bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Refrigerants R1234yf Single Stage Compression Cycle with a Throttle Valve and an Expander
Authors: Tian Jing Rui , Wang Hong Li , Xue Gui Jun , Zhang Qing Hua
Published: August 2013

In range of high pressure, the performance of single stage cycle with an expander (SCE) is better than the cycle with a throttling valve (SCV). With increasing of the evaporating temperature or decreasing outlet temperature of condenser, the performance of the two cycles is an increasing trend. With increasing of pressure ratio, the performances of all cycles are decreased. Under the same comparison conditions, expander cycle performance superior to the throttle valve performance.
Determination of Occurrence Grades for Factors Affecting Congelation Failure on Basis of Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment Method
Authors: Wang Yang , Cheng Qing Lin , Li Xian Li , Yi Xi
Published: August 2013

Pipeline transportation is the most important transport mode for crude oil. When oil pipeline operates at low throughput or shutdown, congelation accident always happen as the temperature of oil in pipeline drops, which causes malignant accidents and significant financial losses. Study of the various factors affecting congelation failure is necessary. According to the statistics and analysis of congelation accident, direct and indirect reasons of affecting pipeline congelation failure were determined. Combining with fuzzy comprehensive assessment method, the related importance of factors on congelation accident was studied, and the grade of factors affecting failure congelation of pipeline was also identified. Aiming at the factors, some improvement measures were put forward. These can provide evidences for accident treatment, planned maintenance, security operation and scientific management.
Design and Implementation of Dynamic Menu Based on Role-Based Access Control
Authors: Chen Ying , Yang Feng Yu
Published: August 2013

Every application systems must provide different menus for different users and its corresponding operation authorities of different roles. While static menus, hidden menus and disabled menus lack flexibility, dynamic menus can overcome this shortcoming. In this paper, based on the theory of role-based access control, we propose the mechanism of different roles have different authority and dynamically generate corresponding dynamic menus. Whats more, we instantiate corresponding basic data table and relational data table, introduce the key techniques of using C# to implement dynamic menus and develop corresponding system. This system can timely generate dynamic menus according to the changes of relationship tables and entities, which make the system, have good usability and scalability.
A New Method for Information System with Good Performance
Authors: Yang Zhong Shan , Hao Li , Zhang Yue Hong
Published: August 2013

Current paper on information system management indicates that the most of information systems either are considered a failure or challenged. These projects are characterized by overspend, exceeding time, and failing to meet customer hope. The fact that most projects fail emphasizes the need for research regarding the feasibility that leads to information system with good performance or failure. This paper presents a method for information system with good performance. Based on deep analysis of current paper on software with good performance feasibility, an method is formalizing. The new framework shows feasibility that have to be carefully considered in order to get information system with good performance. The feasibility included in the framework is divided into four categories: management feasibility, technical feasibility, staff feasibility, and social feasibility. The framework is new because it includes many factors that are not founding together in any of the previous similar architectures.
Plan and Decision of System Maintain Based on Web Service
Authors: Zhang Xiao Wei , Xie Qiao Ling
Published: August 2013

In a Web Service-Based System (WSBS) development life cycle, decision of preexisting Web Services is an important task. Every Web Service that has to be reused has an associated risk of failure of not meeting the functional and non-functional requirements. In case of WSBS development there can be many choices possible from amongst the Web Services for a particular situation. The previous Process models in WSBS development do not explicitly specify the key phases and sub-phases which essentially clarify the way Web Service decision, WSBS plan, and, maintain are dependent on each other, and, the nature of key activities that are required to be accomplished during those phases. This understanding is essential to devise an appropriate WSBS development approach. An important concern is the failures of SP Web Services during later stages of development. This can lead to increased integration and maintain cost making WSBS development unprofitable undertaking.
Design and Implementation of an Automatic Scoring Subjective Question System Based on Domain Ontology
Authors: Wang Na , Xu Lin , Li Li Yao , Xu Lu Xiong
Published: August 2013

Automated assessment technology for subjective tests is one of the key techniques of exam systems. A model based on domain ontology is proposed in this paper, which can be used in exam systems to estimate subjective tests. After analysing the present research status of subjective automated assessment technology, the paper makes a study on the construction method of domain ontology by taking software engeering domain as an example. Semantic similarity calculation based on domain ontology is used for automatic assessment in this paper. The automatic assessment system can divide a sentence into a series of phrases by using the natural language processing technology and get the score by evaluating the semantic similarity of the student's answer. The experiments show that the results of the system which has certain valuable feasibility and applicability are credible and the scoring errors are acceptable.
Research on Image Sharpness Evaluation
Authors: Song Kang , Liao Jun Bi , Dou Yi Tong
Published: August 2013

According to Wiener-Khintchine theorem, autocorrelation function of an image was proved that can be used as sharpness evaluation function. An image sharpness index k is proposed and the relationship between content of high frequency components of an image and the width d of its autocorrelation function main lobe was constructed through Fourier transformation. The direct ration relationship between the sharpness index k of an image and the width d of its autocorrelation function main lobe was also validated by experiments. Theoretical analysis and experiment results indicate that d increases when an image is blurry and d decreases when the image is clear.
The Plan for Outstanding Civil Engineering Undergraduate Experimental Teaching Research — In the Concrete Structure Principle of the Experimental Teaching Reform as an Example
Authors: Zhang Tong , Tian Shuai , Xu Ling , Chen Hong Yan
Published: August 2013

