bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness of topical lignocaine nebulization and airway nerve blocks for awake fiber-optic nasal intubation in TM joint ankylosis
Authors: Malla Mohammad Sadiq , Farooq Basharat , Najib Rayees , Ashraf Sameena
Published: December 2021

Background: Awake fiber-optic nasal intubation is a gold standard management of difficult airway in temporal mandibular (TM) joint ankylosis.
Aims and Objectives: We compared topical lignocaine nebulization with airway nerve blocks for awake fiber-optic nasal intubation in TM joint ankylosis.
Materials and Methods: Fifty patients of either gender were randomly allocated into two groups of 25 each. Group I received 10 ml of 2% lignocaine nebulization over a period for 20 min. Group II received bilateral superior laryngeal nerve block and transtracheal recurrent laryngeal nerve block (each with 2 ml of 2% lignocaine). Awake fiber-optic bronchoscopy-guided nasal intubation was done in all patients. All the patients received sedation during the procedure. The intubation time, intubating conditions, vocal cord position, cough severity, and degree of patient satisfaction were recorded. Student’s t-test was used to analyze parametric data, while the Mann–Whitney U-test was applied to non-parametric data and Fisher’s test to categorical data. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The time taken for intubation was significantly shorter in Group II [110.2 (14.6) s compared with Group I (211.0 [22.3] s) (P=0.028 ss). The intubating conditions and degree of patient comfort were better in Group II compared with Group I. Although all patients were successfully intubated, patient satisfaction was higher in Group II.
Conclusion: Airway nerve block is a better way of anesthetizing airway as compared to nebulization for awake fiber-optic nasal intubation. However, nebulization with lignocaine may be an alternative in situations where nerve blocks are not feasible or may be used as an adjuvant to nerve blocks.
Prevalence of hearing impairment and language and cognition delay in very low birth weight babies and their risk factors
Authors: Chaudhuri Saugata , Mukherjee Suchandra , Bose Tanmoy Kumar , Chowdhury Turna Roy
Published: December 2021

Background: Very low birth weight infants are at increased risk of language, cognition delay and also hearing impairment disorder. Identification is essential for early intervention.
Aims and Objectives: To estimate the burden of language, cognition delay and hearing impairment at 24 months of corrected gestation and to test the association of examination at 6 months and 12 months with the language and cognitive outcome of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants at 24 months and to identify the perinatal and neonatal risk factors for atypical outcome.
Materials and Methods: It is a prospective cohort study. Consecutive 120 VLBW infants were enrolled in a single centre level III neonatal unit of a teaching hospital. Hearing assessment was done before discharge and 3 monthly. Language and cognitive assessment was done by DASII Scale neu at 6 months and BSIDIII Scale at 12 months and 24 months at neurodevelopmental clinic. Language assessment was further done by REELS-3 Subscale at 24 months. All assessment ages were corrected for prematurity.
Results: At 24 months 7.8% infants developed Language delay and 4.7% had cognition delay. Four infants developed cerebral palsy at 24 months. Shock in neonatal period had significant association with suboptimal Hearing, Language and Cognitive outcome at 12 months of corrected gestation.
Conclusion: Early anticipation and early identification of abnormal hearing, language and cognitive outcome of VLBW infants can be used as simple and cost-effective measures for preventing long-term morbidity at resource limited countries.
Evaluation of a step-by-step approach to frozen section diagnosis in ovarian masses
Authors: Gupta Ashumi , Jain Neelam
Published: December 2021

Background: Ovarian cancer forms a significant proportion of cancer-related mortality in females. It is often detected late due to non-specific clinical presentation. Radiology and tumor markers may indicate an ovarian mass. However, exact diagnosis requires pathological evaluation, which may not be possible before surgery. Intraoperative frozen section (FS) is, therefore, an important modality for the diagnosis of ovarian masses.
Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to study step-by-step approach along with diagnostic utility and accuracy of intraoperative FS in diagnosis of ovarian masses.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective comparative analysis was done to determine the diagnostic accuracy of FS as compared to routine histopathology in the pathology department of a tertiary care hospital. Diagnostic categorization was done into benign, borderline, and malignant. Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of FS technique were calculated.
Results: Out of 51 cases, FS analysis yielded accurate diagnosis in 94.1% of ovarian masses. Intraoperative FS had a sensitivity of 94.7%, specificity of 96.9%, 3.1% false-positive rate, and 5.3% false-negative rate in malignant tumors. In benign lesions, FS had 91.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity. FS had 75% sensitivity and 96.4% specificity in cases of borderline tumors.
Conclusion: FS is a fairly accurate technique for intraoperative evaluation of ovarian masses. It can help in deciding the extent of surgery. It distinguishes benign and malignant tumors in most cases with high sensitivity and specificity. A methodical approach is useful in determining accurate diagnosis on FS diagnosis.
The comparative study of quality of life among working women and homemakers taking care of psychiatric patients presenting in a tertiary care hospital, Patna
Authors: Singh Vivek Pratap , Puria Alka , Singh Abhishek Pratap , Singh Narendra Pratap , Goyal Ekram
Published: December 2021

