bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diurnal Cycles of Cloud Properties and Precipitation Patterns over the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau During Summer
Authors: Cao Bangjun , Yang Xianyu , Lu Yaqiong , Wen Jun , Wang Shixin
Published: October 2024

In the context of rising temperatures and increasing humidity in Northwest China, substantial gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms of land–atmosphere cloud–precipitation coupling across the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP), Loess Plateau (LP), and Huangshui Valley (HV). This study addresses these gaps by investigating cloud properties and precipitation patterns utilizing the Fengyun-4 Satellite Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Product (FY4A-QPE) and ERA5 datasets. We specifically focus on Lanzhou, a pivotal city within the LP, and Xining, which epitomizes the HV. Our findings reveal that diurnal variations in precipitation are significantly less pronounced in the eastern regions compared to northeastern TP. This discrepancy is attributed to marked diurnal fluctuations in convective available potential energy (CAPE) and wind shear between 200 and 500 hPa. While both cities share similar wind shear patterns and moisture transport directions, Xining benefits from enhanced snowmelt and effective water retention in surrounding mountains, resulting in higher precipitation levels. Conversely, Lanzhou suffers from moisture deficits, with dry, hot winds exacerbating the situation. Notably, precipitation in Xining is strongly correlated with CAPE, influenced by diurnal variability, and intensified by valley and lake–land breezes, which drive afternoon convection. In contrast, Lanzhou’s precipitation exhibits a weak relationship with CAPE, as even elevated values fail to generate significant cloud formation due to insufficient moisture. The ongoing trends of warming and humidification may lead to improved precipitation patterns, especially in the HV, with potential ecological benefits. However, concentrated rainfall during summer afternoons and midnights raises concerns regarding extreme weather events, highlighting the susceptibility of the HV to geological hazards. This research underscores the need to further explore the uncertainties inherent in precipitation dynamics in these regions.
An Empirical Algorithm for Estimating the Absorption of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter from Sentinel-2 (MSI) and Landsat-8 (OLI) Observations of Coastal Waters
Authors: Nguyen Vu Son , Loisel Hubert , Vantrepotte Vincent , Mériaux Xavier , Tran Dinh Lan
Published: October 2024

Sentinel-2/MSI and Landsat-8/OLI sensors enable the mapping of ocean color-related bio-optical parameters of surface coastal and inland waters. While many algorithms have been developed to estimate the Chlorophyll-a concentration, Chl-a, and the suspended particulate matter, SPM, from OLI and MSI data, the absorption by colored dissolved organic matter, acdom, a key parameter to monitor the concentration of dissolved organic matter, has received less attention. Herein we present an inverse model (hereafter referred to as AquaCDOM) for estimating acdom at the wavelength 412 nm (acdom (412)), within the surface layer of coastal waters, from measurements of ocean remote sensing reflectance, Rrs (λ), for these two high spatial resolution (around 20 m) sensors. Combined with a water class-based approach, several empirical algorithms were tested on a mixed dataset of synthetic and in situ data collected from global coastal waters. The selection of the final algorithms was performed with an independent validation dataset, using in situ, synthetic, and satellite Rrs (λ) measurements, but also by testing their respective sensitivity to typical noise introduced by atmospheric correction algorithms. It was found that the proposed algorithms could estimate acdom (412) with a median absolute percentage difference of ~30% and a median bias of 0.002 m−1 from the in situ and synthetic datasets. While similar performances have been shown with two other algorithms based on different methodological developments, we have shown that AquaCDOM is much less sensitive to atmospheric correction uncertainties, mainly due to the use of band ratios in its formulation. After the application of the top-of-atmosphere gains and of the same atmospheric correction algorithm, excellent agreement has been found between the OLI- and MSI-derived acdom (412) values for various coastal areas, enabling the application of these algorithms for time series analysis. An example application of our algorithms for the time series analysis of acdom (412) is provided for a coastal transect in the south of Vietnam.
Statistical and Independent Component Analysis of Sentinel-1 InSAR Time Series to Assess Land Subsidence Trends
Authors: Farías Celina , Lenardón Sánchez Michelle , Bonì Roberta , Cigna Francesca
Published: October 2024

Advanced statistics can enable the detailed characterization of ground deformation time series, which is a fundamental step for thoroughly understanding the phenomena of land subsidence and their main drivers. This study presents a novel methodological approach based on pre-existing open-access statistical tools to exploit satellite differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) data to investigate land subsidence processes, using European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) Sentinel-1 DInSAR 2018−2022 datasets. The workflow involves the implementation of Persistent Scatterers (PS) time series classification through the PS-Time tool, deformation signal decomposition via independent component analysis (ICA), and drivers’ investigation through spatio-temporal correlation with geospatial and monitoring data. Subsidence time series at the three demonstration sites of Bologna, Ravenna and Carpi (Po Plain, Italy) were classified into linear and nonlinear (quadratic, discontinuous, uncorrelated) categories, and the mixed deformation signal of each PS was decomposed into independent components, allowing the identification of new spatial clusters with linear, accelerating/decelerating, and seasonal trends. The relationship between the different independent components and DInSAR-derived displacement velocity, acceleration, and seasonality was also analyzed via regression analysis. Correlation with geological and groundwater monitoring data supported the investigation of the relationship between the observed deformation and subsidence drivers, such as aquifer resource exploitation, local geological setting, and gas extraction/reinjection.
Climatic Influence on the Carotenoids Concentration in a Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon Through Remote Sensing
Authors: Molner Juan Víctor , Pérez-González Rebeca , Sòria-Perpinyà Xavier , Soria Juan
Published: October 2024

