bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização de um quintal agroflorestal na Amazônia Central, Brasil
Authors: Damaceno João Batista Dias , Lobato Ana Cecília Nina
Published: May 2019

Os quintais agroflorestais na Amazônia constituem-se como meio de subsistência e geração de renda aos agricultores. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar um quintal agroflorestal na Amazônia Central através de levantamentos socioeconômicos, patrimoniais e florísticos. O quintal agroflorestal foi dividido em cinco zonas quanto ao aproveitamento da área (Zona 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5). Os proprietários possuíam baixa escolaridade, sem título final da terra e a maior parte da renda advém de aposentadoria. Dentre as espécies vegetais cultivadas no quintal estão o cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), o açaí (Euterpe oleracea), a mandioca (Manihot esculenta), o mari (Poraqueiba sericea) e a pimenta-do-reino (Piper nigrum). Os cultivos são manejados com baixa tecnologia, sem insumos externos, que favorece a conservação do meio ambiente.
Marketing sustentável para a melhoria da gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos em município do Alto Uruguai Gaúcho, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Gollo Silvana Saionara , Rosa Keila Cristina da , Silva Angelita Freitas da , Bortoli Cassiana , Storti Adriana Troczinski , Carvalho Marcio Rogério Silva
Published: May 2019

Resíduos sólidos urbanos secos são aqueles que podem ser reciclados gerando emprego e renda em associações de recicladores. Apesar de haver dispositivos legais sobre o tema, muitos problemas são enfrentados em relação à sua gestão. Diante deste contexto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o procedimento de descarte e destinação dos resíduos sólidos urbanos no Município de Erechim, localizado no Alto Uruguai Gaúcho, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, buscando propor estratégias de marketing que possam contribuir para a melhoria de sua gestão. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas e levantamento do tipo survey. Na etapa qualitativa destacam-se os principais problemas enfrentados pelas associações de recicladores, como a falta de conscientização da população quanto à separação e destino do lixo, condições de trabalho precárias, falta de segurança, infraestrutura e a discriminação da profissão. Na etapa quantitativa destaca-se a confirmação do desconhecimento da população a respeito da gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Quase a totalidade dos entrevistados afirmou realizar a separação dos resíduos secos e orgânicos, porém, mais da metade tem dúvidas na sua diferenciação. Ao solicitar-se a classificação de resíduos secos e orgânicos de uma lista apresentada, boa parte não soube identificar corretamente. Na concepção de que a gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos está ligada ao marketing sustentável, propõe-se estratégias com foco no tripé social, ambiental e econômico. Como implicações gerenciais oportunizadas por esta pesquisa, destaca-se a possibilidade das ações propostas melhorarem a atuação dos recicladores dentro das associações.
Responses of Antioxidant in Rainbow Trout Exposed to Temephos
Authors: PARLAK Veysel , UÇAR Arzu , ALAK Gonca , ATAMANALP Muhammed
Published: May 2019

In this study, rainbow trout was exposed to temephos (TE) during 96h acute toxicity conditions. The toxic compound was given in doses of 3 mg L-1 and 6 mg L-1. Furthermore, we assessment antioxidant enzymes activity (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain. CAT, SOD, GR, G6PD, and MDA in liver were demonstrated significant effects by the treatments (P<0.05). TE exposure resulted in the inhibition of AChE activity, which, compared with the control group, decreased in all doses (P<0.05). The results showed that temephos inhibited liver tissue’s enzyme activities and increased MDA levels. In the light of these data, we can say that temephos toxicity should be taken into consideration in aquatic environments.
Kitosan Fiberlerinden İlaç Salımının QCM ile İncelenmesi
Authors: NOHUT MAŞLAKCI Neslihan
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada, kitosan (Ch)/poli(metil metakrilat) (PMMA) (K1), kütlece % 0.3 ibuprofen (Ibu) içeren Ch/PMMA (K2) ve kütlece % 0.6 Ibu içeren Ch/PMMA (K3) elektrospun fiberleri elektro-eğirme tekniği ile ilk kez elde edilmiştir. K2 ve K3 fiber yüzeylerinden ibuprofenin denetimli salımı kuvars kristal mikrobalans (QCM) sistemi ile incelenmiştir. QCM sonuçları, ultraviyole-görünür bölge (UV-Vis) absorpsiyon spektroskopisinin sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Biyo-uyumlu fiberlerin morfolojik özellikleri taramalı elektron mikroskobu-enerji dağılım spektroskopisi (SEM-EDS) ile karakterize edilmiştir. İlaç salımına ait kinetik sonuçlardan en iyi ilaç salım mekanizmasının kütlece % 0.3 Ibu içeren Ch/PMMA çözeltisinden elde edilmiş olan K2 fiber yapısına ait olduğu ve bunun en ideal ilaç konsantrasyonu olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Gıda Kodekslerinin Tarım ve Gıda Ürünleri Dış Ticareti Bakımından İncelenmesi
Authors: DURU Sinan , GÜL Aykut , HAYRAN Seyit
Published: May 2019

Gıda insanlığın yaşamanın sürdürmesi için enerji sağlayan ve tüketimi zorunlu bir maddedir. 1994 yılında Dünya Ticaret Örgütü’nün (WTO) kurulmasıyla tarım ve gıda ürünleri dış ticaretinde tarife engellerinin azaltılması, teknik ve düzenleyici engellerin artırılması kararı alınmış ve gıda kodeks standartlarının önemi artmıştır. Gıda kodekslerinin zorunlu hale getirilmesi ve bilimsel geçerliliğe dayalı olarak güncellenmesi ihracat gelirlerinin büyük bir kısmı tarım ve gıda ürünleri olan az gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeleri olumsuz yönde etkilemiş, gelişmiş ülkelerin payını artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada gıda kodekslerinin dünyada ve ülkemizde gelişimi, WTO’nun kurulmasıyla uygulanmaya başlanan Sağlık ve Bitki Sağlığı (SPS) ve Ticarette Teknik Engeller (TBT) Anlaşmalarının uluslararası tarım ve gıda ürünleri dış ticaretinde etkileri incelenmiş ve bu gelişmeler ışığında Türkiye’nin tarım ve gıda ürünleri dış ticaretinde rekabet gücünün ve payını artması için öneriler getirilmiştir.
Kükürt Uygulamalarına Bağlı Olarak Hıyar Bitkisinin (Cucumis Sativus L.) Antioksidant Enzim Aktivitesindeki Değişimler
Authors: GÜNEŞ Adem , SÖNMEZ Osman
Published: May 2019

