bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Thermal Properties of Various Insulating Liquids Used in Power Transformers
Authors: Nadolny Zbigniew
Published: June 2024

This article is a summary of many years of work by the author, in which the thermal properties of various types of insulating liquids, used in power transformers, were evaluated. Recently, esters have been displacing mineral oil. There is a common view that mineral oil has better thermal properties than esters. This claim is supported by comparative results of tests of both materials as a liquid only filling the remaining volume of the transformer. The effect of the type of liquid on the thermal properties of the paper–oil insulation has not been analyzed so far. On this basis, the conclusions formulated may be incomplete. For this reason, the author has analyzed the influence of the type of liquid on both the thermal properties of the liquid filling the remaining volume of the transformer and the paper–oil insulation. It was proved that the more effective liquid filling the remaining volume of the transformer was indeed mineral oil. On the other hand, a more effective electrical insulating liquid, which is an element of paper–oil insulation, is a natural ester. A comprehensive assessment that takes into account both the paper–oil insulation and the remaining transformer volume showed that the natural ester proved to be a slightly more effective electrical insulating liquid than the other analyzed liquids.
Innovative Multigeneration System with Heat Exchangers for Harnessing Thermal Energy from Cement Kiln Exhaust Gases
Authors: Mungyeko Bisulandu Baby-Jean Robert , Mansouri Rami , Tsimba Mboko Marcel , Mbozi Mbozi Lucien , Ilinca Adrian
Published: June 2024

This article introduces a novel multiple-cycle generation system for efficient heat recovery at high and low temperatures. The system is modeled and optimized using the M2EP analysis method (mass, energy, exergy, and performance) and the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The multigeneration system produces electricity, cold, domestic hot water, and biogas by utilizing Kalina cycles, diffusion–absorption refrigeration machines, and high-performance heat exchangers by harnessing waste heat from cement kiln exhaust gases. The Kalina cycle is employed for electricity generation, wherein the H2O+NH3 mixture, heated by hot water, circulates through heat exchangers. Downstream of the Kalina cycle, the refrigeration machine generates cold by evaporating the strong solution of the H2O+NH3 mixture. Hydrogen circulates in the diffusion–absorption refrigerator (DAR) circuit, facilitating the exchange between the evaporator and the absorber. The domestic hot water and biogas production systems operate at lower temperatures (around 45 °C). The simulation results for the Kalina cycle indicate an electrical energy production of 2565.03 kW, with a release of usable energy (residual gases) estimated at 7368.20 kW and a thermal efficiency of 22.15%. Exergy destruction is highest at heat exchanger 1, accounting for 26% of the total. A coefficient of performance of 0.268 and an evaporator temperature of 10.57 °C were obtained for the DAR cycle. The absorber contributes the most to energy exchanges, comprising 37% of the entire circuit. Summarizing the potential for valorizing waste heat from cement kilns, this article lays the foundation for future research.
Optimization of Flywheel Rotor Energy and Stability Using Finite Element Modelling
Authors: Coppede Daniel , da Silva Bortoli Fabio , Moreira Joao Manoel Losada , Magalhaes Nadja Simao , Frajuca Carlos
Published: June 2024

An investigation on a flywheel is presented based on finite element modelling simulations for different geometries. The goal was to optimise the energy density (rotational energy-to-mass ratio) and, at the same time, the rotational energy of a flywheel rotor. The stress behaviour of flywheel rotors under the rotational speed at the maximum stress achievable by the flywheel was analysed. Under this condition, the energy density was obtained for the different geometries, as well as the rotational energy. The best energy density performance due to geometry was achieved with a flywheel rotor presenting a new Gaussian section, which is different from the known Laval disk shape. The best results using a single disk involved a rotational speed of nearly 279,000 rpm and a rotational energy density around 1584 kJ/kg (440 Wh/kg). These values still yielded low total energy; to increase its value, two or three rotors were added to the flywheel, which were analysed in regard to stability. In particular, the triple rotor energy density was ≈ 1550 kJ/kg (431 Wh/kg). As some instability was found in these rotors, a solution using reinforcement was developed to avoid such instabilities. The energy density of such a reinforced double rotor neared 1451 kJ/kg (403 Wh/kg), and the system achieved higher total energy. The material assumed for the devices was carbon fibre Hexcel UHM 12,000, a material kept constant throughout the simulations to allow comparison among the different geometries.
Design of a Stochastic Electricity Market Mechanism with a High Proportion of Renewable Energy
Authors: Liu Yifeng , Chen Meng , Fan Yuhong , Ying Liming , Cui Xue , Zou Xuyue
Published: June 2024

