bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRIME AGAINST WOMEN IN STATES OF SOUTHERN REGION OF INDIA: REALITY VS. GOVERNMENT POLICIES
Authors: Sarkar Sukanta
Published: June 2024

The paper discussed crime against women in states of southern region of India. It has found that comparatively more crimes are registered in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana than the other states in the region. Least number of crime are reported in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Highest cases of murder with rape/gang rape are reported in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Kerala and Telangana has the highest incidences and victims of rape. The highest incidences of IPC crimes against women is reported in Andhra Pradesh followed by Telangana and Karnataka. On the other hand, least incidences of such crime is reported in Tamil Nadu preceded by Kerala. The highest incidences of total SLL crimes against women is reported in Karnataka followed by Tamil Nadu and Kerala. On the other hand, least incidences and victims of such crime is reported in Andhra Pradesh preceded by Telangana. Andhra Pradesh has the highest incidences of total crime against women (IPC+SLL) followed by Telangana and Karnataka. On the other hand, least incidences and victims of such crimes is reported in Tamil Nadu preceded by Kerala. Although Government has passed and implemented various regulations and laws, but violence against women is still exist. Therefore, there should be proper implementation and amendment of laws for reducing crimes against women in the society.
Use of Big Data in Political Communication Analysis: Forming a Targeting and Electorate Segmentation Strategy
Authors: Dharta Firdaus Yuni , Purwosusanto Hery , Yodiansyah Hefri , Setiawati Rahmi , Aprilinda Aprilinda
Published: June 2024

In this digital era, political communication has become increasingly complex with the emergence of various social media platforms and information technology. This allows for greater interaction between political leaders, parties and the electorate. In this context, the use of Big Data has become crucial in collecting, analyzing and understanding the political behavior patterns of the electorate. This research aims to explore the use of Big Data in the context of political communication analysis, especially in forming targeting and electorate segmentation strategies. Through this approach, it is hoped that an effective method can be found in understanding mass political preferences. This research uses a qualitative and quantitative approach by analyzing Big Data data from various social media platforms, online surveys and other digital data sources. Statistical analysis and machine learning techniques are also used to identify patterns of electoral behavior. The research results show that the use of Big Data in political communication analysis provides deep insight into the preferences and needs of the electorate. By utilizing available data, targeting and electorate segmentation strategies can be prepared more precisely and effectively. The conclusion of this research is the analysis of political communication, the use of Big Data has proven its value in forming targeting and electorate segmentation strategies. With an integrated approach between qualitative and quantitative data, political leaders and parties can better understand political dynamics and increase the effectiveness of communication with the electorate.
Society in the Digital Era: Adaptation, Change, and Response to Communication Technology
Authors: Ganiem Leila Mona , Setiawati Rahmi , Suardi Suardi , Nurhayai Nurhayai , Ramdhani Rahmat
Published: June 2024

In the current digital era, communication technology has gradually changed the social landscape. Society faces pressure to adapt to rapid technological developments, which can affect interaction and communication patterns. This research aims to investigate how society adapts, experiences change, and responds to communication technology in the context of the digital era. The focus is to understand the impact of technology on social dynamics, as well as the strategies used by individuals and communities in dealing with these changes. This research method was carried out through a qualitative approach, using in-depth interviews and participant observation to collect data. The research sample was selected purposively, covering various different levels of society in the context of communication technology. The research results show that society experiences various levels of adaptation to communication technology, from acceptance to resistance. Changes in communication and social interaction patterns were identified, along with the adoption of new technologies and shifts in cultural values. The conclusions of this research illustrate the complexity of social dynamics in the digital era, where adaptation, change and response to communication technology play a key role in shaping patterns of human interaction. A deeper understanding of these processes can help in developing more effective strategies for managing the impact of technology in modern society
Role of BKCa channels in pial vessel dilation in rats of different ages
Authors: Shuvaeva V.N. , Gorshkova O.P.
Published: June 2024

