bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reformation issues of the Penal system in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Azhibaev Marat
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan in reforming the penal system by transferring it from the law enforcement to the civil block. Taking into account the world experience, the transfer of the penal system to a non-law enforcement structure, including one based on public-private partnership, seemed to be the most promising direction of the planned reform to humanize the domestic penal legislation. The main idea was that a Civil Agency, not associated with the tasks of protecting public order and fighting crime, will be able to ensure the planned implementation of the state policy on reforming the penal system. In 2002, correctional facilities were fully transferred to the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan. But the events that took place further (a number of armed escapes with human victims) actually showed that the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan did not cope with the task assigned to it, and the goal of reforming the penitentiary system was not achieved. By decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (adopted on 26.07.2011) “On the penitentiary system”, the penal system was again transferred to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Today, the penal system in Kazakhstan actually operates autonomously in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, not subordinate to other services and departments. At the same time, according to the author, the transfer of the penal system to a Civil Agency will make it possible to increase the openness of this institution. In addition, this step will provide access to the real situation of human rights in places of detention for the public and supervisory authorities. However, domestic and foreign experience shows that the transfer of the penal system to civil departments, its isolation as a separate body does not guarantee its deep humanization and effective system reforms. Being inside the civil department, it actually continues to work on previously established practices, limiting it with cosmetic changes. Therefore, if the purpose of transferring the penal system or its divisions to other bodies is to comply with international standards and reduce criticism of human rights organizations, then this should not be done without a high-quality study. Based on the research, the author comes to the conclusion that in order to implement reforms in the penal system of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is necessary to: 1) to develop a single comprehensive scientific and practical approach when reforming the penal system; 2) to conduct a qualitative study of the risks that may be associated with decisions taken within the framework of the reform; 3) implementation of foreign and international experience should be carried out only taking into account the specifics of national legislation and the structure of the state’s law enforcement system.
Larval Gnathostomes and Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from a Local Market in Yangon City, Myanmar
Authors: Chai Jong-Yil , Jung Bong-Kwang , Lee Keon Hoon , Ryu Jin-Youp , Kim Hyeon-Seung , Hong Sung-Jong , Htoon Thi Thi , Tin Htay Htay , Na Byoung-Kuk , Sohn Woon-Mok
Published: December 2020

A survey was performed to investigate the infection status of zoonotic helminth larvae in fish from a local market of North Dagon District in Yangon City, Myanmar. A total of 486 fish in 13 species were collected 8 times from December 2015 to December 2019. All fish were transported under ice to a laboratory in Korea and examined for helminth larvae using artificial digestion method. Larval gnathostomes and metacercariae of more than 8 zoonotic trematode species, i.e., Opisthorchis viverrini, Haplorchis taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, Centrocestus spp., Stellantchasmus falcatus, Pygidiopsis cambodiensis, and Procerovum sp., were detected. Larval gnathostomes were found in 58 (16.0%) out of 362 fish of 6 species, with mean intensity of 2.8 per fish infected. Metacercariae of O. viverrini were detected in 10 (2.9%) out of 349 fish of 5 species, with mean intensity of 16.9 per fish infected. Metacercarial prevalences of 4 intestinal flukes, H. taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, and Centrocestus spp., were 16.8%, 26.0%, 12.5%, and 15.0% in the positive fish species, respectively, and mean metacercarial intensity was 63.3, 26.8, 86.2, and 8.7 per fish infected. Metacercariae of S. falcatus and P. cambodiensis were detected only from the mullet, Chelon macrolepis. Metacercariae of Procerovum sp. were found in Channa striata and Anabas testudineus. Collectively, it was confirmed that the fish were infected with gnathostome larvae and metacercariae of O. viverrini and intestinal flukes in Yangon City, Myanmar.
Ability of the generalized van der Waals and Berthelot equations of state to determine the thermodynamic stability of liquid lead
Authors: Ramesh Arumugam , Balasubramanian Ramasamy
Published: December 2020

The known van der Waals and Berthelot equations of state do-not precisely describe the thermodynamic properties of fluids. To improve its accuracy, the attractive term of the van der Waals equation of state has been modified in six different ways. These generalized equations of state have been employed to determine the spinodal (thermodynamic stability boundary) and the thermodynamic limit of superheat of liquid lead. The equations of state are rewritten in reduced form, from which follows the law of corresponding states. The appropriate modification of the attractive term of the equation of state yielding the value of thermodynamic limit of superheat agreeing with the experimental value for lead has been established. It has been established that liquid lead can be superheated, under rapid heating, up to a temperature 4565 K. That is, liquid lead can be superheated to 2544 K above the normal boiling temperature. At the thermodynamic limit of superheat, the volume of the liquid lead is 4.0095 × 10-5 m3 mol-1. This fact is to be taken into account when liquid lead is subjected to rapid heating.
Investigating the Effect of Flock Size on Vigilance in the American Coot (Fulica americana) in Relationship to Habitat
Authors: Lam Dat , Rizal Suyash , Cota Roxanne , Sicaja Miguel , Cox Gabriel , Wakefield Brandon , Nisani Zia
Published: December 2020

