bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topological insulator in two synthetic dimensions based on an optomechanical resonator
Authors: Ni Xiang , Kim Seunghwi , Alù Andrea
Published: June 2021

Topological insulators (TIs) implemented in synthetic dimensions have recently emerged as an attractive platform to explore higher-dimensional topological phases in compact systems. Here, we present a two-dimensional TI within a single-ring resonator enabled by acousto-optic interactions and electro-optic modulation. In our system, the synthetic dimensions are represented by the range of discrete optical modes supported by the ring resonator and their azimuthal angular order. Gauge fields responsible for the topological order in the synthetic lattice are realized by an array of racetrack couplers coupled to the resonator. We reveal topological bulk and chiral edge bands in time-resolved absorption/transmission spectra, and we show that the proposed system can support reconfigurable and nonreciprocal frequency conversion controlled by the probe frequency detuning. Interestingly, we also show that realistic phase mismatch and disorder in acousto-optic scattering can enable an amorphous TI phase in synthetic space, demonstrating robust nonreciprocal frequency conversion in this regime.
Hybrid-integrated high-performance microwave photonic filter with switchable response
Authors: Tao Yuansheng , Shu Haowen , Wang Xingjun , Jin Ming , Tao Zihan , Yang Fenghe , Shi Jingbo , Qin Jun
Published: June 2021

The integrated microwave photonic filter (MPF), as a compelling candidate for next-generation radio-frequency (RF) applications, has been widely investigated for decades. However, most integrated MPFs reported thus far have merely incorporated passive photonic components onto a chip-scale platform, while all necessary active devices are still bulk and discrete. Though few attempts to higher photonic integration of MPFs have been executed, the achieved filtering performances are fairly limited, which impedes the pathway to practical deployments. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, an all-integrated MPF combined with high filtering performances, through hybrid integration of an InP chip-based laser and a monolithic silicon photonic circuit consisting of a dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator, a high-

Q

ring resonator, and a photodetector. This integrated MPF exhibits a high spectral resolution as narrow as 360 MHz, a wide-frequency tunable range covering the S-band to K-band (3 to 25 GHz), and a large rejection ratio of

>
40
  
dB

. Moreover, the filtering response can be agilely switched between the bandpass and band-stop function with a transient respond time (

∼
48
  
μs

). Compared with previous MPFs in a similar integration level, the obtained spectral resolution in this work is dramatically improved by nearly one order of magnitude, while the valid frequency tunable range is broadened more than twice, which can satisfy the essential filtering requirements in actual RF systems. As a paradigm demonstration oriented to real-world scenarios, high-resolution RF filtering of realistic microwave signals aiming for interference rejection and channel selection is performed. Our work points out a feasible route to a miniaturized, high-performance, and cost-effective MPF leveraging hybrid integration approach, thus enabling a range of RF applications from wireless communication to radar toward the higher-frequency region, more compact size, and lower power consumption.
Soil-transmitted helminth infection, anemia, and malnutrition among preschool-age children in Nangapanda subdistrict, Indonesia
Authors: Djuardi Yenny , Lazarus Gilbert , Stefanie Difa , Fahmida Umi , Ariawan Iwan , Supali Taniawati
Published: June 2021

Background

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are still prevalent in Indonesia, with roughly one-third of infected population being preschool-age children (PSC), which are generally at higher risk of morbidity such as malnutrition and anemia. This study aimed to investigate the association of STH infections with nutritional status and anemia among PSC in Nangapanda subdistrict, Ende, East Nusa Tenggara.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey involving PSC ranging from 12 to 59 months old from Nangapanda subdistrict, Ende district, East Nusa Tenggara was performed. Socio-demographic, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding information was obtained from structured questionnaires, while nutritional and anemia status was determined from anthropometry and hemoglobin measurements, respectively. Anthropometric z-scores were calculated based on the World Health Organization 2006 standards and stool samples were examined using Kato-Katz method.

Results

A total of 393 PSC randomly selected from 22 villages were examined. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting, and anemia were 33.1%, 40.2%, 17.1%, and 60.3%, respectively. STH infection, predominated byAscaris lumbricoides, was found in 160 (58.8%) PSC. Single STH infection, but not multiple infection, was independently associated with a lower risk of anemia (odds ratio [OR] 0.320, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.126–0.809, p = 0.016). Similar association with anemia was also found on mild STH infection (OR 0.318 [95% CI: 0.114–0.887], p = 0.029). On the other hand, younger children were found to have a higher risk of anemia and stunting. None of the examined variables were independently associated with underweight and wasting.

Conclusion

STH infection as well as anemia and malnutrition were prevalent in this region. However in this study, current STH infections seemed to have minimal negative impact on children’s nutritional status.
Symptomatic fever management in children: A systematic review of national and international guidelines
Authors: Green Cari , Krafft Hanno , Guyatt Gordon , Martin David
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Divergent attitudes towards fever have led to a high level of inconsistency in approaches to its management. In an attempt to overcome this, clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the symptomatic management of fever in children have been produced by several healthcare organizations. To date, a comprehensive assessment of the evidence level of the recommendations made in these CPGs has not been carried out.

Methods

Searches were conducted on Pubmed, google scholar, pediatric society websites and guideline databases to locate CPGs from each country (with date coverage from January 1995 to September 2020). Rather than assessing overall guideline quality, the level of evidence for each recommendation was evaluated according to criteria of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM). A GRADE assessment was undertaken to assess the body of evidence related to a single question: the threshold for initiating antipyresis. Methods and results are reported according to the PRISMA statement.

