bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Discourse out of a Dark Atmosphere: Critical Discourse Analysis of Iran’s Eleventh Presidential Election
Authors: Parvin Anna
Published: August 2015

This paper tries to indicate how the candidates of Iran’s eleventh presidential election attempted to rise to power by the means of language. In this analysis, the discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe is applied. The candidates tried to win the battlefield of election by creating exclusion borders and excluding their rivals. Critical discourse analysis is a methodology that can reveal ideological purposes behind the political discourses to reflect the hidden Realities. The study of the debates between presidential candidates shows that Hassan Rouhani was elected because he could exclude other discourses resulting from the rising sociopolitical crisis. Nevertheless, He could not articulate his floating signifiers and his discourse was not hegemonic.
Postmodernism as Discourse from Foucault to Habermas
Authors: Terec-Vlad Loredana , Trifu Alexandru
Published: August 2015

During the last decades, the term postmodernity has been highly invoked, on the one hand, or ignored, on the other hand. It is a term that can be found in the writings of various philosophers and sociologists, and is almost ignored and less meaningful within the economic thinking.At first view and analysis, postmodernity is the successor of the modern age, modernity in other words. However, the concept has much deeper meanings; it regards the future, foreshadowing the new realities of today's world, which are very complex and dynamic, and come under endogenous and exogenous influences, activities and issues that are permanently under the influence of multiple and multidimensional challenges [7]. In fact, the period of globalization, of the new trends of the revolutionary ICT (Information and Communication Technologies), is believed to overlap the period of postmodernism.From the philosophical point of view, but also in consonance with the economic life and realities, the individuals and entities of any nature should be characterized by adaptability, the ability to respond promptly and appropriately to the impulses and reactions that affect that system.
Examining the Effectiveness of Training Assertiveness Skill on Self-Efficacy and Procrastination of the Female Seventh Grade Junior Students, District 19, Tehran: The Educational Year of 2014-2015
Authors: Moradi Marzeyeh
Published: August 2015

Its salient example is to procrastinate in studying lessons until the night of examination and haste and anxiety resulting from it that has entangled students. The prevalence of educational procrastination among students justifies the necessity of the attention by officials, planners and practitioners of the educational system to the variables related with it like educational self-efficacy and training assertiveness skills; because educational procrastination on the one hand, indicates low educational self-efficacy and on the other hand, is an incompatible and ineffective defense strategy including the problem in establishing collective communication and lacking necessary social skills where the learners utilize it for avoiding defeat, maintaining self-respect and personal value, thus entailing non-compensable repercussions for the procrastinator . The current research has been conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of training assertiveness skill on self-efficacy and procrastination of the female seventh grade junior students. The statistical population of this research included 30 students who were selected through available sampling method while they were randomly assigned in the group. The research tools in addition to the Personal Characteristics Inventory consisted of three Ratos assertiveness inventory (PRAS), Scherer self-efficacy (SGSES) and Procrastination Inventory by Tuckman (1991). To analyze the data the Covariance analysis was applied. Results indicated that there was not a significant relationship between training effectiveness of assertiveness skill on self-efficacy and procrastination.
The Political Metaphor - From Expressive Values to Persuasive Virtues
Authors: Mocanu Mihaela
Published: August 2015

A particular form of interference, with indirectly transferred effects and communicative values, the political metaphor essentially mirrors the issuer’s effort towards evading and mystifying the political reality. Intensively used in the contemporary political discourse, the political metaphor loses the virtues of the poetical metaphor becoming rather laborious and vulgar, in the etymological sense of the term. The political discourse mainly exploits the quality of the metaphor to operate transfers from the complex to the simple, from the abstract to the concrete, conferring a strong subjective dimension to political communication. As well as this, we emphasize the polemic character of metaphorical constructions in the contemporary political discourse and their role in discrediting political adversaries. Defining the political metaphor in terms of interaction and transaction between contexts brings forward the semantic potential of metaphoric expressions and consequently, their impact upon the reception level. This study proposes a presentation of the main persuasive virtues that the metaphor acquires within political communication, by analysing the addresses held in the plenum of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies in May-June 2015.
Regional Model for the Protection of Human Rights in Asia
Authors: Kumar Yadav Sanjay
Published: August 2015

After considering all the regional model for the protection of human rights in the world, the researcher tried to gave the regional model in Asia. There is need to care of diversified socio, economic, political and cultures of India while forming regional model for protection of human rights in Asia.
Effectiveness of "Psychosocial Strengthening Program" on Risk and Protective Factors of Drug Use and Increasing of Psychological Health among High Risk Adolescents
Authors: Mohamadkhani Shahram , Asyabani Farid
Published: August 2015

