bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations of health-related quality of life with major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events for individuals with ischaemic heart disease: systematic review, meta-analysis and evidence mapping
Authors: Soloveva Anzhela , Gale Chris P , Naung Tun Han , Hurdus Ben , Aktaa Suleman , Palin Victoria , Mebrahtu Teumzghi F , Van Spall Harriette , Batra Gorav , Dondo Tatendashe Bernadette , Bäck Maria , Munyombwe Theresa
Published: October 2023

Objective

To investigate the association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in individuals with ischaemic heart disease (IHD).

Methods

Medline(R), Embase, APA PsycINFO and CINAHL (EBSCO) from inception to 3 April 2023 were searched. Studies reporting association of HRQoL, using a generic or cardiac-specific tool, with MACCE or components of MACCE for individuals with IHD were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale to assess the quality of the studies. Descriptive synthesis, evidence mapping and random-effects meta-analysis were performed stratified by HRQoL measures and effect estimates. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the Higgins I2statistic.

Results

Fifty-one articles were included with a total of 134 740 participants from 53 countries. Meta-analysis of 23 studies found that the risk of MACCE increased with lower baseline HeartQoL score (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.93) and Short Form Survey (SF-12) physical component score (PCS) (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.51). Risk of all-cause mortality increased with a lower HeartQoL (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.01), EuroQol 5-dimension (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.22), SF-36 PCS (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.41), SF-36 mental component score (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.30).

Conclusions

This study found an inverse association between baseline values or change in HRQoL and MACCE or components of MACCE in individuals with IHD, albeit with between-study heterogeneity. Standardisation and routine assessment of HRQoL in clinical practice may help risk stratify individuals with IHD for tailored interventions.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021234638.
Novel chaotic image cryptosystem using dynamic DNA coding
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Wei Yi , Zhang Yingqian , Teng Lin
Published: October 2023

This study aims to solve the problem of small key space in image cryptosystems based on logistic mapping. First, a new one-dimensional (1D) chaotic system, with a wide continuous chaotic interval, a large Lyapunov exponent and obvious chaotic characteristics are presented. Subsequently, a novel image encryption algorithm based on the new 1D chaotic system and dynamic DNA encoding is designed. Compared with other DNA coding methods, the proposed image encryption algorithm encodes chaotic sequences and ensures that the sequence elements at different positions correspond to different DNA coding schemes. This will help to overcome the fixity of DNA coding and make the proposed dynamic DNA coding easy to operate and implement. Finally, the cipher image is obtained by scrambling and bit XOR operation based on the chaotic sequences. The fixed DNA coding method is compared with other chaotic image encryption schemes, and the experimental results indicate that the image encryption algorithm has higher security and can resist common attacks.
Differential games for crowd dynamics and applications
Authors: Barreiro-Gomez Julian , Masmoudi Nader
Published: October 2023

We study crowd dynamics by means of both non-atomic and atomic differential games, which are also known as macroscopic and microscopic models, respectively; and we consider few crowd-related applications and experiments. Mainly, we study the modeling for Hajj motion (Tawaf), the most important event for Muslim pilgrims taking place in Mecca. We formally show that the proposed game-theoretical model is a potential-cost-dependent version of the well-known Hughes model, and the existing connection with the Lighthill–Whitham–Richards traffic model. We show that for a particular value in the potential cost, one obtains the same Hughes crowd model. Hence, we introduce a mild approximation that allows the computation of semi-explicit/explicit solutions for the proposed game problems. We study four main components that may be used by a central planner: (i) the effect of the clusters (delegations) over the motion, (ii) the inflow control to optimize the flux, (iii) how organized crowds evolve in comparison to disorganized ones, and (iv) how the creation of corrals with time-delays over their motion can be beneficial for the crowd evolution efficiency. We show that a faster performance is exhibited when pilgrims do Tawaf individually than when clustered groups are made, suggesting a possible direction for the policies design. Hence, we also present a simple ON/OFF control over the inflow that can be implemented by a central planner such that the flux is maximized. Related to this last mentioned policy, we have shown that delaying a group to integrate into the crowd can be beneficial for their efficient and faster motion. Also, we show that organized crowds evolve faster than disorganized ones, suggesting that education programs to perform Tawaf may potentially improve the flow. Finally, we show that other type of behaviors could be captured by means of the appropriate design of the cost functional. For example, the consideration of stress during an evacuation can be captured by means of the suitable modification of the cost functional, and as another example, we model the drafting tactics in bicycling where small densities can be beneficial for the performance. We present numerical and simulation results for all the applications using both the macroscopic and microscopic models, which certify the suitability of these models to capture the main features of the real behavior.
Neutron–Carbon12 elastic scattering using Deng–Fan potential
Authors: Khirali B. , Laha S. , Swain B. , Laha U.
Published: October 2023