Among many anti-predator behaviors, vigilance is observed in many species and plays an important role in survival. In this study, we investigated the effect of flock size on vigilance in American Coots (Fulica americana)foraging on land and water, by observing individual birds in these habitats and recording the time spent scanning (i.e., vigilance). Mean flock size was larger on land compared to water and vigilance negatively correlated with flock size. Birds in water were more vigilant compared to on land, regardless of whether they were foraging alone or in flocks. However, the effect of flock size on vigilance showed a weak linear correlation as it was possible that other factors (e.g., human habituation, food kleptoparasitism, or scramble competition) could have also played a role in shaping vigilance. These results suggest that there is a relationship between flock size and vigilance, which are related to previous researches that show a negative correlation between vigilance and flock size.
KEYWORDS: Birds; American Coot; Vigilance; Scanning; Foraging; Flock Size; Habituation; Competition; Behavior
İzole Abducens Paralizisi ve Akut Koroner Sendrom ile prezente olan Paraganglioma olgusu
Authors: ÇAYAKAR Ahmet
Published: December 2020

Paragangliomalar, adrenal bez dışındaki otonomik sinir sisteminin ganglion zincir kromaffin hücrelerinden köken alırlar ve katekolamin salgılayan tümörlerin %10-15'ini oluştururlar. Yetişkinlerde en sık dördüncü ve beşinci dekadda gözlenirler. Klinikte hipertansiyon, çarpıntı ve terleme ataklarının eşlik ettiği baş ağrısına vurgu yapılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, hastaların %5-15'i normotensif olup ortostatik hipotansiyon atakları dahi yaşayabilir. Kardiyovasküler komplikasyonlar arasında miyokardit, kardiyomiyopati, atriyal veya ventriküler aritmiler, akut koroner sendrom bulunmaktadır. Özellikle hipovolemi varlığında vasküler ton kaybı eklenmesiyle birlikte şok tablosu gözlenebilir. Nörolojik bulgular olarak ise mental durum değişiklikleri, hipertansif ensefalopati ve inme sıralanabilir. Bu makalemizde iç hastalıkları polikliniğine başvurusu sonrası paraganglioma tanısı konulan hasta sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.
The Effectiveness of Balneotherapy in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Its Effect on Inflammation, A Pilot Study
Authors: ÖZKUK Kağan , UYSAL Bilal
Published: December 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether balneotherapy triggers inflammation and improves the disease activity, pain and quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Materials and Method: This study was planned as a prospective, controlled, single-blind study. A total of 60 patients were divided into two groups. Group I was treated balneotherapy. No additional treatment was applied to the control group. All the patients continued their daily routine lifestyles and pharmacological treatments. Assessments were made using the Pain VAS, Patient Global VAS, BASFI, BASDAI, ASQoL, WBC, ESR and CRP at the beginning of treatment and at the end of treatment (day 21).

Results: Compared to the pre-treatment period, there was a statistically significant improvement in both groups’ pain at the end of the treatment in BASFI, in the Balneotherapy group (VAS), in the patient’s global assessment (VAS), in ASQoL and BASDAI. A comparison between groups before treatment revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in terms of pain (VAS), patient’s global assessment (VAS), BASFI and BASDAI whereas, after treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the data except pain (VAS).A comparison of difference scores revealed that there was a statistically significant change in pain (VAS), patient’s global assessment (VAS), ASQoL, BASFI and BASDAI whereas there was no statistically significant difference between WBC, ESR and CRP.

Conclusion: Balneotherapy is well tolerated and balneotherapy combined with pharmacological treatment may improve the beneficial effects of treatment in ankylosing spondylitis patients.
FROM THE MARGINS TO THE MAINSTREAM: INDIGENISED DEVELOPMENT IN BORNEO WITH INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Bala Poline , Kulathu Ramaiyer Narayanan , W. Harris Roger
Published: December 2020

The introduction of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to remote and isolatedindigenous communities in the forested interior of Borneo has generated desirable development benefitsfor them as well as revealing the processes of community engagement that were necessary for bringingthem about. Associated learning has also highlighted aspirations for development that relate to thespecifics of their cultures and lifestyles in relation to the natural environment in which they live, lendingcredence to the concept of ethno or indigenised development in contrast to notions of asset exploitationexpressed within orthodox development. The emergence of the global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) with their imperatives for protecting biodiversity and the rainforests as well as combattingclimate change focusses greater attention on the role of indigenous peoples as stewards of fragile ecosystemsthat are highly susceptible to global warming. The experiences of applying ICTs to indigeniseddevelopment within Borneo’s rainforest communities - helping them maintain eco-friendly lifestyles,conserve biodiversity and record their traditional knowledge about the climate - carries lessons ofglobal significance for the wider achievement of the SGDs and the future of our planet.
Species Abundance and Body Size Relationship of Bird Assemblages at Selected Sites in Western Sarawak
Authors: AZIZ AHMAD FITRI , LAMAN CHARLIE JUSTIN MERGIE
Published: December 2020

