bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disproportionation of Nitric Oxide at a Surface‐Bound Nickel Porphyrinoid
Authors: Stredansky Matus , Moro Stefania , Corva Manuel , Sturmeit Henning , Mischke Valentin , Janas David , Cojocariu Iulia , Jugovac Matteo , Cossaro Albano , Verdini Alberto , Floreano Luca , Feng Zhijing , Sala Alessandro , Comelli Giovanni , Windischbacher Andreas , Puschnig Peter , Hohner Chantal , Kettner Miroslav , Libuda Jörg , Cinchetti Mirko , Schneider Claus Michael , Feyer Vitaliy , Vesselli Erik , Zamborlini Giovanni
Published: March 2022

Uncommon metal oxidation states in porphyrinoid cofactors are responsible for the activity of many enzymes. The F430 and P450nor co‐factors, with their reduced NiI‐ and FeIII‐containing tetrapyrrolic cores, are prototypical examples of biological systems involved in methane formation and in the reduction of nitric oxide, respectively. Herein, using a comprehensive range of experimental and theoretical methods, we raise evidence that nickel tetraphenyl porphyrins deposited in vacuo on a copper surface are reactive towards nitric oxide disproportionation at room temperature. The interpretation of the measurements is far from being straightforward due to the high reactivity of the different nitrogen oxides species (eventually present in the residual gas background) and of the possible reaction intermediates. The picture is detailed in order to disentangle the challenging complexity of the system, where even a small fraction of contamination can change the scenario.
Structural Insight of MOFs under Combined Mechanical and Adsorption Stimuli
Authors: Iacomi Paul , Alabarse Frederico , Appleyard Roger , Lemaire Thomas , Thessieu Christophe , Wang Sujing , Serre Christian , Maurin Guillaume , Yot Pascal G.
Published: March 2022

External control over the pore size of flexible metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has recently emerged as an intriguing concept, with possible applications to gas storage and separation. In this work we present a new pressure cell capable for the first time of monitoring through in situ X‐ray powder diffraction an adsorbent powder under combined uniaxial applied mechanical stress (up to 1 GPa) and gas pressure (up to 20 bar). The combined stress–pressure clamp (CSPC) cell was successfully exploited to follow the evolution of the CO2 breathing behaviour of the prototypical complex breathing MIL‐53(Al) system under mechanical compression obtaining structural evidence that this MOF can be maintained in its closed pore state upon compression, precluding its re‐opening at high gas pressure (>7 bar). This novel setup shows potential for the in‐operando exploration of flexible systems, in equilibrium and flow configurations.
Robust hydrophobic modification of para‐aramid nanofibers/polyvinyl alcohol composite aerogels with 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane
Authors: Ren Jianhua , Hasuo Kensuke , Tabata Isao , Hori Teruo , Hirogaki Kazumasa
Published: March 2022

Aerogels are frequently exposed to moisture or come into direct contact with water in real‐world applications, posing a threat to their stable performance. Herein, based on the characteristic that the liquid phase can efficiently diffuse in the solid cross‐linked network of gels, a robust hydrophobic modification approach for para‐aramid nanofibers/polyvinyl alcohol (ANFs/PVA) composite aerogels with 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOTES) is demonstrated. The type of solvent, the concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) required promoting PFOTES hydrolysis, and the treatment time for hydrophobic modification are discussed individually. The ANFs/PVA/PFOTES aerogels with a water contact angle of 131.0° were obtained through supercritical fluid drying employing acetone as the solvent, with a concentration of 0.1 mol/L HCl of 0.35 vol%, and a treatment duration of 2 h. The hydrogen bond between ANFs and PVA, and the grafting of PFOTES on PVA have both been verified by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The porous structure of the modified aerogels was improved simultaneously, according to scanning electron microscope and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller characterizations. With the help of a thermal imaging camera, ANFs/PVA/PFOTES aerogels exhibit stable thermal insulation capability in low temperature and humid environments, which holds great promise for a wide range of applications.
Consumer mischief as playful resistance to marketing in Twitter hashtag hijacking
Authors: Truong Hong‐Bich (Iris) , Jesudoss Sylvian Patrick , Molesworth Mike
Published: March 2022

While both brand advocacy and protest have long been theorised as key facets in consumers' behaviour, we submit that in the participatory culture of social media, where consumers are free to create and publish their own content, the mischievous play has also become an inevitable form of online culture that brands must deal with. Drawing from Caillois' sociology of play and the cultural power model, we explore how consumers may playfully hijack brands' User‐Generated‐Content (UGC) hashtag campaigns. Based on a non‐participatory netnography, we observed consumers' tweets to unpack their playfulness in responding to brands' marketing communication messages on Twitter and then theorised how consumers use mischief as a form of resistance against marketing practice rather than brands themselves.
Phytoconstituents of Sansevieria suffruticosa N.E.Br. Leaves and Its Hepatoprotective Effect via Activation of the NRF2/ARE Signaling Pathway in an Experimentally Induced Liver Fibrosis Rat Model
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Rehab F. , Fayed Hany M. , Ogaly Hanan A. , Hussein Rehab A. , Raslan Mona A.
Published: March 2022