In the present research Effectiveness of "Psychosocial Strengthening Program" On Risk and Protective Factors of drug use and increasing of psychological health among high risk Adolescents has been investigated. The considering sample in the research was 30 students of first grade of Sanandaj's guidance school who has been selected by multi-stages cluster sampling method and were replaced in two groups of experiment (n=15) and control (n=15). The experiment group students attended in Psychosocial Strengthening Program training sessions but the control group students didn’t so. Two groups were compared through using Risk and Protective Factors of drug use questionnaire and psychological healthy questionnaire based on covariance analyze statistic test.The present research findings show that there is a meaning full difference between the student's attitude high risk related to drug us, social skills, self-controlling skills and psychological health before and after Psychosocial Strengthening Program training. The statistical analyzes show that Psychosocial Strengthening Program training has been effective on the positive attitude toward drug use. Low social skills and low self-controlling skills as the drug us risky factors and psychological health. Therefore it seems this program as a protective factor causes drug us decreasing and psychological health increasing among high risk Adolescents in coming years.
Ruth and De-Valuation of the Values of Victorian Period
Authors: Moqari Shaqayeq , Elahipanah Nooshinn
Published: August 2015

The novel Ruth by Elizabeth Gaskell is a novel which deconstructs the values of the Victorian society. In fact this novel devalues the values of this period by bucking the system of Victorian norms and values. This is manifested in the change of Ruth from a naïve to mature girl through her fall. In fact her fall makes her wise. When she dies she is given a funeral which is given to a virtuous woman. Her funeral is a slap on the face of the Victorian ideals of goodness and badness. This tells us that the values should be revised when such a person is not that much bad while she is considered bad. Gaskell devalues the values of Victorian society through her heroine’s migration and her living under a false name to teach us a lesson as to how shaky the Victorian ideas are and should be checked again. In fact, this novel has contributed, though little, to the way a woman like Ruth should be viewed.
Scholarly Study of Primary Schools of Pakistan: A Case of Rajanpur District
Authors: Ahmad Iftkhar , Iqbal Nadeem
Published: August 2015

The fundamental subject of the education is the serious investigation of primary schools of Tehsil Jampur (Pakistan). The study constructed on most important and less important bases. Principal information collected from blood relation, colonels, educators and scholars over opinion, survey, and consultation implements however subordinate statistics by go through collected works. A model of 200 scholars, 100 educators, 100 parentages and 30 colonels are a selection of by implementing stratified accidental sample enterprise. Qualitative and measurable skills used for the exploration of information. It is initiate that mainstream of the Supervision primary schools do not have suitable school structure and other elementary accommodations. Program of education is not absolute presented and employed in such departments. There is silent an argument on moderate of lessons between investors. The waster percentage is swelling therefore future and investigation is quite a challenge. The performance of educators and scholars remains improper. Parentages do not demonstration any attentiveness in the matters of institutes. Moreover, colonel seldom duty call and administer Control region primary schools. Going on origin of the conclusions, the object is round off with endorsements given at the end of paper.
Avaliação de Técnicas de Tratamento de Restrições em um Algoritmo Evolucionário Multiobjetivo na Alocação da Vazão Excedente em Bacias Hidrográficas
Authors: Costa Fagner França da , Machado Érica Cristine Medeiros Nobre , Ribeiro Simone Nóbrega , Assis Wanessa Dunga de , Fereira Paloma Mara de Lima
Published: August 2015

<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Vazão excedente pode ser definida como o volume de água em uma bacia hidrográfica que excede o volume outorgável, o qual, por sua vez, é definido com base em critérios bastante restritivos de modo a permitir o atendimento do volume outorgado mesmo em períodos de estiagem. Trabalhos recentes têm proposto a alocação desta vazão excedente entre os usuários, minimizando os prejuízos decorrentes da não utilização da mesma. Algoritmos evolucionários multiobjetivo têm se destacado na otimização de problemas complexos e diversas técnicas têm sido desenvolvidas para considerar as restrições específicas do problema e melhorar o seu desempenho. Neste trabalho utilizamos o algoritmo evolucionário multiobjetivo SPEA2 para alocar a vazão excedente em uma bacia hidrográfica e analisamos o ganho de desempenho obtido pela introdução de técnicas de tratamento das restrições neste algoritmo. Os resultados demonstram a importância da utilização das técnicas de tratamento das restrições, sobretudo da utilização dos operadores direcionados.
Adult and offspring size in the ocean over 17 orders of magnitude follows two life history strategies
Authors: Neuheimer A. B. , Hartvig M. , Heuschele J. , Hylander S. , Kiørboe T. , Olsson K. H. , Sainmont J. , Andersen K. H.
Published: August 2015