The Energy Equivalence Rule (EER) is an unresolved issue in ecology. This rule states that the amount of energy used for each species in a population is independent of its body size. A study on the relationship between abundance and body size of bird assemblages was conducted in Western Sarawak. Abundance data of bird assemblages from seven selected sites in Western Sarawak were used to produce a regression line of log absolute species abundance versus log average body mass. Data from all selected sites were combined to represent bird assemblages in Western Sarawak and the slope produced was -0.216. The slopes obtained for each site were 0.808, -0.080, -0.258, -0.067, -0.161, -0.072 and -0.237, respectively. Statistical analysis shows that the slope of combined data did not differ significantly from -0.75, as expected under the EER. Thus, this study shows that the EER can be applied as a general rule of community structure of bird assemblages in Western Sarawak.
Hospital Inpatient Tracking System Using RFID Technology
Authors: CHIA CHIN LING , CHUA STEPHANIE
Published: December 2020

Hospital Inpatient Tracking System using RFID technology is a web application developed for the medical personnel (doctors and nurses) to track the movements of the inpatients in the accident and emergency department of government hospitals. RFID reader fixed in each of the rooms will detect the patient who is wearing the registered tag when enter and leave from the room. It is designed to solve the problems of long queues, overcrowding, delayed treatments, and insufficient beds for patients. Tracking process is taken to track all of the registered patient. At the same time, duration of patient process in each of the room will be recorded and calculated to get the range of processing time in each of the room. It can be used as reference and solving the bottlenecks that faced by hospitals. All the medical personnel need to register and approved by system administrator before accessible to the system.
The Interactions between Financial Inclusion with Microentrepreneurs Firm Performance in Malaysia
Authors: MOHAMAD SABLI HABSAH , BINTI NGAH HASNAH , SEBLI JONEY SITI KHADIJAH
Published: December 2020

This study is to examine the relationships between financial inclusion with microentrepreneur's firm performance in Malaysia. Cross-sectional data from the questionnaire were collected from 373 micro-entrepreneurs operating under the micro-financing scheme. Hence, the present study aimed to revisit the financial inclusions towards micro-entrepreneur firm performance using the approach in PLS-SEM. The Financial inclusion and micro-entrepreneur firm performance were constructed as a reflective measurement model. The survey findings further revealed that financial inclusion is significantly associated with micro-entrepreneur firm performance. This research's outcomes can benefit decision-makers such as Malaysian governments, microfinance organizations, and the decision-makers regarding distributing funding and promoting successful micro-entrepreneur performance in the long-run.
FACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN ONLINE SHOPPING IN KUCHING, SARAWAK.
Authors: Ab Rahim Rossazana
Published: December 2020

Customer satisfaction is important in online shopping as online shopping has become a trend nowadays. Therefore, customer satisfaction is important so that we can improve customer satisfaction towards online shopping thus increase the growth of E- commerce in Malaysia. This study aims to examine the factors (Website Design, Delivery Service and Security) that affect customer satisfaction and their relationship between factors (Website Design, Delivery Service and Security) with customer satisfaction in online shopping in Kuching, Sarawak. Website Design, Delivery Service and Security are the three independent variables while customer satisfaction is the dependent variables in this study. A total of 300 electronic questionnaires through google from been collected and analysed by using the Descriptive Analysis and Inferential Analysis where Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Linear Regressions Analysis being employed to test the three-hypothesis developed in this study. In this study, all the three independent variables which included Website Design, Delivery Service and Security are significant and positive related to the customer satisfaction in online shopping in Kuching, Sarawak. Besides, among the three independent variables, Website Design is the most influential factors that affect customer satisfaction in online shopping in Kuching, Sarawak.
Clinical and orthopedic examination of loose cows
Authors:   Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Center of the Ural Branch of RAS, Krasnoperov Aleksandr S. , Belousov Aleksandr I. , Khalturina Larisa V. , Malkov Sergey V. , Milshtein Igor M. ,   Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The results of clinical and orthopedic examination of highly productive loose cows in the agricultural organization of Sverdlovsk region are presented in the article. Due to the high percentage of pathology of the musculoskeletal system in animals, this farm was selected. As a result of the study, violations of veterinary sanitary norms of maintenance and technological violations in animal feeding were found. On average, more than 40.0% of animals recorded clinical signs of pathology of the musculoskeletal system. Biochemical studies of urine and blood serum were performed to determine the metabolic characteristics of the blood of animals with orthopedic pathology. Hypostenuria was established in 41.7% of the examined cows according to the results of a biochemical study of urine. This indicates a lack of the required level of dry matter consumption. In 31.3% of cows, manifestations of metabolic disorders were recorded (a decrease in total protein and albumin, an increase in urea in the blood serum). In 25.0% of animals revealed the presence of intoxication syndrome - an increase in the activity of indicator liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase). Signs of development of osteodystrophic processes (a decrease in total calcium with an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity) were noted in more than 30.0% of cows.
Vaccines for aquaculture overview
Authors:   All-Russian State Center for the Quality and Standardization of Medicines for Animals and Feed, Khishov Andrey S. , Burlakova Galina I. ,   All-Russian State Center for the Quality and Standardization of Medicines for Animals and Feed
Published: December 2020

