bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revealing the United Nations sustainable development goals in international massive open online course (MOOC) content: text analysis based on machine learning
Authors: Liu Ruolan , Xie Zerong , Lei Chi-Un , Chiu Dickson K. W.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Based on the sustainable development goals (SDG) adopted by the United Nations in 2015, this study aims to analyse the content of selected massive open online courses (MOOCs) to reveal the distribution pattern of SDG implementation in online education. In addition, the impact of including SDG content on course popularity was explored.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors searched the descriptive texts of all courses on the three largest international MOOC platforms and used the OSDG 2.0 algorithm (an open-source tool that maps and connects activities to the UN SDGs by identifying SDG-relevant content in any text) to classify these descriptive texts. Combined with the number of enrolments and course category classifications, this study analysed the current presence of sustainable development in MOOCs, based on text analyses.

Findings

The findings revealed the distribution of SDGs among the three most influential MOOC platforms and different categories, the most relevant keywords to SDGs, and the most often referred topics. The results indicated that the enrolment number of MOOCs labelled with SDGs is generally lower than those without SDG labels and the situation varies among course categories.

Originality/value

This study verified the general pattern of distribution of different SDGs in education for sustainable development (ESD) of MOOCs, with the breadth and depth of the MOOC content analysis surpassing existing research. Based on these findings, MOOC platforms should further increase attention to ESD on their websites. This study also verified the feasibility of using machine learning methods to quantitatively evaluate the sustainable development context of text within the framework of the SDGs.
Examining the critical barriers to NZEBs’ implementation in the Ghanaian construction industry
Authors: Pittri Hayford , Oduro Samuel , Atibila David Wireko , Kwasafo Oscar Kwame , Abdallah Aisha , Anteh Eunice Deedei
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Net zero energy buildings (NZEBs) are essential for reducing the environmental consequences of the construction industry. However, its uptake within the industry has been limited, and the inherent barriers remain not fully explored especially in developing countries. This paper aims to examine the critical barriers that hinder the implementation of NZEBs in the construction sector of developing economies like Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative data were collected from 80 construction professionals in the Ghanaian construction industry (GCI) using online survey questionnaires. The data set underwent analysis following a four-level analytical protocol comprising reliability test analysis, mean score ranking, exploratory factor analysis and fuzzy synthetic evaluation.

Findings

Market readiness barriers were considered the most crucial barriers to the implementation of NZEBs in the GCI with an index of 4.023. This was followed by awareness and policy barriers with an index of 4.007. Finally, resistance to change, then cost and capacity barriers were ranked third and fourth, based on their indices of 3.763 and 3.615, respectively.

Originality/value

The results of this research shed light on a relatively unexplored area within the construction sector, particularly in a developing country like Ghana. The findings of this study will provide valuable information to support policy reviews and formulation and buttress the drive towards sustainability and achieving NZEBs.
Artificial intelligence and the quality of accounting information in Palestinian industrial companies
Authors: Awwad Bahaa Subhi , Alkababji Majdi Wael , Razia Bahaa Subhi
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to identify the impact of adopting different techniques of artificial intelligence including (expert systems, machine learning, neural networks and algorithms) in improving the quality of accounting information characteristics such as; appropriateness, faithful representation and verifiability in Palestinian industrial enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach

Employees from 13 companies registered on the Palestine Stock Exchange for 2023 were selected. Moreover, the sample included 326 randomly chosen participants. A questionnaire was distributed to participants to collect data, and a descriptive-analytical approach was followed to achieve the study’s aim and examine its hypotheses.

Findings

The results showed that the use of artificial intelligence techniques (expert systems, machine learning, neural networks and algorithms) has a positive effect on improving the quality of accounting information characteristics (relevance, faithful representation and verifiability). Expert systems, neural network applications and algorithms contribute to developing solutions to various problems in industrial companies; discovering fraudulent practices in financial statements; and obtaining more accurate, faster and more reliable results. Machine learning also links the company’s systems together simultaneously and in an integrated and effective manner.

Research limitations/implications

The research relied on the industrial sector only because expanding society is difficult due to the general conditions in Palestine, and the results may vary between different sectors due to the nature of their work and activity.

Practical implications

Industrial companies’ efforts to benefit from artificial intelligence applications in their work increase the quality of accounting information, which in turn reflects the company’s real situation and helps in making the necessary decisions efficiently and effectively.

Originality/value

This study contributes to directing the attention of financiers and accountants working in Palestinian industrial companies to the importance of applying artificial intelligence techniques to ensure the highest quality characteristics of accounting information through the preparation of accounting programmes that rely on artificial intelligence to operate, thus achieving the maximum degree of advantage in compiling financial data from its sources, operation and conversion into useful financial information for its users.
A need for a comprehensive health financing strategy in Pakistan: an analysis of key health financing issues
Authors: Khan Mohsin Raza , Nazir Muhammad Arsalan , Afzal Sabeen
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the challenges in financing the healthcare system of Pakistan and develop a comprehensive health financing strategy aimed at achieving universal health coverage (UHC).

