bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Dosis dan Frekuensi Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Niis Agatha , Nik Nikolas
Published: November 2018

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk Mengetahui pengaruh pupuk organik cair terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi sawah serta Mengetahui dosis dan frekuensi optimum yang berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi sawah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Juni 2016 di daerah persawahan Motamaro Desa Tasain, Kecamatan Raimanuk, Kabupaten Belu, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial 3 x 3 yang diulang 3 kali. Faktor pertama adalah dosis POC (D) terdiri dari tiga aras yaitu dosis 2 L/ ha (D1), 4 L/ha (D2), 6 L/ha (D3). Faktor kedua adalah frekuensi pemberian (F) terdiri dari tiga aras yaitu 2 kali (F1), 4 kali (F2), 6 kali (F3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis pupuk organik cair terbaik adalah 6 liter dengan hasil berat kering biji sebesar 8,90 t/ha, sedangkan frekuensi penyemprotan pupuk organik cair tidak berbeda nyata. ©2017 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Pengaruh Pemangkasan Akar dan Waktu Penyapihan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana Willd) Asal Stum
Authors: Louk Maximus , Raharjo Krisantus Tri Pambudi
Published: November 2018

Penggunaan anakan yang tumbuh liar sebagai bibit (stum) umum dilakukan pada tanaman kemiri oleh masyarakat di pulau Timor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Pemangkasan akar dan Waktu Penyapihan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Kemiri (Aleurites maluccana, Willd.) Asal Stum dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial 3 x 3 dengan 5 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah pemangkasan akar yang terdiri dari 3 aras yaitu, Faktor pertama adalah pemangkasan akar yang terdiri dari 3 aras yaitu, P0: Menyisakan panjang potongan 15 cm, P1: Menyisakan panjang potongan 10 cm, dan P2: Menyisakan panjang potongan 5 cm. Faktor kedua adalah waktu Penyapihan, dengan 3 aras yakni, C1: 8 minggu, C2: 9 minggu, dan C3: 10 minggu. Pengamatn mengikuti : Tinggi Tanaman Jumlah Daun (Helai), Diameter Batang, Luas Daun, Bobot segar Akar, Bobot segar Batang, Bobot kering Akar, Bobot kering Batang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terjadi interaksi antara panjang sisa potongan akar dengan waktu penyapihan pada semua parameter pengamatan. Pengaruh utama perlakuan sisa potongan akar 5 cm menghasilkan persentase peningkatan bobot kering tanaman terbaik (298,7%). Pengaruh utama perlakuan waktu penyapihan tidak menunjukkan beda nyata pada semua parameter pengamatan. ©2017 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
In Vitro Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Puni (Zingiber zerumbet) Asal Pulau Timor
Authors: Kapitan Origenes Boy , Ambarsari Laksmi , Falah Syamsul
Published: November 2018

Puni (Zingiber zerumbet) merupakan tanaman yang tumbuh secara liar yang dimanfaatkan oleh penduduk di Pulau Timor dalam mengobati luka borok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri esktrak tanaman dan mengetahui kandungan senyawa aktif pada ekstrak teraktif tanaman. Ekstraksi senyawa-senyawa aktif tanaman dilakukan menggunakan empat pelarut yakni pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat, etanol, dan air. Metode difusi agar digunakan dalam menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak dan pencarian nilai KHTM untuk ekstrak teraktif. Analisis komponen senyawa aktif dilakukan menggunakan LC-MS. Ekstrak etanol diketahui memiliki kemampuan antibakteri terbaik dibanding ketiga ekstrak lainnya. Nilai KHTM ekstrak etanol terhadap bakteri S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, dan P. aeruginosa berturut-turut sebesar 50, 100, 150, 250 mg mL-1. Hasil analisis LC-MS menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol mengandung senyawa zerumbon dan gingerglikolipid B. ©2017 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Pengaruh Jenis Sulur dan Jumlah Ruas terhadap Pertumbuhan Sirih Buah Asal Desa Tunmat Kecamatan Io Kufeu Kabupaten Malaka (Piper betle, L)
Authors: Tae Sesilia Niis , Ceunfin Syprianus , Lelang Maria Afnita
Published: November 2018

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis sulur dan jumlah ruas terhadap pertumbuhan sirih buah asal desa Tunmat, kecamatan Io Kufeu, kabupaten Malaka. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan percobaan faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah jenis sulur, yang terdiri dari sulur panjat dan sulur tanah. Faktor kedua adalah jumlah ruas yaitu 3 ruas, 5 ruas, dan 7 ruas yang diulang sebanyak 6 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Terjadi interaksi antara perlakuan jenis sulur dan jumlah ruas pada parameter pengamatan jumlah tunas cabang 90 HST, dan jumlah daun 90 HST. Jenis sulur tanah yang dikombinasikan dengan jumlah ruas 7 menghasilkan jumlah tunas cabang, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang dan jumlah daun paling tinggi. Jenis sulur panjat yang dikombinasikan dengan jumlah ruas 5 tidak terjadi interaksi namun memberikan hasil tanaman sirih buah tertinggi pada parameter luas daun, berat segar daun dan berat segar total. ©2017 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Pengaruh Takaran Guano dan Konsentrasi Teh Kompos terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Neonbeni Eduardus Yosef , Seran Ambrosius
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan takaran guano dan konsentrasi teh kompos yang memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil yang tertinggi bagi kacang hijau (Vigna radiata, L.) varietas unggul lokal Fore Belu. Guano 0 t/ha, 1 t/ha, 2 t/ha dan 3 t/ha sebagai pupuk akar diberikan yang dikombinasikan dengan teh kompos konsentrasi 1:5 (bokasi 1 kg diekstrak dengan 5 liter air) dan 1:10 (bokasi 1 kg diekstrak dengan 10 liter air) yang disemprotkan melalui daun. Perlakukan disusun menurut Rancangan Acak kelompok faktorial yang diulang dalam empat blok. Teh kompos diberikankan melalui daun dan akar setiap minggu semenjak kacang hijau berumur 14 hari hingga 42 hari setelah tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter pertumbuhan (diameter batang, panjang akar, luas daun) dan hasil kacang hijau (berat biji kering) tertinggi diperoleh dari pemberian guano 2 t/ha. Pemberian teh kompos konsentrasi 1:5 secara signifikan menurunkan serangan karat daun yang mengindikasikan adanya peningkatan ketahanan kacang hijau terhadap penyakit. ©2017 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Pengaruh Jenis dan Dosis Pupuk Kandang terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kacang Buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Usboko Aloysius , Lelang Maria Afnita , Neonbeni Eduardus Yosef
Published: November 2018

