bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic User Routing, Paid and Free Users, Web applications, Content Delivery Network (CDN)
Authors: G V S Abhishek Varma
Published: July 2023

Abstract: This research paper introduces a novel approach for efficient routing between paid and free users in web applications by harnessing the capabilities of a Content Delivery Network (CDN). The primary objective of this study is to optimize user experience and resource allocation based on user type, aiming to deliver personalized content while maximizing resource utilization. The proposed routing mechanism dynamically directs users to the appropriate pages or content based on their subscription status, leveraging the integration of a CDN into the web application architecture. The paper thoroughly explores the implementation details, emphasizing the seamless interaction between the CDN and user authentication mechanisms, and investigates the routing algorithms employed to intelligently determine the most suitable content delivery path for each user type. Through comprehensive experimentation and evaluation, the research demonstrates the efficiency and scalability of the proposed approach. Various user scenarios are considered, and factors such as response time, resource utilization, and content availability are evaluated. The experimental results showcase the significant enhancement of the overall user experience achieved through the dynamic user routing mechanism, providing tailored content delivery while effectively managing resource allocation. The findings of this research contribute to the field of web application development, particularly in managing different user types and delivering personalized content. By effectively leveraging CDNs and implementing dynamic routing strategies, web applications can optimize user satisfaction, ensure efficient resource utilization, and accommodate varying user subscription models. This research offers valuable insights and practical implications for designing and implementing usercentric web applications that deliver customized experiences and efficiently allocate resources based on user types. The paper delves into the implementation details, highlighting the key components and functionalities of the proposed solution. It explores the integration of the CDN into the web application architecture, emphasizing the seamless interaction between the CDN and user authentication mechanisms. Additionally, it investigates the routing algorithms employed to intelligently determine the appropriate content delivery path for each user type.
Start-up Acquisition Status Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mane Rutvika S.
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Startup acquisition is the process where companies interested in investing in startups buy and own some or all of the startup's shares. However, investing in startups requires extensive research as many startups fail within a short period of time, and other factors such as IPO and acquisition by other companies also need to be considered. The recent advances in machine learning have made it possible to predict a startup's acquisition status based on financial statistics, historic data and market trends. The model uses supervised learning to find patterns and correlations between the input features (startup characteristics) and the related acquisition status by learning from labelled data. The prediction model is constructed using machine learning algorithms like KNN and random forests which can save time and costs for investors and speed up their investment process. Also, it aims to classify a startup's acquisition status as Operating, Acquired, IPO, or Closed based on input data. When using the Random Forest approach, the suggested system for predicting acquisition status achieves an accuracy score of 93%, whereas using the KNN (K-Nearest Neighbours) strategy, it earns a score of 91%.
Techniques and Tools for in Silico Drug Design for The Development of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Masilamani K. , Senthilnathan B. , Manoyogambiga M. , Gowri R. , Vigneshwar M. , Sathiyasundar R. , Rajaganapathy K.
Published: July 2023

This review focuses on different techniques used in the in-silico drug design, such as molecular modeling, molecular docking, pharmacophore mapping, QSAR, and more, and also highlights and looks at how these techniques are being used to create new potential anticancer drugs for their effective cancer treatments. Most of the article studies focus on In-silico approaches only but rarely on the In-silico approach used to develop anticancer drugs with effective targets. Cancer, which is caused by pathophysiological changes in the normal process of cell division, has become a serious disorder that kills a lot of people every year all over the world. Recently, more than 19.3 million (19,300,000) new instances of cancer were identified and reported; based on the available data, this will result in almost 10 million fatalities in 2020. The necessity and desire for powerful medications to treat various malignancies have been sparked by the persistently rising occurrences of cancer worldwide, resulting in millions of deaths each year. Developing new anticancer drugs is a high priority for researchers and medical professionals, and designing these anticancer drugs is challenging, expensive, and time-consuming. In-silico drug design, also known as computer-aided drug discovery/design (CADD) approaches, have been created to get around these restrictions and manage massive amounts of emerging data. It is possible to use computational tools to aid in the design of experiments and, more crucially, to clarify the links between structure and activity that underlie drug discovery and lead optimization techniques. To design effective new drugs, one should understand the molecular processes that cause cancer on the molecular level. In silico drug design is a powerful tool for understanding these molecular processes and developing new and effective anticancer drugs. Keywords: , , , , , Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, and Virtual screening.
The Criticisms on the Orientalistsâ€™ Shubha and the Arguments on the Authenticity of the Qurâ€™an
Authors: Mustaqim Abdul
Published: July 2023

