bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-slaughter changes in rabbit carcasses in Poland between 2010 and 2018
Authors: DROZD ŁUKASZ , PASZKIEWICZ WALDEMAR , PYZ-ŁUKASIK RENATA , ZIOMEK MONIKA , SZKUCIK KRZYSZTOF
Published: August 2019

The aim of the study was to analyze the results of sanitary and veterinary examinations of rabbits carried out by the Veterinary Inspectorate in slaughterhouses in Poland in 2010-2018. In this period, 8,980,660 rabbits were examined. Lesions and quality deviations were found in 42,779 carcasses, i.e. 0.48% of all carcasses examined. The most frequent causes of the rejection of the carcasses and internal organs of the rabbits examined were sepsis and pyaemia (36,369 cases), followed by excessive emaciation (1,686 cases), upper respiratory tract disease (1,655 cases), other causes not specified by name (1,438 cases), and coccidiosis (1,318 cases). Abnormal exsanguination (303), parasitic diseases other than coccidiosis (67), infectious diseases (14), and leukemia (2) were much less often the cause of rejection. During the period analyzed, there was a decrease in the number of cases of coccidiosis (except in 2017) and other parasitic diseases, but there was a several-fold increase in the occurrence of sepsis and pyaemia (in the years 2015-2018). Compared with the results of veterinary and sanitary examinations of rabbits in 2000-2010, there was an increase in the number of rabbits slaughtered and a reduction in the percentage of carcasses with pathological changes and carcasses deemed unfit for consumption. In the years 2010-2018, there was also an increase in the number of cases of sepsis and pyaemia and a significant decrease in the percentage of parasitic diseases (mainly coccidiosis).
Immunohistochemical identification of the bacterial antigen of Aeromonas hydrophila in the kidneys and spleen of carps and evaluation of the activity of kidney phagocytes after intraperitoneal and immersion immunization
Authors: SOPIŃSKA ANTONINA , SZUBSTARSKA DAGNA
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of kidney phagocytes after immunization of fish with inactivated bacteria of Aeromonas hydrophila and to determine the location and permanence of the bacterial antigen in the lymphoid organs, the kidney and the spleen, of carps immunized intraperitoneally (group I) and by immersion (group II) at 12oC. We examined the absorption of bacteria by kidney leucocytes (PK%), the killing capacity of phagocytes (IB) and chemiluminescent activity (CL). Evaluations were performed 12 h, as well as 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after immunization. At all these time points, the values of the parameters examined were higher in fish immunized intraperitoneally than in those immunized by immersion. The absorption of bacterial cells by kidney phagocytes was particularly high after 14 days after immunization in fish group I whereas their killing and chemiluminescent activity was particularly high in 7 days after immunization in group I. Immunohistochemical examination revealed an extensive distribution and large amounts of the antigen in the interstitial part and melanomacrophage centers of the kidneys and spleen after the intraperitoneal administration of the antigen, By contrast, small amounts of the antigen were found in these organs after it had been administered by immersion.
A dynamic river network method for the prediction of floods using a parsimonious rainfall-runoff model
Authors: Tsegaw Aynalem Tassachew , Skaugen Thomas , Alfredsen Knut , Muthanna Tone M.
Published: August 2019

Floods are one of the major climate-related hazards and cause casualties and substantial damage. Accurate and timely flood forecasting and design flood estimation are important to protect lives and property. The Distance Distribution Dynamic (DDD) is a parsimonious rainfall-runoff model which is being used for flood forecasting at the Norwegian flood forecasting service. The model, like many other models, underestimates floods in many cases. To improve the flood peak prediction, we propose a dynamic river network method into the model. The method is applied for 15 catchments in Norway and tested on 91 flood peaks. The performance of DDD in terms of KGE and BIAS is identical with and without dynamic river network, but the relative error (RE) and mean absolute relative error (MARE) of the simulated flood peaks are improved significantly with the method. The 0.75 and 0.25 quantiles of the RE are reduced from 41% to 23% and from 22% to 1%, respectively. The MARE is reduced from 32.9% to 15.7%. The study results also show that the critical support area is smaller in steep and bare mountain catchments than flat and forested catchments.
A review of the effects of climate change on riverine flooding in subtropical and tropical regions
Authors: Eccles Rohan , Zhang Hong , Hamilton David
Published: August 2019

Tropical and subtropical regions can be particularly severely affected by flooding. Climate change is expected to lead to more intense precipitation in many regions of the world, increasing the frequency and magnitude of flood events. This paper presents a review of studies assessing the impacts of climate change on riverine flooding in the world's tropical and subtropical regions. A systematic quantitative approach was used to evaluate the literature. The majority of studies reported increases in flooding under climate change, with the most consistent increases predicted for South Asia, South East Asia, and the western Amazon. Results were more varied for Latin America and Africa where there was a notable paucity of studies. Our review points to the need for further studies in these regions as well as in Australia, in small to mid-sized catchments, and in rapidly urbanising catchments in the developing world. Adoption of non-stationary flood analysis techniques and improved site-specific socio-economic and environmental model scenarios were identified as important future directions for research. Data accessibility and mitigation of model uncertainty were recognised as the principal issues faced by researchers investigating the impacts of climate change on tropical and subtropical rivers.
Do domestic animals contribute to bacterial contamination of infant transmission pathways? Formative evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Budge Sophie , Hutchings Paul , Parker Alison , Tyrrel Sean , Tulu Tizita , Gizaw Mesfin , Garbutt Camila
Published: August 2019

