bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life and its Determinants in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus from Two Health Institutions of Sub-himalayan Region of India
Authors: Gupta Jyoti , Kapoor Dheeraj , Sood Vivek
Published: October 2021

Background:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes serious deterioration in general quality of life (QoL) mainly affecting the health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Routine assessment of QoL improves communication with the patient, helps to predict treatment response, and supports clinical decision-making. QoL can predict an individual’s capacity to manage the disease and maintain long-term health and wellbeing.

Aims:

To find out the QoL and its socio-demographic, anthropometric, and clinical determinants among DM patients attending health institutions from sub-Himalayan region, catering rural population.

Settings and Design:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals mostly catering rural population from 2014 to 2018. Purposive sampling technique was used.

Materials and Methods:

Socio-demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data of DM patients (N = 300) were collected. They were administeredHindi translation of QoL Instrument for Indian Diabetes Patients (QOLID) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). All statistical analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SSPS) (Version 17.0, USA).

Results:

About 10% had very poor, 13% poor, 11% average, 16% good, and 50% very good QoL on QOLID. General health (GH) and treatment satisfaction (TS) were the most affected domains. Fatigue was the most common symptom (79%) reported in QOLID. Age more than 55 years, rural background, and PHQ-9 score of more than 7 were predictors of poorer QoL.

Conclusion:

There is a need for a holistic and collaborative care of DM patients, to maintain a good HRQoL. Screening of depression, fatigue, and regular assessment of QoL should be emphasized.
Upper Extremity High-Pressure Injection Injuries with Paint Thinner
Authors: Ipek Bugra , Sener Ugurcan , Elmas Feridun , Seven Ergin , Uslu Aysegül , Karamürsel Sebat
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

High-pressure injection injuries are rare traumas of upper extremity which can result in high morbidity incompatible with presentation. Clinical presentation right after the injury can be misleading and might cause underrating of the condition. This may lead to latencies in treatment and might worsen the final prognosis of the patients. Prognosis changes according to the material injected, pressure the material is injected, injection site, and time between the injury and the onset of treatment. Digit amputation rates are between 16% and 48% in literature series, and this seems to decrease with early debridement.

Materials and Methods:

Emergency department referrals are searched retrospectively for patients with high-pressure injection injuries. Four patients were found that were treated for injured with high-pressure injection gun with paint thinner or mixtures. Relevant literature was searched and discussed.

Results:

Three out of four patients needed amputations (75%). Two patients needed flap surgery for reconstruction: one interpolation and one free flap. The average time from hospitalization to definitive operation was 9.5 days (minimum 6, maximum 15 days). Fingertip injuries resulted in amputations, and amputation level was more proximal than the injury level which was connected to the dissemination of the injected material.

Discussion:

High-pressure injection injuries can cause devastating results if neglected, and can be overlooked with inexperienced eyes. Usually, there are minimal complaints from the patients on the onset of the injury, but symptoms exacerbate by time. Early debridement in the first 6 h is crucial for lowering amputation rates. Injected material has a great impact on the outcomes, and organic solvents such as paint thinner, paints, diesel, and engine oil have worse outcomes and higher amputation rates.

Conclusion:

High-pressure injection injuries need emergency surgical intervention and should not be neglected. Delay in treatment of these cases could cause detrimental outcomes.
Malaria and Intestinal Helminth Co-infection among Pregnant Women Attending Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Chessed G. , Ibeh G.O. , Daskum A.M. , Manu J.M.
Published: October 2021

Malaria and intestinal helminth infections are of public health concern globally, particularly among the risk groups like pregnant women in developing countries. In this study the prevalence of malaria and intestinal helminth coinfection and their relationship with anaemia were assessed. Two hundred (200) pregnant women aged between 16-55 years reporting to Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe (FTHG), Gombe State for antenatal clinics were enrolled at booking. Venous blood and stool samples were collected from each participant who consented to participate in this study, for haemoglobin estimation, determination of malaria parasitaemia and intestinal helminth parasite. Microscopy and Formal-ether concentration technique (FECT) were used to estimate the prevalence of malaria and determine the presence of intestinal helminth parasite, respectively. Chi-square (χ2) test was used to analyse the relationship between prevalence of intestinal helminth infection with Malaria and Anaemia among the participant. Results obtained revealed that 107 (53.5%) who consented to participate in the study are positive for malaria, with 11 (5.5%) infected with both  malaria and intestinal helminths. Findings also revealed that more women 116 (58%) had mild anaemia among the study  population. Three intestinal helminths Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichiuris trichiura and Hookworms were also recovered. A significant (P≤ 0.05) correlation between the prevalence of malaria, intestinal helminth and anaemia. Findings of this study provides an insight and further improves our understanding of the some clinical factors responsible for anaemia in pregnancy.
Prevalence of Eimeria infection and risk factors associated with domestic chickens raised in Nsukka LGA, Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Okwuonu E.S. , Eneh C.M. , Elijah E.N. , Nnaji F.N. , Andong F.A. , Ani C.P. , Nwosu C.O..
Published: October 2021

