bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of residential indoor gas- and particle-phase water-soluble organic carbon: measurements during the CASA experiment
Authors: Webb Marc , Morrison Glenn , Baumann Karsten , Li Jienan , Ditto Jenna C. , Huynh Han N. , Yu Jie , Mayer Kathryn , Mael Liora , Vance Marina E. , Farmer Delphine K. , Abbatt Jonathan , Poppendieck Dustin , Turpin Barbara J.
Published: October 2024

A system for semi-continuous real-time monitoring of gas- and particle-phase water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) was used to provide quantitative insights into the concentrations dynamics of WSOC in indoor air.
Chemodivergent alkylation of trifluoromethyl alkenes via photocatalytic coupling with alkanes
Authors: Martínez-Balart Pol , Velasco-Rubio Álvaro , Barbeira-Arán Sergio , Jiménez-Cristóbal Hugo , Fañanás-Mastral Martín
Published: October 2024

A photocatalytic methodology for the chemodivergent direct cross-coupling of simple alkanes with trifluoromethyl alkenes that enables the selective formation of gem-difluoroalkenes and trifluoromethyl alkanes is presented.
Selective electrosynthesis of aldehydes at industrially relevant current densities via tandem electrochemical–chemical catalysis
Authors: Lin Ting , Cai Menglu , Chen Huijie , Mo Yiming
Published: October 2024

A closed-loop tandem electrochemical–chemical catalysis system for aldehyde synthesis was developed, demonstrating a viable approach for the electrosynthesis of valuable intermediates under practical current densities with minimal waste electrolyte.
An integrated microfluidic platform for on-site qPCR analysis: food allergen detection from sample to result
Authors: Bourdat Anne-Gaëlle , den Dulk Remco , Serrano Bastien , Boizot François , Clarebout Gervais , Mermet Xavier , Charles Raymond , Porcherot Jean , Keiser Armelle , Alessio Manuel , Laurent Patricia , Sarrut Nicolas , Cubizolles Myriam
Published: October 2024

A microfluidic platform integrates sample preparation and subsequent multiplex qPCR detection for on-site allergen testing. Gluten, sesame, soy and hazelnut from various complex food matrices are simultaneously detected in close to two hours.
Evaluating the electronic structure and stability of epitaxially grown Sr-doped LaFeO3 perovskite alkaline O2 evolution model electrocatalysts
Authors: Tian Chuanmu , Maheu Clément , Huang Xiaochun , Oropeza Freddy E. , Major Márton , Brötz Joachim , Einert Marcus , Donner Wolfgang , Zhang Kelvin Hongliang , Hofmann Jan P.
Published: October 2024

O2 evolution activity of La1−xSrxFeO3 depends on the presence of hole states below the conduction-band-minimum, whose stability is compromised by Sr-leaching.
Dielectric-constant effects on the exciton dissociation and photovoltaic conversion efficiency of water-soluble green conducting polymers
Authors: Wei Xin , Williams Daniel , Fanchini Giovanni
Published: October 2024

Environment-friendly manufacturing is vital for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) to be genuinely clean. We show why dielectric constant optimization in the donor material is key to optimize green, water-processed OPVs, as well as any other form of OPVs.
Novel benzenesulfonamides containing a dual triazole moiety with selective carbonic anhydrase inhibition and anticancer activity
Authors: Buza Aida , Türkeş Cüneyt , Arslan Mustafa , Demir Yeliz , Dincer Busra , Nixha Arleta Rifati , Beydemir Şükrü
Published: October 2024

In this research, a series of sulfonamides incorporating a 1,2,3-triazolyloxime substituted 1,2,3-triazolyl moiety was conceptualized, synthesized, and investigated as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Self-contact snapping metamaterial for tensile energy dissipation
Authors: Yan Sen , Meng Zhiqiang , Liu Wenlong , Tan Xiaojun , Cao Peizheng , Wen Yongzheng , Xiang Zheng , Chen Jie , Xu Yong , Wang Yifan , Sun Jingbo , Wu Lingling , Zhou Ji
Published: October 2024

We propose a mechanical metamaterial that enables energy dissipation in the tensile direction. Its mechanism, driven by elastic instability from self-contact, offers superior comprehensive performance compared to existing works.
Hot off the Press
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: October 2024

A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as asperochone A from Aspergillus sp. MMC-2.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of lipid A derived from commensal Bacteroides
Authors: Verpalen Enrico C. J. M. , Ehlers Anna M. , van Wingaarden Aldo C. A. , Brouwer Arwin J. , Boons Geert-Jan
Published: October 2024

Synthetic lipid A from B. fragilis does not induce the production of IL-6 and IFN-β but can partially antagonize the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by E. coli LPS or lipid A.
A long-range synergistic effect between Ptn clusters and Zn1 single atoms for efficient selective hydrogenations
Authors: Wei Haisheng , Li Jing , Yan Xiaorui , Liu Tiantian , Li Kairui , Feng Dan , Ren Yujing
Published: October 2024

Benefiting from the long-range synergistic effect between Ptn clusters and Zn1 single atoms, Ptn@Zn1-N–C displays superior catalytic performance in selective hydrogenations.
Research progress in optical materials with cationic organic planar π-conjugated groups containing CN bonds
Authors: Jia Hangwei , Hou Xueling , Pan Shilie
Published: October 2024

