bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Level of Cybersecurity of the BRICS Member Countries in International Ratings: Prospects for Cooperation
Authors: Ovchinnikova O. , Upadhyay N. K.
Published: April 2023

Creating a legal framework for cybersecurity is a key factor in the digitalization of an economy. The interaction between the BRICS member countries has undergone a digital transformation, which has improved their ability to work together economically and strengthened the growing influence of these countries in the international arena. The purpose of the present study is to determine the potential of the BRICS member nations to form a joint cybersecurity strategy. The authors put forward a hypothesis that the formation of an effective cybersecurity system is possible only with a sufficient level of development of information and communication technologies and a high degree of digitalization of interstate governance. The scientific novelty of this research lies in its complex approach to the scientific and theoretical analysis of the problems of ensuring cybersecurity in the BRICS member countries, on the basis of which it identifies the common areas for cooperation. The research methodology is based on establishing a correlation between the indicators of e-government development and the criteria for state cybersecurity, followed by a comparative analysis. As a quantitative indicator, the authors use the data of the E-Government Development Index for the BRICS member countries from 2010 to 2018. Additionally, the level of maturity of each country’s national cybersecurity system is reflected in the rating of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Based on the ITU rating, we assess the cybersecurity efficiency of the BRICS member countries versus other countries. The findings of the research lead the authors to the conclusion that state control over cyberspace and the availability of a national strategy are prerequisites for achieving a high level of cybersecurity.
Review of the Application of PAT in the Pharmaceutical Continuous Crystallization
Process
Authors: Zhao Bing , Zang Hengchang , Zhong Liang , Ma Xiaobo , Wang Haowei , Zhang Hui , Li Lian
Published: April 2023

As an important pharmaceutical process, crystallization greatly impacts the final product.
In recent years, the continuous crystallization process has attracted more attention from researchers,
with the promotion of continuous manufacturing (CM) by the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA). The continuous crystallization process has the advantages of high economic benefit, stable
and uniform quality, a short production cycle, and personalization. To carry out continuous crystallization,
some related process analytical technology (PAT) tools have become the focus of breakthroughs.
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and focused beam reflection measurement
(FBRM) tools have gradually become research hotspots due to their fast, non-destructive, and
real-time monitoring characteristics. This review compared the advantages and disadvantages of the
three technologies. Their applications in the upstream mixed continuous crystallization process, the
middle reaches of crystal nucleation and growth, and the process of the downstream refining were
discussed to provide corresponding guidance for the practice and further development of these three
technologies in the continuous crystallization process and promote the development of CM in the
pharmaceutical industry.
The Open, Randomized, Positive Control Clinical Trial of Guluronic Acid
(G2013) on SARS-CoV-2 Patients
Authors: Aghazadeh Zahra , Sanaee Delir Davod , Gholamrezaie Hamid Reza , Sadoughi Arezoo , Nezami Asl Amir , Noori Sanami Mehran , Mahdavi Gorabi Armita , Panahi Younes , Taeb Mahsa , Razavi Alireza , Rafia Sara , Naderiyan Zahra , Robat-Jazi Behrouz , Mirshafiey Abbas
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, with a vast spectrum
of clinical and paraclinical symptoms has been a major health concern worldwide. Therapeutical
management of COVID-19 includes antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs. NSAIDs, as the second-line
therapy, are often prescribed to relieve the symptoms of COVID-19. The a-L-guluronic acid (G2013) is a
non-steroidal patented (PCT/EP2017/067920) agent with immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated
the effect of G2013 on the outcome of COVID-19 in moderate to severe patients.

Methods:

The disease’s symptoms were followed up during hospitalization and for 4 weeks postdischarge
in G2013 and control groups. Paraclinical indices were tested at the time of admission and
discharge. Statistical analysis was performed on clinical and paraclinical parameters and ICU admission
and death rate.

Results:

The primary and secondary outcomes indicated the efficiency of G2013 on COVID-19 patients’
management. There were significant differences in the duration of improvement of fever,
coughing, fatigue/malaise. Also, a comparison of paraclinical indices at the time of admission and discharge
showed significant change in prothrombin, D-dimer, and platelet. As the main findings of this
study, G2013 significantly decreased the percentage of ICU admission (control:17 patients, G2013:1
patient) and death (control: 7 cases, G2013:0).

