bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
XIV.—Some remarks upon the Regia, the Atrium Vestae, and the original locality of the Fasti Capitolini
Authors: Nichols F.M.
Published: January 2012

During my stay in Rome in the early part of this year I found time to examine and make some plans of a part of the excavations of the Forum, which had not before, so far as I know, been subjected to any very careful study; though the site is one of the most interesting and important even in that interesting locality,—the ground which immediately surrounds the remains of the temple of Vesta, the central hearth of the Roman people, and the place of deposit of their most venerable and sacred treasures.
I.—I. A Kalendar or Directory of Lincoln Use; and II. Kalendarium e Consuetudinario Monasterii de Burgo Sancti Petri
Authors: Wordsworth Christopher
Published: January 2012

When I was essaying to collect the scattered relics of the ancient Use of Lincoln in the form of a short paper which appeared in No. 1 of the Lincoln Diocesan Gazette in May 1886, I felt it to be a special matter of regret that I was unable to point to any surviving kalendar belonging to that see. The only thing approaching a Lincoln kalendar which I had seen was a Book of Hours which Mr. Bradshaw once put into my hands, pointing out that it had been in use in the diocese of Lincoln. It was not his own property, and unfortunately I returned it to him without taking note of the name of the present owner, but I have noted its peculiarities (as “Line”) where they occur in the Index Festivitatum appended to the Sanctorale of the Sarum Breviary.
II.—On the chief Methods of Construction used in Ancient Rome
Authors: Middleton J. Henry
Published: January 2012

In all times, from the first dawn of the historic period down to modern days, the inhabitants of Rome appear to have been a thoroughly inartistic race; but for many centuries, throughout the whole classic period, they certainly possessed an unrivalled knowledge of the best methods of construction, and were pre-eminently skilful in their use of various materials of all kinds—stone, wood, concrete, and metal. For this reason a careful examination of the many different modes of construction employed in ancient Rome is not only of interest to the student of archaeology, but may also supply many valuable lessons to the architect and engineer of modern days.
III.—Inventory of the parish church of St. Mary, Scarborough, 1434; and that of the White Friars or Carmelites of Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1538
Authors: Hope W.H. St. John
Published: January 2012

A short time ago our Fellow the Rev. W. Sparrow Simpson, D.D. communicated to the Society two most valuable inventories of the cathedral church of St. Paul, London. Though the contents of a parish church, and of a house of friars, cannot be expected to compete in richness with a wealthy foundation like St. Paul's, the two inventories forming the subject of this paper are by no means without interest, although they were respectively drawn up for such strangely opposite purposes—the one for conservation, the other for spoliation.
VI.—Some Remarks on the Northumbrian Palatinates and Regalities
Authors: Page William
Published: January 2012

For the purpose of my paper, it will be necessary to sketch briefly the history of the kingdom and earldom of Northumbria. In 547, according to Symeon of Durham, king Ida founded the kingdom of Northumbria, at whose death it was divided into the kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira. It was governed as either one or two kingdoms, by entirely independent kings, down to the time of Egbert, king of the West Saxons, who, having brought all England south of the Humber under his rule, sent an army in 829 to Northumbria, and made Eanred, the king there, subject to him. In 867 the kingdom came under Danish rule, but king Alfred, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, received recognition of his overlordship from king Guthred the Dane in 894. This claim of overlordship by the West-Saxon kings of England was of a very precarious nature, and seems only to have been maintained by continual expeditions into the Northumbrian kingdom. In 924, Athelstan and Sihtric, king of the Northumbrians, met at Tamworth, when Athelstan gave his sister in marriage to Sihtric. Some arrangement was probably come to at this meeting as to the succession to the crown of Northumbria, for on the death of Sihtric two years later Athelstan assumed the kingdom of Northumbria. Guthred, son of Sihtric, seems to have laid some claim to the kingdom, but he does not appear to have met with much support. It must be noted here that Athelstan did not succeed Sihtric as a conqueror, but was, in all probability, elected by the Northumbrian witan.
VII.—Tobacco Culture in England during the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Hardy W.J.
Published: January 2012

Preserved amongst the English State Papers is a mass of material illustrative of the history of tobacco-growing in this country from the time of its introduction to the time when Government finally succeeded in suppressing its growth—a task which was not accomplished till nearly sixty years had been spent in vigorous legislation on the subject, so strong was the feeling of the British farmer in favour of retaining it as an object of cultivation. The outlines of the history of English tobacco-growing have been already sketched on many occasions, especially since the question has lately been before the public—the antipathy of James I. to the use of the “noxious weed,” his contribution to literature against it, and the successive Proclamations and Acts of Parliament forbidding its culture; all these are matters that have been recently noticed, and need not, therefore, be enlarged upon in the present Paper, the object of which is to bring to the front existing evidence as to the extent of tobacco-cultivation in this country, its success, and the feelings with which its suppression was regarded.
VIII.—A Letter of Sir Henry Lee, 1590, on the trial of Iron for Armour
Authors: Dillon Harold Arthur
Published: January 2012

