bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Türkiye'de Dindarlığın Yaygın Görünümlerinden Biri Olarak Cemaat Dindarlığı
Authors: Aslan Turan Esra
Published: September 2023

In this study, the characteristics of the communal type of religiosity, one of the common aspects of religiosity in Turkey, are discussed. As religion affects social life, social living conditions also shape religious views and understandings. Various forms of religious cooperation arise where religion forms a spiritual and mental bond for a particular community. One of the essential aspects of religious life and cooperation in Turkey is religious communities. Although religious communities represent a certain religious discourse and way of life, they are sociologically integrated structures with each other, consisting of economic, political, educational, legal, socializing and productive sub-functional systems. Those who belong to the religious community first experience a sense of neighborliness that gives them the feeling of being attached to a piece of land on which they settle. Secondly, religious communities give their members a sense of unity and awareness of community connection. The purpose of community consists of the importance of being us as well as the sense of role-playing and, of course, the sense of belonging. Socialization processes have an important role in forming this attitude. At the same time the community becomes the symbol of partnerships in various areas of life and creates a unique religiosity model. Understanding the communal type religiosity model and analyzing its unique elements will be an essential effort to understand the religious life in Turkey and show the possibilities of recognizing the dynamics of religious groupings. Our study aims to reveal how various groups in Turkiye that stand out with their religious identities create a type of religiosity. The characteristics of the communal type of religiosity will be evaluated through qualitative studies on the subject and theoretical approaches to religious groups. While communal religiosity unites the group’s adherents through a certain religious discourse and way of life, it also becomes an opportunity for secularization for them. Although group partnerships in religious communities come to the fore around certain religious discourses and goals, one of the important functions of these communities is to create a common service and goods exchange center for their members in all areas of life. In addition, religious communities function as units of friendship and solidarity. They serve as a religious identity for their adherents, who help their adherents in vital matters such as finding work, food and a spouse, and who come together with their regular conversations.
1953-2012 Yılları Arasında ‘Türk Dili’ Dergisinde Yayımlanan Ali Şir Nevâyî Konulu Yazıların İncelenmesi
Authors: Arslan Meryem Cemile
Published: September 2023

Regarding literature history, periodicals have an essential place in our cultural life. Periodicals, which are the places where historical, literary, and intellectual activities arise and grow or are followed, and public opinion is formed, are the most important reference sources for the next generations as well as providing detailed information about the cultures of nations. One is Türk Dili (Turkish Language - ISSN 1300-2155), a monthly language and literature journal published since October 1951 by the Turkish Language Institution, Turkey's leading scientific and cultural institution. The journal publishes essays, poems, stories, criticism, and similar literary products, scientific or popular articles dealing with the current problems of Turkish and Turkish literature and translations. In our study, the studies published on ʿAlī Shīr Navāʾī, which were transferred to the Periodicals Database of the journal and made available for access, were scanned. Navāʾī is a poet who is recognized as a unique poet in world literature for the degree of his art, his services to the development of national literature, his numerous works, and his significant influence on the life of society and nation as a statesman. The purpose and importance of this study are to investigate and determine the extent to which the journal Türk Dili, which is a well-established publication of a well-established state institution, gives space to Navāʾī, the famous Turkish sage, who is remembered with respect and admiration by the poets in the Anatolian field, whose poems are written in verse and who is recognized as the person who has rendered the most outstanding service to the Turkish language after Kashgarlı Mahmut. The breakdown of the texts scanned from the studies published on Navāʾī in the Periodicals Database of the journal is shown chronologically in a table. In addition, these texts were categorized by content analysis method. The study concluded that the journal, which continues to be published, has given wide coverage to Nevâyî since its establishment, published a special issue for the poet, and emphasized the poet in the articles accessed from the Periodicals Database (1953-2012). However, it is thought that Navāʾī, about whom memorial meetings are organized in many European countries and whose corpus is published in various languages, should be given more attention in Turkey. Considering the place/impact of Navāʾī, the fifteenth-century classical period poet of Chagatai literature, in Turkish language and literature, it is understood that these works and activities are essential but insufficient. According to our current knowledge, no research is aimed at analyzing the studies on Navāʾī in any periodical publication. It is hoped that this first research, thought to contribute to the field, will pioneer in enriching different periodicals.
Nur Vergin’in Din Sosyolojisi
Authors: Yılmaz Hurşit
Published: September 2023

