bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Deben incluirse los nombres de líquidos en Terminología Anatómica?
Authors: Coello Cuntó Rafael , Coello Salguero Rafael , Muñoz Sanchez Gary , Vega Cobos Rita , Véliz Ortega José , Macías Alcivar José Ignacio , Jiménez Asang Marcos , Jiménez Asang Yodrany
Published: December 2020

Las denominaciones anatómicas humanas son el punto de partida para ordenar todo idioma científico biomédico y la comunicación científica está subordinada a Terminología Anatómica (TA). Para la incorporación de un término anatómico se utilizan resoluciones provenientes de la FIPAT y principios universales como el respeto a la identidad semántica de la estructura y sus componentes; sin embargo, en TA existen términos de líquidos biológicos y la ausencia de otros; los líquidos son resultado de procesos metabólicos y participan en fenómenos fisiológicos. En la publicación de la FIPAT 2da edición, Terminología Anatómica, 2011 se incluyen denominaciones de líquidos sin precisar el criterio de selección. Este documento pretende establecer una conciliación de dicha inequidad incorporando términos de líquidos biológicos básicos; se propone la necesidad de incorporar en un anexo dichos términos en atención a su presencia en espacios reales o virtuales sin aumentar el número de términos enlistados en el texto.
Sources and characteristics of size-resolved particulate organic acids and methanesulfonate in a coastal megacity: Manila, Philippines
Authors: Stahl Connor , Cruz Melliza Templonuevo , Bañaga Paola Angela , Betito Grace , Braun Rachel A. , Aghdam Mojtaba Azadi , Cambaliza Maria Obiminda , Lorenzo Genevieve Rose , MacDonald Alexander B. , Hilario Miguel Ricardo A. , Pabroa Preciosa Corazon , Yee John Robin , Simpas James Bernard , Sorooshian Armin
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A 16-month (July 2018–October 2019) dataset of size-resolved aerosol
composition is used to examine the sources and characteristics of five
organic acids (oxalate, succinate, adipate, maleate, phthalate) and
methanesulfonate (MSA) in Metro Manila, Philippines. As one of the most
polluted megacities globally, Metro Manila offers a view of how diverse
sources and meteorology impact the relative amounts and size distributions
of these species. A total of 66 sample sets were collected with a
Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI), of which 54 sets were
analyzed for composition. Organic acids and MSA surprisingly were less
abundant than in other global regions that are also densely populated. The
combined species accounted for an average of 0.80 ± 0.66 % of total
gravimetric mass between 0.056 and 18 µm, still leaving 33.74 % of
mass unaccounted for after considering black carbon and water-soluble ions
and elements. The unresolved mass is suggested to consist of
non-water-soluble metals as well as both water-soluble and non-water-soluble
organics. Oxalate was approximately an order of magnitude more abundant than
the other five species (149 ± 94 ng m−3 versus others being
< 10 ng m−3) across the 0.056–18 µm size range. Both
positive matrix factorization (PMF) and correlation analysis are conducted
with tracer species to investigate the possible sources of organic acids
and MSA. Enhanced biomass burning influence in the 2018 southwest monsoon
resulted in especially high levels of submicrometer succinate, MSA, oxalate,
and phthalate. Peculiarly, MSA had negligible contributions from marine
sources but instead was linked to biomass burning and combustion. Enhanced
precipitation during the two monsoon seasons (8 June–4 October 2018 and
14 June–7 October 2019) coincided with a stronger influence from local
emissions rather than long-range transport, leading to notable concentration
enhancements in both the sub- and supermicrometer ranges for some species
(e.g., maleate and phthalate). While secondary formation via gas-to-particle
conversion is consistent with submicrometer peaks for the organic acids and
MSA, several species (i.e., phthalate, adipate, succinate, oxalate)
exhibited a prominent peak in the coarse mode, largely owing to their
association with crustal emissions (i.e., more alkaline aerosol type) rather
than sea salt. Oxalate's strong association with sulfate in the
submicrometer mode supports an aqueous-phase formation pathway for the study
region. However, high concentrations during periods of low rain and high
solar radiation suggest photo-oxidation is an important formation pathway.
Effects of the prewhitening method, the time granularity, and the time segmentation on the Mann–Kendall trend detection and the associated Sen's slope
Authors: Collaud Coen Martine , Andrews Elisabeth , Bigi Alessandro , Martucci Giovanni , Romanens Gonzague , Vogt Frédéric P. A. , Vuilleumier Laurent
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The Mann–Kendall test associated with the Sen's slope is a very widely used non-parametric method for trend analysis. It requires serially uncorrelated
time series, yet most of the atmospheric processes exhibit positive
autocorrelation. Several prewhitening methods have therefore been designed
to overcome the presence of lag-1 autocorrelation. These include a
prewhitening, a detrending and/or a correction of the detrended slope and
the original variance of the time series. The choice of which prewhitening
method and temporal segmentation to apply has consequences for the
statistical significance, the value of the slope and of the confidence limits. Here, the effects of various prewhitening methods are analyzed for
seven time series comprising in situ aerosol measurements (scattering coefficient, absorption coefficient, number concentration and aerosol
optical depth), Raman lidar water vapor mixing ratio,
as well as tropopause and zero-degree temperature levels measured by radio-sounding. These time series are characterized by a broad variety of distributions, ranges and lag-1
autocorrelation values and vary in length between 10 and 60 years. A common
way to work around the autocorrelation problem is to decrease it by
averaging the data over longer time intervals than in the original time
series. Thus, the second focus of this study evaluates the effect of time
granularity on long-term trend analysis. Finally, a new algorithm involving
three prewhitening methods is proposed in order to maximize the power of the test, to minimize the number of erroneous detected trends in the absence of a real trend and to ensure the best slope estimate for the considered length of the time series.
Applying deep learning to NASA MODIS data to create a community record of marine low-cloud mesoscale morphology
Authors: Yuan Tianle , Song Hua , Wood Robert , Mohrmann Johannes , Meyer Kerry , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Platnick Steven
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Marine low clouds display rich mesoscale morphological types and distinct
spatial patterns of cloud fields. Being able to differentiate low-cloud
morphology offers a tool for the research community to go one step beyond
bulk cloud statistics such as cloud fraction and advance the understanding
of low clouds. Here we report the progress of our project that aims to
create an observational record of low-cloud mesoscale morphology at a
near-global (60∘ S–60∘ N) scale. First, a training set is created by our team members manually labeling thousands of mesoscale (128×128) MODIS scenes into six different categories: stratus, closed cellular convection, disorganized convection, open cellular convection, clustered cumulus convection, and suppressed cumulus convection. Then we train a deep convolutional neural network model using this training set to classify individual MODIS scenes at 128×128 resolution and test it on a test set. The trained model achieves a
cross-type average precision of about 93 %. We apply the trained model to 16 years of data over the southeastern Pacific. The resulting climatological distribution of low-cloud morphology types shows both expected and unexpected features and suggests promising potential for low-cloud studies as a data product.
Validation of the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) surface UV radiation product
Authors: Lakkala Kaisa , Kujanpää Jukka , Brogniez Colette , Henriot Nicolas , Arola Antti , Aun Margit , Auriol Frédérique , Bais Alkiviadis F. , Bernhard Germar , De Bock Veerle , Catalfamo Maxime , Deroo Christine , Diémoz Henri , Egli Luca , Forestier Jean-Baptiste , Fountoulakis Ilias , Garane Katerina , Garcia Rosa Delia , Gröbner Julian , Hassinen Seppo , Heikkilä Anu , Henderson Stuart , Hülsen Gregor , Johnsen Bjørn , Kalakoski Niilo , Karanikolas Angelos , Karppinen Tomi , Lamy Kevin , León-Luis Sergio F. , Lindfors Anders V. , Metzger Jean-Marc , Minvielle Fanny , Muskatel Harel B. , Portafaix Thierry , Redondas Alberto , Sanchez Ricardo , Siani Anna Maria , Svendby Tove , Tamminen Johanna
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite was launched on 13 October 2017 to provide the atmospheric composition for atmosphere and climate research. The S5P is a Sun-synchronous polar-orbiting satellite providing global daily coverage. The TROPOMI swath is 2600 km wide, and the ground resolution for most data products is 7.2×3.5 km2 (5.6×3.5 km2 since 6 August 2019) at nadir. The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) is responsible for the development of the TROPOMI UV algorithm and the processing of the TROPOMI surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation product which includes 36 UV parameters in total. Ground-based data from 25 sites located in arctic, subarctic, temperate, equatorial and Antarctic areas were used for validation of the TROPOMI overpass irradiance at 305, 310, 324 and 380 nm, overpass erythemally weighted dose rate/UV index, and erythemally weighted daily dose for the period from 1 January 2018 to 31 August 2019. The validation results showed that for most sites 60 %–80 % of TROPOMI data was within ±20 % of ground-based data for snow-free surface conditions. The median relative differences to ground-based measurements of TROPOMI snow-free surface daily doses were within ±10 % and ±5 % at two-thirds and at half of the sites, respectively. At several sites more than 90 % of cloud-free TROPOMI data was within ±20 % of ground-based measurements. Generally median relative differences between TROPOMI data and ground-based measurements were a little biased towards negative values (i.e. satellite data < ground-based measurement), but at high latitudes where non-homogeneous topography and albedo or snow conditions occurred, the negative bias was exceptionally high: from −30 % to −65 %. Positive biases of 10 %–15 % were also found for mountainous sites due to challenging topography. The TROPOMI surface UV radiation product includes quality flags to detect increased uncertainties in the data due to heterogeneous surface albedo and rough terrain, which can be used to filter the data retrieved under challenging conditions.