Background: In India, women are twice more likely to become caregivers than men. The quality of life (QOL) is the ability level to which an individual is healthy and able to enjoy life.
Aims and Objective: To assess and compare QOL among homemaker women and working women giving care to patients suffering from psychiatric illnesses.
Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on the caregivers who were recruited from out-door patient department of Psychiatry department of Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna from January 1, 2021, to June 31, 2021. Women who were 30–55 years old, working or homemakers, and who were taking care of psychiatric patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia and Bipolar affective disorder of either sex. Caregivers were first degree relatives of patients. The estimated sample size was 140 (Group 1=70 homemaker women and Group 2=70 working women). Sociodemographic data were recorded using Sociodemographic Performa 1 and QOL was assessed using World Health Organization (WHO)-QoL-BREF.
Results: WHO-QOL domain mean score for physical, psychological, social, and environmental of Group 1 was 12.42, 11.60, 12.24, 12.62 whereas 14.46, 13.28, 11.28, and 12.28 of Group 2 with statistically significant difference (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In physical and psychological domain of QoL, working women scores were better than homemakers. QOL in working women caregivers was better than homemakers’ caregivers in social and environmental domains but statistically non-significant.
Praktyczne możliwości pokrycia ochroną ubezpieczeniową na polskim rynku szkód wyrządzonych w środowisku – wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Drabek Marceli Leszek
Published: December 2021

Artykuł dotyczy wybranych aspektów odpowiedzialności za szkody w środowisku w polskim ustawodawstwie oraz możliwości ich ubezpieczenia w ramach polis funkcjonujących na polskim rynku. Autor zauważa, że głównym aktem prawnym regulującym odpowiedzialność za szkody w środowisku jest ustawa z dnia 13 kwietnia 2007 roku o zapobieganiu szkodom w środowisku i ich naprawie. Głównym celem publikacji jest przybliżeniem możliwości pokrycia w. w. szkód ubezpieczeniem OC z tytułu prowadzonej działalności lub specjalistycznym ubezpieczeniem środowiskowym, na rynkowych przykładach.
Constitutional protection of land in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Pavlovič Maroš , Michalovič Matúš
Published: December 2021

The significant amendment of the Slovak constitution deals with the protection of the land which it newly characterises as a non-renewable natural resource and provides additional legal protection of it. The article analyses the importance of this amendment from multiple perspectives with emphasis on legislative changes it has brought. The main topics of the article are the need for more effective legislation in the area of land protection and also the long-standing need to carry out land consolidations in the Slovak Republic.
Czech mining law in a nutshell
Authors: Vícha Ondřej
Published: December 2021

The aim of the paper is to briefly present the development of Czech mining law, its basic sources and related literature. The author of the article recalls the common roots of Czech and Polish mining law, which date back to the Middle Ages and are currently defined by EU law.Therefore, he mentions the relevant EU legal acts. The article examines the reasons for which the Czech Republic has the mining regulations adopted in 1988: the Mining Protection and Utilization Act (Mining Act) of April 19, 1988 (adopted by the Federal Assembly of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic) and two acts of on April 21, 1988, on mining, explosives and the state mining administration, and on geological works (both laws were adopted by the Czech National Council).
Sosialisasi dan Pelatihan Pangan Organik Bagi Masyarakat Desa Sambirejo, Kecamatan Pare, Kabupaten Kediri, Jawa Timur
Authors: Mulyana Ig. Jaka , Permata Sari Hartanti Lusia , Trihastuti Dian , Gunawan Ivan
Published: December 2021

Penerapan berbagai teknologi dalam upaya peningkatan mutu intensifikasi pertanian secara umum fokus pada penggunaan benih unggul yang bermutu. Namun, penggunaan benih unggul bermutu menuntut penggunaan pupuk kimia sehingga menjadikan petani tergantung pada pupuk kimia. Hal ini bertentangan dengan konsep pertanian organik yang menekankan penerapan praktik-praktik manajemen yang lebih mengutamakan penggunaan input dari limbah kegiatan budidaya di lahan, serta mempertimbangkan daya adaptasi terhadap kondisi setempat. Sejalan dengan program pemerintah GO ORGANIK 2010 untuk memberdayakan petani organik, Gubug Lazaris termotivasi untuk memberdayakan masyarakat sekitar melalui kegiatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan di bidang pertanian organik. Survei awal dilakukan untuk identifikasi kebutuhan dan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat. Hasil survei ini digunakan untuk mempersiapkan dan menyusun materi sosialisasi dan pelatihan. Pelaksanaan sosialisasi dan pelatihan dihadiri oleh 50 peserta yang sebagian besar merupakan warga desa Sambirejo. Pada akhir kegiatan dilakukan penyebaran senerai untuk mengetahui respon dari peserta. Hasil senerai menunjukkan bahwa 57,5% peserta sangat tertarik mengonsumsi pangan organik dan 42,5% peserta tertarik menanam tanaman organik. Dari diskusi selama kegiatan diperoleh informasi bahwa tantangan pertanian organik ini terutama penyadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya hidup sehat dan kelestarian lingkungan. Tantangan yang lain adalah harga pangan organik yang relatif lebih mahal.
L’Etat canadien: une union politique et sociale en redéfinition
Authors: Langlois Simon
Published: December 2021

