bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student Midwives’ Perspective on Improving Early Diagnosis in Breast Cancer During Antenatal Care
Authors: Mella Judy
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The incidence of breast cancer in Uganda is estimated at approximately 32.3 per 100,000, with a 5-year survival rate of 56%. Breast cancers present later and have a higher incidence in patients in the child-bearing age group compared with those in high-income countries. Uganda has an ongoing program to train degree-level midwives for extended midwifery roles that are exclusive to practice in Uganda. These midwives are highly motivated and have intimate local knowledge and effective access to the female population with the highest incidence of breast cancers. This work assesses their views on the key reasons women present so late and ideas for system-strengthening measures that will target these reasons, effectively combining antenatal care with breast lump education and diagnosis.

Methods

Midwifery students in years at Lira University were invited to fill out a questionnaire—with two open and seven structured questions—that was handed out at the ends of lectures and collected the next day.

Results

One hundred fifty-three questionnaires were returned. In the open question, midwifery students indicated overwhelmingly that the main reason women present late is ignorance. Finance was perceived to be the second factor. Analysis of the stratified question demonstrated that, even with knowledge of breast cancer, women would still be likely to think that a breast lump does not matter, and this factor scored higher than finances, culture, or access to health care. Of respondents, 73% felt that a facility for diagnosis in the community would definitely help women come for treatment. As midwives, 94% would definitely refer a breast lump to a specialist breast clinic if one was available, and on a background of limited health care funding, 90% still felt that time and money should be prioritized toward breast cancer education diagnosis and treatment because of its impact on the community.

Conclusion

Community midwives are well placed to educate women on breast care in antenatal clinics. This questionnaire demonstrates their perspective on the overriding significance of educating the child-bearing population about breast lumps in addition to cancer education. Therefore, breast lump examination and diagnosis is being taught to the students, community diagnostic facilities are being developed alongside antenatal care (ultrasound and cytology), and a breast lump referral clinic is planned for the new hospital.

AUTHOR’S DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/site/ifc . No COIs from the author.
Impact of a Targeted Free Mammography Screening Program for Underprivileged Women in Malaysia
Authors: Nair Viji , Nazri Viji Dina , Lau Angela , Hashim Rozita , Ratnasingham Clare , Munisamy Murallitharan
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among Malaysians today. Almost two thirds of patients are diagnosed in the late stages of disease, stage III to IV, with poorer outcomes. In addition, evidence has also revealed that most of patients who present in these late stages are those from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds. Women from underprivileged backgrounds have been found to have poorer health-seeking behavior, especially in terms of screening for cancer. This is for a number of reasons, such as affordability, distance to health centers, and other socioeconomic factors, which have a large impact, as Malaysia only offers opportunistic screening for breast cancer and not for free. A specific program to provide free mammography screening targeted toward underprivileged Malaysian women was planned and implemented with the aim of improving access to screening and increasing the rate of screening among this specific group of women.

Methods

Funding for the program was obtained from successful negotiation with a large Malaysian life insurance carrier. To ensure geographic equity, screening services were strategically purchased from 15 hospitals that were spread out across Malaysia. We also built partnerships with various nongovernmental organizations working in the social arena servicing underprivileged groups to reach these groups specifically. The nongovernmental organizations co-organized awareness programs and screening days, together with the National Cancer Society Malaysia, with additional incentivization that included subsidizing transport to mammography centers.

Results

A total of 5,000 underprivileged women from different geographic localities and ethnicities were screened across Malaysia. Of these, 62% received a mammogram for the first time in their lives, whereas 21% received their first repeat mammogram in more than 3 years.

Conclusion

A targeted screening program that incorporated a multipronged approach strategy was successful at increasing access to breast cancer screening for underprivileged Malaysian women.

AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/site/ifc . Murallitharan Munisamy Employment: National Cancer Society of Malaysia Stock or Other Ownership: MMPKV Sdn Bhd–operator of Malaysian Primary Care Clinics
Barriers to Mammography Screening in Nigeria: A Survey of Two Communities With Different Access to Screening Facilities
Authors: Olasehinde Olalekan , Alatise Olusegun I. , Arowolo Olukayode A. , Mango Victoria L. , Olajide Olalere S. , Omisore Adeleye D. , Boutin-Foster Carla , Kingham Thoms P.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Breast cancer outcomes are poor in most low- and middle-income countries. This is a result, in part, of delayed presentation. Critical to improving this gloomy picture is the promotion of breast cancer screening programs; however, designing a formidable screening program requires obtaining necessary background data. This survey evaluates breast cancer screening practices and barriers in two Nigerian communities with different geographic access to screening facilities.

Methods

We administered a 35-item questionnaire to women age 40 years and older—1,169 participants (52.6%) in the Ife Central Local Government, where mammography services are offered, and 1,053 (47.4%) in the Iwo Local Government, where there are no mammography units. Information on breast cancer screening practices and barriers to mammography screening were compared between the two communities.

