bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NRC Postdoctoral Research for 1974
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Research Council has announced the Research Associateship programs for 1974. These programs provide scientists and engineers with opportunities for postdoctoral research on problems in the fields of Chemistry, Space Sciences, Physics, Atmospheric and Earth Sciences, Engineering, Life Sciences, and Mathematics. The programs are conducted on behalf of and in cooperation with certain federal research organizations with laboratories at more than 80 geographic locations in the United States. Appointments are made on a competitive basis and are open to recent recipients of the doctorate and in some cases to senior investigators. Some are open to non‐U.S. citizens also.

Approximately 250 awards will be made in 1974. Stipends (subject to income tax) will range from $13,000 upwards. Grants will be provided for family relocation and for professional travel during tenure. Applications must be postmarked by January 15, 1974. Awards will be announced in April.
New products
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

For the high‐energy shock needed to greatly extend the range of seismic surveying in soils and rock, Soiltest, Inc., has introduced an electromechanical shock source.

In seismic surveying for civil engineering and shallow geologic applications the use of hand hammers, tampers, and even explosive charges sometimes is not enough to develop the shock waves needed for an adequate survey. Ambient noise may interfere with the waves generated by hand hammers. In populated areas, explosive sources may be prohibited.
IUGG Tsunami Committee to meet
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Tsunami Committee will meet January 29–February 1, 1974, in Wellington, New Zealand. Papers are requested on topics dealing with Tsunami research within the general framework of Tsunami generation, Tsunami propagation, Tsunami runup, and Tsunami instrumentation and experiments.
Notes and commentary
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Roy E. Oltman, a retired employee of the U.S. Geological Survey, is the new Treasurer of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences. He succeeds Ralph N. Wilson, who died unexpectedly last May.

Oltman was appointed by the IAHS Bureau (Executive Committee) at its June 1973 meeting in the Dipoli Congress Hall, on the Otaniemi Campus of the University of Helsinki, Finland.
Foreign Reports Available on Loan
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Copies of the following reports are available free on loan from the office of the U.S. National Committee for the IHD.

Australia Lyons, B.J., and C.D. Parker, Water Quality Assessment Practice in Australia, Australian Water Resources Council Technical Paper No. 4, Canberra, 59 pages, 18 tables, 1973. Stream Gauging Information, Supplement, Department of the Environment and Conservation, Australian Water Resources Council, Canberra, 43 pp., 1973.
Magnetospheric Cleft Symposium
Authors: Vasyliunas Vytenis M.
Published: October 2011

Fifty‐six scientists from the United States, Canada, and five European countries met at the University of Texas at Dallas, November 1–3, 1973, for a symposium on the magnetospheric cleft or cusp. A dozen different aspects of the cleft were each introduced by half‐hour invited talks; these were followed by contributed papers. Nearly half of the total time was unscheduled, permitting extensive and detailed discussions. This format was similar to the format of the substorm conference held last year (see the report by T.W. Hill, E&S, Dec 1972, p. 1148). Our experience again demonstrated the value of such a topical conference, the opportunity for extended discussion being highly valued by all.
Small surface drifters provide current data
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

For over 200 years, message‐bearing bottles and other sea surface drifters have been used to help measure and determine the course of currents in the world's oceans and lakes.

Numerous types of drifters have been used, from the barrel set adrift by Columbus on his first voyage to the new world, to bottles, metal globes, and a variety of plastic forms developed after World War II.
Earthquake studies in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Bolt Bruce A.
Published: October 2011

From June 30 to July 18, 1973, I visited the People's Republic of China as guest lecturer of the Academia Sinica. The invitation had been extended in 1972 by Ku Kunghsu, acting director of the Geophysical Institute of Academia Sinica, Peking (see Figure 1). In the last decade, unfortunately, little information has been available in the English language scientific literature on geophysical and geological research and teaching in China [Tsu, 1972; Wilson, 1972; Chao, 1973]. The main concern of my trip was seismological research.
IUTAM‐IUGG Symposium on turbulent diffusion in environmental pollution
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A second symposium on turbulent diffusion in environment pollution sponsored jointly by the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics and the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics was held at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, April 8 to 14, 1973. The focus of the discussions was similar to that of IUTAM‐IUGG symposiums on atmospheric diffusion and air pollution held in 1958, 1961, and 1966.
New Secretary General for IUGG
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Paul J. Melchior is the new secretary general of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. An arrangement was approved at the General Assembly of 1971 by which Melchior would succeed George D. Garland in that office at a convenient time. The changeover was confirmed in a recent meeting of the IUGG executive committee.
Seventeenth Plenary Meeting of COSPAR
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The committee on Space Research of the International Council of Scientific Unions has scheduled its seventeenth plenary meeting to be held June 17–July 1, 1974, in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

In addition to the general meeting there will be a Symposium on Solar‐Terrestrial Physics, a Symposium on Satellite Dynamics, and numerous open meetings of COSPAR working groups.
Hurricanes with hearts of gold
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Scientists of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have found evidence indicating that hurricanes may not be all bad.