Results

74 guidelines were retrieved. Recommendations for antipyretic threshold, type and dose; ambient temperature; dress/covering; activity; fluids; nutrition; proctoclysis; external applications; complementary/herbal recommendations; media; and age-related treatment differences all varied widely. OCEBM evidence levels for most recommendations were low (Level 3–4) or indeterminable. The GRADE assessment revealed a very low level of evidence for a threshold for antipyresis.

Conclusion

There is no recommendation on which all guidelines agree, and many are inconsistent with the evidence–this is true even for recent guidelines. The threshold question is of fundamental importance and has not yet been answered. Guidelines for the most frequent intervention (antipyresis) remain problematic.
Community evolution on Stack Overflow
Authors: Moutidis Iraklis , Williams Hywel T. P.
Published: June 2021

Question and answer (Q&A) websites are a medium where people can communicate and help each other. Stack Overflow is one of the most popular Q&A websites about programming, where millions of developers seek help or provide valuable assistance. Activity on the Stack Overflow website is moderated by the user community, utilizing a voting system to promote high quality content. The website was created on 2008 and has accumulated a large amount of crowd wisdom about the software development industry. Here we analyse this data to examine trends in the grouping of technologies and their users into different sub-communities. In our work we analysed all questions, answers, votes and tags from Stack Overflow between 2008 and 2020. We generated a series of user-technology interaction graphs and applied community detection algorithms to identify the biggest user communities for each year, to examine which technologies those communities incorporate, how they are interconnected and how they evolve through time. The biggest and most persistent communities were related to web development. In general, there is little movement between communities; users tend to either stay within the same community or not acquire any score at all. Community evolution reveals the popularity of different programming languages and frameworks on Stack Overflow over time. These findings give insight into the user community on Stack Overflow and reveal long-term trends on the software development industry.
Facial expressions of Asian people exposed to constructed urban forests: Accuracy validation and variation assessment
Authors: Guan Haoming , Wei Hongxu , Hauer Richard J. , Liu Ping
Published: June 2021

An outcome of building sustainable urban forests is that people’s well-being is improved when they are exposed to trees. Facial expressions directly represents one’s inner emotions, and can be used to assess real-time perception. The emergence and change in the facial expressions of forest visitors are an implicit process. As such, the reserved character of Asians requires an instrument rating to accurately recognize expressions. In this study, a dataset was established with 2,886 randomly photographed faces from visitors at a constructed urban forest park and at a promenade during summertime in Shenyang City, Northeast China. Six experts were invited to choose 160 photos in total with 20 images representing one of eight typical expressions: angry, contempt, disgusted, happy, neutral, sad, scared, and surprised. The FireFACE ver. 3.0 software was used to test hit-ratio validation as an accuracy measurement (ac.) to match machine-recognized photos with those identified by experts. According to the Kruskal-Wallis test on the difference from averaged scores in 20 recently published papers, contempt (ac. = 0.40%, P = 0.0038) and scared (ac. = 25.23%, P = 0.0018) expressions do not pass the validation test. Both happy and sad expression scores were higher in forests than in promenades, but there were no difference in net positive response (happy minus sad) between locations. Men had a higher happy score but lower disgusted score in forests than in promenades. Men also had a higher angry score in forests. We conclude that FireFACE can be used for analyzing facial expressions in Asian people within urban forests. Women are encouraged to visit urban forests rather than promenades to elicit more positive emotions.
The political economy of academic publishing: On the commodification of a public good
Authors: Puehringer Stephan , Rath Johanna , Griesebner Teresa
Published: June 2021

This paper provides an institutional and empirical analysis of the highly concentrated market of academic publishing, characterized by over proportionally high profit margins for publishing companies. The availability of latest research findings is an important issue for researchers, universities and politicians alike. Open access (OA) publication provides a promising but also costly solution to overcome this problem. However, in this paper we argue that OA publication costs are an important, but by far not the only way for academic publishers to gain access to public funding. In contrast, our study provides a comprehensive overview of the channels through which public expenditure benefits big academic publishing companies. Furthermore, we offer the results of an explorative case study, where we estimate the annual financial flows of public expenditures in Austria for the field of social sciences. In all, these expenditures add up to about 66.55 to 103.2 million € a year, which amounts to a fourth of total public funding for this field. Against this background, we contribute to the debate whether and to what extent public subsidies are justified for economically successful companies.
Development of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of four bacterial pathogens causing pneumonia
Authors: Lim Ho Jae , Kang Eun-Rim , Park Min Young , Kim Bo Kyung , Kim Min Jin , Jung Sunkyung , Roh Kyoung Ho , Sung Nackmoon , Yang Jae-Hyun , Lee Min-Woo , Lee Sun-Hwa , Yang Yong-Jin
Published: June 2021

Classification of clinical symptoms and diagnostic microbiology are essential to effectively employ antimicrobial therapy for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in a timely manner. Empirical antibiotic treatment without microbial identification hinders the selective use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics and effective patient treatment. Thus, the development of rapid and accurate diagnostic procedures that can be readily adopted by the clinic is necessary to minimize non-essential or excessive use of antibiotics and accelerate patient recovery from LRTI-induced damage. We developed and validated a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay with good analytical performance and high specificity to simultaneously detect four bacterial pathogens causing pneumonia: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The analytical performance of mRT-PCR against target pathogens was evaluated by the limit of detection (LOD), specificity, and repeatability. Two hundred and ten clinical specimens from pneumonia patients were processed using an automatic nucleic acid extraction system for the “respiratory bacteria four” (RB4) mRT-PCR assay, and the results were directly compared to references from bacterial culture and/or Sanger sequencing. The RB4 mRT-PCR assay detected all target pathogens from sputum specimens with a coefficient of variation ranging from 0.29 to 1.71 and conservative LOD of DNA corresponding to 5 × 102 copies/reaction. The concordance of the assay with reference-positive specimens was 100%, and additional bacterial infections were detected from reference-negative specimens. Overall, the RB4 mRT-PCR assay showed a more rapid turnaround time and higher performance that those of reference assays. The RB4 mRT-PCR assay is a high-throughput and reliable tool that assists decision-making assessment and outperforms other standard methods. This tool supports patient management by considerably reducing the inappropriate use of antibiotics.
Aprendizaje de un segundo idioma apoyado en tecnologías digitales: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Valencia Yasmin Stella , Serrano Sánchez José Luis
Published: June 2021

