bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The PARP Inhibitor Veliparib Can Be Safely Added to Bendamustine and Rituximab and Has Preliminary Evidence of Activity in B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Soumerai Jacob D. , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Moskowitz Craig H. , Palomba M. Lia , Hamlin Paul A. , Noy Ariela , Straus David J. , Moskowitz Alison J. , Younes Anas , Matasar Matthew J. , Horwitz Steven M. , Portlock Carol S. , Konner Jason A. , Gounder Mrinal M. , Hyman David M. , Voss Martin H. , Fury Matthew G. , Gajria Devika , Carvajal Richard D. , Ho Alan L. , Beumer Jan H. , Kiesel Brian , Zhang Zhigang , Chen Alice , Little Richard F. , Jarjies Christine , Dang Thu O. , France Fallon , Mishra Nishant , Gerecitano John F.
Published: March 2017

Purpose: The PARP inhibitor veliparib enhances the cytotoxicity of alkylating agents. This phase I study evaluated veliparib with the bifunctional alkylator bendamustine (VB) in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and solid malignancies, with a cohort expansion of VB with rituximab (VBR) in patients with B-cell lymphomas.

Experimental Design: This dose-escalation study evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of veliparib (20–400 mg twice a day, days 1–7 of 28-day cycle) and bendamustine (70 and 90 mg/m2 intravenously, days 1 and 2). A cohort expansion was conducted, which combined veliparib and bendamustine at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) with rituximab (375 mg/m2, day 1) in patients with B-cell lymphomas. Thirty-four patients were treated in seven dose-escalation cohorts and seven patients in the dose-expansion cohort.

Results: The MTD was veliparib 300 mg twice daily plus bendamustine 90 mg/m2. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were anemia, nausea, hypertension, and hyperhidrosis. Grade ≥3 toxicities included lymphopenia (87.8%), anemia (19.5%), neutropenia (12.2%), thrombocytopenia (9.8%), leukopenia (9.8%), nausea (7.3%), and hypophosphatemia (7.3%). Apparent veliparib clearance was slightly lower than previously reported. Of 14 patients with lymphoma evaluable for response, five of seven (71%) on VB and six of seven (86%) on VBR achieved objective response. One patient with multiple myeloma achieved partial response.

Conclusions: VB and VBR were generally well-tolerated. VBR had preliminary clinical activity in patients with B-cell lymphoma, which warrants further investigation in a phase II trial. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01326702. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4119–26. ©2017 AACR.
Abituzumab Targeting of αV-Class Integrins Inhibits Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Jiang Yuan , Dai Jinlu , Yao Zhi , Shelley Greg , Keller Evan T.
Published: March 2017

Integrins that contain an integrin αV subunit contribute to multiple functions that promote cancer progression. The goal of this study was to determine whether abituzumab (DI17E6, EMD 525797), a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) against integrin αV impacts, prostate cancer progression. To evaluate this, prostate cancer cells were treated with DI17E6 and its effects on proliferation, apoptosis, cell-cycle, adhesion, detachment, migration, invasion and phosphorylation of downstream targets, including FAK, Akt, and ERK, were determined. DI17E6 promoted detachment and inhibited adhesion of prostate cancer cells to several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and cells found in the bone microenvironment but had no impact on cell viability, cell-cycle, and caspase-3/7 activity. DI17E6 inhibited migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. In addition, DI7E6 decreased phosphorylation of FAK, Akt, and ERK. These results indicate that inhibition of integrin αV with DI17E6 inhibits several prometastatic phenotypes of prostate cancer cells and therefore provide a rationale for further evaluation of DI17E6 for diminishing prostate cancer progression.

Implications: This work identifies that therapeutic targeting of integrins containing an αV integrin unit inhibits cancer progression and thus may be of clinical benefit. Mol Cancer Res; 15(7); 875–83. ©2017 AACR.
Quantitative Proteome Heterogeneity in Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Subtypes and Association with JAK2 Mutation Status
Authors: Socoro-Yuste Nuria , Čokić Vladan P. , Mondet Julie , Plo Isabelle , Mossuz Pascal
Published: March 2017

Apart from well-known genetic abnormalities, several studies have reported variations in protein expression in Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients that could contribute toward their clinical phenotype. In this context, a quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics protocol was used to identify differences in the granulocyte proteome with the goal to characterize the pathogenic role of aberrant protein expression in MPNs. LC/MS-MS (LTQ Orbitrap) coupled to iTRAQ labeling showed significant and quantitative differences in protein content among various MPN subtypes [polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF)], and according to the genetic status of JAK2 (JAK2V617F presence and JAK2V617F allele burden). A number of differentially expressed proteins were identified, with the most frequent being members of the RAS GTPase family and oxidative stress regulatory proteins. Subsequent analysis found that calreticulin (CALR), known to be involved in calcium homeostasis and apoptotic signaling, was overexpressed in JAK2V617F granulocytes compared with JAK2 wild type and independently of the JAK2V617F allele burden. Finally, it was demonstrated, in a Ba/F3 cell model, that increased calreticulin expression was directly linked to JAK2V617F and could be regulated by JAK2 kinase inhibitors.

