bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glass‐transition temperature of a polyacrylate latex film and its water whitening resistance
Authors: Luo Zhentao , Huang He
Published: August 2019

Polyacrylate latex materials have become a hot area recently in China due to its environmental friendliness. However, the water whitening resistance of the polyacrylate latex products in the market is largely unsatisfactory, which seriously affects the appearance and performance of the latex products. In this work, the effect of glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of a polyacrylate latex film on its water whitening resistance was investigated. The light transmittance measurement showed that the higher the Tg of the latex film, the better the water whitening resistance. Atomic force microscope, surface element analysis, static water contact angle measurement, and attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared were used to characterize the accumulation of the emulsifier on the surface of the latex film. It was found that the amount of emulsifier migrated to the surface of the latex film increased with the increase of the Tg of the latex film, that is, the amount of emulsifier remained inside the latex film decreased, thereby reducing its affinity to water. In addition, the higher the Tg of the latex film, the lower the water absorption, also reducing the affinity of the latex film to water. Both work together to improve the water whitening resistance of polyacrylate latex film with higher Tg. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48361.
The History of Knowledge and the Future of Knowledge Societies
Authors: Dupré Sven , Somsen Geert
Published: August 2019

The new field of the history of knowledge is often presented as a mere expansion of the history of science. We argue that it has a greater ambition. The re‐definition of the historiographical domain of the history of knowledge urges us to ask new questions about the boundaries, hierarchies, and mutual constitution of different types of knowledge as well as the role and assessment of failure and ignorance in making knowledge. These issues have pertinence in the current climate where expertise is increasingly questioned and authority seems to lose its ground. Illustrated with examples from recent historiography of the sixteenth to twentieth centuries, we indicate some fruitful new avenues for research in the history of knowledge. Taken together, we hope that they will show that the history of knowledge could build the expertise required by the challenges of twenty‐first century knowledge societies, just like the history of science, throughout its development as a discipline in the twentieth century, responded to the demands posed by science and society.
Origin of Difference in the Reactivity of Aliphatic and Aromatic Guanidine‐containing Pharmaceuticals Toward [18F]Fluorination: Coulombic Forces and Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Lee Sung‐Sik , Jang Keun Sam , Lee Byung Chul , Oh Young‐Ho , Park Sung Wook , Kim Dong Woo , Jang Gi Hyung , Lee Sungyul
Published: August 2019

Quantum chemical analysis is presented to elucidate the origin of difference in the reactivity of aliphatic vs. aromatic guanidine‐containing pharmaceuticals toward [18F]fluorination. We focus on the position (near to or far away from the site of reaction) of F− nucleophile in pre‐reaction complexes, as determined by intricate interplay of the Coulombic forces between the ionic species and hydrogen bonding with the –Boc protected guanidine. In [18F]fluorination of aliphatic guanidine compounds, the freely moving nucleophile F− is positioned close to the site of fluorination irrespective of the length of side chain, in agreement with the observed similar reaction yields for –CH2OMs and –CH2CH2CH2OMs side chains. As for the effects of positions of –Boc protection, we predict that the effects would to be contrary to the corresponding aromatic case, with the N, N″‐bis‐Boc protected guanidine compound being much more reactive than the N, N′‐bis‐Boc protected guanidine compound.
Cyanation of Anilines to Aryl Nitriles Using tert‐Butyl Isocyanide: A Simple and Copper‐free Procedure
Authors: Chia Poh Wai , Yong Fu Siong Julius , Mohamad Habsah , Kan Su‐Yin
Published: August 2019

In this manuscript, a simple and copper‐free procedure for the synthesis of aryl nitrile derivatives from anilines is described. Under the improved protocol, the anilines were reacted with tert‐butyl isocyanide under a mild reaction condition without the use of solvents and copper catalyst to synthesize benzonitriles. This copper‐free Sandmeyer‐type reaction could tolerate a range of anilines bearing different functional groups and also can be conducted even without the exclusion of air. In addition, this method has afforded the aryl nitriles in moderate to good yields (52–81%). The obtained results in this study reveal that the tert‐butyl isocyanide as a potential cyanide source for the cyanation reaction.
Did court dismiss student‐athlete's Title IX claim against her university?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: August 2019

