bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methicillin and vancomycin resistance in coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolated from the nostrils of hospitalized patients
Authors: Al-Tamimi Mohammad , Abu-Raideh Jumana , Himsawi Nisreen , Khasawneh Ashraf , Hawamdeh Hasan
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Nasal colonization by coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) play an important role in nosocomial infections. This study aims to determine antibiotics susceptibility pattern and molecular screening of methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant nasal CoNS among hospitalized patients.

Methodology: Nasal swabs were collected from 202 inpatients at Prince Hamzah Hospital, Jordan. Swabs were processed according to standard microbiological procedures to isolate Staphylococci. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion, E-test, microdilution, and Vitek 2. Molecular analysis was performed using PCR for the detection of mecA, vanA, and vanB genes.

Results: Nasal Staphylococci was isolated in 64/202 (31.7%) samples. Thirty isolates (14.8%) were CoNS, including S. haemolyticus (n = 17, 8.4%), S. sciuri (n = 6, 3%), S. epidermidis (n = 2, 1%), S. warneri (n = 2, 1%), S. hominis (n = 2, 1%), and S. lentus (n = 1, 0.5%). Twenty-two (10.9%) isolates were MR-CoNS harboring mecA gene. CoNS and MR-CoNS isolates were highly resistant to benzylpenicillin, erythromycin, fosfomycin, and imipenem. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin by E-test and microdilution test and were negative for vanA and vanB genes. Nasal CoNS colonization was associated with an increased number of family members living with the participant (P = 0.04) and with admission to the orthopedic department (P = 0.03), while MR-CoNS colonization was associated with smoking (P = 0.03).

Conclusions: Nasal colonization by unusual CoNS species and mecA-positive MR-CoNS are common among hospitalized patients. Absence of vanA and vanB genes suggests little contribution of nasal CoNS to vancomycin resistance transmission.
Etiology, treatment options and prognosis of abdominal abscesses: A tertiary hospital experience
Authors: Akcam Fusun Zeynep , Ceylan Tennure , Kaya Onur , Ceylan Ergun , Tarhan Omer Ridvan
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The principle of abdominal abscess treatment is drenage. However, whether this drainage is percutaneous or open surgery is the choice of the specialist or center. Recently, there have been reports indicating that percutaneous drainage is superior. In this study, patients followed up and treated in a ten-year period in our clinic were evaluated for both of the methods that we applied.

Methodology: Cases of intra-abdominal abscess followed-up in a ten-year period were evaluated retrospectively. As well as some of the characteristics of the patients, the methods of drainage applied were recorded. The subjects who received percutaneous drainage and those undergoing open surgery were compared in terms of length of hospitalization, length of treatment and prognosis.

Results: The most common abscess site was intraperitoneal, and the origins of the abscesses were often hospital-based. The most commonly isolated organism, at a level of 33.8%, was Escherichia coli. Percutaneous drainage was applied at source control in 49 (43.8%) patients and open surgery drainage in 60 (53.6%). However, length of hospitalization, length of treatment and duration of drainage catheter use were statistically significantly higher in the percutaneous drainage group. No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of prognosis.

Conclusion: We attribute these results in disagreement with the literature to more patients being recommended for percutaneous drainage due to the fact that these patients were thought to be incapable of tolerating open surgery and to the higher probability of additional disease and complications.
Furuncular myiasis in Italian traveler returning from Kenya
Authors: Oliva Ester , Bargiggia Graziano , Quinzan Gianpaolo , Lanza Paola , Farina Claudio
Published: February 2020

Myiasis has been defined as the infestation of organs and/or tissues with dipterous larvae. They are especially widespread in tropical and subtropical areas. Cutaneous myiasis is its most frequent clinical presentation. This report presents a case of furuncular myiasis caused by the larva of Cordylobia anthropophaga in a 22-year-old girl living in Bergamo, Northern Italy, who returned from Kenya (Watamu) with a big, painful furuncle in her right gluteus. The patient accidentally removed the larva from a large pimple and took it to the infectious disease ambulatory clinic at the ASST “Papa Giovanni XXIII” Hospital, Bergamo. In the Microbiology and Virology Department of the same hospital, a larva of C. anthropophaga was identified and the diagnosis of myiasis was confirmed.
Analysis of patterns of antibiotic prescribing in public health facilities in Nepal
Authors: Nepal Anant , Hendrie Delia , Robinson Suzanne , Selvey Linda A
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Inappropriate use of antibiotics is recognised as a leading cause of antibiotic resistance. Little is known about antibiotic prescribing practices at public health facilities in low- and middle-income countries. We examined patterns of antibiotic prescribing in public health facilities in Nepal and explored factors influencing these practices.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study of antibiotic prescribing in public health facilities was conducted in the Rupandehi district of Nepal. Six public health facilities were selected based on WHO guidelines, and data were extracted from administrative records for 6,860 patient encounters. Patterns of antibiotic prescribing were investigated using descriptive statistics. Chi-squared tests and logistic regressions were applied to explore factors associated with antibiotic prescribing.