Conclusion:

These results conclude that G2013 has sufficient potential to be considered for moderate
to severe COVID-19 patients, can significantly reduce the clinical and physical complications of this
disease, has a positive effect on modulating the coagulopathy process, and aids in saving lives.
Synthesis of Novel Fluoro Phenyl Triazoles Via Click Chemistry with or
without Microwave Irradiation and their Evaluation as Anti-proliferative
Agents in SiHa Cells
Authors: Aguilar Johana , Leyva Elisa , Loredo-Carrillo Silvia Elena , Cárdenas-Chaparro Agobardo , Martínez-Richa Antonio , Hernández-López Hiram , Araujo-Huitrado Jorge Gustavo , Granados-López Angélica Judith , López-Hernández Yamilé , Adrián López Jesús
Published: April 2023

Aims:

Perform the synthesis of novel fluoro phenyl triazoles via click chemistry with or without microwave irradiation and their evaluation as anti-proliferative agents in SiHa cells

Background:

Triazoles are heterocyclic compounds containing a five-member ring with two carbon and three nitrogen atoms. They are of great importance since many of them have shown to have biological activity as antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-tuberculosis, vas-odilator, and anticancer agents.

Objective:

Synthesize novel fluoro phenyl triazoles via click chemistry and evaluate their anti-proliferative activity

Methods:

First, several fluorophenyl azides were prepared. Reacting these aryl azides with phe-nylacetylene in the presence of Cu(I) catalyst, the corresponding fluoro phenyl triazoles were ob-tained by two methodologies, stirring at room temperature and under microwave irradiation at 40 ºC. In addition, their antiproliferative activity was evaluated in cervical cancer SiHa cells

Results:

Fluoro phenyl triazoles were obtained within minutes by means of microwave irradia-tion. The compound 3f, containing two fluorine atoms next to the carbon connected to the tria-zole ring, was the most potent among the fluoro phenyl triazoles tested in this study. Interesting-ly, the addition of a fluorine atom to the phenyl triazole structure in a specific site increases its antiproliferative effect as compared to parent phenyl triazole 3a without a fluorine atom.

Conclusion:

Several fluoro phenyl triazoles were obtained by reacting fluoro phenyl azides with phenylacetylene in the presence of copper sulphate, sodium ascorbate and phenanthroline. Prepa-ration of these triazoles with MW irradiation represents a better methodology since they are ob-tained within minutes and higher yields of cleaner compounds are obtained. In terms of biological studies, the proximity between fluorine atom and triazole ring increases its biological activity.
Is a Genetic Variant associated with Bipolar Disorder Frequent in People without Bipolar Disorder but with Characteristics of Hyperactivity and Novelty Seeking?
Authors: Kalcev Goce , Scano Alessandra , Orrù Germano , Primavera Diego , Cossu Giulia , Nardi Antonio Egidio , Carta Mauro Giovanni
Published: April 2023

Objective:

The objective is to verify whether a genetic condition associated with bipolar disorder (BD) is frequent in old adults adapted to their environment, without BD, but with aptitudes for hyperactivity and novelty seeking (H/NS).

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, the study sample included healthy elderly people (40 participants, aged 60 or older) living in an urban area and recruited from a previous study on physical exercise and active aging, who were compared with 21 old adults with BD from the same area. The genetic methodology consisted of blood sampling, DNA extraction, real-time PCR jointly with FRET probes, and the SANGER sequencing method. The genetic variant RS1006737 of CACNA1C, found to be associated with bipolar disorder diagnosis, was investigated.

Results:

The frequency of the RS1006737 genetic variant in the study group (H/NS) is not higher than in the BD group and is statistically significantly higher than in all the control groups found in the literature. However, the familiarity for BD is higher in old adults with BD than in the H/NS sample without BD. The risk of BD in the family (also considering those without BD but with family members with BD) is not associated with the presence of the genetic variant examined.

Conclusion:

The study suggests that the gene examined is associated with characteristics of hyperactivity rather than just BD. Nevertheless, choosing to participate in an exercise program is an excessively general way to identify H/NS. The next step would be to identify the old adults with well-defined H/NS features with an adequate tool.
Differential Diagnosis Models for Multiple Myeloma Combined with Renal Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease or Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Wu Mei-Na , Yang Yong-Li , Tan Jie-Bing , Jia Xiao-Can , Bao Jun-Zhe , Wang Yu-Ping , Yang Chao-Jun , Shi Xue-Zhong
Published: April 2023

Background:

When multiple myeloma(MM) is combined with renal injury, most patients are easily misdiagnosed as kidney diseases. This study aimed to establish a differential diagnosis model for MM combined with renal injury based on clinical information.

Methods:

A total of 77 patients with MM combined with renal injury were recruited as the case group, and 112 patients with kidney diseases were recruited as a control group. Support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), and artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed based on significant clinical variables. Accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to evaluate each model.

