bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells in the cell cycle following exposure to organophosphorus compounds
Authors: Carlson Kent , Ehrich Marion
Published: June 2008

The current study investigated the relationship of the cell cycle phase (as G0/G1, S, and G2/M) and cytotoxicity (as sub‐G1 DNA) to determine whether alterations in cell replication were associated with organophosphate (OP) compound induced cytotoxicity. Results demonstrated that, overall, OP compound‐‐induced cell cycle changes were variable and depended on the OP compound, exposure concentration, and temporal relationship to cytotoxicity. Noncytotoxic OP compound treatments substantially decreased the percentage of cells in S phase of the cell cycle when compared to controls. A corresponding increase was seen in the percent of cells in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. In the precytotoxic interval of exposure, most cytotoxic OP compound treatments substantially decreased the percentage of cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Corresponding increases were seen primarily in G0/G1 phase cells. Effects on cells in S stage of the cell cycle varied with the OP compound. In the during cytotoxic interval of exposure, most cytotoxic OP compound treatments substantially increased the percentage of cells in S phase of the cell cycle. A corresponding decrease in the percent of cells in G0/G1 stage of the cell cycle was observed. Furthermore, treatments either increased or decreased the percentage of cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle when compared to controls, with decreases more likely with the most cytotoxic OP compound exposures. Overall, the in vitro data suggest that exposure to OP compounds can alter the cell cycle status of SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells depending on compound, concentration, and interval from initial exposure. Changes in cell cycle, however, did not differentiate between OP compounds that are known for their ability to acutely inhibit acetylcholinesterase versus those inducing type I and type II delayed neurotoxicity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:187–201, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20229
Cardiotoxin III‐induced apoptosis is mediated by Ca2+‐dependent caspase‐12 activation in K562 cells
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Huei , Chien Ching‐Ming , Chang Long‐Sen , Lin Shinne‐Ren
Published: June 2008

Cardiotoxin III (CTX III), a basic polypeptide with 60 amino acid residues isolated from Naja naja atra venom, has been reported to have anticancer activity. When K562 cells were treated with CTX III, cytosolic calcium concentration was rapidly and persistently increased. This CTX III‐induced cell death was partially reversed by pretreatment with BAPTA/AM (20 µM), a chelator of intracellular Ca2+. Moreover, CTX III‐induced apoptotic signals, such as caspase‐12 and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) activation, were induced in a time‐dependent manner and inhibited by BAPTA/AM. In contrast, the neutral protease µ‐calpain, a key enzyme in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐related apoptosis via caspase‐12 activation, was unchanged during apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest CTX III‐induced apoptosis is triggered by Ca2+ influx, then activated caspase‐12 and JNK through µ‐calpain‐independent cascade, and consequently caused apoptosis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:209–218, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20231
On list‐coloring outerplanar graphs
Authors: Hutchinson Joan P.
Published: June 2008

We prove that a 2‐connected, outerplanar bipartite graph (respectively, outerplanar near‐triangulation) with a list of colors L (v ) for each vertex v such that $|L(v)|\geq\min\{{\deg}(v),4\}$ (resp., $|L(v)|\geq{\min}\{{\deg}(v),5\}$) can be L‐list‐colored (except when the graph is K3 with identical 2‐lists). These results are best possible for each condition in the hypotheses and bounds. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 59: 59–74, 2008
An improved upper bound on the crossing number of the hypercube
Authors: Faria Luerbio , Herrera de Figueiredo Celina Miraglia , Sýkora Ondrej , Vrt'o Imrich
Published: June 2008

We draw the n‐dimensional hypercube in the plane with ${5\over 32}4^{n}-\lfloor{{{{n}^{2}+1}\over 2}}\rfloor {2}^{n-2}$ crossings, which improves the previous best estimation and coincides with the long conjectured upper bound of Erdös and Guy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 59: 145–161, 2008
Radiosynthesis of [18F]DPA‐714, a selective radioligand for imaging the translocator protein (18 kDa) with PET
Authors: Damont Annelaure , Hinnen Françoise , Kuhnast Bertrand , Schöllhorn‐Peyronneau Marie‐Anne , James Michelle , Luus Christopher , Tavitian Bertrand , Kassiou Michael , Dollé Frédéric
Published: June 2008