Results: Of patients attending public health facilities, the proportion prescribed at least one antibiotic (44.7%) was approximately twice the WHO recommended value (20.0 to 26.8%). The antibiotic prescribing rate for hospital inpatients (64.6%) was higher than for other facilities, with the prescribing rate also high in primary health care centres (50.4%) and health posts (52.2%). The most frequently (29.9%) prescribed antibiotic classes were third-generation cephalosporins. Females (p = 0.005) and younger (p < 0.001) patients were more likely to be prescribed antibiotics. High prescribing rates of antibiotics for selected diseases appeared contrary to international recommendations.

Conclusion: Antibiotic prescribing in public health facilities was high compared with WHO guidelines, suggesting the need for strategies to reduce misuse of antibiotics. This study provides useful information to assist in formulating policies and guidelines to promote more appropriate use of antibiotics in Nepal.
Characterization of the genetic diversity of a population of Odocoileus virginianus veraecrucis in captivity using microsatellite markers
Authors: Castillo-Rodríguez Ruth Guadalupe , Lagunes Ricardo , Cruz-Romero Anabel , Núñez-Pastrana Rosalía , Rojas-Avelizapa Luz Irene , Régulo Carlos Llarena-Hernández , Dávila José Antonio
Published: February 2020

The genetic diversity and effective population size (Ne) of a population ofOdocoileus virginianus veraecrucisin captivity were characterized in the Wildlife Management Unit “El Pochote”, located in Ixtaczoquitlán, Veracruz, Mexico. Blood tissue was collected from 20 individuals of the reproductive nucleus, its genomic DNA was extracted, and genetic diversity was characterized by six microsatellites amplified by PCR and visualized in polyacrylamide gels. With four polymorphic microsatellites, 66.7% of the population’s genetic variation was explained, which was characterized by an allelic diversity that fluctuated between 9 and 28 alleles (18 average alleles), suggesting a mean allelic diversity (Shannon index = 2.6 ± 0.25), but only 12 ± 2.9 effective alleles would be fixed in the next generation. The heterozygosity observed (Ho= 0.81) exceeded that expected (He= 0.79) and these were significantly different (P> 0.05), as a result of a low genetic structure in the population (fixation indexF= -0.112 ± 0.03), due to the genetic heterogeneity that each sample contributed, since the specimens came from different geographical regions. The Ne was 625 individuals and a 1:25 male:female ratio, with which 100% of the genetic diversity observed can be maintained for 100 years. The information obtained in the study can help in the design of a reproductive management program to maintain the present genetic diversity, without risk of losses due to genetic drift and inbreeding.
Eocuma orbiculatum sp. nov. (Crustacea, Cumacea, Bodotriidae) from Korean waters
Authors: Kim Sung-Hyun , Lee Chang-Mok , Kim Young-Hyo
Published: February 2020

A new species of Cumacea belonging to the genus Eocuma Marcusen was collected from the South Sea of Korea. This new species resembles E. amakusense Gamô, E. hilgendorfi Marcusen, and E. latum Calman in having a pair of well-developed dorso-lateral carinae on the flat carapace and similar setae pattern on the telson. The new species, however, is easily distinguished from its congeners by the pattern of dorso-lateral carina and lacking lateral horns on the carapace. The adult male of this new species is fully described. A key to the Korean Eocuma species is also provided.
Gestion des consommations, gestion de l’information
Authors: Gaussot Ludovic , Palierne Nicolas
Published: February 2020

Cet article étudie les relations familiales autour de la gestion des sorties et des consommations de psychotropes des jeunes. Il s’agit de questionner l’articulation entre les sorties et les consommations juvéniles, l’information qui circule autour, le genre et le fonctionnement familial. Loin de la transparence totale souvent affichée, tout un jeu pragmatique et rhétorique prend place autour de la confiance et des divulgations sur les sorties et les consommations, qui structure autant les pratiques que les échanges sur les pratiques. L’autonomisation des adolescents confronte la confiance à un paradoxe : celui de normaliser le recours au secret, voire au mensonge, dans une relation prônant la transparence communicationnelle.
Participation au dépistage organisé du cancer colorectal et au dépistage du cancer de la prostate
Authors: Berchi Célia , Launoy Guy
Published: February 2020