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan dosis pupuk kandang terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kacang buncis serta mendapatkan jenis dan dosis pupuk yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil, dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2016–Februari 2017 di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Timor Kelurahan Sasi, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor yakni faktor pertama adalah jenis pupuk kandang, terdiri dari pupuk kandang sapi, pupuk kandang babi, pupuk kandang kambing. Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk kandang, terdiri dari 5 t/ha, 10 t/ha, 15 t/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terjadi interaksi antara jenis dan dosis pupuk kandang. Pemberian jenis pupuk kandang babi dengan dosis 15 t/ha dapat memberikan pertumbuhan tertinggi, yakni pada akhir vegetatifnya mencapai tinggi 56,78 cm dan hasil tertinggi berupa, jumlah polong per tanaman terbanyak (39 polong), jumlah polong segar per petak terbanyak (235 polong), polong segar per tanaman terberat (240 g), dan polong segar per petak terberat (1,28 kg). ©2017 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Pengaruh Model Tumpangsari dan Pengaturan Jarak Tanam Kacang Nasi (Vigna angularis L.) Kultivar Lokal terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Neo Fransiskus Xaverius , Ceunfin Syprianus
Published: November 2018

Tanaman jagung dan kacang nasi adalah dua jenis tanaman yang cocok diterapkan pada pola tumpangsari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung dalam pola tanam tumpangsari; 2) model tumpangsari terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung; dan 3) pengaturan jarak tanam yang baik dalam pola tanam tumpangsari jagung dan kacang nasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Timor, pada bulan Desember 2016 sampai Maret 2017, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial yang diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama adalah model tumpangsari yang terdiri dari tiga aras yaitu tumpangsari standar nasional (sistem sela), tumpangsari salome (model timor) dan gabungan. Faktor kedua adalah pengaturan Jarak tanam yang terdiri dari dua aras yaitu single row dan doble row. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi antara model tumpangsari dan pengaturan jarak tanam terhadap parameter pengamatan berat kering biji per petak, berat kering biji per hektar. Tanaman jagung yang ditumpangsarikan dengan kacang nasi pada perlakuan model tumpangsari salome dengan pengaturan jarak tanam doble row menghasilkan berat kering biji per petak paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 269,31 g dan 0,89 t/ha.
Pengaruh Jenis Teh Kompos dan Mulsa Organik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kacang Mungo (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) Var. Lokal Timor
Authors: Kamlasi Miryam , Ceunfin Syprianus , Lelang Maria Afnita
Published: November 2018

