bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Project Robust Scheduling Based on the Scattered Buffer Technology
Authors: Pang Nansheng , Su Huifang , Shi Yingling
Published: April 2018

The research object in this paper is the sub network formed by the predecessor’s affect on the solution activity. This paper is to study three types of influencing factors from the predecessors that lead to the delay of starting time of the solution activity on the longest path, and to analyze the influence degree on the delay of the solution activity’s starting time from different types of factors. On this basis, through the comprehensive analysis of various factors that influence the solution activity, this paper proposes a metric that is used to evaluate the solution robustness of the project scheduling, and this metric is taken as the optimization goal. This paper also adopts the iterative process to design a scattered buffer heuristics algorithm based on the robust scheduling of the time buffer. At the same time, the resource flow network is introduced in this algorithm, using the tabu search algorithm to solve baseline scheduling. For the generation of resource flow network in the baseline scheduling, this algorithm designs a resource allocation algorithm with the maximum use of the precedence relations. Finally, the algorithm proposed in this paper and some other algorithms in previous literature are taken into the simulation experiment; under the comparative analysis, the experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper is reasonable and feasible.
A CFD Results-Based Approach to Investigating Acoustic Attenuation Performance and Pressure Loss of Car Perforated Tube Silencers
Authors: Zhang Hao , Fan Wei , Guo Li-Xin
Published: April 2018

This paper proposes an approach to investigating the effect of different temperatures and flow velocities on the acoustic performance of silencers in a more accurate and meticulous fashion, based on steady computational results of the flow field inside the silencer using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This approach can transfer the CFD results—including temperature and flow velocity distribution—to acoustic meshes by mesh mapping. A numerical simulation on the sound field inside the silencer is then performed, using the CFD results as a boundary condition. This approach facilitates the analysis of complex silencer designs such as perforated tube silencers, and the numerical predictions are verified by a comparison with available experimental data. In the case of the three-pass perforated tube silencer of a car, the proposed approach is implemented to calculate the transmission loss (TL) of the silencer at different temperatures and flow velocities. We found that increasing the air temperature shifts the TL curve to a higher frequency and reduces the acoustic attenuation at most frequencies. As the air flow increases, the curve moves to a slightly lower frequency and the acoustic attenuation increases slightly. Additionally, the pressure loss of perforated tube silencers could be calculated according to the total pressure distribution of their inlet and outlet from the steady computational results using CFD.
First Principles Study of Topochemical Effects and Electronic Structure Relationships between ANCl and A2N2Se (A = Zr, Ce) Assimilated to Pseudo-Binaries: {AN}Cl and {A2N2}Se
Authors: Matar Samir
Published: April 2018

Topochemical and electronic structure relationships are shown upon going from ANCl to A2N2Se (A = Zr, Ce) through metathesis. The chalcogen Se (divalent) displacing halogen Cl (monovalent) modifies the arrangements of A–N monolayers within ANCl (…Cl|{AN}|Cl… sequences) to double layers in A2N2Se (…Se|{A2N2}|Se… sequences). The investigation carried out in the framework of the quantum density functional theory DFT points to peculiar features pertaining to the dominant effect of the A–N covalent bond stronger than ionic A–Cl and ionocovalent A–Se, as identified from analyses of bonding from overlap integral, charge transfer, electron localization function mapping. Electronic density of states shows semi-conducting behavior due to the tetravalent character of A. The resulting overall pseudo-binary compounds are expressed formally with full ionization as {AN}Cl and {A2N2}Se.
Wire Mesh Dampers for Semi-Floating Ring Bearings in Automotive Turbochargers: Measurements of Structural Stiffness and Damping Parameters
Authors: Ryu Keun , Yi Howon
Published: April 2018

The current work introduces a new semi-floating ring bearing (SFRB) system developed for improving the rotordynamic and vibration performance of automotive turbochargers (TCs) at extreme operation conditions, such as high temperature, severe external force excitation, and large rotor imbalance. The new bearing design replaces outer oil films, i.e., squeeze film dampers (SFDs), in TC SFRBs with wire mesh dampers (WMDs). This SFRB configuration integrating WMDs aims to implement reliable mechanical components, as an inexpensive and simple alternative to SFDs, with consistent and superior damping capability, as well as predictable forced performance. Since WMDs are in series with the inner oil films of SFRBs, experimentally determined force coefficients of WMDs are of great importance in the design process of TC rotor-bearing systems (RBSs). Presently, the measurements of applied static load and ensuing deflection determine the structural stiffnesses of the WMDs. The WMD damping parameters, including dissipated energy, loss factor, and dry friction coefficient, are estimated from the area of the distinctive local hysteresis loop of the load versus WMD displacement data recorded during consecutive loading-unloading cycles as a function of applied preload with a constant amplitude of motion. The changes in WMD loss factor and dry friction coefficient due to increases in preload are more significant for the WMDs with lower density. The present work shows, to date, the most comprehensive measurements of static load characteristics on the WMDs for application into small automotive TCs. More importantly, the extensive test measurements of WMD deflection versus increasing static loads will aid to anchor predictions of future computation model.
Evaluation of Uniformity and Glare Improvement with Low Energy Efficiency Losses in Street Lighting LED Luminaires Using Laser-Sintered Polyamide-Based Diffuse Covers
Authors: Gago-Calderón Alfonso , Hermoso-Orzáez Manuel , De Andres-Diaz Jose , Redrado-Salvatierra Guillermo
Published: April 2018

