bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Small Parallel Corpora to Develop Collocation-Centred Activities in Specialized Translation Classes
Authors: Postolea Sorina , Ghivirigă Teodora
Published: April 2017

The research devoted to special languages as well as the activities carried out in specialized translation classes tend to focus primarily on one-word or multi-word terminological units. However, a very important part in the making of specialist registers and texts is played by specialised collocations, i.e. relatively stable word combinations that do not designate concepts but are nevertheless of frequent use in a given field of activity. This is why helping students acquire competences relative to the identification and processing of collocations should become an important objective in specialised translation classes. An easily accessible and dependable resource that may be successfully used to this purpose is represented by corpora and corpus analysis tools, whose usefulness in translator training has been highlighted by numerous studies. This article proposes a series of practical, task-based activities-developed with the help of a small-size parallel corpus of specialised texts-that aim to raise the translation trainees′ awareness of the collocations present in specialised texts and to provide suggestions about their processing in translation.
Resting sites of opossums (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in Atlantic Forest fragments
Authors: Koeler Lira Paula , dos Santos Pires Alexandra , Santiago Alberto Carlos Henrique , de Lima Curzio Patrícia , dos Santos Fernandez Fernando Antonio
Published: April 2017

We report the type and pattern of use of resting sites used by 14 radio-tracked opossums. Philander frenatus rested in natural structures but also on spherical structures of dry leaves, probably built by them. Caluromys philander and Marmosa paraguayana rested at forest canopy preventing nest type identification. More than half of the resting site locations of each radio-tracked individual were in a single resting site. The repeated use of resting sites in the study area might be a strategy to stay close to resources and a protection against adverse weather conditions, predators and/or competitors.
The Application for a Prediction of the Coal Spontaneous Ignition – Predisam
Authors: Moni Vlastimil , Klouda Petr , Blata Jan , Helebrant František
Published: April 2017

The article follows the research of the project number TA01020351 called “The research of possibilities when predicting steam origin and consequent spontaneous ignition of brown coal fuels” which was researched with the support of the Technological Agency in the Czech Republic in 2011-2014 in the connection with a realized technical research. Therefore, it gives a summary information about the evaluation of the risk degree for the origin of spontaneous ignitions of the brown coal. The presented way of evaluation is based on a numeric expression of a value for MHU criteria - the point load of particular indicators is added together with other results gained from this research project. Then, more information is taken from companies running the dumps of brown coal products - both for suppliers (mining companies) and big consumers (power engineering). The complex knowledge about prediction of the origin of the spontaneous ignition enables to make an early response to eliminate a threat of mining fire in open pit mines or on the dumps of coal products. Consequently, it reduces the risk of fire and breakdowns of transportation means DPD, heavy machines and preparation plants. The working injuries are reduced as well - burns by coal in fire or inhalation of gas products from imperfect combustion.
Prediction of the Main Engine Power of a New Container Ship at the Preliminary Design Stage
Authors: Cepowski Tomasz
Published: April 2017

The paper presents mathematical relationships that allow us to forecast the estimated main engine power of new container ships, based on data concerning vessels built in 2005-2015. The presented approximations allow us to estimate the engine power based on the length between perpendiculars and the number of containers the ship will carry. The approximations were developed using simple linear regression and multivariate linear regression analysis. The presented relations have practical application for estimation of container ship engine power needed in preliminary parametric design of the ship. It follows from the above that the use of multiple linear regression to predict the main engine power of a container ship brings more accurate solutions than simple linear regression.
Rational Increasing of Energy Efficiency of Sacral Buildings
Authors: Repelewicz Aleksandra
Published: April 2017

The paper presents the possibilities of increasing energy efficiency of sacral buildings. Churches in the Zawiercie pastoral district of the Archdiocese of Czestochowa have been used as examples of typical sacral buildings of low energy efficiency. Such structures need to be thermally insulated during their use. Certain possibilities of raising the energy efficiency of churches have been presented. The paper describes different systems: increasing of wall and roof insulation, installation of new windows, and modern heating systems. Installation of a new heating system has been considered the most effective and the easiest to be implemented one.
Modeling of Surface Geometric Structure State After Integratedformed Milling and Finish Burnishing
Authors: Berczyński Stefan , Grochała Daniel , Grządziel Zenon
Published: April 2017

