bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Trans-Border Arrangement of Ming Pilgrim Flasks and the Narrative of Transculturation in the British Museum
Authors: Yang Pao-Yi
Published: March 2021

This article revolves around the concepts of trans-border arrangement and transculturation and their significance to a critical theme in the British Museum today: cultural connectivity. Trans-border arrangement refers to displaying and classifying an object in museum space based on the object’s context of production as well as its relations with other objects and people; its transfer, gifting, collection, consumption, and appropriation. It represents, in museum space today, the circulation of material objects across cultural-geographical boundaries over a period of time in the past. To illustrate a trans-border arrangement, this article provides an empirical investigation of the multiple placements of Ming pilgrim flasks in the British Museum’s galleries of China, India, and Europe. This display scheme not only shows how the British Museum can accommodate the narrative of transculturation into its spatial configuration, but also how the institution of the museum can engage in the global turn in art history that blossomed in the late 1990s.
Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Based Analytical Techniques for Food Safety Evaluation
Authors: Xue Yan , Peng Yao , Geng Zhao , Wang Yitao , Ung Carolina Oi Lam , Hu Hao
Published: March 2021

As the supply chain of food around the world has become more and more globalized and complicated, food safety issue has attracted considerable concern owing to the widespread pollution of the whole ecosystem and the extent of their impact on the well‐being of human beings. Correspondingly, a variety of analysis approaches to detecting and even adsorbing contaminants in food have been extensively explored and investigated. Among them, Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as potential versatile sensing materials have been utilized in the construction of multitude of sensing platforms with excellent performance to monitor different pollutants of food, including pesticide residues, heavy metals, mycotoxins and so on. Herein, we briefly introduce the progress of the MOFs‐based sensing techniques, and then present the typical contributions of representative sensing platforms in detection of pesticides, heavy metals and other contaminants. Finally, we evaluate and discuss the future perspectives and challenges of MOFs in food contaminant analysis.
La complejidad de Medellín en el horizonte de la modernidad (1930-1950): tensiones, imaginarios, conflictos y educación. Una lectura de ciudad en el discurso de Juan José Hoyos Naranjo
Authors: González Rodríguez Luz Dory
Published: March 2021

Se considera abordar el análisis de la crónica La última muerte de Guayaquil (1984) del periodista, investigador, docente y escritor Juan José Hoyos Naranjo, para relevar la propuesta de corte temporal y hacer una lectura crítica de ella desde la óptica del pensamiento complejo y la educación, prestando atención al recorrido trazado por el autor del que se ocupa este estudio y las resonancias de ese camino en un contexto histórico. Dicho análisis se desarrollará en torno a cuatro ejes: primero, la representación de la ciudad de Medellín como espacio urbano central, en el marco del proceso de éxodo campesino que atravesó Colombia y el Departamento de Antioquia entre 1930 y 1950. Segundo, la manera como ha sido abordado este género en los estudios literarios y periodísticos latinoamericanos que posibilita identificar, en el discurso de Hoyos, procedimientos formales del momento transicional de principios de siglo XX (léase 1930). Un tercer eje son las consideraciones que desvendan el establecimiento literario epocal —Juan José Hoyos visto como investigador, docente y escritor de periodismo narrativo cuyo trabajo focaliza  en la investigación de la ciudad de Medellín de finales del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX— y la ubicación del proyecto intelectual y escritural de Hoyos en el periodismo colombiano del siglo XXI. Por último, la vigencia de sus textos en torno a las relaciones de poder, los mecanismos de dominación y las formas de resistencia.
YÖNETİM VE MATEMATİK BAĞLANTISI
Authors: ESMER Yusuf , ELMALI Kübra
Published: March 2021

İnsanın var olduğu ilk andan beri yönetim olgusu insan yaşamında yer almıştır. Yönetim en kısa ve en basit şekliyle “başkalarına iş gördürme faaliyeti” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yönetim, evrensel bir süreç, eski bir sanat dalı olmakla birlikte yeni ve sürekli gelişmekte olan bir bilim dalıdır. Bu bağlamda yönetim biliminin dolaylı ya da doğrudan ilişkili olduğu birçok bilim dalı bulunmaktadır. Yönetim biliminin, sosyoloji, psikoloji, antropoloji ve sosyal psikoloji gibi bilim dalları ile doğrudan ilişkili olmasının yanında matematik bilimi ile de yakın ilişkili olduğu söylenebilmektedir. Ancak literatürde yönetim ve matematik ilişkisine doğrudan değinilmediği ya da çok az değinildiği görülmektedir. Bu nedenle yönetim ve matematik ilişkisine yönelik bir çalışmanın yapılmasının literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı yönetim ve matematik bağlantısını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmanın giriş bölümü işlendikten sonra yönetim kavramı kısaca açıklanmakta, sonrasında mevcut çalışmalardan hareketle yönetim ve matematik bağlantısı tartışılmıştır. Araştırmada, yönetimin karar verme, planlama ve denetim aşamasında matematik biliminden yoğun bir şekilde yararlandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
МАШИНА ДЛЯ ОБРОБКИ ДЕТАЛЕЙ З СЕМИЛАНКОВИМ ПРОСТОРОВИМ МЕХАНІЗМОМ - СИНТЕЗ ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Залюбовський М. Г. , Панасюк І. В. , Малишев В. В.
Published: March 2021

