bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Operational Application of NWP Models in a Wind Power Forecasting Demonstration Experiment
Authors: Yu Wei , Plante André , Dyck Sarah , Chardon Laurent , Forcione Alain , Choisnard Julien , Benoit Robert , Glazer Anna , Roberge Gaétan , Petrucci Franco , Bourret Jacques , Antic Slavica
Published: March 2014

Environment Canada (EC) and Hydro-Québec (HQ) have been collaborating in a Research & Development and Demonstration project on a high resolution wind energy dedicated forecasting system (SPÉO: Système de Prévision ÉOlien under its French acronym). This project emphasizes the operational tests and the forecast of high impact events, e.g. wind ramps.

It was found that SPÉO improves the Canadian Regional Deterministic Prediction System (RDPS), by about 18% in terms of the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of the predicted wind speed when compared with mast observations from three wind power plants. The improvement is most significant in the cold season. When the average wind speed measured at all wind turbines (nacelle anemometer) is used as a reference, SPÉO improves the RMSE of the average wind speed at a wind power plant in complex terrain (24%) compared with that of RDPS. However, there is almost no improvement for two other wind power plants located in less complex terrain. The average wind speed is corrected with the average wind speed measured at all turbines, and is then fed into a wind-to-power conversion module for power production forecasts. The power production forecast is improved by 6% on average in complex terrain when SPÉO winds are used as input compared to the RDPS. The most important finding of this project is SPÉO's ability to predict ramps due to mountain waves/downslope winds. The proposed forecast index for ramps based on the Froude number is useful for predicting the onset of this kind of ramp when a high resolution NWP model is unavailable.
Evaluation of Wind Energy Generation and Site Pairing of Wind Turbines in Algeria
Authors: Bencherif M. , Chikhaoui A.
Published: March 2014

This paper addresses assessment of wind generation potentiality in Algeria and analyze of energy exchange between the wind and a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). Wind data gathered at 10 m high is based on the atlas of the wind of Algeria established by the National office of the Meteorology runs 37 stations of measures. The data is used for a feasibility analysis of optimum future utilization of Wind generator potentiality in 14 sites covering all landscape types and regions in Algeria. A mathematical formulation using a two-parameter Weibull wind speed distribution is further established to estimate the yearly mean wind speed and the yearly average available wind energy flux for each site. Detailed technical assessment for the ten most promising potential wind sites was made using the capacity factor and the site effectiveness approach. The investigation was performed assuming twelve models of small, medium and big size wind machines representing different ranges of characteristic speeds and rated power suitable for water pumping and electric supply. The results show that small wind turbines could be installed in some coast region and medium wind turbines could be installed in the high plateau and some desert regions and utilized for water supply and electrical power generation, the sites having an important wind deposit, in high plateau we find Tiaret site's but in the Sahara there is some sites for example Adrar, Timimoun, In Amenas and In Salah, in these sites could be installed a medium or a big size wind turbines, provided the correct wind machine-site is selected.
Extreme Wind and Gust Speed at the Territorial Waters of Kuwait, Arabian Gulf
Authors: Neelamani S. , Al-Awadi L. , Al-Shatti F. , Al-Khaldi M. , Abdullah Mashael , Hussain Mustafa
Published: March 2014

Kuwait is planning to install wind mills in its territorial waters in the Arabian Gulf. For optimal design of offshore wind mills and marine infrastructures, extreme wind and gust speed for different return periods, say 25 yr, 50 yr and 100 yr is an important input. Without such information, the design will be either very conservative and expensive or unsafe. A scientific estimate of the extreme wind and gust speed is hence obligatory. Recently Kuwait has approved a multi-billion dollar plan to develop Boubyan Island into a commercial seaport to serve as the main gateway for Kuwait, Iraq and the surrounding region. Kuwaiti government is also planning to develop Failaka Island as a tourist hub in this region. Knowledge of extreme wind and gust will be required for appropriate design of all marine infrastructures in these islands. The present work is carried out for nine marine locations in the territorial waters of Kuwait. Extreme 10 minute average wind and Gust speed from different directions and for different return periods were predicted for these nine locations. Measured wind speed by the climatological office of Directorate General of Civil Aviation is used for this analysis. The extreme wind speeds are predicted based on Gumbel distribution. Within these 9 locations, the 10 min. average 100 year wind speed in the marine area of Kuwait from different directions is in the range of 25.5 to 33.0 m/s. Without considering the effect of direction, it is in the range of 24.5 to 33.5 m/s. Similarly, the extreme gust speed for 100 year return period from different directions is in the range of 38.5 to 77.5 m/s. Without considering the effect of direction, it is in the range of 38.0 to 92.5 m/s.
Noise Source Localization on a Small Wind Turbine Using a Compact Microphone Array with Advanced Beamforming Algorithms: Part I — A Study of Aerodynamic Noise from Blades
Authors: Ramachandran Rakesh C. , Patel Hirenkumar , Raman Ganesh , Jiang Yong , Krishnamurthy Mahesh
Published: March 2014

