bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of learning on wellbeing for older adults in England
Authors: JENKINS ANDREW , MOSTAFA TAREK
Published: July 2014

There is growing interest in factors which can contribute to the wellbeing of older adults. Participation in learning could have beneficial effects, but to date research on the benefits of learning has tended to focus on young people or those in mid-life and there is currently little evidence on the impact of learning on the wellbeing of older adults. In this paper we provide new, quantitative evidence on the relationship between participation in learning and the wellbeing of older adults. Our study used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), a continuing, longitudinal survey of older adults. To measure wellbeing we used the CASP-19 instrument, a subjective wellbeing measure which is available at all waves of the ELSA survey. Respondents were asked about four types of learning activity: obtaining qualifications; attendance at formal education/training courses; membership of education, music or arts groups or evening classes; membership of sports clubs, gym and exercise classes. To take account of unobservable factors which might influence wellbeing, we applied fixed effects panel regressions to four waves of ELSA data. Learning was associated with higher wellbeing after controlling for a range of other factors. We found evidence that more informal types of learning were associated with higher wellbeing. There was no evidence that formal education/training courses were associated with higher wellbeing.
The meaning of the experience of anticipating falling
Authors: SHAW JAMES A. , CONNELLY DENISE M. , MCWILLIAM CAROL L.
Published: July 2014

Falling in later life continues to be a critical issue in gerontology research, health professional practice and ageing health policy. However, much research in the area of fall risk and fall prevention neglects the meaning of the experiences of older people themselves. This humanistic interpretive phenomenological study explored the meaning of the experience of anticipating falling from the perspective of older people in order to foster a more person-focused approach to fall risk assessment and fall prevention. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine participants over the age of 65 living independently in the community. Follow-up interviews with two key informants were completed to inform the emerging interpretations. For older participants residing in the community, the experience of anticipating falling meant confronting their embodied lived-identity in the context of ageing. Experiential learning shaped how participants understood the meaning of falling, which constituted tacit, pathic knowledge of vulnerability and anxiety with respect to falling. Findings emphasise the importance of critically reflecting on the social experience of anticipating falling to develop effective and relevant fall prevention interventions, programmes and policies. A lifeworld-led approach to fall risk assessment and fall prevention resonates with these findings, and may encourage health-care providers to adopt a sustained focus on embodied lived-identity and quality of life when engaging older people in fall prevention activities.
A geometric approach for the workspace analysis of two symmetric planar parallel manipulators
Authors: Bihari Banke , Kumar Dhiraj , Jha Chandan , Rathore Vijay S. , Dash Anjan Kumar
Published: July 2014

The workspace is often a critical parameter for optimum design of parallel manipulators. Workspace shape and area are two important considerations under this. In this paper, 5-R and 3-RRR planar parallel manipulators having symmetric link lengths are considered for workspace analysis. Here, symmetric means that the lengths of the first and second links of the legs are the same in all branches. Workspace analysis for such manipulators is normally done in a nondimensional way. The determination of the workspace area is one of the important parameters in the optimum design of a manipulator, and the determination of the area in terms of nondimensional parameters is extremely difficult in the case of 3-DOF and higher-DOF manipulators. In this paper, a geometric method is presented to determine different workspace shapes and areas. Based on this, all possible shapes of workspace are presented for both 5-R and 3-RRR planar parallel manipulators. For each case, a geometrical relationship between the link lengths is determined. The geometric approach gives a closed-form expression for the area calculation, which is not possible when adopting a nondimensional approach. In addition, this approach provides relationships between workspace shape and area and link lengths.
Optimal cooperative path planning of unmanned aerial vehicles by a parallel genetic algorithm
Authors: Shorakaei Hamed , Vahdani Mojtaba , Imani Babak , Gholami Ali.
Published: July 2014

The current paper presents a path planning method based on probability maps and uses a new genetic algorithm for a group of UAVs. The probability map consists of cells that display the probability which the UAV will not encounter a hostile threat. The probability map is defined by three events. The obstacles are modeled in the probability map, as well. The cost function is defined such that all cells are surveyed in the path track. The simple formula based on the unique vector is presented to find this cell position. Generally, the cost function is formed by two parts; one part for optimizing the path of each UAV and the other for preventing UAVs from collision. The first part is a combination of safety and length of path and the second part is formed by an exponential function. Then, the optimal paths of each UAV are obtained by the genetic algorithm in a parallel form. According to the dimensions of path planning, genetic encoding has two or three indices. A new genetic operator is introduced to select an appropriate pair of chromosome for crossover operation. The effectiveness of the method is shown by several simulations.
On the generalized same N-type conjecture
Authors: LEE DAE-WOONG
Published: July 2014

In this paper we prove the generalized version of the same n-type conjecture posed by McGibbon and Møller in [15, page 287]: it is shown that the set of all the same homotopy n-types of the suspension of the smash products of the Eilenberg-MacLane spaces is the one element set consisting of a single homotopy type.
An elementary proof of the polynomial matrix spectral factorization theorem
Authors: Ephremidze Lasha
Published: July 2014

A very simple proof of the polynomial matrix spectral factorization theorem (on the unit circle as well as on the real line), which relies on elementary complex analysis and linear algebra, is presented.
A squeezing property and its applications to a description of long-time behaviour in the three-dimensional viscous primitive equations
Authors: Chueshov Igor
Published: July 2014

