bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of acoustic emission behaviour during early-age cement paste hydration
Authors: Shawkey M A , Abdelzaher M A , Mahmoud H M , Rashad M M
Published: February 2021

Valuation of Portland cement hydration using non-destructive techniques at early age is of great interest for predicting its thermal and durability characteristics. The acoustic emission (AE) technique is verified to be a high-quality non-destructive tool for real-time monitoring of structural micro-changes during the lifetime of Cement-based material composites. In this study, AE was applied to study the relationship between recorded signal and mechanisms that were happened during cement paste hydration. By using AE sensors, Portland cement paste samples with w/c ratio of 0.33 and 0.4 were explored during the first 72 h of casting. The AE resulting signals in each stage of hydration were studied to describe the various mechanisms that were running throughout the hydration process.
Antidiabetic effects of curcumin/zinc oxide nanocomposite in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Abd El-Aziz S M , Raslan M , Afify M , Abdelmaksoud M D E , El-Nesr K A
Published: February 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a tremendously widespread endocrine disease that causes many complications risking patient’s quality of life. The current study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of curcumin nanoparticles (Curc-NPs), Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), and Curcumin/Zinc oxide nanocomposite (Curc/ZnO-NC) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Results are compared to rats treated by traditional anti-diabetic Diamicron and to normal non-diabetic rats. Adult Wistar albino rats with weight (180-200 g) were divided into 6 groups, each group contains 8 rats (4 males and 4 females). To induce type 2 DM, five groups were injected intraperitoneal with a single dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. freshly prepared STZ. Each group of diabetic rats were treated orally with a daily dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. of Curc-NPs, 10 mg/kg b.w. of both ZnO-NPs & Curc/ZnO-NC, and 5 mg/kg b.w. of Diamicron for 21 days. The antidiabetic potential of every treatment against diabetic rats was evaluated by investigating different biochemical parameters (glucose, insulin, urea, creatinine, HbA1-C, AST, ALT) and histopathological parameters as well as protein expression of Glucokinase (GK) and Glucose transporter protein 2 (GLUT-2) in the pancreas and livers of diabetic rats. All treated groups showed significant reduction in blood glucose, elevated insulin levels, regulated GLUT-2 and GK genes, however, Curc/ZnO-NC showed the most potent anti-diabetic activity compared to normal rats, the histopathological findings correlate with the achieved data.
Effect of hydrothermal time and acid-washing on the antibacterial activity of Sodium titanate nanotubes
Authors: Mohamed H , Zaki A H , Abo El-Ela Fatma I , El-dek S I
Published: February 2021

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has been a major concern globally. In this work, sodium and hydrogen titanate nanotubes were successfully synthesised using a facile hydrothermal technique. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, HRTEM surface area analyser, hydrodynamic size analyser and zeta potential. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) measurements besides agar well diffusion method showed good antimicrobial activity of both nanotubes. The antimicrobial activity of sodium titanate nanotubes prepared at 6 and 23 hr., and their hydrogen exchanged forms; (HTNT) and (HTNS) explored good antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria besides their antifungal activity which reflects their importance in treatment of bacterial infections causing serious diseases in both animal and human.
Effect of La doping on the structural and gas sensing properties of PbS thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Hamdedein A , Aboud A A , El Rouby W M A , Khan M D , Farghali A A , Khedr M H , Revaprasadu N
Published: February 2021

Phase pure PbS and lanthanum doped PbS thin films have been deposited by the spray pyrolysis technique. All the deposited films were gray to black, pin hole free and strongly adherent to the ITO glass substrates. The substrate temperature was varied between 450 and 500 °C, with doping concentration ratios of 1, 5 and 10% for La. The doping performed at 450 °C, showed phase segregation whereas successful incorporation of La in the PbS lattice was achieved at 500 °C. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction (p-XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV). The sensitivity of the as deposited thin films was also tested against hydrogen gas. The sensor material was exposed to a low concentration of 200 ppm of the target gas to determine the sensitivity performance of the sensor, at different temperatures while measuring the variation in the resistance. The doping of lanthanum significantly enhances the sensitivity of the PbS thin films against the target gas. The gas sensor exhibited n-type conductivity as confirmed by the decrease in resistance on exposure to hydrogen. The as prepared catalysts show good sensing behavior near room temperature and at low concentration of hydrogen at 200 ppm without the need to apply an external voltage.
Express ultra-jet diagnostics of defect resistance for surface layer of a material
Authors: Barzov A A , Galinovskiy A L , Prokhorova M A
Published: February 2021