Small wind turbines, which are increasingly being used near residential areas, sound louder than their larger counter parts due to their close proximity to dwellings. Previous noise measurements on small scale wind turbines were performed using single microphones which only provide an overall estimate of the total noise emitted from the wind turbine. For wind turbine manufacturers trying to address the issue of noise reduction through design, the knowledge of the dominant noise source location and source mechanisms is important. This information can be obtained using a microphone array and sophisticated beamforming algorithms. In this paper we use a compact microphone array to locate and quantify noise sources on a small (8 kW) Viryd 8000 wind turbine. The results from the microphone array show that we are able to successfully locate and separate both mechanical and aerodynamic noise on the wind turbine using advanced deconvolution algorithms such as TIDY, CLEAN based on Source Coherence (CLEAN-SC), and Deconvolution Approach for Mapping Acoustic Sources (DAMAS). For frequencies above 4000 Hz, aerodynamic noise appears to be the dominant noise source and for frequencies below 3000 Hz, mechanical noise from the nacelle appears to be the dominant noise source.
Study of Active Learning-Based Trademark Number Recognition Method
Authors: Shi Yujie , Wu Jian , Sheng Victor S. , Cui Zhiming , Zhao Pengpeng
Published: March 2014

In most image classification algorithms, the classifier model needs to train a large number of training samples. In practical application, labeling numbers of samples is a tedious and time-consuming task. So, how to select fewer suitable training samples from the numbers of unlabeled samples is a difficulty in the image classification algorithm. This paper proposes a trademark number recognition technique based on active learning algorithm. The method uses the human interaction to get trademark number area, and then uses the projection method to extract character characteristic which using the characteristic to split characters. Finally, use BvSB active learning algorithm to select high information samples which was used to train support vector machine classifier, and use the trained classifier to recognize trademark number. The experimental result shows that the classifier trained by the method has higher classification accuracy in the case of labeled fewer samples.
Properties of Concrete Subjected to Extreme Thermal Conditions
Authors: Bamonte Patrick , Gambarova Pietro
Published: March 2014

Durability, high-temperature resistance, impact and blast resilience, radiation-shielding properties, irradiation endurance and - of course - good mechanical properties are required of the cementitious composites to be used in a variety of high-performance structures. Among these, tall buildings, road and railway tunnels, off-shore platforms, gasification plants, wind and solar mills for the production of "clean" energy should be mentioned, as well as nuclear power plants, and radioactive- and hazardous-waste repositories. Hence, understanding, measuring and modelling concrete behavior under extreme environmental conditions is instrumental in making concrete structures safer and more efficient. To this end, the hot and residual properties associated with the exposure to high temperature, fire and thermal shock are treated in this paper. Reference is made to ordinary vibrated concrete (Normal-Strength Concrete - NSC), as well as to a number of innovative cementitious composites, such as Fiber-Reinforced Concrete - FRC, High-Performance/High-Strength Concrete - HPC/HSC, Ultra High-Performance/Very High-Strength Concrete - UHPC /VHSC, Self-Compacting/Consolidating Concrete - SCC, Light-Weight Concrete - LWC, shotcrete and high-strength mortars. It is shown that these materials can be "tailored" according to a variety of requirements and functions, even if several aspects of their behavior (like spalling in fire and long-term mechanical properties under sustained high temperature) are still open to investigation.
Modern lesson at primary school taking into account fses requirements
Authors: Белорыбкина  , Belorybkina Elena
Published: March 2014

Changes which should happen in purposes, contents and technology of primary school lesson taking into account teaching’s planned results

determined by the Federal State Educational Standard of the Primary General Education (FSES of PGE) are considered in this paper. New

approach to organization of junior school pupil’s activity at a lesson is revealed: this is a use of choice method, "inclusion" situations, etc.
New approaches to teaching of junior school pupils in literary reading
Authors: Хомякова  , Khomyakova Irina
Published: March 2014

In this paper a value of "Literary Reading" subject for achievement of planned results related to the Federal State Educational Standard of the

Primary General Education (FSES of PGE) — formation of educational and informative motivation, development of universal educational

actions is revealed. Concrete examples related to methods of work with junior school pupils at literary reading lessons are given.
Requalification of Criminal Offenses after Change of Criminal Legislation
Authors: Kashyepov Vladimir
Published: March 2014

This article discusses the signs algorithm qualifications specific breaches of the criminal law to be applied when it is changed in the process of verifying qualifications, make mistakes when implementing retraining offenses under criminal law changes and remedies at various stages of criminal proceedings.
Legal Aspects of Turnover of Agricultural Lands in Post-Soviet Russia
Authors: Lipski Stanislav
Published: March 2014

