bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DENGAN KECEMASAN DALAM MENCEGAH PAPARAN CORONA VIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) DI PERKOTAAN
Authors: Guntur Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease (covid-19) is one of the new types of viruses that appeared at the end of 2019. This virus is known to be very dangerous compared to previous viral viruses, the signs and symptoms of coronavirus (covid-19) are fever of more than 38C, cough and shortness of breath. In general, the anxiety experienced by each individual is caused by knowledge factors. Lack of knowledge about coronavirus (covid-19) can cause a person to panic and worry about his health. Objective: the purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between the level of knowledge and public anxiety on the prevention of coronavirus disease (covid-19) in Mojolangu Subdistrict Lowokwaru, Malang
Method In this research using quantitative type that is descriptive correlative, with cross sectional approach. Measuring instruments in this study using questionnaire Zung Self Anxiety Rating Scale and public knowledge in preventing covid 19. The research sample was 171 respondents and the research was conducted in Mojolangu district, Malang City with the test used is somers'd test.
Results: Of the 171 respondents, 109 respondents had good knowledge (63.7%), 22 respondents had moderate knowledge (12.9%) and 40 respondents had less knowledge (23.4%) and for public anxiety obtained From 171 respondents, as many as 16 respondents experienced severe anxiety (9.4%), 28 respondents experienced moderate anxiety (16.4%) and 127 respondents experienced mild anxiety (74.2%). The large value of correlation between knowledge level and public anxiety in dealing with coronavirus disease (covid-19) in Mojolangu Sub district Lowokwaru Malang amounted to -0.345 which showed a negative correlation with the strength of moderate correlation.
Conclusion There is a relationship between the level of knowledge and public anxiety in the face of coronavirus disease in Mojolangu district lowokwaru Malang.
Keywords: Knowledge level; anxiety; coronavirus disease (covid-19
Sudden outbreak of metastatic intestinal adenocarcinoma in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Gombač M , Seničar M , Švara T , Šturm S , Dolenšek T , Tekavec K , Cerkvenik Flajs V , Schmidt-Posthaus H
Published: March 2021

Intestinal adenocarcinomas are uncommon in fishes. To date, they have been reported in zebrafish Danio rerio, blue gularis Fundulopanchax sjostedti, koi carp Cyprinus carpio koi, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Metastases are even rarer and have been observed so far at very low prevalence, only in feed-induced adenocarcinoma in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. Intestinal adenocarcinoma with liver and heart metastases and mesenteric invasion was found in approximately 33% of 4 yr old rainbow trout from a Slovene hatchery with 2000 breeding trout. During stripping, lumps in the abdominal cavity were palpated in one-third of the breeding fish; some of the fish were anorectic and lethargic, and mortality was slightly increased. Affected trout were euthanized and 4 were submitted for necropsy and histopathology. Necropsy revealed firm, whitish, irregularly lobular masses originating from the intestine. Histologically, the intestinal masses showed a prominent proliferation of tall columnar neoplastic epithelial cells arranged in dense irregular islands or solid areas and papillotubular protuberances. Solid areas of neoplastic cells were also observed in the mesentery of all trout and in the liver of one trout, whereas minute groups of neoplastic cells were seen in the vessels of the intestinal mucosa in all trout and in the myocardium and the liver of one trout. Epithelial origin of neoplastic cells was confirmed by expression of the cytokeratin marker AE1/AE3. The intestinal masses were diagnosed as intestinal adenocarcinoma with mesenteric invasion and metastases to the liver and heart. The cause of intestinal adenocarcinoma was not determined.
Pathology of grey seals Halichoerus grypus in southwest England including pups in early rehabilitation
Authors: Barnett JEF , Allen R , Astley K , Whitehouse F , Wessels ME
Published: March 2021

Few investigations have examined the pathology of grey seals Halichoerus grypus in southwest England, where it is the most abundant marine mammal. Here, primary pathological findings are presented from 107 post-mortem examinations of grey seals in southwest England between 2013 and 2020. Over three-quarters were pups in their first year of life; the origins of the carcasses reflected the known breeding season and breeding sites of grey seals in the region. Trauma was the most common primary pathological finding (n = 49), followed by infectious disease (n = 36). Traumatic findings included fisheries-related trauma (n = 15), other acute physical traumas (n = 15) and other chronic traumas (n = 19). Infectious disease findings included respiratory infections (n = 21) and gastrointestinal infections (n = 9). There was no difference in the primary pathological findings for seals found dead or that died or were euthanased on the day they were found compared to those dying in early rehabilitation, suggesting that it is appropriate to include findings from seals in early rehabilitation in studies of wild grey seal pathology. Seals that had not been frozen before post-mortem examination were nearly twice as likely to have a primary pathological finding of infectious disease or trauma than those that had been frozen, highlighting the need, wherever possible, to avoid freezing seals prior to post-mortem examination.
TEKNOGOGI
Authors: Tambunan Elia
Published: March 2021