This article reconsiders theÂ shubhaÂ (misgrounded conceit) proposed by the orientalists. The firstÂ shubhais about the revelation of the Qurâ€™an; the secondÂ shubhais about the differences of qiraâ€™at (recitations or readings) claimed by the orientalists as proof that the Quran is not entirely authentic for the existence of false readings. The thirdÂ shubhaÂ is about the authorship and the relationship of the Qurâ€™an with previous divine books (Tawrat and Bible) showing that the Qurâ€™an is a plagiarism work of The Prophet Muhammad or the notion of influence or borrowings from Judeo-Christian tradition. Employing the theological-historical approach, this article argues that, firstly, that the Qurâ€™an is a Divine Revelation is evident from the linguistic style in which it very often uses direct speech to Muhammad, such as â€œSay, (O Muhammad to the mankind)â€, and from the criticism posed by the Qurâ€™an to Muhammad as the recipient of the revelation. Historically, the process of the writing of the Qurâ€™an has started since the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad and was based on reliable sources, either oral or written, supported by oaths from witnesses from the companions affirming the reliability of the existing records of the Qurâ€™an during that period. Secondly, concerning the variation of the readings, if they are transmitted inÂ mutawatir,Â they are the accepted readings, because theologically the Qurâ€™an was revealed with differences of readings ofÂ sabâ€™at ahruf,Â in which there are a lot of hikmaÂ and there is no contradiction. Finally, concerning the similarities (either the content or dictions) between the Qurâ€™an and previous divine books, the notion of plagiarism is not relevant; it suggests the consistent and reliable chains of Divine Revelation between the messengers, making they are not in contradiction to the revelation received by the Prophet Muhammad (Q.S. Al-NisaÊ¾[4]: 163-164). From the historical-philological perspective, the similarities of concepts or content between the Qurâ€™an and Bible indicate that the Qurâ€™an is in dialogue with the textual discourses found in its environment. It is reasonable because the Qurâ€™an was not revealed in a vacuum context.Â
Hijrah and Islamic Movement in Social Media: A Social Movement Study of Anti-Dating Movement #IndonesiaTanpaPacaran
Authors: Sari Trie Yunita , Husein Fatimah , Noviani Ratna
Published: July 2023

This article examines a flourishing Islamic youth movement in Indonesia, #IndonesiaTanpaPacaran or Indonesia without Dating. This movement calls for hijrah (literally means an action of moving to another place) from Western dating habits to ta'aruf or an Islamic practice of getting married without dating among the Muslim millennial. This article aims to explain the emergence of this movement. Drawing approach from social movement theory, the writer argues that this movement is culturally embedded since piety, religious commodification and political resistance against existing political nuance are overshadowed the emergence of this anti-dating movement. It is found out that this movement is an offshoot of banned Islamic organization Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) that continuously struggles to revive the past transnational rule of khalifah (caliphate) in Indonesia. Consequently, the concept of hijrah in social media campaign does not only to promote Islamic lifestyle like ta'aruf but also to promote caliphate as an alternative to secular democracy. This study is presented given the fact that the research on Islamic youth movement in social media is still lack of attention, despite the so-called hijrah movement is legion and may strategically important to make social change through the use of social media.
Nalar Hermeneutis Ulama Hadis: Larangan Perempuan Bepergian tanpa Mahram dalam Ruang Sejarah Pemahaman
Authors: Miski Miski
Published: July 2023

This article explains how the construction of the hermeneutical reason of hadith scholars related to the hadith of the prophet that mentions the prohibition of women travels without aÂ mahram. Using the sociological and historical approach, and hermeneutic analysis, the findings point to the conclusion that the hadith exists with a diverse narrative, especially related to the boundary radius of distance and travel time. To understand this hadith, scholars need to analyze further and interpret the hadith based on the context, not merely on its literal text. To conclude their interpretation, the prohibition of women travelling without theirÂ mahramsis related to comfort and safety. AÂ mahramÂ can either be replaced or removed when the situation is already safe. In other words, the role of aÂ mahramis considered more on its functional instead of its existential aspect. Despite the use of hermeneutics approach by contemporary scholars to sustain the existing studies, this study still becomes a critique since the offer is not entirely new. Previous scholars have used this hermeneutic approach, and since their understanding is contextually based on their own era, diverse interpretation is inevitable.Â
Jamaah Ahmadiyah: Ideologi dan Pola Keberagamaan di Tengah Kemajemukan
Authors: Rahmatullah Lutfi , Istianah Istianah
Published: July 2023

