bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Consumption of Probiotic Yogurt Containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on the Levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli in Saliva of Students with Initial Stages of Dental Caries: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zare Javid Ahmad , Amerian Essam , Basir Leila , Ekrami Alireza , Haghighizadeh Mohammad Hosein , Maghsoumi-Norouzabad Leila
Published: December 2019

Dental caries, caused by oral microbiota, is one of the most common human diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of consumption of probiotic yogurt containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in students with initial stages of dental caries. In this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, 66 students (18–30 years) with initial stages of dental caries were selected and randomly assigned into 2 groups: the intervention group received 300 g/day of probiotic yogurt and the control group received 300 g/day of conventional yogurt for 2 weeks. An unstimulated fasting saliva sample was collected pre- and post-intervention. Bacterial counting was performed for salivary S. mutans and lactobacilli. A significant reduction in salivary S. mutans and lactobacillus counts was observed in the intervention group compared to their baseline and compared to the control group. In conclusion, it is suggested that the consumption of probiotic yogurt containing B. lactis Bb12 may modify the oral biofilm.
Evaluation of the racial difference in body condition score and parameters of lipid metabolism in Purebred Arabian horses and Thoroughbred horses trained for racing
Authors: Siqueira Renata Farinelli , Silva Bianca Ozi , Fernandes Mônica Lente , Fernandes Wilson Roberto
Published: December 2019

This study investigated the existence of difference of fat deposition and lipid metabolism in horses with different races and skills that were used for the same kind of sport. 20 Purebred Arabian and 20 Thoroughbred horses trained for flat race were evaluated. The analyses performed were body condition score, weight and blood collected for determination of triglycerides, total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids. Ultrasonography of the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer was performed on the Longissimus dorsi muscle between the 17th and 18th rib, the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer on the Gluteus medius muscle using the acetabulum as reference, and the cross section of the same muscle. Race-trained Arabian horses showed greater fat layer deposition in the Gluteus medius and Longissimus dorsei musclesthan Thoroughbred horses. These facts indicate that there is a metabolic difference, besides the phenotype, between the races. They also indicate the need to study specific physical conditioning programs for each kind of race.
Depressive Symptoms After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Roth David L. , Haley William E. , Sheehan Orla C. , Liu Chelsea , Clay Olivio J. , Rhodes J. David , Judd Suzanne E. , Dhamoon Mandip
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose—

Persistent depression after ischemic stroke is common in stroke survivors and may be even higher in family caregivers, but few studies have examined depressive symptom levels and their predictors in patient and caregiver groups simultaneously.

Methods—

Stroke survivors and their family caregivers (205 dyads) were enrolled from the national REGARDS study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) into the CARES study (Caring for Adults Recovering from the Effects of Stroke) ≈9 months after a first-time ischemic stroke. Demographically matched stroke-free dyads (N=205) were also enrolled. Participants were interviewed by telephone, and depressive symptoms were assessed with the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale.

Results—

Significant elevations in depressive symptoms (
Ps
<0.03) were observed for stroke survivors (M=8.38) and for their family caregivers (M=6.42) relative to their matched controls (Ms=5.18 and 4.62, respectively). Stroke survivors reported more symptoms of depression than their caregivers (
P
=0.008). No race or sex differences were found, but differential prediction of depressive symptom levels was found across patients and caregivers. Younger age and having an older caregiver were associated with more depressive symptoms in stroke survivors while being a spouse caregiver and reporting fewer positive aspects of caregiving were associated with more depressive symptoms in caregivers. The percentage of caregivers at risk for clinically significant depression was lower in this population-based sample (12%) than in previous studies of caregivers from convenience or clinical samples.

Conclusions—

High depressive symptom levels are common 9 months after first-time ischemic strokes for stroke survivors and family caregivers, but rates of depressive symptoms at risk for clinical depression were lower for caregivers than previously reported. Predictors of depression differ for patients and caregivers, and standards of care should incorporate family caregiving factors.
Complexity Matching: Brain Signals Mirror Environment Information Patterns during Music Listening and Reward
Authors: Carpentier Sarah M. , McCulloch Andrea R. , Brown Tanya M. , Faber Sarah E. M. , Ritter Petra , Wang Zheng , Salimpoor Valorie , Shen Kelly , McIntosh Anthony R.
Published: December 2019

