bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Antidepressant-like Effect of Total Sterols Fraction and
Stigmasterol Isolated from Leaves of Aegle marmelos and Possible Mechanism(
s) of Action Involved
Authors: Ghosh Sourav , Kumar Arvind , Sachan Neetu , Chandra Phool
Published: August 2021

Background:

Aegle marmelos Corr. (Rutaceae) commonly known as ‘Indian Bael’ has
been used as a brain tonic traditionally. However, despite this traditional use, not enough scientific report
is present that can confirm the use of this plant in neurological disorders. Thus, the total sterols
fraction and stigmasterol from the leaves of Aegle marmelos were investigated for antidepressant-like
effect along with their possible mechanism(s) of action by primarily performing acute toxicity study of
total sterols.

Methods:

An acute toxicological study was carried out at a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg. Sign of
toxicity was observed by estimating biochemical and performing histopathological analysis. For the
antidepressant-like effect, different doses of total sterols (50-200 mg/kg, p.o. for seven days) and
stigmasterol (5- 20 mg/kg, i.p. acute) were administered in mice using TST and FST models. To evaluate
the mechanism of action, mice were pretreated with GABA, 5-HT, DA, adrenergic antagonists,
and glutamate agonists. Furthermore, a neurochemical study was performed following TST and molecular
docking study was also performed to determine the binding affinity of stigmasterol.

Results:

Total sterols fraction presents no sign of toxicity up to the oral dose of 2000 mg/kg. Oral
treatment of total sterols and acute intraperitoneal treatment of stigmasterol (except 5 mg/kg) reduced
the immobility time significantly. Pretreatment with pCPA (5-HT synthesis inhibitor) and NMDA (an
agonist of the glutamate site) effectively reversed the immobility time of total sterols and stigmasterol
(except pCPA) in TST. However, bicuculline (competitive GABA antagonist), haloperidol (D2 dopaminergic
antagonist) and prazosin (α1 adrenergic antagonist) could not reverse the immobility time.
Meanwhile, total sterols also effectively altered the hippocampus 5-HT and Glu levels. Also, the result
of the molecular docking study depicted that stigmasterol has an affinity to the NMDA receptor.

Conclusions:

The present study suggests that the total sterols fraction did not produce any acute toxicity
in rats. Also, we reported that total sterols, stigmasterol and sub-effective stigmasterol coadministration
with fluoxetine significantly reduced the time of immobility in TST and FST confirmed
the antidepressant-like effect of total sterols fraction and stigmasterol. Moreover, further findings suggest
that the antidepressant-like effect of total sterols might be mediated by the serotonergic and glutamatergic
systems. Whereas only the glutamatergic system was involved in the antidepressant activity
of stigmasterol.
An Integrated Strategy for Rapid Screening of Multi-target Lead Compounds
for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease from Traditional Chinese
Medicines by UHPLC Combined with High-throughput Screening:
A Case Study on Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
Authors: Zhao Heng-qiang , Zhang Minmin , Zhou Siduo , Liu Wei , Yan Huijiao , Wang Xiao
Published: August 2021

Background:

Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Red Sage root) is widely used
in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with
demonstrated curative effects, based on the concept of "one drug with multiple therapeutic targets,"
which appears to be a good strategy for AD treatment.

Objective:

This study aimed to develop of high-throughput screening (HTS) method for multitherapeutic
target components found in complex TCMs, which are active against AD, using Red
Sage root as the case study.

Method:

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors (AChEIs) from Red Sage root extracts were
pre-screened by ultrafiltration-HPLC (UF-HPLC) analysis, in which AChE was added to the extract
and then ultrafiltered to remove non-binding compounds. Potential AChEIs were identified
by HPLC analysis of compounds bound to AChE. A microplate-based HTS was then used to
quantify the AChE inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of the pre-screened compounds.

Results:

Pre-screening found ten potential inhibitors, which were identified by ESI-TOF/MS; six
of these were purified by semi-preparative HPLC: Oleoyl neocryptotanshinone (1), Dihydrotanshinone
Ⅰ (2), Cryptotanshinone (3), Tanshinone Ⅰ (4), Tanshinone ⅡA (5) and Miltirone (6).
All six compounds had good AChE inhibitory activity and weak DPPH scavenging capacity.

