bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Approaches and Challenges Encountered by Primary School Teachers in Managing Inclusive Classrooms
Authors: Tero Debonair C , Revalde Helen O
Published: May 2024

This study assessed how primary education teachers who handle inclusive classrooms utilized the teaching approaches and the challenges they experienced. This descriptive correlation study had 30 purposively selected teacher respondents who answered the researcher-made survey questionnaire containing ten indicators for the teaching approaches used and the ten challenges encountered. The data gathered were treated using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the respondents’ perceptions of their teaching approaches in managing the mainstream classroom in terms of: managing teacher-student interaction were generally positive opinion of the teaching methodologies used to manage teacher-student interaction; classroom conduct and demeanor was diverse; fostering logical development was favorable tendency towards it; and there was a general alignment with constructivist teaching methods but emphasizing opportunities for improvement. The respondents’ perception of the challenges encountered in fulfilling their role in an inclusive education setting highlighted the need for better teacher preparation, curricular adaptation, and inclusive and collaborative education. Targeted professional development, curriculum reform, and stronger parent partnerships could improve inclusive education and help all students succeed academically and socially. There was no significant relationship between teacher-student interactions and fostering logical development, and challenges experienced by the teachers. There was a significant relationship between the classroom conduct and demeanor, implementing a constructivist teaching approach and the challenges experienced by the teachers. It is recommended that educational institutions and policymakers should prioritize inclusive education teacher competency through focused professional development and collaboration among all stakeholders.
A Research-Based Ontology for Collaborative Innovation: A Methodology Leveraging AI and Domain Expert Knowledge
Authors: Kharbat Faten , AlShawabkeh Abdallah , Sharairi Mohammad
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces a method, for creating a research driven ontology to foster collaboration and innovation. The suggested approach combines intelligence (AI) and Expert knowledge to build a comprehensive model encompassing various aspects of research, development and innovation. To demonstrate the feasibility of this method the paper showcases its implementation, in the field of accounting science. First, AI-powered machine learning algorithms and text mining techniques are used to extract the main ontological elements from a large corpus of accounting literature. Subsequently, expert knowledge is utilized to refine and validate these identified elements. The resulting ontology can be used as the foundation of a knowledge-based system to promote collaboration and analyze the state of innovation.
Clinical profile of herpes zoster in human immunodeficiency virus infected at a rural-based tertiary care center
Authors: Budihal Ashwin , Gudikote Madhuri , Periyasamy Saranya , R Vidya
Published: May 2024

Background: Due to the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, which had lainissed within sensory ganglions, herpes zoster (HZ) is typified by unilateral radicular pain and grouped vesicular eruption that is typically restricted to the dermatome innervated by a single spinal or cranial sensory ganglion. It is widely known that reactivation of varicella-zoster virus infection as HZ can cause morbidity in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive host.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical profile of HZ among HIV-positive patients in a rural tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods: A prospective hospital-based study was conducted in a rural tertiary care hospital in Karnataka for duration of 24 months. All patients attending the outpatient department (OPD) of dermatology with clinical features of HZ and post-herpetic complications irrespective of their age and gender were included in the study. Data collection done in a semi-structured questionnaire on patient particulars as well as pre-existing co-morbidities was documented.

Results: A cross-sectional study included 75 HZ patients attending OPD. Among the total 75 HZ patients, 11 were found to be seropositive for HIV infection. Seroprevalence among HZ was 14.6%. Among seropositive patients, the maximum belonged to the age group 41–60 years (63.3%). In the seropositive group, maximum cases (36.4%) occurred during summer while it was in the post monsoon season (39%) in the seronegative group.

Conclusion: It is known that multidermatomal and severe pain is more commonly seen in HIV-infected patients than in the normal population. Many HIV-positive patients can present with a typical presentation of zoster as seen in our study.
MYH9-related diseases in the differential diagnosis of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Horoz Bicer Simge , Orhan Mehmet Fatih
Published: May 2024

Myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9)-related platelet disorders (MYH9-RD) belong to the group of inherited thrombocytopenias
characterized by giant platelets and Döhle bodies. The process leading to the diagnosis of MYH9-RD in a 13-year-old male patient,
followed by the diagnosis of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), is described. The patient had thrombocytopenia
with increased mean platelet volume since he was a little boy. Low CD41, CD42 and CD61 levels were detected in blood tests sent to
complete missing diagnostic tests. Platelet aggregation tests were also abnormal. The requested genetic test revealed a heterozygous
mutation in the MYH9 gene. The patient’s audiogram and kidney functions were normal. In conclusion, because MYH9-RD appears
to be rare, it is of great importance to maintain a high index of suspicion when managing patients diagnosed with chronic ITP.
Additional complaints and findings should be considered at every outpatient clinic examination to make a more accurate diagnosis
and prevent unnecessary treatments.
A study on brain asymmetry in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Bilişli Kara Edibe , Fırat Zeynep , Uluğ Aziz M. , Ekinci Gazanfer , Şehirli Ümit
Published: May 2024

