bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A CRISPR screen in intestinal epithelial cells identifies novel factors for polarity and apical transport
Authors: Klee Katharina MC , Hess Michael W , Lohmüller Michael , Herzog Sebastian , Pfaller Kristian , Müller Thomas , Vogel Georg F , Huber Lukas A
Published: January 2023

Epithelial polarization and polarized cargo transport are highly coordinated and interdependent processes. In our search for novel regulators of epithelial polarization and protein secretion, we used a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen and combined it with an assay based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to measure the secretion of the apical brush-border hydrolase dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). In this way, we performed the first CRISPR screen to date in human polarized epithelial cells. Using high-resolution microscopy, we detected polarization defects and mislocalization of DPP4 to late endosomes/lysosomes after knockout of TM9SF4, anoctamin 8, and ARHGAP33, confirming the identification of novel factors for epithelial polarization and apical cargo secretion. Thus, we provide a powerful tool suitable for studying polarization and cargo secretion in epithelial cells. In addition, we provide a dataset that serves as a resource for the study of novel mechanisms for epithelial polarization and polarized transport and facilitates the investigation of novel congenital diseases associated with these processes.
Analysis of the mixed teaching of college physical education based on the health big data and blockchain technology
Authors: Liu Shaoqing , Li Cun
Published: January 2023

In the era of health big data, with the continuous development of information technology, students’ physical health management also relies more on various information technologies. Blockchain, as an emerging technology in recent years, has the characteristics of high efficiency and intelligence. College physical education is an important part of college students’ health big data. Unlike cultural classes, physical education with its rich movements and activities, leaves teachers no time to monitor students’ real classroom performance. Therefore, we propose a human pose estimation method based on cross-attention-based Transformer multi-scale representation learning to monitor students’ class concentration. Firstly, the feature maps with different resolution are obtained by deep convolutional network and these feature maps are transformed into multi-scale visual markers. Secondly, we propose a cross-attention module with the multi-scales. The module reduces the redundancy of key point markers and the number of cross fusion operations through multiple interactions between feature markers with different resolutions and the strategy of moving key points for key point markers. Finally, the cross-attention fusion module extracts feature information of different scales from feature tags to form key tags. We can confirm the performance of the cross-attention module and the fusion module by the experimental results conducting on MSCOCO datasets, which can effectively promote the Transformer encoder to learn the association relationship between key points. Compared with the completive TokenPose method, our method can reduce the computational cost by 11.8% without reducing the performance.
No changes in the abundance of selected fecal bacteria during increased carbohydrates consumption period associated with the racing season in amateur road cyclists
Authors: Wiącek Jakub , Szurkowska Joanna , Kryściak Jakub , Galecka Miroslawa , Karolkiewicz Joanna
Published: January 2023

Background

Cyclists often use high-carbohydrate, low-fiber diets to optimize the glycogen stores and to avoid the gastrointestinal distress during both, the trainings and the competitions. The impact of such dietary changes on gut microbiota is not fully known.

Methods

We assessed the abundances of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium spp., and Bacteroides spp. and the fecal pH in 14 amateur cyclists during the racing season. Eleven healthy men formed the control group.

Results

Despite significant differences in the diet composition and physical endurance levels of amateur cyclists before the competition season (1st term) and control group (carbohydrates: 52.2% ± 4.9% vs 41.9% ± 6.6%; VO2max: 56.1 ± 6.0 vs 39.7 ± 7.7; p < 0.01; respectively), we did not observe any significant differences in studied gut bacteria abundances or fecal pH between the groups. Although the cyclists’ carbohydrates consumption (2nd term) have increased throughout the season (4.48 g/kg b.w. ± 1.56 vs 5.18 g/kg b.w. ± 1.99; p < 0.05), the studied gut bacteria counts and fecal pH remained unchanged. It seems that the amateur cyclists’ diet with increased carbohydrates intake does not alter the gut microbiota, but further research is needed to assess the potential impact of even higher carbohydrates consumption (over 6 g/kg b.w.).
Hygiene practices and factors influencing intestinal parasites among food handlers in the province of Belgarn, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqarni Abdulrahman S. , Wakid Majed H. , Gattan Hattan S.
Published: January 2023

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the association between socio-demographic status, and hygienic habits among food handlers with intestinal parasitic infections.

Methods

It was a cross-sectional study in which 112 participants were recruited, from Belgarn province of Saudi Arabia. The descriptive analysis was used to evaluate demographic data and categorical variables. The association between sociodemographic characteristics and Relative Risk regression analysis was performed for each investigated factor. p-value of <0.05, was assumed to be statistically significant.

Results

One hundred and twelve food handlers with a mean age of 33.5 ± 9.2 years were included in this study. The food handlers were from 15 different countries (11 Asians and four Africans). The majority of the food handlers were cooks (87, 77.7%), and waiters and dish washers (24, 21.4%). Among them, 106 (94.6%) used uniforms, and gloves at work. In hand washing practices, 104 (92.9%) wash their hands with soap before handling and preparing food and eight (7.1%) wash without soap, 98 (87.5%) wash with soap before meals and 14 (12.5%) wash without soap, 105 (93.8%) wash with soap after visiting toilets and seven (6.2%) wash without soap. Twenty-five (42.3%) of infected food handlers are not used to trim their fingernails. Intestinal infection was observed in 59 (52.68%) participants with mean age (32.5 ± 8.1 years) for infected participants.

