bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOSYAL AĞLARDA METİN VE GÖRÜNTÜ TABANLI ANLAMSAL ÇIKARIM YÖNTEMLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BAYRAKDAR Sümeyye , YÜCEDAĞ İbrahim
Published: January 2021

Sosyal ağların gün geçtikçe daha popüler hale gelmesi sebebiyle, çok sayıda kullanıcı sürekli olarak aktif sosyal ağ kullanıcısı durumundadır. Aktif kullanıcılar sürekli olarak gördüklerini ve düşündüklerini paylaşmaktadır. Sosyal ağ kullanıcıları ilgilendikleri kişileri takip etmekte, mesajlarına yorum yapmakta ve diğer kişilere iletmektedir. Bu şekilde, sosyal ağlarda kullanıcılar tarafından üretilen çok büyük miktarda veri bulunmaktadır. Bunun yanında; kameralı cep telefonları sayesinde metinsel paylaşımlar yanında görüntü ve video paylaşımları da yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, sosyal ağlarda metin ve görüntü tabanlı anlamsal çıkarım yöntemleri incelenmiştir. Farklı anlamsal çıkarım yöntemlerinin, kullanıldığı alanlara göre avantajları vurgulanmıştır. Son olarak da, bu alanda gelecekte ne gibi çalışmalar yapılabileceğine dair bilgiler verilmiştir.
FE3AL VE Tİ6AL4V ALAŞIMLARININ DİFÜZYON KAYNAĞI
Authors: TORUN Osman , ÇELİKYÜREK İbrahim
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmasında, Fe3Al ve Ti6Al4V alaşımlarının birleştirilmesi difüzyon kaynağı yöntemi ile vakum atmosferinde sağlanmıştır. Fe3Al ve Ti6Al4V alaşımları bakır ara tabakalı difüzyon kaynağı 900ºC sıcaklıkta, 3 MPa basınç altında, farklı sürelerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bağlantıların kesme dayanımlarını ölçmek için birleştirilmiş numunelere kesme testi uygulanmıştır. SEM-EDS çalışmaları Fe3Al ve Ti6Al4V alaşımlarına bakırın difüze olduğunu göstermiştir. Bütün numunelerin kırılma yüzeyleri incelemeleri, iyi bir bağlanma olduğunu ve plastik deformasyon oluştuğunu göstermiştir. En yüksek kesme dayanımı 215 MPa olarak 120 dakika sürede kaynaklanmış numunelerden elde edilmiştir.
KİREÇLE STABİLİZE EDİLMİŞ KİL ZEMİNLERİN DAYANIMINA GECİKMİŞ KOMPAKSİYONUN ETKİSİ
Authors: TÜRKÖZ Murat , BAŞPINAR Alper
Published: January 2021

Kil zeminlerin kireç katkısı kullanılarak stabilizasyonu hem ekonomik hem de çevresel etkilerden dolayı en çok tercih edilen yöntemdir. Stabilizasyon sonrası zeminin mühendislik özelliklerinde ortaya çıkan gelişme, kireç katkılı zeminlerin dolgularda kullanılmasına imkan tanır. Dolguda kullanılmak için farklı kompaksiyon enerjilerinde arazide sıkıştırılarak yerleştirilmeleri sırasında oluşması muhtemel sıkışma gecikmesi, katkılı zeminlerin performansı üzerinde önemli bir etkiye neden olur. Bu çalışmada bir yol projesinden alınan zemin örneklerinin çeşitli oranlarda sönmüş kireç katkısı ile karıştırıldıktan sonra gecikmiş kompaksiyonun zeminlerin dayanım özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, yüksek (CH) ve düşük (CL) plastisiteli iki ayrı kil zemin numunesine kuru ağırlıklarının % 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 ve 15’i oranında kireç eklenerek hazırlanan örnekler üzerinde, karışımdan hemen sonra ve yedi gün sonra Standart Proctor düzeyinde kompaksiyon deneyleri yapılmıştır. Gecikmiş kompaksiyonun ve kireç katkı yüzdesinin hem kompaksiyon karakteristiklerine hem de serbest dayanımına olan etkisini araştırmaya yönelik olarak toplam 22 adet kompaksiyon deneyi ve takibinde de kürsüz, 7 gün ve 28 gün küre bırakılan örnekler üzerinde de toplamda 64 adet serbest basınç deneyi yapılmıştır. Kireç katkısı ile yapılacak zemin stabilizasyonunda, özellikle uzun süreli gecikmiş kompaksiyon, zemin türüne bağlı olarak dayanım üzerinde önemli etkilere neden olduğu belirlenmiştir.
ANOT CÜRUFLARINDAN BAKIRIN GERİ KAZANIMINDA DÜŞÜK ERİME NOKTALI ÇÖZÜCÜ KULLANIMININ ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: TOPÇU Mehmet Ali , RÜŞEN Aydın
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada, ikincil kaynaklardan bakır tel üretimi yapan bir firmadan temin edilen bakır anot cürufundan bakır geri kazanımı için çevre ve insan sağlığına duyarlı düşük erime noktalı çözücü kullanımı araştırılmıştır. Bakır anot cürufunun fiziksel, kimyasal ve mineralojik karakterizasyonu öncesinde yapılan öğütme işleminde cüruf içindeki metalik bakırın bir kısmı fiziksel olarak ayrılmıştır. Liç deneylerinde son yıllarda hidrometalurjik süreçlerde kullanılan kolin klorür (ChCl) ve üre (1:2) ile hazırlanan düşük erime noktalı solvent çevre duyarlı çözücü olarak kullanılmıştır. Liç deneylerinin sonuçlarına göre fiziksel olarak anot cürufundan ayrılmayan bakır 72 saatlik reaksiyon süresi, 95 oC’lik liç sıcaklığı ve 1/20 katı/sıvı oranı şartlarındaki liç işlemi ile %90 üzerinde ekstrakte edilmiştir. Liç deneylerinden sonrasında çözeltideki demir çözünürlüğünün oldukça düşük seviyede kaldığı görülmüştür. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre fiziksel olarak ayırma ve sonrasında ChCl-üre karışımıyla hazırlanan düşük erime noktalı çözücü kullanılarak yapılan liç işlemleri ile bakır anot cürufundan bakır geri kazanımı için çevreci bir çözücü adayı olabileceği ortaya konmuştur.
Western Blot
Authors: ASLIM Hatice Pelin , BULUT Oya
Published: January 2021

