bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of wavelet-based machine learning models for predicting long-term rainfall from sunspots and ENSO
Authors: Lin Yuan-Chien , Weng Tzu-Han
Published: December 2023

The variations in rainfall and its spatial and temporal distribution in wet and dry seasons have increased substantially globally owing to the effect of climate change. These disparities can lead to droughts and severe water shortages, as exemplified by the unprecedented drought in Taiwan in 2021, which is considered the worst in 50 years. From a broader perspective, the overall climate and water resources on Earth are influenced by factors, such as the El Niño phenomenon and solar activity. Accordingly, this study examines the relationship between rainfall and planetary- or large-scale influencing factors, such as sunspots and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Additionally, rainfall patterns under various conditions are predicted using machine learning models combined with wavelet analysis. These models use 60-years historical data to build models, and the Bayesian network model exhibited the best overall prediction accuracy (85.7%), with sunspots emerging as the most influential factor. The novel findings of this study strongly confirmed that the relationship between sunspot and local rainfall patterns can serve as a valuable reference for water resources management and planning by relevant organizations.
Evaluation of geohydraulic response properties of hydrogeological units in Littoral hydro-lithofacies in Uyo, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ibuot Johnson C. , Obiora Daniel N. , George Nyakno J.
Published: December 2023

Aquifer geohydraulic response properties are important parameters in groundwater resource management and exploitation. However, geohydraulic properties in the study area is sketchy and due to wildcat drilling. This practice, which leads to inadequate inventory of groundwater parameters, deprived the area of efficient exploitation, monitoring and management of groundwater resources. This study is aimed at evaluating the geo-hydraulic response properties of hydrogeological units in littoral hydro-lithofacies in Uyo, Southern Nigeria. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique was carried out, and a total of fifteen geoelectric soundings were obtained using IGIS Resistivity metre model SSR-MP-ATS and its accessories employing Schlumberger electrode configuration. The interpreted data give sets of geoelectric curves from which the aquifer resistivity and thickness were determined. The results reveal the aquifer bulk resistivity ranging from 23.4 to 1306.2 Ωm with an average of 347.99 Ωm, while aquifer thickness spanned from 7.4 to 56.3 m. The formation factor, fractional porosity and transmissivity ranged from 2.41 to 12.52, 0.20 to 0.46, and 0.001 to 0.037m2/s, respectively. The formation tortuosity also ranged from 1.05 to 1.58; longitudinal conductance ranged from 0.020 to 1.004 Ω−1; and transverse resistance ranged from 549.90 to 69,097.98 Ωm2. These parameters were contoured, and their variations are displayed on the contour maps generated. The graphs plotted showed strong correlation coefficient and earth response function that can be used in modelling the aquifer repositories in areas with similar geomaterials. The results of this study indicate that the survey area has a good prospect for groundwater accumulation, and the results can be useful in installing matching hydraulic pumps in boreholes in the survey area.
Influence of perlite/biosolid composition on growth and uptake of Cd and Mn by radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Onchoke Kefa K. , Fateru Oluwadamilola O.
Published: December 2023

The effects of different perlite/biosolid compositions upon the uptake of Cd and Mn, and the growth of radish plants (Raphanus sativus L) was investigated by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-OES and ICP-MS). Mn and Cd were added in soluble forms to perlite/biosolid compositions. Notably, Mn concentrations in different plant parts were found to increase with increase in biosolid compositions, in the order [Mn]leaves > [Mn]shoot > [Mn]roots. This is plausible for Mn, in conformity with the essential role Mn plays during photosynthesis, in metabolic processes, and oxidation–reduction processes in cells. Results indicate that Mn concentrations in plant parts increased up to ~ 50% (wt/wt) perlite/biosolid application rates. In contrast the Cd uptake concentrations in plant parts decreased in the order [Cd]roots > [Cd]shoots > [Cd]leaf. Thus, toxic Cd tends to be sequestered in the roots vis-à-vis Mn that is translocated to the leaves. These results suggest that radish plants sequester Cd in the roots. Biosolids therefore play an important role in sequestering and binding of Cd. The observed concomitant increase in biomass yields implicates the rich contribution of N and P from biosolids. The results from the greenhouse experiments lead to the conclusion on the role played by the biosolids in cleanup and remediations for Cd and Mn, which increased in plant parts with composted wastewater sludge—compositions.
Occurrence of mammary gland tumours in male dogs and its weak association with development of testicular tumours: a review
Authors: Tkaczyk-Wlizło Angelika , Kowal Krzysztof , Śmiech Anna , Ślaska Brygida
Published: December 2023

Mammary gland tumours (MGTs) are commonly occurring neoplasms in female dogs. However, rare cases of MGTs in male dogs have been reported for years. Due to the low incidence of MGTs in male dogs in comparison to female dogs, veterinary oncology is mainly focused on mammary neoplasms diagnosed in female dogs and extensive research is conducted in this scientific area. Therefore, there are no sufficient epidemiological data on male dogs and the aetiology of their tumour development is still poorly understood.

