bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vasuclar density mapping in AD mice with Super-resolution-resolved MION-based MRI
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqing , Liu Xiaochen , Li Hongwei , Hike David , Reilly Charles , Mohammed Sohail , Lin Changrun , Rosen Matthew , Iglesias Juan Eugenio , Yu Xin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Altered angiogenesis is reported to be a key feature of vascular perturbation in AD brains. Goal(s): There is missing global mapping tool to investigate the brain-wide vascular distribution pattern changes due to degenerative pathogenesis in AD brains. Approach: Here, we applied the pre-trained 3D U-net to super-resolve iron-particle (MION)-based CBV images from 75µm to 37.5 µm. Results: By performing voxel-wise differential vascular density mapping analysis, we have revealed AD-specific vascular distribution changes from in vivo MION-based MRI images. Impact: We developed an ultra-high resolution MION-based vascular density mapping method to verify the altered brain-wide vascular distribution pattern in AD mice. Using a pre-trained 3D U-net neural network, we can produce vascular maps with super-resolved 37.5µm isotropic resolution.
In-vivo Magnetization Transfer neuroimaging at 46 mT
Authors: Lena Beatrice , O'Reilly Thomas , Webb Andrew
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Here, we exploited the Low SAR in low-field MRI to study magnetization transfer (MT) , and potential to enhance brain tissue contrast, in particular between white and gray matter (challenging at low-field). Goal(s): The study aimed to identify suitable MT settings and explore MT contrast in-vivo at 46 mT. Approach: MT settings were optimized to minimize direct saturation and maximize MT contrast. With this setup, we scanned five volunteers at 46 mT and acquired additional 3T scans for two participantsResults: Optimal MT settings were defined in the phantom and in-vivo scans demonstrated the expected MT effects, and improved tissue contrast at 46 mT. Impact: Magnetization transfer could be achieved off-resonance in-vivo at low-field MRI. It improves brain tissue contrast, in particular between white matter and gray matter, and has minimal direct saturation.
An elliptic-bore low-field portable Halbach magnet with full-length gradient support
Authors: Galve Fernando , Pallás Eduardo , Guallart-Naval Teresa , García-Cristóbal Pablo , Algarín José Miguel , Bosch Rubén
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To build a truly portable MRI scanner for neurological and MSK applications, optimized for field homogeneity and FoV size compared to standard Halbach configurations. Goal(s): To explore elliptic-bore magnets to improve the field homogeneity and remove constraints to the extent of the gradient coils typical of Halbach magnets. Approach: We have optimized a tightly-packed distribution of magnetic Nd2Fe14B cubes with differential evolution algorithm, and a second array of shimming magnets with interior point and differential evolution methods. Results: We have built a 10 & 14 cm radii elliptic magnet with 87.4 mT@5700 ppm in a 10 cm radius FoV. Impact: Elliptic-bore Halbach magnets enhance the ergonomicity and field distribution of low-costportable MRI scanners, while allowing for full-length gradient support to increase the FoV. Thisgeometry can be potentially adapted for a prospective low-cost whole-body technology.
Synthesising 3T DWI from ultra-low-field (64mT) acquisitions using generative diffusion models
Authors: Sun Hongfu , Islam Kh Tohidul , Barth Markus , Chen Zhaolin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Diffusion-weighted Imaging (DWI) at very-low fields like the 0.064 Tesla Hyperfine Swoop is limited by low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), impeding clinical application. Goal(s): This study aims to enhance DWI at such low fields by creating synthetic high-field images using pre-trained neural networks. Approach: The Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DPM), an advanced generative AI, will be trained on high-quality 3T DWI images to learn their distribution. Low-field DWI images guide the DPM to conditionally synthesize high-quality images. Results: With a well-trained DPM, we aim to produce high-quality, synthetic 3T-like DWI images that mirror the original low-field ones, bypassing the need for paired training data. Impact: The method enhances DWI image quality at very-low field strength in an unsupervised manner, eliminating the need for paired high-field and low-field data, thus expanding training data availability. Zero-shot image reconstruction enhances its generalizability for diverse tasks.
Effect of the RF shield-to-coil distance on coil efficiency for a 46 mT Halbach-based point-of-care MRI system
Authors: Parsa Javad , Webb Andrew
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Inner-Shield in Halbach-array magnet effect RF coil transmit efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR). With this, finding a good trade of between magnet diameter and SNR is important. Goal(s): Find the proper magnet diameter with respect to the RF coil transmit efficiency. Approach: Simulations of the transmit efficiency of three RF coils used for neuroimaging on a 46 mT Halbach-array point-of-care MRI system have been performed in terms of analyzing the coil to RF shield distance located inside the magnet. Results: Results show that a distance of 1 cm results in a 50% lower transmit/receive efficiency than a 3 cm gap. Impact: This means that slightly larger magnets may have higher signal-to-noise even though the B0 field is lower.
