bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RAIN: machine learning-based identification for HIV-1 bNAbs
Authors: Foglierini Mathilde , Nortier Pauline , Schelling Rachel , Winiger Rahel R. , Jacquet Philippe , O’Dell Sijy , Demurtas Davide , Mpina Maxmillian , Lweno Omar , Muller Yannick D. , Petrovas Constantinos , Daubenberger Claudia , Perreau Matthieu , Doria-Rose Nicole A. , Gottardo Raphael , Perez Laurent
Published: June 2024

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are promising candidates for the treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infections. Despite their critical importance, automatic detection of HIV-1 bNAbs from immune repertoires is still lacking. Here, we develop a straightforward computational method for the Rapid Automatic Identification of bNAbs (RAIN) based on machine learning methods. In contrast to other approaches, which use one-hot encoding amino acid sequences or structural alignment for prediction, RAIN uses a combination of selected sequence-based features for the accurate prediction of HIV-1 bNAbs. We demonstrate the performance of our approach on non-biased, experimentally obtained and sequenced BCR repertoires from HIV-1 immune donors. RAIN processing leads to the successful identification of distinct HIV-1 bNAbs targeting the CD4-binding site of the envelope glycoprotein. In addition, we validate the identified bNAbs using an in vitro neutralization assay and we solve the structure of one of them in complex with the soluble native-like heterotrimeric envelope glycoprotein by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Overall, we propose a method to facilitate and accelerate HIV-1 bNAbs discovery from non-selected immune repertoires.
Bound star clusters observed in a lensed galaxy 460 Myr after the Big Bang
Authors: Adamo Angela , Bradley Larry D. , Vanzella Eros , Claeyssens Adélaïde , Welch Brian , Diego Jose M. , Mahler Guillaume , Oguri Masamune , Sharon Keren , Abdurro’uf  , Hsiao Tiger Yu-Yang , Xu Xinfeng , Messa Matteo , Lassen Augusto E. , Zackrisson Erik , Brammer Gabriel , Coe Dan , Kokorev Vasily , Ricotti Massimo , Zitrin Adi , Fujimoto Seiji , Inoue Akio K. , Resseguier Tom , Rigby Jane R. , Jiménez-Teja Yolanda , Windhorst Rogier A. , Hashimoto Takuya , Tamura Yoichi
Published: June 2024

The Cosmic Gems arc is among the brightest and highly magnified galaxies observed at redshift z ≈ 10.2 (ref. 1). However, it is an intrinsically ultraviolet faint galaxy, in the range of those now thought to drive the reionization of the Universe2–4. Hitherto the smallest features resolved in a galaxy at a comparable redshift are between a few hundreds and a few tens of parsecs (pc)5,6. Here we report JWST observations of the Cosmic Gems. The light of the galaxy is resolved into five star clusters located in a region smaller than 70 pc. They exhibit minimal dust attenuation and low metallicity, ages younger than 50 Myr and intrinsic masses of about 106M⊙. Their lensing-corrected sizes are approximately 1 pc, resulting in stellar surface densities near 105M⊙ pc−2, three orders of magnitude higher than typical young star clusters in the local Universe7. Despite the uncertainties inherent to the lensing model, they are consistent with being gravitationally bound stellar systems, that is, proto-globular clusters. We conclude that star cluster formation and feedback likely contributed to shaping the properties of galaxies during the epoch of reionization.
Transcriptomic analysis of intestine following administration of a transglutaminase 2 inhibitor to prevent gluten-induced intestinal damage in celiac disease
Authors: Dotsenko Valeriia , Tewes Bernhard , Hils Martin , Pasternack Ralf , Isola Jorma , Taavela Juha , Popp Alina , Sarin Jani , Huhtala Heini , Hiltunen Pauliina , Zimmermann Timo , Mohrbacher Ralf , Greinwald Roland , Lundin Knut E. A. , Schuppan Detlef , Mäki Markku , Viiri Keijo ,   CEC-3 Investigators, Kull Karin , Koskenpato Jari , Scheinin Mika , Lähdeaho Marja-Leena , Schumann Michael , Zopf Yurdagül , Stallmach Andreas , Lohse Ansgar W. , Fusco Stefano , Langhorst Jost , Török Helga Paula , Byrnes Valerie , Kupcinskas Juozas , Hovde Øistein , Jahnsen Jørgen , Biedermann Luc , Zeitz Jonas
Published: June 2024

Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CeD) by deamidating dietary gluten peptides, which facilitates antigenic presentation and a strong anti-gluten T cell response. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the efficacy of the TG2 inhibitor ZED1227 by performing transcriptional analysis of duodenal biopsies from individuals with CeD on a long-term gluten-free diet before and after a 6-week gluten challenge combined with 100 mg per day ZED1227 or placebo. At the transcriptome level, orally administered ZED1227 effectively prevented gluten-induced intestinal damage and inflammation, providing molecular-level evidence that TG2 inhibition is an effective strategy for treating CeD. ZED1227 treatment preserved transcriptome signatures associated with mucosal morphology, inflammation, cell differentiation and nutrient absorption to the level of the gluten-free diet group. Nearly half of the gluten-induced gene expression changes in CeD were associated with the epithelial interferon-γ response. Moreover, data suggest that deamidated gluten-induced adaptive immunity is a sufficient step to set the stage for CeD pathogenesis. Our results, with the limited sample size, also suggest that individuals with CeD might benefit from an HLA-DQ2/HLA-DQ8 stratification based on gene doses to maximally eliminate the interferon-γ-induced mucosal damage triggered by gluten.
Effects of semaglutide with and without concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor use in participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease in the FLOW trial
Authors: Mann Johannes F. E. , Rossing Peter , Bakris George , Belmar Nicolas , Bosch-Traberg Heidrun , Busch Robert , Charytan David M. , Hadjadj Samy , Gillard Pieter , Górriz José Luis , Idorn Thomas , Ji Linong , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Perkovic Vlado , Rasmussen Søren , Schmieder Roland E. , Pratley Richard E. , Tuttle Katherine R.
Published: June 2024

