bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two‐day Static Cold Preservation of α1,3‐Galactosyltransferase Knockout Kidney Grafts Before Simulated Xenotransplantation
Authors: Mojoudi Mohammadreza , Taggart McLean , Karadagi Ahmad , Hassan Madeeha , Tomosugi Toshihide , Tomofuji Katsuhiro , Agius Thomas , Lyon Arnaud , Nakamura Tsukasa , Taveras Christopher , Ozgur Ozge Sila , Kharga Anil , Matheson Rudy , Riella Leonardo V. , Kimura Shoko , Yeh Heidi , Markmann James F. , Kawai Tatsuo , Uygun Korkut , Longchamp Alban
Published: August 2024

Transplantation remains the preferred treatment for end‐stage kidney disease but is critically limited by the number of available organs. Xenografts from genetically modified pigs have become a promising solution to the loss of life while waiting for transplantation. However, the current clinical model for xenotransplantation will require off‐site procurement, leading to a period of ischemia during transportation. As of today, there is limited understanding regarding the preservation of these organs, including the duration of viability, and the associated molecular changes. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the effects of static cold storage (SCS) on α1,3‐galactosyltransferase knockout (GGTA1 KO) kidney. After SCS, viability was further assessed using acellular sub‐normothermic ex vivo perfusion and simulated transplantation with human blood. Compared to baseline, tubular and glomerular interstitium was preserved after 2 days of SCS in both WT and GGTA1 KO kidneys. Bulk RNA‐sequencing demonstrated that only eight genes were differentially expressed after SCS in GGTA1 KO kidneys. During sub‐normothermic perfusion, kidney function, reflected by oxygen consumption, urine output, and lactate production was adequate in GGTA1 KO grafts. During a simulated transplant with human blood, macroscopic and histological assessment revealed minimal kidney injury. However, GGTA1 KO kidneys exhibited higher arterial resistance, increased lactate production, and reduced oxygen consumption during the simulated transplant. In summary, our study suggests that SCS is feasible for the preservation of porcine GGTA1 KO kidneys. However, alternative preservation methods should be evaluated for extended preservation of porcine grafts.
Local limits in p$p$‐adic random matrix theory
Authors: Van Peski Roger
Published: August 2024

We study the distribution of singular numbers of products of certain classes of ‐adic random matrices, as both the matrix size and number of products go to simultaneously. In this limit, we prove convergence of the local statistics to a new random point configuration on , defined explicitly in terms of certain intricate mixed ‐series/exponential sums. This object may be viewed as a nontrivial ‐adic analogue of the interpolating distributions of Akemann–Burda–Kieburg, which generalize the sine and Airy kernels and govern limits of complex matrix products. Our proof uses new Macdonald process computations and holds for matrices with iid additive Haar entries, corners of Haar matrices from , and the ‐adic analogue of Dyson Brownian motion studied by the author (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.02865).
Intracerebroventricular insulin injection acutely normalizes the augmented exercise pressor reflex in male rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Estrada Juan A. , Ishizawa Rie , Kim Han‐Kyul , Fukazawa Ayumi , Hori Amane , Hotta Norio , Iwamoto Gary A. , Smith Scott A. , Vongpatanasin Wanpen , Mizuno Masaki
Published: August 2024

The exercise pressor reflex (EPR) is exaggerated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the underlying central nervous system aberrations have not been fully delineated. Stimulation of muscle afferents within working skeletal muscle activates the EPR, by sending information to neurons in the brainstem, where it is integrated and results in reflexively increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and sympathetic nerve activity. Brain insulin is known to regulate neural activity within the brainstem. We hypothesize that brain insulin injection in T2DM rats attenuates the augmented EPR, and that T2DM is associated with decreased brain insulin. Using male Sprague–Dawley rats, T2DM and control rats were generated via an induction protocol with two low doses of streptozotocin (35 and 25 mg/kg, i.p.) in combination with a 14–23‐week high‐fat diet or saline injections and a low‐fat diet, respectively. After decerebration, MAP and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were evaluated during EPR stimulation, evoked by electrically induced muscle contraction via ventral root stimulation, before and after (1 and 2 h post) intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) insulin microinjections (500 mU, 50 nl). i.c.v. insulin decreased peak MAP (ΔMAP Pre (36 ± 14 mmHg) vs. 1 h (21 ± 14 mmHg) vs. 2 h (11 ± 6 mmHg), P < 0.05) and RSNA (ΔRSNA Pre (107.5 ± 40%), vs. 1 h (75.4 ± 46%) vs. 2 h (51 ± 35%), P < 0.05) responses in T2DM, but not controls. In T2DM rats, cerebrospinal fluid insulin was decreased (0.41 ± 0.19 vs. 0.11 ± 0.05 ng/ml, control (n = 14) vs. T2DM (n = 4), P < 0.01). The results demonstrated that insulin injections into the brain normalized the augmented EPR in brain hypoinsulinaemic T2DM rats, indicating that the EPR can be regulated by brain insulin.

image

Key points

The reflexive increase in blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity mediated by the autonomic nervous system during muscle contractions is also known as the exercise pressor reflex.

