bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and the Risk of Dementia
Authors: Levine Stephen Z. , Rotstein Anat , Kodesh Arad , Sandin Sven , Lee Brian K. , Weinstein Galit , Schnaider Beeri Michal , Reichenberg Abraham
Published: October 2023

Importance

Evidence that adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk of dementia is scarce and inconsistent, and potential sources of bias are untested.

Objective

To examine the association between adult ADHD and the risk of dementia.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective national cohort study consisted of 109 218 members of a nonprofit Israeli health maintenance organization born between 1933 and 1952 who entered the cohort on January 1, 2003, without an ADHD or dementia diagnosis and were followed up to February 28, 2020. Participants were aged 51 to 70 years in 2003. Statistical analysis was conducted from December 2022 to August 2023.

Exposure

Adult ADHD was a time-varying covariate, classified as present from the age of the first diagnosis (using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision); otherwise, absent.

Main Outcome and Measures

Cox regression models were fitted to quantify the association between adult ADHD and the risk of incident dementia with hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% CIs unadjusted and in the primary analysis, using inverse probability weights, adjusted for 18 sources of potential confounding. In 14 complementary analyses, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were implemented.

Results

At the beginning of the follow-up, the sample of 109 218 participants had a mean (SD) age of 57.7 (5.5) years, 56 474 participants (51.7%) were female, and 52 744 (48.3%) were male. During follow-up, 730 participants (0.7%) received a diagnosis of adult ADHD, and 7726 (7.1%) received a diagnosis of dementia. Dementia occurred among 96 of 730 participants (13.2%) with adult ADHD and 7630 of 108 488 participants (7.0%) without adult ADHD. In the primary analysis, compared with the absence of adult ADHD, the presence of adult ADHD was statistically significantly (P < .001) associated with an increased dementia risk (unadjusted HR, 3.62 [95% CI, 2.92-4.49; P < .001]; adjusted HR, 2.77 [95% CI, 2.11-3.63; P < .001]). Twelve of the 14 complementary analyses did not attenuate the conclusions based on the results of the primary analysis. There was, however, no clear increase in the risk of dementia associated with adult ADHD among those who received psychostimulant medication, and evidence of reverse causation was mild.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of individuals born between 1933 and 1952 and followed up in old age, adult ADHD was associated with an increased risk of dementia. Policy makers, caregivers, patients, and clinicians may wish to monitor reliably for ADHD in old age.
The quantity and quality of scientific evidence about the health of working women in occupational health of Japan: A scoping review
Authors: Nomura Kyoko , Kitagawa Kyoko , Tsuji Mayumi , Iida Miho , Aoki Mizuki , Miyauchi Kasane , Hirayama Junko , Nagashima Kengo , Takebayashi Toru , Tsutsumi Akizumi
Published: October 2023

Objective

We aim to investigate the quantity and quality of scientific evidence dealing with comprehensive health issues of working women in occupational health.

Methods

This scoping review of original articles that investigated comprehensive health issues of working women aged 19–64 years in Japan was published in PubMed (1967–2022) and Igaku Chuo Zasshi (or Ichu-shi, 1982–2022). Using identical broad search terms, we first identified 17 122 English and 6154 Japanese articles. We excluded those with clinically relevant topics, or ethnicity other than Japanese and included 853 English and 855 Japanese articles for review and classified them into nine research areas considered to be critical factors for women in the workforce and five study design groups to investigate the quality of the evidence accumulated.

Results

Among 853 English-language articles in PubMed, “Mental health” was the most frequent area studied, followed by “Work-related disease” and “Lifestyle-related disease.” Among 855 Japanese-language articles from Ichu-shi, “Mental health” was the most frequently studied area followed by “Work and balance,” and “Work-related disease.” “Infertility, pregnancy, and childbirth” and “Menstruation, menopause, and genital disease” were well studied in Ichu-shi but scarcely published in PubMed. “Harassment and discrimination” were sparsely reported in both databases. As for research designs, many articles in both PubMed and Ichu-shi employed descriptive or cross-sectional study designs. However, a few studies employed cohort/longitudinal or interventional studies.

Conclusion

The results underscored the need for higher-quality study designs with more scientific evidence on working women’s health in the field of occupational health.
LRRK2 negatively regulates glucose tolerance via regulation of membrane translocation of GLUT4 in adipocytes
Authors: Kawakami Fumitaka , Imai Motoki , Isaka Yuki , Cookson Mark R. , Maruyama Hiroko , Kubo Makoto , Farrer Matthew J. , Kanzaki Makoto , Kawashima Rei , Maekawa Tatsunori , Tamaki Shun , Kurosaki Yoshifumi , Kojima Fumiaki , Ohba Kenichi , Ichikawa Takafumi
Published: October 2023

Epidemiological studies have shown that abnormalities of glucose metabolism are involved in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)‐associated Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the physiological significance of this association is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of LRRK2 on high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced glucose intolerance using Lrrk2‐knockout (KO) mice. We found for the first time that HFD‐fed KO mice display improved glucose tolerance compared with their wild‐type (WT) counterparts. In addition, high serum insulin and leptin, as well as low serum adiponectin resulting from HFD in WT mice were improved in KO mice. Using western blotting, we found that Lrrk2 is highly expressed in adipose tissues compared with other insulin‐related tissues that are thought to be important in glucose tolerance, including skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas. Lrrk2 expression and phosphorylation of its kinase substrates Rab8a and Rab10 were significantly elevated after HFD treatment in WT mice. In cell culture experiments, treatment with a LRRK2 kinase inhibitor stimulated insulin‐dependent membrane translocation of glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and glucose uptake in mouse 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. We conclude that increased LRRK2 kinase activity in adipose tissue exacerbates glucose tolerance by suppressing Rab8‐ and Rab10‐mediated GLUT4 membrane translocation.
Design of auto obstacle avoidance system based on machine learning under the background of intelligent transportation
Authors: Wang Ying
Published: October 2023

