bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elastic Shakedown and Adaptation of the Response in Laterally Impacted Steel Tubes
Authors: Zeinoddini M. , Parke G.A.R.
Published: March 2010

This article reports some interesting observations on the response of laterally impacted steel tubes, which in some respects have been considered to undergo an elastic shakedown. In an experimental study on the behavior of axially compressed tubes under lateral impacts, it has been noticed that after full development of plastic deformations in the impacted bodies, the structural system ceases to exhibit additional plastic responses. The impacted tubes then exhibit an elastic behavior. It has also been observed that the amplitude of the elastic excitations in the specimens becomes more restricted as the load configuration moves close to a dynamic failure state. With load conditions quite close to the dynamic failure limit, almost no elastic excitation has been perceived from the impacted specimens. Additional numerical and analytical investigations have been carried out on impacted tubes, frames, and nonlinear single-degree of freedom systems and similar results have been obtained. Despite the noncyclic nature of the external loads in these impact cases, a phenomenon similar to elastic shakedown has been observed.
An Investigation of Preservice Music Teacher Development and Concerns
Authors: Berg Margaret H. , Miksza Peter
Published: March 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status and development of junior-level preservice music teachers’ concerns using Fuller and Bown’s teacher concerns model. Participants were 11 junior-level instrumental practicum students from a large American university. Data sources included a goals essay, lesson plans, teaching DVDs, self-evaluations of teaching, and a reflection on the original goals essay. Data were coded according to Fuller and Bown’s concerns categories (i.e., self, task, student impact). Analyses indicated that participants had a variety of concerns within each concern category specific to music education. Overall, there was an emphasis on task concerns, as participants appeared to be more concerned with pedagogical execution than with their personal characteristics or student impact. Rapport, content knowledge, and motivation were the most frequently coded self, task, and student impact concerns, respectively. Comparisons were also drawn between (a) written assignments to determine whether participants’ concerns changed in quantity or quality during the semester and (b) concerns identified in written assignments and concerns observed while teaching. Teaching DVDs were also analyzed for pivotal events contributing to the development of concerns. Four cases are presented representing varied developmental profiles that both support and challenge Fuller and Bown’s model.
Couples at the Crossroads: Substance Abuse and Intimate Relationship Deliberation
Authors: Morrissette Patrick J.
Published: March 2010

This article discusses a clinical framework when working with couples who are interested in reevaluating their intimate relationship while simultaneously abstaining from or managing the consumption of a preferred substance. Toward this end, this article explores the potential effect of substance abuse on intimacy, contextual aspects of the deliberation process, and preliminary tasks couples can undertake when assessing their relationship. Assumptions regarding substance abuse and treatment are also discussed.
“Edge of Darkness” and “Just in Time”: Two Cautionary Tales, Two Styles, One Story
Authors: Gilbourne David
Published: March 2010

“Edge of Darkness” is an autoethnographic tale punctuated in places with extracts from an autoethnographic poetic monologue “Just in Time.” Both explore elements of one life by focusing on different issues and settings, chart the slow decline of well-being, suggest turning points hint at resolution and signal a way forward. “Edge of Darkness” explores melancholy through the context of work. Corporate facets of the workplace are considered as part of this story. In contrast, the poetic monologue (indented italics) reflects on memories from another context, one that foregrounds the challenges of establishing a sense of self and, later, highlights the security and care experienced through a long-term relationship. Although the two stories begin some time apart they move ever closer before, eventually, sharing the same critical moment. In combination, the tales promote the idea of a life-long narrative and of a multilayered and interconnected life.
Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Denmark 1950—2005
Authors: Bentzen Joan , Meulengracht Flachs Esben , Stenager Egon , Brønnum-Hansen Henrik , Koch-Henriksen Nils
Published: March 2010

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system of unknown aetiology. Its prevalence varies by ethnicity and place: persons of northern European descent are at increased risk while persons living at lower latitudes appear to be protected against the disease.

The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry is a national registry established in 1956 after a population-based survey which receives information from numerous sources. It is considered to be more than 90% complete, with a validity of 94%. Using data from the Registry, we calculated prevalences per 100,000 inhabitants.

The standardized prevalence of multiple sclerosis increased from 58.8 (95% confidence interval: 54.9—62.7) in 1950 to 154.5 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval: 148.8—160.2) in 2005, and the female to male ratio increased from 1.31 in 1950 to 2.02 in 2005. The increase in prevalence is due to both increased survival of multiple sclerosis patients and an increased incidence rate.