Eimeria infection has been considered the most important protozoan infection of the poultry industry in Nigeria because of its high incidence. A total of 400 faecal samples were collected from 10 farms in Nsukka LGA and analyzed using the Wisconsin’s faecal floatation technique. Data on the management practices of these farms were collected using a wellstructured questionnaire. Eimeria tenella was the only identified species. A total of 158 (39.5%) of the domestic chickens sampled were infected with the protozoan parasite. There was significant difference (p < 0.0001) of E. tenella between towns and between the studied farms. Of the 5 towns sampled, the prevalence was highest at Obukpa town 52 (65.0%) and in birds aged 7 weeks 20 (83.3%) and least at Edem 2 (2.5%) and in birds aged 32 weeks 2 (5.0%). The mean intensity of infection was highest at Obukpa (9.35 ± 9.24) and in birds aged 4weeks (11.50 ± 11.09) and least in Edem town and in birds aged 32 weeks. The difference in prevalence between birds of different ages was significant (p <0.0001). Majority of the farms practiced deep litter housing compared to battery cage users (90% vs. 10%). The most used vaccine was combination 7 (70%). Fifty percent of the farms employed the expertise of veterinary doctors in vaccine administration. Eimeria infection, the main cause of coccidiosis in chicken, has continued to be a major challenge in poultry production and management. Conclusively, the prevalence of Eimeria infection is moderately low as a result of the widespread use of vaccines and anticoccidials.
The efficacy of methanolic root bark extract of Khaya senegalensis against Plasmodium Berghei in laboratory white albino mice
Authors: Auta K.I. , Tirzah S. , Ikpa T.F. , Isaac A.I.
Published: October 2021

The spread of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum and the alarming emergence of multidrug-resistant strains have raised an urgent need to search for new drugs. In many tropical and sub-tropical countries, plants have traditionally been used to treat fever and other symptoms associated with malaria parasite. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the methanolic extract of Khaya senegalensis root bark against P. berghei in white albino mice. Two parameters were employed to evaluate the efficacy of the extract against P. berghei in white albino mice. A parallel test was carried out with chloroquine. Twenty-five albino mice were used in the experiment. The albino mice were grouped into six groups. Three groups served as negative, positive, and standard control respectively, groups four, five and six were treated with 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg of the extract for suppressive and curative activity. The extract showed a strong anti plasmodial activity against P. berghei both in the two parameters. (2.0±0.0 and 2.0±1.0) corresponding to 91.7% curative and 93.3% suppressive, while the control groups three, two and one correspond to 76.7%, 00.0 and 00.0 respectively. The mean parasitemia reduction in groups four, five and six were significant (p<0.05). The results indicate that although chloroquine was still effective against the parasite, the extract of Khaya senegalensis reduced the mean parasitemia more than chloroquine which was used as standard control. This implies that the extract has stronger antimalarial activity compared to the standard chloroquine drug.
Intestinal Parasitoses and CD4 Levels among HIV/AIDS Patients Attending a Health Facility in Akpabuyo, Nigeria
Authors: Otu-Bassey I.B. , Eyo G.O. , Okafor I.M. , Useh M.F.
Published: October 2021

Many HIV/AIDS patients still present with low CD4 count and other complications even when placed on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Prevalence of intestinal parasitoses and their influence on CD4 levels of HIV/AIDS patients attending a Hospital in Nigeria was studied to determine their role in low CD4 levels during treatment. Two hundred and fifty HIV sero-positive and 100 sero-negative subjects were recruited for the study. HIV screening was done using Determine and confirmed with Unigold with Start Park as tie breaker. Questionnaires were used to obtain subject’s bio-data, Partec Cyflow counter (GEM Laboratories, Germany) was used for estimation and differentiation of CD4 cells while parasites were detected using direct stool microscopy, formal ether and modified Ziehl Neelson techniques. Prevalence of parasites was 25 (7.1%) with test subjects being more infected (7.6%) than  controls (6.0%) (P < 0.001). The parasites detected were Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (7.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (4.2%), Gairdia intestinalis (1.2%), Cryptosporidium parvum (0.6%), and Hookworm (0.4%). Parasite positive subjects had significantly lower mean CD4 count (373.3±275.6 c/μl) than their parasite negative counterpart (626.7±337.6 c/μl), P = 0.028, and likewise in the control group.  HIV/parasite infected subjects on ART had significantly lower mean CD4 count (391.8±270 c/μl) than HIV/parasite negative subjects on ART (659.8±331.1), P = 0.01. Intestinal parasitoses may aggravate CD4 reduction in HIV/AIDS patients even when on  HAART, hence undermine the potency of ART and hinder their successful management. Screening tests before baseline treatment for HIV/AIDS patients should include parasitological diagnosis.
Evaluation of malaria parasites in relation to Blood Groups among participants attending tertiary health facility, Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Lema S.Y. , Abdullahi K. , Yahaya M.A. , Ibrahim J. , Suleiman J. , Hashimu M.
Published: October 2021

