bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Po co i jak (nie) uczyć cudzoziemców fonetyki języka polskiego?
Authors: Badyda Ewa
Published: December 2019

Fonetyka nie jest eksponowaną płaszczyzną w nauczaniu języka polskiego jako obcego o nastawieniu komunikacyjnym, jednak skuteczność komunikacyjna zależy też od umiejętności odwzorowania przez studenta prawidłowej postaci brzmieniowej wyrazu, zwłaszcza w zakresie relewantnych fonologicznie cech głosek. Trudności studenta z prawidłową wymową wynikają z ukształtowania jego słuchu fonemowego i zautomatyzowania ruchów artykulacyjnych zgodnie z wymogami jego języka rodzimego, dlatego ogólna ekspozycja na brzmienie języka polskiego może być niewystarczająca. Uzasadnione jest skoncentrowanie się na różnicowaniu słuchem głosek polskich i prawidłowej ich wymowie już na początku nauki. Umożliwia to późniejsze odwoływanie się do wprowadzonych wzorców fonetycznych i zapobieganie powstaniu błędnych nawyków wymawianiowych. W pracy nad fonetyką należy skupić się zwłaszcza na najbardziej charakterystycznych opozycjach fonologicznych w języku polskim, z uwzględnieniem tych, które są istotne z punktu widzenia fleksji. Zasadne jest wprowadzanie fonemów w powiązaniu z alfabetem, ponieważ w nauce języka obcego student zapoznaje się z kodem fonetycznym i graficznym równolegle. Pozwala to na późniejsze wykorzystanie postaci ortograficznej do przypomnienia wymowy, poprawne zapisywanie wyrazów ze słuchu, a jednocześnie uniknięcie odczytywania nowych polskich wyrazów zgodnie z konwencją ortograficzną obcego języka. Ponadto umożliwia w przyszłości operowanie w mowie nazwami własnymi poznawanymi w postaci graficznej.
Wzorzec struktury charakterystyki postaci i jego realizacje w pracach obcokrajowców uczących się języka polskiego na poziomie A2
Authors: Sochacka Justyna
Published: December 2019

Artykuł podejmuje pewne zagadnienia tekstowe związane z produkcją form pisemnych na lekcjach języka polskiego jako obcego. Jest próbą analizy kompozycji charakterystyk przyjaciela pisanych przez słuchaczy Studium Języka Polskiego dla Cudzoziemców UŁ. Ukazuje globalną strukturę tych prac, ich podziały formalne, delimitację tekstu oraz użycie wypowiedzi metatekstowych. Bada ponadto stopień opanowania przez studentów treści nauczania, które nabyli podczas zajęć omawiających technikę pisania charakterystyki bezpośredniej. Podaje przykłady ćwiczeń dydaktycznych przydatnych cudzoziemcom w prawidłowej realizacji wzorca omawianej formy pisemnej.
Język polski jako obcy dla Głuchych – w poszukiwaniu dobrego terminu
Authors: Januszewicz Małgorzata
Published: December 2019

Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego dla Głuchych (JPJODG). Głusi zostali dostrzeżeni przez glottodydaktyków ponad dekadę temu, a ich sytuację językową oddaje metafora „milczących cudzoziemców”. JPJODG jest rozwijającą się gałęzią glottodydaktyki i stawia liczne wyzwania przed uczącymi, także terminologiczne. Głusi bowiem ani nie milczą, ani nie są cudzoziemcami. Nauczanie Głuchych Polaków, mimo licznych podobieństw, różni się od nauczania słyszących cudzoziemców. Również porównanie polszczyzny Głuchych do polszczyzny osób uczących się języka polskiego jako odziedziczonego ujawnia wiele różnic między tymi grupami. Głusi funkcjonują w wielojęzykowej rzeczywistości, w której oprócz polskiego języka migowego (PJM) i języka polskiego używają i uczą się także innych języków obcych, i to zarówno fonicznych, jak i migowych. Wątpliwości terminologiczne i poszukiwania odpowiedniego miejsca dla JPJODG w obrębie glottodydaktyki są dobrym znakiem – dowodzą, że wchodzimy w etap szukania konkretnych rozwiązań, które poprawią językową sytuację Głuchych Polaków.
Przygotowanie materiałów do nauczania szyku w dydaktyce języka polskiego jako obcego: o problemach metodologicznych i praktycznych raz jeszcze
Authors: Gębka-Wolak Małgorzata , Walkiewicz Aleksandra
Published: December 2019

Artykuł stanowi głos w dyskusji nad rolą i kształtem procesu nauczania szyku w glottodydaktyce polonistycznej. Zawarte w nim uwagi inspirowane są pracą nad przygotowywanym podręcznikiem do nauczania szyku polszczyzny skierowanym do obcokrajowców. Część pierwsza przedstawia wybrane problemy metodologiczne i praktyczne dotyczące m.in. powiązania porządku linearnego z mówioną i pisaną odmianą języka, metajęzyka używanego w nauczaniu szyku, a także trudności z interpretowaniem poszczególnych układów linearnych jako poprawnych lub nieakceptowalnych, neutralnych lub stylistycznie nacechowanych. Podkreślono też rolę interferencji w procesie powstawania i interpretacji błędów szyku popełnianych przez obcokrajowców. Część druga odnosi się w sposób systematyczny do kwestii wymienionych wcześniej i przedstawia proponowane przez nas praktyczne rozwiązania poszczególnych problemów, możliwe do zastosowania w procesie dydaktycznym.
Zrobię to bez zwłok… the category of number in the teaching of Polish as a foreign language to Ukrainian-speaking people
Authors: Bundza Iryna
Published: December 2019

