bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning-Based Enhanced Presentation Attack Detection for Iris Recognition by Combining Features from Local and Global Regions Based on NIR Camera Sensor
Authors: Nguyen Dat Tien , Pham Tuyen Danh , Lee Young Won , Park Kang Ryoung
Published: August 2018

Iris recognition systems have been used in high-security-level applications because of their high recognition rate and the distinctiveness of iris patterns. However, as reported by recent studies, an iris recognition system can be fooled by the use of artificial iris patterns and lead to a reduction in its security level. The accuracies of previous presentation attack detection research are limited because they used only features extracted from global iris region image. To overcome this problem, we propose a new presentation attack detection method for iris recognition by combining features extracted from both local and global iris regions, using convolutional neural networks and support vector machines based on a near-infrared (NIR) light camera sensor. The detection results using each kind of image features are fused, based on two fusion methods of feature level and score level to enhance the detection ability of each kind of image features. Through extensive experiments using two popular public datasets (LivDet-Iris-2017 Warsaw and Notre Dame Contact Lens Detection 2015) and their fusion, we validate the efficiency of our proposed method by providing smaller detection errors than those produced by previous studies.
A “Turn-On” Fluorescence Copper Biosensor Based on DNA Cleavage-Dependent Graphene Oxide-dsDNA-CdTe Quantum Dots Complex
Authors: Ding Liyun , Xu Bing , Li Tao , Huang Jun , Bai Wei
Published: August 2018

A novel “turn-on” fluorescent copper biosensor is developed successfully based on the graphene oxide (GO)-dsDNA-CdTe quantum dots (QDs) complex via chemical crosslink method. The optical and structure properties of GO-dsDNA-CdTe QDs complex are studied by fluorescence (FL) spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in detail. It is demonstrated that the fluorescence quenching of CdTe QDs is a process of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) due to the essential surface and quenching properties of two-dimensional GO. Copper ions induce the catalytic reaction of DNA chain and irreversibly break at the cleavage site, which will cause the G-quadruplex formation, moreover further result in the CdTe QDs separated from GO and restored its fluorescence. Therefore, a significant recovery effect on the fluorescence of the GO-dsDNA-CdTe QDs complex is observed in the presence of copper ions. The fluorescence responses are concentration-dependent and can be well described by a linear equation. Compared with other metal ions, the sensor performs good selectivity for copper ions.
Fabrication of a Urea Biosensor for Real-Time Dynamic Fluid Measurement
Authors: Kim Kyunghee , Lee Jeongeun , Moon Bo Mi , Seo Ye Been , Park Chan Hum , Park Min , Sung Gun Yong
Published: August 2018

In this study, a portable urea sensor that monitors the urea concentration in flow conditions was fabricated. We propose an electrochemical sensor that continually measures the urea concentration of samples flowing through it at a constant flow rate in real time. For the electrochemical sensing, a porous silk fibroin membrane with immobilized urease was mounted in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sensor housing. The fabricated urea sensor elicited linear current–concentration characteristics in the clinically significant concentration range (0.1–20 mM) based on peritoneal dialysis. The sensor maintained the linear current–concentration characteristics during operation in flow conditions.
Decentralized Online Simultaneous Localization and Mapping for Multi-Agent Systems
Authors: Jiménez Andrés C. , García-Díaz Vicente , González-Crespo Rubén , Bolaños Sandro
Published: August 2018

Planning tasks performed by a robotic agent require previous access to a map of the environment and the position where the agent is located. This creates a problem when the agent is placed in a new environment. To solve it, the RA must execute the task known as Simultaneous Location and Mapping (SLAM) which locates the agent in the new environment while generating the map at the same time, geometrically or topologically. One of the big problems in SLAM is the amount of memory required for the RA to store the details of the environment map. In addition, environment data capture needs a robust processing unit to handle data representation, which in turn is reflected in a bigger RA unit with higher energy use and production costs. This article presents a design for a system capable of a decentralized implementation of SLAM that is based on the use of a system comprised of wireless agents capable of storing and distributing the map as it is being generated by the RA. The proposed system was validated in an environment with a surface area of 25 m 2 , in which it was capable of generating the topological map online, and without relying on external units connected to the system.
Application of Electronic-Nose Technologies and VOC-Biomarkers for the Noninvasive Early Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases
Authors: Wilson Alphus
Published: August 2018

Conventional methods utilized for clinical diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have employed invasive medical procedures that cause stress, anxiety and pain to patients. These methods are often expensive, time-consuming, and require sophisticated chemical-analysis instruments and advanced modeling procedures to achieve diagnostic interpretations. This paper reviews recent applications of simpler, electronic-nose (e-nose) devices for the noninvasive early diagnosis of a wide range of GI diseases by collective analysis of headspace volatile organic compound (VOC)-metabolites from clinical samples to produce disease-specific aroma signatures (VOC profiles). A different “metabolomics” approach to GI disease diagnostics, involving identifications and quantifications of disease VOC-metabolites, are compared to the electronic-nose approach based on diagnostic costs, accuracy, advantages and disadvantages. The importance of changes in gut microbiome composition that result from disease are discussed relative to effects on disease detection. A new diagnostic approach, which combines the use of e-nose instruments for early rapid prophylactic disease-screenings with targeted identification of known disease biomarkers, is proposed to yield cheaper, quicker and more dependable diagnostic results. Some priority future research needs and coordination for bringing e-nose instruments into routine clinical practice are summarized.
Ultrasound Sensors for Diaphragm Motion Tracking: An Application in Non-Invasive Respiratory Monitoring
Authors: Shahshahani Amirhossein , Laverdiere Carl , Bhadra Sharmistha , Zilic Zeljko
Published: August 2018

