bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Up to 7% of referrals to oral and maxillofacial surgery are related to medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: how much is really out there?
Authors: Clark Ailish , Pretty Iain
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is generally described as rare; therefore, firm incidence data are challenging to ascertain.

Aim

Using two sites in Northwest England, ascertain the number of referrals to oral and maxillofacial surgery involving:

Suspected MRONJ.

Patients at risk of MRONJ requiring a dentoalveolar procedure.

Method

All sequential referrals over a 2-year period were analysed. The referrals were categorised into ‘type’ of referral (stage 1). Any referral for MRONJ, or patient at risk, was then further examined (stage 2).

Results

A total of 2150 referrals were screened. The most common referral reasons were temporomandibular joint issues and hard tissue conditions. The proportion of referrals for suspected MRONJ was similar for both sites: 3.7% (site 1) and 3.4% (site 2). At site 1, 1.6% of all referrals were at risk of MRONJ referred for treatment. In site 2, 3.8% of all referrals were in this category.

Conclusion

Despite limitations, the finding that patients with or at risk of MRONJ potentially equates to 7% of all referrals represents a substantial proportion of OMFS practice. Therefore, there are clear benefits of collecting accurate data prospectively to understand the scale of this condition and its impact on services.
Zeo-1, a computational data set of zeolite structures
Authors: Komissarov Leonid , Verstraelen Toon
Published: February 2022

Fast, empirical potentials are gaining increased popularity in the computational fields of materials science, physics and chemistry. With it, there is a rising demand for high-quality reference data for the training and validation of such models. In contrast to research that is mainly focused on small organic molecules, this work presents a data set of geometry-optimized bulk phase zeolite structures. Covering a majority of framework types from the Database of Zeolite Structures, this set includes over thirty thousand geometries. Calculated properties include system energies, nuclear gradients and stress tensors at each point, making the data suitable for model development, validation or referencing applications focused on periodic silica systems.
Impaired differentiation of small airway basal stem/progenitor cells in people living with HIV
Authors: Chung Nancy P. Y. , Khan K. M. Faisal , Andreoli Mirko , Kaner Robert J. , O’Beirne Sarah L. , Crystal Ronald G.
Published: February 2022

With highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), higher incidence of airway abnormalities is common in the HIV population consistent with the concept of accelerated lung “aging”. Our previous findings demonstrated that HIV induces human airway basal cells (BC) into destructive and inflammatory phenotypes. Since BC function as stem/progenitor cells of the small airway epithelium (SAE), responsible for self-renewal and differentiation of SAE, we hypothesized that BC from people living with HIV (PLWH) may have altered differentiation capacity that contribute to premature aging. The data demonstrates that BC from PLWH have impaired capacity to differentiate in vitro and senescent phenotypes including shortened telomeres, increased expression of β-galactosidase and cell cycle inhibitors, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In vitro studies demonstrated that BC senescence is partly due to adverse effects of HAART on BC. These findings provide an explanation for higher incidence of airway dysfunction and accelerated lung aging observed in PLWH.
A new threshold reveals the uncertainty about the effect of school opening on diffusion of Covid-19
Authors: Gandolfi Alberto , Aspri Andrea , Beretta Elena , Jamshad Khola , Jiang Muyan
Published: February 2022

Studies on the effects of school openings or closures during the Covid-19 pandemic seem to reach contrasting conclusions even in similar contexts. We aim at clarifying this controversy. A mathematical analysis of compartmental models with subpopulations has been conducted, starting from the SIR model, and progressively adding features modeling outbreaks or upsurge of variants, lockdowns, and vaccinations. We find that in all cases, the in-school transmission rates only affect the overall course of the pandemic above a certain context dependent threshold. We provide rigorous proofs and computations of the thresdhold through linearization. We then confirm our theoretical findings through simulations and the review of data-driven studies that exhibit an often unnoticed phase transition. Specific implications are: awareness about the threshold could inform choice of data collection, analysis and release, such as in-school transmission rates, and clarify the reason for divergent conclusions in similar studies; schools may remain open at any stage of the Covid-19 pandemic, including variants upsurge, given suitable containment rules; these rules would be extremely strict and hardly sustainable if only adults are vaccinated, making a compelling argument for vaccinating children whenever possible.
Loss of LKB1-NUAK1 signalling enhances NF-κB activity in a spheroid model of high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Buensuceso Adrian , Fritz Jamie Lee , Collins Olga , Valdés Yudith Ramos , Borrelli Matthew J. , DiMattia Gabriel E. , Shepherd Trevor G.
Published: February 2022

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is an aggressive malignancy often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Although most HGSOC patients respond initially to debulking surgery combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy, many ultimately relapse with platinum-resistant disease. Thus, improving outcomes requires new ways of limiting metastasis and eradicating residual disease. We identified previously that Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and its substrate NUAK1 are implicated in EOC spheroid cell viability and are required for efficient metastasis in orthotopic mouse models. Here, we sought to identify additional signalling pathways altered in EOC cells due to LKB1 or NUAK1 loss-of-function. Transcriptome analysis revealed that inflammatory signalling mediated by NF-κB transcription factors is hyperactive due to LKB1-NUAK1 loss in HGSOC cells and spheroids. Upregulated NF-κB signalling due to NUAK1 loss suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and sustains cell survival in spheroids. NF-κB signalling is also activated in HGSOC precursor fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell spheroids, and is further enhanced by NUAK1 loss. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of OVCAR8 xenograft tumors lacking NUAK1 displayed increased RelB expression and nuclear staining. Our results support the idea that NUAK1 and NF-κB signalling pathways together regulate ROS and inflammatory signalling, supporting cell survival during each step of HGSOC pathogenesis. We propose that their combined inhibition may be efficacious as a novel therapeutic strategy for advanced HGSOC.
The sterility, stability and efficacy of repackaged ziv-aflibercept for intravitreal administration
Authors: Juhong Jakkrit , Pongsachareonnont Pear Ferreira , Somkijrungroj Thanapong , Mavichak Apivat , Varadisai Adisai , Chariyavilaskul Pajaree , Chatsuwan Tanittha , Suttichet Thitima Benjachat , Kulvichit Kittisak
Published: February 2022

