bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dams on Mekong tributaries as significant contributors of hydrological alterations to the Tonle Sap Floodplain in Cambodia
Authors: Arias M. E. , Piman T. , Lauri H. , Cochrane T. A. , Kummu M.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. River tributaries have a key role in the biophysical functioning of the Mekong Basin. Of particular interest are the Sesan, Srepok, and Sekong (3S) rivers, which contribute nearly a quarter of the total Mekong discharge. Forty two dams are proposed in the 3S, and once completed they will exceed the active storage of China's large dam cascade in the Upper Mekong. Given their proximity to the Lower Mekong floodplains, the 3S dams could alter the flood-pulse hydrology driving the productivity of downstream ecosystems. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify how hydropower development in the 3S, together with definite future (DF) plans for infrastructure development through the basin, would alter the hydrology of the Tonle Sap's Floodplain, the largest wetland in the Mekong and home to one of the most productive inland fisheries in the world. We coupled results from four numerical models representing the basin's surface hydrology, water resources development, and floodplain hydrodynamics. The scale of alterations caused by hydropower in the 3S was compared with the basin's DF scenario driven by the Upper Mekong dam cascade. The DF or the 3S development scenarios could independently increase Tonle Sap's 30-day minimum water levels by 30 ± 5 cm and decrease annual water level fall rates by 0.30 ± 0.05 cm day−1. When analyzed together (DF + 3S), these scenarios are likely to eliminate all baseline conditions (1986–2000) of extreme low water levels, a particularly important component of Tonle Sap's environmental flows. Given the ongoing trends and large economic incentives in the hydropower business in the region, there is a high possibility that most of the 3S hydropower potential will be exploited and that dams will be built even in locations where there is a high risk of ecological disruption. Hence, retrofitting current designs and operations to promote sustainable hydropower practices that optimize multiple river services – rather than just maximize hydropower generation – appear to be the most feasible alternative to mitigate hydropower-related disruptions in the Mekong.
Application of a fast and efficient algorithm to assess landslide prone areas in sensitive clays – toward landslide susceptibility assessment, Sweden
Authors: Melchiorre C. , Tryggvason A.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. This work deals with susceptibility assessment in sensitive clays at national scale. The proposed methodology is based on a procedure which uses soil data and Digital Elevation Models to detect areas prone to landslides and has been applied in Sweden for several years. Specifically, we tested an algorithm which is able to detect soil and slope criteria guaranteeing a faster execution compared to other implementations and an efficient filtering procedure. The adopted computational solution allows using local information on depth to bedrock and several cross-sectional angle thresholds, and therefore opens up new possibilities to improve landslide susceptibility assessment. We tested the algorithm in the Göta River valley and evaluated the effect of filtering, depth to bedrock and cross-sectional angle thresholds on model performance. The thresholds were derived by analysing the relationship between landslide scarps and the Quick Clay Susceptibility Index (QCSI). The results gave us important insights on how to implement the filtering procedure, the use of depth to bedrock and the derived cross-sectional angle thresholds in landslide susceptibility assessment.
Diaphragmatic Endometriosis: Review of the Literature and First Case of Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Treatment
Authors: Cela Vito , Simi Giovanna , Obino Maria Elena Rosa , Uccelli Alessia , D'Isidoro Cristiano , Morelli Luca , Pluchino Nicola , Freschi Letizia
Published: December 2014

Background

Thoracic endometriosis is a rare disorder affecting women in reproductive age. The etiopathogenesis of this disease is not well understood. The symptoms appear, but not necessarily, during periods in person affected by the condition.

Methods

A 35-year-old woman came to our clinic, the Infertility and Assisted Reproduction Center of the University of Pisa, for infertility treatment. She described a clinical history of abdominal pain with irradiation up to the right shoulder, depending on her breathing or position, during menstruation. She also reported that she did not experience these symptoms while taking an oral contraceptive. Pelvic ultrasound examination and thorax X-ray were normal. The patient also underwent thoracic and abdominal pelvis magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thoracic MRI revealed a nodule on the right hemidiaphragm. It was decided to perform surgical removal of the nodule. Robotic-assisted surgery was used because of its multiple advantages in comparison with laparoscopic surgery, such as a 3-dimensional view, a decrease in surgeon fatigue and tremors, and an increase of wrist motion with improved dexterity and greater surgical precision. The surgery was performed in May 2012. The patient was put on the left lateral bedside. Pneumoperitoneum with CO2 was established with an intra-abdominal pressure of 12 mm Hg using a Veress needle. Robotic trocars of 8-mm diameter were introduced at the diaphragmatic level and connected to the robot arms. Her pelvic and abdominal organs appeared healthy. The right hemidiaphragm presented adherence with the liver due to endometriosis disease. We removed the adhesion, and we performed the excision of the diaphragmatic endometriotic nodule. The nodule was extracted through an endobag. Operative time lasted 2 hours.

