bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Epistemic Frankfurt Cases” Against the Backdrop of the Original Frankfurt Case
Authors: Keßels Isabelle
Published: July 2022

This paper critically examines so-called “epistemic Frankfurt cases” (see e.g., Kelp 2016; Zagzebski 2001) against the backdrop of the original Frankfurt case. A distinction is drawn between two ways of deserving “epistemic credit,” which are subsequently compared to the concept of moral responsibility that is in play within the original Frankfurt case. Based on this analysis, Zagzebski's claim that agents in “epistemic Frankfurt cases” can be considered epistemically credible for the same reason as the agent in the original version is said to be morally responsible is challenged; raising doubts as to whether these cases really are best described as instances of knowledge. The paper concludes with the construction and discussion of a case that is a genuine epistemic analogue to the original Frankfurt case.
Response-Dependence in Moral Responsibility: A Granularity Challenge
Authors: Wang Shawn Tinghao
Published: July 2022

According to the response-dependence view of moral responsibility, a person is morally responsible just in case, and in virtue of the fact that, she is an appropriate target for reactive attitudes. This paper raises a new puzzle regarding response-dependence: there is a mismatch between the granularity of the reactive attitudes and of responsibility facts. Whereas the reactive attitudes are comparatively coarse-grained, responsibility facts can be quite fine-grained. This poses a challenge for response-dependence, which seeks to ground facts about responsibility in facts about the reactive attitudes. Specifically, reactive attitudes are not enough for grounding facts about degrees of moral responsibility. The response-dependence view thus requires significant revisions or supplementations.
Third-Party Apologies; Theory and Form
Authors: Cohen Marc A. , Hoption Colette B.
Published: July 2022

When A wrongs B while C observes, or when B tells C afterward, C might apologize. This could seem to be an imprecise or merely metaphorical use of the word ‘apology’ to refer to an expression of sympathy. But this short paper explains how third-party apologies function as apologies (they restore respect to B, the victim, that was undermined by the wrongdoer A); it explains why such an apology could be morally necessary on C's part; and it provides a preliminary account of the components of a third-party apology.
Reasons as Reasons for Preferences
Authors: Rowland R.A.
Published: July 2022

I argue that all reasons for actions and attitudes consist in reasons for preferences; call this view RP. According to RP, reasons for A to believe that p just consist in reasons for A to prefer their believing that p to their not believing that p, and reasons for A to have a pro-attitude or perform an action just consist in reasons for A to prefer that she has that attitude/performs that action. I argue that we have strong reason to accept RP because we can explain a correlation between reasons for preferences and other reasons only if we accept RP. I argue that no objections undermine RP and that RP has interesting implications for the reasons for attitudes there are and for reasons fundamentalism.
Management of Village Potentials by Village-Owned Company of North Sangatta Village, Kutai Timur District
Authors: Andriyani Faradhilla
Published: July 2022

This study describes and analyzes the management of village potentials by the Village-Owned Enterprises of Sangatta Utara Sejahtera (BUMDESUS) of Sangata Utara Village and its impact to the community. This qualitative descriptive research uses purposive sampling and the data collection was carried out through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentary research. Findings show that there are three village potentials, namely Taman Bersemi (Village Park), Kenyamukan Beach, and BUMDesmart (village-owned enterprise). However, only Village Park and BUMDesmart can be managed. Kenyamukan Beach is unable to be managed properly as this asset  belongs to three authorities: Sangata Utara Village of Kutai Timur Regency, Kutai Regency Government, and the Provincial Government of East Kalimantan. The management of village potentials by BUMDESUS has two impacts, namely economic impact that can be seen from an increase in village revenues and livelihood source of local community; and the impact on community-based residential development.
 Keywords: management, village potentials, village owned enterprise
Sistem Manajemen Wisata Museum Kayu Tuah Himba di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara
Authors: Araffa Risa Maulidya
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this research is to determine the tourism management system of Kayu Tuah Himba Museum in Kutai Kartangera District, promoted as a tourism destination, and aiming at contributing to community education and regional development. Results of this research show that the tourism management system of Kayu Tuah Himba has been implemented through stages of planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling. In terms of actuating, however, the museum focuses on destination promotion without considering necessary allied tourism infrastructure like road access, accommodation, and quality of human resources to manage the museum. The existence of such inhibiting factors also affects the development programs of the museum, like the lack of financial support from the district government.
 Keywords: management system, museum, Kayu Tuah Himba, Kutai Kartanegara
Kerjasama Internasional Indonesia: Memperkuat Keamanan Nasional di Bidang Keamanan Siber
Authors: Rosy Afifah Fidina
Published: July 2022

This research analyses the development of cyber security capacity and international cooperation in cyber security carried out by Indonesia with other countries. Research results show that the development of Indonesian cyber security has been strengthened by the establishment of National Cyber and Crypto Agency. It is also found that Indonesian cyber diplomacies have yielded cooperation with other countries to strengthen cyber security as part of national security. They have been carried out bilaterally or multilaterally, and can be categorized as cooperative security based on common goals, i.e.  to prevent the rise of threats to national security.
Keywords: cyber security, cyber crime, security, internet, cooperative security, cooperation.
Kepemimpinan Lokal dan Modal Sosial Dalam Pembangunan Desa Pada Masyarakat Eks Transmigrasi Desa Garantung Kecamatan Maliku Kabupaten Pulang Pisau
Authors: Bahrianoor Bahrianoor
Published: July 2022