Results

Most women had heard of breast cancer (Ife, 94%; Iwo, 97%), but few have had any form of breast cancer screening recommended to them—37.7% of Ife respondents and 36.6% of Iwo respondents. Few women were aware of mammography (Ife, 11.8%; Iwo, 11.4%), whereas mammography uptake was 2.8% Ife respondents and 1.8% in Iwo respondents, despite the latter offering mammography services. Awareness and practice of mammography were not statistically different between the two communities ( P = .74 and P = .1 for Ife and Iwo, respectively). Lack of awareness was the most common reason cited for not undergoing mammography in both communities. Cost was also identified as a barrier, as only 20% of respondents could afford mammography. Despite being offered at little or no cost, uptake of clinical breast examination (CBE) was poor in both communities—27.4% in Iwo and 19.7% in Ife; however, the majority were willing to participate in a routine CBE-based breast cancer screening program.

Conclusion

Access without awareness and community mobilization does not guarantee use of breast cancer screening services. Given the above findings, a comprehensive breast health program that incorporates awareness creation, routine CBE-based screening, and selective mammography is currently underway in a selected Nigerian community.

AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

No COIs from the author
Determinants of Early Cancer Screening Behavior in Nigeria
Authors: Orjiako Tochukwu Charles
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Early detection and improvements and advancements in medicine have contributed to an overall decrease in mortality and morbidity rates that result from cancer diagnoses. Despite this improvement in national and global health status, Nigerians continue to be diagnosed at a later stage and with a more aggressive disease state. This is an important observation given the impact that cancer has on the ability of individuals to function physically, psychologically, and socially within the context of their environment. It is important, therefore, to identify and target specific groups that may be less willing to present for early cancer screening. The aim of this work was to understand the characteristics of Nigerians who are likely or not to present for early cancer screening and to address the use of mechanisms by which we can ensure the timely diagnosis of preventable cancers among Nigerians.

Methods

Adult Nigerians (N = 144), age 18 to 71 years, presented for clinical breast examination, visual inspection with acetic acid, and prostate-specific antigen test screenings after an awareness exercise. Participants completed survey forms that included a personality inventory, early cancer detection behavior scale, and a demography profile. We used multiple regression and analysis of variance to examine predictive patterns and differences between and within groups.

Results

Our results indicate that income (β = .18; P < .05) is a significant determinant of early cancer detection behavior, such that higher earners were more likely to go for screening. There were also significant gender differences in current cancer detection behavior between males (mean, 0.15; standard deviation, 0.51) and females (mean, 0.47; standard deviation, 0.80). Males are less likely to engage in early detection behavior (F1,145 = 4.76; P = .03). Data also show differences between older (age > 41 years) and younger (age < 40 years) participants in the intention to screen for cancer, with older participants reporting more willingness to engage in cancer screening.

Conclusion

Our findings enhance our understanding of the profile of groups who are less likely to screen for cancer. Our results also suggest that awareness campaigns and free screening exercises should target these at-risk groups in Nigeria.

AUTHOR’S DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/site/ifc . No COIs from the author.
An Observational Study Framework to Assess Breast Cancer Control Policy Needs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Thayumanavan Ethan , Duggan Catherine , Blauvelt Barri M.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Women with breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have worse health outcomes than their counterparts in high-income countries (HICs). Improved outcomes in HICs are attributable to more rigorous breast cancer control policies, implementation of evidence-based guidelines, and greater national investment in health care. In resource-limited settings, identifying the most effective resource-appropriate policies can be a challenge. The proposed study will provide a framework to identify unmet breast cancer policy and infrastructure needs in LMICs and will aid in the prioritization of key elements of successful breast cancer control programs. Building on previous work, we will develop a framework for policy analysis and conduct a breast cancer policy needs assessment through a comparative analysis of attitudes and preferences for breast cancer control elements in 30 countries.

Methods

The proposed observational survey-based study will measure and compare attitudes and preferences for breast cancer control across 24 LMICs and six reference HICs from across the six WHO regions, stratifying countries by health care spending and mortality-to-incidence ratios. This study will be a cross-sectional survey of medical, policy, and advocacy experts in breast cancer from each of the selected countries. Research will be conducted in three phases. First, we will conduct key informant interviews of international breast cancer experts. Then we will develop and pilot a survey tool. Finally, we will conduct the full survey in countries. The study will use analysis of variance, conjoint analysis, and best-worst scaling to analyze survey results.

Results

This study will assess current breast cancer control needs, prioritize elements of a comprehensive breast cancer control plan, and determine attitudes about the potential of emerging technologies to improve breast cancer control.

Conclusion

This study will facilitate the improvement of health outcomes for women with breast cancer by assessing the specific unmet breast cancer policy and infrastructure needs in LMICs and prioritizing elements to improve breast cancer control programs. The study thus provides a resource-appropriate framework to improve breast cancer control policy, reform, and implementation.

AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/site/ifc . Barri M. Blauvelt Stock or Other Ownership: AstraZeneca, Biogen, Celgene, Ecolab, Elite Pharmaceuticals Consulting or Advisory Role: Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis
Porphyria Attack Manifesting as Delayed Emergence and Precipitated by Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Case Report of 2 Novel Observations
Authors: Cai Yi , Renew Johnathan Ross , Ratzlaff Robert
Published: October 2018

Acute porphyria is a group of rare disorders in the biosynthesis pathway of heme that can result in severe neurovisceral attacks leading to morbidity and mortality. Perioperative complications have been largely prevented due to avoidance of precipitants and early treatment of symptoms. However, these measures may not always be successful, because not all physiological stressors can be evaded. This case illustrates a porphyria attack precipitated by prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass that manifested as postoperative delayed emergence, failure to wean from mechanical ventilation, autonomic insufficiency requiring significant vasoactive agents, and, ultimately, failure to thrive. The patient passed after withdrawal of care.
Civic Engagement: A Physician's Perspective
Authors: Beninger Paul
Published: October 2018

Deep currents of cultural change are having an effect on the medical profession, beginning with gradual decreases in membership numbers in county, state, and national organizations that influence education, training, policy making in the health care sector, and political lobbying, and with gradual increases in membership numbers in specialty organizations that provide educational materials and meeting venues for physicians to remain current in their specialties and to develop and maintain professional relationships. Concurrent with the demographic changes, medical professionalism has become a growing movement to organize accepted professional behaviors into ten commitments, two of which, improving access to care and just distribution of finite resources, are consistent with Russell L. Gruen's concept of civic mindedness. There are also increasing numbers of physician-activists who are emphasizing the need for greater civic engagement. Medical institutions have the opportunity to build on these commitments to inculcate strong social skills and civic attitudes and behaviors at all levels of education, training, and medical practice for the betterment of patients and for the greater public health of the community and the country.
Hnrnpab regulates neural cell motility through transcription of Eps8
Authors: Lampasona Alexa A. , Czaplinski Kevin
Published: October 2018

Cell migration requires a complicated network of structural and regulatory proteins. Changes in cellular motility can impact migration as a result of cell-type or developmental stage regulated expression of critical motility genes. Hnrnpab is a conserved RNA-binding protein found as two isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Its expression is enriched in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the rostral migratory stream within the brain, suggesting possible support of the migration of neural progenitor cells in this region. Here we show that the migration of cells from the SVZ of developing Hnrnpab−/− mouse brains is impaired. An RNA-seq analysis to identify Hnrnpab-dependent cell motility genes led us to Eps8, and in agreement with the change in cell motility, we show that Eps8 is decreased in Hnrnpab−/− SVZ tissue. We scrutinized the motility of Hnrnpab−/− cells and confirmed that the decreases in both cell motility and Eps8 are restored by ectopically coexpressing both alternatively spliced Hnrnpab isoforms, therefore these variants are surprisingly nonredundant for cell motility. Our results support a model where both Hnrnpab isoforms work in concert to regulate Eps8 transcription in the mouse SVZ to promote the normal migration of neural cells during CNS development.
ΚΑΛΛΙΤΕΡΑ ΑΞΙΟΠΟΙΗΣΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΔIA ΤΕΧΝΗΤΗΣ ΣΠΕΡΜΑΤΕΓΧΥΣΕΩΣ ΠΑΡΑΓΟΜΕΝΩΝ ΒΕΛΤΙΩΜΕΝΩΝ ΖΩΩΝ ΔΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΟΡΓΑΝΩΣΕΩΣ ΤΩΝ ΖΩΑΓΟΡΩΝ ΜΑΣ
Authors: ΒΛΑΧΟΣ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΣ
Published: October 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΙΣΤΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΑΛΛΑΝΤΩΝ
Authors: ΠΟΛΥΜΕΝΙΔΗΣ ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΟΣ
Published: October 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΕΠΙ ΤΗΣ ΠΑΡΑΣΙΤΙΚΗΣ ΒΡΟΓΧΟΠΝΕΥΜOΝΙΑΣ ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΩΝ
Authors: ΔΟΝΟΣ Α. , ΠΕΡΔΙΚΗΣ Κ.
Published: October 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Η ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΗΣΙΣ «ΤΗΣ ΔΟΚΙΜΑΣΙΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΥΨΗΛΗΣ ΘΕΡΜΟΚΡΑΣΙΑΣ» ΔΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΕΚΤΙΜΗΣΙΝ ΤΗΣ ΜΑΚΡΟΒΙΟΤΗΤΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΣ ΓΟΝΙΜΟΤΗΤΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΣΠΕΡΜΑΤΟΣ ΤΑΥΡΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΚΡΙΟΥ
Authors: ΜΙΝΩΤΑΚΗΣ Κ.
Published: October 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΣΤΕΝΩΣΙΣ ΤΟΥ ΠΥΛΩΡΟΥ ΕΙΣ ΤΟΝ ΚΥΝΑ
Authors: ΒΙΚΕΛΙΔΗΣ ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ Γ. , ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ΦΩΤΙΟΣ
Published: October 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΧΡΟΝΟΣ ΥΠΟΒΟΛΗΣ ΕΙΣ ΣΠΕΡΜΑΤΕΓΧΥΣΙΝ ΤΩΝ ΑΓΕΛΑΔΩΝ ΜΕΤΑ ΤΟΝ ΤΟΚΕΤΟΝ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΣΟΣΤΟΝ ΣΥΛΛΗΨΕΩΣ ΑΥΤΩΝ
Authors: ΒΛΑΧΟΣ Κ. , ΠΑΣΧΑΛΕΡΗ ΕΥΠΡ.
Published: October 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΤΡΙΧΟΣΤΡΟΓΓΥΛΙΑΣΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΤΥΦΛΩΝ ΕΝΤΕΡΩΝ ΙΝΔΙΑΝΟΥ ΕΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΙ
Authors: ΧΕΙΜΩΝΑΣ Χ. , ΠΑΡΙΣΗΣ Ε.
Published: October 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΙΣ ΚΑΙΣΑΡΙΚΗΣ ΤΟΜΗΣ ΕΙΣ ΟΝΟΝ
Authors: ΓΡΗΓΟΡΙΑΔΗΣ Β.
Published: October 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Η ΛΟΙΜΩΔΗΣ ΛΑΡΥΓΓΟΤΡΑΧΕΪΤΙΣ ΕΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΙ Ι.- ΠΡΩΤΗ ΑΠΟΜΟΝΩΣΙΣ ΤΟΥ ΙΟΥ
Authors: ΚΑΡΒΟΥΝΑΡΗΣ Π. , ΜΕΝΑΣΕ Ι. , ΒΕΪΜΟΣ Γ. , ΣΕΪΜΕΝΗΣ Α. , ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Α. , ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Χ.
Published: October 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΕΡΕΥΝΑ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΣ ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΜΑΓΝΗΤΟΚΛΩΒΩΝ ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ ΣΥΝΤΗΡΗΤΙΚΗΝ ΘΕΡΑΠΕΙΑΝ ΤΗΣ ΤΡΑΥΜΑΤΙΚΗΣ ΓΑΣΤΡΙΤΙΔΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΒΟΟΕΙΔΩΝ
Authors: ΒΛΑΧΟΣ ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΣ
Published: October 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΕΠΙ ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΕΩΣ ΓΑΓΓΡΑΙΝΩΔΟΥΣ ΜΑΣΤΙΤΙΔΟΣ ΕΙΣ ΑΓΕΛΑΔΑ
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Κ.
Published: October 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Η ΧΡΟΝΙΑ ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟΒΑΘΜΙΟΣ ΜΗΤΡΙΤΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΑΓΕΛΑΔΩΝ ΚΑΙ Η ΝΕΑ ΘΕΡΑΠΕΥΤΙΚΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΓΩΓΗ
Authors: ΤΣΑΜΗΣ Κ. Α.
Published: October 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΔΟΚΙΜΑΙ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΥ ΤΗΣ ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΟΣ TΩN ΑΝΤΙΑΦΘΩΔΙΚΩΝ ΕΜΒΟΛΙΩΝ ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΠΡΟΣΔΙΟΡΙΣΜΟΥ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΕΥΤΙΚΗΣ ΔΟΣΕΩΣ 50% (Π.Δ.50) ΕΙΣ ΤΟΝ ΙΝΔΟΧΟΙΡΟΝ
Authors: ΠΑΠΠΟΥΣ Χ. , ΜΠΡΟΒΑΣ Δ. , ΣΤΟΥΡΑΪΤΗΣ Π. , ΚΑΡΑΒΑΛΑΚΗΣ Ι. , ΚΑΡΔΑΣΗΣ Ι.
Published: October 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΕΡΕΥΝΑΙ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΣ ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΗΣΕΩΣ ΤΟΥ ΜΕΤΑΛΛΙΚΟΥ ΥΔΑΤΟΣ (ΑΕΡΙΟΥΧΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΜΗ) ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΗΝ ΤΩΝ ΑΡΑΙΩΤΙΚΩΝ ΥΓΡΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΣΠΕΡΜΑΤΟΣ ΤΑΥΡΟΥ
Authors: ΕΥΣΤΑΘΙΟΥ ΛΟΥΚΑΣ
Published: October 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Diagnostic approach of anemia in ruminants
Authors: KATSOGIANNOU E. G. , ATHANASIOU L. V. , CHRISTODOULOPOULOS G. , POLIZOPOULOU Z. S.
Published: October 2018

