bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocimum basilicum L. Seeds Quality as Submitted to Saline Stress and Salicylic Acid
Authors: Silva Toshik Iarley da , Nóbrega Jackson Silva , Figueiredo Francisco Romário Andrade , Sousa Leonardo Vieira de , Ribeiro João Everthon da Silva , Bruno Riselane De Lucena Alcantara , Dias Thiago Jardelino , De Albuquerque Manoel Bandeira
Published: April 2018

The quality of the seeds is of great importance for the cultivation of plants, however, the quality can be altered by the abiotic effects, amongst such, saline stress. Salinity is one of the great obstacles faced by modern agriculture, however, alternatives have been researched to mitigate its effects, where it is possible to mention the use of salicylic acid. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) seeds cultivated using applications of salicylic acid to attenuate the irrigation water salinity. The experimental design was a completely randomized complete block design in incomplete factor scheme, with five conductivities for irrigation water (0.5, 1.3, 3.25, 5.2, 6.0 dS m-1) and five salicylic acid doses (0.0, 0.29, 1.0, 1.71 and 2.0 mM), with five and four replicates, respectively. The electrical conductivity presented an effect on germination, while the salicylic acid presented an effect on the germination speed index, emergence speed index, shoot length, root and seedling length, and seedlings dry mass. The highest correlations were obtained amongst the germination variables. Therefore, it is possible to affirm that salicylic acid can be used up to the dose of 1.0 mM with no further damage to basil seeds’ quality.
Specific Management Areas as a Function of Dendrometric Properties of Eucalyptus and Physical-Chemical Attributes in an Oxisol
Authors: Galindo Fernando S. , Montanari Rafael , Martins Mayara M. , Meirelles Flávia C. , Ludkiewicz Mariana G. Z. , Silva Yane De F. da , Santos Patrick L. F. dos , Silva Vinicius M. , Modenese Valéria Da S.
Published: April 2018

Eucalyptus cultivation has expanded considerably in Brazil, especially in regions where soils have low fertility, as in the Brazilian Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah). In order to achieve high yield, it is necessary to know the appropriate time and place to perform the soil management, and to assist in this decision-making process, mathematical and computational models has been used and are a promising alternative. The objective of this study was to model the influence of plant and soil physical-chemical attributes on Eucalyptus camaldulensis cultivation in an Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho distrófico), with clayey texture with the purpose of demonstrating specific management areas closely associated with eucalyptus development. An experimental grid of approximately 2 hectares (ha) containing 40 sampling points were installed and later soil and plant attributes were collected for the determination of physical and chemical attributes in the 0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m layers in Selvíria, MS, Brazil. The results were analyzed using classical and geostatistical statistics. The spatial dependence varied according to the physical attribute evaluated and the depth of sampling. In addition to the vertical variability, there was also horizontal variability between depths, since for the same attribute the range was different between the sampled layers.
Effect of Polyolefin Film and Light Transition Film on the Growth of Lettuce
Authors: Xu Lei , Yu Lijun , Jiang Xizhi , Zhao Yongfu , Xia Liru
Published: April 2018

In this study, effects of polyolefin(PO) film and light transition film on the growth of lettuce were investigated compared with ethylene-vinylacetate (EVA, antifogging, no drops and longevity type) film covering. Results showed that the temperature and humidity in greenhouse covered with PO film and light transition film were significantly increased. The average temperature in the greenhouse was 4 oC higher than outdoor temperature. The average illumination intensity in the greenhouse covered with PO film was 293.22 umol m-2 s-1, light transmittance was 80.37%, the average illumination intensity in the greenhouse covered with EVA film was 193.04 umol m-2 s-1, light transmittance was 52.91%. Compared with the common film, light transmittance of the PO film was significantly increased. Light transition film increased the chlorophyll content of lettuce by changing the element of the sunlight and increased production of vegetables. PO film and light transition film display a good application prospective in the production of vegetables.
Comparison of Safflower Cultivation in Two Seasons in the South of Brazil
Authors: Sampaio Marinez Carpiski , Santos Reginaldo Ferreira , Oliveira Paulo Sérgio Rabello de , Bassegio Doglas , Moraes Rego Carlos Augusto Rocha de , Silveira Lucas Da , Costa Bruna Penha , Mattei Eloisa , Herrera Juan López de
Published: April 2018

The objective of this work was to evaluate the production components, grain yield and safflower character correlations as a function of two sowing seasons (autumn and winter). Safflower culture was implanted in 2014 in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The evaluation of safflower crop occurred in two seasons of the year, with the first growing season being characterized by sowing on April 30, 2014 (autumn), and the second growing season on July 30, 2014 (winter). The evaluations occur when the plants showed a 50% flowering and the following determination: plant height, number of branches per plant and chapters, stem diameter, dry weight of the stalk, dry mass of the branches dry mass of chapters and mass dry roots, grain yield, oil content and oil productivity. Growth stations were compared at 5% probability of error by the Student t test. For the study of correlations, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient matrix (r) was estimated between the characters by means of the Student’s t-test, with a 5% probability of error. Except for the oil content and number of branches, safflower characters were benefited by early sowing in autumn. Safflower cultivated in autumn produced 3,820 kg ha-1 and in winter yielded 2,068 kg ha-1. For the early cultivation of autumn, the characters have greater correlation, favored by the climatic conditions. Grain and oil productivity obtained correlation higher than 97% in both seasons.
Violence, Criminal Subjection and Political Merchandise in Brazil: An Overview from Rio
Authors: Misse Michel
Published: April 2018

