bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wirksamkeit, Moderatoren und Mediatoren manualisierter
familienbasierter Therapie bei Jugendlichen mit Essstörungen: Eine
systematische Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Schlegl Sandra , Voderholzer Ulrich , Maier Julia , Naab Silke , Lock James
Published: August 2019

Familienbasierte Therapie (FBT) ist derzeit die Therapie bei Jugendlichen mit
Essstörungen mit der höchsten Evidenz. Ziel der
Übersichtsarbeit ist es, die bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse
hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit der manualisierten FBT nach Lock und Le Grange
zusammenzufassen sowie Moderatoren und Mediatoren darzustellen. In 5
randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien (engl. randomised controlled trial, RCT) bei
Anorexia nervosa (N=560) zeigten sich Remissionsraten zwischen
21,2–42% am Ende der Behandlung, zwischen
21,8–40% bei der 6-Monats-Katamnese und zwischen
29–49% bei der 12-Monats-Katamnese. Die Remissionsraten bei
Bulimia nervosa (2 RCTs, N=210) lagen bei 39% bzw.
29–44% bzw. 49%. Wünschenswert wären
Replikationen der Ergebnisse durch unabhängige Arbeitsgruppen und in
anderen Ländern. Es wäre zudem interessant, FBT im Vergleich zur
Kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie sowie zur tiefenpsychologisch fundierten Therapie
zu untersuchen und weitere Strategien für Non-Responder zu
explorieren.
C-Reactive Protein Serum Levels as an Internal Load Indicator of Sprints in Competitive Football Matches
Authors: Jatene Pedro , dos Santos Gustavo Silva , Portella Daniel Leite
Published: August 2019

This study compared internal load variable dynamics across three consecutive football matches and investigated its relationship with the number of sprints performed by players. Twenty-three male players had blood and salivary samples collected for hormonal concentration (testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone-cortisol ratio), and serum analysis (interleukin-6, interleukin-1-beta, and c-reactive-protein), respectively. Sprints were measured through Global Position System devices. Testosterone and testosterone-cortisol-ratio presented a decreasing behavior up to the second match, and all other indicators presented an increasing behavior during the same period, c-reactive-protein was the only indicator observed to significantly rise up to the third match as well (0.38±0.02 mg/L; 0.49±0.05 mg/L; 0.69±0.05 mg/L; 0.89±0.08 mg/L). C-reactive-protein showed strong correlations with sprints in the second and third matches (p<0.01, r=0.71 and 0.79), and weak-to-moderate in the first one (p<0.05, r=0.59). Interleukin-6 and interleukin-1-beta presented weak-to-moderate correlation in every match (p<0.05, r=0.48 to 0.51; r=0.51 to 0.55) while testosterone-cortisol ratio presented weak-to-moderate correlation only in the third one (p<0.05, r=0.42). Multilevel linear regression showed that c-reactive-protein had a higher R2 than other biomarker in any regression model (R2=0.624; p<0.001). Therefore, c-reactive-protein can be a valid and reliable indicator of sprinting in competitive football. Future research should explore longer periods of monitoring and/or others external load variables so that other behaviors may arise to knowledge.
Suspended Push-up Training Augments Size of not only Upper Limb but also Abdominal Muscles
Authors: Kohiruimaki Ren , Maeo Sumiaki , Kanehisa Hiroaki
Published: August 2019

We investigated the effects of sling-based, suspended push-up training on muscle size and function of upper limb and abdominal muscles. Eight men conducted suspended push-ups to failure 3 sets/session, 3 sessions/week, for 8 weeks. The maximum number of push-ups during training gradually and significantly increased from the first to last training session (+92%), suggesting improved muscle endurance. After the training, muscle thickness of the elbow extensors (+16%) and flexors (+3%), as well as abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis: RA,+27%; external oblique: EO,+14%) significantly increased. No changes occurred in maximum isometric strength of elbow extension or flexion, nor in 1-repetition maximum bench press. In a follow-up experiment, electromyograms (EMGs) of RA, EO and internal oblique (IO) during suspended push-ups to failure were measured and normalized to those during maximum voluntary contraction of each muscle (% EMGmvc) in six men. EMG significantly increased when reaching failure in all muscles (RA: 46–88%, EO: 32–50%, IO: 19–52%, start-end), and was particularly high in RA. These results suggest that suspended push-up training can augment size of not only upper limb but also abdominal muscles, likely attributable to high muscle activities during exercise; however, this does not necessarily improve maximum strength after training thus warrants careful interpretation/application.
Intracranial Acute Subdural Hematoma Following Spinal Anesthesia: Our Experience with Six Patients
Authors: Elshanawany Ahmed M. , Wahab Amani Hassan Abdel
Published: August 2019

Objective To describe our experience with the occurrence of intracranial acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) following spinal anesthesia.

Patients and Methods We reviewed our records from 2010 to 2017 to detect cases of nontraumatic ASDH following spinal anesthesia. All cases were analyzed for the etiological factors, time lag between the procedure and hematoma diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.