Renewable energy, such as wind power and photovoltaic power, has uncertain and intermittent characteristics and zero marginal cost characteristics. The traditional power market mechanism is difficult to adapt to the new power system with a high proportion of renewable energy, and the original market system needs to be reformed. This paper discusses the application of a VCG auction mechanism in the electricity market, proposes a two-stage VCG market-clearing model based on the VCG mechanism, including the day-ahead market and the real-time market, and discusses the nature of the VCG mechanism. In order to address the discrepancy between the actual output of stochastic generator sets in the real-time market and their pre-scheduled output in the day-ahead market due to prediction deviations, a method for calculating punitive costs is proposed. A reallocation method based on market entities’ contributing factors to budget imbalance is proposed to address the issue of budget imbalance under the VCG mechanism, in order to achieve revenue and expenditure balance. Through an example, the incentive compatibility characteristics of the VCG mechanism are verified, the problems of the locational marginal pricing (LMP) mechanism in the stochastic electricity market with a high proportion of renewable energy are analyzed, the electricity prices of the LMP mechanism and the VCG mechanism under different renewable energy proportions are compared, and the redistribution of the budget imbalance of the VCG mechanism is analyzed.
Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions
Authors: Hu Jinyi , Liu Yongbao , He Xing , Zhao Jianfeng , Xia Shaojun
Published: June 2024

Due to high greenhouse gas emissions, countries worldwide are stepping up their emission reduction efforts, and the global demand for new, carbon-free fuels is growing. Ammonia (NH3) fuels are popular due to their high production volume, high energy efficiency, ease of storage and transportation, and increased application in power equipment. However, their physical characteristics (e.g., unstable combustion, slow flame speed, and difficult ignition) limit their use in power equipment. Based on the structural properties of the power equipment, NH3 fuel application and emissions characteristics were analyzed in detail. Combustion of NH3 fuels and reduction measures for NOx emissions (spark plug ignition, compression ignition, and gas turbines) were analyzed from various aspects of operating conditions (e.g., mixed fuel, fuel-to-exhaust ratio, and equivalence ratio), structure and strategy (e.g., number of spark plugs, compression ratio (CR), fuel injection, and ignition mode), and auxiliary combustion techniques (e.g., preheating, humidification, exhaust gas recirculation, and secondary air supply). The performance of various NH3 fuel cell (FC) types was analyzed, with a focus on the maximum power achievable for different electrolyte systems. Additionally, the application and NOx emissions of indirect NH3 FCs were evaluated under flame and catalytic combustion conditions. The system efficiency of providing heat sources by burning pure NH3, anode tail gas, and NH3 decomposition gas was also compared. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the key factors influencing the performance and emissions of NH3-powered equipment were identified. The challenges and limitations of NH3-powered equipment were summarized, and potential strategies for improving efficiency and reducing emissions were proposed. These findings provide valuable insights for the future development and application of NH3 FCs.
Thermodynamic Optimization of Trigeneration Power System
Authors: Méndez-Cruz Ladislao Eduardo , Gutiérrez-Limón Miguel-Ángel , Lugo-Leyte Raúl , Sales-Cruz Mauricio
Published: June 2024

Worldwide, the growing demand for energy has been largely met through power cycles utilizing fossil fuels. Combined cycles, which integrate a gas turbine with a steam cycle, prove to be the best alternative due to their power generation capacity and high efficiencies. This efficiency is primarily attributed to the ability to harness exhaust gases to generate steam in the heat recovery boiler, allowing additional power generation through the steam turbine. Currently, there is a quest for the integration of low-temperature power cycles to maximize the utilization of residual thermal energy flows for power generation. Therefore, this work conducts an exergetic optimization of a power trigeneration system aimed at maximizing exergetic efficiency. This system includes a gas turbine and a steam cycle coupled with three different configurations of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC): a simple ORC, a supercritical ORC, and an ultracritical ORC. The ORC configurations are analyzed using eight organic working fluids, namely R1234yf, R290, R134a, R1234ze, R152a, R600a, R245fa, and R123. The results show that the maximum exergetic efficiency is achieved by using R152a in the ultracritical ORC configuration coupled with the combined cycle, achieving an exergetic efficiency of 55.79%. Furthermore, the maximum power generated is attained by the steam cycle with 85,600.63 kW and 3101.21 kW for the ultracritical ORC.
Exploring Flexibility Potential of Energy-Intensive Industries in Energy Markets
Authors: Luciani Laureana , Cruz Juliana , Ballestin Victor , Mselle Boniface Dominick
Published: June 2024

The European Union, in pursuit of the goal of reducing emissions by at least 55% by 2030 and achieving climate neutrality by 2050, is deploying different actions, with industry decarbonization as a key strategy. However, increasing electricity demand requires an intensification of energy generation from clean technologies, and the energy system’s expansion is hindered by renewable generation’s climatic dependencies and the imperative for substantial electrical infrastructure investments. Although the transmission grid is expected to grow, flexibility mechanisms and innovative technologies need to be applied to avoid an overwhelming growth. In this context, this paper presents a thorough assessment, conducted within the FLEXINDUSTRIES project, of the flexibility potential across seven energy-intensive industries (automotive industry, biofuel production, polymer manufacturing, steel manufacturing, paper mills, pharmaceutical industry, and cement production). The methodology followed during the analysis entails reviewing the state-of-the-art existing flexibility mechanisms, industries’ energy markets engagement, and technical/operational readiness. The results highlight the feasibility of the proposed actions for enabling energy market flexibility through demand-response programs, quantifying energy opportunities, and pinpointing regulatory and technical barriers.
Heat Pumps for Germany—Additional Pressure on the Supply–Demand Equilibrium and How to Cope with Hydrogen
Authors: von Döllen Andreas , Schlüter Stephan
Published: June 2024