The author examines the main dimensions of urban violence in the case of Rio de Janeiro, which includes criminal prosecution of violent collective actors and the participation of policemen in the offer of "political merchandise" to the same actors that the police repress.
Public Security and Policy Networks in Brazil
Authors: Costa Arthur Trindade M.
Published: April 2018

This article discussed the problems of governance of the policy networks in Brazilian public security field. After distinguished the concepts of police, policing and policy, we will describe the constitution of public security networks on two issues concerning the residents of Brasilia, the Brazil’s capital: crime-related problems in schools and deaths in the traffic. Then, we will discuss the nature and the challenges of policy networks and evaluate the governance capacity of the Brazilian Secretariats of Public Security (SSP’s). We conclude that there is poor governance capacity due to the historical functions of SSP’s.
Évaluer l’effet de professionnels dans une activité collaborative au service de l’accompagnement de l’orientation des étudiants. Une entrée en animatique des groupes par l’étude des conflits socio-cognitifs.
Authors: DERNAT Sylvain , VERCHERE Amandine , JOHANY François , SIMEONE Arnaud , LARDON Sylvie
Published: April 2018

L’évaluation de dispositif collaboratif d’accompagnement est un élément sensible qui interroge notamment l’effet des accompagnants. La littérature scientifique s’est notamment appuyée sur la notion de conflit socio-cognitif pour étayer cette perspective. Dans cet article, nous étudions le cas spécifique du déroulement d’un dispositif collaboratif visant à favoriser l’orientation d’étudiant vétérinaires, avec la collaboration d’enseignants et de praticiens. L’évaluation mixte proposée du processus et de ces effets éclaire sur le rôle de ces professionnels, dans une perspective d’animatique des groupes. L’asymétrie de statuts, les rôles définis, le maintien d’un climat social propre à la génération d’un conflit socio-cognitif apparaissent comme essentiels dans tout dispositif d’accompagnement.
Évaluation des enseignements de formations continues diplômantes : enjeux de reconnaissance et de collaboration entre les parties prenantes
Authors: MOTTIER LOPEZ Lucie , LENZEN Benoît , LEUTENEGGER Francia , RONVEAUX Christophe
Published: April 2018

Par le moyen d’une recherche participative, cet article interroge l’évaluation des enseignements par les étudiants dans des formations continues diplômantes dispensées dans un institut universitaire de formation des enseignants en Suisse. La recherche examine le point de vue de plusieurs acteurs, parties prenantes des programmes concernés et de leur évaluation. Certains de ces acteurs sont co-auteurs de l’article. Les résultats examinent le rapport des acteurs à l’outil standard utilisé pour évaluer les enseignements, ainsi que les différentes formes de reconnaissance qu’ils expriment par rapport aux enjeux de professionnalisation des programmes. Ce faisant, la recherche éclaire différents enjeux de collaboration qui se nouent autour de cette évaluation et, plus largement, des programmes de formation.
IRS-1 acts as an endocytic regulator of IGF-I receptor to facilitate sustained IGF signaling
Authors: Yoneyama Yosuke , Lanzerstorfer Peter , Niwa Hideaki , Umehara Takashi , Shibano Takashi , Yokoyama Shigeyuki , Chida Kazuhiro , Weghuber Julian , Hakuno Fumihiko , Takahashi Shin-Ichiro
Published: April 2018

Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) preferentially regulates the long-term IGF activities including growth and metabolism. Kinetics of ligand-dependent IGF-IR endocytosis determines how IGF induces such downstream signaling outputs. Here, we find that the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)−1 modulates how long ligand-activated IGF-IR remains at the cell surface before undergoing endocytosis in mammalian cells. IRS-1 interacts with the clathrin adaptor complex AP2. IRS-1, but not an AP2-binding-deficient mutant, delays AP2-mediated IGF-IR endocytosis after the ligand stimulation. Mechanistically, IRS-1 inhibits the recruitment of IGF-IR into clathrin-coated structures; for this reason, IGF-IR avoids rapid endocytosis and prolongs its activity on the cell surface. Accelerating IGF-IR endocytosis via IRS-1 depletion induces the shift from sustained to transient Akt activation and augments FoxO-mediated transcription. Our study establishes a new role for IRS-1 as an endocytic regulator of IGF-IR that ensures sustained IGF bioactivity, independent of its classic role as an adaptor in IGF-IR signaling.
Two distinct DNA sequences recognized by transcription factors represent enthalpy and entropy optima
Authors: Morgunova Ekaterina , Yin Yimeng , Das Pratyush K , Jolma Arttu , Zhu Fangjie , Popov Alexander , Xu You , Nilsson Lennart , Taipale Jussi
Published: April 2018