Malaria is still considered a major public health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries of the world especially Africa, which Nigeria is among. Studies were conducted to evaluate malaria parasites in blood group of 440 consented participants in Sokoto Specialist Hospital. Blood samples were collected from each of the participants, and examined parasitologically using the thick and thin blood techniques. Overall 69.09 percent of malaria prevalence was recorded. It was statistically observed to be higher but insignificant in males (71.43%) than in females (69.96%) while the result of malaria prevalence according to age group of the subjects  showed a significant difference (P<0.05), age group <5 years (76.08%) had the highest prevalence and age group >45 years (51.43%) had the lowest prevalence of malarial infection. Chi-square test revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) of susceptibility of malaria, subjects with blood group O (73.24%) had the highest prevalence of malarial infection compared to blood group B (65.22%) and then blood group A (33.33%). This study therefore, revealed a high prevalence of malaria parasite infection in the study area, which indicated a high risk of morbidity and mortality in the area and that individuals with ABO blood group O are more vulnerable to malarial infection. Therefore, in a bid to save lives, this research recommended for a holistic  approach in the fight against malaria infection, which will aid the molecular and genetic understanding for how malaria health policy would be evidence-based in the control of disease and enhanced public enlightenments is also recommended.
How (Not) to Evaluate U.S. Decline and the Emerging Great Power Rivalry
Authors: Wohlforth С.
Published: October 2021

William С. Wohlforth is an American political scientist. Since 2000 he has been a Member of the Government Department’s faculty at Dartmouth College. William С. Wohlforth graduated with a degree in international relations from Beloit College, worked as a legislative aid in the U.S. House of Representatives, and did his graduate work at Yale University, earning an M.A. in international relations and PhD in Political Science. He taught at Princeton and Georgetown. William С. Wohlforth's expertise covers international security and foreign policy. His most recent books are “America Abroad: The United States’ Global Role in the 21st Century” (Oxford, 2018), with co-author Stephen G. Brooks, and “The Oxford Handbook of International Security” (Oxford 2018) co-edited with Alexandra Gheciu. He is currently working on a book on subversion among great powers.
Strategic stability at 30+ years: stasis, evolution, or degradation?
Authors: Stefanovich D. V.
Published: October 2021

“Strategic stability” as a characteristic of military and political relations with a low possibility of large-scale armed confl ict between great powers remains one of the basic notions of international security, especially in its nuclear missile dimension. At the same time, this notion also sets forth tangible state of strategic forces of two (or potentially more) nations and the framework of risk reduction and arms control measures preventing a nuclear war. The purpose of this study is to identify the main trends in this area and how strategic stability can be maintained and enhanced. To this end, I review the main offi cial doctrinal documents and statements in this area, international arms control treaties, trends in the development of the armed forces, and academic and expert publications. It is concluded that strategic stability can be preserved under increasing infl uence of a growing number of new factors, both political (including degradation of arms control regimes) and technological. Among the latter are modernization and development of means for delivery of nuclear warheads, growth of long-range precision-guided non-nuclear weapons potential, increase of antagonism in new environments. The experts point out the need for active work of the academic community and diplomats to fi nd new solutions ensuring maintenance of strategic stability in the future. Negative scenarios are outlined in the absence of such solutions.
Book Review: Manolescu, D. (2019). Tips. A Guidebook for Teaching Excellence in ESL
Authors: Hill Jerell B.
Published: October 2021

The Guide for Teaching Excellence in ESL provides several demonstrations of the connection between language and culture. The book outlined the history behind words, the development of languages and alphabets, and the relationship between language and culture. Dan Manolescu recognized the student needs and core competencies that teachers must demonstrate to improve learning outcomes for students learning English. The book provided references to establish sources of information to support the author's work and approach to ESL instruction. He used his knowledge and experiences to create a comprehensive work that may benefit those new and veteran teachers who support ESL students. The author's knowledge of language and teaching is very evident throughout the book. The author signals the importance of performing an environmental scan when providing instructional tips to students because excellence can be achieved and is vital to building knowledge.
Uso de condroitina e glucosamina no tratamento da osteoartrite
Authors: Ferrari Antonio J. L.
Published: October 2021