The Albufera of Valencia, a Mediterranean coastal lagoon, has experienced a shift to hypertrophic conditions over the past 40 years due to agricultural and urban-industrial pollution. From August 2023 to early 2024, the water of the lagoon turned reddish-brown. This change has been observed in the past, but never with this intensity or duration, which typically occurs during periods of drought. In this study, carotenoid concentrations were analyzed in relation to precipitation and temperature using field and remote sensing data from February 2016 to December 2023. In November 2023, samples showed unusually high concentrations of carotenoids. The study confirmed the effectiveness of a new algorithm for estimating carotenoids using Sentinel-2 imagery to complement chlorophyll-a data. Results showed that temperature and precipitation significantly influenced carotenoid/chlorophyll-a ratio, highlighting a climatic control of phytoplankton community structure. These results highlight the importance of long-term monitoring and conservation efforts to address climate change and human impacts. This research is a first step in using optical properties of lakes as an indicator of phytoplankton dynamics under environmental stress and warns of the potential for increased occurrence or persistence of such phenomena with future climate trends.
Cross Attention-Based Multi-Scale Convolutional Fusion Network for Hyperspectral and LiDAR Joint Classification
Authors: Ge Haimiao , Wang Liguo , Pan Haizhu , Liu Yanzhong , Li Cheng , Lv Dan , Ma Huiyu
Published: October 2024

In recent years, deep learning-based multi-source data fusion, e.g., hyperspectral image (HSI) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data fusion, has gained significant attention in the field of remote sensing. However, the traditional convolutional neural network fusion techniques always provide poor extraction of discriminative spatial–spectral features from diversified land covers and overlook the correlation and complementarity between different data sources. Furthermore, the mere act of stacking multi-source feature embeddings fails to represent the deep semantic relationships among them. In this paper, we propose a cross attention-based multi-scale convolutional fusion network for HSI-LiDAR joint classification. It contains three major modules: spatial–elevation–spectral convolutional feature extraction module (SESM), cross attention fusion module (CAFM), and classification module. In the SESM, improved multi-scale convolutional blocks are utilized to extract features from HSI and LiDAR to ensure discriminability and comprehensiveness in diversified land cover conditions. Spatial and spectral pseudo-3D convolutions, pointwise convolutions, residual aggregation, one-shot aggregation, and parameter-sharing techniques are implemented in the module. In the CAFM, a self-designed local-global cross attention block is utilized to collect and integrate relationships of the feature embeddings and generate joint semantic representations. In the classification module, average polling, dropout, and linear layers are used to map the fused semantic representations to the final classification results. The experimental evaluations on three public HSI-LiDAR datasets demonstrate the competitiveness of the proposed network in comparison with state-of-the-art methods.
Remote Sensing Identification and Information Extraction Method of Glacial Debris Flow Based on Texture Variation Characteristics
Authors: Fang Jun , Han Yongshun , Li Tongsheng , Yang Zhiquan , Luo Luguang , Cui Dongge , Chen Liangjing , Qiu Zhuoting
Published: October 2024

The formation mechanism of glacial debris flows in alpine gorge mountain areas is complex, with varying characteristics across different regions. Due to the influence of mountain shadows and the accumulation and ablation of ice and snow, accurately identifying and rapidly extracting glacial debris flows using optical images remains challenging. This study utilizes the Random Forest method to develop a multi-feature spatiotemporal information extraction model based on Landsat-8 images and a glacial debris flow gully identification model. These models were applied to the Songzong–Tongmai section of the Sichuan–Tibet Highway to identify glacial debris flows. The results showed that (1) the multi-feature spatiotemporal extraction model effectively eliminated the interference of mountain shadows and ice–snow phase changes, resulting in a higher accuracy for identifying and extracting glacial debris flows in areas with significant information loss due to deep shadows. The total accuracy was 93.6%, which was 8.9% and 4.2% higher than that of the Neural Network and Support Vector Machine methods, respectively. (2) The accuracy of the glacial debris flow gully identification model achieved 92.6%. The proposed method can accurately and rapidly identify glacial debris flows in alpine gorge mountain areas, facilitating remote sensing dynamic monitoring. This approach reduces the damage caused by debris flows to both transportation and the environment, ensuring the safe passage of highways and promoting the sustainable development of the region.
Inverse Problem for the Moisture Transfer Equation: Development of a Method for Finding the Unknown Parameter and Proof of the Convergence of the Iterative Process
Authors: Rysbayeva Nazerke , Alpar Sultan , Rysbaiuly Bolatbek
Published: October 2024