The rise in prevalence in the past 50 years is probably due more to environmental factors than to genetic changes in the Danish population. Among women, environmental changes could include older age at first birth, use of oral contraceptives, or changes in sun behaviour and/or vitamin D status.
Healthcare reforms and job satisfaction among doctors in Norway
Authors: Aasland Olaf G. , Rosta Judith , Nylenna Magne
Published: March 2010

Aims: To examine the trend in job satisfaction from 2000 to 2006 among Norwegian doctors, and the possible impact of two comprehensive healthcare reforms on doctors’ job satisfaction. Methods: The study population consisted of a representative sample of approximately 1,600 Norwegian doctors, selected from nationwide repeated postal surveys in 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006. The questionnaires contained the validated 10-item job satisfaction scale (JSS). Each item was scored on a seven-point Likert scale from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 7 (very satisfied). General linear modelling (GLM) controlled for gender, age, specialty and type of job was used to describe the trend in the score of JSS from 2000 to 2006. Results: The overall job satisfaction among Norwegian doctors was high and relatively stable from 2000 to 2004, with a non-significant dip in 2002. There was a significant increase in job satisfaction from 2000 to 2006. The job satisfaction was generally higher for older doctors than for younger doctors, but no gender difference was found. Private practice specialists were the most satisfied at all points in time, and general practitioners were more satisfied than hospital doctors. No significant or persistent impact of two healthcare reforms was found. Conclusion: Job satisfaction among Norwegian doctors is high and increasing. The lack of impact on this even from comprehensive healthcare reforms points to a robust satisfaction based on internal values more than external changes. The consistent finding of increasing — rather than declining — job satisfaction among Norwegian doctors, contrasts with widely held opinions in the public.
Studies on Preform Properties of Multilayer Interlocked Woven Structures Using Fabric Geometrical Factors
Authors: Padaki Naveen V. , Alagirusamy R. , Deopura B.L. , Fangueiro R.
Published: March 2010

Structure property correlation is a critical textile research area explored by various researchers and many factors have been proposed over the years to predict/compare/design the woven fabrics. Cross-over firmness factor (CFF) and floating yarn factor (FYF) have been recently proposed as parameters to understand weave effect on fabric properties (Morino, H., Matsudaira, M. and Furutani, M. (2005). Predicting Mechanical Properties and Hand Values from the Parameters of Weave Structures, Textile Research Journal, 75(3): 252—257). Redefined CFF and FYF factors using fabric fields in terms of interlacement index (I) and float index (F), respectively have been proposed in this article. This new approach provides better understanding of the interlacements and floats in the woven structure and further they are applied on multilayer interlocked fabrics to quantify the structural influence on the properties. Multilayer interlocked woven fabrics with different interlacement patterns have been developed. Influence of fabric structure on preform properties relevant for resin transfer molding composite manufacture, such as compression, permeability, and tensile behavior were studied with respect to the interlacement and float indices. Tensile and compression tests were conducted on universal testing machine. Liquid permeability of these structures was evaluated based on horizontal wicking and contact angle wettability tests. Results show that influence of structural factor is greater on tensile and permeability properties than the compression properties of these multilayer fabrics.
Leadership Lessons from the Fast Track Programme for Teachers in England
Authors: Jones Jeffrey
Published: March 2010

The Fast Track Teaching (FTT) programme in England, developed and funded by central government, is an accelerated leadership development programme designed for teachers in the early years of their careers. It was intended to promote their retention and rapid promotion in the profession through advancing their leadership skills. It provides a highly personalized programme of coaching, mentoring and development activities for teachers. Since its inception in 2001 annual recruitment has grown substantially and there are currently around 2000 teachers on the programme. The future of the programme is currently under review. This article reports the findings of a small-scale evaluation study of the experiences of a small number of teachers on the FTT programme currently. It attempts to capture participants’ perspectives on the programme and to contribute to the current knowledge base on accelerated leadership development. Eleven teachers from the programme were interviewed. The semi-structured interview schedule covered all aspects of provision from recruitment, through assessment to conclusion of the participants’ programme.

The main findings from the research are as follows: (1) All the participants were overwhelmingly positive about their experience on the programme. They found it inspirational and highly motivating. They also found it extremely supportive, allowing them to make a strong positive difference to the schools they were in. (2) All the participants believed that the programme had led to their more rapid career progress than otherwise would have been the case. Almost half had taken the opportunity to take higher degree programmes as part of the FTT offer. (3) All agreed that the personalization of the programme, the work of the personal leadership tutors and the support of participating head teachers were significant factors in the success of the programme. (4) All those interviewed found it difficult to suggest improvements for the programme. Minor difficulties encountered were cast as isolated events and not reflective of structural limitations of the provision.
Challenging School Leadership in Thailand’s Southern Border Provinces
Authors: Maxcy Brendan D. , Sungtong Ekkarin , Thu Su'o'ng Thi Nguyên
Published: March 2010

This article reports on the challenges facing public school leadership in southern Thailand, a region destabilized by renewal of a longstanding insurgency. Seeking to implement national educational reforms on shifting social, political and cultural terrain, educators in this region face extraordinary challenges as they reconsider and renegotiate an institutional position once perceived as secure. Focusing on two schools in one province, this article offers an account of the variety of challenges reported by principals working in this difficult environment. We find the principals employing number of bridging and buffering strategies as improvisational efforts to re-organize, re-establish and re-position the schools in their respective communities. In the concluding discussion, we surface concerns regarding the nature and naturalness, reason and reasonableness of these strategies within local administrative hegemony premised on market and colonial ideologies that may obscure impending legitimation issues.
Exhaled nitric oxide in the diagnosis and management of childhood asthma
Authors: Kercsmar Carolyn
Published: March 2010