The Letter from Sir Henry Lee, Master of the Armoury to Elizabeth, addressed to Lord Burghley, which forms the subject of this paper, has not before been printed. It is calendared among the State Papers, in the Public Record Office, and is holograph bearing the date 12 Oct. 1590.
XI.—Bibliography of “Chronyc Historie der Nederlandtscher Oorlogen, etc.”
Authors: Moens W.J.C.
Published: January 2012

The troubles in the Low Countries in the second half of the sixteenth century, occasioned by the progress of the reformation of religion, caused a large emigration to this country of Protestants, who settled, by special permission of the crown, in London, Norwich, and other places. Among these was a printer named Anthony de Solen, Solempne, de la Solemme or Solemne, who came to England in 1567 from Brabant, with his wife and two sons.
XXIV.—Further Note on the Harmonies contrived by Nicholas Ferrar at Little Gidding
Authors: Acland-Troyte J. E.
Published: January 2012

As you were kind enough to accept the paper which I communicated to the Society of Antiquaries, on “the harmonies contrived by Nicholas Ferrar at Little Gidding,” and as you have honoured me by giving it a place in the Archaeologia, I venture to submit for your consideration a short account of another of these interesting works, which has been only recently brought to my notice.
I.—On the Forum of the Roman Station at Cilurnum
Authors: Bruce John Collingwood
Published: January 2012

The station of Cilurnum, containing five acres and a quarter, is the largest but one on the line of Hadrian's Wall. It guarded the bridge which connects the traffic on the two sides of the North Tyne, and it commanded the woody defile along which that river flows from the north to the south. It is situated in a fertile district, which would at all times attract a numerous population. During the period of Roman domination the forum of Cilurnum would be the resort of many seeking justice at the hands of the prefect, and of others who brought their wares to supply the wants of the garrison and the suburban population.
VI.—A Description of the Paintings in the Church of Kempley, near Ross
Authors: Micklethwaite John Thomas
Published: January 2012

Kempley is about seven miles from Ross. It is in Gloucestershire, but on the borders of the county of Hereford, and was formerly in the diocese of Hereford, though now in that of Gloucester and Bristol. The church, which is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, is of the usual type of small parish churches of the Norman period, being made up of aisleless nave and chancel, the former about 34 feet by 19 feet, the latter about 18 feet by 14 feet, inside the walls. All the original walls remain, though most of the windows have been replaced by later ones, and a tower of the fifteenth century has been added at the west end. The chancel is roofed with a plain barrel-vault of rubble.
VIII—On two Gold Ornaments of the time of Theodoric, preserved in the Museum at Ravenna
Authors: de Lasteyrie Ferdinand
Published: January 2012

The city of Ravenna possesses a museum adjoining the municipal library, and known by the name of “Museo Classense.” It is not often visited by foreigners, whose attention is generally absorbed by the splendid ancient buildings of which that town is still so full.
XVIII.—Notes from the Court Rolls of the Manor of Scotter
Authors: Peacock Edward
Published: January 2012

Scotter is a parish in the Wapentake of Corringham, in the parts of Lindsey, and county of Lincoln. As early as A.D. 664 Scotter, and its hamlet of Scalthorpe, with church, mill, and other appurtenances, were a part of the vast possessions of the Abbey of Medeshamstede, afterwards called Peterborough. This we learn from a charter of Uulfhere, King of the Mercians, six transcripts of which are noticed by Kemble. It is somewhat difficult, however, to reconcile this with a charter of Edward the Confessor, from which it would seem that the abbey derived its rights, or at least its full rights, in Scotter from a certain Brand. If the clause relating to Scotter, in the earlier charter, be authentic, as I believe it to be, the probability is that Brand only restored to the abbey possessions which had been alienated.
XX.—On Traces of the Primitive Village Community in English Municipal Institutions
Authors: Gomme George Laurence
Published: January 2012

I fear I must begin my communication to you, on the subject of an early phase in the history of English municipal institutions, with an apology; and an apology withal that has reference rather to my mode of treating the subject than to the subject itself. It is in this wise. The facts to which I beg leave to draw your attention cannot so well be considered new to the antiquary, as can the view I have taken of their value and relationship to each other. The result is, therefore, that the following pages may be thought a little more argumentative than they should in strictness be for an antiquarian subject. But this defect, if defect it be, will, I trust, be compensated by the value of the general subject I have ventured to treat upon, and by the fresh light which I may perhaps have thrown upon a class of English institutions, not the least important of those which uphold our great national fabric.
V.—Antiquities of the Bronze Age found in the Heathery Burn Cave, county Durham
Authors: Greenwell William
Published: January 2012