Studying the mechanisms of age-related changes in vascular reactions and applying the acquired
knowledge in the clinic can help reduce complications and mortality from diseases of the
cardiovascular system, the frequency of which increases with age. This study is important because with aging, endothelial dysfunction increases and cerebral circulation disorders caused
by the occurrence of ischemic foci are observed. One of the main elements in the regulation of
vascular tone, along with many important mechanisms, are potassium ion channels. In this
work, we studied age-related changes in the role of calcium-activated potassium channels
(BKCa) in acetylcholine-mediated dilatation of cerebral arteries in Wistar rats, since their
contribution to vasodilation in aging is poorly understood. Using intravital microphotography
(×470), we compared the responses of pial arteries to acetylcholine chloride (ACh, 10-7 M,
5 min) in the absence and against the background of BKCa blockade with tetraethylammonium
chloride (TEA, 2 mM, 5 min) in aged Wistar rats 4, 6, 9, 18 and 24 months. Changes in the
contribution of BKCa to vascular dilatation were assessed by changes in the number of dilatations
of the pial arteries on the exposure to ACh after BKCa blockade, measuring the width of vessels
in 3 separate groups of arteries: small (with a diameter of less than 20 μm), medium (20–40 μm)
and large (more than 40 μm). It has been shown that ACh-induced dilatation depends on the
initial diameter of the arteries. Inhibition of BKCa activity in 4-month-old rats reduces the
number of ACh-induced dilatations in all groups of arteries studied. Compared to 4-month-old
rats, in 6- and 18-month-old rats the contribution of BKCa channels to the dilatation of small
arteries is reduced, in 9- and 24-month-old rats the contribution of BKCa channels to the
dilatation of medium arteries is increased; the contribution of BKCa to the dilatation of large
arteries decreases starting from 6 months of age. Dilatation of the pial arteries of Wistar rats at
the age of 4–24 months depends on the initial diameter of the vessel. BKCa play a significant role
in ACh-mediated dilatation of these vessels. Age-related impairments in the contribution of
these channels to ACh-mediated dilatation of pial arteries develop gradually, have a wave-like
course and depend on the diameter of the arteries. The identified disturbances in the functional
activity of the BKCa can serve as therapeutic targets for the creation of new technologies for the
treatment of age-related lesions of cerebral vessels.
Moszkóvia rövid története, valamint más, kevésbé ismert országok leírása, amelyek Oroszországtól keletre fekszenek egészen Kínáig : Szemtanúk különböző írásai alapján összegyűjtve
Authors: Milton John
Published: June 2024

John Milton posztumusz kiadott, Moszkóvia rövid története (A Brief History of Moscovia, 1682) című prózai műve a 17. századi angol történetírás igazi kuriózuma, amelyben az Elveszett Paradicsom szerzője a korabeli tudósításokra és útleírásokra támaszkodva áttekinti Oroszország történetét, földrajzát, az ott élő népek szokásait, valamint az angol-orosz kapcsolatok alakulását. A művet a Milton-kritika több szempontból is fontosnak tartja: lényeges adalékokkal szolgál Milton politikai gondolkodásának megismeréséhez, kitűnő összefoglalóját adja az Oroszországgal kapcsolatos kora újkori nyugati tudásanyagnak és elképzeléseknek, és stilisztikailag is érdekes: egyaránt tetten érhető benne az egyszerűségre való törekvés és Milton vonzódása a grandiózus barokk tablókhoz. A jelen kötet korszerű magyar fordításban közli Milton művét, amelynek értelmezését alapos kommentár, kísérőtanulmányok és a földrajzi neveket magyarázó kislexikon segíti.
Contemporary steel-concrete hybrid bridges in Poland: examples of small and mid span length structures
Authors: Bartoszek Błażej , Lorenc Wojciech , Stempniewicz Adam
Published: June 2024

The paper presents examples of design and implementation of bridges with small span, using the advantages of hybrid cross-sections and elements. The following chapters discuss the design solutions used in individual cases
The oldest concrete bridge in Poland is in Szczecin!
Authors: Biliszczuk Jan , Hildebrand Maciej , Januszkiewicz Krystyna , Teichgraeber Marco
Published: June 2024

The article presents a short history and basic parameters of the oldest concrete bridge in Poland. It is located near Szmaragdowe Lake near Szczecin. It was built in 1890 as part of the infrastructure of a mine and cement plant
Historical bridges in Pakistan
Authors: GHANI MUHAMMAD USMAN , HAMZA MUHAMMAD , ULLAH RAHAT , TOQUEER MUHAMMAD , BASHEER DANISH , ABBASS MUHAMMAD JAMSHED
Published: June 2024

Bridges play a very important role in the country's economy, as they allow easy transport of goods and passengers through difficult-to-travel areas. They also give a general picture of technological advancement in the land construction sector in the country. With the advancement of civil engineering technology, several materials and technologies have found their way into bridge construction, where bricks, concrete, and steel have been used and different structural configurations are used as needed. These configurations include slab, beam, arch, truss, suspension and cable-stayed bridges. It is important to pay attention to significant bridges in a country and consistently collect available statistical and historical data. This can be useful for future authors and researchers to easily navigate this data and use it for further research, as it is easily accessible consistently on one platform. This paper aims to provide such a platform by listing the most important bridges to Pakistan's growing economy. Several bridges in Pakistan are presented, their history, technical specifications and historical significance. The bridges are shown in chronological order to provide a clear and understandable narrative. Pakistan has been observed to have some remarkable bridges statistically and historically due to the development of the civil engineering sector during pre-independence and post-independence in 1947
Bridge Weigh-in-Motion systems – state of the art
Authors: Mróz Aleksander , Kamiński Tomasz
Published: June 2024