The management of asthma in children and adolescents is currently guided by assessment of clinical symptoms, exacerbation risk and spirometric measure of lung function. The use of biomarkers, an objective measure which indicates normal or pathophysiologic processes and/or the response to a treatment intervention, could greatly enhance the efficacy and safety of current algorithms. Measurement of the fraction of expired nitric oxide in exhaled air (FeNO) has been suggested as a readily determined biomarker that can aid in the diagnosis and management of asthma. FeNO has been used to identify steroid responsive patients, adjust the dose of controller medications, most notably inhaled corticosteroids, and predict relapse during medication taper. In spite of early enthusiasm for the utility of this measure, more recent data suggest a more limited role for FeNO. This review will focus on the use of FeNO in the diagnosis and management of asthma in children and adolescents.
Music Educators’ Involvement in the Individual Education Program Process and Their Knowledge of Assistive Technology
Authors: McCord Kimberly A. , Watts Emily H.
Published: March 2010

In 1997, the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act of 1990 was amended to require that assistive technology be considered when preparing an individual education program (IEP). This study explored involvement of Midwestern music educators in the IEP development process as well as their knowledge and attitudes regarding use of assistive technology in teaching students with disabilities. Music educators reported that they continue to have a low level of self-reported involvement in educational planning for students with disabilities. Although music educators recognize the utility of assistive technology, their knowledge base remains limited. Music educators identified the need for better preparation to teach students with disabilities as well as improved interdisciplinary collaboration.
Hygiene inspections on passenger ships in Europe - an overview
Authors: Mouchtouri Varvara A , Westacott Sandra , Nichols Gordon , Riemer Tobias , Skipp Mel , Bartlett Christopher LR , Kremastinou Jenny , Hadjichristodoulou Christos ,   the SHIPSAN partnership**
Published: March 2010

Background

Hygiene inspections on passenger ships are important for the prevention of communicable diseases. The European Union (EU) countries conduct hygiene inspections on passenger ships in order to ensure that appropriate measures have been taken to eliminate potential sources of contamination which could lead to the spread of communicable diseases. This study was implemented within the framework of the EU SHIPSAN project and it investigates the legislation applied and practices of hygiene inspections of passenger ships in the EU Member States (MS) and European Free Trade Association countries.

Methods

Two questionnaires were composed and disseminated to 28 countries. A total of 92 questionnaires were completed by competent authorities responsible for hygiene inspections (n = 48) and the creation of legislation (n = 44); response rates were 96%, and 75.9%, respectively.

Results

Out of the 48 responding authorities responsible for hygiene inspections, a routine programme was used by 19 (39.6%) of these to conduct inspections of ships on national voyages and by 26 (54.2%) for ships on international voyages. Standardised inspection forms are used by 59.1% of the authorities. A scoring inspection system is applied by five (11.6%) of the 43 responding authorities. Environmental sampling is conducted by 84.1% of the authorities (37 out of 44). The inspection results are collected and analysed by 54.5% (24 out of 44) of the authorities, while 9 authorities (20.5%) declared that they publish the results. Inspections are conducted during outbreak investigations by 75% and 70.8% of the authorities, on ships on national and international voyages, respectively. A total of 31 (64.6%) and 39 (81.3%) authorities conducted inspections during complaint investigations on ships on international and on national voyages, respectively. Port-to-port communication between the national port authorities was reported by 35.4% (17 out of 48) of the responding authorities and 20.8% (10 out of 48) of the port authorities of other countries.

Conclusion

This study revealed a diversity of approaches and practices in the conduct of inspections, differences in the qualifications/knowledge/experience of inspectors, the legislation applied during inspections, and the lack of communication and training among many EU countries. An integrated European inspection programme involving competent expert inspectors in each EU Member States and special training for ship hygiene delivered to crew members and inspectors would help to minimize the risk of communicable diseases. Common inspection tools at a European level for hygiene inspection practices and port-to-port communication are needed.
Authors' opinions on publication in relation to annual performance assessment
Authors: Walker Robin L , Sykes Lindsay , Hemmelgarn Brenda R , Quan Hude
Published: March 2010

Background

In the past 50 years there has been a substantial increase in the volume of published research and in the number of authors per scientific publication. There is also significant pressure exerted on researchers to produce publications. Thus, the purpose of this study was to survey corresponding authors in published medical journals to determine their opinion on publication impact in relation to performance review and promotion.

Methods

Cross-sectional survey of corresponding authors of original research articles published in June 2007 among 72 medical journals. Measurement outcomes included the number of publications, number of authors, authorship order and journal impact factor in relation to performance review and promotion.

