bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional hybridisation and introgression between introduced European brown hare, Lepus europaeus and the endemic Irish hare, L. timidus hibernicus
Authors: Reid Neil , Hughes Maria F. , Hynes Rosaleen A. , Montgomery W. Ian , Prodöhl Paulo A.
Published: October 2022

Introduced non-native species can threaten native species through interspecific hybridisation and genetic introgression. We assessed the prevalence of hybridisation and introgression between introduced European brown hare, Lepus europaeus, and the endemic Irish hare, L. timidus hibernicus. Roadkill hares (n = 56) were sequenced for a 379bp section of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop and a 474bp segment of the nuclear transferrin (Tf) gene. A species-specific indel in the transferrin gene was present in L.t. hibernicus and absent in L. europaeus. Excluding three hares from which molecular data could not be recovered, 28 hares (53%) were native L.t. hibernicus, 7 (13%) were non-native L. europaeus and 18 (34%) were hybrids; of which 5 (28%) were first generation (F1) involving bidirectional crosses with mismatched nuclear and mtDNA (3 ♂ europaeus x ♀ hibernicus and 2 ♂ hibernicus x ♀ europaeus). Mixed nuclear transferrin sequences suggested 13 (72%) of hybrids were at least 2nd generation (F2) with 9 (69%) possessing L.t. hibernicus and 4 (31%) L. europaeus mtDNA (the latter indicative of hybrid backcrossing with the non-native). The prevalence of hybridisation at similar mountain-brown hare contact zones throughout Europe is notably lower (4–16%) and typically unidirectional (♂ europaeus x ♀ timidus). A high prevalence of bidirectional hybridisation and introgression (in association with projected climate change) may favour the introduced species over the native. Genetic surveillance and population monitoring are needed to further explore the potential conservation implications of European brown hare in Ireland.
Early right ventricular dysfunction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in anterior versus isolated inferior myocardial infarction assessed by tissue Doppler imaging and speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Radwan Hanan Ibrahim , Alhoseeny Ahmed Mostafa Abdelhaleem , Ghoniem Salwa Mohamed , Nashy Baher Nabil Eldesouky , Shehata Islam Elsayed
Published: October 2022

This study hypothesized that imaging provides information indicating the right ventricular (RV) involvement after anterior or inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), beyond standard electrocardiogram (ECG) due to the increasing interest in RV function and assessment techniques. This study aimed to compare RV function between anterior and inferior MI without RV involvement using different echocardiographic modalities. This study included 100 patients with anterior (50 patients) and inferior (50 patients) STEMI, who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging within 24 h after PPCI with RV function analysis by left ventricular (LV) infarct size, LV filling pressure, and RV strain rate. Our primary endpoint was the subclinical RV dysfunction in anterior or inferior MI using tissue Doppler and speckle tracking (STE). The study population included 80 (80%) males and 20 (20%) females. Patients with the anterior STEMI had higher mean creatine kinase-MB (CKMB) and troponin than those with inferior STEMI. This study revealed worse RV dysfunction in patients with anterior than those with inferior STEMI, as reflected by significantly lower RV systolic function, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (p ≤ 0.0001), tissue Doppler-derived velocity (p ≤ 0.0001), and STE-derived strain magnitude and rate (p ≤ 0.0001). RV dysfunction occurs in patients without ECG evidence of RV STEMI. RV dysfunction is worse in anterior than inferior MI. Moreover, RV systolic functions were affected by declined LV ejection fraction irrespective of the infarction site, which clinically implies prognostic, treatment, survival rate, and outcome improvement between both conditions. (Trial registration ZU-IRB#:4142/26–12-2017 Registered 26 December 2017, email: IRB_123@medicine.zu.edu.eg).
Indigenous Knowledge, Aspiration, and Potential Application in Contemporary Fire Mitigation in Southwest Australia
Authors: Rodrigues Ursula , Lullfitz Alison , Coyne Lester , Dean Averil , Eades Aden , Flowers Ezzard , Knapp Lynette , Pettersen Carol , Woods Treasy , Hopper Stephen D.
Published: October 2022

Protection of biodiversity, human assets, and cultural heritage pose significant challenges to contemporary planning of bushfire mitigation activities. Current mitigation approaches are not always appropriate, and mismanagement is a source of distress for Indigenous peoples. Increased understanding of Indigenous fire knowledge and increased Indigenous participation may provide insight into more appropriate and inclusive land management for fire mitigation. We analysed contemporary Noongar and Western fire practitioner approaches within an Indigenous fire knowledge (IFK) framework to explore knowledge and aspirations for small reserves in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) global biodiversity hotspot. We recorded an extensive knowledge base, characterised by a highly nuanced approach to burning, held by the Noongar coauthors. We explore potential approaches to applying this knowledge to build collaborative fire mitigation strategies with mutually beneficial outcomes for biodiversity, cultural heritage, and human assets.
First releases of hatchery-produced Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis), brill (Scophthalmus rhombus), and wedge sole (Dicologoglossa cuneata) juveniles in the South-western Spanish coast
Authors: Herrera Marcelino , Rodiles Ana , Salamanca Natalia , Navas Jose Ignacio , Cordero María Luisa , Hachero Ismael
Published: October 2022