Resolution dependence of magnetosheath waves in global hybrid-Vlasov simulations
Authors: Dubart Maxime , Ganse Urs , Osmane Adnane , Johlander Andreas , Battarbee Markus , Grandin Maxime , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Turc Lucile , Palmroth Minna
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Kinetically driven plasma waves are fundamental for a description of the thermodynamical properties of the Earth's magnetosheath. The most commonly observed ion-scale instabilities are generated by temperature anisotropy of the ions, such as the mirror and proton cyclotron instabilities. We investigate here the spatial resolution dependence of the mirror and proton cyclotron instabilities in a global hybrid-Vlasov simulation using the Vlasiator model; we do this in order to find optimal resolutions and help future global hybrid-Vlasov simulations to save resources when investigating those instabilities in the magnetosheath. We compare the proton velocity distribution functions, power spectra and growth rates of the instabilities in a set of simulations with three different spatial resolutions but otherwise identical set-up. We find that the proton cyclotron instability is absent at the lowest resolution and that only the mirror instability remains, which leads to an increased temperature anisotropy in the simulation. We conclude that the proton cyclotron instability, its saturation and the reduction of the anisotropy to marginal levels are resolved at the highest spatial resolution. A further increase in resolution does not lead to a better description of the instability to an extent that would justify this increase at the cost of numerical resources in future simulations. We also find that spatial resolutions between 1.32 and 2.64 times the inertial length in the solar wind present acceptable limits for the resolution within which the velocity distribution functions resulting from the proton cyclotron instability are still bi-Maxwellian and reach marginal stability levels. Our results allow us to determine a range of spatial resolutions suitable for the modelling of the proton cyclotron and mirror instabilities and should be taken into consideration regarding the optimal grid spacing for the modelling of these two instabilities, within available computational resources.
EC-Earth3-AerChem, a global climate model with interactive aerosols
and atmospheric chemistry participating in CMIP6
Authors: van Noije Twan , Bergman Tommi , Le Sager Philippe , O'Donnell Declan , Makkonen Risto , Gonçalves-Ageitos María , Döscher Ralf , Fladrich Uwe , von Hardenberg Jost , Keskinen Jukka-Pekka , Korhonen Hannele , Laakso Anton , Myriokefalitakis Stelios , Ollinaho Pirkka , Pérez García-Pando Carlos , Reerink Thomas , Schrödner Roland , Wyser Klaus , Yang Shuting
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This paper documents the global climate model EC-Earth3-AerChem, one of the members of the EC-Earth3 family of models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). EC-Earth3-AerChem has interactive aerosols and atmospheric chemistry and contributes to the Aerosols and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP). In this paper, we give an overview of the model and describe in detail how it differs from the other EC-Earth3 configurations, and what the new features are compared to the previously documented version of the model (EC-Earth 2.4). We explain how the model was tuned and spun up under pre-industrial conditions and characterize the model's general performance on the basis of a selection of coupled simulations conducted for CMIP6. The mean energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere in the pre-industrial control simulation is −0.10 ± 0.25 W m−2 and shows no significant drift. The corresponding mean global surface air temperature is 14.05 ± 0.16 °C, with a small drift of −0.075 ± 0.009 °C per century. The model's effective equilibrium climate sensitivity is estimated at 3.9 °C and its transient climate response at 2.1 °C. The CMIP6 historical simulation displays spurious interdecadal variability in Northern Hemisphere temperatures, resulting in a large spread among ensemble members and a tendency to underestimate observed annual surface temperature anomalies from the early 20th century onwards. The observed warming of the Southern Hemisphere is well reproduced by the model. Compared to the ERA5 reanalysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, the ensemble mean surface air temperature climatology for 1995–2014 has an average bias of −0.86 ± 0.35 °C in the Northern Hemisphere and 1.29 ± 0.05 °C in the Southern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere warm bias is largely caused by errors in shortwave cloud radiative effects over the Southern Ocean, a deficiency of many climate models. Changes in the emissions of near-term climate forcers (NTCFs) have significant climate effects from the 20th century onwards. For the SSP3-7.0 shared socio-economic pathway, the model gives a global warming at the end of the 21st century (2091–2100) of 4.9 °C above the pre-industrial mean. A 0.5 °C stronger warming is obtained for the AerChemMIP scenario with reduced emissions of NTCFs. With concurrent reductions of future methane concentrations, the warming is projected to be reduced by 0.5 °C.
Spring melt pond fraction in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago predicted from RADARSAT-2
Authors: Howell Stephen E. L. , Scharien Randall K. , Landy Jack , Brady Mike
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Melt ponds form on the surface of Arctic sea ice during
spring, influencing how much solar radiation is absorbed into the sea
ice–ocean system, which in turn impacts the ablation of sea ice during the
melt season. Accordingly, melt pond fraction (fp) has been shown to be a
useful predictor of sea ice area during the summer months. Sea ice dynamic
and thermodynamic processes operating within the narrow channels and inlets
of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) during the summer months are
difficult for model simulations to accurately resolve. Additional
information on fp variability in advance of the melt season within the
CAA could help constrain model simulations and/or provide useful information
in advance of the shipping season. Here, we use RADARSAT-2 imagery to
predict and analyze peak melt pond fraction (fpk) and evaluate its
utility to provide predictive information with respect to sea ice area
during the melt season within the CAA from 2009–2018. The temporal
variability of RADARSAT-2 fpk over the 10-year record was found to be
strongly linked to the variability of mean April multi-year ice area with a
statistically significant detrended correlation (R) of R=-0.89. The
spatial distribution of RADARSAT-2 fpk was found to be in excellent
agreement with the sea ice stage of development prior to the melt
season. RADARSAT-2 fpk values were in good agreement with
fpk observed from in situ observations but were found to be ∼ 0.05 larger compared to MODIS fpk observations. Dynamically stable sea
ice regions within the CAA exhibited higher detrended correlations between
RADARSAT-2 fpk and summer sea ice area. Our results show that RADARSAT-2
fpk can be used to provide predictive information about summer sea ice
area for a key shipping region of the Northwest Passage.
Snow conditions in northern Europe: the dynamics of interannual
variability versus projected long-term change
Authors: Räisänen Jouni
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Simulations by the EURO-CORDEX regional climate models (RCMs) indicate a widespread future decrease in snow water equivalent (SWE) in northern Europe. This concurs with the negative interannual correlation between SWE and winter temperature in the southern parts of the domain, but not with the positive correlation observed further north and over the Scandinavian mountains. To better understand these similarities and differences, interannual variations and projected future changes in SWE are attributed to anomalies/changes in three factors: total precipitation, the snowfall fraction of precipitation, and the fraction of snowfall that remains on ground (snow-on-ground fraction). In areas with relatively mild winter climate, the latter two terms govern both the long-term change and interannual variability, resulting in less snow with higher temperatures. In colder areas, however, interannual SWE variability is dominated by variations in total precipitation. Since total precipitation is positively correlated with temperature, more snow tends to accumulate in milder winters. Still, even in these areas, SWE is projected to decrease due to reduced snowfall and snow-on-ground fractions in response to higher temperatures. Although winter total precipitation is projected to increase, its increase is smaller than would be expected from the interannual co-variation of temperature and precipitation, and therefore insufficient to compensate the lower snowfall and snow-on-ground fractions. Furthermore, interannual SWE variability in northern Europe in the simulated warmer future climate is increasingly governed by variations in the snowfall and snow-on-ground fractions, and less by variations in total precipitation.
Las artes decorativas, un camino hacia la modernidad: Matilde Calvo Rodero y Victorina Durán
Authors: Gaitán Salinas Carmen , Murga Castro Idoia
Published: December 2020

