bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the degeneracy of ordered ground state configurations of the aspherical Gaussian core model
Authors: Pini Davide , Weißenhofer Markus , Kahl Gerhard
Published: October 2020

We provide rigorous evidence that the ordered ground state configurations of a system of parallel oriented, ellipsoidal particles, interacting via a Gaussian potential (termed in the literature as Gaussian core nematics), must be infinitely degenerate; we have demonstrated that these configurations originate from the related ground state configuration of the corresponding symmetric Gaussian core system via a suitable stretching operation of this lattice in combination with an arbitrary rotation. These findings explain related observations in former investigations, which then remained unexplained. Our conclusions have far reaching consequences for the search of ground state configurations of other nematic particles.
Hydrogenation of pyrrole: Infrared spectra of the 2,3-dihydropyrrol-2-yl and 2,3-dihydropyrrol-3-yl radicals isolated in solid para-hydrogen
Authors: Amicangelo Jay C. , Lee Yuan-Pern
Published: October 2020

The reaction of hydrogen atoms (H) with pyrrole (C4H4NH) in solid para-hydrogen (p-H2) matrices at 3.2 K has been studied by infrared spectroscopy. Upon reaction of the H atoms with pyrrole in p-H2, a new series of lines appeared in the infrared spectrum, and based on secondary photolysis, it was determined that the majority of the new lines belong to two distinct chemical species; these lines are designated as set A and set B. According to quantum–chemical calculations performed at the B3PW91/6–311++G(2d,2p) level, the most likely reactions to occur under low temperature conditions in solid p-H2 are the addition of an H atom to carbon 2 or 3 of C4H4NH to produce the corresponding hydrogen-atom addition radicals (HC4H4NH•). When the lines in sets A and B are compared to the scaled harmonic and anharmonic vibrational infrared stick spectra of these two radicals, the best agreement for set A is with the radical produced by the addition to carbon 3 (2,3-dihydropyrrol-2-yl radical, 3-HC4H4NH•), and the best agreement for set B is with the radical produced by addition to carbon 2 (2,3-dihydropyrrol-3-yl radical, 2-HC4H4NH•). The ratio of the 2-HC4H4NH• to 3-HC4H4NH• radicals is estimated to be 4–5:1, consistent with the smaller predicted barrier height for the H-atom addition to C2. In addition to the assignments of the 2,3-dihydropyrrol-2-yl and 2,3-dihydropyrrol-3-yl radicals, a series of lines that appear upon 455-nm photolysis have been assigned to 1,3-pyrrolenine (2-HC4H4N).
Systematic study of ferromagnetic phase stability of Co-based Heusler materials with high figure of merit: Hunt for spintronics and thermoelectric applicability
Authors: Sofi Shakeel Ahmad , Gupta Dinesh C.
Published: October 2020

The high throughput thermoelectric devices are considered a promising futuristic energy source to control global warming and realize the dream of green energy and a sustainable environment. In the present work, strict and highly accurate spin-polarized density functional theory combined with the Boltzmann transport scheme has been applied to extract the properties of Co2XAl (X = Zr, Nb, Hf) Heuslers. The mechanical stability appropriately prefers their cubic crystalline geometry with the ductile character of these alloys. The modified Becke–Johnson potential illustrates better results than GGA and GGA+U functionals. The band profile is found to be n-type (indirect bandgap) for Co2NbAl and p-type (direct bandgap) for Co2ZrAl and Co2HfAl Heuslers near the Fermi level. The preferably asymmetric density of states and structural optimization demonstrate the ferromagnetic character of these Heuslers. The formation and cohesive energy recommend that these alloys are thermodynamically stable. The Co2XAl (X = Zr, Nb, Hf) Heuslers deliver the significant value of the vital parameters like the Seebeck coefficient, zT, and power factor, which recommends the better thermoelectric response for practical applications. The improved stability, ductile behavior, durability, and rational zT should turn helpful in deciding the scalable potential of Co2XAl (X = Zr, Nb, Hf) materials for the design of long-lasting thermoelectric generators and flexible electronic devices.
Analytical expression for the width of quantum cascade laser frequency comb
Authors: Khurgin Jacob B.
Published: October 2020

An analytical expression for the maximum potential bandwidth of the frequency modulated comb naturally occurring in free running quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) has been derived. The maximum bandwidth is not as wide as the one attainable in passively mode locked lasers, but wider than that in the actively mode locked ones. The bandwidth is shown to critically depend on the flatness of the gain spectrum and the cavity length and less so on pump current. The results firmly establish that the performance of QCL frequency combs can be on par with combs generated by other means.
High-amplitude cofluctuations in cortical activity drive functional connectivity
Authors: Zamani Esfahlani Farnaz , Jo Youngheun , Faskowitz Joshua , Byrge Lisa , Kennedy Daniel P. , Sporns Olaf , Betzel Richard F.
Published: October 2020