The cold sea surface temperature wake left by some hurricanes may be beneficial in certain areas, according to researchers of the National Hurricane Research Laboratory and the Research Flight Facility, units of the NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories based in Miami, Florida.
International Course on Groundwater Hydrology
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Eighth International Course on Groundwater Hydrology will be held in Barcelona, Spain, June 16–21, 1974. The course is primarily directed towards technical college and science faculty graduates who wish to specialize in the problems of investigation, exploitation, and diversion of subterranean water.
New products
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A new data logging system for use when the output of hundreds of sensors at considerable distances from a central logging system must be measured, monitored, and recorded has been developed by Consolidated Controls Corporation, a subsidiary of Condec Corporation.

First used in electrical generating stations for the testing and adjustment of boiler installations, the Model 90GP34 Datalogger employs satellite stations, each capable of handling as many as 200 sensor outputs, to eliminate the problems that would be involved if separate wires were to be run from each sensor to the central data station.
Water resources systems–Short course
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A one‐week short course for engineers and public officials interested in water resources systems will be cosponsored by the International Water Resources Association and the AGU Section of Hydrology, May 13–17, 1974, in Cleveland, Ohio. The course will be given at Case Institute of Technology, Case Western Reserve University.

Focused on the theme ‘Hierarchical Approach in the Planning, Operation, and Management of Water Resources Systems,’ the sessions will discuss applications of decomposition and multilevel optimization techniques to multiobjective functions in water resources, modeling and identification in water resources, multiregional conjunctive use of water resources, regional management of multiple‐purpose water resource and hydrologic systems, regional water quality control and management, and recent research results and applications in current literature.
Second International Conference on Permafrost: Yakutsk, USSR, July 16”28, 1973
Authors: Williams J. R.
Published: October 2011

The purpose of the conference was to exchange information on permafrost collected since the first meeting at Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, in 1963. The conference was held at Yakutsk, capital of the Yakut ASSR, a city of some 120,000 on the west bank of the Lena River about 2100 km upstream from the Arctic Ocean, well within the permafrost region of the Soviet Union.
Advanced concepts in snow and ice study: Monterey, California, December 2”6, 1973
Authors: Male D. H.
Published: October 2011

The Interdisciplinary Symposium on Advanced Concepts and Techniques in the Study of Snow and Ice Resources drew 118 participants to the Asilomar Conference Grounds on the Monterey peninsula. They included not only scientists, engineers, and water managers interested in snow and ice hydrology per se, but also a significant number of workers with expertise in instrumentation, data management systems, and the use of a variety of electronic and nuclear techniques in remote sensing.
Foreign Reports Available on Loan
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Belgium Compliment à l'Annuaire de Belgique, Commission Interministerielle de l'Eau, Brussels. 300 pp. of maps and tables, 1972.

Hungary Monthly Hydrological Bulletin of Hungary, vol. 6, nos. 7–12, July–December, 1972. Research Institute for Water Resources Development, Budapest. 16 pp. (nos. 7–10), 20 pp. (nos. 11 and 12); 14 maps and charts (nos. 7–10), 17 maps and charts (nos. 11 and 12), 1972.
Permanent Research Station established on glacier
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

According to a release by the Agency Press Novosti, a permanent glaciological observation and research. station has been set up on the Central Tyuksu glacier in the Zaili Alataus mountains of southern Kazakhstan, USSR.

In cooperation with the program of the International Hydrological Decade, researchers of the Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences who staff the station are making a study of the development of glaciers in the Tien Shan, the lofty mountain range that extends from the Kirgiz Republic, USSR, into Sinkiang province in western China. The scientists observe the conditions of snow accumulation and the physical balance of the glaciers, study the thickness of the ice formed, and determine what chemical substances accompany atmospheric precipitation.
Princeton announces summer courses
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In its schedule of summer courses for 1974; the School of Engineering/Applied Science of Princeton University has included three that are of particular interest to engineers and scientists concerned with water resources management and pollution control.

