bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Convergent Two‐Step Synthetic Approaches to the Pancratistatin Framework
Authors: Di Iulio Gemma A. , Mahon Mary F. , Caggiano Lorenzo
Published: August 2022

Pancratistatin and narciclasine are natural products that display potent and selective antiproliferative activity against various cancer cells. We explore convergent synthetic routes to access the pancratistatin framework in just two steps, without the need for metal catalysis or activated substrates via a common indanone intermediate. The indanone is synthesised by intermolecular Friedel‐Crafts acylation with trifluoroacetic acid anhydride (TFAA), by two alternative routes, and then undergoes a Schmidt reaction with TFA to generate the pancratistatin core. This concise approach offers the possibility of generating various pancratistatin analogues for further development.
Rapid and Multimaterial 4D Printing of Shape‐Morphing Micromachines for Narrow Micronetworks Traversing
Authors: Xin Chen , Jin Dongdong , Li Rui , Wang Dawei , Ren Zhongguo , Liu Bingrui , Chen Chao , Li Longfu , Liu Shunli , Xu Bing , Zhang Yachao , Hu Yanlei , Li Jiawen , Zhang Li , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru
Published: August 2022

Micromachines with high environmental adaptability have the potential to deliver targeted drugs in complex biological networks, such as digestive, neural, and vascular networks. However, the low processing efficiency and single processing material of current 4D printing methods often limit the development and application of shape‐morphing micromachines (SMMs). Here, two 4D printing strategies are proposed to fabricate SMMs with pH‐responsive hydrogels for complex micro‐networks traversing. On the one hand, the 3D vortex light single exposure technique can rapidly fabricate a tubular SMM with controllable size and geometry within 0.1 s. On the other hand, the asymmetric multimaterial direct laser writing (DLW) method is used to fabricate SMMs with designable 3D structures composed of hydrogel and platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). Based on the presence of ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) and Pt NPs in the SMMs, efficient magnetic, bubble, and hybrid propulsion modes are achieved. Finally, it is demonstrated that the spatial shape conversion capabilities of these SMMs can be used for narrow micronetworks traversing, which will find potential applications in targeted cargo delivery in microcapillaries.
Passivating the Interfacial Chemical Reaction via Self‐Assembly Layer for Efficient and Stable Inverted Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Lin , You Wen , Xie Cong , Zheng Haolan , Han Liangjing , Zhou Dan , Jin Yingzhi , Song Jiaxing , Yin Xinxing , Su Zhen , Zhou Yinhua , Li Zaifang
Published: August 2022

The popular nonfullerene acceptors readily react with the amine group‐containing low‐work‐function interfacial layer (polyethylenimine [PEI] or polyethylenimine ethoxylated [PEIE]), leading a severe “S” shape in the current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics of the nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a novel strategy is proposed to passivate this detrimental interfacial chemical reaction. Phenol (Ph) is anchored on the surface of PEI to form a thin and dense self‐assembly layer, which can avoid a direct contact between the PEI and active layer. Moreover, the formed PEI–Ph bilayer cathode interface layer (CIL) can still low the work function of the bottom electrode. As a result, significant enhancement of the device performance is obtained for the PEI–Ph CIL‐based nonfullerene OSCs and the “S” shapes in the J–V characteristics are removed. After Ph anchoring on the surface of PEI, the power conversion efficiencies are increased from 2.46% to 11.97% for the PTB7‐Th:IEICO‐4F active layer system and from 6.09% to 16.34% for the PM6:Y6 system, respectively. More importantly, the PEI–Ph CIL‐based device displays a superior long‐term and illumination stability.
Fluorosubstitution Boosting 2D Ruddlesden–Popper CsPbI3 with High Stability and Efficiency
Authors: Shi Chang , Li Zhizai , Kang Kaiyuan , Zhou Xufeng , Wang Haoxu , Yao Huanhuan , Zhang Hong , Wang Qian , Jin Zhiwen
Published: August 2022

Bulky organic cations exhibit significant roles in improving the phase stability of CsPbI3 by reducing its dimension with higher steric hindrance. However, the insulative properties of organic cations impede the carrier transition and damage the device performance. Herein, a new aromatic cation of 4‐fluorobenzenaminium (FPA+) in the 2D CsPbI3 to act as a spacer cation, is reported. Based on the theoretical simulation and experimental characterization for materials properties, film quality, and device performance, the large dipole moment and electronic inductive effect of FPA+ cations improve the hydrogen bond between H and I atoms, which is beneficial to realizing controllable crystallization quality. Therefore, the whole quality of 2D CsPbI3 film is improved with a larger grain size, compact morphology, and low trap density. As a result, the (FPA)2Cs4Pb5I16 perovskite solar cell delivers a power conversion efficiency of 15.18%, significantly higher than that of PA‐based (14.32%) perovskite solar cells. Herein, an in‐depth understanding of fluoro‐substituted organic cations is provided and is beneficial to the design and synthesis of new organic molecules in 2D perovskite.
Perfect secret sharing schemes from combinatorial squares
Authors: Saurabh Shyam , Sinha Kishore
Published: August 2022

