bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell‐type‐specific mRNA m6A landscape and regulatory mechanisms underlying pulmonary injury in COVID‐19
Authors: Zhang Peidong , Wang Zhe , Yang Yuling , Duan Songqi , Dou Shengqian , Sun Huiying , Zhang Chi , Li Xueying , Li Jinpeng , Liu Yakun , Sang Mengmeng , Lv Xueqi , Zhang Tianli , Chen Chunxiao , Gong Fengcongzhe , Ping Xiaorui , Xing Wenlu , Ju Wenhao , Ping Yi , Sun Baofa
Published: August 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has caused millions of deaths. The risk of COVID‐19 spreading still exists after the deconfinement act, Omicron became the dominant variant. Although N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) regulators has been reported to affect the pathogenicity of COVID‐19, their mechanism in the progression of lung injury in COVID‐19 patients remain elusive. Here we show the landscape and specific mechanisms of m6A regulators in lung tissues through single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA‐Seq) data sets of 116,252 cells, and the external validation was performed using data from another snRNA‐Seq data. The m6A reader IGF2BP2 was specifically upregulated in alveolar type I (AT1) cells, resulting in impaired lung regeneration. ALKBH5 expression upregulation in macrophages, impairing immune responses. Moreover, WTAP markedly upregulated in fibroblasts, leading to pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, m6A regulators dysregulation induced aberrant cell–cell communication in pulmonary tissue and mediated ligand–receptor interactions across diverse cell types in lung tissues by activating the TGF‐β signaling pathway. Overall, these results indicated that the upregulation of m6A regulators in alveolar cells, myeloid cells, and fibroblasts may induce pulmonary injury in patients. The development of m6A‐regulator inhibitors could be as one potential antifibrotic drugs for COVID‐19.
A Natural Chalcone Cardamonin Inhibited Transformation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Through Binding to the Receptor Competitively
Authors: Zhang Tianshun , He Chao , Ota Shieru , Kitakaze Tomoya , Yamaji Ryoichi , Shimazu Sayuri , Yamashita Yoko , Ashida Hitoshi
Published: August 2024

Scope

Chalcones are widely present in most plants and have various health beneficial functions. This study investigates the suppressive effect of 13 natural and synthetic chalcones on transformation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) induced by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) and 3‐methylcholanthrene (3‐MC) in a cell‐free system, Hepa‐1c1c7 cells, and liver of ICR mice.

Methods and results

In the cell‐free system, cardamonin dose‐dependently inhibits AhR transformation. Chalcones with substitution on 2′ and/or 6′ position is important for the suppressive effect, while the substitution on 4′ position is negatively for the effect. Moreover, cardamonin and 2′‐hydroxychalcone competitively inhibit the binding of [3H]‐3‐MC to the AhR. In Hepa‐1c1c7 cells, cardamonin inhibits AhR transformation and expression of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) in a dose‐dependent manner through suppressing TCDD‐induced phosphorylation of both AhR and AhR nuclear translocator, heterodimerization of them, and nuclear translocation of AhR. In the liver of mice, oral administered cardamonin also inhibits 3‐MC‐induced AhR translocation and expression of CYP1A1.

Conclusion

Among used chalcones, a natural chalcone cardamonin competitively binds to AhR and suppresses its transformation. Thus, cardamonin is an effective food factor for suppression of the dioxin‐caused biochemical alterations and toxicities.
Ensemble learning‐based pretreatment MRI radiomic model for distinguishing intracranial extraventricular ependymoma from glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: He Haoling , Long Qianyan , Li Liyan , Fu Yan , Wang Xueying , Qin Yuhong , Jiang Muliang , Tan Zeming , Yi Xiaoping , Chen Bihong T.
Published: August 2024

This study aims to develop an ensemble learning (EL) method based on magnetic resonance (MR) radiomic features to preoperatively differentiate intracranial extraventricular ependymoma (IEE) from glioblastoma (GBM). This retrospective study enrolled patients with histopathologically confirmed IEE and GBM from June 2016 to June 2021. Radiomics features were extracted from T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) sequence images, and classification models were constructed using EL methods and logistic regression (LR). The efficiency of the models was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. The combined EL model, based on clinical parameters and radiomic features from T1WI and T2WI images, demonstrated good discriminative ability, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95% CI 0.94–0.98), a specificity of 0.84, an accuracy of 0.92, and a sensitivity of 0.95 in the training set, and an AUC of 0.89 (95% CI 0.83–0.94), a specificity of 0.83, an accuracy of 0.81, and a sensitivity of 0.74 in the validation set. The discriminative efficacy of the EL model was significantly higher than that of the LR model. Favorable calibration performance and clinical applicability for the EL model were observed. The EL model combining preoperative MR‐based tumor radiomics and clinical data showed high accuracy and sensitivity in differentiating IEE from GBM preoperatively, which may potentially assist in clinical management of these brain tumors.
Cashew tree gum exudate as a biopolymer electrolyte: The influence of glycerol plasticization
Authors: Anyaogu I. D. , Nwanya A. C. , Ezema F. I. , Ejikeme P. M.
Published: August 2024