The article provides a review of Bridge Weigh-in-Motion systems for identifying operational loads. It discusses the basic methods of vehicle identification in the system, along with determining the purpose, advantages, and weaknesses of each method. The article also presents a classification of algorithms for vehicle pressure identification systems, considering the accuracy of results and highlighting the individual characteristic features of each approach
Viaducts along Trasa Łazienkowska across Paryska Street in Warsaw after fifty years of exploitation
Authors: Zobel Henryk , Wróbel Marcin
Published: June 2024

Viaducts along Trasa Łazienkowska (municipal expressway) in Warsaw are used almost 50 years. Their technical behavior is critical. The paper presents causes of making decision to demolish them and build new one
Creating digital twins of bridges based on test loads
Authors: Łaziński Piotr , Jasiński Marcin , Korus Kamil , Piotrowski Dawid , Uściłowski Mateusz
Published: June 2024

The paper presents the definition, framework, and possible implementation of the digital twin concept in the field of building asset management, including bridge facilities. The assumptions and stages of its creation are described, indicating the role of load testing in the validation and updating as one of the key components of the entire system. Using the example of a real bridge, the possibility of using the BIM model in the process of generating a computational model, the results of load tests and the process of calibration of the FEA model are described, with particular emphasis on the role of the verified BIM and FEA models in the digital twin framework
Method of identification of deformability of concrete in the process of bridge construction
Authors: Łaziński Piotr , Krząkała Jakub , Grządziela Grzegorz
Published: June 2024

The paper presents the current approach in standards for determining the deformability of concrete, which is related to laboratory tests and does not take into account the significant influences prevailing during erection. The process of constructing concrete bridges requires consideration of the conditions prevailing during concreting and the concrete curing period. The influence of the heat of setting of concrete, the short time to introduce prestressing force and the conditions prevailing during concrete maturation require special methods for identifying the deformability of concrete. Recalling the tests carried out on an actual structure, an in-house method for determining the elastic modulus of concrete for decision-making in the bridge construction process is described
Evaluation of the interoperability of the existing arch bridge on the high-speed railway line supported by field studies
Authors: Pradelok Stefan , Poprawa Grzegorz , Zajchowski Bartosz , Kędzierski Andrzej
Published: June 2024

The article deals with the interoperability of bridges and is limited to issues related to the impact of rolling stock on bridges. The tied-arch viaduct was analyzed. The authors checked the ability of the structure to carry out railway traffic using electric multiple unit trains from both the Poland and Czech Republic, which are capable of reaching speeds above 200 km/h. The conducted analyses were preceded by field tests, including the use of Operational Modal Analysis to identify the dynamic properties of the structure and the successive FEM model updating. The updated model was used to simulate the high-speed passage of real trains
Application of multi-level electromagnetic profiling for the location of underground transmission systems
Authors: Dylong Karolina
Published: June 2024

This article explores how geophysical methods can help overcome a common issue in construction projects. Specifically, the electromagnetic method is used to identify anomalies in the electromagnetic field produced by the device. The survey aims to locate subterranean transmissions in the designated area and provide crucial information on their depth. To match linear anomalies with underground utilities, GPS data is integrated with the base map. The electromagnetic field response of surface objects outside the survey area may also be observed. While the electromagnetic method is an effective tool for determining foundation depth and linear object location, it is essential to monitor their range and any changes in the field
Organization of ship traffic during dredging works on a selected section of the Świnoujście – Szczecin fairway
Authors: Filina - Dawidowicz Ludmiła , Durczak Wojciech
Published: June 2024

The need to carry out dredging works within the framework of the “Modernization of the Świnoujście-Szczecin fairway to a depth of 12.5 meters” project on the Świnoujście – Szczecin fairway forced the need to change the organization of ship traffic on this fairway. The purpose of the article is to assess the organization of ship traffic on a selected section of the Świnoujście – Szczecin fairway after the introduction of new solution for its organization during dredging works. An analysis of vessel traffic density maps and traffic time records along the selected section of fairway during its dredging was carried out in the article. It was found that the solution introduced during the dredging of the selected section of the fairway did not contribute to delays in the movement of ships entering and leaving the ports of Szczecin and Police. The research results can be used by seaports planning dredging works using non-standard solutions
Evaluation of the load bearing capacity of the wood framed shear wall supported by the FEM model
Authors: Malesza Jarosław
Published: June 2024