The first, ‘Introduction to Water Pollution Science and Technology,’ is scheduled for June 17–2l. Among topics to be covered are sources of pollution, identification and quantification of pollution, water quality acts and standards, and causes and effects of eutrophication.
Marine Technology Society Conference planned
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Increasing worldwide scarcities of raw materials, energy, and protein are creating broader appreciation of ocean resource potentials. The Marine Technology Society, which will hold its tenth annual conference at the Sheraton Park Hotel in Washington, D. C., September 23–25, 1974, has chosen for its theme ‘National Needs and Ocean Solutions.’
The Study of Comets–IAU Colloquium 25
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An international colloquium on comets, sponsored by the International Astronomical Union in cooperation with COSPAR, will be held at the Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA), Greenbelt, Maryland, from October 28 through November 1, 1974. Attendance will be by invitation only and will be limited to about 150 scientists who have been involved in cometary research.

Major emphasis will be on invited reviews and discussions rather than short papers. A limited number of contributed papers containing significant new results will be accepted. These will be carefully screened by the organizing committee, who will also review requests to attend the colloquium. Some travel assistance is available.
Planetary Dynamics and Geodesy Report on the Fifth GEOP Research Conference
Authors: Counselman C. C. , Hubbard W. B. , Mueller Ivan I. , Peale S. J. , Tolson R. H.
Published: October 2011

The Fifth GEOP Research Conference, on Planetary Dynamics and Geodesy, was held October 8–9, 1973, at the Ohio State University and was attended by 55 persons. On behalf of the GEOP steering committee the conference was opened by Ivan I. Mueller, followed by Jack Lorell (JPL), program chairman. The introductory lecture was delivery by John D. Anderson. The lecture in its entirety is printed elsewhere in this issue.
The geomagnetic field of external origin as observed at the Earth's surface
Authors: Zmuda Alfred J. , Suquira Masahisa , Matsushita S. , Rostoker Gordon , Gough D. I.
Published: October 2011

Geomagnetic field observations at the earth's surface are of interest to a variety of geophysicists and characteristically contain effects due to currents in the regions above the surface. A symposium on this subject was held during the April 16–20, 1973 meeting of the AGU and was cosponsored by the sections of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism and Solar‐Planetary Relationships‐Magnetospheric Physics. The program contained invited and contributed papers on the basic physics involved, the configuration of the sources, and the local time variations. The subsequent four papers represent some highlights from the invited reviews given by the authors. This introduction is intended to give some additional background on the geomagnetic field.
Dapp satellite observations of auroras
Authors: Pike C. P.
Published: October 2011

Figure 1 contains two photographs obtained from a military satellite that is part of the U.S. Air Force's Defense Systems Application Program (DSAP). The U.S. Air Force Air Weather Service Data Acquisition and Processing Program (Dapp) now routinely provides similar satellite photographs to the Environmental Data Service of the U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at their National Geophysical and Solar Terrestrial Data Center in Boulder, Colorado, for copying and for general distribution. The data center then sends the original photographs to the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories for archiving.
Second National Symposium on Groundwater Quality Set
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Water Well Association are sponsoring a Second National Conference on Groundwater Quality to be held September 25–27, 1974, at the Holiday Inn in downtown Denver, Colorado.

The purpose of the meeting is to bring together a nucleus of men, methods, and ideas capable of yielding solutions to problems that must be solved to ensure the protection and restoration of the quality of the nation's groundwater resources. Development of these resources is expected to double and perhaps triple in the coming decade.
Geologists and geophysicists plan joint conference
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

‘Exploration Update '75’ is the theme of a conference to be held May 20–23, 1975 in Calgary, Alberta. Sponsors of the meeting are the Canadian Societies of Petroleum Geologists and Exploration Geophysicists.

The conference will feature advances in exploration technology and concepts. Following the technical sessions, a joint geological‐geophysical field excursion will be made to Alberta's foothills and front ranges, where practical exploration approaches will be investigated.
Highlights of the Council Meeting, April 7, 1974
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

At its meeting on April 7, 1974, the AGU council considered a variety of new programs and took several actions of substantial significance for the next year.