Elastic nucleon–nucleus scattering in all partial waves is studied using Deng–Fan model of nuclear interaction. Analytical expressions for regular solution, binding energy and normalization constant are expressed in their maximal reduced form. Exploiting the asymptotic behavior of the solution the scattering phase shifts are computed for the neutron–Carbon system and are found to be in order with previous calculations.
MANAGING THE CO-CREATION PROCESS: WHEN THE CAKE DOES NOT RISE
Authors: DION-POULIN ALEXANDRA , VEILLEUX SOPHIE , PERREAULT VÉRONIQUE , TURGEON SYLVIE L.
Published: October 2023

Co-creation is recognised in the literature as fostering successful collaboration between academia and industry. Although models do exist, they only contain general principals and provide no details about the process from ideation to value creation. Moreover, they are established based on a consideration that industry submits a problem and the university provides solutions. However, with increasing pressure on researchers for their research to lead to tangible applications, universities must now also turn to firms to pinpoint their needs and practices. The purpose of this paper is to understand how a researcher can implement and manage a co-creation project in collaboration with firms to foster innovation. A university research team in food science and technology, in response to the issue of allergen management in the food service industry, more specifically the use of eggs in pastries, has led a co-creation project with six professional pastry chefs to improve cake formulations, in which eggs were replaced with legume puree. Based on the results and the literature, a model to manage the co-creation process between academia and industry that incorporates a collaboration platform is proposed. This paper also identifies the concrete practices that foster creativity and interaction among participants and that lead to innovation.
Research on Fault Detection for Microservices Based on Log Information and Social Network Mechanism Using BiLSTM-DCNN Model
Authors: Guan Shuai-Peng , Chen Zi-Hao , Wu Pei-Xuan , Guo Man-Yuan
Published: October 2023

The microservice architecture breaks through the traditional cluster architecture mode based on virtual machines and uses containers as carriers to interact through lightweight communication mechanisms to reduce system coupling and provide more flexible system service support. With the expansion of the system scale, a large number of system logs with complex structures and chaotic relationships are generated. How to accurately analyze the system logs and make efficient fault prediction is particularly important for building a safe and reliable system. By studying neural network technology, this paper proposes an Attention-Based Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network (Bi-LSTM). Combined with the dual channel convolutional neural network model (DCNN), it uses the attention mechanism to explore the differences between dimensional features, realizes multi-dimensional feature fusion, and establishes a BiLSTM-DCNN deep learning model that integrates the attention mechanism. From the perspective of social network analysis, a data preprocessing method is proposed to process fault redundant data and improve the accuracy of fault prediction under Microservices. Compare BiLSTM-DCNN with the mainstream system log analysis machine learning models SVM, CNN and Bi-LSTM, and explore the advantages of BiLSTM-DCNN in processing microservice system log text. The model is applied to simulation data and HDFS data set for experimental comparison, which proves the good generalization ability and universality of BiLSTM-DCNN.
Progressive Isoinertial Resistance Exercise Promotes More Favorable Cardiovascular Adaptations than Traditional Resistance Exercise in Young Adults
Authors: Banks Nile F. , Rogers Emily M. , Berry Alexander C. , Jenkins Nathaniel D.M.
Published: October 2023

We compared the cardiovascular adaptations to resistance training (RT) using either traditional isotonic or isoinertial resistance exercise in a randomized controlled study. Thirty-one healthy young adults (mean ± SD age = 24 ± 3 y) completed 10 weeks of traditional isotonic RT (TRT; n=6F/5M), isoinertial flywheel RT (FWRT; n=7F/4M) or a habitual activity control (CON; n=5F/3M). Prior to and following the intervention period, blood pressure, blood pressure reactivity, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and heart rate variability (RMSSD) were assessed. TRT and FWRT similarly improved isometric muscle strength. TRT significantly increased systolic blood pressure reactivity during isometric exercise compared to both FWRT (mean difference ± 95% CI: +10.8±8.8 mmHg) and CON (+11.8±9.1 mmHg). Cardiovagal BRS was significantly reduced in TRT versus FWRT (-6.82±4.9 ms/mmHg; p = 0.006) but not between TRT versus CON ( p = 0.12) or FWRT versus CON ( p = 0.43). Resting heart rate (RHR) and RMSSD worsened in TRT compared to FWRT (RHR: +8±5.8 bpm, p = 0.006; RMSSD: -22.3±15.6 ms, p = 0.004). Changes in BRS and RMSSD were associated with changes in blood pressure reactivity in the RT groups (r = -0.51 to -0.52). There were no significant changes in FMD or cfPWV in any group ( p > 0.13). In conclusion, 10 weeks of TRT and FWRT resulted in similar improvements in strength, but TRT caused impairments in blood pressure reactivity compared to FWRT and CON and parasympathetic nervous system activity compared to FWRT.
Optimizing Energy Efficiency in Multidevice Communication with Artificial Intelligence Assistance
Authors: Ben Abdennour Anouar , Kabaou Mohamed Ouwais , Aymen Flah , Rhaimi Belgacem Chibani
Published: October 2023

