bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terminología culinaria en De re coquinaria: lengua técnica y coincidencias con el latín vulgar
Authors: Lejavitzer Lapoujade Amalia
Published: August 2020

This article examines the use of culinary terminology in the recipe book De re coquinaria, by tradition attributed to Apicius. From the analysis of the specialized terms, its use and its technical significance are studied, focussed on two conceptual axes: description of practical procedures (verbs) and naming of material results (nouns). Also it shows the resources for the creation of technical language (as loan translations of Greek and diminutive derivatives) as well as its coincidences with Vulgar Latin. It is concluded that the culinary language in the De re coquinaria and the Vulgar Latin have strong morphological coincidences, but with different expressive values and linguistic uses, which highlights the polysemic character of Latin culinary terminology.
NOVA TELLVS: difusión, tradición y recepción de los clásicos griegos y latinos
Authors: Ramírez Trejo Arturo E.
Published: August 2020

This work is the outcome of researching about the origin, content and spreading of NOVA TELLVS and also about the meaning of “spreading and reception” just from the texts of the Greek and Latin authors. Our aim here is to to display the original objectives of NOVA TELLVS and its scientific value, which helps spreading philological research within the field of Greek and Latin authors in order to keep their tradition and contribute to the reception of their values, “for every person improves his good personal and social”, as the same authors wrote. This will be clearer trough the commentaries on the first published article in NOVA TELLVS. The originality and contribution of this note is the research and analysis about the origin, content and objectives of the review in order to comprehend his scientific value in the tradition, spreading and reception of the classical Greek and Latin authors for personal and social benefit of the readers.
Guía para la evaluación y adecuación de materiales digitales accesibles
Authors: López González Viviana , Palmeros y Ávila Guadalupe , Coeto Calcáneo Irma Alejandra
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo surge de la revisión sobre accesibilidad de materiales educativos digitales para estudiantes con discapacidad visual que aporta la literatura y tiene como objetivo proponer una guía rápida para lograr la accesibilidad de materiales digitales en Word, Power Point y PDF a partir de dos pasos: el primero, la verificación manual y automática, y el segundo, la posterior adecuación. Metodológicamente nos apoyamos en la investigación documental y para el análisis de accesibilidad se consideraron 3 documentos que la División Académica de Educación y Artes (DAEA), de la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), tiene en la sección Formatos de su página web, y en el plan de estudios de la Licenciatura en Idiomas, a disposición de la comunidad académica. Se realizó la verificación manual mediante listas de cotejo y automática a través de un comprobador que detecta tres tipos de problemas de accesibilidad: error, advertencia y sugerencia. El resultado de la evaluación indicó que los documentos presentan sólo unas cuantas características de accesibilidad por lo que se procedió a su adecuación. Si bien la bibliografía aporta avances significativos en el desarrollo de pautas de accesibilidad, se detecta un vacío en cuanto al papel que deben adoptar las instituciones en torno a los documentos que dirigen a la comunidad universitaria; de ahí la importancia de este trabajo.
Chemical Compounds Of Granulated Palm Sugar Made From Sap Of Nipa Palm (Nypa Fruticans Wurmb) Growing In Three Different Places
Authors: Radam Rosidah R , Sari Hj. Noor Mirad , Lusyani Hj. Lusyani
Published: August 2020

Production of granulated sugar from sap of nipa palms in South Kalimantan Province is a new innovation. The purpose of this study was to find out the chemical compounds contained in granulated sugar made from sap of nipa palms growing in 3 different places, which was expected to benefit wider community as a source of alternative sweetener. The chemical compound test of granulated nipa palm sugar was conducted at the Laboratory of Institute for Research and Standardization of Industry, Banjarbaru. Chemical parameters tested were water, sucrose, reducing sugar, fat, protein, phosphorus, and potassium content. The test results showed that the water content of granulated nipa palm sugar in treatment A1, A2, and A3 was 3.69%, 4.04%, and 2.31%, respectively; the protein content 0.65%, 2.19%, and 1.10%; the fat content 0.27 %, 0.34 %, and 0.20 %; the reducing sugar content 2.39%, 0.51%, and 0.52%; the sucrose content 75.14%, 68.15%, and 88.46%; the phosphorus content 1.1342%, 1.1196%, and 1.138%; and the potassium content 1.60%, 1.40%, and 1.58%, respectively. The test parameters of granulated nipa palm sugar that met the Mandatory Indonesia National Standard (SNI) 01-3743-1995 were the water content of granulated sugar from sap of nipa palms growing in dry place (land), the reducing sugar content and sucrose content in all treatments. It can be concluded from the three required parameters that granulated nipa palm sugar is able to become the source of new sweetener in addition to block arenga palm sugar and crystal cane sugar for the community in South Kalimantan.
Examining Technology for Teaching and Learning
Authors: Lemoine Pamela A. , Waller Robert E. , Garretson Christopher J. , Richardson Michael D.
Published: August 2020

