bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental evaluations of water treatment systems using a pilot-scale plant for adaptations to a sharp increase in raw-water turbidity caused by climate change
Authors: Kobayashi Y. , Itoh M. , Yamada T. , Akiba M. , Matsui Y.
Published: December 2012

One effect of climate change on the water supply systems in Japan may be a sharp increase in the raw-water turbidity following heavy rain. The objective of this study was to evaluate water treatment performance with a sharp increase in raw-water turbidity. This evaluation was carried out from the perspective of turbidity response by a pilot-scale plant using sand filtration and membrane filtration with coagulation–sedimentation pretreatment. Two coagulants were used; namely, polyaluminum chloride with a basicity of either 72% (PACl-72%) or 51% (PACl-51%). Raw-water turbidity was increased from 5 to 300 TU by adding kaolin suspension. In the case of sand filtration, the filtered-water turbidity increased during the filter stabilization period. An increase in the coagulant dosage produced a more rapid decrease in the filtered-water turbidity and shortened the filter stabilizing period. Filtered-water turbidity decreased more rapidly for PACl-72% than for PACl-51%. In the case of membrane filtration, an increase in raw-water turbidity caused no significant increase in filtered-water turbidity or transmembrane pressure. These results demonstrated that, although neither filtration technique completely failed, membrane filtration was more robust than sand filtration against a sharp increase in raw-water turbidity.
Diagnosis of the ageing of water pipe systems by water quality and structure of iron corrosion in supplied water
Authors: Ishiwatari Yoshiyuki , Mishima Iori , Utsuno Norihiko , Fujita Masafumi
Published: December 2012

To develop a method for screening ageing of water supply systems by analysing the supplied water's quality, water samples were collected from a water treatment plant, a delivery pump station, two distribution reservoirs and two feed pipes along a water pipe system. Principal component analysis of the water was conducted. In the first principal component, many elements exhibited high factor loadings, whereas the major contributor for the second principal component was iron (Fe). The unlined steel pipe, which was beyond its working lifetime, had a significantly high Fe content in suspended solids. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis showed differences in the abundance ratios of Fe3O4 and α-FeOOH among the sampling points. It was concluded that the concentration and speciation of Fe in supplied water can be a useful index for detecting the ageing of pipes.
Influence of coagulant/lime dosing sequence on treatment of soft humic waters
Authors: Dolejs Petr
Published: December 2012

The influence of dosing sequence of lime and alum as a coagulant in the treatment of soft humic waters (requiring pre-alkalinisation of raw water) was studied. The experiments show that the traditional dosing order, i.e. pre-alkalinisation first and coagulant second, might give worse results in comparison with the reversed order, i.e. coagulant dosing followed by pre-alkalinisation. The influence of aggregation time on residual coagulant and UV absorbance was also studied.
Spatial network generation tool for water distribution network design and performance analysis
Authors: Trifunović Nemanja , Maharjan Bharat , Vairavamoorthy Kalanithy
Published: December 2012

The research presented in this paper aims at the support tool for generation of multiple networks with preset or randomised properties. To explore particular phenomena, water distribution analysis may require a coherent set of cases. Readily available in the literature are simple synthetic networks used for benchmarking, either real-life cases that are too diverse in size and configuration. The network generation tool (NGT) developed on the principles of graph theory connects any seed of nodes prepared in EPANET modelling software, by avoiding pipe crossings or unnecessary duplications. The pipe properties can be assigned by specifying a range of arbitrary lengths and diameters, by using coordinates to calculate the lengths, or by genetic algorithm optimisation of initial diameters. Equally, the nodal elevations and demands are arbitrarily assigned when not predefined in EPANET. Several sets of networks have been generated, up to 200 junctions. To test robustness of the tool, 13,000 layouts of a 50-junction seed have been generated using different settings. NGT has been proven to be capable of executing this task mostly within a few minutes, producing network layouts that resemble those from practice.
Complement Factor H–Related Protein 1 Deficiency and Factor H Antibodies in Pediatric Patients with Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Hofer Johannes , Janecke Andreas R. , Zimmerhackl L.B. , Riedl Magdalena , Rosales Alejandra , Giner Thomas , Cortina Gerard , Haindl Carola J. , Petzelberger Barbara , Pawlik Miriam , Jeller Verena , Vester Udo , Gadner Bettina , van Husen Michael , Moritz Michael L. , Würzner Reinhard , Jungraithmayr Therese
Published: December 2012

Background and objectives

This study evaluated the relevance of complement factor H (CFH)–related protein (CFHR) 1 deficiency in pediatric patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) by evaluating both the frequency of deletions in CFHR1 and the presence of complement factor H (CFH) antibodies.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

A total of 116 patients (mainly from central Europe) and 118 healthy blood donors were included from 2001 to 2012. The presence of CFHR1 gene deletions was determined in 90 pediatric patients with aHUS and 118 controls by an easy, fast, and cheap PCR assay; 100 patients with aHUS and 42 controls were tested for CFH antibodies by ELISA. Questionnaires were administered to evaluate the clinical and laboratory data.