People with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease have a high risk for kidney failure and cardiovascular (CV) complications. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) independently reduce CV and kidney events. The effect of combining both is unclear. FLOW trial participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease were stratified by baseline SGLT2i use (N = 550) or no use (N = 2,983) and randomized to semaglutide/placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of kidney failure, ≥50% estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction, kidney death or CV death. The risk of the primary outcome was 24% lower in all participants treated with semaglutide versus placebo (95% confidence interval: 34%, 12%). The primary outcome occurred in 41/277 (semaglutide) versus 38/273 (placebo) participants on SGLT2i at baseline (hazard ratio 1.07; 95% confidence interval: 0.69, 1.67; P = 0.755) and in 290/1,490 versus 372/1,493 participants not taking SGLT2i at baseline (hazard ratio 0.73; 0.63, 0.85; P < 0.001; P interaction 0.109). Three confirmatory secondary outcomes were predefined. Treatment differences favoring semaglutide for total estimated glomerular filtration rate slope (ml min−1/1.73 m2/year) were 0.75 (−0.01, 1.5) in the SGLT2i subgroup and 1.25 (0.91, 1.58) in the non-SGLT2i subgroup, P interaction 0.237. Semaglutide benefits on major CV events and all-cause death were similar regardless of SGLT2i use (P interaction 0.741 and 0.901, respectively). The benefits of semaglutide in reducing kidney outcomes were consistent in participants with/without baseline SGLT2i use; power was limited to detect smaller but clinically relevant effects. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03819153.
Transcriptome sequencing of seven deep marine invertebrates
Authors: Burns John A. , Daniels Joost , Becker Kaitlyn P. , Casagrande David , Roberts Paul , Orenstein Eric , Vogt Daniel M. , Teoh Zhi Ern , Wood Ryan , Yin Alexander H. , Genot Baptiste , Wood Robert J. , Katija Kakani , Phillips Brennan T. , Gruber David F.
Published: June 2024

We present 4k video and whole transcriptome data for seven deep-sea invertebrate animals collected in the Eastern Pacific Ocean during a research expedition onboard the Schmidt Ocean Institute’s R/V Falkor in August of 2021. The animals include one jellyfish (Atolla sp.), three siphonophores (Apolemia sp., Praya sp., and Halistemma sp.), one larvacean (Bathochordaeus mcnutti), one tunicate (Pyrosomatidae sp.), and one ctenophore (Lampocteis sp.). Four of the animals were sequenced with long-read RNA sequencing technology, such that the reads themselves define a reference assembly for those animals. The larvacean tissues were successfully preserved in situ and has paired long-read reference data and short read quantitative transcriptomic data for within-specimen analyses of gene expression. Additionally, for three animals we provide quantitative image data, and a 3D model for one siphonophore. The paired image and transcriptomic data can be used for species identification, species description, and reference genetic data for these deep-sea animals.
Preparation and characterization of novel flame-retardant paint of substituted cyclodiphosph(V)azane sulfonomide and their Cu(II), Cd(II) metal complexes as new additives for exterior wood coating protection
Authors: El khashab Narmeen G. , Albohy Salwa A. H. , El-Wahab H. Abd , Fouda Moustafa M. G. , Sharaby Carmen M.
Published: June 2024

The development of flame-retardant materials has become an important research direction. For the past dozen years, researchers have been exploring flame retardants with high flame-retardant efficiency, low toxicity, less smoke, or other excellent performance flame retardants. Therefore, this work aimed to synthesize new cyclodiphosph(V)azane derivatives and their Cu(II) and Cd(II) metal complexes and investigated their potential applications as high flame-retardant efficiency. Various techniques were used to characterize the prepared ligand H2L and its metal complexes, including elemental analyses, mass spectra, conductivity measurements, electronic spectral data UV–vis, FT-IR, 1H,13C-NMR, TGA, XRD, and molecular docking experiments studies were M. tuberculosis receptors (PDB ID: 5UHF) and the crystal structure of human topoisomerase II alpha (PDB ID: 4FM9). Wood-based paint was physically mixed with the ligand H2L and its metal complexes. The obtained results of mechanical characteristics of the dried paint layers were noticed to improve, such as gloss value, which ranged from 85 to 95, hardness 1.5–2.5 kg, adhesion 4B to 5B, and impact resistance, which improved from 1.3 to 2.5 J. Moreover, the obtained results of flame-retardant properties showed a significant retardant impact compared to the blank sample, such as ignitability, which includes the heat flux which increased from 10 to 25 kW/m2, and ignition time, ranging from 550 to 1200 s, respectively, and limiting oxygen index (LOI) (%) which has been increased from 21 to 130 compared with the plywood sample and sample blank. The ordering activity of the observed results was noticed that coated sample based on Cd(II) metal complexes > coated sample based on Cu(II) metal complexes of Cyclophosphazene ligand > coated sample based on phosphazene ligand H2L > coated sample without additives > uncoated sample. This efficiency may be attributed to (1) the H2L is an organophosphorus compound, which contains P, N, Cl, and aromatic six- and five-member ring, (2) Cu(II) and Cd(II) metal complexes characterized by high thermal stability, good stability, excellent performance flame retardants, and wide application.
Temporal dynamics of user activities: deep learning strategies and mathematical modeling for long-term and short-term profiling
Authors: Kayed Mohammed , Azzam Fatima , Ali Hussien , Ali Abdelmgied
Published: June 2024