Kacang mungo ini berasal dari India dan telah dibudidaya dari zaman kuno serta merupakan salah satu kacang yang sangat berharga di India dan Pakistan. Kacang mungo di Nusa Tenggara Timur, khususnya di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, Kecamatan Amanatun Utara dikenal dengan nama ‘fue metan’. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman hasil produksi fue metan semakin menurun bahkan hampir punah karena hanya segelintir petani yang masih menjaga, menyelamatkan dengan terus membudidayakan jenis kacang ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis teh kompos dan jenis mulsa terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang mungo. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok faktorial 4 × 3 dan diulang 3 kali. Faktor pertama adalah jenis teh kompos terdiri dari empat aras yaitu kontrol, teh kompos daun kerinyu, teh kompos daun gamal, teh kompos daun kerinyu + daun gamal dan faktor kedua adalah jenis mulsa organik terdiri dati tiga aras yaitu kontrol, mulsa organik dari rumput, mulsa organik dari serbuk gergaji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian teh kompos mampu meningkatkan indeks panen sebesar 26-37% dari kontrol. Pemberian mulsa pada tanah meningkatkan kadar lengas tanah mengindikasikan daya ikat air tanah lebih baik sehingga mampu meningkatkan berat biji per tanaman. ©2018 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Pengaruh Takaran Arang Sekam Padi dan Bokashi Cair terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Cunino Ignatio Ivanlendi , Taolin Roberto I. C. O.
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh takaran arang sekam padi dan bokashi cair terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil mentimun serta mengetahui takaran arang sekam padi dan bokashi cair yang tepat untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil mentimun yang optimum. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor dengan tiga kali ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah takaran arang sekam padi yang terdiri dari tiga aras yaitu tanpa arang sekam padi atau 0 t/ha, 5 t/ha dan 10 t/ha. Faktor kedua adalah takaran bokashi cair yang terdiri dari tiga aras yaitu tanpa bokashi cair atau 0 ml, 2 ml dan 4 ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh interaksi antara takaran arang sekam padi dan bokashi cair hanya terjadi terhadap suhu tanah 35 HST. Takaran arang sekam padi berpengaruh nyata terhadap suhu tanah 14 HST, berat per buah, berat buah per tanaman, jumlah buah per petak, berat segar berangkasan dan indeks panen. Takaran bokashi cair berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat buah per petak panen I dan total panen, berat segar berangkasan dan berat kering berangkasan. Pemberian arang sekam padi 5 t/ha memberikan hasil terbaik berupa 55694 buah setiap hektar dengan berat 16,250 ton. Pemberian bokashi cair 4 ml per tanaman memberikan hasil 53333 buah setiap hektar dengan berat 16,931 ton. ©2018 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Komposisi dan Keanekaragaman Jenis Pohon Di Hutan Lindung Lapeom Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara
Authors: Naisumu Yolanda Getrudis
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan komposisi dan keanekaragaman jenis pohon di Hutan Lindung Lapeom. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November sampai Desember 2009 menggunakan metode kuadrat dengan menempatkan plot disepanjang garis transek. Jumlah transek 5 buah, panjang transek 200 m, di setiap transek diletakkan 5 plot pengamatan dengan ukuran 20 m x 20 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 22 jenis pohon dari 17 famili. Famili dengan jumlah spesies terbanyak adalah famili Caesalpinaceae sebanyak 4 spesies yakni Casia fistula, L, Delonix regia, Rafin, Cassia simea, Lamk, dan Tamarindus indica, L. Jenis dengan jumlah individu terbanyak adalah Mangifera indica, L dari famili Anacardiaceae sebanyak 20 individu. Spesies dengan indeks nilai penting tertinggi adalah Mangifera indica (43,7%), sedangkan jenis yang memiliki indeks nilai penting terendah adalah Zizipus jujuba (1.8%,) dan Jatropa Sp (1.9%). Indeks Keanekaragaman jenis pohon di hutan lindung lapeom termasuk kategori sedang dengan nilai 2.7 hal ini menunjukkan bahwa wilayah hutan lindung lapeom merupakan wilayah yang memiliki tingkat produktivitas pohon yang cukup, kondisi ekosistem yang cukup seimbang dan memiliki tekanan ekologis yang sedang. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan komposisi jenis hutan laepom sebanyak 22 jenis pohon dalam 17 famili, Jenis yang paling banyak jumlah individunya adalah Mangifera indica, L dari famili Anacardiaceae Spesies yang memiliki indeks nilai penting tertinggi adalah Mangifera indica (43, 7%) dan jenis yang memiliki indeks nilai penting terendah adalah Zizipus jujuba (1.8%), Indeks Keanekaragaman jenis pohon di hutan lindung lapeom termasuk kategori sedang.
Perubahan Kadar Vitamin Dan Mineral Pada Fermentasi Tempe Gude (Cajanus cajan L.)
Authors: Sine Yuni , Soetarto Endang S
Published: November 2018

Tempe merupakan makanan tradisional Indonesia yang kaya akan vitamin dan mineral mudah dicerna oleh tubuh. Bahan yang lazimnya digunakan sebagai substrat fermentasi tempe adalah kacang kedelai (Glicyne max), akan tetapi tidak semua daerah di Indonesia dapat ditumbuhi oleh kacang kedelai, oleh karena itu dibutuhkan substrat alternative untuk fermentasi tempe. Kacang gude (Cajanus cajan L.) dapat dijadikan sebagai substrat alternatif fermentasi tempe, hal ini dikarenakan kacang gude mempunyai kandungan gizi yang cukup baik dan memiliki kandungan vitamin dan mineral yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Namun demikian sebagian mineral tersebut terikat dengan senyawa asam fitat yang merupakan tripsin inhibitor, sehingga proses pengolahan seperti fermentasi merupakan salah satu cara untuk menguraikan senyawa asam fitat. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pengujian berupa penentuan kadar abu, nitrogen, vitamin dan mineral dengan metode standar, dilakukan sebelum dan setelah fermentasi. Kadar abu mengalami penurunan setelah fermentasi, kadar nitrogen, kadar besi, kadar kalsium dan kadar fosfor juga mengalami penurunan, sedangkan vitamin B12 mengalami peningkatan meskipun tidak signifikan.
Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa SMP
Authors: Keban Maria Lina , Nahak Selestina , Kelen Yoseph Pius Kurniawan
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini berjudul Pengaruh motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa SMP. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada pengaruh motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika dan berapa besar pengaruh motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa SMP Negeri 1 Insana Utara yang berjumlah 219 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Insana Utara yang berjumlah 58 orang. Variabel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari motivasi siswa sebagai variabel bebas (X) dan hasil belajar sebagai variabel terikat (Y). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes hasil belajar dan menggunakan angket motivasi belajar sebagai data primer. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana dengan persamaan regresinya adalah Ŷ = 39,11 + 0,51x. Setelah dilakukan pengujian dengan analisis regresi sederhana diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang kuat antara motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika yang dibuktikan dengan hasil perhitungan koefisien korelasinya sebesar 0,715, dilihat dari tabel interpretasi koefisien korelasi nilai r dan hasil parhitungan koefisien determinasinya sebesar 71,5% yang berarti apabila motivasi belajar semakin tinggi maka semakin baik pula hasil belajarnya.
Efektivitas Biolarvasida Ekstrak Daun Sirsak Dan Serai Wangi Terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Authors: Kolo Sefrinus MD
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas biolarvasida ekstrak daun sirsak dan serai wangi terhadap larva Aedes aegypti. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirsak dan serai wangi yaitu 750ppm, 1000ppm, 1500ppm, 2000ppm, dan 5000ppm dengan waktu kontak 20 menit, 45 menit, 65 menit, 90 menit dan jumlah ulangan sebanyak 3 kali dengan 15 kali percobaan. Untuk mengetahui konsentrasi efektif (LC50), data dianalisis dengan menggunakan program Minitab 16. Sampel penelitian ini adalah daun sirsak diambil di kebun masyarakat Kelurahan Kefa Selatan Maslete, Serai Wangi diambil di Desa Oenenu. Larva Aedes aegypti diambil pada tempat penampungan air di BTN Desa Naiola, Kecamatan Bikomi Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak daun sirsak dan serai wangi memiliki daya bunuh yang efektif terhadap larva Aedes aegypti. Ekstrak yang lebih efektif dalam membunuh larva nyamuk adalah ekstrak daun sirsak dibandingan ekstrak serai wangi terlihat pada jumlah persentase kematian larva. Nilai LC50 mencapai angka 214 pada menit ke 90. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa toksisitas cukup. Konsentrasi efektif terdapat pada konsentrasi 2000ppm dengan waktu kontak selama 90 menit dengan daya proteksi sebesar 96,66%.
Introducing Reviews in Colorado Archaeology, a New Online Journal for Archaeological Research and Cultural Resources Management
Authors: Mitchell Mark
Published: November 2018

