bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Gender on Adjustment Level of Dire Dawa University Lecturers
Authors: Jibril Mustefa
Published: August 2021

The present investigation is to find out the Adjustment of Dire Dawa University Lecturers concerning their gender. The sample consisted of 120 lecturers out of which 60 were male and 60 were female. For this purpose of investigation, the Teachers Adjustment Inventory was used. The obtained data were analyzed through the "t" test to know the mean difference between the lecturers concerning their gender. The result shows that there is no significant difference in University, Teaching, and Overload course adjustment of male and female Dire Dawa university Lecturers. But there is a significant difference in conducting research adjustment of male & female Lecturers at 0.05 levels. It means males Conducting research adjustment are better than female Lecturers.
Misleading Advertisement and its regulation in the EU Medicine Promotion legal framework
Authors: Lawrence Adewale
Published: August 2021

Promotion of medicine is “any activity undertaken by a pharmaceutical company or with its authority which promotes the administration, consumption, prescription, purchase, recommendation, sale, supply or use of its medicine’’. Given the billions of dollars spent during drug development, a pharmaceutical company must be able to make a profit in order to sustain its self, as such, a good promotion strategy to market the product is paramount to the success of the company. The promotion of medicine might take several forms, such as journal and direct mail advertising, activities of representatives, the supply of samples, provision of inducements within the legal framework, provision of hospitality for promotional purposes, sponsorship of promotional or scientific meetings and other sales promotion in whatever form. Advertising of medicine is acceptable as long as it follows the standards of practice. According to the UK MHRA, the “society demands that advertising of any commodity, service or anything that may be of interest to the consumer, should be of a high standard and should not include anything that could cause serious or widespread offence, create unrealistic expectations in the consumer or be misleading’’. The European Union (EU) has a harmonized European Community (EC) policy on medicine advertisement with legislation and code of conduct as incorporated in the principles set out in the WHO Ethical Criteria for Medicinal Drug Promotion, the IFPMA code of practice, the EFPIA Code of Promotion on Prescription-Only Medicines, and Directive 2001/83/EC on the community code relating to medicinal products for human use, as amended by Directive 2004/27/EC3. Aside from the European legislation on advertising, each Member State also has national bodies responsible for the monitoring and enforcement to ensure compliance with the rules. For example, the United Kingdom MHRA uses both its national and European legislation to monitor advertising activities in the UK.
Análise Probabilística de Aterro sobre Solos Moles
Authors: Falcão Patrícia Rodrigues , Fagundes Diego de Freitas , Alves Antônio Marcos de Lima
Published: August 2021

Nenhum modelo prevê perfeitamente a realidade de um determinado sistema; consequentemente, os cálculos em engenharia têm incertezas, que, por conseguinte vão repercutir diretamente em erros de diversos tipos. Em especial, as obras sobre depósitos de argilas moles apresentam uma alta dificuldade devido ao comportamento caracterizado por elevada compressibilidade e baixa resistência desse solo. Os projetos geotécnicos de aterros sobre solos moles são tradicionalmente analisados por intermédio de um fator de segurança global obtido por meio de métodos determinísticos, não incorporando as incertezas inerentes no cálculo. Já a abordagem probabilística possibilita a quantificação das incertezas oriundas da variabilidade dos parâmetros, bem como a avaliação mais abrangente do nível de segurança esperado para a obra através da probabilidade de falha. Desse modo, é possível desvincular a ideia que altos valores de fator de segurança sempre garantem projetos mais seguros. Neste contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar as soluções obtidas pelos Métodos Probabilísticos de Rosenblueth, Monte Carlo, Hipercubo Latino e First Order Second Moment (FOSM), além de avaliar os resultados pela abordagem determinística pelos métodos de Bishop Simplificado, Janbu Simplificado, Spencer e Morgenstern & Price. As análises referentes a estabilidade foram realizadas com o auxílio da ferramenta computacional Slide v.6. Os resultados oriundos das análises evidenciam a importância da inserção do coeficiente de variação nos parâmetros, já que a incerteza repercute diretamente no nível de desempenho esperado para a obra.
Infections and demanding endocrine care contribute to increased mortality in patients with APECED
Authors: Borchers Joonatan , Mäkitie Outi , Laakso Saila
Published: August 2021

Objective

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) has variable clinical course. Overall mortality is increased but reasons for this remain largely unknown. Our objective was to assess the causes of death and factors contributing to increased mortality.

Design

A follow-up study of the Finnish APECED cohort in 1970–2019.

Methods

In 33 deceased patients with APECED, causes of death and clinical course preceding the death were analyzed using national registry data, death certificates, autopsy reports, and patient records.

Results

Most common causes leading to death were infections (24%), oral and esophageal malignancies (15%; median age at death 36.7 years; median survival 1.5 years), and diseases of the circulatory system (18%). Adrenal crisis was an independent cause of death in two patients. In addition, in four patients, the adrenal crisis was a complicating factor during a fatal infection. Other APECED manifestations leading to death were hypoparathyroidism, diabetes, and hepatitis. Other causes of death included accidents (12%), alcohol-related causes, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Challenges in overall, and especially in the endocrine, care contributed to deaths related to carcinomas and adrenal crisis. Age at death and year of death correlated (r = 0.345, P = 0.045), suggesting improved longevity.

