bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of basal cells, Clara cells and bronchiolar cuboidal cells in normal human airways
Authors: Nakajima Yichiko , Kawanami Oichi , Jin Enjing , Ghazizadeh Mohammad , Honda Mitsuyoshi , Asano Goro , Horiba Koji , Ferrans Victor J.
Published: December 2008

Immunohlstochemical studies were made of the distribution of various cytokeratins (CK), Clara cell secretory protein (CC10), surfactant proteln A (SP‐A) and type VII collagen in normal human alrways. Electron microscopic studies were made to Identify hemldesmosomes and anchoring fibrils on the basal surfaces of the epithelial cells. CK19 was detected In all epithelial cells, and CK17 in all basal cells. CK14 was coaxpressed in a few basal cells, and this coexpression was decreased in the distal airways. Two types of basal cells were recognized. One type, found mainly In large airways, was characterized by abundant intermediate filaments and well‐developed hemidesmosomes and anchoring fibrils. The second type contained few intermediate filaments and poorly developed hemidesmosomes and anchoring fibrils. Reactivity for type VII collagen was found along the basement membrane throughout the airways, but not in the alveoli. Clara cells were reactive for CC10 and CK17, but not for CK14 and SP‐A. The bronchiolar cuboidal cells in the respiratory bronchloles were positive only for CK19. Surfactant proteln A was present only in type II alveolar eplthellal cells. Thus, two types of basal cells are present in always, and the bronchiolar cuboidal cells appear distinct from these basal cells, Clara cells and type II alveolar epithelial cells.
Primary ovarian angiosarcoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Furihata Mutsuo , Takeuchi Tamotsu , Iwata Jun , Sonobe Hiroshi , Ohtsuki Yuji , Wakatsuki Akihiko , Morioka Nobuyuki , Sagara Yusuke
Published: December 2008

Primary ovarian angiosarcoma is extremely rare. Only 16 cases have histologicaliy been reported to date In the Ilterature. A case of angiosarcoma arising In the right ovary of a 46‐year‐old female is presented. Grossly, the resected right ovary was completely replaced by a solid tumor mass, which revealed multiple necrotic and/or hemorrhagic foci. This case revealed the typical histological features of angiosarcoma with sinusoldal and solid patterns of anaplastic tumor cells. Immunohlstochemically, tumor cells were strongly and diffusely positive for CD31 and CD34, in particular, along the cytoplasmic membrane of the tumor cells. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells possessed the intermediate junctions between tumor cells, discontinuous basal laminae attached to the irregularly shaped blood vessels and occasional cytoplasmic pinocytotlc vesicles. These findings confirmed the case as being one of angiosarcoma of the ovary. The patient died 9 months after surgery as a result of developed multlfocal brain metastases. A total of 17 cases reported as primary ovarian anglosarcoma, including this presented case, are clinicopathologically reviewed.
Primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland
Authors: Nasu Michiyo , Haisa Toshihiko , Kondo Tatsuya , Matsubara Osamu
Published: December 2008

The morphological similarity of salivary and lachrymal gland tumors is known. Many clinicopathological studies and characteristics of salivary duct carcinoma, which bears histological similarlties to mammary duct carcinoma, have been recently reported; however, only one case of lacrimal duct carcinoma is reported. A second case of lacrimal duct carcinoma is presented. A 67‐year‐old male with a painlass mass in the right upper eyelid underwent total removal of the tumor mass. Microscopic examination of the tumor mass revealed ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland, which was the equivalent of salivary duct carcinoma. The Immunohistological studies of the lacriml duct carcinoma showed similar results to those reported for salivary duct carcinoma. The recurrent tumor in the subdural spaces was removed 2 years after the initial surgery and the patient is followed as an outpatient.
Multiple giant angiomyolipomas with a polygonal epithelioid cell component in tuberous sclerosis: An autopsy case report
Authors: Koide Osamu , Matsuzaka Kenichi , Tanaka Yoichi
Published: December 2008

A recent case of angiomyolipoma (AML) with a prominent Component of polygonal epithelioid cells is described. A 27‐yearoid Japanese male with tuberous sclerosis presented with massive abdominal tumors increasing progressively in size. The patient died of respiratory disturbance and the autopsy revealed massive tumors in the bilateral kidneys, liver and lymph nodes, subependymal giant cell glioma of the brain and lymphangiomyomatosis of the lungs. The giant tumors were an unusual type of AML with a component of polygonal epithelioid cells, which showed a hepatocel‐lular carcinoma‐like pattern in some areas. Smooth muscle components comprising spindle cells, short or plump spindle cells and polygonal epithelioid cells frequently exhibited positive staining for HMB‐45 but negative staining for epithelial cell markers. The unusual AML presented in this case was thought to be of low‐grade malignancy and slow growing. it has been suggested that angiomyollpomas with diffuse areas of epithelioid cell component are potentially malignant. Immunostalnings positive for HMB‐45 but negative for epithelial cell markers are considered to be useful in differentiating AML with polygonal epithelioid cell component from other tumors, especially from renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Expression of KAI1 in paraffin‐embedded normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic prostate and prostate carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Ward Jerrold M. , Konishi Noboru , Ohshima Masato , Lamb Patricia W. , Jorcyk Cheryl L. , Barrett J. Carl
Published: December 2008