Synthesis of a seven-link spatial statically determined mechanism without redundant (passive) connection with an additional moving link of a machine for processing parts, followed by an analytical study of its main structural and geometric parameters. Methodology.  An  analytical  research  method  was  used  based  on  the  geometric  and  structural synthesis  of  a  spatial  seven-link  statically  defined  mechanism  with  an  additional  movable  link  without redundant communication of the machine for processing parts; 3D modeling of the machine was performed in the SolidWorks 2016 computer-aided design system. Results.  On  the  basis  of  structural  synthesis,  the  design  of  a  seven-link  spatial  statically  defined mechanism  with  an  additional  movable link  of  the machine for processing  parts is  proposed,  there is  no redundant  connection  in  the  kinematic  chain  of  the  spatial  mechanism,  3D  modeling  of  the  machine  is performed  in  the  CAD  system  SolidWorks  2016.  Analytical  studies  of  the  main  geometric  and  design parameters of the developed machine are carried out. Scientific novelty. The relationship between various geometric parameters of the spatial seven-link statically determined mechanism is established, which makes it possible to calculate the optimal ratio of the lengths of the links of the mechanism to ensure the smooth functioning of the machine without jamming its spatial mechanism.  Practical significance. A new design of a machine for processing parts has been developed, based on  a  seven-section  spatial  statically  determined  mechanism  with  an  additional  moving  link  without redundant  communication.  Mathematical  dependences  are  obtained  for  calculating  its  basic  design  and geometric parameters. These dependencies can be used by the corresponding machine-building enterprises at the design stage of this type of equipment.
UMNO-PAS Islamization Policy Under The Leadership of Abdullah Badawi and Najib Razak
Authors:   Jabatan Sains Sosial, Pusat Pengajian Umum dan Kokurikulum,  Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA, Sabtu Muhamad Helmy , Ismail Amalin Sabiha ,   Jabatan Sains Sosial, Pusat Pengajian Umum dan Kokurikulum,  Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA, Mohamad Suhaimy Khairul Azman ,   Jabatan Sains Sosial, Pusat Pengajian Umum dan Kokurikulum,  Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA
Published: March 2021

Political Islamization in Malaysia is represented by the two largest Malay-Muslim party, UMNO and PAS. This article analyzes the Islamization policy introduced and implemented by UMNO and PAS during the era of Abdullah Badawi and Najib Razak as Prime Minister of Malaysia. This research presented four policies implemented by UMNO; Islam Hadhari, the Wasatiyyah principle, the Shariah Indeks of Malaysia, and the cooperation between UMNO and PAS. The four principles of Islamization introduced by PAS include; the agenda of the Islamic State, the implementation of Hudud, the Islam democratization, and the concept of Welfare State. The proposing of Islamization policies by both parties clearly shows that Islam has been one of the key indicators of country governance. The study also found that UMNO-PAS’s Islamization policy has finally pioneering the cooperation between two parties from 2015 until now.
A METHODOLOGY FOR EXAMINING GEOTOURISM POTENTIAL AT THE KRUGER NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors:   College of Business and Economics, School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa, MATSHUSA Khoḓani , THOMAS Peta ,   College of Business and Economics, Department of Business Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa, LEONARD Llewellyn ,   School of Ecological and Human Sustainability, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa, PO Box 392, UNISA, South Africa
Published: March 2021

In contrast to Europe, Asia and South America where geotourism is actively pursued, geotourism activities in South Africa have not to-date been a focus of tourism products. The purpose of this paper is to propose a field methodology that can be used to assess the potential for geotourism development. Existing procedures to establish geotourism site potential are reviewed and a new methodology that accounts for more characteristics than currently found in documented methods is proposed. This consists of three phases: creating a standardised manner of inventorying the sites; standardising field rank scoring for each site by geotourism value, cultural value, ecological sensitivity, accessibility, de velopment requirements, currently available academic literature, and, developing a final multi-site database assisting the South African National Parks to preserve geoheritage sites. Based on previous studies, the Kruger National Park has geoheritage sites that could form the basis for geotourism development: therefore, the methodology was piloted in its northern regions at well-known geoheritage sites. The findings of this study intend to assist the South African National Parks, local community leaders, the private sector (including existing tour operators) and government departments in achieving a national database of geoheritage sites to ultimately be associated with sustainable tourism activity led by local communities.
REVEALING TOURIST HOTSPOTS IN YOGYAKARTA CITY BASED ON SOCIAL MEDIA DATA CLUSTERING
Authors:   Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Department of Geographic Information Science, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, WIBOWO Totok Wahyu , SANTOSA Sigit Heru Murti Budi ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Geography, Department of Geographic Information Science, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, SUSILO Bowo ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Geography, Department of Geographic Information Science, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, PURWANTO Taufik Hery ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Geography, Department of Geographic Information Science, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: March 2021