This study develops a mathematical model for soil moisture diffusion, addressing the inverse problem of determining both the diffusion coefficient and the variation coefficient in a nonlinear moisture transfer equation. The model incorporates specific boundary and initial conditions and utilizes experimentally measured moisture values at a boundary point as input data. An iterative method, based on an explicit gradient scheme, is introduced to estimate the soil parameters. The initial boundary value problem is discretized, leading to a difference analog and the formulation of a conjugate difference problem. Iterative formulas for calculating the unknown parameters are derived, with a priori estimates ensuring the convergence of the iterative process. Additionally, the research establishes the convergence of the numerical model itself, providing a rigorous foundation for the proposed approach. The study also emphasizes symmetry in moisture calculations, ensuring consistency regardless of the calculation direction (from right to left or left to right) and confirming that moisture distribution remains symmetric within specified intervals. This preservation of symmetry enhances the model’s robustness and accuracy in parameter estimation. The numerical simulations were successfully conducted over a 7-day period, demonstrating the model’s reliability. The discrepancy between the numerical predictions and experimental observations remained within the margin of measurement error, confirming the model’s accuracy.
A Symmetric View of Fixed-Point Results in Non-Archimedean Generalized Neutrosophic Metric Spaces
Authors: Johnsy Joseph Amalraj , Jeyaraman Mathuraiveeran , Shukla Rahul
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we extend prominent fixed-point theorems within the framework of symmetry, a structure increasingly relevant in decision-making, optimization, and uncertainty modeling. While previous studies have explored fixed-point theorems in non-Archimedean spaces, the influence of symmetry on the properties of mappings remains underexamined. To address this gap, we introduce and analyze the concepts of χ-contractions and χ-weak contractions, demonstrating how symmetry impacts the conditions for the existence of fixed points. Our methodology integrates these concepts in generalized neutrosophic metric spaces, providing a novel perspective on fixed-point theory. We perform a rigorous analysis, revealing new insights into their practical applications. However, our proposed system may face limitations in complex or dynamic environments, where additional conditions may be necessary to ensure the existence or uniqueness of fixed points.
Coopetition Networks for Small and Medium Enterprises: A Lifecycle Model Grounded in Service-Dominant Logic
Authors: Da Silva Agostinho , Cardoso Antonio J. Marques
Published: October 2024

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are vital to the European economy, but sustaining coopetition networks—collaborative arrangements between competitors—remains challenging. In this study, this gap is addressed by developing a reference model and methodology for coopetition networks explicitly designed for SMEs and grounded in the service-dominant (S-D) logic framework. The model provides a structured approach for managing coopetition across the entire network lifecycle, from initiation to dissolution, emphasizing value co-creation and resource integration. A proof of concept (PoC) was implemented in the Portuguese ornamental stone sector to validate the model, revealing significant improvements in manufacturing effectiveness and demonstrating the model’s practical applicability. The results underscore the potential of coopetition networks to boost SMEs’ competitiveness and performance while identifying key trade-offs and risks, such as knowledge sharing and market cannibalization. Although the model addresses critical challenges, in this study, limitations are acknowledged and areas for future research are suggested, particularly in relation to the long-term sustainability of coopetition and the influence of interpersonal dynamics.
Exploring the Digital Transformation of Generative AI-Assisted Foreign Language Education: A Socio-Technical Systems Perspective Based on Mixed-Methods
Authors: Zhang Yang , Dong Changqi
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the complex dynamics and impacts of generative AI integration in foreign language education through the lens of the Generative AI-assisted Foreign Language Education Socio-Technical System (GAIFL-STS) model. Employing an integrated mixed-methods design, the study combines qualitative case studies and hybrid simulation modeling to examine the affordances, challenges, and implications of AI adoption from a multi-level, multi-dimensional, and multi-stakeholder perspective. The qualitative findings, based on interviews, observations, and document analyses, reveal the transformative potential of generative AI in enhancing language learning experiences, as well as the social, cultural, and ethical tensions that arise in the process. The quantitative results, derived from system dynamics and agent-based modeling, provide a systemic and dynamic understanding of the key variables, feedback loops, and emergent properties that shape the trajectories and outcomes of AI integration. The integrated findings offer valuable insights into the strategies, practices, and policies that can support the effective, equitable, and responsible implementation of AI in language education.
Fouling-Resistant Voltammetric Xylazine Sensors for Detection of the Street Drug “Tranq”
Authors: Stern Joyce E. , Wemple Ann H. , Sheppard Charles W. , Vinnikov Arielle , Leopold Michael C.
Published: October 2024