This paper seeks to improve mobile communications performance by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. The study is centered on device-to-device (D2D) communication, which has emerged as a significant aspect in the 5th generation of mobile networks (5G) and is expected to be extended to the 6th generation (6G). Based on the fuzzy system, the proposed solution tackles the critical issue of energy harvesting in D2D communication. The solution presents a support system that selects the best relay for the transmitter-receiver communication to minimize energy consumption and maximize the network’s lifetime. Minimizing energy consumption optimizes the network’s lifetime, thus providing a reliable and efficient communication system. The approach taken in this study offers a novel perspective in addressing the energy harvesting challenge in D2D communication. It is expected to have a significant impact on the performance of mobile communications.
Alcohol Withdrawal Presenting with Cut Throat Injury during COVID-19 Lockdown: Case Reports from Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Dipesh , Upadhyaya Shreeram , Banstola Hemanta , Pant Sagun Ballav
Published: October 2023

Background. The relationship between alcohol dependence and suicidal tendency is well recognized. Self-harm by cut throat is an uncommon but is potentially life-threatening when attempted. We present a description and discussion of a series of three cases of alcohol dependence syndrome who presented with self-inflicted cut throat wounds during the lockdown period from 24th March to 7th July 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic at the largest tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Case description. During the three and a half months of COVID-19 lockdown, we had three cases of alcohol dependence syndrome presenting to emergency services with a self-inflicted cut throat injury. Two cases were diagnosed as having alcohol withdrawal delirium and one case as alcohol-induced psychotic disorder (alcoholic hallucinosis) as per the international classification of mental and behavioral disorders diagnostic criteria for research. All three cases were alcohol dependent for more than a decade, but with no prior self-harm attempts. Necessary surgical interventions were done by the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, and in liaison with the Department of Psychiatry, appropriate psychiatric management was done. All three cases had uneventful outcomes in regard to wound care and mental disorder. Conclusion. Suicidal precautions should be taken in alcohol dependence during phases of consumption and abstinence. Screening for alcohol dependence and withdrawal should be a standard process in all self-harm cases that present to the emergency department during a crisis.
Machine Learning Approaches to Predict Patient’s Length of Stay in Emergency Department
Authors: Shbool Mohammad A. , S. Arabeyyat Omar , Al-Bazi Ammar , Al-Hyari Abeer , Salem Arwa , Abu-Hmaid Thana’ , Ali Malak
Published: October 2023

As the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the globe, health systems worldwide have also been significantly affected. This pandemic has impacted many sectors, including health in the Kingdom of Jordan. Crises that put heavy pressure on the health systems’ shoulders include the emergency departments (ED), the most demanded hospital resources during normal conditions, and critical during crises. However, managing the health systems efficiently and achieving the best planning and allocation of their EDs’ resources becomes crucial to improve their capabilities to accommodate the crisis’s impact. Knowing critical factors affecting the patient length of stay prediction is critical to reducing the risks of prolonged waiting and clustering inside EDs. That is, by focusing on these factors and analyzing the effect of each. This research aims to determine the critical factors that predict the outcome: the length of stay, i.e., the predictor variables. Therefore, patients’ length of stay in EDs across waiting time duration is categorized as (low, medium, and high) using supervised machine learning (ML) approaches. Unsupervised algorithms have been applied to classify the patient’s length of stay in local EDs in the Kingdom of Jordan. The Arab Medical Centre Hospital is selected as a case study to justify the performance of the proposed ML model. Data that spans a time interval of 22 months, covering the period before and after COVID-19, is used to train the proposed feedforward network. The proposed model is compared with other ML approaches to justify its superiority. Also, comparative and correlation analyses are conducted on the considered attributes (inputs) to help classify the LOS and the patient’s length of stay in the ED. The best algorithms to be used are the trees such as the decision stump, REB tree, and Random Forest and the multilayer perceptron (with batch sizes of 50 and 0.001 learning rate) for this specific problem. Results showed better performance in terms of accuracy and easiness of implementation.
Atypical Presentation of COVID-19 in Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tavares João , Figueiredo Daniela , Passos Lígia , Sobrinho Leila , Souza Elaine , Pedreira Larissa
Published: October 2023

