bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of circular RNAs in bone marrow‐derived exosomes from essential thrombocythemia patients
Authors: Wang Qiang , Yu Guopan , He Han , Zheng Zhongxin , Li Xuan , Lin Ren , Xu Dan
Published: December 2020

Circular RNAs (circRNA) are closely associated with the pathogenesis of various hematological diseases. However, little is known about the potential functions of circRNAs in essential thrombocythemia (ET) development. The circRNA profile alterations in the bone marrow of ET patients were mainly investigated in this study. The sizes of exosomes derived from human bone marrow tissues were validated by the nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) method. CD63 and TSG101 expressions in exosomes were analyzed by western blot analysis. The profiles and differential expression of circRNAs in bone‐derived exosomes were characterized by high‐throughput sequencing. Herein, circular structures and expression of circRNAs were verified by Sanger sequencing and real‐time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA networks were predicted using the Cytoscape software. And we detected the effect of circ_0014614 on the transformation of K562 cells into megakaryocytes. Exosomes derived from the bone marrow of ET patients and healthy volunteers showed a diameter between 70 and 140 nm and expressed high CD63 and TSG101. Meanwhile, the circRNA profiles were significantly altered in bone marrow–derived exosomes from ET patients, among which circDAP3, circASXL1, and circRUNX1 were significantly downregulated in ET patients, thus conferring a new insight into the role of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of ET. Besides this, circRNA‐encoding genes and miRNA‐mRNA networks targeted by this three circRNA were involved in various biological processes and signaling pathways. And circ_0014614 could inhibit K562 cells' differentiation into megakaryocytes. The predictions of the potential function of these three differentially expressed circRNAs along with their interaction with specific miRNAs could provide a basis for circRNA‐based ET diagnosis and treatment.
Outcomes of rotational atherectomy versus orbital atherectomy for the treatment of heavily calcified coronary stenosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khan Abdul Ahad , Murtaza Ghulam , Khalid Muhammad Faisal , White Christopher J. , Mamas Mamas A. , Mukherjee Debabrata , Jneid Hani , Shanmugasundaram Madhan , Nagarajarao Harsha S. , Paul Timir K.
Published: December 2020

Introduction

The optimal approach to deal with severe coronary artery calcification (CAC) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains ill‐defined.

Methods

We conducted an electronic database search of all published studies comparing Orbital versus Rotational Atherectomy in patients undergoing PCI.

Results

Eight observational studies were included in the analysis. Overall, there were no significant differences in Major‐adverse‐cardiac‐events/MACE (OR: 0.81, CI: 0.63–1.05, p = .11), myocardial‐infarction/MI (OR: 0.75, CI: 0.56–1.00, p = .05), all‐cause mortality (OR: 0.82, CI: 0.25–2.64, p = .73) or Target‐vessel‐revascularization/TVR (OR: 0.72, CI: 0.38–1.36, p = .31). However, OA was associated with lower long‐term MACE (1‐year), (OR: 0.66, CI: 0.44–0.99, p = .04), long‐term TVR (OR: 0.40, CI: 0.18–0.89, p = .03), and short‐term MI (in‐hospital and 30‐day) (OR: 0.64, CI: 0.44–0.94, p = .02). OA was associated with more coronary artery dissections (OR: 2.61, CI: 1.38–4.92, p = .003) and device‐related coronary perforations (OR: 2.79, CI: 1.08–7.19, p = .03). There were no differences in cardiac tamponade (OR: 1.78, CI: 0.37–8.69, p = .47). OA was noted to have significantly lower fluoroscopy time (MD: −3.96 min, CI: −7.67, −0.25; p = .04) compared to RA. No significant difference was noted in terms of contrast volume between the two groups (OR: −4.35 ml, CI: −14.52, 23.22; p = .65).

Conclusion

Although there was no difference in overall MACE, MI, all‐cause mortality and TVR, OA was associated with lower long‐term MACE and short‐term MI. OA is associated with lower fluoroscopy time but higher rates of coronary artery dissection and coronary perforation.
Antimonium crudum in pediatric skin conditions: A classical homeopathic case series
Authors: Mahesh Seema , Kozymenko Tamara , Kolomiiets Nataliia , Vithoulkas George
Published: December 2020

Homeopathic Antimonium crudum may be useful in many pediatric skin conditions if prescribed on symptom similarity. It may especially be helpful in reducing the use of antibiotics and steroids in this age‐group if proven to be effective through larger scientific studies.
Recent Advances of Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping Reforming of Methane
Authors: Tian Ming , Wang Chaojie , Han Yujia , Wang Xiaodong
Published: December 2020

This review discussed recent advances of oxygen carriers (OCs) for chemical looping reforming (CLR) of CH4 which aims to generate high‐quality syngas, an important chemical intermediate for the synthesis of chemicals and fuels. We firstly introduced CLR and that combined with CO2 and H2O splitting as well as clarified their advantages over conventional reforming processes. Then we reviewed the latest advances of metal‐based OCs, composite OCs including perovskites and hexaaluminates, and catalytic OCs, namely oxygen‐containing materials with catalytically metal sites, during the past five years. Specific discussion focused on the influence of composition, surface, and bulk structure of these OCs on conversion, selectivity, and lattice oxygen reactivity to summarize design and optimization strategies of the tailored OCs. Finally, a brief summary and an outlook on some of the scientific challenges and suggestions for future investigations on the development of outstanding OCs for CLR of CH4 are given.
Multiplatform collaborative detection resource scheduling method using K‐means clustering algorithm and Hungarian algorithm
Authors: Ni Tianquan , Jiang Yi
Published: December 2020