This study aims to explore the religious patterns of the Jemaat Ahmadiyya in Indonesia, with a focus of the study in the villages of Gondrong, Banten and Manislor, Kuningan, West Java, especially about the views related to religious and state relations, and their existence as a 'minority group' in Indonesia. Based on a phenomenological approach, wherein the data is obtained by involving the researcher directly in the social process of the study subject, the results of this study show that the relationship between religion and state is understood by Ahmadiya in the framework of the concept ofÂ Khilafah; a concept that is believed to be inevitable, as a form of continuous moral guidance from the prophetic system. But in term of operationalization is not oriented towards political practice and does not clash with state ideology.Â KhilafahÂ is understood only in the context of religion, spirituality, and other religious rites. As a minority group living in pluralistic community culture, the Ahmadiyya sees that the various cases of violence that have befallen their followers are a form of manifestation of the maturity level of the Indonesian people in responding to differences. So, the diversity that exists is still a trigger for potential conflict
Temboro Tablighi Jamaatâ€™s Reception to Hadith on Covid-19
Authors: Zuhri Qudsy Saifuddin , Awwabin Muhammad Rosyid , Sholahuddin Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Tablighi Jamaat (TJ) has recently been in a global spotlight as it is considered to cause a new cluster of Covid-19 cases to occur. According to some news reported by various media, Tablighi Jamaat remained in their ignorance of the pandemic. This may partly result from the way of interpreting religious texts. This article aims to discuss the views of the Temboro Tablighi Jamaat, Magetan, East Java aboutÂ Covid-19, the factors that shape their understanding, and their religious activities during theÂ Covid-19 pandemic. This article shows that the followers of Tablighi Jamaat in Temboro, Magetan, East Java, view diseases from the point of view of sharia (exoteric path) and haqiqa (mystcal truth). From the point of view of haqiqa, they see the disease as something that naturally comes from Allah. Meanwhile, adopting the point of view of Sharia, they try to replicate the way the Prophet Muhammad when he dealt with illnesses, which is documented in the hadith about the plague (thaâ€™un). This reflectsÂ two reception models, namely exegetical reception and functional reception. This understanding then changed the TJ followersâ€™ way of conducting their activities during theÂ Covid-19 pandemic. Their implementing health protocols and setting reasonable restrictions on the activities they usually perform in normal conditions. Therefore, this article also denies the statements of media about the ignorance of TJ followers in Temboro as to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Indonesian Muslimsâ€™ Reception toward Wirid, Zikr and Shalawat during Covid-19 Outbreak; A Mediated Living Hadith
Authors: Dewi Subkhani Kusuma , Huda M. Johan Nasrul
Published: July 2023

This research studies duâ€™a (wirid, zikr and shalawat) that has been practised by Indonesian muslims to show their response toward Covid-19 outbreak. Using two techniques: survey and interview, this research highlights two model of receptions in living Quran and hadith to understand the practice of duâ€™a. While many consider public ignorance, this research focuses on personal awareness toward the shift of religious gathering (jamaâ€™ah) during the quarantine days and their perception of internet-mediated religiosity at the meantime. The result says that the respondents confirm the variability of wirid, zikr, shalawat, such as,Â li khamsatun,Â shalawat tibbil qulubÂ andÂ doa pagi dan petang.Â Â However, their engagement with the internet does not parallel to their authority preference; most of the respondents prefer to graspÂ ijazah(formally transmission) from the closest family and the surrounded ulama network. A contrasting idea is also seen, as they emphasize face-to faceÂ ijazahÂ for their own personal matter, some allow others to take theÂ ijazahÂ digitally.
Comics, Da'wa, and the Representation of Religious Moderation
Authors: Zulhazmi Abraham Zakky
Published: July 2023

This study aims to show the representation of religious moderation which is generated in three comic books on the topic of hijrah, a term now connoting a change in behavior from negative behaviors to good ones in relation to obedience to the rules of Islam. The choice of the topic was dictated by the fact that hijrah has been on a growing trend among middle-class Muslims in past years. This is literature research using interpretive method of qualitative research. The theory used in this research was Stuart Hall’s theory of representation. Hall stated that meanings are determined by language. In this study, the researcher tried to convey the meanings attached to pictures and dialogues in three comic books under study to show the representation of religious moderation. This research came to a conclusion that the three comic books on the topic of hijrah (Black Metal Istiqomah by Achmad Deptian, Hijrah; Saatnya Berubah by Dzulhilman Roslan and Megat Mohd Faris and iQomic volume 2: Hijrah in an anthology compiled by 14 comic-book writers) demonstrate and the value of religious moderation. Anti-violence, tolerance, and acceptance of local cultures are often taken as the indicators of religious moderation. Those indicators can be seen from the narration (dialogues and plots) developed and visual images produced in those comic books.
Interrupting Voice in Cyber Media: Standing and Rationales of Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) of West Sumatera in Rejecting Religious Moderation Campaign
Authors: Febri Nanda Hilman , Naupal
Published: July 2023

This article discusses legal position of West Sumatra’s Indonesian Ulema Council in responding to religious moderation campaign offered by Government. On many occasions, West Sumatra’s Ulema Council has shown their rejection and objection to various religious concepts popularized by State Institution. This rejection was not only given to the people of West Sumatra, but also propagated through other cyber channels, such as social media and their official online platforms. This study is based on library research and field data. Using Jürgen Habermas' public sphere theory, this article explains how such their standings might be viewed as dialogical challenges to keep the public sphere remains an enabling venue for religious dialogue. The arguments they present through various cybermedia channels have an intrinsic correlation to the conceptions they criticize. Through cyberspace, responses, confirmations, and arguments between communication subjects can also be seen, which keeps the religious discourse being discussed relevant. By not confirming which standing is the strongest and most universal in religious moderation, this article demonstrates that the robustness and universality of a religious campaign require public sphere, such as this cyberspace, and those who use that space as a means of rational consideration can then be accepted and evaluated by the public at large.
The Role of the Fashion Industry and Muslim Celebgrams in Constructing Contemporary Muslim Fashion Trends among Female Students
Authors: Zulfatun Ni'mah  , Mahmud Arif  , Chanif Ainun Naim  , Rahmatullah
Published: July 2023