Child stunting is associated with poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), partly due to the effect of infection on intestinal nutrient absorption. WASH interventions, however, show little effect on growth. A hypothesis is that bacterial contamination of hands and floors from domestic animals and their faeces, and subsequent ingestion via infant hand-to-mouth behaviours, may explain this. This formative study used microbial testing and survey and observational data from 20 households in Ethiopia to characterise principle bacterial transmission pathways to infants, considering WASH facilities and practices, infant behaviours and animal exposure. Microbial swabbing showed the contamination of hands and floor surfaces from thermotolerant coliform bacteria. Animal husbandry practices, such as keeping animals inside, contributed significantly (all p < 0.005). There was no evidence that latrine facilities mitigated contamination across infant (p = 0.76) or maternal (p = 0.86) hands or floor surfaces (p = 0.36). This small study contributes to the evidence that animal faeces are an important source of domestic bacterial contamination. The results imply that interventions aiming to reduce pathogen transmission to infants should think beyond improving WASH and also consider the need to separate infants and animals in the home. Intervention studies will be required to determine whether this reduces infant infection and improves linear growth.
Households' preferences for water tariff structures in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Suwal Bhim Raj , Zhao Jane , Raina Aditi , Wu Xun , Chindarkar Namrata , Bal Kumar K. C. , Whittington Dale
Published: August 2019

Despite being politically sensitive, water tariffs are frequently administered without information about households' preferences for tariff structures. In this paper we examine the tariff preferences of 1,500 households in Kathmandu, Nepal. We first use a bivariate probit model to examine stated preferences for (1) an increasing block tariff (IBT) and (2) a positive fixed charge. We find that household preferences for IBTs and fixed charges are not easily explained by household socioeconomic and water use characteristics. Second, we ask respondents what they think a fair water bill would be for a randomly assigned quantity of water. We model the responses as a function of both quantity and household socioeconomic and water use characteristics. While households support a water tariff that results in a household's water bill increasing as a household's water use increases, we do not find evidence that households support an increasing, nonlinear relationship between water use and a household's water bill. Our results suggest that respondents desire affordable piped water services and water bills that are calculated fairly for everyone. Because the notion of fairness in Kathmandu varies, utility managers may have considerable latitude in choosing a tariff structure that focuses on other objectives, such as cost recovery, revenue stability, and economic efficiency.
Anti-viral Effects of Superpositively Charged Mutant of Green Fluorescent Protein
Authors: Vahabpour Rouhollah , Basimi Parya , Roohvand Farzin , Asadi Hassan , Irani Gholnaz M. , Zabihollahi Rezvan , Bolhassani Azam
Published: August 2019

Background:

Supercharged GFP proteins were known as effective carriers for delivery of macromolecules into eukaryotic cells as well as fluorescent fusion tags for in vitro and in vivo detection.

Objective:

Herein, anti-viral effects of +36 GFP and its anti-tumor effects were studied in vitro and in vivo, respectively.

Methods:

We evaluated anti-HIV, anti-HSV, and anti-HCV effects of +36 GFP in vitro using ELISA, and real time PCR as common techniques for their detection, respectively. Moreover, we assessed the role of +36 GFP for eliciting HPV-related anti-tumor effects in mice due to the lack of HPV replication in vitro.

Results:

Our data showed that +36 GFP efficiently enter the cells and augment the transfection rate of HPV16E7 antigen, as well. Furthermore, +36 GFP significantly reduced HCV, HIV and HSV replication up to 75%, 49% and 43% in HCV-infected Huh7.5 cells, HIV-infected Hela cells and HSV-infected Vero cells, respectively. On the other hand, mice immunization with +36 GFP complexed with HPV16 E7 antigen (+36GFP + E7) or fused to HPV16 E7 antigen (+36GFP-E7) elicited a higher Th1 cellular immune response with the predominant IgG2a, IgG2b, IFN-γ and Granzyme B levels than those induced by other groups. These regimens protected mice against TC- 1 tumor challenge (~ 67%) compared to E7 protein alone (~ 33%). These data suggested that +36 GFP can act as an anti-viral agent at certain dose due to its high efficiency in cell penetration in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion:

Generally, +36 GFP targets viral replication in vitro as well as helps to suppress the growth of HPV-related tumors in vivo.
The Tangled Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cancer: An Innovative Pharmacological Approach
Authors: Bottoni Patrizia , Scatena Roberto
Published: August 2019

Background:

Mitochondria are remarkably gaining significant and different
pathogenic roles in cancer (i.e., to sustain specific metabolism, to activate signaling pathways,
to promote apoptosis resistance, to favor cancer cell dissemination, and finally to facilitate
genome instability). Interestingly, all these roles seem to be linked to the fundamental activity
of mitochondria, i.e. oxidative metabolism. Intriguingly, a typical modification of mitochondrial
oxidative metabolism and reactive oxygen species production/ neutralization seems to
have a central role in all these tangled pathogenic roles in cancer. On these bases, a careful
understanding of the molecular relationships between cancer and mitochondria may represent
a fundamental step to realize therapeutic approaches blocking the typical cancer progression.
The main aim of this review is to stress some neglected aspects of oxidative mitochondrial
metabolism of cancer cells to promote more translational research with diagnostic and therapeutic
potential.