Cities have a common characteristic in the form of land utilisation, which is dominated by built-up areas. Tourism is an essential aspect of city development because it can involve the identity of the city. Historical buildings, landmarks, shopping centres and museums are generally interesting places for tourists to visit. Yogyakarta, the research area, is synonymous as a city of culture and of students. Knowledge of the spatial clustering patterns of tourists can be one of the references for urban development. Social media data were used in the study as an alternative to direct data collection, which requires considerable resources. Flickr and Twitter were used as proxies to dete rmine the distribution of tourists, and the DBSCAN and HDBSCAN clustering algorithms were used to determine the centres of tourist activity. Furthermore, Flickr data were analysed temporally to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism in Yogyakarta City. The clustering of social media data results shows that there are several city hotspots, besides the already well-known tourist attractions. Apart from city landmarks, several other tourist hotspots were revealed through the clustering process, such as accommodation, shopping centres, entertainment venues and souvenir shops, which also support tourism activities. The impact of COVID-19 on tourism in Yogyakarta City can be reflected through the number of uploaded photos by tourists on Flickr, which has decreased since March 2020.
Comparison of Approaches to Stability Testing of Medicines in the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Belanova A. I. , Kovaleva E. L. , Mit’kina L. I.
Published: March 2021

Stability testing gives necessary data on the effect of such factors as temperature, light, humidity, etc. on the medicinal product quality. The results of these studies help to select suitable primary and secondary packaging and to determine storage conditions and shelf life for the product. The aim of this study was to compare current requirements for stability testing of medicinal products in the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The study covered stability testing of small-molecule medicines. The paper describes evolution of approaches to stability testing in the Russian Federation. It summarises the main differences in basic requirements for stability testing as stipulated in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (Ph. Rus.) XIII edition, Ph. Rus. XIV edition, and EAEU regulations. The study demonstrated that the Russian Federation lacks regulations containing specific requirements for stability testing performed to support variations to marketing authorisation documentation. The Ph. Rus. XIV edition does not specify the extent of stability testing to be performed after switching to another manufacturer of the active ingredient or introduction into operation of a new manufacturing site where the medicinal product will be produced. At the same time, the EAEU regulatory documents contain requirements for stability testing for each type of the most frequent variations to marketing authorisation documentation. The study demonstrated the continuing relevance of bringing the Russian regulations on stability testing in line with those of the EAEU.
EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF BRAKING EQUIPMENT OPERATION IN INNOVATION FREIGHT CARS
Authors: Rozhkova Elena
Published: March 2021

The object of researches is brake systems of innovation freight cars. The work purpose consists in the assessment of braking system effectiveness in innovation freight cars and in standard ones at different operation modes.

The scientific novelty consists in the definition of the dependence of a slide block depth on the length of wheel pair skidding motion and braking distance dependence upon car speed. During the work there was carried out a retrospective analysis of cases with traffic safety violation connected with the formation of excessive sliders in freight cars in organized trains because of the violation of braking equipment normal operation. By means of the least-squares method there was obtained a linear equation defining the dependence of slider depth upon the skidding length of a wheel pair. As a result of the work there were defined parameters of defect formation on freight car wheels at their skidding, the calculations of braking system efficiency in different freight cars were carried out.

In the course of the analysis of freight car braking efficiency there are obtained equations of braking length in the accepted range of speeds at the beginning of braking for empty and loaded states. Minimum values of the design factor of braking block pressing in translation to a train length of 200 shafts in the empty state were 0.2256 for a speed of 40km/h, in the loaded one – 0.1781 for a speed of 120 km/h at the standard values 0.22 and 0.14 respectively. By means of calculations and experiments it is proved that composite braking block pressing force on a shaft exceeds 4tf/shaft, and that of cast-iron – 10tf. Accordingly, a car with the shaft load of 25 tf/shaft and accepted parameters of a braking system may be operated up to the speeds of 120 km/h inclusive without limitations.
Work or Alienation? A conceptual understanding of Academic Labour Process in Neo-liberal University System.
Authors: Oladeinde Olusegun
Published: March 2021

Contextual analysis, review of literature
Considerations about the inclusion of long-term temporary correlations and self-similar patterns in IEEE 802.3-2005 network models
Authors: Millán Ginno
Published: March 2021

The foundation of a research project about a model of computer networks with media access control mechanism based on the IEEE standard 802.3-2005 is presented. The model draws from the theory of self-similar sets for establishing the impact level that the long range temporary correlations have on the performance of such networks. A new method for the estimation of self-similar levels based on a variation of the Whittle estimator is postulated-
Tugas SPEI Musdalifah
Authors: Musdalifah
Published: March 2021

