bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Duration and Ice Thickness of a Late Holocene Outlet Glacier Advance near Narsarsuaq, South Greenland
Authors: Puleo Peter James Kirin , Axford Yarrow
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) outlet glaciers are currently losing mass leading to sea level rise. Reconstructions of past outlet glaciers through the Holocene help us better understand how they respond to climate change. Kiattuut Sermiat, a south Greenland outlet glacier near Narsarsuaq, is known to have experienced an anomalously small Little Ice Age advance compared with a larger Holocene advance that culminated at ~1600 cal yr BP. We report sedimentary records from two lakes at slightly different elevations in an upland valley adjacent to Kiattuut Sermiat, which reveal when the outlet glacier was significantly larger than its Little Ice Age size and constrain the associated outlet glacier surface elevation. We use bulk sediment geochemistry, magnetic susceptibility, color, texture, and the presence of aquatic plant macrofossils to distinguish between till, glaciolacustrine sediments, and organic lake sediments. Our 14C results above basal till recording regional deglaciation skew slightly old due to a hard water effect but are generally consistent with regional deglaciation occurring ~11,000 cal yr BP. Neoglacial advance of Kiattuut Sermiat is recorded by deposition of glaciolacustrine sediments in the lower-elevation lake, which was subsumed by an ice-dammed lake that formed along the glacier’s margin just after ~3900 cal yr BP. This timing is consistent with several other glacial records in Greenland showing Neoglacial cooling driving advance between ~4500–3000 cal yr BP. Given that glaciolacustrine sediments were deposited only in the lower-elevation lake, combined with glacial geomorphological evidence in the valley containing these lakes, we estimate the former ice margin’s elevation to have been ~670 m, compared with ~420 m today. The ice-dammed lake persisted until glacier retreat at ~1600 cal yr BP. That retreat timing contrasts with overall evidence for cooling and glacier advance in the region at that time, so we infer that retreat may have resulted from reduced precipitation amounts and/or local glaciological complexity. High sensitivity to precipitation changes could also explain the limited Little Ice Age advance of Kiattuut Sermiat compared to other Greenland glaciers.
Three years of soil moisture observations by a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensing cluster at an agricultural research site in north-east Germany
Authors: Heistermann Maik , Francke Till , Scheiffele Lena , Dimitrova Petrova Katya , Budach Christian , Schrön Martin , Trost Benjamin , Rasche Daniel , Güntner Andreas , Döpper Veronika , Förster Michael , Köhli Markus , Angermann Lisa , Antonoglou Nikolaos , Zude-Sasse Manuela , Oswald Sascha
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) allows for the estimation of root-zone soil water content (SWC) at the scale of several hectares. In this paper, we present the data recorded by a dense CRNS network operated from 2019 to 2022 at an agricultural research site in Marquardt, Germany – the first multi-year CRNS cluster. Consisting, at its core, of eight permanently installed CRNS sensors, the cluster was supplemented by a wealth of complementary measurements: data from seven additional temporary CRNS sensors, partly collocated with the permanent ones, 27 SWC-profiles (mostly permanent), two groundwater observation wells, meteorological records, and global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R). Complementary to these continuous measurements, numerous campaign-based activities provided data by mobile CRNS-roving, hyperspectral imagery via unmanned aerial systems (UAS), intensive manual sampling of soil properties (SWC, bulk density, organic matter, texture, soil hydraulic properties), and observations of biomass and snow (cover, depth, and density). The unique temporal coverage of three years entails a broad spectrum of hydro-meteorological conditions, including exceptional drought periods, extreme rainfall, but also episodes of snow coverage, as well as a dedicated irrigation experiment. Apart from serving to advance CRNS-related retrieval methods, this data set is expected to be useful for various disciplines, e.g. soil and groundwater hydrology, agriculture, or remote sensing. Hence, we show exemplary features of the data set in order to highlight the potential for such subsequent studies. The data is available at https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.edfdaa0d2a82477fa512bde3f53312f2 (Heistermann et al., 2022b).
A dynamic ammonia emission model and the online coupling with WRF–Chem (WRF–SoilN–Chem v1.0): development and regional evaluation in China
Authors: Ren Chuanhua , Huang Xin , Liu Tengyu , Song Yu , Wen Zhang , Liu Xuejun , Ding Aijun , Zhu Tong
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The volatilization of ammonia (NH3) from fertilizer application and livestock wastes is an overwhelmingly important pathway of nitrogen losses
in agricultural ecosystems and constitutes the largest source of atmospheric
NH3. The volatilization of NH3 highly depends on environmental and
meteorological conditions, however, this phenomenon is poorly described in
current emission inventory and atmospheric models. Here, we develop a
dynamic NH3 emission model capable of calculating the NH3 emission
rate interactively with temporal- and spatial-varying meteorological and soil
conditions. The NH3 flux parameterization relies on several
meteorological factors and anthropogenic activity including fertilizer
application, livestock waste, traffic, residential, and industrial sectors.
The model is then embedded into a regional WRF–Chem model and is evaluated
against field measurements of NH3 concentrations, emission flux, and
satellite retrievals of column loading. The evaluation shows a substantial
improvement in the model performance of NH3 flux and ambient
concentration in China. The model represents the spatial and temporal
variations of ambient NH3 concentration well, indicating the highest
emission in the North China Plain (NCP) and Sichuan Basin, especially during
summertime. Compared with normal simulations using fixed emission inventory
input, this model features superior capability in simulating NH3
emission flux and concentration during drastic weather changes like frontal
activities and precipitation. Such advances in emission quantification also
improve the model performance of secondary inorganic aerosol on synoptic
scales. While more laboratory and field measurements are still needed for
better parameterization of NH3 volatilization, the seamless coupling of
soil emission with meteorology provides a better understanding of NH3
emission evolution and its contribution to atmospheric chemistry.
G&M3D 1.0: an Interactive framework for 3D Model Construction and Forward Calculation of Potential Fields
Authors: Wei Kanggui , Chen Bo , Peng Jiaxiang
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Building source models and performing forward calculations are the basis for data processing, analysis, and interpretation of geophysical data. However, open-source tools for flexibly constructing source models and forward modelling of the potential fields are still lacking. This paper developed a new MATLAB-based software – G&M3D to fill this gap. The software has two main functions: (1) constructing 3-D gravity and magnetic source models and (2) calculating and visualizing their gravity and magnetic fields. In the 3D-Modeling Module, rectangular prisms are used to approximate anomalous geologic bodies. Users can flexibly construct 3-D regular-shaped models with variable densities or magnetic parameters using the Sphere, Cylinder, and Cube tools, or build irregular-shaped models using the Irregular (Layer-Building) tool. On the other hand, the gravity anomalies, gravity gradients, total magnetic intensity, and magnetic gradients generated by the created 3-D sources can be rapidly calculated, visualized, and saved in the Forward-Modelling Module of G&M3D. In order to improve the efficiency of the gravity and magnetic forward calculations, the 2-D discrete convolution algorithm is improved and applied in the software for the forward modelling of the gravity and magnetic fields. Finally, we use G&M3D for the forward gravity modelling over a salt dome in Vinton Dome, southern Louisiana, U.S., which verifies its correctness and practicality.
Instantaneous limit equilibrium back analyses of major rockslides triggered during the 2016–2017 central Italy seismic sequence
Authors: Verrucci Luca , Forte Giovanni , De Falco Melania , Tommasi Paolo , Lanzo Giuseppe , Franke Kevin W. , Santo Antonio
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Among the almost 1400 landslides triggered by the shocks
of the 2016–2017 central Italy seismic sequence, only a limited number, all
classifiable as rockslides, involved volumes larger than 1000 m3. Four
of these failures, including the three largest among the documented
landslides, were described in terms of structural and geomechanical
investigations in a previous paper. In this study, the estimated
acceleration time histories at the rockslide sites were evaluated through a
2D simplified numerical model accounting for the attenuation phenomena and
for the topographic effect of the rock cliffs from which the slide detached.
Instantaneous stability analyses were carried out to obtain insights into
the variability of the instantaneous margin of safety along the motion, over
the entire spectrum of mechanisms that could be activated. Finally, some
general suggestions on the pseudo-static verification method for
3D cases are proposed, which represent useful indications to
hazard evaluation at local and regional scales.
Actuator line model using simplified force calculation methods
Authors: Navarro Diaz Gonzalo Pablo , Otero Alejandro Daniel , Asmuth Henrik , Sørensen Jens Nørkær , Ivanell Stefan
Published: March 2023