Methods:

We reviewed the available literature regarding clinical and experimental studies on
various roles of mitochondria in cancer, with attention to the cancer cell mitochondrial metabolism.

Results:

Mitochondria are an important source of reactive oxygen species. Their toxic effects
seem to increase in cancer cells. However, it is not clear if damage depends on ROS overproduction
and/or defect in detoxification. Failure of both these processes is likely a critical
component of the cancer process and is strictly related to the actual microenvironment of cancer
cells.

Conclusions:

Mitochondria, also by ROS production, have a fundamental
pathogenetic role in promoting and maintaining cancer and its spreading. To
carefully understand the tangled redox state of cancer cells mitochondria represents
a fundamental step to realize therapeutic approaches blocking the typical cancer
progression.
Role of the Endocannabinoidome in Human and Mouse Atherosclerosis
Authors: Piscitelli Fabiana , Silvestri Cristoforo
Published: August 2019

The Endocannabinoid (eCB) system and its role in many physiological and pathological conditions is
well described and accepted, and includes cardiovascular disorders. However, the eCB system has been expanded
to an “-ome”; the endocannabinoidome (eCBome) that includes endocannabinoid-related mediators, their protein
targets and metabolic enzymes, many of which significantly impact upon cardiometabolic health. These recent
discoveries are here summarized with a special focus on their potential involvement in atherosclerosis. We described
the role of classical components of the eCB system (eCBs, CB1 and CB2 receptors) and eCB-related lipids,
their regulatory enzymes and molecular targets in atherosclerosis. Furthermore, since increasing evidence
points to significant cross-talk between the eCBome and the gut microbiome and the gut microbiome and atherosclerosis,
we explore the possibility that a gut microbiome - eCBome axis has potential implications in atherosclerosis.
Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts Reaction of Indoles with N-Tosylimines Employing Takemoto's Organocatalyst
Authors: Wang Liming , Wu Hao , Ding Ruxin , Chen Zhe , Jin Ying
Published: August 2019

The asymmetric Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles with imines provides a direct
approach for the enantioselective construction of 3-indolyl methanamine derivatives. In
this paper, a series of thiourea/ urea-tertiary amine derivatives have been used to catalyze
the asymmetric F-C reaction of indoles with N-tosylimines. The effect of solvent, temperature
and catalyst loading amount were investigated. the optimized conditions were determined
to be toluene as the solvent with a 5 mol% loading of Takemoto's catalyst 1c at
rt. A wide range of substituted indoles and imines were evaluated to explore the scope and
general applicability of this reaction. The enantioselectivities were obviously affected by
the position of the substituents on the phenyl ring of imines. 4- electron-donating substituted
imines appeared to favor higher enantioselectivities. Moreover, indoles containing
either electron-donating groups or electron-withdrawing groups were then investigated for the reaction with
imines. In all cases, high yields and excellent enantioselectivities could be achieved. Of all the different substrates,
the reaction of the 5-OMe substituted indole with 4-chloride substituted imine afforded an optimal yield
and enantiomeric excess. Under the screened optimal condition, optically active 3-indolyl-methanamines were
obtained in good yields (70-90%) with high enantioselectivities (up to 98%ee). The catalyst type and the substrate
scope were broadened in this methodology.
ACAT1 as a Therapeutic Target and its Genetic Relationship with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Alavez-Rubio Jessica Sarahi , Juarez-Cedillo Teresa
Published: August 2019

Background:

Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive disease which impacts caregivers, families and societies physically, psychologically and economically. Currently available drugs can only improve cognitive symptoms, have no impact on progression and are not curative, so identifying and studying new drug targets is important. There are evidences which indicate disturbances in cholesterol homeostasis can be related with AD pathology, especially the compartmentation of intracellular cholesterol and cytoplasmic cholesterol esters formed by acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) can be implicated in the regulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, involved in AD. Blocking ACAT1 activity, beneficial effects are obtained, so it has been suggested that ACAT1 can be a potential new therapeutic target. The present review discusses the role of cholesterol homeostasis in AD pathology, especially with ACAT inhibitors, and how they have been raised as a therapeutic approach. In addition, the genetic relationship of ACAT and AD is discussed.

Conclusion:

Although there are several lines of evidence from cell-based and animal studies that suggest that ACAT inhibition is an effective way of reducing cerebral Aβ, there is still an information gap in terms of mechanisms and concerns to cover before passing to the next level. Additionally, an area of interest that may be useful in understanding AD to subsequently propose new therapeutic approaches is pharmacogenetics; however, there is still a lot of missing information in this area.
Assessment of Circulating Biomarkers in Relation to Various Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients-A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mathala Nalini , Akula Annapurna , Hegde Sharat , Bitra Raghava , Sachedev Virender
Published: August 2019

Aim:

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between inflammatory markers,
and diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetic patients.

Methods:

The study was a cross-sectional study included 150 type 2 diabetic patients who were divided
into 3 groups. 50 in each group are divided as Diabetic patients without retinopathy (DM, n=50), nonproliferative
diabetic retinopathy patients (NPDR, n=50), proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients
(PDR, n=50). All the patients were subjected to complete clinical examination and laboratory investigations,
such as fasting and postprandial blood glucose, serum creatinine, lipid profile tests, glycosylated
haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, serum inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, C-reactive protein)
and serum VEGF.

