bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value of psychotherapeutic self-control in energy saving at experts of dangerous professions
Authors: Соколов Е.Ю. , Адаев А.И. , Фомин А.А. , Магурдумова Л.Г.
Published: December 2020

In article the importance of use of psychotherapeutic actions of self-control by employees of a dangerous profession is stated during the work in emergency situations. The state of health of fighters who before the direction in business trip were trained previously in self-control methods at different stages of performance of a fighting task, with a condition of group of the military personnel who didn’t pass preliminary training in energy saving methods is compared.
LPS-mediated inflammation in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Федотов И.В. , Русецкая Н.Ю. , Бобылева Е.В. , Бородулин В.Б.
Published: December 2020

Возникновение и развитие сердечной недостаточности как проявление атеросклеротического процесса или первичного поражения кардиомиоцитов при кардиомиопатиях может быть связано с накоплением в крови эндотоксинов - компонентов бактериальных клеток, в частности липополисахарида (ЛПС) клеточной стенки грамотрицательных бактерий. ЛПС при связывании с TOLL-подобными рецепторами (TLR) запускают сигнальные пути, вследствие чего происходит синтез провоспалительных цитокинов, выработка активных форм кислорода и азота, развитие окислительного стресса и воспаления в месте атеросклеротического поражения. Активация ЛПС-TLR4-сигнальных путей в тромбоцитах способствует развитию тромбоза. При ишемии миокарда и сердечной недостаточности наблюдается дисбаланс между окислительным стрессом и антиоксидантными механизмами. Миокард имеет эндогенные восстановительные механизмы, в том числе системы тиоредоксина (Trx) и глутатиона (GSH), которые направлены на удаление активных форм кислорода и восстановление окисленных белков, часть из которых участвует в ЛПС-TLR4-сигнальных путях. Например, GSH способен модифицировать адапторный белок MyD88, а Trx является прямым ингибитором протеинкиназы ASK1, способствуя подавлению проапоптотических сигнальных путей во время острого воспаления в кардиомиоцитах. Кроме того, Trx предотвращает дисфункцию митохондрий, увеличивает производство АТФ, ингибирует апоптоз и тем самым оказывает кардиопротекторное действие.

Emergence and development of heart failure as a manifestation of atherosclerotic process or primary lesion to cardiomyocytes in cardiomyopathies can be caused by blood accumulation of endotoxins, components of bacterial cells, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative bacterial cell wall. LPS binding to TOLL-like receptors (TLR) triggers signaling pathways to induce synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and development of oxidative stress and inflammation at the site of atherosclerotic lesion. Activation of LPS-TLR4-signaling pathways in platelets contributes to development of thrombosis. An imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms is observed in myocardial ischemia and heart failure. The myocardium has endogenous restorative mechanisms, including the systems of thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) designed for removing active oxygen species and reducing oxidized proteins, some of which are involved in LPS-TLR4 signaling pathways. For example, GSH is able to modify the adaptor protein MyD88 while Trx is a direct inhibitor of protein kinase ASK1, to facilitate suppression of proapoptotic signaling pathways during acute inflammation in cardiomyocytes. In addition, Trx prevents mitochondrial dysfunction, increases ATP production, inhibits apoptosis and, thereby, exerts a cardioprotective effect.
Effects of new dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors on depressive behavior of mice
Authors: Капица И.Г. , Иванова Е.А. , Воронина Т.А. , Калинина А.П. , Золотов Н.Н. , Позднев В.Ф.
Published: December 2020

Значительная часть пациентов с депрессивными расстройствами имеет признаки нарушения утилизации глюкозы и инсулинорезистентности. Изучается вопрос возможности и перспективности применения инкретин-направленных средств для лечения депрессивных состояний. Целью работы было изучение влияния новых ингибиторов дипептидилпептидазы IV (ДПП-4) на депрессивноподобное поведение аутбредных мышей. Методы. В работе использовали тест «Подвешивание за хвост». Влияние соединений изучали при их однократном или субхроническом внутрибрюшинном введении аутбредным мышам. Результаты. Выявлена выраженная антидепрессивная активность у новых ингибиторов ДПП-4 в тесте «Подвешивание за хвост» у мышей, превосходящая соответствующую активность Ситаглиптина и Вилдаглиптина, что указывает на перспективность использования инкретин-направленных средств для лечения депрессивных состояний.

A large proportion of patients with anxiety-depressive disorders exhibit signs of impaired glucose utilization and insulin resistance. Consequently, incretin-based therapies for the treatment of depressive disorders have attracted considerable attention. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of new dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors on depressive behavior in outbred mice. Methods. The tail suspension test was used. The compounds were administered to outbred mice intraperitoneally either once or subchronically. Results. New DPP4 inhibitors exhibited pronounced antidepressant activity in the tail suspension test in outbred mice exceeding the activity of Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin. The results indicate that incretin-based therapies show promise for the treatment of anxiety-depressive disorders.
Changes in heart rate and blood pressure during the World Ocean flight around the North Pole in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Атьков О.Ю. , Алчинова И.Б. , Полякова М.В. , Панкова Н.Б. , Горохова С.Г. , Сериков В.В. , Карганов М.Ю.
Published: December 2020