Conclusions

Infections, malignancies, and diseases of the circulatory system are the most common primary causes of death in patients with APECED. Adrenal crisis is an independent cause of death but more often a contributing factor in fatal infections. Despite the high overall mortality and the demanding care, our results suggest improved patient survival in recent years.
Insulin-like growth factor ternary complex components as biomarkers for the diagnosis of short stature
Authors: Giannakopoulos Aristeidis , Efthymiadou Alexandra , Chrysis Dionisios
Published: August 2021

Objective

The diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in children is not always straightforward because insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) or GH stimulation tests may not be able to discriminate GHD from constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) or other causes of short stature.

Design

Boys and girls (n = 429, 0.7–16 years) who attended our department for short stature participated in this study. They were followed up for an average period of 9 years. At the end of follow-up after reaching the final height, a definitive diagnosis was assigned, and all the components of ternary complex (IGF-I, IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), acid-labile subunit (ALS), and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio) were evaluated as biomarkers for the respective diagnosis.

Results

All the components of the ternary complex were tightly correlated with each other and were positively related to age. IGF-I, IGFBP-3, ALS, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio differed significantly between GHD and normal groups. IGF-I and ALS levels were lower in GHD compared to children with familial short stature, while IGF-I and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio was significantly lower in GHD compared to children with CDGP. IGF-I and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 receiver operating curve cutoff points were unable to discriminate between GHD and normal groups or between GHD and CDGP groups.

Conclusion

Despite the tight correlation among all the components of the ternary complex, each one shows a statistically significant diagnosis-dependent alteration. There is a superiority of IGF-I, ALS, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio in the distinction between GHD and CDGP or between GHD and normal groups but without usable discriminating power, making auxology as the primary criterion for establishing the diagnosis.
Properties of dual-species bamboo-oriented strand boards bonded with phenol formaldehyde adhesive under various compression ratios
Authors: Maulana Sena , Hidayat Wahyu , Sumardi Ihak , Wistara Nyoman J. , Maulana Muhammad I. , Kim Jong Ho , Lee Seung Hwan , Kim Nam Hun , Febrianto Fauzi
Published: August 2021

Physical and mechanical properties were evaluated for bamboo-oriented strand boards (BOSB) prepared with combinations of two contrasting bamboo species and bonded with phenol formaldehyde resin under various compression ratios. The strands from the culms of Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea and Dendrocalamus asper bamboo were steam-treated at a temperature of 126 °C and a pressure of 0.14 MPa for 1 h and then washed with a 1% NaOH solution. Three-layer dual-species bamboo-oriented strand boards with a shelling ratio of 25 to 50 to 25 (face to core to back) were manufactured with different compression ratios using an 8% phenol formaldehyde adhesive and 1% paraffin. The slenderness ratio and aspect ratio were evaluated by measuring 100 random strands to determine uniformity. The solidity profiles of the dual-species bamboo-oriented strand boards (thickness direction) were relatively uniform. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond values of the dual-species bamboo-oriented strand boards increased as the compression ratio increased, but the water absorption and thickness swelling decreased. The dual-species bamboo-oriented strand boards prepared with compression ratios of 1.44 to 1.25 and 1.54 to 1.33 met all the requirements of CSA standard 0437 (2011). The optimum compression ratio for the preparation of dual-species bamboo-oriented strand boards was 1.44 to 1.25.
Access to Healthcare for Cancer Patients in Lithuania During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Petrauskas Vidas , Narbutas Šarūnas , Čiakienė Neringa , Gudelytė Guoda , Dulskas Audrius
Published: August 2021

Letter to the editor
About the “critical reflections” on the Municipal Epidemiological Resilience Index
Authors: Rojas-Botero Maylen , Fernández-Niño Julián Alfredo , Ruiz-Gómez Fernando
Published: August 2021

In June 2021, a group of renowned Colombian scholars submitted to your Journal1 an article with some reflections on the Municipal Epidemiological Resilience Index (IREM by its acronym in Spanish) proposed by the Colombian Ministry of Health and Social Protection as a tool for decision-making in the country’s territories to boost economic reactivation and overcome the social and economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We would like to take advantage of this space to provide some analytical and interpretative insights on these reflections with the aim of enriching the discussion.
Empatía en estudiantes y profesores de una escuela odontología de República Dominicana
Authors: Díaz-Narváez Víctor Patricio , Silva-Vetri María Guadalupe , Stocklin Boni , González-Díaz Eugenia , Calzadilla-Núñez Aracelis , Torres-Martínez Pilar , Reyes-Reyes Alejandro
Published: August 2021