Design/methodology/approach

The paper utilizes World Health Organization (WHO) framework on health financing to build the argument. It uses qualitative research design involving focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including Federal Board of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, Planning Commission, development partners, academia and health ministries at federal and provincial levels, as well as social health insurance entities.

Findings

The research findings highlight several critical issues within Pakistan’s healthcare system: Firstly, health spending is inadequate to provide financial protection to 24 million people. Secondly, the available health funding is allocated in clusters and caters primarily to specific groups, which exacerbates inequities in healthcare provision. Thirdly, the existence of multiple purchasing agents who operate concurrently to buy health services results in duplication and wastage of resources. Fourthly, the public financial management system, intended to support the swift distribution of public funds to health facilities, is not aligned with the requirements of the health system. Lastly, the devolved health setup has led to governance issues in managing the health sector.

Originality/value

This study fills a significant gap in the literature on health financing within Pakistan and proposes a unique empirical approach using WHO’s framework in a decentralized healthcare context. It also provides actionable recommendations for policymakers to develop strategies that improve the effectiveness of public financial management and health service delivery.
Skilled migrant hiring and selection: organisations’ challenges in embracing diversity in recruitment
Authors: Tran Thi Tuyet , Muenjohn Nuttawuth , Montague Alan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper used Zikic’s (2015) integrated framework for managing diversity to review the skilled migrant literature and explore reasons non-English-speaking background (NESB) skilled migrants (SMs) are disadvantaged in the host country recruitment market. This research examines organisations’ role in attracting and facilitating the entry of NESB SMs to their organisations and embracing diversity and inclusion in the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a systematic literature review following the integrated framework combining the intelligent career theory and the resource-based view. This framework allows the exploration of the challenges NESB SMs face with their career capital in the host country concerning the people management systems and processes organisations often use in recruitment.

Findings

This review revealed multiple challenges NESB SMs face when negotiating their workplace transition in the host country destinations. The study shows that the underutilisation and underemployment among NESB SMs are partly caused by these SMs’ foreign experiences but mainly by the host countries’ “NESB SM-unfriendly” recruitment practices. It also uncovers gaps between macro, meso and micro levels in SM recruitment.

Research limitations/implications

A limitation inherent in a systematic literature review is that the effectiveness of the search is contingent upon the quality of the search strings used. Second, the core themes in the synthesis were identified following Zikic’s (2015) integrated framework and focused only on individual/micro factors of SMs and meso/organisational factors. Many other structural and contextual factors were not included in the review. This review is also limited to NESB SMs’ recruitment. Nonetheless, this process helps us achieve the core aim set for this review, to explore the reasons behind the hardships NESB SMs face when searching for ways to enter the host professional job market and the role of organisations in attracting and facilitating NESB SMs’ labour market entry.

Originality/value

This research connected NESB SMs’ micro-level difficulties to the meso layer of organisations’ HRM policies. This review clarified the role of organisational strategic HRM in attracting and welcoming NESB SMs into their organisation before leveraging their career diversity. The findings from the review also assisted in extending Zikic’s (2015) integrated framework.
Employee adaptation in the return-to-office era within financial institutions
Authors: Magliozzi Polina
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the post-return-to-office challenges faced by the internal audit (IA) division of a financial services firm, focusing on employee retention. It aims to explore policy adjustments necessary to align with the evolving expectations of a workforce influenced by Generation Z and the pandemic-induced shifts in work dynamics.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a systematic review methodology, the study follows a seven-stage process, including the development of research questions, protocol creation, evidence gathering, quality assessment, data extraction and synthesizing the findings. This approach ensures a comprehensive analysis of the current state of employee satisfaction and retention strategies within the IA division.

Findings

The study identifies three critical insights: the need for enhanced flexibility and a better work–life balance, a growing demand for continuous learning opportunities, and the importance of promoting equity and inclusion within the workplace.

Research limitations/implications

Conducted within an 11-week time frame, this rapid evidence assessment faced time limitations and relied on a single researcher and limited databases. The assessment might not encompass external factors affecting employee retention, like industry changes, economic fluctuations or competitive shifts.

Practical implications

To augment retention, management should prioritize implementing flexible work policies, nurturing a culture of continuous learning and addressing equity and inclusion gaps within the division.

Social implications

This study has a significant social impact as it seeks to understand and quantify factors that contribute to the retention of Generation Z employees in financial institutions. Organizations can tailor their policies and practices to better support and retain this generation in the workforce, ultimately leading to a more engaged and satisfied workforce. This, in turn, can have broader societal implications, such as reducing turnover rates, improving job satisfaction and fostering a more inclusive and supportive work environment for all employees.