Muchos son los esfuerzos que desde hace tiempo se vienen produciendo por concederle a las mujeres el lugar que le corresponde en el arte. Sin embargo, menos se ha atendido a la función de estas en el arte decorativo, una rama a veces marginal en la historiografía —especialmente la del siglo XX—, al igual que a las artistas que lo han cultivado. En 1899 nacían Victorina Durán y Matilde Calvo Rodero, dos creadoras que se formaron, trabajaron y expusieron juntas. Se trata de uno de los escasos ejemplos hasta ahora documentados de amistad, colaboración y a veces autoría creativa compartida entre mujeres artistas de su época, que ilustra el cambio que encarnó toda una generación moderna que dignificaría las técnicas y obras de las artes decorativas. Con todo, siguen siendo unas grandes desconocidas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo estudiar las trayectorias y circunstancias de estas artistas, subrayando su aprendizaje y orientaciones estéticas, y analizando su producción artística, así como su actividad docente. Mediante la puesta en valor de las modernas aportaciones de ambas, pretendemos contribuir a la incorporación de su obra y la reivindicación de sus soportes y formatos en los relatos de nuestra historia cultural reciente.
La construcción sensible del espacio privado en la modernidad líquida: el cuarto propio conectado
Authors: Ríos Coello Yolanda , Matesanz Chelo
Published: December 2020

