bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edukimia - Vol. 03, No. 03 - Back Cover
Authors: Edukimia Team Editorial
Published: November 2021

Back Cover
ANALISIS JENIS DAN STRUKTUR KALIMAT DALAM SAKUBUN MAHASISWA SEMESTER IV PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA JEPANG UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
Authors: Hardianti Ani , Zalman Hendri
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mendeskripsikan jenis dan struktur  kalimat dalam sakubun mahasiswa semester IV prodi pendidikan bahasa Jepang UNP. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kalimat berdasarkan jenis dan strukturnya yang diperoleh dari sakubun mahasiswa. Sedangkan sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah sakubun mahasiswa semester IV prodi pendidikan bahasa Jepang UNP yang berjumlah 30 sakubun. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : Pertama, jenis kalimat berdasarkan predikat yang digunakan dalam sakubun  mahasiswa semester IV prodi pendidikan bahasa Jepang UNP peneliti menemukan 332 kalimat. Jenis kalimat doushibun sebanyak 202 yang terdiri dari 132 jenis kalimat tadoushibun, 70 jenis kalimat jidoushibun. Jenis kalimat keiyoushibun sebanyak 35 yang terdiri dari  11 jenis kalimat i-keiyoushi, 24 jenis kalimat na-keiyoushi. Jenis kalimat meishibun berjumlah 31. Sedangkan jenis kalimat lain berjumlah 64. Kedua, struktur kalimat yang digunakan dalam sakubun  mahasiswa semester IV prodi pendidikan bahasa Jepang UNP peneliti menemukan 332 kalimat. Kalimat yang berstruktur SP sebanyak 50, kalimat yang berstruktur SOP berjumlah 77, kalimat yang berstruktur SOKP sebanyak 4, dan kalimat yang berstruktur lain sebanyak 201.
Kesulitan Mahasiswa Tahun Masuk 2018 dalam Memahami Teks Bahasa Jepang
Authors: Nurulhuda Hanifah , Yani Damai
Published: November 2021

In learning Japanese, understanding Japanese text is included in the Dokkai course. Dokkai is one of the compulsory courses that students of the Japanese language education study program, Padang State University, have to take for approximately 3 years or 6 semesters. The Japanese text does not use romaji letters, but uses 3 different types of letters, namely hiragana, katakana and kanji which make Japanese text difficult to understand. The large number of Japanese language education study program students in 2018 experienced difficulties in understanding Japanese language texts. The purpose of this study is to describe the difficulties of students in understanding Japanese text. This research is a quantitative descriptive study. The sample used in the study was 39 students. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire and used a Likert scale formula. While the data analysis technique is descriptive with a percentage. The results of this study found the difficulties experienced by students, among others, the sub-indicator of kanji with a percentage of 74.35%. In the linguistic indicator, students have difficulty with the vocabulary sub-indicator with a percentage of 63.7%, sentence patterns with a percentage of 64% and meaning with a percentage of 61.7%. Then in the indicator of student spelling and sound patterns, only difficulty in the sub-indicator voicing/intonation in reading with a percentage of 63.6%.
FUNGSI KYARABEN PADA ANAK TAMAN KANAK-KANAK DI JEPANG
Authors: Aprilita Ni Luh Ayu , Meidariani Ni Wayan , Andriyani Anak Agung Ayu Dian
Published: November 2021

This research examines the function of Kyaraben in kindergarten children Japan. This study aims to analyze the function of Kyaraben in Japanese kindergarten children. The data collection method used is the observation method with the data collection technique is conversation technique (interview) through zoom media to four mother Japanese informant. The research location is in Tennouji Osaka, Japan. Data analysis methods and techniques were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. Meanwhile, methods and techniques for presenting the results of data analysis using informal methods. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that there are two functions of Kyaraben for kindergarten children in Japan. Kyaraben as impulse (Impuls). The function of the impulse that give the stimulus or response from the child to eat all the meal in Kyaraben. Kyaraben has an attractive, colorful display element, and there are characters that kids like. Furthermore, Kyaraben functions as manipulation (Manipulasi) so that children continue to enjoy Kyaraben even though there are foods they don't like.
Unterwegs in „Audi spaces“ Im Interview mit Maria Appel und Alexander Schiera: Auch nach der Pandemie Kommunikation im virtuellen Raum
Authors: Steeger Oliver
Published: November 2021

Mit Teamkollegen zusammensitzen, an Ideen und Plänen arbeiten, in der Pause gemeinsam einen Kaffee trinken – während der Pandemie war dies für viele Mitarbeiter kaum möglich. Zumeist verbanden Videokonferenzen die Menschen in ihren Homeoffices. Einige Unternehmen indes suchten neue Wege: Bei Audi beispielsweise finden viele Workshops, Schulungen oder lange Teambesprechungen im sprichwörtlichen virtuellen „Raum“ statt, in dem sich die Avatare der Teilnehmer treffen. „Audi spaces” nennt sich der digitale Ort für Zusammenkünfte. Dies ist alles andere als Spielerei. Bei Audi weiß man: Kommunikation in virtuellen Räumen ist für das menschliche Gehirn entspannend – und wesentlich einfacher als eine Videokonferenz. So können Mitarbeiter stundenlang ermüdungsfrei an virtuellen Konferenzen oder Workshops teilnehmen. Maria Appel (Referentin für Applikationen in der Audi Mitarbeiter IT) und Alexander Schiera (Berater für digitales Lernen in der Audi Akademie) erklären, weshalb sich Projektteams auch nach der Pandemie im virtuellen Space treffen werden.
Virtuelle Führung - Was können wir aus Projekten lernen?
Authors: Stadler Christian , Brinkmann Anke
Published: November 2021