Objective: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) accompanied by hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the most common type of focal epilepsies.
Hemispheric asymmetry is a feature of brain organization in both invertebrates and vertebrates and may be the key to some
neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, we aimed to investigate the volumetric asymmetry difference in cerebral structures
between TLE patients and the healthy control group, based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data that may be used as a new
neuroimaging marker for TLE cases.
Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study the cranial MRIs of fourteen clinically manifesting, radiologically HS-identified,
and diagnosed TLE patients and fourteen healthy individuals from the Radiology Department of Yeditepe University Hospital were
evaluated. Volume measurements and asymmetry index (AI) calculations in the total brain, hippocampus, temporal lobe, amygdala,
thalamus, nucleus accumbens (NAc), premotor cortex, primary and somatosensory cortices were performed using the medical
NeuroQuant® software. A negative AI value represented asymmetry towards the right due to reduced left hemispheric volume; a
positive AI value represented asymmetry towards the left due to reduced right hemispheric volume. Subsequently, differences in
volume and asymmetric patterns were investigated among TLE subgroups (right and left-sided TLE) and controls.
Results: The left-sided TLE patients showed significant bilateral total brain volume reduction compared to the control group. Significant
ipsilateral volumetric declines were also detected in the premotor cortex, the temporal lobe, and NAc with remarkable asymmetry to
the right side. No significant changes were detected in right-sided TLE patients compared to the other groups.
Conclusion: Overall, findings suggest that TLE patients had volumetric alterations with symmetry changes beyond the mesial temporal
structures. With further investigations, the asymmetry measures can provide additional knowledge for TLE diagnosis.
Gezici Anasınıfına ve Bağımsız Anaokuluna Devam Eden 48-66 Aylık Çocukların Dil ve Sosyal Becerileri Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Aslan Hatice Selcen , Bekır Hatice
Published: May 2024

Amaç: Bu araştırma, gezici anasınıfı ve bağımsız anaokuluna devam eden 48-66 aylık çocukların alıcı ve ifade edici dil becerileri ile kişiler arası, sözel açıklama ve dinleme becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi; çocukların okul türüne göre dil becerileri ve sosyal becerileri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Yöntem ve Araçlar: Çalışma grubu; 2018 yılında Ankara’ da gezici anasınıfına devam eden 42 çocuk ile bağımsız bir anaokuluna devam eden 42 çocuktan oluşmaktadır. İlişkisel tarama modeli ile gerçekleştirilen araştırmada çocukların dil becerilerini ölçmek için Türkçe İfade Edici ve Alıcı Dil Testi (TİFALDİ), sosyal becerilerini ölçmek için ise Sosyal Becerileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği (SBDÖ) Kişiler Arası, Sözel Açıklama ve Dinleme Becerileri alt boyutları kullanılmıştır.
Sonuçlar: Araştırma sonucuna göre çocukların ifade edici dil ile alıcı dil becerileri arasında; ifade edici dil becerileri ile kişiler arası becerileri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. İfade edici dil becerileri ve tüm sosyal beceri alt boyutlarında bağımsız anaokuluna giden çocuklar lehine anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu belirlenirken çocukların okul türüne göre alıcı dil becerilerinde bir farklılık olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
A Study of Women Employees' Job Satisfaction in the Telecom Sector with Special Reference to Delhi NCR
Authors:   Nims School of Business Studies, Yadav Dr. Bajrang
Published: May 2024

This research paper investigates the job satisfaction levels among women employees in the telecom sector, focusing particularly on the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR). Job satisfaction is a critical factor influencing employee performance, retention, and overall organizational success. Given the growing importance of gender diversity and inclusion in the workforce, understanding the job satisfaction levels of women employees is essential for fostering a conducive work environment. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, to comprehensively explore various factors affecting job satisfaction among women in the telecom sector. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for organizations to enhance gender diversity and foster a more inclusive workplace culture.
FACIAL EMOTION RECOGNITION SYSTEM
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of CSA, SCSVMV [Deemed to be University], Enathur, Kanchipuram – 631561, India., R SARAVANAN,
Published: May 2024

Face Emotion recognition play a significance role in fields like aid, border management, police work, banking services, and client product. Facial expressions is wide utilized in social communication since they convey heaps of knowledge regarding folks, like moods, emotions, and alternative things. during this paper, we tend to review facial feeling recognition victimisation CNNs and highlight totally different algorithms and their performance impact. Further, we tend to demonstrate that utilizing CNNs during this field - ends up in a considerable performance increase. By forming associate ensemble of recent deep CNNs, we tend to get a FER2013 take a look at accuracy of 91.2%, outperforming previous works while not requiring auxiliary coaching knowledge or face registration. Key Words: Facial Expression, Confusion Matrix, Emotion Optimizer, Haarcascade classifier
Real-Time Human Pose Estimation Using Machine Learning
Authors:   IIMT College of Engineering  Greater Noida UP., Vatsal Prince
Published: May 2024