In the manufacture of products of modern technology, such technologies of waterjet processing as water jet cutting are successfully used for cutting materials. However, the physical and energy basis of ultrajet technology predetermines a much broader scope of its practical applications. Most of modern technical products are made of composite materials. Moreover, some of them were obtained by innovative methods, for instance, selective laser fusion, which complicates their diagnostics. This article proposes an innovative method for determining a new informative parameter characterizing the defect resistance of various materials. This technique is based on the process of hydro-erosive destruction in the process of ultrajet exposure to a high-energy jet on the surface of the material being diagnosed. Ultra-jet diagnostics (UJD) is based on the analysis of the dependence of the characteristics of local hydro-erosion of the diagnosed area of the surface of the object under analysis (OA) on the parameters of its quality. Surface quality parameters include physical and mechanical properties (PMP) and the degree of operational and technological damage. In this article a new formula has been developed that numerically determines the degree of defect resistance of materials. Experimental testing of this technique on some types of modern materials confirms its reliability. The directions of the future development of the research results are formulated.
Ways of abrasive blasting technology development
Authors: Sychuk V A , Zabolotnyi O V
Published: February 2021

Having analysed problems in abrasive blasting processing, we present solutions. To reduce the probability of failure of the abrasive blasting nozzle, it is necessary to reduce or eliminate the fact of its wear using the air layer between the inner working wall of this tool with the flow of abrasive particles. It is also preferable to remake the layout of the nozzle from solid to assembled unit in order to replace with a new part of the nozzle, which can still become wear-off because of some reasons. As a result of implementation of such abrasive blasting nozzle, there was a need to develop the method of its use. Regarding the quality control of the processed surface, it is usually carried out in such ways: visually during processing; after processing; due to certain processing modes, which are predicted to provide a given surface quality. Using the methods presenting above it is impossible to quantify the quality of the surface, especially during machining. Accordingly, the processed part in some cases returns to machining again. Therefore, it is suggested that active control should be applied, namely to measure, for example, the roughness of the resulting surface during processing. If the degree of roughness is not reached, a signal is sent to the worker or the automated system about the need to finish the surface, or change the processing modes, which will provide the desired result.
Application of interface guided waves for structural health monitoring of hybrid bonded joints
Authors: Jahanbin Mark
Published: February 2021

The application of ultrasonic interface guided waves for the inspection of adhesively bonded joints is studied. A thin adhesive layer forms a bond line between the surfaces of distinct structural elements. This work demonstrates the formation of specific ultrasonic guided waves which are propagating on the boundaries of bonded joints and can be used for health monitoring of adhesive bonds. Interface waves are extremely sensitive to changes in elastic and plastic characteristics such as density and viscosity of the adhesive layer. Using finite element simulations, the changes in propagation of wave form, attenuation of leaky interface wave and Time of Flight (TOF) were observed and recorded as a baseline. Then the pervasive effect of bonding failure on these parameters are used for damage detection in adhesive bonded joints. The cohesive damages such as dis-bond and delamination are slowing down interface wave speed depending on size and location, and the adhesive properties also change the Time of Flight of propagating wave. The results of this study show that interface waves can be used to inspect adhesively bonded joints and, possibly, to determine the strength of the bond line and predict the failure mechanisms of bonded structures.
Study of the Destruction of Carbon Composite Panel using High-Speed Jet of Liquid
Authors: Abashin M I , Galinovskiy A L , Htet Kyaw Myo , Denisova A V , Erokhin S A , Chzheniuan TSzia
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the task of assessing the damage of carbon fibre plastics arising from the destructive effect of radiation using the diagnostic capabilities of ultra-jet technology. A technique is proposed for determining the thickness of a carbon fibre package that can protect an imaginary interior from the negative effects of radiation waves. As informative diagnostic parameters in the method, the geometrical dimensions of the cavern created on the surface of the sample following exposure to a high-speed jet of liquid (water) are used. Based on the results of the experiments, it was found that a decrease in the depth value indicates a decrease in the penetrating effect of radiation and the destruction of the binder in the structure of the composite material.
Influence of the profile of longitudinal grooves of various depths on increasing static characteristics of radial gas bearings
Authors: Vishtak I V , Petrov O V , Savulyak V I , Sukhorukov S I
Published: February 2021

Radial gas bearings with one line for supplying compressed gas to the working gap with blind microgrooves of constant width and variable depth of the different profiles are considered. Such as with constant depth microgrooves; triangular or stepwise with decreasing depth of grooves along the course of compressed gas. For them, the radial lifting force, the recovery moment for angular displacements of shaft in the range of constancy of radial and angular stiffness and consumption of compressed gas for the bearing’s work are found. Calculations and studies have shown that a radial bearing with longitudinal microgrooves whose depth decreases linearly in the direction of gas flow has a large radial lifting force and a recovery moment for angular displacements of shaft compared to a bearing with microgrooves of constant depth. Bearings with stepped longitudinal microgrooves with greater depth at the entrance to working gap are operable in the range of practical use of bearings and have greater dimensionless radial and angular stiffness and are more economical compared to bearings with microgrooves of constant depth. In practical activities (when designing spindle units), it is not recommended to use gas bearings with a variable depth of microgrooves having a minimum depth at the entrance to working gap. With optimal design parameters, the flow rate of compressed gas for bearings with longitudinal microgrooves of different transverse profiles with alignment of shaft and sleeve is almost the same (the difference is about 7, 8%).
Ultralight structurally optimized carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite wing designing based on parametric modelling and topology optimization
Authors: Baranovski S V , Mikhailovskiy K V
Published: February 2021

