bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giving Everyone a Fish: COVID-19 and the New Politics of Distribution
Authors: Webb Christopher
Published: April 2021

In response to widescale job losses produced by the COVID‑19 pandemic, states have drastically expanded social protections, primarily through cash transfer programs. Drawing from James Ferguson’s notion of distributional politics, this reflection analyzes the meaning of this rapid global expansion of the welfare state and the political opportunities it provides. Based on two seemingly disparate cases, South Africa and Canada, I suggest that these expansions provide valuable opportunities for rethinking existing approaches to livelihoods, labour and social protection. These interventions also provide political possibilities through which a more radically redistributive politics can be articulated. In both contexts, state responses have provoked new challenges, dialogues, and experiments in distribution at multiple scales, from the neighbourhood to the nation state. This reflection calls for deeper inquiry into the multiple meanings of cash transfers and the political openings they provide. Finally, it provides guiding questions for future anthropological inquiry into livelihoods and social protection.
Writing against “Mask Culture”: Orientalism and COVID-19 Responses in the West
Authors: Zhang Mingyuan
Published: April 2021

Since the first coronavirus outbreak hit China in January 2020, how different countries respond to the crisis has sparked interesting discussions regarding to their respective history, political systems and culture. In the West, many people attribute the acceptance of universal mask-wearing among Asian populations to a so-called 'mask culture.' This paper argues that 'mask culture' emerges during the pandemic as an Orientalist concept in Western public discourses to define the East and to freeze differences between ‘self’ and ‘other.’ Orientalism in its everyday manifestation has not only contributed to the initial underestimation of the pandemic in the West; but has also provided a culturalist foundation for essentialist representations of Asian cultures. Self-other binary has greatly shaped Western responses to and narratives of the pandemic in two prominent ways: first, mask-wearing has been considered as an ‘Asian’ practice associated with other Asian cultural stereotypes such as submissiveness to state power; and second, the threat of the coronavirus was initially viewed as minimal because outbreaks in Asia were far and distanced, and thereafter, the suffering of the Other was not considered urgent in the West.
Risk Factors of Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid in Term Pregnancy - A Case Control Study
Authors: P.S Asha , T.L. Sujatha
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Meconium stained amniotic fluid is a significant contributor to perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The study was conducted to determine the risk factors of meconium stained amniotic fluid in term pregnancy. METHODS This study is a prospective case control study done in a tertiary care hospital in South India over a period of one year. 100 women with meconium stained amniotic fluid detected at any time during the course of labour, prior to it or meconium detected in hind waters were enrolled in the study group. The inclusion criteria were term pregnancy, cephalic presentation and singleton pregnancy. 200 women who satisfied the same set of inclusion criteria with clear amniotic fluid, selected on random basis were taken as controls. A standardised pretested proforma was used for data collection. RESULTS In the study, incidence of grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 meconium were 31 %, 42 % and 27 % respectively. 83 % of cases were in the 20 – 24 year age group and advanced maternal age was not a risk factor in the study. Primiparity (86 % cases vs. 47 % controls) and advanced gestational age (56 % cases and 33 % controls) were significant risk factors. Maternal obesity, socioeconomic status and treatment for infertility were not significant risk factors. Among medical disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus (21 % cases vs. 5 % controls), gestational hypertension (12 % vs. 3.5 %) and hypothyroidism (13 % cases vs. 4.5 % controls) showed statistical significance. Oligoamnios (9 % vs. 1 %), fetal growth restriction (13 % vs. 4.5 %) and maternal infection (12 % vs. 2 %) were significant risk factors. Induced labour and prolonged labour were the significant intrapartum risk factors. Caesarean section rates were nearly doubled in cases (40 %) compared to controls (21.5 %). Babies born to mothers with meconium stained amniotic fluid had low Apgar scores at birth (25 %) and increased neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. CONCLUSIONS Meconium stained amniotic fluid is associated with increased rates of maternal morbidity due to higher rates of operative deliveries and increased incidence of perinatal asphyxia, perinatal morbidity and mortality. Meticulous antenatal care and early identification of risk factors help in reducing the incidence of meconium stained amniotic fluid and preventing adverse maternal and neonatal outcome. KEYWORDS Risk Factors, Meconium, Amniotic Fluid, Term Pregnancy, Caesarean Section, Perinatal Outcome
Association of Hyperglycaemia with Outcome in Critically Ill Children in Central India - A Prospective Study
Authors: Tirkey Suman Sudha , Verma Rakesh Kumar
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Hyperglycaemia is a common occurrence in children with critical illness. Several studies relate hyperglycaemia occurring during intensive care unit (ICU) admission to be associated with increased mortality. We wanted to evaluate the incidence of hyperglycaemia and its association with mortality among critically ill children. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted among critically ill children admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a tertiary care centre, Raipur, Chhattisgarh in central India, from 1st May 2016 to 31st October 2016. All patients aged 1 month to 14 years who were admitted in PICU during this study period (N = 113) were included. Children who were known cases of diabetes mellitus, hepatic failure or renal failure requiring dialysis and children who left against medical advice (LAMA) or died within 24 hours of admission were excluded (N = 13). Thus 100 children were included in the study. RESULTS In the study population, incidence of hyperglycaemia was 60 %; overall 37 (37 %) died and the mortality rate was significantly higher (46.6 % vs. 19.4 %) in children with hyperglycaemia than in children without hyperglycaemia. Nonsurvivors had higher mean blood glucose levels at 48 hours (218.35 ± 87.42 mg / dL) than survivors (141.12 ± 55.26 mg / dL) (P < .001). Peak blood glucose (218.35 ± 87.42 mg / dL vs. 141.12 ± 55.26 mg / dL), need for mechanical ventilation (54.5 % vs. 27.3 %), need for inotropes (76.4 % vs. 23.5 %) and Paediatric Risk of Mortality Score (PRISM) III (16.25 ± 5.46 vs. 9.06 ± 4.35) were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. On regression analysis, blood sugar at 24 hours and duration of stay were found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS In this study, in the PICU, the mortality rate was significantly higher in children with hyperglycaemia than in children without hyperglycaemia. Non-survivors had significantly higher mean blood glucose levels at 48 hours than survivors. Peak blood glucose, need for mechanical ventilation, need for inotropes and PRISM III scores were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. KEYWORDS Hyperglycaemia, Critically Ill, PICU, Outcome, Mortality
Choice of a Method for Blocked Intramedullary Osteosynthesis in Tibial Fractures in the Context of Topographic-Anatomical Research
Authors: Marchenko A. S. , Fomin N. F. , Grigoryan F. S.
Published: April 2021

Blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis has become a "gold standard" for the treatment of patients with diaphyseal fractures of the tibia. However, there is still debate about the importance and necessity of reaming the bone marrow cavity when performing intramedullary osteosynthesis.The aim is to study the individual features of the structure of the medullary cavity of the tibia in relation to intramedullary osteosynthesis, as well as to evaluate the effect of blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis with preliminary reaming and without reaming of the bone marrow cavity on the vascular supply of the tibia.Material and methods. Using morphometric and radiological methods, an experimental topographical and anatomical study was carried out on 26 dry preparations and histotopograms-plates of tibial bone cuts, as well as on 10 lower limbs of corpses with X-ray contrast injection of arterial vessels. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's parametric test and the nonparametric MannWhitney test.Results. Particular attention was paid to the detailed study of the main parameters of the tibial bone marrow cavity that are important for the technology of blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis (size, shape and curves of the bone marrow cavity, architectonics of its narrow part, density and distribution of spongy matter in it, topography of the a. nutricia tibialis channel and distribution of its branches). To assess the invasiveness of osteosynthesis on 10 anatomical objects with preliminary injection of vessels of the lower extremity with X-ray contrast mass, blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis of the tibia with and without reaming of the bone marrow cavity was modeled.Conclusion. It was concluded that any variant of intramedullary rod insertion is accompanied by damage to a. nutricia tibialis in a narrow part of the bone marrow cavity, and reaming of the bone marrow cavity has certain advantages in view of the pronounced individual differences in the structure of the tibia.
Hazard of agricultural triazole fungicide: Does cyproconazole induce voriconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus isolates?
Authors: Moazeni Maryam , Ghobahi Katomjani Elaheh , Haghani Iman , Nabili Mojtaba , Badali Hamid , Hedayati Mohammad Taghi , Shokohi Tahereh
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of cyproconazole, the most used fungicide in Iranian wheat farms, on the induction of voriconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus isolates.
Materials and Methods: A collection of 20 clinical and environmental isolates were selected for investigation of the in vitro activity of fungicides. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the documented broth microdilution method M38-A2 (CLSI, 2008). Induction experiments were performed and the possibly induced isolate(s) were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing, sequencing of the CYP51A promoter, and full coding gene. Furthermore, CYP51-protein homology modeling and docking modes were evaluated using SWISS-MODEL (https://swissmodel.expasy.org/) and SEESAR software (version 9.1).
Results: Among 10 susceptible isolates, only one strain showed a high MIC value against voriconazole (MIC=4μg/ml) after 25 passages. Nevertheless, sequencing of the CYP51A promoter and full coding gene did not reveal any mutations. Cyproconazole, which has three nitrogen atoms in the aromatic ring, coordinated to the iron atom of heme through a hydrogen bond contact to residue Lys147 present in the active site of the A. fumigates Cyp51 homology model.
Conclusion: Cyproconazole is being applied extensively in wheat farms in Iran. According to the results, cyproconazole may not play a key role in the induction of azole resistance in the isolates through the environmental route. However, the potential ability of the fungicide to induce medically triazole-resistant strains over a long period of application should not be neglected.
Tinea gladiatorum due to Trichophyton tonsurans in a school wrestling team in Mexico: A case series
Authors: Bonifaz Alexandro , Araiza Javier , Tirado-Sánchez Andrés , Barbosa-Zamora Adriana , Gómez-Sáenz Alexander , Méndez-Juárez Andrea
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose: Tinea gladiatorum is a type of dermatophytosis that occurs in combat athletes, such as wrestlers and judo fighters, as a result of Trichophyton species. Herein, we aimed to present a small outbreak of tinea gladiatorum in a high school in Mexico.
Materials and Methods: Seven individuals belonging to the school fighting team were mycologically studied with direct examinations and cultures. In four cases, T. tonsurans was isolated and identified by morphological and proteomic methods (Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization- time-of-flight mass spectrometry). Out of the four subjects, two cases had clinical lesions presented as tinea corporis, and two cases were healthy carriers. Trichophyton tonsurans was also isolated from one of the four training mats (25%). All positive patients were treated with systemic or topical antifungals and achieved clinical and mycological cure.
Conclusion: We report the first outbreak of tinea gladiatorum caused by T. tonsurans among a group of high school wrestlers in Mexico.
Saprochaete clavata (Geotrichum clavatum) septicemia in a patient with multiple myeloma; An emerging case from Southeastern Turkey
Authors: Kangul Handan , Ozcan Nida , Uzuner Nurullah , Mete Mahmut , Mert Erginer Ufuk
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose: Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are life-threatening and can be seen in immuno-compromised patients with malignancy, those who undergo chemotherapy, or transplant recipients. The Candida and Aspergillus species are the most common IFI agents; however, infections can also be caused by rare fungal species. This case report is about a bloodstream infection due to Saprochaete clavata (formerly known as Geotrichum clavatum) in a woman with multiple myeloma.
Case report: A 59-years-old woman suffered from fever, widespread rashes, and diarrhea after an autologous bone marrow transplantation. Peripheral blood cultures were taken from the patient and sent to the microbiology laboratory. Cultures grew white to cream-colored cottony colonies. Moreover, septate and branched hyphae and arthroconidia were seen under a microscope by lactophenol blue staining. The fungi colonies were identified by Maldi Biotyper 3. 1. (manufactured by Bruker Daltonics, USA) as S. clavata (G. clavatum) with a reliable score. Antifungal susceptibility test was carried out by the concentration gradient strip Etest method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of Amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and anidulafungin were determined as 4, 3, 0.125, 0.125, and > 32 mg/dL, respectively. Despite amphotericin B treatment, the patient died three days after the identification of the fungi.
Conclusion: The IFIs are serious conditions that have high mortality rates. In the current case report, we aimed to draw attention to S. clavata which is a rare fungal agent.
Disruptive Innovations in Electronic Transportation Management Systems
Authors: Jović Marija , Tijan Edvard , Aksentijević Saša , Žgaljić Dražen
Published: April 2021