Background: COVID-19 has currently well-described signs and symptoms. However, older adults often present with an atypical condition, which can confuse and delay diagnosis and treatment. Summary: A scoping review was performed according to Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and prepared using the PRISMA-ScR. It included 61 studies. The objectives were to identify the atypical symptoms of COVID-19 in older adults and summarize and synthesize the evidence regarding the clinical outcomes of older adults with atypical presentations of COVID-19. Fifty-eight atypical symptoms were identified. Geriatric syndromes were the most prevalent atypical presentations of COVID-19. The prevalence of older adults with atypical presentation was 29 ± 18.45%. The mortality rate of older adults with atypical presentation was 28.3 ± 10.26 (17–37%). Key Messages: This scoping review showed that geriatric syndromes represent a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in older adults. It is necessary to give visibility to those presentations in older populations with COVID-19 to advance the required interventions.
A Novel c.3636-4 A>G Mutation in the CCDC88C Plays a Causative Role in Familial Spinocerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Chai Senmao , Liu Deyang , Liu Yajing , Sang Ming
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by cerebellar neurological deficits. Specifically, its primary clinical manifestation is ataxia accompanied by peripheral nerve damage. A total of 48 causative genes of SCA have been identified. This study aimed to identify causative genes of autosomal dominant SCA in a four-generation Chinese kindred comprising eight affected individuals. Methods: Genomic DNA samples were extracted from the pedigree members, and genomic whole-exome sequencing was performed, followed by bidirectional Sanger sequencing, and minigene assays to identify mutation sites. Results: A novel pathogenic heterozygous mutation in the splice region of the coiled-coil domain containing the 88C (CCDC88C) gene (NM_001080414:c.3636-4 A>G) was identified in four affected members. The minigene assay results indicated that this mutation leads to the insertion of CAG bases (c.3636-1_3636-3 insCAG). Conclusion: CCDC88C gene mutation leads to SCA40 (OMIM:616053), which is a rare subtype of SCA without symptoms during childhood. Our findings further demonstrated the role of the CCDC88C gene in SCA and indicated that the c.3636-4 A>G (NM_001080414) variant of CCDC88C is causative for a later-onset phenotype of SCA40. Our findings enrich the mutation spectrum of CCDC88C gene and provide a theoretical basis for the genetic counseling of SCA40.
Quando Anatole France e Gilberto Freyre leram Pierre Loti
Authors: Silva Camila Geovanna Alves da
Published: October 2023

O que aproxima Anatole France de Gilberto Freyre? Além de escritores, ambos eram leitores do romancista francês Pierre Loti. No entanto, essas não todas as suas similaridades. Neste artigo, analiso a influência do Orientalismo na prosa ficcional de Pierre Loti sobre a produção intelectual de Gilberto Freyre e a crítica literária de Anatole France, e busco evidenciar como o discurso orientalista reproduzido pelos três autores em diferentes contextos (literário, analítico e sociológico) envolve a tecnologia da racialização e de hierarquização do gênero. Para tanto, fundamento meu trabalho no aporte teórico dos estudos de Said (2007), Yeğenoğlu (1998), Segato (2018, 2021) e Castro-Gómez (2019) sobre Orientalismo e tecnologias de gênero e racialização.
Antonio Candido em Debate: uma constelação de estudos críticos
Authors: Moreschi Marcelo , Moraes Anita Martins Rodrigues de , Pinto Lucia Ricotta Vilela
Published: October 2023

O que segue foi escrito como introdução para uma antologia de artigos e ensaios sobre a obra de Antonio Candido, cuja publicação foi impedida porque a Editora da Unicamp se recusou, em 2021, a autorizar a publicação de três textos que integrariam o volume. Mesmo com essa recusa, decidimos publicar agora o texto que serviria de introdução ao volume pretendido, uma vez que revisita, sublinha e resume um conjunto de intervenções críticas de diferentes autores que poderiam servir como contraponto e antídoto às várias compilações já conhecidas de artigos de teor laudatório/encomiástico a propósito da obra candidiana. Essas intervenções de fato encaram problemas da teoria, da crítica e da historiografia literárias de Antonio Candido, dando corpo a um pensamento divergente e heterogêneo. A ideia foi a de tentar reunir textos já publicados, cuja circulação foi pequena ou dispersa, de modo a constituir um volume de ensaios que demonstre a existência e a força de proposições dissidentes face às totalizações candidianas e às suas paráfrases tão acríticas quanto habituais. O presente artigo sumariza, assim, os 12 textos selecionados, indicando como o conjunto deles desvela os princípios de uma subjetivação (normativa) do letrado no Brasil.
I HAVE NOTHING TO PROVE TO YOU: REPRESENTATIVIDADE FEMININA EM CAPTAIN MARVEL (2019)
Authors: Lima Ellen Alves , Kurylo Yuri Garcia Piedade
Published: October 2023

O presente trabalho busca problematizar questões referentes à representatividade em Captain Marvel (2019). Por meio de uma análise de aspectos narrativos e imagéticos, e dados referentes à produção, buscaremos desvelar elementos relativos à sua representatividade e relevância das produções fílmicas de histórias em quadrinhos. Ao considerar como um importante marco no processo de aumento de visibilidade de protagonistas femininas na atual tendência blockbuster, a produção é constituída de forma bem direcionada na questão de gênero. Grande parte da equipe criativa é composta por mulheres, o que permite uma maior demonstração de uma riqueza de detalhes da protagonista, através de uma ótica mais específica. Desse modo, o filme apresenta reflexões teóricas quanto aos padrões de uma cultura patriarcal, afirmando seu aspecto identitário.
DADOS QUE ENGANAM OU QUE APAGAM A HISTÓRIA? A DRAMATICIDADE DAS ESTATÍSTICAS NA COBERTURA TELEJORNALÍSTICA SOBRE FEMINICÍDIO
Authors: Anjos Júlia Cavalcanti Versiani dos
Published: October 2023