Le cancer de la prostate et le cancer colorectal sont, avec celui du poumon, les cancers les plus fréquents et les plus meurtriers chez l’homme en France. Malgré les preuves de l’efficacité du dépistage du cancer colorectal, les taux de participation de la population aux programmes de dépistage organisé restent faibles. À l’inverse, les hommes sont nombreux à pratiquer un dosage sanguin de PSA pour détecter un éventuel cancer de la prostate, alors que cette technique n’est pas recommandée par les autorités sanitaires françaises. Objectif : L’objectif de ce travail était d’identifier, parmi les caractéristiques des programmes de dépistage du cancer de la prostate et du cancer colorectal, celles qui constituaient des freins ou, au contraire, des moteurs à la participation des hommes, afin de tenter d’expliquer les différences de participation entre ces dépistages. Méthode : Dans cette perspective, 1 008 hommes âgés de 50 à 74 ans ont été interrogés par questionnaire sur leurs préférences en matière de participation aux dépistages des cancers selon la méthode des choix discrets. Les réponses ont été analysées au moyen de modèles de régression qualitatifs. Résultats : Les résultats n’ont pas montré de différences majeures entre les processus de participation à ces deux dépistages. Ils ont confirmé le rôle central de l’information délivrée par le médecin dans la prise de décision. Ils ont également révélé une attitude surprenante des hommes à l’égard du risque de surdiagnostic qui invite à réfléchir à la compréhension et à la perception par la population de cette notion de « surdiagnostic » dans le dépistage des cancers.
Recherche interventionnelle pour la réduction des inégalités sociales et territoriales de dépistage des cancers
Authors: Guillaume Élodie , De Mil Rémy , Quertier Marie Christine , Notari Annick , Launoy Guy
Published: February 2020

Les inégalités sociales constituent un obstacle majeur à la cohésion sociale et économique d’un pays, particulièrement celles touchant le domaine de la santé. Dans le domaine du dépistage des cancers, le constat actuel est celui d’un gradient social de participation et de fortes inégalités territoriales. Cet article rapporte des résultats de deux recherches interventionnelles consistant à ajouter au dispositif en place des modes supplémentaires d’incitation à réaliser un test de dépistage pour des populations particulières. Un essai prospectif à unités de randomisation collective a été mis en place d’avril 2011 à avril 2013 dans les trois départements du Nord de la France – l’Aisne, l’Oise et la Somme – afin d’évaluer l’apport d’un accompagnement au dépistage du cancer colorectal (CCR) par des travailleurs sociaux (essai Prado). Une étude rétrospective a été conduite sur l’expérience de mammobile conduite dans le département de l’Orne depuis plusieurs années concernant le dépistage du cancer du sein. L’analyse des résultats montre que chacun de ces dispositifs est capable de réduire, voire d’effacer les inégalités sociales et territoriales à un coût raisonnable pour la société. Elle montre également qu’en matière de dépistage, les inégalités ne pourront être réduites que si on ajoute au dispositif national des dispositifs supplémentaires dédiés à des populations particulières selon un principe d’universalisme proportionné.
Documents d’information et outils d’aide à la décision pour le dépistage du cancer du sein
Authors: Gocko Xavier , Pelletier Benoit , Charbonnier Damien , Plotton Catherine
Published: February 2020

Contexte : En 2012, en France, le cancer du sein était le premier cancer diagnostiqué et la première cause de décès par cancer chez la femme. La balance bénéfice-risque du dépistage organisé du cancer du sein (DOCS) fait l’objet de controverses scientifiques, en particulier au sujet des surdiagnostics. Dans ce contexte, une conférence citoyenne a été organisée en 2015 par l’Institut national du cancer (INCa) et certaines sociétés savantes pour réclamer une meilleure information des femmes. L’objectif de cette étude était d’analyser les différents outils d’aide à la décision et documents d’information tant sur le fond que sur la forme. Méthode : Une revue de la littérature a été réalisée par quatre chercheurs sur la période 2006-2016. Les articles originaux inclus, en langue française ou anglaise, traitent des documents d’information ou d’outils d’aide à la décision dans le DOCS sans restriction sur le type d’étude. Résultats : Les 69 articles inclus montrent qu’une progression des connaissances chez les participantes n’est pas corrélée à une augmentation de l’intention de participer ni à une augmentation de la participation. La forme de l’information (brochures, vidéos…) ne semble pas influencer ces taux. Les participantes apprécient les entretiens avec un interlocuteur formé. Dans un tiers des études, la population est incluse sur des critères ethniques et sociaux. Huit études abordent la problématique du surdiagnostic. Conclusion : Cette revue rappelle l’importance des entretiens répétés, support d’une décision médicale partagée. Des interventions spécifiques comme le concept de «  patient navigator  » pourraient lutter contre les inégalités sociales de santé. L’incertitude actuelle concernant le taux de surdiagnostics peut être communiquée aux patientes.
Une anthropologie impliquée pour améliorer les soins aux nouveau-nés au Cameroun
Authors: Legrand Fosso Albert , Moluh Seidou , Ngum Belyse , Vougmo Clémence , Amani Adidja , Kananda Grégoire , Baye Martina , Essomba Ernest , Banze Wa Nsensele Lucien , Mbu Robinson
Published: February 2020

