bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rlsc -road and Lane Based Stable Cluster Formation in Infrastructured Vehicular Adhoc Network
Authors: Karne RadhaKrishna
Published: May 2022

Vehicular Adhoc network - VANET is a technology that can provide assistance, safety and service to vehicles on the road. It is a network that communicates between vehicles wirelessly and infrastructure through the Internet. In this way, faster data and services can be shared through wirelesscommunication with different vehicles on different roads. It is a network communication system disseminated in a standardized way. One of the challenges is to establish a connection between vehicles traveling between various lanes on the larger road during fast driving and transmit data in these few seconds. In this proposed method RLSC -road and lane based stable cluster formation in infrastructure vehicular adhoc network, rapid data transmission is accomplished between clusters. Cluster data transmission is an advanced technology for effectively managing network resources and improving the network.Group-based vehicle communication is conducive to rapid data transmission. In this proposed model, dual clusters lead theway. If the active leader crosses the transmission range of thearea due to mobility,next level vehicle will become another active leader of the region. The selection of the leader is based on several parameters. Essentially, the leader should be locatedin the midpoint of the broadcastarea in each cluster. And the group must travel in the same direction at the same speed. On this basis, the vehicles lineup in a row and then start the race as the leader. Therefore, it can be seen that more packagedeliverieshave been completed
New Formulas for the Trigonometry of Isosceles Triangles
Authors: King Noah
Published: May 2022

This paper discusses a new formula to solve for the angle of isosceles triangles given proportion of differentiated unequivalent edge length versus the always-equivalent edges. The equation is equal to the arcsine of (X/2) multiplied by two. This formula is to be called ‘isn^-1(x)’, short for inverse isosceles sine equivalent. Also discussed is the non-inverse ‘isn(x)’ which is the cyclic function which is determined to correspond as the equivalent of the classic sine formula to isosceles triangles. The formula set is clearly superior and powerful at calculating the angle and measure of any given obtuse or acute triangle of an unclassified type, as well as unifying a simplest-fit formula across all types of triangle. Also discussed are two transform approximation formulas, which help to analyze graphs and samples. Finally, other methods your author has obtained to calculate angles are discussed and disproven in their effectiveness against this article’s formulas at focus, as with any other known angle formulas. This effectively makes obsolete any previously used trigonometric identities.
Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 subvariant during China’s largest outbreaks
Authors: Dai Yeyu
Published: May 2022

A complete and accurate statistical analysis of cases of contraction with SARS-CoV-2, under the conditions of strict mandatory quarantine and isolation and of a high rate of full vaccination, during the largest COVID-19 outbreaks driven by the Omicron BA.2 subvariant in China are given. SARS-CoV-2 is still new, and little is known about either its directions of variations or its laws of propagation. No country other than China has been able to disclose every case of infection in every epidemic or outbreak since April of 2020. Here, this study reveals that Omicron BA.2 subvariant can still spread very fast and wide in areas with strict “dynamic zero-COVID strategy” in China, that there exist cities twenty-fold differences in morbidity rates unrelated to any of the known factors contributing to incidence of infectious diseases, and that Omicron BA.2 subvariant is unpredictable in its virulence, although its severity rate of symptomatic cases is low. This analysis provides first-hand original and valuable information for further research on similar epidemics in the future. It may bring new thoughts for correction of present epidemiological theory and mathematical models. It may also give other countries time to be better prepared for the coming 6th wave driven by Omicron BA.2.
Influence of pressure and composition on electronic properties, phonon frequencies, and sound velocity for the zinc-blende GaAs1-xNx alloy
Authors: Elkenany Elkenany B
Published: May 2022

We investigated the electronic, phonon frequencies, and sound velocity of GaAs1 − xNx ternary semiconductor alloys with the zinc-blende crystal structure over the entire nitrogen concentration range (with x from 0 to 1) using the empirical pseudo-potential model within the virtual crystal approximation including the compositional disorder effect. The pressure-dependent electronic, phonon frequencies and sound velocity of GaAs1 − xNx ternary alloy have been studied. Our findings and the existing experimental data are found to be in good agreement. According to the dependence on pressure, a rising band gap is predicted for GaAs1 − xNx alloys at high-pressure values. According to the findings of this study, the GaAs1 − xNx characteristics could have substantial optoelectronic applications in the infrared and mid-infrared spectral ranges.
Advanced Medical Images Recognition and Diagnosis of Respiratory System Viruses
Authors: Tayel Mazhar , Fahaar Adel El , Fahmy Ahmed
Published: May 2022