Le Canada à l'aube des années 2000 resscmble peu au Canada de 1867, date de création du Dominion du Canada. La composition de sa population a radicalemcnt changé, son économie et sa culture ont été profondément modifiées. Rien là de bien original, dira-t-on, puisque les autres pays analysés dans ce numéro ont connu des évolutions comparables sur bien des aspects. Mais ce qui distingue le Canada est sans doute le fait que les valeurs fondatrices du pays ont elles aussi changé. Les nouvelles valeurs cardinales de la société canadienne, celles qui légitiment la représentation de lui-même que le nouveau Canada entend sc donner, sont maintenant l’egalité entre les individus, l’égalité entre les provinces, le multiculturalisme, le bilinguisme officiel des institutions fédérales, le respect des droits individuels et la recherche du bien-être et de la sécurité sociale des citoyens, valeurs auxquelles il faut ajouter la reconnaissance de l’identité des nations autochtones qui, comme le retour du refoulé en psychanalyse, sortent en force de l’oubli relatif dans lequel les avait relégués l’histoire canadienne (Laforcst 1992, 1995 ; McRoberts 1991, 1995, 1997 ; Robertson 1991 ; Taylor 1986. 1992).
In Memoriam
Authors: Riesman David
Published: December 2021

David Riesman, president of The Tocqueville Society/La Société Tocqueville from 1982 to 1991, died May 10 at what his friend, Jacques Barzun, described in another connection as “the increasingly popular age of 93.”
« Rupture de générations » en Russie
Authors: Levada Yuri
Published: December 2021

L’intérêt actuel que suscite le « changement de générations » serait dû aux circonstances historiques de la Russie au cours de ces dernières décennies. Tout d’abord, au rôle joué par la génération des « chestidesiatniki » (antistalinistes des années 1960) qui aurait ouvert la voie aux transformations modernes sans y avoir trouvé sa place, comme cela arrive souvent. Et puis aux idées que l’on se fait sur l’avenir de la Russie pour les décennies à venir, autrement dit, à la question de savoir ce que la génération montante apportera de nouveau.
Social Reproduction and Elite Attitudes in Russia
Authors: Mendras Marie
Published: December 2021

In 1998 The Tocqueville Review (Vol. XIX, n°1) published a series of articles which gave a variety of insights into the question of “Who Rules Russia?” Four years later, as President Putin already prepares for his re-election in 2004, we have addressed the issue from different perspectives. The approach is both sociological and political. Each author has a profound knowledge of Russian society, Russian modes of thinking and acting socially, in the recent past as much as in the very immediate present.
L’État et la Révolution
Authors: Cherkaoui Mohamed
Published: December 2021

Il n’est guère de sociologue des révolutions qui n’ait rencontré dans ses lectures ou à l’une des étapes de sa pensée l’oeuvre d’Alexis de Tocqueville. Les lecteurs de L’Ancien Régime ont, chacun selon sa sensibilité et ses intérêts théoriques, insisté sur tel ou tel aspect : on Ta tour à tour regardé comme un modèle d’analyse comparée des sociétés comme de phénomènes micrologiques, l’exemple topique de l’étude de vastes processus de modernisation politique avec leurs cycles longs, des mécanismes sociaux aux conséquences paradoxales, une théorie des élites et de l’émergence d’une idéologie, une étude rare du pouvoir absolu et de ses conséquences, enfin une interprétation originale de la Révolution qui rompt avec l’historiographie de son temps. Recenser les interprétations qui ont été faites de L’Ancien Régime dépasserait le cadre d’une communication de cette nature. Tel n’est, du reste, pas mon objectif.
Bioéthique et philosophie en France. Y a-t-il une bioéthique à la française?
Authors: Amann Jean-Paul
Published: December 2021

La philosophie française a réagi avec lenteur (ou circonspection ?) à la vague bioéthique qui a balayé les pays développés depuis le début des années 19802. Pas de chaires universitaires, pas de collections exclusivement consacrées à cette thématique, peu d’ouvrages (surtout si l’on compare à la production des pays de langue anglaise), encore moins d’articles dans les revues savantes. Tout s’est passé comme si les philosophes français, à de notables exceptions près, nous allons le voir, n’avaient pas perçu les problèmes de bioéthique comme des problèmes vraiment philosophiques.
Alexis de Tocqueville, un penseur pour le XXIe siècle
Authors: Hassner Pierre
Published: December 2021

Jamais de ma vie je n’ai été aussi intimidé qu’en recevant ce prix des mains d'une personne dont la dimension est celle de Valéry Giscard d’Estaing. C’est une expérience sans précédent pour moi, et d’autant plus troublante que, lorsque je considère l’oeuvre et l’action de certains membres du jury et de certains des lauréats précédents, je ne peux pas ne pas être sensible, par contraste, au caractère dispersé de mes écrits et à mon absence totale de rôle politique.
Alexis de Tocqueville and John Stuart Mill on Religion
Authors: Turner Frank M.
Published: December 2021