Originality/value

This research provides a fresh perspective on how management can better support employee retention through policy adaptations, particularly in the context of transitioning back to in-office work. The findings offer valuable insights into the unique needs of Generation Z employees, who represent a significant portion of the workforce and the broader implications for workplace policies in a postpandemic world.
Assessment of organizer model and conventional teaching method for improved student learning performance: a gamification-based perspective
Authors: Serbaya Suhail H. , Rizwan Ali , Sánchez-Chero Manuel , Mushtaq Iram , Kaswan Mahender Singh , Garza-Reyes Jose Arturo
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The main objective of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of the advance organizer model (AOM) versus the conventional teaching method (CTM) in teaching high school math using game-based learning (GBL) for improved student learning performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from 480 students, covering sociodemographics, educational identifiers and actions, were collected across two semesters. The research analyzed factors like interest, motivation, and problem-solving abilities to assess the impact of teaching methods. A quasi-experimental design, due to non-randomized group selection, was used, mitigating differences via analysis of covariance. Students were split into control and test groups, and test scores before and after administering the treatment were calculated. Hypothesis testing was carried out to find the effectiveness of AOM versus CTM. The sample contains a diverse sociodemographic background and educational setting. 175 students in the sample were female and 305 were male. The sample was made up of 14 nationalities, including Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Peru, Iraq and Lebanon. Parent participation was also incorporated through parental satisfaction surveys.

Findings

Despite unknown group differences, the study found significant differences in Mean Retention Scores between the AOM and CTM groups. This suggests that AOM has considerable advantages in teaching mathematics over CTM.

Originality/value

The study of the first kind that explores the effectiveness of different teaching methods based on gamification perspective for improving student performance.
Investigating rainwater harvesting system efficiency in Taiwan: A study on constructing precipitation variation indicators and assessing climate change impact
Authors: Liao Ming‐Cheng , Sung Wen‐Pei , Li Yun
Published: November 2024

The global water scarcity crisis demands innovative solutions, and rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS) offer a promising alternative. Focused on Taiwan's abundant rainfall, this study explores RWHS efficiency amidst changing precipitation patterns due to global climate change. Analyzing data from 1981 to 2020 across 20 stations, it scrutinizes variations in precipitation quantities, frequencies, seasonality indices, and dry period durations. Through rigorous analysis and simulation, it assesses RWHS operation efficiency metrics like potable water substitution and reliability. Utilizing principal component analysis, the study develops precipitation variation indicators to forecast RWHS efficiency, revealing significant variations in seasonality index and precipitation frequency. Despite declining long‐term efficiency, the study finds relatively modest variations in water‐savings percentage, suggesting avenues for mitigation. With a notable 78.04% explained variance, the study's credibility is reinforced, supported by high coefficients of determination (R2) for predicted water‐savings percentage (0.91) and reliability (0.90). Additionally, the study highlights factors impacting RWHS efficiency, advocating tailored approaches considering local precipitation patterns, building types, and population density. By optimizing RWHS design to diverse settings, effective water resource management and sustainability goals can be achieved. This research serves as a valuable guide in navigating RWHS implementation amidst a changing climate landscape.
Chemical conspicuousness, ant organs, and specificity in myrmecophilous caterpillars partitioning ant–plant systems
Authors: Lima Luan Dias , Assis Diego Santana , Nascimento Fábio Santos do , Kaminski Lucas Augusto
Published: November 2024

Resource partitioning among sympatric species is crucial for assembling ecological communities, such as caterpillar–ant assemblages in tropical forests. Myrmecophilous caterpillars use behavioral and chemical strategies to coexist with ants, avoiding attacks. While these strategies are well‐understood in single pair of interacting species, such as those involving myrmecophiles and ants, their role in complex multitrophic interactions that include several species of plants, herbivores and ants remains unclear. We aimed to identify the role of cuticular hydrocarbons and specialized morphological structures that caterpillars use to interact with ants (called ant organs) in the recognition process between two riodinid caterpillar species and their respective ant–plant systems. We hypothesized that caterpillars’ cuticular profiles would be conspicuous, possessing cues of rewards to ants, allowing specific ants to recognize and not attack them on plants. We performed experiments exposing caterpillars to ants to assess the role of larval ant organs and the specificity of caterpillar–ant interactions on plants. We analyzed cuticular hydrocarbons of caterpillars, ant workers and plants using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Our experiments showed that larval ant organs were activated according to each treatment and caterpillars were consistently accepted by their associated ants when transferred to host plants occupied by the same ant species. However, caterpillars transferred to plants with a non‐associated ant species that do not tend them were often killed. This highlights the specificity of these interactions. Caterpillar cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, while present in far lower amounts than those of ant workers and plants, were distinctive, suggesting a strategy of chemical conspicuousness that helps caterpillars to be recognized by ants and prevents attacks in specific ant–plant systems. Our results indicate that ants recognize conspicuous cuticular hydrocarbons, while caterpillars convey multimodal signals from ant organs during interactions, which are essential for caterpillar survival in these specific interactions.
Climate change and cetacean habitat suitability in the Mediterranean Sea: a challenge for Marine Strategy Framework Directive D1C4, D1C5 criteria
Authors: D'Amen M. , Fortuna C. M. , Holcer D. , Panigada S. , Bonora N. , Lauriano G.
Published: November 2024