As the opioid crisis continues to wreak havoc on a global scale, it is increasingly critical to develop methodologies to detect the most dangerous drugs such as fentanyl and its derivatives, which have orders of magnitude higher potency than morphine. The scientific challenge for chemical detection of fentanyl and its derivatives is complicated by both the constantly increasing synthetic variations of the drug as well as the expanded use of adulterants. One tragically consequential example is the nocuous street drug known as “Tranq”, which combines fentanyl or a fentanyl derivative with the veterinary sedative Rompun®, chemically identified as xylazine (XYL). This pervasive street cocktail is exacerbating the already staggering number of fentanyl-related deaths as its acute toxicity poses a danger to medical first-responders and complicates their initial assessment and treatment options for overdose victims. Given the widespread use of XYL as an adulterant, an electrochemical XYL sensor capable of on-site operation by non-experts as a fast-screening tool is a notable goal. This work presents a voltammetry-based sensor featuring carbon electrodes modified with carboxylic-acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes layered with cyclodextrin and polyurethane membranes for sensitivity and selectivity enhancements. The sensor has critical and robust fouling resistance while providing sensitivity at 950 μA/mM∙cm2, a low limit of detection (~5 ppm), and the ability to detect XYL in the presence of fentanyl and/or other non-fentanyl stimulants like cocaine. The demonstrated sensor can be applied to promote public health with its ability to detect and indicate XYL in the presence of opioids, serving to protect drug-users, first responders, medical examiners, and on-site forensic investigators from exposure to these dangerous mixtures.
Susceptibility of Leishmania amazonensis Axenic Amastigotes to the Calpain Inhibitor MDL28170
Authors: Oliveira Simone S. C. , Marinho Fernanda A. , Sangenito Leandro S. , Seabra Sergio H. , Menna-Barreto Rubem F. , d’Avila Claudia M. , Santos André L. S. , Branquinha Marta H.
Published: October 2024

Leishmaniasis encompasses a group of neglected diseases caused by flagellated protozoa belonging to the Leishmania genus, associated with high morbidity and mortality. The search for compounds with anti-Leishmania activity that exhibit lower toxicity and can overcome the emergence of resistant strains remains a significant goal. In this context, the calpain inhibitor MDL28170 has previously demonstrated deleterious effects against promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis, which led us to investigate its role on axenic amastigote forms. The calpain inhibitor MDL28170 was able to decrease the viability of amastigotes in a typically dose-dependent manner. The treatment with the IC50 dose (13.5 μM) for 72 h led to significant amastigote lysis and increased cell-to-cell aggregation. Ultrastructural analysis revealed several cellular alterations, including disruption of the trans-Golgi network and the formation of autophagosomes when treated with MDL28170 at ½ × IC50 dose. Additionally, mitochondrial swelling and the formation of concentric membranous structures inside the mitochondrion were observed after incubation with the IC50 dose. These results reinforce the potential application of the calpain inhibitor MDL28170 against L. amazonensis, highlighting its effectiveness and possible mechanism of action against the parasite.
Thermal Stress in Outdoor Spaces During Mediterranean Heatwaves: A PET and UTCI Analysis of Different Demographics
Authors: Evgenia Tousi , Mela Athina , Tseliou Areti
Published: October 2024

Urban public space comfort is essential for improving quality of life, particularly as climate change affects outdoor thermal environments. This study utilizes ENVI-met, a 3D microclimate simulation tool, to assess thermal comfort concerning demographic factors such as age and gender. The findings indicate significant disparities in thermal stress vulnerability among demographic groups. On the hottest day of July 2023, at 10 a.m., children’s PET values were approximately 2 °C higher than those of other groups. By 3 p.m., females experienced slightly higher upper-range thermal stress than males. Elderly individuals aged 80 exhibited a broad range of PET values, from 38.14 °C to 62.39 °C, with prevailing values above 56.9 °C, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme heat. Children aged 8 showed PET values ranging from 40.20 °C to 59.34 °C, with prevailing estimates between 54.2 °C and 55.7 °C. Minimum PET values for children were significantly higher than those for adults, suggesting a greater baseline level of thermal stress. Despite cooling effects in the evening, children remained exposed to more pronounced stress than elderly individuals, males, and females. The UTCI values recorded indicate a period of extreme heat stress for all demographic groups assessed. While individuals aged 35 may encounter considerable discomfort, the severity of the impact is notably more pronounced for both older adults and children. This study underscores the need for tailored management strategies and advocates for expanding ENVI-met’s capabilities to enhance urban resilience and well-being amid rising temperatures.
Severity Patterns in COVID-19 Hospitalised Patients in Spain: I-MOVE-COVID-19 Study
Authors: Latorre-Millán Miriam , Rodríguez del Águila María Mar , Clusa Laura , Mazagatos Clara , Larrauri Amparo , Fernández María Amelia , Rezusta Antonio , Milagro Ana María
Published: October 2024