Profiling social media users is an analytical approach to generate an extensive blueprint of user’s personal characteristics, which can be useful for a diverse range of applications, such as targeted marketing and personalized recommendations. Although social user profiling has gained substantial attention in recent years, effectively constructing a collaborative model that could describe long and short-term profiles is still challenging. In this paper, we will discuss the profiling problem from two perspectives; how to mathematically model and track user’s behavior over short and long periods and how to enhance the classification of user’s activities. Using mathematical equations, our model can define periods in which the user's interests abruptly changed. A dataset consisting of 30,000 tweets was built and manually annotated into 10 topic categories. Bi-LSTM and GRU models are applied to classify the user’s activities representing his interests, which then are utilized to create and model the dynamic profile. In addition, the effect of word embedding techniques and pre-trained classification models on the accuracy of the classification process is explored in this research.
Morphological and proteomic study of waterlogging tolerance in cotton
Authors: Zhang Hao , Xie Zhangshu , Tu Xiaoju , Liu Aiyu , Chen Jinxiang , He Yunxin , Wu Bibo , Zhou Zhonghua
Published: June 2024

Floating seedling cultivation technique is a novel seedling method in cotton and it provides an ideal model to study cotton growing under waterlogging stress. Morphological character and proteomic profile of the primary root from the seedling cultured by the new technology were evaluated in this study. Compared to seedlings cultured by the traditional method, the diameter of the taproot from floating technology is small at all five seedling stages from one-leaf stage to five-leaf stage. There are similar changes between the thickness of cortex and diameter of stele, which increased from the one- to the two-leaf stage but decreased from the two- to the five-leaf stage. At the one-leaf stage, the number and volume of mitochondria in the primary root-tip cells were less than those in the control. At the two-leaf stage, there was significantly less electron-dense material in the primary root-tip cells than those in the control group. From the one- to the two-leaf stage, the vacuole volume was significantly smaller than that in the control. Total 28 differentially expressed proteins were revealed from aquatic and control group roots of cotton seedlings at the three-leaf stage by two-dimensional electrophoresis, which included 24 up-regulated and four down-regulated proteins. The relative expression of the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) gene in aquatic roots increased from the one- to the four-leaf stage but declined rapidly from the four- to the five-leaf stage. The relative expression of the 14–3-3b gene tended to decrease from the one- to the five-leaf stage. The PGK and 14–3-3b genes were specifically expressed in the aquatic roots at the three-leaf stage. In brief, these changes induced waterlogging resistance in the aquatic roots of cotton seedlings in the floating nursery, thereby causing the roots to adapt to the aquatic environment, promoting the growth and development of cotton seedlings.
Drying kinetics, thermodynamic properties and physicochemical characteristics of Rue leaves
Authors: Mabasso Geraldo Acácio , Cabral Jennifer Cristhine Oliveira , Barbosa Karine Feliciano , Resende Osvaldo , de Oliveira Daniel Emanuel Cabral , de Almeida Adrielle Borges
Published: June 2024

Generally, medicinal plants are harvested with high amount of water, so it is essential to subject the product to drying as soon as possible to prevent degradation before application. Most compounds from medicinal plants are sensitive to drying processes, so it is important to adjust the drying conditions. The objective of this study was to describe the drying of Rue (Ruta chalepensis L.) leaves, select the models that best fit each drying condition, determine the activation energy and thermodynamic properties of the leaves, and evaluate their quality after drying. Leaves were harvested with moisture content of 3.55 ± 0.05 kg water kg−1dry matter and subjected to drying at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. Valcam model showed the best fit to represent the drying kinetics of Rue leaves at temperatures of 40 and 70 °C, and Midilli model proved to be better for the temperatures of 50 and 60 °C. Effective diffusion coefficient increased linearly with the increase in drying air temperature, and the activation energy was 60.58 kJ mol−1. Enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy values ranged from 57.973 to 57.723 kJ mol−1, from − 0.28538 to − 0.28614 kJ mol−1 K−1 and from 147.34 to 155.91 kJ mol−1, respectively, for the temperature range of 40–70 °C. Drying air temperature promoted darkening or tendency to loss of green color; increase in drying air temperature leads to greater discoloration, as well as a higher concentration of total phenolic compounds (about 221.10 mg GAE mL−1 g–1 dm), with a peak at temperature of 60 °C.
Development of a new class of stable and adaptable free-standing fibre mats with high room-temperature hydroxide-ion conductivity
Authors: Hérou Servann , Kasongo-Ntumba Pauline , Periasamy Arun Prakash , King James , McVea Molly , Doszczeczko Szymon , Bushby Andy , Jorge Sobrido Ana Belen , Titirici Maria-Magdalena , Szilágyi Petra Ágota
Published: June 2024

For alkaline anion-exchange membrane electrolysers and fuel cells to become a technological reality, hydroxide-ion (OH−) conducting membranes that are flexible, robust, affording high OH− conductivity, and synthesised in a low-cost and scalable way must be developed. In this paper, we engineer a stable, self-supporting, and flexible fibre mat using a low-cost ZIF-8 metal–organic framework composited with ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and widely used polyacrylonitrile as polymeric backbone. We obtain mats with a high intrinsic OH− conductivity for a metal–organic framework-based material already at room temperature, without added ion-conductor polymers. This approach will contribute to the development of low-cost and tuneable ion-conducting membranes.
Cervical spinal cord stimulation exerts anti-epileptic effects in a rat model of epileptic seizure through the suppression of CCL2-mediated cascades
Authors: Okazaki Yosuke , Sasaki Tatsuya , Hosomoto Kakeru , Tanimoto Shun , Kawai Koji , Nagase Takayuki , Sugahara Chiaki , Yabuno Satoru , Kin Kyohei , Sasada Susumu , Yasuhara Takao , Tanaka Shota , Date Isao
Published: June 2024

Epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is indicated for the treatment of intractable pain and is widely used in clinical practice. In previous basic research, the therapeutic effects of SCS have been demonstrated for epileptic seizure. However, the mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of SCS and the influence of epileptic seizure. First, SCS in the cervical spine was performed. The rats were divided into four groups: control group and treatment groups with SCS conducted at 2, 50, and 300 Hz frequency. Two days later, convulsions were induced by the intraperitoneal administration of kainic acid, followed by video monitoring to assess seizures. We also evaluated glial cells in the hippocampus by fluorescent immunostaining, electroencephalogram measurements, and inflammatory cytokines such as C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Seizure frequency and the number of glial cells were significantly lower in the 300 Hz group than in the control group. SCS at 300 Hz decreased gene expression level of CCL2, which induces monocyte migration. SCS has anti-seizure effects by inhibiting CCL2-mediated cascades. The suppression of CCL2 and glial cells may be associated with the suppression of epileptic seizure.
Bmi-1 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibits cell apoptosis of human retinoblastoma cells via RKIP
Authors: Li Qian , Fu Te , Wei Ning , Wang Qiaoling , Zhang Xin
Published: June 2024

Retinoblastoma is one of the most common ocular malignancies in children. Bmi-1, a member of the Polycomb group family of transcriptional repressors, is expressed in a variety of tumors. The purpose of our study was to explore the role of Bmi-1 in retinoblastoma. RT-qPCR and western blot were used for calculating the mRNA and protein levels of Bmi-1 and RKIP. MTT, Wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to measure the proliferation, migration and invasion in retinoblastoma cells. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The volume and mass of transplanted tumors were detected in nude mice. Bmi-1 was over expressed, and RKIP was low expressed in retinoblastoma cells. Bmi-1 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion and suppressed cell apoptosis of Y79 and SO-RB50 cells. Downregulation of Bmi-1 and overexpression of RKIP inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and increased cell apoptosis. The functions of Bmi-1 knockdown on retinoblastoma cells were blocked by RKIP knockdown, but promoted by RKIP. Down-regulated Bmi-1 inhibited xenograft tumor growth, and RKIP exacerbated this inhibitory effect. Bmi-1 served as a potential therapeutic target for improving the efficacy of clinical treatment in retinoblastoma. All the findings revealed the functions of Bmi-1/RKIP axis in retinoblastoma tumorigenesis.
Soil methane emissions from plain poplar (Populus spp.) plantations with contrasting soil textures
Authors: Ma Xuehong , Feng Huili , Guo Jiahuan , Peng Changhui , Kneeshaw Daniel , Wang Weifeng
Published: June 2024

The forest soil methane (CH4) flux exhibits high spatiotemporal variability. Understanding these variations and their driving factors is crucial for accurately assessing the forest CH4 budget. In this study, we monitored the diurnal and seasonal variations in soil CH4 fluxes in two poplar (Populus spp.) plantations (Sihong and Dongtai) with different soil textures using the static chamber-based method. The results showed that the annual average soil CH4 flux in the Sihong and Dongtai poplar plantations was 4.27 ± 1.37 kg CH4-C ha–1 yr–1 and 1.92 ± 1.07 kg CH4-C ha–1 yr–1, respectively. Both plantations exhibited net CH4 emissions during the growing season, with only weak CH4 absorption (–0.01 to –0.007 mg m–2 h–1) during the non-growing season. Notably, there was a significant difference in soil CH4 flux between the clay loam of the Sihong poplar plantation and the sandy loam of the Dongtai poplar plantation. From August to December 2019 and from July to August and November 2020, the soil CH4 flux in the Sihong poplar plantation was significantly higher than in the Dongtai poplar plantation. Moreover, the soil CH4 flux significantly increased with rising soil temperature and soil water content. Diurnally, the soil CH4 flux followed a unimodal variation pattern at different growing stages of poplars, with peaks occurring at noon and in the afternoon. However, the soil CH4 flux did not exhibit a consistent seasonal pattern across different years, likely due to substantial variations in precipitation and soil water content. Overall, our study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal variations in forest soil CH4 flux with different soil textures. This understanding is vital for developing reasonable forest management strategies and reducing uncertainties in the global CH4 budget.
Distribution and prevalence of refractive error in Iranian adult population results of the PERSIAN eye cohort study PECS
Authors: Alipour Fateme , Mohammadzadeh Maryam , Jafari Fatemeh , Lashay Alireza , Yaseri Mehdi , Motamed-Gorji Nazgol , Alizadeh Yousef , Soleimani Mohammadreza , Mirzaei Mohammad , Shahraki Kourosh , Salimpour Samira , Shoja Mohammad Reza , Khataminia Gholamreza , Tahkor Abolfazl , Tavakoli Roya , Somi Mohammad hossein , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Joukar Farahnaz , Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza , Saki Nader , Hashemi Hassan
Published: June 2024