Explaining variability in offspring vs. adult size among groups is a necessary step to determine the evolutionary and environmental constraints shaping variability in life history strategies. This is of particular interest for life in the ocean where a diversity of offspring development strategies is observed along with variability in physical and biological forcing factors in space and time. We compiled adult and offspring size for 407 pelagic marine species covering more than 17 orders of magnitude in body mass including Cephalopoda, Cnidaria, Crustaceans, Ctenophora, Elasmobranchii, Mammalia, Sagittoidea, and Teleost. We find marine life following one of two distinct strategies, with offspring size being either proportional to adult size (e.g., Crustaceans, Elasmobranchii, and Mammalia) or invariant with adult size (e.g., Cephalopoda, Cnidaria, Sagittoidea, Teleosts, and possibly Ctenophora). We discuss where these two strategies occur and how these patterns (along with the relative size of the offspring) may be shaped by physical and biological constraints in the organism's environment. This adaptive environment along with the evolutionary history of the different groups shape observed life history strategies and possible group‐specific responses to changing environmental conditions (e.g., production and distribution).
Measuring Care Needs of Parents of Children With Cancer: Psychometric Properties of the FIN-PED II Arabic Version
Authors: Arabiat Diana H. , Hamdan-Mansour Ayman , Al Jabery Mohammad A. , Wardam Lina , Tamimi Amina
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose: This study was conducted to test the Arabic version of the Family Inventory of Needs-Pediatrics II (FIN-PED II). Methods: The Arabic FIN-PED II was developed using the translation/back-translation method. Then, an expert panel of 5 parents of children with cancer rated the tool for clarity and content validity. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability was evaluated in a convenience sample of 113 parents of children with cancer. Results: The FIN-PED II was found to be acceptable and clear to almost all parents. The FIN-PED II demonstrated good psychometric properties. The internal consistency was high with alpha values >0.70 and high test–retest correlations. Conclusions: Although the Arabic FIN-PED II needs further psychometric testing, it is an acceptable, reliable, and valid measure of perceived parents need during child’s treatment.
Assessing Longitudinal Invariance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Mogos Mulubrhan F. , Beckstead Jason W. , Kip Kevin E. , Evans Mary E. , Boothroyd Roger A. , Aiyer Aryan N. , Reis Steven E.
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose: The longitudinal invariance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale among middle-aged and older adults is unknown. This study examined the factorial invariance of the CES-D scale in a large cohort of community-based adults longitudinally. Methods: 1,204 participants completed the 20-item CES-D scale at 4 time points 1 year apart. Structural equation modeling was used to identify best fitting model using longitudinal data at baseline and at 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-up. Results: The 4-factor model showed partial invariance over 3 years. Two of the 6 noninvariant items were consistently noninvariant at the 3 follow-up points. Conclusion: Special consideration should be given to these 2 items when using the CES-D scale in healthy adults (45–75 years old).
Effect of Confinement on Pressure/Volume/Temperature Properties of Hydrocarbons in Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Pitakbunkate T.. , Balbuena P. B. , Moridis G. J. , Blasingame T. A.
Published: August 2015

Shale reservoirs play an important role as a future energy resource of the United States. Numerous studies were performed to describe the storage and transport of hydrocarbons through ultrasmall pores in the shale reservoirs. Most of these studies were developed by modifying techniques used for conventional reservoirs. The common pore-size distribution of the shale reservoirs is approximately 1 to 20  nm and in such confined spaces that the interactions between the wall of the container (i.e., the shale and kerogen) and the contained fluids (i.e., the hydrocarbon fluids and water) may exert significant influence on the localized phase behavior. We believe this is because the orientation and distribution of fluid molecules in the confined space are different from those of the bulk fluid, causing changes in the localized thermodynamic properties.

This study provides a detailed account of the changes of pressure/volume/temperature properties and phase behavior (specifically, the phase diagrams) in a synthetic shale reservoir for pure hydrocarbons (methane and ethane) and a simple methane/ethane (binary) mixture. Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations are performed to study the effect of confinement on the fluid properties. A graphite slab made of two layers is used to represent kerogen in the shale reservoirs. The separation between the two layers, representing a kerogen pore, is varied from 1 to 10  nm to observe the changes of the hydrocarbon-fluid properties. In this paper, the critical properties of methane and ethane as well as the methane/ethane mixture phase diagrams in different pore sizes are derived from the GCMC simulations. In addition, the GCMC simulations are used to investigate the deviations of the fluid densities in the confined space from those of the bulk fluids at reservoir conditions. Although not investigated in this work, such deviations may indicate that significant errors for production forecasting and reserves estimation in shale reservoirs may occur if the (typical) bulk densities are used in reservoir-engineering calculations.
A Comparative Study on the Influence of Probe Placement on Quality
Assurance Measurements in B-mode Ultrasound by Means of Ultrasound
Phantoms
Authors: Scorza A , Conforto S , D'Anna C , Sciuto S.A
Published: August 2015