The purpose of the present memoir is to place on record an account of what, in many respects, is one of the most valuable discoveries ever made in Britain of weapons, implements, ornaments, and other things belonging to the Bronze Age. Discoveries of objects of that period have usually consisted of a single article or more accidentally lost, of hoards of founders or vendors, secreted for one reason or another, and of the various sepulchral remains which have been found in barrows, cairns, or other places of burial. These all are of greater or less importance as illustrating the condition and habits of life of the people of that time, and the stage of cultivation and civilization to which they had attained. But the discovery with which this account is concerned possesses a very much higher value than that of any hoard of however great a number of articles, or of any series of objects which relate to a section only of daily life and occupation. It gives us, though perhaps in a lesser degree, much the same information that the lake dwellings of Switzerland and other countries have so abundantly supplied. “We possess, in fact, in the discovery about to be described a record in the very things themselves of the entire equipment of a family as it was possessed by them when they perished in their home, as I believe, by a sudden and unforseen catastrophe.
VI.—On a Remarkable Series of Wooden Busts surmounting the stall-canopies in St. George's Chapel, Windsor
Authors: Hope W.H. St. John
Published: January 2012

The magnificent stalls in the quire of St. George's Chapel at Windsor differ from those in any other church in this country, on account of their having been built, not for an ordinary collegiate or monastic foundation, but for the knights and canons of the Order of the Garter.
VIII.—The Burial-place of the Slavonians in North Stoneham Church, Hants
Authors: Kitchin George William
Published: January 2012

The village of North Stoneham, not far from the Eastleigh railway junction, eight miles from Winchester and four from Southampton, stands, as the name denotes, “Ad Lapidem,” at one of the milestones on the Roman road from Winchester to the waterside at Clausentum. The parish church has somewhat higher architectural pretensions than is usual with the simple Hampshire village churches; it has a nave and two aisles running the whole length of the building, but no structural chancel; it is almost a square, with a low fifteenth-century tower at the west end.
VIII.—On an example of Phaleræ and other Antiquities from Switzerland
Authors: Wylie William Michael
Published: January 2012

Last autumn I had an opportunity of examining some reliques recently acquired by the Museum of Zürich, which appeared to me to possess considerable interest. I am now in a condition to place these matters before the Society, having been furnished with the necessary drawings and illustrations, through the kindness of our friend and colleague, Dr. Ferdinand Keller of Zürich. Much, also, of what I am about to say is derived from the same excellent source.
X.—A Notice of some remarkable Inscriptions on Leaves of Lead, preserved in the Manuscript Department of the British Museum
Authors: Birch Walter De Gray
Published: January 2012

In the year 1841 the British Museum purchased of the Reverend Thomas Butler, among some of the most valuable manuscripts and antiquities it possesses, six remarkable inscriptions, one Greek, four Latin, and one Italian, apparently inscribed with a sharply pointed stylus, upon plates of lead, beaten or hammered to about the thickness of a wafer, and now completely patinated. As these do not appear to have been published, I propose to lay before you a description of them, accurate copies of their texts, and a few notes explanatory of the history and dates to which they refer.
XII.—A Test of Certain Centurial Stones
Authors: Coote Henry Charles
Published: January 2012

A few years ago, in commenting upon certain inscriptions published by Dr. Bruce, I contended that they referred to the estates of Roman colonists called centuriæ, and not to the cohortal divisions known by the same name, as maintained by Dr. Bruce. In a later publication Dr. Bruce controverts my view and reasserts his own. Thus there is a distinct antiquarian issue between us. As such divergences of opinion will never be rare in archæology, I should have left the matter where it stood if there were not something else to import into the question, which at the time I had the honour of bringing the subject before the Society I did not think necessary to state, believing that my evidences were sufficient without it. What I now refer to, and propose to import, are two rules of the formal language of Rome, which of their own force determine the meaning of the word centuria, according as it occurs in conjunction with one quality of proper name or another.
XIV.—On a Manuscript Book of Prayers in a Binding of Gold Enamelled, said to have been given by Queen Anne Boleyn to a lady of the Wyatt Family; together with a Transcript of its Contents
Authors: Marsham Robert
Published: January 2012

The remarkable little book which forms the subject of this communication is interesting alike from its binding, its contents, and the tradition which connects it with the ill-fated Anne Boleyn.
XXII.—Vortigern, not Hengest, the Invader of Kent
Authors: Coote Henry Charles
Published: January 2012

The subjugation of Kent by the Jutes is perhaps the most interesting of all the barbarian conquests of South Britain, from its priority in date and the romance with which it has been invested.

Several stories of the invasion which led to this conquest have come down to us.
XXV.—The Will, Inventories, and Funeral Expenses of James Montagu, Bishop of Winchester, anno 1618. From the original in the possession of the Baroness North
Authors: Shirley Evelyn Philip
Published: January 2012

James Montagu (or Mountagu, as he wrote it himself), fifth son of Sir Edward Montagu, of Boughton, in the county of Northampton (who was the eldest son of Sir Edward Montagu, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and the founder of the ducal house of Montagu), was born at Boughton in the year 1568, and educated in Christ Church College, Cambridge, and became eventually Master of Sidney College, “where,” as Anthony Wood observes “he was noted for his piety, virtue, and learning.” “When the University went to meet James I. on his coming from Scotland, his Majesty first took notice of him at Hinchinbrooke (the seat of the loyal Sir Oliver Cromwell, uncle to the Protector), and made him Dean of the Royal Chapel, and in 1604 (December 17) Dean of Worcester. On the 17th of April, 1608, he was consecrated Bishop of Bath and Wells, and eight years afterwards, viz., in 1616, translated to the see of Winchester. “For his faithfulness, dexterity, and prudence,” adds Wood, “in weighty affairs, the king chose him to be one of his Privy Council.” (Oct. 11, 1617).
VIII.—A Criticism of the Life of Rollo, as told by Dudo de St. Quentin
Authors: Howorth Henry H.
Published: January 2012