Much time, money, and attention has been given to the issue of technology in the K-12 classroom. In addition, there is an ever-expanding interest in preparing students for success in a transforming, technology-rich world. In the 21st century technology and education must work together to secure the future for students and society. Society in the 21st century is knowledge-based; learning is critical as knowledge resiliency continually becomes important for survival in the rapidly changing environment. The need for changing traditional approaches to education from the acquisition of short-term skills to proactive programs that infuses technology into the learning are of utmost importance as educators prepare students for the 21st century.
Atmospheric thermodynamics and dynamics during convective, stratiform and nonprecipitating clouds over the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro – Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), da Silva Fabricio Polifke , Rotunno Filho Otto Corrêa ,   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Alvarez Justi da Silva Maria Gertrudes ,   Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Sampaio Rafael João ,   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Pires Gisele Dornelles ,   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Magalhães de Araújo Afonso Augusto ,   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Published: August 2020

Physical mechanisms involved in the development and forecast of clouds and precipitation are both quite complex and dependent on the local atmospheric environment, especially when severe weather conditions are imminent. Research aimed at understanding the environmental mechanisms favorable to the different atmospheric scenarios can help operational weather forecasters to issue warnings. This paper provides qualitative and quantitative contributions from radiosondes, radar, and numerical simulations to evaluate the formation of convective, stratiform, and nonprecipitating clouds over the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The convective available potential energy (CAPE) and lifted index (LI), showed higher values on convective days (CAPE = 2600 J.Kg–1 and LI = –4 ºC), followed by nonprecipitating (CAPE = 1500 J.Kg–1 and LI = –2 ºC) and stratiform cloud days (CAPE = 1400 J.Kg–1 and LI = –1.5 ºC). High wind convergence was observed at low- (1000–850 hPa) and mid- (850–700 hPa) levels on convective days (–16.5 s–1 and –9.6 s–1, respectively). In contrast, wind divergence at the same levels was observed on stratiform (6.4 s–1 and 6.9 s–1) and nonprecipitating (9.7 s–1 and 7.3 s–1) days. Higher wind divergence (8.3 s–1) was observed on convective days at upper levels (300–200 hPa) compared with stratiform (3.2 s–1) and nonprecipitating (2.8 s–1) days. Results show a coupling of wind convergence, moisture and energy in the lower troposphere and divergence at upper levels on convective days. Despite moisture availability on stratiform days and thermodynamic energy on nonprecipitating days, the respective coupling between these conditions and dynamic triggers was not observed.
Realization of Maxwell’s Hypothesis An Experiment of Heat-Electric Conversion in Contradiction to the Kelvin Statement
Authors: Fu Xinyong , Fu Zitao
Published: August 2020

In a vacuum tube two identical and parallel Ag-O-Cs emitters A and B (work function 0.8eV) ceaselessly emit thermal electrons at room temperature. The thermal electrons are controlled by a static uniform magnetic field so that the number of electrons migrate from A to B exceeds the one from B to A (or vice versa). The net migration of thermal electrons from A to B quickly results in a charge distribution of A charged positively and B negatively, and a potential difference between A and B emerges, enabling a continuous output current and a stable power to an external load (e.g., a resistor). Thus, the tube cools down (slightly). The (slightly) cooled tube extracts heat from ambient air, and all the heat is converted into electric energy without other effect. We believe the experiment is in contradiction to the Kelvin statement of the second law.
Nudging in Supermarkets to Reduce Plastic Bag Consumption Among Customers: A Framework for Change
Authors: Lim Ian
Published: August 2020

Despite good intentions, the increasing number of plastic bag bans aimed at alleviating marine plastic pollution saw a correlated increase in the number of unintended consequences that emerged alongside the bans, suggesting that human behavior towards plastic bag consumption have not changed, but merely shifted, and are feeding into other major international environmental catastrophes. Nudge theory, which helps people make better choices for themselves without inhibiting their free will, is a potential solution that has been shown to play a subtle but important role in providing options under circumstances where complex information needs to be streamlined for the wider community, avoiding any unintended consequences and behavioural shifts that might arise from instruments that diminishes autonomy. It is therefore timely to look into the insights of nudge theory to encourage a positive behavioural change to reduce plastic bag consumption. Here we apply a systematic literature review to show how successful applications of nudges in supermarkets can be leveraged to reduce plastic bag consumption. We find that the current applications of nudges in various industries worldwide, including supermarkets have produced positive and encouraging results, as well as producing lasting behavioural change among the wider community. Supermarkets are identified as a powerful deployment site of these nudges due to their positioning as a dominant provider of plastic bags to the wider community, as well as being the largest and leading provider of daily food needs. Finally, we synthesise our findings to produce a coherent and testable framework of actionable interventions that supermarkets can employ to nudge customers towards reduced plastic bag reliance, accompanied with a visual timeline of a customer shopping in a supermarket experiencing these nudges.
Trends of Mutation Accumulation across Global SARS-CoV-2 Genomes: Implications for the Ecology and Evolution of the Novel Coronavirus
Authors: Roy Chayan , Mandal Santi M , Mondol Suresh K , Mukherjee Shriparna , Ghosh Wriddhiman , Chakraborty Ranadhir
Published: August 2020