Целью настоящего исследования стало комплексное изучение динамики перестроек кардиореспираторной системы за время кругосветного океанического перелета вокруг Северного полюса по Северному Ледовитому океану. Методика. В исследовании приняли участие 6 человек, мужчины в возрасте от 39 до 69 лет. Перелет продолжался 6 недель и проходил на высотах до 3000 м. Оценку показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы проводили при помощи приборного комплекса «спироартериокардиоритмограф» (САКР). Результаты. Оценка динамики показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы методом САКР за время кругосветного перелёта выявила у участников экспедиции снижение стресс-индекса и минимальной длительности межсистолических интервалов. Изучение реактивности показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы при проведении нагрузочных проб показало наличие признаков изменения функционального состояния регуляторных систем.

The aim of this research was a comprehensive study of the dynamics of cardio-respiratory rearrangements during the round-the-World oceanic flight around the North Pole in the Arctic Ocean. Methods. The study involved 6 men aged 39 to 69. The flight lasted for 6 weeks and took place at altitudes up to 3,000 m. Indexes of the cardiovascular system were assessed using the «spiroarteriocardiorhythmograph» (SACR) instrumental complex. Results. Assessment of the dynamics of cardiovascular indexes using the SACR method during the round-the-world flight showed decreases in the stress index and the minimum duration of inter-systolic intervals in participants of the expedition. Studying the reactivity of cardiovascular indexes during exercise tests showed signs of changes in the functional state of regulatory systems.
A screening test for determining the functional activity of the complement system classic pathway
Authors: Шойбонов Б.Б. , Драпкина О.М. , Елиашевич С.О. , Федорович А.А. , Лавренова Е.А. , Карганов М.Ю. , Алчинова И.Б. , Толпыго С.М. , Григорьева Д.В.
Published: December 2020

Цель настоящей работы - разработка доступного теста для скрининга функциональной активности системы комплемента по классическому пути. Материалы и методы. В работе исследовали сыворотки крови 90 относительно здоровых лиц с избыточной массой тела (ИМТ >25) без метаболического синдрома. Иммуноферментный анализ функциональной активности системы комплемента по классическому пути проводили с использованием коммерческого набора. Реакцию лизиса эритроцитов барана, сенсибилизированных антителами (ЕА), оценивали турбидиметрически по снижению оптической плотности суспензии при длине волны 620 нм, степень лизиса определяли по калибровочному графику. Результаты. Разработан простой скрининг-тест для определения функциональной активности классического пути системы комплемента. Корреляционный анализ показал высокую степень сходимости результатов (r = 0,496), полученных разными методами. Заключение. Скрининг-тест для определения функциональной активности классического пути системы комплемента является быстрым, информативным и доступным для рутинных исследований.

The aim of this work was to develop an accessible test for screening the functional activity of the complement system classic pathway. Materials and methods. Blood serum from 90 relatively healthy, overweight (BMI>25) individuals without the metabolic syndrome was studied. Enzyme immunoassay of the complement system functional activity following the classic pathway was performed using a commercial kit. The lysis of antibody-sensitized sheep erythrocytes was evaluated turbidimetrically by a decrease in suspension optical density at a wavelength of 620 nm; the lysis intensity was determined by the calibration curve. Results. A simple screening test was developed to determine the functional activity of the complement classic pathway. A high degree of correlation (r = 0.496) was observed between results obtained by different methods. This screening test for evaluating the functional activity of classic complement system pathway is fast, informative, and available for routine research.
Cloning of S100B cDNA into E. coli under the control of an inducible promoter and its heterologous expression
Authors: Нурбеков М.К. , Терёхина О.Л. , Дмитренко О.П. , Лобанов А.В. , Лобанова Н.Н.
Published: December 2020

В работе разработана стратегия клонирования и экспрессии кДНК S100B с использованием эффективной и многофункциональной онлайн программы Genome compiler на основе векторной системы pBT7-N-His, имеющей промотор РНК-полимеразы фага Т7, участок клонирования и экспрессии с ключевыми элементами контроля и регуляции процессов транскрипции и трансляции. Экспрессия белка S100B подтверждена процедурой SDS-ПААГЭ по молекулярной массе выявленных на электрофорезе полос с динамикой накопления относительно контроля при увеличении времени инкубации после индукции с IPTG. Полученная гетерологичная экспрессия белка S100B с сохранением основных физико-химических свойств и биологической активностью открывает хорошие перспективы его применения в качестве информативного маркера состояний организме в норме и при патологии, и в качестве ценного объекта направленной терапии.

