bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Existence of a 2-D Heat-Conductive Incompressible Viscous Fluid
Authors: Yu P.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem of non-stationary heat conducting problem coupled with viscous incompressible fluid. We construct the global well-posed ness of this equation and improve coefficient range.
Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Polyamide 6 and Polybutylene Terephthalate Blends Compatibilized with Epoxidized Natural Rubber
Authors: Sapsrithong P , Sritapunya T , Tuampoemsab S , Rattanapan A , Nithitanakul M
Published: May 2020

Blends of polyamide 6 (PA6) and, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) have been prepared in this work. They were compatibilized using epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) by varying amount of ENR-50 i.e., 0, 3 and 5 phr. The effect of blend compositions and compatibilization on the phase morphology and properties of the resulting blends were investigated using a scanning electron microscope, universal testing machine, impact testing machine, and hardness shore durometer. All blends were prepared and shaped by using twin-screw extruder at 260°C and injection molding machine, respectively. The results revealed that the phase morphology of the PA6/PBT blend was incompatible. The separation of PA6 and PBT was observed wherein PBT is dispersed in the form of spherical domains in the PA6 matrix. The mechanical properties exhibit loss in tensile and impact strength. This could be attributed to poor interfacial adhesion between the two polymers. SEM micrographs showed that the addition of ENR-50 improved the compatibility of PA6/PBT blends. With the addition of ENR-50 as a compatibilizer, the uniformity and the maximum reduction of dispersed phase sized were achieved. The water absorption of PA6/PBT blends decreased with an increasing amount of PBT. Additionally, the results indicated that, as the amount of ENR-50 increased, the mechanical properties, including tensile stress at peak, tensile modulus, and izod impact strength were improved.
Unvulcanized Rubber Tape Made from Natural Rubber and Synthetic Polyisoprene Modified with Rosin as a Tackifier
Authors: Tuampoemsab S , Rattanapan A , Sapsrithong P , Sritapunya T
Published: May 2020

This presented work was to study mechanical and tack properties of unvulcanized rubber tapes made from STR 20 and IR 2200 with various amount of carbon black and rosin as reinforcing agent and tackifier, respectively. Mixing process of solid rubbers and all chemicals was carried out by two roll mill machine. All rubber compounds were subjected to increasing the stickiness by aging under hot air at 150°C for 3 hours. From the experiment, green strength of the sticky rubber tape mixed with carbon black and rosin showed higher than that of the commercial rubber tape. The formulation exhibited the highest tensile stress at 400% strain is STR 20 mixed with 15 and 5 phr of carbon black and rosin, respectively. Mooney viscosity of the rubber tape made from STR 20 and IR 2200 was also reduced with the higher content of rosin. Although Mooney viscosity of the adhesive rubber tape normally decreased after heating under hot air, its tack property investigeted by rolling ball test on the surface predominantly became increased. Moreover, Mooney viscosity of the rubber tape made from IR 2200 would be remarkably enhanced by blending with only 20% of STR 20.
A Semi-Stack Approach for Accurate Network Traffic Classification Using Multi-View Stacking
Authors: Fahada Adil
Published: May 2020

The network traffic classification is used as a basis of network management related works, from security monitoring and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to Quality of Service (QoS). Many works have been carried out on this theme that proposed various approaches. Most of the proposed approaches utilize predefined class label provided by an expert to perform the network traffic classification. Nevertheless, the difficulty to acquire consistent, adequate and up-to-date ground truth for classifying network flows effectively is still as serious problem. This work addresses such an issue via multi-view stacking to fuse the metadata from heterogeneous types of semi-supervised classifiers for accurate classification thru the following steps. Firstly, the original data is represented as multi-view using dimensionality reduction methods, with the aim to have strong discrimination capability. Secondly, integrate different semi-supervised learning algorithms from an ensemble learning perspective, to deliver a better stability and quality classification output. Finally, propose N-fold cross validation on metadata for training the meta-classifier, to produce the final class decision and predict the unlabelled traffic data. Experiment results on four existing network traffic datasets provide the best average accuracy mark is above 96% on all datasets and the best stability performance is up to 99.50%.
Modeling of a Parabolic Trough Using Two Heat Transfer Fluids and an Economic Estimation in the Moroccan Dairy Industry
Authors: Badaoui Meryem EL , Touzani Abdelatif
Published: May 2020

The aim of this article is modeling the parabolic trough (CSP) based on equations of the thermal balances of the different components taking into account all the different modes of heat transfer, as well as a comparison of the temperatures at the outputs in using two heat transfer fluids namely water and synthetic oil. The equations were solved using the finite difference method, and this developed model is validated by the results of the literature. The results obtained show the temperature at the outlet of the fluid, the absorber and the glass as well as the effects of flow, speed and irradiation on the temperature of the fluid, then an economic estimate of the energy consumption at the end.
Corrosion Inhibition of Rosemary Oil on High Carbon Steel in Sulphuric Acid Medium
Authors: Odunlami O A , Olomukoro O T , Loto R T
Published: May 2020