Results Of 329 cases of nontraumatic ASDH, we identified 6 patients whose spontaneous ASDH developed following spinal anesthesia. All our patients were obstetrical and received spinal anesthesia for delivery. Patient ages ranged from 21 to 34 years. Two patients presented with deterioration of consciousness a few hours after delivery. Three patients presented with persistent headache and lethargy days after delivery. One patient presented 3 days after delivery with severe deterioration of consciousness. All patients had undergone surgical evacuation of a hematoma. Five patients recovered and one patient died 2 days after surgery. Records showed none of the six patients had coagulopathy or any other blood disorder.

Conclusion Although uncommon, intracranial ASDH should be considered in patients following spinal anesthesia, especially those with a prolonged headache after the procedure.
Uma comparação entre incisões oblíquas e verticais na coleta do tendão dos isquiotibiais na reconstrução do LCA e na lesão do ramo infrapatelar do nervo safeno
Authors: Keyhani Sohrab , Kazemi Seyyed Morteza , Sajjadi Mohammadreza Minator , Elmi Asghar
Published: August 2019

Objetivo O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar as incisões oblíquas e verticais na coleta dos tendões dos isquiotibiais na reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) e na lesão do ramo infrapatelar do nervo safeno.

Métodos O presente estudo foi realizado em um centro de referência terciário por 12 meses. Pacientes com indicação de reconstrução de uma ruptura do LCA foram incluídos no estudo, os quais foram randomizados em dois grupos (vertical [GV] e oblíquo [GO]). Após a exclusão de alguns casos, 92 pacientes foram elegíveis para análise posterior (GV: n= 44; GO: n = 48). Eles foram acompanhados por 9 meses após a cirurgia, e a perda de sensibilidade sobre o joelho e sobre o aspecto proximal da perna operada foi registrado.

Resultados Os comprimentos médios da incisão foram de 27 mm e 38 mm para os grupos GO e GV, respectivamente. A taxa total de hipoestesia foi de 40% (27 pacientes). Um total de 12 (25%) e de 25 pacientes (56,8%) dos grupos GO e GV, respectivamente, relataram sintomas de hipoestesia. A presença de hipoestesia em pacientes no grupo GV foi duas vezes maior do que no grupo GO. Não foi observada correlação estatística entre a lesão do nervo e idade, gênero, escolaridade e demora entre a lesão e a reconstrução.

Conclusão A incisão oblíqua, que apresentou menor risco de lesão nervosa, pode ser mais recomendada para a coleta do enxerto. Pacientes submetidos à reconstrução do LCA no grupo GO tiveram menor incidência de hipoestesia peri-incisional quando comparados aos pacientes do grupo GV.
Inhalational Isoflurane Sedation in Patients with Decompressive Craniectomy Suffering from Severe Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Series
Authors: Lehmann Felix , Müller Marcus , Zimmermann Julian , Güresir Ági , Lehmann Victoria , Putensen Christian , Vatter Hartmut , Güresir Erdem
Published: August 2019

Background Severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may lead to the necessity of decompressive craniectomy (DC) to treat refractory elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). In some patients, adequate deep sedation, as one part of conservative treatment, cannot be achieved. Recent investigations suggest that inhalative sedation might not be as detrimental as considered before, and therefore a treatment option.

Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of seven patients was performed who suffered from aneurysmal SAH (Hunt-Hess grade 3–5, Fisher's score 3) and underwent DC due to a critically elevated ICP. In these patients, the target sedation level could not be achieved even with high doses of intravenous sedatives. Thus, the sedative regimen was switched to inhaled anesthesia with isoflurane. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), levels of vasopressors, and respiratory parameters were analyzed.

Results Deep sedation (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale [RASS] −5, mean–fractional end-expiratory gas concentration [mean-Fet] 0.78%) was rapidly achieved in all patients after commencing general anesthesia with isoflurane. ICP remained stable when comparing 1 hour before the onset of isoflurane sedation (1) with 6 (2), and 12 hours (3) after commencing isoflurane anesthesia (mean ICP [1] 13.83 mm Hg; [2] 12.57 mm Hg; [3] 11.14 mm Hg). The mean duration of application was 9 (± 4) days. CPP could be maintained above 70 mm Hg without the need for extended vasopressor usage.

Conclusion In a setting of severe SAH and critically elevated ICP with the need for aggressive multimodal therapy, isoflurane was safely applied in those patients. Our sedation goal was rapidly achieved and critical rise in ICP was not observed. Further investigations are required to demonstrate that inhaled anesthesia with isoflurane can be a promising alternative option, as this drug has better controllable pharmacokinetics, no clinically relevant accumulation of the drug itself, and potential neuroprotective effects (so far reported in different animal models).
Fibrin-VLDL Receptor-Dependent Pathway Promotes Leukocyte Transmigration by Inhibiting Src Kinase Fyn and is a Target for Fibrin β15-42 Peptide
Authors: Yakovlev Sergiy , Cao Chunzhang , Galisteo Rebeca , Zhang Li , Strickland Dudley K. , Medved Leonid
Published: August 2019