Results

Homozygous deletion in CFHR1 was detected in 32% of the patients with aHUS tested, compared with 2.5% of controls (P<0.001). CFH antibodies were present in 25% of the patients and none of the controls. CFH antibodies were detected in 82% of patients with homozygous CFHR1 gene deletion and in 6% of patients without. CFH antibody–positive patients with aHUS showed a significantly lower platelet nadir at disease onset and significantly less frequent involvement of the central nervous system than did antibody-negative patients. Antibody-positive patients also received plasma therapy more often.

Conclusion

Homozygous deletion in CFHR1 is strongly associated with occurrence of CFH antibodies in pediatric patients with aHUS. However, despite this apparent genetic disease predisposition, it cannot be considered an exclusive cause for aHUS. Initial presentation of Shiga toxin–negative HUS with severe thrombocytopenia and no central nervous system complications in pediatric patients is especially suspicious for CFH antibody aHUS.
Peginesatide for Maintenance Treatment of Anemia in Hemodialysis and Nondialysis Patients Previously Treated with Darbepoetin Alfa
Authors: Fishbane Steven , Roger Simon D. , Martin Edouard , Runyan Grant , O’Neil Janet , Qiu Ping , Locatelli Francesco
Published: December 2012

Background and objectives

Peginesatide (Omontys) is a novel, synthetic, PEGylated, peptide-based erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) that is designed to specifically stimulate the erythropoietin receptor. This study evaluated maintenance of hemoglobin levels in patients after conversion from darbepoetin alfa to once-monthly peginesatide.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This open-label, multicenter study included 101 CKD patients, 52 of whom were receiving dialysis. The duration of the study was 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the mean change in hemoglobin from baseline to the evaluation period (weeks 19–24). The study was conducted during the period from September 22, 2008 to December 24, 2009.

Results

The mean change among hemodialysis patients was –0.42 g/dl (95% confidence interval, –0.65 to –0.19) and the mean change among CKD nondialysis patients was 0.49 g/dl (95% confidence interval, 0.26–0.71). The percentages of patients who maintained hemoglobin levels within ±1.0 g/dl of baseline values were as follows: 80.0% for hemodialysis and 68.1% for nondialysis, and73.3% for hemodialysis and 68.1% for nondialysis within the target range of 10.0–12.0 g/dl. Few patients received red blood cell transfusions (hemodialysis, 5.8%; nondialysis, 2.0%). Seventy-nine patients experienced adverse events, the majority of which were mild or moderate in severity. There were 40 serious adverse events and 2 deaths reported.

Conclusions

In this study, once-monthly peginesatide resulted in a slight decrease in mean hemoglobin levels in individuals on hemodialysis and a small increase in individuals with CKD who were not on dialysis.
Incidence Rate, Clinical Correlates, and Outcomes of AKI in Patients Admitted to a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Salahudeen Abdulla K. , Doshi Simit M. , Pawar Tushar , Nowshad Gul , Lahoti Amit , Shah Pankaj
Published: December 2012

Background and objectives

Incidence of AKI in hospitalized patients with cancer is increasing, but reports are scant. The objective of this study was to determine incidence rate, clinical correlates, and outcomes of AKI in patients admitted to a cancer center.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Cross-sectional analysis of prospectively collected data on 3558 patients admitted to the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center over 3 months in 2006.

Results

Using modified RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, ESRD) criteria, 12% of patients admitted to the hospital had AKI, with severity in the Risk, Injury, and Failure categories of 68%, 21%, and 11%, respectively. AKI occurred in 45% of patients during the first 2 days and in 55% thereafter. Dialysis was required in 4% of patients and nephrology consultation in 10%. In the multivariate model, the odds ratio (OR) for developing AKI was significantly higher for diabetes (OR, 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51–2.36), chemotherapy (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.26–2.05), intravenous contrast (OR, 4.55; 95% CI, 3.51–5.89), hyponatremia (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.57–2.47), and antibiotics (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.15–2.02). In patients with AKI, length of stay (100%), cost (106%), and odds for mortality (4.7-fold) were significantly greater.

Conclusion

The rate of AKI in patients admitted to a comprehensive cancer center was higher than the rate in most noncancer settings; was correlated significantly with diabetes, hyponatremia, intravenous contrast, chemotherapy, and antibiotics; and was associated with poorer clinical outcomes. AKI developed in many patients after admission. Studies are warranted to determine whether proactive measures may limit AKI and improve outcomes.
AKI Associated with Synthetic Cannabinoids
Authors: Bhanushali Gautam Kantilal , Jain Gaurav , Fatima Huma , Leisch Leah J. , Thornley-Brown Denyse
Published: December 2012

SPICE, or K2, encompasses preparations of synthetic cannabinoids marketed as incense products, bath additives, and air fresheners and used for recreational purposes. These preparations are usually smoked for their cannabis-like effects and do not appear on routine urine toxicology screens. We report four cases of oliguric AKI associated with SPICE use in previously healthy men. All showed improvement in renal function without need for renal replacement therapy. Renal biopsy, performed in three of the patients, revealed acute tubular necrosis. The close temporal and geographic associations between the clinical presentation and the development of AKI strongly suggest an association between these SPICE preparations and AKI. Further investigations are required to identify the potential nephrotoxic agent(s). Nephrotoxicity from designer drugs should be included in the differential diagnosis of AKI, especially in young adults with negative urine drug screens.
Investigation of the isothermal section at 1000°C in the Pt-Al-Cr system
Authors: Süss R. , Cornish L.A. , Witcomb M.J.
Published: December 2012