The regression of fisheries in the Gulf of Cadiz is evident since current fish catches are 33% of that 30 years before. Consequently, some initiatives for the replenishment of exhausted wild stocks are welcome. The objective of the present work is to describe and analyse the results coming from the first flatfish stock enhancements in Andalusia. A total of 3189 fish from three flatfish species: Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup), wedge sole (Dicologlossa cuneata Moreau), and brill (Scophthalmus rhombus Linnaeus) were tagged and released. Several variables were calculated through the data analysis of recovered fish. Some variables were calculated only for Senegal soles since wedge sole and brill recaptures were not significant. The Senegal sole recapture rate was 2.71 ± 0.72, similar to other published data, the recapture rates for bigger fish being higher though not significant. No significant differences were detected for distance, time, growth, or recapture rate amongst initial Senegal sole sizes. Around 80% of recaptures were registered within 15 weeks after release. The results show that it is possible for the release and recovery of tagged Senegal soles in the Gulf of Cadiz. Future long-term programmes on stock enhancement could help to determine the effects on fisheries and recover stocks.
The IFMIF-DONES Project: Design Status and Main Achievements Within the EUROfusion FP8 Work Programme
Authors: Bernardi D. , Ibarra A. , Arbeiter F. , Arranz F. , Cappelli M. , Cara P. , Castellanos J. , Dzitko H. , García A. , Gutiérrez J. , Królas W. , Martin-Fuertes F. , Micciché G. , Muñoz A. , Nitti F. S. , Pinna T. , Podadera I. , Pons J. , Qiu Y. , Román R.
Published: October 2022

International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility-DEMO-Oriented NEutron Source (IFMIF-DONES) is a high-intensity neutron irradiation facility for qualification of fusion reactor materials, which is being designed as part of the European roadmap to fusion-generated electricity. Its main purpose is to study the behavior of materials properties under irradiation in a neutron flux able to simulate the same effects in terms of relevant nuclear responses as those expected in the first wall of the DEMO reactor which is envisaged to follow ITER. It is thus a key facility to support the design, licensing and safe operation of DEMO as well as of the fusion power plants that will be developed afterwards. The start of its construction is foreseen in the next few years. In this contribution, an overview of the IFMIF-DONES neutron source is presented together with a snapshot of the current engineering design status and of the relevant key results achieved within the EUROfusion Work Package Early Neutron Source (WPENS) as part of the 2014–2020 EURATOM Research and Training Programme, complementary to the EU Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (FP8). Moreover, some information on the future developments of the project are given.
Nonlinear interaction of parametric excitation and self-excited vibration in a 4 DoF discontinuous system
Authors: Sani Godwin , Balaram Bipin , Awrejcewicz Jan
Published: October 2022

Interaction between parametric excitation and self-excited vibration has been subjected to numerous investigations in continuous systems. The ability of parametric excitation to quench self-excited vibrations in such systems has also been well documented. But such effects in discontinuous systems do not seem to have received comparable attention. In this article, we investigate the interaction between parametric excitation and self-excited vibration in a four degree of freedom discontinuous mechanical system. Unlike majority of studies in which oscillatory nature of stiffness accounts for parametric excitation, we consider a much more practical case in which parametric excitation is provided by a massless rotor of rectangular cross section with a cylinder-like mass concentrated at the center. The rotor arrangement is placed on a friction-induced self-excited support in the form of a frame placed on a belt moving with constant velocity. This frame is connected to a supplementary mass. A Stribeck friction model is considered for the mass in contact with the belt. The frictional force between the mass and the belt is oscillatory in nature because of the variation of normal force due to parametric excitation from the rotor. Our investigations reveal mutual synchronization of parametric excitation and self-excited vibration in the system for specific parameter values. The existence of a stable limit cycle with constant synchronized fundamental frequency, for a range of parametric excitation frequencies, is established numerically. Investigation based on frequency spectra and Lissajous curves reveals complex synchronization patterns owing to the presence of higher harmonics. The system is also shown to exhibit Neimark–Sacker bifurcations under the variation of belt velocity. Furthermore, variation in belt velocity and coupling stiffness is seen to cause a breakup of quasi-periodic torus with small-amplitude oscillations to form large amplitude chaotic orbits. This points toward the possibility of vibration suppression in the system by tuning the parameters for stabilizing the small-amplitude quasi-periodic response. An example of co-existence of different attractors in the system is also presented.
Assessing the effectiveness of the TaMATE1B and TaALMT1 genes to enhance the Al3+ tolerance of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) grown under controlled conditions and in the field
Authors: Kawasaki Akitomo , Wasson Anton P. , Kielnhofer Evangeline , Ryan Peter R. , Delhaize Emmanuel
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Durum wheat is sensitive of acid soils because it lacks effective genes for Al3+ tolerance. Previous research showed introgression of the TaMATE1B and TaALMT1 genes individually increased the Al3+ tolerance of durum wheat. Here we aimed to (a) combine the genes into a single durum line, (b) compare the various introgression lines and (c) establish the effectiveness of the introgressions in improving the acid soil tolerance in the field.

