bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Cyber Intrusion Detection
Authors: Al Farsi Ahmed , Khan Ajmal , Bait-Suwailam Mohammed M. , Mughal Muhammad Rizwan
Published: December 2024

Continuing development of network technologies and the escalation of cyber threats have heightened the the requirement for IDS or Intrusion Detection System solutions. There are two issues that may remain a challenge for IDS techniques developed within the scope of traditional approaches: the accuracy of detection and applicability of measures.
the face of evolving threats. This paper focus on comparing ten machine learning algorithms (Artificial Neural Network (ANN), K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting (GB), AdaBoost (AB), and XGBoost) using the CICIDS2017 dataset, which represents a wide array of network intrusions in traditional network environments.

The main purpose of this research is to measure the efficiency of these algorithms from different learning attacks in order to develop a real-time intrusion detection system. The performance of each model is further evaluated by examining some metrics values. The results show that XGBoost, followed by other ensemble based models, that include Random Forest and Gradient Boosting, provide almost 100\% detection rates, making them some of the best models to tackle large and skewed data sets. These algorithms were able to achieve high accuracy across the board and also in identifying the minority attack classes that are so relevant in a good IDS.

On the other hand, there were under-performed algorithms such as Naive Bayes and AdaBoost to discover specific types of attacks suggesting their infeasibility when used for intricate intrusion detection problems without further enhancement. Traditional algorithms such as SVM and Logistic Regression showed good overall accuracy but faced challenges with minority classes, highlighting the need for advanced techniques to improve their performance.

This analysis underscores the strengths and limitations of different machine learning algorithms in detecting sophisticated cyber threats within traditional network architectures. The findings provide valuable insights for selecting optimal models in designing robust and scalable intrusion detection systems for current and next-generation networks. Future work should focus on addressing class imbalance and enhancing model generalization to improve detection rates for underrepresented attack types, thereby strengthening the overall security posture against emerging cyber threats.
A Study on the Vibration and Noise Reduction of Scrolling-Type Electric Compressor for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Kim ChaeSil , Ha NeungGyo
Published: December 2024

In this study, the causes of vibration and noise reduction occurring in electric compressors for electric vehicles are analyzed and a reduction plan is proposed. Firstly, after measuring the impact hammer modal on the housing of the electric compressor, it was compared and reviewed with the ANSYS Modal analysis. There was no significant difference between the analysis results of main housing, rear housing, and front housing and the measurement results, so the mode analysis was judged to be reliable. As a result of mode analysis of the single part status and assembly status of the part, it is judged that the natural frequency of the part is not the direct cause of the noise. The main noise sources were analyzed in the 600-800 Hz band, 4,000-5,000 Hz band, and 10,000 Hz band, and the 10,000 Hz band was able to reduce noise according to the change in the carrier frequency of the motor inverter, and the 4,000-5,000 Hz band showed a significant effect by adjusting the clearance at the time of discharge, and it was confirmed that noise in the 600-800 Hz band could be reduced to some extent by expanding the inner space of the rear housing.
Genomic Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Using Whole Genome Sequencing Data
Authors: Tristancho-Baró Alexander , Franco Laura , Ariza Mónica , Milagro Ana , López-Calleja Ana Isabel , Fortuño Blanca , López Concepción , Latorre-Millán Miriam , Clusa Laura , Martínez Rosa , Torres Carmen , Rezusta Antonio
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections pose a significant public health threat by worsening patient outcomes, contributing to hospital outbreaks, and increasing the health and economic burden. Advanced genomic tools enhance the detection of resistance genes, virulence factors, and high-risk clones, thus improving the management of MDR infections. In the Autonomous Community of Aragon, the carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) diversity and incidence have increased during the last years. This study analyses CPE trends at a tertiary hospital in Spain from 2021-2023, aiming to optimize personalised medicine. Methods: CPE isolates were the first isolate per patient, year, species, and carbapenemase from January 2021 to December 2023. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution method. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using Illumina. The genomes were thoroughly analysed to determine their complete taxonomic classification, resistoma and plasmidome composition, and sequence typing using a suite of bioinformatics approaches. Results: Between 2021 and 2023, 0.4% of all isolates were CPE. The CPE rate tripled in 2022 and doubled again in 2023. The most common species was Klebsiella pneumoniae (51.8%) and the most common carbapenemase was blaoxa-48. WGS revealed concordant species identification and detailed carbapenemase distribution. Resistance rates to critical antibiotics such as carbapenems were variable but in most cases above 70%. Genetic diversity was observed in WGS and phylogenetic analyses, with plasmids often mediating carbapenemase dissemination. Conclusions: The increasing rate of CPE in healthcare settings highlights a critical public health challenge, with limited treatment options. Genomic characterization is essential to understand resistance mechanisms, aid therapy, limit outbreaks and improve precision medicine.
Finite Element Analysis of Functionally Loaded Subperiosteal Implants Evaluated on a Realistic Model Reproducing Severe Atrophic Jaws
Authors: Pellegrino Gerardo , Karaban Maryia , Scalchi Veronica , Urbani Marco , Giudice Amerigo , Barausse Carlo , Felice Pietro
Published: December 2024

Implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation for patients with severely atrophic jaws is challenging due to complex anatomical considerations and the limitations of conventional augmentation techniques. This study explores the potential of subperiosteal (juxta-osseous) implants as an alternative solution, using finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate mechanical performance. Realistic jaw models, developed from radiographic data, are utilized to simulate various implant configurations and load scenarios. Results indicate that different screw placements, implant designs, and structural modifications can significantly influence stress distribution and biomechanical behavior. Upper and lower jaw models were assessed under multiple load conditions to determine optimal configurations. Findings suggest that strategic adjustments, such as adding posterior screws or altering implant connections, can enhance load distribution and reduce stress concentration, particularly in critical areas. The study provides evidence-based insights into optimizing subperiosteal implant design to improve stability, longevity, and patient outcomes.
Revolutionizing Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Dey Sangita , Devender Moodu , Tiwari Shweta , Khokhar Manoj , Pandey Rajan Kumar
Published: December 2024

Cancer treatment has undergone a transformative shift with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). By targeting critical immune checkpoints like programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), ICIs unleash robust anti-tumor immune responses while disrupting mechanisms that maintain immune homeostasis. This review explores these checkpoint regulations, the distinct roles of various inhibitors in T-cell modulation, and their therapeutic implications. Clinical trials have demonstrated significant efficacy of ICIs across cancer types, yielding improved overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rates (ORR) in specific patient subsets. Despite these successes, challenges such as primary and acquired resistance, immune-related adverse events, and biomarker identification remain. Factors like the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor mutational burden (TMB), and PD-L1 expression are under investigation to enhance therapeutic outcomes. This review also highlights emerging targets beyond PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, including LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, and VISTA, alongside innovative combination strategies. Emphasis is placed on early detection and management of adverse events and the promise of personalized cancer immunotherapy. This comprehensive review aims to support clinicians and researchers in navigating the complexities of ICIs while advancing cancer immunotherapy strategies.
The Era of Risk Factors Should End
The Era of Biologic Age Should Begin
Authors: Houck Philip David
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Risk factors, a 75 year old concept, are instrumental in the management of the general population. Newer biomarkers can explain residual risk and protection from risk. The population needs a new platform to make more comprehensible the importance of managing risk. Biologic age, the number of years left to live, is the platform that will get the attention of patients.
Method: Risk factor odds ratios are used to approximate the years lost to the modifiable risk; calculating a biologic age. Newer biomarkers confirm the predication and can be used to explain the pleomorphic properties of medications and unrealized risk. The biomarkers represent repair, inflammation, immune function, hematologic, clotting factors, metabolic-nutritional, organ maintenance, anthropomorphic, environmental, endothelial function, sleep, co-morbidities, frailty, and the electromagnetic.
Results: A six step method of patient management using biologic age, and biomarkers is presented.
Conclusions: Knowledge of risk factors and therapies to improve risk has increased over the last 75 years. Biologic age is more appropriate in explaining the significance of this knowledge. Appropriate counseling with utilization of Hs-CRP, circulating stem cells, number of co-morbidities, frailty, ECG, pulse wave velocity will improve compliance and personalize care. The six-minute walk should be incorporated into the vital signs due to prognostic significance.
Collagen Injections for Rotator Cuff Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aicale Rocco , Savarese Eugenio , Mottola Rosita , Corrado Bruno , Sirico Felice , Pellegrino Raffaello , Donati Danilo , Tedeschi Roberto , Ruosi Luca , Tarantino Domiziano
Published: December 2024

Background: Due to its anatomy and function, the rotator cuff (RC) is vulnerable to considerable morbidity. The prevalence of RC diseases (RCD) in the general population is of 5–39%, and it increases with age, reaching over 30% in patients over 60 years old. The aim of the present systematic review is to investigate the effects of collagen injections use for the treatment of RCD.
Methods: A systematic search of scientific electronic databases was performed up to October 2023, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two independent authors performed the search and evaluated the articles. The inter-rater reliability in the quality assessment was evaluated using the Cohen’s kappa coefficient; while the Modified Coleman Methodology Score (CMS) was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the articles included in this systematic review.
Results: A total of seven articles were included with the overall quality of the included articles being evaluated as fair. Despite the use of different types of collagen and injections protocols, and different scores applied, each of the included study showed clinically relevant improvements. However, given the high grade of heterogeneity of the included studies, we cannot draw conclusions regarding which type of collagen and injection protocol is the best for the RCD treatment.
Discussion: Collagen administration for RCD seem to be effective in reducing pain, improving function, as well as improving tendon structure, especially in partial tears and RC tendinopathy. High-quality and prospective long-term follow-up studies are needed to confirm the outcomes of the articles included in this systematic review.
A new paradigm in Abdominal Hernioplasty: the Stenting & Shielding Hernia System Activates Tissue Growth Factors and Regenerates the Abdominal Muscle Barrier
Authors: Amato Giuseppe , Puleio Roberto , Romano Giorgio , Di Buono Giuseppe , Cassata Giovanni , Cicero Luca , Romano Giorgio , Rà William , Neto Claudia , Agrusa Antonino , Rodolico Vito
Published: December 2024