The all-pervasiveness and dynamic nature of the COVID-19 pandemic warrants comprehensive and constant surveillance of the numerous mutations that are accumulating in global SARS-CoV-2 genomes and contributing to the microevoution of the various lineages of the novel coronavirus. This would help us gain insights into the evolving pathogenicity of the virus, and thereby improvise our control and therapeutic strategies. This study explores the genome-wide frequency, gene-wise distribution, and molecular nature, of the large repertoire of point mutations detected across the global dataset of 3,608 SARS-CoV-2 RNA-genomes short-listed from a total 5,485 whole genome sequences deposited in GenBank till 4 June 2020 using a download filter that eliminated all incomplete/gapped sequences. Phylogenomic analysis involving all existing SARS-CoV-2 lineages, represented by 3,740 whole genome sequences from human-source (out of a total of 63,894 sequences stored in the GISAID repository, as on 15 July, 2020), illustrated that the two major-lineages of the virus contributed almost equivalently to the pandemic. However, entities belonging to the early lineages are still mostly spread over Asian countries, whereas those affiliated to recently-derived lineages have a relatively more global distribution. Mutation frequency in the SARS-CoV-2 pan genome was found to be 2.27 × 10-5 nucleotide positions mutated per nucleotide analyzed. An overwhelming majority (count: 1797) of the total 2452 instances of single nucleotide substitution detected (in the SARS-CoV-2 pan genome) were found to be transition mutations with cytidine to uridine (CàU) as the most ubiquitous molecular-type (count: 987). Of the 655 instances of transversion detected, the guanosine to uridine (GàU) variant was most widespread (count: 367). All transcribed and untranscribed loci of the pan genome were found to contain mutation(s). nsp3, and S, N and orf3a, were the most point-mutation-ridden non-structural and structural protein-coding genes, respectively, with 435, 300, 171 and 128 total mutations; 349/86, 192/108, 107/64 and 76/52 transitions/transversions; and 189/48, 106/55, 59/42 and 43/31 CàU/GàU substitutions respectively. Potential mechanistic backgrounds were envisaged for the molecular bias of mutations observed in SARS-CoV-2.
Reliability and Validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (Ces-D) Scale for Adolescents in Lao Pdr
Authors: Tomokawa Sachi , Asakura Takashi , Keosada Ngouay , Bouasangthong Vannasouk , Souvanhxay Vanthala , Kanyasan Kethsana , Miyake Kimihiro , Soukhavong Sithane , Thalangsy Khamseng , Moji Kazuhiko
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to develop a Laotian adolescent version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), determine its reliability and validity, and examine its factorial properties. The study targeted at 7,554 students in lower secondary schools and teacher training colleges in Lao PDR. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 2012 to 2014. Exploratory factor analysis performed in three age groups using the weighted least square mean and variance adjusted estimation with robust maximum likelihood methods. The factor structure for each age group was the same; therefore, data from the full sample were analyzed further. The model was then tested by confirmatory factor analysis. A 2-factor model was determined as a common model among the age groups by using paralleled analysis. We determined a best-fitting structure comprising two factors: “Negative affect” and “Positive affect.” The Cronbach’s alpha was .81. “Effort” items loaded on the “Somatic and retarded activity” factor in the original model but loaded on the “Positive affect” factor in the adolescent model. “Depressed affect,” “Somatic and retarded activity,” and “Interpersonal” items were combined into the “Negative affect” factor in the adolescent model.
Performance Study of Integrated Solar-Water Supply System for Isolated Agricultural Areas in Thailand: Two Case-Study Villages of The Royal Initiative Project
Authors: Imjai Thanongsak , Thinsurat Kamon , Ditthakit Pakorn , Wipulanusat Warit , Setkit Monthian , Garcia Reyes
Published: August 2020

This article presents a field-performance investigation on an Integrated Solar Water Supply System (SWSS) at two isolated agricultural areas in Thailand. The two case-study villages (Pongluek and Bangkloy ) have experienced severe draughts in the last decades, and therefore water supply has become a major issue. A stand-alone 15.36 kW solar power and a 15 kW solar submersible pump were installed along with the input power generated by solar panels supported by four solar trackers. The aim is to lift water at the static head of 64 and 48 m via piping length of 400 metres for each village to be stored in 1,000 m3 and 1,800 m3 reservoirs at an average of 300 m3 and 400 m3 per day, respectively for Pongluek and Bangkloy villages. The case study results have shown that the real costs of electricity generated by SWSS using solar PV systems intergraded with the solar tracking system yield better performance and are more advantageous compared with the non-tracking system. This study illustrates how system integration has been employed. System design and commercially available simulation predictions are elaborated. Construction, installation, and field tests for SWSS are discussed and highlighted. Performances of the SWSS in different weather conditions such as sunny, cloudy, and rainy days were analysed to make valuable suggestions for higher efficiency of the integrated solar water supply systems.
Towards Distributed Recycling with Additive Manufacturing of PET Flake Feedstocks
Authors: Little Helen A. , Tanikella Nagendra G. , Reich Matthew , Fiedler Matthew J. , Snabes Samantha L. , Pearce and Joshua M.
Published: August 2020