Rosemary oil was investigated on carbon steel in 0.5M sulphuric acid through weight loss technique. It was observed that weight loss, inhibitor efficiency and corrosion rate differ in concentration of the oil and exposure time. Maximum inhibitor efficiency of 78.45% was obtained at 10ml concentration of the oil. The performance of the oil was associated with the existence of organic compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, among others which form a protective film and act as a barrier against corrosion attack in sulphuric acid environment.
Amine-based Carbon Dioxide Absorption: Evaluation of Species Activity Coefficient for MEA-H2O System from 303 to 333K
Authors: Rusdi S , Ma’mun S , Qifari M Y , Gite R D V
Published: May 2020

Acid protonation constant (Ka) is one of the parameters required for thermodynamic modelling. In addition, a rigorous thermodynamic model requires solvent non-ideality properties in order to have a better model representation. This study aims to evaluate species activity coefficients from potentiometric titration data of the MEA-H2O system at temperatures ranging from 303 to 333K. The results show that the activities of the free MEA and the protonated MEA depend on pH. In addition, the activity coefficients of the protonated MEA determined by the extended Debye-Hückel model were less than unity at different temperatures. This means that the system observed was the non-ideal one.
A Systematic Mapping Study of Innovative Cloud Applications
Authors: Odun-Ayo I , Williams T , Iheanetu Olamma , Odusami Modupe , Bogle Sherenne
Published: May 2020

Cloud computing is a business paradigm wherein computers and computing related services are provided by Cloud Service Providers to consumers either as software, development platform, or infrastructure. Innovative applications are growing in a productive manner on the cloud landscape. Innovative applications are being developed for use in the area of e-learning, automotive processes, cloud containers and machine learning. The objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic mapping study of innovative cloud applications and experiences. The systematic map provided a structured overview of research work carried out and the frequency of publications, presenting them pictorially in form of a map. The obtained results showed that 7.34% of the publications were on development of innovative cloud applications in terms of model. Architecture and modelling, and simulation in relation to model were both at 13.76%, 11.93% of the papers respectively, while 8.26% of the articles were on deployment in terms of process. Architecture had most publication in the area of solution research, with 15.2%. For articles published on deployment and development, most were on solution research with 8.80% and 14.40% respectively. The outcome of this study will be beneficial to practitioners in the industry and academic researchers alike.
Development of a Human Powered Pedal Washing MACHINE
Authors: Fajobi M A , Salawu E Y , Azeta J , Dirisu J O , Ajayi O O , Onwordi P
Published: May 2020

Human powered pedal washing machine has been designed using materials suitable for its application. An existing bicycle was used as the pedal and other parts of the machine such as the drum, the frame was fabricated using galvanized steel. The material selection was put into consideration, such as corrosion because of the machine’s involvement with water. The human powered pedal washing machine was tested with a used dirty Laboratory coat. The pedaling washing was first done for the first 15 minutes, using water and sunlight detergent soap. There was a partial cleaning of the Laboratory coat, though the coat was very dirty. Another round of washing was done after which the first washing water was drained out through the outlet part of the machine. The second washing was excellent because the Laboratory coat was clean. The human powered pedal washing machine performed well with all the designed parts functioning well. This is an eco-friendly machine, maintenance cost free, energy conservation machine and highly sustainable for underdeveloped nations of the world.
Experimental Research on Ferro Foam Concrete I Beams with Different Number of Wire Mesh Layer
Authors: Afifuddin M , Isya M , Mahlil  , Dwihandayani M
Published: May 2020

The paper presents the experimental study on Ferro foam concrete I beam with different number of wire mesh layers. Ferro foam concrete is alternative materials, which consist of a combination between wire mesh and foam concrete. This material is lightweight and easy to be produced. There are 3 specimens has been tested. Specimens’ configuration was 300 mm height, 150 mm width of upper and lower flange, and 60 mm web with 2200 mm span. The different between specimens was number of wire mesh layers, 2 layers, 3 layers, and 4 layers. Foam concrete used in this research consists of cement, water, foam agent, and 10 % Pozzolan. Compression strength of concrete was 23.23 MPa, and Tensile strength of reinforcement D8 and wire mesh G12.7 were 421 MPa. The specimens were tested using four points loading. Three units of LVDT were placed at a distance of 250 mm and 1000 mm from the support. Based on the results, it was found that the maximum load that can be carried out by specimen was 8.48 Tonf, 8.00 Tonf, and 9.50 Tonf, for 2 layer, 3 layers, and 4 layers, respectively. Maximum deflection for each specimen was 14.01 mm, 13.53 mm, and 21.37 mm, for 2 layers, 3 layers, and 4 layers, respectively. Number of layer in I beam 300.60.60 has no significant effect for the beam in their ability to carried the load.
Stabilization of Power Fluctuation of Renewable Energy Based on Hybrid Energy Storage System
Authors: Xu Weibin , Zhang Xinyan , Zhang Jiajun , Yu Lei , Yu Yang
Published: May 2020