Results

Of 687 surveys, 478 were analyzed (response rate 69.6%). Corresponding authors self-reported that number of publications (78.7%), journal impact factor (67.8%) and being the first author (75.9%) were most influential for their annual performance review and assessment. Only 17.6% of authors reported that the number of authors on a manuscript was important criteria for performance review and assessment. A higher percentage of Asian authors reported that the number of authors was key to performance review and promotion (41.4% versus 7.8 to 22.2%). compared to authors from other countries.

Conclusions

The number of publications, authorship order and journal impact factor were important factors for performance reviews and promotion at academic and non-academic institutes. The number of authors was not identified as important criteria. These factors may be contributing to the increase in the number of authors per publication.
Suppressive effect of azithromycin on Plasmodium berghei mosquito stage development and apicoplast replication
Authors: Shimizu Shoichi , Osada Yoshio , Kanazawa Tamotsu , Tanaka Yoshiya , Arai Meiji
Published: March 2010

Background

Azithromycin (AZM) is a macrolide antibiotic that displays an excellent safety profile even in children and pregnant women and has been shown to have anti-malarial activity against blood stage Plasmodium falciparum. This study evaluated the transmission-blocking effect of AZM using a rodent malaria model.

Methods

AZM-treated mice infected with Plasmodium berghei were exposed to Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, followed by the observation of parasite development at different phases in the mosquito, i.e., ookinetes in the midgut, oocysts on the midgut, and sporozoites in the midgut and salivary glands. Furthermore, to evaluate the effect on organelle replication of each stage, quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed.

Results

The inhibitory effect of AZM was noticeable in both gametocyte-ookinete transformation in the midgut and sporozoite production in the oocyst, while the latter was most remarkable among all the developmental phases examined. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that AZM suppressed apicoplast replication at the period of sporozoite production in oocysts.

Conclusions

AZM inhibits parasite development in the mosquito stage, probably through the same mechanism as in the liver and blood stages. Such a multi-targeting anti-malarial, along with its safety, would be ideal for mass drug administration in malaria control programmes.
Specific effects of bortezomib against experimental malignant pleural effusion: a preclinical study
Authors: Psallidas Ioannis , Karabela Sophia P , Moschos Charalampos , Sherrill Taylor P , Kollintza Androniki , Magkouta Sophia , Theodoropoulou Panagiota , Roussos Charis , Blackwell Timothy S , Kalomenidis Ioannis , Stathopoulos Georgios T
Published: March 2010

Background

We have previously shown that nuclear factor (NF)-κ B activation of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) specifically promotes the induction of malignant pleural effusions (MPE) by these cells. In the present studies we hypothesized that treatment of immunocompetent mice with bortezomib tailored to inhibit cancer cell NF-κ B activation and not proliferation specifically inhibits MPE formation by LLC cells.

Results

Treatment of LLC cells with low concentrations of bortezomib (100 ng/ml) inhibited NF-κ B activation and NF-κ B-dependent transcription, but not cellular proliferation. Bortezomib treatment of immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice bearing LLC-induced subcutaneous tumors and MPEs significantly blocked tumor-specific NF-κ B activation. However, bortezomib treatment did not impair subcutaneous LLC tumor growth, but was effective in limiting LLC-induced MPE. This specific effect was evidenced by significant reductions in effusion accumulation and the associated mortality and was observed with both preventive (beginning before MPE formation) and therapeutic (beginning after MPE establishment) bortezomib treatment. The favorable impact of bortezomib on MPE was associated with suppression of cardinal MPE-associated phenomena, such as inflammation, vascular hyperpermeability, and angiogenesis. In this regard, therapeutic bortezomib treatment had identical favorable results on MPE compared with preventive treatment, indicating that the drug specifically counteracts effusion formation.

Conclusions

These studies indicate that proteasome inhibition tailored to block NF-κ B activation of lung adenocarcinoma specifically targets the effusion-inducing phenotype of this tumor. Although the drug has limited activity against advanced solid lung cancer, it may prove beneficial for patients with MPE.
Effect of adiponectin on bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation and embryo development
Authors: Maillard Virginie , Uzbekova Svetlana , Guignot Florence , Perreau Christine , Ramé Christelle , Coyral-Castel Stéphanie , Dupont Joëlle
Published: March 2010

Background

Adiponectin is an adipokine, mainly produced by adipose tissue. It regulates several reproductive processes. The protein expression of the adiponectin system (adiponectin, its receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 and the APPL1 adaptor) in bovine ovary and its role on ovarian cells and embryo, remain however to be determined.

Methods

Here, we identified the adiponectin system in bovine ovarian cells and embryo using RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we investigated in vitro the effects of recombinant human adiponectin (10 micro g/mL) on proliferation of granulosa cells (GC) measured by [3H] thymidine incorporation, progesterone and estradiol secretions measured by radioimmunoassay in the culture medium of GC, nuclear oocyte maturation and early embryo development.