Significance

Despite widespread applications, the origins of functional connectivity remain elusive. Here we analyze human functional neuroimaging data. We decompose resting-state functional connectivity across time to assess the contributions of moment-to-moment activity cofluctuations to the overall connectivity pattern. We show that functional connectivity is driven by a small number of high-amplitude frames. We show that these frames are underpinned by a specific mode of brain activity; that the topography of this mode gets modulated during in-scanner tasks; and that high-amplitude frames encode personalized, subject-specific information. In summary, our parameter-free method provides an exact mathematical link between functional connectivity and frame-wise cofluctuations, creating opportunities for studying both static and time-varying functional brain networks.
Laser spectroscopic technique for direct identification of a single virus I: FASTER CARS
Authors: Deckert Volker , Deckert-Gaudig Tanja , Cialla-May Dana , Popp Jürgen , Zell Roland , Deinhard-Emmer Stefanie , Sokolov Alexei V. , Yi Zhenhuan , Scully Marlan O.
Published: October 2020

Significance

Surface features of a virus are very important in determining its virility. For example, the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to the ACE2 receptor site of the host cell with a much stronger affinity than did the original SARS virus. Thus, it is clearly important to understand the virion surface structure. To that end, the present paper combines the spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy and the spectral resolution of coherent Raman spectroscopy. This combination of tip-enhanced microscopy using femtosecond adaptive spectroscopic techniques for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FAST CARS) with enhanced resolution (FASTER CARS) allows us to map a single virus particle with nanometer resolution and chemical specificity.
Tuning the quantumness of simple Bose systems: A universal phase diagram
Authors: Kora Youssef , Boninsegni Massimo , Son Dam Thanh , Zhang Shiwei
Published: October 2020

Significance

Predicting the properties of a quantum-mechanical system of many interacting particles is a major goal of modern science and an outstanding challenge. We consider a compact and versatile model which captures the essential features of a broad class of systems made of particles obeying Bose–Einstein statistics and which allows one to systematically dial up the effect of quantum entanglement in the presence of particle interaction by tuning a single parameter. We are able to obtain exact numerical results for the phase diagrams of these systems. Possible directions for experimental realization of the predictions are discussed.
(h) in Marshallese English
Authors: Buchstaller Isabelle
Published: October 2020

This paper explores the sociolinguistic patterning of glottal choices in the English spoken in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), a variety that variationist research has thus far eschewed. The analysis suggests that the schooling background of the speaker is the most crucial determinant for both /h/-dropping and /h/-insertion. These findings are not surprising given the dramatic social inequalities regarding access to educational opportunities that characterise the RMI. The locally-specific contact situation, in conjunction with the constraints on /h/-insertion, suggest that the English spoken in the Marshall Islands is typologically distinct from the Southern British dialect root described for other parts of the Pacific by Schreier (2019).
ID practice and theory
Authors: Pettersson Rune
Published: October 2020

This article describes some of many definitions of information design. Practical as well as theoretical aspects are important in information design. It is an applied science. We may view information design, as a “combined discipline,” as a “practical theory,” or as a “theoretical practice.” As an academic discipline, Information Design needs to incorporate theoretical contributions from other disciplines. The principles of information design are universal, and they are not tied to any unique features of a particular culture or language. One internal and six external information design theories are mentioned. Principles become the fundamental sources for development of practical guidelines.
Visual communication design
Authors: Simlinger Peter
Published: October 2020

Having graduated in architecture at the University of Technology Wien [Vienna], I subsequently engaged in
post-graduate studies at The Bartlett School of Architecture and Planning / University College London. Corporate design and
signage design attracted my attention. Back home a major bank and Vienna airport (VIE), among others, were the first clients of my
company. As chairman of Committee 133 “Public information symbols” of “Austrian Standards”, I was responsible for the elaboration
of several theme specific national and international standards.

In 1993 I founded the IIID International Institute for Information Design. Several r&d projects within the
frame of the 6th and 7th European Union Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development were carried out. However,
due to the required but denied support from the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research, the founding of an interdisciplinary
institute, affiliated to the United Nations University (UNU), did not materialize. No chance either to establish “Visual
Communication Design” at a local university. Until now the Department of Typography and Graphic Communication of The University of
Reading (UK) seems to be the only theme specific institution on tertiary university level in Europe. Challenges nowadays range
from legible medical package inserts to a much required unified system for the European Union highway signs.
Managing trouble spots in conversation
Authors: Klein Wendy
Published: October 2020

This study examines other-initiated repair sequences in everyday conversations between a bilingual youth with autism and his family members. The analysis is centered on the types of repair initiators produced by the youth, the targets of his repair elicitations, and his family members’ subsequent actions. Findings include two dominant patterns in the data that indicate marked differences in the ways the youth’s parents interact with him. The discussion highlights the youth’s ability to shift the participation framework to facilitate his understanding of a previous utterance; the analysis also reveals the strategies employed by some of his family members to encourage interactional progressivity. The concluding section addresses implications of the study for understanding how bilingual youth with autism target trouble sources, enact alignment, and draw from their bilingual proficiencies in everyday conversations.
Mi-nominalizations in JapaneseWakamono Kotoba‘youth language’
Authors: Seraku Tohru
Published: October 2020

