bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Coupled Damage‐Permeability Constitutive Model for Brittle Rocks Subjected to Explosive Loading
Authors: Wang Qizhi , Su Xuebin , Wu Bangbiao , Wang Wei , Yuan Wei
Published: July 2018

A dynamic constitutive model considering coupled damage‐permeability effect is developed for rocks under explosion. The main purpose of this model is to provide reference to in situ leaching mining (include uranium ore, gold ore, etc.) to improve the permeability of rocks using blasting. The damage is induced and described by the summation of all principal tensile strains. This method does not need to determine (distinguish) the stress state of the material and thus does not need to consider the damage induced by differential stresses. A corresponding relation between the damage status and rock permeability is established through a logarithm function. Based on the theoretical foundation, this model is embedded in a three‐dimensional code of ABAQUS, and its applicability is verified through simulating the experiments under the condition of explosive load, the results from numerical simulation are consistent with the experimental results. Moreover, the obvious advantage of the numerical constitutive model is that it can clearly distinguish permeability variation that cannot be done in laboratory test.
Protective Effects of Rhubarb in Rats with Acute Pancreatitis and the Role of Its Active Compound Rhein on Mitochondria of Exocrine Cells
Authors: Zhao Jianlei , Li George , Xiong Wenbi , Liu Litao , Xiang Jin , Tang Mei , Yuan Zhu
Published: July 2018

Da‐Cheng‐Qi‐Decoction (DCQD) has been used in the treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP) in China for many years. The aim of the current study was to examine the principal ingredient rhubarb of DCQD and its potential link to the pancreatic repair effects in rats with AP. The pancreatitis was induced in SD rats by intraperitoneal injections of cerulein. The results showed that rhubarb significantly increased blood perfusion of pancreatic tissue, reversed mitochondrial damage, and promoted pancreatic acinar and stellate cell proliferation. In addition, the rhein (from rhubarb) had high distribution in pancreas tissue and protected mitochondria in AR42J cells via the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and activity inhibition of AMPK (P < 0.05). The results provide some preclinical evidence on the protective effects of DCQD for the treatment of acute pancreatitis. Rhein is regarded to be the active compound of rhubarb and can be expected to be a new compound for the treatment of AP.
Computed Tomography Enterography: Quantitative Evaluation on Crohn’s Disease Activity
Authors: Cheng Jingyun , Xie Hui , Yang Hao , Wang Ke , Xu Guobin , Wu Guangyao
Published: July 2018

Objective. To explore the feasibility of computed tomography enterography (CTE) in the quantitative evaluation of the activity of Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods. There were 49 CD patients with whole clinical, enteroscopy, and CTE data to be analyzed retrospectively. The patients were graded as inactive (0–2), mild (3–6), and moderate-severe group (>6) based on simplified endoscopic activity score for Crohn’s disease (SES-CD). The differences in bowel wall thickening, mural hyperenhancement in the portal vein period, and the ΔCT values were analyzed among groups using ANOVA (analysis of variance) and q test. Then, the parameters were correlated with SES-CD, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Results. In the 49 patients, 13 ones were inactive, 19 ones were mild, and 17 ones were moderate-severe; the thickness of bowel wall, mural hyperenhancement in the portal vein period, and ΔCT value among groups were all significantly different (P<0.001 in all). Correlative analysis showed that compared with the SES-CD, the bowel wall thickening (r=0.564, P<0.001), mural hyperenhancement in the portal vein period (r=0.585, P<0.001), and ΔCT value (r=0.533, P<0.001) were moderately correlated. Conclusion. The mural hyperenhancement in the portal vein period, bowel wall thickening, and ΔCT value can accurately and quantitatively assess the activity of CD lesions and are potential visual biomarkers of CD lesions.
Relationship of Hyperglycaemia, Hypoglycaemia, and Glucose Variability to Atherosclerotic Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Magri Caroline Jane , Mintoff Dillon , Camilleri Liberato , Xuereb Robert G. , Galea Joseph , Fava Stephen
Published: July 2018

Objective. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the independent effects of hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia, and glucose variability on microvascular and macrovascular disease in T2DM. Methods. Subjects with T2DM of <10 years duration and on stable antiglycaemic treatment underwent carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), ankle-brachial index (ABI), albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), and HbA1c measurement, as well as 72-hour continuous glucose monitoring. Macrovascular disease was defined as one or more of the following: history of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), ABI < 0.9, or abnormal CIMT. Results. The study population comprised 121 subjects with T2DM (89 males : 32 females). The mean age was 62.6 years, and the mean DM duration was 3.7 years. Macrovascular disease was present in 71 patients (58.7%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, body surface area (BSA) (OR 18.88 (95% CI 2.20–156.69), p=0.006) and duration of blood glucose (BG) < 3.9 mmol/L (OR 1.12 (95% CI 1.014–1.228), p=0.024) were independent predictors of macrovascular disease. BSA (OR 12.6 (95% CI 1.70–93.54), p=0.013) and duration of BG < 3.9 mmol/L (OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.003–1.187), p=0.041) were independent predictors of abnormal CIMT. Area under the curve for BG > 7.8 mmol/L (β = 15.83, p=0.005) was the sole independent predictor of albuminuria in generalised linear regression. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that hypoglycaemia is associated with the occurrence of atherosclerotic disease while hyperglycaemia is associated with microvascular disease in a Caucasian population with T2DM of recent duration.
Magneto-Optic Properties of Ultrathin Nanocrystalline Ferrite Garnet Films in the 8K to 300K Temperature Interval
Authors: Kotov V. A. , Shavrov V. G. , Popkov A. F. , Vasiliev M. , Alameh K. , Nur-E-Alam M. , Alyabyeva L. N. , Balabanov D. E. , Burkov V. I. , Virchenko M. K.
Published: July 2018