Sansevieria species possess antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. However, the therapeutic potential of Sansevieria suffruticosa N.E.Br. in liver fibrosis was not evaluated yet. Twenty‐seven phytoconstituents were tentatively identified in the phytoconstituents profile of Sansevieria suffruticosa N.E.Br. leaves extract (SSLE) using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI/MS‐MS). Using column chromatography, hesperetin, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, ginsenoside Rg2, and quinic acid were isolated from SSLE. The hepatoprotective effect of SSLE via the activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway was evaluated using a rat model of thioacetamide‐induced liver fibrosis. Five groups of 6 male adult Wistar rats were used. All animals except the normal control were injected with 200 mg/kg of TAA intraperitoneally twice weekly for 6 weeks. SSLE‐treated groups were orally administered 200 and 100 mg/kg/day of the extract, two weeks before the liver fibrosis induction and were continued concomitantly with TAA injection. A reference group received 100 mg/kg b.wt of silymarin orally. SSLE treated groups exhibited a marked reduction in serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared with the TAA group. The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) content and hepatic mRNA levels of Nrf2 and HO‐1 were significantly increased. Histological findings further confirmed the protective role of SSLE against TAA. In conclusion, the aforementioned results indicated that the hepatoprotective mechanism of SSLE was exerted via activating the Nrf2 pathway to counteract oxidative stress.
Anti‐Inflammatory Markers of Hops Cultivars (Humulus lupulus L.) Evaluated by Untargeted Metabolomics Strategy
Authors: Nicácio Karen de Jesus , Ferreira Miller Santos , Katchborian‐Neto Albert , Costa Milbya Lima , Murgu Michael , Dias Danielle Ferreira , Soares Marisi Gomes , Chagas‐Paula Daniela Aparecida
Published: March 2022

Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are edible flowers commonly used to add flavour and aroma to beer, besides they have rich chemical diversity and medicinal potential. In this work, an ex vivo anti‐inflammatory assay via the LPS‐induced signalling pathway and metabolomics approaches were performed to evaluate the ability of hops to inhibit the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inflammatory mediator and analyze which metabolites produced by the nine different hop cultivars are potential anti‐inflammatory markers. Columbus, Chinook and Hallertau Mittelfrüh hop cultivars yielded extracts with PGE2 release inhibition rates of 86.7, 92.5 and 73.5 %, respectively. According to the multivariate statistical analysis, the majority of the metabolites correlated with the activity were prenylated phloroglucinol and phenolic homologs. These results suggest promissory anti‐inflammatory hop metabolites.
Heterogeneous Microfluidic Reactors: A Review and an Insight of Enzymatic Reactions
Authors: Ling Fiona W. M. , Abdulbari Hayder A. , Chin Sim Yee
Published: March 2022

Heterogeneous reactions are considered the heart of chemical synthesis with numerous industrial applications due to their high conversion rates and low reaction time. On the other hand, the performance of heterogeneous reactions suffers from several drawbacks such as lower product selectivity and high mass transfer resistance that, in many cases, reduce the reaction rate. The efficiency of various conventional mixing techniques in heterogeneous reactors is believed to play a critical role in controlling the product quality and mass transfer rates besides other essential factors. Microfluidics technology provides a unique opportunity to revisit many established heterogeneous reaction processes to optimize and understand the reaction mechanisms. The unique flow conditions in microflow systems provide an excellent platform for exploring the effect of high‐precision micromixing techniques on reaction rates and productivities. Recent advances in microreactor technology in general and specifically heterogeneous reactions in microflow systems with an insight on the enzymatic reactions in microreactors are reviewed.
Rates and impact of vascular complications in mechanical circulatory support
Authors: Lemor Alejandro , Dabbagh Mohammed F. , Cohen David , Villablanca Pedro , Tehrani Behnam , Alaswad Khaldoon , Alqarqaz Mohammad , Lasorda David , Kaki Amir , Genereux Philippe , O'Neill William , Basir Mir B.
Published: March 2022

Background

Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices are increasingly used for hemodynamic support in cardiogenic shock or high‐risk percutaneous coronary interventions. Vascular complications remain a major source of morbidity and mortality despite technological advances with percutaneous techniques. Little is known about the rates and predictors of vascular complications with large‐bore access MCS in the contemporary era.

Methods

The study cohort was derived from National Inpatient Sample using data from 2015 to 2019 for cardiac hospitalizations with the use of: intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) Impella, and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The rates of vascular complications and in‐hospital outcomes were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Of 221,700 hospitalizations with MCS use, the majority had only IABP (68%). The rates of vascular complications were greatest with ECMO (15.8%) when compared with IABP (3.0%) and Impella (5.6%). Among patients with vascular complications, in‐hospital mortality was higher with ECMO (56.3%) when compared with IABP (26.2%) and Impella (33.8%). Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was the strongest predictor of vascular complications, with 10 times higher odds when present (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 10.96, p < 0.001). In risk‐adjusted models, when compared with IABP, the use of Impella (aOR: 1.73, p < 0.001), ECMO (aOR: 5.35, p < 0.001), or a combination of MCS devices (aOR: 3.47, p < 0.001) was associated with higher odds of vascular complications.