Instrument Power Monitoring Analysis of Commercial Point-of-Care MR in Resource-Constrained Healthcare Settings: Initial Feasibility
Authors: Sandhu Sukhmani , Crosby Luke , Hamill Natalie , Tailor Dave , Nguyen Vivian , Ragunathan Sudarshan , Georgiadis John , Kawaji Keigo
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The 64mT Hyperfine Swoop (Hyperfine Inc. Guilford CT) is a first-of-kind point-of-care (POC) commercial system to allow ‘patient-to-scanner’ imaging. Goal(s): We report an independent technical benchmark analysis of this system’s power consumption in this study (pass-through measures of W, kWh, and A). Approach: Performance benchmarks of MR systems power consumption was measured per-pulse sequence using consumer-grade instrumentation under continuous monitoring. Custom acquisition protocol using two portable 120VAC NEMA-standard power banks were examined. Results: A look-up benchmark table of empirical surge current draw (with 120VAC), its implicit advisory, and a potentially viable protocol run example without 'wall' i.e. via stand-alone power supply are reported. Impact: POC-MR Instrumentation power benchmark considerations on a per-pulse-sequence power consumption basis provide key insights into protocol deployment, scheduling, and optimal scan resource management considerations in resource-limited settings. Successful pulse sequence protocol implementation with under resource-limited setting was also demonstrated.
On the Extension of MARIE Coil Simulation to Low Frequencies and Arbitrarily Fine Meshes
Authors: Serralles Jose , Giannakopoulos Ilias , Lattanzi Riccardo
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Accurate and precise simulation of low field MR, as well as simulation of high field MR with arbitrary granularity. Goal(s): To assess and address the limitations in the Magnetic Resonance Integral Equation (MARIE) suite that prevent successful low field simulation. Approach: We achieved these goals using a number of numerical analysis techniques, such as Taylor series approximations and Kahan summation. Results: We successfully identified and addressed the limitations of MARIE, which we attributed to catastrophic loss of numerical precision. In doing so, we enabled low frequency and fine mesh simulation. Impact: Low field and detailed simulation of coils would enable many applications, such as coil optimization, synthetic generation of MR data for machine learning algorithms, computational pulse sequence optimization, accurate safety assessments in simulation, among many other applications.
An evaluation method for encoding capability of rSEM with non-linear gradients and its application to angle selection
Authors: Yang Junqi , Jiang Yifeng , Liang Tingou , Huang Shao Ying , Yu Wenwei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: For non-linear encoding technology for portable MRI, the evaluation of encoding capability is by checking the image quality, which is time-consuming and hard to integrate into an optimization process. Goal(s): Here, we aim to propose a fast evaluation method for the encoding capability of rotational spatial encoding magnetic field (rSEM). Approach: The filling factor of local k-spaces is proposed to evaluate the encoding capability of an rSEM with non-linear gradients. Results: The proposed evaluation of encoding capability is fast and agrees with the resultant image quality. It was used for angle selections to accelerate imaging, showing improved image quality experimentally. Impact: A rapid evaluation method for the encoding capability of rSEMs with non-linear gradients is validated using simulation and experimental data. It allows fast evaluations of SEMs without checking the image quality in a design process, which accelerate the optimization.
Short T2* imaging in a portable and low-field MRI scanner
Authors: Algarín José Miguel , Guallart-Naval Teresa , Borreguero José , Galve Fernando , Alonso Joseba
Published: November 2024

Motivation: We have previously demonstrated the versatility of a portable 72mT extremity MRI scanner. Hard tissue imaging would enhance the system’s potential, but this remains to be demonstrated in low-field systems (<0.1T)Goal(s): To explore the possibility of imaging samples with T2*<1ms, comparable to those bone or ligament. Approach: We programmed a PETRA sequence into the MaRCoS opens-source console, and we compared images of short and long T2* samples resulting from PETRA and Spin Echo. Results: Image reconstructions show that samples with T2* as low as 800us can be successfully imaged with PETRA in conditions where Spin Echo outputs mostly noise. Impact: By successfully capturing signals from short T2* tissues, our research enhances our 72mT portable MRI scanner utility designed for extremity imaging.
SNAC-DL: Self-Supervised Network for Adaptive Convolutional Dictionary Learning of MRI Denoising
Authors: Janjusevic Nikola , Pei Haoyang , Keerthivasan Mahesh , Sood Terlika , Bruno Mary , Maier Christoph , Sodickson Daniel , Chandarana Hersh , Wang Yao , Feng Li
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Low-Field MR (LF-MRI) offers greater accessibility and reduced sensitivity to susceptibility artifacts, but it suffers from low SNR. As a result, novel denoising techniques hold great promise to improve image quality and promote broader clinical applications of LF-MRI. Goal(s): This work introduces a novel MRI denoising technique that is based on self-supervised deep learning without requiring high SNR references. Approach: Our technique, called SNAC-DL, employs a Self-supervised Network for Adaptive Convolutional Dictionary Learning using a complex-valued coil-to-coil ($\mathbb{C}$C2C) training strategy. Results: SNAC-DL has been tested for lung MRI denoising at 0.55T to demonstrate efficient denoising while preserving the underlying image structure. Impact: The proposed denoising technique holds significant potential to improve image quality for LF-MRI. This is expected to facilitate the broad adoption of LF-MRI to improve cost-effectiveness and enable new clinical applications that are traditionally challenging at high field strengths.