This research aims at determining the role of local leadership and social capital in rural development regarding the ex-transmigrants’ community in Garantung Village, Maliku District, Pulang Pisau Regency. The research is qualitative, with descriptive design. The result of this research shows that local leadership and social capital have significant role and function in expanding the cooperative relationship, both individually and collectively, as well as internally and externally. This cooperative relationship implies that the success of the vision of leadership can be achieved through the strength of social capital. As major aspects of social capital, ’bonding’ has a role to create togetherness and strong emotional connection, thus strengthening internal relationships; while ’bridging’ plays a role in stimulating the progress of rural development with enormous advantage for village improvement, specifically in communal resource mobilization for the benefit of Garantung Village development.
Bisakah PNS Melayani Secara Efektif Selama COVID-19? Studi Kebijakan Work from Home Di Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Sleman
Authors: Rahmat Al Fauzi
Published: July 2022

The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) cases in various countries, including Indonesia, resulted in the paralysis of most services, including in the government sectors. The enactment of Work from Home (WFH) policy for State Civil Servants (PNS) indicates the massive level of urgency for the spread of this deadly virus, leading to the Social Distance policy being also applied in the government environment. This article aims to examine civil servants' work effectiveness in implementing WFH during Covid-19 pandemic in Sleman Regency, with a case study at the Department of Social Service. This research uses an exploratory case study approach, emphasizing the exploration of a phenomenon such as WFH policy. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews and literature reviews were used to obtain reliable data analysis. The findings of this study show that the adaptation of civil servants in the Sleman Social Service to the WFH policy is seen as complex in several divisions, because they are not accustomed to working in a home environment where teleconference facilities may be urgently required and the dependence on communication and coordination between employees is crucial. Another issue is that in the Department of Social Service there are no sanctions for civil servants who do not work under the guidance of WFH policy. In addition, knowledge and skills needed to operate and administer online services are still limited, affecting civil servants' ability in delivering a community’s public service needs. Hence, the implementation of WFH policy may not be effective in all types of public operations.
Implementasi Sistem Keuangan Desa Dalam Transparansi Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa
Di Desa Bulak Kabupaten Indramayu
Authors: Ningsih Amelia , Nurhaliza Siti , Priyanti Evi
Published: July 2022

Pemerintah saat ini memprioritaskan pembangunan desa karena undang-undang desa
yang menempatkan desa sebagai ujung tombak pembangunan. Desa diberikan sumber dana dan
kewenangan untuk mengelolanya sendiri guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Dalam
mengelola sumber dana desa, Pemerintah memberikan kebijakan pelaksanaan Aplikasi Sistem
Keuangan Desa (SISKEUDES). Aplikasi Sistem Keuangan Desa (SISKEUDES) merupakan aplikasi
yang dikembangkan oleh Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan (BPKP) dalam rangka
meningkatkan kualitas tata kelola keuangan desa. Dasar pemerintah melakukan permohonan
dana desa adalah Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Desa diberi kesempatan
untuk membiayai sendiri penyelenggaraan pemerintahan, pengeluaran dan melaksanakan
pembangunan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kualitas hidup masyarakat desa.
Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa sangat rawan manipulasi sehingga SISKEUDES dinilai mampu
memberikan dampak positif dari segi pengelolaan keuangan desa dan dana desa, selain itu
SISKEUDES juga dinilai berdampak dari segi waktu dan biaya, sehingga untuk menciptakan
sistem pengelolaan dana desa. yaitu transparansi dan akuntabilitas.
Determining the Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis and their Patterns of Susceptibility to Antibiotics among Benghazi Women, Libya
Authors: Alawkally Noor alhooda M. , Ibrahim Hamza K. , Mousa Nessren F. , Ali Mareei. A. , Fakron Abdlmanam S. , Al-awkally Nesrine M. , Nasib Muftah A. , Al-Awkally Alreda M. , SenossI Fathia M.
Published: July 2022