Respiratory infections are a confusing and time-consuming task of constantly looking at clinical pictures of patients. Therefore, there is a need to develop and improve the respiratory case prediction model for Covid-19 and Viral Pneumonia as soon as possible to control the spread of disease. Deep learning makes it possible to discover that respiratory viruses such as Covid-19 and Viral Pneumonia can be effectively acquired using its classification tools such as CNN (Convolutional Neural Network). MFCC (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) is a common and effective method of signal processing. In this research, MFCC - CNN's learning model is proposed to speed up the prediction process that assists medical professionals. MFCC is used to extract image features related to the presence of Covid-19 and Viral Pneumonia or not. Prediction is done using a convolutional neural network. This makes the time-consuming process easier and faster with more accurate results for radiologists and this reduces the spread of the virus and saves lives. Experimental results show that using a CT image converted to Mel-frequency cepstral spectrogram as input to CNN can achieve high accuracy results; with the classification of validation data of 100% accuracy of the appropriate Covid-19 and Viral Pneumonia categories and images with the normal healthy (NON COVID) label. Therefore, it can probably be used to detect whether Covid-19 orViral Pneumonia are present in the CT images. The work here provides evidence of the idea that high accuracy can be achieved with a moderate dataset, which can have a significant impact on this area.
Dental care and oral conditions are associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia in people with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Takahashi Fuyuko , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Okada Hiroshi , Kondo Yuriko , Kaji Ayumi , Sakai Ryosuke , Kawate Yuka , Okamura Takuro , Nakanishi Naoko , Majima Saori , Senmaru Takafumi , Ushigome Emi , Hamaguchi Masahide , Asano Mai , Yamazaki Masahiro , Fukui Michiaki
Published: May 2022

Background: Keeping good oral condition by dental care is important for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study has investigated the association between dental care or oral conditions and sarcopenia in people with T2DM.Methods: Dental care and oral conditions were evaluated based on a self-reported questionnaire. Individuals with both low handgrip strength and low skeletal muscle mass index were diagnosed with sarcopenia.Results: Among 266 people with T2DM, the proportions of sarcopenia, not having a family dentist, not having a toothbrushing behavior, poor chewing ability, and use of complete dentures were 18.0%, 30.5%, 33.1%, 25.2%, and 14.3%, respectively. The proportions of sarcopenia in people not having a family dentist (27.2% vs. 14.1%, p = 0.017), those with poor chewing ability (26.9% vs. 15.1%, p = 0.047), and use of complete dentures (36.8% vs. 14.9%, p = 0.002) were higher than those in people without. The proportion of sarcopenia in people without toothbrushing behavior tended to be higher than that in people with toothbrushing behavior (25.0% vs. 14.6%, p = 0.057). Not having a family dentist (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.48 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–5.09], p = 0.013), poor chewing ability (adjusted OR 2.12 [95% CI: 1.01–4.46], p = 0.048), and use of complete dentures (adjusted OR 2.38 [95% CI: 1.01–5.99], p = 0.046) were related to the prevalence of sarcopenia.Conclusions: This study revealed that dental care and oral conditions were associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia.
Dietary fat enhanced chylomicron-mediated LPS translocation in a Caco-2 transwell model
Authors: Tomassen Monic M.M. , Govers Coen , Vos A. Paul , Wit Nicole J.W.
Published: May 2022

Background
There is increasing evidence that dietary fat, and especially saturated fat, promotes the absorption of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via enhanced chylomicron production. The latter can subsequently transport LPS to other parts of the body, where it can induce low-grade chronic inflammation that links to various metabolic and gut-related diseases. To identify promising (food) compounds that can prevent or ameliorate LPS-related low grade inflammation, we developed and optimized an in vitro model for dietary fat-induced LPS translocation that closely mimics the in vivo situation and facilitates high-throughput screening.
Methods
For this, epithelial Caco-2 cells were differentiated in 21 days to a small intestinal phenotype. Thereafter, the cells were exposed to a dilution range of in vitro digested palm oil and sunflower oil, with or without starvation, to determine optimal conditions for fat-induced chylomicron production as measured by basolateral levels of the chylomicron-related marker apolipoprotein B. Next, LPS was co-incubated in various concentrations with the digested oils and fat-induced LPS translocation to the basolateral side was assessed.
Results
We found that dietary fat-induced LPS translocation in Caco-2 cells was optimal after apical exposure to digested oils in a 1:50 dilution, in combination with 750ng/ml LPS, preceded by one-week starvation (cultured without fetal bovine serum). Co-incubation with chylomicron blocker Pluronic L81 confirmed that fat-induced LPS translocation is mediated via chylomicron production in this Caco-2 model.
Conclusion
We developed a robust Caco-2 cell model for dietary fat-induced LPS translocation that can be used for high-throughput screening of (food) compounds that can reduce LPS-related low grade inflammation.
Epiplastic microhabitats for epibenthic organisms: a new inland water frontier for diatoms
Authors: Taurozzi Davide , Cesarini Giulia , Scalici Massimiliano
Published: May 2022

