bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and Validation of Cuproptosis-Related LncRNA Signatures as a New Biologic Prognostic Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Qing , Qin Xuemei , Zhao Jing , Gao Tianle , Xu Yinwei , Chen Guohui , Bai Guangping , Guo Zhiqiang , Liu Jian
Published: August 2022

Background
Cuproptosis is a novel, distinct form of regulated cell death that has a pivotal role in cancer metabolism. However, relatively little si known about the role of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs (CRlncRNAs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to identify a CRlncRNAs signature, evalute its prognostic value and explore its molecular functions in HNSCC.
Methods
RNA-seq data and relevant clinical data were downloaded directly from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and cuproptosis-related genes were identified from a search of the relevant candidate-gene literature. Analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) was performed using the ‘edgeR’ package in R software. The intersection of the lncRNAs between DElncRNAs and CRlncRNAs was obtained using the R package “Venn Diagram”. By implementing co-expression analysis, we identified the link betwwen the prognostic lncRNAs and their corresponding mRNAs. Univariate Cox regression was used to identify cuproptosis-related prognostic lncRNAs. The range of cuproptosis-related prognostic lncRNAs was narrowed via the LASSO-Cox method, and CRlncRNAs with the greatest significance were chosen for constructing a prognostic model to predict patient survival. Kaplan‒Meier (KM) survival analysis was carried out, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (ROC-AUC) were also calculated to evaluate the predictive ability of the model. Moreover, the relationships between the prognostic model and immune cell subpopulations, related functions and pathways and drug sensitivity were explored.
Results
A CRlncRNAs signature that included three lncRNAs was constructed. According to the risk score calculated by this signature, two risk groups were established. In HNSCC patients, the risk score was a better predictor of survival than traditional clinicopathological features. In addition, significant differences in immune cells such as B cells, T cells and macrophages were observed between the two groups. Finally, the high-risk group had a lower IC50 for certain chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin and cetuximab.
Conclusion
This 3 CRlncRNAs signature is a powerful prognostic biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses in HNSCC patients.
Assessing Medical Student Comfort with Telemedicine
Authors: Dadlani Akanksha , Bernstein Simone , Welton Randon
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Background: The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) notes a 154 percent increase in telemedicine use amongst healthcare providers between March 2019 and March 2020. While not formally incorporated into the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) accreditation standards, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) has made the provision of telemedicine services as an entrustable professional activity (EPA). Given the growth of telemedicine use, medical student comfort with the formalized EPAs was explored in this study.Methods: An IRB-approved 17-question, anonymous survey was created based on the AAMC’s EPAs and administered to students at Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED) over four weeks. The primary outcome of this study is to assess medical students’ self-reported telemedicine comfort levels.Results: The response rate was 141 students (22%). 57% of students describe that they were able to create equally as effective a therapeutic alliance using telemedicine compared to in-person appointments. 57% and 53% of students, respectively, felt they were able to gather information and diagnose patients using telemedicine compared to in person. 74% of respondents wish that telemedicine was formally taught in school. Conclusion: Most students believe they can effectively gather essential information, and counsel patients via telemedicine, but there was a notable decrease in confidence for medical students when comparing telemedicine and in-person care directly. Despite the EPAs created by the AAMC, students are not self-reporting the same comfort level with telemedicine as they are with in-person patient visits, so there are further opportunities for improvements in the telemedicine medicine school curriculum.Trial Registration: IRB Exemption approved on 02/28/22 by Northeast Ohio Medical University
The feasibility of a family-based judo program for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Garcia Jeanette M. , Perry Caitlyn T. , Murray Michelle L. , Lavery Kayla M. , Brazendale Keith , Fukuda David H.
Published: August 2022

This study examined the feasibility of a 15-week family-based judo program for youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Nine children and their parents participated in the family class, and eight children participated in the child-only class. Judo sessions were held once a week for 45 minutes. Feasibility measures included attendance records, retention rates, program implementation fidelity, and participant acceptability. The family class had a significantly higher attendance rate (13.22 ± .44 classes) compared to the child-only class (9.9 ± 2.5 classes, p = 0.007), with 100% of the family class attending at least 80% of the sessions, compared to 38% of the child-only class (p = 0.005). Parents from both classes felt the program was a positive experience, however, parents in the family class emphasized social benefits while parents from the child-only class highlighted physical benefits. Future studies should examine the benefits of a family judo program on children and participating family members.
Determination of eight Sterols in Rapeseed by Accelerated Solvent Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sun Peng , Wang Chao , Gao Yuling
Published: August 2022