Expression of KAI1, a tumor metastasis suppressor gene, was studied with different fixatives in frozen and paraffin‐embedded sections of human and rat prostate carcinoma cell lines and human prostate lesions by Immunohisto‐chemistry. Immunoreactivity of the membrane antigen in cell lines was associated with known expression levels in these lines and the fixative used. Formalin and paraformaldehyde helped maintain the immunoreactivity of cells. In human prostate, frozen sections revealed diffuse reactivity of the antigen in normal and neoplastic tissues while paraffin‐embedded tissues usually showed focal reactivity, although more than 50% of cases with normal epithelium and adenocarcinomas were reactive. In some cases, pretreatment with trypsln enhanced immunoreactivity. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) showed the most intense diffuse immunoreactivity, which suggested enhanced expression. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) also often expressed high levels of KAI1. Three of five metastases were reactive but two primaries and their metastases were not. Lymphocytes in primary carcinomas and lymphocytes and germinal center cells in lymph nodes were immunoreactive, while adjacent primary or metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma epithelium was not immunoreactive. Although paraffin‐embedded human tissues were not optimal for determining levels of expression of KAI1, they did show immunoreactivity that could have prognostic value and showed the specific cytoplasmlc localization of the protein in cells.
Cytofluorometric DNA analysis by stathmokinetic method of experimental thyroid neoplasms in rats
Authors: Imanaka Masashi , Yamamoto Yuzo , Okatoh Fumiyuki , Itoh Takashi , Takahashi Hiroaki
Published: December 2008

Thyroid neoplasms were Induced In rats by the intraperitoneal Injection of N‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐propyl)nltrosamlne as a carcinogenic substance and by the oral administration of KCIO4 as a promoter. The nuclear DNA content was measured in tissue sections of the tumors by the stathmokinetic method with the use of vincristine, and was correlated with the hlstopathological findings In the process of tumorigenesls and progression. Hlstological examination showed various types of lesions were produced In 47 surviving rats. A diplold pattern was seen In 82 (92%) of 89 tumors and an aneuplold pattern in 7 (8%) of 89 tumors. Papillary carcinomas and mixed carcinomas only had a dlploid pattern, while two of 17 follicular carcinomas and five of 13 anaplastic carcinomas had an aneuploid pattern. On the other hand, benign proliferative nodules only had a dlploid pattern. DNA heterogeneity was noted in seven malignant tumors. In four of them it was associated with the histo‐pathological evidence of change, but in three there was no histologlcal difference between the aneuplofd and diploid areas other than a difference in the mitotic index. Mitotic indices were significantly higher in the aneuploid than in the diploid areas. These findings suggest that changes in the DNA ploidy cause histologlcal abnormalities and/or affect the mitotic index, ft is hypothesized that a change occurs in some diploid ceils in a region of a tumor, and that aneuploid cells develop from the diploid cells which then acquire high proliferatlve activity.
Genetic alterations in a patient with Turcot's syndrome
Authors: Suzui Masumi , Yoshimi Naoki , Hara Akira , Morishita Yukio , Tanaka Takuji , Mori Hideki
Published: December 2008

Turcot's syndrome (TS) Is a rare disorder associated with the development of both brain and colon neoplasms. Because of the very low incidence of the disease, its molecular basis remains unclear. Presented is a TS case of a 30‐year‐old Japanese male with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of both brain tumor (glioblastoma multiforme) and colon tumor (well‐differentiated adenocar‐clnoma). Germline mutations of the p53 gene, somatic mutations of the Ki‐ras, p53and APC genes, and microsatel‐lite Instability (MSI) was examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐slngle strand conformation polymorphism analysis, followed by PCR‐dlrect sequencing, and sequencing after subclonlng. No germline mutations of the p53 gene were found. Somatic mutations of Kl‐ras and APC genes were found in the colon adenocarcinoma but not in the brain tumor. No somatic mutation of the pS3 gene was present in either colon or brain tumors. Microsatellite Instability of both colon and brain tumors was positive in two of four loci. These results indicate that the colon tumor of the TS patient carries the Kl‐ras and APC gene mutations. The finding of MSI in both the brain and the colon tumors may support the hypothesis that alterations of DNA repair genes are involved in the tumor development of the TS patient.
Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with adrenal insufficiency and hypothyroidism: An autopsy case report
Authors: Nasu Mlchlyo , Aruga Moriyo , Itami Jun , Fujimoto Hajime , Matsubara Osamu
Published: December 2008

A 55‐year‐old male presented with an Initial manifestation of primary adrenal Insufficlency, hypothyroidism. Computed tomography scans showed enlarged bilateral adrenal glands and thyroid. A pathological diagnosis of diffuse large cell, B cell lymphoma was made by a needle biopsy of the adrenal gland. He was treated with combination chemotherapy and adrenal and thyroid hormone replacement. The lymphoma subsequently involved the central nervous system. He died of pneumonia 8 months after the presentation of the first symptom. The postmortem examination demonstrated a complete regression of lymphoma in the bilateral adrenal glands and thyroid. This Is an extremely rare case of coexistent lymphoma of the adrenal glands and the thyroid presenting with adrenal failure and hypothyroidism.
Oligodendroglioma with signet‐ring ceil morphology: A case report with an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study
Authors: Mlkaml Yoshikl , Shirabe Teruo , Hate Sakae , Watanabe Akira
Published: December 2008