The aim of this literature review was to present cases of MGTs in male dogs for better understanding the scale of the problem over the years. The analyses of 74 affected male dogs with 92 tumours showed that the majority of MGTs in male dogs were benign tumours (54.3%), especially in form of adenomas, often developed in posterior canine mammary glands (58.1%).

The increased number of canine MGTs in male dogs aged 7 -13 years with an age peak at 11 years was noted. The age of affected animals was not related to breed. Mammary gland neoplasms were diagnosed predominately in Crossbreeds (20.2%) followed by Cocker Spaniels (18.9%) and German Shepherds (10.8%).

The association between MGT development in male dogs and co-occurrence of testicular tumours (TTs) has been discussed for years. Thus, cases of development of both tumours were included in this study. As a result, only in 12.7% cases of MGTs also history of TTs was described. Therefore, no general association between these tumours should be assumed.
Influence of pulping conditions on the pulp yield and fiber properties for pulping of spruce chips by deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Pérez Alan D. , Roy Yagnaseni , Rip Constantijn , Kersten Sascha R. A. , Schuur Boelo
Published: December 2023

The chemical pulping of wood chips using deep eutectic solvents (DES-pulping) has emerged as an alternative technology to conventional pulping in the paper industry, allowing the production of pulp in combination with the recovery of lignin and sugars for valorization. A challenge in the development of this technology is the understanding of how the operating conditions influence the crucial pulp manufacturing parameters such as delignification percentage, pulp yield, and fiber quality. This work is focused on investigating the effect of operating conditions such as cooking temperature, cooking time, liquor-to-wood ratio, initial water content on DES, type of mixing, the addition of a pre-treatment step (pre-impregnation of DES into the wood chips) to cooking process, and DES composition (lactic acid:choline chloride, lactic acid:sodium chloride, and lactic acid:sodium bromide) on the cooking of wood chips by DES. A shortcut quality evaluation parameter (Q), defined as the product of the fiber length and the degree of delignification quantified the quality of the pulping process in a single value, shows values similar to a reference unbleached kraft pulp for cooking at 130 °C in a range of cooking times from 3 to 4.5 h at a L/W of 10:1 by using lactic acid:choline chloride DES. More elaborate property analysis on the fibers showed that several of the the quality-indicating properties of the fibers (coarseness, shape factor, fibril area, and crill index) are comparable with typical sulfite pulping fibers.
Assessment of polyhydroxyalkanoates and polysaccharides production in native phototrophic consortia under nitrogen and phosphorous-starved conditions
Authors: Romero-Frasca E. , Buitrón G.
Published: December 2023

Growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to petroleum-based polymers has increased the interest in the microalgae-based production of polymers, specifically polyhydroxyalkanoates and polysaccharides. While most studies in microbial polymer production have primarily focused on axenic or genetically engineered cultures of cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae, little is known about the potential of mixed phototrophic consortia. This study aimed to obtain and evaluate mixed photosynthetic consortia of different origins (natural and residual) as a novel approach for polyhydroxyalkanoates and polysaccharides accumulation. Activated sludge and freshwater samples were collected and inoculated in lab-scale photobioreactors to generate mixed photosynthetic consortia. After a preliminary screening for polymer-accumulating strains under nutrient-unbalanced conditions, the selected strains were subjected to a biphasic strategy (biomass accumulation and nutrient stress) to evaluate their polyhydroxyalkanoates and polysaccharide accumulation. First, cultures were subjected to a nutrient-rich phase to increase the biomass content and then deprived of nutrients (known as the polymer accumulation phase) to evaluate polyhydroxyalkanoates and polysaccharide yield. Findings in this study revealed that the highest polysaccharide yield for activated sludge biomass and freshwater consortia was 460 ± 16 and 320 ± 24 mg glucose g dried biomass−1, respectively. In contrast, the highest polyhydroxyalkanoates accumulation levels for both cultures were calculated at 5 mg polyhydroxyalkanoates g dried biomass−1. The efficacy of nutrient stress as a selective pressure strategy to develop mostly polysaccharides-accumulating consortia was demonstrated.
Clinical evaluation of a multiplex droplet digital PCR for pathogen detection in critically ill COVID-19 patients with bloodstream infections
Authors: Li Yanbing , Huang Kangkang , Yin Jun , Tan Zheren , Zhou Manli , Dai Jiaoyang , Yi Bin
Published: December 2023

Background

Nosocomial bloodstream infections (nBSI) have emerged as a clinical concern for physicians treating COVID-19 patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multiplex ddPCR in detecting bacterial pathogens in the blood of COVID-19 critically ill patients.

Methods

This prospective diagnostic study included RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital from December 2022 to February 2023. A multiplex ddPCR assay was used to detect common bacterial pathogens and AMR genes in blood samples of the patients, along with antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). The diagnostic performance of the ddPCR assay was evaluated by comparing the results with those obtained through blood culture and clinical diagnosis. Additionally, the ability of ddPCR in detecting bacterial resistance was compared with the AST results.