The survival of types is a recognised feature in the philosophy of geology. Long after their contemporaries have disappeared we find stray shells outliving catastrophe and change, and recalling the features of times which have passed away. Similarly we encounter in our historical inquiries, even if we choose for our guides the most patient and scrupulous of writers, errors that have survived a crushing exposure of many years' date. They linger about the sentences of fastidiously critical historians, the relics of an uncritical age, to the great delight of some simple-minded scholars, who for the first time in their lives discover the fallibility of their master.
IX.—Notes on a Sword found in Catterdale, Yorkshire, exhibited by Lord Wharncliffe, and on other Examples of the same kind
Authors: Franks Augustus W.
Published: January 2012

The sword which Lord Wharncliffe has been good enough to exhibit to the Society was found on the moors of Catterdale, at the head of Wensleydale, Yorkshire, on the borders of Westmoreland, but I am not aware whether any circumstances connected with its discovery have been recorded beyond that it lay about one foot under ground.
XXIV.—On the Discovery of Anglo-Saxon Remains at Desborough, Northamptonshire
Authors: Baker Robert Sibley
Published: January 2012

I have the honour to bring to your notice some remarkable antiquities which have been discovered in the village of Desborough, Northamptonshire, in February last, while digging iron ore on the property of Mr. and Mrs. Wise, of Woodcote, Warwickshire.
XVI.—Further Notes upon Excavations at Silchester
Authors: Price F.G. Hilton
Published: January 2012

Some years have now elapsed since any paper has been read before this Society upon Silchester, which is without doubt the most interesting Roman city in this country. Comparatively speaking, very little has been done there since the death of the Rev. James Gerald Joyce, F.S.A., the rector of Stratfieldsaye, whose elaborate and valuable papers upon Silchester, amply illustrated with plans and drawings, published in vols. xl. and xlvi. of Archaeologia, are well known to you all. Had it not been for him we should probably have remained in ignorance of the existence of the city, as it was he who inspired the late Duke of Wellington with such a keen interest in the place that he authorised excavations to be undertaken.
XVIII.—On Basket-work Figures of Men represented on Sculptured Stones
Authors: Browne G.F.
Published: January 2012

I beg to invite the attention of the Society of Antiquaries to the occurrence of human figures sculptured on stones at Checkley and Ilam, in Staffordshire, the bodies being represented as formed entirely of interlacing bands, and producing the effect of wickerwork images. As far as I know, attention has not hitherto been called to this remarkable and suggestive feature, which seems to throw us far back into the past, and reminds us of the earliest descriptions of the land of Britain.
XXII.—On excavations in an Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Sleaford, in Lincolnshire
Authors: Thomas George William
Published: January 2012

In the latter part of November in the past year I heard that in the course of operations consequent upon the widening of a portion of the Grantham, Sleaford, and Boston Railway, there had been several discoveries of human remains, accompanied by beads, fibulae, pottery, and spears. I was therefore led to ask permission to make a systematic exploration of the locality. Through the kind favour of the Marquis of Bristol, the owner of the property, of his kinsman and representative, R. H. Hervey, Esq., and by the courtesy of the tenant, J. H. Marston, Esq., I was enabled to carry out what I believe to be an exhaustive examination.
XXIII.—On certain churches on the eastern coast of Italy
Authors: Freshfield Edwin
Published: January 2012

I never consider my holiday well spent if I am not able to bring back from it something of interest to tell the Society.

I am afraid what I have to tell upon this occasion is very poor, but I hope at a future time to improve upon it.

I had so often passed Bari and the towns on the eastern coast of Italy that I was glad of the opportunity (being obliged to leave England late) of visiting this district.
VI.—The Kalendar and Rite used by the Catholics since the time of Elizabeth
Authors: Morris John
Published: January 2012

Accuracy in dating is of the first importance amongst the various contributions made by the antiquary for the use of the historian. The different commencements of the year and the introduction of the new style are well-known causes of confusion in dating events and documents; and it will perhaps not be devoid of interest if we now examine one portion of this large subject. The Catholics of this country in queen Elizabeth's time were in this matter in a peculiar position. They took their citizenship from England and their religion from Rome. The new style had been introduced by a pope, and for that very reason was not accepted in England; and indeed, apart from this, the kalendar had always been Church property, connected closely with fasts and feasts and prefixed to breviaaries and missals, so that it would seem most probable that Catholics would follow the new style. On the other hand, it is plain that if they had done so they would have been exposed to a thousand practical inconveniences while living in the midst of a people who reckoned by the old style, and we cannot therefore decide the question à priori. Unfortunately proofs are not very numerous; but we will see to what conclusion we are brought by such proofs as we can find. And there will probably be some interest in the cognate inquiry when the English Catholics ceased to use the ancient Rites of Sarum and York, and in their stead adopted the Roman Rite.
XXI.—On the sculptured alabaster tablets called Saint John's Heads
Authors: Hope W.H. St. John
Published: January 2012

Scattered up and down England in museums, churches, and private collections, are a number of small sculptured tablets or panels of alabaster, of which the principal feature is a head lying on a dish or charger, generally flanked by figures of saints and sometimes with other accessories.