A case of oligodendroglioma with signet‐ring cell (SRC) morphology arising in the right thalamic region in a 12‐year‐old boy Is described. Histopathologlcally, the tumor was a composite neoplasm consisting of typical oligodendroglioma and anaplastlc components with aggregates of SRC. Immunohlstochemlcally the SRC were negative for glial flbrlllary acidic protein (GFAP) but surrounded by GFAP‐posltlve anaplastlc cells with high‐grade nuclear features. Typical ollgodendrogllomatous components were negative for GFAP. The Ki‐67 labeling index evaluated with MIB‐1 antibody was 1.3% in the SRC component, 9.2% in the GFAP‐posltlve anaplastlc cell component, and 0.8% in the typical ollgodendrogllomatous component. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasm of the SRC was filled with Irregularly and widely dilated clsternae of rough endoplasmic retlculum containing granular material. Intermediate filaments and a small number of other organelles were distributed in the pertnuctear and peripheral areas. Both the SRC and anaplastlc cells had slender cytoplasmic processes, although those of the SRC were short and few in number. These findings are distinct from those of SRC hitherto described in oligodendrogliomas to date, and suggest that there is a morphological heterogeneity in SRC rarely seen in oligodendrogliomas and that some examples of SRC are related to the anaplastic cells with astrocytic features in their origin.
Ossifying renal tumor of infancy: The first Japanese case with long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Shinohara Nobuo , Koyanagi Tomohiko , Hanioka Keisuke
Published: December 2008

Jishu Ito1,5

Presented is the first Japanese case of ossifying renal tumor of infancy (ORTI), which is an extremely rare tumor and of which only nine cases have been reported in the literature. The patient was a four‐month‐old Japanese boy presenting as hematuria. A small nodular tumor (∼1 cm in size) protruded Into the right pelvis from the superior caliceal region. Histologically the tumor originated from the tip of one medullary papilla and consisted of small rounded cells with a dense arrangement and several foci of minimally calcified osteoid lesions, including fewer but larger cells. Transition from the small to larger cells was suggested. The small cell only expressed vimentin, but the larger coexpressed vimentin, desmin, and epithelial membrane antigen. These findings suggested that the small cells differentiated to the larger cells with an epithelial nature associated somehow with osteoid formation. Embryonal metaplasia was assumed to occur In the collecting ducts entrapped by the tumor. The patient has been well without recurrence for more than 23 years. This is the longest survival period compared with other reported cases and confirms the benign nature of ORTI. It is absolutely crucial to make an accurate diagnosis of ORTI to avoid unnecessary treatment.
Endovascular papillary angioendothelioma (Dabska tumor) in an elderly woman
Authors: Yamada Akihiko , Uematsu Kunio , Yasoshima Hitoshi , Sakurai Kazunari , Hori Kazutoshi , Ohya Munehlko , Ohkubo Eriko , Ogasawara Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

A patient with endovascular papillary angioendothelioma with a low grade of malignancy showing papillary proliferation of endothellold cells Is presented. The patient, an 83‐year‐old woman, underwent resection of a tumor of the neck. At operation a 9×7 cm cystic tumor containing yellow transparent liquid with clots was found In the subcutaneous tissue. Histological studies showed endotheliold cells with spindle‐shaped nuclei proliferated in layers around the fibrovascular cores, which showed the characteristic appearance of papillary proliferation. These cells were Immunohlstochemlcally positive for CD31, CD34 and factor VIII‐related antigen. Based on these observations, the tumor was considered to be an endovascular papillary angioendothelioma (Dabska tumor). Dabska tumor Is a vascular tumor with a low grade of malignancy and usually occurs in infants and young children. About 13 cases of Dabska tumor have been reported. The occurrence of a Dabska tumor In an aged patient is considered to be rare.
Expression of carbohydrate antigens, p80NPM/ALK, cytotoxic cell‐associated antigens, and Epstein‐Barr virus gene products in anaplastic large cell lymphomas
Authors: Kasai Kiyoshi , Kon Shinichiro , Kikuchi Kokichi , Sato Yuichi , Kameya Toru
Published: December 2008

The expression of carbohydrate antigens, including sialyl Lewis X (SLEX) and BNH9 antigen, the nucleophosmin (NPM)‐anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion protein (p80NPM/ALK), cytotoxic cell‐associated antigens, and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) gene products in CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) was investigated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH) methods. The expression of SLEX and BNH9 antigen in ALCL was examined using CSLEX1 and BNH9, which specifically react with SLEX and oligosaccharides (H and Y haptens), respectively. SLEX was expressed in seven of 12 ALCL and BNH9 was positive for five of 12 ALCL. With respect to the relationship between SLEX and BNH9 expression in ALCL, some ALCL expressed both antigens, which suggests that they might have an increased or preserved activity of glycosyltransferase that is responsible for the synthesis of the type I or type II core sequences, although other ALCL expressed either SLEX or BNH9. To detect p80NPM/ALK in ALCL, the sections were immunostained with an anti‐p80 antibody. Three of 12 ALCL expressed the NPM/ALK‐encoded p80 protein. All three ALCL positive for p80NPM/ALK expressed SLEX and two of them were stained with BNH9, which raised the possibility that p80 over‐expression may be involved in the aberrant expression of type I or type II chains with varying degrees of fucosylation or sialylation. While the expression of cytotoxic cell‐associated antigens such as CD8, CD56 and T cell intercellular antigen 1 (TIA‐1) in ALCL was Immunohistochemlcally examined, none of the 12 ALCL expressed CD56 and only one case expressed CD8. TIA‐1 was expressed in seven of 12 ALCL. Four of five BNH9‐ positive cases expressed TIA‐1, suggesting that BNH9‐positive cases tended to have TIA‐1. In situ hybridization studies using an EBV‐encoded RNA‐1 (EBER‐1) probe were performed on 12 ALCL to detect EBV in the lymphoma cells. EBER‐1 signals were detected in the small lymphocytes but not in the lymphoma cells of two ALCL. However, latent membrane protein 1 immunoreactivlty was found In one case. These results appear to indicate that there is no strong association between EBV and ALCL.
How thick are the paraffin‐embedded tissue sections routinely prepared in laboratory? A morphometric study using a confocal laser scanning microscope
Authors: Masuda Tomoyuki , Kawaguchi Junzo , Oikawa Hiroki , Yashima Akiko , Suzuiki Kazuyuki , Sato Shun‐ichi , Satodate Ryoichl
Published: December 2008