Methods

Durum wheat lines homozygous for Al3+-tolerant alleles of TaMATE1B and TaALMT1 were crossed to develop a line that incorporated both genes. The parental cultivar, lines with the individual genes and the line with both genes introgressed were screened for Al3+ tolerance by hydroponic and soil cultures in a growth cabinet. The lines were also assessed for biomass production and grain yield in the field on acid soils.

Results

The durum wheat lines with the various Al3+-tolerance genes introgressed performed better based on root growth than Jandaroi, the parental cultivar, in both hydroponic and soil assays when grown in a cabinet. The various introgression lines were tolerant of acid soils compared to Jandaroi when grown in the field as assessed by shoot biomass and grain yield.

Conclusion

The TaALMT1 and TaMATE1B genes improve the acid soil tolerance of durum wheat with indications that combining both genes is the most effective strategy. The various lines will be valuable to breeders who wish to enhance the acid soil tolerance of durum germplasm.
Educational needs, motives and experiences of sex care workers for people with disabilities in the Netherlands
Authors: Hilberink S. R. , van der Stege H. A. , Kelders Y.
Published: October 2022

In some countries, personal assistants may facilitate sexual engagement of people with disabilities. A specific form of facilitating sexuality are services that offer paid sex with sex care workers. In the Netherlands, there is no training available for sex care workers. To provide input for such training, this study examined sex care workers’ (perceived importance of) knowledge about sexuality and relevant aspects of sex care, their educational needs, motives for becoming a sex care worker, and experiences. An online survey was completed by 29 sex care workers (response rate 52%). The sex care workers expressed high importance of knowledge and generally reported good, but slightly lower current knowledge levels on these aspects. Educational needs included both general and disability-related sexuality and sexual problems and how to deal with problem behaviors and/or emotional disinhibition. Some participants indicated that learning how to prevent physical strain was important. The importance of setting boundaries was reported. Overall, participants experienced little stigma, although few reported negative experiences. Important motives for sex care work included the lack of attention to sexuality support for clients with disabilities and wanting to contribute to clients’ sexual citizenship. The formulated educational needs may be helpful in the development of such training. In addition to knowledge and practical skills, the training should pay attention to discovering and setting boundaries, providing a safe space for reflection on one’s own body experience and ethics, as well as considering the clients’ perspectives.
Noble Gases and Stable Isotopes Track the Origin and Early Evolution of the Venus Atmosphere
Authors: Avice Guillaume , Parai Rita , Jacobson Seth , Labidi Jabrane , Trainer Melissa G. , Petkov Mihail P.
Published: October 2022

The composition the atmosphere of Venus results from the integration of many processes entering into play over the entire geological history of the planet. Determining the elemental abundances and isotopic ratios of noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) and stable isotopes (H, C, N, O, S) in the Venus atmosphere is a high priority scientific target since it could open a window on the origin and early evolution of the entire planet. This chapter provides an overview of the existing dataset on noble gases and stable isotopes in the Venus atmosphere. The current state of knowledge on the origin and early and long-term evolution of the Venus atmosphere deduced from this dataset is summarized. A list of persistent and new unsolved scientific questions stemming from recent studies of planetary atmospheres (Venus, Earth and Mars) are described. Important mission requirements pertaining to the measurement of volatile elements in the atmosphere of Venus as well as potential technical difficulties are outlined.
Pandemics, policy, and pluralism: A Feyerabend-inspired perspective on COVID-19
Authors: Bschir Karim , Lohse Simon
Published: October 2022

We analyse insufficient epistemic pluralism and associated problems in science-based policy advice during the COVID-19 pandemic drawing on specific arguments in Paul Feyerabend’s philosophy. Our goal is twofold: to deepen our understanding of the epistemic shortcomings in science-based policy during the pandemic, and to assess the merits and problems of Feyerabend’s arguments for epistemic pluralism as well as their relevance for policy-making. We discuss opportunities and challenges of integrating a plurality of viewpoints from within and outside science into policy advice thus contributing to discussions about normative issues concerning evidence and expertise in policy-making.
Transport of Organic Volatiles through Paper: Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Solving Inverse and Forward Problems
Authors: Serebrennikova Alexandra , Teubler Raimund , Hoffellner Lisa , Leitner Erich , Hirn Ulrich , Zojer Karin
Published: October 2022