This article discusses the peculiarities of the category of number of Polish and Ukrainian nouns. To indicate the problem areas related to the teaching of the category of number to Ukrainian-speaking persons, the author analysed Polish and Ukrainian lexemes in terms of their fulfilments of the grammatical category of number. The article presents the contexts which may trigger errors, which in turn may cause a comical effect or distort communication. The data were collected from Polish and Ukrainian dictionaries, as well as the National Corpus of Polish and the Ukrainian Text Corpus.
Kulturemy polskie – punkty widzenia, techniki ich wydobywania i negocjowania. Stosowanie perspektywy etnolingwistycznej w glottodydaktyce polonistycznej
Authors: Zarzycka Grażyna
Published: December 2019

W artykule zachęca się do stosowania perspektywy i metodologii etnolingwistycznej w glottodydaktyce języka polskiego. W części wprowadzającej omawiane jest, z wykorzystaniem światowej i polskiej literatury, pojęcie kulturemu – jednostki kultury należącej do danego systemu kulturowego i istotne dla jej zrozumienia. Konieczność włączania kultury do nauczania języka polskiego jako języka obcego jest sprawą bezdyskusyjną. Sposoby wydobywania (typowania) kulturemów z ogromnej przestrzeni danej kultury wydają się natomiast mniej oczywiste. Kto jest „upoważniony” do ich typowania – tylko przedstawiciel rodzimej kultury czy także zewnętrzny obserwator? Czy można wydobyć kulturemy w wyniku procesu negocjacji? W artykule przedstawiono techniki ich wyboru i negocjowania z wykorzystaniem perspektywy wewnętrznej i zewnętrznej, a także opisano propozycje wykorzystania tej metodologii w praktyce nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego.
KONDISI EKONOMI MASYARAKAT SEKITAR TPA WISATA EDUKASI TALANGANGGUNG DI DESA TALANGANGUNG KECAMATAN KEPANJEN KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Tamami Rofidah , Ayu Sulistia Ningrum , Syamsiah Nur , Munadifah Lailatul
Published: December 2019

Urban is identical to the high consumptive behavior of the people who will then leave a lot of garbage too. The uncontrolled volume of waste will certainly disrupt the survival of the people who live in that place. Waste itself can be divided into two categories, namely organic waste and inorganic waste, which means that there is still a possibility to be reprocessed. So that the garbage does not interfere with the survival of the community, a waste collection facility or a waste bank is made which will later be collected again at the Final Disposal Site. Research conducted using qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted with the aim to find out how much influence the existence of the Talangagung Kepanjen Final Disposal on the surrounding community's economy. From the results of the study, it was found that the Talangagung Landfill is in addition to being a landfill, as well as an educational tourism site. Besides Talangagung Landfill has economic potential that can help the economy of the surrounding residents.

Keywords: economy; final disposal site; educational tourism
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN BAHAN AJAR SEJARAH LOKAL DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS KABUPATEN MADIUN
Authors: Amalina Sharfina Nur
Published: December 2019

Learning local history is very important in the development of education in Indonesia. Local history is able to understand society about the origin of its history, so that the community is able to better deal with the future. Local history learning needs to be maximized in school education, one of which is by adding local history teaching material itself. This research was conducted with the aim to analyze the use of local history teaching materials in learning to support the literacy of local historical culture. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods that involve teachers and students. Research techniques used by observation, interviews, and reviewing several related documents. Observations were made at two high schools in Madiun Regency, namely SMAN 1 Mejayan and SMAN 1 Geger. The results showed that: (1) historical teaching materials used did not support the literacy of local historical culture, (2) students needed additional local history materials that allowed them to conduct research and improve the history of literacy connected with local history.

Keywords: literacy; local history; madiun; teaching materials
Ege Üniversitesi Hastanesinde gastrointestinal sistem kanserlerinin epidemiyolojik ve sağ kalım özellikleri
Authors: HAYDAROĞLU Ayfer , YALMAN Deniz , ERSİN Sinan , DOĞANAVŞARGİL YAKUT Başak , KARABULUT Bülent , ÜNAL Nalan , ÖZÜTEMİZ Ömer
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Ege Üniversitesi Hastanesi (EÜH)’nde 1992-2017 arası gastrointestinal sistem (GİS) kanseri tanısı ve tedavileri yapılan olguların epidemiyolojik ve genel sağ kalım (GSK) özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesidir.

Gereç Yöntem: EÜKAM tarafından 1992-2017 yılları arasında 19.542 GIS kanser kaydı yapılmıştır. Sınıflandırmalarda ve sağ kalım analizlerinde SEER verileri göz önüne alınmıştır. CANREG 4 programı ile kaydedilen veriler SPSS programına aktarılmış, istatistik analizde Ki-kare yöntemi ve doğrusal modellemeler yapılmış, p
VALIDITAS TES KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATERI TEKANAN ZAT DENGAN ANALISIS RASCH MODEL
Authors: Yuliadinda Nurul , Muslim Muslim , Efendi Ridwan
Published: December 2019