Human pose estimation is a pivotal domain within computer vision, underpinning applications from motion capture in cinematic production to sophisticated user interfaces in desktop devices. This research delineates the implementation of real-time human pose estimation within web browsers utilizing TensorFlow.js and the PoseNet model. PoseNet, an advanced machine learning model optimized for browser-based execution, facilitates precise pose detection sans specialized hardware. The primary aim of this study is to integrate PoseNet with TensorFlow.js, achieving efficient real-time pose estimation directly in the browser by leveraging JavaScript, thereby ensuring seamless user interaction and broad accessibility. A modular system architecture is designed, focusing on optimization strategies such as model quantization, asynchronous processing, and on-device computation to enhance performance and privacy preservation. In conclusion, this research establishes a robust framework for deploying PoseNet in web environments, underscoring its potential to revolutionize human-computer interaction within browser-based applications. Our findings contribute significantly to the field of computer vision and machine learning, offering insights into the practical deployment of pose estimation models on widely accessible platforms. Keywords — ReaReal-time Pose Estimation, TensorFlow.js, PoseNet, Machine Learning, Computer Vision, Browser-based Pose Detection, Human-Computer Interaction, Multi-person Tracking, On-device Computation, Asynchronous Processing, Cross-browser Compatibility, Performance Optimization, Privacy-preserving AI, Web-based Machine Learning, Motion Capture, Fitness Tracking, Interactive , Virtual Reality Interfaces, Deep LearningLearning
Design and Fabrication of Double disk Lapping Machine for Gudgeon Pin
Authors:   K.K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and Research, Nashik, B.G Prof. . Patil
Published: May 2024

An engineer is always focused towards challenges of bringing ideas and concepts to life. Therefore, sophisticated machines and modern techniques have to be constantly developed and implemented for economical manufacturing of products. Advanced researches approaches a topic of actuality in the machine manufacturing field, by combining the modern trends in the manufacturing processes (surfaces’ lapping) in processing some special materials (ceramics, composites) in conditions of minimum cost/ maximum quality, with modern technologies. Machine lapping is meant for economic lapping of batch qualities. In machine lapping, where high accuracy is demanded. Bonded abrasives in the form wheel are chosen for commercial lapping. Machine lapping can also employ abrasive paper or abrasive cloth as the lapping medium. New machines and techniques are being developed continuously to manufacture various products at cheaper rates and high quality. So, we are going to make a machine for Double Disc Lapping Machine and make it multipurpose & should be used as Micro Finishing machine is simple to maintain easy to operate. Hence, we tried our hands on “Double Disc Lapping Machine.” Lapping machine is one of the principal machines in industry. It is mainly used as the name indicates to micro polishing the material surfaces. Keywords: Micro Finishing, Lapping, both sides, low-cost machine
Review: Multiple Objects Detection and Tracking using Deep Learning Approach
Authors:   Department of Information Technology  VPKBIET, Baramati, India, Ghodake Abhijit
Published: May 2024

Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) is a crucial tool with diverse applications, such as object detection, object counting, and security systems. Precise identification and monitoring of numerous objects are essential in several computer vision uses, such as monitoring, self-driving cars, and computer-human communication. Very little has been done to address occlusion problems in order to enable the best moving object tracking with detection The tracking of visual objects is one of the most important components of computer vision. The process of tracking an object (or a group of objects) across time is called object tracking. Visual object tracking is used to identify or link target items over successive video frames. In this study, we analyze the tracking-by-detection strategy, which includes YOLO-based detection and SORT-based tracking. This work elucidates a general approach to tracking and recognizing many objects with an emphasis on accuracy improvement. We aim to revolutionize computer vision by applying Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) and Intersection over Union (IoU) approaches, and by combining the state-of-the-art YOLO NAS algorithm with conventional tracking methods or an alternative version of the YOLO Algorithm for object identification. It is expected that our work will have a major impact on many different applications, enabling more precise and reliable object tracking and detection in difficult real-world scenarios. Keywords—Multiple Object Detection, Kalman Filters Multiple Object Tracking, DeepSORT, YOLO, IoU, NMS.
EXPLORING THE EXPERIENCE OF WOMEN LEADERS IN BREAKING GENDER BARRIERS ON ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS LEADERSHIP IN INDONESIA
Authors: Numan Muhammad , Ghofur Salsabila Abdul , Mumtaz Muhammad Fayyaz
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to explore the experiences of women leaders in breaking gender barriers within the Islamic boarding schools’ leadership in Indonesia. In more specific, this study would identify the factors that have enabled them to overcome the barriers that have traditionally limited the participation of women in leadership roles, specific at this type of Islamic educational institution. A qualitative case study design was employed, and in-depth interviews were conducted with seven participants. The findings revealed that the participants faced a range of barriers, including patriarchal attitudes, lack of access to education, and lack of support from family and community. However, despite these barriers, the participants were able to overcome them and could ‘successfully’ manage to lead the pesantren through utilizing their agency, building networks of support, and most importantly by challenging the patriarchal norms. The findings of this study have important implications for promoting gender equality in Islamic boarding schools and similar patriarchal institutions. This research highlights the need to challenge patriarchal attitudes and policies and to provide women with access to education and support networks. Additionally, this research also emphasizes the need to recognize and address the ways in which different forms of oppression intersect and compound to create unique challenges for marginalized individuals, particularly women leaders in Islamic boarding schools.
Editorial for JEC Volume 3 Issue 1 (2024)
Authors: Semerikov Serhiy O.
Published: May 2024