Recently, a novel series of 2‐phenylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidineacetamides has been reported as selective ligands of the translocator protein (18 kDa). Within this series, DPA‐714 (N,N‐diethyl‐2‐(2‐(4‐(2‐fluoroethoxy)phenyl)‐5,7‐dimethylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐3‐yl)acetamide, Ki=7.0 nM) is a compound, which had been designed with a fluorine atom in its structure, allowing labelling with fluorine‐18 (half‐life: 109.8 min) and in vivo imaging using positron emission tomography. DPA‐714 and its tosyloxy derivative (N,N‐diethyl‐2‐(2‐(4‐(2‐toluenesulfonyloxyethoxy)phenyl)‐5,7‐dimethylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐3‐yl)acetamide) as precursor for the labelling with fluorine‐18 were synthesized in two steps from DPA‐713 (N,N‐diethyl‐2‐(2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐5,7‐dimethylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐3‐yl)acetamide) and obtained in 32 and 42% yields, respectively. [18F]DPA‐714 was synthesized using a simple one‐step process (a tosyloxy‐for‐fluorine nucleophilic aliphatic substitution), which has been fully automated on our Zymate‐XP robotic system. It involves: (A) reaction of K[18F]F‐Kryptofix®222 with the tosyloxy precursor (4.5–5.0 mg, 8.2–9.1 µmol) at 165°C for 5 min in dimethyl sufloxide (0.6 mL) followed by (B) C18 PrepSep cartridge pre‐purification and finally (C) semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification on a Waters X‐Terra™ RP18. Typically, 5.6–7.4 GBq of [18F]DPA‐714 (>95% chemically and radiochemically pure) could be obtained with specific radioactivities ranging from 37 to 111 GBq/µmol within 85–90 min (HPLC purification and SepPak®‐based formulation included), starting from a 37 GBq [18F]fluoride batch (overall non‐decay‐corrected and isolated radiochemical yield: 15–20%). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional genital morphology of armored spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Tetrablemmidae)
Authors: Burger Matthias
Published: June 2008

This study describes the female genitalia of the tetrablemmid spiders Brignoliella acuminata, Monoblemma muchmorei, Caraimatta sbordonii, Tetrablemma magister, and Ablemma unicornis by means of serial semi‐thin sections and scanning electron microscopy and compares the results with previous findings on Indicoblemma lannaianum. Furthermore, the male palps and chelicerae are briefly described. The general vulval organization of females is complex and shows similarities in all of the investigated species. The copulatory orifice is situated near the posterior margin of the pulmonary plate. The opening of the uterus externus lies between the pulmonary and the postgenital plate. Paired copulatory ducts lead to sac‐like receptacula. Except for A. unicornis, the male emboli of all investigated species are elongated and thread‐like. However, they are too short to reach the receptacula. Hence, the spermatozoa have to be deposited inside the copulatory ducts. The same situation was also found in I. lannaianum. Females of this species store sperm encapsulated in secretory balls in their receptacula. The secretion is produced by glands adjoining the receptacula. The presence of paired fertilization ducts and spermatozoa in the uterus internus suggested that fertilization takes place internally in I. lannaianum. Secretory balls in the receptacula are found in all of the investigated species in this study, showing that sperm are stored in the same way. The place of fertilization may also be identical since dark particles, presumably spermatozoa, are located in the uterus internus of all investigated species except for T. magister. However, fertilization ducts are only found in B. acuminata and M. muchmorei. A sclerotized central process with attached muscles is present in A. unicornis, M. muchmorei, C. sbordonii and T. magister. Only in A. unicornis does the central process show an internal lumen and hold spermatozoa. In the other species, it could be used to lock the uterus during copulation in order to prevent sperm from getting into it as suggested for certain oonopid species. The uterus externus of all investigated species shows a sclerotized dorsal fold with attached muscles, previously described as “inner vulval plate.” Contractions of the muscles lead to a widening of the dorsal fold, thus creating enough space for the large oocytes to pass the narrow uterus externus. The males of all investigated species have apophyses on their chelicerae. At least in B. acuminata and A. unicornis, where females have paired grooves on the preanal plate, these apophyses allow males to grasp the female during copulation as described for I. lannaianum. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of conservative surgical practices for malignant ovarian germ cell tumors
Authors: Chan John K. , Tewari Krishnansu S. , Waller Sarah , Cheung Michael K. , Shin Jacob Y. , Osann Kathryn , Kapp Daniel S.
Published: June 2008

Objective

To evaluate demographics, survival, and surgical trends for patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.

Methods

SEER data abstracted from 1988 to 2001 and analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression models.

Results

Of 760 patients, the median age was 23 years. Seventy‐six percent of patients presented with stage I–II disease, and 24% with stage III–IV. Fifty‐five percent were immature teratomas, 32% dysgerminomas, and 13% yolk sac tumors. Fertility‐preserving surgery was performed in 41.2% (n = 313) of patients. In those <45 years old, the use of fertility‐preserving surgery increased from 40.5% to 44.5% to 48.4% over the time periods 1988–1992, 1993–1997, 1998–2001 (P = 0.25). The survival of patients who underwent fertility‐preserving surgery was not statistically different compared to those who underwent standard surgery (P = 0.26). Patients with stage I–II disease had improved survival compared to stage III–IV disease (97.6% vs. 85.5%, P < 0.001). The overall survival of women with dysgerminomas, immature teratomas, and yolk sac tumors was 99.5%, 94.3%, and 85.4%, respectively (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, older age, advanced stage, and yolk sac tumor histology predicted for poorer survival.