Creative thinking skills is one of the high-level thinking skills that must be possessed by students in learning. However, to determine the students' creative thinking skills necessary measurement tools in the form of tests. Therefore, studies were conducted in order to determine the content validation and construct validation tests of creative thinking skills with Rasch analysis models. This research uses descriptive quantitative method using the design construction and validation. The construction process generates six test items that measure creative thinking skills aspects of fluency, flexibility and originality in the form of an essay. The validation process is based on the judgment of five experts and tests on 190 samples. The results of the validity of the content item has a high and very high categories.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROCESS ORIENTED GUIDED INQUIRY LEARNING (POGIL) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA MATERI HUKUM ARCHIMEDES
Authors: Devi Ediawati Kusuma , Sulistri Emi , Rosdianto Haris
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi hukum Archimedes dan pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran POGIL terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi hukum Archimedes. Metode penelitian menggunakan quasy exsperiment dengan desain penelitian nonequivalent control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Singkawang. Teknik pengambilan sampel berupa teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes kemampuan berpikir kritis berjumlah 10 soal dalam bentuk pilihan ganda beralasan yang telah diuji validitasnya. Hasil data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji N-gain dan uji statistik. Hasil peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,60 dalam kategori sedang dan kelas kontrol sebesar 0,22 dalam kategori rendah. Sehingga data yang diperoleh berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Dari hasil perhitungan uji t dua sampel tidak berkorelasi didapatkan nilai t hitung > t tabel yaitu 6,797 > 2,045, maka Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak pada taraf signifikansi a = 0,05. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran POGIL terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi hukum Archimedes.
Pendidikan Pemilih sebagai Metode Meningkatkan Partisipasi dan Keterampilan Pemilih Pemula Menggunakan Hak Pilihnya dalam Pemilu
Authors: Ansori Zakaria
Published: December 2019

Artikel ini diolah dari hasil pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Pokok bahasannya tentang pendidikan pemilih terhadap pemilih pemula. Dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena beberapa negara demokrasi dalam tahun-tahun terakhir yang menunjukkan semakin menurunnya partisipasi pemilih. Dalam usaha merespon fenomena tersebut, pengabdian ini memiliki dua tujuan. Pertama, meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa/siswi tentang kepemiluan dalam sistem demokrasi di Indonesia. Kedua, meningkatkan keterampilan siswa/siswi dalam menggunakan hak pilihnya pada pemilu. Muatan materi yang diberikan ada tiga aspek, yakni; (1) pemilu dan demokrasi; (2) sistem pemilu; (3) praktik pemilu di Indonesia. Hasil pengabdian memperlihatkan adanya perubahan pemahaman siswa/siswi tentang pemilu sekaligus perubahan sikap mereka terhadap isu golput. Kata
Legitimasi Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Dalam Kontestasi Islam Politik Mutakhir
Authors: Alkawy Mohamad Baihaqi
Published: December 2019

Abstrak

Sejak Presiden Soeharto, organisasi Islam di Indonesia telah diakomodasi oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI). Meskipun sejumlah tokoh dalam dua organisasi Islam terbesar Indonesia seperti Nahdlatul Ulama dan Muhammadiyah seringkali tidak sejalan dengan kebijakan MUI. Namun peran MUI dalam politik Islam sejak era orde baru hingga reformasi berlangsung secara dinamis. Para pengurus MUI terikat dengan institusi juga memainkan sentimen keagamaan melalui dua jenis alat legitimasi, yaitu fatwa dan wacana. Dalam pemilihan umum serentak 2019, sejumlah pejabat MUI terlibat aktif dalam kontestasi. Para pengurus MUI juga berbeda pilihan politik. Perbedaan pilihan politik berdampak pada polarisasi di tengah masyarakat yang berpotensi memicu konflik di tingkat akar rumput.

 

Kata kunci: Legitimasi, Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Islam Politik
Previsão de vazão na bacia hidrográfica do rio Manuel Alves da Natividade utilizando o modelo de séries temporais SARIMA
Authors: Duarte Victor Braga Rodrigues , Silva Francisca de Cássia Silva da , Souza Igor Viana , Silva Marcos Vinicius Cardoso , Sousa Hygor Gomes de Almeida , Giongo Marcos , Viola Marcelo Ribeiro
Published: December 2019

O estudo e simulação do escoamento superficial de uma bacia hidrográfica são fundamentais para o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos. Os modelos hidrológicos são ferramentas que auxiliam o planejamento do abastecimento hídrico, projetos de uso da água, geração de energia hidrelétrica, sistemas de irrigação, utilização sustentável e conservação da biodiversidade de uma bacia hidrográfica. A área em estudo é a bacia hidrográfica do rio Manuel Alves da Natividade, uma importante bacia hidrográfica pertencente a região hidrográfica Tocantins-Araguaia, um dos principais afluentes do rio Tocantins. Neste contexto, objetivou-se analisar, modelar e fazer previsões com base nas séries temporais de vazões mensais da bacia hidrográfica do rio Manuel Alves da Natividade utilizando o modelo SARIMA. A metodologia adotada foi a de Box e Jenkins que consiste em: identificar o modelo; estimar seus parâmetros e aplicar o modelo ajustado para previsão. A série foi verificada quanto a tendência, sazonalidade e estacionariedade e a identificação da ordem dos componentes dos modelos se deu por meio da análise gráfica dos correlogramas e periodograma. A seleção do melhor modelo foi realizada com base nos critérios de seleção e medidas de qualidade. O modelo escolhido foi o SARIMA(1,0,1)(1,1,4)12, que apresentou coeficiente de Nash-Sutcliffe de 0,61 e 0,81 para as etapas de calibração e validação, respectivamente, valores estes classificados como “bom”, segundo a classificação para modelos hidrológicos. O modelo mostrou-se eficaz na previsão de períodos de recessão do escoamento, sendo indicado principalmente como ferramenta na gestão de recursos hídricos para a previsão da oferta hídrica em períodos de estiagem críticos.
Una metodología para evaluar el manejo del turismo en áreas naturales pro-tegidas
Authors: Salas Jorge Mario Chávez , Tetto Alexandre França , Reynel Carlos Augusto , Sousa Nilton José , Tres Andressa , Micaloski Mariana Meira , Flores Gonzalo Javier Oliveira
Published: December 2019