Conclusion

In this study, food handlers had a high prevalence of intestinal parasites. Although some of the food handlers had a high level of education, the infection with intestinal parasites was detected. In addition to regular screening for intestinal parasites among food handlers, there is a need for educational programs on proper hygiene habits, modes of transmission and prevention of the infection.
Almost nothing is known about the tiger shark in South Atlantic waters
Authors: Balanin Samuel , Hauser-Davis Rachel Ann , Giareta Eloísa , Charvet Patricia , Wosnick Natascha
Published: January 2023

The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) has been relatively well assessed concerning biology and ecology aspects in both Atlantic and Pacific North America and in Caribbean waters. The amount of data in these regions has led to the species protection under capture quotas and with the creation of sanctuaries. The reality in developing countries, however, is the exact opposite, with scarce information on the species in the southern hemisphere, namely South American and African waters. In these regions, protection measures are insufficient, and studies on tiger shark biology and ecology are scarce, significantly hindering conservation and management efforts. Thus, the aim of this study was to compile scientific literature on the tiger shark in the South Atlantic and discuss the impact of these data (or lack thereof) distributed within a total of ten research categories for guiding management plans. In total, 41 scientific publications on different G. cuvier biology and ecology aspects were obtained. The most studied topics were Feeding Ecology (n = 12), followed by Human Interactions (n = 8), and Movements and Migration (n = 7). Northeastern Brazil (Southwest Atlantic) was the most researched area, probably due to the higher coastal abundance of tiger sharks in this area, alongside a high number of recorded attacks, justifying funding for studies in the region. No studies carried out in other South American or African countries were found. It is important to mention that even though some research topics are relatively well covered, a severe knowledge gap is noted for risk assessments and fisheries management, with a proposition for the implementation of sanctuaries noted. This is, however, particularly worrisome, as the South Atlantic is mostly unexplored in this regard for tiger sharks. It is also important to note how different the attention given to this species is in the North Atlantic when compared to the South region. Lastly, we highlight that the existence of sub-populations, the lack of migratory corridors geographically connecting distinct areas used by the species, and the lack of fisheries statistics on tiger shark landings, all increase the vulnerability of this species in the South Atlantic.
As ações do conselho federal de contabilidade relacionadas às mudanças climaticas na visão de auditores brasileiros
Authors: Eggert Neusa Sawczuk Von , Dos Anjos Edenise Aparecida , Moura Ivanildo Viana , Panhoca Luiz
Published: January 2023

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar, por meio da teoria do papel, o auto entendimento de auditores acerca das questões climáticas no desenvolvimento da função relacionadas a clareza das ações do CFC. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturas. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a Saturação Teórica, sendo necessário aplicar dez entrevistas, até se atingir a saturação conforme preconizado pela literatura. Os resultados demonstram que embora o auditor consiga perceber a necessidade da questão das mudanças climáticas, esta não parece ser uma tarefa a lhe ser atribuída, gerando inicialmente um conflito de papéis. Ainda, não existe um acompanhamento específico por parte dos auditores sobre as ações climáticas do CFC, gerando ambiguidade de papéis ante as incertezas do momento, sendo as ações neste campo muito recentes. Apesar disso, todos estão muito atentos às normas que regem a sua profissão.
The mediating effect of intrapreneurship in the relationship between transformational leadership and individual performance: employee evidence from the portuguese technology sector
Authors: Silva Tiago Filipe Gomes da , Rua Orlando Manuel Martins Marques de Lima
Published: January 2023

The main purpose of this study is to analyse the mediating effect of intrapreneurship on the relationship between transformational leadership and the individual performance of the employee in Portuguese technology sector firms.A quantitative methodological approach was used with a survey of 148 employees. In the data analysis, the structural equation model was applied using partial least squares.The results show positive relationships between (1) transformational leadership, intrapreneurship and individual performance and (2) intrapreneurship and individual performance, in this specific context. Additionally, (3) the mediating effect of intrapreneurship on the relationship between transformational leadership and individual performance was confirmed.This paper fills a gap in the literature, i.e. while other studies establish direct relationships between transformational leadership, intrapreneurship and individual performance, this study analyses the mediating effect of intrapreneurship on the relationship between transformational leadership and individual performance. We recommend that future studies explore the relevance of digital services for the development of in the relationship between transformational leadership, intrapreneurship and individual performance.
Reflexões acerca das práticas de letramento em tempos de mídias digitais
Authors: Santos Adelcio Machado dos , Araldi Inês Staub
Published: January 2023

O estudo é uma pesquisa sobre conceitos fundamentais no processo ensino aprendizagem com a utilização das práticas de letramento em tempos de mídias digitais, e a sua relação com as habilidades a serem desenvolvida. As Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação, não surgiram em decorrência do setor educacional, são processos interdependentes e complementares quando o assunto é a linguagem contemporânea. As habilidades e competências requeridas são diferentes, quando o uso da linguagem se dava através da fala/escuta, leitura/escrita. O multiletramento trata além das linguagens e funcionalidades, na era digital a interação humana, experencia o reinado da imagem. Concluímos que as mudanças advindas do letramento digital e multiletramento, decorrentes do uso das tecnologias da informação que se fazem sentir ao longo do percurso. No que diz respeito ao ensinar e ao aprender, até o momento, convivemos com a coexistência de métodos e de meios.
Factors Influencing Pupil Transition from Primary to Secondary School In Hulugho Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Roble Kassim Osman , Maalim Adam , Muriithi Njoka
Published: January 2023