The paper presents the procedure for checking the load bearing capacity and deflection of the wood framed shear wall with sheathing, subjected to a horizontal load. The applied calculation procedures force a modern engineer to reach for foreign guidelines, often from North American countries. Their interpretation is inconsistent, as it is presented. The design process was supplemented with a numerical analysis of the structure. The method of selecting the parameters of the FEM model was described, and the results were referred to the engineering analysis. The FEM model was used to reveal the stress image in the structure and to eliminate inappropriate design solutions
Innovativeness of technological solutions of ecological cellars
Authors: Partyka Jacek , Kokocińska-Pakiet Elżbieta , Przybyłko Grzegorz
Published: June 2024

The paper presents the general characteristics of cellars (dugouts) as underground facilities with the main purpose of storing food products in order to extend their durability. The advantages of the functioning of the facilities and the benefits associated with their operation were indicated. Attention was paid to the construction of objects in a natural environment and continuous contact with nature. Moreover, issues related to the difficulties in clearly defining the basic formal requirements for cellars or dugouts were raised, taking into account the current regulations in this regard. The work also reviews the technologies used during the construction of underground storage facilities of the dugout type. On the example of cellars made in the PwK technology, it was indicated on the innovativeness of material and technical solutions used in the construction of cellars. Due to the great potential of the PwK technology, interesting development trends and manufacturers plans were presented. The entire study is summarized with conclusions regarding the development and improvement of material and technical solutions used in the construction of cellars (dugouts) in PwK technology
Comparisson of design methods for robustness on the example of a selected RC frame structure
Authors: Szylak Kamil
Published: June 2024

In the paper are presented the selected design for robustness methods in accidental situations, which are based on the limiting the extent of localized failure strategy: key element method, alternative load path method and designing supported by risk analysis. Using the selected method the selected structure are designed in accidental situations, in which one of the load-bearing elements are damaged (column, beam etc.). For each of these methods the quantity of materials for load-bearing elements, reliability and level of risk are compare to the value for structure designed in permanent situation. In order to choose the most suitable method of designing for robustness for RC frame structure in the accidental situations all these parame-ters are compared. The results of analysis show the advantage of the designing supported by the risk analysis method
Behaviour of eaves joint in cold-formed steel portal frame based on DIC measurements
Authors: Budziński Rafał , Ślęczka Lucjan
Published: June 2024

The joints of the portal frames made of cold-formed profiles have a different structural form compared to the joints made of hot-rolled rolled sections. For this reason, they are usually classified as semi-rigid and partial strength. The paper draws attention to the phases of joint behaviour resulting from the use of category A bolted lap joints, presents the sources of their deformation, and searches for the instantaneous centre of rotation of both connections in the joint. All these characteristics were observed during experimental tests and detailed measurements were made using digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. The M- response of two moment-resisting joints was investigated, where back-to-back channel sections with dimensions 450×80×4 were applied, with steel grade S355
Load capacity analysis of unsymmetrical welded overlay connection
Authors: Czepiżak Dariusz , Ignatowicz Rajmund
Published: June 2024

The paper analyses the load capacity of an atypical tensile connection with an overlay placed asymmetrically and welded to the connected flat bars with a 3 mm thick one-sided L-shaped fillet weld. Tensile force is applied to the axis of the flat bars. In this asymmetrical connection, a double eccentricity of load transfer appears. The purpose of the analysis is to check whether standard norm models to estimate the load capacity of these connections are appropriate and safe. The article compares the results of the analysis according to Eurocode 3, the SOFiSTiK program, IDEA StatiCa program, and the experimental tests. Eurocode 3 calculation procedures proved to be conservative. The estimation of the load carrying capacity of the joint closest to the results of experimental studies was obtained in the SOFiSTiK program
En Eurocodes second generation, FprEN 1993-1-8 – Eurocode 3: design of steel structures – part 1-8: Joints
Authors: GIRÃO COELHO ANA M.
Published: June 2024

The revision of Structural Eurocodes started in 2015, following an agreement between the European Commission and CEN from 2012. This paper gives an overview of the key changes introduced in each section of the second generation of part 1-8 of Eurocode 3, which gives methods for the design of steel joints and is currently submitted for formal vote of countries
The influence of selected parameters of corrugated sheeting on the cooperation with hall structure
Authors: Górski Marcin , Musiał Wiktor
Published: June 2024

An analysis of the influence of selected factors on the effectiveness of the cooperation of corrugated sheet with an example steel hall structure has been shown in this paper. A spatial beam model were used in calculations. The spacing of seam and sheet-to-shear connector fasteners, the type of sheet-to-purlin fastener and the type of purlin-to-girder connection were taken into account. Optimal structural solutions for the analyzed sheething of the hall were determined
Experimental study on the slip factor coefficient of wet and dry hot-dip galvanised surfaces
Authors: Jastrzębski Kamil , Ślęczka Lucjan
Published: June 2024