Conclusions

In contemporary practice, the use of MCS is associated with significant vascular complications and in‐hospital mortality. Predictors of vascular complications include larger arteriotomy size, female gender, and peripheral arterial disease. Vascular access management remains essential to prevent major complications.
A delayed diagnosis of congenital midline cervical cleft
Authors: Salawu Adedayo Idris , Aremu Shuaib Kayode , Olakunle Babalola Fatai , Olajide Toye Gabriel , Okunlola Abiodun Idowu , Samuel Ogidi Adetolu , Adewoye Kayode Rasaq , Achebe Chijioke Cosmas
Published: March 2022

Congenital midline cervical cleft (CMCC) is an extremely rare anomaly of the neck that typically presents in the neonatal period as a thin suprasternal vertical band of erythematous skin with a nipple‐like projection. We present the management of this uncommon and rarely described entity in a 9‐year‐old girl.
From Deep Eutectic Solvents to Nitrogen‐rich Ordered Mesoporous Carbons: A Powerful Host for the Immobilization of Palladium Nanoparticles in the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Zahra Alizadeh Seyedeh , Karimi Babak , Vali Hojatollah
Published: March 2022

The preparation of a nitrogen‐rich ordered mesoporous carbon (DNOMC) with three‐dimensional cubic structure was established via carbonization of a green, inexpensive and safe deep eutectic solvent consisting of choline chloride salt and D‐glucose in the presence of KIT‐6 template for the first time. The materials were characterized by TEM, N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, XPS, TGA, CHN, and FT‐IR. The DNOMC was shown to be a powerful support for the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles. The Pd@DNOMC catalyst exhibited high activity in the selective aerobic oxidation of various activated and non‐activated primary and secondary benzylic as well as linear and cyclic aliphatic alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids and ketones in pure water under molecular oxygen. The catalyst system could successfully be reused at least ten times without any significant decrease in either activity or selectivity. It is worth noting that, the hot filtration strongly showed that the catalyst works in a boomerang‐type catalyst pathway.
Chemoselective Oxidation of Glycerol over Platinum‐Based Catalysts: Toward the Role of Oxide Promoter
Authors: Yang Dan , Liu Xuan , Song Fei , Dai Yihu , Wan Xiaoyue , Zhou Chunmei , Yang Yanhui
Published: March 2022

The metal oxide promoters remarkably enhance the catalytic activity of supported Pt catalysts in the glycerol oxidation toward glyceric acid, whereas the primary factor that metal oxide promotes the reaction, as well as the kinetics relevant step remain indistinct. Herein, manganese dioxide (MnO2) is chosen as a model to uncover the role of promoter in the glycerol oxidation over Pt‐based catalyst in alkali‐free solution. The results prove that the superior catalytic performance is mainly attributed to the increased synergistic interaction between Pt particles and the metal oxides to boost the activation of oxygen (not glycerol), while the increased dispersion shows slight effect. Furthermore, the detailed kinetic studies reveal that MnO2 is prone to accelerate the awkward step of glyceraldehyde to glyceric acid, and the lattice oxygen of MnO2 also involves in this particular step.
Polymer Acceptors for High‐Performance All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Ma Suxiang , Zhang Hao , Feng Kui , Guo Xugang
Published: March 2022

All‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their pronounced advantages of excellent mechanical flexibility/stretchability and greatly enhanced device stability as compared to other types of organic solar cells (OSCs). Thanks to the extensive research efforts dedicated to the development of polymer acceptors, all‐PSCs have achieved remarkable improvement of photovoltaic performance, recently. This review summarizes the recent progress of polymer acceptors based on the key electron‐deficient building blocks, which include bithiophene imide (BTI) derivatives, boron‐nitrogen coordination bond (B←N)‐incorporated (hetero)arenes, cyano‐functionalized (hetero)arenes, and fused‐ring electron acceptors (FREAs). In addition, single‐component‐based all‐PSCs are also briefly discussed. The structure‐property correlations of polymer acceptors are elaborated in detail. Finally, we offer our insights into the development of new electron‐deficient building blocks with further optimized properties and the polymers built from them for efficient all‐PSCs.
On the Existence and Role of Formaldehyde During Aqueous Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Monoxide to Methanol by Cobalt Phthalocyanine
Authors: Boutin Etienne , Salamé Aude , Merakeb Lydia , Chatterjee Tamal , Robert Marc
Published: March 2022

A long‐time challenge in aqueous CO2 electrochemical reduction is to catalyze the formation of products beyond carbon monoxide with selectivity. Formaldehyde is the simplest of these products and one of the most relevant due to its broad use in the industry. Paradoxically it is one of the less reported product. Such scarcity may be in part explained by difficult identification and quantification using conventional chromatography or proton nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Likewise, indirect detection methods are usually not compatible with labelled studies for asserting product origin. Recently, the possible production of formaldehyde during electrochemical reduction of carbon monoxide to methanol at cobalt phthalocyanine molecular catalyst in basic media has been the object of contradictory reports. By applying an analytical procedure based on proton NMR along with labelled studies, we provide definitive evidence for HCHO formation. We have further identified the possible scenarios for methanol formation through formaldehyde and revealed that the formation of the intermediate and its subsequent reduction are taking place at the same single active site. These studies open a new perspective to improve selectivity toward formaldehyde formation and to develop a subsequent chemistry based on reacting it with nucleophiles.
The impact of state fragility on FDI inflows: The moderating role of natural resources and democratic governance in the MENA region
Authors: Triki Dora , Dimitrova Anna , Valentino Alfredo
Published: March 2022

