bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Mid-Term Strength and Microstructure of Fly Ash–Cement Paste Backfill with Silica Fume for Continuous Mining and Backfilling Operations
Authors: Shao Xiaoping , Wang Zhengchun , Tang Renlong , Zhao Bingchao , Ning Jianbo , Tian Chuang , Wang Wei , Zhang Yibo , Du Xing
Published: December 2024

Fly ash–cement composite backfill slurry, prepared by partially replacing cement with fly ash, has been demonstrated to effectively reduce the mine backfill costs and carbon emissions associated with cement production. However, the use of fly ash often results in insufficient early and medium-term strength of the backfill material. To address the demand for high medium-term strength in backfill materials under continuous mining and backfilling conditions, this study developed a silica fume–fly ash–cement composite backfill slurry. The effects of varying silica fume contents on the slurry’s flowability, uniaxial compressive strength, microstructure, and pore characteristics were systematically investigated. The results showed that increasing the silica fume content significantly reduced the slurry’s flowability. However, at a silica fume content of 5%, the slurry achieved optimal medium-term strength, with a 14-day uniaxial compressive strength of 3.98 MPa, representing a 25% improvement compared to the control group. A microstructural analysis revealed that a moderate silica fume content promoted the formation of calcium silicate hydrate gel, filled micropores, and optimized the pore structure, thereby enhancing the overall strength and durability of the material. Conversely, an excessive silica fume content above 5% led to a marked decrease in both flowability and strength. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of silica fume’s effects on the flowability, strength, and microstructure, the optimal silica fume content was determined to be 5%. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving the efficiency of continuous mining and backfilling operations, and for designing high-performance backfill materials suitable for continuous mining and filling conditions.
Harnessing the Potential of Natural Composites in Biomedical 3D Printing
Authors: Shahar Farah Syazwani , Sultan Mohamed Thariq Hameed , Grzejda Rafał , Łukaszewicz Andrzej , Oksiuta Zbigniew , Krishnamoorthy Renga Rao
Published: December 2024

Natural composites are emerging as promising alternative materials for 3D printing in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, sustainability, and unique mechanical properties. The use of natural composites offers several advantages, including reduced environmental impact, enhanced biodegradability, and improved tissue compatibility. These materials can be processed into filaments or resins suitable for various 3D printing techniques, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM). Natural composites also exhibit inherent antibacterial properties, making them particularly suitable for applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and biomedical implants. This review explores the potential of utilizing natural composites in additive manufacturing for biomedical purposes, discussing the historical development of 3D printing techniques; the types of manufacturing methods; and the optimization of material compatibility, printability, and mechanical properties to fully realize the potential of using natural fibers in 3D printing for biomedical applications.
Automating Quality Control on a Shoestring, a Case Study
Authors: Sun Hang , Teo Wei-Ting , Wong Kenji , Dong Botao , Polzer Jan , Xu Xun
Published: December 2024

Dependence on manual inspections for quality control often results in errors, especially after prolonged periods of work that heighten the risk of missed defects. There is no shortage of expensive commercial inspection systems that can carry out the quality control work satisfactorily. However, small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often face challenges in adopting these new systems for their production workflows because of the associated integration risks, high cost, and skill complexity. To address these issues, a portable, cost-effective, and automated quality inspection system was developed as an introductory tool for SMEs. Leveraging computer vision, 3D-printed mechanical parts, and accessible components, this system offers a 360-degree inspection of production line products, enabling SMEs to explore automation with minimal investment. It features a brief training phase using a few defect-free parts to reduce the skill barrier, thus helping SMEs to transition towards smart manufacturing. These help to address the main technology adoption barriers of cost, risk, and complexity. The system’s performance was validated through repeated testing on a large sheet metal chassis installed in uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), confirming its effectiveness as a steppingstone toward more advanced smart manufacturing solutions.
Editorial for the Special Issue “Advances in Differential and Difference Equations and Their Applications”
Authors: Kong Lingju , Wang Min
Published: December 2024

This Special Issue of Mathematics titled “Advances in Differential and Difference Equations and Their Applications” presents a collection of articles that highlight the significant progress in the study of differential and difference equations [...]
RODA-OOD: Robust Domain Adaptation from Out-of-Distribution Data
Authors: Jeong Jaekyun , Lee Mangyu , Yun Sunguk , Han Keejun , Kim Jungeun
Published: December 2024