Most transcription factors (TFs) can bind to a population of sequences closely related to a single optimal site. However, some TFs can bind to two distinct sequences that represent two local optima in the Gibbs free energy of binding (ΔG). To determine the molecular mechanism behind this effect, we solved the structures of human HOXB13 and CDX2 bound to their two optimal DNA sequences, CAATAAA and TCGTAAA. Thermodynamic analyses by isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that both sites were bound with similar ΔG. However, the interaction with the CAA sequence was driven by change in enthalpy (ΔH), whereas the TCG site was bound with similar affinity due to smaller loss of entropy (ΔS). This thermodynamic mechanism that leads to at least two local optima likely affects many macromolecular interactions, as ΔG depends on two partially independent variables ΔH and ΔS according to the central equation of thermodynamics, ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
An efficient and scalable pipeline for epitope tagging in mammalian stem cells using Cas9 ribonucleoprotein
Authors: Dewari Pooran Singh , Southgate Benjamin , Mccarten Katrina , Monogarov German , O'Duibhir Eoghan , Quinn Niall , Tyrer Ashley , Leitner Marie-Christin , Plumb Colin , Kalantzaki Maria , Blin Carla , Finch Rebecca , Bressan Raul Bardini , Morrison Gillian , Jacobi Ashley M , Behlke Mark A , von Kriegsheim Alex , Tomlinson Simon , Krijgsveld Jeroen , Pollard Steven M
Published: April 2018

CRISPR/Cas9 can be used for precise genetic knock-in of epitope tags into endogenous genes, simplifying experimental analysis of protein function. However, Cas9-assisted epitope tagging in primary mammalian cell cultures is often inefficient and reliant on plasmid-based selection strategies. Here, we demonstrate improved knock-in efficiencies of diverse tags (V5, 3XFLAG, Myc, HA) using co-delivery of Cas9 protein pre-complexed with two-part synthetic modified RNAs (annealed crRNA:tracrRNA) and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) repair templates. Knock-in efficiencies of ~5–30%, were achieved without selection in embryonic stem (ES) cells, neural stem (NS) cells, and brain-tumor-derived stem cells. Biallelic-tagged clonal lines were readily derived and used to define Olig2 chromatin-bound interacting partners. Using our novel web-based design tool, we established a 96-well format pipeline that enabled V5-tagging of 60 different transcription factors. This efficient, selection-free and scalable epitope tagging pipeline enables systematic surveys of protein expression levels, subcellular localization, and interactors across diverse mammalian stem cells.
«Det er berre sånt som vi gjer på dyr. Vi gjer det ikkje på menneske» – Interaksjon og forhandling om eksistensielle spørsmål i barnehagen
Authors: Fauske Ragnhild
Published: April 2018

I denne artikkelen blir delar av eit kvalitativt forskingsarbeid om eksistensielle spørsmål i barnehagen presentert. Opptaka er gjort med videokamera, og fokuset er på korleis samtalen mellom born og vaksne spelar seg ut. Føremålet med denne teksten er å belyse, ved hjelp av Bakhtins dialogisme, korleis meiningsdanning og forståing av eksistensielle spørsmål kan utviklast gjennom interaksjon og forhandling i kvardagssituasjonar i barnehagen.This article presents parts of a qualitative video study on dialogues concerning existential questions, and how the existential dialogues play out between children and adults in kindergarten. Through the use of Bakhtin’s theory on dialogism I aim to illuminate how the construction of meaning and the understanding of existential questions are created through interactions and negotiations in non-formal settings in Early Childhood Education Centers.
An open trial of individualized face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for psychological distress in parents of children after end of treatment for childhood cancer including a cognitive behavioral conceptualization
Authors: Ljungman Lisa , Cernvall Martin , Ghaderi Ata , Ljungman Gustaf , von Essen Louise , Ljótsson Brjánn
Published: April 2018

Objective

A subgroup of parents of children who have been treated for childhood cancer report high levels of psychological distress. To date there is no empirically supported psychological treatment targeting cancer-related psychological distress in this population. The aim of the current study was to test the feasibility and preliminarily evaluate the effect of individualized face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for parents of children after the end of treatment for childhood cancer. A secondary aim was to present a cognitive behavioral conceptualization of cancer-related distress for these parents.

Methods

An open trial was conducted where 15 parents of children who had completed successful treatment for cancer three months to five years earlier and who reported psychological distress related to a child’s previous cancer disease were provided CBT at a maximum of 15 sessions. Participants were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up using self-reported psychological distress (including posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), depression, and anxiety) and the diagnostic Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Feasibility outcomes relating to recruitment, data collection, and delivery of the treatment were also examined. Individual case formulations for each participant guided the intervention and these were aggregated and presented in a conceptualization detailing core symptoms and their suggested maintenance mechanisms.

Results

A total of 93% of the participants completed the treatment and all of them completed the follow-up assessment. From baseline to post-assessment, parents reported significant improvements in PTSS, depression, and anxiety with medium to large effect sizes (Cohen’sd= 0.65–0.92). Results were maintained or improved at a three-month follow-up. At baseline, seven (47%) participants fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder and four (29%) fulfilled the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder, compared to none at a post-assessment and a follow-up assessment. The resulting cognitive behavioral conceptualization suggests traumatic stress and depression as the core features of distress, and avoidance and inactivity is suggested as the core maintenance mechanisms.