Western Blot tekniği, herhangi bir örnekten istenen tek bir proteini özgün bir şekilde saptamak için moleküler biyolojide kullanılan eski ve güvenilir bir yöntemdir. Proteinlerin uyaranlara karşı verdiği yanıtların araştırılmasında, protein ifadesinin var-yok ya da artmış-azalmış olarak değerlendirilmesinde, hücre spesifik protein izoformlarının belirlenmesinde, genetik hastalıkların ortaya çıkışından sorumlu proteinlerin belirlenmesinde sıklıkla kullanılan bir metottur. Yapılan bu derlemede, Western Blot tekniğinin prensibi, protokolü ve virolojide kullanımı hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.
ENTERTAIMENT DUNIA PERPUSTAKAAN DI ERA 4.0: MENINGKATKAN MINAT BACA DENGAN MENJADIKAN PERPUSTAKAAN SEBAGAI TEMPAT ATAU PUSAT INFORMASI YANG MENGHIBUR
Authors: Syadila Febiyana
Published: January 2021

This study aims to be able to know and describe how strategies to increase public interest in reading, readers can also find out how to make the library as a place or center of information that is entertaining and interesting, of course, in terms of educating in the era of revolution 4.0 and useful to broaden the readers' insight about it . The method used in this study is qualitative with descriptive analysis approach, namely to obtain general conclusions. Data collection techniques in this study are using the method of literature study and interviews. The results of this study are strategies that can increase interest in reading by making the library as a place or information center that is entertaining can be done with the existence and implementation of programs and facilities that support increased interest in reading and visiting visitors. Such programs and facilities include the availability of special reading rooms, storytelling, conducting competition activities, exhibitions, providing space for creativity, providing digital services, availability of internet facilities, implementing facilities or sophisticated automated services that can accompany the times, etc. . Apart from these facilities and programs, the role of librarians is also very important to increase interest in reading and make libraries an entertaining information place. Librarians must be able to communicate as best as possible to the visitors, and serve wholeheartedly, then those who receive services will feel happy and satisfied. service in the library.
SISTEM KLASIFIKASI ARSIP DI BIRO AKADEMIK DAN KEMAHASISWAAN UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
Authors: Alem Maulana Wulida Finnahar  , Fatmawati Riya
Published: January 2021

