bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a dual platelet inventory in a tertiary hospital during the COVID‐19 pandemic enabling cold‐stored apheresis platelets for treatment of actively bleeding patients
Authors: Braathen Hanne , Hagen Kristin G. , Kristoffersen Einar K. , Strandenes Geir , Apelseth Torunn O.
Published: June 2022

Background

To increase preparedness and mitigate the risk of platelet shortage without increasing the number of collections, we introduced a dual platelet inventory with cold‐stored platelets (CSP) with 14‐days shelf life for actively bleeding patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Study design and methods

We collected apheresis platelet concentrates with blood type O or A. All patients receiving CSP units were included in a quality registry. Efficacy was evaluated by total blood usage and laboratory analysis of platelet count, hemoglobin, and TEG 6s global hemostasis assay. Feasibility was evaluated by monitoring inventory and a survey among laboratory staff.

Results

From 17 March, 2020, to 31 December, 2021, we produced 276 CSP units and transfused 186 units to 92 patients. Main indication for transfusion was surgical bleeding (88%). No transfusion reactions were reported. 24‐h post‐transfusion patient survival was 96%. Total outdate in the study period was 33%. The majority (75%) of survey respondents answered that they had received sufficient information and training before CSP was implemented. Lack of information about bleeding status while issuing platelets, high workload, and separate storage location was described as main reasons for outdates.

Discussion

CSP with 14‐days shelf life is a feasible alternative for the treatment of patients with bleeding. Implementation of a dual platelet inventory requires thorough planning, including information and training of clinical and laboratory staff, continuous follow‐up of practice and patients, and an easy‐to‐follow algorithm for use of CSP units. A dual platelet inventory may mitigate the risk of platelet shortage during a pandemic situation.
Level of Education in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Obafemi Faith Ayobamidele , Raji Abdulsalam Bolaji
Published: June 2022

Education is one of the most important tools for increasing personal endowments, developing capacities, overcoming limitations, and expanding the set of available possibilities and options for long-term well-being. This study was carried out to compare the level of education of residents of the six area councils of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. A total of 1200 respondents were interviewed in this study. The questionnaire was distributed to 200 respondents in each of the six area councils in the Federal Capital Territory.  Data was collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire and analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square test at 5% (95% Confidence Interval). Focus communities in the study area were selected at random. The result of the current study showed that the study population had attained varying levels of education with 95.7% either doing their undergraduate degree or had already graduated or had attained the postgraduate level, whereas, 4.3% had not attained any form of formal education. The study showed a significant ((p=0.001) association between gender and education specifically in Bwari and Abaji indicating that males had a higher number of respondents who had attained such levels of education as those reported in the current study. Areas, where this was the case, had more rural locations compared to the city center and most developed satellite towns. Religion also played a role in the level of education attained in the current study.
An Empirical Evaluation of the Seafood Exports in the Post-WTO Regime from India and Kerala
Authors: Thomas Pavanam , Shaijumon C. S
Published: June 2022

Seafood export sector is a major trade item in the globalized trade of all commodities.  However, the fishery trade sector witnessed profound changes in the post-WTO period. This is because of the use of several technical and non-tariff trade barriers, which in most cases are stipulated by the importing developed countries. India is a prominent fishery exporting country with a foreign exchange earnings of $ 6.1 billion as per January 2022. State of Kerala is having a good legacy in seafood trade and one of the major fishery’s exporting coastal states of India. The post-WTO period has witnessed many dynamics in the fishery trade both in India and Kerala. The stipulations in the areas of TBT and NTBs and other quality standards have worked as a penumbra in the seafood trade and hence have to search for the traditional to non-traditional and emerging markets with the idea of uninterrupted seafood trade flow. Hence, the article tries to unravel the issues of these in this post WTO period. The article uses the data obtained from the Marine Products Export Development Authority in the form of monthly, quarterly and annual data. Along with this it also uses data from CEPII and UN Comtrade. The result also shows that there is a change from traditional to new markets in some cases, whereas the US and EU still dominate as major importers of the seafood from India and Kerala. The Gravity model explanation is giving a clear espousal that the values under stipulations are significantly related. The instability model also authenticates that there are instabilities in varying proportions from market to market.
The Sacred in Stories Symbol and Stakes of Meaning
Authors: Yacoub Jalila
Published: June 2022

This research paper relates to the short story, genre, charter and categories in which it has flexibility to open up to other types; Rather, in it, there are compatible references in dictionary, different in appearance, which may indicate chaos in the construction and harm the sacred in the essence of its meaning and the regularity of its significance. However, the narration of discourse has also, its system when the text is rendered from the symbol, and the sacred is transformed from its religious reference to an interpretive context in the collective imagination and perception of reality. Storytelling is born from stories in “palimpsests” and contrary to interpretation; the second establishes the model and the first turns to undermining what the “first newspapers” were born on, changes in structure, meaning and words in its lexicon limits to take place in a different view of the universal laws. All this chaos in the system was summed up in a narrative model entitled "Youssef.. The beautiful, perishable little Youssef" by the Syrian writer Zakaria Tamer, from his collection tagged "The Tigers on the Tenth Day"; the choice is justified by the following objectives: 1. Organization of universal texts in religion and culture within a literary genre shorthand is one of its most prominent features; 2.The order and chaos in this story and its semantic dimensions; 3.The logic of construction between the threshold and the text, the scene and the impact and the foundational text and the change of meaning.
Modeling the Dynamics of an American Football and the Stability Due to Spin
Authors: Dzielski John , Blackburn Mark
Published: June 2022