Platinum-based alloys are being developed with ?/?' microstructures analogous
to nickel-based superalloys, with potential for high temperature
applications. The ternary Pt-Al-Cr system was investigated to provide data
for the continued development of a thermodynamic database for the
Pt-Al-Cr-Ru system. The alloys were studied in the 1000?C annealed and
quenched conditions, using SEM with EDX and XRD. Isothermal sections were
constructed.
Surface properties and wetting behavior of liquid Ag-Sb-Sn alloys
Authors: Sklyarchuk V. , Plevachuka Yu. , Kaban I. , Novakovic R.
Published: December 2012

Surface tension and density measurements of liquid Ag-Sb-Sn alloys were
carried out over a wide temperature range by using the sessile drop method.
The surface tension experimental data were analyzed by the Butler
thermodynamic model in the regular solution approximation. The wetting
characteristics of these alloys on Cu and Ni substrates have been also
determined. The new experimental results were compared with the calculated
values as well as with data available in the literature.
Modifications of the SURDAT database of the physicochemical properties of metals and alloys
Authors: Gasior W. , Debski A.
Published: December 2012

Experimental studies of the surface tension and the density were carried out
by means of the maximum bubble pressure method and the dilatometric technique
and next, they were compiled with the results of over 12 years of research of
the liquid pure components, binary and multicomponent alloys, with the aim to
create the SURDAT database of the Pb-free soldering materials. In the last
years, a modification of SURDAT has been conducted. The new version, beside
the earlier data of the physical properties, also contains such data as: the
viscosity data, selected data of the mechanical and electrical properties,
the DTA data and the meniscographic study results (contact angle, wetting
time, wetting force and interfacial tension). Additionally, the data base of
the heat properties, worked out at NIST (National Institute of Standard and
Technology from Boulder in Colorado) has been implemented.
Development of heat resistant Pb-free joints by TLPS process of Ag and Sn-Bi-Ag alloy powders
Authors: Ohnuma I. , Kainuma R. , Ishida K.
Published: December 2012

TLPS (Transient Liquid Phase Sintering) process is a candidate method of
heat-resistant bonding, which makes use of the reaction between low-melting
temperature powder of Sn-Bi base alloys and reactive powder of Ag. During
heat treatment above the melting temperature of a Sn-Bi base alloy, the
molten Sn-Bi reacts rapidly with solid Ag particles, which results in the
formation of heat-resistant intermetallic compound (IMC). In this study, the
TLPS properties between Sn-17Bi-1Ag (at.%) powder with its liquidus
temperature of 200?C and pure Ag powder were investigated. During
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement, an exothermic reaction
and an endothermic reaction occurred, which correspond to the formation of
the e-Ag3Sn IMC phase and the melting of the Sn-17Bi-1Ag alloy, respectively.
After the overall measurement, the obtained reactant consists of the
Ag3Sn-IMC and Bi-rich phases, both of which start melting above 250?C, with a
small amount of the residual Sn-Bi eutectic phase. These results suggest that
the TLPS process can be applied for Pb-free heatresistant bonding.
Milos Crnjanski kao gimnazijski profesor
Authors: Djordjevic Bojan
Published: December 2012

nema
Jovan Skerlic kao bodrilac prevodilaca i kriticar prevodilastva
Authors: Arnautovic Margerita
Published: December 2012

nema
Does Recognition versus Disclosure Affect Value Relevance? Evidence from Pension Accounting
Authors: Yu Kun
Published: December 2012

This study examines whether institutional ownership and analyst following affect the value relevance of disclosed versus recognized pension liabilities. Using a sample of firms with pension liabilities that were disclosed under SFAS No. 87 and subsequently recognized under SFAS No. 158 from 1999 to 2007, I find that off-balance-sheet pension liabilities are more value relevant for firms with a higher level of institutional ownership or analyst following in the pre-158 period. More importantly, I find that SFAS No. 158 increases the value relevance of previously disclosed off-balance-sheet pension liabilities for firms with a low level of institutional ownership or analyst following, and that the increase in the value relevance becomes less pronounced for firms with a higher level of institutional ownership or analyst following. Overall, the results are consistent with the view that institutional ownership and analyst following affect the value relevance of disclosed information as well as the valuation difference between disclosed and recognized information. This study also highlights the importance of considering institutional ownership and analyst following in the value-relevance research.