Anemia in ruminants is an abnormal condition characterized by the decrease of the hematocrit (Packed Cell Volume, PCV), the mass of erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells, RBCs) and/or hemoglobin. Anemia is classified as hemolytic, hemorrhagic or anemia caused by the decreased production of erythrocytes; the first two categories are characterized by a regenerative response. Hemorrhagic anemia can be caused by ectoparasites or parasites of the gastrointestinal system, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome, abomasal ulcers, vena cava thrombosis as well as from the genitourinary tract. In addition, primary and secondary hemostatic disorders can be accompanied by hemorrhagic anemia. Hemoparasites, toxins produced from Clostridium perfringens type D and Clostridium hemolyticum and leptospirosis are some of the causes of hemolytic anemia. Furthermore, certain plants, drugs or heavy metals and lack of certain trace elements can cause hemolysis. Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia has also been reported in ruminants. The reduced production of erythrocytes can be caused by deficiency of vitamin B12 or iron, as well as by chronic diseases. Pathologic conditions of bone marrow like inflammatory or neoplastic cells filtration and hypoplasia or aplasia of bone marrow are related to reduced production of erythrocytes. After laboratory confirmation by complete blood count analysis, history taking, clinical examination of the animal and specific test depending on the case, are required for the diagnostic approach of anemia and especially for etiological diagnosis. Tachycardia, tachypnea, icterus, mucosal pallor as well as specific symptoms of the underlying disease are observed during the clinical examination of the animal. FAMACHA technique is widely used for the clinical diagnosis and the assessment of the severity of anemia. With respect to complete blood count, apart from the hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocytes indices as Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) are contributing to the classification of anemia. The size and the shape of the erythrocytes, the appearance of inclusions and reticulocytes, which are indicative of regenerative anemia, are evaluated in blood smear. Rarely, examination of bone marrow is carried out, for the differentiation of anemia as regenerative or non-regenerative. In particular, the confirmation of immune- mediate anemia is based on Coomb’s test for the detection of autoagglutination. Except from hemorrhage, blood loss is detected at urinalysis or feces microscopy for the presence of blood and/or parasites. Finally, serological and molecular techniques for the detection of infectious agents, as well as specific toxicological analysis are performed in various biological materials.
Comparative examination of the serological response to bluetongue virus in diseased ruminants by competitive and double recognition enzime-linked immunosorbent assays
Authors: GAVRILOVIĆ A. , GAVRILOVIĆ P. , RADOJIČIĆ S. , KRNJAIĆ D.
Published: October 2018