This paper develops a mathematical model describing the motion through the air of an American football. The model is based on established equations used to describe spinning projectiles. While the equations are applicable to general motions, the emphasis of the paper is on the spiral pass and punt. Separate sections introduce formulas for the forces and moments understood to act on spun projectiles. The discussion of each force and moment includes an assessment of how well available experimental data characterizes the force or moment for an American football. For each force or moment, there is a description of how it affects the motion and trajectory. While the equations are valid for arbitrary motions, the available aerodynamic data is not. In parallel with the derivation of the nonlinear mathematical model, a linearized dynamics model is developed. The linearized model is used to help explain the behavior of the nonlinear model and to provide insight into the underlying physics. The linearized model is also used to derive a relationship between linear and angular velocity that ensures that the gyroscopic motion of a football is stable. The paper provides physical insights into what causes the apparent “wobble” of a spiral pass and what the character of the wobble says about the quality of the pass. Among the physical insights provided are the reason some passes have a rapid wobble and some slow, why a pass exhibits a lateral swerve, and why the Magnus effect may be neglected. The results are applicable to rugby footballs.
Controlling the force and the position of acoustic traps with a tunable acoustofluidic chip: Application to spheroid manipulations
Authors: Jeger-Madiot Nathan , Mousset Xavier , Dupuis Chloé , Rabiet Lucile , Hoyos Mauricio , Peyrin Jean-Michel , Aider Jean-Luc
Published: June 2022

A multi-node acoustofluidic chip working on a broadband spectrum and beyond the resonance is designed for cell manipulations. A simple one-dimensional (1D) multi-layer model is used to describe the stationary standing waves generated inside a cavity. The transmissions and reflections of the acoustic wave through the different layers and interfaces lead to the creation of pressure nodes away from the resonance condition. A transparent cavity and a broadband ultrasonic transducer allow the measurement of the acoustic energy over a wide frequency range using particle image velocimetry measurements and the relation between acoustic energy and the particles velocity. The automation of the setup allows the acquisition over a large spectrum with a high frequency definition. The results show a wide continuous operating range for the acoustofluidic chip, which compares well with the 1D model. The variation of the acoustic radiation force when varying the frequency can be compensated to ensure a constant amplitude for the ARF. This approach is finally applied to mesenchymal stem cell (MCS) spheroids cultured in acoustic levitation. The MSC spheroids can be moved and merged just by varying the acoustic frequency. This approach opens the path to various acoustic manipulations and to complex 3D tissue engineering in acoustic levitation.
Data augmentation aided complex-valued network for channel estimation in underwater acoustic orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system
Authors: Zhang Yonglin , Wang Haibin , Li Chao , Meriaudeau Fabrice
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a data augmentation aided complex-valued network is proposed for underwater acoustic (UWA) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) channel estimations, wherein empirical mode decomposition based data augmentation is proposed to solve the current dilemma in the deep learning embedded UWA-OFDM communications: data scarcity and data-sampling difficulties in real-world applications. In addition, the significance of high-frequency component augmentation for the UWA channel and how it positively influences the following model training are discussed in detail and demonstrated experimentally in this paper. In addition, the complex-valued network is specially designed for the complex-formatted UWA-OFDM signal, which can fully utilize the relationship between its real and imaginary parts with half of the spatial resources of its real-valued counterparts. The experiments with the at-sea-measured WATERMARK dataset indicate that the proposed method can perform a near-optimal channel estimation, and its low resource requirements (on dataset and model) make it more adaptable to real-world UWA applications.
Multi-method modeling to predict the onset conditions and resonance of the piezo coupled thermoacoustic engine
Authors: Ahmed Fawad , Yu Guoyao , Luo Ercang
Published: June 2022

This article seeks to perform a combination of methodologies to fully model and evaluate the rudimentary performance of a thermoacoustic engine integrated with a piezoelectric energy harvester (TAP). First, the root locus method was employed to determine the critical design operating values of the thermoacoustic engine. Later, a lumped parameter model was developed as a matlab Simulink program to calculate the transient temperature and pressure responses of the thermoacoustic engine. In addition, a two-element reduced model (executed on matlab) and finite element analysis tools were used to simulate and assess the performance of aluminum-piezo (lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5H) and lead manganese niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT)) disks that are to be integrated with the thermoacoustic engine. Last but most importantly, the piezo-diaphragm and thermoacoustic engine were coupled using the electrical analogy technique through which the onset conditions and resonance frequency of the integrated TAP system were determined. We take a traveling wave thermoacoustic engine and a commercially available piezoelectric disk as a test case for the analysis. It is concluded that the outcomes from the multiple methods are in good agreement with the experimental results.
A centimeter-long bacterium with DNA contained in metabolically active, membrane-bound organelles
Authors: Volland Jean-Marie , Gonzalez-Rizzo Silvina , Gros Olivier , Tyml Tomáš , Ivanova Natalia , Schulz Frederik , Goudeau Danielle , Elisabeth Nathalie H. , Nath Nandita , Udwary Daniel , Malmstrom Rex R. , Guidi-Rontani Chantal , Bolte-Kluge Susanne , Davies Karen M. , Jean Maïtena R. , Mansot Jean-Louis , Mouncey Nigel J. , Angert Esther R. , Woyke Tanja , Date Shailesh V.
Published: June 2022