Results

Of the 200 blood samples collected from 184 patients, 45 (22.5%) were positive using blood culture, while 113 (56.5%) were positive for bacterial targets using the ddPCR assay. The ddPCR assay outperformed blood culture in pathogen detection rate, mixed infection detection rate, and fungal detection rate. Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most commonly detected pathogens in COVID-19 critically ill patients, followed by Enterococcus and Streptococcus. Compared to blood culture, ddPCR achieved a sensitivity of 75.5%, specificity of 51.0%, PPV of 30.9%, and NPV of 87.8%, respectively. However, there were significant differences in sensitivity among different bacterial species, where Gram-negative bacteria have the highest sensitivity of 90.3%. When evaluated on the ground of clinical diagnosis, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of ddPCR were 78.1%, 90.5%, 94.7%, and 65.5%, respectively. In addition, the ddPCR assay detected 23 cases of blaKPC, which shown a better consistent with clinical test results than other detected AMR genes. Compared to blaKPC, there were few other AMR genes detected, indicating that the application of other AMR gene detection in the COVID-19 critically ill patients was limited.

Conclusion

The multiplex ddPCR assay had a significantly higher pathogen detection positivity than the blood culture, which could be an effective diagnostic tool for BSIs in COVID-19 patients and to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of sepsis on the healthcare system, though there is room for optimization of the panels used.- Adjusting the targets to include E. faecalis and E. faecium as well as Candida albicans and Candida glabrata could improve the ddPCR' s effectiveness. However, further research is needed to explore the potential of ddPCR in predicting bacterial resistance through AMR gene detection.
Deformation and residual stress of T-shaped joints fabricated by laser-arc hybrid welding for steel bridge members
Authors: Chen Gang , Hirohata Mikihito , Hyoma Kengo , Matsumoto Naoyuki , Inose Koutarou
Published: December 2023

A series of experiments and analyses were performed for applying laser-arc hybrid welding to fabricating steel bridge components. Two-pass fully penetrated T-shaped joints using high-performance steel (SBHS400) having a 15-mm thickness were produced using hybrid welding. T-shaped joints having identical dimensions were manufactured using conventional arc welding. Without considering the inter-pass cooling time, the duration of hybrid welding was reduced by roughly 83% in comparison to that for GMAW. The average out-of-plane deformation caused by hybrid welding was decreased by 67% compared to arc welding. The fully coupled thermal elastic–plastic analyses were performed to replicate the distribution of residual stress in as-welded T-shaped joints. The analytical results indicated that the tensile residual stress range in hybrid-welded T-shaped joints was approximately one third (1/3) of that in arc-welded T-shaped joints. The weld joints produced by hybrid welding may have advantages over those produced by arc welding in terms of reducing welding deformation, decreasing welding residual stresses, and shortening welding time when manufacturing large steel bridge components.
The impact of metformin on survival in diabetic endometrial cancer patients: a retrospective population-based analysis
Authors: Drevinskaite Mingaile , Kaceniene Auguste , Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene Donata , Smailyte Giedre
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The aim of our study was to assess overall survival and cancer-specific survival in endometrial cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using metformin.

Methods

Patients with endometrial cancer and T2DM during 2000–2012 period were identified from the Lithuanian Cancer Registry and the National Health Insurance Fund database. Cancer-specific and overall survival were primary outcomes.

Results

In our study we included 6287 women with endometrial cancer out of whom 664 were diagnosed with T2DM (598 metformin users and 66 never users). During follow-up (mean follow-up time was 8.97 years), no differences in risk of endometrial cancer specific mortality was observed in diabetic patients treated with metformin (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.87, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.70–1.07). Overall mortality in the diabetic metformin ever users’ group was significantly higher compared with the non-diabetic endometrial cancer women (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03–1.32) and in the group of metformin never users with T2DM (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.07–1.87).

Conclusion

Our study results suggest no beneficial impact on overall and cancer-specific survival in endometrial cancer patients who were treated with metformin as part of their diabetes treatment.
Domination of Managerial and Technical Frames—How the Circular Economy Is Reported in Finnish Business
Authors: Mäkelä Marileena , Onkila Tiina
Published: December 2023

Our research combines two research fields—the circular economy (CE) and sustainability reporting. Previous CE literature has focused on economic and environmental aspects, while the focus on social aspects has been rare. In the field of sustainability reporting, research on CE reporting is lacking. We address this gap. Our data consist of 32 sustainability reports from large Finnish companies. We applied frame analysis to the reports and found that CE reporting varies from none to moderate. Furthermore, we identified three different frames of CE reporting: CE management, technical CE and social CE. The management and technical frames dominate our data. This study contributes to the prior literature on CE reporting by showing how CE is positively framed in sustainability reports but lacks indications of the systematic change that is considered the core of CE in its previous conceptualisations. To achieve strong sustainability, companies urgently need to change the ways in which they operate.
Perceived disrespectful treatment in low-income healthcare settings through the lens of intersectionality
Authors: Snitselaar Sara , Carr Deborah
Published: December 2023