Results:

Accuracies of SVM, DT, and ANN were 0.843,0.902, and 0.941. The AUCs of SVM, DT, and ANN were 0.822,0.879, and 0.932. Lower extremity edema, bone pain, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were common important indicators identified by SVM, DT and ANN models. When these three indicators were excluded, the ANN model prediction effect decreased significantly (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

The results suggest that the ANN model best predicts the differential diagnosis between MM combined with renal injury and chronic kidney disease/nephrotic syndrome. Important features contributing to identifying the diseases, including lower extremity edema, bone pain, and LDH, may assist in diagnosing such diseases in the future.
Experimental Investigation of Ultimate Shear Force Capacity of Glulam Reinforced with Glued-in Threaded Rods
Authors: Bahrami Alireza , Blomberg Emil , Boqvist Simon , Lauridsen Markus , Eriksson Bengt
Published: April 2023

Background:

Glued-in threaded (GIT) rods have been considered an effective timber connection method having several advantages, such as high load-carrying capacity, great stiffness, and good fire resistance. This type of connection has widely been utilized in newly built modern timber structures and for reinforcing the existing ones.

Objective:

The purpose of this experimental research is to investigate how the ultimate shear force capacity (USFC) of glulam is affected if it is reinforced with GIT rods and to study the interaction between the glulam and GIT rods. The results of this research can help researchers and engineers to select a suitable method of reinforcing the glulam with GIT rods at a superior inclination angle (IA) to the fiber direction in order to achieve higher USFCs.

Methods and Experimental Tests:

A total of forty glulam samples were tested for failure. The experimental tests consisted of five different series of samples with eight samples in each series. Sample series 1 were unreinforced glulam. Sample series 2 and 4 were glulam reinforced with the GIT rods at two different IAs of 45° and 90° to the fiber direction, respectively. Sample series 3 and 5 were glulam reinforced in the same way as sample series 2 and 4, but they were split in the middle. The samples were tested for failure using a standard testing machine. The machine was connected to a computer that recorded all the values obtained from the tests.

Results:

The results of the study were obtained as force-displacement graphs. The stiffness of the samples and interaction between the glulam and GIT rods were also calculated. The results achieved from the experimental tests of different series were compared and discussed.

Conclusion:

The experimental tests resulted in a 12.5% increase in the average USFC of sample series 2. However, the average USFC of sample series 4 was not enhanced significantly. The interaction between the glulam and GIT rods was obtained as 31.8% for the samples with reinforcing at the IA of 45° to the fiber direction and 3.8% for the samples with reinforcing at the IA of 90° to the fiber direction. Reinforcing the glulam with the GIT rods demonstrated the potential of enhancing its USFC. However, reinforcing the glulam with the GIT rods at the IA of 45° to the fiber direction was found to be superior to reinforcing the glulam with the GIT rods at the IA of 90° to the fiber direction.
Growth Factors and Cancer
Authors: Anaz Aisha Al , Chitturi Suryaprakash Ravi Teja , Shearston Kate , Kujan Omar
Published: April 2023

Cancer causes major patient morbidity and mortality and is a critical health
concern worldwide. The recent GLOBOCAN 2019 factsheet recorded nearly 19.2
million new cancer cases, 9.9 million cancer deaths and 50.55 million people suffering
from different kinds of cancer globally within 5 years after diagnosis. Growth factors
(GF) are a group of proteins that can affect cellular processes, including differentiation,
division, intravasation, extravasation and dissemination. The circulating tumor cells in
the bloodstream can populate distant tissues and organs and believe to be the primary
cause of metastasis. Extravasation is a crucial phase in the metastasis process, in which
tumor cells leave the bloodstream and enter the host tissue. The progress of metastasis
is triggered by the tendency of cancer cells to disseminate to target organs from the site
of the primary tumor. Despite extensive basic scientific and clinical investigations,
cancer is still a major clinical and public health problem. The development of cancer
can be influenced by genetics, environmental factors, gene-environment interaction,
lifestyle, age and a number of other factors. The harnessing and enhancement of the
body’s own cytotoxic cells to prevent basement membrane rupture and the intervening
dissemination processes can provide useful insight into the development of cancer. The
mutation in oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, and chromosomal aberration is a
cornerstones of the molecular basis of cancer. The basement Membrane (BM) acts as a
cell invasion shield, thus identification of processes that underlie in breaching of BM
can contribute to understanding the disease pathogenesis. TGF-β is known for its dual
function; it requires inhibition in the advanced stage however, the growth inhibitory
properties are displayed in the early stages of tumorigenesis. Therefore, inhibition of
TGF-β signalling in the CD8+ T cell compartment may be necessary for tumor
immunity to be restored. Quantitation of tumour cell dissemination is important and
plays significant role in elucidating mechanisms of cancer and strategies for therapeutic
intervention. 
Introduction to Statistics
Authors: Kahl Alandra
Published: April 2023

The field of statistics is vast and utilized by professionals in many
disciplines. Statistics has a place in science, technology, engineering, medicine,
psychology and many other fields. Results from statistical analysis underlying both
scientific and heuristic reasoning, and therefore, it is important for everyone to grasp
basic statistical methods and operations. A brief overview of common statistical
methods and analytical techniques is provided herein to be used as a reference and
reminder material for professionals in a broad array of disciplines.
Discrete Random Variables
Authors: Kahl Alandra
Published: April 2023

