bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid photothermal–photocatalyst sheets for solar-driven overall water splitting coupled to water purification
Authors: Pornrungroj Chanon , Mohamad Annuar Ariffin Bin , Wang Qian , Rahaman Motiar , Bhattacharjee Subhajit , Andrei Virgil , Reisner Erwin
Published: November 2023

Photocatalytic water splitting converts sunlight directly into storable hydrogen, but commonly involves the use of pure water and land for plant installation while generating unusable waste heat. Here we report a hybrid device consisting of a photocatalyst (PC) and a solar vapour generator (SVG) for simultaneous overall water splitting and water purification from open water sources. Specifically, an ultraviolet light-absorbing RhCrOx–Al:SrTiO3 PC is deposited on top of a floating, visible and infrared light-absorbing porous carbon SVG, which produces green fuel with a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 0.13 ± 0.03% and 0.95 kg m−2 h−1 of water vapour as the feed for the PC and collectable purified water. This integrated system maintains operational stability in seawater and other aqueous waste streams for over 154 h due to the isolation of the PC from contaminants in the liquid feedstock. This work provides a new concept for developing an off-grid energy production/storage solution and is a first step towards alleviating both energy and water supply challenges.
Overview of Bioplastics
Authors: Grewell D.
Published: November 2023

As noted in Chapter 1, bioplastics are in general plastics that are derived at least in part from biomass. There are bioplastics that are fully bio-based as well as bioplastics that are only partially bio-based. Bioplastics can be synthesized from monomers that are derived from microbial activity and other bio-based feedstocks, such as fermentation, to produce monomers or be directly produced by microbial activities. In addition, it is possible to use natural polymers, such as starch and proteins, to produce plastics. While many have a misconception that bioplastics can be readily degraded in nature, many bioplastics are not degradable nor compostable. This chapter will review these bioplastics in general and additional details will be provided in other chapters.
Bio-based Polyesters
Authors: Grewell D. , Sun Tianyi , Tosukhowong Thidarat , Randall Jed , Morse Molly
Published: November 2023

Polyesters are polymerized esters which are typically produced through a reaction between an acid and alcohol. Over the last decade the production of other polyesters from sugar feedstocks has grown. For example, polylactic acid is produced from corn starch which is hydrolyzed into sugars which are then fermented into lactic acid. Depending on the available feedstocks, it is also possible to use sugar from sugar cane. The lactic acid is then polymerized into polylactic acid. A variety of structures can be produced with various diacids and diols. These polyesters come in a wide range of grades but tend to be relatively easy to degrade depending on the environmental conditions. In other schemes, such as the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates, sugar is converted directly into the polymer through metabolic pathways within microorganisms. This chapter reviews a select number of bio-based polyesters including their properties, production, and applications.
Bio-based Polymers and Resins in Paints and Coatings
Authors: Webster Dean C.
Published: November 2023

Paints and coatings have been used for millennia for decoration and protection of materials. Prior to the advent of the petrochemical industry, binders for paints and coatings were of necessity based on naturally occurring materials such as shellac, oriental lacquers, and vegetable oils. As petrochemicals became available, resins based on vegetable oils such as varnishes and alkyd resins were introduced. Cellulosic materials could also be made that served well as coating materials. While petrochemical resin systems were introduced and quickly grew to supplant many of the bio-based resin systems, today, due to rising interest in sustainability, there is renewed interest in making use of bio-based materials in new types of resin chemistries. Vegetable oils and fatty acids are being transformed into new types of resin structures to yield systems having properties useful for today’s demanding applications. There is also significant activity in deriving new polymer building blocks from lignocellulose biomass having chemical structures, and therefore properties, that cannot be obtained from petrochemicals.
End-of-life of Plastics/Bioplastics
Authors: Mulchandani Neha , Narayan Ramani
Published: November 2023

Plastics comprise a wide range of synthetic materials that have gained global acceptance in nearly all sectors. Fossil-based plastics that contain carbon–carbon backbones constitute the largest share of the commercial market. This in turn leads to the generation of enormous amounts of plastic waste inhabiting the landfills and environment after their service life. The discarded waste plastics have significantly affected marine and terrestrial life, thereby leading to an increased environmental upheaval. This necessitates the development of a sustainable framework towards managing the waste plastic. In this regard, the current chapter underlines strategies that may be adopted for recycling and repurposing waste plastic by adopting the concept of circular economy. The role of biodegradability and compostability for managing end-of-life of disposable, non-durable packaging plastics is reviewed in depth and bio-based plastics are explained and differentiated from biodegradability and compostability.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of thiram and ciprofloxacin using chitosan–silver coated paper substrates
Authors: Martins Natércia C. T. , Fateixa Sara , Nogueira Helena I. S. , Trindade Tito
Published: November 2023

Contaminants of emerging concern present in water can be monitored using Ag/chitosan paper-based SERS substrates.
Ionophore-modified polyaniline-based optode for the determination of hydrogen sulfite levels in beverages, wastewater, and soil
Authors: Algethami Faisal K. , Koraim Basant H. , Abdelrahman Ehab A. , El-Reash Yasmeen G. Abou , Rizk Mahmoud S. , Abdel-Haleem Fatehy M.
Published: November 2023

Sulfite is a very important species, affecting human health, plant and animal life, and environmental sustainability.
SERS combined with QuEChERS using NBC and Fe3O4 MNPs as cleanup agents to rapidly and reliably detect chlorpyrifos pesticide in citrus
Authors: Wang Xu , Ai Shirong , Xiong Aihua , Zhou Weiqi , He Liang , Teng Jie , Geng Xiang , Wu Ruimei
Published: November 2023