Data Availability: All data are publicly available from the sources indicated in the text.
Assessing Separation Anxiety in Italian Youth: Preliminary Psychometric Properties of the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale
Authors: Chessa Daphne , Riso Daniela Di , Delvecchio Elisa , Lis Adriana
Published: December 2012

This study examined the internal consistency and construct validity of the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale for Children in a non-clinical Italian sample of 358 children ages 6 to 10 years. Statistically significant differences were examined by sex and age. Two exploratory factor analyses were carried out: (a) on the symptom sub-dimensions which led to three interpretable factors of Fear of Abandonment and of Physical Illness, Fear of Calamitous Events, Fear of Being Alone and (b) on all Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale for Children items, which led to three interpretable factors: Fear of Abandonment and Safety Signals, Fear of Calamitous Events, and Fear of Being Alone and Left Alone. Preliminary findings for validity were described with the Separation Anxiety Symptoms Inventory for Children and the Italian Fear Schedule for Children (convergent validity). Implications regarding the clinical utility of the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale for Children are discussed.
Re-Assessment of Home Advantage in Spanish Handball: Comment on Gutiérrez, et al. (2012)
Authors: Pollard Richard , Gómez Miguel A.
Published: December 2012

Because of problems with a previously published study, a re-analysis of data relating to home advantage in handball in Spain was made. The overall home advantage for 10,536 games played over 11 seasons (1997–98 to 2007–08) at the top two levels of play for both men and women was 60.4%. It was significantly higher for men (61.6%) than for women (59.2%). Contrary to a conclusion in the previous paper, it was also significantly higher for play at Level 2 (61.3%) than at Level 1 (59.4%), representing the top two divisions of play for each sex. A three-way factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that there was no difference between seasons, nor an interaction between seasons and gender as claimed previously. For individual teams, there was a clear negative correlation between home advantage and ability, as quantified by the overall performance of each team each season. This reversed the previous conclusion of a positive correlation. Because the previous study incorrectly claimed no prior research had been done on home advantage either in handball or between sexes, a review of the literature relating to these topics is included.
Sex-Related Effects in Strength Training during Adolescence: A Pilot Study
Authors: Muehlbauer Thomas , Gollhofer Albert , Granacher Urs
Published: December 2012

The objective was to investigate the effects of high-velocity strength training on isometric strength of the leg extensors and jump height in female and male adolescents. Twenty-eight students (13 boys, 15 girls) ages 16 to 17 years participated in this study and were assigned to either a strength training group or a control group. Strength training was conducted over 8 weeks (2 times per week). Pre- and post-training tests included the measurements of maximal isometric force and rate of force development of the leg extensors as well as countermovement jump height. Both girls (effect size = 1.37) and boys (effect size = 0.61) showed significant improvements in jump height. However, significant increases in maximal isometric force (effect size = 1.85) and rate of force development (effect size = 2.23) were found only in girls. In female and male adolescents, high-velocity strength training is an effective training regimen that produced improvements in countermovement jump height in both sexes but higher gains in maximal isometric force and rate of force development in girls.
Schur lemma and limit theorems in lattice groups with respect to filters
Authors: Boccuto A. , Dimitriou X. , Papanastassiou N.
Published: December 2012

Some Schur, Nikodým, Brooks-Jewett and Vitali-Hahn-Saks-type theorems for (ℓ)-group-valued measures are proved in the setting of filter convergence. Finally we pose an open problem.
On characterization of integrable sesquilinear forms
Authors: Sherstnev A. , Tikhonov O.
Published: December 2012

We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a sesquilinear form to be integrable with respect to a faithful normal state on a von Neumann algebra.
Harnessing Water for Greater Regional Good
Authors: Thanju Jeewan Prasad
Published: December 2012

No abstract availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7153 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.5
Probabilistic Approach for Assessing Rock Mass Quality in the Tunnel
Authors: Panthi Krishna Kanta
Published: December 2012

Rock mass is a heterogeneous media and the quality of the rock mass may change within a very short distance. As a result, on many occasions considerable discrepancies (variations) have been found between the predicted and actual rock mass conditions along the tunnel alignment, resulting in signifi cant cost and time overruns. Finding innovative solutions for quantifying the quality of rock mass and assessing the risk of discrepancies are, therefore, key issues for cost effective and optimum tunneling solutions in the Himalayan region.In this paper, a probabilistic approach of uncertainty analysis has been proposed to evaluate the quality of rock mass based on the Q-system of rock mass classifi cation. Mapped rock mass quality data from the Modi headrace tunnel from Nepal have been used as a case study. The degree of correlation between the simulated results achieved by a probabilistic assessment using @Risk and values actually measured in the tunnel have been discussed. It is concluded that the probabilistic approach can be used as a tool in predicting rock mass quality and assessing risk in tunneling projects.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7154 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.6-11
The 1996 Mahakali Treaty: Whither the “Rashtriya Sankalpas/National Strictures” of Nepalese Parliament?
Authors: Pun Sant Bahadur
Published: December 2012