Chaudhryet al.proposed perfect secret sharing schemes from combinatorial squares called Room squares based on certain balanced incomplete block designs. Their protocol is efficient and secure but it is based on a Room square of orderrwhich exists if and only ifris odd andr ≠ 3, 5. Here, we have proposed the schemes from Room squares based on group divisible designs which are a broader class of designs.
Functional holism of systems
Authors: Jackson Scott
Published: August 2022

This research note presents an approach to assure that a system meets the basic property of holism. Holism is the principle that the whole is different from, and may be greater than, the sum of its rationally separable parts. This approach suggested in this research note focuses on the functions of the system and on the parts of the system. The approach incorporates the basic property of a system, namely, its hierarchy, and the functions, requirements and solutions for each layer of the hierarchy. The approach then integrates the system layers through their primary property, their functions. The premise of the paper is that a system is holistic if its functions are integrated into a single set of functions. This approach is consistent with the accepted concept of the systems approach because it incorporates the basic system concepts of functions and hierarchy and integrates those with the accepted properties of requirements and solutions. The approach is grounded in practicality because it provides a methodology to show that any real‐world system meets the criterion of holism. The approach is applicable to physical systems, abstract systems and systems of systems.
Extrapolation in parametric models with Laplace measurement error
Authors: Shi Jianhong , Guo Linruo , Bai Xiuqin , Song Weixing
Published: August 2022

For general parametric statistical models with some variables being contaminated with the Laplace measurement error, we propose an extrapolation algorithm to estimate the unknown parameters. By applying the conditional expectation directly to the target function, either the function to be optimized or an estimation equation, the proposed algorithm successfully bypasses the simulation step in the classical simulation extrapolation procedure and thus provides a viable alternative to the classical simulation extrapolation algorithm. Large sample properties of the resulting estimator are discussed. Finite sample performance of the proposed extrapolation estimation procedure is demonstrated by examples and numerical simulation studies.
Avian flu: is vaccination the answer?
Authors: Loeb Josh
Published: August 2022

Following months of unprecedented highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in the Northern hemisphere, including in the UK, experts believe the time may have come for a step change in how Europe tackles the disease. Josh Loeb reports
British Veterinary Association Annual General Meeting
Authors: Thorpe Derek
Published: August 2022

image

The 2022 Annual General Meeting of the British Veterinary Association will be held at Clare College, Cambridge, on Thursday 29 September 2022 at 16:15. Please visit www.bva.co.uk/ events to register your attendance.
The mathematical model for heat transfer optimization of Carreau fluid conveying magnetized nanoparticles over a permeable surface with activation energy using response surface methodology
Authors: Fayyadh Mohammed M. , Basavarajappa Mahanthesh , Hashim Ishak , Mackolil Joby , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Roslan Rozaini , Allaw Durgham
Published: August 2022

The sensitivity analysis and response surface methodology (RSM) is performed for the key parameters governed by the magneto‐flow and heat transport of the Carreau nanofluids model toward a stretching/shrinking surface in the presences Arrhenius activation energy and chemical reaction. Nanofluid that displayed Brownian motion and thermophoresis was considered with the permeable condition. The effects of different physical parameters were analyzed by employing appropriate similarity transformations in nonlinear partial differential equations and converted to the dimensionless system of ordinary differential equations. The finite difference method in bvp4c code solves the equations numerically. Associated parameters are presented graphically and interpreted against local Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and skin friction coefficient. An increase in the activation energy factor leads to increased concentration in permeable flow. The higher the activation energy lower the temperature and causes the reaction rate constant to decrease. In addition, it slows down the chemical reaction and increases the concentration characteristics. The increase of radiation and Prandtl number leads to an increase in heat transfer for the permeable surface. Furthermore, the Schmidt number and the binary reaction rate parameter increase the mass transfer for suction/injection flow. As a result, the Nusselt number's highest sensitivity is the Eckert number and the lowest to the thermophoresis parameter. The Sherwood number's positive sensitivity is observed for the Eckert number and Brownian motion parameter, whereas negatively sensitive to thermophoresis.
Numerical analysis of gyrotactic microorganisms in MHD radiative Eyring–Powell nanofluid across a static/moving wedge with Soret and Dufour effects
Authors: Reddy C. Srinivas , Ali Farhan , Al‐Farhany Khaled , Sridhar W.
Published: August 2022