The study investigated factors influencing transition of pupils from primary to secondary schools in Hulugho sub-county in Kenya. The study, which used quantitative approach, adopted positivist paradigm and employed correlational research design. The target population was the six primary school principals, two secondary school principals, 39 primary school teachers, 17 secondary school teachers, 19 primary school PTA chairpersons, and four secondary school PTA chairpersons of schools in Hulugho Sub County. A sample population of 71 respondents was obtained using formula by Mugenda and Mugenda and selected using stratified proportionate sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides. Data from questionnaires was analysed using Pearson r while that from interview guide was analysed using verbatim. The study found that; teaching capacity has significant influence on pupil transition from primary to secondary school (p-value < 0.01; r = 0.551). support programs has a significant influence on pupil transition from primary to secondary school (p-value < 0.01; r = 0.656), physical facilities has significant influence on pupil transition from primary to secondary school (p-value < 0.01; r = 0..667) and family background has significant influence on pupil transition from primary to secondary school (p-value < 0.01; r = 0.613) on pupil transition from primary to secondary school, in Hulugho sub-county. The recommends that the primary schools in Hulugho sub-county should ensure that. they acquire and retain recommended teacher-student ratio; teachers are assigned manageable workload; they recruit and nurture highly qualified teachers, they have adequate support program structures, and sufficient school physical.
Multiple Cocoon Crops Module and its Impact on Stabilization of Autumn Crop under Subtropical Condition of North West India
Authors: Singh Sardar , Murali S.
Published: January 2023

The present study was conducted mainly to explore the possibility of multiple cocoon crops in North West India and expected that introduction of the additional crops in between spring and the autumn will force the pruning of mulberry trees before autumn crop hence, it will help in productivity improvement during the autumn crop. The field trial was conducted with 9 selected rearers sponsored by Department of Sericulture, J&K & Himachal Pradesh and laboratory rearing was conducted at RSRS. Jammu. Three crop rearing schedule was followed with an innovative approach for date of brushing, leaf harvesting, silkworm rearing & mounting of larvae. The outcome of the study leads to understanding that change in brushing dates, rearing with shortlisted silkworm hybrids and use of improved rearing & mounting techniques can improve the cocoon productivity/100 DFLs in one hand and introduction of Summer crop in between spring & autumn crop can also improve the cocoon yield during the autumn crop. Farmer’s level study revealed that an average yield recorded during spring crop of about 70.67 Kg & 60.33 Kg/100 DFLs in Jammu & HP whereas lab rearing at RSRS, Jammu recorded about 83.00 Kg/100 DFLs. During summer crop about 44.40 Kg & 35.35 Kg/100 DFLs in Jammu & HP and lab rearing at RSRS, Jammu recorded about 51.87 Kg/100 DFLs respectively. During autumn crop an average yield of about 40.80 Kg & 43.67 Kg/100 DFLs was recorded at Jammu & HP and lab rearing at RSRS, Jammu recorded about 44.75 Kg/100 DFLs. The impact of the introduction by summer crop revealed that per cent yield gain over traditional field rearing from experimental field trials about 67.14 (%) and 44.70 (%) yield gain records in the autumn season at Jammu division and Himachal Pradesh respectively.
Recent Developments in Enantioselective Domino Reactions. Part A: Noble Metal Catalysts
Authors: Pellissier Hélène
Published: January 2023

This review updates the field of enantioselective domino reactions promoted by chiral catalysts derived from noble metals, including palladium, silver, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and gold, published since the beginning of 2019. It illustrates how much a diversity of these catalysts allow unprecedented asymmetric domino reactions of many types to be achieved with excellent enantioselectivity, giving a direct access to a wide variety of complex chiral molecules.

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Recycling Microplastics to Fabricate Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: From Removal of Environmental Troubles via Electrocoagulation to Useful Resources
Authors: Lee Jinhee , Kim Yong‐Tae , Choi Jinsub
Published: January 2023

Electrocoagulation is an evolving technology for the abatement of a broad range of pollutants in wastewater owing to its flexibility, easy setup, and eco‐friendly nature. Here, environment‐friendly strategies for the separation, retreatment, and utilization of microplastics via electrocoagulation are investigated. The findings show that the flocs generated by forming Fe3O4 on the surface of polyethylene (PE) particles are easily separated using a magnetic force with high efficiency of 98.4%. In the photodegradation of the obtained flocs, it is confirmed that Fe3O4 shall be removed for the efficient generation of free radicals, leading to the highly efficient photolysis of PE. The removed Fe3O4 can be recycled into iron‐oxalate compounds, which can be used in battery applications. In addition, it is suggested that heat treatment of Fe3O4–PE flocs in an Ar atmosphere leads to forming Fe3O4 core–carbon shell nanoparticles, which show excellent performance as anodes in lithium‐ion batteries. The proposed composite exhibits an excellent capacity of 1123 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1 after 600 cycles with a negative fading phenomenon. This study offers insight into a new paradigm of recyclable processes, from environmental issues such as microplastics to using energy materials.
Droplet Encoding‐Pairing Enabled Multiplexed Digital Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Simultaneous Quantitative Detection of Multiple Pathogens
Authors: Cai Dongyang , Wang Yu , Zou Jingjing , Li Zhujun , Huang Enqi , Ouyang Xiuyun , Que Zhiquan , Luo Yanzhang , Chen Zhenhua , Jiang Yanqing , Zhang Guohao , Wu Hongkai , Liu Dayu
Published: January 2023