Virtuelle Führung hat seit 2020 im Zuge von Social Distancing eine neue Verbreitung und völlig neue Bedeutung erhalten. Schon 2018 zeigte der „Virtual Team Report 2018“ (CULTUREWIZARD.COM) auf, dass global die virtuelle Zusammenarbeit von 64 % (2010) auf 89 % (2018) gestiegen ist (bezogen auf die an der Befragung teilnehmenden Branchen weltweit). Dieser Anstieg von 25 % zeigt in welche Richtung sich die Zusammenarbeit entwickelt. Seit 2020 ist diese Entwicklung auch in Branchen sichtbar, die noch nicht virtuell tätig waren. Dies verlangt nicht nur Führungskompetenz, sondern auch Fähigkeiten im Umgang mit persönlicher Distanz und virtueller Kommunikation. In Projektteams gab es diese Herausforderung branchenübergreifend im Zuge der Globalisierung und Einführung von digitalen Systemen seit langem. Die Teammitglieder müssen sich in kurzer Zeit aufeinander einlassen und Vertrauen zueinander aufbauen, um erfolgreich das Ziel zu erreichen. Hierbei ist die Kommunikation ein wichtiger Bestandteil sowie das gemeinsame Commitment das Projektziel zu erreichen. Damit alle ihre Rolle im Projekt wahrnehmen können, braucht es Klarheit zur Rolle, Freiheitsgrade (damit Eigenverantwortung gelebt werden kann), Transparenz über die vorhandenen Informationen (um gute Entscheidungen zu treffen) und Empathie unter den einzelnen Teammitgliedern.
A TUMOR BIOPSY OF THE PARAPHARYNGEAL SPACE, COMPLICATED BY MASSIVE BLEEDING, WHICH REQUIRED URGENT TRACHEOSTOMY AND DRESSING OF THE EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
Authors: O. H. Plaksyvyy  , I. V. Kalutsʹkyy  , O. O. Mazur  , M. M. Sorokhan
Published: November 2021

The article describes a rare case of rhabdomyoma parapharyngeal space. A peculiarity of the clinical case is the appearance after the biopsy of massive pharyngeal bleeding from the leak into the larynx, which required urgent tracheostomy and dressing of the external carotid artery. The tumor is removed by external access, a week after the elimination of complications. The result of histological examination is rhabdomyoma. The tumor of the parapharyngeal space occurs periodically, however rhabdomyomas are rare diseases.
CLINICO-MORPHOLOGICAL PARALLELS OF PLACENTAL DYSFUNCTION AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF LOW PLACENTATION
Authors: L. M. Yuryeva
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Complications of pregnancy, which cause high perinatal morbidity and mortality, are accompanied by pathological changes in the placenta, namely, placental dysfunction (PD). 50.7% of PD are diagnosed in pregnant women with a low‐lying placenta (LLP). Aim. Тo study the pathomorphological parameters of placental dysfunction against the background of low placentation. Morphological and histometric features of the placenta from pregnant women with placental dysfunction (PD) against a background of low placental location were studied. The conducted studies show that the formation of placental dysfunction in pregnant women with a low location of the placenta is due to the violation of the physiological mechanisms of the formation of the feto-placental system in the first and second trimesters of gestation, as evidenced by: the predominance of the placenta of oval and anomalous forms (pleated, waist, with additional lobules ); the domination of the eccentric type of attachment of the umbilical cord and the main and intermediate types of branching of vessels. The manifestation of a positive type of compensatory-adaptive reactions at the organ level was a reduction in the thickness of the placenta in combination with an increase in the area of its maternal surface. A negative type of reaction in women with PD on a background of low placentation is a decrease in the volume of the placenta. At the tissue level in placentas from women with PD on a background of low placentation, compensatory-adaptive reactions were diagnosed in 70% of cases: a high percentage of terminal villi (69.4%), terminal villi with SCM (62.3%) and syncytial knots formation (29.5%), increased vascularization of villi (29.5%). In 25% of cases the degree of compensatory-adaptive reactions was significantly lower than in the control. Conclusions. In pregnant women with abnormal placentation, it is advisable to prevent the development of placental dysfunction from early gestation.
ULTRASONIC PARAMETERS OF EXTRAEMBRYONIC STRUCTURES DURING THE PERIOD OF PLACENTAL COMPLEX FORMATION IN WOMEN WITH PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES
Authors: A. V. Hoshovsʹka  , V. M. Hoshovsʹkyy  , A. A. Yakubovsʹka
Published: November 2021