Discrete random variables are variables that can only take on a countable
number of discrete or distinct variables. Only a finite number of values can be obtained
for the result to be a discrete random variable. Discrete variables can be visualized or
understood as a binomial distribution. The outcome of a binomial distribution is how
often a particular event occurs in a fixed number of times or trials.
Correlation and Regression
Authors: Kahl Alandra
Published: April 2023

Researchers use correlation and regressions to show the relationships
between factors or scenarios in a dataset. These types of analyses are important to all
aspects of statistical analysis and are a common way to report connections between
factors in a data set. This section will address basic linear correlation and regression
techniques.
Targeting the Viral Entry Pathways through Repurposed Drugs in Sars-Cov-2 Infection
Authors: Mulchandani Manisha , Kumar Palai Amit , Bhosale Anjali , Mazahir Farhan , Yadav Awesh K.
Published: April 2023

SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the family coronviradae and the disease caused by
this virus is known as COVID-19. Viral entry into the cell is favored by spike
glycoprotein, which interacts with Angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2 (ACE-2).
Moreover, proteins such as Transmembrane Protease Serine-2 (TMPRSS-2), are
responsible for viral fusion with cellular epithelium. Traditional drug discovery
methods and their development process are time-consuming as well as expensive.
Thus, there is a need for a method that can overcome such drawbacks. Drug
repurposing is an approach in which we can use an existing drug that is already being
used for another disease. The repurposing of drugs is also known as repositioning. It is
the process that identifies new therapeutic use for existing or available drugs.
Hydroxychloroquine inhibits ACE-2 glycosylation virus entry to the host body; arbidol
prevents fusion of viral lipid shell with cell membrane hence restricting contact and
penetration of virus. Drug repurposing could be a successful strategy for the treatment
of sporadic, neglected diseases, difficult-to-treat diseases, and the current pandemic
situation, i.e., COVID-19. However, there is no denying the fact that there are several
limitations to this approach. 
Compressed Video-Based Classification for Efficient Video Analytics
Authors: Sangeeta Bentham Science Publisher , Gulia Preeti , Singh Gill Nasib
Published: April 2023

Videos have become a crucial part of human life nowadays and share a large
proportion of internet traffic. Various video-based platforms govern the mass
consumption of videos through analytics-based filtering and recommendations. Various
video-based platforms govern their mass consumption by analytics-based filtering and
recommendations. Video analytics is used to provide the most relevant responses to our
searches, block inappropriate content, and disseminate videos to the relevant
community. Traditionally, for video content-based analytics, a video is first decoded to
a large raw format on the server and then fed to an analytics engine for metadata
generation. These metadata are then stored and used for analytic purposes. This
requires the analytics server to perform both decoding and analytics computation.
Hence, analytics will be fast and efficient, if performed over the compressed format of
the videos as it reduces the decoding stress over the analytics server. This field of
object and action detection from compressed formats is still emerging and needs further
exploration for its applications in various practical domains. Deep learning has already
emerged as a de facto for compression, classification, detection, and analytics. The
proposed model comprises a lightweight deep learning-based video compression-cum classification architecture, which classifies the objects from the compressed videos into
39 classes with an average accuracy of 0.67. The compression architecture comprises
three sub-networks i.e. frame and flows autoencoders with motion extension network to
reproduce the compressed frames. These compressed frames are then fed to the
classification network. As the whole network is designed incrementally, the separate
results of the compression network are also presented to illustrate the visual
performance of the network as the classification results are directly dependent on the
quality of frames reconstructed by the compression network. This model presents a
potential network and results can be improved by the addition of various optimization
networks.
Intelligent Processing: Scope and Application of Smart Agriculture in Smart City
Authors: Khambra Geetanjli , Shibu Sini , Naik Archana , Singh Dileep
Published: April 2023

By far, the Internet has been a major revolution in the field of
communication technology as it allowed more and more devices and objects to get
connected. The Internet of Things (IoT) has evolved rapidly as it can support intelligent
data processing and can help in automation. IoT is gradually being used in various
automation processes and also to make intelligent decisions. This paper analyses the
various ways in which IoT can be used in agriculture. Intelligent system
implementation in the field of agriculture can lead to a lot of advantages such as
minimization of human intervention and resource wastage, maximization of profits,
and efficient utilization of resources. This paper focuses on the model implementation
and analysis of the implementation of intelligent systems in agriculture.
A Review of Progress Status in Achieving the Jal Jeevan Mission Goals in the State of Chhattisgarh
Authors: Rahamatkar Surendra , Patnaik Sweta , Patnaik Satyendra
Published: April 2023

The water governance process is seen as a mechanism to solve both the deficiencies of the broader governance process and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Millions of people in India rely on unstable, low-quality water supplies that are expensive and far from their homes. Water scarcity has a wide range of socioeconomic consequences. Women and girls are typically entrusted with the responsibility of collecting water for domestic purposes. Providing rural communities with piped water for drinking and domestic needs is an important and difficult endeavor. In light of the above Amity University Chhattisgarh partnering with UNICEF Chhattisgarh is entrusted with the responsibility of providing technical & monitoring support to the Mission Directorate, Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), and Public Health & Engineering Department (PHED), Government of Chhattisgarh along with Institutional Capacity Building, planning, monitoring and reporting for effective implementation of safe rural drinking water facilities across the Chhattisgarh State.

