bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic resection of dorsal wrist ganglion
Authors: Patel Mihir R , Butala Ushma K , Chauhan Vikram D , Thakor Nirlepsinh S
Published: August 2016

Background: The management of dorsal wrist ganglion ranges from benign neglect to surgical excision. The purpose of this study was to study the results of arthroscopic resection of dorsal wrist ganglion.

Methods: Twenty one patients who had undergone arthroscopic dorsal wrist ganglion excision and a minimum of 3 months follow up were included. The preoperative complaint of cosmesis, pain, and duration of swelling, wrist range of motion and size of the ganglion were noted. The duration the patient took to return to a painless wrist with full range of motion was noted. Patient satisfaction with respect to cosmesis and function was noted.

Results: The mean age was 23.3 years (range: 13 to 35 years). Pre-operative wrist pain was present in 17 patients and cosmesis was a complaint in 18 patients. 5 patients had a pre-operative restricted range of motion. The mean duration and size of the ganglion was 2.6 months (range: 2 to 4 months) and1.8cm (range: 1 to 3 cm) respectively. The mean duration of follow up was 14.6 months (range: 3 to 24 months). Arthroscopically, dorsal synovitis was present in 10 patients, triangular-fibro-cartilage-complex (TFCC) tear in 2 patients and chondral damage in 1 patient. The ganglion stalk was visualized in 14 patients. Complete painless wrist range of motion was obtained by 20 patients by 3 weeks post-operative.  One patient had a recurrence. All the remaining patients were satisfied cosmetically and functionally with the results.
Conclusions: Arthroscopic resection is an effective treatment modality for symptomatic dorsal wrist ganglion with good functional and cosmetic results.
Нужен ли нам наш российский Джеффри Билл?
Authors: Алимова Наталья Константиновна
Published: August 2016

В статье делается попытка привлечь внимание к одному из наиболее насущных вопросов научно-публикационной сферы – оценке качества научных журналов, в частности, составлению так называемых «черных списков», которые начали появляться с завидной регулярностью из самых разных источников. В ситуации информационного голода любые подобные списки сразу же становятся объектом пристального внимания научной общественности. При этом остается без внимания ключевой вопрос – кто и по каким критериям составлял эти списки. А опыт показывает, что составители журнальных рейтингов и антирейтингов не готовы нести ответственность за достоверность и актуальность публикуемых или данных, что вряд ли можно признать соответствующим нормам научно-публикационной этики и профессиональной этики вообще. Эта ситуация требует более подробного анализа, который мы представим в следующих публикациях.
Diagnóstico e tendência da precipitação pluvial em Bom Jesus - Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Medeiros Raimundo Mainar , Silva Virgínia Mirtes de Alcântara , Melo Valneli da Silva , Menezes Hudson Ellen Alencar , Menezes Hamstrong Ellen Alencar
Published: August 2016

Com o objetivo de analisar a distribuição temporal e a tendência da precipitação pluvial para o município de Bom Jesus - PI relacionando o estudo com regressão linear e medidas de tendência central e de dispersão dos índices pluviométricos mensais e anuais, a estação chuvosa dura seis meses (novembro a abril) com valor médio do período de 875,1 mm, correspondendo a 88,86% da precipitação anual. Em 55 anos de precipitação observada sua média histórica é de 984,8 mm. Conforme a análise de regressão linear da série histórica de precipitação do período de 1960 a 2014, a tendência de maior variabilidade da precipitação centra-se entre os meses de novembro a abril, e os menores índices pluviométricos centra-se entre os meses de maio a setembro, que possui baixos índices pluviométricos.

Diagnosis and trend rainfall in Bom Jesus - Piauí, Brazil

Abstract: With the objective of analyse the temporal distribution and trend of rainfall for the city of Bom Jesus - PI related study with linear regression and measures of central tendency and dispersion of the monthly and annual rainfall, the six-month rainy season (November to April) with an average value of875.1 mm period, corresponding to 88.86% of the annual precipitation. In 55 years of rainfall observed its historical average is984.8 mm. As will analysis Linear regression of the time series period of rainfall 1960-2014, the trend of increased rainfall variability focuses during the months from November to April, and the lowest rainfall is centered between the months of May to September, that It has low rainfall.
Salivary Concentrations of Interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐17A, and IL‐23 Vary in Relation to Periodontal Status
Authors: Liukkonen Joonas , Gürsoy Ulvi K. , Pussinen Pirkko J. , Suominen Anna L. , Könönen Eija
Published: August 2016

Background: Interleukin (IL)‐23‐induced T helper (Th) 17 pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. This study’s aim is to determine levels of IL‐1β, IL‐17A, IL‐23, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in saliva, and to examine whether their salivary concentrations are associated with periodontal health status.

Methods: Saliva samples originated from 220 participants; 76 had generalized periodontitis (GP) and 65 had localized periodontitis (LP), whereas 79 without periodontitis were used as controls. Cytokine analyses were performed by a flow cytometry–based technique and LPS analyses from pellet by commercially optimized assay coupled with chromogenic substrate.

Results: Salivary concentrations of IL‐17A and IL‐23 were elevated significantly in patients with LP compared with controls and patients with GP. Salivary IL‐1β concentrations were significantly higher in patients with GP than in patients with LP, whereas no difference was found between LP and control groups. Significant correlation was found between concentrations of IL‐17A and IL‐23 or IL‐1β. LPS concentrations did not have significant associations with any of the tested ILs.

