bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of the effect of dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator-induced momentum jet parameters on flow control of an oscillating wind turbine airfoil
Authors: Zavarian Zeinab , Abdizadeh G. R. , Noori Sahar
Published: June 2023

Wind turbine blades that undergo pitch-oscillating motion exhibit dynamic stall behavior, deteriorating their aerodynamic performance. In this regard, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators are promising tools for controlling flow by inducing momentum jet flow. Four key parameters typically determine the momentum jet: length, power, angle, and injection location. This paper presents a numerical study that investigates the effect of these parameters on flow control around an SG6042 wind turbine airfoil at a Reynolds number of Rec=1.35×105. For this sake, the study considers various numbers of actuators, force directions, and installation locations. This study utilizes two-dimensional, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the γ–Reθ transition model. The results demonstrate the significant effects of momentum jet parameters on flow control. As the location of single-DBD moves closer to the leading edge, its effectiveness on the low-pressure vortex growth increases, resulting in a smaller vortex and a lower drag coefficient. Furthermore, an increase in the power and length of the jet leads to effective flow control. Vortices on the airfoil's suction surface are recognized as influential factors in the aerodynamic performance. As a result, the co-flow actuator significantly improves the performance of the airfoil by inducing the momentum jet in this region. Flow control is augmented when the actuator is installed at a location with a near-surface jet angle. The leading edge case with a co-flow single-DBD achieves the best control performance. In this instance, the dynamic stall occurs approximately 5% later than in the case of the clean configuration.
Neuromorphic computing devices based on the asymmetric temperature gradient
Authors: Chen H. J. , Chiang C. C. , Cheng C. Y. , Qu D. , Huang S. Y.
Published: June 2023

Neuromorphic computing devices, which emulate biological neural networks, are crucial in realizing artificial intelligence for information processing and decision-making. Different types of neuromorphic computing devices with varying resistance levels have been developed, such as oxide-based memristors caused by ion diffusion, phase transition-based devices caused by threshold switching, progressive crystallization/amorphization, and spintronics-based devices caused by magnetic domain switching. However, these devices face significant challenges, including disruptions in the reading process, limited scalability in integrated circuits, and non-linearity in weight change. To address these challenges, alternative approaches are required. In this study, we introduce a multi-layer-multi-terminal neuromorphic computing device based on the asymmetric temperature gradient. Our device exhibits a wide range of synaptic functions, including potentiation, depression, and both anti-symmetric and symmetric spike-timing-dependent plasticity. The thermal driving strategy offers an energy-efficient platform for future neuromorphic computing devices to achieve artificial intelligence.
Pressure-induced ionic–polaronic–ionic transition in LaAlO3
Authors: Zhao Xingxing , Cai Jinqun , Jiang Dawei , Cao Min , Zhao Lin , Han Yonghao
Published: June 2023

Combining alternate-current impedance spectrum measurement and first-principle calculations, we thoroughly analyzed the electrical transport behavior of LaAlO3 under high pressure. A pressure-induced ionic–polaronic–ionic transition has been discovered through impedance spectroscopy measurements. Through first-principle calculations, we have elucidated the physical origin of the emergence of polaronic conduction, which results from the distortion of electron density background around Al and O atoms. Furthermore, the discontinuous changes in the starting frequency of ion migration fW, relaxation frequency fb, and ionic resistance Ri have been found at around 13.2 GPa, which can be ascribed to the phase transition of LaAlO3 from rhombohedral to cubic phase. Pressure can enhance the migration of O2− ions, causing an increase in the ionic conductivity of LaAlO3. This research will deepen our comprehension on the ion migration in solid electrolytes.
Achieving ultrahigh energy storage density in super relaxor BCZT-based lead-free capacitors through multiphase coexistence
Authors: Bai Yuhan , Ouyang Tao , Guo Qing , Ning Yating , Liu Jiaqi , Wei Hansong , Du Kang , Jing Hongmei , Tian Ye , Pu Yongping
Published: June 2023

Dielectric capacitors own great potential in next-generation energy storage devices for their fast charge-discharge time, while low energy storage capacity limits their commercialization. Enormous lead-free ferroelectric ceramic capacitor systems have been reported in recent decades, and energy storage density has increased rapidly. By comparing with some ceramic systems with fashioned materials or techniques, which lacks repeatability, as reported latterly, we proposed a unique but straightforward way to boost the energy storage capacity in a modified conventional ferroelectric system. Through stoichiometric ratio regulation, the coexistence of the C-phase and T-phase was obtained in 0.85(Ba1-xCax)(ZryTi1-y)O3-0.15BiSmO3-2 wt. % MnO ceramics with x = 0.1 and y = 0.15 under the proof of the combination of Rietveld XRD refinement and transmission electron microscope measurement. The Wrec of 3.90 J/cm3, an excellent value for BCZT-based ceramic at the present stage, was obtained because of the co-contribution of the optimization of electric field distribution and the additional interfacial polarization triggered at the higher electric fields. The finite element simulation and physical deduction, which fits very well with our experimental result, were also performed. As to the practical application, stable performance in a long-time cycle and frequency stability was obtained, and excellent discharge behaviors were also achieved.
Thermophoresis-Brinkman flow of an aerosol particle within a spherical cavity
Authors: Faltas M. S. , Saad E. I.
Published: June 2023