The calculated polarizability anisotropy, hyperpolarizability and HOMO–LUMO gap of optically active groups.
Up-converting β-NaY0.8[Yb0.18Er0.02]F4 nanoparticles coated by superparamagnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanosatellites: elaboration, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity
Authors: Parvizian M. , Mnasri W. , Pleckaitis M. , Karabanovas V. , Khan H. , Nowak S. , Gam-Derouich S. , Ben Tahar L. , Sandre O. , Rotomskis R. , Ammar S.
Published: October 2024

100 nm sized up-converting β-NaY0.8[Yb0.18Er0.02]F4 cores were decorated with 10 nm sized superparamagnetic g-Fe2O3 nanosatellites forming valuable probes for bimodal optical and magnetic imaging, without inducing acute toxicity on mammalian cells.
Direct ink writing of high explosive composites containing metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Kim Eun-Young , Kim Seong han , Han Mingu , Moon Su-Young
Published: October 2024

An RDX-based ink containing nanoporous materials and GAP binder was printed on an Al substrate. The patterns containing MOFs demonstrated exceptional detonation properties with long traces owing to the artificial porosity of the MOFs.
A simple Ag–MoS2 hybrid nanozyme-based sensor array for colorimetric identification of biothiols and cancer cells
Authors: Li Yin , Liu Yumeng , Zhang Yueqin , Dong Mengmeng , Cao Lidong , Jiang Kai
Published: October 2024

The intracellular levels of biothiols are associated with various diseases including cancer, and biothiols are regarded as tumor biomarker.
Deoxyfluorination with superacids – synthesis and characterization of protonated α-fluorohydroxyacetic acid
Authors: Virmani Alan , Jessen Christoph , Nitzer Alexander , Kornath Andreas J.
Published: October 2024

In this work, we present an unconventional synthesis route to generate a novel α-fluorohydroxy compound with an additional functional group.
Analysis of dislocation defects in compositionally step-graded α-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 layers
Authors: Yasuoka Tatsuya , Susami Hiromu , Liu Li , Dang Giang T. , Kawaharamura Toshiyuki
Published: October 2024

The dislocations in α-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 layers were bent by the strain caused by the composition change, resulting in a decrease in the number of dislocations.
Revealing the TMA2SnI4/GaN band alignment and carrier transfer across the interface
Authors: Zdanowicz Ewelina , Przypis Łukasz , Żuraw Wiktor , Grodzicki Miłosz , Chlipała Mikołaj , Skierbiszewski Czesław , Herman Artur P. , Kudrawiec Robert
Published: October 2024

The type II band alignment was found at the TMA2SnI4/GaN interface, with conduction and valence band offsets of 0.2 eV and 1.5 eV, respectively.
Disruptions to protein kinase A localization in adrenal pathology
Authors: Omar Mitchell H.
Published: October 2024

Cell signaling fidelity requires specificity in protein-protein interactions and precise subcellular localization of signaling molecules. In the case of protein phosphorylation, many kinases and phosphatases exhibit promiscuous substrate pairing and therefore require targeting interactions to modify the appropriate substrates and avoid cross-talk among different pathways. In the past 10 years, researchers have discovered and investigated how loss of specific interactions and subcellular targeting for the protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PKAc) lead to cortisol-producing adenomas and the debilitating stress disorder adrenal Cushing's syndrome. This article reviews classical studies regarding PKA localization in glucocorticoid-producing adrenal cells and synthesizes recent evidence of disrupted PKA localization and selective regulatory interactions in adrenal pathology.
Integrated berth allocation and quay crane assignment and scheduling problem under the influence of various factors
Authors: Yu Meng , Liu Xuetao , Ji Xiaojing , Ren Yucong , Guo Wenjing
Published: October 2024

As the important resources and equipment of container terminals, berths and quay cranes (QCs) face various challenges in actual operations and their operation efficiency in turn affects the performance of the whole terminal. The authors investigate an integrated berth allocation and QC assignment and scheduling problem under the influence of various factors, including the two main factors of vessel arrival time uncertainty and tide, and the two secondary factors of berth deviation and interference between cranes. To formulate the problem, the authors develop a multi‐factor robust scheduling model. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) with Brain Storm Optimisation based on the Contract Net Protocol (CNP) is designed to optimise the berth and QC scheduling scheme. Specifically, the authors use the GA for individual coding and population initialisation, use the brainstorming algorithm for clustering, and introduce the CNP for individual updating. The experimental results show that the designed algorithm can adapt the scheduling plan to complex environments and can improve the service level of terminals.
Transmission design for ISAC‐WPT backscatter RFID systems
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhi Junlei , Yang Shaochuan , Guo Hui
Published: October 2024

In this letter, a novel integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) scenario with wireless power transfer (ISAC‐WPT) is investigated. In this new setup, an access point simultaneously employs communication and sensing beams to serve a communication user, detect an RFID tag, and power an energy receiver. The objective is to design the sensing and communication beams to minimize the total transmit power while satisfying the requirements of tag detection, communication, and energy harvesting. To address the corresponding non‐convex problem, the constraints are reformulated into convex second‐order cone constraints, thereby obtaining the globally optimal solution. To further reduce computational complexity, zero‐forcing is employed to design the beamforming vectors, followed by solving a convex optimization problem to determine the optimal power allocation between sensing and communication beams. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed beamforming designs, highlighting the potential of ISAC‐WPT Backscatter RFID systems.
A novel method based on the SCNGO‐ICEEMDAN and MCNN‐BiLSTM model for fault diagnosis of motor bearings for more electric aircraft
Authors: Yuan Dongsheng , Liu Feng , Yin Zhonggang , Zhang Yanqing , Zhang Yanping , Luo Peien
Published: October 2024