Implications: In conclusion, these results reveal proteome alterations in MPN granulocytes depending on the phenotype and genotype of patients, highlighting new oncogenic mechanisms associated with JAK2 mutations and overexpression of calreticulin. Mol Cancer Res; 15(7); 852–61. ©2017 AACR.
Periorbital Ecchymosis (Raccoon Eye) and Orbital Hematoma following Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Nasiri Jafar , Zamani Farhad
Published: March 2017

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a conventional technique for diagnosis and treatment of pancratobiliary diseases, which is associated with various complications, including pancreatitis, hemorrhage, cholangitis, perforation, and mortality. In our case, a 69-year-old woman with positive hepatobiliary symptoms underwent ERCP, at the end of which a rare complication (raccoon eye) occurred, which was hypothesized to be due to amyloidosis, but the patient refused to complete the diagnostic procedure and became symptom free after 3 weeks. Racoon eye or periorbital ecchymosis is caused by blood tracking into periorbital tissues, which is frequently observed after head trauma but is also observed in systemic diseases, such as amyloidosis, neuroblastoma, and surgical interventions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of raccoon eye after ERCP; further reports will help to confirm that this complication should also be considered before performing ERCP and that complete diagnostic tests for the predisposing diseases prior to ERCP are necessary.
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Parenchymal Brain Development and Growth in the Healthy Fetus
Authors: Andescavage Nickie N. , DuPlessis Adre , McCarter Robert , Vezina Gilbert , Robertson Richard , Limperopoulos Catherine
Published: March 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to apply quantitative magnetic resonance imaging to characterize absolute cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) development, as well as its relative development to fetal brain parenchyma in the healthy human fetus. Design: We created three-dimensional high-resolution reconstructions of the developing brain for healthy fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks' gestation, segmented the parenchymal and CSF spaces, and calculated the volumes for the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles; extra-axial CSF space; and the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. From these data, we constructed normograms of the resulting volumes according to gestational age and described the relative development of CSF to fetal brain parenchyma. Results: Each CSF space demonstrated major increases in volumetric growth during the second half of gestation: third ventricle (23-fold), extra-axial CSF (11-fold), fourth ventricle (8-fold), and lateral ventricle (2-fold). Total CSF volume was related to total brain volume (p < 0.01), as was lateral ventricle to cerebral volume (p < 0.01); however, the fourth ventricle was not related to cerebellar or brainstem volume (p = 0.18-0.19). Relevance: Abnormalities of the CSF spaces are the most common anomalies of neurologic development detected on fetal screening using neurosonography. Normative values of absolute CSF volume, as well as relative growth in comparison to intracranial parenchyma, provide valuable insight into normal fetal neurodevelopment. These data may provide important biomarkers of early deviations from normal growth, better distinguish between benign variants and early disease, and serve as reference standards for postnatal growth and development in the premature infant.
Necrolytic Acral Erythema in Seronegative Hepatitis C
Authors: Srisuwanwattana Ploychompoo , Vachiramon Vasanop
Published: March 2017

Necrolytic acral erythema (NAE) is a distinctive skin disorder. The exact cause and pathogenesis is still unclear. Most studies report an association of NAE with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We report a 64-year-old woman who presented with chronic mildly pruritic brownish to erythematous rashes on both lateral malleoli for 7 months. The clinical and histopathological findings were compatible with NAE. However, the serologic marker for HCV was negative.
Multiple Drug Hypersensitivity
Authors: Pichler Werner J. , Srinoulprasert Yuttana , Yun James , Hausmann Oliver
Published: March 2017

Multiple drug hypersensitivity (MDH) is a syndrome that develops as a consequence of massive T-cell stimulations and is characterized by long-lasting drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) to different drugs. The initial symptoms are mostly severe exanthems or drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Subsequent symptoms due to another drug often appear in the following weeks, overlapping with the first DHR, or months to years later after resolution of the initial presentation. The second DHR includes exanthema, erythroderma, DRESS, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), hepatitis, and agranulocytosis. The eliciting drugs can be identified by positive skin or in vitro tests. The drugs involved in starting the MDH are the same as for DRESS, and they are usually given in rather high doses. Fixed drug combination therapies like sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim or piperacillin/tazobactam are frequently involved in MDH, and 30-40% of patients with severe DHR to combination therapy show T-cell reactions to both components. The drug-induced T-cell stimulation appears to be due to the p-i mechanism. Importantly, a permanent T-cell activation characterized by PD-1+/CD38+ expression on CD4+/CD25low T cells can be found in the circulation of patients with MDH for many years. In conclusion, MDH is a drug-elicited syndrome characterized by a long-lasting hyperresponsiveness to multiple, structurally unrelated drugs with clinically diverse symptoms.
Vitamin D Status, Gender Differences, and Cardiometabolic Health Disparities
Authors: Sanghera Dharambir K. , Sapkota Bishwa R. , Aston Christopher E. , Blackett Piers R.
Published: March 2017