Ülkemiz topraklarının yüksek pH ve kireç içeriği, ya da yanlış gübreleme nedeniyle bazı bitki besin elementlerinin elverişliliği düşmekte ve stres koşulları oluşmaktadır. Ülkemizde örtü altı sebze yetiştiriciliğinde üretim ve ekiliş alanı bakımından önemli yer tutan hıyar (Cucumis sativus L.) bitkisinde kalite ve verim açısından olumsuz toprak koşulları ve bitki besin element elverişliliği büyük önem arzetmektedir. Olumsuz koşullara bağlı olarak oluşan oksijen radikallerinin olumsuz etkilerini gidermek için bitkide savunma mekanizmasının geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu amaçla, yüksek pH düzeyine sahip toprakta yetiştirilen hıyar bitkisine (Cucumis sativus L.) kontrol ve 5 farklı dozda elementel toz kükürt (0, 20, 40, 80, 120 ve 200 kg da-1) uygulanmış ve deneme 4 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. 4 kg‘lık saksılarda kükürt uygulaması yapılarak karıştırılmış ve topraklar 3 aylık inkübasyon peryoduna bırakılmıştır. İnkübasyon peryodu sonucunda fide dikimi yapılmıştır. 2. hasat döneminden sonra, antioksidan enzim analizi için yaprak örnekleri alınmış ve antioksidant enzim analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda elementel toz kükürt uygulamasının optimum olarak 80-100 kg da-1 dozunda, bitki antioksidant enzim içeriğini artırdığı belirlenmiştir.
Kent Parklarında Kullanılan Donatı Elemanlarının Estetik ve Fonksiyonel Açıdan Yeterlilikleri; Erzurum Kenti Örneği
Authors: AKPINAR KÜLEKCİ Elif , IRMAK Mehmet. Akif
Published: May 2019

Donatı elamanları, kentsel alanlarda insanların yaşamını kolaylaştıran, mekana işlevsellik, özgünlük ve estetikkatan, mekanı tamamlayıcı ve tanımlayıcı özelliklere sahip farklı form ve yapılarda öğelerdir. Bu çalışma, Erzurum‟dayoğun olarak kullanılan parklardaki (Palandöken, Kuğulu, Tavşanlı, Gençlik ve Olimpiyat, ġehitler, Yakutiye, 100. YılParkı ve Ata Botanik Park) donatı elemanlarının ergonomi, güvenlik, bakım, estetik, orijinallik, çevreye uyumluluk vedayanıklılık gibi farklı kriterler açısından memnuniyet düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. 2017 yılında 100 kiĢiile yapılan çalıĢmanın sonuçları SPSS programında analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda kent genelinde kullanılanparklardaki oturma elemanları en düşük puanı; bakım (4.1), en yüksek puanı; ergonomi (7.1) kriterinde almıştır. Çöpkutusu en düşük ortalama puanı; orijinallik (3.3), bakım (3.7), en yüksek puanı; güvenlik (6.9), ergonomi (6.7), döşemeelemanları en düşük puanı; orijinallik (4.7), en yüksek puanı ise ergonomi (7.3), pergolalar en düşük puanı; orijinallik(4.5), en yüksek puanı ise ile güvenlik (7.3), estetik (7.1), bakım (6.8) kriterinde almış ve elde edilen sonuçlar istatistikiolarak (p<0.05) anlamlı bulunmuştur. Bilgilendirme ve yönlendirme levhaları en düşük puanı; ergonomi (4.9), orijinallik(5.3), en yüksek puanı: güvenlik (7.1) kriterinden almıştır. Çocuk oyun elemanları; en düşük puanı orijinallik (3.8), enyüksek puanı bakımlılık (6.4) kriterinde almıştır (p<0.05). Çalışmadan elde edilen anket sonuçları değerlendirildiğindeErzurum‟da kent parklarına yönelik kullanımlarının peyzaj ergonomisi açısından olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri belirlenmiş,kentsel donatı elemanlarının, Şehir imajına mekansal ve alansal boyutlarda katkı sağlayabilmesi sürecinde yapılmasıgerekenler konusunda çözüm önerileri sunulmuştu
QC(X) Üzerinde Yarı Kompakt-Açık Topoloji
Authors: OSMANOĞLU İsmail
Published: May 2019

Bu makalede, Tychonoff  uzayının yarı kompakt alt kümeleri üzerinde
sürekli olan tüm reel değerli fonksiyonların kümesi  üzerindeki yarı kompakt-açık topoloji
tanıtıldı. Daha sonra bu topolojinin metriklenebilirliği, tam
metriklenebilirliği, ayrılabilirliği ve ikinci sayılabilirliği ayrıntılı olarak
incelendi.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (lactic acid-b- ε-caprolactone) Block Copolymers
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Serhat , CAKMAK İsamail , TEKEŞ Ahmet Turan , YILDIKO Ümit
Published: May 2019