Introduction : Les orientations stratégiques dans le secteur de la santé en général se basent sur les résultats de recherches qui renseignent sur les actions mises en œuvre et permettent de formuler des recommandations pour améliorer la situation sanitaire. Au Cameroun, une expérience novatrice de recherche anthropologique en matière de santé du nouveau-né a été suivie d’un processus d’appropriation des résultats par le Ministère de la Santé Publique en vue de l’amélioration de la qualité des soins. Nous proposons de rendre compte de cette expérience camerounaise de collaboration interdisciplinaire et de recherche impliquée. Méthode : Concomitamment à la réalisation de l’étude anthropologique relative aux soins du nouveau-né en maternité et à domicile par une équipe de chercheurs en anthropologie, de décembre 2016 à juin 2017, un processus d’appropriation des résultats a été conduit. Le présent article décrit très précisément ce processus tant au niveau périphérique, à l’occasion des « restitutions réflexives » dans les maternités enquêtées, qu’au niveau central dans le cadre des travaux du comité de suivi de l’étude. Il rend compte des changements intervenus, à la suite de l’étude, aussi bien au niveau des structures sanitaires qu’au niveau des politiques et des stratégies nationales dans l’optique de l’amélioration de la qualité des soins aux nouveau-nés. Résultats : Les retombées de ce processus sont à relever à deux niveaux. Au niveau périphérique, des activités de « restitutions réflexives » ont incité aux changements in situ de certaines pratiques défavorables aux chances de survie du nouveau-né, dont l’usage inopportun du berceau en salle de naissance et la méconnaissance de la lutte contre l’hypothermie grâce à la pratique du contact peau à peau. Au niveau central, les évolutions constatées concernent la communication et le renforcement des stratégies et des politiques de prise en charge du nouveau-né. Conclusion : L’apport de l’anthropologie dans la production des données probantes est essentiel pour la mise en œuvre de stratégies d’amélioration de la qualité des soins néonatals. Il ouvre de nouvelles perspectives d’amélioration durable de la qualité des soins aux nouveau-nés.
Aménagements des espaces, lieux pratiqués et qualité des soins aux nouveau-nés au Cameroun
Authors: Legrand Fosso Albert , Kane Hélène
Published: February 2020

Introduction : Afin de fournir des soins néonatals de qualité, il est indispensable de disposer d’infrastructures et de matériel adéquats. Dépassant l’apparente simplicité de cette condition, nous proposons d’analyser finement le rapport entre l’aménagement des espaces de soins en maternité, leurs usages et la qualité des soins délivrés aux nouveau-nés. Méthode : Une enquête ethnographique dans dix hôpitaux du Cameroun, dont un par région choisi parmi les différents niveaux de la pyramide sanitaire, nous a permis d’examiner comment l’aménagement des espaces sanitaires et la disposition du matériel peuvent contribuer à la vulnérabilité des nouveau-nés en maternité. Deux cents observations des soins à la naissance ont été retranscrites, puis utilisées en support d’entretiens visant l’explicitation des actions par les professionnels de santé. Résultats : Les espaces sanitaires, habités par des usages et des modes d’organisation, n’optimisent pas la qualité des soins aux nouveau-nés. La fragmentation des lieux utilisés dans la prise en charge des nouveau-nés engendre des délais de prise en charge en cas de complication à la naissance. L’occupation des espaces et les usages matériels révèlent un manque d’anticipation et de coordination des soins. Les appropriations des lieux et la disposition des équipements ne sont pas favorables aux pratiques de soins néonatals recommandées, notamment concernant la lutte contre l’hypothermie et la promotion de l’allaitement maternel précoce. Au demeurant, l’organisation spatiale des maternités s’avère davantage axée sur les soins obstétriques. Discussion : La réflexion sur les espaces de soins peut être la base de processus collectifs locaux d’amélioration des pratiques de soins aux nouveau-nés. Elle permet de requestionner la culture professionnelle biomédicale, la segmentation des tâches et les techniques, afin d’ancrer durablement des évolutions favorables à la survie néonatale.
L’« oubli » du nouveau-né en maternité : analyse anthropologique en Mauritanie
Authors: Kane Hélène
Published: February 2020

Introduction : En Mauritanie comme dans les autres pays ouest-africains, un ensemble d’actions ont été menées afin de lutter contre la mortalité néonatale. Considérant le succès mitigé de ces programmes, nous nous sommes interrogés sur la manière dont les agents de santé investissent les soins néonataux. Méthode : Une étude anthropologique a été réalisée dans une localité de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal. Les enquêtes ont consisté en une ethnographie d’un centre de santé, qui a donné lieu à des observations détaillées des soins et à des entretiens avec les agents de santé. Résultats : Nos observations révèlent que dans les minutes et les heures cruciales qui suivent une naissance normale, l’attention des soignantes tend à se détourner du nouveau-né. Les soins recommandés tels que le maintien au chaud, l’examen et la surveillance du nouveau-né ne sont pas dispensés, tandis que la mise au sein précoce intervient de manière fluctuante. Le nouveau-né est rapidement remis à la famille. Les soins aux nouveau-nés sont ainsi « oubliés », à la fois dans l’enchaînement des gestes autour de l’accouchement et dans la répartition collective des responsabilités professionnelles. Discussion : Les soins du nouveau-né à la naissance demeurent peu médicalisés. Nous analysons la moindre implication des agents de santé vis-à-vis des nouveau-nés selon deux aspects : la perception de l’incertitude de la survie néonatale, et la prédominance des modes de maternages locaux. Nous formulons des propositions visant à replacer l’attention sur le nouveau-né, afin de promouvoir une meilleure qualité des soins néonatals.
Chute du nœud ombilical et soins du corps du nouveau-né privilégiés par les savoirs populaires au Bénin
Authors: Ahouangonou Dossi Salomé
Published: February 2020

