bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcificaciones en los tejidos blandos asociados a flebolitos.
Authors: Benítez Carolina , Escobar Isabel , García Lester , González Andrea , González Yuliana , Roski Isabela
Published: April 2024

Los flebolitos son un tipo de calcificación de tejidos blandos, específicamente relacionados a las malformaciones vasculares. En el presente artículo de revisión compilaremos información bibliográfica sobre las calcificaciones en los tejidos blandos asociadas a flebolitos, para identificar las diferentes calcificaciones que se pueden dar en los tejidos blandos de cabeza y cuello, relacionar lesiones vasculares como el hemangioma con flebolitos e indagar acerca del diagnóstico diferencial radiológico entre flebolitos y sialolitos. Gracias a la revisión bibliográfica, se obtiene que los flebolitos generalmente son asintomáticos y suelen ser detectados por accidente en exámenes imagenológicos de rutina como lo es la radiografía panorámica en la Odontología. A pesar de que pueden pasar desapercibidos por sus características clínicas y de no estar relacionados directamente con la profesión, es importante que el odontólogo sepa identificarlos radiográficamente para así referir al paciente al especialista indicado y así velar por la salud integral del paciente.
Pengembangan Media “Rahayuning Bawana” untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Peserta Didik dalam Pembelajaran Seni Tari
Authors: Karochmah Dina Nur , Nugraha Rana Gustian , Syahid Aah Ahmad
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research is to produce the development of learning media in the form of an interactive flipbook, namely the "Rahayuning Bawana" media in order to improve students' motor skills in dance learning in elementary school extracurriculars. This research uses the research and development (RnD) method, and the model used is ADDIE, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, implementation, development, and evaluation (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The media "Rahayuning Bawana" has been validated by material experts and media experts. Material expert validation received a score of 93% and was categorized as very suitable for use. Meanwhile, media expert validation received a score of 87% and was categorized as very suitable for use as well. The subjects of this research involved extracurricular dance students at SDN Tanjungsari II and SDN Cileutik. Student responses to the media "Rahayuning Bawana" reached an average of 93%, with very good qualifications. The average pretest result was 34 and the average posttest result was 88.4 with an increase in n-gain of 0.82. Therefore, it can be concluded that the existence of the "Rahayuning Bawana" media is very feasible and effective for use in dance learning to improve students' motor skills.
ZONING OF PINE FORESTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Данчева А  В. , Залесов С  В.
Published: April 2024

Оптимизация лесопользования может быть обеспечена только при условии на- личия объективного научно обоснованного районирования. Специализированные районирования позволяют объективно спланировать весь перечень лесоводственных мероприятий, что особенно актуально для Республики Казахстан с показателем лесистости 5,0 %. В статье предпринята попытка объединения в одной работе основных видов специализированного районирования сосновых лесов Республики Казахстан. В частности, приведены геоморфологическое, лесоэкономическое, лесохозяйственное, лесорастительное районирования, которые базируются на зонировании растительности Республики Казахстан и картах –схемах размещения существующих и исчезнувших степных боров. Приведенные в работе районирования облегчат работу лесоустроителей и работников лесохозяйственных предприятий по проектированию и проведению лесоводственных мероприятий, лесовосстановлению, лесоразведению и противопожарному устройству. Другими словами, обеспечат выполнение всего перечня лесохозяйственных работ на зонально(подзонально)-типологической основе, что увеличит площадь сосновых лесов и повысит устойчивость существующих насаждений.

Optimization of forest management can be ensured only if there is an objective scienti- fically based zoning. Specialized zoning allows you to objectively plan the list of silvicultural activities, which is especially important for the Republic of Kazakhstan with a forest cover index of 5,0 %. The article makes an attempt to combine in one work the main types of specialized zoning of pine forests of the Republik of Kazakhstan. In particular hemorphological, forest economics, forestry forest vegetation zoning are given. The above reconstruction is based on the zoning of the Republic of Kazakhstan vegetation and maps and layouts of existing and disappearing steppe forests. The work on zoning presented in the paper facilitates the work of forest managers and employees forestry enterprisers in the design and implementation of silvicultural activities, reforestation, afforestation and facilitate the word on the firefighting devices. In other words, they well ensure the implementation of the entire list of forestry words an a zonal typological basis that ensures an increase in the area of pine forests and increase the sustainability of existing plantings.
PYROGENIC MODIFICATION OF A PINE STAND IN THE «DENEZHKIN KAMEN» RESERVE
Authors: Алесенков Ю  М. , Иванчиков С  В.
Published: April 2024