Domain adaptation aims to effectively learn from two domains with different distributions, solving labeling problems; however, traditional methods assume that the source and target data are in-distribution data that share the same labels. In practice, Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) data which do not share labels with the existing data may also be collected during the target data collection process. These OOD data introduce noise and confusion, leading to decreased performance during adaptation. To address this issue, we propose RObust Domain Adaptation from Out-Of-Distribution data (RODA-OOD), a novel method based on data-centric AI principles that focuses on improving data quality rather than refining model architecture. RODA-OOD utilizes the characteristics of deep learning models that prioritize learning in-distribution data, which are easier to train on compared to OOD data. By dynamically adjusting the threshold for OOD detection, the proposed method effectively filters out OOD data, allowing the model to focus on relevant target data. RODA-OOD was compared with competitor and original domain adaptation algorithms based on target data accuracy. The results show that RODA-OOD demonstrates the most robust performance against OOD data, achieving a 21.3% increase in accuracy compared to existing domain adaptation methods. Thus, RODA-OOD can provide a solution to the OOD issue in unsupervised domain adaptation.
A New Method for Assessing the Rate of Biodegradation of Magnesium Alloy-Based Products in an In Vivo Experiment
Authors: Shin Kwang Seon , Drobyshev Alexey , Redko Nikolai , Kunizhev Kantemir , Komissarov Aleksander , Bazhenov Viacheslav , Gurganchova Zaira , Miterev Andrey , Skakunov Yaroslav , Lezhnev Dmitry , Yanushevich Oleg O.
Published: December 2024

Magnesium alloys have emerged as a promising materials for temporary implants in medical applications due to their favorable biomechanical properties and biocompatibility. Their natural degradation within the body minimizes the need for surgical removal, making them particularly attractive for use in orthopedics, dentistry, and veterinary medicine. However, the formation of gas cavities during degradation poses significant challenges, adversely affecting mechanical stability and healing outcomes. This study aims to develop a quantitative method for assessing gas cavity volumes around magnesium alloy screws, comparing it with existing imaging techniques, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound diagnostics. A systematic review of research articles identified CT as the most effective method, offering high accuracy and detailed three-dimensional imaging capabilities, though it has limitations such as cost and radiation exposure. Our experimental work involved implanting magnesium screws in a rat model to analyze gas cavity formation. Our results indicated that Mg-2 wt.%Zn-2 wt.%Ga screws resulted in the moderate formation of a gas cavity. The findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate measurement techniques for evaluating gas cavity dynamics, which are critical for optimizing clinical outcomes and improving patient care. Future research should explore integrating advanced technologies such as machine learning to enhance image analysis and visualization efficiency in clinical settings.
Vision-Based Acquisition Model for Molten Pool and Weld-Bead Profile in Gas Metal Arc Welding
Authors: Kim Gwang-Gook , Kim Dong-Yoon , Yu Jiyoung
Published: December 2024

Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is widely used for its productivity and ease of automation across various industries. However, certain tasks in shipbuilding and heavy industry still require manual welding, where quality depends heavily on operator skill. Defects in manual welding often necessitate costly rework, reducing productivity. Vision sensing has become essential in automated welding, capturing dynamic changes in the molten pool and arc length for real-time defect insights. Laser vision sensors are particularly valuable for their high-precision bead profile data; however, most current models require offline inspection, limiting real-time application. This study proposes a deep learning-based system for the real-time monitoring of both the molten pool and weld-bead profile during GMAW. The system integrates an optimized optical design to reduce arc light interference, enabling the continuous acquisition of both molten pool images and 3D bead profiles. Experimental results demonstrate that the molten pool classification models achieved accuracies of 99.76% with ResNet50 and 99.02% with MobileNetV4, fulfilling real-time requirements with inference times of 6.53 ms and 9.06 ms, respectively. By combining 2D and 3D data through a semantic segmentation algorithm, the system enables the accurate, real-time extraction of weld-bead geometry, offering comprehensive weld quality monitoring that satisfies the performance demands of real-time industrial applications.
Intracellular and Extracellular Metabolic Response of the Lactic Acid Bacterium Weissella confusa Under Salt Stress
Authors: Wang Ali , Du Qinqin , Li Xiaomin , Cui Yimin , Luo Jiahua , Li Cairong , Peng Chong , Zhong Xianfeng , Huang Guidong
Published: December 2024

Background: Weissella confusa is a member of the lactic acid bacterium group commonly found in many salt-fermented foods. Strains of W. confusa isolated from high-salinity environments have been shown to tolerate salt stress to some extent. However, the specific responses and mechanisms of W. confusa under salt stress are not fully understood. Methods: To study the effect of NaCl stress on W. confusa, growth performance and metabolite profiles of the strains were compared between a NaCl-free group and a 35% NaCl-treated group. Growth performance was assessed by measuring viable cell counts and examining the cells using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Intracellular and extracellular metabolites were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: It was found that the viable cell count of W. confusa decreased with increasing salinity, and cells could survive even in saturated saline (35%) medium for 24 h. When exposed to 35% NaCl, W. confusa cells exhibited surface pores and protein leakage. Based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, 42 different metabolites were identified in the cells and 18 different metabolites in the culture medium. These different metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. In addition, salt-exposed cells exhibited higher levels of intracellular ectoine and lactose, whose precursors, such as aspartate, L-2,4-diaminobutanoate, and galactinol, were reduced in the culture medium. Conclusions: This study provides insight into the metabolic responses of W. confusa under salt stress, revealing its ability to maintain viability and alter metabolism in response to high NaCl concentrations. Key metabolites such as ectoine and lactose, as well as changes in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, may contribute to its tolerance to salt. These findings may improve our understanding of the bacterium’s survival mechanisms and have potential applications in food fermentation and biotechnology.
Molecular Mechanism of Indoor Exposure to Airborne Halogenated Flame Retardants TCIPP (Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Propyl) Phosphate) and TCEP Tris(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate and Their Hazardous Effects on Biological Systems
Authors: Alharbi Albatul , Alhujaily Muhanad
Published: December 2024