Conclusion:

This study provides a platform and technology support for the rapid discovery of
multi-target components, potentially active against AD, from complex TCMs and with strong potential
for adaptation to the discovery of treatments for other diseases.
Circular RNA NF1-419 Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis by
Regulating Lipid Metabolism in Astroglioma Cells
Authors: Jie Wu , Chen Diling , Li Ran , Tang Xiaocui , Xu Changqiong , Guo Yinrui , Qi Longkai , Li Shan , Ren Qiuyun
Published: August 2021

Background:

Astroglioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous
system. Currently, there is no effective treatment for astroglioma. In the present study, the extract
(L3) from Ganoderma Lucidum (G. lucidum) was found to inhibit the growth of astroglioma U87
cells and change the expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs). One of these, including the circular
NF1-419 (circNF1-419), was of interest because NF1 gene is a classic tumor suppressor gene.

Objective:

The functional role of circ-NF1-419 in the inhibition of astroglioma cells remains unknown.
This study focuses on the role of circNF1-419 in functional abnormalities of U87 astroglioma
cells and aims to elaborate on its regulatory mechanism.

Methods:

The circNF1-419 overexpressing U87 (U87-NF1-419) cells were constructed. We generated
U87-NF1-419 to evaluate the role of circNF1-419 on cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, tumor
growth and metabolic regulation. Finally, we used docking screening to identify compounds in
G. lucidum extracts that target circ-419.

Results:

U87-NF1-419 can promote cell apoptosis and regulate lipid metabolism through
glycerophospholipid metabolism and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. Further examinations
revealed that the expression of metabolic regulators, such as L-type voltage-operated calcium channels
(L-VOCC), phospholipase C-β3 (PLCβ3), Mucin1, cationic amino acid transporter 4 (CAT4),
cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) and a kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) was inhibited,
while phosphatidylserine synthase 1 (PTDSS1) was enhanced in U87-NF1-419 cells. In
vivo experiments showed that circNF1-419 inhibits tumor growth in BALB/C nude mice, and enhanced
AKAP4 and PTDSS1 in tumor tissues. The virtual docking screening results supported that
ganosporeric acid A, ganodermatriol, ganoderic acid B and α-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine in L3
could activate circNF1-419 in astroglioma treatment.

Conclusion:

This study indicated that circNF1-419 could be a therapeutic target for the clinical
treatment of astroglioma. L3 from Ganoderma Lucidum (G. lucidum) could inhibit astroglioma
growth by activating circNF1-419.
Can Antimalarial Phytochemicals be a Possible Cure for COVID-19? Molecular Docking Studies of Some Phytochemicals to SARS-CoV-2 3C-like Protease
Authors: Hasan Anamul , Jannat Khoshnur , Bondhon Tohmina Afroze , Jahan Rownak , Hossan Md Shahadat , de Lourdes Pereira Maria , Nissapatorn Veeranoot , Wiart Christophe , Rahmatullah Mohammed
Published: August 2021

Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy of reported anti-malarial phytochemicals as lead compounds for possible drug development against COVID-19.

Methods:

An in silico approach was used in this study to determine through molecular docking the binding affinities and site of binding of these phytochemicals to the 3C-like protease of COVID-19 which is considered as the main protease of the virus.

Results:

A number of anti-malarial phytochemicals like apigenin-7-O-glucoside, decurvisine, luteolin- 7-O-glucoside, sargabolide J, and shizukaols A, B, F, and G showed predicted high binding energies with ΔG values of -8.0 kcal/mol or higher. Shizukaols F and B demonstrated the best binding energies of -9.5 and -9.8, respectively. The acridone alkaloid 5-hydroxynoracronycine also gave a predicted high binding energy of -7.9 kcal/mol.

Conclusion:

This is for the first time that decursivine and several shizukaols were reported as potential anti-viral agents. These compounds merit further studies to determine whether they can be effective drug candidates against COVID-19.
A Hermeneutic Approach Utilising Interactive Visual Communication to Enhance Speech and Spelling For Dyslexic Children in Malaysia Primary Schools
Authors: Che kamarudin Adrina , Abdul Rahim Ruslan
Published: August 2021

Based on earlier studies on visual communication issues, many have suggested improving "language, syllable, or phonetics" to enhance speech and spelling for dyslexic children. The objectives are: 1) to identify visual communication by integrating the learning through text and voice instructions; 2) to analyse the visual communication in the syllables of Bahasa Melayu. Results and findings from the two objectives in this study will form the latest learning platform for dyslexic children and the other learning language disorders of children as a medium for learning the syllables of Bahasa Melayu.
Keywords: Dyslexia, Hermeneutic, Interactive Visual Communication, Speech and Spelling.
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.2894
Motivation and Willingness to Communicate in English amongst ESL Engineering Pre-university Students in Malaysia
Authors: Subramaniam Sathiyaperba , Shaharudin Rozi Hanum , Abdul Hamid Nurul Bazilah , Abdul Wahab Nadiah Hanim
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the relationship between motivation and willingness to communicate (WTC) in English and motivation towards the WTC in English amongst pre-university Engineering students. The instruments used to investigate the motivation and the WTC in English and the correlation between motivation and WTC in English were administered amongst 109 respondents. There was a significant relationship between the variables. The multivariate regression results implied that 48.8% of WTC variance could be predicted from the motivation to communicate in English. The study provided important implications concerning the extension of the corpus of knowledge and pedagogical enhancement.
Keywords: Motivation to communicate, Willingness to communicate, Engineering students
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.2906
Proactivity among Academicians in Malaysian Private Universities
Authors: Cheah Chew Sze , Tan Cheng Ling , Yeo Sook Fern
Published: August 2021