Tugas artikel sejarah pemikiran ekonomi islam
Sejarah Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Hikmah Nur
Published: March 2021

Pemikiran ekonomi Islam muncul bersamaan dengan wahyu Al-Qur'an dan kehidupan Nabi pada akhir abad keenam hingga awal abad ketujuh. Penerapan sistem ekonomi Islam sudah ada dan Nabi Muhammad menjadikannya panutan bagi umat Islam. Bahkan orang Arab sudah dikenal sebagai bangsa pedagang sebelum masa Nabi Muhammad SAW
ARTIKEL SEJARAH PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: septiani Dian
Published: March 2021

artikel tentang sejarah pemikiran islam
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN STRESS PETUGAS KESEHATAN DALAM PENANGANAN COVID-19
Authors: Hasibuan Ananda Namora
Published: March 2021

Pada 11 Februari 2020, Direktur Jenderal WHO, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, mengumumkan bahwa penyakit yang disebabkan oleh CoV baru ini adalah "COVID-19," yang merupakan singkatan dari "penyakit coronavirus 2019". Kesusahan dan kecemasan adalah reaksi normal terhadap situasi yang mengancam dan tidak terduga seperti pandemi coronavirus. Kemungkinan reaksi yang berhubungan dengan stres sebagai respons terhadap pandemi coronavirus dapat mencakup perubahan konsentrasi, iritabilitas, kecemasan, insomnia, berkurangnya produktivitas, dan konflik antarpribadi, tetapi khususnya berlaku untuk kelompok yang langsung terkena dampak (misalnya tenaga profesional kesehatan). Selain ancaman oleh virus itu sendiri, tidak ada keraguan bahwa tindakan karantina, yang dilakukan di banyak negara, memiliki efek psikologis negatif, semakin meningkatkan gejala stres. Tingkat keparahan gejala sebagian tergantung pada durasi dan luas karantina, perasaan kesepian, ketakutan terinfeksi, informasi yang memadai, dan stigma, pada kelompok yang lebih rentan termasuk gangguan kejiwaan, petugas kesehatan, dan orang dengan status sosial ekonomi rendah. Perlunya intervensi dan pendekatan yang akan mendukun perasaan, kekhawatiran tentang kesehatan pribadi, katakutan membawa infeksi dan menularkannya kepada anggota keluarga atau orang lain, diisolasi, perasaan tidak pasti, stigmatisasi sosial, beban kerja yang berlebihan, dan merasa tidak aman ketika memberikan layanan perawatan dan kesehatan pada pasien COVID-19, sebagai dukungan pada mereka yang berada digarda depan dalam merawat dan mengobati pasien
People Pay In Cash
Authors: Si Hoan Luong Cu
Published: March 2021

The history of the preference to use cash, especially US dollars and gold bars could be traced to the hyperinflation of the 1980s as well as the economic crisis of 2008 – 2009 which saw inflation peaking at 28.3% in Aug 2008 alone.
Sejarah Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Nasrowi Muhammad Muhaimin
Published: March 2021

Sejarah pemikiran ekonomi islam
Church-Based Research: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Dunaetz David Robert
Published: March 2021

Because the church is the body of Christ, research focused on the Great Commission and Jesus’ concern for evangelism and disciple-making needs to be church-based. The goal of such research is to better share God’s love to a world who does not know him by building up a collection of knowledge that will enable us to do so. This research may be both theological (focusing on what the Bible and other theologians have said) and scientific (focusing on collecting new data and interpreting it, especially in light of theology). Church-based scientific research may be either qualitative (exploring broad ideas and phenomena in a relatively subjective way) or quantitative (testing specific ideas by collecting data measuring the variables of interest as objectively as possible). The Great Commission Research Journal is an especially appropriate outlet for publishing such research.
Nurlaela_Tugas 1
Authors: Nurlaela
Published: March 2021

Catatan ini menjelaskan mengenai sejarah pemikiran ekonomi islam
PLEKHA5 is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that pleckstrin homology domain containing A5, PLEKHA5, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. PLEKHA5 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of PLEKHA5 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient distant metastasis-free survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of PLEKHA5 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Sejarah Perkembangan Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Anshar Try Sunandar
Published: March 2021

sejarah singkat ekonomi islam
WARDAH_SEJARAH PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Wardah
Published: March 2021

Catatan pemikiran ekonomi islam pada masa rasulullah dan khalifah
Ministry Involvement of Church Staff and Volunteers: The Role of Organizational Commitment and Work Engagement
Authors: Dunaetz David Robert , Bocock Julie
Published: March 2021