According to the different situation electromagnetic environment, the multiplatform collaborative detection task is planned under the condition of meeting the requirements of multiplatform performance constraints and detection and positioning accuracy. In this article, the 6‐tuples of multiple‐platform detection attributes is defined, and then a multiple‐platform cooperative detection resource scheduling algorithm is established, and a cooperate adaptive evaluation method is proposed for coordination among all the platforms. Calculate the cooperate value among all the platforms. According to the cooperate value, the platform is clustered into a set of the same amount of objects, and then the expected core equipment of each set will be solved. The K‐means‐clustering technology and Hungarian technology are used to calculate and solve the matrix of the collaborative revenue value of the expected core equipment for the detection target. The feasibility, high adaptability, and the best distribution relationship of the collaborative revenue value are obtained. A kind of resource represented by the expected core equipment is allocated to the corresponding target for work, and the resource scheduling is completed. Multiplatform cooperative electronic detection tasks will be completed effectively in real time, and identify the targets quickly and accurately. Finally, we could complete the countertask.
Oriented Nickel Nanonetworks and Their Submicron Fibres as a Basis for a Transparent Electrically Conductive Coating
Authors: Nizameev Irek R. , Nizameeva Guliya R. , Faizullin Rashid R. , Kadirov Marsil K.
Published: December 2020

The paper demonstrates a technique for applying an oriented nickel network to a glass surface. The method is based on the chemical reduction of nickel salt. The shaping and orientation of the resulting system are carried out using a micellar template of a surfactant and a magnetic field. Submicron nickel fibres are used to impart unity to the plurality of individual‐oriented nickel nanonetworks. The result is a single conductive coating on the surface of the glass, which has a transparency in the optical range. Investigations of the structure, chemical composition, morphology and electrical conductivity of the coating were performed.
Singlet‐Triplet Excited‐State Inversion in Heptazine and Related Molecules: Assessment of TD‐DFT and ab initio Methods
Authors: Ricci G. , San‐Fabián E. , Olivier Y. , Sancho‐García J. C.
Published: December 2020

We have investigated the origin of the S1‐T1 energy levels inversion for heptazine, and other N‐doped π‐conjugated hydrocarbons, leading thus to an unusually negative singlet‐triplet energy gap (
). Since this inversion might rely on substantial doubly‐excited configurations to the S1 and/or T1 wavefunctions, we have systematically applied multi‐configurational SA‐CASSCF and SC‐NEVPT2 methods, SCS‐corrected CC2 and ADC(2) approaches, and linear‐response TD‐DFT, to analyze if the latter method could also face this challenging issue. We have also extended the study to B‐doped π‐conjugated systems, to see the effect of chemical composition on the results. For all the systems studied, an intricate interplay between the singlet‐triplet exchange interaction, the influence of doubly‐excited configurations, and the impact of dynamic correlation effects, serves to explain the
values found for most of the compounds, which is not predicted by TD‐DFT.
Taphonomic experiments imply a possible link between the evolution of multicellularity and the fossilization potential of soft‐bodied organisms
Authors: Naimark Elena , Kirpotin Dmitry , Boeva Natalia , Gmoshinskiy Vladimir , Kalinina Maria , Lyupina Yulia , Markov Alexander , Nikitin Michail , Shokurov Alexander , Volkov Dmitry
Published: December 2020

The reliability of evolutionary reconstructions based on the fossil record critically depends on our knowledge of the factors affecting the fossilization of soft‐bodied organisms. Despite considerable research effort, these factors are still poorly understood. In order to elucidate the main prerequisites for the preservation of soft‐bodied organisms, we conducted long‐term (1–5 years) taphonomic experiments with the model crustacean Artemia salina buried in five different sediments. The subsequent analysis of the carcasses and sediments revealed that, in our experimental settings, better preservation was associated with the fast deposition of aluminum and silicon on organic tissues. Other elements such as calcium, magnesium, and iron, which can also accumulate quickly on the carcasses, appear to be much less efficient in preventing decay. Next, we asked if the carcasses of uni‐ and multicellular organisms differ in their ability to accumulate aluminum ions on their surface. The experiments with the flagellate Euglena gracilis and the sponge Spongilla lacustris showed that aluminum ions are more readily deposited onto a multicellular body. This was further confirmed by the experiments with uni‐ and multicellular stages of the social ameba Dictyostelium discoideum. The results lead us to speculate that the evolution of cell adhesion molecules, which provide efficient cell–cell and cell–substrate binding, probably can explain the rich fossil record of soft‐bodied animals, the comparatively poor fossil record of nonskeletal unicellular eukaryotes, and the explosive emergence of the Cambrian diversity of soft‐bodied fossils.
Stereoisomeric Control in [RuCl2(PTA)2(2L)] Complexes (2L=2py or bpy): From Theoretical Calculations to a 2+2 Metallacycle of Pyridylporphyrins
Authors: Vidal Alessio , Battistin Federica , Milani Barbara , Balducci Gabriele , Alessio Enzo
Published: December 2020