Gel polymer electrolytes were produced using cashew tree gum exudate dissolved in water with varying glycerol proportions and cast as films with different degrees of plasticization. The films' electrical, dielectric, and ion transport properties were measured using electrochemical impedance spectra. The films exhibited non‐Debye character manifesting a distribution of relaxation times. The conductivity of the films increased up to 10−6 Scm−1 at 10% glycerol content. The relaxation time and diffusion coefficient values varied from 6.48 × 10−3 to 3.9110−5 s and 9.89 × 10−8 to 1.81 × 10−3 cm2s−1, respectively. The ion mobility ranged from 3.79 × 10−13 to 6.98 × 10−9 cm2v−1 s−1, and the number density ranged from 1.74 × 1021 to 1.60 × 1023 cm−3. Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis revealed the presence of several elements, primarily Ca, Ba, Na, and K. The constitution and morphology of the films were further examined using FTIR, and XRD, techniques.
Improving interactions at the electrochromic polymer‐transparent oxide electrode interface using alkyl phosphonic acid modifiers
Authors: Johnson Keith E. , Shen D. Eric , Reynolds John R. , Dyer Aubrey L
Published: August 2024

As new synthetic methods for the preparation of solution processable electrochromic polymers are explored, including increasing synthetic scale beyond that of the research laboratory, it is expected that polymer intermolecular and intramolecular interactions will be affected. In this study, we explore the use of four different alkyl phosphonic acids of differing chain lengths as an interfacial treatment on ITO transparent electrodes to improve the polymer‐electrode interactions to mitigate the loss of film integrity and resulting electrochromic properties (current density, optical properties, and effective switch rates) during repeated oxidation/reduction and swelling/deswelling of the film. It was found that the phosphonic acid layer allows for a compatibilization of the polarity of the electrode surface with the polymer layer while also improving surface energy uniformity. We evaluated two electrochromic polymers (ECPs), and while a near complete delamination was observed on untreated ITO, film integrity was maintained beyond 25 repeated cycles, with polymer optical contrast maintained at all switching rates when coated onto dodecylphosphonic acid. Additionally, we show that electrochromic polymer film integrity is maintained over a range of film thicknesses. This method can be extended to applications using a variety of solution processable electroactive polymers in contact with metal oxide surfaces.
Fabrication of transparent glass fabric‐reinforced thermoplastic composite based on tow‐spreading technique
Authors: Jiang Lin , Jiang Shengkun , Liu Hang , Cao Shuai , Ji Tianqi , Huang Zhengqiang , Li Jiquan , Geng Tie , Wu Haihong
Published: August 2024

Highly transparent and mechanically robust thermoplastic composites have been developed by hot‐pressing PETG with E‐glass fabrics. The tow‐spreading technique facilitates the reduction of internal defects and fiber crimp angle in the composites, thereby significantly improving their optical and mechanical properties. The optimized composite containing 55.1 vol% glass fibers and 0.4 mm thickness has a high transmittance of 86.1%@616 nm and a low overall haze of 7.2%. Moreover, the 1 mm thick composites exhibit tensile strength of up to 340 MPa and impact strength of up to 86.3 kJ/m2. After 28 days of hygrothermal or UV aging, the composites show minimal changes in their glass transition temperature and thermal degradation temperature. The chemical structure also remains unchanged, with no observed crystallization. In comparison to UV aging, the composites demonstrate better resistance against hygrothermal aging. Specifically, the hygrothermal aged sample displayed a light transmittance retention rate of 93.5% and a bending strength retention rate of 94.3%, while these values were reduced to 73.3% and 90.5%, respectively, in the UV aged sample. The opto‐mechanical properties enhanced mechanism and aging degradation mechanism have been identified by microscopic morphological observation. This work provides an innovative and straightforward approach to fabricate transparent, recyclable, high‐strength thermoplastic composites.

Highlights

Highly transparent, mechanically robust, recyclable glass‐fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites are fabricated.

Composites with spread‐tow fabrics exhibits improved transparency.

The fabrication route is scalable and cost‐effective.

The mechanism for opto‐mechanical properties enhancement are proposed.
Optical, thermal, and electrical characteristics of cashew gum/Polypyrrole/zinc oxide nanocomposites for next‐gen optoelectronics
Authors: Kalladi Ayisha Jemshiya , Jayan Soorya , Ramesan M. T.
Published: August 2024

In this electronic era, there is a demand to switch from conventional polymers to conducting biopolymers. We developed conducting biopolymer nanocomposites of cashew gum (CG) and polypyrrole (PPy) with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofillers [CG/PPy/ZnO] via in‐situ oxidative polymerization using a sustainable solvent. These nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR signal at 855 cm−1 confirms the successful inclusion of ZnO nanofillers into the biopolymer. UV–vis absorption of the blend nanocomposite increases with the nanoparticle doses. Among the various blend nanocomposites, the least bandgap energy was observed for 7 wt% ZnO loading. FE‐SEM revealed homogeneous dispersion of ZnO nanofillers in the CG/PPy blend at 7 wt% ZnO. TGA and DSC demonstrated that the CG/PPy/ZnO nanocomposites have better thermal stability and glass transition temperature than the pure polymer blend, indicating enhanced thermal properties. The CG/PPy/7 wt% ZnO showed the highest conductivity, 4.62 times greater than the pristine blend at 100 Hz. Dielectric constant, activation energy, AC conductivity and dielectric loss measurements demonstrated that the nanocomposites outperformed the pure polymer blend. Complex impedance analysis revealed increased impedance with rising temperature. Overall, CG/PPy/ZnO nanocomposites exhibit superior optical, morphological, thermal, electrical, and dielectric properties, making them promising for energy storage and optoelectronic applications.