According to the current view, binding of fibrin degradation product E1 fragment to endothelial VE-cadherin promotes transendothelial migration of leukocytes and thereby inflammation, and fibrin-derived β15–42 peptide reduces leukocyte transmigration by competing with E1 for binding to VE-cadherin and, in addition, by signaling through Src kinase Fyn. However, the very low affinity of β15–42 to VE-cadherin raised a question about its ability to inhibit E1–VE-cadherin interaction. Further, our previous study revealed that fibrin promotes leukocyte transmigration through the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor (VLDLR)-dependent pathway and suggested a possible link between the inhibitory properties of β15–42 and this pathway. To test such a link and the proposed inhibitory mechanisms for β15–42, we performed in vitro experiments using surface plasmon resonance, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and leukocyte transendothelial migration assay, and in vivo studies with wild-type and VLDLR-deficient mice using mouse model of peritonitis. The experiments revealed that β15–42 cannot inhibit E1–VE-cadherin interaction at the concentrations used in the previous in vivo studies leaving the proposed Fyn-dependent signaling mechanism as a viable explanation for the inhibitory effect of β15–42. While testing this mechanism, we confirmed that Fyn plays a critical role in controlling fibrin-induced transendothelial migration of leukocytes and found that signaling through the VLDLR-dependent pathway results in inhibition of Fyn, thereby increasing leukocyte transmigration. Furthermore, our in vivo experiments revealed that β15–42 inhibits this pathway, thereby preventing inhibition of Fyn and reducing leukocyte transmigration. Thus, this study clarifies the molecular mechanism underlying the VLDLR-dependent pathway of leukocyte transmigration and reveals that this pathway is a target for β15–42.
Competing phases in epitaxial vanadium dioxide at nanoscale
Authors: Sharma Yogesh , Holt Martin V. , Laanait Nouamane , Gao Xiang , Ivanov Ilia N. , Collins Liam , Sohn Changhee , Liao Zhaoliang , Skoropata Elizabeth , Kalinin Sergei V. , Balke Nina , Eres Gyula , Ward Thomas Z. , Lee Ho Nyung
Published: August 2019

Phase competition in correlated oxides offers tantalizing opportunities as many intriguing physical phenomena occur near the phase transitions. Owing to a sharp metal-insulator transition (MIT) near room temperature, the correlated vanadium dioxide (VO2) exhibits a strong competition between insulating and metallic phases, which is important for practical applications. However, the phase boundary undergoes a strong modification when strain is involved, yielding complex phase transitions. Here, we report the emergence of nanoscale M2 phase domains in VO2 epitaxial films under anisotropic strain relaxation. The competing phases of the films are imaged by multilength-scale probes, detecting the structural and electrical properties in individual local domains. Competing evolution of the M1 and M2 phases indicates the critical role of lattice-strain on both the stability of the M2 Mott phase and the energetics of the MIT in VO2 films. This study demonstrates how strain engineering can be utilized to design phase states, which allow deliberate control of MIT behavior at the nanoscale in epitaxial VO2 films.
Pattern recognition in tornado-like vortices at different swirl ratios
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: August 2019

A new paper examines the dynamic structure of tornado-like vortices at different swirl ratios using a novel dynamic principal component analysis technique.
Dietary supplementation of a high-temperature-processed green tea extract attenuates cognitive impairment in PS2 and Tg2576 mice
Authors: Kim Juewon , Funayama Shinichiro , Izuo Naotaka , Shimizu Takahiko
Published: August 2019

Green tea intake is generally recognized as an effective supplement that promotes mental clarity and cognitive function. These health benefits of green tea have been attributed mainly to its effective component, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Because various catechin derivatives potently enhance these health benefits, we manipulated the extraction process with a high-temperature intervention. High-temperature-processed green tea extract (HTP-GTE) showed an elevated proportion of gallocatechin gallate (GCG) content. To investigate the preventive effects of HTP-GTE on cognitive decline, we found its neuroprotective effects against amyloid β (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity in neurons and clarified that GCG significantly inhibited Aβ aggregation in vitro. Moreover, we showed that HTP-GTE intake attenuated several cognitive-decline phenotypes in a model mouse of Alzheimer’s disease. These beneficial effects of HTP-GTE against cognitive decline were due to the distinctive composition of the extract and suggest the possibility that HTP-GTE supplementation could attenuate cognitive decline of Alzheimer’s disease.
Dosimetry challenges and opportunities in modern radiation therapy
Authors: Low D A
Published: August 2019

Modern radiation therapy (RT) includes conformal therapy, intensity modulated radiation therapy, proton therapy, image-guided radiation therapy, adaptive radiation therapy (ART), and recently magnetic-resonance guided radiation therapy and, upcoming, 4π radiation therapy. These techniques show the continual increase in complexity of radiation therapy techniques which, coupled with a stagnant medical physics workforce, means that the amount and complexity of work per physicist has increased and is likely to increase in the foreseeable future. Three distinct challenges can be identified that need to be addressed. First, is the recent commercial development of automated multi-metastases stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) techniques. These techniques plan and irradiate a number (up to approximately 20) brain lesions in one treatment session, typically employing one isocenter. The spatial accuracy specifications for SRS imply that attention to the angular accuracy is more critical for these treatments than conventional SRS or other treatment methods. In parallel, our and other groups are developing 4π techniques, which is a proposed method for optimizing both beam angles and intensity fluence to provide x-ray based dose distributions with unparalleled compactness and conformality. One cost to deliver these dose distributions is the added requirement to not only rotate the couch but also shift the couch to increase the number of available beam angles. These two techniques will require efficient and quantitative dose distribution measurements of relatively large volumes for, at least, end to end testing of multi-metastases and 4π treatments. Finally, magnetic resonance guided radiation therapy has led to a resurgence in the development of on-table ART, which requires that the medical physicist compare two calculated treatment plans and efficiently and effectively determine if differences between those treatment plans are clinically significant. Modifying and improving existing tools will be critical to the safe and effective on-table ART.
Radiotherapy in the presence of magnetic fields: a brief review of detector response characteristics and the contribution of 3-D measurements to the study of dose distributions at interfaces
Authors: Doran Simon J
Published: August 2019