Nur Vergin has left an important legacy of thought on behalf of the social sciences literature of our country with her works based on her academic and intellectual background. A rough overview of the content of this legacy reveals a wide range of ideas produced under the headings of politics-religion relationship, urbanization and political attitudes, social change and family, civil society, secularism, political system debates, etc. Vergin's ideas in the field of sociology of politics and religion are particularly prominent aspects of this legacy. Analyzing Vergin's legacy from different perspectives in various areas of sociology will provide essential gains for the social sciences literature of our country. In this respect, the subject of this study is Vergin's ideas in the sociology of religion. The main problem of the study can be summarized with the following question: "What are Nur Vergin's thoughts on the relationship between religion, politics, and society, and what is the place of these thoughts in the Turkish sociological tradition?". My study aims to address the ideas on the relationship between religion, politics, and society in Vergin's works from the perspective of the sociology of religion and to pave the way for new studies and discussions on her works. The importance of the study is that it will be a pioneering work in this field due to the limited number of studies on Nur Vergin's works and will pave the way for new discussions on his thoughts. A qualitative research method was used in this study. Therefore, qualitative data collection techniques were utilized. The data obtained were analyzed and evaluated descriptively and in terms of content. First, Vergin's life, works, cultural and intellectual background, social science understanding, and methodology are discussed. Afterward, the studies produced by Vergin within the scope of the sociology of religion were analyzed. With this study, it is understood that Nur Vergin aims to analyze social phenomena at the macro level by following the course of historical change within historical integrity and without ignoring the relationality between them. In this respect, it has been observed that Vergin analyzes issues such as secularism, Alevism, the relationship between religion and social change, etc., which are the subjects of her sociology of religion studies, with a long-term approach, in the plan of historical continuity and parallel with the verstéhenian tradition. In this respect, Vergin's approach to the phenomenon of religion is within the framework of the new axis, which constitutes an alternative to the evolutionary positivist approach, which was the dominant paradigm in the Turkish sociological tradition in the 1970s and 80s, and which manifested itself in names such as Şerif Mardin and Nilüfer Göle.
* This paper is based on the master's thesis study titled "Nur Vergin's Sociology of Religion" conducted under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Celaleddin Çelik at Erciyes University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology of Religion.
Nûreddin es-Sâbûnî’nin Peygamberlerin İsmeti Konusuna Yaklaşımı
Authors: Doğan Hacı İsmail
Published: September 2023

The region of Maverānannehir is a geography inhabited by scholars who made significant contributions to shaping the Islamic thought system. Māturīdīism originated in this region, one of the two theological schools accepted among Muslims today. One of the essential representatives of the Hanafī-Māturīdī understanding of theology in the area in the 6th century Hijri was Nūr al-dīn al-Sābūnī, who was a respected scholar in his time. Al-Sābūnī was a well-equipped theologian whose views were respected by the people of the region on matters of theology and who debated with Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, one of the most influential theologians of the period. He endeavored to solve the theological problems of his time, wrote works to facilitate the public understanding of the principles of Islamic belief, and especially emphasized the issue of the infallibility of Prophets (ismat al-anbiya). This study investigated the reasons for al-Sabūnī's emphasis on the view of the Infallibility (ismat) and his opinion on the infallibility of Prophets. How al-Sābūnī understood the issue of infallibility of Prophets provided essential data on the constants and changes (if any) in the understanding of ismat in the Māturīdī theological system. On the other hand, it provided us with reference sources for the historical origins of the belief that prophets are sinless. By revealing al-Sabūnī's opinions on the prophets' ismat, the point of view in ismat in the Hanafī-Māturīdī theological system as of the 6th century has been revealed, and some clues about the historical background of the current situation have been obtained. In the study, the sources were accessed through literature review, one of the leading social sciences research methods; a critical perspective was maintained while evaluating his views, and descriptive language was used while composing the text.  At the end of the study, it was seen that al-Sābūnī was a respected Hanafī-Māturīdī theologian of his time and took Māturīdī's views as his primary reference. It was observed that al-Māturīdī's meticulousness in referencing the theological sources and his mastery of rational deductions were sometimes lost in al-Sābūnī due to the Sufi sources he was fed by. Although he had the same opinion as the Hanafī-Māturīdī school on issues such as belief in prophets, the necessity of prophethood, and the attributes of prophets, he differed from the tradition he belonged to in terms of his understanding of ismat and accepted that some prophets committed "mistakes".
* This study is based on our ongoing doctoral dissertation titled "The Comparison of Abū Mansūr al-Māturīdī and Nūr al-Dīn al-Sābūnī's Understanding of Prophethood" (Ph.D. Dissertation, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 2023).
Leone Caetani’nin Hz. Peygamber’in Zeynep bint Cahş ile Evliliği Hakkındaki Görüşleri
Authors: Önder Arpa Zeynep Betül
Published: September 2023