These tablets have been more or less a puzzle to antiquaries for a long time, and various conjectures have been put forward as to the meaning of the subjects represented.
III. Observations on Researches in Suabian Tumuli; in a Letter from William Michael Wylie, Esq. F.S.A., addressed to J. Y. Akerman, Esq. Secretary
Authors: Wylie William Michael
Published: January 2012

Our zealous Stuttgart correspondent, Captain von Dürrich, to whom we owe the discovery of the Oberflacht remains, perhaps the most important of their class, has favoured me with a brief communication respecting some ancient and obscure Suabian tumuli. This I have endeavoured to embody in the following notice, which I would venture to hope may interest our Society. Captain von Dürrich's letter is accompanied by illustrative drawings, now exhibited.
IV. Note sur des Sépultures Anglo-Normandes trouvées à Bouteilles, près Dieppe, en Mars, 1856
Authors: Cochet L'Abbé
Published: January 2012

Dans le courant du mois de Mars, 1856, j'ai commencé une seconde fouille archéologique dans le cimetière abandonné de l'ancienne église de Bouteilles près Dieppe. Le but de ma tentative nouvelle était encore la recherche de cercueils de pierre et de croix en plomb avec formule d'absolution. Cette fois j'ai trouvé deux croix et six tombeaux.
VI. On an unrecorded Contract entered into between Ferdinand and Isabella, King and Queen of Castille and Leon, and Ferdinand, King of Sicily, for the Marriage of Isabella, eldest daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, with Ferdinand, Prince of Capua, May 21, 1476
Authors: Pettigrew T. J.
Published: January 2012

Prior to the fifteenth century, Spain being constituted by a number of small independent states, their interests clashed with each other, and serious feuds became the natural consequence. When reduced, however, to one common rule, belonging to one nation, discovery and conquest followed, and its domestic institutions, together with the character of its literature, improved. It is to the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella that this beneficial consolidation and completion is to be ascribed. The states into which Spain in the beginning of the fifteenth century was arranged, consisted of Castille, Aragon, Navarre, and Granada. These at length were included within one monarchy, and Castille became the capital of the kingdom.
XV. Some passages in the Life and Character of a Lady resident in Herefordshire and Worcestershire during the Civil War of the Seventeenth Century, collected from her Account-book in the possession of Sir Thomas Edward Winnington, Baronet, of Stanford Court, in the county of Worcester; with Historical Observations and Notes
Authors: Webb John
Published: January 2012

Since I had the honour of reading these papers to the Society of Antiquaries, I have been tempted to conclude that they would hardly be deemed of sufficient importance to be received into their Archæologia, though, in the absence of more learned inquiries, I know of no good reason why the curious old diary of an elderly lady of an ancient house should be beneath the notice of an antiquary. Your official communication has however settled the question; and, as I find that the MS. has been selected for publication, I send it to you very little altered from the form in which it was read. Should it appear that the subject has been anywhere treated with less gravity than may become these pages, it may be pleaded that the feeling was in some measure forced upon me by the nature of the materials themselves, in moulding them into the form in which they now appear.
II.—On some Egyptian bronze weapons in the collections of John Evans, Esq., and the British Museum
Authors: Budge E.A. Wallis
Published: January 2012

Through the activity and skill of native and European excavators in Egypt during the last few years, our knowledge of Egyptian archaeology has been much increased; and nearly every collection of Egyptian antiquities in Europe has been substantially enlarged. Curiously enough, however, the contents of certain sections of these collections have remained without many additions; and among such sections must be placed the weapons of war of the ancient Egyptians, who lived before the eighteenth dynasty. There are in the various Egyptian collections a comparatively large number of bronze daggers and knives, and other weapons which are supposed to have been made during the rule of the eighteenth or nineteenth dynasty over Egypt; but, in many cases, the proofs that would make the belief a certainty are wanting. When, however, by means of inscriptions, or the knowledge of the circumstances which attended the discovery of certain bronzes, we can fix their date beyond all doubt, it is most important to put such facts on record. The object of the following notes is to describe some of the most interesting of Egyptian bronze weapons now known to us.
XII.—On some Chinese Rolls with Buddhist legends and representations
Authors: Franks A.W.
Published: January 2012

On the 17th May, 1877, Mr. Rendle exhibited to the Society a curious Chinese roll, illustrating Buddhist mythology, and dated in a cyclical year corresponding to A.D. 1631, in illustration of which I exhibited another roll of the same subject.
XI.—Notes on a Selection of ancient Charters, Letters, and other Documents from the Muniment Room of Sir John Lawson, of Brough Hall, near Catterick, in Richmondshire, Baronet
Authors: Perceval Charles Spencer
Published: January 2012