We consider the three-dimensional viscous primitive equations with periodic boundary conditions. These equations arise in the study of ocean dynamics and generate a dynamical system in a Sobolev H1-type space. Our main result establishes the so-called squeezing property in the Ladyzhenskaya form for this system. As a consequence of this property we prove the finiteness of the fractal dimension of the corresponding global attractor, the existence of a finite number of determining modes and the ergodicity of a related random kick model. All these results provide new information concerning the long-time dynamics of oceanic motion.
Global bifurcation of capillary–gravity-stratified water waves
Authors: Henry David , Matioc Anca-Vocihita
Published: July 2014

We study steady periodic water waves with variable vorticity and density, where we allow for stagnation points in the flow, and where we admit the capillarity effects of surface tension. Using global bifurcation theory, we extend a local curve of non-trivial solutions of the governing equations to a global continuum of solutions. Furthermore, we obtain a description of the behaviour of the solutions along this continuum.
On solutions to the heat equation with the initial condition in the Orlicz—Slobodetskii space
Authors: Kałamajska Agnieszka , Krbec Mirosłav
Published: July 2014

We study the boundary-value problem ũt = Δxũ(x,t), ũ(x, 0) = u(x), where x ∈ Ω, t ∈ (0,T), Ω ⊆ ℝn−1 is a bounded Lipschitz boundary domain, u belongs to a certain Orlicz–Slobodetskii space YR,R(Ω). Under certain assumptions on the Orlicz function R, we prove that the solution u belongs to the Orlicz–Sobolev space W1,R(Ω × (0,T)).
Cofactors and equilibria for polynomial vector fields
Authors: Ferragut Antoni , Llibre Jaume
Published: July 2014

We present a relationship between the existence of equilibrium points of differential systems and the cofactors of the invariant algebraic curves and the exponential factors of the system.
Blow-up rates of large solutions for a ϕ-Laplacian problem with gradient term
Authors: Arriagada W. , Huentutripay J.
Published: July 2014

We study the behaviour of solutions of a boundary blow-up elliptic problem on a bounded domain Ω with smooth boundary in ℝN. The data of the problem consist of an increasing function f : ℝ+ → ℝ+ and two real regularly varying functions ϕ and g.
Locating Nature: Making and Unmaking International Law: Introduction
Authors: KHODAY KISHAN , LAMB VANESSA , MCCREARY TYLER , MICKELSON KARIN , NATARAJAN USHA , PORRAS ILEANA
Published: July 2014

Environmental harm is of increasing concern to peoples and states all over the world, whether in relation to ensuring access to healthy air, water, food, and sustainable livelihoods, or coping with the diversity of challenges posed by changing climates and ecologies. While international lawyers have focused on crafting solutions to environmental problems, less attention is paid to the disciplinary role in fostering harmful and unsustainable behavioural patterns. Environmental issues are usually relegated to the specialized field of international environmental law. This project explores instead the role of nature in the general discipline, arguing that the natural environment is a determinative factor in shaping international law, and that assumptions about nature lie at the heart of disciplinary concepts such as sovereignty, development, economy, property, and human rights.
Locating Nature: Making and Unmaking International Law
Authors: NATARAJAN USHA , KHODAY KISHAN
Published: July 2014

This article explores the relationship between international law and the natural environment. We contend that international environmental law and general international law are structured in ways that systemically reinforce ecological harm. Through exploring the cultural milieu from which international environmental law emerged, we argue it produced an impoverished understanding of nature that is incapable of responding adequately to ecological crises. We maintain that environmental issues should not be confined to a disciplinary specialization because humanity's relationship with nature has been central to making international law. Foundational concepts such as sovereignty, development, property, economy, human rights, and so on, have evolved through understanding nature in ways that are unsuited to perceiving or observing ecological limits. International law primarily sees nature as a resource for wealth generation to enable societies to continually develop, and environmental degradation is treated as an economic externality to be managed by special regimes. Through tracing the co-evolution of these assumptions about nature alongside seminal disciplinary concepts, it becomes evident that such understandings are central to shaping international law and that the discipline helps universalize and normalize them. By comprehending more broadly the relationship between nature and international law, it is possible to see beyond law's potential to correct environmental harm and identify the disciplinary role in driving ecological degradation. Venturing beyond the purview of international environmental lawyers, this article considers the role of all international lawyers in augmenting and mitigating ecological crises. It concludes that disciplinary solutions to environmental problems require radical departures from existing disciplinary tenets, necessitating new formulations that encapsulate rich and diverse understandings of nature.
The Principle ofNon-RefoulementAnd the De-Territorialization of Border Control at Sea
Authors: TREVISANUT SELINE
Published: July 2014

Destination states of irregular migration aim to prevent arrivals by controlling their borders outside their territory, specifically on the high seas. This practice may best be described as the de-territorialization of border control at sea. The de-territorialization impacts the applicable legal framework, in particular the safeguards to which individuals submitted to the control activities are entitled. This article posits that the principle ofnon-refoulementis a fundamental yardstick for the de-territorialization of border control and applies wherever competent state authorities perform border control measures. The argument develops in four steps. After outlining the content of the principle ofnon-refoulement, this article defines maritime borders and elucidates their functional nature. It then outlines how the principle ofnon-refoulementapplies at sea and translates into a ‘principle of non-rejection at the maritime frontier’. The article finally highlights the principle's legal and practical consequences in the context of de-territorialized border control.
Seven Canons of ICC Treaty Interpretation: Making Sense of Article 25's Rorschach Blot
Authors: SADAT LEILA NADYA , JOLLY JARROD M.
Published: July 2014