In the context of the German Energiewende, the current government intends to install six million heat pumps by 2030. Replacing gas heating by power has significant implications on the infrastructure. One of the biggest advantages of using gas is the existing storage portfolio. It has not been clarified yet how power demand should be structured on an annual level—especially since power storage is already a problem and solar power is widely promoted to fuel heat pumps, despite having an inverse profile. In this article, three different solutions, namely, hydrogen, batteries, and carbon capture and storage, are discussed with respect to resources, energy, and financial demand. It shows that relying solely on batteries or hydrogen is not solving the structuring problem. A combination of all existing technologies (including fossil fuels) is required to structure the newly generated electricity demand.
Multi-Objective Plum Tree Algorithm and Machine Learning for Heating and Cooling Load Prediction
Authors: Slowik Adam , Moldovan Dorin
Published: June 2024

The prediction of heating and cooling loads using machine learning algorithms has been considered frequently in the research literature. However, many of the studies considered the default values of the hyperparameters. This manuscript addresses both the selection of the best regressor and the tuning of the hyperparameter values using a novel nature-inspired algorithm, namely, the Multi-Objective Plum Tree Algorithm. The two objectives that were optimized were the averages of the heating and cooling predictions. The three algorithms that were compared were the Extra Trees Regressor, the Gradient Boosting Regressor, and the Random Forest Regressor of the sklearn machine learning Python library. We considered five hyperparameters which were configurable for each of the three regressors. The solutions were ranked using the MOORA method. The Multi-Objective Plum Tree Algorithm returned a root mean square error value for heating equal to 0.035719 and a root mean square error for cooling equal to 0.076197. The results are comparable to the ones obtained using standard multi-objective algorithms such as the Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer, Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization, and NSGA-II. The results are also performant concerning the previous studies, which considered the same experimental dataset.
Identification of Catalpa bungei Aquaporin Gene Family Related to Low Temperature Stress
Authors: Li Tianyi , Zhang Jing , Zhang Hongtao , Niu Shance , Qian Ji , Chen Zhaoyang , Ma Tianyi , Meng Yu , Di Bao
Published: June 2024

Low temperatures pose a significant threat to plant growth and development. Studies have shown that aquaporins (AQPs), as the main functional proteins on the cell membrane regulating water ingress and egress, play a vital role in maintaining dynamic water balance when plants face cold stress. Catalpa bungei, an important timber and ornamental tree species, has its cultivation range significantly limited by its poor cold tolerance. However, no study has been found aiming to identify its aquaporin gene family. This study aims to fill this gap using two C. bungei cultivars with differing cold tolerance as experimental material: “Qiuza 1”, which is less cold-tolerant, and “Qiuza 2”, which is more cold-tolerant. The plants were subjected to low-temperature stress at 4 °C for 24 h. Using high-throughput molecular sequencing technology, a transcriptome sequencing of the leaves was performed at 0, 6, 12, and 18 h of cold stress. Fifteen candidate aquaporin genes in C. bungei (CbAQP) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the CbAQP gene family is divided into five subfamilies: 5 PIPs, 4 TIPs, 3 NIPs, 2 SIPs, and 1 XIP. By analyzing AQPs related to cold stress in other plants and the expression patterns of CbAQP genes, 12 CbAQP genes related to cold stress were identified. The genes that responded positively include CbPIP2;5, CbPIP1;2, CbTIP4;1, and CbNIP2;1. The results provide a foundation for further analysis of the biological functions of candidate CbAQP genes related to cold tolerance and offer theoretical support for improving seedling quality, cold-resistant genetic breeding, and expanding its distribution range.
Comparison of Planted Pine versus Natural Mix Forests in Nepal
Authors: Pandey Hari Prasad , Maraseni Tek Narayan , Pokhrel Shila
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to compare the socio-environmental benefits of one of the most widely planted forest species, i.e., Pinus roxburghii (Sarg., hereafter ‘Pine’ or ‘Pinus’) with naturally regenerated mixed forests in two community forests of Nepal. By analyzing tree rings, we estimate biomass production, carbon accumulation, and growth enhancement in both forest types using regression models, offering insights into sustainable forest management. Pinus forests exhibit instant social benefits through direct economic conversion and a higher rate of carbon sequestration. However, the lack of perpetuated production, due to unimodal stand structures, necessitates anthropogenic interventions for long-term sustainability. Challenges such as the absence of natural regeneration, frequent fires, limited undergrowth, limited species diversity, and likely soil erosion hinder long-term sustainability in Pinus forests. In contrast, natural regenerated mixed forests offer slow carbon sequestration with less opportunity for immediate economic conversion, yet they maintain a proportional age-class distribution and experience minimal fire incidence, abundant regeneration, higher biodiversity, and lower regeneration costs. Although no abrupt environmental disasters were observed through the dendrochronological assessment, a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was found between age and girth at breast height, biomass, and volume of the forests. This study underscores the crucial role of human intervention beyond conventional management focusing on the protection motive to production-oriented forests in optimizing the socio-economic and environmental benefits of both forest types in the changing socio-environmental challenges through informed management planning.
Pullulan Production from Sugarcane Bagasse Hemicellulosic Hydrolysate by Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 42023 inBubble Column Reactor
Authors: Tagne Rufis Fregue Tiegam , Cruz-Santos Mónica María , Antunes Felipe Antonio Fernandes , Shibukawa Vinícius Pereira , Miano Sara Barboza , Kenfack Junie Albine Atangana , da Silva Silvio Silvério , Ngomade Serges Bruno Lemoupi , Santos Júlio César
Published: June 2024