TCIPP (tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate) and TCEP (tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate) are organophosphate ester flame retardants found in various consumer products, posing significant health and environmental risks through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposure. Research reveals these compounds cause oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and potentially hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, developmental, reproductive, and immunotoxicity. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the toxicological mechanisms of TCIPP and TCEP and presents the latest data on their toxicological effects obtained in vitro and in vivo, using omic systems, and on the basis of computational modelling. It also elaborates on the scope of further toxicities and highlights the necessity of ongoing mechanistic research, integration of new technologies, and successful transfer of the acquired knowledge into risk evaluation, policies and regulations, and the creation of safer products. Since flame retardants are already present in homes, schools, offices, and daycare centres, efforts to scale back the exposure to these chemicals, most especially the hazardous ones, must be made to protect human health and the environment. Therefore, effective and timely prevention, based upon a deep knowledge of the entire toxicological profile of these substances, is the only way to face this difficult toxicological issue and provide for a healthy and safe future.
Using Serum Metabolomic Signatures to Investigate Effects of Acupuncture on Pain-Fatigue-Sleep Disturbance in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Li Hongjin , Doorenbos Ardith Z. , Xia Yinglin , Sun Jun , Choi Hannah , Harris Richard E. , Gao Shuang , Sullivan Katy , Schlaeger Judith M.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Acupuncture is an efficacious integrative therapy for treating pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance (the psychoneurological symptom cluster) in breast cancer survivors. However, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear, and related metabolomics studies are limited. This study aimed to examine serum metabolite changes after acupuncture and their relationships to symptom improvement. Methods: Forty-two breast cancer survivors experiencing pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance participated in a single-arm acupuncture trial. They received a 10-session acupuncture intervention over 5 weeks. Fasting blood samples and symptom surveys were collected before and after the acupuncture intervention, and untargeted metabolomics profiling was conducted on serum samples. Mixed-effects models adjusting for covariates (age, race, body mass index, and antidepressant use) were applied for analysis. Results: After acupuncture, there was a significant reduction in the psychoneurological symptom cluster (mean reduction = −6.2, p < 0.001).Bonferroni correction was applied to 40 independent metabolite clusters (α = 0.00125); cysteine-glutathione disulfide (p = 0.0006) significantly increased, and retinal (p = 0.0002) and cis-urocanate (p = 0.0005) were significantly decreased. Dimethyl sulfone (p = 0.00139) showed a trend towards reduction after acupuncture and its change (p = 0.04, β =1.97) was positively associated with reduction in the psychoneurological symptom cluster. Also, increased lauroylcarnitine (p = 0.0009) and decreased cytosine (p = 0.0008) can modulate the therapeutic effects of acupuncture. Conclusions: Acupuncture demonstrates beneficial effects on the psychoneurological symptom cluster in breast cancer survivors. Dimethyl sulfone may be a promising mediator in the relationship between acupuncture and psychoneurological symptoms, while acylcarnitine metabolism may modulate the therapeutic effect of acupuncture.
A Review of Cascaded Metasurfaces for Advanced Integrated Devices
Authors: Zhang Lingyun , Zhao Zeyu , Tao Leying , Wang Yixiao , Zhang Chi , Yang Jianing , Jiang Yongqiang , Duan Huiqi , Zhao Xiaoguang , Chen Shaolong , Wang Zilun
Published: December 2024

This paper reviews the field of cascaded metasurfaces, which are advanced optical devices formed by stacking or serially arranging multiple metasurface layers. These structures leverage near-field and far-field electromagnetic (EM) coupling mechanisms to enhance functionalities beyond single-layer metasurfaces. This review comprehensively discusses the physical principles, design methodologies, and applications of cascaded metasurfaces, focusing on both static and dynamic configurations. Near-field-coupled structures create new resonant modes through strong EM interactions, allowing for efficient control of light properties like phase, polarization, and wave propagation. Far-field coupling, achieved through greater interlayer spacing, enables traditional optical methods for design, expanding applications to aberration correction, spectrometers, and retroreflectors. Dynamic configurations include tunable devices that adjust their optical characteristics through mechanical motion, making them valuable for applications in beam steering, varifocal lenses, and holography. This paper concludes with insights into the potential of cascaded metasurfaces to create multifunctional, compact optical systems, setting the stage for future innovations in miniaturized and integrated optical devices.
Application of IgH EtherCAT Master for Ultra-Precision Motion Control of Precision Axes
Authors: Pan Zhihang , Zhao Xuesen , Xing Tianji , Sun Tao
Published: December 2024