Assessment of Glymphatic Function in Acute High Altitude Reaction: by diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS)
Authors: Guo Ya , Bao HaiHua , Wen Shengbao , Tao Tao , Long Changyou , Xiang Shaoxin , Yang Yuxin , He Shipei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space(DTI-ALPS) is a novel non-invasive assessment of the activity of the human brain's lymphoid system, which is currently being used to assess the function of the lymphoid system in patients with acute high altitude reaction(AHAR). Goal(s): To evaluate the activity of the glymphatic system in patients with AHAR using DTI-ALPS, and explore the relationship between lymphoid function and disease severity. Approach: Recruited 5 patients with AHAR and calculated ALPS index, Pearson correlation analysis were used for evaluating relationship between ALPS index and diagnostic scoring. Results: There was a significant correlation between DTI-ALPS and disease scores(r=-0.964 P=0.005). Impact: DTI-ALPS is a novel non-invasive assessment of the activity of the human brain's lymphoid system, which is currently being used to assess the function of the lymphoid system in patients with AHAR.
Robust frequency-dependent diffusional kurtosis computation using an efficient direction scheme, axisymmetric modelling and regularization
Authors: Hamilton Jake , Xu Kathy , Geremia Nicole , Prado Vania , Prado Marco , Brown Arthur , Baron Corey
Published: November 2024

Motivation: While diffusion MRI has proven to be valuable for studying tissue microstructure, there is a need to develop more sensitive and specific methods to detect microstructural changes at various spatial scales. Goal(s): To develop an acquisition and analysis scheme that can robustly compute frequency-dependent diffusional kurtosis metrics. Approach: Acquisition parameters such as a novel efficient direction scheme were presented along with an analysis pipeline that utilizes axisymmetric modelling, spatial regularization, and maximizes data usage. Results: We demonstrate the advantage of using the efficient scheme over conventional methods, and the analysis pipeline improves diffusional kurtosis map quality compared to conventionally used methods. Impact: We present an acquisition and analysis scheme that generates robust frequency-dependent diffusional kurtosis maps, which may offer increased sensitivity to cytoarchitectural changes that occur at various cellular spatial scales over the course of healthy aging, and due to pathological alterations.
Assessment of pathological prognostic factors in rectal cancer: comparison of DWI, IVIM, and DKI
Authors: Zhou Mi , Chen Meining , Zhang Qin , Huang Hongyun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The prognosis of rectal cancer (RC), depends on pathological prognostic factors. Despite the contributions of MRI, accurate preoperative prediction of these factors remains challenging. Goal(s): Evaluate the values of DWI, IVIM, and DKI in predicting RC’s pathological prognostic factors. Approach: In 162 rectal cancer patients, we compared DWI, IVIM, and DKI MRI techniques to predict EMVI, LNM, and histological differentiation, analyzing correlations with histological data. Results: MK was identified as a powerful predictor, especially for histological differentiation and LNM. The combine of MK+MD exhibited robust potential to predict EMVI, highlighting the diagnostic values of these models for rectal cancer prognosis. Impact: This research enhances MRI's predictive capabilities for critical rectal cancer prognostic factors, potentially refining treatment planning and improving the prognosis of patients.
Value of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MRI in evaluating endometrial receptivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Shao Wenhui , Cao Yuwei , Qu Feifei , Wu Feiyun , Chen Ting
Published: November 2024

Motivation: This study evaluated endometrial receptivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) impacting embryo implantation and pregnancy outcomes. Goal(s): The primary objectives were to evaluate endometrial receptivity by measuring uterine junctional zone (UJZ) and myometrium parameters and to explore the correlation between these imaging parameters and hormonal levels. Approach: Using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), the study measured the quantitative parameters of the UJZ and myometrium in women with PCOS. Results: Patients with PCOS had lower UJZ and myometrium f values than controls, indicating reduced perfusion affecting embryo implantation. A positive correlation with free thyroxine levels was observed. Impact: Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging is vital in assessing endometrial receptivity. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome had lower f values of the uterine junctional zone and myometrium than controls, suggesting less blood perfusion, which might be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping for characterization of renal tissue pathology in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
Authors: Schumacher Karl , Prince Martin , Wang Yi , Dimov Alexey
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Current MRI-based approaches for assessment of the complications related to the ADPKD (hemorrhage and calcifications) suffer from low specificity due to the complex and nonlinear dependence of T1/T2 relaxation times on tissue composition. Goal(s): The aim of this study is to assess QSM as an enrichment biomarker suited for unambiguous differentiation of various complex ADPKD cysts. Approach: We perform a cross-sectional study in ADPKD subjects categorizing complex cysts based on their appearance on QSM and assessing their prevalence in patient population. Results: The results of our imaging study demonstrate that QSM can provide complimentary characterization of cyst composition and visualize calcifications within kidneys. Impact: Our results indicate that QSM can identify unique susceptibility properties of complex cysts unattainable with traditional imaging approaches, which may serve as an enrichment biomarker for ADPKD progression and the development of cyst complications.