The features of the implementation of the initial stage of restoration of mossy pine after the passage of a grass-roots fire below average intensity are considered. The research was conducted three years later, after the fire occurred. Fires are not uncommon in the “Denezhkin Kamen” Nature Reserve, but there is a tendency to decrease the intensity of fires and the size of burned areas due to improved fire protection. The fire made minor changes to the structure of the stand. First of all, the changes affected the undergrowth and the thin layer of dark coniferous species. Quantitative indicators of the whole stand (before the fire) and the preserved one are given. The complete disappearance of the thin layer of fir and its younger generations is noted. The loss of spruce, which was actively introduced into the composition of the stand, was very significant, especially there were a lot of its thin-gauge and shoots. Also, like all dark conifers, there is a significant decrease in cedar. It is shown that the total loss of the stand is small, 88.5 % of the number of trees of the past (before the fire) stand has been preserved from the former stand. It was found that the natural generation of the stand of the trial area is taking place with the active participation of new species (Willow) and aspen, which replaced fir, which was previously in the minority. There was no renewal of larch. Pine remained the dominant species on the permanent trial area, it has not lost its importance as the main forest-forming breed, but its serious competition with aspen is expected in the future. It is also supposed to introduce dark coniferous species into the stand, which in the process of ontogenesis will influence the course of the forest formation process with their possible sodomination with light coniferous and deciduous species in the long absence of fires. Such a transformation of plantings is characteristic of poorly destroyed communities with preserved dominants and a liberated ecotope.
ANALYSIS OF FOREST FIRES 2008–2023 IN THE TYUMEN REGION
Authors: Кузнецов Л  Е. , Секерин И  М.
Published: April 2024

В России площадь природных пожаров за последние 20 лет в среднем составляет 8,9 млн га в год, по данным ИСДМ-Рослесхоз. В 2021 г. мы потеряли 18,8 млн га лесного покрова вследствие пожаров. Это сопоставимо с площадью Камбоджи или в 2 раза больше площади Португалии. На основании данных о лесных пожарах на территории Тюменской области в период с 2008 по 2023 гг. произведен анализ данных для установления причин возникновения лесных пожаров, в том числе с разбивкой по пройденной огнем площади и причинам возникновения лесных пожаров. Динамика начала и окончания пожароопасного сезона позволяет повысить эффективность охраны лесов от пожаров за счет оперативной переброски сил и средств пожаротушения. В ходе анализа фактов о лесных пожарах определены причины возникновения, рассмотрены динамика в зависимости от сезона года на территории Тюменской области и температурный режим. Полученные данные позволяют повысить эффективность лесопожарной пропаганды и тем самым снизить количество лесных пожаров по вине местного населения. На основании анализа количества лесных пожаров на территории Тюменской области с 2008 по 2023 гг. и пройденной ими площади даны рекомендации по совершенствованию охраны лесов от пожаров. Отмечается, что увеличение кратности противопожарной пропаганды, а также совершенствование нормативно-правовых документов по охране лесов от пожаров снизят фактическое количество лесных пожаров и пройденную огнем площадь, а также минимизируют риски для местного населения.

n Russia, the area of wildfires over the past 20 years has averaged 8.9 million hectares per year according to ISDM-Rosleskhoz. In 2021, we lost 18.8 million hectares of forest cover due to fires. This is comparable to the area of Cambodia or 2 times the area of Portugal. Based on data on forest fires in the Tyumen region in the period from 2008 to 2023, data analysis was carried out to determine the causes of forest fires, including a breakdown by the area covered by fire and the causes of forest fires. The dynamics of the beginning and end of the fire season make it possible to increase the effectiveness of forest protection from fires due to the rapid transfer of fire extinguishing forces and means. During the analysis of data on forest fires, the causes of occurrence were determined, the dynamics depending on the year in the Tyumen region and the temperature regime were considered. The data obtained make it possible to increase the effectiveness of forest fire propaganda and thereby reduce the number of forest fires caused by the local population. Based on the analysis of the number of forest fires in the Tyumen region by the years from 2008 to 2023 and the area covered by them, recommendations are made to improve the protection of forests from fires. It is noted that the increase in the multiplicity of fire prevention propaganda, as well as the improvement of regulatory documents on the protection of forests from fires will reduce the actual number of forest fires and the area covered by fire, as well as minimize risks for the local population.
TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF SELECTIVE FELLING USING A SMALL-SIZED TRACTOR
Authors: Мехренцев А. В. . , Герц Э. Ф. . , Теринов Н. Н. . , Уразова А. Ф. .
Published: April 2024

Отражено значение водозащитных лесов и требования, предъявляемые обществом к качеству их функционирования. Отмечено, что вдоль берегов реки Камы накоплены чистые, но ослабленные (по внешним признакам) ельники, которые погибают при размножении короеда-типографа. Обосновывается необходимость проведения выборочных санитарных рубок, при этом обращается внимание на исключение заготовки или повреждения здоровых деревьев. Предложено использовать при выполнении рубок малогабаритный многофункциональный мини-трактор. Приведены основные параметры и результаты экспериментальных выборочных рубок с применением на трелевке леса опытного образца мини-трактора МТР-1, на территории Уральского учебно-опытного лесхоза Уральского государственного лесотехнического университета (УГЛТУ) (Билимбаевское лесничество, участок Северский, кв. 37, выд. 16). Предлагаемый авторами вариант организации рубок обеспечивает уход за древостоями, исключающий повреждения компонентов защитных лесов, с возможностью заготовки топливной древесины и ее последующей вывозки к местам потребления водным транспортом.