Results:

The study revealed from the multivariate analysis that age, duration and WHR (waist-hip ratio)
are potent risk factors responsible for the risk of Diabetic retinopathy. Similarly, serum creatinine,
CRP, TNF- alpha and VEGF are significantly higher in diabetic patients with retinopathy compared to
diabetic patients without retinopathy.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that inflammation was associated with severe diabetic retinopathy in
patients with well-controlled diabetes. A possible relationship was provided between the risk factors
and biomarkers which are responsible for Diabetic retinopathy. Hence, modifying the risk factors risk
and development of severe diabetic retinopathy can be reduced.
Development of Functional Dark Chocolate by Incorporating Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) Oil and Honey with Improved Organoleptic and Textural Attributes
Authors: Singh Dixita , Tripathi Abhishek D. , Adhikari Kundan S. , Paul Veena
Published: August 2019

Background:

Chocolate is one of the most consumable fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), possessing many health benefits. The present study was envisaged to develop dark chocolate incorporated with flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil and honey. Flaxseed oil contains omega-3 fatty acid which is useful in heart disease, arthritis, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and cancer, whereas honey acts as an antioxidant.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to develop functional dark chocolate with improved organoleptic, textural and functional attributes by optimizing the ingredients levels such as flaxseed oil and honey and its further validation for quality improvement.

Methods:

The chocolate composition was optimized by selecting two variables including flaxseed oil (1-2.5g) and honey (10-15g) at 3 levels in central composite rotatable design (CCRD) by using Design- Expert version 11 software tool.

Results:

After optimization, the best-predicted formulation comprising flaxseed oil 2.37% (w/w) and honey 15% (w/w) showed best sensorial score (p<0.05) with desirability 0.826.

Conclusion:

Physicochemical analysis of optimized formulation showed significant improvement in organoleptic attributes (p <0.05) with a significant increase of 10.22% (p <0.05) in antioxidant activity in comparison to control.
The Comparative Amount of Acrylamide in Tahdig Prepared with the Most Common Edible Liquid and Solid Oils
Authors: Akbari-adergani Behrouz , Ahmadi Asghar , Jahedkhanki Gholamreza , Nodehi Ramin N. , Sadighara Parisa
Published: August 2019

Background:

Due to the heating of amino acids with edible oils to high temperatures,
different amounts of acrylamide are produced.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to compare the level of acrylamide in the tahdig of bread
and tahdig of potato prepared with the common liquid and solid edible oils, including sunflower,
corn, canola, frying oil and solid oils.

Methods:

The tahdig of bread and potato was prepared under the same temperature and time with
different oils. Acrylamide isolation was performed on a solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge and
acrylamide was determined using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results:

The highest amount of acrylamide was obtained with sunflower oil in the tahdig of potato
(194.091 mg/Kg) and the lowest amount of acrylamide was obtained with solid oil in the tahdig of
bread (48.54 mg/Kg). For all the oils, the acrylamide content of the tahdig of potato was higher than
bread.

Conclusion:

This study clearly demonstrated the involvement of the kind of oils in the formation of
acrylamide in the tahdig of bread.
ROS Inhibitory Activity and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Benzoyl, Acetyl, Alkyl Ester, and Sulfonate Ester Substituted Coumarin Derivatives
Authors: Salar Uzma , Khan Khalid M. , Jabeen Almas , Faheem Aisha , Naqvi Farwa , Ahmed Shakil , Iqbal Erum , Ali Farman , Kanwal  , Perveen Shahnaz
Published: August 2019

Background:

A number of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including
aspirin, indomethacin, ibuprofen, flufenamic acid, and phenylbutazone are being clinically used to
treat inflammatory disorders. These NSAIDs are associated with serious side effects such as gastric
ulceration, nephrotoxicity, and bleeding. Therefore, the identification of potent and safe therapy
for inflammatory disorders is still of great interest to the medicinal chemist.

Methods:

A series of varyingly substituted benzoyl, acetyl, alkyl ester, and sulfonate ester substituted
coumarins 1-64 were screened for the inhibition of ROS, generated from zymosan activated
whole blood phagocytes, using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence technique.

Results:

Among all tested compounds, 8 (IC50 = 65.0 ± 3.1 μM), 24 (IC50 = 41.8 ± 1.5 μM), 26
(IC50 = 10.6 ± 2.8 μM), 28 (IC50 = 20.9 ± 1.5 μM), and 41 (IC50 = 4.6 ± 0.3 μM) showed good anti-
inflammatory potential as compared to standard antiinflammatory drug ibuprofen (IC50 = 54.3 ±
1.9 μM). Specifically, compounds 24, 26, 28, and 41 showed superior activity than standard antiinflammatory
drug. Furthermore, compounds 12 (IC50 = 219.0 ± 1.4 μM), 14 (IC50 = 216.5 ± 6.2
μM), 16 (IC50 = 187.4 ± 2.2 μM), and 20 (IC50 = 196.2 ± 2.0 μM) showed moderate ROS inhibitory
activity. Limited SAR study revealed that the hydroxy-substituted compound showed better
ROS inhibition potential in case of 3-benzoyl and 3-ethylester coumarin derivatives. Whereas,
chloro substitution was found to be important in case of 3-acetyl coumarin derivatives. Similarly,
in case of sulfonate ester, chloro, and nitro groups especially at positions -4 and -3 of ring “R”
played vital role in ROS inhibition. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of all active compounds was also
checked on NIH-3T3 cell line. Compounds 12, 14, and 20 were found to be non-cytotoxic. Whereas,
8, 16, 24, 26, 28, and 41 were found to be very weak cytotoxic as compared to standard cycloheximide
(IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.02 μM).