Abstract. To simulate transient wind turbine wake interaction problems using limited wind turbine data, two new variants of the actuator line technique are proposed in which the rotor blade forces are computed locally using generic load data. The proposed models, which are extensions of the actuator disk force models proposed by Navarro Diaz et al. (2019a) and Sørensen et al. (2020), only demand thrust and power coefficients and the tip speed ratio as input parameters. In the paper the analogy between the actuator disk model (ADM) and the actuator line model (ALM)
is shown, and from this a simple methodology to implement local forces in the ALM without the need for knowledge of blade geometry and local airfoil data is derived. Two simplified variants of ALMs are proposed, an analytical one based on Sørensen et al. (2020) and a numerical one based on Navarro Diaz et al. (2019a). The proposed models are compared to the ADM using analogous data, as well as to the classical ALM based on blade element theory, which provides more detailed force distributions by using airfoil data. To evaluate the local force calculation, the analysis of a partial-wake interaction case between two wind turbines is carried out for a uniform laminar inflow and for a turbulent neutral atmospheric boundary layer inflow. The computations are performed using the large eddy simulation facility in Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM), including Simulator for Wind Farm Applications (SOWFA)
libraries and the reference National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW wind turbine as the test case. In the single-turbine case, computed normal and tangential force distributions along the blade showed a very good agreement between the employed models. The two new ALMs exhibited the same distribution as the ALM based on geometry and airfoil data, with minor differences due to the particular tip correction needed in the ALM.
For the challenging partially impacted wake case, both the analytical and the numerical approaches manage to correctly capture the force distribution at the different regions of the rotor area, with, however, a consistent overestimation of the normal force outside the wake and an underestimation inside the wake. The analytical approach shows a slightly better performance in wake impact cases compared to the numerical one. As expected, the ALMs gave a much more detailed prediction of the higher-frequency power output fluctuations than the ADM. These promising findings open the possibility to simulate commercial wind farms in transient inflows using the ALM without having to get access to actual wind turbine and airfoil data, which in most cases are restricted due to confidentiality.
Investigating the collective value at risk model (CVaR) and its application on real data for life insurance
Authors: Ismail Muhammad Iqbal Al-Banna , Bon Abdul Talib , Sukono Sukono , Effendie Adhitya Ronnie , Saputra Jumadil
Published: March 2023