Highlights

Ecofriendly synthesis of CG/PPy/ZnO nanocomposites

Enhancement in optical, structural, and thermal properties of CG/PPy/ZnO

Dielectric properties and temperature‐dependent AC conductivity are summarized.

Blend nanocomposite shows higher AC conductivity and dielectric constant

CG/PPy/ZnO nanocomposites are suitable for energy storage applications
Influence of lay‐up sequences on cylindrical parts drawability of CFRP laminates
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Jia Xuexue , Xue Wenkai , Wang Ting , Jia Hongjie , Ren Mingwen
Published: August 2024

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) is one of the ideal materials in the field of automotive lightweight. As one of the traditional manufacturing processes of CFRP, autoclave process has long production time, high cost and complicated operation. To overcome these shortcomings, deep drawing can be used for CFRP forming. It has the advantages of stable product quality, good repeatability, low cost, simple operation and can produce parts with complex shapes. In this paper, the influence of lay‐up sequences on the drawability of cylindrical parts was studied by using self‐made deep drawing device. The results showed that among the four lay‐up sequences [0]°12, [0/90]°6, [0/90/45/‐45/90/0]°S and [15/30/……/180]°, the [15/30/……/180]° lay‐up parts had excellent deformation coordination ability due to less angular variation in the fiber direction, and the maximum depth of 21.99 mm could be obtained. Due to the influence of wrinkles, the thickness of [15/30/……/180]° parts increased at the die corner and side wall. The thickness decreased at the flange, punch corner and bottom due to the compressive pressure. In addition, [15/30/……/180]° lay‐up parts benefited from the high level of in‐plane isotropy of the helicoidal structure, it had the fewest forming defects. The resin poor areas and resin rich areas were less and no fiber cracks were found.

Highlights

Investigated the influence of lay‐up sequences on the drawability of CFRP.

The forming depth of [15/30/……/180]° parts was 21.99 mm.

[15/30/……/180]° lay‐up parts had the best drawability.

No cracks were found on the [15/30/……/180]° part.
In Memoriam: The Life and Scientific Accomplishments of Frank A. L. Anet (1926–2024)
Authors: Freedberg Darón I. , Hud Nicholas V. , Kopelevich Max , O'Leary Daniel J. , Strouse Jane
Published: August 2024

A memorial tribute detailing the life and scientific accomplishments of Frank A. L. Anet, a pioneer of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy who discovered bedrock principles in organic chemistry and magnetic resonance. He was the first to show that nuclear Overhauser effects could provide structural information, significantly impacting future NMR applications. In the 1960s and 1970s, he built entire multinuclear NMR spectrometers operating as high as 396 MHz for protons, detecting nuclei inaccessible to commercial instruments, and operating at very low temperatures for studying molecular structure and dynamics. A titan of physical organic chemistry, Frank made important contributions in the areas of conformational analysis, stereochemistry, isotope effects, NMR relaxation theory, and chemical origins of life.
Supraventricular tachycardia diagnosis in asthma patients is associated with adverse health outcomes
Authors: Markus Havell , Ceneviva Gary D. , Thomas Neal J. , Krawiec Conrad
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) can occur during treatment of an acute asthma exacerbation. There are, however, no data on the long‐term outcomes of children who are diagnosed with both asthma and SVT. This study aims to analyze the impact of SVT in asthmatic children on mortality and/or cardiac arrest, hypothesizing asthmatic subjects with SVT have increased mortality and/or cardiac arrest compared to asthmatic subject with no‐SVT.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study, utilizing the TriNetX© electronic health record (EHR) database that included asthmatic subjects 2–18 years of age. The study population was divided into two groups (subjects with SVT diagnosis and no‐SVT diagnosis). Data related to demographics, diagnostic, procedural, and medication codes were collected. The primary outcome was any death and/or cardiac arrest in a patient after the first asthma diagnosis date.

Results

This study included 91,066 asthmatic subjects (244 [0.27%] with SVT and 90,822 [99.73%] with no‐SVT). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that after controlling for demographic and clinical features, the odds of all‐cause death and/or cardiac arrest after the first reported asthma exacerbation was significantly higher in asthmatic children with SVT compared to no‐SVT (odds ratio [OR]: 4.30, confidence interval [CI]: 2.50–7.39, p < .001).

