bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transition Metal Catalysis as Methods for the Elaboration of Phosphorus Heterocycles
Authors: Fourgeaud Pierre , Vors Jean‐Pierre , Virieux David
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Supramolecular Assemblies Based on the 2‐Ureido‐4{1H}‐pyrimidinone Building Block
Authors: Wang Sumin , Wu Lizhu , Zhang Liping , Tung Chenho
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Equilibrium Nanostructures from Hydrogen and Coordinative Bonds
Authors: Plater M. John , Sinclair James P. , Aiken Stuart , Ronaldson Vicki E. , Ng Huey M. , Gelbrich Thomas , Hursthouse Michael B.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Cycloaddition Reactions Catalyzed by Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Rawal Viresh H. , Thadani Avinash N.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Catalysis with Chiral Acid
Authors: Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Shibasaki Masakatsu , Matsunaga Shigeki
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ammonium, Amidinium, Guanidinium, and Pyridinium Cations
Authors: Schrader Thomas , Maue Michael
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Immobilized Chiral Ligands on Polymer Supports and Their Application to Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: El‐Shehawy Ashraf A. , Itsuno Shinichi
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metal‐Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation of Alkynes, Alkynyl Ketones and Alkynyl Enone Derivatives: New Trends
Authors: Rosas Noe , Arias Jose Luis , Cabrera Armando
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reduction and Oxidation Through Hydrogen Transfer Reactions
Authors: Ravasio Nicoletta , Zaccheria Federica , Fusi Achille , Psaro Rinaldo
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Dirhodium(II) Catalysts and Their Applications
Authors: Timmons Daren J. , Doyle Michael P.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Journey from 12‐Vertex to 14‐Vertex Carboranes and to 15‐Vertex Metallacarboranes
Authors: Deng Liang , Xie Zuowei
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intermolecular Hydroacylation by Transition‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Jun Chul‐Ho , Jo Eun‐Ae , Park Jung‐Woo
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Applications of the CuI‐Catalyzed Huisgen Azide—Alkyne 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction in Carbohydrate Chemistry
Authors: Dedola Simone , Nepogodiev Sergey A. , Field Robert A.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cation‐Exchanged Montmorillonites as Solid Acid Catalysts for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Kaneda Kiyotomi
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Hydration of Alkynes and Its Application in Synthesis
Authors: Hintermann Lukas , Labonne Aurelie
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Axial Coordination to Metalloporphyrins Leading to Multinuclear Assemblies
Authors: Bouamaied Imenne , Coskun Timur , Stulz Eugen
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Anionic Polymerization of (Meth)acrylate Monomers Initiated with Ligated Systems, Metalloporphyrins and Lanthanocenes
Authors: Vlcek Petr
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Polyhedral Octasilsesquioxanes: New Challenges
Authors: Matisons Janis G. , Constantopoulos Kristina T. , Simon George
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Widening the Usefulness of Epoxides and Aziridines in Synthesis
Authors: Hodgson David M. , Humphreys Philip G. , Hughes Steven P.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Biomimetic Synthesis via Polyepoxide Cyclizations
Authors: McDonald Frank E. , Tong Rongbiao , Valentine Jason C. , Bravo Fernando
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Advances in Molecular and Supramolecular Fullerene Chemistry
Authors: Martin Nazario , Solladie Nathalie , Nierengarten Jean‐Francois
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Introduction to Chemical Proteomics for Drug Discovery and Development
Authors: Han Sung‐Young , Kim Seong Hwan
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Fabrication of Giant Nanomembranes
Authors: Watanabe Hirohmi , Vendamme Richard , Kunitake Toyoki
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Expression and function of erythropoietin receptors in tumors
Authors: Sinclair Angus M. , Todd Marque D. , Forsythe Kevin , Knox Susan J. , Elliott Steve , Begley C. Glenn
Published: June 2007

Safety concerns surrounding the use of recombinant human erythropoietin (Epo) to treat anemia in cancer patients were raised after 2 recent clinical studies reported a worse survival outcome in patients who received epoetin α or epoetin β compared with patients who received placebo. Although those findings contrasted with previous clinical studies, which demonstrated no difference in survival for cancer patients who received erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs), some investigators have suggested a potential role for ESAs in promoting tumor growth through 1) stimulation of Epo receptors (EpoR) expressed in tumors, 2) stimulation and formation of tumor vessels, and/or 3) enhanced tumor oxygenation. The first and second hypotheses appeared to be supported by some EpoR expression and ESA in vitro studies. However, these conclusions have been challenged because of poor specificity of EpoR‐detection methodologies, conflicting data from different groups, and the lack of correlation between in vitro data and in vivo findings in animal tumor models. For this report, the authors reviewed the biology of EpoR in erythropoiesis and compared and contrasted the reported findings on the role of ESAs and EpoR in tumors. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Metastases to the breast from nonbreast solid neoplasms
Authors: Williams Stephanie A. , Ehlers Richard A. , Hunt Kelly K. , Yi Min , Kuerer Henry M. , Singletary S. Eva , Ross Merrick I. , Feig Barry W. , Symmans W. Fraser , Meric‐Bernstam Funda
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND.