Conclusion

The treatment was feasible and acceptable to the participants. Significant improvements in distress were observed during the study. Overall, results suggest that the psychological treatment for parents of children after end of treatment for childhood cancer used in the current study is promising and should be tested and evaluated in future studies.
Sheep skeletal muscle transcriptome analysis reveals muscle growth regulatory lncRNAs
Authors: Chao Tianle , Ji Zhibin , Hou Lei , Wang Jin , Zhang Chunlan , Wang Guizhi , Wang Jianmin
Published: April 2018

As widely distributed domestic animals, sheep are an important species and the source of mutton. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the regulatory lncRNAs associated with muscle growth and development between high production mutton sheep (Dorper sheep and Qianhua Mutton Merino sheep) and low production mutton sheep (Small-tailed Han sheep). In total, 39 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed. Using co-expression analysis and functional annotation, 1,206 co-expression interactions were found between 32 lncRNAs and 369 genes, and 29 of these lncRNAs were found to be associated with muscle development, metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis. lncRNA–mRNA interactions revealed 6 lncRNAs as hub lncRNAs. Moreover, three lncRNAs and their associated co-expressed genes were demonstrated by cis-regulatory gene analyses, and we also found a potential regulatory relationship between the pseudogene lncRNA LOC101121401 and its parent gene FTH1. This study provides a genome-wide resolution of lncRNA and mRNA regulation in muscles from mutton sheep.
Is There a Tectonically Driven Supertidal Cycle?
Authors: Green J. A. M. , Molloy J. L. , Davies H. S. , Duarte J. C.
Published: April 2018

Earth is 180 Myr into the current supercontinent cycle, and the next supercontinent is predicted to form in 250 Myr. The continuous changes in continental configuration can move the ocean between resonant states, and the semidiurnal tides are currently large compared to the past 252 Myr due to tidal resonance in the Atlantic. This leads to the hypothesis that there is a “supertidal” cycle linked to the supercontinent cycle. Here this is tested using new tectonic predictions for the next 250 Myr as bathymetry in a numerical tidal model. The simulations support the following hypothesis: a new tidal resonance will appear 150 Myr from now, followed by a decreasing tide as the supercontinent forms 100 Myr later. This affects the dissipation of tidal energy in the oceans, with consequences for the evolution of the Earth‐Moon system, ocean circulation and climate, and implications for the ocean's capacity of hosting and evolving life.
Ultrahigh‐Performance Self‐Powered Flexible Double‐Twisted Fibrous Broadband Perovskite Photodetector
Authors: Sun Haoxuan , Tian Wei , Cao Fengren , Xiong Jie , Li Liang
Published: April 2018

Self‐powered flexible photodetectors without an external power source can meet the demands of next‐generation portable and wearable nanodevices; however, the performance is far from satisfactory becuase of the limited match of flexible substrates and light‐sensitive materials with proper energy levels. Herein, a novel self‐powered flexible fiber‐shaped photodetector based on double‐twisted perovskite–TiO2–carbon fiber and CuO–Cu2O–Cu wire is designed and fabricated. The device shows an ultrahigh detectivity of 2.15 × 1013 Jones under the illumination of 800 nm light at zero bias. CuO–Cu2O electron block bilayer extends response range of perovskite from 850 to 1050 nm and suppresses dark current down to 10−11 A. The fast response speed of less than 200 ms is nearly invariable after dozens of cycles of bending at the extremely 90 bending angle, demonstrating excellent flexibility and bending stability. These parameters are comparable and even better than reported flexible and even rigid photodetectors. The present results suggest a promising strategy to design photodetectors with integrated function of self‐power, flexibility, and broadband response.
Na3V2(PO4)3/C Positive Electrodes with High Energy and Power Densities for Sodium Secondary Batteries with Ionic Liquid Electrolytes That Operate across Wide Temperature Ranges
Authors: Hwang Jinkwang , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Rika
Published: April 2018

Positive electrode materials with a wide operating temperature range and high energy and power densities are required for the construction of practical sodium secondary batteries. High performance is expected at elevated temperatures because electrode reactions and ion diffusion are enhanced under such conditions. In the present study, carbon‐coated Na superionic conductor‐type Na3V2(PO4)3 is prepared via a sol–gel method and investigated as a positive electrode material for sodium secondary batteries operating under low‐to‐intermediate temperature conditions. The Na3V2(PO4)3/C material utilizes fully the safety and large liquid‐phase temperature range of Na[bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide]–[1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium][bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide] ionic liquid electrolytes. Electrochemical testing of the Na3V2(PO4)3/C composite reveals superior cycling and rate performance at 253–363 K. Cycling tests at 1C (117 mA g−1) confirm capacity retention of 99% and Coulombic efficiency of over 99.9% after 300 cycles at 298 and 363 K. Even faster‐current cycling at 20C results in capacity retention of 89.2% after 5000 cycles at 363 K. The high rate capability at 363 K (50.1 mA h g−1 at 58500 mA g−1) leads to excellent power and energy densities that exceed those of NaCrO2 and Na2FeP2O7.
Effect of process parameters on the adhesion strength in two‐component injection molding of thermoset rubbers and thermoplastics
Authors: Bex Gert‐Jan , Six Wim , Laing Brittany , De Keyzer Jozefien , Desplentere Frederik , Van Bael Albert
Published: April 2018