Este artículo analiza las transformaciones que las nuevas  tecnologías de los medios de información y comunicación han generado sobre los individuos, su forma de relacionarse y su noción de privacidad. Desde finales del siglo XX hasta hoy, en un escenario hipervinculado y global, constituido por personas igualmente hiperconectadas, éstas a su vez han modificado y adaptado su entorno dibujando un nuevo concepto de espacio privado: el cuarto propio conectado. Este habitáculo escenifica la inmaterialidad e inestabilidad de la “modernidad líquida” descrita por Zygmunt Bauman. El proyecto New Babylon que Constant construye basándose en el homo ludens de Huizinga nos va a servir como referencia para identificar las alteraciones que se están produciendo en el uso del ámbito privado en la actualidad condicionado por las nuevas tecnologías. La generación Z, jóvenes que han nacido y se están educando en perpetua interacción con pantallas, ordenadores y redes sociales ya están ilustrando una compleja área privada sin límites precisos, fluida e interactiva. Nos proponemos delimitar algunas metamorfosis vitales que están sucediendo en los individuos y constatar cómo éstas desmaterializan y diluyen el límite de lo público y lo privado, así como los procesos que configuran la obra de arte.
“Gewalt”: representaciones de la violencia en el expresionismo literario alemán a partir de Kierkegaard y Benjamin
Authors: Gómez García Carmen
Published: December 2020