For determination of cholesterol, cholestanol, rapeseed sterol, ergosterol, rapeseed sterol, stigmasterol-sitosterol, and stigmasterol in rapeseed, an accelerated solvent extraction followed gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique was developed. The sterols were isolated after derivatization and identified using accelerated solvent extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The results revealed a good linear relationship between the peak area and the corresponding mass concentration of the eight sterols in the range of 2-1000 mg/L, with correlation coefficients all greater than 0.9991, detection limits of 1.12–1.61 mg/kg, and quantification limits of 3.73–5.41 mg/kg, spiked recovery determination ranging from 5 to 20 mg/kg.The average recoveries were 89.5-105.2% at mg/kg supplemental level, and the precision was lower than 5.0%. The developed method was efficient, simple and accurate, and suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of eight sterol compounds in rapeseed, providing a method for rapid determination of sterol compounds in rapeseed.
Improvement of fertility in female mice by a single treatment with telomerase increasing compounds
Authors: Abramov Marina , Har-Vardi Iris , Assenheim Lee , Tsory Sylvia , Priel Esther
Published: August 2022

The need for pharmaceutical compounds that improve female fertility is crucial since many women that postpone childbearing today face a decline in their fertility. The essential role of telomerase in female fertility was previously demonstrated and the 4th generation of telomerase knockout mice are infertile. Therefore, increasing telomerase in the ovary may improve fertility by influencing folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation and ovulation processes. We used novel compounds (AGS) that transiently increased telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression and activity in vitro and in-vivo, to examine their effect on the folliculogenesis and ovulation processes in WT (TERT+/+) and TERT knock out (KO) mice. A single injection of AGS increased telomerase expression and activity in the WT mouse ovary, accelerated oocyte maturation and ovulation and increased the expression of fertility related genes. An increase in the plasma progesterone level and the gonadotropins hormones expression was also observed. The outcome of these enhancements is an increase in the number of embryos and offspring which exhibited a normal development and growth. In TERT KO mice AGS treatment did not affect the mouse ovary stage and the expression of specific genes. These data demonstrate the importance of the transient increase of telomerase in the ovary by pharmaceutical compounds for the improvement of female fertility.
Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Supply Chain Workers Wellbeing in Nigeria
Authors: Gbadgesin Adeolu , Afolayan Isaac Olayinka
Published: August 2022

Supply chain workers’ well-being was critically affected during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. During this period, workers were suspended, retrenched, and short-pay which tells on their personal, family, and household wellbeing. Therefore, this study qualitatively examined the impact of COVID-19 on Supply Chain workers' well-being in Nigeria. The study was carried out in Agbara Industrial Estate in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study adopted a phenomenological research methodology to explore and provide an in-depth description of participants’ well-being experiences during COVID 19 pandemic. In total, 150 participants were selected randomly from the study area. Both Atlas.ti 7.0 and In Vivo software were used to transcript the interview while analysis was done qualitatively. The findings of the study revealed that most respondents consented that they went through difficulties in feeding themselves and their families during the pandemic due to their job loss and short payment. The study concluded that the supply chain workers were retrenched/short-pays during the period of COVID 19 and they were not adequately catered for their well-being in terms of food and health care. The study recommends that the supply chain companies can support an inclusive COVID-19 recovery for workers.
The Mediating Role of Social Support on the Relationship between Stress and Anxiety with Coping Mechanisms Among University Students in a COVID-19 Mandatory Confined Environment in Malaysia
Authors: Kasirye Faiswal , Ssemuddu Imran
Published: August 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Prevalence and circumstances of dog bites in Poland – a longitudinal study
Authors: Wierzbowska Izabela A. , Hędrzak Magdalena , Tallian Aimee G. , Basak Sayantani M.
Published: August 2022

Most animal bites in humans are caused by domestic dogs, making dog bite-related injuries a serious public health and safety concern globally. However, till date there is no comprehensive research regarding the occurrence of dog bites, and incidence of exposure to rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in Poland. Thus, the main goal of the study was to examine incidents of dog bites in humans and the potential risk of rabies in Poland between 1994-2018. Our results showed that the mean annual dog bite incidence rate in Poland was 13 people per 100000 inhabitants, with ~5000 people vaccinated annually post exposure. Children were more likely to be bitten than adults, and males were more likely than females. People were more likely to be bitten by mongrels followed by German Shepherds. However, most of the bite incidents included dogs that were free-ranging or stray, highlighting the difficulty in regulating the vaccination status of the dog and consequently the likelihood of people meeting a rabid animal. Therefore, we recommend increasing stray dog captureefforts to decrease the incidence of dog bites and potential exposure to rabies. Furthermore, official reporting of all cases of dog bites by associated stakeholders involved in data collection would be effective.
Skeletal muscle oxygenation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation as a predictor of return of spontaneous circulation: a pilot study
Authors: Košir Miha , Možina Hugon , Podbregar Matej
Published: August 2022