Energy saving in street lighting is garnering more interest and has become a priority in municipal management. Therefore, LED luminaires are gradually becoming prevalent in our cities. Beyond their energy/economic saving potential, quality in public lighting installations concerns aspects such as uniformity and glare which must be maintained if not improved in any installation renewal project using this technology. The high light intensity generated in a discrete point in LED packages and its directional nature result in significant deficiencies in these last two parameters. To soften these effects, translucent covers are being used as one of the most common solutions with the drawback of significant light intensity losses. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the behavior of LED luminaire’s polyamide-based optical covers manufactured with a laser-sintered process. These are designed to improve glare and uniformity output, to minimize light output reductions, and to be industrially manufactured with no increment of cost for their lighting equipment compared to conventional transparent polycarbonate solutions. A laboratory and field lighting test study has been applied to different covers with the same LED lamp and luminaire to compare the performance of three different solutions built with different polymeric materials and with different light transmission surface textures. The photometric results have been observed and discussed to demonstrate the ability to significantly improve the lighting performance of LED luminaires—illuminance and uniformity levels and discomfort and disability glare indexes— using an improved optic cover.
Investigation of the Effect of Debris-Induced Damage for Constructing Tsunami Fragility Curves for Buildings
Authors: Macabuag Joshua , Rossetto Tiziana , Ioannou Ioanna , Eames Ian
Published: April 2018

Catastrophe models quantify potential losses from disasters, and are used in the insurance, disaster-risk management, and engineering industries. Tsunami fragility and vulnerability curves are key components of catastrophe models, providing probabilistic links between Tsunami Intensity Measures (TIMs), damage and loss. Building damage due to tsunamis can occur due to fluid forces or debris impact; two effects which have different implications for building damage levels and failure mechanisms. However, existing fragility functions are generally derived using all available damage data for a location, regardless of whether damage was caused by fluid or debris effects. It is therefore not clear whether the inclusion of debris-induced damage introduces bias in existing functions. Furthermore, when modelling areas likely to be affected by debris (e.g., adjacent to ports), it is not possible to account for this increased likelihood of debris-induced damage using existing functions. This paper proposes a methodology to quantify the effect that debris-induced damage has on fragility and vulnerability function derivation, and subsequent loss estimates. A building-by-building damage dataset from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami is used, together with several statistical techniques advanced in the field of fragility analysis. First, buildings are identified which are most likely to have been affected by debris from nearby ‘washed away’ buildings. Fragility functions are then derived incorporating this debris indicator parameter. The debris parameter is shown to be significant for all but the lowest damage state (“minor damage”), and functions which incorporate the debris parameter are shown to have a statistically significant better fit to the observed damage data than models which omit debris information. Finally, for a case study scenario simulated economic loss is compared for estimates from vulnerability functions which do and do not incorporate a debris term. This comparison suggests that biases in loss estimation may be introduced if not explicitly modelling debris. The proposed methodology provides a step towards allowing catastrophe models to more reliably predict the expected damage and losses in areas with increased likelihood of debris, which is of relevance for the engineering, disaster risk-reduction and insurance sectors.
The Silk Route from Land to Sea
Authors: Weatherford Jack
Published: April 2018

The Silk Route reached its historic and economic apogee under the Mongol Empire (1207–1368), as a direct result of the policies of Chinggis Khan (Genghis Khan) and his successors. Because the land network proved inefficient for the amount of goods needing transport from one part of the empire to another, the Mongols expanded the Silk Route to ocean shipping and thus created the first Maritime Silk Route. The sea traffic initially expanded the land routes but soon strangled them. With the expansion of the Maritime Silk Route through the fourteenth century, the land connections reverted to local networks and lost their global importance.
The Politics of Photobooks: From Brecht’s War Primer (1955) to Broomberg & Chanarin’s War Primer 2 (2011)
Authors: Buckley Bernadette
Published: April 2018

This essay intervenes in debates about the depiction of conflict since 1945, by comparing two highly significant photographic ‘hacks’: Brecht’s War Primer (Kriegsfibel) 1955; and Broomberg & Chanarin’s War Primer 2, 2011. Kriegsfibel is a collection of images, snipped from wartime newspapers and magazines, which Brecht selected and situated alongside the four-line verses that he used to comment upon and re-caption his pictures. These acerbic ‘photo–epigrams’ captured Brecht’s view, firstly, that photography had become a ‘terrible weapon against truth’ and secondly, that by repositioning the individual image, its political instrumentality might be restored. When, more than half a century later, Broomberg & Chanarin decide to re-work Kriegsfibel to produce War Primer 2, they effectively crash into and redouble the Brechtian hack; updating and further complicating Brecht’s insights; re-animating his original concerns with photography as a form of collective historical elucidation and mounting, literally on top of his pictures of wartime conflict, images from the ‘war on terror’. This essay argues that the re-doubling of War Primer performs multiple critical tasks. It explores the Kriegsfibel as a dynamic confrontation with images of war and stages the enduring need to interrogate and actively re-function images of conflict from WW2 to the present day. It re-examines debates about images as weapons of war in themselves, and finally, it situates the Kriegsfibel assemblage in relation to contemporary understandings of ‘post-truth’.
A Comparative Study of Behavior Problems among Left-Behind Children, Migrant Children and Local Children
Authors: Hu Hongwei , Gao Jiamin , Jiang Haochen , Jiang Haixia , Guo Shaoyun , Chen Kun , Jin Kaili , Qi Yingying
Published: April 2018