The article is considering the development of the legislation regulating the turnover of agricultural lands in post-Soviet Russia. Such legislation is very peculiar, taking into account the complete ban of the civil turnover of land plots in the Soviet period and the lack of legal regulation of this problem in the active phase of the land reform (the middle and the second of the half 1990 years). The author used abstract-logical, comparative-legal, formal-legal and historical methods. The article highlights the stages in the development of legislation, their peculiarities, as well as the main tasks at these stages. Also the different sectors of modern domestic agricultural land use were revealed and the main differences in their legal regime were investigated. The main attention is paid to the Federal law “On turnover of agricultural lands” (2002), the conditions in which it was enacted, and its subsequent adjustments. The general conclusion is that the legislation which is regulating the turnover of agricultural lands, despite the its high dynamism and excessive politicization, turned out to be more stable than the other parts in the land policy of the state and the laws which define of such policy. The nearest prospect of the development of the legal mechanism for regulating the turnover of agricultural lands was reviewed. Also this article analyzes key factors which are affecting on this prospect.
"Effective Contract» in Labor Law
Authors: Eremina Svetlana
Published: March 2014

In the Russian legislation of the 20th century the terms “contract” and “employment agreement” were used as synonyms. With the adoption of the Labour Code of the Russian Federation this duality has been eliminated. The agreement under the name “Employment Contract (Agreement)” has come to be used as the basis for the emergence of labor relations with employees, and the agreement under the name “Contract (Service Contract)” has come to be used as an agreement with those entering state service institutions. For example, in accordance with the Federal Law of 27.07.2004 No. 79-FZ “On State Civil Service of the Russian Federation” a person entering any state service institution has to sign a formal agreement under the name “contract”. Recently the term “effective contract” has been introduced into the documents of the Russian Government. “Effective contract” is an employment agreement with an employee whereby his duties, responsibilities and the terms of payment are specified. It includes assessment indicators (indices) for measuring the efficiency of the employee’s performance with the view of assigning monetary incentive payments to him depending on the results of his work and on the quality of services being rendered; it also serves as a measure of social support. It is true that the performance of such sectors of economy as healthcare and education, for instance, must be improved and their efficiency increased. Still, an “effective contract” for an employee is legal nonsense. The purpose of the author is to argue that on the basis of Russian labor laws and, above all, of the Labour Code, it is solely “employment agreement” that an employee shall enter, however identical the conceptual categories of “contract” and “employment agreement” might seem. These concepts are not recognized synonyms in Russian law. Hence, there is no need to substitute the name “effective contract” for the name “employment agreement”. Such a renaming will not contribute to the accessibility and better efficiency of education, healthcare and other public sectors of Russian economy. Similarly, it will not help to increase the level of their performance. The author concludes that the current labor legislation contains all the necessary elements to regulate labor relations in public sectors of economy, so no “effective contract” is needed.
On Accuracy of the Terminology on Adoption of Law
Authors: CHirkin Vyeniamin
Published: March 2014

This article deals with established over the centuries, the democratic, but not always in conformity with the same constitutional provisions, general formulations: laws are passed by the Parliament, the Parliament is the only legislative body, the laws are approved by one Chamber of the bicameral Parliament, the role of the head of State when adopting the law. There are different ways to adopt an act: the parliamentarian one, subparlamentarian (standing committees, sections and resolutive commissions of the Parliament), overparlamentarian (bodies, which included the Parliament), extraparliamentarian (adopted by referendum etc.), delegated and reglamented legislation. Reviews articles 105 and 107 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Contrary to article 105 legislative text adopted by the State Duma, if it does not overcome the veto other Chamber or the head of State, not yet the law (it´s not). In other cases, the date and number of the Act are also put in the next not when it passed by the Duma, but after the signature of the President of the Russian Federation.
Legal Regulation of Arrangements for Feeding of Persons, Serving a Sentence in Institutions of Penal System
Authors: Barankov Vladimir
Published: March 2014

In the article considers the legal regulation of relations connected with the organization of supply of inmates in the penitentiary system, discusses binding standards for correctional facilities for material and social support of convicts. The subject of the study is related to the question that began at the moment the process of integrated improving the regulatory framework to ensure the realization of the rights of certain categories of people power.
Justice for Juveniles: Broad Interpretation
Authors: Khromova Nataliya
Published: March 2014