Introduction : Au Bénin, en dépit des efforts appréciables menés en matière de soins prénataux et de la proportion d’accouchements assistés par un prestataire qualifié (84 %), la mortalité néonatale reste encore élevée : 38 décès de nouveau-nés pour 1 000 naissances vivantes. L’objectif de cette étude est d’identifier les situations supposées « poser problème » dans la prise en charge des nouveau-nés. Méthode : Il s’agit d’une étude qualitative fondée, dans un premier temps, sur l’observation des gestes médicaux et socio-affectifs qui s’adressent aux nouveau-nés, de la maternité au domicile. Un second moment a reposé sur des entrevues auprès de 40 acteurs, dont 10 personnels de santé et 30 personnes de la famille et de l’entourage du nouveau-né. Sur une période de deux mois, 18 observations d’accouchements et de soins au nouveau-né ont été réalisées en maternité. Des observations des soins ont été poursuivies pour 14 nouveau-nés à domicile. Résultats : Les premiers jours, le nouveau-né vivant bénéficie très souvent des premiers soins usuels, mais plus souvent encore échappe à la surveillance du personnel de santé. Du sel au remède savamment concocté, des produits et substances inappropriés sont utilisés pour les soins du cordon. En particulier, l’usage du dentifrice s’intègre de plus en plus dans les pratiques de soins du corps pour une chute rapide du nœud ombilical. Dans le cas de cette étude, des substances inappropriées ont été appliquées sur le nœud ombilical de 13 parmi les 14 nouveau-nés suivis à domicile. Conclusion : Face aux logiques des différents acteurs, on peut conclure que les savoirs privilégiés dans les pratiques familiales de soins du cordon ombilical interfèrent avec les recommandations, maintenant le nouveau-né dans une certaine vulnérabilité.
The Use of Gamification in Gastronomic Questionnaires
Authors: Prott David , Ebner Martin
Published: February 2020

Obtaining customer opinions and customer wishes is increasingly becoming an important part of any entrepreneurial activity for determining customer satisfaction and, subsequently, optimizing products and services as well as strengthen customer loyalty. In catering, there are several ways to capture the guest’s satisfaction or dissatisfaction, as well as customer preferences and customer needs across different channels. One way to obtain a customer’s opinion is to provide a digital online questionnaire. Unfortunately, the participa-tion of guests in such surveys is usually low. In addition, many online question-naires are aborted prematurely, and questions which require an individual text answer are often left unanswered. Gamification is a process to use game ele-ments, game techniques and game mechanics from games in a different context in order to motivate and force people to do certain activities. This paper dis-cusses whether the use of game elements in an existing gastronomical online questionnaire enhances the engagement of users and whether customer satisfac-tion remains the same. Based on an existing gastronomical online questionnaire from the company ITELL.SOLUTIONS GmbH a gamified questionnaire vari-ant has been developed. Game elements such as points, badges, avatar, story, progress bar and instant feedback have been included. The investigation showed that the use of gamification in questionnaires on open questions did not worsen the involvement of users. The customer satisfac-tion remained unchanged by the embedding of game elements too. Users of the expanded game questionnaire tended to give more precise and longer answers. The completion time also slightly increased for the gamified questionnaire. A direct comparison between the two variants of the questionnaire, showed that users preferred the design of the gamified questionnaire.
Analytical Calculation, Numerical Structural Analysis and Design Optimization of the Diaphragm Spring of a Mechanical Clutch
Authors: Trotea Mario , Constantinescu Augustin , Simniceanu Loreta
Published: February 2020

This paper considers the diaphragm spring of a mechanical clutch being composed by a conical disk spring and trapezoidal lamellar springs attached to the disk spring. After analytical calculation of the disk spring a numerical structural analysis was performed in order to validate the 3D model of the disk spring. A design optimization with 4 design variables was done for the disk spring and, based on the optimized design, the 3D model of the diaphragm spring was built. A 6 design variables model of the diaphragm spring was proposed for design optimization analysis having as design objective the minimization of the maximum equivalent stress during disengaging the clutch.
Kinematic and Dynamic Determinations of the Movement of the Car when Moving between Cones
Authors: Simniceanu Robert Emil , Neagoe Dumitru , Trotea Mario , Constantinescu Augustin
Published: February 2020

In this paper a mechanical model of the car and the related mathematical model are presented. Based on this mathematical model, some kinematic and dynamic parameters of the car are determined when moving between milestones. These theoretical results are compared with the experimental results to validate the proposed model.
Automation of Installations for Solar Drying of Grain Seeds and Fluidized Bed Technical Plants
Authors: Cernaianu Corina , Cernaianu Adrian , Stăncuț Eugenia
Published: February 2020

The paper shows a type of experimental installation intended for the drying of cereals with a dual source of energy, electrothermal and solar, resulting in very close or even identical results of the humidity and drying temperature of the used samples.
Optimal Design of Components for a Robotic Arm Based on a Matrix Approach of Performance Specifications
Authors: Contoloru Violeta Cristina , Didu Anca , Rotea Claudia Cristina
Published: February 2020