The fault signal characteristics of motor rolling bearings for more electric aircraft are easily masked by strong background noise. Directly using machine learning, deep learning, or other methods results in a lower accuracy in fault recognition. In this article, a Northern Goshawk algorithm using a fusion subtraction optimiser and Cauchy strategy (SCNGO) is proposed to optimise the number of white noise additions and amplitude weights in the improved full set empirical mode decomposition method based on adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN). Then, a multi‐scale convolutional neural network (MCNN) is used to extract the time–frequency domain features of the de‐noised signal and perform information fusion. Finally, the bidirectional long short‐term memory network (BiLSTM) was used to learn the faults' fusion features and complete the faults' recognition at different speeds. The research results show that the SCNGO‐ICEEMDAN and MCNN‐BiLSTMT model shows significant advantages in bearing fault recognition with an average recognition accuracy of 98.67% at various speeds.
Challenges and solutions in low‐inertia power systems with high wind penetration
Authors: Elenga Baningobera Bwandakassy , Oleinikova Irina , Ulhen Kjetil , Pokhrel Basanta Raj
Published: October 2024

The global energy landscape is undergoing a profound transformation, marked by an unprecedented integration of renewable sources. This paradigm shift brings forth the challenge of low inertia in power systems, posing significant uncertainties to grid stability and reliability. This paper addresses these challenges and proposes innovative solutions to ensure the resilience of future transmission networks. The paper leverages advanced modeling techniques, including dynamic simulation models and control methods, to analyse real‐world case studies, mainly focusing on wind power plants operating as hybrid plants with integrated energy storage systems and participating in reserves markets to provide frequency response. The analysis includes adapting the Nordic equivalent power system model, allowing a deeper understanding of the dynamics of low‐inertia environments and the impact of renewable energy integration. The aim is to provide valuable insights into the complex interactions within low‐inertia power systems and highlight the importance of adapting power systems to ensure resilience in evolving energy scenarios. Compared to existing strategies, the proposed method enhances the grid's ability to maintain frequency stability, even with significant renewable energy penetration. The paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on building sustainable and reliable future transmission networks through empirical analysis and theoretical modeling. It emphasizes technical strategies, operational advancements, and policy considerations essential for navigating the challenges posed by the transition to renewable energy sources.
Effects of field line expansion on Alfvén waves and vortices
Authors: Taroyan Y. , Borradaile T.
Published: October 2024

Context. Simulations and observations of the solar atmosphere often reveal the presence of torsional Alfvén waves and vortices with sufficient power to heat the solar corona and accelerate the solar wind.

Aims. We challenge the long-held view that low-frequency Alfvén waves are suppressed due to inhomogeneities and steep spatial gradients in the atmosphere. Alfvén waves and vortices in a stratified solar atmosphere are modelled with the aim of calculating and comparing their energy flux for different field line geometries.

Methods. We show that the general problem of linear Alfvén wave propagation along field lines of arbitrary geometry can be reduced to a set of Klein–Gordon equations for the perturbations of the magnetic field and velocity. Solutions and corresponding energy fluxes are constructed for three cases with different expansion rates of the field lines in the lower atmosphere.

Results. Expansion rates that are associated with cut-off free propagation in the lower atmosphere suppress the perturbation amplitudes and the corresponding energy flux. These include the uniform field model and the thin flux tube model. A counterexample with an intermediate field line expansion rate and non-vanishing cut-offs exhibits consistently large perturbation amplitudes and unrestricted energy flux across the entire frequency spectrum.

Conclusions. Field lines with different expansion rates and geometries in the lower atmosphere can significantly alter the amplitudes of the Alfvén waves and vortices and the extent of the energy flux entering the corona.
Destruction of interstellar methyl cyanide (CH3CN) via collisions with He+⋅ ions
Authors: Mancini Luca , Valença Ferreira de Aragão Emília , Pirani Fernando , Rosi Marzio , Faginas-Lago Noelia , Richardson Vincent , Martini Luca Matteo , Podio Linda , Lippi Manuela , Codella Claudio , Ascenzi Daniela
Published: October 2024

Context. CH3CN (methyl cyanide) is one of the simplest and most abundant interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs), and has been detected in young solar analogues, shocked regions, protoplanetary discs, and comets. CH3CN can therefore be considered a key species to explore the chemical connections between the planet-forming disk phase and comets. However, for such comparison to be meaningful, kinetics data for the reactions leading to CH3CN formation and destruction must be updated.

Aims. Here we focus on the destruction of methyl cyanide through collisions with He+. . We employed a combined experimental and theoretical methodology to obtain cross sections (CSs) and branching ratios (BRs) as a function of collision energy, from which we calculated reaction rate coefficients k(T) in the temperature range from 10 to 300 K.

Methods. We measured CSs and BRs using a guided ion beam setup, and developed a theoretical treatment based on an analytical formulation of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) for the charge exchange process. The method employs a Landau Zener model to obtain reaction probabilities at crossings between the entrance and exit PESs, and an adiabatic centrifugal sudden approximation to calculate CSs and k(T), from subthermal to hyper-thermal regimes.

Results. k(T) and experimental BRs differ from those predicted from widely used capture models. In particular, the rate coefficient at 10 K is estimated to be almost one order of magnitude smaller than what is reported in the KIDA database. In addition, the charge exchange is completely dissociative and the most abundant fragments are HCCN+/CCNH+ , HCNH+ and CH2+.