The main contribution of this study to international business research is to integrate state fragility as a multidimensional factor determining FDI inflows. After considering 17 countries in the MENA region for the period between 2002 and 2018, our results reveal that state fragility has a negative impact on inward FDI. However, this negative relationship turns out to be moderated by natural resource endowment and democratic governance. While lower levels of democratic governance strengthen the negative impact of state fragility on FDI, it appears that, contrary to our expectations, higher levels of natural resource endowment accentuate this negative impact, thus providing evidence for the resource curse phenomenon.
Off‐pump versus on‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting for octogenarians: A meta‐analysis involving 146 372 patients
Authors: Sun Lifu , Zhou Meijing , Ji Yumeng , Wang Xufeng , Wang Xiaowei
Published: March 2022

There is an ongoing debate concerning the optimal surgical option of myocardial revascularization for octogenarians. The current meta‐analysis aimed to compare clinical outcomes following off‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) or conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CCABG) in octogenarians. PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched to identify eligible studies from inception to March 2021. The analysis was performed using STATA 15.1. A literature search yielded 18 retrospective studies involving 146 372 patients (OPCABG = 44 522 vs. CCABG = 101 850). Pooled analysis showed a strong trend toward reducing mortality risk in the OPCABG group (odds ratio: 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.56–1.00, p = .05). However, it did not reach statistical significance. The sensitive analysis demonstrated that OPCABG was less likely to cause death than CCABG. There were comparable data in myocardial infarction, renal failure, deep sternal wound infection, and hospital stays between the two groups, although the incidence of stroke, atrial fibrillation, prolonged ventilation, and reoperation for bleeding was significantly lower in the OPCAGB group. OPCABG may be an effective surgical strategy for myocardial revascularization, especially in reducing the incidence of postoperative stroke, atrial fibrillation, prolonged ventilation, and reoperation for bleeding.
Biomechanical characterization of the small intestine to simulate gastrointestinal tract chyme propulsion
Authors: Carvalho Mariana R. , Ferreira João P. S. , Oliveira Dulce A. , Parente Marco P. L. , Natal Jorge Renato M.
Published: March 2022

Regular intestinal motility is essential to guarantee complete digestive function. The coordinative action and integrity of the smooth muscle layers in the small intestine's wall are critical for mixing and propelling the luminal content. However, some patients present gastrointestinal limitations which may negatively impact the normal motility of the intestine. These patients have altered mechanical and muscle properties that likely impact chyme propulsion and may pose a daily scenario for long‐term complications. To better understand how mechanics affect chyme propulsion, the propulsive capability of the small intestine was examined during a peristaltic wave along the distal direction of the tract. It was assumed that such a wave works as an activation signal, inducing peristaltic contractions in a transversely isotropic hyperelastic model. In this work, the effect on the propulsion mechanics, from an impairment on the muscle contractile ability, typical from patients with systemic sclerosis, and the presence of sores resultant from ulcers was evaluated. The passive properties of the constitutive model were obtained from uniaxial tensile tests from a porcine small intestine, along with both longitudinal and circumferential directions. Our experiments show decreased stiffness in the circumferential direction. Our simulations show decreased propulsion forces in patients in systemic sclerosis and ulcer patients. As these patients may likely need medical intervention, establishing action concerning the impaired propulsion can help to ease the evaluation and treatment of future complications.
Balancing conduction velocity error in cardiac electrophysiology using a modified quadrature approach
Authors: Woodworth Lucas A. , Cansız Barış , Kaliske Michael
Published: March 2022

Conduction velocity error is often the main culprit behind the need for very fine spatial discretizations and high computational effort in cardiac electrophysiology problems. In light of this, a novel approach for simulating an accurate conduction velocity in coarse meshes with linear elements is suggested based on a modified quadrature approach. In this approach, the quadrature points are placed at arbitrary offsets of the isoparametric coordinates. A numerical study illustrates the dependence of the conduction velocity on the spatial discretization and the conductivity when using different quadrature rules and calculation approaches. Additionally, examples using the modified quadrature in coarse meshes for wave propagation demonstrate the improved accuracy of the conduction velocity with this method. This novel approach possesses great potential in reducing the computational effort required but remains limited to specific linear elements and experiences a reduction in accuracy for irregular meshes and heterogeneous conductivities. Further research can focus on developing an adaptive quadrature and extending the approach to other element formulations in order to make the approach more generally applicable.
Colored scheduling scheme for fast and reliable beacon safety messages broadcast in vehicular ad‐hoc networks
Authors: Benaidja Amira
Published: March 2022