The current gold standard for abdominal hernia repair involves the use of flat meshes deployed over the hernial defect via open or laparoscopic surgery. However, these conventional methods often lead to complications related to implant fixation, suboptimal biological response, and inadequate defect management. To address these challenges, a novel treatment approach has been developed using the Stenting & Shielding (S&S) Hernia System. This innovative device is laparoscopically introduced into the hernial opening without requiring tissue dissection, and it expands to permanently obliterate the defect without the need for fixation.

Unlike the foreign body reaction typically observed with flat meshes, the 3D design of the S&S device exhibits dynamic responsiveness, promoting true tissue regeneration. By moving in harmony with the abdominal wall, the S&S device attracts growth factors that induce the formation and maturation of new muscular, vascular, and nervous structures, effectively restoring the integrity of the abdominal wall compromised by hernia disease.

This regenerative capability was demonstrated in an experimental porcine model, where the S&S device was implanted and biopsies were taken at four defined postoperative intervals ranging from 4 weeks to 18 months. Immunohistochemical analysis of these biopsies revealed the presence of specific tissue growth factors driving the regenerative processes. The results suggest that the three-dimensional design of the S&S Hernia System enables the device to respond to dynamic mechanical strains, thereby fostering progressive tissue regeneration.
Towards a Thriving Workplace: A Feasibility Study on Mindfulness and the Mediterranean Lifestyle for Corporate Wellness
Authors: Christodoulou Efstratios , Poutli Eleni , Andreou Demetriana , Laoutari Sotiria , Athanasiou Fani , Kourkoutas Yiannis , Koutelidakis Antonios E.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the feasibility of integrating mindfulness and the Mediterranean lifestyle into corporate wellness programs, focusing on their potential to enhance workplace well-being. A survey of 485 employees from Greece and Cyprus examined the relationships between mindfulness, resilience, adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle, and work ability. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations between mindfulness, resilience, and work ability. Mindfulness was also a significant predictor of higher work ability and job satisfaction, while adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle showed a modest, but positive, correlation with resilience and work ability. A notable finding was the sector-specific disparities in wellness scores, with employees in health and retail sectors demonstrating lower levels of resilience, work ability, and mindfulness compared to those in other sectors. Participants showed a high willingness to participate in future corporate wellness interventions, particularly those combining online and onsite formats. These results suggest that mindfulness and the Mediterranean lifestyle can positively influence employee well-being and productivity, and that sector-specific strategies may be needed to address gaps in workplace wellness. Future research should explore the long-term effects of such interventions and their applicability across different industries and employee groups.
Association of Serum Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) and Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DIITM) with Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gorczyca Daiva , Szeremeta Karolina , Paściak Mariola , Szponar Bogumiła , Zhao Longgang , Wirth Michael D. , Hebert James R. , Związek Natalia , Prescha Anna
Published: December 2024

To assess the associations between serum and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), as well as the inflammatory potential of diet measured by the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DIITM), and recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs) in children. We enrolled 44 children aged 3-16 years with RRIs and 44 healthy controls. Dietary intake was assessed using a 7-day food record from which PUFAs intake and C-DIITM were calculated. Serum PUFAs levels were determined using gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The dietary assessment showed a significantly lower fiber intake in children with RRIs. The RRI group had a higher inflammatory potential in the diet than healthy controls. Children with RRIs have higher serum levels of linoleic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acids than healthy subjects. A pro-inflammatory diet was positively associated with serum n-6 PUFAs levels in both the groups. A high inflammatory potential of diet, body mass index over 75 percentile, and short breastfeeding duration were identified as risk factors for RRIs. The inflammatory potential of diet is strongly associated with RRIs in children and related to their PUFAs status. Promoting breastfeeding and healthy dietary habits during childhood are crucial for implementing effective preventive management strategies.
Highlight the Advanced Capabilities and the Computational Efficiency of DeepLabV3+ in Medical Image Segmentation: An Ablation Study
Authors: Prokopiou Ioannis , Spyridonos Panagiota
Published: December 2024

