bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INDOMETHACIN AS A RISK FACTOR FOR WORKERS’ HEALTH
Authors: Martynova N. A. , Gorokhova Larisa G. , Shtaiger V. A.
Published: November 2019

Introduction. The toxicity of indomethacin was studied for its hygienic regulation. Material and methods. The toxic properties of indomethacin in the experiments on out-bred and linear mice, rats, Guinea pigs and rabbits contained in standard vivarium conditions and quarantined have been studied. In the experiments, various modes (single, repeated, chronic) and ways of exposure (intragastric, inhalation, epicutaneous) were modeled. The average lethal dose (LD50) of Indomethacin and the threshold of a single acute action (Limac) were determined; irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes, cumulative and allergenic activity were revealed. In subacute and chronic intake to the body, the main target organs were determined on the based of the results of biochemical and hematological studies. Results. DL50 for male rats, females and male mice, when introduced into the stomach, were have been established to be 20, 15 and 25.6 mg/kg respectively. It refers to the substances of hazard class 2. DL50 in the intraperitoneal introduction for the rats accounted for 13.8 mg/kg, for Guinea pigs - 500 mg/kg. The clinical picture of acute poisoning in mice and rats was characterized by low mobility, decreasing breathing, ataxia, muscle relaxation, anorexia, diarrhea, ulceration with the perforation of the intestines, and the death on the 2-4th days after the poisoning. In the experiments on Guinea pigs, the ulcerogenic effect was not detected. Local irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes was not revealed. It has a marked skin-resorptive action causing ulcerogenic effect and the death of the animals after 6 applications. The introduction of verospiron to the rats in a dose of 25 mg/kg simultaneously with the application of indomethacin ointment on the skin prevented the ulcer development in the gastrointestinal tract and the death of the animals. No sensitizing effect was detected. It has an average cumulative ability: the cumulation coefficient amounted to 2.6. In a subacute experiment, there was a decrease in the body temperature and summation-threshold index, an increase in the vertical motor activity and a threshold of pain sensitivity. During the study of blood serum an increase in AcAt activity, a rise of chlorides in the blood serum and their decrease in the urine, and an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in peripheral blood were revealed. In the pathomorphological study, there was an increase in the coefficients of liver mass and ulceration of the stomach and intestines. The threshold of acute inhalation action accounted for 0.52 mg/m3 (by the reduction of the summation-threshold index and the content of sodium and chlorides in the urine). Conclusion. The maximum permissible concentration of indomethacin in the air of the working area was of 0.05 mg/m3 with the mark “special protection of the skin and eyes”, hazard class 1, aerosol.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF EXAMINATION STRESS ON THE INDICES OF THE MENTAL WORKING CAPACITY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Grosheva Ekaterina S. , Sokolova N. V. , Gubina O. I.
Published: November 2019

Introduction. In this study, there were examined features of the impact of exam stress on mental performance and anxiety level in 2-3 year students of medical and pedagogical universities. Materials and methods. The levels of reactive and personal anxiety were studied according to the C. Spielberger anxiety scale adapted by Yu. L. Khanin, attention was assessed using the Pieron-Rüser test, the Bourdon-Anfimov correction test was used to study the level of mental performance, the type of temperament was determined using a two-factor model of extraversion and neuroticism using questionnaire H.J. Eysenck. The study was implemented in two stages: the first stage - during the semester period, and the second stage - during the examination session. For processing the data obtained during the study, a standard statistical software package was used, and correlation analysis was used to identify the relationships between the variables studied. Results. The assessment of situational anxiety in the second stage showed a statistically significant increase in the number of students with high and extremely high levels of anxiety in 24 and 3 respondents from the 1 group respectively (p ≤ 0.05), and 17 and 3 respondents in group 2, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Correlation analysis of the relationship between reactive anxiety and mental performance showed a weak and medium correlation among students in both groups. The attention study in both groups showed that in the second stage of the study, the indices change: in 1 group, the proportion of students with a low level of attention increased to 40%, and in 2 the number of students with low and very low level of attention decreased by 2.77% and 11.08%, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion. Increased study loads and requirements for students were proved to contribute to an increase in the level of reactive anxiety, in the period between sessions indices of mental performance in students decrease, respectively, and the level of attention declines.
SYSTEM OF METABOLISM OF DRINKING WATER AS A METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF ITS MINERAL COMPOSITION
Authors: Trofimovich Evgeny M. , Aizman R. I.
Published: November 2019