The importance of water-protective forests and the requirements of society to the quality of their functioning are reflected. It is noted that along the banks of the Kama River there are clean, but weakened (by external signs) spruce forests, which die when bark beetle-typhophorus reproduces. The necessity of selective sanitary cuttings is substantiated, paying attention to the need to exclude harvesting or damage to healthy trees. It is proposed to use a small-sized multifunctional mini-tractor in performing felling. The main parameters and results of experimental selective logging with the use of a prototype of mini-tractor MTR-1 on the territory of the Ural Educational and Experimental Forestry of the Ural State Forestry Technical University (UGLTU) (Bilimbaevskoye lesnichestvo, Seversky plot, sq. 37, compartment 16). The logging organization option proposed by the authors provides stand maintenance, excluding damage to components of protective forests, with the possibility of harvesting fuelwood and its subsequent transportation to places of consumption by water transport.
Problems of researching the history of the development of social communication processes and ways to solve them
Authors:   Vasil Stefanik Precarpathian National University, Kholod Oleksandr
Published: April 2024

In the article, the author analyzes the problems of researching the history of the development of social communication processes. The purpose of his research was to identify the components of the mentioned problem and propose ways to solve them. At the beginning of the study, the author clarifies the semantics of the terms «social communications» and «social communication», clearly branching out their lexical meaning. The research methodology allowed the author to use a general method – holism, which involves the analysis of all phenomena and processes in the world in the Integrity and interdependence of the elements of the Whole; general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, analogy and classification) and methods of scientific knowledge: methods of theoretical research (axiomatic, statistical method and hypothetical-deductive), and also turned to methods of empirical research (observation, description, measurement). The research technique included the analysis of a) educational and methodological materials, which are used in different countries of the world to train students in specialities related to social communications (journalism, advertising, public relations, and the like); b) scientific materials (monographs, scientific articles in specialized scientific journals of the world). The author analyzed the selected publications by the number of publications on social communications, journalism, journalism, advertising, public relations, film production; politics, history, historiography; art and others. Later, I created tables and transferred the selected facts there, counted the number of cases for each criterion, which made it possible to make tables and diagrams. The author recorded the trends of the indicators and interpreted them with the help of the projective method. In the conclusions, the author proposed four ways to solve the problem of researching the history of the development of social communication processes.
Pengaruh Indikator Makroekonomi terhadap Indeks SRI-KEHATI yang Dimoderasi Variabel Konfirmasi Kasus COVID-19
Authors: Kho Celine , Yulfiswandi Yulfiswandi
Published: April 2024