Conclusions. Our results, combined with a revised chemical network for the formation of CH3CN, support the hypothesis that methyl cyanide in protoplanetary discs could be mostly the product of gas-phase processes rather than grain chemistry, as currently proposed. These findings are expected to have implications in the comparison of the abundance ratios of N-bearing molecules observed in discs with cometary abundance ratios.
A permeable hyporheic zone may contribute to buffer the effects of a drying event on prey availability for salmonid juveniles
Authors: Arevalo Elorri , Bardonnet Agnès , Glise Stéphane , Gueraud François , Huchet Emmanuel , Lange Frédéric , Rives Jacques , Larrañaga Aitor
Published: October 2024

Climate change is increasing the intensity and frequency of hydrological events in freshwater. Summer droughts and drying events drastically reduce the favourable habitat for aquatic organisms shaping interactions among species. Macroinvertebrates are usually less abundant during severe summer low flows, reducing prey availability for carnivorous fish, such as brown trout (Salmo trutta). To quantify the consequences of a surface water drying event on fish performance, we conducted an experiment in 6 experimental channels naturally fed by water and macroinvertebrates. After a colonisation period for macroinvertebrates, the water level was dropped to the benthic surface for two weeks in 3 channels, while it remained constant in the 3 other channels. After water level restoration, juvenile brown trout were reared for three weeks in the control and dry channels. The drying event did not reduce the abundance of macroinvertebrates. Survival and growth of juvenile trout were unaffected by drying. Our experiment provided circumstantial evidence that the hyporheic zone could potentially serve as an effective refuge for macroinvertebrates, mitigating the effects of drying events on food webs, although this mitigation would strongly depend on sediment characteristics, habitat quality and the composition of the macroinvertebrate community.
Spatio-temporal patterns of stomoxyine flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in a forested area of Thailand
Authors: Yeohsakul Watcharadol , Changbunjong Tanasak , Kananub Suppada , Nakbun Saree , Phasuk Jumnongjit , Sripiboon Supaphen
Published: October 2024

Understanding the distribution patterns of vector populations is crucial for comprehending the dynamics of vector-borne diseases. However, data on vector composition and abundance in areas of forest and wildlife-human interface in Thailand remain limited. This research aimed to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution and species diversity of stomoxyine flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in Salakpra Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand’s first wildlife sanctuary. A longitudinal entomological survey was conducted monthly from May 2022 to April 2023 in four habitats: core forest, grassland forest, a wildlife breeding center, and a local cattle farm. A total of 11,256 stomoxyine flies from four genera were captured. Based on morphological keys, nine species of stomoxyine flies were identified: Stomoxys pullus (29.63%), Stomoxys calcitrans (19.65%), Stomoxys indicus (16.09%), Haematostoma austeni (14.23%), Haematobia irritans exigua (8.22%), Haematobosca sanguinolenta (7.96%), Stomoxys uruma (1.98%), Stomoxys sitiens (1.75%), and Stomoxys bengalensis (0.49%). Heterogeneous variations in abundance across months and habitats were observed, in which abundance increased in the rainy season (June–October), exhibiting bimodal peaks at seasonal transitions. Human-disturbed areas, such as the cattle farm, exhibited the highest density and species diversity of stomoxyine flies. In contrast, areas with minimal human disturbance, like core forest, had low diversity and density but supported unique species, like the abundant Haematostoma austeni, which had minor populations in other types of habitats. The results of this study can be integrated into epidemiological models and lay the groundwork for more comprehensive research on vector-borne diseases at the wildlife-livestock interface to mitigate transmission risks and preserve biodiversity.
An algorithm for surgical treatment of children with bone sarcomas of the extremities
Authors: Errani Costantino , Atherley O’Meally Ahmed , Tsukamoto Shinji , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Tanaka Yasuhito , Manfrini Marco
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Limb salvage surgery in children following bone sarcoma resection is a challenging problem because of the small size of the bones, the lack of appropriate size-matched implants, and the risk of limb-length discrepancy once skeletal growth is complete, secondary to the loss of the epiphyseal plate. Although several reconstruction options are available in children with bone sarcomas, such as vascularized fibula, massive bone allograft, extracorporeal devitalized autograft, endoprosthesis, and allograft-prosthesis composite, a consensus has not been reached on the best reconstruction method. The purpose of the present study is to propose an algorithm for reconstruction after resection of bone sarcomas in children. Methods: In this review, we analyzed reports on limb reconstruction in children following treatment for bone sarcoma, to provide a comprehensive overview of the different reconstruction options in children with bone sarcomas, the outcomes, and the risks and benefits of the different surgical approaches. Results: Despite a high risk of complications and the necessity for limb-lengthening procedures, prosthetic or biological reconstructions seem to achieve good functional outcomes in children with bone sarcoma. The use of massive bone graft seems to be recommended for intercalary reconstructions, with a free vascularized fibular graft for long defects, while for osteoarticular reconstruction a modular or expandable prosthesis or an allograft–prosthesis composite seems to have good results. For reconstruction of the proximal humerus, modular prosthesis or allograft-prosthesis composite are more commonly used than expandable prosthesis since there are fewer functional constraints related to possible limb-length discrepancy on the upper limb compared to the lower limb. Discussion: We discuss the advantages and limitations of the different available surgical options for bone reconstruction following tumor resection in children and propose an algorithm of potential surgical treatments for children with bone sarcomas of the extremities.
Massive Größenprogredienz und maligne Transformation einer muzinös-zystischen Neoplasie des Pankreas in der Schwangerschaft – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Scheyda-Yoo Katharina , Hofer Ulrich , Várnai-Händel Alinda , Maus Martin K.-H. , Dumoulin Franz Ludwig
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund Muzinös-zystische Neoplasien (MCN) machen 10% aller zystischen Pankreasläsionen aus. Sie kommen fast ausschließlich bei weiblichen Patienten vor und weisen ein ovar-ähnliches Stroma sowie häufig Östrogen- und Progesteronrezeptoren auf. Während einer Schwangerschaft können sie massiv an Größe zunehmen und maligne entarten.