Plastic pollution is widespread in each type of ecosystems. However, the colonization events of microorganisms on plastics seems to be neglected in inland waters. Therefore, in this study we analyse the possible colonization on the surface (hereafter epiplastic microhabitats) of two typology of plastic supports by diatom community. Specifically, we located 20 supports in expanded polystyrene and 20 in polyethylene terephthalate both floating and dipped (about/~ 1 m) in a central Italian shallow water pond, in order to evaluate the diachronic colonization of diatoms from November 2019 to August 2020. Our result shown the tendency in colonizing both epiplastic microhabitats without significant differences in number of species; additionally, depth does not appear to affect the number of species. As regard the temporal colonization, the number of species tends to increase over time from autumn-winter to spring-summer in both type of epiplastic microhabitats and depth. Instead, increase in dominance of some species over time has been demonstrated: only a few species keep an high number of individuals compared to the others; therefore, the number of individuals within the species is not uniformly distributed. These results suggest the tendency of diatom community to colonize plastic supports in lentic waters, and this evidence can be very important because artificial supports can increase the surface available for the settlement of the algae community with an increase of productivity and the colonization of new communities of different taxa. Further studies are mandatory to investigate the possible effects on the epiplastic community and the ecological implications in freshwater environments.
Relationship between root tip morphology and habitat environment across Macaranga and Shorea species in a tropical lowland forest of Peninsula Malaysia
Authors: Ugawa Shin , Kuninaka Wataru , Hayata Keisuke , Maruta Naoko , Ohashi Syota , Kubota Victoria Rika , Ahmad Rozita , Kadir Wan Rasidah
Published: May 2022

Aims
The relationship between functional trait and habitat environment across tree species provides critical information for understanding the strategy of resource acquisition and utilization of each tree species. Correspondingly, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between root tip morphology and habitat environment in a primary lowland dipterocarp forest.
Methods
We surveyed habitat environmental factors for 13 target species of Macaranga and Shorea, i.e., light condition, soil physical properties, and soil nitrogen (N) dynamics, and root tip morphology, including specific root tip length (SRTL), root tip diameter (RTD), and root tip tissue density (RTTD) and analyzed their relationship considering their phylogenetic effect.
Results
The differences in SRTL and RTD between Macaranga and Shorea species were validated by the difference in environmental factors, i.e., light intensity and soil ammonification rate. With the phylogenetic effect in mind, we detected an interspecific variation in SRTL, RTD, and RTTD in response to differences in environmental factors such as light intensity, soil physical properties, soil nitrification, and N mineralization rates. Among the same species of the trees, the SRTL decreased with increasing light intensity and increased with increasing nitrification rates, while the RTD exhibited an opposite trend.
Conclusion
We confirmed that the root tip morphology varies according to habitat environment in tropical tree species. However, the variation pattern was different than that of the temperate tree species, implying the existence of factors that determine the direction of root tip morphological variation in response to environmental factors.
Hypocretin/orexin system genes HCRT, HCRTR1 and HCRT2polymorphisms in “sleeping sickness” in Kazakhstan
Authors: Boribay Elmira , Ashirbekov Eldar , Sharipov Kamalidin , Nurmahanova Akmaral , Tynybekov Bekzat , Satybaldiyeva Gulmira , Dossymbekova Raushan
Published: May 2022

Background: The cause of “sleeping sickness”, which struck many residents of Kalachi settlement in 2013-2015, has still not been identified, despite the efforts of Kazakh scientists. Some unknown factor X, causing sleeping sickness, appears likely to affect people. We assumed that polymorphism in the genes of the orexinoergic system, which is the most important mechanism in sleep/awakening regulating, can determine individual susceptibility to factor X. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we conducted a case-control study of polymorphisms in genes which has shown to have previously been associated with nervous disorder HCRT (rs760282), HCRTR1 (rs2271933) and HCRTR2 (rs2653349 and rs3122156).Results: Of the four polymorphisms tested, only rs2653349 showed association with sleeping sickness in both the common sample and the sample of Russian. However, despite association discovered, due to the lack of homozygote on minor allele A in the test group we cannot point it out as a risk for a “sleeping sickness”. Instead, we point out a risky heterozygote genotype (GA (OR = 3.94, 95%CI = 1.43 – 10.88, codominant model, p = 0.0011).Conclusions: When the sample is divided by sex, relation between rs2653349 and “sleeping sickness” appeared only in the female sample (OR = 3.82, 95%CI = 1.05 – 13.94, codominant model, p = 0.0037).
Claudins family as potential prognostic indicators in ovarian cancer by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Li Qian , Zhang Xin
Published: May 2022

To evaluate the expression of ten claudins(CLDNs) family members including CLDN1/3/4/5/6/7/9/10/11/16 and their prognostic and functional impacts on ovarian cancer (OC) patients,we applied GEPIA,HPA,KM plotter,STRING,Metascape,Kobas and cBioPortal databases to analyze that the mRNA and protein levels of CLDN1/3/4/7/16 expression were significantly upregulated in OC samples;the mRNA level of CLDN6/9/10 were highly expressed in OCs, however, CLDN5/11 were low expressed in OCs.Further,Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis revealed that CLDN3/4/10/16 were significantly associated with progression free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS) of patients with OC.CLDN1/6/7 were significantly related to PFS of women with OC.Moreover,the anomalous mRNA expression of CLDN1/3/4/6/10/11/16 were linked to markedly prognosis in OC patients taking diverse chemotherapeutic drugs.CLDN1/3/4/6/7/9/10/11/16 were closely related to FIGO stages in OC patients.Then,Gene ontology(GO) and KEGG analysis showed that the CLDNs played important roles in tumor metastasis,immune response process and cellular adhesion process in ovarian cancer.The ten claudins protein family possessed eminent mutual connectivity in PPI,and it may be necessary to analyze CLDN protein family as a whole complex.The different genetic alterations of CLDNs comprised 1.37% mutation,31.16% amplification,0.17% structural variant,1.37% deep deletion,0.51% multiple alterations.Additionally,Our results of mRNA high-throughput sequencing confirmed that CLDN3/4/7 was significantly upregulated in ovarian cancer and could be used as marker genes,and related functions and pathways involved in the epithelial cell differentiation, immune response and cell tight junction.Our study confirms that the CLDNs is significant prognostic value for OC patients.CLDNs is linked to the epithelial cell differentiation,tumor metastasis and immune response of ovarian cancer,and could have a potential application prospect in immunotherapy of ovarian cancer.
Rare Digestive Disease: Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy, review of literature
Authors: Sun Yinghao , Bai Xiaoyin , Guo Tao , Fan Siyuan , Ruan Gechong , Zhou Weixun , Yang Hong
Published: May 2022