Despite the ratification by the Joint Session of Nepal’s two Houses of Parliament with an overwhelming majority on September 20, 1996 and despite the exchange of instruments of ratification by the two countries on June 5, 1997, the Pancheshwar Detailed Project Report (DPR) has yet to see the light of day even after the lapse of 16 years. It was believed that Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba’s government with the concurrence of the main opposition party, Communist Party of Nepal- United Marxist Leninist (CPN-UML), had ratified the Mahakali Treaty with four ‘rashtriya sankalpas/national strictures’. It was also believed that an all party Parliamentary Monitoring Joint Committee headed by the Speaker of the Lower House was constituted to guide the Nepalese side in the preparation of the detailed project report of Pancheshwar. That Monitoring Joint Committee in a span of four years held 28 meetings. Now the very legality of those four ‘rashtriya sankalpas/national strictures’ is being questioned. In 2009 the Secretary level Nepal-India Joint Committee on Water Resources constituted the Pancheshwar Development Authority (PDA) that was given the crucial mandate to ‘finalize’ the vital much-awaited Pancheshwar DPR. As institutions have no memory and public memory is extremely short, this article attempts to recapitulate the commitments made at treaty ratification time by the Deuba government in concurrence with the then largest party, CPN-UML. The article argues against the mandate given to the bureaucrat-led PDA to finalize the Pancheshwar DPR and strongly recommends formation of an all party mechanism akin to the previous Parliamentary Monitoring Joint Committee to guide the government during this critical Interim period.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7155 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.12-17
Scope, Possibility and Risks in Hydropower Development in the North East Region of India
Authors: Jain Sharad K.
Published: December 2012

The North Eastern Region (NER) of India has immense untapped hydropower potential which can be an excellent source of electricity for India. Hydropower development is also expected to trigger overall growth of the region and improve infrastructure. Hydropower potential of NER should be exploited through an optimal mix of runof- river and storage projects. This paper discusses the prospects, possibilities and practical aspects of hydropower development in this region.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7156 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.18-24
Proposed Wastewater Treatment Plant for a Paper Mill
Authors: Ali Arshad , Iqbal Muhammad Jawed
Published: December 2012

The decline in the availability and alarming pollution of the existing water resources is the major environmental problem of third-world countries. The main reason of water pollution is the disposal of untreated industrial effl uents. This study was designed to evaluate the pollution load caused by a paper mill, and to propose a wastewater treatment plant design, based on the analyses of wastewater samples. The wastewater samples were collected from the local paper mill for a period of more than four months on a regular basis. The pH, temperature, color, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD and AOX were measured as, 8.1, 23°C, 2,431 PtCo unit, 956 mg/L, 3,046 mg/L, 1,582 mg/L, 2,492 mg/L and 19.81 mg/L, respectively. Based on the data obtained, the wastewater treatment plant consisting of a screening chamber, primary sedimentation tank and a UASB reactor was designed. It was concluded that the treatment effi ciency of more than 75% removal of BOD and COD concentrations could be accomplished. The treatment plant will also be able to produce 2,200 m3/day of biogas.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7157 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.25-28
Lessons to be Learned from the Experience of Electricity Reforms in India
Authors: Karmacharya Sharad B.
Published: December 2012

The electricity sectors in India have been undergoing significant reforms since nineties. The initial status of the electricity sector when reform of the industry was initiated was very similar across all states in India. The state electricity boards prior to reform were vertically integrated public utilities, the distribution companies had significant technical and commercial losses and the state utilities were in poor financial health. Most states in India shared similar stories; however, when these states reformed their electricity sector in the nineties, we see differences in the current market structure despite all states having started with similar industry organization. In this paper, we carry out case studies of electricity sector reforms in Orissa, Delhi and Karnataka. These three cases have been selected for their diversity in approaches to electricity reform. What motivated these states to reform? What types of market designs are currently in place and why market designs differed in these states? We analyse these cases and aim to explain the differences in sector performances and extract some lessons in the context of Nepal’s electricity sector.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7158 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.29-36
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Hydropower Reservoirs
Authors: Kumar Amit , Sharma M.P.
Published: December 2012

Hydropower reservoirs are found to emit about 35-70 times less greenhouse gas (GHG) compared to thermal power plants. The emissions not only depend on the type of eco-region in which the reservoir is located but also on the reservoir characteristics and water quality parameters. This paper reports the results of the impact of reservoir parameters and water quality characteristics on GHG emission from tropical, temperate and boreal reservoirs. For this purpose, linear equations are developed but the regression coeffi cient is found very poor. The R2 range for CO2 is 5×10-5 to 0.36 for tropical, temperate and boreal reservoirs and the R24 is 0.004- 0.244 respectively, which is far lower than 0.90, and cannot be accurately used for prediction. Thereafter, empirical regression equations are developed to see the combined impact of reservoir parameters and R2 is found as 0.48 for CO2 and 0.16 for CH4 for tropical, 0.34 and 0.37 for CO2 and CH4 respectively for temperate and 0.51 and 0.26 for boreal reservoirs. The R2 0.90 indicates that these equations cannot be used to accurately predict the emissions, but can be used to get some idea about emissions from the reservoirs.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7159 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.37-42
Application of Hydrosuction Sediment Removal System (HSRS) on Peaking Ponds
Authors: Shrestha H. S.
Published: December 2012

The value of the peaking hour energy is very high in Nepal where people are facing more than 16 hours load shedding in a day during the dry period. Currently, the peak load demand is about 90% higher than the off peak load demand. Therefore, a storage type hydropower project plays a signifi cant role in the Nepalese energy sector and decides the fate of load shedding. However, the Reservoir sedimentation studies in Nepal show that the capacity of the reservoirs has been reduced significantly; hence, preservation of these reservoirs is a vital issue.The hydrosuction sediment removal system (HSRS) is one of the methods to remove sediment from the reservoirs. A modified double layer suction head of HSRS was used in a field test of HSRS at the Settling Basin of Sunkoshi Small Hydropower Plant (SSHP) and Peaking Pond of the Sunkoshi Hydropower Plant (SHP). This paper presents field test results in the settling basin of SSHP and peaking pond of SHP and applicability of HSRS in the Kulekhani Reservoir and other peaking ponds in Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7162 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.43-48
A Review of Riverbed Extraction and its Effects on Aquatic Environment with Special Reference to Tinau River, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Khet Raj , Sharma Subodh , Sharma Chhatra Mani
Published: December 2012