This paper contains a discussion of how to use the archive classification system at the Bureau of Academic and Student Affairs, State University of Padang. The use of this archive classification system aims to assist employees at the Bureau of Academic and Student Affairs, State University of Padang in using the archive classification system according to their respective work units. The research method used in writing this paper is a qualitative descriptive research method. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of observation and interviews. The subject of data collection through observation at the Bureau of Academic and Student Affairs, State University of Padang. Observations are made by looking at how employees understand the classification of records. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with employees at the Bureau of Academic and Student Affairs, Padang State University. The author conducted a question and answer session with employees directly regarding the use of archive classification codes, the obstacles faced in using classification codes, and solutions to these problems. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the archive classification system in the Bureau of Academic and Student Affairs at the State University of Padang is actually used to assist employees in providing proper and correct archive classification codes. In the manual for the archive classification code at the Bureau of Academic and Student Affairs, State University of Padang, it can be concluded that the paper on the archive classification system at the Bureau of Academic and Student Affairs, State University of Padang is: (1) The archive classification system at the Bureau of Academic and Student Affairs, State University of Padang uses the subject system /problem (2) The archive classification system according to the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education Regulation Number 23 of 2018 concerning Archive Classification, Archive Retention Schedule, and Security Classification System and Dynamic Archive Access in the academic and student fields has 6 archive classification codes, namely AK (academic) , TM (Student Admission), KR (Curriculum), EP (Educational Evaluation), Scholarship (BW), Student Affairs (KM).
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD BERBASIS PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK PADA MATERI SPLDV KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 5 LUBUKLINGGAU
Authors: Bahrilin Vina , Luthfiana Maria , Efuansyah Efuansyah
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan lembar kerja peserta didik (LKPD) berbasis pendekatan saintifik pada materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel (SPLDV) di kelas VIII sesuai dengan kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model 4-D yang terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu: tahap Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket validitas dan angket kepraktisan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis penilaian oleh keempat ahli yaitu: ahli bahasa, ahli materi, ahli media dan ahli isi menunjukkan bahwa lembar kerja peserta didik menggunakan pendekatan saintifik pada materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel (SPLDV) memenuhi kriteria valid dengan rata-rata skor 3,37. Sedangkan hasil analisis penilaian lembar kepraktisan siswa yang terdiri dari 31 orang diperoleh bahwa lembar kerja peserta didik menggunakan pendekatan saintifik pada materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel (SPLDV) memenuhi kriteria praktis dengan rata-rata skor 3,31.
Freedom for me and, perhaps, you – but surely not them? Attitudes to new religions in contemporary democracies
Authors: Barker Eileen
Published: January 2021

Throughout history, new religious movements (NRMs) have been treated with suspicion and fear. Although contemporary democracies do not throw members of NRMs to the lions or burn them at the stake, they have ways and means of making it clear that pluralism and freedom of religion have their limits. The limits to pluralism are evident enough in countries such as Saudi Arabia or North Korea that have regimes stipulating that citizens must adhere exclusively to their one and only True religion or ideology. Limitations to pluralism have also been manifest in countries such as Northern Nigeria, Sri Lanka or Myanmar (Burma), where terrorists have used violence to eliminate religions other than their own. Even otherwise peaceful democracies – that have signed the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the European Convention on Human Rights, and other statements affirming freedom of belief (and non-belief) for all – can discriminate against religions, especially the new religious movements in their midst, and this they do in a variety of ways [Richardson 1994; Lindholm 2004;

Kirkham 2013]. This paper outlines, from the perspective of a sociologist of religion, some of the ways in which such attitudes toward, and treatment of, NRMs can demonstrate more subtle, but nevertheless marked and serious limitations to freedom, even in societies that pride themselves on their progressive and inclusive approach to diversity.
Religious diversity as a factor in public security
Authors: Elbakyan Ekaterina
Published: January 2021

The article deals with topical issues of religious diversity in the framework of the religious situation in modern Russia.

The article analyzes important indicators of the religious situation. They include public sentiments created by the subjective perception of the country's population of their religiosity and non-religiousness, in the context of the realization of the freedom of conscience right.

Additional indicators of the religious situation are the following: inter-religious, inter-denominational relations and relations between believers and non-believers; the state and nature of public opinion in relation to religion.

The criteria for the "complexity" of a religious situation have been determined through delineating of 1) internal and 2) external circumstances that create the conditions for the tension of the religious situation. The first group (1) includes: the degree of satisfaction / dissatisfaction of believers and groups of believers with the implementation, provision and protection of their rights and interests; instability and unsettledness of inter-religious and ethno-religious relations; the presence of contradictions and conflicts within religious associations. The second group (2) includes: the condition of state-religious relations associated with the implementation of legislatively enshrined principles and norms in the sphere of freedom of conscience by state and local authorities; the degree of mutual trust, loyalty, law-abidingness of religious associations; the state of public opinion in relation to religion, its adequate / inadequate expression by the media; the presence of conflicts between believers and non-believers, as well as the nature and intensity of missionary activities of religious organizations.

The study of the religious situation, its comprehensive and objective analysis, serve as the basis for information support of state-religious relations and as help in the implementation of the principles of the state's religious policy in the practical activities of the authorities and administration.