Life insurance is designed to reduce the risk of financial loss due to unforeseen consequences related to the insured's death. In life insurance, the insurer provides death benefits as a claim when the insured suffers death. The claim is the compensation for a risk loss. Individual claim in one-period insurance is called aggregation claim, while aggregation claim is a collective risk. Collective risk is usually measured using a variance. However, the variance risk measure cannot often accommodate any event risk because there is a risk of claims beyond the amount of variance. Using the proposed method CVaR and confidence level are taken from α = 0.25% until 4%. This study found that the proposed method CVaR scored more fairly than Collective Risk. In conclusion, this study indicated that the collective risk model is just included using mean and variance without any confidence level. Therefore, only one result for the Collective Risk model, which automatically shows the model using mean, variance and standard deviation, could not accommodate all risk events.
A proposed NCAAA-based approach to the self-evaluation of higher education programs for academic accreditation: A comparative study using TOPSIS
Authors: Alqahtani Ammar Y. , Makki Anas A. , Abdulaal Reda M. S.
Published: March 2023

Quality standards must be fulfilled to satisfy a base level of quality. Despite using this idea as a foundation, evaluations of academic programs still rely on the evaluators' experiences and may differ from one evaluator to the next. As a result, more precise evaluation approaches must be created to ensure quality is accurately reflected. The main goal of this research paper is to propose and evaluate an approach to assessing higher educational programs using the Self-Evaluation Scale (SES) developed by the Saudi National Commission for Academic Accreditation and Evaluation (NCAAA). The proposed approach is a breakdown of the original performance criteria and standards into sub-criteria and elements to ensure the required data quality. The second goal is to compare the NCAAA's original performance criteria and the proposed evaluation sub-criteria. A comparison framework that uses the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is developed. Data from eight programs offered in a Middle Eastern University was used for the application and comparison between the two evaluation approaches. Results show that both approaches provide different quality performance rankings. The proposed approach demonstrated more conservative and accurate overall quality performance ratings, indicating that application decisions for accreditation are affected.
The effect of audit quality as a moderator on the relationship between financial performance indicators and the stock return
Authors: Oroud Yazen , Almashaqbeh Mohammad , Almahadin Hamed Ahmad , Hashem Abdulrahman , Altarawneh Marwan
Published: March 2023

This study investigates how audit quality moderates the effect of financial performance indicators on the stock returns of Amman Stock Exchange-listed firms (ASE). The panel data analysis selected the data of 95 ASE-listed firms from 2013 through 2021. This analysis demonstrates a significant inverse relationship between a company's book value and its stock returns. A statistically negative relationship was observed between cash flow, dividends per share, and stock return. The empirical results of this study confirm the moderating influence of audit quality in the relationship between financial performance and stock return. Firstly, auditor's fees have a significant impact on the relationship between firm stock returns and EPS, BV, DPS, and cash flows (CFO). The size of the auditing firm moderates the relationship between company stock returns and EPS, DPS, and the CFO, but not with book value (BV). The auditor's opinion moderates the relationship between business stock returns and EPS, BV, and DPS but not the relationship between firm stock returns and cash flows (CFO). The study suggests that regulatory bodies like the Companies Control Department (CCD) and ASE should make sure that local audit firms in Jordan improve their audit quality to be on par with the Big 4 audit firms in order to improve their financial performance measures and stock returns.
Convergence theorem for split feasibility problem, equilibrium problem and zeroes of sum of monotone operators
Authors: Oyewole Olawale Kazeem , Jolaoso Lateef O. , Mewomo Oluwatosin Temitope , Khan Safeer Hussain
Published: March 2023