Existen diversas metodologías para evaluar la gestión de áreas naturales protegidas, pero no se encuentran referencias enfocadas exclusivamente a la actividad turística. Por eso, esta investigación propone una metodología para determinar los avances del manejo de turismo en áreas naturales protegidas individuales. Para su diseño, se revisaron seis documentos internacionales relacionados con el turismo, la naturaleza y la cultura, y se obtuvieron seis criterios para evaluar los avances del manejo del turismo en las áreas naturales protegidas. Se preparó un programa de entrevistas a 24 especialistas en el área del turismo y áreas naturales protegidas y se obtuvo información para determinar las variables a evaluar dentro de los seis criterios determinados. Se desarrolló una primera matriz de evaluación con un sistema de evaluación numérica a aplicarse a los criterios y variables, que fue presentada y discutida en un taller de validación con 14 especialistas. Finalmente, con los comentarios y sugerencias obtenidos, se realizó el afinamiento de la matriz y de la evaluación numérica, con lo que se obtuvieron 56 variables a ser analizadas para los seis criterios. A cada una de las variables se le asignaron cuatro niveles de calificación. Usando los puntajes y las gráficas comparativas, se puede determinar cuáles son los criterios que más deben ser trabajados y, dentro de ellos, cuáles son las variables más sólidas o más débiles, para aplicar mayores esfuerzos en su desarrollo. Se espera que esta metodología contribuya al desarrollo sistemático del turismo en las áreas naturales protegidas, bajo los conceptos de sostenibilidad.
Resultados preliminares do manejo integrado do fogo nas terras indígenas Paresi
Authors: Santa Rosa Ananda , Daldegan Raquel Antunes , Marchetti Ramos Rossano , Steil Lara , Laranja Ruth Elias de Paula , Franca Rafael Rodrigues da
Published: December 2019

O manejo integrado do fogo considera as práticas locais, as informações ecológicas e científicas e o manejo institucional para conservar a biodiversidade, reduzir a prevalência de incêndios florestais e proteger a vegetação sensível ao fogo. Nas terras indígenas, a gestão do manejo ocorre por meio do Programa de Brigadas Florestais, que é respaldado pelo Acordo de Cooperação Técnica entre o Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis e pela Fundação Nacional do Índio. Ainda são escassas avaliações sobre a implementação deste paradigma em Terras Indígenas com enfoque ao regime de queima e aos danos causados em espécies vegetais, considerando os períodos de tratamento de fogo. Por isto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os primeiros resultados do manejo integrado do fogo nas terras indígenas Juininha, Paresi e Utiariti, todos ocupadas pelo povo indígena Paresi e localizadas no estado do Mato Grosso, por meio da análise das fitofisionomias afetadas pelas queimas, dos danos na vegetação causadas pelo fogo e pela distribuição sazonal do dado de fogo ativo, nos anos de 2016 a 2018. Os resultados apresentaram que as queimas nas terras indígenas foram deslocadas para a estação do fogo precoce e que a maioria das espécies avaliadas não tiveram danos causados pelas queimas de ambos os períodos. Quando com algum nível de impacto, este foi mais elevado no período de fogo precoce. Por isto, concluiu-se que apesar das queimas estarem deslocadas para o período de fogo precoce, as técnicas de queimas prescritas não abrangem a frequência e histórico das superfícies atingidas para considerar uma abordagem de mosaicos além da redução dos grandes eventos na estação de fogo modal-tardio.
La idea de Francia en la educación de la dictadura franquista (1939-1960)
Authors: Gisbert Santaballa Antonio Gabriel , Madariaga Orbea Juan
Published: December 2019

El tema del artículo es el análisis de la manipulación del discurso histórico en la educación durante los primeros años de la dictadura franquista, y más concretamente en la idea que de Francia y lo francés se transmite al alumnado de Educación Primaria (6-12 años). Por un lado, la concepción de Francia como una potencia enemiga de España, y por otro, la idea de Francia como portadora de la idea de Liberalismo, que el régimen franquista considera peligrosa, y en último término, germen de la II República Española.

Se analizarán herramientas de educación formal, en concreto los manuales escolares más utilizados en la época: La Enciclopedia Álvarez y los editados por Bruño.
O uso de materiais concretos para ensinar aritmética: saberes profissionais do professor primário (1920-1940)
Authors: Felisberto Lidiane Gomes dos Santos
Published: December 2019

Considerando que o uso de materiais concretos para ensinar Aritmética integrava os saberes profissionais do professor primário, este artigo tem por objetivo identificar como o referido saber se fez presente na formação de professores no Estado do Paraná, entre 1920 e 1940. A investigação, conduzida na perspectiva da História Cultural, mobilizou fontes históricas oficiais e produções escolares de duas professorandas que cursaram o ensino normal em décadas diferentes. O estudo indicou que o uso de materiais concretos para ensinar Aritmética, articulados aos saberes a ensinar do 1º e 2º ano do ensino primário, era um saber profissional valorizado e que, na medida em que novas concepções de ensino foram sendo apropriadas, o referido saber passou por transformações, ganhando novos significados.