It was necessary either to increase income or to reduce expenses in 1975. The first alternatives discussed were (1) increasing member dues and (2) reducing the amount of material published and altering the publication option allowed under the present dues arrangement. Since it was felt that an increase in dues beyond $20 was undesirable, and since the reduction in published material required by alternative two would have been too great, a third alternative was adopted: In 1975, members will receive EOS; will be accorded all the customary membership privileges, such as reduced meeting registration fees and the right to submit their papers for consideration; and will have the right to subscribe at member rates to the other AGU publications. There will be no publication option allowed under the basic dues payment. The member rate for each journal, instead of being set at a flat amount as in the past, will reflect the cost of publication. It is expected that the member subscription rates will range between $5.00 and $20.00. If we relate the charge for journals to the cost of service, the election of members to take or not to take a journal will not affect the budget, since income will balance expense.
International meetings in solar‐terrestrial physics
Authors: Lanzerotti Louis J. , Sugiura Masahisa
Published: October 2011

The research field of solar‐terrestrial physics (STP), with a long and varied history, has undergone in the last fifteen years a minor revolution in understanding as well as in the number of active participants. These changes in the field in the last two decades have come about to a large extent because of the advent in several nations of space programs using rocket and satellite technology and because. of the large amounts of research money that were made available for these programs.
New dimensions in satellite hydrology
Authors: Rango A. , Salomonson V. V. , McGinnis D. F. , Wiesnet D. R.
Published: October 2011

Remote sensing technology applied from satellites and aircraft can and should be a very useful tool in obtaining information for the rapid and continuing assessment of the hydrologic cycle. However, until the second half of 1972, most water resources studies employing satellites were limited to large areas (because of the low resolution of the sensors on the available meteorological satellites), over which only gross hydrologic relationships could be inferred. Moreover, the wavelength bands sensed by these satellites were usually designed to observe meteorological features (i.e., clouds and atmospheric moisture) and not to discriminate among subtle terrain variations.
1974 Special Assemblies of IAMAP‐IAPSO: Report
Authors: Rosen James M. , Cadle Richard D. , Murcray D. G. , Quiroz R. S. , Roper R. G. , Belmont A. D. , Clark J. H. E. , Cunnold D. M. , Hilst G. R. , MacCracken M. C. , Sasamori T. , Wendler Gerd , Jayaweera K. O. L. F. , Rubin M. J. , Quiroz R. S. , Podzimek Josef , Vonder Haar Tom , Chandra S. , Hunkins Kenneth L. , Solomon Harold , Hayes John , Briscoe Melbourne G. , Warren Bruce A. , Ostapoff Feodor , Kraus Eric B. , Neshyba Steve , Holland William R. , Panofsky Hans A. , Ruttenberg Stanley , Foster Theodore D.
Published: October 2011

The Special Assemblies of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics and the International Association of Physical Sciences of the Oceans were held in Melbourne, Australia, from January 14 to 25, 1974.

Both assemblies were well attended. Of the approximately 500 delegates from 30 countries, 125 were from the United States, 22 were from Canada, and 2 were from Mexico.
Major advances toward low‐cost solar cells reported
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Major advances toward low‐cost, continuous production of solar cells to provide electricity for residential and other uses has been reported to the National Science Foundation (NSF). Solar cells, which convert sunlight directly into electricity by photovoltaic action, are at present too expensive for widespread availability.

Work by a university‐industrial team has now resulted in obtaining silicon ribbons up to 6 feet in length, some of which are of sufficient quality to produce solar cells of 10% conversion efficiency, which is considered suitable for terrestrial applications. By growing crystals directly in ribbon form, the present costly custom process of sawing thin wafers from large cylinders of single‐crystal silicon can be eliminated. Development of the new technique was reported by Bruce Chalmers of Harvard University and A.I. Mlavsky of Tyco Laboratories, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts.
New member of Joides announced
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Geological Survey (Bundesanstalt fuer Bodenforschung) of the Federal Republic of Germany has become a member of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (Joides), Warren S. Wooster, chairman of the Joides executive committee, has announced.
Geothermal Conference scheduled
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An international conference on geothermal resources for industrial, agricultural, and commercial‐residential uses will be held October 7–9, 1974, at Oregon Institute of Technology in Klamath Falls.

The three‐day program will feature speakers from the world's major geothermal energy utilization areas. Topics include application of geothermal resources in the chemical, food processing, pulp and paper, and forest products industries; in agriculture; and in commercial‐residential space heating and cooling.
Training program for coastal managers
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A new program to train coastal planners and decision makers will begin at Oregon State University next fall.

The two‐year graduate program will be administered by the School of Oceanography but will involve five other major academic divisions at the university. Oceanography professor V.T. Neal will coordinate the program.
Effluent variability to be studied
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An International Conference on Effluent Variability From Waste Water Treatment Processes and Its Control will be held at Le Pavilion Hotel, New Orleans, December 2–4, 1974. Sponsors are the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Tulane and Vanderbilt Universities.