Conclusion:

Identified ROS inhibitors offer the possibility of additional modifications that could
give rise to lead structures for further research in order to obtain more potent, and safer antiinflammatory
agent.
Novel Benzoxazin-3-one Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, Anti-HIV-1 and Integrase Inhibitory Assay
Authors: Safakish Mahdieh , Hajimahdi Zahra , Vahabpour Rouhollah , Zabihollahi Rezvan , Zarghi Afshin
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Integrase is a validated drug target for anti-HIV-1 therapy. The second
generation integrase inhibitors display π-stacking interaction ability with 3’-end nucleotide as a
streamlined metal chelating pharmacophore.

Method:

In this study, we introduced benzoxazin-3-one scaffold for integrase inhibitory potential
as bioisostere replacement strategy of 2-benzoxazolinone.

Results:

Molecular modeling studies revealed that amide functionality alongside oxadiazole heteroatoms
and sulfur in the second position of oxadiazole ring could mimic the metal chelating
pharmacophore. The halobenzyl ring occupies hydrophobic site created by the cytidylate nucleotide
(DC-16).

Conclusion:

The most potent and selective compound displayed 110 μM IC50 with a selectivity
index of more than 2.
Improvement of the Anticancer Activity of Chlorambucil and Ibuprofen via Calix[4]arene Conjugates
Authors: Pedro-Hernández Luis D. , Organista-Mateos Ulises , Allende-Alarcón Luis I. , Martínez-Klimova Elena , Ramírez-Ápan Teresa , Martínez-García Marcos
Published: August 2019

Background:

One of the possible ways of improving the activity and selectivity profile
of anticancer agents is to design drug carrier systems employing nanomolecules. Calix[4]arene derivatives
and chlorambucil and ibuprofen are important compounds that exhibit interesting anticancer
properties.

Objective:

The objective of this article is the synthesis of new calix[4]arene-derivative conjugates
of chlorambucil or ibuprofen with potential anticancer activity.

Methods:

Cytotoxicity assays were determined using the protein-binding dye sulforhodamine B
(SRB) in microculture to measure cell growth as described [19, 20]. Conjugates of chlorambucil
and resorcinarene-dendrimers were prepared in 2% DMSO and added into the culture medium
immediately before use. Control cells were treated with 2% DMSO.

Results:

Thus, calix[4]arene-derivative conjugates of chlorambucil or ibuprofen showed good stability
of the chemical link between drug and spacer. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the
calix[4]arene chlorambucil or ibuprofen conjugates employing a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay in
K-562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells) and U-251 (human glioblastoma cells) demonstrated
that the conjugate was more potent as an antiproliferative agent than free chlorambucil
and ibuprofen. The conjugates did not show any activity against the COS-7 African green monkey
kidney fibroblast cell line.

Conclusion:

In the paper, we report the synthesis and spectroscopic analyses of new calix[4]arene
derivative conjugates of chlorambucil or ibuprofen. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that at 10 μM, the
conjugates were very active against K-562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells) and U-
251 (human glioblastoma cells) cancer cells' proliferation. In order to explain the molecular
mechanisms involved in the anticancer activity of calix[4]arene chlorambucil or ibuprofen conjugates,
our research will be continued.
A Sensitive HPLC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Selegiline in Beagle Dog Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Liu Hongrui , Chen Fang , Wang Bing , Wang Hao , Jin Shasha , Yang Zhou , Chen Yusheng , Quan Yingjun , Xiang Xiaoqiang
Published: August 2019

Objective:

To develop a reliable and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of selegiline in Beagle dog plasma and apply the validated method to study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral selegiline lyophilizate in Beagle dogs.

Methods:

Following alkalization with 1 M sodium hydroxide solution, selegiline and the Internal Standard (IS) zolmitriptan were extracted using tert-butyl methyl ether and separated on a CAPCELL PAK C18 column under isocratic conditions. They were detected by MS/MS using electrospray ionization (ESI) in the positive mode. Quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with transitions of m/z 188.05→90.9 for selegiline and m/z 288.05→57.95 for IS.

Results:

Calibration curves were constructed in the concentration range of 0.2–200 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.21 ng/mL. The matrix effect of dog plasma on the selegiline signal ranged from 98.8 to 105.6%, and the mean extraction recovery ranged from 79.0% to 81.4% at concentrations of 1.04, 20.8, and 166 ng/mL. The intra-day precision was lower than 6.86% and the inter-day precisions were lower than 4.63%.