En este artículo se realiza una revisión sistemática con el objetivo de identificar las evidencias existentes sobre la implementación y las ventajas del uso de diferentes tecnologías digitales en los programas educativos que contribuyen a la adquisición de un segundo idioma. Esta revisión sistemática sigue la metodología según las recomendaciones proporcionadas por el método Evidence-based Software Engineering, la lista de control de The Critical Appraisal Skill Programme para evaluar la calidad de los artículos seleccionados y Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalysis para la elaboración del informe. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron Web Of Science y Scopus. Se seleccionan 8 artículos que se ajustan a los criterios de inclusión y exlusión. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos destacamos que en los estudios que utilizan las herramientas de la Web 2.0 se integran las competencias sociales de lenguaje, en concreto, la de comunicación e interacción con propósitos de producción y de integración social del estudiante en un nuevo idioma. Por lo tanto, las herramientas Web 2.0 contribuyen a una enseñanza más dinámica de un idioma, generando una mayor interacción que ayuda a la adquisición de este. De otro lado, en las investigaciones que usan las herramientas de Computer Based Learning se evalúa al individuo en temas específicos, como la producción fonética y gramatical.
«Entre la esperanza y el recuerdo»: aproximación a la Filosofía de la Historia de Reinhart Koselleck
Authors: Supelano-Gross Claudia
Published: June 2021

La complejidad de abordar la historia no sólo en lo que se refiere a su tematización sino también a su comprensión, ha ocupado un lugar importante en la reflexión filosófica de los últimos cuatro siglos. Tras la constitución de la filosofía de la historia en el XVIII y la posterior crítica diltheyana a la llamada razón histórica, han sido muchas las perspectivas desde las cuales se ha abordado este tema. Es el caso de Reinhart Koselleck, quien asume la crítica diltheyana y plantea la filosofía de la historia desde una perspectiva sistémicaque se centra en la determinación conceptual y en la consideración de elementos extralingüísticos.Para ello, Koselleck basa el análisis del tiempo histórico en dos categorías fundamentales: el espacio de experiencia y el horizonte de expectativa, las cuales, a su vez, permiten entender la concepción de la modernidad que está detrás de su filosofía de la historia y mostrarla posible actualidad de estas reflexiones cuestionando la propia posición desde la consideración de ésa modernidad.
Stem Cell Therapy for T1 D and T2 D Diabetic patients
Authors: Ravichandran Nandakumar
Published: June 2021

Diabetes is a chronic condition that causes several diseases. Type 1 and Type 2 dependent diabetes are shown more concern in today’s world. Type1 dependent patients suffers from inability of the Beta cells to produce insulin whereas Type 2 dependent patients suffers from insufficient insulin production. Diabetic Retinopathy, Nephropathy, Critical Limb Ischemia and impaired glucose tolerance are some of the major risk factors of Diabetes. Diabetic Retinopathy is a major complication of Diabetes causing blindness in working age adults. This article discusses some research methods involved in the generation of Beta cells carried out by certain authors, hypothesis and future works in this field.
Sharīʻah Maxims (Islamic Legal Maxims) and their Significance
Authors: Goraya Umeed Maalik
Published: June 2021

— Sharīʻah Maxims (Islamic Legal Maxims) are such leading principles and regulations in the light of which legal scholars and academic philosophers explore the permissible commands of the enduring issues. One deducted legal rule doesn’t cover up all the situations and matters underneath but its maximum states. The assumption of laws is just by the Qur’ān and the Nobel statements of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), or the Ijm’a (Consensus of Opinion), Ijtihad and Qias (Analogy) which are deduced from these sources of the Sharīʻah.
El movimiento cultural de los años ochenta. Memoria histórica de la Universidad Industrial de Santander en el marco del conflicto colombiano
Authors: Díaz Boada Lina Constanza
Published: June 2021

El texto se propone como un ejercicio inicial de construcción de la Memoria histórica de la Universidad Industrial de Santander, UIS, en el marco del conflicto armado interno colombiano durante la década de 1980, con el ánimo de promover una reparación colectiva simbólica ante la comunidad universitaria y la comunidad en general, paso fundamental en la consolidación de la paz y en la exigibilidad de garantías para la no repetición de los hechos victimizantes. A partir del reconocimiento que las memorias sociales son campos de disputas, metodológicamente apelamos a la historia oral como forma de promover la participación activa de los actores sociales afectados y que, hasta el momento, sus voces han sido silenciadas o desestimadas en la resolución de sus problemáticas. La universidad como territorio, es un espacio de convergencia de diversos saberes, movimientos, organizaciones y actores sociales. A continuación, nos centramos en los grupos artísticos surgidos en la UIS, con el propósito de comprender cuál fue el papel de los artistas, y cómo estos contribuyeron en la formación de un movimiento social amplio en el que se articularon varios sectores de la UIS y de la sociedad bumanguesa.
Annual Assessment of Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University ATU Sustainability Development Goals for GreenMetric World University Rankings
Authors: Al-Zuhair Mudhaffar S. , Al-Zaini Essam O. , Wadday Ahmed Ghanim
Published: June 2021

Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical university ATU, is one of the newly established academic institutions in Republic of Iraq. Since its emergence in 2014, presently the university is keen to secure its position among other internationally to be a well recognized academic institutions, thereby addressing all sustainable goals and related challenges in its futuristic development schemes. These include developing all existing educational programs and schemes, developing in campus faculty infrastructures, implementing alternative energy resources, developing waste managements, enhancing potable water conservation existing projects and evolving existing transportation structures. This current manuscript highlights in depth all the above indicated developments schemes thereby examining their implementation stages and addressing all associated challenges that face the university. It also looks at its potentials and capabilities to overcome such issues.
This is not banal or the image as poetic of the banal
Authors: BOUZIDA Fethi , ELLOUMI Ali
Published: June 2021

Our objective in this article is to ask the question of the conceptual contribution of René Magritte's work through its relationship with meaning. Beyond trying to express the meaning of his images. Rather, it is to infringe the notion of the "banal" that Magritte has certainly articulated in his work. What is at stake in Magritte's work escapes meaning. So we are faced with an image in itself, in its poetic dimension ; thought-out production of visibility which calls for a view uncluttered from all eyes. In short, an image that sends us back to a pure visual perception.
Developing a set of key performance indicators for monitoring sustainability of forest functions in the Hyrcanian forests
Authors: Goushehgir S.Z. , Feghhi J. , Innes J.L.
Published: June 2021

This study identifies key performance indicators for monitoring the sustainability of forest functions in the northern forests of Iran. This process was conducted in two phases through the Delphi method, and Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM). The Delphi method classified indicators according
to two properties, importance and measurability. These were used to identify four classes: (a) important and measurable, (b) important and less measurable, (c) less important and measurable, (d) less important and less measurable. Indicators placed in groups (a) and (b) were then used to develop
a set of key performance indicators using FCM. The FCM enabled the evaluation of the overall cumulative impacts of all indicators within the network, individually and collectively, through their interactions with other indicators. The selected methods and possible application of the key performance
indicators could be used to determine how to achieve the sustainable management of a forest area.
Object, Reduction, and Emergence: An Object-Oriented View
Authors: Young Niki
Published: June 2021

Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) is a contemporary form of realism concerned with the investigation of “objects” broadly construed. It may be characterised in terms of a metaphysical pluralism to the extent that it recognises infinitely many different kinds of emergent entities, and this fact in turn leads to a number of questions concerning the nature of objects and emergence in OOO: what is the precise meaning of an emergent entity in OOO? How has emergence been denied throughout the history of Western thought? Is there a specific object-oriented account of emergence? What is the causal mechanism which provides the conditions of possibility for the generation of emergent entities? In this article, I aim to answer all these questions by constructing the first extensive account of real emergence in the context of Object-Oriented Ontology, and I also seek to tie this analysis to the notion of “vicarious” or indirect causation.
Recent reports on Pyridoxal derived Schiff base complexes
Authors: Gupta Samik
Published: June 2021

Pyridoxal and Pyridoxal 5-phosphate are two among the six aqua soluble vitamers of vitamin B6. They can form Schiff bases readily due to the presence of aldehyde group. Schiff bases can offer diverse coordination possibilities for many transition metals as has been found in a large volume of research till now. The coordination complexes thus formed gives insight into the active core structure and enzymatic activities of vit B6 containing enzymes. Apart from that, these complexes have been found useful as catalysts for synthesis of fine chemicals, as sensors and for their diverse biological activities.
La distribución de las áreas verdes públicas en relación con las características socioeconómicas de la población en Ciudad Juárez, México
Authors: Herrera Correa Victor Manuel , Romo Aguilar María de Lourdes
Published: June 2021

Las áreas verdes públicas (AVP) ofrecen múltiples beneficios a la población de las ciudades. Un acceso inequitativo a estos espacios para los diferentes grupos socioeconómicos de la población representaría una injusticia espacial. En este artículo, se analiza la distribución de las AVP en Ciudad Juárez, México, a fin de determinar la relación entre sus características de ubicación, número, tamaño y dotación con respecto a las características socioeconómicas de la población que habita en las cercanías. Mediante el análisis espacial, se definen cinco zonas de la ciudad correspondientes a cada categoría de un índice socioeconómico (ISE), donde se estudian las AVP que hay dentro de cada una de ellas. Los resultados muestran una marcada diferencia a favor de las zonas donde habita la población con mayores privilegios socioeconómicos; esta tendencia es clara, ya que, conforme se desciende en la escala socioeconómica, disminuye también la calidad de las características analizadas en las AVP.
Współpraca przedsiębiorstw turystycznych z uczelniami - wyniki badania empiryczneg
Authors:   Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu, Olszewski Marcin
Published: June 2021

The growing importance of the cooperation between enterprises and universities stems from the continuous search for new development sources and the need to ensure sustainable competitive advantages. However, research on the role of universities for service enterprises is still relatively rare. This article aims to identify the scope and character of cooperation between enterprises and universities, as well as the attitudes of entrepreneurs towards such cooperation. Based on empirical research carried out on the sample of 383 enterprises from the tourism industry, it was found that relatively high involvement (declared by 54.6% of entities) in relations with universities results mainly from the fact that they are based on less complex forms of transfer such as student internships or participation in conferences. It was also identified that the size and operating time significantly differentiate the use of academic knowledge in enterprises. The results show that service companies have a positive perception of cooperation with universities and definitely more often recognise the advantages of such collaboration. The most important of them is the increase in the employees' competences and image improvement due to universities' contacts. Intensifying the benefits of cooperation requires an increase in the importance of more advanced knowledge transfer mechanisms such as commissioned research or spin-off companies.
Audiosfera środowiska pracy w przestrzeni biurowej na planie otwartym. Wyniki zwiadu badawczego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Mizera-Pęczek Patrycja
Published: June 2021