The widespread of the fashion industry, which heavily utilizes the Instagram platform for marketing, influences the trends of Muslim fashion. Additionally, the image presented by Muslimah influencers also contributes to shaping the standards of contemporary Muslim clothing. This study aims to explore the role of the fashion industry and the image of Muslimah influencers in constructing contemporary standards of Muslimah attire. The study focuses on observing this phenomenon among female students at Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University Yogyakarta. By utilizing Giddens' theory of structuration with descriptive and interpretive analysis, the changes in contemporary Muslim fashion trends among female students are seen as outcomes of the process of structuration. The internal dynamics within Muslimah individuals who have a tendency to appear fashionable without compromising their religiosity serve as a form of self-identity representation. At the same time, there are external structures that also influence them in determining Muslimah clothing, namely the external factors of the fashion industry's role and influencer images. This article argues that fashion trends are created through the existence of agency factors, where the interests of the industry and influencers are involved.
Failure to launch? Or a thirty-year career detour? A users' manual for supporting second-career scientists in your immunology lab.
Authors: Nazzaro Mary Nicole
Published: July 2023

Laboratory science sometimes looks like it’s built exclusively for young
people, but if you look closely, you’ll find another group of scientists
waiting to join your lab: those of us who didn’t quite launch our
careers on a normal trajectory. Welcoming a second-career scientist into
your lab takes time and resources, but may just be well worth it. Here’s
what one second-career scientist wants you to know about supporting
second careers in immunology.
Children’s Oncology Group Blueprint for Research: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Loh Mignon , Raetz Elizabeth , Bhojwani Deepa , Devidas Meenakshi , Gore Lia , Rabin Karen , Tasian Sarah , Teachey David
Published: July 2023

Cure rates for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common
childhood cancer have steadily improved over the past five decades. This
is due to intensifying systemic therapy, recognizing and treating the
central nervous system as a sanctuary site, and implementing modern risk
stratification to deliver varying intensities of therapy based on age,
presenting white blood count (WBC), sentinel somatic genetics, and
therapy response. Recently, numerous Children’s Oncology Group trials
have demonstrated the lack of benefit of intensifying traditional
chemotherapy, providing evidence that new approaches are needed to cure
the patients for whom cure has been elusive. Distinguishing those who
require intensive or novel therapeutic approaches from others who will
be cured with minimal therapy is key for future trials. Incorporating
new genomic biomarkers and more sensitive measures of minimal/measurable
residual disease (MRD) provide opportunities to achieve these goals.
QRS Width: Easily Obtained but Overlooked Parameter in Monitoring Algorithms in Implantable Devices
Authors: Aggarwal Arjun K. , Nanthakumar Ayana , Daba Bonnie , Veluppillai Arulalan , R Melanie Burg , Nanthakumar Kumaraswamy
Published: July 2023

Introduction We describe the progressive increase in the QRS
durations (QRSd) and the subsequent decrease in the left ventricular
ejection fractions (LVEF) of two patients post pacemaker implantation.
We aim to highlight the need for contemporary cardiac implantable
electronic devices (CIEDs) to include QRSd monitoring in the standard
device data capture. This would ultimately allow for early interventions
to be made to prevent chronic heart failure (CHF) hospitalizations.
Methods The echocardiographic studies of two patients (pre and
post pacemaker implantation) were analyzed, in order to determine
changes in QRSd and LVEF data leading up to CHF hospitalization events.
Results Patient 1 had a QRSd of 66 msec in June of 2018, one
month before pacemaker implantation. Six months after implantation,
Patient 1 had an increased QRSd of 156 msec. This was accompanied with a
stark decrease in LVEF, from 55% at the time of implantation to below
35% in October of 2020. Patient 2 had a QRSd of 160 msec and a LVEF of
43% prior to the implantation of a pacemaker in 2016. Patient 2
similarly showed a progressive increase in their QRSd and was found to
have a significantly decreased LVEF of 17% when hospitalized for
decompensated heart failure around 5 years after pacemaker insertion.
Conclusion Chronic RV apical pacing can be associated with
adverse effects, leading to compromised cardiac function and resulting
in pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM). Progressive paced QRS widening
can be indicative of CHF development and correlates with a decline in
ejection fraction. The addition of device based QRS width monitoring to
the current trend toolkit in implantable devices could alert
electrophysiologists and patients of the potential for PICM, in the
absence of serial 12 lead comparisons. This pre-emptive alert is
essential in an era where remedy in the form of cardiac
resynchronization and physiological pacing therapy is readily available.
Pathogen invasion enhances the abundance of predatory protists and their prey associations in the plant microbiome
Authors: Gao Min , Xiong Chao , Tsui Kin-Ming (Clement) , Cai Lei
Published: July 2023