The physiological-hygienic system of drinking water metabolism is presented. Drinking water was shown to contain seven vital ions and eight organotrophic-obligate chemical elements as major integral components. Vital ions and water molecules are the main components of water-salt metabolism, are involved in all metabolic processes, including energy metabolism and thermoregulation of the body. Organotropic-obligate chemical elements can enter the composition of enzymes and selectively catalyze enzymatic processes. Circulation of water in the body is carried out both via transcorporal and intracorporal cycles, the adjustable by mechanisms of water-salt metabolism regulation. Transcorporal cycle has a direct relationship with the environment, and the intracorporal cycle is an internal medium. Vital ions and organotrophic-obligate chemical elements in drinking water have a range of hygienic norms that is demonstrated on the example of magnesium.
RISK-ORIENTED APPROACH TO THE QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF WATER SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY
Authors: Rosenthal Oleg M. , Aleksandrovskaya L. N.
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Correct control and assessment of compliance of the composition and properties of drinking water sources with the established safety criteria are necessary conditions for ensuring the quality of life and health of the population in a situation of increasing exposure to chemical factors. Therefore, the most important is to increase the reliability of sanitary and hygienic conclusions. Material and methods. To achieve the goal of the work, there was used the Bayesian approach, methods for checking data homogeneity and evaluation of the measure of the statistical homogeneity. It is shown that the evaluation by Bayes method, requiring consideration of limiting factors, provides a correct solution to the problem of the implementation of the established sanitary and hygienic requirements. Representation of Bayesian relations in the form of estimates of the mixture of distributions allows taking into account the degree of statistical homogeneity of the combined samples, which significantly expands the scope of the method. Although the samples selected for consideration in the simple case can be considered homogeneous in the examples of the assessment of hygienic safety of water, it turned out that the transition from the binomial distribution law to a more strict normal one reduces the risk of accidental error of the desired conclusion. This provides the researcher with the opportunity to use, depending on the requirements for the accuracy of the assessment, different algorithms of a risk-based approach to the assessment of hygienic safety. results. On the example of the study of the water quality in the Verkhny Isetsky Vodokanal recreational area and source of water in Northern part of Ekaterinburg the inclusion of the homogeneity of merged data was shown to allow “forgetting” the earlier information (e.g., 2009) and thus to give more weight to recent data (2010). It is also shown that in this case, the combined estimates with the degree of homogeneity of the data series are not worse than the Bayesian estimates. It is concluded that the lower the degree of uniformity, the faster the above “forgetting” occurs. And the risks of violation of hygienic requirements depend on the choice of the law of distribution of controlled indicators. Conclusion. There was established the possibility of increasing the reliability of sanitary and hygienic conclusions by correctly combining the latest measurement information with outdated data, taking into account their gradual “forgetting”. The developed methods of the used for this risk-based approach can be widely applied to assess the hygienic safety of the population under the influence of a wide range of chemical factors.
TNF-Alfa Inhibitörleri Ile Tedavi Seyrinde Gelişen Alerjik Reaksiyonlar
Authors: BAVBEK Sevim
Published: November 2019

Kronik romatizmal ve alerjik hastalıkların tedavisinde TNF- α inhibitörleri sıklıkla kullanılır. Şu anda kullanımda olan beş TNF-alfa inhibitörü mevcuttur. Bunlar; infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, certolizumab pegol’dür. Bu ilaçlar genelde güvenlidirler ve iyi tolere edilirler ancak sistemik veya lokal enjeksiyon yeri reaksiyonu gibi aşırı duyarlık reaksiyonuna neden olabilirler. Intravenöz veya subkutan ilaç desensitizasyonu bu durumlarda etkin ve güvenli bir tedavi seçeneğidir.
Hipokalemik periyodik paralizi ile başlangıç gösteren primer Sjögren sendromu
Authors: ÖZ Hande Ece , KARA Mete , KARABULUT Gonca , KABASAKAL Yasemin
Published: November 2019

Primer Sjögren sendromu (PSjS) heterojen klinik bulgularla seyreden kronik sistemik otoimmün bir hastalıktır. PSjS’de renal tutulum sıklığı %4.9 ve renal tutulum öncesi ortalama hastalık süresi iki yıl olarak bildirilmiştir. En sık renal tutulum tübülointerstisyel nefrit (TIN) olup daha az sıklıkla glomerülonefrit de görülebilmektedir. TIN bazı hastalarda izole elektrolit bozukluğu, distal renal tübüler asidoz (dRTA) yaparken bazı hastalarda ise son dönem böbrek yetmezliğine yol açabilmektedir (6). dRTA'un ise en sık klinik bulgusu hipokalemik paralizidir, bunun yanında nefrokalsinozis ve metabolik kemik hastalığına da yol açabilir. Bu yazıda PSjS’nin nadir bir başlangıç şekli olan renal tübüler asidoz ve hipokalemik periyodik paralizi olgusunu sunmaktayız
Hastalığı modifiye eden antiromatizmal ilaçlarla etkileşimler bakımından analjezik ilaçların akılcı kullanımı
Authors: ÖNAL Aytül
Published: November 2019

İnflamatuar nitelikli romatizmal hastalıklarda, analjezikler özellikle de NSAİİ’ler “Hastalığı modifiye eden antiromatizmal ilaçlar (Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic drugs; DMARDs)” ile birlikte sıklıkla kullanılan ilaçlardandır. Söz konusu ilaçlar arasındaki etkileşimler ile ilgili yapılmış kontrollü çalışmalar çok değildir ve daha çok metotreksat ve NSAİİ’ler arasındaki etkileşimler ile ilgilidir. Özellikle son yıllarda kullanımı artan biyolojik DMARD’ler ile analjezik ilaçlar arasındaki etkileşmelere yönelik kontrollü araştırmalara büyük ihtiyaç vardır. Derlememizde, DMARD’ler ile analjezik ilaçlar arasındaki etkileşimler bakımından akılcı ilaç kullanımından söz edilmiştir. Bu etkileşimler, proteine bağlanma, renal, gastrointestinal, hematolojik, hepatik fonksiyonlar ve enzim düzeyindeki değişimler ile ilgili alt başlıklar şeklinde sunulmuştur.
Romatizmal hastalıklarda karıştırıcı faktör olarak fibromyalji
Authors: TAŞ Mehmet Nedim , YARGUCU ZİHNİ Figen , OKSEL Fahrettin
Published: November 2019