The combination of MRI and radiotherapy on a single platform has the potential to revolutionise image-guided delivery of radiation doses. However, in order to realise these ambitions, good dosimetry must be available. The electron return effect gives rise to significant perturbations of dose at interfaces between tissue and air within the body, and this might lead to difficulties in dose compensation if air cavities move during treatment. In this article, I review briefly the ways in which the available methods of dosimetry are affected by the presence of magnetic fields and discuss the contribution that three-dimensional measurements can make to studies in this area. The methods of MRI and optical computed tomography have well known issues in imaging close to interfaces. These are described together with progress so far in providing solutions.
4D scintillation dosimetry for the MRI-linac: proof of concept
Authors: Brůža P , Gladstone D , Cammin J , Green O , Pogue B W
Published: August 2019

A new method of time-resolved volumetric (4D) dosimetry combining transversal projected view scintillation imaging with the multi-leaf collimator (MLC) geometry information is presented and demonstrated in a magnetic resonance (MRI) guided linear accelerator (linac). The setup consisted of a time gated intensified camera and a cylindrical plastic scintillator phantom. Positioning the camera outside the 0.35 T magnetic field suppresses the interference between the MRI-linac and dosimeter camera. Transversal view images of the scintillation light were recorded at 20 Hz framerate and the light distribution along optical axis was decoded from the MLC data by Fourier algorithm. Considering scintillation light as dose surrogate, the dose volume was reconstructed with sub-millimeter resolution, and this was tested on an intensity modulated delivery of a TG119 C-shape plan. 3D gamma analysis of the recorded cumulative dose volume as compared to a Monte-Carlo simulation reported 95% pass rate at 3%/3mm criteria. By enabling the use of measurement-based 3D beam comparison metrics, the presented method may provide a comprehensive solution for volumetric end-to-end dosimetry and fast machine performance checks in this challenging environment of an MRI-linac.
Verification of stereotactic cranial radiotherapy treatments with MR-based gel dosimeters: practical aspects
Authors: Costa Filipa , Kousi Evanthia , Gasnier Anne , Wells Emma , Lamb Caroline , Schmidt Maria A , Moore Rollo
Published: August 2019

Image Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT) systems allow delivering high doses of radiation to a tumour with great precision and accuracy. In this work, we use patient-specific head MR-based gel dosimeters as an end-to-end test to commission IGRT delivery systems, for stereotactic cranial radiotherapy, and investigate possible sources of errors associated with practical aspects of the measurements. A CT scan of a patient is used to 3D print the shape of the cranial bones to create head phantoms with MR-based gel inside. Each phantom was used as a patient, following the radiotherapy workflow which includes: taking a CT scan of the phantom, calculating the dose distribution using a treatment planning system (TPS) and delivering the radiation calculated by the TPS (to target three different lesions: Big, Medium and Small). Each phantom was then scanned on an MR scanner to obtain a T2 map (linear with dose), which was then rigidly registered with the CT scan of the phantom based on the phantom structures. Good agreement was obtained between the normalized R2 (=1/T2) values and TPS simulations. The relationship between R2 values and dose was investigated based on 3D regions including each lesion. Good linearity was found, but different R2-dose values relationship was obtained depending on the selected regions. The impact of applying a registration based on each lesion (and not the phantom structures) was also tested. Results show that the registration has an impact on the relationship between R2 values and dose, and although absolute dose measurements are still not possible with these MR-based gel dosimeters, they provide very detailed geometrical 3D information to validate IGRT radiotherapy treatments with high level of accuracy.
An Investigation of dosimetric accuracy of a novel PRESAGE radiochromic sheet and its clinical applications
Authors: Wang Yi-Fang , Liu Kevin , Adamovics John , Wuu Cheng-Shie
Published: August 2019