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de examinar os efeitos de sentido produzidos pelo discurso jornalístico sobre feminicídio, especificamente no que diz respeito à utilização de estatísticas nestas narrativas. O corpus de análise é composto por 43 matérias de telejornais da Rede Globo, que foram veiculadas entre 2018 e 2020 e disponibilizadas na ferramenta Globoplay. A hipótese do presente artigo é que a quantificação do feminicídio atua em conjunto com o recurso à emotividade dos espectadores, detendo a função de chamar a atenção e promover o choque – porém, não no sentido de um ganho informativo, mas sim de uma dramaticidade despotencializada.
MEMÓRIA E AUTORIA NA TELEDRAMATURGIA BRASILEIRA: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A SÉRIE DOCUMENTAL GILBERTO BRAGA MEU NOME É NOVELA
Authors: Limeira Maria Aparecida Borges , Kneipp Valquíria Aparecida Passos
Published: October 2023

A telenovela brasileira tem como especificidade o caráter autoral nas produções exibidas na TV e o autor Gilberto Braga se consagrou com um estilo próprio que delineia o perfil social do Brasil. A série documental Gilberto Braga meu nome é novela percorre a trajetória do novelista por meio de imagens de arquivo e depoimentos. Este estudo traça um perfil da obra do novelista relacionando com a memória televisiva brasileira. A fundamentação teórica se baseia em Motter (2001), Lopes (2003; 2014) e Souza (2004). Dessa forma, a partir de um estudo caso compreendemos que as marcas autorais de Gilberto Braga transformaram as telenovelas do autor em documentos de memória brasileira.
INTELIGÊNCIA E SUCESSO COMO SÍMBOLOS DE PODER: DISCURSOS E CONVOCAÇÕES NO MERCADO BRASILEIRO DE EDTECHS
Authors: Silva Vivian
Published: October 2023

A tecnologia, o aumento das conexões e as novas relações com o saber transformaram o mundo do trabalho, criando necessidades de aprimoramento e aprendizado contínuas. Diante dessa demanda, desenvolveu-se um novo mercado de startups de educação com base tecnológica, as edtechs. Inseridas no fenômeno das plataformas, analisado por Jose Van Djick, Thomas Poell e Martijin De Wall (2018), essas empresas apresentam dinâmicas de consumo e relações de poder que trabalham a inteligência e o sucesso como signos de prestígio (CANCLINI, 1997). Neste artigo, analisamos como esse segmento estrutura os discursos de venda de seus produtos e as convocações biopolíticas. Para isso, trazemos as estratégias de lançamento de dois cursos gratuitos oferecidos pelas escolas G4 Educação e Conquer, que atingem milhões de pessoas em seus canais no Instagram e Linkedin.
A vitória das coristas francesas sobre a diretoria do Teatro de São Pedro de Alcântara (1850-1853)
Authors: Neto Luiz Costa-Lima
Published: October 2023

Abordamos o processo judicial que as coristas francesas Celine Suberbie e Constance Tarte Lalanne moveram contra a diretoria do Teatro de São Pedro de Alcântara, em 1850-1853. A partir de pesquisas em periódicos da época, apresentamos informações sobre as coristas, seus repertórios artísticos e sua relação com o contexto social. Discutimos como a comédia vaudeville em um ato La Tasse Cassée (A Xícara Quebrada), apresentada em benefício de Celine Suberbie, em 1853, estava relacionada com o processo judicial. Destacamos a importância do teatro musical francês para a circulação internacional de artistas, comportamentos, práticas culturais e ideias que se chocaram com a sociedade patriarcal e escravista brasileira da segunda metade no século XIX.
El uso de las aplicaciones tecnológicas para el enfrentamiento del covid-19 en América Latina – ¿Quo vadis?
Authors: Ordelin Font Jorge Luis , Oro Boff Salete
Published: October 2023

El uso de soluciones tecnológicas durante el período de confinamiento de la pandemia de la covid-19 generó múltiples interrogantes. Incluso con el fin oficial de la pandemia, es necesário un análisis de la efectividad del uso de estos mecanismos. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido analizar las experiencias en el uso de soluciones tecnológicas para el enfrentamiento de la pandemia de la covid-19, a partir del régimen de protección de datos personales en el ámbito Latinoamericano. Para su realización se utilizo el método teórico jurídico, en particular desde la perspectiva de protección de datos personales, y su uso en tres países de la región: Argentina, Brasil y México. Se concluyó que el análisis de la eficacia de cualquier solución tecnológica pasa por comprender los retos de la solución tanto desde el punto de vista de la tecnología utilizada como el respeto a las leyes y, condiciones sociales en las que la misma se aplicará.
A cor do som: construção de alteridade e racialidade na fonografia brasileira em 78 rotações, na primeira metade do século XX
Authors: Lemos Maya Suemi , Aragão Pedro de Moura
Published: October 2023