Oriented education "outstanding engineers training plan", combined with the characteristics of university students after 90, teaching method required in the civil engineering undergraduate experiment is studied. To the "principle of concrete structure" experimental teaching reform as an example, it builds an organic experiment teaching platform with theoretical teaching across the curriculum, concrete structure associated , the "Yang section flexural bearing capacity of reinforced concrete demonstration experiments" optimize the comprehensive design experiments, has been clear about the experiment of hardware, software, data organization, management, etc. Thus it provides a certain reference basis for excellence in civil engineering undergraduate experiment teaching.
Research on Higher Technical Education Meets the Demands for Talents in Equipment Manufacturing Industry in China
Authors: Liu Wen Hua
Published: August 2013

By considering the current situation of talents in equipment manufacturing, the development trend, and the demands for talents in equipment manufacturing industry in China, this paper will represent the achievements which have been attained in higher technical education in recent years. Meanwhile, some problems, such as low innovative and practical abilities in talents cultivating still exist. After analyzing these situations, the conclusions were deduced: educational administrators, relevant industrial enterprises and technical education colleges should cooperate in order to promote the reformation and development of higher technical education in a deep insight.
Study on the Combustion Mechanism and Models of Gunpowder Composite Welding Rod
Authors: Jia Xiao Biao , Jiang Jin Yong , Lu Gui E , Chang Wen Ping , Jia Hao Nan , Zhang Tao
Published: August 2013

The physical model of the flame of gunpowder composite welding rod (GCWR) is built based on the flame topography and the combustion mechanism of thermite. The chemical reactions in different flame regions are fixed with the physical model, combustion characteristics of thermite and gunpowder combustion theory. The combustion mathematic model on the relationship of combustion velocity of GCWR with thermite content is fixed with the concept of unit volume combustion heat. At last, the results of the test indicate that the rates of combustion obtained by theoretical arithmetic and test are similar.
Research Status and Development Trend of Laser Welding Technology of Plastic
Authors: Li Hui , Li Wei , Liu Xi Ming , Wang Yao Min , Liu Zhen
Published: August 2013

The technological and economic advantages of laser welding of plastics in comparison to the traditional welding process and research situation are analyzed in this paper. Process methods of this technology are reviewed as well as the range of application for these manners is compared. The technological challenges facing the further development of the technology and the critical issues needing to be solved are deeply investigated. It is pointed out that efficient prevention of plastics distortion and cracking as well as control of internal structure and defects are currently the two bottleneck obstacles challenging the further development and industrial applications of the revolutionary advanced manufacturing technology. The developments of laser welding technology of plastics in the future are also forecasted.
Research on Lightweight Technology Application in River-Crossing and Military Bridge Equipment
Authors: Zhang Yin Long , Bian Shi Chuan , Lin Jun Xiang , Shen Zhao Xiang
Published: August 2013

Lightweight technology application in river-crossing and military bridge equipment has important significance to promote rapid development. Lightweight can efficiently reduce the weight, promote structure optimization and improve performance of the river-crossing and military bridge equipment. After basic principles and main technologies of the lightweight application in the river-crossing and military bridge equipment components are summarized, strength design technologies for the lightweight of the equipment components are discussed, and simple shape components strength design criteria under tension/ compression, bending, shearing and torsion are analyzed, which is extended to general lightweight components strength design criteria. On the basis of the lightweight design principles and strength design criteria, appropriate design methods and optimization strategies are selected, suitable lightweight high-strength material is chosen according to research and development demands, and the lightweight purpose for the river-crossing and military bridge equipment is realized.
Analysis of Hydration Mechanism of New Type Filling Cementitious Materials
Authors: Nan Shi Qing , Gao Qian , Zhang Juan Xia , Guo Xian Zhang
Published: August 2013

This paper mainly focuses on revealing the hydration mechanism of new cementitious material of filling body through its microstructure analysis. According to the SEM samples preparation, analysis of different age of filling body microstructure and XRD diffraction mapping, the results showed that the hydration products were with large amount of ettringite, followed by C-S-H gel, calcium and silica. The main reason of strength increasing was the ettringite morphology and the hydration process. It was obtained that the hydration products of different activators were mainly the influence factor of strength, on basis of analyzing the microstructure of different activator materials.
The Research of Fully Mechanized Tunneling Efficient Construction Organization Design of the Inclined Shaft in Hecaogou Mine
Authors: Kong Jie , Ma Zhen , Ji Ming Nan , Xue Jun Long , Wang Cheng Gang
Published: August 2013

Construction organization design is an important technology economy file of guiding the project construction. The sectional area of auxiliary inclined shaft is 21.6m2, belongs to big section of long inclined shaft. Based on the geological condition, auxiliary inclined shaft in Hecaogou mine optimized the construction organization design and adopted four-eight cross recycling way. Thanks to the use of high-power EBZ318H comprehensive tunneling machine, it has realized the rapid construction of inclined well, achieved the good grades of 227 m in the highest month .The well had good engineering quality and no safety accidents, implementing the fast construction of safe and efficient, high quality, economic benefit and social benefit . At the same time, it had accumulated rich experience for big section of long inclined shaft construction.
Modeling and Simulation of Electromagnetic Railgun’s Exterior Ballistic Trajectory
Authors: Jin Feng , Lu Xiao Fei , Liu Jun , Chen Yan Qiao
Published: August 2013