Climate change is known to have a range of impacts on the marine environment, including the continuous variation of the distribution of species, and can cause significant challenges in planning conservation measures. This study focuses on the current and future habitat suitability of the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba), the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) in the Mediterranean Sea. We integrated data collected in the Mediterranean Sea between 2009 and 2021 from official National and International research programs with public datasets and considered Earth Observation variables from the Copernicus Programme. We applied an ensemble of Species Distribution Models to predict their current and future potential distribution at the Mediterranean subregional scale under two climate change scenarios in the 2045–2055 period. Results suggest a reduction in suitable habitat for the three species. The fin whale and the bottlenose dolphin would be forced outside large portions of their current range and would have to deal with new conditions outside their ‘range of tolerance’. For the striped dolphin, the loss of a portion of suitable habitat would be compensated by the potential colonization of new suitable areas. This work draws attention to the dynamism of species distribution under shifting climatic conditions, a usually underestimated aspect, and highlights the importance of potential future patterns of species distribution in addressing the MSFD D1C4 and D1C5 criteria. This will support decision‐makers in planning long‐term sustainable management of European Seas.
Trajectories of medication for opioid use disorder and their impact on HIV testing among people who inject drugs in India: A longitudinal assessment of clinic‐based data
Authors: McFall Allison M. , Ganapathi Lakshmi , Gunaratne Mihili P. , Srikrishnan Aylur K. , Vasudevan Conjeevaram K. , Anand Santhanam , Solomon Sunil S. , Mehta Shruti H. , Lucas Gregory M.
Published: November 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to identify longitudinal trajectories of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) use throughout 1 year following MOUD initiation and to examine the association of trajectory membership with HIV testing among people who inject drugs in India.

Design, setting and participants

The study comprised group‐based trajectory modeling using longitudinal clinic‐based MOUD use data, set in seven Indian cities with integrated care centers (ICC) delivering MOUD, predominantly buprenorphine, in 2018−2019. A total of 1562 people who inject drugs who initiated MOUD for the first time at an ICC between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2018 were included in this study. Median age was 26 years, 98% were male and 22% were living with HIV.

Measurements

Daily directly observed MOUD visits were biometrically verified and entered into an electronic database. A dichotomous variable for MOUD use each day throughout 1 year following initiation was created for the trajectory models. Client socio‐demographics, HIV status and testing at the ICC and dose were extracted from the clinical database.

Findings

We found five MOUD trajectory groups: (1) early dropout (41%), (2) late dropout (18%), (3) delayed dropout (10%), (4) intermittent use (12%) and (5) persistent use (19%). Differences between the dropout groups were characterized by the rate of decline in MOUD use over time. The late dropout group had an 18% higher rate of HIV testing [adjusted rate ratio (aRR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–1.27] and those with persistent MOUD use had a 91% higher rate of testing (aRR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.77–2.05) compared with the early dropout group.

Conclusions

Nearly 70% of clients initiating medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) at integrated care centers (ICCs) in India stop MOUD use within 1 year, with trajectories characterized by the rate of decline in engagement. Clients with better MOUD adherence appear to return more frequently for HIV testing at the ICCs, underscoring the value of integrated care models.
Age‐related changes in information‐seeking behavior about morally relevant events
Authors: Yonas Daniel , Solomon Larisa Heiphetz
Published: November 2024

With age, people increasingly emphasize intent when judging transgressions. However, people often lack information about intent in everyday settings; further, they may wonder about reasons underlying pro‐social acts. Three studies investigated 4‐to‐6‐year‐olds', 7‐to‐9‐year‐olds', and adults' (data collected 2020–2022 in the northeastern United States, total n = 669, ~50% female, predominantly White) desire for information about why behaviors occurred. In Study 1, older children and adults exhibited more curiosity about transgressions versus pro‐social behaviors (ds = 0.52–0.63). Younger children showed weaker preferences to learn about transgressions versus pro‐social behaviors than did older participants (d = 0.12). Older children's emphasis on intent, but not expectation violations, drove age‐related differences (Studies 2–3). Older children may target intent‐related judgments specifically toward transgressions, and doing so may underlie curiosity about wrongdoing.
Parents' experiences of early screening for cerebral palsy: A qualitative reflexive thematic analysis
Authors: Cameron Kate L. I. , Coulston Free , Kwong Amanda Ka‐Ling , Whittingham Koa , Morgan Catherine , Boyd Roslyn N. , Crowle Cathryn , Sakakini Hiam , Spittle Alicia
Published: November 2024

Aim

To explore parents' experiences of early screening for cerebral palsy (CP) in three Australian states.