Vaginal discharge in women is occasionally caused by aerobic bacterial organisms. The study aimed to determine the etiology of female vaginosis and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. HV culture results, age, and sex of all female patients with suspected bacterial vaginosis were collected. High vaginal swabs were inoculated into MacConkey agar, 5% blood agar, and chocolate agar and then incubated at 37°C in the presence of 5% CO2 for 24-48 h. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method. Ten different antibiotic discs were used: Amikacin, Augmentin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Levofloxacin, Meropenem, Septrin, and Clindamycin. After 24 hours, zones were measured in mm, and zone interpretations were in accordance with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards criteria guidelines. A total of 215 females were included in the study, the incidence of bacterial vaginosis was 18.6% (40/215). Females between 33 and 45 years old had a somewhat high prevalence (19/40:47.5%) of bacterial vaginosis. The most frequent isolates were 45% (18/40) Escherichia coli followed by 15% (6/40) Strep pneumonia. The in vitro susceptibility tests of the most common isolates showed high resistance levels to commonly used antibiotics such as Augmentin and Gentamycin. Whereas highly sensitive rates were observed for Ceftriaxone 70%, followed by Ciprofloxacin 57.5%. Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin showed the best antibiotic sensitivity. Additional studies are necessary to recognize those bacterial species that cause vaginal infections and determine the susceptibility of those species to recently used antibiotics.
Water Quality Assessment of Lakes (Ain Al-Ghazala and Umm-Hufayn) for Fish Culture in the Eastern Coast of Libya
Authors: Fitori Amani F. , Al-Mismari Anwar A. R. , Mahdy Aldoushy A. , Said Rashad E.M. , Masoud Ashraf  N.
Published: July 2022

Assessments of some physical and chemical properties were conducted  for two Libyan water bodies (Ain Al- Ghazala and Umm-Hufayn). Of each ecosystem, ten water samples were taken from ten points for analysis. The results showed that the electric conductivity in Ain Al-Ghazala Bay waters is higher than that in the waters of Umm-Hufayn Lake. In the two areas, the hydrogen ion concentration pH recorded the highest value with a value of 8.3, with mean values of chloride (Cl) exceeding the internationally recorded limits. Furthermore, nitrites (NO2), nitrate (NO3), sulphate (SO4), phosphate (PO4), silicates (SiO2), carbonate (CO3), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) were all greater in Ain Al-Ghazala Bay waters than in Umm-Hufayn Lake waters. In conclusion, more attention should be directed to the preservation of such natural resources.
Flea Infestations on Domestic Animals in Nafusa Mountain Region, North-West Libya
Authors: Aboulqassim Waleed Y. M. , Ghana Salah , Shaibi Taher
Published: July 2022

Fleas are ectoparasitic pests on domestic animals and act as vectors of many pathogens to humans. Here, we aim to identify the fleas that parasitize on domestic animals and their seasonality in the Nafusa Mountain region (Gharyan, Zintan, and Nalut). The survey was carried out from summer 2017 to winter 2018/2019. Fleas were collected seasonally from flea-infested animals using a metal comb (11 teeth per cm) and tweezers. One flea species was identified in this survey; Ctenocephalides felis, which was collected from goats, sheep, rabbits, donkeys, hens, cats, and dogs. The highest flea prevalence was among goats (66.49 %), followed by sheep (56.17%), whereas in dogs, donkeys, hens, rabbits, and cats, it represented less than 50.00%. The highest flea intensity was among dogs (4.50 ± 3.04 fleas per dog), while the lowest intensity was among hens (0.87 ± 0.59 fleas per hen). The highest mean flea abundance was among cats (8.00), whereas goats, sheep, donkeys, dogs, and hens represented less than 1.50 fleas per host. Summer and autumn represented the highest intensity followed by spring, but no fleas were collected in winter. The finding of the study indicated that Ct. felis was common among domestic animals. Consequently, it may become a potential source of pathogen transmission among people and animals.
Diversity and distributional pattern of Acridids (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Senthilkumar N. , Prakash R. , Sanjayan K. , Mahalingam V. , Muralirangan M.
Published: July 2022

A knowledge of insect biodiversity and patterns of distribution becomes necessary for a better understanding of insect ecology and behavior, as well as to design sampling programs for rapidly assessing pest density and phenological forecasting. In the state of Tamil Nadu about 62 species of acridids or short horned grasshoppers (Order: Orthoptera; Family: Pyrgomorphidae and Acrididae) have so far been recorded. Inventorying of acridids was carried out by surveying, sorting, cataloguing, quantifying and mapping of entities such as individuals, populations, species, habitats and ecosystems. The resulting data were used for further analysis of various parameters of biodiversity. The acridids recorded in Tamil Nadu inhabit a wide range of ecosystems. The present study was focused towards the acridid biodiversity in Tamil Nadu, their occurrence, distribution, richness and abundance from different vegetation sites viz., wasteland, grassland, forestland, and cropland as well as at different altitudes. From the 58 selected study sites in Tamil Nadu, over a period of 24 months, a total of 37 species belonging to 2 families and 11 subfamilies were recorded during the period of survey. The study depicted maximum species richness in forest ecosystem followed by wasteland, grassland and cropland. The diversity decreased with increase in altitude reaching a peak at 1100 MSL. A insignificant positive correlation was obtained between species richness for the longitudinal gradients and a negative correlation was obtained between species richness and the latitudinal gradients, while a significant negative correlation was observed with the altitudinal gradients.
Synthesis and Applications of Dendrimer-Modified Mesoporous Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Liang , Wan Jingjing
Published: July 2022