This article explores grammatical and functional properties ofmi-nominalizations in JapaneseWakamono Kotoba‘youth language.’ In the standard variety, the suffix -minominalizes an adjective stem:fuka-mi‘deep-nmlz’ (= ‘profoundness’). This suffix is also used in youth language, but its productivity has expanded considerably. To mention a few, -miapplies to not only an adjective (stem) but also a verb, a noun, a pronoun, their phrasal counterparts, and even an onomatopoeia. We claim that these properties of -miare flexibly captured in the framework of nominalization recently proposed by Masayoshi Shibatani. This framework leads us to describe further unique properties ofmi-nominalization, such as “double nominalization” where an already-nominalized form undergoes a further nominalization process and the “sentential use” of a nominalized structure where a nominalized element functions as a sentence, with which an illocutionary speech act is performed.
Surface engineered bimetallic nanoparticles based therapeutic and imaging platform: Recent advancements and future perspective
Authors: Kotha Rohini , Fernandes Gasper , Nikam Ajinkya Nitin , Kulkarni Sanjay , Pandey Abhijeet , Pandey Sureshwar , Mutalik Srinivas
Published: October 2020

The unique physical and chemical properties of monometallic nanoparticles have been comprehensively explored. Analogously, the combination of two metals induces alterations in the system's electron density, termed as Bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNP's) were found to be more desirable than monometallic nanoparticles due to improved stability, activity, and selectivity, thus altering the chemical, optical, and electrical properties. In this review, we showcase the importance in the context of biomedical applications. The article sheds light on utilising BMNP's in the field of theranostics, diagnosis, and therapeutics by focusing on anticancer, antimicrobial and wound healing activity along with the toxicological problems associated with BMNP's. In conclusion, BMNP's can be used as a novel therapeutic and diagnostic system to tackle major health concerns.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Excessive plant compensatory growth: a potential endogenous driver of meadow degradation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Yong , Ganjurjav Hasbagan , Dong Shikui , Gao Qingzhu
Published: October 2020

Degradation of meadow ecosystems in the largest alpine region of the world, i.e., the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), is a crucial ecological issue that has ardently discussed in recent years. Many factors, such as livestock overgrazing, climate change and overpopulation of small mammals are treated as important factors that cause the degradation of meadow ecosystems in the QTP. However, there are few hypotheses focus on the potential role of plant compensatory growth on meadow degradation. We proposed a compensatory growth-related hypothesis to understand the potential degradation process of meadow ecosystems in the QTP. We discussed that there are two stages of meadow degradation, i.e. the beginning stage of meadow degradation that is triggered by high-strength overcompensation; and the intensification stage of meadow degradation, which are driven by external factors such as climate warming, small mammals and thawing of permafrost.The mechanism of meadow degradation driven by plant compensatory growth is the asynchronism of plant consumption and the availability of soil nutrients. Our hypothesis that plant compensatory growth drives meadow degradation under the overgrazing condition requires re-examination and modification by testing the balance between soil nutrient cycling rates and the strength of plant compensatory growth in alpine regions.
α-Synuclein modulates tau spreading in mouse brains
Authors: Bassil Fares , Meymand Emily S. , Brown Hannah J. , Xu Hong , Cox Timothy O. , Pattabhiraman Shankar , Maghames Chantal M. , Wu Qihui , Zhang Bin , Trojanowski John Q. , Lee Virginia M.-Y.
Published: October 2020

α-Synuclein (α-syn) and tau aggregates are the neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), respectively, although both pathologies co-occur in patients with these diseases, suggesting possible crosstalk between them. To elucidate the interactions of pathological α-syn and tau, we sought to model these interactions. We show that increased accumulation of tau aggregates occur following simultaneous introduction of α-syn mousepreformed fibrils (mpffs) and AD lysate–derived tau seeds (AD-tau) both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the absence of endogenous mouse α-syn in mice reduces the accumulation and spreading of tau, while the absence of tau did not affect the seeding or spreading capacity of α-syn. These in vivo results are consistent with our in vitro data wherein the presence of tau has no synergistic effects on α-syn. Our results point to the important role of α-syn as a modulator of tau pathology burden and spreading in the brains of AD, PDD, and DLB patients.
T reg cell–intrinsic requirements for ST2 signaling in health and neuroinflammation
Authors: Hemmers Saskia , Schizas Michail , Rudensky Alexander Y.
Published: October 2020

