A light, scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of an epithelial modification of the esophagus in embryonic quails
Authors: Soliman Soha A. , Madkour Fatma A.
Published: October 2022

The current study investigated epithelial modification of embryonic quail esophagus using gross examination, light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. By semithin sections, the pre‐gastric modified region had unfolded mucosa, formed epithelial flabs and pockets, and had reduced muscularis mucosae, thin muscular layer, less glandular tissue, and outer esophageal groove. Conversely, the normal esophageal mucosa was folded, had abundant glandular tissue and prominent muscularis mucosae, with two muscular layers; the outer and the inner. The modified epithelium resembled stratified squamous type that had a high affinity for PAS, methylene blue, and PAP stains. Ultra‐structural features of the modified esophageal epithelium resembled stratified squamous epithelium and contained hypertrophic Keratinocytes; dark and light. Hypertrophic keratinocytes had RER organized, few ribosomes, and developed loose bundle of cytokeratin compared with squamous keratinocytes. Hypertrophic Keratinocytes synthesize two types of granules; peripherally located small electron‐dense granules and large electron‐lucent granules. Hypertrophic keratinocytes had peroxisomes that were identified by the crystalline core of the urate oxidase. In conclusion, epithelia modification may have secretory function. Further studies should be carried out to explain the exact function of this type of modified epithelium.
A descriptive investigation of clinical practice models used by cardiovascular genetic counselors in North America
Authors: Rickman Allison F. , Fitzgerald‐Butt Sara M. , Spoonamore Katherine G. , Ware Stephanie M. , Helm Benjamin M.
Published: October 2022

Cardiovascular genetic counseling has expanded as an established genetic counseling specialty over the last 20 years. Despite guidelines recommending genetic counseling for heritable cardiac diseases, there have been limited descriptions of the practice model types used for different clinical indications seen in this genetic counseling subspecialty. We aimed to describe current clinical practice models used by cardiovascular genetic counselors and to document practice model strengths, challenges, and areas for improvement. Genetic counselor respondents (n = 63) who self‐reported seeing cardiovascular indications were recruited through the National Society of Genetic Counselors and Twitter. They completed a survey describing the types of healthcare professionals with whom they collaborate to see common cardiovascular indications, the nature of their collaboration, and their qualitative experiences with their practice models. Clinical indications addressed in this survey were hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, all other cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, aortopathies, dyslipidemias, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and congenital heart defects. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. We found that the composition of multidisciplinary provider practice models varies by indication, though general cardiologists were the most common collaborative provider reported. Practice models including geneticists were most common for aortopathy indications. Overall, the majority of respondents were satisfied with the practice models they reported. While a wide variety of successes, challenges, and areas for improvement of practice models were reported, collaboration, communication, and access to appropriate providers for patient care were consistent themes across these three questions. To our knowledge, this is the first description of practice models used by cardiovascular genetic counselors. The results of this study add to the knowledge of this specialty of genetic counseling and assist in understanding the needs and challenges for developing cardiovascular genetics programs and clinics.
Forcing Hamiltonicity in locally finite graphs via forbidden induced subgraphs I: Nets and bulls
Authors: Heuer Karl , Sarikaya Deniz
Published: October 2022

In a series of papers, of which this is the first, we study sufficient conditions for Hamiltonicity in terms of forbidden induced subgraphs and extend such results to locally finite infinite graphs. For this we use topological circles within the Freudenthal compactification of a locally finite graph as infinite cycles. In this paper we focus on conditions involving claws, nets and bulls as induced subgraphs. We extend Hamiltonicity results for finite claw‐free and net‐free graphs by Shepherd to locally finite graphs. Moreover, we generalise a classification of finite claw‐free and net‐free graphs by Shepherd to locally finite ones. Finally, we extend to locally finite graphs a Hamiltonicity result by Ryjáček involving a relaxed condition of being bull‐free.
COVID‐19 and the state: Exploring a puzzling relationship in the early stages of the pandemic
Authors: Gisselquist Rachel M. , Vaccaro Andrea
Published: October 2022