The exercise pressor reflex is dangerously augmented in type 2 diabetes, in both rats and humans.

In type 2 diabetic rats both cerebrospinal fluid insulin and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase signalling within cardiovascular brainstem neurons decrease in parallel.

Brain insulin injections decrease the magnitude of the reflexive pressor and sympathetic responses to hindlimb muscle contraction in type 2 diabetic rats.

Partial correction of low insulin within the central nervous system in type 2 diabetes may treat aberrant exercise pressor reflex function.
Prescribed Performance Backstepping and Sliding Mode Control for Automated Platoons With Internal Type-2 Fuzzy Logic and Exponential Spacing Policy
Authors: Negash Natnael M. , Tang Shu-Xia , Yang James
Published: August 2024

This study presents a control strategy employing a hybrid backstepping and sliding mode control (BSMC) approach for automated platoons. The control scheme integrates an exponential spacing policy tailored to varying driving conditions and vehicle constraints. We introduce an interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2FLS) to approximate the unknown nonlinear driving resistance term. This technique yields interval outputs, incorporating uncertain mean and standard deviation in the membership functions of inputs, thereby enhancing the system’s adaptability. We include a prescribed performance control using an asymmetric prescribed performance function to ensure string stability and confine spacing errors within a desired range. This technique eliminates the need for complex Laplace transform computations to check string stability. To validate the robustness of the proposed controller, we conduct simulations under fault and fault-free conditions, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Bold decisions in uncertain times
On the Edge: The Art of Risking Everything
Nate Silver
Penguin, 2024. 576 pp.
Authors: Greenbaum Dov
Published: August 2024

A celebrated election forecaster proposes a framework for confronting risk
AI has a democracy problem. Citizens’ assemblies can help.
Authors: Stilgoe Jack
Published: August 2024

When it comes to making decisions about artificial intelligence (AI), Eric Schmidt is very clear. In 2023, the former Google CEO told
NBC’s Meet the Press
, “there’s no way a nonindustry person can understand what is possible. It’s just too new, too hard, there’s not the expertise.” But if, as Schmidt believes, AI will be the next industrial revolution, then the technology is too important to be left to technology companies. AI poses huge challenges for democratic societies, and the decisions on it are currently being made by a very small group of people. Realizing the opportunities of AI, understanding its risks, and steering it toward the public interest will require a large dose of public participation.
COVID-19 is surging again—with far fewer serious cases
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: August 2024

New variants that elude immunity have caused a massive summer wave
To save wildlife from fences, scientists turn to AI
Authors: Peterson Christine
Published: August 2024

The research uses aerial imagery to pinpoint structures that could block migratory pronghorn and other wildlife
Phage-mediated resolution of genetic conflict alters the evolutionary trajectory of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
lysogens
Authors: Suttenfield Laura C. , Rapti Zoi , Chandrashekhar Jayadevi H. , Steinlein Amelia C. , Vera Juan Cristobal , Kim Ted , Whitaker Rachel J.
Published: August 2024

The opportunistic human pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is naturally infected by a large class of temperate, transposable, Mu-like phages. We examined the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of
P. aeruginosa
PA14 lysogen populations as they resolve clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat
(
CRISPR) autoimmunity, mediated by an imperfect CRISPR match to the Mu-like DMS3 prophage. After 12 days of evolution, we measured a decrease in spontaneous induction in both exponential and stationary phase growth. Co-existing variation in spontaneous induction rates in the exponential phase depended on the way the coexisting strains resolved genetic conflict. Multiple mutational modes to resolve genetic conflict between host and phage resulted in coexistence in evolved populations of single lysogens that maintained CRISPR immunity to other phages and polylysogens that lost immunity completely. This work highlights a new dimension of the role of lysogenic phages in the evolution of their hosts.

IMPORTANCE

The chronic opportunistic multi-drug-resistant pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is persistently infected by temperate phages. We assess the contribution of temperate phage infection to the evolution of the clinically relevant strain UCBPP-PA14. We found that a low level of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-mediated self-targeting resulted in polylysogeny evolution and large genome rearrangements in lysogens; we also found extensive diversification in CRISPR spacers and
cas
genes. These genomic modifications resulted in decreased spontaneous induction in both exponential and stationary phase growth, increasing lysogen fitness. This work shows the importance of considering latent phage infection in characterizing the evolution of bacterial populations.
Neuromuscular junction disorders: mimics and chameleons
Authors: El-Wahsh Shadi , Fraser Clare , Vucic Steve , Reddel Stephen
Published: August 2024

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorders represent a heterogenous group of acquired and congenital disorders that present in variable and distinctive ways. The diagnosis is typically reached through a combination of clinical, serological, pharmacological and electrophysiological evaluation. While the diagnosis can be fairly straightforward in some cases, the overlap with other neurological disorders can make diagnosis challenging, particularly in pure ocular presentations and in seronegative patients. The over-reliance on serological tests and electrophysiological evaluation in isolation can lead to misdiagnosis. In this article, we provide an overview of the NMJ disorders, discuss red flags for the key differential diagnoses (mimics) and report the atypical ways in which NMJ disorders may present (chameleons).
Anatomical evaluation of the superficial parasternal intercostal plane block
Authors: Harbell Monica , Nelson James A , Langley Natalie R , Seamans David P , Craner Ryan
Published: August 2024

Background and objectives

Few cadaveric studies have evaluated the dye spread with superficial parasternal intercostal plane (SPIP) blocks. In this study, we examined the dye spread of an ultrasound-guided SPIP block in a human cadaveric model with single and double injection techniques.