Noninvasive Evaluation of Renal Oxygenation by BOLD-MRI - Comparison between Patients with Primary Aldosteronism and Healthy Controls
Authors: Wen Deying , Yue Xun , Qiu Yue , Peng Pengfei , Zhang Miaoqi , Zhang Bo , Sun Jiayu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To observe the renal oxygenation in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). Goal(s): To explore the renal oxygenation in patients with PA by blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) compared with healthy controls (HCs). Approach: A total of 40 participants were included and underwent renal BOLD-MRI. The correlation between renal BOLD parameters and clinical indicators was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis or Spearman correlation analysis. A ROC curve was used to distinguish the PA patients and HCs. Results: The cortical R2* of the PA patients was higher than that of the HCs, suggesting that the cortices of PA patients were relative hypoxia. Impact: Our results suggested that BOLD-MRI could detect the oxygenation level of the renal cortex and medulla of PA patients and may have the potential to noninvasively assess renal status.
Prediction of histopathologic grades of bladder cancer with radiomics based on MRI: comparison with traditional MRI
Authors: li longchao , zhang li
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Setting up a noninvasive and accurate method to predict tumor grade preoperatively is urgently needed. However, the comparison between the potential of the bpMRI-based radiomics model and that of traditional MRI model in estimating the grade of BCa have not yet been investigated. Goal(s): The purpose of this study was to construct a radiomics model based on bp-MRI for the preoperative prediction of BCa grade and compare it with traditional MRI model. Approach: A logistic regression classifier was used to develop the radiomics signatures. Results: Radiomics model was outperformed the traditional MRI model in distinguishing high-grade and low-grade bladder cancer. Impact: The bp-MRI radiomics model was useful in distinguishing high-grade and low-grade bladder cancer. Radiomics model was outperformed the traditional MRI model.
Pulmonary function in sarcoidosis: Comparison between matrix pencil decomposition MRI at 0.55T and lung function tests
Authors: Pradella Maurice , Breit Hanns-Christian , Bieri Oliver , Bach Michael , Bremerich Jens , Hostettler Katrin , Bauman Grzegorz
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease in particular affecting lung tissue, thus there is a need for non-invasive and ionizing radiation free technique to assess regional lung function. Goal(s): To examine correlations between functional lung MRI and pulmonary lung function tests in patients with sarcoidosis. Approach: Lung ventilation and perfusion was assessed using matrix pencil decomposition MRI at a low-field 0.55T MR-scanner in sarcoidosis patients and a control group of healthy volunteers. Conventional lung function tests in patients were performed with spirometry and body plethysmography. Results: Strong correlations between the functional lung MRI and the metrics from conventional pulmonary function tests were observed. Impact: To our knowledge, this is the first study focused on the evaluation of lung function using MRI in sarcoidosis patients. Our results support the use of MRI as a non-invasive diagnostic tool to assess lung function in patients with sarcoidosis.
Quantitative Lung T1 and T2* Mapping with Upright 0.5T MR: investigating the effect of gravity on lung regions under low-field strength
Authors: Sobhan Rashed , Mougin Olivier , Gowland Penny
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Quantitative lung parametric mapping can characterise morphometric and functional changes in pulmonary disorders. Higher field lung-MRIs suffer from field inhomogeneity, and supine MRI does not replicate physiology during daily tasks and is not suitable for some lung patients. Goal(s): Use low-field, upright-MR, quantify T1 and T2* of different lung regions and investigate how gravity impacts these parameters while seated. Approach: A 0.5T ASG MROpen scanner was used to acquire breath-hold images using multi-TE GE (T2*) and variable flip angle method (T1); linear regression extracted the relaxation times. Results: Although supine position showed similar T1 and T2*, gravity incurred a cranial-caudal gradient while seated. Impact: Our low-field, upright-MR parametric mapping mitigates the limitations of higher-field lung-MRI and explores how relaxations change with gravity. Using the proposed methods, clinicians can characterise pathologies like COPD as well as get crucial functional information of lungs during diurnal postures.
Measurement of in vivo T2* of inhaled perfluoropropane gas and its dependence on lung microstructure.
Authors: Harrison Dominic , Neal Mary , Thelwall Pete
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The T2* of inhaled perfluoropropane gas is determined by lung microstructure due to its dependence on the magnetic susceptibility of airway and tissue components, granting the potential to report on lung pathophysiology. Goal(s): To implement a robust measurement of the T2* of inhaled perfluoropropane, to lead to early detection of structural alterations from lung pathologies. Approach: We’ve acquired spatially localized 19F-MRS T2* measurements of perfluoropropane in healthy volunteers at different inhalation depths. Results: We observed a 12% variation in T2* between maximum and minimum inhalation, demonstrating T2*’s sensitivity to physiological change, and potential for early detection of microstructural change associated with lung disease. Impact: A spatially localized measurement of perfluoropropane T2* has sensitivity to change in lung microstructure due to physiological change. These data show the potential of 19F-MRI to report on pathology-driven microstructural change, which may allow for early detection of lung disease.
Adaptation of lung mechanics during constrained breathing using 3D MRI spirometry
Authors: Duwat Adrien , Barrau Nathalie , Reitmann Anna , Nemeth Angéline , Beurnier Antoine , Boucneau Tanguy , Pellot-Baraka Claire , Lebon Vincent , Maître Xavier
Published: November 2024

Motivation: New mechanical biomarkers to characterize lung pathophysiology using 3D MR spirometry.Goal(s): To investigate the dynamics of lung elongations along the three anatomical directions when the lungs are constrained during breathing.Approach: 3D MR spirometry was performed in 25 healthy volunteers spontaneously breathing and in a healthy volunteer for three types of breathing (spontaneous, thoracic, diaphragmatic). Results: The main respiratory driving force is produced by the diaphragm as it is assessed here with a dominant superior-inferior normal strain in basal pulmonary regions. In spontaneous breathing, it is supplemented mainly by the anterior-posterior normal strain in the apical regions. Impact: Dynamic normal strains are original mechanical biomarkers that provide new insight on the regional anisotropic behaviour of the lungs.