To investigate the structure and functions of the S100B protein in cells and tissues, the heterologous expression of S100B cDNA was studied on E. coli. A strategy for cloning and expression of S100B cDNA was developed using an efficient and multifunctional online program, Genome Compiler, based on a pBT7-N-His vector system, with a which had a phage T7 RNA polymerase promoter and a cloning and expression site with key elements for control and regulation of transcription and translation. The E. coli strain, BL-21 (DE3) containing the DE3 prophage with the T7 RNA polymerase gene under the control of the lac promoter was used for the expression. The expression of S100B protein was confirmed by the SDS-PAGE procedure, and preliminary studies were performed to optimize the expression procedure. The obtained heterologous expression of the protein with preserved basic physicochemical properties and biological activity opens good prospects for using it as an informative marker of the body state in normal and pathological conditions and as a valuable target of therapy.
Analytical and preparative biosynthesis of S100B recombinant protein using the pBT7-N-His vector system and preliminary studies of structure and function of this protein
Authors: Терёхина О.Л. , Нурбеков М.К. , Дмитренко О.П. , Давыдов Д.М.
Published: December 2020

С целью исследований структуры и функций белка S100B в клетке и в тканях был проведен цикл работ по оптимизации экспрессии рекомбинантного белка (рекS100B) в E. coli. Проведены процедуры аналитической экспрессии рекS100B в составе рекомбинантной плазмиды pBT7-N-His-S100B03. При SDS-ПААГЭ лизатов клонов бактерий выявлена четко экспрессирующаяся полоса в 10 кДа, которая была идентифицирована как мономерная форма белка. Перспективы исследований рекS100B связаны с потенциальным его использованием для изучения тонких молекулярных механизмов PPI взаимодействий в системе S100B/RAGE рецептор как ключевого звена передачи сигналов в клетке и организме и в качестве перспективного объекта создания диагностических систем мониторинга состояний организма в норме и при патологии связанной с нарушениями регуляции гена и/или функций S100B белка.

To study structure and functions of the S100B protein in cells and tissues, a series of studies was conducted to optimize the recombinant protein (recS100B) expression in E. coli. Procedures for analytical expression of recS100B in the pBT7-N-His-S100B03 recombinant plasmid were performed. In SDS-PAGE of bacterial clone lysate, a clear 10 kDa band expression was detected, which was identified as a monomeric form of the protein. Prospects for the S100B study are related with its potential use for investigating molecular mechanisms of PPI interactions in the S100B/RAGE system as a key signal transducer in the cell and body and as a promising object for developing diagnostic systems for monitoring the body state in normal and pathological conditions associated with impaired regulation of the gene and/or functions of the S100B protein.
Matrix metalloproteinases: structure, functions and genetic polymorphism
Authors: Шадрина А.С. , Терешкина И.В. , Плиева Я.З. , Кушлинский Д.Н. , Уткин Д.О. , Морозов А.А. , Филипенко М.Л. , Кушлинский Н.Е.
Published: December 2020

Матриксные металлопротеиназы (ММП) - ферменты класса гидролаз, осуществляющие ферментативный катализ с помощью связанного в активном центре иона цинка. Функции ММП разнообразны, и нарушение баланса их активности может быть одним из этиологических факторов различных заболеваний. В данном обзоре рассмотрена классификация ММП человека, особенности их структуры и регуляции, а также роль в физиологических и патологических процессах в организме человека. Приведен перечень наиболее изученных на настоящий момент полиморфных вариантов генов MMП, описаны их функциональные эффекты и представлены результаты ассоциативных исследований.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes of the hydrolase class that carry out enzymatic catalysis with the help of a zinc ion bound in the active center. MMP functions are diverse, and a disturbance in the balance of their activity may be one of the etiological factors of various diseases. In this review, the classification of human MMP, the features of their structure and regulation, as well as the role in physiological and pathological processes in the human body are considered. A list of the most studied polymorphic versions of MMP genes has been given, their functional effects have been described, and the results of associative studies have been presented.
The role of proteolytic enzymes in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Кандалова О.В.
Published: December 2020

В обзоре приводятся данные, касающиеся роли протеаз всех пяти каталитических классов (сериновых, цистеиновых, треониновых, аспартатных и металлопротеиназ) в патогенезе атопического дерматита (АД). Также рассматриваются протеазо-актвированные рецепторы (PARs) и их роль в клинических проявлениях АД.

The review provides data on the role of proteases of all five catalytic classes (serine proteases, cysteine proteases, threonine proteases, aspartate proteases, and metalloproteinases) in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. We also discuss the protease activated receptors (PARs) and its role in the clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis.
Antiproteinuric and nephroprotective activity of some peptide drugs in experimental nephropathy
Authors: Сивак К.В. , Стосман К.И. , Саватеева-Любимова Т.Н. , Петленко С.В.
Published: December 2020

Цель исследования - изучение антипротеинурической и нефропротекторной активности пептидных препаратов при нефропатии на модели экспериментального аутоиммунного нефрита Хейманна. Методы. Данную патологию моделировали на крысах путем введения антигенной суспензии почки материнской особи в полном адъюванте Фрейнда (в/бр). Для оценки эффективности препаратов использовали показатели функции почек и системы иммунитета. Результаты. Препарат эпиталамин обладал наибольшим влиянием на скорость клубочковой фильтрации и величину гематурии, кортексин наиболее эффективно уменьшал протеинурию. Тимодепрессин оказывал наиболее выраженное позитивное влияние на уровень общего белка в крови. Эпиталамин и кортексин в наибольшей степени уменьшали уровень общего холестерина. Эпиталамин и тимодепрессин максимально снижали уровень мочевины. Все исследованные препараты в равной мере приводили к нормализации уровня креатинина, функционального состояния иммунитета, сопоставимо повышали уровень кортизола, сниженный при патологии. Препарат эпиталамин, в отличие от тимодепрессина и кортексина, вызывал частичную нормализацию уровня CD8+ Т-клеток и подавлял продукцию криоглобулинов. Эпиталамин обладал максимальной суммарной эффективностью в отношении показателей эндотоксикоза. Выводы. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о значительной клинической эффективности пептидных биорегуляторов в отношении большинства нарушенных показателей функциональной активности почек и иммунной системы, а также эндотоксикоза.