Treatment of the Ru(II) precursor cis,cis,trans‐[RuCl2(dmso‐S)2(PTA)2] (1, PTA=1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane) with 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) in refluxing ethanol selectively affords cis,cis‐[Ru(bpy)Cl2(PTA)2] (2), whereas with pyridine (py), under the same conditions, it gives trans,cis,cis‐[RuCl2(PTA)2(py)2] (6). The slightly less stable stereoisomer of 2, cis,trans‐[Ru(bpy)Cl2(PTA)2] (3), is obtained selectively through a different synthetic route. Isomers 2 and 3 are thermally stable, but cleanly equilibrate upon irradiation of an aqueous solution of either one with blue light. Intrigued by the stereoisomeric outcome in the preparations of this homogeneous set of complexes, we also investigated 2, 3, and 6 (and the mono‐pyridine complex trans,mer‐[RuCl2(py)(PTA)3] (7)) through a topological analysis of the electron density map using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). The wealth of acquired experimental and calculated data allow us to discuss the stereochemical preferences of the [RuCl2(PTA)2(2 L)] complexes (2 L=bpy or 2py) in terms of electronic and steric contributions. The results of this speculative study on model complexes are transferable to similar systems. As an example, our findings from the reactivity of 1 towards pyridine allowed us to prepare the 2+2 pyridylporphyrin metallacycle trans,cis,cis‐[RuCl2(PTA)2(4′‐cisDPyP)]2 (10, 4′‐cisDPyP=5,10‐(4′‐pyridyl)‐15,20‐(phenyl)‐porphyrin), whose X‐ray molecular structure is also reported.
Design of heat storage networks for repeatable batch processes
Authors: Anastasovski Aleksandar
Published: December 2020

Heat integration of repeatable batches with heat storage is a complex problem. This article suggests a new approach in the determination of possible heat storage for repeatable batch processes. This approach is based on the TRANSSHIPMENT method. The surplus heat and cold from streams and stream segments are added to the already designed heat exchanger networks for each time slice. These streams or stream segments from other time slices are supposed to match with streams or stream segments in a particular time slice. The heat content together with the changed supply and target temperatures of streams, and the minimal temperature difference for heat exchange are the main parameters used in the suggested method. The proposed technique creates a heat exchanger network between streams and potential heat storage at different times. The solution is a secondary network of heat storage units. The benefit in design of the solution is heat recovery for 11.51 kW per cycle of the analyzed case study. The annual heat recovery by cooling and heating separately is 4488.1 kW. As a result of suggested solution, the waste heat is minimized for approximately 13.5%.
Effects of aqueous ozone treatment on microbial growth, quality, and pesticide residue of fresh‐cut cabbage
Authors: Liu Chenghui , Chen Chen , Jiang Aili , Zhang Yanhui , Zhao Qiqi , Hu Wenzhong
Published: December 2020

The influence of aqueous ozone (1.4 mg/L) treatment for 1, 5, and 10 min on the microbial growth and quality attributes of fresh‐cut cabbage during storage at 4°C for 12 days was evaluated. The pesticide residue removal effect of aqueous ozone treatment for 5 min was also determined. The results show that the growth rates of aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and yeasts were significantly inhibited (p < .05) by aqueous ozone treatment during storage; treatment for 10 min showed the greatest inactivation of bacteria, coliforms, and molds. Aqueous ozone stimulated initial respiratory metabolism compared with that of the control. Aqueous ozone treatments reduced ethylene production and improved the overall quality of fresh‐cut cabbage. In addition, the effect of aqueous ozone treatment for 5 min on the removal of trichlorfon, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, dichlorvos, and omethoate from fresh‐cut cabbage was greater (p < .05) than that of the control. These results indicate that aqueous ozone treatment for 5 min could be an economic and effective method to remove pesticide residues and enhance the storability of fresh‐cut cabbage.
Geophysical assessment of Verteba Cave Eneolithic site, Ukraine
Authors: Bondar Kseniia M. , Sokhatskyi Mykhailo P. , Chernov Anatolii , Popko Yaroslav , Petrokushyn Oleh , Baryshnikova Mariia , Khomenko Ruslan , Boyko Myroslav
Published: December 2020

The set of geophysical methods employed above ground and inside Verteba Cave Eneolithic Trypillian Culture Site (Ukraine) includes magnetic survey, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and ground‐penetrating radar (GPR). The above‐ground geophysical study was aimed at the recognition of lateral and vertical distribution of sulfate karst landforms and archaeological targets. In‐cave measurements were made to prospect archaeological remains in loose infill and unknown voids. The round and oval‐shaped magnetic anomalies with dimensions of 10–25 m and maximum intensity of 15–20 nT are caused by old refilled collapse dolines that were discovered over the cave. The magnetic survey proved the absence of Trypillian culture houses on the surface and the presence of buried archaeological objects in the cave. 2D ERT imaging revealed the vertical structure of karstic collapse dolines, the thickness of the sedimentary layer over gypsum, as well as loamy cave infill. ERT was capable of detecting the void in gypsum by resistivity enhancement up to several thousand ohm‐meters. The underground GPR survey of cave walls provided information about possible vertical air−gypsum and loam−gypsum interfaces within the gypsum layer. The prospective areas for future archaeological excavations and the possible location of undiscovered cavities were outlined on the basis of geophysical results.
Distribution pattern of the brackish Apocorophium lacustre (Vanhoffen, 1911) (Amphipoda: Corophiidae) and the structure of the amphipod assemblages in the upper Oder River catchment
Authors: Krodkiewska Mariola , Rewicz Tomasz , Cebulska Klaudia , Koczorowska Adrianna , Konopacka Alicja
Published: December 2020