ST2, the receptor for the alarmin IL-33, is expressed by a subset of regulatory T (T reg) cells residing in nonlymphoid tissues, and these cells can potently expand upon provision of exogenous IL-33. Whether the accumulation and residence of T reg cells in tissues requires their cell-intrinsic expression of and signaling by ST2, or whether indirect IL-33 signaling acting on other cells suffices, has been a matter of contention. Here, we report that ST2 expression on T reg cells is largely dispensable for their accumulation and residence in nonlymphoid organs, including the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), even though cell-intrinsic sensing of IL-33 promotes type 2 cytokine production by VAT-residing T reg cells. In addition, we uncovered a novel ST2-dependent role for T reg cells in limiting the size of IL-17A–producing γδT cells in the CNS in a mouse model of neuroinflammation, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Finally, ST2 deficiency limited to T reg cells led to disease exacerbation in EAE.
Electron collisions with molecular hydrogen from electronically excited states using the R-matrix method
Authors: Meltzer T , Tennyson J
Published: October 2020

Cross section data for electron impact electronic excitation of electronically excited states of H2 are computed using fixed-nuclear R-matrix calculations. Specifically, there is a focus on transitions from the quasi-metastable excited states

a

Σ

g

+

3

and

c

Π

u

3

. Data are compared with known theoretical data where available. Our calculations suggest that the published cross sections are generally too large in the low energy (<20 eV) collision region. The effect of shifting the electronic excitation thresholds to those given by essentially exact calculations is tested.
Microstructural analysis of heteroepitaxial β-Ga2O3 films grown on (0001) sapphire by halide vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Li Yuewen , Xiu Xiangqian , Xu Wanli , Zhang Liying , Xie Zili , Tao Tao , Chen Peng , Liu Bin , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou
Published: October 2020

(

2
ˉ

01)-oriented β-Ga2O3 films have been grown on (0001) sapphire substrates using the halide vapor phase epitaxy method. The as-grown β-Ga2O3 films exhibit highly textured with domain-like surface morphologies and the root-mean-square roughness is measured at 6.2 nm using atomic force microscopy. The microstructure characteristics of the β-Ga2O3 film have been investigated comprehensively to understand the origin for the domain-like morphologies. Two in-plane rational domains with mirror-symmetrical atomic arrangement have been identified along the [010] axis of β-Ga2O3 by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, which are caused by the (0001) sapphire substrate symmetry. Various defects, including twinned crystals, inversion domains and domain boundaries etc, have been observed, leading to the rough surfaces and poor crystalline quality of β-Ga2O3 grown on non-angled (0001) sapphire substrate. Schematic diagrams and the oxygen atomic arrangements of β-Ga2O3 on ∼7° off-angled (0001) sapphire substrate toward the 〈11

2
ˉ

0〉 plane were proposed to illustrate the in-plane quasi-epitaxial relationships between the β-Ga2O3(400) film and the sapphire (11

2
ˉ

3) substrate, and to explain the single domain growth mechanism. The results would be helpful for improving the surface morphologies and crystalline quality of heteroepitaxial Ga2O3 films.
Ferromagnetic resonance in single vertices and 2D lattices macro-dipoles of elongated nanoelements: measurements and simulations
Authors: Bang Wonbae , Silvani R , Hoffmann A , Ketterson J B , Montoncello F , Jungfleisch M B
Published: October 2020

We report broadband ferromagnetic resonance measurements of the in-plane magnetic field response of three- and four-fold symmetric vertices formed by non-contacting permalloy nano-ellipses together with extended lattices constructed from them. Complementing the experimental data with simulations, we are able to show that, as far as the most intense FMR responses are concerned, the spectra of vertices and lattices can largely be interpreted in terms of a superposition of the underlying hysteretic responses of the individual ellipses, as elemental building blocks of the system. This property suggest that it is possible to understand the orientation of the individual magnetic dipole moments in a dipole network in terms of dynamic measurements alone, thereby offering a powerful tool to analyze the alignment statistics in frustrated systems that are exposed to various magnetic histories.
Nanoscale melamine-based porous organic frameworks as host material for efficient polysulfides chemisorption in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Sun Miao , Ji Haifeng , Guan Yani , Zhang Yue , Zhang Xiaojie , Jiang Xiaoxia , Qu Xiongwei , Li Jingde
Published: October 2020

In order to improve the electrochemical capacity of lithium–sulfur batteries (LiSBs), it is necessary to introduce the porous organic frameworks with well-defined hetero atom species in cathode. In this work, porous nanomaterials with ultra-high nitrogen containing and adjustable porosity named Schiff-based networks (SNWs) were selected as potential candidate for sulfur host in LiSBs. Two SNW samples have been constructed by reacting melamine with phenyl or biphenyl dialdehydes through microwave-assisted method, respectively. The high BET surface area provided sufficient room to impregnate sulfur and mitigated volume changes during the cycling performance. Besides, the high density and homogeneous distribution of pyridinic-N and aminic-N in SNW nanoparticles can cooperatively form lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) chemisorption via enhanced Li+–N interactions to effectively suppressed the ‘shuttle effect’. Attributed to its structural superiorities, SNW/S cathode demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance in LiSBs. In particular, SNW-2/S cathode delivers an excellent cyclability with a specific capacity of 620 mAh · g−1 after 500 cycles at 0.5 C, counting with a low capacity fading of 0.0508% per cycle. This work highlights the importance of rational design for effective LiPSs chemisorption and pioneers a facile strategy for developing suitable sulfur host materials towards high-performance LiSBs.
Versatile and robust synthesis process for the fine control of the chemical composition and core-crystallinity of spherical core–shell Au@Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Suyeon , Portalès Hervé , Walls Michael , Beaunier Patricia , Goubet Nicolas , Tremblay Benoit , Margueritat Jérémie , Saviot Lucien , Courty Alexa
Published: October 2020