A semi-analytical study is presented for the thermophoretic migration of a spherical particle located at an arbitrary position in a porous medium inside a spherical cavity. A uniformly applied temperature gradient parallel to the line connecting the particle and cavity centers. The porous medium is modeled as a Brinkman fluid with a characteristic Darcy permeability K that can be obtained directly from the experimental data. The porous medium is assumed to be homogenous and isotropic, and the solid matrix is in thermal equilibrium with the fluid through the voids of the medium. The Knudsen number is supposed to be small so that the fluid flow through the porous medium can be described by a continuum model with a temperature jump, a thermal creep, a frictional slip, and thermal stress slip at the surface of the aerosol particle. The Reynolds number of the fluid is assumed to be small enough to justify the use of the Brinkman equation, which is always satisfied because the aerosol particle is so small. The Péclet number for heat transfer in thermophoresis is also assumed to be small. The dimensionless thermophoretic velocity and the mobility coefficients are tabulated and represented graphically for various values of the permeability parameter and relative thermal and surface properties of the particle and cavity. Results are in good agreement with the analytical solution of the particular case of a particle located at the center of the cavity.
General practitioners’ perspectives on discharge summaries from a health network of three hospitals in South Australia
Authors: Scarfo Nicholas L. , Dehghanian Sayeh , Duong Mai , Woodman Richard J. , Shetty Pravin , Lu Henry , Phillips Cameron J.
Published: June 2023

Objectives To explore general practitioners’ perspectives on the discharge summaries they receive about their patients who have been discharged from hospital. Methods A survey of general practitioners in the catchment of a major metropolitan South Australian health service consisting of three teaching hospitals was undertaken. Surveys were disseminated electronically and via hardcopy mailout to general practitioners. The 36-question survey focused on five constructs of discharge summaries: accessibility, length and clarity, format, transparency, and medicines content. Results A total of 150 general practitioners responded (response rate, 27.6%). Respondents were vocationally registered (96%), predominately from metropolitan practices (90.2%), and 65.8% were female. Overwhelmingly, 86.7% of general practitioners stated that the optimal time for receipt of discharge summaries was <48 h post-discharge, and 96.6% considered that late arrival of discharge summaries adversely impacts patient care. The ideal length of discharge summaries was reported as <4 pages by 64% of respondents. A large proportion of respondents (84.6%) would like to be notified when their patients are admitted and discharged from hospital, and 82.7% were supportive of patients receiving their own copy of the discharge summary. A total of 76.7% general practitioners reported that they had detected omissions or discrepancies in the discharge summaries. Provision of rationale for medication changes was viewed as important by 86.7%, however, only 29.3% reported that it is always or often communicated. Conclusions General practitioners supported timely receipt, concise length of discharge summary and format refinement to improve the utility and communication of this important clinical handover from hospital to community care.
Learning to learn by using nonequilibrium training protocols for adaptable materials
Authors: Falk Martin J. , Wu Jiayi , Matthews Ayanna , Sachdeva Vedant , Pashine Nidhi , Gardel Margaret L. , Nagel Sidney R. , Murugan Arvind
Published: June 2023

Evolution in time-varying environments naturally leads to adaptable biological systems that can easily switch functionalities. Advances in the synthesis of environmentally responsive materials therefore open up the possibility of creating a wide range of synthetic materials which can also be trained for adaptability. We consider high-dimensional inverse problems for materials where any particular functionality can be realized by numerous equivalent choices of design parameters. By periodically switching targets in a given design algorithm, we can teach a material to perform incompatible functionalities with minimal changes in design parameters. We exhibit this learning strategy for adaptability in two simulated settings: elastic networks that are designed to switch deformation modes with minimal bond changes and heteropolymers whose folding pathway selections are controlled by a minimal set of monomer affinities. The resulting designs can reveal physical principles, such as nucleation-controlled folding, that enable such adaptability.
Oxidative stress drives mutagenesis through transcription-coupled repair in bacteria
Authors: Carvajal-Garcia Juan , Samadpour Ariana N. , Hernandez Viera Angel J. , Merrikh Houra
Published: June 2023