Conclusion: Elevated salivary IL‐1β concentrations are related to GP, whereas distinct elevation and reduction profiles of IL‐17A and IL‐23 are detected in saliva of patients with LP and GP.
La colección de incunables de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia: tras las huellas y vacíos de su formación
Authors: López Arévalo Robinson
Published: August 2016

Este texto hace un recorrido por la forma en que se reunió la colección de incunables que hacen parte del acervo bibliográfico de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia, manifestando cómo han sido sometidos a diferentes organizaciones, sistemas de catalogación y ubicaciones. Factores como: el motivo y momento de la entrada de los libros dan cuenta de la relación que los individuos y las comunidades han tenido con el libro antiguo. Para su elaboración se indagó en los diferentes catálogos e índices que ha tenido la Biblioteca y en los informes de los directores de la misma. Éste constituye un primer paso hacia el reconocimiento y la difusión del patrimonio bibliográfico colombiano.
Usage of Nest Materials of House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Along an Urban to Rural Gradient in Coimbatore, India
Authors: Dhanya Radhamany  , Karumampoyil Sakthidas Anoop Das  , Parappurath Abdul Azeez  , Longying Wen  , Leelambika Krishnan Sreekala
Published: August 2016

The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a widely distributed bird species found throughout the world. Being a species which has close association with humans, they chiefly nest on man-made structures. Here we describe the materials used by the house sparrow for making nests along an urban to rural gradient. For the current study, we selected the Coimbatore to Anaikatty road (State Highway-164), a 27 km inter-state highway, which traverses along an urban core to rural outstretch of Coimbatore. Of the 30 nests observed, 15 nests were from the rural, 8 were from the suburban, and 7 were from the urban areas. The nests had two distinct layers, specifically the structural layer and the inner lining. In the current study, we identified 11 plant species, 2 types of animal matter, and 6 types of anthropogenic matter, including plastic pieces and fine rope. The amount of anthropogenic materials in the nest formation varied along the gradients. The usage of anthropogenic materials was high in urban areas (p<0.05) whereas it did not differ at the sub-urban regions (p>0.05). A gradual decrease in the usage of plant matter towards the urban area was noticed (p<0.05). This study explicitly documents the links between nest material usage along an urban to rural gradient, in a human associated bird.

 

Burung ciak rumah (Passer domesticus) merupakan spesies burung yang tersebar luas di seluruh dunia. Spesies ini mempunyai perhubungan yang dekat dengan manusia, maka ia bersarang atas struktur-struktur buatan manusia. Di sini, kami menerangkan tentang bahan-bahan yang digunakan oleh burung ciak rumah untuk membina sarang sepanjang gradien kawasan bandar ke luar bandar. Untuk kajian ini, kami telah memilih jalan Coimbatore ke Anaikatty (State Highway-164), satu jalan lebuh raya 27 km panjang, yang melalui satu kawasan bandar ke luar bandar di Coimbatore. Daripada 30 sarang yang diperhatikan, 15 merupakan dari kawasan luar bandar, 8 daripada kawasan subbandar, dan 7 dari kawasan bandar. Sarang-sarang tersebut mempunyai 2 lapisan jelas, iaitu lapisan struktural dan lapisan dalaman. Dalam kajian ini, kami telah mengenal pasti 11 spesies tumbuhan, 2 jenis bahan haiwan, dan 6 jenis bahan antropogenik, termasuk kepingan plastik dan tali halus. Bilangan bahan antropogenik berbeza mengikut gradien kawasan. Penggunaan bahan antropogenik tinggi di kawasan bandar (p<0.05) manakala tidak ada perbezaan nyata di kawasan-kawasan subbandar (p>0.05). Satu pengurangan beransur penggunaan bahan tumbuhan mengarah ke kawasan bandar telah dikenal pasti (p<0.05). Kajian ini telah menunjukkan perhubungan antara penggunaan bahan untuk membina sarang sepanjang gradien kawasan bandar ke luar bandar, untuk burung yang berkaitan rapat dengan manusia.
Use of Spectral Character to Evaluate Soil Organic Matter
Authors: Wang Chao , Feng Mei-chen , Yang Wu-de , Ding Guang-wei , Wang Hui-qin , Li Zhi-hua , Sun Hui , Shi Chao-chao
Published: August 2016

Core Ideas

Reflectance spectroscopy was used to characterize soil properties.

Continuum‐removed processing was utilized to achieve absorbed peaks and absorbed characters.

Multiple liner regression and PLS methods were also applied and compared for assessment.

Variable importance in projection was used for evaluation.

To estimate soil organic matter (SOM) and evaluate the performance of a SOM prediction model with two different soil particle sizes (sieved soil and nonsieved soil), multivariate statistical analysis is applied to construct an SOM model with absorption peak parameters derived from the continuum‐removed (CR) method. In this study, 107 samples from Exp. 1 were randomly categorized into 86 samples as a calibration set and 21 samples as a validation set to construct the SOM models. The second field experiment, which included 47 samples, was also implemented to validate the spectral absorption peak parameters of SOM. The results indicated that the SOM models based on the nonsieved soil (R2 > 0.692; RMSE < 6.018) had better performance than the sieved soil (R2 < 0.627; RMSE > 6.732). The most accurate SOM model was based on the multiple liner regression (MLR) method. The SOM models constructed with the partial least squares regression (PLSR) method were stable and also showed a moderate prediction for both nonsieved soil and sieved soil. Moreover, the important absorption peak parameters (trend slopes [TS] at 2410 nm, spectral absorption index [SAI] at 1320 nm, and TS at 662 nm for nonsieved; SAI at 892 nm, TS at 2345 nm, and absorption depth [H] at 669 nm for sieved soil) were determined to be related to SOM by using the PLSR method. Therefore, the combination of multivariate statistical methods (MLR and PLSR) provides a foundation to estimate SOM.
Impact of Preferential and Lateral Flows of Water on Single‐Ring Measured Infiltration Process and Its Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jing , Lei Tingwu , Chen Tianqin
Published: August 2016

Core Ideas

A special device was developed to visually display the infiltration process.