The article deals with computer-based modeling of burnishing a surface previously milled with a spherical cutter. This method of milling leaves traces, mainly asperities caused by the cutting crossfeed and cutter diameter. The burnishing process - surface plastic treatment - is accompanied by phenomena that take place right in the burnishing ball-milled surface contact zone. The authors present the method for preparing a finite element model and the methodology of tests for the assessment of height parameters of a surface geometrical structure (SGS). In the physical model the workpieces had a cuboidal shape and these dimensions: (width × height × length) 2×1×4.5 mm. As in the process of burnishing a cuboidal workpiece is affected by plastic deformations, the nonlinearities of the milled item were taken into account. The physical model of the process assumed that the burnishing ball would be rolled perpendicularly to milling cutter linear traces. The model tests included the application of three different burnishing forces: 250 N, 500 N and 1000 N. The process modeling featured the contact and pressing of a ball into the workpiece surface till the desired force was attained, then the burnishing ball was rolled along the surface section of 2 mm, and the burnishing force was gradually reduced till the ball left the contact zone. While rolling, the burnishing ball turned by a 23° angle. The cumulative diagrams depict plastic deformations of the modeled surfaces after milling and burnishing with defined force values. The roughness of idealized milled surface was calculated for the physical model under consideration, i.e. in an elementary section between profile peaks spaced at intervals of crossfeed passes, where the milling feed fwm = 0.5 mm. Also, asperities after burnishing were calculated for the same section. The differences of the obtained values fall below 20% of mean values recorded during empirical experiments. The adopted simplification in after-milling SGS modeling enables substantial acceleration of the computing process. There is a visible reduction of the Ra parameter value for milled and burnished surfaces as the burnishing force rises. The tests determined an optimal burnishing force at a level of 500 N (lowest Ra = 0.24 μm). Further increase in the value of burnishing force turned out not to affect the surface roughness, which is consistent with the results obtained from experimental studies.
Highly electrically conducting poly(L-lactic acid)/graphite composites prepared via in situ expansion and subsequent reduction of graphite
Authors: Xue Bai , Ji Lanxiang , Deng Jianguo , Zhang Junhua
Published: April 2017

In this paper, highly electrically conductive polymeric composites were obtained by low-temperature expandable graphite (LTEG) filling poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) in the presence of ascorbic acid via an in situ exfoliation and subsequent reduction process during the melt blending. The electrical conductivity of the PLLA/reduced and expanded graphite (R-EG) composites was determined by a four-point probe resistivity determiner and compared with that of the PLLA/expanded graphite (EG) composites. The percolation threshold of PLLA/R-EG blends decreased from 11.2 wt% to 7.1 wt%, which illustrated the superiority of R-EG to the electrically conducting ability of PLLA composites. At the graphite concentration near the percolation threshold, the electrical conductivity of PLLA/R-EG composites was much higher than that of PLLA/EG composites. The effective in situ expansion and reduction of LTEG were crucial to the overall electrical conductivity of the blends, which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Dynamic rheology analysis confirmed that the connected networks that were the major cause of the rapid increase in electrical conductivity were much more easily formed for PLLA/R-EG blends than those of PLLA/EG blends. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was applied to determine the decomposition and thermal stability of the PLLA/R-EG composites.
Zwischen Dissimulation und Disziplinierung
Authors: Badea Andreea
Published: April 2017

Riassunto

La storia della censura libraria continua a costituire più dell’analisi di processi di censura libraria e di singoli casi. Da sempre, essa si inserisce nel contesto della storia sociale, culturale e delle idee. In Italia, in particolare, viene spesso praticata in un’ottica di storia politica. La ricerca degli ultimi anni ha collegato in maniera crescente la storia della stampa e del controllo dei libri a concetti come quelli della libertas philosophandi o della libertà di coscienza. Ha apportato importanti risultati ai fini della comprensione del processo - lungo e socialmente complesso - che si snoda fra la raccolta e l’organizzazione del sapere fino alla formazione di un’opinione individuale. Un tale processo ha richiesto, da parte delle autorità, un passaggio da pratiche di disciplinamento a pratiche di controllo del pubblico.
Die Capitanata in byzantinischer Zeit
Authors: Falkenhausen Vera von
Published: April 2017

Riassunto

Nel periodo dalla fine del IX secolo fino alla conquista normanna nella seconda metà dell’XI la Puglia faceva parte dell’Impero bizantino. L’articolo analizza la presenza bizantina in Capitanata durante questo periodo, una presenza molto meno radicata ed evidente che nella Puglia centro-meridionale. Vengono esaminati i modi di datare i documenti nelle varie città (secondo gli anni di regno degli imperatori bizantini o dei principi lombardi), le strutture amministrative e difensive con i funzionari e i militari effettivamente in servizio sul territorio, nonché l’influenza bizantina sulle istituzioni ecclesiastiche.
Giorgio del Giglio Pannilini und die Seeschlacht von Lepanto. Rekonversionen, Selbstzeugnisse und Mehrfachzugehörigkeiten im 16. Jahrhundert
Authors: Hanß Stefan
Published: April 2017

Riassunto

Nel contributo si esamina l’autorappresentazione di un convertito, vissuto nel XVI secolo, il quale per diverse volte pass. dalla religione cattolica a quella musulmana e viceversa. Nei suoi scritti Giorgio del Giglio Pannilini affrontava le sue diverse appartenenze in maniera innovativa. Dopo un’analisi approfondita della sua autobiografia e del modo in cui raccont. la battaglia di Lepanto, si studiano le lettere che sped. a Firenze, Genova, in Savoia e nell’Impero ottomano. Dall’insieme di queste fonti straordinarie - e in parte sconosciute - emerge che Giorgio nella narrazione della sua vita si indirizzava a due categorie di pubblico. Rivolgendosi sia a musulmani che a cattolici, Giorgio ricorreva sempre in modo consapevole a un linguaggio ornamentale e a simboli estetici di natura interculturale per autocollocarsi strategicamente all’interno di uno spazio mediterraneo plurireligioso. Pertanto l’assoggettamento di Giorgio non fu solo una vicenda di costrizione e soggiogamento, ma apr. al contempo vie nuove e creative di autorappresentazione. In questa maniera Giorgio reclamava per sè il dominio interpretativo sulla sua vita, tracciando al contempo le forme in cui ci si poteva comportare da ex musulmano nella Roma cattolica.
Poetisch erschlossene Geschichte. Ferdinand Gregorovius’ „Wanderjahre in Italien“ und seine Dichtung über den Garten von Ninfa
Authors: Miller Norbert
Published: April 2017