Not a few teachers in Indonesia, despite being technology users, are not yet good at using it as technogogy. As a result of the teacher’s habit of using the classroom as a place of learning in formal schools, they encounter serious obstacles in the online learning system, especially those who are no longer young. Technology, teachers, society, and online learning, as material objects for discussion in this paper, have a problematic relationship. This paper intends to describe the practical use of technology as a fun learning devices for urban society in Indonesia, namely technogogy with Salatiga as an example. With qualitative data collected through participant observation of 29 teachers as a research method between March and September 2020 and then analyzed, researchers found interesting empirical data. The COVID-19 pandemic has corrected the performance of teachers who are accustomed to vocalizing. Online systems require the latest digital-based technology literacy levels to ensure learning systems are not just administrative jobs for teachers. Living Books produced by Jungle School function as a technology containing transformative thematic instruction that can fulfill learning modalities for students from various countries. It is a novelty of urban education praxis, shown by this paper, a new learning technology that can also be adopted and innovated by practitioners of further Christian Religious Education.
Hodnotenie a implementácia projektov Smart City v Petrohrade
Authors: Kirsanov Sergey , Istomin Eugene , Mihaliková Eva
Published: March 2021

Smart Cities represent a vital pillar of the modern society and they are influenced by constant development of information and communication technologies. Nowadays we can speak about transition to the third generation Smart Cities featuring complex digital transformation. The presented article introduces The Smart City concepts in Russia and its implementation in St.Petersburg. It highlights the level of the Smart city in Russia, realized and planned projects through selected indexes. The article identifies the problem areas and formulates recommendations leading to the Smart Cities level improvement.
Pozastavenie výkonu uznesenia obecného zastupiteľstva
Authors: Král Rastislav
Published: March 2021

In the article, the author focuses on institutes legislatively enabling the suspension of performance, respectively suspension of the implementation of the resolution adopted by the municipal council. The subject of the analysis are two legislative instruments. The first is the competence of the mayor to suspend the execution of the resolution adopted by the municipal council. The second option is the possibility of suspending the execution of the resolution on the basis of granting the suspensory effect granted to the administrative action in the matter of reviewing the legality of the resolution of the council under § 348 et seq. Administrative Judicial Code. In the context of these two tools, the author analyzes both institutes, having the same impact. When comparing their time and content determinants, it provides an insight into their real usability for the needs of the proper functioning of municipal self-government.
The Use of Augmented Reality in Contemporary Art
Authors:   Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts, Malinina Irina
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the use of augmented reality (AR) in creative projects of contemporary art. Features of application of augmented reality technologies are investigated. The author reviews the possibilities and options for using augmented reality technology to support museums and galleries. This article will help contemporary artists to better understand these technologies, understand the role of AR in modern society and assess its prospects. Analysis of scientific research has shown that the use of augmented reality in art is increasingly of interest to artists and scientists. There are also articles dedicated to improving the learning experience of art gallery visitors using augmented reality. The present study reveals the chronology of research on this phenomenon. An analysis of the experience of Ukrainian, European and American artists and designers in the implementation of AR‑technologies in the field of culture has also been conducted, on the basis of which a system of thematic areas of augmented reality in contemporary art has been presented. There are five areas where augmented reality in the field of art is used. These are museums of history and art and exhibition halls, art city tourism, film industry, concerts and television. But it turns out that the number of these areas is not final. Eventually, AR will be used in other art venues. The materials of this article provide recommendations for the spread of augmented reality technologies in art. With the help of these technologies, the image of an innovative progressive museum and exhibition hall, open to new opportunities, can be created, which gives the opportunity to attract new visitors, generating a unique complex interactive experience. So far, augmented reality is used exclusively in art, but more and more artists and designers are beginning to move towards interactive implementations in their work. Many of these authorial experiments grow into unique creative projects and provide enormous advantages in the system of culture and art.
Minimalism as a Modern Trend of Graphic Design in Ukraine
Authors:   Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts, Sbitnieva Nadia
Published: March 2021

Development tendencies of modern Ukrainian graphic design are considered in the article. Minimalism is one of the most effective forms of information presentation in an oversaturated visual environment. The objective of the article is to analyze minimalism as a modern approach in graphic design in Ukraine. The methods used to achieve the goal of the work combine techniques of comparative, figurative and stylistic analysis, which are based on historical and systemic approaches. The results of the study show that the tendency to limit palette of artistic means and design techniques has always been a reaction to excessive decorativeness and sensuality of art and design. Minimalism requires precise proportions of elements and a clear compositional construction because the presence of large areas of free space surrounding the elements enhances compositional and semantic meaning of each of them. It has been found that widespread use of the term “minimalism” by amateur designers and consumers has made it a bit “worn out” and the understanding of minimalism is somewhat simplified and primitive. In fact, minimalism is a set of reasonably limited means and techniques for creating a design product that implements the principle of ecological thinking and modern philosophy of appropriate use of not only material but also visual resources. Deterioration of visual environment, chaos and pollution of the information space require graphic designers to be responsible in choosing professional tools, reasonably limiting means and techniques necessary and sufficient to convey information and create an appropriate image. Minimalism is a clear language of international communication, which will become increasingly important with technology development and acceleration of people’s rhythm of life around the world.
Alexander Archipenko: Artistic and Aesthetic Principles of the European Avant-garde Epoch
Authors:   Lviv National Academy of Arts, Klymenko Mariya
Published: March 2021