With the process of urbanization and the increase in car ownership, traffic problems are becoming increasingly prominent. In order to improve traffic mobility and improve traffic safety, a machine learning based autonomous obstacle avoidance system was studied and designed in the context of intelligent transportation. Design an obstacle avoidance hardware system consisting of a tracking sensor module, an intelligent patrol module, an obstacle avoidance sensor module, and a motor module. Through the coordination and cooperation of multiple modules, the adaptive ability of the obstacle avoidance system is improved. On the basis of hardware design, a road coordinate system is established, and the lane‐changing path is planned with the longitudinal, lateral distance and speed of the ego vehicle and the preceding vehicle as input, and the vehicle steering and lane‐changing control is completed using the front wheel angle of the ego vehicle as the control quantity. The model predictive control method is used for obstacle avoidance trajectory planning. Based on the obstacle avoidance path planning results, the reinforcement learning method is used to design the vehicle's autonomous obstacle avoidance early warning to improve the efficiency of obstacle avoidance. The experimental results show that the designed system can maintain the lateral stability of the vehicle under continuous steering conditions, and the fit between the path tracking and the reference path is better, that is, the vehicle obstacle avoidance control effect is better; the convergence speed is faster. The vehicle autonomous obstacle avoidance warning time is short, which can ensure the safety of the vehicle to the greatest extent. This research achievement will provide important support for the development and practical application of intelligent transportation systems, and promote innovation and progress in the transportation field.
Wearable Alternating Current Electroluminescent e‐Textiles with High Brightness Enabled by Fully Sprayed Layer‐By‐Layer Assembly
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Xun , Zhang Yaru , Liu Mingyu , Zhao Zhiwei , Shen Zhen , Hu Yi
Published: October 2023

Textile‐based flexible alternating current electroluminescent devices have attracted extensive research interest due to their great potential in the fields of illumination and display, information interaction, smart wear, visual sensing, and trendy decoration. However, the challenge remains to easily and efficiently fabricate electroluminescent devices with high brightness and excellent durability. In this study, a fully sprayed method for fabricating electroluminescent devices on fabric is proposed. Based on the top‐emitting structure, light‐emitting e‐textiles with bright light emission are successfully prepared using highly conductive eutectic gallium–indium alloy and silver nanowires as the bottom and top electrodes, respectively, and high dielectric constant composites as the dielectric layer. Here, the brightness enhancement mechanism of high dielectric constant dielectric layers is explained for alternating current electroluminescence devices with top‐emitting structure. The devices have a brightness of up to 338.6 cd m−2 and are resistant to all forms of physical damage. This work may be a feasible path to simplify the process and reduce the cost, and may effectively promote the industrialization of wearable electroluminescent devices.
MOF@wood Derived Ultrathin Carbon Composite Film for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding with Effective Absorption and Electrothermal Management
Authors: Ma Xiaofan , Liu Siyuan , Luo Heng , Guo Hongtao , Jiang Shaohua , Duan Gaigai , Zhang Guoying , Han Jingquan , He Shuijian , Lu Wei , Zhang Kai
Published: October 2023

Recently, there has been a growing demand for ultra‐thin carbonized wood films (CWF) with high shielding efficiency (SE) to replace non‐renewable alternatives. Researchers aim to enhance electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption and improve electromagnetic interference (EMI) SE in CWF materials to reduce secondary pollution from reflected EM waves. In this work, the carbonized wood composite film (CWF/EP/Co) with a thickness of 120 µm through the process of hot‐pressing and carbonizing wood soaked in a mixed solution of water‐borne epoxy (EP) and Co/Zn‐MOF (ZIF‐67/8) is obtained. The CWF/EP/Co film exhibits excellent conductivity (105 S cm−1) and demonstrates an excellent EMI SE (73 dB) at a 200 µm thickness. Remarkably, the specific EMI shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) of CWF/EP/Co films reached 15833.3 dB·cm2·g−1 in the X‐band, making it the highest reported value among all wood‐derived EMI shielding materials. CWF/EP/Co films have a high absorption coefficient (A) of 0.4, indicating their effectiveness in absorbing EM waves. Furthermore, the EMI shielding effect of the large‐scale wallpaper (170 mm×170 mm) is confirmed by finite element analysis. Additionally, the CWF/EP/Co film exhibits good mechanical properties and effective Joule heating performance. This shielding film shows promise in applications such as buildings and smart homes, providing EMI shielding and warming effects.
Lowering the Temperature of Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cells Using Triple‐Doped Bismuth Oxides
Authors: Yu Hyeongmin , Jeong Incheol , Jang Seungsoo , Kim Doyeub , Im Ha‐Ni , Lee Chan‐Woo , Wachsman Eric D. , Lee Kang Taek
Published: October 2023