The proposed mathematical analysis intends to investigate the behavior of gyrotactic microorganisms to depict their significance in heat and mass transfer in unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) radiative Eyring–Powell nanofluid passing through a static/moving wedge. The Roseland nonlinear approximation was devised to incorporate solar radiation features into the energy equation, while the concept of gyrotactic microorganisms is used to govern the random movement of suspended nanoparticles. Additionally, the most recently revised model for nanofluid is used, which combines Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. Through a convenient similarity method, the highly nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) with the auxiliary conditions have been translated into ordinary differential equations (ODEs)  The altered equations are then utilized numerically via the spectral linearization method. Tables and graphs are used to demonstrate the influence of physical parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile microorganisms’ density profiles as well as the friction factor and Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and the motile density organism. It is noticed that fluid parameters decrease the velocity profile also enhanced the static and moving wedge. Moreover, a larger value of bioconvection Lewis number and Peclet number deprecates the motile density profiles. A comparison of current outcomes has been obtained with previous literature and is seen to be highly satisfactory.
Biomaterials for Ureteral Stents: Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Pacheco Margarida , Silva Joana M. , Aroso Ivo M. , Lima Estêvão , Barros Alexandre A. , Reis Rui L.
Published: August 2022

Ureteral stents play a fundamental role in the relief of several symptoms associated with common urinary diseases in the modern society, such as strictures, obstruction or promotion of ureteral healing. Even though ureteral stents have been used for more than 40 years and their performance had a huge development over time, they are still related with complications that include stent encrustation and urinary tract infections. Therefore, efforts from the research community still continue to better meet the clinical needs. Ureteral stent’s materials have a great influence on their efficacy, mostly in terms of mechanical and physicochemical properties. Thus, understanding the stent material’s properties is fundamental to address problems of encrustation, bacterial adhesion, patient discomfort and the troubles during insertion, by working on the softness, flexibility and surface properties of the device.

Considerable progress has been done on ureteral stent’s properties with the aim to meet the clinical problems encountered. Even though this progress does not end up with an ureteral stent without associated complications, it allows to understand the behaviour of different materials and designs in the urologic environment. Indeed, the vast amount of work done and respective outputs have been proven that the different materials can complement each other’s disadvantages, for example, the metals can bear with the high compression that polymeric stents cannot. The goal is to combine the advantages of each material without their associated complications. Therefore, the use of biodegradable materials and combination of different raw materials, together with design adjustments appears to be the future of ureteral stents design.
Nanoparticles. Potential for Use to Prevent Infections
Authors: Filipović Nenad , Tomić Nina , Kuzmanović Maja , Stevanović Magdalena M.
Published: August 2022

One of the major issues related to medical devices and especially urinary stents are infections caused by different strains of bacteria and fungi, mainly in light of the recent rise in microbial resistance to existing antibiotics. Lately, it has been shown that nanomaterials could be superior alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Generally, nanoparticles are used for many applications in the biomedical field primarily due to the ability to adjust and control their physicochemical properties as well as their great reactivity due to the large surface-to-volume ratio. This has led to the formation of a new research field called nanomedicine which can be defined as the use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in diagnostics, imaging, observing, prevention, control, and treatment of diseases. For example, coverings or coatings based on nanomaterials are now seen as a promising strategy for preventing or treating biofilms formation on healthcare kits, implants, and medical devices. Toxicity, inappropriate delivery, or degradation of conventionally used drugs for the treatment of infections may be avoided by using nanoparticles without or with encapsulated/immobilized active substances. Most of the materials which are used and examined for the preparation of the nanoparticles with encapsulated/immobilized active substances or smart reactive nanomaterials with antimicrobial effects are polymers, naturally derived antimicrobials, metal-based and non-metallic materials. This chapter provides an overview of the current state and future perspectives of the nanoparticle-based systems based on these materials for prevention, control, or elimination of biofilm-related infections on urinary stents. It also addresses manufacturing conditions indicating the huge potential for the improvement of existing and development of new promising stent solutions.
Biodegradable Urinary Stents
Authors: Soria Federico , de la Cruz Julia E. , Cepeda Marcos , Serrano Álvaro , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco M.
Published: August 2022

In the twenty-first century, it is difficult to understand that a medical device as widely used as urinary stents require a second medical procedure for removal. Research in the development of biocompatible biodegradable urinary stents (BUS) has been one of the most important research areas of innovation in the urology stent technology. The main characteristics of a BUS are related to its ability to degrade into non-obstructive fragments in a predefined time and to be removed through micturition, after providing an appropriate internal scaffold effect and urinary drainage.

One of the barriers slowing down the progress of research are the lack of agreement betweenin vitroandin vivodegradation rates demonstrated in a large number of experimental studies. Unfortunately, currently the absence of BUSs in clinical practice is mainly due to the complicated degradation rate control, maintenance of mechanical properties and safe urinary excretion of stent fragments. In order to alleviate the weak mechanical properties of degradable biomaterials, research has been started with metallic BUS with very promising results. In this regard, Mg2+and its alloys have been used in in vitro and in vivo studies.

