bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poststroke Cognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Follow-Up and
Pre/Poststroke Mini-Mental State Examination Comparison
Authors: Hong Chien-Tai , Lee Hsun-Hua , Chung Chen-Chih , Chiu Wei-Ting , Lee Ting-Yi , Chen David Yen-Ting , Huang Li-Kai , Hu Chaur-Jong , Chan Lung
Published: August 2022

Background:

Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a prevalent cause of disability in people with stroke. PSCI results from either lesion-dependent loss of cognitive function or augmentation of Alzheimer's pathology due to vascular insufficiency. The lack of prestroke cognitive assessments limits the clear understanding of the impact of PSCI on cognition.

Objective:

The present study aims to make a direct comparison of longitudinal cognitive assessment results to clarify the impact of ischemic stroke on PSCI and assess the cognitive decline in PSCI compared to people with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods:

All study participants had their Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at the chronic poststroke stage (≥6 months after stroke), which was compared with prestroke or acute poststroke (<6 months after stroke) MMSE to investigate the two aspects of PSCI. A group of patients with AD was used to reference the speed of neurodegenerative cognitive deterioration. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the longitudinal change of MMSE.

Results:

MMSE score between acute and chronic poststroke revealed a 1.8 ± 6.49 decline per year (n=76), which was not significantly different from the AD patients who underwent cholinesterase inhibitors treatment (-1.11 ± 2.61, p=0.35, n=232). MMSE score between prestroke and chronic poststroke (n=33) revealed a significant decline (−6.52 ± 6.86, p < 0.001). In addition, their cognitive deterioration was significantly associated with sex, age, and stroke over the white matter or basal ganglia.

Conclusion:

Ischemic stroke substantially affects cognition with an average six-point drop in MMSE. The rate of cognitive decline in PSCI was similar to AD, and those with white matter or basal ganglia infarct were at greater risk of PSCI.
Next-generation Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitors Potentially
Targeting BTK C481S Mutation- Recent Developments and Perspectives
Authors: Das Debasis , Wang Jingbing , Hong Jian
Published: August 2022

Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a vital role in B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) sig-nalling transduction pathway. Controlling BCR signalling by BTK inhibitors is a promising thera-peutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Since the approval of ibrutinib for the treatment of different haematological cancers in 2013, great efforts have been made to explore new BTK inhibitors. Despite the remarkable potency and efficacy of first and second generation irreversible BTK inhibitors against various lymphomas and leukaemia, there are also some clinical limitations, such as off-target toxicity and primary/acquired drug resistance. Acquired drug resistance due to the C481S mutation in BTK is the major challenging problem of irreversible inhibitors. After, the BTK C481S mutation, the irreversible covalent inhibitors cannot form covalent bond with BTK and drop activities. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel BTK inhibitors to overcome the mutation problem. In recent years, a few reversible BTK inhibitors have been de-veloped and are under clinical evaluation stages. In addition, a few reversible BTK-PROTACs have been explored and under developments. A number of reversible non-covalent BTK inhibitors, in-cluding MK1026/ ARQ531, LOXO305, fenebrutinib are at different stages of clinical trials for au-toimmune diseases. In this review, we summarized the discovery and development of next-generation BTK inhibitors, especially targeting BTK C481S mutation and their applications for the treatment of lymphomas and autoimmune diseases.
Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Pathology in Patients with Gout
Authors: Musayev Abdugani , Khituova Lidiya , Khabizhanova Venera , Akhmetova Gulsim , Almukhambetova Elmira , Indershiyev Vildan
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To determine the frequency and assess the risk of cardiovascular disease in
patients suffering from gout.

Background:

Gout is a sign of disturbed metabolism, which is associated with cardiovascular diseases
(CVD). Soaring mortality is associated with a lot of risk factors and comorbid conditions,
which have to be dealt with the help of scientists and practitioners.

Methods:

The following retrospective study included 218 patients suffering from gout according to
the criteria of S.L. Wallace. The risk of major coronary events was calculated via the SCORE scale.

Results:

Arterial hypertension and BMI > 25 kg / m2 (90.8%) have prevailed among the respondents.
Increased level of total cholesterol (TC) was detected in 63.8% cases, decreased level of highdensity
lipoproteins - in 71.6%, and hypertriglyceridemia - in 60.5% relevantly. 175 patients
(80.3%) had high cardiovascular risk (estimated more than 5%). 43 (19.7%) of them had a low and
medium risk of developing fatal CVD (1-4%). The high share of patients suffering from gout was
endangered with cardiovascular pathology.