Metastasis to the breast is rare, but it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of a breast mass. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with this entity to identify determinants of survival.

METHODS.

Between 1983 and 1998, 169 patients were confirmed by pathology to have metastasis to the breast from nonbreast solid organ primary tumors at University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for clinicopathological characteristics. Survival was determined by Kaplan‐Meier analysis.

RESULTS.

The median age was 51 years (range, 13–85). One hundred forty‐nine (88.2%) patients had a prior history of cancer. Ninety‐one (53.9%) patients presented with additional systemic metastases. The most common histology identified was melanoma (65 patients, 38.5%). In most patients (77%), the diagnosis was initially made through physical examination. The median survival from the time the breast metastasis was diagnosed was 10 months (range, 0.4–192.7). On univariate analysis, a significantly better survival was observed in patients who had no evidence of other disease at the time of diagnosis (P = .0036), patients with neuroendocrine tumors (P = .023), and patients who underwent surgical resection for breast metastases (P = .0001). On multivariate analysis, patients who did not have surgery were 88% more likely to die than those who did (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS.

Expected survival with metastasis to the breast is poor, therefore, local therapy should be tailored to each individual. The association between overall survival and surgical resection of metastases to the breast should be further investigated. Cancer 2007; 110:731–7. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the tonsil
Authors: Laskar Siddhartha , Bahl Gaurav , Muckaden Mary Ann , Nair Reena , Gupta Sudeep , Bakshi Ashish , Gujral Sumeet , Shet Tanuja , Shrivastava Shyam Kishore , Dinshaw Ketayun Ardeshir
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND.

The purpose was to evaluate the prognostic factors and treatment outcome of Indian patients with primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the tonsil treated at a single institution.

METHODS.

In all, 121 patients with DLBCL of the tonsil, treated at the Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India, from January 1990 to December 2002, were included. The median age was 45 years and the majority of patients (68%) were males. Systemic symptoms were present in 12% of patients; 28% presented with stage I and 67% had stage II disease. Treatment consisted of a combination of chemotherapy (CTh) and radiotherapy (RT) for the majority of patients (69.4%). Among those receiving RT, 64% received an RT dose of ≥45 Gy.

RESULTS.

After a median follow‐up of 62 months, disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 66.4% and 81.6%, respectively. Significant prognostic factors included: WHO performance score ≥2 (OS: 72.1% vs 95.6%, P = .016), bulky tumors (OS: 68.5% vs 86.9%, P = .001), presence of B‐symptoms (OS: 36.7% vs 79.6%, P < .001), and Ann Arbor stage. On multivariate analysis; WHO performance score ≥2 (hazard ratio [HR], 4.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–15.12), and B symptoms (HR, 6.27; 95% CI, 2.38–16.48), retained statistical significance. CTh + RT resulted in a significantly better outcome than those treated with CTh alone (OS: 85.7% vs 70.7%, P = .008). The complete response (P = .053), DFS (P = .039), and OS (P = .014) rates were significantly better for patients receiving an RT dose ≥45 Gy.

CONCLUSIONS.

Tumor bulk, WHO performance score, the presence of B symptoms, and Ann Arbor stage significantly influence outcome. A combined modality treatment, consisting of CTh and RT (with an RT dose of ≥45 Gy), results in a satisfactory outcome in patients with this uncommon neoplasm. Cancer 2007; 110:816–23. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Inhibitory effect of meloxicam, a selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor, and ciglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma ligand, on the growth of human ovarian cancers
Authors: Xin Bing , Yokoyama Yoshihito , Shigeto Tatsuhiko , Futagami Masayuki , Mizunuma Hideki
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND.

It was recently reported that high expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and low expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) might be involved in the inhibition of ovarian tumor progression and confirmed that PPARγ activation could suppress COX‐2 expression via the nuclear factor‐κB pathway in ovarian cancer cells.

METHODS.

The current study investigated whether meloxicam, a selective COX‐2 inhibitor, and ciglitazone, a ligand for PPARγ, inhibit the growth of human ovarian cancer cell lines and aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of their antitumor effect. Tumor growth and survival were examined in female nu/nu mice xenografted with subcutaneous OVCAR‐3 tumors or with intraperitoneal DISS tumors and treated with meloxicam (162 ppm in diet, every day) or ciglitazone (15 mg/kg intraperitoneally once a week).

RESULTS.