The aim of the study was to study the antiproteinuric and nephroprotective activity of some peptide drugs using the model of experimental Heymann active nephritis. Methods. Heymann’s active nephritis was modeled on rats by injecting an intraperitoneal antigenic suspension of the mother’s kidney in Freund’s complete adjuvant. To assess the effectiveness of the drugs, indicators of kidney function and immunity system wereused. Results.The epithalamine was shown to bethe most effective drugthat increasedthe glomerular filtrationrate and decreasedthe level of hematuria.Cortexin reduced proteinuria more than the other peptides. The most pronounced positive effect on the level of total protein in the blood was seen withthymodepressin. Epithalamin and cortexin reduced the level of total cholesterol. Epithalamin and timodepressinmaximally decreased the level of urea. All the studied drugs equally led to the normalization of creatinine level and functional immunity, as well as increased the level of cortisol reduced as the result of pathology. Epithalamin normalized the level of CD8+ T-cells and suppressed the production of cryoglobulins. Epithalamin was the most effective drug reducingendotoxicosis. Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrated that the use of peptide bioregulators in the treatment had positive effects on the functional activity of kidneys, the immune system and markers of endotoxicosis.
The gut microbiota resistome provides development of drug resistance in causative agents of human infectious diseases
Authors: Ильина Е.Н. , Олехнович Е.И. , Павленко А.В.
Published: December 2020

С течением времени подходы к изучению резистентности к антибиотикам трансформировались от сосредоточения на выделенных в виде чистой культуры патогенных микроорганизмах к исследованию резистентности на уровне микробных сообществ, составляющих биотопы человека и окружающей среды. По мере того, как продвигается изучение устойчивости к антибиотикам, возникает необходимость использования комплексного подхода для улучшения информирования мирового сообщества о наблюдаемых тенденциях в этой области. Все более очевидным становится то, что, хотя не все гены резистентности могут географически и филогенетически распространяться, угроза, которую они представляют, действительно серьезная и требует комплексных междисциплинарных исследований. В настоящее время резистентность к антибиотикам среди патогенов человека стала основной угрозой в современной медицине, и существует значительный интерес к определению ниши, в которых бактерии могут получить гены антибиотикорезистентности, и механизмов их передачи. В данном обзоре мы рассматриваем проблемы, возникшие на фоне широкого использования человечеством антибактериальных препаратов, в свете формирования микрофлорой кишечника резервуара генов резистентности.

Over the time, studies of antibiotic resistance have transformed from focusing on pathogenic microorganisms isolated as a pure culture to analysis of resistance at the level of microbial communities that constitute human and environmental biotopes. Advancing studies of antibiotic resistance require an integrated approach to enhance availability of information about observed tendencies in this field to the global community. It becomes increasingly obvious that, even though not all resistance genes can geographically and phylogenetically spread, the threat they pose is indeed serious and requires complex interdisciplinary research. Currently, the antibiotic resistance of human pathogens has become a challenge to modern medicine, which is now focusing on determining a potential source for bacterial genes of drug resistance and mechanisms for the gene transmission. In this review, we discussed problems generated by the widespread use of antibacterial drugs in the light of forming a reservoir of resistance genes by gut microflora.
Anti-inflammatory therapy in acute periods of chronic ischemic retinal injury in rats
Authors: Клочихина Е.М. , Гаврилова С.А.
Published: December 2020

Ишемия сетчатки возникает вследствие окклюзии сосудов сетчатки или как осложнение при таких заболеваниях, как диабет, глаукома, и при других патологиях. Ишемическое повреждение связано с развитием воспалительного ответа и активацией каскада арахидоновой кислоты. Цель настоящей работы состояла в изучении влияния блокады каскада арахидоновой кислоты на развитие ишемического повреждения сетчатки глаза крысы. Методы. Ишемию сетчатки моделировали путем двусторонней окклюзии внутренних сонных артерий (ВСА) у крыс-самцов линии Вистар. Через 15 минут после окклюзии ВСА вводили интравитреально (по 2 мкл) лорноксикам (неселективный блокатор циклооксигеназ), триамцинолон (блокатор фосфолипазы А2) и физиологический раствор. Кроме того, через 24 и 48 ч после окклюзии ВСА лорноксикам вводили внутрибрюшинно (230 мкг/кг) и внутримышечно триамцинолон (571 мкг/кг). Офтальмоскопию для оценки состояния глазного дна проводили до операции, через 7, 14, 28, 56 и 180 суток после окклюзии артерий. В аналогичные сроки осуществляли энуклеацию глаз для гистологического исследования. Результаты исследования показали, что лорноксикам обладает пролонгированным протекторным эффектом на ишемизированную сетчатку, в частности, замедляет истончение сетчатки и ограничивает увеличение площади неперфузируемых капиллярных зон. В то же время эффекты триамцинолона были неоднозначными, кратковременными и развивались на фоне ухудшения общего самочувствия животных. Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о возможности применения блокаторов синтеза простагландинов для терапии ишемических заболеваний сетчатки глаза.