Conclusion

Our data suggests that the use of fertility‐preserving surgery with concomitant surgical staging for germ cell cancers has increased without compromising survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:111–116. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High throughput screening of active pharmaceutical ingredients by UPLC
Authors: Al‐Sayah Mohammad A. , Rizos Panagiota , Antonucci Vincent , Wu Naijun
Published: June 2008

Ultra performance LC (UPLC) was evaluated as an efficient screening approach to facilitate method development for drug candidates. Three stationary phases were screened: C‐18, phenyl, and Shield RP 18 with column dimensions of 150 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm, which should theoretically generate ˜35 000 plates or ˜175% of the typical column plate count of a conventional 250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm particle column. Thirteen different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were screened using this column set with a standardized mobile‐phase gradient. The UPLC method selectivity results were compared to those obtained for these compounds via methods developed through laborious trial and error screening experiments using numerous conventional HPLC mobile and stationary phases. Peak capacity was compared for columns packed with 5 μm particles and columns packed with 1.7 μm particles. The impurities screened by UPLC were confirmed by LC/MS. The results demonstrate that simple, high efficiency UPLC gradients are a feasible and productive alternative to more conventional multiparametric chromatographic screening approaches for many compounds in the early stages of drug development.
Determination of ammonia, creatinine and inorganic cations in urine using CE with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Tůma Petr , Samcová Eva , Duška František
Published: June 2008

CE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) was used to determine waste products of the nitrogen metabolism (ammonia and creatinine) and of biogenic inorganic cations in samples of human urine. The CE separation was performed in two BGEs, consisting of 2 M acetic acid + 1.5 mM crown ether 18‐crown‐6 (BGE I) and 2 M acetic acid + 2% w/v PEG (BGE II). Only BGE II permitted complete separation of all the analytes in a model sample and in real urine samples. The LOD values for the optimized procedure ranged from 0.8 μM for Ca2+ and Mg2+ to 2.9 μM for NH4+ (in terms of mass concentration units, from 7 μg/L for Li+ to 102 μg/L for creatinine). These values are adequate for determination of NH4+, creatinine, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in real urine samples.
Purification and characterization of zinc α2‐glycoprotein‐Prolactin inducible protein complex from human seminal plasma
Authors: Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz , Kumar Vijay , Singh Tej P. , Yadav Savita
Published: June 2008

Zinc α2‐glycoprotein (ZAG) is present at high concentration in human seminal plasma, and considered as soluble homologue of MHC‐I. ZAG is a well‐known biomarker for prostate and breast carcinomas. We have purified a naturally occurring complex of ZAG with Prolactin inducible protein (PIP), which is also a well‐known biomarker for the same. The ZAG‐PIP complex has been isolated and purified by simple chromatographic techniques in a reproducible two‐step process, using ion exchange and gel‐permeation chromatography and subsequently identified by MS. The complex between ZAG and PIP is formed by non‐covalent interactions. The purity and molecular mass was determined by SDS‐PAGE, which shows the bands corresponding to 40 kDa and 14 kDa, which were also confirmed by MALDI‐TOF. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments also showed hydrodynamic radii corresponding to 54, 40 and 14 kDa for ZAG‐PIP complex, ZAG and PIP respectively. The concentration dependent aggregation of this complex has also been observed. Fluorescence analysis reveals that complexes have similar binding affinities as native ZAG, for their proposed ligands like arachidonic acid, polyethylene glycol and synthetic peptide. This is the first report on purification and characterization of a naturally occurring complex of ZAG‐PIP in human seminal fluid.
Solid phase microextraction‐high performance liquid chromatographic determination of octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX) and hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant
Authors: Gaurav  , Malik Ashok Kumar , Rai Parmod Kumar
Published: June 2008

A simple and sensitive method has been developed using preconcentration technique solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analytical technique HPLC‐UV for the determination of octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX) and hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) from the environmental samples. Aqueous solution of anionic surfactant SDS was used for the extraction of both nitramine high explosives, viz., HMX and RDX from soil samples which were subsequently sorbed on SPME fiber. The static desorption was carried out in the desorption chamber of the SPME‐HPLC interface in the presence of mobile phase ACN/methanol/water (30:35:35) and the subsequent chromatographic analysis at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and detection at 230 nm. For this purpose, a C18, 5 μm RP analytical column was used as a separation medium in this method. Several parameters relating to SPME, e.g., adsorption/desorption time, concentration of salt, stirring rate, etc., were optimized. The method was linear over the range of 20–400 ng/mL for HMX and RDX standards in the presence of surfactant in aqueous phase, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R2) for HMX and RDX are 0.9998 and 0.9982, respectively. With SPME, the detection limits (S/N = 3) in ng/mL are 0.05 and 0.1 for HMX and RDX, respectively in the presence of the SDS surfactant. The developed method has been applied successfully to the analysis of real environmental samples like bore well water, river water, and ground alluvial soil.
Quantification of polyphenols with potential antioxidant properties in wines using reverse phase HPLC
Authors: Paixão Neuza , Pereira Vanda , Marques José C. , Câmara José S.
Published: June 2008