Methods

Seven single and four double ultrasound-guided SPIP blocks were performed in seven unembalmed human cadavers using an in-plane approach with the transducer oriented parasagitally 1 cm lateral to the sternum. For the single SPIP, 20 mL of 0.166% methylene blue was injected in the second or third intercostal space into the plane between the Pec major muscle and internal intercostal muscles. For the double SPIP, 10 mL of 0.166% methylene blue was injected in the SPIP at one intercostal space with an additional 10 mL injected in the SPIP two intercostal spaces caudally. The extent of dye spread was documented.

Results

For all SPIP injections, there was consistent mediolateral spread from the sternum to the mid-clavicular line, with many extending laterally to the anterior axillary line. There was craniocaudal spread to a median of 2 intercostal muscles with a single SPIP and 3 intercostal muscles with a double SPIP. There was a median spread to 1 intercostal nerve for the single SPIP and 1.5 intercostal nerves with the double SPIP.

Conclusions

The SPIP block demonstrated limited spread in this cadaver study. A single injection of this block may be of limited value and multiple SPIP injections may be needed to have adequate spread for anterior thoracic procedures.
Analytical solutions for the stability of stone column-supported and geosynthetic-reinforced embankment
Authors: Yu Xiaoxuan , Zheng Gang , Zhou Haizuo , Ma Fujian
Published: August 2024

This study presents a novel prediction model based on the three-wedge method, utilizing a force-based equilibrium model to evaluate the stability of embankments reinforced by stone columns and geosynthetics. The proposed model utilizes six slip surfaces, enabling it to accommodate diverse geometric configurations, shear strength parameters, reinforcement arrangements (i.e., stone columns and geosynthetic), surcharge, water level, and quasistatic seismic coefficients. A constant factor of safety is initially assumed for each slip surface and reinforcement element, although this assumption can be relaxed by varying the strength parameters. The factor of safety is determined analytically through the solution of a polynomial equation. The proposed analytical solutions, which offer a compact form, provide new insights for the three-wedge method and effectively customize the conditions for geosynthetic-reinforced column-supported embankment applications, characterized by wedge interaction between the embankment, clay, geosynthetics, and columns. Validations of the proposed method are performed using the results obtained from the centrifuge test and numerical modelling, demonstrating the reliability of the analytical solution.
High-precision U–Pb geochronology of the Lundy igneous complex: implications for North Atlantic volcanism and the far-field Paleocene–Eocene ash record
Authors: Lisica Karlo , Augland Lars E. , Stevenson John A. , Jerram Dougal A. , Beresford-Browne Adam , Jones Morgan T.
Published: August 2024

The Lundy Island (Bristol Channel, UK) granite is a felsic expression of the southernmost igneous centre of the North Atlantic Igneous Province that emplaced millions of cubic kilometres of magma during the Paleogene. The granite's distinctive S-type, peraluminous, two-mica ± garnet ± tourmaline composition has led to the hypothesis that eruptions from the Lundy volcanic centre may be the source of thick felsic ash layers within the early Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark) that act as key marker horizons for the onset and duration of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. This paper presents high-precision zircon U–Pb emplacement ages of 57.24 ± 0.11/0.12/0.13 Ma for the granite and 55.970 ± 0.021/0.030/0.070 Ma for a felsic ‘lundyite’ dyke. Trace and rare earth element patterns indicate close similarities between late-stage Lundy activity and ash layer −33 in Denmark. This ash layer was deposited during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum carbon isotope excursion, suggesting that the Lundy volcanic centre is likely to be the source of this key ash horizon and that magmatism at Lundy likely continued into the early Eocene.
Mapping oceanic gateways from 3D seismic data using colour processing and analogues from seismic data
Authors: Laake Andreas
Published: August 2024

Mapping sedimentary features to delineate ancient oceanic gateways from 3D seismic data has long been a challenge owing to their limited vertical resolution. We present the technique of colour processing of seismic data, which improves the vertical resolution to very few seismic samples corresponding to 5–10 m. The result is a representation of the seismic impedance contrast correlation in red–green–blue colours, which creates images similar to satellite images that assist with geological interpretation because the red–green–blue colours can be associated with mud-rich and sand-rich sediments.

Using this approach, we have extracted six different sedimentary bedforms from different bottom flow settings and correlated these with the bedform–velocity matrix by

Stow
et al.
(2009)

. We then studied bedform assemblies in their regional contexts in the area covered by the 3D seismic dataset. We conclude by comparing a modern analogue and an ancient analogue – both from 3D seismic data – and infer palaeoflow direction and velocity using oceanographic measurements available for the modern analogue.