To evaluate the sterility, stability, and efficacy of repackaged ziv-aflibercept in 1-mL plastic tuberculin syringes for intravitreal injection after storage for up to 90 days at controlled (4 °C) and ambient (25.8 °C) temperature. A total of 168 tuberculin-type 1-mL syringes were prepared containing ziv-aflibercept (100 mg/4 mL). Samples were stored at 4 °C and 25.8 °C for 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, and 90 days. At each time point, four samples were evaluated for the stability and binding affinity of anti-VEGF to VEGF (efficacy) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). All samples were analyzed for microbial growth. No microbial growth was obtained from any of the ziv-aflibercept samples during each time point, indicating that the repackaged ziv-aflibercept stored at 4 °C and 25.8 °C remained sterile. ELISA analysis revealed no significant decrease in concentration, and binding affinity was observed, indicating that the stability and efficacy were preserved. However, the concentration of ziv-aflibercept decreased less than the minimum expected concentration of 8 ng/mL after 60 days at 4 °C and after 30 days at 25.8 °C. The repackaged anti-VEGF drug ziv-aflibercept does not lose stability or efficacy and remains uncontaminated if prepared under sterile conditions and stored at 4 °C for up to 60 days or stored at 25.8 °C for up to 30 days.
Prediction of nickel concentration in peri-urban and urban soils using hybridized empirical bayesian kriging and support vector machine regression
Authors: Agyeman Prince Chapman , Kebonye Ndiye Michael , John Kingsley , Borůvka Luboš , Vašát Radim , Fajemisim Olufadekemi
Published: February 2022

Soil pollution is a big issue caused by anthropogenic activities. The spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) varies in most urban and peri-urban areas. As a result, spatially predicting the PTEs content in such soil is difficult. A total number of 115 samples were obtained from Frydek Mistek in the Czech Republic. Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and nickel (Ni) concentrations were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. The response variable was Ni, while the predictors were Ca, Mg, and K. The correlation matrix between the response variable and the predictors revealed a satisfactory correlation between the elements. The prediction results indicated that support vector machine regression (SVMR) performed well, although its estimated root mean square error (RMSE) (235.974 mg/kg) and mean absolute error (MAE) (166.946 mg/kg) were higher when compared with the other methods applied. The hybridized model of empirical bayesian kriging-multiple linear regression (EBK-MLR) performed poorly, as evidenced by a coefficient of determination value of less than 0.1. The empirical bayesian kriging-support vector machine regression (EBK-SVMR) model was the optimal model, with low RMSE (95.479 mg/kg) and MAE (77.368 mg/kg) values and a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.637). EBK-SVMR modelling technique output was visualized using a self-organizing map. The clustered neurons of the hybridized model CakMg-EBK-SVMR component plane showed a diverse colour pattern predicting the concentration of Ni in the urban and peri-urban soil. The results proved that combining EBK and SVMR is an effective technique for predicting Ni concentrations in urban and peri-urban soil.
Hypsometric changes in urban areas resulting from multiple years of mining activity
Authors: Solarski Maksymilian , Machowski Robert , Rzetala Mariusz , Rzetala Martyna A.
Published: February 2022

The impact of multiple years of underground mining of minerals on changes in the elevation of an urban area has been evaluated using the case study of Bytom in southern Poland. Between 1883 and 2011, that city experienced changes in absolute minimum (from 250.0 to 243.0 m a.s.l.) and maximum (from 340.0 to 348.4 m a.s.l.) elevations. During that period, the difference between minimum and maximum elevations increased from 90.0 to 105.4 m. The consequence of underground mining has been the formation of extensive subsidence basins with a maximum depth of 35 m. Where the terrain became raised, its elevation rose most commonly by 1.1 m to 5.0 m, with maximum increase in elevation caused by human activity amounting to 35 m. The rate of anthropogenic subsidence in the city between 1883 and 2011 averaged 43 mm/year (5.5 m over the study period).
Collective patterns and stable misunderstandings in networks striving for consensus without a common value system
Authors: Falk Johannes , Eichler Edwin , Windt Katja , Hütt Marc-Thorsten
Published: February 2022