Impacts of preferential and lateral flow on infiltration rates were measured.

Mathematical models were derived to correct the measured infiltration rates.

The corrected infiltration processes agreed well with the 1D values.

To improve the measurement accuracy of the soil infiltration rate, we studied the effects of preferential flow caused by the gap between the soil profile and the ring wall during its installation and lateral flow induced by the three‐dimensional impact of a single ring on the infiltration process. Laboratory experiments using silt loam taken from Beijing were conducted with a device designed to produce a soil profile that could visually display water movement during infiltration in the soil. Observations of the wetted soil profile inside and under the halved ring during the infiltration process were used to partition rates from the soil surface, preferential flow, and lateral movement of water. Mathematical models were derived to correct the measured infiltration rates affected by preferential and lateral flows during the initial and steady infiltration stages. Results indicated that in the initial infiltration stage (0–17 min), the preferential flow significantly increased the measured infiltration rates. Error caused by preferential flow ranged from 207 to 121%. In the following infiltration stage (17–120 min), the contribution of lateral flow ranged from 21 to 77%. Steady infiltration rates estimated with the modified model were 7% higher than those of one‐dimensional infiltration rates, and saturated hydraulic conductivities measured by single ring infiltrometer were 15% higher than rates estimated by the constant head method, which may have been caused by higher static water pressure inside the ring caused by preferential flow passage. This study offers a new analysis of ponded single‐ring infiltrometer data.
Risk-adjusted antibiotic consumption in 34 public acute hospitals in Ireland, 2006 to 2014
Authors: Oza Ajay , Donohue Fionnuala , Johnson Howard , Cunney Robert
Published: August 2016

As antibiotic consumption rates between hospitals can vary depending on the characteristics of the patients treated, risk-adjustment that compensates for the patient-based variation is required to assess the impact of any stewardship measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of patient-based administrative data variables for adjusting aggregate hospital antibiotic consumption rates. Data on total inpatient antibiotics and six broad subclasses were sourced from 34 acute hospitals from 2006 to 2014. Aggregate annual patient administration data were divided into explanatory variables, including major diagnostic categories, for each hospital. Multivariable regression models were used to identify factors affecting antibiotic consumption. Coefficient of variation of the root mean squared errors (CV-RMSE) for the total antibiotic usage model was very good (11%), however, the value for two of the models was poor (> 30%). The overall inpatient antibiotic consumption increased from 82.5 defined daily doses (DDD)/100 bed-days used in 2006 to 89.2 DDD/100 bed-days used in 2014; the increase was not significant after risk-adjustment. During the same period, consumption of carbapenems increased significantly, while usage of fluoroquinolones decreased. In conclusion, patient-based administrative data variables are useful for adjusting hospital antibiotic consumption rates, although additional variables should also be employed.
Public Inquiries and Law Reform Institutions: “Truth Finding” and “Truth Producing”
Authors: Des Rosiers Nathalie
Published: August 2016

This article examines how the Murdered and Missing Indigenous Women and Girls Inquiry (MMIWGI) will be evaluated and what it means for its design and ambitions. It argues that a public inquiry, like a law reform body, must aim to be a “truth-finding” body as well as a “truth-producing” enterprise. It must understand itself as wanting to create the right leverage so that meaningful changes can occur, irrespective of whether its recommendations are immediately adopted or not. It can accomplish such a goal by having a process that becomes the message, by ensuring that it does not get derailed, and by proposing recommendations that set the stage for change, such as addressing the accountability vacuum and aiming to design a process that models the values and behaviour that it wants other institutions to adopt.

In this case, the MMIWGI's process must be grounded in strong reconciliation values that reflect an ethic of care that is responsive to families' needs, respects Indigenous laws, Nation-to-Nation dialogue, elders and traditional knowledge keepers, and work towards fairness for all, transparency, and independence. It should be alert to the risks of unfairness or excessive time or money that may decrease public support. Its recommendations should focus on gathering data, accountability mechanisms for under-policing, engaging multiple audiences in the transformative agenda, and presenting a bold vision of Indigenous women and girls' safety. The message is that the MMIWGI must challenge itself to be an instrument of change for the future—it is not an end in itself. The MMIWGI will be a “truth-finding” inquiry, it must also become a “truth-producing” vehicle.
Post Treatment Complication of Enteric Fever: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Paul Nibedita , Islam Md Rafiqul , Nusrat Nadia , Rahman Farhana , Hasan Mahamudul
Published: August 2016