Despite the advantages of digital nucleic acid analysis (DNAA) in terms of sensitivity, precision, and resolution, current DNAA methods commonly suffer a limitation in multiplexing capacity. To address this issue, a droplet encoding‐pairing enabled DNAA multiplexing strategy is developed, wherein unique tricolor combinations are deployed to index individual primer droplets. The template droplets and primer droplets are sequentially introduced into a microfluidic chip with a calabash‐shaped microwell array and are pairwise trapped and merged in the microwells. Pre‐merging and post‐amplification image analysis with a machine learning algorithm is used to identify, enumerate, and address the droplets. By incorporating the amplification signals with droplet encoding information, simultaneous quantitative detection of multiple targets is achieved. This strategy allows for the establishment of flexible multiplexed DNAA by simply adjusting the primer droplet library. Its flexibility is demonstrated by establishing two multiplexed (8‐plex) droplet digital loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (mddLAMP) assays for individually detecting lower respiratory tract infection and urinary tract infection causative pathogens. Clinical sample analysis shows that the microbial detection outcomes of the mddLAMP assays are consistent with those of the conventional assay. This DNAA multiplexing strategy can achieve flexible high‐order multiplexing on demand, making it a desirable tool for high‐content pathogen detection.
Post‐synthesis amination of polymer of intrinsic microporosity membranes for CO2 separation
Authors: Chen Lidan , Su Pengcheng , Liu Jiandang , Chen Shizheng , Huang Junping , Huang Xinxi , Zhang Hongjun , Ye Bangjiao , Yang Wulin , Li Wanbin
Published: January 2023

Membrane separation is an energy‐saving technology for carbon capture. However, it is subjected to permeability‐selectivity trade‐off limitation. Although chemical functionalization is proposed to boost separation efficiency, controlling sorption–diffusion process remains extremely challenging. In this study, a facile, controllable, and versatile chemical vapor amination strategy is reported to simultaneously tune gas sorption and diffusion in polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM)‐based membranes for improving carbon capture performance. Through simple exposure in amine vapors under mild conditions, nucleophilic substitution of amines toward ether and halogen groups induce grafting, ring‐opening, terminal replacement, chain‐scission, and crosslinking of PIM‐1, thereby underpinning CO2‐philicity and tailoring passageway. The prepared CO2‐philic membranes exhibit substantially improved CO2/N2 selectivity over 30.8, about 226% as that of original one, accompanied by high CO2 permeability of 2590 Barrer, which can surpass the trade‐off upper bound of polymer membranes. Our results reveal that post‐synthesis amination is an effective route to obtain high‐performance membranes.
Does Alzheimer's disease with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy represent a distinct disease subtype?
Authors: Zawar Ifrah , Kapur Jaideep
Published: January 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have a high risk of developing mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and subclinical epileptiform activity. MTLE in AD worsens outcomes. Therefore, we need to understand the overlap between these disease processes. We hypothesize that AD with MTLE represents a distinct subtype of AD, with the interplay between tau and epileptiform activity at its core. We discuss shared pathological features including histopathology, an initial mesial temporal lobe (MTL) hyperexcitability followed by MTL dysfunction and involvement of same networks in memory (AD) and seizures (MTLE). We provide evidence that tau accumulation linearly increases neuronal hyperexcitability, neuronal hyper‐excitability increases tau secretion, tau can provoke seizures, and tau reduction protects against seizures. We speculate that AD genetic mutations increase tau, which causes proportionate neuronal loss and/or hyperexcitability, leading to seizures. We discuss that tau burden in MTLE predicts cognitive deficits among (1) AD and (2) MTLE without AD. Finally, we explore the possibility that anti‐seizure medications improve cognition by reducing neuronal hyper‐excitability, which reduces seizures and tau accumulation and spread.

Highlights

We hypothesize that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) represents a distinct subtype of AD.

AD and MTLE share histopathological features and involve overlapping neuronal and cortical networks.

Hyper‐phosphorylated tau (pTau) increases neuronal excitability and provoke seizures, neuronal excitability increases pTau, and pTau reduction reduces neuronal excitability and protects against seizures.

The pTau burden in MTL predicts cognitive deficits among (1) AD and (2) MTLE without AD.