Both meloxicam and ciglitazone treatments significantly suppressed the growth of OVCAR‐3 tumors xenotransplanted subcutaneously and significantly prolonged the survival of mice with malignant ascites derived from DISS cells as compared with controls. Meloxicam treatment decreased COX‐2 expression in tumors by 2.5‐fold compared with that observed in untreated tumors. Although ciglitazone treatment did not alter COX‐2 expression in tumors, it reduced the expression of microsomal prostaglandin (PG) E synthase, which converts COX‐derived PGH2 to PGE2. Both meloxicam and ciglitazone decreased PGE2 levels in serum as well as in ascites. Reduced microvessel density and induced apoptosis were found in solid OVCAR‐3 tumors treated with either meloxicam or ciglitazone.

CONCLUSIONS.

These results indicate that both meloxicam and ciglitazone produce antitumor effects against ovarian cancer in conjunction with reduced angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis. Cancer 2007; 110:791–800. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Primary optic nerve sheath meningioma
Authors: Jeremic Branislav , Pitz Susanne
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND.

Radiotherapy (RT) has occasionally been practiced in the treatment of optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM). Recently, stereotactic fractionated RT (SFRT) has been introduced as a tool with better precision for RT delivery. A comprehensive review was undertaken to provide more insight into this matter.

METHODS.

A literature search was performed to identify reports dealing with both clinical aspects (diagnosis) and treatment in ONSM, focusing on RT in primary (p)ONSM. In particular, major emphasis was placed on the role of SFRT in pONSM.

RESULTS.

SFRT was capable of achieving excellent local tumor control, with improved/stable functional capacity in ≥80%, accompanied with very low toxicity in meticulously planned RT. This holds true for the majority of patients with progressive functional loss and probably the vast majority of those with some degree of functional loss at presentation. Those blind at presentation benefit from postoperative RT, whereas those with only minimal functional loss at presentation must be carefully selected for the best treatment, because a wait‐and‐see policy will inevitably lead to serious dysfunction or even blindness.

CONCLUSIONS.

SFRT should be considered the treatment of choice for the majority of patients with pONSM. Every effort should be made to further investigate the remaining questions in this disease, such as optimal timing for the patients with no or slight vision loss at presentation. Cancer 2007; 110:714–22. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Effects of supervised exercise training on cardiopulmonary function and fatigue in breast cancer survivors during and after treatment
Authors: Schneider Carole M. , Hsieh City C. , Sprod Lisa K. , Carter Susan D. , Hayward Reid
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND.

Cancer treatments have serious physiological and psychological side effects in cancer survivors. This investigation examined cardiopulmonary function and fatigue in breast cancer survivors during and after treatment by using similar exercise assessments, prescriptions, individualized interventions, and reassessments.

METHODS.

The study included 113 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Participants were grouped according to whether they participated in an individualized prescriptive exercise program during cancer treatment (DTm) or after cancer treatment (FTm). After a comprehensive screening and medical examination, cardiovascular endurance, pulmonary function, and fatigue were assessed, which led to the development of an individualized 6‐month exercise prescription and exercise intervention. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to compare the effectiveness of the intervention and differences between groups.

RESULTS.

Cardiopulmonary function (systolic blood pressure, time on treadmill) improved in the DTm group (P < .05), whereas the FTm group showed reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate (P < .05) with concurrent increases in percentage of predicted FVC, % of predicted FEV1, predicted VO2max, and time on treadmill (P < .05). Psychologically, the DTm group showed reductions in behavioral, sensory, and total fatigue (P < .05), whereas the FTm group showed reductions in behavioral, affective, sensory, cognitive/mood, and total fatigue (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS.

The current study suggested that moderate intensity, individualized, prescriptive exercise maintains or improves cardiovascular and pulmonary function with concomitant reductions in fatigue during and after cancer treatment. However, it is critical that exercise be individualized to specific needs of the cancer survivor to prevent exacerbation of cancer treatment toxicities. Cancer 2007; 110:918–25. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Synthesis and crystallographic characterization of a chiral complex of (R)‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)amino‐2′‐hydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl(L) with hydrated nickel(II) acetate
Authors: Ji Baoming , Han Xiangming
Published: June 2007

A chiral complex of (R)‐2‐((pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)amino)‐2′‐hydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (L) with hydrated nickel (II) acetate has been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. The crystal structure of [NiL2(CH3OH)(CH3COO)]CH3COO·CH3OH has been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P 2(1) 2(1) 2(1) with cell constants a = 15.1035 (19), b = 17.836 (2), c = 18.730 (2)Å, α = β = γ = 90.00°, Z = 4. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.0346 (wR2 = 0.0863). The analytical result of the crystal structure indicates that a pair of L ligands chelate to a Ni (II) atom in an asymmetric fashion with one Ni‐N bond being longer than the other, the Ni (II) atom is further coordinated by one methanol molecule and one acetate anion to form a distorted octahedral geometry. In the crystal of the complex, the coordination cation [NiL2(CH3OH)(CH3COO)]+, the uncoordinated methanol molecule and uncoordinated acetate anion are further assembled into one‐dimensional chain structure via intermolecular hydrogen bonds along the a‐axis. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Different complexation behavior of a proton transfer compound obtained from 1,10‐phenanthroline and pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid with Sn(IV), Sb(III) and Tl(I)
Authors: Aghabozorg H. , Ramezanipour F. , Nakhjavan B. , Soleimannejad J. , Attar Gharamaleki J. , Sharif M. A.
Published: June 2007