Introducción. El concepto de empatía se ha integrado como uno de los elementos centrales para el logro final del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud.
Objetivo. Estimar y comparar los niveles de empatía entre estudiantes y profesores de pregrado de odontología de la Universidad Central del Este (República Dominicana).
Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal. La población de estudio (n=264) se dividió en dos grupos: el primero, compuesto por estudiantes de primero a quinto año de la carrera de odontología (N=223; n=215) distribuidos en dos áreas (básica-preclínica y clínica), y el segundo, por los docentes de ambas áreas en la Escuela de Odontología de la universidad (N=53; n=49). Se utilizó la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson (Version-S). El análisis descriptivo de los datos incluyó la estimación de medias, desviaciones estándar y porcentajes, y la confiabilidad de los datos se estimó mediante α de Cronbach; además se realizó un ANOVA bifactorial, calculándose el tamaño del efecto y la potencia de la prueba, y en los casos en que la prueba de Fisher fue significativa para algún factor, se utilizó la prueba de Tukey para estimar las diferencias entre las medias. Se estableció un nivel de significancia: α≤0.05 y β≤0.20
Resultados. Los valores globales de empatía y en la dimensión cuidado con compasión en los profesores no difirieron significativamente con los obtenidos por los estudiantes (área básica -preclínica y clínica), pero sí hubo diferencias entre los estudiantes de ambas áreas (p < 0.05). En las dimensiones Adopción de perspectiva y Ponerse en los zapatos del otro no existieron diferencias entre los tres subgrupos (p=0.428 y p=0.866).
Conclusión. Los niveles de empatía y de la dimensión cuidado compasivo de los profesores no difieren de los de los estudiantes en general (ambas áreas).
Muertes, infecciones, e inmunidad de rebaño en la pandemia por COVID-19: un estudio comparativo de las estrategias de control de la pandemia implementadas en Perú y Reino Unido
Authors: Moya-Salazar Jeel , Cañari Betsy , Zuñiga Nahomi , Jaime-Quispe Alexis , Rojas-Zumaran Victor , Contreras-Pulache Hans
Published: August 2021

Introducción. Ante la amenaza de la pandemia por COVID-19, la mayoría de países en el mundo se han establecido diversas medidas de control y prevención para disminuir la rápida propagación de esta enfermedad.
Objetivos. Comparar las estrategias de control de la pandemia por COVID-19 implementadas en Perú (modelo de fases de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS)) y Reino Unido (inmunidad de rebaño (IR)) en términos de morbimortalidad, y simular la implementación de la IR en Perú durante la etapa inicial de la pandemia.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio exploratorio con un modelo de simulación basado en datos oficiales de ambos países al inicio de la pandemia. Se evaluaron las tasas de mortalidad, letalidad e infección en Reino Unido (IR) y Perú (confinamiento y distanciamiento social) dentro de los primeros 55 días a partir del reporte del primer caso en cada país. Además, se simuló el impacto de haber aplicado la IR, según pautas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, como estrategia inicial en Perú. Se utilizó la prueba t de Student para muestras relacionadas para determinar las diferencias entre ambas estrategias en las dos etapas del estudio.
Resultados. Se registraron 15034 y 33931 casos de COVID-19 para Reino Unido y Perú en el periodo de estudio, respectivamente. La tasa de letalidad fue mayor para Reino Unido (7.82% vs 2.74%), y la tasa de mortalidad acumulada fue mayor en Perú (2.89 vs 1.74 ×100000 habitantes; p=0.0001). Respecto a la simulación, se estableció una población crítica mínima de 60% (>19 millones de casos positivos) para que Perú logre la inmunidad de rebaño, con 1 223 473.1 muertes y una tasa de hospitalización de 44 770 × 100 000 pacientes.
Conclusiones. Durante el periodo de seguimiento (55 días), la estrategia de Reino Unido resultó en una mayor letalidad y la peruana, en más del doble de casos de COVID-19. La simulación de la IR en Perú mostró un dramático incremento de todos los indicadores desfavorables de la pandemia.
O corpo feminino e a educação
Authors: César Daisy da Silva , Frasson Jessica
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o relato de uma experiência pedagógica interdisciplinar que envolveu a discussão sobre o corpo feminino com base na leitura da poesia da autora indiana Rupi Kaur, com o estudo de poemas da obra Milk and honey, lançada no Brasil com o título Outros jeitos de usar a boca. A experiência ocorreu durante um encontro do projeto de extensão intitulado Clube de Leitura, desenvolvido pelo Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Viamão, que envolveu docentes, profissionais da área técnicas, bolsistas e demais estudantes. Selecionamos nove dos poemas lidos durante o encontro, abordando-os em quatro categorias de análise, identificadas tanto na roda de conversa como na leitura dos poemas selecionados, a saber: a) objetificação da mulher; b) diferença na educação de meninos e meninas; c) padronização e controle dos corpos; d) autoestima e empoderamento. O estudo revela a importância da leitura da literatura de autoria feminina e a urgência de discussões sobre o corpo da mulher na educação.
First tardigrade records from San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Núñez Patricia G. , León-Espinosa Gisela A. , Vázquez Roberto , Peña-Salinas Manet E. , Rodríguez-Almaraz Gabino A. , Moreno-Talamantes Antonio
Published: August 2021

A total of 66 specimens representing four tardigrade taxa were found in 14 moss and lichen samples collected from the bark of Jeffrey’s Pine, Pinus jeffreyi Balf., in the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir (Baja California, north-western Mexico). Two taxa were identified to the species level (Echiniscus becki Schuster & Grigarick, 1966 and E. blumi Richters, 1903), and two to the genus level (Milnesium sp. and Ramazzottius sp.). These are the first tardigrade records from the state of Baja California, and they increase the known tardigrade diversity of Mexico to 84 species.
Produção audiovisual indígena no Brasil: cartografia de um percurso
Authors: Costa, Gilson , Galindo Dolores
Published: August 2021