Orientalism studies, which have been given importance in the Western world since the last quarter of the 18th century, were considered important in Italy as well as in the whole West. After the translation of Annali Dell'Islām by one of the most important representatives of Italian orientalism, Leone Caetani's with the name of Islamic History by Hüseyin Cahid Yalçın, this work became well-known in Turkiye and made an impact in scientific circles. So much that this translated work caused outrage in the public opinion of the Republic of Turkiye. Leone Caetani has significantly benefited from the sources of Islamic history in his work that he created over many years. Sometimes he remained faithful to the traditional Islamic understanding of history, but sometimes he tried to enrich his expressions with fiction that did not reflect the facts. However, while doing this, he also used disrespectful expressions towards the Prophet. He put forward many wrong views about the life of the Prophet. Some of them are about the family life and marriages of the Prophet of Islam. Along with these determinations, the main aim of our study is to determine the issues that the Italian orientalist Caetani discussed the marriage of the Prophet with Zaynab bint Jahsh, to examine their correspondence and accuracy in Islamic historical sources, and to identify the points where Caetani contradicted himself. As a matter of fact, the issue of the Prophet's marriage with Zaynab has remarkable aspects, and Orientalists also emphasize this issue. While doing this, we briefly touched upon the evaluations of Leone Caetani in his study, which is the primary source of our work, about the Prophet's wives and marriages. In the continuation, in the main body of our notification, we have included the rumors and evaluations in Caetani’s work about Propet’s marriage with Zaynab. We examined whether these narratives have equivalents in the main sources of Islamic history and made analyzes, criticisms, and evaluations over his narrations. We consulted the works of Ibn Hishām, al-Ṭabarī, and al-Wāqidī, whom Caetani referred to as sources. As a result, in this voluminous work of Caetani, which was prepared as a result of years of hard work, it can be seen that he could not maintain objectivity in his statements about Muḥammad’s marriage with Zaynab, it is understood that he made insulting accusations against Muḥammad on this subject and produced stories that were the product of his own imagination. As a matter of fact, the fact that he reduced this marriage, which had important consequences in terms of Islamic family law, to simple and human interests, shows that Caetani acted with prejudice in this regard.
Türk Adli Destek Sisteminde Mağdur Çocuklar İçin Manevi Danışmanlığın İmkânı
Authors: Ferah Nimet
Published: September 2023

In judicial processes, giving value to and providing support for the victim is a new understanding. With the acceptance of child protection laws and the implementation of the judicial support system in our country, the protection and rehabilitation of children are ensured by laws. The measures to be applied for children and the procedures for adjudication are determined by laws. Cases involving children can be categorized into two main groups: civil and criminal proceedings, which can vary significantly from divorce to guardianship, from ordinary crimes to severe offenses like abuse. Additionally, children can be involved in judicial processes as victims, plaintiffs, witnesses, or offenders. To support children in these processes, judicial support specialists are assigned to accompany and assist them. This is because the judicial process can be traumatic and cause secondary trauma for children. This paper will question the feasibility of providing spiritual counseling within the scope of help activities designed and envisaged for children in the victim position during the judicial process, rather than focusing on child adjudication procedures. Spirituality is a concept that individuals may need at any time and is known to be an internal resource that provides strength during difficult times. The attitudes and competencies of judicial support specialists are important regarding spiritual counseling, but the feasibility of spiritual counseling within the legal framework points to a structural issue. Indeed, this subject has academic, public, and practical dimensions. In the academic dimension, field research and theoretical and practical aspects highlight scientific knowledge, while in the public dimension, legal and institutional regulations ensure the implementation and effectiveness of services for victimized children. In practice, there are both public and academic practices. In this study, by using the documentation method, laws, regulations, and legislation related to the judicial support system were examined, and the feasibility of spiritual counseling for victimized children within the judicial support system was analyzed. As a result, even though there is no explicit provision in the legislation, spiritual counseling can be implemented within the scope of preventive measures and activities. However, it was found that this implementation may encounter difficulties and that the institutions and specialists involved may need to take individual initiatives and responsibilities. Therefore, it is evaluated that specialized laws, institutions, and academic studies are necessary for the implementation of spiritual counseling for victimized children.
Halk Eğitimine Katkı Sunan Bir Kurum: Hisbe Teşkilatı
Authors: Medet Hacer Hicret
Published: September 2023