Aquaculture production is a promising direction for the development of food production. Like traditional types of animal husbandry, it needs effective medicines for veterinary use, which would ensure not only the well-being of farmed aquatic organisms, but also increase the safety of the fish products and non-fish objects of fishing. The development of measures to control epizootic processes in aquatic organisms is impossible without the creation of new immunological preparations. The development and use of immunobiological drugs will reduce the use of antimicrobial agents. The corresponding set of pharmaceutical drugs was transferred from the traditional veterinary medicine, but due to the peculiarities of the biology of aquatic animals, their immunity and the characteristics of specific pathogens, this could not be done with biological products. The short development time in the aquaculture industry poses current challenges in the form of a lack of basic and applied research for relatively poorly understood groups of new pathogens. The immunological processes associated with the development and intensity of the immune response in aquatic organisms require a detailed study. For domestic aquaculture producers, the analysis and dissemination of the experience accumulated by mankind and the application of advanced developments in this area are even more relevant, since Russia is just beginning its path of intensifying aquaculture production. At the same time, it is clear that the prohibition of the use and monitoring of antimicrobial agents in food products and feed requires a change in the approach to the problem and will lead to the creation of new immunobiological drugs. The market for immunobiological preparations for aquaculture is the most promising for development. In the article, the authors provide data on the development and registration of vaccines for aquaculture in Europe, North and South America.
Influence of the Amyrasol R-Z mineral lick briquette on biochemical parameters of blood in dairy cowsInfluence of the Amyrasol R-Z mineral lick briquette on biochemical parameters of blood in dairy cow
Authors:   Caspian Zonal Scientific Research Veterinary Institute, Aliev Ayub Yu. , Karpushchenko Karine A. , Aliev Abdulgamid A. ,   Caspian Zonal Scientific Research Veterinary Institute
Published: December 2020

The data obtained as a result of the use of a mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z in the diets of dairy cows are analyzed in the article. Authors studied the influence of the mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z on the biochemical parameters and milk productivity of dairy cows. The experiments were carried out on dairy cows of the red steppe breed in the conditions of the plain zone of the Republic of Dagestan. Two groups of dairy cows were formed (10 heads in each). According to the scheme of the experiment, the control group received a basic diet, the experimental group received the basic diet and the mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z. Each cow of the experimental group was given individually one lick briquette in a dose of 4 kg during 90 days. Researches and data processing were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Blood was taken from the experimental animals from the jugular vein for laboratory studies at the end of the experiment. The milk productivity and fat content of milk were taken into account by carrying out monthly control milk yields. At the same time, the positive effect of a lick briquette on the biochemical parameters of blood has been proven: reserve alkalinity, glucose, macro- and microelements, the activity of the copper-containing enzyme ceruloplasmin and milk productivity. A significant increase in the blood of glucose concentration by 12.93% in the cows of the experimental group, the level of reserve alkalinity by 17.66%, the concentration of macroelements and microelements, milk productivity by 5.7%, milk fat by 2.77% compared with the control group. The use of the mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z in the diets of dairy cows helps to prevent macro- and microelementoses, increase milk productivity, milk fat content, nonspecific immunity and obtain of healthy calves.
Meat quality of calves raised on pastures of the North Caucasus
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Zabashta Anastasia V. , Zabashta Nikolay N. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin,   Krasnodar Scientific Center for Zootechnology and Veterinary Medicine, Lisovitskaya Ekaterina P. , Golovko Elena N. , Sinelshchikova Irina A. ,   Krasnodar Scientific Center for Zootechnology and Veterinary Medicine
Published: December 2020