The passenger aircraft wing is an extremely complex object, especially in design, in which it is necessary to take into account many different factors, physical processes and phenomena both in individual areas of science and engineering, and at their junction. The main enlarged areas and issues that are solved during the development of wings include aerodynamics, aeroelasticity, strength, stability, and manufacturability. All this causes significant time and labour costs, especially at the stage of design calculations. In this connection, the urgent task of compiling a universal integrated methodology for designing a wing of polymer composite materials, which allows to accelerate and facilitate the selection of design parameters at the stage of outline design. The methodology being developed is tested on the passenger aircraft wing and takes into account the choice of the geometric shape of the wing, taking into account optimal aerodynamics and minimizing the operating loads, determining the position of the main power elements providing the necessary structural strength, as well as calculating the main structural parameters of individual polymer composite elements.
Prediction and detection of primary microcracks in carbon fiber reinforced polymer under load
Authors: Mikhaylovskiy K V , Reznik S V
Published: February 2021

Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) are widely used in the manufacturing of critical parts and structures in the aerospace industry due to the combination of low density, high strength, and stiffness. Production of parts and structures with pre-predicted properties is a difficult task provided significant anisotropy of physical properties and complex microstructure. The solution to this problem has to be based on the correct mathematical model describing the behavior of parts and structures made of CFRP under operational loads. Moreover, experimental data on physical, mechanical, and thermophysical properties and their change depending on the number of loading cycles has to be implemented. In view of the above, prediction of the occurrence and development of microcracks in the material becomes significant. The aim of this article is to develop algorithms for prediction and detection of primary microcracks in CFRP under loading using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors and multiscale mathematical modeling. The results of measuring the primary residual deformations in the plates made of CFRP at the manufacturing stage by embedded FBG sensors and testing its performance under loading was presented. Multiscale mathematical modeling of a numerical experiment performed to evaluate the occurrence of areas of primary microcracks in CFRP under loads. It is demonstrated that splitting of peaks of resonant wavelengths of embedded FBG sensors indicates the occurrence of primary damage and microcracks.
Parametric identification of thermophysical characteristics of heat-protective decaying materials
Authors: Aldebenev N S , Yu Ganigin S , Demoretsky D A , Diligenskaya A N , Yu Livshits M
Published: February 2021

The paper presents a method of identifying the thermophysical properties of heat-protective materials of complex multi-component composition used in structures to meet the specified requirements for their resistance to external temperature influence. The research is dedicated to the study of a thermal barrier coating material containing chemically active components that enter into a chemical decomposition process, accompanied by the heat absorption. The equivalent specific heat capacity of the material reflects its thermophysical properties, taking into account the endothermic reaction. The equivalent specific heat capacity is identified by solving the inverse heat conduction problem using the results of temperature measurement in a multi-layer structure element during the thermophysical experiment. Regularization of this incorrect inverse problem is performed when it is transformed into a mini-max parametric problem of semi-infinite optimization. The results of differential thermal analysis and known qualitative laws of endothermic reactions make it possible to narrow the set of feasible solutions to the level of a compact set of piecewise continuous functions of a special structure, which provides a reduction to the parametric optimization problem. The minimax problem is solved by an alternance optimization method. The results obtained confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method for solving applied problems.
Effects of Surface Reactions during Friction on Tribological Characteristics of PTFE-Muscovite Composites
Authors: Sleptsova S A , Okhlopkova A A , Kapitonova Iu V , Lazareva N N , Vasiliev A P , Nikiforov L A , Tarasova P N , Laukkanen S
Published: February 2021

This work presents the results of tribological and structural investigations of polymer composites based on polytetrafluoroethylene and muscovite. It is shown that the wear resistance of the composites increased up to 675 times in comparison with the initial polymer. The increase of wear resistance is attributed to the occurrence of tribo-oxidation processes on the friction surface, which have been confirmed by various investigations. Thus, IR spectroscopy showed that carboxylate anions are formed on the friction surface of composites during friction processes. An increase in oxygen and a decrease in carbon and fluorine concentrations on the composite surface have been detected after friction using the EDS analysis. The results of XPS have confirmed the destruction of C-F bonds and the formation of new oxygen-containing compounds. These research methods indicated the occurrence of tribo-oxidative processes during friction.
Working efficiency analysis of space mirror antenna reflector made of composite materials
Authors: Azhevsky Y A
Published: February 2021