In clinical practice, identifying the location and extent of tumors and lesions is crucial for disease diagnosis and treatment. Artificial intelligence, particularly deep neural networks, offers precise and automated segmentation, yet its application is often hindered by limited data and high computational demands. Transfer learning helps mitigate these challenges by significantly reducing computational costs, although applying these models can still be resource-intensive. This study aims to present a flexible and computationally efficient architecture that leverages transfer learning and delivers highly accurate results across various medical imaging problems. We evaluated three datasets with varying similarities to ImageNet: ISIC 2018 (skin lesions), CBIS-DDSM (breast masses), and the Shenzhen & Montgomery CXR Set (lung segmentation). An ablation study on ISIC 2018 tested various pre-trained backbones, architectures, and loss functions. The optimal configuration—DeepLabV3+ with a pre-trained ResNet50 backbone and Log-Cosh Dice loss—was validated on the remaining datasets, achieving state-of-the-art results. Our findings demonstrate that computationally simpler architectures can deliver robust performance without extensive resources, establishing DeepLabV3+ with the ResNet50 as a baseline for future studies. Finally, we emphasize that in the medical domain, enhancing data quality is more critical for improving segmentation accuracy than increasing model complexity.
Cannabis sativa L. Miniature Inverted Repeat Elements Landscapes in Wild-Type and Domesticated Genomes
Authors: Quiroga Mariana Paola , Crociara Clara , Schenfeld Esteban , Fernández Franco Daniel , Crescente Juan M. , Vanzetti Leonardo , Helguera Marcelo
Published: December 2024

Cannabis sativa L. is a globally cultivated plant with significant industrial, nutritional, and medicinal value. Its genome, comprising nine autosomes and sex chromosomes (X and Y), has been extensively studied, particularly in the context of precise breeding for specific enduses. Recent advances have facilitated genome-wide analyses through platforms like the NCBI Comparative Genome Viewer (CGV) and CannabisGDB, enabling comparative studies across multiple Cannabis genotypes. Despite the abundance of genomic data, a particular group of transposable elements, known as miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs), remains underexplored in Cannabis. MITEs are non-autonomous Class II DNA transposons characterized by high copy numbers and insertion preference in non-coding regions, potentially affecting gene expression. In the present study, we report the sequence annotation of MITEs in wild-type and domesticated Cannabis genomes. Interestingly, different patterns of MITE distribution in wild and domesticated Cannabis genomes at chromosome level findings were identified. We also developed a simple and innovative protocol to identify genome-specific MITE families offering valuable tools for future research on marker development focused on important genetic variation for breeding in Cannabis sativa.
The Cart-Pole Application as a Benchmark for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Plank James S. , Rizzo Charles P. , White Christopher A. , Schuman Catherine D.
Published: December 2024

The cart-pole application is a well-known control application that is often used to illustrate reinforcement learning algorithms with conventional neural networks. An implementation of the application from OpenAI Gym is ubiquitous and popular. In this paper, we explore using this application as a benchmark for spiking neural networks. We propose four parameter settings that scale the application in difficulty, in particular beyond the default parameter settings which do not pose a difficult test for AI agents. We propose achievement levels for AI agents that are trained on these settings. Next, we perform an experiment that employs the benchmark and its difficulty levels to evaluate the effectiveness of eight neuroprocessor settings on success with the application. Finally, we perform a detailed examination of eight example networks from this experiment, that achieve our goals on the difficulty levels, and comment on features that enable them to be successful. Our goal is to help researchers in neuromorphic computing to utilize the cart-pole application as an effective benchmark.
How to Manage a Sustainable Supply Chain Based on a Collaborative Management Model
Authors: Rolo Ana , Saraiva Margarida , Nogueiro Teresa , Alves Rui
Published: December 2024

Effective supply chain management is crucial to business sustainability and will only be possible based on environmental concerns and adopting agile and resilient practices to adapt to the unstable environment. The main objective of this study is to examine how companies choose supply chain structure based on collaborative relationships, to pursuit global strategies, now that competition stopped occurring between companies only and begins to be discussed between supply chains also. This qualitative research was supported on a case study applied to five companies in the automotive industry, using data collection instruments: documentary sources, interviews, and a questionnaire survey, complemented by site visits. From this case study the conceptual model was validated. It was concluded that supply chain management scopes are not a sum of a set of firms, with its own objectives and strategies, but the result of a single system of integrated, transversal and interdependent processes, based on a holistic approach. This paper proposes a conceptual model to select the best strategies and structure to manage supply chain based on LARG (Lean, Agile, Resilient and Green) approach.
Testing the Antioxidant Activity of Various Leaf Extracts from Young Moringa oleifera Lam. Plants Grown in a Temperate Climate Zone
Authors: Fejér Jozef , Gruľová Daniela , Kron Ivan
Published: December 2024