Acute disease severity is associated with increased pulmonary perfusion transit times at follow-up in male patients hospitalised with COVID-19.
Authors: Saunders Laura , Hughes Paul , Thompson A. A. , Brook Martin , Capener David , Wain Louise , Evans Rachael , Brightling Christopher , Group C-MORE/PHOSP-COVID Collaborative , Neubauer Stefan , Raman Betty , Wild Jim
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Perfusion disturbances can be observed up to a year after acute COVID-19 infection. Goal(s): Evaluate the relationship between pulmonary perfusion and sex, age and disease severity in patients hospitalised due to COVID-19. Approach: 198 patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 were recruited from 13 centres as part of the C-MORE study. 3T dynamic contrast enhanced lung perfusion imaging was acquired at follow-up. Results: Men previously hospitalised with severe COVID-19 showed increased pulmonary mean transit time (MTT) and more heterogenous pulmonary MTT at follow up compared to men with less severe disease. Disease severity was not associated with increased MTT at follow up in women. Impact: Dynamic contrast enhanced lung perfusion imaging can identify prolonged pulmonary transit times in patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 and demonstrates that at patient follow-up pulmonary perfusion depends on patient sex, age and, in male patients, acute disease severity.
Multi-Site Harmonization of Xe-129 MRI of Gas-Exchange & Ventilation: Clinical Study with E-Cigarette Users
Authors: Mata Jaime , Mugler John , Driehuys Bastiaan , Mummy David , MacLeod Jamie , Shim Yun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Study on the effects of e-cigarette use is needed to understand its damaging effects on the pulmonary system. Goal(s): Anticipating a need for multi-center clinical trials in the future this study, performed for the first time, studied the repeatability of Xe-129 gas-exchange MRI of the same subjects at two centers. Approach: Same subjects were imaged at University of Virginia and Duke University to directly assess technique harmonization and repeatability of Xe-129 metrics. Results: Note the statistically insignificant differences for each subject, for ventilation and gas-exchange, with signal-to-noise ratio for ventilation scans being the only statistically significant parameter (p=0.027) to differ between the sites. Impact: Harmonization of Xe-129 MRI gas-exchange and ventilation imaging methodology among the two sites was successfully achieved, opening the way for a large clinical trial with these two institutions.
Pulmonary functional imaging for patients with obstructive lung disease using UTE MRI
Authors: Fan Li , Li Jie , Xia Yi , Wu Pu-Yeh , Xu Meiling , Sun Guangyuan , Liu Shiyuan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using single breath-hold UTE MRI to quantify pulmonary function and its spatial uniformity in patients with obstructive lung disease. Goal(s): Comparison of FV in patients with different respiratory stages and correlation with PFTs. Approach: FV map was obtained from UTE MRI, and IQR of FV was calculated. Group differences of UTE parameters were compared, and correlation between UTE MRI with PFT parameters was assessed. Results: We found significant differences in whole lung FV and left lung FV among groups, with a positive correlation between FV and PFT parameters such as FEV1 and MMEF. Impact: This study demonstrates the potential of UTE MRI for assessing pulmonary function in obstructive lung disease patients. By providing regional functional information, UTE MRI might be a useful tool in lung disease management.
Regional gray matter atrophy mediates white matter hyperintensity-induced cognitive decline following carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Wang Tianhong , Wang Shuaiwen , Zhuang Xin , Li Jianlin , Guo Shunlin , Lei Junqiang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To reveal the underlying neuroimaging pathology mechanisms of cognitive impairment in patients with delayed neurologic sequelae (DNS) following carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Goal(s): To investigate the relationship among white matter hyperintensities (WMH), gray matter (GM) volume and cortical thickness alteration, and cognitive impairment severities in patients with DNS following CO poisoning. Approach: Clinical retrospective observational studyResults: The DNS patients with dementia (DNS-D) group showed more severe GM atrophy and higher WMH load than those with mild cognitive impairment (DNS-MCI) group. Reduced GM volume in 16 subregions of the bilateral prefrontal, left occipital, bilateral temporal, and cerebellar regions mediated the WMH-induced cognitive decline. Impact: Using the neuroimaging methods to explore the pathophysiological mechanism of DNS with cognitive impairment could provide a theoretical basis for exploring new therapeutic approaches. Our results provide preliminary evidence that the role of regional GM atrophy in WMH-induced cognitive decline.
The effect of shift working on workers brain morphometric changes from a voxel-wise comparison
Authors: Kim Sungmin , Kim Dohyeon , Jang Wonpil , Kim Cheol-woon , Lee Wanhyung , Choi Joon Yul
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Compared to non-shift workers, shift workers are more likely to be at risk for accidents due to decreased performance, attention to work, and concentration. Goal(s): We aim to examine the health effects of shift work from a neuroscientific perspective. Approach: T1w-MPRAGEs were utilized to generate VBM maps to investigate regional volumetric changes between shift and non-shift workers. GLM was created to compare VBM between two groups. Results: The cerebellum region was found to be significantly larger in non-shift work compared to shift work while shift workers had larger volume of the inferior parietal region compared to non-shift workers. Impact: In this study, our aim was to examine the neuroscientific evidence explaining various health issues among shift workers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate structural differences between shift and non-shift workers.