A novel radiochromic PRESAGE sheet (Heuris Inc.) with variable thickness of 1-3 mm has been developed to provide 2D dosimetry. It can also be used for patient surface dosimetry or as a tool for patient-specific QA (PSQA) in 3D dosimetry. Its softness and flexibility to conform with the patient’s skin make this product advantageous for future clinical applications. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the PRESAGE sheet’s dosimetric accuracy at different scanning times and its potential use for clinical applications. For the characterization of the dosimeter, temporal stability of dose rate, energy dependence, dose linearity, beam profile, and dose distribution measurements were investigated by irradiating a single sheet of PRESAGE with different doses and energies while scanning the sheet with an Epson 11000XL high-resolution scanner at different time intervals following its irradiation. Additionally, two clinical applications, including PSQA and surface dose measurement, were conducted and were compared to dosimeters currently used for clinical applications. For QA measurement, a stack of PRESAGE sheets, with EBT3 films sandwiched in-between, was used to measure the dose distribution of a pancreas SBRT treatment plan at different depths. For surface dose measurement, PRESAGE sheets, EBT3 films, and OSLDs were placed on the surface of an anthropomorphic phantom to measure the skin dose of a modulated treatment fields. When the stack of PRESAGE sheets were scanned within a period of two hours following its irradiation, the dosimeter exhibits a stable linear response to dose with negligible dose rate and energy dependence. In addition to its temporal stability, the dosimeter can provide accurate relative dose measurements comparable to those exhibited by EBT3 films. In the application of PSQA, when compared with EBT3 films using gamma test with a 2%/2 mm criteria, PRESAGE sheets have a passing rate of 99.7% measured at the isocenter and 99.1% in application of surface dose measurements. This study demosntrates the dosimetric characteristics and the potential use of a novel dosimeter, PRESAGE sheets.
Iodine contrast nPAG for radiologically visible target region in deformable dosimeters
Authors: Watson C J , Yeo A U , Supple J R , Geso M , Kron T , Franich R D
Published: August 2019

The utility of gel dosimeters is sought to be improved upon in this study which proposes a target region of different X-ray CT contrast that is dose sensitive. The changes in the physico-chemical makeup of nPAG caused by the addition of the X-ray imaging Iodine based contrast agent Isovue are explored. The impact of this change on dose measurements is also discussed. The increase in HU as it correlates with increasing Isovue concentration is detailed, along with the dosimetric changes that occur, namely the steepness of the dose response curve and general shape of the percentage depth dose curve. It is noted that diffusion of Isovue from one gel region to another has significant dosimetric impact and the experimental method was constructed and conducted with this in mind. Further refinement and optimisation of the Isovue nPAG formulation will lead to a target region dosimeter that can be contoured on X-ray CT and used in the improvement of planning protocols, especially in cases that involve motion and deformation of target volumes.
Characteristics of popular photon beam collimators
Authors: Li Shidong
Published: August 2019

Purpose: To compare the physical and dosimetric aspects of radiation beam collimation systems that may affect the stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy of small lesions. Methods: Gamma knife (GK) cones, Cyber-knife Iris/InCise collimators, popular Varian and Elekta multi-leaf collimators (MLCs) were theoretically analyzed. Leaf-edge effects (Inter- and intra-leaf leakages, field penumbras, and dosimetric leaf gap - DLG) and transmission through some collimators were measured with ion chambers and films in phantoms and electronic portal imagers in an extended distance. GK plans and IMRT/VMAT plans were generated for ten patients and conformity index (CI) and dose drop (DD) from target to 5-mm ring were compared. Results: New MLCs have improved field shaping conformity, reduced transmission but not field penumbra and DLG. The measured DLG changed with time of usage and varied across the field. GK plans had better CI and DD for small lesions of < 1 cm while MLC-based VMAT/IMRT plans improved CI for large lesions of > 2 cm. Conclusions: New thinner and taller MLCs have improved the field shaping conformity and transmission but not leaf edge effects. Cone-based irradiation is still the best to small lesions of < 1 cm while VMAT/IMRT using new MLCs provide more conformal dose to irregular target usually with size of > 2 cm.
EPID-based linear accelerator benchmarking using pixel sensitivity map
Authors: Sun Baozhou , Goddu Sreekrishna M. , Mutic Sasa , Cai Bin
Published: August 2019

Conventional verification of linac performance is conducted by measuring percent depth dose (PDD) as well as beam profiles in a water tank, which is labor intensive and requires expensive beam scanning equipment. We present a novel method to benchmark the linac beam characteristics using pixel sensitivity map (PSM) corrected EPID images and to evaluate the feasibility of EPID-based beam benchmarking. A novel approach was developed to generate a two-dimensional (2D) PSM for EPIDs utilizing an alternating beam and dark-field image acquisition technique. The calculated PSM based on a recursive calculation algorithm was used to correct EPID pixel response. The acceptability of a benchmarked beam is based on its profiles being within predetermined tolerances. The PSM-corrected open field EPID images were compared for three photon energies (6 MV, 10 MV and 6FFF) between three TrueBeam and one Edge linacs with aS1200 imaging panels. The output factors were measured with EPID from 2×2 cm2to 40×40 cm2. The differences in beam profiles and output factors from EPID were evaluated. The four dosimetrically similar linacs with less than 1% variation in PDD, profiles and output factors measured in water scans showed excellent agreement in the EPID profile measurements. The 1D Gamma of the PSM-corrected profiles between any two linacs showed 100% passing rate for 6 MV and 6 FFF and >97% for 10 MV with 1mm/1% criteria. The maximum difference of output factors was 0.18% among all the measurements except for 2×2 cm2with 0.6% difference. By preserving the beam dosimetry information, the PSM-corrected EPID images enable the possibility of validating the beam data of linac dosimetry and benchmarking linac performance with the common EPID detector.
Comprehensive analysis of formation and extraction of the forest resource rent of the region
Authors: Tulokhonov A K , Puntsukova S D , Eniseev M P
Published: August 2019

