bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulação da ciência e mobilização de olhares: o naturalismo francês mobilizado pela sociedade açucareira no Brasil da primeira metade do século XIX
Authors: Gomes Ramonildes Alves , Souza Rafael Dalyson dos Santos
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho busca investigar as características da mobilização da história natural pela literatura do açúcar de autoria da sociedade açucareira no Brasil no século XIX. Apropriando-se da história global das ciências, procuramos nos afastar dos autores pertencentes a uma história nacional (“nacionalismo metodológico”) que atribuiu à elite proprietária de terras no Brasil uma mentalidade antirreformas durante um período de quase três séculos de história. Indo na contramão desta interpretação, conseguimos identificar que a transição entre o século XVIII e o XIX presenciou um esforço coletivo para entender cientificamente a cana-de-açúcar e aprimorar a sua produção no Brasil. Através de livros e de memórias por atores como o botânico Frei Veloso, assim como por comerciantes e lavradores, e das suas citações a naturalistas, ponderamos que estas referências simbolizavam o compartilhamento não só das ideias científicas, mas também de visões de mundo, como o conservadorismo e o pragmatismo. Neste ínterim, concluímos que as referências à história natural francesa implicaram não apenas em uma apropriação de dados empíricos pela literatura do açúcar no Brasil, mas também de uma mobilização de aspectos político-sociais.
O processo de modernização urbana de jacobina: superando a “estagnação” e a “decadência” e trilhando o caminho do “progresso” (1955-1959)
Authors: Silva Edson
Published: August 2021

Na década de 1950, ocorreram mudanças substanciais no campo do urbanismo, na cidade de Jacobina (Bahia), especificamente nas ruas centrais, sendo construída uma nova materialidade e paisagem urbana. O presente artigo tem como propósito o estudo do processo de modernização urbana da cidade de Jacobina neste contexto, especificamente o trabalho circunscreve a analisar as obras de pavimentação das ruas do centro da cidade, a forma e o território urbano produzido pelas obras de urbanismo e o discurso da imprensa local sobre as transformações urbanas e a gestão municipal. Por outro lado, destaca a singularidade da experiência de modernização e da construção discursiva e simbólica sobre as mudanças urbanas.
SMOLKIN, Victoria. A Sacred Space is Never Empty: a history of soviet atheism. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2018.
Authors: Silva Ricardo Oliveira da
Published: August 2021

O livro explora a maneira como se percebe o anticomunismo, como conjunto de ideias e atividades de oposição e combate àquilo que é entendido como comunismo - no caso, a destruição da propriedade privada, da família, das liberdades políticas, econômicas e da religião -, é tema presente em nossa historiografia.
Emotional labor dynamics as precursors to mundane violence in a Philippine city jail
Authors: Nario-Lopez Hannah Glimpse
Published: August 2021

This paper analyzes narratives on emotional labor among officers working in an overpopulated and undermanned city jail in the Philippines. Taking off from Hochschild (1983) and Crawley (2004) as theoretical departure points and using Sikolohiyang Pilipino as an approach in deploying institutional ethnography, I forward three arguments that enrich the understanding of emotion management dynamics in the carceral setting. First, emotional labor in the city jail is largely based on rank. Rank is a fixed navigation point where officers need to be in their “rightful place” (lugar) in interacting with and expressing emotions to others. Second, leadership regimes in forms of sistema (substandard yet acceptable ways of doing things) or kalakaran (corrupted sistema) also dictate emotion regimes among officers in the facility. And third, narratives of professionalism dominate accounts that normalize, reify, moralize, and even prize emotional laboring. In contrast to existing literature, data suggest that emotion management can be endowing, as it clarifies expectations and harmonizes relationships. Officers, in addition, claim that they are willing to endure emotional labor as it helps them to be more dutiful as a public servant. In fact, officers value emotional labor with a nationalist tone. With strong appreciation for emotional management in the narratives, I end with critical reflections and forwarded interrogations on the danger of moralizing emotional labor and recommend further investigation of its aspects that could lead to mundane violence.
Desafiando as Fronteiras Entre Sindicatos e Movimentos Sociais em Meio à Pandemia: campanhas de coalizão em defesa do SUS na cidade de São Paulo em 2020
Authors: Ramos Alexandre Espreafico Guelerman
Published: August 2021