Conclusions

Our large nationwide EHR study suggests that asthmatic pediatric patients with documented SVT diagnosis at any point in their EHR may be at increased risk of adverse health outcomes compared to no‐SVT. Further studies are needed to determine the factors contributing to the increased risk of mortality and/or cardiac arrest in children with asthma and SVT.
Internal mobility of international migrants in Europe: A critical literature review and research agenda
Authors: Wachter Gusta G. , Hornstra Maaike
Published: August 2024

This paper reviews the literature on the internal mobility of international migrants and their descendants in Europe from an interdisciplinary perspective. Europe is becoming increasingly diverse. Where international migrants live and move to after arriving in their destination country influences both individual life courses and macro‐level population compositions. So far, a comprehensive overview of internal mobility patterns and drivers among migrants is missing. The aim of this paper is threefold: first, to discuss the development of the field across disciplines; second, to present and reflect on the current state of knowledge of internal mobility of migrants in Europe, and third, to conclude by setting an agenda for future research. This paper stresses the importance of studying the internal mobility of migrant populations over their life courses, testing theories across migrant generations, doing more justice to population diversity, strengthening the link between the literature on internal and international migration, and finally, emphasises the need for comparative research.
A stacking ensemble machine learning model for evaluating cardiac toxicity of drugs based on in silico biomarkers
Authors: Fuadah Yunendah Nur , Qauli Ali Ikhsanul , Pramudito Muhammad Adnan , Marcellinus Aroli , Hanum Ulfa Latifa , Lim Ki Moo
Published: August 2024

This study addresses the critical issue of drug‐induced torsades de pointes (TdP) risk assessment, a vital aspect of new drug development due to its association with arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Existing methodologies, particularly those reliant on a single biomarker derived from CiPA O'Hara‐Rudy (CiPAORdv1.0) ventricular cell model without the hERG dynamic as input to the individual machine learning model, have limitations in capturing the complexity inherent in the comprehensive range of factors influencing drug‐induced TdP risk. This study aims to overcome these limitations by proposing a stacking ensemble machine learning approach by integrating multiple in silico biomarkers derived from the CiPAORdv1.0 with hERG dynamic characteristics. The ensemble machine learning model consisted of three artificial neural network (ANN) models as baseline model and support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models as meta‐classifier. The highest AUC score of 1.00 (0.90–1.00) for high risk, 0.97 (0.84–1.00) for intermediate risk, and 1.00 (0.87–1.00) for low risk were obtained using seven biomarkers derived from the CiPAORdv1.0 with hERG dynamic characteristics. Furthering our investigation, we explored the model's robustness by incorporating interindividual variability into the generation of in silico biomarkers from a population of human ventricular cell models. This study also enabled an analysis of TdP risk classification under high clinical exposure and therapeutic scenarios for several drugs. Additionally, from a sensitivity analysis, we revealed four important ion channels, namely, CaL, NaL, Na, and Kr channels that affect significantly the important biomarkers for TdP risk prediction.
Investigation of the Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of ZnO/4‐Amino‐2‐Methylquinoline p–n Heterojunction by Spin‐Coating Method
Authors: Demir Ramazan
Published: August 2024

A p–n heterojunction diode is fabricated using a p‐type 4‐amino‐2‐methylquinoline (C10H10N2) on an n‐type ZnO film and its structural, optical, and electrical properties are investigated. First, a ZnO thin film is prepared on an ITO substrate by spin coating. Subsequently, this ZnO film is coated with a C10H10N2 film using the same method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–vis spectroscopy, and current–voltage measurements are carried out on the prepared films. According to the XRD result, sharp peaks at 320.081, 340.488, and 360.548 are observed in the hexagonal phase of ZnO. At these angles, grain sizes of 15.308, 15.179, and 13.715 nm are calculated. The absorption peaks of electronic transitions π→π*, n→π*, and d→d* in the ZnO/C10H10N2 heterojunction film are observed. From the IV diagram, it can be seen that the heterojunction structure has a diode characteristic. From the IV data, the rectification factor is calculated to be 6.59 and its graph is drawn. With the Cheung method, ideality factor (n) = 2.87, series resistance (RS) = 1 MΩ, and shunt resistance (RSh) = 5 kΩ are found.
Advantages of Ultrathin AlN/GaN/AlN Quantum Wells for Excitonic Population Distribution and Transition Features Studied by Phononic–Excitonic–Radiative Model
Authors: Chizaki Masaya , Ishitani Yoshihiro
Published: August 2024

Excitons are expected to be a high‐efficiency emission source in UV light‐emitting devices. However, the damping of the excitonic laser oscillation has been reported under conditions where the excitonic states are expected to be populated in the conventional theory. In order to understand the exciton dynamics under the thermal nonequilibrium state, a theoretical model including various energy species in semiconductors such as electrons, phonons, and photons is required. Herein, a 2D phononic–excitonic–radiative model is constructed to analyze the exciton dynamics in a 2D system. 2D excitons with four principal quantum number states and the continuum in the lowest energy level of the AlN/GaN/AlN quantum wells are considered. It is found that the 2D phonon significantly augments the excitation transition rate. When the high recombination rate corresponding to stimulated emission is considered, the exciton binding energy of 108 meV is not enough to reduce the population in the high‐order discreet states and the continuum states, while the binding energy of 215 meV corresponding to the one monolayer GaN has an advantage of reducing these populations. The analysis of population flux has an advantage in discussing the increase in the kinetic energy transfer to the 1S exciton.
Modulation of the Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of VO2 by Doping with X (X = Be, Mg, Al, Ga)
Authors: Zhao Dengrui , Wei Dong , Guo Gaofu , Yu Heng , Wei Yifei , Ma Yaqiang , Tang Yanan , Dai Xianqi
Published: August 2024