Alexis De Tocqueville and John Stuart Mill were friends, correspondents, and mutual admirers of each other's writings. Tocqueville considered Mill's reviews as among the most sympathetic and empathetic that he received. Mill acknowledged Tocqueville's influence on his thought regarding both democracy and majorities. Both writers, like so many nineteenth-century intellectuals, were deeply involved in the public life of their respective nations. Both men have been termed by Alan Kahan as "aristocratie liberals."1 Both, as Jennifer Pitts has recently reminded us, were also liberal imperialists.2 Works of both writers within their own lifetimes entered the canon of liberal political theory and have remained there to this day. Both have long have been taught in college and university curriculums on both sicles of the Atlantic. Scholars continue to find both Mill and Tocqueville figures of enormous complexity and subtlety about whom it is difficult to make broad general statements.
Tocqueville’s Blind Spot? Political Contestations Under the Old Regime
Authors: Baker Keith M.
Published: December 2021

Among the most significant features and principal achievements of the historiography of the Old Regime over the past quarter century has been the reassessment of the prerevolutionary constitutional conflicts between the French royal government and the parlements.
Malesherbes et Tocqueville : les origines parlementaires du libéralisme français
Authors: Bell David A.
Published: December 2021

Je me propose d'examiner ici un coup d'État français. C'est un coup d'état qui est attendu depuis plusieurs années, à la suite de longs conflits entre le pouvoir exécutif et les soi-disant représèntants du peuple. Il est médité, préparé et exécuté par le chef de l'État lui-même contre les représentants du peuple. Il est suivi par l'exécration quasiuniverselle du chef de l'État par l'opinion publique. Néanmoins, après un certain temps, le coup d'Etat semble avoir réussi. Les protestations diminuent, l'opinion publique accepte les changements. Les opposants se désespèrent et dénoncent la lassitude de leurs compatriotes. Quel est ce coup d'État ? Pour les historiens du XIXe siècle, la réponse est évidente : ce ne peut être que celui de Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte contre la Seconde République. Mais pour les his,toriens du XVIIIe siècle, il y a une autre réponse possible: le coup d'Etat du Chancelier Maupeou contre les parlements, c'est-à-dire les cours souveraines, au mois de décembre 1770.
L’Ancien Régime et la Révolution : Tocqueville, Burke et le libéralisme traditionaliste
Authors: Pozzi Regina
Published: December 2021

Dans mon étude je voudrais rapprocher Tocqueville d’autres auteurs qui, après lui, se sont mesurés aux problèmes qui sont au cœur de l’Ancien Régime et la Révolution : des auteurs que je qualifie de libéro-traditionalistes, parce qu’ils sont situés au point de rencontre de deux courants de pensée restés, jusqu’à eux, distincts et opposés dans la France du XIXe siècle, à savoir le libéralisme et le traditionalisme.
Tocqueville européen : la France et l'Allemagne
Authors: Mélonio Françoise
Published: December 2021

Tocquevlle doit sa reputation a Fampleur d’une pcnsee qui procode par d’incessantes comparaisons entre la France, les HtatsUnis et l’Anglcterre. « C’est une des infirmites singulicres de notre esprit», ccrit-il, « de ne pouvoir juger des objets, les vit-il daireroent et en plein soleil, s’il ne place un autre objet a cote » Cette affirmation vigoureuse des vertus du comparatisme, en 1854, n’a de surprenant que son contexte, car TocqueviUe ne pcnse ici ni aux Anglais ni aux Americains mais aux Allemands.
Le retour de Tocqueville
Authors: Casanova Jean-Claude
Published: December 2021

Lorsqu’il donnait son cours sur Pareto et Marx à Plnstitut d’Etudes politiqucs, à la fin des annees 40, Raymond Aron avait parmi ses étudiants (peu nombreux) Raymond Barre, François Bourricaud et Eric de Dampierre. II leur avait vivement recommandé de lire un auteur important, dont les éditions étaient diffidles à trouver, Alexis de Tocqueville, mais dont justement une dame élégante, qui tenait une petite librairie rue de Médicis, Marie-Thérèse Genin, avait eu 1’hcureuse idée de rééditer des extraits de La Démocratie en Amérique (Editions de Médicis, 1947).
Bentham and Tocqueville on Pauperism
Authors: Brunon-Ernst Anne
Published: December 2021

Alexis de Tocqueville and Jeremy Bentham belong to two different generations. When Tocqueville made his firt trip to the South of England in 1833 and, the following year, when the publication of De la Démocratie en Amérique launched his career as a successful political writer, Bentham had died a couple of years before. Bentham had certainly never heard about a young hopeful French writer called Tocqueville. At least there is no mention of his name in Bentham’s Works and Correspondence and why should there be? However Bentham’s theories were not unknown to Tocqueville, more particularly those related to prisons. Tocqueville became acquainted with Bentham’s Panopticon when he and Gustave de Beaumont were commissioned by the French Interior Ministry to write a report on the American prison system which was subsequently published under Du système pénitentianire aux États-Unis in 1831.
French Studies in Australia
Authors: Sankey Margaret
Published: December 2021

The Department of French Studies at the University of Sydney is the largest and oldest in Australia, with undergraduate and postgraduate students numbering approximately 600. Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth universities also have significant departments, but melbourne and Monash universities (both in Melbourne) are the only others to have Professorial chairs: in the hey-day of French Studies there were 13 professorial chairs in Australian universities and the lack of chairs now signals that French Studies programmes overall have been downgraded, French language programmes and the study of France and the French often becoming part of comparative literature or European studies courses.
La figure de l’homme nouveau dans l’œvre de François Furet : Incarner l’utopie révolutionnaire, 1789/1917
Authors: Ducoulombier Romain
Published: December 2021