In order to evaluate the differences between cut and measured thicknesses of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections, formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded blocks of liver tissue were prepared from four male Wlstar rats. The sections were cut at preselected thicknesses of 3, 6, 9,12, 15 and 18 μm, and observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy. The maximum and minimum section thicknesses were measured using a vertically cut section image constructed by the software incorporated in the microscope. The surface of the section was not smooth but showed fine undulations In addition to a slight inclination. The mean and range of the section thicknesses measured were 4.3 ± 1.3, 7.0 ± 1.7, 9.8 ± 2.1, 12.0 ± 2.6, 14.1 ± 3.0, and 17.7 ± 3.8 μm for the preselected cut thicknesses of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 μm. It is stressed that the evaluated parameters of the section (volume or surface densities) include standard errors of up to 10% caused by the differences between the cut and real thicknesses.
Time‐specific action of N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea in the occurrence of retinal dysplasia and retinal degeneration in neonatal mice
Authors: Nambu Hiroyuki , Taomoto Makoto , Ogura Eliko , Tsubura Airo
Published: December 2008

The morphologic response of neonatal mouse retina to the alkylating agent N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU) was examined at different periods of retinal development. A dose of 60 mg/kg N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea was injected intraperitoneally to neonatal C57BL mice at 0, 3, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 20 days of age and to C3H mice at 0 days of age, and the retinas were examined sequentially. In the C67BL mice, MNU evoked a time‐dependent occurrence of retinal dysplasia and retinal degeneration. With MNU treatment at day 0 and day 3 (the stage of retinal cell proliferation), retinal dysplasia characterized by the progressive disorganization of neuroblasts, which led to the formation of rosettes, was found in the outer neuroblastic/nuclear layer above the normal pigment epithelial cells during days 8–20, but decreased at day 50. The rosettes were surrounded by photoreceptor segments and Muller cell processes, and by photoreceptor nuclei. The MNU response was related to retinal differentiation; following MNU treatment at day 5 or 8 (the stage of retinal cell differentiation) the cells were much less sensitive (i.e. no retinal response was found). However, with MNU treatment at days 11, 14, 17, and 20 (after cellular differentiation), retinal degeneration characterized by selective photoreceptor apoptosis was seen. These results suggest that there is a critical period for the time of MNU administration in the development of mouse retinal lesions. In C3H (rd/rd) mice, MNU treatment at day 0 resulted in retinal degeneration with only slight rosette formation at the peripheral retina.
Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma with massive involvement of cardiac muscle and valves
Authors: Furihata Mutsuo , Ido Eiji , Iwata Jun , Sonobe Hiroshi , Ohtsuki Yuji , Takata Jun , Chikamori Taishiro , Doi Yoshinori
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 58‐year‐old woman with massive cardiac Involvement of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is reported. She developed cardiac failure due to aortic and mitral regurgitation with cardiac infiltration of ATLL cells, and underwent replacement of both aortic and mitral valves. Studies of the cut‐surfaces revealed diffuse thickening of the subendocardial wall of the left chamber with widespread whitish‐brown tumor infiltrates. In the regions surrounding the replaced aortic and mitral valves there was also massive tumor cell infiltration. The tumor cells infiltrating the cardiac muscle wall were T cell in origin and exhibited Leu‐3a (CD4)‐positive immunoreaction. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells contained markedly indented nuclei and some were attached directly to the muscle cells. These findings suggest that this was an unusual form of ATLL with widespread involvement of the heart.
Primary hepatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Fujita Shiro , Lauwers Gregory Y.
Published: December 2008

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a common sarcoma of adulthood, frequently arising in the extremities, but also in the abdomen and the retroperitoneum. Primary MFH of the liver, however, remains extremely rare and is one of the least diagnosed primary hepatic sarcoma. Another case of primary MFH of the liver is reported. The patient presented with a 12 cm mass involving the right and left lobes of the liver. The histopathologic examination revealed a typical MFH swirling (storiform) pattern composed of atypical spindle and giant cells. The radiologic, histologic, and clinical behavior of this rare neoplasm are reviewed.
Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis: A report of two unrelated adult sibling cases and a literature review
Authors: Senzaki Hideto , Kiyozuka Yasuhiko , Uemura Yoshiko , Shikata Nobuaki , Ueda Satoshi , Tsubura Airo
Published: December 2008