Cells of most bacterial species are around 2 micrometers in length, with some of the largest specimens reaching 750 micrometers. Using fluorescence, x-ray, and electron microscopy in conjunction with genome sequencing, we characterized
Candidatus
(
Ca.
) Thiomargarita magnifica, a bacterium that has an average cell length greater than 9000 micrometers and is visible to the naked eye. These cells grow orders of magnitude over theoretical limits for bacterial cell size, display unprecedented polyploidy of more than half a million copies of a very large genome, and undergo a dimorphic life cycle with asymmetric segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. These features, along with compartmentalization of genomic material and ribosomes in translationally active organelles bound by bioenergetic membranes, indicate gain of complexity in the
Thiomargarita
lineage and challenge traditional concepts of bacterial cells.
Small-molecule activation of OGG1 increases oxidative DNA damage repair by gaining a new function
Authors: Michel Maurice , Benítez-Buelga Carlos , Calvo Patricia A. , Hanna Bishoy M. F. , Mortusewicz Oliver , Masuyer Geoffrey , Davies Jonathan , Wallner Olov , Sanjiv Kumar , Albers Julian J. , Castañeda-Zegarra Sergio , Jemth Ann-Sofie , Visnes Torkild , Sastre-Perona Ana , Danda Akhilesh N. , Homan Evert J. , Marimuthu Karthick , Zhenjun Zhao , Chi Celestine N. , Sarno Antonio , Wiita Elisée , von Nicolai Catharina , Komor Anna J. , Rajagopal Varshni , Müller Sarah , Hank Emily C. , Varga Marek , Scaletti Emma R. , Pandey Monica , Karsten Stella , Haslene-Hox Hanne , Loevenich Simon , Marttila Petra , Rasti Azita , Mamonov Kirill , Ortis Florian , Schömberg Fritz , Loseva Olga , Stewart Josephine , D’Arcy-Evans Nicholas , Koolmeister Tobias , Henriksson Martin , Michel Dana , de Ory Ana , Acero Lucia , Calvete Oriol , Scobie Martin , Hertweck Christian , Vilotijevic Ivan , Kalderén Christina , Osorio Ana , Perona Rosario , Stolz Alexandra , Stenmark Pål , Berglund Ulrika Warpman , de Vega Miguel , Helleday Thomas
Published: June 2022

Oxidative DNA damage is recognized by 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), which excises 8-oxoG, leaving a substrate for apurinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) and initiating repair. Here, we describe a small molecule (TH10785) that interacts with the phenylalanine-319 and glycine-42 amino acids of OGG1, increases the enzyme activity 10-fold, and generates a previously undescribed β,δ-lyase enzymatic function. TH10785 controls the catalytic activity mediated by a nitrogen base within its molecular structure. In cells, TH10785 increases OGG1 recruitment to and repair of oxidative DNA damage. This alters the repair process, which no longer requires APE1 but instead is dependent on polynucleotide kinase phosphatase (PNKP1) activity. The increased repair of oxidative DNA lesions with a small molecule may have therapeutic applications in various diseases and aging.
Tumor necrosis factor induces pathogenic mitochondrial ROS in tuberculosis through reverse electron transport
Authors: Roca Francisco J. , Whitworth Laura J. , Prag Hiran A. , Murphy Michael P. , Ramakrishnan Lalita
Published: June 2022

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a critical host resistance factor against tuberculosis. However, excess TNF produces susceptibility by increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), which initiate a signaling cascade to cause pathogenic necrosis of mycobacterium-infected macrophages. In zebrafish, we identified the mechanism of TNF-induced mROS in tuberculosis. Excess TNF in mycobacterium-infected macrophages elevates mROS production by reverse electron transport (RET) through complex I. TNF-activated cellular glutamine uptake leads to an increased concentration of succinate, a Krebs cycle intermediate. Oxidation of this elevated succinate by complex II drives RET, thereby generating the mROS superoxide at complex I. The complex I inhibitor metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, prevents TNF-induced mROS and necrosis of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
–infected zebrafish and human macrophages; metformin may therefore be useful in tuberculosis therapy.
Response to Comment on “The early origin of a birdlike inner ear and the evolution of dinosaurian movement and vocalization”
Authors: Hanson Michael , Hoffman Eva A. , Norell Mark A. , Bhullar Bhart-Anjan S.
Published: June 2022