The seminar will explore design and operation considerations for defining and minimizing effluent quality variability. Both secondary and tertiary waste water treatment processes will be considered for municipal and industrial waste waters.
Foreign Travel
Authors: McCormac Billy M.
Published: October 2011

Each year the difficulty in justifying and receiving permission for foreign travel seems to increase. This problem affects academic, industrial, and governmental agencies. The purpose of this note is to argue that each agency should be able to decide within its budget but without interference by unreasonable administrative regulations what travel its staff makes in order to compete in the technical world.
National Earthquake Program Guide available
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A National earthquake program aimed at reducing hazards to life and property and minimizing disruptions of government, business, and private activities is spelled out in a report just published and free on request from the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior.

In the report describing the USGS Earthquake Hazard Reduction program, Robert E. Wallace, a scientist of the Survey's Menlo Park, California, field center who wrote the report, emphasizes that earthquakes pose a serious and growing threat to the nation.
Martian channels linked to dry ice
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The seemingly common occurrence of flood channels on Mars can be traced to the sudden melting of buried deposits of frozen carbon dioxide, according to a theory advanced by Daniel J. Milton of the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, California, who points to the Washington scablands and the frozen natural gas fields of Siberia for support.

Milton, a member of a team of USGS scientists that is studying and mapping the surface and structure of Mars, says that the channels ‘appear to have been shaped by sudden discharges of water that dwarf the flow of the Amazon.’
IEEE/AP‐S Symposium and USNC/URSI Meeting
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The 1975 International Symposium sponsored by the Antennas and Propagation Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE/AP‐S) and a meeting of the Union Radio Scientifique Internationale sponsored by the U.S. National Committee (USNC/URSI) will be held jointly at the University of Illinois on the Champaign‐Urbana campus. The dates of the meetings are June 2–5, 1975.
NSF Awards Energy‐Related Graduate Traineeships
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

To help meet the nation's future energy research needs, the National Science Foundation has awarded 172 three‐year Energy‐Related Graduate (ERG) traineeships.

The awards, made to 39 institutions that award doctorate degrees in science and engineering, are designed to increase the number of scientific personnel for energy research and development.
Tenth American Water Resources Conference
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

AGU will act as a cooperating society for the Tenth American Water Resources Conference, to be held at El Conquistador Hotel and Club in Las Croabas, Puerto Rico, November 18–22, 1974. The meeting is sponsored by the American Water Resources Association.

Topics for presentations and discussions include Development and Environmental Policy; Identification of Conflicts Between Water Resources Development and the Environment; Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Education; Water Resources Systems Analysis; Resolution of Conflicts Between Water Resources Development and the Environment; and Urban Planning, Recreation.
Quis Custodet Ipsos Custodies
Authors: Mudie John D.
Published: October 2011

I am sure that other oceanographers, including the editor of Eos have experienced similar difficulties to mine in swapping between the various units commonly used in oceanography (meters, kiloyards, feet, fathoms, nautical miles, taus, are a subset of the units of lengths used by oceanographers) and look forward to the adoption of the International System's set of scientific units (W.I. Reilly, ‘Use of the International System of Units [SI] in Geophysical Publications,’ New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, vol. 15, pp. 148‐156, 1972), as recommended by the AGU Committee on the Metric System (‘Metric Conversion and the AGU,’ EOS, December 1972., p. 1147) and as recommended for use in papers submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research.
Future environmental needs and costs
Authors: Singer S. Fred
Published: October 2011

How can we predict the amount that will be spent to keep the environment clean in the years to come? Do the costs depend primarily on population or on the gross national product (GNP)? How are the costs affected by the way in which the environmental standards are set? What role does technology play? On the one hand it causes more exotic forms of pollution, and on the other it can deal more effectively with current and future pollution problems. And finally, To what extent do environmental outlays improve the quality of life, and to what extent do they decrease societal welfare by diminishing the resources left over for consumption? How do we strike a balance between spending funds for a clean environment and spending funds for other things that contribute to the welfare of people?
The ancestry of solar‐terrestrial research
Authors: Pomerantz Martin A.
Published: October 2011

Since time immemorial, for superstitious, fallacious, or even scientific reasons, man has debated the nature of the control exercised over his destiny by the sun. But the first step in the long and turbulent history of research in the field of solar‐terrestrial relationships was the discovery of sunspots by Galileo in 1610 (Figure 1). Since then, many specious claims have been made concerning correlations of phenomena on earth with these first recognized distinctive solar features.

It was apparent from the earliest observations that the number of visible sunspots varied with time. But it is interesting that the first long‐term survey of these variations was not undertaken until more than two centuries later.
Workshop on electromagnetic induction in the Earth
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This specialized meeting was held in Ottawa, Canada, under the sponsorship of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA), and the Government of Canada, August 22–28, 1974, and followed the first workshop held in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1972. The impetus for these meetings has come through in IAGA working group whose membership overlaps largely with the organizing committee. About 110 scientists participated in the Ottawa workshop, and a large majority attended all sessions.
Federal plan for weather services
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Plans for an improved severe weather warning system and the use of new technology for more efficient operations highlight a newly released ‘Federal Plan for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research‐Fiscal Year 1975,’ Expanded weather services to aviation are also projected.