Background
Clinical features of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) vary considerably among patients, and delayed diagnoses or misdiagnoses are common.
Aim
We analyzed the clinical features of patients with MNGIE to understand the disorder better.
Methods
We summarized one case from our hospital and case series from literature between January 1, 2000, and September 30, 2020.
Results
Sixty-two patients were included in this study, with 22 (35.5%) female and 38 (61.3%) male. The median age at diagnosis was 25 (19.5, 30.5) years. The most common gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were weight loss/cachexia (47, 75.8%), diarrhea (42, 67.7%), and abdominal pain (40, 64.5%). The most common neurological symptoms were leukoencephalopathy (51, 82.3%), ocular signs such as ptosis or ophthalmoparesis (44, 71%), and polyneuropathy (43, 69.4%). 22 (33.9%) patients were born to consanguineous parents. The percentage of GI symptoms including abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea was significantly higher in the younger group (less than 40 years old) compared to that in the elder group (over 40 years old).
Conclusions
MNGIE should be considered in young patients with GI dysmotility, particularly those with a family history or those born to consanguineous patients.
Counting what counts: A systematic scoping review of instruments used in primary healthcare services to measure the wellbeing of Indigenous children and youth
Authors: Saunders Vicki , McCalman Janya , Tsey Sena , Askew Deborah , Campbell Sandy , Jongen Crystal , Angelo Candace , Spurling Geoff , Cadet-James Yvonne
Published: May 2022

Background
Primary healthcare services have principal responsibility for providing child and youth wellbeing and mental health services, but they have lacked appropriate measurement instruments to assess the wellbeing of Indigenous children and youth or to evaluate the effectiveness of programs and health service initiatives designed to address their needs. This literature review was conceived and conducted to respond to this identified need by assessing the availability and characteristics of measurement instruments that have been applied in primary healthcare services in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Norway, and the United States (CANNZUS countries) to assess the wellbeing of Indigenous children and youth. Wellbeing was defined as a relational phenomenon encompassing individual, collective, cultural and spiritual domains.
Method
15 databases and 12 websites were searched in December 2017 and again in October 2021. Pre-defined search terms pertained to Indigenous children and youth, CANNZUS country names, wellbeing measurement, and primary healthcare services. PRISMA guidelines were followed, with eligibility criteria guiding screening of titles and abstracts, and selected full-text papers. Documented measurement instruments were then categorised according to four criteria that were deemed most likely to represent Indigenous child and youth experiences of wellbeing: adherence to relational strength-based constructs of Indigenous wellbeing, development for Indigenous populations, administration by child/youth self-report, and reliability and validity.
Results
17 publications (nine studies) were found, that described the development and/or use by primary healthcare services of 14 measurement instruments, employed across 27 applications. Four/14 measurement instruments focused solely on strength-based wellbeing concepts but none included all Indigenous wellbeing domains, four were developed specifically for Indigenous populations, six were administered through child/youth self-report, and 11 were reliable and valid.
Discussion
The measurement instrument that most closely adhered to our desirability criteria was the Canadian Aboriginal Children’s Health and Well-Being Measure (ACHWM). Other measurement instruments rated with 2–3 desirability criteria were the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS), Outcome Rating Scale (ORS), Session Rating Scale (SRS), Strong Souls, Westerman Aboriginal Symptoms Checklist Youth (WASC-Y) and the YouthCHAT. This review supports several Australian research studies that are currently underway to develop measures/ screening tools to assess the wellbeing of Indigenous adolescents.
The factor altering arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal effect on soil N2O emission is not quite clear: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Shujuan , Wu Sikai , Lehmann Anika , You Zhaoyang , Jiang Huafeng , Rillig Matthias C.
Published: May 2022