This editorial introduces the first issue of the third volume of the Journal of Edge Computing (JEC). It provides an overview of the five articles featured in this issue, which cover diverse applications of edge computing technologies in domains such as cybersecurity, healthcare, and distributed systems. The first article summarizes the 4th Edge Computing Workshop (doors 2024), highlighting research advances in edge computing. The second article proposes an LSTM-based model for detecting cyber attacks in IoT systems using the CIC-IoT2023 dataset. The third article presents a machine-learning model for classifying respiratory system sounds to aid in the early diagnosis of respiratory diseases. The fourth article describes an IoT system that analyzes environmental data using geolocation to generate alerts about potential health risks. The fifth article explores the use of telemetry for dynamic analysis of distributed systems to identify architectural smells and anomalies. The editorial highlights the potential of edge computing technologies in addressing various challenges and expresses gratitude to the authors, reviewers, and editorial team for their contributions.
Development and evaluation of an inactivated Chikungunya virus vaccine
Authors: Bharati Kaushik
Published: May 2024

Background: Chikungunya (CHIK) is a debilitating viral disease that can result in high levels of morbidity and, sometimes, even mortality.It is caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which belongs to the Togaviridae family. Chikungunya disease is characterized by a triadof symptoms: fever, rash, and joint pain. It is generally treated with painkillers and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Chikungunya is a vaccine-preventable disease and various vaccine platforms are being used, including recombinant protein subunit,live-attenuated, inactivated, viral vector, virus-like particles (VLPs), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Objective: The inactivated (killed)virus platform is one of the safest, as there is no chance of reversion to the wild-type virus. Since this uses a traditional vaccine platform,its efficacy and safety are time-tested. Therefore, the study was aimed at developing an inactivated vaccine against CHIKV. Methods:Chikungunya virus was isolated from 53 sera samples. These were then purified, cloned, and sequenced. The 53 isolates were narroweddown to five CHIKV isolates cultured in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells. The fastest growing isolate was used as the candidatevaccine. It was inactivated using three chemicals – β-propiolactone (BPL), formaldehyde, and binary ethyleneimine (BEI). These wereformulated with and without Mycobacterium w (Mw) and used for immunization of Balb/c mice to evaluate the immunogenicity ofthese formulations. The neutralizing antibody titers were estimated using the plaque reduction neutralization test with a 50% end-point(PRNT50). Results: Purification, cloning and sequencing of the samples confirmed that these were indeed CHIKV isolates. Cell culture ofthe isolates revealed that five isolates grew better than the rest. The isolate AHD4 grew the fastest and was chosen as the candidatevaccine. It was formulated with BPL, formaldehyde, and BEI, with and without Mw. The six formulations were tested for immunogenicityin eight Balb/c mice in each group. The BEI-inactivated CHIKV formulated with Mw elicited the highest neutralizing antibody response.Conclusion: The BEI-inactivated CHIKV formulated with Mw is the best candidate vaccine that could be taken forward for furtherevaluation in rhesus monkeys
Emerging role of melatonin in the alleviation of ischemic heart disease: A comprehensive review
Authors: Chakraborty Souradipta , Khatoon Razia , Chattopadhyay Aindrila , Bandyopadhyay Debasish
Published: May 2024

Melatonin, a circardian biomolecule exerts cardioprotective effects through its ability to directly scavenge free radicals and to indirectly act as an antioxidant. It has biological functions such as anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, antioxidant activity, mitochondrial protection, and controlling the production of cytokines by target cells. Melatonin also showed blood pressure lowering, normalising lipid profiles, and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Melatonin plays critical roles in averting oxidative stress, enhancing autophagic cell repair, modulating immunological and inflammatory responses, improving mitochondrial function, and reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in cardiomyocytes. The absence of these cardioprotective properties due to low melatonin levels may be linked to an array of cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease. As a result, administration of melatonin is anticipated to have a clinically important role in the management of ischemic heart disease; an assertion backed by melatonin's low toxicity and high safety. Therefore, the evidence gathered in this review should provide comprehensive information on melatonin's effect in cardioprotection and, perhaps, contribute to the planning of future experimental studies.
Tocotrienol supplementations ameliorate oxidative stress in thalamus of rats exposed to low-to-moderate doses of ethanol
Authors: Dasari Pitchaiah , Kaushik Raghavendra  , P. Nayak
Published: May 2024