Apocorophium lacustre (Vanhoffen, 1911), which is a native brackish amphipod species of the North Atlantic and Baltic coasts, was recorded in the upper Oder River for the first time in 2017. Before that, only alien amphipod species had been found in this area. The aims of the study were to describe the distribution pattern of A. lacustre in the upper Oder River catchment, to investigate the composition and structure of the amphipod assemblages against the background of the habitat conditions and to provide a genetic identification of the species using DNA barcodes. In total, 16 sites were studied. A. lacustre was recorded in 14 of them. It was not found at one site in the Oder River and at one location in the lower Klodnica River. A. lacustre outnumbered the other amphipods in the Oder, in the mouth section of the Klodnica and at one site in the Gliwice Canal. The alien species Gammarus tigrinus (Sexton, 1939) was dominant in the amphipod communities at the southernmost site in the Oder River, in the Klodnica Canal, and at most sites along the Gliwice Canal. In the Klodnica River, another alien species, Dikerogammarus villosus (Sovinsky, 1894), was dominant in the amphipod fauna at two sites. Though the density of A. lacustre was high in the Oder River, it was much lower in both the canals and the Klodnica River. In our study, the depth and river velocity both contributed to the distribution of this species.
Using Culturally Relevant Pedagogy to Influence Literacy Achievement for Middle School Black Male Students
Authors: Walker Shontoria , Hutchison Laveria
Published: December 2020

This paper describes how the literacy achievement of low socioeconomic status 17 Black male middle school students in one classroom was influenced by culturally responsive teaching. The study employed a concurrent transformative mixed‐methods approach. Quantitative data consisted of pretest and posttest reading scores from the computer adaptive interim assessment, Measurement of Academic Progress during the 2017–2018 academic school year. Qualitative data included the teacher’s journal of reflective field notes. The findings suggested that pedagogy that mirrors students’ cultural values, beliefs, and lifestyles empowered students in ways that yielded improved literacy achievement for this group. This study added further support for the use of such pedagogy with Black male students as well as other potentially vulnerable populations.
Adipose mesenchymal stem cells‐secreted extracellular vesicles containing microRNA‐192 delays diabetic retinopathy by targeting ITGA1
Authors: Gu Cao , Zhang Hongjun , Gao Yu
Published: December 2020

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has characteristics of early loss of capillary pericytes, contributing to aberrant endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis. The function of extracellular vesicles (Evs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in angiogenesis and endothelial proliferation were investigated in the present study. In particular, the role of microRNA‐192 (miR‐192) was described. Firstly, the GSE60436 data set was applied to screen out that integrin subunit α1 (ITGA1) was overexpressed in DR. Subsequently, streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes in rats, which was later subjected to intravitreal injection of targeted shRNAs. ITGA1 knockdown alleviated inflammation and angiogenesis in STZ‐induced diabetic retina. Evs were extracted from MSCs and injected into rat vitreous. Meanwhile, human retinal microvascular endothelial cells, Müller cells, and retinal pigment epithelium cells were exposed to high glucose. MSC‐derived Evs relieved inflammatory response and angiogenesis by shuttling miR‐192. miR‐192 targeted and negatively regulated ITGA1, thereby ameliorating diabetic retinal damage. Our study established that miR‐192 released by Evs from MSCs could delay the events of the inflammatory response and angiogenesis in DR and may represent a possible therapeutic approach for the treatment of DR.
Hydrogen sulfide restores sevoflurane postconditioning mediated cardioprotection in diabetic rats: Role of SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling‐modulated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress
Authors: Zhang Jing , Cai Xia , Zhang Qin , Li Xiaozhong , Li Siyuan , Ma Jianyong , Zhu Wengen , Liu Xiao , Wei Meilin , Tu Wei , Shen Yunfeng , Liu Jianping , Lai Xiaoyang , Yu Peng
Published: December 2020

Diabetic hearts are vulnerable to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), but are insensitive to sevoflurane postconditioning (SPC), activating peroxiredoxins that confer cardioprotection. Previous studies have demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can suppress oxidative stress of diabetic rats through increasing the expression of silent information regulator factor 2‐related enzyme 1 (SIRT1), but whether cardioprotection by SPC can be restored afterward remains unclear. Diabetic rat was subjected to IRI (30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min reperfusion). Postconditioning treatment with sevoflurane was administered for 15 min upon the onset of reperfusion. The diabetic rats were treated with GYY4137 (H2S donor) 5 days before the experiment. Myocardial infarct size, mitochondrial structure and function, ATP content, activities of complex I‐IV, marker of oxidative stress, SIRT1, nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), and NADPH Oxidase‐2 (Nox‐2) protein expression were detected after reperfusion, and cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography at 24 h after reperfusion. After H2S activated SIRT1 in the impaired myocardium of diabetic rats, SPC significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream mediator HO‐1, thus reduced the expression of Nox‐2. In addition, H2S remarkably increased cytoplasmic and nuclear SIRT1 which was further enhanced by SPC. Furthermore, H2S combined with SPC reduced the production of reactive oxygen species, increased the content of ATP, and maintained mitochondrial enzyme activity. Finally, myocardial infarct size and myocardium damage were decreased, and cardiac function was improved. Taken together, our study proved that H2S could restore SPC‐induced cardioprotection in diabetic rats by enhancing and promoting SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
The impact of radiochemistry in drug projects: The use of C‐14 label in the AZD8529, AZD7325, and AZD6280 projects
Authors: Kingston Lee , Gu Chungang , Guo Jian , Swallow Steve , Elmore Charles S.
Published: December 2020