A study of the initial stages of crystallization in RF magnetron-sputtered ferrite garnet films is reported, in which a series of ultrathin Bi2Dy1Fe4Ga1O12 layers is fabricated and characterized. The spectral and temperature dependencies of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of these films are studied in the temperature range from 300 K down to 8 K. Measured magneto-optical properties are reported in the spectral range between 300 and 600 nm. In ultrathin garnets at temperatures below 160 K, we found that between 360 and 520 nm, the spectral MCD dependencies were typical of bismuth-substituted garnets with high levels of gallium dilution in the tetrahedral sublattice. The MCD signal strength measured at its 440 nm peak grows linearly with reducing temperature between 160 K and 8 K. This observed temperature dependency of MCD differed dramatically from these measured in thicker (3.7 nm) nanocrystalline garnet films. The peak MCD signal at 440 nm in these 3.7 nm-thick samples grows linearly from 215 K down to 100 K, resembling the same dependency seen in 1.7 nm films. In thinnest layers of thickness 0.6 nm, no MCD signals were observed at any temperature in the range between 8 and 300 K.
The Consumption of Cannabis by Fibromyalgia Patients in Israel
Authors: Habib George , Avisar Irit
Published: July 2018

Objective. To report on the habits of cannabis consumption among fibromyalgia patients in Israel. Patients and Methods. An Internet-based questionnaire was posted to three large fibromyalgia Facebook groups in our country. The questionnaire was anonymous and included demographic, clinical, and cannabis-related questions, including acquisition of a license for medical cannabis (MC) method and amount of cannabis consumption; need to buy cannabis beyond the medical allowance; effect of cannabis on pain, sleep, depression, and anxiety; adverse effects of cannabis; feelings of dependence on cannabis or other meds; the involvement of family members; tendency to drive after using cannabis; and employment and social disability status. Results. Of 2,705 people, 383 (14%) responded to the questionnaire, with a mean age of 42.2±14.2 years. Of the responders, 84% reported consuming cannabis, and 44% were licensed for MC. The mean amount per month of cannabis consumed was 31.4±16.3g, and 80% of cannabis consumers (CC) smoked pure cannabis or cannabis mixed with tobacco. Pain relief was reported by 94% of CC, while 93% reported improved sleep quality, 87% reported improvement in depression, and 62% reported improvement in anxiety. Of MC-licensed CC, 55% bought cannabis beyond the medical allowance on the black market. Adverse effects were reported by 12% of CC. Only 8% reported dependence on cannabis. Most CC (64%) worked either full- or part-time jobs, and 74% reported driving “as usual” under cannabis use. Conclusions. Cannabis consumption among fibromyalgia patients in our country is very common and is mostly not licensed. Nearly all CC reported favorable effects on pain and sleep, and few reported adverse effects or feeling of dependence on cannabis.
A Novel Emergency Healthcare System for Elderly Community in Outdoor Environment
Authors: Cao Hui-Ru , Zhan Choujun
Published: July 2018

By exploiting the advanced information and communication technologies, the current community healthcare systems provide digital healthcare services. However, the current healthcare framework for senior citizen in outdoor environment faces new challenges. The traditional healthcare systems are not efficient, and they do not comprise user‐friendly devices and interfaces suitable for the elderly in outdoor environment. Hence, in this work, we develop an outdoor healthcare system for community senior citizens based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and Internet of things (IoT). Our system includes physical devices, wireless and wired networks, cloud and data center, and smart terminals. Further, the analysis of the proposed healthcare architecture is presented from the perspective of different layers, and an algorithm on UAV for creating high‐speed communication channel and delivering medicine is provided. In addition, the healthcare UAV, related devices, and friendly APPs are designed. The proposed framework is evaluated by comparison with the current healthcare architecture. The emulating and experimental results show that our proposed system can provide a high‐quality wireless communication link even at large communication distances, and in real testbed our proposal can reduce the response time by about 20% in comparison with the current methods.
Nonlinear Vibration of an Elastic Soft String: Large Amplitude and Large Curvature
Authors: Zhao De-Min , Li Shan-Peng , Zhang Yun , Liu Jian-Lin
Published: July 2018