To check or to prevent failures in ultrasound medical systems, some tests should be scheduled for both clinical suitability and technical functionality evaluation: among them, image quality assurance tests performed by technicians through ultrasound phantoms are widespread today and their results depend on issues related to scanner settings as well as phantom features and operator experience. In the present study variations on some features of the B-mode image were measured when the ultrasound probe is handled by the technician in a routine image quality test: ultrasound phantom images from two array transducers are processed to evaluate measurement dispersion in distance accuracy, high contrast spatial resolution and penetration depth when probe is handled by the operator. All measurements are done by means of an in-house image analysis software that minimizes errors due to operator’s visual acuity and subjective judgment while influences of ultrasound transducer position on quality assurance test results are estimated as expanded uncertainties on parameters above (measurement reproducibility at 95 percent confidence level): depending on the probe model, they ranged from ±0.1 to ±1.9 mm in high contrast spatial resolution, from ±0.1 to ±5.5 percent in distance measurements error and from ±1 to ±10 mm in maximum depth of signal visualization. Although numerical results are limited to the two examined probes, they confirm some predictions based on general working principles of diagnostic ultrasound systems: (a) measurements strongly depend on settings as well on phantoms features, probes and parameters investigated; (b) relative uncertainty due to probe manipulation on spatial resolution can be very high, i.e. from 10 to more than 30 percent; (c) Field of View settings must be taken into account for measurement reproducibility as well as Dynamic Range compression and phantom attenuation.
Improved Frame Error Concealment Algorithm Based on Transform- Domain Mobile Audio Codec
Authors: Xiang Kai , Chen Shihong , Zeng Yuanyuan
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we propose an improved frame error concealment algorithm for TCX-based audio coders in order
to improve the quality of decoded audio at the receiver. Conventional TCX-based frame error concealment algorithms
in the AMR-WB+ audio codec are usually unable to adaptively adjust gain control according to changes in the magnitude
of the correct frame before lost frames. Thus, we propose a new gain control approach based on stability of LPC filter,
and the stream data need to contain the line spectrum frequency data and utilize different continuous attenuation factor
formula based on different categories of lost frames. The proposed frame error concealment algorithm is designed for
TCX-based audio codec. We make the performance comparison between the proposed method and the original algorithm
currently employed in AMR-WB+ audio codec through the objective evaluation test and subjective evaluation test. The
results prove that our algorithm can achieve better audio recovery quality than original frame error concealment algorithm
employed in AMR-WB+ speech codec.
Digital Watermark based Authentication for Intrusion Detection of Digital Substations
Authors: Ming Zhao , Qiangqiang Sun
Published: August 2015

The paper proposes the use of digital watermark based authentication for intrusion detection in IEC 61850-
automated substations. The watermark can be embedded into the Least Significant Bits of the measurements without visible
deterioration in precision. When Intelligent Electronics Devices gets measurements, the watermark in the measurement
can be retrieved to determine whether it has been attacked and detect malicious intrusion. The proposed approach is
appropriate for the time critical and resource constrained applications in substation automation system for its simplicity.
Numerical simulation shows that the process latency and error incurred by watermarking is acceptable and will not impact
performance of protective function in IEC 61850 automated substations.
Power Quality Control Strategy of Islanding Microgrid Under Distorted and Unbalanced Conditions
Authors: Ruiqi Wang , Zhanxin Jin , Sun Li , Zhaoxin Wang , Wenjuan Jiang , Yan Cheng , Yong Zhang
Published: August 2015

This paper presents a novel power quality control strategy for islanding microgrid contains multiple DG units
under both distorted and unbalanced conditions. Actually the power quality of microgrid bus and the point of common
coupling (PCC) are the main concerns due to the determination of high-quality power energy to the main grid and sensitive
loads connected to microgrid bus. To tackle this problem, three control schemes based on PIR cascaded structure for
DG units are developed to realize different control objectives. In these categories, the fundamental voltage is regulated by
conventional PI controller to ensure direct voltage support and smooth operation mode transition while the harmonics or
unbalanced variables are compensated with resonates controller in synchronous reference frame without sequential sequence
decomposition. The proposed power quality control strategy that comprehensively utilization of these control
schemes can satisfy power quality requirements of islanding microgrid, which is confirmed by simulation results considering
both unbalance and distortion.
Performance Evaluation of HD Radio System in Radio Environments
Authors: Ren Jin , Zhang Ting
Published: August 2015

The advance of wireless communications brings in various schemes of wireless digital communication technology.
Analog communication and broadcasting services convert into digital services in many countries. The IBOC (In-
Band On-Channel) system has been developed to work in the same band with the conventional analog radio and broadcasting
digital signal simultaneously. HDR (HD-Radio) standard of IBOC can use coherent demodulation using pilot subcarriers.
In this paper, the performance of HD radio system is evaluated. To contribute to decision of digital radio standard
and design of digital radio transmission network, the simulation results will give a help.
Study on Selective Leakage Protection System of Mine High Voltage Grid Based on Harmonic Phase Comparison
Authors: Zhongfu Liu , Junxing Zhang , Lixin Shi , Yaning Yang
Published: August 2015