During the first year of the Covid‐19 pandemic, it was wealthier countries with stronger institutions that suffered the highest numbers of cases and fatalities. Many weaker countries were instead praised for more effective pandemic response. What explains this seeming puzzle? We re‐consider these relationships in the cross‐country data, drawing on measures of the state, Covid's health impact and pandemic response. In brief, our analysis suggests that, when appropriate additional factors are taken into account, the expected relationship between state effectiveness and pandemic health outcomes in fact is clear. We also offer insight into how different dimensions of the state influence policy and outcomes and how particular countries compare with others.
Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma at baseline and 1 year after initiation of nucleos(t)ide analog therapy for chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Kaneko Shun , Kurosaki Masayuki , Mashiba Toshie , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Kondo Masahiko , Kojima Yuji , Uchida Yasushi , Fujii Hideki , Akahane Takehiro , Yagisawa Hitoshi , Kusakabe Atsunori , Kobashi Haruhiko , Abe Takehiko , Yoshida Hideo , Ogawa Chikara , Furuta Koichiro , Tamaki Nobuharu , Tsuji Keiji , Matsushita Tomomichi , Izumi Namiki ,   the Japanese Red Cross Liver Study Group
Published: October 2022

Nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) cannot completely suppress the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study aimed to identify the risk factors for HCC development in naïve CHB patients treated with current NA. Patients receiving NA (n = 905) were recruited retrospectively from the 17 hospitals of the Japanese Red Cross Liver Study Group. All treatment‐naïve patients had been receiving current NA continuously for more than 1 year until the end of the follow‐up. We analyzed the accuracy of predictive risk score using the area under receiver operating characteristic curve. The albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score was significantly improved by NA therapy (−0.171 ± 0.396; p < 0.001 at Week 48). A total of 72 (8.0%) patients developed HCC over a median follow‐up of 6.2 (1.03–15.7) years. An independent predictive factor of HCC development was older age, cirrhosis, lower platelet counts at baseline and ALBI score, and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) at 1 year after NA therapy according to multivariate analysis. The accuracy was assessed using the PAGE‐B, mPAGE‐B, aMAP, APA‐B, and REAL‐B scores that included these factors. Discrimination was generally acceptable for these models. aMAP and REAL‐B demonstrated high discrimination with 0.866/0.862 and 0.833/0.859 for 3‐ and 5‐year prediction from the status of 1 year after NA therapy, respectively. Baseline age and platelet count, as well as ALBI and AFP one year after NA, were useful for stratifying carcinogenesis risk. The aMAP and REAL‐B scores were validated with high accuracy in Japanese CHB patients.
Improving the performance of the unmeasured latent method construct technique in common method variance detection and correction
Authors: Ding Cherng G. , Chen Chien‐Fan , Jane Ten‐Der
Published: October 2022

In behavioral research, common method variance (CMV) is likely to occur when data are obtained from the same sources. Ignoring CMV can lead to biases in parameter estimates. Although the unmeasured latent method construct (ULMC) technique, based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), is frequently used for CMV detection and correction, previous research has indicated that its performance is rather poor. In this study, we propose an approach to improve the performance of ULMC by adding identifying indicators together with the use of Rindskopf's reparameterization of the CFA model for error variances and implicit constraints for correlations. The chi‐square test for model fit and the chi‐square difference test are used to test for the existence of CMV and to determine the number of method constructs. The simulation results indicated that, given adequate sample size, the ULMC technique with the proposed approach performs well in CMV detection and correction. Moreover, its performance in CMV correction is superior to the performance of the CFA marker technique. The approach, illustrated with two datasets, is strongly recommended for empirical studies that suffer CMV.
Ultrasonic bone cement removal efficiency in total joint arthroplasty revision: A computer tomographic‐based cadaver study
Authors: Roitzsch Clemens , Apolle Rudi , Jan Baldus Christian , Winzer Robert , Bellova Petri , Goronzy Jens , Hoffmann Ralf‐Thorsten , Troost Esther G. C. , May Christian Albrecht , Günther Klaus‐Peter , Fedders Dieter , Stiehler Maik
Published: October 2022

