bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strong Coupling in Diurnal Variations of Clouds, Radiation, Winds, and Precipitation during the East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Wu Ruoting , Chen Guixing , Luo Zhengzhao Johnny
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the diurnal cycles of convective activities and low-level winds with emphasis on their interactions during the East Asian summer monsoon. We categorize atmospheric convection states using satellite-derived cloud regimes and group southerly monsoon flows with different characteristics of diurnal cycles, and found that they are closely related to each other. Over South China, deep convection and associated cirrus anvils produce a strongly negative shortwave cloud radiative effect and induce anomalous cooling in the ABL in the daytime, which reduces the diurnal amplitude of monsoon flows during the night that follows. Conversely, a fair-weather state in the daytime leads to an anomalously warm ABL that enhances the subsequent nighttime acceleration of the monsoon southerlies. The dominant cloud regimes in the daytime over South China are closely related to whether the organized deep convection over the Yun-Gui Plateau (southeast of the Tibetan Plateau) propagates eastward during the preceding night. Such a precursor of clouds/convection governing wind diurnal amplitude indicates a possible predictability of monsoon diurnal cycles over South China. Further analyses show that the cloud regimes and induced monsoon diurnal cycles over South China can regulate the moist convection over the downstream region (central China) through modulating moisture transport and convergence. Therefore, the observational statistics of this study reveal a strong coupling of clouds, radiation, winds, and precipitation at the diurnal time scale over the summer monsoon regions, in which the cloud radiative effects of atmospheric convection can strongly regulate the diurnal variations of low-level winds that further influence precipitation downstream.
Radiative Effects on Tropical Cyclone Development in Different Life Stages
Authors: Xu Menggeng , Takemi Tetsuya
Published: October 2022

A tropical cyclone (TC) is a powerful, rotating storm that typically originates over warm tropical oceans and creates strong winds and heavy rain; it is usually a natural disaster with respect to human life and property if it moves over land. This work examines effects of varying radiative forcing on the evolution of two typhoon cases—Typhoon Lionrock (2016) and Typhoon Hagibis (2019)—with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Hagibis was a rapidly intensifying and quickly moving TC, whereas Lionrock gradually developed and was slow moving. Numerous sensitivity experiments in which shortwave and longwave radiative heating rates were modified were conducted. This study examined latent heating and radiative heating for each experiment. Substantial differences between the sensitivity simulation members indicated that radiative effects can strongly influence TC development. The analysis of diabatic heating sources shows that, before eyewall formation, the differential cooling effect, which indicates that longwave cooling rates between cloud clusters and clear sky differ, can promote low-level inflow and increase relative humidity in the cloud clusters. If the initial relative humidity is low, this effect becomes important because, without differential cooling, the relative humidity remains low, which can promote the generation of cold pools that will prevent cyclone development. After eyewall formation, both the change in temperature lapse rate due to a vertical gradient of radiative heating/cooling and the change in the warm core due to radiative heating/cooling can affect the intensity of a TC; however, the net effect may depend on the magnitude of these influences.
The long reach of class origin on financial investments and net worth
Authors: Lersch Philipp M , Groh-Samberg Olaf
Published: October 2022

In this study, we argue that parents’ class position may influence the type and timing of their offspring's investments in financial assets. These investments may facilitate net worth accumulation beyond direct transfers, contributing to the intergenerational reproduction of social positions. We test these expectations using retrospective life history and prospective panel data for 14 countries from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. We apply discrete-time event history analyses to examine the first financial investments’ timing over the life course and conduct a mediation analysis of net worth. We find that individuals from advantaged parental classes are more likely to invest in stocks and mutual funds. When considering horizontal differentiation, managerial classes with relatively more economic capital than cultural capital are more likely to invest in financial assets. However, we do not find robust evidence for distinct timings of financial investments by parental class. Advantaged parental class is positively associated with net worth in later life. However, this association cannot be explained by the specific investments of individuals from advantaged parental classes.
Christianity, Colonialism, and Burmanization
Authors: Mang Pum Za
Published: October 2022

In contesting the popular, but misleading, discourse that American missionaries and British colonialists deliberately created the ethnic problem of Burma, this essay argues that colonialism and Christianity had not generated ethnic divide, but only intensified the long existing resentment between the Burman and minorities, and that consecutive governments of postcolonial Burma, monopolized by the Burman, escalate the troubled race relations as they refuse to accommodate minorities. It also adds that in the name of decolonization, they started and have perpetuated Burmanization.
Democratization in Russia: Expectations and Experiences
Authors: Chatterjee Anirban
Published: October 2022