Using the example of a number of religious organizations, it will be shown that their persecution, especially of religious minorities, does not strengthen the security of the country, but, on the contrary, creates a number of quite serious risks for the stable functioning of society both “inside” the state and internationally. Considered through the prism of various models of state-religious relations, the religious situation in the country seems to be most favorable (both for the state and for religious organizations of various types) when there is religious freedom and the corresponding state-religious relations.
Review of the online conference "Jehovah's Witnesses and Their Opponents: Russia, the West, and More"
Authors: Fylypovych Liudmyla O.
Published: January 2021

An overview of the online conference "Jehovah's Witnesses and Their Opponents: Russia, the West, and More," held on September 3, 2020 at the initiative of CESNUR
Editor's word
Authors: Fylypovych Liudmyla O.
Published: January 2021

Introductory word of the editor about the content of the journal
Authors of the journal
Authors: Of the journal Editorial board
Published: January 2021

The list of the authors of the journal
Announcements of publications
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial Board
Published: January 2021

Announcements of publications
Use of PET-CT in the one delineated of volume in the planning of the one radiant treatment
Authors: Elzaurdín Mora Rubén , Nápoles Morales Misleydis
Published: January 2021

El tratamiento con radioterapia, consiste en irradiar de forma homogénea el tumor, evitando irradiar los órganos cercanos. El desarrollo de la tecnología en el campo de la medicina, ha permitido que se cumpla este principio, con buenos resultados de respuesta objetiva, que se traduce en el control de la enfermedad de los pacientes con cáncer. La Tomografía axial computarizada por emisión de positrones (PET-CT) consigue una mayor precisión en el delineado del volumen blanco o tumoral. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la influencia del uso del PET-CT en el delineado de volúmenes a tratar en la planificación del tratamiento con radiaciones. Se diseñó un estudio piloto con dos pacientes preparados para radioterapia por neoplasias malignas, a los cuáles se les realizó un TAC simple y un PET-CT y observadores independientes realizaron la delimitación del tumor. Se examinó la consistencia entre los observadores y las mediciones en las imágenes. El uso del PET-CT favorec
Association between Socioeconomic Factors and Postoperative Complications of Cholecystectomy
Authors: Romero Ramírez Herman , Muñoz Albán Norma , Albán Meneses Consuelo , Escobar Torres Alicia
Published: January 2021

The article´s goal isto determine if socioeconomic factors influence the postoperative complications of cholecystectomy. For this, the observational study was defined, analytical and quantitative study was conducted in 100 patients who underwent cholecystectomy. A logistic regression model was applied in which risk factors, socioeconomic characteristics, along with a control variable, were incorporated as variables. Three models were run with alternative dependent variables that are delimited by the type of postoperative complication recorded. The results found showed that women show a higher risk of presenting complications after cholecystectomy, the same occurs in older patients. Likewise, the risk is much lower in people with higher education levels and in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, they only have a 5% risk of presenting complications. Postoperative complications after cholecystectomy are minimized by using the laparoscopic technique and socioeconomic factors would influence the risk of suffering postoperative complications after said surgery, which makes laparoscopic cholecystectomy a safe operation with many other benefits and advantages over traditional or conventional surgery.
Sexual dysfunction in women age 60 and older
Authors: Hernández Yadira , Fonte Sevillano Teresa , Rojas Pérez Alberto , Quesada Peña Susel
Published: January 2021

Sexuality is an important aspect in women's quality of life, however, sexuality studies dedicated to women age 60 and older are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction and its domains in women age 60 and older, and to identify the association between diseases and drug use with sexual dysfunction. A descriptive and cross-cutting study was conducted, in women 60 years and older, in Havana, Cuba. Two surveys participated in 112 women: The Female Sexual Function Index (IFSF) and another who collected a medical and social history. 66.1% of women had some degree of sexual dysfunction, the prevalence increased with age. The domains most affected were desire, excitement, and lubrication. A strong association between Parkinson's disease, depression and osteoarthritis was identified with the onset of sexual dysfunction in the studied population, as well as the use of antidepressants, oral hypoglycemics and diuretics. Sexual dysfunction was present in 100% of octogenary women. All women with Parkinson's disease had sexual dysfunction.
Large Basal Cell Carcinoma Defect Closure on The Lateral Cheek Using Multiple Advancement Flaps
Authors: Wahab Siswanto , Djawad Khairuddin
Published: January 2021

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). It grows slowly and very rarely metastasizes but can cause substantial morbidity due to its tendency to relapse and locally invasive nature, especially when located on the face. Excision surgery is still the gold standard treatment for primary BCC and is usually followed by reconstruction procedure. Skin flap techniques vary widely, one of which is flap advancement technique. The main benefit of flap advancement technique is the ability to hide the excision line, thus resulting in an aesthetically sound outcome. We report a case of 72-year-old female with hyperpigmented plaque brownish lump on the left lateral cheek. A diagnosis of igmented basal cell carcinoma had been confirmed through histopathological examination. The patient was treated with wide excision surgery and the defect was closed by multiple advancement flaps. Follow-up after three months showed excellent cosmetic and functional outcome.
KOMORBIDITAS NON FISIK AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) DI RSUP DR. MOHAMMAD HOESIN PALEMBANG
Authors: Dwitamma Muhammad Adib , Maritska Ziske , Prananjaya Bintang Arroyantri
Published: January 2021