Riassunto

„Non senza meriti“: così qualificò Theodor Mommsen la principale opera storica di Ferdinand Gregorovius, la „Storia della città di Roma nel medioevo“, aggiungendo però criticamente: „Ma egli ha troppa fantasia“. Le presenti riflessioni indagano proprio questo rapporto dichiarato dello storico Gregorovius con la fantasia, con l’intima affinità tra storia e poesia. Esse tematizzano il ruolo particolare, forse anche di outsider, di un autore che era costretto a scrivere le sue opere da studioso privato, finanziandole in gran parte con i suoi lavori giornalistici. Sulla base di come Gregorovius ha vissuto l’esperienza del giardino incantato di Ninfa, il quale lo attraeva come lirico e come esploratore del paesaggio storico, si esamina in alcuni esempi la genesi della forma narrativa da lui sviluppata e la si discute come sfida nei confronti dello storicismo.
A proposito della storiografia sugli ebrei di Venezia nel cinquecentenario della fondazione del Ghetto
Authors: Voghera Gadi Luzzatto
Published: April 2017

Der Beitrag bemüht sich um eine Rekonstruktion der historiographischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem venezianischen Ghetto und, allgemeiner, dem Verhältnis zwischen der Lagunenstadt und den Juden, die sie besuchten bzw. in ihr lebten. Es handelt sich dabei um einen historischen Streifzug, der auch auf die Entwicklungsprozesse eingeht, die im Verlauf des 20. und zu Beginn des 21. Jh. ein stetiges Anwachsen des Interesses für die Geschichte der Juden in Venedig auslösten.
DIE KARRIERE LEON BATTISTA ALBERTIS IN DER PÄPSTLICHEN KANZLEI
Authors: Schwarz Brigide
Published: April 2017

RIASSUNTO

Che Leon Battista Alberti adempisse nella cancelleria papale ai compiti di abbreviatore e scriptor, si sa da molti anni, e dal 2008 pure che nel 1449 divenne lettore per l’Audientia litterarum contradictarum. Nel presentecontributo si precisano meglio l’arco temporale dei suoi uffici, inquadrando in questa sua carriera anche la funzione, altrettanto nota, di segretario del capo cancelliere. Riguardo ai singoli uffici, se ne analizzano da una parte le mansioni, le procedure e l’organizzazione, e dall’altra parte l’ordinamento corporativo e confraternale dei funzionari. Vengono evidenziate le possibilità di cui disponeva Alberti per cercare e curare contatti e ottenere da insider delle informazioni in anticipo, traendone vantaggio per l’allargamento e la gestione della sua personale rete di contatto. Si esaminano i fattori che determinarono la carriera di Alberti nella cancelleria, lunga 41 anni, e si valuta il successo ottenuto in confronto con le carriere dei suoi colleghi.
Chemical synthesis and densification of a novel Ag/Cr2O3-AgCrO2 nanocomposite powder
Authors: Ardestani Mohammad , Karpasand Farshid
Published: April 2017

Ag/Cr2O3-AgCrO2 nanocomposite powders were chemically synthesized using a chemical precipitation method. The synthesis method stages included precipitation and calcination. The initial precipitates contained Cr(OH)3·3H2O and Ag2CO3 compounds. Calcination of the initial precipitates led to thermal decomposition of the precipitates and evaporation of volatile compounds such as H2O and CO2. The calcined precipitates contained silver, chromium oxide, and silver-chromia. The crystallite size of Ag2CO3 and Ag were determined as 18.9 and 45 nm, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy investigations showed that the particle size of the initial precipitates was lower than 100 nm. The calcined powders were sintered at 550°C in air atmosphere. The sintered samples were cold-repressed under 300 and 550 MPa. It was found that by increasing the repressing compaction magnitudes, the density and hardness of the sintered samples were increased. The scanning electron microscopy evaluation of the densified samples showed nearly dense microstructure.
Perspectives in Legal English in-Service Education: Needs Analysis in Lithuanian Context
Authors: Bartnikaitė Edita , Bijeikienė Vilma
Published: April 2017