Conclusion :

The validation results demonstrated the reliability of this bioanalytical method, which was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of 1.25 mg of orally administered selegiline lyophilizate in Beagle dogs. The pharmacokinetic results were also compared with those obtained following intragastric (i.g.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration. Buccal delivery of selegiline was found to significantly increase its bioavailability.
Effects of Hypoxia on Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhuo Yi , Duan Da , Lu Ming
Published: August 2019

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are distributed in many parts of the human body, including
the bone marrow, placenta, umbilical cord, fat, and nasal mucosa. One of the unique features of
MSCs is their multidirectional differentiation potential, including the ability to undergo osteogenesis,
adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis, and to produce neurons, endothelial cells, Schwann cells, medullary
nucleus cells, cardiomyocytes, and alveolar epithelial cells. MSCs have thus become a hot research
topic in recent years. Numerous studies have investigated the differentiation of MSCs into various
types of cells in vitro and their application to numerous fields. However, most studies have cultured
MSCs under atmospheric oxygen tension with an oxygen concentration of 21%, which does not reflect
a normal physiological state, given that the oxygen concentration generally used in vitro is four to ten
times that to which MSCs would be exposed in the body. We therefore review the growing number of
studies exploring the effect of hypoxic preconditioning on the differentiation of MSCs.
Dose-response Evaluation of Propolis Dental Varnish in Children: A Randomized Control Study
Authors: Neto Edilson Martins Rodrigues , Valadas Lídia Audrey Rocha , Lobo Patrícia Leal Dantas , Fernandes Analice Mendes Barreto , da Cruz Fonseca Said Gonçalves , Fechine Francisco Vagnaldo , Júnior Francisco Josimar Girão , Bandeira Mary Anne Medeiros , de França Fonteles Marta Maria
Published: August 2019

Background:

Early childhood caries is a sugar-dependent disease with multifactorial modulating factors affecting deciduous dentition. It is defined as the presence of at least one decayed tooth, absence of a tooth due to caries or the existence of a temporary restoration in a tooth in a child between zero and 71 months of age. No BRP varnish was found in intellectual property banks, therefore it was registered and deposited with patent number BR1020160190142.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-response concentration of alcoholic extract of Brazilian red propolis (BRP), in the form of dental varnish, against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in children.

Methods:

Twenty-four children, aged between 36 and 71 months, of both genders and without caries, were selected to participate in this pilot study and grouped randomly into four groups to receive different concentrations of BRP varnish (1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%). The varnish was applied to the surface of all second deciduous molars. The antimicrobial activity was observed in saliva, which was collected in two phases: before applying the BRP varnish and after use.

Results:

There was microbiological reduction of S. mutans in the oral cavity of the children in all the tested concentrations. The highest percentage reduction of S. mutans was observed at the concentration of 2.5% (P = 0.0443).

Conclusion:

The BRP extract in the form of dental varnish has antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and constitutes a possible alternative in the prevention of dental caries.
Dynamic Trust Management Model for the Internet of Things and Smart Sensors: The Challenges and Applications
Authors: Dwivedi Anshu K. , Sharma A. K. , Kumar Rakesh
Published: August 2019

Background:

Internet of Things (IoT) is an important technology that promises a smart
human being life, by allowing a communications between objects, machines and every things together
with peoples. Trust is an important parameter which is closely related IOT with respect to
sending a message source to destination.

Objective:

In this model the Internet of Thing (IOT) system to pledge with misbehaving nodes
whose status are non deterministic. This paper also presents an overview of trust management
model in IoT. The accuracy, robustness, and lightness of the proposed model is approved through
a wide arrangement of recreations.

Methods:

In order to achieve the desired objective, the following four contributions has been proposed
to improve the trust over internet of thing (IoT):1) End-to-end packet forwarding ratio
(EPFR) 2) AEC 3) Packet Delivery Ratio 4) Detection Probability.

Results:

In this paper we calculate the performance of TM-IoT in term of End-to-End Packet Forwarding
Ratio (EPFR) 2) AEC 3) Packet Delivery Ratio 4) Detection Probability. The exploratory
result analysis shows the efficiency of proposed model as compared to existing work.

Conclusion:

The proposed model TM-IoT show the better exploratory result as compared to existing
work in terms of End-to-End Packet Forwarding Ratio (EPFR) , AEC, Packet Delivery Ratio,
Detection Probability.
Specific and Sensitive RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Aripiprazole: Application in Preformulation Screening of Nanoemulsion
Authors: Kumbhar Santosh A. , Kokare Chandrakant R. , Shrivastava Birendra , Choudhury Hira
Published: August 2019

Background:

It has been hypothesized that delivery of aripiprazole through
nanoemulsion formulation would better deliver the drug into the central nervous system
to treat major depressive conditions in psychological patients. Due course of formulation
development, to determine solubility of the drug in different matrices and nanoemulsion
is an important step.

Materials & Methods:

Therefore, a simple, rapid and selective reversed phase high performance
liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for
the determination of aripiprazole as per International Conference of Harmonization (ICH)
guidelines. Satisfactory analysis method was employed for the quantitative determination
of aripiprazole during pre-formulation development.

Results and Discussion:

The separation technique was achieved using the mobile phases
of methanol-acetonitrile, 80:20 (v/v) delivered at 1.0 mL.min-1 flow rate through HIQ
SIL C18 250x4.6 mm (5 μm particle size) column and detected at 218 nm wavelength.
The method depicted linear calibration plots within the range of 5 to 50 µg.mL-1 with a
determination coefficient (r2) of 0.9991 calculated by least square regression method.
The validated method was sensitive with LOD of 10.0 ng.mL-1 and 30.0 ng.mL-1 of
LOQ. The intra-day and inter-day precision values were ranged between 0.37-0.89 and
0.63-1.11 respectively, with accuracy ranging from 98.24 to 100.88 and 97.03 to 100.88,
respectively. This developed and validated method was found to be sensitive for the determination
of aripiprazole for the first time from various oils, surfactants, co-surfactants,
and nanoemulsion formulation.