Collective phenomena in systems of interacting agents have helped us understand diverse social, ecological and biological observations. The corresponding explanations are challenged by incorrect information processing. In particular, the models typically assume a shared understanding of signals or a common truth or value system, i.e., an agreement of whether the measurement or perception of information is ‘right’ or ‘wrong’. It is an open question whether a collective consensus can emerge without these conditions. Here we introduce a model of interacting agents that strive for consensus, however, each with only a subjective perception of the world. Our communication model does not presuppose a definition of right or wrong and the actors can hence not distinguish between correct and incorrect observations. Depending on a single parameter that governs how responsive the agents are to changing their world-view we observe a transition between an unordered phase of individuals that are not able to communicate with each other and a phase of an emerging shared signalling framework. We find that there are two types of convention-aligned clusters: one, where all social actors in the cluster have the same set of conventions, and one, where neighbouring actors have different but compatible conventions (‘stable misunderstandings’).
Urban–rural prostate cancer disparities in a regional state of Australia
Authors: Foley Georgea R. , Blizzard C. Leigh , Stokes Brian , Skala Marketa , Redwig Frank , Dickinson Joanne L. , FitzGerald Liesel M.
Published: February 2022

Men living in regional and remote areas experience disparities in prostate cancer (PrCa) diagnosis, clinical characteristics and treatment modalities. We sought to determine whether such disparities exist in PrCa patients from Tasmania; a regional state of Australia with the second-highest rate of diagnosis and where over a third of residents live in outer regional and remote areas. Our study included clinicopathological data from 1526 patients enrolled in the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Registry-Tasmania. Regression analyses were undertaken to determine whether demographic, clinical and treatment variables differed between inner regional and outer regional/remote patients. Men from outer regional/remote areas were significantly more likely to reside in lower socio-economic areas, be diagnosed at a later age and with more clinically aggressive features. However, in contrast to previous studies, there were no overall differences in diagnostic or treatment method, although men from outer regional/remote areas took longer to commence active treatment and travelled further to do so. This study is the first to investigate PrCa disparities in a wholly regional Australian state and highlights the need to develop systematic interventions at the patient and healthcare level to improve outcomes in outer regional and remote populations in Australia and across the globe.
Altered TGFB1 regulated pathways promote accelerated tendon healing in the superhealer MRL/MpJ mouse
Authors: Kallenbach Jacob G. , Freeberg Margaret A. T. , Abplanalp David , Alenchery Rahul G. , Ajalik Raquel E. , Muscat Samantha , Myers Jacquelyn A. , Ashton John M. , Loiselle Alayna , Buckley Mark R. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Awad Hani A.
Published: February 2022

To better understand the molecular mechanisms of tendon healing, we investigated the Murphy Roth’s Large (MRL) mouse, which is considered a model of mammalian tissue regeneration. We show that compared to C57Bl/6J (C57) mice, injured MRL tendons have reduced fibrotic adhesions and cellular proliferation, with accelerated improvements in biomechanical properties. RNA-seq analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes in the C57 healing tendon at 7 days post injury were functionally linked to fibrosis, immune system signaling and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, while the differentially expressed genes in the MRL injured tendon were dominated by cell cycle pathways. These gene expression changes were associated with increased α-SMA+ myofibroblast and F4/80+ macrophage activation and abundant BCL-2 expression in the C57 injured tendons. Transcriptional analysis of upstream regulators using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed positive enrichment of TGFB1 in both C57 and MRL healing tendons, but with different downstream transcriptional effects. MRL tendons exhibited of cell cycle regulatory genes, with negative enrichment of the cell senescence-related regulators, compared to the positively-enriched inflammatory and fibrotic (ECM organization) pathways in the C57 tendons. Serum cytokine analysis revealed decreased levels of circulating senescence-associated circulatory proteins in response to injury in the MRL mice compared to the C57 mice. These data collectively demonstrate altered TGFB1 regulated inflammatory, fibrosis, and cell cycle pathways in flexor tendon repair in MRL mice, and could give cues to improved tendon healing.
Hypertonic lactate for the treatment of intracranial hypertension in patients with acute brain injury
Authors: Bernini Adriano , Miroz John-Paul , Abed-Maillard Samia , Favre Eva , Iaquaniello Carolina , Ben-Hamouda Nawfel , Oddo Mauro
Published: February 2022

Hypertonic lactate (HL) is emerging as alternative treatment of intracranial hypertension following acute brain injury (ABI), but comparative studies are limited. Here, we examined the effectiveness of HL on main cerebral and systemic physiologic variables, and further compared it to that of standard hypertonic saline (HS). Retrospective cohort analysis of ABI subjects who received sequential osmotherapy with 7.5% HS followed by HL—given at equi-osmolar (2400 mOsmol/L) and isovolumic (1.5 mL/kg) bolus doses—to reduce sustained elevations of ICP (> 20 mmHg). The effect of HL on brain (intracranial pressure [ICP], brain tissue PO2 [PbtO2], cerebral microdialysis [CMD] glucose and lactate/pyruvate ratio [LPR]) and blood (chloride, pH) variables was examined at different time-points (30, 60, 90, 120 min vs. baseline), and compared to that of HS. A total of 34 treatments among 17 consecutive subjects (13 traumatic brain injury [TBI], 4 non-TBI) were studied. Both agents significantly reduced ICP (p < 0.001, at all time-points tested): when comparing treatment effectiveness, absolute ICP decrease in mmHg and the duration of treatment effect (median time with ICP < 20 mmHg following osmotherapy 183 [108–257] vs. 150 [111–419] min) did not differ significantly between HL and HS (all p > 0.2). None of the treatment had statistically significant effects on PbtO2 and CMD biomarkers. Treatment with HL did not cause hyperchloremia and resulted in a more favourable systemic chloride balance than HS (Δ blood chloride − 1 ± 2.5 vs. + 4 ± 3 mmol/L; p < 0.001). This is the first clinical study showing that HL has comparative effectiveness than HS for the treatment of intracranial hypertension, while at the same time avoiding hyperchloremic acidosis. Both agents had no significant effect on cerebral oxygenation and metabolism.
Hemojuvelin deficiency promotes liver mitochondrial dysfunction and predisposes mice to hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Allameh Abdolamir , Hüttmann Nico , Charlebois Edouard , Katsarou Angeliki , Gu Wen , Gkouvatsos Konstantinos , Pasini Elisa , Bhat Mamatha , Minic Zoran , Berezovski Maxim , Guido Maria , Fillebeen Carine , Pantopoulos Kostas
Published: February 2022