As for the wide application of arc suppression coil to the grounding in neutral point of mine high voltage grid,
grid leakage fault rules and harmonic characteristics of the neutral point grounding system through arc suppression coil
are analyzed, the selective leakage protection program “zero-sequence voltage starts, fifth harmonics of grid zerosequence
voltage and zero-sequence current are extracted for phase comparison” is proposed, and corresponding fifth
harmonic extraction circuit and power direction discrimination circuit are designed. The experimental results show that
the protective principle applies not only to the neutral point insulated power supply system, but also to the power supply
system in which neutral point passes arc suppression coil, which can solve selective leakage protection problems under
different neutral grounding ways, improving the reliability of selective leakage and guaranteeing the stability of the action
value.
Study on Earthquake Damage Distribution of Multistory Masonry Buildings
Authors: Qiang Zhou , Bai-tao Sun
Published: August 2015

The main components which affect the earthquake damage grades classification of multistory masonry buildings
and the damage characters are summarized and analyzed through the statistics and analysis of a large number of previous
earthquake damage data. According to the standard of earthquake damage grades classification, the damage numbers
of each component of multistory masonry buildings under different earthquake damage indexes are analyzed quantitatively
and the calculation formulas based on the relationship between the damage numbers of components and the earthquake
damage index under different cases are given; Based on the structural analysis of multistory masonry buildings and
the research of earthquake damage data, the calculation formulas of the earthquake damage distributions in different floors
and main components’ different positions on the same floor of multistory masonry buildings are given, which provides us
a platform to objectively understand the earthquake damage distribution of multistory masonry buildings; The earthquake
damage distribution is an important factor to affect the realistic degree of the 3-D damage models in the scene simulation
system for earthquake disaster, this paper also provides a theoretical basis for the modeling of the 3-D damage models of
multistory masonry structure; Finally, the earthquake damage distribution of the bearing wall of a five-storey masonry
building in the minor damage has been given as an example.
Numerical Simulation of the Seepage Field and the Analysis of its Sensibility Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Zhang Hongyang , Zhang Xianqi , Xu Cundong
Published: August 2015

The distribution characteristics and migration mechanism of seepage field of reservoir groundwater can determine the geographical characteristics of reservoir area to a large extent. The permeability of reservoir area is especially important since it is an important indicator of karst development characteristics and its hydrogeological condition in karst area, and it’s difficult to conduct quantitative analysis of its parameters. According to the needs of practical engineering application, I use the C# and FORTRAN program to design a calculation method. I also use seepage field numerical simulation in reservoir area of one pumped storage power station on the east to testify the correctness and practicability of this calculation method. Judging from the groundwater level contour map, we can see that groundwater shed and surface water shed are basically the same. Groundwater can be distributed to surrounding areas from the upper reservoir. Because of the resistance effect of non-karst area on north and south, groundwater flows out in the form of spring in north and south. The groundwater flows to Zimei Bridge on east side, and Yaoshiwan on west side. The repeated experiments of parameters show that groundwater seepage field is insensitive to the change of other areas’ permeability parameter. Results show that this calculation method is well-adapted, accurate, applicable and practical.
Use of Artificial Recharge to Rectify Adjacent Building Deformation due to Dewatering
Authors: Hua Yuan , Linqing Li
Published: August 2015

Uncontrolled and unreasonable foundation pit dewatering is often the primary cause of deformation of the
nearby buildings. It is therefore imperative to diminish or eliminate negative influence during dewatering. This paper
describes the application of artificial recharge to rectify adjacent building deformation due to pumping. Based on the
principle of potential function superposition, a water line equation with pumping and injection well’s steady or unsteady
simulation operation in a confined aquifer is deduced, thereby an “influence radius” concept for unsteady flow has been
proposed. Through a project example, the control effect of recharge for nearby building deformation due to pumping has
been evaluated, results of which confirm that recharge can be used as an effective management method. Moreover, some
suggestions regarding the layout of recharge wells are put forward.
Thermo-Dynamics and Stress Characteristics on High Strength Hydraulic Concrete Material
Authors: Gan Xiao-Qing , Wang Ya-jun
Published: August 2015

High strength hydraulic concrete was introduced based on its thermo-dynamic and strain-stress characteristics.
The compound exponential thermo-dynamic creep model was established. The temperature rise models were interpreted.
The bisection constitutional model was deduced as the approach to express the strain-stress non-linearity of high strength
hydraulic concrete. The key parameters on thermo-dynamic characteristics and strain-stress ones of high strength hydraulic
concrete were offered. The models and parameters in this paper are useful for engineering application and theoretical
research.
The Study on Dispatch Reliability Prediction Model of Civil Aircraft
Authors: Chu Shuanglei , Liu Fei , Wei Zhiqiang
Published: August 2015