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) removal during septic total joint arthroplasty revision is associated with a high fracture and perforation risk. Ultrasonic cement removal is considered a bone‐preserving technique. Currently, there is still a lack of sound data on efficacy as it is difficult to detect smaller residues with reasonable technical effort. However, incomplete removal is associated with the risk of biofilm coverage of the residue. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the efficiency of ultrasonic‐based PMMA removal in a human cadaver model. The femoral components of a total hip and a total knee prosthesis were implanted in two cadaver femoral canals by 3rd generation cement fixation technique. Implants were then removed. Cement mantle extraction was performed with the OSCAR‐3‐System ultrasonic system (Orthofix®). Quantitative analysis of cement residues was carried out with dual‐energy and microcomputer tomography. With a 20 µm resolution, in vitro microcomputer tomography visualized tiniest PMMA residues. For clinical use, dual‐energy computer tomography tissue decomposition with 0.75 mm resolution is suitable. With ultrasound, more than 99% of PMMA was removed. Seven hundred thirty‐four residues with a mean volume of 0.40 ± 4.95 mm3 were identified with only 4 exceeding 1 cm in length in at least one axis. Ultrasonic cement removal of PMMA was almost complete and can therefore be considered a highly effective technique. For the first time, PMMA residues in the sub‐millimetre range were detected by computer tomography. Clinical implications of the small remaining PMMA fraction on the eradication rate of periprosthetic joint infection warrants further investigations.
Lactobacillus paracaseiIMC 502 ameliorates type 2 diabetes by mediating gut microbiota–SCFA–hormone/inflammation pathway in mice
Authors: Gu Yuxiang , Chen Haoran , Li Xing , Li Dan , Sun Yue , Yang Lin , Ma Ying , Chan Eric Chun Yong
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex and prevalent metabolic disease that seriously threatens human health. Numerous studies have shown that probiotics as dietary supplements have the potential to prevent and treat T2DM. However, the ability of various strains to improve diabetes symptoms and corresponding mechanisms are different. Thus, mechanistic investigation is required to validate the pharmacology of each probiotic strain for T2DM treatment. Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 was originally isolated from Italian elderly human feces and its probiotic attributes have been demonstrated. Here, the antidiabetic pharmacodynamics of L. paracasei IMC 502 on T2DM mice was explored.

RESULTS

Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 significantly decreased blood glucose, HbA1c and lipid levels, improved insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, regulated the mRNA/protein expression of key hepatic enzymes associated with gluconeogenesis, de novo lipogenesis and PI3K/Akt pathway, and repaired pancreatic and hepatic tissue damage. This probiotic conferred beneficial outcomes in the gut microbiome of diabetic mice, which induced transformation of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and further enhanced the secretion of downstream hormones, and ultimately ameliorated the inflammatory response.

CONCLUSION

Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 prevents and alleviates T2DM by mediating the gut microbiota–SCFA–hormone/inflammation pathway. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Performance of the new ferritic/martensitic steel SIMP against liquid lead‐bismuth eutectic corrosion: Comparison with T91 and 316L steels
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Shen Tielong , Zhou Ting , Wang Zhiguang
Published: October 2022