The EtherCAT fieldbus system is widely applied in different types of computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools due to its outstanding communication performance. In the field of ultra-precision CNC, some machine tools employ controllers that integrate EtherCAT master functionality to achieve real-time communication with other devices; however, the open-source IgH EtherCAT master has rarely been applied to the CNC systems of ultra-precision machine tools. The feasibility of using the IgH EtherCAT master to meet the communication performance requirements of ultra-precision machine tools remains uncertain; therefore, it is necessary to validate the control effect on precision axes under the application of the IgH EtherCAT master. In this work, EtherCAT applications were developed on a personal computer (PC) to alter it to a bus-type controller with the IgH EtherCAT master function. To provide the EtherCAT master with real-time and accurate motion data of the axes, an interpolation algorithm tailored for control experiments was designed, and a G-code data processing method was proposed. Moreover, precision aerostatic linear axes and servo drivers were chosen as EtherCAT slaves for single-axis motion and dual-axis linkage control experiments. The experimental results showed that the motion controller based on IgH can effectively control the precision axes to execute ultra-precision linear and circular interpolation motion.
Rhizobacterial Isolates from the Native Plant Ceanothus velutinus Promote Growth in Two Genotypes of Tall Fescue
Authors: Devkota Ananta Raj , Kaur Sukhmanjot , Kaundal Amita
Published: December 2024

Global warming-induced climate change haunts the world, posing a critical threat to plant health and crop production. Overusing chemical fertilizers and pesticides poses a significant threat to soil health. Ceanothus velutinus (snowbrush) is a drought-tolerant, actinorhizal native plant found in the Intermountain West region of the US that harbors many plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In this study, we evaluated the effects of PGPR CK-06, CK-22, CK-44, and CK-50 from C. velutinus on the growth and development of two tall fescue genotypes: (i) a lawn-type tall fescue blend and (ii) an endophyte-free forage-type tall fescue known as Armory. Tall fescue plants were grown in field soil and sand mix in pots and treated twice with 5 mL of bacterial inoculum. Two isolates, CK-06 and CK-22, significantly increased tiller numbers (p < 0.05) in the lawn-type tall fescue blend, and all isolates showed a significant increase in fresh and dry weight compared to the control. Isolate CK-22 significantly increased the tiller number and fresh and dry weight of the forage-type tall fescue Armory compared to the control. Isolates CK-44 and CK-50 tested positive for sulfur-oxidizing properties, and CK-44 was able to restore the sulfur content in sulfur-deficient soil compared to the control.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV): Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutic Approaches and Some Molecular Aspects—An Updated Review
Authors: Mittova Valentina , Tsetskhladze Zurab R. , Motsonelidze Catherine , Palumbo Rosanna , Vicidomini Caterina , Roviello Giovanni N.
Published: December 2024

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a significant public health concern, particularly in rural regions, like the Caucasus, where tick-borne diseases are prevalent. The review contains comprehensive data on TBEV circulation in the Caucasus region, demonstrating TBE cases in the North Caucasus and Georgia, as well as the identification of new endemic foci in Armenia and Azerbaijan, highlighting the need for further epidemiological studies and surveillance in the region. This review provides an updated overview of TBEV, encompassing its status, subtypes, life cycle and circulation in nature, epidemiology, new approaches to TBE treatment and diagnostics, and recent insights into molecular aspects. Understanding the complexities of TBEV transmission, clinical manifestations, and advancements in diagnostic techniques is crucial for effective management and control strategies. Furthermore, exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying TBEV pathogenesis and host interactions can offer valuable insights for developing novel therapeutics and preventive measures. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate recent research findings and enhance our understanding of TBEV, ultimately contributing to improved public health interventions and patient outcomes.
Insights on the Flotation Separation of Hematite from Quartz with a 4-Tert-butyl-catechol Collector
Authors: Du Chenglong , Yu Jiang , Liu Guangyi
Published: December 2024