This study aims to estimate the prevalence of behavioral problems among left-behind children, migrant children and local children in China, and to compare the risks of behavioral problems among the three types of children. Data on 4479 children aged 6–16 used in this study were from a survey conducted in China in 2017. The school-age version of the Children Behavior Checklist was used to measure children’s behavioral problems. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and logistic regressions were conducted. The prevalence of behavioral problems was 18.80% and 13.59% for left-behind children and migrant children, respectively, both of which were higher than that of local children. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustments for individual and environmental variables, the likelihood of total, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems for left-behind children and migrant children were higher than those for local children; left-behind children had a higher likelihood of internalizing problems than externalizing problems, while migrant children had a higher prevalence of externalizing problems. Left-behind children had a higher prevalence of each specific syndrome than migrant and local children. Both individual and environmental factors were associated with child behavioral problems, and family migration may contribute to the increased risks. Left-behind and migrant children were more vulnerable than local children to behavioral problems.
Annexin A1: Uncovering the Many Talents of an Old Protein
Authors: Sheikh Madeeha , Solito Egle
Published: April 2018

Annexin A1 (ANXA1) has long been classed as an anti-inflammatory protein due to its control over leukocyte-mediated immune responses. However, it is now recognized that ANXA1 has widespread effects beyond the immune system with implications in maintaining the homeostatic environment within the entire body due to its ability to affect cellular signalling, hormonal secretion, foetal development, the aging process and development of disease. In this review, we aim to provide a global overview of the role of ANXA1 covering aspects of peripheral and central inflammation, immune repair and endocrine control with focus on the prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the molecule in cancer, neurodegeneration and inflammatory-based disorders.
Diatomite Photonic Crystals for Facile On-Chip Chromatography and Sensing of Harmful Ingredients from Food
Authors: Kong Xianming , Yu Qian , Li Erwen , Wang Rui , Liu Qing , Wang Alan
Published: April 2018

Diatomaceous earth—otherwise called diatomite—is essentially composed of hydrated biosilica with periodic nanopores. Diatomite is derived from fossilized remains of diatom frustules and possesses photonic-crystal features. In this paper, diatomite simultaneously functions as the matrix of the chromatography plate and the substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), by which the photonic crystal-features could enhance the optical field intensity. The on-chip separation performance of the device was confirmed by separating and detecting industrial dye (Sudan I) in an artificial aqueous mixture containing 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA), where concentrated plasmonic Au colloid was casted onto the analyte spot for SERS measurement. The plasmonic-photonic hybrid mode between the Au nanoparticles (NP) and the diatomite layer could supply nearly 10 times the increment of SERS signal (MBA) intensity compared to the common silica gel chromatography plate. Furthermore, this lab-on-a-chip photonic crystal device was employed for food safety sensing in real samples and successfully monitored histamine in salmon and tuna. This on-chip food sensor can be used as a cheap, robust, and portable sensing platform for monitoring for histamine or other harmful ingredients at trace levels in food products.
A Visualization Technique of a Unique pH Distribution around an Ion Depletion Zone in a Microchannel by Using a Dual-Excitation Ratiometric Method
Authors: Mogi Katsuo
Published: April 2018

The ion depletion zone of ion concentration polarization has a strong potential to act as an immaterial barrier, separating delicate submicron substances, including biomolecules, without causing physical damage. However, the detailed mechanisms of the barrier effect remain incompletely understood because it is difficult to visualize the linked behavior of protons, cations, anions, and charged molecules in the thin ion depletion zone. In this study, pH distribution in an ion depletion zone was measured to estimate the role of proton behavior. This was done in order to use it as a tool with good controllability for biomolecule handling in the future. As a result, a unique pH peak was observed at several micrometers distance from the microchannel wall. The position of the peak appeared to be in agreement with the boundary of the ion depletion zone. From this agreement, it is expected that the pH peak has a causal connection to the barrier effect of the ion depletion zone.
Positioning Locality Using Cognitive Directions Based on Indoor Landmark Reference System
Authors: Wang Yankun , Fan Hong , Chen Ruizhi , Li Huan , Wang Luyao , Zhao Kang , Du Wu
Published: April 2018

Locality descriptions are generally communicated using reference objects and spatial relations that reflect human spatial cognition. However, uncertainty is inevitable in locality descriptions. Positioning locality with locality description, with a mapping mechanism between the qualitative and quantitative data, is one of the important research issues in next-generation geographic information sciences. Spatial relations play an important role in the uncertainty of positioning locality. In indoor landmark reference systems, the nearest landmarks can be selected when describing localities by using direction relations indoors. By using probability operation, we combine a set of uncertainties, that is, near and direction relations to positioning locality. Some definitions are proposed from cognitive and computational perspectives. We evaluate the performance of our method through indoor cognitive experiments. Test results demonstrate that a positioning accuracy of 3.55 m can be achieved with the semantically derived direction relationships in indoor landmark reference systems.
A Teleo-Reactive Node for Implementing Internet of Things Systems
Authors: Sánchez Pedro , Álvarez Bárbara , Antolinos Elías , Fernández Diego , Iborra Andrés
Published: April 2018