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a parallel iterative algorithm for approximating the solution of a split feasibility problem on the zero of monotone operators, generalized mixed equilibrium problem and fixed point problem. Using our algorithm, we state and prove a strong convergence theorem for approximating a common element in the set of solutions of a problem of finding zeroes of sum of two monotone operators,generalized mixed equilibrium problem and fixed point problem for a finite family of $\eta$-demimetric mappings in the frame work of a reflexive, strictly convex and smooth Banach spaces. We also give a numerical experiment applying our main result. Our result improves, extends and unifies other results in this direction in the literature.
On spectral polynomial of splices and links of graphs
Authors: Ramane Harishchandra , Patil Daneshwari , Ashoka K. , Parvathalu B.
Published: March 2023

The spectral polynomial of a graph is the characteristic polynomial of its adjacency matrix. Spectral polynomial of the splice and links of complete graph and star have been obatined recently in the literature. In this paper we generalize these results using the concept of equitable partition.
Chito-oligosaccharides derived from Tilapia Fish Scales;
A Powerful Antioxidant
Authors: Chaudhry Gul-e-Saba , CS Thirukanthan , Mohamed Zin Nor Atikah , Yik Sung Yeong , Tengku Muhammad Tengku Sifzizul , AWM Effendy
Published: March 2023

Fish scales are a good source of chitin and collagen that can be used in various cosmetic, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food industries due to their stability and environmental friendliness. The antioxidant activities of chito-oligosaccharides derived from fish scales evaluated via i) DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ii) superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, iii) ferrous ions chelating activity, and iv) reducing power analysis. The present work results indicated that chito-oligosaccharides (COS) derived from fish scales exhibited good antioxidant activities if compared against other sources of chitosan found in the literature. Thus, the development of bioactive products originated from fish scales could play a remarkable role in the sustainability and biomedical, food, and cosmaceuticals industries.
Preparation and FTIR-ATR combined with chemometrics analysis of self-emulsifying loaded sungkai extract from Peronema canecens
Authors: Shiyan Shaum , Ramadona Nafisah , Fitri Utami Widea , Depriyanti Natascha , Mukafi Anazir , Noviandhani Wanda
Published: March 2023

The use of immunomodulators is one strategy in maintaining the immune system during the Covid-19 pandemic. Sungkai leaf extract from Peronema canecens keeps the immune system in good shape. Therefore, in this study, we formulated a self-emulsifying loaded sungkai leaves extract (SE-SLE) with oleic acid and virgin coconut oil (VCO) oil phases, span 80 and tween 80 as surfactants and co-surfactants in the form of PEG-400 and PG. Chemometric analysis was conducted by observing the typical pattern in each FTIR-ATR spectra. The pattern is divided into several groups based on the wavenumber and analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the compounds contained therein. Grouping based on chemical properties via IR spectra on SE-SLE resulted in two large groups. The results obtained are beneficial as initial information in developing and optimizing the self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system formula.
Insoliti sospetti: una diarrea intrattabile da citomegalovirus
Authors: Colombo Sofia F.G. , Loiodice Martina , Biuso Andrea , Carlucci Patrizia , Fabiano Valentina , Verduci Elvira , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo
Published: March 2023

Intractable diarrhoea in infancy is defined as diarrhoea persisting for more than 2 weeks in infants up to 3 months of age and requiring parenteral nutrition. It is often a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for paediatricians. The following case report suggests that, once the most common diagnoses for this age group have been excluded, a cause of persistent diarrhoea that is usually overlooked and neglected such as cytomegalovirus enterocolitis should be always kept in mind.
Communication Regime in Belarus: State, Challenges and Threats
Authors: Gribin N. P.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the results of the study of the information and communication sphere in the Republic of Belarus, the role, place and importance of national and foreign information and communication resources. The state, challenges and threats to the national security of the Republic, the tools for conducting the information war of the Western countries against the Belarusian state are considered. Examples of the information impact of opposition channels in Telegram, Twitter, You Tube on the authorities in Belarus with the aim of removing A.G. Lukashenko from the post of the President of the Republic are given. Comparisons were made between the effectiveness and popularity of state-owned media and foreign private information resources. Priority areas of the research are identified and presented, the results should be used to strengthen counteraction to information and psychological attacks against Russia and Belarus.
Dynamics of Friendliness of Communication Regimes of Neighboring Countries (Based on the Results of Annual Monitoring)
Authors: Komleva V. V.
Published: March 2023

The article contains the results of monitoring the friendliness of communication regimes in the post-Soviet countries and an analysis of the friendliness rating of these countries for 2022. The author identifies a number of trends: the strengthening of the polarization of friendly and unfriendly communication regimes; strengthening state control over information content and communication channels; reducing the subjectivity of civil society institutions as actors of communication regimes; increased pressure on the Orthodox Church. Fluctuating type of communication regimes are revealed, in which, according to the author, one should expect changes in the conditions of communications with Russia. It spoken about critically significant factor in the successful promotion of Russia's interests – the development of special communication strategies for intercountry interactions. The author argues that the phenomenon of "post-Soviet" is alive and is used by different countries either to build up friendly communications or to increase hostility towards Russia.
Central Asia – Russia: Opportunities and Limitations in Building a Joint Future (Foresight Analysis)
Authors: Marmontova T. V. , Tazhibaev A. T. , Shamsieva I. M. , Makhmutkhojaeva L. S. , Kozhirova S. B.
Published: March 2023