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is a tree that grows in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, the plants were grown in a temperate climate zone from seeds collected at the Island of St. Lucia. Cultivation was carried out in the field and in a greenhouse in Prešov, East Slovakia. Leaf samples were taken from young plants and dried naturally. In the ethanol and hot water extracts of the leaves, the dry matter, total phenolic substances and antioxidant activity were determined using three methods: superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. The highest amount of total phenols was detected in the ethanolic extract of the leaves from the field, the lowest amount was noticed in the leaves from the greenhouse. The amount was significantly lower in the aqueous extracts. A high antioxidant activity of the leaves from the field was detected in all ethanolic and hot wa-ter extracts. Both types of leaf extracts from the greenhouse showed statistically significant lower antioxidant activity. The obtained results indicate that outdoor cultivation in a temperate cli-mate zone was stressful for the plants, leading to an increased formation of phenolic substances, and consequently to higher antioxidant activity.
Resolving Rapid Radiation of Voles and Lemmings (Arvicolinae: Cricetinae, Rodentia) with ddRAD Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis: Genes vs Samples – The Number Matters
Authors: Abramson Nataliya , Skalon Elizaveta , Bondareva Olga , Bodrov Semen , Petrova Tatyana , Dvoyashov Ivan
Published: December 2024

The voles and lemmings (subfamily Arvicolinae) remain one of the most difficult groups for disentangling phylogenetic relationships due to recent and very fast explosive radiation. The rapid radiations are challenging for phylogenetic analysis producing bushes of various forms impossible to resolve with a straightforward approach using individual loci. Here using quaddRADseq technique and comprehensive sample and transcriptomes on a limited sample we test whether the data from the nuclear genome are consistent with the trees inferred earlier in topology and divergence dating and evaluate the relative influence of sample number versus number of molecular markers. The study demonstrates that most plausible and reliable dated phylogeny of Arvicolinae at the supraspecies level is given by nuclear data. At the same time, the divergence dating is highly dependent on the number and position of calibration points at the tree and sample number. The most vulnerable for phylogenetic inference is the position of nodes with insufficient taxa sample. The challenge of rapid radiation in phylogeny reconstruction is easier to overcome when the number of recent taxa is not less than the number of extinctions. The robust resolution may be achieved only by accounting both the number of molecular markers and the sample size.
Subdiffusion Equation with Fractional Caputo Time Derivative with Respect to Another Function in Modeling Superdiffusion
Authors: Kosztołowicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2024

Superdiffusion is usually defined as a random walk process of a molecule, in which the time evolution of the mean squared displacement $\sigma^2$ of the molecule is a power function of time, $\sigma^2(t)\sim t^{\gamma}$ with $\gamma\in(1,2)$. An equation with a fractional derivative of Riesz type of order $2/\gamma$ with respect to a spatial variable (fractional superdiffusion equation) is often used to describe superdiffusion. However, this equation leads to the formula $\sigma^2(t)=\kappa t^\gamma$ with $\kappa=\infty$, which in practice makes it impossible to define the parameter $\gamma$. Moreover, due to the non-local nature of this derivative, it is generally not possible to impose boundary conditions at a thin partially permeable membrane. We show a model of superdiffusion based on the equation in which there is a fractional Caputo time derivative with respect to another function $g$; the spatial derivative is of second order. By choosing the function in an appropriate way, we obtain the $g$-superdiffusion equation whose Green's function (GF) in the long time limit approaches the GF for the fractional superdiffusion equation. The GF for the $g$-superdiffusion equation generates $\sigma^2$ with finite $\kappa$. In addition, the boundary conditions at a thin membrane can be given in a similar way as for normal diffusion or subdiffusion. As an example, the filtration process, generated by a partially permeable membrane in a superdiffusive medium, is considered.
Mode Shape Projection for Damage Detection of Laminated Composite Plates
Authors: Saadatmorad Morteza , Pashaei Mohammad-Hadi , Jafari Talookolaei Ramazan-Ali , Khatir Samir
Published: December 2024

Currently, the wavelet technique has a weakness for detecting damage at the edge of two-dimensional signals. This weakness arises from the nature of the wavelet transform procedure, which shifts the signal by differencing the signal’s pair arrays in the neighborhood. This study introduces the mode shape projection method as an efficient technique for damage detection of two-dimensional signals in rectangular laminated composite plates to eliminate the weakness of damage detection by the wavelet method. In other words, this paper proposes creating two one-dimensional waves containing information about damages or faults in signals from vibration amplitude signals of composite plates to have an efficient damage detection method. Results show that the proposed method acts much better than wavelet transform and detects damages in numerical and experimental investigations with high performance for various damage scenarios.
Characteristics of Homeostasis in the Control Center with a Model to Reverse Epimutations
Authors: Olsen Steven
Published: December 2024