Recently, a novel two‐component injection molding process has been developed for combining thermoplastics with thermoset rubbers. This process is of interest for example when thermoplastic parts include seals which are usually produced out of thermoset rubber. The present study evaluates the influence of different process parameters on the bond strength by means of a half factorial experimental design. The considered process parameters are the mold temperature at the interface, the injection temperature, the injection speed, the holding pressure, and the initial roughness of the thermoplastic part at the later interface. The study indicates a large influence of the mold temperature at the interface. Furthermore, the holding pressure only affects the adhesion strength when it is set too low or when the holding time is too short. The other process parameters have no significant effect on the adhesion strength. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46495.
Synergistic effect of dual nanofillers (MWCNT and Ni–Al LDH) on the electrical and thermal characteristics of polystyrene nanocomposites
Authors: Sen Payel , Pugazhenthi G.
Published: April 2018

The advantage of using 3D hybrid filler containing carboxylic acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (c‐MWCNTs) and sodium dodecyl sulfate modified Ni–Al layered double hydroxide (sN‐LDH) over c‐MWCNTs and sN‐LDHs acting alone was investigated. PS/c‐MWCNT composites proved to be good for improvement of properties, but not to an appreciable level, especially in case of electrical conductivity, flame retardancy, rheology, and water vapor permeability. Hence, a combination of 0.3 wt % of c‐MWCNT and 3 wt % of sN‐LDH was optimized as additives to assist in the full expression of the filler traits in the nanocomposite and to obtain a versatile nanocomposite with properties specific to both the fillers. This approach slightly decreases the dispersion challenge faced with handling high loadings of CNT and also the intrinsic limitations specific to the individual fillers (i.e., inertness of CNTs and low conductivity of LDHs). Moreover, the anion/anionic repulsion of organically modified CNT/LDH facilitates effective dispersion of the additive opposing adhesion. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy provided evidence for incorporation and proper dispersion of the additives in the polymer matrix, with XRD and TEM confirming a well‐dispersed morphology of the nanocomposites. In this work, focus is made on the improvement of thermal stability, flame retardancy, melt rheology, hardness, electrical conductivity, and water vapor permeability of PS/0.3 wt % c‐MWCNT/3 wt % sN‐LDH nanocomposites over PS/0.3 wt % c‐MWCNT, making use of the synergistic effect of c‐MWCNT coupled with sN‐LDH on polystyrene. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46513.
Spectrofluorimetric determination of acotiamide hydrochloride trihydrate in the presence of its oxidative degradation product
Authors: Attia Khalid A. M. , Nassar Mohammed W. I. , El‐Olemy Ahmed , Ramzy Sherif
Published: April 2018

Acotiamide hydrochloride trihydrate is a novel gastroprokinetic drug which has been recently approved for the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia. This study presents the first reported to investigate the fluorimetric behavior of acotiamide hydrochloride trihydrate in the presence of its oxidative degradation product. All variables that affect fluorescence intensity were studied and optimized. The described method involved the measurement of native fluorescence of the drug in ethanol at 404 nm after excitation at 326 nm. Calibration plot was found to be linear over the concentration range 0.1–0.9 μg/ml. The specificity of the method has been tested via selective determination of the studied drug in its synthetic mixtures with its degradation product. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of the drug in its new pharmaceutical dosage form and the results have been statistically compared with the reported HPLC method showing no significant differences by applying t‐test and F‐test.
Association between serum uric acid, high sensitive C‐reactive protein and pro‐oxidant‐antioxidant balance in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ahmadnezhad Mahsa , Arefhosseini Seyed Rafie , Parizadeh Mohammad Reza , Tavallaie Shima , Tayefi Maryam , Darroudi Susan , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Moohebati Mohsen , Ebrahimi Mahmoud , Heidari‐Bakavoli Alireza , Azarpajouh Mahmoud Reza , Ferns Gordon A. , Mogharebzadeh Vahid , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid
Published: April 2018

There is persuasive evidence that oxidative stress and inflammation are features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We have investigated the relationship between serum pro‐oxidant‐antioxidant balance (PAB), serum uric acid, and high sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) in 7,208 participants from the MASHAD study cohort, who were categorized as having MetS, or not, using International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) criteria. Serum hs‐CRP was measured by Polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐enhanced immunoturbidimetry method using an Alycon analyzer (ABBOTT, Chicago, IL, USA). A colorimetric method was used to determine serum PAB. Serum PAB values were significantly higher in the individuals with MetS compared to those without (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a step‐wise increase in mean serum PAB concentrations as the number of components of the MetS increased. The combination of features of MetS had different association with serum PAB and hs‐CRP. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI, B = 2.04, P < 0.001), physical activity level (PAL, B = 18.728, P = 0.001), serum uric acid (B = −1.545, P = 0.003), and serum C‐reactive protein (B = 0.663, P < 0.001) were associated with serum PAB in individuals with MetS. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that serum PAB (B = 0.002, P < 0.001, CI = 1.001–1.003), serum C‐reactive protein (B = 0.007, P < 0.015, CI = 1.001–1.013), and serum uric acid (B = 0.207, P < 0.001, CI = 1.186–1.277) were all significantly associated with MetS. Serum PAB was strongly associated with serum uric acid and serum hs‐CRP. Moreover, serum PAB as well as serum uric acid and serum hs‐CRP were independently associated with MetS. Individual features of MetS were also associated with serum hs‐CRP and PAB. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(3):263–271, 2018
Chemotherapeutic Drug‐Conjugated Microbeads Demonstrate Preferential Binding to Methylated Plasmid DNA
Authors: Lin Kevin N. , Grandhi Taraka Sai Pavan , Goklany Sheba , Rege Kaushal
Published: April 2018