Legal English, being among the most complex and multifaceted areas of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), has duly received considerable attention on the part of linguists, discourse and learner needs′ analysts, sociolinguists and ESP researchers (Cheng and Cheng, 2014; Hafner, 2013; Hartig and Lu, 2014; Huhta et al, 2013; Shuy 2001). Most research has been carried out to investigate lexical, syntactic, grammatical and other communicative competences of law students in various cycles of higher education. An area that is still highly in need of examination is the development of communicative competences of Legal English among law practitioners who might have had a course of Legal English in their law studies and face with an urge of revision or might have not been introduced to Legal English whatsoever. In light of these observations, the present study examines the needs and problems regarding the use of general and legal English faced by 34 law practitioners, namely lawyers and judges working at two law companies and a district court in Kaunas, Lithuania. The study assumes qualitative methodology including a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire. The results have revealed that communicative competence of legal practitioners gained during their formal education does not meet the demands of their legal practice. While skills of general English appear not to cause many problems, skills of legal English are not developed to an adequate level. Therefore, as the study shows, it is absolutely inevitable to develop and offer in-service education of Legal English carefully attuned to the diverse levels of competences and needs of legal practitioners.
Students′ Perception of Organization Culture at a Faculty of Science and Technology
Authors: Maria Ujhelyi , Istvan Kun Andras , Julia Hanesz
Published: April 2017

The current study uses an adapted version of Cameron and Quinn’s OCAI questionnaire to test the organisational culture of the Faculty of Science and Technology at the University of Debrecen, Hungary, as it is perceived by its students, and also to discover what type of organisational culture the same students think would be ideal for them. An additional objective of this paper is to identify possible gaps between the perceived and the ideal cultures expressed by the students. Our sample includes 128 questionnaires completed by bachelor students from 6 different majors at the faculty. According to our results, the respondents perceive to a significant degree that the faculty’s organisational culture is at an average level of clan, market and hierarchy cultures, while it also exhibits a relatively low level of the adhocracy culture. Their ideal faculty culture would be one with average adhocracy, average hierarchy, high clan and low market features. Significant gaps are identified between the perceived and ideal cultures in all the four types: students would prefer an increase in clan and adhocracy cultures, and a decrease in the other two cultures.
Ein intuitives kamerabasiertes System zur Assistenz sehbehinderter Menschen
Authors: Schwarze Tobias , Lauer Martin , Schwaab Manuel , Romanovas Michailas , Böhm Sandra , Jürgensohn Thomas
Published: April 2017

Viele blinde und sehbehinderte Menschen sind stark beeinträchtigt in ihrer individuellen Mobilität. Die technischen
Fortschritte im Bereich der Umfelderfassung intelligenter Systeme könnten hier einen substantiellen Beitrag
leisten. In dieser Arbeit stellen wir ein tragbares Assistenzsystem für blinde Menschen vor, das die Umgebung mit einer
binokularen Kamera erfasst und durch intuitives akustisches Feedback an den Benutzer übermittelt. Wir beschreiben die
Algorithmen zum Szenenverstehen und zur Bestimmung der Eigenbewegung und gehen auf die Sonifikation der interpretierten
Umgebung ein. In einer experimentellen Studie zeigen wir, wie die intelligente Umgebungswahrnehmung zur Sicherheit und
Mobilität von Blinden beitragen kann.
The monoclinic superstructure of the M
2Pt6Al15 series (M=Ca, Sc, Y, La, Lu)
Authors: Radzieowski Mathis , Stegemann Frank , Hoffmann Rolf-Dieter , Janka Oliver
Published: April 2017

The five ternary intermetallic compounds M
2Pt6Al15 (M=Ca, Sc, Y, La, Lu) were prepared from the elements by arc-melting. The crystal structure was determined via single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compounds crystallize in a superstructure of the RE
0.67Pt2Al5 type structure (P63/mmc) in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P121/m1 (Sc2Pt6Al15: a=734.19(2), b=1628.96(10), c=734.19(2) pm, β=119.999(3)°; wR=0.0356, 3034 F
2 values, 68 variables). The superstructure can be derived by the superspace formalism using (3+2)D or (3+1)D interpretations of the diffraction data. The structural relation to the subcell structure is discussed on the basis of a group-subgroup scheme. In the crystal structure strongly bonded [Pt2Al4]
δ− slabs are alternatingly stacked with ordered layers containing M atoms and Al3 triangles.
Russell and Indian Independence
Authors: Bone Andrew G.
Published: April 2017

At the height of the Sino-Indian border dispute in 1962, Bertrand Russell, as “a lifetime friend of India” (Unarmed Victory, p. 88), appealed to Prime Minister Nehru for peace. Yet for the first 75 years of Russell’s life, India had not been an independent, developing state whose non-aligned diplomacy he could (usually) admire, but rather an economically and stra­tegically vital part of the British Empire. Thus Russell’s fraternal bond with India was formed during its protracted struggle against British rule. The central purpose of this article is to reconstruct Russell’s occasionally contorted connection with that historic contest, and it will do so by drawing on a wealth of neglected textual material. More than simply fleshing out a significant but overlooked chapter in Russell’s political life, this assessment of his decades-long association, as participant and observer, with the campaign for Indian independence also strives to capture the complex essence of his thinking on questions of empire generally.
Mapping the Understanding Complex in Russell's Theory of Knowledge
Authors: Perovic Katarina
Published: April 2017