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is an unrecognized epidemic found in India and also worldwide. Despite the high prevalence of diabetes among Indians, there is a paucity of data showing the relationship between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic disparities. In this study, we have examined the relationship between vitamin D and cardiometabolic traits in a population from India. Methods: Circulating 25(OH)D levels were measured in 3,879 participants from the Asian Indian Diabetic Heart Study using ELISA kits. Results: Vitamin D levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) in both men and women with obesity. However, compared to women, serum vitamin D was consistently lower in men (p < 0.02), irrespective of the presence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Multivariate regression revealed strong interaction of vitamin D with body mass index that resulted in increased fasting glucose (p = 0.001) and reduced homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B; p = 0.01) in normoglycemic individuals. However, in gender-stratified analysis, this association was restricted to men for both fasting glucose (p = 2.4 × 10-4) and HOMA-B (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency may significantly enhance the risk of cardiometabolic disease among Asian Indians. Future randomized trials and genetic studies are expected to clarify the underlying mechanisms for gender differences in vitamin D deficiency, and whether vitamin D-driven improvement in testosterone may contribute to beneficial cardiometabolic outcomes in men.
The Evolving Role of Rituximab in Adult Minimal Change Glomerulopathy
Authors: Brown Landon C. , Jobson Meghan A. , Payan Schober Fernanda , Chang Emily H. , Falk Ronald J. , Nachman Patrick H. , Pendergraft William F.
Published: March 2017

Background: Minimal-change glomerulopathy is defined histologically by the presence of normal glomeruli on light microscopy and diffuse podocyte effacement on electron microscopy. Although effective in children, corticosteroid treatment in adults is more variable and time to response can be prolonged. Data to support rituximab use in adults with corticosteroid-dependent or resistant minimal-change glomerulopathy are limited. Here, we describe the clinical course of adults with corticosteroid-dependent or -resistant minimal-change glomerulopathy who received rituximab. Methods: Demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed from all adult patients with native kidney, biopsy-proven, minimal-change glomerulopathy who were administered rituximab between 2009 and 2014 and cared for at the UNC Kidney Center. Results: Ten patients with corticosteroid-resistant (n = 5) or corticosteroid-dependent (n = 5) idiopathic minimal-change glomerulopathy were treated with rituximab between 2009 and 2014. Rituximab treatment induced remission in all 10 patients with a median time to remission of 2 months. The median time from rituximab to corticosteroid discontinuation was 3.5 months. The median remission time was 29 months and follow-up time was 39.5 months. No serious adverse events attributable to rituximab were observed. Conclusion: Rituximab induced remission in all patients with corticosteroid-dependent or -resistant minimal-change glomerulopathy, and may hold great therapeutic potential with good efficacy and minimal toxicity. Mounting evidence implies that a well-conducted randomized controlled clinical trial using rituximab in adults with minimal-change glomerulopathy in both corticosteroid-resistant and corticosteroid-dependent patients is warranted.
Cerebellar Fastigial Nucleus Electrical Stimulation Alleviates Depressive-Like Behaviors in Post-Stroke Depression Rat Model and Potential Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhao Mingkui , Sui Ru-Bo
Published: March 2017

Objective: To identify the molecular mechanism of post-stroke depression (PSD), and observe the therapeutic effects of cerebellar fastigial nucleus electrical stimulation (FNS) on the behaviors and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in a PSD rat model. Methods: Healthy SD rats were randomly divided into four groups (sham, stroke, post-stroke depress and FNS group). Sham group (n = 6) underwent sham operation. The other three groups (n = 6*3) underwent MCAO. Rats were examined twice a week in open filed test. Moreover, neuroprotective effect on cerebellar Purkinje cells and expression of cytokines in hippocampal tissue were examined. Results: The PSD group showed a significant weight loss, decreased consumption of sucrose water, reduced rearing and locomotor activities. The FNS significantly alleviates the body weight loss and sucrose preference, locomotor and rearing activities. The bilateral rCBF was also restored after FNS treatment. Moreover, FNS improved the neuroprotection via suppressing apoptosis of cerebellar Purkinje cells. And the inflammatory cytokines mRNA level in hippocampus was significantly decreased. Conclusion: FNS treatment alleviates depressive-like behaviors and rCBF in PSD rats model, which could be attributed to its ability to protect cerebellar Purkinje cells and decrease the mRNA level of inflammatory cytokines.
A High Speed Architecture for Lifting-based 2-D Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau (5,3) Discrete Wavelet Transform used in JPEG2000
Authors: Lone Mohammad Rafi , Ud-Din Najeed-
Published: March 2017