This study explores the potential to reach a circular economy for post-consumer recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) packaging and bottles by using it as a distributed recycling for additive manufacturing (DRAM) feedstock. Specifically, rPET is processed using only an open source toolchain with fused particle fabrication (FPF) or fused granular fabrication (FGF) processing. In this study, first the impact of granulation, sifting and heating (and their combination) is quantified on the shape and size distribution of the rPET flakes. Then feeding studies were performed to see if they could be printed through an external feeder or needed to be direct printed with a hopper using two Gigabot X machines, one with extended part cooling and one without. Print settings were optimized based on thermal characterization and for the latter which was shown to print rPET directly from shredded water bottles mechanical testing is performed. The results showed that geometry was important for extended feeding tubes and direct printed using a hopper. Further there is a wide disparity in the physical properties of rPET from water bottles depending on source and the history of the material. Future work is needed to enable water bottles to be used as a widespread DRAM feedstock.
Structures and Functions of Viral 5’ Non-Coding Genomic RNA Domain-I in Enterovirus-B Infections
Authors: GLENET Marie , HENG Laetitia , CALLON Domitille , LEBREIL Anne-Laure , GRETTEAU Paul-Antoine , NGUYEN Yohan , BERRI Fatma , ANDREOLETTI Laurent
Published: August 2020

Group-B enteroviruses (EV-B) are ubiquitous naked single-stranded positive RNA viral pathogens that are responsible for common acute or persistent human infections. Their genome is composed in the 5'end by a non-coding region, which is crucial for the initiation of the viral replication and translation processes. RNA domain-I secondary structures can interact with viral or cellular proteins to form viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes regulating viral genomic replication, whereas RNA domains-II to -VII (IRES) are known to interact with cellular ribosomal subunits to initiate the viral translation process. Natural 5’ terminally deleted viral forms lacking some genomic RNA domain-I secondary structures have been described in EV-B induced murine or human infections. Recent in vitro studies have evidenced that the loss of some viral RNP complexes in the RNA domain-I can modulate the viral replication and infectivity levels in EV-B infections. Moreover, the disruption of secondary structures of RNA domain-I could impair viral RNA sensing by RIG-I or MDA5 receptors, a way to overcome antiviral innate immune response. Overall, natural 5′ terminally deleted viral genomes resulting in the loss of various structures in the RNA domain-I could be major key players of host-cell interactions driving the development of acute or persistent EV-B infections.
Parameterisation and Optimisation of a Hand-Rake Sweeper: Application in Olive Picking
Authors: Hidalgo-Fernández Rafael E. , Carranza-Cañadas Pilar , García-Salcedo Francisco J. , Triviño-Tarradas Paula
Published: August 2020

Olive picking is one of the most common social agricultural activities in many regions of Andalusia where the predominant crop is the traditional olive grove. The machinery used includes shakers, blowers and an essential low-cost type: hand-rake sweepers. The latter are generally used by the women of the squads to sweep the olives that fall from the trees. This article is focused on the design and optimisation of a hand-rake sweeper, in terms of durability and cost, for the picking of olives and other fruits, such as almonds, which are currently the main alternative to non-perennial crops in Andalusia. A parametric design of a hand-rake sweeper was created for this application using the design software CATIA, and its most vulnerable points were analysed in terms of effectiveness with varying design parameters, conducting usage simulations with ANSYS for a light material such as polypropylene. The maximum von Mises stress of the whole structure was 155.81 MPa. Using ANSYS, the dimension parameters of the hand-rake sweeper structure were optimised. The modified design was analysed again, showing a reduction of maximum tensions of 10.06%, as well as a decrease in its maximum elongations (0.0181 mm).
CBD-Supplemented Polishing Powder Enhances Tooth Polishing by Inhibiting Dental Plaque Bacteria
Authors: Vasudevan Kumar , Stahl Veronica
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Dental health problems including dental plaque are common health problems affecting people of different age groups globally. Air-polishing is a safe tooth polishing technique used by dental professionals for stain and plaque removal and as preventive procedure for dental health. Here we report the technical improvisation of existing air-polishing technique by supplementing cannabinoid powder into the classic polishing powder for effective removal of supragingival and subgingival plaque and inhibition of plaque forming bacteria. Methods: The cannabidiol (CBD) powder was added to the tooth polishing powder (AIR-N-GO, classic) at 1% (wt/wt) ratio. The study was conducted on 12 patients, of which 6 received regular polishing treatment and 6 received CBD-supplemented polishing treatment. The dental plaque samples were collected before and after each treatment and subjected to in vitro microbiological analysis and the colony forming units (CFU) were analyzed using automated colony counter. Results: Based on in vitro microbiological analysis, the average CFU of interdental space samples collected from post-CBD-supplemented polishing treatment was significantly reduced (linear fold change between 3.9-18.4) compared to that of post-regular polishing (linear fold change between 1.0-2.6) treatment. Conclusions: CBD-supplemented polishing powder can help in effective removal and killing of dental plaque bacteria during the polishing treatment. CBD powder can be added as enhancing supplement to the existing polishing powders.
Speeding Up COVID-19 Detection Using Shaker-Mill Homogenization and a Direct-to-PCR Workflow
Authors: Morehouse Zachary P , Proctor Caleb M , Ryan Gabriella L , Nash Rodney J
Published: August 2020