Conclusions

The postoperative evolution was satisfactory, and the patient left the hospital on the third postoperative day. No complications occurred. We showed that this approach is feasible and safe, without conversion to laparotomy.
Vaginal Wall Endometriosis Treated by Low-Dose Estrogen-Progestin: A Case Report
Authors: Murakami Makoto , Ichimura Tomoyuki , Kasai Mari , Kawamura Naoki , Sumi Toshiyuki
Published: December 2014

As vaginal wall endometriosis is rare, standard therapy has not yet been established. We report here a case of vaginal wall endometriosis that was reduced through administration of low-dose estrogen-progestin (LEP). The patient was a 37-year-old woman who presented with atypical genital bleeding (AGB) and dysmenorrhea. We recognized small hematomatous lesions on the posterior fornix of the vagina and a 3-cm mass in the pouch of Douglas, and we diagnosed the patient with vaginal wall endometriosis. We administered drug therapy with LEP. AGB stopped, and both the hematomatous vaginal wall lesion and the mass in the pouch of Douglas were reduced in size. The vaginal and pouch of Douglas lesions did not grow, and both AGB and dysmenorrhea did not appear for 42 months. LEP reduces vaginal wall endometriosis and rectovaginal endometriosis. In this case, we confirmed the direct effect of LEP on a vaginal wall endometriosis lesion. LEP therapy may be effective as postoperative therapy for vaginal wall endometriosis.
De balans van tien jaar Europees aanhoudingsbevel: efficiency en rechtsbescherming in balans?
Authors: Glerum Vincent
Published: December 2014

De balans van tien jaar Europees aanhoudingsbevel: efficiency en rechtsbescherming in balans?

Na tien jaar EAB onderzoekt deze bijdrage of de vereenvoudiging en versnelling van de justitiële samenwerking in strafzaken in evenwicht zijn met de rechtsbescherming van de opgeëiste persoon. Waar het Hof van Justitie vooral uitgaat van het vertrouwen in de nationale rechtsorde van de uitvaardigende lidstaat, volgt uit recente Uniewetgeving dat dit vertrouwen soms onvoldoende is. Ook de oplossingen van de Uniewetgever richten zich hoofdzakelijk op rechtsbescherming in de uitvaardigende lidstaat. Voor het evenwicht tussen efficiency en rechtsbescherming is vooral een in de uitvoerende lidstaat toe te passen weigeringsgrond inzake grondrechtenschendingen van groot belang.

Pb. EG 2002, L 190/1
Recht op toegang tot een advocaat in het strafproces.
Authors: Boksem Jan
Published: December 2014

Recht op toegang tot een advocaat in het strafproces. Enkele gedachten naar aanleiding van de implementatie van Richtlijn 2013/48/EU.

Op 22 oktober 2013 werd Richtlijn 2013/48/EU (hierna: de Richtlijn) vastgesteld. Deze Richtlijn bevat onder meer minimumvoorschriften betreffende het recht van de verdachte op toegang tot een advocaat in strafprocedures. De advocaat moet op zijn beurt de fundamentele aspecten van de verdediging onverkort kunnen waarborgen. De Richtlijn dient uiterlijk op 27 november 2016 in de nationale wetgeving te zijn geïmplementeerd. In deze bijdrage wordt stilgestaan bij de (mogelijke) gevolgen van de implementatie van de Richtlijn voor de Nederlandse rechtsorde.

Richtlijn 2013/48/EU van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 22 oktober 2013 betreffende het recht op toegang tot een advocaat in strafprocedures en in procedures ter uitvoering van een Europees aanhoudingsbevel en het recht om een derde op de hoogte te laten brengen vanaf de vrijheidsbeneming en om met derden en consulaire autoriteiten te communiceren tijdens de vrijheidsbeneming, Pb. EU 2013, L 294.
Met gemeen overleg der Staten-Generaal
Authors: van der Staaij C.G. , de Wildt W.M.J.
Published: December 2014

Met gemeen overleg der Staten-Generaal. Wetgeving als politiek instrument

Het ideaal van de parlementaire medebetrokkenheid bij wetgeving hangt samen met een oud calvinistisch principe: om tirannie te voorkomen moet de macht gedeeld worden tussen meer personen of instituties. Om die gezamenlijke verantwoordelijkheid te handhaven moet de regering ervoor waken te veel macht naar zich toe te halen via vergaande delegatiebepalingen. Ook is het belangrijk dat zorgvuldiger recht wordt gedaan aan adviezen van de Afdeling advisering van de Raad van State. En alertheid op vergaande Europese regelgeving is geboden. Terwijl de Eerste Kamer politieker is geworden, zou de Tweede Kamer duidelijke keuzes moeten maken over het niveau van regelgeving. Het is een teken van wetgevingsarmoede als er veelvuldig voorhangbepalingen worden geregeld. Wat meer juristen met hart voor wetgevingskwaliteit op de lijsten van politieke partijen zou per saldo wel eens meer effect kunnen hebben dan de zoveelste publicitair ingegeven mondelinge vraag of motie. In ‘gemeen overleg’ over wetgeving is politieke profilering zeker mogelijk.
200 jaar Staten-Generaal en zelfregulering: betrokkenheid op afstand
Authors: Hamer M.I. , Drahos M. , Thomassen I.
Published: December 2014

200 jaar Staten-Generaal en zelfregulering: betrokkenheid op afstand

De Staten-Generaal dragen via het controleren van de regering en door (mede)wetgeving bij aan het borgen van publieke belangen. Literatuur en praktijk laten echter zien dat publieke belangen onder voorwaarden ook effectief kunnen worden geborgd door zelfregulering. Dit artikel geeft een beschouwing op de gevolgen van zelfregulering voor het democratische gehalte van beleid, op vraagstukken rondom representativiteit bij zelfreguleringsinitiatieven en op kansen en risico’s betreffende de effectiviteit van borging van publieke belangen. Deze drie aspecten worden belicht vanuit de ervaringen met vier vormen van zelfregulering binnen de Sociaal-Economische Raad (SER).
Het venijn zit in de staart: staartteksten in opsommingsbepalingen
Authors: Borman T.C.
Published: December 2014