Background. Retinal ischemia results from retinal vascular occlusion or develops as a complication of diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, and various neovascular diseases. Ischemic injury is definitely related with an inflammatory response and activation of the arachidonic acid cascade. For this reason, the aim of this study was to examine the course of changes in ischemic injury of rat retina and the effect of blocking the arachidonic acid cascade at early stages. Methods. Retinal ischemia was simulated by bilateral occlusion of internal carotid arteries (ICA) in Wistar male rats. Lornoxicam (non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor), triamcinolone (phospholipase A2 inhibitor), and saline were injected intravitreally at 15 min following ICA bilateral occlusion and intraperitoneally at 24 h and 48 h. The fundus was examined using ophthalmoscopy before the operation and at 7, 14, 28, 56, and 180 days following the occlusion. Enucleation was conducted for histological analysis on the same days. Results. Lornoxicam administered at early stages exerted a long-term protective effect on the ischemic retina. Effects of triamcinolone were controversial, brief, and associated with impaired general state of animals. Therefore, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors might be used as a therapy for retinal ischemic disease.
Monocyte-associated chemokine expression in cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue isolated from operation material in patients during abdominoplasty
Authors: Копасов А.Е. , Блохин С.Н. , Морозов С.Г.
Published: December 2020

Цель работы - изучение взаимосвязи между уровнем хемокинов и интенсивностью воспалительного процесса в подкожно-жировой ткани (ПЖТ) у лиц с ожирением и нормальной массой тела. Задача работы - определение уровня экспрессии хемокинов, сопряженных с моноцитами/макрофагами, и их рецепторов в клетках ПЖТ, выделенных при проведении абдоминопластики. Пациенты. В период с 2013 по 2017 гг. в Клинике пластической и эстетической хирургии проведены операции абдоминопластики у 262 женщин, биологический материал которых использован в работе. Методы. Состав тела и процент жировой массы определяли методом биоимпедансного анализа. Из образцов ПЖТ из операционного материала выделяли клетки, окрашивали их меченными флуоресцеинами антителами к хемокинам и анализировали на проточном цитометре FACSCalibur по программе SimulSet. Статистический анализ проводили по программе ANOVA. Результаты. Показано, что наличие ожирения оказывает влияние на клеточный состав ПЖТ. Экспрессия хемокинов семейства CC, а также рецепторов хемокинов CCR1, CCR2 и CCR5 в ПЖТ у пациентов с ожирением достоверно выше, чем у пациентов с нормальной массой тела. Заключение. Различия в экспрессии хемокинов на клетках ПЖТ у пациентов с ожирением или с нормальной массой тела отражают функциональные особенности ПЖТ и могут оказывать влияние на развитие осложнений после проведения операции абдоминопластики.

AIM: we study the relationship between chemokines and intensity of the inflammatory process in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in individuals with obesity and normal body weight. Objective: we determined the expression levels of chemokines associated with monocyte/macrophages, as well as their receptors on the cells of SAT, that were obtained during abdominoplasty. Patients. In this work we have used the biological material of 262 women to whom has been performed an abdominoplasty in the Clinic of plastic and aesthetic surgery from 2013 to 2017 years. Methods. Body composition and the weight of body fat were determined by bioimpedance analysis. SATs have been obtained during abdominoplasty surgery. SAT cells were isolated followed by the staining with fluoresceine labeled antibodies which fluorescence was analyzed using a flow cytometer FACSCalibur according to the program SimulSet. Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA. Results. It has been shown that the progressing obesity may affect the SAT cellular composition. The expression of chemokines from CC family and its receptors (CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5) on cells from SAT were significantly higher in patients with obesity compared to the normal body weight patients. Conclusions. Differences in the chemokine expression on SAT cells between patients with obesity and with normal body weight may reflect the functional features of SAT itself and can modify the complication developments after abdominoplasty.
The milestones in development of medical experiments. Bioethics
Authors: Копаладзе Р.А.
Published: December 2020

В мире ежегодно используется более 100 миллионов позвоночных животных в научных исследованиях, тестировании лекарств и обучении. Польза, получаемая от использования животных в научных исследованиях, неоспорима, но методы, с помощью которых достигается эта польза, должны быть максимально гуманными. В статье подчёркнута важность соблюдения биоэтических принципов 3Rs (Refinement, Reduction, Replacement) для повышения эффективности и гуманности медицинских экспериментов. Выделены основные моменты становления медицинского эксперимента и принципов биоэтики, обсуждены национальные и международные законодательства и правила, регулирующие использование животных в научных исследованиях.