In this study, poly (lactic acid-b- ε -caprolactone) was synthesized with the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone using of the poly lactic acid with the presence of DBTDL catalyst. In order to achieve that, poly lactic acid was synthesized by the condensation from the polymerization of the lactic acid with the SnCI2 catalyst. Poly (lactic acid-b-ε-caprolactone) block co-polymer was synthesized from the poly lactic acid (PLA) by changing some polymerization parameters such as polymer and monomer amounts and polymerization time. Block copolymers were characterized by using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, DSC and GPC chromatography methods.
Особенности проявления квантового размерного эффекта в явлениях переноса в тонких пленках висмута на подложках из слюды
Authors: Демидов Е.В. , Грабов В.М. , Комаров В.А. , Крушельницкий А.Н. , Суслов А.В. , Суслов М.В.
Published: May 2019

The dependences of the resistivity, magnetoresistance,and Hall coefficient on the sample thickness were studied forthin bismuth films on mica at 77 K. We discovered quantum sizeoscillations of electrical and galvanomagnetic properties for filmswith the thickness less than 50 nm. The charge carrier free path isestimated. The reasons for deviation of the observed experimentaldependences from the simple quantum size effect theory in thesemimetal films are discussed.
Гальваномагнитные свойства моносилицида кобальта и сплавов на его основе
Authors: Овчинников А.Ю. , Константинов П.П. , Пшенай-Северин Д.А. , Бурков А.Т.
Published: May 2019

In this work, we study the Hall coefficient and the conductivity of cobalt monosilide CoSi, as well as Co1−xFexSi and Co1−xNixCo alloys with contents up to 8 at% of iron and up to 5 at% of nickel. The temperature dependences of the Hall coefficient and of the conductivity were measured in the temperature range of 77−800K. The theoretical interpretation of the experimental dependencies is based on two different models of the electronic structure of the compound: a simple 2-band semimetallic structure with small overlap of isotropic parabolic bands; and ab initio electronic structure, containing near Fermi energy topological features with multiply degenerate intersections of bands.
Радиационные термоэлементы на основе теллурида висмута, получаемые методом импульсного лазерного осаждения
Authors: Шупенев А.Е. , Коршунов И.С. , Ильин А.С. , Осипков А.С. , Григорьянц А.Г.
Published: May 2019

Radiation thermopiles are basic structures for sensors used for measuring energy parameters of different radiation with wavelength from 0.1 to 100 mcm. Current work describes features of using p-Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 and n-Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 thin film thermopiles obtained with pulsed laser deposition method on different substrates. Thermal modeling and experimental research reveal the possibility of achieving responsivity of 1 V/W and time constant of 10 seconds with the use of polyimide substrates and absorption zone of 16 mm in diameter
Влияние легирования ванадием на термоэлектрические свойства сплавов Гейслера Fe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Ti-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-V-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Sn
Authors: Таранова А.И. , Новицкий А.П. , Воронин А.И. , Таскаев С.В. , Ховайло В.В.
Published: May 2019

In this work the results of an experimental study of Fe2Ti1-xVxSn alloys (x = 0; 0.06; 0.15; 0.2) are presented. According to the temperature dependencies of the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity, it is established, that the studied compositions exhibit transport properties typical for semiconductors. The substitution of V at the Ti site leads to a change of the p-type electrical conductivity behavior to n-type; the pristine sample of Fe2TiSn has the best thermoelectric properties.
Влияние электромиграции на зарождение вакансионных островков на поверхности Si(100) при сублимации
Authors: Ситников С.В. , Родякина Е.Е. , Латышев А.В.
Published: May 2019

AbstractBy means of in situ ultrahigh vacuum reflection electron microscopy, the nucleation of vacancy islands on wide terraces of the Si(100) surface is investigated. The temperature dependence of the displacement of a vacancy island nucleation center is determined in the process of heating a sample with a dc electric current. On the basis of a theoretical model, the effective electric charge of addimers is estimated in the direction across dimer rows of the surface. The effective charge has a positive sign and does not exceed 15 units of the elementary charge in the temperature range of 1020–1120°C.
Особенности транспорта носителей заряда в структурах n-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=--n-=SUP=-0-=/SUP=--n-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=- с гетеропереходом GaAs/AlGaAs при сверхвысоких плотностях тока
Authors: Слипченко С.О. , Подоскин А.А. , Соболева О.С. , Юферев В.С. , Головин В.С. , Гаврина П.С. , Романович Д.Н. , Мирошников И.В. , Пихтин Н.А.
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe current–voltage characteristics of n ^+-GaAs/ n ^0-GaAs/ N ^0-AlGaAs/ N ^+-AlGaAs/ n ^+-GaAs isotype heterostructures and n ^+-GaAs/ n ^0-GaAs/ n ^+-GaAs homostructures are studied. It is shown that, for a heterostructure under reverse bias providing the injection of electrons from n ^0-GaAs into N ^0-AlGaAs, the maximum operating voltage reaches a value of 48 V at a thickness of the N ^0-AlGaAs layer of 1 . 0 μm, and the current–voltage characteristic has no region of negative differential resistance. The operation of a homostructure is accompanied by a transition to the negative-differential-resistance region at a voltage of 10 V. Theoretical analysis in terms of the energy-balance model demonstrated that the reverse-biased isotype heterostructure has no negative-differential-resistance region because, in this case, the field domain does not collapse in contrast to what occurs in homostructures.
Коррекция характеристик обратного восстановления высоковольтных инжекционных 4H-SiC диодов с помощью протонного облучения
Authors: Иванов П.А. , Кудояров М.Ф. , Потапов А.С. , Самсонова Т.П.
Published: May 2019