The control of soil nitrous dioxide (N2O) emission is of great importance to deal with climate change. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the potential effect of biotic and abiotic factors possibly altering the role of (AM) fungi in reducing soil N2O emission directly and indirectly via NH3 emission in natural and managed ecosystems. Our dataset was built based on 21 studies in both English (15 studies) and Chinese language (5 studies), including experiment-, plant-, AMF-, nutrient- and soil-related moderator variables. We found that the AM fungi reduced soil N2O emission by 11% (overall effect) and this reduction was observed in 84% of all trials. This effect varied largely from 265% decrease to 345% increase. Due to data limitations, it was still unclear that how AM effect was manipulated by these biotic and abiotic factors. We observed that measurement times, P availability and micronutrient addition had a compounding effect. We improved the sensitivity analysis techniques to evaluate the disproportional influence of a single study. In conclusion, AM fungi had a potential role in reducing soil N2O emission and currently, the available data did not support a meta-analysis on factors manipulating this effect. We call for more lab and field research targeting how biotic and abiotic factors alter this AM fungal effect on soil N2O emission.
Change in brain amyloid load and cognition in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. A 3-year follow-up study
Authors: Rauhala Elina , Johansson Jarkko , Karrasch Mira , Eskola Olli , Tolvanen Tuula , Parkkola Riitta , Virtanen Kirsi A. , Rinne Juha O.
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Our aim was to investigate the discriminative value of 18F-Flutemetamol PET in longitudinal assessment of amyloid beta accumulation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients, in relation to longitudinal cognitive changes. Methods: We investigated the change in 18F-Flutemetamol uptake and cognitive impairment in aMCI patients over time up to 3 years which enabled us to investigate possible association between changes in brain amyloid load and cognition over time. 34 patients with aMCI (mean age 73.4 years, SD 6.6) were examined with 18F-Flutemetamol PET scan, brain MRI and cognitive tests at baseline and after 3-year follow-up or earlier if the patient had converted to Alzheimer´s disease (AD). 18F-Flutemetamol data was analysed both with automated region-of-interest analysis and voxel-based statistical parametric mapping (SPM).Results: 18F-flutemetamol uptake increased during the follow-up and the increase was significantly higher in patients who were amyloid positive at baseline as compared to the amyloid negative ones. At follow-up, there was a significant association between 18F-Flutemetamol uptake and MMSE, logical memory I (immediate recall), logical memory II (delayed recall) and verbal fluency. An association was seen between the increase in 18F-Flutemetamol uptake and decline in MMSE and logical memory I scores. Conclusion: This study shows that18F-Flutemetamol uptake is suitable for following up aMCI patients. In particular, presence of amyloid pathology at baseline strongly predicted amyloid accumulation during follow-up, which was further paralleled by cognitive declines. Inversely, some of our patients remained amyloid negative also at the end of the study without significant change in 18F-Flutemetamol uptake. Future studies with longer follow-up are needed to distinguish whether the underlying pathophysiology of aMCI in such patients is other than AD.
Emotion recognition based on weighted kernel support vector machine using wearable inertial sensors
Authors: Zhao Yan , Guo Ming , Chen Xiangyong , Zhao Feng , Qiu Jianlong
Published: May 2022

Emotion recognition has various applications closely linked with people's daily life, such as human-computer interaction and psychotherapy. So this paper focuses on the research of emotion recognition of body movement and proposes a novel emotion recognition approach based on weighted kernel support vector machine (SVM) using wearable inertial sensors. Specifically, the mapping relationship from emotions to body movements is established by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The subjects wear inertial sensors on their arms and wrists to collect data in six emotions including sleepy, bored, excited, tense, anger and distressed. In recognition phase, the weighted kernel SVM model is constructed, in which the fuzzy function is auxiliary to improve the weight calculation method of kernel functions in multiple kernel SVM. It also explores the effect of different combinations of inertial sensors on the recognition. The results show that compared with other methods, the proposed method achieves 98.4% accuracy for six emotions, which is effective and applicable.
A novel method for treatment of complex polydactyly: modified on-top plasty technique
Authors: Liao Wei , Jiang Li , Fan Minjie , Zheng Pengfei
Published: May 2022

Background: Congenital polydactyly is a common deformity of the limbs, and excision of the extra digit has shown good results in the vast majority of patients. However, this treatment approach may not suitable for all cases of polydactyly. For rare types of complex polydactyly, some complex surgical procedures are required to achieve satisfactory correction. The aim of this study was to report a rare type of polydactyly and to describe a novel method that is modified on-top plasty technique for treating it.Results: We performed the first osteotomy at the neck of the metatarsal bone by “grafting” the distal polydactyl digit with the normal axis to the 5th metatarsal bone. Excision of the duplicated toe was accompanied by simultaneous restoration of the 5th toe axis and decrease in the width of the forefoot. Finally, both appearance and function could be improved with this surgical approach. Most importantly, the complete osteoarticular structure and weight-bearing structure of foot were well reconstructed.Conclusions: The modified on-top plasty technique is an effective method for treating this rare type of polydactyly, and it is hoped that this method could provide important assistance in making treatment decision in similar situation in the future.
Alterations of plasma exosomal proteins and metabolites are associated with the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Dinglan Wu , Liu Pengyu , Wang Wenxuan , Wang Fei , Fan Jiaqi , Guo Jinan , Wu Tao , Lu Dongliang , Zhou Qingchun , Liu Zhuohao , Wang Yuliang , Shang Zhiqun , Chan Franky Leung , Yang Wei , Li Xin , Zhao Shanchao , Wang Fei
Published: May 2022