More than 100 million vertebrates are used in the world annually in scientific research, drug testing and training. The benefits derived from the use of animals in scientific research are undeniable, but the methods by which this benefit is achieved should be as humane as possible. The article emphasizes the importance of observing the bioethical principles of 3Rs (Refinement, Reduction, Replacement) to increase the effectiveness and humanity of medical experiments. The milestones in the development of the medical experiment and the principles of bioethics are singled out; national and international laws and regulations governing the use of animals in scientific research are discussed.
Comentando comentários: questões de texto, género e corpus
Authors: Gonçalves Matilde , Carrilho João
Published: December 2020

Based on the process of constituting a corpus on the practices of commentary, the aim of this paper is to discuss and exemplify some aspects related to the collection and organization of that corpus. In this way, it will be evident that a linear methodology - definition of a corpus, research method, elaboration of the database, cataloguing of the material collected, creation of a search engine - necessary for the study of the comment is a complex task that motivates reflection both on the constitution of a corpus and on the characteristics of genre and text, supported by a heuristic and case-based reasoning methodology.
Verbos copulativos com locativos em Português Europeu e em Língua Gestual Portuguesa
Authors: Morgado Celda , Brito Ana Maria
Published: December 2020

Verbs and their syntactic and semantic properties have been studied in several languages, in different theoretical frameworks. However, as for copulative verbs, studies of Sign Languages are still scarce, mainly of Portuguese Sign Language. Therefore, in this paper, some properties of predicative phrases with adjectives, participles and locatives in European Portuguese and Portuguese Sign Language are studied, comparing them with other Oral Languages, in particular Iberian Romance languages, and also with other Sign Languages. Portuguese Sign Language data seem to indicate that the copulative verb is lexically realized when there is a locative predicate and that with a non-locative predicate a null copula occurs.
Para um perfil do conhecimento gramatical da geração do milénio
Authors: Batalha Joana , Costa Ana Luísa
Published: December 2020

The academic year 2019/20 is marked by the arrival at university of students born in the new millennium. When this generation of students began to ‘learn grammar’ at school, teachers and other specialists were debating the terminology for basic and secondary education and the place of grammar in the curriculum was changing. In this article, we propose to contribute to a description of the knowledge about language to which millennials had access, more than a decade after the Terminological Dictionary (DT) became official (DGE, 2008). Assuming that there is a prescribed curriculum and a real curriculum, we start from the question what is the place of grammar in the curriculum to offer a comparative analysis of the discourse prescribed for the teaching of grammar in official curricular documents approved between 2000/01 and 2019/20. From this analysis, we present an empirical study assessing the grammatical knowledge in European Portuguese of 65 students entering higher education in 2019/20. For this study, we used a diagnostic instrument, assessing knowledge of different grammatical topics, mainly in the domains of morphology and syntax. The results obtained, which update data from previous studies on students’ difficulties in grammar learning, suggest that terminological standardization and changes in the prescribed curriculum have not solved all the problems in the teaching of grammar.
Compreensão de construções passivas em crianças com perturbação do espectro do autismo
Authors: Costa Raquel , Lobo Maria
Published: December 2020

This investigation aims to study the comprehension of passives in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Research on passives is sparse and remains inconclusive. Fourteen Portuguese speaking children with ASD (between ages 7 and 13), including children with low and high non-verbal IQ, were compared to four typically developing (TD) children. The comprehension of various types of passives (short vs long, eventive vs psychological) was assessed via a picture selection task. Most children with ASD showed difficulties with passive constructions as compared to controls and to previous studies with Portuguese TD children. The results are in line with the ones we find in studies with this population conducted in other languages. Furthermore, difficulties with passives were dissociated from nonverbal abilities.
A Benchmark of Popular Free Energy Approaches Revealing the Inhibitors Binding to SARS-CoV2 Mpro
Authors: Ngo Son Tung , Tam Nguyen Minh , Quan Pham Minh , Nguyen Trung Hai
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 pandemic has killed millions of people worldwide since its outbreak in Dec 2019. The pandemic is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus whose main protease (Mpro) is a promising drug target since it plays a key role in viral proliferation and replication. Currently, designing an effective therapy is an urgent task, which requires accurately estimating ligand-binding free energy to the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. However, it should be noted that the accuracy of a free energy method probably depends on the protein target. A highly accurate approach for some targets may fail to produce a reasonable correlation with experiment when a novel enzyme is considered as a drug target. Therefore, in this context, the ligand-binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was calculated via various approaches. The Autodock Vina (Vina) and Autodock4 (AD4) packages were manipulated to preliminary investigate the ligand-binding affinity and pose to the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The binding free energy was then refined using the fast pulling of ligand (FPL), linear interaction energy (LIE), molecular mechanics-Poission Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA), and free energy perturbation (FEP) methods. The benchmark results indicated that for docking calculations, Vina is more accurate than AD4 and for free energy methods, FEP is the most accurate followed by LIE, FPL and MM-PBSA (FEP > LIE ≈ FPL > MM-PBSA). Moreover, the binding mechanism was also revealed by atomistic simulations. The vdW interaction is the dominant factor. The residues Thr26, His41, Ser46, Asn142, Gly143, Cys145, His164, Glu166, and Gln189 are essential elements affecting on the binding process. The benchmark probably guide for further investigations using computational approaches.
An Explanation About Canonical Forms and Real Molecule in Resonance Theory, Through Instructors Own Sketches Analogy
Authors: ahmed faiz
Published: December 2020