Bluetongue (BT) is a viral non-contagious disease of ruminants which is transmitted by insects of the genus Culicoides. In recent years, BT has been a serious threat to livestock and to the economies of European countries. In Serbia the disease appeared for the first time in 2001, and after a 12 year period of freedom, it broke out again in 2014. Considering the actuality of this infectious disease, especially the need for prompt and rapid diagnostics, the aim of this paper was to determine the possibility of detecting the serological response in sheep and cattle with manifested clinical signs of the disease using two different methods: double recognition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). A total of 105 blood serum samples of cattle and sheep, which had exhibited clinical signs of BT during 2014, were taken for examination from a serum bank. Out of 74 blood serum samples of sheep and 31 blood serum samples of cattle, 52 samples of sheep and 18 samples of cattle tested positive using sELISA, while 50 samples of sheep and 18 samples of cattle gave positive reactions with cELISA. The results confirm the high sensitivity of sELISA which detected 4% more seropositive sheep in comparison with cELISA. Using Cohen’s kappa statistical analysis, almost perfect agreement was determined between the results (k>0,81) obtained by cELISA and sELISA.
Monitoring research of somatic cells count in goat milk in the eastern region of Ukraine
Authors: FOTINA T. I. , FOTINA H. A. , LADYKA V. I. , LADYKA L. M. , ZAZHARSKA N. M.
Published: October 2018

The aim of research was to analyze the contents of somatic cells (SC) in goat milk in the East of Ukraine, level of SC translocation in the process of milking, speed of SC evacuation in their secret, to conduct monitoring and ranging on the level of SC goat milk of herds in the Eastern region during 2015 seasonally. Somatic cell count was studied on a large number of animals in different zones of the East of Ukraine (1800 milk samples). Somatic cell count in goat milk of the Eastern region of Ukraine appears up to 800×10³ cells/ml at 65-71% of studied milk samples by the method of laser-running cytometry with the account of only those cells having DNA in the nucleus. While analyze of SC subpopulations in goat milk it is shown that at increase to 2 million cells/ml and more the concentration of neutrophils and lymphocytes does not change and the number of macrophages and eosinophils (р≤0,05) rises from 1,5 to 4 times accordingly. It is marked that SC contents in goat milk in the morning and evening yield of milk is different. In evening yield of milk, the somatic cell count is up to 30 % higher than in the morning one. A clear pattern of distribution of somatic cells in milk portions during milking was not detected. Average sample of yield is required to determine the somatic cell count in the milk of goats. Six of the eight goats over six months of lactation were given milk with a fairly constant somatic cell count. Low and fairly constant somatic cells content (15 to 63 × 103 cells / ml) is observed in the milk of primiparous goats.
First report of granulosa cell tumour associated with an endometrial adenoma in a crossbreed cow in Portugal
Authors: MOURA D. , GARCÍA-DÍEZ J. , SARAIVA C. , PIRES M. A.
Published: October 2018

A 12.5 year-old female crossbred cow without clinical signs at ante mortem inspection was slaughtered. The post-mortem inspection revealed poor carcass condition, interstitial nephritis and generalized lymphadenitis. The reproductive tract presented an unilateral and highly vascularized yellowish-white mass, with huge dimensions (60 x 40 cm and 20 Kg, approximately) described as granulosa cell tumour (GCT) and a endometrial adenoma, after histopathological analysis. GCT has been described as the most frequent ovarian tumour in cattle. Since clinical signs are usually unspecific, the post mortem diagnosis by histopathology examination is always necessary. The endometrial adenoma could be asymptomatic, with only absence of calving, or associated with GCT. This is, of our knowledge, the first report of a GCT associated with endometrial adenoma in a cow in Portugal.
Multilevel analysis concerning the relationship between social vulnerability and the healthy use of leisure time in children and adolescents in Argentina: A national population-based study
Authors: Moyano Daniela , Forclaz Zarina , Chaparro Raúl M. , Hernández-Vásquez Akram , Perovic Nilda R.
Published: October 2018

Background: Leisure time is a human right and has to be considered part of any health promotion initiative aimed at children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between social vulnerability and the healthy use of leisure time in children and adolescents in urban contexts of Argentina, in 2012.

Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study using data from the Module on Activities of Girls, Boys and Adolescents of the Annual Urban Household Survey was carried out. In this survey, a self-administered instrument was applied to 25,915 individuals aged from 5 to 17. A Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was developed. Association was estimated by multilevel logistic regression.