The author in the research devoted to justice concerning minors, considers it as part of social policy of the state. State approaches on realization of social policy, by means of the analysis of the federal legislation and other bylaws are for this purpose investigated. Also the analysis of the international documents concerning juvenile justice and their introduction in the national legislation is provided. The author provides the short analysis of features of mentality in teenage age and its influence on behavior of the minor, his ability of an assessment and perception of in society. Such analysis allows the author to draw a conclusion on importance of knowledge of the specified features at investigation of criminal cases concerning minors and administration of justice on such affairs. For interest of readers historical information on justice development concerning minors is given in Russia where existence of specialization of judges on affairs in the relation of minors is noted. The current state of judicial system of Russia concerning administration of justice concerning minors, and also court role is analyzed. Result of research is the conclusion about need of creation for Russia juvenile justice.
Insignificance of Offense in Criminal Law: Features and Forms
Authors: Vinokurov Viktor
Published: March 2014

The second part of the Article 14 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation comprises a provision that an insignificant act that doesn’t pose a threat to the society but having formal characteristics of any criminal act provided by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is not deemed to be a crime. With the aim to correct and uniformed application of the Criminal Code’s provision the article deals with characteristics and forms of insignificance of these acts. The analysis of scientific literature and the practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation gave the author an opportunity to mark out the following characteristics of the insignificance of the act. Firstly, it is a subjective characteristic. The act should be committed deliberately. Secondly, a punishment for this act should be provided only by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The forms of the insignificance of the act are committing acts manifesting themselves in (1) producing and transporting physical objects in area: weapons, property items and valuables, handing over as a bribe, documents containing false data; (2) infringing upon personal non-property rights such as short-term deprivation of liberty, violation of inviolability of home, inviolability of private life; as well as committing acts, having characteristics of the corpus delicti of the crimes against the interests of public service when consequences are described by evaluative characteristics.
Actio Negatoria in the Russian and Foreign Law
Authors: Sinitsyn S.
Published: March 2014

The article considers some issues relating to the concept, subject matter, grounds, scope of application of a negatory action in the Russian and German civil law (the latter being the closest to the former). A special attention is given to specific features of the negatory action in the light of the current reform of the Russian civil law.
Modern Trends of Development of the Law of International Trade
Authors: Mazhorina Mariya
Published: March 2014

A considerable complication of cross-border trade relations involves the development of the regulatory system. This is reflected in the emergence of new forms of existence of rules corresponding to the dynamic development of the market. There is the complication of known contractual structures in need for adequate legal regulation. International trade law in its classic sense is no longer relevant and do not reflect the essence of regulated relations and the emerging diversity of regulatory mechanisms. At present time, we can quite clearly see the tendencies of the modern law of international trade, some of which are studied in this article. Thus, among the modern tendencies of the law of international trade there are the following: the movement from the legal to the regulatory mechanism of regulation; a strong interest of the international business community as a new rule-making subject in the norms of a special kind - the principles and rules of cross-border trade, which are systematized in the relevant codes of rules; the evolution of understanding of the modern lex mercatoria; the expansion values of the precedent as a source of regulation of cross-border trade and etc. The study of tendencies will form a clear idea of the evolutionary processes that are taking place today in law of international trade as a system of principles and rules regulating the cross-border trade relations.
Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students’ Through-the-Air English Skills: A Review of Formal Assessments
Authors: Bennett Jessica G. , Gardner Ralph , Rizzi Gleides Lopes
Published: March 2014

S trong correlations exist between signed and/or spoken English and the literacy skills of deaf and hard of hearing students. Assessments that are both valid and reliable are key for researchers and practitioners investigating the signed and/or spoken English skills of signing populations. The authors conducted a literature review to explore which tests researchers are currently using, how they administer the tests, and how reliability and validity are maintained. It was found that, overall, researchers working with this population use the same tests of English employed by practitioners working with hearing students (i.e., the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test, and Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals). There is a disconnect between what is being used in research with deaf and hard of hearing students and what is being used in practice with them. Implications for practice are discussed.
A Comparison of Phonemic and Phonological Awareness in Educators Working With Children Who Are d/Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Messier Jane , Jackson Carla Wood
Published: March 2014

T he researchers explored the phonological awareness (PA) competency and confidence of educators working with children who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing. Performance comparisons were made between the two surveyed professional groups, teachers of the deaf (TODs; n = 58) and speech-language pathologists (SLPs; n = 51). It was found that both respondent groups demonstrated gaps in PA knowledge and skills; however, SLPs performed significantly better, on average, than TODs. The educators expressed feelings of moderate confidence in their skills related to teaching children with hearing loss and assessing their PA. Correlations between educator demographics or levels of confidence and educator performance on PA measures did not yield significant findings. The results underscore the need for improved personnel preparation and PA continuing education for educators supporting literacy education of children who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing.
Rate of Language Growth in Children with Hearing Loss in an Auditory-Verbal Early Intervention Program
Authors: Jackson Carla Wood , Schatschneider Christopher
Published: March 2014