The plan, published yearly for presentation to the Congress, includes proposed activities of all Federal agencies conducting meteorological programs—the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, and Transportation, and the Atomic Energy Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and National Science Foundation.
The decade is over–IHD coordinating Council holds last session
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The ninth and last session of the International Hydrological Decade Coordinating Council was held at Unesco House in Paris from August 29 to 30, 1974. The session ended on a note of nostalgia for the IHD's 10‐year effort and a note of hope for the succeeding International Hydrological Program (IHP).

The principal accomplishments of the session were the termination of the mandates of the existing working groups, the submission of recommendations to the Unesco General Conference for the completion of publications begun but not yet issued, and the preparation of recommendations concerning the operations of working groups and panels to the Intergovernmental Council of the IHP.
Urban flood plains analyzed by USGS
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A recent U.S. Geological Survey study of 26 cities in the United States indicates that the amount of urban area that would be inundated by the 100‐year flood (the flood level that, on average, is exceeded once in 100 years) ranges from 81% for Monroe, Louisiana, to 2.4% for Spokane, Washington.

The report is the latest in a series dealing with water in the urban environment and contains data on the areal extent and degree of occupancy of flood plains in the urbanized areas of the selected cities. The USGS was assisted in compilation of the data by the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Army Corps of Engineers, and the Tennessee Valley Authority.
Marine Petroleum and Minerals Committee established by Secretary of Commerce
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Secretary of Commerce Frederick B. Dent today announced the appointment of fifteen distinguished persons to serve as members of the newly formed Marine Petroleum and Minerals Advisory Committee.

The purpose of the committee is to advise the Secretary of Commerce on matters pertinent to the department's responsibilities related to marine petroleum and marine minerals resources on means to facilitate cooperation between the private sectors and government in these matters and on related Law of the Sea affairs. Under provisions of the committee's charter there may be up to twenty‐five members, each serving a two‐year term. The members represent the industrial, labor, academic, legal, environmental, and economic sectors concerned with the management, use, conservation, and development of marine petroleum and marine minerals resources.
International Symposium on Hydrological Characteristics of River Basins
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Papers are solicited for U.S. participation in an International Symposium on Hydrological Characteristics of River Basins. Sponsored by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) and organized by the Science Council of Japan, the symposium will be held December 1–8, 1975, at the Tokyo Prince Hotel, Tokyo, Japan.

The symposium aims are to summarize research results on representative and experimental basins obtained during the International Hydrological Decade and will serve as a forum for exchange of ideas and information on better water management of river basins. In addition to new ideas, concepts, and methods related to research studies, the program will include discussions of changes in the hydrological cycle as influenced by man's activities on water catchments, agricultural land, and urban areas, and changes in hydrological conditions caused by civil engineering works. Two‐day and three‐day study tours are scheduled for immediately after the meeting.
Conference on Soil‐Water Problems in Cold Regions
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Calgary, Alberta, will be the site on May 6–7, 1975, of a conference sponsored by the Special Task Force on Soil‐Water Problems in Cold Regions, Section of Hydrology, American Geophysical Union. The technical sessions will be held at the Calgary Convention Center, and housing of participants will be at the Four Seasons Hotel.

Registration will cost $10, if paid in advance, and $12, if paid at the meeting. Copies of the proceedings will be presented to all registrants. Information concerning housing facilities and costs will be sent on request.
SMS‐1 Monitors Weather Systems
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The first U.S. Synchronous Meteorological Satellite (SMS‐1), launched last May by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, is in a 22,300‐mile‐high earth‐synchronous orbit that keeps it continuously above one spot in the mid‐Atlantic. From this lofty outpost, the satellite views weather systems over approximately one‐third of the earth and sends back images of what it sees to receiving stations on earth every half hour, night and day.

The satellite images served as a basic tool for diiecting ship and aircraft operations during the study conducted last summer by GATE (the Global Atmospheric Research Program‐Atlantic Tropical Experiment, sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization and the International Council of Scientific Unions). The purpose of the study, which ended in September, was to investigate tropical weather systems and their role as the driving force of the earth's atmosphere.
NSF awards grant to Cornell to study Earth's deep crust
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Representatives from four universities will start a project soon to obtain several profiles of the earth's deep crust and upper mantle to provide a better understanding of that region. Data obtained from the project could help petroleum geologists better understand sedimentary basins where much of the earth's oil deposits have been found.