The extensive series of original documents exhibited on this occasion by favour of Sir John Lawson consists chiefly of ancient evidences of title to the manor and lands of Brough or Burgh, near Catterick, while in the hands of a family whose local surname during the three centuries of their possession passed through the forms of De Burgo, de Burgh, Burgh, Borough, or Borow.
XIII.—“Thinges Nedefull for this Present State” by John Mountgomery, 1562
Authors: Taylor Aucher Cornwall , Thompson Edward Maunde
Published: January 2012

The little MS. volume, which has been laid before the Society by Mr. Aucher Taylor, is “a short treatise concerning things needful for this present state,” by John Mountgomery, of London, 1562. It is a good specimen of the political pamphlet of the time, and contains much that commends itself to us as sound common sense, while some of the writer's views bring with them more amusement than conviction. As a scheme for the better defence of the realm it serves to illustrate the popular ideas upon internal military matters at a time when standing armies were unheard of, and when the long-bow was still a rival of the new “fiery weapons ”; while there are many remarks in its pages, pointing to shortcomings in national character, which might be as truly applied to us at the present time as they were to our forefathers in the days of Elizabeth.
II. On a State-manuscript of the Reign of Henry VIII., the property of Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan, Bart
Authors: Collier J. Payne , Cunningham Peter
Published: January 2012

Among some additional MSS., belonging to the Trevelyan family, recently placed in my hands, I find many of especial interest and value in an historical point of view; and, as I know nobody more capable of estimating them than yourself, I have addressed to you the following account of one of the most important. The particulars will be given in greater detail in a volume on the preparation of which I am at present engaged, but it seemed to me that a statement of a few of the most prominent features would be highly acceptable to our Society; and Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan, who enrolled himself among our Fellows during the last season, has promptly and liberally allowed me so far to anticipate what will appear more at large hereafter.
VI. Note on a Variety of Objects discovered during the progress of Excavations for Sewerage in Salisbury
Authors: Akerman John Yonge
Published: January 2012

By the kind permission of Mr. Edward C. Brodie, of Salisbury, I submit to the inspection of the Society a very numerous collection of objects discovered in that city during the progress of excavations for the new sewers. They consist of—1. Knives, of various descriptions; 2. Shears; 3. Spoons; 4. Padlocks; 5. Keys; 6. Weapons; 7. Buckles; 8. Pilgrims' signs; 9. Rings; and some other relics, the uses of which are not easily ascertained.
XVI. Account of the Unrolling of a Mummy at Florence, belonging to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, by Professor Migliarini. Translated from the Italian MS. of Professor Migliarini
Authors: Migiliarini  , Birch S.
Published: January 2012

In the month of September, 1827, the late Professor Rosellini, and the present highly talented director of the Belle Arti in the Uffizi at Florence, Professor Migliarini, were commanded by the Grand Duke of Tuscany to unroll a mummy which had been in the collection of the “Gabinetto di Fisica e Storia Naturale ” since the year 1824. This was done in the presence of a large number of spectators, and a very detailed account drawn up of it and drawings made on a large scale by Prof. Migliarini for His Royal Highness. As no notice of this interesting operation has been given to the world, the following details, taken from Prof. Migliarini's private notes, may not be unacceptable, in order that the peculiarities here exhibited may be compared with those observed in other mummies already unwrapped, or which may be hereafter brought to light.
XVII.—Notes of Antiquarian Researches in the Summer and Autumn of 1854
Authors: Akerman John Yonge
Published: January 2012

On the 30th June last, at the invitation of the Council of the Surrey Archæological Society, I assisted at the opening of a Barrow at Teddington, near Kingston-on-Thames, but north of the river, and therefore in the county of Middlesex.
XX. An Account of the Discovery of a Tessellated Pavement, 10th Feb. 1854, under the Vaults of the South-Eastern Area of the late Excise Office
Authors: Tite William
Published: January 2012

I have the honour to forward for the consideration of the Society of Antiquaries a Drawing of the Tessellated Pavement recently found between Bishopsgate Street and Broad Street, under the vaults of the south-eastern area of the late Excise Office. A small plan which accompanies the drawing (Pl. XVIII.), will show the exact position of the pavement itself, relatively to the adjoining street and to the buildings of the Excise Office. It is a commonly received opinion, that the late Government edifice occupied the site of the house and premises of Sir Thomas Gresham only; and it may be therefore convenient to explain that subsequently to the purchase by the Government from the trustees of Sir Thomas Gresham of the buildings of Gresham College, in 1768, they bought an inn adjoining southward, called the Sun; and these two premises together constituted the area of the late Excise Office. I cannot exactly define the boundary of the two properties, but I have no doubt that the site of this pavement was under the Sun inn portion of it, and did not form any part of the land purchased of the Gresham trustees. In removing the Excise Offices we began from Threadneedle Street, and in taking up the foundations of the main buildings, nothing of any interest was found; but, as we proceeded towards Bishopsgate Street, it was evident that we were approaching foundations and remains that were of a much earlier construction.
XXI. Notice of a Stall-plate of Sir William Parr, K.G., Marquis of Northampton
Authors: Franks Augustus W.
Published: January 2012

At your suggestion, I have lately obtained for the British Museum an object of some interest, which has proved to be the Stall-plate of Sir William Parr, K.G., Marquis of Northampton, and brother to Queen Katherine Parr.