BackgroundNear-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides regional tissue oxygenation (rSO2) even in pulseless states such as out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Brain rSO2 seems to be important predictor of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Aim of our study was to explore feasibility for monitoring and detecting changes of skeletal muscle rSO2 during resuscitation.MethodsSkeletal muscle and brain rSO2 were measured by NIRS (SenSmart Model X-100, Nonin, USA) during CPR in adult patient with OHCA. Start (basal) rSO2, maximal during CPR (maximal), difference between maximal-minimal rSO2 (delta-rSO2), and at the end of CPR (end-CPR rSO2) were recorded. Patients were divided into ROSC and NO-ROSC group.Results20 patients (age: 66.0ys (60.5–79.5), 65% male) with OHCA (50% witnessed, 70% BLS, time to ALS 13.5min (11.0–19.0)) were finally analyzed. 10 patients were excluded due to violation of protocol or technical difficulties. ROSC was confirmed in 5 (25%) patients. Basal, maximal and end-CPR skeletal muscle rSO2 were higher in ROSC compared to NO-ROSC group (49.0% (39.7–53.7) vs. 15.0% (12.0-25.2), p = 0.006; 76.0% (52.7–80.5) vs. 34.0% (18.0-49.5), p = 0.005; 72.0% (48.7–74.7) vs. 16.0% (12.0–35.0), p = 0.002, respectively). There was weak relationship between time of collapse and basal skeletal muscle rSO2 in witnessed OHCA (n = 7, rho: -0.750, p = 0.0522). There was correlation between maximal skeletal muscle and brain rSO2(n = 18, rho: 0.578, P = 0.0121).ConclusionsRecording of skeletal muscle rSO2 during CPR in patients with OHCA is feasible. Basal, maximal and end-CPR skeletal muscle rSO2 were higher in ROSC compared to NO-ROSC group.Clinical trial registration number:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04058925, registered on: 16th August 2019. URL of trial registry record: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04058925?titles=Tissue+Oxygenation+During+Cardiopulmonary+Resuscitation+as+a+Predictor+of+Return+of+Spontaneous+Circulation&draw=2&rank=1
A high-throughput single-particle imaging platform for antibody characterization and a novel competition assay for therapeutic antibodies
Authors: Seymour Elif , Unlu M. Selim , Connor John H.
Published: August 2022

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) play an important role in diagnostics and therapy of infectious diseases. Here we utilize a single-particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (SP-IRIS) for screening 30 mAbs against Ebola and Lassa viruses (EBOV and LASV) to find out the ideal capture antibodies for whole virus detection using recombinant VSV (rVSV) models expressing surface glycoproteins of EBOV and LASV. We also make use of the binding properties on SP-IRIS to develop a model for mapping the antibody epitopes on the glycoprotein structure. mAbs that bind to mucin-like domain or glycan cap of the EBOV surface glycoprotein show the highest signal on SP-IRIS, followed by mAbs that target the GP1-GP2 interface at the base domain. These antibodies were shown to be highly efficacious against EBOV infection in non-human primates in previous studies. For LASV detection, 8.9F antibody showed the best performance on SP-IRIS. This antibody binds to a unique region on the surface glycoprotein compared to other 15 mAbs tested. In addition, we demonstrate a novel antibody competition assay using SP-IRIS and rVSV-EBOV models to reveal the competition between mAbs in three successful therapeutic mAb cocktails against EBOV infection. We provide an explanation as to why ZMapp cocktail has higher efficacy compared to other two cocktails by showing that three mAbs in this cocktail (13C6, 2G4, 4G7) do not compete with each other for binding to EBOV GP. In fact, binding of 13C6 enhances the binding of 2G4 and 4G7 antibodies. SP-IRIS is a versatile tool that can provide high-throughput screening of mAbs, multiplexed and sensitive detection of viruses, and evaluation of therapeutic antibody cocktails.
Berberine reduces enteroglial-derived S100B production to alleviate gut vascular barrier damage
Authors: Feng Aiwen , He Yan , Kang Yutian , Ma Minghui , Qiu Jiasheng , Zhou Jun
Published: August 2022

Gut vascular barrier (GVB) controls the systemic dissemination of bacteria. Enteric glial cells (EGCs) in mucosa as a component of gut vascular unit can amplify inflammation via S100B. Berberine (BBR) is an alkaloid that can alleviate gut inflammation and regulate EGCs activity. In this study, we aimed to unravel the mechanism by which BBR inhibited EGCs-derived S100B generation to protect GVB. In vivo BBR was given via oral gavage to mice who were subjected to 40% total body surface area burns. In vitro BBR, S100B and caspase-8 inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK were used to treat mouse intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (MIMECs). The results showed that (1) BBR lowered serum S100B concentration and decreased S100B accumulation in colonic mucosa; (2) BBR and S100B monoclonal antibody (S100BmAb) lowered burn-induced GVB hyperpermeability; (3) BBR antagonized the effect of S100B enema on GVB permeability; (4) S100B and Z-IETD-FMK increased the permeability of MIMECs and reduced the expression of caspase-8, β-catenin, occludin and VE-cadherin in MIMECs, while these effects of S100B were effectively antagonized by BBR treatment; (5) Z-IETD-FMK inhibited β-catenin expression in MIMECs. Collectively, our findings showed that S100B accumulation in gut mucosa damaged GVB, and BBR treatment alleviated GVB damage via modulation of caspase-8/β-catenin signaling pathways.
Novel Formulation and Evaluation of Poly Herbal Mosquito Repellent
Authors: GUPTA DEEPAK KUMAR , Gupta Revathi , Tiwari Akhilesh
Published: August 2022