Nas últimas décadas, os modelos de comunicação passaram por mudanças significativas. Com isso, a popularização e o acesso a novos mecanismos de comunicabilidade possibilitaram que um crescente número de indivíduos e coletivos pudesse produzir, trocar e disseminar conteúdos. Neste cenário, as produções audiovisuais passam a ganhar espaço em setores alternativos e populares. Para os povos indígenas, a apropriação dos meios de comunicação, sobretudo os de produção audiovisual, emergem como canais expressivos para a preservação da memória coletiva e autodeterminação. Neste estudo, apresentamos um percurso cartográfico sobre o advento da mídia indígena, dando relevo ao uso da produção audiovisual enquanto subterfúgio relevante no processo contínuo de resistência e luta pela aquisição e garantia de direitos.
"A narrativa ideal seria ir além de uma grande reportagem": conceitos e características do livro-reportagem brasileiro
Authors: Maciel Alexandre Zarate
Published: August 2021

A intenção deste artigo é estabelecer um resumo do estado da arte da conceituação do livro-reportagem produzido no Brasil, bem como apresentar e debater as principais características que definem as suas formas peculiares de produção. O texto apresenta os conceitos de pesquisadores que se dedicaram a entender o livro-reportagem brasileiro em suas teses de doutorado, como Lima (2009), Rogê Ferreira (1994), Catalão (2010) e Vilas Boas (2006), aliados aos depoimentos de jornalistas escritores como Fernando Morais, Ruy Castro, Zuenir Ventura e Daniela Arbex, entrevistados por Autor (2018) a partir do método da entrevista em profundidade. Conclui-se que os jornalistas autores de livros-reportagem trabalham de forma mais autônoma, com rotinas produtivas diferentes das tradicionais em redações e buscam produzir livros que debatem os temas e personagens contemporâneos brasileiros.
Ecoing the Other(s): The Call of Global Green and Black African Responses
Authors: Slaymaker William
Published: August 2021

Global production of literature and criticism about the environment has increased dramatically in the past decade, but black African writers and critics have not participated fully in this new approach. Literary green globalism, broadcast from metropolitan centers East and West, has inspired suspicion among some black African anglophone writers, while gaining acceptance among others, who with their Euro-American counterparts have begun to examine the relations of humanity and nature in sub-Saharan environments.
Glocal Knowledges: Agency and Place in Literary Studies
Authors: Livingston Robert Eric
Published: August 2021

Discourse on globalization regularly sells itself as the next big thing. If we read before buying it, however, it may seem that the novelty of globalization has been oversold and its enduring features underestimated. Against the tendency to oppose global processes to local practices (e.g., as future to past), the essay argues for seeing literary studies hitorically as a form of “glocalization,” reworking the topics of locality and place while recalling the forms of their dislocation. Recognizing this historical implication in the global should keep us from being stampeded by market-driven scenarios of globalism and allow us to recover ways to configure alternative futures. What is needed are tactical (in Certeau's sense) responses to globalization and a renewed commitment to practices of disciplined skepticism.
Literature for the Planet
Authors: Dimock Wai Chee
Published: August 2021

What happens when a text is read in different centuries, different countries? The fate of the Divine Comedy in the Soviet Union suggests one answer. Focusing on Osip Mandelstam's intense attachment to Dante and thinking generally about the consequences of a globalizing readership, this essay argues for literature as a peculiar form of “life,” a planetary life. Not biological like an organism and not territorial like a nation, this form of life extends across linguistic borders and across the borders of chronology. This form of life comprises a population of temporal hybrids: “translations” that disrupt the territorial sovereignty of the state, even as they disrupt its regime of simultaneity.
The Language of Two Shores
Authors: Amat Nuria , Ween Lori , Fernández Oscar
Published: August 2021

Nuria Amat's view of literature between borders places her in the arduous trajectory of Spanish women writers, who have written their works from the periphery of Spanish fiction. Historically, few women have been among the canonical writers of Spain, and those who wrote were known for their ambivalent representations of their role as authors. Marginal writers of both sexes were forced to engage in literary disguises and subterfuges, “common and necessary practices for those who deviated from orthodoxy and convention” (Levine and Marson xxi). With the death of Franco in 1975, women writers of Spain such as Ana María Moix (b. 1947, Catalonia), Esther Tusquets (b. 1946, Catalonia), Marina Mayoral (b. 1942, Galicia), Lourdes Ortiz (b. 1943), Montserrat Roig (b. 1946, Catalonia), Cristina Fernández Cubas (b. 1945, Barcelona), and Rosa Montero (b. 1951, Madrid) began to explore their personal and national histories as the censorship ended. There soon followed a boom of female writers, who, “encouraged by the feminist movement and by all the changing atmosphere of the seventies, were able to find marketing success that soon made them visible” (Nichols 11).
Beyond Discipline? Globalization and the Future of English
Authors: Jay Paul
Published: August 2021