Het venijn zit in de staart: staartteksten in opsommingsbepalingen

Aan de hand van twee petites histoires uit de wetgevingspraktijk wordt stilgestaan bij het fenomeen ‘staartteksten’. Dat zijn slotzinsnedes die soms voorkomen in opsommingsbepalingen. De staarttekst is dan de slotzinsnede die betrekking heeft op de gehele voorafgaande tekst van een artikellid dat bestaat uit een aanhef met een opsomming. Aangetoond wordt dat het van groot belang is om een staarttekst vooraf te laten gaan door een ‘harde return’ (de Enter-toets op het toetsenbord). Alleen dan is duidelijk dat de staarttekst een los onderdeel is van de bepaling en wordt niet de indruk gewekt dat die tekst deel uitmaakt van het laatste onderdeel van de opsomming. Zo kan veel discussie en verwarring worden voorkomen. Maar nog beter is het om bij de compositie van wetteksten zo veel mogelijk de situatie te vermijden dat er na een onderdeelsgewijze opsomming nog een staarttekst moet volgen. Dan is immers zeker dat er op dat punt niets fout gaat.
Images of the Nation Foreseen: Ivan Meštrović's Vidovdan Temple and Primordial Yugoslavism
Authors: Ignjatović Aleksandar
Published: December 2014

This article is an interdisciplinary study of the Vidovdan Temple (c. 1906-13), a sculptural-architectural whole that was Ivan Meštrović's most controversial and most widely interpreted work. I analyze visual culture and intellectual history to show how this particular artwork became highly instrumental in creating and strengthening Yugoslavism's primordialist dimension, which sharply marked the South Slavic territories’ political landscape in the decade preceding the first Yugoslav state's creation. Not only did Meštrović's artwork epitomize the idea of a South Slavic primeval unity, dismissing the national distinctiveness of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, it also enunciated an emphatic message of South Slavic political unification. By analyzing the Vidovdan Temple's contemporaneous critical reception, I question its classical interpretation as a symbol of Yugoslav multicultural synthesis, arguing for a more contextsensitive and nuanced understanding of the ideology of Yugoslavism.
Problémy srovnávací pedagogiky jako předmětu vysokoškolské výuky ve světě a v českém prostředí
Authors: Walterová Eliška
Published: December 2014

Studie se zabývá srovnávací pedagogikou jako předmětem vysokoškolské výuky. Záměrem je otevřít otázky, které dosud nebyly v českém prostředí diskutovány. Hlavním cílem je zmapovat současný stav a identifikovat problémy výuky srovnávací pedagogiky na českých vysokých školách na základě výsledků empirického šetření provedeného mezi vyučujícími tohoto předmětu. V první části textu jsou reflektovány trendy ve výuce srovnávací pedagogiky na univerzitách ve světě s odkazy na mezinárodní publikace a projekty. Druhá část je věnována problémům výuky srovnávací pedagogiky v českém prostředí. Nejprve poskytuje stručný vhled do specifik domácího kontextu. Následuje prezentace výsledků empirického šetření, které mapuje současný stav výuky srovnávací pedagogiky na českých univerzitách. V centru pozornosti je postup realizovaného dotazníkového šetření, konstrukce dotazníku a výzkumná zjištění. Ta se vztahují ke koncepci a obsahu předmětu srovnávací pedagogika a podmínkám její výuky. V závěru studie upozorňuje na nevyužité potenciality, formuluje výzvy k diskusi a dalšímu zkoumání výuky srovnávací pedagogiky.
Développement et mise à l’essai d’un outil pour analyser le degré de complexité des albums jeunesse
Authors: Turgeon Élaine , Noël-Gaudreault Monique
Published: December 2014

Afin d’aider les enseignants du primaire à juger du degré de complexité des oeuvres proposées aux jeunes lecteurs, cet article présente les résultats partiels d’une recherche qui visait à développer un outil d’analyse des albums jeunesse et à le mettre à l’essai. Le recours à des experts et la méthode de l’accord interjuges ont permis d’évaluer la validité et la fidélité de l’outil d’analyse et d’en produire quatre versions. Bien que la mise à l’essai ne permette pas de conclure de façon totalement satisfaisante à propos de la fidélité de l’outil développé, il appert que l’outil d’analyse présente un très haut degré de validité, selon l’évaluation des experts. Par ailleurs, la recherche fournit des pistes pour le développement et la mise à l’essai d’un objet afin d’en évaluer rigoureusement la validité et la fidélité.
Conceptions et postures des enseignants du primaire à propos de l’intelligence
Authors: Issaieva Élisabeth , Crahay Marcel
Published: December 2014

L’importance des conceptions de l’intelligence des enseignants est souvent évoquée dans les écrits de recherche mais peu explorée de manière empirique. En s’inspirant de différents courants qui abordent la question de l’intelligence et de son développement, cette recherche se propose d’investiguer les conceptions des enseignants du primaire avec l’aide d’un questionnaire et selon deux problématiques complémentaires : d’abord, en s’intéressant à la structuration de leurs conceptions et en recourant à des analyses factorielles (exploratoires et confirmatoires), et ensuite en examinant le positionnement qu’ils adoptent face aux conceptions ainsi identifiées, en réalisant des analyses typologiques. Les résultats montrent que les enseignants conçoivent l’intelligence selon cinq dimensions distinctes, mais qu’ils sont enclins à les combiner pour les intégrer dans leur posture personnelle. L’intérêt de ces résultats est discuté en fin d’article, ainsi que l’utilité du questionnaire élaboré en vue d’appréhender les conceptions de l’intelligence des enseignants.
Post-glacial diatom-inferred aquatic changes in Sicamous Creek Lake, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Voit Andrea C. , Hebda Richard J. , Racca Julien M.J. , Pienitz Reinhard , Walker Ian R. , Raeder Uta , Heinrichs Markus L.
Published: December 2014