Partindo do problema central da produção de alteridades como elemento-chave na constituição do mundo moderno, e seguindo a perspectiva aberta por Jennifer Stoever e seu conceito de “linha de cor sonora”, o artigo tem foco na indústria fonográfica brasileira em seus primeiros estágios de desenvolvimento. Busca-se problematizá-la como um lugar de fixação e reverberação de representações sonoras raciais e étnicas, materializadas em fonogramas de 78 rotações gravados nas primeiras quatro décadas do século XX por cantores, músicos e compositores negros. Argumenta-se que a dinâmica de incorporação desses músicos no sistema de entretenimento alimentado pelas indústrias fonográficas do período passava necessariamente pela exploração de estereótipos em que elementos como etnicidade, comicidade, sensualidade, primitivismo e exotismo exerciam papel central, elaborados precedentemente em registros literários e musicais.
O viés de gênero na neurociência comportamental
Authors: Silva Regina Helena , Becegato Marcela
Published: October 2023

As ciências biológicas como um todo, e as neurociências em particular, são usadas para chancelar papéis sociais de gênero à medida que partem do pressuposto da existência de cérebros masculino e feminino, que justificariam comportamentos naturais de macho e fêmea. Estudos que acabam por confirmar esse pressuposto não são isentos de vieses culturais dos pesquisadores, mesmo quando são realizados em animais de laboratório. Aqui discutimos como esses vieses influenciam os resultados e interpretações das pesquisas biomédicas, as quais funcionam como tecnologia de gênero. Especificamente, como o machismo moldou a neurociência comportamental. A abordagem científica sob uma perspectiva feminista é essencial para que seja feita uma ciência para mulheres e não apenas sobre mulheres.
Efficacy of Dapagliflozin According to Heart Rate: A Patient-Level Pooled Analysis of DAPA-HF and DELIVER
Authors: Kondo Toru , Butt Jawad H. , Curtain James P. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Docherty Kieran F. , Claggett Brian L. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Bachus Erasmus , Hernandez Adrian F. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Martinez Felipe A. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Desai Akshay S. , Køber Lars , Ponikowski Piotr , Sabatine Marc S. , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J.V
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Although elevated resting heart rate (HR) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in sinus rhythm (SR), the relationship between HR and outcomes among patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction/heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and in those with atrial fibrillation (AF) is uncertain. The aims of this study were to examine the association between baseline HR and outcomes across the range of left ventricular ejection fraction, in patients with and without AF, and evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin according to HR.

METHODS:

A patient-level pooled analysis of the DAPA-HF (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure; heart failure with reduced ejection fraction) and DELIVER (Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure trial; heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction/heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) trials. The primary outcome of each was the composite of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death.

RESULTS:

Among patients with SR (n=6401, 64%), the rate of the primary outcome was higher in those with higher HR: 16.8 versus 7.7 per 100 person-years for ≥80 bpm versus <60 bpm. The relationship between HR and risk was steeper in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction versus heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction/heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. HR was not associated with outcomes in patients in AF for either heart failure phenotype. The benefit of dapagliflozin on the primary outcome was consistent across the HR range in both SR (
P
interaction
=0.28) and AF (
P
interaction
=0.56), for example, for SR <60 bpm, hazard ratio for dapagliflozin versus placebo 0.72 (95% CI, 0.55–0.95); 60 to 69 bpm, 0.78 (0.63–0.97); 70 to 79 bpm, 0.73 (0.59–0.91); ≥80 bpm, 0.77 (0.61–0.97). The benefit was consistent across HR range in both heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction/heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

CONCLUSIONS:

The risk of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death increased with increasing baseline HR among patients in SR, but this association was not seen among patients in AF, irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction. The benefit of dapagliflozin was consistent across HR range, irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction or rhythm.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT03036124 and NCT03619213.
ANGPTL3 (Angiopoietin‐Like 3) Preferentially Resides on High‐Density Lipoprotein in the Human Circulation, Affecting Its Activity
Authors: Kraaijenhof Jordan M. , Tromp Tycho R. , Nurmohamed Nick S. , Reeskamp Laurens F. , Langenkamp Marije , Levels Johannes H. M. , Boekholdt S. Matthijs , Wareham Nicholas J. , Hoekstra Menno , Stroes Erik S. G. , Hovingh G. Kees , Grefhorst Aldo
Published: October 2023

Background

ANGPTL3 (angiopoietin‐like protein 3) is an acknowledged crucial regulator of lipid metabolism by virtue of its inhibitory effect on lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase. It is currently unknown whether and to which lipoproteins ANGPTL3 is bound and whether the ability of ANGPTL3 to inhibit lipase activity is affected by binding to lipoproteins.

Methods and Results

Incubation of ultracentrifugation‐isolated low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions from healthy volunteers with recombinant ANGPTL3 revealed that ANGPTL3 associates with both HDL and LDL particles ex vivo. Plasma from healthy volunteers and a patient deficient in HDL was fractionated by fast protein liquid chromatography, and ANGPTL3 distribution among lipoprotein fractions was measured. In healthy volunteers, ≈75% of lipoprotein‐associated ANGPTL3 resides in HDL fractions, whereas ANGPTL3 was largely bound to LDL in the patient deficient in HDL. ANGPTL3 activity was studied by measuring lipolysis and uptake of
3
H‐trioleate by brown adipocyte T37i cells. Unbound ANGPTL3 did not suppress lipase activity, but when given with HDL or LDL, ANGPTL3 suppressed lipase activity by 21.4±16.4% (
P
=0.03) and 25.4±8.2% (
P
=0.006), respectively. Finally, in a subset of the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer) Norfolk study, plasma HDL cholesterol and amount of large HDL particles were both positively associated with plasma ANGPTL3 concentrations. Moreover, plasma ANGPTL3 concentrations showed a positive association with incident coronary artery disease (odds ratio, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.01–1.55],
P
=0.04).