Aromatic plants produce chemicals that they use to resist phytophagous attacks Mosquito with various pathways, such as repellents, protective eating, metabolites and development Controllers etc. Now, present-day conditions result in the burgeoning need for natural mosquito repellents that would have cheap, reliable, non-toxic, environmentally safe, and biodegradable attributes. Driven by the global need to move forward, mosquito repellent candle and Mosquito repellent gel formulation based on carbopol 934 was prepared from the Origanum Majorana, Tanacetum Cinerarifolium, Juniperus Communis, Scented Geranium, Thuja Occidentalis L., Tecoma Stans (L.), Artenmisia Arborescent, And Calamintha Acinos and They are further tested for their size, pH, viscosity, spread ability, extrudability, swelling index and accelerated tests. The prepared candle was tested for flammability and was burnt Performance with respect to burning time and consequently its efficacy Spotting operation. Candle in flammability check was performed to Checks its consistent laboratory combustibility. Basic Therefore, on performance, the time taken to light the candle and its Causal symptoms such as pain, coughing has been reported and recorded in identified mosquitoes vulnerable at night and in the field above. Throughout many developed countries, where most residents have little exposure to mosquito net, high-cost mosquito repellent creams, and miscellaneous physical approaches, this formulation of gel may be an efficient, affordable, and easily accessible way to deter mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, etc. in the lower parts of society.
Research on thermal error modeling of CNC milling head for five-axis machine tools based on GA-ACO optimized BP neural network
Authors: Dai Ye , Li Yang , Zhan Shiqiang , Li Zhaolong , Jiang Yupeng , Mao Xintao
Published: August 2022

The predictive performance of the thermal error model determines real-time compensation effect of the Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling head, and the identification of temperature-sensitive points directly affects the robustness of the modeling. Therefore, a genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm optimization based BP neural network (GA-ACO-BPNN) model is proposed to improve the generalization and robustness of the thermal error prediction model. This research Takes the 5AS milling head as the research object, the thermal characteristics are analyzed to determine its temperature field distribution. The K-means + + algorithm and gray correlation analysis are used to reduce 11 temperature measurement points to 4, which improves the input quality of the model. Combined with GA and ACO to search for optimal parameters of the BP network, it overcomes the problems of slow convergence speed and quickly falls into local extremes. Compared with the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) model and ACO-BPNN model, the average value of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the Z-directional thermal errors predicted by the GA-ACO-BPNN model is reduced by 45.3% and 58.3%; and the average value of Mean Absolute Error (MAE) is decreased by 65.2% and 53.8%, respectively.
Is the supine position suitable for ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with complex renal stones?
Authors: Xiao Bo , Zeng Xue , Zhang Gang , Ji Chaoyue , Jin Song , Bai Wenjie , Tang Yuzhe , Wang Bixiao , Li Jianxing
Published: August 2022

IntroductionTo assess the safety and efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for complex renal stones when performed in a modified supine position.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients who underwent PCNL for complex renal stones at our institution between August 2018 and December 2021. During this time, 188 consecutive patients underwent US-guided PCNL in the prone position (P group, n=129) or in the flank-free modified supine position (S group, n=59). Patient demographics and intraoperative and postoperative data were analyzed.ResultsSuccessful renal access was achieved in all patients. The baseline demographics were comparable between the two groups. The numbers of renal access was significantly higher (2.1±0.4 vs 1.2±0.2, p=0.002) and the operation time was comparable (79.1±14.6 minutes vs 96.2±19.6 minutes, p=0.06) between the two groups. The postoperative hospital stay was also shorter in the P group (6.2±1.5 d vs 10.2±1.7 d, p=0.008). The postoperative hemoglobin loss was similar between the P and S groups (1.7±0.4 g/dl vs 1.8±0.3 g/dl, p=0.12). The stone-free rate (SFR) was significantly lower in the S group (57.5% vs 82.7%, p<0.001). There were no embolization or septic complications. Twelve patients (20.3%) in the S group underwent simultaneous or staged retrograde flexible ureteroscopy to remove residual stones.ConclusionUS-guided PCNL in the modified supine position was a safe treatment for complex renal stones. However, the single-session stone clearance rate was not ideal. The supine flank-free position may be unsuitable for US-guided PCNL in patients with complex renal stones.
The Effect of War on Expaned Program on Immunization in North East Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Mezen Muluemebet Kassa , Lemlem Getasew Assefa , Biru Yemisrach Belete , Yimer Abebaw Mengesha
Published: August 2022