Diatom analyses of sediments from a high elevation lake situated in an Engelmann Spruce - Subalpine Fir (ESSF) forest of south-central British Columbia, Canada, reveal long-term climate and water chemistry change. During the transition from the late-glacial / Pleistocene to the xerothermic early Holocene, small, benthic Fragilaria diatoms species that grew under low light conditions in Sicamous Creek Lake gave way to planktonic Cyclotella species that require open-water conditions. Warm temperatures in the mesothermic Holocene are indicated by smaller Cyclotella species and large, benthic pennate diatoms. Diatom communities reflected Neoglacial cooling in the late Holocene, with abundant Nitzschia fonticola and Achnanthes minutissima. Small, benthic Fragilaria regained abundance, suggesting cooling and conditions similar to the late-glacial interval. Diatom community composition responded to the deposition of the Mt. Mazama and Mt. St. Helens tephras, though the Mazama eruption caused greater change in relative abundance of various taxa within the assemblage. Correspondence analysis shows distinct communities have occurred since the initiation of sedimentation, likely due to climate controlled landscape and vegetation changes; diatom-inferred pH values using various models and training sets show limited acidification change occurred through the lake’s history.
Traitement des eaux de consommation par filtration lente sur sable à plusieurs étapes
Authors: Disa-Disa Pascal , Culot Marc , Lobo Joseph , Kalala Ignace , Kawita Christophe , Ekoko Gracien , Mulaji Crispin
Published: December 2014

La possibilité d’éliminer la turbidité et les coliformes, en utilisant un système de filtration lente sur sable à plusieurs étapes, a été étudiée à l’échelle du laboratoire. Le but de l’étude était de montrer que cette technologie constitue une solution de traitement efficace de l’eau en milieu rural et dans de petites agglomérations des pays en voie de développement. Dans cette étude, un système a été monté et testé. Ce système était constitué de deux filtres lents à sable en série, lesquels sont précédés de deux filtres à granulométrie grossière à flux ascendant. L’efficacité de cette technologie a été évaluée par la mesure de la turbidité et le dénombrement des coliformes totaux et thermotolérants. Les résultats obtenus ont montré : (i) d’excellents abattements de la turbidité malgré le niveau élevé de celle de l’eau brute (de 20 unités de turbidité néphélométrique (NTU) à plus de 100 NTU); (ii) une bonne élimination des coliformes, en fonction de la maturité biologique des filtres utilisés; (iii) de plus, il a été constaté que la turbidité de l’effluent à la sortie du second filtre lent à sable était largement en dessous de la norme de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) concernant l’eau potable.

Globalement, chaque étape individuelle du système de filtration à plusieurs étapes joue un rôle important dans le processus global de réduction de la turbidité, ainsi que du nombre de coliformes. Il a été remarqué que le filtre à granulométrie grossière, en plus de son rôle protecteur de filtre lent à sable contre les matières en suspension, constitue aussi une barrière importante de traitement dans la diminution du nombre de coliformes. L’addition d’un second filtre lent à sable en série a apporté une efficacité supplémentaire au processus de traitement, en ramenant la turbidité d’effluent proche de 1  NTU et en permettant d’obtenir des abattements additionnels de coliformes.
CONCEITO DE TRANSFERÊNCIA E CONTRATRANSFERÊNCIA: UMA REVISÃO CRÍTICA SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Da Silva Molina Rafael , Beatriz Fabriani Carmen
Published: December 2014

Esta revisão crítica dos conceitos de transferência e contratransferência, referenciados na perspectiva da teoria e técnica psicanalítica, segue a metodologia proposta pelo Instituto Cochrane para revisão sistemática, buscando colaborar com os demais pesquisadores na área, além de proceder ao levantamento dos artigos, categorizá-los por escola e pela natureza da discussão dos conceitos. O período de 2000 a 2010 foi revisado em base eletrônica de dados contidos na página da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), disponibilizado pelo Ministério da Educação, Índex Psi Periódicos. Apresenta-se uma abordagem, argumenta-se sobre os conceitos e conclui-se que estes fenômenos psíquicos são polissêmicos.
“NÃO SOMOS RACISTAS”: UMA CONTRARREAÇÃO CALCADA EM “A NEGATIVA” FREUDIANA
Authors: Leal de Barros Mariana
Published: December 2014

O título da obra Não somos racistas, de autoria do jornalista Ali Kamel, é o subsídio eleito para discutir o texto “A negativa” (1925), no qual Freud sintetiza grande parte de sua obra a respeito do enunciado efetivamente dito e ouvido pelo inconsciente. Argumentando que a negativa pode ser compreendida por “isto é algo que eu preferiria reprimir”, Freud nos convida a descartar o “não” do dito. Neste sentido, este artigo se propõe a discutir o texto freudiano para refletir a respeito do título mencionado, que, não obstante pertença a um autor específico, é emblemático de uma voz um tanto quanto coletiva. Vemos que aquele que tem culpa, nega e se justifica, se “des-culpa”, prestando-se, inclusive, a elaborar uma tese que o exime da responsabilidade do feito. A análise se articula também com a perspectiva lacaniana, mas se baseia, sobretudo, no texto freudiano “A negativa”, para refletir sobre a capacidade do sujeito de assimilar ou expulsar o insuportável e a sua reação diante do “estranho”.
APEGO E ADOLESCÊNCIA INSTITUCIONALIZADA: ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Cerutti Martellet Eloísa , Cardoso Siqueira Aline
Published: December 2014