Plasmid DNA (pDNA) is an attractive therapeutic biomolecule in several diseases including cancer, AIDS, cystic fibrosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Increasing demand for plasmid DNA as a therapeutic biomolecule for transgene expression or vaccine applications necessitate novel approaches to bioprocessing. The synthesis, characterization and evaluation of aminoglycoside‐derived hydrogel microbeads (Amikabeads) for pDNA binding is described previously. Here, the generation and evaluation of novel chemotherapeutic drug‐conjugated microbeads for application in pDNA binding and recovery is described. Chemotherapeutic drug‐conjugated Amikabeads demonstrate higher binding of methylated pDNA compared to unmethylated pDNA in presence of high salt concentrations. Desorption of plasmids from drug‐conjugated microbeads is facilitated by the use of organic modifiers. The observed differences in binding methylated versus unmethylated DNA can make drug‐conjugated microbeads useful in diagnostic as well as therapeutic applications. These results demonstrate that anti‐cancer drugs represent a diverse set of ligands that may be exploited for molecular engineering of novel DNA binding materials for applications in delivery, diagnostics, and biomanufacturing.
High Intracellular Seed Train BiP Levels Correlate With Poor Production Culture Performance in CHO Cells
Authors: Tung Meg , Tang Danming , Wang Szu‐Han , Zhan Dejin , Kiplinger Karen , Pan Shu , Jing Yifeng , Shen Amy , Ahyow Patrick , Snedecor Brad , Gawlitzek Martin , Misaghi Shahram
Published: April 2018

Consistent cell culture performance is a prerequisite to ensure product quality consistency and achieve productivity goals for the manufacture of recombinant protein therapeutics, including monoclonal antibodies. Here a peculiar observation is reported where high levels of intracellular BiP in seed train cultures are consistently predictive of poor cell culture performance in the subsequent inoculum and production cultures for a monoclonal antibody produced in CHO cells. This investigation suggests that in this cell line the high intracellular BiP levels in the seed train are triggered by a slightly lower culture pH, which interferes with proper antibody folding and secretion. While the seed train culture does not display any obvious signs of the problem at slightly lower culture pH, inoculum trains, and production cultures sourced from these low pH seed trains display significantly lower cell growth and cell size. High intracellular BiP levels may interfere with UPR signaling, thereby hampering a proper and timely UPR response in the production media. Studies of other problematic cell lines have shown a similar correlation between intracellular BiP accumulation and poor production performance. The authors believe intracellular BiP levels in seed train should hence be low in order to increase the success rate in production.
Blood brain barrier: A review of its anatomy and physiology in health and disease
Authors: Sharif Yousra , Jumah Fareed , Coplan Louis , Krosser Alec , Sharif Kassem , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: April 2018

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is the principal regulator of transport of molecules and cells into and out of the central nervous system (CNS). It comprises endothelial cells, pericytes, immune cells, astrocytes, and basement membrane, collectively known as the neurovascular unit. The development of the barrier involves many complex pathways from all the progenitors of the neurovascular unit, but the timing of its formation is not entirely known. The coordinated activities of all the components of the neurovascular unit and other tissues ensure that materials required for growth and maintenance are allowed into the CNS while extraneous ones are excluded. This review summarizes current knowledge of the anatomy, development, and physiology of the BBB, and alterations that occur in disease conditions. Clin. Anat. 31:812–823, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychotherapy for depression from the point of view of economically disadvantaged individuals in Chile and Colombia
Authors: Krause Mariane , Espinosa‐Duque Henry Daniel , Tomicic Alemka , Córdoba Ana Catalina , Vásquez Daniel
Published: April 2018

Background

This article presents a qualitative study, conducted in Chile and Colombia, on mental health care access and experiences with psychotherapy from the perspectives of economically disadvantaged clients. Current epidemiological data show it is important to conduct psychological interventions to address depression in poor populations, given the high prevalence of this disorder in these groups. However, despite efforts made in both countries at the health care policy level, the impact of the available psychological care has been weaker than expected.

Aims

Based on this observation, this study sought to collect more information for understanding this problem by incorporating patients’ views.

Materials & Methods

To shed light on this issue, 24 participants from Chile and Colombia were interviewed with respect to their opinions on access to psychotherapeutic care and their experience with it. Semi‐structured interviews conducted were analysed using Grounded Theory procedures.

Results

The facilitating and impeding factors that low‐income people have regarding access to psychotherapy, in an institutional context, and specific challenges involving changes in their understanding of their problems and their own role in recovery are presented. These changes involve distancing themselves from their original culturally‐shaped understanding of psychological disorders.

Discussion

The influence of psychotherapy as a force capable of shaping culturally determined meanings in clients from economically disadvantaged areas is problematised.