A osteoartrite (OA) caracteriza-se por alteração na cartilagem, mas também no osso subcondral e na membrana sinovial, sob modificações metabólicas e estruturais de acordo com a progressão da doença. O desafio é identificar os fenótipos para um tratamento particularizado. Até o momento, o manuseio no tratamento para OA consiste, predominantemente, no tratamento sintomático, isto é, redução da dor e melhora da funcionabilidade articular, com a combinação de abordagens farmacológicas e não farmacológicas.
Os glucosaminoglicans, como o sulfato de condroitina (CS) e a glucosamina – sulfato de glucosamina (GS) e/ou cloridrato de glucosamina (GHCL) –, são dois compostos naturais considerados symptomatic slow acting drugs for osteoarthritis (SYSADOA). Tem-se demonstrado que esses compostos possuem capacidade de modificar a doença (disease-modifying – DMOAD), baseando-se na medida de redução do espaço articular em radiografias.
O emprego desses produtos, bem como a relevância de sua eficácia clínica, estão em constante debate, desde que começaram a ser comercializados over the counter como suplementos alimentares nos EUA e como drogas registradas na Europa. Empregados na Europa por muitos anos, continuam muito populares em vários países. São recomendados por vários guidelines de sociedades internacionais para tratamento da OA de joelhos e quadris, enquanto outras não recomendam, ou recomendam sob condições. Assim, os guidelines da European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) e o 2010 OARSI para tratamento da OA de joelhos recomendam o CS e o GS. Em contraste, o UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) não os recomenda, principalmente por razões econômicas, enquanto o American College of Rheumatology (ACR) os recomenda sob condições. Recentemente, o OARSI lançou novos guidelines baseados nos prévios guidelines para OA, uma atualização do 2010 OARSI, com revisão sistemática e consenso de 13 experts, empregando o RAND/UCLA appropriateness method e Delphi processo de votação. Os experts votaram em uma incerta excelência para o CS e o GS, apesar da boa evidência em qualidade, com um escore de muito baixo risco e para um moderado a grande efeito (acima de 0,75 para SC) e alto escore de benefício.
O CS e o GS mostram efeitos benéficos em modelos in vitro, no metabolismo de células derivadas da sinóvia articular: condrócitos, sinoviócitos e células do osso subcondral, todas elas comprometidas no processo de OA. O CS e o GS aumentam o colágeno tipo II e a síntese de proteoglicans em condrócitos articulares humanos e estão aptos a reduzir a produção de algumas proteases e mediadores pró-inflamatórios, para reduzir o processo de morte celular e aumentar o balanço anabólico/catabólico da matriz da cartilagem extracelular.
Estudos clínicos relatam efeito benéfico do CS e GS sobre a dor e a funcionabilidade articular. Resultados para OA de joelhos demonstram pequena, porém significante diminuição da taxa de redução do espaço articular.
Uso de medicações antirreumáticas na concepção e durante a gestação – considerações breves
Authors: Mota Licia Maria Henrique da
Published: October 2021

Algumas doenças reumáticas autoimunes acometem desproporcionalmente mais o gênero feminino, incluindo pacientes em idade fértil, quando a gestação pode ocorrer de forma planejada ou não. Os avanços no diagnóstico e manejo dessas doenças, em especial as modificações na abordagem terapêutica e o uso de novas classes de medicamentos, trouxeram significativa melhora da morbimortalidade da maioria das doenças reumáticas autoimunes, o que também acarretou a maior possibilidade de ocorrência de gestação.
É essencial considerar que, especialmente nas doenças reumáticas autoimunes com envolvimento orgânico importante, há risco de eventos adversos para a mãe e para o feto durante a gestação, sendo muitas vezes necessário tratamento durante o período de planejamento gestacional, de gravidez e de puerpério, para controle de atividade da doença materna.
O uso de medicações durante o período concepcional, gestacional e da lactação ocasiona grande ansiedade para a paciente gestante e para o médico que necessita prescrevê-las. Escolher o tratamento apropriado para pacientes gestantes e lactantes é, portanto, extremamente desafiador.
O objetivo desta breve revisão é resumir as evidências atuais sobre a segurança do uso de medicações antirreumáticas durante o período da concepção e gestação.
Resource Use Efficiency Among Aerobic and Conventional Rice Farms in Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Kumar Thejaswi
Published: October 2021

The efficiency with which farmers use available resources is very important for agricultural production. This study examines the comparative resource use efficiency (RUE) between aerobic and conventional rice farms in Eastern Dry Zone (Zone-5) of Karnataka. Cross-sectional data were collected from 100 rice cultivating farmers (50 in Aerobic farms and 50 in Conventional farms) using snow ball sampling technique. Cobb-Douglas production function, Marginal analysis of resource utilization, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) were some of the analytical tools used in the study. The mean aerobic farm size was 0.43 ha while in Conventional rice, it was 0.63 ha. The physical water use efficiency (WUE) in aerobic farms (3.84 q/acre inch) was higher than conventional farms (1.64 q/acre inch). Also, the economic WUE was higher in aerobic farms (1643.54 `/acre inch) compared to conventional farms (269.41 `/acre inch). RUE indicated that, resources were not optimally utilized in both Aerobic Rice Cultivation (ARC) and Conventional Rice Cultivation (CRC). Bullock labour, machine labour, seeds and irrigation were underutilized in ARC, whereas, FYM was underutilized in CRC indicating that usage of additional amount of these inputs leads to increase in the returns. The DEA revealed that aerobic rice cultivating farms were more technically and economically efficient compared to conventional rice cultivating farms. Effective policies to promote and create awareness about aerobic rice can boost the rice production and productivity sustainably. The focus should be given to optimal allocation of resources which enhances the farm productivity and returns
Indian Coffee: A Quadragenary Growth Analysis
Authors: M.C. Abhinav
Published: October 2021

Coffee, the favorite beverage of the civilized world, plays a more significant role in India’s trade-dependent agriculture. More than 70 percent (3,08,148 tonnes) of coffee produced in the country was exported in the year 2020. The majority of Indian coffee plantations are in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. The present study overviews the growth trends in the area, production, productivity, and export of Indian coffee from 1980-81 to 2019-20 by employing CAGR estimates. Indian coffee exhibited an overall growth of 1.98, 2.96, 0.98, 4.42, and 10.37 percent in area, production, productivity, quantity, and value of export, respectively, over the last 40 years. Even with significant positive growth in all the components, the Indian coffee sector is experiencing difficulties due to climatic aberrations, bottlenecks in the export business, including quality issues, and heavy competition from traditional and emerging coffee growers and traders in the international market.
Growth Rate of Pulses in Eastern Uttar Pradesh a Zone-wise Analysis
Authors: Pandey Ekta
Published: October 2021