Central Asia now plays an important geopolitical role in the balance of power in Eurasia. Russia's role in the region is evolving, but it remains one of the leading ones. The pandemic and the conﬂict in Ukraine have shifted the situation out of homeostasis. So it is now important to address the issue of security, support for small and mediumsized businesses, and the preservation and development of cultural and humanitarian links. Based on the Foresight procedure this article draws conclusions about the way forward for multilateral relations in the “Central Asia-Russia” format on the basis of the outcome documents announced by the Heads of the Central Asian States and the Russian Federation after their meeting. Using the rapid Foresight tools (anticipation, design, programming and projection), conclusions are drawn about the important position of the Russian Federation as a regional actor in the external policies of the Central Asian States. Its current position is strong, but not uncontroversial. The thesis of the interpenetration of the Russian and Central Asian economies has also been elaborated, since the backbone of low-diversifcation economies are energy and energy-transit. At the same time, one cannot ignore the powerful resource of soft power. The vast area of frontier communicativeness formed by the Kazakhstan-Russian border is a unique resource that can be exploited in the future. The article was based on the results of a scientifc discussion held at the National Communications Development Research Institution (NIIRC), Moscow, Russia in 2022.
Conditions and Factors for the Development of Inter-country Communications between Azerbaijan and Russia
Authors: Huseynov R. N. , Krylov A. B. , Mobili R. B.
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the priorities in relations between the countries of the postSoviet region have been changing rapidly. In this situation, it is very important to see the trends and mindsets of the societies of our countries, including those expressed in the media and social networks. In this context, relations between Azerbaijan and Russia, or more precisely between our societies, are in many ways friendly. In Azerbaijan society, the attitude towards the Russian language, culture and education is consistently good. There is a growing interest in education in Russian, which is signifcant against the backdrop of not only popularity, but also restrictions on Russian-language education in some countries in the post-Soviet space. However, the external factor in the South Caucasus has a great inﬂuence on the Azerbaijan political discourse and leads to the spread of phenomena that are contrary to Russian national interests and can be considered by Russia as threats. The study used materials from some media, the results of personal observations and conclusions from numerous public events.
The Friendliness of Armenia's Communication Regime: Towards the Question of Media and Public Attitudes
Authors: Ayvazyan D. S. , Krylov A. B. , Poghosyan G. A. , Krivopuskov V. V.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the issue of friendliness as a category of the current state of the communication regimes of the Republic of Armenia and the Russian Federation. The orientation of the friendliness of the Armenian communication regime is largely determined by the sharp contradictions between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the continuing tension in the Karabakh conﬂict zone, and the instability of the internal political situation. The confrontation of various political forces and the large role of the external factor have a great inﬂuence on the Armenian political discourse and favor the emergence of trends that are contrary to Russian national interests and can be considered by Russia as threats. The article analyzes the features of the news materials presented by the information and information-analytical agencies of Armenia in Russian. Information occasions, the emotional tone of information messages are studied, it is assessed how fully the Russianlanguage content reﬂects the events in the life of Armenian society and, in particular, the trends in the development of relations between Armenia and Russia. It is concluded that the potential for more detailed news coverage in Russian of Russian-Armenian relations, the  results of cooperation between Russia and Armenia has not yet been revealed. The article was based on the results of a scientifc discussion held at the National Communications evelopment Research Institution (NIIRC), Moscow, Russia in 2022.
Burden and associated risk factors for surgical site infections in General Surgery Department of Ndola Teaching Hospital (NTH) from January to December 2021: A Hospital-based retrospective study
Authors: Clyde Moono Hakayuwa  , David Mulenga
Published: March 2023

Background: Surgical Site Infections are the second most common type of health care-associated infection. Prior to this study, no research of this kind had been done at Ndola Teaching Hospital in Ndola, Zambia, to determine the prevalence of SSI after general surgery. This study therefore aimed at determining the burden and associated risk factors for surgical site infections in General Surgery Department of Ndola Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based retrospective descriptive study conducted Ndola Teaching Hospital general surgery dept. Selected and operated patients’ hospital records were reviewed. Pearson Chi-square test and Odds ratio were used to test for each risk factor’s association with SSI followed by their 95% confidence interval. Only p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The burden of surgical site infections was 18% [OR=0.394; 95%CI = (0.179-0.867)]. Factors that showed a significant association with the burden were gender [OR=3.394; 95%CI= (1.179-8.867), p=0.014], post-operative duration of hospital stay [OR=20.308; 95%CI= (3.364-27.798), p=0.00], emergency surgeries [OR=3.445; 95%CI = (1.625-7.304), p= 0.001] and intra-operative duration [OR=12.476; 95%CI= (4.104-37.925), p= 0.000]. However, there was no association observed between the qualification of the surgeon and the development of the infection. Conclusion: Surgical site infections were high and associated with the duration of hospital stay, intra-op duration of the procedure, the type of surgery and gender. It remains imperative to find possible interventions to reduce the risk of suffering from surgical site infections among patients who go to theatre.
Wind-Solar Co-generation System Based on Spar-type Floating Foundation
Authors: Cao Pengyu
Published: March 2023