Untangling the responses of protistan communities associated with soil
and plant compartments and their associations with bacterial and fungal
communities to pathogen invasion are critical for understanding the
ecological processes governing plant microbiome assembly. Here we
examined the protistan communities across the soil–plant continuum of
healthy chili peppers and those with Fusarium wilt disease (FWD) and
integrated the bacterial and fungal microbiome data from our previous
investigation in China. We found that FWD was associated with a
significant enrichment of phagotrophic protists in roots and an increase
in the proportion and connectivity of these phagotrophic protists in
intra- and interkingdom networks. Specifically, FWD increased the
negative correlations between phagotrophic protists (especially Cercozoa
and Ciliophora) and several members of Actinobacteria,
Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria in the interkingdom
networks. Furthermore, the microbiomes of diseased plants not only
exhibit a higher relative abundance of functional genes related to
bacterial anti-predator responses compared to healthy plants, but also
contained a greater abundance of metagenome-assembled genomes possessing
functional traits involved in this response. The increased microbial
interkingdom correlations among bacteria, fungi, and protists, coupled
with the enhanced effects of protists on bacteria and fungi, as well as
the notable bacterial anti-predator feedback in the diseased plant
microbiome, all suggest that FWD catalyzes the associations between
different groups of microbiomes. These findings highlight the role of
predatory protists in shaping microbial assembly and functionality
through top-down forces during pathogenic stress, potentially
contributing to co-evolution within these soil and plant microbiomes.
Metabarcoding of a cryptic algal community reveals undocumented diversity, clarifies the herbivory of a generalist invertebrate, and expands the known range of an invasive alga
Authors: Wade Rachael , Sherwood Alison
Published: July 2023

Cryptic species are likely an important source of undescribed diversity,
of which algae are prime examples with convergent morphologies and
complex life cycles. Novel methods are needed to better characterize
their diversity, one avenue being the exploration of their relationships
with other organisms, such as the herbivores that feed upon them.
However, even when assessing generalist diets, it is unclear how
representative this diversity is of the algal community at large. In
this study, we applied a metabarcoding approach to marine, epilithic
algal communities across the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) to catalog
siphonous algal diversity. This approach recovered 92 OTUs of siphonous
green algae, 39 of which are statistically supported as putative
undescribed species. Comparison of this community inventory with that
recovered from the “stolen chloroplasts”, or kleptoplasts, of the sea
slug Plakobranchus cf. ianthobapsus, which is known to target cryptic
and diminutive siphonous green algae as kleptoplast sources, revealed
that P. cf. ianthobapsus only utilizes 25% of the available diversity
and that there is high phylogenetic affinity of kleptoplast diversity:
the sacoglossan almost exclusively sequesters chloroplasts from species
in the suborder Halimedineae. The community inventory of siphonous algal
diversity detected well-established and new populations of the highly
invasive alga Avrainvillea lacerata on the islands of O‘ahu and Maui,
respectively, but was unable to confirm previous records from Kaua‘i.
Comparison of diversity data generated from multiple sources, in this
case epilithic algal communities and algivore associations, provides a
multifaceted view into these relationships, algal diversity, and their
ecology.
Square integrable surface potentials on non-smooth domains and application to the Laplace equation in L2
Authors: Munnier Alexandre
Published: July 2023

Motivated by applications in fluid dynamics involving the harmonic
Bergman projection, we aim to extend the theory of single and double
layer potentials (well documented for functions with H ℓoc 1 regularity)
to locally square integrable functions. Having in mind numerical
simulations for which functions are usually defined on a polygonal mesh,
we wish this theory to cover the cases of non-smooth domains (i.e.with
Lipschitz continuous or polygonal boundaries).
Exploring the influence of land use on the urban carbonyl sulfide budget: a case study of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona
Authors: Estruch Carme , Belviso Sauveur , Badia Alba , Vidal Veronica , Curcoll Roger , Udina Mireia , Grossi Claudia , Morguí Josep-Anton , Segura Ricard , Ventura Sergi , Sola Yolanda , Villalba Gara
Published: July 2023

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is used to quantify the carbon capture potential
of the biosphere because of its direct correlation with CO2 uptake
during photosynthesis. However, to constrain the urban biosphere signal,
it is necessary to evaluate potential anthropogenic sources. We
conducted two sampling campaigns in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona
(AMB), Spain, during May (full COVID lockdown) and October 2020 to
measure the spatial distribution and variability of OCS in four urban
land uses as follows: built, urban forest, urban park, and peri-urban
agriculture. The OCS background levels determined at Tibidabo (442 m
asl) were approximately 484 ±20 ppt and 407 ±8 ppt for May and October
2020, respectively, and agreed with other seasonal surveys conducted in
Europe during that same period. The urban values ranged from neutral to
above background, suggesting nearby anthropogenic and marine emissions
such as +D150 ppt in Montjuic, which is downwind of Barcelona’s harbor.
During the crop-growing season in May, the agricultural areas
consistently showed values below the background (uptake) at 7:00 UTC
when the land breezes were dominant, while later in the morning, when
the sea breeze are developed, the plant sink is masked by the transport
of marine emissions. Urban forests located north of Tibidabo showed OCS
values up to -D70 ppt, suggesting significant uptake by urban forests.
We conclude that determining the urban biosphere signal using OCS as a
tracer is more complex than expected because the marine and
anthropogenic emissions from the port strongly impact the
spatial-temporal distribution of OCS.
Analysis of two selected solar events in 2011 and 2015 with Mars Express radio occultation data
Authors: Krishnan Ananya , Karatekin Ozgur , Verkercke Sebastien , Henry Gregoire , Sánchez‐Cano Beatriz , Witasse Olivier
Published: July 2023