Transport of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through porous media with active surfaces takes place in many important applications, such as in cellulose-based materials for packaging. Generally, it is a complex process that combines diffusion with sorption at any time. To date, the data needed to use and validate the mathematical models proposed in literature to describe the mentioned processes are scarce and have not been systematically compiled. As an extension of the model of Ramarao et al. (Dry Technol 21(10):2007–2056, 2003) for the water vapor transport through paper, we propose to describe the transport of VOCs by a nonlinear Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovsky–Piskunov equation coupled to a partial differential equation (PDE) for the sorption process. The proposed PDE system contains specific material parameters such as diffusion coefficients and adsorption rates as multiplication factors. Although these parameters are essential for solving the PDEs at a given time scale, not all of the required parameters can be directly deduced from experiments, particularly diffusion coefficients and sorption constants. Therefore, we propose to use experimental concentration data, obtained for the migration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) through a stack of paper sheets, to infer the sorption constant. These concentrations are considered as the outcome of a model prediction and are inserted into an inverse boundary problem. We employ Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) to find the underlying sorption constant of DMSO on paper from this inverse problem. We illustrate how to practically combine PINN-based calculations with experimental data to obtain trustworthy transport-related material parameters. Finally we verify the obtained parameter by solving the forward migration problem via PINNs and finite element methods on the relevant time scale and show the satisfactory correspondence between the simulation and experimental results.
Exopolysaccharide produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RO30 isolated from Romi cheese: characterization, antioxidant and burn healing activity
Authors: Elmansy Eman A. , Elkady Ebtsam M. , Asker Mohsen S. , Abdou Amr M. , Abdallah Nagwa A. , Amer Shaimaa K.
Published: October 2022

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) extracted from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are generally recognized as safe. They have earned popularity in recent years because of their exceptional biological features. Therefore, the present study main focus was to study EPS-production from probiotic LAB and to investigate their antioxidant and burn wound healing efficacy. Seventeen LAB were isolated from different food samples. All of them showed EPS-producing abilities ranging from 1.75 ± 0.05 to 4.32 ± 0.12 g/l. RO30 isolate (from Romi cheese) was chosen, due to its ability to produce the highest EPS yield (4.23 ± 0.12 g/l). The 16S rDNA sequencing showed it belonged to the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum group and was further identified as L. plantarum RO30 with accession number OL757866. It displayed well in vitro probiotic properties. REPS was extracted and characterized. The existence of COO−, OH and amide groups corresponding to typical EPSs was confirmed via FTIR. It was constituted of glucuronic acid, mannose, glucose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 2.2:0.1:0.5:0.1, respectively. The average molecular weight was 4.96 × 104 g/mol. In vitro antioxidant assays showed that the REPS possesses a DPPH radical scavenging ability of 43.60% at 5 mg/ml, reducing power of 1.108 at 10 mg/ml, and iron chelation activity of 72.49% and 89.78% at 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml, respectively. The healing efficacy of REPS on burn wound models in albino Wistar rats showed that REPS at 0.5% (w/w) concentration stimulated the process of healing in burn areas. The results suggested that REPS might be useful as a burn wound healing agent.
COVID-19: self-reported reductions in physical activity and increases in sedentary behaviour during the first national lockdown in the United Kingdom
Authors: Swain Patrick , James Emily , Laws Jonathan M. , Strongman Clare , Haw Stuart , Barry Gill , Chung Henry C. , Gordon Dan
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The United Kingdom (UK) government imposed its first national lockdown in response to COVID-19 on the 23rd of March 2020. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour levels are likely to have changed during this period.

Methods

An online survey was completed by n = 266 adults living within the UK. Differences in day-to-day and recreational physical activity (at moderate and vigorous intensities), travel via foot/cycle, and sedentary behaviour were compared before and during the initial COVID-19 lockdown.

Results

The median level of total weekly physical activity significantly reduced (− 15%, p < 0.001) and daily sedentary time significantly increased (+ 33%, p < 0.001). The former was caused by a significant reduction in weekly day-to-day physical activity at moderate intensities (p < 0.001), recreational activities at vigorous (p = 0.016) and moderate (p = 0.030) intensities, and travel by foot/cycle (p = 0.031). Sub-group analyses revealed that some populations became disproportionally more physically inactive and/or sedentary than others, such as those that were: living in a city (versus village), single (versus a relationship), an athlete (versus non-athlete), or earning an average household income < £25,000 (versus > £25,000).

Conclusions

Now that the UK is transitioning to a state of normal living, strategies that can help individuals gradually return to physical activities, in accordance with the 2020 WHO guidelines, are of paramount importance to reducing risks to health associated with physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour.
Hoop Strain Measurement During a SiC/SiC Ceramic Composite Tube Burst Test by Digital Volume Correlation of X-Ray Computed Tomographs
Authors: Zhao S. , Chen Y. , Saucedo-Mora L. , Connolley T. , Marrow T. J.
Published: October 2022

Background

Silicon carbide-fibre/silicon carbide matrix (SiC/SiC) composites are candidate materials for accident tolerant fuel cladding in light water and advanced gas cooled nuclear fission reactors. The mechanical and damage behaviour of ceramic composites is sensitive to the composite geometry, the microstructure and the loading state. Reliable test methods are needed to investigate the subcritical damage that affects hermetic properties and strength, and this requires precise measurements under loading states that are representative of operating conditions.

Objective

The objective was a novel methodology to measure the deformation of an internally pressurised ceramic composite tube.

Methods

A burst test of an internally ground SiC/SiC (filament wound and braided) ceramic composite tube, pressurized by radial expansion of a compressed elastomer insert, was observed in situ by high resolution (synchrotron) X-ray tomography. The full field three-dimensional displacements were measured by digital volume correlation, with a precise rotation correction applied to obtain the relative radial and circumferential displacements of the tube wall for the first time.