T his longitudinal study explored the rate of language growth of children in an early intervention program providing auditory-verbal therapy. A retrospective investigation, the study applied a linear growth model to estimate a mean growth curve and the extent of individual variation in language performance on the Preschool Language Scale, 4th ed. (PLS-4; Zimmerman, Steiner, & Pond, 2002) for 24 children with hearing loss in a convenience sample. A statistically significant change in raw scores was observed across 6-month intervals. However, growth in standard scores did not show statistically significant predictable change across the 6-month intervals. Scores on the language measure were closer to expectations for younger peers with normal hearing when compared to data reported for the PLS-4 normative sample. Language outcomes varied significantly for individual children based on time spent in early intervention, suggesting that intervention was contributing to growth.
The Invisibility of Lesbian Mother Families in the South Australian Premier’s Reading Challenge
Authors: Riggs Damien , Hanson-Easey Scott
Published: March 2014

This essay engages in an analysis of a selection of books from the 2011 South Australia Premier’s Reading Challenge, which centres upon a recommended reading book list from which children must select titles in order to complete the challenge. As our findings suggest, nowhere in the subsection of the list explicitly named as “ families and relationships” did there appear representations of lesbian mother-families, and indeed in the larger sample of the 4000 books on the list, only one such representation was identified. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings and provides recommendations for how this issue may be addressed.
What a Shame! Gay Shame in Isabelle Holland’s The Man Without a Face
Authors: Stebbins Anne
Published: March 2014

This paper explores the critical reception of Isabelle Holland’s The Man Without a Face (1972), which is one of the first gay-themed young adult novels published in North America and the United Kingdom. Drawing upon Eve Sedgwick’s theorization of shame as an affect related to performance and identity, this paper explores the function of shame in the novel and argues that shame plays a role in gay identifications and ought not to be dismissed as a backward affect.
A Doctor for Who(m)?: Queer Temporalities and the Sexualized Child
Authors: Wadewitz Adrianne , Hilson Mica
Published: March 2014

Our analysis of the 2005 reboot of Doctor Who explores how the program has queered the figure of the child by playing upon tropes of innocence and sexuality. Incorporating readings of the televisual text, classic children’s texts, and the production history of the show, we argue that Doctor Who presents two competing models of sexuality and the child. One privileges collective family viewership, emphasizing traditional family values and a sentimentalized vision of the child, and the other addresses child and adult viewers separately, presenting images of the knowing, sexualized child.
Autopsies and Philosophies of a Merovingian Life: Death, Responsibility, Salvation
Authors: Kreiner Jamie
Published: March 2014

In the seventh century a cluster of problems about death, agency, and accountability arose in conjunction with new ideas about the afterlife. Merovingian intellectuals challenged and adapted late antique theories of moral responsibility and eschatology in view of the increasingly attractive possibility that the soul’s destination after death could be influenced by earthly actions. These changes were informed by an increasingly social understanding of human choice and behavior, and that whole knot of related philosophical propositions surfaced in hagiography, when authors began to explain more fully how and why their protagonists died.
Measuring the Statutory Independence of Sub-Saharan Africa Central Banks
Authors: Nhavira John Davison Gondwe , Ocran Matthew Kofi
Published: March 2014

This study evaluated the degree of legal independence of 14 Sub-Saharan Africa central banks using the CWN (1992) approach. Central bank independence, i.e. freedom from political pressure in the conduct of monetary policy, is an attempt to overcome the inflationary bias inherent in the trade-off between inflation and unemployment reflected in the Phillips curve. Comprising, Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Namibia, Nigeria, Malawi, Mauritius, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe, the sample study produced interesting results. Namibia, for instance, scored the highest in terms of legal independence with Zimbabwe the lowest score. The results were then compared against CWN (1992) study. The initial results showed that in the majority of instances, there had been a marginal improvement in legal independence after 1990 and were confirmed by t-tests.
Swift’s Solar Gourds and the Rhetoric of Projection
Authors: Alff David
Published: March 2014

Scholars have long argued that the third book of Gulliver’s Travels satirizes specific scientific, financial, and political projects from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This essay contends that Swift’s representation of the Academy of Projectors also critiques the linguistic strategies of projection itself. Drawing upon an established literary tradition of anti-projection, Gulliver’s Travels pastiches popular conventions of proposal writing, including the comparison of a troubled present with better futures, the reconciliation of profit motives with a public good, and the transmutation of setbacks into solicitations for funding. In so doing, Swift demonstrates how even the most misguided ventures could be rendered attractive within their proposals. For Swift, a perennial opponent of English schemes for Irish improvement, project pastiche offered a mode of subversive mimicry revealing how the certitude of state planners derived from illusive rhetorical devices.
Suicide Notes and Popular Sensibility in the Eighteenth-Century British Press
Authors: Parisot Eric
Published: March 2014