Hemojuvelin (HJV) enhances signaling to the iron hormone hepcidin and its deficiency causes iron overload, a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We utilized Hjv−/− mice to dissect mechanisms for hepatocarcinogenesis. We show that suboptimal treatment with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) triggers HCC only in Hjv−/− but not wt mice. Liver proteomics data were obtained by mass spectrometry. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that Hjv deficiency and DEN elicit similar liver proteomic responses, including induction of mitochondrial proteins. Dietary iron overload of wt mice does not recapitulate the liver proteomic phenotype of Hjv−/− animals, which is only partially corrected by iron depletion. Consistent with these data, primary Hjv−/− hepatocytes exhibit mitochondrial hyperactivity, while aged Hjv−/− mice develop spontaneous HCC. Moreover, low expression of HJV or hepcidin (HAMP) mRNAs predicts poor prognosis in HCC patients. We conclude that Hjv has a hepatoprotective function and its deficiency in mice promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocarcinogenesis.
Thermal atomic layer deposition of In2O3 thin films using a homoleptic indium triazenide precursor and water
Authors: Mpofu Pamburayi , Rouf Polla , O'Brien Nathan J. , Forsberg Urban , Pedersen Henrik
Published: February 2022

In2O3 thin films are deposited using thermal atomic layer deposition with an indium(iii) triazenide precursor and water. The films and deposition process are on par with the previously reported indium(iii) formamidinate.
Borate polyanions tuning persistent luminescence in Eu and Dy co-doped strontium aluminate
Authors: Coşgun Ergene Arzu , Khabbaz Abkenar Sirous , Deniz Ece , Ow-Yang Cleva W.
Published: February 2022

The longest persistent luminescence was obtained in Pechini processed Sr4Al14O25:Eu,Dy with 30–40 mol% B2O3. The amount and presence of borate polyanions induce dopant clustering that yields enhanced persistent luminescence.
Hydrodeoxygenation reactivity of the carbonyl group and carboxyl group and their interaction: taking 2-pentanone, valeric acid, and levulinic acid as examples
Authors: Xi Xi , Yang Ye , An Hualiang , Zhao Xinqiang , Wang Yanji
Published: February 2022

The interaction of different functional groups in bio-oil fuel was discussed through the study of reaction kinetics.
Single step synthesis of W-modified LiNiO2 using an ammonium tungstate flux
Authors: Goonetilleke Damian , Mazilkin Andrey , Weber Daniel , Ma Yuan , Fauth François , Janek Jürgen , Brezesinski Torsten , Bianchini Matteo
Published: February 2022

Modification of LiNiO2 with small amounts of W in a simple one-step synthesis process leads to changes in the crystal structure and electrochemical behavior, but it is also consequential for physical features such as the materials' morphology and thermal stability.
Thioredoxin reductase-triggered fluorogenic donor of hydrogen sulfide: a model study with a symmetrical organopolysulfide probe with turn-on near-infrared fluorescent emission
Authors: Mahato Sulendar K. , Bhattacherjee Debojit , Barman Pallavi , Bhabak Krishna P.
Published: February 2022

An antioxidant enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)-responsive fluorogenic donor of hydrogen sulfide with the concomitant release of a red-emitting NIR fluorophore is demonstrated.
Recent advances in the design of antimicrobial peptide conjugates
Authors: Silva Amanda R. P. , Guimarães Marina S. , Rabelo Jheniffer , Belén Lisandra Herrera , Perecin Caio José , Farías Jorge G , Santos João H. P. M. , Rangel-Yagui Carlota O.
Published: February 2022

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ubiquitous host defense peptides characterized by their antibiotic activity and lower propensity for developing resistance compared to classic antibiotics.
Effective excitation of bulk plasmon-polaritons in hyperbolic metamaterials for high-sensitivity refractive index sensing
Authors: Yan Ruoqin , Wang Tao , Wang Huimin , Yue Xinzhao , Wang Lu , Wang Yuandong , Zhang Jinyan
Published: February 2022

The study of hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) refractive index sensors is an active field of plasmonics and nanophotonics. Our study provides the basis for the development of ultrasensitive HMM sensors related to biochemical sensing.
A polydopamine-based photodynamic coating on the intraocular lens surface for safer posterior capsule opacification conquering
Authors: Qie Jiqiao , Wen Shimin , Han Yuemei , Liu Sihao , Shen Liangliang , Chen Hao , Lin Quankui
Published: February 2022

A photosensitizer Ce6 incorporated polydopamine coating was introduced onto the intraocular lens surface for effective yet safer posterior capsule opacification conquering after cataract surgery.
Heteroleptic iron(ii) complexes of chiral 2,6-bis(oxazolin-2-yl)-pyridine (PyBox) and 2,6-bis(thiazolin-2-yl)pyridine ligands – the interplay of two different ligands on the metal ion spin sate
Authors: Shahid Namrah , Burrows Kay E. , Pask Christopher M. , Cespedes Oscar , Howard Mark J. , McGowan Patrick C. , Halcrow Malcolm A.
Published: February 2022