As energy shortages become more prominent, renewable energy is widely exploited. Renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy are affected by the non-uniformity and non-steadiness of the natural environment, resulting in fluctuations and randomness of output power. When incorporated into the grid, it will cause fluctuations in grid voltage and frequency, affecting the power quality of the grid. The energy storage system can be used as an energy buffering device to stabilize the grid-connected power to meet the grid-connected standard. A hybrid energy storage system is proposed to stabilize the fluctuation of renewable energy generation, and the energy storage control method and energy distribution method are given. Finally, using the actual data of a wind farm, the hybrid energy storage composed of hydrogen storage energy and supercapacitor energy storage is used to stabilize the wind power fluctuations. The simulation results verify the technical rationality and economic practicability of the proposed method.
The Research on Data Centre Construction Invested by Power Grid Company Mode
Authors: Wang Cheng , Zhu Hongjian , Liang Zuquan
Published: May 2020

Data Centre is one of the hardware facilities of the present stage social development trend. It will be rapid developed in the next few years. While not only its construction cost is high, but its operation cost is high. The State Grid Company is undergoing a transformation and become to a comprehensive energy service provider instead of power suppliers. It has the advantages in the aspects in cost, power supply reliability and operational maintenances if it takes part in Data Centre construction. The investment is in line with the development strategy of SGC, belongs to the high quality of investment projects and it is the new investment direction of SGC.
Finite Element Simulation of Repeated Upsetting at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Guo Wei , Zou Jin , Liu Keming
Published: May 2020

The equivalent strain field, effective stress field, and temperature field of the billet after repeated upsetting were analyzed by using finite element simulation software. The results show that the average equivalent strain in the billet improves with the increase of processing pass. At the same pass, the strain in the middle of upper surface is the smallest and in the middle of lower surface is the largest. After three passes, maximum strain of 5.33 is achieved. The equivalent stress and temperature decrease gradually from the middle to both sides of the billet.
Structure load calculation for Essential ESW Intake Structure/CCW HX Building Chilled Water Compression Tank
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Jung Dong Won
Published: May 2020

Interest in studying of the shell arises from the fifties of twentieth century. Assemblies which contains thin shells, find wide use in the modern engineering especially in ships, aircraft and spacecraft industry. In today’s aerospace and aircraft industries, structural efficiency is the main concern. In this paper the shell vibrations and buckling modes are analyzed by means of numerical methods to clarify qualitatively critical loads and different buckling modes. In our study we focus on the experimental analysis of axial loading for static and buckling analysis for pressure vessel. The modeling and the analysis both are carried out in Ansys 15.0 solver. The analysis provides the stresses for the saddle support & shell near the saddle support due to upset (OBE) and faulted (SSE) seismic load conditions. Furthermore, the results from the simulation are then compared with the KEPIC (Korea Electric Power Industry Code) standards to find the structure integrity of particular unit. Finally, data collected from these simulations results, we conclude that it is safe to manufacture particular pressure vessel with current loading conditions.
Prediction of Permeability and Compressive strength for Pervious Concrete
Authors: Pareek K , Hong Y M
Published: May 2020

Due to characteristics of water infiltration and runoff reduction pervious concrete is becoming popular among many developed countries. The most important property of pervious concrete is its permeability and compressive strength. But it is seen that pervious concrete generally possesses low compressive strength which can be improved by various cementitious material. The aim of this research is to assess the use of silica fume, fly ash and YC819 on pervious concrete. Permeability and compressive strength test was conducted out of which compressive strength was conducted as per conventional ASTM method but permeability test was conducted by new method originated by authors. Furthermore, estimation of compressive strength using statistical regression analysis is attempted compared with model generated by different researchers. Replacement of cement by silica fume and fly ash are been done in 0 to 25% and the result showed increase in compressive strength of pervious mix by 15 to 20% whereas permeability was observed to be decreased by 3% in fly ash mixed pervious mix on the other hand silica fume reduces the permeability by 5% as compared to conventional pervious mix. In accordance with data obtained for compressive strength prediction an empirical equation was found whose R2 was 0.67. When the models like Abrams, ACI, JSCE, Zain were applied and compared for prediction of compressive strength result showed that models do not predict the compressive strength as the different characteristics were neglected therefore it’s better to use Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as compared to statistical regression model for prediction.
Determination of pervious concrete mix by strength
Authors: Huang Bo-Syun , Li Yan-Fu , Wu Chi-Hsing , Tang Chi
Published: May 2020