A method for studying the characteristics of electromagnetic railguns exterior ballistic trajectory is present. For electromagnetic railguns high muzzle velocity and wide range,which make it cover the whole near space, an proper atmospheric environment model and an mathematical model of motion are proposed to describe the railguns exterior ballistic trajectory. By comparing the trajectory performance and velocity variation between electromagnetic railgun and conventional gun, railguns advantage in velocity and range as well as its lethality over conventional gun is testified and its potential application value is shown. Results indicate that electomagnetic railgun has the capability to intercept the missile or other type of military targets, and it is critical to get a tradeoff between mass of projectile and muzzle velocity.
Repair of non-obstetrical vesicovaginal fistula: a 13-year experience of single Irish institution
Authors: Islam Jawad Ul , Grainger Ronald , McDermott Ted , Flynn Robert , Thornhill John
Published: August 2013

The objective of this study was to review our clinical experience in the surgical management of non obstetrical vesicovaginal fistulae (VVF) over the past 13 years, to determine common causes of fistulae in a modern hospital setting and outcomes based on different surgical approaches and timing of repair. A retrospective review of patients with VVF at the Adelaide Meath Hospital, Dublin, was undertaken from January 1997 to June 2010. 35 patients with mean age of 32 years (range 17 to 53 years) with vesicovaginal fistulae underwent surgical repair. A percentage of 68.5 fistulae occurred post hysterectomy, 20% were due to pelvic malignancy and the remainder from other causes. With regards to the timings of surgery, 57% were repaired within 3 months, 11% within 6 months and 32% after 6 months. 57% of patients underwent abdominal repair of fistulae and 26% had vaginal repair. 6 patients were not suitable for any type of repair and hence had urinary diversion. There were 3 failures, all after abdominal repair for complex fistulae. Timing of surgery has no apparent impact on the final outcome of the fistula. The type of approach depends on the preference and experience of the surgeon, with different approaches offering equally good results at our institution. Urinary diversion is still an option for a select group of patients.
Macrofollicular variant of papillary carcinoma, a potential diagnostic pitfall: A report of two cases including a review of literature
Authors: Policarpio-Nicolas Maria Luisa C. , Sirohi Deepika
Published: August 2013

Macrofollicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (MFVPTC) is one of the rarest histologic types of papillary carcinoma. This tumor may mimic an adenomatoid/colloid nodule or follicular neoplasm (macrofollicular type) both on histology and cytology. There are very few articles describing the cytologic features of MFVPTC. We report the cytologic findings of two surgically confirmed MFVPTC. The first case showed abundant thin colloid with moderate amount of follicular cells arranged in a honeycombed and syncytial pattern. Some but not all the follicular cells showed enlarged round to ovoid nuclei, overlapping nuclei, few nuclear grooves and rare intranuclear inclusions. The second case showed abundant thin colloid and predominantly benign appearing follicular cells with few overlapping nuclei, enlarged round to ovoid nuclei and rare nuclear grooves. No intranuclear inclusions were identified. A review of the literature was done and the cytologic findings of MFVPTC including our two cases were tabulated. The cytologic findings showed moderate to abundant thin with focally thick colloid in 75% of cases and sheet like arrangement of follicular cells in 76%. Although nuclear features such as chromatin clearing, overlapping and grooves were present in majority of cases, the quantity varied from rare to focal. Small to prominent nucleoli were present in all of the evaluable cases. Intranuclear inclusions were seen only in 45% of patients. Hence, the cytologic features of macrofollicular variant of papillary carcinoma though present can be subtle and intranuclear inclusions may not be present always.
Water mass evolution of the Greenland Sea since lateglacial times
Authors: Telesiński M. M. , Spielhagen R. F. , Bauch H. A.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Four sediment cores from the central and northern Greenland Sea, a crucial area for the global ocean circulation system, were analyzed for planktic foraminiferal fauna, planktic and benthic stable oxygen and carbon isotopes as well as ice-rafted debris. During the Last Glacial Maximum, the Greenland Sea was dominated by cold and ice-bearing water masses. Meltwater discharges from the surrounding ice sheets affected the area during the deglaciation, influencing the water mass circulation. The Younger Dryas was the last major freshwater event in the area. The onset of the Holocene interglacial was marked by an improvement of the environmental conditions and rising sea surface temperatures (SST). Although the thermal maximum was not reached simultaneously across the basin, due to the reorganization of the specific water mass configuration, benthic isotope data indicate that the overturning circulation reached a maximum in the central Greenland Sea around 7 ka. After 6–5 ka the SST cooling and increasing sea-ice cover is noted alongside with decreasing insolation. Conditions during this Neoglacial cooling, however, changed after 3 ka due to further sea-ice expansion which limited the deep convection. As a result, a well stratified upper water column amplified the warming of the subsurface waters in the central Greenland Sea which were fed by increased inflow of Atlantic Water from the eastern Nordic Seas. Our data reconstruct a variety of time- and space-dependent oceanographic conditions. These were the result of a complex interplay between overruling factors such as changing insolation, the relative influence of Atlantic, Polar and meltwater, sea-ice processes and deep water convection.
Parallel algorithms for planar and spherical Delaunay construction with an application to centroidal Voronoi tessellations
Authors: Jacobsen D. W. , Gunzburger M. , Ringler T. , Burkardt J. , Peterson J.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. A new algorithm, featuring overlapping domain decompositions, for the parallel construction of Delaunay and Voronoi tessellations is developed. Overlapping allows for the seamless stitching of the partial pieces of the global Delaunay tessellations constructed by individual processors. The algorithm is then modified, by the addition of stereographic projections, to handle the parallel construction of spherical Delaunay and Voronoi tessellations. The algorithms are then embedded into algorithms for the parallel construction of planar and spherical centroidal Voronoi tessellations that require multiple constructions of Delaunay tessellations. This combination of overlapping domain decompositions with stereographic projections provides a unique algorithm for the construction of spherical meshes that can be used in climate simulations. Computational tests are used to demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the algorithms for spherical Delaunay and centroidal Voronoi tessellations. Compared to serial versions of the algorithm and to STRIPACK-based approaches, the new parallel algorithm results in speedups for the construction of spherical centroidal Voronoi tessellations and spherical Delaunay triangulations.
Source model of 18 September 2004 Huntoon Valley earthquake estimated from InSAR
Authors: Lee W. J. , Lu Z. , Jung H. S. , Ji L. Y.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. On 18 September 2004, an Mw= 5.5 earthquake struck the Huntoon Valley, California, USA. To measure the coseismic deformation field, we applied interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (InSAR) technique on ascending and descending SAR images from the ENVISAT satellite. Multi-temporal InSAR images were stacked to reduce the atmospheric artifact and other noise. Deformation signals are obvious across the northeast-trending, left-lateral strike-slip fault that produced the earthquake. Ascending and descending deformation maps allowed us to retrieve the east–west and vertical displacement components. Our results show that the displacement in the east–west component is between −3 and 3 cm while the vertical component is between −1 and 1 cm on both sides of the fault. Modeling the averaged deformation images from both descending and ascending tracks with an elastic dislocation source resulted in a best-fit 8 km-long by 3 km-wide fault model that strikes northeast at a depth of about 4.7 km. The magnitude calculated by InSAR data is Mw= 5.6, which is similar to that from the local earthquake catalog and slightly larger than estimates from global earthquake catalogs. Moreover, the InSAR-derived depth is similar to that from the local catalog; both are shallower than those reported in the global catalogs. Our results suggest that the earthquake parameters based on global seismic catalogs can be improved by high-resolution InSAR imagery and modeling.
Mechanism of Villous Atrophy in Celiac Disease: Role of Apoptosis and Epithelial Regeneration
Authors: Shalimar DM , Das Prasenjit , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Gupta Siddhartha Datta , Panda Subrat K. , Makharia Govind K.
Published: August 2013