O desenvolvimento do apego em adolescentes em acolhimento institucional pode ser influenciado pelas rupturas de vínculo e vivência de diversos tipos de violência na infância. Apesar do reconhecido impacto que tais experiências trazem para as relações interpessoais, poucos estudos sobre apego na adolescência têm sido conduzidos. A maior parte das pesquisas possui o enfoque na infância, mesmo havendo muitos adolescentes em situação de acolhimento. Tendo como base a Teoria do Apego e a Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano, o objetivo desse estudo foi compreender o processo de desenvolvimento do apego de uma adolescente em acolhimento institucional. A pesquisa possui caráter qualitativo, cujo delineamento foi o estudo de caso único, tendo como participante uma adolescente de 14 anos que viveu numerosas rupturas de vínculo na infância. Os dados foram obtidos através da triangulação das informações coletadas em entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com a adolescente, com uma familiar desta adolescente e com a psicóloga da instituição de acolhimento, como também da inserção ecológica. Evidências de que a adolescente possui o padrão de apego inseguro resistente desde a infância foram encontradas, corroborando a tendência de que há uma estabilidade no padrão de apego desenvolvido na infância. Contudo, os dados também apontaram que mudanças estão ocorrendo na adolescente a partir dos investimentos que o microssistema institucional vem operando, promovendo processos proximais e a possibilidade de alteração do padrão de apego no desenvolvimento na infância. Torna-se importante qualificar ainda mais o ambiente institucional, capacitando os educadores no que diz respeito a seu papel fundamental na relação com os adolescentes acolhidos.
Antiretroviral treatment outcome in HIV‐1‐infected patients routinely followed up in capital cities and remote areas of Senegal, Mali and Guinea‐Conakry
Authors: Diouara Abou Abdallah Malick , Ndiaye Halimatou Diop , Guindo Ibrehima , Bangoura Nestor , Cissé Mohamed , Edmond Tchiakpe , Bougoudogo Flabou , Mboup Souleymame , Peeters Martine , Ayouba Ahidjo , Kane Ndèye Coumba Touré
Published: December 2014

Introduction

Access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) becomes more and more effective in resource‐limited settings (RLS). However, this global effort would be even more profitable if the access to laboratory services especially in decentralized settings was strengthened. We report the virological outcome and HIV‐1 drug resistance in three West African countries using dried blood spots (DBS) samples.

Methods

We included HIV‐1‐infected adults on ART ≥6 months and followed up in capital cities and decentralized sites in Senegal, Mali and Guinea‐Conakry. Patients were consecutively enrolled and DBS were collected in field conditions and kept at ambient temperature before transfer to the reference laboratory. Viral load (VL) was quantified using the NucliSENS EasyQ HIV‐1 v1.2. Genotyping of HIV‐1 pol gene was performed using in‐house protocol.

Results

Of the 407 participants, 119, 152 and 136 were from Senegal, Mali and Guinea‐Conakry, respectively. The median treatment duration was 36 months [IQR: 6–136]. Virological failure (VF) (VL≥3log10 copies/mL) was observed in 26% (95% confidence interval (CI), 18–35; n=31), 11% (95% CI, 6–17; n=16) and 24% (95% CI, 17–32; n=33) of patients in Senegal, Mali and Guinea‐Conakry, respectively (p=0.001). Of samples presenting VL≥3log10 copies/mL (n=80), 70 were successfully genotyped. At least one drug resistance mutation (DRM) was detected in the following proportions: 70% (95% CI, 50–86; n=19), 93% (95% CI, 68–100; n=14) and 68% (95% CI, 48–84; n=19) in Senegal, Mali and Guinea‐Conakry, respectively (p=0.22). Twenty‐six per cent (26%; 95% CI, 16–38; n=18) of patients in VF harboured wild‐type viruses, which is likely indicative of weak adherence. Phylogenetic analysis showed the predominance of CRF02_AG subtype (73%; 95% CI, 61–83; n=51).

Conclusions

We describe the ART outcome in capital and rural settings of Senegal, Mali and Guinea‐Conakry. Our results in all of the three countries highlight the need to reinforce the ART adherence in order to minimize the occurrence of drug resistance. In addition, these findings provide additional evidence that the use of DBS as a sampling support could assist virological monitoring of patients on ART in remote areas.
Relating Systems Thinking and Design I. Practical Advances in Systemic Design
Authors: Sevaldson Birger , Ryan Alex J.
Published: December 2014

This issue, Relating Systems Thinking and Design I – Practical Advances in Systemic Design, along with Issue 7:4, Relating Systems Thinking II – Theoretical Evolution in Systemic Design, together form a double special issue of FORMakademisk on the theory and practice of Systemic Design.
Systemic Government and the Civil Servant. A New Pattern for Systemic Design
Authors: Veale Jonathan A
Published: December 2014