One of the most important triggers for PD development is the diffuse-perfusion failure of uteroplacental, intraplacental and fetus-placental circulation. In this case, there are violations of transport, trophic, endocrine, metabolic and antitoxic functions of the placenta, which leads to the pathology of the fetus and the newborn. In order to evaluate the functional status of the FPC at the stage of the primary placental dysfunction formation in women with pelvic inflammatory diseases, we used the determination of the echographic extraembryonic structures’ parameters (volume of the yolk sac, corpus luteum, choroidal and amniotic cavity, localization of the chorion) in the women of the main and control groups, 6-7 and 12-14 weeks of gestation. Determination of the yolk sac volume, corpus luteum, choroidal and amniotic cavity, chorion localization was carried out by the three-dimensional VOCAL echography program. According to the goal, an ultrasound examination was performed on 67 women in 6-7 and 12-14 weeks of gestation. The main group consisted of 37 women with signs of inflammatory diseases of female genital organs, a control group of 30 women was practically healthy Investigation of extraembryonic structures in women with genital tract infections is an actual method of diagnosing the development of primary placental dysfunction.
DEVELOPMENT OF HEART АT EARLY STAGES OF HUMAN ОNTOGENESIS
Authors: H. P. Rotar  , V. V. Kryvetsʹkyy  , O. F. Marchuk  , F. D. Marchuk
Published: November 2021

In the study, the peculiarities of development in the embryonic and early pre-production periods of human ontogenesis are studied. The timing of the laying of structures from which gradually formed the atrium and ventricles of the heart, the interdermal and interventricular septum of the organ are established. The process of the formation of the valves of the heart has been observed. It was noted that in the prenatal of the 7th week of intrauterine development the structure of the heart resembles a definitive form. During the 4th week of intrauterine development on the upper wall the only atrium in the median line there is a concavity on the lower surface of which there is a crescentic protrusion, this is the initial of the primary atrial septum. In the 5 weeks of embryo, the free edge of the primary primitive partition grows caudally in the direction of the atrioventricular tubule, thus gradually separating the right and left atrium. In embryos 7-8 weeks of intrauterine development (embryos 18.0 - 30.0mm PСL), the heart takes the position from horizontal to vertical, due to intense and uneven growth adjacent organs and structures, especially the liver. In embrions of this age group, the length of the heart ranges from 1.5±0.05mm to 2.1±0.05mm, and the width at the base of the heart is – 480.0±10.0μm 590.0±5,0μm The thickness of the wall of the left ventricle is dominated by the thickness of the wall of the right ventricle at 30,0±2,0μm, and the thickness of the walls of the right and left atrium is almost the same.
FEATURES VEGETATIVE REGULATION OF THE HEART RATE IN PRETERM INFANTS WITH HYPOXICHEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS OF THE BRAIN
Authors: Bezkaravayny B.A. , Solovyova G.A.
Published: November 2021

In article are present the results of 24-hour monitoring of ECG 65 preterm infants with hypoxic-hemorrhagic CNS. Analysis of heart rate variability revealed the predominance of sympathetic activity with inhibition of parasympathetic activity, which leads to a sharp voltage compensatory mechanisms with possible further development of the dysrhythmia. Oxygenotherapy, which is held on time and effectively, helps reduce stress and normalization of autonomic balance by moving to a system of regulation of the operation of the infant, which the body stores energy.
The level of antiovarial antibodies as an indicator of inflammatory diseases of ovaries
Authors: Bakun O.V. , Andriets O.A.
Published: November 2021

This is a study of autoimmune antibodies in women of reproductive age with chronic salpingo-oophoritis. Shown that the study antiovarialnih antibodies has great prognostic value in reproduction.
EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Makarova S.G. ,   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Lokhmatov M.M. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Bekmambetova A.U. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Murashkin N.N. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Surkov A.N. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Budkina T.N. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Kulikov K.A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Oldakovsky V.I. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Tupylenko A.V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Epishev R.V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Ereshko O.A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Mukhametova E.M. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2021

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a disease with a nonspecific clinical picture, and characteristic changes in the mucous membrane of the esophagus often become an endoscopic finding. The final diagnosis is possible only on the basis of the results of the morphological examination. The article presents the results of examination and treatment of two patients hospitalized in the dermatological and gastroenterological departments of the National Medical Research Center of Children's Health with newly diagnosed EoE. In both cases, there were no typical clinical signs of EoE in patients, however, taking into account a number of characteristic endoscopic signs, a morphological study was carried out, the diagnosis of EoE was verified and pathogenetic treatment was prescribed with the achievement of clinical and laboratory remission.
CONSEQUENCES OF CHILDREN SWALLOWING FOREIGN BODIES IN THE FORM OF MAGNETIC BALLS
Authors:   School of Medicine with the Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU), Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia, Nikitin S.S. ,   Children's Republican Hospital of the Republic of Karelia, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia, Guseva N.B. ,   Pediatric Surgery Department of the Scientific Research Institute for Pediatric Clinical Surgery with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   G.N. Speransky City Children’s Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russia,   Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Psychoneurology of the Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia, Shevchenko I.Yu. ,   Children's Republican Hospital of the Republic of Karelia, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia, Derbenev V.V. ,   Children's Republican Hospital of the Republic of Karelia, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia, Timonina A.V. ,   Children's Republican Hospital of the Republic of Karelia, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia, Goldenberg I.G. ,   Children's Republican Hospital of the Republic of Karelia, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia
Published: November 2021