This study showed that the combination of SERS and QuEChERS preprocessing methods could achieve rapid detection of chlorpyrifos pesticide residues in citrus.
A novel copper-based nanozyme: fabrication and application for colorimetric detection of resveratrol
Authors: Li Wanxin , Sun Jiaxin , Xin Yao , Han Yu , Sun Yanyang , Li Aijun , Wang Zhi
Published: November 2023

A novel nanozyme (urea@Cu-NF) was synthesized by self-assembly of urea and copper phosphate with urea as plasticizer.
Solvation rules: aromatic interactions outcompete cation–π interactions in synthetic host–guest complexes in water
Authors: Tobajas-Curiel Gloria , Sun Qingqing , Sanders Jeremy K. M. , Ballester Pablo , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: November 2023

Chemical double mutant cycles were used to measure the interaction of a π-box in a calix[4]pyrrole receptor with a cationic N-methyl pyridinium group and with neutral isosteric analogues in water.
Hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone over hydrophobic Ru@HCP catalysts
Authors: Gong Xinbin , Feng Xiao , Cao Jieqi , Wang Yinwei , Zheng Xiaoxia , Yu Weiqiang , Wang Xinhong , Shi Song
Published: November 2023

This study introduces an efficient strategy for promoting the synthesis of γ-valerolactone (GVL) via levulinic acid (LA) hydrogenation.
C1 functionalization of imidazo heterocycles via carbon dioxide fixation
Authors: Fragkiadakis Michael , Anastasiou Paraskevi-Kleio , Volyrakis Ioannis , Pantousas Apostolos , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Neochoritis Constantinos G.
Published: November 2023

Access to N-heteroaryl 6-, 8- and 9-membered carbamates via carbon dioxide fixation.
Regulating the electronic structure of metal–organic frameworks via ion-exchanged Ir dispersion for robust overall water splitting
Authors: Zhou Shunfa , Liu Yuxuan , Shi Jiawei , Li Jing , Cai Weiwei
Published: November 2023

A facile ion exchange strategy to fabricate CoIrx–BDC with atomically dispersed Ir, which requires only 9 and 80 mV to deliver 10 and 100 mA cm−2 HER, respectively, and only 245 mV to reach 100 mA cm−2 OER.
Structural features that modulate the sharpness of the spin crossover transition in [FeIII(5-X-qsal)2]+ based salts
Authors: Vieira Bruno J. C. , Pereira Laura C. J. , da Gama Vasco , Waerenborgh João C.
Published: November 2023

In a series of compounds based on [Fe(5-X-qsal)2]+ the reinforcement of the interchain connectivity and the weakening of the interlayer interactions increase the sharpness of the spin crossover transition.
Defect properties and solution energies of dopants in NASICON-type LiGe2(PO4)3 solid electrolyte: a first-principles study
Authors: Das Anurup , Goswami Madhumita , Ghosh P. S.
Published: November 2023

Intrinsic defect formation, the solution energetics of various dopants (trivalent, tetravalent, alkali and alkali-earth) and their effect on the crystal structures of NASICON-type electrolyte LiGe2(PO4)3 are predicted using dispersion corrected density functional theory calculations.
Role of excited-state hydrogen bonding in CO2 photoreduction catalyzed by sodium magnesium chlorophyll
Authors: Zhang Naitian , Li Yuehui , Shang Wenzhe , Song Xuedan , Liu Wei , Hao Ce
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we report a joint experimental and computational study to elaborate the mechanism for the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR).
A graphene/Janus B2P6 heterostructure with a controllable Schottky barrier via interlayer distance and electric field
Authors: Xie Tian , Ma Xinguo , Guo Youyou , Yuan Gang , Liao JiaJun , Ma Nan , Huang Chuyun
Published: November 2023

The Schottky barrier height and the contact type of a graphene/B2P6 heterostructure can be controlled by adjusting the interlayer spacing or applying an electric field along the Z direction.
Tunable electronic band structure and magnetic anisotropy in two-dimensional Dirac half-metal MnBr3 by external stimulus: strain, magnetization direction, and interlayer coupling
Authors: Xie Fangyuan , Yin Zhengyu , Zhou Baozeng , Ding Yanhong
Published: November 2023

The electronic band structure and magnetic anisotropy in 2D Dirac half-metal MnBr3 can be modulated by external stimuli such as strain, magnetization direction, and interlayer coupling.
Transition metal dichalcogenide coated gold nanoshells for highly effective photothermal therapy
Authors: Bagheri Saeed , Farokhnezhad Mohsen , Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi
Published: November 2023

The amount of temperature rise increases with increasing numbers of TMD layers on gold nanoshells (GNSs) and the intensity of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peaks and their position can be easily tuned within biological windows.
Covalent crosslinking in gas-phase biomolecular ions. An account and perspective
Authors: Tureček František
Published: November 2023

Crosslinking in gas-phase ions, augmented by tandem mass spectrometry and Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics calculations, provides analysis of structure and intermolecular interactions in peptide–peptide, peptide–nucleotide, and peptide–ligand complexes.
Substituted tetrazoles with N-oxide moiety: critical assessment of thermochemical properties
Authors: Khakimov Dmitry V. , Fershtat Leonid L. , Pivina Tatyana S.
Published: November 2023

Thermochemical properties of high-nitrogen tetrazole N-oxide energetic salts were estimated.
Selective cycloaddition of ethylene oxide to CO2 within the confined space of an amino acid-based metal–organic framework
Authors: Bilanin Cristina , Escamilla Paula , Ferrando-Soria Jesús , Leyva-Pérez Antonio , Armentano Donatella , Pardo Emilio
Published: November 2023