Current diagnosis tools for prostate cancer, such as serum PSA detection and prostate biopsy cannot distinguish dormant tumors from invasive malignancies, either be used as prognosis markers for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Exosomes have been widely investigated as promising biomarkers for various diseases. We aim to characterize the proteomic and metabolomic profiles of exosomes and to evaluate their potential value for the PCa diagnosis, especially CRPC. Integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis were performed for plasma-derived exosomes collected from tumor-free controls, PCa and CRPC patients. The expression of specific exosomal proteins was further validated by targeted 4D-parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. The levels of exosome-derived LRG1 and ITIH3 in the CRPC group were 1.7 and 2.04 times respectively, higher than those in the PCa group (ROC values, 0.84 and 0.85), indicating that LRG1 and ITIH3 could serve as predictive markers for CRPC. For metabolomic evaluation of exosomes, a series of differentially expressed metabolites were identified, and a combined metabolite panel showed a ROC value of 0.94 for distinguishing PCa from TFC and 0.97 for distinguishing CRPC from PCa. Immunohistochemistry of tissue microarray showed that LRG1 protein was significantly upregulated in advanced prostate cancer and functional assay revealed that ectopic expression of LRG1 significantly enhance the malignant phenotype of PCa cells. Furthermore, PCa cell-derived LRG1-overexpressed exosomes remarkably promoted angiogenesis. In conclusion, our results indicated that proteomic and metabolic signatures of exosomes may facilitate discrimination of CRPC from PCa and TFC patients as potential markers. Exosomal LRG1 may involve in PCa malignant progression.
Influence of cancer in pregnancy on obstetric and neonatal outcomes: An observational retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Xuan , Zhang Chen , Zhu Jialei , Li Yueyan , Tang Jing
Published: May 2022

Background: Thus far, no large-scale clinical study on pregnancy with cancer has been conducted in China. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the oncological characteristics and treatment of pregnancy-associated cancers, and analyze the obstetric and neonatal outcomes to provide evidence-based recommendations for reproductive function preservation, oncological treatment, and obstetric management in pregnancy-associated cancer.Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study among pregnant patients with cancer in 7 Chinese tertiary A hospitals during 2003–2021. We conducted multiple logistic regression to determine the influence of various factors on preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age infants, log-binomial regression to analyze temporal changes, and chi-square tests to explore the effects of cancer type/treatment.Results: Of 204 women, 17% terminated their pregnancies; 59% received pre-delivery treatment. Every 6 years, the rates of pregnancy termination ([RR]: 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35–0.67) and iatrogenic preterm births (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54–0.98) reduced, and that of pre-delivery treatment increased, mainly due to increased rates of surgery (RR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.31–2.67). Maternal systemic diseases were related to a higher risk of small-for-gestational-age infants ([OR]: 12.02, 95% CI: 1.82–79.43). Chemotherapy with taxanes plus platinum-based agents was related to adverse obstetric outcomes (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.42–2.46, P < 0.05). Thyroid (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.22–0.57) and ovarian cancer (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50–0.98) were associated with fewer cesarean sections. Thyroid cancer was associated with fetal growth restriction (OR: 5.21, 95% CI: 1.21–22.55).Conclusions: Rates of pregnancy termination in cancer have declined. Taxane plus platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Cancer type influenced outcomes.
The Magnitude of Diabetic Macular Edema and Its Associated Factors among Diabetic Patients at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, North-West Ethiopia, 2021." A Hospital Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tilahun Melkamu , Yitbarek Getachew Yideg , Taderegew Mitku Mammo , Alem Dejene Tsegaye , Gedfew Mihretie , Akalu Tadesse Yirga , Amha Haile , Bishaw Keralem Anteneh , Alamneh Yoseph Merkeb , Awoke Engdaw Tsehay
Published: May 2022

Background
Diabetic macular oedema (DME) is the most common causes of vision loss in diabetics. Despite the fact that the global prevalence of DME is growing, no studies on the burden and risk factors of diabetic macular edema have been conducted in Ethiopia. The goal of this research was to look into the magnitude of diabetic macular edema and its associated factors among diabetic patients at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, North-West Ethiopia, 2021.
Methods
A cross-sectional study with 426 participants was done. They were obtained using a systematic sampling method. The explanatory data was collected from a review the medical records. The subjects' blood pressure, weight, height, and visual acuity were already assessed. Optical coherence tomography has been used to evaluate the funds. For analysis, data was entered into epi-data 3.1 versions and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 25) program. For factor analyses, binary logistic regression with a 95% confidence level was used.
Result
Diabetic macular edema was diagnosed in 26.3% of the 426 individuals. There's none- clinically significant macula oedema in 84 (75%) of them. Visual acuity had been a problem for half of diabetic patients (43.4%). Macular edema was strongly associated with poor glycemic management (AOR (95% CI: 2.97 (1.86,9.76)), hypertension (AOR (95% CI: 2.55 (1.64,6.12)), and longer diabetic duration (AOR ( 95% CI: 3.15 (1.78,7.52)).
Conclusion and recommendation
: Macular oedema is ubiquitous in diabetic patients (26.3%). Diabetic macular edema was found to be positively associated with poor glycemic control, being hypertensive, and having a long history of diabetic illness. Routine assessment of funds, early treatment, health promotion, and early control of risk factors may all be critical in lowering the prevalence and impact of diabetic macular edema.
DeltaMSI: Artificial Intelligence-based modeling of microsatellite instability scoring by next- generation sequencing
Authors: Swaerts Koen , Dedeurwaerdere Franceska , Smet Dieter , De Jaeger Peter , Martens Geert A.
Published: May 2022