Mechanical nonlinear vibration of slender structures, such as beams, strings, rods, plates, and even shells occurs extensively in a variety of areas, spanning from aerospace, automobile, cranes, ships, offshore platforms, and bridges to MEMS/NEMS. In the present study, the nonlinear vibration of an elastic string with large amplitude and large curvature has been systematically investigated. Firstly, the mechanics model of the string undergoing strong geometric deformation is built based on the Hamilton principle. The nonlinear mode shape function was used to discretize the partial differential equation into ordinary differential equation. The modified complex normal form method (CNFM) and the finite difference scheme are used to calculate the critical parameters of the string vibration, including the time history diagram, configuration, total length, and fundamental frequency. It is shown that the calculation results from these two methods are close, which are different with those from the linear equation model. The numerical results are also validated by our experiment, and they take excellent agreement. These analyses may be helpful to engineer some soft materials and can also provide insight into the design of elementary structures in sensors, actuators and resonators, etc.
Omalizumab for Idiopathic Nonhistaminergic Angioedema: Evidence for Efficacy in 2 Patients
Authors: Brunetta Enrico , Shiffer Dana , Folci Marco , Achenza Maria I. S. , Puggioni Francesca , Heffler Enrico , Furlan Raffaello , Canonica Giorgio W.
Published: July 2018

Presently, there is inconclusive evidence regarding the most effective treatment for idiopathic nonhistaminergic acquired angioedema (InH-AAE). Omalizumab may, however, prove to be a promising option. This case report describes two patients who presented with recurrent angioedema attacks, which was refractory to antihistamine therapy. Hence, they were treated with 300 mg omalizumab, every 4 weeks, for a period of 6 months. Both patients had shown a rapid response to the treatment and achieved complete resolution of symptoms without further AE attacks throughout the entire duration of the treatment period. After omalizumab’s suspension, one patient remained symptom free for the following 6 months and the other patient had recurrence of symptoms after 2 months for which he was retreated with omalizumab and once again became symptom free. Although omalizumab seems to be effective as a prophylactic treatment for InH-AAE, the determining factors leading to the differences in time-to-relapse between patients after its suspension remain unclear. Further studies are needed in order to better determine the potential therapeutic application of omalizumab and its role in maintenance therapy.
NF-κB-94ins/del ATTG Genotype Contributes to the Susceptibility and Imbalanced Th17 Cells in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Yu Jie , Hua Mingqiang , Zhao Xueyun , Wang Rui , Zhong Chaoqing , Zhang Chen , Wang Ruiqing , Li Guosheng , He Na , Hou Ming , Ma Daoxin
Published: July 2018

Background. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays important roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains unclear. Methods. RT-PCR was used to examine the polymorphism and expression of genes involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome in ITP patients. T helper cells and apoptosis of PBMC from ITP patients were analyzed by flow cytometry. The antiplatelet autoantibodies in plasma were determined by modified monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA). Results. We found that the NF-κB-94ins/del ATTG genotype contributed to the susceptibility of ITP. Furthermore, the platelet counts of ITP patients with the WW genotype or WD genotype were lower than those with the DD genotype of NF-κB-94ins/del ATTG. Compared with controls, NF-κB gene expression was significantly decreased and WW or WD genotype ITP patients displayed higher mRNA expression than DD individuals. Similarly, the mRNA expression of NLRP3 was also increased in the WW genotype. There was a significant gene dose effect of the percentage of Th17 cells for the WW, WD, and DD genotypes (WW < WD < DD) in the unstimulated group and no significant difference was found after being stimulated. The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome could upregulate Th17 in ITP patients. Conclusion. The NF-κB-94ins/del ATTG genotype might serve as a novel biomarker and potential target for ITP.
Fuzzy Adaptive Switching Control for an Uncertain Robot Manipulators with Time‐Varying Output Constraint
Authors: Fan Yongqing , Wang Wenqing , Liu Ying , Wang Minjuan
Published: July 2018

An adaptive control strategy based on a fuzzy logic system by introducing a nonzero time‐varying parameter is studied for an n‐link manipulator system with the condition of a complex environment. At the beginning, a universal approximator with a one time‐varying parameter is proposed based on the analysis of the fuzzy logic system, which is utilized to equalize uncertainties in robot manipulators with time‐varying output constraints. The novel design method is used to reduce greatly the online learning computation burden compared with traditional fuzzy adaptive control. The output and the position of robotic manipulators are constrained with time‐varying, a good tracking performance can be guaranteed with the condition of unknown dynamics of robot manipulators, and the violation of constraints can be conquered by the analysis based on the barrier Lyapunov function. A switching adaptive control is proposed to extend the semiglobal stability to global stability. Effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by simulation results.
Instrumental Variable‐Based OMP Identification Algorithm for Hammerstein Systems
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Wang Dongqing , Yan Yaru
Published: July 2018