The method provides insights into ocean bottom currents and their impact on the formation of contourite depositional systems in modern and ancient oceanic gateways, which contributes to the reconstruction of the palaeoclimate as an input to present-day climate change models.
Ichnological record in gateways and other high-energy deepwater environments: a palaeo- and neoichnological approach
Authors: Rodríguez-Tovar Francisco Javier , Miguez-Salas Olmo
Published: August 2024

The evolution of gateways determines variations in palaeoenvironmental (ecological and depositional) conditions affecting tracemaker communities, and hence biogenic structures. With respect to palaeogateways, bottom currents and associated deposits (i.e. contourites) may be approached through trace-fossil studies. Ichnological analysis – individual ichnotaxa and changes in ichnofacies – of Late Miocene contourites and associated facies from the Rifian Corridor palaeogateway (Morocco) reveals a major impact of food supply, flow velocity, seafloor heterogeneity and hydrodynamic energy. The fact that Eocene to middle Miocene deep-marine deposits, mainly contourites, from the nearby Indian palaeogateway (Cyprus) show ichnofacies replacement is evidence of increased bottom-current flow velocity associated with sea-level variations. Moreover, ichnofabric changes reflect pelagic, gravitational and bottom-current processes that simultaneously influence sedimentation. Changes in the trace-fossil composition of both areas, and in the shape of burrows, reflect intermittent bottom-current processes that governed contourite deposition. Neoichnological studies complement and validate the trace-fossil record of high-energy deep-sea environments that can occur in palaeogateways. Modern traces (
lebensspuren
) observed on the seafloor show variable features (e.g. diversity, density, morphology) depending on the type of disturbance that high-energy conditions exert on the trace-making benthic fauna. Parameters such as substrate consistency, nutrient availability/distribution and the duration and intensity of energetic events play a major role in determining
lebensspuren
features. We conclude that an integrative palaeo- and neoichnological approach is a powerful tool when used to improve our knowledge of benthic ecosystems in high-energy deep-sea environments such as gateways.
Power-Domain Interference Graph Estimation for Multi-hop BLE Networks
Authors: Jia Haifeng , Wei Yichen , Pi Yibo , Chen Cailian
Published: August 2024

Traditional wisdom for network management allocates network resources separately for the measurement and communication tasks. Heavy measurement tasks may compete limited resources with communication tasks and significantly degrade overall network performance. It is therefore challenging for the interference graph, deemed as incurring heavy measurement overhead, to be used in practice in wireless networks. To address this challenge in wireless sensor networks, our core insight is to use power as a new dimension for interference graph estimation (IGE) such that IGE can be done simultaneously with the communication tasks using the same frequency-time resources. We propose to marry power-domain IGE with concurrent flooding to achieve simultaneous measurement and communication in BLE networks, where the power linearity prerequisite for power-domain IGE holds naturally true in concurrent flooding. With extensive experiments, we conclude the necessary conditions for the power linearity to hold and analyze several non-linearity issues of power related to hardware imperfections. We design and implement network protocols and power control algorithms for IGE in multi-hop BLE networks and conduct experiments to show that the marriage is mutually beneficial for both IGE and concurrent flooding. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential of IGE in improving channel map convergence and convergecast in BLE networks.
A Highly Sensitive and Rapid Enzyme Biosensor Based on AuNPs/CS@cMWCNTS for Detecting Fusarium Acid
Authors: Dang Qiaoning , Sun Bolu , Shi Hongxia , Ma Quhuan , Liu Yuhong , Zou Haoye , Wang Xinlan , Da Xuanxiu , Zhou Miao , Lv Ying , Yang Lin , Shi Xiaofeng
Published: August 2024

Fusarium acid (FSA) serves as a highly sensitive biomarker for the early warning of bulb rot in Lanzhou lily caused by Fusarium oxysporum infection. Realizing its highly sensitive, accurate, and rapid detection is crucial for the early warning and control of lily bulb rot. Herein, an enzyme biosensor based on the enzyme inhibition principle was developed for the rapid detection of FSA. Firstly, chitosan-functionalized carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS@cMWCNTS) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were modified on a bare electrode by drop coating and electrochemical deposition methods, respectively. Subsequently, dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) was firmly immobilized on the electrode surface through the gold-sulfur bond. Because the activity of DBH can be inhibited by FSA, which leads to a noticeable change in the signal response during the conversion of dopamine (DA) to norepinephrine (NA). Under optimized experimental conditions, the sensor exhibits an excellent linear relationship in the concentration range of 1.00 × 10−5 μg ml−1 ∼ 1.00 × 103 μg ml−1 with the correlation coefficient of 0.9856 and the detection limit is 4.60pg ml−1. Additionally, the sensor showed good stability, repeatability (RSD 1.85%), and selectivity. The method was applied to analyze FSA in the extraction from Lanzhou lily with a recovery higher than 97.59% and RSD less than 1.383%. This method enables the highly sensitive and rapid detection of FSA in real samples, and provides scientific basis and technical support for early warning of diseases and accurate implementation of prevention and control strategies in crop planting and production.
Synergistic Approach of TiO2@MnZnO3 Heterostructure for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Marriam Fareeha , Arshad Aleena , Munawar Khadija , Mansoor Muhammad Adil , Ebadi Mehdi , Naeem Rabia
Published: August 2024