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of today’s main disruptive technologies and, although massive research has been carried out in recent years, there are still some open issues such as the consideration of software engineering methods and tools. We propose the adoption of the Teleo-Reactive approach in order to facilitate the development of Internet of Things systems as a set of communicating Teleo-Reactive nodes. The software behavior of the nodes is specified in terms of goals, perceptions and actions over the environment, achieving higher abstraction than using general-purpose programming languages and therefore, enhancing the involvement of non-technical users in the specification process. Throughout this paper, we describe the elements of a Teleo-Reactive node and a systematic procedure for translating Teleo-Reactive specifications into executable code for Internet of Things devices. The case study of a robotic agent is used in order to validate the whole approach.
A New Design of a Single-Device 3D Hall Sensor: Cross-Shaped 3D Hall Sensor
Authors: Tang Wei , Lyu Fei , Wang Dunhui , Pan Hongbing
Published: April 2018

In this paper, a new single-device three-dimensional (3D) Hall sensor called a cross-shaped 3D Hall device is designed based on the five-contact vertical Hall device. Some of the device parameters are based on 0.18 μm BCDliteTM technology provided by GLOBALFOUNDRIES. Two-dimensional (2D) and 3D finite element models implemented in COMSOL are applied to understand the device behavior under a constant magnetic field. Besides this, the influence of the sensing contacts, active region’s depth, and P-type layers are taken into account by analyzing the distribution of the voltage along the top edge and the current density inside the devices. Due to the short-circuiting effect, the sensing contacts lead to degradation in sensitivities. The P-type layers and a deeper active region in turn are responsible for the improvement of sensitivities. To distinguish the P-type layer from the active region which plays the dominant role in reducing the short-circuiting effect, the current-related sensitivity of the top edge (Stop) is defined. It is found that the short-circuiting effect fades as the depth of the active region grows. Despite the P-type layers, the behavior changes a little. When the depth of the active region is 7 μm and the thickness of the P-type layers is 3 μm, the sensitivities in the x, y, and z directions can reach 91.70 V/AT, 92.36 V/AT, and 87.10 V/AT, respectively.
Sparse Reconstruction Based Robust Near-Field Source Localization Algorithm
Authors: Li Sen , Li Bing , Lin Bin , Tang Xiaofang , He Rongxi
Published: April 2018

Non-Gaussian impulsive noise widely exists in the real world, this paper takes the α-stable distribution as the mathematical model of non-Gaussian impulsive noise and works on the joint direction-of-arrival (DOA) and range estimation problem of near-field signals in impulsive noise environment. Since the conventional algorithms based on the classical second order correlation statistics degenerate severely in the impulsive noise environment, this paper adopts two robust correlations, the fractional lower order correlation (FLOC) and the nonlinear transform correlation (NTC), and presents two related near-field localization algorithms. In our proposed algorithms, by exploring the symmetrical characteristic of the array, we construct the robust far-field approximate correlation vector in relation with the DOA only, which allows for bearing estimation based on the sparse reconstruction. With the estimated bearing, the range can consequently be obtained by the sparse reconstruction of the output of a virtual array. The proposed algorithms have the merits of good noise suppression ability, and their effectiveness is demonstrated by the computer simulation results.
Mechanism of Cesium Adsorption by Carbonized Rice Hull and Beech Sawdust
Authors: Miura Asa
Published: April 2018

This study used the results of breakthrough experiments to elucidate the mechanism of cesium adsorption on carbonized rice hull and beech sawdust. The shape of the breakthrough curves and the substance eluted from the carbonized rice hull and beech sawdust were investigated for various flow speeds and concentrations of the solute through the adsorbent layer. The ratio of the Cs concentration at the column outlet (C) to that at the inlet (C0), C/C0, was calculated to evaluate the mechanism. It was found that carbonized rice hull could slowly adsorb Cs as the Cs solution passed through the fixed-bed layer. On the other hand, beech sawdust could rapidly adsorb Cs upon contact with the Cs solution. It was, therefore, suggested that the two materials adsorbed Cs through an ion-exchange reaction with potassium on their respective surfaces. Moreover, the shape of the breakthrough curve of beech sawdust changed as the Cs concentration at the column inlet was varied. This phenomenon was presumably caused by a factor other than the swelling or contraction of the adsorption layer. Further analysis revealed that the breakthrough curve of beech sawdust is indicative of an overshoot phenomenon when cesium was adsorbed by beech sawdust.
The Properties of Planck Galactic Cold Clumps in the L1495 Dark Cloud
Authors: Tang Mengyao , Liu Tie , Qin Sheng-Li , Kim Kee-Tae , Wu Yuefang , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Yuan Jinghua , Wang Ke , Parsons Harriet , Koch Patrick M. , Sanhueza Patricio , Ward-Thompson D. , Tóth L. Viktor , Soam Archana , Won Lee Chang , Eden David , Francesco James Di , Rawlings Jonathan , Rawlings Mark G. , Montillaud Julien , Zhang Chuan-Peng , Cunningham M. R.
Published: April 2018

Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCCs) possibly represent the early stages of star formation. To understand better the properties of PGCCs, we studied 16 PGCCs in the L1495 cloud with molecular lines and continuum data from Herschel, JCMT/SCUBA-2, and the PMO 13.7 m telescope. Thirty dense cores were identified in 16 PGCCs from 2D Gaussian fitting. The dense cores have dust temperatures of T
d = 11–14 K, and H2 column densities of