This paper introduces a novel respiratory detection system based on diaphragm wall motion tracking using an embedded ultrasound sensory system. We assess the utility and accuracy of this method in evaluating the function of the diaphragm and its contribution to respiratory workload. The developed system is able to monitor the diaphragm wall activity when the sensor is placed in the zone of apposition (ZOA). This system allows for direct measurements with only one ultrasound PZT5 piezo transducer. The system generates pulsed ultrasound waves at 2.2 MHz and amplifies reflected echoes. An added benefit of this system is that due to its design, the respiratory signal is less subject to motion artefacts. Promising results were obtained from six subjects performing six tests per subject with an average respiration detection sensitivity and specificity of 84% and 93%, respectively. Measurements were compared to a gold standard commercial spirometer. In this study, we also compared our measurements to other conventional methods such as inertial and photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors.
“Oh This Learning, What a Thing It Is!”—Putting Sustainability First in Teaching Techniques and in Content
Authors: Gusc Joanna , Heijes Coen
Published: August 2018

Although sustainability has become a strategic topic at many universities, working towards a learning approach in which sustainability is the fundament underlying and permeating the entire course is hardly straightforward. This paper is a case study on the development, the teaching, and the evaluation of one specific course that aims to achieve this. Based on (participant) observation, documents, and discussion with students and other stakeholders, we describe and analyze the results of the transformation of the course ‘advanced management accounting techniques’ for Masters students at the University of Groningen, in the academic year 2017–2018. We show how the course was transformed in a way to increase both a general, a business, and an accounting awareness of the importance of sustainability, while also applying a new teaching approach, namely lemniscate learning, to support this. Our course was the first in the faculty to make this transformation, and although the majority of the students were enthusiastic, the faculty staff was cautiously positive. In presenting our findings, we aim at supporting educators and other stakeholders at universities, by supplying a case study on the transformation of our course, and by scrutinizing the problems that we encountered, the feedback, both positive and negative, that we received, and the challenges that still face us, both on a course and a university level. Thus, we hope to be a source of inspiration and advice for others and to further advance our understanding of the dilemmas, practicalities, and challenges in working towards sustainability in teaching.
Oxidative Stress in Methylmercury-Induced Cell Toxicity
Authors: Antunes dos Santos Alessandra , Ferrer Beatriz , Marques Gonçalves Filipe , Tsatsakis Aristides M. , Renieri Elisavet A. , Skalny Anatoly V. , Farina Marcelo , Rocha João B. T. , Aschner Michael
Published: August 2018

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a hazardous environmental pollutant, which elicits significant toxicity in humans. The accumulation of MeHg through the daily consumption of large predatory fish poses potential health risks, and the central nervous system (CNS) is the primary target of toxicity. Despite well-described neurobehavioral effects (i.e., motor impairment), the mechanisms of MeHg-induced toxicity are not completely understood. However, several lines of evidence point out the oxidative stress as an important molecular mechanism in MeHg-induced intoxication. Indeed, MeHg is a soft electrophile that preferentially interacts with nucleophilic groups (mainly thiols and selenols) from proteins and low-molecular-weight molecules. Such interaction contributes to the occurrence of oxidative stress, which can produce damage by several interacting mechanisms, impairing the function of various molecules (i.e., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids), potentially resulting in modulation of different cellular signal transduction pathways. This review summarizes the general aspects regarding the interaction between MeHg with regulators of the antioxidant response system that are rich in thiol and selenol groups such as glutathione (GSH), and the selenoenzymes thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx). A particular attention is directed towards the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and the nuclear transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in MeHg-induced redox imbalance.
TO DETERMINATION OF THE HEIGHTS ON GEODYNAMIC AND TECHNOGENIC POLYGONS
Authors: Perovych Lev , Perovych Ihor , Perovych Lesia , Ludchak Oksana
Published: August 2018