Despite the great potential of solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs) as highly efficient energy conversion devices, the undesirable high operating temperature limits their wider applicability. Herein, a novel approach to developing high‐performance low‐temperature SOCs (LT‐SOCs) is presented through the use of an Er, Y, and Zr triple‐doped bismuth oxide (EYZB). This study demonstrates that EYZB exhibits > 147 times higher ionic conductivity of 0.44 S cm−1 at 600 °C compared to commercial Y‐stabilized zirconia electrolyte with excellent stability over 1000 h. By rationally incorporating EYZB in composite electrodes and bilayer electrolytes, the zirconia‐based electrolyte LT‐SOC achieves the unprecedentedly high performance of 3.45 and 2.02 W cm−2 in the fuel cell mode and 2.08 and 0.95 A cm−2 in the electrolysis cell mode at 700 °C and 600 °C, respectively. Further, a distinctive microstructural feature of EYZB that largely extends triple phase boundary at the interface is revealed through digital twinning. This work provides insights for developing high‐performance LT‐SOCs.
Effect of Chain Length on Swelling Transitions of Brodie Graphite Oxide in Liquid 1‐Alcohols
Authors: Iakunkov Artem , Nordenström Andreas , Boulanger Nicolas , Li Gui , Hennig Christoph , Jørgensen Mads Ry Vogel , Kantor Innokenty , Talyzin Alexander V.
Published: October 2023

Swelling is the most fundamental property of graphite oxides (GO). Here, a structural study of Brodie graphite oxide (BGO) swelling in a set of long chain 1‐alcohols (named C11 to C22 according to the number of carbons) performed using synchrotron radiation X‐ray diffraction at elevated temperatures is reported. Even the longest of tested alcohols (C22) is found to intercalate BGO with enormous expansion of the interlayer distance from ≈6Å up to ≈63Å, the highest expansion of GO lattice ever reported. Swelling transitions from low temperature α‐phase to high temperature β‐phase are found for BGO in all alcohols in the C11–C22 set. The transitions correspond to decrease of inter‐layer distance correlating with the length of alcohol molecules, and change in their orientation from perpendicular to GO planes to layered parallel to GO (Type II transitions). These transitions are very different compared to BGO swelling transitions (Type I) found in smaller alcohols and related to insertion/de‐insertion of additional layer of alcohol parallel to GO. Analysis of general trends in the whole set of 1‐alcohols (C1 to C22) shows that the 1‐alcohol chain length defines the type of swelling transition with Type I found for alcohols with C<10 and Type II for C>10.
In Situ Nanomechanical Characterization Techniques for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces and Their Building Blocks
Authors: Cortelli Giorgio , Cramer Tobias , Patruno Luca , Fraboni Beatrice , de Miranda Stefano
Published: October 2023

Soft bioelectronic interfaces constitute a paradigm shift for biomedical devices. High‐resolution monitoring and stimulation of physiological processes in vivo are becoming possible with minimally invasive devices operated without inflicting tissue damage or discomfort over prolonged timescales. However, the development and commercialization of such interfaces still must address significant challenges. Biological tissue is subjected to continuous motion and the related device deformations can easily trigger fracture or delamination of the device components, putting long‐term durability of soft implants at risk. In this review, an overview of experimental techniques for testing mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of soft bioelectronic devices at the nanoscale while the deformation takes place (in situ) is provided. Through the tensile test, bending test, nanoindentation, and micropillar compression test, precise measurements of the mechanical properties of individual building blocks and the interfaces themselves can be obtained. Such parameters are crucial to design, model, and optimize the device's performance. Then, recent examples of how this information guides design and optimization of soft bioelectronic interfaces and devices for healthcare, robotics, and human–machine interfaces is provided. Last of all, future research that is needed to fully achieve long‐term soft bioelectronic interfaces for integration with the human body is discussed.
Tunable Optical Properties and the Role of Defects on the Carrier Lifetimes of Cs3Sb2I9 Synthesized in Various Solvents
Authors: Neguse Samuel M. , Yoon Songhak , Frebel Alexander , Jöckel Dennis M. , Widenmeyer Marc , Lange Stefan , Rosspeintner Arnulf , Ebbinghaus Stefan G. , Hagendorf Christian , Balke Benjamin , Weidenkaff Anke
Published: October 2023

Pb‐free halide perovskites have recently attracted immense attention due to the number of advantages in their optical and electronic properties. However, tuning the optical bandgap with minimized amounts of point defects is a particularly challenging task in photovoltaics. It is pivotal to clearly understand the detailed relationship between the bandgap change with defect generation and charge carrier lifetime. In this study, Cs3Sb2I9 crystals are synthesized by varied choice of solvents, namely, γ‐butyrolactone, a mixture of dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, and hydroiodic acid. Although the same principles of decreasing solubility and crystallization are applied, Cs3Sb2I9 crystals with different size and shape in microscopic and macroscopic scale are obtained during heating and cooling of the solution. The synthesized crystals are investigated using a combination of different spectroscopies including Raman, UV–visible, and time‐resolved photoluminescence. In the results, it is suggested that there is a strong relationship between Urbach energy and the lifetime of charge carriers. In this research, readily applicable practical principles and examples of how to control the defects for the advancement in Pb‐free perovskite photovoltaics are provided.
Selective RNA Processing and Stabilization are Multi‐Layer and Stoichiometric Regulators of Gene Expression in Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Daixi , Lv Haibo , Wang Yafei , Chen Jinyu , Li Dexin , Huang Ranran
Published: October 2023