he paradigm formation of Alexander Archipenko’s art (1887–1964) in the context of the European avant-garde was analyzed in the article. The study examined the historiography of the 20th century artistic movement from Cubism, Futurism to Expressionism. The author analyzed the sculptor’s conceptual connection with innovations of the period and underlined the main philosophical principles of the epoch, and their impact on the formation of the artist’s figurative plastic concepts. The focus was made on the accumulation of the universal cultural experience of the European avant-garde in the process of Alexander Archipenko’s personality formation. The social and cultural factors of the sculptor’s personality formation were traced. The sculptor’s phenomenon is inseparable from the conglomeration of the European avant-garde thoughts. The sublimity of the intellectual resource development of the period was the driving force in the formation of Alexander Archipenko’s innovation. The author of the present study analyzed the main cultural and artistic groups of the epoch, and revealed Archipenko’s direct participation in them. Archipenko, the inventor of the experimental space, showed the way to sculptors of the 20th century. The sculptor’s philosophic line was projected into multicultural and anthropological dimension. The consolidation of general experience of the existence is embodied in the sculptor’s seeking strategies. Archipenko’s methodology development passed through the multicultural synthesis of the world’s ancient experience. There was a certain inspiration by mythological, ritual and historical prototypes as well. The artist’s semantic field had the only basis where new variations of the form and content arose from. The synthesis of artistic, aesthetic and philosophical principles of European avant-garde in Alexander Archipenko’s art contributed to the formation of the ethno-national basis of his art.
Ways of Art Education Development in Kharkiv (1896–1918)
Authors:   Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts, Sokolyuk Lyudmyla
Published: March 2021

This article analyzed the activities of Kharkiv City Art School (1896–1912) and Kharkiv Art School (1912–1918) on the basis of unpublished archival materials. The article reveals the connection of these educational institutions with the pedagogical system of Rayevska-Ivanova’s private art school (1869–1896) in Kharkiv, although the industrial art profile inhered in that school was lost. The author showed that the bureaucratic red tape on the part of St. Petersburg Academy of Arts regarding the transformation of Kharkiv City Art School into Specialized School with the corresponding rights stretched for 16 years and slowed down the development of art education in Kharkiv during that period of time. It is emphasized that the opening of Kharkiv Art School finally took place in 1912, that is, much later than other similar educational institutions on the territory of the Russian Empire. It did not have time to fully deploy its work due to the events associated with the First World War and the establishment of Soviet power in Ukraine. Therefore, some talented graduates of that school were forced to emigrate and develop their creativity on other continent, becoming famous masters in the world (V. Bobrytsky, B. Tsybis). At the same time, the teachers of the school under the leadership of its director, a former student of I. Ryepin’s at St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, O. Lyubimov managed to preserve the best traditions of serious academic training in that era of uncertainty about the further development of art education. These best achievements were inherited by the higher art education of Kharkiv, whose centennial anniversary will be celebrated in September 1921. The teachers of the Art School, who themselves joined the innovative pursuits of their time, did not interfere with the “cubofuturistic” preferences of their students, which became a new sign of stylistic changes in art. Subsequently, both supporters of traditions and innovators worked together in the system of higher art education in Kharkiv. But this is the subject of some further research.
Transition to Metamodernism: Anthropology of Space
Authors:   Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts, Artemenko Andrii
Published: March 2021