One of the main functions of church leadership in the New Testament is to help people participate in ministry by serving others. However, church leaders may find it difficult to motivate lay volunteers, and even church staff, to do so. What are the factors that motivate ministry involvement? This paper examines the possible role of affective organizational commitment (the degree of emotional attachment to an organization) and work engagement (the degree to which one is immersed in and energized by one’s work) as motivating factors. A study of church members involved in ministry (N =336), including both lay volunteers and paid staff, was conducted to test whether both affective organizational commitment and work engagement predict ministry involvement. The results indicate that both organizational commitment and work engagement contribute to predicting ministry involvement of church staff and lay members. This relationship is true regardless of gender, tenure in the church, or church size. Work engagement is especially important for paid staff compared to lay volunteers. These results indicate that church leaders need to not only encourage commitment, but also to make sure that ministry is engaging and energizing for those who are serving.
THE RITUAL MEANING OF MA'NENE 'FOR THE SOCIETY OF TORAJASPECIFIC AND CLEAR TITLE IN INDONESIAN (Makna Ritual Ma'nene bagi Masyarakat Toraja Sebagai Budaya Indonesia)
Authors: HARZIKO
Published: March 2021

AbstractToraja culture with its authenticity makes this culture unique and cannot even be found in other areas. This uniqueness and authenticity is what makes Toraja culture known to foreign countries. Culture includes a way of thinking and a way of acting. This is characteristic of certain societies. This study aims to (1) find out the development of the Ma'nene 'ritual for the Toraja people and (2) to know the symbolic meaning contained in the Ma'nene' ritual. Ma'nene 'is a tradition of the ancestors of the Toraja people, namely the procession of changing ancestral clothes. This research is qulitative descriptive research. Research informants are determined by non?probability sampling. Primary data is carried out through observation and interviews with parties related to the research and secondary data is carried out through library research by reviewing some literature which isclosely related to the issues to be discussed. The data that has been collected is then presented in the form of realism narrative and analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that (1) the development of Ma'nene 'rituals that are still being carried out in the Toraja area until now has experienced many changes when compared to the Ma'nene' rituals that were carried out in the past. This is inseparable from the influence of the new religion adopted by the local community at this time which then replaced the previous religion, namely Aluk Todolo. (2) the meaning of Ma'nene 'for the Toraja people is through the ritual of caring for ancestral corpses carried out in this ritual, which is reflected in an attitude of continuing to love, respect and honor ancestral services.Keywords: makna, ritual, Ma’nene’, Toraja
HERIYANI SEJARAH PEMIKIRAN EI
Authors: Heriyani
Published: March 2021

Sejarah pemikiran ekonomi islam dalam masa pemerintahan rasulullah dan khalifah
Artikel Sejarah Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Aprilia Aninda
Published: March 2021

Artikel tentang sejarah pemikiran ekonomi islam
Tugas 1 Sejarah Pemikiran ekonomi Islam (Ainun Musfira 90100118005)
Authors: Musfira Ainun
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini memberikan pemahaman terkait sejarah pemikiran ekonomi islam yang dimulai pada zaman klasik Rasulullah SAW. sampai pada saat ini atau biasa disebut dengan zaman kontemporer. Al-Gazali adalah seorang tokoh pemikir ekonomi islam yang terkemuka. Beliau adalah seorang akademisi yang sangat hebat dan banyak menarik perhatian setiap kalangan takterkecuali yang Non-muslim. Pada saat awal kemunculannya sebagai pemikir ekonomi islam, Al-Gazali berada di zaman perbudakan dan masa feodalisme. Pada masa ini segala bentuk kegiatan perburuhan selalu diawasi dan dikendalikan oleh penguasa. Dalam kondisi lain perkembangan dan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan perekonomian sangat pesat. Pesatnya perkembangan dan kemajuan dalam bidang ini sangat didukung oleh pemerintah baik dalam bentuk materi maupun non materi. Kemunculan Al-Gazali ini bisa disebut berada pada tahap atau fase ke II yang mana di latarbelakangi oleh banyaknya tindakan korupsi dan krisis moral dan kesenjangan yang banyak terjadi di masyarakat. Jika dikaji secara menyeluruh, periode sejarah pemikiran ekonomi islam ini terbagi menjadi tiga fase, Pertama, zaman klasik atau masa Rasulullah SAW atau zaman kenabian, Kedua, zaman dinasti, Ketiga, zaman kebangkitan kembali yang terhitung sampai saat ini atau zaman kontemporer. Dalam tahapan pertama merupakan fase perkembangan dari teori eknomi islam klasik yang terjadi dalam tahapan waktu yang cenderung lama yaitu sekitar 9 abad. Pada masa ini sejumlah ulama yang menjadi pemikir ekonomi islam mulai banyak bermunculan tak terkecuali Al-Gazali. Mereka muncul dengan berbagai karya yang menarik perhatian orang banyak bahkan sampai saat ini.
Sejarah Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Nurkhafifah Eka
Published: March 2021

catatan terkait dengan sejarah pemikiran ekonomi Islam
Sensory Recruitment in Visual Short-Term Memory: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Sensory Visual Cortex Interference Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Phylactou Phivos , Traikapi Artemis , Papadatou-Pastou Marietta , Konstantinou Nikos
Published: March 2021