In the frame of the I-MOVE-COVID-19 project, a cohort of 2050 patients admitted in two Spanish reference hospitals between March 2020 and December 2021 was selected and a range of clinical factor data were collected at admission to assess their impact on the risk COVID-19 severity outcomes through a multivariate adjusted analysis and nomograms. The need for ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were found to be directly associated with a higher death risk (OR 6.9 and 3.2, respectively). The clinical predictors of death were the need for ventilation and ICU, advanced age, neuromuscular disorders, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, dementia, cancer, elevated creatin phosphokinase (CPK), and neutrophilia (OR between 1.8 and 3.5), whilst the presence of vomiting, sore throat, and cough diminished the risk of death (OR 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1, respectively). Admission to ICU was predicted by the need for ventilation, abdominal pain, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (OR 371.0, 3.6, and 2.2, respectively) as risk factors; otherwise, it was prevented by advanced age (OR 0.5). In turn, the need for ventilation was predicted by low oxygen saturation, elevated LDH and CPK, diabetes, neutrophilia, obesity, and elevated GGT (OR between 1.7 and 5.2), whilst it was prevented by hypertension (OR 0.5). These findings could enhance patient management and strategic interventions to combat COVID-19.
Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV): A Review
Authors: Abrokwah Linda Appianimaa , Torkpo Stephen Kwame , Pereira Guilherme da Silva , Oppong Allen , Eleblu John , Pita Justin , Offei Samuel Kwame
Published: October 2024

Rice (Oryza spp.) is mostly grown directly from seed and sown on wet or dry seed beds or usually used as transplants on nursery beds. Among all the economically important viral diseases in the world, rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is only prevalent in rice-growing countries in Africa. RYMV has become the main rice production constraint in Africa over the last 20–25 years, causing yield losses of 10 to 100% depending on the age of the plant at the time of infection, degree of varietal susceptibility and the existing climatic conditions. Good agricultural practices and biotechnological tools in the development of improved resistant cultivars have been extensively utilized in controlling the disease. This review focuses on RYMV, its epidemiology, serological and molecular typing, disease management and the way forward for sustainable rice production.
Evaluation of Interfering RNA Efficacy in Treating Hepatitis B: Is It Promising?
Authors: Angelice Giovana Paula , Roque Pedro Henrique , Valente Gabriel , Galvão Krishna , Villar Livia Melo , Mello Vinicius Motta , Mello Francisco C. A. , Lago Bárbara Vieira
Published: October 2024

Background: Despite an existing safe and effective vaccine for hepatitis B virus (HBV), it is still a major public health concern. Nowadays, several drugs are used to treat chronic hepatitis B; however, full healing remains controversial. The viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) formed by HBV forms a major challenge in its treatment, as does the ability of HBV to integrate itself into the host genome, which enables infection reactivation. Interfering RNA (RNAi) is a gene-silencing post-transcriptional mechanism which forms as a promising alternative to treat chronic hepatitis B. The aim of the present review is to assess the evolution of hepatitis B treatment approaches based on using RNA interference. Methods: Data published between 2016 and 2023 in scientific databases (PubMed, PMC, LILACS, and Bireme) were assessed. Results: In total, 76,949 articles were initially identified and quality-checked, and 226 eligible reports were analyzed in depth. The main genomic targets, delivery systems, and major HBV therapy innovations are discussed in this review. This review reinforces the therapeutic potential of RNAi and identifies the need for conducting further studies to fill the remaining gaps between bench and clinical practice.
A Sensitivity and Consistency Comparison Between Next-Generation Sequencing and Sanger Sequencing in HIV-1 Pretreatment Drug Resistance Testing
Authors: Zhou Ying , Ouyang Fei , Liu Xiaoyan , Lu Jing , Hu Haiyang , Sun Qi , Yang Haitao
Published: October 2024