The article presents the evolution of views on the state of contemporary culture in the framework of postmodern and metamodern concepts. The relevance of this study is associated with the formation of a new attitude to visuality in the metamodern concept. The proposed approach demonstrates a new principle of working with the phenomenon of visualization, both in terms of detail and generalization. The author explores the concept of a loft-style in the context of general trends in visual practices during the transition from the postmodern culture to the metamodern one. The analysis of the loft aesthetics makes it possible to see the development of postmodernism as a common worldview paradigm of the late twentieth century. In turn, changes in the loft-style technique become markers of the transition to the metamodern. The loft object demonstrates the layering of senses and meanings, historical eras and aesthetic preferences. The loft style reflects the influence of aesthetic, technical and communicative preferences on the formation of a specific human-environment paradigm. A comparison of the loft-style and the collage art practices allows to make definite conclusions as to the post-modern art space practice and its implementation in an urban concept. This appears as a single process of the postmodern paradigm development realized on a different scale. The loft and art collage techniques of the last quarter of the 20th century served as the basis for the metamodern technology of constructing the historicity (authenticity) of the environment. At the same time, an important moment of space is the entourage of authenticity, combined with cutting-edge urban technology. Metamodern understands the visual image as a phenomenon of consciousness, inscribed in the complex system of interactions, where physicality, sociality, psychology, and other anthropological projections are viewed as conditions, not as the means of expressing meanings. The article proposes the original approach to the phenomenon of visualization: visual image is presented as a result of the formation of a complex semiotic system which reflects the experience of the multi-level spatial environment.
KECANDUAN MEDIA SOSIAL (FoMO) PADA GENERASI MILENIAL
Authors: Aisafitri Lira , Yusriyah Kiayati
Published: March 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas mengenai “Kecanduan Media Sosial (FoMO) Pada Generasi Milenial”, dimana Generasi Milenial paling aktif menggunakan media sosial sehingga mempengaruhi gaya hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari kecanduan media sosial atau disebut dengan sindrom FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) pada generasi milenial di kota Depok. Teori yang digunakan teori Determinasi Diri untuk melihat dampak seperti apa saja yang timbul pada diri Generasi Milenial yang mengalami kecanduan media sosial (FoMO). Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, dimana teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa Milenial yang mengalami kecanduan media sosial (FoMO) memiliki dampak positif dan negatif pada kehidupan sehari-hari mereka, dimana dengan kecanduan media sosial menjadikan diri mereka selalu terupgrade dengan informasi-informasi terbaru yang secara tidak langsung membuat diri mereka memiliki motivasi untuk melakukan suatu hal. Kata Kunci: Fear of Missing Out; Fenomenologi; Kecanduan Media Sosial; Milenial; Sindrom FoMO. AbstractThis research discusses “Social Media Addiction (FoMO) in Millennial Generation, where Millennial Generation is most actively using social media so that it affects their lifestyle. This study aims to determine the impact of social media addiction or the so-called FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) syndrome on the millennial generation in Depok. The theory used by the Self-Determination theory is to see what kind of impacts arise on Millennials who experience social media addiction (FoMO). This research uses qualitative research with a phenomenological approach, where the data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study found that millennial of social media addiction (FoMO) have a positive and negative impact on their daily lives, in which social media addiction allows themselves to be constantly uplifted with new information that indirectly gives themselves the motivation to do something. Keywords: Fear of Missing Out; Phenomenology; Social Media Addiction; Millennial; FoMO Syndrome.
ANALISIS FAKTOR PEMBENTUK KEPUASAN MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS DIAN NUSWANTORO
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad Noor , Purnamasari Devi
Published: March 2021

AbstrakUniversitas Dian Nuswantoro (Udinus) adalah universitas swasta yang unggul di bidang Teknologi Informasi. Pengembangan sistem layanan selalu dikembangkan oleh Lembaga Pendidikan Tinggi, termasuk pengembangan infrastruktur. Hal ini dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan dapat memberikan kepuasan kepada mahasiswa, sebagai pengguna layanan. Kepuasan pelanggan dalam tataran komunikasi pemasaran adalah perasaan yang muncul dalam diri pelanggan ketika produk atau layanan yang diperoleh sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Dalam praktiknya, Udinus masih menerima keluhan dari siswa mengenai sistem administrasi online yang sering mengalami gangguan ketika mengisi KRS (Kartu Rencana Studi). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang membentuk kepuasan siswa dan dapat digunakan sebagai dasar untuk mengembangkan sistem layanan. Variabel asli yang digunakan adalah variabel kepuasan siswa yang diusulkan oleh Al-Dulaimi (2017), mencakup penilaian, keterlibatan siswa, bimbingan, kurikulum, dan fasilitas. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif eksploratif. Analisis faktor dijadikan metode utama dalam mencari faktor-faktor kepuasan mahasiswa Udinus. Data diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner menggunakan google docs kepada 201 mahasiswa Udinus yang mewakili setiap program studi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat empat faktor yang terbentuk yang mampu menjelaskan lima variabel asli dan merupakan faktor pembentuk kepuasan mahasiswa Udinus. Keempat faktor tersebut adalah kenyamanan, sentuhan pribadi, lingkungan belajar, dan bimbingan. Faktor yang paling dominan menjelaskan variabel asal adalah kenyamanan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan mampu berkontribusi dalam peningkatan pelayanan Udinus demi meningkatkan kepuasan mahasiswanya. Kata Kunci: Komunikasi perusahaan; kepuasan pelanggan; analisis factor; udinus
Ministerial Stipend Cross Subsidy in the United Free Church of Scotland
Authors: Sawkins John W. , Bailey Em
Published: March 2021