Selective RNA processing and stabilization (SRPS) facilitates the differential expression of multiple genes in polycistronic operons. However, how the coordinated actions of SRPS‐related enzymes affect stoichiometric regulation remains unclear. In the present study, the first genome‐wide targetome analysis is reported of these enzymes in Escherichia coli, at a single‐nucleotide resolution. A strictly linear relationship is observed between the RNA pyrophosphohydrolase processing ratio and scores assigned to the first three nucleotides of the primary transcript. Stem‐loops associated with PNPase targetomes exhibit a folding free energy that is negatively correlated with the termination ratio of PNPase at the 3′ end. More than one‐tenth of the RNase E processing sites in the 5′‐untranslated regions（UTR） form different stem‐loops that affect ribosome‐binding and translation efficiency. The effectiveness of the SRPS elements is validated using a dual‐fluorescence reporter system. The findings highlight a multi‐layer and quantitative regulatory method for optimizing the stoichiometric expression of genes in bacteria and promoting the application of SRPS in synthetic biology.
Contrast Agent‐Free 3D Renal Ultrafast Doppler Imaging Reveals Vascular Dysfunction in Acute and Diabetic Kidney Diseases
Authors: Oh Donghyeon , Lee Donghyun , Heo Jinseok , Kweon Jooyoung , Yong Uijung , Jang Jinah , Ahn Yong Joo , Kim Chulhong
Published: October 2023

To combat the irreversible decline in renal function associated with kidney disease, it is essential to establish non‐invasive biomarkers for assessing renal microcirculation. However, the limited resolution and/or vascular sensitivity of existing diagnostic imaging techniques hinders the visualization of complex cortical vessels. Here, a 3D renal ultrafast Doppler (UFD) imaging system that uses a high ultrasound frequency (18 MHz) and ultrahigh frame rate (1 KHz per slice) to scan the entire volume of a rat's kidney in vivo is demonstrated. The system, which can visualize the full 3D renal vascular branching pyramid at a resolution of 167 µm without any contrast agent, is used to chronically and noninvasively monitor kidneys with acute kidney injury (AKI, 3 days) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD, 8 weeks). Multiparametric UFD analyses (e.g., vessel volume occupancy (VVO), fractional moving blood volume (FMBV), vessel number density (VND), and vessel tortuosity (VT)) describe rapid vascular rarefaction from AKI and long‐term vascular degeneration from DKD, while the renal pathogeneses are validated by in vitro blood serum testing and stained histopathology. This work demonstrates the potential of 3D renal UFD to offer valuable insights into assessing kidney perfusion levels for future research in diabetes and kidney transplantation.
Distinct Conformations of Mirabegron Determined by MicroED
Authors: Lin Jieye , Unge Johan , Gonen Tamir
Published: October 2023

Mirabegron, commonly known as “Myrbetriq”, has been widely prescribed as a medicine for overactive bladder syndrome for over a decade. However, the structure of the drug and what conformational changes it may undergo upon binding its receptor remain unknown. In this study, the authors employed microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) to reveal its elusive three‐dimensional (3D) structure. They find that the drug adopts two distinct conformational states (conformers) within the asymmetric unit. Analysis of hydrogen bonding and packing demonstrated that the hydrophilic groups are embedded within the crystal lattice, resulting in a hydrophobic surface and low water solubility. Structural comparison revealed the presence of trans‐ and cis‐ forms in conformers 1 and 2, respectively. Comparison of the structures of Mirabegron alone with that of the drug bound to its receptor, the beta 3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) suggests that the drug undergoes major conformational change to fit in the receptor agonist binding site. This research highlights the efficacy of MicroED in determining the unknown and polymorphic structures of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) directly from powders.
Discrimination of Hover Fly Species and Sexes by Wing Interference Signals
Authors: Li Meng , Runemark Anna , Hernandez Julio , Rota Jadranka , Bygebjerg Rune , Brydegaard Mikkel
Published: October 2023

Remote automated surveillance of insect abundance and diversity is poised to revolutionize insect decline studies. The study reveals spectral analysis of thin‐film wing interference signals (WISs) can discriminate free‐flying insects beyond what can be accomplished by machine vision. Detectable by photonic sensors, WISs are robust indicators enabling species and sex identification. The first quantitative survey of insect wing thickness and modulation through shortwave‐infrared hyperspectral imaging of 600 wings from 30 hover fly species is presented. Fringy spectral reflectance of WIS can be explained by four optical parameters, including membrane thickness. Using a Naïve Bayes Classifier with five parameters that can be retrieved remotely, 91% is achieved accuracy in identification of species and sexes. WIS‐based surveillance is therefore a potent tool for remote insect identification and surveillance.
A Voltage‐Driven Transport Model to Identify Ion Migration as the Rate‐Limiting Step in Memristive Switching
Authors: Vazquez‐Arce Jorge Luis , Molina‐Reyes Joel , Contreras Oscar Edel , Tiznado Hugo
Published: October 2023