In bacteria, mutations lead to the evolution of antibiotic resistance, which is one of the main public health problems of the twenty-first century. Therefore, determining which cellular processes most frequently contribute to mutagenesis, especially in cells that have not been exposed to exogenous DNA damage, is critical. Here, we show that endogenous oxidative stress is a key driver of mutagenesis and the subsequent development of antibiotic resistance. This is the case for all classes of antibiotics and highly divergent species tested, including patient-derived strains. We show that the transcription-coupled repair pathway, which uses the nucleotide excision repair proteins (TC-NER), is responsible for endogenous oxidative stress-dependent mutagenesis and subsequent evolution. This suggests that a majority of mutations arise through transcription-associated processes rather than the replication fork. In addition to determining that the NER proteins play a critical role in mutagenesis and evolution, we also identify the DNA polymerases responsible for this process. Our data strongly suggest that cooperation between three different mutagenic DNA polymerases, likely at the last step of TC-NER, is responsible for mutagenesis and evolution. Overall, our work identifies a highly conserved pathway that drives mutagenesis due to endogenous oxidative stress, which has broad implications for all diseases of evolution, including antibiotic resistance development.
The inheritance of social status: England, 1600 to 2022
Authors: Clark Gregory
Published: June 2023

A lineage of 422,374 English people (1600 to 2022) contains correlations in social outcomes among relatives as distant as 4th cousins. These correlations show striking patterns. The first is the strong persistence of social status across family trees. Correlations decline by a factor of only 0.79 across each generation. Even fourth cousins, with a common ancestor only five generations earlier, show significant status correlations. The second remarkable feature is that the decline in correlation with genetic distance in the lineage is unchanged from 1600 to 2022. Vast social changes in England between 1600 and 2022 would have been expected to increase social mobility. Yet people in 2022 remain correlated in outcomes with their lineage relatives in exactly the same way as in preindustrial England. The third surprising feature is that the correlations parallel those of a simple model of additive genetic determination of status, with a genetic correlation in marriage of 0.57.
Choanoflagellates alongside diverse uncultured predatory protists consume the abundant open-ocean cyanobacterium
Prochlorococcus
Authors: Wilken Susanne , Yung Charmaine C. M. , Poirier Camille , Massana Ramon , Jimenez Valeria , Worden Alexandra Z.
Published: June 2023

Prochlorococcus
is a key member of open-ocean primary producer communities. Despite its importance, little is known about the predators that consume this cyanobacterium and make its biomass available to higher trophic levels. We identify potential predators along a gradient wherein
Prochlorococcus
abundance increased from near detection limits (coastal California) to >200,000 cells mL
−1
(subtropical North Pacific Gyre). A replicated RNA-Stable Isotope Probing experiment involving the in situ community, and labeled
Prochlorococcus
as prey, revealed choanoflagellates as the most active predators of
Prochlorococcus
, alongside a radiolarian, chrysophytes, dictyochophytes, and specific MAST lineages. These predators were not appropriately highlighted in multiyear conventional 18S rRNA gene amplicon surveys where dinoflagellates and other taxa had highest relative amplicon abundances across the gradient. In identifying direct consumers of
Prochlorococcus
, we reveal food-web linkages of individual protistan taxa and resolve routes of carbon transfer from the base of marine food webs.
Giant, magnet-free, and room-temperature Hall-like heat transfer
Authors: Xu Liujun , Liu Jinrong , Xu Guoqiang , Huang Jiping , Qiu Cheng-Wei
Published: June 2023

Thermal chirality, generically referring to the handedness of heat flux, provides a significant possibility for modern heat control. It may be realized with the thermal Hall effect yet at the high cost of strong magnetic fields and extremely low temperatures. Here, we reveal magnet-free and room-temperature Hall-like heat transfer in an active thermal lattice composed of a stationary solid matrix and rotating solid particles. Rotation breaks the Onsager reciprocity relation and generates giant thermal chirality about two orders of magnitude larger than ever reported at the optimal rotation velocity. We further achieve anisotropic thermal chirality by breaking the rotation invariance of the active lattice, bringing effective thermal conductivity to a region unreachable by the thermal Hall effect. These results could enlighten topological and non-Hermitian heat transfer and efficient heat utilization in ways distinct from phonons.
Human gut bacteria tailor extracellular vesicle cargo for the breakdown of diet- and host-derived glycans
Authors: Sartorio Mariana G. , Pardue Evan J. , Scott Nichollas E. , Feldman Mario F.
Published: June 2023

Extracellular vesicles are produced in all three domains of life, and their biogenesis has common ancient origins in eukaryotes and archaea. Although bacterial vesicles were discovered several decades ago and multiple roles have been attributed to them, no mechanism has been established for vesicles biogenesis in bacteria. For this reason, there is a significant level of skepticism about the biological relevance of bacterial vesicles.
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
(
Bt
), a prominent member of the human intestinal microbiota, produces significant amounts of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which have been proposed to play key physiological roles. Here, we employed a dual marker system, consisting of outer membrane- and OMV-specific markers fused to fluorescent proteins to visualize OMV biogenesis by time-lapse microscopy. Furthermore, we performed comparative proteomic analyses to show that, in
Bt
, the OMV cargo is adapted for the optimal utilization of different polysaccharides. We also show that a negatively charged N-terminal motif acts as a signal for protein sorting into OMVs irrespective of the nutrient availability. Our results demonstrate that OMV production is the result of a highly regulated process in
Bt
.
Thermoelectric Properties of Hf2−xTixFeNiSb2 double-half Heusler alloys
Authors: Hassan Mohamed Asran , Chernyshova E V , Argunov E V , Khanina A , Karpenkov D , Seredina M , Bochkanov F , Elshamndy Samah K , Gorshenkov M , Voronin A , Khovaylo V , El-Khouly A
Published: June 2023