Background: Functional deterioration of thalamic structures has been reported in many occasions of ethanol-induced neurodegeneration. Neuroprotective role of Tocotrienol (T3) is well established along with its antioxidant property. Interaction of oral T3 supplementation modalities with the thalamic oxidative stress parameters were studied in low-to-moderate doses of ethanol (Et) exposures. Materials and Methods: Four phase of experiments were carried out with nil (Et-0) and three doses of Et exposures (Et-I, Et-II and Et-III) for 4 weeks. In each phase, 4 groups of Wistar rats were maintained with sham supplementation (NT3), prior supplementation (PT3), simultaneous supplementation (ST3) and total supplementation (TT3) with T3 for 6 weeks. Thalamic levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were estimated. Results: Two-way ANOVA demonstrated that all the thalamic GSH and LPO were significantly influenced by the modalities of T3 supplementation. However, low-to-moderate doses of Et exposures contributed significantly in alterations of only LPO level of thalamus. Conclusion: Out of the tested modalities, best protection in terms of oxidative stress was observed when prior and simultaneous supplementation modalities were combined (TT3).
Advanced nutritional research from a physiological standpoint
Authors: Dhar Pubali
Published: May 2024

Recent years have witnessed profound advancements in nutritional research, particularly when viewed through the lens of physiology. Scientists and researchers persistently delve into the intricate interplay between nutrients and the human body. This ongoing exploration has yielded a nuanced understanding of how dietary components intricately influence human health. Some key advances include: Microbiome Research, Precision or personalised Nutrition, Epigenetic and Nutrigenomics, Metabolic Flexibility, Intermittent Fasting and time-restricted eating, Nutrient timing, Dietary influences on mental health, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Role of inflammation, Advanced Imaging Techniques, Nutri-informatics, etc.
The school as a place learning ecosystem – Participatory evaluation of the boundary conditions: the case of the IIS Amaldi.
Authors:   University of Rome Tor Vergata - Dip. SPFS, Giovannella Carlo , Autiero Maria Rosaria
Published: May 2024

The community pact is a tool potentially capable of fostering the development of place learning ecosystems and communities with a variable territorial size (from an urban district to a city or a region). The realisation of such potential is, however, subjected to an adequate understanding of the boundary conditions, investigated in this paper through a participatory evaluation process. The outcomes of such an evaluation process show that teachers and parents tend to develop different visions of how schools can act as a territorial presidium, although both expect that it is exclusively focused on the needs of the students, rather than those of the territory. The perception of an increased level of school smartness over the last seven years, in fact, has induced a strong sense of belonging to the school community in all the stakeholders – students, teachers, and parents – which has not been accompanied by an equally strong sense of belonging to the territory of reference. The significant increase in the perceived smartness of the learning ecosystem does not seem a sufficient condition, even in the presence of the formal stipulation of a community pact, to push the development of an educating community capable of interacting in a capillary manner with all components of a territory that is characterized by elements of strong degradation. Even the establishment of a territorial presidium having the school as a pole of attraction requires a long work of confrontation, sharing, co-planning, and assumption of co-responsibility to integrate the different points of view emerging from the participatory evaluation process.
THE EXTENT OF UNDERSTANDING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS OF SAN MARIANO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Tarun Jessabel Dumelod
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to determine the extent of understanding and implementing disaster risk management at San Mariano National High School. The Participatory School Disaster Management Toolkit, created by Save the Children as a contribution to the implementation of Comprehensive School Safety Pillar 2—School Disaster Management—was the data source for quantitative research, which employed the descriptive-evaluative method. The San Mariano National High School's understanding and implementation of disaster risk management were examined using the mean and standard deviation. A Likert scale was employed to gauge the level of understanding and implementation. Considering the results, although the faculty and staff of San Mariano National High School do not belong to the disaster risk reduction management council, programs and activities for disaster risk reduction are executed successfully. The results also showed that faculty and staff understand and participate in disaster risk reduction, response, and preparedness. However, many faculty members and staff encountered difficulties putting these programs into practice, so they were advised to develop a more comprehensive disaster risk reduction management plan that would meet the needs of the school, maintain and upgrade DRR programs, add more members to the DRR organization, purchase and identify facilities and equipment for emergencies, and finally regularly review and assess the implementation of disaster risk reduction programs to achieve very well-implemented DRRM programs.
Homeodynamics versus homeostasis: periodicities superimposed on non-linear dynamic sympathetic tone generated in ventral medulla
Authors: Trzebski Andrzej
Published: May 2024