Iron ore is the main raw material of the iron and steel metallurgy industry, but quartz in iron ore reduces metallurgical efficiency and increases metallurgical costs. Therefore, iron ore desiliconization by flotation plays an important role in the iron and steel metallurgy industry. In this study, 4-tert-butyl-catechol (TBC) was designed as a collector to directly float out hematite from quartz. The micro-flotation tests demonstrated that under pH ~9.0, 1 × 10−5 mol·L−1 TBC recovered 98% hematite from its mixture with quartz, while the recovery of quartz was only about 17%. Zeta potential and contact angle results inferred that the adsorption affinity of TBC toward hematite was greater than that to quartz. The results of FTIR and XPS inferred that TBC adsorbed on the Fe3+ sites of hematite interfaced via the O atom of its two adjacent hydroxyl groups to form a stable five-membered chelating ring at pH 9.0. This study offered new research insight on the development of novel collectors for hematite flotation through bionics technology.
Targeting EZH2 in Cancer: Mechanisms, Pathways, and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Gilardini Montani Maria Saveria , Benedetti Rossella , Cirone Mara
Published: December 2024

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a methyltransferase involved in cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation, and cell death and plays a role in modulating the immune response. Although it mainly functions by catalyzing the tri-methylation of H3 histone on K27 (H3K27), to inhibit the transcription of target genes, EZH2 can directly methylate several transcription factors or form complexes with them, regulating their functions. EZH2 expression/activity is often dysregulated in cancer, contributing to carcinogenesis and immune escape, thereby representing an important target in anti-cancer therapy. This review summarizes some of the mechanisms through which EZH2 regulates the expression and function of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenic molecules such as STAT3, mutant p53, and c-Myc and how it modulates the anti-cancer immune response. The influence of posttranslational modifications on EZH2 activity and stability and the possible strategies leading to its inhibition are also reviewed.
Correction: Qiu et al. Genistein Modified with 8-Prenyl Group Suppresses Osteoclast Activity Directly via Its Prototype but Not Metabolite by Gut Microbiota. Molecules 2022, 27, 7811
Authors: Qiu Zuo-Cheng , Zhang Feng-Xiang , Hu Xue-Ling , Zhang Yang-Yang , Tang Zi-Ling , Zhang Jie , Yang Li , Wong Man-Sau , Chen Jia-Xu , Xiao Hui-Hui
Published: December 2024

In the original publication [...]
Integrating Ni(OH)2 Nanoparticles on CdS for Efficient Noble-Metal-Free Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Wang Zemeng , Wu Piaopiao , Huang Weiya , Yang Kai , Lu Kangqiang , Hong Zhaoguo
Published: December 2024

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution using inexhaustible clean solar energy is considered as a promising strategy. In order to build an efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production system to satisfy the demands of practical applications, it is of great significance to design photocatalysts that offer high activity, low cost, and high stability. Herein, a series of cheap CdS/Ni(OH)2 composite photocatalysts were designed and synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The introduction of a Ni(OH)2 cocatalyst multiplied the reactive active site of cadmium sulfide and promoted the transfer of photoinduced electrons in a semiconductor. Therefore, CdS/Ni(OH)2 composites demonstrate significantly better photocatalytic performance, and the hydrogen production rate of an optimal CdS/5%Ni(OH)2 composite is 6.9 times higher than that of blank CdS. Furthermore, the stability test also showed that CdS/Ni(OH)2 had good stability. This study aims to serve as a rewarding reference for the development of high-performance composite photocatalysts.
Natural Antimicrobial Compounds as Promising Preservatives: A Look at an Old Problem from New Perspectives
Authors: Yarmolinsky Ludmila , Nakonechny Faina , Haddis Tigabu , Khalfin Boris , Dahan Arik , Ben-Shabat Shimon
Published: December 2024

Antimicrobial compounds of natural origin are of interest because of the large number of reports regarding the harmfulness of food preservatives. These natural products can be derived from plants, animal sources, microorganisms, algae, or mushrooms. The aim of this review is to consider known antimicrobials of natural origin and the mechanisms of their action, antimicrobial photodynamic technology, and ultrasound for disinfection. Plant extracts and their active compounds, chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide, bioactive peptides, and essential oils are highly potent preservatives. It has been experimentally proven that they possess strong antibacterial capabilities against bacteria, yeast, and fungi, indicating the possibility of their use in the future to create preservatives for the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food industries.
Internal Ophthalmoplegic Migraine During Pregnancy: A Clinical Case
Authors: Castillo-Guerrero Brenda , Londoño-Juliao Gloria , Pianetta Yesenia , Gutiérrez-Rey Melissa , Zuñiga Bley Jair , Pestana Gustavo , Carbonell-Zabaleta Ana-Karina , Rivera-Porras Diego , Bermúdez Valmore , Vargas-Manotas José
Published: December 2024