The Persian Eye Cohort Study, a population-based cross-sectional study from 2015 to 2020, examined refractive error prevalence among 48,618 Iranian adults aged 31 to 70. The study encompassed six centers in Iran, employing random cluster sampling for demographic, medical, and socioeconomic data collection through interviews. Ophthalmic exams included visual acuity, automated and manual objective refraction, subjective refraction, slit lamp, and fundus examinations. Using the spherical equivalent definition, the sample population was categorized into groups. Results indicated a mean age of 49.52 ± 9.31 and a mean refractive error of 0.26 diopters (D) ± 1.6 SD (95% CI − 0.27 to -0.24), ranging from -26.1 to + 18.5 SD. Prevalence of myopia (< −0.5D) and hyperopia (> + 0.5D) was 22.6% (95% CI 22.2–23%) and 12.5% (95% CI 12.1–12.8%), respectively. Regarding different age groups, the prevalence of hyperopia and astigmatism exhibited a steady and significant rise with increasing age (p-value < 0.001 for both). The prevalence of Myopia, however, showed a distinctive pattern, initially increasing in adults under 45, declining in those aged 55–64, and rising again among individuals aged 60 and older. Female gender, older age, urban residency, higher education, higher income, and Fars ethnicity were significantly related to a higher prevalence of myopia (p-value < 0.001 for all). Female gender (p-value < 0.001), aging (p-value < 0.001), urban residency (p-value = 0.029), and lower-income (p-value = 0.005) were significantly related to higher prevalence of hyperopia. Astigmatism (> 1D) was prevalent in 25.5% of participants (95% CI 25.1–25.9%) and correlated with male gender, aging, urban residency, illiteracy, and higher income (p-value < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.014, respectively). The study’s comparison with regional and international surveys highlighted the increase in myopia among those over 65 due to higher nuclear cataract rates in older adults. Myopia positively related to education, income, and urban residency, while hyperopia did not exhibit such associations.
Comparison of visual outcomes and optical aberrations after SMILE with intraoperative Kappa angle adjustments between small and large Kappa angles
Authors: Lai Xiaojuan , Liu Xi , Zeng Tao , Huang Yi , Yang Xin
Published: June 2024

This study compares postoperative visual outcomes and optical aberrations after Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) in patients with both small (S-Kappa: Kappa angle < 0.2 mm) and large Kappa (L-Kappa: Kappa angle ≥ 0.2 mm) angles. The evaluated aberrations include total higher-order aberrations (HOAs), horizontal coma (HC), vertical coma (VC), and spherical aberrations (SA), with procedures incorporating intraoperative Kappa angle adjustments. We retrospectively analyzed patient records undergoing SMILE utilizing linear mixed models (LMM). We assessed adjusted mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), Strehl ratio (SR), total HOAs, VC, and SA at pupils of 3 mm and 6 mm for both S-Kappa and L-Kappa. The disparities between S-Kappa and L-Kappa were evaluated by LMM's adjusted mean differences. The differences in optical metrics were also assessed in eyes grouped by myopia levels: low, moderate, and high. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on a threshold of Kappa angle at 0.3 mm. Eight-five patients (169 eyes) were analyzed, and no significant pre-operative difference was found in UDVA (p = .222) or spherical equivalent (p = .433). Post-operative differences were found in SR at 3 mm pupil size (−0.06, p = .022), total HOA 3 mm (0.15, p = .022), HC 3 mm (0.04, p = .042), VC 3 mm and 6 mm (−0.08, p = .041; 0.04, p = .041). The stratified analysis for high myopia revealed significant differences in UDVA (−0.04, p = .037), HC 3 mm (0.07, p = .03), VC 6 mm (−0.21, p = .001), and SA 3 mm and 6 mm (0.07, p = .037; −0.09, p = .037). Sensitivity analysis showed no significant difference using a 0.3 mm Kappa threshold. While some optical aberrations exhibited statistical differences between S-Kappa and L-Kappa, their clinical significance is limited. Thus, a large Kappa angle might not substantially influence post-operative optical aberrations when intraoperative Kappa angle adjustments are implemented.
Exploring botulinum toxin’s impact on masseter hypertrophy: a randomized, triple-blinded clinical trial
Authors: de Souza Nobre Bryanne Brissian , Rezende Luciana , Barbosa Câmara-Souza Mariana , Sanchez-Ayala Alfonso , Blass Rodrigo , Carbone Ana Claudia , Manso Ana Cristina , Ernberg Malin , Christidis Nikolaos , De la Torre Canales Giancarlo
Published: June 2024

The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness and functional adverse effects of a single and multiple injections of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) for masseter hypertrophy (MH). Twenty-six women complaining about lower third facial enlargement due to MH, received 75 U of BoNT-A (abobotulinum toxin) in each masseter muscles. After 3 months, patients were randomly assigned to receive a second treatment session of Saline Solution: (G1; n = 11) or BoNT-A: (G2; n = 12). Muscle thickness (ultrasound), electrical activity (electromyography; EMG), masticatory performance, and subjective perception of MH were evaluated. Follow-up was performed at 1, 3 and 6 months. Muscle thickness, EMG activity, and masticatory performance were analyzed using ANOVA two-way and Sidak test as post-hoc. Masticatory performance was analyzed by the Friedman’s test and Mann–Whitney test. Regarding inter-groups comparisons, there was a significant decrease in the left masseter muscle thickness in the G2 group at the 6 month follow-up (p < 0.02). For EMG, significant differences were evident at the 6 month assessment, with higher masseter activity for G1 (p < 0.05). For masticatory performance, no significant differences were observed throughout the study (p > 0.05) and a higher improvement in subjective perception of MH was observed in the 1 month follow-up for G2 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, BoNT-A is effective for MH, however multiple injections cause functional adverse effects in masseter muscle.
Genetic diversity analysis and core germplasm bank construction in cold resistant germplasm of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis)
Authors: Tian Maoju , Li Wenxiu , Luo Ping , He Junjun , Zhang Hualin , Yan Qing , Ye Yanna
Published: June 2024

The rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg., is the sole plant worldwide utilized for the commercial production of natural rubber. Following years of breeding, there exists a wide array of germplasm differentiation in rubber trees. The exploration of diversity and population structure within rubber tree germplasm resources, alongside the establishment of core germplasm resources, is instrumental in elucidating the genetic background and facilitating the effective utilization and management of these resources. By employing SNP molecular marker technology, 195 rubber tree resources were amplified, their genetic diversity analyzed, and a fingerprint map was subsequently constructed. Through this process, the cold-resistant core germplasm of rubber trees was identified. The results revealed that the PIC, He, and pi values ranged from 0.0905 to 0.3750, 0.095 to 0.5000, and 0.0953 to 0.5013, respectively. Both group structure analysis and cluster analysis delineated the accessions into two groups, signifying a simple group structure. A core germplasm bank was established with a sampling ratio of 10%, comprising 21 accessions divided into two populations. Population G1 consists of 20 accessions, while population G2 comprises 1 accession. The research findings have led to the creation of a molecular database that is anticipated to contribute to the management and subsequent breeding applications of rubber tree accessions.
Depressive symptoms of people living in areas with high exposure to environmental noise: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Yun Il , Lee Seung Hwan , Park Sohee , Jang Suk-Yong , Jang Sung-In
Published: June 2024

Exposure and damage caused by noise have been reported in many countries around the world. However, few nationwide studies explored the association of residential environmental noise with depressive symptoms, this study aims to examine this association. The Korean Community Health Survey at the individual-level and the Korean Environmental Noise Measurement Database at the regional-level were used. A total of 30,630 individuals were eligible for the analysis. Multilevel model framework was applied to account for the clustered structure of the regional-level data in which individual-level data containing demographic characteristics and health information were nested. As a result of the analysis, Individuals living in the highest environmental noise area had a 1.55 times higher likelihood of experiencing depressive symptoms than those living in the lowest environmental noise area (95% CI, 1.04–2.31). After stratified analysis according to depressive symptom severity, individuals residing in areas with the highest environmental noise exposure had significantly higher odds of mild (aOR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.02–2.07) and moderate symptoms (aOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.00–2.91). In conclusion, the higher the residential environmental noise, the higher the possibility of mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest the need for continued attention to and management of noise pollution, which has the potential to adversely affect individual’s mental health.
In situ 3D crystallographic characterization of deformation-induced martensitic transformation in a metastable Fe–Cr–Ni austenitic alloy by X-ray microtomography
Authors: Takakuwa Osamu , Iwano Tatsuya , Hirayama Kyosuke , Toda Hiroyuki , Takeuchi Akihisa , Uesugi Masayuki
Published: June 2024

Excellent strength–ductility balance in metastable Fe–Cr–Ni austenitic alloys stems from phase transformation from austenite (fcc structure) to αʹ martensite (bcc structure) during deformation, namely deformation-induced αʹ martensitic transformation (DIMT). Here, DIMT in a metastable Fe–17Cr–7Ni austenitic alloy was detected in situ and characterized in three dimensions (3D) by employing synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomography. This technique utilizes refraction contrast, which is attributable to the presence of phase boundaries between the parent austenite and the newly formed αʹ martensite phase. By combining microtomography and position-sensitive X-ray diffraction, we succeeded in crystallographically identifying multiple αʹ martensite phases continuously transformed in four groups from a single parent austenitic phase.
Impact analysis of digital trade on carbon emissions from the perspectives of supply and demand
Authors: Zhu Huayou , Bao Weiping , Qin Manman
Published: June 2024

Amidst the escalating challenge of global climate change, it is imperative to further explore whether digital trade, as an emerging element in the global development landscape, can reduce carbon emissions and achieve sustainable development. This study draws upon panel data encompassing 30 provinces and municipalities in China spanning the years 2013 to 2021. By establishing an index system to gauge regional digital trade development levels, the article examines the impact mechanism and spillover effects of digital trade on carbon reduction from both the supply (enterprises) and demand (residents) perspectives. The research results show that: (1) Digital trade can effectively promote regional carbon reduction, with a more pronounced effect in China's central and western regions and lower carbon emissions regions. (2) Digital trade can incentivize green innovation by enterprises and improve residents' consumption behavior, thereby reducing carbon emissions. (3) Digital trade has spillover effect on carbon emissions, and this “neighborhood effect” is greater than the “local effect”. Digital trade provides strong support for carbon reduction and sustainable development and also provides a strategic direction for government policy formulation.
Distance tuneable integral membrane protein containing floating bilayers via in situ directed self-assembly
Authors: Hall Stephen C. L. , Hardy David J. , Bragginton Éilís C. , Johnston Hannah , Onose Tudor , Holyfield Rachel , Sridhar Pooja , Knowles Timothy J. , Clifton Luke A.
Published: June 2024

Surface distance tuneable integral membrane protein containing floating bilayers produced by in situ directed self-assembly. Bio-mimetics which allow for membrane protein studies within the lipid matrix under biologically accurate conditions.
Chelation therapy-inspired design of a water-stable fluorescent probe for the effectual monitoring of copper(ii) ions in real water
Authors: Roy Suvojit , Choudhury Prosenjit , Biswas Bhaskar
Published: June 2024

This work reports a thought-provoking design of a water-soluble probe for efficient monitoring of Cu2+ ions in water.
Recent progress on DNAzyme-based biosensors for pathogen detection
Authors: Liu Xingxing , Yuan Wenxu , Xiao Heng
Published: June 2024

DNAzyme-based biosensors for pathogen detection in colorimetric, fluorescent, and electrochemical detection.
Self-assembled methodologies for the construction of DNA nanostructures and biological applications
Authors: Ye Rui , Wang Yuqi , Liu Yan , Cai Ping , Song Jie
Published: June 2024

Overview of the methodologies and applications of DNA self-assembly, including the conventional strategy based on Watson–Crick base-pairing, hybrid assembly mediated by functional elements and their applications in biological fields.
Iridium-catalyzed diacylmethylation of tyrosine and its peptides with sulfoxonium ylides
Authors: Kharat Narendra Dinkar , Naharwal Sushma , Panda Siva S. , Bajaj Kiran , Sakhuja Rajeev
Published: June 2024