This article examines the emerging application of systemic design methodology within government as practiced by the Alberta Public Service in Edmonton, Canada. A case study, from a practitioner’s perspective, for systemic policy design is presented as an innovation facing approach useful for cultural change and decision-support.  Lessons about applying systemic design within government and essential capabilities and qualities of practitioners are outlined. For some systemic designers, government might be the best place to effect systemic change especially those particularly concerned about advancing stewardship and innovation within the culture of government. This article is useful to public sector practitioners interested in applying systemic methodology to complex and long-term policy predicaments.
From Product to Service Design: A Thinking Paradigm Shift
Authors: Rodriguez Liliana , Peralta Carlos
Published: December 2014

Society, industry and the economy are all experiencing changes caused by a shift from products to services. While a “problem-solving” approach is commonly used for the development of products, new design approaches are needed as the primary unit of exchange moves from goods to services.  This research argues that a fundamental transformation in the design world is taking place, manifested in a thinking paradigm shift from problem solving (designing products) towards systems thinking (designing services). This paper draws on design literature to identify concepts of systems thinking and problem solving to help understand core elements in the shift from product to service design. It also reports on a series of semi-structured interviews with designers working in five design consultancies that have moved from product design to services design. The results show a change in the way designers think and approach projects when facing the challenges of designing services, confirming a movement from problem solving to systems thinking. However, systems thinking is not replacing problem solving but complementing it. The results also indicate that the growing complexity of the issues designers deal with influences the adoption of systems thinking in responding to service design challenges, as well as current changes in people’s ideas about sustainability and  society.
Narrative methods in the nursery: (re)- considering claims to give voice through processes of decision-making.
Authors: Osgood Jayne
Published: December 2014

From a feminist post-structuralist position I recount and reflect upon using narrative methods in a recent study with a sample of nursery workers in London. Firstly, I offer a critical reflection of feminist concerns to undertake research in emancipatory and recipricol ways. The decision-making that took place at various stages of the study is explored to consider the tensions and ambiguities that come to characterise feminist post-structuralist approaches to narrative research. The paper concludes by arguing that there is still an important need to hear the stories of marginalised groups. However, to overcome concerns that ‘giving voice’ is unethical, arrogant, and partial then heightened transparency about decision- making and representation is vital.
Nomadic Research Practices in Early Childhood: Interrupting Racisms and Colonialisms
Authors: Pacini-Ketchabaw Veronica , Nxumalo Fikile , Rowan Carol
Published: December 2014

This paper considers how research practices on racialization in early childhood education might be reconceptualized when racialization is placed within relational intricacies and affects in multiple encounters. By foregrounding race and its emergence in multifarious, unpredictable ways in everyday encounters between human and non-human bodies, space, and discourse, the paper investigates how a movement toward research analyses that engage with both the materiality of race and its systemic and discursive formations might be used to constantly seek new ethical ways of responding to and acting against racisms and colonialism in early childhood.
Second order pedagogy as an example of second order cybernetics
Authors: Reinertsen Anne B.
Published: December 2014

This article is about seeing/creating/trying out an idea of pedagogy and pedagogical/ educational research in/as/with self-reflexive, circular and diffractive perspectives and about using second order cybernetics as thinking tool. It is a move away from traditional hypothesis driven activities and a move towards data driven pedagogies and research: Teachers, teacher researchers and researchers simultaneously producing and theorizing our practices and ourselves. Deleuzian becomings- eventually becomings with data - theory - theodata is pivotal. It is a move towards a Derridean bricolage. A different science of pedagogy operating as a circular science of self-reflexivity and diffraction in search of quality again and again and again: Theopractical becomings and inspiractionresearch.
Seven new records of mosses in Iran
Authors: Shirzadian Saeed , Darzikolaei Samaneh Akhoondi , Uniyal Prem Lal
Published: December 2014

Based on the survey of bryophytes in W Azerbaijan, Mazandaran and Yazd provinces of Iran, seven species of mosses namely, Bryum algovicum, B. creberrimum, B. klinggraeffi, and B. mildeanum (Bryaceae), Grimmia plagiopodia (Grimmiaceae), Orthotrichum rivulare (Orthotrichaceae), Didymodon sinuosus (Pottiaceae) are found as new records for the Iranian bryoflora.
Unlocking collections: New records of Lepidoziaceae (Marchantiophyta) for the islands of Fiji
Authors: Von Konrat Matt , Engel John , Katafono Mereia , Söderström Lars , Cooper Endymion , DeLavoi Charles , Hagborg Anders , Renner Matt , Briscoe Laura , Pócs Tamás , Braggins John , Tuiwawa Senilolia , Naikatini Alifereti , Tuiwawa Marika
Published: December 2014

It is clearly evident that the bryophyte flora of the islands of Fiji remains inadequately documented. Here, five liverwort species of Lepidoziaceae are reported as new to the Republic of Fiji: Lepidozia haskarliana, Neolepidozia cuneifolia, N. wallichiana, Telaranea major and Tricholepidozia melanesica.
Exploring the Germline Genetics of In Situ and Invasive Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Ingold Nathan , Seviiri Mathias , Ong Jue Sheng , Neale Rachel E. , Pandeya Nirmala , Whiteman David C. , Olsen Catherine M. , Martin Nicholas G. , Duffy David L. , Khosrotehrani Kiarash , Hayward Nicholas , Montgomery Grant W. , MacGregor Stuart , Law Matthew H.
Published: August 2024

Importance

It is unknown whether germline genetic factors influence in situ melanoma risk differently than invasive melanoma risk.