The paper first used a cement amount C=300 kg and a range of water-cement ratio W/C=0.36∼0.44 to make pervious concrete specimens of different W/C to perform the compressive strength and the flexural strength tests, as well as the permeability coefficient and the porosity tests. These tests were to find the W/C of the maximum strength under meeting the requirements of permeability and water retention. The concrete mix corresponding to the W/C determined this way can be treated as the optimal mix since it gives the maximum strength for a cement amount C=300 kg. Then, similar tests were performed for C=350 kg to determine its optimal mix. From which, the relationship of the strength of the optimal mix vs C is established.
The Simulated Distortion Spectrum on Aluminum Alloy Structure with the Fatigue Crack Propagation
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhang Weifang , Jin Bo , Zhang Meng , Dai Wei
Published: May 2020

Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is expected to be a means of real-time monitoring of crack damage at the edge of the hole due to the sensitive perception of strain. In this paper, an optical fiber fatigue monitoring test platform is built for real-time monitoring of hole edge crack damage. Experimental results found that the grating could be sensed the strain variation with the crack propagation, caused by crack singularity, and the spectrum is highly correlated with the crack length. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) is a type of damage feature extracted from the simulated distortion spectrum, which has a high correlation with crack propagation. Meanwhile, the signal processing technique is used for the FWHM extraction, and the spectrum simulation, combined transfer matrix method and the finite element method, is investigated in this paper. The results show that the FWHM broadened obviously with the crack length, and the FWHM can be used as an effective index for evaluating fatigue crack growth.
Investigation on Temperature Sensitivity of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor under Global Temperature Variations Experience
Authors: Pang Bo , Zhang Meng , Zhou Yuege , Liu Shouwen , Zhang Weifang
Published: May 2020

An experiment was developed to relate the wavelength shifts resulting from temperature changes of fiber Bragg grating (FBGs) to the thermal expansion coefficients. The range of the temperature is set from -60 °C to 100 °C as the simulation of outer space temperature environment and the experiment results show that the primary wavelength shift of this sensor due to temperature changing is more precise with the secondary polynomial fitting than the theory relatively linear fitting. Consequently, the reason of the difference between the theoretic and the experiment calculation has been analyzed.
Numerical Analysis on Target Strength of the Filled Spherical Elastic Shell
Authors: Jia Bing , Wang Jihui , Li Guijuan , Chen Yunfei
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the acoustic target strength of spherical shells in water with internal fillers is calculated by using the normal series expansion method, and the effects of metal and non-spherical shell materials, size factors and different fillers on the target strength of spherical shells are analyzed. The results show that for different elastic shell parameters, the influence of the acoustic characteristics of the internal filler on the target strength is quite different. For non-metallic sound transmission spherical shells filled with fluid, only when the sound velocity difference between the filler and the water medium is large, the target strength is greatly improved compared with the corresponding rigid sphere, and the shell size parameters have little effect on the target strength. However, for metal spherical shells with internal fillers, the material and size factors of the shell have a greater impact on its target strength, and the sensitivity to sound velocity mismatch inside and outside the shell is relatively small.
Frequency Domain Technique for Characterizing Spur Gears Defect Pattern
Authors: Hamid M N A , Ismail M , Yusuf Z N M
Published: May 2020

This paper presents information of detecting the gear using frequency domain technique in vibration analysis. In this study, vibration signal is very crucial in determining signal from defective gear. The quality of the signal displayed in the frequency spectrum are depends on the number of sampling frequency taken into account during acquiring the data. Insufficient number of samples may acquire poor signal in contrast with sufficient number of samples. The objective of this research emphasizes the various frequency resolution and centroid shifting frequency location to characterize the normal and defective gear. The development of test rig with a constant speed of 1493 RPM is designed and consist of simple pinion and gear. The DAQ (NI) with algorithm block diagram developed using LabVIEW is used to acquire the frequency domain data. It is found that by varying the number of samples will affect the resolution of the signal and subsequently tune the shifting centroid of frequency. By calculating the centroid shifting frequency have indicate that the amplitude of normal gear is 0.0128g, defect gear (broken tooth) is 0.052 g and defect gear (broken tooth 90°) is 0.0938g. The amplitude of normal gear, defect gear (broken tooth) and defect gear (broken tooth 90°) are located at frequency 745.829Hz, 746.757Hz and 746.2Hz respectively.
Transmission Loss Analysis of Simple Expansion Tube with Micro – perforated Cylindrical Panel
Authors: Alisah MI , Ooi LE , Ripin Z M , Ho CS , Yahaya AF
Published: May 2020