Materials and Methods: In this perspective, the prime objective of the project was to strengthen the institutional capacity building, and program monitoring in 28 districts of Chhattisgarh through the establishment of the State Program Management Unit (SPMU) at the Directorate of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) and Project Management Unit (DPMU) at 14 district levels with light support to 14 additional districts. The method used for data collection was primary and secondary. The findings of the study are presented in suitable tables and graphs.

Results: Results of the study show the progress in solving drinking water problems in rural areas of Chhattisgarh since the inception of the monitoring project i.e. 1st June 2021.

Conclusion: In this paper, an attempt has been made to report the progress of the implementation of the JJM scheme in partnership with UNICEF Chhattisgarh.
AI, Corporate Governance And Sustainability
Authors: Marchegiani Laura
Published: April 2023

Since the beginning of this century, information technologies have been
characterized by impressive advancements that have offered us powerful tools such as
distributed ledger technologies, blockchain, machine learning algorithms and smart
contracts. Corporate law has not been immune from this rapid evolution; in 2014, the
news that an algorithm named “Vital” had been appointed to a board of directors of a
Hong Kong-based venture capital firm caused a sensation in the business environment
and among corporate law scholars. In fact, this algorithm did not assume the legal role
of a board member; rather it operated as an advisor of the board of directors aimed at
protecting the firm from risky (as well as overpriced) investments.
A similar use of technology at the board level has been noticed as a starting point from
which it is conceivable (and desirable) to develop unique tools to overcome humans’
cognitive biases and improve board monitoring function as well as boost businesses’
productivity.
The crucial role of Corporation Technologies in reducing agency costs and promoting
the disintermediation of organizational structures has been further emphasised in
connection with the corporate social responsibility discourse. In fact, the economist
Milton Friedman’s traditional assumption that ‘the only social responsibility’ of the
corporation is ‘to increase its profit so long as it stays within the rules of the game’ has
been vigorously re-discussed. In the Anglo-American corporate debate, as well as in
the European debate, the sustainability of businesses is among the top item in the
agendas of leading corporations and policy makers, increasingly so after the pandemic
has exposed the vulnerability of economic structures to systemic risks.
In view of the intersection between corporate governance and sustainability, the
international debate has identified shareholders’ long-term interests as a point of
convergence of private business models and social and environmental values. In other
words, private companies are invited to assume a societal role and to design
appropriate strategies for managing their impact on the environment and the society as
a whole.
The colours of 21st -century corporate law are blue for corporate technologies and
green for environmental policies. The prospect of algorithmic governance in
contemporary corporate law systems could be a desirable tool as long as it serves to promote the sustainable development of firms integrating management models inspired
by IEL general principles but not compromising their competitiveness. 
Mycosporine-like Amino Acids and their Biomolecular Properties
Authors: Kageyama Hakuto
Published: April 2023

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are natural ultraviolet (UV)-
absorbing compounds that are attracting attention in the industrial field including
cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. This book provides a wide range of descriptions of
MAAs, from fundamentals to applications. In order to discuss the properties of MAAs,
an understanding of their chemical structures would be required. The purpose of this
chapter is to understand the basic molecular structure of MAAs. In general, MAAs
have structures in which amino acids are bound to the core structures of cyclohexenone
or cyclohexenimine. In addition to the basic structure, the resonance hybrid structures
of MAAs are also described here. Delocalization of electrons is considered to affect the
stability and the absorption maximum wavelength of MAA molecules. We will also
discuss the environmental factors that can affect the structure of MAAs. Finally,
databases of molecular structure information of MAAs will be described. 
Embarquer pour l’Inde, un motif narratif chez Xénophon d’Éphèse, Lucien et Philostrate
Authors: Robiano Patrick
Published: April 2023