Background: Enteric fever is one of the common infectious diseases worldwide. Ceftriaxone is the most commonly used sensitive antibiotic for enteric fever. Biliary sludge is an important complication of ceftriaxone. Biliary sludge refers to a viscous mixture of small particles derived from bile. These sediments consist of cholesterol crystals, calcium salts, calcium bilirubinate, mucin, and other materials. For patients without symptoms, no treatment is recommended. If patients become symptomatic and/or develop complications, cholecystectomy is indicated. This is case report of a 9 year old boy diagnosed as a case of enteric fever and treated with appropriate dose of ceftriaxone for 8 days. On the day of discharge, at night the boy developed severe abdominal pain. They took surgical consultation; ultrasonography of whole abdomen was done which revealed multiple calculi in gall bladder. Symptomatic treatment was planned followed by surgical removal of biliary calculi. After 20 days they took surgical consultation again. Surgeon was ready to perform surgery. The worried mother requested for repeat USG of whole abdomen and this time finding was normal. We must be aware about side effects of ceftriaxone. Patients should be followed up after completion of treatmentand as biliary sludge is often self-limiting and surgery is not required for all cases.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2016 4(2): 97-100
Variation in morphological attributes and yield of tomato cultivars
Authors: Malaker Amit , Hossain AKM Zakir , Akter Tahmina , Khan Md Shariful Hasan
Published: August 2016

A pot experiment was carried out in the grill house of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period of mid December 2014 to mid April 2015. The experiment conducted with five treatments (five tomato genotypes) and employed in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. Of the five genotypes two were obtained Japan (Pasta and Mimi) and the rest three from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). Genetic variations appeared for morphological and phenological characters and yield attributes in the five tomato genotypes. Taller plants with higher number of branches were observed in the Japanese genotype (Mimi) while number of days required to initiate flower and fruit initiation and fruit maturity were shorter in BARI tomato 12 and BARI tomato 14. Flower and fruit productions plant-1 was higher in BARI released tomato cultivars, therefore, the tomato yield was also higher in those cultivars.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(2): 287-294, August 2016
A study on prevalence of peste des petits ruminant (PPR) in goat at Bagmara upazilla at Rajshahi district in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Mostafijur , Alam Khondoker Jahengir , Alam Md Shah , Hasan Md Mahmudul , Moonmoon Monalisha
Published: August 2016

A study was conducted at Bagmara upazilla under the district of Rajshahi in Bangladesh during the period of 2 month from 20 September 2015 to 14 November 2015 to determine the prevalence of PPR in goat. A total of 72 diseases cases were recorded randomly irrespective of age, sex and breed over the study period. In the present study the overall prevalence of PPR in goat was 27.78%. In black Bengal goat, the prevalence of PPR in different age group i.e. up to 6 month, 7-12 month, 13-19 month, above 19 month were 18.18%, 42.30%, 22.22% and 12.50%, respectively. Over all, female black bengal goat (46.42%) was more infected than male (12.00%). The prevalence of PPR in different age group i.e. 7-12 month, 13-19 month were 42.85% and 25.00%, respectively; and males (16.66%) and female (23.07%) of Jamunapari goat were recorder. In general, black bengal goats have the higher prevalence (30.18%) than Jamunapari goat (21.05%). The nonimmunized goat showed higher prevalence (38.77%) than immunized (4.34%) goat. All data were analyzed by using ?2 tests with P value at (P<0.05) level of significance.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(2): 339-344, August 2016
Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Nanoparticles in Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
Authors: Au Minnie , Emeto Theophilus , Power Jacinta , Vangaveti Venkat , Lai Hock
Published: August 2016

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease with a five year survival rate of less than 5%, which is associated with late presentation. In recent years, research into nanomedicine and the use of nanoparticles as therapeutic agents for cancers has increased. This article describes the latest developments in the use of nanoparticles, and evaluates the risks and benefits of nanoparticles as an emerging therapy for pancreatic cancer. The Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was used. Studies were extracted by searching the Embase, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to 18 March 2016 with no language restrictions. Clinical trials involving the use of nanoparticles as a therapeutic or prognostic option in patients with pancreatic cancer were considered. Selected studies were evaluated using the Jadad score for randomised control trials and the Therapy CA Worksheet for intervention studies. Of the 210 articles found, 10 clinical trials including one randomised control trial and nine phase I/II clinical trials met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. These studies demonstrated that nanoparticles can be used in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents increasing their efficacy whilst reducing their toxicity. Increased efficacy of treatment with nanoparticles may improve the clinical outcomes and quality of life in patients with pancreatic cancer, although the long-term side effects are yet to be defined. The study registration number is CRD42015020009.
Effect on Particulate and Gas Emissions by Combusting Biodiesel Blend Fuels Made from Different Plant Oil Feedstocks in a Liquid Fuel Burner
Authors: Abdul Rahim Norwazan , Mohd Jaafar Mohammad , Sapee Syazwana , Elraheem Hazir
Published: August 2016