The beacon transmission method in vehicular networks has to consider the mobility feature of vehicles and use the wireless channel more efficiently in order to broadcast safety‐related beacons with high reliability while respecting strict deadlines. The time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme has been proposed to improve the effectiveness of the IEEE 802.11p CSMA MAC protocol, but it is challenged with access and merging collisions caused by inefficient strategies in allocating time slots and mobile hidden terminal problems. In this paper, we propose colored velocity‐based TDMA (CVTDMA), an original colored scheduling scheme for the broadcast of safety beacons on the control channel. Based on vehicles speed and colors that it assigns to time slots according to their occupation statuses, it mitigates the mobility effect and maximizes the reuse of slots while avoiding collisions. The simulation results show that our protocol uses the wireless channel much more effectively than the default one defined in IEEE 802.11p.
Online monitoring of financial capacity in older adults: Feasibility and initial findings
Authors: Wild Katherine , Marcoe Jennifer , Mattek Nora , Sharma Nicole , Loewy Elizabeth , Tischler Howard , Kaye Jeffrey , Karlawish Jason
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Impairment in financial capacity places older adults at risk of fraud or abuse and can be a harbinger of loss of independence. Online automated monitoring of financial transactions offers an objective, unobtrusive, and continuous data collection strategy to minimize risk and to detect early changes in an important complex activity of daily living.

Methods

Ninety‐three participants used an online financial activity monitoring platform that extracted metrics related to use and potential departures from established patterns of financial behavior. Standard neuropsychological assessments and a performance‐based measure of financial capacity at baseline were compared using continuous monitoring metrics.

Results

Participants demonstrated a willingness to engage with an online financial activity monitoring system. Online metrics were not associated with performance in specific cognitive domains. Performance on an established test of financial capacity was negatively correlated with a ratio of alerts to transactions, that is, a higher likelihood of errors or deviations from previous activity.

Discussion

To our knowledge, this is the first reported study using secure online technology to link ongoing unobtrusively collected financial activity monitoring data with other objective measures of function and cognition in a cohort of independent living older adults.
Benzoxazolone‐arylpiperazinyl scaffold‐based PET ligand for 5‐HT7: Synthesis and biological evaluation
Authors: Kumari Neelam , Adhikari Anupriya , Singh Deepika , Bhagat Sunita , Ojha Himanshu , Tiwari Anjani K.
Published: March 2022

Efforts are underway to improve the diagnosis and treatment for neurological disorders like depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. The G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) 5‐HT7  receptor, the most recently identified member of 5‐HT receptor family dysregulation has an association with various central nervous system (CNS) disorders and its ligands have an edge as potential therapeutics. Here, we report the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of diversely substituted methoxy derivatives of 2‐benzoxazolone arylpiperazine for targeting 5‐HT7 receptors. Out of all derivatives, only C‐2 substituted derivative, 3‐(4‐(4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)piperazin‐1‐yl)butyl)benzoxazol‐2(3H)‐one/ABO demonstrate a high affinity for human 5‐HT7 receptors. [11C]ABO was obtained by O‐methylation of desmethyl‐precursor using [11C]CH3OTf in the presence of NaOH giving a high radiochemical yield of 25 ± 12% (decay‐corrected, n = 7) with stability up to 1.5 h postradiolabeling. In vitro autoradiography displays binding of [11C]ABO in accordance with 5‐HT7 distribution with a decrease of approximately 80% and 40% activity in the hippocampus and cerebellum brain region when administered with 10 µM cold ligand. Prefatory positron emission tomography scan results in Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rat brain revealed fast and high radioactivity build‐up in 5‐HT7 receptor‐rich regions, namely, the hippocampus (2.75 ± 0.16 SUV) and the cerebral cortex (2.27 ± 0.02 SUV) establishing selective targeting of [11C]ABO. In summary, these pieces of data designate [11C]ABO as a promising 5‐HT7 receptor ligand that can have possible roles in clinics after its further optimization on different animal models.
Create Rich Oxygen Defects of Unique Tubular Hierarchical Molybdenum Dioxide to Modulate Electron Transfer Rate for Superior High‐Energy Metal‐Ion Hybrid Capacitor
Authors: Zhang Heng , Wu Jinggao , Zou Zhuo , Bai Youcun , Wu Chao , Zeng Qingxin , Liu Feng , Shen Wei , Jiang Jian , Li Chang Ming
Published: March 2022

Metal‐ion capacitors could merit advantages from both batteries and capacitors, but they need to overcome the severe restrictions from their sluggish reaction kinetics of the battery type electrode and low specific capacitance of capacitor type electrode for both high energy and power density. Herein, we use the Kirkendall effect for the first time to synthesize unique tubular hierarchical molybdenum dioxide with encapsulated nitrogen‐doped carbon sheets while in situ realizing phosphorus‐doping to create rich oxygen vacancies (P‐MoO2‐x@NP‐C) as a sodium‐ion electrode. Experimental and theoretical analysis confirm that the P‐doping introduced oxygen defects can partially convert the high‐bond‐energy Mo–O to low‐bond‐energy Mo–P, resulting in a low oxidation state of molybdenum for enhanced surface reactivity and rapid reaction kinetics. The as‐prepared P‐MoO2‐x@NP‐C as an ion‐battery electrode is further used to pair active N‐doped carbon nanosheet (N‐C‐A) electrode for Na‐ion hybrid capacitor, delivering excellent performance with an energy density of 140.3 Wh kg−1, a power density of 188.5 W kg−1 and long stable life in non‐aqueous solution, which ranks the best among all reported MoOx‐based hybrid capacitors. P‐MoO2‐x@NP‐C is also used to fabricate a zinc‐ion hybrid capacitor, also accomplishing a remarkable energy density of 43.8 Wh kg−1, a power density of 93.9 W kg−1, and a long stable life@2A g−1 of 32 000 cycles in aqueous solutions, solidly verifying its universal significance. This work not only demonstrates an innovative approach to synthesize high‐performance metal ion hybrid capacitor materials but also reveals certain scientific insights into electron transfer enhancement mechanisms.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/Annulation of Aryl Hydroxamates with Benzothiadiazol‐Containing Acetylenes: Access to Isoquinoline‐Bridged Donor‐Acceptor Luminophores
Authors: Gribanov Pavel S. , Vorobyeva Daria V. , Tokarev Sergey D. , Petropavlovskikh Dmitry A. , Loginov Dmitry A. , Nefedov Sergey E. , Dolgushin Fedor M. , Osipov Sergey N.
Published: March 2022