Paradoxically, at a time when trade between the Mediterranean and India was developing across the Indian Ocean, Greek fiction literature did not mirror it, with the exception of Xenophon of Ephesus, Lucian, and Philostratus, in the form, nevertheless, of very rare micro-narratives. It is therefore a question, in this article, of analyzing the reasons for the crossing to India and of hightlighting its stakes, in particular the representation that Greek-speaking writers give of the actors of these exchanges : Greeks, the so-called Egyptians, and Indians. It is also a question of understanding why these new routes to India did not create an imaginary that fiction could have exploited. Paradoxalement, à une époque où le commerce entre la Méditerranée et l’Inde se développait à travers l’océan Indien, la littérature grecque de fiction n’en rendait pas compte, à l’exception de Xénophon d’Éphèse, de Lucien et de Philostrate, sous la forme, néanmoins, de très rares micro-récits. Il s’agit donc, dans cet article, d’analyser les raisons de la traversée vers l’Inde et de mettre en valeur ses enjeux, en particulier la représentation que des écrivains de langue grecque donnent des acteurs de ces échanges : les Grecs, les prétendus Égyptiens et les Indiens. Il s’agit aussi de comprendre pourquoi ces nouvelles routes vers l’Inde n’ont pas créé un imaginaire que la fiction aurait pu exploiter.
Black Health in Canada: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Olanlesi-Aliu Adedoyin , Alaazi Dominic , Salami Bukola
Published: April 2023

Background

Black Canadians experience poor health care, poor health outcomes, and a greater burden of health inequalities, much of which is rooted in the unequal distribution of social determinants of health. Despite Canada’s emphasis on social inclusion, Canada’s Black population faces substantial social inequities that affect their health and well-being. These disparities may specifically be attributed to racial discrimination, immigration status, precarious housing, underemployment, and increased poverty among Black Canadians.

Objective

This paper describes a protocol for a scoping review that aims to understand the range and nature of research conducted on the health of Black Canadians as well as the gaps in this literature.

Methods

Arksey and O'Malley’s methodological framework guided the conduct of the scoping review. We searched electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, Global Health, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, and Web of Science) and grey literature sources for peer-reviewed articles and grey reports on the health of Black Canadians. Six reviewers independently screened the abstracts and full text of studies to determine eligibility for inclusion. According to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematics Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, the findings will be synthesized quantitatively and qualitatively through thematic analysis.

Results

Title, abstract, and full-text screening concluded in October 2022. Data collection is in progress and is expected to be completed by April 2023. Data analysis and drafting of the manuscript will be done thereafter. Findings from the scoping review are expected to be provided for peer review in 2023.

Conclusions

This review will collect important data and evidence related to the health (mental, reproductive, and sexual; social determinants of health) of the Black population in Canada. The findings could help identify existing gaps in the health of Black individuals in Canada and inform future research paradigms. The findings will further inform the development of a knowledge hub on Black Canadians’ health.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/42212
Multilevel Classification of Users’ Needs in Chinese Online Medical and Health Communities: Model Development and Evaluation Based on Graph Convolutional Network (Preprint)
Authors: Cheng Quan , Lin Yingru
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Online medical and health communities provide a platform for internet users to share experiences and ask questions about medical and health issues. However, there are problems in these communities, such as the low accuracy of the classification of users’ questions and the uneven health literacy of users, which affect the accuracy of user retrieval and the professionalism of the medical personnel answering the question. In this context, it is essential to study more effective classification methods of users’ information needs.

OBJECTIVE

Most online medical and health communities tend to provide only disease-type labels, which do not give a comprehensive summary of users’ needs. The study aims to construct a multilevel classification framework based on the graph convolutional network (GCN) model for users’ needs in online medical and health communities so that users can perform more targeted information retrieval.

METHODS

Using the Chinese online medical and health community “Qiuyi” as an example, we crawled questions posted by users in the “Cardiovascular Disease” section as the data source. First, the disease types involved in the problem data were segmented by manual coding to generate the first-level label. Second, the needs were identified by K-means clustering to generate the users’ information needs label as the second-level label. Finally, by constructing a GCN model, users’ questions were automatically classified, thus realizing the multilevel classification of users’ needs.

RESULTS

Based on the empirical research of questions posted by users in the “Cardiovascular Disease” section of Qiuyi, the hierarchical classification of users’ questions (data) was realized. The classification models designed in the study achieved accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of 0.6265, 0.6328, 0.5788, and 0.5912, respectively. Compared with the traditional machine learning method naïve Bayes and the deep learning method hierarchical text classification convolutional neural network, our classification model showed better performance. At the same time, we also performed a single-level classification experiment on users’ needs, which in comparison with the multilevel classification model exhibited a great improvement.