The Ḥisba Institution is a unique institution of Islamic civilization responsible for duty of commanding what is right and forbidding what is wrong. The Ḥisba Institution, which embodies many duties and authorities, is based on the Qurʾān and the Prophet’s teachings. This institution is a reflection of the principle of commanding what is right and forbidding what is wrong (al-amr bi al-maʿrūf wa al-nahy ʿan al-munkar). This principle embodies th concept of education, supervision, and change. For this reason, it is in a reciprocal relationship with education. The primary aim of the Ḥisba Institution is to ensure social control. Methods for achieving social control include educational approaches. The Ḥisba Institution which aims at moral development and the protection of social order, Muḥtasibs in charge of the Ḥisba Institution perform supervisory activities to ensure social order and control, while at the same time serving as role-models for the individuals in society.  All of these features can be considered as the contribution of the Ḥisba Institution to public education. While many studies have addressed the Ḥisba Institution and the principle of commanding what is right and forbidding what is wrong, there has not been a specific study on its educational aspect. In this study, it was tried to determine the contribution of the Ḥisba Institution, an organization of Islamic states, to public education by examining its general characteristics and practices from the moment it took the form of the first institution to the moment it lost its institutional form.  In this context, the study evaluated the contribution of the Ḥisba Institution to the education of individual, social order, and education. The aspects of the Ḥisba Institution that reflected on the society were analyzed using document technique, on of the qualitative research methods with a focus on education. The data obtained were analyzed and presented in the text. This study is considered significant for exploring an unexplored aspect of the Ḥisba Institution, its contribution to public education, and its contribution to the field of religious education. As a result of this study, it has been determined that the Ḥisba Institution has a structure that contributes to public education on the basis of moral development as well as being in a position that aims at the contunity of social order. Further comprehensive research in this area is recommended.
Hayreddin Karaman’nın Fetvalarında Zaruret Prensibi
Authors: Ergen Mücahit
Published: September 2023

Fiqh, a normative science based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah, is our guide in living Islam in accordance with its own values and the conditions of the day. Although there are many definitions of necessity, necessity is a situation that compels one to do or eat something forbidden by religion. In this context, Hayreddin Karaman, one of today's jurists who contributes with his fatwas and writings on the necessity of necessities, social necessity, and the abuse of the principle of necessity, is in a unique position. This paper aims to reveal Karaman's contribution to the interpretation of the principle of necessity in Islamic law in today's conditions. In this direction, the question of how Karaman reflected the principle of necessity in his fatwas was asked. The literature review method was used to answer this question, and the findings obtained were analyzed. Karaman's acquis, his works, his writings published on various platforms, and scholarly studies about him have been analyzed. Karaman has theoretical explanations and fatwas on in which cases the needs will be considered necessary and how to apply the relevant rule of Mecelle without abuse. Karaman made an essential and up-to-date contribution to Islamic law by developing an understanding of the necessity that he based his ijtihad on. Karaman opposed those who claimed that the door of jurisprudence was closed, and he wanted to rule and resolve new issues and problems with new jurisprudence by developing new issues and problems without abandoning the classical method. He stated that Muslims need the principle of necessity to get out of the bottleneck caused by today's economic and social conditions in implementing Islamic Provisions and presented necessity as an intermediate solution on the way to Islamisation. Karaman distinguishes between individual and social life while operating the principle of necessity.  In the individual sphere, necessity ends to the extent that the individual realises his basic needs. On the other hand, the social sphere disappears with the provision of society's power in minimum conditions. According to him, a Muslim must be strong. In order not to be weak, it is necessary to make use of the licence of "temporary lifting of some prohibitions". He has given fatwas based on the principle of necessity on many issues, such as whether or not it is possible to obtain a housing loan granted by the state, the congregation of prayers in polar regions, and the possibility of treatment with alcoholic drugs.
Bektaşî Erenlerinden Güvenç Abdal ve Şeceresi
Authors: Benzouine Sümeyra
Published: September 2023

During the 1200s and 1300s, Anatolia grappled with invasions and internal strife. In the midst of these challenges, specific movements emerged that would eventually lay the foundation for Anatolian Alevism. Their primary goal was the Islamization of Anatolia. To this end, lodges were established, and religious leaders sent pioneers like dervishes, mystics, and spiritual guides to various parts of Anatolia to spread Islam and ease its conquest. One such location was the Harşit Valley in Gümüşhane, situated along the Silk Road of the time, surrounded by rugged mountains and cliffs, named after the Harşit River flowing through it. Güvenç Abdal, assigned to this region by the renowned Hacı Bektaş Veli, (Ḥāccī Bektāş Velī, d. 669/1270–1?), settled here and established his spiritual lodge despite the challenging conditions of the area. While his exact birth and death dates remain unknown, it is believed that Güvenç Abdal lived between the 1200s and 1300s. His lineage has persisted for centuries through oral traditions and spread across many cities in Turkey. The Güvenç Abdal lodge, a quintessential example of Anatolian Alevism, not only provided services like feeding and hosting travelers, repairing their mounts, and ensuring their safety due to its strategic position on the trade route but also undertook crucial responsibilities. Furthermore, recognizing the significance of this valley for national trade, Fatih Sultan Mehmet granted the lodge various tax exemptions and protections. Sadly, the present status of this esteemed lodge is on the verge of being forgotten. Historical documents held by the lodge's descendants require restoration, translation, and preservation. In studies conducted on Güvenç Abdal and his lodge, there has been a tendency to focus solely on its sociodemographic structure, often overlooking its theological significance. Neglecting the translation and reading of the cherished genealogical tree, central to the lodge culture, has resulted in a gap in understanding the interconnectedness of ideas and events. Introducing this lodge's founder and genealogy, which still has many followers today, holds great importance. Our research aims not only to sketch the portrait of a historical figure but also to delve into the socio-political climate of the era, and its influence on people, society, and their thought processes.
Leone Caetani'nin Annali Dell’Islām Adlı Eserinde Kur’an-ı Kerim’in Mushaf Hâline Getirilmesi Hakkındaki Görüşleri
Authors: Ergenekon Beyzanur
Published: September 2023