By the mid-eighteenth century, the suicide note had emerged in Britain as a powerful literary tool in the secularization of self-murder. The increasing publication of such notes in the popular press afforded suicides a final and very public opportunity for self-fashioning. This essay draws upon examples (from the mid-century to the publication of Goethe’s Werther in Britain) to examine the ways suicidal authors drew upon and instigated networks of popular sensibility as part of this process, publicly exposing the duality of sensibility (as both moral faculty and a pathological condition) and its potential social implications when circulated via the press.
Encounter Magazine and the Twilight of Modernism
Authors: Barnhisel Greg
Published: March 2014

Encounter , the English-language journal published by the nongovernmental Congress for Cultural Freedom in the Cold War, was a key element of the effort to persuade Western intellectuals on the non-Communist left to side with the "Free World" and against Communism. Encounter 's first editors, the English poet Stephen Spender and the American writer Irving Kristol, used modernist art and literature as evidence of the superiority and freedom of the West. In this, they helped modernism move from being a fringe movement to being the very establishment of the British and American cultural and literary scene, and erased modernism's radical or anti-bourgeois associations. In so doing, Encounter wrote modernism's obituary as a vital movement, turning it into a style or a set of formal techniques.
Black Books: Sedition, Circulation, and The Lay of the Last Minstrel
Authors: Fielding Penny
Published: March 2014

This article identifies the book of spells as a key figure in Scottish Romanticism that links Walter Scott's early poetry to the politics of reading. Tracing the trope of the book as both discursive text and magical object through protests against military conscription, the trial of Thomas Muir for sedition, and Scott's narrative poem The Lay of the Last Minstrel, I situate the text between the political violence of the 1790s and the establishing of a new literary culture in early nineteenth-century Edinburgh. Scott's poem both enters and resists this new republic of letters, allowing it to be invaded by forms of radical reading from the previous decade. The magic book of the poem, with its inherent power and mysterious circulation, recalls the function of Thomas Paine's Rights of Man in the prosecution of Muir, and the use of books as political symbols in the militia protests.
Floating Worlds: Émigré Poetry and British Culture
Authors: Rudy Jason R.
Published: March 2014

Victorian emigrant ships headed to the Australian colonies carried printing presses and published newspapers on board for the entertainment of passengers; the emigrants themselves generated most of the content. Based on archival work in Australia, South Africa, and England, this essay analyzes poetry published in these ship newspapers, and shows how emigrant poems engage both nostalgically and parodically with canonic poetry of the period: works by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and Thomas Hood. Shipboard emigrant poems showcase the process of transition from home to abroad, British citizen to colonial subject; they offer an important view into the culture of Victorian emigration and colonialism.
Элита "Закрытого Общества" : Мгимо, международные отделы аппарата ЦК КПСС и просопография их сотрудников
Authors: Митрохин Николай
Published: March 2014

The article is based on the prosopography of people formerly employed by International Departments of the Central Committee of the CPSU, and their recollections of studying at the main school for experts in International Relations – the Moscow State Institute for International Relations (MGIMO). The author relies on official biographies and interviews with former employees of International Departments, as well as on memoirs of other MGIMO students in the 1940s and 1950s. Thus the article presents a brief history of MGIMO in the first decade of its existence, but more important, it reconstructs the process of formation of the new post-Stalinist cohort of diplomats and experts that defined Soviet foreign policy. The article discusses the ethos of this cohort (described as “Hussars’ spirit”), their corporatism, their worldview, and the formative influence of their social and educational background. The author argues that the young men born to the families of Soviet white–collar workers, educated in Stalinist high schools, coming mostly from central districts of Moscow, formed a fairly homogeneous group. This group lobbied the interests of their fellow MGIMO graduates in the Soviet establishment of the Khrushchev and especially Brezhnev epochs. They tried to offset the influence of their superiors who belonged to the older generation of bureaucrats formed under Stalin, who hampered the careers of this younger cohort. Less ideologically motivated than their superiors, members of the MGIMO cohort also had fewer illusions about perestroika, and therefore succeeded in assimilating into the post-Soviet Russian diplomacy. They brought with them the traditions of the apparatchiks of the fallen empire, including prejudices and complexes in regard to neighboring states.
L’état, C’est Tout: “История Российского государства” Бориса Акунина и канон национальной истории
Authors: Герасимов Илья
Published: March 2014