Organizations differ in terms of the soundscapes they shape. The workplace soundscape, i.e., the sound environment of the employee, is not only an element of organizational culture, but above all, insufficiently recognized by organizational and management researchers, a tool for stimulating or inhibiting the activity of employees. In the light of the issues outlined in this way, the article deals with the characteristics of the soundscape in an open-plan office space, which is specific due to the potential number of various sound sources spreading in the work environment without clear acoustic barriers. The aim of the article is to discuss examples of the functioning of employees in a specific sound environment and to indicate the proposed research directions on the soundscape of the workplace in an open plan office. The article is theoretical and empirical. The research interview included an analysis of the literature on the soundscape of various workspaces, an analysis of the content obtained from employees' statements on social media about the sounds that accompany their work, and an analysis of interviews with employees of the real estate service department of one of Polish corporations about the soundscape of the office space they manage. The survey shows that the workplace soundscape is not the only a matter of the employees' sense of aesthetics. Studying the sounds of work can be both an impulse for in-depth research on the organizational climate and a starting point for creating workspace management programs.
Modulations of Depth Responses in the Human Brain by Object Context: Does Biological Relevance Matter?
Authors: Chou Idy W. Y. , Ban Hiroshi , Chang Dorita H. F.
Published: June 2021

Depth sensitivity has been shown to be modulated by object context (plausibility). It is possible that it is behavioral relevance rather than object plausibility per se which drives this effect. Here, we manipulated the biological relevance of objects (face or a non-face) and tested whether object relevance affects behavioral sensitivity and neural responses to depth-position. In a first experiment, we presented human observers with disparity-defined faces and non-faces, and observers were asked to judge the depth position of the target under signal-noise and clear (fine) task conditions. In the second experiment, we concurrently measured behavioral and fMRI responses to depth. We found that behavioral performance varied across stimulus conditions such that they were significantly worse for the upright face than the inverted face and the random shape in the signal-to-noise (SNR) task, but worse for the random shape than the upright face in the feature task. Pattern analysis of fMRI responses revealed that activity of fusiform face area (FFA) was distinctly different during depth judgments of the upright face versus the other two stimuli, with its responses (and to a stronger extent, those of V3) appearing functionally-relevant to behavioral performance. We speculate that FFA is not only involved in object analysis, but exerts considerable influence on stereoscopic mechanisms as early as in V3 based on a broader appreciation of the stimulus’ behavioral relevance.
Erratum to: Prognostics of Induction Motor Shaft Based on Feature Importance and Least Square Support Vector Machine Regression
Authors: Susilo Didik Djoko , Widodo A. , Prahasto T. , Nizam M.
Published: June 2021

This is an erratum to International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 2021; 18(1): 8464–8477. Please refer to the related article: https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.18.1.2021.06.0641
Size Stabilizers in Two-electrode Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods
Authors: Korol R.V. , Yanchuk O.M. , Marchuk O.V. , Orlov V.F. , Moroz I.A. , Vyshnevskyi O.A.
Published: June 2021

We modify and optimize a cheap, simple and effective synthesis of zinc oxide nanosized particles by electrodeposition. The core method encompasses the synthesis of ZnO product on the soluble zinc anode of the two-zinc-electrode cell emerged in aqueous NaCl. Resulting particles have the shape of cocoa fruit, thick in the middle and sharp at the edges. They have uniform shape, but broad size distributions with most of the ZnO product 1-2 µm long and 0,5-0,7 µm thick. Thus, auxiliary stabilizers are added to aqueous phase to reduce the size and narrow its distribution in the target product. Here we present the size stabilizing action of four successful stabilizers: urea, polyvinyl alcohol, Triton x-100 and Atlas G3300. All of them reduce particle size and polydispersity. An anionactive surfactant atlas is the most effective, giving an order of magnitude nanorod size reduction.
Pensar en/el exilio (A propósito de los exilios de María Zambrano)
Authors: Martín Francisco josé
Published: June 2021

La centralidad de la experiencia exiliada en el pensamiento de María Zambrano. El exilio como lugar del pensamiento. Canon filosófico y filosofías exiliadas. Razón vital y razón poética.
donne di María Zambrano. L ’attualità del suo pensiero in una prospettiva filosofico-femminile.
Authors: Del Bello Sara
Published: June 2021

L’attenzione che María Zambrano presta all’universo femminile si concretizza sia attraverso pagine di intensa riflessione socio-politica, sia grazie ad una ricerca linguistico-concettuale della quale le sue donne sono viva espressione. Toccando, in particolare, il mondo di Eloisa e Antigone, in questo breve spazio abbiamo l’opportunità di sviluppare temi quali la responsabilità, l’etica e la coscienza, grazie ad un’analisi politica, caratteristica fondamentale del suo pensiero, anche quando non si manifesta esplicitamente. E ancora una volta la filosofa spagnola fa sì che emergano i suoi tratti distintivi, spesso precursori di molti temi posteriori, come il pensiero della differenza sessuale.
Tecnología y dominación desde la teoría social de Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Iglesias Granda José Manuel
Published: June 2021