Results: Children and adolescents use most of their leisure time to carry out school activities (90.1%) with art activities having the lowest percentage (21.8%). In the multilevel models on the relationship between a high SVI and non-performance of socialization activities, the OR was 1.99 (p = 0.002, 95% CI: 1.28-3.12). The association between high SVI and non-use of ICT gave an OR of 14.17 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 5.13-39.17), and between high SVI and non-use of internet, an OR of 21.89 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 7.50-63.88).

Conclusions: A high SVI negatively impacts on some healthy activities of leisure time for children and adolescents in Argentina. The SVI could be a useful tool to guide health promotion initiatives in this population.
Identifying the challenges in implementing open science
Authors: Ali-Khan Sarah E. , Jean Antoine , Gold E. Richard
Published: October 2018

Areas of open science (OS) policy and practice are already relatively well-advanced in several countries and sectors through the initiatives of some governments, funders, philanthropy, researchers and the community. Nevertheless, the current research and innovation system, including in the focus of this report, the life sciences, remains weighted against OS.

In October 2017, thought-leaders from across the world gathered at an Open Science Leadership Forum in the Washington DC office of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to share their views on what successful OS looks like. We focused on OS partnerships as this is an emerging model that aims to accelerate science and innovation. These outcomes are captured in a first meeting report: Defining Success in Open Science.

On several occasions, these conversations turned to the challenges that must be addressed and new policies required to effectively and sustainably advance OS practice. Thereupon, in this report, we describe the concerns raised and what is needed to address them supplemented by our review of the literature, and suggest the stakeholder groups that may be best placed to begin to take action. It emerges that to be successful, OS will require the active engagement of all stakeholders: while the research community must develop research questions, identify partners and networks, policy communities need to create an environment that is supportive of experimentation by removing barriers.

This report aims to contribute to ongoing discussions about OS and its implementation. It is also part of a step-wise process to develop and mobilize a toolkit of quantitative and qualitative indicators to assist global stakeholders in implementing high value OS collaborations. Currently in co-development through an open and international process, this set of measures will allow the generation of needed evidence on the influence of OS partnerships on research, innovation, and critical social and economic goals.
Dementia to become leading cause of death
Authors: Learner Sue
Published: October 2018

A new report from Public Health England shows the main causes of morbidity and death, with dementia on the rise. More needs to be done to prepare the NHS for the challenges ahead.
The combination of Acalypha indica–Centella asiatica extracts decreases the neuronal damage in hypoxia-induced hippocampal injury animal model
Authors: Farida Siti , Krisnamurti Desak G.B. , Mudjihartini Ninik , Purwaningsih Erni H. , Sianipar Imelda M. , Lisnawati Lisnawati
Published: October 2018

Background: Approximately 80–85% of strokes are ischemic and lead to alterations in neuronal cell morphology and cell death. There is a lack of studies on the effect of the combination of Acalypha indica L. (AI) and Centella asiatica L. (CA) in terms of its neurotherapy property. This study was conducted to investigate the neurotherapeutic effect of the combination of AI–CA extracts in improving rat’s hippocampal neuron injury post-hypoxia.Methods: A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were categorized into six groups and placed in a hypoxia chamber for 7 consecutive days. Then, they were moved to normoxia cages and treated for 7 consecutive days as follows: control group without treatment as a negative control; treatment groups were administered citicoline 50 mg/kgBW as a positive control; three different dose combinations of AI150–CA150, AI200–CA150, and AI250–CA150 mg/kgBW, respectively. Histological analyses were performed to assess the improvement in nerve cell damage in the hippocampus.Results: Treatment with citicoline significantly decreased the damage of nerve cells (30.8%); the combination of the AI–CA extracts of AI150–CA150, AI200–CA150, and AI250–CA150 also significantly decreased the damage of nerve cells (36%, 36.4%, and 30.4%, respectively) compared to the control rats (15.4%).Conclusion: The combination of AI–CA extracts decreased the neuronal damage in the hypoxia-induced hippocampal injury animal model. The improvement effect of the combination of AI–CA extracts was not significantly different to citicoline.
The low prevalence of colonic serrated adenocarcinoma with high KRAS mutational status at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Rahadiani Nur , Handjari Diah R. , Stephanie Marini , Krisnuhoni Ening
Published: October 2018

Background: Serrated adenocarcinoma (SA), a subtype of colorectal carcinoma, and the KRAS mutation, a strong marker for the patient’s response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy, have a clinical importance because of its progressive nature and tendency for chemoresistance. The purposes of this study were to (1) determine the prevalence of SA, (2) evaluate the histomorphological characteristics of SA and classical adenocarcinoma based on its prognostic factors, (3) determine the prevalence of the KRAS mutation in SA cases, and (4) identify the main characteristics of SA cases and classical adenocarcinoma with a KRAS mutation.Methods: This study was conducted by reviewing hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cases from January 2013 to July 2015 at the Department of Anatomical Pathology Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. The final diagnosis of SA was based on the Tuppurainen et al criteria and the KRAS mutation was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Among the 117 adenocarcinoma cases, there were 41 unequivocal SA, 11 equivocal SA, and 65 classical adenocarcinoma. The prevalence rates of unequivocal and equivocal SA among all CRC cases were 7.7% and 2.1%, respectively. There were 11 (28.2%) cases of wild-type KRAS and 28 (71.7%) cases of mutated KRAS among all unequivocal SA cases. Tumor budding (TB) was the predominant prognostic factor.Conclusion: The prevalence of SA among all CRC cases was 7.7%. The KRAS mutation was found in almost three-quarters of all SA cases.
Serum Folate Forms Are Stable during Repeated Analysis in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid and during Frozen Sample Storage
Authors: Paladugula Neelima , Fazili Zia , Sternberg Maya R , Gabey Gwendolyn , Pfeiffer Christine M
Published: October 2018

Background

Serum folate forms, and particularly tetrahydrofolate, are sensitive to oxidation.