The former literary scholar Grigory Chkhartishvili, now better known as the popular Russian detective writer under the pen name Boris Akunin, who is also a visible figure in the ranks of the Russian liberal opposition, in 2013 started the ambitious project of writing a multivolume history of Russia. Akunin announces his History of the Russian State as an alternative to the new mandatory history textbook currently under preparation by a group of professional historians on the request of President Vladimir Putin. According to Akunin, what sets his history of Russia apart from histories done by competitors is its objectivity: as he explains, he just wants to describe the past “as it actually happened.” Turning to the first volume of Akunin’s History of the Russian State published in the fall of 2013, Ilya Gerasimov does not discuss its merits as a history study, for it is beyond any professional criticism: Akunin is a pulp fiction writer, whose idea of historical craft corresponds to the standards of the 1820s or 1830s. Rather, Gerasimov uses this opportunity to discuss the influential “canon of Russian history” shared by both “conservative” and “liberal” historians. This canon was formed by the first Russian professional historian, Nikolai Karamzin in the 1820s, and then perfected by great historians of the late imperial period, the classic Stalinist historical text History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks): Short Course , and the academic historiography of the 1970s. Despite conflicting interpretations of individual historical events and figures, all of these historians shared the fundamentally common view of Russian history as the history of “the Russian people” on Russian “historical territory”. The history of the state became pivotal to this dominant view of Russian history, as only political institutions offered the necessary sense of continuity and consistency to the millennium-long process. Akunin’s History of the Russian State provides Gerasimov with an ideal example of the archetypal version of the “canon of Russian history” as understood and thoroughly reproduced by a modern-day educated Russian. Akunin reveals the whole intellectual gestalt of social imagination of the Romantic historiography of the 1820s Restoration epoch that was preserved almost intact by the “scheme of Russian history”: the organicist perception of nation, the “blood and soil” imagery of national territory, the idealization of the state as a mystic embodiment of the nation’s “will,” the racialized understanding of the “people.” This type of thinking about society was instrumental in producing the ideal of nation-state in the late nineteenth century, and informed the politics of national purges in the 1930s (on political or ethnic grounds). Without dismantling this dominant scheme, Russian society is doomed to reproducing ideologies of variously framed nationalism, and even liberal historians will cultivate in their students the ideal of national purity and domination over “national” territory.
Hybridity and History: A Critical Reflection on Homi K. Bhabha’s Post-Historical Thoughts
Authors: Mizutani Satoshi
Published: March 2014

Эссе Сатоши Мизутани переосмысливает влиятельную концепцию “гибридности” Хоми Баба, помещая ее в специфический исторический контекст истории “евразиев” ( Eurasians ) в Британской Индии – людей смешанного происхождения, которых после 1911 г. стали называть “англо-индийцами”. Гибридность, как определяет ее Баба, помогает постколониальному критику бороться с дискурсом империализма, компрометируя его притязания на превосходство, целостность и исключительность, разоблачая опору этого дискурса на аборигенные и смешанные социальные группы и идентичности. В то же время, Бабу не интересуют гибридные группы как таковые, как самостоятельный специфический исторический и социальный феномен. Более того, он отрицает сам модус исторического мышления как проявление колониального дискурсивного господства. Мизутани доказывает, что признание правомочности и самостоятельной субъектности евразиев не только делает более изощренной концепцию гибридности, но также возвращает понимание истории как открытого процесса, лишенного телеологии – и столь же непредсказуемого модуса размышления об изменении общества во времени.
Landscapes of Resistance: Community Opposition to Canadian Mining Operations in Guatemala
Authors: Pedersen Alexandra
Published: March 2014

Este artículo examina las nociones individuales y comunales de espacio, el lugar y el paisaje, ya que estos conceptos son alterados por el poder, la violencia y la resistencia a las operaciones mineras canadienses en Guatemala. Los resultados preliminares se presentan documentar las acciones y discursos de resistencia en la comunidad de La Puya. Durante casi dos años, los miembros de la comunidad de La Puya bloquearon pacíficamente la entrada a la mina El Tambor de propiedad de dos sucesivas empresas mineras extranjeras. En la actualidad, las empresas mineras canadienses y el gobierno de Guatemala tienen la intención de explotar los recursos naturales, en el caso de los depósitos de oro de La Puya, con el fin de impulsar el desarrollo económico. La teoría del desarrollo crítico sirve de marco para contextualizar y situar los impactos en las comunidades que se oponen a la extracción de recursos que no toma sus preocupaciones, las vidas y los medios de vida en la mente. Se destacan las experiencias de las comunidades que solicitan el respeto a los derechos constitucionales, humanos y ambientales.
Listening in on Social Media: A Joint Model of Sentiment and Venue Format Choice
Authors: Schweidel David A. , Moe Wendy W.
Published: March 2014

In this research, the authors jointly model the sentiment expressed in social media posts and the venue format to which it was posted as two interrelated processes in an effort to provide a measure of underlying brand sentiment. Using social media data from firms in two distinct industries, they allow the content of the post and the underlying sentiment toward the brand to affect both processes. The results show that the inferences marketing researchers obtain from monitoring social media are dependent on where they “listen” and that common approaches that either focus on a single social media venue or ignore differences across venues in aggregated data can lead to misleading brand sentiment metrics. The authors validate the approach by comparing their model-based measure of brand sentiment with performance measures obtained from external data sets (stock prices for both brands and an offline brand-tracking study for one brand). They find that their measure of sentiment serves as a leading indicator of the changes observed in these external data sources and outperforms other social media metrics currently used.
Medienbildung als gemeinsamer Bildungsauftrag von Bibliothek und Schule
Authors: Lücke Birgit
Published: March 2014