Anyone familiar with Russell’s work on the multiple-relation theory of judgment will at some point have puzzled over the map of the five-term understanding complex at the end of Chapter 1, Part II of his Theory of Knowledge (1913). Russell presents the map with the intention of clarifying what goes on when a subject S understands the “proposition” that A and B are similar. But the map raises more questions than it answers. In this paper I present and develop some of the central issues that arise from Russell’s map, and I offer an interpretation of it that reflects his evolving views in the manuscript. I argue that multiple lines in the map are not meant to represent many relations, but rather one comprehensive multiple relation of understanding. And I argue that such a relation relates in a complex way due to the distinctive nature of its relata.
Fatigue and Fracture Test Planning, Test Data Acquisitions and Analysis
Authors: Wei Zhigang , Nikbin Kamran , McKeighan Peter C. , Harlow D. Gary
Published: April 2017

Description

Get 20 peer-reviewed papers that will help you not only understand but also prevent fatigue and fracture. Access this new and diverse information regarding test planning, data acquisition and analysis, arranged into the following four sections

As materials are increasingly being stretched to their limits by extreme conditions of temperature, stress, corrosive environments, and longer service life cycles, there is a rising demand to improve testing. Critical to several industries, this research aims to accelerate the revision of the existing standards and the development of new standards.

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Contribution to the Evaluation of Stress Strain and Strain Life Curves
Authors: Wächter Michael , Esderts Alfons
Published: April 2017

This paper presents an overview of different methods of performing a regression on the results of strain controlled tests to obtain the cyclic properties that are used to describe the strain life and stress-strain curves. For the strain-life curve, the approach of Coffin and Manson is used, whereas the cyclic stress strain curve is described using the approach of Ramberg and Osgood. Three different regression approaches are explained: a simple linear regression and a Deming regression, which are applied separately to the elastic part of the strain amplitude and the number of cycles and to the plastic part of the strain amplitude and the number of cycles, as well as a spatial regression applied to the stress amplitude, plastic strain amplitude, and number of cycles. Because the populations of the parameters that are to be approximated by the regression are usually unknown, Monte Carlo simulations are performed to simulate artificial strain-controlled tests as a basis for judging the accuracy of the approximation of the mean curves and the scatter around these curves. It is shown that all three regressions are almost equally accurate. By using the simulation results, factors for shifting the estimated properties to a confidence level of 10 % or 90 % are derived.
Experimental Study on Surrogate Nuclear Fuel Rods Under Reversed Cyclic Bending
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Jy-An John
Published: April 2017

The mechanical behavior of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) rods under reversed cyclic bending or bending fatigue must be understood to evaluate their vibration integrity in a transportation environment. This is especially important for high-burnup fuels (>45 GWd/MTU), which have the potential for increased structural damage. It has been demonstrated that the bending fatigue of SNF rods can be effectively studied using surrogate rods. In this investigation, surrogate rods made of stainless steel 304 cladding and aluminum oxide pellets were tested under load or moment control at a variety of amplitude levels at 5 Hz using the Cyclic Integrated Reversible-Bending Fatigue Tester developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The behavior of the rods was further characterized using flexural rigidity and hysteresis data, and fractography was performed on the failed rods. The proposed surrogate rods captured many of the characteristics of deformation and failure mode observed in SNF, including the linear to nonlinear deformation transition and large residual curvature in static tests, pellet pellet interface and pellet cladding mechanical interaction, failure mechanisms, and large variations in the initial structural condition. Rod degradation was measured and characterized by measuring the flexural rigidity; the degradation of the rigidity depended on both the moment amplitude applied and the initial structural condition of the rods. It was also shown that a cracking initiation site can be located on the internal surface or the external surface of cladding. Finally, fatigue damage to the bending rods can be described in terms of flexural rigidity, and the fatigue life of rods can be predicted once damage model parameters are properly evaluated. The developed experimental approach, test protocol, and analysis method can be used to study the vibration integrity of SNF rods in the future.
Calorimetric Studies and Self-Heating Measurements for a Dual-Phase Steel Under Ultrasonic Fatigue Loading
Authors: Torabian Noushin , Favier Véronique , Ziaei-Rad Saeed , Dirrenberger Justin , Adamski Frédéric , Ranc Nicolas
Published: April 2017

The objective of the present research is to study the self-heating behavior of a dual-phase (DP) steel under ultrasonic fatigue loading and to investigate the effect of frequency on intrinsic heat dissipation of the material. The steel studied in this work is DP600 commercial DP steel. Fatigue tests were conducted using an ultrasonic fatigue machine at a testing frequency of 20 kHz with flat specimens. An infrared camera was used to measure the mean temperature evolution during the tests. A specific form of heat diffusion equation was adopted in this work to calculate the heat dissipation per cycle from temperature measurements. The variation of this dissipation versus stress amplitude in cyclic loading was also studied.
Load Spectrum Test and Fatigue Failure Study of High-Speed Train Carbody Anti-Yawing Seat
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Bai Jinyi , Li Sichun , Zhao Hongwei , Sun Weiguang
Published: April 2017