Fibromiyalji (FM) yorgunluk, kognitif bozukluk, psikiyatrik semptomlar ve çoklu somatik semptomların eşlik ettiği kronik yaygın kas-iskelet ağrısının başlıca nedenlerinden biridir. FM yaygın olarak romatizmal hastalıklara eşlik edebilmekle birlikte, bazen de romatizmal hastalıkları taklit ederek yanlış tanılara yol açabilmektedir. FM’nin tanısı için dikkatli alınmış bir öykü ve detaylı fizik muayene gerekmektedir, hastalığın tanısı için özgül bir laboratuvar testi veya radyolojik görüntüleme yöntemi yoktur. Bu yazıda diffüz idiopatik skeletal hiperostozis (DISH) ve belirlenemeyen bağ doku hastalığına (BDH) eşlik eden, tanı ve tedavi sürecinde güçlük yaşanan bir FM olgusunu sunarak, romatizmal hastalıklara sıklıkla eşlik edebilen FM hastalığına dikkat çekmek istedik
Romatolojik hastalıklarda fibromiyaljinin payı
Authors: ON Arzu
Published: November 2019

Fibromiyalji sendromu (FMS), kronik yaygın kas-iskelet ağrısı, yaygın hassas noktalar, multipl somatik ve bilişsel problemlerle karakterize, spesifik laboratuvar ve görüntüleme bulgusu olmayan klinik bir sendromdur. Kronik romatolojik hastalıklarda FMS prevalansının genel popülasyona göre daha yüksek olduğu gösterilmiştir. Komorbid FMS hastalık aktivite skorlarının yükselmesine, dolayısıyla romatolojik hastalığın şiddetinin yanlış değerlendirilmesine ve gereksiz tedavilerin verilmesine neden olabilir. Bu nedenle eşlik eden FMS’nun tanınması, romatolojik hastalığın optimal tedavisi için önem taşır. Komorbid FMS olan olgularda hastalık aktivite göstergeleri dikkatle yorumlanmalı, objektif klinik ölçütler göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu derlemede, değişik romatolojik hastalıklarda komorbid FMS prevalansı, patofizyolojisi ve altta yatan inflamatuvar hastalık üzerindeki etkileri gözden geçirilecektir.
İnflamatuar miyozitler: İdiyopatik mi? Çakışma mı? Paraneoplastik mi?
Authors: CAN Gerçek
Published: November 2019

İnflamatuar miyozitler temel olarak kas inflamasyonu ile karakterize, bunun yanında cilt, akciğer, kalp, gastrointestinal sistem gibi ekstramusküler tutulum yapabilen heterojen bir grup hastalıktır. Proksimal kas güçsüzlüğü, kas enzim yüksekliği, elektromiyografide miyopatik patern, kas biyopsisinde tipik histolojik bulgular, dermatomiyozitte tipik deri lezyonları ile karakterizedir. İnflamatuar miyozitler, yeni miyozit spesifik otoantikorlar, histopatolojik gelişmeler, sınıflandırma kriterlerinin ışığında; dermatomiyozit, immün aracılı nekrotizan miyopati, overlap miyozit (antisentetaz sendromunu içeren), sporodik inklüzyon cisimcikli miyozit, amiyopatik dermatomiyozit, polimiyozit, kanser ilişkili miyozit olmak üzere alt gruplara ayrılabilir
Psoriatik artritin tedavisinde yeni ilaçların karşılaştırması
Authors: YARGUCU ZİHNİ Figen
Published: November 2019

Psoriatik artrit (PsA), periferik artrit, spondilit, entezit, daktilit, deri ve göz tutulumu, metabolik sendrom ve kardiovasküler iskemik hastalıklar gibi sistemik özelliklerin olduğu artiküler ve ekstraartiküler klinik belirtilerle karakterize bir hastalıktır. Farklı klinik belirtileri olan bir hastalık olduğu için PsA’te klinik belirtilere göre farklı tedavi kombinasyonlarının saptanmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Heterojen bir hastalık olan PsA’te tedavi kişiselleştirilmelidir
Perfil de la nueva generación de élites empresariales de Monterrey: actores de la filantropía de tercer nivel
Authors: García Justicia Javier José
Published: November 2019

Las grandes problemáticas del México del siglo XXI han despertado entre las principales élites empresariales una conciencia de la necesidad de cambiar la forma de entender su rol social. Estos retos han provocado un interesante  proceso de metamorfosis entre los perfiles empresariales clásicos centrados en el capital económico y la generación de riqueza, y los perfiles de las nuevas élites donde se antepone una cultura responsable y comprometida socialmente, potenciando el surgimiento de una filantropía de tercer piso, mucho más allá de la los modelos de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa, de las Fundaciones Empresariales, o de ser simplemente banca de segundo piso.