Understanding how the human brain integrates information from the environment with intrinsic brain signals to produce individual perspectives is an essential element of understanding the human mind. Brain signal complexity, measured with multiscale entropy, has been employed as a measure of information processing in the brain, and we propose that it can also be used to measure the information available from a stimulus. We can directly assess the correspondence between brain signal complexity and stimulus complexity as an indication of how well the brain reflects the content of the environment in an analysis that we term “complexity matching.” Music is an ideal stimulus because it is a multidimensional signal with a rich temporal evolution and because of its emotion- and reward-inducing potential. When participants focused on acoustic features of music, we found that EEG complexity was lower and more closely resembled the musical complexity compared to an emotional task that asked them to monitor how the music made them feel. Music-derived reward scores on the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire correlated with less complexity matching but higher EEG complexity. Compared with perceptual-level processing, emotional and reward responses are associated with additional internal information processes above and beyond those linked to the external stimulus. In other words, the brain adds something when judging the emotional valence of music.
Howling by the river: howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) communication in an anthropogenically-altered riparian forest in Costa Rica
Authors: Bolt Laura M. , Russell Dorian G. , Coggeshall Elizabeth M.C. , Jacobson Zachary S. , Merrigan-Johnson Carrie , Schreier Amy L.
Published: December 2019

The ways that forest edges may affect animal vocalization behaviour are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of various types of edge habitat on the loud calls (howls) of a folivorous-frugivorous primate species, Alouatta palliata, with reference to the ecological resource defence hypothesis, which predicts that males howl to defend vegetation resources. We tested this hypothesis across four forest zones — interior, riparian, anthropogenic, and combined forest edges — in a riparian forest fragment in Costa Rica. We predicted vegetation and howling would differ between forest zones, with riparian and interior zones showing the highest values and anthropogenic edge the lowest. Our results indicated that vegetation was richer and howling longer in riparian and interior zones compared to combined and anthropogenic edges, supporting the resource defence hypothesis and providing some of the first evidence in animal communication scholarship for differences in behavioural edge effects between natural riparian and anthropogenic edges.
A new species of the genus Siriella Dana, 1850 (Mysida, Mysidae) from an intertidal reef area in Malaysia
Authors: Ainul-Mardhiah S. , Arshad Aziz , Sawamoto Shozo
Published: December 2019

A new species of the genus Siriella is described based on specimens collected from an intertidal reef area at Port Dickson, Malaysia. The species shows modified setae on both rami of both the third and fourth male pleopods and coiled pseudbranchial rami on the second to fourth male pleopods. These morphological characteristics indicate that the present species is a member of the pacifica-group of the genus Siriella. This is the first species of the group from Southeast Asian waters other than the species,”Siriella inornata Hansen?”, described by O. S. Tattersall (1960). The morphological characters of the present species are compared with those of the species of the pacifica-group, including O. S. Tattersall’s (1960) species.
Diet influence on mechanisms of non-specific stress-response in Baikal endemic amphipod species during long-term laboratory exposure
Authors: Axenov-Gribanov D. V. , Bedulina D. S. , Shirokova Y. A. , Emshanova V. A. , Lubyaga Y. A. , Vereshchagina K. P. , Saranchina A. E. , Pobezhimova T. P. , Timofeyev M. A.
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to estimate one of the important aspects of amphipod laboratory culturing — the effect of different types of nutrition on the key biochemical markers widely used in biomonitoring. The study was performed with the Baikal endemic amphipod species Eulimnogammarus verrucosus (Gerstfeldt, 1858), E. cyaneus (Dybowski, 1874), and Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing, 1899). These species are characterized by different ecological properties and evolutionary history. The results of the study demonstrate that a long-term laboratory exposure to different diets has a direct effect on vital and physiological parameters of the species’ adaptation (mortality, weight, protein concentration). Also, feeding imposes its influence on the common stress-markers of oxidative stress (activities of peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase), and on anaerobic metabolism (activity of lactate dehydrogenase) in Baikal amphipods, and this effect has a species-specific character. The results should be taken into consideration in future ecophysiological experiments performed with amphipods.
First records of six species of crustaceans for the eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Ozgen Ozge , Acik Sermin , Bakir Kerem
Published: December 2019

This paper deals with six crustacean species associated with Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile, 1813 meadows along the Aegean coasts of Turkey: Caprella tavolarensis, Eriopisella ruffoi, Iphimedia vicina, Astacilla mediterranea, Apseudopsis minimus and Macropodia deflexa. Apseudopsis minimus is a new record for the Turkish coast of the Aegean Sea, the other five species are new records for the eastern Mediterranean. Brief descriptions of the species and their morphological and ecological characteristics are given.
Neither Libertarian nor Compatibilist
Authors: Muller Richard A.
Published: December 2019