Results

The hoop strain, and its spatial variations, were determined as a function of the applied hoop stress and showed ovalisation and barreling of the tube. The quantity of subcritical matrix cracking increased with the tensile hoop strain, but the critical crack that caused rupture was not at the location of maximum tensile strain.

Conclusion

Precise measurements of the deformation during the burst test found non-uniform hoop strains that caused a non-uniform distribution of subcritical cracking, which could influence the hermetic properties and strength.
Dynamic Cournot-Nash equilibrium: the non-potential case
Authors: Backhoff-Veraguas Julio , Zhang Xin
Published: October 2022

We consider a large population dynamic game in discrete time where players are characterized by time-evolving types. It is a natural assumption that the players’ actions cannot anticipate future values of their types. Such games go under the name of dynamic Cournot-Nash equilibria, and were first studied by Acciaio et al. (SIAM J Control Optim 59:2273–2300, 2021), as a time/information dependent version of the games devised by Blanchet and Carlier ( Math Oper Res 41:125–145, 2016) for the static situation, under an extra assumption that the game is of potential type. The latter means that the game can be reduced to the resolution of an auxiliary variational problem. In the present work we study dynamic Cournot-Nash equilibria in their natural generality, namely going beyond the potential case. As a first result, we derive existence and uniqueness of equilibria under suitable assumptions. Second, we study the convergence of the natural fixed-point iterations scheme in the quadratic case. Finally we illustrate the previously mentioned results in a toy model of optimal liquidation with price impact, which is a game of non-potential kind.
„Ablehnungen gehören halt zum Geschäft.“ Lernprozesse in wissenschaftlichen Drittmittelbiografien
Authors: Serrano Velarde Kathia , Behrendt Kai , Dahl Patrik
Published: October 2022

Was genau befähigt Wissenschaftler dazu, Drittmittel erfolgreich einzuwerben? Die Literatur zur Drittmittelforschung befasst sich mit den Wirkungsmechanismen externer Forschungsförderung und beleuchtet die ordnungspolitische Dimension des wettbewerbsbasierten Allokationsmechanismus, ohne individuelle Lernprozesse zu berücksichtigen. Die Peer-Review-Forschung nimmt zwar Lernprozesse im wissenschaftlichen Produktions- und Selektionsprozess in den Blick, lässt jedoch Einsichten darüber vermissen, wie sich diese Lerneffekte im wissenschaftlichen Lebenslauf der Antragsteller sedimentieren. Die Studie schließt an diesem Desiderat an. Auf der Grundlage von teilnarrativen Interviews mit erfolgreichen Antragstellern aus den Politikwissenschaften und der organischen Chemie und aus unterschiedlichen Generationen untersucht der Beitrag, erstens, Formen und Bedingungen des Lernprozesses. Zweitens erklärt der Beitrag, warum manche Antragsteller am Glauben festhalten, erfolgreich Forschungsanträge stellen zu können. Demnach erwerben Wissenschaftler aktiv Wissen, das es ihnen ermöglicht, wiederholt Drittmittelanträge zu verfassen. Der Erwerb dieses Wissens ist ein Prozess lebenslangen Lernens. Eine zentrale Erkenntnis der Untersuchung ist, dass wiederholt erfolgreiche Antragsteller vor allem lernen, sinnvoll zu scheitern.
Affektive Narrative: Theorie und Kritik politischer Vermittlungsweisen
Authors: Bargetz Brigitte , Eggers Nina Elena
Published: October 2022

Der Beitrag entwickelt den theoretischen Ansatz der affektiven Narrative, mit dem Ziel, gegenwärtige Konstruktionen des Politischen umfassender zu begreifen. Die These ist, dass affektive Narrative einen zentralen Vermittlungsmodus im Politischen bilden, der sich sowohl im Paradigma einer Politik der Gefühle wie auch des Politik Fühlens bewegt und dabei auf drei analytischen Ebenen affektiv wirkmächtig wird: der erzählten Geschichte, dem Publikum und den Erzähler*innen. Zugleich soll damit ein Beitrag zu aktuellen theoretischen Auseinandersetzungen um Narrative und Affekte in der Politik geleistet werden, die seit einiger Zeit politikwissenschaftlich zunehmend aufgegriffen, bislang jedoch eher zögerlich in ihrem spezifischen Ineinandergreifen konzeptualisiert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund arbeitet der Artikel ihre wechselseitige Verwobenheit durch einen affektiv-narrativen Handlungsbegriff heraus, der affektive Narrative als zugleich Politik anleitende und Politik legitimierende Praktiken herausstellen kann. Welchen analytischen Gewinn dieser Begriff der affektiven Narrative hat, zeigt der Beitrag abschließend am Beispiel einer Selbsterzählung von Björn Höcke, in der ihm als populistischem leader, Erzähler und Affektträger eine zentrale Bedeutung zukommt.
Effects of environmental factors on the temporal and spatial variations in branch and leaf CO2 efflux of Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii Mayr
Authors: Li Longjie , Wang Xiangzhen , Jia Zhongkui
Published: October 2022