For real-time applications, efficient VLSI implementation of DWT is desired. In this paper, DWT architecture based on retiming for pipelining and unfolding is presented. The architecture is based on lifting one-dimensional Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau (CDF) (5,3) wavelet filter, which is easily extended to 2-D implementation. It consists of low complexity and easily repeatable components. This paper is focused on the critical path minimization and throughput optimization at the same time. The architecture has been implemented on Virtex 6 Xilinx FPGA platform. The implementation results show that the critical path is minimized four to five times, while throughput is doubled, making the overall architecture approximately ten times faster when compared with the conventional lifting-based DWT architecture. Further with parallel implementation, the throughput has doubled without any increase in number of row buffers, implying that the architecture is memory efficient as well. The even and odd rows of the image are scanned in parallel fashion. To perform the 2-D DWT transform of an image of size 15 Megapixels, it takes 16.86 ms, which implies 59 images of that size can be processed in one second. This can be utilized for real-time video processing applications even for high resolution videos.
Distribution and Prognostic Significance of Fragmented QRS in Patients With Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Morita Hiroshi , Watanabe Atsuyuki , Morimoto Yoshimasa , Kawada Satoshi , Tachibana Motomi , Nakagawa Koji , Nishii Nobuhiro , Ito Hiroshi
Published: March 2017

Background—

Fragmented QRS complexes (fQRS) in the right precordial leads are associated with occurrence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in Brugada syndrome. Recently, epicardial mapping has revealed abnormal electrograms at the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract and inferior region of the right ventricle. fQRS may reflect the extent of the area of abnormal potentials, but whether the distribution of fQRS has prognostic value is not known.

Methods and Results—

We evaluated the existence of fQRS in 456 patients with Brugada syndrome, including 117 patients with syncope and 23 patients with VF. The region of fQRS was defined as inferior (II, III, and aVF), lateral (I, aVL, and V5 and V6), anterior (V3 and V4), RV (V1 and V2), and RV outflow tract (V1 and V2 at the third intercostal space). fQRS were present in 229 patients (RV outflow tract in 175, inferior in 135, RV in 90, and lateral in 16 patients). During follow-up (mean 91 months), 39 patients experienced VF. In univariable analyses, fQRS in any distribution and fQRS in each region excluding the RV were associated with VF. Multivariable analysis showed that fQRS in the inferior (hazard ratio, 3.9; confidence interval, 1.9–8.5), lateral (hazard ratio, 3.5; confidence interval, 1.2–8.2), and RV outflow tract (hazard ratio, 2.5; confidence interval, 1.2–5.6) were associated with VF events. The presence of multiple regions of fQRS was associated with worse prognosis.

Conclusions—

The distribution of fQRS is associated with prognosis in Brugada syndrome, further supporting the association of fQRS and arrhythmia substrate.
Prehypertensive Blood Pressures and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Independently Relate to Cognitive Performance in Midlife
Authors: Jennings J. Richard , Muldoon Matthew F. , Ryan Christopher , Gach H. Michael , Heim Alicia , Sheu Lei K. , Gianaros Peter J.
Published: March 2017

Background

High blood pressure is thought to contribute to dementia in late life, but our understanding of the relationship between individual differences in blood pressure (
BP
) and cognitive functioning is incomplete. In this study, cognitive performance in nonhypertensive midlife adults was examined as a function of resting
BP
and regional cerebral blood flow (
rCBF
) responses during cognitive testing. We hypothesized that
BP
would be negatively related to cognitive performance and that cognitive performance would also be related to
rCBF
responses within areas related to
BP
control. We explored whether deficits related to systolic
BP
might be explained by
rCBF
responses to mental challenge.

Methods and Results

Healthy midlife participants (n=227) received neuropsychological testing and performed cognitive tasks in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. A pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling sequence assessed
rCBF
in brain areas related to
BP
in prior studies. Systolic
BP
was negatively related to 4 of 5 neuropsychological factors (standardized β>0.13): memory, working memory, executive function, and mental efficiency. The
rCBF
in 2 brain regions of interest was similarly related to memory, executive function, and working memory (standardized β>0.17); however,
rCBF
responses did not explain the relationship between resting systolic
BP
and cognitive performance.

Conclusions

Relationships at midlife between prehypertensive levels of systolic
BP
and both cognitive and brain function were modest but suggested the possible value of midlife intervention.
Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 Fragments Provide Incremental Prognostic Information on Cardiovascular Events in Patients With ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hjortebjerg Rikke , Lindberg Søren , Pedersen Sune , Mogelvang Rasmus , Jensen Jan S. , Oxvig Claus , Frystyk Jan , Bjerre Mette
Published: March 2017

Background

Fragments of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 4 (
IGFBP
‐4) are potential new biomarkers for cardiac risk assessment. The fragments are generated on specific cleavage by pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A, which exerts proatherogenic activity. This study investigated the prognostic value of
IGFBP
‐4 fragments in patients with
ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

We prospectively included 656 patients with
ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention from September 2006 to December 2008. Blood samples were drawn before percutaneous coronary intervention, and levels of intact
IGFBP
‐4 and N‐terminal and C‐terminal
IGFBP
‐4 fragments were measured by specific assays. End points were 5‐year all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality and the combined end point of major adverse cardiac events. Prognostic potential was evaluated on top of a clinical model in terms of discrimination, calibration, and reclassification analysis. During follow‐up, 166 patients experienced a major adverse cardiac event and 136 patients died, of whom 69 died from cardiovascular causes. Both
IGFBP
‐4 fragments were associated with all end points (
P
<0.001). After multivariable adjustments, both N‐terminal and C‐terminal
IGFBP
‐4 fragment levels remained associated with all end points, including cardiovascular mortality with hazard ratios per doubling in protein concentration of 2.54 (95% CI 1.59–4.07;
P
<0.001) and 2.07 (95% CI 1.41–3.04;
P
<0.001), respectively. Incorporation of
IGFBP
‐4 fragments into a clinical model with 15 risk factors improved C‐statistics and model calibration and provided incremental prognostic contribution, as assessed by net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement.