Au nanoparticles (NPs) characterized by distinct surface chemistry (including dodecanethiol or oleylamine as capping agent), different sizes (∼5 and ∼10 nm) and crystallinities (polycrystalline or single crystalline), were chosen as seeds to demonstrate the versatility and robustness of our two-step core–shell Au@Ag NP synthesis process. The central component of this strategy is to solubilize the shell precursor (AgNO3) in oleylamine and to induce the growth of the shell on selected seeds under heating. The shell thickness is thus controlled by the temperature, the annealing time, the (shell precursor)/(seed) concentration ratio, seed size and crystallinity. The shell thickness is thus shown to increase with the reactant concentration and to grow faster on polycrystalline seeds. The crystalline structure and chemical composition were characterized by HRTEM, STEM-HAADF, EELS and Raman spectroscopy. The plasmonic response of Au@Ag core–shell NPs as a function of core size and shell thickness was assessed by spectrophotometry and simulated by calculations based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method. Finally, the nearly monodisperse core–shell Au@Ag NPs were shown to form micrometer-scale facetted 3D fcc-ordered superlattices (SLs) after solvent evaporation and deposition on a solid substrate. These SLs are promising candidates for applications as a tunable surface-enhanced Raman scattering platform.
Mechanism and dynamics of picosecond radial breakdown of a gas-filled coaxial line
Authors: Zubarev Nikolay M , Kozhevnikov Vasily Yu , Kozyrev Andrey V , Mesyats Gennady A , Semeniuk Natalia S , Sharypov Konstantin A , Shunailov Sergei A , Yalandin Michael I
Published: October 2020

High-voltage picosecond breakdown of an atmospheric-pressure air-filled coaxial line in the radial electric field of a propagating transverse electromagnetic wave has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. On the one hand, we demonstrate that gas preionization by runaway electrons (RAEs) plays a decisive role in the breakdown development process: the breakdown delay time drastically increases in the absence of RAEs. On the other hand, it is established that, for sufficiently short pulses, the radial gap switching process does not have enough time to develop even in a situation where the RAE flow is effectively generated. Fundamental limitations on the breakdown strength of gas coaxial feeders imposed by this effect are discussed.
Dependence of dissipated power on applied voltage for surface barrier discharge from simplest equivalent circuit
Authors: Pipa A V , Hink R , Foest R , Brandenburg R
Published: October 2020

Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are characterized by electrical measurements interpreted on the basis of equivalent circuits. The concept of the simplest equivalent circuit of volume DBDs is expanded to surface DBDs (SDBDs); this was completed by taking into account the discharge expansion on the dielectric-gas interface. It is assumed, that this expansion is not limited by the dimension of the electrodes. This approach delivers an analytical relationship for the dissipated power as a function of the applied voltage amplitude. It applies to SDBDs with sufficiently long embedded electrodes and operated by sinusoidal high voltages. The obtained relations were validated by comparison with experimental data obtained from previous work devoted to SDBDs with 20 mm elongated electrodes operated in ambient air and for applied peak-to-peak voltages of up to 20 kV at 1 kHz frequency. The dependencies derived from the equivalent circuit agree well with experimentally recorded charge and dissipated energy.
The nature of s-process nucleosynthesis in low mass AGB stars based on individual Barium star observations
Authors: Cseh B , Vil´agos B , Lugaro M , D’Orazi V , Karakas A I , Pereira C B
Published: October 2020

Barium stars are now primaries in a binary system with a former asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star. Here we compare some available AGB nucleosynthesis models and the observed s-process abundances of individual Ba star measurements to constrain the nature of the s-process in low mass AGB stars. After correcting the models with a dilution factor calculated for [Ce/Fe], we found that some of the sample stars show higher abundances for light s-process elements than the model predictions. This might be attributed to diffusive mixing in the stars.
Global R-matrix analysis of the 11B(α,n)14N reaction
Authors: deBoer R. J. , Liu Q. , Chen Y. , Couder M. , Görres J. , Lamere E. , Long A.M. , Lyons S. , Manukyan K. , Morales L. , Robertson D. , Seymour C. , Seymour G. , Stech E. , Vande Kolk B. , Wiescher M.
Published: October 2020