Palavras-chave: História da Educação Matemática. Saber Profissional do Professor. Materiais Concretos.
O uso de materiais de Desenho lidos em Anuários de ensino de São Paulo (1907-1920)
Authors: Guimarães Marcos Denilson
Published: December 2019

O texto buscou identificar que tipos de materiais de ensino são recomendados e como são usados em tarefas escolares associadas ao ensino do Desenho nos cursos primário e normal de São Paulo. Para alcançar tal objetivo foram tomados para análise os Anuários de Ensino de São Paulo (1907-1920). Os referenciais teóricos são textos produzidos por historiadores da Educação referentes ao método de ensino intuitivo. Como resultados, percebeu-se que o papel, o lápis, os lápis de cores e o quadro negro eram os principais suportes responsáveis pela passagem da percepção/imaginação para a concretização/realização da ideia, isto é, do desenho. Em geral, a tarefa associada era favorecer o esboço pessoal e criativo do aluno por meio do desenvolvimento de suas faculdades de observação e imaginação.
Um ábaco para ensinar frações
Authors: KULESZA WOJCIECH
Published: December 2019

Este artigo objetiva descrever como a voga do ensino intuitivo no último quartel do século XIX, por intermédio do incentivo à utilização de materiais concretos, influenciou o modo de se ensinar a aritmética elementar no Brasil. Focalizando a apropriação feita por Abílio César Borges (1824-1891), o Barão de Macaúbas, de materiais didáticos produzidos na Europa para uso em suas escolas, o trabalho se baseia fundamentalmente em sua conferência acerca do aritmômetro fracionário de sua invenção durante a Exposição Pedagógica do Rio de Janeiro em 1883.
Tracing the Origin of Planktonic Protists in an Ancient Lake
Authors: Annenkova Nataliia V. , Giner Caterina R. , Logares Ramiro
Published: December 2019

Ancient lakes are among the most interesting models for evolution studies, because their biodiversity is the result of a complex combination of migration and speciation. Here, we investigate the origin of single celled planktonic eukaryotes from the oldest lake in the world – Lake Baikal. By using 18S rDNA metabarcoding we recovered 1,427 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to protists populating surface waters (1-50 meters) and belonging to pico- and nano-plankton size fractions. The recovered communities resembled other lacustrine freshwater assemblages found elsewhere, especially the unclassified protists. However, our results suggest that a fraction of Baikal protists originated evolutionary recently from marine/brackish ancestors. Moreover, our results suggest that rapid radiation may have occurred among some protist taxa, partially mirroring what was already shown for multicellular organisms in Lake Baikal. We found potential species flocks in Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Opisthokonta, Archaeplastida, Rhizaria and Hacrobia. Putative flocks predominated in Chrysophytes, which are highly diverse in Lake Baikal. Some of the species, especially those from these flocks, may be endemic from Lake Baikal, because their 18S rDNA differed > 10% from known DNA. Overall, our study points to novel diversity of planktonic protists in Lake Baikal, some of which may have emerged in situ after evolutionary diversification.
Ketahanan Beberapa Varietas Padi terhadap Cercospora oryzae
Authors: Lakshita Natya , Poromarto Susilo Hambeg , Hadiwiyono Hadiwiyono
Published: December 2019

Rice is the source of staple food for most Indonesian people. The demand is continually increasing as the impact of increasing the people population. Sustainable development of rice must be done by the government. One of the problems in rice production is narrow brown leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora oryzae. This study aimed to determine the resistance of some varieties of rice to C. oryzae. The study was conducted on a field scale with natural inoculation and greenhouse with artificial inoculation using C. oryzae conidia suspension density of 105 conidia ml-1. The parameters observed, were incidence of disease, disease severity, the rate of infection, Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), and crops production. The result showed in the field that rice varieties of Gagak Hitam and Pandan Wangi were categorized as moderat resistant, while IR64, Inpari4, Sunggal and Ciherang showed high susceptible to C. oryzae. The results of greenhouse study showed that Hitam Gagak and Pandan Wangi rice varieties were categorized as resistant and IR64, Inpari4, Sunggal, Ciherang were moderate resistant (RR) against C. oryzae. The resistance of rice varieties affected by the interaction between pathogen genes that determine virulence and host genes that determine the resistance of the host plant.
Análise numérico-experimental de paredes de alvenaria de bloco cerâmico com diferentes espessuras em altas temperaturas
Authors: Bolina Fabrício , Tutikian Bernardo , Gonçalves Jordana , Souza Thiago , Manica Gustavo
Published: December 2019

O estudo discute sobre a resistência ao fogo de sistemas de vedação vertical compostos por blocos cerâmicos com furos verticais em altas temperaturas. O sistema construtivo de vedação em alvenaria é amplamente utilizado no mercado da construção civil no Brasil por tratar-se de um sistema de baixo custo e alta produtividade em comparação aos elementos convencionais. Os resultados foram obtidos com modelos computacionais de elementos finitos, através do software Ansys Mechanical, calibrados por ensaio experimental em escala real, determinando-se o tempo de resistência ao fogo (TRF) para diferentes geometrias de blocos. As análises computacionais levaram a resultados que apontam um limite para eficiência do aumento de espessura de uma parede para se atingir TRF elevados em relação ao isolamento térmico.
Ações e efeitos deletérios do fogo em estruturas de concreto. Uma breve revisão
Authors: Helene Paulo , Britez Carlos , Carvalho M.
Published: December 2019

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar e discutir brevemente alguns tópicos essenciais sobre a ação do fogo nas estruturas de concreto e quais os eventuais efeitos deletérios das elevadas temperaturas no material concreto propriamente dito. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, abordando o comportamento do concreto (visto como um material e como um elemento estrutural) quando exposto às ações térmicas excepcionais e severas procedentes de um cenário de incêndio, contribuindo para desmistificar algumas crenças e dúvidas quanto ao fenômeno de ocorrência de spalling e ao comportamento de estruturas de concreto armado em situação de incêndio.
Incêndios em estruturas de concreto – Estudos de alguns casos marcantes ocorridos em São Paulo
Authors: Berto Antonio Fernando
Published: December 2019