Conclusion:

This RP-HPLC method was successfully implemented for the quantitative
determination of aripiprazole at developmental stages of nanoemulsion formulation.
Dividend policy, leverage, and institutional ownership as agency problem control mechanisms in privatized Indonesian state-owned enterprises
Authors: Nurmalasari Made Ratih , Baskara I Gde Kajeng
Published: August 2019

This study aims to test the agency theory in privatized Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises. The agency problem in this study was proxied by firm value (Tobin's Q) while the agency problem control mechanism was proxied by institutional ownership, leverage, and dividend policy. This study examines the interchangeable relations between the three variables. The data used in this study are secondary data sourced from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research sample is all SOEcompanies that meet the criteria and are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2013-2017 observation period. The analytical tool used in this study was 2SLS (Two-Stage Least Square) with panel data techniques and simultaneous models. The results showed that dividend policy and institutional ownership have a substitution relationship in reducing agency problems, whereas leverage and dividend policy, as well as institutional ownership and leverage, do not have a substitute relationship in reducing agency problems.
Effect of compensation on employee performance towards motivation as mediation variable
Authors: Candradewi Intan , Dewi I Gst. A. Manuati
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze and explain the role of mediation motivation in the relationship of compensation to employee performance at Wisma Prashanti Hospital. The population in this study were employees of Wisma Prashanti Hospital with a total sample of 83 respondents. The sampling technique is carried out is a saturated sample technique, the entire population is used as a sample. The research instrument used a questionnaire and analysis method using Partial Least Square (PLS) with SmartPLS 3.2 software. The results showed (1) compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (2) compensation has a positive and significant effect on motivation (3) motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (4) motivation mediates partially and positively and significantly on the relationship between compensation and employee performance. The implications of the results of this study indicate that compensation is found to be a major factor in improving employee performance.
Approach to Sexual Health in Primary Care
Authors: AKSÖYEK Aydan , CANATAR Taner , ÖZŞAHİN Akatlı Kürşad
Published: August 2019

Most of the beliefs regarding sexuality are exaggerated, subjective and wrong. Like other human activities sexuality is subjected to social and cultural effects. Personal tendencies, beliefs and wrongly structured concepts of thought are known to play an important role on formation and continuation of sexual function disorders. Sexual health, which is defined as the ability of expressing sexuality free from the risks of sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies, sexual coercion, violence and discrimination, not limited with medical care and consultancy limited to reproduction and sexually transmitted diseases but also aims enhancement of personality and, interpersonal relationships and life. This article is intended to initiate change and a progress on points of views about sexual health along with the discussion of the approach to sexual health in primary care.  Cinsellikle ilgili inanışların birçoğu abartılı, yanlı ve yanlıştır. Cinsel yaşam da diğer insani etkinlikler gibi toplumsal ve kültürel etkilere açıktır. Kişinin eğilimlerinin, inanışlarının, düşüncesinde yanlış oluşmuş kavramların, cinsel işlev bozukluğunun oluşumunda ve devamında etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklar, istenmeyen gebelikler, zorlama, şiddet ve ayrımcılık riskinden bağımsız olarak cinselliği ifade etme yeteneği olan cinsel sağlığın amacı, sadece üreme ve cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklarla sınırlandırılmış tıbbi bakım ve danışmanlık değil, aynı zamanda kişilik, kişisel ilişkiler ve yaşamın güçlendirilmesidir. Cinsel sağlığa birinci basamak yaklaşımı anlatan bu yazıda, cinsel sağlık hakkında sahip olunan düşünce biçiminde değişim ve gelişim yaratılması amaçlanmıştır.
Evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial additives against biogenic acidification in simulated wastewater exposure solutions
Authors: Erbektas Ali Riza , Isgor O. Burkan , Weiss W. Jason
Published: August 2019

Microbially Induced Corrosion of Concrete (MICC) is a progressive three-stage deterioration process that is primarily associated with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). One strategy for mitigating MICC is the use of antimicrobial additives. It is hypothesized that the performance of antimicrobial products is influenced by the pH of the environment, the bacterial population, and the level of bacterial activity. To test this hypothesis, three bacterial activity-population levels were tested in environments with different pH levels to evaluate the efficacy of a typical antimicrobial product against planktonic SOB. The ability of the antimicrobial product to prevent or delay the biogenic acidification was considered as the criterion for its efficacy. The tested antimicrobial product was successful in delaying or preventing MICC with low and moderate bacterial populations and activity for all pH levels greater than 4. Lower pH levels were not tested in this investigation.  Antimicrobial products were successful in delaying or preventing MICC with severe bacterial populations and activity for all pH levels tested greater than 6. The results support the main hypothesis of the research; therefore, the selection of whether to utilize an antimicrobial product requires an understanding of the operational pH of the environment as well as knowledge on the target bacterial population and activity.
PELATIHAN REGULASI EMOSI ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH (3-4 TAHUN)
Authors: Putri Christopora Intan Himawan , Primana Linda
Published: August 2019