Conclusion:

The most frequently matched risk factors among patients suffering from gout are an
increase in BMI> 25 kg/m2 (90.8%) and dyslipidemia.
An Evidence-Based Review of Diabetes Care: History, Types, Relationship
to Cancer and Heart Disease, Co-Morbid Factors, and Preventive
Measures
Authors: Gupta Umesh Chandra , Gupta Subhas Chandra , Gupta Shayle Sugandh
Published: August 2022

Diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia due to the decreased and inadequate levels of insulin in the body, resistance to the effects of insulin, or a combination of both. There are three types of diabetes, however Type 2 disease is the most common followed by Type 1 and gestational diabetes. Most common factors responsible for diabetes are obesity or being overweight, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, ethnic background, sedentary lifestyle and family history. Because of the increased longevity, it is becoming a disease of the elderly thus contributing to the complexity of managing it in the ageing population. Diabetes also has implications to cancer and heart disease. Some studies have shown increased cancer risk in prediabetic and diabetic individuals. A recent major study draws firm conclusion that diabetes promotes a person’s risk of developing different types of cancer. The occurrence and mortality of cancer types, e.g., pancreas, liver, colorectal, breast, endometrial, and bladder cancers may produce a modest rise in diabetics. Women with diabetes are 27% likelier to develop cancer compared to healthy women. On the other hand only 19% more men with diabetes are likely to develop cancer when compared to healthy men. Preventive measures such as proper diet, physical activity, weight management, smoking cessation, and controlling obesity may improve outcomes of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and some forms of cancer. Developing awareness of the genetic association relationship between T2D and coronary heart disease has begun to provide the potential for better prevention and treatment of both disorders. Significant preventive measures for diabetes include – consumption of nutrients such as vitamin D, nuts, minerals chromium, and magnesium, controlling weight, hypertension, plant foods and a Mediterranean plant-based diet along with increased exercise.
Primary SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia Screening in Adults: Analysis of the
Correlation Between High-Resolution Computed Tomography Pulmonary
Patterns and Initial Oxygen Saturation Levels
Authors: Alonazi Batil , Mostafa Mohamed A. , Farghaly Ahmed M. , Zindani Salah A. , Al-Watban Jehad A. , Altaimi Feras , Almotairy Abdulrahim S. , Fagiry Moram A. , Mahmoud Mustafa Z.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Chest High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) is mandatory for
patients with confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection
and a high Respiratory Rate (RR) because sublobar consolidation is the likely pathological
pattern in addition to Ground Glass Opacities (GGOs).

Objective:

The present study determined the correlation between the percentage extent of typical
pulmonary lesions on HRCT, as a representation of severity, and the RR and peripheral oxygen saturation
level (SpO2), as measured through pulse oximetry, in patients with Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase
Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed primary (noncomplicated) SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

Methods:

The present retrospective study was conducted in 332 adult patients who presented with
dyspnea and hypoxemia and were admitted to Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia between May 15, 2020 and December 15, 2020. All the patients underwent chest
HRCT. Of the total, 198 patients with primary noncomplicated SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were
finally selected based on the typical chest HRCT patterns. The main CT patterns, GGO and sublobar
consolidation, were individually quantified as a percentage of the total pulmonary involvement
through algebraic summation of the percentage of the 19 pulmonary segments affected. Additionally,
the statistical correlation strength between the total percentage pulmonary involvement and
the age, initial RR, and percentage SpO2 of the patients was determined.

Results:

The mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) age of the 198 patients was 48.9 ± 11.4 years. GGO
magnitude alone exhibited a significant weak positive correlation with patients’ age (r = 0.2; p =
0.04). Sublobar consolidation extent exhibited a relatively stronger positive correlation with RR
than GGO magnitude (r = 0.23; p = 0.002). A relatively stronger negative correlation was observed
between the GGO extent and SpO2 (r = - 0.38; p = 0.002) than that between sublobar consolidation
and SpO2 (r = - 0.2; p = 0.04). An increase in the correlation strength was demonstrated with increased
case segregation with GGO extent (r = - 0.34; p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

The correlation between the magnitudes of typical pulmonary lesion patterns, particularly
GGO, which exhibited an incremental correlation pattern on chest HRCT, and the SpO2 percentage,
may allow the establishment of an artificial intelligence program to differentiate primary
SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia from other complications and associated pathology influencing SpO2.
Biological Importance and Therapeutic Benefit of Swertisin: An Overview
of Medicinal Importance and Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar , Patel Kanika
Published: August 2022

Background:

Herbal medicines have been derived from different parts of the plants
including roots, bark, seeds, flowers, and leaf. Human beings have been using herbal medicine and
their derived phytochemicals for the treatment of human health complications since ancient times.
Presence of different classes of phytochemicals is responsible for different pharmacological activities
of herbal drugs and their derived products.

Methods:

Numerous scientific literature data have been searched to collect all the needed scientific
information of the present article. Scientific literature databases such as Google, Google Scholar,
Science Direct, and PubMed have been searched in the present work to collect all the scientific
information of swertisin. Medicinal importance and pharmacological activities of swertisin have
been investigated in the present work through literature data analysis of different scientific research
works. Therapeutic benefits of swertisin against cognitive impairment, diabetes, hepatitis B,
pain and chromosomal damage have been investigated through literature data analysis of different
scientific research works.