With China's "double carbon" goal, the development of renewable energy must be accelerated, wind and solar energy is considered the best alternative to fossil energy, the vast area of the ocean, wind resources are more abundant and stable. In this paper, based on the sea condition of maximum water depth of 200 m, maximum wave height of 8m and period of 10 s, an ocean floating platform with Spar type floating foundation is designed to realize the joint development of wind and solar energy. Among them, the wind power generation power is 15 MW and the solar power generation power is 2.44 MW, the total power generation power is 17.44 MW. The initial stability test results of the floating platform show that the center of gravity is lower than the floating center, the initial stability height is 61.87 m, and the initial stability is stable; the load on the whole floating platform is 2297169 N when the wind speed is 10 m/s; the maximum positive wave force on the whole floating platform is 187235339 N and the maximum negative wave force is 187228513 N under the set sea condition; the cost of the floating platform the total cost of the floating platform was estimated to be 200 million RMB, and the cost was 11.5 million RMB/kW. In this paper, only one working condition is considered when calculating the wind load, and many assumptions are taken when calculating the wave load, and the calculation results are somewhat different compared with the actual results. In the future, the dynamic response of the floating platform under different operating conditions can be calculated with the help of numerical calculation software.
Various Nanotechnology Applied in Practical Electric Vehicles
Authors: Sun Yizhe , Wang Boxi , Wang Tianyu , Zhu Boxuan
Published: March 2023

This paper is aiming to know the advanced nanotechnology applied the vehicles. This article collects a large number of data on nanotechnology. And nanotechnology is applied in vehicles by the development of society. Nanotechnology tends to give people much more convenience than before. The equipment made of nanomaterials has many advantages, lighter in weight, stronger in hardness, longer in life, lower in maintenance cost, and more convenient in design. During these advantages, the lighter weight and convenient design are the most important. In addition, nanotechnology not only can be used in materials and also can be used in high-technology industries like batteries, semiconductors, and communication satellite technology. At the same time, nanotechnology is widely used in electric vehicles.  Electric vehicles are more and more popular than before. This paper analyzes this subject from three aspects, the application of nanotechnology in battery safety, nanotechnology for car components, and nanotechnology for car batteries. This paper shows the benefits of the cars use of nanotechnology on cars.
Unimodal Versus Multimodal Treatment in the Context of ADHD Symptom Persistence into Adulthood
Authors: Zheng Yijun , Su Zuqi
Published: March 2023

As more children and adults are diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), it is important to inform the general population about the extensive yet complex nature of the disorder. If left untreated, ADHD can negatively impact the academic, social, and economical aspects of a person’s life. The concept of ADHD has historically shifted from decade to decade, each time focusing on a different etiology as well as symptoms. The main piece of literature examined in this paper is the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA), a 14-month randomized clinical trial funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to determine the most effective method of treatment for ADHD. Four methods were introduced: medication, behavioral, combined (medication and behavioral), and community (already available) treatment. Results from the study indicated medication to be the most efficient treatment due to its convenience and cost-effectiveness. However, contemporary research revealed the persistence of ADHD symptoms into adulthood, and how they can negatively affect the educational, occupational, and emotional aspects of adult life. Further supplementary research showcases people’s willingness to expend more resources to prevent greater losses in the future. Along with newly found efficacy of behavioral therapy in ADHD with anxiety comorbidity which is a leading predictor in ADHD persistence into adulthood, this paper suggests the multimodal combined treatment to be the most optimal mode of treatment. In summary, the purpose of this review is to inform the reader of ADHD as well as propose a novel and optimal treatment for those with persistence of ADHD symptoms into adulthood.
Understanding the Effects of Cholesterol and Ethanol on the Stability and Morphology of Bicellar Mixtures
Authors: Zhang Weinan , Zhang Weitao
Published: March 2023