Accurate and timely testing has become an essential measure in combatting the COVID-19 global pandemic. Currently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assays are the most relied on methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection. This traditional workflow involves a viral RNA extraction from the viral transport media storing nasopharyngeal swabs collected from patients, followed by PCR based detection. While accurate, this methodology is time consuming and resource heavy, causing for delays in receiving results or limited access to testing. Herein, we demonstrate a validated method for SARS-CoV-2 detection from viral transport media using a two-step, direct-to-PCR workflow revolving around shaker-mill homogenization. This method completely bypasses the extraction steps of the traditional workflow, replacing it with 30 seconds of mechanical disruption sufficient to allow for COVID-19 detection with a 96.43% sensitivity and 100% specificity when compared to traditional extraction to PCR based methods.
Early Detection of The Advanced Persistent Threats Attacks Using Performance Analysis of Deep Learning
Authors: Hassannataj Joloudari Javad , Haderbadi Mojtaba , Mashmool Amir , GhasemiGol Mohammad , Shamshirband Shahaboddin , Mosavi Amir
Published: August 2020

One of the most common and important destructive attacks on the victim system is Advanced Persistent Threats (APT)-attack. The APT attacker can achieve his hostile goals by obtaining information and gaining financial benefits regarding the infrastructure of a network. One of the solutions to detect a secret APT attack is using network traffic. Due to the nature of the APT attack in terms of being on the network for a long time and the fact that the network may crash because of high traffic, it is difficult to detect this type of attack. Hence, in this study, machine learning methods such as C5.0 decision tree, Bayesian network and deep neural network are used for timely detection and classification of APT-attacks on the NSL-KDD data set. Moreover, 10-fold cross validation method is used to experiment these models. As a result, the accuracy (ACC) of the C5.0 decision tree, Bayesian network and 6-layer deep learning models is obtained as 95.64%, 88.37% and 98.85%, respectively, and also, in terms of the important criterion of the false positive rate (FPR), the FPR value for the C5.0 decision tree, Bayesian network and 6-layer deep learning models is obtained as 2.56, 10.47 and 1.13, respectively. Other criterions such as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, false negative rate and F-measure are also investigated for the models, and the experimental results show that the deep learning model with automatic multi-layered extraction of features has the best performance for timely detection of an APT-attack comparing to other classification models.
Fatal Interstitial Pneumonia Caused by Bovine Coronavirus in Cows from Southern Italy
Authors: Amoroso Maria Grazia , Lucifora Giuseppe , Degli Uberti Barbara , Serra Francesco , Di Domenico Alessandro , Cuomo Maria Concetta , De Luca Giovanna , Bove Francesca , Galiero Giorgio , Fusco Giovanna
Published: August 2020

An outbreak of winter disease, complicated by severe respiratory syndrome, occurred in January 2020 in a high production dairy cow herd located in a hilly area of the Calabria region. Of the 52 animals belonging to the farm, 5 (9.6%) died with severe respiratory distress, death occurring 3-4 days after the appearance of the respiratory signs (caught and gasping breath). Microbiological analysis revealed absence of pathogenic bacteria whilst Real-time PCR identified the presence of RNA from Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) in several organs: lungs, small intestine (jejunum), mediastinal lymph nodes, liver and placenta. Since being the only pathogen identified, BCoV was hypothesized to be the cause of the lethal pulmonary infection. Like the other CoVs, BCoV is able to cause different syndromes. Its role in calfhood diarrhoea and in mild respiratory disease is well known: we report instead the involvement of this virus in a severe and fatal respiratory disorder, with symptoms and disease evolution resembling that of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes (SARS).
Frequency of Restaurant, Delivery and Takeaway Usage Is Not Related to BMI among Adults in Scotland
Authors: Albalawi Ahmad , Hambly Catherine , Speakman John R.
Published: August 2020

Background: The frequency of visits to restaurants has been suggested to contribute to the pandemic of obesity. However, few studies have examined how individual use of these restaurants is related to BMI using new technology of reminding to avoid memory error. Aim: To investigate the association between the usage of different types of food outlets and BMI among adults in Scotland. Method: The study was cross-sectional. Participants (n = 681) completed an online survey for seven consecutive days where all food purchased at food outlets was reported each day. We explored the relationship between BMI and usage of these restaurants using auto-reminder text system. Results: Body Mass Index (BMI) of both males and females was not related to frequency of use of Full-Service Restaurants (FSRs), Fast Food Restaurants (FFRs), delivery or takeaways, when assessed individually, or combined (TFO= Total Food Outlet). Conclusion: These data do not support the widespread belief that consumption of food out of the home at fast-food and full-service restaurants, combined with that derived from deliveries and takeaways, is a major driver of obesity in UK.
Normal Percentiles for Respiratory Rate in Children – Reference Ranges Determined from an Optical Sensor
Authors: Herbert Anthony , Pearn John , Wilson Stephen
Published: August 2020