We speculate that anti‐seizure medications improve cognition by reducing neuronal excitability, which reduces seizures and pTau.
Enhanced Interfacial Electron Transfer by Asymmetric Cu‐Ov‐In Sites on In2O3 for Efficient Peroxymonosulfate Activation
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong , Wang Pengfei , Song Chunlin , Zhang Tao , Zhan Sihui , Li Yi
Published: January 2023

Enhancing the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation efficiency to generate more radicals is vital to promote the Fenton‐like reaction activity, however, how to promote the PMS adsorption and accelerate the interfacial electron transfer to boost its activation kinetics remains a great challenge. Herein, we prepared Cu‐doped defect‐rich In2O3 (Cu‐In2O3/Ov) catalysts containing asymmetric Cu−Ov−In sites for PMS activation in water purification. The intrinsic catalytic activity is that the side‐on adsorption configuration of the O−O bond (Cu−O−O−In) at the Cu‐Ov‐In sites significantly stretches the O−O bond length. Meanwhile, the Cu‐Ov‐In sites increase the electron density near the Fermi energy level, promoting more and faster electron transfer to the O−O bond for generating more SO4⋅− and ⋅OH. The degradation rate constant of tetracycline achieved by Cu‐In2O3/Ov is 31.8 times faster than In2O3/Ov, and it shows the possibility of membrane reactor for practical wastewater treatment.
Passivating Lithiated Graphite via Targeted Repair of SEI to Inhibit Exothermic Reactions in Early‐Stage of Thermal Runaway for Safer Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Yuanke , Zeng Ziqi , Lei Sheng , Liu Mengchuang , Zhong Wei , Qin Mingsheng , Cheng Shijie , Xie Jia
Published: January 2023

The self‐exothermic in early stage of thermal runaway (TR) is blasting‐fuse for Li‐ion battery safety issues. The exothermic reaction between lithiated graphite (LiCx) and electrolyte accounts for onset of this behavior. However, preventing the deleterious reaction still encounters hurdles. Here, we manage to inhibit this reaction by passivating LiCxin real time via targeted repair of SEI. It is shown that 1,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐tris(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl)cyclotrisiloxane (D3F) can be triggered by LiCxto undergo ring‐opening polymerization at elevated temperature, so as to targeted repair of fractured SEI. Due to the high thermal stability of polymerized D3F, exothermic reaction between LiCxand electrolyte is inhibited. As a result, the self‐exothermic and TR trigger temperatures of pouch cell are increased from 159.6 and 194.2 °C to 300.5 and 329.7 °C. This work opens up a new avenue for designing functional additives to block initial exothermal reaction and inhibit TR in early stage.
Interface Design Enabling Stable Polymer/Thiophosphate Electrolyte Separators for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Huo Hanyu , Jiang Ming , Mogwitz Boris , Sann Joachim , Yusim Yuriy , Zuo Tong‐Tong , Moryson Yannik , Minnmann Philip , Richter Felix H. , Veer Singh Chandra , Janek Jürgen
Published: January 2023

Organic/inorganic interfaces greatly affect Li+ transport in composite solid electrolytes (SEs), while SE/electrode interfacial stability plays a critical role in the cycling performance of solid‐state batteries (SSBs). However, incomplete understanding of interfacial (in)stability hinders the practical application of composite SEs in SSBs. Herein, chemical degradation between Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is revealed. The high polarity of PEG changes the electronic state and structural bonding of the PS43− tetrahedra, thus triggering a series of side reactions. A substituted terminal group of PEG not only stabilizes the inner interfaces but also extends the electrochemical window of the composite SE. Moreover, a LiF‐rich layer can effectively prevent side reactions at the Li/SE interface. The results provide insights into the chemical stability of polymer/sulfide composites and demonstrate an interface design to achieve dendrite‐free lithium metal batteries.
Polar Phosphorus Chalcogenide Cage Molecules: Enhancement of Nonlinear Optical Properties in Adducts
Authors: Yang Shunda , Lin Chensheng , Fan Huixin , Chen Kaichuang , Zhang Ge , Ye Ning , Luo Min
Published: January 2023

Inorganic adducts are an emerging class of infrared nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. However, although the reported NLO adducts have sufficient birefringences and significant laser‐induced damage thresholds (LIDTs), they commonly suffer from weak second harmonic generation (SHG) responses. In this work, a series of polar phosphorus chalcogenide cage molecules with strong hyperpolarizabilities were theoretically screened out to enhance the SHG responses of adducts. Accordingly, (CuI)3(P4S4), (CuI)3(P4Se4), (CuBr)7(P4S3)3 and (CuBr)7(P4Se3)3 with target polar cage molecules were successfully synthesized. As expected, they exhibit enhanced SHG responses while keeping moderate birefringences and high LIDTs. Notably, (CuBr)7(P4Se3)3 possesses the largest SHG response (3.5×AGS@2.05 μm) among the known inorganic NLO adducts. Our study confirms that introducing NLO‐active cage molecules into adducts is an efficient strategy for high‐performance NLO materials.
Reverse Engineering Caged Compounds: Design Principles for their Application in Biology
Authors: Ellis‐Davies Graham C. R.
Published: January 2023

Light passes through biological tissue, and so it is used for imaging biological processes in situ. Such observation is part of the very essence of science, but mechanistic understanding requires intervention. For more than 50 years a “second function” for light has emerged; namely, that of photochemical control. Caged compounds are biologically inert signaling molecules that are activated by light. These optical probes enable external instruction of biological processes by stimulation of an individual element in complex signaling cascades in its native environment. Cause and effect are linked directly in spatial, temporal, and frequency domains in a quantitative manner by their use. I provide a guide to the basic properties required to make effective caged compounds for the biological sciences.
Stress‐Induced Inversion of Linear Dichroism by 4,4′‐Bipyridine Rotation in a Superelastic Organic Single Crystal
Authors: Li Yu‐Xia , Liu Zhi‐Kun , Cao Jie , Tao Jun , Yao Zi‐Shuo
Published: January 2023