David
et al
. claim that vestibular shape does not reflect function and that we did not use phylogenetic inference methods in our primary analyses. We show that their claims are countered by comparative and direct experimental evidence from across Vertebrata and that their models are empirically unverified. We did use phylogenetic methods to test our hypotheses. Moreover, their phylogenetic correction attempts are methodologically inappropriate.
Global ocean lipidomes show a universal relationship between temperature and lipid unsaturation
Authors: Holm Henry C. , Fredricks Helen F. , Bent Shavonna M. , Lowenstein Daniel P. , Ossolinski Justin E. , Becker Kevin W. , Johnson Winifred M. , Schrage Kharis , Van Mooy Benjamin A. S.
Published: June 2022

Global-scale surveys of plankton communities using “omics” techniques have revolutionized our understanding of the ocean. Lipidomics has demonstrated the potential to add further essential insights on ocean ecosystem function but has yet to be applied on a global scale. We analyzed 930 lipid samples across the global ocean using a uniform high-resolution accurate-mass mass spectrometry analytical workflow, revealing previously unknown characteristics of ocean planktonic lipidomes. Focusing on 10 molecularly diverse glycerolipid classes, we identified 1151 distinct lipid species, finding that fatty acid unsaturation (i.e., number of carbon-carbon double bonds) is fundamentally constrained by temperature. We predict substantial declines in the essential fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid over the next century, which are likely to have serious deleterious effects on economically critical fisheries.
Pathogenicity, transmissibility, and fitness of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in Syrian hamsters
Authors: Yuan Shuofeng , Ye Zi-Wei , Liang Ronghui , Tang Kaiming , Zhang Anna Jinxia , Lu Gang , Ong Chon Phin , Man Poon Vincent Kwok , Chan Chris Chung-Sing , Mok Bobo Wing-Yee , Qin Zhenzhi , Xie Yubin , Chu Allen Wing-Ho , Chan Wan-Mui , Ip Jonathan Daniel , Sun Haoran , Tsang Jessica Oi-Ling , Yuen Terrence Tsz-Tai , Chik Kenn Ka-Heng , Chan Chris Chun-Yiu , Cai Jian-Piao , Luo Cuiting , Lu Lu , Yip Cyril Chik-Yan , Chu Hin , To Kelvin Kai-Wang , Chen Honglin , Jin Dong-Yan , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo
Published: June 2022

The in vivo pathogenicity, transmissibility, and fitness of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant are not well understood. We compared these virological attributes of this new variant of concern (VOC) with those of the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant in a Syrian hamster model of COVID-19. Omicron-infected hamsters lost significantly less body weight and exhibited reduced clinical scores, respiratory tract viral burdens, cytokine and chemokine dysregulation, and lung damage than Delta-infected hamsters. Both variants were highly transmissible through contact transmission. In noncontact transmission studies Omicron demonstrated similar or higher transmissibility than Delta. Delta outcompeted Omicron without selection pressure, but this scenario changed once immune selection pressure with neutralizing antibodies—active against Delta but poorly active against Omicron—was introduced. Next-generation vaccines and antivirals effective against this new VOC are therefore urgently needed.
Getting ahead of climate change for ecological adaptation and resilience
Authors: Moore Jonathan W. , Schindler Daniel E.
Published: June 2022

Changing the course of Earth’s climate is increasingly urgent, but there is also a concurrent need for proactive stewardship of the adaptive capacity of the rapidly changing biosphere. Adaptation ultimately underpins the resilience of Earth’s complex systems; species, communities, and ecosystems shift and evolve over time. Yet oncoming changes will seriously challenge current natural resource management and conservation efforts. We review forward-looking conservation approaches to enable adaptation and resilience. Key opportunities include expanding beyond preservationist approaches by including those that enable and facilitate ecological change. Conservation should not just focus on climate change losers but also on proactive management of emerging opportunities. Local efforts to conserve biodiversity and generate habitat complexity will also help to maintain a diversity of future options for an unpredictable future.
Strengthen climate adaptation research globally
Authors: Magnan Alexandre K. , Anisimov Ariadna , Duvat Virginie K. E.
Published: June 2022

More international incentives and coordination are needed
The matter of a clean energy future
Authors: Turner James Morton
Published: June 2022

A clean energy transition will create jobs, promote energy independence, improve public health, and, ultimately, mitigate climate change. But getting to this new future will require more than just phasing out fossil fuels. The production of a wide range of energy-relevant materials—lithium, cobalt, and nickel for batteries; rare earth elements for wind turbines and electric motors; silicon for solar panels; and copper to expand the electric grid—must be scaled up substantially. Mobilizing these materials without reproducing the environmental harms and social inequities of the fossil fuel status quo poses an urgent challenge.
Out of gas
Authors: Clery Daniel
Published: June 2022

A shortage of tritium fuel may leave fusion energy with an empty tank
Antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2 reveals that Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are antigenically distinct
Authors: Mykytyn Anna Z. , Rissmann Melanie , Kok Adinda , Rosu Miruna E. , Schipper Debby , Breugem Tim I. , van den Doel Petra B. , Chandler Felicity , Bestebroer Theo , de Wit Maurice , van Royen Martin E. , Molenkamp Richard , Oude Munnink Bas B. , de Vries Rory D. , GeurtsvanKessel Corine , Smith Derek J. , Koopmans Marion P. G. , Rockx Barry , Lamers Mart M. , Fouchier Ron A. M. , Haagmans Bart L.
Published: June 2022

The emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants may affect vaccine efficacy substantially. The Omicron variant termed BA.2, which differs substantially from BA.1 based on genetic sequence, is currently replacing BA.1 in several countries, but its antigenic characteristics have not yet been assessed. Here, we used antigenic cartography to quantify and visualize antigenic differences between early SARS-CoV-2 variants (614G, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Zeta, Delta, and Mu) using hamster antisera obtained after primary infection. We first verified that the choice of the cell line for the neutralization assay did not affect the topology of the map substantially. Antigenic maps generated using pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 on the widely used VeroE6 cell line and the human airway cell line Calu-3 generated similar maps. Maps made using authentic SARS-CoV-2 on Calu-3 cells also closely resembled those generated with pseudo-typed viruses. The antigenic maps revealed a central cluster of SARS-CoV-2 variants, which grouped on the basis of mutual spike mutations. Whereas these early variants are antigenically similar, clustering relatively close to each other in antigenic space, Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 have evolved as two distinct antigenic outliers. Our data show that BA.1 and BA.2 both escape vaccine-induced antibody responses as a result of different antigenic characteristics. Thus, antigenic cartography could be used to assess antigenic properties of future SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern that emerge and to decide on the composition of novel spike-based (booster) vaccines.
Functional Characterization of the GlcNAc Catabolic Pathway in Cryptococcus deneoformans
Authors: Ye Leixin , Wang Saisai , Zheng Jiao , Chen Lei , Shen Lan , Kuang Ye , Wang Yuqiong , Peng Yan , Hu Changhua , Wang Linqi , Tian Xiuyun , Liao Guojian
Published: June 2022

N
-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is recognized as not only the building block of chitin but also an important signaling molecule in fungi. The catabolic pathway of GlcNAc also plays an important role in vital biological processes in fungi.
Interplay of CodY and CcpA in Regulating Central Metabolism and Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Bulock Logan L. , Ahn Jongsam , Shinde Dhananjay , Pandey Sanjit , Sarmiento Cleofes , Thomas Vinai C. , Guda Chittibabu , Bayles Kenneth W. , Sadykov Marat R.
Published: June 2022

Staphylococcus aureusis a leading cause of biofilm-associated infections, including infective endocarditis, worldwide. A greater understanding of metabolic forces driving biofilm formation inS. aureusis essential for the identification of novel therapeutic targets and for the development of new strategies to combat this medically important pathogen.
Finding New Fundamental Pieces for the Bacterial Cell Division Puzzle
Authors: Frees Dorte , Ingmer Hanne
Published: June 2022

The division of bacterial cells into two daughter cells requires a precise balance of more than a dozen highly conserved proteins that coordinate chromosome segregation with the synthesis of the novel cell envelope. The paradigms of cell division were established in rod-shaped bacteria and this fundamental process is far less characterized in spherical bacteria.
Antibody and Memory B-Cell Immunity in a Heterogeneously SARS-CoV-2-Infected and -Vaccinated Population
Authors: Bednarski Eva , Del Rio Estrada Perla M. , DaSilva Justin , Boukadida Celia , Zhang Fengwen , Luna-Villalobos Yara A. , Rodríguez-Rangel Ximena , Pitén-Isidro Elvira , Luna-García Edgar , Díaz Rivera Dafne , López-Sánchez Dulce M. , Tapia-Trejo Daniela , Soto-Nava Maribel , Astorga-Castañeda Myriam , Martínez-Moreno José O. , Urbina-Granados Guadalupe S. , Jiménez-Jacinto José A. , Serna Alvarado Francisco J. , Enriquez-López Yerania E. , López-Arellano Oliva , Reyes-Teran Gustavo , Bieniasz Paul D. , Avila-Rios Santiago , Hatziioannou Theodora
Published: June 2022

The majority of studies on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited immunity and immune evasion have focused on single vaccines corresponding to those distributed in high-income countries. However, in low- and middle-income countries, vaccine deployment has been far less uniform.
Draft Genome Sequences of Nine Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolates from a Freshwater Catchment Area in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheung A. C. Y. , Lai G. K. K. , Griffin S. D. J. , Leung F. C. C.
Published: June 2022

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
is a widely distributed, Gram-negative bacillus that is increasingly identified as a multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen of concern. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of nine strains that were isolated from a freshwater catchment area in Hong Kong, corresponding to four different monophyletic lineages within the species.
Complete Genome Sequence of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp.
similipneumoniae
Strain IF3SW-P1, Isolated from the International Space Station
Authors: Sushenko Natasha S. , Singh Nitin K. , Vellone Daniel L. , Tighe Scott W. , Hedlund Brian P. , Venkateswaran Kasthuri , Moser Duane P.
Published: June 2022