Race and gender differences in the quality of one’s health care encounters are widely documented, but few studies explore the multiplicative impacts of race and gender. Drawing on intersectionality frameworks, we contrast white, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American men’s and women’s perceptions of disrespectful treatment from health care providers and staff (e.g., receptionists, clerks) in low-income health settings. Data are from the 2014 Health Center Patient Survey (N = 5385), a nationally representative survey of community-dwelling patients receiving care at health centers funded through Section 330 of the Public Health Service Act. Our results show race and sex differences in the study outcomes, yet weak support for intersectional effects. Asian and Native American patients report more disrespectful treatment from providers, relative to other ethnic groups. Women are more likely than men to report disrespectful treatment from staff. Asians also report disrespectful treatment from staff. Health care providers and staff may require training focused on the distinctive needs of Asian patients, for whom “saving face” may be a salient goal. Structural changes to reduce wait times and employ medical interpreters to ensure clear communication, and staff training focused on verbal and nonverbal communication may mitigate against actions perceived as disrespectful in low-income health settings.
Advancing post-harvest fruit handling through AI-based thermal imaging: applications, challenges, and future trends
Authors: Pathmanaban P. , Gnanavel B. K. , Anandan Shanmuga Sundaram , Sathiyamurthy S.
Published: December 2023

Recent advancements in imaging, electronics, and computer science have engendered significant progress in non-destructive testing and quality monitoring within the agro-food industry. This progress is particularly evident in integrating infrared thermal imaging (TI) and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. As a non-contact method, AI-based TI holds promise in detecting various quality attributes and has found extensive applications in agriculture, food processing, and post-harvest fruit handling. This paper delves into recent applications of AI-based thermal imaging, specifically in post-harvest fruit handling. The introduction provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges faced in the post-harvest fruit handling industry while emphasizing the advantages of AI-driven thermal imaging technology. The detailed thermal imaging system encompasses both passive and active thermography techniques. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of artificial intelligence, focusing on machine learning and deep learning. It highlights the significance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and their architectural phases. Subsequently, critical applications of AI-based thermal imaging in post-harvest fruit quality assessment are discussed. These applications encompass bruise detection, maturity identification, condition monitoring, grading and sorting, pest and disease detection, and considerations for packaging and supply chain management. Furthermore, this paper addresses the challenges and limitations of AI-based thermal imaging in post-harvest fruit handling. In conclusion, this paper discusses future trends in AI-based thermal imaging, emphasizing the potential for increased automation and integration with emerging technologies in the post-harvest fruit handling sector. The insights provided contribute to the ongoing dialog surrounding optimizing quality assessment processes in the agro-food industry.
The role of building violations on urban spatial development in Iran: an emphasize on Tehran metropolis socioeconomic factors
Authors: Kojouri Mousa Kamanroudi , Ghalehteimouri Kamran Jafarpour , Kiadarbandsari Mahla
Published: December 2023

Building code violations have negatively affected Tehran’s spatial development significantly over the last three decades. This study was carried out to answer the question of what the status and factors of building violations and spatial changes were in Tehran’s districts in the first decade 1990s and 2000s, when rapid urban development was at its peak. This study’s statistical population included all buildings in the 22 districts of Tehran. In addition, the data and information for this study were gathered through library and documentary research. Furthermore, descriptive statistical methods were used to explain and interpret the data, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to represent the results. According to the findings, financial incentives were the most important motivators for committing these violations. One of the most important spatial developments in the Tehran metropolis during this time is the conflict between the Master Plan for the city and population growth, per-capita residential, commercial, and military land use. As a result, areas 1 to 7 and residential structures accounted for 56% of Tehran’s total area of residential buildings and 41.8% of the city’s population in 2001, respectively, a rise of 2.9% and 34.8%. Additionally, other public institutions increased the area of residential buildings and the population of this area by 46.5% and 42.5% during this time period, respectively, by violating building codes, particularly in area 4 of the city.
The Doctor in Free Movement Law: Expertise, Duty, and Accountability
Authors: van Leeuwen Barend
Published: December 2023

This Article provides an empirical analysis of all free movement of doctors cases decided by the CJEU. The aim of the Article is twofold: to provide a ‘characterisation’ of the type of doctors who rely on free movement law, and to make a link between their reliance on free movement law and the concept of medical professionalism. In what circumstances, and with what purpose, do doctors rely on free movement law? And does their reliance on free movement law pose a risk to medical professionalism? The analysis shows that most cases before the CJEU focussed on the expertise and qualifications of doctors. Many cases were brought by groups of doctors or medical professional associations. In most cases, the aim of the doctor's reliance on free movement law was to defend medical professionalism. Nevertheless, some recent cases show that doctors do rely on free movement law to restrict their accountability towards patients or national healthcare systems. Moreover, these cases show that arguments based on free movement law are relied on in a broader range of non-specialised courts or tribunals. This makes it important that national courts continue to engage in a dialogue with the CJEU.
Laboratory generation of zero-mean-flow homogeneous isotropic turbulence: non-grid approaches
Authors: Ghazi Nezami Arefe , Byron Margaret , Johnson Blair A.
Published: December 2023