Decisions about which sites to preserve and study are among the most critical that archaeologists make. Sound preservation decisions depend on well-supported assessments of archaeological site importance, which in turn depend on agreed frames of reference or contexts. For archaeologists working in Colorado and adjacent regions, one of the most important frames of reference is a series of context documents published by the Colorado Council of Professional Archaeologists. As is true of any synthesis of archaeological data, those contexts are now in need of renewal, and in some cases revision. To provide one venue for context updates, Paleocultural Research Group has inaugurated an online, refereed journal called Reviews in Colorado Archaeology (RCA) that publishes authoritative and critical reviews, original research, National Register contexts, and methodological primers. RCA also publishes separately numbered, book-length contributions and distributes monographs or edited volumes produced by universities, federal or state agencies, or other organizations. RCA is one component of a new website designed to support research, cultural resources management, and public education in Colorado archaeology. Called “Online Resources for Colorado Archaeology and Historic Preservation,” or ORCA, the site is an open-access platform that integrates a reference library, a compendium of hyperlinks to online resources, a forum for community discussion and professional collaboration, and resources for educators, students, and avocationals.
‘Here in India’: Nineteenth-Century British Women Navigating their Position in the Empire through Children's Literature
Authors: Aberbach Jesse
Published: November 2018

This article considers how the children's books written by two nineteenth-century female writers, Eliza Tabor and Mary Martha Sherwood, when they accompanied their husbands to India, enabled them to navigate this new environment and their position as respectable middle-class women while revealing how India was deemed a place where British childhood was impossible. Just as many women took up botanical study to legitimise their ‘otherwise transgressive presence in imperial spaces’ (McEwan 219), writing for children enabled others to engage with the masculine world of travelling and earning money without compromising their femininity. Addressing their work to children also seems to have helped both writers to deal with the absence of their own children: the Indian climate made it impossibly challenging for most British infants and children. In this way their writing gives expression to what might be termed a crisis of imperial motherhood. Underlying the texts is an anxiety relating to British settlement and an attempt to comprehend and control a place that threatened their maternal roles.
Effect of Cation Influx on the Viability of Freeze-Dried Lactobacillus brevis WiKim0069
Authors: Choi In , Kim Ho , Wi Seung , Chun Ho , Hwang In , Park Hae
Published: November 2018

Extension of the storage stability of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria is important for industrialization. In this study, the effect of cation influx from soy powder, which contains high amounts of cations, as a cryoprotective agent on the viability of freeze-dried Lactobacillus brevis WiKim0069 was tested. Compared to that in the absence of the soy powder, bacterial viability was significantly higher in the presence of soy powder. Approximately 4.7% of L. brevis WiKim0069 survived in the absence of the protective agent, whereas 92.8% viability was observed in the presence of soy powder. However, when cations were removed from the soy powder by using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and a cationic resin filter, the viability of L. brevis WiKim0069 decreased to 22.9–24.7%. When the soy powder was treated with ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, the viability was higher than when it was pretreated with EDTA and a cationic resin filter, suggesting that Mg2+ had a role in enhancing the viability of L. brevis WiKim0069. Cold adaptation at 10 °C prior to freeze-drying had a positive effect on the storage stability of freeze-dried L. brevis WiKim0069, with 60.6% viability after 56 days of storage. A decrease in the fluorescence polarization value indicated an increase in membrane fluidity, which regulates the activity of ion channels present in the cell membrane. Cold adaptation caused activation of the cation channels, resulting in increased intracellular influx of cations, i.e., Ca2+ and Mg2+. These results suggest that cold adaptation can be used to improve the storage stability of L. brevis WiKim0069.
Effect of Different Types of Recycled Concrete Aggregates on Equivalent Concrete Strength and Drying Shrinkage Properties
Authors: Yang Sungchul
Published: November 2018