Monoclinic VO2, a semiconductor with a narrow bandgap, is highly suitable for infrared (IR) spectrum utilization. The electrical and optical properties of VO2 doped with X are thoroughly examined. Specifically, Mg doping decreases the formation of V–V dimers. The presence of the 3d orbitals of the V atoms and the 2s orbital of the Mg atom leads to a decrease in the bandgap. This leads to an absorption peak of 104 in the mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) range, resulting in an optical absorption that is approximately ten times greater than that of pure VO2. As a result, it becomes simpler to detect. Notably, the responsiveness of the system doped with Mg to IR light increases. VO2 significantly increases the photocurrent density, with a 1000‐fold increase in the mid‐IR region and a tenfold increase in the near‐IR region. This finding provides a theoretical basis for empirically exploring VO2 in IR technology.
Birefringent Spin‐Photon Interface Generates Polarization Entanglement
Authors: Leppenen Nikita , Smirnov Dmitry S.
Published: August 2024

A spin‐photon interface based on the luminescence of a singly charged quantum dot in a micropillar cavity allows for the creation of photonic entangled states. Current devices suffer from cavity birefringence, which limits the generation of spin‐photon entanglement. In this study, we conduct a theoretical analysis of the light absorption and emission by the interface with an anisotropic cavity and derive the maximal excitation and spin‐photon entanglement conditions. It is shown that the concurrence of the spin‐photon state equal to one and complete quantum dot population inversion can be reached for a micropillar cavity with any degree of birefringence by tuning the quantum dot resonance strictly between the cavity modes. This sweet spot is also valid for generating a multiphoton cluster state, as demonstrated by calculating the three‐tangle and fidelity with the maximally entangled state.
Purity and Construction of Arbitrary Dimensional k$k$‐Uniform Mixed States
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Pang Shanqi , Fei Shao‐Ming , Zheng Zhu‐Jun
Published: August 2024

k‐uniform mixed states are a significant class of states characterized by all k‐party reduced states being maximally mixed.Novel methodologies are constructed for constructing k‐uniform mixed states with the highest possible purity. By using the orthogonal partition of orthogonal arrays, a series of new k‐uniform mixed states is derived. Consequently, an infinite number of higher‐dimensional k‐uniform mixed states, including those with highest purity, can be generated.
Integrated network pharmacology and GC–MS‐based metabolomics to investigate the chemical profile and efficacy of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and its processed products
Authors: Li Wenyu , Wei Jinhuan , Tian Xi , Zhang Huiyi , Yang Mengxin , Niu Yukun , Zhang Qian , Wang Nan , Jin Yiran , Du Yingfeng
Published: August 2024

Rationale

Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) has been a frequently utilized traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for an extended period, with its salt‐processed variant being a prevalent application form. Contemporary pharmacological investigations have demonstrated that the salt‐processed iteration exhibits a multitude of markedly augmented pharmacological properties. However, whether the pharmacodynamic material basis of this change is related to volatile substances remains unclear. The aim of this study was to develop a strategy to screen volatile pharmacodynamic substances in AR and salt‐processed AR (SAR).

Methods

A comprehensive approach was developed to identify volatile pharmacodynamic compounds by integrating plant metabolomics, target network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology. Plant metabolomics using GC–MS analysis was conducted to identify volatile chemical markers distinguishing between AR and SAR. Subsequently, network pharmacology was utilized to investigate the correlation between chemical markers and associated diseases. Following this, molecular docking technology was utilized to explore the correlation between chemical markers and disease targets, resulting in the discovery of potential quality control markers.

Results

Fifty volatile compounds were isolated and identified in the salt of AR and SAR. The findings from plant metabolomics analysis demonstrated a distinct differentiation, revealing 13 volatile chemical markers that distinguish between AR and SAR. A target (PPARG) associated with diabetes was identified through target network pharmacology analysis. Thirteen volatile components were subsequently chosen as potential quality markers, taking into account their hypoglycemic activity.

Conclusions

The method developed provides a novel strategy for the identification of pharmacophores in AR and SAR, as well as establishing a foundation for the exploration of the volatile differential components and pharmacodynamics in various processed products of TCMs. Additionally, the findings of this study can serve as a theoretical framework for the development and utilization of volatile components in AR and its processed derivatives.
Flexoelectricity, Triboelectricity, and Free Interfacial Charges
Authors: Marks L. D. , Olson K. P.
Published: August 2024

Triboelectricity has been a topic of some confusion for many years, probably because it is very diverse and some of the fundamental science has not been clear. This is now starting to change. A few years ago, the importance of flexoelectricity at asperities is pointed out. That paper exploited the established physics of compensation of bound surface or interfacial charges without going into detail. The purpose of this paper is to expand further on this, mapping from the established physics of electrostatics with contact potentials and Maxwell's displacement field to the underlying fundamentals of charge transfer in triboelectricity. Examples from the published literature are used to illustrate this. In the discussion, some of the open questions and challenges to the community are mentioned.
Anomalous Proton Blocking Property of Pore‐Free Graphene Oxide Membrane
Authors: Tsugawa Tatsuki , Hatakeyama Kazuto , Koinuma Michio , Moriyama Norihiro , Ida Shintaro
Published: August 2024