Hammerstein systems are formed by a static nonlinear block followed by a dynamic linear block. To solve the parameterizing difficulty caused by parameter coupling between the nonlinear part and the linear part in a Hammerstein system, an instrumental variable method is studied to parameterize the Hammerstein system. To achieve in simultaneously identifying parameters and orders of the Hammerstein system and to promote the computational efficiency of the identification algorithm, a sparsity‐seeking orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) optimization method of compressive sensing is extended to identify parameters and orders of the Hammerstein system. The idea is, by the filtering technique and the instrumental variable method, to transform the Hammerstein system into a simple form with a separated nonlinear expression and to parameterize the system into an autoregressive model, then to perform an instrumental variable‐based orthogonal matching pursuit (IV‐OMP) identification method for the Hammerstein system. Simulation results illustrate that the investigated method is effective and has advantages of simplicity and efficiency.
Blood Biochemical and Hematological Study after Subacute Intravenous Injection of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles and Coadministered Gold and Silver Nanoparticles of Similar Sizes
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Gulumian Mary , Faustman Elaine M. , Workman Tomomi , Jeon KiSoo , Yu Il Je
Published: July 2018

Background. To investigate the effect of subacute intravenous administration AgNP (silver nanoparticles, 10 nm) and AuNP (gold nanoparticles, 12.8 nm) and AgNP/AuNP mixture to blood biochemistry, hematology, and platelet coagulation, subacute toxicity study was conducted. Methods. AuNP and AgNP in which their size distribution was not statistically different, mixed or separate, were injected into the caudal vein of male Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks. The rats were allowed to recover for a further 4 weeks in order to examine systemic toxicity expressed in the blood biochemistry and hematology. The dose groups (5 males per group for the administration and 3 males for the recovery) consisted of 7 divisions, i.e., control, AgNP (with a low dose of 10 μg/kg/day and a high dose of 100 μg/kg/day), AuNP (with a low dose of 10 μg/kg/day and a high dose of 100 μg/kg/day), and mixed AgNP/AuNP (with a low dose of 10/10 μg/kg/day and a high dose of 100/100 μg/kg/day). Results. There were no significant dose-related changes in the hematology and blood biochemical values for the rats. Coagulation time in terms of the active partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) did not show any significant changes, when compared to the control group. Conclusion. The subacute injection of AuNP and AgNP or their mixture did not induce any noticeable systemic toxicity.
Simulation of Train-Turnout Coupled Dynamics Using a Multibody Simulation Software
Authors: Lau Albert , Hoff Inge
Published: July 2018

With the advancements of computing power, multibody simulation (MBS) tool is used to study not only train dynamics but also more realistic phenomena such as train-track coupled dynamics. However, train-turnout coupled dynamics within MBS is still hard to be found. In this paper, a train-turnout coupled model methodology using a MBS tool GENSYS is presented. Dynamic track properties of a railway track are identified through numerical receptance test on a simple straight track model. After that, the identified dynamic track properties are adopted in a switch and crossing (turnout) to simulate train-turnout coupled dynamic interaction including parameters such as rail bending stiffness and sleeper mass variation along the turnout. The train-turnout coupled dynamic interaction is compared to the dynamic interaction simulated from a widely accepted moving mass train-turnout model. It is observed that the vertical and lateral normal forces for the new train-turnout coupled model and the conventional moving mass train-turnout model are in good agreement. In addition, the new train-turnout coupled model can provide additional track dynamics results. It is concluded that the train-turnout coupled model can provide a more realistic train-turnout dynamic interaction compared to the moving mass train-turnout model.
Salidroside Attenuates High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via AMPK‐Dependent TXNIP/NLRP3 Pathway
Authors: Zheng Tao , Yang Xiaoyan , Li Wenjin , Wang Qibin , Chen Li , Wu Dan , Bian Fang , Xing Shasha , Jin Si
Published: July 2018

Our previous studies suggested that salidroside could alleviate hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetic C57BLKS/Leprdb (db/db) mice. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of salidroside on high‐fat diet‐ (HFD‐) induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by investigating underlying mechanisms. Mice were fed with HFD or regular diet, randomly divided into two groups, and treated with salidroside or vehicle for 8 weeks. Then, biochemical analyses and histopathological examinations were conducted in vivo and in vitro. Salidroside administration attenuated HFD‐induced obesity, blood glucose variability, and hepatic lipid deposition, markedly increasing insulin sensitivity in HFD mice. In addition, salidroside suppressed oxidative stress, thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) expression, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the liver. In cultured hepatocytes, salidroside dose dependently regulated lipid accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation as well as improved AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and insulin sensitivity. The inhibition of AMPK activation by inhibitor or short interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in the suppression of the beneficial effects of salidroside in hepatocytes. Our findings demonstrated that salidroside protects against NAFLD by improving hepatic lipid metabolism and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and these actions are related to the regulation of the oxidative stress and AMPK‐dependent TXNIP/NLRP3 pathways.
Renewable Energy Integration: Economic Assessment of Solar Energy to Produce Biodiesel at Supercritical Conditions
Authors: León José A. , Montero Gisela , Coronado Marcos A. , García Conrado , Campbell Héctor E. , Ayala José R. , Montes Daniela , Sagaste Carlos A.
Published: July 2018