This paper focuses on the combustion performance of various blends of biodiesel fuels and diesel fuel from lean to rich mixtures. The biodiesel blend fuel combustion experiments were carried out using a liquid fuel burner and biodiesel fuel made from various plant oil feedstocks, including jatropha, palm and coconut oils. The results show that jatropha oil methyl ester blend 25 (JOME B25) and coconut oil methyl ester blend 25 (COME B25) blended at 25% by volume in diesel fuel produced lower carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions due to more complete combustion. Overall, JOME B25 had the highest CO emission reduction, at about 42.25%, followed by COME B25 at 26.44% emission reduction relative to pure diesel fuel. By contrast, the palm oil methyl ester blend 25 (POME B25) showed a 48.44% increase in these emissions. The results showed that the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were slightly higher for all biodiesel blend fuels compared with pure diesel fuel combustion. In case of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and UHC emissions, all biodiesel blends fuels have significantly reduced emissions. In the case of SO2 emission, the POME B25, JOME B25 and COME B25 emissions were reduced 14.62%, 14.45% and 21.39%, respectively, relative to SO2 emission from combusting pure diesel fuel. UHC emissions of POME B25, JOME B25 and COME B25 showed 51%, 71% and 70% reductions, respectively, compared to diesel fuel. The conclusion from the results is that all the biodiesel blend fuels are suitable and can be recommended for use in liquid fuel burners in order to get better and ‘greener’ environmental outcomes.
Trichostatin A Enhances the Apoptotic Potential of Palladium Nanoparticles in Human Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhang Xi-Feng , Yan Qi , Shen Wei , Gurunathan Sangiliyandi
Published: August 2016

Cervical cancer ranks seventh overall among all types of cancer in women. Although several treatments, including radiation, surgery and chemotherapy, are available to eradicate or reduce the size of cancer, many cancers eventually relapse. Thus, it is essential to identify possible alternative therapeutic approaches for cancer. We sought to identify alternative and effective therapeutic approaches, by first synthesizing palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs), using a novel biomolecule called saponin. The synthesized PdNPs were characterized by several analytical techniques. They were significantly spherical in shape, with an average size of 5 nm. Recently, PdNPs gained much interest in various therapies of cancer cells. Similarly, histone deacetylase inhibitors are known to play a vital role in anti-proliferative activity, gene expression, cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis in various cancer cells. Therefore, we selected trichostatin A (TSA) and PdNPs and studied their combined effect on apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Cells treated with either TSA or PdNPs showed a dose-dependent effect on cell viability. The combinatorial effect, tested with 50 nM TSA and 50 nMPdNPs, had a more dramatic inhibitory effect on cell viability, than either TSA or PdNPs alone. The combination of TSA and PdNPs had a more pronounced effect on cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase-3/9 activity and expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes. Our data show a strong synergistic interaction between TSA and PdNPs in cervical cancer cells. The combinatorial treatment increased the therapeutic potential and demonstrated relevant targeted therapy for cervical cancer. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence for the combinatory effect and cytotoxicity mechanism of TSA and PdNPs in cervical cancer cells.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors from the Stems of Akebia quinata
Authors: An Jin-Pyo , Ha Thi , Kim Jinwoong , Cho Tae , Oh Won
Published: August 2016

PTP1B deficiency in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-NeuNT transgenic mice inhibited the onset of MMTV-NeuNT-evoked breast cancer, while its overexpression was observed in breast cancer. Thus, PTP1B inhibitors are considered chemopreventative agents for breast cancer. As part of our program to find PTP1B inhibitors, one new diterpene glycoside (1) and 13 known compounds (2–14) were isolated from the methanol extract of the stems of Akebia quinata. All isolates were identified based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including UV, IR, NMR and MS. Compounds 2, 3, 6, 8 and 11 showed significant inhibitory effects on the PTP1B enzyme, with IC50 values ranging from 4.08 ± 1.09 to 21.80 ± 4.74 μM. PTP1B inhibitors also had concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cell lines, such as MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 (MCF7/TAMR) (IC50 values ranging from 0.84 ± 0.04 to 7.91 ± 0.39 μM). These results indicate that compounds 6 and 8 from Akebia quinata may be lead compounds acting as anti-breast cancer agents.
An Image Matching Algorithm Integrating Global SRTM and Image Segmentation for Multi-Source Satellite Imagery
Authors: Ling Xiao , Zhang Yongjun , Xiong Jinxin , Huang Xu , Chen Zhipeng
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a novel image matching method for multi-source satellite images, which integrates global Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data and image segmentation to achieve robust and numerous correspondences. This method first generates the epipolar lines as a geometric constraint assisted by global SRTM data, after which the seed points are selected and matched. To produce more reliable matching results, a region segmentation-based matching propagation is proposed in this paper, whereby the region segmentations are extracted by image segmentation and are considered to be a spatial constraint. Moreover, a similarity measure integrating Distance, Angle and Normalized Cross-Correlation (DANCC), which considers geometric similarity and radiometric similarity, is introduced to find the optimal correspondences. Experiments using typical satellite images acquired from Resources Satellite-3 (ZY-3), Mapping Satellite-1, SPOT-5 and Google Earth demonstrated that the proposed method is able to produce reliable and accurate matching results.
Evaluating Welfare Effects of Rice Import Quota in Japan: Based on Measuring Non-Tariff Barriers of SBS Rice Imports
Authors: Gao Qianhui , Ito Shoichi , Ogundari Kolawole , Saito Hisamitsu
Published: August 2016