A partir de Temor y temblor, de Søren Kierkegaard, el presente artículo supone una muestra de las diferentes representaciones expresionistas de la violencia en función de sus tres diferentes significados en alemán (Gewalt: violencia, poder, fuerza), desconocidos en lengua española, inglesa o francesa. No obstante, son varios los pensadores que, como Arendt, Benjamin, Derrida o Weber, han reflexionado sobre la violencia, un motivo esencial de la literatura expresionista alemana, por lo que en las siguientes páginas se procederá a reinterpretar las imágenes de la violencia del expresionismo literario alemán (en particular en textos de Georg Heym y de Franz Kafka) por primera vez atendiendo a su relación con el término original alemán y a sus diferentes aplicaciones.
Usando Mapas Conceituais para uma Aprendizagem Significativa de Geometria
Authors: Krause João Carlos , Andreola Charline Da Silva , Contri Rozelaine
Published: December 2020

O contexto educacional atual exige uma constante reflexão sobre as metodologias utilizadas em sala de aula, a fim de buscar alternativas capazes de motivar os estudantes, facilitar a aprendizagem e torná-los sujeitos ativos na busca pelo conhecimento. Diante disso, este trabalho apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada com alunos do nono ano do ensino fundamental e a terceira série do ensino médio de uma escola pública da rede estadual de ensino do Rio Grande do Sul e tem como objetivo analisar se a construção de mapas conceituais utilizando o software CmapTools pode auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de geometria, sendo que o estudo encontra-se fundamentado na teoria da aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel. As observações aconteceram durante as aulas de Matemática e a metodologia utilizada baseou-se na análise dos mapas elaborados e também nos resultados de um pré e um pós teste com questões envolvendo conteúdos de geometria. Ficou evidente que a elaboração dos mapas conceituais possibilita que aluno e professor percebam as dificuldades existentes no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos conteúdos desenvolvidos. Também pode-se afirmar que o mapeamento conceitual aliado à tecnologia pode ser uma estratégia capaz de oferecer perspectivas positivas para a prática educativa e possibilitar a aprendizagem significativa dos conteúdos de geometria tanto no ensino fundamental quanto no ensino médio. Além disso, motivou a participação dos estudantes na dinâmica de trabalho em sala de aula, durante a construção e apresentação dos mapas conceituais.
Total Factor Environmental Productivity in the Mediterranean Countries: A Malmquist–Luenberger Index Approach
Authors: Jebali Eya , Essid Hédi
Published: December 2020

This paper examines the environmental productivity in the Mediterranean countries over the period 2009-2014.We use the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index (MLPI) that can handle undesirable outputs within Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. We decompose the MLPI index into technical efficiency, technological change and scale efficiency change in order to determine the source of productivity changes. Empirical findings indicate that the total factor environmental productivity in the Mediterranean countries have a negative developmental trend. Furthermore, we find that technological progress is the main source of productivity growth. Finally, Mediterranean countries need a considerable effort on R&D to optimize the potential for technical development and enhance the environmental efficiency levels.
Predictor of Turnover Intention of Register Nurses: Job Satisfaction or Work Engagement?
Authors: Edwards-Dandridge Yolanda , Simmons Brandon D , Campbell Douglas G
Published: December 2020

Both employee job satisfaction (JS) and employee work engagement (WE) have been examined as possible predictors of employees’ intention to voluntarily leave a specific job or company, known as turnover intention (TI). While the body of knowledge has grown concerning the nature of TI, there remains the unsettled question of which of the two concepts most accurately predicates TI. The high turnover rate of registered nurses (RNs) in hospitals in the U.S. presented an opportunity to examine if JS and WE predict, and to what degree, among RNs. For this quantitative correlational research probability sampling was used to identify 155 participants, all full-time registered nurses with 2 or more years of employment in New York hospitals. Data, obtained from surveys, were analyzed via multiple linear regression. The results revealed that only job satisfaction predicted turnover intention among the nurses sampled, F (5,154) = 12.008, p R2 = 287.The findings indicate that leaders of healthcare organizations, might lower nurse turnover intention by focusing on improving job satisfaction. Specifically, TI may be lower by addressing the issues identified from regular job satisfaction surveys, and by a greater emphasis on creating a more satisfying workplace. A more stable RN workforce could reduce healthcare disruptions in communities.
Impact of Nurse Manager Peer Mentorship Program on Job Satisfaction and Intention to Stay
Authors: Roth Tonya , Whitehead Diane
Published: December 2020