N

H

2

 = (0.36–2.5) × 1022 cm−2. We found that not all PGCCs contain prestellar objects. In general, the dense cores in PGCCs are usually at their earliest evolutionary stages. All the dense cores have non-thermal velocity dispersions larger than the thermal velocity dispersions from molecular line data, suggesting that the dense cores may be turbulence-dominated. We have calculated the virial parameter α and found that 14 of the dense cores have α <2, while 16 of the dense cores have α >2. This suggests that some of the dense cores are not bound in the absence of external pressure and magnetic fields. The column density profiles of dense cores were fitted. The sizes of the flat regions and core radii decrease with the evolution of dense cores. CO depletion was found to occur in all the dense cores, but is more significant in prestellar core candidates than in protostellar or starless cores. The protostellar cores inside the PGCCs are still at a very early evolutionary stage, sharing similar physical and chemical properties with the prestellar core candidates.
Opening a Window on ICME-driven GCR Modulation in the Inner Solar System
Authors: Winslow Reka M. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Lugaz Noé , Guo Jingnan , Joyce Colin J. , Jordan Andrew P. , Wilson Jody K. , Spence Harlan E. , Lawrence David J. , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F. , Mays M. Leila
Published: April 2018

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) often cause Forbush decreases (Fds) in the flux of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). We investigate how a single ICME, launched from the Sun on 2014 February 12, affected GCR fluxes at Mercury, Earth, and Mars. We use GCR observations from MESSENGER at Mercury, ACE/LRO at the Earth/Moon, and MSL at Mars. We find that Fds are steeper and deeper closer to the Sun, and that the magnitude of the magnetic field in the ICME magnetic ejecta as well as the “strength” of the ICME sheath both play a large role in modulating the depth of the Fd. Based on our results, we hypothesize that (1) the Fd size decreases exponentially with heliocentric distance, and (2) that two-step Fds are more common closer to the Sun. Both hypotheses will be directly verifiable by the upcoming Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter missions. This investigation provides the first systematic study of the changes in GCR modulation as a function of distance from the Sun using nearly contemporaneous observations at Mercury, Earth/Moon, and Mars, which will be critical for validating our physical understanding of the modulation process throughout the heliosphere.
Expansion and Brightness Changes in the Pulsar-wind Nebula in the Composite Supernova Remnant Kes 75
Authors: Reynolds Stephen P. , Borkowski Kazimierz J. , Gwynne Peter H.
Published: April 2018

We report new Chandra X-ray observations of the shell supernova remnant Kes 75 (G29.7−0.3) containing a pulsar and pulsar-wind nebula (PWN). Expansion of the PWN is apparent across four epochs—2000, 2006, 2009, and 2016. We find an expansion rate between 2000 and 2016 of the northwest edge of the PWN of 0.249% ± 0.023% yr−1, for an expansion age R/(dR/dt) of 400 ± 40 yr and an expansion velocity of about 1000 km s−1. We suggest that the PWN is expanding into an asymmetric nickel bubble in a conventional Type IIP supernova. Some acceleration of the PWN expansion is likely, giving a true age of 480 ± 50 yr. The pulsar’s birth luminosity was larger than the current value by a factor of 3–8, while the initial period was within a factor of 2 of its current value. We confirm directly that Kes 75 contains the youngest known PWN, and hence the youngest known pulsar. The pulsar PSR J1846−0258 has a spindown-inferred magnetic field of 5 × 1013 G; in 2006, it emitted five magnetar-like short X-ray bursts, but its spindown luminosity has not changed significantly. However, the flux of the PWN has decreased by about 10% between 2009 and 2016, almost entirely in the northern half. A bright knot has declined by 30% since 2006. During this time, the photon indices of the power-law models did not change. This flux change is too rapid to be due to normal PWN evolution in one-zone models.
First record of Ianiropsis cf. serricaudis in Maryland Coastal Bays, USA (Crustacea, Peracarida, Janiridae)
Authors: Morales-Núñez Andrés G. , Chigbu Paulinus
Published: April 2018

During monthly sampling of benthic invertebrates at 13 stations in the Maryland Coastal Bays (MCBs) from March to December 2012, a total of 29 individuals of Ianiropsiscf.serricaudis were collected. This species is being reported for the first time in MCBs. A detailed illustration and description of an adult male of I.cf.serricaudis from MCBs is presented. An illustrated key of males ofIaniropsisspecies belonging to the palpalis-group is also presented. The size of the largest male was 3.0 mm and that of the largest female was 2.5 mm. It is possible that I.cf.serricaudis was present in the MCBs, but overlooked during previous surveys of marine benthic invertebrates in the area because of its small body size and lack of taxonomic expertise.
Origins of Discordant Responses among 3 Rheumatoid Arthritis Improvement Criteria
Authors: Ward Michael M. , Guthrie Lori C. , Alba Maria I. , Dasgupta Abhijit
Published: April 2018

Objective.

We examined agreement between the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR), and Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) response criteria in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and tested whether discordant responses were associated with patients’ baseline characteristics or changes in RA activity encapsulated by the different criteria.

Methods.