In this paper we offer a detailed analysis of the extent, direction and evolution of ministerial stipend cross subsidies at differing levels of granularity in the United Free Church of Scotland between 1909 and 1929; from the Church's establishment of a single Central Fund, to its union with the Church of Scotland. By focussing on aggregate flows of money in support of the Church's key employees, we throw new light not only on the question of the extent to which the United Free Church's national provision of the ordinances of religion was dependant on financial transfers, but also the wider challenge of bringing two culturally distinct ecclesiastical bodies together. 1
Heritors, Patrons and Ministers: the Patronage Dispute of Rayne, Aberdeenshire, 1743–4
Authors: Mutch Alistair
Published: March 2021

The contested settlement at Rayne, Aberdeenshire in 1743–4 is set in the context of a number of intersecting factors. While intra-elite disputes are an important part of the contest, account needs to be taken of the history of patronage disputes in the presbytery of Garioch in the years following 1712. An important consideration was the challenge of episcopalianism, with the presbytery seeing itself as a bulwark against the manipulation of patronage by episcopalian or Jacobite gentry. Disputes at Oyne in 1728 and Culsalmond in 1734 show how the tensions between presbytery and heritors could rouse popular involvement. However, they also indicate how such involvement was constrained by threats of elite coercion. The contest at Rayne resulted in the success of a candidate who added to the more ‘polite’ wing of the presbytery and in turn shaped the response to patronage. Presbytery turned from contesting presentations to acting to facilitate them.
The Response of the Auld Kirk in Haddington to the Disruption
Authors: Dutton David
Published: March 2021

This article will provide a case study of how the Auld Kirk in Haddington responded to the Disruption of 1843. It will show that despite the diversification of the church in the burgh during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, in 1843 the Church of Scotland was by far the largest denomination and that, despite two ministers and just under 500 members ‘coming out’, it retained its dominance during the remainder of the nineteenth century. This article will identify a number of factors which enabled the established church in Haddington to respond effectively to the Disruption, including the speed with which it reacted to the events of 1843; the reluctance of parishioners to leave the ancient parish church of St Mary's; the relative weakness of other denominations in the town; its ability to attract able and energetic ministers; and, its willingness to pursue a form of ‘territorial ministry’.
NILAI-NILAI ISLAM PADA MODEL SDM MENUJU ERA SOCIETY 5.0 STUDI KASUS BNI SYARIAH
Authors: Pasaribu Popy Novita
Published: March 2021

Makalah ini bertujuan untuk melihat model SDM dengan peubah nilai-nilai Islami, pemaknaan sholat, budaya perusahaan dan kinerja SDM dengan pendekatan kepuasan kerja dan komitmen pekerja pada era masyarakat 5.0. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengambil Bank BNI Syariah sebagai studi kasus dengan 100 responden untuk melihat hubungan antar peubah menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Penelitian memberikan hasil dimana nilai-nilai Islami berpengaruh positif dan nyata terhadap pemaknaan sholat, budaya perusahaan dan kinerja SDM. Adapun pemaknaan sholat tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap budaya perusahaan begitu juga kepuasan kerja tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap komitmen pekerja.  Nilai-nilai Islami pada model SDM memberikan implikasi bahwa nilai-nilai Islami dapat meraih harapan tujuan era masyarakat 5.0 yaitu peningkatan kualitas hidup.
Invandrarnas yrkesutbildning och sysselsättning i Finland
Authors: Lasonen Johanna , Teräs Marianne , Cools Carine
Published: March 2021

In Finland, immigration has increased in recent decades. An equal quality of life and position for immigrants is a vocational and social challenge. In our article, we examine the challenges adult immigrants face in Finland regarding the recognition of professional qualifications, skills and employment and their children's access to education. As a result, we have two different points of view: adults in working life and young people in school transitions. The research materials were collected through interviews and surveys. The results suggest that adult immigrants usually have their skills recognised in the labour market only when the person obtains an overlapping or supplementary vocational training in Finland. Adolescents’ school transitions are tied to at least three types of factors: the young people themselves, issues related to the community, and services offered by society. The authorities reiterated the importance of language skills, the motivation, and community services, while the young people promoted the social community: the importance of friends and families. The results highlight the importance of cooperation between the authorities, homes and young people so that young people can receive support at special stages in their lives.
Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Matter Mobilized From Eroding Permafrost Controls Microbial Community Composition and Growth in Arctic Coastal Zones
Authors: Bruhn Anders Dalhoff , Stedmon Colin A. , Comte Jérôme , Matsuoka Atsushi , Speetjens Niek Jesse , Tanski George , Vonk Jorien E. , Sjöstedt Johanna
Published: March 2021