A RP‐HPLC method with photodiode array detection (DAD) was developed to separate, identify and quantify simultaneously the most representative phenolic compounds present in Madeira and Canary Islands wines. The optimized chromatographic method was carefully validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy and sensitivity. A high repeatability and a good stability of phenolics retention times (< 3%) were obtained, as well as relative peak area. Also high recoveries were achieved, over 80.3%. Polyphenols calibration curves showed a good linearity (r2 >0.994) within test ranges. Detection limits ranged between 0.03 and 11.5 μg/mL for the different polyphenols. A good repeatability was obtained, with intra‐day variations less than 7.9%. The described method was successfully applied to quantify several polyphenols in 26 samples of different kinds of wine (red, rosé and white wines) from Madeira and Canary Islands. Gallic acid was by far the most predominant acid. It represents more than 65% of all phenolics, followed by p‐coumaric and caffeic acids. The major flavonoid found in Madeira wines was trans‐resveratrol. In some wines, (–)‐epicatechin was also found in highest amount. Canary wines were shown to be rich in gallic, caffeic and p‐coumaric acids and quercetin.
Enantioseparation of kavain on Chiralpak IA under normal‐phase, polar organic and reversed‐phase conditions
Authors: Cirilli Roberto , Ferretti Rosella , Gallinella Bruno , Bilia Anna Rita , Vincieri Franco Francesco , La Torre Francesco
Published: June 2008

First baseline HPLC enantioseparation of kavain is described. Complete enantiodiscrimination was achieved on the immobilised‐type Chiralpak IA chiral stationary phase (CSP) using pure methanol and simple methanol‐water and ethanol‐water mixtures as eluents. A water‐dependent enantioselectivity was clearly demonstrated. Performance of the Chiralpak IA CSP in polar organic and RP conditions was compared with that of five coated polysaccharide‐derived CSPs used in normal‐phase mode.
Determination of aluminium using high performance chelation ion chromatography
Authors: Tria Juliette , Haddad Paul R. , Nesterenko Pavel N.
Published: June 2008

The suitability of high performance chelation ion chromatography (HPCIC) using postcolumn reaction for the separation and determination of dissolved aluminium in complex samples was investigated. Use of a chelating ion‐exchanger allowed for differentiation between kinetically labile and kinetically stable species of aluminium. Separation through a combination of chelation and cation‐exchange was achieved using a 200×4.0 mm id column packed with particles of silica functionalised with iminodiacetic acid, with nitric acid–potassium chloride eluents. A temperature anomaly causing a five‐fold increase in column efficiency for aluminium is believed to be a result of localised temperature effects in the particular type of instrument used. Postcolumn reagents investigated for the photometric detection included Tiron, Pyrocatechol Violet, Chrome Azurol S, and Eriochrome® Cyanine R. The lowest detection limit (2.7 μg/L for a 100 μL sample volume) was achieved using 0.25 mM Eriochrome Cyanine R in 0.2 M hexamine (pH 6.1) with 1 mM cetyltrimethylpyridium bromide (CTAB). The optimised HPCIC system was applied successfully to the quantification of labile aluminium in paper mill process water.
Protoporphyrin IX fluorescence photobleaching is a useful tool to predict the response of rat ovarian cancer following hexaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy
Authors: Ascencio Manuel , Collinet Pierre , Farine M.O. , Mordon Serge
Published: June 2008

Objective

Accurate dosimetry was shown to be critical to achieve effective photodynamic therapy (PDT). This study aimed to assess the reliability of in vivo protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence photobleaching as a predictive tool of the hexaminolevulinate PDT (HAL‐PDT) response in a rat model of advanced ovarian cancer.

Materials and Methods

Intraperitoneal 106 NuTu 19 cells were injected in 26 female rats Fisher 344. Peritoneal carcinomatosis was obtained 26 days post‐tumor induction. Four hours post‐intraperitoneal HAL (Photocure ASA, Oslo, Norway) injection, a laparoscopic procedure (D‐light AutoFluorescence system, Karl Storz endoscope, Tuttlingen, Germany) and a fluorescence examination were made for 22 rats. The first group (LASER group, n = 26) was illuminated with laser light using a 532 nm KTP laser (Laser Quantum, Stockport, UK) on 1 cm2 surface at 45 J/cm2. The second group (NO LASER group, n = 26) served as controls. Biopsies were taken 24 hours after PDT. Semi‐quantitative histology was performed and necrosis value was determined: 0—no necrosis to 4—full necrosis. Fluorescence was monitored before and after illumination on complete responders (NV = 3–4; n = 20) and non‐responders (NV = 0–2; n = 6).

Results

High PpIX photobleaching corresponded with complete responders whereas low photobleaching corresponded with non‐responders (P<0.05). A direct linear correlation was shown between photobleaching and necrosis (R2 = 0.89).

Conclusion

In vivo PpIX fluorescence photobleaching is useful to predict the tissue response to HAL‐PDT. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:332–341, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histological and modeling study of skin thermal injury to 2.0 μm laser irradiation
Authors: Chen Bo , Thomsen Sharon L. , Thomas Robert J. , Oliver Jeffrey , Welch Ashley J.
Published: June 2008

Background and Objective

Qualitative and quantitative gross histopathologic studies of skin damage were performed at 48 hours after irradiation with a 2.0 µm thulium CW laser to determine the mechanisms of laser effects in the skin under various exposure conditions.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Pig skin lesions were created at, below and beyond the threshold irradiation conditions for grossly apparent thermal lesions. Histological sections of these lesions were studied. For each threshold lesion, four quantitative histopathlogical parameters were measured: the widths of (1) epidermal necrosis at the surface, (2) the outer boundary of the thrombosis zone, (3) the depth of vascular thrombosis, and (4) the depth of perivascular inflammation (increased infiltrates of inflammatory cells) and edema. The quantitative histopathologic data were compared with predictions using an optical‐thermal‐damage model.