The study is devoted to the possibility of using composite materials, composite sandwich panels and composite mesh structures as constructions for space mirror antennas using at space satellites. The modelling of the thermal and stress-strain states of the structure, which are characteristic of radiation heat transfer in open space operating conditions, has been carried out. Based on the results obtained, a design with the best indicators of mass-dimensional stability under operating conditions was selected.
Design, development and performance evaluation of a large-scale hybrid solar dryer
Authors: Naigam A P V , Ridzuan I M B , Tan A S T , Abdullah A , Wan Ismail W A A Z , Janaun J
Published: February 2021

A large-scale hybrid solar dryer was developed to account the limitations encountered in traditional open sun drying. With loading capacity of 500 kg and incorporated with a hybrid heating control system, this dryer is suitable for industrial drying that requires large drying capacity and products with high moisture content. In addition, this drying system offers flexibility in switching between different combinations of air vents based on the drying purpose required. Chaotic air flow produced in the drying chamber ensure uniform temperature distribution across the drying trays in an updraft air movement. Potential application of the drying system for durian skin and chili drying were tested. Based on the performance evaluation, a maximum temperature and maximum average temperature of 66°C and 59°C, respectively, was attained in the drying chamber. The drying of chilli with the drying temperature set at 50°C and operating condition of using the ventilation fan and opening the air vent achieved the drying time of 5 days or 45 hours in total, equivalent to 9 hours of drying time per day.
Effects of variable heat source on convective motion in an anisotropic porous layer
Authors: Nagarathnamma H , Ananda K , Gangadharaiah Y H
Published: February 2021

The onset of convective motion in a fluid saturated anisotropic porous medium layer is examined analytically in the occurrence of the qualitative effect of the source of variable internal heat. Three different kinds of heat source functions: (i) N (z) = z (linear) (ii)N(z) = z2 (parabolic) and (iii) N (z) = z
3 (cubic) are considered. The resulting eigenvalue problem was analytically solved using regular perturbation technique. A parametric study is carried out by varying the following parameters: the heat source parameter (X), thermal anisotropy parameter(n), and mechanical anisotropy parameter(ξ). Results indicates that the effects of the increasing values of λ and ξ will enhance the convection of a anisotropic porous layer system while the increasing of n will help to stabilize the system. It is also noted that for case (iii) the system is more stable, while for case (i) the system is more unstable
Bounds for α—Adjacency Energy of a Graph
Authors: Shanmukha B. , Shwetha H. N , Manjunath N
Published: February 2021

Recently Nikiforov et.al [9] put forward theα—adjacencey energy of a graphG. In this paper, we continue the work onα—adjacencey energy and obtain bounds for this new parameter in terms of order, size and the first Zagreb index.
Polymethacrylic acid functionalised with dihydroxy benzene as an adsorbent for the removal of Malachite Green dye
Authors: Devakumar J , Ramesh V , Amaladass P , Jaya Santhi R
Published: February 2021

The present work reports the investigation performed by comparing the adsorption abilities of modified/grafted polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) functionalized with dihydroxy benzene like catechol (CAT) and catechol-hydroquinone (CAT-HQ) by an oxidative decarboxylation method using potassium dichromate as an oxidant to absorb Malachite green (MG) dye from aqueous solution through batch experiments. The percentage of substitution of monomers with PMAA was found to be 94.5% and 95.7% for PMAA/CAT and PMAA/CAT-HQ respectively. The FTIR and SEM studies were determined to reveal the modification of PMAA. In order to efficiently extract malachite green from the aqueous solution, the effects of different parameters like contact time, pH, dye concentration and adsorbent dosage were systematically studied. The change on the surface morphology of the polymers after the adsorption of dye was analysed using FT-IR spectra and SEM images and found to have considerable changes after the adsorption of the chosen dye. The test of adsorption studies has shown that the Langmuir isotherm model is better than the Freundlich model. The monolayer adsorption capacity of PMAA/CAT and PMAA/CAT-HQ were found to be 97mg/g and 102 mg/g at 31°C.
Evaluating Self-sensing Property of Carbon Fibre Cement Composite by experimental study and Finite Element Modelling For Structural Health Monitoring Applications
Authors: Roopa A.K , Hunashyal Anand M.
Published: February 2021