In recent years, research on noncatalytic methods for biodiesel production has increased, mainly processes under supercritical conditions that allow the processing of waste vegetable oils (WVO) without the need to use catalysts, where the absence of catalyst simplifies the processes of purification of biodiesel. The high consumption of alcohol and energy to maintain the appropriate conditions of pressure and temperature of the reaction has turned the processes of supercritical conditions into an unfeasible method. However, the stages of biodiesel purification and methanol recovery are more straightforward, allowing the reduction of the total energy consumption by 25% compared to alkaline methods. Therefore, the present work describes a study through Aspen Plus® of the production of biodiesel by a process in supercritical conditions with WVO as raw material. Also, a solar collector arrangement was structured using the TRNSYS® simulator to supply energy to the process. To evaluate the economic feasibility of the proposed process, the installation of a pilot plant in Mexicali, Baja California, was considered. The internal rate of return (IRR) and the net present value (NPV) were determined for ten-year period. The planned system allows supplying solar energy, 69.5% of the energy required by the process, thus reducing the burning of fossil fuels and the operation cost. Despite the additional investment cost, for the solar collectors, the process manages to maintain a competitive production cost of USD 0.778/l of biodiesel. With an IRR of 31.7%, the investment is recovered before the fifth year of operation. The integration and implementation of clean technologies are vital in the development of the biofuels.
An Untypical Case of Gouty Infiltration of Both Peroneal Tendons and a Longitudinal Lesion of the Peroneus Brevis Tendon Mimicking Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: Anagnostakos Konstantinos , Thiery Andreas , Meyer Christof , Tapos Octavian
Published: July 2018

We present a case of a 70-year-old male patient with an untypical gout infiltration of the peroneal tendons mimicking synovial sarcoma. The patient had a negative history of gout at initial presentation in our department. Magnetic resonance imaging of the region revealed a finding highly suspicious for synovial sarcoma of the peroneal tendons. Open biopsy was performed. Histopathological examination of the tissue samples demonstrated the presence of gout with no signs of malignancy. The gout infiltration was excised in a subsequent surgery. Orthopedic surgeons should be aware of the potential manifestation of gout in tendons and bear this in mind in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors.
A Neuromuscular Interface for Robotic Devices Control
Authors: Kastalskiy Innokentiy , Mironov Vasily , Lobov Sergey , Krilova Nadia , Pimashkin Alexey , Kazantsev Victor
Published: July 2018

A neuromuscular interface (NI) that can be employed to operate external robotic devices (RD), including commercial ones, was proposed. Multichannel electromyographic (EMG) signal is used in the control loop. Control signal can also be supplemented with electroencephalography (EEG), limb kinematics, or other modalities. The multiple electrode approach takes advantage of the massive resources of the human brain for solving nontrivial tasks, such as movement coordination. Multilayer artificial neural network was used for feature classification and further to provide command and/or proportional control of three robotic devices. The possibility of using biofeedback can compensate for control errors and implement a fundamentally important feature that has previously limited the development of intelligent exoskeletons, prostheses, and other medical devices. The control system can be integrated with wearable electronics. Examples of technical devices under control of the neuromuscular interface (NI) are presented.
Exploring Cooperative Game Mechanisms of Scientific Coauthorship Networks
Authors: Xie Zheng , Li Jianping , Li Miao
Published: July 2018

Scientific coauthorship, generated by collaborations and competitions among researchers, reflects effective organizations of human resources. Researchers, their expected benefits through collaborations, and their cooperative costs constitute the elements of a game. Hence, we propose a cooperative game model to explore the evolution mechanisms of scientific coauthorship networks. The model generates geometric hypergraphs, where the costs are modelled by space distances, and the benefits are expressed by node reputations, that is, geometric zones that depend on node position in space and time. Modelled cooperative strategies conditioned on positive benefit‐minus‐cost reflect the spatial reciprocity principle in collaborations and generate high clustering and degree assortativity, two typical features of coauthorship networks. Modelled reputations generate the generalized Poisson parts, and fat tails appeared in specific distributions of empirical data, for example, paper team size distribution. The combined effect of modelled costs and reputations reproduces the transitions that emerged in degree distribution, in the correlation between degree and local clustering coefficient, and so on. The model provides an example of how individual strategies induce network complexity, as well as an application of game theory to social affiliation networks.
Temperature Control Measures and Temperature Stress of Mass Concrete during Construction Period in High‐Altitude Regions
Authors: Wang Zhenhong , Tao Li , Liu Yi , Yunhui Jiang
Published: July 2018