Reactions that populate the 15N system have implications for nucleosynthesis through the 11B(α, n)14N and 14N(n, p)14C reactions and the 14N(n, p)14C reaction is also a key component in modeling atmospheric 14C production. A convenient characteristic of this system is that the α-particle, proton, and neutron separation energies are all within ≍1 MeV of one another. Further, it has been observed that 11B+α, 14N+n and 14C+p induced reactions all populate many of the same resonances near their reaction thresholds. This strongly facilitates the simultaneous analysis of data for all three of these entrance partitions using a global R-matrix analysis, which in turn provides a method of comparing the consistency among the different experimental measurements. In this work, a new measurement has been performed for the 11B(α, n)14N reaction, which gives a more accurate description of the cross section, in particular over an important interference region. This new data is combined with results from previous measurements, which populate a similar excitation energy range in the 15N system, to produce a global fit that includes 11B(α, n)14N reaction data for the first time.
The creation of the first r-process peak elements; effects of beta decay rates and nuclear masses
Authors: Nikas Stylianos , Pinedo Gabriel Martinez , Sieverding re
Published: October 2020

We present a study exploring the impact of nuclear masses and beta-decay rates on the creation of the first r-process peak. We explore a large range of conditions, matching the recent observations of the blue kilonova, and determine the appropriate conditions for creating the first r-process peak elements. We use the nuclear reaction code TALYS to calculate (n, γ) reaction rates, and the GSINet code for reaction network calculations. We conclude that an electron fraction between 0.35 and 0.4 and entropy of (10-20) k B/baryon should be considered to match the r-process residuals. Furthermore, we explore the impact of masses and beta-decays on the production of A « 80 nuclei.
Impact of forbidden electron capture in intermediate-mass stars
Authors: Strömberg Dag F , Mart´ınez-Pinedo Gabriel , Jones Samuel , Kirsebom Oliver S , Nowacki Frédéric
Published: October 2020

Intermediate-mass stars (7-11 M⊙) form degenerate ONe cores following carbon burning. In some cases the cores grow dense enough to trigger electron capture on various nuclei. The double electron capture 20Ne(e-, v
e)20F(e-, νe
)20O releases enough heat to trigger runaway oxygen burning. Depending on the conditions at ignition the outcome is either a collapse to a neutron star or a thermonuclear explosion with an ONeFe remnant. We have investigated the impact of two forbidden transitions on the ignition conditions using the MESA stellar evolution code. The 0+ → 2+ transition between the ground states of 20Ne and 20F has been measured experimentally and is found to decrease the ignition density while pushing the point of ignition off-centre. We have also studied the 2+ → 4+ transition between 24Na and 24Ne through a shell model calculation. Its impact is found to be marginal in our simulations, but it might play a role in the development of convectional instabilities.
Color Design: Stage Research of Rail Car Virtual Simulation Project
Authors: Tao Ran , Meng Yuhan
Published: October 2020

For a long time, the display mode of color design is mostly two-dimensional pictures, which is relatively single, and there is still a certain gap between the effect and the reality. Based on the technology of virtual reality, this paper aims to change the traditional way of color perception of picture, through the three-dimensional color display mode of virtual simulation, to realize the real feeling of car body color design, and to facilitate the revision and improvement of color design. Analyze the color proportion and various RGB values in the existing color pictures, design the color of the rail car according to the relevant values, and carry on the virtual simulation display.
The Evaluation Model of Ship Operating Efficiency and Verification in Massive Operation Data
Authors: Meng Weiming , Huang Lianzhong , Ma Ranqi
Published: October 2020

Aiming at increasing the ship operating income, the ship operating efficiency is proposed and explained in detail. Based on the analysis of relevant factors affecting ship operation, the mathematical model of ship operating efficiency is constructed, in which the cargo transportation, cargo turnover, fuel oil consumption of the main engine and the general berthing time are employed to measure the annual operating efficiency of the ship which has a good rationality, and the calculation and verification are carried out using the mass operation data collected by a typical ship as an example. The results show that the ship’s operating efficiency model is effective, which can help shipping companies form a series of intelligent decision support in order to promote the level of ship operation management.
Measurement and Analysis of Structural Stress Changes of River-Sea Direct Ships on Specific Routes During Navigation
Authors: Lei Jiang , Ji Yongbo , Xu Jianyong
Published: October 2020

In order to study the dynamic response and motion response characteristics of the river-sea direct ship’s structure under different conditions and waves during the navigation of the river section and the sea section, a container ship on the route from Wuhan to Yangshan was tested by using dynamic strain gauge, motion sensor and wave height gauge. The test points are arranged in the front and rear end walls of the cargo tank area, the middle section of the ship, the corner of the hatch, the intersection of the longitudinal bulkhead and the inner bottom plate and other areas that may produce high stress. The test results show that the wave environment conditions of the route area of the Yangtze River estuary are more complex, and the response components of the ship structure are more variable, which is quite different from the response of the structure in the Yangtze River Estuary; the predicted value of wave load is similar to the measured value, and the predicted bending moment is slightly larger than the measured bending moment.
The Prediction of Traffic Flow Based on Long Short-Term Memory Network for All Weather
Authors: Peiqun Lin , Chuhao Zhou
Published: October 2020