Results

We show that the mRNAs and proteins for the adiponectin system are present in bovine ovary (small and large follicles and corpus luteum) and embryo. Adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were more precisely localized in oocyte, GC and theca cells. Adiponectin increased IGF-1 10(-8) M-induced GC proliferation (P < 0.01) but not basal or insulin 10(-8) M-induced proliferation. Additionally, adiponectin decreased insulin 10(-8) M-induced, but not basal or IGF-1 10(-8) M-induced secretions of progesterone (P < 0.01) and estradiol (P < 0.05) by GC. This decrease in insulin-induced steroidogenesis was associated with a decrease in ERK1/2 MAPK phosphorylation in GC pre-treated with adiponectin. Finally, addition of adiponectin during in vitro maturation affected neither the percentage of oocyte in metaphase-II nor 48-h cleavage and blastocyst day 8 rates.

Conclusions

In bovine species, adiponectin decreased insulin-induced steroidogenesis and increased IGF-1-induced proliferation of cultured GC through a potential involvement of ERK1/2 MAPK pathway, whereas it did not modify oocyte maturation and embryo development in vitro.
Episodes of Prolactin Gene Expression in GH3 Cells Are Dependent on Selective Promoter Binding of Multiple Circadian Elements
Authors: Bose Sudeep , Boockfor Fredric R.
Published: March 2010

Prolactin (PRL) gene expression in mammotropes occurs in pulses, but the mechanism(s) underlying this dynamic process remains obscure. Recent findings from our laboratory of an E-box in the rat PRL promoter (E-box133) that can interact with the circadian factors, circadian locomoter output cycles kaput (CLOCK) and brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein (BMAL)-1, and was necessary for pulse activity raised the intriguing possibility that the circadian system may be central to this oscillatory process. In this study, we used serum-shocked GH3 cells, established previously to synchronize PRL pulses between cells in culture, to reveal that pulses of PRL mRNA are linked temporally to the expression of bmal1, cry1, per1, and per3 mRNA in these cells. Moreover, we found that each of these circadian factors binds to the rat PRL promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Using EMSA analysis, we observed that two sites present in the proximal promoter region, E-box133 and E-box10, bind circadian factors differentially (E-box133 interacted with BMAL1, cryptochrome-1, period (PER)-1, and PER3 but not PER2 and E-box10 bound BMAL1, cryptochrome-1, PER2, PER3 but not PER1). More importantly, down-regulation of any factor binding E-box133 significantly reduced PRL mRNA levels during pulse periods. Our results demonstrate clearly that certain circadian elements binding to the E-box133 site are required for episodes of PRL mRNA expression in serum-shocked GH3 cultures. Moreover, our findings of binding-related differences between functionally distinct E-boxes demonstrate not only that E-boxes can bind different components but suggest that the number and type of circadian elements that bind to an E-box is central in dictating its function.
Set-Class Similarity, Voice Leading, and the Fourier Transform
Authors: Tymoczko Dmitri
Published: March 2010

In this article, I consider two ways to model distance (or inverse similarity) between chord types, one based on voice leading and the other on shared interval content. My goal is to provide a contrapuntal reinterpretation of Ian Quinn's work, which uses the Fourier transform to quantify similarity of interval content. The first section of the article shows how to find the minimal voice leading between chord types or set-classes. The second uses voice leading to approximate the results of Quinn's Fourier-based method. The third section explains how this is possible, while the fourth argues that voice leading is somewhat more flexible than the Fourier transform. I conclude with a few thoughts about realism and relativism in music theory.
Acting for the Right Reasons
Authors: Markovits Julia
Published: March 2010

This essay examines the thought that our right actions have moral worth only if we perform them for the right reasons. It argues against the view, often ascribed to Kant, that morally worthy actions must be performed because they are right and argues that Kantians and others ought instead to accept the view that morally worthy actions are those performed for the reasons why they are right. In other words, morally worthy actions are those for which the reasons why they were performed (the reasons motivating them) and the reasons why they morally ought to have been performed (the reasons morally justifying them) coincide. The essay calls this the Coincident Reasons Thesis and argues that it provides plausible necessary and sufficient conditions for morally worthy action, defending the claim against proposed counterexamples. It ends by showing that the plausibility of the thesis, which it argues is largely independent of any particular ethical standpoint, gives us some reason to doubt a class of ethical theories that includes utilitarianism.
Sip1, theDrosophilaorthologue of EBP50/NHERF1, functions with the sterile 20 family kinase Slik to regulate Moesin activity
Authors: Hughes Sarah C. , Formstecher Etienne , Fehon Richard G.
Published: March 2010