The focus on the development of China’s vast hydropower resources has shifted to Tibet and other plateau regions. These areas are high‐altitude regions whose basic climatic characteristics are as follows: dry climate, significant differences in daily temperature, and strong solar radiation. If a dam is built under such special climate conditions, specific and strict temperature control and crack prevention measures should be taken. Therefore, this study explores the temperature control standards, as well as temperature control and crack prevention measures, for concrete in high‐altitude regions using three‐dimensional finite element methods and based on the concrete gravity dam in Tibet in combination with the characteristics of material properties that are disadvantageous to temperature control and crack prevention. The temperature drop process can be optimized in time, and the temperature drop rate can be controlled to prevent excessive scale and temperature drop rates. Moreover, the temperature gradient can be spatially optimized, and thus, the differences in foundation temperatures, upper‐ and lower‐layer temperatures, and internal and external temperatures can also be reduced. The research shows that the recommended temperature control and crack prevention measures can effectively reduce temperature stress. This study has a significant value as a reference for similar projects in high‐altitude regions.
Research Progress on Formaldehyde Emission of Wood-Based Panel
Authors: Zhang Jijuan , Song Feifei , Tao Jing , Zhang Zhongfeng , Shi Sheldon Q.
Published: July 2018

Current research progress on the mechanism and influencing factors of formaldehyde emission from wood-based panel is reviewed. The formaldehyde analysis and test methods are summarized, putting forward a new idea to research the relevance of formaldehyde emission and the loading ratio of wood-based panel under the combined action of influencing factors. The quantitative indicators of wood-based panel load in a specific space according to the formaldehyde emission requirements are determined, which provide technical precondition support to improve the interior decoration and furniture design.
TRAIL and Ceruloplasmin Inverse Correlation as a Representative Crosstalk between Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Tisato Veronica , Gallo Stefania , Melloni Elisabetta , Celeghini Claudio , Passaro Angelina , Zauli Giorgio , Secchiero Paola , Bergamini Carlo , Trentini Alessandro , Bonaccorsi Gloria , Valacchi Giuseppe , Zuliani Giovanni , Cervellati Carlo
Published: July 2018

Objective. “Oxinflammation” is a recently coined term that defines the deleterious crosstalk between inflammatory and redox systemic processes, which underlie several diseases. Oxinflammation could be latently responsible for the predisposition of certain healthy individuals to disease development. The oxinflammatory pathway has been recently suggested to play a crucial role in regulating the activity of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a TNF superfamily member that can mediate multiple signals in physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, we investigated the associations between TRAIL and key players of vascular redox homeostasis.Methods. We measured circulating TRAIL levels relative to praoxonas-1, lipoprotein phospholipase-A2, and ceruloplasmin levels in a cohort of healthy subjects (n=209).Results. Multivariate analysis revealed that ceruloplasmin levels were significantly inversely associated with TRAIL levels (r=−0.431,p<0.001). The observed association retained statistical significance after adjustment for additional confounding factors. After stratification for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, the inverse association between TRAIL and ceruloplasmin levels remained strong and significant (r=−0.508,p<0.001,R2=0.260) only in the presence of inflammation, confirming the role of inflammation as emerged inin vitroexperiments where recombinant TRAIL decreased ceruloplasmin expression levels in TNF-treated PBMC cultures.Conclusion. The results indicated that in an inflammatory milieu, TRAIL downregulates ceruloplasmin expression, highlighting a signaling axis involving TRAIL and ceruloplasmin that are linked via inflammation and providing important insights with potential clinical implications.
Current Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: From Demolitive Surgery to Observation
Authors: Bartolini Ilenia , Bencini Lapo , Risaliti Matteo , Ringressi Maria Novella , Moraldi Luca , Taddei Antonio
Published: July 2018

Incidental diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) greatly increased in the last years. In particular, more frequent diagnosis of small PanNETs leads to many challenging clinical decisions. These tumors are mostly indolent, although a percentage (up to 39%) may reveal an aggressive behaviour despite the small size. Therefore, there is still no unanimity about the best management of tumor smaller than 2 cm. The risks of under/overtreatment should be carefully evaluated with the patient and balanced with the potential morbidities related to surgery. The importance of the Ki-67 index as a prognostic factor is still debated as well. Whenever technically feasible, parenchyma-sparing surgeries lead to the best chance of organ preservation. Lymphadenectomy seems to be another important prognostic issue and, according to recent findings, should be performed in noninsulinoma patients. In the case of enucleation of the lesion, a lymph nodal sampling should always be considered. The relatively recent introduction of minimally invasive techniques (robotic) is a valuable option to deal with these tumors. The current management of PanNETs is analysed throughout the many available published guidelines and evidences with the aim of helping clinicians in the difficult decision-making process.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Photoelectrical Properties of Tetrabromophenol Blue- and Bromoxylenol Blue-Based Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Qian , Ren Penghui , Wang Xiaofei , Li Yuanzuo , Yang Yanhui
Published: July 2018