Pyridyloxy-directed Ir(iii)-catalyzed diacylmethylation of protected tyrosines was achieved with alkyl and (hetero)aryl sulfoxonium ylides, furnishing tyrosine-based unnatural amino acids in good yields.
Hydroazidation of trifluoromethyl alkenes with trimethylsilyl azide enabled by organic photoredox catalysis
Authors: Shi Yutao , Zhang Yuliang , Ji Xiaochen , Huang Huawen
Published: June 2024

A mild hydroazidation of trifluoromethyl alkenes with trimethylsilyl azide through organic photoredox catalysis was developed, delivering a series of valuable β-CF3-azides with exclusive selectivity.
Unconventional gas-phase synthesis of biphenyl and its atropisomeric methyl-substituted derivatives
Authors: Goettl Shane J. , He Chao , Yang Zhenghai , Kaiser Ralf I. , Somani Ankit , Portela-Gonzalez Adrian , Sander Wolfram , Sun Bing-Jian , Fatimah Siti , Kadam Komal P. , Chang Agnes H. H.
Published: June 2024

Crossed molecular beams and computational investigations reveal the low-temperature gas-phase synthesis of biphenyl. This challenges our current perception of biphenyls as high-temperature markers in combustion systems and astrophysical environments.
Valence-to-core X-ray emission spectroscopy of transition metal tetrahalides: mechanisms governing intensities
Authors: Roemelt Christina , Peredkov Sergey , Neese Frank , Roemelt Michael , DeBeer Serena
Published: June 2024

Investigation of factors influencing valence-to-core XES spectral intensities and trends.
Estimating water transport in carbon nanotubes: a critical review and inclusion of scale effects
Authors: Karim Kazi Ehsanul , Barisik Murat , Bakli Chirodeep , Kim BoHung
Published: June 2024

D boundary position, slip length at the D′ position and interfacial viscosity illustrated the E1 prediction. Whereas, D′ boundary position, slip length at the D′ position and experimental viscosity constructed the E2 prediction.
Near-infrared absorption and radiative cooling of naphthalene dimers (C10H8)2
Authors: Bernard Jérôme , Martin Serge , Al-Mogeeth Abdulaziz , Joblin Christine , Ji MingChao , Zettergren Henning , Cederquist Henrik , Stockett Mark H. , Indrajith Suvasthika , Dontot Léo , Spiegelman Fernand , Toublanc Dominique , Rapacioli Mathias
Published: June 2024

Time-dependent blue shift of action spectra in storage rings are used to determine the radiative cooling rate of naphthalene dimer cations, (C10H8)2+. DFTB-EXCI and Monte-Carlo models are successful in reproducing infrared cooling temporal evolution.
σ-Arsolido complexes
Authors: Kirk Ryan M. , HIll Anthony F.
Published: June 2024

Mononuclear-σ-arsolyl complexes of molybdenum, tungsten and iron have been prepared via facile transmetallation from tin, allowing their structural characterisation for the first time.
Oxidation-dependent Lewis acidity in chalcogen adducts of Sb/P frustrated Lewis pairs
Authors: Krieft Jonas , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans-Georg , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: June 2024

Sb(iii) to Sb(v) oxidation increases the Lewis acidity of the Sb atom of (F5C2)2SbCH2P(E)(tBu)2 (E = O, S, Se, Te). This “switch to strong” interaction between antimony and chalcogen atoms deforms the backbone while a four-membered cycle is formed.
Characterization of ephedrine HCl and pseudoephedrine HCl using quadrupolar NMR crystallography guided crystal structure prediction
Authors: Fleischer Carl H. , Holmes Sean T. , Levin Kirill , Veinberg Stanislav L. , Schurko Robert W.
Published: June 2024

We report a quadrupolar guided NMR crystallography crystal structure prediction protocol as applied for pseudoephedrine HCl and ephedrine HCl. We explore the crystal structure prediction of pseudoephedrine HCl in the dosage form.
Underutilized Canadian wild berries as potential sources of lipophilic bioactive compounds with antihypertensive properties
Authors: Kodikara Chamali , Netticadan Thomas , Joseph Thandapilly Sijo , Bandara Nandika , Wijekoon Champa
Published: June 2024

Investigating the lipophilic bioactive compounds, lipid peroxidation and anti-hypertensive activity of canadian prairie berries.
Turning lignin into a recyclable bioresource: transesterification vitrimers from lignins modified with ethylene carbonate
Authors: Duval Antoine , Benali Wissam , Avérous Luc
Published: June 2024

Transesterification-based vitrimers from lignins modified with ethylene carbonate, to turn lignins into a recyclable aromatic bioresource.
DLM–GelMA/tumor slice sandwich structured tumor on a chip for drug efficacy testing
Authors: Hu Wenqi , Bei Ho-Pan , Jiang Hongwei , Wu Di , Yu Xiaorui , Zhou Xintong , Sun Qiuwan , Lu Qinrui , Du Qijun , Wang Liangwen , Luo Zhi , Wu Guohua , Zhao Xin , Wang Shuqi
Published: June 2024

DLM–GelMA sandwich structure tumor slice-on-a-chip could faithfully reflect the tumor microenvironment and immune response for drug efficacy screening.
Stereo-selective synthesis of complex dienes and eneynes by sequential hydroarylation and olefinic C–H functionalization
Authors: Zhu Yuhang , Li Xiaoli , Zhang Cheng , Liu Xiuying , Huang Linzhi , Zhang Yongbo , Shen Chao , Ding Liyuan , Zhong Guofu , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2024