This work presents experimental investigation of the thermoelectric and structural characteristics of new double half Heusler alloys Hf2-xTixFeNiSb2 (x= 0, 0.15, 0.25 and 0.4). The studied samples were synthesized using different techniques of melt spinning, arc melting and spark plasma sintering. Crystal structure of the studied compounds was examined via x-ray diffraction (XRD). A face centered cubic structure was found to be the dominant crystallization phase. Homogeneity and relatively high density were obtained in the fabricated samples. Thermoelectric properties of the samples were studied over a temperature range from 300 to 800 K. Thermal conductivity was found to be significantly decreased with the Titanium (Ti) doping due to enhanced the phonon scattering. The highest value of the thermoelectric figure of merit was obtained for Hf1.75Ti0.25FeNiSb2 to be 0.28±0.014 at 800 K.
Modeling the dynamics of information propagation in the temporal and spatial environment
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhu Linhe
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we try to establish a non-smooth susceptible–infected–recovered (SIR) rumor propagation model based on time and space dimensions. First of all, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution. Secondly, we divide the system into two parts and discuss the existence of equilibrium points for each of them. For the left part, we define R
0 to study the relationship between R
0 and the existence of equilibrium points. For the right part, we classify many different cases by discussing the coefficients of the equilibrium point equation. Then, on this basis, we perform a bifurcation analysis of the non-spatial system and find conditions that lead to the existence of saddle-node bifurcation. Further, we consider the effect of diffusion. We specifically analyze the stability of equilibrium points. In addition, we analyze the Turing instability and Hopf bifurcation occurring at some equilibrium points. According to the Lyapunov number, we also determine the direction of the bifurcation. When I = I

c
, we discuss conditions for the existence of discontinuous Hopf bifurcation. Finally, through numerical simulations and combined with the practical meaning of the parameters, we prove the correctness of the previous theoretical theorem.
Spin density matrix for
and its polarization alignment in
*
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Song Jiao-Jiao
Published: June 2023

We investigate the spin density matrix of

in the Cartesian coordinate system of baryon-antibaryon pairs produced in

annihilation. Using the helicity formalism of Jacob and Wick, we derive the expression for the spin-3/2 density matrices. Our analysis is based on the angular distribution of the process

in the BESIII experiment. By decomposing the polarization state of

particles along different coordinate axes, we examine the polarization dependence of the cross-section. Our results demonstrate that

particles exhibit varying degrees of tensor polarization along the x-, y-, and z-axes, as well as weak vector polarization and rank-3 tensor polarization along the y-axis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to calculate the polarization dependence of the cross-section distributions for the annihilation process

. Our theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental measurements.
Chemical Characteristics and Plant Growth Regulators of Organic Waste as Liquid Organic Fertilizer
Authors: Siahaan F R , Sembiring M , Hasanah Y , Sabrina T
Published: June 2023

Abundant agricultural waste could be used to improve plant growth. This study was to obtain the nutrient characteristics and plant growth regulators (PGR) of organic waste (eggshells, banana peels, moringa leaves, onion peels, bean sprouts, and banana hump) which have the potential as liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). This research was conducted from July to August 2022 using a descriptive-analytic method. Organic waste was fermented anaerobically. The results showed that nitrogen content in banana peels, moringa leaves, onion peels, bean sprouts, and banana hump required the LOF standard (3-6%) and had the potential to be applied. In addition, eggshells had the highest calcium content (0.149%) compared to other organic wastes. Among the organic wastes, it was found that banana hump, moringa leaves, and onion peels had the highest PGR levels.
Morphology of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Seedlings Under Drought Stress with Oil Palm Shell Ash and Aspergillus niger treatment
Authors: Guntur B , Hanum C , Rahmawati N
Published: June 2023