Results:

Literature data analysis of numerous scientific research works revealed the biological
potential of swertisin in medicine as it is present in different medicinal plants i.e. Wilbrandia
ebracteata, Swertia franchetiana, Swertia mussotii, Enicostemma hyssopifolium, and Iris tectorum.
Scientific data analysis revealed the therapeutic effectiveness of swertisin against cognitive impairment,
diabetes, hepatitis B, pain and chromosomal damage. Scientific data analysis signified
the importance of different analytical techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis of
swertisin in different samples.

Conclusion:

Present study signified the biological importance and therapeutic benefit of swertisin
in medicine.
Tranexamic Acid and Plasminogen/Plasmin Glaring Paradox in COVID-19
Authors: Alexiou Athanasios , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Al-Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Al-Harcan Nasser A. Hadi
Published: August 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leading to acute tissue injury and an overstated immune response. In COVID-19, there are noteworthy changes in the fibrinolytic system with the development of coagulopathy. Therefore, modulation of the fibrinolytic system may affect the course of COVID-19. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an anti-fibrinolytic drug that reduces the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which is necessary for SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. In addition, TXA has anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, and anti-thrombotic effects, which may attenuate the COVID-19 severity. Thus, in this narrative review, we try to find the beneficial and harmful effects of TXA in COVID-19.
3EDANFIS: Three Channel EEG-Based Depression Detection Technique with Hybrid Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Mahato Shalini , Paul Sanchita , Goyal Nishant , Mohanty Sachi Nandan , Jain Sarika
Published: August 2022

Background:

Depression is a mental disorder that often negatively impacts the actions and feelings of the affected person. No laboratory tests are available to detect and properly diagnose depression. Presently, the detection of depression is done based on standardized questionnaires like Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fifth edition (DSM-V) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) which is subjective in nature.

Objective:

The purpose of the study is to propose a framework for more accurate detection of depression from EEG signals using only three channels, which makes the system portable as well as efficient.

Methods:

In this study, we propose a classification model using EEG signal with the help of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System optimized by nature-inspired algorithm. The proposed model is efficient, accurate, and portable as the features are extracted from only three channels, namely, Fp1, Fp2, and Fz. The three Data Channel (3EDANFIS) Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for detection of depression as well as three variants of Hybrid ANFIS – Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System-Genetic Algorithm (ANFIS-GA), Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System- Particle Swam Optimization (ANFIS-PSO) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System- Firefly Algorithm (ANFIS-FA) has been analyzed in this study. The features extracted are delta, theta, alpha, and beta and their corresponding sub-bands delta1, delta2, theta1, theta2, alpha1, alpha2, beta1, and beta2. Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swam Optimization (PSO), and Firefly Algorithm (FA) are all nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms which are used to optimize ANFIS by adapting the premise and consequent parameters.

Results:

The analysis showed that the GA and FA perform equally well in optimizing ANFIS with the highest accuracy of 83.33 % using delta1 power as well as delta power. Overall accuracy of the ANFIS-GA is found to be higher than that of the ANFIS-PSO, ANFIS-FA, and ANFIS. It was also found that the sub-band classification accuracy is higher than that of the band itself for delta, theta, and alpha bands. In case of the ANFIS, ANFIS-GA, ANFIS-PSO, and ANFIS-FA, delta1 was found to be having higher accuracy than delta power, theta1 was found to be having higher accuracy than theta power, and both alpha1 and alpha2 showed higher accuracy than alpha power.

Conclusion:

The use of only three EEG channels for data recording makes our technique to be more feasible, portable, convenient, and faster and hence can act as an adjunct tool for psychiatrists in the future.
Therapeutic Potentials of Black Seeds (Nigella sativa) in the Management of COVID-19 -A Review of Clinical and In-silico Studies
Authors: Balasubramanian Rajkapoor , Pakkir Maideen Naina Mohamed , Gobinath Mirunalini , Rafiullah Mohamed , Muthusamy Sudha
Published: August 2022

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and patients with COVID-19 are managed mainly using repurposed conventional drugs, which target the viral entry and viral replication of SARS CoV-2 along with standard care and supportive therapy.

Objective:

This review article focuses on the potential benefits of black seeds (Nigella sativa) observed in clinical and in silico molecular docking studies of COVID-19.

Methods:

The literature was searched using databases such as LitCOVID, Web of Science, Google Scholar, bioRxiv, medRxiv, Science Direct, EBSCO, Scopus, EMBASE, and reference lists to identify published manuscripts or preprints related to the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 with black seeds (N. sativa) or their phytoconstituents.

Results:

Various clinical studies and in silico molecular docking studies determined that black seeds (N. sativa) and their bioactive phytoconstituents have potential activity against SARS CoV-2 infection.

Results:

Various clinical studies and in silico molecular docking studies determined that black seeds (N. sativa) and their bioactive phytoconstituents have potential activity against SARS CoV-2 infection.