Neste artigo serão abordados os aspectos normativos com relação a segurança contra incêndio e apresentados estudos de casos de edifícios em São Paulo que sofreram a ação do incêndio e suas consequências. A segurança contra incêndio deve ser considerada desde a concepção e o desenvolvimento do anteprojeto do edifício, passando pelo projeto e construção e adentrando a fase de operação e manutenção. Na fase de projeto, a questão deve ser especialmente considerada, pois aí se estabelece a estrutura básica da segurança contra incêndio do edifício; ele deve ser elaborado a partir de um conhecimento aprofundado das relações que mantem com as disposições que conferem ao edifício, níveis adequados de segurança contra incêndio.
Análise numérica das características da seção de lajes mistas de aço e concreto em situação de incêndio
Authors: Barcellos Francine , Bolina Fabrício , Tutikian Bernardo
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho busca avaliar o desempenho de lajes mistas de aço e concreto em situação de incêndio, correlacionando-as ao projeto em temperatura ambiente, conforme NBR 14323 (ABNT, 2013), NBR 8800 (ABNT, 2008) e NBR 14762 (ABNT, 2010), através da curva de aquecimento da ISO 834 (ISO, 1999) e distribuição de temperaturas obtidas segundo o software Ansys. Os modelos computacionais foram calibrados pela norma e extrapolados computacionalmente. Foram analisadas lajes com chapas trapezoidais de diferentes geometrias e com camadas de concreto variadas. Como resultados, as chapas com reentrâncias apresentaram melhor desempenho face às trapezoidais, sendo a espessura da camada de concreto preponderante no comportamento destas lajes ao incêndio, visto a sua maior estabilidade térmica.
Hydrate-Induced Vibration in an Offshore Pipeline
Authors: Jujuly M. M. , Rahman Mohammad Azizur , Maynard Aaron , Adey Matthew
Published: December 2019

Gas-hydrate plugging poses an operational challenge to offshore petroleum production and transportation. In this study, a computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) model that uses ANSYS Fluent (ANSYS 2019) multiphase-flow-modeling techniques to simulate and analyze the effect of gas-hydrate flow in pipelines is proposed. For this purpose, the study attempted to integrate the ANSYS Fluent model with an existing commercial subsea-pipeline-visualization tool. To validate the simulation results, two case studies were conducted. The first study was about a pipeline whose dimensions are based on the specifications in existing literature (Balakin et al. 2010a). The second study was about a pipeline with more-complex geometry (M-shaped jumper with six elbows). The Eulerian/Eulerian method was used to model the multiphase hydrate flow. The population-balance method (PBM) was then used to model hydrate agglomeration and its breakup mechanism in the flow. A parametric study of the stresses in the pipelines resulting from flow-induced vibration (FIV) was conducted to identify the regions that underwent the maximum stresses and deformations under various flow conditions. The tool can be used in the petroleum industry to identify the operational hazards in offshore structures and to take necessary safety measures to avoid any potential catastrophic events.
Effect of Gas/Oil Capillary Pressure on Minimum Miscibility Pressure for Tight Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Kaiyi , Nojabaei Bahareh , Ahmadi Kaveh , Johns Russell T.
Published: December 2019

Shale and tight reservoir rocks have pore throats on the order of nanometers, and, subsequently, a large capillary pressure. When the permeability is ultralow (k < 200 nd), as in many shale reservoirs, diffusion might dominate over advection, so that the gas injection might no longer be controlled by the multicontact minimum miscibility pressure (MMP). For gasfloods in tight reservoirs, where k > 200 nd and capillary pressure is still large, however, advection likely dominates over diffusive transport, so that the MMP once again becomes important. This paper focuses on the latter case to demonstrate that the capillary pressure, which has an impact on the fluid pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) behavior, can also alter the MMP.

The results show that the calculation of the MMP for reservoirs with nanopores is affected by the gas/oil capillary pressure, owing to alteration of the key tie lines in the displacement; however, the change in the MMP is not significant. The MMP is calculated using three methods: the method of characteristics (MOC); multiple mixing cells; and slimtube simulations. The MOC method relies on solving hyperbolic equations, so the gas/oil capillary pressure is assumed to be constant along all tie lines (saturation variations are not accounted for). Thus, the MOC method is not accurate away from the MMP but becomes accurate as the MMP is approached when one of the key tie lines first intersects a critical point (where the capillary pressure then becomes zero, making saturation variations immaterial there). Even though the capillary pressure is zero for this key tie line, its phase compositions (and, hence, the MMP) are impacted by the alteration of all other key tie lines in the composition space by the gas/oil capillary pressure. The reason for the change in the MMP is illustrated graphically for quaternary systems, in which the MMP values from the three methods agree well. The 1D simulations (typically slimtube simulations) show an agreement with these calculations as well. We also demonstrate the impact of capillary pressure on CO2-MMP for real reservoir fluids. The effect of large gas/oil capillary pressure on the characteristics of immiscible displacements, which occur at pressures well below the MMP, is discussed.
Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rural Rwanda: Time to contextualize the interventions? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Munganyinka Charlotte Bavuma , Musafiri Sanctus , Rutayisire Pierre-Claver , Mwihaki Loise , McQuillan Ruth , Wild Sarah H.
Published: December 2019