CONCLUSIONS

A multilevel classification framework has been designed based on the GCN model. The results demonstrated that the method is effective in classifying users’ information needs in online medical and health communities. At the same time, users with different diseases have different directions for information needs, which plays an important role in providing diversified and targeted services to the online medical and health community. Our method is also applicable to other similar disease classifications.
Effectivity of Entomopathogen Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin to Mortality of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 Larvae
Authors: Novitasari Amanda
Published: April 2023

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the vector that causes the spread of the Dengue virus that causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Breaking the chain of spread of Dengue fever has been done a lot, but it can cause negative impacts to environment. It is necessary to use other alternative solutions. One of them uses natural bioinsecticides from entomopathogenic fungi. The entomopathogenic fungus that has been widely developed as a bioinsecticide is Metarhizium anisopliae. Metarhizium anisopliae is a fungus which has larvicidal activity. Isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae were obtained from the Center for Forecasting Plant Pest Organisms, Karawang, West Java and Aedes aegypti larvae were obtained from Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, UGM. The research was conducted from November 2021-April 2022 at the Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Biology and the Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, UGM, Yogyakarta. The method in this research is the culture and manufacture of a suspension of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae with an average conidia density 0,9 x 107, 0,57 x 106, 1,175 x 105, 5,25 x 104, 3 x 104, 12,5 x 103 of conidia/mL, rearing of Aedes aegypti, bioassay, and data analysis using Probit Test with SPSS software version 23 to determine LC50. The effective concentration to kill 50% of larvae was 0.9 x 107 conidia/ml. There was no significant effect between each different concentration in killing Aedes aegypti larvae. The LC50 value obtained was 1.4 x 107. Metarhizium anisopliae was effectively to control Aedes aegypti larvae.
Constraint programming have been identifying as promising technique for efficiently solving discrete optimization problem
Authors:   Assistant professor, PANDEY AKASH ,   M.G.P.G. College Gorakhpur, U.P. (India), GUPTA UMESH KUMAR ,   Professor; M.G.P.G. College Gorakhpur, U.P. (India)
Published: April 2023

Constraint programming has roots in logic programming, where a model has both a declarative and a procedural interpretation. A model is declarative because its statements can be read as logical propositions that describe the problem, and it is procedural because the statements can be processed as instructions for how to find a solution. To make constraint programming material to practical problems one needs propagation algorithms that are both viable and proficient. The most incredible propagation algorithm for the alldifferent constraint, i.e. the one getting hyper-circular segment consistency, is to be sure extremely productive. The reason is that we can apply matching hypothesis from operations research. Likewise for the symmetric alldifferent constraint and the weighted alldifferent constraint powerful and effective propagation algorithms exist, again dependent on techniques from operations research. From this paper we show that some time alldifferent constraint is more easy way to solve the MIP. For this we will choose an auction strategy by which a company get more revenue.Despite this considerable progress, there remains great potential for further integration, with the concomitantimprovement in both modeling and solution method.
Student Reactions to Announcements-Auditory and Visual (Email)
Authors: F Shaughnessy Michael
Published: April 2023