Understanding the metabolic transformations of a potential drug molecule is important to understanding the safety profile of a drug candidate. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry is a standard method for detecting metabolites in the drug discovery stage, but this can lead to an incomplete understanding of the molecule's metabolism. In this manuscript, we highlight the role radiolabeling played in determining the metabolism and in quantifying the metabolites of AZD8529, AZD7325, and AZD6280. A quantitative whole‐body autoradiography study can detect covalent adducts in vivo as was the case with AZD5248 in which the compound was bound to the aorta. Ultimately another compound free of aortic binding was developed, AZD7986.
Effect of the calcareous deposits on the cathodic protection potential of 10Ni5CrMoV high‐strength steel in a deep‐sea environment by using the response surface methodology
Authors: Xu Hongbo , Li Lin , Zhao Yang , San Hongyu , Zhang Tao , Su Xiandong , Wang Fuhui
Published: December 2020

The effect of deep‐sea environments on the properties of calcareous deposits was studied and we established the mapping relationship between their cathodic protection potential and the temperature (T), pressure (P), dissolved oxygen (DO), and the properties of the calcareous deposits according to the response surface methodology. This revealed that the calcareous deposits mixed with CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2 under cathodic protection. The environment including temperature, pressure, and oxygen content had various impacts on the thickness, porosity, and the ratio of Ca and Mg. Moreover, the calcareous deposits slightly decreased the cathodic protection potential. Therefore, it can be believed that the cathodic protection potential for naked high‐strength steel is also approximately applicable to that covered with calcareous deposits in the deep‐sea environment.
Multicomponent Polymerization for π‐Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Yoon Ki‐Young , Dong Guangbin
Published: December 2020

Structurally complex π‐conjugated polymers hold great promise as key components in sensor and electronic devices; however, their syntheses have not been a trivial task. From a synthetic efficiency perspective, it would be more attractive to access these materials using convenient and efficient methods from simple building blocks. One such synthetic tool, multicomponent polymerization, can accommodate modularity and provide highly efficient syntheses. This feature article outlines several multicomponent polymerization strategies for the synthesis of various π‐conjugated polymers, which are classified based upon how the monomers are aligned during polymerization. Additionally, the challenges and outlooks of this field are highlighted and discussed.
A Polyamide 6/Muscovite Composites with Thermal Insulation Properties
Authors: Chagas Gabriella Neto , Barros Maiccon Martins , Ribeiro Roberto Carlos da Conceição , Bastos Daniele Cruz
Published: December 2020

The production of garments with strong thermal control is of paramount importance to improve the working conditions of people who engage in activities under hot sun. From this perspective, bearing in mind the reuse of ornamental stone tailings, the present project aimed at developing a fabric made of polyamide 6 and muscovite, which is a mineral tailing from the cutting and processing of pegmatite rocks and has thermal insulation characteristics. Tensile specimens containing 50%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 95% muscovite by mass are generated in the polyamide matrix, which are submitted to physical index and temperature absorption tests. The addition of 95% mineral filler does not significantly alter the physical characteristics of the samples, since the density increased only from 1.30 to 1.60 g.cm−3. In addition, specimens containing 90% mineral filler in the polyamide matrix reduced the temperature by more than 50%.
Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Ibuprofen and Naproxen Drugs Incorporated in Cellulose Acetate Matrices
Authors: Ferreira Marcos V. , Filho Lauro A. Pradela , Takeuchi Regina M. , Assunção Rosana M. N.
Published: December 2020

The suitable combination of active pharmaceutical molecules and polymer matrices is a key factor for the development of systems for controlled release. The proper choice of the bioactive species/polymer pair depends strongly on the dispersion capacity and the interaction established between the bioactive species in the polymer matrix. Solid dispersions composed of cellulose acetate (CA) with either naproxen (NPX) or ibuprofen (IBF) are separately evaluated by Thermogravimetry Analysis in decomposition kinetics studies. Ozawa's isoconversional method is used to calculate the Estimated Activation Energy (Eα) values. Eα indicated strong intermolecular interactions between the drugs and the CA matrix that is responsible for the increase in thermal stabilities of the drugs when they are combined with the polymer matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses and solubility parameters showed CA has better compatibility with NPX compared to IBF. Therefore, this work brings exciting information for systems based on CA. Moreover, the approach is promising for the development of new materials, especially those of pharmaceutical relevance.
Cardiac radioablation for atrial fibrillation: Target motion characterization and treatment delivery considerations
Authors: Lydiard Suzanne , Pontré Beau , Lowe Boris S. , Ball Helen , Sasso Giuseppe , Keall Paul
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The safe delivery of cardiac radioablation (CR) for atrial fibrillation (AF) is challenged by multi‐direction target motion, cardiac rate variability, target proximity to critical structures, and the importance of complete target dose coverage for therapeutic benefit. Careful selection of appropriate treatment procedures is therefore essential. This work characterizes AF cardiac radioablation target motion and target proximity to surrounding structures in both healthy and AF participants to guide optimal treatment technique and technology choice.