Aim: Existing prevention and treatment strategies target the classic types of diabetes yet this approach might not always be appropriate in some settings where atypical phenotypes exist. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda. Methods: A cross-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited from April 2015 to April 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, medical files and physical examinations. Chi-square tests and T-tests were used to compare proportions and means between rural and urban residents. Results: A total of 472 participants were recruited, including 295 women and 315 rural residents. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower levels of education, were more likely to be employed in low-income work and to have limited access to running water and electricity. Diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age in rural residents (mean ± SD 32±18 vs 41±17 years; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and obesity were significantly less prevalent in rural than in urban individuals (44% vs 66%, 14.9% vs 28.7% and 27.6% vs 54.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was lower in rural than in urban participants. High waist circumference was more prevalent in urban than in rural women and men (75.3% vs 45.5% and 30% vs 6%, respectively; p< 0.001). History of childhood under-nutrition was more frequent in rural than in urban individuals (22.5% vs 6.4%; p< 0.001). Conclusions : Characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda appear to differ from those of individuals with diabetes in urban settings, suggesting that sub-types of diabetes exist in Africa. Generic guidelines for diabetes prevention and management may not be appropriate in different populations. Key words: diabetes; risk factors; malnutrition; rural; Rwanda
Does intimate partner violence influence the utilization of maternal health services?
Authors: Acharya Devaraj , Adhikari Ramesh , Ranabhat Chhabilal , Paudel Radha , Thapa Purna Bahadur , Kreps Gary L.
Published: December 2019

Background: Intimate partner violence [IPV] is a public health problem globally and is most common in developing countries. IPV affects more than one fourth of all women of reproductive age [WRA]. It is most critical during pregnancy. IPV not only affects physical and mental well-being but also leads to negative consequences with birth outcomes. The paper aims to find out the association between background characteristics of participants, IPV, and utilization of maternal health services.
Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016 to assess the association between IPV and maternal service utilization: ANC visits and institutional delivery. Altogether 1374 WRA were randomly selected. Background characteristics of the WRA and those who experienced IPV were the independent variables and ANC visits and institutional delivery were the dependent variables.
Results: Data showed that 26 percent of the WRA had faced at least one form of IPV, 68 percent had visited health facilities at least four times for ANC check-ups during pregnancy, and the rate of institutional delivery was 61 percent. There were associations among IPV with ANC visits and institutional delivery (p<0.001). Age group, educational level, ethnicity, number of children, residence setting, and wealth status of the WRA were significantly associated with ANC visits and institutional delivery (p<0.001).
Conclusions: IPV, educational level, and wealth status of WRA were significant predictors for maternal health service utilization. Policy makers should incorporate these significant predictors during planning and intervention programs as well.
Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance, Distribution of Subtypes and Drug resistance-associated mutations among Treatment-experienced Individuals in Chengdu, Southwest China, 2014-2016
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Liu Yang , Liu Sijing , Yuan Dan , Su Ling , Ye Li , Gong Fanghong , Gao Yushuang , Baloch Saira , Pei Xiaofang
Published: December 2019

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Pelvic and Bladder Catecholamine-Producing Tumors A Review of the Literature
Authors: Petramala Luigi , Bisogni Valeria , Olmati Federica , Concistrè Antonio , Celi Monia , Saracino Vincenza , Iannucci Gino , Toma Giorgio De , Tarallo Maria Rita , Ciardi Antonio , Letizia Claudio
Published: December 2019

Purpose . Starting from the description of two interesting cases, we wondered to review the literature on pelvic and bladder paragangliomas (PGLs) in order to illustrate clinical characteristics and current management, lightening the needed of a prompt diagnosis to avoid the onset of several complications. Although PGLs may arise at any site where physiologically chromaffin tissue exists, pelvic origins are not frequent (less than 2%), and the most common localization is the retroperitoneal space, whereas bladder PGLs account for less than 0.06% of all bladder neoplasms and less than 1% of all PGLs.
Methods . We herein performed a brief review of the literature about pelvic PGLs in the PubMed library, conducted according to the PRISMA statement, including studies published from 1954 to 2019. We also discuss clinical presentation, morphologic appearance, and management of two cases of pelvic PGL, both of them characterized by an history of paroxysmal high blood pressure episodes uncontrolled by antihypertensive therapy associated with disabling symptoms, not clearly understood for many years.
Results . Overall, we evaluated 108 case reports. The majority were females, presenting typical signs and symptoms, such as arterial hypertension (54.2%), hematuria (35.1%), and headache (33.6%). After treatment, the clinical and biochemical remission was evident in only 55% of analyzed cases.
Conclusions . For their singular localization, pelvic and bladder PGLs often might be misdiagnosed. The significant delay in the proper treatment could be responsible for the relative low percentage of complete clinical and biochemical remission.
Prone Position as a Care Practice of the Physical Therapists in Public Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Southern Brazil Prone Position in NICU Southern Brazil
Authors: Martinello Micheli , Johnston Cíntia , Souza Fabíola Isabel Suano , Strufaldi Maria Wany Louzada
Published: December 2019

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Novel compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in ASCC1 in a Chinese patient with spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 2 : evidence supporting a "Definitive" gene-disease relationship
Authors: Lu Weiliang , Liang Mingxing , Su Jiasun , Wang Jin , Li Lingxiao , Zhang Shujie , Qin Zailong , Huang Limei , Lu Yingchi , Yi Shang , Yi Sheng , Xie BoBo , Zheng Haiyang , Luo Jingsi , Gao Xiaoyan , Shen Yiping
Published: December 2019