The molecular crystals that manifest unusual mechanical properties have attracted growing attention. Herein, we prepared an organic single crystal that shows bidirectional superelastic transformation in response to shear stress. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffractions revealed this crystal‐twinning related shape change is owed to a stress‐controlled 90° rotation of 4,4′‐bipyridine around the hydrogen bonds of a chiral organic trimer. As a consequence of the 90° shift in the aromatic plane, an interconversion of crystallographic a‐, b‐axes (a→b′ and b→a′) was detected. The molecular rotations changed the anisotropic absorption of linearly polarized light. Therefore, a stress‐induced inversion of linear dichroism spectra was demonstrated for the first time. This study reveals the superior mechanical flexibilities of single crystals can be realized by harnessing the molecular rotations and this superelastic crystal may find applications in optical switching and communications.
Modulating Cation Migration and Deposition with Xylitol Additive and Oriented Reconstruction of Hydrogen Bonds for Stable Zinc Anodes
Authors: Wang Hongfei , Ye Wuquan , Yin Bowen , Wang Kexin , Riaz Muhammad Sohail , Xie Bin‐Bin , Zhong Yijun , Hu Yong
Published: January 2023

Highly reversible plating/stripping in aqueous electrolytes is one of the critical processes determining the performance of Zn‐ion batteries, but it is severely impeded by the parasitic side reaction and dendrite growth. Herein, a novel electrolyte engineering strategy is first proposed based on the usage of 100 mM xylitol additive, which inhibits hydrogen evolution reaction and accelerates cations migration by expelling active H2O molecules and weakening electrostatic interaction through oriented reconstruction of hydrogen bonds. Concomitantly, xylitol molecules are preferentially adsorbed by Zn surface, which provides a shielding buffer layer to retard the sedimentation and suppress the planar diffusion of Zn2+ ions. Zn2+ transference number and cycling lifespan of Zn∥Zn cells have been significantly elevated, overwhelmingly larger than bare ZnSO4. The cell coupled with a NaV3O8 cathode still behaves much better than the additive‐free device in terms of capacity retention.
Single‐Crystal Superstructures via Hierarchical Assemblies of Giant Rubik's Cubes as Tertiary Building Units
Authors: Hu Bing , Wen Wei‐Yang , Sun Hai‐Yan , Wang Yan‐Qi , Du Ke‐Zhao , Ma Wen , Zou Guo‐Dong , Wu Zhao‐Feng , Huang Xiao‐Ying
Published: January 2023

Intricate superstructures possess unusual structural features and promising applications. The preparation of superstructures with single‐crystalline nature are conducive to understanding the structure–property relationship, however, remains an intriguing challenge. Herein we put forward a new hierarchical assembly strategy towards rational and precise construction of intricate single‐crystal superstructures. Firstly, two unprecedented superclusters in Rubik's cube's form with a size of ≈2×2×2 nm3are constructed by aggregation of eight {Pr4Sb12} oxohalide clusters as secondary building units (SBUs). Then, the Rubik's cubes further act as isolable tertiary building units (TBUs) to assemble diversified single‐crystal superstructures. Importantly, intermediate assembly states are captured, which helps illustrate the evolution of TBU‐based superstructures and thus provides a profound understanding of the assembly process of superstructures at the atomic level.
Substituted Isocoumarins: An Assemble of Synthetic Strategies Towards 3‐Substituted and 3,4‐Disubstituted Isocoumarins
Authors: Chutia Kangkana , Sarmah Manashi , Gogoi Pranjal
Published: January 2023

The versatility of isocoumarin frameworks offers the privilege to access many pharmacological targets. This unique heterocycle core present in many natural products and complex organic molecules contribute to medicinal chemistry as anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents. The attractive properties exhibited by its analogues urged the scientists to explore their synthetic analogues. In regard to the myriads of synthetic methodologies, we have compiled a review update covering all the articles that have been published towards the synthesis of 3‐substituted and 3,4‐disubstituted isocoumarins. Additionally, we have also highlighted a systematic survey of catalytic methods for their synthesis along with their scope towards diverse functionalizations and plausible mechanistic aspects.
The Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Symptom Scale: Development and validation of a patient‐reported outcome measure
Authors: Newlands Abigail F. , Roberts Lindsey , Maxwell Kayleigh , Kramer Melissa , Price Jessica L. , Finlay Katherine A.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to develop and validate a tailored patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) evaluating the patient experience of recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) symptom severity. This measure was designed to supplement clinical testing methods, allowing full assessment of the patient experience of rUTI symptom burden, while enhancing patient‐centred UTI management and monitoring.