The principal objective of this study is to analyze welfare effects of Japan’s rice import quota focusing on the simultaneous buy and sell (SBS) of the rice importation minimum access (MA) policy. Based on the utility function specified in this study, the constructed model is adopted to measure consumption patterns through estimating elasticity of substitution between imported rice and Japan’s domestic rice, and consumers’ preference parameters for different kinds of rice. The results showed that Japanese households prefer domestic rice to the imported rice. Besides, three scenarios of adjusting rice quota volumes were carried out to examine the changes in consumer prices of imported rice and Japanese consumers’ welfares. The results revealed that tariff equivalents of the SBS import quota almost doubled the scale of the mark-up, and the intervention by the Ministry of Agriculture of Japan did cause non-tariff barriers to trade (NTBs). Finally, if the SBS rice quota quantity was fixed at or larger than 180 thousand tons every fiscal year, the consumer prices of imported rice in Japan’s market would decrease to be less than the prices of Japan’s domestic rice, and therefore the imported rice would have more price advantages in this scenario.
ALLogeneic Heart STem Cells to Achieve Myocardial Regeneration (ALLSTAR) Trial: Rationale and Design
Authors: Chakravarty Tarun , Makkar Raj R. , Ascheim Deborah D. , Traverse Jay H. , Schatz Richard , Demaria Anthony , Francis Gary S. , Povsic Thomas J. , Smith Rachel R. , Lima Joao A. , Pogoda Janice M. , Marbán Linda , Henry Timothy D.
Published: August 2016

Autologous cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) were the first therapeutic modality to demonstrate myocardial regeneration with a decrease in scar size and an increase in viable, functional tissue. Widespread applicability of autologous CDC therapy is limited by the need for patient-specific myocardial biopsy, cell processing, and quality control, resulting in delays to therapy and inherent logistical and economic constraints. Preclinical data had demonstrated equivalent efficiency of allogeneic to autologous CDCs. The ALLogeneic Heart STem Cells to Achieve Myocardial Regeneration (ALLSTAR) trial is a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 safety and efficacy trial of intracoronary delivery of allogeneic CDCs (CAP-1002) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. The phase 1 safety cohort enrolled 14 patients in an open-label, nonrandomized, dose-escalation safety trial. The phase 2 trial is a doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial that will compare intracoronary CDCs to placebo in a 2:1 allocation and will enroll up to 120 patients. The primary endpoint for both phases is safety at 1 month. For phase 2, the primary efficacy endpoint is relative change from baseline in infarct size at 12 months, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. The ALLSTAR trial employs a “seamless” WOVE 1 design that enables continuous enrollment from phase 1 to phase 2 and will evaluate the safety of intracoronary administration of allogeneic CDCs and its efficacy in decreasing infarct size in post-MI patients.
A SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF MASSIVE STARS IN M31 AND M33*
Authors: Massey Philip , Neugent Kathryn F. , Smart Brianna M.
Published: August 2016

We describe our spectroscopic follow-up to the Local Group Galaxy Survey (LGGS) photometry of M31 and M33. We have obtained new spectroscopy of 1895 stars, allowing us to classify 1496 of them for the first time. Our study has identified many foreground stars, and established membership for hundreds of early- and mid-type supergiants. We have also found nine new candidate luminous blue variables and a previously unrecognized Wolf–Rayet star. We republish the LGGS M31 and M33 catalogs with improved coordinates, and including spectroscopy from the literature and our new results. The spectroscopy in this paper is responsible for the vast majority of the stellar classifications in these two nearby spiral neighbors. The most luminous (and hence massive) of the stars in our sample are early-type B supergiants, as expected; the more massive O stars are more rare and fainter visually, and thus mostly remain unobserved so far. The majority of the unevolved stars in our sample are in the 20–40 M
⊙ range.
NEOWISE REACTIVATION MISSION YEAR TWO: ASTEROID DIAMETERS AND ALBEDOS
Authors: Nugent C. R. , Mainzer A. , Bauer J. , Cutri R. M. , Kramer E. A. , Grav T. , Masiero J. , Sonnett S. , Wright E. L.
Published: August 2016

The Near-Earth Object Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE) mission continues to detect, track, and characterize minor planets. We present diameters and albedos calculated from observations taken during the second year since the spacecraft was reactivated in late 2013. These include 207 near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) and 8885 other asteroids. Of the NEAs, 84% NEAs did not have previously measured diameters and albedos by the NEOWISE mission. Comparison of sizes and albedos calculated from NEOWISE measurements with those measured by occultations, spacecraft, and radar-derived shapes shows accuracy consistent with previous NEOWISE publications. Diameters and albedos fall within ±∼20% and ±∼40%, 1-sigma, respectively, of those measured by these alternate techniques. NEOWISE continues to preferentially discover near-Earth objects which are large (>100 m), and have low albedos.
TRANSITION REGION AND CHROMOSPHERIC SIGNATURES OF IMPULSIVE HEATING EVENTS. II. MODELING
Authors: Reep Jeffrey W. , Warren Harry P. , Crump Nicholas A. , Simões Paulo J. A.
Published: August 2016

Results from the Solar Maximum Mission showed a close connection between the hard X-ray (HXR) and transition region (TR) emission in solar flares. Analogously, the modern combination of RHESSI and IRIS data can inform the details of heating processes in ways that were never before possible. We study a small event that was observed with RHESSI, IRIS, SDO, and Hinode, allowing us to strongly constrain the heating and hydrodynamical properties of the flare, with detailed observations presented in a previous paper. Long duration redshifts of TR lines observed in this event, as well as many other events, are fundamentally incompatible with chromospheric condensation on a single loop. We combine RHESSI and IRIS data to measure the energy partition among the many magnetic strands that comprise the flare. Using that observationally determined energy partition, we show that a proper multithreaded model can reproduce these redshifts in magnitude, duration, and line intensity, while simultaneously being well constrained by the observed density, temperature, and emission measure. We comment on the implications for both RHESSI and IRIS observations of flares in general, namely that: (1) a single loop model is inconsistent with long duration redshifts, among other observables; (2) the average time between energization of strands is less than 10 s, which implies that for a HXR burst lasting 10 minutes, there were at least 60 strands within a single IRIS pixel located on the flare ribbon; (3) the majority of these strands were explosively heated with an energy distribution well described by a power law of slope