The CO2 efflux of branches and leaves plays an important role in ecosystem carbon balance. Using a carbon flux system, the efflux of Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii (Dahurian larch) was investigated in 27 years (immature), 31 years (near-mature), and 47 years (mature) stands at diurnal, seasonal, and spatial scales (direction and height) as well as its connection with environmental factors from May to October 2020. Diurnal variation in efflux was a single peak, and the maximum occurring between 14:00 and 16:00. Seasonal variation also exhibited a single peak, with the maximum in late July and the minimum in early October. From May to September, efflux on the south side was the largest among the three stands, and mean values on the south side of 27 year-old, 31 year-old, and 47 year-old trees were 0.50, 0.97 and 1.05 μmol·m–2·s–1, respectively. The minimum occurred on the north side. Except for the maximum in July and September in the 27 year-old stand in the middle of the canopy, the maximum efflux in the upper canopy, and the means in the 27 year-old, 31 year-old, and 47 year-old stands were 0.49, 0.96 and 1.04 μmol·m–2·s–1, respectively; the minimum occurred in the lower canopy. Temperatures and relative humidity influenced seasonal variations in efflux. Seasonal variation in temperature sensitivity coefficient (Q10) was opposite that of temperature, increasing with decreasing temperature. At the spatial scale, maximum Q10 occurred in the mid canopy. With the efflux and temperature data in different locations, it is possible to better estimate efflux variations in each stand.
Cognitive ability and economic growth: how much happiness is optimal?
Authors: Burhan Nik Ahmad Sufian , Sabri Mohamad Fazli , Rindermann Heiner
Published: October 2022

The cognitive human capital approach assumes that cognitive abilities (CA) enable societies to be innovative and competitive and to achieve higher productivity and prosperity. However, does happiness enhance the effect of CA on economic growth? Our study views happiness as an intrinsic motivator that helps workers be more productive and get the most out of their CA. Regression analyzes using two different measures for CA showed strong evidence that CA generated economic growth from 1960 to 2017, even though it interacted negatively with happiness. These results were found to be robust after controlling for endogeneity bias using instrumental variable for happiness. In addition, the threshold regression analyses revealed significant evidence that the relationships between CAs and growth vary according to happiness levels. Two prominent ranges of threshold were established:γ1 = 4.75–4.96 andγ2 = 6.16–6.43 on the 0 to 10 happiness scale. Accordingly, the effects of CA were smallest in very unhappy countries (happiness < γ1), strongest in fairly happy societies (happiness ofγ1 − γ2), and moderately strong among the happiest countries (happiness ≥ γ2). In summary, the pursuit of highest productivity growth seems to require an optimal level of happiness, where moderate level of happiness (likely indicative of existence of higher motivation with little emotional distress) could inspire and drive people to fully utilize their cognitive capital and achieve high economic growth.
The first compliance cycle of China’s National Emissions Trading Scheme: insights and implications
Authors: Li Jin , Yao Yecheng , Wang Xifan
Published: October 2022

China’s national Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), the largest ETS in terms of the amount of CO2 regulated, was launched on the trading platform operated by the Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange (SEEE) on July 16th 2021, and has successfully completed its first compliance cycle on December 30th, 2021. During the operation of its first cycle, China’s national ETS differs from other international ETSs in many aspects, including trading products and participants, allowance allocation method, compliance term, and offset mechanism, leading to certain unique trading patterns. Some unique settings are worth noticing including key emitters dominated by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) who also dominate transactions, large-scale power groups’ carbon strategies, allowances for 2 years of 2019 and 2020 being processed in one compliance period and allowed inter-year banking of allowances. All these have led to trading patterns characterized by cyclical demand-driven trading, insufficient trading capabilities of regulated entities, stable allowance price and an increased price of CCER. Nonetheless, the successful running of its first compliance cycle offers invaluable experience for future ETS development in operational mechanism improvement, sector coverage expansion, allocation optimization, and introduction of different types of market players and tradable products, and provides a good reference for future international expansion.
Integrating economic and evolutionary approaches to polygynous marriage
Authors: Anderson Siwan , Bidner Chris
Published: October 2022

We outline the potential for integrating economic and evolutionary approaches to marriage and the family. Our broad argument is that the approaches share a concern forcompetition. Evolutionary scholars are concerned with the fitness consequences of competition and economists are centrally concerned with the nature of competition: how the allocation of scarce resources is mediated by potentially complex forms of social interaction and conflicts of interest. We illustrate our argument by focusing on conceptual and empirical approaches to a topic of interest to economists and evolutionary scholars: polygynous marriage. In comparing conceptual approaches, we distinguish between those that emphasise the physical environment and those that emphasise the social environment. We discuss some advantages of analysing marriage through the lens of competitive markets, and outline some of the ways that economists analyse the emergence of rules governing the family. In discussing empirical approaches to polygynous marriage, we describe how a concern for informing contemporary policy leads economists to focus on the consequences of polygyny, and in particular we describe some of the ways in which economists attempt to distinguish causal effects from selection effects.
Encroachment on Emotion
Authors: Fritz James
Published: October 2022