Conclusion:

Patients with COVID-19 could be managed using black seeds (N. sativa) along with supportive care, which would speed up the recovery and decrease the mortality rate. More randomized controlled clinical trials would further establish the safety and efficacy of N. sativa in COVID-19 patients.
Nanobiotechnology-Modified Cellular and Molecular Therapy as a Novel
Approach for Autoimmune Diabetes Management
Authors: Lawand Priyanka Vasant , Desai Shivani
Published: August 2022

Several cellular and molecular therapies such as stem cell therapy, cell replacement therapy,
gene modification therapy, and tolerance induction therapy have been researched to procure a
permanent cure for Type 1 Diabetes. However, due to the induction of undesirable side effects, their
clinical utility is questionable. These anti-diabetic therapies can be modified with nanotechnological
tools for reducing adverse effects by selectively targeting genes and/or receptors involved directly or
indirectly in diabetes pathogenesis, such as the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, epidermal growth
factor receptor, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene, miRNA gene and hepatocyte growth factor
(HGF) gene. This paper will review the utilities of nanotechnology in stem cell therapy, cell replacement
therapy, beta-cell proliferation strategies, immune tolerance induction strategies, and
gene therapy for type 1 diabetes management.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Pyrrole Substituted β-Lactams Through
p-Toluene Sulphonic Acid-catalyzed Reaction of Azetidine-2,3-diones with
Hydroxyprolines
Authors: Banik Bimal Krishna , Yadav Ram Naresh , Shaikh Aarif Latif , Das Aparna , Ray Devalina
Published: August 2022

Aims:

The aim of this study is to investigate the p-toluene sulphonic acid (p-Ts.OH)-
catalyzed reaction of racemic-azetidine-2,3-diones with enantiomerically pure cis and trans-4-
hydroxy-L-proline in refluxing ethanol culminating in a synthesis of substituted novel 3-(pyrrol-1-
yl)-azetidin-2-ones at the C-3 position.

Methods:

This work describes an alternative synthetic route enabling the tandem transformation of
proline to pyrrole, followed by intramolecular chirality transfer to the β -lactams ring.

Results:

All four diastereomers of 3-(pyrrol-1-yl)-azetidin-2-ones could be achieved in good to
excellent yield with high diastereoselectivity in a single-pot operation.

Conclusion:

This method can be applied to other activated carbonyl compounds and functionalized pyrroles
can be obtained through an expeditious process.
Mitochondrial DNA and Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection – Induction of Immuno-inflammatory Response
Authors: Gonçalves Neves Felipe Piedade , Filardy Alessandra D` Almeida , Abreu Pinto Tatiana de Castro
Published: August 2022

Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is one of the leading causes of
morbidity and mortality associated with lower respiratory infections. Usually, it
colonizes asymptomatically the human upper respiratory tract, but it can eventually
migrate to other body sites to cause invasive and non-invasive diseases. The
polysaccharide capsule (CPS) is the main pneumococcal virulence factor and it is used
in the currently available vaccines against this pathogen. However, novel therapeutic
and prevention approaches are urgently needed to target emergent non-vaccine
serotypes, especially those associated with antimicrobial resistance. Besides CPS,
pneumococcus has several other virulence factors that contribute to its pathogenesis,
including surface proteins (e.g., CbpA), the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin (PLY), as
well as enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2
). Here, we describe the
pathogenesis of pneumococcal infections as well as host cell molecular signaling,
focusing on major molecules responsible for host cell invasion and translocation, and
disturbance of mitochondrial function, resulting in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
leakage, inflammation and tissue damage. Understanding molecular and immuno inflammatory mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and pathogen-host cell interactions
is crucial to developing novel approaches to prevent and treat pneumococcal diseases.
FARKLI EĞİTİM KADEMELERİ ARASINDA GEÇİŞ YAPAN İNGİLİZCE ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN DENEYİMLERİ
Authors: AYDIN Semra , SU BERGİL Ayfer
Published: August 2022

Türkiye 1997 yılından itibaren İngilizceyi ilköğretim müfredatına dahil eden bir eğitim reformu yaşamış ve İngilizce öğretmenleri farklı eğitim kademelerine atanarak eğitim kademeleri arasında geçiş yapmaları uygulanmaya başlamıştır. 2013 yılından bu yana, öğretmenler herhangi bir kısıtlama veya gerekli nitelikler olmaksızın 2. sınıftan 12. sınıfa kadar tüm eğitim kademlerinde ders vermek üzere görevlendirilmiştir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, eğitim kademeleri arası geçişi, tercih ya da zorunluluk olarak dikkate alarak en az iki farklı eğitim kademesinde görev yapan İngilizce öğretmenlerinin deneyimlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Vaka analizi araştırma desenini kullanan bu çalışma, katılımcı öğretmenlerin Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı'nın İngilizce öğretmeni atama uygulamaları hakkında farklı bakış açılardan yorum yapmalarını gerektirerek çeşitli eğitim kademelerinde İngilizce öğretimi süreçlerinin fırsatlarını ve zorluklarını sorgulamaktadır. Bulgular, aşamalar arasındaki geçişin potansiyel fırsat ve zorluklara sahip olduğunu göstermektedir; ancak öğretmenlerin çoğu, aşamalar arasında geçiş yapmanın, onlara dinamik bir süreç sunduğu ve mesleki gelişim şansı verdiği için etkili bir uygulama olduğuna inanmaktadır.
El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha: fragmentos
Authors:   Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Colombia
Published: August 2022