An efficient strategy for the preparation of a novel series of benzothiadiazole‐containing isoquinoline‐bridged D‐A compounds based on Cp*Rh(III)‐catalyzed redox‐neutral annulation ofN‐(pivaloyloxy)‐benzamides with 4‐ethynyl‐7‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole as a key step followed by the installation of donor units, such as diphenylamine, carbazole, and dihydrodibenzoazepine, by aromatization and Suzuki coupling reactions, has been developed. An initial photophysical, electrochemical and DFT investigations of the selected products have been performed.
Consumption of whole grains and risk of type 2 diabetes: A comprehensive systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Ghanbari‐Gohari Faezeh , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to quantitatively summarize earlier findings on the association between whole grain (WG) intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. We searched related keywords on PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to October 2021. Prospective observational studies investigating the association between WG intake and risk of T2D were included. The random‐effects model calculates the summary relative risks by contrasting categories and linear and nonlinear dose–response associations. Eleven prospective cohort studies, including 463,282 participants and 37,249 type 2 diabetes incidents, were analyzed. The pooled relative risk (RR) for the highest versus the lowest WG intake category indicated a 21% decrease in T2D risk (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73–0.85, I2 = 77%). Each additional 50 grams WG consumption per day was associated with a 23% reduced risk of T2D. The nonlinear association of WG and T2D revealed that 60 grams WG intake per day would give the highest benefit to prevent T2D (Pnonlinearity < 0.001). The findings were not affected by any individual study. No evidence of publication bias was documented. In conclusion, a high intake of WG was associated with a lower risk of T2D. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm our results.
Cerebrospinal fluid of progressive multiple sclerosis patients reduces differentiation and immune functions of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
Authors: Zveik Omri , Fainstein Nina , Rechtman Ariel , Haham Nitzan , Ganz Tal , Lavon Iris , Brill Livnat , Vaknin‐Dembinsky Adi
Published: March 2022

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are responsible for remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) in health and disease. For patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), remyelination is not always successful, and the mechanisms differentiating successful from failed remyelination are not well‐known. Growing evidence suggests an immune role for OPCs, in addition to their regenerative role; however, it is not clear if this helps or hinders the regenerative process. We studied the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from relapsing MS (rMS) and progressive MS (pMS) patients on primary OPC differentiation and immune gene expression and function. We observed that CSF from either rMS or pMS patients has a differential effect on the ability of mice OPCs to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and to express immune functions. CSF of pMS patients impaired differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. In addition, it led to decreased major histocompatibility complex class (MHC)‐II expression, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α secretion, nuclear factor kappa‐B (NFκB) activation, and less activation and proliferation of T cells. Our findings suggest that OPCs are not only responsible for remyelination, but they may also play an active role as innate immune cells in the CNS.
Monofractal analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging: An introductory review
Authors: Campbell Olivia Lauren , Weber Alexander Mark
Published: March 2022

The following review will aid readers in providing an overview of scale‐free dynamics and monofractal analysis, as well as its applications and potential in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neuroscience and clinical research. Like natural phenomena such as the growth of a tree or crashing ocean waves, the brain expresses scale‐invariant, or fractal, patterns in neural signals that can be measured. While neural phenomena may represent both monofractal and multifractal processes and can be quantified with many different interrelated parameters, this review will focus on monofractal analysis using the Hurst exponent (H). Monofractal analysis of fMRI data is an advanced analysis technique that measures the complexity of brain signaling by quantifying its degree of scale‐invariance. As such, the H value of the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signal specifies how the degree of correlation in the signal may mediate brain functions. This review presents a brief overview of the theory of fMRI monofractal analysis followed by notable findings in the field. Through highlighting the advantages and challenges of the technique, the article provides insight into how to best conduct fMRI fractal analysis and properly interpret the findings with physiological relevance. Furthermore, we identify the future directions necessary for its progression towards impactful functional neuroscience discoveries and widespread clinical use. Ultimately, this presenting review aims to build a foundation of knowledge among readers to facilitate greater understanding, discussion, and use of this unique yet powerful imaging analysis technique.
Healthy sleep for healthy schools: A pilot study of a sleep education resource to improve adolescent sleep
Authors: Davis Jessica , Blunden Sarah , BoydPratt Jasmine , Corkum Penny , Gebert Kirsty , Trenorden Kylie , Rigney Gabrielle
Published: March 2022

Issue addressed

Insufficient sleep and unhealthy sleep practices in adolescents are associated with significant health risks. Sleep education programs in schools aim to improve sleep behaviour. A new eLearning sleep education program, Healthy Sleep for Healthy Schools (HS4HS), was developed focused on these goals and is distinguishable from other sleep education programs because it is delivered by teachers, making it more sustainable and adaptable for schools. We aimed to evaluate if HS4HS would improve student sleep knowledge, healthy sleep practices, sleep duration and reduce sleepiness. We also aimed to understand if this intervention could be successfully implemented by trained teachers.