The superior kinetics of charge carriers and greater visible light absorption are important factors for enhancing photoelectrochemical performance. Herein, the core–shell heterostructure has been developed by encapsulating single-phase MnZnO3 over TiO2 nanotubes by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition approach. The fabricated photoanodes have been characterized by employing various techniques including X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and photoluminescence. Moreover, the mechanism for electron/hole transfer has been focused by a brief electrochemical investigation. The bilayer 1D/2D TiO2@MnZnO3 photoanode exhibited higher current density (2 mA cm−2) as compared to pristine TiO2-nanotubes (0.174 mA cm−2) at 1.52 V vs RHE. The superior photoactivity of heterostructure is attributed to the rapid transfer of photogenerated charge carriers via the Type-II mechanism. Furthermore, the reduced band gap (2.05 eV) accounts for good absorption in the visible region of light, while the interfacial electric field allowed the improved charge separation. The synergistic strategy in the present work demonstrates the promising significance of a heterojunction interface to optimize photovoltaic devices.
A Fault Diagnosis Method for Planetary Gearboxes Based on IFMD
Authors: Bie Fengfeng , Ding Xueping , Li Qianqian , Zhang Yuting , Huang Xinyue
Published: August 2024

The vibration signal from the planetary gearbox exhibits nonlinear and impulsive characteristics amidst strong noise, impeding the effective extraction of fault information and compromising the accuracy of fault diagnosis. To address this challenge, a fault diagnosis method rooted in feature mode decomposition (FMD) is proposed. Initially, the critical parameters (modal number n and filter length L) of FMD are optimized using an improved genetic algorithm (IGA), and the refined FMD is employed to decompose the vibration signals from the planetary gearbox. Subsequently, a convolutional neural network integrated with the support vector machine model (CNN‐SVM) is established, leveraging the convolutional neural network for feature extraction. Ultimately, SVM iteratively optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, serves as the classification technique. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in extracting and identifying fault information within planetary gearboxes.
Enhanced Carboxymethyl Cellulose Based on Empty Fruit Bunches in a High Degree of Substitution and Thermal Stability as a Biocomposite Film Backbone
Authors: Susi Susi , Ainuri Makhmudun , Wagiman Wagiman , Fajar Falah Mohammad Affan
Published: August 2024

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a water‐soluble cellulose, can be derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs). In addition to being highly soluble, it is essential for CMC to exhibit excellent thermal stability when utilized in biocomposites. Reactants in the alkalization and etherification steps to provide high DS of CMC‐based OPEFB have not been standardized. The research aimed to optimize the alkalization and etherification processes using a response surface methodology (RSM). This will help in determining the optimal ratios of 30% NaOH (the center point of 3), isopropanol (the center point of 30) as maceration media, and monochloroacetic acid (the center point of 1.2) needed for the cellulose. RSM determined the optimum ratio of 30% NaOH to OPEFB cellulose, which was 3.36 : 1, an isopropanol ratio of 30.62 : 1, and an MCA to cellulose ratio of 1.19 : 1. The optimization indicates that the OPEFB cellulose‐based CMC have a high degree of substitution of 1.28 and a carboxymethyl content of 31.93%. CMC morphology showed noticeable changes, such as a smoother surface and swelling. There was a significant increase in the wavenumber of 1580 cm−1 due to the presence of carbonyl groups. The OPEFB‐based CMC resulted in a crystallinity of 40.18%, and thermal gravimetric analysis indicated that mass decreases occurred at high temperatures of 500°C, which suggests that the optimal CMC has a high thermal stability. OPEFB‐based CMC exhibits a high degree of substitution and resistance to thermal degradation, which makes it suitable for further use as the main material in biocomposite films.
Quantitative Characterization Model of Macroscopic Mechanical Properties of Recycled Concrete Based on Porosity and Pore Sizes
Authors: Chen Haiyu , Xu Fuwei
Published: August 2024

In consideration of the impact of porosity and pore sizes on the macroscopic mechanical parameters (compressive strength and elastic modulus) of recycled concrete, an investigation was conducted on the macroscopic mechanical properties of the recycled concrete with varying replacement rates of recycled coarse aggregates. By utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance technology to scan the porosity and pore structure of the recycled concrete, an analysis was performed on the correlation between the macroscopic mechanical properties of the recycled concrete and pore sizes (most available pore size, mean pore size, and critical pore size). The regression analysis using the least square method was carried out on test data. A quantitative characterization model of macroscopic mechanical properties of the recycled concrete between porosity and pore sizes (most available pore size, mean pore size, and critical pore size) was established. This model was compared with existing models of the strength‐pore structure. Research results indicated that with the increasing replacement rate for the recycled coarse aggregate, both porosity and pore sizes in the recycled concrete increased, and its macroscopic mechanical properties (compressive strength and elastic modulus) continuously decreased. The correlation analysis revealed a strong relationship between porosity and pore sizes (most available pore size, mean pore size, critical pore size, and the macroscopic mechanical properties (compressive strength and elastic modulus)) of the recycled concrete. In comparison to existing models of the strength‐pore structure, the established quantitative characterization model provided a more precise depiction of the relationship of the macroscopic mechanical properties of the recycled concrete between porosity and pore sizes, resulting in enhanced accuracy in prediction outcomes.
Intellectual Disability and Blended Phenotypes: Insights from a Centre in North India
Authors: Panigrahi Inusha , Rao Sudha , Verma Kumar Shalu , Kumari Divya , Kaur Parminder
Published: August 2024