In connection with the increasing requirements for the quality of beef, the need for further technological solutions improvement for the cultivation and fattening of beef calves, aimed at improving meat productivity, ensuring not only the quality, but also the safety of meat, has acquired particular relevance. Data on the production of environmentally friendly raw meat obtained in the foothill zone of Karachay-Cherkessia from the bulls of the Aberdeen-Angus breed in modern conditions of the development of the meat industry are presented in the article. During the growth and development of animals, significant qualitative and quantitative changes occur, associated with an increase in weight and a change in the morphological composition of the carcass. The morphological composition of carcasses, meat yield and its chemical composition in the final period of fattening were studied. When calves reached the slaughter live weight, slaughter was carried out and the meat qualities were studied. Carcass weight was 320.2 kg (carcass yield - 57.2%); boneless beef - 266.7 kg (84.9% of chilled carcass). 58.7% (156.6 kg) of the meat was lean; 30.6% attributed to fatty beef. The moisture content of the combined minced meat was 70.9%; protein - 20.4%; fat - 7.7%; ash - 1.0%. Meat safety was determined from the average sample of minced meat. In terms of chemical composition and safety, beef meets the requirements of the interstate standard GOST 32855-2014 for raw meat. Thus, the maintenance and feeding of young cattle on the foothill pastures of the North Caucasus, used later for meat, provides moderate-intensive and extensive feeding with an insignificant inclusion of concentrates in the diet.
Distribution and main biological properties of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa isolates in pig farms of Krasnodar region
Authors:   Krasnodar Research Centre for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Skorikov Aleksandr V.
Published: December 2020

Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas aeruginosa are widespread microorganisms in pig breeding enterprises of the region, and due to virulent factors and pathogenic properties, in the etiological aspect, it poses a significant threat to the body of various sex and age groups of pigs. In the form of a monoculture, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 14.7% of cases, in association with other microorganisms - in 85.2%, and the highest proportion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was manifested in association with Escherichia coli (47.8%), microorganisms that cause the clinic of gastrointestinal diseases in piglets during suckling and weaning periods. A feature of the epizootic manifestation of pseudomonosis in pigs in the conditions of industrial pig breeding is enzootic outbreaks. In 79.9% of cases, growth is accompanied by the formation of a water-soluble pigment of the phenotazine series pyocyanin on selective nutrient media in isolate colonies, in 80-83 % of cases, on MPA with 5 % defibrinated blood, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies cause hemolysis zones. Biochemical activity of P. aeruginosa cultures showed low-expressed biochemical properties, they assimilated glucose and arabinose, galactose to the formation of acid, decomposed urea, had proteolytic properties, liquefied gelatin and peptonized milk for 72 hours, showed phosphatous activity, did not form indole and H2S, cultures producing exotoxin A, with intraperitoneal infection of laboratory animals show maximum toxigenic properties. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates exhibit plasma-coagulating and agesive activity. The obtained results of studying the main biological properties of P. aeruginosa isolates can be used for diagnostic studies and anti-epizootic measures in the region.
New anthelmintic preparation Unifascide and its efficacy in treatment of fascioliasis in sheep
Authors:   Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute - branch of the Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the Republic of Dagestan, Kabardiev Sadrutdin Sh. , Bittirov Anatoliy M. ,   Kabardino-Balkaria State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov
Published: December 2020

Sheep fascioliasis occurs with an extent of invasion in the range of 23-38% with an intensity of invasion of 1-48 specimens per animal in the regions of the North Caucasus. The most infested places with trematodes were pastures (84.0% of contaminated soil samples), and small pastures near natural water bodies (73.5% of contaminated soil samples), forest-shrub forb pastures located along the continuation of wind-sheltered forest belts (60.0% of soil samples). Researchers have found that the least contaminated with Fasciola hepatica eggs are herb meadow pastures (35.0% of soil samples) and cultivated pastures made from a mixture of Sudanese grass and clover (12.0% of contaminated soil samples). In samples per 1 g of soil, eggs of trematodes were found on average 113.2±6.0 specimens, that is, 2.4 times more than in feces (on average, 47.3±3.4 specimens per 1 g feces), which indicates the accumulation of viable eggs in biotopes. In this regard, the development of new complex anthelmintic preparation for the treatment and prevention of fascioliasis in sheep remains an urgent task. The authors' research consisted in testing a new complex anthelmintic drug Unifascide for sheep fascioliasis. Experimental tests of the Unifascide preparation for fascioliasis of sheep were carried out on 30 heads using the group method. Experimental and control animals (n = 30) weighing 32-36 kg were divided into 3 groups according to the principle of analogs, 10 animals per a group. Due to the results the degree of extension efficiency was 90.0 and intensity efficiency was 92.5%. The preparation is recommended for implementation in the practice of therapeutic and prophylactic deworming for chronic fascioliasis of sheep.
Insecticidal bait development for control of Musca Domestica L.
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology, Levchenko Mikhail A.
Published: December 2020