Because of their excellent physical properties, mesoporous nanoparticles have been widely studied, especially in the aspect of surface functionalization, which has had a profound impact in many fields of scientific research. Dendrimers, as a kind of three-dimensional macromolecules, also have been widely concerned and studied on account of their unique structural properties. Combining dendrimers with mesoporous nanoparticles can fabricate novel hybrid nanomaterials that possess the advantages of both dendrimers and mesoporous nanoparticles, which may meet the need of the increasing application demands in many fields. This review mainly introduces some of the extensive applications of dendrimers and mesoporous nanoparticles combined in recent years, and briefly summarizes their synthesis methods.
Challenges and Applications of In Situ TEM for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zou Youlan , Liang Yaru
Published: July 2022

Owning to the fast development and bright prospect in energy storage system of sodium-ion battery, the electrochemical behavior of sodium storage materials has been paid full attention by researchers. The electrochemical reaction of sodium-ion battery materials involves complex evolution procedures of morphology, microstructure and element valence. Due to the limitation of conventional analytical techniques, the sodium electrochemical reaction process and mechanism are not completely clear. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables researchers to observe sodium storage materials behave in the electrochemical environment directly, which can provide guidance for the development of sodium-ion battery materials. This review demonstrates the general applicability of in situ TEM for sodium-ion batteries, and the challenges and opportunities are discussed.
Occupational Stress and Academic Staff Job Performance in Two Nigerian Universities
Authors: Akah Levi U. , Owan Valentine J. , Aduma Peter O. , Onyenweaku Eridiong O. , Olofu Martin A. , Alawa David A. , Ikutal Ajigo , Usoro Abosede A.
Published: July 2022

Available reports provide an account of academic staff’s poor job performance in higher education institutions and universities in particular. Consequently, a growing body of research has been attracted to this area, including those seeking ways to understand the problem and others aimed at proffering solutions. This study contributes to the literature by investigating the influence of occupational stress on the job performance of academic staff in universities. Three null hypotheses directed the study in line with the quantitative ex-post facto research design. A sample of 150 respondents was obtained using the systematic random sampling technique from a population of 400 lecturers in the Faculty of Education from two public universities in Nigeria. A 31-item questionnaire was used for data collection. The null hypotheses were tested at the .05 alpha level using simple linear regression analysis. It was revealed that remuneration is a significant positive predictor of academic staff job performance. The prediction of workload was negatively non-significant on the job performance of academics. The provision of institutional amenities has a positive but non-significant prediction on academic staff job performance in the two public universities. It was concluded that occupational stress significantly influences the job performance of lecturers in universities. The study recommended that the government constantly pay lecturers’ salaries as and when due. Institutional managers should reward lecturers with outstanding performance to boost their morale for effective service delivery.
The Improvement of Attitudes toward Convergence of Preservice Teachers: Blended Learning versus Online Learning in Science Teaching Method Courses
Authors: Choi Youngmi , Park Namje
Published: July 2022

There has been a growing need as preservice teachers develop competencies regarding convergence. Focused on a discussion of blended learning before the COVID-19 pandemic versus online learning in the epidemic, we aimed to explore whether preservice teachers’ attitudes toward convergence can be influenced by the learning environment. Participants were a total of three hundred preservice teachers who attended the science teaching method courses training their TPACK at a teachers college in South Korea during the 2018 to 2020 academic years (194 in the blended learning group and 106 in the online learning group). Survey data on five subcomponents of attitudes toward convergence were collected at the start and end of the courses and analyzed using ANOVA and ANCOVA. As result, preservice teachers’ responses to the attitudes toward convergence in the pretests have a significant difference, whereas the overall scores in the posttests revealed no significant difference in the modalities of learning environments. Consequently, the preservice teachers engaged in the courses enhanced positive attitudes toward convergence regardless of delivery methods either blended learning or online learning. This paper provides evidence that the two teaching modalities of curriculum studies have the potential to foster preservice teachers’ attitudes toward convergence. This study supports that the blended and online learning formats of the course were feasible to induce short-term improvements in bias affective domains under the learning environments of science teaching method courses.
Online Collaborative Flipped Writing Classroom: A Framework for Online English Writing Instruction
Authors: Syarifudin Syarifudin , Husnawadi Husnawadi
Published: July 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about unprecedented global impacts, particularly in the ELT sector. Empirical evidence has shown that English language teachers and students face several challenges, namely the inadequacy of technological skills, learning hours, motivation, and engagement, to mention a few. However, a few studies offer an applicable learning framework that provides theoretical and practical insights for L2 or English writing instructors, particularly in the Higher Education (HE) context amid the pandemic. Therefore, this paper proposes an applicable learning framework, “Online Collaborative Flipped Writing Classroom” (OCFWC), for L2 writing instruction in HE as a remedy for remote learning conditions and beyond. The initial section of this paper sheds light on the rationale for establishing the learning framework, followed by a brief overview of the theoretical underpinnings of this framework. Second, it presents the step-by-step procedures for implementing this learning framework by drawing on an English language writing classroom in an Indonesian HE context during the Covid-19 pandemic. The final section of this paper discusses the pedagogical benefits, limitations, and implications for future studies.
Development Of Normative Data of Functional Reach Test in Young Adults of Lahore; A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Aleen Sheeza , Shafique Maliha , Liaquat Khadija , Mehmood Arooba , Tehzeeb Komal
Published: July 2022