Rivers not only maintain the ecological balance but also generate resources. Fishes and riverbed materials such as sand, cobble, pebble, boulders, etc. are the sources of income from natural rivers; and these are the important resources in the construction industry.There exist very few studies on the effects of riverbed extraction in the rivers like Tinau. The lack of generic hydrological and climatic data in the river catchment leads to the lack of knowhow regarding the hydrological behavior of the river basin and its consequences over time. This study is the outcome of the literature review on riverbed extraction and its effects on the aquatic environment particularly in the Tinau River. Riverbed extraction can cause many effects on the environment. But this paper mainly focuses on the effects of riverbed extraction on the hydraulic structures, ground water, river morphology, cost externalization, fish species and fisheries for livelihood.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7163 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.49-56
Environmental Management of the Inle Lake in Myanmar
Authors: Lwin Zaw , Sharma M.P.
Published: December 2012

The Inle Lake, the second-largest lake in Myanmar, is located in Shan State in Myanmar. More than 170,000 people inhabit the lake and its surroundings, and their main business is agriculture with the fl oating gardens. Due to its picturesque siting and diverse fauna, combined with the unique lifestyles and traditions of human inhabitants, the lake is considered as one of the primary tourist destinations in Myanmar. The Inle is not only designated as the 190th World’s Eco-region but also nominated as one of the fresh water biodiversity hotspots. Since the last decade, the lake has been facing serious threats due to natural and man-made pressure leading to the deterioration of its water quality and shrinkage of the open water area. According to the assessment of its water quality in 2012, the trophic state index of the Inle Lake is found to be in the range of eutrophication.The present paper aims to identify the problems based on data collected from the lake authorities and prepare a management plan for its conservation. The estimated cost is 31.18 million US$ and is expected to improve the lake health signifi cantly, if the conservation plan is implemented by the government in the true sense.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7164 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.57-60
Rainwater Harvesting for Recharging Groundwater and Local Water Management in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Thanju Jeewan Prasad
Published: December 2012

No abstract availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7165 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.61-63
Low Head Pico-Hydro: A Robust Rural Renewable Energy Technology for Remote Rural Areas
Authors: Gautam Biraj
Published: December 2012

The rural electrification is the most needed pill for equitable economic and environmental development of Nepal. However, it comes with great challenges. The cost involved for grid extension, availability of power in grid and pre-condition required for alternate energy options for affordable rural energy supply significantly hinders the process of rural electrification. The low-head Pico-hydro is a promising technology which has positioned itself in a special niche of renewable energy technologies and is very important to address the problems Nepal is currently facing.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7166 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.64-66
Climate Change Impact on Flow Regimes of Rivers in Bhutan and Possible Consequences for Hydropower Development
Authors: Beldring Stein , VoksØ Astrid
Published: December 2012

No abstract availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7167 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.67-68
Elinor Ostrom: From Nepal Perspective
Authors: Pradhan Prachanda
Published: December 2012

No abstract availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7168 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.69
Kathmandu Valley Groundwater Outlook
Authors: Thanju Jeewan Prasad
Published: December 2012

No abstract availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7169 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.72-73
Rio+20: What is 'The Future We want?'
Authors: Ee Ong Suan
Published: December 2012

No abstract availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7170 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.74-76
Conclusion of a JVS Forum: Refute the World Bank's Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment Report
Authors: Gautam Upendra
Published: December 2012

No abstract availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7171 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.77
An Interview with Dr. Subarna Das Shrestha
Authors: Thanju Jeewan Prasad
Published: December 2012

No abstract availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7172 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.78-80
News Vol.11
Authors: Editor The
Published: December 2012

No abstract availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7173 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.81-85
Activities of Jalsrot Vikas Sanstha (JVS)
Authors: Editor The
Published: December 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7231 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.75-76
Sexual Harassment: A Feminist Phrase That Transformed the Workplace
Authors: Backhouse Constance
Published: December 2012

Le présent article est une autobiographie de la coauteure du premier ouvrage canadien sur le harcèlement sexuel. Tout en admettant que ses souvenirs soient fragmentaires, elle relate certains des événements qui ont entouré les premiers efforts féministes visant à éradiquer le harcèlement sexuel en milieu de travail. L'article décrit les événements qui ont précédé la publication de l'ouvrage de Constance Backhouse et de Leah Cohen intitulé The Secret Oppression: Sexual Harassment of Working Women et la fureur du public à la sortie du livre. L'article porte sur l'ensemble du contexte social, politique, économique et culturel entourant le débat concernant le harcèlement sexuel et montre dans quelle mesure les changements exigés ont apporté des améliorations concrètes.
Governing Heterosexuality through Specific Consent: Interrogating the Governmental Effects of R. v J.A.
Authors: Gotell Lise
Published: December 2012