It is a quadrangular plate of copper, gilt and enamelled, on which are engraved the arms of Parr with their quarterings.
XIV.—The House of Aulus Vettius, recently discovered at Pompeii
Authors: Ely Talfourd
Published: January 2012

In dealing with the Domus Vettiorum, the recent publications to which I have chiefly had recourse have been the following

(1) Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità comunicate alla Reale Accademia dei Lincei.

(2) Herrlich, in the Archäologischer Anzeiger, Jahrbuch des Kaiserlich deutschen archäologischen Instituts, 1895.

(3) Sogliano, II supplizio di Dirce in un dipinto Pompeiano e il Toro Farnese, Napoli, 1895.

(4) F. Marriott's Facts about Pompei; and his article entitled The New House in Pompei, in The English Illustrated Magazine for January, 1896.
XVI.—The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. The probable arrangement and signification of its principal Sculptures
Authors: Oldfield Edmund
Published: January 2012

In the paper on the Mausoleum which I read before the Society on 14th June, 1893, and which has since been published in Archaeologia, I stated my intention to investigate two distinct questions relating to that celebrated building:

I. What appeared from the best literary and monumental evidence to have been its architectural form?

II. What was the most probable arrangement of its principal sculptures?

The first of these questions I have sufficiently dealt with in the paper referred to, subject to one correction, which I ask leave now to submit. Since the appearance of my scheme in Archaeologia, I have been led to adopt a slight modification of the architectural arrangement there suggested for the interior of the Pteron.
XXI.—The Domus Inferior or Frary of our oldest Charterhouses
Authors: Gee Henry
Published: January 2012

Anything that enables us to picture the life of our old monasteries cannot fail to prove interesting to students of English archæology; I venture therefore to call your attention to a very characteristic feature of our oldest Charterhouses which, so far as I know, has escaped the observation of those who have examined the history of monastic remains in this country.
Full solar spectrum measurements of absorption of light in a sample of the Beacon Sandstone containing the Antarctic cryptoendolithic microbial community
Authors: McKay Christopher P.
Published: January 2012

We report measures of absorption (negative log10 of the transmissivity) of a collimated beam through a 2.27 mm surface layer of Beacon Sandstone that harbours a cryptoendolithic microbial community. Consistent with the findings of previous work in the visible light range with these rocks, and in analogous sediments, blue wavelengths are more strongly attenuated than red. At wavelengths from 2400–1200 nm the absorption of the dry rock layer is roughly constant at 3.1 except in the water bands at 2000 nm and 1600 nm. From 1200–300 nm the absorption increases from 3.1 to 6.4, below 300–190 nm (the lowest wavelength measured) the absorption exceeds 6.4. When the rock is saturated with water the absorption uniformly decreases by about 0.1–0.2 over the 700–400 nm region but decreases sharply for lower wavelengths, with the decrease equal to 0.5 at 300 nm. Thus, the relative protection against UV is attenuated when the rock is wet. Even with this decreased absorption the UV absorption is still greater than that for the visible. The absorption at wavelengths less than 300 nm was too large to measure (> 6.4) for both the wet and dry rocks.
A NOTE ON MONETARY POLICY, ASSET PRICES, AND MODEL UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Dai Meixing , Spyromitros Eleftherios
Published: January 2012

Using a macroeconomic model with asset prices, we analyze how optimal monetary policy and macroeconomic dynamics and performance are affected by a central bank's desire to be robust against model misspecifications. We show that a higher central bank preference for robustness implies a more aggressive reaction of the nominal interest rate to the expected future inflation rate and inflation shocks. The dynamic stability of the equilibrium is not modified for a sufficiently high preference for robustness. However, the speed of dynamic convergence is lower under robust control compared to a benchmark case without it and implies supplementary economic costs. Finally, an increase in the preference for robustness comes at the cost of higher macroeconomic and financial volatility in the presence of inflation shocks. It has no effect on the reaction of inflation, output gap, and asset price gap to shocks affecting goods and financial markets.
COMPLETENESS RESULTS FOR SOME TWO-DIMENSIONAL LOGICS OF ACTUALITY
Authors: GILBERT DAVID R. , MARES EDWIN D.
Published: January 2012

We provide a Hilbert-style axiomatization of the logic of ‘actually’, as well as a two-dimensional semantics with respect to which our logics are sound and complete. Our completeness results are quite general, pertaining to all such actuality logics that extend a normal and canonical modal basis. We also show that our logics have the strong finite model property and permit straightforward first-order extensions.
Cenozoic exhumation history of the Alborz Mountains, Iran: New constraints from low‐temperature chronometry
Authors: Rezaeian M. , Carter A. , Hovius N. , Allen M. B.
Published: January 2012