The effect of proton irradiation on electrical characteristics of high-voltage (3 kV) 4H-SiC junction diodes have been investigated. The diodes were irradiated through 10-µm thick Ni-film. The energy of protons and irradiation dose were 2.8 MeV and 4×1011 cm-2, respectively. After proton irradiation, the diodes exhibited 35-% increasing in on-state resistance, about 3 times decreasing in the reverse recovery charge with the reverse recovery character being "hard".
Динамика пространственно неоднородной спиновой поляризации неравновесных электронов проводимости в магнитных переходах
Authors: Вилков Е.А. , Михайлов Г.М. , Никитов С.А. , Сафин А.Р. , Логунов М.В. , Korenivskii V.N. , Чигарев С.Г. , Фомин Л.А.
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe equation of the dynamics of the magnetic moment motion that has been averaged over the ensemble of nonequilibrium spin-injected electrons in a ferromagnetic transition in the presence of exchange interaction, interaction with an external electromagnetic field, and a thermostat has been obtained taking into account the spatial inhomogeneity of the charge carrier distribution. It has been shown that taking into account the spatial inhomogeneity of the charge carrier distribution in the equation of the dynamics of the magnetic moment motion allows for describing the various processes of electron transfer in the magnetic transition. The probability of quantum transitions of electrons with opposite spin directions, which determine spin relaxation in interaction with a thermostat, has been estimated. It has been shown that the anisotropy of the radiation medium is determined not only by the anisotropy of the sd -exchange tensor, but also by the additional anisotropy that is caused by the electron impulse derivatives of this tensor. The considered phenomena have a great potential for the detection of new effects and development of new devices based on them, including compact tunable radiation sources in the terahertz frequency range, which is obviously difficult to generate.
Параметрическое усиление высокочастотного излучения точечными контактами Джозефсона вблизи субгармонических ступенек Шапиро
Authors: Позднякова О.Д. , Шорохов А.В.
Published: May 2019

AbstractParametric amplification of a high-frequency radiation by point-like Josephson junctions in the cavity has been studied within a resistive model. It is shown numerically and analytically that near the subharmonic steps of the current–voltage characteristic there are areas of amplification of electromagnetic radiation. An one-dimensional array of the Josephson point junctions connected in series is treated. It is shown that the junctions in the array near the subharmonic steps of current–voltage characteristic are nonsynchronized and, accordingly, the amplification regions near the subharmonic steps of the array are missing.
Развитие метода локальной симметрии в модели суперъячейки для кристалла с примесью
Authors: Эварестов Р.А. , Лукьянов С.И.
Published: May 2019

The symmetry aspects of the supercell (extended primitive unit cell) model of the crystal with point defect are considered: Wyckoff positions splitting and the change of the one-electron states classification over k-vector (Brillouin zone folding). The supercell choice has to be made in a such a way that the one-electron states at the valence band top and the conduction band bottom for the perfect crystal are reproduced. Wyckoff positions splitting in the supercell model allows one to consider the defective crystal using different site symmetry point groups and also without use of the point symmetry at all. The site symmetry method allows one to predict the real symmetry of the defective crystal. This is demonstrated in the calculations of Cu impurity in LiCl crystal (the cubic symmetry of the perfect crystal is maintained for defective crystal), Fe impurity in SrTiO3 crystal (the point defect lowers the symmetry from cubic to tetragonal) and interstitial iodine atom in CsPbI3 crystal (the experimentally found I_2^- dumbell structure is confirmed only in the calculations without point symmetry restriction).
Зарядка диэлектриков при бомбардировке ионами Ar-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=- средних энергий
Authors: Миннебаев К.Ф. , Рау Э.И. , Татаринцев А.А.
Published: May 2019

A complex setup for measuring the kinetics of high-voltage potentials of bulk dielectrics charging under irradiated of ions Ar+ with medium energies has been created. Complex measurements of ion-emission characteristics, accumulated charges and surface charging potential showed effective charging to high positive potentials. The measured surface potentials is close in value to the potential of the ion gun. It is assumed that at the early stage of charging in the process of emission, sputtered ions dominate, and in the final stage of irradiation – backscattered.
The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-02-00813A
Температурные изменения магнитной структуры мультиферроика BiFe-=SUB=-0.80-=/SUB=-Cr-=SUB=-0.20-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Русаков В.С. , Покатилов В.С. , Сигов А.С. , Белик А.А. , Мацнев М.Е.
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe results of a Mössbauer study of the magnetic structure of multiferroic BiFe_0.80Cr_0.20O_3 in the temperature range of 5–550 K are presented. It is found that a collinear antiferromagnetic structure of the G type is present in BiFe_0.80Cr_0.20O_3 at temperatures below 260 K. Above 260 K, an anharmonic spin wave with a magnetic anisotropy of the easy-axis type with a high value of the anharmonicity parameter m arises. With a further increase in the temperature, the m parameter decreases and tends to zero at T ~ 420 K, at which a harmonic spin wave comes into existence. Above a temperature of about 420 K, the m parameter increases again and the spin wave becomes anharmonic with an easy-plane magnetic anisotropy. At the Néel temperature, T _N = 505 ± 10 K, the sample undergoes a transition from the magnetically ordered to the paramagnetic state. The change in the type of magnetic anisotropy at T ~ 420 K is explained by competing contributions of different signs to the effective magnetic anisotropy constant and their different temperature dependence for the BiFe_0.80Cr_0.20O_3 multiferroic.
Cтруктура и динамика решетки кристаллов Nd-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-TiO-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=- и Sm-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-TiO-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-: ab initio расчет
Authors: Чернышев В.А. , Рюмшин В.С.
Published: May 2019

Crystal structure and phonon spectra R2TiO5 (R = Nd, Sm) were studied within the framework of density functional theory and MO LKAO approach. The calculations were performed by using hybrid functional that takes into account both local and nonlocal (at the Hartree-Fock formalism) exchange. The coordinates of the ions in the unit cell and the lattice constants are calculated. The fundamental vibration frequencies of R2TiO5 (R = Nd, Sm) were calculated. The relative intensities of the Raman lines and the intensity of the IR-active modes have been calculated. The elastic constants of the crystal have been calculated at the first time.
Влияние содержания кислорода на локальное окружение атомов Fe в анион-дефицитном SrFeO-=SUB=-3-delta-=/SUB=-
Authors: Седых В.Д. , Рыбченко О.Г. , Некрасов А.Н. , Конева И.Е. , Кулаков В.И.
Published: May 2019