The spin-crossover properties of [Fe(LR)L][ClO4]2(LR = a chiral PyBox {L1R} or ThioPyBox {L2R} derivative) show subtle differences depending on the tridentate ‘L’ co-ligand.
Supercritical CO2blown poly(ε-caprolactone) covalent adaptable networks towards unprecedented low density shape memory foams
Authors: Houbben Maxime , Thomassin Jean-Michel , Jérôme Christine
Published: February 2022

Supercritical CO2blown foams of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) covalent networks are developed through a two-step strategy by taking advantage of the thermo-reversible Diels–Alder cycloaddition between furan and maleimide.
Recent advances in the tandem copper-catalyzed Ullmann–GoldbergN-arylation–cyclization strategies
Authors: Honnanayakanavar Jyoti M. , Obulesu Owk , Suresh Surisetti
Published: February 2022

This review summarises the recent advances in the tandem reactions involving copper-catalyzedN-arylation and cyclization for the synthesis of a diverse range of fused N-heterocyclic compounds.
Recent advances in transition metal-free annulation toward heterocycle diversity based on the C–N bond cleavage of enaminone platform
Authors: Chen Xiao Yun , Zhang Xiaotong , Wan Jie-Ping
Published: February 2022

The research advances in transition metal-free annulation reactions involving the featured C–N bond cleavage of enaminones is reviewed. The synthesis of diverse range of heterocyclic scaffolds are covered and discussed.
Alkylation of isatins with trichloroacetimidates
Authors: Mate Nilamber A. , Meador Rowan I. L. , Joshi Bhaskar D. , Chisholm John D.
Published: February 2022

N-Alkylation or O-alkylation of isatins can be achieved utilizing trichloroacetimidate electrophiles with the major product being controlled by solvent effects. These reactions provide access to N-alkyl isatins, versatile scaffolds which are often employed in synthesis.
Anisotropic plasmonic Pd-tipped Au nanorods for near-infrared light-activated photoacoustic imaging guided photothermal–photodynamic cancer therapy
Authors: Yang Chen , Jiang Wenli , Yu Yongqi , Zhang Hui , Cai Chenxin , Shen Qingming
Published: February 2022

Anisotropic plasmonic Pd-tipped Au nanorods were successfully fabricated for photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal and photodynamic therapy under near-infrared laser irradiation.
Association Between the Onset of Physical Frailty and Executive Function in Community-Dwelling Elderly People
Authors: Toda Atsushi , Yano Jitsuro , Tanemura Jun
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Physical frailty may increase the risk of dementia, but it is not known exactly how cognition decreases. In this study, the features of recognition dysfunction in physical frailty were assessed.

Method:

The subjects were 46 elderly people aged 75 years or older (
M
age
= 83.2 ± 5.1 years) who visited community day care facilities between July 2018 and January 2020. The subjects were divided into a physical frailty group and a nonfrailty group, and physical performance and cognitive function were evaluated. Physical performance was measured by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, handgrip strength, lower leg circumference on both sides, and one-leg standing time. The Mini-Mental State Examination, Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices, and the Trail Making Test (TMT) were used to assess cognitive function.

Results:

The subjects were diagnosed based on the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria, in particular, Cardiovascular Health Study diagnostic items based on the Japanese version criteria. The physical frailty group included 10 subjects with an average age of 82.9 ± 4.0 years, and the nonfrailty group included 18 subjects with an average age of 83.4 ± 3.9 years. The physical frailty group showed significantly lower TUG and TMT compared with the nonfrailty group. There was also a significant correlation between TUG and Part B of the TMT in the physical frailty group (r = 0.735,
p
< .05).

Conclusions:

Executive function was lower in the physical frailty group, and the possibility of an effect on physical activity was suggested. Based on these results, evaluation of physical frailty can lead to more strategic prevention and treatment by combining physical performance evaluation with cognitive function tests including evaluation of executive function.
Privacy‐preserving blockchain‐based authentication and trust management in VANETs
Authors: Ahmed Waheeb , Di Wu , Mukathe Daniel
Published: February 2022

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are characterized by high mobility of nodes and volatility, which make privacy, trust management, and security challenging issues in VANETs' design. In such networks, data can be exposed to a variety of attacks, the most dangerous is false information dissemination, which threatens the safety and efficiency of transportation systems. False emergency messages can be injected by inside attackers to announce fake incidents such as traffic accidents, resulting in a false information attack. As the data in VANET is based on events, any trust mechanism must first identify the true events. To address these security challenges, a blockchain‐based authentication scheme and trust management model are proposed for VANETs. Using the authentication scheme, vehicles are enabled to send messages anonymously to the roadside units (RSUs) and the identity privacy of vehicles is protected. Besides, the proposed trust management model is designed to detect and deal with false information by evaluating the trustworthiness of vehicles and data. Using the trust model, when vehicles report an incident to the nearest RSU, the RSU is able to verify whether or not the incident took place. This mechanism ensures that RSUs send only verified event notifications. Finally, RSUs participate in updating the trust values of vehicles and store these values in the blockchain. The efficiency of the proposed authentication scheme is validated through analysis while the trust model is validated through simulations. The results obtained show that the proposed authentication scheme and the trust model provide better performance than other state‐of‐the‐art models where malicious vehicles can be identified efficiently and RSUs are enabled to broadcast only legitimate events.
New self-consistent wind parameters to fit optical spectra of O-type stars observed with the HERMES spectrograph
Authors: Gormaz-Matamala A. C. , Curé M. , Lobel A. , Panei J. A. , Cuadra J. , Araya I. , Arcos C. , Figueroa-Tapia F.
Published: February 2022

Aims. We performed a spectral fitting for a set of O-type stars based on self-consistent wind solutions, which provide mass-loss rate and velocity profiles directly derived from the initial stellar parameters. The great advantage of this self-consistent spectral fitting is therefore the reduction of the number of free parameters to be tuned.