The present essay addresses Paul Helm’s most recent attempt to assimilate the thought of such Reformed scholastics as Francis Turretin to the ‘compatibilism’ of Jonathan Edwards. Helm has misunderstood a series of important scholastic distinctions concerning the relationship of intellect and will in the older faculty psychology, and the relationship of foundational or, as I identified it, ‘root’ indifference in the will to its multiple potencies. He has, accordingly, failed to register how Reformed orthodox understandings of free choice outlined in recent scholarship affirm both a simultaneity or synchronicity of potencies or capacities of the will and a diachronicity of actual effects and events. The Reformed orthodox writers certainly thought that human freedom was not incompatible with the divine determination of all things—their resolution of the issue does not, however, coincide with modern compatibilism.
Ongoing Problem of Irreducible Life Sentences in Turkey
Authors: Celiksoy Ergul
Published: December 2019

Sentences of life imprisonment without the possibility of release (irreducible life sentences) have been found to be inhumane and degrading by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Nevertheless, they continue to be imposed and implemented in Turkey. This paper examines the ongoing problem of irreducible life sentences in Turkish criminal and penal law. Firstly, it explores the different life imprisonment regimes in Turkish law, before addressing the question of release from life imprisonment. It then moves on to examine the jurisprudence of the ECtHR on irreducible life sentences and its judgments against Turkey. Subsequently, it discusses why and how the Turkish legislature and judiciary have remained indifferent to the issue of irreducible life sentences. It concludes by recommending how the Constitutional Court may be forced to play an affirmative role in the abolition of irreducible life sentences in Turkey.
A First Glimpse of a Commentary on the Kapphiṇābhyudaya
Authors: Pasedach Peter
Published: December 2019

The Kapphiṇābhyudaya is a mahākāvya composed by Śivasvāmin in 9th century Kashmir. It represents a high point of the development of its genre. Once a prominent work, its study in modern times, particularly that of its more difficult parts, suffered because of the lack of a commentary. Finally, in the 1980s a manuscript of a commentary was discovered in Tibet, copies of which are now kept at the China Tibetology Research Center in Beijing. From these Ernst Steinkellner could prepare an ad hoc description in 2007. The present article’s chief contribution is an edition and annotated translation of the two short transcribed passages contained in Steinkellner’s description.
The Caspian Sea Convention: New Status but Old Divisions?
Authors: Thévenin Pierre
Published: December 2019

The new Caspian Sea Convention signed in Aktau, Kazakhstan, on the 12th of August 2018 puts an end to almost three decades of legal uncertainty and complex negotiations that were by the question of the exploitation of the rich Caspian seabed. Although the significance of the Aktau Convention should not be understated, this article will show that rather than providing a new legal framework for the Caspian Sea, it validates the North Caspian Sea agreements previously signed between Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia. As a result, these countries stand to benefit the most from this convention, as opposed to Iran, whose propositions do not appear in the final version of the instrument.
Science and Integral Catholicism in Interwar Argentina
Authors: de Asúa Miguel
Published: December 2019

During the interwar period of the twentieth century, the Roman Catholic Church in Argentina experienced a transition from a ‘liberal’ model to a pattern of ‘integral Catholicism’ in which its values and norms were thought as the ultimate foundation of the political, social, and cultural world. This paper examines the views of representative Catholic figures on the relationship between science and religion and contemporary scientific theories such as relativity, evolution, and the nature of life, relating them to the corresponding historical scenario. The absence of correlation between the scientific and ideological positions of the actors confirms the prevalent idea of complexity at the time of analysing the relationships between science, religion, and politics.
The Religious Field during the Long Fifteenth Century
Authors: Corbellini Sabrina , Steckel Sita
Published: December 2019

Introducing a thematic section, this article presents an overview and some of the theoretical considerations resulting from COST Action IS1301, an international research network devoted to the study of lay religious culture during the long fifteenth century. A particular aim of this network was to discuss new European narratives framing the important transformations of lay religious culture during the period c. 1350–1550—a complex historical process that is still often obscured by the competing older narratives of Reformation, humanism, and Renaissance which shape the historiographical heritage. To get beyond the “methodological nationalism” and “methodological modernism” inherent in older paradigms, the article suggests viewing the transformation of lay religious culture as a long-term process of cultural evolution. It closes with an overview of the most important aspects of this evolutionary process during the long fifteenth century.
Historicizing the Religious Field
Authors: Steckel Sita
Published: December 2019

As historians of religion are currently diagnosing a need to find new shared frameworks and new narratives enabling interdisciplinary and trans-epochal exchange, the article suggests a closer historical engagement with theories of the “religious field”, originally formulated by Pierre Bourdieu on the basis of Max Weber’s work, as this theory has the potential to serve as a meta-language for interdisciplinary communication. The article sets out the most important elements of the theory of the religious field, and evaluates them critically by way of a historicization of important concepts, drawing on recent discussions in sociology and Religious Studies. After discussing the concept of the religious field itself, the article discusses several internal dynamics of the field (as suggested by Bourdieu and by more recent research) as well as several typical dynamics between fields. It concludes with suggestions for historical adaptations, including an updated approach to religious plurality and to the different types of religious actors envisaged by Weber and Bourdieu.
Pecock’s Mismigrations across the Religious Field
Authors: Johnson Ian
Published: December 2019