Risk of fall is one of the serious health concerns of human beings. Many tests have been developed clinically to measure risk of fall in adults. Objective: To develop preliminary normative data of functional reach test (forward reach) in young adults. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in different geographical areas of Lahore. A sample of 500 healthy young adults was recruited in study through convenience sampling technique. To measure dynamic balance functional reach test (forward) was used. Results: A total sample of 500 young adults were included 22% of participants were females and 78% were males. The mean age of participants was 24± 4 years. The mean score of functional reach test (forward) was 9.87±2.9 inches, the minimum score was 3.20 inches and maximum score was 15.09 inches. There was no statistically significant difference was observed in scores of FRT in across and within the groups of both gender as p-value was > 0.05. There was also weak positive significant correlation between BMI and scores of functional reach test and p<0.05. Conclusion: The study provided the normative value of functional reach test (forward) for young adults.
Clinical Presentation Of Gastroesophageal Reflux Among Children With Chronic Constipation
Authors: Hussain Amna , Hashir Zaigham , Gohar Shah Bushra , Farrukh Riffat , Masood Shaheen
Published: July 2022

The gastro-esophageal reflux disease is the type of gastrointestinal disorder which is very common in children. To evaluate the overlap and correlation between different gastrointestinal track disorders different epidemiological studies are conducted. The chronic constipation and gastroesophageal reflux are the functional disorder of gastrointestinal (GI) track with the significant correlation. Objective: The purpose of the study was to elaborate the relationship between the very common and functional disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) track; the gastroesophageal reflux and the functional constipation. Methods: Those patients who referred to pediatric gastroenterology department of hospital were included in the study. The children were diagnosed with functional constipation. For the diagnosis of FC the Rome III criteria was applied. Two groups were established. There were 34 number of patients diagnosed with FC in the experimental group, while 36 children suspicion of GERD disease were placed in control group. Results: The mean age of the children referred to the pediatric gastroenterology lab was observed to be 8 years. Out of 34 patients included in the experimental group the 15 were male and other 29 were female. Similarly, out of the 36 patients included in the control group the 16 were males and other 16 were females. The 24 months was observed as the mean duration of functional constipation. The 50% were experiencing hiccups in the experimental group, while 22% in the control group. The 75% patients in the control group suffering from chronic cough, while regurgitation was reported in other 72%. The 50% in the experimental group experienced belching. Coughing and regurgitation were seen in about 47% patients. Conclusion: The one of the most considered factors in treatment and monitoring of chronic constipation is functional gastrointestinal disorder. The symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux can be improved by treating chronic constipation.
Prevalence Of Hypothyroidism in Esrd Patients with Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Jameel Memon Haseeb , Das Bhagwan , Naveed Asma Naveed , Memon Rafia , Memon Sughand , Kumar Santosh
Published: July 2022

The kidney affects “the thyroid gland causing various derangements in its function whenever the kidney is impaired, even with a minor imperfection in its job, and this makes dialysis patients more prone to thyroid disorders with subsequent increase in mortality and morbidity. Objective: To determine the frequency of hypothyroidism in ESRD patients who are on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Nephrology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro”, upon a sample of 140 patients having age between 18 to 70 years presented with end stage renal disease with 3 months or more of maintenance hemodialysis were consecutively enrolled. Investigations was advised for TSH levels, T3, T4. The presence of hypothyroidism along with baseline and clinical characteristics were noted. Results: Of 140 patients, the mean age of the sample was 62.31± 9.78 years. Majority of the sample were males as compared to females, i.e., 93 (66.4%) and 47 (33.6%). History of thyroid disorder was observed in 83 (59.3%) patients. Comorbidity showed that type 2 diabetes mellitus was observed in 65 (46.4%) and hypertension in 77 (55%) patients. The mean TSH, T3 and T4 level was found to be 4.67± 0.20, 0.97± 0.37, and 5.33± 0.69 respectively. Frequency of hypothyroidism was found to be 53 (37.9%) patients. Conclusion: A considerably higher number of patients were presented with hypothyroidism in “ESRD patients who are on maintenance hemodialysis.
Frequency of Voice Changes during Covid-19 Infections: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shanem Janet , Sikander Ghayas Khan Muhammad , Azzam Khan Muhammad , Firdous Aayeshah , Hameed Sial Sadaf , Asmat Arooba , Majid Shabana , Khan Sabahat , Anwar Faridi Tallat
Published: July 2022