In a prospective longitudinal study, we examined responses of 243 patients with active RA to escalation of antirheumatic treatment. We computed agreement between pairs of response criteria using κ coefficients and identified patient characteristics associated with unique responses to individual criteria.

Results.

We found that 110 patients (45.3%) had an ACR 20% improvement (ACR20) response, 135 (55.5%) had a EULAR moderate/good response, and 83 (34.1%) had an SDAI50 response. Agreement was moderate to good (ACR20/EULAR κ 0.57; ACR20/SDAI50 κ 0.64; EULAR/SDAI50 κ 0.59). All who had SDAI50 response also had a EULAR response. Patient characteristics at baseline generally did not distinguish those who responded to both, 1, or neither criterion. Discordance was most often because of improvements in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein level among EULAR and SDAI50 responders, which were not as common among ACR20 responders. Based on receiver-operating characteristic curves, SDAI35 response had a better balance of sensitivity and specificity relative to ACR20 and EULAR moderate/good responses than SDAI50.

Conclusion.

Discordant responses to RA improvement criteria are most often because of differences in responses of acute-phase reactants. SDAI35 response had higher sensitivity for improvement, as reflected by other response criteria, than SDAI50 response.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score Predicts Therapy Response: Results of the German ArthroMark Cohort
Authors: Sewerin Philipp , Le Lien , Vordenbäumen Stefan , Schleich Christoph , Sengewein Ruben , Brinks Ralph , Pongratz Georg , Bleck Ellen , Lesch Juliane , Mansmann Ulrich , Schneider Matthias , Ostendorf Benedikt
Published: April 2018

Objective.

Markers for treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are lacking. The aim of the study was to assess the performance of the RA magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system (RAMRIS) in combination with serum biomarkers to predict response to methotrexate (MTX) treatment in therapy-naive patients with early RA by using high-field MRI.

Methods.

Twenty-eight patients with RA were prospectively assessed with baseline 3-T MRI of the clinical dominant hand, 3 and 6 months after MTX. The patients met the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria [average age 56.8 yrs (range 39–74); positive for rheumatoid factor and/or anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies; disease duration < 6 mos (range 2–23 weeks)]. RAMRIS and serum biomarkers consisting of various experimental proteins including receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) were obtained. Remission or treatment response was defined according to EULAR. To adjust for intrapersonal correlation, generalized linear mixed models were used.

Results.

Treatment response at 3 months was associated to low RAMRIS erosion subscores and low total RAMRIS scores (p = 0.019 and 0.03, respectively). Remission at 6 months was associated to low RANKL levels (p = 0.033). In multivariate analyses, response at 3 and 6 months was predicted more accurately with the inclusion of total RAMRIS score, RAMRIS synovitis subscore at the second metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint, or a combination of the two (p value likelihood ratio test = 0.035, 0.035, and 0.041, respectively). Remission was more accurately predicted with inclusion of RANKL, with no significant predictive effect of MRI.

Conclusion.

Baseline total RAMRIS can predict EULAR response. RAMRIS synovitis subscore at the second MCP joint and RANKL are associated with response and remission, respectively.
« Délinquance des mineures : statistiques »
Authors: Choquet Luc-Henry
Published: April 2018

Les études statistiques permettent de poser concrètement la question du genre dans la justice des mineurs. Les données portant sur les mises en cause, le traitement judiciaire, la répartition par nationalités des mineurs détenus, illustrent l’existence d’un traitement différentiel des filles et des garçons, que vient compléter un regard porté sur l’impact particulièrement frappant de la polyvictimisation sur la délinquance des filles de moins de dix-huit ans.
La violence au féminin : un « objet introuvable » ?
Authors: Le Goaziou Véronique
Published: April 2018

La violence au féminin a longtemps paru comme un épiphénomène, une monstruosité, en tout cas une anomalie. Cet article tente de comprendre comment elle est pensée aujourd’hui au regard d’une double tension. L’émancipation croissante des femmes, mais un contexte de forte réprobation à l’égard de tout usage de la violence, d’une part. Une moindre proportion persistante des jeunes filles et des femmes dans les agirs violents, en dépit d’une égalité renforcée entre les deux sexes, d’autre part.
La délinquance des filles : une dérive nosographique ?
Authors: Hirschelmann-Ambrosi Astrid , Hubert Julie
Published: April 2018

La spécificité de la délinquance des filles semble davantage résulter des impasses et pratiques de prises en charge judiciaire ou institutionnelle, que relever d’une particularité liée au genre. À travers l’exposé d’une étude clinique d’une jeune femme aux prises de la délinquance depuis ses treize ans, nous souhaitons sensibiliser à l’éthique du sujet, à savoir une analyse sans prescription a priori et qui soit la plus fidèle possible à l’événement, son vécu et le contexte de vie dans lequel il se situe.
Mineurs incarcérés : honte et souffrance identitaire
Authors: Guerraoui Zohra , Pelissie Denis , Gouzvinski Françoise
Published: April 2018

Cet article porte sur des adolescents incarcérés issus de la migration. L’analyse de leur discours a mis en exergue leur sentiment de rejet par la société, leur honte à être soi et leur souffrance identitaire. La légitimation de leur parole au sein d’un groupe d’expression a ouvert la voie à une rencontre et leur a permis d’avancer dans la mise en sens de leurs transgressions et de leur histoire. Ils ont ainsi pu opérer des réaménagements psychiques afin d’élaborer leur compromis culturel, susceptible de les réconcilier avec leurs multiples affiliations.
Vicissitudes de l’intégration du féminin
Authors: Chagnon Jean-Yves , Matha Catherine , Matos do Amparo Deise , Pheulpin Marie-Christine
Published: April 2018