Attempts are made in this paper to investigate the trend of pulses in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, as well as their instability and non-linear model. This time series data on pulses pertains to the period 1980-1981 to 2014-15 and includes information on the area, production, and productivity of pulses. Pulses have had negative growth in terms of area, production, and productivity in all three zones of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, namely, the North Eastern plain zone, the Eastern plain zone, and the Vindhyan zone. Since 1980-81, there has been a rise in the area and output of pulses in the Vindhyan zone, as seen by the percentage change. The Eastern plain zone has the most stable pulse crop in terms of instability
Estimation of Growth Rates and Decomposition Analysis of Major Fruit Crops in Punjab, India
Authors: Singh Gurpreet
Published: October 2021

Horticulture has been increasingly significant in supplying key elements to Punjabis’ diets. From 2010-11 to 2018-2019, the study examines the trends and variations in area, production, and yield of fruit crops in Punjab. The state’s trends in fruit area, production, and yield tend to be good for key fruits (citrus, mango, guava, and pear) in practically all areas. The decline in production of guava during the year 2016-17 and in production of pear during the year 2015-16 & 2016-17 was due to downward growth in area in during these years. Results of Cuddy-Della Valle Index indicates that fluctuations in production of major fruits i.e. constantly increasing over time (from 2010-2019); however, instability in their area mounted and reached to the highest levels for guava, mango and pear again in 2017-18 and 2018-19. While, disparity in pear production were the highest in 2015-16 followed by 2016-17. On the basis of growth rate data these can be ascribed to expansion in area to a great extent and remarkably in productivity improvement. During the study period, fruit production differs due to area in guava and pear, though productivity is not changed greatly. The results of decomposition analysis specify comparably intense stimulus of area expansion in production of guava and pear. Due to the scarcity of agricultural land, there are few opportunities to expand the area of fruit crops. As a result, improvements in fruit crop output levels are essential to maintain healthy growth in fruit output
Growth & Determinants of Fertilizer Consumption in India: Application of Demand and Supply Side Models
Authors: Jadhav Vilas
Published: October 2021

This paper estimated the growth of fertilizer consumption in India and forecasted it upto the year 2030 and both supply side and demand side factors which influences it. The results indicated that consumption of fertilizers had been increased at the rate of 4.16 per cent. The demand side determinants like area under irrigation reflected at the rate of 1.42 per cent growth, average minimum support prices showed a growth rate of 7 per cent and a short term institutional credit registered a growth rate of 17 per cent. Area under irrigation and sum of average MSP encourages the fertilizer consumption substantially. The supply side factors viz., production, import and subsidy were influencing the fertilizer consumption significantly. The total fertilizer demand is expected to reach at 57 million tons by 2030 and at the same time, rate of consumption might enhanced to 277 kg per hectare. It is concluded that import is unavoidable to meet the gap between domestic production and total demand.
MOTIVAÇÃO E PRODUTIVIDADE: CONSIDERAÇÕES TEÓRICAS SOBRE A IMPORTÂNCIA DE UM BOM LÍDER NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES
Authors: Ferraz Carvalho Andrey , Maia Borges Silvana , Turchetti Bernardi Jonathan
Published: October 2021

As mudanças sociais e tecnológicas demandam novas formas de organização, comunicação, bem como de liderar uma empresa. Além disso, para se ter trabalhadores dispostos e motivados é necessário, também, um líder motivado. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi entender a influência da liderança na motivação de colaboradores, bem como seu impacto na produtividade das organizações. Para atingir tal propósito foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, qualitativa, de cunho exploratório, através da busca de publicações na SciELO, o que resultou no total de 73 artigos. Dentre estes materiais foram selecionados os artigos que retratavam a motivação nos processos de gestão e no bem-estar dos colaboradores, restando, após a identificação daqueles que não atendiam aos critérios de inclusão da pesquisa, sete artigos, os quais foram analisados e discutidos no estudo. Assim, verificou-se que a liderança e a motivação são fatores fundamentais para a produtividade e alcance de objetivos no trabalho. A liderança relaciona-se com a cultura organizacional, sendo percebido que um líder pode criar, manter ou mudar os tipos de cultura das organizações, conquanto que a cultura também molda aspectos do líder. Concluiu-se que a competitividade tem crescido e apenas resultados não bastam para o desenvolvimento de uma organização, é preciso que haja um ambiente motivador para que os colaboradores possam desempenhar suas atividades com maior empenho e engajamento, sem prejudicar sua saúde no trabalho.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X MIPA-1 PADA MATERI GERAK MELINGKAR BERATURAN MELALUI METODE LEARNING START WITH A QUESTION (LSWQ) DI SMA NEGERI 1 GLUMPANG TIGA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020-2021
Authors: Nurmala Cut
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bahwa metode pembelajaran Learning Start With A Question dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada siswa kelas X MIPA-1 SMA  Negeri  1 Glumpang Tiga tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian yang dilakukan tergolong sebagai penelitian eksperimental dengan one group pretest posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas X MIPA-1 SMA Negeri 1 Glumpang Tiga Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik simple randoms ampling, yang kemudian diperoleh kelas X MIPA-1 sebagai sampel. Peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif diketahui dari nilai rata-rata pretest dan posttes siswa, sedangkan peningkatan minat diketahui dari skor rata-rata angket yang diberikan sebelum dan setelah pembelajaran. Uji yang digunakan untuk mengetahui peningkatan minat dan hasil belajar siswa adalah menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif siswa sebesar Padas Siklus I hasil pree test menunjukkan siswa yang tuntas ada 13 orang atau 43,33% dengan nilai rata-rata 67,5 dan hasil post test siswa yang tuntas ada 21 orang atau 70% dengan nilai rata-rata 72,5.  pada Siklus II untuk pree tes siswa yang tuntas ada 15 orang atau 50% dengan nilai rata-rata 70,83 dan pada post test siswa yang tuntas ada 28 orang atau 93,33% dengan nilai rata-rata 81,5. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode pembelajaran Learning Start With A Question dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan minat dan hasil belajar fisika siswa lkelas X MIPA-1 SMA Negeri 1 Glumpang Tiga Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Kata Kunci:  Minat, Hasil Belajar, Learning Start With A Question
SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Anjali Bagmar , Komal Tikariya
Published: October 2021