Over the years, many facilities have been developed to study turbulent flow in the laboratory. Homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT) with zero mean flow provides a unique environment for investigating fundamental aspects and specific applications of turbulent flow. We provide an extensive overview of laboratory facilities that generate incompressible zero-mean-flow HIT using different types of actuators and configurations. Reviewed facilities cover a variety of geometries and sizes, as well as forcing style (e.g. symmetric versus asymmetric and unsteady versus steady). We divide facilities into four categories, highlighting links between their geometries and the statistics of the flows they generate. We then compare published data to uncover similarities and differences among various turbulence-generation mechanisms. We also compare the decay of turbulence in zero-mean-flow facilities with that observed in wind and water tunnels, and we analyse the connections between flow characteristics and physical aspects of the facilities. Our results emphasize the importance of considering facility geometry and size together with the strength and type of actuators when studying zero-mean-flow HIT. Overall, we provide insight into how to optimally design and build laboratory facilities that generate zero-mean-flow HIT.
Feeding ecology of the shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the Ecuadorian Pacific Ocean
Authors: Calle-Morán Marcos D. , Erazo-Garcés Héctor M. , Hernández-Téllez Ana R. , Galván-Magaña Felipe , Estupiñán-Montaño Colombo
Published: December 2023

Shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus, is listed as an endangered species with declining global population. Thus, studies regarding its biology and ecology are important to recommend fishery management and conservation measures. This study aimed to determine the diet composition and feeding habits of I. oxyrinchus in Ecuadorian waters. Samples were obtained from Santa Rosa fishing port (Ecuador). The total length (LT), sex and sexual characteristics were recorded, and stomach contents were collected. A total of 142 individuals were recorded, comprising 81 females (104–295 cm LT) and 61 males (127–245 cm LT). A total of 24 prey species were identified, including crustaceans, cephalopods, teleosts and cetaceans. According to the Prey-Specific Index of Relative Importance (PSIRI), the main prey taxa were the ommastrephid squid, Dosidicus gigas (42.57%) and Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (21.04%), followed by fish from the family Hemiramphidae (11.85%). Isurus oxyrinchus is a specialist predator that preferred a low number of prey (Bi = 0.25), both by sex (Bi; females = 0.29 and males = 0.34) and life stages (Bi; juveniles = 0.27 and adults = 0.37). The trophic overlap was medium for sexes (J = 0.54) and biological cycle phases (J = 0.42). Trophic level (TLk) was 4.47, indicating that I. oxyrinchus is a tertiary predator. This information will help in fisheries management based on an ecosystem approach, where this species fulfils an ecological role, and its interactions with other species allow us to understand how the flow of nutrients and energy occurs within an ecosystem.
Entwicklung und Implementierung von Prozessverantwortlicher Pflege auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Krüger Lars , Wefer Franziska , Mannebach Thomas , Zwiener Christoph , Beyer Denis , y Soto André Ramos , Lohmeier Sarah , Teigeler Jonathan , Wittemeier Christine , Rinsche Nicole , Siegling Christian , Mertins Esther , Schramm René , Langer Gero
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: In einem Universitätsklinikum wurde die Entwicklung und Implementierung von Primary Nursing (Prozessverantwortliche Pflege, PP) auf einer Pilot-Intensivstation initiiert. Zur Entwicklung der Rollen von Pflegenden mit und ohne Prozessverantwortung wurde unter Berücksichtigung des Skill-Grade-Mixes eine Arbeitsgruppe PP (AG PP) gegründet. Problemstellung und Zielsetzung: Ziel der AG PP war es, die Rollen von prozessverantwortlich Pflegenden (PP) und Pflegenden (P) zu entwickeln sowie den Implementierungsprozess zu planen und umzusetzen. Methodik: Gemäß den Empfehlungen des Medical Research Council wurden die Schritte Entwicklung und Pilotierung berücksichtigt. Zu drei Messzeitpunkten wurden quantitativ das Instrument zur Erfassung von Pflegesystemen (IzEP©) und qualitativ ein Fokusgruppeninterview sowie eine Stationsablaufanalyse in t0 (IST-Analyse vor Entwicklung und Pilotierung), t1 (6 Monate nach Umsetzung) und t2 (12 Monate nach Umsetzung) eingesetzt. Ergebnisse: PP übernehmen vor allem die Gestaltung und Steuerung des Pflegeprozesses. Die IzEP©-Analyse zeigte in t0 mit 50,0% eine Bereichspflege. Die Werte konnten von 74,0% in t1 auf 83,5% in t2 hin zu PP gesteigert werden. Qualitativ gewonnene Daten stützten diese Ergebnisse und zeigten weiteres Optimierungspotential für die Praxis auf. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse belegen die Umsetzung von PP in der Praxis. Zur Entwicklung und Implementierung neuer pflegerischer Rollen ist die Einbindung der betroffenen Pflegenden obligat.
Attitudes Toward People with Dementia in Germany and China
Authors: Zhu Lin , Schall Arthur , Paulitsch Michael , Pantel Johannes , Tesky Valentina A.
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Attitudes toward people with dementia influence how these patients are treated. Knowledge of intercultural differences in attitudes enables specific concepts of care. We validated the Dementia Attitudes Scale (DAS) for Mandarin Chinese to gather preliminary data on differences between Germany and China. Internal consistency was good for both versions of the DAS (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.7). Principal component analysis revealed three main components in each country, along with slight differences in composition. The study revealed differences in attitudes toward people with dementia, but it is unclear whether this reflects cultural influences, differences in healthcare structures, or personal experience. Future studies should address these factors to improve care for people with dementia in a culturally sensitive manner.
The Role of Just-World Beliefs in Predicting Dishonest	Behavior
Authors: Tan Xin , Zhang Lei , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Wu Song
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Belief in a just world is considered an important personal variable in studies on moral behavior. However, previous studies have found conflicting results regarding the relationship between belief in a just world and dishonest behavior. The present study examines the role of belief in a just world (for the self and others) in their tendency to engage in dishonest behavior, especially in situations highlighting attention for either the self or others. The results indicated that the belief in a just world for others (other-BJW) positively predicted dishonest behavior, whereas the belief in a just world for self (self-BJW) did not. However, the present study also found that the association between other-BJW and dishonesty disappeared when participants’ attention was focused on themselves. Based on these results, we suggest that future studies explore the potential mediating effects of moral disengagement.
A dual-mode fiber-shaped flexible capacitive strain sensor fabricated by direct ink writing technology for wearable and implantable health monitoring applications
Authors: Zhang Chi , Ouyang Wenyu , Zhang Lei , Li Dachao
Published: December 2023