The anti-yawing damper installed between the carbody and bogie is an important component to improve the hunting motion stability of a railway vehicle. With the increase of service mileage, fatigue cracks occur in the weld joint between the carbody anti-yawing seat and underframe side beam, which seriously threatens the vehicle safety. A finite element simulation, bench test, and on-track test were carried out to analyze the dynamic stress and load of an anti-yawing seat. These studies showed that the longitudinal load induced by the anti-yawing damper is the primary load acted on the seat, which is higher than the design load and causes the weld joint failure.
A second Wpl1 anti‐cohesion pathway requires dephosphorylation of fission yeast kleisin Rad21 by PP4
Authors: Birot Adrien , Eguienta Karen , Vazquez Stéphanie , Claverol Stéphane , Bonneu Marc , Ekwall Karl , Javerzat Jean‐Paul , Vaur Sabine
Published: April 2017

Cohesin mediates sister chromatid cohesion which is essential for chromosome segregation and repair. Sister chromatid cohesion requires an acetyl‐transferase (Eso1 in fission yeast) counteracting Wpl1, promoting cohesin release from DNA. We report here that Wpl1 anti‐cohesion function includes an additional mechanism. A genetic screen uncovered that Protein Phosphatase 4 (PP4) mutants allowed cell survival in the complete absence of Eso1. PP4 co‐immunoprecipitated Wpl1 and cohesin and Wpl1 triggered Rad21 de‐phosphorylation in a PP4‐dependent manner. Relevant residues were identified and mapped within the central domain of Rad21. Phospho‐mimicking alleles dampened Wpl1 anti‐cohesion activity, while alanine mutants were neutral indicating that Rad21 phosphorylation would shelter cohesin from Wpl1 unless erased by PP4. Experiments in post‐replicative cells lacking Eso1 revealed two cohesin populations. Type 1 was released from DNA by Wpl1 in a PP4‐independent manner. Type 2 cohesin, however, remained DNA‐bound and lost its cohesiveness in a manner depending on Wpl1‐ and PP4‐mediated Rad21 de‐phosphorylation. These results reveal that Wpl1 antagonizes sister chromatid cohesion by a novel pathway regulated by the phosphorylation status of the cohesin kleisin subunit.
Obesity and menopause modify the epigenomic profile of breast cancer
Authors: Crujeiras Ana B , Diaz-Lagares Angel , Stefansson Olafur A , Macias-Gonzalez Manuel , Sandoval Juan , Cueva Juan , Lopez-Lopez Rafael , Moran Sebastian , Jonasson Jon G , Tryggvadottir Laufey , Olafsdottir Elinborg , Tinahones Francisco J , Carreira Marcos C , Casanueva Felipe F , Esteller Manel
Published: April 2017

Obesity is a high risk factor for breast cancer. This relationship could be marked by a specific methylome. The current work was aimed to explore the impact of obesity and menopausal status on variation in breast cancer methylomes. Data from Infinium 450K array-based methylomes of 64 breast tumors were coupled with information on BMI and menopausal status. Additionally, DNA methylation results were validated in 18 non-tumor and 81 tumor breast samples. Breast tumors arising in either pre- or postmenopausal women stratified by BMI or menopausal status alone were not associated with a specific DNA methylation pattern. Intriguingly, the DNA methylation pattern identified in association with the high-risk group (postmenopausal women with high BMI (>25) and premenopausal women with normal or low BMI < 25) exclusively characterized by hypermethylation of 1287 CpG sites as compared with the low-risk group. These CpG sites included the promoter region of fourteen protein-coding genes of which CpG methylation over the ZNF577 promoter region represents the top scoring associated event. In an independent cohort, the ZNF577 promoter methylation remained statistically significant in association with the high-risk group. Additionally, the impact of ZNF577 promoter methylation on mRNA expression levels was demonstrated in breast cancer cell lines after treatment with a demethylating agent (5-azacytidine). In conclusion, the epigenome of breast tumors is affected by a complex interaction between BMI and menopausal status. The ZNF577 methylation quantification is clearly relevant for the development of novel biomarkers of precision therapy in breast cancer.
The immunoproteasome is induced by cytokines and regulates apoptosis in human islets
Authors: Lundh Morten , Bugliani Marco , Dahlby Tina , Chou Danny Hung-Chieh , Wagner Bridget , Ghiasi Seyed Mojtaba , De Tata Vincenzo , Chen Zhifei , Lund Marianne Nissan , Davies Michael J , Marchetti Piero , Mandrup-Poulsen Thomas
Published: April 2017