Results

Histologically, the thermal damage mechanisms for grossly apparent threshold lesions of persistent redness at 48 hours included necrosis of the epidermal cells, intravascular thrombosis and perivascular inflammation and edema in dermal blood vessels. At irradiation levels just below ‘gross threshold’, non‐lethal thermal effects, such as perivascular inflammation and edema were found in the histological sections. When the radiation reached about 1.5–2.5 times beyond the threshold, decrease of dermal collagen birefringence was observed.

Conclusions

A sequence of damage endpoints was defined in the skin as power increased. By choosing rate process coefficients to match specific mechanisms of lethal thermal damage, the optical‐thermal‐damage model is capable of predicting various types of thermal injury in the skin, such as epidermal necrosis, vascular thrombosis, and dermal collagen coagulation. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:358–370, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biochemical and morphological analysis of dentin following selective caries removal with a fluorescence‐controlled Er:YAG laser
Authors: Jepsen Søren , Açil Yahya , Peschel Thorsten , Kargas Konstantinos , Eberhard Jörg
Published: June 2008

Background and Objective

We evaluated the endpoint of caries removal with a novel fluorescence‐controlled Er:YAG laser by biochemical analysis of dentin collagen and electron microscopy.

Materials and Methods

For the biochemical analysis 210 carious and 60 caries‐free teeth were treated by a fluoresence controlled Er:YAG laser (n = 240) or by conventional drilling (n = 30). A layer of dentin from the cavity floor was removed to determine collagen crosslinks hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP) by HPLC. Thirty teeth were examined by SEM and TEM.

Results

Approximately 100% HP and LP were found in carious dentin, in contrast to 0.33% (HP) and 0.68% (LP) in sound dentin. Following caries removal by laser 0.84% (HP) and 1.26% (LP) and 1.56% (HP) and 2.48% (LP) (threshold level 5, respectively 10) were found.

Conclusion

The biochemical and ultrastructural analysis demonstrated the suitability of the fluorescence controlled Er:YAG laser to remove irreversibly denatured collagen of carious dentin. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:350–357, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization of treatment parameters for Foscan®‐PDT of basal cell carcinomas
Authors: Betz Christian S. , Rauschning Winrich , Stranadko Evgueni P. , Riabov Mikhail V. , Albrecht Volker , Nifantiev Nikolay E. , Hopper Colin
Published: June 2008

Background and Objective

Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most common form of skin cancers with high and increasing incidence rates. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with mTHPC (Foscan®) has shown to be a promising treatment alternative with good cosmetic results. The current study was aimed to determine optimal treatment parameters for this indication.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

mTHPC‐PDT was performed in 117 patients with a total of 460 BCCs with diagnosis confirmed by scratch cytology. Treatment parameters were altered as follows: Foscan® dose 0.03–0.15 mg/kg, drug‐light interval (DLI) 1–96 hours, total energy density 20–120 J/cm2. Outcomes were assessed 8 weeks post‐PDT following WHO guidelines.

Results

The overall rate of complete remissions (CR) was 96.7% and the cosmetic outcome was very good. In the largest subgroup (n = 80) where low‐dose Foscan® was applied (0.05 mg/kg mTHPC; 48 hours DLI; 50 J/cm2 total energy density), a CR rate of 100% with a high and narrow 95% Confidence Interval of 0.955–1.000 was achieved. Smaller variations of the treatment parameters (i.e., reducing the photosensitizer dose to 0.04 mg/kg or shortening the DLI to 24 hours) yielded similarly good results. Side effects were encountered in 52 out of 133 PDT sessions. They were more common in patients who had received high drug doses (0.06–0.15 mg/kg) and comprised mostly pain and phototoxic reactions. Three patients developed severe sunburns with subsequent scarring at the injection site following bright sunlight exposure 15–19 days after photosensitizer administration.

Conclusions

The presented data suggest that mTHPC‐PDT with the treatment parameters mentioned above seems to be an effective treatment option for BCCs. If sensibly applied, it is well tolerated and provides mostly excellent cosmetic results. Long‐term results are yet to be evaluated. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:300–311, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐pulsed dye laser versus intense pulsed light for photodamaged skin: A randomized split‐face trial with blinded response evaluation
Authors: Jørgensen Gitte F. , Hedelund Lene , Hædersdal Merete
Published: June 2008

Objective

In a randomized controlled split‐face trial to evaluate efficacy and adverse effects from rejuvenation with long‐pulsed dye laser (LPDL) versus intense pulsed light (IPL).

Materials and Methods

Twenty female volunteers with Fitzpatrick skin types I–III, classes I–II rhytids, and symmetrical split‐face photodamage were included in the study. Subjects received a series of three treatments at 3‐week intervals with half‐face LPDL (V‐beam Perfecta, 595 nm, Candela Laser Corporation) and half‐face IPL (Ellipse Flex, Danish Dermatologic Development); the interventions being randomly assigned to left and right sides. Primary end‐points were telangiectasias, irregular pigmentation and preferred treatment. Secondary end‐points were skin texture, rhytids, pain, and adverse effects. Efficacy was evaluated by patient self‐assessments and by blinded clinical on‐site and photographic evaluations at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Adverse effects were evaluated by blinded clinical on‐site evaluations.