Flexible fiber-shaped strain sensors show tremendous potential in wearable health monitoring and human‒machine interactions due to their compatibility with everyday clothing. However, the conductive and sensitive materials generated by traditional manufacturing methods to fabricate fiber-shaped strain sensors, including sequential coating and solution extrusion, exhibit limited stretchability, resulting in a limited stretch range and potential interface delamination. To address this issue, we fabricate a fiber-shaped flexible capacitive strain sensor (FSFCSS) by direct ink writing technology. Through this technology, we print parallel helical Ag electrodes on the surface of TPU tube fibers and encapsulate them with a high dielectric material BTO@Ecoflex, endowing FSFCSS with excellent dual-mode sensing performance. The FSFCSS can sense dual-model strain, namely, axial tensile strain and radial expansion strain. For axial tensile strain sensing, FSFCSS exhibits a wide detection range of 178%, a significant sensitivity of 0.924, a low detection limit of 0.6%, a low hysteresis coefficient of 1.44%, and outstanding mechanical stability. For radial expansion strain sensing, FSFCSS demonstrates a sensitivity of 0.00086 mmHg−1 and exhibits excellent responsiveness to static and dynamic expansion strain. Furthermore, FSFCSS was combined with a portable data acquisition circuit board for the acquisition of physiological signals and human‒machine interaction in a wearable wireless sensing system. To measure blood pressure and heart rate, FSFCSS was combined with a printed RF coil in series to fabricate a wireless hemodynamic sensor. This work enables simultaneous application in wearable and implantable health monitoring, thereby advancing the development of smart textiles.
New insights into the correlations between circulating tumor cells and target organ metastasis
Authors: Zhan Qinru , Liu Bixia , Situ Xiaohua , Luo Yuting , Fu Tongze , Wang Yanxia , Xie Zhongpeng , Ren Lijuan , Zhu Ying , He Weiling , Ke Zunfu
Published: December 2023

Organ-specific metastasis is the primary cause of cancer patient death. The distant metastasis of tumor cells to specific organs depends on both the intrinsic characteristics of the tumor cells and extrinsic factors in their microenvironment. During an intermediate stage of metastasis, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are released into the bloodstream from primary and metastatic tumors. CTCs harboring aggressive or metastatic features can extravasate to remote sites for continuous colonizing growth, leading to further lesions. In the past decade, numerous studies demonstrated that CTCs exhibited huge clinical value including predicting distant metastasis, assessing prognosis and monitoring treatment response et al. Furthermore, increasingly numerous experiments are dedicated to identifying the key molecules on or inside CTCs and exploring how they mediate CTC-related organ-specific metastasis. Based on the above molecules, more and more inhibitors are being developed to target CTCs and being utilized to completely clean CTCs, which should provide promising prospects to administer advanced tumor. Recently, the application of various nanomaterials and microfluidic technologies in CTCs enrichment technology has assisted to improve our deep insights into the phenotypic characteristics and biological functions of CTCs as a potential therapy target, which may pave the way for us to make practical clinical strategies. In the present review, we mainly focus on the role of CTCs being involved in targeted organ metastasis, especially the latest molecular mechanism research and clinical intervention strategies related to CTCs.
Sociodemographic associations with uptake of novel therapies for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hantel Andrew , Cernik Colin , Uno Hajime , Walsh Thomas P. , Calip Gregory S. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Lathan Christopher S. , Abel Gregory A.
Published: December 2023