This paper provides an overview of selected disruptive innovations (Blockchain, Internet of Things and Big Data) in electronic transportation management systems in general, and their possible impact in maritime transport. The theoretical background is provided, including transportation, electronic transportation management systems and selected disruptive technologies. The impact, major challenges and success factors in implementing disruptive innovations in maritime transport are pointed out and elaborated. Finally, authors provide the discussion and the future perspective of selected disruptive innovations, with an emphasis on maritime transport.
It’s cool! analysis of factors that influence smart thermostat adoption intention
Authors: Mamonov Stanislav , Koufaris Marios
Published: April 2021

Smart thermostats represent an innovative smart home technology and a growing commercial opportunity, yet little is known about the salient factors that affect the adoption of such devices. To address this gap in research, we conduct a three-stage study that progresses through belief elicitation, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factory analysis within a nomological network. We leverage the mixed methods approach to explore the factorial structure of salient perceived benefits and concerns associated with smart thermostats, and we examine the effects of the emergent factors on the adoption intention. We discover that a novel factor, which we term techno-coolness, is the key predictor of the smart thermostat adoption intention. Techno-coolness encompasses the perceptions that a smart thermostat can make a home look modern and futuristic, be fun to use, and make the user feel technologically advanced. We also find that compatibility concerns as well as privacy concerns are significant impediments to the smart thermostat adoption intention.
Teachers’ Perspectives on Boys’ Underperformance in Education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Raza , Ullah Hazir
Published: April 2021

This article is an attempt to explore possible causes of boys’ underperformance in the Secondary School Certificate (SSC) and Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSSC) Annual examinations of the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. T he a im o f t he s tudy i s t o e xplore t he i ssue o f b oys’ underperformance from the perspectives of school and college teachers. Thus, the data for the study come from qualitative interviews with 30 school and college teachers (15 male and 15 female). We employed purposive sampling technique for including teachers. The findings of the study recommend that evidence-based strategies need to be adopted to improve boys’ academic performance and attitudes to learning.
Dylematy terminologiczne wokół pojęcia nadużycia w przedsiębiorstwach
Authors: Grzesiak Lena
Published: April 2021

Z chwilą, gdy pojawiła się działalność gospodarcza, pojawiła się chęć oszukiwania i naginania rzeczywistości w imię własnej korzyści (łac. pro bono sua). Artykuł jest próbą uporządkowania panującego chaosu terminologicznego wokół pojęcia nadużyć (ang. fraud) w przedsiębiorstwach prywatnych poprzez traktowanie nadużyć jako pojęcia parasolowego. Sugestia ta została wysunięta w ramach pracy magisterskiej obronionej w 2015 roku w Katedrze Finansów i Rachunkowości MŚP UŁ. Promotorem była dr A. Skoczylas-Tworek. Zastosowana przeze mnie metoda badawcza to krytyczna analiza obecnego piśmiennictwa.
Wpływ implementacji podatku bankowego na banki notowane na warszawskiej giełdzie papierów wartościowych
Authors: Kuta Katarzyna , Rudnicki Krzysztof
Published: April 2021