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) for HIV drug resistance (DR) testing has an increasing number of applications for the detection of low-abundance drug-resistant variants (LA-DRVs) in regard to its features as a quasi-species. However, there is less information on its detection performance in DR detection with NGS. To determine the feasibility of using NGS technology in LA-DRV detection for HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance, 80 HIV-infected individuals who had never undergone antiretroviral therapy were subjected to both NGS and Sanger sequencing (SS) in HIV-1 drug resistance testing. The results reported in this study show that NGS exhibits higher sensitivity for drug resistance identification than SS at a 5% detection threshold. NGS showed a better consistency compared with that of SS for both protease inhibitors (PIs) and integrase inhibitors (INSTIs), with a figure amounting to more than 90%, but worse consistency in nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), with a consistency ranging from only 61.25% to 87.50%. The consistency of non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) between NGS and SS was around 85%. NGS showed the highest sensitivity of 87.0% at a 5% threshold. The application of NGS technology in HIV-1 genotype resistance detection in different populations infected with HIV requires further documentation and validation.
Spectrum of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Associated Drug Resistance Mutations in Persons Living with HIV-1 Receiving Rilpivirine
Authors: Nagarajan Pavithra , Zhou Jinru , Di Teodoro Giulia , Incardona Francesca , Seguin-Devaux Carole , Kaiser Rolf , Abecasis Ana B. , Gomes Perpetua , Tao Kaiming , Zazzi Maurizio , Shafer Robert W.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Few data are currently available on the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NNRTI) resistance mutations selected in persons living with HIV-1 (PLWH) who develop virological failure while receiving rilpivirine (RPV). Methods: We analyzed pooled HIV-1 RT genotypic data from 280 PLWH in the multicenter EuResist database and 115 PLWH in the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database (HIVDB) who received RPV as their only NNRTI. Results: Among the 395 PLWH receiving RPV, 180 (45.6%) had one or more NNRTI-associated DRMs. Overall, 44 NNRTI-associated DRMs were identified, including 26 that occurred in two or more PLWHs. Seven mutations had a prevalence ≥10% among the 180 PLWH with one or more NNRTI-associated DRM: E138K (32.2%), V90I (25.0%), K101E (17.8%), Y181C (17.2%), E138A (13.9%), H221Y (12.2%), and K103N (10.6%). Y181C was significantly more likely to co-occur with K101E, V179F, H221Y, and M230L. Ten novel non-polymorphic mutations at known NNRTI-associated mutation positions were also identified, usually in just one PLWH: L100F, V108A, T139I, P225S, M230V, Y232C, and T240A/I/M/S. Conclusions: Our analysis extends the spectrum of mutations emerging in PLWH receiving RPV. Additional phenotypic characterization of RPV-selected mutations is necessary to better understand their biological and possible clinical significance.
Cottontail Rabbit Papillomavirus (CRPV) Related Animal Models for Head and Neck Cancer Research: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Bette Michael , Mandic Robert
Published: October 2024

Having suitable animal models is crucial to mimic human disease states and for the successful transfer of experimental data into clinical practice. In the field of papillomavirus research, the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has served as an indispensable model organism for almost 100 years. The identification and characterization of the first papillomaviruses in rabbits, their carcinogenic potential and their immunogenicity have contributed significantly to the state of knowledge on the genetics and life cycle of papillomaviruses in general, as well as the development of antiviral strategies such as vaccination procedures. Due to the high species specificity of papillomaviruses, only rabbit papillomaviruses (RPVs) can be used for animal studies on papilloma-based tumor diseases in the rabbit. The major focus of this article is on cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV)-related rabbit squamous cell carcinoma (RSCC). A brief history outlines the discovery and generation of experimentally used RSCC tumors. A comprehensive overview of the current CRPV-associated VX2 carcinoma-based tumor models with a major focus on human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumor models is provided, and their strengths in terms of transferability to human HNSCC are discussed.
Effectiveness of Direct Antiviral Agents in People with HCV-Monoinfection Compared to HCV/HIV Coinfection in a Real Life Setting
Authors: Román López Cristina Guadalupe , Triana González Salma , Cano Díaz Ana Luz , Lopez Dulce Daniela Flores , Mata Marín José Antonio , Gaytán Martínez Jesús Enrique
Published: October 2024

Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) are effective in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but there is little information about real-world effectiveness in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLH). The aim of this study was to determinate the effectiveness of DAA to achieve sustained virologic response at week 12 post-treatment (SVR12) in PLH with HCV coinfection and in people with HCV-monoinfection. We conducted a prospective cohort. The full analysis set (FAS) included all subjects enrolled in the study; the modified analysis set (MAS) excluded cases with missing data to evaluate SVR12. A total of 278 people were included, 130 (46.7%) with HCV/HIV-coinfection and 148 (53.2%) with HCV-monoinfection. In the HCV/HIV-coinfection group, 82 (63%) received GLE/PIB for 8 weeks, 45 (34.6%) received SOF/VEL for 12 weeks, and 3 (2.3%) were treated with SOF/VEL + RBV for 12 weeks. In the HCV-monoinfection group, 62 (41.8%) received GLE/PIB for 8 weeks, 28 (18.9%) received SOF/VEL for 12 weeks, and 58 (39.1%) participants were treated with SOF/VEL + RBV for 12 weeks. In the FAS analysis, SVR12 was 81.6% in the HCV/HIV-coinfection group and 86.4% in the HCV-monoinfection group (p = 0.128). In the MAS analysis, both groups achieved 100% of SVR12. In this cohort, the effectiveness of DAA to achieve SVR12 was similar between HCV/HIV-coinfection and HCV-monoinfection cases, regardless of advanced liver disease with no differences between treatment regimens.
Sequential Vaccination Against Streptococcus pneumoniae Appears as Immunologically Safe in Clinically Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Lindemann Monika , van de Sand Lukas , Mülling Nils , Völk Kim L. , Aufderhorst Ulrich W. , Wilde Benjamin , Horn Peter A. , Kribben Andreas , Krawczyk Adalbert , Witzke Oliver , Heinemann Falko M.
Published: October 2024