Tetrabromophenol blue and Bromoxylenol blue as the sensitizers of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are measured in experiments. In order to better understand the photoelectrical properties of the two dyes, we obtain the UV-Vis spectra, fluorescence spectra, and current-voltage characteristics. The frontier molecular orbital, energy levels, the first hyperpolarizability, the first hyperpolarizability density, and molecular electrostatic potential are calculated with density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT). The critical factors including the light harvesting efficiency (LHE (Tetrabromophenol blue for 0.0284 and Bromoxylenol blue for 0.0290), the driving force of electron injection (ΔGinject), x-axis direction dipole moment (μnormal), the conduction band of edge of the semiconductor (ΔECB), and the excited-state lifetime (τ)) are computed, which have a close connection to the short-circuit current density (Jsc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc). The results show that the Jsc (0.09 mA/cm2) and Voc (0.39 V) of Tetrabromophenol blue have larger values, which can be explained by a larger absolute value of ΔGinject, absolute value of μnormal, τ, and ΔECB. Therefore, Tetrabromophenol blue displays well photoelectric conversion efficiency compared with Bromoxylenol blue.
Decentralized Competition Produces Nonlinear Dynamics Akin to Klinotaxis
Authors: Manrique Pedro , Klein Mason , Li Yao Sheng , Xu Chen , Hui Pak Ming , Johnson Neil
Published: July 2018

One of the biggest challenges in unravelling the complexity of living systems, is to fully understand the neural logic that translates sensory input into the highly nonlinear motor outputs that are observed when simple organisms crawl. Recent work has shown that organisms such as larvae that exhibit klinotaxis (i.e., orientation through lateral movements of portions of the body) can perform normal exploratory practices even in the absence of a brain. Abdominal and thoracic networks control the alternation between crawls and turns. This motivates the search for decentralized models of movement that can produce nonlinear outputs that resemble the experiments. Here, we present such a complex system model, in the form of a population of decentralized decision‐making components (agents) whose aggregate activity resembles that observed in klinotaxis organisms. Despite the simplicity of each component, the complexity created by their collective feedback of information and actions akin to proportional navigation, drives the model organism towards a specific target. Our model organism’s nonlinear behaviors are consistent with empirically observed reorientation rate measures for Drosophila larvae as well as nematode C. elegans.
Nonlinear Time‐History Analysis for Validation of the Displacement‐Based Seismic Assessment of the RC Upper Bridge of a Dam
Authors: Lestuzzi P. , Charif H. , Rossier S. , Ferrière M. , Person J.-P.
Published: July 2018

The seismic assessment of a secondary structure of the Chancy‐Pougny dam, namely, the upper bridge, is discussed in this paper. A first seismic assessment, performed according to classical force‐based methodology, concluded the necessity of an extensive retrofitting for the upper bridge. By contrast, the application of the displacement‐based approach showed that the current situation is already satisfactory, and therefore, practically no retrofitting is needed. The paper focuses on the nonlinear time‐history analyses which were achieved in order to check the accuracy of the results obtained using the displacement‐based method. The structural characteristics of the reinforced concrete upper bridge are similar to those of conventional bridges. However, the piers were built with very little reinforcement and consequently they will exhibit a rocking behavior in case of earthquake loading. Rocking is rather a favorable failure mechanism and is related to a certain amount of displacement capacity. However, this behavior is not linked to plastic energy dissipation which may significantly increase the related displacement demand. In order to determine the real displacement demand, nonlinear time‐history analyses were achieved with SDOF systems defined by an “S” shape hysteretic model. Spectrum compatible stationary synthetic accelerograms and slightly modified recorded earthquakes were both used for acceleration time‐histories. The results showed that the displacement demand corresponds well with the one determined by usual push‐over analysis. The results show a very favorable seismic situation, related to a relatively stiff structure associated to rock soil conditions with an A class soil. The seismic safety of the upper bridge is already satisfactory for the current state (without retrofitting). Consequently, the proposed costly reinforcement for the upper bridge could be significantly reduced.
Insights from the WHO and National Lists of Essential Medicines: Focus on Pediatric Diabetes Care in Africa
Authors: Rowlands Amanda , Ameyaw Emmanuel , Rutagarama Florent , Dipesalema Joel , Majaliwa Edna Siima , Mbogo Joyce , Ogle Graham D. , Chanoine Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2018

Background: Access to essential medicines in pediatric endocrinology and diabetes is limited in resource-limited countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) maintains two non-binding lists of essential medicines (EMLs) which are often used as a template for developing national EMLs. Methods: We compared a previously published master list of medicines for pediatric endocrinology and diabetes with the WHO EMLs and national EMLs for countries within the WHO African region. To better understand actual access to medicines by patients, we focused on diabetes and surveyed pediatric endocrinologists from 5 countries and assessed availability and true cost for insulin and glucagon. Results: Most medicines that are essential in pediatric endocrinology and diabetes were included in the national EMLs. However, essential medicines, such as fludrocortisone, were present in less than 30% of the national EMLs despite being recommended by the WHO. Pediatric endocrinologists from the 5 focus countries reported significant variation in terms of availability and public access to insulin, as well as differences between urban and rural areas. Except for Botswana, glucagon was rarely available. There was no significant relationship between Gross National Income and the number of medicines included in the national EMLs. Conclusions: Governments in resource-limited countries could take further steps to improve EMLs and access to medicines such as improved collaboration between health authorities, the pharmaceutical industry, patient groups, health professionals, and capacity-building programs such as Paediatric Endocrinology Training Centres for Africa.
Toward More Targeted and Cost-Effective Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog Treatment in Girls with Central Precocious Puberty
Authors: Kaplowitz Paul B. , Backeljauw Philippe F. , Allen David B.
Published: July 2018