Elucidating the stability and morphology of bicellar mixtures is of great importance in the biomedical field. In this report, self-assembly cholesterol (CHOL)-containing bicellar mixtures were investigated, that were composed of long chain hydrogenated soybean phospholipids (HSPC), short chain 1, 2-diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) phospholipids, negatively charged dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (1, 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DPPG), and polyethylene glycol conjugated (1, 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethano-lamine-N-[methoxy (polyethylene glycol)-2000] (PEG2000-DSPE) lipid. Analytical techniques like; Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the stability and morphology changes of these bicellar mixtures. The effects of CHOL and ethanol on the morphology and stability of these bicellar mixtures under 50ºC were also studied. The transition happened from nanodiscs to nanovesicles when the CHOL molar ratio was 40% in pure water. However, adding ethanol could improve CHOL solubility when the ethanol weight ratio was 20 wt% (ethanol/lipid) that favored nanodiscs-nanovesicle transition. Additionally, the ammonium sulfate maybe another factor that could affect the morphology of these bicellar mixtures form high order d-spacing structure.
Study on the Technology of Low Alcohol Hawthorn Flavor Beer
Authors: Sang Shuojun , Qin Xiaoxu , Wang Kun , Shao Minghua , Tang Simin , Yuan Wenxin , Li Zihan , Liu Jiahao , Dong Xiaolei
Published: March 2023

Hawthorn fruit is bright red in color, contains a variety of nutrients, and has many health effects. In this paper, through the study of yeast, fermentation temperature, acid reduction, high residual sugar and other factors, we finally selected NO303 Aerospace yeast with rich ester aroma and low fermentation degree reserved in the yeast bank of Qilu University of technology for fermentation. Fermentation temperature is 19.0℃, the main fermentation duration is:1-2days, total fermentation time is about 10 days. The physical and chemical indexes of low alcohol hawthorn beer are as follows: Original wort concentration is 11°P, residual sugar is 9.8°P, alcohol level is 0.45 %vol, total acid is 2.55mL/100mL, pH3.87, chroma is 13.5EBC. Finally, low alcohol hawthorn beer with light red color, hawthorn aroma and strong ester aroma was obtained. The beer has low acidity, balanced between acidity and sweetness, unique taste and low alcohol content. It is more like a carbonated beverage with strong killing taste and is suitable for the general public, especially young female consumers.
Handwritten Text Classification Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Chen Aldyn
Published: March 2023

The convolutional neural network (CNN) is a popular and highly effective deep learning technique for image classification. As the popularity of CNNs grew, the model has become popular in several machine learning problems. This paper utilizes a CNN model and the popular LeNet-5 transfer learned model to classify texts after the words are preprocessed and segmented from an image. The EMNIST database is used to train the models. The paper achieves an 89.36% validation accuracy on the EMNIST Balanced dataset and an 86.64% on the EMNIST By_Class dataset for the CNN model of four convolutional layers and one dense layer. Similarly, the LeNet-5 model obtained a validation accuracy of 85.88% on the EMNIST Balanced dataset and 85.01% accuracy on the EMNIST By_Class dataset. However, despite a higher accuracy in the EMNIST Balanced dataset, the EMNIST By_Class dataset achieves better results in real-world handwritten texts.
Deep Learning Based Text Classification Methods
Authors: Wang Zhaoguo
Published: March 2023

Text classification tasks are indispensable in natural language processing. With the development of Internet technology, the way people transmit information has changed from letters to the Internet. With the increase in the amount of information, manual data annotation is inefficient. After 2010, the emergence of deep learning methods has brought text classification into an epoch-making stage. ReNN-> MLP-> RNN-> CNN-> Attention -> Transformer-> GNN and other text classification methods are gradually being developed and known by everyone, which also shows that text classification is developing towards a text feature that does not rely on manually acquired text features and is directly learning from the text content and modelling. This paper will start with basic knowledge, first let everyone understand the nature, application and historical background of text classification, will briefly introduce shallow learning, then enter deep learning, Select the classic model from the six classification methods from ReNN to Transformer for brief analysis, briefly analyse the model from the principle of the model, what problems it is good at solving, problems or shortcomings that it is not good at solving. Finally, the paper describes the performance of these models on the dataset.
Reinforcement Learning for Improving Flappy Bird Game
Authors: Wei Shiyao
Published: March 2023

Currently, Artificial Intelligence becomes popularity among the human daily life, like games, Internet and so on. Authors has shown that in the game filed the Artificial Intelligence always have better performance than human beings, so in this article, the author wants to use AI to carry out on an old- fashion fame called Flappy Bird. This study aims to determine the specific method why AI has better performance than human beings. In this context, the author based on the process of experiments: It mainly used reinforcement learning model (Acting based on feedback from the environment, through continuous interaction with the environment, trial, and error, to ultimately accomplish a specific purpose or to maximize the overall benefits of the action) and supervised learning model (the process of making the machine learn a large amount of sample data with labels, training a model and making the model get the corresponding output according to the input) to improve the Flappy Bird and both two method are belonging to the machine learning. In addition, this study alters the layout of the game, including pipe, appearance of agent, and background of the game in order to make a more fashionable game. Furthermore, this study increases the number of agents, which makes it easier for agent to achieve higher score. Last but not the least, author establish a archive point, which means if the player face operation mistake and lead to game over, they bird will relive before passing the last pipe.
The Combination of Flappy Bird and Reinforcement Learning Using Q-learning
Authors: Dong Xinlu , Fan Xiaole , Sun Chenhao , Xu Zhengyang
Published: March 2023