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a novel area of research and it is the process of implementing a damage detection strategy. The initial step of implementation a SHM system involves, incorporating structural self-sensing capability of material to achieve the reliability and possesses long term stability. Smart sensing technologies involves the applications of fiber optic sensors and self-diagnosing fiber reinforced composites which possess important capabilities of monitoring various physical or chemical parameters to achieve the durable service life of structures. The addition Carbon fiber to concrete composites possess the electric properties, therefore it can be used as Smart sensing composite that provide the capability of non-destructive flaw detection in structures. In this paper, carbon fiber (CF’s) is added to cement composite to attain piezoresistive properties of composite. This carbon fiber is added in the composite by forming tube which act as conductive element. Later on, electromechanical test is conducted to this sensor by embedded into structural elements that is in beam and column to evaluate self-sensing properties. Scanning electron microscope is carried to understand the morphology of sample. A Finite elemental modeling is done to validate this experimental result. A FEA modelling is carried out using ANSYS software, subjected to steady steady static loading and electric analysis were done. Form the experimental is observed that addition carbon fiber induces conductivity property and the resistance decrease for failure load. The resistivity from experimental study observed is 9.2 kilo ohms and 11.2 kilo ohms for embedded carbon fibre sensor into beam and column respectively. The percentage error in electrical analysis of experimental tests compared with analytical modelling, found to be 15 %. Based on these results it can be concluded that carbon fiber cement composites have great potential and they can be used for structural health monitoring applications.
Response spectrum analysis of a G+4 building with mass irregularity on a sloped surface
Authors: Anirudh Raajan V , Balaji G C , Vasavi V
Published: February 2021

The behaviour and stability of a multi-storey building in a sloped region depends on structural configuration. Irregularities in the structure are recognized as one of the chief sources of its failure. Structures commonly have a grouping of irregularities such as vertical irregularity, mass regularity, stiffness irregularity etc. Also, for the analysis of such a structure, it is necessary to carry out dynamic analysis to determine the maximum peak response of the building with respect to the natural time period. Since it would be difficult to get the time history record for all the places, it is feasible to go with Response Spectrum Analysis. In this paper, a G+4 RCC building having each storey of height 3.5m placed in the sloping ground with horizontal angle of inclination 20° for the purpose of dwelling of people during disaster with one of the storey to be used for storage of food and water which induces Mass irregularity. The structure is modelled in ETABS software. Here the mass irregularity is induced at every storey by inducing on one storey at a time for 3 different zones (III, IV, V) and the same has been analysed by inducing gravity loads and seismic load cases using Response Spectrum Analysis. The response of the structure with respect to variation in the Storey Drift and Storey displacement has been recorded and will be discussed elaborately.
Effect of elevated temperature on the mechanical strength of glass mortar
Authors: Patil S S , Patil Y D
Published: February 2021

This experimental study aimed to investigate the elevated temperature behavior of glass powder (GP) as a partial replacement of Portland cement. The residual compressive strength is an essential consideration for the sustainability of newly introduced supplementary cementitious material at elevated temperatures. For this study, the powder of waste glass was used to replace portland cement in the proportion of 0%, 10%,20%, and 30%. For fundamental understanding, the compressive strength test was carried out on samples after exposure to high temperature with two different cooling regimes. The experimental result reveals that the mortar mix with cement replaced by 20% GP for both cooling conditions retained more relative residual strength and showed sound behavior compare to the reference sample. The mortar sample with 20% glass powder replacement shows better performance with lower strength loss for both cooling regimes. For air cooling samples, the average strength loss was 27.0% compared to 31.2% of the reference sample. In water cooling samples, the average strength loss was 25.4% compared to the 30.7% reference sample. The two distinct temperature ranges were observed regarding the effect of glass powder replacement on mortar strength under elevated temperature. For temperature above 400 °C average strength loss was 38.62% in the mortar with glass powder and 35.60%in reference sample for water cooling condition. Similarly, for air-cooling samples, the average strength loss was 51.8% compared to 48.90% of the reference sample. Therefore, the lesser strength loss of mortars containing glass powder may be related with their low calcium hydroxide content.
Machine learning approach for categorical document mining
Authors: Sarma P , Deka H
Published: February 2021

The word text mining or document mining means automatic classification of text documents to different categories depending on their content. At present days this area of research is attracting many researchers due to increasing use of electronic documents in everyday life. In this paper authors have proposed a document mining method using Bisecting K-means algorithm, KNN classifier and Decision tree. There are many machine learning classification algorithms used for information retrieval. But most of them have very high computational complexity. So a method Bisecting K – Means clustering algorithm instead of normal K-means algorithm is used here and this approach trivially reduces the number of comparisons compared to others. The researchers also used decision tree at last to obtain the sub categories more accurately. After analysis it is found that the combination of Bisecting K Means and KNN classifier enhance the accuracy of the categorization. Accuracy of this proposed system is shown for each category at Result and discussion section.
Multi agent-based framework for interactive learning system with conversational user interface for visually and speech impaired
Authors: Ilango V , Anand Shankar Raja M , Uma V R
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research article is to illustrate the role of Conversational User Interface to foster inclusive education among the Speech Impaired People (SIP) and the Visually Impaired People (VIP). The multiagent framework on “Conversational User Interface for interactive learning” will throw light on the role of the host and the learner in communicating and facilitating knowledge with each other. The article has been built after the in-depth exploration of various sources, which were handpicked for the study. This multiagent model can be put into implementation in the education industry. The scope of the study extends only to SIP’s and VIP’s because of their growing numbers across the globe, and yet they are deprived of formal education. The Conversational User interface can be used to bridge the gap, especially with the advancement of technologies such as VUI, MUI, WUI, BOTs, etc., for the VIPs and SIPs.
Analysis and Prediction Of Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset Using SDKNN Classifier Technique
Authors: Patra Radhanath , khuntia Bonomali
Published: February 2021