Method

This is a qualitative description study using semi‐structured interviews. Participants were parents of children who had CP (n = 5), or high risk of CP (n = 10), or no CP (n = 11) at 2 years, and had completed early screening for CP. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes describe parents' experiences of early screening. (1) ‘A new, destabilized world’ explores how parents are thrown into an unexpected parenting pathway with the birth of an infant at high risk of having developmental challenges. (2) ‘Early is best … but not easy’ explores parents' desire for information, screening, and developmental support, to be delivered as early as possible, even when this was experienced as emotionally challenging. (3) ‘Trying to reach stable ground’ describes the resources and actions parents used to move forward and reach a place of stability and control. These included access to knowledge, proactive ‘next steps’, and supportive relationships with health‐care professionals.

Interpretation

Parents valued and desired early information and support for their child regardless of a diagnosis of CP. Early screening was most valued when it was clearly associated with practical supports, such as early intervention and access to funding.
Postnatal glycaemic outcomes in women with high‐risk gestational diabetes: Identifying key predictors for early intervention
Authors: Eng Pei Chia , Lee Soo Hoon , Der Teo Ada Ee , Lim Dawn Se Teng , Tan Lyeann Li Ying , Tan Guat Kian , Tai E. Shyong , Phan Phillip , Khoo Chin Meng
Published: November 2024

Aims

Women with gestational diabetes (GDM) have increased lifetime risk of developing diabetes. We aim to determine the factors contributing to poor adherence of the postpartum oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and identify key predictors to postpartum dysglycaemia in our Asian cohort.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women with high‐risk GDM (n = 561). High‐risk women with GDM were defined as (1) women with diabetic‐range glucose excursions on an antepartum OGTT, (2) women diagnosed GDM on early OGTT and (3) women requiring ≥20 units of insulin during antepartum period. We use logistic regression predictive models to associate maternal variables with postpartum OGTT attendance and glucose tolerance status postnatally.

Results

Between March 2020 to March 2024, 58.7% (n = 329) of women returned for postpartum OGTT. Predictors for attendance of postpartum OGTT were Chinese ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.14–3.89]), pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (OR 0.95 [95% CI 0.90–0.99]), first GDM (OR 2.34 [95% CI 1.39–3.96]) and 2‐h glucose threshold on antepartum OGTT (OR 0.87 [95% CI 0.76–0.99]). Ethnicity influences postnatal dysglycaemia outcomes in our cohort. Chinese women, compared to women of Malay ethnicity, had a 4.5‐odds of persistent postpartum dysglycaemia. An antenatal HbA1c of ≥5.7% and an elevated 2‐h post‐OGTT glucose value significantly predict postpartum dysglycaemia independent of ethnicity.

Conclusion

Ethnicity‐specific prediction models integrating antepartum OGTT and HbA1c predict postpartum dysglycaemia in a multiethnic Southeast Asian cohort. Using these predictive models, we could identify high‐risk patients for early intervention.
Basic and preclinical epilepsy research Scientists' perception of clinical epileptology
Authors: de Curtis Marco , Asukile Melody , Battaglia Giulia , Sellin Annabelle , Cavalheiro Esper , Galovic Marian , Gelinas Jennifer N. , Ikeda Akio , Patel Manisha , Perucca Piero , Potschka Heidrun , Rocha Luisa , Triki Chahnez , Wilmshurst Jo M. , Gaillard William , Deleo Francesco , Cendes Fernando , Cross J. Helen , Galanopoulou Aristea S. ,   Research & Innovation Task Force of the ILAE
Published: November 2024