Dispatch reliability is the key parameters to reflect the overall reliability of civil aircraft, and it is also the
important technical parameters needs to be considered in the original design of civil aircraft. According to the actual delay
rate data of airlines, combined with the relationship between delay rate and dispatch reliability, from the perspective of
civil aircraft design, author firstly puts forward that seven design parameters of the aircraft design phase, the design
parameters consist of five main parameters and two auxiliary parameters, and then this paper establishes a mathematical
relationship between dispatch reliability and aircraft original design parameters, the dispatch reliability of civil aircraft
was predicted, prediction model is reasonable and has higher precision accuracy, it laid the theoretical basis and data
support for dispatch reliability prediction of our country civil aircraft, meanwhile the prediction model of dispatch
reliability can provide reference data for the structure design of civil aircraft.
Resuscitation of Polytrauma Patients: The Management of Massive Skeletal Bleeding
Authors: Guerado Enrique , Bertrand Maria Luisa , Valdes Luis , Cruz Encarnacion , Cano Juan Ramon
Published: August 2015

The term ‘severely injured patient’ is often synonymous of polytrauma patient, multiply-injured patient or, in some settings, polyfractured patient. Together with brain trauma, copious bleeding is the most severe complication of polytrauma. Consequently hypotension develop. Then, the perfusion of organs may be compromised, with the risk of organ failure. Treatment of chest bleeding after trauma is essential and is mainly addressed via surgical manoeuvres. As in the case of lesions to the pelvis, abdomen or extremities, this approach demonstrates the application of damage control (DC). The introduction of sonography has dramatically changed the diagnosis and prognosis of abdominal bleeding. In stable patients, a contrast CT-scan should be performed before any x-ray projection, because, in an emergency situation, spinal or pelvic fractures be missed by conventional radiological studies. Fractures or dislocation of the pelvis causing enlargement of the pelvic cavity, provoked by an anteroposterior trauma, and in particular cases presenting vertical instability, are the most severe types and require fast stabilisation by closing the pelvic ring diameter to normal dimensions and by stabilising the vertical shear. Controversy still exists about whether angiography or packing should be used as the first choice to address active bleeding after pelvic ring closure. Pelvic angiography plays a significant complementary role to pelvic packing for final haemorrhage control. Apart from pelvic trauma, fracture of the femur is the only fracture provoking acute life-threatening bleeding. If possible, femur fractures should be immobilised immediately, either by external fixation or by a sheet wrap around both extremities.
Orthopaedic Timing in Polytrauma in a Second Level Emergency Hospital. An Overrated Problem?
Authors: V Dei Giudici , N Giampaolini , A Panfighi , M Marinelli , R Procaccini , A Gigante
Published: August 2015

The main concern for orthopaedic treatment in polytrauma has always been the same for almost forty years, which also regards “where” and “when” to proceed; correct surgical timing and correct interpretation of the DCO concept are still being debated. In the last few years, several attempts have been made to classify patients based on their clinical presentation and by trying to figure out which vital parameters are able to predict the patient’s outcome. This study evaluated all patients who presented with code red at the Emergency Department of our Hospital, a level II trauma center. For every patient, the following characteristics were noted: sex, age, day of hospitalization, orthopaedic trauma, time to surgery, presence of an associated surgical condition in the fields of general surgery, thoracic surgery, neurosurgery and vascular surgery, cardiac frequency, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, Glasgow Coma Scale and laboratory data. All patients included were divided into subgroups based on orthopaedic surgical timing. Two other subgroups were also identified and analyzed in detail: deceased and weekend traumas. A total of 208 patients were included. Our primary goal was to identify a correlation between the mortality and surgical timing of the orthopaedic procedures; our secondary goal was to recognize, if present, a statistically relevant association between historical, clinical and laboratory data, and mortality rate, defining any possible risk factor. A correlation between mortality and orthopaedic surgical timing was not found. Analyzing laboratory data revealed an interesting correlation between mortality and: blood pressure, platelet count, cardiac frequency, hematocrit, hemoglobin and age.
Differential Parasitism Between Two Suitable Cowbird Hosts
Authors: Walsh John J. , Tuff Ty A. , Cruz Alexander , Chace Jameson F.
Published: August 2015

Host choice by the brood parasitic Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is an evolved response to host suitability,
resulting in patterns of differential parasitism rates among species within a community. In the ponderosa pine
(Pinus ponderosa) forests of the Colorado Front Range, we recorded that Western Wood-pewee (Contopus sordidulus) is
infrequently parasitized (1%, n = 259 nests) by the Brown-headed Cowbird, whereas the Plumbeous Vireo (Vireo plumbeus)
is heavily parasitized (51%, n = 292). To account for differences in parasitism rates on these species we experimentally
parasitized pewee nests with cowbird eggs, and we compared host aggression towards cowbird models, host nest attentiveness,
nest placement, and egg-laying dates in these species. Pewees accepted cowbirds eggs and reacted more aggressively
towards the cowbird model than the control model, were more attentive at their nest sites than vireos, and
placed their nests higher and closer to the trunk than vireos. Egg-laying dates for vireos and cowbirds overlapped more
than the egg-laying dates for pewees and cowbirds. We suggest that temporal asynchrony in host availability, coupled
with differences in nest placement and behavior at the nest, help to account for the observed differences in parasitism rates
between these two species.
Evolution and Composition of the Traditional Timber Structure
Column Bases in the Southern Region of China - A Case Study of
Shaoxing City
Authors: Xinmo Zhou , Wei Wang , Ke Zhou , Wenping Chen
Published: August 2015