Climate warming is accelerating erosion along permafrost-dominated Arctic coasts. This results in the additional supply of organic matter (OM) and nutrients into the coastal zone. In this study we investigate the impact of coastal erosion on the marine microbial community composition and growth rates in the coastal Beaufort Sea. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from three representative glacial deposit types (fluvial, lacustrine, and moraine) along the Yukon coastal plain, Canada, were used as substrate to cultivate marine bacteria using a chemostat setup. Our results show that DOM composition (inferred from UV-Visible spectroscopy) and biodegradability (inferred from DOC concentration, bacterial production and respiration) significantly differ between the three glacial deposit types. DOM derived from fluvial and moraine types show clear terrestrial characteristics with low aromaticity (Sr: 0.63 ± 0.02 and SUVA254: 1.65 ± 0.06 L mg C−1 m−1 & Sr: 0.68 ± 0.01 and SUVA254: 1.17 ± 0.06 L mg C−1 m−1, respectively) compared to the lacustrine soil type (Sr: 0.71 ± 0.02 and SUVA254: 2.15 ± 0.05 L mg C−1 m−1). The difference in composition of DOM leads to the development of three different microbial communities. Whereas Alphaproteobacteria dominate in fluvial and lacustrine deposit types (67 and 87% relative abundance, respectively), Gammaproteobacteria is the most abundant class for moraine deposit type (88% relative abundance). Bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) is 66% for DOM from moraine deposit type, while 13 and 28% for DOM from fluvial and lacustrine deposit types, respectively. The three microbial communities therefore differ strongly in their net effect on DOM utilization depending on the eroded landscape type. The high BGE value for moraine-derived DOM is probably caused by a larger proportion of labile colorless DOM. These results indicate that the substrate controls marine microbial community composition and activities in coastal waters. This suggests that biogeochemical changes in the Arctic coastal zone will depend on the DOM character of adjacent deposit types, which determine the speed and extent of DOM mineralization and thereby carbon channeling into the microbial food web. We conclude that marine microbes strongly respond to the input of terrestrial DOM released by coastal erosion and that the landscape type differently influence marine microbes.
Structural Features and Evolution of the Northwestern Sichuan Basin: Insights From Discrete Numerical Simulations
Authors: Xu Wenqiao , Yin Hongwei , Jia Dong , Li Changsheng , Wang Wei , Yang Gengxiong , He Wanhui , Chen Zhuxin , Ren Rong
Published: March 2021

The northwestern Sichuan Basin has experienced Meso-Cenozoic intracontinental compressional tectonic processes and formed multi-detachment stratigraphic distribution of foreland basins and fold-thrust belts, which have caused complicated structural deformations in the deep buried layers. Rapid uplift with accelerated erosion and two sets of detachments in the Lower Triassic and Lower Cambrian controlled the multilevel deformation structure. We conducted discrete numerical simulations with double weak detachments and erosion under extrusion conditions in order to examine the mechanics and kinematics of the frontalpiedmont zones of the NW Sichuan Basin. The following findings were made. (1) With continuous compression, the weak detachments promoted the decoupled and ladder-like deformation of the thrust belt, where the deformation above the slip layer extended further than it did below it. Rapid uplift and erosion at the thrust front contributed to the formation of a passive roof fault and a monocline in the upper layer, a series of forward and backward thin-skinned thrust-buried structures in the middle layer sandwiched between two weak detachments and stacking structures in the lower layer. (2) Erosion effectively prevents the deformation from propagating above the upper detachment, but can advance a horizontal transition in the deformation style generated within the middle brittle layer: from oblique and tight fault propagation folds to symmetrical, wide, and gentle detachment folds. (3) The model results consistent with tectonic deformation in the NW Sichuan Basin indicate a possible evolutionary mechanism under compression. There is hierarchical deformation of uncoordinated contraction controlled by the Lower Triassic and Early Cambrian weak layers, with the characteristics of the shallow monocline, the middle thin-skinned thrusts, and the deeper basement-involved folds. Continuous compression contributed a sequential pattern of steps as a whole, from the frontalpiedmont zones to the foreland basin, autochthonous stacking thrusts, and the huge buried structure in the NW Sichuan Basin. During the Himalayan period, syntectonic erosion along with the uplifted thrust front maintained the development of a passive-roof duplex and a huge forward buried structure.
Downregulation of hsa_circ_0004543 Activates oxLDL-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis
Authors: Han Lu , Li Dandan , Hang Yanwen , Zong Xiaojuan , Lv Jiashun , Bai Xiaolu , Lu Yi , Zhang Peng , Zhou Meiling , Wu Zhaodi , Hu Wei
Published: March 2021