This paper introduces a novel form of pragmatic encroachment: one that makes a difference to the status of emotion rather than the status of belief. I begin by isolating a distinctive standard in terms of which we can evaluate emotion – one sometimes called “subjective fittingness,” “epistemic justification,” or “warrant.” I then show how this standard for emotion could face a kind of pragmatic encroachment importantly similar to the more familiar encroachment on epistemic standards for belief. Encroachment on warranted emotion is a striking proposal that deserves attention. In fact, there are good reasons to think that encroachment on warranted emotion deserves to be considered the default view for those who already accept pragmatic encroachment on the epistemic status of belief. I support this parity claim by arguing for a principle that establishes a limited coordination between the conditions that warrant emotion and the conditions that justify belief.
Prevalence of mental health disorders in children and adolescents in the Republic of Ireland: a systematic review
Authors: Lynch S. , McDonnell T. , Leahy D. , Gavin B. , McNicholas F.
Published: October 2022

Referrals to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) have increased in recent years. Services are already under-resourced and the adverse psychological impact of Covid-19 is likely to increase demand. Accordingly, an understanding of prevalence of mental health (MH) disorders among youth is imperative to help inform and plan services.

Aim:

To establish prevalence of MH disorders among youth (under 18) in Ireland.

Method:

A systematic review using pre-defined search terms in PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase and CINAHL was conducted. Empirical studies conducted in Ireland, in youth and focusing on MH disorders were included.

Results:

From a total of 830 papers identified, 38 papers met inclusion criteria. Significant variation in rates of MH disorders was evident based on study methodology. Screening questionnaires for general psychopathology reported rates of 4.8–17.8% scoring above clinical cut-offs, with higher rates for ADHD (7.3%). Studies examining depression ranged from 4% to 20.8%, while rates for ‘current’ MH disorder, determined by semi-structured interview, were 15.5%, while ‘lifetime’ rates varied from 19.9% to 31.2%. Fewer than half (44%) of those identified as ‘in need’ of specialist MH services were accessing CAMHS

Conclusion:

Data on MH disorders among Irish youth is limited, and studies showed significant variance in rates, making service planning difficult. There is an urgent need for serial epidemiological surveys, with clear operational criteria for clinically impairing MH difficulties. Such studies are essential to understand potential demand and service planning. This is most urgent given the expected increased demand post Covid-19.
Melting processes of phase change materials in a horizontally placed rectangular cavity
Authors: Li Min , Jiao Zhenjun , Jia Pan
Published: October 2022

This paper revisits the melting process of phase change materials (PCMs) enclosed in a horizontally placed rectangular cavity, with isothermal and adiabatic conditions subjected to the vertical and horizontal walls, respectively. First, numerical simulations based on an improved lattice Boltzmann method are conducted to illustrate and to inform the theoretical modelling. It is shown that, compared with the traditional two-stage conduction–convection melting description, it is more reasonable to include a third stage in terms of the heat transfer behaviour. During the third stage, the remnant solid PCM is located in the corner formed by the cold and bottom walls of the cavity, and an increasing part of the input energy will be transferred directly out of the cavity without compensating for the melting latent heat, thus inducing a continuously decreasing melting rate until the end of the melting process. Then theoretical predictions are derived piecewise for the melted liquid fraction during the entire melting process, and the corresponding transitions between two successive stages are also discussed. The results are validated successfully via the available experimental and numerical data in the literature, and could guide the design and operation of latent heat storage systems.
Volumetric evolution of elastic turbulence in porous media
Authors: Carlson Daniel W. , Toda-Peters Kazumi , Shen Amy Q. , Haward Simon J.
Published: October 2022

Viscoelastic flow instability, which is compelled by elastic effects rather than inertia, can be driven to a chaotic state termed elastic turbulence (ET) manifested as strong velocity fluctuations with an algebraic decay in the frequency spectrum and increased mixing. We report the first spatiotemporally complete description of ET by considering a broad volume within a novel three-dimensional ordered porous medium, reconstructing flow at a micrometre characteristic length scale (

$\text {Reynolds numbers} \ll 1$

) via time-resolved microtomographic particle image velocimetry. Beyond a critical Weissenberg number of 2, we observe an elastic flow instability accompanied by an enhanced pressure drop with spectral characteristics typical of ET. Polymer chains in the ET flow state are advected along increasingly curved streamlines between pores such that they accumulate strain and generate a local flow instability evaluated per an established instability criterion based on local evaluation of elastic tensile stress and streamline curvature. The onset of ET leads to increased pore-scale resistance and positive feedback on upstream streamline curvature. ET is thus characterized by a continuous evolution between states of laminar and unstable flow: pores with unstable flow flood their adjacent peers and thus encourage straightened streamlines and flow stability across the array, while positive feedback from flow resistance on streamline curvature results in the instability propagating upstream along the array. By employing a geometrically ordered medium, we permit flow state communication between pores, yielding generalized insights highlighting the significance of spatial correlation and flow history, and thus provide new avenues for explaining the mechanisms of ET.
Rayleigh–Bénard instability in nanofluids: effect of gravity settling
Authors: Chang Min-Hsing , Ruo An-Cheng
Published: October 2022