In mid-fifteenth-century England, the anti-Lollard Bishop of Chichester Reginald Pecock managed to get himself convicted for heresy in the very act of trying to teach orthodox doctrine to the laity. His remarkable array of interlocking treatises recodified the entirety of Christian doctrine and catechetics in a sprawling multitextual summa that endeavoured to forge its own new communities of interpretation. Pecock’s textual mismigrations reveal much about the perils of social change and stasis that they attempt to address through the intent to reform. Although the laity of this time was successful in procuring more challenging devotional and theological materials, Pecock’s bid to bestow on them a newly enhanced theological and philosophical role was a step too far. So what can be extrapolated from his failure? What do his frustrated texts tell us about the dynamics, permeability, and (non-)negotiability of religious boundaries in mid-fifteenth-century England?
The infinitive in Baltic and Balto-Slavic
Authors: Villanueva Svensson Miguel
Published: December 2019

This article presents a new approach to the Baltic and Balto-Slavic infinitive system. It is argued that the traditional view (which, in essence, derives the Slavic infinitive -ti from PIE loc. sg. *-tēi̯ and projects all Baltic infinitive endings back into Balto-Slavic) is for several reasons problematic. Balto-Slavic possessed just one infinitive (OCS -ti, Lith. -ti < Bl.-Sl. *-tī < PIE dat. sg. *-tei̯-ei̯, as per Hill 2016) and a supine (OCS -tъ, Lith. -tų < Bl.-Sl. *-tun < PIE acc. sg. *-tum). All other infinitive endings of Baltic (OPr. -twei, Lith. dial. -tie, Latv. refl. -tiê-s) were an exclusive creation of this branch. The reasons for the expansion of the infinitive in Baltic are also discussed.
The Right to Compensation for Wrongful Conviction/Miscarriage of Justice in International Law
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira
Published: December 2019

Human rights treaties (including Article 14(6) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (iccpr); Article 3 of the Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms; and Article 10 of the American Convention on Human Rights) explicitly protect the right to compensation for wrongful conviction or miscarriage of justice. The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights is silent on this right. The Human Rights Committee, the European Court of Human Rights, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights have developed rich jurisprudence on the ambit of the right to compensation for wrongful conviction or miscarriage of justice. States have adopted different approaches to give effect to their obligation under Article 14(6) of the iccpr. Relying on the practice and/or jurisprudence from States in Africa, Europe, North America, Asia, and Latin America and on the jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee, the European Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the article illustrates the approaches taken by some States to give effect to Article 14(6) of the iccpr and the relevant regional human rights instruments.
David S. Nivison, the Bamboo Annals, and the Chronology of Xia: Personal Reflections on Historical Method
Authors: Shaughnessy Edward L.
Published: December 2019

David Shepherd Nivison (1923-2014) devoted the last three and a half decades of his life to an attempt to reconstruct the original text of the Bamboo Annals and to use that text to reconstruct the absolute chronology of ancient China. Nivison’s attempt to reconstruct that chronology involved astronomy; textual criticism, especially—though not exclusively—of the Bamboo Annals; and a considerable amount of historiographical conjecture concerning both the period of the Xia dynasty and of the Warring States period, during which, Nivison argues, the Bamboo Annals was undergoing multiple revisions. This attempt was also based on three major theses: (1) the Xia kings were named for the tiangan 天干 of the first day of the first year of their reign; (2) irregular gaps of zero, one, two, three, four, and even forty years recorded in the Bamboo Annals between the reigns of Xia kings should invariably have been two years; and (3) the final Xia king, Jie 桀, is completely mythical.

In this article, I first present Nivison’s arguments and then present a critique of those arguments, based on my own study of the Bamboo Annals. My own study of the Bamboo Annals in turn has shown three points that are important for understanding its annals of Xia: that at least some of the manuscript was damaged or lost when it was taken from the tomb, that the Western Jin editors made some mistakes in their editing of the text, and that they added commentary to the text. Based on this discussion, I conclude that Nivison’s hypothesis concerning the chronology of the Xia dynasty remains just that: a hypothesis.
An Alternative Chronology for the Xia Dynasty and Discussion on Issues Related to Xia Culture
Authors: Jia Hongbo , Fordham Carl Gene
Published: December 2019