The use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) for the treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP), especially in girls, has increased rapidly in recent years. In the context of a secular trend towards earlier puberty onset, many girls now treated for CPP are healthy children experiencing puberty onset within the early end of the normal range. Justifications for GnRHa treatment include the preservation of adult height (AH) potential and the alleviation of presumed distress of early maturation and menarche. With a case of a family requesting treatment for an 8-year-old girl in early puberty as a background, studies of the effect of untreated CPP and of GnRHa treatment of CPP on AH are reviewed. In addition, the limited evidence relating CPP to significant psychological distress – in part due to early menses, and for the amelioration of such distress by GnRHa treatment – is discussed. Taken together, current information suggests that for girls with mildly early onset of puberty (ages 7–9 years), an informed assent discussion with the family should include the consideration of reassurance and observation for many girls who might otherwise receive 2–4 years of GnRHa treatment for a poorly defined benefit and at a cost of at least $20–30,000 per year.
Unexpected Growth-Promoting Effect of Oxaliplatin in Excision Repair Cross-Complementation Group 1 Transfected Human Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Jordheim Lars Petter , Chettab Kamel , Cros-Perrial Emeline , Matera Eva-Laure , Dumontet Charles
Published: July 2018

The nucleotide excision repair protein excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) has been repeatedly shown to be involved in the sensitivity of cancer cells to platinum derivatives. In order to better understand this process, we transfected HCT-116 cells with a plasmid encoding ERCC1 and studied their in vitro and in vivo behaviour. No main differences were observed for sensitivity to platinum drugs, DNA repair capacity and clonogenicity in vitro. However, ­ERCC1-transfected HCT-116 cells showed paradoxical behaviour in vivo with increased growth in mice treated with oxaliplatin as compared to untreated mice. The Trop2 protein was identified as being potentially involved in the underlying mechanism for these observations, as it was overexpressed in transfected cells. Our results suggest complex regulation of signalling in cancer cells exposed to cancer drugs.
MiR-34a Enhances Chondrocyte Apoptosis, Senescence and Facilitates Development of Osteoarthritis by Targeting DLL1 and Regulating PI3K/AKT Pathway
Authors: Zhang Wei , Hsu Peichun , Zhong Biao  , Guo Shang , Zhang Chi , Wang Yukai , Luo Congfeng , Zhan Yulin , Zhang Changqing
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the prevalent degenerative disease caused by various factors. MicroRNAs are important regulators in the inflammation and immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of microRNA-34a (MiR-34a) on the death of chondrocytes, senescence, as well as its role in OA progression. Methods: A series of experiments involving CCK-8, flow cytometry, β-galactosidase staining and wound healing assays were conducted to determine the cellular capabilities of proliferation, cell apoptosis, senescence and the ability of cells to recover from injury, respectively. Binding sites between miR-34a and delta-like protein 1 (DLL1) were identified using a luciferase reporter system, whereas mRNA and protein expression of target genes was determined by RT-PCR and immunoblot, respectively. OA model was generated via surgery. Results: We found that miR-34a expression was increased in the cartilage of OA patients. In rat chondrocytes and chondrosarcoma cells, miR-34a transfections noticeably inhibited the expression of DLL1, triggered cell death and senescence, suppressed proliferation, and prevented scratch assay wound closure. However, transfection of a miR-34a inhibitor displayed adverse effects. Additionally, secretion and expression of factors associated with cartilage degeneration were altered via miR-34a. Moreover, miR-34a directly inhibits DLL1 mRNA. Furthermore, concentrations of DLL1, total PI3K, and p-AKT declined in chondrocytes that overexpress miR-34a. DLL1 overexpression elevated PI3K and p-AKT levels, and eliminated cell death triggered by a miR-34a mimic. In vivo, miR-34a remarkably inhibited miR-34a up-regulation, while enhanced the level of DLL1 expression. In the knee joints of surgery-induced OA rats, articular chondrocyte death and loss of cartilage were attenuated via miR-34a antagomir injection. Conclusions: These findings indicate that miR-34a contributes to chondrocyte death, causing OA progression through DLL1 and modulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Improving Voltage Profile of Islanded Microgrid using PI Controller
Authors: Qazi Sajid Hussain , Mustafa Mohd Wazir
Published: July 2018

In islanding operating mode of microgrid, the voltage and frequency of system must be maintained by the microgrid, or else the system will crumble due to the characteristics of different distributed generators (DG) utilized in microgrid. The voltage and frequency lost provision when main grid is disconnected. This paper presents PI controller based voltage controller to regulate voltage to its normal condition. The controller is proposed to be utilized individually with each distributed generator (DG) in microgrid. The controller compares inverter output voltage with voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) and its output is feed to PWM pulse generator to generate appropriate pulses for inverter to regulate voltage to its nominal value. The simulation results of proposed system are shown using MATLAB/Simulink platform.