The authors draw attention to dangerous children's toys – magnetic balls (MB). When MB is swallowed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), they can connect with each other in chains or are attracted to each other through the intestinal wall, forming necrosis and perforation of hollow organs at the junction. The authors cite four clinical cases of patients aged 2 to 8 years with varying degrees of severity of pathology caused by magnetic foreign bodies in GIT, from spontaneous discharge of foreign bodies during vomiting to multiple perforations of GIT.
REFERENCE VALUES FOR THE CONCENTRATION OF TREC AND KREC IN CHILDREN AGED 1–17 YEARS
Authors:   G.N. Speransky City Children’s Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russia, Obraztsov I.V. , Fedorova L.A. ,   G.N. Speransky City Children’s Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russia, Prodeus A.P. ,   G.N. Speransky City Children’s Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russia,   Non-state Private Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education "Higher Medical School", Moscow, Russia, Kudlay D.A. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Russian Federal Biomedical Agency, Moscow, Russia, Korsunsky I.A. ,   G.N. Speransky City Children’s Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2021

The clinical manifestations of immunodeficiency states (IDS), whether primary or secondary, are extremely nonspecific. The consequence of this is the belated setting of the correct diagnosis and, accordingly, the late start of the necessary therapy. Early detection of IDS is a key factor in the successful treatment of patients with these diseases. Determination of the concentration of TREC and KREC in whole blood and dry blood stains by real-time PCR has already proven its effectiveness for newborns and children in the first year of life. Objective of the study: to determine the concentration reference values of TREC and KREC in peripheral blood and dry spots in children and adolescents aged 1–17 years. Materials and methods of research: 162 conditionally healthy individuals were examined, including 64 at the age of 1–5 years, 47 – 6–11 years old and 51 – 12–17 years old. The concentration of TREC and KREC DNA in peripheral whole blood and dry blood spots on neonatal screening cards was assessed by PCR. Results: reference intervals and threshold values of TREC and KREC content in dry spots and in peripheral whole blood of children and adolescents aged 1–17 years were built and substantiated. Conclusion: the obtained reference values are very convenient for identifying patients with T- and/or B-cell lymphopenia, as well as monitoring the number of naive T- and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with already known diseases in wide pediatric practice.
The Jesus of K Road: Theological reflections on Māori and homelessness
Authors: Rangiwai Byron
Published: November 2021

This paper reflects on my observations of, and casual discussions with, Māori experiencing homelessness, specifically, during the current lockdown in Auckland which began on 17 August 2021. It is important for those who experience homelessness to have their voices heard (Beaton et al., 2015). Amplifying these voices could increase understanding of the very complex issues that are faced (Beaton et al., 2015).
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction following nivolumab and ipilimumab combination therapy for metastatic melanoma
Authors: Ishibashi Mami , Ishida Yoshihiro , Otsuka Atsushi , Yamamoto Shuji , Kabashima Kenji
Published: November 2021

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are commonly observed in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and prompt diagnosis and treatment of irAEs is of utmost importance. Gastrointestinal (GI) events are among the most frequent irAEs and the hallmark symptom is diarrhea. Intestinal hypomotility as irAEs is exceedingly rare, and needs wider recognition given that the presentation is insidious.Here, we report a case of 79-year-old woman with metastatic melanoma under nivolumab and ipilimumab combination therapy. She developed ileus symptom, and was diagnosed with acute colonic pseudo-obstruction. The symptom relieved soon after administering high-dose prednisolone five days after the onset. ICI therapy was discontinued.Intestinal hypomotility as GI irAEs is exceedingly rare and there have been five reported cases to our knowledge. In reviewing past cases, we speculate that the prompt initiation of corticosteroids resulted in a favorable outcome. Our case illustrates that early recognition of these rare irAEs is essential in order to ensure prompt treatment.
Antropología y cine. Filosofía, subjetividad y existencia.
Authors: Rodríguez Valls Francisco
Published: November 2021

El cine, como documento que puede plasmar en imagen y sonido la historia y la biografía, se ha convertido en un instrumento importantísimo en la reflexión filosófica. La filosofía lo ha usado de múltiples formas, entre ellas para comprender el sentido del hombre. En este artículo se comentan algunas películas de los últimos años que pueden ayudarnos a comprender la difícil situación en la que se encuentra el ser humano contemporáneo y la imperiosa necesidad de dar sentido a su vida aún en terribles circunstancias.
Recordando a Pilar
Authors: Arana Juan
Published: November 2021

Obituario de Pilar López de Santamaria, profesora de la Universidad de Sevilla
Genetic determinants of autism spectrum disorders - a review
Authors: Stanicki Paweł , Goliszek Konrad , Kasprzak Karol , Makarewicz Agata
Published: November 2021

Introduction: It is estimated that various types of abnormalities from the autistic spectrum disorder occur in up to 2% of the population. These include difficulties in maintaining relationships, communication, and repetitive behaviours. Literature describes them quite well, in contrast to the causes of these disorders, which include both environmental factors and a very long list of genetic aberrations.