L’œuvre de François Furet a exploré, à partir de questionnements très précoces, l’ensemble de l’histoire politique française depuis le XVIIIe siècle1 jusqu’à la chute du communisme. Sur un socle aussi large, François Furet a composé une pensée profonde du moderne, de nature plus historique que philosophique.
Nicolas Sarkozy’s Faith in the Republic
Authors: Laurence Jonathan
Published: December 2021

Religion, which never intervenes directly in the government of American society, should therefore be considered as the first of their political institutions, for although it did not give them the taste for liberty, it singularly facilitates their use thereof... I do not know if all Americans have faith in their religion—for who can read the secrets of the heart?—but I am sure that they think it necessary to the maintenance of republican institutions.
Between worlds: The life and work of Albert O. Hirschman. Introduction
Authors: Adelman Jeremy , Loyer Emmanuelle
Published: December 2021

Why Hirschman? There are several plausible answers: a fascinating life that traverses the world and its conflicts; a unique mind that transcends disciplines and moments of their conception; or an exemplary humanist concerned about humanity. In what follows, we invite readers to consider the “Hirschman case” for its considerable heuristic value. Our primary objective was to provide a number of situated histories of social scientific thought. Some are explored through the institutional locations where it developed – such as the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton.
Bentham’s “Place and Time”
Authors: Engelmann Stephen G. , Pitts Jennifer
Published: December 2021

In recent years Bentham scholarship has unearthed a new Jeremy Bentham from manuscript, and this figure is gradually displacing the received Bentham of pre-revisionist research. The effects of new Bentham editing can be particularly dramatic because of the peculiar histories of so many of his texts; he wrote a fantastic amount and only supervised the publication of a small portion of it, and the editor who did the most to make his reputation - Étienne Dumont of Geneva — took great liberties in his successful French-language recensions.
La transparence chez Jeremy Bentham : de l’invisibilité d’un concept à sa publicité
Authors: Bozzo-Rey Malik
Published: December 2021

Comment aborder un concept dont la simple énonciation est devenue un mot d’ordre ou un slogan? Car tel semble être le destin de la « transparence ». Qui n’a pas lu ou entendu les injonctions à la transparence durant la crise financière amorcée en 2008? Injonction censée protéger les démocraties et moraliser le système financier. Qui n’a pas lu ou entendu les violentes attaques contre le site Wikileaks — son fondateur justifiant son existence par la nécessité d’une transparence démocratique?
La lutte contre les changements climatiques : pourquoi le Canada en fait-il sis peu?
Authors: Dion Stéphane
Published: December 2021

Le Canada est l’un des pays les plus admirés du monde. Plusieurs études comparatives le montrent. Encore récemment, un sondage international réalisé par le Reputation Institute classait le Canada au premier rang sur cinquante pays pour l’admiration et l’estime qu’il suscite1.
La malheureuse exception. Démocratie, esprit industriel et organisations de la production chez Tocqueville
Authors: Lanza Andrea
Published: December 2021

Le lecteur des deux tomes de la Démocratie en Amérique peut s’étonner du rôle que l’industrie joue comme du rôle qu’elle ne joue pas dans ce livre de Tocqueville. A ce sujet, le contraste entre cette oeuvre et d’autres textes du même auteur peut paraître non moins étonnant. Soucieux de saisir la cohérence de son discours, je voudrais interroger ce contraste en observant le regard de Tocqueville sur les faits économiques1 comme une des attitudes possibles à une époque où l’interrogation sur le statut de la science économique était central2, notamment chez des auteurs très différents se réclamant de 1’« économie sociale »3.
The political history of administration: Forms of the state in France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Authors: Chatrtot Alain
Published: December 2021

The few works that have focused on the history of the state in France stand in stark contrast to the vigor of the judgments made on its behalf. Thus a disparity emerged: the state as a political problem, or as a bureaucratic phenomenon, is at the heart of partisan passions and philosophical debates at the same time that it has remained a kind of ahistorical object.1
Historical contributions to a renewed sociology of the state: Crossed Franco-American perspectives
Authors: Gensburger Sarah
Published: December 2021

In France and across the Atlantic, historians’ interest in the state is relatively recent. In 1990, Rosanvallon was still deploring the state’s status as a “historical non-object” (1990, p. 9), whereas, three years earlier, for Leuchtenburg, then president of the Organisation of American Historians, the State remained a “new frontier” to be conquered for the discipline (1986, p. 589).
Reforming the tax state: Taxation and democracy in a transatlantic perspective, France-USA (1880s-1930s)
Authors: Delalande Nicolas
Published: December 2021

This article highlights the recent historiographical revisions that have led historians on both sides of the Atlantic to develop innovative and refreshing views on state-building and state-society relationships through a comparative study of tax reform in France and the United States at the turn of the twentieth century*. Taxation offers a good case study because it deals with the power of the state, its capacity to act upon and shape society, and provides information about the way it is perceived by citizens, as Joseph Schumpeter summed up in his famous statement (1918).
La liberté politique selon Arendt et Tocqueville
Authors: Sertdemir Özdemir Seçkin
Published: December 2021