Background: Ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) is an uncommon variant of migraine characterised by headache and cranial nerve palsy, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Objective: This study aimed to describe an extremely rare OM variant with a partial therapeutic response. Clinical Case: A 34-year-old pregnant woman in gestational week 19.1 (G6P2A3) with a history of three consecutive spontaneous abortions presented at the emergency services with insidious onset and mild-to-moderate-intensity pulsatile bifrontal headache for 15 days, and the positional changes exacerbated this. At peak intensity, she experienced nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, and photophobia without phonophobia or osmophobia, prompting multiple visits to the emergency department. Despite a broad range of treatments, including intravenous fluids, analgesia, pericranial blocks, and preventive management, there was a non-significative improvement in the symptomatology described above. However, spontaneous resolution of this clinical picture was observed during the postpartum period. Results: This case highlights the complexity of ophthalmoplegic migraine, especially in the context of pregnancy, and raises questions about the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The absence of structural lesions on neuroimaging and postpartum resolution suggests a potential association with the hormonal and physiological changes associated with pregnancy. Conclusions: Despite limited scientific evidence, this report contributes to expanding the knowledge of this rare entity and emphasises the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to its management.
Temporal and Fronto-Central Auditory Evoked Responses in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ahmadi Zohreh , Duquette-Laplante Fauve , Kousaie Shanna , Rich Zendel Benjamin , Koravand Amineh
Published: December 2024

At the cortical level, the central auditory neural system (CANS) includes primary and secondary areas. So far, much research has focused on recording fronto-central auditory evoked potentials/responses (P1-N1-P2), originating mainly from the primary auditory areas, to explore the neural processing in the auditory cortex. However, less is known about the secondary auditory areas. This review aimed to investigate and compare fronto-central and T-complex responses in populations at risk of auditory dysfunction, such as individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. After searching the electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Ovid), ten studies encompassing six neurodevelopmental disorders were included for the analysis. All experimental populations had atypical T-complexes, manifesting as an absence of evoked responses, shorter latency, and/or smaller amplitude. Moreover, in two experimental groups, dyslexia and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), abnormal T-complex responses were observed despite the presence of normal fronto-central responses. The presence of abnormal T-complex responses in combination with normal fronto-central responses in the same population, using the same experiment, may highlight the advantage of the T-complex for indexing deficits in distinct auditory processes or regions, which the fronto-central response may not track.
Coffee and Cardiovascular Health: A Review of Literature
Authors: Farraj Altaf , Akeredolu TiJesu , Wijeyesekera Anisha , Mills Charlotte
Published: December 2024

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and is on the rise. Diet is considered to be a key modifiable risk factor for reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Dietary approaches have proved advantageous for preventing disease morbidity and mortality but tend to focus on fruit, vegetables, fiber, lean protein and healthy fats. Coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide but is often surrounded by controversy with regard to its impact on health. This review aims to explore the relationship between coffee consumption and cardiovascular disease. The evidence from observational trials as well as randomized controlled trials is discussed. By focusing on specific bioactive compounds in coffee, potential mechanisms are explored, and future directions of research in the field are considered.
Resveratrol and Extra Virgin Olive Oil: Protective Agents Against Age-Related Disease
Authors: Morkovin Evgeny , Litvinov Roman , Koushner Alexey , Babkov Denis
Published: December 2024