Visualization of Human Brain Cortical Layers Using Quantitative Parameter Mapping on a 3 Tesla Scanner
Authors: Kanazawa Yuki , Taniguchi Yo , Harada Masafumi , Ito Kosuke , Bito Yoshitaka
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To observe the cortical layer in detail using MRI. Goal(s): To evaluate the visualization of cortical layers in humans using quantitative parameter mapping (QPM)-MRI. Approach: Using T1, T2, and R1·R2* derived from QPM-MRI, each measured value in the motor cortex and the putamen was compared. Additionally, the line profile curves of the cortex for R1, R2* and R1·R2* images were plotted. Results: There are significant differences between the motor cortex and the putamen in T1 and T2* (P < 0.05). Visualization using R1·R2* leads to emphasis on the susceptibility effect of iron and myelin in addition to T1 differences. Impact: Visualization using R1·R2* derived from QMP-MRI leads to emphasis on the susceptibility effect of iron and myelin in addition to T1 differences based on myelin content in the cortex.
Strategized Replication: Exploring Inconsistencies in QSM-Based Studies of Brain Iron in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Salman Fahad , Bergsland Niels , Dwyer Michael , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Zivadinov Robert , Schweser Ferdinand
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Contradicting evidence exists on thalamic iron alterations in multiple sclerosis, with most studies using susceptibility measurements reporting lower (susceptibility) iron but one study reporting higher. Goal(s): To investigate if the study reporting higher thalamic susceptibility can be reproduced. Approach: We matched demographics and clinical characteristics to the original study (higher susceptibility) and employed six QSM pipelines (two background field removal and three inversion algorithms). Results: Using the original study's pipeline, thalamic and putamen susceptibility was 8ppb (p=0.046) and 1ppb higher in patients, respectively. GP (-7 ppb) and caudate (-1 ppb) showed lower susceptibilities. Consistent group-differences with varying p-values were observed with each pipeline. Impact: This study was able to attribute inconsistencies in observed thalamic (susceptibility) iron alterations to the clinical and demographic characteristics of the studied cohort and provided support for the notion that study outcomes are comparable between different QSM pipelines.
Quantitative Myelin Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis Using Multi-Inversion Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting
Authors: Lin Yingying , Chan Koon Ho , Mak Ka Fung Henry , Yau Krystal Xiwing , Cao Peng
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Myelin water imaging is a potential tool for observing demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). Goal(s): Using a rapid multiple inversion recovery (mIR) magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) with multiple compartment analysis identified white matter (WM) lesions and evaluated the severity of demyelination by calculating the MWF in WM. Approach: This is a prospective study. Myelin water fraction (MWF) from mIR-MRF of WM in healthy control (HC), normal appear WM in MS patient, and WM lesion in MS patient were calculated. Results: The sensitivity of MWF map on identifying WM lesions was 100%. MWF was statistical difference between MS patient and HC. Impact: The myelin water fraction map achieved from mIR MRF was comparable to FLAIR and MPRAGE in identifying white matter lesions with 100% sensitivity and provided additional insights into the demyelination process of MS.
Imaging the brain with multiple sclerosis using 3D CUBE CEST MRI at clinical 3T
Authors: Huang Jianpan , Lin Yingying , Cao Peng , Lee Chia-Wei , Wang Ziyan , Cai Pei , Lee Chi Yan , Bae Kyongtae Ty , Mak Henry KF , Chan Kannie WY , Chan Koon Ho
Published: November 2024

Motivation: CEST MRI is a molecular imaging technique that has potential to image the changes of lipids and proteins during demyelination in human brain with multiple sclerosis (MS). Goal(s): We aimed to explored the sensitivity of different CEST contrasts in differentiating MS brain from healthy control (HC) brain at 3T. Approach: CEST MRI based on a 3D CUBE acquisition module was applied to image the brain of MS patients and HC subjects at a clinical 3T scanner. Results: CEST MRI could sensitively identify MS from HC. Amide CEST, rNOE and MT showed significantly lower signals in the MS brain compared to HC brain. Impact: This study demonstrated the alterations in CEST contrasts in the human brain with multiple sclerosis using a clinical 3T MRI. It provides valuable insights for the clinical application of CEST MRI in diagnosing multiple sclerosis.
Computing myelin and axonal volume fractions in gray and white matters and g-ratio map using multiple-inversion MRF and NODDI
Authors: Lin Yingying , Chan Koon Ho , Mak Ka Fung Henry , Yau Krystal Xiwing , Cao Peng
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Multiple sclerosis effect both white matter and gray matter. Goal(s): Using mIR-MRF with NODDI to generate myelin water fraction map, g-ratio map, and axonal volume fraction gray matter map. Approach: White matter, gray matter, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and myelin water fraction (MWF) map were generated by mIR MRF. NODDI was used to divide each voxel into isotropic (Viso) and anisotropically restricted volume fraction (Vic) map. These maps were used to generate the g-ratio and AVF-gm map. Results: The WM lesions were in consistency within FLAIR and MWF but have a variance in g-ratio maps. AVF-gm map depicted the axonal fiber in GM well. Impact: The mIR MRF with NODDI could provide insight of demyelination, axonal loss and the change in GM of MS.