The study examines demographic variables' role in academicians' proactive work behaviour (PWB) in private universities. Independent sample t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were performed using self-reported data from 287 academicians. Results show that academicians demonstrated moderate proactivity level. Male demonstrate higher proactiveness compared to females. Married workers score higher on PWB. An academician who holds a managerial position tends to be more proactive compared to others. Furthermore, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) holder displays a higher level of productivity. The findings offer practical suggestions to the university to address the situation and delegate job assignments based on individual differences.
Keywords: proactive work behaviour; academicians; demographic variables; private university 
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.2907
Student’s Learning Style and Achievement after Being Taught Contextually
Authors: Md Amin Zulkarnain , Md Kamaruddin Nafisah Kamariah , Che Him Norziha , Zun Ahmad Badruridzwanullah
Published: August 2021

Contextual learning combines examples taken from everyday experience. The purpose of this research is to identify whether learning contextually will improve students' achievement. A quasi-experimental design used. The engineering students were divided into contextual and non-contextual groups. The Neuro-Linguistics Programming (NLP) VAKD Preferred Representational Systems Test shows, majority of both groups use auditory digital learning styles. There is a significant difference at a significance level of .05, in the achievement test where the contextual groups performed better. The majority of the students in both groups are auditory digital learning styles, learning statistics contextually is an effective method for engineering students.
Keywords: NLP VAKD, learning styles, statistics, contextual
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.2908
Correlation Analysis on the Effects of Wearing Compression Socks and Smooth Socks on Running Kinematics among Runners
Authors: Mohd Jefry Muhammad Hanis , Hasan Hosni , Raja Azidin Raja Mohammed Firhad , Nural Azhan Mohd Azim
Published: August 2021

This study was conducted to determine running kinematics while using compression socks (CS) and smooth socks (SS) among 16 recreational runners. They were required to complete a maximal treadmill test with two different running sock conditions (smooth and compression). All kinematic parameters (ground contact time, heel strike, stride length and swing time) were reported in an average of the four stages of Bruce protocol. Results showed more significant correlations (p<0.05) among the kinematic variables in the compression socks condition as compared to the smooth socks. In conclusion, wearing compression socks improves movement kinematics while running may be due to the enriched somatosensory information received by the foot.
Keywords: Running; Compression socks; Movement kinematics; Somatosensory feedback 
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.2915
Does Festival-goer is a Risk-Taker?
Authors: Ismail Khairiah , Abdullah Nawal Hanim , Hassan Hamimah , Zamzuri Norol Hamiza
Published: August 2021

This paper examines festivalgoers' risk-taking behaviour, focusing on a Malaysian music festival. A qualitative methodology based on in-depth interviews with 15 music festival-goers. The respondents' risk-taking behaviour was examined using DOSPERT, including financial, health and safety, recreation, ethical, and social domains. The findings show that the previous music festival's risks did not affect festivalgoers' motivation to attend. A significant impact on government, organiser, and society. Respondents offered some guidelines for organising a music festival. Since very few papers examine the prospect of risk in music festivals, the adoption of DOSPERT provides much-needed rich and credible data.
Keywords: Risk-taking Behavior, Risk, Music Festival, Event
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.2916
Benefits and Challenges of Heritage Building Information Modelling Application in Malaysia
Authors: Ismail Elma Dewiyana , Said Shahrul Yani , Jalil Mohd Khairul Anuar , Ismail Noor Akmal Adillah
Published: August 2021

Studies revealed that most heritage buildings in Malaysia are deteriorating due to poor maintenance of recorded documentation. Unfortunately, conserving heritage buildings is a complex and multi-layered process that requires collaboration between different stakeholders. Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) is seen as an opportunity to establish a well-managed data collection. This paper attempts to examine the awareness, benefits and challenges of the implementation of BIM among stakeholders. Sixty-nine respondents with BIM knowledge and skills answered the questionnaire. Findings show significant attributes that could improve building conservation project performance, delivery and management, hence several challenges that need further improvement.
Keywords: Building Information Modeling, Conservation, Heritage building information modelling 
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4).2917
Impacto socioeconómico causado por la Covid-19 en zonas vulnerables de Guayaquil a un año de la pandemia
Authors: Ortega-Santos Carlos Ernesto , Márquez-Sánchez Fidel , Sorhegui-Ortega Rafael , Vergara-Romero Arnaldo
Published: August 2021