The different complexation methods of a proton transfer compound, (phenH)2(pydc) (phen=1,10‐phenanthroline; pydcH2= pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid), are discussed and formation of [Sn(pydc)(phen)(OH)2]·3H2O (1), {[Sb(pydc)(phen)]2O}·2DMSO·4H2O(2) and [(Tl(pydcH)]n (3) complexes are reported. The characterization was performed using IR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The structures of Sn(IV) and Sb(III) complexes show that both cationic and anionic fragments of the starting proton transfer compound have been involved in the complexation. Whereas the structure of Tl(I) complex demonstrates that only the anionic fragment of (phenH)2(pydc) is contributed to the complexation. The complexes 1‐3 show a variety of structural features including mononuclear, binuclear and polymeric structures. In compounds (1), (2) and (3) a large number of hydrogen bonds are observed. These interactions play an important role in the formation and stabilization of supramolecular systems in the crystal lattices. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystal structure and electrochemical properties of the supramolecular compound [Himi]6[As2Mo18O62]·11H2O
Authors: Yang Yanyan , Xu Lin , Jia Liping , Gao Guanggang , Li Fengyan , Qu Xiaoshu , Qiu Yunfeng
Published: June 2007

A supramolecular compound, [Himi]6[As2Mo18O62]·11H2O (1) (imi = imidazole), has been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X‐ray analysis, IR spectra, thermal gravimetric analysis, electrochemical and elemental analysis. The crystals are monoclinic, P 2(1)/n, a = 14.9529(8) Å, b = 20.9521(11) Å, c = 25.2464(13) Å, β = 93.8130(10)°, V = 7892.1(7) Å3, Z = 4. X‐ray diffraction indicated that protonated imidazole cation and polyanion were linked together through electrostatic interactions and intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonding). (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nanosized barium carbonate particles stabilized by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide at the water/hexamethylene interface
Authors: Chen Long , Shen Yuhua , Xie Anjian , Zhu Jinmiao , Wu Zhifu , Yang Liangbao
Published: June 2007

Nanoparticles of barium carbonate (BaCO3) have been synthesized in situ from barium chloride by the slow release of carbon dioxide by alkaline hydrolysis of diethyl carbonate, and stabilized by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at the water/hexamethylene interface. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray powder diffractometry were used to characterize the products. The results indicate that spherical BaCO3 nanoparticles are obtained with poor crystallinity and diameters ranging from 30 to 300 nm. The possible formation mechanism of the nanoparticles at the interface is discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of phytoactive compounds on in vitro cholesterol crystal growth
Authors: Seethalakshmi Ammal M. , George K. V. , Jayakumari I.
Published: June 2007

The growth of cholesterol crystals in gel medium in the presence of some bioactive compounds like extract of cassia fistula Linn (CF) have shown changes in the rate of nucleation, morphology and numbers of crystals with respect to control and treatment. The study reveals that CF material can be used as a potent inhibitor of cholesterol crystals. These crystals were characterized by X‐ray and IR for structural determination. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation of Y3Al5O12nanocrystals by low temperature glycol route
Authors: Kaithwas N. , Deshmukh M. , Kar S. , Dave M. , Lalla N. P. , Ryu H. , Bartwal K. S.
Published: June 2007

Yttrium aluminum garnet, Y3Al5O12(YAG) nanocrystals were synthesized by low temperature glycol method. This is a modified sol–gel method performed at low temperature that consists of a mixture of salts, mostly nitrates in an aqueous media. Single phase nanocrystalline YAG was obtained at 850°C, which is much lower than others such as wet‐chemical techniques. The structural characterization is done by XRD and transmission electron microscopy. The crystallite size range from 20‐50 nm was observed for the materials prepared at 850‐ 950°C. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The influence of annealing atmosphere on the optical properties of flower‐like ZnO
Authors: Hou Ying , Yang Ming , Pang Guangsheng , Feng Shouhua
Published: June 2007

The influence of annealing atmosphere on the optical properties of flower‐like ZnO is investigated. The flower‐like ZnO is composed of nanosheets. Annealing at 500°C results in the increase of the thickness of nanosheets and the enhancement of UV emission. PL spectra results show that the annealing atmosphere affects the visible emission band, which is sensitive to intrinsic and surface defects in the flower‐like ZnO. The vibrational properties of the flower‐like ZnO annealing in different atmospheres are characterized by Raman spectra. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anwendung des Grenzlastnachweises für Kellerwände nach dem neuen Sicherheitskonzept gemäß DIN 1053‐100
Authors: Jäger Wolfram
Published: June 2007