This article draws on well-established understandings of international treaty interpretation and the role of the judicial function to propose seven canons of treaty construction that may serve as the basis of a principled interpretation of the substantive law of the Rome Statute. This interpretative framework is then applied to the seemingly intractable debate within the Court and among scholars over the correct interpretation of Article 25, on modes of liability. The seven canons provide guidelines that may enable the ‘Rorschach blot’ of Article 25, capable of many divergent interpretations, to become uniformly and consistently understood and interpreted.
Financial repression: what does it mean for savers and investors? ‐
Abstract of the Edinburgh Discussion
Authors: Fulcher Paul
Published: July 2014

This abstract relates to the following paper: FulcherPaul,
BoardmanRichard,
CollierIan,
GasserHans-Christof,
PriceRod,
ShelleyPaul
and SoftleySarah.
Financial repression: what does it mean for
savers and investors?British
Actuarial Journal, doi: 10.1017/S1357321714000154.
Risk Factors Influencing Smoking Behavior: A Turkish Twin Study
Authors: Öncel Sevgi Yurt , Dick Danielle M. , Maes Hermine H. , Alıev Fazil
Published: July 2014

Aim: In this study, we introduce the first twin study in Turkey, focusing on smoking behavior, and laying the foundation to register all twins born in Turkey for research purposes. Using Turkish twins will contribute to our understanding of health problems in the context of cultural differences. Materials and methods: We assessed 309 twin pairs (339 males and 279 females) aged between 15 and 45 years living in the Kırıkkale and Ankara regions of Turkey, and administered a health and lifestyle interview that included questions about smoking status and smoking history. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and bivariate and multivariate clustered logistic regression. In addition, we fit bivariate Structural Equation Models (SEM) to determine contributions of latent genetic and environmental factors to smoking outcomes in this sample. Results: One hundred seventy-eight participants (28.8%) were identified as smokers, smoking every day for a month or longer, of whom 79.2% were males and 20.8% were females. Mean values for number of cigarettes per day and the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND; Fagerstrom, 1978) score were higher in males than in females, and age of onset was earlier in males. There was a significant positive correlation between the FTND score and number of cigarettes smoked per day, and a significant negative correlation between both variables and age at onset of smoking. Our study showed that gender, presence of a smoking twin in the family, age, alcohol use, marital status, daily sports activities, and feeling moody all played a significant role in smoking behavior among twins. The twin analysis suggested that 79.5% of the liability to FTND was influenced by genetic factors and 20.5% by unique environment, while familial resemblance for smoking initiation was best explained by common environmental factors. Conclusions: Marked differences in the prevalence of smoking behavior in men versus women were observed for the Turkish population. Genetic analyses showed that common environmental factors primarily contributed to smoking initiation, while genetic factors explained a greater proportion of variance in liability to nicotine dependence. Our study shows higher heritability estimate of the FTND scores and higher shared environmental influence on smoking initiation for both males and females than reported in previous studies.
Diastereodivergent organocatalytic asymmetric vinylogous Michael reactions
Authors: Li Xin , Lu Min , Dong Yun , Wu Wenbin , Qian Qingqing , Ye Jinxing , Dixon Darren J
Published: July 2014

One of the major challenges of modern asymmetric catalysis is the ability to selectively control the formation of all diastereoisomers of reaction products possessing multiple stereocenters. Pioneers of such diastereodivergent catalytic asymmetric processes have focused on reactions where the newly formed stereogenic centres are proximal to the active carbonyl group. To date, however, diastereodivergent reactions at remote positions remain an unmet challenge. Herein, we describe a catalyst-controlled diastereodivergence in the formation of remote stereocenters in the direct vinylogous Michael reactions of β, γ-unsaturated butenolides to α, β-unsaturated ketones. The reactions are enabled by two complementary, non-enantiomeric multifunctional catalysts, which mutually activate and organise both reactants, affording either the syn- or anti-adduct with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity. These two catalytic systems are also applicable in the Mukaiyama–Michael reactions and tandem Michael–Michael reactions.
Flowing gas in mass spectrometer: method for characterization and impact on ion processing
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyu , Ouyang Zheng
Published: July 2014

Simulation of ion trajectories with a dynamic gas field.
Sensitive and reliable micro-plate chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for okadaic acid in shellfish
Authors: Lin Chao , Liu Zeng-Shan , Wang Dong-Xu , Ren Hong-Lin , Li Yan-Song , Hu Pan , Zhou Yu , Guo Yi-Ping , Meng Xian-Mei , Lu Shi-Ying
Published: July 2014

A highly sensitive and reliable analytical micro-plate chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay based on a monoclonal antibody against okadaic acid was developed and validated for the detection of okadaic acid from a shellfish matrix.
Sterically hindered malonamide monomers for the step growth synthesis of polyesters and polyamides
Authors: Tyler S. N. G. , Webster R. L.
Published: July 2014

Exploiting the ready cleavage of bulky amides in the presence of a simple nucleophile, a new monomer for step growth polymerisation has been realised. A range of novel polyesters and polyamides have been prepared under mild conditions that allow for efficient recycling and reuse of the amine by-product. The use of a Lewis acid to increase polyester molecular weight is also explored.
Concentration and acid–base controllable fluorescence of a metallosupramolecular polymer
Authors: He Lipeng , Liang Jianjun , Cong Yong , Chen Xin , Bu Weifeng
Published: July 2014