As a very unique structural component of traditional timber architecture, column base is a natural combination
of stone carving technology and timber structure system, from which we can understand the broad and profound traditional
architectural culture. In This paper, the emergence and evolution of the column bases art history was firstly described
to analyze the factors that promote the development and changes of column bases. Moreover, Finally, the dimension
of column bases was introduced. The results of this paper can be taken as the reference for the development of the antique
buildings and the new Chinese architecture.
Research on the Effective Influence Radius of Hydraulic Reaming in Mining Seam
Authors: Peng Li , Kai Wang , Bo Li , Yifeng Jiang , Jianqiang Gou
Published: August 2015

In Accordance with the present situations suggesting that the construction of the gas drainage boreholes in
mining seam is sufficient and the gas drainage effect in low permeability coal seams does not yield perfectly, the
hydraulic reaming technology in mining seam was proposed to increase the gas drainage efficiency. Through the gas flow
method, the effective influence radius of hydraulic reaming was determined and the fluid-solid coupling model of gas
drainage along boreholes after hydraulic reaming was established theoretically. Following this, the changes in the laws of
gas content around the boreholes in the coal seam were simulated and analyzed. The results indicated that hydraulic
reaming can effectively promote the stress-relief and permeability-increase of the coal mass around the boreholes, and the
coal mass around the reaming boreholes can be divided into gas flow increase zone, gas flow delay attenuation zone and
fast decay zone. The effective influence radius of hydraulic reaming was 5.5~6 m. The obtained simulation results were
basically in accordance with the field investigation.
Sensitivity and specificity of an eye movement tracking-based biomarker for concussion
Authors: Samadani Uzma , Li Meng , Qian Meng , Laska Eugene , Ritlop Robert , Kolecki Radek , Reyes Marleen , Altomare Lindsey , Sone Je Yeong , Adem Aylin , Huang Paul , Kondziolka Douglas , Wall Stephen , Frangos Spiros , Marmar Charles
Published: August 2015

Object: The purpose of the current study is to determine the sensitivity and specificity of an eye tracking method as a classifier for identifying concussion. Methods: Brain injured and control subjects prospectively underwent both eye tracking and Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3. The results of eye tracking biomarker based classifier models were then validated against a dataset of individuals not used in building a model. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics was examined. Results: An optimal classifier based on best subset had an AUC of 0.878, and a cross-validated AUC of 0.852 in CT- subjects and an AUC of 0.831 in a validation dataset. The optimal misclassification rate in an external dataset (n = 254) was 13%. Conclusion: If one defines concussion based on history, examination, radiographic and Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 criteria, it is possible to generate an eye tracking based biomarker that enables detection of concussion with reasonably high sensitivity and specificity.
Variability of the modified Balance Error Scoring System at baseline using objective and subjective balance measures
Authors: Starling Amaal J , Leong Danielle F , Bogle Jamie M , Vargas Bert B
Published: August 2015

Aim: To investigate preseason modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS) performance in a collegiate football cohort; to compare scores to an objective mobile balance measurement tool. Materials & methods: Eighty-two athletes completed simultaneous balance testing using mBESS and the King–Devick Balance Test, an objective balance measurement tool. Errors on mBESS and objective measurements in the double-leg, single-leg (SS) and tandem stances were compared. Results: Mean mBESS error score was 7.23 ± 4.65. The SS accounted for 74% of errors and 21% of athletes demonstrated the maximum error score. There was no significant correlation between mBESS score and objective balance score. Conclusion: The high variability and large number of errors in the SS raises concerns over the utility of the SS in identifying suspected concussion.
Evaluation of dehiscence and fenestration in adolescent patients affected by unilateral cleft lip and palate: A retrospective cone beam computed tomography study
Authors: Buyuk Suleyman Kutalmis , Ercan Esra , Celikoglu Mevlut , Sekerci Ahmet Ercan , Hatipoglu Mukerrem
Published: August 2015

Objective: 

To evaluate the presence of dehiscence and fenestration defects around anterior teeth in the cleft region and to compare these findings with the noncleft side in the same patients using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods: 

CBCT scans of 44 patients (26 males, 18 females; mean age, 14.04 ± 3.81 years) with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) were assessed to define dehiscences and fenestrations of the anterior teeth in both cleft and noncleft sides of the UCLP patients and a control group of noncleft patients (51 patients; 21 males, 30 females; mean age, 14.52 ± 1.16 years). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s χ2 and Student’s t-test.