Der bisher übliche Grenzlastnachweis für Kellerwände nach DIN 1053‐1:1996‐11, bei dessen Einhaltung eine genauere Berechnung entfallen kann, ist mit DIN 1053‐100 auf das neue Sicherheitskonzept umgestellt worden. Der Beitrag erläutert die Voraussetzungen für die Anwendung der Formeln nach Abschnitt 10 von DIN 1053‐100:2006‐08 und stellt die Verbindung zu den Beiträgen in diesem Heft von Broms, Hoffmann und Schöps sowie zu Mann und Bernhardt her. Auf den immer wieder diskutierten Erddruckansatz wird eingegangen. Es folgt die Erläuterung der Nachweisführung allgemein und anhand eines Beispiels. Weiter werden Hinweise gegeben, wie vorzugehen ist, wenn die Grenzlasten nicht eingehalten werden können.
Berechnung des Erddruckes auf Kellerwände
Authors: Broms Bengt
Published: June 2007

Dem Beitrag liegen die Untersuchungen aus den 60er und 70er Jahren zu Grunde, die schließlich zur Bestätigung des generellen Ansatzes des aktiven Erddrucks geführt haben. Schon damals wurde heftig diskutiert, ob der aktive, ein erhöhter aktiver oder der Erdruhedruck auf gemauerte Kellerwände anzusetzen sei. Der Einfluss der Verdichtung wurde eingehend untersucht. Die Arbeiten des Autors haben damals wesentlich zur Klärung der Problematik beigetragen, die schließlich zum anerkannten Stand der Technik wurde, weshalb eine Übersetzung ins Deutsche sinnvoll erschien.

Der auf eine Kellerwand beim Verdichten oder durch eine äußere Last entstehende Erddruck kann beträchtlich größer sein, als der Wert, für den die Wand normalerweise dimensioniert ist. Auf diese Weise sind nach dem Wiederauffüllen und Verdichten der Baugrube mit Maschinen in den 60er und 70er Jahren bei Einfamilienhäusern beträchtliche Schäden entstanden.

Es wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Erddruck und Verformungen der Stützkonstruktion erläutert, dem allgemeine Dimensionierungsprinzipien folgen. Darüber hinaus werden Modelle zur Berechnung des Erddrucks infolge Eigengewichts und infolge äußerer Lasten auf nachgiebige bzw. nicht nachgiebige Kellerwände angegeben.
Tragreserven bei Kellerwänden – Vergleich zwischen Norm und genauerer Berechnung mittels FEM
Authors: Hoffmann Jens , Schöps Peter
Published: June 2007

Der Nachweis erddruckbelasteter Wände erfolgt in der Regel nach den vereinfachten normativ geregelten Bemessungsverfahren. Der hierbei in Ansatz gebrachte zweiaxiale Lastabtrag wird anhand einiger numerischer Beispielrechnungen untersucht. Die erhaltenen analytischen und numerischen Traglasten werden miteinander verglichen und Tragreserven lokalisiert. Weitere Reserven ergeben sich bei der Anwendung von eingefasstem Mauerwerk als Kellerwand. Hierbei wird die günstige Wirkungsweise eines bislang vernachlässigten Mechanismus – der Verformungsbehinderung – anschaulich dargestellt.
Unusual Influence of the Structures of Transition Metal Complexes on Catalytic C–S and C–Se Bond Formation Under Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Conditions
Authors: Beletskaya Irina P. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: June 2007

In the presence of transition metal catalysts, hydrothiolation and hydroselenation reactions, as well as bisthiolation and bisselenation reactions, have been successfully carried out with high selectivities and yields. New transition metal‐catalyzed synthetic methods have been developed for the preparation of vinyl sulfides and vinyl selenides of various types. Mechanistic study has revealed that a homogeneous catalytic system based on phosphine complexes of palladium is the best choice for carrying out stereoselective additions of disulfides and diselenides to alkynes. A heterogeneous Ni‐catalyzed reaction with a unique self‐organized nanostructured catalyst was superior for carrying out regioselective additions of thiols and selenols to alkynes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Fitting concentration and load rating curves with generalized linear models
Authors: Cox Nicholas J. , Warburton Jeff , Armstrong Alona , Holliday Victoria J.
Published: June 2007