Regulasi emosi berpengaruh pada interaksi sosial serta keberlangsungan kegiatan belajar mengajar di sekolah. Pada anak usia prasekolah kemampuan regulasi emosi sangat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan sekitarnya, yakni lingkungan rumah dan sekolah. Pelatihan Regulasi Emosi Anak Usia Prasekolah (3-4 tahun) merupakan intervensi yang dilakukan di sekolah dan di rumah dengan melibatkan peranan dari pihak guru dan orangtua. Partisipan (n=9) merupakan anak usia prasekolah (3-4 tahun) yang diberikan intervensi berupa emotion course  dan  shared book reading. Emotion course  merupakan salah satu sesi yang di adaptasi dari program  Emotion-based Preventive Intervention yang  mengajarkan anak untuk belajar dan mempraktikkan akan pengenalan, penamaan, aktivasi, regulasi serta kegunaan  dari emosi. Shared book reading menggunakan buku cerita bergambar dengan tema emosi dasar  yang dibuat dengan memperhatikan teori perkembangan serta kekhasan anak Indonesia usia 3-4 tahun. Penelitian ini telah melalui proses kaji etik dan dinyatakan lulus. Kata kunci: Intervensi kelas, intervensi dini, emotion book, pengaturan emosi dan prasekolah
IDENTIFIKASI POLA PENGENALAN LITERASI PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Husnaini Nani
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pengenalan literasi pada anak usia dini di Kota Mataram yang mencakup konsep pengenalan literasi pada anak usia dini di kota mataram, prosedur pengenalan literasi pada anak usai dini di kota mataram, media apa saja yang digunakan dalam pengenalan literasi pada anak usia dini di kota mataram, metode apa saja yang digunakan pengenalan literasi pada anak usia dini di kota mataram, dan capaian kemampuan literasi anak usia dini di kota mataram. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Adapun hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa 1) Konsep pengenalan literasi pada anak usia dini di beberapa TK/PAUD yang menjadi sasaran penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pengenalan literasi dimaknai sebagai suatu proses pengenalan baca-tulis dasar pada anak untuk mempersiapkan anak melanjutkan studi pada jenjang berikutnya dengan tahapan, perbedaan kemampuan anak, materi serta metode pembelajaran yang diterapkan, 2) Pengenalan literasi pada anak usia dini di Kita Mataram dilakukan secara bertahap dengan memperhatikan tahap perkembangan anak. pengenalan literasi dimulai dari mengenalkan bentuk huruf, membaca dan menulis kata hingga membaca dan menulis kalimat sederhana. 3) Media yang digunakan dalam pengenalan literasi pada anak usia dini sangat bervariasi, seperti kantong huruf, kartu huruf, puzzle huruf, buku cerita, pohon literasi, balok huruf, dimana dalam penggunaan media juga tergambar tahapan pengenalan literasi yang disesuaikan dengan usia dan kemampuan anak usia dini. 4) Metode pengenalan literasi dengan metode bercerita, bermain, dan menyanyi. 5) Kemampuan anak dalam membaca dan menulis permulaan dapat dilihat ketika sudah memasuki semester dua, khususnya kelas B. Rata-rata anak sudah mampu membaca kalimat sederhana. Kata Kunci: pola, literasi, anak usia dini
Sirih Pinang di Indonesia dan Taiwan
Authors: Catur Sri Wilujeng Nuning
Published: August 2019

Sirih atau piper betel merupakan tanaman tropis yang tumbuh di pantai Afrika, daratan India, Cina, Asia Tenggara, Australia bagian utara, dan Pasifik. Tanaman ini mempunyai akar lekat yang keluar dari tiap ruas batangnya. Sirih hidup dengan cara menempel di batang pohon. Tanaman ini mampu beradaptasi dengan kawasan ekstrem basah ataupun kering. Selama ini masyarakat mengenal lima varietas tanaman sirih, yaitu sirih hijau, sirih kuning, sirih kaki merpati, sirih merah, dan sirih hitam. Sirih banyak khasiatnya dalam bidang pengobatan, baik untuk pengobatan luar maupun dalam.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Interaktif Berbasis ICT terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS Terpadu
Authors: Worosetyaningsih Tri
Published: August 2019

Mata pelajaran IPS sebagai bagian integral dari kurikulum sekolah, memerlukan guru-guru yang mampu melaksanakan pembelajaran yang efektif, dalam arti menguasai materi, mampu memilih permasalahan yang layak diangkat sebagai bahan belajar, serta mengembangkan strategi pembelajaran yang mampu mengoptimalkan pencapaian kompetensi (Mukminan, 2009: 4).  Agar dapat melaksanakan pembelajaran secara efektif diperlukan suatu media pembelajaran, salah satunya dengan penggunaan media berbasis ICT.
Olahraga Bagi Orang yang Sibuk Di Kantor
Authors: Prasetyo Yudik
Published: August 2019

Pada era globalisasi ini, orang semakin disibukan dengan berbagai pekerjaan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Bekerja merupakan kebutuhan dan tuntutan yang harus dijalankan. Banyak orang yang bekerja dengan giat agar memperoleh penghasilan yang luar biasa, namun mereka lupa akan kesehatan. Tidak ada waktu untuk berolahraga adalah salah satu permasalahan yang banyak dihadapi para pekerja kantoran pada umumnya.Para pekerja kantor selalu pergi di pagi hari, dan pulang di malam hari akhirnya derajat kesehatan semakin menurun.