Russia being the largest successor state among the post-Soviet countries, its distinct civilization, unique history, and contribution to various fields has earned interest among scholars. Moreover, it was also perceived that since Russia straddles two continents, Asia and Europe, any development in Russia will either have a direct or an indirect bearing on Europe and Asia. These factors have collectively generated a great amount of scholarly interest in studying post-Soviet Russian democratization. The article focuses on the aspects of the convergence and divergence of these entities in the case of the Russian Federation. In this endeavour, the article chalks out the key components of democratization and their interplay in Russia. An attempt is made to understand the perception of democracy among Russians and whether democratic reforms in post-Soviet Russia led to any change of perception among Russians about democracy. The article also unravels the institutional dynamics in order to ascertain the Russian experience of democratization. The article concludes with some recommendations for future course of actions with regard to democratization.
Reading Fluency in Chinese Children With Reading Disabilities and/or ADHD: A Key Role for Morphology
Authors: Li Miao , Georgiou George , Kirby John R. , Frijters Jan C. , Zhao Wei , Wang Tingzhao
Published: October 2022

The Triangle Model of Reading proposes that phonology, orthography, and semantics are crucial to understand word reading and reading disability (RD). Morphology has been added as a binding agent to this model. However, it is unclear how these variables relate to word reading in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or comorbid ADHD and RD (ADHD+RD). This study examined the performance of Chinese children with RD, ADHD, or ADHD+RD in phonology, orthography, semantics, and morphology, and investigated whether morphology made an additional contribution beyond the other skills in explaining word reading fluency. Participants were 151 Grade 1 to 3 Chinese students: RD ( n = 31), ADHD ( n = 43), ADHD+RD ( n = 27), and typically developing controls (TD, n = 50). Results indicated that children with ADHD+RD (a) showed similar performance to RD and ADHD in tone awareness, orthographic legality, and homophone morpheme awareness; (b) had similar performance to RD but worse than ADHD in phonology, semantics, and morpheme production; and (c) had more severe deficits than RD and ADHD in orthographic reversal, morpheme identification, and homograph awareness. Morphology significantly predicted word reading fluency beyond the other skills, and its predictive effect was more salient for ADHD+RD, ADHD, and TD. The findings provide evidence of both shared and additive effects of RD and ADHD. Morphology may be an important diagnostic factor in identifying Chinese reading and behavioral deficit groups and a worthwhile target for intervention.
Introduction to Special Series: Adults With Low Academic Skills
Authors: Greenberg Daphne , Perin Dolores
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this special series five articles is to highlight issues regarding decoding, comprehension, oral language fluency, and writing for adults with low literacy skills. Our authors’ samples include adults attending adult literacy programs, as well as those who are attending postsecondary programs who may or may not have official learning disability diagnoses. The authors address issues that are not often covered in adult literacy scholarship. Through this special series, we hope to highlight the importance of, and directions for, future research on adults with low literacy skills, including individuals with specific learning disabilities.
Connecting the Threads: Stratification Economics and the Political Economy of W.E.B. Du Bois
Authors: Stewart James B.
Published: October 2022

This analysis expands previous research examining the origins of concepts and theoretical frameworks developed by Stratification Economics (SE) practitioners. Linkages between formulations developed by W.E.B. Du Bois and similar SE constructs are analyzed extending the previous recognition of the relevance of his scholarship for SE. Four specific elements of Du Bois's SE-related scholarship are interrogated: (1) Origins and Parameters of Racial Group Identity; (2) Class Differentiation; (3) Capitalism and Racial Stratification; and (4) Democracy and Racial Stratification. Du Bois's predictions regarding future important economic trends are shown to be relevant for guiding SE analyses of contemporary patterns of racial economic stratification. Reasons why Du Bois's scholarship has received limited attention within the Economics profession are discussed in the context of explaining why formalizing Du Bois's role as a SE progenitor is important for the ongoing development of SE.
Presentation of Hansen's disease as Lucio phenomenon in an Indian male
Authors: Vyas Harshita Ravindra , Mistry Deval , Shah Shikha R , Shah Bela J
Published: October 2022

Lucio phenomenon is a reactional state described in patients with Lucio leprosy and in a few cases of lepromatous leprosy; it is rarely seen outside Mexico and Central America. We report a case of 35-year old labourer who presented with clinical features classical of Lucio phenomenon without any pre-existing cutaneous nodules or infiltrative lesions of either Lucio or lepromatous leprosy. This case report demonstrates the need to consider Lucio phenomenon in patients presenting with clinical features of medium vessel vasculitis even in areas not endemic for Lucio leprosy.
“Overdose Has Many Faces”: The Politics of Care in Responding to Overdose at Sydney’s Medically Supervised Injecting Centre
Authors: Dertadian George Christopher , Yates Kenneth
Published: October 2022