Artykuł skupia się wokół zagadnienia podatku bankowego i jego wpływu na banki notowane na Warszawskiej Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych. Opracowanie bazuje na założonej przez autorów hipotezie, iż podatek bankowy wywiera znaczący wpływ na wyniki finansowe banków. W pracy zawarte zostały zarówno teoretyczne, jak i empiryczne konkluzje związane z tym zagadnieniem. Artykuł zawiera również autorskie badanie przeprowadzone na Warszawskiej Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych.
Antifungal activity of Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningiopsis against Fusarium solani in seed germination and vigor of Miahuateco chili seedlings
Authors: Miguel-Ferrer Leydi , Romero-Arenas Omar , Andrade-Hoyos Petra , Sánchez-Morales Primo , Rivera-Tapia José Antonio , Fernández-Pavía Sylvia Patricia
Published: April 2021

El chile es la segunda hortaliza de mayor producción en México. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la actividad antagónica in vitro e in vivo de Trichoderma harzianum (T-H4) y T. koningiopsis (T-K11) versus Fusarium solani (MX-MIC 798) en la germinación y establecimiento de plántula de chile Miahuateco. Se utilizó la técnica de cultivo dual para determinar el porcentaje de inhibición de crecimiento radial (PICR) de la cepa MX-MIC 798. Además, se analizó el porcentaje de germinación en semillas de chile Miahuateco en vivero, así como la mortalidad de plántulas y grado de severidad a los 40 días después del trasplante (ddt) en Santa María Tecomavaca, Oaxaca, a través de biocontrol y control químico (Mancozeb 80®). La cepa T-H4 presentó el nivel antagónico PICR más alto (53.3%) in vitro y clase II en la escala de Bell, asimismo obtuvo 82% de germinación en semillas de chile Miahuateco en vivero y 48% de mortalidad en campo; de manera que igualó al control químico y superó a T. koningiopsis T-K11. La actividad antifúngica de Trichoderma spp., ofrecen una alternativa para el biocontrol de la marchitez y necrosis en raíz del cultivo de chile Miahuateco causada por F. solani MX-MIC 798.
Nature and Magnitude of Genetic Divergence among Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Genotypes
Authors: . Sidramappa , Kuchanur P.H. , Shobharani M. , Arunkumar B. , Kulkarni S.A. , Sowmya H.C.
Published: April 2021

Background: The choice of parents is a very crucial step which decides the success or failure of any plant breeding programme. Using the diversity analysis, parents with high diversity can be chosen to generate high magnitude of useful variability. Therefore, the present investigation was planned to assess the genetic divergence among 100 genotypes of blackgram for identification of diverse genotypes for their utilization in breeding programme. Methods: The material for study consisted of 100 blackgram genotypes collected from different sources and were evaluated at ARS, Bidar during kharif-2018. The experimental trial was laid out in lattice design (10×10) with two replications. Observations on 12 quantitative characters. The genetic divergence was assessed by using Mahalanobis’ generalized distance (D2) and clustering of genotypes by Tocher’s method. Result: The relative contribution of each character to the total diversity was different and contribution of days to maturity was maximum (66.04%) followed by reproductive period (15.86%). The genotypes were grouped into nine clusters by Tocher’s method. The cluster pattern revealed that, cluster II was the largest with 28 genotypes followed by cluster I (26), V (19), III (11), IV (10) and VII (3) and remaining viz., VI, VIII and IX were solitary clusters. The inter-cluster distance ranged from 15.50 to 514.44 indicating high magnitude of diversity. The genotypes belonging to cluster III viz., BDU-20, BDU-3-20, BDU-68, TRCRU-22 possessed desirable traits like earliness and higher seed size and genotypes of cluster IV viz., BDU-9, BDU-10, LBG-752 possessed traits like higher reproductive period, maturity and high seed yield were identified as diverse. These genotypes could be involved in recombination breeding programme for the improvement productivity in blackgram.
The Role Effects of Dietary Fiber on Intestinal Microbial Composition and Digestive Physiological Functions of Pigs: A Review
Authors: Hussein Saddam , Xiaoying Yu , Farouk Mohammed Hamdy , Abdeen Ahmed , Hussein Abdelaziz , Hailong Jiang
Published: April 2021

The intestinal microbes do not only provide nutrients for their host, but it also contributes to the maintenance of intestinal micro ecological balance, which are essential for ensuring a healthy development of the intestine, dietary fiber is one of the substrates for intestinal microbial fermentation. This can improve the structure of intestinal microflora and is of great significance in maintaining intestinal health. The research on the efficacy of dietary fiber on pig intestinal microbes and the factors affecting the intestinal microbial utilization of dietary fibre in pigs is reviewed, which provides a theoretical basis for further research on the production practice of dietary fiber addition in pig breeding industry. As well, a good digestive physiological environment is essential for pigs to benefit from the nutrients and to increase their productivity. Adding the appropriate amounts of fiber to pig diets plays an important role in regulating the digestive physiology of pig intestinal microflora, digestive tract pH, digestive juice secretion, digestive enzyme activity, digestive tract organs and their morphology. This article reviews the effects of dietary fiber on the digestive physiology of pigs.
Circunferencia escrotal como criterio de selección para carneros de reemplazo
Authors: Pabón-Quevedo Héctor Yezid , Pulido-Medellín Martín Orlando
Published: April 2021