This study presents a development of simple expansion tube attach with micro-perforated cylindrical panel (MPCP) to improve the acoustic performance. A simulation based boundary element method (BEM) was carried out using PLM Simcenter 3D. The model was constructed in three dimensional in CAD NX Nastran 12 application and then meshing into small elements. The acoustic properties and boundary condition were defined for the simulation purpose. The model was then fabricated by 3D printer material and verified with the transmission loss measurement utilized the two-load method. In comparison, the transmission loss of simple expansion tube with and without MPCP show a good agreement of BEM analysis and experimental result. The addition of the MPCP inside the expansion tube improved the transmission loss by 2-10 dB in wider frequency band compared to the simple expansion tube. Finally, the air cavity depth of the expansion tube is varied to study it effect. Its showed that, the larger air cavity depth caused the transmission loss peak shift to a lower frequency range.
The Evaluation of Deviation in Sound Absorption Coefficient for Micro – perforated Panel
Authors: Jafar N A , Ooi L E , Mazlan A Z A , Seng K H C , Tan J M
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the sound absorption coefficient for micro-perforated panel (MPP) is conducted to determine the acoustic properties of MPP. Two different kind of MPP with the same parameter is used. One is Nylon material and another one is Brass material. Both are fabricated by using 3D Printing technology and Laser Cut process respectively. The sound absorption coefficient of both 3D Printed Nylon MPP and Laser Cut Brass MPP is measured with two-microphone method by using Impedance Tube. The calculated sound absorption coefficient is done by using MATLAB software based on the Classic Maa model. The measured sound absorption coefficient is compared with the calculated result for both MPP. The comparison results show some deviation, like measured results produce a big dip, absorption peak frequency shifted towards higher frequency and wider absorption bandwidth observed when compared to the calculated result. In conclusion, it is found out hole imperfection effect is one of the reasons to the deviation produce between the compared result.
Oil Palm Wastes as Sustainable Sound Absorbing Particleboard
Authors: Ong T K , Choo H L , Lee S M , Kong K Y
Published: May 2020

One method to absorb noise is by using acoustic absorber. Empty fruit bunch fibres (EFB) and mesocarp fibres (MF) are waste materials generated from palm oil mills. This research aimed to fabricate sustainable acoustic absorbing particleboard using EFB and MF to replace conventional materials currently used. Two parameters that were investigated are the mix ratio of the EFB and MF and the addition of binder (urea formaldehyde, UF) into the fibres. Sample thickness was maintained at 20 mm and 30 mm for samples with and without binder. The sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of the samples were tested using an impedance tube according to ISO 10534 – 2 standards. Samples produced using 50% EFB and 50% MF with and without binder shown the best SAC of 0.699 and 0.982 at 1200 Hz respectively. This is equal or better than conventional materials such as mineral wool with SAC values of 0.875 at 1000 Hz. Swelling test however shown that all samples do not meet the criteria by JIS A 5908 for particleboard. Future studies could include the use of green binder and different percentages of EFB, MF and binder.
A Qualitative Study of the Wind Noise Cavity Inside of a Two Way Radio
Authors: Hairudin W M , Kamarudin N M , Ooi L E , Ismail N A
Published: May 2020

The cavity inside microphone of two-way radio can induced noise when involved in outdoor and windy condition. An investigation was performed in Viwika wind tunnel involving a flow visualizations techniques to clarify the flow noise behavior generated by the wind, particularly within the cavity. A smoke wire test was conducted using a cavity model at varying aspect ratio (L/D) between 0.7 and 3 in angle of attack of 0º with Reynolds number of 7831. A two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models based on k-Epsilon turbulence model were conducted to validate the flow visualization result. The results revealed that the deep cavity with an aspect ratio (L/D) of 0.7 produced a single clockwise vortical flow structure and the aspect ratio (L/D) of 3 show the complex flow structure which two recirculation flow vortices were produced inside the cavity. The flow behavior in the CFD simulation was similar to the smoke test. It is shown the flow behaviour inside cavities was control by the aspect ratio (L/D).
Development of an Ultrasonic Scalpel
Authors: Ngo Yi Bin , Ripin Zaidi Mohd , Yi Chan Ping , Zaini Ridzwan Muhammad Ikhwan , Mamat Ali Wan Mohd Amri Wan , Awang Baharum
Published: May 2020

This paper explains the development of an ultrasonic scalpel for soft tissue dissection. It is used in both open and laparoscopic surgery to coagulate and dissect the soft tissue. The ultrasonic scalpel has been designed, prototyped, and characterized. The development includes its power supply with ultrasonic-wave-signal generator, ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic amplifier, a pair of end effectors, and a casing with trigger mechanism. Conceptual design was done by using SolidWorks, and the conceptual design was simulated and refined until optimum design is obtained. The prototype of the final design was done by using machining process for the metal components and rapid prototyping for the plastic parts which are finally assembled for characterization purpose, which includes the measurement of natural frequency, vibration stroke, and its capability to dissect soft tissue. The result shows that the natural frequency of the ultrasonic scalpel is 29.3 kHz, with peak to peak vibration stroke of 40µm. The ultrasonic scalpel can dissect muscle tissue of chicken in 16.6s at the maximum temperature along the dissection site of 81.7°C.
Modelling of the Human Body Under the Exposure to Recumbent Whole-body Vibration
Authors: Lucas L K , Ko Y H
Published: May 2020