We report a novel bio-friendly water-stable tridimensional MOF with application as a solid catalyst for the cycloaddition reaction of ethylene oxide.
The maca protein ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota and production of SCFAs
Authors: He Ping , Zhang Yizhe , Chen Ruyang , Tong Zhaoli , Zhang Mengmeng , Wu Hui
Published: November 2023

Maca protein ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota and production of SCFAs.
Total-reflection X-ray fluorescence determination of thorium and uranium in the presence of interfering elements in solid geological objects of natural and technogenic origin
Authors: Akhmetzhanov Timur F. , Cherkashina Tatiana Y. , Zhilicheva Alena N. , Chubarov Victor M. , Pashkova Galina V.
Published: November 2023

The insufficient spectral resolution of the energy-dispersive total-reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) complicates the U and Th Lα lines using for the quantitative determination of low concentrations of these elements in natural solid samples.
rGO nickel matrix composites with high ozone degradation efficiency under high humidity
Authors: Zhang Qian , Xiao Wenyan , Li Bangxin , Lin Yu , Huang Lingyu , Liao Jifei , Han Huiguo , Zhu Jie , Fu Yan
Published: November 2023

Low stability or deactivation of materials under high humidity limits the ozone removal achieved via catalytic degradation.
Polaron absorption in aligned conjugated polymer films: breakdown of adiabatic treatments and going beyond the conventional mid-gap state model
Authors: LeCroy Garrett , Ghosh Raja , Untilova Viktoriia , Guio Lorenzo , Stone Kevin H. , Brinkmann Martin , Luscombe Christine , Spano Frank C. , Salleo Alberto
Published: November 2023

This work resolves the inter- and intramolecular polarized absorption of polarons in the organic semiconductor P3HT, allowing previous theoretical predictions to be tested. Vibronic coupling is shown to be crucial in understanding polaron absorption.
PAL 2.0: a physics-driven bayesian optimization framework for material discovery
Authors: Priyadarshini Maitreyee Sharma , Romiluyi Oluwaseun , Wang Yiran , Miskin Kumar , Ganley Connor , Clancy Paulette
Published: November 2023

PAL 2.0 provides an efficient discovery tool for advanced functional materials, ameliorating a major bottleneck to enabling advances in next-generation energy, health, and sustainability technologies.
Recent advances in the synthesis of chromenone fused pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives
Authors: Bera Sonali , Maji Avishek , Patra Susanta , Mahanty Dibyendu Sekhar , Samanta Shubhankar , Samanta Swarna Kamal , Biswas Biplab , Patra Prasanta
Published: November 2023

This review, from 2016 to 2022, summarizes advances in the synthesis of 2- and 4-chromenones fused to the five-membered ring of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines in diverse orientations highlighting modes of ring construction by classical and transition metal-catalyzed methods.
Tailoring a sulfur doped carbon nitride skeleton to enhance the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity
Authors: Zhou Tianyu , Cui Feifan , Li Guijie , Sun Xiaozhong , Sun Dongshu , Liu Chunbo , Zhao Chun , Li Shangyu
Published: November 2023

A sulfur doped carbon nitride skeleton with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity is tailored via thermal-melting followed by thermal-copolymerization of urea and dithizone.
Synthesis, characterization and ε-caprolactone polymerization properties of ferrocenyl modified half-sandwich rare-earth metal complexes
Authors: Li Min , Zhong Yi , Luo Yunjie , Deng Meng
Published: November 2023

Salt metathesis of RECl3 with FcC5Me4Li followed by the addition of LiCH2C6H4NMe2-o in THF gave the ferrocenyl functionalized half-sandwich rare-earth metal bis(o-dimethylaminobenzyl) complexes (FcC5Me4)RE(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)2 (RE = Sc, Y, Lu) in good isolated yields.
Probing physical properties of single amyloid fibrils using nanofluidic channels
Authors: Sasanian Nima , Sharma Rajhans , Lubart Quentin , KK Sriram , Ghaeidamini Marziyeh , Dorfman Kevin D. , Esbjörner Elin K. , Westerlund Fredrik
Published: November 2023

A nanochannel-based method for single polymer persistence length analysis reveals differences in physical properties of amyloid fibrils and highlights in-sample variations.
Stretching of immersed polyelectrolyte brushes in shear flow
Authors: Qiao Yijun , He Qiming , Huang Hsin-Hsiang , Mastropietro Dean , Jiang Zhang , Zhou Hua , Liu Yuhong , Tirrell Matthew V. , Chen Wei
Published: November 2023

In situ X-ray reflectivity reveals how shear flow affects poly(styrene sulfonate) brush stretching, impacting chain configuration and applications in antifouling, corrosion protection, and stimuli-responsiveness.
Delivery of graphene oxide nanosheets modulates glutamate release and normalizes amygdala synaptic plasticity to improve anxiety-related behavior
Authors: Pati Elisa , Franceschi Biagioni Audrey , Casani Raffaele , Lozano Neus , Kostarelos Kostas , Cellot Giada , Ballerini Laura
Published: November 2023

Synaptic potentiation with increased dendritic spine density is a signature of fear memory consolidation in the lateral amygdala. Small graphene oxide reduces synaptic release and potentiation, preventing dendritic spine increase and fear behaviour.
Review of Bi-based catalysts in piezocatalytic, photocatalytic and piezo-photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Cheng Ying , Zhang Yubo , Wang Zhaobo , Guo Rui , You Junhua , Zhang Hangzhou
Published: November 2023