Organization of the plasma membrane in polarized epithelial cells is accomplished by the specific localization of transmembrane or membrane-associated proteins, which are often linked to cytoplasmic protein complexes, including the actin cytoskeleton. In this study, we identified Sip1 as a Drosophila orthologue of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) binding protein 50 (EBP50; also known as the Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor NHERF1). In mammals, EBP50/NHERF1 is a scaffold protein required for the regulation of several transmembrane receptors and downstream signal transduction activity. In Drosophila, loss of Sip1 leads to a reduction in Slik kinase protein abundance, loss of Moesin phosphorylation and changes in epithelial structure, including mislocalization of E-cadherin and F-actin. Consistent with these findings, Moesin and Sip1 act synergistically in genetic-interaction experiments, and Sip1 protein abundance is dependent on Moesin. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that Sip1 forms a complex with both Moesin and Slik. Taken together, these data suggest that Sip1 promotes Slik-dependent phosphorylation of Moesin, and suggests a mechanism for the regulation of Moesin activity within the cell to maintain epithelial integrity.
F-actin-binding protein drebrin regulates CXCR4 recruitment to the immune synapse
Authors: Pérez-Martínez Manuel , Gordón-Alonso Mónica , Cabrero José Román , Barrero-Villar Marta , Rey Mercedes , Mittelbrunn María , Lamana Amalia , Morlino Giulia , Calabia Carmen , Yamazaki Hiroyuki , Shirao Tomoaki , Vázquez Jesús , González-Amaro Roberto , Veiga Esteban , Sánchez-Madrid Francisco
Published: March 2010

The adaptive immune response depends on the interaction of T cells and antigen-presenting cells at the immune synapse. Formation of the immune synapse and the subsequent T-cell activation are highly dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. In this work, we describe that T cells express drebrin, a neuronal actin-binding protein. Drebrin colocalizes with the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and F-actin at the peripheral supramolecular activation cluster in the immune synapse. Drebrin interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of CXCR4 and both proteins redistribute to the immune synapse with similar kinetics. Drebrin knockdown in T cells impairs the redistribution of CXCR4 and inhibits actin polymerization at the immune synapse as well as IL-2 production. Our data indicate that drebrin exerts an unexpected and relevant functional role in T cells during the generation of the immune response.
Symptomatic Bradycardia with Oral Aripiprazole and Oral Ziprasidone
Authors: Snarr Brian S , Phan Stephanie V , Garner Amy , Vandenberg Amy M , Barth Kelly S
Published: March 2010

Objective

To describe the case of a patient who developed symptomatic bradycardia upon initiation of oral ziprasidone and later with oral aripiprazole, both of which resolved shortly after discontinuation of therapy.

Case summary

An 18-year-old female with bipolar disorder was started on oral ziprasidone 80 mg at night and the dose was subsequently increased to 120 mg for management of acute mania and delusions. The patient developed symptomatic bradycardia (heart rate 31–35 beats/min), which resolved after ziprasidone was decreased to 80 mg. Three months later, the patient was readmitted for treatment of bipolar mania with psychotic features in the context of medication nonadherence. She was started on oral aripiprazole 15 mg daily (subsequently increased to 20 mg) in conjunction with 600 mg lithium carbonate twice daily. The patient again developed symptomatic bradycardia that resolved after discontinuation of aripiprazole.

Discussion

This is the first case report of symptomatic bradycardia associated with the use of ziprasidone or aripiprazole. The Naranjo probability scale suggests that the likelihood of the atypical antipsychotic as the cause of bradycardia is probable for both ziprasidone and aripiprazole. Symptomatic bradycardia with the use of other atypical antipsychotics has been reported in the literature. Little is known about the mechanisms that contribute to the antipsychotic-associated bradycardia response.

Conclusions

Further studies are needed to better determine the relationship between antipsychotics and reflex bradycardia. Although bradycardia remains a relatively uncommon phenomenon seen with the use of these medications, the severity of this potential adverse effect warrants consideration when initiating antipsychotic therapy.
The Hand of God: Capitalism, Inequality, and Moral Geographies in Mississippi After Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Hayden Bridget
Published: March 2010

Within the United States, Mississippi often represents all that the country is not. However, within the state, the cultural geography is more complex and the area most affected by Hurricane Katrina is seen as least like the state as a whole. After Katrina, the state symbolically reincorporated the coast while aligning itself with the values of the nation. Ironically, it was the destruction of the space/time of modernity characterizing the country that made this possible. As reconstruction progresses, differences within communities by class and between regions have been reconstituted along with the market and the space of modernity.
The Hacker Conference: A Ritual Condensation and Celebration of a Lifeworld
Authors: Coleman Gabriella
Published: March 2010

This piece draws on ethnographic experience at various hacker conferences to rethink how face-to-face interactions work in concert with digital interactivity to constitute social worlds. Through a process of ritual condensation and emotional celebration, the conference works to perform and thus confirm what are otherwise more frequent, though more prosaic forms of virtual sociality. This focus allows me to decenter the historical priority placed on digital interactivity and examine the complementary and intertwined relationships between face-to-face interactions and online interactivity among a group of people often thought of as the quintessential digital subjects. More generally, approaching the conference in light of its ritual characteristics may also demonstrate how social enchantment and moral solidarity, often thought to play only a marginal role in the march of secular and liberal modernity, is in fact central to its unfolding.
Science of Uncertainty: Making Cases for Drug Incorporation in Brazil
Authors: Gertner Alex
Published: March 2010