Background
Population affected by war experience severe public health consequences like displacement, food scarcity, collapse of infrastructure and basic health services. Furthermore, war greatly hinders health programs to be implemented by governmental and non-governmental organizations. One of the programs which face great challenge is the expanded program of immunization which has become crucial due to the emergence of different communicable diseases.
Objective
To assess the dropout rate of immunization after the war, identify associated factors for the dropout and explore the reasons behind for the dropout among under two children in North Wollo zone, Northeast Ethiopia 2022.
Method
A cross-sectional study mixed with phenomenological study design was utilized and the study was conducted in North Wollo zone, Northeast Ethiopia from April to June 2022.
Results
A total of 449 mothers with their children were included in the final analysis which made a response rate of 97%. Only half (50.3%) of the mothers heard about catch-up vaccine. Lost family member due to the war triples the risk of drop out of immunization (AOR: 3.11, 95%CI: 1.63, 5.93) and mothers who never heard about catch-up vaccine are two times more likely to drop out of immunization (AOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.39, 3.43).
Conclusions
The dropout rate from immunization is above the WHO cut point. Place of childbirth, hearing about catch-up vaccine, residence, length of the war in the area, and loss of family member due to war were predictors of drop out of immunization.
Investigating the Strength Recovery of Additively Manufactured Components Repaired Utilizing a 3D Printing Pen
Authors: Koren Kyle , Olajoyegbe Toluwalase , Kames Elisabeth , Morkos Beshoy W , Gutierrez Hector
Published: August 2022

The adoption of additive manufacturing methods is becoming prevalent in industry as they continue to increase intelligent technology automation [1] . However, this increase in unique service components will warrant the need for more flexible repair methods. This is particularly important for components that are difficult to access or disassemble – thus requiring an on-site or on-assembly repair. This paper introduces the use of 3D printing pens as a means to perform repair to additively manufactured components. A study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using a 3D printing pen in maintenance, repair and overhaul applications on polymer-based service products. A series of tensile tests were conducted on printed specimens, pre- and post-repair, to examine the tensile retention of the mended region. Results indicate significant retention in tensile strength in the mended specimens, supporting the notion of the pen’s relevance in repair and overhaul applications. Specimens that fractured within the repair region were seen to have retained (81 ± 10) % of their original tensile strength while specimens that fractured outside the region retained (86 ± 4) %. Considering the limited control of the study, results acquired encourage further analysis of the underlying mechanisms in the process, with the intent to exploit this approach more efficiently for practical structure-based repair applications.
Design of four-element MIMO antenna system for intelligent internet of everything (IIoE)
Authors: DKIOUAK Aziz , OUAHABI Mohssine EL , ZAKRITI Alia , CHAKKOR Saad , BAGHOURI Mostafa
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the design of four-element Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system has been proposed for intelligent internet of Everything (IIoE) and high-speed data applications. The presented antenna design operates at 4.9 GHz (5G millimeter wave applications) with high isolation in a small size. Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS), slot modification and orthogonal polarization are used to create the desired frequency band, improve the impedance bandwidth and enhance the isolation between the antenna elements at 4.9 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, the usefulness of the proposed MIMO antenna has been verified by comparing the simulated and the measured results using a fabricated version of the considered 4x4 MIMO antenna. In addition, the results indicate a high diversity performance in terms of: Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) and Total Channel Capacity Loss (CCLTotal).
Essential oils as natural biocide against common brown- and white-rot fungi in degradation of wood products: antifungal activity evaluation by in vitro and FTIR analysis
Authors: Vettraino Anna Maria , Zikeli Florian , Humar Miha , Biscontri Margherita , Bergamasco Sara , Romagnoli Manuela
Published: August 2022

Use of wood products in bio-building is increasing because of the raw material´s sustainability and renewability. Degradation of wood by fungi is one of the most significant threats in the use of wooden structures. In the past, degradation was prevented by the application of wood preservatives or the use of durable tropical species. Therefore, wood preservation by fossil-based compounds and heavy metals is one of the major issues. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of four essential oils of thyme species (Thymus capitatus, Coridothymus capitatus, T. vulgaris and T. vulgaris Demeter) against two white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus) and two brown-rot fungi (Poria monticola and Gloeophyllum trabeum). The thyme varietieséssential oils differed in their chemical composition, with either carvacrol, thymol or p-cymene as major components. All four essential oils showed good antifungal activities, in which T. capitatus was the most toxic when applied against P. monticola (MIC of 0.05) and the most efficient inhibiting the growth of the other fungal strains. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to investigate fungal cell wall structure under control and stress conditions. The results are a further step towards more eco-friendly solutions for preserving less durable wood products more frequently used in bio-building.
PGC-1α affects Epileptic Seizures by regulating Mitochondrial Fusion in Epileptic Rats
Authors: Li Dongxu , Zhang Linhang , Zhang Fan , Tai Zhenzhen , Liu Xiping , Qiu Xiaowei , Zhang Haiqing , Yang Juan , Wang Jing , Luo Zhong , Xu Zucai
Published: August 2022