The research and studies within the scope of Orientalism that emerged in Western countries became systematic towards the end of the 17th century. Subsequently, the number of publications by orientalists on Islam has been increasing since the beginning of the 19th century. The Eastern studies that started in countries such as the Netherlands, France, and England also attracted the attention of Italian scientists. Leone Caetani is one of the representatives of Italian Orientalism. Caetani, who was positivist, materialist, Machiavellian, and Darwinian, wrote a comprehensive work called "Annali Dell'Islām" in which he portrayed the life of Prophet Muhammad according to his thoughts. This work was translated into Turkish as "İslam Tarihi" (History of Islam) by Hüseyin Câhid Yalçın in 1924. While this extensive work written with biased thinking was followed with great admiration in Italy, it also caused a great stir among the academic circles of the Republic of Turkey. Caetani used the primary sources of Islamic history in his Annali Dell'Islām. However, it has been understood that Caetani made incorrect assessments about the information in the primary sources when examining the life of Prophet Muhammad.  The main reasons for the criticism directed towards Caetani's work are his use of untrue statements and falling into contradictions regarding values that Muslims consider sacred without any doubt. Our study aims to examine Caetani's work regarding the developments that occurred during the compilation process of the Quran, which is the most reliable religious source of Muslims. It has been seen as a result of the research that Caetani exhibited a disrespectful attitude towards Islam, Prophet Muhammad, his Sunnah, and his companions, and that the claims about these subjects do not correspond to the truth according to the primary sources of Islamic history.
Emevîlerin Hilâfete Gelme Şekillerini Dinî-Siyasî Açıdan Meşrulaştırma Çabaları
Authors: Boz Ayşe Nur
Published: September 2023

Legitimacy in governance plays a pivotal role, especially when it serves as the foundation for accepting and perpetuating political powers. Historically, this has been evident in various states, but the case of the Umayyad State presents a uniquely compelling exploration. Unlike preceding Islamic rulers, the Umayyads pursued their claim to the caliphate, not through consensus (shura) but strategic political maneuverings. Their tenure, marked by significant events like the referee incident and the Battle of Siffin, continues to be a topic of debate among historians and scholars of Islamic history. Central to this study is understanding how the Umayyads sought to strengthen their legitimacy, especially in the light of criticisms and skepticisms from various quarters, including the ulama and other societal segments. Their legitimacy was further challenged by the dramatic shift in the nature of caliphate accession and its stark departure from previous norms. By investigating sources ranging from the general history of Islam to Siyasatnama writings and hadith compilations, this study offers insights into the religious-political tools the Umayyads employed. Notably, their evocation of religious verses and hadiths, aimed at underscoring their proximity to Prophet Muhammad, was an evident tactic. Such was the potency of this strategy that many subsequent powers in Islamic history mirrored it to bolster their own reigns. The Umayyads also ventured beyond mere textual references. Their choice of titles was symbolic, marking a distinct departure from earlier traditions. For instance, while Caliph Abubakr chose the title "the Prophet's Caliph (Khalifa Rasulullah)" after his election as caliph posts Prophet Muhammad, the Umayyads opted for titles like "Amīnullah (The one in whom Allah is sure)" and " Khalīfatullah (Vicegerent of God)" both carrying profound religious connotations. Additionally, the Umayyads ingrained their religious identity within the political sphere. Their hands-on involvement in religious duties and practices, such as leading hajj pilgrimages and hosting formal oath-taking ceremonies in mosques, further highlights their endeavor to intertwine religion and governance. However, the crux of the Umayyad legitimacy crisis lay in its foundational approach to governance: a marked shift from harnessing power in the name of religion to exploiting religious sentiments for political gain. This was the first time in Islamic history that a dynasty appropriated religious tenets so explicitly for consolidating power, setting a precedent that would be followed by many after. In conclusion, this research unravels the multifaceted strategies the Umayyad State employed to address its legitimacy challenges, contributing significantly to our understanding of Islamic governance and the intricate dance between religion and statecraft.
Pend-nâme-i Attâr’ın Türkçe Şerhlerinde Kadına Bakış Açısı ve Eril Dilin Tespiti
Authors: Levent Sema
Published: September 2023