Robots are top-level mechatronic systems capable of supporting working tools and performing manipulation tasks. The work shows an optimum method of analysis and design for some components (metallic, plastic) of robots, taking into account a large number of performance specifications and QFD (Quality Function Deploy) , according to imposed or random requirements. A series of data is taken into account: type and characteristics of materials, the shape and size of parts, the manufacturing proces and not the last cost price. Assessments of absolute and relative importance have been carried out to identify the most important specifications. With that idea is proposed a method of selection of the best material, based on the graph theory and the matrix approach for a particular application. The selection factors for the optimum material is described, the relationships of relative importance of factors are found, the factor values (Ri) are normalized, the matrix of selection factors is written. The material with the highest value of the matching index is optimum for the component of the robotic arm. Finally, are analysed whether the performance specifications and quality product match the requirements of the user.
Studies about In Situ and Virtual of the Musculoskeletal Behaviour of the Cranio-Cervical Complex of Dummy Car Crash Tests
Authors: Ciunel Stefanita , Tică Bebe , Klement Cristian
Published: February 2020

The paper presents the studies realized a similar biomechanical system composed by neck, head and muscles complementary to the human neck. The model was defined starting with a real human object and which was made CT, after in a CAD environment, The main movements (axial rotation, lateral bending, and flexion-extension) has been obtained behavior based on date, tables or diagrams. The virtual model composed of the neck, head andmuscles, which was included in a complex system (similar with a car system), and a lot of virtual simulations car crash tests were made. As well is studied the behavior of shape memory springs, with which has been achieved anatomical-functional similarity with those of a human subject, comparing them in the end with the ones determined virtually with anatomical-myographic studies.
Design, Manufacture and Testing of a S Type Force Transducer
Authors: Geonea Ionuţ Daniel , Dumitru Nicolae , Margine Alexandru , Craciunoiu Nicolae , Copiluși Cristian
Published: February 2020

This paper presents the methodology of designing a transducer for the experimental measurement of forces. For this purpose, an elastic element of the shape of the letter "S" is designed and manufactured. The elastic element designed in SolidWorks is subjected to virtual testing, using the finite element method in ANSYS. After validating the results obtained considering the maximum values ​​of the stresses that appear for the nominal load, the experimental model of the transducer is realized. The central part of the elastic element behaves like a fixed double beam subjected to bend by the measuring force. On this beam are bonded strain gauge transducers, which measure the deformations produced by bending. The transducer is calibrated, in order to obtain the calibration constant, based on the obtained characteristic, that is, the dependence of the specific strain-deformation and force. The transducer thus constructed can be used in force measurement applications.
Optimization of the Process Parameters in Milling of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Craciunoiu Nicolae , Patru Emil Nicusor , Rosca Adrian Sorin , Panduru Dumitru , Bica Marin
Published: February 2020

In order to control the temperature during milling process of aluminum alloys and keeping as minimum as possible, the choice of the cutting parameters and their optimization is very important, both for the tool wear but also for the surface quality of machined surface. The main purpose of this paper is to find the optimum values of the milling parameters (rotational speed and depth of cut) so that the minimum value for the temperature to be obtained. Using adequate experimental conditions with contact measurements techniques (thermocouple K-type) carried out on the some types of aluminum alloys and the appropriate statistical instruments, the most influencing cutting parameters and their values on the cutting temperature can be found. The results are presented both analytical and graphical.
3-D Morphological Analysis of Carbon-Nickel Nanocomposite Thin Films
Authors: Ţălu Ştefan , Rąplewicz Alicja , Stach Sebastian , Ţălu Mihai , Vintilă Daniela
Published: February 2020

The study's aim was to identify the 3-D surface spatial parameters that describe the 3-D surface microtexture of the nickel–carbon (Ni–C) nanocomposite thin films composed of Ni nanoparticles with different average sizes embedded in amorphous hydrogenated carbon, prepared by the combining radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD). The deposition time was varied at 7, 10 and 13 min, respectively. The sample investigation was performed using an atomic force microscope, and the obtained data were analyzed and visualized using MountainsMap® Premium software to determine their stereometric surface engineering characteristics. The results from this study provide not only fundamental insights into the texture characteristics, but also directions toward their implementation in nanotribological models.
Seismic Protection of an Over-Ground Parking Lot over the Dambovita River Using the Basic Insulation Method
Authors: Rășchitor Edward , Radu Carmen Elisabeta , Tempea Iosif
Published: February 2020