The structure features of polycrystalline anion-deficient ferrite strontium SrFeO3-δ have been investigated for different oxygen content by Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Three structures with a different composition have been prepared depending on heat treatment conditions. Several non-equivalent Fe positions exist within each structure that correspond to different local oxygen environments the relation and distortion degree of which change depending on oxygen quantity. Based on the Mossbauer data obtained an oxygen content has been estimated for each structure. One more the model intermediate composition Sr16Fe16O45 of the SrFeO3-δ compound is proposed.
Влияние фазового перехода второго рода на электропроводность структуры Cr-полимер-Cu
Authors: Набиуллин И.Р. , Гадиев Р.М. , Лачинов А.Н.
Published: May 2019

The results of the study of an anomalous increase in conductivity in the Cr / polymer / Cu structure near the phase transition temperature of an antiferromagnet / paramagnet in chromium are presented. Polydiphenylenephthalide was used as a polymer. In thin films of this polymer, the effect of charge instability was previously observed. It was found that as the phase transition temperature in the structure approaches, an increase in current fluctuations is observed, which in the phase transition area switch the structure's conductivity to a highly conductive state with anomalously low resistance. The interpretation of the presented results is carried out taking into account the change in charge carrier injection near the phase transition temperature in chromium.
Термомеханический режим формирования вихревых течений в гибридно ориентированном нематическом канале
Authors: Захаров А.В.
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we described numerically several scenarios of formation of vortex flows (VF) in microsized hybrid-oriented liquid crystal (HOLC) channels with orientation defects using a nonlinear generalization of the classical Ericksen–Leslie theory that allows taking into account termomechanical contribution, both in the expression for the shear stress and in the entropy balance equation. An analysis of the numerical results showed that there are two or one vortices in the HOLC channel although two vortices directed towards each other are generated at the initial stage of the VT formation Thermomechanically Excited Vortical Flow.
О газоструйном методе осаждения наноструктурных пленок серебра
Authors: Быков Н.Ю. , Сафонов А.И. , Лещев Д.В. , Старинский С.В. , Булгаков А.В.
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of thin silver films by the gas-jet deposition method is experimentally and theoretically studied. When the metal is deposited onto silicon substrates from a supersonic jet of silver vapor with a helium carrier gas, nanostructured films with a 3−30 nm size of nanostructures are obtained for a 1230−1380 K range of jet source temperatures. The data on Ag–He gas-jet dynamics when it is expanded into vacuum (velocity, temperature, concentration, flux of particles onto a substrate) depending on parameters at the source (vapor temperature, flow rate of a carrier gas) are obtained by the method of direct simulation Monte Carlo. The range of optimal helium flow rates, when the efficiency of a gas-jet source is maximal, is determined. It is established that the presence of a background gas in a deposition chamber at pressure higher than 1 Pa decreases the flow of particles onto a substrate, and a simple way of its evaluation is proposed. Conditions for formation of silver clusters in the jet are determined by using the simulation. It is shown that for experimental deposition regimes there are no clusters in the jet, and the observed silver nanostructures are formed on the substrate surface.
Межфазные напряжения и аномальный вид кривых псевдоупругой деформации в кристаллах сплава Ni-=SUB=-49-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-18-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-27-=/SUB=-Co-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=-, деформированных сжатием в направлении оси [011]-=SUB=-A-=/SUB=-
Authors: Малыгин Г.А. , Николаев В.И. , Крымов В.М. , Пульнев С.А. , Степанов С.И.
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe have performed experimental and theoretical investigation of the anomalous form of the compression diagrams and shape memory restoration curves in Ni_49Fe_18Ga_27Co_6 alloy crystals deformed by uniaxial compression along the [011]_ A crystallographic direction ( A -austenite) in the temperature range of 200–350 K. It is found that in the investigated temperature range, all compression diagrams contain anomalous segments of smooth and sharp decrease in deforming stresses. It is shown that the segments of a smooth decrease in stress are associated with peculiarities in martensite reaction L1_2 → 14M, while segments of a sharp drop are due to instability of martensite reactions 14M → L1_0 and L1_2 → L1_0. A possible source of reaction instability is associated with interfacial stresses at the interfaces between the martensite and austenite phases (lamellas) due to different elastic moduli of contacting phases. The magnitude of these stresses is significant in the case of 14M → L1_0 and L1_2 → L1_0 transformations, which induces a sharp drop of the deforming stress, while the restoration of the shape memory effect is of a burst nature. It is established that the contribution of interfacial stresses to the free energy of martensite transformation is smaller than the dissipative (entropy) contribution to this energy; however, interfacial stresses higher than a certain threshold strongly affect transformation kinetics and, hence, determine the strongly anomalous shape of pseudoelastic deformation curves and burst restoration of the shape memory effect.
Аномалии упругих и неупругих свойств наногранулированных композиционных материалов Co-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-(CaF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-100-x-=/SUB=-
Authors: Тарасов Д.П.
Published: May 2019

AbstractElastic ( G ) and inelastic ( Q ^–1) properties of the Co_ x (CaF_2)_100 –_ x ( x = 41–84 at %) nanocomposites fabricated with the aid of ion-beam sputtering are studied in a temperature interval of 170–750 K. Maximum internal friction related to hopping of Co atoms inside metal granules is revealed at a temperature of 227 K. It is shown that the maxima increase with increasing concentration of metal phase. A noticeable increase in dependence Q ^–1( T ) at a temperature of greater than 675 K is caused by diffusion of vacancies in the Co granules under geometrical confinements.
Генерация второй гармоники от тонкого цилиндрического слоя. II. Анализ решения
Authors: Капшай В.Н. , Шамына А.А.
Published: May 2019