The control of houseflies (Musca domestica L.) in veterinary surveillance premises is an important measure for the welfare of animals against infectious and invasive diseases. For this purpose, the most effective chemical insecticides are used. To prevent possible resistance to them, bait insecticides with two active binary ingredients from different chemical classes are used. The work was carried out in the laboratory of the Tyumen Scientific Center and in the production conditions of ZAO Pyshminskaya Poultry Farm. This material presents the main stages in the development of a prototype of the insecticidal bait Mukhnet AX containing two insecticides: 1.5% acetamiprid and 6% chlorfenapir. For this purpose, adults of houseflies Musca domestica L. 3-5 days old were used. Under laboratory conditions, effective rational doses of the above insecticides were determined by group feeding, feeding and by the method of assessing food insecticidal baits when fighting flies from 0.00002 to 4% concentrations. According to the results of laboratory studies, it was found that the optimal doses causing 100% death of insects were 0.5% for acetamiprid and 2% for chlorfenapir. The insecticidal efficiency of the developed bait Mukhnet AH against flies in production conditions on the first day after the treatment of the livestock building was 91.25%. The insecticidal effect of the measures taken lasted for at least 6 days. The restoration of the number to the previous level of the number of insects occurred after 10 days. Based on the results obtained, the Method of using the composition of an insecticidal bait agent in the fight against Musca domestica was proposed and patented.
BLV early diagnosis - key to successful farm recovery
Authors:   Belgorod State Agrarian University, Kovalenko Anatoliy M. , Yavnikov Nazar V. ,   Belgorod State Agrarian University, Petropavlovskiy Maksim V. , Isaeva Albina G. , Krivonogova Anna S. ,   Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The aim of the research is to use the early diagnosis of cattle leukemia virus-infected animals using serological and molecular genetic methods, as well as to determine the significance of PCR in detecting BLV infected calves. The studies were carried out in the leukemia laboratory of the department for monitoring and forecasting of infectious diseases of the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center, at the department of infectious and invasive pathology of the Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V.Ya. Gorin, as well as in 20 livestock agricultural enterprises of the Tyumen, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Belgorod regions and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The studies were carried out in the framework of the 160th direction of the FNI Program of State Academies of Sciences for 20132020 on the topic «Development of theoretical foundations for the creation and implementation of a monitoring, diagnostic, treatment and wellness program for the protection of animals from epizootically significant infectious diseases» The system of anti-leukemic health measures using complex serological and hematological testing helps to reduce the number of RID+ animals and hematologically sick individuals for a 6-month period by 32.0% and 6.28%, respectively. The use of the polymerase chain reaction method contributes to the detection of an additional 18 to 39% of calves from 15 days of age, infected with the virus of bovine leukemia, in dysfunctional leukemia livestock enterprises. In a PCR study of cows, 29% to 54% of individuals infected with BLV can be detected. This indicates the need for consistent use of serological studies and the importance of molecular genetic tests for the detection of BLV infected calves.
Evaluation of Smoking and Asymptomatic COVID-19 Disease in Health Professionals
Authors: Mercan Baspinar Melike , Tanimli Ezgi , Keskin Gamze , Basat Okcan
Published: December 2020

Aim: This study was conducted to assess smoking status and COVID-19 clinical severity in health professionals of a pandemic health center. Methods: A retrospective study design based on data reports of a tertiary hospital between March 2020 and June 2020 was realized. A comparison between the clinical disease severity and smoking status was analyzed by the SPSS 22.0 software statistic program at a significance level of p <0.05 value. Results: 150 participants (age 31.19±8.92 years; 48% female) were evaluated for the COVID disease clinical severity between the smokers (10.6%; 16/150) and non-smokers. The presence of asymptomatic (carriers) clinical disease (24%; 36/150) was found to be statistically significant in favor of smokers (8/16) versus non-smokers (28/134). Nicotine dependence level and Fagerstrom score had no clinical difference. Also, the occupation was significant for disease severity. Smokers among permanent workers with COVID versus doctors and nurses had a higher percentage in belong to the asymptomatic clinic (26/36) despite the higher rate of smoking (11/16). Conclusion: It was emphasized that higher rates of asymptomatic disease among smokers than that of symptomatic disease. Our study might contribute to epidemic control efforts that would help to explain the asymptomatic clinic and the different rates between smokers and non-smokers. Keywords: COVID-19, medical staff, nicotine dependence, smoking
A Rare Etiology of Bilateral Foot Drop: Weight Loss
Authors: Reyhani Aylin , Dortcan Nimet
Published: December 2020

Excessive weight loss especially when it occurs in a short period of time can lead to some neurological problems including peroneal nerve palsy. Foot drop is the most common presentation of peroneal neuropathies and they rarely occur bilaterally at the same time. Herein, we presented a 46-year-old male patient who developed bilateral foot drop after losing 25 kgs. in two months with an intensive weight reduction diet which was advised by a doctor as a therapeutic regimen. The electromyographic study confirmed the bilateral entrapment neuropathy of the peroneal nerves at the fibular necks and these findings could not be attributed to any other factor except the weight loss. After a balanced diet and a physiotherapy programme, he recovered completely. This case highlights an uncommon but a well documented etiology of peroneal neuropathies. Being aware of this complication and close follow-up are important for the prognosis of these patients.