Conclusions

Although ANGPTL3 preferentially resides on HDL, its activity was highest once bound to LDL particles.
Validating the SMART2 Score in a Racially Diverse High‐Risk Nationwide Cohort of Patients Receiving Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Deo Salil V. , Althouse Andrew , Al‐Kindi Sadeer , McAllister David A. , Orkaby Ariela , Elgudin Yakov E. , Fremes Stephen , Chu Danny , Visseren Frank L. J. , Pell Jill P. , Sattar Naveed
Published: October 2023

Background

We tested the potential of the Secondary Manifestations of Arterial Disease (SMART2) risk score for use in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods and Results

We conducted an external validation of the SMART2 score in a racially diverse high‐risk national cohort (2010–2019) that underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. We calculated the preoperative SMART2 score and modeled the 5‐year major adverse cardiovascular event (cardiovascular mortality+myocardial infarction+stroke) incidence. We evaluated SMART2 score discrimination at 5 years using c‐statistic and calibration with observed/expected ratio and calibration plots. We analyzed the potential clinical benefit using decision curves. We repeated these analyses in clinical subgroups, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and polyvascular disease, and separately in White and Black patients. In 27 443 (mean age, 65 years; 10% Black individuals) US veterans undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (2010–2019) nationwide, the 5‐year major adverse cardiovascular event rate was 25%; 27% patients were in high predicted risk (>30% 5‐year major adverse cardiovascular events). SMART2 score discrimination (c‐statistic: 64) was comparable to the original study (c‐statistic: 67) and was best in patients with chronic kidney disease (c‐statistic: 66). However, it underpredicted major adverse cardiovascular event rates in the whole cohort (observed/expected ratio, 1.45) as well as in all studied subgroups. The SMART2 score performed better in White than Black patients. On decision curve analysis, the SMART2 score provides a net benefit over a wide range of risk thresholds.

Conclusions

The SMART2 model performs well in a racially diverse coronary artery bypass grafting cohort, with better predictive capabilities at the upper range of baseline risk, and can therefore be used to guide secondary preventive pharmacotherapy.
Prognostic Value of Natriuretic Peptide Levels for Adverse Renal Outcomes in Patients With Moderate to Severe Acute Kidney Injury With or Without Heart Failure
Authors: Chaikijurajai Thanat , Demirjian Sevag , Tang W. H. Wilson
Published: October 2023

Background

Natriuretic peptides have been recommended as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with heart failure and are often elevated in the setting of acute kidney injury. We sought to demonstrate the associations between increased baseline NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) and adverse renal outcomes in patients with moderate‐to‐severe acute kidney injury.

Methods and Results

We reviewed electronic medical records of consecutive patients with acute kidney injury stage 2 and 3 admitted to the Cleveland Clinic between September 2011 and December 2021. Patients with NT‐proBNP levels collected before renal consultation or dialysis initiation were included. Adverse renal outcomes included dialysis requirement and dialysis dependence defined as patients undergoing dialysis within 72 hours before hospital discharge or in‐hospital mortality. In our study cohort (n=3811), 2521 (66%) patients underwent dialysis, 1619 (42%) patients became dialysis dependent, and 1325 (35%) patients had in‐hospital mortality. After adjusting for cardiorenal risk factors, compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of NT‐proBNP (≥18 215 pg/mL) was associated with increased likelihood of dialysis requirement (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.36 [95% CI, 1.87–2.99]), dialysis dependence (adjusted OR, 1.89 [95% CI, 2.53–1.34]), and in‐hospital mortality (adjusted OR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.01–1.34]).

Conclusions

Increased NT‐proBNP was associated with an increased risk of dialysis requirement, becoming dialysis dependent, and in‐hospital mortality in patients with moderate‐to‐severe acute kidney injury.
An hypothesis on crustacean pigmentation metabolism: l-carnitine and nuclear hormone receptors as limiting factors
Authors: Ghonimy Abdallah , López Greco Laura S. , Li Jian , Wade Nicholas M.
Published: October 2023