The article shows the role and place of forest resource potential of the region in the structure of forest rent and the fiscal system. The results of the analysis showed that the region’s forest resource potential is quite high, and the forest income, calculated on the basis of rent, in contrast to the actual income at the established fee rates, ensures the financial needs of the republic’s forestry. It has been established that the gap between the incomes of forest revenues to the budgets of different levels has increased in recent years: to the federal budget - growing, to the republican budget - decreasing. The study of the mechanism for the extraction and distribution of forest rent in the region allows us to conclude that it is necessary to intensify regional powers in the field of taxation of the regional part of the payment for standing timber, which are legally within the competence of the region, to replenish their own income. It was concluded that the rent taxation of forest resources would make it possible to increase the efficiency of the existing budget system, since, due to its absence, the budget does not receive enough of the significant financial resources.
Ecological and economic development trends of the regions
Authors: Bardakhanova T B , Eremko Z S
Published: August 2019

The current status of regional development is characterized by number of problems, associated with the depletion of natural resources and environmental pollution, that requires the development of green growth strategies. The measures to be taken should be differentiated depending on economic and ecological conditions of regions and their peculiarities. This article proposes a methodological approach to conducting a comprehensive assessment of ecological and economic development of regions. The approach is based on building a matrix of economic and ecological development of regions (a matrix summarizes the changes of numerous environmental and economic indicators, including environmental investments and current expenditures, as well as the main indicators of economic development of various regions). Approbation of the methodological approach was carried out using data on 80 regions of Russia. This approach can be used to assess the effectiveness of environmental and economic integration of transboundary regions, characterized by complex and conflicting environmental and economic interactions.
Integrated development of small areas: (case study of Ulan-Ude)
Authors: Motoshkina M A , Shirapova S D
Published: August 2019

The territories around the cities transform and develop unevenly. In the eastern part of Russia, the high intensity of transformation processes can be observed, which is conditioned by numerous specific features, such as history of settlement, geographical location, difficult natural and climatic conditions, remoteness from the economic core of European Russia, etc. [3]. In the paper a brief analysis of the territory and natural conditions of the city of Ulan-Ude and the analysis of the development of urban areas have been carried out. The most effective use of perspective free or half-ruined territories by the formation of new rural settlements and construction on agricultural and industrial lands has been revealed. Primary and secondary geographical factors of development of small territories are briefly considered on the example of Ulan-Ude and its suburban area.
Specific features of the use of water resources on the model territories of Russia, Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan in the zone of influence of the Silk and the Tea Roads
Authors: Ts-D Zhamyanov D , Gomboev B O , Ulzetueva I D , Banzaraktsaev Z E
Published: August 2019

Currently, there are a number of major subcontinental and ocean projects on the continental territory of Eurasia and the oceanic area adjacent to it, among which are the Belt and Road Initiative and “Northeast Passage” and “Greater Eurasia” projects. The most actively implemented today, at least in the geopolitical and research contexts, is the Belt and Road megaproject, geographically tied to the Silk Road in its various versions. The Tea Route also falls into the zone of influence of the Silk Road. A common geographical feature of the countries of Greater Eurasia, geographically tied to these land transport corridors, is the unique ultra-continental position of their inner territories, which include a number of subjects of Russia, Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan.
The routes of the Mongolian economic corridor: development prospects, transport and logistics constraints
Authors: Andreev A B , Makarov A V
Published: August 2019

The article discusses the transport and logistics restrictions of the economic corridor China – Mongolia – Russia, the prospects for trade and economic cooperation. The analysis of foreign trade and investment cooperation of Mongolia is carried out. The main directions of improving the transport and logistics system of Buryatia are highlighted.
Estimation for forest biomass and coverage using Satellite data in small scale area, Mongolia
Authors: Norovsuren Bayanmunkh , Tseveen Batchuluun , Batomunkuev Valentin , Renchin Tsolmon
Published: August 2019

The estimation of forest biomass using satellite data has received increasing attention for several reason in Mongolia. Since forest in Mongolia is decreasing and it is important to estimate forest resources using satellite data. This research aims to apply recently launched Sentinel-1B Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) C-band and optical Sentinel-2B satellite data for estimation forest biomass and coverage and develop model for the study area. The study area is small scale forestry area named by Khanbuyan community, Bulgan province is situated in the Northern part of Mongolia. Boreal and montane forest belts of larch is dominated in this area. Sentinel-1B was used for estimation forest biomass and multispectral bands of Sentinel-2B applied for forest classification map. We used regression analysis to develop the model using Sentinel-1B and Sentinel-2B VV and VH polarizations for Sentinel-1B and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for Sentinel-2B were applied in this research. Ground truth data was collected in July 2016 and September 2016 for forest coverage and biomass measurements. NDVI and backscatter coefficients for polarizations VV and VH of Sentinel-1B 2016 were related to ground truth biomass for modeling. Comparison of the model and ground truth measurements for above ground biomass have a good agreement.
Distinctive features of heavy metals’ accumulation in coniferous trees in Buryatia, Russia
Authors: Erdyneeva S A , Shiretorova V G , Radnaeva L D
Published: August 2019