Generalized linear models may be used as a systematic and flexible alternative to existing practices in fitting sediment or solute concentration and load rating curves. Through widely available statistical software they offer a one‐step solution to the common and awkward problem that a bias correction is needed when estimating total loads. In particular, using a logarithmic link function has an advantage over logarithmic transformation of concentration or load, as generalized linear models return predictions directly on the original measured scale; there is thus no need for back‐transformation or subsequent correction factors. Example analyses are given for suspended sediment concentration for an upland stream in the Northern Pennines and for phosphorus load for the Illinois River. General criteria for choosing models and good practice in the use of figures of model merit and of residual plots are also discussed in detail. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Segregated ice structures in various heaved permafrost landforms through CT Scan
Authors: Calmels Fabrice , Allard Michel
Published: June 2007

The growth of segregated ice lenses in frost susceptible sediments in the discontinuous permafrost zone is the dominant mechanism for the formation of permafrost mounds, such as palsas, lithalsas and permafrost plateaus. Thawing of these mounds creates thermokarst lakes, which are particularly abundant in Nunavik, east of the Hudson Bay area. The inception of the permafrost in mounds and their growth are regulated by climate conditions, by local Quaternary geology and by environmental factors such as topography, vegetation, snow cover and surface humidity. Variable sizes and morphology of the permafrost mounds can be attributed to local factors that affect the ice segregation process, particularly the supply of water needed for ice‐lens growth and grain‐size composition of the soil into which aggradation takes place. Computer image analysis of CT scans on high quality cores obtained from permafrost mounds and plateaus of various shapes reveal that the ice layer sequences and permafrost internal structure vary with landform types. A relationship therefore exists between different morphological type within a family of landforms and their microscale internal structure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic analysis of rosemary, fennel and anise essential oils obtained by supercritical fluid extraction
Authors: Pereira Camila G. , Meireles M. Angela A.
Published: June 2007

In the present work, economic analysis of the production of extracts and essential oils of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and anise (Pimpinella anisum) by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation are discussed. The manufacturing cost (COM) was determined considering that the COM can be obtained in terms of the costs of investment, operational labour, raw materials, waste treatment and utilities. The manufacturing cost was also estimated considering that the essential oil content in SFE extracts varies (50–100%). The analysis showed that the supercritical fluid extraction is economically viable to obtain these vegetable extracts and essential oils. The higher costs of essential oils obtained by steam distillation were mainly caused by the lower yield and the higher energy consumption of this process. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of volatiles from Satureja fruticosa Béguinot
Authors: Coelho J. A. , Grosso C. , Pereira A. P. , Burillo J. , Urieta J. S. , Figueiredo A. C. , Barroso J. G. , Mendes R. L. , Palavra A. M. F.
Published: June 2007

Dried flowers and leaves of Satureja fruticosa Béguinot were submitted to supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE), followed by a two‐stage fractional separation. The extraction was carried out at 40 °C in a flow apparatus, provided with a 1 l extraction vessel and two separators of 0.27 l each. Conditions of extraction, such as pressure, particle size of plant material and CO2 flow rate, were studied in order to assess their influence on the yield and composition of the volatiles. The best conditions of extraction were 90 bar pressure at 1.32 kg/h CO2 flow rate and a plant material particle size of 0.5 mm. The SFE volatiles obtained and the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation (HD) were analysed and compared by GC and GC–MS. The oxygen‐containing monoterpenes, pulegone (33–36% for SFE and 40–41% for HD), isomenthone (14–18% for SFE and 21% for HD), piperitenone (11–12% for SFE and 9–11% for HD) and piperitenone oxide (11–13% for SFE and 7–9% for HD) were the dominant components in all samples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glia‐induced neuronal differentiation by transcriptional regulation
Authors: Göritz Christian , Thiebaut Renaud , Tessier Luc‐Henri , Nieweg Katja , Moehle Christoph , Buard Isabelle , Dupont Jean‐Luc , Schurgers Leon J. , Schmitz Gerd , Pfrieger Frank W.
Published: June 2007

There is increasing evidence that different phases of brain development depend on neuron–glia interactions including postnatal key events like synaptogenesis. To address how glial cells influence synapse development, we analyzed whether and how glia‐derived factors affect gene expression in primary cultures of immunoisolated rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by oligonucleotide microarrays. Our results show that the transcript pattern matched the developmental stage and characteristic properties of RGCs in vitro. Glia‐conditioned medium (GCM) and cholesterol up‐ and downregulated a limited number of genes that influence the development of dendrites and synapses and regulate cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. The oligonucleotide microarrays detected the transcriptional regulation of neuronal cholesterol homeostasis in response to GCM and cholesterol treatment. Surprisingly, our study revealed neuronal expression and glial regulation of matrix gla protein (Mgp). Together, our results suggest that glial cells promote different aspects of neuronal differentiation by regulating transcription of distinct classes of genes. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Executive function in schizophrenia: what impact do antipsychotics have?
Authors: O'Grada Cara , Dinan Timothy
Published: June 2007