Methods

Ten healthy participants and five participants with AF underwent MRI acquisition. Multi‐slice, cardiac‐gated, breath‐hold cines were acquired and interpolated to create three‐dimensional images for 18–30 cardiac phases. Treatment targets at the left and right pulmonary vein ostia (CTVLeft and CTVRight respectively) and adjacent cardiac structures were contoured and their displacements throughout the cardiac cycle were assessed. Target proximity to surrounding structures were measured. Free‐breathing real‐time two‐dimensional cine images were also acquired at 4 Hz frequency for between 1‐ and 2‐min duration. The motion of easily identifiable points within the target, diaphragm and sternum was measured to assess respiratory motion.

Results

Target motion due to cardiac contraction was most prominent in the medial‐lateral direction and of 4–5 mm magnitude. CTVRight displacements were smaller in participants with AF than healthy participants in normal sinus rhythm. Nearby cardiac structures often moved with different magnitudes and motion trajectories. CTVLeft and/or CTVRight were in direct contact with the esophagus in 73% of participants. Target motion due to respiration was most prominent in the superior–inferior direction and of 13–14 mm magnitude in both healthy and AF participants.

Conclusion

AF CR target motion and relative displacement was characterized. The combination of target motion magnitude and relative displacement to critical structures highlights the importance of personalizing motion compensation techniques for effective AF CR treatments.
Should I Start With A Postpyloric Enteral Nutrition Modality?
Authors: Kuwajima Vanessa , Bechtold Matthew L.
Published: December 2020

Nutrition therapy is a key element in the management of malnourished and critically ill patients. Although many aspects of enteral nutrition (EN) have been well defined by research, with clear recommendations by 3 major society guidelines, EN delivery method remains a topic for debate. The goal of this manuscript is to concisely review gastric vs postpyloric enteral feeding in critically ill adult patients and provide a set of recommendations to individualize EN delivery method based on patient characteristics and specific needs.
Multiperiod transshipment location–allocation problem with flow synchronization under stochastic handling operations
Authors: Giusti Riccardo , Manerba Daniele , Tadei Roberto
Published: December 2020

The transshipment location–allocation problem consists of locating transshipment facilities (e.g., intermodal hubs) of a transportation network and allocating freight flows through them, from several origins to several destinations, to satisfy demand and supply constraints. The objective is to maximize the total net transportation utility given by the total shipping utility minus the total cost to locate the facilities. Moreover, flow synchronization at the facilities must also be ensured. Unfortunately, the flow synchronization depends on a broad set of unknown events, which could cause both unexpected reductions of the facility capacity and uncertain utility of handling operations. In this paper, we first want to evaluate how uncertainty on facility capacity and handling operations utility affects the transshipment location–allocation problem in terms of complexity, net gain, and optimal solutions. Moreover, we extend the problem from a single to a multi‐period setting to have a wider view of future scenarios realizations and consequently synchronize the flows by using different facilities on different periods. We propose a two‐stage stochastic programming formulation with recourse and analyze, over a ground set of instances, some well‐known economic indicators to derive managerial insights on the importance of addressing uncertainty for the problem. Finally, given the computational burden of solving the deterministic equivalent problem, we propose several heuristics based on progressive hedging and test their performance.
Clinical Application of the FoundationOne CDx Assay to Therapeutic Decision-Making for Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Takeda Masayuki , Takahama Takayuki , Sakai Kazuko , Shimizu Shigeki , Watanabe Satomi , Kawakami Hisato , Tanaka Kaoru , Sato Chihiro , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Nonagase Yoshikane , Yonesaka Kimio , Takegawa Naoki , Okuno Tatsuya , Yoshida Takeshi , Fumita Soichi , Suzuki Shinichiro , Haratani Koji , Saigoh Kazumasa , Ito Akihiko , Mitsudomi Tetsuya , Handa Hisashi , Fukuoka Kazuya , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Nishio Kazuto
Published: December 2020

Background

Implementation of personalized medicine requires the accessibility of tumor molecular profiling in order to allow prioritization of appropriate targeted therapies for individual patients. Our aim was to study the role of comprehensive genomic profiling assays that may inform treatment recommendations for patients with solid tumors.

Materials and Methods

We performed a prospective study to evaluate the feasibility of application of the FoundationOne CDx panel—which detects substitutions, insertions and deletions, and copy number alterations in 324 genes, select gene rearrangements, and genomic signatures including microsatellite instability and tumor mutation burden (TMB)—to patients with advanced or recurrent solid tumors before its approval in Japan.

Results

A total of 181 samples were processed for genomic testing between September 2018 and June 2019, with data being successfully obtained for 175 of these samples, yielding a success rate of 96.7%. The median turnaround time was 41 days (range, 21–126 days). The most common known or likely pathogenic variants were TP53 mutations (n = 113), PIK3CA mutations (n = 33), APC mutations (n = 32), and KRAS mutations (n = 29). Among the 153 patients assessed for TMB, the median TMB was 4 mutations/Mb, and tumors with a high TMB (≥10 mutations/Mb) were more prevalent for lung cancer (11/32) than for other solid tumor types (9/121, Fisher's exact test p < .01). No clear trend toward increased efficacy for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy or ICI combination chemotherapy in patients with a high programmed cell death–ligand 1 tumor proportion score or a high TMB was apparent. Among the 174 patients found to harbor known or likely pathogenic actionable alterations, 24 individuals (14%) received matched targeted therapy.