Resumen

Para seleccionar los carneros que entran a formar parte del rebaño, en el grupo de los reproductores, la evaluación de la aptitud reproductiva ha resultado ser una excelente herramienta; esta evaluación consta de un examen físico general, una prueba andrológico y un espermograma. Dentro de la prueba andrológico, la medida de la circunferencia escrotal ha tenido importancia, debido a que hace referencia al tamaño testicular definido en centímetros, la cual está relacionada con la capacidad del testículo para producir espermatozoides y por ende con la fertilidad del macho reproductor. Su uso se ha extendido por ser de fácil y confiable medición; presenta correlaciones significativas con medidas morfométricas especialmente con el peso corporal y es una característica heredable a las futuras generaciones; esta correlación positiva también se ha determinado con el espermograma, debido a que tanto el volumen seminal, concentración y calidad espermática tienen una relación directa con la medida de la circunferencia escrotal. Finalmente, cuando el carnero ha sido valorado y se encuentra apto para servir, es el mismo carnero que demuestra el resultado con su capacidad de servicio, expresada en habilidad para la monta y la libido o deseo sexual. La evaluación de la aptitud reproductiva constituye parámetros para una eficiente selección, en la que se debe tener en cuenta también factores inherentes al animal como son factores nutricionales, aspectos medioambientales, la raza y factores endocrinos, que de una u otra forma pueden afectar la conducta sexual del carnero. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión de literatura que permita identificar la utilidad de la prueba andrológico en el carnero, haciendo énfasis en la medida de la circunferencia escrotal como indicador de la calidad espermática y de la eficiencia reproductiva para la selección de sementales.
Extracción de ADN bacteriano a partir de cuerpos de agua de uso agrícola
Authors: Forero Pineda Nicolas , Marín - Suárez Johana , Forero- Ulloa Fabio Emilio , Gómez-Palacio Andrés
Published: April 2021

Dentro del proceso agrícola se usan diferentes tipos de cuerpos de agua, por esto el conocimiento de la productividad del cultivo debe incluir el entendimiento del flujo del material microbiológico presente en las fuentes de agua usadas. La última aproximación metodológica pretende la identificación de comunidades bacterianas mediante el análisis de secuencias de ADN reveladas en muestras ambientales. Debido a la alta contaminación que pueden tener las muestras ambientales es importante llevar a cabo un proceso de extracción de ADN óptimo que permita realizar un posterior análisis molecular por métodos basados en PCR. Por esta razón, el objetivo del presente artículo es describir un protocolo químico de extracción de ADN bacteriano para cuerpos de agua usados en la actividad agrícola local, que sea sencillo, eficiente y rápido de aplicar, para obtener ADN de calidad. A partir de muestras de agua obtenidas del lago de Tota (Boyacá, Colombia), se extrajo ADN bacteriano mediante un protocolo químico modificado y comparado con un método estándar comercial. Como resultado se obtuvo ADN bacteriano con una concentración superior a 140 ng/ul y una pureza >1,7 A260/280, resultados similares a los obtenidos con el método estándar comercial con una concentración máxima de 45,94 ng/ul y una pureza superior a 1,8 A260/280. Los resultados sugieren que este protocolo de extracción de ADN es un método rápido y de bajo costo con el cual se obtiene ADN de elevada calidad y pureza que puede ser utilizado en cualquier análisis molecular.
La producción del espacio urbano capitalista: aportes del funcionalismo, la Escuela de Chicago, Henri Lefebvre y Manuel Castells
Authors: L'Huillier Francisco José
Published: April 2021

El artículo examina los principales debates teóricos que se han constituido desde las ciencias sociales en torno al proceso de producción del espacio en las ciudades capitalistas entre principios del siglo XX y la década de los setenta, colocando en perspectiva tanto sus contribuciones como sus limitaciones a la luz de los debates recientes en torno a la cuestión urbana. Si bien los autores y las corrientes de pensamiento que han abordado estos objetos de estudio son ciertamente numerosos, se revisa solo un grupo reducido: el urbanismo funcionalista, la Escuela de Chicago y la sociología urbana crítica (con Henri Lefebvre y Manuel Castells), ya que dichas incursiones teóricas son las más destacadas en el intento por elaborar una reflexión integral sobre la cuestión urbana. A partir del análisis de la literatura y las conceptualizaciones más representativas de cada una de estas corrientes, se evidencia que sus formulaciones responden íntimamente al contexto histórico en el cual emergen, explicitándose en ellas una particular articulación entre espacio, política y sociedad. Así, se demuestra cómo el urbanismo funcionalista y la Escuela de Chicago surgen en función de problematizar y reestructurar, en el plano de la práctica urbanística, los desequilibrios socioespaciales del proceso de urbanización de finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, mientras que la sociología urbana crítica pone en cuestión el conjunto de premisas que sostenían aquellas escuelas precursoras, para lo cual ahondará en el estudio de las dinámicas o conflictos de clase que oculta el proceso de producción del espacio.
El cine de ciencia ficción para desarrollar cuestiones sociocientíficas y el pensamiento crítico
Authors: Petit Maria Francisca , Solbes Jordi , Torres Nidia Yaneth
Published: April 2021