La pandemia del Covid-19 tuvo repercusiones socioeconómicas en el año 2020 que se reflejaron en una caída abrupta del PIB real de 7,8%, al descender de 71,789 millones de dólares en 2019 a 66,308 millones en el 2020. Mientras que la tasa de desempleo nacional es de 5.8% y esta tasa aumenta a 7.3% cuando se evalúa el área urbana, lo cual es más dramático en el desempleo femenino al llegar a 9.1%. El objetivo del artículo es monitorear el impacto socioeconómico que ha causado la Covid-19 en las zonas más vulnerables del cantón Guayaquil a un año de inicio de la pandemia. De esta forma se puede apreciar de acuerdo a los datos evaluados que el esfuerzo de la Alcaldía de Guayaquil y la entrega de kits de alimentos durante los continuos confinamientos de esta pandemia llegó en el momento oportuno y es muy bien evaluada por los beneficiarios. Además, la información obtenida permitirá realizar tomas decisiones asertivas en varios ámbitos socioeconómicos.
socialismo del siglo XXI y las nuevas democracias
Authors: Alcívar Trejo Carlos , Albert Márquez José J.
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo es una revisión y reflexión acerca de algunas de las nuevas conductas de organización política y del derecho, las cuales vienen desarrollándose en países sudamericanos, donde exponemos diversas perspectivas desde las que realizamos la descripción teórica de antiguos y nuevos conceptos, socio histórico y cultura- política y una nueva tendencia política, como lo fue y es el “Socialismo del Siglo XXI”. En ese sentido, la confianza de los ciudadanos hacia sus instituciones resulta fundamental para el funcionamiento y desarrollo de la democracia de un país. Si la ciudadanía percibe que las instituciones de la democracia actúan en beneficio público y respetando siempre la voluntad popular, los resultados de los procesos políticos gozarán de plena legitimidad. En contraparte, si hay desconfianza hacia la labor que las instituciones realizan, surgen problemáticas como la apatía o la desafección política, que podrían poner en vilo la estabilidad democrática (Morales, 2015). Por tanto, es menester reflexionar sobre cómo el avance tecnológico puede conducir a una falsa premisa sobre la facilidad que posee el marketing político y el impacto que ha tenido en el Ecuador durante los últimos años; considerando inclusive la aplicación de la tecnología y el diseño de la propaganda como recurso para llegar a la población y posicionarse como una marca política.
capacitación para microemprendimientos desde la acción universitaria: un asunto que pospone el desempeño empresarial a pequeña escala en las comunidades
Authors: Boza Valle Jhon , Mendoza Vargas Emma , Muñoz Heredia César , Velasco Barahona Victoria
Published: August 2021

En el contexto empresarial, cada tipo de empresas tiene establecido un determinado alcance, así como definidas las prioridades para establecer una estrategia de gestión organizacional que beneficie al propio negocio y también a sus directivos y miembros. Entre los aspectos que hoy no reciben prioridad se encuentra el asunto de la capacitación, entendida como la formación de habilidades cognitivas y personales para llevar a cabo el microemprendimiento, desde los centros universitarios. Ese fenómeno también ocurre en nuestro territorio con la participación de la Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo. Por ello, resulta pertinente desarrollar una investigación que describan el fenómeno poco estudiado desde la perspectiva cuantitativa, y con el empleo de la Encuesta. Se usó el muestreo intencional de 320 microemprendimientos del sector del comercio fundamentalmente. Las oportunidades que hoy tienen las microempresas de desarrollarse y generar mayor movilidad al sector de la economía se ve estropeado porque los negocios se mantienen sobre la base de improvisaciones y toma de decisiones sin previa visión de las consecuencias de los procesos y estrategias que se implementan, en primer lugar, debido a la falta de saberes, y en otros casos, por la falta de competencias e inteligencia emocional para enfrentar los escollos del mercado. Además de desconocer debilidades y fortalezas, los microempresarios carecen de herramientas para solventar los cambios repentinos del mercado y la competencia.
Металл-стимулированное разложение поверхности сапфира в потоке электронов с энергией 70 keV
Authors: Власов В.П. , Муслимов А.Э. , Каневский В.М.
Published: August 2021