Pasar modal merupakan salah satu faktor terpenting dalam perkembangan perekonomian Indonesia dan dapat digunakan sebagai media untuk berinvestasi. Di Indonesia terdapat Indeks SRI-KEHATI yang saat ini cukup menarik perhatian. Faktor makroekonomi seperti kurs, tingkat inflasi, jumlah uang yang beredar, efek hari Senin, dan efek hari Jumat merupakan variabel yang cukup sering disebutkan dalam pengaruhnya terhadap indeks saham, terlebih di masa pandemi dan setelah pandemi COVID-19 ini, pasar modal mengalami fluktuasi dan kecenderungan depresiasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dari efek hari Senin, efek hari Jumat, tingkat suku bunga, tingkat inflasi, dan jumlah uang yang beredar terhadap indeks saham dengan COVID-19 sebagai moderasi. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 958 data sampel yang merupakan data bulanan dari 1 Januari 2019 hingga 30 November 2022 dengan motode regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel tingkat suku bunga, jumlah uang yang beredar, dan pandemi COVID-19 signifikan memengaruhi Indeks SRI-KEHATI, sedangkan variabel efek hari Senin, efek hari Jumat, dan inflasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan.
The effect of exterior traits on milk production and calving ease in Czech Fleckvieh cows in first parity
Authors: Kopec Tomáš , Filipčík Radek , Dřízhalová Blanka , Horký Pavel , Večeřa Milan , Falta Daniel
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of exterior traits on milk production and also on the calving ease in first parity for dual-purpose (milk and meat) cows of Simmental origin. The analysis used 7987 purebred Czech Fleckvieh cows. The impact of the measured features of the frame and the linear type traits of the udder and muscularity were evaluated. The influence of height at the sacrum and body depth on milk yield has been demonstrated. A productivity increase of 27.62 kg of milk can be anticipated for every 1 cm increase in the height at the sacrum, and a productivity increase of 19.78 kg of milk can be expected for every 1 cm increase in body depth. The length of the fore and rear udders, the angle of udder attachment, and the depth of the udders all had a statistically significant impact on milk yield. In the case of calving ease, only the influence of muscularity was proven. The likelihood of difficult calving was 0.18 in cows with weak muscularity. The findings demonstrate that the exterior score is significant not only as a collection of fitness and longevity traits but also as a factor in milk yield.
Evaluation of FY-4A/AGRI visible reflectance using the equivalents derived from the forecasts of CMA-MESO using RTTOV
Authors: Zhou Yongbo , Liu Yubao , Han Wei , Zeng Yuefei , Sun Haofei , Yu Peilong
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI) onboard the FY-4A geostationary satellite provides high spatiotemporal resolution visible reflectance data since 12 March 2018. Data assimilation experiments under the framework of observing system simulation experiments have shown great potential of these data to improve the forecasting skills of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. To assimilate the AGRI visible reflectance observations, it is important to evaluate the data quality and to correct the biases contained in these data. In this study, the FY-4A/AGRI channel 2 (0.55 μm - 0.75 μm) reflectance data were evaluated by the equivalents derived from the short-term forecasts of the China Meteorological Administration Mesoscale Model (CMA-MESO) using the Radiative Transfer for TOVS (RTTOV, v 12.3). It is shown that the observation minus background (O – B) statistics could be used to reveal the abrupt changes related to the measurement calibration processes. The mean differences of O - B statistics are negatively biased. Potential causes include the NWP model errors, the unresolved aerosol processes, the forward-operator errors, etc. The relative biases of O-B computed for cloud-free and cloudy pixels were used to correct the systematic differences in different conditions. After applying the bias correction method, the biases and standard deviations of O-B departure were reduced. The bias correction based on ensemble forecasts is more robust than deterministic forecasts due to the advantages of the former in dealing with cloud simulation errors. The findings demonstrate that analyzing the O-B departure is effective to monitor the performance of FY-4A/AGRI visible measurements and to correct the associated biases, which facilitates the assimilation of these data in conventional data assimilation applications.
Multiphysical description of atmospheric pressure interface chemical ionisation in MION2 and Eisele type inlets
Authors: Finkenzeller Henning , Mikkilä Jyri , Righi Cecilia , Juuti Paxton , Sipilä Mikko , Rissanen Matti , Worsnop Douglas , Shcherbinin Aleksei , Sarnela Nina , Kangasluoma Juha
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Chemical ionisation inlets are fundamental instrument components in chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (CIMS). However, the sample gas and reagent ion trajectories are often understood only in a general and qualitative manner. Here we evaluate two atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation inlets (MION2 and Eisele type inlet) with computational fluid dynamics 3D physico-chemical models regarding the reagent ion and sample gas trajectories and estimate their efficiencies of reagent ion production, reagent ion delivery from the ion source volume into the ion–molecule mixing region, and the interaction between reagent ions and target molecules. The models are validated by laboratory measurements and quantitatively reproduce observed sensitivities to tuning parameters, including ion currents and changes in mass spectra. The study elucidates how the different transport and chemical reactions proceed within the studied inlets, that space charge can already be relevant at ion concentrations of as low as 107 cm−3, and compares the two investigated inlet models. The models provide insights into how to operate the inlets and will help in the development of future inlets that further enhance the capability of CIMS.
From insufficient rainfall to livelihoods: understanding the cascade of drought impacts and policy implications
Authors: Cavalcante Louise , Walker David W. , Kchouk Sarra , Ribeiro Neto Germano , Carvalho Taís Maria Nunes , de Brito Mariana Madruga , Pot Wieke , Dewulf Art , van Oel Pieter
Published: April 2024

Abstract. A cascade of drought impacts refers to a series of interconnected events that trigger a chain reaction of impacts, extending beyond water scarcity, to affect agricultural production, socio-economic factors, and the environment. This paper aims to understand the role of society in mitigating drought impacts, particularly through policy responses. Conducting a case study in Ceará state, northeast Brazil, we used a global rare dataset of continuously drought monitoring, complemented by interviews with smallholder farmers and agricultural extension technicians. Additionally, we analyzed policy documents related to public policies implemented at the local level. Employing a classification of drought impacts as our analytical framework, our findings indicate that socio-environmental-economic impacts of drought are less frequently reported, suggesting that development policies are mitigating cascading effects on livelihoods. Most impacts are associated with hydrological impacts of drought, suggesting unintended consequences of investments in increasing water supply. We emphasize the significant contribution of public policies to mitigating the cascading effects of drought, which do not necessarily involve increasing water availability, but strengthen the local economy.
The physical and biogeochemical parameters along the coastal waters of Saudi Arabia during field surveys in summer, 2021
Authors: Abualnaja Yasser O. , Pavlidou Alexandra , Churchill James H. , Hatzianestis Ioannis , Velaoras Dimitris , Kontoyiannis Harilaos , Papadopoulos Vassilis P. , Karageorgis Aristomenis P. , Assimakopoulou Georgia , Kaberi Helen , Kannelopoulos Theodoros , Parinos Constantine , Zeri Christina , Ballas Dionysios , Pitta Elli , Paraskevopoulou Vassiliki , Androni Afroditi , Chourdaki Styliani , Fioraki Vassileia , Iliakis Stylianos , Kabouri Georgia , Konstantinopoulou Angeliki , Krokos Georgios , Papageorgiou Dimitra , Papageorgiou Alkiviadis , Pappas Georgios , Plakidi Elvira , Rousselaki Eleni , Stavrakaki Ioanna , Tzempelikou Eleni , Zachioti Panagiota , Yfanti Anthi , Zoulias Theodore , Al Amoudi Abdulah , Alshehri Yasser , Alharbi Ahmad , Al Sulami Hammad , Boksmati Taha , Mutwalli Rayan , Hoteit Ibrahim
Published: April 2024