Keywords: foot deformities, peroneal neuropathies, weight loss
Novel 3U Stand-Alone CubeSat Architecture for Autonomous Near Earth Asteroid Fly-By
Authors: Casini Stefano , Fodde Iosto , Monna Bert , Cervone Angelo , Gill Eberhard
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this work is to present a novel CubeSat architecture, aimed to explore Near Earth Asteroids. The fast growth in small satellite commercial-off-the-shelf technologies, which characterized the last decade of space industry, is exploited to design a 3U CubeSat able to provide a basic scientific return sufficient to improve the target asteroid dataset. An overview of the current available technologies for each subsystem is presented, followed by a component selection driven by the mission constraints. First a typical asteroid fly-by mission is introduced together with the system and performance requirements. Then each characterizing subsystem is critically analyzed, and the proposed configuration is presented, showing the mission feasibility within only 3.9 kg of wet mass and 385 m/s of total ΔV.
Amphibious Aircraft Developments: Computational Studies of Hydrofoil Design for Improvements in Water-Takeoffs
Authors: Seth Arjit , Liem Rhea P.
Published: December 2020

Amphibious aircraft designers face challenges to improve takeoffs and landings on both water and land, with water-takeoffs being relatively more complex for analyses. Reducing the water-takeoff distance via the use of hydrofoils was a subject of interest in the 1970s, but the computational power to assess their designs was limited. A preliminary computational design framework is developed to assess the performance and effectiveness of hydrofoils for amphibious aircraft applications, focusing on the water-takeoff performance. The design framework includes configuration selections and sizing methods for hydrofoils to fit within constraints from a flying-boat amphibious aircraft conceptual design for general aviation. The position, span, and incidence angle of the hydrofoil are optimized for minimum water-takeoff distance with consideration for the longitudinal stability of the aircraft. The analyses and optimizations are performed using water-takeoff simulations, which incorporate lift and drag forces with cavitation effects on the hydrofoil. Surrogate models are derived based on 2D computational fluid dynamics simulation results to approximate the force coefficients within the design space. The design procedure is evaluated in a case study involving a 10-seater amphibious aircraft, with results indicating that the addition of the hydrofoil achieves the purpose of reducing water-takeoff distance by reducing the hull resistance.
Detection Methods Fit-for-Purpose in Enforcement Control of Genetically Modified Plants Produced with Novel Genomic Techniques (NGTs)
Authors: Ribarits Alexandra , Narendja Frank , Stepanek Walter , Hochegger Rupert
Published: December 2020

The comprehensive EU regulatory framework regarding GMOs aims at preventing damage to human and animal health and the environment, and foresees labelling and traceability. Genome-edited plants and products fall under these EU GMO regulations, which have to be implemented in enforcement control activities. GMO detection methods currently used by enforcement laboratories are based on real-time PCR, where specificity and sensitivity are important performance parameters. Genome editing allows the targeted modification of nucleotide sequences in organisms, including plants, and often produces single nucleotide variants (SNVs), which are the most challenging class of genome edits to detect. The test method must therefore meet advanced requirements regarding specificity, which can be increased by modifying a PCR method. Digital PCR systems achieve a very high sensitivity and have advantages in quantitative measurement. Sequencing methods may also be used to detect DNA modifications caused by genome editing. Whereas most PCR methods can be carried out in an enforcement laboratory with existing technical equipment and staff, the processing of the sequencing data requires additional resources and the appropriate bioinformatic expertise.
Wild-Type Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Larvae as a Vertebrate Model for Diabetes and Comorbidities: A Review
Authors: van de Venter Maryna , Didloff Jenske , Reddy Shanika , Swanepoel Bresler , Govender Sharlene , Dambuza Ntokozo Shirley , Williams Saralene , Koekemoer Trevor Craig , Venables Luanne
Published: December 2020

Zebrafish have become a popular alternative to higher animals in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. The development of stable mutant lines to model target specific aspects of many diseases, including diabetes, is well reported. However, these mutant lines are much more costly and challenging to maintain than wild-type zebrafish and are simply not an option for many research facilities. As an alternative to address the disadvantages of advanced mutant lines, wild-type larvae may represent a suitable option. In this review, we evaluate organ development in zebrafish larvae and discuss established methods that use wild-type zebrafish larvae up to seven days post fertilization to test for potential drug candidates for diabetes and its commonly associated conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation. This provides an up to date overview of the relevance of wild-type zebrafish larvae as a vertebrate antidiabetic model and confidence as an alternative tool for preclinical studies. We highlight the advantages and disadvantages of established methods and suggest recommendations for future developments to promote the use of zebrafish, specifically larvae, rather than higher animals in the early phase of antidiabetic drug discovery.
Comparative Effects of Milk Containing A1 versus A2 β-Casein on Health, Growth and β-Casomorphin-7 Level in Plasma of Neonatal Dairy Calves
Authors: Hohmann Lisa G. , Yin Tong , Schweizer Helen , Giambra Isabella J. , König Sven , Scholz Armin M.
Published: December 2020