Methods. Self-consistent values for the line-force parameters (k, α, δ)sc and subsequently for the mass-loss rate, Msc, and terminal velocity, υ∞‚sc, are provided by the m-CAK prescription introduced in Paper I, which is updated in this work with improvements such as a temperature structure T(r) for the wind that are self-consistently evaluated from the line-acceleration. Synthetic spectra were calculated using the radiative transfer code FASTWIND, replacing the classical β-law for our new calculated velocity profiles v(r) and therefore making clumping the only free parameter for the stellar wind.

Results. We found that self-consistent m-CAK solutions provide values for theoretical mass-loss rates of the order of the most recent predictions of other studies. From here, we generate synthetic spectra with self-consistent hydrodynamics to fit and obtain a new set of stellar and wind parameters for our sample of O-type stars (HD 192639, 9 Sge, HD 57682, HD 218915, HD 195592, and HD 210809), whose spectra were taken with the high-resolution echelle spectrograph HERMES (R = 85 000). We find a satisfactory global fit for our observations, with a good accuracy for photospheric He I and He II lines and a quite acceptable fit for H lines. Although this self-consistent spectral analysis is currently constrained in the optical wavelength range alone, this is an important step towards the determination of stellar and wind parameters without using a β-law. Based on the variance of the line-force parameters, we establish that our method is valid for O-type stars with Teff ≥ 30 kK and log g ≥ 3.2. Given these results, we expect that the values introduced here are helpful for future studies of the stars constituting this sample, together with the prospect that the m-CAK self-consistent prescription may be extended to numerous studies of massive stars in the future.
The Influence Of Individual Stars On The long-Term Dynamics Of Comets C/2014 UN271 And C/2017 K2
Authors: Dybczyński Piotr A. , Królikowska Małgorzata
Published: February 2022

Context. In June 2021, the discovery of an unusual comet C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein) was announced. Its cometary activity beyond the orbit of Uranus has also refreshed interest in similar objects, including C/2017 K2 (PANSTARRS). Another peculiarity of these objects is the long interval of positional data, taken at large heliocentric distances.

Aims. These two comets are suitable candidates for a detailed investigation of their long-term motion outside the planetary zone. Using the carefully selected orbital solutions, we aim to estimate the orbital parameters of their orbits at the previous perihelion passage. This might allow us to discriminate between dynamically old and new comets.

Methods. To follow the dynamical evolution of long-period comets far outside the planetary zone, it is necessary to take into account both the perturbation caused by the overall Galactic gravitational potential and the actions of individual stars appearing in the solar neighborhood. To this aim, we applied the recently published methods based on the ephemerides of stellar perturbers.

Results. For C/2014 UN271, we obtained a precise orbital solution that can be propagated into the past and the future. For C/2017 K2, we have to limit ourselves to studying the past motion because some signs of nongravitational effects can be found in recent positional observations. Therefore, we use a specially selected orbital solution suitable for past motion studies. Using these starting orbits, we propagated both comets to their previous perihelia. We also investigated the future motion of C/2014 UN271.

Conclusions. The orbital evolution of these two comets appears to be sensitive to perturbations from several stars that closely approach the Sun. To the detriment of our analysis, the errors on the 6D data for some of these stars are too large to obtain definitive results for the studied comets; nevertheless, we deduce that both comets were probably outside the planetary zone in the previous perihelion.
Modelling the statics and the dynamics of fluctuations in the ordering alloy AuAgZn2
Authors: Livet Frédéric , Fèvre Mathieu , Beutier Guillaume , Abouhilou Fadi , Sutton Mark
Published: February 2022