Economic and cultural globalization threatens the nation-state's ability to control institutions like the university, where a general emphasis on national subjectivities and ideologies is giving way to a focus on diasporic and postnational formations. Globalization challenges our tendency in literary studies to organize programs and curricula along national lines. This is particularly true for English literature, the contemporary production and consumption of which no longer take place within discrete national borders but unfold in a complex system of transnational economic and cultural exchanges. As we reorganize our approach to English in this context, we need to develop a thorough understanding of the key terms, issues, and debates that have marked the rise of globalization studies. Most important, we need to resituate English in a global framework without subjecting postnational literatures to the colonizing effects of some of our traditional hierarchies and practices.
How (the) Inscrutable Chinese Led to Globalized Theory
Authors: Chow Rey
Published: August 2021

In literary studies, our current use of global is often implicitly or explicitly invested in the notion of an ever-widening network of communications, of unprecedented linkages among previously disconnected or distinct cultural units. Where things were formerly separate and unrelated, they are now believed to be increasingly connected through multiple contacts, in processes that are rendered cosmopolitan, international, and cross-cultural. The underlying assumption in much of the talk about globalization is that of inclusionism—of the possibilities of including, of incorporating things into a kind of coexistence that was once out of the question. If we translate this state of affairs into religious terms, globalization would probably appear in the form of the command “Love thy neighbor as thyself.”
Primal Scenes of Globalization: Legacies of Canaan and Etruria
Authors: Ra'ad Basem L.
Published: August 2021

This study calls for globalizing recognitions and for writing less exclusionary histories. In introductory remarks, it relates two undermined cultures to current globalization and to “Western civilization” as a complex constructed from selected ancient Greek, Roman, and Judeo-Christian elements. Seven sections illustrate various contradictions in scholarship, in literary history, and in practice and attempt to reinsert Canaanite, Etruscan, and other suppressed civilizations into the Western and monotheistic self-valuation. The sections are titled “Etruscology,” “Recognition Politics and Paradigmatic Omissions,” “A Few Scholars,” “Recognition Textbooks,” “Canaan, Ugarit, and Biblical Scholarship,” “Demonologies,” and “Writing Writing.” The last section suggests that the original development and transmission of the alphabet could be used as another model for human commonality and for altering frameworks of interaction, knowledge, and recognition.
Is Literary Studies Becoming Unpublishable?
Authors: Murrell Mary
Published: August 2021

When asked to write a short piece for the PMLA series entitled “The Book Market,” I muttered to myself, with a nervous laugh, “What book market?” More and more often I and others in academic publishing have been asking ourselves whether there exists a viable book market for literary studies. Almost every university press has a long history of publishing works in literary studies, and yet recently the frustrations of the market have begun to sour the relation between the field and its publishers. I regularly hear of one university press or another declaring that it is “getting out of the field.” Could a discipline with so many strengths, so much talent, and so much sophistication—in fact, the engine of the humanities—find itself for the most part unpublishable?
Monstrous Women, Sublime Pleasure, and the Perils of Reception in Lessing's Aesthetics
Authors: Kenkel Karen J.
Published: August 2021

Enlightenment intellectuals viewed the moral cultivation of the individual through aesthetic pleasure to be a crucial means for regulating social relations in bourgeois civil society. G. E. Lessing's drama criticism and plays reveal how important reshaping women's social identity was to the definition of morally productive aesthetic pleasure in the Enlightenment. Drawing on contemporary feminist theory, this essay explores how and why the tension between aesthetic pleasure and morality that runs through Lessing's work centers on developing bourgeois norms of femininity and on their violation in French classical and epic dramas. The essay reveals how the gender-specific moral demands placed on cultural pleasure in Lessing's drama criticism helped lay the foundation for a cultural crisis in the late eighteenth century, as well as for a divided public sphere. Lessing's plays, however, offer a more complex vision of the audience's interests and needs and a more open vision of women's possible social roles.
Under the Skin of John Updike:Self-Consciousnessand the Racial Unconscious
Authors: Prosser Jay
Published: August 2021

Psoriasis is the structuring principle of John Updike'sSelf-Consciousness.The condition is also a metaphor for Updike's writings, in their concern with surface and their proliferation. Updike seeks to avoid self-revelation by makingSelf-Consciousnessa memoir about the other. Displacing his psoriasis into a consideration of black and mixed-race skin. Updike reflects, in the mirror of the autobiography, his self with a letter to his half-black, half-white grandsons. In a series of pronominal substitutions, in which Updike's grandsons are transformed from addressees to narratees.Self-Consciousnessdiscloses a racial unconscious. This racial unconscious is also that of American history. As slavery was founded on a Manichaeanism of black-white skin, desires for crossing the skin border were repressed. The unconscious dimension of racism survives in the stigmatization of differently marked skins. Reading the surface ofSelf-Consciousnessas profound, this essay assigns Updike a novel place in a racially conscious American canon.
The “Imitation David”: Plagiarism, Collaboration, and the Making of a Gay Literary Tradition in David Leavitt's “The Term Paper Artist”
Authors: Bleeth Kenneth , Rivkin Julie
Published: August 2021