Subjects and Methods

The Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Symptom Scale (RUTISS) was developed and validated using a three‐stage methodology, in accordance with gold‐standard recommendations. Firstly, a two‐round Delphi study was conducted to gain insights from 15 international expert clinicians working in rUTI, developing an initial pool of novel questionnaire items, assessing content validity and making item refinements. Next, two phases of one‐to‐one semi‐structured cognitive interviews were conducted with a diverse sample of 28 people experiencing rUTI to assess questionnaire comprehensiveness and comprehensibility, making refinements after each phase. Finally, a comprehensive pilot of the RUTISS was conducted with 240 people experiencing rUTI across 24 countries, providing data for psychometric testing and item reduction.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis indicated a four‐factor structure comprising: ‘urinary pain and discomfort’, ‘urinary urgency’, ‘bodily sensations’ and ‘urinary presentation’, together accounting for 75.4% of the total variance in data. Qualitative feedback from expert clinicians and patients indicated strong content validity for items, which was supported by high content validity indices in the Delphi study (I‐CVI > 0.75). Internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the RUTISS subscales were excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.87–0.94 and ICC = 0.73–0.82, respectively), and construct validity was strong (Spearman's ρ = 0.60–0.82).

Conclusion

The RUTISS is a 28‐item questionnaire with excellent reliability and validity, which dynamically assesses patient‐reported rUTI symptoms and pain. This new PROM offers a unique opportunity to critically inform and strategically enhance the quality of rUTI management, patient‐clinician interactions, and shared‐decision making by monitoring key patient‐reported outcomes.
ZiE für Carbonbetonbauteile in Halbfertigteil‐ und Fertigteilbauweise im Gebäudeteil BOX des CUBE
Authors: Frenzel Michael , Schmidt Angela , Scheerer Silke
Published: January 2023

Ende September 2022 wurde an der TU Dresden das weltweit erste Gebäude aus Beton eröffnet, bei dem ausschließlich endlosfaserbasierte Bewehrung, hauptsächlich aus Carbon, zum Einsatz kam. Für die Herstellung des Gebäudes wurden eine Zustimmung im Einzelfall (ZiE) und eine vorhabenbezogene Bauartgenehmigung gemäß Sächsischer Bauordnung bei der Landesstelle für Bautechnik (Leipzig) erwirkt. Im Teil I der ZiE wurde der Gebäudeteil BOX des CUBE geregelt. Es wurden die mechanischen Kennwerte der einzelnen Carbonbetonkomponenten und das rechnerische Vorgehen zur Bestimmung der Gebrauchs‐ und Tragfähigkeit der Carbonbetonbauteile in Fertigteil‐ bzw. Halbfertigteilbauweise festgelegt. Zudem erlaubte die ZiE den Einsatz nicht geregelter, neuartiger Wärmedämmungen und legte Parameter für die Berechnung des Wärmeschutzes und Energiebedarfs für das Gebäude fest. Im Beitrag werden ausgewählte Untersuchungen zu den Carbonbetonbauteilen der BOX vorgestellt, die Basis für die ZiE waren.
Piloting HealthScore: Feasibility and acceptability of a clinically integrated health coaching program for people living with cancer
Authors: Wood William A. , Bailey Carly , Castrogivanni Brianna , Mehedint Diana , Bryant Ashley Leak , Lavin Kyle , Tan Xianming , Richardson Jaime , Qian Yiqing , Tan Kelly R. , Kent Erin E.
Published: January 2023

Background

Cancer supportive care interventions often have limited generalizability, goal misalignment, and high costs. We developed and piloted a health coaching intervention, UNC HealthScore, in patients undergoing cancer treatment (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04923997). We present feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcome data.

Methods

HealthScore is a six‐month, theory‐based, multicomponent intervention delivered through participant‐driven coaching sessions. For the pilot study, participants were provided a Fitbit, responded to weekly symptom and physical function digital surveys, and met with a health coach weekly to develop and monitor goals. Coaching notes were discussed in weekly interdisciplinary team meetings and provided back to the treating oncology team. Symptom alerts were monitored and triaged through a study resource nurse to relevant supportive care services. Feasibility was determined based on intervention enrollment and completion. Acceptability was based on satisfaction with coaching and Fitbit‐wearing and was informed by semistructured exit interviews. Outcomes evaluated for signs of improvement included several PROMIS (Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) measures, including the primary intervention target, physical function.

Results

From May 2020 to March 2022, 50 participants completed the single‐arm pilot. Feasibility was high: 66% enrolled and 71% completed the full intervention. Participants reported an average of 4.8 and 4.7 (out of 5) on the acceptability of coaching calls and using the Fitbit, respectively. Physical function scores rose 3.1 points (SE = 1.1) from baseline to 3 months, and 4.3 (SE = 1.0) from baseline to 6 months, above established minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Improvements above MCID were also evident in anxiety and depression, and smaller improvements were demonstrated for emotional support, social isolation, cognitive function, symptom burden, and self‐efficacy.