Materials and methods: The papers available on the PubMed platform and other sources were reviewed to describe the most important genetic factors responsible for the development of autism spectrum disorders.

Results: There are many genes and their mutations associated with the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in patients. One of the main factors is the SHANK gene family, with the type and degree of abnormality in patients depending on the damage to particular genes: SHANK1-SHANK3. Research also shows the potential of targeted symptom-relieving therapies in patients with SHANK3 mutations. A correlation with the occurrence of autism has also been demonstrated for genes responsible for calcium signaling - especially the group of IP3R calcium channels. Their calcium transmission is abnormal in the majority of patients with autism spectrum disorders. A number of mutations in the 7q region were discovered - including the AUTS2, GNAI1, RELN, KMT2E, BRAF genes - the occurrence of which is associated with the presence of symptoms of autism. Autism spectrum disorders occur in about 10% of patients suffering from monogenic syndromes such as fragile X chromosome syndrome, Timothy syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Rett syndrome or hamartomatic tumor syndrome.

Conclusions: Research shows that many mutations can contribute to the development of autism spectrum disorders. Further studies are necessary to discover their therapeutic and diagnostic potential for autism.
Studies on uranium recovery from a U-bearing Radoniów Dump
Authors: Kiegiel Katarzyna , Roubinek Otton , Gajda Dorota , Kalbarczyk Paweł , Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz Grażyna , Chmielewski Andrzej G.
Published: November 2021

This work reports the possibility of uranium recovery from a post-mining uranium ore dump in Poland by a bioleaching method. The studies were conducted on the dump leaching model with the mass of 570 kg of uranium bearing mineral material from Radoniów pile and in the periodic bioreactor with a work volume of 80 dm3 and with mechanical mixing and aeration of the charge. The uranium concentration in the examined material was about 800 ppm. In this process, the consortium of microorganisms isolated from former mines was used. It was composed of the following microorganisms: Bacillius, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Thiobacillus, Halothiobacillus, Thiomonas, and Geothrix. The efficiency of the uranium bioleaching process was 98% in the reactor, and a yield of 70% was obtained in the dump leaching model. The post-leaching solution contained significant amounts of uranium ions that were separated in two stages: (1) by ion chromatography and then (2) by a two-step precipitation method. The resulting solution was a source of ammonium diuranate, the precursor of yellowcake (uranium oxides).
Critical comparison of INAA and ICP-MS applied in the characterization of purity of TRISO fuel and substrates to its production
Authors: Chajduk Ewelina , Kalbarczyk Paweł
Published: November 2021

The application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), both in solution and laser ablation (LA) mode, and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in the nuclear material analysis are presented in this paper. The possibility of each technique for the chemical characterization of substances used during TRISO fuel production and its advantages and limitations are discussed based on the obtained results of the analysis of real materials used in TRISO fuel production in the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology. The paper also reports the application of INAA and LA-ICP-MS to the verification of the purity of the protective layers of pyrolytic carbon (PyC) and silicon carbide.
Numerical modelling of modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactors with thorium fuel
Authors: Oettingen Mikołaj , Cetnar Jerzy
Published: November 2021

The volumetric homogenization method for the simplified modelling of modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor core with thorium-uranium fuel is presented in the paper. The method significantly reduces the complexity of the 3D numerical model. Hence, the computation time associated with the time-consuming Monte Carlo modelling of neutron transport is considerably reduced. Example results comprise the time evolutions of the effective neutron multiplication factor and fissionable isotopes (233U, 235U, 239Pu, 241Pu) for a few configurations of the initial reactor core.
Application of genetic algorithms in optimization of SFR nuclear reactor design
Authors: Żurkowski Wojciech , Sawicki Piotr , Kubiński Wojciech , Darnowski Piotr
Published: November 2021

This work presents a demonstrational application of genetic algorithms (GAs) to solve sample optimization problems in the generation IV nuclear reactor core design. The new software was developed implementing novel GAs, and it was applied to show their capabilities by presenting an example solution of two selected problems to check whether GAs can be used successfully in reactor engineering as an optimization tool. The 3600 MWth oxide core, which was based on the OECD/NEA sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) benchmark, was used a reference design [1]. The first problem was the optimization of the fuel isotopic inventory in terms of minimizing the volume share of long-lived actinides, while maximizing the effective neutron multiplication factor. The second task was the optimization of the boron shield distribution around the reactor core to minimize the sodium void reactivity effect (SVRE). Neutron transport and fuel depletion simulations were performed using Monte Carlo neutron transport code SERPENT2. The simulation resulted in an optimized fuel mixture composition for the selected parameters, which demonstrates the functionality of the algorithm. The results show the efficiency and universality of GAs in multidimensional optimization problems in nuclear engineering.
Sorption of selected radionuclides from liquid radioactive waste by sorbents of biological origin: The alkaline earth alginates
Authors: Fuks Leon , Oszczak-Nowińska Agata
Published: November 2021