The temporal behaviour of the Martian ionosphere is highly variable due
to various dynamic processes including space weather events. Here, we
study the effect of two solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
on the Martian ionosphere for two selected solar events in 2011 and
2015, using the publicly available Mars EXpress (MEX) radio occultation
(RO) data (MaRS). We developed a data processing software that converts
the calibrated Radio Occultation (RO) Doppler data to scientifically
valuable atmospheric profiles. Using this software and previously
unexplored MaRS observations, the variations in ionospheric parameters
(electron density profiles and total electron content (TEC)) are
calculated in order to evaluate the ionospheric changes due to solar
flares and CMEs. The RO measurements mostly available 1 to 4 days apart
from the peak events, showed no evident change in the TEC nor in the
shape of electron density profiles except for a possible gradual
decrease in altitude of M2 (main layer) peak density following the
arrival of CMEs. To better quantify the effect of solar events on
electron density profiles, RO observations near the time of arrival of
solar flares and CMEs are crucial. This can be achieved by frequent RO
measurements by various Mars orbiters including spacecraft-to-spacecraft
measurements assisted by multi-instrument monitoring of the ionosphere.
The Stepwise Reduction of Multiyear Sea Ice Area in the Arctic Ocean Since 1980.
Authors: Babb David Gareth , Galley Ryan J. , Kirillov Sergei , Landy Jack Christopher , Howell Stephen E. L. , Stroeve Julienne , Meier Walter N , Ehn Jens Kristian , Barber David G.
Published: July 2023

The loss of multiyear sea ice (MYI) in the Arctic Ocean is a significant
change that affects all facets of the Arctic environment. Using a
lagrangian ice age product we examine MYI loss and quantify the annual
MYI area budget from 1980-2021 as the balance of export, melt and
replenishment. Overall, MYI area declined at 72,500 km^2/yr, however
a majority of the loss occurred during two stepwise reductions that
interrupt an otherwise balanced budget and resulted in northward
contractions of the MYI pack. First, in 1989, a change in atmospheric
forcing led to a +56% anomaly in MYI export through Fram Strait. The
second occurred from 2006-2008 with anomalously high melt (+25%) and
export (+23%) coupled with low replenishment (-8%). In terms of
trends, melt has increased since 1989, particularly in the Beaufort Sea,
export has decreased since 2008 due to reduced MYI coverage north of
Fram Strait, and replenishment has increased over the full time series
due to a negative feedback that promotes seasonal ice survival at higher
latitudes exposed by MYI loss. However, retention to older MYI has
significantly declined, transitioning the MYI pack towards younger MYI
that is less resilient than previously anticipated and could soon elicit
another stepwise reduction. We speculate that future MYI loss will be
driven by increased melt and reduced replenishment, both of which are
enhanced with continued warming and will one day render the Arctic Ocean
free of MYI, a change that will coincide with a seasonally ice-free
Arctic Ocean.
Spectral Analysis of ionospheric density variations measured with the large radio telescope in the Low-Latitude region
Authors: Mangla Sarvesh , Datta Abhirup
Published: July 2023

The low-latitude ionosphere is a dynamic region with a wide range of
disturbances in temporal and spatial scales. The Giant Metrewave Radio
Telescope (GMRT) situated in the low-latitude region has demonstrated
its ability to detect various ionospheric phenomena. It can detect total
electron content (TEC) variation with precision of 1 mTECU and also can
measure TEC gradient with an accuracy of about 7×10 
TECU km. This paper describes the spectral analysis
of previously calculated TEC gradient measurements and validates them by
comparing their properties using two bands. The analysis tracked
individual waves associated with medium-scale traveling ionospheric
disturbances (MSTIDs) and smaller waves down to wavelengths of ∼ 10 km.
The ionosphere is found to have unanticipated changes during sunrise
hours, with waves changed propagation direction as the sun approached
the zenith. Equatorial spread F disturbances during sunrise hours is
observed, along with smaller structures moving in the same direction.
Slab Ocean Component of the Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM): Development, Evaluation and Application to Understanding Earth System Sensitivity
Authors: Garuba Oluwayemi A. , Rasch Philip J. , Leung L. Ruby , Wang Hailong , Hagos Samson , Singh Balwinder
Published: July 2023

This work describes the implementation and evaluation of the Slab Ocean
Model component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2
(E3SMv2-SOM), and its application to understanding the climate
sensitivity to ocean heat transport (OHT) strength and CO$_{2}$
forcing. E3SMv2-SOM reproduces the baseline climate and Equilibrium
Climate Sensitivity (ECS) of the E3SMv2 fully coupled experiments,
reasonably well, with a pattern correlation close to 1 and global mean
bias that is less than 1$\%$ of the fully coupled
surface temperature, precipitation and sea ice extent and volume.
Similar to other model behaviour, the ECS estimated from the SOM
(4.5$^\circ$C) is greater than the estimate from
fully coupled model (4.0$^\circ$C; from 150 years
regression). The E3SMv2 baseline climate is also very sensitive to the
strength of the OHT from which the prescribed ocean heat convergence
(OHC) for the SOM is derived, with a surface temperature difference of
about 4.0$^\circ$C between high- and low-OHT SOM
experiments. The surface temperature response in the high/low-OHT
experiments occur through a positive/negative Shortwave cloud radiative
effect, caused by a decrease/increase in marine low-level clouds over
subpolar regions. This surface temperature sensitivity to prescribed
OHCs is particularly large in the Southern hemisphere and is associated
with an overcompensation of between prescribed OHC/OHT by atmosphere
heat transports. This large sensitivity indicates stronger low-level
cloud feedbacks in E3SM. The SOMâ\euro™s ECS estimate is
also sensitive to the baseline climate it is initialized from, with an
ECS difference of 0.5$^\circ$C between the high- and
low- OHT CO$_2$ increase experiments.
Detection of Algorithmically Generated Domain Names using Ensemble Machine Learning Technique
Authors:   Department of Cyber Security, Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), Kaduna - Nigeria., Abdullahi S.M. , Mohammed A. , Ibrahim R.Y. , Shamsuddeen A. S.
Published: July 2023