Background: DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) testing is crucial for detection of microsatellite unstable (MSI) tumors eligible for immunotherapy. MSI is detected by aberrant indel length distributions of microsatellite marker loci, either by operator-dependent visual inspection of PCR-fragment length profiles or by automated scoring using bioinformatic scripts on next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. The former is time consuming and low-throughput while the latter provides simplified binary scoring of a single parameter, typically the number of discrete integrated peaks of the indel distribution. The aim of this study was to leverage the multi-parametric visual scoring of complex indel distribution panels and high-throughput of automated NGS data analysis into a script trained by artificial intelligence and validate it on a large real-world data set of solid tumors.Results: A script (DeltaMSI) was developed that integrates the full complexity of indel distribution (number of peaks, relative distribution and area under the curve). It was trained on the indel distribution of 36 widely used microsatellite marker loci in a dataset of 133 MMR proficient (pMMR) and 46 dMMR tumor samples, taking loss of MLH1/MSH2/PMS2/MSH6 protein expression measured by immunohistochemistry as independent reference technique. After selection of the optimal modelling and marker panel, the two top-performing models per locus (logistic regression and support vector machine) were then integrated into DeltaMSI for combined prediction of MSI status on 28 marker loci at sample level. A bootstrapping method of 50 simulations was used for training and the final model was evaluated on an independent validation set. Diagnostic performance of DeltaMSI was compared to that of mSINGS, a widely used script for NGS-based MSI detection, with the same bootstrapping method. Finally, we tested the robustness of the optimal model on a large set (N=1072) of unselected, consecutive solid tumor samples in a real-world setting and fine-tuned the thresholding for routine clinical use. Conclusions: DeltaMSI achieved higher robustness at equal diagnostic power (AUC=0.950; 95% CI 0.910-0.976) as compared to mSINGS (AUC=0.876;95%CI 0.823-0.918). Its sensitivity of 90% at 98% specificity indicated its clinical potential for high-throughput MSI screening in all tumor types. Clinical Trial Number/IRB: B1172020000040, Ethical Committee, AZ Delta General Hospital
A 6-month prognostic nomogram incorporating hemoglobin level for intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults
Authors: Yang Yuyan , Huang Shanshan , Jia Yuchao , Song Guini , Ye Xiaodong , Lu Kai , Li Guo , Wang Furong , Zhu Suiqiang
Published: May 2022

Objective—Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common subtype of stroke with higher mortality and morbidity, and it lacks effective 6-month prognostic markers,especially in young patients.The aim of this research is to construct a newly valuable prognostic nomogram model incorporating hemoglobin level for young patients with ICH.Method—Patients aged between 18 and 50 years with first-ever intracerebral hemorrhageselected from Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January1,2012 to December 31,2018.We retrospectively analyzed 565 young patients with ICH. The independent factors of prognosis were identiﬁed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Then，based on independent risk factors,a new nomogram model was further constructed and validated. Its clinical value was subsequently explored utilizing decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve.Results—A total of 565 patients were enrolled in this study.There were 117 patients (20.7%) who developed unfavourable prognosis. Infratentorial lesion(adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=3.708,95%confidence interval [CI],1.490-9.227; P=0.005)was most signiﬁcant with unfavourable outcome.Age([aOR]=1.054;95%CI,1.014-1.096;P=0.008),hematoma volume(aOR=1.014,95%CI,1.002-1.027;P=0.024),hemoglobin(aOR=0.981,95% CI,0.969-0.993;P=0.002),blood glucose(aOR=1.135,95%CI,1.037-1.241; P=0.005)and NIHSS(aOR=1.105,95%CI,1.069-1.141;P<0.001) were independent rish factors.Based on these 6 factors,a reliable nomogram was constructed for the prediction of unfavourable prognosis in our study(C-index=0.791). Decision curve analysis and clincal impact curve showed showed an increased net beneﬁt for utilizing the nomogram.Conclusion—The hemoglobin level at admission may be an easily overlooked factor in clinical work.This new nnomogram model could be a promising and convient tool to predict the early functional prognosis of in young people with ICH.In addition, more prospective multicenter studies are needed to cestimate these findings.
Finding Memo: Versatile interactions of the VPS10p receptors in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Salasova Alena , Monti Giulia , Andersen Olav Michael , Nykjaer Anders
Published: May 2022