Conclusion

The results of this research may encourage clinicians to see the client's uniqueness within a certain social order and a social network as different from that of the therapist.
Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction on TiO2‐Based Materials under Controlled Reaction Conditions: Systematic Insights from a Literature Study
Authors: Moustakas Nikolaos G. , Strunk Jennifer
Published: April 2018

Photocatalytic CO2 conversion to hydrocarbons (sometimes referred to as ‘artificial photosynthesis’), which mimics natural photosynthesis with purely inorganic photocatalysts, has the potential to simultaneously combat the energy crisis and the greenhouse effect. In more than half of all reported studies to date, TiO2‐based materials are used as the photocatalyst. Yet, the reaction conditions and reactor designs employed in previous studies cover a vast range, hindering mutual comparisons of observed activities and selectivity. In this work, a systematic literature study is attempted, including a selection of only such research publications which report experimental conditions of high purity and a proof of the carbon source (blank experiments, 13CO2 isotope labelling or stoichiometric O2 identification) for CO2 photoreduction. General trends were then detected and discussed, aiming to guide future research to more efficient photocatalytic systems.
Mycenaflavin A, B, C, and D: Pyrroloquinoline Alkaloids from the Fruiting Bodies of the Mushroom Mycena haematopus
Authors: Lohmann Julia S. , Wagner Silke , von Nussbaum Monika , Pulte Anna , Steglich Wolfgang , Spiteller Peter
Published: April 2018

Four so far unknown pyrroloquinoline alkaloids, yellow mycenaflavins A, B, and C, and the purple mycenaflavin D, have been isolated from the fruiting bodies of Mycena haematopus. The structures of these new alkaloids were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and HRMS (ESI+). The mycenaflavins are structurally related to mycenarubins and haematopodins, which have been previously identified in M. haematopus. However, compared with other known fungal pyrroloquinoline alkaloids, the mycenaflavins contain an additional double bond within the pyrroloquinoline moiety that accounts for the yellow colour of the monomeric mycenaflavins A, B, and C. The purple mycenaflavin D is the first known dimeric pyrroloquinoline alkaloid with a C−C bridge between the two pyrroloquinoline units. Although the minor pyrroloquinoline alkaloid constituent mycenaflavin A exhibits only moderate bioactivity against the soil bacterium Azoarcus tolulyticus, the major pyrroloquinoline alkaloid constituent haematopodin B is similarly active as the antibiotic gentamicin.
Silicon(IV) Corroles
Authors: Pomarico Giuseppe , Monti Donato , Bischetti Martina , Savoldelli Andrea , Fronczek Frank R. , Smith Kevin M. , Genovese Damiano , Prodi Luca , Paolesse Roberto
Published: April 2018

Silicon complexes of corrole were obtained for the first time by reaction of the free‐base corrole with hexachlorodisilane. The peripheral substituents of corrole strongly influence the nature of the reaction products: β‐octaalkyl corrole was mainly isolated as the μ‐oxo dimer, while a hydroxo complex was obtained in the case of 5,10,15‐tris‐(pentafluorophenyl)corrole. In the case of meso‐tritolyl corrole, a mixture of monomer/μ‐oxo dimer was obtained. The silicon corrole complexes are more stable toward hydrolysis than the corresponding porphyrin derivatives and are endowed with brilliant luminescence properties. The high affinity of silicon for fluoride ion allowed investigation of the ability of an Si corrole to serve as a sensor for F− detection. The strong color variation due to the interaction with the halide ion makes the Si corrole an interesting material for the naked‐eye detection of inorganic fluoride.
Soft X‐ray Spectroscopy as a Probe for Gas‐Phase Protein Structure: Electron Impact Ionization from Within
Authors: Bari Sadia , Egorov Dmitrii , Jansen Thomas L. C. , Boll Rebecca , Hoekstra Ronnie , Techert Simone , Zamudio‐Bayer Vicente , Bülow Christine , Lindblad Rebecka , Leistner Georg , Ławicki Arkadiusz , Hirsch Konstantin , Miedema Piter S. , von Issendorff Bernd , Lau J. Tobias , Schlathölter Thomas
Published: April 2018

Preservation of protein conformation upon transfer into the gas phase is key for structure determination of free single molecules, for example using X‐ray free‐electron lasers. In the gas phase, the helicity of melittin decreases strongly as the protein's protonation state increases. We demonstrate the sensitivity of soft X‐ray spectroscopy to the gas‐phase structure of melittin cations ([melittin+qH]q+, q=2–4) in a cryogenic linear radiofrequency ion trap. With increasing helicity, we observe a decrease of the dominating carbon 1 s–π* transition in the amide C=O bonds for non‐dissociative single ionization and an increase for non‐dissociative double ionization. As the underlying mechanism we identify inelastic electron scattering. Using an independent atom model, we show that the more compact nature of the helical protein conformation substantially increases the probability for off‐site intramolecular ionization by inelastic Auger electron scattering.
Molecular testing for indeterminate thyroid nodules: Performance of the Afirma gene expression classifier and ThyroSeq panel
Authors: Jug Rachel C. , Datto Michael B. , Jiang Xiaoyin “Sara”
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

The ThyroSeq mutational panel and Afirma gene expression classifier (GEC) are used to risk stratify cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. In the current study, the authors evaluated the performance of these tests within the context of ultrasonographic features and with the incorporation of the noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) nomenclature.