This paper is concerned with the characteristics of intracellular homeostasis within the control center. This includes building a model of its functional components and a means to understand dysfunctional homeostasis in terms of epigenetic profiles. A method to diagnose and reverse epimutations is theorized based on the mechanisms of hormesis. Epigenetic study designs are suggested using ultra-high dilutions in order to validate this model and ascertain optimal dosage schedules. As most diseases can be traced back to specific failures in homeostasis, this topic is relevant to defining the internal cause of nearly every disease process, allowing for the possibility of a useful intervention. Although a comprehensive application can be derived from this model, many questions remain unanswered.
Video Head Impulse Test in Children – A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: DASGUPTA SOUMIT , Mukherjee Aditya Lal , Crunkhorn Rosa , Dawabah Safaa , Aslier Nesibe Gul , Ratnayake Sudhira , Manzari Leonardo
Published: December 2024

Background and objectives: The video head impulse test (vHIT) is a landmark in vestibular diagnostic methods to assess high frequency semicircular canal system. This test is well established in the adult population seeing immense research since its discovery. The usefulness and feasibility of the test in children is not very well defined as research has been limited. This systematic review investigated and analysed the existing evidence regarding the test. The objectives were to derive meaningful inferences in terms of feasibility, implementation and normative vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR gain) in normal children and in children with vestibular hypofunction. Methods: Research repositories were searched with key words and set inclusion and exclusion criteria to select publications that investigated the vHIT in both a normative population of children as well in pathological cohorts. Average normal VOR gain was then calculated in all semicircular canals for both the normal and the vestibular hypofunction group. For case-controlled studies, a metanalysis was performed to assess heterogeneity and pooled effect sizes. Results: The review analyed 26 articles in all that included 6 case-controlled studies fulfilling the study selection criteria out of more than 6000 articles that have been published on the vHIT. The technique described suggested 10-15 head impulses at 100-200 deg/sec head velocity fixating on a wall target 1 m away. The average VOR gain in the lateral semicircular canals combining all studies was 0.96+/- 0.07; that in anterior semicircular canals was 0.89 +/- 0.13 and for posterior semicircular canals it was 0.9 +/- 0.12. The pooled effect size in the control group was 1 and heterogeneity was high. It was also observed that implementing the test is different from that in adults and requires considerable practice with children factoring in the issue of peripheral and central vestibular maturation. Special considerations were suggested in terms of pupillary calibration, goggle fitting and slippage and play techniques. Conclusions: The vHIT as a diagnostic test is eminently doable in children with important caveats, practice and knowledge regarding a developing vestibular system. It yields significantly meaningful inferences about high frequency semicircular canal function in children. Adult norms should not be extrapolated in children as VOR gain is different in children.
The Characterization of the Lower Town of the UNESCO Archaeological Site of Arslantepe (Malatya, Türkiye) Using the Geophysical E-PERTI Method (Extended Data-Adaptive Probability-Based Electrical Resistivity Tomography Inversion Method)
Authors: Balossi Restelli Francesca , Cozzolino Marilena , Manuelli Federico , Mauriello Paolo
Published: December 2024

The UNESCO site of Arslantepe is located in Eastern Anatolia in the Malatya Plain (Türkiye) about 10km from the Euphrates River. Here for about a century archaeological excavations have been carried out reconstructing a long sequence of human frequentation starting from 5000 years BC up to the Middle Ages. The settlement, one of the most important and largest in the region, has undergone numerous changes over time resulting in a complex superposition of structures, palac-es, temples and burials concentrated on the hill. With the aim of extending the knowledge of the site, in 2022 geophysical surveys were carried out through the application of electrical resistivity tomography, covering a surface of approximately 4,300 m2 in an unexplored area at the foot of the hill. In this paper, the Extended data-adaptive Probability-based Electrical Resistivity Tomog-raphy Inversion approach (E-PERTI), recently published as development of the probability to-mography imaging approach, has been applied to a large apparent resistivity field dataset providing the best estimate of the most probable estimate of the resistivity distribution through an intrinsic linear regression model implementing standard least squares routines. Results seem to prove the effectiveness of the E-PERTI approach in noise dejection enhancing associated resistivity highs that can be ascribable to the trace of a potential fortification. The obtained information rep-resents new unexpected data that opens new frontiers of archaeological research adding value to the knowledge of the site.
Straightforward Determination of the Average Electron-Hole Distance in Charge-Transfer States Organic Photovoltaic Donor/Acceptor Composites from Out-of-Phase Electron Spin Echo Data
Authors: Matveeve Anna G. , Syryamina Victoria N. , Nekrasov Vyacheslav N. , Lukina Ekaterina A. , Molchanov Ivan A. , Sysoev Vitalii I. , Kulik Leonid V.
Published: December 2024