Inequitable uptake of novel therapies (NT) in non-cancer settings are known for patients with lower socioeconomic status (SES), People of Color (POC), and older adults. NT uptake equity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not well known. We performed a retrospective cohort study (1/2014-8/2022) of the United States nationwide Flatiron HealthTM electronic health record-derived, de-identified database. We estimated sociodemographic associations with AML NT receipt using incidence rate ratios (IRR). Odds ratios (OR) assessed differences in venetoclax (the most common NT) receipt at community sites and between site characteristics and NT adoption. Of 8081 patients (139 sites), 3102 (38%) received a NT. NT use increased annually (IRR 1.14, 95% confidence interval [1.07, 1.22]). NT receipt was similar between Non-Hispanic-Whites and POC (IRR 1.03, [0.91, 1.17]) and as age increased (IRR 1.02 [0.97, 1.07]). At community sites, Non-Hispanic-Whites were less likely to receive venetoclax (OR 0.77 [0.66, 0.91]); older age (OR 1.05 [1.04, 1.05]) and higher area-level SES were associated with venetoclax receipt (OR 1.23 [1.05, 1.43]). Early NT adopting sites had more prescribing physicians (OR 1.25 [1.13, 1.43]) and higher SES strata patients (OR 2.81 [1.08, 7.66]). Inequities in AML NT uptake were seen by SES; for venetoclax, differential uptake reflects its label indication for older adults and those with comorbidities.
USP7 inhibits the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via promoting SPLUNC1-mediated M1 macrophage polarization through TRIM24
Authors: Liu Huai , Tang Ling , Gong Sha , Xiao Tengfei , Yang Hongmin , Gu Wangning , Wang Hui , Chen Pan
Published: December 2023

Reprogramming of macrophages toward an M1 phenotype is a novel strategy to induce anticancer immunity. However, the regulatory mechanisms of M1 macrophage polarization and its functional roles in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) progression need to be further explored. Here we found that SPLUNC1 was highly expressed and responsible for M1 macrophage polarization. JAK/STATs pathway activation was involved in SPLUNC1-mediated M1 macrophage polarization. Importantly, regulation of SPLUNC1 in macrophages affected CM-mediated influence on NPC cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, USP7 deubiquitinated and stabilized TRIM24, which promoted SPLUNC1 expression via recruitment of STAT3 in M1 macrophages. Depletion of TRIM24 inhibited M1 macrophage polarization, which facilitated NPC cell growth and migration. However, over-expression of USP7 exhibited the opposite results and counteracted the tumorigenic effect of TRIM24 silencing. Finally, the growth and metastasis of NPC cells in vivo were repressed by USP7-induced M1 macrophage polarization via modulating TRIM24/SPLUNC1 axis. USP7 delayed NPC progression via promoting macrophage polarization toward M1 through regulating TRIM24/SPLUNC1 pathway, providing evidence for the development of effective antitumor immunotherapies for NPC.
RNF115/BCA2 deficiency alleviated acute liver injury in mice by promoting autophagy and inhibiting inflammatory response
Authors: Feng Jinqiu , Ye Shufang , Hai Bao , Lou Yaxin , Duan Mengyuan , Guo Pengli , Lv Ping , Lu Wenping , Chen Yingyu
Published: December 2023

The E3 ubiquitin ligase RING finger protein 115 (RNF115), also known as breast cancer-associated gene 2 (BCA2), has been linked with the growth of some cancers and immune regulation, which is negatively correlated with prognosis. Here, it is demonstrated that the RNF115 deletion can protect mice from acute liver injury (ALI) induced by the treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN), as evidenced by decreased levels of alanine aminotransaminase, aspartate transaminase, inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6), chemokines (e.g., MCP1/CCL2) and inflammatory cell (e.g., monocytes and neutrophils) infiltration. Moreover, it was found that the autophagy activity in Rnf115−/− livers was increased, which resulted in the removal of damaged mitochondria and hepatocyte apoptosis. However, the administration of adeno-associated virus Rnf115 or autophagy inhibitor 3-MA impaired autophagy and aggravated liver injury in Rnf115−/− mice with ALI. Further experiments proved that RNF115 interacts with LC3B, downregulates LC3B protein levels and cell autophagy. Additionally, Rnf115 deletion inhibited M1 type macrophage activation via NF-κB and Jnk signaling pathways. Elimination of macrophages narrowed the difference in liver damage between Rnf115+/+ and Rnf115−/− mice, indicating that macrophages were linked in the ALI induced by LPS/D-GalN. Collectively, for the first time, we have proved that Rnf115 inactivation ameliorated LPS/D-GalN-induced ALI in mice by promoting autophagy and attenuating inflammatory responses. This study provides new evidence for the involvement of autophagy mechanisms in the protection against acute liver injury.
WWP1 E3 ligase at the crossroads of health and disease
Authors: Behera Abhayananda , Reddy Aramati Bindu Madhava
Published: December 2023

The E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1 (WW Domain-containing E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 1) is a member of the HECT (Homologous to the E6-associated protein Carboxyl Terminus) E3 ligase family. It is conserved across several species and plays crucial roles in various physiological processes, including development, cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. It exerts its functions through ubiquitination or protein-protein interaction with PPXY-containing proteins. WWP1 plays a role in several human diseases, including cardiac conditions, neurodevelopmental, age-associated osteogenic disorders, infectious diseases, and cancers. In solid tumors, WWP1 plays a dual role as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor, whereas in hematological malignancies such as AML, it is identified as a dedicated oncogene. Importantly, WWP1 inhibition using small molecule inhibitors such as Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) and Bortezomib or siRNAs leads to significant suppression of cancer growth and healing of bone fractures, suggesting that WWP1 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for several diseases. In this review, we discuss the evolutionary perspective, structure, and functions of WWP1 and its multilevel regulation by various regulators. We also examine its emerging roles in cancer progression and its therapeutic potential. Finally, we highlight WWP1’s role in normal physiology, contribution to pathological conditions, and therapeutic potential for cancer and other diseases.
The potential of emerging bio-based products to reduce environmental impacts
Authors: Zuiderveen Emma A. R. , Kuipers Koen J. J. , Caldeira Carla , Hanssen Steef V. , van der Hulst Mitchell K. , de Jonge Melinda M. J. , Vlysidis Anestis , van Zelm Rosalie , Sala Serenella , Huijbregts Mark A. J.
Published: December 2023