Fallbericht Wir berichten von einer 29-jährigen Patientin, bei der vor einigen Jahren eine 35mm große Zyste im Pankreasschwanz aufgefallen und als Pseudozyste eingestuft worden war. Im Rahmen einer Schwangerschaft kam es zu einer massiven Größenzunahme der Zyste, die sich letztendlich als muzinös-zystische Neoplasie mit fokaler maligner Transformation herausstellte.

Schlussfolgerung Zystische Neoplasien des Pankreas bedürfen eines differenzierten Managements, um einerseits eine Übertherapie, andererseits eine maligne Transformation im Intervall zu vermeiden. Patientinnen im gebärfähigen Alter mit V.a. MCN bzw. ätiologisch nicht sicher einzuordnenden zystischen Pankreasläsionen sollten über das (seltene) Phänomen des Progresses von MCN in der Schwangerschaft aufgeklärt und im Rahmen einer Schwangerschaft engmaschig überwacht werden.
Brustkrebs-Screening mit digitaler Brust-Tomosynthese: Ist weiterhin eine unabhängige Doppelbefundung erforderlich?
Authors: Weigel Stefanie , Hense Hans-Werner , Weyer-Elberich Veronika , Gerss Joachim , Heindel Walter
Published: October 2024

Ziel Die Europäischen Leitlinien empfehlen eine unabhängige Doppelbefundung in Mammografie-Screening-Programmen. Die prospektiv randomisiert-kontrollierte Studie TOSYMA prüfte die Überlegenheit der digitalen Brust-Tomosynthese und synthetischen Mammografie (DBT+SM) gegenüber der digitalen Mammografie (DM) für die Detektion invasiver Mammakarzinome. In dieser Subanalyse werden die richtig-positiven Karzinombefundungen verglichen, die bei unabhängigen Doppelbefundungen in den beiden Studienarmen auftraten.

Materialien und Methoden Die 1:1 randomisierte TOSYMA-Studie wurde in 17 Screening-Einheiten von 7/2018 bis 12/2020 durchgeführt. In die Subanalyse wurden im DBT+SM-Arm 49.762 Frauen und im DM-Arm 49.796 Frauen eingeschlossen. Von 83 Befunderinnen und Befundern wurden die richtig-positiven Brustkrebsentdeckungsraten (invasive Mammakarzinome und duktales Carcinoma in situ) ermittelt und in einem Doppelbefundungsergebnis zusammengeführt.

Ergebnisse Mit DBT+SM wurde bei 416 Frauen, mit DM bei 306 Frauen Brustkrebs entdeckt. Dabei trat im DBT+SM-Arm bei 112/416 (26,9 %) Frauen eine richtig-positive kombiniert mit einer falsch-negativen Befundung auf, im DM-Arm war dies bei 68/306 Frauen der Fall (22,2 %). Dies entsprach mit DBT+SM einer Detektionsrate von 2,3 pro 1.000 gescreenter Frauen mit diskordantem Ergebnis bzw. mit DM 1,4 pro 1.000. Unter diskordanten Diagnosen dominierten invasive Mammakarzinome [DBT+SM 75,9 % (85/112), DM 67,6 % (46/68)], die Kategorie T1 [DBT+SM 67,9 % (76/112), DM 55,9 % (38/68)] und die Befundstufe 4a [DBT+SM: 73/112 (67,6 %); DM: 55/68 (84,6 %)].

Schlussfolgerung Die insgesamt höhere Detektionsrate für Mammakarzinome im DBT-Screening umfasst bei einer unabhängigen Doppelbefundung einen relevanten Anteil von Karzinomen, der nur durch einen Befunder entdeckt wird. Wie im digitalen Mammografie-Screening behält die unabhängige Doppelbefundung ihre Rationale auch beim Screening mit digitaler Brust-Tomosynthese.

Kernaussagen
A Reactivity Study of 4-Hydroxy-2H-chromene-2-thione and 4-Hydroxy-2H-thiochromene-2-thione with tert-Butyl Nitrite and Aromatic Amines: An Environmentally Benign Synthesis of New Hydrazone Derivatives
Authors: Khan Abu T. , Xalxo Anjela , Goswami Ujjwal Jyoti , Das Chiranjit , Mehta Kriti , Bharatam Prasad V.
Published: October 2024