In addition to degrading misfolded and damaged proteins, the proteasome regulates the fate of cells in response to stress. The role of the proteasome in pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced human beta-cell apoptosis is unknown. Using INS-1, INS-1E and human islets exposed to combinations of IFNγ, IL-1β and TNFα with or without addition of small molecules, we assessed the role of the immunoproteasome in pancreatic beta-cell demise. Here, we show that cytokines induce the expression and activity of the immuno-proteasome in INS-1E cells and human islets. Cytokine-induced expression of immuno-proteasome subunits, but not activity, depended upon histone deacetylase 3 activation. Inhibition of JAK1/STAT1 signaling did not affect proteasomal activity. Inhibition of the immuno-proteasome subunit PSMB8 aggravated cytokine-induced human beta-cell apoptosis while reducing intracellular levels of oxidized proteins in INS-1 cells. While cytokines increased total cellular NFκB subunit P50 and P52 levels and reduced the cytosolic NFκB subunit P65 and IκB levels, these effects were unaffected by PSMB8 inhibition. We conclude that beta cells upregulate immuno-proteasome expression and activity in response to IFNγ, likely as a protective response to confine inflammatory signaling.
A Family-Centered Rounds Checklist, Family Engagement, and Patient Safety: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Cox Elizabeth D. , Jacobsohn Gwen C. , Rajamanickam Victoria P. , Carayon Pascale , Kelly Michelle M. , Wetterneck Tosha B. , Rathouz Paul J. , Brown Roger L.
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Family-centered rounds (FCRs) have become standard of care, despite the limited evaluation of FCRs’ benefits or interventions to support high-quality FCR delivery. This work examines the impact of the FCR checklist intervention, a checklist and associated provider training, on performance of FCR elements, family engagement, and patient safety.

METHODS:

This cluster randomized trial involved 298 families. Two hospital services were randomized to use the checklist; 2 others delivered usual care. We evaluated the performance of 8 FCR checklist elements and family engagement from 673 pre- and postintervention FCR videos and assessed the safety climate with the Children’s Hospital Safety Climate Questionnaire. Random effects regression models were used to assess intervention impact.

RESULTS:

The intervention significantly increased the number of FCR checklist elements performed (β = 1.2, P < .001). Intervention rounds were significantly more likely to include asking the family (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43, P < .05) or health care team (OR = 4.28, P = .002) for questions and reading back orders (OR = 12.43, P < .001). Intervention families’ engagement and reports of safety climate were no different from usual care. However, performance of specific checklist elements was associated with changes in these outcomes. For example, order read-back was associated with significantly more family engagement. Asking families for questions was associated with significantly better ratings of staff’s communication openness and safety of handoffs and transitions.

CONCLUSIONS:

The performance of FCR checklist elements was enhanced by checklist implementation and associated with changes in family engagement and more positive perceptions of safety climate. Implementing the checklist improves delivery of FCRs, impacting quality and safety of care.
Development of a system dynamics model based on Six Sigma methodology
Authors: Cardiel Ortega José Jovani , Baeza Serrato Roberto , Lizárraga Morales Rocío Alfonsina
Published: April 2017

A dynamic model to analyze the complexity associated with the manufacturing systems and to improve the performance of the process through the Six Sigma philosophy is proposed. The research focuses on the implementation of the system dynamics tool to comply with each of the phases of the DMAIC methodology. In the first phase, define, the problem is articulated, collecting data, selecting the variables, and representing them in a mental map that helps build the dynamic hypothesis. In the second phase, measure, model is formulated, equations are developed, and Forrester diagram is developed to carry out the simulation. In the third phase, analyze, the simulation results are studied. For the fourth phase, improving, the model is validated through a sensitivity analysis. Finally, in control phase, operation policies are proposed. This paper presents the development of a dynamic model of the system of knitted textile production knitted developed; the implementation was done in a textile company in southern Guanajuato. The results show an improvement in the process performance by increasing the level of sigma allowing the validation of the proposed approach.
Some intertidal and shallow water polychaetes of the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica
Authors: Dean Harlan K
Published: April 2017

The polychaete fauna of the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica has been inadequately characterized with only nine species previously reported. Collections of polychaetes from intertidal coralline rocks and several shallow sub-tidal sites on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica have been examined and 68 species were identified. Of these, 66 are new records for Costa Rica.
Galápagos macroalgae: A review of the state of ecological knowledge
Authors: Tompkins Paul , Wolff Matthias
Published: April 2017

Previous work has highlighted the critical role of macroalgal productivity and dynamics in supporting and structuring marine food webs. Spatio-temporal variability in macroalgae can alter coastal ecosystems, a relationship particularly visible along upwelling-influenced coastlines. As a result of its equatorial location and nutrient rich, upwelling-influenced waters, the Galápagos Archipelago in the East Pacific, hosts a productive and biodiverse marine ecosystem. Reports and collections of macroalgae date back to the Beagle voyage, and since then, more than three hundred species have been reported. However, their ecology and functional role in the ecosystem is not well understood. According to various disparate and in part anecdotal sources of information, abundant and diverse communities exist in the Western regions of the archipelago, the North is essentially barren, and in the central/South abundance and distribution is variable and less well defined. Both oceanographic conditions and herbivore influence have been theorized to cause this pattern. Extensive changes in macroalgal productivity and community composition have occurred during strong ENSO events, and subsequent declines in marine iguana (an endemic and iconic grazer) populations have been linked to these changes. Iguanas are only one species of a diverse and abundant group of marine grazers in the system, highlighting the potentially important role of macroalgal productivity in the marine food web. This review represents a first compilation and discussion of the available literature and presents topics for future research.
Ecología de la anidación de Crocodylus acutus (Reptilia: Crocodylidae) en Bahía Portete, La Guajira, Colombia
Authors: Gómez González John Jairo , Narváez-Barandica Juan Carlos , Báez Lina , Patiño-Flórez Edgar
Published: April 2017