This paper proposes an alternative chronology for the Xia dynasty [ca. 2100-1600 BCE] based on the respective year counts and generation numbers of the Xia, Shang [ca. 1600-1046 BCE], and Zhou [1046-256 BCE] dynasties. It argues that Qi 啟 founded the Xia dynasty midway through the twentieth century BCE and further discusses questions relating to the capital cities and culture of the Xia. By integrating archeological material, it further contends that the ancient city of Wangchenggang 王城崗 located in Dengfeng 登封 was Yangcheng 陽城, the capital established by Yu 禹. It also argues that the Wadian 瓦店 site in Yuzhou 禹州 may have been inhabited by Yu and Qi, that the ancient city of Xinzhai 新砦 was an early capital of the Xia dynasty from the reigns of Qi to Shao Kang 少康, and that the Erlitou 二里頭 site was the capital of the Xia dynasty during its middle and late periods after the reign of Di Huai 帝槐. Xia culture should be approached as a concept that blends the disciplines of archeology and history and defined as the Xia people and the Xia dynasty within its region of governance or a culture whose creators mostly consisted of the Xia people. Furthermore, the ruins of the Xinzhai period represent Xia culture during its formative period, while Erlitou culture represents Xia culture during its maturity.
Faithful History or Unreliable History: Three Debates on the Historicity of the Xia Dynasty
Authors: Chen Minzhen , Fordham Carl Gene
Published: December 2019

Three debates on the historicity of the Xia dynasty [ca. 2100-1600 BCE] have occurred, spanning the 1920s and 1930s, the late 1900s and early 2000s, and recent years. In the first debate, Gu Jiegang 顧頡剛 [1893-1980], Wang Guowei 王國維 [1877-1927], and Xu Xusheng 徐旭生 [1888-1976] pioneered three avenues for exploring the history of the Xia period. The second debate unfolded in the context of the Doubting Antiquity School [Yigupai 疑古派] and the Believing Antiquity School [Zouchu yigu 走出疑古] and can be considered a continuation of the first debate. The third debate, which is steadily increasing in influence, features the introduction of new materials, methods, and perspectives and is informed by research into the origins of Chinese civilization, a field that is now in a phase of integration.
Notes on the Arabic Manuscript III.C.4 in the Central Library of the Sicilian Region
Authors: Sciortino Maria Grazia
Published: December 2019

Among the Arabic manuscripts preserved in the Alberto Bombace Central Library of the Sicilian Region in Palermo there is an anonymous and acephalous document, the ms. III.C.4., which provides, as its only identification signs, the shelf-mark S.M.43., indicating that it used to belong to the Library of the Benedictine Abbey of San Martino delle Scale, and a cursory Italian explanatory annotation provided in 1796 by the Archbishop of Aleppo.

As a preliminary step toward the critical analysis of the above-mentioned document, which will be the subject of further study, this paper will attempt to provide a codicological description of the manuscript together with a philological and historical reconstruction of its arrival to the Central Library of the Sicilian Region.
Glass Medallions from Royal and Aristocratic Buildings in Ghazni (Eleventh-Thirteenth century)
Authors: Laviola Valentina
Published: December 2019

This paper presents unpublished glass medallions retrieved from the royal and aristocratic buildings excavated in Ghazni (Afghanistan). This batch is to be related to the already known glass medallions which emerged in Termez and those purchased and reportedly coming from the Afghan area ascribed to the late Ghaznavid and Ghurid periods. The iconographic repertoire and function, possibly as elements of architectural decoration, offer interesting matters of debate.
Towards a Theory and Practice of Diversity and Inclusion in Globalizing US Universities: Transformational Solidarities of Knowledge Activism
Authors: Kennedy Michael D. , Tadesse Merone
Published: December 2019

Concerns for social justice in and commitments to globalizing universities are rarely part of the same portfolio among academic managers, or even among students, but these articulations of transformation in higher education increasingly intersect in both decolonizing theory and practice. Following an elaboration of various meanings of solidarity, diversity, and globalizing knowledge, we consider various connotations of the decolonizing mobilization in universities. We then consider in more detail the challenge of linking struggles over diversity to the practices of globalizing knowledge in the usa, especially at Brown University. We conclude by considering particular forms of transformational solidarity in direct and categorical associations, in contests defining equivalent oppressions, and in efforts to deepen awareness of racisms beyond more familiar contests in societies and global extensions most associated with US power.
Is There an Ibero-American “Youthology”? A Conversation
Authors: Pàmpols Carles Feixa , Castro-Pozo Maritza Urteaga
Published: December 2019