Background: A very limited spectrum of ASCC1 pathogenic variants had been reported in five (mostly consanguineous) families with spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 2 [OMIM #616867] since 2016. Methods:A proband from a non-consanguineous Chinese family presented with neonatal severe hypotonia, respiratory distress, muscle weakness and atrophy, as well as congenital bone fractures was examined by exome sequencing. Results: A compound heterozygosity of a nonsense (c.932C>G ,p.Ser311Ter) and an exon 5 deletion in ASCC1 segregating with phenotypes was detected, both variants are novel and pathogenic. Since ASCC1 is a relative new disease gene, we performed the gene curation following ClinGen SOP. The existing evidence is sufficient to support a "Definitive" level of disease-gene relationship. Conclusion: This case report expended the mutation spectrum of ASCC1 and support the notion that this novel disease also occur in outbreed populations and this is a rare disease but may still be underdiagnosed due to its perinatal lethal outcomes. Keywords: spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 2; ASCC1 ; compound heterozygous; gene curation; exome sequencing
Oxygenation derangements after subarachnoid hemorrhage: incidence and impact on the outcome. Data from a large multicenter, retrospective study.
Authors: Mazeraud Aurelien , Robba Chiara , Iaquaniello Carolina , Rebora Paola , Vargiolu Alessia , Rass Verena , Bogossian Elisa , Helbok Reimund , Taccone Fabio , Citerio Giuseppe
Published: December 2019

BackgroundHypoxemia and hyperoxemia are frequent after acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and are associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. Among the pulmonary complications causing oxygen derangements, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) seems to be crucial, with a reported incidence ranging from 11 to 50%. MethodsWe designed a multicentric, retrospective cohort study in tree intensive care in Europe. We collected data between January 2009 and December 2017. We included adult patients (≥18 years) with a diagnosis of aSAH. Hypoxemia was defined as PaO2 <60mmHg, mild hyperoxemia as PaO2>120mmHg, and severe hyperoxemia as PaO2>200mmHg. The primary aim of this study was to assess the incidence of episodes of hypoxemia, hyperoxemia, and the oxygen variability values (calculated as the daily difference between the highest and the lowest arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)) during the first week after the intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Secondary aims included the evaluation of the incidence of ARDS according to the Berlin criteria, and the assessment of the effect of oxygen derangements on patients’ outcomes.Results855 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 6.4% of the patients presented at least one episode of hypoxemia (PaO2 <60mmHg), 56.6% of mild hyperoxemia (PaO2 >120mmHg), and 16.8% of severe hyperoxemia (PaO2 >200mmHg). The cumulative incidence of ARDS resulted in 2.2% on the first day since ICU admission, 3.2% by three days, and 3.6% by seven days. A lower Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) at admission, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, higher PaO2 variability, hypoxemia, and ARDS occurrence were independently associated with poor outcome.ConclusionsHypoxemia and hyperoxemia episodes are frequent in the first 7-days of ICU stay after aSAH, whereas ARDS has a low incidence. The severity of aSAH but also ARDS occurrence, oxygenation parameters, and duration of MV are associated with patients’ outcomes
Impact of indoor residual spraying on malaria transmission in the Moïssala health district, Chad
Authors: Israël Demba Kodindo , Abel Diomba Dobar , Oumar Adoum Mahamat , Tchonfinet Moundai , Fadel Amen Nakebang , Elise Yangalbé-Kalnoné , Abba Brahim Adef , Belemel Djédion , Pallay Mallaye , Clément Kerah-Hinzoumbe
Published: December 2019

BackgroudMalaria is a major public health and development problem in Africa. In Chad in 2016, with 720 765 confirmed cases and 1 686 deaths, malaria is the main cause of consultations, hospitalizations and deaths in health facilities. A longitudinal entomological study was carried out from 07 to 24 December 2016 in the Moïssala health district. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of malaria transmission one year after two cycles of indoor residual spraying of 80% bendiocarb wettable powder (Ficam WP 80 W).MethodsTwo areas were defined for the study: the town of Dembo, located in the sprayed area, was chosen as the test town and Moïssala, located in the untreated area, was chosen as the control town. Two sampling methods were used: collection of resting endophilic fauna and direct capture of aggressive mosquitoes from human subjects. ResultsA total of 16 sessions of catches on human subjects totalling 32 man-nights were conducted and 160 rooms were sprayed per site. For 160 sprayed chambers per site, two anopheles were captured in Dembo compared to 547 in Moïssala. Three anophelian species have been morphologically identified. In Moïssala, An gambiae sl (An colluzzii : 96%, An gambiae : 4%), An funestus and An rufipes were captured at rest in the rooms and on human bait. In Dembo, the two anopheles, An colluzzii and An funestus were captured at rest in the rooms. On human bait as in endophilic fauna, An gambiae sp was the most common species in Moïssala. The aggressive anophelian density was zero in Dembo while it is 9 bites per man per night in Mosesala. Only Anopheles gambiae sp was found infected in aggressive wildlife. The sporozoite index of the aggressive fauna of An gambiae sp was 7.45%. Malaria transmission was estimated at 0.67 infected bites per man per night, or 244.55 infected bites per man per year. In endophilic fauna, An gambiae sp and An rufipes were the two species found infected in Moïssala with sporozoite indices of 6.70% (23/343) and 20% (2/10) respectively. However, in Dembo, neither of the two captured individuals was found infected.ConclusionsThe indoor residual spraying campaign in the eastern zone of the Moïssala health district has led to the collapse of the density and aggressiveness of malaria vectors. However, its evaluation over a short period of time is not sufficient to assess the impact of malaria transmission in this stable and highly endemic malaria zone.