A metallosupramolecular polymer constructed by coordinating Zn2+with a conjugated bis-terpyridine ligand with two dibenzo-24-crown-8 groups demonstrates concentration-dependent and acid–base controllable emissions.
Pd-Catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of ketoimines with alkynes via directed sp3 C–H bond activation
Authors: Xie Ying , Chen Tengfei , Fu Shaomin , Li Xing-Shu , Deng Yuanfu , Jiang Huanfeng , Zeng Wei
Published: July 2014

The palladium-catalyzed oxidative [3+2] cycloaddition of ketoimines with alkynes provided an efficient access to multisubstituted pyrroles via Csp3–H activation.
Chemodosimetric cyanide sensing in a 5,15-porphodimethene Pd(ii) complex
Authors: Holaday M. G. Derry , Tarafdar Gourav , Adinarayana B. , Reddy M. L. P. , Srinivasan A.
Published: July 2014

The calixphyrin derivative, 5,15-porphodimethene Pd(ii) complex, has been demonstrated as a chemodosimetric cyanide sensor.
A highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor for the detection of DNA and cancer cells by a target-triggered multiple signal amplification strategy
Authors: He Peng , Qiao Wenping , Liu Lijun , Zhang Shusheng
Published: July 2014

A SPR bioassay was developed for the detection of DNA and Ramos cells by combining the target-triggered isothermal exponential amplification with MNP-based RCA.
Two-dimensional optical waveguiding and luminescence vapochromic properties of 8-hydroxyquinoline zinc (Znq2) hexagonal microsheets
Authors: Sun Yan-Qiu , Lei Yi-Long , Gao Jing , Sun Xu-Hui , Lin Sheng-Huang , Bao Qiao-Liang , Liao Qing , Lee Shuit-Tong , Liao Liang-Sheng
Published: July 2014

Hexagonal single crystalline Znq2 microsheets exhibit two-dimensional optical waveguiding and luminescence vapochromic properties.
Total syntheses of (±)-musellarins A–C
Authors: Li Zhilong , Leung Tsz-Fai , Tong Rongbiao
Published: July 2014

The first, diastereoselective total syntheses of musellarins A–C were achieved concisely with 7.8–9.8% yields in 15–16 steps, featuring (i) Achmatowicz rearrangement, Kishi reduction, and Friedel–Crafts cyclization to construct the tricyclic framework and (ii) Heck coupling of aryldiazonium salts to introduce the aryl group into the dihydropyran in a 2,6-transfashion.
Room-temperature palladium-catalyzed direct 2-arylation of benzoxazoles with aryl and heteroaryl bromides
Authors: Gao Feng , Kim Byeong-Seon , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: July 2014

The first room-temperature direct 2-arylation of benzoxazoles with aryl bromides by a Pd(OAc)2/NiXantphos-based catalyst is reported.
Encapsulated Cd3P2 quantum dots emitting from the visible to the near infrared for bio-labelling applications
Authors: Ding Liping , He Shulian , Chen Dechao , Huang Mei , Xu Jinzhang , Hickey Stephen G. , Eychmüller Alexander , Yu Shu-Hong , Miao Shiding
Published: July 2014

Quantum dot composites (PS@Cd3P2, SiO2@Cd3P2) were prepared and employed for the first time as fluorescent probes for biological imaging.
Simultaneous phase and size control in the synthesis of Cu2SnS3 and Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals
Authors: Park Youngrong , Jin Ho , Park Joonhyuck , Kim Sungjee
Published: July 2014

Facile and rapid one-pot synthesis of nearly monodisperse Cu2SnS3 and Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals was developed, where their crystalline phase and size were simultaneously controlled by judiciously choosing the sulfur precursor reactivity and the oleic acid content.
Distance-dependent hydrophobic–hydrophobic contacts in protein folding simulations
Authors: Onofrio Angelo , Parisi Giovanni , Punzi Giuseppe , Todisco Simona , Di Noia Maria Antonietta , Bossis Fabrizio , Turi Antonio , De Grassi Anna , Pierri Ciro Leonardo
Published: July 2014

Revealing geometric constraints that drive protein folding is a major challenge in computational biology.
Interfacial reactivity of ruthenium nanoparticles protected by ferrocenecarboxylates
Authors: Chen Limei , Song Yang , Hu Peiguang , Deming Christopher P. , Guo Yan , Chen Shaowei
Published: July 2014

Decarboxylation occurred when ferrocenecarboxylate-protected ruthenium nanoparticles underwent galvanic exchange reactions with Pd(ii) followed by hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C.
Towards understanding the color change of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide during gamma irradiation: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Wang Shuojue , Liu Junzi , Yuan Liyong , Cui Zhenpeng , Peng Jing , Li Jiuqiang , Zhai Maolin , Liu Wenjian
Published: July 2014

The radiation-induced color change of [BMIm][NTf2] originates from the formation of double bonds in cations and various associated species containing [BMIm-H2][NTf2].
Fabrication of silver nanoparticles with limited size distribution on TiO2 containing zeolites
Authors: Mazzocut Andrea , Coutino-Gonzalez Eduardo , Baekelant Wouter , Sels Bert , Hofkens Johan , Vosch Tom
Published: July 2014

Fabrication of silver nanoparticles with limited size distribution on TiO2 containing zeolites.
Structural evolution and solvation of the OH radical in ionized water radical cations (H2O)n+, n = 5–8
Authors: Lu En-Ping , Pan Piin-Ruey , Li Ying-Cheng , Tsai Ming-Kang , Kuo Jer-Lai
Published: July 2014

Structural evolution of ionized water radical cations (H2O)n+, n = 5–8, is studied by ab intio methods.
Structural and morphological modifications of thermally reduced cerium oxide ultrathin epitaxial films on Pt(111)
Authors: Luches P. , Pagliuca F. , Valeri S.
Published: July 2014