Discussion

HealthScore shows feasibility, acceptability, and promising preliminary outcomes. Randomized studies are underway to determine the efficacy of preserving physical function in patients with advanced cancer.
Child protection pathways for newborn infants: A multi‐disciplinary retrospective chart review of an Irish maternity hospital’s records
Authors: Jenkins Elinor , Corbett Maria , Breen Anna , O'Brien Kerri , Cooney Caoimhe , McGrath Robert , Flynn Emma , White Martin
Published: January 2023

In Ireland, little is known about mothers and infants where child welfare and protection concerns arise during the perinatal period. This study explores, for the first time, perinatal child protection. A retrospective audit was carried out of a large maternity hospital's medical social work, neonatal and psychiatric files for a five‐year period from 2016 to 2020. The study identified 99 children, born to 86 mothers, who were either subject to a child protection conference; placed for adoption; discharged to someone other than the mother; or discharged home under supervision. The study found that two‐thirds of the children were discharged to their mother's care. When compared to national data, the health indicators for this cohort of mothers and children painted a grim picture. The maternal profiles identified high prevalence of mental health and addiction difficulties and domestic violence. The study found evidence of supports provided to the mothers to enable them to care for their infants while they remained in the hospital and during an initial discharge from hospital. However, a significant number of the mothers were not caring for their children when viewed across a longer time frame. Dedicated multi‐disciplinary clinics and improved data systems were identified as of importance.
Giving HOPE and minimising trauma: An intervention to support women who are separated from their babies at birth due to safeguarding concerns
Authors: Mason Claire , Ward Harriet , Broadhurst Karen
Published: January 2023

Whatever the circumstances, the separation of infants from their mothers at birth is a traumatic experience for all concerned. The paper reports on a study designed to improve practice in this highly sensitive area. An analysis of data collected through semi‐structured interviews with 38 mothers who had experienced removal at birth identified four common themes: isolation and unacknowledged support needs; shame, stigma and the failure of others to acknowledge their maternal identity; acute trauma, immediate downturn and disenfranchised grief following infant removal; and strategies to mitigate their pain and grief. These last themes included the use of artefacts both as transitional objects to help mothers come to terms with the permanent loss of a baby, and as a means of keeping maternal identity alive and connecting with an infant who might eventually return home. In response to these findings, and in collaboration with a group of women with lived experience, HOPE boxes were designed to ameliorate the trauma and psychological burden borne by women in this situation. The contents of the boxes have been chosen to reflect the changing experiences of the women's journeys but also the range of possible potential outcomes. The intervention has considerable potential to minimise the trauma of this painful experience.
Effects of burdock root flour (Arctium lappa) on yeast fermentation power, microstructure, quality, and storability of bread made with partial replacement of wheat flour
Authors: Mondal Shakti Chandra , Eun Jong‐Bang
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives

The nutrient content, antioxidant status, yeast fermentation ability, and sensory aspects of baked goods may be impacted by the inclusion of different forms of fiber in the formulation. The main goal of this study was to assess the effects of adding burdock root flour (BRF) as an ingredient in bread baking. Therefore, BRF was used in place of 3%, 6%, and 9% of wheat flour to test its effect on yeast fermentation and the structure and quality of bread.

Findings

A correlation between fermentation time and dough volume was established during the partial addition of BRF to replace wheat flour. The addition of BRF negatively influenced the gas generated during fermentation (ranging from 6.74 to 4.65 ml/min), reducing the final bread volume. The specific volume of bread was demonstrated to be reduced by over 50% as a result of the inclusion of BRF. However, there was a large rise in the protein, minerals, and antioxidant capacity of the bread with added BRF owing to BRF's high polyphenol and flavonoid contents. As the BRF concentration in the bread increased, the values of the crusts' lightness (L*), greenness/redness (a*), and yellowness/blueness (b*) decreased, while the values of the a* and b* increased in the crumb. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed a denser bread structure due to the addition of BRF. Furthermore, bread with added BRF became harder, chewier, gummy, and springier while losing its crumb cohesion. However, cohesiveness exhibited the opposite tendency to hardness during bread storage.

Conclusions

Substituting BRF in place of wheat flour significantly increased the nutritional quality, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid levels (p < .05). Based on the sensory evaluation, bread with 3% BRF substitution had similar overall acceptability compared with the control bread samples.

Significance and Novelty

The study's results may support using BRF as a supplemental raw material for high‐quality bread making.
COVID‐19‐induced thrombotic microangiopathy: A great mimicker of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
Authors: Warnecke Brian , Kapoor Vidit , Wehbe Alexandra , Datta Paromita
Published: January 2023

We present a unique case of a 68‐year‐old male who was diagnosed with COVID‐19. His hospital course was complicated by widespread thrombosis, renal failure, and thrombocytopenia. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura was initially suspected, yet plasma exchange and steroids did not improve his disease. Ultimately, he was diagnosed with COVID‐19‐induced thrombotic microangiopathy.
Adult‐onset still's disease and budd‐chiari syndrome: A case report
Authors: Hakamifard Atousa , Aria Amir , Momenzadeh Mahnaz
Published: January 2023

Adult onset still's disease (AOSD) is a rare autoinflammatory disease displaying with a wide range of non‐specific symptoms and budd‐chiari syndrome (BCS) is an uncommon disorder characterized by obstruction of hepatic venous outflow. We present the case of a young patient who presented with persistent fever, sore throat, elbow, hand fingers and knees arthralgia with abdominal pain. The patient's symptoms had started 7 days before the referral. Imaging and laboratory data led to the diagnosis of BCS in the context of AOSD. The patient treated with corticosteroid in combination of warfarin with favorable outcome and complete improvement of signs and symptoms. We came to this conclusion AOSD complicated with BCS is a rare but potentially life‐threatening entity. Clinicians should be aware of this complication.