Objective

To determine whether differences in risk of in situ melanoma and invasive melanoma are heritable.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Three genome-wide association study meta-analyses were conducted of in situ melanoma vs controls, invasive melanoma vs controls, and in situ vs invasive melanoma (case-case) using 4 population-based genetic cohorts: the UK Biobank, the FinnGen cohort, the QSkin Sun and Health Study, and the Queensland Study of Melanoma: Environmental and Genetic Associations (Q-MEGA). Melanoma status was determined using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes from cancer registry data. Data were collected from 1987 to 2022, and data were analyzed from September 2022 to June 2023.

Exposure

In situ and invasive cutaneous melanoma.

Main Outcomes and Measures

To test whether in situ and invasive melanoma have independent heritable components, genetic effect estimates were calculated for single-nucleotide variants (SNV; formerly single-nucleotide polymorphisms) throughout the genome for each melanoma. Then, SNV-based heritability was estimated, the genetic correlation between melanoma subtypes was assessed, and polygenic risk scores (PRS) were generated for in situ vs invasive status in Q-MEGA participants.

Results

A total of 6 genome-wide significant loci associated with in situ melanoma and 18 loci with invasive melanoma were identified. A strong genetic correlation (genetic r = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.76-1.15) was observed between the 2 classifications. Notably, loci near IRF4, KLF4, and HULC had significantly larger effects for in situ melanoma compared with invasive melanoma, while MC1R had a significantly larger effect on invasive melanoma compared with in situ melanoma. Heritability estimates were consistent for both, with in situ melanoma heritability of 6.7% (95% CI, 4.1-9.3) and invasive melanoma heritability of 4.9% (95% CI, 2.8-7.2). Finally, a PRS, derived from comparing invasive melanoma with in situ melanoma genetic risk, was on average significantly higher in participants with invasive melanoma (odds ratio per 1-SD increase in PRS, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.16-1.77).

Conclusions and Relevance

There is much shared genetic architecture between in situ melanoma and invasive melanoma. Despite indistinguishable heritability estimates between the melanoma classifications, PRS suggest germline genetics may influence whether a person gets in situ melanoma or invasive melanoma. PRS could potentially help stratify populations based on invasive melanoma risk, informing future screening programs without exacerbating the current burden of melanoma overdiagnosis.
Umbilical Cord pH Levels and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Andersson Charlotte Brix , Klingenberg Claus , Thellesen Line , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Kesmodel Ulrik Schiøler , Petersen Jesper Padkaer
Published: August 2024

Importance

Umbilical cord pH (UC-pH) level is an important objective indicator of intrapartum fetal hypoxia and is used to predict neonatal morbidity and mortality. A UC-pH value of less than 7.00 is often defined as a threshold for severe acidosis, but existing evidence is divergent and largely based on UC-pH measurements from selected populations; consequently, the results are challenging to interpret.

Objective

To investigate the association between UC-pH levels and the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes in a national setting with universal UC-pH measurement.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This national, population-based cohort study included all liveborn, singleton, full-term infants without malformations born in Denmark from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2018. Data were analyzed from January 1, 2023, to March 1, 2024.

Exposure

Umbilical cord pH level categorized as less than 7.00, 7.00 to 7.09, 7.10 to 7.19 and 7.20 to 7.50 (reference group).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was a composite of severe adverse neonatal outcomes: neonatal death, therapeutic hypothermia, mechanical ventilation, treatment with inhaled nitric oxide, or seizures. Secondary outcomes were individual components of the primary outcome, Apgar score, respiratory outcomes, and hypoglycemia. Data are presented as adjusted risk ratios (ARRs) with 95% CIs.

Results

Among the 340 431 infants included, mean (SD) gestational age was 39.9 (1.6) weeks; mean (SD) birth weight was 3561 (480) g; and 51.3% were male. Umbilical cord pH of less than 7.20 was observed more often among infants with a gestational age of 40 or 41 weeks (31.6%-33.6% compared with 18.2%-20.2% at a gestational age of 39 weeks) and among male infants (53.9%-55.4% vs 44.6%-46.1% among female infants). Compared with the pH reference group (576 of 253 540 [0.2%]), the risk for the primary outcome was increased for the groups with UC-pH levels of less than 7.00 (171 of 1743 [9.8%]), 7.00 to 7.09 (101 of 11 904 [0.8%]), and 7.10 to 7.19 (259 of 73 244 [0.4%]). Comparable patterns were observed for the individual outcomes, except for neonatal death, which was only increased in the group with UC-pH levels of less than 7.10. The risk of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure was increased when UC-pH levels were less than 7.20, and the risk of hypoglycemia was 21.5% if UC-pH levels were less than 7.10.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of 340 431 newborn infants, results support and extend previous studies indicating a higher risk of adverse outcomes even at UC-pH levels above 7.00. The threshold for more intensive observation and treatment may be reconsidered.
Hyperalgesia in Patients With a History of Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Trøstheim Martin , Eikemo Marie
Published: August 2024

Importance

Short-term and long-term opioid treatment have been associated with increased pain sensitivity (ie, opioid-induced hyperalgesia). Treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) mainly involves maintenance with methadone and buprenorphine, and observations of heightened cold pain sensitivity among patients are often considered evidence of opioid-induced hyperalgesia.

Objective

To critically examine the evidence that hyperalgesia in patients with OUD is related to opioid use.

Data Sources

Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase between March 1, 2023, and April 12, 2024, were searched.

Study Selection

Studies assessing cold pressor test (CPT) pain responses during treatment seeking, pharmacological treatment, or abstinence in patients with OUD history were included.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Multilevel random-effects models with robust variance estimation were used for all analyses. Study quality was rated with the JBI checklist. Funnel plots and Egger regression tests were used to assess reporting bias.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Main outcomes were pain threshold, tolerance, and intensity in patients and healthy controls, and unstandardized, standardized (Hedges g), and percentage differences (%Δ) in these measures between patients and controls. The association between pain sensitivity and opioid tolerance, withdrawal, and abstinence indices was tested with meta-regression.