Results

Telangiectasia improved from LPDL and IPL treatments with superior vessel clearance from LPDL treatments (postoperative side‐to‐side evaluations, patient self‐assessments, P≤0.031, 3, 6 months). Irregular pigmentation and skin texture improved from both treatments with no significant side‐to‐side differences. No reduction was seen of rhytides on LPDL‐ or IPL‐treated sides. Treatment‐related pain scores were significantly higher after IPL (medians 7–8) than LPDL (4.75–5.5) treatments (P<0.001). Adverse effects included erythema, oedema, and transient hyperpigmentation. Patients preferred LPDL‐ to IPL treatments (P≤0.031).

Conclusion

This study was based on two specific laser and IPL equipments, which found LPDL rejuvenation advantageous to IPL rejuvenation due to superior vessel clearance and less pain. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:293–299, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Irradiation with 780 nm diode laser attenuates inflammatory cytokines but upregulates nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated macrophages: Implications for the prevention of aneurysm progression
Authors: Gavish Lilach , Perez Louise S. , Reissman Petachia , Gertz S. David
Published: June 2008

Background and Objectives

Low level laser irradiation (LLLI) has been shown to reduce inflammation in a variety of clinical situations. We have shown that LLLI (780 nm) increases aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation and matrix protein secretion and modulates activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Inflammation is a major component of arteriosclerotic diseases including aneurysm. Macrophage recruitment and secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and the vasodilator, nitric oxide (NO), are central to most immune responses in the arterial wall. The present study was designed to determine the effect of LLLI on cytokine gene expression and secretion as well as gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated macrophages.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Murine monocyte/macrophages (RAW 264.7) were irradiated with a 780 nm diode laser (2 mW/cm2, 2.2 J/cm2) during stimulation with LPS (0, 0.1, and 1 µg/ml). Gene expression of chemokines, cytokines, and iNOS were assessed by RT‐PCR. Secretion of interleukin (IL)‐1β and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1 and NO were assessed by ELISA and the Griess reaction, respectively.

Results

LLLI reduced gene expression of MCP‐1, IL‐1α, IL‐10 (P<0.01), IL‐1β, and IL‐6 (P<0.05) when cells were stimulated by 1 µg/ml LPS. LLLI reduced LPS‐induced secretion of MCP‐1 over non‐irradiated cells by 17±5% and 13±5% at 12 hours (0.1 and 1 µg/ml LPS; P<0.01 and P = 0.05, respectively), and reduced IL‐1β by 22±5% and 25±9% at 24 hours (0.1 and 1 µg/ml LPS, P = 0.01 and P = 0.06, respectively). However, LLLI increased NO secretion after 12 hours (LLLI vs. Control: without LPS, 1.72±0.37 vs. 0.95±0.4 µM, P<0.05; 0.1 µg/ml LPS, 7.46±1.62 vs. 4.44±1.73 µM, P = 0.06; 1 µg/ml LPS, 10.91±3.53 vs. 6.88±1.52 µM, P<0.05).

Conclusions

These properties of LLLI, with its effects on smooth muscle cells reported previously, may be of profound therapeutic relevance for arterial diseases such as aneurysm where inflammatory processes and weakening of the matrix structure of the arterial wall are major pathologic components. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:371–378, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo real time monitoring of vasoconstriction and vasodilation by a combined diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and Doppler optical coherence tomography approach
Authors: Douplik A. , Morofke D. , Chiu S. , Bouchelev V. , Mao L. , Yang V.X.D. , Vitkin A.
Published: June 2008

Background and Objectives

A combined diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy and doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) approach may offer a powerful means for assessment of tissue function, and potentially provide a way for earlier cancer detection through non‐invasive local blood supply measurements. The goal of the study was to compare a DR‐derived blood‐content‐related index to a measure of local blood supply flow as furnished by DOCT during manipulations with blood circulation (vasoconstriction and vasodilation), investigate similarities and differences, complementarity of techniques, and then applying these results to the underlying biology.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Simultaneous DR–DOCT measurements of local blood supply were conducted during drug and mechanically‐induced vasoconstriction and vasodilatation on an externalized intact rat gut in vivo. A simple heuristic metric, termed Blood Supply Index was derived from the spectroscopic DR data. This metric variance due to mechanical and pharmacological manipulation of the local blood supply was recorded, and compared with that of two DOCT‐derived metrics, namely normalized blood velocity (vrel) and blood vessel diameter (D).

Summary and Conclusions

During vasoconstriction and vasodilatation, the local blood response was successfully visualized by both DOCT and DR metrics and a reproducible correlation was found between these two measurements. A combined DR‐DOCT approach may evolve into a technologically‐viable method for cross‐validation of the derived haemodynamic metrics, yielding a more reliable functional tissue assessment tool for accurate cancer diagnosis and staging. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:323–331, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Harvesting of intraoral autogenous block grafts from the chin and ramus region: Preliminary results with a variable square pulse Er:YAG laser
Authors: Stübinger Stefan , Nuss Katja , Landes Constantin , von Rechenberg Brigitte , Sader Robert
Published: June 2008

Background and Objectives

It was the aim of this pilot study to evaluate the feasibility, benefits and limitations of a variable square pulse (VSP) Er:YAG laser for harvesting intraoral bone grafts from either the chin or ramus region.