Due to its unique physicochemical properties, Pullulan is an exopolysaccharide with many applications in the food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries. Aiming to reduce its production cost, an interesting alternative is to consider other possibilities of raw materials, including the production of this biopolymer in a lignocellulosic biorefinery concept. Xylose is the main sugar of hemicellulosic hydrolysates obtained from different biomasses, and it is a sugar still not extensively exploited regarding its potential for pullulan production. This study aimed to evaluate the production of pullulan from sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate by cultivating Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 42023 in a bubble column reactor. The hemicellulosic hydrolysate was obtained through dilute acid treatment carried out in a stirred tank reactor before being detoxified to remove microbial growth inhibitors. The maximum concentration of 28.62 ± 1.43 g/L of pullulan was obtained after 120 h of fermentation in a bubble column reactor in batch mode. Analysis of spectroscopic properties through FTIR of the obtained pullulan revealed α-(1→6)-linked maltosyl units, similar to those of commercial samples of the biopolymer. XRD analysis showed that the prepared pullulan is amorphous, and a homogeneous morphology with a smooth surface of the pullulan was observed in SEM analysis. This study showed the potential of the production of pullulan from sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate in a bubble column bioreactor, an alternative strategy for the industrial production of this biopolymer.
Pile Cloth Media Filtration for Harvesting Microalgae Used for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Velten Hermann , Krahe Daniel , Hasport Nils , Fundneider Thomas , Grabbe Ulrich , Knorr Linda , Theilen Ulf
Published: June 2024

The harvesting of microalgae biomass cultivated during different processes is still identified as the main driver of biomass production cost. Particularly in the field of wastewater treatment, an energy-efficient and reliable harvesting or separation method is needed to remove microalgae biomass from the wastewater after nutrient assimilation. In this study, the suitability of pile cloth media filtration (PCMF) for microalgae harvesting during wastewater treatment is investigated. A mini plate PCMF was operated over 18 months with three different pile cloth media as part of a pilot-scale wastewater treatment plant incorporating a microalgae treatment step for phosphorus and nitrogen removal. During this time, the removal rates and achievable total suspended solids (TSS) concentration in the effluent were recorded. Differences between the three pile cloth media were noticeable, with TSS concentrations ranging from 9.7 mg·L−1 to 17.7 mg·L−1. The pilot-scale data were used to determine the dimensions of a large-scale PCMF and to estimate its energy demand. This resulted in theoretical energy demands of 7 to 8 Wh·m−3 or 37 Wh·kg−1 TSS, considerably lower than the energy demand of other harvesting technologies.
Adapting Self-Regulated Learning in an Age of Generative Artificial Intelligence Chatbots
Authors: Lai Joel Weijia
Published: June 2024

The increasing use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has led to a rise in conversations about how teachers and students should adopt these tools to enhance the learning process. Self-regulated learning (SRL) research is important for addressing this question. A popular form of GenAI is the large language model chatbot, which allows users to seek answers to their queries. This article seeks to adapt current SRL models to understand student learning with these chatbots. This is achieved by classifying the prompts supplied by a learner to an educational chatbot into learning actions and processes using the process–action library. Subsequently, through process mining, we can analyze these data to provide valuable insights for learners, educators, instructional designers, and researchers into the possible applications of chatbots for SRL.
Genetic and Clinical Analyses of the KIZ-c.226C>T Variant Resulting in a Dual Mutational Mechanism
Authors: Sundaresan Yogapriya , Rivera Antonio , Obolensky Alexey , Gopalakrishnan Prakadeeswari , Ohayon Hadad Hanit , Shemesh Aya , Khateb Samer , Ross Maya , Ofri Ron , Durst Sharon , Newman Hadas , Leibu Rina , Soudry Shiri , Zur Dinah , Ben-Yosef Tamar , Banin Eyal , Sharon Dror
Published: June 2024