Conclusion

The FoundationOne CDx assay was performed with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens with a success rate of >95%. Such testing may inform the matching of patients with cancer with investigational or approved targeted drugs.

Implications for Practice

This prospective cohort study was initiated to investigate the feasibility and utility of clinical application of FoundationOne CDx. A total of 181 samples were processed for genomic testing between September 2018 and June 2019, with data being successfully obtained for 175 of these samples, yielding a success rate of 96.7%, and 24 individuals (14%) received matched targeted therapy.
Reactivity of Ionic Liquids: Reductive Effect of [C4C1im]BF4 to Form Particles of Red Amorphous Selenium and Bi2Se3 from Oxide Precursors
Authors: Knorr Monika , Schmidt Peer
Published: December 2020

Temperature‐induced change in reactivity of the frequently used ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4C1im]BF4) is presented as a prerequisite for the rational screening of reaction courses in material synthesis. [C4C1im]BF4 becomes active with oxidic precursor compounds in reduction reaction at ϑ≥200 °C, even without the addition of an external reducing agent. The reaction mechanism of forming red amorphous selenium from SeO2 is investigated as a model system and can be described similarly to the Riley oxidation. The reactive species but‐1‐ene, which is formed during the decomposition of [C4C1im]BF4, reacts with SeO2 and form but‐3‐en‐2‐one, water, and selenium. Elucidation of the mechanism was achieved by thermoanalytical investigations. The monotropic phase transition of selenium was analyzed by the differential scanning calorimetry. Beyond, the suitability of the single source oxide precursor Bi2Se3O9 for the synthesis of Bi2Se3 particles was confirmed. Identification, characterization of formed solids succeeded by using light microscopy, XRD, SEM, and EDX.
Fourier transform fatigue analysis of the stress in tension/tension of HDPE and PA6
Authors: Hirschberg Valerian , Wilhelm Manfred , Rodrigue Denis
Published: December 2020

Mechanical fatigue under strain controlled tension/tension (T/T) of rectangular un‐notched and notched specimens of high density polyethylene and polyamide 6 was performed. Under large amplitude oscillatory elongation, the stress response is nonlinear asymmetric due to a different stress response during loading and unloading and was analyzed via discrete Fourier transform. Dynamic strain (ε0) sweep tests revealed odd (I3/1 α ε02) and even (I2/1 α ε01) harmonics in the stress, well described by the Neo‐Hooke's law. Before crack onset for the Nc specimens, the storage and loss moduli and I2/1 are constant, but I3/1 increases with fatigue. The first derivative of I3/1 (dI3/1/dN) and the cumulative nonlinearity Qf parameter (integral of I3/1/ε02) were found to be strong criteria predicting fatigue. To break the unnotched specimens in the low and high cycle fatigue regime, large strain amplitudes were applied, resulting for both materials in initial plastic deformation followed by buckling when a critical compression force is exceeded. This results in a different time evolution of the linear and nonlinear parameters, especially as a minimum in the I2/1 curve. Finally, a model is proposed to describe the nonlinear viscoelastic specimen response under T/T and the effect of buckling.
Energetic Alignment‐Related Effect on Carrier Extraction in Organic Photovoltaic Devices with Cathode Conducting Layer
Authors: Chang Jan-Kai , Lin Ding-Lun , Yang Jin-Bin , Yang You-Wei , Tseng Wei-Shiuan , Chen Mei-Hsin
Published: December 2020

The performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices is strongly dependent on the electronic structure at the interface, including energetic offset induced by the electronic coupling of the materials and how the materials link to each other. Herein, the studies on modification of the interface of active layer and cathodes with insertion of carrier selective materials are reported. The thermalization of hot metal diffusion via X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) as well as the energetic offset via ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) in situ is characterized. These investigations allow them to investigate the mechanisms at the interface and correlate these findings with the device performance, such as the correlation between interfacial energy band alignment and charge carrier transport, recombination, and extraction. Finally, the influence of cathode modification materials with various energetic offsets or transport behaviors on Voc and OPV performance parameters is investigated. With these studies, it is suggested that the incorporation of electrode modification materials with energetic favorable band alignment can achieve better photovoltaic performance.
Mixed Spin‐(3/2,7/2) Ising‐Type Ferrimagnet: Monte Carlo–Mean Field Treatment
Authors: De La Espriella Nicolás , Karimou Mounirou , Buendía Gloria M.
Published: December 2020

Mean field and Monte Carlo simulations techniques are applied to study the behavior of a mixed Ising spin model in a square lattice where spins 7/2 are located in alternating sites with spins 3/2. There is an antiferromagnetic interaction between nearest neighbors, ferromagnetic interactions between next‐nearest neighbors, crystal fields, and a magnetic external field. The role of the different interactions in the magnetic behavior of the system is explored. It is found that depending on the combination of parameters in the Hamiltonian this system presents multiple hysteresis loops, exchange bias, compensation temperatures, and discontinuous magnetizations. The results are compared with previous studies that do not include the ferromagnetic next‐nearest neighbor interactions and found that they can have a strong effect in the magnetic behavior of the system.
Impact of the Electron Acceptor Nature on the Durability and Nanomorphological Stability of Bulk Heterojunction Active Layers for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Vohra Varun , Matsunaga Yumi , Takada Tomoaki , Kiyokawa Ayumu , Barba Luisa , Porzio William
Published: December 2020