Cognitive dysfunction is a major component of schizophrenia, with deficits in executive function particularly pertinent to successful daily living and outcome. Executive deficits and negative/disorganised symptoms remain relatively resistant to amelioration by antipsychotic medication in comparison to positive symptoms. While there is a relative paucity of data on the effects of antipsychotics on specific executive deficits, atypical antipsychotics would appear to be more beneficial than typical antipsychotics at improving these functions, with muscarinic, glutamatergic and cholinergic systems variously implicated. Recent research focusing on the relationships between specific symptoms and specific executive deficits holds important implications for future psychopharmacological interventions in the area by elucidating the neural substrates and pathways which underpin schizophrenic symptomatology. This review attempts to evaluate the research thus far for the specific executive components of spatial working memory (SWM), inhibition, sustained attention and set shifting. Issues significant to future psychopharmacology in the area are discussed, with particular emphasis on the need for a greater consensus in methodology and definition executive function research in schizophrenia. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Maghrebian countries
Authors: Feng Bing‐Jian , Jalbout Majida , Ayoub Wided Ben , Khyatti Meriem , Dahmoul Sami , Ayad Messaoud , Maachi Fatima , Bedadra Wided , Abdoun Meriem , Mesli Sarah , Hamdi‐Cherif Mokhtar , Boualga Kada , Bouaouina Noureddine , Chouchane Lotfi , Benider Abdellatif , Ben Ayed Farhat , Goldgar David , Corbex Marilys
Published: June 2007

North Africa is one of the major Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) endemic regions. Specific food items unique to this area were implicated to be associated with NPC risk, but results were inconsistent. Here we have performed a large‐scale case‐control study in the Maghrebian population from Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. From 2002 to 2005, interviews were conducted on 636 cases and 615 controls. Controls were hospitalized individuals from 15 non‐cancer hospital departments, or friends and family members of non‐NPC cancer subjects, matched by center, childhood household type (rural or urban), age and sex. Conditional logistic regression is used to evaluate the risk of factors. In results, consumption of rancid butter, rancid sheep fat and preserved meat not spicy (mainly quaddid) were associated with significantly increased risk of NPC, while consumption of cooked vegetables and industrial preserved fish was associated with reduced risk. Other foods such as fresh citrus fruits and spicy preserved meat (mainly osban) in childhood, industrial made olive condiments in adulthood, were marginally associated. In multivariate analyses, only rancid butter, rancid sheep fat and cooked vegetables were significantly associated with NPC. In regard to possible causative substances, our results implicate the involvement of butyric acid, a potential Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) activator. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suramin augments the antitumor and antimetastatic activity of pentoxifylline in B16F10 melanoma
Authors: Dua Pooja , Ingle Arvind , Gude Rajiv P.
Published: June 2007

Rapid tumor growth and metastasis are 2 major problems associated with treatment of malignant melanoma. Therefore, drugs that can intervene these processes are of clinical importance. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methyl xanthine derivative, has been shown to inhibit B16F10 melanoma tumor growth and metastasis. We hypothesized that suramin when combined with PTX enhances its antineoplastic effects, which we have examined using the B16F10 mouse melanoma model. Suramin in simultaneous or sequential combination potentiated the cytotoxic effects of PTX on B16F10 cells. PTX arrested cells in the G0‐G1 phase and suramin augmented the effects. Both the drugs inhibited F10 adhesion to laminin, matrigel and collagen type IV and showed enhanced inhibition in combination The combination also demonstrated significantly higher inhibition in cell motility (p = 0.002) and invasion through matrigel (p = 0.005) as compared to the single agents. Suramin synergized with PTX in its effects on secretion of MMP‐9 gelatinase. DBA2/J mice implanted with intradermal B16F10 tumor were used as a model to study tumor growth. Animals were intratumorally treated with 50 mg/kg of PTX, 10 mg/kg of suramin and their combinations. Simultaneous administration of the drugs inhibited tumor growth by 5‐ to 6‐folds. Tumor growth was completely blocked in sequential regimen with regression in some cases. The number and size of metastatic nodules on lung was also reduced significantly by the combination treatment. In conclusion, the novel combination of PTX and suramin has synergistic antitumor and antimetastatic activity in B16F10 melanoma and may be a promising approach in treatment of patients suffering from malignant melanoma. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allergies are associated with reduced pancreas cancer risk: A population‐based case–control study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Eppel Ayelet , Cotterchio Michelle , Gallinger Steven
Published: June 2007