Sensory visual areas are involved in encoding information in Visual Short-Term Memory (VSTM). Yet, it remains unclear if sensory visual cortex is a necessary component of the brain network for maintenance of information in VSTM. Here, we aimed to systematically review studies that have investigated the role of the sensory visual cortex in VSTM using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and to quantitatively explore these effects using meta-analyses. Fourteen studies were identified and reviewed. Eight studies provided sufficient data for meta-analysis. Two meta-analyses, one regarding the VSTM encoding phase (17 effect sizes) and one regarding the VSTM maintenance phase (15 effect sizes), two meta-regressions (32 effect sizes in each), and one exploratory meta-analysis were conducted. Our results indicate that the sensory visual cortex is similarly involved in both the encoding and maintenance VSTM phase. We suggest that in some cases where evidence did not show significant TMS effects, this is due to low memory or perceptual task demands. Overall, these findings support the idea that sensory visual areas are part of the brain network responsible for successfully maintaining information in VSTM.
Bayesian Experimental Design of Cyber-Physical Tests for Hydrodynamic Model Calibration
Authors: Abbiati Giuseppe , Sauder Thomas
Published: March 2021

An application of cyber-physical testing to the empirical estimation of difference-frequency quadratic transfer functions is presented. As an alternative to today's procedure based on hydrodynamic tests with broad-banded or realistic (e.g., JONSWAP) wave spectra, tests in bichromatic waves are considered. The laboratory setup is the one developed by Sauder \& Tahchiev (2020) that enables magnifying the sensitivity of the floater response to the low-frequency wave loading by adjusting the stiffness and damping parameters of a virtual soft mooring system. Bayesian experimental design is proposed to optimize the selection of the control variables (frequencies in the bichromatic wave and properties of the virtual mooring system) for a batch of cyber-physical tests. The experimental design algorithm is based on the recent work of Huan \& Marzouk (2013). In a virtual yet realistic case study using an uncertain parametric quadratic transfer function, we demonstrate how the uncertainty of its describing parameters and other calibration parameters (low-frequency added mass and hydrodynamic damping) can be reduced. Results indicate that the proposed procedure has the potential for reducing experimental cost for calibration of hydrodynamic models.
A Simulation-Based Analysis of The Effects of Variable Prosthesis Stiffness On Interface Dynamics Between The Prosthetic Socket and Residual Limb
Authors: McGeehan Michael
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Loading of a residual limb within a prosthetic socket can cause tissue damage such as ulceration. Computational models and simulations may be useful tools for estimating tissue loading within the socket and thus provide insights into how interventions (e.g. prosthesis designs or rehabilitation techniques) affect residual limb-socket interface dynamics. The purpose of this study was to model and simulate residual limb-socket interface dynamics and evaluate the effects of varied prosthesis stiffness on interface dynamics during gait. Methods: A spatial contact model of a residual limb-socket interface was developed and integrated into a gait model with a below-knee amputation. Gait trials were simulated for four subjects walking with low, medium, and high prosthesis stiffness settings. The effects of prosthesis stiffness on interface kinematics, normal pressure, and shear stresses were evaluated. Mean group responses and a subject-specific case study were analyzed. Results: Model-predicted outcome values were similar to those reported previously in sensor-based experiments; however, there were no discernable effects of prosthesis stiffness on interface dynamics among the group data (p>0.05). Subject-specific data showed decreased external rotation in the low stiffness trials, though high variability was present in the data. Conclusions: These methods may be useful to aid experimental studies by providing insights into the effects of varied prosthesis design parameters or gait conditions on residual limb-socket interface dynamics. Data suggest that these effects may be subject-specific.
A global sensitivity analysis framework for hybrid simulation with stochastic substructures
Authors: Tsokanas Nikolaos , Zhu Xujia , Abbiati Giuseppe , Marelli Stefano , Sudret Bruno , Stojadinovic Bozidar
Published: March 2021

Hybrid simulation is used to investigate the experimental dynamic response of a component or sub-assembly of a prototype structure using a hybrid model. The latter comprises both physically-tested and numerically-simulated substructures interacting with each other in a real-time feedback loop. In this study, we extend our previous work on metamodel-based sensitivity analysis of deterministic hybrid models to the practically more relevant case of stochastic hybrid models. The aim is to cover a more realistic situation where the physical substructure response is not deterministic. A generalized lambda surrogate model recently developed by some of the authors is proposed to surrogate the hybrid model response, and Sobol' sensitivity indices are computed for substructure quantity of interest response quantiles. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid simulation global sensitivity analysis framework is demonstrated using an experiment.
A comprehensive, interdisciplinary view of inner speech may be a unique lens through which we can better understand living with aphasia and aphasia recovery
Authors: Stark Brielle C , Alexander Julianne M
Published: March 2021