Metal-stimulated decomposition of sapphire surface at room temperature
in a flux of electrons with energy of 70 keV. The stimulant used is an ensemble of crystalline
islands of gold. It was first established that the presence of an ensemble of gold islands on the surface of sapphire
significantly reduces substrate temperature and electron energy at which decomposition occurs
surfaces. Etching pits form near gold islands and have an elongated shape with
the following dimensions: length up to 1.2 μm, width up to 0.8 μm and average depth 20 nm. Maximum area
the base of the islands increases from 0.6 to 1.8 μm2.
Варизонные гетероструктуры Al-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-In-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-1-x-y-=/SUB=-P-=SUB=-z-=/SUB=-As-=SUB=-1-z-=/SUB=-/GaAs для фотоэлектрических преобразователей
Authors: Лунин Л.С. , Лунина М.Л. , Алфимова Д.Л. , Пащенко А.С. , Яковенко Н.А. , Пащенко О.С.
Published: August 2021

The AlxInyGa1-x-yPzAs1-z/GaAs graded-gap heterostructures were grown by the temperature gradient zone recrystallization with a liquid zone reciprocating, where energy band gap varied from 1.43 to 2.2 eV. The influence of technological parameters on the varying in the energy band gap of the grown AlxInyGa1-x-yPzAs1-z/GaAs solid solutions is investigated. In the p-AlxInyGa1-x-yPzAs1-z/n-GaAs heterostructure, the maximum energy band gap gradient of 10490 eV/cm is reached, and an increase in the external quantum efficiency is shown in the wavelength range of 500-900 nm.
Вероятность процесса захвата двух электронов быстрым ионом Не-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=- у атома Хе при различных параметрах удара
Authors: Басалаев А.А. , Панов М.Н. , Смирнов О.В.
Published: August 2021

Differential cross sections for scattering of helium atoms formed at collisions of He2+ ions with kinetic energies of 1.97, 3.00, and 7.17 keV/a.m.u with Xe atoms in processes with the formation of slow xenon ions with charges 2 - 4 have been measured. The projectiles deflection function is calculated. The probability of all these processes occurring at various values of the impact parameter of colliding particles is determined. The role of the electron shells of the Xe atom 5 (s, p) and 4 (s, p, d) for the capture of two electrons is determined depending on the speed of approach of the colliding particles, the impact parameter and the charge of the formed xenon ions.
Diagnosis and Management of Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Griswold Dylan P , Fernandez Laura , Rubiano A M
Published: August 2021

Background

Globally, 69 million people suffer from traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year and TBI is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Traumatic SAH (TSAH) has been described as an adverse prognostic factor leading to progressive neurological deterioration and an increase in morbidity and mortality, but there are a limited number of studies which evaluate recent trends in the diagnostic and management of SAH in the context of trauma.

Objective

The objective of this scoping review was to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to the diagnostic criteria and management of TSAH.

Methods

This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. A 3-step search strategy (an initial limited search in PubMed and Scopus databases; a main search of EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO, MEDLINE; and manual searches of reference lists of included articles) will be utilized. The search will be limited to studies with human participants and published in English, Spanish, and French between 2005 and 2020. This review will consider studies of adolescent and adult patients with SAH secondary to trauma. Study selection will be performed by 2 authors (DG and LF) in a 2-phase process; if any disagreement arises, a third author (AR) will be consulted. Data to be extracted from each study will include population, intervention, comparator and outcome measures, and a summary of findings. Citation screening, full-text review, risk of bias assessment, and extraction of study characteristics and outcomes will be carried out using a web-based software platform that streamlines the production of scoping reviews.

Results

Ethics approval is not required for this systematic review, as there will be no patient involvement. The search for this systematic review commenced in December 2020, and we expect to publish the findings in early 2021. The plan for dissemination is to publish review findings in a peer-reviewed journal and present findings at conferences that engage the most pertinent stakeholders.

Conclusions

This scoping review will serve as an initial step in providing more evidence for health care professionals, economists, and policymakers so that they might devote more resources toward this significant problem affecting both health and economic outcomes worldwide.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/26709
Ranking Rule-Based Automatic Explanations for Machine Learning Predictions on Asthma Hospital Encounters in Patients With Asthma: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Luo Gang
Published: August 2021

Background

Asthma hospital encounters impose a heavy burden on the health care system. To improve preventive care and outcomes for patients with asthma, we recently developed a black-box machine learning model to predict whether a patient with asthma will have one or more asthma hospital encounters in the succeeding 12 months. Our model is more accurate than previous models. However, black-box machine learning models do not explain their predictions, which forms a barrier to widespread clinical adoption. To solve this issue, we previously developed a method to automatically provide rule-based explanations for the model’s predictions and to suggest tailored interventions without sacrificing model performance. For an average patient correctly predicted by our model to have future asthma hospital encounters, our explanation method generated over 5000 rule-based explanations, if any. However, the user of the automated explanation function, often a busy clinician, will want to quickly obtain the most useful information for a patient by viewing only the top few explanations. Therefore, a methodology is required to appropriately rank the explanations generated for a patient. However, this is currently an open problem.