The interaction between basic science epilepsy researchers and clinical epileptologists is a longstanding issue. Efforts to provide opportunities for a dialogue between preclinical and clinical epilepsy professionals are crucial to reduce the knowledge gap between them and improve the translational success of neurobiology‐based research. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Research and Innovation Task Force circulated a survey to investigate the need for an update on new clinical epilepsy concepts within the basic science community. The 336 respondents included basic scientists (BS), preclinical scientists (PCSs), and/or clinical scientists (CSs). The majority of the 237 BSs/PCSs were engaged in preclinical studies in translational epilepsy research and declared translational research as a priority research interest. Fewer respondents from low‐middle‐income countries than from upper‐middle or high‐income countries (40.7% vs 65%) considered translational research a critical aspect of their research. A broad understanding of both clinical and neurobiological aspects of epilepsy was declared by 48% of BSs/PCSs; 96% of CSs declared a superficial knowledge of neurobiology of epilepsy. Most BSs/PCSs were aware that epilepsy is a complex condition that should be investigated with the help of clinical epileptologists, even though concerns were expressed on the relationship with clinicians. A focused training program on emerging clinical epileptological aspects tailored for BSs/PCSs was recommended by 81% of the participants; the majority of respondents preferred either 1‐ or 2‐week in‐presence tutoring or continuous online training coordinated by ILAE at the regional/national level. The survey also underscored the value of educational programs on neurobiology of epilepsy targeting CSs and low‐middle‐income countries (LMIC) investigators.
Sensitivity of the German Eel Model to Key Inputs and Uncertainties
Authors: Radinger Johannes , DeWeber Tyrell , Simon Janek , Fladung Erik , Brämick Uwe
Published: November 2024

Informed recovery of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) requires reliable information on stock dynamics and effects of management. No global European eel stock model is presently available, so demographic or extrapolation models are used to estimate eel production at local sub‐stock levels. Model inputs are often difficult to estimate and highly uncertain, which can affect accuracy of predictions. A sensitivity analysis was thus applied to the German Eel Model for the River Weser to evaluate how uncertainties in ten key input variables affected predicted eel escapement biomass. Uncertainty in the proportion of female eels and their age‐specific natural mortality, hydropower‐related mortality, and restocking had the largest influence on overall uncertainty. Conversely, uncertainty in eel predation by cormorants and age composition of immigrating male eels had small effects on outcome uncertainty. Based on expert judgment about the difficulty of parameter estimation, number of restocked eels, the proportion of females among outmigrants, and losses due to hydropower are the most feasible variables to address through monitoring. Better estimation of input variables and their uncertainties is crucial to improve eel stock assessment and management.
A core outcome set for prophylaxis and perioperative treatment of von Willebrand disease: The coreVWD initiative
Authors: Clearfield Elizabeth , Kim Benjamin , Ford Sarah , Connell Nathan T. , Santaella Maria E. , Lavin Michelle , Degenaar‐Dujardin Manon E. L. , Ayoub Emily , Flood Veronica H. , Rotellini Dawn , Skinner Mark W. , James Paula ,   the coreVWD Panel
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Treatment options are expanding for von Willebrand disease (VWD). A core outcome set (COS)—a minimum set of agreed‐upon outcomes to be used in every clinical trial for a given condition—provides guidance on which outcomes are most important to measure to ensure necessary data is collected for a variety of stakeholders and enable comparison across products and trials.

Aim

coreVWD aimed to develop a COS for trials for prophylaxis and perioperative treatments for VWD.

Methods

A modified Delphi consensus process was used to condense/prioritize a long list of potential outcomes. Over three Delphi rounds, a multi‐stakeholder panel (patients, clinicians, pharmaceutical company representatives, HTA organizations, payer, and government organization representatives) rated each outcome from 1 (not important to include in a COS) to 9 (essential to include). Outcomes were eliminated or retained based on pre‐determined criteria; a special provision to elevate patient priorities was included. An in‐person consensus meeting was held after Delphi round 2.

Results

Thirty‐nine panellists participated. The final COS for prophylaxis treatment included 18 outcomes, seven of which are part of a special subset selected for women, girls and people with the potential to menstruate. There were 11 outcomes in the final perioperative branch COS. Six outcomes overlapped both COS.

Conclusions

The coreVWD COS represents a consensus list of outcomes for clinical trials for both factor and non‐factor VWD therapies. These outcomes will be useful across the lifecycle of a product, from clinical development through regulatory and market access phases and into patient‐provider decision‐making.
Environmental drivers of female reproductive investment in egg quantity and quality in a grassland sparrow
Authors: Sroor Elizabeth N. , Boyle W. Alice , Castro‐Miller Henry N. , Hobbs Kristen S. , Reynaldo Miriam D. , Silber Katy M. , Mohankumar Narmadha M. , Wright Nathalie A. , Freeman Nikole E.
Published: November 2024