The physics behind the switching kinetics of memristors is gradually becoming clearer. The periods required for the onset of electromigration within memristors and the activation or deactivation of the low‐resistance state—referred to as the incubation and switching times—exhibit non‐linearity with applied voltage. This behavior prevails depending on the rate‐limiting step comprising nucleation and filament growth, electron transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface, and ion migration through the electrolyte. Herein, a model is introduced for ion migration as the rate‐limiting step. This model analyses the incubation time and analytically correlates it with the electric field, diffusion coefficient, and temperature, facilitating the determination of threshold voltage and diffusivity from high to low resistance states for ion migration as the rate‐limiting step. By exploring parallel plate cells with Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) of nanometer thickness, the application of the model is illustrated and the fundamental equations are applied to outstanding memristive cells in the literature. The applicability of this model to cells of various charge carriers is proposed, ranging from vacancies and electron transport to oxygen ions and metal cations, denoting its potential importance.
Regulating Phase Transition and Oxygen Redox to Achieve Stable High‐Voltage O3‐Type Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Kai , Xu Zhenming , Li Guodong , Luo Rui‐Jie , Ma Cui , Wang Yonggang , Zhou Yong‐Ning , Xia Yongyao
Published: October 2023

O3‐type layered oxides are promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. However, unsatisfying cyclic stability hinders its practical application, mainly resulting from harmful phase transition and irreversible oxygen redox, especially in high‐voltage regions. Herein, a co‐doped strategy by incorporating Li+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Sb5+ into the O3‐Na0.8Ni0.4Fe0.2Mn0.4O2 cathode materials is proposed. Both suppressing the undesired phase transition over 4.1 V (vs Na/Na+) and reducing the anisotropic strain are achieved with the novel Na0.8Ni0.3Fe0.2Mn0.3Li0.1Mg0.02Ca0.05Sb0.03O2 (LMCS NFM). Moreover, restricted but highly reversible oxygen redox is observed due to strong attraction from Sb5+ and special “Li–O‐vacancy” and “Mg–O‐vacancy” configurations. The strategy brings about excellent high‐voltage cyclic stability with a reversible capacity of 130 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention of 85% after 250 cycles at 4.2 V, and less thermal runaway risk and moisture sensitivity, increasing the probability of O3‐type oxide cathode practical applications.
Biomembrane‐Based Memcapacitive Reservoir Computing System for Energy‐Efficient Temporal Data Processing
Authors: Hossain Md Razuan , Mohamed Ahmed Salah , Armendarez Nicholas X. , Najem Joseph S. , Hasan Md Sakib
Published: October 2023

Reservoir computing is a highly efficient machine learning framework for processing temporal data by extracting input features and mapping them into higher dimensional spaces. Physical reservoirs have been realized using spintronic oscillators, atomic switch networks, volatile memristors, etc. However, these devices are intrinsically energy‐dissipative due to their resistive nature, increasing their power consumption. Therefore, memcapacitive devices can provide a more energy‐efficient approach. Herein, volatile biomembrane‐based memcapacitors are leveraged as reservoirs to solve classification tasks and process time series in simulation and experimentally. This system achieves a 99.6% accuracy for spoken‐digit classification and a normalized mean square error of in a second‐order nonlinear regression task. Furthermore, to showcase the device's real‐time temporal data processing capability, a 100% accuracy for an epilepsy detection problem is achieved. Most importantly, it is demonstrated that each memcapacitor consumes an average of 41.5 fJ of energy per spike, regardless of the selected input voltage pulse width, while maintaining an average power of 415 fW for a pulse width of 100 ms, orders of magnitude lower than those achieved by state‐of‐the‐art devices. Lastly, it is believed that the biocompatible, soft nature of our memcapacitor renders it highly suitable for computing applications in biological environments.
Stabilitätsuntersuchungen an einem Pt@HGS‐Katalysator als Modellmaterial für Brennstoffzellenanwendungen: Die Rolle des lokalen pH‐Wertes
Authors: Gunnarson Alexander , Quast Thomas , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Pfänder Norbert , Schüth Ferdi , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: October 2023

Die Erhöhung der Widerstandsfähigkeit von Katalysatoren gegen elektrochemische Degradation ist eine der wichtigsten Voraussetzungen für den breiteren Einsatz von Protonenaustausch‐Membran‐Brennstoffzellen (PEMFCs). Hier untersuchen wir die Degradation eines einzelnen Partikels eines hochstabilen Katalysators, Pt@HGS auf einer Nanoelektrode unter nicht‐limitierenden Massentransportbedingungen. Wir stellen fest, dass der Katalysator schneller degradiert als aufgrund früherer Ensemblemessungen erwartet wird. Auf Basis von Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (TEM) an identischen Stellen nach elektrochemischer Belastung und Experimenten mit einer Katalysatorschicht auf einem TEM‐Träger schließen wir, dass lokal unterschiedliche pH‐Werte wahrscheinlich der Grund für diesen Stabilitätsunterschied sind. Letztendlich bietet diese Arbeit Einblicke in die tatsächlichen Bedingungen in einer PEMFC und wirft Fragen zur Anwendbarkeit von beschleunigten Belastungstests auf, die normalerweise zur Bewertung der Katalysatorstabilität durchgeführt werden, insbesondere wenn sie in Halbzellenaufbauten unter Inertgas durchgeführt werden.
Fluorogenic Photo‐Crosslinking of Glycan‐Binding Protein Recognition Using a Fluorinated Azido‐Coumarin Fucoside
Authors: Bousch Cécile , Vreulz Brandon , Kansal Kartikey , El‐Husseini Ali , Cecioni Samy
Published: October 2023