The solution is analyzed for the problem of the second harmonic generation by a plane electromagnetic wave with elliptical polarization from a thin optically nonlinear layer on the surface of a cylindrical particle of finite size. A graphical analysis of the solution is carried out by constructing three-dimensional radiation patterns characterizing the spatial distribution of the second-harmonic radiation power and its polarization. It is found that for small radii of the base of the cylindrical particle, each anisotropy coefficient corresponds to its own individual shape of the radiation pattern. Increasing the height of the cylindrical particle leads to flattening of the radiation pattern. More than 20 mathematical properties of the solution are found, which characterize symmetries of the second harmonic field distribution. Individual properties are illustrated in radiation patterns.
Преимущества и возможности флуоресцентных методов для визуализации апоптоза и аутофагии в опухолевых клетках человека in vitro-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Наволокин Н.А. , Полуконова Н.В. , Мудрак Д.А. , Мыльников А.М. , Барышникова М.А. , Хоченков Д.А. , Бучарская А.Б. , Полуконова А.В. , Маслякова Г.Н.
Published: May 2019

The possibilities of using fluorescent research methods and their advantages for visualization and determination of the type of programmed cell death of human tumor cells under the action of flavonoids in experiments in vitro were investigated. The object of the study were the tumor cells of cervical cancer HeLa and A498 kidney carcinoma, the flavonoid containing extract of hedge hyssop (Gratiola officinalis L.) was used for testing in the experiments. The following fluorescent methods were used: the "living and dead" test with double staining - - iodide propidium and acridine orange, the method of double staining with annexin and iodide propidium. The confirmation of autophagy induction was performed using Muse cell analyzer with fluorescent reagents MuseAutophagy LC3-Antibody Based Kit. The application of fluorescent staining methods using double staining with acridine orange and iodide propidium in the "living and dead" test compared to phase microscopy allows to visualize the formation of apoptotic cells and autophagosomes in cells and, therefore, can serve as one of the methods of evaluation screening of the effectiveness of various chemotherapy drugs.
Определение коэффициента диффузии растворов метиленового синего в дентине зуба человека с помощью спектроскопии отражения и их антибактериальная активность при лазерном воздействии-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Селифонов А.А. , Шаповал О.Г. , Микеров А.Н. , Тучин В.В.
Published: May 2019

The work is devoted to the determination of the diffusion coefficients of methylene blue in pure aqueous solution and in a micellar solution of a cationic surfactant in human tooth dentinal sections in vitro using diffuse reflectance optical spectroscopy and the free diffusion model. The determination of the diffusion coefficient of methylene blue for an aqueous solution is (6.74 ± 1.32) • 10−6 cm2/s and (1.93 ± 0.24) • 10−6 cm2/s for methylene blue in micellar solution. Studies of toxicity in daylight in the absence of laser radiation of methylene blue solutions in water and in solution of cetylpyridinium chloride, as well as the photodynamic effect of laser radiation (662 nm) on cells of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P and Lactobacillus were carried out. The effect of laser radiation has a pronounced suppressive effect on all the studied microbial strains.
Гидродинамические режимы взаимодействия капли топливной вододизельной микроэмульсии с горизонтальной разогретой стенкой
Authors: Ашихмин А.Е. , Пискунов М.В. , Яновский В.А.
Published: May 2019

The study discusses hydrodynamic impact regimes of the water-in-diesel microemulsion fuel drop onto a heated rigid wall. For the drop thermal breakup and rebound regimes, the maps of drop impact parameters were plotted to define the governing relationships between inertia, viscosity and surface tension forces. In addition, the study provides the critical (threshold) Weber and Reynolds numbers corresponding to the transitions between drop thermal breakup and rebound regimes. The findings, from a practical standpoint, can be utilized to supplement knowledge on producing the air-fuel mixture in combustion chambers.
Температурная зависимость характеристик полупроводниковых лазеров с узкими квантовыми ямами спектрального диапазона 1.55 μm на основе бесфосфорных гетероструктур
Authors: Максимов М.В. , Шерняков Ю.М. , Зубов Ф.И. , Новиков И.И. , Гладышев А.Г. , Карачинский Л.Я. , Денисов Д.В. , Рочас С.С. , Колодезный Е.С. , Егоров А.Ю. , Жуков А.Е.
Published: May 2019

The InGaAs/InGaAlAs laser diodes of the 1.55-μm spectral range were studied. It is shown that carbon doping at the level of 1012 cm-2 per quantum well makes it possible in these laser structures to reduce the temperature coefficient of lasing wavelength variation, as well as to increase the characteristic temperatures of the threshold current and differential efficiency in the temperature range from 16°C to about 50°C while simultaneously increasing the threshold density current and reducing the differential efficiency.
Исследование влияния структурных дефектов на спектры фотолюминесценции в n-3C-SiC
Authors: Лебедев А.А. , Никитина И.П. , Середова Н.В. , Полетаев Н.К. , Лебедев С.П. , Козловский В.В. , Зубов А.В.
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL) spectra have been studied in 3 C -SiC/4 H -SiC heterostructures and 3 C ‑SiC single crystals. It was shown that epitaxial 3 C -SiC layers grown on 4 H -SiC substrates have a markedly poorer crystal perfection than do 3 C -SiC single crystals. It was found that doping with aluminum gives rise to a characteristic PL both in epitaxial layers and in 3 C -SiC single crystals. At the same time, the electron irradiation of epitaxial layers does not give rise to defect-related PL, in contrast to what is observed for single crystals. An assumption is made that the twin boundaries existing in epitaxial 3 C -SiC layers can serve as getters of radiation defects that are components of donor–acceptor pairs responsible for the “defect-related” PL.
Деградация и разрушение тонких стальных пленок при многократном воздействии сверхкоротких импульсов THz-излучения
Authors: Чефонов О.В. , Овчинников А.В. , Евлашин С.А. , Агранат М.Б.
Published: May 2019