Nurse managers (NMs) play a vital role in patient outcomes by providing a stable work environment for teams. Numerous factors influence a NM’s job satisfaction and intent to remain in a job. The purpose of this project was to develop an evidence-based formal mentorship program for NMs in an effort to impact retention rates. A secondary purpose was to evaluate the impact that a formal mentorship program has on NMs’ job satisfaction and intent to stay. Across two hospitals in the Pacific Northwest, 15 NMs participated in a 6-month mentorship program. The program was guided by both the mentorship enactment theory and Kouzes and Posner’s exemplary leadership framework. Using the Leadership Practices Inventory and the Nurse Manager Practice Environment scale, job satisfaction, intent to stay in a job, and transformational leadership behaviors were measured before and after the program, Results were analyzed using a paired-samples t test. There were statistically significant differences between the preprogram Leadership Practices Inventory scores (M = 212.27, SD = 37.8) and postprogram scores (M = 232.47, SD = 25.28); t(14) = –2.83, p = .013. There were also statistically significant differences between the preprogram Nurse Manager Practice Environment Scale–Culture of Generativity subscale (M = 23.20, SD = 4.65) and post-program scores (M = 26.20, SD = 4.74); t(14) = –2.40, p = .032. The results demonstrated a significant increase in job satisfaction, intent to stay, and transformational leadership behaviors. Implementation of this pilot program supported positive social change through reduced NM turnover, resulting in a reduction of healthcare spending on replacement costs in addition to improved patient outcomes
Translation and Validation of the HPLP-II From English to Armenian
Authors: Minasyan Zoya , Hussey Leslie C
Published: December 2020

As the focus of healthcare shifts toward the social determinants of health, more information about health disparities between different ethnic communities is needed. The Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) is an instrument that measures health promotion behavior across various cultural lines. This article describes the translation and validation of the HPLP-II from English to Armenian for the purpose of studying health promotion behavior among the hypertensive and normotensive Armenian American population and addressing health disparities among this community. Translating the HPLP-II required a multistep process to capture cultural linguistic adjustment. First, the researcher, a local bilingual professor, and a professional translation company each created a forward-translation. These three translations were combined by an editor to create one translation with the highest clarity. The researcher then submitted this translation to two bilingual community members for back-translation. A committee composed of the researcher, the community members, and a bilingual healthcare worker reviewed each back-translated item and adjusted those that lost their meanings. Another committee reviewed each item for clarity and consistency. The instrument was then given to five native speakers who were asked to read each question and verbally express what they understood it to be asking. After the researcher made adjustments based on this feedback, the instrument was given to a committee of nine bilingual experts, who reviewed each item and scored it.This multistep, iterative process resulted in an instrument with an item content validity index score of 0.90 (>0.78) and a scale content validity index of 0.96 (>0.90), and Cronbach’s a = 0.936, suggesting a high level of reliability. The HPLP-II can now be used in future studies regarding health promotion behavior among Armenian Americans.
Impact of Acculturation on Body Mass Index in Haitians
Authors: Berthold Lafontant Nirva
Published: December 2020

Longer term immigrants residing in the United States exhibit physical health decline related to higher body mass index (BMI). Theories on immigrant acculturation have been used to examine health patterns by length of stay in the United States. The purpose of this cross-sectional study, guided by the Schwartz model of acculturation, was to examine the effect of acculturation and length of stay in the United States on BMI in a sample of Haitian immigrants living in a northeast metropolitan area. The research question was developed to examine the effects of acculturation and how long immigrants reside in the United States on BMI. The Participants included a convenience sample of 116 Haitian men and women, aged 18 years and older, who had relocated to the United States for 3 years or more. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and medical records from a participating health clinic and then analyzed by conducting multiple linear regression statistical analyses. Results revealed that acculturation, length of stay in the United States, age, gender, and physical activity were not significant predictors of BMI change. An ancillary analysis using the subscales of acculturation revealed similar results. This study may provide positive social change by enabling health providers to understand the beliefs, values, and practices of Haitian immigrant groups and the acculturation pattern of individuals when providing care for this population.
Developing a Clinical Practice Guideline for Surgical Diabetic Patients
Authors: Harbaugh Barbie , Whitehead Diane
Published: December 2020

Diabetes is a recognized risk factor for postoperative infection, acute renal failure, ileus, and a lengthy hospital stay. Optimal screening, management, and scheduling of elective surgery for diabetic patients have been shown to improve quality care, decrease complications, increase the efficiency, and lower the costs of preoperative patient care. However, surgery cancellations are common due to inadequate preoperative glycemic control and poor intraoperative glycemic control, which are recognized risk factors for perioperative or postoperative complications. There were no clinical practice guidelines or optimization protocols for elective surgery patients at a small rural hospital in the northeast United States. The purpose of this project was to develop a clinical practice guideline for elective surgery patients in this hospital outlining the acceptable HgbA1C level for surgical clearance. The five attributes of change, individual and collective leadership, operational support, fostering relationships, organizational learning, and balance, framed the development of this project. Based on the current evidence, the HgbA1C level approved to be acceptable for surgery clearance was 8.5% mg/dL. An 18-member expert panel consisting of anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists, an endocrinologist, a diabetic nurse educator, an administrator, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and surgeons reviewed the proposed guideline using the AGREE II tool. Using a scale of 1 to 7 (strongly disagree to strongly agree), the team members agreed with the proposed guideline, with a score of 6 or higher in each domain. Utilization of this guideline may promote positive social change by addressing the gap in practice at this hospital and significantly reducing the number of surgery cancellations among diabetic patients.
Exam Preparation: Concerns of London Upper Secondary School Students with Implications for Teachers and Teaching
Authors: Minott Mark A
Published: December 2020