Conclusions

IGFBP
‐4 fragments are associated with increased risk of all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and major adverse cardiac events in patients with
ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction.
Performance of the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Pooled Cohort Risk Equations by Social Deprivation Status
Authors: Colantonio Lisandro D. , Richman Joshua S. , Carson April P. , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Howard George , Deng Luqin , Howard Virginia J. , Safford Monika M. , Muntner Paul , Goff David C.
Published: March 2017

Background

The atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (
ASCVD
) Pooled Cohort risk equations have shown different calibration across
US
populations with varied levels of social deprivation.

Methods and Results

We analyzed the calibration and discrimination of the Pooled Cohort risk equations by social deprivation status among 9066
REGARDS
(REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke) study participants not taking statins for whom
ASCVD
risk may lead to statin initiation. Patients were aged 45 to 79 years, had no
ASCVD
or diabetes mellitus, and had a low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level 70 to 189 mg/dL. Social deprivation was defined using 3 indicators: annual household income <$25 000, less than a high school education, and living without a partner. At baseline in 2003–2007, 54.6%, 27.4%, and 18.0% of participants had 0, 1, and 2 or 3 indicators showing deprivation, respectively. From baseline through December 2012, 457 participants developed
ASCVD
(nonfatal/fatal stroke, myocardial infarction, or coronary heart disease death). Predicted and observed
ASCVD
incidence per 1000 person‐years were 8.02 and 6.23 (95%
CI
, 5.31–7.31), respectively, among participants with 0 indicators of deprivation (Hosmer–Lemeshow
P
=0.01); 8.05 and 6.61 (95%
CI
, 5.29–8.24), respectively, with 1 indicator (
P
=0.09); and 9.83 and 11.40 (95%
CI
, 9.23–14.05), respectively, with 2 or 3 indicators (
P
=0.12). The C‐index (95%
CI
) was 0.72 (0.69–0.75), 0.73 (0.69–0.78), and 0.70 (0.65–0.75) among participants with 0, 1, and 2 or 3 indicators of deprivation, respectively. The net reclassification improvement after adding deprivation data to the Pooled Cohort risk equations was modest (0.12; 95%
CI
, 0.03–0.21).

Conclusions

The Pooled Cohort risk equations have good calibration among individuals with social deprivation but overestimate
ASCVD
risk among those with less social deprivation.
Performance on the Frontline of Tourist Decision Making
Authors: Wilson Jude , Moore Kevin
Published: March 2017

There have been recent calls to reconceptualize tourist decision-making models. This study presents evidence for a model that depicts on-site tourist decision making as a socially embedded (discursive) performance in which frontline tourism staff members play key roles. Such performances aim to achieve tourism experiences that serve the multiple interests of participants in the decision-making process. Interviews with frontline staff in Canterbury, New Zealand, revealed a “performance” in which a complex set of discursive skills, interpersonal strategies, and service attributes were displayed. Together these generate—via conversation—socially embedded environments of trust that, in turn, lead to outcomes optimized for decision-making effort, decision justifiability, and the avoidance of negative emotions. Findings are discussed within the framework of the “discursive action model,” which highlights a process that has appropriate tourist experience, deemed authentic, as its goal.
Safe city: Analysis of services for gender-based violence in Bengaluru, India
Authors: Chakraborty Shaonli , Kumar Shiv , Subramaniam Mangala
Published: March 2017

Discussions about addressing gender-based violence in cities often evoke the notion of ‘safety’ of women on the streets but fail to recognize that violence spans the private and public spheres. Situated within the broader scholarship on gender and urban spaces, this exploratory study relies on a mapping exercise of a purposive sample of stakeholders and 87 informal interviews in Bengaluru, India, to discuss the strategies they adopt for addressing violence. Stakeholders’ responses are fragmented and many services are reactiive rather than about prevention of violence. The authors attribute the lack of emphasis on prevention to scarce resources and expertise which results in agencies prioritizing working with survivors. Such prioritization reflects an international gap in thinking about the possibility of preventing violence before it occurs. The authors suggest there be concerted efforts by a consortium of agencies to develop preventive services and to ensure accountability for implementation, provision of resources for interventions, and evaluation of interventions.
Masculinities, sexualities and identities: Understanding HIV positive and HIV negative male rape victims
Authors: Javaid Aliraza
Published: March 2017