For some instructors in some classes, it is difficult to engage students, prompt students to participate in Discussion Board and submit work on time. The present study utilized a counterbalanced study to explore the issue of announcements, prompts and supportive reminders with undergraduates and graduate students. Results of this preliminary study are provided and discussed.
Стоянка-мастерская Кряж II — новый памятник эпохи камня в лесостепном Поволжье
Authors:   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education (65/67, Gorky St., 443099 Samara, Russian Federation), Andreev Konstantin M. , Andreeva Olga V. , Aleshinskaya Anna S. , Kulkova Marianna A. , Vasiljeva Irina N. ,   Institute of Archaeology of the RAS (19, Dm. Ulyanov St., 117292 Moscow, Russian Federation),   Herzen University (48/12, Moyka Emb., 191186 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation),   Samara Archaeological Society (127, Leninskaya St., 443099 Samara, Russian Federation)
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The article outlines the results of excavations at Kryazh II workshop site located in the forest-steppe Volga region. The site is unique and contains an impressive collection of flint products and manufacturing wastes. Goals. The work aims to introduce materials from the excavations of 2017–2019 into scientific circulation. To facilitate this, the study shall describe and characterize the archaeological complexes, determine their cultural and chronological affiliations, and clarify the natural and climatic contexts to have witnessed the formation of the occupation layer. Materials. During three field seasons (2017–2019), an area of 192 m2 was studied. The total collection of artifacts numbers 5,989, of which ca. 250 items are ceramics and over 5,700 items are flint products — flakes and tools estimated at 6 % and less than 1.5 %, respectively. The majority of the finds over the entire area of the excavation lay in a thin layer (15–20 cm) of dark brown loam and in the upper part of brown loam. The performed palynological analysis makes it possible to identify three spore-pollen spectra in the section of the occupation layer. The paper also reveals six radiocarbon dates marking the time when the site was active. Results. The uniqueness of the flint complex at Kryazh II is determined by an increased concentration of flint artifacts per square meter of the studied area, an absolute predominance of manufacturing wastes, and a high percentage of products with indurated nodules, which makes it possible to interpret the site as a workshop. From a typological point of view, most of the ceramic items and flint inventory reveal similarities with materials of the Middle Volga culture from the Late Neolithic. At the same time, individual flint items and several fragments of ceramics are close enough to Eneolithic antiquities of the region in a number of aspects. The formation period of the site’s occupation layer dates to the mid-6th – mid-5th millennia BC characterized by the existence of forest-steppe landscapes close to modern ones. Conclusions. The study of Kryazh II workshop site has provided a collection of stone products — unique for the forest-steppe Volga region and dating mainly to the Late Neolithic era.
«Средневековый BLM»: образ чернолицего в персидской суфийской поэзии
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy of the RAS (12/1, Goncharnaya St., 109240 Moscow, Russian Federation), Lukashev Andrey A.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The black-faced are mentioned in different Muslim texts — from the Quran to Sufi poems. One can trace not just diverse but rather opposite interpretations, and researchers have to face certain problems when it comes to analyze some related images. Goals. The study attempts an insight into functioning and semantic features inherent to images of the black-faced in Sufi poetry. Materials and methods. The work analyzes a number of classical Persian and Arabic writings, such as The Walled Garden of Truth by Sanai, and others. The employed research methods include those of textual reconstruction, contextual analysis, and descriptive poetics. Results. The paper shows in medieval Islamic culture the black-skinned were often treated not just as second-class individuals, they were sometimes not even viewed as humans. In the Quran, a black face symbolizes disgrace and infidelity. The blacks in Islamic culture were discriminated twice: by skin color and on religious grounds, since most of them were pagans that actively resisted Islamization. This circumstance served a legal rationale for their enslavement. Thus, for many Arab writers a black was a slave, an uncivilized ungodly pagan. These characteristics one can find both in Arabic and Persian literatures. But in Persian Sufism the image of the black-skinned gets revisited. Their outward blackness is the trace of the black light of the divine selfness rather than just an ugly imperfection. The Divine selfness is dark for it cannot be conceived, and is above all human ideas about it. However, the Divine selfness is the being itself, so every existent thing had received being from this Divine source. In this context, Sanai writes that a black-faced is singed by the black light (or fire) of the Divine selfness, and is thus involved with this being. Besides, Sufis tended to view the low social status of the black as a means of liberation from worldly attachments and social connections, each black-skinned individual be thus believed to have united with the One Divine selfness to annihilate his own self (fana). Conclusions. So, the image of the black-faced performs functions similar to those characteristic of a wide layer of characters from other religions in Sufi literature: just like images of infidels, pagans, Zoroastrians, and Christians — this was reinterpreted by Sufi authors in a positive manner.
Phenomenon of Movement in the Life and Culture of Nomadic Kazakhs across the Frontier Zone, Late 19th to Early 20th Century
Authors:   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (2, Satpayev St., 010008 Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan), Kovalskaya Svetlana I. , Lyubichankovskiy Sergey V. ,   Orenburg State Pedagogical University (19, Sovetskaya St., 460014 Orenburg, Russian Federation)
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Nomads once maximally incorporated into nature and surrounding landscapes had tended to retain their identity through the pastoral way of life, way of thinking, and mentality. The gradual — though further accelerated — emergence of the new development logic set forth by the Russian Empire made the Kazakhs develop new adaptation mechanisms for survival and self-realization in the suggested circumstances. Goals. The article analyzes a variety of sources, works and studies characterizing existential specifics of nomadic economic patterns — to examine the shaping of new life strategies adopted by Kazakh nomads across the frontier zone in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Materials and methods. The analyzed materials include those contained in Collection 175 of the State Archive of Orenburg Oblast, Interim Provisions on Governance in Steppe Areas of Orenburg and West Siberian Governorates-General, and Materials on Kirghiz Land Use published between 1896 and 1915. Besides, a number of Kazakh literary works that serve as unique historical sources have been considered. Results. The critical approach to different historical sources makes it possible to compare factual materials and reconstruct the transformation and changes in self-identity and outlooks of ex-nomads. At the turn of the 20th century, Kazakh elites were trying to answer the traditional questions of the intelligentsia: Who is to blame and what is to be done? Then and there it was urgent to decide on further prospects of life — whether to preserve nomadism or to seek for other forms of semi-nomadic life, or gradually get sedentarized at all. Conclusions. The Russian Government did not interfere with the nomads’ land use practices, and tended to solve land matters of exclusively plowmen’s communities. In these conditions, the nomadic Kazakhs were left to themselves. As a result, they had to develop new daily practices. Having lost their traditional lifestyle, the Kazakhs still succeeded in preserving their national distinctness in terms of language, oral folklore, genealogies, rituals, etc. The specificity of the frontier zone manifested itself in that Kazakh nomads were actively involved in daily life transformations and developed a habit of turning to local authorities for support (rather than relying on their own resources only) to defend lands from competing peasant immigrants.