Context.—The data on status of apoptosis in patients with celiac disease are conflicting. Furthermore, complex interaction between intrinsic and common apoptotic pathways, apoptotic inhibitors, and epithelial cell proliferation is largely unclear for patients with celiac disease.

Objectives.—To determine the role of apoptosis and epithelial cell regeneration in celiac disease.

Design.—Twenty-five treatment-naïve patients with celiac disease and 6 patients with functional dyspepsia, as controls, were included and duodenal biopsy specimens from all were subjected to immunohistochemistry with markers of intrinsic apoptotic pathway (AIF, H2AX, p53), common pathway (CC3, M30), apoptotic inhibitors (XIAP, Bcl2), and epithelial proliferation (Ki-67). Apoptotic and proliferation indices were calculated.

Results.—Expression of end-apoptotic products, that is, H2AX in the cell nuclei (P = .01) and M30 in the cell cytoplasm (P < .01), was significantly upregulated in celiac disease in comparison to controls. Cleaved caspase-3 was also upregulated in villous cytoplasm in celiac disease. Apoptotic inhibitor Bcl2 was significantly down-regulated in celiac disease in comparison to controls. In addition, Ki-67 proliferation index was upregulated both in the crypts and villous mucosal epithelium in comparison to the crypts of the controls.

Conclusions.—Treatment-naïve patients with celiac disease have significantly higher level of apoptosis that involves both the common and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Increased apoptosis and unequaled cell regeneration in crypts probably results in villous atrophy. Down-regulation of apoptotic inhibitors in treatment-naïve celiac disease imparts an additional pro-apoptotic effect.
Triage of Cytologic Direct Smears for Ancillary Studies: A Case-Based Illustration and Review
Authors: Roh Michael H.
Published: August 2013

In patients with advanced-stage cancer, small biopsies including fine-needle aspirates may be the only opportunity to obtain diagnostic tissue. In the current era of precision medicine, there is an increasing emphasis on the performance of ancillary molecular tests that can provide insights into prognosis and targeted chemotherapeutic options for patient management. Cytopathologists must meet this challenge by accurately diagnosing these fine-needle aspirates and ensuring that adequate material has been obtained for anticipated molecular studies. Herein, we describe a case of a fine-needle aspiration illustrating these principles, especially focusing on the utilization of direct smears for ancillary studies.
Placas cerâmicas - uma introdução
Authors: Vieira Carlos Maurício F. , Holanda José Nilson F. de , Pinatti Daltro G.
Published: August 2013

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma revisão geral sobre as principais características exigidas para a obtenção de placas cerâmicas (pisos e revestimentos). As principais rotas de processamento são discutidas. Dados de mercado são apresentados com a finalidade de mostrar a importância e a situação atual da indústria cerâmica nacional no setor de pisos e revestimentos.
Professores secundaristas na berlinda: Representações Sociais de Alunos em Foco
Authors: Costa Eduardo Antônio de Pontes
Published: August 2013