De que modo a profunda crise sócio-reprodutiva da pandemia de COVID-19 impactou as estratégias sindicais em cada contexto político-institucional? Neste trabalho, contribuímos a essa questão analisando as estratégias de coalizão entre sindicatos de saúde e movimentos sociais na cidade de São Paulo, mediante sete entrevistas semi-dirigidas realizadas com dirigentes do Sindicato dos Servidores Municipais de São Paulo (Sindsep) e lideranças de movimentos populares de saúde (atuantes também em conselhos gestores). Em São Paulo, os impactos da pandemia devem ser entendidos em conexão com uma gestão municipal (2017-2020) pouco permeável à sociedade civil e com políticas de precarização do sistema de saúde, incluindo desvalorização dos servidores públicos e terceirização das unidades de saúde (com efeitos não apenas sobre a qualidade dos serviços, mas também sobre a organização sindical). Em reação a esse contexto, sindicatos e movimentos sociais de saúde já vinham recorrendo a campanhas em coalizão antes mesmo da pandemia e, com o advento desta, buscaram mobilizar a comoção social e obtiveram êxito a nível local, apesar de importantes derrotas a nível do município. As campanhas analisadas apresentam distintos graus de “profundidade” e resultados, mas entre seus elementos importantes incluem-se, em geral: a realização de pequenos protestos e “atos relâmpago”; a combinação de comunicação através de redes sociais com a busca por chamar a atenção de veículos de imprensa; o apoio de parlamentares e de outros movimentos sociais dos bairros (em alguns casos mesmo de associações sem grande trajetória reivindicativa prévia); e apelos ao Ministério Público e ao Tribunal de Contas do Município.
Apresentação- Dossiê As fronteiras do trabalho em tempos de crise
Authors: Galhera Katiuscia Moreno , Framil Filho Ricardo , Ferreira Leonardo Antonio Silvano
Published: August 2021

Apresentação- Dossiê As fronteiras do trabalho em tempos de crise
STORY MAPPING STRATEGY TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ READING SKILL AT SMP AN-NUR WATUKOSEK PASURUAN
Authors: Isnani Zakiya
Published: August 2021

The main purpose of this research is to know the improvement of students’ reading skill in narrative text through story mapping strategy. this research was conducted at SMP An- Nur Watukosek-Pasuruan. this research is a classroom action research which is conducted in two cycles. this study was carried out on February to April 2021. the subjects were the eight grade students of SMP An-Nur Watukosek, Pasuruan. The data collection involved a number of instruments, namely preliminary test to know the reading ability firstly. Then, using post-test in the end of each cycle, questionnaires, and also an interview. The post-test used in each cycle to know the reading’s improvement after using story mapping strategy. The questionnaire in the form administrated to collect data about the students’ appreciation in learning reading using story mapping, both the teacher’s method, the students, and also story mapping itself. There were several steps in this research implementation, they are identifying the problems, planning, acting, observing and reflecting.the result showed that the students’ reading ability improved and the target of this research was achieved. And also they felt  easier to understand the text, because it consist of some elements, are orientation, complication, and resolution.. Keywords: Story mapping, reading skill
The Role of The Mosque in Economic Empowerment and Community Welfare Through MSMEs in The South Jakarta Region
Authors: Sofii Imam , Pertiwi Indah
Published: August 2021

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to map the various basic concepts of community empowerment to function mosques, actualize and develop socio-economic values. This research uses a qualitative research approach of participatory action research. namely interacting and socializing, so that it will improve capacity building and self-confidence from society. The research sites are Pondok Indah Grand Mosque and Jamiâ€™ Assakinah Mosque. The results of this study indicate that the role of the mosque in realizing the welfare of the community through UMKM is an actualization that is able to guarantee the economic independence of the community. It also helps the economic empowerment of the surrounding community, at the same time. The indicators found in these two mosques are the presences of professional and qualified personnel. They have the adequate infrastructure and strategic location surrounded by elite housing and offices. The mosque is easy to reach. Furthermore, it is close to objects that become empowerment, such as markets and street vendors. The economic empowerment of the mosque-based community was initiated by BMT, in order to optimize the function and role of the mosque as the center of civilization for the people and the economic welfare of the congregation or the community around the mosque. Besides that, it is also a strategy in order to empower the economy of the people by creating a Mosque Micro loan program (PMM). This program is designed for micro entrepreneurs who have difficulty obtaining or accessing capital.Â Keywords: mosque; economic empowerment; community welfare; UMKM
Dampak Riba Terhadap Sosial Ekonomi Pedagang Pasar; Studi Pedagang Pasar Semuli Raya Lampung Utara
Authors: Sudarto Aye
Published: August 2021

Abstract: In economic activity, capital is the most crucial thing. Obtaining that basic financial factor can be done independently or through submitting loans from other parties (investors). Until now, the lower class still have difficulty dealing with financial institutions, related to certain requirements. Consequently, they choose the easiest way, without any complicated pre-requirements, commonly known as loan sharks. This research is qualitative field research using descriptive analysis. The findings reveal that the reason these traders make capital submissions to moneylenders is because the process of borrowing money is fast and easy. They do not have to have valuables as collateral. In addition, the amount of money is moderately small. Relying on trust, they can immediately receive the loans. The rent-seeking among the community, practically, has a lot of negative impacts on the community's economy. The rent-seeking carried out in Semuli Raya, Abung Semuli Subdistrict, has caused the people's economy, especially the market traders, to be very disturbed both for their daily needs and even on the education of their children.Â Keywords: usury; market trader; money lender
Skill Entrepreneur dalam Meningkatkan Profitabilitas Pedagang Muslim di Pasar Sumput Driyorejo Gresik
Authors: Sutono Sutono , Sofia Sofia
Published: August 2021