Residual mortar attached to recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) always leads to a decrease in Young’s modulus and an increase in the drying shrinkage of RCA concrete, mainly due to an increase of total mortar volume. To overcome this inherent problem, the modified and equivalent mortar volume (EMV) methods were proposed by researchers. Despite the comparable test results, both models are still subject to the slump loss problem. Thus, under the same W/C (water to cement ratio) ratio and slump condition, this study assessed the influence of the modified EMV mix method on RCA concrete properties. A total of six mixes were proportioned using the modified EMV method with three different RCAs. Test results show that the concrete mixed with RCA produced from old PC concrete sleepers exhibited compressive strength, Young’s modulus, and flexural strength values within 2% variation, equivalent to those values of the companion natural aggregate concrete. In other mixes, compressive strength was found to decrease to 11–20%. It was observed that for 100% replacement of RCA mix, Young’s modulus increased to 10% and drying shrinkage increased to 8% only, while for 50% replacement of RCA mix, Young’s modulus decreased to 8% and drying shrinkage dropped to 4%.
Microstructure Analysis of Modified Asphalt Mixtures under Freeze-Thaw Cycles Based on CT Scanning Technology
Authors: Gong Yafeng , Bi Haipeng , Liang Chunyu , Wang Shurong
Published: November 2018

The modifiers NTC (nano-TiO2/CaCO3) and BF (basalt fiber) were adopted to modify a base matrix asphalt mixture. The base matrix asphalt mixture and three kinds of modified asphalt mixture under F–T (freeze–thaw) cycles were scanned by computed tomography. The air voids and morphological changes of asphalt mixture were summarized by image processing technology, and the development process of F–T damage to asphalt mixture was explained from a micro-view. The porosity of NTC-modified asphalt mixture changed little, and the void distribution between base matrix asphalt mixture and NTC-BF (nano-TiO2/CaCO3 and basalt fiber) composite modified asphalt mixture was more uniform. The macro-pores in the asphalt mixture under 15 F–T cycles began to connect gradually, and the pore characteristics also changed. The number and shape of the pores changed under 15 F–T cycles. According to the state characteristics, the change amplitude of the pore characteristics of matrix asphalt mixture and NTC-BF composite modified asphalt mixture were the most stable under F–T cycles.
Recent Advances Concerning the 87Sr Optical Lattice Clock at the National Time Service Center
Authors: Wang Yebing , Lu Xiaotong , Lu Benquan , Kong Dehuan , Chang Hong
Published: November 2018

We review recent experimental progress concerning the 87Sr optical lattice clock at the National Time Service Center in China. Hertz-level spectroscopy of the 87Sr clock transition for the optical lattice clock was performed, and closed-loop operation of the optical lattice clock was realized. A fractional frequency instability of 2.8 × 10−17 was attained for an averaging time of 2000 s. The Allan deviation is found to be 1.6 × 10−15/τ1/2 and is limited mainly by white-frequency-noise. The Landé g-factors of the (5s2)1S0 and (5s5p)3P0 states in 87Sr were measured experimentally; they are important for evaluating the clock’s Zeeman shifts. We also present recent work on the miniaturization of the strontium optical lattice clock for space applications.
Research Progress of Visual Inspection Technology of Steel Products—A Review
Authors: Sun Xiaohong , Gu Jinan , Tang Shixi , Li Jing
Published: November 2018

The automation and intellectualization of the manufacturing processes in the iron and steel industry needs the strong support of inspection technologies, which play an important role in the field of quality control. At present, visual inspection technology based on image processing has an absolute advantage because of its intuitive nature, convenience, and efficiency. A major breakthrough in this field can be achieved if sufficient research regarding visual inspection technologies is undertaken. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the latest developments in steel inspection relating to the detected object, system hardware, and system software, existing problems of current inspection technologies, and future research directions. The paper mainly focuses on the research status and trends of inspection technology. The network framework based on deep learning provides space for the development of end-to-end mode inspection technology, which would greatly promote the implementation of intelligent manufacturing.
Non-Monotonic Dependencies of Cloud Microphysics and Precipitation on Aerosol Loading in Deep Convective Clouds: A Case Study Using the WRF Model with Bin Microphysics
Authors: Jeon Ye-Lim , Moon Sungju , Lee Hyunho , Baik Jong-Jin , Lkhamjav Jambajamts
Published: November 2018

Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions in deep convective clouds are investigated through numerical simulations of a heavy precipitation event over South Korea on 15–16 July 2017. The Weather Research and Forecasting model with a bin microphysics scheme is used, and various aerosol number concentrations in the range N0 = 50–12,800 cm−3 are considered. Precipitation amount changes non-monotonically with increasing aerosol loading, with a maximum near a moderate aerosol loading (N0 = 800 cm−3). Up to this optimal value, an increase in aerosol number concentration results in a greater quantity of small droplets formed by nucleation, increasing the number of ice crystals. Ice crystals grow into snow particles through deposition and riming, leading to enhanced melting and precipitation. Beyond the optimal value, a greater aerosol loading enhances generation of ice crystals while the overall growth of ice hydrometeors through deposition stagnates. Subsequently, the riming rate decreases because of the smaller size of snow particles and supercooled drops, leading to a decrease in ice melting and a slight suppression of precipitation. As aerosol loading increases, cold pool and low-level convergence strengthen monotonically, but cloud development is more strongly affected by latent heating and convection within the system that is non-monotonically reinforced.
Linear or Nonlinear Modeling for ENSO Dynamics?
Authors: Bianucci Marco , Capotondi Antonietta , Mannella Riccardo , Merlino Silvia
Published: November 2018