Uno de los principales impulsores de esta nueva cultura empresarial es el Grupo empresarial Nuevo León, la élite entre las élites empresariales de México, quién ha generado otra forma de entender el rol de estas élites. Una élite que ha sabido capitalizar su capacidad de liderazgo como agentes de cambio social  y su potencial de influencia, siendo generadora e impulsora de cambios sociales de raíz y de largo alcance, en alianza con el gobierno y la sociedad civil.
Aproximación metodológica a la temporalidad de la acción social: inmigrantes andinos en Madrid
Authors: Ruiz Blázquez Juan José
Published: November 2019

Las categorías de espacio y tiempo, que kant define como las categorías a priori de la sensibilidad, son en realidad categorías sociales (...). Se hacen necesarias por tanto, nuevas formas de conceptualizar el tiempo, para poder narrar y expresar tales acontecimientos de otra manera (...)
Arturo Rodríguez Morató y Álvaro Santana Acuña. La nueva sociología de las artes. Una perspectiva hispanohablante y global. Barcelona: Gedisa. 2017. 366 pp.
Authors: Havas Adam
Published: November 2019

El libro La Nueva sociología de las artes: una perspectiva hispanohablante y global editado por Arturo Rodríguez Morató y Álvaro Santana Acuña puede entenderse como una respuesta contemporánea a los dinamismos culturales escritos por representantes de la nueva sociología de las artes que tienen en común estar establecidos en el mundo académico internacional. Como los discursos internacionales de la disciplina apenas trascendieron al mundo científico hispanohablante con la excepción de figuras canónicas como Bourdieu, la visión global aportada por los estudios ofrece un panorama actual y amplio sobre las tendencias de la disciplina.
The Domestic Investment, Local Government Revenue and Government Expenditure in the Education Sector
Authors: Sri Wahyuni Endang , Soejoto Ady , Sakti Norida Canda
Published: November 2019

This research aimed to analyze the effect of domestic investment and local government revenue toward government expenditure in the education sector. This research uses secondary data obtained from Central Bureau of Statistics in Indonesia and Local Educational Balance-Departement of Education and Culture. The analysis technique used is panel data regression analysis with cross section 34 provinces and time series for 2014-2017. The results showed that partially, domestic investment and local government revenue had a significant affect on government expenditure in the education sector. Meanwhile simultaneously, it shows that domestic investment and local government revenue had a significant affect on government expenditure in the education sector. These findings indicate that the level of education expenditure can be influenced by both domestic investment and local government revenue.
Knowledge transfer in Lean management: Experience from Malaysian SME
Authors: Mohd Zahari Fadhilah
Published: November 2019

This study explores how SME develops knowledge transfer in Lean management, particularly the lean tacit knowledge. Lean tacit knowledge is very significant in ensuring the success of lean management implementation, yet the SMEs often found difficulties due to limited capital and resources. A single case study of Malaysian SME in automotive industry was selected for this purpose. Results show that lean training, problem solving using case study, factory visit, sharing of lean database and online learning are the common approaches that used by the studied company in developing the lean tacit knowledge. Moreover, the accomplishment of this knowledge transfer in lean management necessitate strong commitment from the employees and the top management support. This study incorporates some practical implications to the organizations that aims to implement the lean management effectively.
Regional concept for the development of science education in the secondary school of Samarkand region
Authors: Yunusov Kh.B
Published: November 2019

This concept creates favorable conditions for the development and implementation of mechanisms for the development of school science education in Samarkand region of the Republic of Uzbekistan taking into account the programs developed and implemented at the current stage of development of the region. This approach allows us to strengthen the position with staffing for teachers (biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics) of the secondary school and to achieve the integration of rural and city schools to create a single educational space. It will increase the motivation of students and activate the work of teachers of biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics, which will lead to the full formation of the initial stage of professional orientation in the natural sciences
Evaluation of Bismuth-Tin Alloy for Well Plug and Abandonment
Authors: Zhang Hua , Ramakrishnan T. S. , Elias Quincy K. , Perez Albert
Published: November 2019

As an alternative to cement, bismuth-tin alloy (BiSn) containing 58-wt% bismuth (Bi) and 42-wt% tin (Sn) has been proposed for plug and abandonment of offshore wells. Alloy seals are advantageous over cement because they can be significantly shorter, reducing well-abandonment cost. Besides being able to deliver alloy pellets and melt them in situ, adhesion with common lithologies found in hydrocarbon reservoirs is also necessary. In addition, within the likely extremes of stress variability, the bond should be sufficiently strong to withstand the differential pressure across the plug. In this paper, we present a series of tests conducted in our laboratory for evaluating the alloy/rock bond. To overcome the intrinsic lack of chemical affinity and the resulting nonwetting nature of the alloy, we propose capillary intrusion into the porous-network of the rock. Above the capillary entry pressure, penetration distance by intrusion is controlled by available alloy volume. As a function of intrusion, we measure the quality of the bond through shear and tensile tests. Results for rocks, cement, and cement/limestone cores are also reported for comparison. Isolation quality is evaluated through permeability tests, performed both parallel and perpendicular to the macroscopic bond interface. For shale, we propose a surface treatment before plug placement that also prevents plug displacement under differential pressures. Strength is best achieved by straddling permeable media and shale. For deployments within tubing or casing, similar bond-strength evaluations can be conducted.
Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program in the antimicrobial-resistant and prevalence of clostridium difficile infection and amount of antimicrobial consumed in cancer patients
Authors: Mardani Masoud , Abolghasemi Sara , Shabani Shiva
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a hospital antimicrobial stewardship on antimicrobial resistant, clostridium difficile rates and amount of antimicrobial consumed in cancer patients. The intervention effects of ASP plans in 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 were respectively evaluated among hematology/oncology and bone morrow transplant patients in Ayatollah Taleghani University Hospital, Tehran, Iran. In this interventional quasi-experimental study, the ASP repository was utilized to capture four survey questions encompassed in these immunocompromised patients: amount of antibiotics (MPM and VMN) consumption gr-year, number of positive clostridium difficile infection and multidrug resistant positive cases in blood cultures. Results: The number of MDR cases in the time periods of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 were 145 and 75, respectively (p = 0.011). A significant reduction in positive blood cultures from 2017–2018 to 2018–2019 was found (p = 0.001).The amount of MPM prescriptions in 2018–2019 was significantly decreased from 22464 to 17262 g (p = 0.043). The significant reduction in antibiotic consumption, MDR organisms and CDI can highly promote patients’ health and decreasing medical costs and long-term defects for patients. Finally, future stewardship studies should made efforts for joining clinical and epidemiological studies.
Cell-division pattern and phylogenetic position of a new ciliate genus Parasincirra n. g. (Protista, Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), with report of a new soil species, P. sinica n. sp. found from northwest China
Authors: Ma Jiyang , Zhao Yan , Zhang Tengyue , Shao Chen , Al-Rasheid Khaled A.S. , Song Weibo
Published: November 2019