Thermal treatments under vacuum and oxygen induce reversible modifications in the stoichiometry, surface morphology and structure of epitaxial CeO2 films.
Graphene quantum dots–three-dimensional graphene composites for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Qing , Hu Yue , Hu Chuangang , Cheng Huhu , Zhang Zhipan , Shao Huibo , Qu Liangti
Published: July 2014

Graphene quantum dots boost the capacitance of the graphene supercapacitor by more than 90% and with an excellent long-term stability.
The origin of high electrolyte–electrode interfacial resistances in lithium cells containing garnet type solid electrolytes
Authors: Cheng Lei , Crumlin Ethan J. , Chen Wei , Qiao Ruimin , Hou Huaming , Franz Lux Simon , Zorba Vassilia , Russo Richard , Kostecki Robert , Liu Zhi , Persson Kristin , Yang Wanli , Cabana Jordi , Richardson Thomas , Chen Guoying , Doeff Marca
Published: July 2014

High interfacial resistance in Li7La3Zr2O12(LLZO)/Li cells is correlated with the presence of Li2CO3on LLZO surfaces.
Dinuclear Cu(ii) complexes based on two flexible Schiff-base ligands and one unusual in situ formed diphenolate 2,6-piperidin-4-one derivative
Authors: Dai Yuan , Wang Yin-Ge , Geng Jiao , Peng Yu-Xin , Huang Wei
Published: July 2014

A dinuclear Cu(ii) complex 3, having an unprecedented in situ formed 2,6-piperidin-4-one-based ligand produced from a flexible Schiff-base ligand HL1, can be yielded as a side product in Cu(OAc)2·H2O–NH3·H2O dissolved in methanol–acetone besides the expected dinuclear Cu(ii) complex 1.
Electronic structures and selective fluoride sensing features of Os(bpy)2(HL2−) and [{Os(bpy)2}2(μ-HL2−)]2+(H3L: 5-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid)
Authors: Das Ankita , Agarwala Hemlata , Kundu Tanaya , Ghosh Prabir , Mondal Sudipta , Mobin Shaikh M. , Lahiri Goutam Kumar
Published: July 2014

The non-innocence of coordinated HL2−in [(bpy)2Os(HL2−)]n(1n) and (2n) and their selectivity towards F−recognition were evaluated.
Nickelalactones with an allyl subunit – the effect of penta-coordination on structures and stability
Authors: Freund Robert R. A. , Görls Helmar , Langer Jens
Published: July 2014

Nickelalactone derivatives with an allyl subunit containing different mono- and bidentate ligands were synthesized and characterized. The introduced neutral ligands strongly affect the structures of these versatile molecules and can be used to modulate their stabilities.
Full ceramic micro solid oxide fuel cells: towards more reliable MEMS power generators operating at high temperatures
Authors: Garbayo I. , Pla D. , Morata A. , Fonseca L. , Sabaté N. , Tarancón A.
Published: July 2014

A full ceramic μSOFC integrated in silicon is presented here for the first time, able to operate up to 750 °C.
Multielement analysis of human seminal plasma by octopole reaction cell ICP-MS
Authors: Živković Tanja , Tariba Blanka , Pizent Alica
Published: July 2014

The method of simple dilution of seminal plasma allowed sufficiently sensitive and reproducible simultaneous measurement of 20 elements in seminal plasma by ICP-MS.
Topological insulator states in a honeycomb lattice of s-triazines
Authors: Wang Aizhu , Zhang Xiaoming , Zhao Mingwen
Published: July 2014

The already-synthesized honeycomb lattice of s-triazines with a chemical formula C6N6 has topologically nontrivial electronic states characterized by px,y-orbital band structures with a topological invariant of Z2 = 1.
Nitrogen-enriched, double-shelled carbon/layered double hydroxide hollow microspheres for excellent electrochemical performance
Authors: Xu Jie , He Fei , Gai Shili , Zhang Shenghuan , Li Lei , Yang Piaoping
Published: July 2014

A double-shelled hollow composite with outstanding electrochemical behaviour, employing nitrogen-enriched carbon hollow sphere as an interior shell and Ni/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets as an exterior shell was prepared by a facile and versatile strategy.
An enhanced photocatalytic response of nanometric TiO2 wrapping of Au nanoparticles for eco-friendly water applications
Authors: Scuderi Viviana , Impellizzeri Giuliana , Romano Lucia , Scuderi Mario , Brundo Maria V. , Bergum Kristin , Zimbone Massimo , Sanz Ruy , Buccheri Maria A. , Simone Francesca , Nicotra Giuseppe , Svensson Bengt G. , Grimaldi Maria G. , Privitera Vittorio
Published: July 2014

TiO2 wrapping of Au nanoparticles has a remarkable efficiency in degrading organic compounds without toxicity.
Multifunctional quantum dot–polypeptide hybrid nanogel for targeted imaging and drug delivery
Authors: Yang Jie , Yao Ming-Hao , Wen Lang , Song Ji-Tao , Zhang Ming-Zhen , Zhao Yuan-Di , Liu Bo
Published: July 2014

A new class of multifunctional quantum dot (QD)–polypeptide hybrid nanogel with targeted imaging and drug delivery properties is reported as a nanocarrier for use in cancer diagnosis, imaging, and therapy.
Silver confined within zeolite EMT nanoparticles: preparation and antibacterial properties
Authors: Dong B. , Belkhair S. , Zaarour M. , Fisher L. , Verran J. , Tosheva L. , Retoux R. , Gilson J.-P. , Mintova S.
Published: July 2014