Abstract: Skills in the world of entrepreneurship are the characteristics, traits, knowledge, and abilities that underlie a person in working and operating everything related to the tasks being carried out so that their performance is adequate. The purpose of this study is to describe entrepreneur skills in increasing the profitability of Driyorejo Muslim traders. This study hopes to obtain a new concept about the importance of entrepreneurship skills for Muslim traders in the Sumput market Driyorejo in increasing profitability in a sustainable business. Descriptive analysis is used to describe the condition of the research object. This study is a causality study that is used to measure the strength of the relationship between two or more variables, as well as to show the direction of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable or to question the cause and effect between variable X and variable Y. This is evidenced through simple regression analysis and based on the results hypothesis testing using the T-test, it is found that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is an influence between entrepreneurial skills on business profitability. Based on the results of this research, entrepreneurial skills influence the profitability of Driyorejo Muslim traders, Gresik regency.
Motivation of Students in the Learning English through Audio Visual Media
Authors: Mahmud Moh , Arrifqi Moh Izza
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the motivation of students in learning English through audio visual media in the eleventh grade at MA Al Amiriyyah Blokagung Banyuwangi then describe how motivation is used in learning English by using audio Audio Visual Media in the form of video. Furthermore, this study also aims to determine whether it is true that it maximally motivates students by using audio visual media. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative design, to collect data, the researcher uses several instruments, among others; (1) Observation, (2) Questionnaire, (3) Interview. The subjects of this research were 15 eleventh grade students at MA Al Amiriyyah Blokagung Banyuwangi where these class students were placed in a special dormitory in the form of the Syafa�atul Qur�an dormitory. The results showed that (1) student motivation can be said to be in a good category, according to the results of all these findings the researcher concluded that the motivation to learn English is 80.00% of the questionnaire results which can be said to be in "good motivation". Besides, from the results of the interview, the researcher concluded that student motivation in learning English was quite good. Students' motivation to learn in English is because the atmosphere is pleasant, the teacher delivers the material well and the material is easy to understand, (2) the factors behind the motivation to learn English besides liking the atmosphere in the English classroom, the teacher also combines methods and media in carrying out the learning process, so that students felt confident that it would be easy to understand and learn the material even though they are not yet speak properly due to very minimal vocabulary,
6. Sınıf fen bilimleri ders kitaplarının bilimsel içerik ve kazanımlar açısından incelenmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Mehmet , GÜNDÜZ Ertunç , ÇİMEN Osman , KARAKAYA Ferhat , ASLAN İzel
Published: August 2021

Fen bilimleri dersi çok farklı somut ve soyut kavramları içermektedir. Bu nedenle eğitim-öğretim sürecinde, gerek bilişsel gerekse duyuşsal alanlarda öğrencilerde pozitif etki oluşturabilecek öğretim materyalleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda ders kitapları en çok tercih edilen öğretim materyallerinden biridir. Ders kitapları, öğretim programının içerisinde yer alan konuların planlı bir şekilde aktarılmasında ve öğrencilere kavramların öğretilmesinde kullanılan öğretim materyalleridir. Bu nedenle ders kitaplarının hatalı bilgilerden arındırılmış olması gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından beş yıl süreyle Ortaokul ve İmam Hatip Ortaokulu 6.sınıf Fen Bilimleri Ders Kitabı olarak kabul edilen üç farklı kaynağın bilimsel içerik ve kazanımlar açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında ders kitaplarında yer alan “Vücudumuzdaki Sistemler” ve “Vücudumuzdaki Sistemler ve Sağlığı” ünitelerine odaklanılmıştır. Veriler, doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Ünitelerde yer alan bilgilerin bilimsel doğruluğunu tespit etmek amacıyla uluslararası kitaplar referans alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; dokular, eklemler, kaslar, kemikler, besinlerin sindirimi, emilimi, sindirim sistemi, dolaşım sistemi, kanın yapısı, boşaltım sistemi, sinir sistemi, solunum sistemi ve duyu organlarıyla ilgili öğrencilerde kavram yanılgılarının oluşmasına sağlayacak bilimsel yanlışların ve kavram karmaşalarının olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ünite değerlendirme sorularında bilimsel yanlışların, ölçme ve değerlendirme açısından hataların olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kazanımlar açısından ise, ders kitapların birbiriyle ve öğretim programıyla uyumsuzluklarının olduğu görülmüştür. Ders kitaplarındaki hataların düzeltilmesi ve kazanımlara uygun olarak hazırlanması eğitim-öğretim sürecinin geleceği açısından önemli olduğu söylenebilir.
The Effectiveness of Consumption between Temulawak Extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) and Katuk Leaves (Sauropus androgynous) towards Breast Milk Launch in Postpartum Mothers
Authors: Mayasari Putri Ardela  , Siti Aminah  , Supraptiningsih  , Faradilla Kartika Nuvitaningrum  , Anis Yuliana
Published: August 2021