Les œuvres d’Alexis de Tocqueville et de Hannah Arendt, tout en étant des classiques de la pensée politique, continuent encore de nos jours à demeurer inclassables.
Les sciences sociales à l'épreuve de la guerre et de la commémoration : le cas de la Première Guerre mondiale. Introduction
Authors: Duclert Vincent
Published: December 2021

L’entrée de la Grande Guerre dans le cycle commémoratif de son centenaire conduit The Tocqueville Review/La Revue Tocqueville à réunir un ensemble d’études témoignant du dynamisme de la recherche et des nouvelles lectures de l’événement. Il s’agit en l’occurrence des contributions de Jean Joana sur « Les sciences sociales face au combat », de Chiara Ruffa sur « Les croyances sociales des usages de la force en Israël, en Italie et en France », d’Eric Sangar sur « La présence de la Grande Guerre dans les discours : persistance d’une ‘asymétrie’ de mémoire franco-allemande? », et de William I.
Republicanism and property-owning democracy: How are they connected?
Authors: White Stuart
Published: December 2021

Recent years have seen a growth of interest in republicanism in academic political theory (Sandel, 1996; Pettit, 1997, 2012; Skinner, 1998; Honohan, 2002). There has also been a more modest growth of interest in “Property-Owning Democracy” (POD) as a form of economic organization, as advocated by John Rawls (Rawls, 1999). A POD is a market economy, with a significant role for private ownership of the means of production, but in which public authority is used to sustain an egalitarian distribution of productive assets so that market outcomes are more equal than is typical of a capitalist society. The categorisation of Rawls’s theory as “liberal”, combined with the tendency to see “liberalism” and “republicanism” as rival, even opposing schools of thought, might lead one to think that republicanism and POD stand in some kind of rival or antagonistic relationship.
Introduction. Investigating inequalities: A new Tocqueville
Authors: Mélonio Françoise , Sawyer Stephen W.
Published: December 2021

On February 5, 2016 we held the first jointly organized symposium by the American University of Paris and The Tocqueville Review. It has grown naturally out of the shared mission of an international university and The Tocqueville Society, which has had the association of Europe and United States as one of its fundamental traits.
Enfermedad de Wilson: generalidades y enfoque en un estudio de correlación para la determinación de ceruloplasmina sérica entre dos métodos para su diagnóstico
Authors: Rojas Montero Vernon José , Pérez Muñoz José Daniel , Padilla Segura Luis Alvaro
Published: December 2021

g
Radioterapia y cardiotoxicidad
Authors: Sojo Padilla José Ricardo , Vargas Ávila Aarón Josué , Tinoco Chavarría Valeria
Published: December 2021

La cardiotoxicidad comprende todo un campo de estudio dentro de la disciplina de cardio oncología. A su vez, la radioterapia representa uno de los tratamientos más señalados en el desarrollo de cardiopatía asociada a terapias oncológicas; y en este caso en particular, se denomina Enfermedad Cardiaca Inducida por Radiación (ECIR). 

La prevención, detección temprana, y el tratamiento de la ECIR, se mantienen en constante estudio y representan un desafío para el futuro, sabiendo que la sobrevida de pacientes con cáncer se mantiene en aumento, y por ende es probable que aumente la prevalencia de casos con complicaciones cardiacas asociadas a radiación.
LIBERALISM AS A MODERN IDEOLOGY
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Scienсes of Ukraine, Hontar V. E. , Storozhuk S. V. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Scienсes of Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The article differentiates modern socio-political narratives with their inherent speculative ontological and anthropological foundations and the real causes of social transformations of the modern era and shows that the ideological and socio-political foundations of liberalism emerged in the pre-modern era widespread after the invention of printing technology. Through book printing, liberalism opened wide access to information resources and contributed to the important transformation of peoples into nations, uniting historically conditioned social demands of peoples into an ideological core. The uniqueness of liberalism was determined by the collective interests of the active minority, which, using the achievements of information technology revolutions, made efforts to destroy the archaic unjust orders and systems. The struggle against these unjust orders gave an indulgence to uncriticalism, thus contributing to the penetration into the public consciousness of a large number of ideals and norms, which promoted the enslavement of people, disguising it as humanistic tendencies.
WAYS OF MEMORY PROCESSES IMPROVEMENT DURING THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Каchmarchyk S. H.
Published: December 2021

Subject under consideration in the article is memory as entire, complex and uninterrupted process and lecturer’s influence on character of students’ memory processes. Efficient techniques for improving memory processes of various scientists and the features of modern technologies for English vocabulary memorizing have been studied; non-traditional ways of words memorizing in the English language teaching methods, shown good results in practice have been proposed. The author has analyzed the inclusion of psychology for studying English. The psychological aspects of efficiency increasing of new words memorizing in English classes have been shown. It has been proposed that teachers take into account the individual differences of students in perception and memorization of new English vocabulary. The use of psychological methods of mnemonics and pictograms in English classes has been also considered. Recommendations concerning positive consequences of lecturer’s impact on character of students’ memory processes have been given in the article.
The role of the state in combating COVID-19: vaccination problems
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Oleksandr Svitlychnyy
Published: December 2021