One of the mirrors that best reflects the definition, meaning, feeling, course, change, and transformation of the image of women, which is hidden and censored in the subconscious of social memory, is literary literature. In pend-nāmas, one of the genres that show the view of classical Turkish literature on things, women, and society, the ideal society is imagined, and what the individual should do for this is explained in a simple and understandable style.  This study aims to determine the perspective of the poet, the commentator, and thus the society on women, to try to read the place of women in society and to identify the masculine language used in these texts based on the commentaries made by the commentators of the classical Turkish literature period on Pend-nāme-i Attâr, one of the essential works of Persian literature. Although feminist research and gender studies have developed since the 1970s-1980s, it is possible to trace women in texts written in much earlier periods, considering that women are the mothers of society and the generation begins with her. Thus, it will be easier to follow the development of the centuries-long story of women and the changing perspective over time. In this study, in which the document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used, the largest Pend-nāme-i Attâr commentaries written in the 18th and 19th centuries in Turkish literature were preferred. The commentaries of the commentators on the source couplets in which women are in question were determined, and the intention was read. As a result, based on these commentaries, it was understood that it was not "women" but "women with bad morals" who were criticized. It has been concluded that the view that women with bad morals are beings who cause men to fall into heedlessness and, therefore, should be avoided has gained weight. The reason for the heavy criticism is that women have a high transformative and transformative effect on men and, thus, on society. In short, a woman is a man's weakness, and resisting her requires a strong will. Being aware of this, the masculine mentality actually appeals to its own ego by giving her advice. This emphasizes the fact that men and women are complementary beings and that the degradation of one inevitably leads to the degradation of the other. It is scientifically unsatisfactory to draw general conclusions from a few texts. For this reason, other texts of classical Turkish literature, which has a wide range of genres, should be analyzed one by one, and different perspectives, if any, should be identified. Subsequently, the reasons for the exclusion of women, their being regarded as half-witted, and their being regarded as passive being who must be constantly taken care of and managed will be explained with more concrete and realistic justifications.
Bilişsel İnşanın Yetisel Zeminini Oluşturan Kavramların Kur’an Bağlamında Analizi
Authors: Oltulu Murat
Published: September 2023

The subject of this paper is the analysis of several Qurʾānic words related to the faculties through which man performs any action he wishes to do, including cognitive/intellectual construction, such as nafs, quwwa, istiṭāʿat, udhn, samʿ, taswiya, fiqh, waʿy, and  ʿaql. The sub-headings of the research will be the concepts through which the faculties that are the means for the emergence of action and the state of possession of these faculties, which can be considered as a state of selfhood, are expressed; the character structure and process of the construction act and the actions performed through the faculties possessed; the concepts through which the structures that emerge as a result of this construction process and which are actually a target product that governs the whole process are expressed. The Qurʾān also contains an important vocabulary about concepts, which constitute the 'first stage' of the process of abstracting this final product through faculties. However, the fact that the culture in which the Qurʾān was born was an oral culture played an important role in the choice of abilities and materials during its construction and determined the character of the Qurʾān. Therefore, the study will focus on the concepts that considered to come to the fore as abilities and materials. We will try to describe how words which were the expression of these abilities and materials, were used in the process of construction, which could be considered as an act of abstraction and in a permeable and double-meaningful character. In the constructing the link between words, the methodological guidance of semantics will be followed. Analyzing these faculties, which are currently studied under cognitive psychology or cognitive sciences, in the Qurʾānic context and revealing the Qurʾān's unique approach to these capacities can provide seminal functions in the investigation of the construction of a new subject as a set of capacities. In conclusion, it has been observed that the analyzed words were used in a permeable character in a way to include an intellectual meaning rather than a pure sensory input; in this range, the sensory input, as the same thing, constructed the intellectual through itself; the Qurʾan, from this point of view, presented itself as an (intellectual) reminder/tadhkira as the place of the 'essence' that transcended perception in the form of sense; the content of the words was semantically changed while preserving their verbal quality. To add, among the findings is that one of the main points of analogy between God and man was realized through the concept of competence, and the Islamic understanding of divinity was built on this concept.
Doğal Afetler ve Din: İslam Düşüncesi Bağlamında 6 Şubat Kahramanmaraş Depremi
Authors: Güler Kadir
Published: September 2023