Background
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), regulated by AMPK, is an important regulator of mitochondrial fusion. At present, whether the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway regulates mitochondrial dynamics in epileptic rats is still unknown.
Methods
Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups: the control group (0.9% saline, n = 5), the EP groups (lithium-pilocarpine was used to induce epilepsy, and tissues were harvested at 6 and 24 h, every time point n = 5), the EP + Compound C group (the specific inhibitor of PGC-1α, 15 mg/kg in 2% DMSO, n = 5), and the EP + DMSO group (0.9% saline + 2% DMSO, n = 5). To observe the seizure susceptibility of the rats to epilepsy by behavioral study. MFN1, MFN2, and PGC-1α were measured using the Western blot and the immunofluorescence analysis.
Results
In this study, the behavioral results indicate that the seizure susceptibility of the rats to epilepsy was increased when the expression of PGC-1α was inhibited. Subsequently, Western blot results suggested that the expression level of both MFN1 and MFN2 in the hippocampus was higher at 6 and 24 h after an epileptic seizure. Besides, the expression of PGC-1α and MFN2 was significantly decreased in the hippocampus when the epileptic rats were treated with Compound C. Furthermore, the immunofluorescence analysis of the localization of MFN1/2 and PGC-1α showed that MFN1/2 was mainly expressed in neurons but not astrocytes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats. Meanwhile, PGC-1α colocalized with the excitatory post-synaptic marker PSD95, suggesting that PGC-1α may regulate the seizure susceptibility of the rats by mediating excitatory post-synaptic signaling.
Conclusion
The AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway may play an important role in the lithium-pilocarpine-induced epileptic rat model by mediating the expression of fusion proteins.
Fates of Nitrogenous Contaminants of Eutrophic Waters Using Laboratory Microcosm Method in Interception-Activation-Combined Bioreactors
Authors: Yu Sheng , Li Bangyu , Zhu Xiaobin , Chen Yihu , Zhang Liming , Li Jun , Zhang Yanpo , Li Chengyi
Published: August 2022

For understanding the internal transformations of the nitrogen in nitrogenous contaminants like ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) in natural waters, the remediation effects of the designed reactors on NH3-N, NO2-N and NO3-N were well carried out, respectively. It was not like the NO3-N contaminants which would be rapidly whittled down within any concentrations of this experiment, meanwhile the concentrations of the NH3-N and NO3-N contaminants were respectively reduced by nitrification and denitrification from 5.00 mg/L and 10.00 mg/L in influents under the conditions of dissolved oxygen concentrations of 5.0 ± 0.6 mg/L and the redox potential (ORP) about + 213 ± 37 mV at 20.0 ± 0.5℃ of water temperature to no more than 2.0 mg/L in effluents. Both NH3-N and NO3-N concentrations were under the limited concentrations of the level V of GB 3838 − 2002 with the help of the aerobic granular sludges (AGS) cultured and collected from the interception-reaction galleries (IRG) of the reactors of characteristics of 0.20–2.00 mm in statistical particle diameter (93 ± 4% m/m), ash contents of 7 ± 5% m/m and the degradation capacities of 0.88 ± 0.13 (mg nitrogen)/(mg sludge). Thereafter, it was not decreased as expected to the finial acceptable concentration of the prospective value of 2.00 mg/L with the original concentration of 15.00 mg/L in influents. Thus, the processes of the nitrogenous contaminants could be remediated within the concentrations of the rage of no more than 10.00 mg/L, especially both NH3-N and NO3-N to friendlily purify the natural waters without any other exogenous powers and more energy consumptions to the environment.
Genomic and immunogenomic analysis of three prognostic signature genes in LUAD
Authors: Feng Haiming , Zhao Ye , Yan Weijian , Li Bin
Published: August 2022

Background
Searching for immunotherapy- related markers is an important research content to screen for target populations suitable for immunotherapy. Prognosis-related genes in early stage lung cancer may also affect the tumor immune microenvironment, which in turn affects immunotherapy.
Results
We analyzed the differential genes affecting lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy through the Cancer Treatment Response gene signature DataBase (CTR-DB), and set a threshold to obtain a total of 176 differential genes between response and non-response to immunotherapy. Functional enrichment analysis found that these differential genes were mainly involved in immune regulation-related pathways. The early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) prognostic model was constructed through the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database, and three target genes (MMP12, NFE2, HOXC8) were screened to calculate the risk score of early-stage LUAD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that the model had good prognostic value, and the validation set (GSE50081) from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) analysis indicated that the model had good stability, and the risk score was correlated with immune infiltrations to varying degrees. Multi-type survival analysis and immune infiltration analysis revealed that the transcriptome, methylation and the copy number variation (CNV) levels of the three genes were correlated with patient prognosis and some tumor microenvironment (TME) components. Drug sensitivity analysis found that the three genes may affect some anti-tumor drugs. The mRNA expression of immune checkpoint-related genes showed significant differences between the high and low group of the three genes, and there may be a mutual regulatory network between immune checkpoint-related genes and target genes. Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) analysis found that three genes were associated with immunotherapy response and maybe the potential predictors to immunotherapy, consistent with the CTR-DB database analysis.
Conclusions
From the perspective of data mining, this study suggests that MMP12, NFE2, and HOXC8 may be involved in tumor immune regulation and affect immunotherapy. They are expected to become markers of immunotherapy and are worthy of further experimental research.
System of Additive Functional Equations in Banach Algebras
Authors: DEHGHANIAN MEHDI , PARK CHOONKIL , SAYYARI YAMIN
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we solve the system of functional equations f (x + y) + g(y − x) = 2f (x) g(x + y) − f (y − x) = 2g(y) and we investigate the stability of g-derivations in Banach algebras.
Study on the theory of AB-oil formation and its heat generation calculation model in ball bearings
Authors: Zhang Wenliang , Xie Xiaopeng , Huang Heng , Gao Guogang
Published: August 2022