Prior to now, cyber attackers use malwares with hard-coded domain names stored in the malware binaries that communicate with a command and control (C&C) servers to launch cyber-attacks on their victim computers. Malware attacks such as botnets and ransomwares are some of the most prevalent forms of these attacks. As soon as a system is infected with a malware (either a botnet or a ransomware), one of the most essential components is to establish a secured communication with the botmaster (i.e., the malware author), through a C&C server. However, with a simple reverse engineering technique, cyber security experts could detect and block these domain names, hence, denying them the ability to communicate with the C&C servers and from receiving further instructions from the botmaster. This led to cyber criminals developing the Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA) technique, which algorithmically generate thousands or more candidate’s domain names for communication with the C&C server, thereby obfuscating the domain names of these malwares and making it difficult for cyber security experts to detect or block these domain names. This paper therefore proposes an ensemble machine learning technique for the detection and classification of algorithmically generated domain names (AGDNs) leveraging the combined strength of 4 different machine learning algorithms: Naïve Bayes, SVM, Random Forest and CART. The models were trained twice, first with 4 features and thereafter with 10 features. In order to effectively utilise the result of the predictions, we used a voting-based ensemble approach, where the final classification is decided by the majority vote of the algorithms. Result of the research shows that the Naïve Bayes model performed better than all the other models with an accuracy of 97.54% when trained with 10 features and 95.99% when trained with 4 features. Keywords: WSN, DDoS, Intrusion Detection System, Random Forest, Machine Learning. Proceedings Citation Format Abdullahi, S.M., Mohammed, A., Ibrahim, R.Y. & Shamsuddeen, A. (2023): Detection of Algorithmically Generated Domain Names using Ensemble Machine Learning Technique. Proceedings of the Cyber Secure Nigeria Conference. Nigerian Army Resource Centre (NARC) Abuja, Nigeria. 11-12th July, 2023. Pp 27-34. https://cybersecurenigeria.org/conference-proceedings/volume-2-2023/ dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CSEAN-SMART2023P2.
Rethinking Your Application Security Posture from Code to Cloud
Authors:   Senior DevSecOps Engineer Lagos, Nigeria, Afolabi O.
Published: July 2023

This paper explores the importance of reevaluating the application security posture in the context of modern software development practices and the shift towards cloud computing. It highlights the challenges posed by the evolving threat landscape and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and proactive security strategy. The paper also discusses various techniques and best practices for securing applications from the code level to the cloud environment, encompassing secure coding practices, and the effective utilization of cloud security services. By adopting a holistic approach to application security, organizations can mitigate risks and protect their applications and data throughout the software development lifecycle. Keywords: Application Security, Software Development, Cloud Computing, Secure Coding, Vulnerability Assessment, Penetration Testing, Cloud Security Services Proceedings Citation Format Afolabi, O. (2023): Rethinking Your Application Security Posture from Code to Cloud. Proceedings of the Cyber Secure Nigeria Conference. Nigerian Army Resource Centre (NARC) Abuja, Nigeria. 11-12th July, 2023. Pp 35-40. https://cybersecurenigeria.org/conference-proceedings/volume-2-2023/ dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CSEAN-SMART2023P5
Best Practices to Implement and Pitfalls to Avoid in Cloud Application Security
Authors:   Info Forte Arica Lagos, Nigeria, Oyitso E.J. , Ordia E.D.
Published: July 2023

This paper explores the importance of reevaluating the application security posture in the context of modern software development practices and the shift towards cloud computing. It highlights the challenges posed by the evolving threat landscape and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and proactive security strategy. The paper also discusses various techniques and best practices for securing applications from the code level to the cloud environment, encompassing secure coding practices, and the effective utilization of cloud security services. By adopting a holistic approach to application security, organizations can mitigate risks and protect their applications and data throughout the software development lifecycle. Keywords: Application Security, Software Development, Cloud Computing, Secure Coding, Vulnerability Assessment, Penetration Testing, Cloud Security Services Proceedings Citation Format Oyitso, E.J. & Ordia, E.D. (2023): Best Practices to Implement and Pitfalls to Avoid in Cloud Application Security. Proceedings of the Cyber Secure Nigeria Conference. Nigerian Army Resource Centre (NARC) Abuja, Nigeria. 11-12th July, 2023. Pp 41-48. https://cybersecurenigeria.org/conference-proceedings/volume-2-2023/ dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CSEAN-SMART2023P6
Internet of Things (IoT) Security and Private Concerns: An Overview
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Caleb University, Lagos, Nigeria, Mosud Y.O. , Ajulo E.B. , Yinusa A.B.
Published: July 2023