When performing high-precision geometric leveling on geodynamic and technogenic polygons, the problem of selecting a system of heights and obtaining reliable data arises, taking into account, first of all, the heterogeneity of the gravitational field along the lines of leveling. The research and development of a methodological approach to solve the above issues is the purpose of this publication. For the research process, the method of mathematical processing of a wide spectrum of geodetic and gravimetric measurements, differential and mathematical analysis, methods of conducting high-precision leveling and gravimetric works are used. During the process of field geodetic and gravimetric measurements, the values of gravitational acceleration in the mountain, foothill and plain areas were obtained, which made possible, on the basis of the mathematical dependences deduced by the author, to find corrections in the measured excesses for the non-parallelism of the level surfaces. On the basis of unique experimental level-gravimetric observations and their corresponding mathematical elaboration, numerical characteristics of gravitational acceleration for various forms of relief have been obtained. In the final case, the obtained analytic dependencies give an opportunity to take into account the influence of the non-parallelism of the level surfaces in the measured excesses or the heights of high-precision geometric leveling, without taking into account the gravitational field of the normal Earth. The proposed methodological approach to the determination of heights by high-precision geometric leveling on geodynamic and technogenic polygons may take into account the influence of the non-parallelism of the level surfaces according to the derived formulas and should be effectively used at present.
MODERNIZATION OF THE ESTONIAN NATIONAL GNSS REFERENCE STATION NETWORK
Authors: Metsar Jaanus , Kollo Karin , Ellmann Artu
Published: August 2018

The first GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Station) in Estonia became operational in 1996. Starting from 2008 four Estonian CORS are incorporated into the EPN (EUREF Permanent GNSS Network). During the years 2014-2015 modernization of the GNSS CORS in Estonia was carried out. Currently the total number of the resulting ESTPOS reference stations is 28. These ESTPOS stations were interconnected to the I order national geodetic network by a special GNSS campaign in 2017. The maintenance and compilation of the ESTPOS based research products is explained. Aspects of the ESTPOS usage, including also the real time surveys, are discussed. Comparisons with SWEPOS (Swedish national GNSS CORS) and FinnRef (Finnish national GNSS CORS) networks indicate possibilities for further ESTPOS developments.
Dynamics and Formation of the Near-resonant K2-24 System: Insights from Transit-timing Variations and Radial Velocities
Authors: Petigura Erik A. , Benneke Björn , Batygin Konstantin , Fulton Benjamin J. , Werner Michael , Krick Jessica E. , Gorjian Varoujan , Sinukoff Evan , Deck Katherine M. , Mills Sean M. , Deming Drake
Published: August 2018

While planets between the size of Uranus and Saturn are absent within the solar system, the star K2-24 hosts two such planets, K2-24b and c, with radii equal to  5.4

and  7.5

, respectively. The two planets have orbital periods of 20.9 days and 42.4 days, residing only 1% outside the nominal 2:1 mean-motion resonance. In this work, we present results from a coordinated observing campaign to measure planet masses and eccentricities that combines radial velocity measurements from Keck/HIRES and transit-timing measurements from K2 and Spitzer. K2-24b and c have low, but nonzero, eccentricities of

. The low observed eccentricities provide clues to the formation and dynamical evolution of K2-24b and K2-24c, suggesting that they could be the result of stochastic gravitational interactions with a turbulent protoplanetary disk, among other mechanisms. K2-24b and c are

and

, respectively; K2-24c is 20% less massive than K2-24b, despite being 40% larger. Their large sizes and low masses imply large envelope fractions, which we estimate at

% and

%. In particular, K2-24c’s large envelope presents an intriguing challenge to the standard model of core-nucleated accretion that predicts the onset of runaway accretion when

 ≈ 50%.
Magnetic Activity and Period Variation Studies of the Short-period Eclipsing Binaries. III. V1175 Her, NSVS 2669503, and 1SWASP J133417.80+394314.4
Authors: Lu Hong-peng , Michel Raul , Zhang Li-yun , Castro Angel
Published: August 2018

New multi-band CCD light curves of three binaries W UMa-type V1175 Her, NSVS 2669503, and 1SWASP J133417.80+394314.4 are presented. Spectroscopic data for V1175 Her and NSVS 2669503 show that their spectral types are G7V and K4V, respectively. Photometric solutions of these three objects were obtained with the help of the Wilson–Devinney program. We find that V1175 Her is a semi-detached binary star with a hot spot located on the secondary component, while NSVS 2669503 and 1SWASP J133417.80+394314.4 are contact eclipsing binaries with contact factors of f = 1.070 ± 0.002% and f = 21.250 ± 0.005%, respectively. Moreover, we found that the orbital period of V1175 Her is increasing at a rate of (+3.1 ± 0.1) × 10−7 days yr−1. This increase may be attributed to a

mass-transfer rate from the primary to the secondary component. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary stage of the component stars of these three systems.
Bridging Star-forming Galaxy and AGN Ultraviolet Luminosity Functions at z = 4 with the SHELA Wide-field Survey
Authors: Stevans Matthew L. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Wold Isak , Kawinwanichakij Lalitwadee , Papovich Casey , Sherman Sydney , Ciardullo Robin , Florez Jonathan , Gronwall Caryl , Jogee Shardha , Somerville Rachel S. , Yung L. Y. Aaron
Published: August 2018