Piezo-photocatalysis, as an effective advanced oxidation process, has been widely carried out in water waste treatment, especially in the degradation of organic pollutants.
Unveiling autophagy and aging through time-resolved imaging of lysosomal polarity with a delayed fluorescent emitter
Authors: Das Subhadeep , Batra Abhilasha , Kundu Subhankar , Sharma Rati , Patra Abhijit
Published: November 2023

A TADF-emitter was employed to unveil the lysosomal polarity variations during interorganelle interactions and was demonstrated as an indicator to probe complex biological processes like aging through intracellular lifetime imaging.
Photoredox-catalyzed stereo- and regioselective vicinal fluorosulfonyl-borylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons
Authors: Li Heyin , Huang Mengjun , Zou Zhenlei , Wang Zhen , Li Yifan , Sun Chao , Chen Wangzhe , Pan Yi , Zhang Weigang , Wang Yi
Published: November 2023

Stereo- and regioselective vicinal fluorosulfonyl-borylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons using air-stable crystalline imidazolium sulfonate reagent IMSF.
Defective blue titanium oxide induces high valence of NiFe-(oxy)hydroxides over heterogeneous interfaces towards high OER catalytic activity
Authors: Zhou Tingxi , Yang Yifei , Jing Yike , Hu Yuling , Yang Fei , Sun Wei , He LeiLei
Published: November 2023

Nickel–iron (oxy)hydroxides (NiFeOxHy) have been validated to speed up sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) but still lack satisfactory substrates to support them.
Auto-ignition and reaction kinetic characteristics of hydrogen-enriched n-dodecane mixtures under engine-like thermodynamic conditions
Authors: Yang Zhihao , Zhai Changhui , Gong Zhen , Qian Yejian
Published: November 2023

The hydrogen/diesel dual-fuel engine has attracted extensive attention in recent years.
An intrinsically zwitter-ionic COF: a carboxylic acid and pseudo-tetrahedral sp3 nitrogen functionalized covalent organic framework with potential for humidity sensing
Authors: Nandi Shyamapada , Singh Himan Dev , Shekhar Pragalbh , Chakraborty Debanjan , Kushwaha Rinku , Vaidhyanathan Ramanathan
Published: November 2023

A carboxylic acid functionalized sp3 N-rich imine bonded COF shows a humidity-dependent visible color change. This COF is easily exfoliated to nanosheets, which are explored as a potential humidity sensor that detects trace water in organic solvents.
Interface molecular wires induce electron transfer from COFs to Pt for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Zhao Zhengfeng , Chen Weiqiang , Zhang Guofeng , Chen Yao
Published: November 2023

A Pt/sodium citrate (SC)/COF sandwich structure was constructed by facile pore encapsulation for photocatalytic H2 evolution. As a result, the apparent quantum yield (AQY) reached a high value of 13.5% at 450 nm with the assistance of SC.
Zinc-based biomaterials for bone repair and regeneration: mechanism and applications
Authors: Wen Xinyu , Wang Jian , Pei Xibo , Zhang Xin
Published: November 2023

In this review, the specific mechanisms of bone formation promotion by Zn-based biomaterials are discussed, and recent developments in their applications in bone tissue engineering are summarized.
Metal halides RbCdCl3:Sb3+ and Rb4CdCl6:Sb3+ with yellow and cyan emissions obtained via a facile hydrothermal process
Authors: Huang Dayu , Zheng Pan , Cheng Ziyong , Ouyang Qiuyun , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun
Published: November 2023

Fabrication of white LEDs using both synthesized RbCdCl3:Sb3+ and Rb4CdCl6:Sb3+ crystals.
Threshold Estimation and Speech Perception Under Hearing Loss Simulation: Examination of the Immersive Hearing Loss and Prosthesis Simulator
Authors: Roman Aaron M. , Pratt Sheila R. , Zhen Leslie Q.
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

Hearing loss simulation (HLS) has been recommended for clinical teaching and counseling of patients and their families, so that they can experience hearing impairment. However, few validated procedures for simulating hearing loss are available to instructors and practicing clinicians. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the Immersive Hearing Loss and Prosthesis Simulator (I-HeLPS) on reducing hearing sensitivity and word recognition to determine its adequacy for educational and clinical use.

Method:

Thirty-seven young adults with normal hearing completed hearing threshold and word recognition testing under normal and simulated hearing losses. The accuracy of the nominal hearing threshold settings within the I-HeLPS software was assessed with behavioral detection of frequency-modulated pure tones presented in a calibrated sound field, while listeners wore I-HeLPS headphones. The impact of the HLSs on speech perception was measured using the California Consonant Test. Hearing thresholds, word identification accuracy, and sound confusions were compared across listening conditions.

Results:

Hearing thresholds increased systematically with worse simulated hearing loss. Performance on the California Consonant Test worsened, and the number of phoneme confusions increased with simulated hearing loss severity. Most of the confusions were place confusions with near neighbors and manner confusions increased as a function of increasing severity of simulated hearing loss.

Conclusions:

The I-HeLPS accurately elevated hearing thresholds with increasing HLS severity and impacted word recognition in a manner consistent with sensorineural hearing loss. The simulations were considered reasonable for educational and clinical purposes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24520966
AutoSourceID-Classifier
Authors: Stoppa F. , Bhattacharyya S. , Ruiz de Austri R. , Vreeswijk P. , Caron S. , Zaharijas G. , Bloemen S. , Principe G. , Malyshev D. , Vodeb V. , Groot P. J. , Cator E. , Nelemans G.
Published: November 2023

Aims.Traditional star-galaxy classification techniques often rely on feature estimation from catalogs, a process susceptible to introducing inaccuracies, thereby potentially jeopardizing the classification’s reliability. Certain galaxies, especially those not manifesting as extended sources, can be misclassified when their shape parameters and flux solely drive the inference. We aim to create a robust and accurate classification network for identifying stars and galaxies directly from astronomical images.