Purpose: While behavioral aphasia therapy is beneficial (Brady et al., 2016), we do not fully understand factors that predict therapy response, or that contribute to extra-linguistic aspects of living with aphasia (e.g., psychosocial). The purpose of this Viewpoint is to postulate that inner speech – the ability to talk to oneself in one’s head – may be an important factor. However, prior work evaluating inner speech in aphasia has been limited in scope. Here, we innovatively draw from interdisciplinary evidence to discuss a more comprehensive view of inner speech and propose how evaluating a multidimensional inner speech may be meaningful in understanding living with aphasia and aphasia recovery. Methods: We give an interdisciplinary overview of inner speech, as it relates to aphasia. Results: Research with persons with aphasia shows that inner speech can be relatively spared in comparison to overt speech. However, this research has taken a narrow view of inner speech, defining inner speech as a covert ‘voice’ drawn upon during experimental tasks, such as object naming, rhyme decisions, or tongue twisters. Cross disciplinary research evaluating inner speech has identified its multidimensionality (specifically, dimensions of intentionality, condensation, and dialogality). Inner speech evaluated across these dimensions in neurotypical populations has shown that inner speech can be related to personal factors like self-awareness; retain phonetic features but also be like ‘thinking in pure pictures; and be both monologic and dialogic. Conclusions: Quantifying a multidimensional inner speech in aphasia will enable future work elaborating on factors related to extra-linguistic and linguistic processes of recovery, as well as living well with aphasia.
Channeling: a non-pathological possession and dissociative identity experience or something else?
Authors: Pederzoli Luciano , Tressoldi Patrizio , Wahbeh Helane
Published: March 2021

Channeling experiences are often compared with Dissociative Trance/Possession Disorders and Dissociative Identity disorders and more recent diagnostic criteria presented in the DSM 5 and ICD-11.From this comparison, it emerges quite clearly that, for most cases, channeling can either be considered an exceptional non-ordinary mental experience or a non-pathological Dissociative Trance/Possession experience.If this characterization is valid, the next step is to understand the origin of channeling experiences. Are they an expression of channeler’s unconscious or voluntary mental mechanisms, or real connections with “other discarnate entities”?Given their peculiar characteristics, channeling experiences offer a unique opportunity for a scientific investigation and in particular, the origin of the information received by the channelers.
Computational Understanding, Generation and Evaluation of Creative Expressions
Authors: Alnajjar Khalid
Published: March 2021

Computational creativity has received a good amount of research interest in generating creative artefacts programmatically. At the same time, research has been conducted in computational aesthetics, which essentially tries to analyse creativity exhibited in art. This thesis aims to unite these two distinct lines of research in the context of natural language generation by building, from models for interpretation and generation, a cohesive whole that can assess its own generations. I present a novel method for interpreting one of the most difficult rhetoric devices in the figurative use of language: metaphors. The method does not rely on hand-annotated data and it is purely data-driven. It obtains the state of the art results and is comparable to the interpretations given by humans. We show how a metaphor interpretation model can be used in generating metaphors and metaphorical expressions. Furthermore, as a creative natural language generation task, we demonstrate assigning creative names to colours using an algorithmic approach that leverages a knowledge base of stereotypical associations for colours. Colour names produced by the approach were favoured by human judges to names given by humans 70% of the time. A genetic algorithm-based method is elaborated for slogan generation. The use of a genetic algorithm makes it possible to model the generation of text while optimising multiple fitness functions, as part of the evolutionary process, to assess the aesthetic quality of the output. Our evaluation indicates that having multiple balanced aesthetics outperforms a single maximised aesthetic. From an interplay of neural networks and the traditional AI approach of genetic algorithms, we present a symbiotic framework. This is called the master-apprentice framework. This makes it possible for the system to produce more diverse output as the neural network can learn from both the genetic algorithm and real people. The master-apprentice framework emphasises a strong theoretical foundation for the creative problem one seeks to solve. From this theoretical foundation, a reasoned evaluation method can be derived. This thesis presents two different evaluation practices based on two different theories on computational creativity. This research is conducted in two distinct practical tasks: pun generation in English and poetry generation in Finnish.
Marketing, Technological Problems and Personal Barriers of Micro Enterprises
Authors: Karki Bir Bahadur
Published: March 2021