Since the lubricant ejected from the oil-air lubrication system contains a large number of air bubbles. So the viscosity properties of the lubricant are changed, which in turn affects the heat generation of the ball bearing. In this paper, Fluent simulation and theoretical study were used to ascertain the formation of air bubble oil (AB-oil) in pipeline, and the void fraction of AB-oil was determined by image analysis. Theoretical analysis and experiment show that the key influencing factor of AB-oil formation is the velocity difference between air and lubricant, and the void fraction of AB-oil was affected by pipeline length, viscosity, air pressure and oil feeding. Meanwhile, the viscosity properties of AB-oil were tested by using a rheometer. The research found that AB-oil exhibits different viscosity properties at different shear rates, and then the relationships between the void fraction and viscosity at different shear rates were attained by fitting the experimental data. Based on the numerical relationship between the void fraction and viscosity, the heat generation calculation model of ball bearings was established and verified by self-made bearing testing machine.
Object Mapping for Obsolete characterization in their variation of changing movements
Authors: Pradeep M. , Naveen N
Published: August 2022

Mapping of an image with a dataset for categorizing the order provides variation in the movement, for computing service to acquire the model for arranging the dataset. To order model position in a dataset for computing the method in a image that sequence the order in a generating function. In order to distribute the object position of changing movements, that incurs the cross sectional fact on various position sequence. Instance to collaborate with the order of movements in various position that map the image order in position from the sequence. Order with the mapped image for order the movement position in a generated function that possess the model sequence in a coordinate generated function, mapping objects should be variable in the existing system. In the Proposed method, in the coordinate generated function in the darkened area with the minimum level as origin mapped with the ordered in the reduced sequence, Order a map to coordinate function renders the movement mapped with the function that acquire relation mapped in the order generated function.Sequence the variational coordinates in the mapped function that originate from 148963.21 in a marked value to attain those features in a darkened area with associate function.
Successful treatment of Klebsiella variicola invasive liver abscess syndrome with intracranial infection and septic shock: first reported case
Authors: Zhang Pin Jie , Cao Li Jun , Chen Hu , Sun Yun
Published: August 2022

Klebsiella variicola (K. variicola) is a member of the Klebsiella genus and often misidentified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this report, we present a rare case of invasive liver abscess syndrome caused by K. variicola, complicated with intracranial infection and septic shock. 57-year-old female patient developed fever, liver abscess, septic shock, intracranial infection. The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations on admission confirmed a diagnosis of K. variicola primary liver abscess. The ultimately cured patient benefited from early percutaneous drainage of the abscess, prompt appropriate antibiotic administration and timely open surgical drainage. As far as we know, this is the first case of successful treatment of K. variicola invasive liver abscess syndrome in the world. The findings of this report point to the need for further study of epidemiology, risk factors, complications, and treatment of this disease.
IL-37 alleviates Coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis: possible relationship with inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and NF-κB, and increasing IL-37-IL-1R8-IL-18RA complex
Authors: Sun Lin , Yuan Haitao , Zhao Gang
Published: August 2022

IL-37 is identified as a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine, which has been shown to alleviate several autoimmune diseases. Our study aims to verify the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of IL-37 in Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced viral myocarditis (VMC). We established the VMC model by intraperitoneal injection of CVB3 on day 0. IL-37 was injected on day 4 and day 7. The cardiac function was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography on day 9. Myocardial injury was measured by Elisa for serum cTnI. The inflammation infiltration and fibrosis were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining. The expression levels of NLRP3, ASC dimer, cleaved caspase 1, IL-1β, IL-18, and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) were determined by western blot, Elisa, and immunofluorescent analysis. Compared with the VMC group, mice received CVB3 and IL-37 have improved cardiac function and reduced inflammation infiltration and fibrosis. Compared with the VMC group, we observed lower expression of cTnI, IL-1β, IL-18 and NLRP3 inflammasome component in mice received CVB3 and IL-37 by Elisa and western blot. And IL-37 treatment notably weakened the upregulation of GSDMD induced by CVB3. And IL-37 significantly weakened the up-regulation and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 induced by CVB3. We also found that exogenous addition of IL-37 further increases the production of IL-37-IL-1R8 -IL-18RA complex on the basis of CVB3 in vitro. Our findings indicate that IL-37 alleviates CVB3-induced VMC, which may be produced by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, NF-κB signaling pathway, and IL-37-IL-1R8 -IL-18RA complex.
Mendelian randomization research investigated the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of myocardial infarction
Authors: Liu Meijia , Sun Xueqing , Li Longbo , Wang Guan , Shi Yongfeng
Published: August 2022