We present a preparation of complex dienes and eneynes by Rh-catalyzed hydroarylation of internal alkynes and Pd-catalyzed olefinic C–H alkenylation, alkynylation and allylation, enabled by the chelation assistance of pyrazinamide or picolinamide.
Visible-light-mediated synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles via CAr–I reduction triggered 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer process
Authors: Wang Junlei , Xie Qinglin , Gao Guocheng , Wei Guofen , Wei Xinxin , Chen Xuemei , Zhang Daohai , Li Hongqing , Huang Binbin
Published: June 2024

A novel strategy for the construction of polysubstituted pyrroles has been developed through the visible-light-induced single-electron reduction of CAr–I bonds and the following 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process.
Charge transport through the multiple end zigzag edge states of armchair graphene nanoribbons and heterojunctions
Authors: Kuo David M. T.
Published: June 2024

This comprehensive study investigates charge transport through the multiple end zigzag edge states of finite-size armchair graphene nanoribbons/boron nitride nanoribbons junctions under a longitudinal electric field.
Synthesis of Au@Ag core–shell nanocubes with finely tuned shell thicknesses for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection
Authors: Bi Cuixia , Yin Xiaolong , Zhao Hongyan
Published: June 2024

Au@Ag nanocubes with tailorable Ag shell thicknesses and tunable LSPR properties were fabricated by a seed-mediated method, exhibiting highly efficient SERS intensities compared to the Au nanocubes.
Key-to-lock halogen bond-based tetragonal pyramidal association of iodonium cations with the lacune rims of beta-octamolybdate
Authors: Soldatova Natalia S. , Radzhabov Amirbek D. , Ivanov Daniil M. , Burguera Sergi , Frontera Antonio , Abramov Pavel A. , Postnikov Pavel S. , Kukushkin Vadim Yu.
Published: June 2024

Iodonium cations recognize the molybdate backbone furnishing “key-to-lock” halogen-bonded supramolecular associates.
Delineation of the complete reaction cycle of a natural Diels–Alderase
Authors: Maschio Laurence , Back Catherine R. , Alnawah Jawaher , Bowen James I. , Johns Samuel T. , Mbatha Sbusisiwe Z. , Han Li-Chen , Lees Nicholas R. , Zorn Katja , Stach James E. M. , Hayes Martin A. , van der Kamp Marc W. , Pudney Christopher R. , Burston Steven G. , Willis Christine L. , Race Paul R.
Published: June 2024

A molecular description of the complete reaction cycle of the bona fide natural Diels–Alderase AbyU is presented, revealing the mechanistic intricacies of this enzyme system.
Evaluating the impact of anodic oxidation reactions on water splitting using Prussian blue analog-derived metal-(oxy)hydroxides
Authors: Singh Baghendra , Ansari Toufik , Verma Neetu , Huang Yu-Cheng , Mannu Pandian , Dong Chung-Li , Indra Arindam
Published: June 2024

Prussian blue analog (PBA)-derived Fe–Co(O)OH showed improved anodic oxidation of a series of organic and inorganic compounds without the interference from the oxygen evolution reaction.
3D printing carbon–carbon composites with multilayered architecture for enhanced multifunctional properties
Authors: Ravichandran Dharneedar , Dmochowska Anna , Sundaravadivelan Barath , Thippanna Varunkumar , Motta de Castro Emile , Patil Dhanush , Ramanathan Arunachalam , Zhu Yuxiang , Sobczak M. Taylor , Asadi Amir , Peixinho Jorge , Miquelard-Garnier Guillaume , Song Kenan
Published: June 2024

Carbon–carbon (C–C) composites are highly sought-after in aviation, automotive, and defense sectors due to their outstanding thermal & thermo-mechanical properties even surpassing those of alloys and other composites for exterme operations.
Modulating the porosity of N-doped carbon materials for enhanced CO2 capture and methane uptake
Authors: Albeladi Nawaf , Mokaya Robert
Published: June 2024

Adding N dopants (melamine or urea) to biomass during activation modulates the porosity of activated carbons to enhance CO2 storage (up to 4.7 mmol g−1 at 1 bar and 25 °C) and methane uptake (0.42 g g−1 and 266 cm3 (STP) cm−3 at 25 °C and 100 bar).
Thermosensitive curcumin/silver/montmorillonite-F127 hydrogels with synergistic photodynamic/photothermal/silver ions antibacterial activity
Authors: Liu Jia Hui , Chen Xiao Lan , Yang Hui Min , Yin Yu Rong , Kurniawan Alfin , Zhou Chun Hui
Published: June 2024

The CAM-F hydrogel can achieve rapid microbial inactivation against E. coli and S. aureus. Based on Ag+, PDT, and PTT synergistic antibacterial properties, CAM-F hydrogels can effectively adhere to bacteria and destroy their cell membranes.
Enhancing cell adhesion in synthetic hydrogels via physical confinement of peptide-functionalized polymer clusters
Authors: Ishikawa Shohei , Kamata Hiroyuki , Sakai Takamasa
Published: June 2024

A uniquely designed functional polymer cluster imparts cell adhesion characteristics to conventional synthetic hydrogels by being physically confined within the polymer network, without chemically modifying the hydrogel's polymer chains.
A functionalized cell membrane biomimetic nanoformulation based on layered double hydroxide for combined tumor chemotherapy and sonodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Gaoming , Guo Yunqi , Ni Cheng , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhan Mengsi , Sun Huxiao , Choi Goeun , Choy Jin-Ho , Shi Xiangyang , Shen Mingwu
Published: June 2024

A sonosensitizer-functionalized cell membrane biomimetic nanoplatform based on layered double hydroxide loaded with methotrexate can be constructed for fluorescence imaging-guided combined tumor chemotherapy and sonodynamic therapy.