The degradation of structural materials caused by the corrosion of liquid lead‐bismuth eutectic (LBE), the coolant of lead‐cooled fast reactors (LFRs), has become one of the limiting factors for the development of LFRs. In this study, LFR structural candidates SIMP and T91 ferritic/martensitic steels and 316L austenitic stainless steel were selected to conduct corrosion experiments at different durations (120–1218 h) in oxygen‐saturated liquid LBE at 550°C. It was found that the austenitic stainless steel 316L has the best resistance to LBE corrosion due to its high Cr content, which allows dense Fe–Cr spinel with high Cr content to be generated in oxygen‐containing LBE, slowing down the oxidation rate. However, a certain degree of dissolution corrosion occurred in the early stages of corrosion in 316L steel, which disappeared with the increase of time. The ferritic/martensitic steel SIMP has better oxidation resistance than T91 due to its higher Si content, which results in a more compact inner oxide layer of SIMP steel, thus impeding the diffusion of Fe and O ions more effectively.
Superhydrophobic and Superlipophilic Low Density Polyethylene/Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Thermoplastic Vulcanizate Film for Pressure‐Responsive Continuous Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Huang Ping , Wang Junhao , Zhu Dazhi , Wang Zhaobo
Published: October 2022

In recent years, with the continuous discharge of wastewater, which has caused serious environmental pollution, it is a task to separate oil or water from wastewater. Therefore, an efficient and low‐cost oil–water separation method is needed to separate the oil–water mixture. Here, a superhydrophobic/superoleophilic low density polyethylene/styrene‐butadiene rubber (LDPE/SBR) thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) film (oil contact angle of 0° and water contact angle of 161.1° ± 1.7°) is prepared using an etched aluminum foil as a template and applied to a laboratory‐assembled oil–water separation device, which is a new method for oil–water separation via a pressure response valve. The LDPE/SBR TPV film is rolled up and stuffed into the through‐valve, and the gap between the films is used as the pressure response channel for oil and water separation, thus achieving oil and water separation. When the film gap is 25 or 50 µm, the separation efficiency of TPV film is greater than 99% with the variation of external pumping force, indicating that this method can achieve complete oil–water separation under a suitable external pumping force. This functional TPV film has good recyclability, environmental stability, chemical stability, mechanical durability, as well as thermal stability, which makes it have great application potential.
Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution: Design, Strategy, and Structure‐to‐Performance Relationship
Authors: Lin Zheng , Guo Jia
Published: October 2022

Photocatalysts are essential in photoenergy transduction systems, and their promising use for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water has been intensively studied for decades. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging crystalline materials that are featured with highly ordered skeletons with intrinsic uniform pores, conferring a predesignable platform for exploring novel photocatalysts. In this review, the rapid progress of two‐dimensional (2D) COFs on visible photocatalytic H2 production from water is delineated. This review summarizes the design principles of building blocks, linkages, and reactions for constructing photocatalytic active 2D COFs with desirable electronic properties. This review introduces different strategies for enhancing photocatalytic performances by extending π‐conjugation, establishing donor–acceptor (D–A) configuration, functionalizing layered structures, and incorporating heteroatoms, or metal complexes. This review details the unique synergy between 2D COFs and various functional materials, such as inorganic–organic semiconductors, emphasizing on the structure‐to‐performance relationship. This review further concludes with the current challenges and promising opportunities for developing COF‐based photocatalysts.
A combined experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study on customizing surface chemistry of graphene oxide toward high‐performance natural rubber composites
Authors: Zhang Xumin , Fu Quansheng , Luo Yanlong , Wang Jingyi , Jia Hongbing
Published: October 2022

Modification of fillers and enhancement of the dispersion and compatibility of fillers in a rubber matrix is an effective way to improve the comprehensive performance of rubber. In this work, graphene oxide (GO) was modified with each of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazole hydrochloride and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate. Then, modified GO/natural rubber (NR) composites were fabricated using a latex‐mixing method. By combining experiments and molecular simulation, we investigated the relationship between the microstructures and properties of the modified GO/NR composites. Results showed that the polyvinylpyrrolidone‐modified GO/NR composite had the smallest fractional free volume and mean square displacement, which led to excellent solvent resistance, and dynamic and physical mechanical properties. This study provides new insights into the design of high‐performance GO/NR composites at the molecular level. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Assessing inclusivity in online platforms through usability evaluation with Google Analytics
Authors: van den Berg Annelieke C. , Giest Sarah , Kraaij Wessel
Published: October 2022