Methods

Using a repeated measures design, we investigated the stability of folate forms in convenience samples with added ascorbic acid (AA; 5 g/L) analyzed initially and after variable (approximately 1–33 weeks) storage time at −70 °C. We examined the recovery of tetrahydrofolate added at different spiking levels to serum with and without AA (5 g/L). We also assessed the long-term frozen storage stability of folate forms.

Results

Repeat analysis produced consistent results with the initial analysis; the mean relative change (95% CI; Lin's concordance correlation between initial and repeat result; sample size) was 0.08% (−0.24% to 0.39%; r  c = 0.999; n = 301) for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, 4.23% (2.44%–6.05%; r  c = 0.984; n = 211) for pyrazino-s-triazine derivative of 4α-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (MeFox), −0.22% (−1.90% to 1.49%; r  c = 0.986; n = 214) for folic acid, and 1.49% (−2.71% to 5.88%; r  c = 0.889; n = 81) for tetrahydrofolate. Linear regression testing for a time trend indicated an estimated average percent change of less than ±5% for samples retested after 4 months: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate P  trend = 0.0007, folic acid P  trend < 0.0001, MeFox P  trend = 0.38, and tetrahydrofolate P  trend = 0.0256. The mean ± SD tetrahydrofolate spiking recovery was 96.7% ± 9.4% for serum with added AA, but <50% for serum without added AA. We observed ≤10% loss for most serum folate forms during 4 years of storage at −70 °C.

Conclusions

Serum containing added AA showed acceptable stability of folate forms during repeat analysis from the same vial within 4 months, complete spiking recovery of tetrahydrofolate during sample processing, and long-term frozen storage stability of folate forms.
Street style, smelling and hanging out: Experimental methods of fashion research
Authors: Crepax Rosa
Published: October 2018

Feminist research of fashion, which is committed to understanding women’s experience with style in all its multiplicity and richness, is open to a variety of new interdisciplinary perspectives. Mirroring the open-ended nature of the contemporary world and the vivacious and fast-paced quality of the fashion scene, creative, experimental and innovative methods of sociocultural research represent a crucial attempt in capturing the diversity, variety and exceptionality of feminine fashion. This article discusses a methodologically innovative case study conducted for my research. It reflects on the feminist approach used in the creative experimental exploration of women’s experiences with fashion in everyday life, and on the contextual value of combining uncommon methods of inquiry such as street-style photography, hanging out, sketching and the collection of olfactory perceptions. Discussing how this experimental methodology goes beyond both traditional interviews and ethnography, the article draws attention to a series of questions that arise from its development and application: how does the emergence of innovative methods of fashion research respond to contemporary changes in the fashion industry? How are these methods influenced by the current fashion scene? How are they able to account for it? What are the implications of their relationship in terms of feminist research practice?
DKNY – city connection: The impact of New York City on the brand and the designer
Authors: Odabaşi Sanem
Published: October 2018

Countries and cities are influential in the formation of brands and the identity of designers, as well as being areas that shape creative thinking. The relationships that fashion designers have with their geographies influence and differentiate their creative power and production.

New York, Tokyo, London, Milan and Paris are renowned as the five ‘fashion capitals’, and all are known for their distinct fashion style. Paris, for instance, is defined through its haute couture while London is associated with avant-gardism and quirkiness and ‘New York’ often signifies casual ready-towear designs for the urban businesswoman (Loschek 2009; Rocamora 2009). The nature of a place affects what products can actually proliferate, and since places do differ from one another, so too do the products differ depending on where they are produced (Molotch 2003: 157).

Donna Karan, a New York-based ready-to-wear designer, conveys a certain imaginary related to New York culture, both in her brand and in her designs, and often draws on the city’s unique features in her work. Here, the cultural values and content related to New York City that Donna Karan builds into her work are explored.
‘Her heart knows my heart for a brief moment’: Mediated affect and utopian impulse in Many Moons (2011) by Alice Birch
Authors: Escoda Clara
Published: October 2018

This article reads Many Moons (2011), by British playwright Alice Birch, from the point of view of the ‘affective turn’ that has recently taken place in the humanities and social sciences. While acknowledging recent critiques on affect theory, this article considers its political potential and analyses two of the stratgies through which Many Moons seeks to interrupt the ‘mediated affect[s]’ of consumer capitalist societies. These strategies, which can be considered ‘utopian performatives’, take the form of moments of ‘radical naivety’on the part of the characters, and of the dramatization of a face-to-face encounter between two characters: Meg and Robert. The article finally explores the extent to which these strategies seek to invite spectators to break with the dominant ‘distribution of the sensible’, ultimately contributing to create ‘a new affective topology of the possible’.
Hearing silence in Dylan Tighe’s Record: Madness, autobiographical performance and the ethical encounter
Authors: Venn Jon
Published: October 2018