The development of artificial intelligence has expanded application fields gradually. In recent years, the combination of artificial intelligence and games attracted much attention. In this case, reinforcement learning is often chosen as an effective method to let the computer play the game by itself. In this study, the Q-learning algorithm from reinforcement learning was applied to Flappy Bird. There are the important factors of Q-learning, including state (S), action (A), reward (R), policy (π), time (t), Epsilon Greedy policy and Q-table. After that, a python class called “bot” was used, and it is used as an intelligent agent in the project. In order to implement the Q-learning algorithm, the state of each element of the game was adjusted continuously through the “mainGame” function of the Flappy Bird game. Finally, the survival reward was set to 1 and the death reward to -1000 to increase the survival rate. In addition, coins with different reward values were added to increase the difficulty of training. After training, the survival rate of the bird is improved, and it is clear that the reward value of gold coins will affect the agent's choice tendency. To combine artificial intelligence and games means that computers can be trained to deal with the complex and changing situations in games, and the progress will affect the application of artificial intelligence in real life more deeply.
A feasibility study comparing car-t cell therapy and separate limb end perfusion therapy in the treatment of melanoma
Authors: Wen Yuan
Published: March 2023

There are several potential advancements within cancer immunotherapy, but cells of chimeric antigen receptor-T stand out. Recently, two CAR-T cell designs targeting CD19 have been approved for use in the US and the European Union due to their promising results in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Currently, researchers are focusing on evaluating the efficientness of CAR-T cell treatment for a variety of cancer of the solid tissues. Melanoma is caused by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. In addition to the skin, melanomas can also develop in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the digestive system or the brain. Melanocytes are formed in the neural crest. Since transformed cells must overcome extra obstacles to survive, the treatment of solid cancers with cells that produce CAR-T has been less successful than the treatment of hematologic malignancies with cells that produce CAR-T. A solid cancer's immunosuppressive microenvironment and the inability to migrate cells that produce CAR-T to the site of the cancer are two significant barriers. In addition, finding the optimal target antigens to avoid on-target toxicity and non-cancer toxicity is a challenge. To lessen the harmful effects of systemic chemotherapy, Creech & Krementz developed isolated limb perfusion in 1956 to create high levels of chemotherapy in limbs affected by unresectable cancers, particularly soft tissue sarcomas and melanomas. By using these targets, it is possible to remove the wounded limb's circulation from the body's circulation and connect it to an extracorporeal system. When the patient becomes excessively hot, chemotherapeutic medications, primarily melphalan & cancer necrosis factor, are administered via a perfusion circuit. The objective of this article is to provide a summary of the benefits and drawbacks of employing car-t-cell therapy to cure solid cancers, particularly melanoma. It also investigates the possibilities of curing melanoma using car-T treatment as well as isolated limb perfusion.
The Evaluation of Effects, Mechanisms, and Clinical Data of Avelumab
Authors: Gui Tiffany , Ma Lawrence
Published: March 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), the new frontier in the fight against cancer, have attracted much attention in the past few years. Among all types of ICIs, Avelumab is one of the most experimented upon because it is advantageous compared to other more traditional types of treatments like radiotherapy and surgery. Avelumab is capable of eliminating cancer from some patients who do not respond to the traditional treatments, or when their cancers reappear after being treated. Avelumab can target cancer more specifically, with minimal damage to other body cells like the death of hair follicles that result from chemotherapy. Though it is an effective treatment, there are a few areas in which it can improve, including lowering its costs, decreasing the risk of irAE, and making it effective to more patients. This paper will mainly discuss the history, mechanism, limitations, and treatment of different cancers using Avelumab, and focus on analyzing data on the effectiveness and performance of Avelumab in clinical trials when it is used to treat different cancers.
Progress of CRISPR-Cas9 in Treatment of β-thalassemia
Authors: Dai Shenru
Published: March 2023

β-thalassemia is a common genetic blood disorder, including three clinical and hemtological conditions: the thalassemia intermedia, β-thalassemia carrier state, and thalassemia major. It is widely distributed in the tropical, subtropical and mediterranean regions, and It has grown to be a significant global public health issue. Currently, the sole curative treatment for β-thalassemia is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but the development of the HSCT is limited by the lack of an immunomatched donor and the high cost. Considering the advancement of gene editing technology in recent years, it is possible to cure the β-thalassemia with low cost and higher chances of surviving. CRISPR-Cas9 system, since its characteristics of simple operation, targeting specificity and low price, has been widely used in the field of life science and medical science. Currently, the study of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in the treatment of β-thalassemia has made a partial progress. This review systematically introduces the application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in the treatment of β-thalassemia.