Two unrelated adult sibling cases (36‐ and 32‐year‐old females) of Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis are presented. The parents of one of these patients were non‐consanguineous but natives of a small Island, and one elder sister among four siblings was affected with the same disease. The parents of the other patient were consanguineous, and one other sibling suffered from the identical disease. Both patients presented with multiple subcutaneous nodules, which they had had since infancy, and had undergone numerous surgical excisions. Light microscopy examination of skin lesions from both patients showed identical histology; an abundance of a homogenous, amorphous, eosinophlllc extracellular matrix in which spindle‐shaped cells were embedded. Electron microscopically, the spindle‐shaped cells had hypertrophic Golgi apparatus and dilated, rough endoplasmlc reticulum. Fine flbrillar and granular material‐filled structures, the contents of which were occasionally released into the extracellular matrix, were also seen, immunohistochemically, the spindle‐shaped cells were vlmentin‐positive but negative for α‐smooth muscle actln and S‐100 protein, and the hyaline ground substance was positive for type I and type III collagen but negative for type II and type IV collagen and tenascin. Matrix metalloprotelnase‐1, ‐2, and ‐9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TlMP)‐2 was positive but TIMP‐1 was negative. A review of 39 cases of juvenile hyaline fibromatosis In the literature is also presented. In summary, skin lesions may be the most outstanding symptoms of juvenile hyaline fibromatosis, but joint contracture and gingival hypertrophy precede the skin manifestation.
Small cell carcinoma of the gall‐bladder with intestinal metaplastic epithelium
Authors: KUWABARA HIROKO , UDA HIROTSUGU
Published: December 2008

A case of small cell carcinoma of the gall‐bladder Is described. lmmunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for chromogranin A, synaptophysin and neuronspecific enolase, which suggests that they derived from neuroendocrine cells. The overlying and surroundlng epithelium of the tumor showed intestinal metaplasia including goblet cells, pseudopyloric glands, Paneth's cells, and chromogranin A and synaptophysin‐positive endocrine cells. Definite adenocarcinoma was absent. The endocrine cells in the epithellum were more numerous In the vicinity of the tumor. The present case supports the supposition that endocrine cell tumor (including small cell carcinoma) of the gall‐bladder may develop from endocrine cells of the intestinal metaplastic lesion.
An immunohistochemical study of amyloid P component, apolipoprotein E and ubiquitin in human and murine amyloidoses
Authors: Cul Dan , Hoshll Yoshinobu , Takahashl Mutsuo , Kawano Hiroo , Iwata Takako , Ishihara Tokuhiro
Published: December 2008

Amyloid P component (AP) and apolipoprotein E (Apo E), which are known to be minor constituents of amyloid deposits, commonly are associated with almost all types of amyloid deposits. In this study, the distribution of AP‐, Apo E‐ and ubiquitin (Ub)‐lmmunoreactlvlty (IR) In amyloid deposits In the liver and spleen of human systemic amyloldosls (34 autopsy cases: 17 Immunoglobulln light chain derived, 17 amyloid A protein derived) and experimental murine amyloldosls is examined using an immunohistochemical technique. In human cases, all of the amyloid deposits examined showed colocallzation of AP‐ and Apo E‐IR with Individual amyloid proteins. In experimental amyloldosls, AP‐IR of amyloid deposits in the liver and spleen and Apo E‐IR in the liver were seen uniformly throughout this experiment. In contrast, Apo E‐IR In the spleen was not uniform at the phase of amyloid deposition. At 4 weeks and at 16 weeks after casein injection, Apo E‐IR was unevenly distributed in amyloid deposits in the perifollicular area; however, from 6 to 12 weeks it was seen to be uniform. Ublqultin‐IR of amyloid deposits in human cases was seen In 22 of 34 livers and in 22 of 33 spleens. In experimental amyloldosls, Ub‐IR of amyloid deposits was demonstrated In the space of Disse In all mice examined, and there appeared to be a gradual Increase in intensity with the amount of amyloid deposition. However, in the spleen, amyloid deposits did not react with anti‐Ub antibody In any phase of amyloid Induction. These results suggest that Apo E and Ub are not always associated with the process of amyloid deposition and may appear in a deposit after the deposition.
Pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary gland with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the overlying oral mucosa: Report of two cases
Authors: Takeda Yasunori , Sasou Shunichi , Obata Kazuo
Published: December 2008

Two cases of intra‐oral pleomorphic adenoma with marked pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the overlying oral mucosa are reported. Incisional biopsy specimens, taken a few weeks before surgical excision of the tumor, showed no squamous cell element. Surgically excised specimens revealed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia with hyperortho‐ and para‐keratinization, which extended from overlying oral squamous epithelium, where an incisional biopsy was performed Into the deep tumor area. Approximately half of the tumor area in case 1 and one‐third In case 2 were occupied by hyperplastic squamous epithelium of the oral mucosa. Although the induction mechanism of such prominent pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the overlying oral mucosa occupying more than one‐third of the tumor area could not be understood, it is thought that surgical injury and/or focal anesthesia during the incisional biopsy played an important role. To the best of our knowledge, these two cases represent the first reported association between benign salivary gland tumor and marked pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the overlying oral mucosa.
Renal small cell carcinoma (neuroendocrine carcinoma) without features of transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Masuda Tomoyuki , Oikawa Hiroki , Yashima Akiko , Sugimura Jun , Okamoto Tomoshi , Fujioka Tomoaki
Published: December 2008