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) adalah gangguan perkembangan dengan ciri khas defisit yang menetap pada komunikasi dan interaksi sosial, keterbatasan dan pengulangan pola perilaku, minat, aktivitas, yang muncul pada tahap perkembangan awal dan menyebabkan gangguan fungsi sosial, pekerjaan, serta fungsi penting lainnya. Angka kejadian ASD meningkat tiap tahun. Meningkatnya angka kejadian ASD ini juga meningkatkan angka kejadian atau prevelansi dari komorbiditas pada ASD, komorbiditas yang paling sering adalah komorbiditas non fisik. Jenis penelitian yang akan digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain penelitian potong lintang. Terdapat 313 pasien ASD di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, laki-laki sebesar 82,4%, perempuan 17,6% dan usia balita merupakan kategori usia paling umum bagi pasien ASD dengan prevelansi 80,8%. Komorbiditas non fisik ASD yang paling sering terjadi adalah Retardasi Mental 19,5%, ADHD 15%, Gangguan Affek/Mood 0,6%, Anxietas 1,3%, sedangkan 63,6% merupakan ASD tanpa komorbiditas non fisik. Obat yang digunakan juga umumnya Risperidone, Vit B complex dan tambahan Sosial integrasi untuk ADHD & SLB untuk Retardasi Mental. Sebagian besar penderita ASD di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang tidak memiliki komorbiditas non fisik, tapi sisanya memiliki komorbiditas non fisik, dimana komorbiditas non fisik yang paling sering adalah Retardasi Mental.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol 96% Biji Mahoni (Swietenia Mahagoni L.) Dalam Menurunkan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Mencit (Mus Musculus) Yang Diinduksi Aloksan
Authors: Widiasari Santi , Eliya Mursyida , Annisa Masyarah
Published: January 2021

Diabetes Melitus merupakan penyakit kronik yang terjadi karena tubuh tidak dapat menghasilkan cukup hormon insulin atau tidak efektifnya penggunaan insulin yang akan menyebabkan hiperglikemia. Salah satu tumbuhan di Indonesia yang dapat di manfaatkan adalah biji mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni L.). Biji mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni L.) dilaporkan oleh para peneliti memiliki efek farmokologi anti-diabetes. Dari biji mahoni, terdapat kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang disebut swietenin. Swietenin berfungsi sebagai sebagai anti-oksidan dalam perbaikan pada sel jaringan pankreas dan dapat meningkatkan jumlah insulin di dalam tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini aladah mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak etanol biji Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni L.) dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada mencit (Mus muscullus) yang diinduksi aloksan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian “pre and post test control group design”. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 36 ekor mencit putih jantan. Mencit dibagi dalam 6 kelompok perlakuan yang terdiri dari kelompok normal, larutan aquades sebagai kontrol negatif, metformin 500mg/kg sebagai kontrol positif dan ekstrak etanol 96% biji mahoni dosis 70 mg/kg/hari, 140 mg/kg/hari, 280 mg/kg/hari selama 14 hari. Kemudian pada hari ke-14, dilakukannya pengukuran glukosa darah mencit mengunakan Blood Glucose Test Meter. Hasil uji statistik, mencit yang diberi ekstrak etanol 96% biji mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni L.) berbagai dosis menunujukkan adanya penurunan kadar gula darah secara signifikan (p<0,05). Dosis 280 mg/kgBB menunjukkan hasil penurunan kadar gula darah paling baik dari berbagai dosis. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 96% biji mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni L.) dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada mencit yang diinduksi aloksan.
Open Versus Laparoscopic Incarcerated or Strangulated Inguinal Hernia Repair – A Review
Authors: Coco Danilo , Leanza Silvana
Published: January 2021

Minimal access surgery or laparoscopic surgery has revolutionized the surgical world since its introduction in the 1980s. The evidence for elective laparoscopic groin hernia repair is well established. However, there are only handfuls of literatures on the evidence of emergency laparoscopic groin hernia repairs. In this review article we delineated details on how laparoscopy in emergency incarcerated or strangulated inguinal hernia repair benefits patients, and surgical technique and special precaution required during the operation. During open surgery surgeon to idle for 10–20 min trying to make a return on the bowel condition to prepare for bowel resection, and since its emergency condition and time essence for the surgeon so most of the time, surgeon would just proceed for bowel resection. Whereas, laparoscopic surgery allows ample time for the strangulated bowel to recover, and this in fact will avoid unnecessary laparotomy and bowel resection since most of the time the strangulated bowel can recovered if it allowed enough time for them to revascularize. In conclusion, laparoscopic approach for incarcerated or strangulated inguinal emergency hernias repair has its benefits in several areas over minimal access surgery which contribute to the improvement in clinical outcomes. However, careful selection of patients and a sufficient knowledge of anatomy and expertise in the reduction of the strangulated organs are required.
UPDATED GUIDELINES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
Authors: Hassan Khaled
Published: January 2021

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux is defined as a common physiologic phenomenon encountered intermittently by a large population, especially following a feed. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) happens if the number of gastric juice that refluxes into the esophagus passes the accepted limit, making symptoms with or without correlated esophageal mucosal injury (i.e., esophagitis). Diagnosis and treatment guidelines of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were announced in 1995 and updated in 2005 and lastly reviewed in 2013 by the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG). These and other guidelines undergo periodic review. Advances continue to be made in GERD, leading us to review and revise previous guideline statements. Here we aimed to review the different updated guidelines of diagnosis and treatment of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A web-based search utilizing the advanced characteristics of different databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane electronic databases was carried out.

Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Updates, Guidelines, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
A STUDY OF RADIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CSOM AND THEIR CO-RELATION WITH INTRA-OPERATIVE SURGICAL FINDING
Authors: Hansrajani Vishal , Agrawal Navin , Agrawal Chhavi , Shrivastav Kriti , Parmar Parul , Singh Ambalika , Narang Shivam , Sharma Priya
Published: January 2021

Introduction: HRCT temporal bone is the currently widely used investigation for the chronic otitis media patient especially in unsafe disease.

Aim: This study was conducted to assess the condition of the middle ear in CSOM by HRCT temporal bone and compare them with intraoperative finding of the middle ear cleft .

Method: Study group includes patients of Attico-antral variety of CSOM presenting in ENT OPD in our institution over a period of 18 months who undergone Computed Tomography Temporal bone followed by Surgical Procedure.

Results: After study it was observed that CT scan can reliably detect bony & soft tissue changes in middle ear and intracranial complication. It can detect soft tissue in the middle ear but can not differentiate between soft tissue and cholesteatoma. 

Conclusion: CT scan provides excellent anatomical details and pathological changes of the ear and mastoid. Scanning all the patients is not feasible and justified, so we need to select patients in whom diagnosis and extend of the diseases is in doubt.
The Role of Health Centers Services for Response to COVID-19 in Iran
Authors:   Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Seyedin Hesam , Sakhaei Fazeleh Sadat ,   Department of Pediatrics & Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Dowlati Mohsen ,   Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by a newly emergent coronavirus. Iran is one of the countries affected by the disease. Health center services have a critical role in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. This study with the aim of providing the functions and services of primary health care was performed by a health center in Iran during the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on the results, of the functions and services of the primary health care included purposive inter-organizational interaction and cooperation, risk analysis, planning, education and consultation, exercise, risk communication, environmental health, occupational health, and development of health infrastructures. Iran established and developed specific approaches for case identification, screening, and resource allocation to protect public health by primary health care services. Health center services are effective for a proper response to COVID-19 and a reduction in mortality by screening, rapid identification, and public education.
Measures to Control Covid-19 Epidemic in Public and Reduce the Patient Load in Hospitals: A Report From Iran
Authors:   Center for Disaster Management and Medical Emergencies, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., HabibiSaravi Reza , Saleh Tabari Yahya ,   Center for Disaster Management and Medical Emergencies, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Ghasemihamedani Fariba ,   Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Mazandaran Province, Sari, Iran.
Published: January 2021

After presenting the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in china, it has spread rapidly in the community and now has declared as a pandemic causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At the date of writing this report, the COVID-19 has affected 192 countries and one international conveyance (the Diamond Princess cruise ship harbored in Yokohama, Japan) around the world with the total cases of 341,529. In Iran, the emergence of the disease was reported with two cases of COVID-19 deaths in Qom city on February 19, 2020, that caused great concern for the health system and the general public. It was rapidly spread around the country and reach to 21,638 definite cases by March 22, 2020. The special nature of the disease in rapid transmission among individuals in society requires urgent measures and serious actions to control it as quickly as possible. In this report, we describe the current status of the COVID-19 response strategy for reducing transmission in public and patient load in hospitals in Iran. Although Iran has tried to use the successful experience of other countries, such as China, for various reasons, such as non-quarantine of Qom province, as the primary site of disease propagation, lack of public quarantine, lack of seriousness by some citizens and officials, the lack of facilities and personal protective equipment needed for staff use, and restrictions regarding purchasing equipment from other countries due to international sanctions, have served as obstacles to achieve good results.
Investigating People’s Anxieties and Concerns About COVID-19
Authors:   Department of Social Work, School of Behavioral Science, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Javadi Mohammad Hossein , Sayar Soraya ,   Department of Sociology, Faculty of Management & Social Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Sabzi Khoshnami Mohammad ,   Department of Social Work, School of Behavioral Science, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Noruzi Sara ,   Department of Social Work, School of Behavioral Science, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Memaryan Mahdokht ,   Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran., Azari Arghun Tahereh ,   Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran., Yaghob Farzaneh ,   Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Motiei Fatemeh ,   Department of Social Work, School of Behavioral Science, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Background: In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19’s outbreak as an international public health emergency. In March 2020, WHO evaluation showed that COVID-19 could be considered a pandemic disease. Nowadays, the spread of COVID-19 threatens all aspects of human living conditions. In this regard, the objectives of this research are to investigate the anxieties and concerns of the Iranian people regarding the spread of COVID-19 in the initial months of its outbreak. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with a qualitative methodology employing the conventional content analysis method. Data of anxieties and concerns of the general population were collected through social workers working at university/ medical schools throughout the country, affiliated healthcare centers, hotline 190, and social networks. The data collection process was saturated with 2920 theoretical data from February 27, 2020, to April 3, 2020. Results: Anxieties and concerns of community members were categorized into 8 areas: 1- Confusion in communication with the surrounding environment, 2- Concerns about vulnerable groups being affected, 3- The necessity of informational support, 4- Economic turmoil, 5- Shortage of preventive and treatment facilities, 6 -weakness of social capital, 7- Stressful and destructive atmosphere, 8- Approaches for crisis management situation. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, focusing and attention on people’s concerns in a transparent manner, and designing novel psychosocial support systems based on people’s real needs to control the disease spread result in the enhancement of social capital between community members to get through this crisis quickly.
You Might Transmit COVID-19 Only Via Talking; A Speech Therapy Perspective
Authors:   Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Ravanbakhsh Majid , Zamani Peyman ,   Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Published: January 2021