We present a joint analysis of the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) luminosity functions of continuum-selected star-forming galaxies and galaxies dominated by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z ∼ 4. These 3740 z ∼ 4 galaxies are selected from broadband imaging in nine photometric bands over 18 deg2 in the Spitzer/HETDEX Exploratory Large Area Survey field. The large area and moderate depth of our survey provide a unique view of the intersection between the bright end of the galaxy UV luminosity function (M
AB < −22) and the faint end of the AGN UV luminosity function. We do not separate AGN-dominated galaxies from star-formation-dominated galaxies, but rather fit both luminosity functions simultaneously. These functions are best fit with a double power law for both the galaxy and AGN components, where the galaxy bright-end slope has a power-law index of −3.80 ± 0.10 and the corresponding AGN faint-end slope is

. We cannot rule out a Schechter-like exponential decline for the galaxy UV luminosity function, and in this scenario the AGN luminosity function has a steeper faint-end slope of

. Comparison of our galaxy luminosity function results with a representative cosmological model of galaxy formation suggests that the molecular gas depletion time must be shorter, implying that star formation is more efficient in bright galaxies at z = 4 than at the present day. If the galaxy luminosity function does indeed have a power-law shape at the bright end, the implied ionizing emissivity from AGNs is not inconsistent with previous observations. However, if the underlying galaxy distribution is Schechter, it implies a significantly higher ionizing emissivity from AGNs at this epoch.
An Evaluation of 10 Lensing Models of the Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403
Authors: González J. D. Remolina , Sharon K. , Mahler G.
Published: August 2018

Galaxy clusters can act as gravitational lenses and magnify the universe behind them, allowing us to see deep into the early universe. The Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields program uses six galaxy clusters imaged by Hubble to discover and study galaxies at z ∼ 5–10. Seven independent teams developed lens models and derived magnifications for each galaxy cluster, based on positional and redshift constraints from the best available data at the time. In this work we evaluate 10 models for MACS J0416.1-2403 that were made public in 2015 by contrasting them with new spectroscopic redshifts that were measured in 2016. We developed an independent comparison method that uses the source plane root-mean-square as a metric of lensing model performance. Our analysis quantifies the ability of models to predict unknown multiple images. We examine the source plane scatter of multiply imaged systems and explore the dependence of the scatter on the location and the redshift of the background sources. The analysis we present evaluates the performance of the different algorithms in the specific case of the MACS J0416.1-2403 models.
Numerical Simulations of the Jet Dynamics and Synchrotron Radiation of Binary Neutron Star Merger Event GW170817/GRB 170817A
Authors: Xie Xiaoyi , Zrake Jonathan , MacFadyen Andrew
Published: August 2018

We present numerical simulations of energetic flows propagating through the debris cloud of a binary neutron star (BNS) merger. Starting from the scale of the central engine, we use a moving-mesh hydrodynamics code to simulate the complete dynamical evolution of the relativistic jets produced. We compute synchrotron emission directly from the simulations and present multiband light curves of the early (subday) through late (weeks to years) afterglow stages. Our work systematically compares two distinct models for the central engine, referred to as the narrow- and wide-engine scenarios, respectively associated with a successful structured jet and quasi-isotropic explosion. Both engine models naturally evolve angular and radial structures through hydrodynamical interaction with the merger debris cloud. They both also result in a relativistic blast wave capable of producing the observed multiband afterglow data. However, we find that the narrow- and wide-engine scenarios might be differentiated by a new emission component that we refer to as a merger flash. This component is a consequence of applying the synchrotron radiation model to the shocked optically thin merger cloud. Such modeling is appropriate if injection of nonthermal electrons is sustained in the breakout relativistic shell, for example by internal shocks or magnetic reconnection. The rapidly declining signature may be detectable for future BNS mergers during the first minutes to the day following the gravitational wave chirp. Furthermore, its nondetection for the GRB170817A event may disfavor the wide, quasi-isotropic explosion model.
Resolving the ISM at the Peak of Cosmic Star Formation with ALMA: The Distribution of CO and Dust Continuum in z ∼ 2.5 Submillimeter Galaxies
Authors: Rivera Gabriela Calistro , Hodge J. A. , Smail Ian , Swinbank A. M. , Weiss A. , Wardlow J. L. , Walter F. , Rybak M. , Chen Chian-Chou , Brandt W. N. , Coppin K. , Cunha E. da , Dannerbauer H. , Greve T. R. , Karim A. , Knudsen K. K. , Schinnerer E. , Simpson J. M. , Venemans B. , Werf P. P. van der
Published: August 2018

We use Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of four submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at z ∼ 2–3 to investigate the spatially resolved properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) at scales of 1–5 kpc (0.″1–0.″6). The velocity fields of our sources, traced by the 12CO(J = 3–2) emission, are consistent with disk rotation to the first order, implying average dynamical masses of ∼3 × 1011

 within two half-light radii. Through a Bayesian approach we investigate the uncertainties inherent to dynamically constraining total gas masses. We explore the covariance between the stellar mass-to-light ratio and CO-to-H2 conversion factor, α
CO, finding values of

for dark matter fractions of 15%. We show that the resolved spatial distribution of the gas and dust continuum can be uncorrelated to the stellar emission, challenging energy balance assumptions in global SED fitting. Through a stacking analysis of the resolved radial profiles of the CO(3–2), stellar, and dust continuum emission in SMG samples, we find that the cool molecular gas emission in these sources (radii ∼5–14 kpc) is clearly more extended than the rest-frame ∼250 μm dust continuum by a factor >2. We propose that assuming a constant dust-to-gas ratio, this apparent difference in sizes can be explained by temperature and optical depth gradients alone. Our results suggest that caution must be exercised when extrapolating morphological properties of dust continuum observations to conclusions about the molecular gas phase of the interstellar medium (ISM).
The Spatial Origin of Chondrules in Individual Chondrites: Constraints from Modeling Chondrule Mixing
Authors: Hezel Dominik C. , Parteli Eric J. R.
Published: August 2018