Climate change is a limiting factor that contributes to weather anomalies such as varying rainfall intensity. Weather abnormalities impact plantation crops, such as oil palm, which are very sensitive to water deficits, and inhibition of growth in the nursery phase reduces seed quality. In an effort to increase the resistance of oil palm seedlings to drought stress, palm shell ash is given because it contains high silicon (Si) ranging from 43% to 63%. Furthermore, the fungus Aspergillus niger is known to decompose and release insoluble silicon into orthosilicic acid into the soil solution, which can be absorbed by plants, This study used randomized block design with two factors drought stress factor with four level field capacity (FC) of 80%, 60%, 40% dan 20%; factor palm oil shell and Aspergillus niger 0, 10, 20, 30 g + 5 ml/polybag. The results showed that the parameter number of Aspergillus niger colonies before and after the drought stress treatment decreased, drought stress was also a significant difference in the parameters of plant height and number of leaves, while the treatment of oil palm shell ash with the addition of Aspergillus niger had no significant effect on plant height parameters and number of leaves of oil palm seedlings.
Economic Loss Value of Human-wildlife Conflict at the Management Section of National Park (MSNP) VI Besitang, Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP)
Authors: Sulistiyono N , Marsudi S , Ahda M , Asmanijar W , Tobing G L , Zahirah A
Published: June 2023

The intensity of wildlife conflicts with humans has recently tended to increase. The conflict between humans and wildlife is a problem that can cause material losses and loss of life. Conflicts can occur because of the lack of food resources in the forest. Another factor is the high rate of land conversion; forest ecosystems are converted into plantation land. This problem is worrying because numerous wild animals descend into human settlement areas to find food and cause conflict with humans. This study was conducted in March 2021 in nine villages around Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP), Management Section of National Park (MNSP) VI Besitang. The purpose of this study was to calculate how much loss was caused by wildlife-human conflicts in the village around the MNSP VI Besitang, GLNP. This study found that conflicts between humans and wildlife are incredibly detrimental. The method used in this research is an open interview with the community and key respondents with purposive sampling, counting crop damage, livestock eaten, harvest failure, building damage, and fatalities caused by human-wildlife conflict. This study also includes the time lost by the community due to the conflict, which differs from similar studies. The study’s results found a value economic loss in Besitang is Rp. 224,254,550 /year.
Phytochemicals and Proximate Analysis of Litsea Cubeba Lour. Barks
Authors: Dalimunthe A , Muhammad M , Waruwu S.B , Rafi M , Kaban V.E , Satria D
Published: June 2023

Indonesia is a country with a lot of spice plant resources. Attarasa (Litsea cubeba L.), which is frequently found in the North Tapanuli area, is one form of spice that can be developed. Attarasa (Litsea cubeba L.) is a Lauraceae plant with varous biological activity such as antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, pesticide, antibacterial, anticancer, and neuropharmacology. An estimation of the nutrient composition, phytochemicals and proximate values of plants gives the idea of their nutritional significance. This study aimed to determine phytochemicals and proximate analysis in Litsea cubeba Lour. barks simplex powder. Analysis of phytochemicals were analyzed with thin layer chromatography (TLC) method and proximate (water and ash content, carbohydrate, protein, crude fiber and total fat) were analyzed based on SNI-01-2891-1992. Alkaloids, steroids/triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides were found in simplex powder. The water content, ash content, carbohydrate, protein, crude fiber and total fat of simple powder were 8.70%; 1.79%; 41.50%; 8.43%; 35.80% and 0.78% respectively. Simplex powder of Litsea cubeba Lour. barks has contained various of phytochemicals and proximate value.
Green-Walkable Infrastructure for Sustainable Development
Authors: Ginting S W , Mardianta A V
Published: June 2023

As a part of implementing a green and sustainable campus, this paper proposes a concept of walkability where the campus’ infrastructure, including buildings and pedestrian paths, must provide walking facilities for students and staff who use pedestrian paths for walking daily. The concept starts by analyzing students’ perceptions of walkability and the basic principle of pedestrian path design. This analysis is developed into a concept named connectedness. It aims to connect buildings and spaces all over the campus so the whole area becomes accessible with the minimum distance of walking. By designing shortcuts, new pedestrian paths, and space for communal activities, the connectedness accommodates students’ needs to walk and socialize safely, comfortably, and attractively as well.
Development of Tourism Area Based on Local Wisdom Based on Evaluation of Regional Development in Karo Regency by Using Quantitative Strategic Planning matrix (QSPM) method
Authors: Hamdani M , Erlina  , Rujiman
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this article is to describe the Karo Regency tourism development plan based on the results of an evaluation of local wisdom-based regional development. For this reason, it is necessary to propose the development of natural tourism areas which of course reduce air pollution and increase natural sustainability, such as large forest parks planted with trees and plants. Quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) with fuzzy numbers is used to determine tourism development priorities. Community based ecotourism (CBET) based on sustainable tourism indicators (IMS). Based on the processing of tourism development priority data where the development of natural tourism potential with a priority value of 0.386. This is in accordance with the topological conditions of the biggest tourism is natural tourism. The next priority is the development of traditional Karo music with a score of 0.375, followed by the development of traditional food with a priority value of 0.371 and finally the development of indigenous peoples’ activities with a priority value of 0.369. Based on the FQSPM analysis, the priorities for developing tourism potential are: 1) Development of tourism potential; 2) The development of traditional music; 3) Development of traditional food; 4) Development of indigenous peoples’ activities.
Development of Superior Plantation Commodities Based on Land Suitability in Pining Sub District Gayo Lues Regency Aceh Province
Authors: Alfiansyah I , Lindawati
Published: June 2023