Natural events are extraordinary natural events as old as world history. These events are called disasters if they bring about a change in the societies in which they occur. This change may differ according to societies; moreover, it occurs in economic, sociological, psychological, political, religious, and legal fields in general terms. As well as the difference in the change caused by natural disasters in society, there are also differences in coping, fighting, and accepting the said change. Man is an emotional creature by nature. Therefore, due to natural disasters, they receive some help to cope with the process. These benefits range from cultural activities, health care, sports activities, or religious beliefs. In this study, we tried to express how individuals who experienced the earthquake managed the process, and how and to what extent they benefited from religion in the face of the disaster. Since religions are as old as human history and, therefore, there are too many religious thoughts, we limited our study to the religion of Islam. In this respect, first of all, we studied the verses of the Qur’an, which refer to disasters, and the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad, the prophet of the Islam religion, about disasters. Then we did a literature study related to our subject. Based on the primary sources of the religion of Islam and related studies, we briefly discussed the approach of Islam to natural disasters at the theoretical level. On the main focus of our study, we included Kahramanmaras province, Pazarcık centered earthquake that occurred on February 6, 2023, which was described as the disaster of the century and affected 11 provinces. After the earthquake in question, we tried to determine how the earthquake survivors coped with the earthquake, whether they received support from their religious beliefs in this process, and whether there was any change in their religious thoughts with the structured interview method. In our study process, we interviewed 20 people. Since we limited the theoretical part of our study to the religion of Islam, we limited our interview study to Muslims and limited our fieldwork to Gaziantep province. In this context, we have determined that the majority of the disaster victims associate the earthquake with the idea of destiny, and that the idea that it is a predestination of Allah is dominant. However, we encountered Muslims who did not associate the earthquake with religion, and we stated their reasons in our study. Our research is important in terms of revealing Islam's approach to natural disasters and Muslims' methods of coping with disasters. Here, we should also state that in the literature review, we have done on the subject, we have noticed that psychology studies are in the majority. Since we are trying to examine natural disasters and especially earthquakes in terms of the sociology of religion, we believe that our research has special importance in terms of eliminating a deficiency in the field.
Leo Schaya Bağlamında Tasavvufta İçsel Dönüşüm
Authors: Yalçın İsa
Published: September 2023

Leo Schaya [Sidi Abdul-Kuddus] (1916-1986), a member of the traditionalist school, is a significant researcher and author of the 20th century who carried out in-depth studies particularly on Islamic Sufism and Jewish mysticism. Born in Switzerland into a non-religious Jewish family, Leo develops a deep interest in Sufism to study Islamic mysticism following his encounter with Frithjof Schuon [Īsā Nūr al-Dīn] (1907-1998), a distinguished representative of Islamic spirituality in the West. He turns to Schuon, whom he values for his spiritual journey and sees as an experienced guide. He converts from his current religious belief and joins the Shadhiliyya order. As a result of his warm and visionary nature, during his travels, he gains knowledge about Islamic tradition and Sufism through his relationships with famous masters of Sufism such as Shaikh Muhammad at-Ta'dīl (d. 1371/1952) and Sufi thinkers like Titus Burckhardt [Sidi İbrahim] (1908-1984), who conducted theoretical studies on eastern doctrine. He perceives mystical teachings as a journey into the depths of the heart and soul in pursuit of a transcendent reality and truth. He sees them as a guide for human spiritual development and getting closer to Allah, representing the internal dimension of Islam. In his theory, overcoming the self or controlling ego-centered thoughts, the process of reaching divine love and truth, discovering one's true potential, killing one's self in this world of multiplicity to bring out the divine light within, and recognizing one's essence are all important. Furthermore, in the studies in which Schaya put his thoughts into writing, he associates certain Sufi concepts with other metaphysical principles and emphasizes the existence of a universal metaphysical understanding. The aim of this study is to analyze Leo Schaya's Sufi thought from a traditionalist perspective, to understand and evaluate the universal dimension he puts forward regarding Islamic tradition and mysticism. In other words, it is to investigate how Schaya's Sufi teachings provide guidance in the inner journey of humans and to delve into the universal dimension of his thoughts. For this purpose, document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, has been used to examine the author's mystical teachings, and the data related to the subject has been collected. This data, categorized according to specific characteristics or themes, formed the general framework of the text. Schaya's inner teachings offer significant information on topics such as societal dynamics, spiritual interactions, and relationships between universal religious teachings. It is also seen that Schaya, rather than fully adopting the doctrines of traditionalist school pioneers, is in the effort to shape his own spiritual vision in an original way.
Tanrı-Zaman İlişkisi Bağlamında Richard Swinburne’ün Klasik Teizme Eleştirileri ve Zamansal Tanrı Tasavvuru
Authors: Akıcı Şeymatül Rabia
Published: September 2023