Another area of current research is the emergence of ureteral BUS to provide a new approach for local drug delivery in upper urinary tract. Drugs may be released while the stent is degrading. Although these innovations are still under research, it is foreseeable that in the near future they could be used to improve the lives of patients.
Ureteral Stent Designs to Reduce Stent-Related Symptoms and Improve Patient Quality of Life
Authors: de la Cruz Julia E. , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco M. , Soria Federico
Published: August 2022

Considering the impact on the quality of life of patients caused by double-J stents, different strategies have been developed to improve their performance. The exploration of new ureteral stent designs is one of the main pathways, along with the development of materials and coatings. Innovations on stent design have focused on the improvement of patient comfort by mainly decreasing or suppressing vesicoureteral reflux and reducing bladder trigone irritation. Many of these designs are based on changes at the distal end, such as antireflux stents, tail stents, suture stents and intraureteral stents. The trend is therefore towards the reduction of the presence of stent material at the level of the ureterovesical junction. However, the indications of these new designs do not correspond to those of a standard ureteral stent and may be more limited. This will most likely lead to the development of more specific devices adapted to each of the different indications for stenting, with the aim of avoiding stent-related adverse effects that result from the generalized use of standard designs.
Encrustation in Urinary Stents
Authors: Kram Wolfgang , Buchholz Noor , Hakenberg O. W.
Published: August 2022

Ureteral stent placement is an acute measure to restore the urinary flow from the kidney to the bladder in cases of acute or chronic obstruction or a functional disturbance of ureteral peristalsis. In cases with chronic obstruction and poor prognosis due to surgical or sometimes patient preference, ureteral stenting may be used as a permanent treatment. With long-dwell time ureteral stenting, the problems of stent encrustation, biofilm formation, and bacterial colonization become important. Excessive stent encrustation to stent blockage and, consequently, pain, fever, renal infection, impairment of renal function and even renal failure. Encrustations of urinary stents are due to the crystallization of soluble minerals in urine, predominantly calcium oxalate salts. The quantification of this process is highly individualized. This process can occur without significant bacterial contamination but facilitates the adherence, persistence and multiplication of bacteria in biofilms. Uropathogenic microorganisms are either introduced into the bladder when a stent is inserted, or they migrate into the bladder along a transurethral catheter over time.

Work is underway for new concepts to develop biomaterials with reduced encrustation propensity and biofilm formation. Promising candidates are coated materials with anti-adhesive properties through covalent binding, high hydrophilicity, and good mechanical properties allowing for adequate patient comfort. Taken together, the use of urinary stents or catheters is characterized by three interrelated problems: a tendency for encrustations through the deposition of urinary crystal-forming ions, facilitation of bacterial colonization and persistence despite antibiotic prophylaxis/treatment, and mechanical irritation with resulting reaction of the ureteral tissues.
Conformal and non-conformal hyperloop deformations of the 1/2 BPS circle
Authors: Drukker Nadav , Kong Ziwen , Probst Malte , Tenser Marcia , Trancanelli Diego
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We construct new large classes of BPS Wilson hyperloops in three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 quiver Chern-Simons-matter theory on S3. The main strategy is to start with the 1/2 BPS Wilson loop of this theory, choose any linear combination of the supercharges it preserves, and look for deformations built out of the matter fields that still preserve that supercharge. This is a powerful generalization of a recently developed approach based on deformations of 1/4 and 1/8 BPS bosonic loops, which itself was far more effective at discovering new operators than older methods relying on complicated ansätze. We discover many new moduli spaces of BPS hyperloops preserving varied numbers of supersymmetries and varied subsets of the symmetries of the 1/2 BPS operator. In particular, we find new bosonic operators preserving 2 or 3 supercharges as well as new families of loops that do not share supercharges with any bosonic loops, including subclasses of both 1/8 and 1/4 BPS loops that are conformal.
The cosmological constant as a boundary term
Authors: Buchmüller Wilfried , Dragon Norbert
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We compare the path integral for transition functions in unimodular gravity and in general relativity. In unimodular gravity the cosmological constant is a property of states that are specified at the boundaries whereas in general relativity the cosmological constant is a parameter of the action. Unimodular gravity with a nondynamical background spacetime volume element has a time variable that is canonically conjugate to the cosmological constant. Wave functions depend on time and satisfy a Schrödinger equation. On the contrary, in the covariant version of unimodular gravity with a 3-form gauge field, proposed by Henneaux and Teitelboim, wave functions are time independent and satisfy a Wheeler-DeWitt equation, as in general relativity. The 3-form gauge field integrated over spacelike hypersurfaces becomes a “cosmic time” only in the semiclassical approximation. In unimodular gravity the smallness of the observed cosmological constant has to be explained as a property of the initial state.
Angular momentum of zero-frequency gravitons
Authors: Di Vecchia Paolo , Heissenberg Carlo , Russo Rodolfo
Published: August 2022

Abstract

By following closely Weinberg’s soft theorem, which captures the 1/ω pole contribution to the amplitude for soft graviton emissions (ω < Λ) on top of an arbitrary background hard process, we calculate the expectation value of the graviton’s angular momentum operator for arbitrary collisions dressed with soft radiation. We find that the result becomes independent of the cutoff Λ on the graviton’s frequency, effectively localizing at ω = 0. In this way, our result captures the contribution to the angular momentum that comes from the zero-frequency modes. Like the soft theorem, our formula has an exact dependence on the kinematics of the hard particles and is only a function of their momenta. As an example, we discuss in some detail the case of the 2 → 2 scattering of spinless particles in General Relativity and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity.
Holographic CFT phase transitions and criticality for charged AdS black holes
Authors: Cong Wan , Kubizňák David , Mann Robert B. , Visser Manus R.
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We study the holographic dual of the extended thermodynamics of spherically symmetric, charged AdS black holes in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence. The gravitational thermodynamics of AdS black holes can be extended by allowing for variations of the cosmological constant and Newton’s constant. In the dual CFT this corresponds to including the central charge C and its chemical potential μ as a new pair of conjugate thermodynamic variables, in addition to the standard pairs: temperature vs. entropy (T, S), electric potential vs. charge ($$ \overset{\sim }{\Phi},\overset{\sim }{Q} $$