The observed ENSO statistics exhibits a non-Gaussian behavior, which is indicative of the presence of nonlinear processes. In this paper, we use the Recharge Oscillator Model (ROM), a largely used Low-Order Model (LOM) of ENSO, as well as methodologies borrowed from the field of statistical mechanics to identify which aspects of the system may give rise to nonlinearities that are consistent with the observed ENSO statistics. In particular, we are interested in understanding whether the nonlinearities reside in the system dynamics or in the fast atmospheric forcing. Our results indicate that one important dynamical nonlinearity often introduced in the ROM cannot justify a non-Gaussian system behavior, while the nonlinearity in the atmospheric forcing can instead produce a statistics similar to the observed. The implications of the non-Gaussian character of ENSO statistics for the frequency of extreme El Niño events is then examined.
Single Molecule FRET: A Powerful Tool to Study Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
Authors: LeBlanc Sharonda , Kulkarni Prakash , Weninger Keith
Published: November 2018

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are often modeled using ideas from polymer physics that suggest they smoothly explore all corners of configuration space. Experimental verification of this random, dynamic behavior is difficult as random fluctuations of IDPs cannot be synchronized across an ensemble. Single molecule fluorescence (or Förster) resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is one of the few approaches that are sensitive to transient populations of sub-states within molecular ensembles. In some implementations, smFRET has sufficient time resolution to resolve transitions in IDP behaviors. Here we present experimental issues to consider when applying smFRET to study IDP configuration. We illustrate the power of applying smFRET to IDPs by discussing two cases in the literature of protein systems for which smFRET has successfully reported phosphorylation-induced modification (but not elimination) of the disordered properties that have been connected to impacts on the related biological function. The examples we discuss, PAGE4 and a disordered segment of the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor, illustrate the great potential of smFRET to inform how IDP function can be regulated by controlling the detailed ensemble of disordered states within biological networks.
Ophiopogonin D, a Steroidal Glycoside Abrogates STAT3 Signaling Cascade and Exhibits Anti-Cancer Activity by Causing GSH/GSSG Imbalance in Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Jong , Kim Chulwon , Lee Seok-Geun , Sethi Gautam , Ahn Kwang
Published: November 2018

Natural medicinal plants are multi-targeted in nature and their anti-cancer activities are also complex and varied, thus requiring a more systematic analysis of their modes of action. Since the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is often deregulated in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells and tissue specimens, its negative regulation can form the basis for identification of targeted therapy. In this report, we analyzed the possible anti-cancer effects of ophiopogonin D (OP-D) and the underlying mechanisms by which OP-D exerts its actions in NSCLC. OP-D exhibited substantial suppressive activity on STAT3 signaling and this effect was found to be mediated via oxidative stress phenomena caused by disturbance in GSH/GSSG ratio. In addition, OP-D induced apoptosis, activated caspase mediated apoptotic cascade and decreased expression of various oncogenic genes. Consistently, OP-D treatment significantly reduced NSCLC tumor growth in preclinical mouse model with via decreasing levels of p-STAT3. OP-D was also found to attenuate the expression of STAT3-regulated anti-apoptosis, cell cycle regulator, and angiogenesis biomarkers. Our findings suggest that OP-D can induce apoptosis and exert anti-tumor effects by inhibition of STAT3 signaling pathways in NSCLC.
Mg-Catalyzed OPPenauer Oxidation—Application to the Flow Synthesis of a Natural Pheromone
Authors: Liautard Virginie , Birepinte Mélodie , Bettoli Camille , Pucheault Mathieu
Published: November 2018

The so-called OPPenauer oxidation is well known for its ability to oxidize valuable alcohols into their corresponding aldehydes or ketones. In particular, it has proven to be extremely successful in the oxidation of sterols. On the other hand, its application—in the original formulation—to the obtainment of ketones outside the field of steroids met a more limited success because of less favorable thermodynamics and side reactions. To circumvent these issues, the first example of magnesium-catalyzed OPPenauer oxidation is described. The oxidation of primary and secondary alcohol was performed using pivaldehyde or bromaldehyde as the oxidant and cheap magnesium tert-butoxide as catalyst. Decent to excellent yields were obtained using reasonable catalytic charge. The synthesis of a pheromone stemming from the Rhynchophorus ferrugineus was obtained by tandem addition-oxidation of 2-methylpentanal and the process was successfully applied to continuous flow on a multigram scale.
Infrared Characterization of the Bidirectional Oxygen-Sensitive [NiFe]-Hydrogenase from E. coli
Authors: Senger Moritz , Laun Konstantin , Soboh Basem , Stripp Sven T.
Published: November 2018