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the deadliest cancers with mortality rates almost equaling incidence rates. Each year, approximately 3,500 Canadians are diagnosed with this disease. Although somewhat inconsistent, epidemiological studies have found that allergies are associated with a reduced pancreas cancer risk while there appears to be no association with asthma. These associations were evaluated in a population‐based case–control study conducted in Ontario. Incident cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, identified through the Ontario Cancer Registry (OCR), and diagnosed April 1, 2003 to June 1, 2006, were recruited by the Ontario Pancreas Cancer Study (OPCS). Controls were recruited from the Ontario Familial Colorectal Cancer Registry (OFCCR). Data on 276 cases and 378 controls were available for the current study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to obtain age‐adjusted odds ratio (AOR) estimates. Ever having allergies or hayfever was associated with reduced pancreas cancer risk (OR = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29–0.63). There was no association observed between a history of asthma and pancreas cancer risk. Findings are of great importance to understanding the biological mechanisms involved in pancreas cancer development. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The tetraspanin CD9 inhibits the proliferation and tumorigenicity of human colon carcinoma cells
Authors: Ovalle Susana , Gutiérrez‐López María Dolores , Olmo Nieves , Turnay Javier , Lizarbe María Antonia , Majano Pedro , Molina‐Jiménez Francisca , López‐Cabrera Manuel , Yáñez‐Mó María , Sánchez‐Madrid Francisco , Cabañas Carlos
Published: June 2007

The implication of the tetraspanin CD9 in cancer has received much recent attention and an inverse correlation between CD9 expression and the metastatic potential and cancer survival rate has been established for different tumor types. In contrast to the well‐established role of CD9 in metastasis, very little is known about the involvement of this tetraspanin in the process of development of primary tumors. In the present study, we present evidence on the implication of CD9 in colon carcinoma tumorigenesis. We report here that ectopic expression of CD9 in colon carcinoma cells results in enhanced integrin‐dependent adhesion and inhibition of cell growth. Consistently with these effects, treatment of these cells with anti‐CD9‐specific antibodies resulted in (i) increased β1 integrin‐mediated cell adhesion through a mechanism involving clustering of integrin molecules rather than altered affinity; (ii) induction of morphological changes characterized by the acquisition of an elongated cell phenotype; (iii) inhibition of cell proliferation with no significant effect on cell survival; (iv) increased expression of membrane TNF‐α, and finally (v) inhibition of the in vivo tumorigenic capacity in nude mice. In addition, through the use of selective blockers of TNF‐α, we have demonstrated that this cytokine partly mediates the antiproliferative effects of CD9. These results clearly establish for the first time a role for CD9 in the tumorigenic process. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibre intake and renal cell carcinoma: A case‐control study from Italy
Authors: Galeone Carlotta , Pelucchi Claudio , Talamini Renato , Negri Eva , Montella Maurizio , Ramazzotti Valerio , Zucchetto Antonella , Maso Luigino Dal , Franceschi Silvia , La Vecchia Carlo
Published: June 2007

Only 2 previous studies, conducted in Australia, United States and northern Europe, considered the role of dietary fibre intake on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk, and both showed a modest, inverse association. Therefore, we investigated in depth the topic of fibres and RCC, using data from a multicenter case‐control study conducted in Italy from 1992 to 2004, including 767 cases with incident, histologically confirmed RCC and 1,534 controls admitted to the same network of hospitals as cases with acute nonmalignant conditions. Multivariate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained after allowance for major identified confounding factors, including total energy intake. The continuous OR for an increase in intake equal to the difference between the 80th and the 20th percentile were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.82–1.08) for total dietary fibre, 0.98 (95% CI: 0.85–1.13) for soluble noncellulose polysaccharides, 0.92 (95% CI: 0.80–1.05) for total insoluble fibre, 0.90 (95% CI: 0.78–1.04) for cellulose, 0.95 (95% CI: 0.84–1.06) for insoluble noncellulose polysaccharides and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.93–1.21) for lignin. With reference to the sources of fibre, we found an inverse association with vegetable fibre (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73–0.97), but no association with fruit (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.86–1.12) and grain fibre (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.95–1.15). The inverse association with vegetable fibre may reflect a real favorable effect, or be an indicator of a beneficial role of a diet rich in vegetable on RCC risk. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A survey of the 2001 to 2005 quartz crystal microbalance biosensor literature: applications of acoustic physics to the analysis of biomolecular interactions
Authors: Cooper Matthew A. , Singleton Victoria T.
Published: June 2007

The widespread exploitation of biosensors in the analysis of molecular recognition has its origins in the mid‐1990s following the release of commercial systems based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). More recently, platforms based on piezoelectric acoustic sensors (principally ‘bulk acoustic wave’ (BAW), ‘thickness shear mode’ (TSM) sensors or ‘quartz crystal microbalances’ (QCM)), have been released that are driving the publication of a large number of papers analysing binding specificities, affinities, kinetics and conformational changes associated with a molecular recognition event. This article highlights salient theoretical and practical aspects of the technologies that underpin acoustic analysis, then reviews exemplary papers in key application areas involving small molecular weight ligands, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, bacteria, cells and lipidic and polymeric interfaces. Key differentiators between optical and acoustic sensing modalities are also reviewed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.