Φ
~

,

Q
~

) and field theory pressure vs. volume (p,$$ \mathcal{V} $$
V
). For the (grand) canonical ensembles at fixed ($$ \overset{\sim }{Q},\mathcal{V},C $$

Q
~

,
V
,
C
), ($$ \overset{\sim }{\Phi},\mathcal{V},C $$

Φ
~

,
V
,
C
) and ($$ \overset{\sim }{Q},\mathcal{V},\mu $$

Q
~

,
V
,
μ
), based on the holographic dictionary, we argue the CFT description of charged AdS black holes contains either critical phenomena or interesting phase behaviour. In the fixed ($$ \overset{\sim }{Q},\mathcal{V},\mu $$

Q
~

,
V
,
μ
) we find a new zeroth-order phase transition between a high- and low-entropy phase at some μ-dependent temperature. Finally, we point out there is no critical behaviour in the fixed p ensembles, i.e. there is no p − $$ \mathcal{V} $$
V
criticality, and hence the CFT state dual to a classical charged black hole cannot be a Van der Waals fluid. Whether or not this phase structure is supported by CFT computations remains an interesting open question.
Illustrations of integrand-basis building at two loops
Authors: Bourjaily Jacob L. , Langer Cameron , Zhang Yaqi
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We outline the concrete steps involved in building prescriptive master integrand bases for scattering amplitudes beyond the planar limit. We highlight the role of contour choices in such bases, and illustrate the full process by constructing a complete, triangle power-counting basis at two loops for six particles. We show how collinear contour choices can be used to divide integrand bases into separately finite and divergent subspaces, and how double-poles can be used to further subdivide these spaces according to (transcendental) weight. Complete details of the basis constructed for six particles is provided in the supplementary material.
Quarks and gluons in the Lund plane
Authors: Dreyer Frédéric A. , Soyez Gregory , Takacs Adam
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Discriminating quark and gluon jets is a long-standing topic in collider phenomenology. In this paper, we address this question using the Lund jet plane substructure technique introduced in recent years. We present two complementary approaches: one where the quark/gluon likelihood ratio is computed analytically, to single-logarithmic accuracy, in perturbative QCD, and one where the Lund declusterings are used to train a neural network. For both approaches, we either consider only the primary Lund plane or the full clustering tree. The analytic and machine-learning discriminants are shown to be equivalent on a toy event sample resumming exactly leading collinear single logarithms, where the analytic calculation corresponds to the exact likelihood ratio. On a full Monte Carlo event sample, both approaches show a good discriminating power, with the machine-learning models usually being superior. We carry out a study in the asymptotic limit of large logarithm, allowing us to gain confidence that this superior performance comes from effects that are subleading in our analytic approach. We then compare our approach to other quark-gluon discriminants in the literature. Finally, we study the resilience of our quark-gluon discriminants against the details of the event sample and observe that the analytic and machine-learning approaches show similar behaviour.
Complexity via replica trick
Authors: Alishahiha Mohsen , Banerjee Souvik , Kames-King Joshua
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We consider the complexity of a single-sided AdS black hole as modelled by an end-of-the-world brane. In addition we present multi-boundary partition functions and matter correlation functions for such a setting. We compute the complexity using a modified replica trick corresponding to the “quenched geodesic length” in JT gravity. The late time behaviour of complexity shows a saturation to a constant value of order eS0 following a period of linear growth. Furthermore, we show that our approach leads to an improved result for the variance of complexity, namely it being time-independent at late times. We conclude by commenting on the introduction of dynamical end-of-the-world branes.
6D anomaly-free matter spectrum in F-theory on singular spaces
Authors: Grassi Antonella , Halverson James , Long Cody , Shaneson Julius L. , Sung Benjamin , Tian Jiahua
Published: August 2022