To set up a schedule of toll collector in advance and reduce the queue length and traffic congestion of toll stations, this paper proposes a short-term forecasting method for toll stations based on long short-term memory network. First, we analyze the quality of highway toll data. Then, a data preprocessing method based on the cubical smoothing algorithm with five-point approximation is designed. Moreover, we establish the traffic data set which is associated with the toll stations information and time. Then we construct a traffic flow prediction model. Taking the Airport Station of Airport Highway in Guangzhou as an example, then test the validity and real-time performance of our model. The results show that the mean absolute percentage error of the prediction is about 3.6% when the forecast horizon of prediction is 5 minutes; when the forecast horizon of prediction is 10 minutes, the mean absolute percentage error is about 6.07%; when the forecast horizon of prediction is 15 minutes, the mean absolute percentage error is about 8.68%, therefore, the model can accurately predict the traffic flow of toll stations. At the same time, compared with the KNN algorithm and GBDT algorithm, the model of this paper not only has higher prediction accuracy, but also has better adaptability to predict the peak, and when weather is adverse, the algorithm of this paper also can predict accurately through extracting the relevance of time in data set effectively.
Experimental study on the liquefaction process of iron concentrate on swing table
Authors: Weiwen Qian , Jianwei Zhang , Wenfeng Wu , Jinshu Lu
Published: October 2020

Liquefaction of the bulk particle cargoes is a serious hidden risk for the ore transportation ship. To further understand the liquefaction mechanism of the particle cargoes, the model experiments have been carried out, by adopting saturated iron concentrate samples and the six degrees of freedom swing table. The effect of external load frequency on pore water pressure and excess pore pressure ratio was investigated. Results show that the external load is the main factor causing liquefaction of the cargo, and the possibility of liquefaction of different parts of the whole cargo is different. The bottom part of the cargo changes the most under different external loads, while the top does not.
Study on Temperature Field of Asphalt Pavement in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Zhang Yiluo , Dong Xuechao , Wang Jiawei , Li Ning
Published: October 2020

In view of the special geographical landform, complex climate and serious influence of climate on roads in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, by studying the temperature field of asphalt pavement in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, the respective characteristics and differences of the temperature distribution of asphalt pavement structure are obtained in this paper. The results show that the road surface temperature of the asphalt pavement in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia has a correlation with the atmospheric temperature, especially in spring and autumn. With the increase of the depth of pavement structure, the correlation between temperature and atmospheric temperature gradually becomes weaken, and it is basically out of the variation regularities of temperature at the pavement base.
Two-Phase Algorithm to Multiple Depots Vehicle Routing Problem with Soft Time Windows
Authors: Chen Ailing , Gu Xinxin , Gao Zhao
Published: October 2020

With the rapid growth of social economy, many companies often have multiple distribution centers. In this paper, multiple depots vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (MDVRPSTW) is researched. A mathematical model, which is aiming to minimize the transport cost, is established. Two-phase algorithm is designed to solve this problem. In the first phase, customers’ orders are distributed to the distribution center by exact algorithm. In the second phase, all the route of each distribution center is calculated. Because this problem is an NP-hard problem, it is difficult to get optimal solution fast when calculating large scale examples, improved genetic algorithm is adopted to solve this problem. In this paper, traditional roulette selection method is abandoned in the stage of designing the selection operator, so as to avoid that the early high fitness individuals occupy the population rapidly and the later population stops evolution due to the small difference of individual fitness. Finally, a practice example of a certain company is calculated by the above method to verify the efficiency of algorithm in this paper.
Simulation Research on the Driving Stability of Articulated Vehicle Based on ADAMS
Authors: Fang Wei-Ping , Yang Xiao-Jun , Li Yong
Published: October 2020

The vehicle dynamical model was established by taking the articulated vehicle driven electrically as the research object, and the vehicle dynamical simulation was carried out by using ADAMS. The effects of different center of mass position, steering parameters, mass, lateral stiffness of tire, suspension stiffness and damping on the driving stability of articulated vehicle were analyzed. The simulation results showed that the driving stability of the articulated vehicle was improved by factors such as the position of the center of mass closing to the hinged point, increasing the steering stiffness and damping, reducing the lateral stiffness of the tire, increasing the suspension stiffness and damping, appropriately increasing the rear body mass, etc. This study provided a reference for the design and improvement of the vehicle.
Construction Technology of Comprehensive Disposal for Shallowburied Section of Mountaintunnel
Authors: Du Yu , Jiang Jikun
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the Wushi tunnel of Qingyun Expressway in Guangdong Province is taken as the engineering background, the shallow buried section of mountain tunnel is the area with frequent tunnel diseases, in order to solve the problems of poor self-stability of the excavation surface, destruction of supporting structure and water inrush caused by fully weathered surrounding rock in shallow tunnel, after integrating the treatment technology of the existing fully weathered surrounding rock shallow buried tunnel, pre-reinforcement treatment of fully weathered granite with cover grouting technology on deep surface, the working face is excavated after being pre-supported by a double-layer advanced small pipe and using a new type of self-adhesive waterproof membrane to ensure the waterproof effect of the lining, safe and efficient completion of shallow tunnel excavation, Then backfill the soil of the construction surface to carry out ecological restoration work. Through the study of this process, the construction process flow of the fully weathered surrounding rock shallow buried tunnel is summarized, and the key points of each construction stage are pointed out to ensure the construction quality and optimize the construction technology of the shallow buried section of the mountain tunnel, which provide a reference for other similar engineering problems.
GA-ARIMA Model-Based Analysis of Arrival time at Bus Stop
Authors: Xiang Guo , Deyong Guan , Yuxuan Xue
Published: October 2020