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous inherited retinal disorder. Mutations in KIZ cause autosomal recessive (AR) RP. We aimed to characterize the genotype, expression pattern, and phenotype in a large cohort of KIZ cases. Sanger and whole exome sequencing were used to identify the KIZ variants. Medical records were reviewed and analyzed. Thirty-one patients with biallelic KIZ mutations were identified: 28 homozygous for c.226C>T (p.R76*), 2 compound heterozygous for p.R76* and c.3G>A (p.M1?), and one homozygous for c.247C>T (p.R83*). c.226C>T is a founder mutation among patients of Jewish descent. The clinical parameters were less severe in KIZ compared to DHDDS and FAM161A cases. RT-PCR analysis in fibroblast cells revealed the presence of four different transcripts in both WT and mutant samples with a lower percentage of the WT transcript in patients. Sequence analysis identified an exonic sequence enhancer (ESE) that includes the c.226 position which is affected by the mutation. KIZ mutations are an uncommon cause of IRD worldwide but are not rare among Ashkenazi Jews. Our data indicate that p.R76* affect an ESE which in turn results in the pronounced skipping of exon 3. Therefore, RNA-based therapies might show low efficacy since the mutant transcripts are spliced.
Multifactor Analyses of Frontal Cortex Lipids in the APP/PS1 Model of Familial Alzheimer’s Disease Reveal Anomalies in Responses to Dietary n-3 PUFA and Estrogenic Treatments
Authors: Díaz Mario
Published: June 2024

Brain lipid homeostasis is an absolute requirement for proper functionality of nerve cells and neurological performance. Current evidence demonstrates that lipid alterations are linked to neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The complexity of the brain lipidome and its metabolic regulation has hampered the identification of critical processes associated with the onset and progression of AD. While most experimental studies have focused on the effects of known factors on the development of pathological hallmarks in AD, e.g., amyloid deposition, tau protein and neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, etc., studies addressing the causative effects of lipid alterations remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we have used a multifactor approach combining diets containing different amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), estrogen availabilities, and genetic backgrounds, i.e., wild type (WT) and APP/PS1 (FAD), to analyze the lipid phenotype of the frontal cortex in middle-aged female mice. First, we observed that severe n-3 PUFA deficiency impacts the brain n-3 long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) composition, yet it was notably mitigated by hepatic de novo synthesis. n-6 LCPUFAs, ether-linked fatty acids, and saturates were also changed by the dietary condition, but the extent of changes was dependent on the genetic background and hormonal condition. Likewise, brain cortex phospholipids were mostly modified by the genotype (FAD>WT) with nuanced effects from dietary treatment. Cholesterol (but not sterol esters) was modified by the genotype (WT>FAD) and dietary condition (higher in DHA-free conditions, especially in WT mice). However, the effects of estrogen treatment were mostly observed in relation to phospholipid remodeling in a genotype-dependent manner. Analyses of lipid-derived variables indicate that nerve cell membrane biophysics were significantly affected by the three factors, with lower membrane microviscosity (higher fluidity) values obtained for FAD animals. In conclusion, our multifactor analyses revealed that the genotype, diet, and estrogen status modulate the lipid phenotype of the frontal cortex, both as independent factors and through their interactions. Altogether, the outcomes point to potential strategies based on dietary and hormonal interventions aimed at stabilizing the brain cortex lipid composition in Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology.
Associations of Maternal Breastmilk microRNAs and Infant Obesity Status at 1 Year
Authors: Van Syoc Emily , Stegman Molly , Sullivan Rhea , Confair Alexandra , Warren Kaitlyn , Hicks Steven D.
Published: June 2024

Infant consumption of human milk (HM) is associated with a reduced risk of overweight and obesity, but the reasons for this relationship are not completely understood. There is emerging evidence that micro RNAs (miRNAs) regulate infant development and metabolism, but the associations between HM miRNAs and infant growth remain poorly understood. We examined the relationship between HM miRNA consumption and infant obesity in 163 mother–infant dyads to determine (1) if miRNA profiles differentiate infants with obesity, and (2) if individual miRNAs accurately predicted infant obesity status at one year of age. Infant obesity was categorized as weight-for-length (WFL) Z scores or conditional weight gain (CWG) in the 95th percentile. HM miRNA profile was associated with infant age (r2 = 6.4%, p = 0.001), but not maternal obesity status (r2 = 1.5%, p = 0.87) or infant weight status (WFL Z-score) at birth (r2 = 0.6%, p = 0.4), 1 month (r2 = 0.5%, p = 0.6), or 4 months (r2 = 0.8%, p = 0.2). Nine HM miRNAs were associated with either 12-month CWG or 12-month WFL Z scores. Among these 9 miRNAs, miR-224-5p remained significant in a logistic regression model that accounted for additional demographic factors (estimate = −27.57, p = 0.004). These findings suggest involvement of HM miRNAs and particularly miR-224-5p in infant growth, warranting further investigation. To our knowledge, this is the largest study of HM miRNAs and early-life obesity and contributes to the understanding of the relationship between HM miRNAs and infant growth.
Whole-Genome Analysis of Extensively Drug-Resistant Enterobacter hormaechei Isolated from a Patient with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Ferreira Cristina Motta , Naveca Felipe Gomes , Ferreira Guilherme Motta Antunes , Barbosa Maria de Nazaré Saunier , de Souza Victor Costa , Calheiros Franceline Oliveira , Souza Vander Silva , Ferreira William Antunes
Published: June 2024