Seventeen cases of renal small cell carcinoma have been reported in the literature. Approximately half of the reported cases show combined features of transitional cell carcinoma. Presented herein is a case of renal small cell carcinoma In a 37‐year‐old Japanese male who had been treated for 10 years with famotidine for duodenal ulcer. He suffered from sudden‐onset chest pain at presentation and myxoma of the right atrium was suspected. He was treated by atrlotomy and a tumor was removed from the right atrium and pulmonary artery. Histological examination, however, revealed It to be small cell carcinoma. Accordingly, a radical operation was performed for the removal of a tumor found in the right kidney. Histological examination of the tumor confirmed the presence of renal small cell carcinoma without any features of transitional cell carcinoma. It is reported that long‐term administration of an histamine 2 (H2) receptor antagonist may produce carcinold tumors in rodents and enterochromaffin‐like cell hyperplasia In humans. The possible relationship between neuroendocrine carcinoma and H2 receptor antagonist therapy is discussed.
Extensive intraductal component (EIC) and estrogen receptor (ER) status in breast cancer
Authors: JING XUEFENG , KAKUDO KENNICHI , MURAKAMI MAKI , NAKAMURA YASUSHI , NAKAMURA MISA , YOKOI TOYOHARU , OURS SHOJI , SAKURAI TAKEO
Published: December 2008

The extensive intraductal component (EIC) of primary breast carcinoma is a special spread pattern observed In the breast. Extensive intradwtal component may extend diffusely over the entim breast. Therefore, EIC Is considered to be an important risk factor for local recurrence in breast‐conserving therapy. However, the pathogenesis of EIC remains uncertain. Whether or not the estrogen receptor (ER) has an influence on its biologic behavior has not been fully studied. A consecutive series of 142 breast carcinomas submitted to the pathology department were examined on step gross dons of 5.0 mm thick. Extensive intraductal component was determined and divided into three types. Estrogen receptor was examined using both immunohistochemistry (ER‐IHC) and enzyme immunoassay (ER‐EIA). Extensive intraductal component was found In 78 of 138 (56.52%) invaslve carcinomas including invasive ductal carcinoma with a predominant intraductal component. Estrogen receptor‐IHC positivity was 42.96% (61/142) in the Invasive breast carcinoma. Estrogen receptor positivity showed no significant difference between ElC‐positive and ‐negative cases, as well as between EIC and Invasive main tumor in the ElC‐positive cases. But within the ElC‐positive group, ER positivity was found to be higher in the peripheral type of ElC‐II and ElC‐III than in the central type of ElC‐I (P<0.05). Although ER may not play an essential role in the pathogenesis of EIC, it has shown some significance in the development of peripheral type EIC because of its higher presence in the peripheral type of EIC‐II and EIC‐III than in the central type of EIC‐I.
Low levels of apoptosis and proliferative activity in colorectal villous tumors: Comparison with tubular tumors
Authors: IKENAGA MAKOTO , TAKANO YASUO , OHTANI YOSHIMASA , TSUKAMOTO HIDETO , HIKI YOSHIKI , KAKITA AKIRA , OKAYASU LSAO
Published: December 2008

In order to clarlfy the cell kinetics of colorectal villous tumors (VT), 21 villous adenomatous areas and 12 carcinomatous areas within villous adenomas were investigated for proliferative activity and apoptosis and compared with a series of 41 tubular tumors (TT), demonstrating elements of intramucosal carcinomas as well as tubular adenomas (so‐called carcinoma in tubular adenoma). Proliferation was estimated in terms of KI‐67 labeling indices and mitotic indices, and apoptosis was assessed by DNA nick‐end labeling to give apoptotic Indices. Apoptotic indices of villous adenomatous and carcinomatous regions were significantly lower than the values for their tubular counterparts. Kl‐67 labeling indices were also significantly lower for adenoma components. Apoptotic indices, Ki‐67 labeling indices and mitotic Indices increased with atypia raised in tubular adenoma components. Correlations of mitotic indices with apoptotic indices, Ki‐67 labeling Indices with apoptotic indices and mitotic Indices with Ki‐67 labeling indices were found for each villous tumor group and tubular tumor group, and the apoptosis and proliferation ratios for villous tumors were relatively low, suggesting a tendency for greater growth due to less cell deletion. Although this is only one of the biological features of villous tumor groups, it might play a major role in generation of malignancy.
Proliferative fasciitis of the forearm: Case report with immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and DNA ploidy studies and a review of the literature
Authors: SASANO HIRONOBU , YAMAKI HIDEO , OHASHI YUSUKE , OHTSUKI SYUICHI , NAGURA HIROSHI
Published: December 2008

A case of prollferative fasclitis arising In the left forearm of a 56‐year‐old man was examined. The lesion was preceded by blunt trauma, measured 1.5 times 1.3 times 1.0 cm, was poorly circumscribed and appeared white to light gray on the cut surface. Light microscopic examinations revealed that spindle cells and giant cells with one or two nuclei and abundant basophllic cytoplasm ware arranged without any organized patterns In collagenous stroma. Ultrastructurally, well‐developed rough endoplasmic reticulum separated by varying amounts of fine to course fibrillar materials was detected in the giant cells. Only vimentin lmmunoreactivity was detected In both spindle and gtant cells. The Ki‐67 labeling Index of spindle cells was 35% but that of giant cells was less than 5%, and this reflects the quiescent or slow‐growing features of these giant cells in proliferative fasclitis. DNA content of the calls, which was examined by Image cytometry, demonstrated diploidy In both spindle (DNA Index = 1.01) and glant (DNA Index = 1.09) calls.
Long‐term observation of glomerulonephritis induced by multiple injections with anti‐Thy‐1 antibody in rats
Authors: Yagi Mikio , Yamamoto Tadashi , Kato Shinichiro , Nagano Nobuo , Kihara Itaru
Published: December 2008