This article reproduces a conversation between Carles Feixa and Maritza Urteaga, researchers in youth studies, whose paths converge in the critical study of contemporary youth culture. Carles Feixa, PhD, is Professor of Social Anthropology at the Pompeu Fabra University (Barcelona) and holds a Doctorate Honoris Causa from the University of Manizales (Colombia). He was previously a lecturer at the University of Lleida, and has been visiting scholar in Rome, Mexico City, Paris, Berkeley, Buenos Aires, Santiago de Chile, Newcastle and Lima. He has also been a public policy consultant for the United Nations and VP for Europe of the “Sociology of Youth” research committee of the International Sociological Association. In 2017 he was awarded the icrea Academia Award by the Autonomous Government of Catalonia and an Advanced Grant from the European Research Council. Maritza Urteaga, PhD, is Research Professor at the National School of Anthropology and History in Mexico City, and a level ii member of the National System of Researchers in Mexico. This conversation reviews Feixa’s career, from its beginnings in the 80s to the present, to determine whether there is something that can be called Ibero-American “youthology”.
The New Adulthood and the Future of Youth Studies: an Interview with Professor Johanna Wyn
Authors: Woodman Dan , Wyn Johanna
Published: December 2019

In this article, Johanna Wyn discusses her pivotal contributions to youth studies, in conversation with Dan Woodman. Professor Wyn’s key ideas are introduced: the critique of futurity in youth studies, the rise of a new adulthood, social generation, the limitations of a transitions framework, and belonging for young people. These conceptual contributions are discussed in relation to understanding patterns of inequality among young people and the main challenges and opportunities for the future of a global youth studies.
An Expectancy-Value Approach to Math Underachievement: Examining High School Achievement, College Attendance, and STEM Interest
Authors: Fong Carlton J. , Kremer Kristen P.
Published: December 2019

Students’ academic underachievement, defined as discrepancies between ability and academic performance, is a widespread problem leading to many negative consequences. Our study examines high school students’ math underachievement, its motivational antecedents, and its impact on future math achievement, college attendance, and STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) interest. Using data from the nationally representative High School Longitudinal Study, we identified students who exhibited a math ability–achievement discrepancy between their standardized math scores at the beginning of ninth grade and their final math grade in fall of ninth grade. We then conducted generalized structural equation modeling to identify direct effects of math motivation on math underachievement along with the direct effects of math underachievement on future STEM and college outcomes. Informed by expectancy-value theory, we found that math motivation, as measured by value and expectancy beliefs was significantly associated with math underachievement. We also found that math underachievement was associated with a number of outcomes in the high school to college transition with evidence of moderation by high math ability. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.
Therapeutic Anticoagulation With an Ultra-Low Concentration Argatroban-Based Purge Solution for Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device in Patient With Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Newsome Andrea Sikora , Taylor Ashley , Garner Seth
Published: December 2019

Purpose/Background: Percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (pVADs) require a continuous purge solution containing heparin to prevent pump thrombosis and device failure. Data regarding alternative options in patients who have suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) are limited. Methods: In this report, we describe a 68-year-old white man with cardiogenic shock with an Impella CP device managed with a low concentration argatroban-based purge solution secondary to a suspected diagnosis of HIT. Results: The purge solution was initiated as argatroban in dextrose 10% at a concentration of 0.12 mg/mL and was subsequently decreased twice to 0.06 and 0.015 mg/mL based on the patient’s clinical course. Conclusions: This case report describes the safe and effective use of argatroban purge solution necessary for anticoagulation although further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Effects of honeycomb core damage on the performance of composite sandwich structures
Authors: King William T , Guin William E , Jordon J Brian , Barkey Mark E , Allison Paul G
Published: December 2019

This work presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the effects of pre-existing core damage on aluminum honeycomb core composite sandwich structures. Quasi static flexural and compression experiments were performed, where the effects of core damage on the shear modulus and Young's modulus were quantified. In addition, finite element analysis was performed on the sandwich structures to elucidate the effects of the core damage on the structural response. Comparisons of experimental and finite element responses are presented for sandwich structures consisting of carbon fiber facesheets and an aluminum honeycomb core. The pre-existing core damage is observed to cause up to an 8% reduction in shear modulus and a 9% reduction in elastic modulus. It is also determined that the presence of pre-existing core damage results in an asymmetrical compressive load distribution in the composite structures.
Conversion of polyethylene terephthalate to high-quality terephthalic acid by hydrothermal hydrolysis: the study of process parameters
Authors: Valh Julija Volmajer , Vončina Bojana , Lobnik Aleksandra , Zemljič Lidija Fras , Škodič Lidija , Vajnhandl Simona
Published: December 2019