Background Ciliated species, unicellular eukaryotes, are extremely diverse and occupy a very broad spectrum of ecological niches. Even though there is a growing recognition that enormous ciliates associates with key ecosystem processes in different niches, their diversity is not well understood. One reason is that ciliates are very tiny and may often be overlooked in routine biodiversity survey. Furthermore, the morphological and genetic diversity of ciliates per se is vast and dwarfs that among other multicellular eukaryotes. A new stichotrichid ciliate, Parasincirra sinica n. g., n. sp. is based on classical living morphology, infraciliature, ontogenesis analyses and a comprehensive phylogenetic studies, and enhance understanding of ciliates diversity in sludge soil.Results This new, monotypic genus is defined by having a bipartite adoral zone of membranelles, three frontal cirri, an amphisiellid median cirral row about as long as, or slightly longer than, the adoral zone, one short frontoventral cirral row, cirrus III/2 and transverse cirri present, buccal cirrus and caudal cirri absent, one right and one left marginal row and three dorsal kineties. The morphogenetic features are: (1) five frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen (excluding undulating membranes anlage) are formed in primary mode; (2) the amphisiellid median cirral row is formed by anlagen V and VI, while the frontoventral row is generated from anlage IV; (3) cirral streaks IV to VI generate one transverse cirrus each; (4) frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage II generates one or two cirri, while the posterior one will be absorbed in late stages, that is, no buccal cirrus is formed; (5) the posterior part of the parental adoral zone of membranelles is renewed; (6) dorsal morphogenesis follows a typical Gonostomum -pattern; and (7) the macronuclear nodules fuse to form a single mass. Based on the SSU rDNA information, analyses of the phylogenetic relationship inferred from Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses were unable to outline the exact position of this new form among some other species of related genera which are generally assigned in the family Amphisiellida. The morphological/ morphogenetical differences between the new genus/species and other amphisiellids, clearly support the validity of the establishment of this new genus Parasincirra .
Leishmania infection induces a limited differential gene expression in the sand fly midgut
Authors: Coutinho-Abreu Iliano V. , Serafim Tiago D. , Meneses Claudio , Kamhawi Shaden , Oliveira Fabiano , Valenzuela Jesus G.
Published: November 2019

Background: Phlebotomine sand flies are the vectors of Leishmania worldwide. To develop in the sand fly midgut, Leishmania multiplies and undergoes multiple stage differentiations leading to the infective form, the metacyclic promastigotes. To gain a better understanding of the influence of Leishmania infection in midgut gene expression, we performed RNA-Seq comparing uninfected Lutzomyia longipalpis midguts and Leishmania infantum-infected Lutzomyia longipalpis midguts at seven time points which cover the various developmental Leishmania stages including early time points when blood digestion is taking place and late time points when the parasites are undergoing metacyclogenesis. Results: Out of over 13,841 transcripts assembled de novo, only 113 sand fly transcripts, about 1%, were differentially expressed. Further, we observed a low overlap of differentially expressed sand fly transcripts across different time points suggesting a specific influence of each Leishmania stage on midgut gene expression. Two main patterns of sand fly gene expression modulation were noticed. At early time points (days 1-4), more transcripts were down-regulated by Leishmania infection at large fold changes (> -32 fold). Among the down-regulated genes, the transcription factor Forkhead/HNF-3 and hormone degradation enzymes were differentially regulated on day 4 and appear to be the upstream regulators of nutrient transport, digestive enzymes, and peritrophic matrix proteins. Conversely, at later time points (days 6 onwards), most of the differentially expressed transcripts were up-regulated by small fold changes (< 32 fold), and the molecular function of such genes are associated with the metabolism of lipids and detoxification of xenobiotics (P450). Conclusion: Overall, it appears that Leishmania modulates sand fly gene expression early on in order to overcome the barriers imposed by the midgut, yet it behaves like a commensal at later time points, when modest midgut gene expression changes correlate with a massive amount of parasites in the anterior midgut.
Transcriptome analysis reveals differential immune related genes expression in Ruditapes philippinarum under hypoxia stress: Potential HIF and NF-κB crosstalk in immune responses in clam
Authors: Nie Hongtao , Wang Huamin , Jiang Kunyin , Yan Xiwu
Published: November 2019