Cet article traite des vicissitudes de l’intégration du féminin chez des adolescents délinquants, plus particulièrement sexuels, qui surinvestissent certains aspects apparents de la masculinité, comme les traits de caractère narcissique-phallique. Du fait de traumatismes narcissiques précoces, ces sujets luttent défensivement contre l’intégration des positions passives assimilées à une passivation et une féminisation mortifères.
Boulimie et délinquance : le féminin incestuel
Authors: Houssier Florian
Published: April 2018

L’hypothèse centrale de cet article porte sur l’idée que le conflit central de Lisa, une jeune femme boulimique, mue par des fantasmes omnipotents. Le fonctionnement boulimique de Lisa implique une perte des limites soi/non-soi provoquant des franchissements de la loi. Sa complicité incestuelle avec sa mère nous amène à explorer la problématique de personnalisation-différenciation caractérisant le travail de subjectivation d’une adolescente et ses incidences sur la construction de sa féminité.
Le délit : un langage adressé
Authors: Blanquet Brigitte , Vaz-Cerniglia Célia
Published: April 2018

Cet article interroge le sens de la mise en scène du délit chez certains adolescents. Nous considérons l’évènement délictueux comme un véritable langage de l’affect qui s’exprime sur une scène diurne à l’instar du modèle du rêve. Le délit emprunte une voie d’élaboration qui transforme les pensées du rêve en images sensorielles afin de rendre figurable la nature des éprouvés internes.
Adolescentes, agirs délinquants et convocation du répondant
Authors: Pinel Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2018

Cet article rend compte du travail psychique que les équipes instituées ont à soutenir lorsqu’elles accueillent et prennent soin d’adolescentes dont les comportements délinquants suscitent des mécanismes de résonance émotionnels et fantasmatiques particulièrement aigus. L’hypothèse est que les agirs transgressifs de ces adolescentes sont des recours à l’acte à visée offensive, défensive et figurative – qui requièrent un exigeant travail d’élaboration de la part des équipes.
Violence subie-agie : des errances du féminin
Authors: Smaniotto Barbara , Guinard Maïa
Published: April 2018

Au fil de la rencontre avec une adolescente placée dans un cadre judiciaire, nous interrogerons l’intrication de la violence subie à la violence agie, et leurs modalités de répétition. Après avoir exploré les registres dans lesquels s’inscrit la répétition, nous envisagerons le destin des motions entravées. L’acte et son achoppement dans la violence pourraient alors s’entendre comme des errances du féminin. Nous conclurons par quelques réflexions autour de la prise en charge de ces problématiques.
Auto- et hétéro-agressivité dans les recours à l’acte
Authors: Guérin Alain
Published: April 2018

La singularité de la délinquance féminine, considérée sur les plans intrapsychique, intersubjectif et social, s’exprimerait par une démarcation floue entre l’auto- et l’hétéro-agressivité. Dans les recours à l’acte des jeunes filles, il en résulterait une tentative de destruction du féminin érotique, chez l’autre et chez le sujet « l’auto-féminicide ». La fragilité des identifications, l’impact de la culture et de l’environnement, la problématique dépressive et la sexualité seraient au premier plan.
Le double au psychodrame et les adolescents « limites »
Authors: Boutinaud Jérôme , Chabert Philippe
Published: April 2018

Le psychodrame psychanalytique individuel avec des adolescents qui présentent une problématique limite met en évidence le rôle fondamental de la technique du double. Cette modalité d’intervention favorise l’inscription dans le dispositif et constitue une réponse adaptée face aux agirs, à la prévalence de l’éprouvé sur la pensée, et aux angoisses plurielles. Le jeu partagé avec un co-thérapeute incarnant le double permet, dans la durée, la délimitation d’un espace psychique et corporel plus sécure.
Violence meurtrière à l’adolescence et travail maternel
Authors: Debout Frédérique
Published: April 2018

Il faut qu’on parle de Kevin , roman épistolaire de L. Shriver, offre un matériel clinique interrogeant la rationalité d’une conduite meurtrière d’un adolescent tueur de onze personnes dans l’Amérique des années 80. Nous sont donnés à lire la souffrance liée au travail de maternage et éducatif – le travail maternel – ainsi que les achoppements de celui-ci qui semblent au cœur de la conduite meurtrière. C’est ainsi les liens entre violence, pensée et Kultur qui se trouvent ici réinterrogés.
L'État, l'économie et le sport
Authors: Bourdieu Pierre
Published: April 2018

Le spectacle sportif apparent cache le système réel des agents apparents en lutte autour d'enjeux commerciaux. La logique néo-libérale et la télévision ont été parmi les facteurs les plus puissants de la conversion du sport en spectacle et en support de communication. Le processus fait l'objet d'une résistance différentielle selon la force de la tradition étatique. La relation très spéciale entre l'État et le sport qui, en France, fait de ce dernier un service public, peut servir de référence à une utopie réaliste selon laquelle les vertus éducatives du sport seraient valorisées.
La réinvention du foot en Italie
Authors: Lanfranchi Pierre
Published: April 2018