Glycan recognition by glycan‐binding proteins is central to the biology of all living organisms. The efficient capture and characterization of relatively weak non‐covalent interactions remains an important challenge in various fields of research. Photoaffinity labeling strategies can create covalent bonds between interacting partners, and photoactive scaffolds such as benzophenone, diazirines and aryl azides have proved widely useful. Since their first introduction, relatively few improvements have been advanced and products of photoaffinity labeling remain difficult to detect. We report a fluorinated azido‐coumarin scaffold which enables photolabeling under fast and mild activation, and which can leave a fluorescent tag on crosslinked species. Coupling this scaffold to an α‐fucoside, we demonstrate fluorogenic photolabeling of glycan‐protein interactions over a wide range of affinities. We expect this strategy to be broadly applicable to other chromophores and we envision that such “fluoro‐crosslinkers” could become important tools for the traceable capture of non‐covalent binding events.
A Binary Silicon‐Centered Organoboron Catalyst with Superior Performance to That of Its Bifunctional Analogue
Authors: Xu Cheng‐Kai , Yang Guan‐Wen , Lu Chenjie , Wu Guang‐Peng
Published: October 2023

This work reported that a silicon‐centered alkyl borane/ammonium salt binary (two‐component) catalyst exhibits much higher activity than its bifunctional analogue (one‐component) for the ring‐opening polymerization of propylene oxide, showing 7.3 times the activity of its bifunctional analogue at a low catalyst loading of 0.01 mol %, and even 15.3 times the activity at an extremely low loading of 0.002 mol %. By using 19F NMR spectroscopy, control experiments, and theoretical calculation we discovered that the central silicon atom displays appropriate electron density and a larger intramolecular cavity, which is useful to co‐activate the monomer and to deliver propagating chains, thus leading to a better intramolecular synergic effect than its bifunctional analogue. A unique two‐pathway initiation mode was proposed to explain the unusual high activity of the binary catalytic system. This study breaks the traditional impression of the binary Lewis acid/nucleophilic catalyst with poor activity because of the increase in entropy.
Green Ether Electrolytes for Sustainable High‐voltage Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Xuemei , Fu Hongwei , Shen Jingyi , Zhang Dianwei , Zhou Jiawan , Tong Chunyi , Rao Apparao M. , Zhou Jiang , Fan Ling , Lu Bingan
Published: October 2023

Ether‐based electrolytes are promising for secondary batteries due to their good compatibility with alkali metal anodes and high ionic conductivity. However, they suffer from poor oxidative stability and high toxicity, leading to severe electrolyte decomposition at high voltage and biosafety/environmental concerns when electrolyte leakage occurs. Here, we report a green ether solvent through a rational design of carbon‐chain regulation to elicit steric hindrance, such a structure significantly reducing the solvent‘s biotoxicity and tuning the solvation structure of electrolytes. Notably, our solvent design is versatile, and an anion‐dominated solvation structure is favored, facilitating a stable interphase formation on both the anode and cathode in potassium‐ion batteries. Remarkably, the green ether‐based electrolyte demonstrates excellent compatibility with K metal and graphite anode and a 4.2 V high‐voltage cathode (200 cycles with average Coulombic efficiency of 99.64 %). This work points to a promising path toward the molecular design of green ether‐based electrolytes for practical high‐voltage potassium‐ion batteries and other rechargeable batteries.
Subrutilane—A Hexacyclic Sesterterpene from Streptomyces subrutilus
Authors: Gu Binbin , Goldfuss Bernd , Schnakenburg Gregor , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: October 2023

Mining of a terpene synthase from Streptomyces subrutilus resulted in the identification of the hexacyclic sesterterpene subrutilane, besides eight pentacyclic side products. Subrutilane represents the first case of a saturated sesterterpene hydrocarbon. Its structure, including the absolute configuration, was unambiguously determined through X‐ray crystallographic analysis and stereoselective deuteration. The cyclisation mechanism to subrutilane and its side products was investigated in all detail by isotopic labelling experiments and DFT calculations. The subrutilane synthase (SrS) also converted (2Z)‐GFPP into one major product. Additional compounds were obtained from the substrate analogues (7R)‐6,7‐dihydro‐GFPP and (2Z,7R)‐6,7‐dihydro‐GFPP with blocked reactivity at the C6−C7 bond. Interestingly, the early steps of the cyclisation cascade with (2Z)‐GFPP and the saturated substrate analogues were analogous to those of GFPP, but then deviations from the natural cyclisation mode occur.
Polymeric organogel as an effective approach for eradication of heavy metal ions As, Pb, Cd, and Cr from the surface of groundwater through adsorption stratagem
Authors: Baruah Kankana , Dutta Riku , Doley Simanta , Sarma Bipul , Dolui Swapan Kumar
Published: October 2023

Excess metal pollutant has affected and caused serious havoc in the lives of terrestrial as well as aquatic beings. The core of this work revolves around eradicating highly toxic heavy metal ions from underground water systems using a cost‐effective, high removal efficiency polymeric adsorbent capable of adsorbing and removing ionic metals whose backbone is composed of a bio‐degradable polymer, polyvinyl alcohol. The obtained adsorbent was characterized using FT‐IR, HNMR, and P‐XRD. Morphological studies were carried out using SEM. Detection and adsorption of metal ions were performed using SEM–EDX and AAS; wherein the adsorbent was found to remove nearly 80% of arsenic ions, 70.5% and 70.7% for lead and chromium ions while 60.7% for cadmium ions, respectively. Further, the kinetics of adsorption along with intraparticle diffusion studies were also performed to determine the mechanism alongside observing the isothermal influence of the sorbent. The adsorption capacity was seen to be highest in arsenic at around 570.42 mg g−1 thus acting as a potential and effective adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from groundwater.
3D pollination biology using micro‐computed tomography and geometric morphometrics in Theobroma cacao
Authors: Wolcott Katherine A. , Stanley Edward L. , Gutierrez Osman A. , Wuchty Stefan , Whitlock Barbara Ann
Published: October 2023