The work will be done under a one‐year grant of $378,100 by the National Science Foundation to Cornell University, which will coordinate the effort.
AAAS Section to consider weather‐climate modification
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Four out of six sessions of Section W at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, January 26–31, 1975, in New York will focus on aspects of weather‐climate modification. Topics of the other two sessions are ‘The Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences in Transition’ and ‘Lead: Its Sources, Transport, Sinks, and Impacts.’

Subjects of scheduled papers include urban weather anomalies and Metromex, Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP), GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE), International Field Year of the Great Lakes (IFYGL), environmental impact of weather modification, managing the atmosphere—emerging science policy needs, and economic characteristics of weather modification technology.
1975 Title II Water Resources Research Program announced
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Secretary of the Interior Rogers C.B. Morton has announced the selection of 26 research projects to initiate the fiscal year 1975 water research program authorized under Title II of the Water Resources Research Act.

The Title II program—administered by the Office of Water Research and Technology—provides for research grants, contracts, or other arrangements with educational institutions and with private firms and individuals for the conduct of research that seeks solutions to urgent water problems throughout the nation.
Energy production—Heat and mass transfer problems: Seminar and summer school
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A 1975 International Seminar (August 25–30) and a 1975 International Summer School (August 18–23), sponsored by the International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, will be held in Dubrovnik on the Adriatic coast. Both will have the theme ‘Future Energy Production—Heat and Mass Transfer Problems.’

In contrast to some earlier seminars, which were devoted to basic research and to the scientific foundations of heat and mass transfer, the sponsors state that the 1975 seminar (and summer school) will center around the specific problems of heat and mass transfer that will be encountered in future energy production. Both basic and applied research problems will be addressed in the context of energy resources. It is intended that the meeting will bring together the practicing engineer and the scientist to discuss common problems, thus introducing the results of applied research in the shortest possible time.
New products
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Astro Ecology's Total Oxygen Demand Analyzer 1400 is intended for on‐line use in process plants. Significant improvements in performance and reliability are made possible by Astro's unique multistage reaction chamber, say the manufacturers. The reaction chamber handles a continuous sample flow at a rate of nominally 4 cc/min and is not clogged by solid particles up to ⅛ inch in diameter. The result is accurate analysis of a large, representative, continuous flow of waste along with suspended solid particulates, and essentially automatic, unattended operation.
Notes and commentary
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Gilbert F. Cochran, recently of the Desert Research Institute of the University of Nevada system, joined the staff of the U.S. National Committee for the IHD in October. He succeeds Henry S. Santeford, Jr., who resigned in May to become a research hydrologist with the National Weather Service in Anchorage, Alaska.

Since 1968 the new staff officer has been, successively, associate research professor, acting director, and deputy director of the Center for Water Resources Research at the Desert Research Institute. During this period he taught graduate level courses in hydrology (principally in ground water‐related fields), and served as a student advisor and on graduate examining committees. His professional specialty is the development of mathematical models.
Transport mechanisms in the nearshore environment—Mystic topical conference
Authors: Paskausky David
Published: October 2011

The first American Geophysical Union topical conference in oceanography, ‘Transport Mechanisms in the Nearshore Environment,‘ was held in Mystic, Connecticut, on September 9–11, 1974. One hundred and thirty participants from academic, government and industrial organizations heard 48 papers on nearshore oceanography and enjoyed some of the seagoing atmosphere of the Groton area, home of the host organization, the Marine Sciences Institute of the University of Connecticut.
Soil erosion— Sediment yield research in progress
Authors: Heinemann H. G. , Piest R. F.
Published: October 2011

The pace of research to understand erosion processes and to determine soil erosion rates and sediment yields has quickened in recent years. Many soil and water conservation planners have recognized the need to more fully understand the complex forces affecting detachment and movement of soil from erosion source to point of deposition.

We learned long ago that deposited sediment limits the useful life of conservation structures and that we must optimize conservation designs because of a dwindling supply of good sites. More recently, with the advent of increased environmental concern, the necessity for the broadest consideration of all proposed developments and for predicting the environmental impact of optional soil and water conservation plans has been emphasized. The new awareness of the tremendous volume of urban and right‐of‐way construction erosion and its impact on society has intensified our concern. Furthermore, since sediment is a carrier of agricultural chemicals, the priority for a fuller understanding of soil erosion rates and watershed sediment yields has increased.
Planning for development of water resources
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

How does one plan for development of water resources in a river basin?