Background
Observational research has shown inconclusively that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and myocardial infarction (MI) are related. The relationship between NAFLD and MI is yet unclear. We used the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to examine the causal relationship between NAFLD and MI.
Method
Genetics tools were used in the study and were derived from publicly available genetic summary data from meta-analyses. There is a strong association between NAFLD and five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). MR analyses were conducted using the inverse variance weighted technique, weighted median method, MR-Egger regression, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum, and Outlier test.
Results
Inverse variance weighted (OR = 1.01, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) = 0.86–1.75, p = 0.94), MR-Egger regression (OR = 0.77, 95 percent CI = 0.66–0.90, p = 0.084), and weighted median method (OR = 0.95, 95 percent CI = 0.91-1.00, p = 0.068) analyses failed to provide any direct evidence that NAFLD increases the risk of MI.
Conclusions
The thorough MR study revealed that there might not be a causal association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of myocardial infarction.
Forecasting Deterioration of Mental Health during COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown - Examples from NepalJyoti U. Devkota 1, 1Department of Mathematics, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal, e-mail : drjdevkota@ku.edu.npORCID ID: 0000-0001-5293-1753
Authors: Devkota Jyoti U.
Published: August 2022

Here, mental health during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown is studied. Multivariate statistics techniques namely, Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used. This study is based on a primary data. This data has information on 38 variables related to mental health. Some of the variables used in SEM are, Worry about food, Eat limited variety of food, Eat food that you did not want to eat, Eat smaller meal, Eat fewer meal, No food to eat of any kind, Affected my routine, Limited my social life, Reduced my travelling, Increased my household food consumption, Increased food shortage, Disturbed my sleeping pattern, Increased financial uncertainty, Decreased earning and income, Had fears of losing my job, Depressed due to uncertainty, Anxious due to uncertainty, Afraid of getting COVID-19, Afraid of losing my life and my relatives life, New and Media increased my tension, I am afraid of COVID outbreak and Stress level and anxiety level increased. Here three models were tested. The best model gave top values in terms of model efficiency parameters. This model is also represented with the help of path diagram. CCA predicted the relationship between the two groups of variables. These two groups are Cause and Effect of Deterioration in Mental Health. In SEM and CCA, model validation was done by drawing random samples of size 400.
DTL is a novel downstream gene of E2F1 and promotes the progress of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Dong Ruiqiang , Zhang Danhua , Han Baowei , Xu Lingxue , Zhang Danfeng , Cheng Zhenguo , Qiu Xinguang
Published: August 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world and accounts for approximately 90% of primary liver cancer. Recently, denticleless E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog (DTL) exhibited increasing expression in several cancers, while its function and regulatory mechanism is still unclear. By bioinformatics analysis, this study demonstrated the elevated mRNA expression of DTL complex including DTL, CUL4B (Cullin 4B) and DDB1 (Damage Specific DNA Binding Protein 1) were associated with the overall survival of HCC patients. Subsequently data showed DTL protein was also elevated in HCC tissues, patients with high expression and nucleus location had poor prognosis. Knocking-down DTL significantly inhibited the cancer proliferation, migration and invasion. Further experiments revealed E2F1 (E2F Transcription Factor 1) is an upstream regulatory molecule of DTL, which could bind to DTL promoter and promoted DTL expression. E2F1-DTL signaling axis promoted the growth, migration and invasion of HCC cells. Totally, this study not only enriches the regulatory mechanism of E2F1 and DTL, but also provides a new theoretical basis and potential biological target for the treatment of liver cancer in the future.
RETRACTED: Effects of Some Climatic Factors on Soil Moisture in Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) Stands With Different Crown Closure Classes
Authors: AYDIN Miraç , HINIS Adem Sinan
Published: August 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Severe macular complications in glaucoma: high-resolution multimodal imaging characteristics and review of the literature
Authors: Lama Hugo , Pâques Michel , Brasnu Emmanuelle , Vu Jade , Chaumette Céline , Dupas Bénédicte , Fardeau Christine , Chehaibou Ismaël , Rouland Jean-François , Besombes Guillaume , LABETOULLE Marc , Labbé Antoine , Rousseau Antoine
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To describe imaging characteristics of severe macular complications occurring in glaucoma and discuss available treatments.Methods: Retrospective case series of glaucomatous patients with macular retinoschisis (MR) and/or serous retinal detachment (SRD). Patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination and multimodal imaging including retinography, SD-OCT, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography (FA & ICGA) and adaptive optics (AO). Results: Ten eyes (8 patients) were included. Initial BCVA was 1.04 ± 1.12 logMAR and IOP was 24.0 ± 9.3mmHg. All eyes presented with MR while SRD was present in 5 eyes (5 patients), with a central macular thickness of 573 ± 152mm. FA and ICGA allowed to exclude leakage in all cases. A focal lamina cribrosa defect (LCD) was found in four eyes (4 patients) using OCT, with AO providing en-face visualization of the defect in one eye. Outer retinal hole was present in 3 eyes (3 patients). No visual improvement or resolution of the macular retinoschisis was observed in eyes with medical or surgical IOP control (N = 9). Vitrectomy with internal membrane limiting peeling and gas tamponade was performed in one eye with good visual results. Conclusions: Multimodal high-resolution imaging is essential to diagnose severe macular complications associated with advanced glaucoma.