Este artigo refere-se a uma pesquisa, financiada pelo CNPq, que em conjunto com outras, nasce de uma proposta mais abrangente, integrada ao programa do Mestrado em Educação/UFPB, dentro da linha de pesquisa ensino básico. O trabalho que ora se apresenta, parte da relação psicossociológica entre alunos e professores, e busca compreender como os alunos elaboram e apreendem a representação de professor, quais os elementos que permeiam essa relação e como são usados nessa construção.
Os movimentos sociais urbanos nos anos 70 e 80: um balanço historiográfico
Authors: Duarte Luiz Cláudio
Published: August 2013

Este artigo constitui-se em um balanço historiográfico dos debates a respeito das motivações, sentidos e significações dos movimentos sociais urbanos ocorridos no Brasil nos anos 70 e 80 deste século.
Por uma visão schumpeteriana de democracia: Os argumentos críticos de Schumpeter com relação à Teoria Democrática Clássica e as bases da construção de uma nova teoria da democracia
Authors: Almeida Synthio Vieira de
Published: August 2013

Este artigo é parte de uma discussão acerca da viabilidade da construção de uma teoria e práticas democráticas no mundo contemporâneo. Schumpeter “destrói” a Teoria Democrática Clássica e “constrói” uma nova teoria da democracia que possa estar mais próxima da realidade.
Gestão democrática e partidos de massa: utopia ou realidade?
Authors: Nunes Neila Ferraz Moreira
Published: August 2013

É uma constante na Ciência política a preocupação em detectar até que ponto a direção de organizações partidárias, sindicatos e outras instituições conseguem atender às demandas e anseios de seus filiados. Os partidos políticos atuam de acordo com suas bases? A direção dos sindicatos realizam uma política concernente com seus membros? Os políticos eleitos governam de acordo com seus eleitores? Buscamos neste artigo refletir sobre estas questões e inferir sobre a possibilidade da atuação democrática nos partidos de massa, e por desdobramento em outras instituições, a partir do pensamento “elitista” em geral e em particular da obra de Robert Michels.
A história da educação através de imagens fotográficas e outras fontes complementares: Vários espelhos de um mesmo objeto
Authors: Gomes Luiz Claudio Gonçalves
Published: August 2013

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a rica possibilidade de se trabalhar a pesquisa histórica – em particular a educacional – com fontes que não somente as “tradicionais”. Referimo-nos às fontes alternativas, tais como: entrevistas com informantes, jornais de época, e fotografias que possam ser identificadas ao longo do processo de investigação. Consideramos que tal procedimento pode nos conduzir à uma visão de conjunto do fenômeno muito mais interessante que apenas uma fonte de dados conseguiria alcançar.
Mídia e poder local: o caso dos jornais “Folha da Manhã” e “O Diário” em Campos dos Goytacazes
Authors: Ribeiro Marcos Abraão Fernandes
Published: August 2013

Este artigo analisa comparativamente as capas dos jornais Folha da Manhã e O Diário veiculadas durante o processo eleitoral de 2006. Dessa forma, procuramos demonstrar como os dois maiores jornais da cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes veicularam notícias com o objetivo de influenciar na produção de capital político para os dois grupos em disputa. Analisamos os dois jornais a partir da análise de discurso francesa, pois ela nos fornece a possibilidade de apontarmos os elementos ocultos nas capas dos jornais. Conjuntamente à análise, utilizamos a teoria dos campos de Pierre Bourdieu para apontar como as notícias produzidas por Folha da Manhã e por O Diário foram veiculadas com o objetivo central de influenciar a produção de capital político para os seus respectivos grupos. Desta forma, advogamos que os jornais funcionaram durante as eleições como "partidos políticos midiáticos".
The Use and Benefits of External Memory Aids in Older and Younger Adults
Authors: Schryer Emily , Ross Michael
Published: August 2013

We examined the spontaneous use and benefits of external memory aids in older (aged 60–85 years) and younger (aged 17–31 years) adults. In Study 1, participants were or were not given the opportunity to use a memory aid in a phone message recall task. In Study 2, a memory aid was available for one of two similar tasks. Participants' spontaneous use of external memory aids was measured. On the Memory Compensation Questionnaire, older adults reported using external memory aids more frequently but were no more likely than younger adults to take notes on the messages. Older adults benefitted from the availability of notes in both studies; younger adults benefitted when the memory task was more challenging. The results illustrate the value of external memory aids and suggest that older adults may underutilize them. The findings also raise questions about the relation between self‐reported and actual use of strategies in everyday life. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐Polyphosphoester‐graft‐Paclitaxel Conjugates with Acid‐Labile Linkages as a pH‐Sensitive and Functional Nanoscopic Platform for Paclitaxel Delivery
Authors: Zou Jiong , Zhang Fuwu , Zhang Shiyi , Pollack Stephanie F. , Elsabahy Mahmoud , Fan Jingwei , Wooley Karen L.
Published: August 2013