This empirical article focuses on how HIV intersects with male rape, and how the virus challenges and weakens male rape victims’ sense of masculinity. Drawing on hegemonic masculinity to elucidate the different ways in which men as victims of rape cope with their disease, the article argues that male victims handle the effects of rape themselves to keep their masculinity intact. Drawing on interviews with HIV positive and non-HIV positive male rape victims ( N = 15), it is argued that male victims of rape not only often struggle to manage their HIV status in a social sphere, but also may suffer contradictions in relation to embodying hegemonic masculinity. In addition to such struggles, male rape victims sometimes attract victim blaming attitudes, such as ‘he asked for it’, indicating that male rape victims are blamed for both contracting HIV and for being raped. HIV positive and non-HIV positive male rape victims question their masculinity while stigma develops through social relations with other people, particularly other men. Male rape myths are present in western society. This article seeks to open up a dialogue surrounding the salient issues associated with male rape, including HIV and male rape myths, while attempting to eliminate such harmful myths. It is important to tackle male rape myths because they can contribute to the underreporting of male rape and can compound male rape victims’ reluctance to seek help for their HIV, emotional and psychological suffering.
A Daily Diary Study of Executive Functions, Coping, and Mood Among Low-Income Latino Adolescents
Authors: Papadakis Jaclyn Lennon , Fuller Anne K. , Brewer Stephanie K. , Silton Rebecca L. , Santiago Catherine DeCarlo
Published: March 2017

This study used daily diary methodology to examine the association between executive functions and daily mood, as mediated by daily coping, among low-income Latino adolescents. Fifty-eight middle school students (53% male, [Formula: see text] = 13.31 years, 95% Latino) completed baseline measures assessing demographic characteristics and executive functions (working memory, inhibition, shifting). They subsequently completed seven consecutive daily diaries assessing daily coping (engagement, disengagement) and mood (positive, negative). Results revealed two significant mediation models: daily disengagement coping partially mediated the association between working memory and daily negative mood; daily disengagement coping partially mediated the association between inhibition and daily negative mood. Mediation models including shifting and engagement coping were not significant. Findings suggest that adolescents with poorer working memory and poorer inhibition may rely on maladaptive coping strategies, which can impact mood. Clinical implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Health-Related Behavior Mediates the Association Between Personality and Memory Performance in Older Adults
Authors: Allen Mark S. , Laborde Sylvain , Walter Emma E.
Published: March 2017

This prospective study explored the potential mediating role of health-related behavior (alcohol involvement, diet, television viewing, and physical activity) in the association between personality and change in memory performance over 2 years. A nationally representative sample of 8,376 U.K. participants aged 55 years and older (4,572 women, 3,804 men) completed self-report measures of personality and health-related behavior in 2010, and completed a memory performance task in 2010 and 2012. After removing variance associated with potential confounding variables, neuroticism and agreeableness had negative associations, and openness and conscientiousness positive associations with change in memory performance. There were no moderation effects by age, sex, education level, or ethnicity. Multiple mediator models demonstrated that physical activity, television viewing, and alcohol intake mediated associations between personality and change in memory performance. These findings provide evidence that the association between personality and memory performance in older adults can be explained, in part, through health-related behavior.
Using Management Inquiry to Co-Construct Other Memories About the Future
Authors: Larsen Mette Vinther , Willert Søren
Published: March 2017

The focal point in this article is to explore how management inquiry in the context of reflexive dialogical action research can be used as a way for researchers and managers to jointly construct knowledge that partakes in developing organizational life from “within.” This article builds on the acknowledgment that people in organizations have memories of the future. And it is argued that the prospective memories managers have of how an organizational dilemma will unfold in the nearby future shape their actions and co-construction of meaning in the present. In the article, we exemplify and explore how researchers and managers by using “unadjusted responses” and “social poetics” as ways of gesturing and responding can engage in management inquiry and enhance the future managers remember to make room for more desirable future memories to emerge that expand managers’ possible space for action in the present.
Bridging the Research–Practice Divide: A Study of Scholar-Practitioners’ Multiple Role Management Strategies and Knowledge Spillovers Across Roles
Authors: Carton Guillaume , Ungureanu Paula
Published: March 2017

This study investigates the relationship between multiple role management strategies and knowledge spillovers across roles. We focus on a particular category of boundary-spanning professionals, the scholar-practitioners—professionals who work across the boundaries of academic and practice worlds—and apply a role theory lens to study (a) the sources of interrole conflict they experience at role boundaries, (b) the strategies of multiple role management they enact, and (c) the knowledge spillovers associated to such strategies. We develop a grounded model that describes three role management strategies, which occupy different positions on a role separation–integration continuum, and generate different mechanisms of knowledge spillover. Our study sheds light on the understudied relationship between role management strategies and knowledge consequences, and the type of tensions individuals experience in this process. In addition, we discuss how the strategic management of teaching, research, and practical application roles can help bridge academic and managerial practice worlds.
Leaders, Power, and the Paradoxical Position: Fantasies for Leaders’ Liberation
Authors: Abreu Pederzini Gerardo David
Published: March 2017