Human is exposed to whole-body vibration either in sitting, standing or recumbent position. Many studies had been carried out to study the vibration responses and develop the mathematical modelling in sitting and standing vertical position. According to previous studies, the resonant frequencies of the human body were identified to be in the range of 4-6 Hz and 8-12 Hz in the vertical position. Recumbent whole-body vibration also plays an important role as many situations in our everyday life are related to recumbent whole-body vibrations such as riding a train, ambulance transporting a patient or even sleeping. However, the studies of recumbent whole-body vibration are very lacking. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model to identify the response when a human body is subjected to recumbent whole-body vibrations. In this study, a nine degree of freedom mathematical model was developed, and the responses of the body were analyzed using Matlab Simulink. The overall resonant frequency of the body was found to be 1.4 Hz. Meanwhile, the head and neck had two resonant frequencies, which were 1.3 and 3.28 Hz for the head, and 1.4 and 3.4 Hz for the neck. This newly developed mathematical model can be used as a fundamental model to predict the response of any recumbent whole-body vibration.
Modelling and Closed–loop Control System for Magnetorheological Elastomer Linear Actuator
Authors: Hazwan Hadzir M N , Abu Bakar Muhamad Husaini , Abdul Azid Ishak Haji
Published: May 2020

Controlling the actuator in micro to microscale positioning is the challenge in the development of smart material actuator. The design of the existing commercial piezoelectric actuator is limited due to the material properties itself such as brittle which require special packaging and protection in order to avoid creep occurred. Magnetorheological linear actuator representing a relative new class in actuator development. the flexibility in MRE material potentially overcome the limitation of the piezoelectric actuator. This paper presenting the development of closed loop control system including the dynamic model, plant model and PID controller for linear MRE actuator. The control system was successfully developed and the MRE linear actuator able to generate the displacement at certain steady state error.
Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics Study of Sediment Profile Erosion
Authors: Azman Aqil , Zawawi M H , Radzi M R M , Abas Aizat , Aziz Nurhanani A
Published: May 2020

A sediment profile erosion with interaction of water which moving with wave generator are model in three-dimensional (3D) by using numerical method Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). The code is constructed using SPH formulation from Monaghan and both sediment and water are modelled as weakly compressible viscous fluids. The wave generator is set with a constant sinewave of 0.24sin(2.6πt). The sediment model with slope angle 36.464° is constructed in Solidworks with boundary length of 1206 mm, width of 454 mm and height of 463 mm. Meanwhile, the model is simulated in period of 15s. A sensitivity analysis is performed in order to add degree of trustiness to the results. The impact of generated wave to the sediment profile is analysed. The result show that the sediment starts eroded at 3 s. Afterwards, the sediment continued eroded whereby the sediment starts to move from the top region to lower region. This phenomenon due to swash and backwash of the wave that being generated by wave generator. Thus, the results show that the sediment erosion successfully simulated by using SPH.
Measurement of biomechanical behavior of dentin hard tissue in response to unbound water loss using stereo-digital image correlation
Authors: Chen Zhenning , Shao Xinxing
Published: May 2020

Understanding the biomechanical behavior of dentin hard tissue with fluid-filled dentin tubules and hydrated matrices is essential for studying this functionally graded biological composite. The stereo-digital image correlation technique with an adaptive high-magnification field of view (FOV) for fully hydrated biological tissue measurement was investigated. The adaptive magnification is controlled by the length of extension tubes. To determine both the unbound water loss induced and load-induced three-dimensional (3D) deformation of dentin hard tissue from a fully hydrated state to a non-hydrated condition, samples of dentin blocks and half teeth in sagittal sections were studied for a period of 2 h in situ over varied speckle patterns. The effects of speckles on water evaporation, camera pre-heating, and measurement accuracy in the wet, curved and long-term measurement were analyzed. The elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of both dentin and pulp in response to unbound water evaporation were measured. With the unbound water loss, the mean values of the elastic modulus generally increased from ∼8 GPa to ∼10 GPa in pulp region and from ∼10 GPa to ∼12 GPa in dentin region. The mean values of the Poisson’s ratio increased both in pulp and in dentin. Poisson’s ratio in the dentin regions (∼0.3) were generally smaller than those in the pulp regions (even can reach 0.6), irrespective of the partial dehydration time. Further analysis of the full-field deformation results provided insight into the unbound water-induced regional deformations and mechanical changes in human dentin. It’s found that the unbound water loss induced deformations were more prominent when compared to load induced deformations.
Gravito-electromagnetic approach for the space-time of a plane gravitational wave
Authors: Ruggiero Matteo Luca , Ortolan Antonello
Published: May 2020

We build the Fermi frame associated to the world-line of a reference observer, arbitrary moving in a given space-time, and we show that local measurements can be described in terms of a gravito-electromagnetic analogy, where the gravito-electric and gravito-magnetic fields are related to the non inertial features of the observer’s motion and to the curvature of space-time. We apply this formalism to the space-time of a plane gravitational wave and show that the interaction of the wave with antennas can be explained in terms of gravito-electromagnetic forces acting on test masses. Moreover, we show that, besides the known gravito-electric effects, on which present gravitational waves antennas are based, gravito-magnetic effects could in principle lead to other kinds of detectors.
Polyethylene glycol functionalized cerium oxide nanoparticle confer protection against UV- induced oxidative damage in skin: evidences for a new class of UV filter
Authors: Arya Aditya , Gangwar Anamika , Singh Sushil Kumar , Bhargava Kalpana
Published: May 2020