Chondrules are a major component of chondritic meteorites and potentially populated the entire protoplanetary disk before planet formation. Chondrules provide insights into the physical and chemical evolution of the protoplanetary disk. An important constraint for the protoplanetary disk is whether chondrules in individual chondrite groups formed in spatially separate reservoirs and were then transported and mixed throughout the disk, finally accreting in chondrites, or did chondrules in individual chondrite groups form and then accrete in the same reservoir and locality, without large-scale transport and mixing involved. Both scenarios have been proposed. Here we use bulk chondrule compositional data from the recently published ChondriteDB database in combination with a mixing model we developed to test whether the compositional distributions of chondrule populations in individual chondrites (1) are the result of mixing chondrules from multiple parental reservoirs or (2) originated from single parental reservoirs. We thereby provide a fundamental framework that each mixing model needs to obey. Although one mixing model is principally possible, this particular model is unlikely, and it therefore appears more reasonable that chondrules in individual chondrites originated from single, although different, parental reservoirs. Significant disk-wide transport or mixing of chondrules seems unlikely, while chondrule-forming models that produce chondrules from single reservoirs seem more likely. Anomalous minor element and nucleosynthetic isotope chondrule compositions are possibly best explained by admixing tiny nuggets such as refractory or presolar grains with distinct elemental or isotopic compositions into chondrules.
The Fate of Supernova-heated Gas in Star-forming Regions of the LMC: Lessons for Galaxy Formation?
Authors: Bustard Chad , Pardy Stephen A. , D’Onghia Elena , Zweibel Ellen G. , Gallagher J. S.
Published: August 2018

Galactic winds and fountains driven by supernova-heated gas play an integral role in redistributing gas in galaxies, depositing metals in the circumgalactic medium, and quenching star formation. The interplay between these outflows and ram-pressure stripping (RPS) due to the galaxy’s motion through an ambient medium may enhance these effects by converting fountain flows into expelled gas. In this paper, we present controlled, 3D simulations of RPS combined with thermally driven, local outflows from clustered supernovae in an isolated disk galaxy modeled on the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a dwarf satellite of the Milky Way on its first infall. Observational evidence of local outflows emanating from supergiant shells in the LMC and a trailing filament of H i gas originating from these regions—with no obvious Leading Arm counterpart—may represent a perfect example of this process. Our simulations present a proof of concept that ram pressure can convert fountain flows into expelled gas. We find that fountains launched near the peak star formation time of the LMC can comprise part of the LMC filament in the Trailing Stream but with lower column densities than observed. Larger, more numerous outflows from the LMC may be possible and may contribute more mass, but higher-inertia gas will lengthen the timescale for this gas to be swept away by ram pressure. Given the high-resolution observations, increased knowledge of star formation histories, and growing evidence of multiphase ionized outflows, the LMC is an ideal test bed for future wind models.
A Fourier Domain “Jerk” Search for Binary Pulsars
Authors: Andersen Bridget C. , Ransom Scott M.
Published: August 2018

While binary pulsar systems are fantastic laboratories for a wide array of astrophysics, they are particularly difficult to detect. The orbital motion of the pulsar changes its apparent spin frequency over the course of an observation, essentially “smearing” the response of the time series in the Fourier domain. We review the Fourier domain acceleration search (FDAS), which uses a matched filtering algorithm to correct for this smearing by assuming constant acceleration for a small enough portion of the orbit. We discuss the theory and implementation of a Fourier domain “jerk” search, developed as part of the PRESTO software package, which extends the FDAS to account for a linearly changing acceleration, or constant orbital jerk, of the pulsar. We test the performance of our algorithm on archival Green Bank Telescope observations of the globular cluster Terzan 5, and show that while the jerk search has a significantly longer runtime, it improves search sensitivity to binaries when the observation duration is 5%–15% of the orbital period. Finally, we present the jerk-search-enabled detection of Ter5am (PSR J1748−2446am), a new highly accelerated pulsar in a compact, eccentric, and relativistic orbit, with a likely pulsar mass of

M
⊙.
A revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae, Dissochaeteae)
Authors: Kartonegoro Abdulrokhman , Veldkamp Jan Frits , Hovenkamp Peter , van Welzen Peter
Published: August 2018