Background: Hypoxia is an important environmental stressor in aquatic ecosystems, with increasingly impacts on global biodiversity. Benthic communities are the most sensitive parts of the coastal ecosystem to eutrophication and resulting hypoxia. As a filter-feeding organism living in the seafloor sediment, Ruditapes philippinarum represents an excellent "sentinel" species to assess the quality of marine environment. In order to gain insight into the molecular response and acclimatization mechanisms to hypoxia stress in marine invertebrates, we examined hypoxia-induced changes in immune-related gene expression and gene pathways involved in hypoxia regulation of R. philippinarum. Results: We investigated the response of the Manila clam R. philippinarum to hypoxia under experimental conditions and focused on the analysis of the differential expression patterns of specific genes associated with hypoxia response by RNA-seq and time course qPCR analysis. A total of 75 genes were captured significantly differentially expressed, and were categorized into antioxidant/oxidative stress response, chaperones/heat shock proteins, immune alteration, and cell proliferation/apoptosis. Fourteen hypoxia responsive genes were validated significantly up/down regulated at different time 0, 2, 5, and 8 d in gills of R. philippinarum in hypoxia challenged group. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the HIF signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway play pivotal roles in hypoxia tolerance and resistance in R. philippinarum. Conclusion: The HIF signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway play a critical role in hypoxia tolerance and resistance in Manila clam. The immune and defense related genes and pathways obtained here gain a fundamental understanding of the hypoxia stress in marine bivalves and provide important insights into the physiological acclimation, immune response and defense activity under hypoxia challenge. The reduced metabolism is a consequence of counterbalancing investments in immune defense against other physiological processes.
Arg72Pro polymorphism in P53 gene and Breast Cancer Risk Population: a meta-analysis of case-control studies matched
Authors: Diakite Brehima , Kassogue Yaya , Dolo Guimogo , Wang Jun , Neuschler Erin , Kassogue Oumar , Keita Mamadou , Traore Cheick Bougari , Kamate Bakarou , Coulibaly Etienne , Sellama Nadifi , Murphy Robert , Doumbia Seydou , Hou Lifang , Maiga Mamoudou
Published: November 2019

Background The effect of the Arg72Pro variant of the P53 gene on the risk of developing breast cancer remains variable in populations. However, using strategies like grouping age-matched controls with disease cases may provide a strong meta-analysis. Our goal was to perform a meta-analysis in order to study the association of Arg72Pro variant of P53 gene and breast cancer.Methods Databases such as PubMed, Genetics Medical Literature, Harvard University Library, Web of Science and Genesis Library were used to search articles. Age-matched control studies on breast cancer that evaluated the genotype frequencies of the Arg72Pro P53 gene were selected. Fixed and random effects (Mantel-Haenszel) were calculated using pooled odds ratio of 95% CI to determine the disease risk. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was used to measure deviation in the distribution of genotypes in controls. Inconsistency was calculated to determine heterogeneity among the studies. Estimated publication bias was performed through the funnel plot and Egger’s test.Results Nine publications with controls age-matched cases including 4684 disease cases and 4636 controls were evaluated in this meta-analysis, all were in the Caucasian population. Our results suggested that Arg72Pro P53 was associated with a risk for breast cancer in the dominant model (Pro/Pro+Arg/Pro vs. Arg/Arg: OR= 1.16, 95% CI = 1.04-1.31) and the additive model (Pro vs. Arg: OR= 1.13, 95% CI = 1.03-1.24, P= 0.007), but not in the recessive model (Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg + Arg/Pro, OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.96-1.44; P= 0.12).Conclusions This meta-analysis found significant association between the Arg72Pro polymorphism in the P53 gene and the breast cancer risk. Individuals carrying at least one Pro allele of the P53 gene are more likely to have breast cancer with dominant and additive models than individuals carrying the Arg allele.
Analysis of molecular mechanism for acceleration of polyembryony using gene functional annotation pipeline in Copidosoma floridanum
Authors: Sakamoto Takuma , Nishiko Maaya , Bono Hidemasa , Nakazato Takeru , Yoshimura Jin , Tabunoki Hiroko , Iwabuchi Kikuo
Published: November 2019