El objeto de este artículo radica en rescatar el planteamiento teórico de Pierre Bourdieu de cara al estudio de las posibles formas de dominación en las que la tecnología puede jugar un papel importante. En ese sentido, a partir de los conceptos bourdianos de “habitus”, “tiempo” y “capital” se profundiza en las siguientes cuestiones: 1) la relación entre tecnología y precarización; 2) la posibilidad de un horizonte disruptivo utópico; 3) la relación entre capital económico y las diversas formas de capital tecnológico.
Minkârizâde Yahya Efendi’nin Fetvalarının Fetâvâ-Yı Abdürrahim Olarak Tedavüle Girişi Üzerine Değerlendirmeler
Authors: ÇELİK Ahmet Faruk
Published: June 2021

Osmanlı ilmiye sınıfının başı sayılan şeyhülislamların verdikleri fetvaları içeren fetva mecmuaları birçok disiplinin özellikle de Osmanlı Tarihi ve Osmanlı Hukuk Tarihi çalışmalarının önemli müracaat kaynaklarından biridir. Bununla birlikte her ne kadar fetva mecmuaları üzerine yapılan çalışmalar son yirmi yıldır sayıca artsa da bunlar eldeki kaynakların zenginliği dikkate alındığında oldukça sınırlı kalmaktadır. Ayrıca fetvaların ne zaman kim tarafından verildiğine dair bilgilerimiz de hala hem sınırlı hem de sağlaması çok az yapılmış bilgilerdir. Bu makalede, günümüzde XVIII. yüzyıl başlarında görev yapmış olan Abdurrahim Efendi’nin şeyhülislamlığı döneminde verdiği fetvalardan oluşan müstakil bir mecmua olarak bilinen Fetâvâ-yı Abdurrahim’in aslında XVII. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında görevde bulunan Minkârizâde Yahya Efendi’nin fetvalarının fıkıh sistematiğine göre derlendiği bir fetva mecmuası olduğu ortaya konulacaktır.

Fetâvâ-yı Abdurrahim, bugüne kadar yapılan –tespit edebildiğimiz- bütün akademik çalışmalarda Menteşzâde Abdurrahim Efendi’nin verdiği fetvalardan oluşan müstakil bir fetva mecmuası olarak kabul görmüştür. Fetâvâ-yı Abdurrahim’e XVIII. yüzyılla ilgili yapılan çalışmalarda sıkılıkla müracaat edilmiş ve eser bu dönemin hukuki, siyasi ve iktisadi meselelerinin anlaşılmasında birincil kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır. Hâlbuki araştırmacılar tarafından müstakil bir fetva mecmuası olarak kabul edilen bu eserdeki fetvalar, Abdurrahim Efendi’den yaklaşık yarım asır önce Şeyhülislamlık yapan Minkârizâde Yahya Efendi’nin Fetâvâ-yı Minkârizâde olarak bilinen fetvalarıyla aynıdır. Bizim tespitimize göre Abdurrahim Efendi, Minkârizâde Yahya Efendi’nin verdiği fetvaları tasnif etmiş ve bunların fihristini çıkarmıştır. Abdurrahim Efendi’nin yaptığı bu derleme faaliyeti ile ortaya çıkan eser, özellikle II. Abdülhamid dönemindeki basımının Abdurrahim Efendi’nin ismiyle yapılmasının etkisiyle Yahya Efendi’ye değil kendisine atfedilmiştir. Dolayısıyla Fetâvâ-yı Abdurrahim’in müstakil bir fetva mecmuası olarak değerlendirilmesi ve burada yer alan fetvaların Abdurrahim Efendi’nin şeyhülislamlığı döneminde verdiği fetvalar olarak kabul edilmesi hatası günümüze kadar devam etmiştir.
Bu çalışmada öncelikle bu iki Osmanlı ilim ve hukuk adamının hayatı ve yaptıkları çalışmalara kısaca değinilecek, daha sonra bahsedilen karışıklığa sebep olan eserin Minkârizâde Yahya Efendi’nin fetvalarından oluştuğu delilleriyle ortaya konulacaktır.
Akademik Programlarda Toplum Çevirmenliği Eğitiminin Gerekçesi, Yöntemi Ve Uygulama Model
Authors: HELALŞAH İbrahim
Published: June 2021

Günümüzde milyonlarca insan farklı sebeplerden dolayı ülkesini bırakıp başka ülkelere yerleşmek zorunda kalmaktadır. Bu insanların, yerleştikleri yeni ülkelerin dilini ve kültürünü anlayabilmeleri ve dolayısıyla bu yeni toplumlara entegre olabilmeleri için kültürel aracılık yapacak birilerine ihtiyaçları bulunmaktadır. Yaşadığı toplumla, toplumun dilini bilmediği için iletişim kuramayan ve bu nedenle toplum kurumlarının sunduğu hizmetlere erişmekte zorluk yaşayan insanların bu iletişim sorununu çözmek için verilen çeviriye, toplum çevirmenliği ismi verilmektedir. Bu çeviri türünün geçmişi her ne kadar insanın eski dönemlerden beri gösterdiği göç faaliyetlerinin tarihine bağlı olsa da, ona “Toplum Çevirmenliği” ismi verilmeye ve farklı bir çevirmenlik türü gözü ile bakılmaya ancak 1980’li yılların başında başlanmıştır. Toplum çevirmenliğini diğer sözlü çeviri türlerinden ayıran ve bu tür çeviriyi yapmak isteyen çevirmenlerin özel bir eğitime katılmalarını zorunlu kılan hususların başında; çeviri hizmetinden yararlanan tarafların birisinin diğerinden daha güçlü bir konumda olması, tarafların kullandığı dil seviyelerinin arasında büyük bir uçurumun olması ve çeviri sürecinin sonucunda güçlü konumda bulunan tarafın alacağı kararın diğer taraf için hayati bir öneme sahip olabileceği hususu gelmektedir. Kanada, Avusturalya ve ABD başta olmak üzere göçmen, mülteci ve dil azınlıkları mensuplarının büyük sayılarda bulunduğu ülkelerde “toplum çevirmenliği” eğitimi 20 yılı aşkın süredir akademik ortamlarda verilmektedir. Irak’ın 2003 yılındaki işgali ve 2011 yılının başında başlayan Arap baharı gibi iltica ve göç faaliyetlerini tetikleyen gelişmelerin sahnesi olan Arap Dünyasında bulunan üniversitelerde henüz toplum çevirmenliği eğitimi profesyonel düzeyde verilmemektedir. Bu makalemi Arapça olarak yazmak suretiyle Arap akademisyenlerin dikkatini bu çeviri türüne çekmeyi, üç yıldır İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitemizde verdiğim toplum çevirmenliği dersinden edindiğim tecrübeyi aktarmayı ve uluslararası kuruluşlarda bizzat binlerce sığınmacıya sunduğum toplum çevirmenliği hizmetinin bana kazandırdığı fiili tecrübeyi mütercim tercümanlık öğrencilerine kazandırmayı hedeflemekteyim.
Bekir Kuzudişli. Hadis Rivayetinde Bağlam Sebebü îrâdi’l-hadîs. İstanbul: Klasik, 2020, 316 sayfa.
Authors: MADEN Ömer Faruk
Published: June 2021