The family of VPS10p receptors comprises five members named SorLA, Sortilin, SorCS1, SorCS2 and SorCS3. While their physiological roles remain largely unresolved, they are now recognized for their signaling engagements and trafficking abilities, navigating a number of molecules between endosome, Golgi compartments, and the cell surface. Strikingly, recent studies connected all the VPS10p receptors to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, they have been also associated with diseases comorbid with AD such as diabetes mellitus and major depressive disorder. This systematic review therefore elaborates on genetic, functional, and mechanistic insights into how dysfunction in VPS10p receptors may contribute to AD etiology, AD onset diversity, and AD comorbidities. Starting with their functions in controlling cellular trafficking of Amyloid precursor protein and the metabolism of the Amyloid beta peptide, we present and exemplify how these receptors, despite being structurally similar, regulate various and distinct cellular events involved in AD. This includes a plethora of signaling crosstalks that impact on neuronal survival, neuronal wiring, neuronal polarity, and synaptic plasticity. Signaling activities of the VPS10p receptors are especially linked, but not limited to, the regulation of neuronal fitness and apoptosis via their physical interaction with pro- and mature neurotrophins and their receptors. By compiling the functional versatility of VPS10p receptors and their interactions with AD-related pathways, we aim to further propel the AD research towards VPS10p receptor family, knowledge that may lead to new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for AD patients.
Orthopedic rehabilitation after computer assisted surgical reconstruction of the mandible using deep circumflex iliac artery grafts – a cross sectional study
Authors: Brandenburg Leonard Simon , Voss Pit Jacob , Mischkowsky Thomas , Kühle Jan , Ermer Michael Andreas , Weingart Julia Vera , Rothweiler René Marcel , Metzger Marc Christian , Schmelzeisen Rainer , Poxleitner Philipp
Published: May 2022

Background: Computer Assisted Design and Computer Assisted Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has revolutionized oncologic surgery of the head and neck. A multitude of benefits of this technique has been described, but there are only few reports of donor site comorbidity following CAD/CAM surgery. Methods: This study investigated comorbidity of the hip following deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) graft raising using CAD/CAM techniques. A cross-sectional examination was performed to determine range of motion, muscle strength and nerve disturbances. Furthermore, correlations between graft volume and skin incision length with postoperative orthopedic rehabilitation were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation, linear regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: Fifteen patients with a mean graft volume of 21.2 ± 5.7 cm3 and a mean incision length of 228.0 ± 30.0 mm were included. Patients reported of noticeable physical limitations in daily life activities (12.3 ± 11.9 weeks) and athletic activities (38.4 ± 40.0 weeks in mean) following surgery. Graft volume significantly correlated with the duration of the use of walking aids (R = 0.57; p = 0.033) and impairment in daily life activities (R = 0.65; p = 0.012). The length of the scar of the donor-site showed a statistically significant association with postoperative iliohypogastric nerve deficits (F = 4.4, p = 0.037). Patients with anaesthaesia of a peripheral cutaneous nerve had a larger mean scar length (280 ± 30.0 mm) than subjects with hypaesthesia (245 ± 10.1 mm) or no complaints (216 ± 27.7 mm). Conclusions: Despite sophisticated planning options in modern CAD/CAM surgery comorbidity of the donor site following microsurgery is still a problem. This study is the first to investigate comorbidity after DCIA graft raising in a patient group treated exclusively with CAD/CAM techniques. The results indicate that a minimal invasive approach in terms of small graft volumes and small skin incisions could help to reduce postoperative symptomatology.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00029066); registration date: 23/05/2022.
Reconstruction and Differential Expression Profile Analysis of the CircRNA-MiRNA- MRNA Network Based on Competitive Endogenous RNA in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Xu Sai , Chen Shouqiang , Zhang Menghe , An Wenrong , Li Jie , Sun Zhenhai , Xu Yunsheng
Published: May 2022

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is among the common autoimmune disease worldwide. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are members of the noncoding RNA family (NcRNAs), in addition to its role in numerous biological processes, they are also linked to a vast range of diseases, including UC. Although previous studies looking at many circRNAs, we are still unclear about the physiological and pathological roles of the circRNAs-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in UC. Based on this, we constructed a circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network based on the ceRNA theory by analyzing from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI-GEO) database. Genes with higher degrees than others in the ceRNA network were selected as central nodes in constructing the corresponding core subnetworks. In order to fully comprehend the biological function of the ceRNA network, we entered all differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) which from the ceRNA network into the Database for Annotation and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) for GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analyses and the STRING for PPI: protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, genes with the degree value > 5 were defined as the hub genes in the regulatory network. In a nutshell, the ceRNA network was composed of 403 circRNA nodes, 5 miRNA nodes, 138 mRNA nodes and 559 edges. 3 core ceRNA subnetworks centered on hsa-miR-342-3p, hsa-miR-199a-5p and hsa-miR-142-3p were reconstructed. The results elucidated that enrichment of 167 GO categories and 14 KEGG pathway terms. The core PPI network was made up of 15 core targets, of which CD44, HIF1A and MMP2 were the most significant core targets. Overall, this study offered a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the fundamental roles that the ceRNA network played in UC, the hub nodes derived from this research may also serve as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.