Background: Polyembryony is defined as the formation of several embryos from a single egg. This phenomenon can occur in humans, armadillo, and some endoparasitoid insects. However, the mechanism underlying polyembryogenesis in animals remains to be elucidated. The polyembryonic parasitoid wasp Copidosoma floridanum oviposits its egg into an egg of the host insect; eventually, over 2,000 individuals will arise from one egg. Previously, we reported that polyembryogenesis is enhanced when the juvenile hormone (JH) added to the culture medium in the embryo culture. Hence, in the present study, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis to investigate the molecular mechanisms controlling polyembryogenesis of C. floridanum . Functional gene annotation is not available for C. floridanum because whole-genome sequencing has not been achieved. Hence, we constructed a pipeline for gene functional annotation in C. floridanum and performed molecular network analysis. We analyzed differentially expressed genes between control and JH-treated molura after 48 h of culture, then used the tblastx program to assign whole C. floridanum transcripts to human gene.
Results: We obtained 11,117 transcripts in the JH treatment group and identified 217 differentially expressed genes compared with the control group. As a result, 76% of C. floridanum transcripts were assigned to human genes. Gene enrichment analysis revealed genes associated with platelet degranulation and fatty acid biosynthesis to be upregulated, while cell morphogenesis in the differentiation and integrin signaling pathways were suppressed following JH treatment. Furthermore, Cytoscape analysis revealed a molecular interaction that was possibly associated with polyembryogenesis .
Conclusions: We have constructed a pipeline for gene functional annotation of C. floridanum , and identified transcripts with high homology to human genes during early embryo developmental. Additionally, this study reveals new molecular interactions associated with polyembryogenesis; these interactions could indicate the molecular mechanisms underlying polyembryony. Our results highlight the potential utility of molecular interaction analysis in human twins.
Cyclic Yield Stability of Ley Farming System in Northern Quebec
Authors: Damar Hada , Ziadi Noura , Lafond Jean , Pageau Denis , Lajeunesse Julie , Parent Léon‐ Etienne
Published: November 2019

Predicted climate change is a threat to dairy farming operations in northern Quebec. Soil conservation measures and the timeframe of crop management may contribute to reducing yield variability and also support dairy herd populations. Our objective was to compare annual and cyclic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and forage yield stability for 3‐yr ley farming system (barley‐mixed, forage‐mixed, forage) over 24 yr of experimentation under contrasting soil conservation practices. Treatments were chisel or moldboard plowing, and mineral fertilization (MIN) or liquid dairy manure (LDM) applied cyclically (across eight 3‐yr cycles) at 85 to 209 kg LDM‐N ha−1 and 90 to 146 kg MIN‐N ha−1 to forage and 87 to 127 kg LDM‐N ha−1 and 70 kg MIN‐N ha−1 to barley. Yield stability assessment was initialized in 1993, 1994, and 1995 and ended in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. While the cyclic assessment showed no significant effect of tillage practice, LDM outperformed MIN, confirming the benefits of manure‐based ley farming systems for dairy farming. Coefficients of variation ranged from 7.8% to 14.4% for barley grain yield, 14.4% to 18.7% for barley straw yield, and 11.8% to 15.3% for forage yield. Coefficients of variation were reduced by factors of 1.86 ± 0.57, 1.87 ± 0.24, and 2.00 ± 0.25 for grain, straw, and forage, respectively, using cyclic assessments. To face the more frequent extreme meteorological events predicted by regional climatic models, feed supply could be stabilized locally and regionally at cyclic rather than yearly timescales to support dairy farming.

Core Ideas

Long term 24‐year experiment comparing annual and cyclic grain and forage yield stability.

Cyclic assessment of yield stability provide low coefficient of variation for grain, straw, and forages.

Crop supply and storage could be managed on a cyclic, rather than yearly basis.
Using Living Germplasm Collections to Characterize, Improve, and Conserve Woody Perennials
Authors: Migicovsky Zoë , Warschefsky Emily , Klein Laura L. , Miller Allison J.
Published: November 2019

Woody perennial plants make up nearly half of plant diversity and represent one‐third of the world's major crop species, yet effective strategies to maintain and preserve these important species require additional attention. The majority of conservation programs focus on seed storage; however, seeds of many woody perennial plants are difficult to maintain in seed banks because they are recalcitrant. In addition, most woody perennial crops are clonally propagated, and seed‐based conservation efforts miss clonal lineages that form the foundation of woody perennial agriculture. Woody crops are often best maintained as living collections, but these compose only 5.8% of ex situ germplasm collections. Living germplasm collections are critical resources for exploring and conserving genetic and phenotypic diversity and provide novel material for breeding efforts. In this review, we examine how living germplasm collections can be used for for phenotypic description, genetic characterization, and plant breeding. Lastly, we outline the importance of conserving these valuable resources and highlight the need for conservation strategies that are appropriately designed for woody perennial species.
Factor structure of the CES-D in an impoverished African American sample
Authors: PORTER Mitchell , CHOİ Youn-jeng , TOMEK Sara
Published: November 2019

The Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression
scale (CES-D) has been used for decades to identify symptomatology of
depression in individuals. Overtime, the factor structure of the scale has been
both confirmed and challenged when applied to different population samples. The
present study explores the factor structure in population sample consisting of
impoverished African American parents (N=1,020), and the data were
collected from the Mobile Youth Study (MYS). Two-, four-, and higher-order
models were used to identify the best fitting model. The results indicate that
the most parsimonious model is a two-factor structure.
Hydroponic Nutrient Control System Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Herman Herman , Adidrana Demi , Surantha Nico , Suharjito Suharjito
Published: November 2019

The human population significantly increases in crowded urban areas. It causes a reduction of available farming land. Therefore, a landless planting method is needed to supply the food for society. Hydroponics is one of the solutions for gardening methods without using soil. It uses nutrient-enriched mineral water as a nutrition solution for plant growth. Traditionally, hydroponic farming is conducted manually by monitoring the nutrition such as acidity or basicity (pH), the value of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and nutrient temperature. In this research, the researchers propose a system that measures pH, TDS, and nutrient temperature values in the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) technique using a couple of sensors. The researchers use lettuce as an object of experiment and apply the k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithm to predict the classification of nutrient conditions. The result of prediction is used to provide a command to the microcontroller to turn on or off the nutrition controller actuators simultaneously at a time. The experiment result shows that the proposed k-NN algorithm achieves 93.3% accuracy when it is k = 5.
Systematic Review on Rocuronium Continuous Infusion for Deep Neuromuscular Blockade
Authors: Couto Mafalda , Couto Jose G. , Nunes Catarina S. , Vide Sérgio , Amorim Pedro , Mendes Joquim
Published: November 2019

Background:

Rocuronium is a muscle relaxant with increased use due to its binding
relation with the reversal agent sugammadex. The purpose of this review entails the investigation of
its use for the maintenance of Deep Neuromuscular Block (NMB) via continuous infusion.