Graphene oxide (GO) has been attracting intensive attention as a flexible barrier film, however, provides no barrier for proton transfer due to its out‐of‐plane proton conductivity (10−6 S cm−1) based on nanoscale defects with oxygen functional groups. In this study, it is reported that a pore‐free GO (Pf‐GO) membrane with controlled oxygen functional groups exhibits unexpected proton blocking behavior (10−11 S cm−1). Proton permeation tests conducted in aqueous solution demonstrate that proton permeation is below the detection limit, and lithium metal foils coated with the Pf‐GO show higher chemical stability to water than those coated with previously reported GO. The Pf‐GO has periodic honeycomb atomic structure, which is found to impart the Pf‐GO membrane with novel performance characteristics distinct from those of conventional GO.
A Simple Binary Supramolecular Co‐Assembly Platform for Enhanced Tumor Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Huang Yifan , Chen Cheng , Yu Zian , Cao Wei , Peng Shengjie , Zhang Guangtao , Zhang Qianzijing , Zhang Guozhen , Jiang Jun , Yuan Yue
Published: August 2024

The primary challenges in tumor imaging and therapy revolve around improving targeting efficiency, enhancing probe/drug delivery efficacy, and minimizing off‐target signals and toxicity. Although various carriers have been developed, many are difficult to synthesize, costly, and not universally applicable. Furthermore, numerous carriers exhibit limited delivery rates in solid tumors, particularly larger nanocarriers. To address these challenges, a simple binary co‐assembly drug delivery platform has been designed using the readily synthesized small molecule Cys(SEt)‐Lys‐CBT (CKCBT) as the self‐assembly building block. CKCBT can effectively penetrate tumor cells due to its positively charged Lys side chain and small size. Upon glutathione reduction, CKCBT co‐assembles with Nile red or Chlorin e6 to form nanofibers inside tumor cells. This enables their specific accumulation in tumor cells rather than normal cells and extends their exposure time, resulting in precise and enhanced tumor imaging and treatment. Hence, this uncomplicated and highly efficient binary co‐assembly drug delivery platform can be easily adapted to a broad spectrum of probes and drugs, presenting a novel approach for advancing clinical diagnosis and therapy.
Octanuclear Zinc Clusters in Microporous Organic Polymers: Network‐Enhanced Reductive CO2 Fixation to Formamides at Room Temperature
Authors: Jang June Young , Lee Gang Min , Kim Yoon Kee , Lee Sang Moon , Kim Hae Jin , Lee Gayoung , Ko Kyoung Chul , Son Seung Uk
Published: August 2024

A building block containing eight zincs and eight iodo groups (8 Zn) is obtained by the Zn complexation of a salen ligand bearing two additional hydroxy groups. Through the Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling of 8 Zn with 1,3,5,7‐tetra(4‐ethynylphenyl) adamantane, microporous organic polymers bearing octanuclear zinc clusters (MOP‐8 Zn) are prepared, exhibiting a high surface area of 562 m2 g−1, microporosity, and a particulate morphology with an average diameter of 249 nm. The MOP‐8 Zn exhibits significantly enhanced catalytic performance, compared to molecular counterparts, in the reductive carbon dioxide fixation to formamides, possibly due to the cooperative adsorption and confinement effect of networks on substrates.
Low‐Cost, Scalable Fabrication of Multi‐Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Assisted by Mechanical Scribing
Authors: Lee Hock Beng , Mohamed Asmaa , Kumar Neetesh , Zain Karimy Nurfatin Hafizah , Satale Vinayak Vitthal , Tyagi Barkha , Kim Do‐Hyung , Kang Jae‐Wook
Published: August 2024

The performance and scalability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on 3D formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) absorber are often hindered by defects at the surface and grain boundaries of the perovskite. To address this, the study demonstrates the use of pyrrolidinium iodide for the in situ formation of an energetically aligned 1D pyrrolidinium lead triiodide (PyPbI3) capping layer over the 3D FAbI3 perovskite. The thermodynamically stable PyPbI3 perovskitoids, formed through cation exchange reactions, effectively reduce surface and grain boundary defects in the FAPbI3 perovskite. In addition to improved phase stability, the resulting 1D/3D perovskite film forms a cascade energy band alignment with the other functional layers in PSCs, enabling a barrier‐free interfacial charge transport. With a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈23.1% and ≈20.7% at active areas of 0.09 and 1.05 cm2, respectively, the 1D/3D PSCs demonstrate excellent performance and scalability. Leveraging this improved scalability, the study has successfully developed a mechanically‐scribed 1D/3D perovskite mini‐module with an unprecedentedly high PCE of ≈20.6% and a total power output of ≈270 mW at an active area of ≈13.0 cm2. The 1D/3D multi‐dimensional perovskite film developed herein holds great promise for producing low‐cost, high‐performance perovskite photovoltaics at both the cell and module levels.
Investigation of Grain Growth in Chalcopyrite CuInS2 Photoelectrodes Synthesized under Wet Chemical Conditions for Bias‐Free Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Chae Sang Youn , Yoon Noyoung , Jun Minki , Hur Sung Hyun , Lee Myeongjae , Kim BongSoo , Kim Jin Young , Park Eun Duck , Park Jong Hyeok , Joo Oh Shim
Published: August 2024