There has been an increasing interest to develop new types of stimuli‐responsive drug delivery vehicles with high drug loading and controlled release properties for chemotherapeutics. An acid‐labile poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐polyphosphoester‐graft‐PTX drug conjugate (PEO‐b‐PPE‐g‐PTX G2) degradable, polymeric paclitaxel (PTX) conjugate containing ultra‐high levels of PTX loading is improved significantly, in this second‐generation development, which involves connection of each PTX molecule to the polymer backbone via a pH‐sensitive β‐thiopropionate linkage. The PEO‐b‐PPE‐g‐PTX G2 forms well‐defined nanoparticles in an aqueous solution, by direct dissolution into water, with a number‐averaged hydrodynamic diameter of 114 ± 31 nm, and exhibits a PTX loading capacity as high as 53 wt%, with a maximum PTX concentration of 0.68 mg mL−1 in water (vs 1.7 μg mL−1 for free PTX). The PEO‐b‐PPE‐g‐PTX G2 shows accelerated drug release under acidic conditions (≈50 wt% PTX released in 8 d) compared with neutral conditions (≈20 wt% PTX released in 8 d). Compared to previously reported polyphosphoester‐based PTX drug conjugates, PEO‐b‐PPE‐g‐PTX G1 without the β‐thiopropionate linker, the PEO‐b‐PPE‐g‐PTX G2 shows pH‐triggered drug release property and 5‐ to 8‐fold enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Crystal Data of Ternary Germanides Ln2Nb3Ge4 (Ln: Sc, Y, Gd—Er, Lu) and Sc2Ta3Ge4 with Ordered Sm5Ge4‐Type Structure.
Authors: Reker Bastian , Matar Samir F. , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Poettgen Rainer
Published: August 2013

The title compounds are synthesized by arc melting of the respective elements in stoichiometric ratios (water‐cooled Cu crucible, 700 mbar Ar).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Magnetic Phase Transitions in the AnBnO3n‐2 Anion‐Deficient Perovskites Pb2Ba2BiFe5O13 and Pb1.5Ba2.5Bi2Fe6O16.
Authors: Abakumov A. M. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2013

The new anion‐deficient perovskite‐based title ferrites are synthesized by solid state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of PbO, BaCO3, Bi2O3, and Fe2O3 (750 and 800 °C for 25 h each).
ChemInform Abstract: The Low‐Symmetry Lanthanum(III) Oxotellurate(IV), La10Te12O39.
Authors: Wang Peng Li , Mozharivskyj Yurij
Published: August 2013

Single crystals of the title compound are obtained from a 1:2 mixture of La2O3 and TeO2 in a CsCl flux (alumina crucible sealed in evacuated silica tubes, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: K(MoO2)4O3(AsO4).
Authors: Jouini Raja , Zid Mohamed Faouzi , Driss Ahmed
Published: August 2013

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of K2CO3, (NH4)2Mo4O13, and NH4H2AsO4 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Uniform Cu2Cl(OH)3 Hierarchical Microspheres: A Novel Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Adsorptive Removal from Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Wei Wei , Gao Pin , Xie Jimin , Zong Sekai , Cui Henglv , Yue Xuejie
Published: August 2013

Cu2Cl(OH)3 microspheres are obtained by freeze drying of a frozen solution of CuCl2 in EtOH/H2O (3.5:1) with a 10 fold amount of propylene oxide (12 h of stirring under ambient conditions, cooling to ‐196 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Clathrate of Type‐III Ge172‐xPxTey (y ≈ 21.5, x ≈ 2y): Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermoelectric Properties.
Authors: Kirsanova Maria A. , Mori Takao , Maruyama Satofumi , Abakumov Artem M. , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Olenev Andrei , Shevelkov Andrei V.
Published: August 2013

Ge129.3P42.7Te21.53 is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of GeP, Ge, and Te (sealed silica tubes, 953 K, 72 h, further annealing in the presence of phosphorus at 873 K, 120 h, ≈1 bar P partial pressure).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Fundamental Building Blocks and Site Dependent Isomorphism in the First Actinide Borophosphates.
Authors: Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2013

The first actinide borophosphates (VI), (VII), and (IX) are characterized by single crystal XRD, IR, and UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Quaternary Germanides RE4Mn2InGe4 (RE: La—Nd, Sm, Gd—Tm, Lu).
Authors: Oliynyk Anton O. , Stoyko Stanislav S. , Mar Arthur
Published: August 2013

Ln4Mn2InGe4 (Ln: La Nd, Sm, Gd—Tm, Lu) are prepared by arc melting of stoichiometric mixtures the elements and annealing at 800 °C (evacuated silica tubes, 12 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Zheda‐Phos for General α‐Monoarylation of Acetone with Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Li Pengbin , Lue Bo , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: August 2013

A new, readily‐available and air‐stable monophosphine ligand is developed for the general Pd‐catalyzed monoarylation of acetone (II) with a series of different functionalized aryl chlorides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of Aryl Nitriles from Benzylic Alcohols and Aqueous Ammonia.
Authors: Tao Chuanzhou , Liu Feng , Zhu Youmin , Liu Weiwei , Cao Zhiling
Published: August 2013

Efficient procedures are reported for the preparation of aryl nitriles (II) by a copper‐catalyzed ammoxidation of corresponding benzylic alcohols (I) or aldehydes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Enaminone as Building Blocks in Organic Chemistry: A Novel Route to Polyfunctionally 2‐Substituted 5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydronaphthalenes and Their Antiviral Evaluation.
Authors: Hamdy Nehal A. , El‐Senousy Waled M. , Fakhr Issa M. I.
Published: August 2013