Female investment in reproduction is a critical component of life history that influences both the fitness of the female and her offspring. Oviparous females can allocate energy into egg size and/or clutch size, and this allocation can vary over lifetimes, within populations and among species. However, we know little about whether investment decisions shift within breeding seasons and the factors that influence female reproductive strategies. We studied endogenous and exogenous factors associated with variation in female reproductive investment by measuring 860 eggs from 240 clutches laid by Grasshopper Sparrows Ammodramus savannarum between 2014 and 2019 at the Konza Prairie Biological Station in Manhattan, Kansas, USA. As the breeding season progressed, females laid smaller clutches of heavier eggs, indicating a shift in investment towards fewer but higher quality young. Females that were heavier than expected given their body size laid heavier and larger eggs, but maternal body condition was not related to clutch size. Brood parasitism by Brown‐headed Cowbirds Molothrus ater reduced the number of Grasshopper Sparrow eggs in nests, but was unrelated to host egg size or the total number of eggs that a female incubated, implying that sparrows do not adjust investment in response to parasitism risk. Pre‐laying ambient temperature and precipitation were not associated with egg size, yet females tended to lay more eggs under rainier conditions. Overall, we provide evidence that both endogenous and exogenous factors shape female reproductive investment. Understanding the flexibility of reproductive strategies in response to multiple sources of selection, and how this mediates key trade‐offs that influence demographic rates, can be used in forecasting population growth of bird species affected by anthropogenic changes to breeding areas.
Anyone can cook, but only the fearless can be a great chef
Authors: Villablanca Eduardo J
Published: November 2024

Role models play a crucial role in inspiring and guiding careers in science, offering tangible examples of success and resilience. Reflecting on my journey from a small town in southern Chile to leading a lab at Karolinska Institutet, I've learned that relatable role models are particularly impactful for overcoming imposter syndrome and fostering a sense of belonging in academia. Early in my career, I drew inspiration from peers and mentors, gradually building my confidence and embracing my strengths. Later, exposure to interdisciplinary role models expanded my horizons and shaped my approach to science. Now, as a PI, I see my role as both a coach and mentor, fostering a team dynamic that amplifies individual strengths. Success in science often stems from fearlessness, adaptability and a willingness to seize opportunities, even when the outcome is uncertain. My journey demonstrates that good scientists can come from anywhere, including a small town in southern Chile.
Understanding Why People Experiencing a Mental Health Crisis Leave the Emergency Department Before Care: A Qualitative Interpretive Study
Authors: Innes S. , Steel P. , Jack E. , Brann P. , Hope J.
Published: November 2024

A number of people experiencing a mental health crisis who present to a hospital emergency department (ED) do not wait (DNW) for assessment or care and leave. This phenomenon is poorly understood and offers an opportunity to enhance quality of care. We sought to understand the characteristics and reasons of those who DNW for assessment or care, and what happens after leaving the ED. We used a semi‐structured telephone interview method with open‐ended and single choice responses. Participants were recruited from Eastern Health hospitals who had been referred from the ED for specialist mental health care. Respondents (N = 42) tended to be female adults in their 30s, accompanied by another person, and seeking short‐term relief and long‐term care for a mental health crisis. It became increasingly obvious over time to participants that the cost of waiting was outweighed by the benefit of leaving. A range of factors were identified that took them to this tipping point. Over half reported their condition as having improved and did not seek further care after leaving the ED. Respondents thought a comfortable ‘safe place’ and communication that conveyed respect and reduced uncertainty while waiting would reduce early leaving. There were challenges in engaging a DNW population. Nonetheless this study offers valuable insights into this phenomenon in an ED setting. Many of the expressed views for reducing DNW appear to be reasonable and achievable.
“My Body Changed a Lot After Taking Medication. I'm Trying to Hide It but…” A Qualitative Exploration of Body Image Experiences of Women Living With Schizophrenia
Authors: Şengün İnan Figen , Tuncer Gülsüm Zekiye , Çetinkaya Duman Zekiye
Published: November 2024

Although body image is one of the essential concepts that should be addressed in comprehensive care, the question of how body image affects women with schizophrenia remains unanswered. This study aimed to explore the body image experiences of women living with schizophrenia. This study employed a qualitative approach and participants were recruited from a community mental health center in Türkiye. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 18 women with schizophrenia. Data were analysed via content analysis. The data were categorised into five themes: (i) body image evaluation, (ii) factors affecting body image, (iii) effects of body image distortion, (iv) coping with body image challenges and (v) protective factors. Schizophrenia affects body functionality, appearance and the self. Women living with schizophrenia experience feelings of shame, sadness, worthlessness and anger related to their body appearance. Body image distortion leads to social distancing and treatment compliance problems. Mental health nurses should support patients to express their feelings and thoughts about the body and recognise their beliefs about ideal body image. Patients should be supported with psychoeducational interventions in the management of symptoms associated with body image disturbance such as weight gain, galactorrhea, sedation and hypersalivation.
Similar, but Not the Same: Time and Mode of Climatic Niche Evolution in a Highly Endemic Lineage
Authors: Padilha Patricia , Brum Fernanda Thiesen , Mello‐Silva Renato , Sacramento Isaac , Alcantara Suzana
Published: November 2024

Aim

Plant lineages are disproportionally diverse in areas characterised by specific climatic regimes. The campos rupestres habitats in the mountains of Eastern/Central Brazil, for instance, display huge plant endemism and high precipitation seasonality. The genus Vellozia is an emblematic group in there, with most species being endemic and few occurring disjunctively across mountain outcrops of the Neotropics. We aim to test the climate conservatism in the genus, as suggested by its high levels of endemism.