As online platforms are swiftly becoming a dominant interface of government–citizen interactions, it is crucial that these platforms are inclusive. This article considers the potential of using digital trace data for assessing inclusivity in online platforms. Given that Google Analytics (GA) is a popular tool for collecting and analyzing digital trace data, this article asks to what extent GA is useful in usability evaluation for assessing inclusivity. This article reports on a case study in which GA was used for the usability evaluation of an online participation platform of a local government in The Netherlands. The usability evaluation via GA highlights that the platform was less inclusive toward two categories of users, namely, mobile users and users who access the platform via social media or referral. We conclude that GA is helpful for assessing inclusivity in online government platforms, particularly to the extent that it can be used to monitor whether there are differences in usability for different categories of users. Shortcomings of GA are that it gives limited insights into underlying reasons for identified behavioral patterns, that data quality can be compromised, and that functionalities of GA are restricted based on privacy or legal considerations.
Hypernudging in the changing European regulatory landscape for digital markets
Authors: Morozovaite Viktorija
Published: October 2022

The European regulatory landscape for digital markets is undergoing a transformative change. There is an observed shift toward the protection of public values and fundamental rights, as the market mechanism and market values that traditionally led regulatory processes in digital markets seem to have fallen short. In the context of the user‐centric digital economy, a clear commitment to safeguarding citizens' interests is ever‐more salient. This article provides a comprehensive account of hypernudging—dynamically personalized user steering, which represents the next generation user influencing techniques online, with the potential to lead to multifaceted individual and collective harms. However, problematizing the phenomenon for digital policy purposes is not a straightforward task. Due to the complexity and opaqueness of its underlying mechanisms and effects, policymakers are operating under conditions of uncertainty, necessitating a shared understanding of what impact hypernudging has on users as well as crafting a shared vision of values that ought to be embedded and safeguarded in digital choice architectures. To highlight the developing European approach in relation to hypernudging, the assessment of the recent legislative initiatives—the Artificial Intelligence Act, the Digital Markets Act, and the Digital Services Act—showcases underlying learning opportunities for addressing emergent challenges.
Effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on fatigue and psychological wellbeing in women with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised control trials
Authors: McCloy Kairen , Hughes Ciara , Dunwoody Lynn , Marley Joanne , Gracey Jackie
Published: October 2022

Background

Cancer diagnosis and treatment can cause fatigue, stress and anxiety which can have a detrimental effect on patients, families and the wider community. Mindfulness‐based interventions appear to have positive effects on managing these cancer‐related symptoms.

Objective

To investigate the efficacy of mindfulness on cancer related fatigue (CRF) and psychological well‐being in female cancer patients.

Methods

Five databases (CINHAL, Ovid Medline, Ovid Psych Info, Scopus, and Cochrane), and two trial registers (WHO and Clinicaltrials.gov) were searched for randomised control trials from inception to April 2021 and updated in August 2022. Meta‐analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4. The standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to determine the intervention effect. Subgroup analysis was performed for adaptation to types of mindfulness, length of intervention and types of comparator used.

Results

Twenty‐one studies with a total of 2326 participants were identified. Mindfulness significantly improved CRF (SMD −0.81, 95% CI −1.17 to −0.44), depression (SMD−0.74, 95% CI −1.08 to −0.39) and anxiety (SMD −0.92, 95% CI −1.50 to −0.33). No effect was observed for quality of life (SMD 0.32, 95% CI −0.13–0.87) and sleep (SMD −0.65, 95% CI −1.34–0.04). Subgroup analysis revealed that there was little difference in SMD for adapted type of mindfulness (p = 0.42), wait list control compared to active comparator (p = 0.05) or length of intervention (p = 0.29).