Background: Currently, the Enterobacteriaceae species are responsible for a variety of serious infections and are already considered a global public health problem, especially in underdeveloped countries, where surveillance and monitoring programs are still scarce and limited. Analyses were performed on the complete genome of an extensively antibiotic-resistant strain of Enterobater hormaechei, which was isolated from a patient with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, who had been admitted to a hospital in the city of Manaus, Brazil. Methods: Phenotypical identification and susceptibility tests were performed in automated equipment. Total DNA extraction was performed using the PureLink genomic DNA mini-Kit. The genomic DNA library was prepared with Illumina Microbial Amplicon Prep and sequenced in the MiSeq Illumina Platform. The assembly of the whole-genome and individual analyses of specific resistance genes extracted were carried out using online tools and the Geneious Prime software. Results: The analyses identified an extensively resistant ST90 clone of E. hormaechei carrying different genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaGES-2, blaTEM-1A, blaACT-15, blaOXA-1 and blaNDM-1, [aac(3)-IIa, aac(6′)-Ian, ant(2″)-Ia], [aac(6′)-Ib-cr, (qnrB1)], dfrA25, sul1 and sul2, catB3, fosA, and qnrB, in addition to resistance to chlorhexidine, which is widely used in patient antisepsis. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for actions to control and monitor these pathogens in the hospital environment.
Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Four Bromus (Poaceae, Bromeae) Species
Authors: Li Shichao , Tian Chunyu , Hu Haihong , Yang Yanting , Ma Huiling , Liu Qian , Liu Lemeng , Li Zhiyong , Wu Zinian
Published: June 2024

Bromus (Poaceae Bromeae) is a forage grass with high adaptability and ecological and economic value. Here, we sequenced Bromus ciliatus, Bromus benekenii, Bromus riparius, and Bromus rubens chloroplast genomes and compared them with four previously described species. The genome sizes of Bromus species ranged from 136,934 bp (Bromus vulgaris) to 137,189 bp (Bromus ciliates, Bromus biebersteinii), with a typical quadripartite structure. The studied species had 129 genes, consisting of 83 protein-coding, 38 tRNA-coding, and 8 rRNA-coding genes. The highest GC content was found in the inverted repeat (IR) region (43.85–44.15%), followed by the large single-copy (LSC) region (36.25–36.65%) and the small single-copy (SSC) region (32.21–32.46%). There were 33 high-frequency codons, with those ending in A/U accounting for 90.91%. A total of 350 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified, with single-nucleotide repeats being the most common (61.43%). A total of 228 forward and 141 palindromic repeats were identified. No reverse or complementary repeats were detected. The sequence identities of all sequences were very similar, especially with respect to the protein-coding and inverted repeat regions. Seven highly variable regions were detected, which could be used for molecular marker development. The constructed phylogenetic tree indicates that Bromus is a monophyletic taxon closely related to Triticum. This comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome of Bromus provides a scientific basis for species identification and phylogenetic studies.
Higher Light Intensity Combined with Early Topping Improves the Yield and Quality of Pea Shoots in LED Plant Factory
Authors: Liang Juwen , Ji Fang , He Dongxian
Published: June 2024

Pea shoots is a popular vegetable in certain regions of the world due to their unique taste and abundance of health-promoting phytochemicals. The perishable nature and susceptibility to root rot of pea shoots necessitate a new soilless production system located close to the market. This study compared the growth of pea shoots using various cultivation methods in an LED plant factory. The results showed that early topping (4 days after transplanting, ET) promoted early harvest compared to later topping (20 days after transplanting, LT) and increased the number of harvested shoots by extending the harvest time to 2.8 times, ultimately resulting in a substantial yield improvement. Moreover, the yield of ET with a lower planting density (72 plants m−2, ET-LD) was 8.7% higher than ET with a higher planting density (126 plants m−2, ET-HD). Particularly, the average shoot fresh weight (AFW) under ET-LD exceeded that of ET-HD by 48.9%. It is advisable to consider adopting ET-LD for the cultivation of pea shoots in LED plant factories. Based on ET-LD, the yield, nutritional quality, and light use efficiency of pea shoots were further explored at different stages under three levels of light intensity (50, 100, and 150 μmol m−2·s−1). Contrasted against a light intensity of 50 μmol m−2·s−1, AFW, number of harvested shoots, and total fresh yield under a light intensity of 150 μmol m−2·s−1, increased by 60.2%, 62.8%, and 165.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, AFW, photosynthetic capacity, soluble sugar and vitamin C levels in leaves, as well as light use efficiency and photon yield, initially increased and then decreased with the extension of the planting period. Among these, soluble sugar, light use efficiency, and photon yield started to decrease after reaching the maximum value at 60–70 days after transplanting. In conclusion, a light intensity of 150 μmol m−2·s−1 with a photoperiod of 16 h d−1 using LEDs, combined with early topping within a planting period of 60–70 days, proves to be suitable for the hydroponic production of pea shoots in LED plant factories.
Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism Underlying the Accumulation of Anthocyanins in Cornus officinalis pericarp
Authors: Qin Yue , Chen Xuanmeng , Yang Jiahui , Gao Jing , Zhang Gang , Yan Yonggang , Yang Xinjie , Zhang Xiaofei , Chen Ying
Published: June 2024