Le football commence à s'implanter en Italie au cours de la dernière décennie du XIX e siècle. Deux modes de diffusion du jeu bien distincts et souvent antagonistes peuvent être identifiés. Dans les grandes villes du nord de la péninsule, Gênes, Turin et Milan, les courants anglophiles de la bourgeoisie d'affaires s'associent à des étrangers (Suisses, Britanniques, Autrichiens) employés comme cadres dans l'industrie pour fonder les premiers grands clubs de « Football » (AC Milan, Genoa, Torino, Inter). Ils interprètent le football comme un élément de distinction et d'affirmation de la modernité anglophile. L'autre voie de pénétration passe par les sociétés de gymnastique qui introduisent dès 1893 des compétitions de football. Elles voient dans le jeu, la « palla al calcio », le successeur des pratiques romaines ou du « calcio fiorentino » pratiqué au XVI e siècle. Quand le football est un sport hivernal, pour les sociétés de gymnastique, le « calcio » est un sport estival réservé aux seuls Italiens. Elles recrutent essentiellement dans les bourgades du Nord-Est, du Piémont et de la Lombardie. Pendant deux décennies, jusqu'à la Première Guerre mondiale, les conflits entre les deux groupements révèlent des luttes plus profondes entre deux conceptions de la nation, de l'économie et du sport. Le compromis à l'italienne qui donnera naissance à la Federazione italiana giuoco calcio, les querelles de clocher et la nationalisation progressive du jeu dans les années Vingt devaient permettre au calcio de s'affirmer pendant les vingt années du Fascisme comme l'une des réalisations essentielles de la Révolution nationale.
Un professionnalisme de résignation en France
Authors: Wahl Alfred
Published: April 2018

Le professionalisme s'est instauré tardivement en France. Les sports anglais étaient, à l'origine, l'apanage exclusif des couches élevées de la société. Le sportif était un amateur et devait le rester. La création d'une fédération et de compétitions indépendantes des autorités officielles du football et le succès croissant des matchs ont obligé l' establishment de ce sport, à la suite de nombreuses résistances et avec beaucoup de réticences, à accepter le professionnalisme.
Le pays du sport face au sport le plus populaire du monde
Authors: Korr Charles P.
Published: April 2018

En 1988, la FIFA accorda aux États-Unis le droit d'héberger la Coupe du Monde de 1994. L'un des résultats de cette décision fut d'induire un débat houleux entre les supporters, les autorités du football et de nombreux observateurs du jeu sur l'opportunité de laisser le plus grand événement de sport d'équipes du monde avoir lieu dans un pays dont l'équipe s'était rarement qualifiée pour le championnat et où le football était considéré comme un sport secondaire. La principale cause de mécontentement vis-à-vis de la FIFA et de colère envers les États-Unis fut que la décision fut ressentie comme le résultat de considérations bassement commerciales et le sentiment que les États-Unis n'avaient pas réellement « fait leurs classes » dans le football international. Cet article étudie l'attitude des Américains envers la Coupe du Monde et construit des parallèles autour du fait que les États-Unis n'ont a jamais fait preuve de beaucoup d'enthousiasme pour les sports internationaux. L'importance de « jouer pour son pays » n'a jamais vraiment fait partie de l'expérience américaine. Autant que l'idée que l'on octroie les termes de « World séries », « superbowl », et titre de « National Basketball Association » présenté comme Championnat du Monde de Basket, puisse amuser nombre d'universitaires non-Américians bien intentionnés, il n'en demeure pas moins vrai que ces mots ont une résonnance dans l'esprit des Américains. La reconnaissance de leur importance et une compréhension du fondement de l'attitude des Américians à l'encontre de la Coupe du Monde présentent à nos yeux une façon utile d'approcher le particularisme culturel des États-Unis et le rôle du sport en tant que miroir des identités culturelles nationales.
Le football en Iran
Authors: Bromberger Christian
Published: April 2018

Ce qui a l'apparence anodine du fait divers sportif peut cristalliser et préfigurer l'évolution profonde d'une société. La qualification pour la Coupe du Monde a été le signe le plus visible de l'ouverture progressive de l'Iran. Quelque soit le régime, les sports ont toujours été dans ce pays étroitement associés à la vie politique. Comme l'essor des autres sports internationaux, l'engouement pour le football participe d'un processus de modernisation de la société iranienne où des valeurs telles que l'individualisme, la compétition, l'ascension sociale par le mérite tentent de s'affirmer.
Tango et football dans l'imagerie nationale argentine
Authors: Archetti Eduardo
Published: April 2018

Le sport et la danse, en tant que pratiques corporelles, sont des pratiques culturelles et relèvent donc d'un même univers. C'est dire qu'il existe des rapports d'affinité entre le sport, la danse et la musique en Amérique Latine, notamment entre le danzon et le baseball à Cuba, la samba et le football au Brésil, le tango et le football en Argentine. Depuis 1910-1930 l'exportation des pratiques culturelles et de ceux qui les incarnent (danseurs et joueurs) et des spectacles « sons et images » argentins a été associée au tango (une création locale) et au football (une invention anglaise). On analyse ici l'impact historique et sociologique de ces pratiques corporelles dans la construction d'un imaginaire argentin qui trouve une part de son fondement dans les pays d'importation.