Breast milk is the natural first food for babies. Its  provides all the energy and nutrients for babies in the first months of life. Breastfeeding is an excellent way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of babies.  Efforts to increase breast milk production are by consuming foods or ingredients that are believed to increase milk production. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza)  contains essential oils that can Temulawak contains essential oils that can stimulate breast milk production.  In addition, katuk leaves (Saoropus androgynus) also have the same effect on milk production. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effectiveness of consumption of temulawak extract and katuk leaves on the  breast milk's flow in postpartum mothers.   This research is a pre-experimental type with a two group pretest-posttest approach to 16 postpartum mothers who experience problems with the smooth flow of breast milk in each group. The results of the study were analyzed using the  Mann Whitney  test with p-value > (0.05), which means that there is no difference in the effectiveness of consuming temulawak extract and katuk leaves on the smooth flow of breast milk in postpartum mothers.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika pada Siswa SMP di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Setiawan Nanang , Azizah Putri Nur , Yuanita Vara Erni , Masruroh Viki , Rahmawati Pebriani , Mardikasari W Seftiana , Darmadi Darmadi
Published: August 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on various fields, one of which is in the field of education. During this pandemic, face-to-face learning in class did not run properly, turning into an online learning system. This study aims to describe students' learning difficulties, especially mathematics at the junior high school level during the pandemic. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The instrument used is an online questionnaire. The conclusion of this study is that most students use WhatsApp as an online learning medium. The most common obstacles experienced by students during online learning are due to the lack of internet network constraints in some student places and internet quotas. In addition, mathematics also becomes its own difficulties and challenges for students when learning online due to several factors, namely: (1) too many math problems are given, (2) limited space for interaction with teachers, (3) abstract objects studied, (4 ) too many formulas.
Effect of oregano water on Pythium density in soil and damping-off disease on bean plants
Authors: HATAT KARACA Gürsel , DEMİRBAŞ Emine
Published: August 2021

Pythium genus includes significant and destructive soil borne plant pathogens causing losses on many plants, especially by root rot and damping-off diseases. Like other soil borne pathogens, control of the diseases caused by this group is rather difficult. Usually fungicides are used against Pythium species, but investigations on alternative methods and chemicals gained importance because of the harmful effects of pesticides on human health and environment. Plant extracts and essential oils are among the safer alternative chemicals. Since oregano oil has high fungitoxic effect even in low concentrations, effect of oregano water, by-product of oregano oil, was investigated in this study against P. deliense, one of the most common and virulent species in Turkey. Oregano water obtained from Origanum onites, diluted with distilled water in 100, 80, 60, 40, 20, 10 and 5% rates was applied to soil and its effects on P. deliense population density in soil and severity of damping-off disease on bean plants caused by the pathogen were determined. As a result, all solutions containing oregano water over 10% rate significantly decreased pathogen populations in the soil samples taken every three days after the applications, and the least pathogen density was obtained with undiluted oregano water. Similarly, undiluted oregano water increased emergence rates of the bean seedlings and significantly decreased root and hypocotyl rot severity by suppressing the effect of the pathogen. In addition, application of oregano water supported the shoot and root development of the plants by decreasing the negative effect of the pathogen on plant growth. This study showed that oregano water was an effective alternative against Pythium related damping-off disease.
Bir Üniversite Hastanesindeki Aile Hekimliği Poliklinik Hastalarının Sağlık Okuryazarlık Düzeyleri ve İlişkili Etkenler
Authors: EMRE Nilüfer , ARSLAN Mehmet , EDİRNE Tamer , ÖZŞAHİN Aysun , ÇİĞDEM Aylin
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Çalışmada, aile hekimliği polikliniğine başvuran hastaların sağlık okuryazarlığı seviyelerini ve etkileyen durumları değerlendirmek planlanmıştır.Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı-kesitsel çalışma Mart-Haziran 2020 arasında gerçekleştirildi. Çalışma grubunu, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi aile hekimliği polikliniğine başvuran 18 yaş üstü, okuryazar, iletişim kurulabilen ve çalışmaya katılmaya onay veren kişiler oluşturmaktadır. Anket formu 15 soruluk demografik özellikler ile sağlık okuryazarlığını değerlendirmek için Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği-32’den oluşmaktadır.Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 211 kişinin %55,5’i (n=117) kadın ve yaş ortalamaları 31,9±10,4 idi. Katılımcıların %17,1’i (n=36) yetersiz, %28,9’u (n=61) ise sorunlu-sınırlı sağlık okuryazarlığına sahipti. Yetersiz sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyi lise altı eğitimi olanlarda, evlilerde, fazla kilolu ve obezlerde anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptandı (sırasıyla p=0,003; p=0,011; p=0,042). Sağlık okuryazarlık ortalama puanı ve alt grup puanlarında ile yaş ve beden kitle indeksi (BKİ) arasında negatif yönde zayıf düzeyde ilişki bulundu (sağlık okuryazarlık toplam puanı sırasıyla r=-0,291 p=<0,001; r=-0,194 p=0,005).Sonuç: Sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyi medeni durum, eğitim durumu, BKİ düzeyinden etkilenmekteydi. Ayrıca genç yaş grubu ve düşük BKİ ile sağlık okuryazarlık ortalama puanı ve alt grup puanları ilişkiliydi.
Diagnosis of promicrolithic changes in gallbladder bile by crystallography
Authors: Vahrushev Ya. M. , Hochlacheva N. A. , Glazyrina N. N. , Farrakhov A. M.
Published: August 2021

The aim of the study. Determining the dependence of the bile microstructure degree of destabilization of bile and on the age of patients with the I (pre-stone) stage of the cholelitiasis.