Esta es una selección de aventuras de la primera parte de El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha, hecha a partir de la edición realizada por Francisco Rico, publicada por punto de lectura en el año 2008 de la edición digital de la biblioteca virtual Miguel de Cervantes. Las notas y el comentario introductorio han sido redactados con el objetivo de acercar al público que apenas se inicia en la lectura de esta maravillosa obra.
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Voluntary Nonpharmaceutical Interventions to Control COVID-19 in Japan: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kuroki Makoto , Yamamoto Kiyoshi , Goldfinch Shaun
Published: August 2022

Background

Trust in government is seen to facilitate crisis management and policy instrument adoption across numerous studies. However, in Japan, public support for government handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and trust in the government is low, yet the adoption of voluntary nondigital nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) is high. This is an important tension this study seeks to unravel.

Objective

The aim of this study is to understand the antecedents of nondigital NPI and tracking app adoption in the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.

Methods

A commercial company was contracted to deliver an online survey of 1248 Japanese citizens in December 2020. A quota technique was used to deliver a sample representative in terms of gender, age, residence, income, and education.

Results

The adoption of voluntary nondigital NPIs is predicted by confidence in public health scientists and a favoring of infection control over reducing economic and social costs. A novel and unexpected finding is that trust in government does not predict nondigital NPI use. Perceived risk and knowledge of infection did not increase the use of nondigital NPIs. Education and income were not significant factors, although female and older respondents demonstrated greater compliance. For the adoption of a phone tracking app, trust in government is important, as is urban residence, albeit with a lower use of the app compared to nondigital NPIs.

Conclusions

Voluntary compliance in the adoption of nondigital NPIs—if skillfully led by trusted scientific experts and in accord with societal norms—can be effectively achieved. We provide evidence that trust in government is effective in encouraging the use of the Japanese tracking app. Moreover, the technical efficacy of digital initiatives and perceptions of such will unsurprisingly affect citizen support and use of digital tools.
How Reflective Automated e-Coaching Can Help Employees Improve Their Capacity for Resilience: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Lentferink Aniek , Oldenhuis Hilbrand , Velthuijsen Hugo , van Gemert-Pijnen Lisette
Published: August 2022

Background

An eHealth tool that coaches employees through the process of reflection has the potential to support employees with moderate levels of stress to increase their capacity for resilience. Most eHealth tools that include self-tracking summarize the collected data for the users. However, users need to gain a deeper understanding of the data and decide upon the next step to take through self-reflection.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to examine the perceived effectiveness of the guidance offered by an automated e-Coach during employees’ self-reflection process in gaining insights into their situation and on their perceived stress and resilience capacities and the usefulness of the design elements of the e-Coach during this process.

Methods

Of the 28 participants, 14 (50%) completed the 6-week BringBalance program that allowed participants to perform reflection via four phases: identification, strategy generation, experimentation, and evaluation. Data collection consisted of log data, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) questionnaires for reflection provided by the e-Coach, in-depth interviews, and a pre- and posttest survey (including the Brief Resilience Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale). The posttest survey also asked about the utility of the elements of the e-Coach for reflection. A mixed methods approach was followed.

Results

Pre- and posttest scores on perceived stress and resilience were not much different among completers (no statistical test performed). The automated e-Coach did enable users to gain an understanding of factors that influenced their stress levels and capacity for resilience (identification phase) and to learn the principles of useful strategies to improve their capacity for resilience (strategy generation phase). Design elements of the e-Coach reduced the reflection process into smaller steps to re-evaluate situations and helped them to observe a trend (identification phase). However, users experienced difficulties integrating the chosen strategies into their daily life (experimentation phase). Moreover, the identified events related to stress and resilience were too specific through the guidance offered by the e-Coach (identification phase), and the events did not recur, which consequently left users unable to sufficiently practice (strategy generation phase), experiment (experimentation phase), and evaluate (evaluation phase) the techniques during meaningful events.

Conclusions

Participants were able to perform self-reflection under the guidance of the automated e-Coach, which often led toward gaining new insights. To improve the reflection process, more guidance should be offered by the e-Coach that would aid employees to identify events that recur in daily life. Future research could study the effects of the suggested improvements on the quality of reflection via an automated e-Coach.
Uncertainty Estimation in Medical Image Classification: Systematic Review
Authors: Kurz Alexander , Hauser Katja , Mehrtens Hendrik Alexander , Krieghoff-Henning Eva , Hekler Achim , Kather Jakob Nikolas , Fröhling Stefan , von Kalle Christof , Brinker Titus Josef
Published: August 2022

Background

Deep neural networks are showing impressive results in different medical image classification tasks. However, for real-world applications, there is a need to estimate the network’s uncertainty together with its prediction.