This article addresses the possibility of an ethical encounter in autobiographical performance concerning madness. Using previous work on autobiographical performance and the ethical thought of Emmanuel Levinas, it specifically analyses Dylan Tighe’s RECORD, an autobiographical work detailing Tighe’s experience with Ireland’s psychiatric system. It interrogates the relationship between the political and ethical in terms of madness. It argues against the notion that an ethical encounter develops automatically through the presence of the performer. Instead, it suggests such an encounter is inculcated through the particular aesthetic and political structure of the performance. The article analyses how RECORD uses and positions multiple forms of silence against one another to achieve such an effect. It notes how through the silence of RECORD, aesthetic interpretation of Tighe becomes ethically loaded.
Spontaneous memories as raw material for short film art
Authors: Haaning Jens
Published: October 2018

What is important when transforming childhood memories into storytelling? The details. And resisting the temptation to place plot over detail. Through poetic rather than narrative plotting, Avondale Dogs demonstrates how to preserve the authenticity and spontaneity of a childhood memory. And that is when short films are turned into art.
THE POTENTIALLY TOXIC BENTHIC DINOFLAGELLATES ON MACROALGAE AT THE REEF FLAT OF SERIBU ISLANDS, NORTH JAKARTA - INDONESIA
Authors: Widiarti Riani , Murtiningsih - , Suwarti - , Mutaqin Ahmad , Kurnia Gud Elina
Published: October 2018

The Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) causing microorganisms were observed at the reef flat of Penjaliran Barat Islands and Pramuka Islands District, Seribu Island National Park, North Jakarta, Indonesia. Of the samples collected, four potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellates species were found, which are Gambierdiscus toxicus, Prorocentrum concavum, Prorocentrum lima, and Ostreopsis lenticularis. The dinoflagellates were found attached on the brown macroalgae Padina and Sargassum. Most of the benthic dinoflagellates from both locations were found in Pramuka Islands District, the inhabitated islands where human activities which could damage the coral reef areas were relatively high. Beside the macroalgae substrate preference of each dinoflagellate species, several environmental factors were also obtained in this research.
CONCENTRATION AND FLUX OF ATMOSPHERIC SURFACTANTS FROM COASTAL WATERS
Authors: Latif Mohd Talib , Mohamad Che Abdul Rahim , Ali Masni Mohd , Othman Mohamed Rozali , Ramli Nor Izanin , Hanif Norfazrin Mohd
Published: October 2018

This study tries to determine the concentration of sea surface microlayer from different coastal environments (Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan and Perhentian Island, Terengganu). The concentration of surfactants in both sea surface microlayer and atmospheric aerosols were analysed by using colorimetric method as methylene blue active substances (MBAS) and diethyl violet active substances (DBAS). The results indicated that the concentration of surfactants as MBAS (0.421 +/- 0.040 imol l-1) and DBAS (0.294 +/- 0. 123 imol l-1) were still at the natural concentration level. The flux of surfactants from sea surface microlayer is expected around 2.3 Mmol yr-1 compared to the amount of 1300 Mmol yr-1 surfactants in atmospheric aerosols around marine ecosystem.
INFLUENCE OF STRONG MONSOON-DOMINATED CLIMATE ON BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF THE HEAVILY ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTED BRANTAS RIVER ESTUARIES AND MADURA STRAIT COASTAL WATER, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Nugrahadi M.S.
Published: October 2018

Brantas River basin and Madura Strait in East Java Indonesia, are subject to heavily change in land use and land cover, and Brantas River Basin is a very important densely populated area in East Java, Indonesia for agriculture, industry as well as for settlement. The aim of the research is to elucidate the fate of transformation of bio-elements (organic carbon, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Silicate (Si)) and its seasonal variability. The contrast river discharge combined with tide generates the distinctive mixing zone during rainy and dry season. Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) and Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus (DIP) concentrations in the river are high and decrease to the very low value seaward. N:P ratio has seasonal variation due to large discrepancy of DIN and DIP supply from land to the sea. Dissolved Inorganic Silicate (DSi) in river and estuaries is extremely higher than the average in the world (> 150 mM). Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in dry season in the coastal water is higher than the rainy season. Due to high Total Suspended Matter (TSM), the primary production is limited by the light in the coastal water.
NEW RECORD OF INDONESIAN PIGFISH, BODIANUS IZUENSIS ARAGA AND YOSHINO, 1975, AND B. MASUDAI ARAGA AND YOSHINO, 1975 (PERCIFORMES: LABRIDAE), FROM NORTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA
Authors: Peristiwady Teguh
Published: October 2018

One specimen of Bodianus izuensis Araga and Yoshino, 1975, and three specimens of B. masudai Araga and Yoshino, 1975, were obtained from fish markets in Bitung and Kema, Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, between Marchâ€“July 2009. The specimens were caught from depths of about 20â€“30 m at coral reef ecosystem around Lembeh Island and Kema. This is the first record of these species in Indonesian waters. Morphological features, diagnostic characters, and distribution are discussed and illustrated, and color photographs of the species are presented.