Background: Elevated respiratory rates (RR) have been described in several disease states, such as pneumonia, asthma and bronchiolitis. Despite this, there are few studies defining the range of RR found in healthy children. Available age percentiles for RR have been generated using methods that have the potential themselves to alter the rate. Aim: The aim of this study was to develop accurate percentile charts of RR specific for age in healthy children for potential use in pre-hospital care (first-aid), clinical medicine and for reference in respiratory research. Method: A newly developed optical respiratory sensor was used to measure RR which placed no restrictions on respiratory excursion. This technique enabled recording in awake children without the artefact of the observer’s presence on the subject’s RR. A cross-sectional sample of healthy children was obtained from maternity wards, childcare centres and schools in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Results: RR were observed in 560 awake and 103 sleeping children of which data from 343 awake and 94 sleeping children was used to create reference ranges for healthy children from newborn to 13 years of age. The recorded rates were significantly higher when children were awake compared to asleep. During quiet sleep, RR decreased from 40 (interquartile range 7) bpm at one month to 20 (interquartile range 3) in children aged 3 years. In awake children, RR ranged from a median of 40 bpm (interquartile range 18) at 1 year to 12 bpm (interquartile range 11) at 13 years respectively. Conclusion: The optical sensor was found to be an appropriate respiratory transducer, capable of measuring RR and reducing artefact by the subjective responses of alert children. The centile charts will be helpful as an aid to detecting abnormal RR in children and will contribute to further systematic reviews related to this vital sign.
Combination of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Delivered Oncolytic Virus with Prodrug Activation Increases Efficacy and Safety of Colorectal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ho Chun-Te , Wu Mei-Hsuan , Chen Ming-Jen , Lin Shih-Pei , Hung Shih-Chieh
Published: August 2020

Although oncolytic viruses are currently being evaluated for cancer treatment in clinical trials, systemic administration is hindered by many factors that prevent them from reaching the tumor cells. When administered systemically, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) target tumors, and therefore constitute good cell carriers for oncolytic viruses. Methods: MSCs were primed with trichostatin A under hypoxia, which upregulated the expression of CXCR4, a chemokine receptor involved in tumor tropism, and coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor that plays an important role in adenoviral infection. After priming, MSCs were loaded with conditionally replicative adenovirus that exhibits limited proliferation in cells with a functional p53 pathway and encodes Escherichia coli nitroreductase (NTR) enzymes (CRAdNTR) for targeting tumor cells. Results: Primed MSCs increased tumor tropism and susceptibility to adenoviral infection, and successfully protected CRAdNTR from neutralization by anti-Adenovirus antibodies both in vitro and in vivo, and specifically targeted p53-deficient colorectal tumors when infused intravenously. Analyses of deproteinized tissues by UPLC-MS/QTOF revealed that these MSCs converted the co-administered prodrug CB1954 into cytotoxic metabolites, such as 4-hydroxylamine and 2-amine, inducing oncolysis and tumor growth inhibition without being toxic for the host vital organs. Conclusion: This study shows that the combination of oncolytic viruses delivered by MSCs with the activation of prodrugs is a new cancer treatment strategy that provides a new approach for the development of oncolytic viral therapy for various cancers.
Exciton Dynamics in Droplet Epitaxial Quantum Dots Grown on (311)A Oriented Substrates
Authors: Abbarchi Marco , Mano Takaaki , Kuroda Takashi , Sakoda Kazuaki
Published: August 2020

Droplet epitaxy allows the efficient fabrication of a plethora of 3D, III-V-based nanostructures on different crystalline orientations. Quantum dots grown on (311)A-oriented surface are obtained with record surface density, with or without a wetting layer. These are appealing features for quantum-dot lasing, thanks to the large density of quantum emitters and a truly 3D lateral confinement. However, the intimate photophysics of this class of nanostructures has not yet been investigated. Here we address the main optical and electronic properties of s-shell excitons in individual quantum dots grown on (311)A substrates with photoluminescence spectroscopy experiments. We show the presence of neutral exciton and biexciton as well as positive and negative charged excitons. We investigate the origins of spectral broadening, identifying them in spectral diffusion at low temperature and phonon-interaction at higher temperature, the presence of fine interactions between electron and hole spin, and a relevant heavy-hole/light-hole mixing. We interpret the level filling with a simple Poissonian model reproducing the power excitation dependence of the s-shell excitons. These results are relevant for the further improvement of this class of quantum emitters and their exploitation as single photon sources for low density samples as well as for efficient lasers for high density samples.
Rationale for the Use of Radiation-Activated Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Tovar Martín Isabel , Guerrero Rosa , Lopez-Peñalver Jesús Joaquín , Expósito José , Ruiz de Almodóvar José Mariano
Published: August 2020