Premise

Imaging technologies that capture three‐dimensional (3D) variation in floral morphology at micro‐ and nano‐resolutions are increasingly accessible. In herkogamous flowers, such as those of Theobroma cacao, structural barriers between anthers and stigmas represent bottlenecks that restrict pollinator size and access to reproductive organs. To study the unresolved pollination biology of cacao, we present a novel application of micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) using floral dimensions to quantify pollinator functional size limits.

Methods

We generated micro‐CT data sets from field‐collected flowers and museum specimens of potential pollinators. To compare floral variation, we used 3D Slicer to place landmarks on the surface models and performed a geometric morphometric (GMM) analysis using geomorph R. We identified the petal side door (an opening between the petal hoods and filament) as the main bottleneck for pollinator access. We compared its mean dimensions with proposed pollinators to identify viable candidates.

Results

We identified three levels of likelihood for putative pollinators based on the number of morphological (body) dimensions that fit through the petal side door. We also found floral reward microstructures whose presence and location were previously unclear.

Discussion

Using micro‐CT and GMM to study the 3D pollination biology of cacao provides new evidence for predicting unknown pollinators. Incorporating geometry and floral rewards will strengthen plant–pollinator trait matching models for cacao and other species.
Methotrexate Safety and Efficacy in Combination Therapies in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lend Kristina , Koopman Frieda A. , Lampa Jon , Jansen Gerrit , Hetland Merete L. , Uhlig Till , Nordström Dan , Nurmohamed Michael , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Rudin Anna , Østergaard Mikkel , Heiberg Marte S. , Sokka‐Isler Tuulikki , Hørslev‐Petersen Kim , Haavardsholm Espen A. , Grondal Gerdur , Twisk Jos W. R. , van Vollenhoven Ronald
Published: October 2023

Objective

We investigated methotrexate safety and the influence of dose on efficacy outcomes in combination with three different biologic treatments and with active conventional treatment (ACT) in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

This post hoc analysis included 812 treatment‐naïve patients with early RA who were randomized (1:1:1:1) in the NORD‐STAR trial to receive methotrexate in combination with ACT, certolizumab‐pegol, abatacept, or tocilizumab. Methotrexate safety, doses, and dose effects on Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) remission were assessed after 24 weeks of treatment.

Results

Compared with ACT, the prevalence of methotrexate‐associated side effects was higher when methotrexate was combined with tocilizumab (hazard ratio [HR] 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–1.84) but not with certolizumab‐pegol (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.79–1.23) or with abatacept (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.75–1.16). With ACT as the reference, the methotrexate dose was significantly lower when used in combination with tocilizumab (β −4.65, 95% CI −5.83 to −3.46; P < 0.001) or abatacept (β −1.15, 95% CI −2.27 to −0.03; P = 0.04), and it was numerically lower in combination with certolizumab‐pegol (β −1.07, 95% CI −2.21 to 0.07; P = 0.07). Methotrexate dose reductions were not associated with decreased CDAI remission rates within any of the treatment combinations.

Conclusion

Methotrexate was generally well tolerated in combination therapies, but adverse events were a limiting factor in receiving the target dose of 25 mg/wk, and these were more frequent in combination with tocilizumab versus ACT. On the other hand, methotrexate dose reductions were not associated with decreased CDAI remission rates within any of the four treatment combinations at 24 weeks.

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Catalyst‐ and Additive‐free, Regioselective 1,6‐Hydroarylation of para‐Quinone Methides with Anilines in HFIP
Authors: Zhu Longzhi , Ren Yining , Liu Xianping , Xu Shipan , Li Tao , Xu Weifeng , Li Zikang , Liu Yu , Xiong Biquan
Published: October 2023

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of diarylmethyl‐functionalized anilines through the hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)‐mediated regioselective 1,6‐hydroarylation reaction of para‐quinone methides (p‐QMs) with anilines under catalyst‐ and additive‐free conditions is reported. Various kinds of p‐QMs and amines (e. g. primary, secondary and tertiary amines) are well tolerated in this transformation without the pre‐protection of amino group, and the corresponding products could be generated with good to excellent yields and satisfactory regioselectivity under the optimized reaction conditions. In addition to adaptable amine compounds, indoles and their derivatives are also compatible with this reaction system. This transformation can be easily extended to a gram scale‐synthesis level to synthesize the target product. Furthermore, it is worth noting that some complex small aniline molecules with biological activity can be selectively modified using this method. The possible reaction mechanism is proposed through the step‐by‐step control experiments and DFT calculations, showing that the key process for achieving the regioselective 1,6‐hydroarylation of p‐QMs is the hydrogen bonding effect of HFIP to substrates.
Response surface methodology use in construction of polianiline‐coated carbon paste electrode–based biosensor: Modification and characterization
Authors: Yağız Esra , Ozyilmaz Gul , Ozyilmaz Ali Tuncay
Published: October 2023