The synthesis of biologically active coumarin-based hydrazone derivatives is achieved through a one-pot, three-component reaction of 4-hydroxy-2H-chromene-2-thiones with aniline derivatives and tert-butyl nitrite under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions in yields of 76–86%. Similarly, the reactions of 4-hydroxydithiocoumarins with aniline derivatives and tert-butyl nitrite under identical conditions provided the corresponding hydrazone products in 79–85% yield through a four-component reaction. It is observed in both cases that the C=S group at the C2 position is converted into a C=O moiety. However, the intermediate products derived from 4-hydroxydithiocoumarin react further with another aniline molecule leading to thioesters. 4-Hydroxy-2H-chromene-2-thione and 4-hydroxydithiocoumarin exhibit distinct reactivity pathways, resulting in the formation of two different types of product. In addition, quantum chemical analysis of the mechanistic steps show that this reaction is exergonic. This protocol offers broad substrate scope and tolerates various functional groups, leading to high product yields in short reaction times.
Liposomal AZD5363 Displays Antiproliferation Activities and Induces Apoptosis on Y79 Retinoblastoma Cancer Cells
Authors: Khabazian Zahra , Esmaeil Nafiseh , Khanehzad Maryam , Majd Amir Hossein Naderi , Tohidian Mahdi , Zarinfard Giti
Published: October 2024

Objectives Retinoblastoma (RB) is an aggressive intraocular cancer that usually develops during infancy and childhood. As an Akt kinase inhibitor, AZD5363 is a novel drug whose encapsulation into liposomes enhances its bioavailability and biomedical potential. In the present study, a liposomal membrane was created around AZD5363 to assess its efficacy on the Y79 cancer cell line.

Materials and Methods AZD5363 nanoparticles were synthesized by the thin film hydration method. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques were applied to evaluate the particle size, and the morphology of the liposomal AZD5363 (Lipo-AZD5363). The MTT test was used to assess the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Lipo-AZD5363, and the cytotoxic effects of Lipo-AZD5363 and doxorubicin (Dox) were investigated on the Y79 cell line. Flow cytometry was used to study apoptotic induction in selected groups. Also, the PTEN/AKT/FOXO1 gene expression level was measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay.

Results Treatment with Lipo-AZD5363 inhibited the proliferation of Y79 RB cancer cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Lipo-AZD5363, at a lower concentration, was significantly more cytotoxic than Dox in terms of enhanced cell death (p < 0.05).

Furthermore, flow cytometry showed that Lipo-AZD5363 and Dox induce apoptosis in these cells. However, the number of apoptotic cells in the Lipo-AZD5363 group was clearly higher than that in the Dox group (p < 0.001). Real-time PCR analysis indicated that Lipo-AZD5363 treatment resulted in an increase in PTEN and FOXO1 gene expression and a decrease in AKT gene expression. Our study revealed that all results were statistically more significant in the Lipo-AZD5363 group than in the Dox group (p < 0.01, <0.01, and <0.001, respectively).

Conclusion Lipo-AZD5363 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of RB cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Thus, Lipo-AZD5363 may be a promising candidate for cancer therapy. However, more experimental evidence is needed for its use in the pharmacological treatment of RB.
Smartphone Addiction: Impact, Challenges, and Effects on Cognition Skills among the Dental Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Haque Tahsinul , Hamad Tameem , Abdulmalik Sokina , Abudiab Razan , Bawazir Hadeel , Afroz Mohammed Malik , Abdelrahim Rawa , Husna Sajida , Akhter Fatema
Published: October 2024

Objective Smartphones are multifunctional devices providing a range of beneficial technologies and applications that support communication, socialization, entertainment, and education but also have a few disadvantages related to overdependence among students in general and more specifically with its effects seen in cognition among professional ones such as dental students. This study aims to explore the effect of smartphones on the academic and clinical performance of undergraduate and internship dental students in universities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, the data were collected using 32 questionnaire-based Google forms which the concerned academic level students filled. The first part included 5 questions related to demographic data, while the second part included 24 questions assessing smartphone addiction and its impact on academic performance; furthermore, the last part of the survey has 3 questions inquiring about the effect of smartphones on clinical performance.

Results Five-point Likert scale was used which has shown that as the level of study increases, smartphone use has also increased gradually. There was a positive correlation to the ill effects of high use of smartphones ranging from the patient himself experiencing high use of his device and often leading to lack of sleep. In contrast, some positive outcomes were related to the participants not using their devices while in the clinical atmosphere largely associated with the strict infection control protocol and self-awareness.

Discussion Our findings can be correlated to various other studies that highlight the peers telling the participants about the increased risk of their smartphones and the same being felt by themselves. This highlights a positive result in the awareness campaigns being carried out and the main effect has been related to lack of sleep. A high infection control protocol can limit the dependency of the students on smartphone use among the clinics, but this does not relieve the overall high-level use among dental students.

Conclusion An attempt should be made to educate the young population about the bad effects of the smartphone especially long hours of usage, bad timing, overdependence, and psychological impact. More studies are needed to assess the psychological impact of smartphone usage among this population.
Deregulated Expression of Long Non-coding RNA ZFAS1 as a Predictive Biomarker for Respiratory Failure in Severe Pneumonia Children and Its Impact on Clinical Outcome
Authors: Zhu Huaying , Wang Shandan
Published: October 2024

Objective Severe pneumonia is a common pediatric disease, often complicated by respiratory failure (RF). The expression changes of long non-coding RNA zinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1) were examined in children with severe pneumonia, as well as their predictive value in the occurrence of RF and poor outcomes.

Methods A total of 120 children with severe pneumonia were included, 60 of whom had RF. RT-qPCR was used to detect mRNA levels. Deaths during the follow-up period were recorded through a 28-day follow-up survey. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan Meier (K-M) plot were drawn to display diagnostic and predictive values, with the help of multiple logistic and Cox regression analysis.