Material and methods. About 396 patients with stage I of cholelitiasis. 1 group consisted of 125 young patients (25–44 years), 2 groups — 164 middle-aged patients (45–59 years), 3 group — 107 elderly patients (60–74 years). In verifi cation of the diagnosis, in addition to anamnestic and general clinical data, the results of ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the gallbladder, the study of the physical and chemical properties of bile are used. Crystallography was used to study the morphological pattern of the gallbladder.

Results. In the evaluation of the bladder bile of patients with stage I gallstone disease, there is a decrease in the angle of the tilt of the liquid crystal lines, as well as the appearance of optically active inclusions, such as branched dendrites with plate branches, matted- fi ber aggregates, shield- shaped units and short- branched dendrites.

Conclusion. Crystallography is highly sensitive, but at the same time an easy-to-perform method and can be widely used in early diagnosis of gallstone disease.
Tactics and techniques of choledochal sanation after papillotomy
Authors: May S. A. , Korotkevich A. G. , Leontiev A. S. , Shestak I. S. , Savostyanov I. V.
Published: August 2021

Сholelithiasis ranks third in terms of the prevalence of diseases among the adult population. A complication such as choledocholithiasis occurs in up to 33% of patients with gallstone disease. Despite the improvement in treatment methods and the use of “gold” standards, the number of complicated forms of cholelithiasis has no tendency to decrease. Timely resolution of choledocholithiasis by a correctly chosen technique helps to reduce complications and increases the frequency of favorable outcomes of the disease, returning patients to social activity.

That is why it is important to know and, if possible, to use various methods of rehabilitation of the common bile duct when performing modern endoscopic transpapillary interventions.
Xantomatosis. Xanthomas of the stomach
Authors: Dronova O. B. , Kolesnikova E. V. , Neverov A. N. , Petrov S. V. , Miroshnikov S. V.
Published: August 2021

The article presents some information about xanthomatosis, as well as about xanthomas of the stomach, which are benign formations, but their etiopathogenesis is unknown. Some believe that there is a relationship between xanthomas of the stomach and hyperlipidymia, diabetes, preneoplastic changes in the mucous membrane, age-related features of the gastric mucosa.

The clinical case described in this report confi rms the existing point of view about xanthomas as markers of preneopastic changes in the gastric mucosa and its precancerous diseases.
Heterotopia of gastric mucosa and long segmental Barrett’ oesophagus complicated by cicatricial stricture of the upper third of the oesophagus
Authors: Godzhello E. A. , Bulganina N. A. , Khrustaleva M. V.
Published: August 2021

A 26-year-old patient with no symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease developed complaints of dysphagia. Endoscopic examination revealed a short grade 3 cicatricial stricture in the upper third of the oesophagus, and in the lower parts of the oesophagus mucosa was represented by a columnar epithelium for 16 cm. Histological examination verified the long segmental Barrett’ oesophagus. Above the stricture large areas of heterotopia of the gastric mucosa were determined among the regular oesophageal squamous epithelium. While taking proton pump inhibitors, the patient underwent a long course of endoscopic bougienage with intramural dexamethasone injections, which made it possible to stabilize the lumen in the stricture zone at a level of 12 mm. A precise examination of all parts of the oesophagus with the use of modern clarifying imaging techniques allows to correctly interpret the endoscopic picture and determine the further tactics of treatment and follow-up, taking into account the possible risks of neoplasia in the heterotoped area of the mucosa of the upper third of the oesophagus.
Spectral measurement of daylights and surface properties of natural objects in Japan
Authors: Morimoto Takuma , Zhang Cong , Fukuda Kazuho , Uchikawa Keiji
Published: August 2021

We present a spectral dataset of daylights and surface reflectances and transmittances of natural objects measured in Japan. Daylights were measured under the sun and under shadow from dawn to dusk on four different days to capture their temporal spectral transition. We separately measured daylight spectra at five different locations (including an open space and a forest) with minimum time difference to reveal whether a local environment alters daylight spectra reaching the ground. We found that colors of natural objects were spread in a limited area of color space, and data points were absent around bright saturated regions. Daylight spectra were found to have a larger variation across time, weather, and local environments than previously thought. Datasets are made freely available, expanding past public datasets mainly collected in Northern America and Europe.
Speed versus accuracy instructions in the Response Time Concealed Information Test
Authors: Lubczyk Till , Lukács Gáspár , Ansorge Ulrich
Published: August 2021