Conclusion

Mindfulness appears to be effective in reducing CRF and other cancer related symptoms in women. Adaptations to mindfulness delivery did not have negative impact on results which may aid delivery in the clinical settings.
Expectations versus reality: Understanding the accuracy of impressions made during virtual interviews of pediatric pulmonary fellowship programs
Authors: Atwood Daniel T. , Chiel Laura E. , Nelson Benjamin A. , Casey Alicia M.
Published: October 2022

Rationale

As a result of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, all pediatric pulmonary fellowship programs conducted virtual interviews for the first time in the Fall of 2020. This study aimed to understand the accuracy of virtual‐interview derived‐impressions of fellowship programs, as well as applicant preference for future fellowship interview cycles.

Methods

A group of pediatric pulmonary fellows and Program Directors designed a REDCap survey. The survey was distributed to all first‐year pediatric pulmonary fellows who participated in the 2020–2021 virtual interview season.

Results

23/52 (44%) of first‐year pediatric pulmonary fellows completed the survey. 96% were able to form general impressions about fellowship programs during their virtual interviews. 96% reported that generally their fellowship experience matched their virtual‐interview derived‐impressions. 17 of the 19 factors applicants use to rank programs had no statistically significant change (p > 0.05) in impression from virtual interview to fellowship experience. The two factors with a statistically significant (p < 0.05) change in impression were patient care related—volume of “bread and butter” pediatric pulmonary patients and volume of tertiary care pediatric pulmonary patients. 87% prefer some form of in‐person interview option in future application cycles. A tiered interview format in which applicants are first invited to a virtual interview day followed by an optional in‐person second look day was the most popular preference for future interview cycles (48%).

Conclusions

Virtual interviews may provide accurate representations of pediatric pulmonary fellowship programs and applicants prefer some type of in‐person interview option in future application cycles.
Identification and characterization of UDP‐glycosyltransferase genes and the potential role in response to insecticides exposure in Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Chen Meng‐Ling , Zhang Shu‐Xia , Guo Peng‐Yu , Qin Qing‐Shi , Meng Li‐Wei , Yuan Guo‐Rui , Wang Jin‐Jun
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a worldwide pest damaging a wide range of hosts. Due to the long‐term indiscriminate use of insecticides, B. dorsalis has developed serious resistance to several insecticides. UDP‐glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are secondary metabolic enzymes involved in biotransformation and play an important role in the metabolism of plant secondary metabolites and synthetic insecticides in insects. Thus, we suspect that UGTs in B. dorsalis play an important role in insecticide tolerance.

RESULTS

In this study, 31 UGT genes were identified in the genome of B. dorsalis, belonging to 13 subfamilies. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) results revealed that 12 UGT genes were highly expressed in the antennae, midgut, Malpighian tubule and fat body. The mRNA expressions of 17 UGT genes were up‐regulated upon exposure to λ‐cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, abamectin and chlorpyrifos. Knockdown of the selected five UGT genes (BdUGT301D2, BdUGT35F2, BdUGT36K2, BdUGT49D2, BdUGT50B5) by RNA interference increased the mortality of B. dorsalis from 9.29% to 27.22% upon exposure to four insecticides.

CONCLUSION

The abundance of UGTs in B. dorsalis is similar to other insect species, and 12 out of 31 UGTs were specifically expressed in metabolic tissues, suggesting a key role in detoxification. Down‐regulation of five selected UGT genes increased the susceptibility of B. dorsalis to various insecticides, indicating that UGTs may play an important role in tolerance of B. dorsalis to multiple insecticides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Legislators do not harness voter support for disaster preparedness
Authors: Anderson Sarah E. , DeLeo Rob , Taylor Kristin
Published: October 2022