Objective

The aim of this study is to develop a method to appropriately rank the rule-based explanations that our automated explanation method generates for a patient.

Methods

We developed a ranking method that struck a balance among multiple factors. Through a secondary analysis of 82,888 data instances of adults with asthma from the University of Washington Medicine between 2011 and 2018, we demonstrated our ranking method on the test case of predicting asthma hospital encounters in patients with asthma.

Results

For each patient predicted to have asthma hospital encounters in the succeeding 12 months, the top few explanations returned by our ranking method typically have high quality and low redundancy. Many top-ranked explanations provide useful insights on the various aspects of the patient’s situation, which cannot be easily obtained by viewing the patient’s data in the current electronic health record system.

Conclusions

The explanation ranking module is an essential component of the automated explanation function, and it addresses the interpretability issue that deters the widespread adoption of machine learning predictive models in clinical practice. In the next few years, we plan to test our explanation ranking method on predictive modeling problems addressing other diseases as well as on data from other health care systems.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/5039
Ranking Rule-Based Automatic Explanations for Machine Learning Predictions on Asthma Hospital Encounters in Patients With Asthma: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Luo Gang
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Asthma hospital encounters impose a heavy burden on the health care system. To improve preventive care and outcomes for patients with asthma, we recently developed a black-box machine learning model to predict whether a patient with asthma will have one or more asthma hospital encounters in the succeeding 12 months. Our model is more accurate than previous models. However, black-box machine learning models do not explain their predictions, which forms a barrier to widespread clinical adoption. To solve this issue, we previously developed a method to automatically provide rule-based explanations for the model’s predictions and to suggest tailored interventions without sacrificing model performance. For an average patient correctly predicted by our model to have future asthma hospital encounters, our explanation method generated over 5000 rule-based explanations, if any. However, the user of the automated explanation function, often a busy clinician, will want to quickly obtain the most useful information for a patient by viewing only the top few explanations. Therefore, a methodology is required to appropriately rank the explanations generated for a patient. However, this is currently an open problem.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to develop a method to appropriately rank the rule-based explanations that our automated explanation method generates for a patient.

METHODS

We developed a ranking method that struck a balance among multiple factors. Through a secondary analysis of 82,888 data instances of adults with asthma from the University of Washington Medicine between 2011 and 2018, we demonstrated our ranking method on the test case of predicting asthma hospital encounters in patients with asthma.

RESULTS

For each patient predicted to have asthma hospital encounters in the succeeding 12 months, the top few explanations returned by our ranking method typically have high quality and low redundancy. Many top-ranked explanations provide useful insights on the various aspects of the patient’s situation, which cannot be easily obtained by viewing the patient’s data in the current electronic health record system.

CONCLUSIONS

The explanation ranking module is an essential component of the automated explanation function, and it addresses the interpretability issue that deters the widespread adoption of machine learning predictive models in clinical practice. In the next few years, we plan to test our explanation ranking method on predictive modeling problems addressing other diseases as well as on data from other health care systems.

CLINICALTRIAL

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/5039
Peer Review of “Finding Potential Adverse Events in the Unstructured Text of Electronic Health Care Records: Development of the Shakespeare Method” (Preprint)
Authors: Yu Haiyan
Published: August 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report.
Relevancia de China en las finanzas mundiales
Authors: San-Martín-Albizuri Nerea , Rodríguez-Castellanos Arturo
Published: August 2021

Tras cuatro décadas de reformas estructurales, China se encuentra en un punto de inflexión histórico: depender básicamente de las exportaciones, o ser uno de los mayores productores, consumidores e inversores del mundo, con una importante presencia en las finanzas mundiales. Es cierto que en los últimos años han aparecido problemas, y que respecto del futuro se vislumbran incertidumbres, pero las autoridades chinas disponen todavía de margen para hacerles frente, y por otra parte continúan desarrollando iniciativas destinadas a expandir la presencia del país en la economía y las finanzas mundiales.