The number of Internet of Things (IoT) applications has greatly increased during the last two decades. Globally, more than half a billion electronic devices are connected. Due to their constant connection to the Internet, IoT applications are frequently targeted by a wide range of conventional threats, such as Trojan horses, worms, malware, spyware, and malicious code injections. It is apparent that traditional threats offer services like accountability, authorization, authentication, and these factors are typically used to identify a subject and determine whether the person is qualified to access the object. With the large numbers of connected devices, it is likely that IoT systems may become more vulnerable to threats and attacks with high-frequency electromagnetic radiation and more advanced viruses. Therefore, there is a pressing need to address these privacy and security concerns because it is insufficient to rely on currently used conventional procedures. This study identifies the knowledge and research gaps in this field by exploring the various dangers that IOT devices are vulnerable to, how these dangers operate and create a recovery mechanism to mitigate the harms. The study concludes by suggesting cutting-edge authentication methods like one-time password (OTP) ID- and password-based, three-factor/multi-factor and blockchain. Keywords: Architecture, Authentication, Internet of Things, Privacy, Security Proceedings Citation Format Mosud, Y. O., Ajulo, E.B. & Yinusa, A.B. (2023): Internet of Things (IoT) Security and Private Concerns: An Overview. Proceedings of the Cyber Secure Nigeria Conference. Nigerian Army Resource Centre (NARC) Abuja, Nigeria. 11-12th July, 2023. Pp 49-58 https://cybersecurenigeria.org/conference-proceedings/volume-2-2023/ dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CSEAN-SMART2023P7
PELATIHAN PENGURUSAN JENAZAH PADA REMAJA ISLAM MASJID KECAMATAN NATAR
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Muhisom Muhisom , Putra Joni , Rusdiani Atik
Published: July 2023

Pelatihan pengurusan jenazah sangat dibutuhkan bagi masyarakat, karena faktanya masih banyak masyarakat yang belum faham dalam perawatan jenazah.Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah membantu RISMA di Kecamatan Natar dengan memberi pelatihan kepungurusan jenazah agar dapat bersama ta’mir masjid mengurus jenazah dan menjadi generasinya, serta menciptakan SDM yang unggul, berpengatuan serta bertakwa kepad Allah SWT. Metode pelaksanaan yang akan digunakan meliputi: (1)Memberikan pelatihan dan workshop dengan menyajikan materi melalui tatap muka langsung/daring mengenai pentingnya peran RISMA terhadap masyarakat, (2)Memberikan pelatihan pengurusan jenazah kepada RISMA se Kecamatan Natar. Pendekatan yang akan diterapkan adalah pendekatan praktik dan komunikatif. Pendekatan ini didasari oleh pemikiran bahwa kemampuan pengurusan jenazah merupakan salah satu tujuan yang harus dicapai dalam upaya-upaya penanaman nilai-nilai, akhlaq, intelektualitas, profesionalisme, moralitas dan integritas Islam dalam membantu kebutuhan masyarakat di Kecamatan Natar
PENGOLAHAN HASIL TANAMAN SINGKONG MENJADI PRODUK BOLA-BOLA SINGKONG DI KAMPUNG KARYA AGUNG, KECAMATAN NEGERI AGUNG, KABUPATEN WAYKANAN
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Maskun Maskun , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Salsabila Syifa Alfiah
Published: July 2023

Pendapatan masyarakat Kampung Karya Agung yang didominasi oleh sektor industri pertanian terdiri atas singkong, karet, sawit, dan padi. Diantara beberapa hasil bumi tersebut salah satunya adalah singkong yang merupakan tanaman yang paling banyak dipanen namun tidak diolah secara maksimal oleh masyarakat di kampung tersebut, seluruh hasil panen singkong tersebut hanya didistribusikan kepada pengumpul pasar, banyaknya singkong yang dipanen membuat para pengumpul pasar tidak sanggup untuk membeli hasil panen secara kesuluruhan sehingga menyebabkan sisa hasil panen singkong terbuang sia-sia. Bedasarkan hasil obervasi yang dilakukan bersama Ketua Lembaga Pengembangan Masyarakat Kampung (LPMK) Karya Agung, maka dilakukan peningkatan nilai tambah ekonomi pada hasil sisa panen singkong menjadi suatu produk baru bagi Kampung Karya Agung yaitu mengubah singkong menjadi kue yang dikemas menjadi bola-bola singkong. Dalam pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan di Kampung Karya Agung, Kecamatan Negeri Agung, Kabupaten Way Kanan dilaksanakan selama 2 hari, dengan adanya program ini masyarakat sangat terbantu dalam memaksimalkan potensi sumber daya lokal yang melimpah berupa singkong yang awalnya hanya dapat terbuang siasia dan setelah mengikuti program masyarakat tersebut dapat mengolah dan menghasilkan produk olahan baru dari bahan dasar singkong.