This study examines Richard Swinburne's thoughts on the relationship between God and time, one of the forefathers of the modern philosophy of religion. I will analyze Swinburne's critiques of classical theism's conception of God acting in the timeless/eternal and possessing the present, and asses to which extent the philosopher's temporal conception of God can overcome classical theism's difficulties. The idea of God being incorporated in time, according to theism, would make God a prisoner of time. God would be constrained by time and the natural laws that govern it, and situating creation under the concept of eternal time, as Swinburne claims, would pose some difficulties for classical theism's assumptions.  Swinburne contends that the concept of eternal God as owning the present raises a number of theological-philosophical issues, including human freedom, God's goodness, and how God acts in time. Swinburne finds traditional theism's theories of human will inadequate, claiming that in order to provide for human freedom, God voluntarily intervenes in time and limits his own self-knowledge. Swinburne acknowledges that God must operate in time by claiming that acts connected to the essence of the act occur across in a certain period of time rather than in moments. In other words, contrary to what classical theism argues, God does not act in his eternal present. According to him, God acts through time because acts do not occur in moments but in certain period of time. Examining Swinburne's idea of time and the relationship between God and time within this framework is critical for revealing the challenges caused by the idea of timeless God presented by classical theism. The purpose of this research is to determine which difficulties classical theism and Swinburne's arguments on the relationship between God and time answer and which problems they open up in theological and philosophical dimensions. Another goal of the research is to provide a critical viewpoint on both points of view. Swinburne's The Christian God, The Coherence of Theism, and Space and Time is evaluated in the study using the textual analysis approach and secondary source data. In conclusion, according to Swinburne, classical theism's conception of God is defended as a result of assumptions about certain divine attributes such as immutability, perfection, power, and knowledge. It is also clear that these assumptions raise some theological problems. The idea of God's temporality, on the other hand, was put forward in order to solve some problems regarding human will, God's goodness, and God's agency. As a result, the temporal notion of God solves some of the challenges created by the timeless conception of God in classical theism, yet classical theism has several presuppositions that prevent it from accepting this view.  The assumptions that both sides make on certain issues serve as their starting point. Both perspectives' conclusions point to further issues that need to be addressed.
MEB Hayat Boyu Öğrenme Portalı ve Değer Eğitimi
Authors: Karataş Meryem
Published: September 2023

The study is aimed at determining the values in some course programs opened on the axis of the Lifelong Learning Portal within the Ministry of National Education, and it is built on the contribution of the courses within the boundaries of lifelong learning to value education. It is assumed that the values to be gained in these courses are generally compatible with the root values that contribute to living together. The research brings together two topics that have been voiced loudly in recent years, such as lifelong learning and values education. What values are tried to be gained through courses to individuals who want to continue learning throughout their lives is important in terms of the contribution of the courses to social life. The aim of the study is to revealing which values are prioritized in the curriculum selected in the field of religious education in the lifelong learning portal and what are the contributions of these values to social life. At the same time, it is among the objectives of the research whether the values that are prioritized with the name "root values" in formal education institutions affiliated with the Ministry of National Education are compatible with the lifelong learning portal. In the research, the related teaching programs were examined descriptively through document analysis and the study has the characteristics of a qualitative research method. The data source of the research consists of different course areas in the field of religious education, which is included in the main heading of non-formal education programs among the courses opened on the portal. In total, eleven course programs were examined. The following results were obtained in the study: The value of love is included in all programs except the “religious education in the family” course. However, when it comes to family or religious education, the first value that comes to mind should be love. The value of respect is one of the common values in all the titles examined. One of the remarkable values is the value of contentment. There is a value of contentment in art-related courses, "religious education in the family" course and Quran education. It is a different point of view that the value of tolerance is included in living Islamic sects. Tolerance means ignoring, condoning, and is used synonymously with indulgence. There are exactly the same values in Wisdom Folk Songs - Exemplary Works from Turkish Classical Music courses and Business and Professional Ethics - Social Decorum courses. It has been observed that each of the root values is included in the course programs. The values of compassion, goodness, contentment, tolerance, kindness, gratitude, morality and tolerance, which are not included in the root values, are among the values included in lifelong learning courses. With its wide target audience and content, the lifelong learning portal awaits curious academists with the ability to conduct examinations and analyses from different perspectives, and to make suggestions in the theoretical and practical fields.