Results A sharp rise of serum ZFAS1 was tested in severe pneumonia children, providing a area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) of 0.920, with a sensitivity of 81.67% and a specificity of 90.00%. Serum ZFAS1 (OR = 5.832, 95% CI = 2.283–14.899) was found to be associated with the occurrence of RF after adjusting other clinical indexes, with an AUC-ROC of 0.843. ZFAS1 (HR = 4.624, 95% CI = 1.318–16.217, P < 0.05) was an independent influence factor for the poor prognosis. Cases with high ZFAS1 levels had worse clinical outcomes.

Conclusion Monitoring serum ZFAS1 levels is helpful in assessing severe pneumonia in children, especially for early identification of cases with RF. High serum ZFAS1 levels have a certain predictive value for poor prognosis in patients.
Design and first tests of the trapped electrons experiment T-REX
Authors: Romano F. , Le Bars G. , Loizu J. , Nöel M. , Hogge J.-P. , Alberti S. , Genoud J. , Antonioni S. , Naux L. , Giroud-Garampon P. , Couturier S. , Leresche T. , Fasel D.
Published: October 2024

Gyrotrons are essential for electron cyclotron resonance heating in fusion reactors, making efficient operation crucial for advancing fusion energy. Past experiments revealed instability issues due to trapped electrons in the magnetron injection gun (MIG) region, causing undesired currents and operational failures. To address this, tight manufacturing tolerances are required for the MIG geometry [Pagonakis et al., Phys. Plasmas 23, 023105 (2016)]. We present the initial findings of the trapped electrons experiment developed at the Swiss Plasma Center, designed to understand the physics of electron clouds in gyrotron MIGs. T-REX replicates MIG geometries, as well as their typical electric and magnetic fields, and it is supported by 2D particle-in-cell simulations with the FENNECS code [Le Bars et al., Phys. Plasmas 29, 082105 (2022); Le Bars, Ph.D. thesis, EPFL, Lausanne, 2023]. The setup includes two coaxial electrodes in a vacuum chamber atop a superconducting magnet, with a central electrode biased to negative DC voltages and an outer one at the ground, creating a radial electric field (1–2 MV/m) and an axial magnetic field (B < 0.4 T). This setup mimics Penning–Malmberg traps. We present the experimental device and first findings on current distribution and also a qualitative comparison with FENNECS simulations [Le Bars et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 303, 109268 (2024)]. Planned diagnostics include optical emission spectroscopy, phosphor screen imaging, streak camera imaging, and potentially electric field distribution via the Stark effect. This research aims to enhance gyrotron performance and reliability in fusion energy systems.
Electric field sensitivity of molecular color centers
Authors: Mullin Kathleen R. , Rondinelli James M.
Published: October 2024

Molecular color centers with S=1 ground states are promising candidates for quantum sensing of electric fields. These molecules have an electronic structure similar to solid state color centers, but they allow for processing modalities that permit direct interfacing with an analyte. Currently, it is unknown how sensitive these molecules are to electric fields and what molecular properties affect their sensitivity. We perform density functional theory calculations to understand the impact of electric fields on the electronic structure of five nominally tetrahedral molecular color centers exhibiting variable transition metal chemistry and ligand densities. We then extract the Stark parameters from each of these molecules and compare them to molecular properties such as the dipole moment and inner shell stiffness and find that the dipole moment of the molecule largely governs sensitivity. We predict that polar heteroleptic molecules may have electric field sensitivities comparable to solid state color centers such as nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond.
Nambu–Goldstone modes in a lattice Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model with multi flavor symmetries
Authors: Goto Yukimi , Koma Tohru
Published: October 2024

We study a lattice Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model with SU(2) and SU(3) flavor symmetries of staggered fermions in the Kogut–Susskind Hamiltonian formalism. This type of four-fermion interactions has been widely used for describing low-energy behaviors of strongly interacting quarks as an effective model. In particular, we focus on the Nambu–Goldstone modes associated with the spontaneous breakdown of the flavor symmetries. In the strong coupling regime for the interactions, we prove the following: (i) For the spatial dimension ν ≥ 5, the SU(3) model shows a long-range order at sufficiently low temperatures. (ii) In the case of the SU(2) symmetry, there appears a long-range order in the spatial dimension ν ≥ 3 at sufficiently low temperatures. (iii) These results hold in the ground states as well. (iv) In general, if a long-range order emerges in this type of models, then there appear gapless excitations above the sector of the infinite-volume ground states. These are nothing but the Nambu–Goldstone modes associated with the spontaneous breakdown of the global rotational symmetry of flavors. (v) In particular, we establish that the number of the linearly independent Nambu–Goldstone modes is equal to the number of the broken symmetry generators on the Hilbert space constructed from a certain symmetry-breaking infinite-volume ground state.
Analysis of mapping atomic models to coarse-grained resolution
Authors: Kidder Katherine M. , Noid W. G.
Published: October 2024