Astaxanthin (Axn) is the primary pigment molecule in crustaceans associated with quality, health and growth traits, leading to increased marketing value. Axn can be contained within the protein complex crustacyanin (CRCN) to produce an array of different shell colours, or esterified with fatty acids (FA) for storage but also contributing additional red colouration. l-Carnitine (LC) has a major role in FA oxidation and mitochondrial function optimization, which could influence the proportion of Axn complexed with FA or CRCN. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) have important roles in FA and Axn uptake, and stored lipid oxidation affecting Axn homeostasis and storage in lipid bodies. Whether Axn could increase PPAR signalling and carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, leading to induction of lipid metabolism, is not known in crustaceans. Several FA have been shown to preferentially form FA Axn-esters, including saturated fatty acids (SFA) such as C16:0 and C18:0, mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as C16:1 and C18:1, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as C20:4, C20:5, and C20:6. We hypothesize that manipulating the dietary ratios and inclusion of LC, Axn, and specific FA may be able to further improve pigment utilization, lipid metabolism, health, and growth in crustaceans.
International Human Rights and the Plight of Rohingya in Myanmar
Authors: Khan Robina , Abbas Zafar , Shah Syed Fakharuddin , Khan Muhammad Zubair
Published: October 2023

There are probably no nations in the world today that do not have minority groups. Wherever nation-states exist, ethnic diversity is a pervasive aspect of their life. Myanmar is one of the most ethnically diverse states in Asia. The Rohingya’s existence is a historical fact in Myanmar, but their ethnic minority status is not acknowledged. Rohingya Muslims are facing identity and citizenship problems along with severe international human rights violations. More than 0.7 million Rohingya Muslims are living in Bangladesh as world’s biggest refugee population. The Rohingya gradually lost their identity and eventually became stateless under Myanmar’s domestic legal framework. A large number of them are disenfranchised from exercising their basic human rights. It is argued that not only are their human rights seriously compromised in their present condition of statelessness, but they could still face genocide, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. The article concludes by emphasizing the responsibility to protect Rohingya Muslims from atrocities, including addressing their statelessness and lack of citizenship. Further research and advocacy are needed to ensure that the human rights of the Rohingya are protected and that they have access to citizenship and legal identity.
Enterococcus faecium supplementation prevents enteritis caused by Escherichia coli in goats
Authors: Dong J. , Jiang Y. , Li Z. , Liu K. , Guo L. , Cui L. , Wang H. , Li J.
Published: October 2023

The probiotic Enterococcus faecium is a gut microbe with immunomodulatory effects, which has been widely used to prevent diarrhoea in pigs and birds. Escherichia coli is a common pathogen that causes inflammatory bowel disease in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of E. faecium on enteritis in goats. Forty goats were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: control, E. faecium, E. coli, and E. faecium + E. coli. The changes of physiological indicators and diarrhoea scoring were evaluated on days −4, −2, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. The pathological examination, inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression and bacterial counts in jejunum and caecum were detected on day 4 and 8. The results showed that body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and leukocyte counts all increased from the 2nd to the 6th day after feeding with E. coli, and the diarrhoea score was significantly increased. However, E. faecium-pretreated goats had lower body temperatures and fewer leukocytes than E. coli-treated goats on day 2, as well as decreased diarrhoea scores. E. coli treatment caused histopathological damage and morphological changes in the jejunum and caecum, while pretreatment with E. faecium significantly alleviated these injuries. E. faecium pretreatment can reduce the load of E. coli and increase the prevalence of Lactobacillus, thereby balancing the microbiota in the intestine. Furthermore, E. coli-infected goats pretreated with E. faecium showed obvious inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA expression in the jejunum and caecum compared to that in the E. coli treatment group. In conclusion, the addition of E. faecium to goat feed is beneficial for improving clinical symptoms, maintaining intestinal mucosa integrity, balancing the microbiota and decreasing inflammatory responses in E. coli-induced intestinal injury.
Predictive value of nutritional indices for left atrial thrombus in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zhou You , Liang Erpeng , Ma Jifang , Wang Xianqing , Fu Haixia
Published: October 2023

Background

The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) are well known indicators for adverse outcomes in various diseases, but there is no evidence on their association with the risk of left atrial thrombus (LAT) in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation (VAF).

Methods

A comparative cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 433 VAF patients. Demographics, clinical characteristics and echocardiographic data were collected and analyzed. Patients were grouped by the presence of LAT detected by transesophageal echocardiography.

Results

LAT were identified in 142 patients (32.79%). The restricted cubic splines showed an L-shaped relationship between PNI and LAT. The dose-response curve flattened out near the horizontal line with OR = 1 at the level of 49.63, indicating the risk of LAT did not decrease if PNI was greater than 49.63. GNRI was negative with the risk of LAT and tended to be protective when greater than 106.78. The best cut-off values of PNI and GNRI calculated by receiver operating characteristics curve to predict LAT were 46.4 (area under these curve [AUC]: 0.600, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.541–0.658, P = 0.001) and 105.7 (AUC: 0.629, 95% CI:0.574–0.684, P<0.001), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that PNI ≤ 46.4 (odds ratio: 2.457, 95% CI:1.333–4.526, P = 0.004) and GNRI ≤ 105.7 (odds ratio: 2.113, 95% CI:1.076–4.149, P = 0.030) were independent predictors of LAT, respectively.

Conclusions

Lower nutritional indices (GNRI and PNI) were associated with increased risk for LAT in patients with VAF.