In this article, I explore how by furthering our understanding of the concept of power, a critical perspective of the leaders and power debate could emerge, where leaders are no longer only sources of power and almighty heroes but, by contrast, become accepted for the impotence that concurrently characterizes them too. The paradoxical position, of how leaders are demanded to control things they cannot, is an example of power over leaders. In order to cope, with power over them, such as their paradoxical position, leaders fantasize, and through their own fantasies, leaders could liberate themselves. By taking the case of England’s higher education sector and its leaders, where primary qualitative research was done during a recent period of turmoil, the article explores how leaders through their fantasizing could liberate themselves from their paradoxical position. Particularly, I explore the role of magical realist fantasies, which disguise the fantasy as a matter-of-fact.
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: Factor Structure of the Father-Report and Parent Agreement in 2-Year-Old Children
Authors: D’Souza Stephanie , Waldie Karen E. , Peterson Elizabeth R. , Underwood Lisa , Morton Susan M. B.
Published: March 2017

There is limited research on the preschool version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and comparisons between mothers and fathers as informants and whether the factor structure shows measurement invariance across parents is lacking. Our study involved mothers ( n = 6,246) and fathers ( n = 3,759) of 2-year-old children from the Growing Up in New Zealand birth cohort. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the factor structure of the SDQ and test for measurement invariance across mothers and fathers. For fathers, we found support for a modified five-factor model that accounts for a positive construal method effect. Internal consistency was good for measures except peer problems. Full measurement invariance of this modified model was found across mothers and fathers, and parents showed moderate agreement in their SDQ ratings (0.34 ≤ r ≤ 0.44). More research is needed on whether mother- and father-reports differ in sensitivity when screening for early childhood psychiatric disorders.
Validation of the French Version of Conners’ Parent Rating Scale–Revised, Short Version (CPRS-R:S): Scale Measurement Invariance by Sex and Age
Authors: Fumeaux Pierre , Roche Sylvain , Mercier Catherine , Iwaz Jean , Bader Michel , Stéphan Philippe , Écochard René , Revol Olivier
Published: March 2017

Objective: ADHD is one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition to clinical assessment, its diagnosis requires the use of validated and reliable behavior questionnaires such as the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale–Revised: Short Form (CPRS-R:S). Though various French versions of the CPRS-R:S have been already put to use in clinical practice and research, only a few have undergone a stringent validation process. After a previous validation of the factorial structure of Lausanne French version, we sought here for the analysis of its invariance across sex and age. Method: This validation step was carried out in a rather homogeneous French population of 365 boys and 374 girls from a single school. Two-age classes were considered: children (boys and girls) aged 9 to 11 years ( n = 258) and adolescents aged 12 to 15 years ( n = 481). Results: Regarding age, dimension Oppositional showed a strong invariance whereas dimensions Hyperactivity and Cognitive problems/Inattention showed a partially strong invariance. Regarding sex, dimensions Oppositional and Hyperactivity showed a partially strong invariance whereas dimension Cognitive problems/Inattention showed a partially weak invariance. The distribution of the CPRS-R:S scores is given by sex and age class. Conclusion: The Lausanne French version of the CPRS-R:S, already validated regarding its factorial structure, internal consistency, and reliability, is here validated regarding its invariance across sex and age. Caution should be taken in using dimension Cognitive problems/Inattention in comparisons between boys and girls.
Bone marrow transplantation prevents right ventricle disease in the caveolin-1–deficient mouse model of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Asosingh Kewal , Wanner Nicholas , Weiss Kelly , Queisser Kimberly , Gebreab Liya , Kassa Biruk , Stuehr Eric , Graham Brian , Erzurum Serpil
Published: March 2017

Key Points

Caveolin-1 deficiency in hematopoietic stem cells induces right heart disease. Healthy BM protects the right heart from maladaptation.
The First US Clinical Experience With Computer-Assisted Propofol Sedation: A Retrospective Observational Comparative Study on Efficacy, Safety, Efficiency, and Endoscopist and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Lin Otto S. , Kozarek Richard A. , Tombs Deborah , La Selva Danielle , Weigel Wade , Beecher Ryan , Jensen Ana , Gluck Michael , Ross Andrew
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND:

Computer-assisted propofol sedation (CAPS) is now approved for moderate sedation of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I and II patients undergoing routine endoscopy. As the first US medical center to adopt CAPS for routine clinical use, we compared patient and endoscopist satisfaction with CAPS versus midazolam and fentanyl (MF) sedation.

METHODS:

Patients who underwent elective outpatient upper endoscopy and colonoscopy with CAPS were compared with concurrent patients sedated with MF. The primary end points were patient satisfaction (measured by the validated Patient Sedation Satisfaction Index [PSSI]), and endoscopist satisfaction (Clinician Sedation Satisfaction Index [CSSI]). Secondary end points included procedural success rates, polyp detection rates, adverse events, and procedure/recovery times. Multivariable regression was used for comparative analysis.