Abstract. During the last decades, the coastal areas of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, on the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf, have been subjected to intense economic and industrial growth. As a result, it may be expected that the overall environmental status of Saudi Arabian coastal marine waters has been affected by human activities. As a consequence, adequate management of the Saudi Arabian coastal zone requires an assessment of how the various pressures within this zone impact the quality of seawater and sediments. To this end, environmental surveys were conducted over 15 hotspot areas (areas subject to environmental pressures) in the Saudi Arabian coastal zone of the Red Sea and over three hotspot areas in the Saudi Arabian waters of the Arabian Gulf. The survey in the Red Sea, conducted in June/July 2021, acquired measurements from hotspot areas spanning most of the Saudi coastline, extending from near the Saudi–Jordanian border in the north to Al Shuqaiq and Jizan Economic City (close to the Saudi–Yemen border) in the south. The survey in the Arabian Gulf, carried out in September 2021, included the areas of Al Khobar, Dammam and Ras Al Khair. The main objective of both cruises was to record the physical and biogeochemical parameters along the coastal waters of the kingdom, tracing the dispersion of contaminants related to specific pressures. Taken together, these cruises constitute the first multidisciplinary and geographically comprehensive study of contaminants within the Saudi Arabian coastal waters and sediments. The measurements acquired revealed the influence of various anthropogenic pressures on the coastal marine environment of Saudi Arabia and also highlighted a strong influence of hydrographic conditions on the distribution of biochemical properties in the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. The data can be accessed at SEANOE https://doi.org/10.17882/96463 (Abualnaja et al., 2023), whereas the details of the sampling stations are available at https://mcep.kaust.edu.sa/cruise-postings (last access: 25 March 2024). The dataset includes the parameters shown in Tables 1a, b and 2a.
Sediment transport in South Asian rivers high enough to impact satellite gravimetry
Authors: Klemme Alexandra , Warneke Thorsten , Bovensmann Heinrich , Weigelt Matthias , Müller Jürgen , Rixen Tim , Notholt Justus , Lämmerzahl Claus
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Satellite gravimetry is used to study the global hydrological cycle. It is a key component in the investigation of groundwater depletion on the Indian subcontinent. Terrestrial mass loss caused by river sediment transport is assumed to be below the detection limit in current gravimetric satellites of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On mission. Thus, it is not considered in the calculation of terrestrial water storage (TWS) from such satellite data. However, the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, which drain the Indian subcontinent, constitute one of the world's most sediment-rich river systems. In this study, we estimate the impact of sediment mass loss within their catchments on local trends in gravity and consequential estimates of TWS trends. We find that for the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna catchment sediment transport accounts for (4 ± 2) % of the gravity decrease currently attributed to groundwater depletion. The sediment is mainly eroded from the Himalayas, where correction for sediment mass loss reduces the decrease in TWS by 0.22 cm of equivalent water height per year (14 %). However, sediment mass loss in the Brahmaputra catchment is more than twice that in the Ganges catchment, and sediment is mainly eroded from mountain regions. Thus, the impact on gravimetric TWS trends within the Indo–Gangetic Plain – the main region identified for groundwater depletion – is found to be comparatively small (< 2 %).
Cutout as augmentation in contrastive learning for detecting burn marks in plastic granules
Authors: Jin Muen , Heizmann Michael
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Plastic granules are a common delivery form for creating products in industries such as the plastic manufacturing, construction and automotive ones. In the corresponding sorting process of plastic granules, diverse defect types could appear. Burn marks, which potentially lead to weakened structural integrity of the plastic, are one of the most common types. Thus, plastic granules with burn marks should be filtered out during the sorting process. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based anomaly detection approaches are widely used in the field of visual-based sorting due to the higher accuracy and lower requirement of expert knowledge compared with classic rule-based algorithms (Chandola et al., 2009). In this contribution, a simple data augmentation strategy, cutout, is implemented as a way of simulating defects when combined with a contrastive learning-based methodology and is proven to improve the accuracy of the anomaly detection of burn marks. Different variants of cutout are also evaluated. Specifically, synthetic image data are used due to the lack of real data.
EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF SPATIAL STABILIZATION ACCURACY OF THE DJI AIR 2S QUADCOPTER
Authors:   Moscow State Technical University  of Civil Aviation (Irkutsk Branch), Arefyev Roman O. , Skrypnik Oleg N. ,   Belarusian State Academy of Aviation, Arefyeva (Astrakhanceva) Natalya G. ,   Moscow State Technical University  of Civil Aviation (Irkutsk Branch)
Published: April 2024