In elementary chemistry courses students often demonstrate difficulty with real understanding of Resonance Theory i.e. canonical structure vs. real molecule difference, so unanswered puerile questions during lecture made the subject boring. Particularly students unable to understand the difference between a real microscopic moiety and it’s proposed sketch or model at early stages of their learning. In such situations use of suitable analogy other than the subject area make the teaching more effective. Using an analogy from the daily life act as a powerful tool to explain curious questions efficiently to develop the interest of the students in subject. Sharing of personal experiences and analogies among scientific community is an effective way to spread scientific knowledge magnificently.
Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster Method with Double Electron-Attaching Operators: Theory, Implementation, and Benchmarks
Authors: Gulania Sahil , Kjønstad Eirik Fadum , Stanton John F. , Koch Henrik , Krylov Anna
Published: December 2020

We report a production-level implementation of equation-of-motion coupled-cluster method with double electron- attaching EOM operators of 2p and 3p1h types, EOM-DEA-CCSD. This ansatz, suitable for treating electronic structure patterns that can be described as two-electrons-in-many orbitals, represents a useful addition to EOM-CC family of methods. We analyze the performance of EOM-DEA-CCSD for energy differences and molecular properties. By considering reduced quantities, such as state and transition one-particle density matrices, we can compare EOM-DEA- CCSD wave-functions with wave-functions computed by other EOM-CCSD methods. The benchmarks illustrate that EOM-DEA-CCSD capable of treating diradicals, bond-breaking, and some types of conical intersection.
A Plasmon-Based Nanoruler to Probe the Mechanical Properties of Synthetic and Biogenic Nanosized Lipid Vesicles
Authors: Caselli Lucrezia , Ridolfi Andrea , Cardellini Jacopo , Sharpnack Lewis , Paolini Lucia , Brucale Marco , Valle Francesco , Montis Costanza , Bergese Paolo , Berti Debora
Published: December 2020

Membrane-delimited compartments, as lipid vesicles, are ubiquitous in natural and synthetic systems. The mechanical properties of such vesicles are crucial for several physical, chemical, and biological processes. However, their accurate determination is still challenging and requires sophisticated instruments and data analysis. Here we report the first evidence that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of citrated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) adsorbed on synthetic vesicles is finely sensitive to the vesicles’ mechanical properties. We leverage this finding to demonstrate that the spectrophotometric tracking of the SPR provides quantitative access to the stiffness of vesicles of synthetic and natural origin, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). This plasmon-based “stiffness nanoruler” paves the way for developing a facile, cost-effective, and high-throughput method to assay the mechanical properties of vesicles of nanometric size and unknown composition.
High-Precision Automated Workflow for Urinary Untargeted Metabolomic Epidemiology
Authors: Meister Isabel , Zhang Pei , Sinha Anirban , Sköld C. Magnus , Wheelock Åsa M. , Izumi Takashi , Chaleckis Romanas , Wheelock Craig E.
Published: December 2020

Urine is a non-invasive biofluid that is rich in polar metabolites and well-suited for metabolomic epidemiology. However, due to individual variability in health and hydration status, the physiological concentration of urine can differ >15-fold, which can pose major challenges in untargeted LC-MS metabolomics. Although numerous urine normalization methods have been implemented (e.g., creatinine, specific gravity – SG), most are manual and therefore not practical for population-based studies. To address this issue, we developed a method to measure SG in 96-well-plates using a refractive index detector (RID), which exhibited accuracy within 85-115% and <3.4% precision. Bland-Altman statistics showed a mean deviation of -0.0001 SG units (limits of agreement: -0.0014-0.0011) relative to a hand held refractometer. Using this RID-based SG normalization, we developed an automated LC MS workflow for untargeted urinary metabolomics in 96-well-plate format. The workflow uses positive and negative ionization HILIC chromatography and acquires mass spectra in data independent acquisition (DIA) mode at 3 collision energies. Five technical internal standards (tISs) were used to monitor data quality in each method, all of which demonstrated raw coefficients of variation (CVs) <10% in the quality controls (QCs) and <20% in the samples for a small cohort (n=87 samples, n=22 QCs). Application in a large cohort (n=842 urine samples, n=248 QCs), demonstrated CVQC<5% and CVsamples<16% for 4/5 tISs after signal drift correction by cubic spline regression. The workflow identified >540 urinary metabolites including endogenous and exogenous compounds. This platform is suitable for performing urinary untargeted metabolomic epidemiology and will be useful for applications in population-based molecular phenotyping.
Superphanes: Old Yet New Binding–Agents for Highly Selective Recognition of Fluoride by Size–Sieving Effect
Authors: He Qing , Li Aimin , Xiong Shenglun , Zhou Wei , Zhai Huijuan , Liu Yuanchu
Published: December 2020