The plaintiff, a first‐year Catholic University of America student‐athlete who played on the lacrosse team, reported to a resident assistant in 2012 that she was raped in her residence‐hall room by a freshman football player.
University president sheds light on athletics programs
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: August 2019

In his role as president of Old Dominion University since 2008, John R. Broderick has overseen the renewal of the football program and the addition of volleyball. He has also served on Conference USA's board of directors and on the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I Presidents Forum, mentored aspiring athletics directors, and supervised athletics in a previous role as VP of institutional advancement and admissions. So he knows what it takes to manage a college athletics department through all the expected and unexpected ups and downs.
A primer on self‐injury for parents, educators, and clinicians
Authors: Krcmarik Kelly
Published: August 2019

Despite mounting evidence that self‐injury is a growing problem, it remains poorly understood in the community and not uniformly addressed in the clinical setting. Educational efforts are necessary for both families and clinicians. Recent research will inform this process.
Keep Your Eye On…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2019

The role of brain structure in DMDD vs. bipolar disorder

Importance of social connectedness in suicide prevention

The importance of adding comorbidities to autism genetics
How to predict diagnosis of ASD: Pattern classification vs. stratification
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2019

Pattern‐classification (populations) and stratification (individuals) approaches may be useful in research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but translating them into clinical applicability is a challenge. How is ASD diagnosed, and how can it be predicted? One of the problems is the heterogeneity of ASD, another is that the initial diagnosis may not be as important as the trajectory, and the third is that regardless of the popularity of pattern classification, the people being treated are individuals, not populations.
Internet gaming disorder: Is it a ‘real’ diagnosis?
Authors: Walters Anne
Published: August 2019

Several recent CABL articles have discussed the use of digital media (see “Talking with teens and families about digital media use,” CABL, March 2019) and gaming (“‘Just one more turn!’ Why kids love video games and why adults worry about them,” CABL, September 2018) in children and adolescents, with conclusions focused on the importance of monitoring and conversation with youth and families about screen use. Working with 7–12‐year‐old children in a partial hospital program, the conversations about screens of all types are ubiquitous, but videogaming has increasingly been a topic of concern to parents. One 12‐year‐old boy I worked with recently could identify his gaming as a significant issue for him — both in terms of effect on mood as well as his relationship with his parents. Even with his insight, restrictions on gaming were ineffective over time, as he was simply unable to moderate his usage. When the team and his family made the decision that the games had to be removed, he became depressed and, ultimately, suicidal. This is an extreme example, but struggles over gaming are increasingly common in families, and often the field upon which many battles about compliance and independence are fought.
Drug‐Free Communities can reduce youth substance use
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2019

A report from the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) shows that its Drug‐Free Communities (DFC) programs are showing reduced substance use rates by youth. The report, the 2018 Executive Summary and End‐of‐Year Report, released June 27, is for the DFC grant recipients, who work at the local level to prevent youth substance use: prescription drugs, marijuana, tobacco, alcohol, and more. These programs also encourage youth to understand that vaping, drugs, and alcohol are not part of a healthy lifestyle, with their peers being role models and helpful trainers.
Pure erythroid leukemia, presenting with pancytopenia. Images in Hematology
Authors: Linnik Yevgeniy , Batukbhai Bhavina , Loo Eric
Published: August 2019

Pure erythroid leukemia is an aggressive form of acute leukemia, presenting with pancytopenia. It is defined as a neoplasm of erythroid lineage without a significant myeloblastic component, representing >80% of marrow, with 30% or more proerythroblasts. The disease has a rapid clinical course with median survival of only 3 months.
Crescentic IgA nephropathy along with simultaneous cellular and antibody‐mediated rejection in a kidney transplant leading to rapid allograft failure
Authors: Gani Imran , Kleven Daniel , Mulloy Laura
Published: August 2019