Intellectual disability (ID) is seen in around 2.5% of global population and can vary from mild to severe and profound ID. There can be multiple affected family members if it is inherited, though many autosomal dominant ID cases would be due to de novo mutations are very less likely to recur in families. A confirmatory diagnosis is facilitated by genetic testing like chromosomal microarray and next generation sequencing. We describe here our cohort of 15 patients: children and adolescents with ID diagnosed by using sequencing technologies and parental segregation studies. Most of the variants identified were de novo variants and consistent with sporadic occurrence, and blended phenotypes were identified. Appropriate genetic counseling was performed and options for prenatal diagnosis were discussed. Thus, advanced sequencing technologies enable identification of likely causative de novo variants associated with intellectual disability and dysmorphism.
Green’s Function of the Cauchy Problem for Equations with Dissipative Parabolicity, Negative Genus, and Variable Coefficients
Authors: Litovchenko Vladyslav , Kharyna Denys
Published: August 2024

Green’s function of the Cauchy problem is constructed by the method of successive approximations, and its main properties are studied for a new class of linear differential equations with dissipative parabolicity and negative genus, whose coefficients are bounded, continuous in time, and infinitely differentiable by the spatial variable of the function. This class covers Shilov parabolic equations, as well as the class of the Zhitomirskii parabolic Shilov‐type equations with variable coefficients and negative genus, and successfully complements the Petrovsky class of parabolic equations.
Patients’ Care Transition in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review on Facilitators and Challenges Related to Referral and Enrolment
Authors: Ravn Maiken Bay , Sevel Claus Theilgaard , Handberg Charlotte , Pedersen Charlotte Gjørup , Maribo Thomas , Nielsen Claus Vinther
Published: August 2024

Background. Despite existing evidence on the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), programs are underutilized. Factors affecting referral and enrolment in hospital‐based CR were identified; however, research into factors affecting referral and enrolment in community‐based CR is lacking. Aim. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify and synthesize facilitators and challenges in the transition of patient care from hospital to community healthcare services and how they influence CR referral and enrolment. Method. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant publications. The data were analysed using thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke. The study followed the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews and the Joanna Briggs Institute’s model. Result. In total, 36 studies were included in this analysis. The results show that facilitators and challenges for referral and enrolment in CR form a complex interaction. Factors influencing referral and enrolment may be setting‐dependent or ‐independent. However, each setting may influence the entire transition. Conclusion. The patient decision‐making process regarding CR may begin in the hospital, indicating that this period is the right time to encourage CR enrolment. To support patient transition, healthcare professionals at hospitals require knowledge of CR and the ability to prioritize patient support. Offering an initial meeting at a local site may decrease patient prejudice and facilitate enrolment.
Key Clinical and X-Ray Characteristics for the Diagnosis of Kenny-Caffey Syndrome Types 1 and 2
Authors: Simsek Enver , Eren Sumeyye Emel , Cayir Atilla , Tokur Oguzhan , Cilingir Oguz , Simsek Tulay
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Kenny-Caffey syndrome (KCS) is a rare syndrome characterized by short stature, hypoparathyroidism, eye abnormalities, and skeletal dysplasia. Two types of KCS result from pathogenic variants in the tubulin-specific chaperone E (TBCE) gene and the family with sequence similarity 111 member A (FAM111A) gene, respectively. Case Presentation: In this study, we present 4 patients from three different families exhibiting facial dysmorphism, postnatal growth retardation, short stature, delayed bone age, cortical thickening and medullary stenosis of the bones, and hypoparathyroidism. Two of these cases were diagnosed with growth hormone (GH) deficiency and underwent GH therapy, highlighting the response to GH treatment in KCS. Three consanguineous cases of KCS type 1 possess a homozygous variant c.155_166del in the TBCE gene, and 1 patient with KCS type 2 has a de novo pathogenic variant c.1706G>A (p.Arg569His) in the FAM111 gene. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that prenatal and postnatal growth failure is a prominent characteristic of this syndrome, with KCS types 1 and 2 showing overlapping features.
Integração openBIM de modelo e orçamento com o sistema nacional de classificação de informação: uma proposta de fluxo de trabalho interoperável e colaborativo
Authors: Moura Rebeca Viana Alencar Rodrigues , Miceli Junior Giuseppe , Pellanda Paulo César
Published: August 2024