Dissochaeta is a plant genus of woody climbers, classified in the tribe Dissochaeteae (Melastomataceae). The taxonomic history of the genus is complicated and includes some allied genera like Dalenia, Diplectria, Macrolenes and Omphalopus. Most of them are already regarded as synonyms of Dissochaeta except for Macrolenes which is considered a separate genus here as well. Dissochaeta is characterised by its scrambling habit, interpetiolar outgrowths, 4-merous flowers, dimorphic stamens and berry-like fruits. A taxonomic revision of Dissochaeta is presented, which includes references, a complete list of synonyms, detailed morphological descriptions of the species and an identification key, as well as information on the distribution, habitat and ecology, vernacular names, notes and lists of examined specimens. Fifty four species and two varieties of Dissochaeta are recognised. We designate several lectotypes, propose eleven new combinations and we describe one new species and one new variety.
Chères prisons ? Le coût des établissements de détention du canton de Vaud dans une perspective de longue durée, 1845-2015
Authors: Guex Sébastien , Buclin Hadrien
Published: August 2018

Cet article étudie l’évolution du coût de la détention dans le canton de Vaud entre 1845 et 2015. Il met en lumière que les prisons sont loin d’entraîner un coût exorbitant pour les finances publiques. En effet, le travail des détenus et la vente de produits qui en résulte permettent à l’État de dégager des recettes importantes ; certaines années, des établissements de détention parviennent même à couvrir la quasi totalité de leurs frais de fonctionnement grâce au travail des prisonniers. Dans la deuxième moitié du XX e siècle, malgré l’augmentation du coût de la détention, notamment provoquée par la hausse des salaires du personnel pénitentiaire, le budget des prisons continue à absorber une part modeste du Produit intérieur brut. Ce constat permet de questionner les discours répandus autour du prétendu coût exorbitant de la détention, ainsi que leurs potentielles instrumentalisations politiques.
Opioid Use Disorder: Diagnosis and Updated Treatment Options
Authors: Li Benjamin T. , Riordan Nina , Banu Sophia , Murtaza Syed , Shah Asim A.
Published: August 2018

The United States is in the midst of an opioid crisis that has led to an immense number of overdose deaths. It is urgent for providers to recognize signs of opioid use disorder through clinical interview, review of laboratory results, use of the prescription drug-monitoring program, and other signs. After a patient is safely detoxified from opioids, a decision must be made together with the patient about whether to engage in abstinence-based treatment or medication-assisted treatment. Within medication-assisted treatment, the options are to use mu-receptor agonists and antagonists. Each of these options has its own specific benefits. Additional psychosocial interventions are also recommended during treatment of opioid use disorder.

[
Psychiatr Ann.
2018;48(8):366–371.]
Pediatric Pelvic Ring Injuries
Authors: Lewallen Laura W. , McIntosh Amy L. , Sems S. Andrew
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine whether pelvic fracture pattern is associated with transfusion requirements or concomitant injuries in pediatric patients. This was a single-institution, retrospective review from 1970 to 2000. Pelvic ring injuries were classified using the Orthopaedic Trauma Association system. Injury Severity Scores were assigned. Ninety patients were included in this study. There were 27 A-type (30.0%), 51 B-type (56.7%), and 12 C-type (13.3%) injuries. Mean Injury Severity Scores were 8.1 for 61 A-type, 12.7 for 61 B-type, and 23.6 for 61 C-type fractures (
P
<.0001). Transfusion was required for 14.8% of A-type, 18.4% of B-type, and 66.7% of C-type injuries (
P
=.0009). There was no significant association with the number of units transfused (
P
=.9614). Decreased pelvic ring fracture stability was associated with an increased need for blood transfusion, although not with the number of units. Pelvic ring fracture stability may be a marker of associated injuries. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(5):e701–e704.]
Surficial geology and features of the inner shelf of eastern shore, offshore Nova Scotia
Authors: King E L
Published: August 2018