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells offer a promising method for producing green hydrogen through the splitting of water using solar energy. However, the cost‐effective synthesis of highly crystalline p‐type semiconductor materials for PEC cells remains a significant challenge for industrial applications. Herein, a CuInS2 photoelectrode is fabricated using a scalable and economical wet chemical spin‐coating technique. To enhance the crystallinity and photoelectrochemical activity of the photoelectrode, the grain size is precisely controlled by adjusting the atomic ratio, thickness, morphology, and Ag doping. Evaluating a novel growth mechanism of CuInS2 from Cu–In–O reveals that Ag doping significantly promotes grain growth. Consequently, the CuInS2 photocathode achieves one of the highest photoelectrochemical activities (−9.8 mA cm−2 at 0 VRHE) reported for CuInS2 photoelectrodes synthesized via wet chemical methods. Bias‐free water splitting is achieved using a CuInS2‐based photoelectrode in a photovoltaic–PEC cell configuration. These results highlight the potential of CuInS2, prepared through wet chemical methods, for cost‐effective photoelectrochemical water splitting.
Batteries for electric vehicles: Technical advancements, environmental challenges, and market perspectives
Authors: Celadon Axel , Sun Huaihu , Sun Shuhui , Zhang Gaixia
Published: August 2024

The rapid evolution of electric vehicles (EVs) highlights the critical role of battery technology in promoting sustainable transportation. This review offers a comprehensive introduction to the diverse landscape of batteries for EVs. In particular, it examines the impressive array of available battery technologies, focusing on the predominance of lithium‐based batteries, such as lithium‐ion and lithium‐metal variants. Additionally, it explores battery technologies beyond lithium (“post‐lithium”), including aluminum, sodium, and magnesium batteries. The potential of solid‐state batteries is also discussed, along with the current status of various battery types in EV applications. The review further addresses end‐of‐life treatment strategies for EV batteries, including reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling, which are essential for mitigating the environmental impact of batteries and ensuring sustainable lifecycle management. Finally, market perspectives and potential future research directions for battery technologies in EVs are also discussed.
Optimal Scheduling of Island Microgrids with Seawater Pumped Storage Plants for Multi‐Energy Complementarity
Authors: Su Shiwei , Chai Huarui , Lin Jianbo , Yi Chengming , Li Xin
Published: August 2024

The rapid development of new energy sources, such as offshore wind power and photovoltaic power, has provided a new solution to the problem of power supply for islands far from the mainland. Wave energy is a kind of renewable energy originated from the ocean, but the existing island power supply programs seldom consider this favorable natural condition. In addition, seawater variable‐speed pumped storage is a new idea to consume offshore wind power and improve the reliability of coastal and island power systems. In view of the stochastic and intermittent nature of new energy sources, this paper adopts seawater variable‐speed pumped storage power plants as energy storage equipment, and put forward an island power supply scheme with wind power, photovoltaic power generation, wave power generation, pumped storage power plants and diesel generator sets as a multifunctional complementary isolated grid. Firstly, wave energy generators, wind farms, photovoltaic farms, pumped storage power stations and diesel generator sets are modeled separately. Then, considering their respective operating conditions, constraints and load requirements, the optimal scheduling of island microgrids with multi‐energy complementarity is constructed. Finally, based on the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, the model is solved. According to the wind power photovoltaic and wave power output curves of several typical scenarios in an island far away from the mainland, the cost and benefit of different schemes are compared to verify the effectiveness of the optimal scheduling in this paper. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Effect of melt‐processing conditions on the electrical conductivity and microwave absorbing properties of composites based on clean scrap poly(vinylidene fluoride/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Schmitz Debora P. , Cunha Beatriz S. , Soares Bluma G.
Published: August 2024

Clean scrap polyvinylidene fluoride (rPVDF) from industrial reject was compounded with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) to produce low cost and scalable conductive composites. The effect of the melt processing conditions (temperature, time, and rotor speed) on the electrical conductivity and microwave absorbing (MWA) properties was investigated. All systems presented co‐continuous morphology indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and selective extraction experiments. The preferential localization of GNP in the EVA phase was evidenced by selective extraction and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Higher conductivity value was observed for the composite processed at 210°C for 3 min at a rotor speed of 200 rpm. The MWA performance of monolayer and bilayer composite structures with 2 mm thickness was investigated in terms of minimum reflection loss (RL) and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). The bilayer system provided the best MWA response with RL = − 43.1 dB (>99.99% of EM attenuation) when prepared at 190°C for 3 min at a rotor speed of 200 rpm. The ecological and environmental importance of finding new applications for plastic waste, and the low cost of the materials and processing make this composite an interesting candidate for MWA purpose.