Crescentic IgA Nephropathy in a renal transplant can lead to rapid loss of graft function despite treatment. Concurrent treatment‐resistant acute cellular and antibody‐mediated rejection make the prognosis even worse.
Wireless, Battery‐Less Biosensors Based on Direct Electron Transfer Reactions
Authors: Ruzgas Tautgirdas , Larpant Nutcha , Shafaat Atefeh , Sotres Javier
Published: August 2019

Studies of direct electron transfer (DET) between enzymes and electrodes, among other reasons, are aimed at designing the simplest and most efficient biosensor designs. This direction might become especially valuable for the widespread integration of biosensors in Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) networks. In this Minireview, the simplicity of the design of wireless biosensors based on DET is discussed. It can be concluded that DET allows construction of wireless biosensors, which require no or only a few semiconductor elements. Hopefully, some of these demonstrations will translate into competitive and useful devices strongly promoting biosensing in IoT networks.
Targeting a Large Active Site: Structure‐Based Design of Nanomolar Inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei Trypanothione Reductase
Authors: De Gasparo Raoul , Halgas Ondrej , Harangozo Dora , Kaiser Marcel , Pai Emil F. , Krauth‐Siegel R. Luise , Diederich François
Published: August 2019

Trypanothione reductase (TR) plays a key role in the unique redox metabolism of trypanosomatids, the causative agents of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), Chagas’ disease, and leishmaniases. Introduction of a new, lean propargylic vector to a known class of TR inhibitors resulted in the strongest reported competitive inhibitor of Trypanosoma (T.) brucei TR, with an inhibition constant Ki of 73 nm, which is fully selective against human glutathione reductase (hGR). The best ligands exhibited in vitro IC50 values (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration) against the HAT pathogen, T. brucei rhodesiense, in the mid‐nanomolar range, reaching down to 50 nm. X‐Ray co‐crystal structures confirmed the binding mode of the ligands and revealed the presence of a HEPES buffer molecule in the large active site. Extension of the propargylic vector, guided by structure‐based design, to replace the HEPES buffer molecule should give inhibitors with low nanomolar Ki and IC50 values for in vivo studies.
Recent Progress in the Electrolytes of Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Shuo , Zhu Jiacai , Tian Jinlei , Niu Zhiqiang
Published: August 2019

Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered tremendous attention in the field of next energy storage devices due to their high safety, low cost, abundant resources, and eco‐friendliness. As an important component of the zinc‐ion battery, the electrolyte plays a vital role in the electrochemical properties, since it will provide a pathway for the migrations of the zinc ions between the cathode and anode, and determine the ionic conductivity, electrochemically stable potential window, and reaction mechanism. In this Minireview, a brief introduction of electrochemical principles of the aqueous ZIBs is discussed and the recent advances of various aqueous electrolytes for ZIBs, including liquid, gel, and multifunctional hydrogel electrolytes are also summarized. Furthermore, the remaining challenges and future directions of electrolytes in aqueous ZIBs are also discussed, which could provide clues for the following development.
Bio‐inspired Total Synthesis of Twelve Securinega Alkaloids: Structural Reassignments of (+)‐Virosine B and (−)‐Episecurinol A
Authors: Antien Kevin , Lacambra Aitor , Cossío Fernando P. , Massip Stéphane , Deffieux Denis , Pouységu Laurent , Peixoto Philippe A. , Quideau Stéphane
Published: August 2019

The so‐called Securinega alkaloids constitute a class of tetracyclic biologically active specialised metabolites isolated principally from subtropical plants belonging to the Phyllanthaceae family. Following a strategy based on alternative hypotheses for their biosynthesis, an easy and time‐efficient divergent synthesis enabled access to twelve of those alkaloids featuring (neo)(nor)securinane skeletons. Moreover, this work permitted to reassign the absolute configurations of (+)‐virosine B and (−)‐episecurinol A.
The Synergistic Effect of a Bimetallic Catalyst for the Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube Aerogels and their Predominant Chirality
Authors: Moon Sook Young , Kim Woo Sik
Published: August 2019