Methods:

Based on PRISMA systematic search guidelines, databases included PubMed, ISI Web of
Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. This comprehensive search addresses surgical patients
under deep muscle relaxation via continuous rocuronium infusion. The main indicators were
the rocuronium administration, NMB monitoring approaches and effects in order to maintain the
deep level of relaxation, as well as reversal time after a standard dose of sugammadex.

Results:

Despite the variance in approaches found in the literature, findings show the overall maintenance
of deep NMB requires approximately 0.758 mg.kg-1h-1 of rocuronium (according to the
PTC target of 0-10, 0-5 and 1-2, mean estimates are 0.445, 0.65 and 0.833 mg.kg-1h-1 respectively),
suggesting that a lower range and a smaller maximum of PTC response require higher amount of
rocuronium for its maintenance. The standard dose of sugammadex (4 mg/kg), administered at the
end of the surgery takes longer [2.85 (1.17) min] than when they are administered after moderate
NMB recovery [1.68 (0.47) min].

Conclusion:

Continuous infusion for deep NMB presents inherent advantages in terms of maintenance
and stability of muscle relaxation. Monitoring and rocuronium administration approaches are
fundamental and intrinsically connected to provide a stable and improved maintenance of deep
NMB.
Model with the GBDT for Colorectal Adenoma Risk Diagnosis
Authors: Gao Junbo , Zhang Lifeng , Yu Gaiqing , Qu Guoqiang , Li Yanfeng , Yang Xuebing
Published: November 2019

Background and Objective:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of
the digestive system; it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, an early
prediction of colorectal adenoma (CRA) that is a precancerous disease of most CRC patients
provides an opportunity to make an appropriate strategy for prevention, early diagnosis and
treatment. It has been aimed to develop a machine learning model to predict CRA that could assist
physicians in classifying high-risk patients, make informed choices and prevent CRC.

Methods:

Patients who had undergone a colonoscopy to fill out a questionnaire at the Sixth People
Hospital of Shanghai in China from July 2018 to November 2018 were instructed. A classification
model with the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) was developed to predict CRA. This
model was compared with three other models, namely, random forest (RF), support vector
machine (SVM), and logistic regression (LR). The area under the receiver operating characteristic
curve (AUC) was used to evaluate performance of the models.

Results:

Among the 245 included patients, 65 patients had CRA. The area under the receiver
operating characteristic (AUCs) of GBDT, RF, SVM ,and LR with 10 fold-cross validation was
0.8131, 0.74, 0.769 and 0.763. An online prediction service, CRA Inference System, to
substantialize the proposed solution for patients with CRA was also built.

Conclusion:

Four classification models for CRA prediction were developed and compared, and
the GBDT model showed the highest performance. Implementing a GBDT model for screening
can reduce the cost of time and money and help physicians identify high-risk groups for primary
prevention.
Assessment of Inhibition of Bovine Hepatic Cytochrome P450 by 43 Commercial Bovine Medicines Using a Combination ofIn VitroAssays and Pharmacokinetic Data from the Literature
Authors: Hu Steven X. , Mazur Chase A. , Feenstra Kenneth L.
Published: November 2019

Background:

There has been a lack of information about the inhibition of bovine medicines on bovine hepatic CYP450 at their commercial doses and dosing routes.

Objective:

The aim of this work was to assess the inhibition of 43 bovine medicines on bovine hepatic CYP450 using a combination of in vitro assay and Cmax values from pharmacokinetic studies with their commercial doses and dosing routes in the literature.

Methods:

Those drugs were first evaluated through a single point inhibitory assay at 3 μM in bovine liver microsomes for six specific CYP450 metabolisms, phenacetin o-deethylation, coumarin 7- hydroxylation, tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation, bufuralol 1-hydroxylation, chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation and midazolam 1’-hydroxylation. When the inhibition was greater than 20% in the assay, IC50 values were then determined. The potential in vivo bovine hepatic CYP450 inhibition by those drugs was assessed using a combination of the IC50 values and in vivo Cmax values from pharmacokinetic studies at their commercial doses and administration routes in the literature.

Results:

Fifteen bovine medicines or metabolites showed in vitro inhibition on one or more bovine hepatic CYP450 metabolisms with different IC50 values. Desfuroylceftiour (active metabolite of ceftiofur), nitroxinil and flunixin have the potential to inhibit one of the bovine hepatic CYP450 isoforms in vivo at their commercial doses and administration routes. The rest of the bovine medicines had low risks of in vivo bovine hepatic CYP450 inhibition.

Conclusion:

This combination of in vitro assay and in vivo Cmax data provides a good approach to assess the inhibition of bovine medicines on bovine hepatic CYP450.