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in late 2019 and has gradually spread to all countries. Following the outspread of this virus as a community-acquired disease, many researchers have been trying to identify various factors involved in the transmission of the virus, as well as the ways to prevent its transmission from person to person. For example, researchers have found that ambient temperatures above 40°C and proper ventilation prevent the growth, proliferation, and transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), however; environmental humidity is largely ineffective for its transmission [1, 2].
Relationship Between Personality Traits and Nursing Professionalism
Authors:   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing Hazrat Zahra Abadeh,, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Masmouei Behnam , Bazvand Hossein ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Abadeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadeh, Iran., Harorani Mehdi ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Bazrafshan Mohammad-Rafi ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran., Karami Zahra ,   Clinical Nurse, Abadeh Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Abadeh, Iran., Jokar Mozhgan ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Background: Professionalism is among the major concepts of nursing. Besides, nursing professionalism is often associated with attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors that underlie the successful clinical practice. Personality traits can affect various aspects of an individual’s life. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between personality traits and nursing professionalism. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted on 205 nurses in teaching hospitals of Khoramabad City, Iran, in 2017. The study subjects were recruited by the stratified sampling method. NEO Personality Inventory and Goze Professional Behavior questionnaire were used to collect the required information. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Nursing professionalism had a direct relationship with extraversion (r=0.330, P<0.05), conscientiousness (r=0.333, P<0.05), and agreeableness (r=0.172, P=0.014); it also had an inversed relationship with neuroticism (r=- 0.161, P=0.021). Conclusion: The Big Five personality traits are strongly related to nursing professionalism; with conscientiousness and extraversion as the most pronounced traits. Nurses’ attitudes are partly rooted in their personality traits and these attitudes affect the nurse-patient relationship. Therefore, it is suggested that these characteristics be considered in appointing nurses in different departments.
The Effects of Children’s Pedagogical Songs on Social, Linguistic, and Written Skills Development in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors:   Department of Linguistics, Payam-e-Noor University, Tehran, Iran., Shabani Minaabad Malahat , Dorani Lomar Sara ,   Department of Linguistics, Payam-e-Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Background: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) lack sufficient language and writing abilities and experience delays in the development of their social activities. Thus, this study aimed at determining the effects of children’s pedagogical songs on the development of social as well as writing and speaking abilities in children with ASD. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and a control group design. The study sample consisted of 30 children aged 8-10 years with ASD referring to the Welfare Organization in 2018. The necessary data were collected by the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) and the Test of Language Development (TOLD). The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics as well as Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and one-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in Manhwa Text using SPSS. Results: The present research results suggested that rhythmic poetry training was effective on the development of social activities (P<0.01), linguistic skills (P<0.01), and writing abilities (P<0.05) in the explored subjects. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, poetry therapy increased using appropriate language skills, social skills, and written activities in children with ASD. We suggest implementing this method, as an effective intervention, in schools, health centers, and speech therapy centers for children with ASD.
Effects of Marriage Preparation Per Satir’s Communication Model and Narrative Therapy on Empathy and Emotional Expression in Single Young Adults
Authors:   Department of Counseling and psychology, Khomain Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomain, Iran., Boostani Kashani Amir Abbass , Khodabakhshi-Koolaee Anahita ,   Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran., Davoodi Hussein ,   Department of Counseling and psychology, Khomain Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomain, Iran., Heidari Hassan ,   Department of Counseling and psychology, Khomain Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomain, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Background: Empathy and emotional expression, as important psychological elements, significantly impact couples’ marital satisfaction. Premarital counseling models are designed to increase positive couples’ communication behaviors and emotional style. Accordingly, this study compared the effects of marriage preparation based on Satir’s communication model and narrative therapy on empathy and emotional expression in single young adults. Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test, post-test and a control group design. The research population included all girls and boys on the age of marriage who were referred to Vesta Counseling Clinic in Kashan City, Iran, from March 20th, to September 22nd, 2019. The study participants were 45 individuals who were selected by convenience sampling method. Then, they were randomly assigned to three groups (narrative therapy intervention, Satir intervention, and controls) of 15 clients. The research participants in the two intervention groups attended 11 sessions of narrative therapy and Satir communication therapy; however, the controls received no intervention. The data collection instruments were the Emotion Expression Scale (EES), and the Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy (QMEE). The research hypotheses were tested using the Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) by SPSS. Results: The present study results suggested that narrative therapy (F=53.97, P=0.0001) was more effective than Satir’s communication model (F=33.82, P=0.0001) in terms of emotional expression. Both intervention groups obtained higher mean scores on emotional expression, compared to the controls (F=29.005, P=0.0001). Besides, the narrative therapy group gained a higher Post-test mean score for empathy (F=101.12, P=0.0001), compared to the Satir group (F=84.93, P=0.0001). Besides, both interventions were more effective in the test groups, compared to the controls (F=68.27, P=0.0001). Conclusion: Narrative therapy was more effective for improving emotional expression and empathy, compared to Satir’s communication model. Family and marriage counselors are recommended to apply these premarital models for young single adults in counseling centers.
Mandala Coloring as Jungian Art to Reduce Bullying and Increase Social Skills
Authors:   Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran., Khodabakhshi-Koolaee Anahita , Darestani-Farahani Faezeh ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Background: Bullying and the lack of social skills are essential for future risk-related problems, such as delinquency and feelings of rejection in children. The present study aimed to assess the effects of coloring mandala as Jungian art to reduce bullying and increase social skills in Afghan male working children. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and a control group design. The research population included all 10- to 12-year-old Afghan immigrant boys in Tehran City, Iran, who were studying in Parto School for Working Children, in 2019. The research sample consisted of 30 children who have obtained maximum scores on the Illinois Bully Scale (IBS) and minimum scores on the Teenage Social Skills Inventory (TSSI). The research participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. Then, they were assigned to the control and treatment groups by drawing lots. The treatment group attended ten 45-minute sessions of coloring mandalas and Jungian art. The data collection tools were the IBS: Student Version (Espelage & Holt, 2001) and the TSSI (Inderbitzen & Foster, 1992). The data were analyzed using the one-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS. Results: The present research results suggested that the bullying scores for the participants in the treatment group significantly decreased at the post-test, compared to the pre-test (F=24.29, P=0.001); however, their social skills scores significantly increased at the post-test, in comparison with the pre-test (F=42.41, P=0.001). However, no significant differences were found in the bullying and social skills scores of the controls between the pre-test and post-test phases. Conclusion: Mandala coloring art was effective in reducing bullying behaviors and increasing social skills among the explored Afghan migrant working children. Therefore, this artistic method can be used as a suitable option for psychological therapies, teaching social skills, and creating participation and empathy in children in educational centers and schools for child labor.
Pregnancy Success Rates by Different Assisted Reproductive Techniques in Tubal, Ovarian, and Sperm Disorders
Authors:   Shahid Bahonar’s Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Hajaliakbari Hafezabad Zeinab , Ahmadi Gohari Milad ,   Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Future Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Kashi Faezeh ,   Shahid Bahonar’s Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Background: Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) have been used for addressing numerous causes of infertility. However, it remains unclear which kind of these methods are best for various infertility types. Accordingly, this study aimed at determining pregnancy success rates by different ART in tubal, ovarian, and sperm disorders. Methods: The present descriptive retrospective study used the records of individuals who had referred to the Infertility Center of Kerman University of Medical Sciences from March 2016 to December 2017. All subjects underwent Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). The sperm parameters were assessed based on the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) for determining the causes of male infertility. The data were documented and compared with the criteria of the WHO. Then, they were analyzed by analysis of variance, Paired Samples t-test, Chi-squared, or Fisher’s Exact tests using SPSS. Results: The overall Mean±SD fertility rate in IVF and ICSI was 4.28±2.87 and 3.62±2.54, respectively and the difference was not significant (t=1.02, P=0.319). There was a significant difference in the fertility rate due to tubal infertility (P=0.018) between ICSI and IVF; the fertility rate in the IVF method was significantly higher than that of the ICSI. The pregnancy rate in the freeze method was higher than those of the other methods (P<0.001). This discrepancy was also found in all causes of infertility. There was no significant difference in the disorders of sperm and the result of two methods (IVF/ICSI). Conclusion: The obtained results suggested that in the freeze method, the pregnancy rate was higher than other approaches; this discrepancy was found in all the causes of infertility. It is suggested that frozen-thawed embryo transfer be used in infertile individuals. This is because it increases the success rate of pregnancy and prevents complications due to the repeated use of infertility treatments and exorbitant treatment costs.