The sorption of 241Am3+, 85Sr2+ and 137Cs+ by calcium, strontium and barium alginates has been studied under different operation conditions. The most prominent adsorption was found in the pH range of 5–6 for all systems, even if the observed dependence on the acidity of the solution was small. The most favourable time for the adsorption process was found to be about 2 h for calcium alginate and 4 h for the other two sorbents.
Radiolytic synthesis of gold nanoparticles in HEMA-based hydrogels: Potentialities for imaging nanocomposites
Authors: Dziarabina Katsiaryna , Pinaeva Uliana , Kadłubowski Sławomir , Ulański Piotr , Coqueret Xavier
Published: November 2021

This article reports on the radiolytic synthesis of nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within two types of hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA): (i) plain networks with various contents in ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), as a cross-linker and (ii) stimuli-responsive (SR) networks prepared from these monomers copolymerized with [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MADQUAT) to confer pH-switchable swelling. Hydrogels were prepared by photopolymerization with well-defined composition and a high degree of monomer conversion using two experimental procedures, as xerogels or in aqueous solution. Besides MADQUAT, acrylic acid (AA) or N-isopropylacrylamide have been tested as copolymers, yielding pHor temperature-sensitive hydrogels, respectively. Isothermal swelling in water was affected by monomer composition. Electron beam (EB) irradiation at doses up to 100 kGy of poly(HEMA) xerogels and water-swollen networks prepared with 0.5 wt% of EGDMA had a moderate impact on swelling characteristics and thermomechanical properties of the plain materials, whereas small amounts of extractables were formed. Poly(HEMA)-based nanocomposites containing AuNPs were successfully obtained by EB irradiation of samples swollen by aqueous solutions of Au(III). The effects of dose and cross-linking density on the formation of AuNPs were monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy. Irradiation at well-defined temperatures of the Au(III)-loaded SR hydrogels induced the formation of nanoparticles with size-dependent features, whereas the efficiency of Au(III) reduction at 10 kGy was not significantly affected by the network structure. EB-induced reduction of Au(III) in poly(HEMA) hydrogels using a lead mask to generate well-defined patterns yielded coloured and long-lasting images in the zones where the nanocomposite was formed.
Radiation synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) nanogels for drug delivery applications – post-synthesis product colloidal stability
Authors: Rurarz Beata P. , Gibka Natalia , Bukowczyk Małgorzata , Kadłubowski Sławomir , Ulański Piotr
Published: November 2021

Synthesis of polymer nanogels (NGs) for biomedical applications is considered to be a very promising application in radiation engineering. Under high-dose pulse irradiation of dilute aqueous polymer solution, reactive species generated by water radiolysis can create multiple radicals on each macromolecule and consequently induce intramolecular cross-linking of polymer chains, resulting in NG formation. The obtained products are free from harmful monomers, initiators, and cross-linking agents, which makes them potentially applicable for drug delivery applications. One of the biggest challenges in handling and use of nanoparticles, however, is the colloidal stability, when aqueous suspensions are stored for prolonged periods. Therefore, development of the best protocols for the particular nanocarrier storage is key. To address this need, we have performed the prospective study in which we systematically assessed the influence of various processing and storage scenarios feasible in our lab, on the colloidal stability of the radiation-synthesized poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) NG particles in suspension. This allowed us to choose the optimal way of handling the product after its synthesis. We confirmed that none of the strategies we used and tested are substantially detrimental to our product. Filtration with 0.2-μm filters was proven sufficient for sample purification and prolonged storage in aqueous suspension did not exert a negative effect on the colloidal stability of particles suspension. We have also demonstrated that lyoprotectant-free lyophilization was suitable for our polymer nanoparticles. This is an important fact for further application of particles as nanocarriers for biologically active compounds such as targeting ligands or therapeutic moieties.
GC investigation of post-irradiation oxidation phenomena on polypropylene
Authors: Głuszewski Wojciech
Published: November 2021

The paper summarizes the results of research on gas products of polypropylene (PP) radiolysis. Particular attention was paid to the phenomena of post-radiation degradation of PP. The protective effect of selected aromatic compounds was investigated. The research was carried out both from the point of view of obtaining radiation-resistant PP varieties and the possibility of accelerating biodegradation phenomena, e.g., PP/cellulose composition. The phenomena of post-radiation chain oxidation of PP were investigated by gas chromatography (GC). The GC in the system used (packed column, thermal conductivity detector, argon – carrier gas) enables the determination of H2, O2, CO, and CH4 in one measurement. The samples were irradiated with electron beams (EBs) accelerated in accelerators: Elektronika 10/10 with a power of 10 kW and energy of 10 MeV and LAE 13/9 with a power of 9 kW and energy up to 13 MeV. In the tests, PP without stabilizing additives (obtained directly from the production line) and non-stabilized styrene were used. Radiolytic efficiency of hydrogen evolution allowed us to estimate the number of originally formed free radicals. The maintenance of the secondary oxidation processes was the loss of oxygen and the formation of oxidation products (CO, CH4). Attention is paid to the protective effect of aromatic compounds (polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), anthracene, fluoranthene, acenaphthene, pyrene, naphthalene) both at the stage of hydrogen atom separation and the secondary oxidation process. The examples of post-radiation oxidation of PP irradiated in cryogenic conditions (–196°C) are presented. All used aromatic compounds showed a protective effect in PP radiolysis. We suppose that this phenomenon is responsible for the charge transfer along the polymer chain from the ionization spurs to the aromatic compound. The protective ranges of PS in PP radiolysis were estimated for the variously prepared PP/PS type compositions from 6 mers to 28 mers.
Combination of methods of thermal and radiation treatment of sediments associated with PCBs – the Delor type
Authors: Fülöp Marko , Šagátová Andrea , Benkovský Ivan , Prokes Karel , Foltinova Lubica
Published: November 2021