The mature flesh of Cornus officinalis exhibits a vibrant red color, attributed to its rich anthocyanin content, imparting significant edible and medicinal value. Vibrant colors not only enhance the visual allure of medicinal materials but also maintain a close association with their intrinsic quality. However, the intricate process of pigment formation governing the anthocyanin accumulation in the pericarp of Cornus officinalis remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted the comprehensive sampling and analysis of pericarp tissues at three distinct developmental stages, employing morphological-structure observation and metabolomic and transcriptomic techniques. Our findings reveal a substantial increase in the anthocyanin accumulation during the transition to the red stage of Cornus officinalis fruit maturation. Metabolomic profiling identified the highest expression levels of Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and Pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside during the mature stage, suggesting their association with the red coloration of the fruit. Through RNA sequencing, we identified 25,740 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 41 DEGs associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. The correlation between the DEG expression levels and anthocyanin content was explored, further elucidating the regulatory network. Additionally, we validated the pivotal role of the candidate gene BZ1 in the synthesis of Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside through qRT-PCR, confirming its crucial impact on anthocyanin accumulation. This study provides preliminary insights into anthocyanin accumulation in Cornus officinalis, laying the foundation for the future development of new cultivars with enhanced anthocyanin contents.
Synergizing Sustainability: Integrated Nutrient Management and Intercropping for Optimal Coconut Cultivation in South India
Authors: Selva Rani Arumugam , Subbulakshmi Sundararaj , Sudha Ramasamy , Kavitha Kumaresan , Nazreen Hassan Shahul Hameed , Muthulakshmi Murugiah , Sivagamy Kannan , Suresh Samuel
Published: June 2024

The study highlights the importance of integrating organic resources, such as vermicompost and biofertilizers with inorganic fertilizers to sustain coconut yields and manage costs. The experimental trial was conducted from 2016 to 2020 in a 47-year-old East Coast Tall coconut garden at Coconut Research Station in South India. The research evaluated four nutrient management treatments viz., T1 (75% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) + 25% N organic), T2 (50% RDF + 50% N organic), T3 (100% N organic) and a control (100% RDF). Intercrops included black pepper (Piper nigrum), banana (Musa acuminata) and cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Organic manure significantly improved soil physical properties, water retention and overall soil health. The T2 treatment achieved the highest yields for coconut, cocoa, banana and black pepper. The added soil health parameters supported to these findings, with T2 showing the highest fungal (15.27 × 103 cfu/g of soil) and bacterial populations (17.25 × 105 cfu/g of soil), along with a significant earthworm population (26/m2), indicating enhanced soil ecosystem health. Additionally, soil moisture content was highest under T3 (100% organic) across various depths, followed by T2, highlighting the critical role of organic matter in improving soil moisture conservation. The economic feasibility analysis, including a net present value (NPV), benefit/cost ratio (B/C ratio) and an internal rate of return (IRR), revealed T2 to be the most economically viable nutrient management strategy. This study highlights the economic benefits of intercropping coconuts using an integrated nutrient management (INM) approach, demonstrating its superiority over traditional monocropping practices.
Practices Supporting Community Recovery and Healing from Climate-Related Disasters: A Systematic Review
Authors: Keevers Lynne , Gough Deborah , Cameron Jacqui , McKnight Anthony , Ebejer Saskia , Duchesne Susan , Gowen Adam , Fildes Karen , Mackay Maria
Published: June 2024

This systematic review investigated the practices that support and hinder the recovery and healing of communities and the environments within which they live, following climate-related environmental disasters. Although the literature focused on recovery is dominated by interventions aimed at the individual and their mental health, a thematic analysis of thirty-six studies established a range of practices that enhance collective recovery and healing. Four narratives were identified from the findings highlighting key practices: (1) collective and community-led recovery; (2) recognising the criticality of context, place, and identity; (3) adopting a holistic conception of well-being and Country-centred practices; and (4) decolonising and Indigenising the literature. This study details recommendations for research and practice. First Nations’ knowledges and healing practices need to be recognised and harnessed in climate-related environmental disaster recovery. Community-led interventions harness local knowledge, networks, and expertise, which improves the dissemination of resources and enables recovery efforts to be tailored to the specific needs of communities.
A Scoping Review of Interventions Targeting the Mental Health of Australian Veterans
Authors: Wadham Ben , Andrewartha Lisa , Lawn Sharon , Onur Ilke , Edney Laura Catherine
Published: June 2024

Serving in the military can have significant impacts on the mental health of veterans and their families. Military personnel can be exposed to a range of physical stressors, psychological trauma, risky lifestyle factors, a regimented military culture, and inadequate support when transitioning out of service. This article reviews research on interventions designed to improve the mental health of Australian military veterans in order to synthesise current knowledge and identify gaps in the literature. Our scoping review followed PRISMA recommendations and comprised peer-reviewed literature published since 2000. The review demonstrates a dominance of psychologically driven research paradigms and interventions and a neglect of the importance of social factors in shaping veteran mental health. There is a wide range of interventions available; however, the literature is narrow and limited. We found little evidence that the lived experience of veterans had been harnessed in program design or delivery. We argue the need for a holistic approach that moves beyond psychological and biological understandings of health and wellbeing to incorporate social and cultural determinants. Future research could adopt a stronger multidisciplinary approach, increased socio-cultural understanding, and greater consideration of the lived experience of veterans and their families.
The Dynamic Relationship between Social Cohesion and Urban Green Space in Diverse Communities: Opportunities and Challenges to Public Health
Authors: Jennings Viniece , Rigolon Alessandro , Thompson Jasmine , Murray Athena , Henderson Ariel , Gragg Richard Schulterbrandt
Published: June 2024