Earthquakes cause rapid variations of direction, speed and acceleration. Vibrations are generated either by the moves of the tectonic plates, or by the volcanic activity, or by the collapse of the geological layers. The foundation conveys the maintained oscillatory movement and executes free cushioned oscillations. Due to the seismic action, an energy balance is created that contains: the energy induced into the structure, the energy absorbed by the structure and the energy returned to the ground. All these forms of energy constitute the capable energy of the structure. This energy reflects the possibilities of elastic structure deformation but also the elastoplastic deformation capacity. The seismic insulation systems are intended to reduce the impact of earthquakes on buildings by means of special devices. One uses two types of seismic systems: active and passive. The insulation of the propping base of the structure aims at inserting a smaller amount of energy into the superstructure. The protection of the structures exposed to the risk of earthquake is based on the three fundamental operational modes: insulation, connection, dissipation of energy. Connectors. Insulators and seismic dampers. The centrically braced metallic frames provide resilience, rigidity and ductility, being thus ideal for the bracing of the seismic systems.
Software Program for Two Levers Damper Configurations Used for Anti-Seismic Protection of the Buildings during Seism
Authors: Ionescu Adriana , Negru Mihai , Burada Cristian Oliviu , Pinţoi Ramona
Published: February 2020

For a building equipped with anti-seismic devices, the value of the damping force of the dampers positioned at the superstructure is very important for an efficient anti-seismic damping and therefore an optimization of the seismic protection system with dampers is required. There are several configurations for placing the dampers that amplify the displacement and the damper axial force. This paper presents a computational mathematical model made for determining the coefficients of displacement multiplication and the damping force multiplication for two special positioning configurations of the antiseismic dampers using levers. Based on this model, a software program was created that allows to choose the geometrical parameters of two configurations of dampers placement having as criterion of choice the value of the amplification coefficient of the dampers displacement or the damper axial force.
Vibrations Influence on Concrete Compaction
Authors: Pinţoi Ramona , Barbu Anca Mihaela , Ionescu Adriana
Published: February 2020

In the paper presented are given oscillation amplitude threshold compaction and vibrating platform, stiffness and viscosity of the concrete, and the frequency and amplitude of movement on compacting concrete.
Studies and Research on Designing Mechanisms for Over-Ground Multifunctional Parks
Authors: Rășchitor Edward , Radu Carmen Elisabeta , Tempea Iosif
Published: February 2020

This work deals with the need and possibility of building car parks in Bucharest above Dâmbovița River. They included analyses referring to the evolution of the number of existing vehicles in Bucharest, an analysis of the number of vehicles in Bucharest, as compared to other European capitals, and also certain elements leading to the possibility and profitability of building a car park above Dâmbovița River. As a result of impact studies and research on overland parking over the Dambovita river, it was concluded that the most popular solution of respondents would be a parking equipped with a smart boarding system, built on a round platform and metal frame. A photovoltaic-panel installation can be used in parallel to supply electricity with renewable energy(sunlight). The protection of the structures exposed to the risk of earthquake is based on the three fundamental operational modes: insulation, connection, dissipation of energy The parking is protected against earthquake using the method of design/consolidation by insulating the base.
Modeling the Vibrations of the Pale of a Wind
Authors: Valeriu Ionica , Bagnaru Dan Gheorghe , Geonea Ionuţ Daniel
Published: February 2020

To combat climate change, there is growing support for the use of clean and sustainable energy, which will result in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, in response to an increasing need for wind turbines in the field of energy, intended for the production of electricity, their size has increased. The effect of increasing the size of the machines, and in particular the size of the blades, led to the appearance of vibrational phenomena and the instability of aeroelastic origin (vibrations, noises). Basically, this work highlights the dynamic effects on a blade during its rotation taking into account, on the one hand, the mechanical forces (the centrifugal effect, the inertial effect) and, on the other hand, the aerodynamic effects. The blade, which is in motion, is subjected to three types of deformations: longitudinal, transverse and twisting. We were interested in the twisting and transverse vibrations, the equations we obtained with Hamilton's variational principle.
Dynamic Modal Analysis of a Mechanical System with Deformable Elements
Authors: Ciurezu-Gherghe Leonard Marius , Marinescu Gabriel Cătălin , Constantin Andra Raluca , Dumitru Nicolae
Published: February 2020

This paper addresses to a dynamic modal analysis of a crank-type mechanism. The proposed mechanism will have all the components considered as deformable bodies. Thus, the proposed research consists on two methods, namely an analytical and a numerical one. The analytical method allows to identify the static and dynamic components of the matrices that from the equation of motion based on the Kane formalism and the finite element modeling. The numerical method is based on the virtual prototyping of the whole assembly with the ADAMS software. In this case, for the deformable bodies analysis, will be used the method of superposition which have on its base the modal analysis and the RR Craig and MCC Bampton procedure.
About the Vibration and Dynamics of a Bus Chassis
Authors: Geonea Ionuţ Daniel , Rosca Adrian Sorin , Racila Laurentiu , Rinderu Paul , Valeriu Ionica
Published: February 2020

According to recent research, quite a large part of the buses have exceeded the loading standards, which causes road damage. In order to reduce weight, the use of lighter materials such as aluminum was used. Moreover, the cost of maintenance decreases and the fuel consumption is reduced. In this paper we summarize the study of the dynamic and vibrational behavior of the chassis, including the rolling system. In the paper [2], several models have been elaborated necessary for this study. In the present paper we proposed the integration and, implicitly, the finding of the dynamic response, as a result of the behavior of the chassis in operation, in the form of time functions that we represented graphically according to a real numerical application, these representations better suggesting this behavior.
Nuclear factor-kB and nitric oxide synthases in red blood cells: good or bad in obesity? A preliminary study
Authors: Široká Monika , Franco Caterina , Guľašová Zuzana , Hertelyová Zdenka , Tomečková Vladimíra , Rodella Luigi F. , Rezzani Rita
Published: February 2020