Este artículo de reflexión describe cómo el cine de ciencia ficción [CCF] puede ser utilizado en la enseñanza de las ciencias desde la perspectiva de las cuestiones sociocientíficas [CSC] para contribuir al desarrollo de competencias de pensamiento crítico [PC], ya que el CCF se nutre de la ciencia, de la que obtiene conocimiento, pero también de problemáticas que relacionan el mundo científico con la sociedad, la economía o la moral. Por ello, se reflexiona sobre el PC y su relación con las ciencias. A continuación, vemos que el cine legitima visiones del mundo. Sin embargo, debido a que el CCF trata temas como la manipulación genética, la inteligencia artificial o el calentamiento global, que incorporan aspectos científicos, sociales, económicos, políticos y éticos controversiales, nos permite hacer uso de estos en un enfoque de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad en la enseñanza de las ciencias. Por último, se analizan algunas películas de CCF para diseñar, a partir de ellas, CSC para el aula, aspecto que puede incidir en las formas de percibir la ciencia en los estudiantes.
derivas del pensar cinematográfico como provocaciones para la enseñanza de la filosofía
Authors: Galazzi Laura
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se considera al cine como una forma de pensamiento. Se exploran tres modalidades del pensar cinematográfico basadas en clasificaciones teóricas generales surgidas en los estudios cinematográficos, con el propósito de desarrollar posibles aportes a la enseñanza de la filosofía. La primera se funda en el cine clásico y se conecta con una perspectiva instrumental del uso del cine en la enseñanza, que apunta a potenciar habilidades lógico-racionales o a ser una herramienta crítica de la razón instrumental. La segunda modalidad corresponde a las exploraciones propias del cine moderno. Se vincula este pensar con las modalidades de trabajo en enseñanza de la filosofía, que apuntan a realizar experiencias abiertas a los afectos, los cuerpos y otras perspectivas propias de exploraciones pedagógico-filosóficas contemporáneas. Finalmente se propone, a partir del cine digital, incorporar la realización de audiovisuales como una modalidad de trabajo en el aula de filosofía. Se desarrollan los fundamentos estético-políticos de esa necesidad y se hace referencia al tipo de circulación que tienen las imágenes en la cultura contemporánea. Luego se sistematiza la experiencia de un taller de realización de videominutos en el que se trabajó desde esa perspectiva.
Microanálisis fílmico y teoría del cine en la alfabetización audiovisual: estrategias didácticas desde y para la práctica docente universitaria
Authors: González de Arce Rocío Betzabeé
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo propone que el análisis de secuencias cinematográficas (microanálisis fílmico) es una herramienta pedagógica efectiva para la enseñanza de la teoría del cine dirigida a públicos no especializados, y que tal enseñanza teórica constituye el primer paso hacia la alfabetización audiovisual de dichos públicos. El texto busca ser una guía práctica para docentes que deseen promover en sus aulas el alfabetismo audiovisual a través de la discusión teórica y el análisis cinematográfico, y se estructura alrededor de tres grupos de teorías: a) Realismo, b) Formalismo / Constructivismo y c) Neoformalismo / Cognitivismo / Postestructuralismo. En cada sección se hace una descripción detallada de las dinámicas que la autora lleva a cabo en el salón de clase alrededor de ciertas secuencias cinematográficas para propiciar que los alumnos reflexionen, como parte de un proceso alfabetizador, sobre distintas maneras de conceptualizar el cine. Las secuencias trabajadas pertenecen a las películas High Anxiety (Mel Brooks, 1977), La diligencia (John Ford, 1939), Los sueños de Akira Kurosawa (episodio "Cuervos", Akira Kurosawa, 1990), La invención de Hugo (Martin Scorsese, 2011) y Super Fantozzi (Neri Parenti, 1986).
El cine de ciencia ficción como condición que posibilita repensar lo vivo y la vida
Authors: Jaramillo Sánchez Claudia Janneth
Published: April 2021

El artículo presenta algunos planteamientos sobre el cine de ciencia ficción y la enseñanza de las ciencias, particularmente de la biología. Se problematizan de diferentes maneras las relaciones entre cine y enseñanza, así como entre lo vivo y la vida en el presente de cara hacia el futuro. Cuatro filmes de ciencia ficción se analizan desde una perspectiva filosófica. A partir de la experiencia de la autora, se ponen en diálogo los conceptos-imagen de las cintas, el impacto emocional y la inquietud, a través de una exploración visual que, más allá de complementar la palabra, busca provocar el pensamiento. Los filmes de ciencia ficción acerca del transhumanismo y de la extinción humana sugieren repensar, desde una mirada reflexiva, las relaciones que entablamos con nosotros mismos, con los otros y con el mundo que habitamos; en pocas palabras, nuestras maneras de proceder ante lo vivo y la vida, que no se agotan en los contenidos y competencias requeridas, sino que trascienden hacia la pretensión de traer a la escena de la enseñanza nuestro gesto ético como posibilidad de invención y elección.
El cine como recurso pedagógico para promover el engagement en la educación superior
Authors: Dias-Trindade Sara , Moreira José António , Rigo Rosa Maria
Published: April 2021