Understanding the mechanism of thermal instability in nanofluids is of fundamental importance to explore the reasons behind the enhancement of heat transfer efficiency. Since Buongiorno (ASME J. Heat Transfer, vol. 128, 2006, pp. 240–250) proposed his theoretical model of nanofluids, most studies focusing on the thermal instability analysis exclusively considered Brownian motion and thermophoresis as the main diffusion mechanisms of nanoparticles. All the analyses concluded that a nanofluid layer is much more unstable than its pure counterpart as it is heated from below. However, a recent experimental observation on Rayleigh–Bénard convection appears to contradict the theoretical prediction, implying that some mechanisms neglected in the previous model may have a significant impact on the onset of thermal convection. In the present study, we revise the convective transport model of nanofluids proposed by Buongiorno and find that the gravitational settling of nanoparticles is a crucial factor influencing the thermal instability behaviour of nanofluids. By performing a linear stability analysis based on the novel model, the effect of gravity settling exhibits a stabilizing mechanism to resist the destabilizing effect of thermophoresis. Furthermore, the onset of instability can be delayed once the nanoparticle diameter exceeds a certain threshold, which explains the phenomenon observed in experiments. Particularly, the oscillatory mode is found to emerge and dominate the flow instability when the gravity settling effect is competitive with the effect of thermophoresis.
The role of lake basin history on palynological records from the Upper Kolyma region (northeastern Siberia)
Authors: Lozhkin Anatoly V. , Anderson Patricia M. , Regel Kira V.
Published: October 2022

Paleoecological and modern studies at Priyatnoye Lake, which is located within an intermontane depression in the interior of northeastern Siberia, indicate a similar paleovegetation record as has been documented for nearby mountain valleys, but a history of basin stability and instability that is uncharacteristic of the valley lakes. Analyses of a 385-cm-long core from the western basin of Priyatnoye Lake shows that sediment accumulation began in late Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3), followed by a hiatus during MIS 2, and then continuous accumulation over the past ca. 14,000 cal yr BP. The eastern basin of the lake has a sediment thickness of ~35 cm, suggesting that it intermittently contained water and/or is younger than the western basin. A drop in lake levels between AD 2005 and AD 2009 resulted in the formation of two distinct lakes. This change was caused by the melting of underlying ice wedges and the formation of sinkholes through which the lake water drained. Although the northern coastal lowlands have been the geographic focus of permafrost global warming research, the Priyatnoye study draws attention to the intermontane depressions in northeastern Siberia. While less extensive, these depressions contain organic-rich deposits, are underlain by permafrost, and have the potential to affect future carbon budgets as global temperatures rise and permafrost melts.
Colonial Schemes and African Realities: Vernacular Infrastructure and the Limits of Road Building in German East Africa
Authors: Greiner Andreas
Published: October 2022

This article studies infrastructure development in the colony of German East Africa from the early 1890s to 1907. By focussing on questions of continuity and change in the transition phase from the precolonial era to German colonial rule, the article demonstrates that colonial road planning coexisted and often collided with established infrastructure systems. After 1891, colonial authorities sought to transform existing caravan paths into all-weather highways. The analysis applies an actor-centred approach to explain why almost all of these efforts failed. A focus on those actors being expected to construct or maintain (residents) and to use (transport workers) colonial roads reveals the non-compliance of colonial subjects, the persistence of African spatial practices, and the resulting contestation of colonial rule in everyday life. In this way, the article illuminates how Africans responded to European interventions which restructured space and how these responses complicated and frustrated colonial road works. Hence, the article challenges classical narratives of infrastructure as a ‘tool of empire’ and instead highlights the resilience of vernacular structures and their producers under colonial rule.
Glutamine metabolism and optimal immune and CNS function
Authors: Newsholme Philip , Diniz Vinicius Leonardo Sousa , Dodd Garron Thomas , Cruzat Vinicius
Published: October 2022

Nutrients can impact and regulate cellular metabolism and cell function which is particularly important for the activation and function of diverse immune subsets. Among the critical nutrients for immune cell function and fate, glutamine is possibly the most widely recognised immunonutrient, playing key roles in TCA cycle, heat shock protein responses and antioxidant systems. In addition, glutamine is also involved with inter-organ ammonia transport, and this is particularly important for not only immune cells, but also to the brain, especially in catabolic situations such as critical care and extenuating exercise. The well characterised fall in blood glutamine availability has been the main reason for studies to investigate the possible effects of glutamine replacement via supplementation but many of the results are in poor agreement. At the same time, a range of complex pathways involved in glutamine metabolism have been revealed via supplementation studies. This article will briefly review the function of glutamine in the immune system, with emphasis on metabolic mechanisms, and the emerging role of glutamine in the brain glutamate/gamma-amino butyric acid cycle. In addition, relevant aspects of glutamine supplementation are discussed.
On the Akkadian adjectival masculine plural -ūtonce again
Authors: Pat-El Na'ama
Published: October 2022

Assyriologists and Semitists have assumed that the attributive masculine plural morpheme -ūtfound in Akkadian is a secondary development in analogy with the feminine plural -āt. In this paper I suggest that this morpheme should be reconstructed to Proto-Semitic. My arguments are based on some attributive pronouns in West Semitic and the existence of a distinction between attributive and predicative plural morphology in both branches of Semitic.