The Response Time Concealed Information Test (RT-CIT) can reveal that a person recognizes a relevant item (probe) among other, irrelevant items, based on slower responding to the probe compared to the irrelevant items. Thereby, if this person is concealing knowledge about the relevance of this item (e.g., recognizing it as a murder weapon), this deception can be unveiled. In the present paper, we examined the impact of a speed versus accuracy instruction: Examinees (N = 235) were either presented with instructions emphasizing a focus on speed, with instructions emphasizing a focus on accuracy, or with no particular speed or accuracy instructions at all. We found that, although participants responded to the probe and the irrelevants marginally faster when they had received instructions emphasizing speed, there was no significant difference between RTs of the different experimental groups and crucially, no significant difference between the probe-irrelevant RT differences either. This means that such instructions are unlikely to benefit the RT-CIT, but it also suggests that related deliberate manipulation (focusing on speed on or accuracy) is unlikely to decrease the efficiency of the RT-CIT – contributing further evidence to the RT-CIT’s resistance to faking.
Disaster makes us more patriotic: A pilot study for role of support in relationship between post-traumatic stress and patriotism.
Authors: Zhou Sizhe
Published: August 2021

The negative effects of post-traumatic stress on individuals have been widely studied, but its positive effects have gradually been paid attention to in recent years. Recent studies indicate that post-traumatic stress may increase social cohesion. This study aims further to verify the relationship between post-traumatic stress and patriotism and test whether social support is a potential mediating variable. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 81 participants in Zhengzhou, China. The results show that post-traumatic stress is not significantly related to patriotism and social support. Still, patriotism and social support have significantly related limitations, and prospects are being discussed.
Scanpath Theory in Virtual Reality
Authors: Anderson Nicola C , Jacobs Oliver , Bischof Walter F. , Kingstone Alan
Published: August 2021

It has long been thought that visual perception is represented in sensorimotor processes that unfold over time. One prominent theory predicts that our memory for a scene consists of both the scene content and the motor commands (i.e., eye movements) used to explore that scene. This Scanpath Theory (Noton & Stark, Science 171 (1971) 308-311) has long been contested, with many studies providing evidence both for, and against it. That past work, however, has failed to account for the fact that visual perception is embodied within an active system of effectors, namely, that people routinely move both their eyes and head to explore visible space. In the present work we tested Scanpath Theory while observers were free to move within a 360-degree VR environment. Their task was to encode and later recognise panoramic scenes within this fully immersive world. During both encoding and recognition, we recorded their eye and head movements using a VR headset equipped with eye and head tracking. Our results reveal that eye and head movement patterns are diagnostic of memory performance; and that scene recognition improves when certain movements that had occurred during encoding are repeated. Finally, including head movement measures enhances performance prediction, strengthening the evidence for Scanpath Theory, and reinforcing the fact that the head moves in service of the eyes in allocating attention.
Convolutional neural networks reveal topic-level representations of sentences in medial prefrontal cortex, lateral anterior temporal lobe, precuneus, and angular gyrus
Authors: Acunzo David , Low Daniel Mark , fairhall scott
Published: August 2021

When reading a sentence, individual words can be combined to create more complex meaning. In this study, we sought to uncover brain regions that reflect the representation of meaning at the sentence level, as opposed to only the meaning of their individual constituent words. Using fMRI, we recorded the neural activity of participants while reading sentences. We constructed sentence topic-level representations using the final layer of a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained to classify Wikipedia sentences into broad semantic categories. This model was contrasted with word-level sentence representations constructed using the average of the word embeddings constituting the sentence. Using representational similarity analysis, we found that the medial prefrontal cortex, lateral anterior temporal lobe, precuneus, and angular gyrus more strongly represent sentence topic-level, compared to word-level, meaning, uncovering the important role of these semantic system regions in the representation of integrated meaning. Conversely, these results validate the capacity of CNNs to capture human sentence-level representations.
Effect of Air-entrained Agent for the Mortar of Roller Compacted Concrete
Authors: Gyawali Tek Raj
Published: August 2021

Roller compacted concrete (RCC) is the zero slump concrete produced from the same materials used in conventional concrete. The mortar used in RCC plays a significant role for the workability, strength and durability of the concrete. The air content in the mortar is the key factor for durability, especially to resist the freezing and thawing action. The main target is to produce the microscopic air cells inside the mortar using air-entrained agent and minimize the entrapped air as little as possible. Air content may range from 4~7% depending upon the type of concrete. The effect of the content of AE 303A type air-entrained agent was studied for the fresh and hardened properties of the RCC mortar. The result showed that it has an almost negligible effect on the workability of mortar, but highly effective for the density and compressive strength of hardened mortar. The use of 0.02% (by weight of cement) increased the air content about 4.5 times of the base mortar (without the use of the agent), from 2% to 9.1%. However, the density was decreased by about 10 % (from 2.18 gm/cm3 to 1.96 gm/cm3) and the 28 days compressive strength by about 49% (from 21.90 MPa to 14.73 MPa). The model, developed for the mortar of the dam concrete, has also been well satisfied with the experimental results for the case of RCC mortar.
Climate Change and Possible Impacts on Travel and Tourism Sector
Authors: KC Ritika , Giri Ija , Khadka Udhab Raj
Published: August 2021