Public health efforts around the globe are increasingly dominated by concerns over access to high-cost medicines. These drugs bring new benefits and potential risks to bear on populations and greatly impact government budgets and priorities. This article explores how scientific evidence is being mobilized to inform decisions concerning the incorporation of health technologies in Brazil. I conducted interviews with experts and observed the work of a start-up company based in Rio de Janeiro that performs economic analyses on behalf of the pharmaceutical industry. These analyses are used by the Ministry of Health to decide whether or not to incorporate new technologies. The article shows that, in performing economic analyses, company employees sought to locate/construct from known/measured parameters, a need/demand for the drug within the public system, thus creating a market. Uncertainty is not merely an incidental obstacle of the company's work but a core feature of its practice. The strategic use of uncertainty allows for the displacement of public health priorities by commercial interests and the supplanting of what is sensibly sound by what is methodologically permissible.
"Tryin' to Get Over": Super Fly , Black Politics, and Post–Civil Rights Film Enterprise
Authors: Quinn Eithne
Published: March 2010

Super Fly was a landmark case of African American participation in major-release filmmaking. The film's narrative about Harlem cocaine dealers dramatized black business dynamism operating inside white-dominated power structures, and this spoke reflexively to the circumstances of the film's making. This essay offers a reappraisal of Super Fly and new perspectives on the blaxploitation cycle in light of post–civil rights opportunities and constraints.
Prichard, Falk, and the End of Deliberation
Authors: Johnson Robert N.
Published: March 2010

In moral deliberations we must be acquainted beforehand with all the objects, and all their relations to each other; and from a comparison of the whole, fix our choice or approbation. No new fact to be ascertained; no new relation to be discovered …. If any material circumstance be yet unknown or doubtful, we must first employ our inquiry or intellectual faculties to assure us of it; and must suspend for a time a moral decision or sentiment. - David Hume

Although many associate the terms with Bernard Williams’ work on practical reason, the terms ‘intemalism’ and ‘externalism,’ along with the general contours of debates in ethical theory between views so dubbed, were originally introduced by W.O. Falk in a response to H.A. Prichard's intuitionist account of ‘ought.’
Subjectivism and Blame
Authors: Sobel David
Published: March 2010

My own conclusion is that “One ought to be moral” makes no sense at all unless the “ought” has the moral subscript, giving a tautology, or else relates morality to some other system such as prudence or etiquette. I am, therefore putting forward quite seriously a theory that disallows the possibility of saying that a man ought (free unsubscripted “ought“) to have ends other than those he does have.- Philippa Foot

H.A. Prichard's “Does Moral Philosophy Rest on a Mistake?”, like Descartes Meditations, is remembered better for the skeptical moment in the author's thinking than for its unskeptical conclusions. Prichard's paper is complicated, but the lore about its message is simple. The lore is that Prichard pointed out that in trying to vindicate the reason-giving power of morality we might do so by appealing to moral norms or to non-moral norms. If we appeal to moral norms, then we are only justifying a standard in terms of that standard and just about any old standard could survive such a test.
Moral Reasons and Rational Status
Authors: Gert Joshua
Published: March 2010

The question “Why be moral?” is open to at least three extremely different interpretations. One way to distinguish these interpretations is by picturing the question as being asked by, respectively, Allan, who is going to act immorally unless he can be convinced to act otherwise, Beth, who is perfectly happy to do what is morally required on a certain occasion but who wants to know what is it about the act that makes it morally required, and Charles, who is trying to understand why rational people act morally. An answer to the question as understood by Allan is, for some, the holy grail of moral philosophy, and it is also perhaps the default understanding of the question. The question as asked by Beth is what David Copp, in his contribution to this volume, calls the “why-think-morality-requires-this” question. The question as asked by Charles can be called the “what-rationally-justifies-moral-behaviour” question. Charles’ question, importantly, is about rationalpermissibility,and it is most pointed when moral behaviour requires sacrifice.
Prichard vs. Plato: Intuition vs. Reflection
Authors: Lebar Mark
Published: March 2010

When H.A. Prichard launched his attack on the “mistake” in moral philosophy of “supposing the possibility of proving what can only be apprehended directly by an act of moral thinking,” he had Plato squarely in his sights. I Plato, in fact, is the poster boy for the strategy of trying to “supply by a process of reflection a proof of the truth of what … they have prior to reflection believed immediately or without proof.” As if this were not mistake enough, Prichard charges Plato with being the “most significant instance” of the error of trying to “justify morality by its profitableness,” because Plato's general acuity brings into sharp relief just how pernicious is the temptation to offer such justifications. Prichard has in view Plato's attempt inRepublicto demonstrate that justice isoikeion agathon- one's own good - and Prichard complains that at best such an account can make uswantto be just, rather than show us that we areobligatedto be just, as direct apprehension purports to do.
Deflationary Normative Pluralism
Authors: Tiffany Evan
Published: March 2010