(4) the multi-stranded model reproduces the observed line profiles, peak temperatures, differential emission measure distributions, and densities.
SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENT ASSOCIATED WITH THE 2012 JULY 23 EXTREME SOLAR STORM
Authors: Zhu Bei , Liu Ying D. , Luhmann Janet G. , Hu Huidong , Wang Rui , Yang Zhongwei
Published: August 2016

We study the solar energetic particle (SEP) event associated with the 2012 July 23 extreme solar storm, for which Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) and the spacecraft at L1 provide multi-point remote sensing and in situ observations. The extreme solar storm, with a superfast shock and extremely enhanced ejecta magnetic fields observed near 1 au at STEREO A, was caused by the combination of successive coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Meanwhile, energetic particles were observed by STEREO and near-Earth spacecraft such as the Advanced Composition Explorer and SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory, suggesting a wide longitudinal spread of the particles at 1 au. Combining the SEP observations with in situ plasma and magnetic field measurements, we investigate the longitudinal distribution of the SEP event in connection with the associated shock and CMEs. Our results underscore the complex magnetic configuration of the inner heliosphere formed by solar eruptions. Examination of particle intensities, proton anisotropy distributions, element abundance ratios, magnetic connectivity, and spectra also gives important clues for particle acceleration, transport, and distribution.
SENSITIVITY OF THE CHERENKOV TELESCOPE ARRAY TO THE DETECTION OF INTERGALACTIC MAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: Meyer Manuel , Conrad Jan , Dickinson Hugh
Published: August 2016

Very high energy (VHE; energy E ≳ 100 GeV) γ-rays originating from extragalactic sources undergo pair production with low-energy photons of background radiation fields. These pairs can inverse-Compton-scatter background photons, initiating an electromagnetic cascade. The spatial and temporal structure of this secondary γ-ray signal is altered as the

pairs are deflected in an intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF). We investigate how VHE observations with the future Cherenkov Telescope Array, with its high angular resolution and broad energy range, can potentially probe the IGMF. We identify promising sources and simulate γ-ray spectra over a wide range of values of the IGMF strength and coherence length using the publicly available ELMAG Monte Carlo code. Combining simulated observations in a joint likelihood approach, we find that current limits on the IGMF can be significantly improved. The projected sensitivity depends strongly on the time a source has been γ-ray active and on the emitted maximum γ-ray energy.
THE CHANDRA COSMOS-LEGACY SURVEY: THE z > 3 SAMPLE
Authors: Marchesi S. , Civano F. , Salvato M. , Shankar F. , Comastri A. , Elvis M. , Lanzuisi G. , Trakhtenbrot B. , Vignali C. , Zamorani G. , Allevato V. , Brusa M. , Fiore F. , Gilli R. , Griffiths R. , Hasinger G. , Miyaji T. , Schawinski K. , Treister E. , Urry C. M.
Published: August 2016

We present the largest high-redshift (3 < z < 6.85) sample of X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) on a contiguous field, using sources detected in the Chandra COSMOS-Legacy survey. The sample contains 174 sources, 87 with spectroscopic redshift and the other 87 with photometric redshift (z
phot). In this work, we treat z
phot as a probability-weighted sum of contributions, adding to our sample the contribution of sources with z
phot < 3 but z
phot probability distribution >0 at z > 3. We compute the number counts in the observed 0.5–2 keV band, finding a decline in the number of sources at z > 3 and constraining phenomenological models of the X-ray background. We compute the AGN space density at z > 3 in two different luminosity bins. At higher luminosities (logL(2–10 keV) > 44.1 erg s−1), the space density declines exponentially, dropping by a factor of ∼20 from z ∼ 3 to z ∼ 6. The observed decline is ∼80% steeper at lower luminosities (43.55 erg s−1 < logL(2–10 keV) < 44.1 erg s−1) from z ∼ 3 to z ∼ 4.5. We study the space density evolution dividing our sample into optically classified Type 1 and Type 2 AGNs. At logL(2–10 keV) > 44.1 erg s−1, unobscured and obscured objects may have different evolution with redshift, with the obscured component being three times higher at z ∼ 5. Finally, we compare our space density with predictions of quasar activation merger models, whose calibration is based on optically luminous AGNs. These models significantly overpredict the number of expected AGNs at logL (2–10 keV) > 44.1 erg s−1 with respect to our data.
FLUX CANCELLATION AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE ERUPTIVE FILAMENT OF 2011 JUNE 7
Authors: Yardley S. L. , Green L. M. , Williams D. R. , van Driel-Gesztelyi L. , Valori G. , Dacie S.
Published: August 2016