Results: 

The prevalence of dehiscences at the maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines teeth were 43.2%, 70.6%, and 34.1% on the cleft side and 22.7%, 53.1%, and 27.3% on the noncleft side of UCLP patients, and 13.7%, 7.8%, and 13.7% in controls, respectively (statistically no difference between the sides of cleft patients). The cleft patients had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of dehiscences than did the controls on both the cleft and noncleft sides (P < .05), except for the maxillary central incisors. Fenestrations for these teeth were significantly more common on the cleft side in UCLP patients compared with controls (P < .05), whereas the difference for maxillary lateral incisors was not statistically significant.

Conclusions: 

Patients with UCLP showed a higher prevalence of dehiscence and fenestration defects around the maxillary anterior teeth.
miR-92a Corrects CD34+ Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes by Modulating Core Circadian Genes Involved in Progenitor Differentiation
Authors: Bhatwadekar Ashay D. , Yan Yuanqing , Stepps Valerie , Hazra Sugata , Korah Maria , Bartelmez Stephen , Chaqour Brahim , Grant Maria B.
Published: August 2015

Autologous CD34+ cells are widely used for vascular repair; however, in individuals with diabetes and microvascular disease these cells are dysfunctional. In this study, we examine expression of the clock genes Clock, Bmal, Per1, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2 in CD34+ cells of diabetic and nondiabetic origin and determine the small encoding RNA (miRNA) profile of these cells. The degree of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was assessed. As CD34+ cells acquired mature endothelial markers, they exhibit robust oscillations of clock genes. siRNA treatment of CD34+ cells revealed Per2 as the only clock gene necessary to maintain the undifferentiated state of CD34+ cells. Twenty-five miRNAs targeting clock genes were identified. Three of the miRNAs (miR-18b, miR-16, and miR-34c) were found only in diabetic progenitors. The expression of the Per2-regulatory miRNA, miR-92a, was markedly reduced in CD34+ cells from individuals with DR compared with control subjects and patients with diabetes with no DR. Restoration of miR-92a levels in CD34+ cells from patients with diabetes with DR reduced the inflammatory phenotype of these cells and the diabetes-induced propensity toward myeloid differentiation. Our studies suggest that restoring levels of miR-92a could enhance the usefulness of CD34+ cells in autologous cell therapy.
Safety and Efficacy of Liraglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and End-Stage Renal Disease: An Investigator-Initiated, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Randomized Trial
Authors: Idorn Thomas , Knop Filip K. , Jørgensen Morten B. , Jensen Tonny , Resuli Marsela , Hansen Pernille M. , Christensen Karl B. , Holst Jens J. , Hornum Mads , Feldt-Rasmussen Bo
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate parameters related to safety and efficacy of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Twenty-four patients with type 2 diabetes and ESRD and 23 control subjects with type 2 diabetes and normal kidney function were randomly allocated to 12 weeks of double-blind liraglutide (titrated to a maximum dose of 1.8 mg) or placebo treatment (1:1) injected subcutaneously once daily as add on to ongoing antidiabetic treatment. Dose-corrected plasma trough liraglutide concentration was evaluated at the final trial visit as the primary outcome measure using a linear mixed model.

RESULTS

Twenty patients with ESRD (1:1 for liraglutide vs. placebo) and 20 control subjects (1:1) completed the study period. Dose-corrected plasma trough liraglutide concentration at the final visit was increased by 49% (95% CI 6–109, P = 0.02) in the group with ESRD compared with the control group. Initial and temporary nausea and vomiting occurred more frequently among liraglutide-treated patients with ESRD compared with control subjects (P < 0.04). Glycemic control tended to improve during the study period in both liraglutide-treated groups as assessed by daily blood glucose measurements (P < 0.01), and dose of baseline insulin was reduced in parallel (P < 0.04). Body weight was reduced in both liraglutide-treated groups (−2.4 ± 0.8 kg [mean ± SE] in the group with ESRD, P = 0.22; −2.9 ± 1.0 kg in the control group, P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

Plasma liraglutide concentrations increased during treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and ESRD, who experienced more gastrointestinal side effects. Reduced treatment doses and prolonged titration period may be advisable.
How Poles indicate people and objects, and what they think of certain forms of pointing gestures
Authors: Jarmołowicz-Nowikow Ewa
Published: August 2015

The first gesture produced by children before they utter their first word has the form of an extended index finger. T his gesture is often described as a prototypical pointing gesture and is regarded as a universal display of intentional communication in most explored cultures (Volterra et al. 2011; Tomasello 2007). It is interesting, however, that in many cultures, a pointing gesture realized with index finger extended is regarded as rude, especially when made by adults or by children past the age of learning to speak. T he aim of this paper is to answer some questions concerning the form and usage of pointing gestures performed by native speakers of Polish. T his paper is focused on potential determinants of the form of pointing gestures, on the Polish cultural norms for indicating people and objects, as well as on the perception of pointing gestures. T he study is based on two experiments and a survey.