Objective

In this review, we investigate in what form uncertainty estimation has been applied to the task of medical image classification. We also investigate which metrics are used to describe the effectiveness of the applied uncertainty estimation

Methods

Google Scholar, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect were screened for peer-reviewed studies, published between 2016 and 2021, that deal with uncertainty estimation in medical image classification. The search terms “uncertainty,” “uncertainty estimation,” “network calibration,” and “out-of-distribution detection” were used in combination with the terms “medical images,” “medical image analysis,” and “medical image classification.”

Results

A total of 22 papers were chosen for detailed analysis through the systematic review process. This paper provides a table for a systematic comparison of the included works with respect to the applied method for estimating the uncertainty.

Conclusions

The applied methods for estimating uncertainties are diverse, but the sampling-based methods Monte-Carlo Dropout and Deep Ensembles are used most frequently. We concluded that future works can investigate the benefits of uncertainty estimation in collaborative settings of artificial intelligence systems and human experts.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/11936
Effects of a Mindfulness Intervention Comprising an App, Web-Based Workshops, and a Workbook on Perceived Stress Among Nurses and Nursing Trainees: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Schönfeld Simone , Rathmer Ines , Michaelsen Maren M , Hoetger Cosima , Onescheit Miriam , Lange Silke , Werdecker Lena , Esch Tobias
Published: August 2022

Background

Previous research has found digitally supported mindfulness interventions to be effective when used for stress management among workers in high-stress occupations. Findings on digitally supported mindfulness interventions among nurses working in acute inpatient care settings are heterogeneous, lack long-term follow-up, and do not assess adherence and acceptability.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and efficacy of a digitally supported mindfulness intervention designed to improve health- and work-related outcomes among nurses and nursing trainees working in acute inpatient care settings.

Methods

We will conduct a multicenter randomized controlled trial using a wait-list control group design. Randomization will be stratified by hospital and job status (nurse or nursing trainee). Recruitment will take place on the web and offline during the working hours of nurses and nursing trainees. The intervention group will receive a digitally supported mindfulness intervention, which will comprise an app, 2 web-based workshops, and a workbook, whereas the wait-list control group will be scheduled to receive the same intervention 14 weeks later. The 2 web-based workshops will be led by a certified mindfulness-based stress reduction trainer. Nurses will use the app and the workbook independently. Self-report web-based surveys will be conducted on the web at baseline, at 10 weeks after allocation, at 24 weeks after allocation, and at 38 weeks after allocation. Outcomes of interest will include perceived stress (primary outcome), health- and work-related variables, and variables related to adherence and acceptability of the digitally supported mindfulness intervention. We will perform intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses.

Results

Data collection will be completed by the beginning of August 2022. Data analyses will be completed by December 2022.

Conclusions

Our study design, including long-term follow-up and the investigation of variables related to adherence and acceptability, will ensure rigorous evaluation of effectiveness and efficacy. Relative to costly in-person intervention efforts, this program may present a cost-effective and potentially highly scalable alternative. Findings regarding effectiveness, efficacy, adherence, and acceptability will inform stakeholders’ decisions regarding the implementation of similar interventions to promote the well-being of nurses and nursing trainees, which may, in turn, alleviate detrimental stress-related outcomes (eg, burnout) because of work-related demands.

Trial Registration

German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00025997; https://tinyurl.com/433cas7u

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/37195
A Mobile App Leveraging Citizenship Engagement to Perform Anonymized Longitudinal Studies in the Context of COVID-19 Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Di Filippo Marzia , Avellone Alessandro , Belingheri Michael , Paladino Maria Emilia , Riva Michele Augusto , Zambon Antonella , Pescini Dario
Published: August 2022

Background

Over the past few years, studies have increasingly focused on the development of mobile apps as complementary tools to existing traditional pharmacovigilance surveillance systems for improving and facilitating adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting.

Objective

In this research, we evaluated the potentiality of a new mobile app (vaxEffect@UniMiB) to perform longitudinal studies, while preserving the anonymity of the respondents. We applied the app to monitor the ADRs during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in a sample of the Italian population.

Methods

We administered vaxEffect@UniMiB to a convenience sample of academic subjects vaccinated at the Milano-Bicocca University hub for COVID-19 during the Italian national vaccination campaign. vaxEffect@UniMiB was developed for both Android and iOS devices. The mobile app asks users to send their medical history and, upon every vaccine administration, their vaccination data and the ADRs that occurred within 7 days postvaccination, making it possible to follow the ADR dynamics for each respondent. The app sends data over the web to an application server. The server, along with receiving all user data, saves the data in a SQL database server and reminds patients to submit vaccine and ADR data by push notifications sent to the mobile app through Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM). On initial startup of the app, a unique user identifier (UUID) was generated for each respondent, so its anonymity was completely ensured, while enabling longitudinal studies.

Results

A total of 3712 people were vaccinated during the first vaccination wave. A total of 2733 (73.6%) respondents between the ages of 19 and 80 years, coming from the University of Milano-Bicocca (UniMiB) and the Politecnico of Milan (PoliMi), participated in the survey. Overall, we collected information about vaccination and ADRs to the first vaccine dose for 2226 subjects (60.0% of the first dose vaccinated), to the second dose for 1610 subjects (43.4% of the second dose vaccinated), and, in a nonsponsored fashion, to the third dose for 169 individuals (4.6%).