A systematic study is conducted to compare the performances and stability of active layers employing a high performance electron donor (PBDB‐T) combined with state‐of‐the‐art fullerene (PC71BM), nonfullerene (ITIC), and polymer (N2200) electron acceptors. The impact of the chemical nature of the acceptor on the durability of organic solar cells (OSCs) is elucidated by monitoring their photovoltaic performances under light exposure or dark conditions in the presence of oxygen. PC71BM molecules exhibit a higher resistance toward oxidation compared to nonfullerene acceptors. Unencapsulated PBDB‐T:PC71BM OSCs display relatively stable performances at room temperature when stored in air for 3 months. However, when exposed to temperatures above 80 °C, their active materials demix causing notable reductions in the short‐circuit densities. Such detrimental demixing can also be seen for PBDB‐T:ITIC active layers above 120 °C. Although N2200 chains irreversibly degrade when exposed to air, thermally induced demixing does not occur in PBDB‐T:N2200 active layers annealed up to 200 °C. In summary, fullerene OSCs may be the best currently available choice for unencapsulated room temperature applications but if oxidation of the polymer acceptors can be avoided, all polymer active layers should enable the fabrication of highly durable OSCs with lifetimes matching the requirements for OSC commercialization.
Synergistic Pd Single Atoms, Clusters, and Oxygen Vacancies on TiO2 for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Coupled with Selective Organic Oxidation
Authors: Wang Ting , Tao Xueqin , Li Xiaoli , Zhang Kun , Liu Shoujie , Li Benxia
Published: December 2020

Developing efficient photocatalysts for synchronously producing H2 and high value‐added chemicals holds great promise to enhance solar energy conversion. Herein, a facile strategy of simultaneously engineering Pd cocatalyst and oxygen vacancies (VOs) on TiO2 to promote H2 production coupled with selective oxidation of benzylamine is demonstrated. The optimized PdSA+C/TiO2‐VO photocatalyst containing Pd single atoms (SAs), clusters (C), and VOs exhibits much superior performance to those of TiO2‐VO and PdSA/TiO2‐VO counterparts. The production rates of H2 and N‐benzylidenebenzylamine over PdSA+C/TiO2‐VO are 52.7 and 1.5 times those over TiO2‐VO, respectively. Both experimental and theoretical studies have elucidated the synergistic effect of Pd SAs, clusters, and VOs on TiO2 in boosting the photocatalytic reaction. The presence of Pd SAs facilitates the generation and stabilization of abundant VOs by the formation of PdOTi3+ atomic interface, while Pd clusters promote the photogenerated charge separation and afford the optimum active sites for H2 evolution. Surface VOs of TiO2 guarantee the efficient adsorption and dissociation/activation of reactant molecules. This study reveals the effect of active‐site engineering on the photocatalysis and is expected to shed substantial light on future structure design and modulation of semiconductor photocatalysts.
Nucleic Acid Hybridization‐Based Noise Suppression for Ultraselective Multiplexed Amplification of Mutant Variants
Authors: Zeng Yi , Koo Kevin M. , Shen Ai‐Guo , Hu Ji‐Ming , Trau Matt
Published: December 2020

The analysis of mutant nucleic acid (NA) variants can provide crucial clinical and biological insights for many diseases. Yet, existing analysis techniques are generally constrained by nonspecific “noise” signals from excessive wildtype background sequences, especially under rapid isothermal multiplexed target amplification conditions. Herein, the molecular hybridization chemistry between NA bases is manipulated to suppress noise signals and achieve ultraselective multiplexed detection of cancer gene fusion NA variants. Firstly, modified locked NA (LNA) bases are rationally introduced into oligonucleotide sequences as designed “locker probes” for high affinity hybridization to wildtype sequences, leading to enrichment of mutant variants for multiplexed isothermal amplification. Secondly, locker probes are coupled with a customized “proximity‐programmed” (SERS) readout which allows precise control of hybridization‐based plasmonic signaling to specifically detect multiple target amplicons within a single reaction. Moreover, the use of triple bond Raman reporters endows NA noise signal‐free quantification in the Raman silent region (≈1800−2600 cm−1). With this dual molecular hybridization‐based strategy, ultraselective multiplexed detection of gene fusion NA variants in cancer cellular models is actualized with successful noise suppression of native wildtype sequences. The distinct benefits of isothermal NA amplification and SERS multiplexing ability are simultaneously harnessed.
MPT‐embedding: An unsupervised representation learning of code for software defect prediction
Authors: Shi Ke , Lu Yang , Liu Guangliang , Wei Zhenchun , Chang Jingfei
Published: December 2020

Software project defect prediction can help developers allocate debugging resources. Existing software defect prediction models are usually based on machine learning methods, especially deep learning. Deep learning‐based methods tend to build end‐to‐end models that directly use source code‐based abstract syntax trees (ASTs) as input. They do not pay enough attention to the front‐end data representation. In this paper, we propose a new framework to represent source code called multiperspective tree embedding (MPT‐embedding), which is an unsupervised representation learning method. MPT‐embedding parses the nodes of ASTs from multiple perspectives and encodes the structural information of a tree into a vector sequence. Experiments on both cross‐project defect prediction (CPDP) and within‐project defect prediction (WPDP) show that, on average, MPT‐embedding provides improvements over the state‐of‐the‐art method.