The ordering alloy AuAgZn2 has a Heusser second-order transition at Tc ≃ 336.4°C. Static measurements of the critical scattering were carried out at the BM02 beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). These results are compared with Monte-Carlo simulations of the Ising model and show that the model with a simple interaction between two neighbouring atoms of the simple cubic Au/Ag lattice fully explains the X-ray diffuse scattering. Dynamic measurements obtained from X-ray scattering below Tc and the observation of X-ray photon correlations at the ESRF ID10 beamline are compared with dynamic simulations. It is shown that this system follows the predictions of “model A” [P.C. Hohenberg, B.I. Halperin, Rev. Mod. Phys. 49, 436 (1977)] for a transition with non-conserved order parameter. The dynamics of ordering with nearest neighbour exchange of atoms in the simple cubic lattice is shown to be equivalent to the usual Ising spin flip model, but with a different time scale. A comparison between the kinetics of ordering and the dynamics of the observed speckles arising from critical fluctuations shows some discrepancy suggesting the need for further experiments.
Is standard total knee arthroplasty with lateral femoral overhanging a cause of anterior knee pain? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pongcharoen Boonchana , Tantarak Narong , Pholsawatchai Waroot
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Anterior knee pain (AKP) may persist after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), even if well aligned and stable, and is reported in up to 30% of patients, leading to patient dissatisfaction. The gender-specific knee prostheses have been designed to reduce femoral component overhanging in females and improve patient satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine AKP between gender-specific knee prosthesis and unisex knee prosthesis following minimally invasive surgery (MIS) TKA with patellar resurfacing. Methods: This study was a randomized trial comparing a gender-specific vs. unisex knee prosthesis in females with knee osteoarthritis. Follow-up occurred at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Pre- and postoperative AKP were measured at each follow-up. Intraoperative lateral overhanging of the femoral component and patellar tracking were also measured and compared between the two groups. Results: Sixty females were recruited; 30 underwent gender-specific knee prosthesis (Gp1) and 30 underwent unisex knee prosthesis (Gp2). No patients were lost to follow-up. The incidence rates of AKP and visual analog scale AKP pain scores at 2 years were 7 vs. 7% (p = 1.00) and 0.95 ± 0.31 (0–1) points vs. 1.10 ± 0.28 (0–1) points (p = 0.68) for gender and unisex prostheses, respectively. Patellar tilt and patellar shift were similar between the two groups. Patellar tilt and patellar shift were 2.56° ± 2.03 (0–8) vs. 2.67° ± 2.35 (0–9) (p = 0.46) and 1.25 ± 1.09 (0–3.2) mm vs. 1.15 ± 0.97 (0–2.9) mm (p = 0.34) for Gp1 and Gp2, respectively. Mean lateral femoral overhanging was 0.23 ± 0.63 mm (range: 1–2 mm, Gp1) vs. 1.57 ± 1.36 mm (range: 1–3 mm, Gp2) (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Both types of prostheses had similar incidence rates of AKP, VAS scores for AKP. Lateral femoral overhanging of ≤ 3 mm was not the cause of AKP.
OTA auf Station – Einblicke in die fremde Welt der Pflege
Authors: Künzer Mareike
Published: February 2022

Was gehört zur prä- und postoperativen Versorgung auf Station, welche Ängste haben Patienten vor einer OP und wie ist eine Patientenakte aufgebaut? Damit OTA die Arbeitsabläufe auf Station kennenlernen, müssen sie in ihrer Ausbildung ein Pflegepraktikum absolvieren. Hier verraten Azubis, welche Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse sie dabei sammeln konnten und was sie am meisten bewegt hat.
Peer-Support: Stress und Traumata vorbeugen
Authors: Angelstein Silvia , Mühle Ulrike
Published: February 2022

Wenn ein Patient im OP oder Schockraum verstirbt, ist das für die meisten Mitarbeitenden sehr belastend. Angebote, um das Erlebte zu reflektieren und zu verarbeiten, fehlen meist. Damit die Beschäftigten nach traumatischen Situationen mit ihren Gefühlen und Gedanken nicht allein bleiben, wurde am Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf eine Peer-Beratung etabliert.
Empfehlungen der AG Klinische Geweberegeneration zur Behandlung von Knorpelschäden am Kniegelenk
Authors: Niemeyer Philipp , Albrecht Dirk , Aurich Matthias , Becher Christoph , Behrens Peter , Bichmann Peter , Bode Gerrit , Brucker Peter , Erggelet Christoph , Ezechieli Marco , Faber Svea , Fickert Stefan , Fritz Jürgen , Hoburg Arnd , Kreuz Peter , Lützner Jörg , Madry Henning , Marlovits Stefan , Mehl Julian , Müller Peter E. , Nehrer Stefan , Niethammer Thomas , Pietschmann Matthias , Plaass Christian , Rössler Philip , Rhunau Klaus , Schewe Bernhard , Spahn Gunter , Steinwachs Matthias , Tischer Thomas , Volz Martin , Walther Markus , Zinser Wolfgang , Zellner Johannes , Angele Peter
Published: February 2022

Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Klinische Geweberegeneration“ hat bereits in den Jahren 2004, 2013 und 2016 Empfehlungen in Bezug auf die Indikation für verschiedene knorpelregenerative Verfahren
zur Behandlung von Knorpelschäden am Kniegelenk publiziert. Auf Basis neuer wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse sollen in der vorliegenden Arbeit diese Empfehlungen auch unter Einbeziehung neuer
Behandlungsverfahren aktualisiert werden. Die Einschätzung folgt damit dem Prinzip der besten verfügbaren Evidenz und berücksichtigt über prospektiv randomisierte Studien hinaus auch Studien
mit niedrigerem Evidenzniveau. An Stellen fehlender publizierter Evidenz basiert die Entscheidung hier auf einem Konsensusprozess innerhalb der Mitglieder der AG Klinische
Geweberegeneration.