An efficient method of burning polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is often used to remove the environmental burden of PCBs. However, combustion produces toxic dioxins and furans (PCDD/F), so residents are increasingly rejecting this method. The heat treatment (HT) method does not burn PCBs but evaporates it from sediments. Even in this process, PCDD/Fs are formed to a lesser extent, which are destroyed by radiation processing (RP) following the HT. At the same time, the RP method degrades PCB congeners down to biphenyls, which decompose easily in the environment. A block assembly of a complex synergistic combination of equipment for methods of thermal (HT) and radiation (RP) destruction of PCBs in sediments is proposed. The efficacy of this complex was preliminarily determined at a level of 70-fold reduction in PCB concentration in sediments. To achieve a higher reduction factor in the concentration of PCBs, possible procedures for optimizing the settings of individual devices of this complex are presented.
RCM 3 Methodology Application to Armored Military Vehicle Cooling System
Authors: Silva Filipe , Chambel Énio , Infante Virginia , Ferreira Luís Andrade
Published: November 2021

The ultimate goal of developing the future of Reliability Centered Maintenance is to introduce the RCM3 methodology, applied in this article to the cooling system of high-performance military armored vehicles fleet, used in current operation theaters. This methodology is not only more advanced and aligned with the international standards for physical asset management and risk management, but also allows users to fully understand and quantify the associated risks, focused on the reliability of the systems. The case study aims to obtain a proposed maintenance plan to the vehicle’s cooling system. Methods such as the distribution of Weibull applied to reliability and Right Censored Data, were used for the calculation of MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures). The results of the study confirm the possibility of using the proposed methodology to evaluate the operational reliability of the high-performance military armored vehicles fleet in any armed forces. The maintenance plan obtained with RCM3 proves to be more suitable and capable of reducing the risk associated with the system failure modes.
Changes in Physical Activity Among University Students in Indonesia from Before to During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors:   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Rizal Dicky Moch , Wibowo Rakhmat Ari ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: November 2021

University life is an important phase for forming healthy physical activity habits among university students. However, little is known about the change in physical activity level during the COVID-19 pandemic among university students in Indonesia, which has a low stringency index. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among students of Universitas Gadjah Mada (n=153) from October to November 2020, where there were asked to recall their physical activity level and type of physical activity engaged in at four points of time: before the pandemic, early pandemic, Ramadan period, and relaxation period. Then, we conducted three-way mixed analyses of variance followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc comparisons tests to compare the mean difference of total moderate-vigorous physical activity with a subject over time and between subgroups in a similar time. Containment measures during the pandemic resulted in a 69.4-minute drop (95% confidence interval: 40.1 to 98.7 minutes, p<.001) of total moderate-vigorous physical activity. While the relaxation of containment measures could restore non-health natural science students’ physical activity to the pre-pandemic amount, it did not influence health science students’ physical activity. Our findings provide evidence that pandemic situations in a low stringency index country also affected physical activity behavior among university students. More efforts are needed to increase university students’ physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among health science students.
Construindo adjetivos disposicionais
Authors: Moreira Bruna Elisa da Costa
Published: November 2021

Este artigo retoma a tese de Moreira (2015) para discutir um trabalho recente de Resende e Rech (2020) sobre adjetivos sufixados em -vel no português. Nele, proponho uma análise sintática e semântica unificada para explicar a formação desses adjetivos, os quais denomino disposicionais. Analiso o sufixo -vel como um núcleo adjetival que se comporta como um modal dinâmico, com força quantificacional existencial, uma base modal formada por propriedades (introduzidas por frases do tipo “em virtude de”) e uma fonte de ordenamento proposicional, predominantemente estereotípica (BRENNAN, 1993). Sintaticamente, proponho que o sufixo tem comportamento uniforme e seleciona uma projeção não saturada de Voz/Iniciador, como numa operação morfossintática passiva (BRUENING, 2013), ideia que implemento no modelo da sintaxe de primeira fase (RAMCHAND, 2008). Essa proposta dispensa a postulação de duas regras distintas, já familiares em propostas lexicalistas (WASOW 1977), assim como de diferentes alturas de concatenação do sufixo em uma hierarquia funcional, como em propostas não lexicalistas (Oltra-Massuet, 2014; RESENDE; RECH, 2020). Defendo, assim, que ela permite uma explicação mais adequada e elegante para a derivação dos padrões observados nessa classe de adjetivos.
O embate entre saúde e economia na pandemia
Authors: Hadler Raquel Duarte
Published: November 2021