Charged with having plagiarized Stephen Spender's 1948 autobiography World within World in his 1993 novel While England Sleeps, David Leavitt responds through his novella “The Term Paper Artist” and his coedited anthology of gay writers Pages Passed from Hand to Hand by defending the place of copying and imitation in the transmission of gay culture. Echoing the preoccupation with mimicry in contemporary gay-lesbian cultural theory, Leavitt's novella fictionalizes his accused self and presents a parable of how literary inspiration, like desire, derives from inhabiting identities not one's own. “The Term Paper Artist” invites a detective game of source study that leads to figures as diverse as Henry James, E. M. Forster, and Jack the Ripper, as well as to less mentionable icons of contemporary popular culture, all of whom are used to authorize a version of gay writing and gay literary genealogy that finds generative and regenerative power in the copy.
Our Puny Boundaries: Why the Craving for Carving Up the Nineteenth Century?
Authors: Wolfson Susan J.
Published: August 2021

It's almost too convenient that carve evolves, via middle high german (kerben), from the greek graphein: “TO scratch, to write.” Ham-fisted or artful, the verb is the mark of desire, of a craving to inscribe. Given a century, carvings display cravings of the mind, motivated assignments in a march of years all beginning 18—. Figuring out how to carve one's shape in history, or how to carve history into shape, was a perplexity, a founding question even, at the dawn of the century:

Who knows the individual hour in whichHis habits were first sown, even as a seed?[………]Hard task to analyse a soul in whichNot only general habits and desiresBut each most obvious and particular thought,Not in a mystical and idle sense,But in the words of reason deeply weigh'dHath no beginning.
An evaluation of gastrointestinal endoscopic examination outcomes in patients with iron deficiency through guidelines
Authors: COŞKUN Orhan , ÇAPRAZ Mustafa , ÇETİN Zeynep
Published: August 2021

Introduction:Chronic blood loss and intestinal malabsorption of iron are two important causes of iron deficiency in adult patients.We evaluated the demographic data and endoscopy findings of patients who underwent endoscopic examination due to iron deficiency.
Materials and Method:The study was designed retrospectively.The database of patients who underwent endoscopic examination due to ID and/or IDA in the endoscopy unit of our hospital between June 2017-April 2020 were found through the database scan. After exclusion of patients with active bleeding finding, remaining 326 patients were evaluated.
Findings:Median age of the patients was 58 years. The participants included 182 males and 144 females. Ninety three patients were below 50 years of age whereas 133 patients were above 50 years of age. Endoscopy was performed in 13.2% of the patients; colonoscopy was performed in 2.5% of the patients; and endoscopy + colonoscopy (dual procedure) was performed in 84.4% of the patients. Endoscopic examinations revealed pathological findings that may cause ID/IDA in 69.3% of the patients; however, no gastrointestinal pathology that may cause ID/IDA was detected in 30.7% of the patients.Twelve patients were diagnosed with malign diseases. Detection of any pathology that may cause ID/IDA during endoscopic examinations was significantly more in the dual examination group when compared to patients who had EGD or colonoscopy (p<0.001). Furthermore, concomitant pathologies that may cause ID/IDA in both lower and upper GIS were detected in 17.5% of the patients in the dual examination group.
Conclusion:Dual endoscopic examinations according to guideline recommendations increase diagnostic efficiency compared to one-sided examinations.
Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Acne Vulgaris Patients Treated with Systemic Isotretinoin
Authors: YAVUZ Cahit
Published: August 2021

Introduction and Aim: Inflammatory mediators have importance in acne vulgaris pathogenesis. Which mediators cause lesions or increase with which variants is not clear. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein are the inflammatory indicators that used for follow up of inflammatory diseases. There are various studies state that neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein levels are important for systemic isotretinoin treatment or not. Evaluation of changes in neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein levels with systemic isotretinoin treatment is the aim of this study.
Material and Method: Acne vulgaris patients who are treated with systemic isotretinoin and healthy control subjects between January 2006 and December 2016 in Konya Training and Research Hospital Dermatology outpatient clinic are included to study. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein levels compared in each group at the beginning of treatment and at the 3rd month.
Results: 50 patients (28 of women and 22 of men) who are treated with systemic isotretinoin for acne vulgaris and 50 healthy control patients (21 of women and 29 of men) included to study. Mean age of treatment group was 21 (19-23) and control group was 29,5. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio are not found statistically significiant in patients and control group at the begining and middle of the treatment (1,84,[3,36-0,51] – 1,62,[4,07-0,68], p:0,107), C-reactive protein levels show a statistically significiant decrease in patient group with treatment (p<0,028).
Conclusion: Systemic isotretinoin treatment may affect neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein levels in patients. Further studies are needed to clarify this relation.
The psychological trait among fitness center goers during home quarantine and its relationship to the body mass index
Authors: Zureigat Ayed , Fattah Osama Abdel , Kailani Ghazi El
Published: August 2021