Coniferous plants are very sensitive to atmospheric pollutants and frequently are used as environment pollution bioindicators. The purpose of this study was to define features of heavy metals (HM) accumulation by conifer needles from forest-forming tree species growing in Buryatia: Pinus sylvestris, Pinus pumila, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata, Abies sibirica. The samples elements content was determined by ICP AES method after acid decomposition in microwave system MARS 6. HM accumulation rows showed similar trends for different tree species. The maximum content was determined for manganese in all needles samples, except Pinus sylvestris, growing around Ulan-Ude. It is shown that there is a difference in HM accumulation between conifer species due to their biological features. The variation coefficient of heavy metals in conifer needles were calculated, Zn, Ni, Hg exposed highest level of variation. Industrial pollution caused the significant changes in the needles elemental composition – it is observed the growth of Fe, Zn and lowering of Mn content in Pinus sylvestris needles growing around Ulan-Ude. The accumulation of HM by conifer needles growing in Buryatia was higher than the average terrestrial vegetation element contents that might be related with the forest fires.
Ecological and geomorphological assessment in the structure of natural potential for the Russian coast of the Azov Sea
Authors: Ivliyeva O V , Kushnir K V
Published: August 2019

Morphological attractiveness of the Azov Sea beaches is determined, analysis of the beach area pollution is carried out, the most favorable territories for the recreational development are marked out. They include the northern coast of the Kerch peninsula, eastern coast of the Sea from Taman to Temernyuk, Dolzhansk and Eask spits and Taganrog gulf spits.
Prospects for the use of non-metallic construction materials in the Republic of Buryatia
Authors: Dmitrieva N G
Published: August 2019

This article gives a brief description of the deposits and occurrences of various types of mineral building raw materials in the area of the formation of the Eravninsky ore district. The prospects for the use of non - metallic construction materials for the implementation of large investment projects based on the use of a rich raw material base of the region are considered.
Geoecological assessment of the Vilyuy river state under technogenic impact conditions of the diamond mining industry
Authors: Ksenofontova M I , Danilov P P , Popova A G , Gabysheva A A , Kanaeva A N
Published: August 2019

The article presents the preliminary results of the study of surface waters and bottom sediments of the rivers Irelyakh, Malaya Botuobiya and Vilyuy after the technological accident in August 2018. In general, after the accident burst of the dredging site on the Irelyakh deterioration of water quality in the Vilyuy by organoleptic characteristics (chromaticity up to 20 MPC, turbidity up to 61 MPC), as well as the most important indicators such as BOD5 (up to 3.9 MPC) and COD (4.5 MPCvr, 2.2 MPC) is detected. High concentrations of suspended solids, turbidity and chromaticity are observed in the channel of the Vilyuy below the mouth of the Markha in the period 02-03 September 2018, where the bulk of the polluted water passed. In the trace element composition of water, the main pollutants are total iron (up to 22 TLV f.w., 7.5 MACw), manganese (up to 12.6 TLV f.w.), aluminum (up to 32.3 TLV f.w., 6.5 MACw) and copper (up to 37 TLV f.w.)
The experience of developing large-scale geobotanical maps based on field and remote sensing data
Authors: Zharnikova M A , Alymbaeva Zh B , Sodnomov B V , Ayurzhanaev A A
Published: August 2019

The article discusses the experience of compiling large-scale vegetation maps, the advantages of using aerial photography data from a radio-controlled unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and the technology of geo-information systems in combination with ground-based traditional geobotanical mapping methods. The use of remote sensing data is one of the ways to quickly obtain data for vegetation mapping. Currently this method is actively used and developed. However, satellite data has several disadvantages. The use of UAV is a promising direction for timely and cost-effective environmental monitoring. Using the aerial photo obtained in this way, it is possible, on the one hand, to trace the dynamics of vegetation during one season, and on the other, to identify and map both different plant communities and populations of individual species that do not coincide in the phenological phase of development with each other. The aim of the study was to reflect the heterogeneity of vegetation cover on a detailed geobotanical map in a simple way, which will act as the basis for further research. The map constructed by the described method is the most objective reflection of the state of the vegetation cover.
Vegetation cover dynamics of Russia and Mongolia border territories
Authors: Sodnomov B V , Ayurzhanaev A A , Tsydypov B Z , Zharnikova M A , Batomunkuev V S , Zh Garmaev E
Published: August 2019