[NiFe]-hydrogenases are gas-processing metalloenzymes that catalyze the conversion of dihydrogen (H2) to protons and electrons in a broad range of microorganisms. Within the framework of green chemistry, the molecular proceedings of biological hydrogen turnover inspired the design of novel catalytic compounds for H2 generation. The bidirectional “O2-sensitive” [NiFe]-hydrogenase from Escherichia coli HYD-2 has recently been crystallized; however, a systematic infrared characterization in the presence of natural reactants is not available yet. In this study, we analyze HYD-2 from E. coli by in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR) under quantitative gas control. We provide an experimental assignment of all catalytically relevant redox intermediates alongside the O2- and CO-inhibited cofactor species. Furthermore, the reactivity and mutual competition between H2, O2, and CO was probed in real time, which lays the foundation for a comparison with other enzymes, e.g., “O2-tolerant” [NiFe]-hydrogenases. Surprisingly, only Ni-B was observed in the presence of O2 with no indications for the “unready” Ni-A state. The presented work proves the capabilities of in situ ATR FTIR spectroscopy as an efficient and powerful technique for the analysis of biological macromolecules and enzymatic small molecule catalysis.
miR-338-3p Is Regulated by Estrogens through GPER in Breast Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs)
Authors: Vivacqua Adele , Sebastiani Anna , Miglietta Anna Maria , Rigiracciolo Damiano Cosimo , Cirillo Francesca , Galli Giulia Raffaella , Talia Marianna , Santolla Maria Francesca , Lappano Rosamaria , Giordano Francesca , Panno Maria Luisa , Maggiolini Marcello
Published: November 2018

Estrogens acting through the classic estrogen receptors (ERs) and the G protein estrogen receptor (GPER) regulate the expression of diverse miRNAs, small sequences of non-coding RNA involved in several pathophysiological conditions, including breast cancer. In order to provide novel insights on miRNAs regulation by estrogens in breast tumor, we evaluated the expression of 754 miRNAs by TaqMan Array in ER-negative and GPER-positive SkBr3 breast cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) upon 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment. Various miRNAs were regulated by E2 in a peculiar manner in SkBr3 cancer cells and CAFs, while miR-338-3p displayed a similar regulation in both cell types. By METABRIC database analysis we ascertained that miR-338-3p positively correlates with overall survival in breast cancer patients, according to previous studies showing that miR-338-3p may suppress the growth and invasion of different cancer cells. Well-fitting with these data, a miR-338-3p mimic sequence decreased and a miR-338-3p inhibitor sequence rescued the expression of genes and the proliferative effects induced by E2 through GPER in SkBr3 cancer cells and CAFs. Altogether, our results provide novel evidence on the molecular mechanisms by which E2 may regulate miR-338-3p toward breast cancer progression.
Thermodynamic Assessment of the Suitability of the Limiting Selectivity to Screen Ionic Liquid Entrainers for Homogeneous Extractive Distillation Processes
Authors: Paluch Andrew S. , Dhakal Pratik
Published: November 2018

As a result of their high tuneability and low volatility, room temperature ionic liquids have been proposed as replacement solvents in a wide range of industrial applications. They are particularly well-suited for use as an entrainer (or solvent) in extractive distillation processes to separate close boiling and azeotropic mixtures. The limiting selectivity is a common, fundamental parameter used to screen and rank entrainer candidates. In the present study, we present a detailed thermodynamic analysis to understand the basis for its use along with the necessary, underlying assumptions. We find that, while for many cases the limiting selectivity can correctly rank ionic liquid entrainer candidates for homogeneous extractive distillation processes, it is not always able to capture the correct phase behavior. We, instead, recommend the use of composition dependent activity coefficients.
Fabrication and Optical Properties of 2at.%Yb:LuYAG Mixed Crystal through Nanocrystalline Powders
Authors: Zhou Ding , Yang Meiqi , Xu Jiayue , Jiang Yijian , Ma Yunfeng , Shi Ying
Published: November 2018

Ytterbium doped Lu1.5Y1.5Al5O12 (LuYAG) nanocrystalline powders were synthesized by a wet chemical mixed precipitant co-precipitation (MPP) method, and then the mixed crystal of Yb:LuYAG was grown in an optical floating zone (OFZ) furnace at the speed of 6–10 mm/h, using a [111] oriented YAG seed crystal. The transmittance of the polished LuYAG crystal is close to the ideal value of LuAG or YAG. The X-ray rocking curve shows complete symmetry and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is 10 arc-second, indicating the good quality of as grown Yb:LuYAG multicomponent garnet crystal. The thermal luminescent spectrum at room temperature shows four deep energy traps at around 1–1.3 eV. X-ray excited luminesce (XEL) spectra is measured to characterize the existence of LuAl or YAl shadow defects in the bulk single crystal. The emission peak at around 320 nm indicates that the LuYAG crystal prepared by OFZ have lower concentrations of antisite defects (AD) with respect to its Czochralski counterpart.
Enhancing the Light-Extraction Efficiency of AlGaN-Based Deep-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes by Optimizing the Diameter and Tilt of the Aluminum Sidewall
Authors: Pai Yung-Min , Lin Chih-Hao , Lee Chun-Fu , Lin Chun-Peng , Chen Cheng-Huan , Kuo Hao-Chung , Ye Zhi-Ting
Published: November 2018

To realize high-efficiency AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs), enhancing their light-extraction efficiency (LEE) is crucial. This paper proposes an aluminum-based sidewall reflector structure that could replace the conventional ceramic-based packaging method. We design optimization simulations and experimental results demonstrated the light power output could be enhanced 18.38% of DUV-LEDs packaged with the aluminum-based sidewall.
Optical Detection of Green Emission for Non-Uniformity Film in Flat Panel Displays
Authors: Tzu Fu-Ming , Chou Jung-Hua
Published: November 2018