The use of cinema in an educational context adds opportunities in an upward spiral, bringing out senses and meanings for new and exciting learnings. This article aims to analyze whether the use of cinema in an educational context promotes emotional, physical and cognitive engagement. Methodologically, the study combines a qualitative investigation, supported by the assumptions of Bardin (2010). The results reveal that the students consider that the use of cinema can provide: 1) levels of emotional, physical and cognitive engagement facilitated and enhanced, 2) sharing of more optimized knowledge, 3) expansion of vocabulary and cultural background, 4) affinity with the challenge and research, 5) appreciation of the opinion of peers, 6) improvement in self-perception, motivation and interest in deepening themes focused on the discipline, 7) immediate and optimized feedback, culminating in teacher-student satisfaction.
Educación en ciencias desde diferentes contextos culturales y ambientales: contribuciones didácticas curriculares
Authors: Ruiz Sandra Elvira
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se evidencia la necesidad de vincular la educación de ciencias con la diversidad cultural y ambiental, para la construcción pedagógica y didáctica de la ciencia escolar, con el fin de integrar el mundo de la vida con las interacciones que en él se generan para la construcción de conocimiento. Los objetivos fueron hallar el sentido que le otorgan profesores de básica y media a la vinculación del contexto cultural y ambiental en la educación en ciencias; y analizar sus ideas y experiencias significativas. La metodología tuvo un carácter cualitativo que, en lo ontológico, abordó una realidad de naturaleza cultural diversa y subjetiva; y un carácter hermenéutico, por el tipo de análisis interpretativo de los datos. En los resultados, se destaca la construcción de categorías para integrar el contexto cultural y ambiental en las construcciones didácticas para promover aprendizajes en los que se reconocen la ciencia como construcción cultural y los aportes para la transformación curricular al integrar características de los territorios.
El aprendizaje basado en problemas: una propuesta de cualificación docente
Authors: Hernández Rubinsten , Moreno Sandra Maritza
Published: April 2021

En este texto se describe una experiencia investigativa de cualificación con profesores de ciencias naturales, que tuvo por objetivo que ellos se apropiaran de una estrategia de trabajo escolar y así consideraran alternativas que favorecieran el desarrollo de competencias, de pensamiento crítico y de construcción de conocimiento científico escolar; además de que reconocieran el valor del trabajo en equipo para favorecer el desarrollo de aprendizajes. La propuesta recoge la experiencia, las consideraciones y las sugerencias de dos años de implementación. Se desarrolló a partir de una estructura organizada en etapas y se tuvo presente la coherencia entre los elementos conceptuales de la estrategia de aprendizaje basado en problemas y su puesta en marcha. La estrategia toma como base la literatura existente en el campo, pero se ajustó a los contextos específicos de desarrollo. Los resultados permitieron evidenciar la potencia de la estrategia. Se destaca el trabajo cooperativo, los conceptos estructurantes y el proceso metacognitivo, entre otros aspectos; pero, a la vez, se reconocen sus limitaciones en relación con el tiempo de diseño del problema y la puesta en marcha de la estrategia.
Empirical power consumption characterization and energy aware scheduling in data centers
Authors: Muraña Jonathan
Published: April 2021

Energy-efficient management is key to reduce operational cost and environmental contamination in modern data centers. Energy management and renewable energy utilization are strategies to optimize energy consumption in high-performance computing. In any case, understanding the power consumption behavior of physical servers in datacenter is fundamental to implement energy-aware policies effectively. These policies should deal with possible performance degradation of applications to ensure quality of service.  This manuscript presents an empirical evaluation of power consumption for scientific computing applications in multicore systems. Three types of applications are studied, in single and combined executions on Intel and AMD servers, for evaluating the overall power consumption of each application. The main results indicate that power consumption behavior has a strong dependency with the type of application. Additional performance analysis shows that the best load of the server regarding energy efficiency depends on the type of the applications, with efficiency decreasing in heavily loaded situations. These results allow formulating models to characterize applications according to power consumption, efficiency, and resource sharing, which provide useful information for resource management and scheduling policies. Several scheduling strategies are evaluated using the proposed energy model over realistic scientific computing workloads. Results confirm that strategies that maximize host utilization provide the best energy efficiency.
Accelerating advanced preconditioning methods on hybrid architectures
Authors: Dufrechou Ernesto
Published: April 2021