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs, which show abnormal expression in several diseases, such as atherosclerosis (AS). The purpose of the present study was to reveal the association between hsa_circ_0004543 and AS. In the present study, hsa_circ_0004543 was overexpressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Inhibition of hsa_circ_0004543 expression facilitated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HUVECs and significantly reduced their apoptotic rate following treatment with oxLDL. Furthermore, silencing of hsa_circ_0004543 activated the PI3K/AKT/NOS3 pathway in oxLDL-induced HUVECs. Collectively, these results demonstrated that hsa_circ_0004543 may play a vital role in the development of AS and affect the proliferation of HUVECs, providing a potential target for treating endothelial cell damage in AS.
Of Lymph Nodes and CLL Cells: Deciphering the Role of CCR7 in the Pathogenesis of CLL and Understanding Its Potential as Therapeutic Target
Authors: Cuesta-Mateos Carlos , Brown Jennifer R. , Terrón Fernando , Muñoz-Calleja Cecilia
Published: March 2021

The lymph node (LN) is an essential tissue for achieving effective immune responses but it is also critical in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Within the multitude of signaling pathways aberrantly regulated in CLL the homeostatic axis composed by the chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands is the main driver for directing immune cells to home into the LN. In this literature review, we address the roles of CCR7 in the pathophysiology of CLL, and how this chemokine receptor is of critical importance to develop more rational and effective therapies for this malignancy.
Growth on Formic Acid Is Dependent on Intracellular pH Homeostasis for the Thermoacidophilic Methanotroph Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1
Authors: Carere Carlo R. , Hards Kiel , Wigley Kathryn , Carman Luke , Houghton Karen M. , Cook Gregory M. , Stott Matthew B.
Published: March 2021

Members of the genusMethylacidiphilum, a clade of metabolically flexible thermoacidophilic methanotrophs from the phylum Verrucomicrobia, can utilize a variety of substrates including methane, methanol, and hydrogen for growth. However, despite sequentially oxidizing methane to carbon dioxideviamethanol and formate intermediates, growth on formate as the only source of reducing equivalents (i.e., NADH) has not yet been demonstrated. In many acidophiles, the inability to grow on organic acids has presumed that diffusion of the protonated form (e.g., formic acid) into the cell is accompanied by deprotonation prompting cytosolic acidification, which leads to the denaturation of vital proteins and the collapse of the proton motive force. In this work, we used a combination of biochemical, physiological, chemostat, and transcriptomic approaches to demonstrate thatMethylacidiphilumsp. RTK17.1 can utilize formate as a substrate when cells are able to maintain pH homeostasis. Our findings show thatMethylacidiphilumsp. RTK17.1 grows optimally with a circumneutral intracellular pH (pH 6.52 ± 0.04) across an extracellular range of pH 1.5–3.0. In batch experiments, formic acid addition resulted in no observable cell growth and cell death due to acidification of the cytosol. Nevertheless, stable growth on formic acid as the only source of energy was demonstrated in continuous chemostat cultures (D = 0.0052 h−1, td= 133 h). During growth on formic acid, biomass yields remained nearly identical to methanol-grown chemostat cultures when normalized per mole electron equivalent. Transcriptome analysis revealed the key genes associated with stress response: methane, methanol, and formate metabolism were differentially expressed in response to growth on formic acid. Collectively, these results show formic acid represents a utilizable source of energy/carbon to the acidophilic methanotrophs within geothermal environments. Findings expand the known metabolic flexibility of verrucomicrobial methanotrophs to include organic acids and provide insight into potential survival strategies used by these species during methane starvation.
The Immune System in Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury Prevention and Therapy: Update and Perspective
Authors: Guo Kai , Ma Shuxuan
Published: March 2021

As an initiator of respiratory distress, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is regarded as one of the rare complications associated with transfusion medicine. However, to date, the pathogenesis of TRALI is still unclear, and specific therapies are unavailable. Understanding the mechanisms of TRALI may promote the design of preventive and therapeutic strategies. The immune system plays vital roles in reproduction, development and homeostasis. Sterile tissue damage, such as physical trauma, ischemia, or reperfusion injury, induces an inflammatory reaction that results in wound healing and regenerative mechanisms. In other words, in addition to protecting against pathogens, the immune response may be strongly associated with TRALI prevention and treatment through a variety of immunomodulatory strategies to inhibit excessive immune system activation. Immunotherapy based on immune cells or immunological targets may eradicate complications. For example, IL-10 therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy to explore further. This review will focus on ultramodern advances in our understanding of the potential role of the immune system in TRALI prevention and treatment.
Influence of Rearing Environment on Longitudinal Brain Development, Object Recognition Memory, and Exploratory Behaviors in the Domestic Pig (Sus scrofa)
Authors: Fil Joanne E. , Joung Sangyun , Hayes Courtney A. , Dilger Ryan N.
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Over the last 40 years, the domestic pig has emerged as a prominent preclinical model as this species shares similarities with humans with regard to immunity, gastrointestinal physiology, and neurodevelopment. Artificial rearing of pigs provides a number of advantages over conventional rearing (i.e., true maternal care), including careful control of nutrient intake and environment conditions. Yet there remains a gap in knowledge when comparing brain development between sow-reared and artificially reared domestic pigs. Thus, our research sought to model brain development and assess recognition memory in a longitudinal manner by directly comparing rearing environments.