RESULTS:

CAPS was utilized to sedate 244 patients, of whom 55 underwent upper endoscopy, 173 colonoscopy, and 16 double procedures. During the same period, 75 upper endoscopies, 223 colonoscopies, and 30 doubles were performed with MF on similar patients. For upper endoscopy, the procedural success rate was 98.2% for CAPS versus 98.7% for MF (P = .96), whereas for colonoscopy, the success rate was 98.9% vs 98.8% (P = .59). Colonoscopic polyp detection rate was 54.5% for CAPS and 59.3% for MF (P = .67). Procedure times were similar between CAPS and MF. For CAPS, the mean recovery time was 26.4 vs 39.1 minutes for MF (P < .001). One CAPS patient required mask ventilation, 4 experienced asymptomatic hypotension or desaturation, and 5 experienced marked agitation resulting from undersedation. For MF, 5 patients had hypotension or desaturation, and 8 experienced undersedation. For colonoscopy, the CAPS group had higher PSSI scores for sedation adequacy, the recovery process and global satisfaction, and higher CSSI scores for ease of sedation administration, the recovery process and global satisfaction. For upper endoscopy and doubles, the CAPS CSSI score was higher for the recovery process only. All P values were adjusted for confounding by using regression analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:

In low-risk patients, CAPS appears to be effective and efficient. CAPS is associated with higher satisfaction than MF for colonoscopies and, to a lesser extent, upper endoscopies.
Do-Not-Resuscitate Status Is Associated With Increased Mortality But Not Morbidity
Authors: Walsh Elisa C. , Brovman Ethan Y. , Bader Angela M. , Urman Richard D.
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND:

Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders instruct medical personnel to forego cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the event of cardiopulmonary arrest, but they do not preclude surgical management. Several studies have reported that DNR status is an independent predictor of 30-day mortality; however, the etiology of increased mortality remains unclear. We hypothesized that DNR patients would demonstrate increased postoperative mortality, but not morbidity, relative to non-DNR patients undergoing the same procedures.

METHODS:

Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for 2007–2013, we performed a retrospective analysis to compare DNR and non-DNR cohorts matched by the most common procedures performed in DNR patients. We employed univariable and multivariable logistic regression to characterize patterns of care in the perioperative period as well as identify independent risk factors for increased mortality and assess for the presence of “failure to rescue.”

RESULTS:

The most common procedures performed on DNR patients were emergent and centered on immediate symptom relief. When adjusting for preoperative factors, DNR patients were still found to have increased incidence of postoperative mortality (odds ratio 2.54 [2.29–2.82], P < .001) but not postoperative morbidity at 30 days. In addition, cardiopulmonary resuscitative measures and unplanned intubation were found to be less frequent in the DNR cohort.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings suggest that increased mortality is the result of adherence to goals of care rather than “failure to rescue.”
Effects of a Lidocaine-Loaded Poloxamer/Alginate/CaCl2 Mixture on Postoperative Pain and Adhesion in a Rat Model of Incisional Pain
Authors: Choi Geun Joo , Kang Hyun , Hong Min Eui , Shin Hwa Yong , Baek Chong Wha , Jung Yong Hun , Lee Younsuk , Kim Jeong Wook , Park IL Kyu , Cho Wan Jin
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND:

Pain and adhesion are problematic issues after surgery. Lidocaine has analgesics and anti-inflammatory properties, and poloxamer/alginate/CaCl2 (PACM) is a known antiadhesive agent. We hypothesized that the novel combination of lidocaine as chemical barrier and PACM as physical barrier would be beneficial for both postoperative pain and adhesion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lidocaine-loaded PACM in a rat model of incisional pain. Primary outcome was to evaluate between-group differences for the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) measured by von Frey filament in various concentrations of lidocaine-loaded PACM applied, PACM applied, and sham-operated groups.

METHODS:

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the postoperative pain model. After plantar incision and adhesion formation, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4% lidocaine-loaded PACM, PACM only, nothing, and 4% lidocaine only were applied at the incision site in groups PL0.5, PL1, PL2, PL4, P, S, and L4, respectively. MWT using a von Frey filament and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured. Rats were euthanized 2 weeks after surgery, and inflammation and fibrosis were assessed with microscopy. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, multivariate analysis of variance, and linear mixed-effect model. To compare MWT at each time point, analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction was used.

RESULTS:

Multivariate analysis of variance showed that 4% lidocaine-loaded PACM significantly raised the MWT up to 6 and 8 hours after surgery compared with lidocaine-unloaded groups S and P, respectively; 2% lidocaine-loaded PACM significantly increased the MWT at 4 hours after surgery compared with groups S and C. Linear mixed-effect model showed that the MWT (estimated difference in means [95% confidence interval]) was significantly increased in groups PL2 and PL4 (6.58 [2.52–10.63], P = .002; 11.46 [7.40–15.51], P < .001, respectively) compared with group P. Inflammation and fibrosis seen on microscopic evaluation were significantly decreased in groups PL2 and PL4 compared with group S. Four percent of lidocaine only showed a significant reduction in inflammation. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were decreased in lidocaine-loaded groups compared with group S or P at 1, 2, and 48 hours, and 2 weeks after surgery, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Lidocaine-loaded PACM reduced postoperative pain, and lidocaine strengthened the antiadhesive effect of PACM.