Background: The Corona pandemic imposed on the countries of the world to take many strict measures to limit the spread of this virus, as home quarantine. Objective: this study aimed to identify the psychological aspects level among the fitness center goers during home quarantine and the differences in these aspects level according to the gender variable. As well as, the relationship between the psychological stress and motivation level, in addition, to the relationship between some psychological aspects and the body mass index, finally the differences in the body mass index before and after home quarantine. Design: To achieve this, the researchers used the descriptive approach on a sample consisting of (510), selected using randomly sample technique with the average age of (24±2.6) years. Because of the home quarantine and to reduce face-to-face interaction, the researchers used a questionnaire by using the Google form. The study tool consisted of (11) paragraphs associated with stress and (11) paragraphs associated with motivation. The researchers used means, standard deviations, paired and independent sample T-test by using SPSS version 24 with a confidence level of 95% (p value < 0.05). Results: The results of the study have shown that the psychological stress level among the study sample came with a high average (4.03) and moderate average (2.83) for motivation domain without any statistically significant differences according to the gender variable. As well as, a statistically significant association between the level of psychological stress and motivational in males and females with a higher percentage of body mass index (BMI) for males and females after home quarantine and a higher percentage of females. While the results of the study showed a statistically significant correlation between psychological aspects and body mass index. Conclusion: In light of these results, the urgent need to activate the role and importance of psychological self-care for individuals during home quarantine and work to find a balance between leisure time and other life activities.
Comparison of healthy behavior in Ukrainian and Polish students of physical education
Authors: Rogowska Aleksandra M. , Pavlova Iuliia , Kuśnierz Cezary , Kwaśnicka Aleksandra , Koszyk Szymon , Hejno Marta
Published: August 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to examine the healthy behaviors in undergraduate students of Physical Education (PE) from Ukraine and Poland in comparison to the control sample of students of other faculties. Material and methods: The group of 564 university students (67% of males), ranging in age from 18 to 41 years (M = 22.05, SD = 2.49), was surveyed using a written form of the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI). The HBI includes the following four subscales: healthy habits, nutrition (HHN), preventive behavior (PB), positive adjustments (PA), and healthy practices (HP). Undergraduates' sample consisted of 25% Ukrainian students of PE faculty, 30% Polish PE students, and 45% Polish sample of other faculty's students. Results: Overall, the undergraduates were presented with a low level of the total HBI. Both Ukrainian and Polish PE students scored higher than their other faculties' peers in the Total HBI, HHN, PB, and PA scales. Women scored significantly higher than men in the Total HBI, HHN, and PB scales. The interaction between faculty and gender was also found in the total HBI, HNN, and HP scores. Conclusions: The Polish Health Education curriculum at universities should be improved to increase PE students' healthy behavior as future teachers. New health promotion programs should be implemented at campuses and universities to maintain and improve a healthy lifestyle among students. These health prevention programs' main aim is to motivate students, be more responsible for their health, engage more in physical activity, learn effective coping with stress strategies, and practice healthy eating habits and other wellness forms.
Harmonious physique development and obesity prevention of preschool girls
Authors: Osipov Aleksander , Orlova Irina , Iermakov Sergii , Ratmanskaya Tatyana , Nagovitsyn Roman , Kudryavtsev Mikhail
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The main threats to the health and harmonious physical development of preschool children are overweight, obesity and abnormalities in the physique development. The aim of the study was to verify if particular (harmonious physique development and obesity prevention) PE intervention is more effective than standard PE classes for preschool children. Material and methods: Participants: The thirty healthy preschool girls (5-6 aged). All children practiced PE classes 3 times a week. Group 1 practiced the traditional PE sessions (games, gymnastic and dancing). Group 2 except games and dancing used a particular PE training (purposeful development of the shoulder girdle, upper limbs and motor abilities). The study used methods for estimating height and body weight, BMI, body composition, participants' biacromial breadth and Rees-Eysenck body index (REBI). Results: There were significant (p≤0.05) differences in BMI and biacromial breadth values between of participants' group in the study ending. Group 2 had a significantly (p≤0.05) lower BMI and a larger shoulder width values. Body composition assessment showed a significantly (p≤0.05) higher percentage of bone and muscle mass in group 2. There was a significant decrease in the participants' number of normosthenic body type in group 1. A significant increase in the participants' number of normosthenic body type and decrease in the in the participants' number of pyknic body type were found in group 2. Conclusions: PE programs related to the purposeful development of the shoulder girdle, upper limbs and motor skills contributes to the process of harmonious physique development of preschool girls (aged 5-6). An higher positive effect of using this PE practice in the control of body weight and BMI dynamics in preschool girls was found.
Comparison of physical activity of children in a state kindergarten and a forest kindergarten in the Czech Republic
Authors: Culková Dita , Francová Lucie , Růžička Ivan , Urbanová Dana , Suk Jan
Published: August 2021