Previously we have shown that the combination of radiotherapy with human-umbilical-cord-derived mesenchymal stem-cell therapy significantly reduces the size of the xenotumours in mice, both in the directly irradiated tumour and in the distant non-irradiated tumour or in its metastasis. We have also shown that exosomes secreted from mesenchymal stem-cells pre-irradiated with 2 Gy are quantitatively, functionally and qualitatively different from the exosomes secreted from non-irradiated mesenchymal cells and also that proteins, exosomes and microvesicles secreted by mesenchymal cells suffer a dramatic change when cells are activated or non-activated, with the amount of protein present in the exosomes of the pre-irradiated cells being 1.5-fold times greater compared to those from non-irradiated cells. This finding correlates with a dramatic increase in the anti-tumour activity of the exosomes secreted by pre-irradiated mesenchymal-cells. After the proteomic analysis of the load of the exosomes released from both irradiated and non-irradiated cells, we conclude that annexin A1 is the most important and significant difference between the exosomes released by the cells in either status. Knowing the role of annexin A1 in the control of hypoxia and inflammation which is characteristic of acute-distress-respiratory syndrome, we have designed a hypothetical therapeutic strategy, based on the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells stimulated with radiation, to alleviate the symptoms of patients who, due to pneumonia caused by COVID-19, require the care of an intensive care unit for patients with life-threatening conditions. With this hypothesis, we would seek to improve the patients’ respiratory capacity and increase the expectations of their cure.
The Ångström-Prescott Regression Coefficients for Six Climatic Zones in South Africa
Authors: Mabasa Brighton , Lysko Meena D. , Tazvinga Henerica , Mulaudzi Sophie T. , Zwane Nosipho , Moloi Sabata J.
Published: August 2020

The South African Weather Service (SAWS) manages an in-situ solar irradiance radiometric network of 13 stations and a very dense sunshine recording network; located in all six macro-climate zones of South Africa. A sparsely distributed radiometric network and over a landscape with dynamic climate and weather shifts is inadequate for solar energy studies and applications. Therefore, there is a need to develop mathematical models to estimate solar irradiation for a multitude of diverse climates. In this study, the annual regression coefficients, a and b, of the Ångström-Prescott (AP) model that can be used to estimate global horizontal irradiance from observed sunshine hours were calibrated and validated with observed station data. The AP regression coefficients were calibrated and validated for each of the six macro-climate zones of South Africa using the observation data that spans 2013 to 2019. The predictive effectiveness of the calibrated AP model coefficients was evaluated by comparing estimated and observed daily global horizontal irradiance. The maximum annual relative Mean Bias Error (rMBE) was 0.371 %, relative Mean Absolute Error (rMAE) was 0.745 %, relative Root Mean Square Error (rRMSE) was 0.910 % and the worst-case correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.910. The statistical validation metrics results show that there is a strong correlation and linear relation between observed and estimated solar radiation values. The AP model coefficients calculated in this study can be used with quantitative confidence in estimating daily GHI data at locations in South Africa where the daily observation sunshine duration data is available.
A Review of Current Coral Monitoring Tools/ Diagnostic Methods & Introducing a New Tool to the Coral Health Toolkit
Authors: Teague Jonathan , Allen Michael J. , Day John C.C. , Scott Thomas B.
Published: August 2020

Rapidly and repeatedly ascertaining the health status of coral reefs is an ever more pressing issue as part of activities to understand and monitor the damaging impacts of climate change. A combination of increasing ocean temperatures, acidity and frequency of extreme storm events continues to alter the marine environment beyond what sensitive organisms, such as coral, can cope with. It is therefore vital to establish technologies and validated methods to provide a metric or indication into the health of these organisms. There are currently many surveys and techniques used by coral scientists to uncover insights into the status and assessment of coral reefs, from colour wheels to multispectral satellite surveys. Here we outline an array of current techniques and methods focused specifically on coral monitoring and health diagnosis, ranging across the length scales from simple diver-based surveyance to satellite remote sensing. The technique of using hyperspectral fluorescence imaging is also introduced as a viable novel addition to aid and extend the current toolbox of available technologies.
Analysis of Environmental Factors Caused by Exposure to Air Pollution in Yeosu Industrial Complex: Analyzing Google Trend Trends in Cancer Generation through Big Data
Authors: Choi Kil Yong , Son BuSoon , Yang WonHo
Published: August 2020

Depending on the characteristics of the industrial area, toxicity evaluation of human body, risk assessment and health impact assessment may directly cause cancer due to air pollution. Environmental data collection is from August 2018 to January 31, 2019, and the average, minimum, and maximum values of air pollution data respectively. According to the global data on global trends using the Big Data, high blood pressure is confirmed at 33rd place in the world, and myocardial infarction among the environmental diseases is confirmed to be lower than Korea. Disease that occurred in Jeolla province industrial complex considering the characteristics of our country was identified as representative. Air pollutants are considered to be the causes of allergic diseases in Korea. PM10 was found to be higher than the control area (28.8804348 (㎍ / ㎥), 31.7065217 (㎍ / ㎥) and 32.8532609 (㎍ / ㎥). The mean concentrations of PM2.5 in the middle and high exposure areas were lower than those of the control areas, but the highest in the intermediate exposure areas was 16.5978261 (㎍ / ㎥), 16.1086957 (㎍ / ㎥) and 17.1847826 (㎍ / ㎥) respectively. The relationship between the major variables of environmental exposure in Yeosu was confirmed to be correlated with high blood pressure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, cerebrovascular, diabetes, thyroid disease, sinus infection, anemia and pneumonia.
A Note on Type 2 Degenerate Multi-Poly-Bernoulli Polynomials and Numbers
Authors: Khan Waseem A , Khan Aysha , Duran Ugur
Published: August 2020