Methods.The AutoSourceID-Classifier (ASID-C) algorithm developed for this work uses 32x32 pixel single filter band source cutouts generated by the previously developed AutoSourceID-Light (ASID-L) code. By leveraging convolutional neural networks (CNN) and additional information about the source position within the full-field image, ASID-C aims to accurately classify all stars and galaxies within a survey. Subsequently, we employed a modified Platt scaling calibration for the output of the CNN, ensuring that the derived probabilities were effectively calibrated, delivering precise and reliable results.

Results.We show that ASID-C, trained on MeerLICHT telescope images and using the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS) morphological classification, is a robust classifier and outperforms similar codes such as SourceExtractor. To facilitate a rigorous comparison, we also trained an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model on tabular features extracted by SourceExtractor. While this XGBoost model approaches ASID-C in performance metrics, it does not offer the computational efficiency and reduced error propagation inherent in ASID-C’s direct image-based classification approach. ASID-C excels in low signal-to-noise ratio and crowded scenarios, potentially aiding in transient host identification and advancing deep-sky astronomy.
Utilization status and conservation efforts of bangka island endemic fishes
Authors: Robin Robin , Bidayani Endang , Puspa Anjani Tiara , Fahrul Syarif Ahmad
Published: November 2023

It is estimated that there are around seven endemic fish species on Bangka Island. Environmental degradation due to human activities in the public waters of Bangka Island is feared to affect the sustainability of fish resources. Therefore, this study aims to determine the status of endemic fish utilisation on Bangka Island, and to determine efforts to conserve endemic fish on Bangka Island. The research method used was survey. Primary data collection method is through literature study and interviews, and secondary data is through literature. Descriptive data analysis method. The results of the study showed that the status of endemic fish on Bangka Island is three species of fish with Vulnerable status, two species of fish with Threatened status, and two species of fish with Critical status. Efforts to conserve fish resources include domestication, fisheries reserves, and fishing regulations.
First report of artificial floating habitat to increase the fish population in Koto Panjang reservoir, Indonesia
Authors: Budijono Budijono , Prianto Eko , Fauzi Muhammad , Hendrizal Andri , Sibagariang Rina D’rita , Putra Ridwan Manda , Mulyani Isma , Kamaruddin Eddiwan , Purwanto Eko , Pangestu Muhammad Panji
Published: November 2023

The artificial habitat being tested in the Koto Panjang Reservoir is a step to anticipate the emergence of symptoms of a decline in fisheries resources at this time. This study aims to examine the types of artificial media in the artificial habitat structure favored by fish. This research was carried out from June 2022 to August 2023 in the Koto Panjang Reservoir. Artificial habitat is created as many as 10 structures. Each structure has 8 attractors with different media (raffia rope, plastic bonded rope, palm fiber, packing bottles, and coconut leaves, which are suspended at a depth of 2-8 meters. Four units of fish traps are placed on each structure for monthly fish collection, then counted and identified according to applicable procedures. The result shown that were 232 fish caught in all artificial habitats consisting of 16 species, excluding 1 type of freshwater shrimp. On raffia cord media, more types of fish were caught, reaching 56% compared to 12% on packaging plastic bottle media. It was concluded that this artificial floating habitat with different media could be a gathering and foraging place represented by 16 fish species from the 44 fish species recorded in this reservoir.
Monitoring of ecotoxicological parameters in the floating net cage area in Buluhcina Village, Kampar District, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Harjoyudanto Yudho , Hendrizal Andri , Ersyi Darfia Novreta , Budijono
Published: November 2023

Net cages culture activities produced organic pollutant that are distributed in the surrounding area and thus affects the water’s ecotoxicological parameters. This research was conducted along the Kampar River in the village of Buluhcina during the period of May to July 2023. Water samples were collected three times and the parameters measure were TSS, DO, COD, pH, Nitrite and Total P. Results indicate that in general, the water quality of the Kampar River’s was less contaminated (Pollution Index 1.19). The most polluted area was in Station 1 (PI 1.35) as indicated by high TSS and nitrite content that were more than the standard level. Relatively high nitrate content was also found in Station 3 (0.08 mg/l). In Station 2, however, the water quality was relatively good (PI 0.87), and the COD level was slightly above the standard value (0.5 mg/l). Based on data collected, it can be concluded that the water quality in the study site can be categorized as good and it may be used to conduct aquaculture activities.
Flood simulation to determine flood hazard susceptibility of downstream Singkil watershed in Aceh Province
Authors: Alfian Dedy , Meilianda Ella , Achmad Ashfa , Syukri Muhammad , Ashfa H. , Opdyke Aaron
Published: November 2023