The 5.2-Mb circular genome of
Klebsiella quasipneumoniae
subsp.
similipneumoniae
strain IF3SW-P1, isolated from the International Space Station, was sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technologies. The genome lacks a megaplasmid typical of hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant
Klebsiella
strains but does contain a chromosomally encoded OqxAB efflux pump associated with carbapenem resistance.
Contrasting Responses of Multispatial Soil Fungal Communities of Thuja sutchuenensis Franch., an Extremely Endangered Conifer in Southwestern China
Authors: Zuo You-wei , He Ping , Zhang Jia-hui , Li Wen-qiao , Ning Deng-hao , Zeng Yu-lian , Yang Ying , Xia Chang-ying , Zhang Huan , Deng Hong-ping
Published: June 2022

The present study highlights the importance of fungal communities in an endangered plant,
T. sutchuenensis
. Comparative analysis of soil samples in nearly all extant
T. sutchuenensis
populations identified that soil properties, especially soil nutrients, might play critical roles in the survival of
T. sutchuenensis
.
Deep Sequencing of HPV16 E6 Region Reveals Unique Mutation Pattern of HPV16 and Predicts Cervical Cancer
Authors: Ai Wenchao , Wu Chuanyong , Jia Liqing , Xiao Xiao , Xu Xuewen , Ren Min , Xue Tian , Zhou Xiaoyan , Wang Ying , Gao Chunfang
Published: June 2022

The study provides evidence for the first time that HPV16 E6 sequences contain vital mutation features in predicting the high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and can reduce even more unneeded colposcopies without a loss of sensitivity to detect cervical cancer. Moreover, the D32E and H85Y variants of E6 exhibited a significantly higher ability to degrade p53, which may play a vital role in the development of cervical cancer.
Supplemental Material: Development of the Whitehorse trough as a strike-slip basin during Early to Middle Jurassic arc-continent collision in the Canadian Cordillera
Authors: van Drecht L.H. , al. et , Beranek L.P.
Published: June 2022

Table S1: Detrital zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope results and reference material values at Memorial University of Newfoundland. Table S2: Statistical assessments of Laberge Group strata. Table S3: Fossil compilation for Laberge Group strata.
Supplemental Material: A case of Ampferer-type subduction beneath the New Caledonia arc: Evidence for inefficient subduction of hydrated lithologiesinto the upper mantle
Authors: Nicholson Kirsten N. , Abu El-Rus Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Figures S1–S5 and Tables S1–S9.
Diabetic ketoacidosis fluid management in children: systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Hamud Ali Abdalla , Mudawi Khalid , Shamekh Ahmed , Kadri Ayodeji , Powell Colin , Abdelgadir Ibtihal
Published: June 2022

Importance

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus, which may lead to significant morbidity and mortality.

Objectives

To compare the safety and efficacy of liberalised versus conservative intravenous fluid regimens in the management of DKA in children.

Data source and study selection

Databases from inception to January 2022: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were included. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that included children aged under 18 years were assessed. Two reviewers performed data assessment and extraction.

Data extraction and synthesis

Three studies out of 1536 citations were included.

Main outcomes

The time to the recovery from the DKA; the frequency of paeditric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions; development of brain oedema; reduction in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS); development of acute kidney injury and all-cause mortality.

Results

We included three RCTs (n=1457). No evidence of difference was noted in the GCS reduction (risk ratio (RR)=0.77, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.36) or development of brain oedema (RR=0.50, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.68). The time to recovery from DKA was longer in the conservative group (mean difference=1.42, 95% CI 0.28 to 2.56). Time to hospital discharge, adverse or serious adverse events were comparable in the two studied groups.

Conclusion

There is no evidence from this meta-analysis that rate of fluid administration has any effect on adverse neurological and other outcomes or length of hospital stay.
Gender bias in sports medicine: an international assessment of sports medicine physicians’ perceptions of their interactions with athletes, coaches, athletic trainers and other physicians
Authors: Tsukahara Yuka , Novak Melissa , Takei Seira , Asif Irfan M , Yamasawa Fumihiro , Torii Suguru , Akama Takao , Matsumoto Hideo , Day Carly
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the difference between female and male sports medicine physicians regarding disrespectful attitudes and sexual harassment perceived from athletes, coaches, physicians, athletic trainers (ATs) and organisations/administrations.

Methods and study design

anonymous survey was distributed to sports medicine physicians practicing in 51 countries. χ2analysis was used to detect differences between female and male sports medicine physicians and logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent variables that affect disrespectful attitudes and sexual harassment from sports participants.

Results

1193 sports medicine physicians (31.9% female) participated from 51 countries. The survey revealed that female physicians, compared with male physicians, perceive significantly more disrespect or have their judgement questioned more by the following categories: male and female athletes, male and female coaches, female physicians with more years of experience, male physicians (regardless of years of experience), male and female ATs and organisation/administrations (all p<0.05). The only category where the frequency of disrespect was perceived equally by male and female physicians was during their interactions with female physicians who have the same or lesser years of experience. Female sports medicine physicians noted more sexual harassment than male physicians during interactions with male athletes, coaches, ATs and physicians (all p<0.001). In the logistic regression, gender was a related factor for perceiving disrespect, especially from male coaches (OR=2.01) and physicians with more years of experience (OR=2.18).