Background: Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae is advised for transplant recipients to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with invasive pneumococcal disease. However, data on alloantibodies after sequential vaccination (with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine followed by a polysaccharide vaccine) are still lacking. Methods: In the current study, we determined HLA class I and II and major histocompatibility class I-related chain A (MICA) antibodies in 41 clinically stable kidney transplant recipients. These antibodies were measured prior to and post sequential pneumococcal vaccination over a period of 12 months. Alloantibodies were measured by Luminex bead-based assays, and pneumococcal IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA. Results: Over a 12-month period, the sequential analysis revealed no significant change in alloantibodies. One patient developed de novo donor-specific antibodies (DSA) 1.5 months after the first vaccination, with mean fluorescence intensities of up to 2300. These DSA became undetectable in the follow-up, and the patient showed no signs of allograft rejection. Another patient experienced a biopsy-proven borderline rejection 7 months after the first vaccination but did not develop de novo DSA. Both maintained stable kidney function. As expected, the pneumococcal antibodies increased significantly after vaccination (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Given the overall risk of alloimmune responses in transplant recipients, we would not attribute the two noticeable patient courses to vaccination. Thus, we consider sequential vaccination immunologically safe.
Comprehensive Overview of Methods of Pregnancy Termination in Macaques and Marmosets
Authors: Virgilio Tommaso , Nederlof Remco A. , Brown Mallory G. , Bakker Jaco
Published: October 2024

Limited information is available concerning the termination of pregnancy in non-human primates. Thus, a comprehensive review of this topic will be beneficial for veterinary staff in laboratories, zoos, and wildlife rehabilitation centers. The most relevant studies concerning the termination of viable and non-viable pregnancy in non-human primates were analyzed, and dosages, administration routes, adverse effects, and the efficacy of the drugs used are reported. The literature revealed that termination of pregnancy is most commonly performed in marmosets and macaques. The combination of mifepristone and misoprostol was reported to be effective and fast-acting in terminating first-trimester pregnancy in macaques, while cloprostenol was identified as the best agent for use in marmosets. This review also provides insights about the limitations of previously described methods of pregnancy termination and discusses potential alternatives and areas for future investigation.
Depression and Parkinson’s disease
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Bukhurova E. R. , Alipkhanova B. A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Shanibova D. Z. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Sherieva A. Ch. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Gitinavasova S. M. ,   I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Temirov A. T. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Dagestan State Technical University”, Makhachkala
Published: October 2024

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with motor symptoms and non-motor impairments, including depression, observed in 2.7-90% of cases. Depression is frequently underestimated and diagnosed late due to its similarity with symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as fatigue, sleep disturbances, hypomimia, etc. In approximately 25% of patients, depression precedes motor symptoms, which may indicate its connection with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The purpose of the study was to analyze current data on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of depression in patients with Parkinson's disease. The study results have demonstrated that the pathophysiological mechanisms of depression in Parkinson's disease include neurodegeneration of dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurons, neuroinflammation, and impaired neuroplasticity. For timely treatment, patients, especially those with changes in motor or non-motor symptoms, should be regularly examined. Treatment is based on a multimodal approach and includes the use of supportive psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Alternative methods such as exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and electroconvulsive therapy are also being explored. Thus, treatment of patients with depression and Parkinson's disease requires an individualized approach. Further research into this problem is crucial to develop and improve patient management algorithms.
Post-COVID cognitive impairment, level of depression and anxiety in university students
Authors:   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Kinkulkina M.A. , Vasyuta A.K. ,   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Golovkina D.A. ,   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Repin S.A. ,   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Bogatov T.F. ,   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Tikhonova Yu.G. ,   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Zilov V.G. ,   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
Published: October 2024

Recently, a significant amount of research has focused on the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. One of the increasingly common long-term consequences of COVID-19 is its effect on cognitive function, even in patients with an initially mild course of the acute illness. The article presents the results of a study of cognitive impairment and anxiety and depression levels among students of a higher medical educational institution. The study consisted of a continuous screening survey of students who had and had not experienced COVID-19 using an original questionnaire, as well as psychometric scales: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Based on the screening results, two groups were formed (those who had COVID-19 and those who did not), and a comparative analysis was carried out. It was found that a third (32.4%) of young people who had COVID-19 developed cognitive impairment. In students who were not ill, cognitive impairment was detected half as often – 16.8%. It was revealed that regardless of the fact of having suffered an infectious disease, a quarter of students experienced increased anxiety and decreased mood. Affective experiences, in turn, negatively affected cognitive functioning and caused young people to be more attentive to their health, including mental health, which was accompanied by a large number of positive responses when using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 screening questionnaires.
Soil reclamation of cranberry plantations on reclaimed lands in Arkhangelsk region
Authors:   Land Management and Forestry Department The Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Bezborodov Y. G. , Kalinichenko R. V. ,   Land Management and Forestry Department The Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Mamonova E. A. ,   Department of Physics, Hydrology and Soil Erosion of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Research Center "V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Institute"
Published: October 2024