The newly proposed weighted k nearest neighbour is known as standard deviation K nearest neighbour(SDKNN) classifier technique. It is based on the principle of standard deviation. Standard deviation measures spreading of attribute about mean. Spreading of attribute plays a significant role to improve the classification accuracy of a dataset. Most of our distance calculation method between two points is determined by using euclidean distance process for finding nearest neighbour. Our proposed technique is based on a new distance calculation formula to find nearest neighbour in KNN. We apply here standard deviations of attributes as power for calculating distance between train dataset and test dataset. Distance calculation between two points in k nearest neighbour classifier is modified according to the standard deviation of attribute. In this paper, standard deviation of attributes are used. In first attempt, we have used standard deviation of attributes as power for calculating K Nearest Neighbour to improve classification accuracy and in second attempt, based on mean of standard deviation attributes, distance in K Nearest Neighbour is processed to further improve the classification accuracy. Our concept is implemented on Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset (PIDD). The analysis on Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset (PIDD) is carried out by splitting dataset in to 90% training data and 10% testing data. We have found that, in our proposed technique, average classification accuracy gives result 83.2%, a great improvement as compared to other conventional technique.
Face mask detection for covid_19 pandemic using pytorch in deep learning
Authors: Sen Sneha , Sawant Khushboo
Published: February 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that there are two ways in which the spread of COVID 19 virus takes place that are respiratory droplets and physical contact. So, avoiding the spread of this virus need some precautionary steps to be taken that are social distancing and the wearing of masks. Among these two precautions the mask wearing is considered as the important factor for the spread of COVID 19 virus because these droplets can land on any surface. So, to keep track of the people that are wearing mask or not is more important. Here we have presented a mask detection system that is able to detect any type of mask and masks of different shapes from the video streams for following the rules that are applied by the government. Deep learning algorithm is used here and the PyTorch library of python is used for mask detection from the images/video streams. The proposed system is able to detect the mask wearing people and those one who are not wearing the masks.
Area optimized design of tetrad flip-flop using new tetrad value logic gate’s
Authors: Malviya Utsav Kumar , Ramakrishna Vaikuntapu
Published: February 2021

Logic levels in digital systems are predefined voltage and current range and a defined difference in voltage and current value signify binary information’s in digital systems. There are many logic families available to define binary data. In binary logic, there are two logic levels 1 and 0. This paper defines a new tetrad value logic (TVL) which can have four logic levels 0,1,2 and 3. This work presented novel designs of tetrad value logic NOT gate, AND gate and OR gate. With the help of these tetrad logic gates, a tetrad logic Flip-flop has been designed and tested on Tanner Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tool. The proposed tetrad flip-flop is a memory cell of tetrad Value Logic (TVL) which can store Logic 0, Logic 1, Logic 2, and Logic 3 when the input clock is off, and on the positive edge of the input clock, it can change the past stored logic with new input logic. This work discusses the possible application of tetrad logic. Simulation of tetrad logic gates and flip flop performed with help of tanner tool and verifies expected output correctly for all possible test cases. Parameters like Voltage levels, power consumption, noise margin, MOS count, propagation time, fan-out, noise margin, clock frequency, sink, source current, setup and hold time, are analyzed for proposed tetrad logic gates and flip flop. The S-edit 9.0 is used for the schematic design and T-spice 9.0 is used for parameter setting and design technology selection and W-edit 9.0 is used for simulation observation. The obtained results have been compared with other similar work and found better.
Multimodal medical image fusion using laplacian redecomposition
Authors: KoteswaraRao K , Veera Swamy K
Published: February 2021

Fusion of multi-modality images gives more sophisticated and complete information in video surveillance, remote sensing, and medical diagnosis. The present paper delivers a contemporary fusion method using laplacian redecomposition. The area of medical image fusion with different modalities has achieved more progress in medical field. Existing methods suffer from noise, blurring, and color distortion. These complications are addressed in the present method. The authors propose laplacian redecomposition method after enhancement to get redundant and complementary information. The proposed method has two alterations. First, we give the concept of overlap and non-overlap domains. Overlap and non-overlap domains are used for fusing redundant and complementary information respectively. Second, decision graph scheme is presented to get low frequency sub band images, complementary and redundant information. Global decision graph is used for reconstructing HF sub band images. Lastly, by taking inverse laplacian operation fused image is obtained. In the experiments for comparison, a few pairs of medical images have been taken to prove the strength of the suggested technique. The experimental results demonstrate that, the proposed technique accomplish aggressive performance qualitatively and quantitatively.
Impact of interfacial layer thickness on gate stack-based DGTFET: an analog/RF prospective
Authors: Goyal Vibhu , Tayal Shubham , Meena Shweta , Gupta Ravi
Published: February 2021