The paper proposes a method for assessing the actual accuracy of spatial stabilization of a DJI Air 2S quadcopter using its video camera and processing the resulting video sequences with a developed software package in the mode of hovering over a reference object. The software package was implemented using the OpenCV library in Python. To register deviations of stabilization systems from a given position, it is proposed to use a reference field with known geometric parameters, information about which is entered into the processing algorithm. The main task of the software package is to identify the boundaries of the reference field and measure the geometric sides in pixels which allows you to determine the center of the field and measure its deviation relative to the center of the image as well as determine the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle flight. In the work the height measurement algorithm was tested. This technique is used to evaluate the accuracy of quadcopter stabilization with various combinations of navigation sensors used for this purpose. A statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out and conclusions were drawn about compliance with the characteristics of positioning accuracy declared by the manufacturer using optical obstacle avoidance systems and satellite navigation systems.
SOME PROPOSALS FOR INCREASING USE OF VISUAL AIDS WHEN STUDYING THE DESIGN AND FLIGHT OPERATION OF AVIATION EQUIPMENT
Authors:   Krasnodar Air Force Institute for Pilots named after  Hero of the Soviet Union A.K. Serov of the Ministry  of Defence of the Russian Federation, Penno Anatoly F. , Belovodsky Yury P. ,   Krasnodar Air Force Institute for Pilots named after  Hero of the Soviet Union A.K. Serov of the Ministry  of Defence of the Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the issue of increasing the use of the visual aids of the educational process when studying aviation technology at a flight school. An analysis of the educational and methodological complex of the educational disciplines selected for the study was carried out. The contradictions between the increasing requirements for the training of an aviation specialist and the possibilities of its training in modern conditions are identified. The introduction of simulation dynamic 2D models into the training process of flight personnel is justified as a way of increasing the use of visual aids of educational material taught. A version of a computer program for creating 2D models is presented. Using the example of the author's developments, the advantage of simulating dynamic 2D models in studying the design and operation of aircraft and engine systems and assemblies is shown. An analysis of the results of the implementation of developed innovations to improve visual aids was carried out. An increase in the performance of cadets in theoretical training before flying the aircraft under study was recorded. The recommendations for the development of 2D models and their use in the learning process are also offered.
PROVOCATION AS A PEDAGOGICAL TECHNIQUE FOR DEVELOPING SKILLS OF CRITICAL THINKING AT ENGLISH LESSONS AT A TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Moscow State Technical University   of Civil Aviation (Irkutsk Branch), Portnova Tatyana Yu.
Published: April 2024

The paper is continuation of the author’s works aimed at developing skills of technical students’ critical thinking at English lessons. The research subject includes provocative techniques which were tested when teaching English and Aviation English the first-fourth academic year students at MSTU CA, Irkutsk branch. The author analyses the positive, constructive potential and efficiency of provocations and demonstrates variants of using provocative techniques in learning situations. Various forms of provocations in educational environment are of certain research interest. Practical significance of the work is in developing exercises with the use of provocations on professionally oriented material for aviation specialists’ training.
PILOT AGE AND INJURIES IN AVIATION
Authors:   Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation, Nikolaykin Nikolay I. , Sigaleva Elena Ed. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rybalkina Alexandra L. ,   Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation, Pasekova Olga B. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2024

The results of an analysis of the influence of pilot age on injury statistics in civil aviation are described. The proportion of aviation accidents caused by human actions remains the same and even tends to increase. Workers continue to get injured during ground handling operations for aircraft. The authors' assessment of the various risk factors contribution to ongoing negative events confirms the human factor prevalence. Statistics on the activities of civil aviation was analyzed. Examples of aviation accidents involving general aviation aircraft and medical aircraft transporting patients who required emergency medical care were considered. It has been shown that there is a peak in the aviation accidents for pilots aged 50-59 years, and this peak is observed among experienced pilots with more than 5,000 hours of flight time. For pilots aged 40-49 years, half of the accidents occurred among aircraft commanders with 1,000 ... 5,000 hours of flight time, and about one third among pilots with less than 500 hours of flight time. It was revealed that for domestic general aviation in 2020, the main causes of aviation accidents were such elements of human factor as piloting errors associated with deficiencies in training and little flight experience; loss of spatial orientation in weather conditions that do not comply with visual flight rules, when the underlying surface is white, when caught in a snow whirlwind, as well as a collision with power line wires.
SYNTHESIS OF AN ALGORITHM FOR ESTIMATING PARAMETERS OF A MULTIPOSITION SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM AND RESEARCH OF FILTERING DIVERGENCE
Authors:   Moscow State Technical University   of Civil Aviation (Irkutsk Branch), Erokhin Vyacheslav V.
Published: April 2024

The accuracy of aircraft position measurements directly affects flight safety and is one of the most important tactical characteristics. The introduction of new advanced surveillance tools, such as multi-position surveillance systems (MLAT), can significantly increase the level of flight safety, as well as improve the efficiency of airspace use. The authors consider the task of improving the quality of MLAT functioning and increasing the accuracy of estimating the aircraft coordinates. The accuracy of position-fixing is determined by the error in measuring the time of signal arrival under the influence of noise and interference. Random disturbances must be taken into account to ensure high-quality MLAT operation. This is achieved by applying the methods of Kalman filtration theory. Therefore, to solve the problem of estimating the MLAT state variables, it is proposed to use a Kalman filter (KF). The effectiveness of using the Kalman filter depends on the adequacy of mathematical models and real processes. Model inaccuracies associated with the functioning of navigation systems lead to KF divergence. The paper presents the results of theoretical studies and simulating the MLAT functioning processes based on the implementation of the KF algorithm.
Lessons learnt from the multi-centre LAparoscopic Versus Abdominal hysterectomy (LAVA) randomised controlled trial
Authors: Antoun L , Bevan S , Mahmud A , Jones L , Middleton L , Woolley R , Smith P , Fatemah Sairally B.Z. , Saridogan E , Cooper K , Clark T.J.
Published: April 2024