Synthesis of continuous spinnable carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers is the most promising method for producing CNT fibers for commercial applications. The floating‐catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC‐CVD) method is a rapid process that achieves catalyst formation, CNT nucleation and growth, and aerogel‐like sock formation within a few seconds. However, the formation mechanism is unknown. Herein, the progress of CNT fiber formation with bimetallic catalysts was studied, and the effect of catalyst composition to CNT fiber synthesis and their structural properties was investigated. In the case of bimetallic catalysts, the carbon source rapidly decomposes and generates various secondary hydrocarbon species, such as CH4, C2H4, C2H2, C3H6, and C4H10 whereas monometallic catalysts generate only CH4 and C2H4 on decomposition. CNT fiber formation with Fe1Ni0 begins about 400 mm from the reactor entrance, whereas CNT formation with Fe0.8Ni0.2 and Fe0.5Ni0.5 begins at about 500 and 300 mm, respectively. The formed CNT bundles and individual CNTs are oriented along the gas flow at these locations. The enhanced rate of fiber formation and lowering of growth temperature associated with bimetallic catalysts is explained by the synergistic effects between the two metals. The synthesized CNTs become predominantly semiconducting with increasing Ni contents.
Nuclei Isolation Staining (NIS) Method for Imaging Chromatin‐Associated Proteins in Difficult Cell Types
Authors: Neely Amy E. , Bao Xiaomin
Published: August 2019

Spatial distribution of chromatin‐associated proteins provides invaluable information for understanding gene regulation. Conventional immunostaining is widely used for labeling chromatin‐associated proteins in many cell types. However, for a subset of difficult cell types, such as differentiated human keratinocytes, achieving high‐quality immunostaining for nuclear proteins remains challenging. To overcome this technical barrier, we developed the nuclei isolation staining (NIS) method. In brief, NIS involves rapid isolation of nuclei from live cells, followed by fixation and staining of the nuclei directly on coverslips for subsequent high‐magnification imaging. By removing the cytoplasmic contents and staining just the nuclei, this NIS method drastically improves antibody labeling efficiency for chromatin‐associated proteins. In this article, we describe the development and a step‐by‐step protocol of NIS, using differentiated human keratinocytes as an example. We also discuss other applications, based on the principle of this NIS method, for understanding cell‐type and cell‐state specific gene regulation. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A hybrid ARM‐FPGA cluster for cryptographic algorithm acceleration
Authors: Bai Xu , Yang Jiajia , Dai Qiong , Chen Zhaolin
Published: August 2019

Clusters based on hybrid architectures combining ARM CPUs and FPGA fabric, such as the Xilinx Zynq SoC, not only are energy‐efficient platforms with strong processing power but also have the advantages of distributed computing systems balancing the workload between cores, processors, and nodes. This paper employs a 48‐node cluster infrastructure based on the Xilinx Zynq SoC to accelerate classical cryptographic algorithms, including hash functions, AES, and RSA. In this design, we leverage the flexibility of the software to implement node‐to‐node communication through the message passing interface (MPI), and we offload the compute‐intensive tasks to the FPGA to accelerate complex calculations with the parallelizability of specific reconfigurable coprocessors. In addition, we study several parallel cryptography optimizations based on FPGA to evaluate this cluster. Finally, using a comparison with a multi‐core desktop (Intel i7‐3770) and a many‐core server (288 cores), the efficiency of the implementations of the selected data encryption and decryption algorithms is presented to illustrate the performance of our system; we also gain up to 3.6× increase in energy efficiency.
Distribution pattern of common drugs of abuse, ethyl glucuronide, and benzodiazepines in hair across the scalp
Authors: Meier Ulf , Colledge Flora , Imfeld Stephan , Briellmann Thomas , Mercer‐Chalmers‐Bender Katja , Scheurer Eva , Dussy Franz
Published: August 2019