The aim of this qualitative case study was to ascertain factors impacting the examination preparation process and causing concerns for London upper secondary students, to learn steps taken to reduce and/or resolve the concerns, and to discuss the implications for teachers and teaching. A subsidiary yet important aim was to give the students a “voice” in the research literature. Using convenient or opportunity sampling, 14 Grade 12 and 13 students, ages 16–18 in a south-west London secondary school, were interviewed face-to-face. The analysis of the data revealed external factors and a personal need factor, that is the need to pass the exam, impacted the examination preparation process and caused concerns for students. Schools and students have use various solutions to reduce and/or resolve concerns. For example, school-based solutions included offering make-up or additional sessions or extra classes. Students—when faced with large amounts of material and information—employed solutions such as “things-to-do lists” and breaking down tasks into manageable sections. Implications for teachers and teaching include the need for teachers’ lesson contents to address factors impacting exam preparation and students’ concerns. Teachers also need to equip students to use a variety of revision strategies, encourage students to use social support and ensure that promised extra lessons materialize.
A Comparison of School Climate Ratings in Urban Alternative and Traditional High Schools
Authors: Perzigian Aaron , Braun Michael
Published: December 2020

We investigated whether there are significant differences in ratings of school climate from the perspectives of students, parents, and school staff across four types of urban secondary schools. Data originated from a school climate survey administered in a large urban Midwestern school district to students attending traditional and alternative high schools. We coded all high schools in the sample district into four school types, including traditional, innovative, behavior-focused, and academic remediation-focused. We analyzed data using linear mixed-model regression. Results showed statistically significant differences in specific dimensions of school climate across stakeholder groups and the four school types. Analysis of student data indicated ratings of Learning-Focused Environment are significantly lower in traditional schools. Analysis of parent data indicated ratings of Academic Preparation and Community Engagement are significantly higher in innovative alternative schools. Analysis of staff data indicated ratings of Staff Engagement are significantly lower in traditional schools. These findings suggest discrepant educational opportunities related to specific dimensions of climate according to school type.
Education Leaders’ Perceptions of Faculty Ethical Decision-Making: Awareness, Learning, and Change
Authors: Burleigh Cheryl
Published: December 2020

Conversations about ethical decision-making exist in a climate of misinformation within social and political forums. The issue of ethical decision-making in the context of educational leadership within a school environment has not been recently investigated. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study was to examine the perceptions of education leaders who observed the processes faculty employed when ethical decision-making commenced throughout the school day. Data was collected during interviews with education leaders who answered semi-structured, open-ended questions. The findings led the leaders to self-reflect, redefining their roles as authentic leaders and a gaining a deeper understanding of school culture, thus helping create systemic change.
Social Media Marketing Adoption Strategies: An Exploratory Multiple Case Study of Landscape Industry Small Businesses
Authors: Lupo Crystal , Stroman Jason R.
Published: December 2020

Despite research contending that marketing is a pivotal factor in small business success, many small business owners continue to underutilize low-cost marketing options available to them. Of these options, social media marketing is a useful tool to maintain competitiveness in the larger marketplace. However, the adoption of social media best practices in small business remains deficient. The landscape industry is a large and growing field with small businesses making up a large and growing share of the industry. Yet some landscape industry small business owners lack strategies to adopt innovative social media marketing strategies to help ensure business viability. This study incorporated a qualitative, exploratory multiple-case study design to explore how landscape industry small business owners use social media marketing strategies to help ensure business viability. Results indicated that successful marketing strategies tended to incorporate Facebook as the primary social media tool and included content such as service, education, and holiday posts. Benefits of social media marketing primarily centered on low-cost marketing options for improved visibility, while challenges included a trial-and-error learning curve. Results of this study might help small businesses improve their long-term viability through social media marketing strategies.
A Educação no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Vieira Márcia de Freitas , Seco Carlos Manuel
Published: December 2020

A pandemia de COVID-19 que acometeu a população mundial no início de 2020 exigiu dos governantes ações emergenciais nas mais variadas áreas da sociedade no intuito de conter a propagação da doença. As medidas de distanciamento social sugeridas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e adotadas na maioria dos países causaram o fechamento das escolas, o que impôs um novo modelo educacional, sustentado pelas tecnologias digitais e pautado nas metodologias da educação online. Este artigo busca refletir sobre o atual cenário educacional frente à pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus, a partir de uma revisão sistemática de literatura das primeiras contribuições da comunidade científica brasileira e portuguesa sobre os efeitos e desafios da pandemia do COVID-19 na Educação. O estudo toma como base as produções publicadas no Portal de periódicos da CAPES, nos Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal – RCAAP, no SCIELO e no Google Scholar, no período de março/2020 a julho/2020 e revela desafios vivenciados por alunos e professores, estratégias adotadas pelos dirigentes escolares e professores para mitigar os efeitos da transição para o ensino e aprendizagem remotos e as perspectivas futuras para a educação.
Emergency Remote Computer Science Education in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts and Strategies
Authors: Deus William Simão de , Fioravanti Maria Lydia , Oliveira Camila Dias de , Barbosa Ellen Francine
Published: December 2020