Oral delivery of drugs is the most preferable route of drug delivery due to the ease of administration, patient compliance and flexibility in formulation, etc. Sustained release constitutes are the dosage form that provides medication over an extended time or denotes that the system is able to provide some actual therapeutic control whether this is of a temporal nature, spatial nature or both. The objective of the study was to explore the necessity, advantages and various techniques of extended release matrix tablet to get a constant drug delivery rate and reproducible kinetics for advance delivery. Matrix tablets are the type of controlled drug delivery systems, which release the drug in continuous manner by dissolution controlled as well as diffusion controlled mechanisms. To control the release of the drugs, which are having different solubility properties, the drug is dispersed in swellable hydrophilic substances, an insoluble matrix of rigid non swellable hydrophobic materials or plastic materials. Matrix tablets can be formulated by either direct compression or wet granulation method by using a variety of hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymers. The extended release matrix tablets can assure better patient compliance through reduction in total dose and dosage regimen, which can be great help to treat chronic diseases. This review highlights the types of matrices, mechanisms involved and evaluation studies.
Upaya Peningkatan Kinerja Guru Melalui Kegiatan KKG/MGMP PAI
Authors: Al Fathoni Abd. Aziz Muslim
Published: October 2021

Dalam hubungannya dengan dunia pendidikan, maka Kinerja Guru dapat didefinisikan sebagai sejauhmana seorang guru bekerja secara maksimal sesuai dengan kemampuan yang dimilikinya dalam upaya mencapai tujuan institusional. Kemampuan seorang guru akan terlihat pada saat mengajar yang dapat diukur dari kompetensi mengajarnya. Kinerja guru merupakan proses pembelajaran sebagai upaya mengembangkan kegiatan yang ada menjadi kegiatan yang lebih baik, sehingga tujuan pendidikan yang telah ditetapkan dicapai dengan baik melalui suatu kegiatan pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan oleh guru sesuai dengan target dan tujuan.
A Clinical Study on Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Tertiary Care
Teaching Hospital
Authors: Katari Arun , M. Ramu
Published: October 2021

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is gaining
popularity for the surgical treatment of gallbladder diseases.
The technique has advantages of safe surgery, minimal
complications, lower duration of hospital stay, and early return
to normal activities. We in the current study tried to evaluate
the outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomies done in our
tertiary care teaching hospital.
Methods: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria n=40
cases were identified and treated with laparoscopic
cholecystectomy. A complete history which included the pasthistory, family history, socioeconomic status, nature of
symptoms, diet history was obtained. All the patients
underwent a complete clinical examination. The investigations
carried out were complete blood picture, bleeding time,
clotting time, ECG, LFT, KFT, FBS, blood groups, chest x-ray,
and Ultrasound scan of the abdomen. All cases were operated
as per the standard procedures.
Results: The most common sign recorded in the cases was pain
in right hypochondrium. Out of n=40 cases, 95% were present
with pain 5% was without pain. Clinical jaundice was found in
10% of cases and tenderness was found on examination in 95%
of cases. USG showed the presence of multiple stones was in
76% of cases, thickening of the gall bladder was in 80% cases
and presence of mass was detected in 8% of cases. The follow-up period was 3 months in which no complications were
reported.
Conclusion: The study found that most of the cases of
cholelithiasis now occurring across the spectrum of different
ages. The diagnosis has now become easy with the presence
of ultrasonography which has sensitivity and specificity. The
motto of safe surgery, low morbidity, and early back to work is
best done with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Assessment of morbidity and mortality by P-POSSUM scores
in Emergency GI Surgeries
Authors: G Chandra Shekhar Goud , Kale Rajesh
Published: October 2021