Homeodynamics based on theories of complexity and chaos and its impact on mechanisms generating sympathetic activity are presented. Activity in rats cervical, lumbar and renal sympathetic nerves was analyzed. In time domain glutamate stimulation of neurons within medullary periambigual area (PAA) disturbed temporal pattern of respiratory-sympathetic synchronization. Divalent calcium antagonists, Co2+ and Mg2+, blockers of synaptic transmission, uncoupled respiratory oscillator and sympathetic activity. PAA neurons act as an interphase between different subsets of respiratory neurons and bulbospinal sympathoexcitatory neurons in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). In frequency domain sympathetic activity analyzed by FFT algorithm and power density spectra (PDS) exhibited periodicities at the range from 0.4 Hz to 7.5 Hz. Blockers of synaptic transmission microinjected bilaterally into RVLM reduced total power exhibited in PDS to low level of magnitude generated in spinal cord and increased total, yet non-synchronized sympathetic activity and arterial blood pressure. A two component hybrid model of generation of sympathetic activity was proposed: a tone-generating system confined mainly to intrinsic activity of RVLM pacemaker neurons responsible for chaos-like discharges and a second component - ­neuronal circuits superimposed on tone-generating neurons and shaping the pattern of PDS. Contribution of spinal cord oscillatory mechanism to overall power of sympathetic periodicities was discussed.
Cerebellar abnormality in autism: a nonspecific effect of early brain damage?
Authors: Ciesielski Kristina , Knight Jeanne
Published: May 2024

Cerebellum may be a common site of developmental abnormalities due to its protracted course of maturation. Recent studies have implicated morphological deviations of the cerebellum as responsible for specific behavioral and cognitive manifestations of autism. We investigated neuropsychology and quantitative MRI of the cerebellum in both high functioning subjects with autism and survivors of childhood leukemia treated with radiation and intrathecal chemotherapy. The results of neuropsychological testing revealed different patterns of cognitive deficits for the two groups, while the abnormal cerebellar morphology was similar for both groups. Since it is suggested that the cerebellum contributes to motor-attentional subsystems, the present data provide support for a cerebellar role in the governance of higher cognitive functions, found to be abnormal in both groups. However, the abnormal macromorphology of the cerebellar vermis described here appears to be non-specific to autism.
Individual differences in the functional asymmetry of the human brain
Authors: Grabowska Anna , Herman Anna , Nowicka Anna , Szatkowska Iwona , Szeląg Elżbieta
Published: May 2024

Standard models of hemispheric asymmetry assume the dichotomous division of functional competence between the two hemispheres. Individual subjects, however, often do not fit such prototypical patterns and show great variation with respect to the functional differentiation of their hemispheres. The present paper reviews the results of some our investigations on the effect of various subject related factors on brain lateralization. Among these individual experience, gender and handedness seem to be of most significance.
Behaviour-related effects of physostigmine on the rat visual evoked potential
Authors: Bringmann Andreas
Published: May 2024

The present study compares behaviour-dependent and physostigmine-induced changes of the visual evoked potential (VEP) in unrestrained rats to provide further indications on the role of acetylcholine in the behavioural VEP modulation. On 30 rats the VEPs on the pial surface of the primary visual cortex were investigated during five spontaneous behavioural states. Physostigmine, carbachol and nicotine were intraperitoneally applied on 7 rats. Several VEP parameters were found changing in dependence of the arousal level: the VEP latency, the amplitude of the second negative component (N41), and the voltage of the positive component between 60 and 80 ms after the light flash. Physostigmine caused amplitude alterations like during high arousal states. The VEP latency, however, was altered in an opposite way. Nicotine specifically altered the N41 amplitude whereas carbachol delayed the latency of the VEP. The second negative component (N41) is assumed cholinergic ally modulated. Moreover, the negative component between 60 and 80 ms latency that emerged in high arousal states may be cholinergic ally generated and may represent a marker of the activation degree of the cholinergic system.
Cholinergic manipulations and passive avoidance in the rat: effects on acquisition and recall
Authors: Wilson W. , Cook Jennifer
Published: May 2024

A review of the literature concerning cholinergic manipulations and passive avoidance reveals that state-dependency is usually not controlled adequately, nor is acquisition of the passive avoidance task ascertained before retention is tested. These problems make interpretation of results difficult. We report three experiments on 129 rats, controlling both of these factors, in which scopolamine and pilocarpine impaired both acquisition and retention of a passive avoidance response. Lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis had no effect on this task. The results suggest that an optimal level of central cholinergic activity exists for learning and memory, and that deviations from this optimal level impair acquisition and retention.
Memory impairment in patients with stereotaxic lesions to the hippocampus and amygdala
Authors: Grabowska Anna , Łuczywek Elżbieta , Fersten Ewa , Herman Anna , Szatkowska Iwona
Published: May 2024