Methods

Teachers trained in sleep delivered HS4HS to 64 South Australian students in year 9 (aged 13‐14 years) over 6 weeks during regular school curriculum. A sleep education survey assessing sleep patterns (such as healthy sleep practices, time in bed and sleepiness), and a sleep knowledge questionnaire was completed pre‐ and post‐HS4HS delivery. Evaluations were also completed by teachers.

Results

Sleep knowledge and healthy sleep practices significantly improved post intervention. Time in bed on both school days and weekends increased slightly and sleepiness decreased slightly, but these changes were not statistically significant. Teachers found the program useful, comprehensive and easy to incorporate into their curricula.

Conclusions

After short training, teachers can deliver sleep education during class and improve sleep practices in their students. This suggests that this program may offer potential as an effective and useful resource for teachers wanting to include sleep health in their curriculum.

So what?

Sleep is the foundation of good health and teachers can promote and integrate sleep education into their curricula for the first time with this online teacher focussed program, which has the potential to be a sustainable sleep health promotion resource.
Reversible sensory neuropathy in mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency
Authors: Grünert Sarah Catharina , Eckenweiler Matthias , Spiekerkoetter Ute
Published: March 2022

Axonal peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficiency and long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency that is usually considered progressive. Current treatment strategies are not able to fully prevent neuropathic symptoms in the majority of patients. We herein report three sisters with genetically proven MTP deficiency who were untreated until adolescence, when electrophysiological studies first revealed isolated axonal sensory neuropathy. Apart from mild exercise intolerance and missing deep tendon reflexes of the lower extremities, all three girls were clinically asymptomatic. A fat‐reduced and fat‐modified diet together with a reduction of the nocturnal fasting time resulted in complete normalisation of the electrophysiological studies after 1 year of dietary treatment. Our findings suggest that neuropathy might be responsive to dietary interventions in MTP patients at a very early stage of disease.
Segmentation of global climate dataset into contiguous spatial units having quantitatively homogeneous climates
Authors: Netzel Pawel , Stepinski Tomasz F.
Published: March 2022

Discretization of global climate simplifies the spatial variability of climates. The Köppen–Geiger classification (KGC), and more recently, clustering of global climate grids, discretize the landmass into several zones corresponding to qualitatively distinct climate types. However, quantitatively, in terms of local climatograms, such zones have significant climatic variability. In this paper, we propose a segmentation of the global climatic grid as a means to delineate contiguous segments—spatial units characterized by quantitatively homogeneous climates. The level of segments' climatic homogeneity is controlled by a single parameter δ whose value determines a maximum allowable level of segments' inhomogeneity. Segmentation is implemented using a graph‐based segmentation algorithm customized to the climatic data. Application of segmentation with three different values of δ is demonstrated on the WorldClim 1.4 2.5 arc minutes resolution data. Major uses for climate segmentation are: (a) precise delineation of highly homogeneous, local climatic units, (b) checking to what degree delineation of vegetation zones can be based on climate alone, and (c) data compression of large climatic grids. The first use is demonstrated using the island of Great Britain as an example. The second use is demonstrated by the juxtaposition of KGC zones with segments. We discuss the third use in the context of using segmentation as a pre‐processing to climate clustering.
Development and initial validation of a novel thread design for nonlocking cancellous screws
Authors: Feng Xiaoreng , Zhang Sheng , Luo Zhaopei , Liang Hongfeng , Chen Bin , Leung Frankie
Published: March 2022

High failure rates have been associated with nonlocking cancellous screws with a typical buttress thread in patients with osteoporotic bone. This study aimed to develop a novel thread design and compare its fixation stability with that of a typical buttress thread. Nonlocking cancellous screws with a novel thread design (proximal flank angle of 120 degrees, a flat crest feature, a tip‐facing undercut feature) and nonlocking cancellous screws with a typical buttress thread were manufactured using stainless steel. Fixation stabilities were evaluated individually by the axial pullout and lateral migration tests, and they were evaluated in pairs together with a dynamic compression plate in an osteoporotic bone substitute (10 PCF polyurethane foam per ASTM F1839) under cyclic craniocaudal and torsional loadings. Pullout strength and lateral migration resistance for the individual screw test and the force, torque, and number of cycles required to achieve specific displacement and torsion for the multi‐screw test were comparatively analyzed between both screw types. A finite element analysis model was constructed to analyze the stress distributions in the bone tissue adjacent to the threads. The biomechanical test revealed the novel undercut thread had superior axial pullout strength, lateral migration resistance, and superior fixation stability when applied to a dynamic compression plate under cyclic craniocaudal loading and torsional loading than those in the typical buttress thread. The finite element analysis simulation revealed that the novel thread can distribute stress more evenly without high‐stress concentration at the adjacent bone tissue when compared to that of a typical buttress thread.
RNA‐Seq analysis reveals sex‐dependent transcriptomic profiles of human subacromial bursa stratified by tear etiology
Authors: Rai Muhammad Farooq , Cai Lei , Tycksen Eric D. , Chamberlain Aaron , Keener Jay
Published: March 2022