Nepal is a diverse country with lowlands of Terai to the highest mountains attracting many tourists and visitors to make visits. So, the tourism in Nepal is primarily nature-based as tourists are mostly attracted by the spectacular landscapes, majestic mountains, glaciers, lakes, rivers and biodiversity across its diverse ecological gradient. Mountaineering, trekking, whitewater rafting and jungle safari tours are the main forms of nature-based tourism activities in our country. Climate change is affecting Nepal in a number of ways and the travel and tourism sector cannot remain untouched. Various studies on climate change shows increased weather uncertainties and extremities resulting into long dry period and intense rain during monsoon leading to increased water induced disasters like floods, inundation, landslides, cloudburst floods, and glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) which are projected to continue in future as well. This has affected natural landscapes, and Himalayas influencing every walk of life and livelihood options. Though the impacts of climate change can be observed in the whole world, poor country like Nepal is likely to suffer most due to limited resources to cope with and adapt to the effects of climate change. In this paper, an effort has been made to review the impact of climate change on the travel and tourism sector in Nepal through the study of previous literatures on climate changes.
Mountain Peaks of Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Gurung Sher Bahadur
Published: August 2021

Nepal is a mountainous country with numerous peaks and pinnacles. It is shaped by tectonic movement, the action of gravity, and erosion. It is a gradual transition process from plain to mountain terrain. The present study explores the peaks of the Nepal Himalaya and visualizes the peaks as open sources for mountaineering. The height of Nepal Himalaya is derived from 'Nepal Himalaya Inventory' Gurung (1994), 'Inventory of Nepal Himalaya' (CDG, 2002), and 'Spot Height Shapefile' (DOS, 1998). The total number of peaks opened and mountaineering royalty are derived from the Department of Tourism. The spot height and administrative boundary are derived from the Department of Survey (DOS, 1998 & 2020). Shapefiles and Google Earth are used to map the distribution of the Himalayan peaks of Nepal, and the height categories are based on mountaineering royalty reports. This study also discusses some essential aspects of royalty generation and seeks a better understanding in exploring and identifying peaks for further mountaineering activities.
Political Preferences of QCA Methods Institutes? A Comment on the Availability and Gender Gap Disparity Problems
Authors: Tatarczyk Dawid
Published: August 2021

In this research note, I examine a set of two interrelated questions about the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) methods institutes. First, I assembled and analyzed a novel dataset that tracks every QCA related training worldwide from 2002 to 2018. My examination finds that although QCA trainings are becoming more popular in Europe, the US is still the single most frequent host country for such events. Secondly, I examine the extent to which gender gap exists among QCA instructors. My findings show that female QCA instructors are severely under-represented, which likely limits their academic and professional opportunities. Thus, the QCA research community appears to be marked by the same structural challenges to diversity and gender equality as other areas of political science. Overall, this paper should of interest to scholars interested in the impact of academic infrastructures on future research trajectories as well as those concerned about gender equality in academia.
Culture of Communication of Slovak Politicians
Authors: Rysová Andrea
Published: August 2021

The term political culture involves a wide range of contexts and evokes a different spectrum of ideas, opinions, and definitions. Nowadays, perhaps slightly more than ever, we encounter views and statements that refer to the low level of political culture in our country. Many times, these are declarations that apply not only to specific political parties or politicians, but also to citizens, or even to the entire nation, which is (often by itself) described as having no political culture. And this notion, unfortunately, also harmfully affects the formation of our national identity as such; how we perceive ourselves, what patterns we adopt, and what standards we accept. In our paper, we focus on the culture of the Slovak political communication, while paying special attention to the linguistic utterances of selected representatives of the Slovak political scene. In this context, the language will act as a tool for communication between political representatives themselves, between political officials and citizens, but also as a tool of discussion on politics among people.
Prime Ministers on Twitter
Authors: Rawski Tomasz , Budzyńska-Daca Agnieszka , Rusin Dybalska Renata
Published: August 2021

The aim of this paper is to analyse Twitter activity of Prime Ministers of Poland and of the Czech Republic, Mateusz Morawiecki and Andrej Babiš respectively, during the 2019 European Parliament election campaign with the special focus on their ways of creating, imposing and reproducing the campaign discourse. It examines especially the person-alization of the election campaign, namely using the election-related activities to promote their image. Also, the im-portance of hashtags as a strategy for building discursive styles is explored and ways of using political pretexts e.g. the Europe Day to introduce election themes are compared. In this context the answer to the following question pre-sents itself as a research challenge: to what extent PMs’ tweets impact the course and the dynamics of the campaign and to what extent it is just dry information, a press commentary?
Capitalisation of the Media Industry From a Political Economy Perspective
Authors: Knoche Manfred
Published: August 2021

Approaches to the critique of the political economy of communication in society belong to the “forgotten theories” in media and communication studies. But in view of the unmistakable structural change of a media industry “unleashed” by deregulation, privatisation, digitalisation, concentration, globalisation, etc., it seems from an academic perspective necessary to analyse the development of the media industry in close connection with the equally unmistakable general development of an “unleashed” capitalism. This article therefore shows that the analysis of the development processes of capitalism as the undoubtedly globally dominant economic and social system from a political economy perspective makes it possible to analyse, explain, and partly forecast the economisation or commercialisation process in the media industry in an academically appropriate way with regard to its causes, forms, consequences, and further development. Theoretical explanations are offered by the further developments of the analysis and critique of contemporary capitalism based on Marx’s critique of the political economy as a historical-materialist analysis of society. In doing so, the permanent fundamental characteristics, modes of functioning and “regularities” of the capitalist mode of production and the capitalist formation of society are analysed in connection with the particularities of the current capitalisation process in the media industry.
Life Lessons: How an Ordinary Dietitian from Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Became President of the First Canadian University in Egypt
Authors: MacLellan Debbie
Published: August 2021