Background With the ever-changing urban development and a growing number of vehicles, the road congestion problem has become a hotspot issue at present. As an important constituent part of road traffic system, public traffic system has become an effective force relieving the traffic congestion problem. Objective To explore how to better reduce the prediction error of arrival time at bus stop on basis of actual GPS bus data. Method The arrival time at bus stop was analyzed based on GPS data, a time series optimization model based on genetic algorithm was established, followed by the prediction error analysis of arrival time at bus stop. Result The prediction result of GA-ARIMA model is superior to that of the traditional time series model, which indicates the effectiveness of this model.
Deployment mode of District centralized cooling system in City
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhen Yun , Zeng Sun Qi , Liu WeiXiong
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, district central cooling system is used widely to provide cooling for a city or a large area. The existence of a large amount of vanadium brings unexpected problems to the prevention of high temperature. This paper discusses the main features of District centralized cooling system, introduces the characteristics and construction of the multi-energy system including district centralized cooling system. The corresponding planning and deployment methods are described. Design and deployment of system are introduced. From the energy system of Guangzhou university town and Qian Hai Area of Shen Zhen, the composition of energy system of district and its application in different area are studied.
Analysis on the difference of time and space allocation of slots at regional hub airports: A Comparative Case Study of CTU and CKG
Authors: Peiwen Zhang , Fumin Du , Tong Chen , Yidan Wu
Published: October 2020

Taking Chengdu Shuangliu(CTU) and Chongqing Jiangbei(CKG) as examples, using flight data with methods such as volatility and external connection degree, the difference in slots allocation between adjacent regional hub airports from the time and space dimensions is quantitatively depicted. It shows that the overall flight schedule of CTU and CKG is similar, but during peak hours, the strong passenger demand of CTU Airport makes its flight volume more stable, moreover CKG enters the peak hour one hour later than CTU. The morning and evening peak-shaped flight waves are formed in both airports, but the take-off and landing intervals of CTU during peak hours are shorter than that of CKG. In addition, the take-off peak period of CKG is shorter than that of CTU; those with high external connections between the two airports are provincial capitals or sub-provincial cities in domestic, although some cities in remote provinces are more inclined to connect to CTU. International cities with higher external connections are all over China, especially nearly half of the international flights from both cities are to Southeast Asia, and connection degree between CTU and Southeast Asia is higher than Chongqing.
Development characteristics of inner rail corrugation in small radius curve of Metro
Authors: Yin Xianxian , Wei Xiukun
Published: October 2020

This paper mainly studies the influence of different curve positions of metro’s small radius curve and the tidality of metro passenger flow on the development of inner rail corrugation. Based on the material friction and wear theory, the rail wear is simulated and analyzed to analyze the time-frequency characteristics of rail corrugated wear. And the development characteristics of rail corrugation are revealed by the analysis of the natural frequency response of the rail and the vibration mode analysis. The results show that the rail corrugation disease first appears on the circular curve, and the occurrence of corrugation is related to the lateral first-order and second-order bending vibrations of the rail. In addition, the tidal nature of subway passenger flow leads to the extension of the rail surface corrugation at its initial position, producing a series of sub-waves with different wave depths.
Self-organization Evolution Model and Application of Travel Mode System Based on Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Wang Qiuping , Ma Jingyi , Tao Ke
Published: October 2020

The imbalance between traffic supply and demand is the root cause of urban transport problems. Travel mode is the most direct carrier of travel activities. It is feasible to improve traffic problems by optimizing the system it constitutes. Taking the evolution process of the travel mode system as the research object, we modified the model based on the characteristics of different travel modes and built the self-organization evolution model of the travel mode system based on the logistics equation. Using the sensitivity analysis we concluded that the most significant factor influencing the final state of the system evolution is the coopetition relationship among ground buses, private cars, and rail transit. We further analyzed this relationship among three travel modes based on stability theory and obtained the development characteristics of the cooper-competition effect and the corresponding countermeasures, which provides an idea for the optimization of the system structure.