Yapısal olarak hadis, sened ve metinden oluşsa da hadis denildiğinde genelde akla metnin gelmesi ve Türkiye’deki akademik hadis çalışmalarının daha ziyade metne yoğunlaşması bir yere kadar doğaldır. Doğal olmayan ise akademik araştırmalarda isnâd ve onun unsurları olan râviler ve rivayet sigalarına dair bazı çalışmalar yapılmasına mukabil bir bütün olarak isnâdın, hadis tarihi ve meseleleri açısından ne tarz imkânlar sunduğuna yönelik çalışmaların yeterli oranda olmamasıdır. Aynı şekilde isnâdın bitip metnin başladığı kısımda yer alan ve “ilgili hadisin nakledilmesine yol açan vesileler ve bir sahâbî ya da tâbiînin hadisi nakletme esnasında yaptığı açıklamalar” şeklinde tanımlanan (s. 25) sebebü îrâdi’l-hadîs hakkındaki çağdaş çalışmalar da oldukça kısıtlıdır (çalışmalar için bk. s. 21-2). Konuya dair Türkiye’de yapılmış ilk müstakil çalışma, Bekir Kuzudişli’nin Hadis Rivayetinde Bağlam: Sebebü îrâdi’l-hadîs isimli eseridir. Yazar bu çalışmasında sebebü îrâdi’l-hadîs bilgilerine yoğunlaşarak (s. 10) tedvin öncesi dönemdeki, yani tam anlamıyla sistemli bir rivayet sürecinin olmadığı 1./7. asırdaki hadis rivayetinin keyfiyetini (s. 9) çeşitli yönleriyle ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır.
Bilal Taşkın. İslam Düşüncesinde Varlık Tartışmaları: Sadeddin et-Teftâzânî Merkezli Bir İnceleme. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2020, 352 sayfa.
Authors: ŞENSOY Güvenç
Published: June 2021

Bilal Taşkın’ın, 2017 yılında tamamlamış olduğu Müteahhir Dönem Kelâmında Bir Umûr-i Âmme Kavramı Olarak Varlıkla İlgili Tartışmalar: Teftâzânî Örneği başlıklı doktora çalışması gözden geçirilip bazı değişiklikler yapılarak 2020 yılında İslam Düşüncesinde Varlık Tartışmaları: Sadeddin et-Teftâzânî Merkezli Bir İnceleme adıyla kitap olarak yayımlanmıştır. Eserde müteahhir ve bazı başlıklar özelinde mütekaddim dönem düşünürlerine atıfla varlık kavramına dair kelâm, felsefe ve tasavvuf gelenekleri arasında cereyan eden tartışmalar ele alınmıştır. Sadeddin et-Teftâzânî (ö. 792) öncesi yaklaşımlar sunulmuş, ardından Teftâzânî’nin konuya dair görüşleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, varlık tartışmaları üzerinden kelâm, felsefe ve sufi geleneğin iddialarının temellendirildiği arka planı göstermektir. Taşkın, varlık kavramı etrafında dönen tartışmaları inceleme sebebi olarak, bu tartışmaların ekoller için söz konusu arka planı ortaya çıkaracak ortak zemin ve dil inşasında önemli bir role sahip oluşunu dile getirir (s. 12). Zira felsefeyle karşılaşması sonucunda metafizik alanın kavram ve önermelerini olduğu gibi veya kendine göre tashih ederek içselleştiren kelâm, “bütüncül ve sistemli bir dile” erişmiştir. Bu da kelâmın aynı meseleleri kendi metafizik arka planına göre ele almasını ve muhataplarının kavramlarıyla konuşabilmesini sağlamıştır.
Recep Koyuncu. Kıraat İlminde Tahrîrât: Mustafa el-İzmîrî ve ‘Umdetü’l-‘İrfân Adlı Eseri (Edisyon Kritik). İstanbul: Hikmetevi Yayınları, 2021, 264 Sayfa.
Authors: PİLGİR Eren
Published: June 2021