Background: The LAparoscopic Versus Abdominal hysterectomy (LAVA) randomised controlled trial comparing laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) and abdominal hysterectomy (AH) closed prematurely on the grounds of futility. Here we identify the challenges faced and lessons learnt.

Objectives: To explore the views and experiences of clinical/research staff in order to understand how these might act as barriers to trial participation and recruitment.

Materials and Methods: Review of the trial progress and collation of the views and experiences of clinical/ research staff on all aspects of the trial. Data were collected from transcribed conversations, email, phone, or video conferencing interactions and analysed descriptively.

Main outcome measures: Site set-up milestones, recruitment rates and reasons provided by clinical/research staff for site’s declining to participate. Opinions, preferences and experiences of clinicians/researchers and challenges to participation and recruitment.

Results: The mean time from initial site contact to opening was 253 days and 68 days to randomise their first participant. 265 patients were screened from 13 sites over 13 months, 154 were eligible, and 75 (59%) were randomised. Of the 53 not randomised, 23 (43%) women preferred LH whilst 6 (11%) preferred AH. The main reasons given for failure to recruit or activate set-up in the 21 sites open or in set-up, were lack of research/ clinical capacity imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic and lack of clinician equipoise.

Conclusions: The main reasons for the LAVA trial failure were lack of equipoise amongst surgeons and the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical/research services.

What is new? Surgeons’ preference for laparoscopic hysterectomy is not shared by most patients. Many patients prefer an open hysterectomy to a laparoscopic one.
Defining a Uterine Extraction Score based on a Volume/Access Ratio in Total Hysterectomy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Schoenen S , de Landsheere L
Published: April 2024

Background: Regardless of the technique used, extraction of the uterus is a crucial step in hysterectomy. There is currently no scoring system to predict its feasibility.

Objectives: Our main objective was to determine a predictive score of uterine extraction feasibility to optimise surgical planning of total hysterectomy. As secondary objectives, we examined the correlation between uterine volume predicted by preoperative ultrasound and the final weight of the surgical specimen and analysed the impact of the uterine extraction modality on operative and hospitalisation times.

Materials and Methods: We defined a Uterine Extraction Score (UES) based on the ratio between uterine sizes and vaginal access. This score was retrospectively applied to a cohort of 178 patients who were hysterectomised for benign conditions between January 2019 and December 2022.

Main outcome measures: The UES allows identification of three groups of decreasing feasibility of vaginal extraction, symbolised by traffic light colours: green - vaginal extraction without morcellation, orange -­vaginal extraction with morcellation, red - abdominal morcellation by mini-laparotomy or primary laparotomy.

Results: The results show that the UES-­predicted, and the observed routes of extraction concord in 92% of cases. There is a strong correlation between estimated volume and final uterine weight. Uterine morcellation lengthens the operative time and the hospital stay.

Conclusions: The UES seems to be a reliable tool to predict the route of uterine extraction in total hysterectomy.

What is New? The development of a new scoring system empowers surgeons with decisive information to enhance perioperative outcomes.
The first robotic-assisted hysterectomy below the bikini line with the Dexter robotic system™
Authors: Alkatout I , Becker T , Nuhn P , Pochhammer J , Peters G , Donald K.M. , Mettler L , Ackermann J
Published: April 2024

Background: Robotic-assisted hysterectomy (RAH) is a widely accepted minimally invasive approach for uterus removal. However, as RAH is typically performed in the umbilical region, it usually results in scars in cosmetically suboptimal locations. This is the first case of RAH with cervicosacropexy performed below the bikini line, using the new Dexter robotic system™.

Objectives: The aim of this article is to show the surgical steps of the first RAH with cervicosacropexy performed below the bikini line with the new Dexter robotic system™ (Distalmotion), and furthermore assess the feasibility of this approach using this robotic platform.

Materials and methods: A 43-year-old woman with uterine adenomyosis and recurrent uterine prolapse underwent a robotic-assisted subtotal hysterectomy with cervicosacropexy, performed below the bikini line, using the Dexter robotic system™, at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKHS) in Kiel, Germany.

Main outcome measures: Perioperative data, surgical approach specifics, objective, and subjective outcomes of this new approach.

Results: The procedure was performed without intra-operative complications; estimated blood loss was 10 ml. Operative time was 150 minutes, console time 120 minutes, total docking time 6 minutes. Dexter performed as expected; no device-related issues or robotic arm collisions occurred. The patient did not require pain medication and was released on the second postoperative day.