C. acutus is cataloged in critical danger in Colombia. We studied its population at Bahia Portete, in order to survey the nesting activities and to obtain valuable information for a conservation management program. This study was undertaken with the participation of the Wayuü community using the Agreement Conservation Model, and took place during July 2007, August 2008, June and August 2009, and March to August 2010 and 2011. Sampling surveys were made by the use of transects along the coast, in order to find nests. For each nesting area found, we recorded the nests biometrics, eggs and hatchlings, fertility of the eggs and reproductive events. We explored a total of 55.12 km, and determined four nesting areas. Colonial nesting and the environmental variables were factors that affected the hatchling success. From the total of nests found, 37 % were oriented towards North, and 48 % were built next to Stenocereus griseus. Juyi island substrate was mostly constituted by sand (71.9 %, 71.44 %). The average number of eggs by nest was 28.42 ± 6.63, the largest egg diameter was 71.84 ± 3.54 mm, the average nest weight was 81.54 ± 9.99 g, and the hatchlings presented an average length of 25.47 ± 1.16 cm. For this specific site in Colombia, the reproductive period begins in March and ends in August. The few areas of nesting and the 95 % fertility suggest the performance of a conservation management program for this species at Bahía Portete.
Distribución y abundancia del pez león Pterois volitans (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) y especies nativas asociadas en el Parque Marino Cayos de San Felipe, Cuba
Authors: De la Guardia Elena , Cobián Rojas Dorka , Espinosa Leonardo , Hernández Zaimiuri , García Lázaro , Arias González Jesús Ernesto
Published: April 2017

The first lionfish sighting at the National Park "Cayos de San Felipe" was in 2009 and could be a threat to its marine ecosystem diversity and their capacity to generate services. To analyze the incidence of the lionfish invasion in the area, an annual sampling was conducted between 2013 and 2015. Lionfish abundance and size was investigated on mangroves through visual census on ten transects of 30x2 m/station, and on coral reefs (15 and 25 m deep) with stereo video on six transects of 50x2 m/station. Additionally, incidence of potential native competitors and predators on coral reefs were also estimated. Over the three years, the average density of lionfish varied between 0.0-1.3 indiv./100 m2 per sample stations and it was not significantly different among habitats (mangroves with 0.6 indiv./100 m2, reefs at 15 m - 0.4 indiv./100 m2 and reef at 25 m with 0.3 indiv./100 m2). Lionfish’s density was equal to or lower than competitors’ density, and was equal to or higher than predator’s density in both depths. While lionfish density on mangroves and on reefs at 25 m remained temporally stable, it decreased on reefs at 15 m. Temporary increase in the competitor’s density was observed and the predator´s density did not change during the monitored time. Lionfish size varied between 5 and 39 cm; the average fish size from mangroves (12.6 cm) was consistently lower than from reefs (25.2 cm) and showed no variations among years. Lionfish size in reefs was higher than competitor’s size and lower than that of predator. Results showed that in the park: 1) mangroves represent lionfish nursery areas; 2) incidence of reef lionfish was not as high as in other areas of Cuba and the Caribbean; and 3) lionfish abundance in reefs tended to decrease over the years, without the intervention of extractive activities or high abundance of large size native groupers. In this sense, recommendations are made to continue monitoring and to investigate lionfish effects and factors that are regulating its incidence in the park.
Morfología funcional del fitoplancton en un lago de alta montaña tropical: Lago de Tota (Boyacá-Colombia)
Authors: Muñoz López Claudia Liliana , Aranguren Riaño Nelson Javier , Duque Escobar Santiago Roberto
Published: April 2017

Functional morphology corresponds to adaptive responses to changes in the environment. In phytoplankton, traits such as the development of mucilage, oil vesicles, filaments and variation in the surface/volume ratio, allow algae to deal with sedimentation, optimizing light and nutrient uptake. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between traits and variation in physical and chemical conditions in Tota Lake (Boyacá, Colombia). For this, ten samplings were undertaken in a monthly basis between October 2013 and July 2014. We measured water pH, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, alkalinity and total hardness; we also quantified Total Kjeldahl nitrogen and Total phosphorus. Algae were collected at different depths according to Secchi transparency. Taxonomic composition and abundance were estimated by the chamber sedimentation method. Morphological traits were measured for each taxa according to geometric models, allowing traits classification into morphologically based functional groups (MBFG) and having algae biomass expressed as biovolume. The variables were evaluated through Principal Components Analysis, which included time-space effect and it was interpreted according to variation in water level. Through Canonical Correspondence Analysis we established the relationship between phytoplankton biovolume accumulated in form categories and environmental variables. The ordination showed that limnological conditions are influenced by seasonal changes, which are mainly represented by oxygen saturation percentage, Secchi transparency, TKN, hardness and alkalinity. Four MBFG were found: IV, V, VI and VII, being MBFG IV and VII the most representatives. ACC was significant (Monte-Carlo Test, p<0.05). In conclusion, the morphological and functional response of phytoplankton in Tota Lake is driven by short-term variability in transparency, phosphorus, nitrogen, hardness, and electrical conductivity, which are all affected by seasonal changes in the lake level.