Introduction: This study compares physical activity of children in a state kindergarten and a forest kindergarten, particularly the number of steps taken, which can indicate the quantity of physical activity. The objective is to monitor the number of steps taken by children in selected institutions and to conduct an analysis in relation to the structure of the daily programme and movement regimen of these institutions contributing thus to the discussion concerning physical literacy formation among preschool children. Methods: The study is of a descriptive non-intervention character using mechanical pedometers. The sample consists of 73 children (36 in the state kindergarten, 37 in the forest kindergarten). The data are processed using a nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and Cohen's d. Results: At the significance level of 0.05 it was discovered that children from the forest kindergarten take significantly more steps in the observed period than children from the state kindergarten. The Z-score is -4.357 and p < 0.001. Substantive significance for the level of physical activity measured by the number of steps is high. Cohen's d = (532057–354714)/133355.005729 = 1.33. Conclusion: Physical literacy is influenced by both the quality of physical activity and the quantity, which was larger in the forest kindergarten. This may be related to the amount of spontaneous physical activity and the frequency and length of trips. However, controlled physical activities in the state kindergarten, especially morning exercise, can improve the quality and increase physical literacy as well. There is a need for a competent approach of teachers, sensitive inclusion of physical activities in the daily programme with emphasis on internal motivation, and awareness of benefits and drawback of both spontaneous physical activity and controlled activities represented by regular morning exercise.
MarineSediment-BlueC-eDNA v1
Authors: Anglès d'Auriac Marc , Hancke Kasper , Gundersen Hege , Frigstad Helene , Borgersen Gunhild
Published: August 2021

This protocol was established for the Nordic Blue Carbon Project (2017–2020) for tracking the presence of kelp DNA in marine sediments, providing preliminary quantitative information on the original kelp biomass. Nordic blue forests are coastal vegetated habitats, such as kelp forests, eelgrass meadows and rockweed beds, that are important natural sinks for carbon and thereby climate regulation. They also play an important role in climate adaptation. Simultaneously, blue forests are at high risk from climate change and other human impacts, such as eutrophication and coastal development. The advent of eDNA methods for tracking animal or vegetal organisms in water or sediment matrices, has enabled not only geographical detection without collection of the organism but also temporal study of their presence in dated sediment cores. The fate of eDNA and its persistence in the environment is intimately related to its biophysical surroundings. eDNA entrapped in sediments may be preserved on long time scales, up to centuries, enabling historical tracking of the presence of a species on a site. The present protocol was developed for tracking eDNA of a predominant Norwegian kelp species, Laminaria hyperborea, in dated marine sediment cores. This approach enables confirmation of species specific contribution to carbon sequestration in an effort to evaluate marine sediments operating as carbon sinks. This work was financed by the Norwegian Environment Agency (Miljødirektoratet) contract #17080044 and published in a NIVA report ISBN 978-82-577-7384-7, Norwegian Environment Agency Report M-2090|2021, Blue Carbon eDNA – A novel eDNA method to trace macroalgae carbon in marine sediments. .
Guidance for populating GenomeTrakr metadata templates (BioSample and SRA) v6
Authors: Timme Ruth , Balkey Maria , Wolfgang William , Strain Errol
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE: Guidance on how to populate NCBI's metadata packages, maximizing interoperability for foodborne pathogen surveillance. SCOPE: This protocol provides detailed instructions for populating the following two templates: 1. BioSample metadata: guidelines to populate the GenomeTrakr-extended pathogen package. 2. SRA metadata: NCBI's generic sequence metadata template for SRA submissions.
Hyperbaton în Prodigiorum liber al lui Obsequens
Authors: Tărnăuceanu Claudia
Published: August 2021

Opusculul cunoscut sub titlul Prodigiorum liber, un inventar al fenomenelor ieșite din comun despre care se credea că prevestesc evenimente importante, redactat la sfîrșitul secolului al IV-lea de Obsequens, poate fi încadrat în categoria textelor de „specialitate”, cu un limbaj aparte (sermo prodigialis) și un stil specific. Dat fiind caracterul „tehnic” al unei astfel de scrieri, unde accentul este pus pe concizie și claritate, este de așteptat ca ocurența unor figuri topice precum hyperbaton-ul să nu fie foarte frecventă. Scopul acestui studiu este analiza modului de realizare și a rolului acestei figuri în Prodigiorum liber. În urma examinării, se observă că hyperbaton-ul, prezent într-un număr suficient de mare de exemple, apare preponderent ca mijloc pragmatic de punere în relief, utilizarea sa ca ornament stilistic, cu diverse valențe expresive, fiind foarte restrînsă.
The Staicu lexicon in relation to lexicons belonging to the Berynda family: orthography and structure
Authors: Felea Ion-Mihai
Published: August 2021

The first manuscripts with Slavonic-Romanian dictionaries date from the 17th century and six of these have been preserved to the present day almost intact. They are all based on Pamvo Berynda’s lexicon (1627), to which several word lists were added in some of the manuscripts. These manuscripts have mostly been studied from a lexical point of view.

Our study aims at describing the way in which the lexicons were elaborated, at observing the significant orthographic variations and also at becoming an additional tool for establishing the network of filiations from which the Romanian lexicons resulted. Our observations focus on the entries for the first three letters in the above-mentioned lexicons. As all these lexicons were available in electronic format, we identified the propagation of several errors in the Romanian antigraphs, emphasized various aspects related to spelling and compared the additional lists.

The data indicates that Romanian manuscripts preserve the orthography of Berynda’s Lexicon and the additional lists to a different degree. These variations suggest the existence of at least one protograph between the source and the Romanian lexicons. Applied to the entire content of the manuscripts, the investigation of these variations could contribute to the identification of the manuscript that is the closest to the initial version.