Materials and Methods

In 12 patients (5 female, 7 male) a VSP Er:YAG laser was used to harvest bone grafts either from the ramus (3) or the symphyseal area (9). For the osteotomies, the Er:YAG laser was applied with a pulse energy of 1,000 mJ, a pulse duration of 300 microseconds, and a frequency of 12 Hz (energy density 157 J/cm2). The spot size was 0.9 mm and the handpiece was kept at a distance of about 10 mm from the bone surface.

Results

There was no visible carbonization or osseous debris on the surface of the osteotomy gap. Damage of adjacent soft tissue structures by mechanical or thermal trauma was minimal. Cutting efficiency was excellent and the overall time required for the procedure was not increased. However, due to a free manual positioning of the laser beam in the non‐contact mode, it was difficult to get a well defined osteotomy line without irregularities on the surface. Slight deviations of the original angulation of the laser beam led to considerable bone loss which restricted osteotomy of ramus grafts to three cases. Depth control was limited to visual inspection.

Conclusion

The bone ablation technique using a (VSP) Er:YAG laser yielded superior clinical results without impairment of wound healing and in comparison to other laser systems, no significant time loss occurred. Yet, the missing depth control and the necessity of carefully handling the laser beam position and its angulation limit the use of a (VSP) Er:YAG laser to regions where a safe and fixed guidance of the laser beam is feasible. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:312–318, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fractional photothermolysis for the treatment of granuloma annulare: A case report
Authors: Karsai Syrus , Hammes Stefan , Rütten Arno , Raulin Christian
Published: June 2008

Background and Objective

To date, reports on the safe and effective laser treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare (GA) are still limited.

Study Design/Patient and Methods

A 58‐year‐old Caucasian female with disseminated GA was treated with fractional photothermolysis (FP) using a 1,440‐nm Nd:YAG laser. Four lesions on the patient's left upper arm were defined as the “test region” with the remaining untreated areas serving as controls.

Results

A complete remission was achieved after two to three treatment sessions. Treatments were well tolerated. Due to the controlled study design, a spontaneous remission was unlikely.

Conclusion

We conclude that FP may be a potentially efficacious therapeutic approach and should be considered in managing generalized GA. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:319–322, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatial variations of sensible heat flux over an urban area measured using Doppler lidar
Authors: Davis J. C. , Collier C. G. , Davies F. , Bozier K. E.
Published: June 2008

The terrain and morphology of an urban area have a major impact upon the distribution of sensible heat flux and consequently the energy balance of the boundary layer. The spatial distribution of sensible heat flux is difficult to measure, particularly in cities. In this article the potential of a scanning Doppler lidar to make these measurements is explored. The measurements of sensible heat flux are interpreted using a simple trajectory model and an energy balance model. The lidar does seem to offer a practical measurement technique, although the system employed in this study does not have sufficient resolution to provide detailed values over small areas. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
The 3‐D bifurcation and limit cycles in a food‐chain model
Authors: Zhu Lemin , Huang Xuncheng
Published: June 2008

In this paper, by using a corollary to the center manifold theorem, we show that the 3‐D food‐chain model studied by many authors undergoes a 3‐D Hopf bifurcation, and then we obtain the existence of limit cycles for the 3‐D differential system. The methods used here can be extended to many other 3‐D differential equation models. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum: Design and implementation of capacitive coupled‐line structure bandstop filters
Authors: Her Man‐Long , Hsu Ming‐Wei , Ko Wen , Wang Yu‐Lin , Wang Kuo‐Ming , Wang Chia‐An , Hsu Chou‐Jung
Published: June 2008

Originally published Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1363–1368, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2480, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23625
Erratum: Photorefractive properties of double‐doped HF:CE:LINBO3 crystals
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wang Biao , Yuan Wei , Ling Furi , Ma Decai , Ne Yiran
Published: June 2008

Originally published Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1693–1695, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2481, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23626
Multiplexing of fiber Bragg grating pairs for sensing based on optical low coherence technology
Authors: Liu Weisheng , Guan Zuguang
Published: June 2008

A new multiplexing scheme of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) sensing system is presented. Each sensing element is a pair of identical FBGs, with one working as sensing FBG and the other working as a reference. Multiplexing of the FBG pairs is achieved based on optical low coherence technology. A measurement of strain is demonstrated to verify good performance of the system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2437–2439, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23628
An alternative analytical reduction scheme in the time‐domain layered finite element reduction recovery method for high‐frequency IC design
Authors: Gan Houle , Jiao Dan
Published: June 2008

An alternative analytical reduction scheme was proposed in the time‐domain layered finite element reduction recovery (LAFE‐RR) method for the analysis of high‐frequency integrated circuits. This alternative reduction scheme permits the use of general absorbing boundary conditions in the framework of a time‐domain LAFE‐RR method. In addition, it allows for an application of the LAFE‐RR method to circuit problems in which the system matrices in multiple regions need to be reduced separately. Numerical and experimental results are given to demonstrate its validity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2337–2341, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23630
Input impedance calculation of dipole antenna using FDTD method
Authors: Yu Wenhua , Yang Xiaoling , Liu Yongjun , Mittra Raj , Lu Yongquan , Wang Pai , Che Qing , Lu Rui
Published: June 2008