Abstract

In this paper we study the 6d localized charged matter spectrum of F-theory directly on a singular elliptic Calabi-Yau 3-fold, i.e. without smoothing via resolution or deformation of the entire fibration. Given only the base surface, discriminant locus, and the SL(2, ℤ) local system, we propose a general prescription for determining the charged matter spectrum localized at intersections of seven-branes, using the technology of string junctions. More precisely, at each codimension-2 collision of seven-branes, we determine the local seven-brane content and compute the number of massless string junctions modulo the action of the SL(2, ℤ) monodromy. We find agreement with the predicted results from 6d anomaly cancellation in all cases considered. Examples include a generic Weierstrass model with arbitrary Kodaira fiber intersecting an I1, as well as cases with jointly charged matter localized at intersections of non-abelian seven-branes.
Atypisches Vorhofflattern
Authors: Kottmaier Marc , Bourier Felix , Busch Sonia , Sommer Philipp , Maurer Tilman , Althoff Till , Shin Dong-In , Duncker David , Johnson Victoria , Estner Heidi , Rillig Andreas , Iden Leon , Tilz Roland , Metzner Andreas , Chun K. R. Julian , Steven Daniel , Jansen Henning , Jadidi Amir , Ewertsen Christian , Reents Tilko
Published: August 2022

Im Gegensatz zum typischen Vorhofflattern handelt es sich beim atypischen Vorhofflattern um eine heterogene Gruppe von rechts- und linksatrialen Makro- bzw. Localized-Reentry-Tachykardien, deren kritischer Bestandteil zur Aufrechterhaltung der Tachykardie nicht der cavotrikuspidale Isthmus ist. Atypisches Vorhofflattern tritt gehäuft nach vorangegangener Katheterablation sowie nach herzchirurgischen Eingriffen auf. Die intraprozedurale Erfolgsrate während der Ablation ist hoch, wobei die Rezidivrate von strukturellen Veränderungen der Vorhöfe sowie des zugrundeliegenden Mechanismus abhängig ist. Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die Mechanismen sowie über Mapping- und Ablationsstrategien der häufigsten Formen von rechts- und linksatrialem atypischem Vorhofflattern. Dieser Beitrag ist Teil der Serie „EP-Basics“ zur gezielten Fortbildung im Bereich Invasive Elektrophysiologie. Grundlagen, Klinik und Therapie des atypischen Vorhofflatterns werden mit Fokus auf klinisch relevante Aspekte dargelegt. Vorgehensweise und Befunde der invasiven elektrophysiologischen Diagnostik und die Ablationsbehandlung bilden den Schwerpunkt dieses Artikels.
Theoriewissen als hilfreiche Fertigkeit in der Psychotherapie?
Authors: Storck Timo
Published: August 2022

Psychotherapeutische Verfahren beruhen auf Psychotherapie-Theorien. Eine offene Frage bleibt dabei, welche Rolle Theorie nicht nur für die, sondern spezifisch in der klinischen Praxis spielt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird entworfen, was unter einer Allgemeinen und einer Spezifischen Theoretischen Psychotherapie verstanden werden kann, und wie sich die damit im Zusammenhang stehende konzeptuelle Kompetenz in der Psychotherapie operationalisieren lässt. Dazu wird auf das Konzept der therapeutischen Arbeitsmodelle zurückgegriffen. Der Einsatz von Theorie in Behandlungen kann einerseits als eine Brücke zum Fallverstehen fungieren, andererseits als ein Graben, der die Arbeit in der therapeutischen Beziehung erschwert. Abschließend werden Ideen zur didaktischen Vermittlung konzeptueller Kompetenz skizziert.
Schätzung der Gewebeabsorption aus medizinischen Ultraschall-Bildern
Authors: Brandner Dinah Maria , Zagar Bernhard G.
Published: August 2022

Ultraschall ist eine sich im Gewebe ausbreitende mechanische Welle, die von den lokal vorherrschenden akusto-mechanischen Gegebenheiten in ihrem Ausbreitungsverhalten beeinflusst wird. Durch geeignete Verarbeitung der rückgestreuten und vom Ultraschallwandler empfangenen Signale kann daher auf Gewebeparameter, wie lokal wirkende Kompressionsmodule, Massendichte, Schallgeschwindigkeit, den isotropen Streukoeffizienten, aber auch auf die lokal wirkende Gewebeabsorption rückgeschlossen werden. Eine Disziplin, die in den letzten Jahren vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit in den wissenschaftlichen Publikationen zur medizinischen Ultraschallbildgebung gefunden hat, ist die Quantitative Ultraschall(QUS)-Analyse. In diesem Beitrag analysieren wir verschiedene Algorithmen zur Schätzung der örtlich hochaufgelösten Gewebeabsorption. Denn es wurde gezeigt, dass die Bereitstellung von farbcodierten Overlays von Absorptionsparametern über die herkömmlichen B‑mode-Ultraschall-Bilder, die ausschließlich die Morphologie darstellen, die diagnostische Qualität wesentlich verbessern kann.
In-plane instability of shallow layered arches with interlayer slip
Authors: Adam Christoph , Ladurner Dominik , Furtmüller Thomas
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a beam theory for predicting limit point buckling and bifurcation buckling of shallow arches composed of two layers flexibly bonded is presented. The flexibility of layer bond results in interlayer slip, which significantly affects the critical transverse loads. The presented theory is based on a layerwise assumption of the Euler–Bernoulli theory and a linear behavior of the interlayer. After establishing the equilibrium equations and boundary conditions, a numerical method for efficient solution of these equations is provided. In a first example, the presented theory is validated by comparative computations with a much more elaborate finite element analysis assuming a plane stress state. In several other examples, the effect of interlayer stiffness, load distribution and boundary conditions on the stable and unstable equilibrium paths of shallow arches with interlayer slip is investigated.
Could Tailored Chirp Stimuli Benefit Measurement of the Supra-threshold Auditory Brainstem Wave-I Response?
Authors: de Boer Jessica , Hardy Alexander , Krumbholz Katrin
Published: August 2022

Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) to broadband clicks are strongly affected by dyssynchrony, or “latency dispersion”, of their frequency-specific cochlear contributions. Optimized chirp stimuli, designed to compensate for cochlear dispersion, can afford substantial increase in broadband ABR amplitudes, particularly for the prominent wave-V deflection. Reports on the smaller wave I, however, which may be useful for measuring cochlear synaptopathy, have been mixed. This study aimed to test previous claims that ABR latency dispersion differs between waves I and V, and between males and females, and thus that using wave- and/or sex-tailored chirps may provide more reliable wave-I benefit. Using the derived-band technique, we measured responses from frequency-restricted (one-octave-wide) cochlear regions to energy-matched click and chirp stimuli. The derived-band responses’ latencies were used to assess any wave- and/or sex-related dispersion differences across bands, and their amplitudes, to evaluate any within-band dispersion differences. Our results suggest that sex-related dispersion difference within the lowest-frequency cochlear regions (< 1 kHz), where dispersion is generally greatest, may be a predominant driver of the often-reported sex difference in broadband ABR amplitude. At the same time, they showed no systematic dispersion difference between waves I and V. Instead, they suggest that reduced chirp benefit on wave I may arise as a result of chirp-induced desynchronization of on- and off-frequency responses generated at the same cochlear places, and resultant reduction in response contributions from higher-frequency cochlear regions, to which wave I is thought to be particularly sensitive.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Automated Directly Observed Therapy for Measurement and Support of PrEP Adherence Among Young Men Who have Sex with Men
Authors: Buchbinder Susan P. , Siegler Aaron J. , Coleman Kenneth , Vittinghoff Eric , Wilde Gretchen , Lockard Annie , Scott Hyman , Anderson Peter L. , Laborde Nicole , van der Straten Ariane , Christie Richard H. , Marlborough Michelle , Liu Albert Y.
Published: August 2022

Measurement of adherence to oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in real-time has been challenging. We developed DOT Diary, a smartphone application that combines automated directly observed therapy with a PrEP adherence visualization toolkit, and tested its ability to measure PrEP adherence and to increase adherence among a diverse cohort of young men who have sex with men (MSM). We enrolled 100 MSM in San Francisco and Atlanta and randomly assigned them 2:1 to DOT Diary versus standard of care. Concordance between DOT Diary measurement and drug levels in dried blood spots was substantial, with 91.0% and 85.3% concordance between DOT Diary and emtricitabine-triphosphate and tenofovir-diphosphate, respectively. There was no significant difference in the proportion of participants with detectable PrEP drug levels at 24 weeks between study arms. These results suggest DOT Diary is substantially better than self-reported measures of adherence, but additional interventions are needed to improve PrEP adherence over time.
Obesity, cancer risk, and time-restricted eating
Authors: Das Manasi , Webster Nicholas J. G.
Published: August 2022

Obesity and the associated metabolic syndrome is considered a pandemic whose prevalence is steadily increasing in many countries worldwide. It is a complex, dynamic, and multifactorial disorder that presages the development of several metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, and increases the risk of cancer. In patients with newly diagnosed cancer, obesity worsens prognosis, increasing the risk of recurrence and decreasing survival. The multiple negative effects of obesity on cancer outcomes are substantial, and of great clinical importance. Strategies for weight control have potential utility for both prevention efforts and enhancing cancer outcomes. Presently, time-restricted eating (TRE) is a popular dietary intervention that involves limiting the consumption of calories to a specific window of time without any proscribed caloric restriction or alteration in dietary composition. As such, TRE is a sustainable long-term behavioral modification, when compared to other dietary interventions, and has shown many health benefits in animals and humans. The preliminary data regarding the effects of time-restricted feeding on cancer development and growth in animal models are promising but studies in humans are lacking. Interestingly, several short-term randomized clinical trials of TRE have shown favorable effects to reduce cancer risk factors; however, long-term trials of TRE have yet to investigate reductions in cancer incidence or outcomes in the general population. Few studies have been conducted in cancer populations, but a number are underway to examine the effect of TRE on cancer biology and recurrence. Given the simplicity, feasibility, and favorable metabolic improvements elicited by TRE in obese men and women, TRE may be useful in obese cancer patients and cancer survivors; however, the clinical implementation of TRE in the cancer setting will require greater in-depth investigation.
Optimizing production levels in maritime inventory routing with load-dependent speed optimization
Authors: Algendi Abdalrahman , Urrutia Sebastián , Hvattum Lars Magnus
Published: August 2022