This study aims to obtain land characteristics and land use directions for the development of superior plantation commodities in the Pining Sub-District. The method used is the survey method. The characteristics for each unit of the land map from the results of overlays (overlapping) become the basis for further analysis to match (matching) the growing conditions of each of these superior commodities. From the results of overlying soil type maps, slope maps, rainfall maps, and altitude maps of places obtained 5 Land Map Units (SPL). SPL1 with an area of 426.5 Ha, SPL 2 318.61 Ha, SPL 3 293.41 Ha, SPL 4 270.58 Ha, and SPL 5 with an area of 200.11 Ha. Cocoa commodities have a potential land suitability class of S2 (quite appropriate) with factors limiting temperature, rainfall, alkaline saturation, pH H2O, and slopes. Meanwhile, coconut commodities have a potential land suitability class of S2 (quite appropriate) with factors limiting temperature, rainfall, alkaline saturation, PH H2O, drainage, texture, and slopes. Furthermore, the direction of land use for the development of agricultural commodities is cocoa with an area of 1,314.25 ha, and coconut commodities with an area of 1,489.11 ha.
The impact of road infrastructure on regional development in South Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Tanjung R P , Purwoko A , Lubis R A
Published: June 2023

Good road network performance can make the economy of an area more developed. Likewise, South Labuhanbatu Regency, which was only formed in 2008, needs to measure the extent of the effectiveness of road infrastructure. This study aims to analyze the performance of road network connectivity and road network relationships in supporting the regional economy. This research was conducted by assessing the Road Infrastructure Index (RPI) and Minimum Service Standards (MSS) and analyzing the relationship with economic performance. The results of the analysis show that the RII value of South Labuhanbatu Regency until 2017 was worth 4.77, entering the medium category. Government spending on road sub-sectors does not have a consistent pattern but has resulted in an RII that has increased since 2013 and the value of GRDP per capita which has also increased every year. For road services, the Accessibility Index has met the MSS, the Mobility Index has not met the MSS, and the accident rate has reached 0.0012/100000km of roads. The government’s expenditure on the road sub-sector each year is insignificant but produces an increasing RII. The construction of road network infrastructure in South Labuhanbatu Regency shows a positive correlation with economic growth.
Study of Community Forest Management (HKm) on Socio-Economic Sustainability in Several Regions of Indonesia
Authors: Latifah S , Yonariza  , Purwanto
Published: June 2023

A community forest (HKm) is a type of state forest that is used primarily to empower communities in and around forest areas and to make sustainable forest management available to nearby communities. The research aims to analyze the benefits of community forestry (HKm) on the socio-economic aspects of the people around the forest. The research method was carried out in several steps, namely, at the initial stage, collecting articles, journals, and scientific articles from various sources and then making a resume on community forest management in several regions of Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that each region has a different focus in terms of orientation and varying degrees of success in HKm management. In general, the practice of community forestry is still more oriented towards short-term economic interests than environmental sustainability. The economic benefit is in the form of increased production, increased income, employment, the development of business opportunities, and business partnerships. The social benefit that occurs is in the form of increased public knowledge of social forestry, which allows the community to manage the forest, change people’s behavior by clearing land without burning, and reinforce the culture of cooperation.
Income, Risks, Economic Efficiency of Rice Business and Economic Sustainability for Rice Farmers in Sambas District
Authors: Burhansyah R , Supriadi K , Kilmanun J C , Dewi D O
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research to appraise the income of rice farming, to set the risk of rice production, examine the degrees of efficiency of rice farming and economic sustainability for rice farmers in Sambas Regency. The primary data used in the research was obtained using a structured questionnaire administered to 60 selected farmers. R / C ratio, coefficient of variation, and the stochastic frontier production function were used to analyze the data. The results exhibited that rice farming in Sambas Regency was profitable with income reaching Rp. 7,696,442/ha. The degree of risk faced by farmers is moderate, which is 0.5. The average levels of technical, allocative, and economic efficiency of rice farming in Sambas District were 0.811, 0.986, and 0.80. This result exhibits that paddy farmers can increase their technical efficiency and allocative efficiency to achieve economically efficient conditions. Efforts to increase higher economic efficiency can be carried out by increasing the use of management as well as improving the level of input allocation used by paying attention to input prices to achieve a minimum cost level.
Identification of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) Morpho-physiological Traits in the Toba Regency
Authors: Setiawan A , Sebayang N U W
Published: June 2023