Communication is defined as the phenomenon found specifically in animal species. It was however refined and modified only by the human species. Language and speech are two basic areas that fall under the umbrella of communication. With these processes also comes the impending danger of abnormal speech and language, leading to the development of their disorders. Objectives: Reporting the frequency changes in the voice of patients who are positive of covid-19. Methods: Application of cross-section study type of retrospective nature was steered. Details were extracted from 2 trust hospitals of Lahore, UOL Teaching Hospital and Arif Memorial Hospital. Convenient based sample accumulation technique was applied for data assembly from subjects. The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) , was used for the evaluation of patient perceived voice changes. Results: Data of 379 patients of Covid-19 infection was compiled. Shaky and weak voice, unclear voice and change in voice observed at the end of the day were all highlighted as voice changes in subjects. Out of 379, 263 experience shaky and weak voice to some extent which meant 69.4% of the participants experienced this. 241 out of 379 experienced problems with voice clarity and complained about not being able to speak clearly, meaning 63.6% faced this issue. 242 experienced change of voice over the passage of time in entire day, indicating 63.9% experienced this. Conclusion: Weak voice or having a shaky voice, having voice that was not clear enough to be understood by others, and feeling a change is voice quality over the day were considered as pointers of voice change. collecting and analyzing the data, the investigation concluded that voice changes were observed in individuals during Covid-19 infection.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of hepatitis B and C infections in general population of Tehsil Arifwala
Authors: Ahmad Mahtab , Kamran Muhammad , Amin Haroon , Zafar Saba , Asghar Samra , Siddique Uswa , Khalid Aimen , Sarfraz Alia , Khurshid Mohsin , Ullah Irfan
Published: July 2022

According to the WHO, over 350 and 250 million individuals have been estimated as chronic carriers of HBV and HCV, worldwide. About 1.34 million deaths are attributed to HBV and HCV, globally. Objective: To estimate the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV-related hepatitis. Methods: For this purpose, a population of 300 individuals was screened for HBsAg and Anti-HCV antibodies. Data were collected from tested individuals included their age, gender, occupation. Prevalence of HBV and HCV was found at 10% and 14% respectively. Co-infection of both pathogens was observed in 1.33% of individuals. Male (18%) were more infected with these viruses as compared to females (6%). The highest percentage (75%) of HBV/HCV was in adult patients of age between 31-50 years. The various risk factor associated with the spread of viral hepatitis were also considered for a better understanding of the routes of spread of these viral infections. Results: Out of 300 screened individuals, 21% had a history of going through any dental procedure, followed by 17% with needle stick injuries. Only 7.6% of persons had a history of any blood transfusion. Conducting such type of seroprevalence studies can help the administration and health care authorities to take necessary control measures to minimize the chances of acquiring these infections by eliminating risk factors. Conclusion: Further, these surveillance studies can also play a significant role in the launch of vaccination programs in areas of high prevalence.
Importance Of Iron Deficiency in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Authors: Aslam Mehmil , Bashir Arfat , Abbas Zafar , Saad Ul Hassan Muhammad , Afridi Amna , Abbas Zaidi Syed Akbar
Published: July 2022

Aphtha is a Greek word for ulceration which is a common problem in dentistry for diagnosis and treatment. Objective: To assess serum levels of iron among patients with RAS and its comparison with the control group. Methods: The analysis involved 150 subjects alienated into 2 groups as a group with recurrence of aphthous ulcer and a control group. The 75 patients were encompassed in the control group and 70 in the aphthous ulcer matched for age and sex. Based on the history and clinical examination, the diagnosis of RAS was made. By ELISA test and ELX 800 Absorbance Microplate Reader tool, Serum ferritin was measured, while micro-lab 300 was used to evaluate serum hemoglobin and iron levels. Results: Grounded on standard values of laboratory investigations, serum levels of iron were suggestively lower in patients of RAS in comparison to the control group. Minor RAS type was observed in 71 patients (94.7%), while major RAS was reported in 4 patients (5.3%). Out of 75, 20% had multiple ulcers and 80% had a single ulcer. While RAS was localized in non-keratinized mucous membrane in 64 patients (85.3%), in 6 patients (8%); RAS was located in keratinized mucous membrane and both non-keratinized and keratinized mucosa were seen in 5 subjects (6. 7%). Conclusion: The presence of iron deficiency has been linked to recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Occupational Impact on The Respiratory Health & Function of Women, Working in The Glass Bangle Industry
Authors: Sattar Lakho Arshad , Gohar Abro Akbar , Hafeez Thebo Abdul , Kazi Khalil , Bashir Saba , Shahar Bano Ghulam
Published: July 2022

The International Labor Organization (ILO), “reiterate every year the concern of ever-increasing burden of occupational illnesses, especially among less empowered population in less developed countries such as Pakistan. One such industry is the bangle industry wherein women work in poor conditions and are exposed to various heavy metals, such as arsenic, lead, zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, cadmium, and selenium (used as coloring agents), putting their health at risk. Objective: To determine the respiratory health and function of women, working in the bangle industry. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study included a sample of 100 women, (selected using snowball sampling) working in the bangle industry in Southern Pakistan. The women were approached, and their respiratory function and oxygen saturation gauged using appropriate apparatus. The data was analyzed using SPSS. V. 21.0. Results: The mean values of various spirometric variables (FVC, FEV1, IMBC, and PEFR) were within normal range. However, FEV1/FVC% was reduced significantly (p < 0.001) among the study participants. Additionally, a high prevalence (26%) of respiratory impairment was noted. The respiratory impairment observed indicated primarily restrictive pattern of pulmonary abnormality (18%). The effect of the duration of exposure on the prevalence of respiratory impairment in the glass bangle industry was significant” (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Women employed in the glass bangle industry have poor respiratory health and continue to suffer from increasingly high levels of respiratory impairment.
Prevalence Of Cervicogenic Vertigo Among Patients with Cervical Spondylosis; A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Dastgir Hamza , Hashmi Ayma , Asghar Maria , Hanan Zafar Muhammad , Faizan Hamid Muhammad , Asma .
Published: July 2022