We investigate whether flux cancellation is responsible for the formation of a very massive filament resulting in the spectacular eruption on 2011 June 7. We analyze and quantify the amount of flux cancellation that occurs in NOAA AR 11226 and its two neighboring active regions (ARs 11227 & 11233) using line-of-sight magnetograms from the Heliospheric Magnetic Imager. During a 3.6 day period building up to the eruption of the filament, 1.7 × 1021 Mx, 21% of AR 11226's maximum magnetic flux, was canceled along the polarity inversion line (PIL) where the filament formed. If the flux cancellation continued at the same rate up until the eruption then up to 2.8 × 1021 Mx (34% of the AR flux) may have been built into the magnetic configuration that contains the filament plasma. The large flux cancellation rate is due to an unusual motion of the positive-polarity sunspot, which splits, with the largest section moving rapidly toward the PIL. This motion compresses the negative polarity and leads to the formation of an orphan penumbra where one end of the filament is rooted. Dense plasma threads above the orphan penumbra build into the filament, extending its length, and presumably injecting material into it. We conclude that the exceptionally strong flux cancellation in AR 11226 played a significant role in the formation of its unusually massive filament. In addition, the presence and coherent evolution of bald patches in the vector magnetic field along the PIL suggest that the magnetic field configuration supporting the filament material is that of a flux rope.
Répartition et circulation : les enjeux de la catégorisation dans le camp de Choucha (Tunisie)
Authors: Mottet Aurore
Published: August 2016

Résumé Quels sont les liens entre la dimension matérielle du confinement des étrangers et la finalité des lieux de confinement, à savoir la gestion de la circulation des migrants par leur admission ou leur expulsion ? L'analyse porte ici sur la répartition des migrants à l'intérieur du camp de transit de Choucha en Tunisie qui, jusqu'à sa fermeture en juin 2013, a accueilli les migrants subsahariens qui fuyaient les combats en Libye. Cette opération de répartition montre que les catégories pertinentes pour organiser le confinement d'un grand nombre de personnes sont celles liées aux appartenances nationales ou ethniques. Or, si le fait de séparer les individus selon leur nationalité permet au gestionnaire de garantir la tranquillité du camp, la répartition ainsi conçue anticipe les futurs statuts administratifs des personnes (réfugié, débouté, etc.). Ainsi ces catégories nationales, mobilisées pour gérer le quotidien de l'enfermement, révèlent-elles un contrôle anticipé des possibilités de déplacement qui seront laissées – ou imposées – aux individus. Certains migrants tentent alors de contester les catégories dans lesquelles ils ont été classés comme en témoigne le cas étudié ici du groupe des « réfugiés de Choucha ».
Victimes cherchent statut désespérément : le cas des « bébés volés » en Espagne
Authors: Gatti Gabriel , Revet Sandrine
Published: August 2016

Résumé En Espagne, depuis 2005, un groupe de victimes émerge autour de ce que l’on désigne de façon générique comme le « vol de bébés ». Indépendamment du fait que l’émergence de ce « cas » doit être analysée dans la perspective d’un phénomène plus large – celui de la naissance et de la consolidation d’un « nouvel espace des victimes » en Espagne –, ces victimes possèdent une double caractéristique : la multiplicité des causes qui les produisent et la variété des catégories auxquelles elles ont recours pour se nommer et se penser. La relative unité de ce groupe de victimes ne provient donc pas de ce qui fait leur condition actuelle, mais de leur travail de recherche d’un statut, d’une existence, que celle-ci soit nominale (être victime) ou juridique (être reconnu comme tel). Face à cette quête de reconnaissance qui met en œuvre les outils de la citoyenneté, les frontières souvent établies entre victimes et citoyens deviennent poreuses, voire s’effacent complètement.
EDUCAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA E FORMAÇÃO DA CONSCIÊNCIA ESPACIAL-CIDADÃ: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DOS PRINCÍPIOS GEOGRÁFICOS
Authors: Nogueira Valdir , Carneiro Sônia Maria Marchiorato
Published: August 2016

O artigo em questão tem como objetivo trazer uma contribuição para a educação geográfica hodierna, a partir de uma leitura de mundo segundo o paradigma da complexidade. Tem-se como foco a formação da consciência espacial-cidadã pelo sujeito-aluno, enquanto cidadão crítico, atuante e eticamente responsável em seus espaços de vida. Nessa perspectiva, põe-se a necessidade de práticas educativas compromissadas com essa formação cidadã consciente. Para tanto, destaca-se a importância, no processo educativo, de um conhecimento geográfico que possibilite ao educando situar-se espacialmente, o que implica entender a dinâmica da realidade em suas diferentes dimensões no contexto das relações local-global e, nesse sentido, se sentir pertencendo ao lugar que habita. Para a construção de um raciocínio reflexivo sob essa ótica, são enfocados os princípios geográficos como instrumentos de análise referencial - extensão-localização, causalidade, analogia, conexidade e atividade - numa perspectiva de visão atual do espaço geográfico.
Paul’s method of influence in 1 Thessalonians
Authors: Button M. Bruce
Published: August 2016

Although the field of leadership in the New Testament and in the Pauline Letters has receiveda great deal of attention, there are still many issues over which scholars disagree. It is proposedin this article that the ongoing use of insights from social-scientific models can help to clarifysome of these issues. Those models should not be used in such a way as to impose themselveson the biblical text or the historical data, but to clarify concepts, create analytical categoriesand sensitise the New Testament scholar to new questions which can be asked of the text in itshistorical context. The article seeks insights from the power/interaction model of French andRaven, and analyses 1 Thessalonians in terms of some categories and concepts coming fromthe model. It is found that the primary way in which Paul sought to influence the Thessaloniancommunity was by preaching the gospel and living a life that conformed to its values. Thegospel as the good news of God’s salvation in Christ is God’s means of creating faith in andtransforming the lives of those whom he calls.