In Toba, cassava is the third most important crop after food crops (rice and maize) and secondary crops (soybeans and peanuts). Previously, research in Toba Regency had never been conducted on the morphology and physiology of cassava. Various villages infact, in several locations in Toba Regency produce different varieties of cassava. Finally, this research was done. Identifying the morphological, physiological, and related characteristics of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) in Toba Regency is the aim of this study. In October 2018, the research was conducted in Toba Samosir Regency, but in 2020 it has become Toba Regency. Two villages from the same sub-district were chosen as research sites for this study, which was conducted utilizing a descriptor guide and descriptive analytic methods using a sample area in Toba Regency, that are Pintu Bosi and Sidulang. At the research location, seven genotypes of cassava have been identified: G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, and G7. The genotype of G1 and G5 display the Euclidean square values with the lowest values, while G3 and G7 display the greatest values. There are one, two, and three kinship groupings with a disagreement scale of 11%, 17%, and 25% in the dendogram that was created.
Analysis of the Potential of Non-Timber Forest Products at Siarsikarsik Village Forest Management Institute, Lumban Julu Village, Lumban Julu District, Toba Regency
Authors: Jauhari M A , Rahmawaty  , Samsuri
Published: June 2023

Forest utilization through social forestry management within state forest areas is implemented to realize forest sustainability, community welfare, and environmental balance, and accommodate socio-cultural dynamics, requiring approval, recognition, and capacity building for the community. This study aims to analyze the potential of priority Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) at the Siarsikarsik Village Forest Management Institute (LPHD), Pasar Lumban Julu Village, Lumban Julu District, Toba Regency. The research was conducted from August to September 2022 using primary and secondary data. The method used is to conduct a census of the LPHD management population. The data analysis technique uses the stages of reduction, presentation, verification, and conclusion. From the interview results, it was found that the priority NTFP potentials were honey, rattan, incense, sugar palm, and ornamental plants. The obstacle in NTFP management is the low level of human resources and institutional capacity. Capacity building is the main strategy in supporting the development of NTFP management.
Environmental Study for the Conservation of the Simawang Megalitic Site, Lake Singkarak, West Sumatera
Authors: Susilowati N , Setiawan T , Aditya G
Published: June 2023

The Menhir Simawang site is located in the northeastern part of Lake Singkarak on a hillside with residential areas in the valley. The uniqueness of the Menhir Simawang site is located on a hill facing northeast, where Mount Sago is located. This mountain is one of the mountains that was considered sacred in the minds of the Minang people in the past. The aim is to find out in advance the local wisdom of the Simawang people in the past in adapting to their environment. The second utilizes environmental studies for site conservation. This study uses qualitative methods, using inductive reasoning. To sharpen environmental analysis in conservation, primary data (field) and secondary data analysis is carried out through maps. The excavation results show that the menhirs are related to the burial pits which are oriented northeast-southwest. The selection of a burial site on the top of a hill and the division of its terraced space is one of the implementations of the concept and social structure, as well as the beliefs of the Simawang people. The belief that when someone dies, the spirit will return to the top, so to bring it closer to the upper world, it must be placed in a higher place than their settlement. Local wisdom in choosing land as a grave or settlement is a form of human adaptation to the environment. This local wisdom can be a lesson for us today.
The Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Cattle Manure in Increasing the Biomass of Asiatic Pennywort (Centella asiatica L. Urb)
Authors: Vinolina N S , Ginting J , Siagian J B R
Published: June 2023

Asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica L. Urb) is one of the medicinal plants, it had a large spread, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. This study aimed to determine the dose of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF), cattle manure, and their interaction to increase the biomass of asiatic pennywort. This study was conducted at Medan Selayang Sub-district with an altitude ± 25 m ASL from March to May 2022. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD), the first factor was the cattle manure: 0; 3.375; 6.75; and 10.125 tons/ha, and the second factor was the LOF application: 0; 1.5; 3; and 4,5 ml/ l. The data were analyzed by an ANOVA, and the mean was continued by a DMRT at P<0.05. The results showed that the application of cattle manure at a dose of 6.75 to 10.125 tons/ha could be increased the number of leaves and the number of primary tendrils by 40.98% and 35.02%, respectively. The LOF-treated at doses of 3 to 4.5 ml/l could be increased petiole length, number of leaves, and number of primary tendrils were 32.94; 60.49; 64.73%. The K0P2 and K3P3 interactions could be increased stalk length by 93.57% respectively.
The Effect of Changes in Forest Area Designation on a Diversity of Undergrowth Vegetation
Authors: Sidabukke S H , Simarmata M M T , Saragih R , Rasyid F , Aulin F R
Published: June 2023