Drug consumption room literature often presents overdose as a stable phenomenon, which can be responded to in the same way from one context to the next. The literature is dominated by a clinical paradigm that implies that consumption rooms are effective because they provide sterile spaces and medical supervision, yet this is not the only way in which such services are delivered, nor is it the only component of the care provided at centers with a clinical focus. A growing body of critically oriented social science literature has highlighted the way different socio-material relations of care produce different capacities for service delivery. In order to expand the field’s understanding of care beyond an avowed a-political approach to clinical supervision, we conducted qualitative interviews with staff at Sydney Medically Supervised Injecting Centre (MSIC) about how they respond to overdose. Drawing on feminist notions of the politics of care we argue that overdoses are ontologically multiple phenomena, which are enacted at MSIC in ways that are explicitly differentiated from how they are understood and responded to in more traditional clinical settings. This illustrates how a desirable clinical intervention (saving lives) is made possible at MSIC through a set of constitutive relations (and politics) of care that are aimed at more than simply ensuring the client’s heart keeps beating.
The Effects of Postconflict Memory: Forced Sterilization in Peru
Authors: Ballón Gutiérrez Alejandra , Ortega-Breña Mariana
Published: October 2022

Forced sterilization was common practice in Peru in the 1990s, especially under the national reproductive health and family planning program developed in the midst of the armed conflict (1980–2000). However, in spite of the concomitant serious violations of fundamental rights, this practice was not included in the investigations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Recently published images, videos, testimonies, and texts provide new evidence regarding the role of the armed forces in these eugenic procedures, the largest state-run population control program in the Americas.

La esterilización forzada fue una práctica común en el Perú durante la década de 1990, especialmente dentro del marco del programa nacional de salud reproductiva y planificación familiar que se desarrolló en medio del conflicto armado (1980-2000). Sin embargo, a pesar de las concomitantes graves violaciones a los derechos humanos fundamentales, esta práctica no fue incluida en las investigaciones de la Comisión de la Verdad y la Reconciliación. Imágenes, videos, testimonios y textos recientemente publicados nos dan nuevas evidencias en torno al papel de las fuerzas armadas en estos procedimientos eugenésicos y lo que fuera el programa estatal de control de población más grande de las Américas.
Effect of hyperelastic pre-stretching on thickness distribution of pressure thermoformed products
Authors: Patil Jeet , Gaikhe Yogesh , Vasavada Jitesh , Mishra Sushil
Published: October 2022

Pressure thermoforming is one of the most used processes, but the thickness gradient in the formed parts limits its application. To control the product thickness distribution, pressure forming is assisted by a punch. However, due to punch contact with the sheet, the process is susceptible to surface defect, which is detrimental to the optical properties of the product. To produce optical parts with zero surface defects and controlled thickness distribution, a novel approach as a means for dimensional control by sheet pre-stretching is proposed and validated numerically. It was found that pre-stretching has a significant effect on the deformation behavior of the product.
A rare case of bronchogenic cyst in the parapharyngeal space
Authors: Jiang Zheng , Yang Xin , Liu Jun , Chen Fei
Published: October 2022

Ectopic bronchogenic cyst arising from the parapharyngeal space is extremely rare and has only been reported once in a case report written in Chinese. Here, we reported one case with such a rare congenital abnormality. The patient accidentally found a mass in the parapharyngeal space when taking the head MRI scan. The CT scan showed a 2.6 × 1.9 cm low-density nodule with a well-defined border. The pathological exam confirmed its diagnosis of parapharyngeal bronchogenic cyst.
Younger Supervisors’ Perceptions of Intergenerational Communication in the Sri Lankan Workplace
Authors: Jeevaratnam Grace Ashna , Jones Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

Workplaces are increasingly seeing younger supervisors supervise older subordinates, reversing traditional norms. Using Communication Accommodation Theory, we investigated younger supervisors’ perceptions of communication with same-aged and older subordinates in Sri Lanka. Eighty young supervisors rated four vignettes describing formal and informal interactions with same-aged and older subordinates. Participants rated older subordinates’ communication as less accommodative and more nonaccommodative than same-aged subordinates, particularly in formal interactions. They rated their own communication as more polite and respectful with older than same-aged subordinates.
Metastatic melanoma presenting with dyspepsia: a case report
Authors: Kheyri Zahedin , Khoozani Masoomeh Shiravi , Ala Moein
Published: October 2022

The gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon site for metastasis. Gastrointestinal metastasis of melanoma is usually asymptomatic, often affects the small intestine (81.1%) and the colon (15.1%), and rarely affects the stomach. Our patient was a 40-year-old man presenting with gradually worsening dyspepsia of a few weeks’ duration. He did not mention other gastrointestinal symptoms, and he was not anemic. He had a history of auricular melanoma, which was resected. A black lesion with a diameter of approximately 20 mm was detected in the body of his stomach during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Biopsies were taken, and the diagnosis of metastatic melanoma was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). A gastrointestinal work-up, computed tomography (CT), and positron-emission tomography (PET) did not reveal additional lesions. The lesion in the stomach was resected, and a new course of chemotherapy was initiated. A lower threshold should be considered for gastrointestinal work-up in patients with melanoma.
Effects of discontinuation of antihypertensive drugs on frailty syndrome in outpatients: a 1-year prospectively designed retrospective chart-review pilot study
Authors: Hasegawa Sho , Mizokami Fumihiro , Mase Hiroki , Hayakawa Yuji , Shimizu Atsuya , Matsui Yasumoto
Published: October 2022

Objective

To investigate the effects of discontinuing antihypertensive drugs on the characteristics of patients with frailty syndrome.