A new circular economy concept is presented for the textile sector to convert unwearable polyester textile waste into valuable chemical feedstock. The idea behind it is to develop a new circular economy concept for the most used material in the textile industry, that is, polyester. Hydrothermal hydrolysis, an environmentally friendly process, has been studied for recovering polyester monomeric units. Under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions complete chemical depolymerization of pure poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) to terephthalic acid (TPA) was achieved at high yield. The produced TPA was characterized by potentiometric titrations, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and elemental analysis. A series of experiments were performed on the PET material with different intrinsic viscosities to define the appropriate depolymerization conditions related to the temperature ( T), time ( t) and PET:H2O ratio, which enables total conversion of the polymer. Maximal conversion (92%) to TPA was defined at 250℃, pressure of 39–40 bar, PET:water ratio of 1:10 and hydrolysis time of 30 min after reaching steady-state conditions in the reactor. The applied depolymerization route resulted in moderate purity of the originated TPA, which was applied successfully in a laboratory-scale two-step re-polymerization to produce PET resins.
Sailing against the Wind: The Rise and Crisis of a Low-Conflict Progressivism
Authors: Friedmann Gustavo Codas , Puty Claudio A. Castelo Branco
Published: December 2019

The governments of the Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers’ Party—PT) in Brazil (2003– 2016) were part of a cycle of progressive governments in Latin America whose differences are more specific to the conditions of political struggle in each country—the conditions of arrival in government, the structure of the political system—than fundamentally programmatic. They can be characterized as a low-conflict progressivism in that, although there was no promotion of a neoliberal agenda on the model of European social liberalism, there was accommodation within the framework of the established order that was ultimately fundamental to the success of the 2016 parliamentary-judicial coup.

Os governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) no Brasil (2003 a 2016) fizeram parte de um ciclo de governos progressistas na América Latina cujas diferenças dizem mais respeito às condições específicas de luta política em cada país—nas condições de chegada ao governo, na estrutura do sistema político—do que uma diferença programática fundamental. Podem-se caracterizar os governos do PT de um progressismo de baixo conflito à medida em que, não obstante não ter havido a promoção de uma agenda neoliberal nos padrões do social-liberalismo europeu, houve uma acomodação aos marcos da ordem estabelecida que, em última medida, foram fundamentais para o sucesso do golpe judiciário-parlamentar de 2016.
Will Review for Points: The Unpaid Affective Labour of Placemaking for Google’s ‘Local Guides’
Authors: Tarr Alexander , Alvarez León Luis F.
Published: December 2019

A growing number of people are relying on technologies like Google Maps not only to navigate and locate themselves in cartographic space but also to search, discover and evaluate urban places. While the spatial data that underlies such technology frequently appears as a combination of Google-created maps and locational information passively collected from mobile (GPS-enabled) devices, in this article we argue that for such systems to function as both useful tools for exploration for users and sources of revenue, users must actively produce massive quantities of granular spatial data that would otherwise be significantly more difficult and expensive to collect. The production of this qualitative information about places constitutes significant unremunerated affective labour. In this article, we build on the tradition of feminist geographies, especially feminist and critical Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to examine how the labour done by gendered, raced and often classed members of a local community is alienated by Google (i.e. Alphabet, Inc.) to produce commodified spatial data/media in the Local Guides platform. We analyse how Google’s presentation of the platform hails women as care labourers—sharing their thoughts, feelings and knowledge of place for free in the name of supporting and caring for a community, however vaguely it may be constituted. At the same time, we argue that digital labour that produces the Local Guides platform draws from and reproduces specific gendering of spaces. We draw on a case study of a commercial corridor in the US city of Worcester, Massachusetts to show how the dialectic between affective digital labour and urban space has material effects on the production of raced, classed and gendered spaces and places. The article concludes with a call to maintain critical, feminist engagements with these types of platforms in order to further develop forms of digital praxis towards more just cities.
Overcoming Stereotypes to “Master Our Dreams”: The Salience of Ethnic Climate and Racial Diversity Among Students of Color in Middle School
Authors: Durand Tina M.
Published: December 2019