The confinement of silver ions and nanoparticles within ultrasmall EMT zeolite (Ag+-EMT and Ag0-EMT samples) and qualitative comparison of their antibacterial properties are reported.
Ethylenediamine-mediated synthesis of Mn3O4nano-octahedrons and their performance as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Guo Chun Xian , Chen Shucheng , Lu Xianmao
Published: July 2014

Mn3O4octahedrons with well-defined facets exhibit enhanced catalytic activity and sensing characteristics, and have attracted considerable attention in recent years.
The effect of LNA nucleobases as enhancers for the binding of amiloride to an abasic site in DNA/DNA and DNA/RNA duplexes
Authors: Sato Yusuke , Sato Tetsushi , Sato Takaya , Nishizawa Seiichi , Teramae Norio
Published: July 2014

We report on a significant effect of locked nucleic acid (LNA) nucleobases on the binding of amiloride for abasic site (AP)-containing DNA duplexes.
New bio-renewable polyester with rich side amino groups from l-lysine via controlled ring-opening polymerization
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Lai Haiwang , Xiao Chunsheng , Tian Huayu , Chen Xuesi , Tao Youhua , Wang Xianhong
Published: July 2014

Lysine, a renewable resource from biomass fermentation, was converted to pure O-carboxyanhydride monomer, then well-defined polyester with amino groups was prepared via controlled ring-opening polymerization.
A facile route to synthesize casein capped copper nanoparticles: an effective antibacterial agent and selective colorimetric sensor for mercury and tryptophan
Authors: Chakrapani Vasudevavendan , Ayaz Ahmed Khan Behlol , Kumar V. Vinod , Ganapathy Veerappan , Anthony Savarimuthu Philip , Anbazhagan Veerappan
Published: July 2014

A simple method was developed for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) with relatively high concentration by using casein as a capping agent.
Preparation and absorption behavior to organic pollutants of macroporous hydrophobic polyvinyl alcohol–formaldehyde sponges
Authors: Pan Yanxiong , Peng Chao , Wang Weicai , Shi Kai , Liu Zhi , Ji Xiangling
Published: July 2014

A series of macroporous hydrophobic polyvinyl alcohol–formaldehyde sponges (PVF–Gn–Hms) are preparedviathe reactions of hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol–formaldehyde (PVF) sponges with glutaraldehyde (GA) and fatty acyl chloride. Both ATR-IR and solid-state CP/MAS.
Impact of bonding at multi-layer graphene/metal Interfaces on thermal boundary conductance
Authors: Chen Liang , Huang Zhen , Kumar Satish
Published: July 2014

Dominant thermal resistances across metal/multi-layer-graphene/metal structures are found at graphene/graphene and graphene/metal interfaces for weak and strong metal/graphene bonding, respectively.
Phase morphology map in LCST-type polymer blends with dynamical asymmetry under different quench depths
Authors: Xia Tian , Huang Yajiang , Jiang Xiaolian , Li Youbing , Wang Xuanlun , Li Guangxian
Published: July 2014

A brittle-to-ductile transition in the phase morphology is found in dynamically asymmetric PS/PVME blend with increasing quench depth.
FRET based ‘red-switch’ for Al3+ over ESIPT based ‘green-switch’ for Zn2+: dual channel detection with live-cell imaging on a dyad platform
Authors: Goswami Shyamaprosad , Manna Abhishek , Paul Sima , Maity Anup Kumar , Saha Partha , Quah Ching Kheng , Fun Hoong-Kun
Published: July 2014

Our designed chemosensor, rhodamine-HBT-dyad (RHD), selectively detects two biologically important ions (Al3+ and Zn2+) at two different wavelengths (red and green, respectively) through FRET and ESIPT in vitro and in vivo.
One step preparation of porous polyurea by reaction of toluene diisocyanate with water and its characterization
Authors: Han Hui , Li Shusheng , Zhu Xiaoli , Jiang Xubao , Kong Xiang Zheng
Published: July 2014

Porous polyurea is synthesized by reacting toluene diisocyanate with water in a water–acetone binary solvent. Materials characterization led to the likely conformations of the polymer chains owing to presence of intensive H-bonding.
Green remediation of textile dyes containing wastewater by Ipomoea hederifolia L.
Authors: Rane Niraj R. , Chandanshive Vishal V. , Khandare Rahul V. , Gholave Avinash R. , Yadav Shrirang R. , Govindwar Sanjay P.
Published: July 2014

Ipomoea hederifoliafrom a dye disposal site was found to accumulate and simultaneously degrade toxic textile dyes.
Selenium substitution endows cystine with radiosensitization activity against cervical cancer cells
Authors: Xie Qiang , He Lizhen , Lai Haoqiang , Zheng Wenjie , Chen Tianfeng
Published: July 2014

Selenium substitution could endow cystine the radiosensitization activity against cervical cancer HeLa cells through overproduction of ROS and activation of downstream signaling, which suggests this could be a novel strategy for design of cancer radiosensitizers.
Conceptual integration of covalent bond models by Algerian students
Authors: Salah Hazzi , Dumon Alain
Published: July 2014