METHODS

The authors reviewed nodules using ThyroSeq or Afirma GEC testing. For nodules that were surgically resected, both tests were studied within the context of ultrasound findings, comparing performance stratified by the 2015 American Thyroid Association guideline (ATA 2015) sonographic patterns and assessing the positive predictive value (PPV) of these tests both including and excluding NIFTP in the malignant category.

RESULTS

A total of 304 cases were identified, 119 of which were resected. All cases that met the criteria for NIFTP on excision demonstrated either high‐risk mutations on ThyroSeq or a “suspicious” result on Afirma GEC. When NIFTP cases were shifted from the malignant to nonmalignant category, the PPV of “positive” tests for both ThyroSeq and Afirma GEC decreased from 42.9% to 14.3% (an absolute decrease of 28.6%) and 30.1% to 25.3% (an absolute decrease of 4.8%), respectively. No cases of malignancy were found in the ATA 2015 “very low suspicion” group, even with a “suspicious” Afirma GEC result.

CONCLUSIONS

Both the ThyroSeq and Afirma GEC tests demonstrated decreases in the PPV when NIFTP was considered nonmalignant. In the era of NIFTP, a “positive” test result for either the Afirma GEC or ThyroSeq should be interpreted in light of clinical factors and should not exclude conservative (ie, lobectomy) surgical management. ATA 2015 “very low suspicion” nodules, even with “suspicious” Afirma GEC results, were not found to demonstrate malignancy in this series. Cancer Cytopathol 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Risk–Benefit Assessment of Ethinylestradiol Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach
Authors: Ezuruike Udoamaka , Humphries Helen , Dickins Maurice , Neuhoff Sibylle , Gardner Iain , Rowland Yeo Karen
Published: April 2018

Current formulations of combined oral contraceptives (COC) containing ethinylestradiol (EE) have ≤35 μg due to increased risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with higher doses of EE. Low‐dose formulations however, have resulted in increased incidences of breakthrough bleeding and contraceptive failure, particularly when coadministered with inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP). The developed physiologically based pharmacokinetic model quantitatively predicted the effect of CYP3A4 inhibition and induction on the pharmacokinetics of EE. The predicted Cmax and AUC ratios when coadministered with voriconazole, fluconazole, rifampicin, and carbamazepine were within 1.25 of the observed data. Based on published clinical data, an AUCss value of 1,000 pg/ml.h was selected as the threshold for breakthrough bleeding. Prospective application of the model in simulations of different doses of EE (20 μg, 35 μg, and 50 μg) identified percentages of the population at risk of breakthrough bleeding alone and with varying degrees of CYP modulation.
Advocating for Atheist Clients in the Counseling Profession
Authors: Bishop Brittany
Published: April 2018

Atheism is a controversial topic, with individuals who identify as atheist reporting high rates of discrimination. Despite increasing literature discussing religious/spiritual views and beliefs, few scholarly discussions of atheism in the counseling field can be found. Counselors need to be made aware of the issues facing atheist clients and educated on the best interventions to use in collaborative work with clients. Counselors should also be prepared to advocate for atheist clients in multiple domains. This article aims to explore the relevant literature around atheism, identify implications for counselors, and provide a path to advocacy for counselors in their work with atheist clients.
Religious Commitment's Moderating Effect on Refugee Trauma and Growth
Authors: Acquaye Hannah E. , Sivo Stephen A. , Jones K. Dayle
Published: April 2018

The authors assessed religious commitment's moderating effect on the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in adult Liberian refugees who experienced trauma from war (N = 444). Results indicated that religious commitment predicted PTG and had an interaction effect on the relationship between trauma and PTG, albeit a negative one. Counselors should therefore gauge clients’ worldviews in terms of religion or spirituality before integrating spiritual or religious issues in therapy.
Power Within the Counselor Identity Development of African American Women in Pastoral Counseling
Authors: Jangha Awa G. , Magyar‐Russell Gina , O'Grady Kari
Published: April 2018

This study explored experiences of power among 11 African American female pastoral counselors‐in‐training. Limited research exists within the field of pastoral counseling regarding the dynamics of power within the development of minority counselors‐in‐training. Experiences of power such as microaggressions and empowerment were evidenced in the art created by participants during their qualitative interviews. Use of a heuristic arts‐based research design resulted in 6 final essences (major themes): symbolic analysis of the journey of identity development, empowerment, powerlessness, ownership of power, integration, and pervasive spirituality. Practical implications for counselor educators and pastoral counseling programs are provided.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Acylation Reactions: A One‐Pot Diversified Synthesis of Phthalazines, Phthalazinones and Benzoxazinones
Authors: Suchand Basuli , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: April 2018

A sequential one‐pot strategy for the diversified synthesis of phthalazines, phthalazinones and benzoxazinones was presented. This strategy proceeds through [Pd]‐catalyzed acylation and nucleophilic cyclocondensation with dinucleophilic reagents. This process was based on direct coupling with simple bench‐top aldehydes without the assistance of directing group and without activating the carbonyl group. The process is highly advantageous because it employs simple nitrogen‐based nucleophiles, and non‐toxic and readily accessible aldehydes as the carbonyl source. Most importantly, the strategy was applied to the one‐pot synthesis of PDE‐4 inhibitor.