In the production conditions of the "Arkhangelsk cranberry" in the Arkhangelsk region, the land use analysis was carried out as a part of land use monitoring in this agricultural production. In 2015, the first cranberry plantations were planted, and in April 2023 about 40 hectares of peatlands were already in land use of the factory including 8 fields (checks) with an average area of 1 hectare. An assessment of the dynamics of change on the area of the created plantation was carried out for all indicators such as the length of roads, developed area and some separately designed structures (except of drained bogs). It was found that the soil indicators of peatlands are normal for this type of lands, and provide favorable conditions for growing cranberries. The analysis of the dynamics of land use in the period from 2015 to 2023 revealed the following dynamic indicators: an increase in the area of active land use by 418.97%, an increase in the area of drained swamps by 310.68%, 5.5 hectares were withdrawn from the forest fund, 42.31 hectares are under development (complex works), the total number of checks for planting increased by 23 parcels, an increase in the length of roads, including dirt roads, by 8.6 km, an increase in the number of fire ponds by 3 pieces, an increase in the number of sludge ponds by 3 pieces, and, finally, 1 recreational site was commissioned. The research has also shown that drainage does not lead to a significant change in the chemical composition of the organic part of peat and its agrochemical properties, so using drainage is not rational. In this case, a slight change in the water-air regime was observed together with the changes in the soil-forming process, and some activities of microorganisms, which was a prerequisite for an increase in the level of mineralization of the organic part of peat. Despite the gradual commissioning of peatlands, environmental sustainability has a trend towards an increase, which should be taken into account in the further development of the enterprise.
The Art of Diplomacy in Modern Military Conflicts
Authors:   Corresponding member of the Academy of Military Sciences, expert of the League of Military Diplomats, Bartosh A. А.
Published: October 2024

The article reflects the process of forming a new world order in the context of the Global Hybrid War unleashed by the United States and NATO and the active use of its tools against the victims of aggression. The role of diplomacy in managing the processes of escalation and containment of modern military confl icts is shown. The author draws attention to the increasing threat of a global thermonuclear confl ict, the probability of which increases in the context of the use by Western countries of a proxy war strategy, which opens the way to large-scale aggression, including against nuclear states. The article highlights the urgent need to review the Russian strategy of nuclear deterrence in order to adapt it to the realities of our time.
Evolution of the Arctic Strategy of the USA and its Influence on the Foreign Policy Strategy of Russia in the Arctic
Authors:   FSBEI HE “Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs of the Russian Federation”, Moscow, Vinokurov V. I.
Published: October 2024

"Arctic" is translated from Greek as "northern" or as "bear", which is often associated with Russia and its efforts to develop this region. This is a single physical and geographical region of the Earth adjacent to the North Pole and including the margins of the continents of Eurasia and North America, almost the entire Arctic Ocean with islands (except for the coastal islands of Norway), as well as adjacent parts of the Atlantic and Pacifi c Oceans. The southern border of the Arctic coincides with the northern border of the tundra zone. Now the actions of the United States and NATO in the Arctic region have acquired a clearly anti- Russian character, which was especially manifested in the latest edition of the Arctic Doctrine of the United States. NATO's expansion into the region continues, the scale of the alliance's military exercises conducted there is increasing, which actively involve non-Arctic member countries of the bloc, which does not exclude the emergence of an armed conflict with Russia in the Far North.
Tasks of Preventive Diplomacy to Prevent the Unleashing of a New World Conflict
Authors:   Permanent Representative of the Republic of Crimea to the President of the Russian Federation, Council of Ministers of the Republic of Crimea, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Muradov G. L.
Published: October 2024

The topic of preventive diplomacy and its tasks to prevent the outbreak of new world conflicts is very important and relevant. This is stated by the author of the article, the famous Russian (Soviet) diplomat and statesman G. L. Muradov, as Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Crimea and a member of the Government Commission of the Russian Federation on the Aff airs of Compatriots. He emphasizes that the growth of aggressive sentiments in the countries of the collective West, acting as a united front against Russia, accusing our country of all "mortal sins" for and without reason, has reached frightening proportions.
Offensives of the Russian Army in Southern Kurdistan in 1916–1917. — Caucasian “Brusilov's” breakthrough?
Authors:   Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Titorenko V. E.
Published: October 2024

The article describes the military operations of the Russian army against the Ottoman Empire during the First World War from the Caucasian direction. The analysis of the motives of the Russian Empire's actions in the southern direction is given. The successes and causes of failures of the main battles in Southern Kurdistan are considered. The results of the off ensives of the Russian army in 1914–1917 are summarized.