Das Prinzip der bereits vorausgehend publizierten Arbeiten bleibt auch in den neuen Empfehlungen erhalten. Kleine Knorpelschäden sind nach Ansicht der Arbeitsgruppe für eine
Knochenmarkstimulation zugänglich, die matrixassoziierte autologe Chondrozytentransplantation (mACT) ist für größere Knorpelschäden die Methode der Wahl. Auf Basis neuerer Daten wird jedoch
die Indikationsgrenze für die mACT auf 2,0 cm2 reduziert. Zusätzlich zur arthroskopischen Mikrofrakturierung wird auch die matrixaugmentierte Knochenmarkstimulation in die
Empfehlung als Standardverfahren aufgenommen (empfohlene Defektgröße 1–4,5 cm2). Für die Therapie kleinerer osteochondraler Defekte wird neben der osteochondralen Transplantation
(OCT) auch die matrixaugmentierte Knochenmarkstimulation empfohlen. Bei größeren Defekten eignet sich die autologe Knorpelzelltransplantation (mACT) in Kombination mit einer Rekonstruktion
des subchondralen Knochens.
Deutschlandweite Befragung zur Vernetzung und Kooperation von
Rehabilitation und Selbsthilfe (VERS 2.0): Ein Überblick über
Meinungen, Kontakte und Kooperationen von Rehabilitationseinrichtungen in Bezug
auf Selbsthilfe
Authors: Haenel Jasmin , Wittmar Silke , Wuensche Isabel , Borgetto Bernhard
Published: February 2022

Ziel der Studie Durch die Studie sollen Meinungen und Wissen von
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen in Deutschland über Selbsthilfe (SH)
dargestellt sowie initiale Strukturen und Kontakte in der Vernetzung von
Rehabilitation und SH aufgezeigt werden.

Methodik Es handelt sich um eine quantitative Beobachtungsstudie. Die
Daten wurden im Querschnitt durch eine Online-Befragung erhoben. Eingeschlossen
wurden Rehabilitationseinrichtungen in Deutschland. Über verschiedene
Zugangswege wurde eine Gelegenheitsstichprobe generiert. Der Fragebogen basiert
auf der Befragung zur „Kooperation und Vernetzung von
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen und
Selbsthilfegruppen/Selbsthilfeorganisationen“ (VERS) im Jahr
2002 durch die Universität Freiburg.

Ergebnisse An der Befragung nahmen 101 Rehabilitationseinrichtungen aus
allen 16 Bundesländern teil. Es zeigten sich eine positive Einstellung
zur SH sowie ein hoher Anteil an Rehabilitationseinrichtungen, die
regelmäßig auf SH hinweisen (76,2%) und Kontakte zu
Selbsthilfezusammenschlüssen/-kontaktstellen pflegen
(74,3%). Es wurden Informationsdefizite hinsichtlich des spezifischen
Erfahrungswissens von Selbsthilfezusammenschlüssen, der Arbeits- und
Organisationsform der SH sowie der Fördermöglichkeiten der SH
deutlich.

Schlussfolgerung Zur Stärkung der Vernetzung von Rehabilitation
und SH sollten Informationslücken geschlossen sowie Transparenz und
strukturelle Rahmenbedingungen geschaffen werden. Die von den Einrichtungen
gewünschte stärkere Integration von Wissen über SH in
Bildungsstrukturen im Gesundheitswesen kann zukünftig
zielführend sein.
Visible-Light-Promoted Indole C-3 Formylation Using Eosin Y as a Photoredox Catalyst
Authors: Ni Guanghui , Zhao Yin , Li Hongfang , Yin Shan , Wu Yandan
Published: February 2022

A visible-light-mediated C-3 formylation of indole catalyzed by eosin Y has been developed using tetramethylethylenediamine as a carbon source and air as an oxidant. This protocol shows high tolerance to a large quantity of functional groups under mild conditions and provides 3-formylated indoles with good yields. This method is a highly attractive alternative to the approach of traditional formylation.
Surgical Care in Specialist Ophthalmology Departments: Structure and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Karaca Olga , Agostini Hansjürgen , Bialas Enno , Hahn Ursula , Neubauer Aljoscha S. , Rüggeberg Jörg-Andreas , Subert Janine , Ziemssen Focke
Published: February 2022

Background Specialist ophthalmology departments contribute to the surgical care of German patients. Outpatient and inpatient surgeries were restricted during the COVID-19 pandemic
and led to a sharp decline in the number of cases in ophthalmological care. The aim of this analysis was to improve the understanding of the logistic structures of medical facilities as well
as the effects of the pandemic.

Material and Method Based on reported process data, a sample of the specialist ophthalmological departments were examined based on operation and procedure codes (OPS) and data
submitted between 01.01.2017 and 31.05.2021 according to the benchmarking programmes of the Professional Association of German Anaesthetists (BDA), the Professional Association of German
Surgeons (BDC), and the Association for Operating Theatre Management (VOPM).

Results Eighteen ophthalmology departments from Germany were analysed. After the decline in the number of cases (by temporarily up to 48%) during the first wave of the pandemic, the
case numbers of all interventions assessed as nonurgent continued to be reduced. While intravitreal injections hardly decreased during the first wave (− 16%), significant drops in the
coverage of cataract surgery (− 79%), vitrectomies (− 35%), glaucoma surgery (− 59%), strabismus surgery (− 95%), and eyelid surgery (− 52%) were found. One exception was intravitreal
injection, which stabilised at a lower level early on during the pandemic. Overall, the number of cases during the later phases of the pandemic were significantly reduced below the level of
previous years, despite the maintenance of emergency care. The underuse was variable for different interventions.

Conclusion In addition to self-reported figures, the analysed process data demonstrates the effect that various factors had on elective as well as urgent operations within hospital
care during the pandemic. Despite partial stabilisation of some services, a relevant supply gap for outpatient and inpatient interventions was identified, with corresponding effects on the
eye health of the population, while compensation or performance enhancement have not taken place to date. Facing the growing preload and the demographic development, future structures must
therefore allow for an increase in the performance of specialist ophthalmological departments.