The concept of covalent bonding is characterized by an interconnected knowledge framework based on Lewis and quantum models of atoms and molecules. Several research studies have shown that students at all levels of chemistry learning find the quantum model to be one of the most difficult subjects to understand. We have tried in this paper to analyze the extent to which Algerian students, at the end of their training, have integrated the covalent bonding theories based on the quantum model of atom theory and are able to interpret Lewis structures using the quantum model. The analysis of the responses to a written questionnaire showed that this integration was not achieved by our students and that they are not able to correctly describe covalent bonds in a Lewis structure using the concepts of the quantum model. They have a “quantum box” conception of atomic or hybrid orbitals. This conception acts as a “pedagogical learning impediment” to the integration of the geometrical representations of atomic and hybrid orbitals, the conditions of their overlapping to give bonds and consequently the description of covalent bonds using the quantum model. So, the students use an alternative conceptual framework based on the use of Lewis model paired valence electrons to form covalent bonds that we have named the: “electrons pair framework”. Furthermore, the students restricted the denomination of a covalent bond to the sharing of one electron (either s or p but not spn) from each atom to give one “electron pair σ”, and thought that σ bonds are only formed in single bonds.
Microphase formation at a 2D solid–gas phase transition
Authors: Schuman Adam W. , Bsaibes Thomas S. , Schlossman Mark L.
Published: July 2014

BAM images reveal a sequence of modulated microphases in cluster, stripe, and mosaic morphologies at the liquid–liquid interface.
Organic linker geometry controlled synthesis of coordination polymer spheres and their thermal transformation to yolk–shell metal oxides
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Feng , Ma Jiping , Xu Jie
Published: July 2014

Unitary and multinary metal–carboxylic acid coordination polymers (CP) were prepared by utilization of the geometric angle of carboxylic groups in organic linkers. Further calcination of these CP would generate unitary and multinary metal oxides with the yolk–shell structure.
Electrocatalysis of the hydrogen-evolution reaction by electrodeposited amorphous cobalt selenide films
Authors: Carim Azhar I. , Saadi Fadl H. , Soriaga Manuel P. , Lewis Nathan S.
Published: July 2014

CoSe films, electrochemically prepared under ambient conditions, demonstrated significant, stable electrocatalysis of the hydrogen-evolution reaction in 0.500 M H2SO4; an overpotential of only 135 mV drove −10 mA cm−2.
Synthesis and characterization of a biocompatible monotyrosine-based polymer and its interaction with DNA
Authors: Mehta Radhika , Kumari Rina , Das Prolay , Bhowmick Anil K.
Published: July 2014

A monotyrosine based copolymer was synthesized, characterized and studied for its interaction with DNA for potential biological applications.
Subchronic cyanide toxicity on male reproductive system of albino rat
Authors: Shivanoor Shiddappa M. , David Muniswamy
Published: July 2014

Sexually mature albino rats were orally treated with sodium cyanide, NaCN (0, 0.64, 1.2 and 3.2 mg kg−1BW) for 90 days.
TALEN-mediated genome editing: prospects and perspectives
Authors: Wright David A. , Li Ting , Yang Bing , Spalding Martin H.
Published: July 2014

Genome editing is the practice of making predetermined and precise changes to a genome by controlling the location of DNA DSBs (double-strand breaks) and manipulating the cell's repair mechanisms. This technology results from harnessing natural processes that have taken decades and multiple lines of inquiry to understand. Through many false starts and iterative technology advances, the goal of genome editing is just now falling under the control of human hands as a routine and broadly applicable method. The present review attempts to define the technique and capture the discovery process while following its evolution from meganucleases and zinc finger nucleases to the current state of the art: TALEN (transcription-activator-like effector nuclease) technology. We also discuss factors that influence success, technical challenges and future prospects of this quickly evolving area of study and application.
FGF21 expression and release in muscle cells: involvement of MyoD and regulation by mitochondria-driven signalling
Authors: Ribas Francesc , Villarroya Joan , Hondares Elayne , Giralt Marta , Villarroya Francesc
Published: July 2014

Although the liver is generally considered the main site of production of FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor-21), high FGF21 levels have been found to be associated with neuromuscular mitochondrial genetic diseases, and there are indications that the muscle may be a relevant site of FGF21 production under conditions of muscular mitochondrial stress. In the present study, we found that expression and release of FGF21 was associated with myogenic differentiation, and we identified MyoD as a major controller of FGF21 gene transcription. Mimicking mitochondrial dysfunction using respiratory chain/oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors resulted in enhanced expression and release of FGF21 by muscle cells. The increased production of reactive oxygen species, subsequent induction of p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and activation of an ATF2 (activating transcription factor 2)-binding site at the proximal promoter region of the FGF21 gene was found to be a major mechanism linking mitochondrial dysfunction with enhanced FGF21 gene transcription in myogenic cells. The myogenic factor MyoD was required for the induction of FGF21 gene transcription by mitochondrial dysfunction, thus explaining the preferential response of muscle cells to mitochondrial dysfunction-induced FGF21 expression and secretion. FGF21 release by muscle cells in response to mitochondrial alterations may represent a physiological mechanism by which the sensing of internal energetic status by muscles results in the release of FGF21 to favour systemic metabolic adaptations.
The specificity of Av3 sea anemone toxin for arthropods is determined at linker DI/SS2–S6 in the pore module of target sodium channels
Authors: Gur Barzilai Maya , Kahn Roy , Regev Noa , Gordon Dalia , Moran Yehu , Gurevitz Michael
Published: July 2014