Enaminone (III) is used as starting material for a series of syntheses.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkynylative Lactonization of Unsaturated Bicyclic Carboxylic Acids: Synthesis of Fused Polycyclic γ‐Lactone Compounds.
Authors: Sun Ning , Li Yibiao , Yin Gengming , Jiang Shaohua
Published: August 2013

The reaction tolerates a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic alkynyl bromides to afford the corresponding fused polycyclic γ‐alkynyl lactones [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized trans‐A2B2‐Porphyrins Using Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropane‐Derived Dipyrromethanes.
Authors: Beyzavi M. Hassan , Nietzold Carolin , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich , Wiehe Arno
Published: August 2013

Compound VIII is synthesized in 6 reaction steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox Chain Reaction—Indole and Pyrrole Alkylation with Unactivated Secondary Alcohols.
Authors: Han Xinping , Wu Jimmy
Published: August 2013

The authors report on a Broensted acid catalyzed version of the Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley‐Oppenauer reaction with broad functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkenes as Azido Precursors for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles Catalyzed by Copper Nanoparticles on Activated Carbon.
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Moglie Yanina , Radivoy Gabriel , Yus Miguel
Published: August 2013

The first one‐pot transformation of unactivated alkenes to 1,2,3‐triazoles including two click steps is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe(DS)3, an Efficient Lewis Acid — Surfactant Combined Catalyst (LASC) for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3‐b]chromene Derivatives by Assembling the Basic Building Blocks.
Authors: Pradhan Koyel , Paul Sanjay , Das Asish R.
Published: August 2013

The use of ferric dodecylsulfate renders possible a three‐component heteroannulation for the synthesis of the title compounds in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Tricyclic Azine Derivatives.
Authors: Elassar Abdel‐Zaher A. , Alsughayer Abdulhakeem , Al Sagheer Fakhreia
Published: August 2013

Facile syntheses of polysubstituted bispyrimidine [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Post‐Ugi Hydroarylation: An Approach to Pyrrolopyridines and Azepinoindoles.
Authors: Kumar Amit , Vachhani Dipak D. , Modha Sachin G. , Sharma Sunil K. , Parmar Virinder S. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: August 2013

An efficient intramolecular hydroarylation reaction to the corresponding title heterocycles under mild reaction conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured Metal Particles for Catalysts and Energy‐Related Materials
Authors: Boennemann Helmut , Khelashvili Guram , Hormes Josef , Kuehn Timna‐Joshua , Richter Wolf‐Juergen
Published: August 2013

Review: 352 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Concepts in Nanocatalysis
Authors: Philippot Karine , Serp Philippe
Published: August 2013

Review: 250 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Beam Epitaxial Growth and Magnetotransport Properties of GaMnAs
Authors: Sadowski Janusz , Domagala Jaroslaw Z.
Published: August 2013

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetoelasticity of BCC Fe—Ga Alloys
Authors: Petculescu Gabriela , Wu Ruqian , McQueeney Robert
Published: August 2013

Review: 124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Organic Reactions Promoted by Immobilized Chiral Catalysts in Continuous Flow Systems
Authors: Puglisi Alessandra , Benaglia Maurizio , Chiroli Valerio
Published: August 2013

Review: < 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Alcohols and Amines by Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation, Transfer Hydrogenation, and Related Processes
Authors: Bartoszewicz Agnieszka , Ahlsten Nanna , Martin‐Matute Belen
Published: August 2013

Review: 191 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Application of 4‐Hydroxycoumarin in Multi‐Component Reactions
Authors: Ziarani Ghodsi Mohammadi , Hajiabbasi Parvin
Published: August 2013

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminocatalytic Remote Functionalization Strategies
Authors: Jiang Hoa , Albrecht Lukasz , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: August 2013

Review: < 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteroarenes as High Performance Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Jiang Wei , Li Yan , Wang Zhaohui
Published: August 2013

Review: 76 refs.
A Fluorous Proline Organocatalyst with Acetone‐Dependent Aldolase Behavior
Authors: Miranda Pedro O. , Llanes Patricia , Torkian Laleh , Pericàs Miquel A.
Published: August 2013

A polyfluoroalkyl derivative of 4‐hydroxyproline, assembled through a 1,2,3‐triazole linker (i.e., 7), displays high catalytic activity and enantioselectivity in aldol reactions of acetone with aromatic aldehydes featuring electron‐withdrawing groups. The scope of the reaction with respect to the aldehyde acceptor can be expanded with the use of a bifunctional urea cocatalyst. The presence of the fluorous tag allows the aldol reactions to be performed in a perfluorohexane/acetone biphasic system. In this way, both the catalyst and the perfluorinated solvent can be easily recycled and reused (>6 times). In addition, the combination of the fluorous tag, triazole linker, and catalytic proline unit confers unprecedented substrate specificity for acetone upon 7.
Transforming growth factor‐β1 primes proliferating adult neural progenitor cells to electrophysiological functionality
Authors: Kraus Sabrina , Lehner Bernadette , Reichhart Nadine , Couillard‐Despres Sebastien , Wagner Katrin , Bogdahn Ulrich , Aigner Ludwig , Strauß Olaf
Published: August 2013