Superphanes, namely percyclophanes, have been widely investigated for the sake of their aesthetically pleasing structures with high symmetry, intriguing physical and chemical properties and synthetic challenges. Nonetheless, the host–guest chemistry of superphanes remains to be an unmet challenge. Herein, we delineate the design, preparation, characterization, and host–guest chemistry of an unprecedented superphane 15, which was evidenced by mass spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, X–ray crystallography, and DFT calculations. 15 features six bridges between two benzene planes, up to 18 Csp–H hydrogen–bonding donors well–distributed around the near–closed inner cavity in three dimensions. These allow 15 to exhibit exclusive selectivity towards F– against Cl–, Br–, I–, N3–, SCN–, NO3–, ClO4–, SO42– and HP2O73– due to the size–sieving effect. This contribution opens up new opportunities for design and synthesis of new supramolecular hosts for anions of interest with high selectivity.
Studies on the corrosion resistance of Al7075 / SiC metal matrix composites in an alkaline environment
Authors: Manoharan E K  , Singanan M
Published: December 2020

Metal matrix composites are of interest every day due to their lightweight, improved mechanical properties, and increased corrosion resistance. They are used in the aeronautical, aerospace, marine, and automotive industries. A variety of methods can estimate Their corrosion properties. The open-circuit potential studies are also a tool for evaluating the corrosion of composite materials. This research paper focuses on studying open circuit potential determination of the aluminium 7075 alloys reinforced with silicon carbide particulate in differently concentrated sodium hydroxide solutions. The composite materials were prepared by adding 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weight percentages of silicon carbide to the aluminium base metal liquid melt metallurgy technique (Vortex method). The silicon carbide used as reinforcement in size range of 50 – 80 µm, which is commercially available. The SiC particulates material is had been preheated to 400°C and introduced into the liquid melt of Al7075 at a rate of 100 g/m, under constant agitating condition using a mechanical stirrer system for 3 to 4 minutes. Rectangular specimens of 2 cm length, 1cm width and 1 mm thickness were used for the experiments. 1sq.cm area of the specimens was exposed to sodium hydroxide medium. Open circuit potential experiments test was conducted using a multimeter and calomel electrode system. The potential observed for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% silicon carbide composites were less than the potential of matrix alloy for a range of 30 hours.
MODEL PERANCANGAN TUGAS MENULIS BERBASIS SEMIOTIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN MAHASISWA DI POLITEKNIK NEGERI BALI
Authors: Artha Adnyana Ida Bagus , Darlina Lien , Sumartana I Made
Published: December 2020

Keterampilan menulis aktivitas bisnissangat diperlukansebagaibagian darikemahiranberbahasaIndonesia.  Saat ini kemampuan menulis mahasiswa di Politeknik Negeri Bali masihkurangmemadai. Untukmeningkatkankemampuanmenulis tersebut diperlukankreativitas dosen dalam merancang pengajaran yangtepat.Model perancangan pengajaran menulis berbasis semiotik jarang mendapat sentuhan dari pengajar. Oleh karena itu, pada kajian ini dirancang model perancangan tugas menulis berbasis semiotik yang khusus diperuntukkan bagi mahasiswa di program studi bisnis. Artikelinimembahasbagaimanapenerapan model perancangan tugas menulisberbasis semiotik untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kewirausahaan mahasiswa, khususnya dalam hal menulis aktivitas bisnis.  Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah metode simak, wawancara,dankuesioner kepada147mahasiswa di Jurusan Administrasi Niaga, Politeknik Negeri Bali, tahun 2019/2020. Data yang terkumpul diolah dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan mengacu pada profil kemampuan menulis (ESL composition profile). Hasilpenelitianinimenunjukkanbahwa94,6% responden mengatakanbahwamodel perancangan tugas menulis berbasis semiotik  ini mampu mendukung  pengetahuan kewirausahaan.  Dari  hasil analisis  juga dapat  disimpulkan  bahwa   rata-rata kemampuan menulis mahasiswa dengan menggunakan model perancangan tugas menulis berbasis semiotik sebesar 77,5 yang berarti sudah tergolong dalam kategori baik dengan kisaran tingkat keterbacaan (fog index) antara 10-14.
WACANA BAHASA TULIS DAN HEADLINE ISI BERITA UTAMA DI HARIAN WASPADA
Authors: Tanjung Arianda , Syarfina T.
Published: December 2020

Bahasa tulis dalam berita utama pada media cetak surat kabar menjadi suatu daya tarik bagi pembaca dan kini sudah dapat dilihat melalui online dengan kecanggihan teknologi. Dalam bahasa tulis headline memiliki wacana bahasa dan analisis isi terhadap pembaca. Pasalnya, berita utama merupakan berita yang mendapatkan perhatian lebih dari redaksi sebuah media, sehingga menjadi prioritas dan diletakkan di halaman utama serta mendapatkan tempat khusus karena berada di tengah dan memiliki space yang besar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang wacana bahasa tulis dan komunikasi dalam pemberitaan di media cetak. Objek penelitian yang dilakukan adalah koran harian lokal di Sumatera Utara dan Aceh, Harian Waspada sebagai sampel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wacana bahasa dan analisis isi secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pencatatan data berdasarkan kategorisasi tema-tema berita utama yang telah ditentukan dan dianalisis datanya dengan menggunakan tabel frekuensi. Hasil temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan Harian Waspada memuat beberapa tema-tema berita seputar Covid-19 sebagai berita utama yaitu politik, ekonomi, kesehatan, dan luar negeri.