The study aimed at testing: (1) whether stereotaxic damage to the hippocampus and amygdala results in a memory deficit, (2) whether the memory functions subserved by the hippocampus are lateralized and (3) whether time limited storage of sensory information is impaired after focal hippocampal and amygdalar lesions. Seven patients with unilateral stereotaxic damage to the anterior part of hippocampus and unilateral or bilateral damage to the medial part of amygdala and 11 control subjects with no brain damage participated in the research. They were presented with memory tests that required either remembering a spatial arrangement of simultaneously presented verbal vs. nonverbal stimuli or a temporal order of sequentially presented items. Moreover, a sensory information storage test was used. The results indicate that even small damage limited to the anterior part of the hippocampus and medial part of the amygdala results in a mild memory deficit. Memory impairment was not related to the side of hippocampal lesion. This suggests that memory function subserved by the hippocampus is not lateralized. Differential effects of left and right lobectomies found in previous studies were, thus, probably due to the damage to temporal cortex. The results showed, however, that sensory information storage limited to 3 s is not impaired after focal damage to the hippocampus and amygdala. A clear lateralization effect showing right hemisphere advantage in that function was found.
Pineal function during aging: attenuation of the melatonin rhythm and its neurobiological consequences
Authors: Reiter Russel
Published: May 2024

The pineal hormone melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger. In particular, it quenches what is generally considered the most toxic and damaging free radical produced in the organism, the hydroxyl radical (.OH). Melatonin production in the pineal gland declines progressively with age such that in old animals and elderly humans the levels of melatonin available to the organism are a fraction of that of young individuals. A prominent theory of aging claims that the anatomical and functional degeneration that organs undergo during aging is a consequence of accumulated free radical damage. This being so, melatonin may well play a significant role in aging processes. If the drop in melatonin which normally occurs as animals age could be prevented, perhaps the aging process would also be delayed. Also, supplemental administration of melatonin may be beneficial in delaying age-related degenerative conditions. Certainly, free radical damage has been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative disorders. Theoretically, melatonin administration may forestall these as well.
Serotonin and melatonin in the iris/ciliary processes and their involvement in intraocular pressure
Authors: Osborne Neville
Published: May 2024

From the evidence available it is clear that melatonin and serotonin receptors exist in the iris/ciliary processes of the rabbit. These receptors may be involved in maintaining the intraocular pressure (IOP). However, the published results on this point are often contradictory, perhaps because of the variation in the species of animals used and the methodology employed. It is also clear that the data obtained from studies on the rabbit cannot be directly applied to man. Nevertheless, present information points to the possibility that drugs influencing specific serotonin and/or melatonin receptors may be used to influence IOP in man and thus have a therapeutic effect.
Histamine in the central nervous system: its role in circadian rhythmicity
Authors: Nowak Jerzy
Published: May 2024

Histamine is an accepted neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator in the central nervous system (CNS). Its neuronal system in the brain is well organized, with cell bodies localized in a small area of the posterior hypothalamus. Diverse biological actions of histamine are mediated via three classes of receptors termed H1, H2, and H3. The existence of other histamine receptor subtypes is likely in invertebrates or in birds. This article surveys basic data indicative of a neuroregulator role of histamine in the CNS; it also presents accumulating evidence suggesting that histamine may be related to circadian rhythmicity in the body.
Central activity of peptide Gly-Pro-Hyp - the main component of collagen degradation products mixture
Authors: Wiśniewski Konstanty , Artemowicz Barbara , Lutostañska Anna , Maćkowiak Józef , Koziołkiewicz Wiktor
Published: May 2024

The effect of tripeptide Gly-Pro-Hyp on the central nervous system was studied. The peptide Gly-Pro-Hyp is a main component of the mixture of collagen type I degradation products obtained by 6-h digestion with bacterial collagenase. The investigated peptide in the doses 1 microgram, 2 micrograms, and 5 micrograms significantly reduces the psychomotor activity of animals, intensifies haloperidol-induced catalepsy and enhances stereotypy behaviour after apomorphine administration. The central activity of Gly-Pro-Hyp is similar to the action of collagen degradation products mixture. This suggests that this peptide may be the active substance responsible for the effects of degradation products of collagen type I.
Impact of professional dance training on characteristics of postural sway
Authors: Błaszczyk Janusz W. , Fredyk Artur
Published: May 2024