Multiple Injections with a mouse monoclonal anti‐rat Thy‐1 antibody (five times, at weekly intervals) induced marked glomerular sclerotic lesions which are characterized by adhesion of glomerular capillaries to Bowman's capsule and persistent proteinuria in rats. Abnormal production of type I collagen and increased accumulation of type IV collagen and flbronectln were observed in these glomeruli. The glomerular expression of mRNA for these matrix components and transforming growth factor‐pi (TGF‐β1) were markedly increased at 4 days after the last injections with anti‐Thy‐1 antibody, but decreased to below the levels of control rats at 5 weeks. This may be down‐regulation of mRNA In mesangial cells. The glomerular sclerotic lesions were not progressive but the process of glomerular healing seemed to be retarded. The proteinuria and the glomerular adhesion were irreversible.
Activation of peripheral blood monocytes and macrophages in Kawasaki disease: Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical investigation
Authors: Koga Mayumi , Ishihara Tokuhiro , Takahashi Mutsuo , Umezawa Yoshimi , Furukawa Susumu
Published: December 2008

Monocytes/macrophages are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD). However, the morphological and Immunocytochemical features of the cells in acute KD have not been investigated. The ultrastructural and Immunocytochemical characteristics of peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes/macrophages sorted by a magnetic cell sorter (MACS) during the course of KD were, therefore, studied to evaluate their role in the disease pathogenesis. Electron microscopy showed that CD14+ monocytes/macrophages from patients with acute KD had nuclei with complex shapes, apparent nucleoli and abundant intracytoplasmlc granules, some of which were positive for acid phosphatase. The quantity of intracy‐toplasmic granules was correlated with disease severity, in terms of the duration of fever, maximum level of C‐reactive protein and the presence of coronary artery lesions (CAL), suggesting that the monocytes/macrophages were activated and showed increased phagocytosis. Immunocytochemical staining of smears made from cell suspensions of sorted CD14+ monocytes/macrophages was carried out using a monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. The cytoplasm of monocytes/macrophages from patients with acute KD was strongly positive in comparison to that of cells from control subjects, suggesting that intracytoplasmic granules secrete TNF‐α.
An autopsy case of ancient sarcoidosis associated with severe fibrosis in the liver and heart
Authors: Kitamura Yukisato , Motoi Makoto , Terada Tadashi
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of ancient sarcoidosis with severe fibrosis In the liver and heart was reported. The patient was a 61‐year‐old female when she died, 12 years after the onset of sarcoidosis. Cervical lymph node biopsy at 49 years demonstrated non‐necrotizlng sarcoid granuloma, and laboratory data were compatible with sarcoidosis. Liver and heart failure were observed clinically, and because of heart failure a pacemaker was Implanted. She died of septic shock at 61 years. At autopsy, the liver demonstrated clrrhotic severe fibrosis, cholestasls, and acute cholangltis without mechanical bile duct obstruction. In the heart, severe fibrosis was observed, and infectious focl of Candida infection were observed on the cardiac valves. Although both liver and heart did not show typical sarcoid granuloma, fibrosis was thought to be due to sarcoidosis because no other causes of liver and heart fibrosis were Identified clinically or pathologically. There were systemic foci of Candida infection, and she died of sepsis due to Candida Infection. It was speculated that immunologlcal Impairment Induced Candida infection. This case seems to be a rare and important case of ancient sarcoidosis.
Primary localized amyloid tumor of the breast with osseous metaplasia
Authors: Yokoo Hideaki , Nakazato Yoichi
Published: December 2008

A case of primary localized amyloid tumor of the breast is described. It Is an extremely rare condition and has not been seen in literature in Japan. A 76‐year‐old woman visited a hospital because of a painless, hard mass of the right breast. A relatively well demarcated, calcified mass was excised under clinical diagnosis of fibroadenoma. Histologically, massive eoslnophilic amorphous material was deposited in breast stroma. It was stained red‐orange by Congo red and displayed apple‐green birefringence under polarized light. The staining persisted after incubation with KMnO4 and immunolabeling by immunoglobulin x‐light chain antlserum, consistent with the amyloid of AL (Ax) type. Osseous metaplasia with bone marrow cavity, foreign body type giant cells in response to amyloid, and scattered plasma cell infiltration were also recognized. Osseous metaplasia in the breast amyloid tumor has been reported in only one case before. To date, the patient has not developed any clinical or laboratory evidence of systemic amyloidosis or multiple myeloma.
Uterine bizarre lipoleiomyoma
Authors: Fukunaga Masaharu , Ushigome Shinichiro
Published: December 2008