How does an ordinary dietitian have an extraordinary career? What is the most important asset that a dietitian has? Why is it important to take risks, be resilient, and challenge the status quo? In this article I answer these questions by sharing the highlights of my career and describing how I was socialized into the dietetics profession and ended up as the first female President of a Canadian university in Egypt.
Crystals in the bowel: culprit or curiosity?.
Authors: Kodali Sudha , Abughazaleh Shaadi , S. Zhang Daniel , R. Schwartz Mary
Published: August 2021

A 35-year-old female with end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis presented with altered mental status and abdominal discomfort. On admission, she was found to have a distended tympanic abdomen and elevated WBC
Genetic counseling program for patient with hyperglycemic syndrome
Authors: Ariyanto Heri , Nurapandi Adi , Purwati Ayu Endang , Kusumawaty Jajuk , Setiawan Henri
Published: August 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by hyperglycemia. In fact, diabetes is a disease that can occur due to genetic factors. The longer you have diabetes, the worse your quality of life will be. Interventions that can be used to improve the quality of life of patients by conducting genetic counseling. However, this intervention is still rarely implemented. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of genetic counseling on the quality of life in people with diabetes mellitus. This study used a Quasi-Experimental Without Control Group design with a pretest and posttest design. The sample used was 38 people, data collection was done by filling out a quality of life questionnaire (SF-36). A paired-Sample T-Test was used to test the hypothesis. Genetic counseling has an influence on the participants' quality of life (p < 0.05). This treatment needs to be carried out in daily nursing practice because there are benefits to the quality of life of diabetic patients.
Correlation of Sagittal Imbalance and Recollapse after Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Thoracolumbar Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture: A Multivariate Study of Risk Factors
Authors: Kim Whoan Jeang , Ma Sang Beom , Shin Hyun Min , Song Dae Geon , Lee Jae Won , Chang Shan Haw , Park Kun Young , Choy Won Sik , Oh Tae Ho
Published: August 2021

Study Design: A retrospective case control study.Purpose: This study aimed to assess the clinical significance of sagittal balance for predicting and managing the recollapse of cemented vertebra following percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in patients with thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF).Overview of Literature: Recently, the recollapse of cemented vertebra following PVP for OVF has been reported. Although the risk factors for recollapse have been determined, the association between sagittal spinopelvic parameters and sagittal imbalance with recollapse has not been established.Methods: Ambulatory patients who underwent single-level PVP for thoracolumbar OVF with a follow-up of at least 24 months were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of symptomatic recollapse at the cemented vertebra: (1) recollapsed (RC) group and (2) noncollapsed (NC) group. The patient characteristics and radiographic measurements associated with sagittal imbalance were analyzed at each follow-up visit.Results: Overall, 134 patients (RC group, n=28; NC group, n=106) were enrolled. The mean fracture-free interval was 3.2 months (range, 1.2–25.1 months). The multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified low bone mineral density (p =0.047), degree of dynamic mobility within the vertebra (p =0.025), and sagittal imbalance as significant risk factors for recollapse (p =0.013; odds ratio, 5.405). The progression of sagittal imbalance and thoracolumbar kyphosis (T10–L2) was more significant in the RC and sagittal imbalance groups than in the NC group (both p =0.000).Conclusions: Sagittal imbalance, lower bone mineral density, and dynamic mobility within the vertebra are associated with the recollapse of cemented vertebrae following PVP. Sagittal imbalance, rather than local kyphosis or thoracolumbar kyphosis, is particularly significant in that it results in more progressive collapse and sagittal deformity and is accompanied by substantial back pain and neurological deficits. Therefore, a stricter and more active management, including anti-osteoporosis medication, is required for the treatment of OVF with sagittal imbalance of the spine.
La rétronychie : à propos d’un cas
Authors: Pointet A. , Belgodère X. , Héry J.-Y.
Published: August 2021

La rétronychie est une pathologie rare des ongles qui touche principalement l’hallux. Elle consiste en l’incarnation proximale de plusieurs tablettes unguéales, à partir de la matrice dont la fonction productrice est perturbée. Initialement décrite en 1999 par De Berker et Rendall, elle est souvent confondue avec un panaris résistant aux antibiotiques. Le traitement entrepris peut alors être source d’erreurs thérapeutiques amenant chronicisation de l’incarnation et complications infectieuses. Pourtant, les signes cliniques sont caractéristiques, et la rétronychie est aisément curable. Nous rapportons ici un cas inhabituel de rétronychie bilatérale des deux hallux chez un jeune homme de 19 ans. À travers ce cas et une revue de la littérature, nous rappelons les caractéristiques cliniques, la physiopathologie et la prise en charge thérapeutique de la rétronychie.