Conclusions

Female sports medicine physicians around the world experience disrespectful attitudes, questioning of their judgement and are sexually harassed significantly more often than male counterparts.
Industry sponsorship bias in cost effectiveness analysis: registry based analysis
Authors: Xie Feng , Zhou Ting
Published: June 2022

Objective

To assess the association between industry sponsorship (drug, medical device, and biotechnology companies) and cost effectiveness results in cost effectiveness analysis (CEA).

Design

Registry based analysis

Data source

The Tufts Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry was used to identify all CEAs published in Medline between 1976 and 2021.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

CEAs that reported incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) using quality adjusted life year and provided sufficient information about the magnitude or location of the ICER.

Methods

Descriptive analyses were used to describe and compare the characteristics of CEAs with and without industry sponsorship. Logistic regression was used to identify the association between industry sponsorship and the cost effective conclusion using selected threshold values ($50 000 (£40 511; €47 405), $100 000, and $150 000). Robust linear regression was used to assess the association between industry sponsorship and the magnitude of ICER. All regression analyses were adjusted for disease and study design characteristics.

Results

8192 CEAs were eligible and included in the analysis, with 2437 (29.7%) sponsored by industry. Industry sponsored CEAs were more likely to publish ICERs below $50 000 (adjusted odds ratio 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.82 to 2.33), $100 000 (2.95, 2.52 to 3.44), and $150 000 (3.34, 2.80 to 3.99) than non-industry sponsored studies. Among 5877 CEAs that reported positive incremental costs and quality adjusted life years, ICERs from industry sponsored studies were 33% lower (95% confidence interval −40 to −26) than those from non-industry sponsored studies.

Conclusions

Sponsorship bias in CEAs is significant, systemic, and present across a range of diseases and study designs. Use of CEAs conducted by independent bodies could provide payers with more ability to negotiate lower prices. This impartiality is especially important for countries that rely on published CEAs to inform policy making for insurance coverage because of limited capacity for independent economic analysis.
Infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and risk of stroke: pooled analysis of individual patient data of 618 851 women
Authors: Liang Chen , Chung Hsin-Fang , Dobson Annette J , Hayashi Kunihiko , van der Schouw Yvonne T , Kuh Diana , Hardy Rebecca , Derby Carol A , El Khoudary Samar R , Janssen Imke , Sandin Sven , Weiderpass Elisabete , Mishra Gita D
Published: June 2022

Objective

To examine the associations of infertility, recurrent miscarriage, and stillbirth with the risk of first non-fatal and fatal stroke, further stratified by stroke subtypes.

Design

Individual participant pooled analysis of eight prospective cohort studies.

Setting

Cohort studies across seven countries (Australia, China, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States) participating in the InterLACE (International Collaboration for a Life Course Approach to Reproductive Health and Chronic Disease Events) consortium, which was established in June 2012.

Participants

618 851 women aged 32.0-73.0 years at baseline with data on infertility, miscarriage, or stillbirth, at least one outcome event (non-fatal or fatal stroke), and information on covariates were included; 93 119 women were excluded. Of the participants, 275 863 had data on non-fatal and fatal stroke, 54 716 only had data on non-fatal stroke, and 288 272 only had data on fatal stroke.

Main outcome and measures

Non-fatal strokes were identified through self-reported questionnaires, linked hospital data, or national patient registers. Fatal strokes were identified through death registry data.

Results

The median follow-up for non-fatal stroke and fatal stroke was 13.0 years (interquartile range 12.0-14.0) and 9.4 years (7.6-13.0), respectively. A first non-fatal stroke was experienced by 9265 (2.8%) women and 4003 (0.7%) experienced a fatal stroke. Hazard ratios for non-fatal or fatal stroke were stratified by hypertension and adjusted for race or ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, education level, and study. Infertility was associated with an increased risk of non-fatal stroke (hazard ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.20). Recurrent miscarriage (at least three) was associated with higher risk of non-fatal and fatal stroke (1.35, 1.27 to 1.44, and 1.82, 1.58 to 2.10, respectively). Women with stillbirth were at 31% higher risk of non-fatal stroke (1.31, 1.10 to 1.57) and women with recurrent stillbirth were at 26% higher risk of fatal stroke (1.26, 1.15 to 1.39). The increased risk of stroke (non-fatal or fatal) associated with infertility or recurrent stillbirths was mainly driven by a single stroke subtype (non-fatal ischaemic stroke and fatal haemorrhagic stroke), while the increased risk of stroke (non-fatal or fatal) associated with recurrent miscarriages was driven by both subtypes.

Conclusion

A history of recurrent miscarriages and death or loss of a baby before or during birth could be considered a female specific risk factor for stroke, with differences in risk according to stroke subtypes. These findings could contribute to improved monitoring and stroke prevention for women with such a history.
Diagnostic accuracy of CCTA-derived versus angiography-derived quantitative flow ratio (CAREER) study: a prospective study protocol
Authors: Weng Tingwen , Gan Qian , Li Zehang , Guan Shaofeng , Han Wenzheng , Zhai Xinrong , Li Ming , Qi Lin , Li Cheng , Chen Yang , Zhang Liang , Chang Xifeng , Tu Shengxian , Qu Xinkai
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Coronary CT angiography (CCTA)-derived quantitative flow ratio (CT-QFR) is a novel non-invasive technology to assess the physiological significance of coronary stenoses, which enables fast and on-site computation of fractional flow reserve (FFR) from CCTA images. The objective of this investigator-initiated, prospective, single-centre clinical trial is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of CT-QFR with respect to angiography-derived QFR, using FFR as the reference standard.