Resveratrol and extra virgin olive oil are both recognized for their potential protective effects against age-related diseases. This overview highlights their mechanisms of action, health benefits, and the scientific evidence supporting their roles in promoting longevity and cognitive health. A literature search was conducted. Important findings related to the health benefits, mechanisms of action, and clinical implications of resveratrol and EVOO were summarized. Both resveratrol and EVOO have complementary mechanisms that may enhance their anti-aging effects. Resveratrol and EVOO are promising age-related disease-protective agents. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties contribute to improved health outcomes and longevity. Incorporating these compounds into a balanced diet may offer significant benefits for aging populations, supporting cognitive health and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Continued research is essential to fully understand their mechanisms and optimize their use in clinical settings. Future research should focus on investigating the synergistic effects of resveratrol and EVOO when consumed together, as they may enhance each other’s bioavailability and efficacy in promoting health; conducting extensive clinical trials to confirm the long-term benefits of these compounds in various populations, particularly in aging individuals; further exploring the molecular pathways through which resveratrol and EVOO exert their effects, including their interactions with gut microbiota and metabolic pathways.
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CKDB001 Ameliorates Metabolic Complications in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Jang Hyunsoo , Joung Hyunchae , Chu Jaeryang , Cho Minseo , Kim Yeon-Woo , Kim Kyung Hwan , Shin Chang Hun , Lee Jisu , Ha Jung-Heun
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Functional probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CKDB001, have shown potential as a therapeutic option for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, their effects have not been confirmed in in vivo systems. Here, we investigated the effects of L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CKDB001 on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, MASLD, and lipid metabolism in a murine model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Methods: The mice were divided into four groups (n = 12 per group)—normal chow diet (NCD), high fat diet (HFD), HFD with L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CKDB001 (LL), and HFD with resmetirom (positive control (PC), a thyroid receptor β agonist). The experimental animals were fed NCD or HFD for 12 weeks, followed by an additional 12-week oral treatment with LL or resmetirom. Results: LL supplementation reduced body weight, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR compared with those in the HFD group, indicating improved insulin sensitivity. Additionally, LL reduced serum triglyceride (TG) levels without affecting total cholesterol (TC) levels. HFD consumption increased liver weight and hepatic TG and TC levels, indicating ectopic fat accumulation; however, LL supplementation reversed these changes, indicating a liver-specific effect on cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, LL administration attenuated NAFLD activity scores, reduced hepatic fibrosis, improved liver function markers (aspartate aminotransferase), and enhanced Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. However, LL did not considerably affect the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism. In epididymal adipose tissue, LL treatment reduced leptin levels but had no effect on adiponectin; additionally, histological analysis showed an increase in adipocyte size, potentially linked to enhanced energy metabolism. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggest that LL could be a promising therapeutic candidate for improving insulin sensitivity, reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, and mitigating MASLD.
Challenges Faced by Family Caregivers of Individuals Living with Dementia in Japan During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tsuyuki Toshiko , Asai Takeshi , Kurosaki Erina , Nakamura Atsushi , Kishi Kaori , Takeda Fumi
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the challenges faced by family caregivers of individuals with dementia in Japan, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 500 family caregivers of patients with dementia. Results: 56.4% of caregivers reported an increased caregiving burden, primarily due to extended caregiving hours, reduced access to public services, and restrictions on social interactions. This study found a strong preference for formal support, with 75.4% of caregivers desiring access to more comprehensive services. However, 19.4% of dementia patients were not utilizing any public services, largely due to a mismatch between available services and caregivers’ actual needs, as well as societal resistance to inviting formal support into the home. Informal support systems, such as dementia family groups and cafes, were well-known, but participation rates remained low (5.4% and 5.8%, respectively), despite the potential benefits for reducing stress and providing emotional support. Key barriers included privacy concerns, reluctance to engage, and logistical challenges such as inconvenient access and time constraints. Conclusions: To mitigate the above challenges, this study recommends expanding telemedicine and remote support services, improving awareness of available resources, and offering flexible, tailored solutions to meet diverse caregiving needs. Additionally, increasing financial support, enhancing public recognition of caregiver roles, and providing psychological counseling and stress management programs are essential to alleviating both the emotional and economic burdens placed on family caregivers during the pandemic.
Approach to Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Chowdhury Raisa , Turkdogan Sena , Silver Jennifer A. , Hier Jessica , Bursey Stuart , Quttaineh Danah , Khoury Mark , Himdi Lamiae
Published: December 2024

Background: Hyperthyroidism, characterized by excessive thyroid hormone production, presents in diverse clinical forms, including overt and subclinical disease. Accurate and timely diagnosis is critical to prevent complications such as cardiac dysfunction, osteoporosis, and thyroid storm. Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and management strategies for hyperthyroidism, focusing on current practices, advancements, and challenges in treatment. Methods: This review synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed literature on the diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism. Results: Thyroid function tests (TFTs) are the cornerstone of hyperthyroidism diagnosis, with suppressed TSH levels and elevated T3 and/or T4 levels confirming overt disease. Thyroid receptor antibodies (TRAb) are critical for diagnosing autoimmune hyperthyroidism and predicting relapse risk. Iodine scintigraphy is utilized in specific cases, such as suspected toxic adenoma or multinodular goiter. Management strategies include beta-blockers for symptomatic relief, though side effects such as bradycardia and fatigue may occur. Antithyroid medications, including methimazole and propylthiouracil, inhibit hormone synthesis, with remission more likely in patients with low TRAb levels and small goiters. Definitive treatments include radioactive iodine therapy (RAI), which effectively reduces thyroid activity but often results in hypothyroidism, and thyroidectomy, a surgical option for large goiters or malignancy, with potential complications like hypocalcemia and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Conclusions: The management of hyperthyroidism necessitates a personalized approach integrating diagnostic precision, emerging innovations, and patient-centered care.
Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Key Genes and MicroRNAs Related to Pathogenic Mechanism in Wuchereria bancrofti
Authors: Zhu Caoli , Yan Yicheng , Feng Yaning , Sun Jiawei , Mu Mingdao , Yang Zhiyuan
Published: December 2024

Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasite transmitted by mosquitoes and can cause a neglected tropical disease called Lymphatic filariasis. However, the genome of W. bancrofti was not well studied, making novel drug development difficult. This study aims to identify microRNA, annotate protein function, and explore the pathogenic mechanism of W. bancrofti by genome-wide analysis. Novel miRNAs were identified by analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from this parasite. Protein homology was obtained by a bidirectional best-hit strategy using BLAST. By an EST-based method, we identified 20 novel miRNAs in the genome. The AU content of these miRNAs ranged from 39.7% to 80.0%, with a mean of 52.9%. Among them, 14 miRNA homologs were present in mammal genomes, while six miRNA homologs were present in non-mammal genomes. By conducting a detailed sequence alignment using BLAST, we have successfully annotated the functions of 75 previously unannotated proteins, enhancing our understanding of the proteome and potentially revealing new targets for therapy. Homology distribution analysis indicated that a set of critical proteins were present in parasites and mosquitoes, but not present in mammals. By searching the literature, ten proteins were found to be involved in the pathogenic infection process of W. bancrofti. In addition, the miRNA–gene network analysis indicated that two pathogenic genes (CALR and HMGB2) are regulated by newly identified miRNAs. These genes were supposed to play key roles in the infection mechanism of W. bancrofti. In conclusion, our genome-wide analysis provided new clues for the prevention and treatment of W. bancrofti infection.
Descriptive Epidemiology of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in the United States: Using Big Data to Characterize Patients and Analyze Parasitic Disease Trends
Authors: Cross Chad L. , Carrier Bryson , Alcala Miklo A. A. , Messenger Louisa A.
Published: December 2024

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) include species responsible for hookworm disease, ascariasis, and trichuriasis. In the United States, STH infections have been greatly reduced with anthelmintic medications and improved hygiene and sanitation, however, cases still regularly occur, but limited epidemiological data exist. We investigated the occurrence of STH infections using big-data analytics of inpatient medical discharge records (1998–2020). Data were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample. We developed an algorithm to extract International Classification of Diseases codes for STH infections from over 805 million records. We report patient characteristics and other epidemiological data. We found a mean of 223 (SD = 70.1) cases annually over the 23 years. Ascariasis (total n = 2599) was the most common, followed by hookworm disease (n = 1809) and trichuriasis (n = 716). Mean annual cases were highest (p < 0.05) in males for hookworm disease (p = 0.0313), but equitable for ascariasis and trichuriasis. Age distributions were skewed towards older patients, with whites and Hispanics most common among records. Chronic anemia and heart disease were common comorbidities. This analysis serves as a case study for using patient record databases as a means of indirect parasitic disease surveillance for population-based studies.
Effects of Alnus japonica Hot Water Extract and Oregonin on Muscle Loss and Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Murine Skeletal Muscle Cells
Authors: An Da Hyeon , Lee Chan Ho , Kwon Yeeun , Kim Tae Hee , Kim Eun Ji , Jung Jae In , Min Sangil , Cheong Eun Ju , Kim Sohyun , Kim Hee Kyu , Choi Sun Eun
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function, increases in mortality rate, and risk of comorbidities in the elderly. This study evaluated the effects of Alnus japonica hot water extract (AJHW) and its active compound, oregonin, on muscle atrophy and apoptosis in vitro. Methods: AJHW underwent phytochemical analysis. C2C12 cells were subjected to H2O2 and dexamethasone to induce oxidative stress and muscle loss, after which AJHW and oregonin were administered to assess their impacts on cell viability, apoptosis, muscle protein synthesis stimulation, and muscle protein degradation inhibition. Cell viability was assessed via an MTT assay, and apoptosis was analyzed by measuring Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP through Western blotting. Western blotting and RT-PCR were utilized to analyze MyoD, Myogenin, Atrogin-1, and MuRF1 protein and gene expression in a muscle atrophy model, as well as the Akt/mTOR and FoxO3α pathways. Results: AJHW was confirmed to contain oregonin, an active compound. AJHW and oregonin significantly increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis by upregulating Bcl-2 and downregulating Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP. They significantly enhanced muscle protein synthesis through the upregulation of MyoD and Myogenin, while diminishing muscle degradation by downregulating Atrogin-1 and MuRF1. The activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway and inhibition of the FoxO3α pathway were also observed. Conclusions: AJHW and oregonin effectively prevented muscle cell apoptosis, promoted muscle protein synthesis, and inhibited muscle protein degradation in vitro. These results suggest that AJHW and oregonin could serve as therapeutic agents to prevent and treat sarcopenia.
Visualizing the Tumor Microenvironment: Molecular Imaging Probes Target Extracellular Matrix, Vascular Networks, and Immunosuppressive Cells
Authors: Chan Hui-Wen , Kuo Deng-Yu , Shueng Pei-Wei , Chuang Hui-Yen
Published: December 2024

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical factor in cancer progression, driving tumor growth, immune evasion, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis. Understanding the dynamic interactions within the TME is essential for advancing cancer management. Molecular imaging provides a non-invasive, real-time, and longitudinal approach to studying the TME, with techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fluorescence imaging offering complementary strengths, including high sensitivity, spatial resolution, and intraoperative precision. Recent advances in imaging probe development have enhanced the ability to target and monitor specific components of the TME, facilitating early cancer diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and deeper insights into tumor biology. By integrating these innovations, molecular imaging offers transformative potential for precision oncology, improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes through a comprehensive assessment of TME dynamics.