Among colours, the green colour has the most sensitivity in human vision so that green colour defects on displays can be effortlessly perceived by a photopic eye with the most intensity in the wavelength 555 nm of the spectrum. With the market moving forward to high resolution, displays can have resolutions of 10 million pixels. Therefore, the method of detecting the appearance of the panel using ultra-high resolutions in TFT-LCD is important. The machine vision associated with transmission chromaticity spectrometer that quantises the defects are explored, such as blackening and whitening. The result shows the significant phenomena to recognize the non-uniformity of film-related chromatic variation. In contrast, the quantitative assessment illustrates that the just noticeable difference (JND) of chromaticity CIE xyY at 0.001 is the measuring sensitivity for the chromatic variables (x, y), whereas JND is a perceptible threshold for a colour difference metric. Moreover, an optical device associated with a 198Hg discharge lamp calibrates the spectrometer accuracy.
Peculiarities of Protein Crystal Nucleation and Growth
Authors: Nanev Christo
Published: November 2018

This paper reviews investigations on protein crystallization. It aims to present a comprehensive rather than complete account of recent studies and efforts to elucidate the most intimate mechanisms of protein crystal nucleation. It is emphasized that both physical and biochemical factors are at play during this process. Recently-discovered molecular scale pathways for protein crystal nucleation are considered first. The bond selection during protein crystal lattice formation, which is a typical biochemically-conditioned peculiarity of the crystallization process, is revisited. Novel approaches allow us to quantitatively describe some protein crystallization cases. Additional light is shed on the protein crystal nucleation in pores and crevices by employing the so-called EBDE method (equilibration between crystal bond and destructive energies). Also, protein crystal nucleation in solution flow is considered.
Moving to the Edge-Cloud-of-Things: Recent Advances and Future Research Directions
Authors: Bangui Hind , Rakrak Said , Raghay Said , Buhnova Barbora
Published: November 2018

Cloud computing has significantly enhanced the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) by ensuring and supporting the Quality of Service (QoS) of IoT applications. However, cloud services are still far from IoT devices. Notably, the transmission of IoT data experiences network issues, such as high latency. In this case, the cloud platforms cannot satisfy the IoT applications that require real-time response. Yet, the location of cloud services is one of the challenges encountered in the evolution of the IoT paradigm. Recently, edge cloud computing has been proposed to bring cloud services closer to the IoT end-users, becoming a promising paradigm whose pitfalls and challenges are not yet well understood. This paper aims at presenting the leading-edge computing concerning the movement of services from centralized cloud platforms to decentralized platforms, and examines the issues and challenges introduced by these highly distributed environments, to support engineers and researchers who might benefit from this transition.
Optimal Planning of Dynamic Thermal Management for NANS (N-App N-Screen) Services
Authors: Kwon Ohchul , Jang Wonjae , Kim Giyeon , Lee Chang-Gun
Published: November 2018

Existing multi-screening technologies have been limited to mirroring the current screen of the smartphone onto all the connected external display devices. In contrast, NANS (N-App N-Screen) technology is able to display different applications (N-App) on different multiple display devices (N-Screen) using only a smartphone. For such NANS services, this paper empirically shows that the thermal violation constraint is more critical than the battery life constraint. For preventing the thermal violation, the existing DTM (Dynamic Thermal Management) techniques cannot be used since they consider thermal violations as abnormal, and hence prevent them by severely throttling CPU frequencies resulting in serious QoS degradation. In NANS service scenarios it is normal to operate in high temperature ranges to continue services with acceptable QoS. Targeting such scenarios, we first propose a novel thermal prediction method specially designed for NANS services. Based on the novel thermal prediction method, we then propose a novel DTM technique called, “thermal planning” to provide sustainable NANS services with sufficiently high QoS without thermal violations.
Voltage Balance Control Analysis of Three-Level Boost DC-DC Converters: Theoretical Analysis and DSP-Based Real Time Implementation
Authors: Oulad-Abbou Driss , Doubabi Said , Rachid Ahmed
Published: November 2018

In this paper, a step-by-step description to get a unique three-level boost DC–DC converter (TLBDC) (DC—direct current) small signal model is first presented and validated through simulations and experiments. This model allows for overcoming the usage of two sub-models as in the conventional modeling approach. Based on this model, voltage balance (VB) controllers are designed and VB control analysis is presented. Two VB controllers, namely Proportional Integral (PI) and Fuzzy, were analyzed when the VB control was applied on both TLBDC switches or only one. According to the obtained simulation and experimental results, the proposed model gives an accurate approximation in dynamic, small perturbations around an operating point and steady state modes. Moreover, it has been shown that VB is achieved in a reduced time when VB control is applied on both the TLBDC’s switches. Furthermore, the Fuzzy controller performs better than PI controller for VB control.
Investigating Influential Factors of the Gas Absorption Capacity in Shale Reservoirs Using Integrated Petrophysical, Mineralogical and Geochemical Experiments: A Case Study
Authors: Fan Zhuoying , Hou Jiagen , Ge Xinmin , Zhao Peiqiang , Liu Jianyu
Published: November 2018

Estimating in situ gas content is very important for the effective exploration of shale gas reservoirs. However, it is difficult to choose the sensitive geological and geophysical parameters during the modeling process, since the controlling factors for the abundance of gas volumes are often unknown and hard to determine. Integrated interdisciplinary experiments (involving petrophysical, mineralogical, geochemical and petrological aspects) were conducted to search for the influential factors of the adsorbed gas volume in marine gas shale reservoirs. The results showed that in shale reservoirs with high maturity and high organic content that the adsorbed gas volume increases, with an increase in the contents of organic matter and quartz, but with a decrease in clay volume. The relationship between the adsorbed gas content and the total porosity is unclear, but a strong relationship between the proportions of different pores is observed. In general, the larger the percentage of micropores, the higher the adsorbed gas content. The result is illuminating, since it may help us to choose suitable parameters for the estimation of shale gas content.