The article emphasizes that the health of the population, which is one of the greatest values, is a necessary condition for socio-economic development of the country and emphasizes that in the fight against acute respiratory disease COVID-19, vaccination of the population of Ukraine is important. The legal acts are analyzed, the problematic issues related to vaccination of the population are revealed. One of the reasons for mistrust is the spread of false information about vaccination. It is emphasized that the solution of the existing problems of vaccination puts before the state the need to take appropriate organizational and legal measures. The Law of Ukraine «On the Public Health System», № 4142, which is in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, should play an important role in this issue. Keywords: state, government, regulations, health, COVID-19, vaccination
Current state of activity of public governance bodies in the field of waste management
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Oleksandr Svitlychnyy , Oleksandr Gavrylyuk ,   Judge of the Northern Commercial Court of Appeal
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the activities of public administration authorities in the field of legal waste handling. Normative legal acts are analyzed, scientific opinions on the important role of administrative authorities are presented, the role of administrative law in the researched sphere is emphasized. It is proved that the regulation of relations in the field of waste handling is impossible without a system of public administration entities, which in accordance with laws and other regulations, within their competence are designed to solve the tasks of the state. It is identified that in addition to the executive authorities, other subjects of administrative law that do not belong to public authorities can have certain administrative functions in the field of waste handling. They can be legal entities and collective entities that have the status of a legal entity. In some cases, regulations may provide for the involvement of individuals of private law to implement management functions in the field of waste handling. Keywords: entities, public administration, waste, activity, normative legal acts
About the issue of punishment for juveniles
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Svitlana Kovalova , Nataliia Sokolovska ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the institute of criminal liability and punishment for minors under the Ukrainian legislation. Theoretical and practical features of sentencing for criminal offenses are examined and the main tendencies of sentencing at the present stage are determined. It is stated, that certain provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine on the sentencing of minors do not correspond to the worldwide practice of humanizing the punishment for juveniles. It is determined that the purpose of criminal punishment for minors is the process of education. Also, it is proved, that this goal should be confirmed in the current Penal Code. Attention is focused on the fact that the backbone of the state strategy on criminal law counteraction to juvenile delinquency should be a child-friendly system of juvenile justice. The necessity of adding new types of punishment into Penal Code of Ukraine which would be applied only for young offenders is defined. Moreover, the expediency of forming a new system of punishment for juveniles, which would take into account more sophisticated and new educational measures is proved. The peculiarities of imposing criminal punishment on minors according to the legislation of other foreign countries are clarified. It is shown that special penalties for minors, which are not connected with isolation, are provided by the criminal legislation of most European countries. Keywords: juvenile, sentencing, criminal liability, sanity, punishment, delinquency, criminal law policy, humanism, condemnation, psychological features
Regulatory and legal environment of counterfeiting and prevention of domestic violence against women
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Liusia Hbur
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the legal support for combating and preventing domestic violence against women. The statistics show that in 2020 the bodies and institutions entrusted with the functions of implementing measures to prevent and combat domestic violence received 211,362 complaints about domestic violence, of which – 2,756 from children, 180,921 – from women , 27 676 – from men. It is concluded that the ratification of the Istanbul Convention is still open, which currently helps all signatory states to effectively combat a wide range of phenomena, including psychological violence, physical violence, sexual violence, especially rape, forced marriage, forced abortion, forced abortion, forced abortion. genitals, crimes in the name of so-called «honor», harassment, sexual harassment, etc. In addition, the need to ratify the Istanbul Convention has been and continues to be insisted on by the world community, as by signing this Convention, Ukraine has committed itself to ratifying it in the future. It is determined that the normative-legal provision of prevention and counteraction to domestic violence against women consists of a set of international covenants, declarations and conventions, normative-legal and by-laws normative-legal acts. It has been found that the number of reports of violence against women is increasing every year, so the legislator should work to prevent any forms of domestic violence by amending the legislation governing preventive measures. Keywords: violence, women, gender equality, Istanbul Convention, domestic violence, combating violence, domestic violence, gender equality
Zjednoczone Koła Zjazdów Rolniczych – organizacja ziemian Galicji Wschodniej w pamiętnikowej relacji Karola Krusensterna (część I)
Authors: Ruciński Piotr
Published: December 2021

W 1907 r. we Lwowie powstały Zjednoczone Koła Zjazdów Rolniczych – organizacja wschodniogalicyjskich ziemian, powołana przez Jana Emanuela Rozwadowskiego. Stowarzyszeniu, które dotychczas nie cieszyło się zainteresowaniem historyków, sporo miejsca poświęcił w swoim wspomnieniach pt. Mój pamiętnik jego członek Karol Krusenstern – ziemianin i przedsiębiorca, właściciel uzdrowiska Niemirów. Prezentowany fragment tekstu Krusensterna zawiera najważniejsze informacje o Zjednoczonych Kołach – ich genezie, celach, środkach działania, osiągnięciach i głównych działaczach. Pamiętnik stanowi również unikalne źródło wiedzy o Kole II ZKZR, którego autor był sekretarzem, dając interesujące charakterystyki członków i zapoznając czytelnika ze specyfiką organizowanych przez nie zjazdów rolniczych. Do spraw poruszanych przez Krusensterna należą również m.in. współpraca stowarzyszenia z Towarzystwem Kółek Ziemian i przenikanie do działających w Galicji organizacji (np. Galicyjskiego Towarzystwa Gospodarskiego). Wspomina on także o związkach, łączących środowisko Zjednoczonych Kół z obozem politycznym Narodowej Demokracji.
Zło patriarchatu. O Gniewie Zygmunta Miłoszewskiego jako kryminale zaangażowanym
Authors: Orządała Olimpia
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on social commitment in crime fiction. Based on Zygmunt Miłoszewski’s Rage, it discusses the theme of violence against women and that of the criticism of the victim support system. The author of this article proposes the name for a new literary genre – the committed crime novel.
Bad Custom
Authors: Perron Anthony
Published: December 2021