Conclusion: RAH performed below the bikini line using the Dexter robotic system™ is a feasible, safe, and adequate procedure. These initial results should be confirmed and further extensively refurbished with larger patient cohorts, and functional and psychological outcomes need further investigation.
Current opinion on large-scale prospective myomectomy databases toward evidence-based preconception and antenatal counselling utilising a standardised myomectomy operation note
Authors: Strong S.M. , McDougall A.A. , Abdelmohsen A.M. , Maku A , Dehnel A , Mallick R , Odejinmi F
Published: April 2024

Background: No large-scale databases exist of pregnancy outcomes and rate of uterine rupture for women after myomectomy, resulting in inconsistent antenatal counselling and decision-making regarding mode and timing of delivery. Standardising information collected at myomectomy may facilitate data collection, informing prenatal/ antenatal counselling.

Objectives: To determine clinician opinions regarding standardisation of myomectomy operation notes to allow comprehensive data input into a prospective database of pregnancy outcomes, toward an evidence-based approach to decision making regarding timing and mode of delivery in subsequent pregnancies.

Materials and Methods: A google forms survey was emailed to all consultant (attending-level) obstetricians and gynaecologists across 25 hospitals in London, Kent, Surrey, and Sussex (UK) between March and May 2022. To enhance response rates, two further email reminders were sent alongside in-person reminders from selected local unit representatives.

Main outcome measures: Senior clinician opinion for characteristics necessary to collect at time of surgery to develop a widescale database of post myomectomy pregnancy outcomes.

Results: 209/475 (44%) responses received; 95% (198/209) agreed with standardising operation notes. Criteria selected for inclusion included cavity breach (98%, 194/198), location (98%, 194/198), number of fibroids removed (93%, 185/198) and number of uterine incisions (96%, 190/198).

Conclusions: Gynaecologists support standardising myomectomy operation notes to inform the development of prospective large-scale databases of pregnancy outcomes after myomectomy.

What is new? Acquisition of clinician opinions on the development and content of a standardised myomectomy operation note to aid the development of a pregnancy-outcome database for women after myomectomy.
Myocardial Injury After COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Myocarditis: Natural History
Authors:   Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Alhussein Muhammad Mustafa
Published: April 2024

Background : An uncommon side effect of the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine is acute myocarditis. The natural history of this problem is poorly understood. Methods : In 20 consecutive patients meeting the criteria, baseline and convalescent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging evaluations were carried out. current Lake Louise mRNA-based vaccination criteria within 10 days of acute myocarditis. Between baseline and convalescence, CMR-based changes in left ventricular volumes, mass, ejection fraction (LVEF), tissue inflammation markers (native T1 and T2 mapping), and fibrosis markers (late gadolinium enhancement [LGE] and extracellular volume [ECV]) were evaluated. Clinical results and cardiac symptoms were recorded. Conclusions : Beyond three months of recovery in this young patient group, COVID-19 mRNA vaccineeassociated myocarditis demonstrated rapid improvements in CMRbased indices of edoema, contractile function, and overall LGE burden. However, regional fibrosis after edoema resolution was frequently seen, which supported the need for continuous observation.
Cultivating Resilience in Part-Time Doctoral Students
Authors: Murphy Liam
Published: April 2024

In an increasingly competitive world, master’s degrees are becoming the new common educational currency, leading to a markable increase in the number of students pursuing Professional Doctorates to stand out, boost their professional standing, and increase their income. The rise of Professional Doctorates is eclipsing the growth of traditional PhDs, and the academic intakes of the future look to be built of part-time professionals, who must also balance additional stressors such as family and personal life and their day-to-day careers. As such, this author recommends academic institutes promote the skills of resilience to help part-time students manage day-to-day stressors and embark on a more successful doctoral journey. This is an opinion-based paper that utilises lessons learned from the author’s own academic journey and the classic underpinning literature on resilience to recommend three sets of skills and mindsets that could help boost part-time doctoral students’ resilience.
Cognitive Skills Within the Inner Development Goals (IDG) Framework
Authors: Shtaltovna Yuliya , Rodriguez Carreon Vivianna , Lindencrona Fredrik , Donald William E.
Published: April 2024

Our theoretical manuscript aims to explore the role that dimension two, ‘Thinking-Cognitive Skills’ of the Inner Development Goals (IDG) framework, can play in empowering sustainable careers and sustainable development. We begin by setting the scene before introducing the theoretical framework, which combines the IDG framework and Sustainable Career Ecosystems Theory (SCET). Our attention then turns to systematically considering each of the components of dimension two of the IDG framework. These include (a) critical thinking, (b) complexity awareness, (c) perspective skills, (d) sense-making, and (e) long-term orientation and visioning.  The theoretical contribution comes from integrating the IDG framework and SCET. Practical implications come from offering eight pragmatic recommendations to empower students in the context of higher education to prepare for sustainable careers and sustainable development: (i) curriculum design, (ii) interdisciplinary approach, (iii) experiential learning, (iv) faculty development, (v) assessment and evaluation, (vi) campus culture, (vii) collaboration and external partners, and (viii) research and innovation. Limitations and a future research agenda are also provided.