Slip factor tests were carried out for samples made of hot-dip galvanised steel sheets. They were made for dry and wet contact surfaces, according to the procedure described in Annex G of the PN-EN 1090-2 standard. The research consisted of loading the test specimens with a monotonic tensile force. The preload force in the bolts was measured before and after the test. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the coefficient of friction of dry surfaces has a slightly lower value than for samples whose surfaces were soaked before the test by placing them in water for about 12 hours
Implementation of a digital image correlation system in the research of steel structure joints
Authors: Kozłowski Aleksander , Kukla Damian , Nykiel Damian
Published: June 2024

The paper presents problems and challenges in measuring the displacements and strains of steel structure joints using digital image correlation system. A beam-to-column bolted extended end-plate joints were tested under static loading until failure. An Aramis 2D digital image correlation system, inductive sensors, inclinometers and electrical resistive strain gauges were used to measure the displacement and strains of the element. Strains values obtained by electrical resistive strain gauging and digital image correlation were compared
Longitudinal stiffness of flange joints
Authors: Leń Dariusz
Published: June 2024

The paper presents a calculation procedure in accordance with the principles of the component method, which allows determining the initial stiffness of flange joints loaded by a tensile force. Validation of the proposed analytical approach was carried out using the finite element method. The method presented in the paper allows for a relatively easy determination of the initial stiffness of the flange joints with quite good accuracy
Experimental study of steel double-lap shear joints with resin-injected bolts
Authors: Woźniczka Piotr
Published: June 2024

Selected results of experimental tests of steel double-lap shear joints with resin-injected bolts are presented. The test carried out covered 9 specimens with M16 class 8.8 bolts. Specimens were made in accordance with the PN-EN 1090-2 standard. Two-component epoxy gelcoat resin was used for the injection. Compressive strength of the resin declared by the manufacturer is equal to 110–120 MPa. The analyzed joints were subjected to short-term and long-term loads. The influence of the size of the bolt holes on the load capacity of the joint was also taken into account. Based on conducted research, the mean values and coefficients of variation of the load capacity of analyzed joint type were determined. The results of experimental tests were compared to the results of calculations carried out according to the PN-EN 1993-1-8 standard
Calculation model of a steel industrial hall in mining area
Authors: Gremza Grzegorz , Zamorowski Jan
Published: June 2024

Interactions between foundations and ground subjected to deformations in mining area depend on the difference between displacements of the ground and flexible settled structure, subjected to dead load, climatic loads and soil action on its foundation. For such load cases, elastic-plastic computational model of the foundation-ground system with a horizontal plastic yield plateau easily implementable into engineering computer programs to perform static analysis of frame systems flexible settled in areas exposed to the continuous mining deformations were described. Based on these models, an iterative solution was used to evaluate the impact of the flexible foundation of a single-storey industrial building in deforming soil on the internal forces distribution
Foundation of buildings on reinforced cushions with reinforced concreto grids
Authors: Ihnatov Siergey
Published: June 2024

In recent years, builders more and more often have to build foundations in large cities and neighboring territories in undeveloped areas in Belarus, which were previously (25-30 years ago) considered as areas where development was not possible due to ground instability or there was ground strengthening need. This all resulted building construction cost increase. The materials of the article describes two objects (an industrial building and a 5-storey building from a complex of residential buildings) their basements reinforcement, the geological conditions, basement reinforcement solutions, foundations load field tests results, as well as a comparison of the measured settlements value with their calculated values
What stirrups should be used in corbels at shear slenderness a/d = 0.5?
Authors: Krawczyk Łukasz
Published: June 2024

The aim of the paper was to determine the influence of stirrups on load capacity of corbels at shear slenderness a/d = 0.5. In ATENA models with the same geometry and various additional reinforcement were created. The results of load capacity calculated using the nonlinear method were lower than the experimental result and higher than the code resistance. The beneficial effect of stirrups on the load capacity of the corbels was confirmed
Assessment of selected, standardized bond models of FRP composites for concrete strengthening
Authors: Krzywoń Rafał
Published: June 2024

Bond is one of the key issues determining the effectiveness of external composite strengthening of a concrete structure. The standards used in designing use various mathematical models to predict the bond strength of FRP overlays. The results obtained in the calculations may differ even two times. The paper presents an assessment of the accuracy of bond force prediction for selected design guidelines. The results of over 800 samples taken from the literature were used for comparison. The results of analyses show that the best bond model is recomended by the Swiss standard SIA166 and CNR-DT200
Excessive cracks in an industrial floor – genesis and relevance of the phenomenon
Authors: Noakowski Piotr
Published: June 2024