The investigations upon destruction of thin stainless films under the action of ultrashort pulses of directional terahertz radiation are carried out. The terahertz pulse with duration within several picoseconds in fact simulates non-resonance action on matter of quasi-dc electric field with a high electric field strength (up to 20 MV/cm).
Диэлектрическая спектроскопия пленок VO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-:Ge
Authors: Ильинский А.В. , Кастро Р.А. , Кононов А.А. , Пашкевич М.Э. , Попова И.О. , Шадрин Е.Б.
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe frequency dependencies of complex impedance $$\dot {Z}$$ , dielectric permittivity ε, and dielectric loss tangent tanδ of thin (1400 Å ) films V_1 –_ x Ge_ x O_2 (for x = 0 and 0.03) are studied in the frequency range of 10‒10^6 Hz at 300 K. It is found that, at x = 0, the frequency dependence of tanδ has a maximum at a frequency of 100 kHz, whereas at x = 0.03 an additional maximum in the region of 10 kHz is detected. Also, the Cole–Cole diagram of VO_2:Ge films acquires a feature in the form of an additional semicircle. Owing to the extremely high sensitivity of the dielectric spectroscopy method, the proposed equivalent circuit diagram of the sample allowed detecting the existence of two sets of VO_2 nanocrystallites in the V_0.97Ge_0.03O_2 film, including Ge-doped nanocrystallites and practically nondoped ones.
Selection and Characterization Criteria of Probiotics Intended for Human Use from the Past to the Future
Authors: Sagheddu Valeria , Guidesi Elena , Galletti Serena , Elli Marina
Published: May 2019

The probiotic product consumption has recently increased with the prevalent intent to promote human and animal wellbeing. The complex selection process dealing with new-isolated probiotic candidates is the first challenge that has to be faced. From the isolation to the launch on the market, information about safety, tolerance to host physiological conditions, adhesion properties, genetics and interaction with the host has to be collected. Probiotics must be safe, survive to the exposition to bile salts and to gut transit, adhere to intestinal cells lining and colonize the lumen of the tract. The evaluation process of the possible probiotic health benefits is widely supported by in-vitro assays simulating the in-vivo conditions. The aim of this work is to summarize the classical models usually employed for the probiotic screening by underlying strengths and weaknesses of all models and to present some more recent analysis tools used in the probiotic field. The long term goal in new probiotic candidate selection experiencing these combined essays together would lead to the hypothetical assignment acknowledged as one strain-one function.
Perhitungan Harga Pokok Produksi Batik Cap dengan Metode Activity Based Costing (ABC)
Authors: Ningtyas Jilma Dewi ayu
Published: May 2019

Abstrak Usaha batik adalah usaha yang memproduksi output berupa batik. Pekalongan merupakan kota batik yang terdapat industri batik yang menyebar di seluruh kota/kab pekalongan. Usaha batik memproduksi berbagai macam jenis batik, batasan penelitian ini hanya membatasi produk Batik Cap. Menurut fakta yang terjadi dilapangan usaha batik pekalongan masih menggunakan sistem konvensional atau full costing dimana penentuan harga pokok produksi dengan cara mengumpulkan semua pengeluaran yang telah dikeluarkan selama proses produksi berlangsung kemudian membaginya ke jumlah output yang dihasilkan. Padahal sistem biaya konvensional kurang akurat digunakan untuk menghitung harga pokok produksi. Dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan perhitungan harga pokok produksi batik cap berdasarkan activity based costing. Objek penelitian adalah biaya harga pokok produksi dalam pembuatan batik cap pada Batik Tobal di Pekalongan. Untuk subjek penelitian ini adalah produk batik cap dari usaha Batik Tobal Pekalongan yang beralamat di Jl. Teratai No.24, Klego, Pekalongan Timur, Kota Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah 51123. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan mengkaji lebih dalam perhitungan dengan sistem activity based costing dalam menentukan harga pokok produksi pada usaha kerajinan batik Tobal. Metode Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik Observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan sistem activity based costing dengan dua tahap Berdasarkan penelitian dan pembahasanan penelitian ini maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penentuan harga pokok produksi batik cap pada Batik Tobal dengan perhitungan menggunakan sistem activity based costing sebesar Rp57.470.900,- untuk jumlah unit yang diproduksi 1400 meter jadi untuk harga pokok produksi batik cap permeternya sebesar Rp 41.051,-. Untuk penentuan harga jual biasanya HPP + 30% keuntungan. Apabila dijual per unit dengan ukuran 2 meter maka harga jualnya sekitar Rp 106.732,- per 2 meter.  Dihitung dari (Rp 41.051 x 2 meter) + (30%*(Rp 41.051 x 2 meter))Kata kunci : Harga Jual, Harga Pokok Produksi, Batik Cap, Sistem Activity Based Costing
PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT SANTRI PUTRI PESANTREN X YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Machfutra Eka Denis , Noor Annita , Asropi Asropi , Luxiarti Riantina , Mutmainah Nur Fatihah
Published: May 2019

Pesantren X, a place for female Islamic student’s living in from many districts in Indonesia, has a lot of health issues both personal hygiene and environmental health. Room sanitation as a part of wide environment at Pesantren X was determined by student’s daily activity and their behaviours from one to another. This study aims to identify the conditions of female student’s room as well as their behaviour. This is a qualitative study. The data were collected by in-depth interviews with fi ve female Islamic students. The observation was conducted to describe conditions in female student’s room and surrounded environment. Female Islamic students have a risk to disease transmissions such as scabies, severe acute respiratory infection and other disease symptoms. This study indicated female students’ rooms were densely populated, one room occupied by 12 girls. Moreover, they also had not been taught on how to keep their rooms and beds neat and clean. They thought that Pesantren life is to live what it is. This implied an attitude of ignorance by female Islamic studentsin maintaining the rooms cleanliness. Those attitudes and behaviours have to be changed by Pesantren’s teacher by giving them good examples. By this, students would know, have strong will, and do a hygiene and healthy lifestyle.