“Tarîk ve rivayetlerde ortaya çıkabilecek telfîk ve terkîblerin önlenmesini sağlamak” şeklinde tarif edebileceğimiz tahrîrât, İbnü’l-Cezerî’nin (ö. 833/1429) en-Neşr fi’l-kırâ’âti’l-aşr adlı eserinde kıraat birikimi adına geniş bir kaynakça kullanarak yaklaşık bin tarike yer vermesi sebebiyle farklı bir boyut kazanmıştır. Söz konusu tariklerin çokluğu tahrîrâtın daha geniş zeminde ele alınmasını sağlamış ve kıraat ilminde tahrîrâta dair geniş bir literatür ortaya çıkmıştır. Ülkemizde tahrîrât hakkında bazı akademik çalışmalar yapılmışsa da bu çalışmalar ilgili ilmi ana hatlarıyla tasvirin ötesine geçebilmiş değildir. Bu bağlamda artık yüzeysel çalışmaların yerini tahrîrât geleneği hakkında ortaya çıkan ekollerin yöntem tahlilinin yapılmasına ve sahanın önemli eserlerindeki görüşlerin bir bütünlük arz edip etmediğinin incelenmesine bırakması gerekir. Koyuncu’nun, sahadaki ilk çalışmalardan kabul edilecek kitabı, tahrîrâttaki “İzmîrî Ekolü”nün kurucusu Mustafa b. Abdirrahman el-İzmîrî’nin (ö. 1154/1741) Umdetü’l-irfân ve bu eserin şerhi olan Bedâi‘u’l-burhân’ı mercek altına almayı hedefliyor. Bu yazıda eser, ana kurgusu takip edilerek bazı açılardan tahlil edilecektir.
Tamim Ensari, İslam’ın Bakış Açısından Dünya Tarihi (trc. İlker Şahin ve Çağrı Sümengen). İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları, 2015, 447 sayfa.
Authors: AŞKIN Deniz
Published: June 2021

Batı’nın, Doğu ve İslam toplumlarını anlama ve yorumlama girişiminin aksine, dünya tarihine farklı bir pencereden yaklaşan İslam’ın Bakış Açısından Dünya Tarihi adlı çalışma gözden kaçan tarihsel olayları önemli kılma çabası olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Afganlı-Amerikan yazar, ilk olarak kavram dayatmasına karşı bir duruş ile Ortadoğu olarak tanımlanan bölgenin Batı merkezli bir tanımla olduğuna dikkat çekerek bunun yerine “Orta Dünya”yı (s. 25) kullanmayı tercih etmektedir. Batı eksenli bir dünya tarihinin kendi dışındaki birçok önemli gelişmeyi önemsiz kıldığına dikkat çeken Ensari, İslam’ın içinden ve Doğu’nun penceresinden tarihsel gelişmeleri yorumlayarak tarihin kenarında değil, bizzat merkezinde olmayı öneriyor. Zira böyle bir bakış açısı, tarihin gerisine itildikten sonra bile özgüven sahibi olan ve geleceğe dair umutla bakan Müslümanları besleyen motivasyonun görülmesini sağlayacaktır. 17.yüzyıla kadar birbirlerinden yalıtık bir şekilde kendi tarihlerini icra eden Hristiyan/Batı ve İslam/Doğu kendilerini ve toplumsal süreçlerini insanlığın merkezi olarak görme eğilimindeydiler. Ancak bu tarihten sonra kesişen bu iki farklı hikâye birinin diğerine üstün gelmesi ve yeniden tanımlama sürecine girdiği bir zamana işaret etmektedir. Ensari’ye göre, tanımlanmaya maruz kalan İslam’ın hiçbir zaman yok olmadığı aksine kendi içerisinde yeni dinamiklerin alanı olmuştur.
Forming mechanism of a seedling tray comprised of lignocellulose in cow manure
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Wei , Ma Yongcai , Qi Liqiang , Shi Jianfei
Published: June 2021

A new method for producing biomass seedling trays with cow manure was developed based on heating to above the glass transition point of the lignin in cow dung. The maize seedling tray, manufactured through heat compression molding, could potentially meet the demand for transplanting maize seedlings. A scanning electron microscope and universal testing machine were used to compare the changes in the internal structure and mechanical properties of the seedling tray before and after the seeding period through a compression molding technique at normal temperature before seeding and a heat compression molding technique after seeding. The results showed that the strength of the seedling tray was mainly derived from the mechanical setting force of the fiber laminated in the seedling tray. Meanwhile, the moisture in the seedling tray hindered the lignin from filling in the gaps between the stem fibers in cow manure, as well as it reduced the protective effect of lignin on the laminated inlay structure of the stem fibers in cow manure. Therefore, under the premise that the material could be completely filled in the mold, the study concluded that a lower moisture content resulted in better strength and water resistance of the seedling tray. As such, this study provides an idea for the functional utilization of cow manure.
Wood and quartz substituted composite material characteristics
Authors: Yıldırım Korkmaz , Yıldırım Yüksel Furkan
Published: June 2021

Many engineering designs focus on the production of durable, ergonomic, and economical new materials. In today’s world where natural resources are rapidly decreasing, recycling waste materials is of great importance. As a result of the bending test, the sample’s return to its original dimensions shows the plastic feature of the material. It was observed that the tensile strength can be increased if the speed of the injection machine is well adjusted in the production of tensile strength testing samples. There was an increase in the screw tensile strength of the samples and the joint hardness strength. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the reference samples were completely crumbled around 480 °C, and it was observed that only quartz remained from the input materials. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the peak point in the reference sample was at the heat flow rate of 29 m/W, while it was 18 to 19 m/W in the doped groups. Melting temperature was observed in the range of 125 to 135 °C in all groups. The mechanical properties of the quartz-substituted samples increased compared to the reference sample. It was observed that the quartz and wood powder contained in the mixture worked in harmony.