Maritime inventory routing problems with load-dependent speed optimization involves determining optimal routes, as well as vessel speeds and loads at these routes, so that inventory limits are satisfied at both production and consumption ports. This paper considers a variant where production rates can be selected from several available alternative production levels, as opposed to the normal situation where production rates are chosen a priori. In both cases, production rates remain constant for the duration of the planning horizon. The effect on transportation costs when considering production levels as decision variables is evaluated. The resulting solutions are compared with solutions obtained when production rates are considered as fixed parameters. Computational experiments on a set of benchmark instances from the literature confirm that the process of determining the optimal production levels plays a crucial role in improving the solutions to maritime inventory routing problems with load-dependent speed optimization. Optimizing the production levels can reduce transportation costs by up to 35%.
The best choice for low and moderate myopia patients incapable for corneal refractive surgery: implantation of a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens
Authors: Wang Qin , Fan Lina , Zhou Qizhi
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the early clinical outcomes of central hole phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens(ICLV4c) implantation for low and moderate myopia correction.

Methods

This retrospective clinical study included 27 patients(47 eyes)who underwent ICLV4c implantation to correct myopia with spherical equivalent (SE) between − 1.75D and −6.0D. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), central anterior chamber depth (ACD), vault, and endothelial cell density (ECD) were evaluated after surgery.

Results

At one year follow-up, the postoperative UCVA of patients was higher than the preoperative CDVA and showed a stable trend. There was no significant difference in ECD (p > 0.05) one month after the surgery, the vault was 0.77 ± 0.32 mm, which decreased to 0.63 ± 0.26 mm after one year of surgery. Similarly, ACD was 3.24 ± 0.25 mm in the preoperative, which decreased significantly to 2.05 ± 0.39 mm at one month, while rose to 2.2 ± 0.39 mm at one year after surgery. There was no significant correlation between IOP and ACD and vault at one month and one year after surgery. The correlation coefficient between ACD and vault was found to be − 0.72 at one month after surgery, while the same −0.71 after one year. One patient developed visual fatigue, one with glare, and while no other complications were observed with the rest of the patients.

Conclusion

The ICL implantation is a safe, effective and stable method to correct low and moderate myopia, and may be a good alternative for patients with low and moderate myopia who cannot undergo corneal refractive surgery.
Programming in school technology education: the shaping of a new subject content
Authors: Vinnervik Peter
Published: August 2022

In Sweden, as in many other countries, programming has been added to the curriculum in recent years. This paper explores how and under what conditions programming is transformed into teaching in technology education. Teachers in grade 7–9 were interviewed about what and how they teach about programming in the context of technology education, and what influenced the choices they made. Data was analysed using content analysis. The results suggest that teachers mainly see programming as a medium to explore and understand technological systems and construction work. The results further implies that teachers are uncertain of what programming means in terms of practices and concepts, and how programming knowledge can be assessed. The process of transformation presents teachers with several challenges, related to their own knowledge of programming, quality of teaching materials, and knowing pupils’ prior knowledge about programming. In addition, the results indicate that technology teachers work in isolation. In consequence, the intended interdisciplinary collaboration between technology and mathematics teachers on programming is largely absent.
Drone as a Target of Terrorist Attack and a Weapon Against Terrorism – Analysis in the Light of International Law
Authors: Osiecki Mateusz , Fortońska Agnieszka , Berus Matylda , Włodarczyk Marta
Published: August 2022

Unmanned aircraft vehicles (or “UAVs”) have became a symbol of modernity and development of aviation, both in its civil and military sector. Stronger connection of UAVs with air industry means not only many advantages for air travellers and military forces, but also potential involvement in terrorism. Unmanned aircraft serving civil air transport can become target of terrorist attack. On the other hand, such a device can also be used as a handful weapon in fight against terrorism. The aim of hereby article is to study both such aspects of usage of UAVs from legal perspective in order to answer a question whether provisions of international law currently being in force accurately reflect the reality of fight against terrorism. For that purpose, applied is research based on a method of analysis of relevant legal acts (conventions forming Tokyo-Hague-Montreal-Beijing system and documents related to international humanitarian law) and critical commentary thereto, enriched with practical review of real and current cases involving unmanned aircraft vehicles.
Mindfulness and Relaxation-Based Interventions to Reduce Parental Stress, Anxiety and/or Depressive Symptoms in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ginsberg Kristin Harrison , Alsweiler Jane , Alyami Mohsen , Serlachius Anna
Published: August 2022

Parents with infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) experience high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Mindfulness and relaxation-based interventions are effective in reducing distress in the general postpartum population. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate whether mindfulness and/or relaxation-based interventions reduce stress, anxiety, and depression in NICU parents. A total of five studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for quality using the Downs & Black Checklist. The most consistent results in this review suggest that mindfulness and/or relaxation-based interventions may be effective at reducing anxiety symptoms in NICU parents, with moderate to large effect sizes, and show promise in reducing depressive symptoms. The findings show limited potential benefits on parental stress. Methodological weaknesses, heterogeneous intervention factors (including format and length), and varying participant adherence hinder the ability to make strong conclusions. Directions for future research are discussed.