The report describes the Quaternary geology across the inner continental shelf of the Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia, stretching about 70 km from Clam Bay to Moosehead and from the coast to about 40 km offshore. A surficial geology map was constructed from a mosaic
of seabed topography images from water depth soundings gridded at spatial resolutions ranging from high (5 m) to low (500 m), supplemented with a sparse network of acoustic geophysical transects and limited sample data. The coast and inner shelf morphology, to about 120 m water depth, is primarily
governed by bedrock and has a far more rugged topography than the offshore. Hard meta-sedimentary rocks comprising slates and meta-sandstones of the Lower Paleozoic age Meguma Supergroup present bedding and cleavage at the seabed which impart a rough ridge and trough morphology trending parallel to
the coast. The glacial depositional and erosional imprint is strong in the area; numerous broad fjord-like channels oriented normal to the coastline cut deep into bedrock and were largely mud-filled during deglaciation. Different ice flow phases are recognized from striae, drumlins and moraines.
Bedrock is locally covered by ground moraine, drumlins and moraines or their erosional remnants. Outcrops with little sediment cover dominate the seabed from 70 m water depth to the headlands except where the broad channels and shallow basins developed a sand and gravel lag during the sea-level
transgression. The precise low-stand of sea-level on this part of the inner shelf is not clear but has been reported as >-50 m (Forbes et al. 1991) immediately east of Halifax, and -65 to -70 m (Stea et.al. 1992b, 1994, 1995). Based on near-complete littoral washing of sediments from the
bedrock surface as represented in the multibeam bathymetric images, a -70 m elevation is suggested but the shallower low-stand allows for greater sub-littoral wave-erosion action and is likely no less valid. Post-glacial marine mud, largely derived from the reworking of glacigenic sediments during
transgression, dominates the offshore, below about 120 m and in harbours and near-shore basins that are relatively sheltered from storm action.
Glacial reconstruction was largely established before this mapping exercise but the improved characterization of features and spatial patterns contributes further detail. Regional ice flow phases established are successfully correlated to the offshore. All but the latest (Chignecto) phase are
represented by one or several glacial elements including deep mud-filled bedrock channels, drumlin, moraine and striae. There is no clear pattern as to which flow phases preferentially create or preserve glacial features. The last offshore imprint was during the Scotian Phase, nearly normal to the
coastline. If a later glacial phase extended into the offshore, its margin was likely farther east.
Delivery and Student Perceptions of Drive‐Through Laboratory Sessions in an Introductory‐Level Soil Science Course
Authors: Abit Sergio M. , Curl Patrick , Lasquites James Jade , MacNelly Blake
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas

Drive‐through laboratory sessions are effective teaching tools in lecture‐only classes.

Understanding and appreciation increases if lectures are paired with hands‐on activities.

Students do not mind having laboratory activities in a lecture‐only soil science class.

Students could have difficulty in understanding key concepts about the formation, chemistry, physics, and fertility of the soil when taught in a purely lecture setting. These concepts are better understood when lecture is coupled with hands‐on activities. The course Land, Life, and the Environment is an introductory‐level soil science course that does not have a laboratory component. Because most students in the class do not have previous experience in utilizing and studying the soil, some lecture times were reallocated as laboratory sessions to promote learning and enhance appreciation of key concepts. Four 25‐minute drive‐through laboratory sessions were implemented. Each involved small groups of students who go through activity stations in the laboratory. In each station, the instructor either demonstrated a process, discussed soil properties using examples, or taught analytical procedures. Survey shows that at least 94% of students agreed or strongly agreed that drive‐through labs enhanced understanding and appreciation of soil science concepts. An average of 89% of the student indicated some concepts would have been difficult to learn without the drive‐through labs. Students did not mind attending laboratory sessions in what was intended as a lecture‐only class, with 73% indicating the class should have more than three lab sessions. Drive‐through laboratory activities is an effective teaching tool in soil science courses that do not have a designated laboratory component.
Lee Silverman Voice Treatment BIG® for a Person With Stroke
Authors: Proffitt Rachel M. , Henderson Whitney , Scholl Shea , Nettleton Micaela
Published: August 2018

The extant literature suggests the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment BIG® (LSVT BIG) program is an effective intervention for persons with Parkinson’s disease; however, no literature or research on the use of this program as an intervention for persons with stroke exists. We examined the effects of the LSVT BIG program for a 52-yr-old community-dwelling woman with mild to moderate upper extremity hemiparesis 2 yr after a stroke and the feasibility of delivering the home exercise component of the program in a game-based format. We made measurements at pretest, posttest, and 6-wk follow-up. The participant demonstrated self-reported improvements in occupational performance and satisfaction and large improvements in upper extremity motor function. The next step in this research is to deliver LSVT BIG and a home game-based program with a larger, more diverse population of persons with chronic stroke to further determine the effectiveness and appropriateness of this intervention.
Evidence for Occupational Therapy Intervention With Employment and Education for Adults With Serious Mental Illness: A Systematic Review
Authors: Noyes Susan , Sokolow Helena , Arbesman Marian
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE. Many of the estimated 9.8 million American adults with serious mental illness (SMI) want to engage in employment and education, yet the majority report a need for more skills training. This review presents evidence for the effectiveness of interventions that occupational therapy practitioners can provide to help people with SMI improve and maintain performance and participation in employment and education.

METHOD. Citations, abstracts, and full-text articles in databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, OTseeker, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were reviewed for inclusion and analysis.

RESULTS. Fifty-seven articles met criteria for inclusion. For employment, strong evidence was found for the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model and cognitive interventions. For education, moderate evidence was found for supported education interventions.