Biodiversity is a term used for the degree of diversity of living natural resources, including the number and abundance of genes, species, and ecosystems in an area. Consists of various forms of life, their ecological role, and the diversity of germplasm contained therein. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of changes in forest area designation on the diversity of understorey species. Data analysis used the method of placing plots in the lane using the plotted path method, with a plot area of 2 m x 2 m, by recording all understorey plants from sprouts to a seedling height of no more than 1.5 m. And also using the analysis of the important value index (INP) and species diversity. The results obtained from this study can be concluded that the species diversity in plantation forests is 3.470, in protected areas is 3.525 and in natural forests is 3.093. This shows that there is no serious effect on plant species diversity because the species diversity obtained shows results that are not much different between plantation forests, protected areas, and natural forests.
Amelioration of Peat Soil for Changes in C/N Levels through Palm Oil Empty Bunch Ash Utilization in Mucuna Bracteata Plantatione
Authors: Charloq  , Simbolon P E , Vinolina N S
Published: June 2023

Peat soil-based utilization of sustainable agriculture through amelioration technology of organic waste material from palm oil empty bunch ash supports the growth of Mucuna bracteate. This study aims to determine whether giving palm oil an empty bunch of ash effect the Mucuna bracteata growth and changes in C/N levels in peat soil. The research design used was A Completely Randomized Non-Factorial Design with four replications and five levels of treatment with palm oil bunch ash, namely: P0 = 0 kg/ha (Control), P1 = 25 g/polybag (5000 kg/ha), P3 = 75 g/polybag (15000 kg/ha), P2 = 50 g/polybag (10000 kg/ha), P4 = 100 g/polybag (20000 kg/ha). Parameters observed were tendril length, leaves number, wet crown weight, shoot dry weight, root wet weight, root dry weight, and C/N ratio media gowing. The results showed Palm oil empty bunch ash at a dose of 50 g/polybag (10000 kg/ha) was significantly beneficial in increasing the growth of Mucuna bracteata until the age of 3 months by influencing changes in C/N levels of peat soil planted with Mucuna bracteata which had a strong and significant correlation at α = 0.4.
Development of Propolis Fraction from Madu Efi’s Bee Farm
Authors: Mustika S E , Lelo A , Hasibuan P A , Nasution I P , Eyanoer P C , Ichwan M , Effendi R , Mustafa
Published: June 2023

Propolis as natural resources from bee has complex biological and chemical depending the plant around the hives. This study aimed to find out cytotoxic activity of n-hexane fractions of propolis from Madu Efi’s bee farm N-hexane and the maceration method were used to make the fraction. Using the MTT method on WiDr cell lines for 24 and 48 hours, cytotoxic activity was measured. The MTT test showed that the IC50 values for the n-hexane fraction and 5-Fu were 74.16 0.11 g/mL; 54.40 0.78 g/mL for 24 h; and 49.65 1.03 g/mL; 33.86 0.58 g/mL for 48 h. The results show that WiDr cell lines are killed by n-hexane fractions of propolis from MaduEfi’s bee farm. The best time to incubate them is for 48 hours.
The problem with net zero building policy: reflecting on the making, and future, of a global discourse
Authors: Hasan L , Lizarralde G , Lachapelle E
Published: June 2023

The Paris Agreement made net zero emissions a global target. In response, net zero carbon building standards have proliferated, making net zero a popular target for buildings. But to meaningfully contribute to global decarbonization efforts, net zero standards and the organizations who promote them, must be deemed legitimate. Given the building industry’s reputation for being highly fragmented and slow to change, how has this legitimacy been constructed? What are the implications of this legitimation process? This article seeks to answer these questions by exploring the narratives used by the World Green Building Council (WGBC) to legitimate Net Zero Carbon Buildings (NZCB) from 2015 to 2021. Our analysis is based on over 100 documents produced by the WGBC and 22 interviews with WGBC and Green Building Council representatives, policymakers, and industry actors. Results reveal six main storylines adopted by the WGBC to extend the legitimacy of sustainable green building movement actors to the new net zero governance space. This legitimation process allows the WGBC to develop and implement net zero standards quickly, but also creates tensions between efficiency and procedural integrity, potential and proven results, corporate and collective value. While NZCB are here to stay, these tensions highlight barriers to their wide-scale adoption and question their ability to deliver an economically viable, socially just, environmental, net zero transition.
The energy crisis as a challenge of small scale wind energy in urban areas- The case of Greece
Authors: Tzen Eftihia , Rossis Kyriakos , Stefanatos Nikolaos
Published: June 2023

As a result of successive crisis situations, Covid-19 pandemic, war in Ukraine, and the climate change and the short term effects of the energy transition, high energy prices, have brought great concern to the citizens and difficulty to the governments to act immediately and provide solutions and measures. The shift to green energy is becoming more and more necessary at all levels with citizens looking for alternative and economical ways to meet their needs in electrical energy. The use of small wind turbines in an urban environment is promising and constitutes a beneficial alternative under certain circumstances. The purpose of the present work is to deliver a fundamental overview on small wind turbines for small scale applications in or near urban areas, discussing their efficiency, financial and certification issues, and the legislative framework in Greece.