At the end of 2019, there was an outbreak of pneumonia in Chinese territory that quickly spread across the globe. Due to its infection characteristics, several face-to-face activities that brought many people together had to be rethought. In this critical scenario, teaching was abruptly changed into a modality called Emergency Remote Education (ERE). Thus, many professors had to adapt materials and resources from traditional teaching to the ERE modality without any previous planning and organization. Considering the aforementioned, the main goal of this study is to present how ERE has been conducted by professors in the field of Computer Science in Brazil. To achieve this goal, we prepared an electronic questionnaire, which was answered by 141 professors from different Brazilian educational institutions. The main results achieved by this research include the impacts observed and the strategies that have been practiced by such professionals. Based on the gathered results, we can notice that Computer Science professors in Brazil had (and still have) to reinvent themselves during ERE. In addition, there is still a lack of public previous policies to support these professionals’ routine.
Neoliberalismo e crise: o avanço silencioso do capitalismo de vigilância na educação brasileira durante a pandemia da Covid19
Authors: Cruz Leonardo Ribeiro da , Venturini Jamila Rodrigues
Published: December 2020

Atualmente, podemos observar o crescimento de acordos envolvendo instituições públicas de ensino e empresas cuja valorização advêm da coleta e tratamento de dados de seus usuários para a utilização de diversos tipos de aplicativos educacionais. Esse crescimento acelerou durante a pandemia de Covid-19, quando a emergência do distanciamento social fez crescer a demanda por ensino remoto em tais instituições. Contudo, a adesão a tais acordos é realizada de forma silenciosa a partir de interações diretas entre empresas e instituições públicas e sem um debate público sobre seus riscos e consequências para a educação pública brasileira, principalmente as que envolvem a segurança de dados e a terceirização de parte do gerenciamento de tecnologias de informação. Esse artigo tem como objetivo discutir a adoção de tecnologias educacionais de empresas cujo modelo de negócios é pautado pela coleta e tratamento de dados dos usuários, particularmente durante a pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil. Veremos, por meio da análise dos dados disponíveis sobre sua atuação, que o avanço desse mercado sobre a educação pública do país, acelerado durante a crise de saúde, é sustentado pelo planejamento e execução de um projeto de ampliação do envolvimento de empresas privadas e de diminuição do investimento público no setor.
Evidências no desenvolvimento de habilidades socioemocionais via tecnologias educacionais digitais/analógicas para crianças do século XXI: um mapeamento sistemático do estado da arte como fomento a gestores para apoio à políticas públicas brasileiras
Authors: Souza Felipe Faustino de , Silva Luís Antônio dos Santos , Nunes Maria Augusta S. N.
Published: December 2020

Contexto: O desenvolvimento de habilidades socioemocionais pode ser considerado como um elemento bastante relevante a ser incorporado na educação de crianças para o século XXI. A empregabilidade dos mesmos dependerá de como essas habilidades terão sido incorporadas e desenvolvidas durante os processos de ensino-aprendizagem brasileiros atuais, sendo esta uma preocupação recorrente dos gestores a serem, inclusive, apoiadas por meio de políticas públicas. Objetivo: Mapear as iniciativas, buscando evidências científicas, de como o desenvolvimento destas habilidades socioemocionais, tais como Empatia e Mindfulness, tem sido apresentadas, desenvolvidas e/ou aplicadas às crianças do século XXI integrantes do ensino básico brasileiro com o propósito de auxiliar gestores educacionais. Metodologia: Utilizando o método de Mapeamento Sistemático da Literatura, proposta por Petersen et al., foi realizada uma pesquisa em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais visando responder, dentre outras, à pergunta: "Quais evidências existem que relacionam o uso de tecnologias educacionais digitais/analógicas para o desenvolvimento de habilidades socioemocionais aos estudantes no ensino básico brasileiro?". Resultados: Foram encontrados 96 estudos que apresentam habilidades socioemocionais (Empatia e Mindfulness), que atendem aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Estes revelaram que habilidades socioemocionais foram desenvolvidas usando tecnologias educacionais digitais/analógicas e em sua maioria com evidências apoiadas por métodos estatísticos. Conclusão: A análise destas publicações possibilitou obter um panorama sobre as tecnologias educacionais digitais/analógicas que vêm sendo utilizadas no contexto do desenvolvimento de habilidades socioemocionais (Empatia/Mindfulness) no cenário brasileiro e mundial, como e onde têm sido aplicadas, e os resultados obtidos com sua aplicação. Os dados mostram que há, sim, evidências de publicações que desenvolvem habilidades socioemocionais, tais como Empatia e Mindfulness, que são aplicáveis à crianças do século XXI no ensino básico brasileiro, bem como no exterior e, que em sua maioria, são apoiados por métodos/técnicas estatísticas, revelando, assim, rigor na validação de seus resultados.