CONCLUSION. This systematic review supports the role of occupational therapy practitioners in promoting the implementation of IPS, cognitive-based, and social skills programs to improve vocational and educational outcomes for adults with SMI.
Style Wise
Authors: Burns-Tran Shannon , Davis Jenny B.
Published: August 2018

Style Wise: A Practical Guide to Becoming a Fashion Stylist is an essential step-by-step guide and reference tool for anyone interested or involved in professional styling. The book paints a realistic picture of the day-to-day activities of professional stylists and provides aspiring stylists with the tools and information needed to begin building a portfolio. Topics covered include photo shoots, film shoots, fashion shows, special events, and other areas such as image management and food, prop, and set styling. Burns includes charts of fashion icons, history, terms, and other sources of inspiration from classic films to street culture. The book also provides references to helpful apps, websites, and other resources for portfolio building, branding, networking, and maintaining a freelance or salaried career.
Fashion Forward
Authors: Rousso Chelsea , Ostroff Nancy Kaplan
Published: August 2018

Fashion Forward demystifies the exciting career of a fashion forecaster and fosters skills that will benefit any design professional. The book begins with an overview of fashion forecasting theories and concepts and then leads readers through a step-by-step guide to creating and presenting a forecast. The authors reveal the inner workings of global fashion forecasting through real-world examples and interviews with both influential forecasters and the designers who rely upon them. Fashion Forward enables readers to start spotting tomorrow’s trends today and compellingly communicate them—both visually and verbally—to inspire fashion innovators.
Combined effects of boundary layer dynamics and atmospheric
chemistry on aerosol composition during new particle formation
periods
Authors: Hao Liqing , Garmash Olga , Ehn Mikael , Miettinen Pasi , Massoli Paola , Mikkonen Santtu , Jokinen Tuija , Roldin Pontus , Aalto Pasi , Yli-Juuti Taina , Joutsensaari Jorma , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Lehtinen Kari E. J. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Virtanen Annele
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Characterizing aerosol chemical composition in response to meteorological changes and atmospheric chemistry is important to gain insights into new particle formation mechanisms. A BAECC (Biogenic Aerosols-Effects on Clouds and Climate) campaign was conducted during the spring 2014 at SMEAR II station (Station for Measuring Forest Ecosystem-Aerosol Relations) in Finland. The particles were characterized by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). A PBL (planetary boundary layer) dilution model was developed to assist interpreting the measurement results. Right before nucleation events, the mass concentrations of organic and sulfate aerosol species were both decreased rapidly along with the growth of PBL heights. However, the mass fraction of sulfate aerosol of the total aerosol mass was increased, in contrast to a decrease for the organic mass fraction. Meanwhile, an increase of LVOOA (low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol) mass fraction of the total organic mass was observed, in distinct comparison to a reduction of SVOOA (semi-volatile OOA) mass fraction. Our results demonstrate that, at the beginning of nucleation events, the observed sulfate aerosol mass was mainly driven by vertical turbulent mixing of sulfate-rich aerosols between the residual layer and the newly formed boundary layer, while the condensation of sulfuric acid played a minor role in interpreting the measured sulfate mass concentration. For the measured organic aerosols, their temporal profiles were mainly driven by dilution from PBL development, organic aerosol mixing in different boundary layers and/or condensation of organic vapors, but accurate measurements of organic vapor concentrations and characterization on the spatial aerosol chemical composition are required. In general, the observed aerosol particles by AMS are subjected to joint effects of PBL dilution, atmospheric chemistry and aerosol mixing in different boundary layers. During aerosol growth periods in the night time, the mass concentrations of organic aerosols and organic nitrate aerosols were both increased. The increase of SVOOA mass correlated well with the calculated increase of condensed HOMs (highly oxygenated organic molecules) mass. To our knowledge, our results are the first atmospheric observations showing a connection between increase in SVOOA and condensed HOMs during the night time.
Refined classification and characterization of atmospheric new particle formation events using air ions
Authors: Dada Lubna , Chellapermal Robert , Buenrostro Mazon Stephany , Paasonen Pauli , Lampilahti Janne , Manninen Hanna E. , Junninen Heikki , Petäjä Tuukka , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is a world-wide observed phenomenon that affects the human health and the global climate. With the growing network of global atmospheric measurement stations, efforts towards investigating NPF have increased. In this study, we present an automated method to classify days into four categories including NPF events, non-events and two classes in between, which then ensures the reproducibility and minimizes the man-hours spent on manual classification. We applied our automated method to 10 years of data collected at the SMEAR II measurement station in Hyytiälä, southern Finland. In contrast to the traditionally-applied classification methods which categorize days into events, non-events and ambiguous days as undefined days, our method is able to classify the undefined days as it accesses the initial steps of NPF at sub-3 nm sizes. Our results show that on ~ 24 % of the days in Hyytiälä, a regional NPF event occurred and was characterized by a nice weather and favorable conditions such as a clear sky and low condensation sink. Another class found in Hyytiälä is the transported event class, which seems to be NPF carried horizontally or vertically to our measurement location and it occurred on 17 % of the total studied days. Additionally, we found that an ion burst, where the ions apparently fail to grow to larger sizes, occurred on 18 % of the days in Hyytiälä. The transported events and ion bursts were characterized by less favorable ambient conditions than regional NPF events, and thus experienced interrupted particle formation or growth. Non-events occurred on 41 % of the days and were characterized by a complete cloud cover and high relative humidity. Moreover, for the regional NPF events occurring at the measurement site, the method identifies the start time, peak time and end time, which helps us focus on variables within an exact time window to better understand NPF in a process level. Our automated method can be modified to work in other measurement locations where NPF is observed.