The damage to the Singkil watershed, one of the largest watersheds in Aceh Province, has become a concern for many parties, primarily due to increased flood events in the downstream area of the watershed. Based on previous studies, the problems which cause flooding are watershed damage due to illegal logging and high rainfall intensity reaching 3000-4500 mm/year, and increased erosion of 0.887 tons/ha/year, which causes a decrease in river capacity due to sedimentation. For this reason, this study aims to do 2D flood hydraulic modeling for five return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50 years which can be a reference for flood management in Aceh Singkil District. The hydrological analysis of the design flood discharge for several return period was carried out using Nakayasu and SCS-CN method. 1D-2D flood simulation generated using GeoHECRAS software to study flood hazard characteristic at downstream by combining tidal effects. The flood event in September 2012, a 10-year return period flood, became the basis for validating and calibrating the simulation model. Based on flood simulation result, it is known the downstream area of the Singkil watershed, Aceh Singkil districts is an area with a high flood potential and frequently occurs.
Probabilistic Analysis of the Tsunami Disaster on the Vulnerability Level of Buildings in Painan City, West Sumatra based on the Earthquake Ratio with the Logic Tree Method
Authors: Sitinjak King Princes Happy , Ibrahim Agiel Malik , Putra Gusti Mahendra , Mahlil Teuku , Januriyadi Nurul Fajar , Rasyif Teuku Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Indonesia is an archipelagic country stretching from Sabang to Merauke and is located at the convergence of the most complex and active tectonic plates in the world, namely Eurasia, Indo-Australia, and the Pacific. One of the regions with a high probability of earthquakes and high tsunamis is the island of Sumatra, which lies between the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates. Painan city is located in West Sumatra Province, where it is surrounded by three megathrust zones: the Nias-Simeulue segment, Mentawai-Siberut segment, and Mentawai-Pagai segment. These three megathrust zones, namely Nias-Simeulue with an estimated earthquake magnitude of 8.7 Mw, Mentawai-Siberut with an earthquake magnitude of 8.9 Mw, and Mentawai-Pagai with an earthquake magnitude of 8.9 Mw, can potentially cause tsunamis that may reach Painan city. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of seismic activity level variables and the ratio between large and small earthquakes on tsunami wave height using the logic tree method, assess the tsunami hazard potential using Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA), and evaluate the vulnerability of existing buildings in Painan city. Tsunami simulations in this study were conducted using the Cornell Multigrid Coupled Tsunami (COMCOT) program, which applies the Shallow Water Equation (SWE). Additionally, the Building Tsunami Vulnerability (BTV) equation was used to calculate the vulnerability index of buildings based on their conditions and tsunami wave heights. The calculation of the BTV value for the tsunami height parameter was modified using fragility curves that depict the relationship between force and the probability of tsunami wave damage. From the simulation results, the tsunami height was obtained, which in turn determines the probability of tsunami hazard on buildings with return periods of 1000 and 4000 years. After the simulations, the Building Tsunami Vulnerability (BTV) calculation was performed to determine the vulnerability level of buildings to tsunamis.
Student Attitude to Earthquake Disaster Risk: Role of Motivation and Perception of Risk
Authors: Kinanthi Resti , Wikan Preti Askunala , Anasfisia Vinia , Nurmaya Acintya
Published: November 2023

Youth awareness and attitudes toward earthquake disasters can assist disaster risk reduction and management efforts to reduce death and economic loss. Students can become a driving force in reducing earthquake risk if they have the right attitude in dealing with earthquake disaster risk. This research aims to analyze students’ attitudes to earthquake risk and the role of motivation and perception of risk towards students’ attitudes to earthquake risk. Students have the potential to become a driving force in reducing earthquake risk if they have the right attitude in dealing with earthquake disaster risk. Students can be a driving force in reducing earthquake risk if they have the right attitude in dealing with earthquake disaster risk. This research uses quantitative research methods. The research uses an online survey to collect data from 107 students in Padang City and Surakarta City. Researchers use random sampling to distribute the survey. The variables examined in this study are attitudes toward earthquake risk, motivation, and perceptions of earthquake risk. This study used a questionnaire consisting of 67 questions. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis with SPSS 26.00. This study found that students have a high attitude toward earthquake risk. The attitude variable is influenced by motivation and perception of earthquake risk by 62.9%, while other variables outside the model studied influence by 37.1%. The motivation and perception of earthquake risk have a significant effect on the attitude variable. Lastly, the perception and motivational variables have a significant effect on the attitude variable partially.
Optionen zur Therapie der felinen infektiösen Peritonitis – früher und heute
Authors: Krentz Daniela , Bergmann Michèle , Felten Sandra , Hartmann Katrin
Published: November 2023

Die feline infektiöse Peritonitis (FIP) ist eine der häufigsten Infektionskrankheiten bei Katzen und verläuft unbehandelt tödlich. Bisher gibt es in Deutschland keine legal verfügbare wirksame Therapie. Therapieoptionen reichen von der symptomatischen Therapie (z. B. Glukokortikoide, Propentofyllin) über immunmodulatorische Ansätze (z. B. Interferone, Polyprenyl-Immunstimulanz) bis hin zur antiviralen Therapie mit einem Protease-Inhibitor (z. B. GC376) oder Nukleosid-Analoga (z. B. GS-441524, Remdesivir). Die symptomatische Therapie führt nicht zur Heilung der FIP, sondern nur zu einer kurzzeitigen Verbesserung der klinischen Symptome bei wenigen Katzen. Auch eine immunmodulatorische Therapie stellte sich als wenig erfolgversprechend heraus. Die antiviralen Medikamente GS-441524 und GC376 waren in mehreren Studien hochwirksam und konnten das Leben vieler an FIP erkrankten Katzen retten. Beide Wirkstoffe sind aktuell in Deutschland nicht zugelassen und können von Tierärzten nicht legal angewendet werden. Katzen dürfen aktuell nur in wenigen Ländern (z. B. Großbritannien und Australien) legal mit GS-441524 therapiert werden. GS-441524 wird daher von Katzenbesitzern in vielen anderen Ländern über den Schwarzmarkt bestellt und in Eigenregie angewendet. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über verfügbare Therapieoptionen und einen Ausblick zur legalen Anwendung wirksamer antiviraler Medikamente.
Morbidität und Mortalität von Stute und Fohlen nach Dystokie – eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Ellerbrock Markus , Wehrend Axel
Published: November 2023