Diante da implementação do Building Information Modeling (BIM) na Indústria de Construção, a temática de padronização de informações e processos está em voga. Assim, a NBR 15965:2022 apresenta o Sistema Nacional de Classificação da Informação da Construção visando estabelecer a terminologia e estrutura de classificação para a modelagem da informação da construção. O objetivo do artigo é propor um fluxo de trabalho interoperável e colaborativo que auxilie os projetistas e o orçamentista a inserir propriedades e parâmetros relevantes no modelo BIM no formato do Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). Utilizando a metodologia Design Science Research (DSR), o fluxo de trabalho desenvolvido é um método de integração da modelagem do projeto e da elaboração de orçamentos, por meio do Sistema Nacional de Classificação, utilizando ferramentas open source. Assim, os requisitos de informação foram definidos para os projetistas e para o orçamentista, e foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta (Add-on) no Blender, que possibilita a criação de propriedades personalizadas no modelo IFC e a exportação automatizada da planilha de quantitativos e da planilha orçamentária. A aplicação do fluxo de trabalho, no modelo de projeto BIM apresentado, possibilitou a classificação dos elementos do modelo conforme a NBR 15965, e otimizou a etapa de orçamentação sem depender de softwares proprietários.
An identification guide to the genera of aquatic larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of south-east Asia
Authors: CRANSTON PETER S. , TANG HONGQU
Published: August 2024

We provide illustrated dichotomous keys for the identification of final (4th) instar larvae of south-east Asian genera of Chironomidae (Diptera), predominantly from aquatic (freshwater and maritime) habitats. The region considered comprises oriental China, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia (west and east), Brunei, Singapore and Indonesia. Eight subfamilies are represented and phylogenetically validated tribes are keyed. Terminal taxa, listed in the sequence used in this guide, comprise 28 genera of Tanypodinae, 71 of Chironominae, 2 of Podonominae, 1 of Buchonomyiinae, 8 of Diamesinae, 2 of Protanypodinae, 5 of Prodiamesinae, 2 of Telmatogetoninae and 61 of Orthocladiinae. The morphology terminology is standard for larval Chironomidae to which users are referred. Illustrations of selected features are provided as photographs with important details labelled. Short summaries of ecology and concise details of selected species and regional / global distribution are provided in brackets under each entry. Some suspect new synonymy is alluded to, but will be addressed formally in more detail elsewhere.
Two new species of the genus Polyphrix Townes 1972 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) from Peru
Authors: INGA LITA , ALVARADO MABEL
Published: August 2024

Polyphrix is a small neotropical genus comprising four species. Here, two new species from Peru are described and figured: Polyphrix misa sp. nov. and Polyphrix tullu sp. nov. The distribution of P. varians Townes 1970 in Peru is confirmed and P. stellata Tedesco & Santos 2009 is newly recorded for the country. Additionally, an updated key to species is presented.
A new species and a new record of Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera, Aulacidae) from the North Andean block with a key to Colombian species
Authors: SANTOS EDUARDO FERNANDO DOS , H. LUIS A. MAZARIEGOS
Published: August 2024

A new species of Aulacus Jurine from the Colombian Andes, A. gracielae Santos & Mazariegos sp. nov., is described. In addition, we present a new record of A. costaricensis Smith, expanding its geographical distribution. Furthermore, we present an updated identification key for the species recorded from Colombia.
Disturbances in Biological Parameters in Patients Exposed to Nitrous Oxide Abuse Experience of the Rene Dubos Hospital Centre in Pontoise
Authors: Koffi Yannick , Yeo Samuel , Pottier Corinne , Niclot Philippe
Published: August 2024

Nitrous oxide abuse is increasingly common among young people. It's a gas consumed at parties, where access is easy and less expensive. It can cause vitamin deficiencies, leading to neurological and non-neurological clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to establish the blood biology profile of patients hospitalized for neurological disorders in the context of nitrous oxide abuse. Methodology, we conducted a retrospective and prospective descriptive study from January 2021 to April 2023. We studied frequency of consumption, inhaled dose and time of exposure to nitrous oxide. Blood levels of vitamin B12 and B9 were measured. Methylmalonic acid and homocysteine were also measured in the blood. Results include 15 patients recruited during the study period. 7 of the 15 patients used nitrous oxide daily. One patient consumed 9600 grams per week. Ten patients had a delay in toxicity beyond one year. Vitamin B12 blood levels were normal in 8 of 15 patients. On average, vitamin B12 levels were normal at 207.57 pmol/l. Vitamin B9 was not routinely measured in 9 patients. Blood homocysteine levels were elevated in 12 of 13 patients, with a high mean of 83.36 µmol/l. In conclusion, blood homocysteine levels are a more reliable marker than vitamin B12 for demonstrating biological disturbances associated with laughing gas abuse.
Grain Quality Responses of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgium L. var. durum) to N Fertilizer and Seed Rates
Authors: Desta Bizuwork , Eshetu Sisay , Meseret Almaz
Published: August 2024