Acute exposure to high dose of ultraviolet (UV) radiations is known to cause significant harm to skin, primarily due to the generation of free radicals and damage to DNA, which often culminate in rapid aging of the skin, or cancers. Keratinocytes being the most abundant skin’s cells are affected most by UV. Although a degree of endogenous protection is present, the vulnerability of UV-induced damaged can be minimized using protective agents. A few UV filters (organic and inorganic) have been successfully commercialized, yet, due to prevailing disadvantages such as low solubility, photostability, and aesthetic sense, suitable and more efficient UV filters continue to be explored as potential ingredients of cosmaceutical agents. A recently studied antioxidant enzyme mimetic cerium oxide nanoparticles showed emerging piece of evidence on benefits under environmental stress. However, its protective abilities as potential UV filter and therefore applicability in cosmaceutical has not yet been completely explored. This study provides a piece of evidence in support of beneficial effects of this new class of UV filters, polyethyleneglycol functionalized nanoceria (PEG-CNP) against UV - induced damagein vitroandin vivo. The nanomolar concentration of PEG-CNPs in the cell culture showed significant protection from UV exposure, by direct ROS scavenging, the rescue of cells from cell cycle arrest and DNA damage. Further, a proof of the concept study in dehaired rat skin showed that the topical application of 50μM PEG-CNPs prevented the initial signs of UV induced damage. Unlike conventional UV filters, PEG-CNPs confer protection by internalizing the cells, and scavenging the radicals.
Endovascular Hyaluronidase Application Through Superselective Angiography to Rescue Blindness Caused by Hyaluronic Acid Injection
Authors: Zhang Lei , Luo Zuyan , Li Jian , Liu Zhe , Xu Hong , Wu Miaoqin , Wu Sufan
Published: May 2020

Background

Blindness is a rare but catastrophic complication of facial hyaluronic acid (HA) injection. Although various means to rescue visual impairment have been employed, no consensus regarding effective treatment has yet been reached. We organized a multidisciplinary team to address this emergency situation by means of endovascular hyaluronidase application.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the direct delivery of hyaluronidase to ophthalmic artery occlusion through endovascular cannulation to resolve HA-induced blindness.

Methods

Four patients with visual impairments caused by HA filler embolization were subjected to sequential treatments. Through superselective angiography, a microcatheter was introduced along a guidewire from the femoral artery to the ophthalmic artery to directly deliver hyaluronidase to the HA embolism. The safety and efficiency of this treatment were systematically analyzed.

Results

Selective cerebral angiography demonstrated that the endovascular application of hyaluronidase significantly alleviated occlusion in 3 patients. One patient showed slight visual improvement, whereas the other patients showed no improvement in their visual function during a follow-up period of more than 3 months. One patient suffered from cerebral infarction in the left middle cerebral artery during the intervention surgery. Moreover, 2 patients showed multiple lacunar cerebral infarctions after the operation, whereas none exhibited symptoms of hemiplegia during follow-up.

Conclusions

Although the endovascular application of hyaluronidase could partially recanalize the occluded branches of the ophthalmic artery, it had limited effects on restoring vision. Considering the risks of vascular intervention surgery, this approach should be considered with caution.

Level of Evidence: 5
Identification of population-level differentially expressed genes in one-phenotype data
Authors: Xie Jiajing , Xu Yang , Chen Haifeng , Chi Meirong , He Jun , Li Meifeng , Liu Hui , Xia Jie , Guan Qingzhou , Guo Zheng , Yan Haidan
Published: May 2020

Motivation

For some specific tissues, such as the heart and brain, normal controls are difficult to obtain. Thus, studies with only a particular type of disease samples (one phenotype) cannot be analyzed using common methods, such as significance analysis of microarrays, edgeR and limma. The RankComp algorithm, which was mainly developed to identify individual-level differentially expressed genes (DEGs), can be applied to identify population-level DEGs for the one-phenotype data but cannot identify the dysregulation directions of DEGs.

Results

Here, we optimized the RankComp algorithm, termed PhenoComp. Compared with RankComp, PhenoComp provided the dysregulation directions of DEGs and had more robust detection power in both simulated and real one-phenotype data. Moreover, using the DEGs detected by common methods as the ‘gold standard’, the results showed that the DEGs detected by PhenoComp using only one-phenotype data were comparable to those identified by common methods using case-control samples, independent of the measurement platform. PhenoComp also exhibited good performance for weakly differential expression signal data.