Eine Dystokie stellt für die Stute und das Fohlen einen lebensbedrohlichen Zustand dar. Anhand einer Literaturauswertung wurden die Morbiditäts- und Todesraten durch eine Schwergeburt bei Stute und Fohlen sowie der Einfluss auf die weitere Fruchtbarkeit der Stute analysiert. Erschwerend bei der Auswertung der Literatur ist, dass kein einheitlicher Diagnoseschlüssel genutzt wurde und dass in den meisten Veröffentlichungen nicht deutlich wird, wie umfangreich die Untersuchungen am Tier durchgeführt wurden, um zur Diagnose zu gelangen. Die Retentio secundinarum ist die häufigste Komplikation nach Schwergeburt. Weitere Komplikationen der Dystokie sind Verletzungen im weichen Geburtsweg und des Dickdarmes. Diese treten nach chirurgischer Geburtshilfe häufiger auf als nach Auszug. Bei Durchführung einer Fetotomie steigt die Gefahr von Verletzungen im Geburtsweg. Nach einer Sectio caesarea nimmt das Risiko einer Nachgeburtsverhaltung deutlich zu. Zur Darlegung eines möglichen obstetrischen Fortschritts wurden recherchierte Mortalitätsraten von Stute und Fohlen nach chirurgischer sowie konservativer Geburtshilfe in die Perioden 1970–1990 und 1991–2021 unterteilt. Die durchschnittliche maternale Todesrate nach einer Sectio caesarea liegt im Zeitraum 1970–1990 bei 18% und von 1991 bis 2021 bei 14%. Die 2 ermittelten Angaben zur Todesrate nach einer Fetotomie betrugen 29% und 10% in der Zeitspanne 1970–1990. In der Periode 1991–2021 variieren die Daten zwischen 4 und 44%, wobei sich eine durchschnittliche Todesrate von 14% ergibt. Die durchschnittliche maternale Todesrate nach Auszug unter Allgemeinanästhesie liegt bei 9%. Die Literaturangaben lagen hierbei allerdings nur für den aktuelleren Zeitraum vor und schwanken zwischen 6–29%. Die Erkrankungs- und Todesrate von Fohlen ist sehr hoch. Im Rahmen eines Kaiserschnittes werden 53% der Fohlen tot entwickelt, wobei die Todesrate in den einzelnen Fallserien aus den Jahren 1991–2021 von 13–79% variiert. Die Anzahl tot entwickelter Fohlen im Rahmen einer konservativen Geburtshilfe liegt in der gleichen Größenordnung. Postnatale Erkrankungen des Fohlens sind zum größten Teil auf die intrapartale Hypoxie während der Dystokie und Verletzungen durch die Geburtshilfe zurückzuführen. Nach Schwergeburt zeigen Stuten eine reduzierte Fertilität, was jedoch durch eine Zuchtpause im gleichen Jahr in vielen Fällen kompensiert werden kann. Insgesamt ist die Anzahl ausgewerteter Fälle aber bisher zu gering, um verbindliche Hinweise für eine Zuchtnutzung nach Dystokie formulieren zu können.
Polyendokrine Syndrome beim Hund
Authors: Strey Sina , Mischke Reinhard , Rieder Johanna
Published: November 2023

Das autoimmune polyendokrine Syndrom (APS) ist eine beim Hund selten vorkommende
Kombination autoimmun bedingter endokriner Erkrankungen. Häufige
Kombinationen sind Hypothyreose mit Hypoadrenokortizismus oder Diabetes
mellitus. Des Weiteren können seltener Hypoparathyreoidismus und
Orchitis als Teil eines APS auftreten. Die Diagnose des APS erfolgt über
die Diagnose der jeweiligen Erkrankungen. Ebenso besteht die Therapie des APS in
der Therapie der beteiligten Erkrankungen, d.h. in der Substitution der
defizienten Hormone. Entstehen unter einer zuvor stabilen Therapie einer
endokrinen Erkrankung weitere Symptome (z.B. Polyurie, Polydipsie oder
Gewichtsverlust), sollte an die zusätzliche Entstehung anderer
Endokrinopathien wie Hypoadrenokortizismus oder Diabetes mellitus gedacht
werden. Die Diagnose der initial diagnostizierten Endokrinopathie sollte jedoch
ebenfalls kritisch hinterfragt werden. Dieser Artikel fasst Fallberichte aus dem
eigenen Patientengut sowie ausgewählte Fallberichte aus der Literatur
mit ihren Besonderheiten zusammen.
Data-driven wake model parameter estimation to analyze effects of wake superposition
Authors: LoCascio M. J. , Gorlé C. , Howland M. F.
Published: November 2023