Natural disasters are worsening, but elected officials have not adequately invested in programs that would improve disaster preparedness. Federal spending and election outcomes have been taken to suggest policymakers' failure to support long‐term preparedness results from a lack of interest in disaster preparedness among voters and a pervasive preference among voters for more spending on disaster relief than preparedness. However, our national survey experiment on state legislators and public preferences shows that the public is equally interested in disaster preparedness and relief and that both the public and legislators are open to increases in spending on preparedness. The support for preparedness can be motivated by information about past disaster losses rather than having to make difficult predictions about future losses. This study suggests the lack of preparedness spending stems not from voter disinterest, but from a failure of legislators to harness voter support for preparedness. Specifically, the legislators included in our study report being less responsive to attentive voters' preferences on preparedness than relief.
Eliciting and working with student thinking: Preservice science teachers' enactment of core practices when orchestrating collaborative group work
Authors: Chan Kennedy Kam Ho
Published: October 2022

As more and more science teacher educators are subscribing to a practice‐based teacher education curriculum, it is becoming increasingly necessary to identify and articulate smaller grain‐sized teaching practices nested within a core practice in important instructional contexts in order to facilitate preservice science teachers' (PSTs') learning of core practices. This paper illustrates how to achieve this goal using data from a qualitative study that aimed to characterize how PSTs enact the core practice of eliciting and working with student thinking in the three key stages of collaborative group work in rehearsals: whole‐class warm‐up, small group work, and whole‐class share‐out. Based on existing teaching practices synthesized from prior studies, as well as empirical data from the study, we identify the intermediate‐level practices (teaching moves) and technique‐level practices (talk moves) enacted by PSTs when orchestrating group work as well as the PSTs' strengths and missed opportunities in enacting these different grain‐sized practices. Findings reveal that, although the PSTs were able to enact a variety of talk moves when orchestrating group work, they missed opportunities to engage in intermediate‐level practices. For example, there were only a few instances in which the PSTs could explicitly work with the student thinking they noticed while circulating among the groups during whole‐class share‐out. We also identify three ways in which the PSTs used this intermediate‐level practice, reflective of their differing orientations toward using student thinking. We propose an integrative framework that decomposes the focal core practice into a nested set of practices of varying grain sizes, including medium grain‐sized teaching moves and small grain‐sized talk moves, during and across the key stages of group work. We discuss the implications of our findings for science teacher preparation and methodological approaches for capturing PSTs' enactment of the focal core practice, as well as the possible contributions of the framework.
Interventionist Research
Authors: Bjørn Pernille , Menendez-Blanco Maria , Borsotti Valeria
Published: October 2022

FemTech.dk is fundamentally about combining research and interventions with a focus on making long-term change. Inspired by sociotechnical design (Mumford 2006) and action research (Bjørn and Boulus 2011; Bjørn and Boulus-Rødje 2015), FemTech.dk follows two main interlinked paths: (1) unpacking and understanding the challenges related to unbalanced gender representation in computer science, and (2) intervening and extending the field of computer science to allow for multiple, diverse agendas. In this way, the overall methodological approach is characterized as action research.
GRACE: Designing Sociomaterial Assemblages Unpacking Gender Equity in Computing
Authors: Bjørn Pernille , Menendez-Blanco Maria , Borsotti Valeria
Published: October 2022

This chapter introduces GRACE, a FemTech sociomaterial assemblage that performs concerns related to equity in computing. GRACE is an interactive installation combining IoT, origami paper, and the history of computing performed at three events in Denmark, the USA, and France. Each event was designed to unpack equity in computing through different types of sociomaterial performances, while allowing us to collect data about the lived experiences of equity in computing. GRACE is both reconfigurable and relational. It is reconfigurable because GRACE is malleable and can take different forms (reaching out to people who are committed to the agenda as well as to people who are within the domain but not necessarily committed to the agenda) – even though its core remains the same. GRACE is relational because the nature of the installation emerges in use and thus is shaped by the relational connections created through specific use and people enacting the artefact. Through sociomaterial manifestations, GRACE seamlessly integrates the performance of equity in computing with data collection on equity in computing. We argue that designing GRACE as a sociomaterial assemblage allowed for long-term engagement with a gender-equity agenda across multiple diverse encounters and over several years.