Ethnic-racial climate is a salient dimension of school context, especially amid the current sociopolitical climate. This study examined perceptions of school ethnic-racial climate among adolescent students of color, and the significance they place on being part of a diverse student population, in two urban middle schools, using interviews and focus groups. Qualitative analyses revealed that students’ perceptions were contradictory. Students characterized their school interactions in meritocratic terms, where opportunities were grounded in equality and individual effort. However, their reports of racialized treatment were frequent, whereby ethnically segregated peer groups and the presence of stereotypes were prominent. Despite this, students articulated the benefits of school diversity, most notably, because it supported them in “mastering their dreams.” Findings suggest that early adolescents are challenged with navigating the racialized context of the school environment. As such, schools must interrogate the promotion of colorblindness, in favor of practices that are more culturally affirming.
Mancozeb exposure during development and lactation periods results in decreased oocyte maturation, fertilization rates, and implantation in the first-generation mice pups: Protective effect of vitamins E and C
Authors: Esmaiel Saddein , Tahereh Haghpanah , Noreddin Nematollahi-Mahani Seyed , Massood Ezzatabadipour
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the mancozeb (MNZ) impact on oocyte maturation of first-generation mice pups as well as their fertilization rate, embryo development, and implantation along with the preventative effect of vitamins E and C. Pregnant mice were randomly divided into six groups: control, vehicle, and MNZ (500 mg/kg body weight (BW)), vitamin E (200 mg/kg BW), MNZ plus vitamin E, MNZ plus vitamin C (100 mg/kg BW), and MNZ plus two vitamins. All treatments were conducted by oral gavage every 2 days from the second day of gestation until the end of lactation. Vitamin treatment was initiated 30 min before receiving MNZ. After birth, first-generation mice pups were kept until adulthood (8–10 W). Adult female mice pups superovulated and then the collected oocytes were examined for nuclear maturity status. After in vitro fertilization of metaphase II oocytes with sperm of the first-generation male mice pups, fertilization rate and embryo development were evaluated over 24 h. Also, the fecundity rate and the number of implanted embryos in vivo were studied on the eighth day of pregnancy. MNZ exposure during embryo development and lactation significantly decreased the total number of collected oocytes, oocyte maturation, fertilization rate, implantation rate, fecundity rate, and embryo development compared with the control group in the first-generation pups. In contrast, vitamin treatments significantly increased these parameters compared to the MNZ group. Reduction in the quality of oocyte, the rate of fertilization, embryo implantation, and development following MNZ exposure could decrease female reproductive success, while coadministration of vitamins E and C could prevent these complications.
A longitudinal review of rural health policy in Ontario
Authors: Whaley Jim
Published: December 2019

This article examines the Ontario Ministry of Health policy response to persistent rural health challenges over the last 5 decades. Rural health policy responses are grouped into policy “paradigms” for purposes of this high-level analysis. Key policies are assessed in terms of progress, limitations, and lessons learned for policy-makers and rural health leaders.
Black Athenians: Making and Resisting Racialized Symbolic Boundaries in the Greek Street Market
Authors: Papadantonakis Max
Published: December 2019

In this article, I show how groups and individuals maintain racialized symbolic boundaries at the micro-level of personal interactions. Using data collected during an ethnographic study in Athens, Greece, where I worked as a fruit vendor in a street market, I detail how local Greek vendors and immigrant workers use language, gesture, olfaction, along with their interpretations of faith and sexuality to reproduce patterns of social distance that allow for racialized stigma and discrimination. I apply the framework of symbolic interactionism and draw from literature on symbolic boundaries to explore how immigrant street market workers experience and resist racialization throughout the interaction order. I show that racialization underlies perceptions of the immigrant “other,” especially in the case of Greece where race is often ignored as a crucial factor.
(Re)investigation of Rural Women’s Labour Supply in India: The Impact of Household Poverty Status—A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Sebastian Nancy
Published: December 2019

This article examines the role of household poverty in shaping rural female labour supply using the unique panel dataset of India Human Development Survey. The results using Vella and Verbeek’s two-step panel estimation reveal the presence of a backward-sloping labour supply curve for rural women from below poverty line households, and an upward-sloping labour supply for rural women from above poverty line (APL) households. This implies the existence of ‘forced’ or ‘need-based’ participation among poor women and justifies why they work long hours in poorly paid hazardous jobs. The article also finds horizontal labour supply among agriculture wage workers and for Adivasi and Dalit rural women to some extent, reflecting limited job options, and surplus unskilled labour who are unable to demand higher wages for their labour supply. On the other hand, when categorised by occupation type, the downward-sloping labour supply for rural women from APL households indicates the dominance of the income effect over the substitution effect, and the socio-cultural factors that gain strength as income levels increase.

JEL Classification: J220, R21, J16, R230, I32
Can a National Health Insurance Policy Increase Equity in the Utilization of Skilled Birth Attendants in Indonesia? A Secondary Analysis of the 2012 to 2016 National Socio-Economic Survey of Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Siti Khadijah , Mahendradhata Yodi , Trisnantoro Laksono
Published: December 2019

The Indonesian government has been implementing the National Health Insurance ( Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional [JKN]) policy since 2014. This study aimed to evaluate JKN based on equity indicators, especially in skilled birth attendants (SBAs) use. The data were obtained from National Socio-Economic Survey of Indonesia during 2012 to 2016. To analyze the data, χ2 and logistic regression tests were applied. The respondents were married mothers from 15 to 49 years who had delivered a baby. Deliveries by SBAs increased at the national level, but this achievement showed significant variation according to geographical location. The coverage of deliveries by SBAs in the eastern areas of Indonesia was still much lower than those in the western areas. All factors determining SBAs utilization (health insurance ownership, education, household economic status, and geography factor) indicated the positive correlation ( P < .05). The inequity of SBA use in differences in geographical location and socioeconomic status continues to occur after the implementation of JKN.