Methods

This prospective pilot study was conducted between March 2016 and July 2019. Among patients who visited the frailty clinic within this period, outpatients who received antihypertensive drugs at their first visit and were followed-up for about 1 year were enrolled. Participants who discontinued or continued antihypertensive drugs during 1 year of follow-up were classified into a discontinuation group or continuation group, respectively. Each domain in the Kihon checklist (KCL), fall risk score, short physical performance battery (SPPB) score, and skeletal muscle index (SMI) were assessed at the first visit and 1-year follow-up assessment, and were compared between the two groups.

Results

Among 498 patients who attended the frailty clinic, 78 were enrolled (discontinuation group, n = 19; continuation group, n = 59). At the first visit, SMI scores were significantly higher in the discontinuation versus continuation group. At the 1-year assessment, physical strength in the KCL for the discontinuation group and various SPPB scores for both groups were significantly improved, and the fall risk score was improved in the continuation group.

Conclusion

Discontinuation of antihypertensive drugs may positively affect physical performance.
Multiple Disadvantage and Social Networks: Toward an Integrated Theory of Health Care Use During Reentry From Criminal Justice Settings
Authors: Timmer Anastasiia , Johnson Oshea D. , Nowotny Kathryn M.
Published: October 2022

Research consistently finds the disproportionate negative health impact of the criminal justice system on racial and ethnic minorities. Yet less is known about the underlying mechanisms of health care utilization during community reintegration. We contribute to the literature theoretically by integrating two perspectives: network theory of social capital and multiple disadvantage hypothesis and providing a more nuanced explanation of health service use during reentry. We identify incarceration history as a unique disadvantaged status that precludes people from accessing social networks and social capital. We further elaborate on the phenomenon of racialized reentry and illustrate how multiple disadvantaged statuses are linked to social networks and health care.
Analysis of wind energy resources from high rise building for micro wind turbine: A review
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Prakash Om
Published: October 2022

Micro wind turbine is a technology that is used to generate electricity in urban areas. The purpose of this review paper is an analysis of micro wind turbines on high-rise buildings. High-rise buildings are used as towers for micro wind turbines. Here is an analysis of the wind map of India for installing wind turbines. With the help of wind maps, the behavior of wind at different heights has been studied. The result of this study is to analyze how much wind power is generated in different states of India. At present nine states of India, wind energy is produced for commercial use and connected to the grid. Tamil Nadu is the largest wind power producer state. The wind flow in nine states is very good for wind power generation. Micro wind turbines have also been installed in these states and wind power generation for domestic use yields good results.
Crowding and Perceived Travel Time in Public Transit: Virtual Reality Compared With Stated Choice Surveys
Authors: Sadeghi Saeedeh , Daziano Ricardo , Yoon So-Yeon , Anderson Adam K
Published: October 2022

In-vehicle crowding and travel time are two important factors that determine passenger transportation preferences in public transit. A widely used approach to obtain the relative magnitude of these preferences is the stated choice (SC) survey. However, such imaginary choice situations do not capture automatic cognitive biases during the immersive experience of trips. In a previous study, we used virtual reality (VR) technology to simulate short immersive virtual subway trips with different levels of crowding. We asked participants to indicate the level of pleasantness and estimate the duration of each trip. In this paper, we compare and contrast perceptions of participants in the VR task with preferences in a SC survey taken from the same participants. The SC task consisted of two-alternative choice scenarios, asking for preference between more crowded shorter trips and less crowded longer trips. Discrete choice modeling was used to analyze the SC results. There are two main findings. First, individuals who perceived passenger density more negatively in the SC task also felt more negatively during higher density VR trips. This confirms that hypothetical SC surveys can reflect feelings induced by crowding during more realistic experiences. Secondly, a more crowded VR trip was perceived as longer compared with a less crowded trip, whereas this effect was not reflected in the SC task. It therefore suggests that SC surveys may not be capable of capturing systematic temporal biases induced by crowding. Results shed light on potential caveats of the SC surveys and introduce an avenue for the use of VR in passenger preference research.
Study of over-examination on tire induced by pressure correction process in flywheel tests
Authors: Wang Congwen , Xiao Chi , Feng Yihui , Dai Yujing , Wang Jun , Huan Yan , Huan Yong
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the strain energy density (SED) is used to study the over-examination to tire in flywheel test induced by pressure correction process. Flywheel test is the main method for evaluating tire durability, which cannot be measured on flat ground due to the variable road conditions. “Pressure Correction” is a necessary step in flywheel tests, but this process can lead to an over-examination of tire durability, which means the tire durability will be underestimated. However, it is impossible to obtain the tire durability from ideal flat ground test, so this paper utilizes the finite element method (FEM) to simulate the tire rolling condition on flat ground and differently sized flywheels, and the SED is used to evaluate the over-examination of tire durability in flywheel test. According to the results, a flywheel with too small diameter has a large amount of over-examination, and the amount caused by a large flywheel is acceptable. This methodology can be a guideline to assess the over-examination on different sized flywheel tests relative to the flat ground, and for the certain tire in this study, flywheels with 3–5 times the tire diameter appear to have an acceptable over-examination.
Physician engagement strategies in health information system implementations
Authors: Hudson Darren
Published: October 2022