Dans l'arrêt R. c J.A., une plaignante est revenue sur son allégation d'avoir été soumise à une pénétration anale avec un objet après avoir été étranglée jusqu’à tomber inconsciente. En 2011, la Cour suprême du Canada a tranché en majorité contre la défense qui invoque le consentement donné à l'avance à des actes sexuels commis pendant que la personne est inconsciente ou endormie. Le présent article remet en cause le sens de cette décision, en regard de l’évolution de la norme de consentement au Canada. Certaines critiques se sont penchées sur les conséquences répressives de l'arrêt J.A., soutenant que la décision transforme dans les faits un « oui » en un « non » et stigmatise les pratiques sexuelles non normatives, comme l'asphyxie érotique. En revanche, l'article soutient que l'arrêt J.A. est surtout centré sur la réglementation de l'hétérosexualité normale. La décision applique aux relations conjugales les exigences du consentement explicite, tout en démontrant les limites d'un cadre de consentement qui fétichise si souvent l'acte et considère le moment du consentement en dehors des contextes qui limitent les choix sexuels. On peut voir l'arrêt J.A. comme une décision post-féministe, marquée par l'adoption d'une conception individualisée de l'autonomie sexuelle, vidée des revendications du féminisme critique en ce qui concerne les liens entre violence sexuelle, inégalité des sexes et sexisme.
Why Feminist Legal Scholars Should Write Judgments: Reflections on the Feminist Judgments Project in England and Wales
Authors: Rackley Erika
Published: December 2012

Le Projet de jugements féministes a permis à des chercheuses en droit féministes de rédiger en groupe des jugements féministes alternatifs pour des causes majeures en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles. Plutôt que de se limiter à des critiques théoriques de décisions existantes, les participantes se sont inscrites dans la tradition du Tribunal des femmes du Canada pour se lancer dans un exercice pratique et « réaliste » de rédaction de jugements. En exprimant la théorie féministe sous forme de jugements, le Projet visait à démontrer de façon systématique et rigoureuse que le pouvoir et l'aspect distinct de la rédaction pouvaient influencer l'issue des causes et modifier la rédaction des jugements. Jusqu’à maintenant, les commentaires universitaires ont porté principalement sur le fond féministe des jugements alternatifs ou, plus largement, sur ce qui rend un jugement féministe, plutôt que sur l'importance d'avoir des chercheuses féministes pour rédiger les jugements. À partir d'exemples tirés du Projet de jugements féministes, le présent article soutient que le Projet et le Tribunal des femmes ont non seulement montré comment l'éclairage théorique féministe peut (et devrait) s'appliquer dans la pratique, mais ont aussi soulevé des questions sur la nature des jugements et les possibilités offertes par la rédaction pour les chercheuses en droit féministes. En considérant la valeur de la rédaction de jugements comme une forme de science critique féministe, l'article aborde la présentation du Projet de jugements féministes comme une forme de « militantisme universitaire » et soutient qu'il existe de bonnes raisons théoriques, pédagogiques et politiques pour que des chercheuses en droit féministes rédigent les jugements.
Sex Work in New Zealand: The Re-Importation of Moral Majoritarianism in Regulating a Decriminalized Industry
Authors: Warnock Ceri , Wheen Nicola
Published: December 2012

En 2003, la Nouvelle-Zélande est devenue le seul pays au monde à dépénaliser tous les aspects de la prostitution non forcée. La réforme du droit annonçait un changement radical. En effet, au lieu d'essayer de réprimer l'industrie en criminalisant les personnes qui y participaient, l'objectif de la Prostitution Reform Act était de s'assurer que les droits fondamentaux des travailleuses du sexe soient préservés. Cependant, cette expérience sociale controversée n'a fait que souligner le conflit profond entre les idéaux de la participation du public aux processus décisionnels et l'obligation de protéger les droits d'une minorité impopulaire. Le présent article examine cette dichotomie. Les militants les plus surannés de la démocratie locale, des règlements municipaux et des contrôles de planification urbaine ont permis à la réprobation morale de continuer sa domination, portant ainsi atteinte aux droits des travailleuses du sexe. De plus, en raison de critères discrétionnaires propres aux contrôles judiciaires, le droit administratif n'a pas fourni les protections nécessaires. Le présent article répond à Emily van der Meulen et Elya Durisin et encourage les réformateurs axés sur les droits individuels d'avancer avec prudence. Pour être vraiment efficace, il faudrait veiller à ce que toute loi axée sur les droits ne laisse pas l'indignation morale des collectivités locales menacer, par les voies réglementaires, le bien-être et la sécurité des prostituées, risquant ainsi la création d'une industrie clandestine de deuxième ordre.
Project Management in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Sara Tanzeena
Published: December 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v1i1.12949 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.1(1) 2012
Antioxidant & analgesic activities of leaves of Panlata (Derris trifoliate): In vitro investigation
Authors: Sarkar Md Raihan , Hasan Moynul , Howlader Md Sariful Islam , Rahman Mohammad Saydur , Dey Shubhra Kanti
Published: December 2012