Volume isotropic 3D myelin weighted Imaging using broadband IR-prepared FLORET UTE: comparison with myelin water fraction
Authors: Azuma Minako , Enzaki Masahiro , Yoneyama Masami , Robison Ryan , Kadota Yoshihito , Matsumura Kengo
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Myelin water fraction (MWF) is a promising method for quantitative evaluation of myelin in the brain. FLORET MR bone imaging using UTE sequences has possibility to show brain myelin structure because myelin also has quite short T2 relaxation times. Goal(s): To demonstrate the feasibility of FLORET MyelinVIEW in comparison with MWF. Approach: We evaluated the FLORET MyelinVIEW and MWF based on the distribution of myelin in the brain structures. Results: FLORET MyelinVIEW may be useful for evaluating the distribution of myelin. Impact: FLORET MyelinVIEW showed comparable distribution of brain myelin to MWF, it may be useful to visualize the myelin distribution with the 3D isotropic images.
An Accessible Toolbox for MR Spectroscopy Data Extraction and Analysis with Optimization for Diabetes Patients
Authors: Wang Han-Wei , Chung Meng-Chen , Tsai Cheng-Han , Chen Kevin , Shih Tiffany
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Offline MR spectroscopy (MRS) analyses are limited by proprietary software on the console. Goal(s): This study proposes a novel MATLAB-based toolbox to process the scanner-derived MRS raw data offline. Approach: Functions in the proposed toolbox were programmed to efficiently perform MRS data extraction, peak detection in the spectral data, and Lorentzian curve fitting to provide a noiseless spectrum. Results: With the toolbox, raw MRS data can be utilized offline; clinically relevant metabolites whose peaks were originally obscured in console-derived spectra can now be clearly resolved. Impact: The development of a MATLAB toolbox for MRS data processing streamlines access to valuable MRS information and enhances peak detection, thus potentially increasing the utility and accessibility of MRS clinically and providing medical practitioners with more diagnostic information.
Serine de novo synthesis in glioma patients studied through 13C isotopomer analysis
Authors: Pichumani Kumar , Ijare Omkar , Bachoo Robert , Maher Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The TCGA database reveals that gliomas exhibit the presence of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), a crucial enzyme in the generation of serine through de novo biosynthesis. Goal(s): Our objective was to measure the serine biosynthesis flux in glioma patients. Approach: We used 13C-glucose intravenous infusion during the surgical resection and 13C isotopomer analysis to track serine biosynthesis in patients. Results: We detected 19.2% ± 6.5% of serine biosynthetic flux relative to lactate production and the generation of glycine to produce one-carbon units in both low-grade gliomas and GBMs. Impact: These results indicate that targeting serine de novo synthesis may be of therapeutic value. We are currently working on developing PHGDH knockdown cell line from a GBM patient to test the effects of serine synthesis on cellular viability.
Evaluate the effects of software on repeatability and reproducibility in brain volume measurements
Authors: Dong Ruifeng , Nayak Amritha , Pierpaoli Carlo
Published: November 2024

Motivation: MRI-based brain volumetry is a valuable tool to assess human brain development and brain disorders. However, insuring repeatability and reproducibility is essential for a larger dissemination. Goal(s): Our goal was to compare the repeatability/reproducibility in volume measurements by different popular software tools. Approach: We performed T2w scans and repeated T1w scans for 82 subjects on two 3T scanners. We computed the volume within- and between-scanner variabilities. Results: Improved masking helps reduce variability in Freesurfer’s volume measurements. Synthseg and vol2Brain give better volume repeatability/reproducibility compared to Freesurfer. Impact: Our results provide quantification of the effects on repeatability/reproducibility from different software enabling clinicians and researchers to make an informed choice for data processing.
ComBat harmonization for multi-site fixel-based analysis using traveling subject dataset
Authors: Zou Rui , Kamagata Koji , Saito Yuya , Andica Christina , Uchida Wataru , Takabayashi Kaito , Guo Sen , Yoshida Seina , Iseki Rinako , Kitagawa Takafumi , Fujita Shohei , Akashi Toshiaki , Wada Akihiko , Shimoji Keigo , Aoki Shigeki
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Although multi-site DWI with large sample size has high statistical power and is sensitive to the subtle microstructural tissue changes, different models or protocols-induced measurement biases affect the reliability and reproducibility of the study. Therefore, harmonization is necessary to improve this issue. Goal(s): The goal of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ComBat harmonization in mitigating measurement biases in FBA measures. Approach: Our study utilized a traveling-subject DWI dataset, while various FBA measures were calculated and subsequently harmonized using the ComBat method. Results: Our findings demonstrated that ComBat harmonization could effectively mitigate site, model, and protocol-induced measurement biases in FBA measures. Impact: A significant contribution of this study is the seamless integration of ComBat into the fixel-based framework, which may enhance the reliability and reproducibility of multi-site research, offering a valuable tool for investigating microstructural tissue changes in the large-scale, multi-site studies.