Is the area suitable for a flood control project? Does it really have great water recreation potential? Would the construction of dams and lakes enable a more judicious use of this water resource?

According to Vance Whitfield of the Research Triangle Institute in North Carolina, these are among the questions being pondered by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in an attempt to find out how the water in the Cape Fear River basin can be used to better advantage.

The Cape Fear River, formed by the confluence of the Deep and Haw Rivers, flows for about 200 miles before emptying into the Atlantic Ocean below Wilmington, North Carolina. Its basin has a drainage area of 8570 square miles. The population in the basin area is growing faster than the national average. Increased population, more disposable income, ancd more leisure will inevitably placet additional demands on both the present water supply and the recreational facilities in the basin.
Clues to prehistoric earthquakes?
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A record of ancient earthquakes that extends over thousands of years may be ‘frozen’ into sediments of natural lakes, according to a recent issue of the U.S. Geological Survey's Earthquake Information Bulletin.

‘… historic records of earthquakes are too short to allow a true assessment of recurrence intervals; therefore a method has been needed that will enable the seismic history of a region to be extended beyond the limit of historic time,’ writes John Sims of the USGS Menlo Park, California, office. ‘One place where a record of ancient seismic history might be preserved is in lake sediments’.
Soviet scientists test new method of depth probing of Earth's crust
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

According to a slightly abridged translation by Novosti Press Agency of an article by Igor D. Morokhov, deputy director of the USSR State Atomic Energy Commission, first published in Sotsialisticheskaya Industriya, Soviet scientists have recently conducted the world's first experiment in vertical resistivity probing of the earth's crust to a depth of 25 miles by means of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator. The new method of probing is expected to have many uses in a number of fields including geology, mining, and earthquake forecasting.

As more of the earth's mineral deposits that are relatively near the surface approach depletion, ways of prospecting for and developing abyssal deposits are urgently needed. The electromagnetic method widely used for earth probing today is inefficient at great depths, since a tenfold increase in the depth of probing requires a millionfold increase in energy expenditure. In addition, powerful stationary installations are not practical because prospecting requires constant relocation.
Geophysicists
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Walter M. Elsasser, who retired from active service at the University of Maryland in summer 1974, has joined the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Johns Hopkins University in a postretirement research position as adjunct professor.

Edward A. Flinn has been appointed director of lunar programs in the Office of Space Science at NASA headquarters in Washington, D. C. He is editor of the planetary surfaces and interiors section of the Journal of Geophysical Research and was secretary of the AGU Section of Seismology from 1970 to 1974.

Leonard E. Johnson has been appointed associate program director for geophysics in the Division of Environmental Sciences, Earth Sciences Section, of the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C.
Climatic Impact Assessment Program
Authors: Donahue Thomas M. , Grobecker Alan J.
Published: October 2011

As president of the Section of Solar‐Planetary Relationships of the American Geophysical Union I agreed last year, in cooperation with the American Meteorological Society, to sanction, in the name of our union, a scientific review of the Climatic Impact Assessment Program draft monographs 1, 3, and 4. I not only suggested names of referees but, upon request, participated in the process myself.

The ‘Executive Summary of the Report of Findings’ by the DOT in my opinion conceals the logical conclusions of the CIAP study as it was presented in the monographs we saw and criticized: it introduces new concepts concerning ultimate SST fleet sizes, flight times, and emission standards without candidly stating the ultimate effect of such fleets by the early twenty‐first century on the stratosphere; and it, together with uncorrected stories based on it and press interviews accompanying its release, have caused serious loss of credibility to atmospheric scientists.
Guide to Canyonlands National Park
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A guide to the geology of the spectacular Canyonlands National Park in southeastern Utah has been prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey and is now available for sale to the public.

The booklet was written by S.W. Lohman, and the artwork was done by John R. Stacy, both of the USGS Lakewood, Colorado, office.
AGI Minority Scholarships announced for 1975–1976
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The American Geological Institute's scholarship program for geoscience majors from minority groups (mainly blacks, American Indians, and students with Spanish surnames) is going strong, with 23 AGI minority students receiving support ranging from $250 to $2000 for the current academic year. Money to support the scholarships came from 6 member societies (including AGU with a $2000 donation); 8 mining, oil, and geophysical companies; and many individuals.

AGI expects to award about the same number of scholarships, ranging in amount from $500 to $2000 each, for the 1975–1976 school year. Geoscience majors with good academic records who are enrolled at accredited institutions may apply. Both graduate and undergraduate students are eligible. Scholarship recipients will be selected by an advisory committee and recommended for approval by AGI's executive committee. Selection will be based on academic excellence, need, and prospects for success in the geosciences.