Methods

Forty-four intact (i.e., not castrated) male pigs were artificially reared or sow-reared from postnatal day 2 until postnatal week 4. After postnatal week 4, all pigs were housed in a group setting within the same environment until postnatal week 24. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on pigs at 8 longitudinal time-points to model developmental trajectories of brain macrostructural and microstructural outcomes. Additionally, pigs behavior were tested using the novel object recognition task at postnatal weeks 4 and 8.

Results

Throughout the 24-week study, no differences between rearing groups were noted in weekly body weights, average growth and feed intake patterns, or feed efficiency. Whole brain, gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid growth patterns also did not differ between pigs assigned to different early-life rearing environments. Moreover, minimal differences in regional absolute volumes and fractional anisotropy developmental trajectories were identified, though artificially reared pigs exhibited higher initial rates of myelination in multiple brain regions compared with sow-reared pigs. Furthermore, behavioral assessment at both PNW 4 and 8 suggested little influence of rearing environment on recognition memory, however, an age-dependent increase in object recognition memory was observed in the sow-reared group.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that early-life rearing environment influences the rate of development in some brain regions but has little influence on overall brain growth and object recognition memory and exploratory behaviors in the domestic pig. Artificial rearing may promote maturation in certain brain areas but does not appear to elicit long-term effects in outcomes including brain structure or object recognition memory.
Investigation of a Novel Deep Learning-Based Computed Tomography Perfusion Mapping Framework for Functional Lung Avoidance Radiotherapy
Authors: Ren Ge , Lam Sai-kit , Zhang Jiang , Xiao Haonan , Cheung Andy Lai-yin , Ho Wai-yin , Qin Jing , Cai Jing
Published: March 2021

Functional lung avoidance radiation therapy aims to minimize dose delivery to the normal lung tissue while favoring dose deposition in the defective lung tissue based on the regional function information. However, the clinical acquisition of pulmonary functional images is resource-demanding, inconvenient, and technically challenging. This study aims to investigate the deep learning-based lung functional image synthesis from the CT domain. Forty-two pulmonary macro-aggregated albumin SPECT/CT perfusion scans were retrospectively collected from the hospital. A deep learning-based framework (including image preparation, image processing, and proposed convolutional neural network) was adopted to extract features from 3D CT images and synthesize perfusion as estimations of regional lung function. Ablation experiments were performed to assess the effects of each framework component by removing each element of the framework and analyzing the testing performances. Major results showed that the removal of the CT contrast enhancement component in the image processing resulted in the largest drop in framework performance, compared to the optimal performance (~12%). In the CNN part, all the three components (residual module, ROI attention, and skip attention) were approximately equally important to the framework performance; removing one of them resulted in a 3–5% decline in performance. The proposed CNN improved ~4% overall performance and ~350% computational efficiency, compared to the U-Net model. The deep convolutional neural network, in conjunction with image processing for feature enhancement, is capable of feature extraction from CT images for pulmonary perfusion synthesis. In the proposed framework, image processing, especially CT contrast enhancement, plays a crucial role in the perfusion synthesis. This CTPM framework provides insights for relevant research studies in the future and enables other researchers to leverage for the development of optimized CNN models for functional lung avoidance radiation therapy.
The Genome-Wide EMS Mutagenesis Bias Correlates With Sequence Context and Chromatin Structure in Rice
Authors: Yan Wei , Deng Xing Wang , Yang Chengwei , Tang Xiaoyan
Published: March 2021

Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is a chemical mutagen believed to mainly induce G/C to A/T transitions randomly in plant genomes. However, mutant screening for phenotypes often gets multiple alleles for one gene but no mutant for other genes. We investigated the potential EMS mutagenesis bias and the possible correlations with sequence context and chromatin structure using the whole genome resequencing data collected from 52 rice EMS mutants. We defined the EMS-induced single nucleotide polymorphic sites (SNPs) and explored the genomic factors associated with EMS mutagenesis bias. Compared with natural SNPs presented in the Rice3K project, EMS showed a preference on G/C sites with flanking sequences also higher in GC contents. The composition of local dinucleotides and trinucleotides was also associated with the efficiency of EMS mutagenesis. The biased distribution of EMS-induced SNPs was positively correlated with CpG numbers, transposable element contents, and repressive epigenetic markers but negatively with gene expression, the euchromatin marker DNase I hypersensitive sites, and active epigenetic markers, suggesting that sequence context and chromatin structure might correlate with the efficiency of EMS mutagenesis. Exploring the genome-wide features of EMS mutagenesis and correlations with epigenetic modifications will help in the understanding of DNA repair mechanism.