Inspired by the definition of degenerate multi-poly-Genocchi polynomials given by using the degenerate multi-polyexponential functions. In this paper, we consider a class of new generating function for the degenerate multi-poly-Bernoulli polynomials, called the type 2 degenerate multi-poly-Bernoulli polynomials by means of the degenerate multiple polyexponential functions. Then, we investigate their some properties and relations. We show that the type 2 degenerate multi-poly-Bernoulli polynomials equals a linear combination of the weighted degenerate Bernoulli polynomials and Stirling numbers of the first kind. Moreover, we provide an addition formula and a derivative formula. Furthermore, in a special case, we acquire a correlation between the type 2 degenerate multi-poly-Bernoulli numbers and degenerate Whitney numbers.
China Strategic Roles Over Artic Region After U.S- Russia Diplomatic Drift in 2015 Crimean Crisis
Authors: Anggraheni Palupi
Published: August 2020

Arctic regions, on the northern pole of the earth, have attracted many countries with various interests. The United States, Russia and several Scandinavian countries, each have claims over its regions, which are known to have abundance natural resource. Besides its potential, Artic also become the most vulnerable area whom embrace the direct impact of global warming. Russia as a country with wide territorial borders directly to Arctic region, certainly has a big role in this region. But, Rusia’s relationship with several Western countries such as the US and Canada had not been in a good condition in 2015, since the Crimean crisis. Several psywar through mass media, even led Russian President Vladimir Putin decides to leave the G20 Annual Summit. Putin’s gesture somehow was seen as Russia implied response to the world related to the Crimea crisis which boldly stated that Russia was not afraid of the threat.  The instability of Russia's relations with its neighboring countries which incidentally also borders the Arctic region opens the role of other countries to participate in this region, including China. This articles focused on describing out the China Strategic Policy in the Arctic region by identifying its national interests, and what policies China has taken to achieve its goals. The concept of securitization developed by Barry Buzan and Ole Waever is used as an analytical tool to identify China's strategic role in the Arctic region          

Keywords: China, securitization, national interest , Artic Region
Diplomasi Perdagangan Indonesia dalam Rantai Pertambahan Nilai Global Produk Tekstil ke Pasar Timur Tengah
Authors: Yekti Septian Nur
Published: August 2020

Indonesia Trade Diplomacy in the Textile Product Global Value Chains to the Middle East Market. Textile and textile products are important commodities for all developing countries, including Indonesia. Despite of those significance, developing countries have to deal with the challenge of the global context. The crisis in developed countries previousely were major textile export destination add the challege. This paper aims to find out Indonesia’s strategy to maintain its textile industry as its major potential commodity. In doing so, this research focuses on the strategy of trade diplomacy in the context of global value chains. Considering the decline trend of export to the developed countries, this research focus on the market of Middle East as the non-traditional market. This reseach applies descriptive qualitative reseach metodh with the concept of global value chains and trade diplomacy as the research analitical framework. This research finds that, in the context of GVC, Indonesia has the highly competitive barrier to entry suitable to penetrate Middle East market. It has production chains domestically, while marketing chains to the Middle East countries. Furthermore, in trade diplomacy, Indonesia implements the function of representation, negotiation, and advocacy.

Keywords:                Textile products export, GVC, trade diplomacy, Middle East market
Pendekatan Rational Choice Pada Reformasi Ekonomi (Doi Moi) Di Vietnam
Authors: Dewi Nevy Rusmarina
Published: August 2020

The development of world globalization after the end of the Cold War made many countries in the world adapt to the changes in the existing world constellation. The countries that were most affected were those who supported the Eastern Bloc with communist ideology. Some countries in Asia with communist ideology, such as China, Vietnam, and Laos, have had to face such rapid changes in the world. The conflict between maintaining ideology by adopting the values of globalization is a very important issue. China strives not to be trapped in the entanglement of the globalization of the world by changing the pattern of thinking for the achievement of its economy through economic reform. Economic reform by opening up the economy in welcoming world free trade to take advantage of world trade, but still maintaining communist ideology is the solution for China. China's success in its economic reforms was taken into consideration for Vietnam, its communist ally, to adopt the same steps. With very bad economic conditions after the end of the Vietnam War and its limitations in carrying out reconstruction, real action was greatly needed by Vietnam amid the end of dependence on the Soviet Union. The economic reform movement through "Doi Moi" took effect since 1986 to overcome economic turmoil and efforts to carry out reconstruction reconstruction. The ideology he embraced made it a barrier for the international community to provide assistance to Vietnam. Globalization cannot be rejected because it provides an opportunity for the development and economic growth of a country.