Abstrak

Pesantren X, sebagai tempat berkumpulnya para santri dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia, memiliki banyak sekali problematika kesehatan, mulai dari kebersihan diri hingga kebersihan lingkungan. Kebersihan lingkungan di dalam kamar ditentukan oleh kebiasaan sehari-hari santri serta perilaku antara santri satu dengan santri lainnya. Hal tersebut berisiko akan terjadinya sakit dan penyakit, diantaranya kudis, Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) dan berbagai macam gejala penyakit. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi kamar serta kebiasaan santri putri di dalam kamar mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam dan pengamatan (observasi) terhadap 5 (lima) orang santri, di kamar dan ruang-ruang yang bersifat umum. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kamar santri putri dalam keadaan padat karena setiap kamar dihuni oleh 6–8 orang. Santri memiliki kebiasaan  meninggalkan kamarnya dalam keadaan tidak rapi atau berantakan. Selain itu, santri juga belum pernah diajarkan tata cara membersihkan dan menata tempat tidur dan sprei. Santri beranggapan bahwa hidup pesantren itu hidup apa adanya. Hal tersebut menyiratkan sikap semau gue atau tidak peduli dalam hal kebersihan dan kerapian kamar. Oleh karena itu. sikap dan kebiasaan tersebut perlu diubah. Perilaku dapat diubah dengan adanya keteladanan dari pengelola pesantren agar santri putri tahu, mau dan mampu hidup bersih dan sehat .
The Kindergarten Teachers’ Pedagogical Competences: A Case Study
Authors: TARIDI MUHAMAD , DONO AMRIN
Published: May 2019

The study aimed to find out the pedagogical competence of teachers to carry out the interactions of the teaching and learning processes and to assess the development of the cognitive aspects of the children in one Indonesian kindergarten. This study used a qualitative method with the case study tradition. We highlighted the analysis of the data through transcription, coding, and thematic analyses. Findings of the study focused on three major themes including teachers’ competence for planning teaching and learning programs (planning activities for teaching and learning processes and care and protection programs), teacher competence in implementing interaction or managing teaching and learning processes (learning from various resources and doing evaluation on the method used in teaching), and teachers’ competence for conducting learning assessment and evaluation (test assessment and evaluation and non-test assessment and evaluation). Some recommendations for the betterment of Indonesian kindergarten education are proposed.
Velfærdssamfundets krise – kommunerne, den offentlige velfærd og borgernes sikkerhed
Authors: Henrichsen Carsten
Published: May 2019

Stik mod hvad man ellers måtte forvente om det lille ”smørhul”, Danmark gerne opfattes som, går udviklingen imod forringede vilkår for samfundets mest udsatte. Socialpolitikken som et af velfærdsstatens kendemærker er blevet erstattet af beskæftigelsespolitik som et udtryk for den transformation af statsstyret til en konkurrencestat, som nogle ser som et grundvilkår for nutidens samfundsstyre. Servicestaten – som et andet nyere udtryk for denne statsform – forbeholdes dem, der med deres arbejdskraft kan og vil bidrage til samfundets opretholdelse, hvis den da ikke – med sine tilbud om beskæftigelse, integration og uddannelse – påtvinges borgere, der har svært ved at indordne sig under samfundets normer. Tilbage står en velfærdsstat for middelstanden, mens den sociale kontrakt er mere eller mindre brudt for samfundets mest udsatte. Med den foreliggende artikel søges hovedtrækkene af denne udvikling kortlagt, idet der herudover særligt fokuseres på kommunernes rolle i udviklingen og – som et spejlbillede heraf – på borgernes retssikkerhed. Det konkluderes, at kommunerne ofte – og trods stor politisk opmærksomhed og lejlighedsvise statsfinansielle indsatser – spiller hasard med borgernes retssikkerhed i et forsøg på at få budgetterne til at balancere. Hertil kommer en fragmenteret lovgivning, som gør det vanskeligt for kommunerne at levere en sammenhængende indsats over for de udsatte borgeres ofte komplekse problemer. Samtidig underlægges borgerne et omfattende kontrolregime, der skal sikre mod tilfælde af socialbedrageri, foruden at borgernes protester mod den kommunale sagsbehandling mødes med skærpede sanktioner. Det kan ses som udtryk for en velfærdssamfundets krise, som kalder på en politisk kursændring, hvis ikke den skal føre til mere alvorlige reaktioner mod samfundets bærende institutioner.
Sustainable Livelihood of Fonae Fishermen in The Koloray Island
Authors: Abubakar Jufri , Ndoen Ma L.
Published: May 2019

Speculative haul affect the livelihood of fishermen. This uncertainty is caused by fishing in the cacth season, and fisheries resources that have open access. The subject of this study is focused on fonae fishermen in Koloray island. The aim of this reaserch is to understand the efforts of fonae fishermen to maintain sustainable livelihood in Koloray island. Using ethnographic method, this research shows that local wisdom and social capital are the efforts of fonae fishermen to maintain their sustainable livelihood. Environmentally friendly fishing gear such as fonae boat, rumpon and huhate is fisherman's wisdom to protect natural resources so that they can be utilized continuously. Meanwhile, bridging capital between fonae fishermen and linking capital between different community is to social sustainability