Methods and analysis

A total of 216 patients who have at least one lesion with a diameter stenosis of 30%–90% in an artery with ≥2.0 mm reference diameter will be enrolled in the study. FFR will be measured during invasive coronary angiography. CT-QFR and QFR will be assessed in two independent core laboratories in a blinded fashion. The primary endpoint is the diagnostic accuracy of CT-QFR in identifying haemodynamically significant coronary stenosis with FFR as the reference standard. The major secondary endpoint is the non-inferiority of CT-QFR compared with QFR in the patients without extensively calcified lesions.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University (2020K192). Outcomes will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at scientific conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT04665817.
Encephalitis: diagnosis, management and recent advances in the field of encephalitides
Authors: Alam Ali M , Easton Ava , Nicholson Timothy R , Irani Sarosh R , Davies Nicholas W S , Solomon Tom , Michael Benedict D
Published: June 2022

Encephalitis describes inflammation of the brain parenchyma, typically caused by either an infectious agent or through an autoimmune process which may be postinfectious, paraneoplastic or idiopathic. Patients can present with a combination of fever, alterations in behaviour, personality, cognition and consciousness. They may also exhibit focal neurological deficits, seizures, movement disorders and/or autonomic instability. However, it can sometimes present non-specifically, and this combined with its many causes make it a difficult to manage neurological syndrome. Despite improved treatments in some forms of encephalitides, encephalitis remains a global concern due to its high mortality and morbidity. Prompt diagnosis and administration of specific and supportive management options can lead to better outcomes. Over the last decade, research in encephalitis has led to marked developments in the understanding, diagnosis and management of encephalitis. In parallel, the number of autoimmune encephalitis syndromes has rapidly expanded and clinically characteristic syndromes in association with pathogenic autoantibodies have been defined. By focusing on findings presented at the Encephalitis Society’s conference in December 2021, this article reviews the causes, clinical manifestations and management of encephalitis and integrate recent advances and challenges of research into encephalitis.
Predictive factors affecting treatment success in ganglion impar block applied in chronic coccygodynia
Authors: Celenlioglu Alp Eren , Sir Ender
Published: June 2022

Background

This study aimed to determine the predictive factors affecting the success of ganglion impar block applied in chronic coccygodynia.

Methods

Patients who received ganglion impar block to treat coccygodynia between January 1, 2018 and January 1, 2021 were retrospectively screened. Of the 195 patients, 102 met the final analysis criteria and were included in the study. Demographic data, coccygodynia etiology, coccygodynia symptom duration, history of coccyx fracture, regular opioid use, and presence of other musculoskeletal chronic pain conditions accompanying coccygodynia were obtained from patient records. In addition, coccyx radiography was examined, and coccyx curvature type, permanent subluxation, and posterior spicule presence were evaluated. The criterion for treatment success was set as ≥50% reduction in Numerical Rating Scale pain scores in the third month after treatment.

Results

Treatment was successful of the patients in 69.6% (95% CI 60.4% to 78.7%). A significant cut-off value (24.5 months) was determined for coccygodynia symptom duration using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Symptom duration above the cut-off value was defined as prolonged symptom duration. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictive factors affecting treatment success in the third month after injection. In the final model, the presence of permanent subluxation (yes vs no), and the prolonged symptom duration (yes vs no) were found to have significant effects on treatment success (OR 9.56, 95% CI 1.44 to 63.40, p=0.02; OR 137.00, 95% CI 19.59 to 958.03, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Treatment success of ganglion impar block for coccygodynia is high. However, longer preprocedure symptom duration and the presence of permanent subluxation were associated with a decrease likelihood of treatment success.
A Transient-Enhanced Low-Dropout Regulator in 0.18-μm CMOS Technology
Authors: Wei Baolin , Li Yuanyuan , Xu Weilin , Wei Xueming , Duan Jihai
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a low-dropout voltage regulator (LDO) with a slew-rate enhancement circuit. The proposed slew-rate enhancement circuit was utilized to generate a large current for driving a large pass transistor and quicker charge and discharge of the parasitic capacitance. Hence, the transient response of the LDO was significantly enhanced owing to the improvement in the slew rate at the gate of the pass transistor. The proposed LDO regulator was designed and fabricated using the SMIC 0.18-[Formula: see text]m standard CMOS process, and its core area occupation was only 0.012[Formula: see text]mm2. The measurement results show that the output overshoot/undershoot voltages and settling times of the proposed LDO with SRE are 190[Formula: see text]mV/267[Formula: see text]ns and 174[Formula: see text]mV/233[Formula: see text]ns when the load current changes between 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]A and 100[Formula: see text]mA. It has a moderate figure-of-merit (FOM) of 0.267[Formula: see text]ns.