Conclusions

vaxEffect@UniMiB was revealed to be the first attempt in performing longitudinal studies to monitor the same subject over time in terms of the reported ADRs after each vaccine administration, while guaranteeing complete anonymity of the subject. A series of aspects contributed to the positive involvement from people in using this app to report their ADRs to vaccination: ease of use, availability from multiple platforms, anonymity of all survey participants and protection of the submitted data, and the health care workers’ support.
From the Cochrane Library: Optical Coherence Tomography for Diagnosing Skin Cancer in Adults (Preprint)
Authors: Burnette Colin , Sivesind Torunn E , Dellavalle Robert
Published: August 2022

UNSTRUCTURED
Elderly or Older Adults? Examining Public Awareness on Ageist Terms on Twitter: Content Analysis of Twitter (Preprint)
Authors: Schramm Emily , Yang Chris , Chang Chia-Hsuan , Mulhorn Kristine , Yoshinaga Shushi , Huh-Yoo Jina
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

The World Health Organization, Center of Disease Control, and the Gerontological Society of America have made efforts to raise awareness on ageist language and propose appropriate terms to denote older adult population. The Covid-19 pandemic and older adults’ vulnerability toward the pandemic has perpetuated hostile, ageist discourse on social media. It is an opportune time to understand the prevalence and use of ageist language and discuss ways forward.

OBJECTIVE

To understand the prevalence and the situated use of ageist terms on Twitter.

METHODS

We collected 60.32M total Tweets between March and July 2020 containing Covid-19 terms. We conducted mixed methods study of content analysis and descriptive quantitative analysis.

RESULTS

58,930 tweets contained ageist terms of either “old people” or “elderly.” Appropriate term, “older adult,” were found in 11,328 tweets. Twitter users used ageist terms (e.g., elderly, old people) to criticize ageist messages (17 out of 60, 28%). Highly hostile, ageist content against older adults came from tweets that contained the derogatory terms “old people” (22 out of 30, 73%) or “elderly” (13 out of 30, 43%).

CONCLUSIONS

The public discourse observed from Twitter show continued use of ageist terms even within the messages against ageism, showing the public’s inconsistent understanding on the appropriate use of terms referring to older adults. We will need efforts to eradicate the perpetuation of ageist messages that challenge healthy aging. Our study contributes to highlighting the need to inform the public about appropriate language use and ageism.

CLINICALTRIAL
Profiles of Adolescent English Gamers: exploring the interplay between time spent gaming, device type, addiction scores, and well-being (Preprint)
Authors: Skripkauskaite Simona , Fazel Mina ,   the OxWell Study Team
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

The shift in the last decades to screen-based and increasingly online gaming activity has raised concerns about its impact on the development of children and adolescents. Despite decades of research into gaming and related psychosocial effects, the question remains on how to best identify what degree or context of gaming may be a cause for concern.

OBJECTIVE

The present study aimed to classify adolescents into gamer profiles based on both gaming behaviours and well-being. Once we distinguished the different gaming profiles, we aimed to explore whether membership to a specific profile could be predicted based on a range of personal characteristics and experiences that could then help identify those at risk.

METHODS

We explored gaming and well-being in an adolescent school population (aged 12-18 years) in England as part of the 2021 OxWell Student Survey. Self-report measures of time spent playing games on computers/consoles, time spent playing games on phones, gaming addiction scale (GAS) scores, and well-being scores (WEMWBS) were used to classify adolescent heavy gamers (playing games for at least 3.5 hours a day) into different gamer profiles using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). We used multinomial logistic regression to the predict the profile membership based on a range of personal characteristics and experiences.

RESULTS

12,725 participants answered the OxWell gaming questions. One third indicated that they play games on an electronic device for at least 3.5 hours a day. The correlation between time spent playing video games overall and well-being was not significant (P = .41). The LPA distinguished six profiles of adolescent heavy gamers: ‘adaptive computer gamers’ (44%), ‘casual computer gamers’ (22%), ‘casual phone gamers’ (15%), ‘unknown device gamers’ (12%), ‘maladaptive computer gamers’ (6%), and ‘maladaptive phone gamers’ (2%). In comparison to ‘adaptive computer gamers’, ‘maladaptive phone gamers’ were mostly female and were more likely to have experienced abuse or neglect. ‘Maladaptive computer gamers’, who reported gaming both on their phones and on the computer, were mostly male and more likely to report anxiety, aggressive behaviour, and online gambling.