Background: Assessment of morbidity and mortality risk in
emergency gastrointestinal surgeries is a fairly difficult
challenge. To have a better scientific, reliable, and reproducible
method of assessment POSSUM and its modified version PPOSSUM scores have been devised. In this study, we tried to
evaluate the P-POSSUM Scores in patients undergoing
emergency GI surgical procedures.
Methods: This study was done in the Department of General
Surgery, PIMS a tertiary care hospital. Consecutive emergency
surgical procedures following inclusion and exclusion criteria
were selected for the study. A total of n=50 cases were included
in the study. P-POSSUM scores were derived for each of the
cases and analysis of the predicted morbidity and mortality
was compared.
Results: The range of 9.9% risk was done to categorize into 10
different groups with increasing order of scores. The highest
frequency was observed in 20.1 – 30.0% which was 22% lower
frequency scores were observed in higher extremes. The
morbidity risk scores show the highest frequency in 32% in
the range of > 90.0 cases followed by 80.1 – 90.0 having cases
of 28%.
Conclusion: P-POSSUM is an accurate and reliable scoring
method for assessing morbidity and mortality in emergency
Gastrointestinal surgeries. However, it was found to
overestimate mortality and morbidity in our patient
population. P-POSSUM over-estimates risk for morbidity in lowrisk groups w
Nutrient Metabolisability of Treated False Yam (Icacina Oliviformis) Seed meal for Broiler Chickens
Authors: Mohammed Alhassan , Dei Herbert K. , Weseh Addah , R. Roessler , Schlecht E.
Published: October 2021

A study was conducted to evaluate apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nutrient metabolisability (NM) of maize-based diets containing treated false yam seed meal (TFYSM) using a 5x6 factorial [5 treatment samples (Un_T, Urea_T, NaCl_T, NaOH_T and KOH_T) at 6 levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50) each] design for 15 days. Matured false yam (Icacina oliviformis) fruits were harvested and seeds extracted. Five different FYSM samples were prepared. One untreated sample (Un_T) was prepared by crushing fresh false yam seed and sun-drying to 12% moisture. Four treated samples (T) were crushed and each soaked in water (1:2; w/v) for 12 days with water replaced every 3 days. Afterwards, each sample was re-soaked in 1 M concentration of urea (Urea_T), sodium chloride (NaCl_T), sodium hydroxide (NaOH_T) or potassium hydroxide (KOH_T), for 24 h, washed, blanched and sun-dried to a moisture content of 12%. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of the experimental diets indicated an increasing trend of AME values as the level of FYSM samples were increased in the diets. Generally, all the treatment diets showed a higher AME content. However, among the treatment diets, urea, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide-treated FYSM-based diets out-performed their sodium chloride treated counterpart (P<0.001) in their AME values. The nutrient metabolisability coefficients of varying inclusion levels of each treated FYSM sample did not influence (P>0.05) the coefficients of metabolisability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP). However, in terms of methods of processing, DM metabolisability was significantly higher (P<0.001) in the FYSM samples that were sequentially treated with water-based and chemical treatment methods than in the untreated sample. Among the sequentially treated FYSM samples, sodium hydroxide-treated samples had the highest (P<0.001) gross energy metabolisability, while the untreated sample recorded the lowest (P<0.001) gross energy metabolisability. The interaction between level of inclusion and treatment methods in this study showed that treatment methods had different effects on crude protein metabolisability (P < 0.011) and gross energy metabolisability (P < 0.017) values of FYSM samples depending on the level of inclusion.
The pyruvate kinase activity in peripheral and uterine blood in women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer
Authors: Dziechciowski Marek , Zapała Barbara , Piwowar Monika , Chmura Olaf , Skotniczny Krzysztof , Duda-Wiewiórka Magdalena , Solnica Bogdan , Pityński Kazimierz
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Pyruvate kinase in an enzyme that catalyzes the production of pyruvate and ATP as the final step of the glycolysis. Potential role of Pyruvate kinase in tumorigenesis was previously suggested, due to its altered activity in several tumors.

Material and methods

This study looks at M2 isozyme of pyruvate kinase activity (M2-PK) measured in peripheral and uterine blood plasma in various stages of endometrial cancer (EC) as well as in precancerous state of atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH). Measurements were performed using spectrophotometric method in citrate plasma samples from peripheral and uterine blood. Study group included 84 patients with endometrial cancer, 28 patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and 23 non-cancerous controls.

Results

Pyruvate kinase activity in EC group was 3-fold higher than in control group both in peripheral and uterine blood samples. Pyruvate kinase activity was also 3-fold higher in uterine blood when compared to peripheral blood samples. We also found statistically significant correlation between FIGO staging and detected activity with the M2-PK activity being 2-fold higher for FIGO1 than for FIGO3. We also describe a paradox in which the M2-PK activity in patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia is lower than M2-PK activity in control group in peripheral blood samples, but higher in uterine blood samples.