Health information system implementations are expensive and risky. They have the potential to transform healthcare when implemented successfully. Health leaders need to effectively engage physicians as an important constituent in the project. This can be accomplished by applying user-centred design principles, facilitating physician leadership, and planning for training. When done effectively, a sense of shared ownership and allegiance between management and the physician group is created that will lead to a successful project.
The Effect of Pharmacy-Led Medication Reconciliation on Odds of Psychiatric Relapse at a Community Hospital
Authors: Light Jamie , Ruh Christine , Ott Michael , Banker Christopher , Meaney Drake , Doloresco Fred , Noyes Katia
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Individuals with psychiatric disorders are at increased risk for treatment non-adherence and related complications, especially during transitions of care. Medication reconciliation is now a standard process during hospital admissions that is uniformly recommended by international organizations to aid in safe and effective care transitions. Pharmacy-led medication reconciliation (PMR) practices are poised to represent a standardized method of reconciliation attempt within this underserved population with complex medication histories. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study using medical chart review was conducted for all adults admitted to the inpatient psychiatric service at a community hospital in Buffalo, NY, during 2 months in 2018. Outcomes were 30- and 180-day psychiatric readmission rates, 30- and 180-day visit rates to the outpatient comprehensive psychiatric emergency program (CPEP), and composite 30- and 180-day relapse. Receipt of pharmacy-led medication reconciliation was identified from pharmacy documentation in the electronic medical record. Results: 78% of patient’s medication lists on admission were reconciled, with 49% of reconciliations made by the inpatient pharmacy. Presence of a PMR did not alter the odds of inpatient readmission alone, however patients without a PMR were found to have 2.13 times higher odds of visiting the hospital’s outpatient CPEP within 30-days ( P = .012) and 1.9 times higher odds of any composite psychiatric relapse within 30-days ( P = .024). Conclusions: Implementation of hospital-wide pharmacy-led medication reconciliation on admission may help reduce psychiatric relapse across multiple care settings.
Angiotensin II Use in Treatment of Refractory Shock Due to Benazepril and Amlodipine Toxic Ingestion
Authors: Gutierrez G. Christina , Dayton Christopher , Attridge Rebecca L. , Smedley Lucas , Saikumar Haritha , Everett Christopher , Rodriguez Abraham , Varney Shawn
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Calcium channel blockers (CCB) are a leading cause of ingestion-associated fatality. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) overdose as part of co-ingestion is common and associated with refractory shock. Treatment options to manage this profound vasoplegia are limited. We describe the first case of use of newly formulated Angiotensin II for treatment of severe ACEi and CCB poisoning. Case Report: A 57-year-old man presented after suicide attempt by ingesting 20 tablets each of amlodipine 10 mg and benazepril 20 mg. His hypotension was initially managed with 35 mL/kg of crystalloid, norepinephrine, and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic therapy (HIET). His hemodynamics further deteriorated, and he developed lactic acidosis, electrolyte derangements, and renal dysfunction. Further complications of his ingestion included cardiac arrest, subsequent requirement for emergency cricothyrotomy, and renal replacement therapy. Maximal hemodynamic support with HIET therapy insulin drip 4.4 units/kg/hour, norepinephrine 2 mcg/kg/min, epinephrine 1 mcg/kg/min, vasopressin .06 units/hour, and intravenous lipid emulsion was unsuccessful. Ang II was started and titrated to maximal doses with dramatic improvement in hemodynamics. Within hours of starting Ang II, epinephrine was stopped and norepinephrine decreased by 50%. He was downgraded from the intensive care unit without any ongoing end-organ dysfunction. Discussion: Isolated CCB overdoses have high complication rates and well-established treatments. Therefore, management of CCB and ACEi co-ingestion is typically driven by CCB poisoning algorithm. There are multiple reports of CCB and ACEi co-ingestions causing treatment-refractory shock. Therapeutic options are limited by toxicities and availability of salvage therapies. Ang II is a safe and highly effective option to manage these patients.
On accurate estimation of vehicle lateral states based on an improved adaptive unscented Kalman filter
Authors: Pang Hui , Wang Peng , Wang Mingxiang , Hu Chuan
Published: October 2022