Pathological behavior of a floor in a large industrial hall is presented in this paper. The failure was determined by numerous and wide cracks which formed shortly after the concreting. Due to the fear regarding the further operation the owner commissioned the clarification of the genesis and relevance of the case to the author. Appropriate investigations and analyses have proved that several mistakes in the floor design were responsible for the poor performance of the floor
Acceptable reliability of building structures
Authors: Woliński Szczepan
Published: June 2024

The article presents comments on the principles, scientific basis and consequences of using the acceptable level of reliability in the framework of the partial coefficient method adopted in the current version of the Eurocodes. On the basis of Polish statistics of construction disasters and statistics on the causes of fatal accidents in Poland, the reliability of structures observed over the last 26 years was estimated. An assessment of the impact of the coefficient values adopted in the EN and their values corrected in the National Annexes of 20 EU and EFTA countries on the probability of failure (exceeding the ULS) of selected structural elements was also presented. The results of analyses and calculations confirm the opinion that designing of structures using the partial coefficient method is burdened with many serious disadvantages and requires considering the possibility of making far-reaching changes, including the possibility of using even simplified probabilistic methods
Methodology for assessing the bonding of the repair layer with the concrete floor using non-destructive techniques and artificial neural networks
Authors: Czarnecki Sławomir
Published: June 2024

Concrete floors require surface repair after a certain period of use. After the worn-out near-surface layer of concrete is removed, a concrete repair layer, usually of variable thickness, is applied in its place. The effectiveness of the repair made in this way, in the sense of bonding, which is measured by adhesion when peeling off, is assessed in construction practice by the tearing off method. In the assessed places, the repaired layer is damaged. These places need repair. This is a drawback that usually results in limiting the number of places tested, which makes the repair control ineffective. In order to eliminate this shortcoming, the article proposes a non-destructive assessment of adhesion for tearing off the repair layer from the surface of the repaired floor. This method is based on the complementary use of several non-destructive methods, and then “associating” the results obtained with their help using artificial intelligence. The article presents the developed original methodology for such an assessment
The effect of initial water content on properties of the kaolin-fly ash mixture
Authors: Knapik-Jajkiewicz Karolina
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the tests results performed on samples of fine grained soil and fly ash from fluidized bed combustion, added in quantity 40%. Mixes were prepared with the use of distilled water in amount necessary to obtain water content equal to 50% and 100%. The performed tests included thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, the pH measurements, oedometer tests and calculations of permeability coefficient based on the oedometer tests. A silight effect of the initial water content on the pH value and the phase composition of the mixes were observed. The calculated values of permeability coefficient indicate higher water conductivity of the mix with high initial water content and a reduction of permeability during first 7 days of curing time, regardless of the initial water content. Oedometer tests confirm reduction of the compressibility of both mixes with 50% and 100% water content over the time. However, the use of high values of vertical load may lead to the collapse of structure previously strengthened and high volumetric strains may be observed with load increment
Compensating for displacements in curtain walling due to subsidence and tilting of buildings located in mining and post-mining areas
Authors: Kucharski Michał , Dohojda Marek
Published: June 2024

Due to mining damage, building structures are at high risk of uneven foundation settlement,resulting in significant horizontal and vertical displacement, which in turn affects the ability to install curtainwalling. To counteract this, it is necessary to consider the possibilities of compensation in façade systems,and in particular with large-format glazing, where the change in building geometry is most significant anddeformation of the glazing or its cracking from occurring displacements in the plane of the façade is mostlikely. This paper describes the displacement compensation solutions used in curtain walling.
Inventory of a building object using Scan-to-BIM technology
Authors: Leśniak Agnieszka , Zima Krzysztof , Skrzypczak Izabela , Mrówczyńska Maria , Oleniacz Grzegorz
Published: June 2024

Laser scanning 3D technology has almost unlimited opportunities of application in many disciplines of modern civil engineering. Obtaining a point cloud using laser scanning and creating 3D models allows producing a highly detailed 3D computer image of a measuring facility. Obtaining a cloud of points as a result of laser scanning and its use to create 3D models of building objects allows for the development of a detailed, three-dimensional image. The use of data obtained with this technology has not only a practical dimension, but also creates wide opportunities for conducting scientific research. It enables the development of inventory documentation, conducting structural analyses and supports the facility management process. In the paper, the problem of measurements and modelling of an existing building object with the use of 3D laser scanning was taken up. For this purpose, the so-called Scan-to-BIM methodology was used and, as a result, a 3D model of the analysed building was developed. Particular attention was paid to the assessment of object mapping errors. Direct measurements of selected geometry elements were made and deviations in relation to real dimensions were determined. Basic measures of statistical accuracy assessment were used to analyse the results. The obtained results showed that the accuracy of identifying the length of selected elements of the existing building and their length from the digital model is a maximum of 1cm
Evaluation of the impact of selected material and technological parameters of dowel bars on the behaviour of Portland Cement Concrete pavement
Authors: Łazarowicz Maksymiljan , Krzemiński Jacek , Jaskuła Piotr
Published: June 2024