CONCLUSIONS

A substantial number of school-aged children are spending more than 3.5 hours gaming each day with almost one in ten (8%) reporting co-occurring gaming and well-being issues. Long hours gaming using mobile phones, particularly common in females, may signal poorer functioning and indicate a need for additional support. Although increased time gaming might be changing how the adolescent population spend their free time and, might thus have public health implications, it does not appear to relate to co-occurring well-being issues or mental ill-health for the majority of adolescent gamers.
Pangenome analysis of SARS-CoV2 strains to Identify Potential vaccine targets by Reverse Vaccinology (Preprint)
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Haseeb , Amir Afreenish , Irshad Hamza
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) leads to respiratory failure and obstructive alveolar damage, which may be fatal in immunocompromised individuals. COVID-19 pandemic has severe global implications badly, and the situation in the world is depreciating with the emergence of novel variants.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of our study is to explore the genome of SARS-CoV2 followed by in silico reverse vaccinology analysis. This will help to identify the most putative vaccine candidate against the virus in a robust manner and enables cost-effective development of vaccines compared with traditional strategies

METHODS

The genomic sequencing data is retrieved from NCBI (Reference Sequence Number NC_045512.2). The sequences are explored through comparative genomics approaches by GENOMICS to find out the core genome. The comprehensive set of proteins obtained was employed in computational vaccinology approaches for the prediction of the best possible B and T cell epitopes through ABCpred and IEDB Analysis Resource, respectively. The multi-epitopes were further tested against human toll-like receptors and cloned in an E. coli plasmid vector.

RESULTS

The designed Multiepitope Subunit Vaccine was non-allergenic, antigenic (0.6543), & non-toxic, with significant connections with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) binding alleles, and collective global population coverage of 84.38%. It has 276 amino acids, consisting of an adjuvant with the aid of an EAAAK linker, AAY linkers used to join the 4 CTL epitopes, GPGPG linkers used to join the 3 HTL epitopes and KK linkers used to join the 7 B-cell epitopes. MESV docking with human pathogenic toll-like receptors-3 (TLR3) exhibited a stable & high binding affinity. An in-silico codon optimization approach was used in the codon system of E. coli (strain K12) to obtain the GC-Content of Escherichia coli (strain K12): 50.7340272413779 and CAI-Value of the improved sequence: 0.9542834278823386. The multi-epitope vaccine's optimized gene sequence was cloned in-silico in E. coli plasmid vector pET-30a (+), and BamHI, and HindIII restriction sites were added to the N and C-terminals of the sequence, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a pressing need to combat COVID-19 and we need quick and reliable approaches against Covid-19. By using In-silico approaches, we acquire an effective vaccine that could trigger adequate immune responses at the cellular and humoral levels. The suggested sequences can be further validated through in vivo and in vitro experimentation.
Peran Dinas Perikanan Dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Nelayan Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Ekonomi Keluarga Nelayan (Studi Pada Kampung Nelayan Di Kecamatan Bula, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur, Provinsi Maluku)
Authors: Rumarey Wattimena Zarita Kaulika , Rustadi Rustadi , Suadi Suadi
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyzed the role of  Department of Fishery of Seram Bagian Timur Regency  using the Siagian theory in 2003, through 5 role indicators namely the role of stabilizer, innovator, modernizr, pioneer and implementer as well as the implications of the role of the service on the economic resilience of fishermen's families which included: place of residence (home ownership) , income, education costs and health insurance in Bula Fisherman's Village SBT Regency.This research was a qualitative descriptive study, with data collection techniques using qualitative methods with samples of 6 informants from the officers in the Fisheries Services and 5 fishers informants representing 3 fish farmer groups. The data collection techniques used were (1) observation (2) interviews, and (3) documentation with data analysis techniques through qualitative description analysis which drew conclusions analytically through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing.The results of the study indicated that Department of Fishery of SBT Regency had not carried out its main duties and functions optimally. The limitations of its implementation, both the role and implementation of policies, were still hampered by a number of factors, namely budget constraints, low quality of human resources, government policies and inadequate facilities and infrastructure. So, that the local governments had not been effective in managing and utilizing fishery resources. The implication of the role of Office of Fishery of SBT in empowering fishermen showed that it still had not had a positive influence on the economic condition of the fishermen's families, most of the fishing families had family economic resilience that was included in the less resilient category, namely there were still many family of fisherman who lived in poverty. In order to supporedt the success of the role of the Department of Fisheries, a number of supporting factors were needed that could encourage the regional economy through marine and fisheries-based regional development, namely fishery resources, human resources and government policies (budget).
The Use of Technology in Logistics Process Innovation in Industries
Authors: Peixe Adriana Maria Miguel , Berno Adriana , Balsan Jorge , Pinto José Simão de Paula , Araújo José Anízio Rocha de
Published: August 2022

The present study aimed to elucidate the adoption of technology as a way to innovate logistics processes in industries. Technological innovation is one of the key factors in the competitiveness of organizational/Industry divisions in different regions of the world. In this context, investing in technology is essential for organizations/industries to survive in the market in the face of strong global competition. With a qualitative approach, the research is exploratory in nature with the use of documentary data. Seeking to provide an overview of the problem, of the approximate type through the researcher's understanding of the phenomenon or case that results in the improvement of ideas. From this perspective, it is inferred that the use of digital technology has been widely used, especially in logistics processes adopted by industries. In view of this, the insertion of technology appears as an important ally in the innovation process of logistics processes, configuring the so-called Logistics 4.0, which has been studied by researchers in different countries.