Desertification is one of the most complex environmental problems in the Central Asian region. In addition to climatic factors affecting land degradation, in the border territories of Russia and Mongolia the intensification of desertification processes is influenced by human activities. A cartographic analysis of meteorological parameters, as well as vegetation state and dynamics spatial distribution based on the NDVI, was carried out. Dry zones occupy 65% of the area of Russia-Mongolia border territories. The prevailing climate zone is a semi-arid. The features of the dynamics of vegetation in the wet (1982-1999) and drought (2000-2015) periods are revealed. In the period from 1982 to 2015 a positive trend of NDVI is observed for 78% of the border areas and negative is for 22%. During the wet period the area of negative trends for both Russia and Mongolia amount 1.5% of the territory, primarily due to deforestation. The drought period is characterized by a nearly twentyfold increase in the areas of negative NDVI trends for the whole border territory. The analysis of the correlation of meteorological parameters and vegetation revealed that in drylands with negative NDVI trend, climate-induced desertification covers 63%, and anthropogenic 37% of the total area affected by desertification.
Assessment of spatial and temporal dynamics of the Selenga River channel deformation
Authors: Tsydypov B Z , Ayurzhanaev A A , Chernykh V V , Gurzhapov B O , Zh Garmaev E
Published: August 2019

The identification of spatio-temporal patterns of transformation of the Selenga river channel is an important task, which has both theoretical and practical importance. Dynamic seasonal and long-term changes in the levels and flow rates of water in the Selenga river, as well as significant kinetic energy of the flow cause a high intensity of channel processes, which must be taken into account in the construction and operation of hydrotechnical and shore protection, as well as other protective structures. A retrospective comparative analysis of the dynamics of channel deformation based on the thematic automated interpretation of Landsat satellite multi-temporal data is carried out. This, together with engineering hydrological calculations, allowed us to perform a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the results of the long-term manifestation of natural processes in a vast area occupying part of the Selenga valley from the state border to its delta. In the course of work, for the first time a map of the Selenga river channel dynamics. Areas with different types of channel stability have been identified, the channel classification has been carried out into meandering, straight and braided sections.
Removal of anionic surfactants from aqueous solutions using Fe-aluminosilicate sorbents
Authors: Ts Khankhasaeva S
Published: August 2019

Fe-aluminosilicate sorbents were obtained by modifying bentonite clay with iron polyoxocations and heat treatment at 400°C and 500°C. The specific surface of the sorbents determined by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption was 118-136 m2 · g–1. The iron content in sorbents was equal 7.8 %. The adsorption properties of the obtained sorbents were studied with respect to anionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) in aqueous solutions. It was shown that the modification of clay leads to a significant increase in anion-exchange capacity. The value of the adsorption capacity was in good agreement with the increase in the number of the basic groups of Fe – OH and the value of the specific surface of the sorbents. Adsorption isotherms of sodium dodecyl sulfate on bentonite clay and on Fe –aluminosilicate sorbents are described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation which describes monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface with a correlation coefficient of 1.000 at initial surfactant concentrations of 10-1000 mg · l–1. The adsorption capacity of Fe-aluminosilicate sorbents was more than 3 times higher than the capacity of the original clay in the adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate and was about 5 times higher in the adsorption of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. The results of the study suggest that the Fe-aluminosilicate sorbents can be effective for removing anionic surfactants from wastewater.
Extraction of heavy metals from multicomponent solutions
Authors: Budaeva A D , Antropova I G , Alekseeva E N
Published: August 2019

The paper presents the results of studying the absorption of heavy metal ions from a multicomponent solution by coal mining waste. Acidic drainage solution was obtained by water leaching of technogenic sand of tungsten-molybdenum factory. It was found that manganese, zinc, copper and iron have high concentrations in the solution. Copper, iron and lead have a high affinity for the surface of coal. The usage of oxidized brown coal as an adsorbent can significantly reduce the concentration of heavy metals in multicomponent solutions despite their complex composition.
Application of magnesium silicate rocks in the production of cements with mineral additives
Authors: Khudyakova L I , Paleev P L
Published: August 2019

Cement plants are among the main sources of environmental pollution. They emit a huge amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, make a significant contribution to the greenhouse effect. To eliminate this drawback, the enterprises switch to the production of cements with mineral additives. Serpentinites can be used as innovative mineral supplements. These are the magnesium silicate rocks moved to dumps in the process of development of mineral deposits. Their introduction into the composition of cements allows to produce high quality materials. At the same time, their physical and mechanical properties depend on the amount of additives and on the time of grinding the raw mixture. It is shown that the optimal parameters for obtaining cements are: the addition of serpentinite (up to 30 %) with grinding time of 10 minutes. Under these conditions, composite binders have the best strength characteristics. The usage of serpentinites in Portland cement production process will not only expand the list of raw materials for the construction industry, but also solve environmental problems associated with the storage and disposal of mining waste.
The content and distribution of lead in the permafrost soils of the northern-taiga landscapes of Yakutia
Authors: Gololobova A G , Gabysheva A A
Published: August 2019

We studied the content and nature of the distribution of lead in permafrost soils of the “Burannyi” site of the Tomtor rare-earth deposit. We explored three types of permafrost soils with low power of the soil profile: permafrost fawn-brown podzolized, permafrost fawn-brown and homogeneous non-gleyed cryozem. An experiment on lead sorption by genetic horizons of permafrost soil was constructed in the laboratory. The contents of the mobile forms of Pb in the studied soils are arranged in the ascending order: homogeneous non-gleyed cryozem < permafrost fawn-brown < permafrost fawn-brown podzolized. The experiment identified high correlation dependence of the lead content on humus values, as well as the average negative dependence on pH. Based on the constructed sorption model, it claims that the mineral horizons have the highest sorption capacity.