The differentiation of adult neural progenitors (NPCs) into functional neurons is still a limiting factor in the neural stem cell field but mandatory for the potential use of NPCs in therapeutic approaches. Neuronal function requires the appropriate electrophysiological properties. Here, we demonstrate that priming of NPCs using transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 under conditions that usually favor NPCs' proliferation induces electrophysiological neuronal properties in adult NPCs. Gene chip array analyses revealed upregulation of voltage‐dependent ion channel subunits (Kcnd3, Scn1b, Cacng4, and Accn1), neurotransmitters, and synaptic proteins (Cadps, Snap25, Grik4, Gria3, Syngr3, and Gria4) as well as other neuronal proteins (doublecortin [DCX], Nrxn1, Sept8, and Als2cr3). Patch‐clamp analysis demonstrated that control‐treated cells expressed only voltage‐dependent K+‐channels of the delayed‐rectifier type and the A‐type channels. TGF‐β1‐treated cells possessed more negative resting potentials than nontreated cells owing to the presence of delayed‐rectifier and inward‐rectifier channels. Furthermore, TGF‐β1‐treated cells expressed voltage‐dependent, TTX‐sensitive Na+ channels, which showed increasing current density with TGF‐β1 treatment duration and voltage‐dependent (+)BayK8644‐sensitive L‐Type Ca2+ channels. In contrast to nontreated cells, TGF‐β1‐treated cells responded to current injections with action‐potentials in the current‐clamp mode. Furthermore, TGF‐β1‐treated cells responded to application of GABA with an increase in membrane conductance and showed spontaneous synaptic currents that were blocked by the GABA‐receptor antagonist picrotoxine. Only NPCs, which were treated with TGF‐β1, showed Na+ channel currents, action potentials, and GABAergic currents. In summary, stimulation of NPCs by TGF‐β1 fosters a functional neuronal phenotype, which will be of relevance for future cell replacement strategies in neurodegenerative diseases or acute CNS lesions. GLIA 2013;61:1767–1783
Impacts of VIIRS SDR performance on ocean color products
Authors: Wang Menghua , Liu Xiaoming , Tan Liqin , Jiang Lide , Son SeungHyun , Shi Wei , Rausch Kameron , Voss Kenneth
Published: August 2013

One of the primary goals for the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership is to provide the science and user communities with the data continuity of the Environmental Data Records (EDR) (or Level‐2 products) over global oceanic waters for various research and applications, including assessment of climatic and environmental variations. The ocean color EDR is one of the most important products derived from VIIRS. Since ocean color EDR is processed from the upstream Sensor Data Records (SDR) (or Level‐1B data), the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the SDR on the VIIRS ocean color EDR. The quality of the SDR relies on prelaunch sensor characterizations as well as on‐orbit radiometric calibrations, which are used to develop the sensor F‐factor lookup tables (F‐LUTs). VIIRS F‐LUTs derived from solar and lunar calibrations have been used in processing data from the VIIRS Raw Data Records (or Level‐0 data) to SDR. In this study, three sets of F‐LUTs with different generation schemes have been used to reprocess the SDR and then the ocean color EDR for product evaluations. VIIRS ocean color products are compared with in situ data from the Marine Optical Buoy and products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the satellite Aqua. It is found that the data quality of VIIRS operational ocean color products before 6 February 2012 is poor due to the inappropriate use of the at‐launch F‐LUTs for the SDR calibration, and that the recently updated VIIRS F‐LUTs have significantly improved the SDR and ocean color EDR. Using reprocessed SDR with updated F‐LUTs and including vicarious calibration, VIIRS ocean color EDR products are consistent with those from MODIS‐Aqua in global deep waters. Although there are still some significant issues with VIIRS ocean color EDR, e.g., poor data quality over coastal regions, our results demonstrate that VIIRS has great potential to provide the science and user communities with consistently high‐quality global ocean color data records that are established from heritage ocean color sensors such as MODIS‐Aqua.
Quantitative profiling and identification of differentially expressed plasma proteins in friedreich's ataxia
Authors: Swarup Vishnu , Srivastava Achal K. , Padma Madakasira V. , Rajeswari Moganty R.
Published: August 2013

Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive ataxia, characterized by progressive gait ataxia, limb ataxia, dysarthria, and areflexia associated with diabetes and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The primary cause of FRDA is the presence of expanded DNA triplet (GAA) repeats in the first intron of the fxn gene on chromosome 9q13. The expanded DNA repeats in fxn inhibit expression of the protein frataxin, which leads to neuronal degeneration. The aim of the study was to identify differentially expressed plasma proteins in FRDA patients for their diagnostic/prognostic applications. Clinically suspected FRDA patients (n = 42) were assessed on the International Co‐Operative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS), and genetic confirmation was performed by analyzing (GAA) repeats via PCR. Eighteen patients were confirmed to be homozygous for FRDA, with ICARS scores of 40 ± 8. Plasma proteomics of homozygous FRDA patients and age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls was done using two‐dimensional difference in‐gel electrophoresis and LC‐MS/MS. Quantitative proteomic analysis (fold change ≥1.5; P < 0.05) revealed 13 differentially expressed protein spots. These proteins were found to be associated with neuropathy (α1‐antitrypsin), ataxia (apolipoprotein A‐I), oxidative stress (albumin), altered lipid metabolism (apolipoprotein C‐II, C‐III), etc. Further investigations of these differentially expressed proteins can aid in identifying prognostic/diagnostic markers for FRDA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.