Let us give voice to this new demand: we need a critique of moral values, the value of these values should itself, for once, be examined. -Friedrich Nietzsche

Anyone who, stimulated by education, has come to feel the force of the various obligations in life, at some time or other comes to feel the irksomeness of carrying them out, and to recognize the sacrifice of interest involved; and, if thoughtful, he inevitably puts to himself the question: “Is there really a reason why I should act in the ways in which hitherto I have thought I ought to act? … Should I not really be justified in simply trying to have a good time?” -H.A. Prichard
The Wrong Answer to an Improper Question?
Authors: Copp David
Published: March 2010

A person who sees that she morally ought to do something might wonder whether it would make sense for her to do it. Perhaps Aurelia is on a crowded bus, standing next to an old man whose wallet is almost falling out of his pocket. She says, “I see that the morally right thing would be to warn this man to take care of his wallet. But why should I do the right thing? In fact, why shouldn't I steal his wallet? It would be wrong of me to do this, but so what? No one is looking. I won't get caught. What's to fear?“

We can imagine different scenarios of this kind. In one scenario, Aurelia is on the verge of deciding to steal the old man's wallet. She believes it would be wrong to do this, and she is asking whether there is any (further) reason not to go ahead.
Feminism and Eighteenth-Century Studies: Working in the Bordello of History
Authors: Mowry Melissa
Published: March 2010

Feminism's early interventions in the study of Anglophone culture over the long eighteenth century were bold and radically altered our understanding of the period. But this sea-change has also been shadowed by a sense of anxiety and an underlying fear that in achieving its most prominent goal feminism rendered itself obsolete. Once the question of the canon had been ceded, what was there left for feminism to contribute to eighteenth-century studies? The most sustained response to the question has come from scholars following the lead of "new formalism" who have argued either explicitly or implicitly that feminism's most valuable contribution to eighteenth-century studies now lies in the realm of epistemology generally and aesthetics in particular. However, as Marjorie Levinson has argued recently, "new formalism" never really rose to the level of a "theory" because it never fully articulated what was at stake in its arguments and was, thus, ill-equipped to devise a methodology. Likewise, the new "feminist epistemologies" have inspired nuanced, highly insightful, local readings of specific authors that seem ill-equipped to disclose how it is that they advance, participate in, or even foreground feminism beyond the fact that that they tend to focus on women writers struggling with the gendered contradictions of their own and/or their readers' aesthetic pleasure. While the effort to open a new frontier in feminism and eighteenth-century studies is valuable, and, indeed, much work remains to be done by feminists on both the aesthetic and on epistemology, it is disturbing that the trumpeting of a "new feminism" is attended by a sense that we have finished our business with the past. I want to suggest here that, as feminists, our business with history is not done by half, and beyond that our business with History as both a political and a social fiction is exactly what we need to be focusing on.
Feminist Biography: A Contradiction in Terms?
Authors: Zinsser Judith P.
Published: March 2010

This essay describes the contradictions posed for biographers by the imperatives of the feminist historical enterprise: to chronicle the lives of all women, not just the exceptional; to treat all texts critically; to acknowledge personal biases. A number of feminist biographies serve as examples of possible responses to these inherent challenges.
The Achievement of Scholarly Authority for Women: Trends in the Interpretation of Eighteenth-Century Fiction
Authors: Bowers Toni
Published: March 2010

This essay offers a broadly drawn sketch of some representative questions and methods that have emerged since the Caucus was founded in 1973, by observing trends in current work, and by broaching some predictions about directions that scholarly work by members of the Caucus might be expected to take in the future, and provides a bibliography of primary and secondary works (mostly limited to book-length studies of fiction with an emphasis on gender) to give a sense of the breadth of the work of eighteenth-century female writers, and to reveal how eighteenth-century generic divisions were not always as stable as critics suppose.
Phillis Wheatley's Ghosts: The Racial Melancholy of New England Protestants
Authors: Thorn Jennifer
Published: March 2010

This essay corrects the inattention of Wheatley scholarship to the contexts of gender, both racially—and regionally—inflected, in which she lived and worked, in order to reread Wheatley's family elegies and to revise and extend Anne Anlin Cheng's model of "racial melancholy." Northern "family slavery" differed from Southern slavery in its anti-reproductivity: where Southern slavery valued fecundity in enslaved women, the shared living quarters and different functions of Northern slavery relative to its economy led to a valorization of female sterility, as is evident above all in newspaper ads of the day seeking sale of fecund women and giving away unwanted slave children. Missing Wheatley's sexuality is of a piece with missing her slavery; both reflect the persistent effacement of the gendered particularities of northern slavery and of the complex ways that Protestantism was enlisted both to defend and to challenge chattel slavery in New England. This perspective sharpens our sense both of Wheatley's typicality and atypicality as alate eighteenth-century female New England bondswoman, and it illuminates her poetry.