En este trabajo en primer lugar se exponen los diversos aspectos de la presencia china en las finanzas mundiales, como son el tamaño de su sistema financiero, la tenencia de deuda externa pública estadounidense, la progresiva presencia internacional del yuan, manifestada por su entrada en la composición de los Derechos Especiales de Giro, y el incremento de las inversiones chinas en el exterior. Asimismo, se consideran las iniciativas de las autoridades chinas para incrementar la presencia de su país en el mundo, como son la “Iniciativa Belt and Road”, el “efecto China” como fuerza creadora de una nueva arquitectura económica y financiera mundial liderando al grupo de los BRICS, los acuerdos y tratados bilaterales de carácter comercial, monetario y de inversión, y el desarrollo de un mercado internacional para el oro físico en yuanes. Por último, se consideran los desafíos a los que deben hacer frente los gobernantes chinos para que tales iniciativas consigan sus objetivos.

 
Empresas mineras globales y gobernanza económica internacional
Authors: Concha Elizabeth
Published: August 2021

El año 2020 será recordado en la historia de la humanidad. El Fondo Monetario Internacional espera que la economía mundial se contraiga -3% y la Comisión Económica Para América Latina estima que América Latina tendrá un decrecimiento de -2 % del PIB. La minería se ve inmersa en esa expresión de crisis multidimensional; muchas de las grandes empresas mineras han respetado lo señalado por las autoridades internacionales de salud, sin embargo, la exploración y explotación de minerales no se puede hacer desde una computadora u otro dispositivo, por lo que estan esperando el momento para continuar su actividad y reexpresar una nueva caracterización del proceso de financiarización. Así el método de sugerencias inmersa en la gobernanza internacional deberían reconfigurarse porque, a pesar de tener claro sus objetivos y metas en los plazos estipulados, la realidad muestra una imagen ilusoria de ellos, al menos en lo que respecta a la gobernanza ambiental y la minería, antes del Covid-19, y en el presente. Este documento se divide en cinco apartados. Los primeros dos pasan revista a la literatura vigente del concepto de gobernanza internacional y ambiental. Las acciones de las grandes empresas mineras no se pueden considerar como un hecho aislado de la caracterización de la minería mundial contemporánea y financiarizada, lo que le da sentido al tercer apartado. El cuarto se colocan en un ejercicio de espejo, la gobernanza ambiental con la caracterización de la minería financiarizada, mostrando que el resultado es una imagen recóndita al igual que los argumentos de los organismos multinacionales, es decir, dos caminos dispersos en su totalidad. Finalmente, las conclusiones.

 
La deflación y "el agujero negro"
Authors: Marshall Wesley C.
Published: August 2021

A medida que los acontecimientos recientes de los mercados financieros se desvinculan aún más de la experiencia histórica, los economistas convencionales han estado hablando cada vez más en términos de Hollywood, repleto de supernovas, zombis y agujeros negros. Este breve artículo entra al terreno de la metáfora en un intento de explicar estas metáforas relacionadas y darles coherencia, además de aterrizarlas en el pensamiento y realidad económicos.

 
Financiarización fallida: El crédito hipotecario en Argentina 2016-19
Authors: Hernán Zeolla Nicolás , Gómez Lira Manuel , Socoloff Ivana
Published: August 2021

La economía global ha registrado un crecimiento extraordinario de la actividad financiera, penetrando los más diversos ámbitos de la vida cotidiana y la producción, en lo que muchos autores identifican como régimen de financiarización; la dimensión nacional del fenómeno como la financiarización corporativa, de la vivienda y de recursos naturales, entre otros, son dimensiones que han captado la atención de académicos. A partir de 2016 la economía argentina ha transitado por una serie de políticas tendientes a incrementar la financiarización. Tenía entre sus objetivos la expansión de crédito y la construcción de un mercado de titularización, especialmente el hipotecario, con el fin de apuntalar la debilitada actividad económica y dar una respuesta al problema social de la vivienda.
Integrating Information Visualization and Dimensionality Reduction: A pathway to Bridge the Gap between Natural and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Peluffo-Ordóñez Diego H.
Published: August 2021

By importing some natural abilities from human thinking into the design of computerized decision support systems, a cross-cutting trend of intelligent systems has emerged, namely, the synergetic integration between natural and artificial intelligence. While natural intelligence provides creative, parallel, and holistic thinking, its artificial counterpart is logical, accurate, able to perform complex and extensive calculations, and tireless. In the light of such integration, two concepts are important: controllability and interpretability. The former is defined as the ability of computerized systems to receive feedback and follow users’ instructions, while the latter refers to human-machine communication. A suitable alternative to simultaneously involve these two concepts—and then bridging the gap between natural and artificial intelligence—is bringing together the fields of dimensionality reduction (DimRed) and information visualization (InfoVis).
AS FORMAS ASSOCIATIVAS E DE COOPERAÇÃO NO PERCURSO DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR DA REGIÃO UVA E VINHO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL
Authors: Salvagni Julice , Johansson Matheus , Cunha Sofia
Published: August 2021