Since the input impedance of half wavelength dipole antenna is well known, therefore, a dipole antenna is frequently used to validate the computational electromagnetic method. Though its structure is relatively simple, it is not a simple problem for the most computational electromagnetic methods. In this article, we investigate the input impedance of half wavelength dipole antenna using the FDTD method. Numerical experiments have demonstrated that the FDTD method can be used to accurately calculate its input impedance using uniform mesh, nonuniform mesh, or subgridding. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2335–2337, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23631
Modified rectangular monopole antenna having frequency band‐notch function for UWB applications
Authors: Song Yue , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Zhang Fu‐Shun , Zhang Li , Zhao Hui , Weng Zi‐Bin
Published: June 2008

A novel modified rectangular monopole antenna having frequency band‐notch function for UWB applications is proposed. To increase the impedance bandwidth, a meandered strip and a parasitical stub are used. By a small patch connected between the modified rectangular patch and a parasitical stub, a frequency‐notched response at 5.8 GHz is obtained. The designed antenna satisfies the voltage standing wave ratio requirement of less than 2.0 in the frequency band between 3 and 13 GHz while showing the band rejection performance in the frequency band of 4.9–6.2 GHz. Simulations and measurements are presented for the proposed antenna. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2309–2311, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).DOI 10.1002/mop.23632
Circular polarization square‐slot antenna for dual‐band operation
Authors: Tseng Lin‐Yu , Han Tuan‐Yung
Published: June 2008

The design of a printed slot antenna with dual‐band circular polarization (CP) characteristic is presented. The proposed antenna is excited by an L‐shaped strip with a taper end, connected in series to a microstrip‐line‐fed located along the diagonal line of the square‐slot. Wide impedance and 3 dB axial‐ratio bandwidth (CP bandwidth) are measured and the proposed design is suitable for 802.11 a/b/g and WCDMA operations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2307–2309, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).DOI 10.1002/mop.23633
Millimeter‐wave ultra‐wideband bandpass filter based on liquid crystal polymer substrates for automotive radar systems
Authors: Zhang Xia , Liu Johan , Cai Peng , Kärnfelt Camilla , Wang Xu , Ma Shiwei , Morris James , Zirath Herbert
Published: June 2008

A novel and compact millimeter‐wave microstrip ultra‐wideband bandpass filter working over 22–29‐GHz band based on liquid crystal polymer substrates for automotive radar systems is developed for the first time in this article. By using a dual‐mode ring resonator and novel parallel‐coupled input/output feed structure, an ultra‐wideband bandpass filter is realized. After optimization of the design and process, the filter is fabricated on liquid crystal polymer substrates using standard processing technology. Simulations and measurements are compared and discussed. The fabricated filter exhibits a return loss lever better than 20 dB, an insertion loss of 8 dB, and a 3‐dB bandwidth of 25%, which agreed well with simulated results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2276–2280, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).DOI 10.1002/mop.23634
Effect of an enlarged substrate on performance of a partially reflective antenna
Authors: Chang The Nan , Chiou Yi‐Shin
Published: June 2008

Conventionally, partially reflective surface antenna contains a highly reflective sheet. It is usually constructed by closely spaced metal elements and its size is equal to that of the supported substrate. In this letter, size of the dielectric material is made larger than that of the reflective sheet. We found that the enlarged surrounding dielectric rim can increase the antenna efficiency. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2275–2276, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).DOI 10.1002/mop.23635
Printed monopole slot antenna for penta‐band operation in the folder‐type mobile phone
Authors: Lin Chun‐I , Wong Kin‐Lu
Published: June 2008

A monopole slot antenna suitable for folder‐type mobile phone application is presented. The antenna is placed at the hinge position of the mobile phone and occupies a small area of 15 × 40 mm2on the top portion of the main circuit board of the mobile phone. The antenna can generate two wide operating bands to cover GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS penta‐band operation for the mobile phone in either the open state (talk condition) or close state (standby condition), although the two states have different ground plane conditions for the antenna. This behavior is achieved by connecting the upper ground of the folder‐type mobile phone to its main ground on the main circuit board not at the hinge position but at about the center of the side edge of the main ground where the excited surface current distributions are small. This greatly reduces the effects of the different orientations of the upper ground to the main ground on the antenna performances in the open and close states. Good radiation characteristics of the antenna over the operating bands are also obtained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2237–2242, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).DOI 10.1002/mop.23636
Low‐sidelobe circular‐polarized microstrip array for 2.45 GHz RFID readers
Authors: Sun Zhu , Zhong Shun‐Shi , Tang Xiao‐Rong , Chen Kuang‐Da
Published: June 2008

A microstrip antenna array with a low sidelobe level and circular polarization for the 2.45 GHz RFID reader application is introduced. The measured results show that the array achieves a sidelobe level of −26 dB, the axial ratio of under 3 dB within main lobe, a VSWR ≤2 impedance bandwidth of 62 MHz (2.420–2.482 GHz). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2235–2237, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).DOI 10.1002/mop.23637