Low-fidelity wake models are used for wind farm design and control optimization. To generalize to a wind farm model, individually modeled wakes are commonly superimposed using approximate superposition models. Wake models parameterize atmospheric and wake turbulence, introducing unknown model parameters that historically are tuned with idealized simulation or experimental data and neglect uncertainty. We calibrate and estimate the uncertainty of the parameters in a Gaussian wake model using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) for various wake superposition methods. Posterior distributions of the uncertain parameters are generated using power production data from large eddy simulations and a utility-scale wake steering field experiment. The posteriors for the wake expansion coefficient are sensitive to the choice of superposition method, with relative differences in the means and standard deviations on the order of 100%. This sensitivity illustrates the role of superposition methods in wake modeling error. We compare these data-driven parameter estimates to estimates derived from a standard turbulence-intensity based model as a baseline. To assess predictive accuracy, we calibrate the data-driven parameter estimates with a training dataset for yaw-aligned operation. Using a Monte Carlo approach, we then generate predicted distributions of turbine power production and evaluate against a hold-out test dataset for yaw-misaligned operation. For the cases tested, the MCMC-calibrated parameters reduce the total error of the power predictions by roughly 50% compared to the deterministic empirical model predictions. An additional benefit of the data-driven parameter estimation is the quantification of uncertainty, which enables physically quantified confidence intervals of wake model predictions.
VLF chorus emissions modeling using EPOCH PIC code: Generation regimes and comparison with a backward wave oscillator theory
Authors: Pasmanik D. L. , Demekhov A. G.
Published: November 2023

We present the results of a numerical model for VLF chorus emissions generation based on the EPOCH PIC code. The initial distribution function of energetic elections is assumed to have a finite-width step-like deformation in the velocities parallel to the geomagnetic field. This allows us to verify and generalize the analytical and numerical results obtained earlier within the framework of a backward wave oscillator model in which a sharp step feature is assumed. We show that in the presence of a sharp or smooth step, chorus emissions can be generated for realistic flux of energetic electrons even if the initial velocity distribution (without the step) is isotropic. Simulated chorus emissions behave very similarly for both sharp and finite-width steps. In particular, the generation of repetitive chirping chorus elements occurs if the coupling parameter exceeds the linear generation threshold several times. For smaller threshold excess, quasi-stationary or relaxation oscillation regimes take place. For the first time, we systematically study the dependence of the chorus emissions properties on the energetic electron distribution parameters, in particular, on the step width and the effective wave-particle coupling parameter proportional to the energetic electron flux and step height. We show that the functional dependences of the linear growth rate on the coupling parameter is the same for a smooth step gradient as those obtained for the sharp step within the framework of the backward wave oscillator model. The threshold flux of energetic electrons, above which whistler mode waves are generated, increases very fast with increasing step width. With a fixed relative step height, the threshold flux is about an order of magnitude higher for a step width of 8% than for a sharp step.
Steady streaming under a surface wave propagating over a rough bottom: A model of the bottom boundary layer
Authors: Vittori Giovanna , Blondeaux Paolo , Brocchini Maurizio , Melito Lorenzo , Postacchini Matteo
Published: November 2023

The steady streaming generated by nonlinear effects at the bottom of a propagating surface wave is determined when the bottom is characterized by a roughness, the size of which scales with the boundary layer thickness. Therefore, the cornerstone contribution by Longuet-Higgins, who considered a smooth bottom, is extended to sea waves and sandy bottoms characterized by a grain size that ranges from fine silt to fine gravel. For values of the grain size d* up to 0.05δ*, δ* being the thickness of the viscous bottom boundary layer, the velocity profile is practically coincident with that predicted by Longuet-Higgins. If the grain size is further increased, the steady velocity component becomes larger and reaches a maximum value that is approximately 70% larger than that predicted by Longuet-Higgins. The maximum of the steady velocity component is attained for d*=0.6δ*. A further increase in d* leads to a decrease in the steady velocity component that, however, keeps always larger than that predicted for a smooth bottom. As the roughness size increases up to the values typical of medium sand, the steady velocity component increases. Then, a further increase in the roughness size leads to a decrease in the steady streaming even though, in the range of the roughness size presently investigated, the steady velocity component is always larger than that predicted for a smooth bottom.
The effects of humidity on the electrical properties and carrier mobility of semiconducting polymers anion-exchange doped with hygroscopic salts
Authors: Duong Quynh M. , Garcia Vidales Diego , Schwartz Benjamin J.
Published: November 2023

To improve their electrical conductivity for various applications, semiconducting polymer films are often chemically doped to increase their equilibrium charge carrier density. Recently, a novel doping method involving anion exchange has provided control over the identity of the counterions that reside in such films, leading to increased stability under ambient conditions. In this work, however, we show that by ion-exchanging 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane-doped poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) films with hygroscopic salts like bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium or LiPF6, the doped film's electrical conductivity drops significantly when exposed to ambient humidity. The change in electrical conductivity depends directly on the degree of hygroscopicity of the counterion and can be over 50% with relatively modest changes in relative humidity (RH), and up to a factor of four between ambient and completely dry conditions. The film's humidity response is entirely reversible when adsorbed water is removed, potentially allowing the doped semiconducting polymer films to function as humidity sensors. Hall effect measurements show that the cause of the drop in conductivity with increasing RH is due to a decrease in carrier mobility and not due to de-doping. Our results emphasize that it is important to control the sample environment when making electrical measurements on anion-exchange doped semiconducting polymer films.
Optical flow-based closed-loop control of a multi-degree-of-freedom clamping-type ultrasonic motor
Authors: Leng Jingwen , Liu Chenglei , Fan Junyu , Jin Long , Xu Zhike
Published: November 2023

Rotor speed and position detection are integral parts of the closed-loop control system for multi-degree-of-freedom (multi-DOF) ultrasonic motors. The non-contact speed detection method is important for the high-precision control of the spherical rotor. This paper proposes a closed-loop control method based on an optical flow sensor for the velocity–position control of a multi-DOF clamping-type ultrasonic motor. The optical flow information is analyzed using the conical L–K optical flow algorithm to obtain the rotor speed and position. An incremental PID control method is used to perform dual closed-loop positioning control of the motor regarding speed and position. An experimental platform for the optical flow sensor is designed, and the method’s feasibility is verified experimentally.