Rotator cuff tendinopathy, a major cause of shoulder disability, occurs due to trauma or degeneration. Our molecular understanding of traumatic and degenerative tears remains elusive. Here, we probed transcript level differences between traumatic and degenerative tears. Subacromial bursa tissues were collected from patients with traumatic or degenerative tears during arthroscopy (N = 32). Transcripts differentially expressed by tear etiology were detected by RNA‐seq. RNA‐seq results were validated by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We identified 334 protein‐coding transcripts differentially expressed between traumatic and degenerative tears in females and 167 in males at a fold‐change greater than 2. In females, XIRP2, MYL1, MYBPC1, TNNT1, and LMOD2, were highly expressed in traumatic tears whereas TPSD1, CDSN, RCVRN, LTBP4, and PTGS1 were elevated in degen tears. Transcripts elevated in traumatic tears represented muscle cell differentiation and development, and muscle contraction whereas those elevated in degenerative tears represented cell activation and immune response. In males, AZGP1, CNTFR, COL9A1, ZNF98, and EREG were highly elevated in traumatic tears whereas MYL2, HOXD11, SLC6A7, CADM1, and MMP17 were highly expressed in degenerative tears. Transcripts elevated in traumatic tears represented metabolic/catabolic processes, and transmembrane protein transport while processes related to cell cycle were mainly enriched in degenerative tears. Numerous long noncoding RNAs were differentially expressed between traumatic and degenerative tears in both sexes. In summary, this study provides insights into molecular biology of bursa in patients with rotator cuff tendon disease based on tear acuity and novel sex‐based transcript differences that could inform clinical decision making in treating patients with traumatic or degenerative shoulder injuries.
Contributions of the ischiofemoral ligament, iliofemoral ligament, and conjoined tendon to hip stability after total hip arthroplasty: A cadaveric study
Authors: Tamaki Yasuaki , Goto Tomohiro , Iwase Joji , Wada Keizo , Hamada Daisuke , Tsuruo Yoshihiro , Sairyo Koichi
Published: March 2022

An adequate soft tissue balance is important in total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study assessed the contribution of the iliofemoral ligament, ischiofemoral ligament, and conjoined tendon to the range of hip rotation after THA and hip stability in response to axial traction. THA was performed in eight fresh‐frozen cadaveric specimens via an anterolateral approach using a navigation system. The ischiofemoral ligament, the medial arm of the iliofemoral ligament, and the conjoined tendon were resected in that order. The ranges of external and internal rotation and the amount of movement of the femoral head in response to axial traction were measured with the hip in 10° of extension, the neutral position, and in 10°, 30°, and 60° of flexion. Resection of the medial arm of the iliofemoral ligament significantly increased the range of external rotation in 10° of extension, the neutral position, and in 10°, 30°, and 60° of flexion. The conjoined tendon was the most important inhibitor of internal rotation from 10° of extension to 30° of flexion. Although each single element had a minor role in stabilizing the hip when axial traction was applied, resection of two or more elements significantly affected joint stability. The iliofemoral ligament and conjoined tendon are the main inhibitors of external rotation and internal rotation, respectively, when THA is performed using an anterior or anterolateral approach. Resection of two or more elements could greatly affect hip stability when axial traction is applied.
Asynchronous variations of East Asian summer monsoon, vegetation and soil formation at Yulin (North China) in the Holocene
Authors: LIANG CHENGHONG , LU HUAYU , GU YAO , ZHAO CHENG , LIU WEIGUO , ZHANG XIAOJIAN , ZHANG HONGYAN
Published: March 2022

In the East Asian monsoon region, Chinese speleothem δ18O records exhibit a maximum monsoon strength during the early Holocene. However, other proxy data from lakes or loess, interpreted as monsoon rainfall, show a mid‐Holocene monsoon optimum. This discrepancy may come from specific climate interpretation of different proxies. Here we report multiproxy records from a single loess–palaeosol sequence at Yulin in the monsoon marginal northern China, based on an independent and high‐precision chronology. Our long‐chain n‐alkane δD values, together with related biomarker proxies including the average chain length and concentration of long‐chain n‐alkanes, reveal a weakening trend in monsoon strength and less woody vegetation since ~6 ka. However, other soil formation‐related proxies, such as magnetic susceptibility, grain‐size distribution and total organic carbon, show a decreasing trend since 4–3 ka. We find that monsoon and vegetation are controlled by insolation variation, while soil formation is more related to temperature and humidity changes. Our multiple proxy comparison reveals different controlling mechanisms leading to different interpretations in monsoon, vegetation and soil formation reconstructions. This finding suggests that previous debates on Holocene monsoon changes in East Asia probably stem from the specific proxy interpretation.