Social cohesion is a key factor within social determinants of health and well-being. Urban green spaces can provide environments that potentially facilitate meaningful and positive social interactions that promote social cohesion, equity, human health, and well-being. However, the lack of integration of existing research on social cohesion, urban green spaces, and public health in diverse (e.g., racially and ethnically) communities limits culturally relevant strategies to address health disparities. In this manuscript, we synthesize research on the potential of urban green spaces to promote social cohesion and public health in historically excluded communities. Particularly, we explore the development of social cohesion as it relates to the social environment, built environment, leisure opportunities, green space maintenance, safety, and green gentrification. We highlight key factors and their application to meet opportunities and challenges to social and public health. A conceptual framework is presented to provide an overview and illustrate connections found in the literature.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Dental Practitioners in Providing Care to Children in Out-of-Home Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fenwicke Andrea , George Ajesh , Blythe Stacy , Prabhu Neeta
Published: June 2024

A scoping review was conducted to synthesize available evidence of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dental practitioners in providing care to children in out-of-home care (OOHC). Scientific databases and the grey literature were searched: 855 studies were screened after removing duplicates; 800 studies were excluded based on the title and/or abstract, and the full text of 55 studies was reviewed, with 7 included in the analysis. These included three peer-reviewed articles regarding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dental practitioners in providing care to children in OOHC, as well as four guidelines. Dental practitioners had some knowledge of the high health care needs of OOHC children, but knowledge regarding when children entering care received dental assessment and about OOHC dental care pathways was low. Practices of dental practitioners were varied, most gave oral hygiene instructions, but there was inconsistency in practices regarding continuity of care following placement changes and failure to attend policies. There was more consensus with dental practitioner attitudes, with practitioners in private settings seeming to prefer not to treat children in OOHC. Three of the identified guidelines provided logistical information about OOHC and consent. The final guideline gave practical information on treating children with a background of adverse childhood events (ACEs), including children in OOHC. Further research and education is warranted to aid dental practitioners in providing care to children in OOHC.
The Association between Socioeconomic Status and Race/Ethnicity with Home Evacuation of Lower Manhattan Residents following the 9/11/2001 World Trade Center Disaster
Authors: Cone James E. , Millien Lucie , Pollari Cristina , Brite Jennifer , Badger Heather , Kubale John , Noppert Grace , Hegde Sonia , Brackbill Robert , Farfel Mark
Published: June 2024

On 11 September 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) killed nearly three thousand people and exposed hundreds of thousands of rescue and recovery workers, passersby, area workers, and residents to varying amounts of dust and smoke. Former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani ordered the emergency evacuation of Lower Manhattan below Canal Street, but not all residents evacuated. Previous studies showed that those who did not evacuate had a higher incidence of newly diagnosed asthma. Among the 71,424 who enrolled in the WTC Health Registry in 2003–2004, we evaluated the bivariate association of educational attainment, household income, and race or ethnicity with reported evacuation on or after 9/11/01. We used log binomial regression to assess the relative risks of not evacuating from their home following the 9/11 attacks, adjusting for age, gender, and marital status. Out of a total of 11,871 enrollee residents of Lower Manhattan, 7345 or 61.79% reported evacuating their home on or after 9/11. In a fully adjusted model, the estimated relative risk for not evacuating was elevated for those who identified as non-Hispanic Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic residents compared to non-Hispanic White residents. Residents with a high school diploma/GED had an elevated estimated risk compared to those with at least a bachelor’s degree. Those with lower household incomes had an elevated estimated risk compared to those with the highest income category. These significant inequities will need to be prevented in future disasters.
The Interaction between Education and Sex with Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Two Brazilian Cities
Authors: Diniz Amanda , Mendonça Raquel , Machado-Coelho George , Meireles Adriana
Published: June 2024

This cross-sectional study, carried out between October and December 2020 in two Brazilian cities, aimed to evaluate the joint association of education and sex with habitual and episodic excessive alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. Habitual alcohol consumption was defined as drinking any quantity of alcohol at least once per week. Excessive episodic alcohol consumption was defined as the consumption of five or more drinks by men or four or more drinks by women at least once in the last 30 days. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze associations of education and sex with alcohol consumption. Education was not associated with habitual alcohol consumption and excessive episodic alcohol consumption. However, when evaluating the joint effect between education and sex, it can be seen that men with low education were more likely to habitually consume (OR: 5.85; CI95:2.74–14.84) and abuse alcohol (OR: 4.45; IC95:1.54–12.82) and women with high education were more likely to have habitual (OR: 2.16; IC95:1.18–3.95) and abusive alcohol consumption (OR: 2.00; IC95:1.16–3.43). These findings highlight the modifying effect of sex on the relationship between education and alcohol consumption, such that education influenced alcohol consumption differently between sexes during the pandemic.