Location

Neotropic.

Taxon

Genus Vellozia (Velloziaceae, monocots).

Methods

We combined MAXENT ecological niche models (ENM) and phylogenetic comparative analyses. Niche overlap between species was estimated based on the environmental similarity and the spatial overlap projected by the ENM. We also traced the climatic niche in the environmental space to describe how its divergence accumulated through time.

Results

We found varying levels, from 16% to 100%, of species pairs displaying niche overlap across distinct lineages of the genus. When niches overlap, they are more similar than expected by chance and not due to habitat availability, suggesting habitat selection. Niche similarity estimates in both ecological and geographical space did not exhibit conserved phylogenetic signals. There was an expressive disparification in the climatic niches in the last 5 m.y., decoupled from the earlier peaks of lineages diversification.

Main Conclusions

Contrary to the expected, we found labile and fast evolution of climatic niches, implying that endemisms do not result from climate niche conservatism in Vellozia. The most diverse clade of Vellozia occupies cooler and wetter environments than the ancestral and other extant lineages of the genus. This pattern contrasts with the historical climatic turnover, for example, cooling‐arid vs. warming‐wet periods, established since the Pliocene glacial cycles. Moreover, it also poses additional challenges for this lineage and its associated habitats in the face of the current climate change.
Impact of Mediterranean Diet Adherence on the Incidence of New‐Onset Hypertension in Adults With Obesity in Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Jung‐Hwan , Lee Ji‐Won , Lee Yaeji , Nam Chung‐Mo , Kwon Yu‐Jin
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and new‐onset hypertension (HTN) in a cohort of community‐dwelling, middle‐aged, older Korean individuals with obesity. We used data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, a population‐based prospective cohort study. The Korean version of the MD Adherence Screener was used to evaluate compliance with the MD. The primary endpoint was the incidence of new‐onset HTN. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval for HTN incidence with increasing MD adherence. Data from 1995 participants with obesity without HTN at baseline were analyzed. After adjusting for confounders, participants with moderate (Group 2) and high adherence (Group 3) to the MD had HRs for new‐onset HTN of 0.72 (0.57–0.90) and 0.73 (0.56–0.95), respectively, compared with those with low adherence (Group 1). Sex and age differences were associated with MD adherence and HTN incidence. The association between MD adherence and HTN incidence was only significant in males and in participants aged 40–64 years. There was no significant association between MD adherence and new‐onset HTN in females or those aged ≥ 65 years. In conclusion, this study found a significant association between adherence to the MD and a reduction in new‐onset HTN in Korean adults with obesity. Considering its value and sustainability, the adoption of the MD may contribute to the prevention of new‐onset HTN in populations with obesity.
Does sleep quality mediate the association between post‐traumatic stress disorder symptom severity and pain interference in trauma‐affected refugees?
Authors: Friis Joakim , Sandahl Hinuga , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Svendsen Kristina Bacher , Jennum Poul , Carlsson Jessica
Published: November 2024

Poor sleep quality is well recognised in both post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and pain conditions. Comorbid chronic pain is prevalent in populations with PTSD and is believed to maintain symptoms of PTSD and increase the complexity of the condition. Ongoing diminished sleep quality may serve to maintain pain and PTSD symptoms, and thus affect the efficacy of first‐line PTSD treatment. This study examined the mechanisms underlying the PTSD–pain relationship over time by investigating if perceived sleep quality mediates the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and levels of pain interference. Furthermore, we considered whether the interrelation between these three variables could in fact be linked in an alternative model where the causality was reversed, with pain interference mediating the relation between PTSD severity and perceived sleep quality. Relationships among our variables were assessed within a path analysis framework, conducted and controlled for covariates using structural equation modelling and mediation analysis. The analysis of our hypothesised model revealed that improvement in perceived sleep quality was a significant partial mediator of the association between reduction in PTSD severity and pain interference. Approximately 28% of the effect of PTSD severity on pain interference was mediated by improvement in perceived sleep quality. Evaluation of our alternative model revealed a non‐significant mediation effect. Sleep thus represents a modifiable mechanism that contributes to the mutual maintenance of PTSD and pain. The study is the first to investigate these relationships in trauma‐affected refugees and thus contributes new knowledge and clinical implications for the treatment of poor sleep quality and pain symptomatology in trauma‐affected refugees.