Av3 is a peptide neurotoxin from the sea anemone Anemonia viridis that shows specificity for arthropod voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs). Interestingly, Av3 competes with a scorpion α-toxin on binding to insect Navs and similarly inhibits the inactivation process, and thus has been classified as ‘receptor site-3 toxin’, although the two peptides are structurally unrelated. This raises questions as to commonalities and differences in the way both toxins interact with Navs. Recently, site-3 was partly resolved for scorpion α-toxins highlighting S1–S2 and S3–S4 external linkers at the DIV voltage-sensor module and the juxtaposed external linkers at the DI pore module. To uncover channel determinants involved in Av3 specificity for arthropods, the toxin was examined on channel chimaeras constructed with the external linkers of the mammalian brain Nav1.2a, which is insensitive to Av3, in the background of the Drosophila DmNav1. This approach highlighted the role of linker DI/SS2–S6, adjacent to the channel pore, in determining Av3 specificity. Point mutagenesis at DI/SS2–S6 accompanied by functional assays highlighted Trp404 and His405 as a putative point of Av3 interaction with DmNav1. His405 conservation in arthropod Navs compared with tyrosine in vertebrate Navs may represent an ancient substitution that explains the contemporary selectivity of Av3. Trp404 and His405 localization near the membrane surface and the hydrophobic bioactive surface of Av3 suggest that the toxin possibly binds at a cleft by DI/S6. A partial overlap in receptor site-3 of both toxins nearby DI/S6 may explain their binding competition capabilities.
Adaptive beam scheduling for scalable video multicast in wireless networks
Authors: Park H. , Singh K.D. , Piamrat K. , Bonnin J.‐M. , Viho C.
Published: July 2014

The design of an efficient multicast for a scalable video coding (SVC) streaming combined with directional beamforming is a challenging issue. A quality of experience (QoE)‐aware directional beam scheduling (QBS) scheme is proposed which optimises overall QoE for a multirate multicast of SVC, with beamforming in wireless networks. Different SVC layers to different beams and rate modulations are optimally scheduled. A mixed integer linear programming formulation of the problem is provided and a heuristic algorithm is proposed. Results show that QBS can increase the overall QoE and can satisfy the minimum expected QoE for all users.
Electronically tunable reflectarray element based on C‐patch coupled to delay line
Authors: Nguyen Binh Duong , Pham Kien Trung , Tran Van‐Su , Mai Linh , Yonemoto Naruto , Kohmura Akiko , Futatsumori Shunichi
Published: July 2014

A reflectarray element with switchable phase shift for an electronically beam scanning reflectarray operating in the X‐band is presented. The element consists of multilayer printed circuits with a C‐patch coupled to a delay line through a ring slot. The phase shift is obtained by adjusting the length of the delay line. The element integrated with a pin diode to control the phase is assembled and measured in the X‐band. The experimental validations show a wide range of reflection phase with a quasi‐linear phase curve as well as a promising capability of changing the reflected phase between the ON and OFF states of the PIN diode.
Sensing nodes selection and data fusion in cooperative spectrum sensing
Authors: Zhou Yiming , Zhou Zheng , Li Bin
Published: July 2014

Cooperative spectrum sensing can overcome hidden terminal and shadowed fading, a novel strategy of improving the effectiveness of cooperative sensing, which is inspired by cross‐correlation matrix (CCM) estimation and a linear weighted algorithm, is presented in this study. Namely, the values of channels gain ratio and signal‐to‐noise ratio are estimated by means of the CCM which is composed of the sampled signals and, therefore, the selection of sensing nodes is achieved by linearly weighting the spectrum sensing data. The subsequent data fusion strategy includes two modes, that is, the full fusion mode in which all sensing nodes data are linearly weighted, and the partial fusion mode where only part of sensing nodes data are linearly weighted. A major advantage of this scheme is that these two modes are realised by only exploiting the sampled signals of sensing nodes without any prior knowledge of primary user. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed CCM estimation and the data fusion strategy.
Static output‐feedback controller design for vehicle suspensions: an effective two‐step computational approach
Authors: Rubió‐Massegú Josep , Palacios‐Quiñonero Francisco , Rossell Josep M. , Karimi Hamid Reza
Published: July 2014

In this study, a novel two‐step methodology is applied in designing static output‐feedback controllers for a class of vehicle suspension systems. Following this approach, an effective synthesis of static output‐feedback controllers can be carried out by solving two consecutive linear matrix inequality optimisation problems. To illustrate the main features of the proposed design strategy, two different static output‐feedback H∞ controllers are designed for a quarter‐car suspension system. The first of those controllers uses the suspension deflection and the sprung mass velocity as feedback information, whereas the second one only requires the sprung mass velocity to compute the control actions. Numerical simulations indicate that, despite the restricted feedback information, the proposed static output‐feedback H∞ controllers exhibit a good behaviour in terms of both frequency and time responses, when compared with the corresponding state‐feedback H∞ controller.
Paralleled multi‐terminal DC transmission line fault locating method based on travelling wave
Authors: Cheng Jingzhou , Guan Minyuan , Tang Lv , Huang Hongyang , Chen Xin , Xie Jiajia
Published: July 2014

This study presents a novel protection criterion of fault locating in multi‐terminal DC (MTDC) transmission systems. When a fault occurs on the DC transmission line of the MTDC system, the traditional protection cannot locate the fault because there is no smoothing reactor (equipped at the converter output) in the transmission lines. In the circumstance of AC/DC conductor contact (ADCC) fault, the varieties of the transient voltage and current components are given based on the symmetrical fault analysis. According to the Bergeron equation, the travelling wave characteristic is analysed. A new criterion of fault locating using the change rate of the current travelling wave is presented which can reduce the impacts of the related fault on the AC system. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed protection criterion.