Cervical vertigo is a phrase used to describe to-and-fro vertigo and unsteadiness of gait caused by neck lesions. Cervicogenic dizziness is caused by cervical spine involvement. Cervical vertigo is caused by a variety of etiologies and processes. Objective: The study was to find Prevalence of Cervicogenic Vertigo Among Patients with Cervical Spondylosis. Methods: This study included 78 individuals who had a confirmed diagnosis of cervical spondylosis. Data was obtained from several hospitals in Lahore using a standardized vertigo questionnaire from all participants after clearance from the university ethics council and IRB UOL. Data was collected using a convenient sampling strategy. Results: Total of 78 people were selected in study. There were 45 men and 33 women among them. In this study, 65 people reported experiencing lightheadedness when dizzy, while 13 persons reported not experiencing lightheadedness when dizzy. In this study, 65 people reported experiencing blacking out when dizzy, whereas 13 persons reported not experiencing blacking out when dizzy. Conclusion: According to the findings of this investigation, cervicogenic vertigo is prevalent in senior individuals with cervical spondylosis.
Sonographic Evaluation of Fetal Complications in Gestational Diabetes During 3rd Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Hina Gull E , Murrium Syeda Khadija-Tul-Sughra , Gillani Syed Amir , Fatima Mehreen , Khalid Quratulain , Shahid Maham , Noraiz . , Sania Maryam , Talat Hafsa Talat , Suleman Taiba
Published: July 2022

Gestational Diabetes (GDM) is becoming more common everywhere around the globe. Objective: To sonographically assess the complications of gestational diabetes in fetuses associated with gestational diabetes during 3rd trimester of pregnancy Methods: A cross-sectional investigation has been carried out in Mother Care Hospital, Gujranwala. All subjects signed an informed consent form in written prior to ultrasound examination. 700 participants were enrolled in this study, among them 60(8.1%) pregnant women during 3rd trimester and at term diagnosed with GDM by glucose tolerance tests as diabetics. Patients were 29.5 years old on average, and the average Gestational age was 30.4 weeks. Estimated fetal weight was derived from ultrasound measures using the Hadlock2 equation. Patients were assessed for eligibility in inclusion criteria. Results: Out of a total of 700 women, 60(8.1%) were diagnosed as GDM and studied. Their minimum age was 21 years and maximum age was 40 years, the mean age was 32±4.04 years. Other studies have found that increasing maternal age is connected with an increase in the prevalence of GDM. Among the studied cases, most frequent complication was macrosomia 27(45%) and 12(20%) have no fetal complication by GDM. LGA 7(11.7%), polyhydramnios 5(8.3%), SGA and placental changes 3(5%), SGA 2(3.3%) and placental changes 2(3.3%) was evaluate. Conclusion: 8.1 percent of pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM. The majority of the ladies were beyond the age of 25 and had many children. Macrosomia and Polyhydramnios were the most prevalent fetal complications, hence caesarean surgery was a typical technique of birth.
Efficacy of Phloroglucinol vs Drotaverine Hydrochloride in Shortening in Primigravidae at Term the Active Phase of the First Stage of Labor
Authors: Shahid Maryam , Arif Nida , Hamid Iffat , Arif Sohaib , Naeem Ayesha
Published: July 2022

Primigravida women are those who conceive for the first time and are at high risk group for complications during childbirth Objective: To compare the effectiveness of phloroglucinol i/v and drotaverine hydrochloride by measurement of the 1st stage of labor in primigravidae. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was held in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital Sialkot and The Indus hospital QF-NST Campus Lahore for six-months duration from July to December 2021. Several factors were used to determine the inclusion of primigravida females, including age range of 20- 35 years, 38-42 weeks of gestational age at LMP with single pregnancy, Uterine contractions up to 3 cm if they occur at 3-4, 10 minutes before both drugs are given, ROM, no signs of fetal and maternal distress, patient in the first stage of labour. All of the cases were divided into two groups: A and B. Group 'A' received phloroglucinol 40mg (4ml) i/v at 4 cm dilation, and the dosage was repetitive at 8 cm dilation. At 4cm dilation, Group 'B' received drotaverine 40mg i/v. The essential signs including uterine contractions and fetal heart rate were monitored every half an hour. Results: 80 patients were included, with 56.3% of cases in Group-A group B has 43.7% cases being between the ages of 20-35 years. There was a significant improvement in the first stage of active labour ’mean duration in Groups A and B is 160.21±4.29 minutes and 203.77±8.21 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: The mean active length of the 1st stage of labour in the group of phloroglucinol was substantially shorter than in the drotaverine group
Prevalence of E. coli and Coliform bacteria in the Dental Unit Waterlines of Private Clinics of Islamabad and Rawalpindi
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad , Hamid Khan Arsalan , Musab Sheth Muhammad , Butt Shanzar , Shakeel Asadullah , Saboor Tariq Syed
Published: July 2022