Low-resolution coarse-grained (CG) models provide significant computational and conceptual advantages for simulating soft materials. However, the properties of CG models depend quite sensitively upon the mapping, M, that maps each atomic configuration, r, to a CG configuration, R. In particular, M determines how the configurational information of the atomic model is partitioned between the mapped ensemble of CG configurations and the lost ensemble of atomic configurations that map to each R. In this work, we investigate how the mapping partitions the atomic configuration space into CG and intra-site components. We demonstrate that the corresponding coordinate transformation introduces a nontrivial Jacobian factor. This Jacobian factor defines a labeling entropy that corresponds to the uncertainty in the atoms that are associated with each CG site. Consequently, the labeling entropy effectively transfers configurational information from the lost ensemble into the mapped ensemble. Moreover, our analysis highlights the possibility of resonant mappings that separate the atomic potential into CG and intra-site contributions. We numerically illustrate these considerations with a Gaussian network model for the equilibrium fluctuations of actin. We demonstrate that the spectral quality, Q, provides a simple metric for identifying high quality representations for actin. Conversely, we find that neither maximizing nor minimizing the information content of the mapped ensemble results in high quality representations. However, if one accounts for the labeling uncertainty, Q(M) correlates quite well with the adjusted configurational information loss, Îmap(M), that results from the mapping.
High quality factor of bound states in continuum in hBN metasurface
Authors: Sun MingZe , Zhang Qing , Jin Ping , Zhu YaHui , Fu ShuFang , Zhang Qiang , Zhou Sheng , Wang XiangGuang , Wang XuanZhang
Published: October 2024

A bound state in the continuum (BIC) metasurface (MS) was designed to achieve an ultrahigh quality factor(Q factor) using natural hyperbolic materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride. To investigate the structure's dispersion and Q factor, a unit cell of the MS comprising semicircles and rectangles was designed. This MS structure supports symmetry-protected BICs and exhibits a Q factor of approximately 13 000 at 4.43964 × 1013 Hz. By breaking the MS symmetry, the BICs are converted into quasi-BICs, resulting in quasi-BIC resonance with a high Q factor. Further analysis of the reflection spectra and multipole theory indicates that the toroidal dipole (TD) has the most significant influence on the resonance. Thus, the symmetry-protected BIC can be transformed into the TD resonance with a Q factor by breaking symmetry.
Achieving constant magnetic permeability in Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys by Ni alloying and magnetic-field annealing for high DC bias capability and low coercivity
Authors: Cui Xiaoli , Zhou Jifeng , Pang Jing , Qiu Keqiang , Li Xiaoyu , You Junhua , Yang Dong , Bu Jianwei
Published: October 2024

The influence of shape, orientation, and motion patterns of magnetic domains in nanocrystalline strips with a high Ni content on soft magnetic properties was studied using normal isothermal annealing and transverse magnetic field annealing (TFA). The results indicate that TFA-10 (with 10 at. % Ni) exhibits the lowest coercivity (Hc) at 0.33 A/m and a remanence ratio (Br/Bm) of 0.2%. Moreover, more stringent conditions for the anisotropy field (Hk) are applied, and the resistance to current bias is assessed by examining the relationship between the field-induced magnetic anisotropy (Ku) and the current magnitude. A highly linear hysteresis loop with an anisotropy field (Hk) of 210 A/m was achieved, resulting in an effective permeability (μe) of 5000 at 500 kHz and 0.5 V. Furthermore, the current required to maintain a 100% bias ratio is determined to be up to 12 A. This study demonstrates the excellent soft magnetic properties of TFA-10 and guides optimizing the constant permeability properties of nanocrystalline alloys.
Effect of coalescence on the propagation of water droplets from a jet
Authors: Parrenin Antoine , Kooij Stefan , van Rijn Cees J. M. , Bonn Daniel
Published: October 2024

The distance traveled by drops in a spray is of paramount importance for many applications of spraying, from aerosol virus transmission to pesticide spraying on crops. Commonly used models to describe droplet trajectories in sprays often neglect interactions between droplets such as coalescence and air drag. We study the behavior of monodisperse and polydisperse droplet trains produced by Rayleigh breakup of a single liquid jet exiting a nozzle. We show that coalescence increasingly affects the droplet size distribution away from the nozzle. It was previously reported (but not explained) that droplet trains travel farther than single drops of the same size. Here, we show that this is due to the coalescence; as large droplets have a larger inertia, they are less affected by air drag. Comparing a polydisperse droplet train from regular Rayleigh breakup with a monodisperse one, we find that monodispersity does not prevent coalescence, but does delay it in the first part of the droplet train's trajectory, leading to droplets up to 50% bigger and faster along the trajectory for polydisperse trains. Thus, droplet size variations due to coalescence should be taken into account in most applications of sprays.
Laser-driven ion acceleration in the presence of increasing heating of relativistic electrons at steep overdense plasma interfaces
Authors: Hüller S. , Porzio A. , Héron A. , Mora P.
Published: October 2024

The role of the density gradient in the electron acceleration process by intense laser pulses for a plasma profile with a steep interface between vacuum and a strongly overdense plasma is investigated via particle-in-cell simulations with the Emi2d code. Laser pulses at relativistic intensities interacting with finite gradients at the laser–plasma interface favor collective electron motion in the underdense plasma provided that the pulse duration is long enough to form a standing wave structure. It is shown that the steepness of the gradient influences the evolution of the distribution of electrons that are injected into the dense plasma. Heating mechanisms of the electron bulk and a very energetic electron tail are identified. The heating of the targets evolves each time when bunches of electrons accelerate to relativistic energies and return to the laser–plasma interface. The heating dynamics have consequences on the ion front motion at the rear of the target. This is elaborated by determining the predominant hot electron populations and their temperatures that govern the expansion of the rear density profile. The role of the temporal dynamics of the hot electron populations is investigated with respect to the known analytic models for ion acceleration at the rear target, showing that those models are robust despite the important temporal increase in hot electron temperatures.