This paper proposes an improved adaptive unscented Kalman filter (iAUKF)-based vehicle lateral state estimation method. A three-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model is first established. Second, the influence of process noise and measurement noise on vehicle lateral state estimation using standard UKF is analyzed, and a new type of normalized innovation square-based adaptive noise covariance adjustment strategy is designed and incorporated into the standard UKF to form the iAUKF algorithm with the purpose of achieving accurate estimation of vehicle lateral states. Finally, a comparative simulation investigation using CarSim and MATLAB/Simulink is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the results show that the proposed iAUKF-based estimation method has higher accuracy and stronger robustness against the standard UKF algorithm.
Optimisation of underwater friction stir welding parameters of aluminum alloy AA5083 using RSM and GRA
Authors: Saravanakumar R , Rajasekaran T , Pandey C
Published: October 2022

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a non-traditional welding procedure for joining identical and divergent substances that are comparatively hard to weld using fusion techniques. The FSW is more competent and eco-responsive when correlated with the traditional processes. The tensile characteristics of thermally susceptible alloys are minimized as a result of heat iterations. The roughening of the consolidated deposits in friction stir welding induces joint moderation. For non-heat-treatable alloys, intergranular and stress corrosion cracking are developed in grain boundaries during the FSW. Because of this, the overall performance and mechanical properties were reduced. Underwater friction stir welding (UWFSW) is preferred to prevail over the problems. UWFSW is appropriate for both heat-treatable and non-heat-treatable alloys that are receptive to thermal activity throughout the procedure. This research examines the effects of response surface methodology (RSM)-based grey relational methods on the optimization of UWFSW procedural characteristics such as the straight hexagonal tool profile (SH), tool rotational speed (TRS) of 1200 rpm, tool transverse velocity (TTV) of 20 mm/min, and water head (WH) of 10 mm in military-grade AA5083 alloy. The mechanical properties of the AA5083 UWFSW joint, such as its average ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and hardness, have been greatly improved. Grey Relation Analysis was used to determine welding specifics such as UTS and hardness. The ANOVA was used to assess the formulation's significance. The micro-structural behaviour and grain structure of different weld zones were investigated with the help of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The image processing technique can be used to quantitatively assess the UWFSW process using the non-destructive testing (NDT) ultrasonic B-scan image and radiographic image. Confirmation tests at the optimal parameter level improved the performance of each response.
Mammal tracks record anthropogenic environmental influence in late-Holocene inland dunes of the European Sand Belt, Poland
Authors: Hsieh Shannon , Ninard Krzysztof , Uchman Alfred , Łaska Weronika , Łapcik Piotr
Published: October 2022

Structures previously suggested to be footprints or tracks, but which have been little described, were observed within Quaternary inland dunes of the European Sand Belt. Excavation of these in several localities of the eastern part of the belt in Poland reveal that they are hoofprints of various ungulate mammals, both wild and domestic, as well as footprints of humans, ranging from potentially as early as the fifth to sixth century to the 19th century or later. Trample grounds and horizons with high densities of tracks are associated with other signs of intensifying usage of dune habitats for pasture and farming, including constrained movement of livestock, relatively well-developed paleosols, and evidence of ploughing. The presence of such abundant life traces not only reflects the presence of individual animals and people in an area, but sheds light on the potential processes and feedbacks that the tracemakers were involved in, in terms of maintaining and modifying the habitats themselves, which were dynamic and changeable. Footprints and their associated sedimentological records can be integrated with archaeological and historical data to analyse anthropogenic influence through time on physical landscapes and on the wild biota.
CCl4 inhibits the expressions of hepatic taurine biosynthetic enzymes and taurine synthesis in the progression of mouse liver fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Di , Zheng Jiaming , Qiu Guobin , Niu Tongjuan , Gong Yuneng , Cui Sheng
Published: October 2022

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a widely used hepatotoxin for the studies of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and taurine has function to abate liver fibrosis induced by CCl4. But the interacting mechanisms between taurine and CCl4 in liver are still largely unknown. These made us to hypothesize that CCl4 may induce liver fibrosis by affecting the expressions of taurine biosynthetic enzymes and taurine synthesis. We thus assayed the expressions of hepatic cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteine sulfonate acid decarboxylase (CSAD) and taurine transporter (TauT) in the progression of mouse liver fibrosis induced by CCl4. The results demonstrated that CCl4 treatment markedly decreased hepatic CSAD, CDO expressions, and taurine levels in hepatic tissue, although TauT expression did not exhibit significant decline. It was contrasting that hepatic α-SMA, serum AST, ALT, ALP kept increasing, which were accompanied by the pathological characters of liver, whereas taurine supplement attenuated the progression of liver fibrosis induced by CCl4. These results demonstrate that CCl4 may induce liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic CSAD and CDO expressions and taurine synthesis, which are crucial for our understanding the mechanisms of liver fibrosis induced by CCl4, and also potential for establishing therapeutic strategies of liver fibrosis and related diseases.
A typology of nurses' interaction with relatives in emergency situations
Authors: Primc Nadia , Schwabe Sven , Poeck Juliane , Günther Andreas , Hasseler Martina , Rubeis Giovanni
Published: October 2022

Background

In nursing homes, residents’ relatives represent important sources of support for nurses. However, in the heightened stress of emergency situations, interaction between nurses and relatives can raise ethical challenges.