Bacteria colonizing surfaces and forming biofilm in dental unit waterlines is a well-documented phenomenon. Pathogenic bacteria from contaminated dental unit water lines are transmitted with aerosols and splatter generated during dental procedures. Objective: To identify the presence of coliform bacteria and E. Coli in dental unit waterlines of private dental clinics in Islamabad and Rawalpindi to see whether they meet the criteria for drinking water. Methods: This is a quantitative study carried out on 30 active dental units. Triple syringe and handpiece outlet water samples were taken. Samples were evaluated by National Institute of Health (NIH) through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The cultures were incubated twice at 24 and 48 hours. The presence of coliform bacteria and E. coli in the samples was evaluated. Results: Approximately 20% of the samples were found to have coliform bacteria and E. coli. Some private dental clinics in Islamabad and Rawalpindi use dental unit waterlines that do not meet the criteria for drinking water. Conclusions: Dental unit water lines (DUWLs) must meet the set criteria for drinking water to reduce the risk of infections. Contamination with coliform bacteria and E. Coli were evident in some of the dental clinics. This contamination can be reduced by following Center for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines and using chemical treatment protocols for cleaning dental unit waterlines.
The introduction of a simulated thermoregulation intervention to improve very low birth weight infant initial admission temperatures in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Elgin Timothy G , Spellman Emily , Schmelzel Mendi , Colaizy Tarah T , Rabe Glenda , O′Connor Paul
Published: July 2022

Premature infant thermoregulation is a critical, yet challenging, component of neonatal resuscitation. Admission hypothermia is associated with multiple negative outcomes in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. This study assessed the effect of a thermoregulation-focused simulation intervention on VLBW infant’s initial admission temperatures within a level 4 neonatal intensive care unit.

Seven multidisciplinary simulations were run in 2018 involving multiple members of the neonatal resuscitation team and led by neonatal fellows. Admission temperatures, gestational age, birth weight, maternal chorioamnionitis, antenatal steroids, caesarian section rate and need for intubation during the initial resuscitation were compared from 2019, the year following the simulation intervention, to 2017, the year preceding the simulation. Simulation participant data were collected.

Admission temperatures in VLBW infants increased from 36.0°C in 2017 to 36.5°C in 2019 following the simulation intervention (

This study demonstrated that the initiation of a thermoregulation simulation intervention has the potential to improve VLBW infant admission temperatures and supports the benefits of simulation-based training.
AN INVESTIGATION OF NATIONAL UNITY BUILDING IN PRESIDENT GEORGE WEAH’S INAUGURAL SPEECH (2018): A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL APPROACH
Authors: SALAMI Amadou , Gbadebo Olouwafemi NONVIDE Mouhandou Issa , C. MASSEDE A. Florence
Published: July 2022

The inaugural ceremony of President George Manneh Weah made Liberia the focus of international attention as well as leading newspapers, television and radio stations across the globe. His speech has been described as one of the best inaugural orations in modern history; what values its exploration. Following the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theory, this study deals with national unity building through tenor variable and interpersonal meaning in the speech under consideration. It aims at exploring how interpersonal meaning is realised in this speech and at helping readers understand and evaluate the speech regarding its suitability. Both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used. The findings show that George Weah uses exclusively declarative and imperative moods in his speech and that the core messages conveyed through this are his gratitude, promises, and calling for National Unity for the building of this “New Liberia”
SOME SOLUTIONS TO KEEP AND PROMOTE THE SPIRIT OF PATRIOTISM FOR VIETNAMESE STUDENTS TODAY
Authors: Thi Hang MA. Nguyen , Thi Hue MA. Nguyen
Published: July 2022

The spirit of patriotism is the highest standard of morality and leading in the cultural and spiritual value system of the Vietnamese nation. Patriotism acts as a great endogenous motivation of the Vietnamese ethnic community, creating the unrivaled power in the resistance wars against foreign aggression and in the cause of building the country. Vietnamese youth in general and students in particular are the future generation of the country. Within the scope of the article, on the basis of the formation and development of Vietnam's national patriotic values, the authors raised the reality of patriotic education for students in order to give solutions to preserve and promote the spirit of patriotism for the Vietnamese students nowadays.
THEORETICAL VALUE IN HO CHI MINH'S TESTAMENT
Authors: Thi Lien Tran
Published: July 2022

President Ho Chi Minh - a hero of national liberation, a prominent cultural figure of the Vietnamese nation, devoted his life to the Vietnamese revolution. Although more than fifty years have passed, Uncle Ho's thoughts have still been the torch illuminating the revolutionary cause of the Vietnamese nation. In Ho Chi Minh's ideology, his moral thought holds a particularly important position in the revolutionary cause of our nation. In this paper, the author focuses on analyzing some theoretical values in Ho Chi Minh's testament.