Photoinduced charge separation at donor-acceptor composites (active layer material of organic solar cells) is an important step of photoelectric energy conversion. It results in formation of the interfacial charge-transfer state (CTS), which is Coulombically bound electron-hole pair. We developed the mathematical procedure of direct quantification of the electron-hole distance on the basis of time-domain pulse electron paramagnetic resonance data, obtained in electron spin echo (ESE) experiment. For an ensemble of CTSs characterized by distribution of electron-hole distance this procedure derives the average electron-hole distance without numerical simulation of the experimental data, which is a superposition of the oscillating functions, corresponding to CTSs with the certain electron-hole distance. This procedure was tested on model distance distributions, yielding very accurate results. The data for highly efficient organic photovoltaic composite PM6/Y6 were also analyzed; the average electron-hole distance within the CTS and its dependence on temperature were determined. This procedure can be useful for tracing small changes in CTS structure during optimization of the donor-acceptor composite morphology, which is tightly related to photovoltaic efficiency of the composite.
Algebraic Schouten Solitons Associated to Perturbed Canonical Connection and Perturbed Kobayashi-Nomizu Connection on Three-Dimensional Lorentzian Lie Groups
Authors: Jiang Jinguo , Yang Yanni
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we study algebraic Schouten solitons concerning the perturbed canonical connection and the perturbed Kobayashi Nomizu connection on three-dimensional Lorentzian Lie groups and give the complete classification of the algebraic Schouten solitons with product structure on three-dimensional Lorentzian Lie groups.
Open and Impactful Academic Publishing
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Li Petri Giovanna , Angellotti Giuseppe , Luque Rafael , Pagliaro Mario
Published: December 2024

We posed selected questions on open access (OA) to Stevan Harnad thirty years after his “subversive proposal” to maximize research impact by self-archiving scholarly articles in university-hosted or disciplinary online repositories to make published articles openly available. Self-archiving, however, was adopted by a small minority of active scholars. In 2022, for example, the most comprehensive research database indexed ~800,000 “green” OA articles and ~2,000,000 “gold” OA articles. Following conversation with Professor Harnad, this work answers three research questions: is self-archiving of scholarly work still a valid alternative to maximize research impact? Besides OA, what is required for publishing impactful research articles? How can a personal academic website benefit open access? The answers to these questions may further inform educational work on open and impactful academic publishing in the digital era.
Mediterranean Transformation of Central European Insect Fauna (Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera), Non-native Species and Mediterranean Influx
Authors: Haris Attila , Józan Zsolt , Schmidt Péter , Glemba Gábor , Tomozei Bogdan , Csóka György , Hirka Anikó , Šima Peter , Tóth Sándor
Published: December 2024

The Central European fauna, in the last decades, has been undergoing a strong transformation due to four main factors: the retreat of species that require cool and wet habitats, the proliferation of species that thrive in warm and dry conditions, the northward migration of Mediterranean species, and the gradual establishment of species with tropical origins. In this study, we detail the changes in the orders Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera, and analyze the establishment of non native insects and the northward migration of Mediterranean species. The transformation towards a Mediterranean-type fauna is prominently indicated by the population increase of xerothermic Aculeata, bee flies (Bombyliidae), and horse flies (Tabanidae). Additionally, groups that require cool and wet ecological conditions, particularly hoverflies (Syrphidae), but also sawflies (Tenthredinidae) and tachinid flies (Tachinidae), have shown notable decline. In nocturnal moths, we observe a decrease in species richness in certain areas, as well as frequent outbreaks in populations of some less climate-sensitive species. Some species of butterflies are less sensitive to the current extent of climate change, exhibiting significant population growth under protected conditions. However, most of the previously sporadic and rare butterfly species have proven to be climate-sensitive, unable to achieve significant population growth even under strict nature conservation. In recent decades, the influx from Mediterranean regions and the establishment of tropical non native insect species have turned into exponential rate. We have reviewed the presence of alien species, recording 803 alien insect species in our region, 298 of them have arrived in the past quarter-century, with a significant proportion (54%) originating from tropical and Mediterranean regions.
Seasonally Dependent Daytime and Nighttime Formation of Oxalic Acid Vapor and Particulate Oxalate in Tropical Coastal and Marine Atmospheres
Authors: Yan Le , Gao Yating , Chen Dihui , Sun Lei , Gao Yang , Gao Huiwang , Yao Xiaohong
Published: December 2024

Oxalic acid is the most abundant low-molecular-weight dicarboxylic acid in theatmosphere and plays a crucial role in the formation of new particles and cloud condensation nuclei. However, most observational studies have focused on particulate oxalate, leaving a significant knowledge gap on oxalic acid vapor. This study investigated the concentrations and formation of oxalic acid vapor and oxalate in PM2.5 at a rural tropical coastal island site in south China across different seasons, based on semi-continuous measurements using an Ambient Ion Monitor-Ion Chromatograph (AIM-IC) system. We replaced the default 25 μL sampling loop on the AIM-IC with a 250 μL loop, improving the ability to distinguish the signal of oxalic acid vapor from noise. The data revealed clear seasonal patterns in the depedent daytime and nighttime formation of oxalic acid vapor, benefiting from high signal-to-noise ratios. Specifically, concentrations were 0.059 ± 0.15 μg m-3 in February and April 2023, exhibiting consistent diurnal variations similar to those of O3, likely driven by photochemical reactions. These values decreased to 0.021 ± 0.07 μg m-3 in November and December 2023, with higher nighttime concentrations likely related to dark chemistry processes, amplified by accumulation due to low mixing layer height. The concentrations of oxalate in PM2.5 were comparable to those of oxalic acid vapor, but exhibited (3-7)-day variations, superimposed on diurnal fluctuations to varying degrees. Additionally, thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed on the coastal data, and independent size distributions of particulate oxalate in the upwind marine atmosphere were analyzed to support the findings.
Influence of COVID-19 on Long-Term Consequences of Pre-Pandemic Performed Extra and Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenting: Tertiary Institutional Experience
Authors: Sarshaev Marat , Turdaliyeva Botagoz , Laktionova Mariya , Tanbayeva Gulnur , Makhanbetkhan Shayakhmet , Musabekov Maxat , Suieumbetov Daulet , Suleimankulov Nurzhan , Zhumabekov Abzal , Maidan Aiman , Berdikhojayev Mynzhylky
Published: December 2024