Aborda-se o Sistema Familiar de produção em relação às cooperativas e associações da Região Uva e Vinho. As famílias italianas, sob uma herança cultural, mantiveram as formas associativas historicamente vinculadas ao ciclo de produção. Objetivou-se analisar as relações entre os pequenos produtores e os tipos de cooperações existentes no território, contemplando a identificação do início da agricultura familiar no Brasil, o desenvolvimento da vitivinicultura familiar e a consolidação das cooperativas e associações de trabalho inseridas no âmbito rural. Analisa-se dados das vinícolas familiares e suas características, indicadores geográficos, a história das cooperativas e associações, os eventos e premiações oriundos do desenvolvimento do turismo da região e os números de importação, exportação e comércio do Vinho no Brasil e no exterior. Considera-se que as relações entre as cooperativas e os cooperados divergem em seus objetivos e ideais. Há no pequeno agricultor a necessidade de difundir as formas de cooperação para obter melhores condições de trabalho e para disputar as premiações que aferem o reconhecimento dos produtos. O nível dos laços vinculantes da região só se mantém sólidos graças a um histórico processo de amadurecimento das diferentes formas de cooperação.
MATHEMATICS TEACHER’S ENGAGEMENT AND STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION TO LEARN MATHEMATICS
Authors: Doño Mary Juliet Adapon , Mangila Benjamin Baguio
Published: August 2021

Effective teachers are those who are highly engaged and who have an essential role in promoting student motivation and achievement. Thus, this study was conducted to ascertain the engagement of Mathematics teachers and its relation to the learning motivation of students in a state college in the Philippines. It employed the mixed methods, specifically Creswell’s (2014) sequential explanatory approach, with the survey-questionnaire, interview, and focus group discussion as data collection techniques. The findings of the study revealed that teacher’s engagement in Mathematics in terms of “Body Language and Behaviors,” “Consistent Focus,” and “Individual Attention,” were “Very High” while “Rigorous Thinking,” “Meaningfulness of Work,” “Verbal Participation,” “Clarity of Teaching,” “Performance Orientation,” “Interest and Enthusiasm,” and “Confidence,” were only “High.” Meanwhile, students’ motivation to learn Mathematics as to “Relevance,” “Interest,” “Satisfaction,” and “Confidence” were also “High”. The test of hypothesis on significant correlation showed that there was a close association between teacher’s engagement in Mathematics and students’ motivation to learn Mathematics. There was also a corroboration between the quantitative data obtained from the survey and the qualitative data acquired during the interview and focus group discussion. The result further implied that teacher’s high engagement contributes positively to students’ willingness to learn essential concepts and skills in Mathematics.
Xylem embolism spread is largely prevented by interconduit pit membranes until the majority of conduits are gas-filled
Authors: Avila Rodrigo , Guan Xinyi , Kane Cade , Cardoso Amanda , Batz Timothy , DaMatta Fabio , Jansen Steven , McAdam Scott
Published: August 2021

Xylem embolism resistance varies across species influencing drought
tolerance, yet little is known about the determinants of the embolism
resistance of an individual conduit. Here we conducted an experiment
using the optical vulnerability method to test whether individual
conduits have a specific water potential threshold for embolism
formation and whether pre-existing embolism in neighbouring conduits
alters this threshold. Observations were made on a diverse sample of
angiosperm and conifer species through a cycle of dehydration,
rehydration and subsequent dehydration to death. Upon rehydration after
the formation of embolism, no refilling was observed. When little
pre-existing embolism was present, xylem conduits had a conserved,
individual, embolism resistance threshold that varied across the
population of conduits. The consequence of a variable conduit-specific
embolism threshold is that a small degree of pre-existing embolism in
the xylem results in an apparently more resistant xylem in a subsequent
dehydration, particularly in angiosperms with vessels. While our results
suggest that pit membranes separating xylem conduits are critical for
maintaining a conserved individual embolism threshold for given conduit
when little pre-exisiting embolism is present, as the percentage of
embolized conduits increases, gas movement, local pressure differences,
and connectivity between conduits increasingly contribute to embolism
spread.
Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging is useful for assessing hemolytic anemia following surgical repair of type A aortic dissection
Authors: Takahashi Kenichiro , Sekine Tetsuro , Kurita Jiro , Ishii Yosuke
Published: August 2021

In a case of mechanical hemolytic anemia following surgical repair of
type A aortic dissection, four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance
imaging revealed highly elevated turbulent kinetic energy in a stenotic
lesion of a replaced ascending aorta. Our findings suggest that
turbulent kinetic energy evaluation enables the detection of the origin
of mechanical hemolysis.