In the present study, the antioxidant and analgesic potential of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Derris trifoliata was evaluated. The free radical scavenging activity of the crude extract on the stable radical 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was determined by comparing the DPPH inhibitory capacity of the extract. In the quantitative assay, Derris trifoliata extract displayed a free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH assay (IC50 = 19 ?g/ml) which is comparable to that of ascorbic acid (IC50 = 7.80 ?g/ml), a well-known standard antioxidant. The analgesic responses of the given samples of extracts were evaluated using the Tail immersion method. In the analgesic activity test, extract at dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg exhibited significant (P<0.05 and P<0.001 respectively) inhibition of pain by 166.82 and 184.95 after 120 and 180 minutes respectively while the standard drug Diclofenac Na inhibition was found to be 217.67 after 180 minutes at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v1i2.12951 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.1(2) 2012
Circulating epithelial cells in patients with thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Winkens T. , Pachmann K. , Freesmeyer M.
Published: December 2012

Goal: To investigate whether circulating epithelial cells (CEC) recognized via the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) can be identified in the blood of patients with thyroid carcinoma, given that CEC have already been detected in other types of carcinoma and are considered a potential marker of tumour dissemination. Patients, methods: Blood samples of patients with active differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) (n = 50) were compared to samples of patients with: a) recent surgical excision of a thyroid carcinoma (postOP-DTC) (n = 16); b) athyreotic, tumour-free status after radioiodine ablation (AT-DTC) (n= 33); and c) benign thyroid diseases (BTD) (n = 51). Samples of volunteers with normal thyroid parameters (NT) (n = 12) were also investigated. Cells from EDTAblood were subjected to erythrocyte lysis, isolated by centrifugation, and incubated with a fluorescence-labeled antibody against EpCAM. The numbers of vital cells were counted via fluorescence microscopy. Results: CEC were identified in all groups, with the postOP-DTC group showing the highest mean CEC numbers of all groups. The DTC group had significantly higher CEC numbers than the NT group, and numerically higher numbers than the other groups, although not reaching statistical significance. Within the DTC group there was a correlation between levels of serum thyroglobulin and numbers of CEC (r = 0.409, p = 0.003). Conclusions: High CEC numbers were not specific to thyroid carcinoma. The methodology used here, based on a single measurement does not allow to identify severe forms of DTC, emphasizing the need of longitudinal measurements throughout therapy. Detection and characterization of tumour thyroid cells in circulation should be based on additiona l consideration of tissue-specific characteristics.
Circumnutation as an autonomous root movement in plants
Authors: Migliaccio Fernando , Tassone Paola , Fortunati Alessio
Published: December 2012

Although publications on circumnutation of the aerial parts of flowering plants are numerous and primarily from the time betweenDarwin (1880)and the 1950s, reports on circumnutation of roots are scarce. With the introduction of modern molecular biology techniques, many topics in the plant sciences have been revitalized; among these is root circumnutation. The most important research in this area has been done onArabidopsis thaliana, which has roots that behave differently from those of many other plants; roots grown on inclined agar dishes produce a pattern of half waves slanted to one side. When grown instead on horizontally set dishes, the roots grow in loops or in tight right‐handed coils that are characterized by a tight torsion to the left‐hand. The roots of the few plants that differ fromArabidopsisand have been similarly tested do not present such patterns, because even if they circumnutate generally in a helical pattern, they subsequently straighten. Research on plants in space or on a clinostat has allowed the testing of these roots in a habitat lacking gravity or simulating the lack. Recently, molecular geneticists have started to connect various root behaviors to specific groups of genes. For example, anomalies in auxin responses caused by some genes can be overcome by complementation with wild‐type genes. Such important studies contribute to understanding the mechanisms of growth and elongation, processes that are only superficially understood.
THE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS TO DEVELOPMENT OF STATE MEDIATION SYSTEM: PHENOMENOLOGICAL ASPECTS / NACIONALINĖS MEDIACIJOS SISTEMOS KŪRIMO PROBLEMOS IR SPRENDIMAI: FENOMENOLOGINIAI ASPEKTAI
Authors: Landzmane Ligita
Published: December 2012

Research methods based on phenomenological approach in the field of management can help to create a meaningful theoretical framework and guidelines for the needs of improving the management. The article deals with the phenomenological approach in the context of the problem solving of institutionalization process of mediation. Although the work has presented the phenomenon of specific Latvian experience, the used methodology and the results are possible to use also for understanding and solving mediation system problems in other countries. Santrauka Vadovaujantis fenomenologiniu požiūriu pagrįstais tyrimais vadybos mokslo srityje, galima sukurti prasmingus teorinius principus ir nurodymus, reikalingus vadybai tobulinti įvairiose jos srityse. Šiame darbe fenomenologinio požiūrio galimybės nagrinėjamos mediacijos institucionalizacijos proceso kūrimo metu kylančių problemų sprendimo kontekste. Nors šiame straipsnyje pristatomas specifinis Latvijos ekspertų patirties fenomenas, tačiau jam tirti taikoma metodologija ir rezultatais gali būti naudojamasi ir kitose šalyse formuojant supratimą ir sprendžiant mediacijos sistemos problemas.