In this study, the effect of amperometric glucose biosensor construction and using conditions on the current response was investigated in detail applying experimental design. Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized on the carbon paste electrode (CPE) surface using the cyclic voltammetry technique in sodium oxalate (NaOx) electrolyte medium, and an amperometric biosensor was constructed by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOD). Biosensor preparation (aniline, GOD and NaOx concentrations, and scan rate) and operating conditions (pH and applied potential) were optimized by Box–Behnken and optimal designs, respectively, via State Ease Design Expert 7.0.1.1 software. ANOVA analyses showed that among the biosensor preparation parameters, the NaOx concentration has the highest effect on the current measured in the presence of glucose, whereas in the optimization of pH and potential parameters applied in current measurement studies, it has been revealed that pH has a very high effect on the measured current. Several compounds, such as MWCNT, two different ionic liquids and two different organic molecules were added to carbon paste, and, among them, 2‐cyanoethylpyrrole (CPy) enhanced the efficacy highly, most probably due to its polymerization in the paste and increasing the electron transfer rate of the CPE. Sucrose‐ and lactose‐sensitive biosensors were also constructed by co‐immobilizing GOD with invertase (INV) or β‐galactosidase, respectively, onto modified CPE, and sensitivities to their substrates were shown by cyclic voltammetry and impedance analysis. CPy modification caused an increase in the current values, and also Imax/KM values increased approximately 11.8, 7.83, and 2.56 times for glucose‐, sucrose‐, and lactose‐sensitive CPEs, respectively.
Fast Charging Lithium Metal Batteries with Liquid and Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Park Kyobin , Song Juyeop , Lee Kyu Tae
Published: October 2023

The advent of fast charging technologies has revolutionized the field of energy storage, promising shorter charging times for lithium metal batteries. However, the pursuit of rapid charging capabilities presents several challenges, primarily due to the formation of lithium dendrites, which in turn, can lead to thermal runaway and safety risks. In this review, we first discuss the growth behavior of lithium metal in both liquid and solid‐state electrolytes. Then, we outline the challenges and recent progress in lithium metal batteries, particularly under fast charging conditions. Furthermore, we present comprehensive summary of the literatures on lithium metal batteries cycled at high current densities, investigating their performance with both liquid and solid‐state electrolytes. Finally, we propose perspectives on various strategies aimed at addressing the challenges associated with lithium metal batteries under fast charging conditions.
Matrix effect in bioanalytical assay development using supercritical fluid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Liuxi , Cui Yuxiang , Dean Brian , Liang Xiaorong
Published: October 2023

Matrix effect (ME) is commonly caused by coelution of compounds with target analytes, resulting in either suppression or enhancement of analyte ionization. Thus, to achieve the desired accuracy, precision, and sensitivity, ME needs to be evaluated and controlled during bioanalytical method development. As the application of supercritical fluid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (SFC‐MS) for analysis of biological samples has increased, ME using SFC‐MS has also been investigated with a focus on the difference in ME in SFC‐MS compared to other chromatographic techniques used for achiral separation in biological samples. Here, we provide a summary of the status of ME evaluation and mitigation in SFC‐MS methods. This review presents an overview of the phenomenon of ME and methods for evaluating ME in bioanalysis. Next, the factors that can impact ME in SFC‐MS‐based bioanalytical methods are discussed in detail with an emphasis on SFC. A literature review of the evaluation of ME in targeted bioanalytical methods using SFC‐MS is included at the end. Robust instrumentation, effective sample preparation, and superb separation selectivity are the foundations of reliable analytical methods as well as the ability to mitigate detrimental ME in SFC‐MS methods.
Erythema multiforme provoked by radiotherapy
Authors: Machoń Natalia Joanna , Lewandowska Julia Alicja , Chojnacka‐Purpurowicz Joanna , Owczarczyk‐Saczonek Agnieszka
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Radiation dermatitis is one of the most common adverse effects that occur in patients treated with radiation therapy. It is usually limited to the irradiated area. However, cases of generalized lesions have also been described in the literature. A rare but highly important cutaneous manifestation can be erythema multiforme‐like lesions localized all over the patient's skin. A 63‐year‐old patient was admitted to the Department of Dermatology for disseminated erythematous lesions localized on the trunk and extremities. The patient denied taking any new medications or dietary supplements. However, he was undergoing radiotherapy treatment. On admission, the patient was in good general condition. During the stay in the department, the patient was treated orally as well as intravenously with corticosteroids, acyclovir, and a topical ointment consisting of gentamicin and betamethasone, as well as hydrocortisone and cooling ointment. After 1 month, a significant improvement in the patient's skin condition was noted. When skin lesions resembling erythema multiforme occur in patients undergoing oncological treatment, radiation therapy should be considered as a potential trigger.
Partially involuting congenital hemangioma with pyogenic granuloma‐induced rapid progression following incisional biopsy in infancy: A case report
Authors: Sasaki Yuki , Ishikawa Kosuke , Miura Takahiro , Funayama Emi , Yamamoto Yuhei , Maeda Taku
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

We present a case of partially involuting congenital hemangioma (PICH) that showed rapid growth with ulceration after incisional biopsy. PICH does not typically grow after birth. However, if growth occurs due to stimuli like biopsy, it is essential to consider the possibility of pyogenic granuloma complication.