Conclusions

The measurement of citrate plasma pyruvate kinase metabolic activity varies greatly between samples collected from different sites and samples collected from patients with varied tumor staging. Further studies are needed in order to elucidate molecular pathways that are responsible for observed differences.
AVALIAÇÃO DA PROPRIEDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DE FILME BIODEGRADÁVEL DE AMIDO E ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE CRAVO DA ÍNDIA
Authors: Costa Mérida Layara Xavier , Aquino Aureluci Alves De , Rocha Vivianne Cambuí Figueiredo
Published: October 2021

Introdução: As perdas pós-colheita de frutas e hortaliças promovem a elevação do custo dos produtos e diminuem a oferta ao consumidor. Suas principais causas estão distribuídas ao longo da cadeia de produção, desde a colheita até o armazenamento inadequado. O tomate cereja, apresenta várias transformações bioquímicas e fisiológicas durante o seu amadurecimento, reduzindo significativamente sua vida pós-colheita. Objetivo: Nesta perspectiva, objetivou-se avaliar a propriedade antimicrobiana de filme biodegradável à base de amido, adicionado de óleo essencial de cravo-da-índia, na conservação póscolheita de tomate-cereja armazenado em temperatura ambiente. Material e métodos: Inicialmente, os filmes biodegradáveis foram produzidos, onde todos os ingredientes presentes em sua composição (amido, amido modificado, gelatina e glicerol) foram diluídos em água destilada e aquecidos a 95°C, sob agitação por aproximadamente 15 minutos, até obtenção de solução gelatinosa. Em seguida, diferentes porcentagens de OE, foram adicionadas, espalhando a solução em bandejas de polietileno previamente higienizadas, deixando secar em temperatura ambiente até formação da película, resultando em cinco tratamentos, T1, T2, T3, T4 e T5. T1 (tratamento controle), os filmes foram produzidos sem adição do OE e, nos demais, adicionou-se OE nas concentrações de 2,5%, 5,0%, 7,5%, e 10,0%. Posteriormente, os frutos foram embalados pelo filme, para realização das análises de coliformes totais, termotolerantes e fungos filamentosos, procedendo da diluição das amostras coletadas, onde 25 g da amostra foi triturada e homogeneizada em 225 mL de água peptonada esterilizada, obtendo assim a primeira diluição (10-1). Após este procedimento foram transferidas alíquotas de 1 mL para tubos contendo 9 mL de água peptonada estéril para obtenção das demais diluições seriadas até a diluição de 10-3. As análises, foram realizadas em duplicata nos períodos de 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias de armazenamento. Resultados: Para coliformes totais e termotolerantes, os tratamentos T2 e T3 foram mais efetivos na inibição destes microrganismos. T3 e T5, não apresentaram contagens de fungos filamentosos no 8º e 12º dia de armazenamento. Conclusão: O filme foi eficaz para a conservação dos tomates-cereja. O tratamento T3 (filme adicionado de 5,0% de OE de cravo da índia) foi o que melhor atuou na inibição e controle de crescimento microbiano.
Persekitaran Penyiaran: Tinjauan Awal Radio Kristian Pertama di Sabah
Authors: Ibrahim SabahIntan Soliha , Alex Jalane Vilvin , Salleh Norhuda
Published: October 2021

Teknologi Komunikasi terkini dilihat sebagai ancaman kepada industri radio khususnya di Malaysia. Radio sebagai salah satu medium komunikasi dikatakan agak ketinggalan dengan pesaing media digital khususnya Internet. Kajian juga menunjukkan perkembangan radio sebagai medium komunikasi mengambil masa 38 tahun untuk menembusi 50 juta pendengar, berbanding televisyen dan Internet, masing-masing 13 tahun dan empat tahun. mengambil masa 38 tahun untuk menembusi 50 juta pendengar, berbanding televisyen dan Internet, masing-masing 13 tahun dan empat tahun. Situasi ini menunjukkan kadar ketembusan radio adalah perlahan. Walau bagaimanapun, pendigitalan telah merubah broadcast environment radio sama ada dari aspek penerbitan, pengendalian bilik hubungan (studio radio) dan transmisi siaran. Perubahan yang dimaksudkan merujuk kepada perubahan yang dibawa oleh teknologi baru terhadap broadcast environment radio sehingga stesen radio menerima impak kritikal. Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis wacana broadcast environment radio stesen yang berorientasi keagamaan dan menganalisis cabaran yang dihadapi oleh pengurusan radio keagamaan yang bersiaran di Sabah.
Pengaruh Budaya dalam Antuka Masyarakat Iranun di Daerah Kota Belud
Authors: Amat Asmiaty , Abdul Samad Lokman , Uziah Harapan Dayang
Published: October 2021

Masyarakat Iranun yang menempati daerah Kota Belud, Sabah memiliki folklor, termasuklah antuka atau teka-teki. Antuka masyarakat Iranun sangat unik dan masih diluncurkan oleh penduduk di beberapa buah kampung di daerah Kota Belud. Kajian lapangan berupa pemerhatian dan temu bual dilakukan di beberapa buah kampung di Kota Belud, iaitu Kampung Rampayan Laut, Kampung Rampayan Ulu, Kampung Pantai Emas, Kampung Payas-payas dan Kampung Tamau. Kajian ini menganalisis antuka dengan memberi pengkelasan tema dan menganalisisnya menggunakan kaedah fenomenologi Schutz. Kajian mendapati bahawa antuka mempunyai perkaitan yang sangat rapat dengan budaya dan tingkah laku masyarakat Iranun. Perkaitan antara puisi rakyat dan budaya yang dilaksanakan masyarakat Iranun terpancar menerusi antuka yang dihasilkan masyarakat tersebut. Budaya yang terpancar dalam antuka memaparkan identiti kehidupan masyarakat Iranun serta melambangkan sistem pemikiran dan norma dalam kehidupan masyarakat ini sendiri.