In the last 10 years it has been seen a significant increase the application of Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavements on the national highway network. The leading technology among cement concrete pavements are the dowelled and anchored ones. The distinctive feature of this solution is the division of the homogeneous pavement into a series of slabs by means of contraction and construction joints. Their purpose is to prevent the formation of random shrinkage cracks. The incorporation of dowels and anchors, on the other hand, improves the road load-bearing capacity determined by a measure of the cooperation of the slabs and also ensures that the slabs move freely due to thermal loading. The correct operation of dowels depends on their embedment, the material from which they are made, or geometric parameters such as length, diameter or cross-sectional shape. In this paper, a literature review is carried out to determine the influence of the dowel bar parameters on the behaviour of cement concrete pavements
Numerical analysis of behaviour of underground gas pipeline under specified dynamic inputs
Authors: Okroj Paweł , Hulimka Jacek
Published: June 2024

The paper discusses a method for evaluation of the dynamic loads acting on an underground gas pipeline fully embedded in the ground. The method is based on a numerical computational analysis of the soil with pipeline system and the measurement of vibrations of the top ground plane above the pipeline analysed. The approach, supported by exemplary results, complies with the current standard and is a safe alternative to direct vibration measurements which require excavating and placing measurement sensors directly on the pipeline structure
On the usefulness of the MNA/LBA analysis to determine the slenderness of the shells of steel tanks
Authors: Słowiński Kamil , Piekarczyk Marek
Published: June 2024

The article presents a solution to the problematic issues related to the interpretation of the results of LBA and MNA analyses in the context of their use to assess the relative slenderness of the wind-loaded shells of floating roof tanks. The obtained results indicated that the plastic load capacity determined from the physically non-linear analysis (MNA) can be used to assess the slenderness of only a part of the analysed shells. It was also noted that it is sufficiently accurate to estimate the plastic resistance based on the results of the linear analysis
The idea of a circular economy and climate change mitigation in road construction
Authors: Gasik-Kowalska Natalia , Gryszpanowicz Piotr
Published: June 2024

The authors presented the idea of circular economy in relation to road construction, reviewed the equipment and technologies supporting circular economy. Pointed out current trends in the use of recycled materials in road investments, such as the use of rubber granules obtained from recycled tires. They also showed the impact of the use of waste in road investments on the climate.
Post-fire strength testing for S355J2+N steel grade
Authors: Maślak Mariusz , Stankiewicz Marek , Woźniczka Piotr , Zajdel Paulina
Published: June 2024

The results of post-fire strength tests performed for samples made of S355J2+N low-carbon structural steel, with ferritic-pearlitic microstructure, have been presented and widely discussed. The conclusion was based on the static tensile tests, carried out on samples cooled down after their prior exposure to fire temperature. Different duration of the fire incidents as well as various temperature levels of the material heating and also differentiated ways of its cooling down after the fire exposure were considered. The fire impact was simulated in an isothermal, steady-state heating regime
Estimation of the load capacity of RC beams strengthened with CFRP composites
Authors: Michałowska-Maziejuk Dorota , Goszczyńska Barbara
Published: June 2024

The article presents a proposal for a simple method of estimating the load-bearing capacity of RC beams strengthened with CFRP strips, based on the results of experimental tests of 10 beams. Tests of two reference beams and eight beams strengthened with CFRP strips glued into the concrete cover (NSMR method) were carried out by simulating the real conditions of strengthening. The beams were strengthened under sustained loading were the strip was applied in the bottom side. The beam load-bearing capacity results obtained from the tests were compared with the calculation results based on the proposed simple method. To estimate the load-bearing capacity, the strength of concrete and steel from the accompanying tests and those provided in the standard regulations was adopted. The comparison indicates a safe estimation of the load capacity.
Assessment and repair of slabs of an office building
Authors: Noakowski Piotr
Published: June 2024

Alarming deflections and insufficient load bearing capacity for punching in slabs of an office building in Düsseldorf are described in the paper. Structural analysis of the slabs by use of the non-linear static and measures for the strengthening are depicted.
Research of test rooms on a laboratory scale for residential and didactic purposes
Authors: Nowoświat Artur , Żuchowski Rafał , Olechowska Marcelina , Marchacz Michał
Published: June 2024