A case of uterine bizarre lipoleiomyoma occurring in a 58‐year‐old woman is described. A subserosal 8.5 cm mass in the posterior wall of the body had a lipoma‐llke appearance with strands of fibrous tissue. Histologlcally, the tumor predominantly consisted of adipocytes which varied in size and shape. Some cells had the appearance of signet ring cells, some had hyperchromatlc nuclei, and multivacuo‐lated lipoblasts with hyperchromatlc nuclei were observed throughout the lesion. The fibrous areas showed a proliferation of smooth muscle cells with and without atypical nuclei. There was no mltotlc figure. Row cytometric analysis Indicated aneuploldy. The patient was well without disease 10 months after hysterectomy. Patients with this type of tumor need a close and long‐term follow‐up because of the paucity of clinical information.
Localization of identified advanced glycation end‐product structures, Nε=(carboxymethyl)lysine and pentosidine, in age‐related inclusions in human brains
Authors: Kimura Takemi , Takamatsu Junichi , Miyata Toshio , Miyakawa Taihei , Horiuchi Seikoh
Published: December 2008

The recent identification of age‐related accumulation of advanced glycation end‐products (AGE) of the Maillard reaction In neurons and vessels of the human brain suggests the involvement of AGE in the aging process. A variety of inclusions such as lipofuscin granules, corpora amylacea, Hirano bodies, granulovacuolar degenerations and ubiquitin‐positive granular structures are found in the aged human brain. These age‐related Inclusions contain insoluble and non‐degradable proteins. Advanced glycation end‐product‐modified proteins are also known to be insoluble and protease resistant. The similarlty between proteins in such inclusions and AGE‐modified proteins suggests the presence of AGE in inclusions. To investigate this possiblllty, the presence of two known AGE structures, N‐(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and pentosidine, was exarnined in age‐related inclusions. immunohistochemical examination of the medial temporal area of brain tissues obtained at autopsy from seven nondemented elderly individuals demonstrated positive reactions in lipofuscin granules and corpora amylacea but not in other inclusions for anti‐CML and anti‐pentosldine antibodies. As CML and pentosidine are glycoxidation products among AGE, the results suggest that glycation andor Oxidation may be involved In the formation of lipofuscin granules and corpora amylacea.
Immunohistochemical overexpression of p16 protein associated with intact retinoblastoma protein expression in cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Sano Takaaki , Oyama Tetsunarl , Kashiwabara Kenji , Fukuda Toshio , Nakajima Takashi
Published: December 2008

Both p16 and retinoblastoma (Rb) proteins are important tumor supprsssors that regulate the cell cycle. The status of both proteins In lnvasive cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelias neopiasis (CIN) has not yet been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of p16 and Rb proteins by immunohlstochemistry using 98 formalln‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded samples of various cervical neoplastic lesions. Strong immunoreactiyity for the p16 protein was observed in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of all CIN and lnvasive cancer cases except several low‐grade CIN lesions. Expression of Rb protein was also demonatrated In the scattered nuclel of neoplastic and normal cells in all cases Investigated. The results suggest that the deletion or mutational inactivity of both p16 and Rb proteins may be a rare event In cervical carcinogenesls. Moreover, overexpression of the p16 protein may be a useful dlagnostic marker for cervical neoplastic lesions on routine laboratory screening.
Cystic renal cell carcinoma: Arose as a simple cyst, recurred repeatedly as a multicystic mass and finally presented as a solid mass
Authors: Shishikura Yuri , Furusato Masakuni , Aizawa Shigeo
Published: December 2008

An unusual case of cystic renal cell carcinoma in a 70‐year‐old Japanese male is reported. He had had a simple renal cyst removed 1 year ago. On presentation the right kidney was surrounded by multiple translucent cysts, which varied in size from 1 to 50 mm. The cyst walls were lined by slngle‐layered cuboidal epithelium. The differential diagnosis included cystic mesothelioma, cystic lymphangioma and multlcystic dysplastic kidney. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study and flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploldy were performed. The tumor was dlfferentiated to such an extent that it was difficult to diagnose as carcinoma; however, it recurred repeatedly. Three and a half years after initial presentation the tumor had invaded the ileum with the pathological change to be almost solid when viewed grossly and, microscopically, showed tubulo‐papillary structures in addltlon to a cystic pattern. The DNA ploidy pattern revealed a near‐diploid aneuplold in the early specimen and a polyploid aneuploid in the last specimen.
A case of double primary adenocarcinoma of the lung with multiple atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
Authors: Anami Yoichi , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Yamada Tesshi , Takeuchi Tomoyo , Nakayama Haruhiko , Hirohashi Setsuo , Noguchi Masayuki
Published: December 2008

A case of double primary adenocarclnoma of the lung with multiple atypical adenomatous hyperplasla (AAH) In a 77‐year‐old woman Is reported. Hlstopathologlcally, in the resected left upper lobe of the lung, both cancers were diagnosed as well‐differentlated papillary adenocarcinoma, and 161 lesions of AAH were also found. Both the cancer lesions and six AAH (greater than 3 mm In diameter) were examined wlth regard to immunoreactivity of carcinoem‐bryonlc antigen (CEA) and p53 gene product, microsatellite lnstabllity (MI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 9q and 17q by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although both cancers expressed CEA, they did not show clonal lmmunoreactivity for the p53 gene product. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia expressed CEA weakly and showed no immunoreactlvity for p53 gene protein. Both carcinomas showed LOH on chromosome 17q, and one of them showed LOH on chromosome 9q. In six AAH, LOH on chromosome 17q was detected In two tumors, and one of them also showed LOH on chromosome 9q. One AAH, which was negative for LOH on chromosome 17q and 9q, showed Mi at D17S791. These results indicated that AAH is a clonal neoplastic lesion with genetic abnormalities and should be called intraepithelial pneumocyte neoplasia, and that each of the numerous papillary lesions in this case was considered to be an Independent lesion.