Research objectives

The present analysis aimed at elaborating a typology of nurses’ experience of ethical support and challenges in their interaction with relatives in emergency situations.

Research design

Thirty-three semi-structured interviews and six focus groups were conducted with nurses from different nursing homes in Germany. Data were analysed according to Mayring’s method of qualitative content analysis.

Participants and research context

Participants were licensed nurses working in nursing homes.

Ethical considerations

Ethical approval was granted by Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences (02.07.2020) and the Ethics Committee of Hannover Medical School (Nr. 8866_BO_K_2020; 27.01.2020). Interviewees were anonymised and focus group were pseudonymised during transcription. All participants provided written consent.

Findings/results

In emergency situations, relatives can represent important sources of support for nurses. However, they may also give rise to different challenges, relating to four ethical conflicts: (1) the challenge of meeting the information needs of relatives while providing appropriate care to all residents; (2) the challenge of managing relatives’ demands for hospitalisation when hospitalisation is not deemed necessary by nurses; (3) the challenge of managing relatives’ demands for lifesaving treatment when such treatment contradicts the will of the resident; and (4) the challenge of attempting to initiate hospitalisation when relatives oppose this course of action. Several external factors make these conflicts especially challenging for nurses: fear of legal consequences, a low staffing ratio, and a lack of qualified nursing staff.

Conclusions

Conflict between nurses and relatives typically revolves around hospitalisation and the initiation of lifesaving treatment. Whether nurses perceive interaction with relatives as supportive or conflictual essentially depends on the quality of the relationship, which may be negatively influenced by a number of external factors.
Understanding lived experiences of nurse managers about managerial ethics
Authors: Nejat Nazi , Zand Soleman , Taheri Majid , Khosravani Mahboobeh
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Expressions of Managerial ethics as a clinical phenomenon in Nursing Ethics as expressed by nurse managers were investigated. A coherence could be detected between the concepts and phenomena of Managerial ethics and nurse managers as a context.

Background

Managerial ethics as a new approach has emerged in the perspective and by prioritizing ethics in the organization has provided the basis for creating and promoting individual and organizational effectiveness. Managers’ and staff’s adherence to professional ethics helps hospitals to achieve their intended goals.

Aim

The present study aimed to explain nurse managers’ experience of managerial ethics.

Research design

This qualitative study was conducted based on a phenomenological design in 2022.

Participants and research context

The participants included 20 nurse managers working in hospitals in Arak, Iran. They were selected by the purposive sampling method which continued until data saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews (30–90 min); subsequently, the obtained results were analyzed using the Van Manen six-step approach.

Ethical considerations

The confidentiality and the right of participants to take part or withdraw from the study were observed during this research.

Results

The results of the present study were able to demonstrate nurse managers’ lived experience of managerial ethics in the form of five themes of professional ethics, people-oriented management, professional empowerment, excellencism, and patient-centered care.

Conclusions

As evidenced by the obtained results, nurse managers held a positive view of managerial ethics. They were striving to strongly adhere to ethical principles in nursing management since they contribute greatly to the improved quality of nursing services in care and health settings. Therefore, appropriate policy-making and planning for managerial ethics training are indispensable for all nurses and nursing students.
The Christian Military Colonies in Medieval Ethiopia: The Chewa System
Authors: Tariku Ayele
Published: October 2022

From the reign of King Yekuno-Amlak (r. 1270–85) to that of Emperor Tewodros II (r. 1855–68), the army of Ethiopia, one of the East African counties, was divided into two major categories: The first category consisted of local militias under regional governors who had no special type of war combat training. In times of national crisis, they engaged in warfare only when the king called them. Immediately after battle, they were sent back to their regional base.

The second category of the army was the royal army (chewa, from fourteenth to sixteenth centuries). Chewa was the regular army of the kings and many of its regiments were deployed in various regions of Ethiopia. It was established only for the purpose of military services, and the members of this army were not allowed to do any other work.