In this work, influence of interfacial layer thickness on gate-stack based double gate (DG) TFET device concerning analog/RF performance has been studied. Through simulation, it has been found that thicker interfacial layer can be used to mitigate the deprivation inRF/analog performance instigated with high -K gate dielectric. In this article, we have varied the thickness (Ti) of interfacial layer ranging from 0.2 nm to0.7nm and analyzed its effect. The decline in the intrinsic dc gain (δAV = Av(K = 3.9) - Av
(K = 40)), maximum oscillation frequency (δfMAX = fMAX(K = 3.9) - fmax(K = 40)) and the cut -off frequency (AfT = fT(K = 39) - fT(K = 40)) is 27.1 dB, 8 GHz and 6.4 GHz, respectively for TI = 0.2nm and24 dB, 1.7 GHz,&3.5 GHz, respectively in case ofTI = 0.7nm which indicates that if interfacial layer is thick (0.7nm), then, it is advantageous as compared to thickness of 0.2nm. Thus, such a device design not only decreases the surface lattice mismatching effect, but also, is more promising for better analog/RF performance of TFET device.
Recognition of valence using QRS complex in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: Anandhi B , Jerritta S
Published: February 2021

In children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the absence of emotional inexpressiveness continues to be a consistent issue. This causes them to an unexpected emotional outbursts and meltdowns. This study utilizes the QRS complex derived from the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to investigate the positive (“Like”) and negative (“Dislike”) valence using a personalized emotion elicitation protocol using audio- and audio-visual cues in children who have ASD under the ages between 5 and 11 years. The sample size consisted of 15 controls and 15 children who have ASD.The acquired raw ECG signals are cleaned using various digital filters and the useful valence specific features are extracted from the QRS complex and are classified using the K nearest neighbour (KNN) and Ensemble learner. The control children were able to exhibit largely to the valence states, in contrast the children who have ASD did not show much difference in their valence states which was also verified using the Ensemble learner which achieved a maximum mean accuracy of 75.5 % in controls and 70.5% in children who have ASD.
Asymmetric complementary split ring resonator for identification of materials
Authors: Idayachandran G , Oudaya coumar S
Published: February 2021

In this paper, a new microwave sensor for identification of materials is presented. The sensor is composed of an asymmetric complementary split ring resonator etched on the ground side of the microstrip line. The sensor is designed using low cost FR4 substrate. The S21 simulation result shows the unloaded resonator operates at 6.45 GHz. The overall size of the sensor is 100mm×50mm×0.8mm. When the sensor is loaded with sample material, the resonant frequency shift is noticed. This change in frequency shift is used to identify the material type and also the thickness of the material under test. The sensor is tested for different test samples placed on the ground and is correctly able to identify the material under test and its thickness by its resonant frequency variations.
Modelling and performance analysis of hybrid electric vehicle
Authors: Sreeram K , Preetha P K
Published: February 2021

Electric Vehicles (EV) have become an integral part of the automotive industry and will soon replace Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) automobiles. The technological trends in the various components of EV have contributed towards extensive use of EVs. EVs can have a positive impact on ecology and power sector. EVs comprehensively decrease the greenhouse gas emissions created by the transport sector. This paper provides a basic understanding of the need for Electric Vehicles, the recent developments in India and the upcoming trends and research in Electric Vehicles. The modelling of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and the performance analysis for various operating stages is detailed in this paper. The paper provides a base for additional studies.
Experimental investigation on CI engine with jatropha biodiesel-hydrogen peroxide blends
Authors: Sanjeevannavar Mallesh B , Banapurmath N R , Ganachari Sharanabasava V , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M
Published: February 2021

The main objective of this research attempt is to determine implications of applying hydrogen-based additives as diesel and biodiesel oxygenates. Due to the difference in additive polarity, blending of hydrogen-based additives and petroleum diesel-biodiesel fuel mixtures require emulsification process towards achieving a stable mixture. After emulsification, stability test was conducted. experimentations were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with petroleum diesel and jatropha oil methyl ester diesel blends with hydrogen peroxide introduction at different loads and different injection operating pressures. From the experimentations it was observed that Introductions of H2O2 improve the brake thermal efficiency of the engine for D60-B30-A10 blend at 80% load and at 205 bar I.O.P. And also, extreme reduction in C.O. and H.C. emission was observed at all loads. NOx increased relatively with the escalation of hydrogen based additive concentration. It can thus be concluded that introduction of hydrogen can improve the engine performance and emissions. D60-B30-A10 gave the best engine performance and emissions at 205 bar I.O.P., 17.5 CR, 230 bTDC injection timing and 1500rpm.
Effect of retrogression and re-aging on mechanical &wear properties of LM-25 aluminium alloy
Authors: Gopi Mohan Ranjith , Jayasankaran J , Ilangovan S , Shanmugasundaram A
Published: February 2021