The article presents the results of reverberation time and acoustic background measurements in a laboratory model of a living quarter and didactic room. The laboratory model is built in real scale. The purpose of this type of research is to develop a model and the laboratory environment in the way that makes it possible to test ventilation systems with various ventilation air streams. Ventilation systems have to meet the requirements for an equivalent sound level not exceeding 40 dB. To meet the above objective, a model was built for which the results of the acoustic background level of 20.8 dB were obtained. The equivalent sound level with ventilation air inflow was 50.4 dB. In addition, a model was built in the ODEON software, which was calibrated for later modeling of various acoustic parameters of the tested interior.
Load-bearing capacity of a truss girder during assembly
Authors: Siedlecka Monika
Published: June 2024

The paper highlights the differences between the operating stage and the assembly phases, the differences in the static diagrams and the loads of the truss girder. The source and different ways of estimating the dynamic loads and the air resistance loads generated at the assembly stage are shown. The operation assumes that the installation process is carried out in windless conditions and therefore that there is no wind load. The whole is illustrated by examples showing the difference in the cross-sectional forces and the concentration of the truss rods during the operating and vertical lift phases. The smaller of the following was considered as a criterion: section load capacity, global stability and local bar stability.
Load-bearing capacity of a truss girder during assembly
Authors: Smolana Mateusz
Published: June 2024

Function of lunar habitats structures is to ensure human friendly environment inside. Lunar environment differs from the Earth one, thus also requirements for lunar habitats differ from requirements for well-known residential buildings. Lunar habitats can be divided into three Classes: Pre-Integrated (Class I), Pre-Fabricated (Class II), and In-Situ Derived and Constructed in line with practice called ISRU (Class III). From Civil Engineering point of view the most interesting is Class III. Concepts of habitats belonging to this class are often dome-shaped or toroidal structures, which technology of erection includes among others 3D print methods with usage of lunar regolith-based materials.
Engineering problems of traffic safety devices
Authors: Twardosz Ewa , Zacharuk Katarzyna , Wojda Damian
Published: June 2024

The continuously growing network of traffic routes together with the increasing concern for human safety cause a significant increase in the demand for traffic safety engineering devices. Their use is only allowed with a National Technical Assessment, which can be obtained by meeting a number of requirements. The article discusses the most important problems that the authors encounter during certification tests of traffic safety devices. In the first part of the article will be discussed the requirements of maintaining the dimensions and quality of connections. Necessary requirements with division to different types of balustrades are also included. The second part of the article presents the requirements and most common problems related to corrosion protection of traffic safety devices. The issue of thickness of coatings, frequently occurring defects related to galvanizing processes and defects of paint coatings was discussed.
Fundamental formulas specifying the minimum reinforcement ratio in the draft of standard recommendations amendment
Authors: Zych Maiusz
Published: June 2024

Equations specifying the minimum reinforcement ratio after FprEN 1992-1-1 are commented on against the background of the current EN 1992-1-1 guidelines. The detailed method that was a basis for the approximation of the solution proposed in the draft is analysed. Further clarification in the area of the specification of the height of the zone in compression and the dimensionless longitudinal force eccentric is presented. Revision of the dependencies given in FprEN 1992-1-1 for members in eccentric compression is proposed.
FFC – Flexible Formwork Choice. FFF – Flexible Formwork Flow
Authors: Majkowski Łukasz , Pasławski Jerzy
Published: June 2024

The article presents the concept of formwork selection to guarantee high efficiency of processes related to formwork assembly, reinforcement installation, concreting, maintenance and stripping (and possible dismantling of formwork). The proposed 3F (Flexible Formwork Flow) method uses the basic assumptions of Industry 5.0, Lean and Agile. This means adopting such basic strategies as: employee support by robots (industry 5.0 emphasizes cooperation between people and robots – on construction sites, this means the possibility of using an exoskeleton to support the employee), flexibility and adaptation (flexibility and quick adaptation to changing conditions – during the working day or during the curing and maturation of concrete are crucial to ensuring rhythmic production – e.g. modification of the concrete mix to ensure the possibility of formwork rotation despite changing conditions – e.g. ambient temperature), digitization and data analysis (the use of digital technologies ensures the possibility of monitoring processes in progress and the environment and management in real time), training and development of employees (improving employee skills through training and improving procedures is of key importance, which is the basis for increasing efficiency and reducing the need to perform rework), sustainable development (in the case of construction, this may mean the use of closed-loop or biodegradable materials – minimizing the impact on the environment), minimizing waste (an action typical of lean is aimed at limiting losses resulting from, for example, unjustified storage, transport or waiting). The proposed 3F method, thanks to the above-mentioned strategies, makes it possible to achieve greater compliance of planning and implementation of processes on the construction site and stable process performance despite the need to operate in a turbulent environment. The use of the described 3F method is beneficial for both the formwork supplier (reliability in the operation of the formwork warehouse) and the contractor on the construction site (greater consistency of planning and implementation of processes on the construction site).