Availability and implementation

The PhenoComp algorithm is available on the web at https://github.com/XJJ-student/PhenoComp.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
TransformerCPI: improving compound–protein interaction prediction by sequence-based deep learning with self-attention mechanism and label reversal experiments
Authors: Chen Lifan , Tan Xiaoqin , Wang Dingyan , Zhong Feisheng , Liu Xiaohong , Yang Tianbiao , Luo Xiaomin , Chen Kaixian , Jiang Hualiang , Zheng Mingyue
Published: May 2020

Motivation

Identifying compound–protein interaction (CPI) is a crucial task in drug discovery and chemogenomics studies, and proteins without three-dimensional structure account for a large part of potential biological targets, which requires developing methods using only protein sequence information to predict CPI. However, sequence-based CPI models may face some specific pitfalls, including using inappropriate datasets, hidden ligand bias and splitting datasets inappropriately, resulting in overestimation of their prediction performance.

Results

To address these issues, we here constructed new datasets specific for CPI prediction, proposed a novel transformer neural network named TransformerCPI, and introduced a more rigorous label reversal experiment to test whether a model learns true interaction features. TransformerCPI achieved much improved performance on the new experiments, and it can be deconvolved to highlight important interacting regions of protein sequences and compound atoms, which may contribute chemical biology studies with useful guidance for further ligand structural optimization.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/lifanchen-simm/transformerCPI.
ESTIpop: a computational tool to simulate and estimate parameters for continuous-time Markov branching processes
Authors: Roney James P , Ferlic Jeremy , Michor Franziska , McDonald Thomas O
Published: May 2020

ESTIpop is an R package designed to simulate and estimate parameters for continuous-time Markov branching processes with constant or time-dependent rates, a common model for asexually reproducing cell populations. Analytical approaches to parameter estimation quickly become intractable in complex branching processes. In ESTIpop, parameter estimation is based on a likelihood function with respect to a time series of cell counts, approximated by the Central Limit Theorem for multitype branching processes. Additionally, simulation in ESTIpop via approximation can be performed many times faster than exact simulation methods with similar results.

Availability and implementation

ESTIpop is available as an R package on Github (https://github.com/michorlab/estipop).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Experimentally Induced Endometritis Impairs the Developmental Capacity of Bovine Oocytes†
Authors: Dickson Mackenzie J , Piersanti Rachel L , Ramirez-Hernandez Rosabel , de Oliveira Eduardo Barros , Bishop Jeanette V , Hansen Thomas R , Ma Zhengxin , Jeong Kwang Cheol C , Santos Jose E P , Sheldon Martin I , Block Jeremy , Bromfield John J
Published: May 2020

Uterine infection is associated with infertility in women and dairy cows, even after the resolution of infection. However, the mechanisms causing this persistent infertility are unclear. Here, we hypothesized that induced endometritis in non-lactating dairy cows would reduce the developmental competence of oocytes. Non-lactating Holstein cows received an intrauterine infusion of endometrial pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes; n = 12) or vehicle control (n = 11) on day 2 of the estrous cycle. Bacterial infusion increased expression of endometrial inflammatory mediators, and a mucopurulent discharge in the vagina confirmed the establishment of endometritis. Oocytes were collected by transvaginal ultrasound-guided ovum pickup on days 2, 24, 45, and 66 following infusion and subjected to in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. Bacterial infusion resulted in fewer cleaved oocytes developing to morulae compared to vehicle-infused controls (30.7 versus 45.0%), with the greatest effect observed in oocytes collected on day 24. Development to morula was inversely correlated with endometrial expression of IL6 on day 6. The expression of genes associated with embryo quality did not differ significantly between morulae from bacteria-infused and control cows. Artificial insemination 130 days after intrauterine infusion resulted in normal, filamentous embryos that produced interferon tau 16 days after conception in both infusion groups. This model of experimentally induced uterine infection successfully resulted in endometritis and a reduction in the proportion of oocytes that developed to morulae following in vitro fertilization. In conclusion, endometritis reduced the capacity of oocytes to develop to morulae.
In vitro ovarian follicle growth: a comprehensive analysis of key protocol variables†
Authors: Simon Leah E , Kumar T Rajendra , Duncan Francesca E
Published: May 2020

Folliculogenesis is a complex process that requires integration of autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine factors together with tightly regulated interactions between granulosa cells and oocytes for the growth and survival of healthy follicles. Culture of ovarian follicles is a powerful approach for investigating folliculogenesis and oogenesis in a tightly controlled environment. This method has not only enabled unprecedented insight into the fundamental biology of follicle development but also has far-reaching translational applications, including in fertility preservation for women whose ovarian follicles may be damaged by disease or its treatment or in wildlife conservation. Two- and three-dimensional follicle culture systems have been developed and are rapidly evolving. It is clear from a review of the literature on isolated follicle culture methods published over the past two decades (1980–2018) that protocols vary with respect to species examined, follicle isolation methods, culture techniques, culture media and nutrient and hormone supplementation, and experimental endpoints. Here we review the heterogeneity among these major variables of follicle culture protocols.