In Ethiopia, knowledge about integrated seed and N fertilizer rates aimed at increasing the nutritional quality of durum wheat is limited. To full fill this gap, four levels of seed rate (i.e. 100, 125, 150, and 175 kg ha-1) and four levels of N rate (i.e. 0, 46, 92, and 138 kg ha-1) were arranged in randomized complete block design under two growing locations (environments). Results showed that the sole effects of the N fertilizer rate were a linear increment in hectoliter weight, gluten index (), and grain hardness under a high N rate. However sole effect of seed rate as well as the interaction effects of seed by N fertilizer rates did not have significant effects in all the tested grain nutritional qualities. On the other hand, interaction between the N rate and growing environment was found to be significant effects observed on the grain quality traits; grain protein content, wet, dry gluten, and gluten index were higher in Memirhager (low damp environment) combined with N application of 92 kg ha than Chefe Donsa site (high damp environment) even under higher N rate. The results of this research indicated that the aforementioned quality traits would be appreciably modified by N fertilizer, durum wheat should be grown in a low-damp environment. However, hectoliter weight, 1000-KW, and grain hardness were higher at the Chefe Donsa site. Therefore, an agronomist must consider the effects of nitrogen fertilizer, the environment, along their interaction, when aiming to optimize quality traits.
Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Properties of Lowland Rice on Vertisols of Fogera District, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Bitew Banchamlak , Molla Eyayu , Tadesse Tilahun , Bekis Dejen
Published: August 2024

Declining land productivity due to low soil fertility status as a result of continuous cultivation, inadequate use of organic and inorganic fertilizers is a major cause for decline crop productivity. Hence, a field experiment was conducted at Fogera National Rice Research and Training Center (FNRRTC) during the 2021 cropping season to determine the effects of integrated use of farmyard manure (FYM) and nitrogen fertilizer on soil properties and yield of lowland rice on the vertisols of Fogera district. The treatments were factorial combination of three levels of FYM (0, 5, and 7.5 t ha-1) and four levels of Nitrogen (0, 46, 92, and 184 kg ha-1). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Representative soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-20 cm before treatment application and after crop harvest, and analyzed following the standard laboratory procedures. All collected soil data were analyzed by using SAS software (version 9.4). After crop harvest the results showed that soil pH, OC, TN, CEC, Exc. K, Ca, Mg and Av.P were significantly (p<0.01) affected by the main effects of FYM. The combined applications of FYM and N fertilizer also significantly (p<0.01) affected CEC, OC and Exc.Mg. The highest soil CEC, OC and Exc.Mg were recorded from the combine effects of 7.5 t/kg with 92 kg/ha. From the results of this experiment, it could be concluded that combined application of FYM and inorganic N fertilizers improved the chemical and physical properties, which may lead to enhanced and sustainable production of rice in the study area.
Investigation of Histological Image Classification Methods Using Different Feature Extraction Techniques
Authors: Mirzaev Nomaz , Meliev Farkhod
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the performance of different machine and deep learning algorithms in classifying colon histological images using different feature extraction methods. The relationship between the feature extraction methods and the selected machine learning methods to improve the classification accuracy is analyzed. Widely used methods like local binary patterns, histograms of oriented gradients, Gabor filter and Dobeshi wavelets are investigated for feature extraction from colon histological images. The features extracted by histogram of oriented gradients and Gabor filter methods were used as a single joint feature vector. And popular machine learning methods such as Support vector machine, Decision trees, Random forest, k-nearest neighbors and Naive Bayesian method were used to classify the selected images. The paper also investigates ensemble methods using gradient bousting and voting classifier as examples. The authors also focus on the study of convolutional neural networks as they are one of the main deep learning methods at the moment. The classification methods selected for analysis are compared in terms of classification accuracy and time taken for training and recognition. All pre-defined and adjustable parameters of both feature extraction methods and classification methods were personally selected by the authors as a result of experimental studies, which were conducted using a software tool created in the Python programming language on a set of LC25000 histological images. The software created is easily customizable and can be used in the future to investigate classification methods on other datasets.
A Rare Case of Late Onset-Pompe’s Disease: Presented as Heart Failure
Authors: null Rizwanullah , Mulakalapalli Srichand , Bassi Radhika , Patel Henna , Khan Waqar
Published: August 2024

Pompe disease is a hereditary lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) enzyme, leading to glycogen accumulation in muscle and neurons. Clinical manifestations vary from severe infantile-onset with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and early mortality due to respiratory insufficiency to late-onset with proximal muscle weakness, gross motor delay, and progressive respiratory insufficiency. A case of an 11-year-old boy who reported to the pediatric emergency department with a nine-year history of progressive muscle weakness and a one-month history of anemia symptoms (easy fatigue, shortness of breath, pale appearance) and heart failure (orthopnea, dyspnea). His family history included consanguineous marriages and similar conditions in his brother and maternal uncle. On examination, he appeared pale, malnourished, and exhibited signs of respiratory distress and tachypnea. His cardiovascular examination revealed apex beat displacement, elevated JVP, bilateral pedal edema, mild ascites, positive hepatojugular reflux, and systolic murmurs. Respiratory examination indicated bilateral crepitation and wheezes. Musculoskeletal examination showed decreased muscle mass and power, especially in proximal muscles. Abdominal examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly and mild ascites. Radiological findings included an enlarged cardiac shadow with pleural effusion and bilateral radio-opaque shadows on chest x-ray, while echocardiography showed impaired left ventricular systolic function with mild to moderate mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. Laboratory tests indicated elevated aspartate aminotransferase, LDH, and creatine kinase levels, along with normocytic, normochromic anemia. Muscle biopsy from the hamstring revealed PAS stain positive granules. These clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings strongly suggest late-onset Pompe disease, marking this as potentially the second reported case in Pakistan.