The stability of human upright posture determines the range and dynamics of movements performed. Consequently, the repertoire and quality of the movements performed by a dancer are mainly determined by the efficiency of postural control. This is of particular importance in professional dance training that should focus on shaping optimal movement‑posture interaction. To get a deeper insight into this problem, the impact of the training on postural sway characteristics during quiet stance was analyzed in 16 female students in the seventh grade of a ballet school and compared with the size‑ and age‑matched group of secondary school students. Center of pressure trajectories were recorded for 25.6 s while standing quiet with eyes open (EO) and then with eyes closed (EC). The assessment of postural control was based on novel normalized sway parameters including sway vector (SV), sway anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directional indices (DIAP and DIML), and sway ratios (SRAP and SRML). The results document a significant contribution of vision to postural stability control in ballet students, which seems to compensate for training‑related changes in joint mobility and altered activity ranges of the legs’ muscles. In the control group standing with EC, SV amplitude increased only by 18% whereas in the ballet students tested in the same conditions, the increase exceeded 72%. Under full control of standing posture (EO test), the training‑related increase of leg muscle forces allows dancers to maintain balance with lesser effort as documented here by 21% reduced SRAP. Additionally, the dancers while tested with their EC exhibited a 12% increase in the anteroposterior sway with a concomitant reduction of the mediolateral sway. The resulting changes in the postural control asymmetry were documented by both DIAP/DIML and SV azimuth. In conclusion, our novel analysis of postural sway seems a useful tool in monitoring the effects of trainingas well as the proper course of postural control development in children and adolescents.
The Research of Artificial Intelligence in Richard Powers’ Novel Galatea 2.2: Focusing on Helen’s Characteristic Language Aspects, Terms of Address and Metaphorical Language Expressions concerning Emotion
Authors:   The Academy of Real Korean History, Park Hwanyoung
Published: May 2024

Richard Power’s novel Galatea 2.2 presents the task and prospect of Artificial Intelligence’s language although the novel is based on story-telling and the author’s imagination. In particular, it is worth to note not only terms of address and terms of reference but also terms of body concerning Artificial Intelligence Helen. She is mostly addressed by her first name (Helen) and other terms such as machine, apparatus, bag of networks, fancy tin-can telephone, distributed process, multidimentional shape, etc.
Also, Artificial Intelligence Helen is a symbol of A (a twenty-two year old woman and post-graduate student) and imitating A, some terms like ‘a gifted cockatiel’ and ‘twin’ are used for Helen in terms of reference. In comparison, Rick is addressed in various ways, that is first name, surname, affectionate names and other nicknames.
In addition, Artificial Intelligence Helen has no nose, mouth or fingers and only she has partially functioning eyes and ears. Thus Helen is not able to fully understand metaphorical language expressions concerning emotion. For instance, in some expressions like ‘your stomach in knots’, ‘embarrasment shrinks you’, or ‘amazement strikes you dead’. Helen could not feel the meanings and thus she has a lack of knowledge in similar linguistic circumstances.
Lastly, Artificial Intelligence Helen is Imp. H. It means that Helen has been evolved from Imp. A, Imp. B, Imp. C, and so on. So the shut down of herself in the novel suggests and hints at the revival of a new version of Artificial Intelligence may be named “Galatea 3.3”.
Análisis del adecuado manejo integral de residuos sólidos: estudio del sector Sagrado Corazón, Quevedo
Authors: Intriago Veliz Leidy Silvana , Cárdenas Córdova Ana Elizabeth , Arellano Fuentes Celia María , San Andrés Merizalde Elvia Brigith
Published: May 2024

El manejo de los residuos sólidos es uno de los principales problemas ambientales, su gestión implica grandes esfuerzos para su progresiva disminución; la presente investigación se planteó analizar los componentes socioeconómicos y de la generación per cápita de los residuos sólidos en los hogares del sector Sagrado Corazón, Quevedo, se aplicó encuestas a los habitantes del sector, las variables que se utilizaron para la recolección de las muestras fueron residuos sólidos orgánicos e inorgánicos ( plásticos, vidrio, cartón). Se involucro a todos los habitantes de sector para la realización de las encuestas y recolección de las muestras. Para la caracterización de los residuos se hizo separando los residuos orgánicos e inorgánicos (plástico, vidrio, cartón) luego se procedió a su respectivo pesaje, se realizó dos muestreo en la cual dio un resultado de 2478.159 kilogramos de residuos que generan los ciudadanos lo que significa que Per cápita es igual 0.763 kg/persona/día, esto se lo calculo dividiendo el total de los residuos generados durante los dos muestreo por el número de habitantes del sector y por el número de días que se realizó el muestreo. Se evidencio que la población está dispuesta a aprender sobre el correcto manejo de los residuos que generan en sus hogares.
How does understanding scripture prepare for evangelization?
Authors: Tan Paulus Satyo Istandar
Published: May 2024

Preachers as servants who are given the task of conveying the word of God must have a strong understanding of the verses to be conveyed, so that there will be no mistakes or multiple interpretations in their preaching. The purpose of this study is to provide a deeper understanding of the Word of God so that we can communicate it with power and relevance in our daily lives. This research utilizes a qualitative method. This method involves analyzing the theology contained in the biblical text, including the study of theological concepts such as grace, justice, salvation, and others. Data collection techniques were conducted through in-depth analytical analysis of the biblical text itself. The study concluded that the call to serve others, build inclusive communities, and trust in God's active work in bringing salvation to His people are at the core of Christianity. So it is important to live the Christian faith with dedication, loyalty, and love for God and others, thus strengthening the vertical relationship with God and horizontal with fellow humans in realizing grace and justice in the world.