Emerging evidence suggests that red blood cells (RBCs) are involved in many functions essential for life. Nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), nitric oxide synthases (inducible nitric oxide synthase -iNOS-, endothelial nitric oxide synthase -eNOS-) and interleukin-1β (-IL-1β-) are all proteins that have been identified in RBCs. In nucleated cells, such as white blood cells (WBCs), these proteins have well investigated roles, linked to stress and inflammation. It is not the same in erythrocytes, for this reason, we considered obese patients for studying the morphology of RBCs. We studied a possible correlation between their morphological changes and several protein expressions. Moreover, we compared the results about the aforementioned proteins and antioxidant markers with those obtained in WBCs from healthy and obese patients before and after omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation. This latter scientific point is important in order to determine whether there are differences in the expression of nucleated and anucleated cells. The morphology of RBCs changed in obese patients, but it is significantly restored after six weeks of supplementation. The expression of antioxidant enzymes changed in RBCs and WBCs in obesity but all proteins restore their positivity after supplementation. We found that: the presence of NF-kB, antioxidant enzymes and eNOS in healthy RBCs could indicate a role of these proteins as regulators of cellular metabolism; obese WBCs showed a higher NF-kB, iNOS and IL-1β positivity, whereas eNOS presence did not significantly change in these cells. We tried to explain the different positivity of NF-kB, proposing a dual role for this protein, as prolifespan and as proinflammatory processes, depending on examined cells. In conclusion, we have considered the literature that focuses on the omega-6/omega-3 ratio. The ratio changed from the past, especially in people whose diet is strongly westernized worsening the state of health of the patient and leading to an higher incidence of obesity. Our study hypothesizes that the supplementation could help to restore the correct ratio.
Training family physicians: A qualitative exploration of experiences of registrars in a family medicine training programme in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Ras Tasleem , Schweitzer Beverley , Bresick Graham , Hellenberg Derek
Published: February 2020

Background: The MMed in Family Medicine is a professional Master’s qualification spanning 4 years of training. The outcomes were predetermined by national consensus. While these outcomes are measured in the form of a national exit examination, there has been no exploration of the experiences of registrars (residents) in this relatively new programme. To evaluate the experiences of registrars in one of the nine training programmes in South Africa and to identify areas for improvement.Methods: This study used purposive sampling to recruit registrar (n = 9) and supervisor (n = 8) participants into respective groups. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically, and consensus was built using the nominal group technique.Results: Supervisors identified the strengths and weaknesses of the programme which will impact on further strategic planning. Data from registrar interviews yielded two themes: affirmation, referring to the positive social engagement and facilitation of professional identity formation; and frustrations, referring to structural aspects of the programme which hindered academic progress.Conclusion: Qualitative programme evaluation is a useful tool in understanding the learning environment. The student perspective helped to identify the unintended consequences of the programme. It was also shown that the nominal group consensus building technique worked well in a resource-constrained environment.
Trends in practice intentions and preferences of clinical associate students: Implications for training and health services in South Africa
Authors: Moodley Saiendhra V. , Wolvaardt Jacqueline E. , Louw Jakobus M. , Hugo Jannie
Published: February 2020

Background: The University of Pretoria (UP) had its first intake of Bachelor of Clinical Medical Practice (BCMP) students in 2009. The objectives of this study were to examine the trends in geographical practice intentions and preferences of the first nine cohorts of BCMP students. We also assessed sector and level of care preferences of six BCMP cohorts.Methods: Cross-sectional studies were conducted 2011, 2014 and 2017. First-, second- and third-year UP BCMP students were invited to complete a electronic questionnaire. Our analyses consisted of calculating proportions for the practice intentions and preferences for each surveys, and performing multiple logistic regression on the aggregated date to determine their associations with sociodemographic and training characteristics.Results: The proportion of participants intending to practise as a clinical associate in a rural area in South Africa directly after graduating was 62.5% in the 2014 survey and 69.7% in the 2017 survey, compared to 59.6% in the 2011 survey. The majority in all three surveys (53.4% in 2011, 56.6% in 2014 and 59.8% in 2017) indicated a preference for rural practice. Both rural practice intention and rural practice preference were found to be significantly associated with respondent’s self-description of having lived most of her/his life in a rural area, and rural district hospital exposure during training. In 2014 and 2017, approximately two-thirds of the participants selected a public sector option as their most preferred work setting. District hospitals were the most preferred setting of 30.3% participants in 2014 and 32.0% in 2017.Conclusion: Most participants across the three surveys intended to work in rural settings. Considering that this could provide a sustainable solution to the shortage of health care workforce in rural areas, policy makers in both higher education and health need to promote and ensure the viability of the training of this category of health care providers.