Este artigo analisa uma polêmica que acompanha o desenrolar da pandemia do Coronavírus nos diversos meios de comunicação brasileiros: o embate entre salvar vidas e salvar a economia.  Para desenvolver essa análise, são apresentados alguns trechos textuais dos discursos que envolvem a polêmica em questão, os quais circularam na mídia digital, mais especificamente em sites de veículos com relevância nacional. A partir da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, buscou-se apresentar perspectivas que contribuam para a identificação dos mecanismos discursivos que caracterizam a polêmica. No processo de análise de tais discursos foram discutidos aspectos que caracterizam a polêmica a partir de autores que já estudaram esse fenômeno, como também foram mobilizados alguns conceitos que auxiliam na compreensão do seu funcionamento discursivo. Assim, foi possível identificar memórias discursivas, posições em disputa e condições de produção, aspectos entrelaçados com o presente contexto histórico e sociocultural e que ajudam a desconstruir uma suposta transparência da linguagem.
Relação de alteridade e argumentação na seção de discussão teórica de dissertação
Authors: Barbosa Ângela Alves de Araújo
Published: November 2021

Este estudo está fundamentado na teoria/análise dialógica do discurso (BAKHTIN, [1979] 2003, [1920-1924] 2017, [1979] 2010, [1929] 2013, [1934] 2015, [1978] 2016; VOLÓCHINOV, [1930] 2013, [1929] 2017), em diálogo com a teoria da argumentação no discurso (AMOSSY, 2011, [2016] 2020). Objetivamos investigar a alteridade na construção argumentativa na seção teórica de uma dissertação. As relações de alteridade, o eu e o outro, são categorias axiológicas basilares no pensamento de Bakhtin, compreendidas como dois polos de valores em contínua relação dialógica. Nos gêneros do discurso acadêmico-científico, várias vozes se entrecruzam e pontos de vistas são confrontados na relação com o objeto a ser analisado e interpretado. Esses gêneros discursivos não são neutros, sempre têm uma posição teórica, corporificam as ideologias ou as visões de mundo de seus campos de atividades, e os atos responsivos e os posicionamentos ou pontos de vista dos pesquisadores são repletos de valorações. Temos por questionamento: de que maneira as vozes interagem dialogicamente para a construção argumentativa? O delineamento metodológico é qualitativo, interpretativo, por meio de pesquisa empírica do corpus coletado no banco de dissertações e teses da Capes em domínio público (on-line). A análise da pesquisa está em andamento. As categorias de análise serão: vozes, modalidades argumentativas, reação à palavra do outro (retomada, modificação ou refutação); constelação discursiva preexistente. Esperamos contribuir para os estudos do discurso e da escrita acadêmica.
Constituição de corpus de gêneros textuais jornalísticos para investigação de variedade(s) culta(s)
Authors: Lima Monique Débora Alves de Oliveira
Published: November 2021

Neste relato de experiência – parte de uma pesquisa de Doutorado em andamento –, descreve-se a etapa referente à composição de uma amostra de escrita culta, formada por gêneros textuais publicados no jornal O Globo (Rio de Janeiro), cuja constituição atende a um dos objetivos da investigação. O estudo toma como base os pressupostos da Teoria da Variação e Mudança (WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 1968; LABOV, 1972) para composição de amostras que possibilitem investigar o comportamento das regras variáveis e seus condicionamentos. Consoante Vieira (2019), cuja proposta assume a conceituação de norma culta e norma-padrão (FARACO, 2008), buscou-se compor uma amostra de gêneros jornalísticos para estudo de fenômenos linguísticos na perspectiva do continuum fala-escrita (BORTONI-RICARDO, 2004; 2005; MARCUSCHI, 2001; 2010). O corpus organizado foi composto por sete gêneros textuais (artigo de opinião, carta de leitor, crônica, editorial, entrevista, notícia e tirinha) – cada um com cerca de 20.000 palavras – e editado de modo que fosse manipulável por computador, conforme preconizado pela Linguística de Corpus (SANCHES, 1995).
Verbal working memory assessment in Russian-Brazilian Portuguese bilinguals
Authors: Skorobogatova Aleksandra S. , Henriques Anna Smirnova , Ruseishvili Svetlana , Sekerina Irina , Madureira Sandra
Published: November 2021

In Brazil, the learning of a second language (L2) by native Brazilian Portuguese speakers has been extensively explored, but studies on language processing and language interaction among bilinguals are quite recent. The late bilingualism of the first-generation immigrants has been studied mainly from the perspective of their difficulties in learning Brazilian Portuguese. Brazil has numerous communities of heritage speakers of many languages such as Japanese, German, Italian, Polish, Ukrainian, and Russian. However, the number of studies that focus on the bilingual speech of heritage speakers in Brazil is also quite limited. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the working memory in Russian-Brazilian Portuguese bilinguals as a function of the language and type of bilingualism. For this purpose, 49 first-generation Russophone immigrants and 28 older Russian heritage speakers, all residing in Brazil, were tested in Russian and Portuguese using a Month-Ordering task. We found that the working memory scores of the first-generation Russophone immigrants were not statistically different between both languages, but the median working memory score of the older Russian heritage speakers in Russian was 1.5-fold lower than in Portuguese. As next steps, we plan to verify the relation between the working memory capacity and narrative production abilities of the older Russian heritage-Brazilian Portuguese bilinguals in their heritage and societal languages.