Micro enterprise is a small scale enterprise which is established with the maximum capital of twenty hundreds thousands rupees except land & building and less than nine employees including the micro entrepreneur. Most of the micro enterprises are operating with a little fund, local resources and local skills. Main objective of the study is to identify marketing and technology related problems as well as personal barriers of micro enterprise in Baglung and Parbat districts. This study is based on mixed research design (quantitative and qualitative research). Data and information are collected through primary sources. Primary data are collected through structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, observations and field visits. Purposive and convenience sampling methods are used for selecting enterprises and entrepreneurs respectively. A few statistical tools such as percentage are used for data analysis. After the field visit of micro enterprises in Parbat and Baglung district and focus group discussion with micro enterprises, it is found that micro enterprises have been facing various types of problems. Micro enterprises have been facing various problems such as marketing related problems and technological related problems and personal barriers. Highly competitive markets, too far the market places, too small market size of the markets, machine and equipment not easily available, difficulty in identifying appropriate technologies, technologies to being changed very fast, lack of training/skills, lack of trust and cooperation, lack of experience and patience are the major problems faced by the enterprises.
Restructuring Spiritualism in New Life: Conversion to Christianity in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Upadhyay Prakash
Published: March 2021

Christianity entered Nepal more than three and half centuries ago but religious conversion is still a contentious issue. This paper explores the trend of conversion to Christianity in Pokhara, Nepal. The study method was qualitative and quantitative. Observation, interview schedule and case study guidelines were used to obtain data from 70 converts of AG Church, Fulbari, Pokhara. The study findings reveal that females and oppressed of all caste/ethnicities with low occupational status were more interested in conversion. With no single cause of conversion, process and consequence, there is a nexus between conversion and modernity, consequences and the elements of continuity. With healing and church charity as the key motivations behind conversion, people convert with different intentions to overcome health problems, discontent with present religion, for money, friends and family influences. Christian church activates charities/supports for conversion. Conversion as a choice is a product of modern individualism, and the converts perceived contentment and changes in post-convert life. The accusation that conversion to Christianity is for financial gains may be valid for those who come with expectations, but the majority converts economic status is not satisfactory. In the absence of a state sponsored health and social security system, prevailing socioeconomic inequalities and pseudo-scientific non-medics superstition of church, conversion may be a way to break predominant sociocultural hierarchy/barriers. Hence, it should not be very surprising that many more will adopt Christianity in future. Educational systems should be reformed to reflect each religion’s genuine teaching and ideology and hence generate awareness on proselytizing.
Perception of Social Health Insurance Program among Community People in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Sharma Sharada , Banjara Sobita
Published: March 2021

Perception of social health insurance program is the way in which it is understood or interpreted in terms of different factors; quality of care service delivery adequacy, benefits of program, convenience, price, providers attitude, peer pressure, Community beliefs and attitudes. The main aim of this study is to identify community people’s perception and the factors influencing the perception of people towards social health insurance program. Data from total of 105household registered in insurance program (insured) were collected. Descriptive cross sectional study design was used. The data were analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics through the computer program SPSS 16 version and presented in tables. Findings revealed that age group range from 20 to 77 years, 72.4 percent family size 5 or below 74.3 percent utilized the insurance services from the accredited health facility. Regarding the reason for enrollment, 83.8 percent said financial protection against illness, 50.8 percent gave the reason that they had to buy drugs outside facility as the main reason for not renewing the program in future. Price of program related response was top perceived factor with mean 3.97±0.70 whereas provider attitude was low perceived factor with mean 1.95± 0.58. The study concluded that the price of program related factors were the top perceived factors whereas provider attitude related factors were low perceived factors that may influence for the perception of community people towards social health insurance program.
Thiamethoxam no controle de Mahanarva fimbriolata, na produtividade e na qualidade tecnológica da cana-deaçúcar
Authors: Pereira Jaqueline Magalhães , Fernandes Paulo Marçal , Veloso Valquíria da Rocha Santos , da Silva Edgar Alves
Published: March 2021

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de thiamethoxam no controle de cigarrinha-das-raízes, Mahanarva fimbriolata, na qualidade tecnológica e produtividade na cultura da cana-de-açúcar. A pesquisa foi conduzida nas áreas experimentais da Usina Jalles Machado S.A., Goianésia, Goiás, Brasil. Foram instalados três experimentos, em áreas com colheita mecanizada, sem queima prévia: dois com a presença e um sem a presença de cigarrinha-das-raízes. Empregou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo cada parcela constituída de nove linhas de cana de dez metros. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: thiamethoxam nas doses: 0 g, 100 g, 150 g e 200 g de ingrediente ativo.ha-1. Na aplicação utilizou-se um pulverizador costal de pressão constante (CO2 ). As avaliações da população da cigarrinha foram realizadas aos 13, 31, 43, 59, 77, 94 e 127 dias após aplicação, através da contagem do número de ninfas presentes em uma linha da parcela. Determinou-se também a produtividade e as características tecnológicas. Todos os tratamentos com thiamethoxam reduziram a população da cigarrinha, independentemente da dose empregada, não diferindo entre si. O efeito de thiamethoxam foi observado no incremento significativo da produção agrícola de até 7,98 t.ha-1, conseqüentemente aumento no rendimento industrial. As características tecnológicas avaliadas não foram influenciadas pela aplicação de thiamethoxam.