Background: Endovascular stenting for atherosclerotic stenosis in the intra- and extracranial arteries is a minimally invasive procedure, but comprehensive studies on long-term complications following COVID-19 infection are lacking. Given the potential for increased rates of stent thrombosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, and mortality among COVID-19 patients, understanding the long-term outcomes of stenting for extra- and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis is crucial for public health. This study addresses the dearth of extensive research on the long-term adverse outcomes associated with endovascular stenting procedures in patients who have experienced atherosclerotic stenosis in intracranial and extracranial arteries following COVID-19 infection. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from a tertiary hospital database, focusing on individuals who underwent extracranial or intracranial atherosclerotic stenting procedures at the Central Clinical Hospital JSC, Department of Neurosurgery, between 2016 and 2017, before the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary outcome measures to be evaluated include the incidence of stent thrombosis, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality. Results: The study followed 93 patients via telephone survey, but 12 did not respond, leaving 81 participants. Of these, 32 reported a prior COVID-19 infection confirmed by PCR testing, forming the COVID-19 group. The remaining 49 without confirmed COVID-19 infection comprised the control group. The 81 participants included 32 in the COVID-19 group and 49 in the control group, with no statistically significant differences in sex or age between the two cohorts. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the number of cigarettes smoked per day was a statistically significant predictor of myocardial infarction. This risk factor accounted for 23.6% of the observed myocardial infarctions, demonstrating a direct relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked and the probability of experiencing a myocardial infarction. Conclusion: The study found no significant differences in mortality, stroke, and heart attack rates between the COVID-19 and control groups. However, high blood pressure, heavy smoking, and high stress were linked to worse long-term outcomes.
Ethics for Responsible Data Research: Integrating Cybersecurity Perspectives in Digital Era
Authors: Temara Sheetal
Published: December 2024

In today’s digital age, ethical issues are a principal concern during responsible data research which require thoughtful consideration and approaches for managing them. As technological advances materialize to increase the standard of living for people across the world, ethics must be prioritized by cybersecurity professionals to ensure these technologies are not being misused or inflicting harm to the general population especially to underrepresented and underprivileged communities. Cybersecurity subject matter experts must develop awareness regarding ethical ramifications of their research endeavors to ensure security is balanced with moral standards. Observance of and adherence to ethical based policies, principles, and security best practices will delineate cybersecurity professionals from threat actors.
Radar Signal Processing and Its Impact on Deep Learning-Driven Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Ayaz Fahad , Alhumaily Basim , Hussain Sajjad , Imran Muhamamd Ali , Arshad Kamran , Assaleh Khaled , Zoha Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Human activity recognition (HAR) using radar technology is becoming increasingly valuable for applications in areas such as smart security systems, healthcare monitoring, and interactive computing. This study investigates the integration of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with conventional radar signal processing methods to improve the accuracy and efficiency of HAR. Three distinct, two-dimensional radar processing techniques, such as range-fast Fourier transform (FFT) based time-range maps, time-doppler based short-time Fourier transform (STFT) maps, and smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD) maps, are evaluated in combination with four state-of-the-art CNN architectures: VGG-16, VGG-19, ResNet-50, and MobileNetV2. This study positions radar-generated maps as a form of visual data, bridging radar signal processing and image representation domains while ensuring privacy in sensitive applications. In total, twelve CNN and preprocessing configurations are analyzed, focusing on the trade-offs between preprocessing complexity, and recognition accuracy, all of which are essential for real-time applications. Among these results, MobileNetV2 combined with STFT preprocessing showed an ideal balance, achieving high computational efficiency and an accuracy rate of 96.30%, with a spectrogram generation time of 220 ms and an inference time of 2.57 ms per sample. The comprehensive evaluation underscores the importance of interpretable visual features for resource-constrained environments, expanding the applicability of radar-based HAR systems to domains such as augmented reality, autonomous systems, and edge computing.