The current debate on the sustainability of bio-based products questions the environmental benefits of replacing fossil- by bio-resources. Here, we analyze the environmental trade-offs of 98 emerging bio-based materials compared to their fossil counterparts, reported in 130 studies. Although greenhouse gas life cycle emissions for emerging bio-based products are on average 45% lower (−52 to −37%; 95% confidence interval), we found a large variation between individual bio-based products with none of them reaching net-zero emissions. Grouped in product categories, reductions in greenhouse gas emissions ranged from 19% (−52 to 35%) for bioadhesives to 73% (−84 to −54%) for biorefinery products. In terms of other environmental impacts, we found evidence for an increase in eutrophication (369%; 163 to 737%), indicating that environmental trade-offs should not be overlooked. Our findings imply that the environmental sustainability of bio-based products should be evaluated on an individual product basis and that more radical product developments are required to reach climate-neutral targets.
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis methyltransferase Rv2067c manipulates host epigenetic programming to promote its own survival
Authors: Singh Prakruti R. , Dadireddy Venkatareddy , Udupa Shubha , Kalladi Shashwath Malli , Shee Somnath , Khosla Sanjeev , Rajmani Raju S. , Singh Amit , Ramakumar Suryanarayanarao , Nagaraja Valakunja
Published: December 2023

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has evolved several mechanisms to counter host defense arsenals for its proliferation. Here we report that M. tuberculosis employs a multi-pronged approach to modify host epigenetic machinery for its survival. It secretes methyltransferase (MTase) Rv2067c into macrophages, trimethylating histone H3K79 in a non-nucleosomal context. Rv2067c downregulates host MTase DOT1L, decreasing DOT1L-mediated nucleosomally added H3K79me3 mark on pro-inflammatory response genes. Consequent inhibition of caspase-8-dependent apoptosis and enhancement of RIPK3-mediated necrosis results in increased pathogenesis. In parallel, Rv2067c enhances the expression of SESTRIN3, NLRC3, and TMTC1, enabling the pathogen to overcome host inflammatory and oxidative responses. We provide the structural basis for differential methylation of H3K79 by Rv2067c and DOT1L. The structures of Rv2067c and DOT1L explain how their action on H3K79 is spatially and temporally separated, enabling Rv2067c to effectively intercept the host epigenetic circuit and downstream signaling.
Revealing hidden patterns in deep neural network feature space continuum via manifold learning
Authors: Islam Md Tauhidul , Zhou Zixia , Ren Hongyi , Khuzani Masoud Badiei , Kapp Daniel , Zou James , Tian Lu , Liao Joseph C. , Xing Lei
Published: December 2023

Deep neural networks (DNNs) extract thousands to millions of task-specific features during model training for inference and decision-making. While visualizing these features is critical for comprehending the learning process and improving the performance of the DNNs, existing visualization techniques work only for classification tasks. For regressions, the feature points lie on a high dimensional continuum having an inherently complex shape, making a meaningful visualization of the features intractable. Given that the majority of deep learning applications are regression-oriented, developing a conceptual framework and computational method to reliably visualize the regression features is of great significance. Here, we introduce a manifold discovery and analysis (MDA) method for DNN feature visualization, which involves learning the manifold topology associated with the output and target labels of a DNN. MDA leverages the acquired topological information to preserve the local geometry of the feature space manifold and provides insightful visualizations of the DNN features, highlighting the appropriateness, generalizability, and adversarial robustness of a DNN. The performance and advantages of the MDA approach compared to the existing methods are demonstrated in different deep learning applications.
Stoichiometry validation of supramolecular complexes with a hydrocarbon cage host by van ’t Hoff analyses
Authors: Fukunaga Toshiya M. , Onaka Yuzuka , Kato Takahide , Ikemoto Koki , Isobe Hiroyuki
Published: December 2023

Defining chemical processes with equations is the first important step in characterizing equilibria for the assembly of supramolecular complexes, and the stoichiometry of the assembled components must be defined to generate the equation. Recently, this subject has attracted renewed interest, and statistical and/or information-theoretic measures were introduced to examine the validities of the equilibrium models used during curve fitting analyses of titration. The present study shows that these measures may not always be appropriate for credibility examinations and that further reformation of the protocols used to determine the overall stoichiometry is necessary. Hydrocarbon cage hosts and their chloroform complexes formed via weak CH-π hydrogen bonds were studied, which allowed us to introduce van ’t Hoff analyses for effective validation of the stoichiometries of supramolecular complexes. This study shows that the stoichiometries of supramolecular complexes should be carefully examined by adopting multiple measures with different origins.