Many problems, in diverse areas of science and engineering, involve the solution of largescale sparse systems of linear equations. In most of these scenarios, they are also a computational bottleneck, and therefore their efficient solution on parallel architectureshas motivated a tremendous volume of research.This dissertation targets the use of GPUs to enhance the performance of the solution of sparse linear systems using iterative methods complemented with state-of-the-art preconditioned techniques. In particular, we study ILUPACK, a package for the solution of sparse linear systems via Krylov subspace methods that relies on a modern inverse-based multilevel ILU (incomplete LU) preconditioning technique.We present new data-parallel versions of the preconditioner and the most important solvers contained in the package that significantly improve its performance without affecting its accuracy. Additionally we enhance existing task-parallel versions of ILUPACK for shared- and distributed-memory systems with the inclusion of GPU acceleration. The results obtained show a sensible reduction in the runtime of the methods, as well as the possibility of addressing large-scale problems efficiently.
Evaluation of patients hospitalized in a geriatrics clinic during normalization process of SARS CoV-2
Authors: KOSUVA ÖZTÜRK Zehra , SAĞLANMAK KABADAYI Sinem , ŞAHİN Sevnaz , AKÇİÇEK Selahattin Fehmi
Published: April 2021

Aim: The pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 was more severe and

more fatal for elders and individuals who have chronic diseases. The treatment may be delayed due to

the elders’ “fear of infection” in hospitals. This study aimed to evaluate the data of older patients who

were admitted to the Geriatrics clinic in the normalization period.

Materials and Methods: The data was retrieved between June-August 2020, retrospectively from the

file database for older patients who were hospitalized in a geriatrics clinic of a university hospital.

Results: 23 patients were included in the study and their mean age was 81.4±7.4 years. The most

common symptoms at admission were changes in consciousness, weight loss, and malnutrition,

respectively. The duration of symptoms was less than a month in 56.5% of patients, 1-3 months in

17.4% of patients, and more than 3 months in 26.1% of patients. The most common indications were

delirium, urinary tract infection, and acute renal failure, respectively 73.9% of patients applied from the

outpatient clinics and 26.1% from the emergency clinic. The mean hospitalization duration was 24.2 ±

17,2 days. 43.5% of patients had delirium and 21.7% had pressure ulcers during their hospitalization.

Conclusion: The hospitalization indications had variations, outpatient hospitalizations were higher,

and the duration of hospitalization was longer during normalization process of SARS CoV-2.

Approximately, half of the patients had symptoms for more than a month and it is an important point to

be investigated. In addition, geriatric syndromes such as delirium and pressure ulcer increased in this

process
Genetic variability antioxidant activity of blood plasma in urban population (Seversk) of Tomsk region
Authors: Marusin A. V. , Puzyryov V. P. , Salyukov V. B. , Bragina E. Yu.
Published: April 2021

Antioxidant activity (AOA) was measured in 185 inhabitants of the town of Seversk (members of 43 families and unrelated individuals). AOA was defined on the ability of a blood plasma to reduce an output of products, reacting with thiobarbituric acid in the model system «lecithine-Fe2 +-ions». Polymorphism of gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase (GPX2) gene (two-allelic dinucleotide (TC)n repeat polymorphism) was investigated in 208 individuals. The presence of seasonal changes was revealed and no influences of sex and age on AOA in the considered group were shown. Approximately 50% variance in total AOA was due to the additive effects of genes. No statistical significant association between genetic variability of GPX2 and AOA variation was revealed. Estimation of GPX2 genetic variability contribution to AOA level was 2.53%.
Consequences of internalization and phagocytosis of Listeria during an infectious process
Authors: Odintsov Yu. N. , Perelmuter V. M.
Published: April 2021

In the article there have been discussed the consequences of Listeria internalization and phagocytosis depending on hepatocyte and macrophage receptors type (Met, gC1q-R, C3b-R, Fc-R). It has been supposed that internalization and phagocytosis variant depended on the stage (inductive stage, IgM synthesis stage, IgG synthesis stage) of immunogenesis developing during an infectious process. It has been stated that internalization and phagocytosis mechanism was alternative and defined the destiny of a causative agent in hepatocyte and macrophage as well as the possibility of granulomas formation and of their reverse development.
Biological properties of lactobacillus
Authors: Glushanova N. A.
Published: April 2021

Lactobacillus are an important component of the human and animal resident microflora. Lactobacillus possess a pronounced antagonist activity with respect to pathogens and conditionally pathogens as well as to other kinds and even to lactobacillus strains. Lactobacillus have immunomodulatory and antineoplastic effects, decrease cholesterol content and synthesize vitamins and other bioactive substances. Along with the positive effect on the human health lactobacillus may be a reason of diseases of people with secondary immunodeficiency. L. casei sp. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, L. brevis, L. lactis, L. fermentum, L. acidophilus and L. salivarius have been registered as causative agents. Hyperlactacidemia syndrome of children during bowels colonization by L. fermentum and L. buchneri has been described. Some L. buchneri strains are able to synthesize histamine that may be a reason of food toxicosis. Lactobacillus strains used as probiotics for correction of resident microflora imbalance as well as in production of functional foods, should not possess the properties, negatively affecting a human organism.
Negligence as a condition of civil liability of health care institutions
Authors: Vasilyeva Ye. Ye.
Published: April 2021

In this article a significance of a negligence of health care institutions when bringing them to civil liability has been investigated. A common rule of assignment of responsibility only when guilty has been examined as well as an exclusion of responsibility in case of increased (guiltless) liability. Examples have been given and a legal treatment of situations when a mutual contributory negligence took place (executor’s negligence as well as recipient’s (patient’s) negligence) has been presented. The significance of presumption of innocence in civil law has been revealed.