This article examines the chewa military system and its dynamics in the medieval period of Ethiopia, roughly covering the period between fourteenth and sixteenth centuries.
MTR Foods—Redesigning Brand Identity and Brand Architecture
Authors: Sharma Ruppal Walia , Kamath Renuka
Published: October 2022

MTR brand has a rich legacy of nearly 90 years in the Indian packaged food space, focusing on spices and ready-to-cook/ready-to-eat meals. It was a much loved and revered brand which stood for authenticity and high adherence to quality. Over the years, the target segment of the brand evolved. The new Indian woman went from being a ‘passive supporter’ of the family to a ‘discerning homemake’. She aspired for newness and modernity while guarding authentic cuisines and traditions. MTR wanted to associate itself with this ‘new evolved’ homemaker. While retaining the brand’s authentic core was essential, it was also important to represent the brand as one in tune with evolving tastes. The marketing team needed to figure out what the new brand identity of MTR should be. How best the brand could support the consumer in her different roles? How the brand portfolio could be organized to provide maximum value and how the new identity could be visually represented across its packaging?
Theoretical and experimental studies on vibration attenuation for squirrel cage by metamaterial belt structure
Authors: Bochen Ren , Weiyang Qin , Han Wang , Yongfeng Yang
Published: October 2022

For the squirrel cage in aero-engine, a metamaterial attenuation structure is presented to control its vibration. Considering the characteristic rotating speeds of rotor system, several types of metamaterial cells are designed. According to the shape of squirrel cage, a structure composed of the metamaterial belts is designed to realize vibration attenuation. For each cell, the dispersion analysis is carried out. The results prove that the bandgap could cover the characteristic frequency of the rotor system. For the squirrel cage equipped with the metamaterial belts, corresponding Finite Element Method (FEM) model is established and simulations are carried out. The results prove that the metamaterial belts could attenuate the cage’s vibration effectively. The validation experiments were carried out. The results of sweeping frequency prove that the metamaterial structure could attenuate the vibration amplitude significantly. Especially, at the resonance frequency, the squirrel cage with metamaterial belts could reach a 96% reduction in amplitude compared to the squirrel cage without it. The responses for harmonic excitations prove that at the characteristic rotating speed the vibration amplitude of squirrel cage can be reduced greatly. The results may provide a guidance for the design of vibration attenuation of squirrel cage.
Parent Training for ADHD: No Generalization of Effects From Clinical to Neuropsychological Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lambek Rikke , Sonuga-Barke Edmund J. S. , Lange Anne-Mette , Carroll Daniel J. , Daley David , Thomsen Per Hove
Published: October 2022

Objective:

We examined whether neuropsychological function in ADHD can be improved by the New Forest Parenting Programme (NFPP), that combines standard parenting strategies with self-regulatory skills training, or predict ADHD and quality of life (QoL) treatment effects.

Method:

Participants were 93 medication-naive preschool children with ADHD (3–7 years) randomized to either NFPP ( n = 49) or treatment as usual (TAU; n = 44) in a recent randomized trial. Laboratory measures of executive function, reaction time variability, and delay of gratification were collected along with parent ratings of ADHD and QoL at baseline and post treatment. Ratings were collected again at 3-month follow-up.

Results:

NFPP did not improve neuropsychological function (compared to TAU), and baseline neuropsychological function did not predict treatment-related ADHD or QoL effects.

Conclusion:

Although NFPP includes a neuropsychological training element and has been shown to improve several clinical outcomes, it did not improve the neuropsychological functions it targets.
The Problem of Purity in Moral Psychology
Authors: Gray Kurt , DiMaggio Nicholas , Schein Chelsea , Kachanoff Frank
Published: October 2022

Academic Abstract

The idea of “purity” transformed moral psychology. Here, we provide the first systematic review of this concept. Although often discussed as one construct, we reveal ~9 understandings of purity, ranging from respecting God to not eating gross things. This striking heterogeneity arises because purity—unlike other moral constructs—is not understood by what it is but what it isn’t: obvious interpersonal harm. This poses many problems for moral psychology and explains why purity lacks convergent and divergent validity and why purity is confounded with politics, religion, weirdness, and perceived harm. Because purity is not a coherent construct, it cannot be a distinct basis of moral judgment or specially tied to disgust. Rather than a specific moral domain, purity is best understood as a loose set of themes in moral rhetoric. These themes are scaffolded on cultural understandings of harm—the broad, pluralistic harm outlined by the Theory of Dyadic Morality.

Public Abstract

People are fascinated by morality—how do people make moral judgments and why do liberals and conservatives seem to frequently disagree? “Purity” is one moral concept often discussed when talking about morality—it has been suggested to capture moral differences across politics and to demonstrate the evolutionary roots of morality, especially the role of disgust in moral judgment. However, despite the many books and articles that mention purity, there is no systematic analysis of purity. Here, we review all existing academic articles focused on purity in morality. We find that purity is an especially messy concept that lacks scientific validity. Because it is so poorly defined and inconsistently measured, it should not be invoked to explain our moral minds or political differences.