The place and function of custom as a species of law—distinguished from custom as simply polite manners or cherished cultural traditions—has long been a source of research and debate among legal theorists and historians. One school of thought, reflecting the authority of written statute in modern jurisprudence, has relegated custom in a juridical sense to “primitive” societies, whereas proper law belongs to a world of state sovereignty. Other scholars have revisited the continuing validity of custom, including a trenchant body of work on the use (and manipulation) of custom in modern colonial regimes. At the same time, some have seen benefits in the acknowledgment of custom as a source of norms. A 2006 collection of articles, for instance, explored ways in which customary law might serve as a better foundation for the sustainable development of natural resources. As David Bederman has written, “Custom can be a signal strength for any legal system—preliterate or literate, primitive or modern.”
Hanoi’s Built Materiality and the Scales of Anthropology
Authors: Fujita Takanari
Published: December 2021

Hanoi’s ‘collective housing quarters’ (KTTs) are a living legacy of its socialist past. Since the 2000s the state has set out radical redevelopment plans to transform KTTs into new buildings, but these have largely failed. What are the possible explanations for this failure? KTTs have gradually transformed in their material forms through self-built modifications initiated by residents. Such material property of KTTs bears on the pathway of redevelopment, but official discourses are silent about this. In this article I show how KTTs as things have the capacity to transform anthropological thinking. The material property of KTTs as a citywide phenomenon affords a particular scale of analysis, with which we can imagine humans as participants in the material world instead of viewing materialities as participants in society.
Colonialism to Neo-Colonialism: The Chinese Use of Foreign Direct Investment and the Case of Pakistan
Authors: Hashim Rao Raza , Arfeen Bushra
Published: December 2021

The practice of neo-colonialism was initially introduced by the United States through the establishment of institutions like the Bretton Woods Institutions (IMF and World Bank) and continuing the legacy, China soon took over and had been using FDI to further its neo-colonial agenda in various parts of the world, including Pakistan. This research explores the history of colonization in the Sub-Continent and traces the origins of neo-colonization with a focus of the United States as a pioneer of the practice and China as the contemporary neo-colonizer. The research traces the transition from colonialism to neo-colonialism and examines the case of Pakistan as a victim of neo-colonialism, presenting the case based on evidence. The paper concludes that neo-colonialism is indeed colonialism with a changed outlook and proposes certain recommendations for Pakistan to minimize the impact of Chinese colonialism.
A STUDY ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF MIDDLE-INCOME GROUP ALONG URBAN CANAL WATERFRONTS
Authors:   University of Moratuwa, Madhushan A.M.L. , Dharmasena J. ,   University of Moratuwa
Published: December 2021

In most of the cases, canal network in Greater Colombo region work as the drainage system of the urban area and as the backyard of the city. Therefore, there is a lack of attention to the canal waterfronts by the government and by the public. Hence, this research was to find out and evaluate the factors, which will affect the quality of life of people along urban canal waterfronts. It has been discussed in terms of liveability through a series of carefully selected indicators. Liveability surveys were conducted along five canal waterfronts and the participants’ perceptions were taken. Every canal waterfront was assigned a rating of over 25 qualitative and quantitative factors (set of indicators) across six broad categories (dimensions): safety, comfort, health and wellbeing, mobility, environment, and socio-cultural factors. Each qualitative factor was given a rating from 1(tolerable)-5(intolerable). Qualitative factors were then combined with quantitative factors through a series of equations to form the liveability index. According to the proposed liveability index, transport dimension index is ideal (100), while the health and well-being dimension is the lowest (27). This will help for the creation of government policies, plans, rules and regulations and when implementing projects along urban canal waterfronts.
THE INFLUENCE OF STREET’S ELEMENTS ON WALKABILITY: A CASE OF COLOMBO 07
Authors:   Department of Town & Country Planning, University of Moratuwa, Ravindra R.K.M.P. , Sooriyagoda K.G. ,   Department of Town and Country Planning, University of Moratuwa
Published: December 2021

The walking behaviour of pedestrians continuously depends on street design and its quality. In Asian countries, streets have evolved from traditional streets without interpreting the actual need and impact of street elements for walking behaviour. However, they act only as transportation links while limited to the name by itself. This research aimed to identify the street elements that influence walkability and to investigate the most influential factor for walkability in terms of “Link and Place” to promote walkability in the Sri Lankan context. This study was conducted using a mixed-method approach. The on-site observations were carried out through a photograph survey and rough sketches to observe the street elements. Later, findings were validated through the questionnaire survey regarding the seven principles of a walkable street. Then, data were analysed by using descriptive analysis and correlation analysis aided by SPSS software. The findings of the observation and questionnaire revealed that there are nine most common street elements of streets which influence walkability in the Sri Lankan context. Finally, the study agreed that both “Link and Place” functions are equally important for the walkability of pedestrians.