Highlights

Promising application of clean scrap polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in microwave absorbing materials;

Conductivity and absorbing performance are affected by processing conditions;

Co‐continuous structure of rPVDF/EVA blend influenced by graphene nanoplatelets (GNP);

Selective localization of GNP in EVA phase;

Outstanding microwave absorption properties achieved with bi‐layer structure.
Long‐term endotracheal tube foreign object and aspiration pneumonia following general anaesthesia in a dog
Authors: Garudadri Prathima , Odunayo Adesola , Ellis Connor , Pablo Luisito S. , Gil Natalia
Published: August 2024

A 7‐year‐old, male, neutered German shepherd dog presented to the emergency room with a 5‐day history of respiratory distress, vomiting and hyporexia after an anaesthetised computed tomography and deep ear flush. The dog presented febrile (104.1°F), tachypnoeic (60 breaths per minute) and in respiratory distress. The dog was hospitalised on intravenous antibiotics and oxygen therapy. Radiographs were obtained 30 hours after presentation, which revealed a remnant of an endotracheal tube within the airway as well as aspiration pneumonia. Removal of the foreign object was successful using a rigid bronchoscope. The dog was discharged with supportive care and antibiotics, and continued to do well 9 months after the iatrogenic foreign body removal. This case report describes the retention of a large piece of an endotracheal tube for the longest period described in literature (6 days).
Leadership development research and scholarship
Authors: Pontes Megan , Weng John
Published: August 2024

The term leadership development is often used in the field of education, management, and business, yet in the context of the leadership learning framework (LLF), it takes on a specific meaning as the innermost, human facets of leadership learning. In addition to the current scholarship around leadership development as a key component of leadership learning, this article will explore leadership development's evolution—from its interconnection with leader development, the use of training and education to foster it, to its growth self‐awareness within group dynamics. This evolution will be considered in the contexts of both education and organizations. Finally, questions and recommendations for future scholarship in leadership are posed for both researchers and practitioners.
Engaging, observing, and reflecting: Utilizing the leadership learning framework as an instructional tool
Authors: Devies Brittany , Guthrie Kathy L.
Published: August 2024

This article highlights data collected using the leadership learning framework as learning content for an undergraduate class and a reflective tool for students to self‐identify ways leadership learning occurred. In this research study, 32 undergraduate students self‐identified what aspects of the leadership framework were the most salient for their personal leadership learning journey. Although all six aspects of the leadership learning framework were named, this article focuses on the three aspects that five or more respondents identified as most influential in their learning. These aspects include leadership metacognition, leadership observation, and leadership development.
Intentional, inclusive, and interconnected: Looking forward with the leadership learning framework
Authors: Maia Ana C. , Devies Brittany
Published: August 2024

This article looks to explore four emergent themes from this special issue focused on the leadership learning framework: culturally relevant and socially just leadership foundations, intentional and unintentional leadership learning and socialization, the interconnectedness of each aspect of the leadership learning framework and using the theory‐to‐practice‐to‐theory approach to enhance model development. The article concludes with future directions, including the critical advancement of the entire leadership learning framework, by positing questions about each aspect of the framework.
Planned and Implemented Actions by Exercises
Authors: Russo Francesco , Rindone Corrado
Published: August 2024

On a global scale, natural and man-made disasters cause significant losses. For this reason, disaster risk reduction is a priority. This paper focuses on the exposure risk component during the occurrence and evacuation planning. There is a gap between the planned actions and their implementation during real emergency conditions. From the proposed reviewed literature different lacks emerge, including the evaluation of the risk reduction produced by each exercise or training actions. To build a bridge above this gap, it is necessary to design and experiment with training and exercises for putting into practice the planned evacuation procedures. A method is proposed to evaluate the exposure reduction by means of these actions. The literature distinguishes two main classes of actions: discussion-based, aimed at reviewing evacuation plans and procedures; and operation-based, aimed at simulating real experimentations with decision-making and people involved in a potential emergency situation. The expected outcome is to increase awareness of managers and users about the evacuation procedures for pursuing the final goal of exposure and therefore risk reduction. With increasing complexity and capabilities, exercises and training contribute to increasing the effectiveness of the planned actions. The paper is useful for risk managers and public decision-takers involved in the evacuation planning process to increase preparedness before an emergency event.
Cyber Victimization: Tools Used to Combat Cybercrime and Victim Characteristics
Authors: Dupuis Marc , Jones Emiliya
Published: August 2024

Cyber victimization is explored through the lens of end users and the tools they use to combat cybercrime. These tools are important in mitigating a variety of threats to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and associated systems for end users, whether through intentional criminal activity, accidents, or system/device malfunction. This is done by examining the characteristics of individuals and the degree to which they have been a victim, including various demographics and personality types. A large-scale survey was used to aid in this endeavor. Gender identification, household income, and education were all related to cybersecurity tool usage. Those that identified as male, had a higher reported household income, and/or were more educated, were more likely to use a variety of cybersecurity tools. Additionally, individuals with higher levels of neuroticism were less likely to use a number of cybersecurity tools. Implications and future directions are discussed.