Research has shown that digestion of A1 β-casein (β-CN) affects gastrointestinal motility and opioid activity through the release of the peptide β-casomorphin-7 (β-CM7). In the case of the A2 variant, the cleavage of β-CM7 does not occur or occurs at a very low rate. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the effects of milk containing either homozygote A1 or A2 β-CN on health and growth parameters of dairy calves. Forty-seven neonatal calves (24 females, 23 males) of the breeds German Holstein (GH, n = 9), German Simmental (GS, n = 33) and their crossing (GH × GS, n = 5) were used in a 21-day feeding study. Fecal score (FS), respiratory frequency (RF), and rectal body temperature (BT) were recorded daily, whereas body weight was measured at birth and at day 21 to estimate the average daily weight gain (ADG). Additionally, blood was collected from calves three times during the experimental period and, for the first time, the respective plasma samples were analyzed for intact β-CM7. Consumption of A2-milk led to a lower daily milk intake (dMI) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, fecal consistency was softer for calves fed A2-milk (p < 0.05). Although 44% of A2-calves had diarrhea or revealed a tendency towards it (FS ≥ 3), A1-calves had a prevalence of 21%. Calves with a FS of 4 were offered an electrolyte solution and received a dietary food supplement for the stabilization of the fluid and electrolyte balance. Nevertheless, similar ADG and end weights (EW) of calves fed A1- or A2-milk (p > 0.05) indicate that A2-milk may compensate higher diarrhea rates and lower dMI due to the associated higher protein content. This is the first report of intact β-CM7 in plasma of calves fed milk of either A1 or A2 β-CN. Evidence from this study suggests that due to the change in the amino-acid sequence, A2-milk might be able to prevent or, at least, to minimize the cleavage of β-CM7 in calves.
Effect of Dietary Medium-Chain α-Monoglycerides on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Histomorphology, Amino Acid Digestibility, and Broiler Chickens’ Blood Biochemical Parameters
Authors: Amer Shimaa A. , A-Nasser Afaf , Al-Khalaifah Hanan S. , AlSadek Dina M. M. , Abdel fattah Doaa M. , Roushdy Elshimaa M. , Sherief Wafaa R. I. A. , Farag Mohamed F. M. , Altohamy Dalia E. , Abdel-Wareth Ahmed A. A. , Metwally Abdallah E.
Published: December 2020

This trial was conducted to assess the impact of medium-chain α-monoglycerides, glycerol monolaurate (GML) supplementation on the growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility coefficient (AID%) of amino acids, intestinal histomorphology, and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. Three-day-old chicks (76.82 g ± 0.40, n = 200) were haphazardly allocated to four experimental groups with five replicates for each (10 chicks/replicate). The treatments consisted of basal diets supplemented with four glycerol monolaurate levels; 0, 1, 3, or 5 g kg−1 (GML0, GML1, GML3, and GML5, respectively). Growth performance was determined at three periods (starter, grower, and finisher). Dietary GML had no significant effect on the growth performance parameters (body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio) through all the experimental periods. GML1 diet increased the AID% of leucine and decreased the AID% of arginine. GML1 diet increased the duodenal and jejunal villous height and the jejunal muscle thickness. GML3 and GML5 diets increased the goblet cell count in the duodenum. GML supplementation increased the serum level of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. GML5 diet increased the serum levels of IgM and interleukin 10 compared to the control group. We could conclude that dietary supplementation of glycerol monolaurate can supplement broiler chicken diets up to 5 g kg−1 to enhance the immune status and intestinal histomorphology of birds with no improving effect on growth performance.
Matrix- and Technology-Dependent Stability and Bioaccessibility of Strawberry Anthocyanins during Storage
Authors: Stübler Anna-Sophie , Böhmker Lena , Juadjur Andreas , Heinz Volker , Rauh Cornelia , Shpigelman Avi , Aganovic Kemal
Published: December 2020

Anthocyanins are often associated with health benefits. They readily degrade during processing and storage but are also dependent on the matrix conditions. This study investigated how strawberry anthocyanins are affected by preservation technologies and a relatively protein-rich kale juice addition during storage. A strawberry–kale mix was compared to a strawberry–water mix (1:2 wt; pH 4), untreated, thermally, pulsed electric fields (PEF) and high-pressure processing (HPP) treated, and evaluated for anthocyanin stability and bioaccessibility during refrigerated storage. The degradation of strawberry anthocyanins during storage followed first-order kinetics and was dependent on the juice system, preservation technology and anthocyanin structure. Generally, the degradation rate was higher for the strawberry–kale mix compared to the strawberry–water mix. The untreated sample showed the highest degradation rate, followed by HPP, PEF and, then thermal. The relative anthocyanin bioaccessibility after gastric digestion was 10% higher for the thermally and PEF treated samples. Anthocyanin bioaccessibility after intestinal digestion was low due to instability at a neutral pH, especially for the strawberry–kale mix, and after thermal treatment. The storage period did not influence the relative bioaccessibility; yet, the absolute content of bioaccessible anthocyanins was decreased after storage. This research further presents that processing and formulation strongly affect the stability and bioaccessibility of anthocyanins during storage.