Results

Thirty-nine studies (1385 patients, 741 controls) met the inclusion criteria. Most studies reported CPT data on patients undergoing opioid agonist treatment. These patients had a mean 2- to 3-seconds lower pain threshold (95% CI, −4 to −1; t test P = .01; %Δ, −22%; g = −0.5) and 29-seconds lower pain tolerance (95% CI, −39 to −18; t test P < .001; %Δ, −52%; g = −0.9) than controls. Egger tests suggested that these differences may be overestimated. There were some concerns of bias due to inadequate sample matching and participant dropout. Meta-regressions yielded no clear support for hyperalgesia being opioid related.

Conclusion and Relevance

Patients receiving opioid agonist treatment for OUD are hypersensitive to cold pain. It remains unclear whether hyperalgesia develops prior to, independent of, or as a result of long-term opioid treatment. Regardless, future studies should investigate the impact of hyperalgesia on patients’ well-being and treatment outcomes.
An Emerging Racial Disparity in US Motor Vehicle Fatalities
Authors: Massenkoff Maxim , Chalfin Aaron , Sarma Aartik
Published: August 2024

This cohort study examines an increase in motor vehicle fatality rates for Black individuals in the US beginning in 2014 compared with White individuals.
Expert consensus on quality control indicators for integrative medicine in ankylosing spondylitis (2023 version)
Authors: Tao Qingwen , Zhang Liubo , Yan Zeran , Kong Weiping , Xu Yuan , Zhang Nan
Published: August 2024

The integrated treatment with Chinese and Western medicine plays an important role in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), which can significantly relieve the patient's symptoms and improve quality of life. However, as a result of the lack of standardization of clinical management in some regions, the quality of AS treatment in China remains unoptimistic. In 2021, initiated by the Center for Integrative Medicine of China‐Japan Friendship Hospital, led by the traditional Chinese medicine department of rheumatology of China‐Japan Friendship Hospital, relying on the rheumatology branch of the Beijing Association of the integrating of traditional and Western medicine, and using the Delphi method, an expert consensus on “Quality Control Indicators for Integrative Medicine in Ankylosing Spondylitis” was established (Beijing Association of the Integrating of Traditional and Western Medicine Standardization Expert Consensus Filing Number: 2021Z031A2). The consensus revision updates the 2021 version by adding four items, which will provide a reference for the quality control of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for AS in China and help improve the current diagnosis and treatment status of AS.
Electrical Performance Enhancement of 400 V Level Aluminum Solid Electrolytic Capacitors with Interface Modulation through Intervention of PVA
Authors: Liu Shiheng , An Jingyi , Li Yizhuo , Zhao Jiping , Qian Peng , Jing Junfeng , Xu Youlong
Published: August 2024

Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), a conductive polymer dispersion, is widely used in cathodes of solid electrolytic capacitors. However, it still suffers from performance limitations when used at high frequencies, and its withstand voltage must be improved. Herein, impregnation drying introduces a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating onto alumina, which regulates the interface between the PEDOT:PSS cathode and alumina. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the capacitor is significantly reduced, whereas the withstand voltage is slightly improved. This study demonstrates that the presence of PVA enhances the wettability of PEDOT:PSS dispersions on alumina surfaces. Changes in the infrared peak positions of the OH and SO3H groups following the mixing of the PVA and PEDOT:PSS films, along with alterations in the thermal decomposition temperature, indicate the occurrence of crosslinking. Theoretical calculations demonstrate the presence of hydrogen bonds between the OH groups in PVA and the SO3H groups of PEDOT:PSS. Interface modulation effectively improves capacitor performance, as the capacitance ratio of capacitors with 400 V level withstand voltages increases from 97.35% to 98.85%, and the ESR at 100 kHz is significantly reduced by ≈40%. This study provides a valuable reference for the preparation of high‐performance solid electrolytic capacitors.
Bioinspired Nanocomposite Dry Adhesives Applicable Over a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Li Shuai , Li Xiangmeng , Tian Hongmiao , Wang Chunhui , Zhu Xijing , Shao Jinyou
Published: August 2024

Bioinspired structural adhesives have shown great potential in the field of industrial manipulation and locomotion. However, such adhesives usually perform great adhesion performance at room temperature, reliable adhesion under high‐temperature conditions remains a major challenge and is rarely investigated, which severely limits the applications of current bioinspired adhesives. Here, a bioinspired adhesive structure based on fluororubber (FKM) and nanofillers is proposed. The adhesive structure has a “suction cup‐shaped” tip that mimics the special structural configuration of the adhesive setae of Dytiscus lapponicus, and the ability to regulate the structural modulus by adjusting the content of nanofillers, as well as exhibiting strong and contamination‐free adhesion (>350 kPa) with high adhesive efficiency (up to 77.7) in a wide temperature range (from room temperature to high temperatures (>200 °C)). Moreover, the adhesion performance can be enhanced by precisely regulating the structural modulus, and the enhancement mechanism is demonstrated based on the cohesive zone theory. The proposed adhesion strategy expands the application areas of dry adhesives from room‐ to high‐temperature conditions, especially for the pick‐up and transfer of thin and fragile materials that require high‐temperature operation, opening an avenue for the development of devices and systems based on dry adhesives.