Seit zwölf Jahren arbeitet die Stadtbücherei Warendorf im Bereich der Medienbildung eng mit allen Schulen und Kindertagesstätten am Ort zusammen. Der Praxisbericht zeigt auf, wie es gelungen ist, Medienbildung als gemeinsamen Bildungsauftrag zu gestalten, wo Gefahren lauern und wie man sie umgehen kann. Zur Zeit entsteht in Anlehnung an den Medienpass NRW der Medienpass Warendorf, der mit seinen Angeboten mehr als bisher den Fachunterricht direkt in der Schule unterstützen soll und darum online verfügbare Elemente wie Datenbanken und eLearning-Komponenten ebenso einbezieht wie Medienbestände in den Schulen.
The Effect Tool Geometry on Resonance Phenomenon in Turning Process
Authors: Mahdavinejad R. A. , Khajeafzali M.
Published: March 2014

The determination and optimization of applied forces on cutting tool is usually one of the most important subject to determine the tool's long lasting and break horse power of machine tool. In This research the effect of rake angle and cutting depth on the force applied to cutting tool in turning process is analyzed via the investigation of forces in their frequency domain. From This point of view, the applied forces to cutting tool are experimentally measured in three directions via dynamometer. After that, the spectrum frequencies of these forces are analyzed with Fourier transformation. Finally, the effect of machining parameters on resonance phenomenon is investigated via the determination of natural frequency of cutting tool. Due to the variations of tool geometry and machining parameters based on the dynamic behavior, the forces can be controlled with resonance phenomenon and also reduction in brake horsepower.
Optimization of Machining Parameters in ECM of Al/B4C Composites
Authors: Rama Rao Sadineni , Padmanabhan G.
Published: March 2014

The present paper deals the application of Taguchi method with grey relational analysis to optimize the machining parameters with multiple responses in electrochemical machining (ECM) of Al/B4C metal matrix composites. Experiments were conducted on a Metatech ECM setup and L27 orthogonal array was chosen for the experiments. The electrochemical machining parameters namely applied voltage, feed rate, electrolyte concentration and reinforcement content were optimized based on multiple responses, i.e. material removal rate, surface roughness and radial over cut. The morphology of the machined surfaces was studied with scanning electron micrographs. The optimum machining parameters are calculated by using grey theory and results are compared with ANOVA. The results show that the feed rate and electrolyte concentration are the most significant parameters which affect the multiple machining responses simultaneously. Experimental results show that the responses in ECM can be improved effectively through this approach.
Optimization of Flux Cored Arc Welding Process Parameter Using Genetic and Memetic Algorithms
Authors: Kannan T. , Murugan N. , Sreeharan B. N.
Published: March 2014

Most of the manufacturing enterprises indulge in the bonding of metals during the production process. This makes welding one of the most important processes in industries. Subsequently, due to the high usage of welding process, industrial engineers desire to optimize the parameters concerned to achieve the desired weld bead characteristics. This paper focuses on optimization of flux cored arc welding process parameters, which are used for deposition of duplex stainless steel on low carbon structural steel plates. Experiments were conducted based on central composite rotatable design and mathematical models were developed using multiple regression method. Further, optimization with objectives as minimizing percentage dilution, maximizing height of reinforcement and bead width was carried out using genetic algorithm and memetic algorithm. This problem was formulated as a multi objective, multivariable and non-linear programming problem. The algorithms were implemented using basic functions of C language making it highly reliable, adoptable, very user friendly and extendable to other welding processes such as GMAW, GTAW, robotic welding, etc. The adopted optimization techniques were further compared based on various computational factors.
Manufacturing Dies for Micro and Meso Direct Extrusion Processes
Authors: Milanez Alexandre , Schaeffer Lírio , Daleffe Anderson , Milanez Mateus
Published: March 2014

This work describes the development and manufacture of micro and meso extrusion dies used to extrude metal materials. The die design was based on different extrusion angles and diameters of input materials. An extrusion die was made to input material measuring 1 mm and for reduction to 0.8 mm with a 30° angle of extrusion. For the same diameter of material, another two dies were manufactured with extrusion angles of 45° and 60°. For meso sized extrusion, another three dies were made and the diameter of the input material was 4 mm with a reduction to 3 mm and extrusion angles of 30°, 45° and 60°. During the machining of the extrusion dies, high speed steel (HSS) drills were used with a tip angle according to the extrusion angles. After machining, the dies were treated thermally and polished to diminish the friction coefficient between the part to be extruded and the die. The results of the machining process indicate that extrusion dies can be manufactured using quick HSS drill and polishing can be done using diamond paste with satisfactory results.