Abstract.The effect of retrogression and re-aging on the mechanical and wear properties of LM 25 were studied. The raw material ingot was casted in to cylindrical rods. The samples were solutionized at 530 °C for 2 hours and then artificially aged at 165 °C for 12 hours. The samples were heat treated using retrogression process at temperatures 200 °C, 225 °C, 250 °C, and 275 °C and re-aged at 165 °C for 12 h. The samples were tested for its hardness and tensile strength and found that the 200°C retrogressed and re-aged sample (HT1) was having high hardness (125 HV) and the tensile strength was recorded as highest (182 N/mm2) when compared to other samples. Izod impact test was conducted for all the samples and it remains same for all the samples. Dry sliding wear test results shows that HT1 sample was having least wear rate when compared to other samples.Microstructure of HT1 sample reveals that the silicon precipitates of sleek and finer grain structure, which improves the hardness and tensile strength.
Non-linear vibrations of a simply supported rectangular plate carrying a centric mass
Authors: Hamdani M. , El Kadiri M. , Benamar R.
Published: February 2021

Vibration is something that surrounds us in all areas, from everyday life to advanced industries. Among them, plates are found anywhere, so it has taken a fair share of study and analysis. Often, plates hold one or many point masses which completely changes their vibration frequencies and mode shapes. So, the main objective of this work is to analyze the effect of an added centric mass on the vibration Characteristics of simply supported rectangular plates and in both the linear and non-linear vibration regimes. The theoretical formulation adopted is based on Hamilton’s principle and spectral analysis. The expressions for the kinetic, linear and non-linear strain energies are derived taking into account the effect of the added mass on the kinetic energy and the effect of the membrane forces induced by the non-linearity on the strain energy. The generated equation has been solved numerically via an iterative procedure permitting to obtain the amplitude dependent frequencies and mode shapes. The results presented in this article are expected to be useful, both quantitatively and qualitatively, for a better understanding of the vibration of plates with an added mass.
Mechanics of Bio-tribology in Bionic Joints- Analytical Approach
Authors: Khot Sachin , Guttal Ravi
Published: February 2021

Bionic joints are extraordinary bearings and which are still unexplored. The bio-tribology deals with the study of lubrication methods, and mechanisms involved in natural joints. In the first part of the present work, the review of various lubrication methods is carried out. The anatomical description of knee joint lubrication is explored. The natural joints are found to be not governed by any of the single lubrication methods but all the lubrication methods are necessary to explain the lubrication in natural joints. In other words, one can say that the mixed lubrication method is the best suitable way to explore the bio-tribology of natural joints. The second part deals with the study of mechanics of the bio-tribology of the Knee joint. The Knee condyle’s spherical shape is used to develop the geometrical construction for analytical study. The soft cartilaginous tissue and menisci tissue are treated as an elastic material medium with elastic modulus E, whose surface is covered with synovial fluid film. The effect of applied force on film thickness is found to vary logarithmically. Anyway, the application of a higher magnitude of force will not affect the velocity of indentation. This study is useful to validate the numerical solutions of the bio-tribology study. This also helps in developing the surrogate models of bionic joints to analyse them with the least computational power and provides a platform to study the fluid-structure interactions.
Experimental studies on the wear and mechanical properties of Al7075-B4C-Al2O3 composite
Authors: Balasubramanian T , Ganesh M , Subramanian M , Arunkumar N , Aswin S
Published: February 2021

In order to deal with the demands of current requirements, traditional metals require changes in some properties. The high strength and light weight application of aluminium is well known. In certain instances, its ductility prevents its application in some environments. In the existing research, Al 7075 is reinforced with materials such as boron carbide (B4C) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) to achieve low mass, low weight, high power, superior malleability, easy machining and excellent corrosion resistance. Thus, hybrid MMC production is being carried out to enhance these mechanical properties. In this study, Al 7075 is cut into small pieces with 90% wt in the form of a bar and placed in a SiC graphite crucible and the metal matrix is formed by melting it and stirring casting metal to add the reinforcement particles. The quantity of B4C & Al2O3 combined to form the new material was taken at 5% each. The samples were prepared according to ASTM specifications and eventually tested for tensile, compression, hardness, wear and effect measurements, and the findings were compared with those of pure aluminium Al 7075. The test results showed improved properties of Al MMC, which is more efficient than Al 7075.