Spatial characterization of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) differences among multiple sites using a phantom
Authors: Merhout Jasmin , Hernández-Torres Enedino , Wiggermann Vanessa , Sellebjerg Finn , Christensen Jeppe , Sidaros Karam , Siebner Hartwig , Lundell Henrik
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The motivation came to acknowledge the aid for sequence standardization and to assess other site-related differences. Goal(s): We aim to consider the SNR differences to improve comparability between sites in structural analysis of brain data. Approach: We describe preliminary MRI phantom data from a longitudinal, multi-site MS study, illustrating an approach to sequence standardization and assessing site-related differences. Results: Scan-rescan data were collected on three 3T MRI systems, using study specific, previously optimized sequences. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was measured on a 16 x 16 grid structure within the phantom. Imaging voxels within the grid where algorithmically identified and SNR assessed in each cube. Impact: Large between-site differences in SNR and spatial variability were observed, while longitudinal data showed good consistency in mean SNR and spatial appearance. These differences underscore the need for correction to improve between-site comparability.
Exploring NORDIC denoising benefits in high-resolution Arterial Spin Labeling MRI
Authors: Oliveira Icaro , Kashyap Sriranga , Uludağ Kâmil
Published: November 2024

Motivation: NORDIC PCA denoising is a recent denoising technique that promises mitigation of thermal noise in MRI data, and its application in high-resolution ASL remains unexplored. Goal(s): Assess the effectiveness of NORDIC denoising for improving the quality of high-resolution ASL perfusion signal. Approach: NORDIC denoising was applied to ASL data in two different approaches. NORDIC1, on control and label separately, and NORDIC2 on the original ASL time course (control and label combined). Results: NORDIC denoising results in a twofold increase in tSNR. The denoising effect is most effective when NORDIC is applied to ASL timeseries and in low SNR voxels. Impact: ASL is often not utilized in clinical and cognitive neuroscience studies due to its low SNR. Thus, the improvement in tSNR afforded by NORDIC denoising paves the way for the implementation of high-resolution ASL in cutting-edge brain studies.
MRI Features Associated with High and Low Expression of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes: Stratified Analysis According to Molecular Subtypes
Authors: Zhou Jiejie , Jin Yi , Miao Haiwei , Lu Shanshan , Zhang Yang , Liu Yan-lin , Liu Huiru , Zhao Youfan , Pan Zhifang , Chen Jeon-Hor , Wang Meihao , Su Min-ying
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Tumor-infiltration lymphocytes (TILs) express variably in different molecular subtypes. Goal(s): To compare the rate of high vs. low TILs and MRI features in three subtypes: Hormonal-Receptor positive, HER2 negative (HR+/HER2-), HER2+, and TN, and compare imaging features in each subtype. Approach: The percentage of TILs of 457 breast cancers was assessed. Three radiologists reviewed MRI features. Results: HER2+ cancers were more likely to present as non-mass enhancement (NME). In HR+, high TILs cases were more likely to present peritumoral edema. In TN, high TILs cases were more likely to present regular shapes and circumscribed margins. Impact: TILs expression increases from HR+ to HER2+ to TN. MRI features in different molecular subtypes show substantial variations. Different models should be built for different subtypes when building MR radiomics models to predict TILs.
Introducing an Automated Low-Contrast Detectability Test for the ACR MRI Phantom based on a Statistical Approach
Authors: Golestani Ali , Gee Julia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The low-contrast object detectability test in the ACR phantom is conventionally performed manually, which results in low reproducibility of measurements due to intra- and inter-rater variability. Goal(s): To automate the test in MRI systems and verify its reliability against the manual procedure. Approach: The algorithm creates 1-dimensional image profiles and compares it with the known structure of the low-contrast objects using the general linear method test. Results: Raters demonstrated substantial to almost perfect intra-rater agreement (0.786 and 0.841), and the algorithm showed perfect intra-rater agreement (1). Raters exhibited substantial inter-rater agreement (0.807), while raters and the algorithm averaged moderate inter-rater agreement (0.583). Impact: We implemented an automated method for low-contrast object detectability of the ACR MRI phantom. The manual and automated methods showed strong intra- and inter-rater agreement, supporting its potential clinical use.
A 3D Golden-Angle Radial Sequence for in vivo Hadamard-encoded 19F MRI in a Porcine Model
Authors: Mehr Kian Tadjalli , Özen Ali , Fischer Johannes , Reiss Simon , Spreter Felix , Boll David , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Bock Michael , Maier Alexander
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) can be used to visualize the inflammatory reaction after myocardial infarction with 19F MRI, but effective methods for its imaging in large animals in vivo are still missing. Goal(s): To develop a Hadamard-encoded sequence that removes the chemical shift artifacts of PFOB and increases the 19F SNR for application in large animal experiments. Approach: A 3D center-out radial FLASH-sequence was developed and compared to a Cartesian FLASH-sequence in PFOB-phantoms. The radial sequence was tested in a pig after PFOB injection. Results: Lowering TE increased the SNR by a factor of 2.4, which allowed to reconstruct 19F images of the animal. Impact: Hadamard-encoded radial 19F MRI optimally uses the available multi-spectral information of PFOB which makes it the ideal candidate for monocyte tracking in large animals.