The Alborz Mountains in the north of the Turkish‐Iranian Plateau mainly developed in the Cenozoic as a consequence of the closure of Neo‐Tethys and continental collision between Arabia and Eurasia. Cenozoic growth of the fold‐and‐thrust belt exploited an older Palaezoic‐Mesozoic crustal fabric but the extent to which this governed the overall form of the mountain belt is unclear. To determine when and how the Alborz mountain belt has grown, apatite fission track (AFT) and (U‐Th)/He (AHe) thermochronometry were performed on 46 bedrock samples collected along 8 transects across the range. AFT central ages range from 157 ± 24 Ma to 10 ± 1 Ma with most ages falling between 40 Ma and 10 Ma. AHe ages range from 17 ± 2 Ma to 6 ± 1 Ma. The data revealed enhanced exhumation ca. 35 ± 5 Ma, minor exhumation between ca. 30–20 Ma and an increase in exhumation thereafter. This pattern matches the tripartite Mid‐Cenozoic stratigraphy of Central Iran, where Upper Oligocene‐Lower Miocene carbonates are sandwiched between terrestrial clastic formations. The most intriguing thermochronometric signal found is a major acceleration of exhumation that initiated in the late Miocene to early Pliocene, recorded by the AHe data. There does not appear to be a direct tectonic cause for Pliocene intensified erosion, as convergence rates between Arabia and Eurasia have remained relatively constant. Enhanced exhumation at this time may reflect a climatically induced intensification of erosion during Caspian isolation and base level fall, or a regional tectonic re‐organization of the Arabia‐Eurasia collision, or both.
Iridescent colour production in hairs of blind golden moles (
Chrysochloridae
)
Authors: Snyder Holly K. , Maia Rafael , D'Alba Liliana , Shultz Allison J. , Rowe Karen M. C. , Rowe Kevin C. , Shawkey Matthew D.
Published: January 2012

Relative to other metazoans, the mammalian integument is thought to be limited in colour. In particular, while iridescence is widespread among birds and arthropods, it has only rarely been reported in mammals. Here, we examine the colour, morphology and optical mechanisms in hairs from four species of golden mole (Mammalia: Chrysochloridae) that are characterized by sheens ranging from purple to green. Microspectrophotometry reveals that this colour is weak and variable. Iridescent hairs are flattened and have highly reduced cuticular scales, providing a broad and smooth surface for light reflection. These scales form multiple layers of light and dark materials of consistent thickness, strikingly similar to those in the elytra of iridescent beetles. Optical modelling suggests that the multi-layers produce colour through thin-film interference, and that the sensitivity of this mechanism to slight changes in layer thickness and number explains colour variability. While coloured integumentary structures are typically thought to evolve as sexual ornaments, the blindness of golden moles suggests that the colour may be an epiphenomenon resulting from evolution via other selective factors, including the ability to move and keep clean in dirt and sand.
Trading spaces: building three-dimensional nets from two-dimensional tilings
Authors: Castle Toen , Evans Myfanwy E. , Hyde Stephen T. , Ramsden Stuart , Robins Vanessa
Published: January 2012

We construct some examples of finite and infinite crystalline three-dimensional nets derived from symmetric reticulations of homogeneous two-dimensional spaces: elliptic (
S
2
), Euclidean (
E
2
) and hyperbolic (
H
2
) space. Those reticulations are edges and vertices of simple spherical, planar and hyperbolic tilings. We show that various projections of the simplest symmetric tilings of those spaces into three-dimensional Euclidean space lead to topologically and geometrically complex patterns, including multiple interwoven nets and tangled nets that are otherwise difficult to generate
ab initio
in three dimensions.
Computational modelling of the piglet brain to simulate near-infrared spectroscopy and magnetic resonance spectroscopy data collected during oxygen deprivation
Authors: Moroz Tracy , Banaji Murad , Robertson Nicola J. , Cooper Chris E. , Tachtsidis Ilias
Published: January 2012

We describe a computational model to simulate measurements from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the piglet brain. Piglets are often subjected to anoxic, hypoxic and ischaemic insults, as experimental models for human neonates. The model aims to help interpret measurements and increase understanding of physiological processes occurring during such insults. It is an extension of a previous model of circulation and mitochondrial metabolism. This was developed to predict NIRS measurements in the brains of healthy adults i.e. concentration changes of oxyhaemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin and redox state changes of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). We altered and enhanced the model to apply to the anaesthetized piglet brain. It now includes metabolites measured by
31
P-MRS, namely phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It also includes simple descriptions of glycolysis, lactate dynamics and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The model is described, and its simulations compared with existing measurements from piglets during anoxia. The NIRS and MRS measurements are predicted well, although this requires a reduction in blood pressure autoregulation. Predictions of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO
2
) and lactate concentration, which were not measured, are given. Finally, the model is used to investigate hypotheses regarding changes in CCO redox state during anoxia.