While hair analysis is important and accepted in forensic applications, fundamental knowledge gaps still exist, exacerbated by a lack of knowledge of the incorporation mechanisms of substances into hair. The influence of the hair sampling location on the head on ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and cocaine concentrations was investigated by measuring the complete scalp hair of 14 (2 EtG, 4 cocaine, 8 both EtG and cocaine) study participants in a grid pattern for EtG, drugs of abuse, and benzodiazepines. Head skin perfusion and sweating rates were investigated to rationalize the concentration differences. For EtG, ratios between maximum and minimum concentrations on the scalp ranged from 2.5 to 7.1 (mean 4.4). For cocaine, the ratios ranged from 2.8 to 105 (mean 17.6). EtG concentrations were often highest at the vertex, but the distribution was strongly participant dependent. Cocaine and its metabolites showed the lowest concentrations at the vertex and the highest on the periphery, especially at the forehead. These differences led to hair from some head parts being clearly above conventional cut‐offs and others clearly below. In addition to EtG and cocaine, the distributions of 24 other drugs of abuse and benzodiazepines/z‐substances and metabolites are described. No clear pattern was observed for the head skin perfusion. Sweating rate measurements revealed higher sweating rates on the periphery of the haircut. Therefore, sweat could be a main incorporation route for cocaine. Concentration differences can lead to different interpretations depending on the sampling site. Therefore, the results are highly relevant for routine forensic hair analysis.
Management regime and habitat response influence abundance of regal fritillary (Speyeria idalia) in tallgrass prairie
Authors: McCullough K. , Albanese G. , Haukos D. A. , Ricketts A. M. , Stratton S.
Published: August 2019

The >2,570,000‐ha Flint Hills ecoregion of Kansas, USA, harbors the largest remaining contiguous tract of tallgrass prairie in North America, a unique system, as the remainder of North America's tallgrass prairie has succumbed to development and conversion. Consequently, the loss and degradation of tallgrass prairie has reduced populations of many North American prairie‐obligate species including the regal fritillary (Speyeria idalia) butterfly. Population abundance and occupied range of regal fritillary have declined >99%, restricting many populations to isolated, remnant patches of tallgrass prairie. Such extensive decline has resulted in consideration of the regal fritillary for protection under the Endangered Species Act. Although it is widely accepted that management practices such as fire, grazing, and haying are necessary to maintain prairie ecosystems, reported responses by regal fritillary to these management regimes have been ambiguous. We tested effects of prescribed fire across short, moderate, and long fire‐return intervals as well as grazing and haying management treatments on regal fritillary density. We also tested the relative influence of habitat characteristics created by these management regimes by measuring density of an obligate host plant (Violaspp.) and canopy cover of woody vegetation, grasses, forbs/ferns, bare ground, and litter. We found density was at least 1.6 times greater in sites burned with a moderate fire‐return interval vs. sites burned with short and long fire‐return intervals. Overall management regardless of fire‐return interval did not have an effect on density. Percent cover of grass had the strongest positive association, while percent cover of woody vegetation had the greatest negative effect on density. Our results indicate that patch‐burning is a viable and perhaps even ideal management strategy for regal fritillary in tallgrass prairie landscapes. Additionally, these results elucidate the importance of fire, particularly when applied at moderate‐return intervals to regal fritillary, and corroborate a growing suite of studies that suggest fire is perhaps not as detrimental to populations of regal fritillary as previously believed.
Influence of microclimate and geomorphological factors on alpine vegetation in the Western Swiss Alps
Authors: Giaccone Elisa , Luoto Miska , Vittoz Pascal , Guisan Antoine , Mariéthoz Grégoire , Lambiel Christophe
Published: August 2019

Among the numerous environmental factors affecting plant communities in alpine ecosystems, the influence of geomorphic processes and landforms has been minimally investigated. Subjected to persistent climate warming, it is vital to understand how these factors affect vegetation properties. Here, we studied 72 vegetation plots across three sites located in the Western Swiss Alps, characterized by high geomorphological variability and plant diversity. For each plot, vascular plant species were inventoried and ground surface temperature, soil moisture, topographic variables, earth surface processes (ESPs) and landform morphodynamics were assessed. The relationships between plant communities and environmental variables were analysed using non‐metric multi‐dimensional scaling (NMDS) and multivariate regression techniques (generalized linear model, GLM, and generalized additive model, GAM). Landform morphodynamics, growing degree days (sum of degree days above 5°C) and mean ground surface temperature were the most important explanatory variables of plant community composition. Furthermore, the regression models for species cover and species richness were significantly improved by adding a morphodynamics variable. This study provides complementary support that landform morphodynamics is a key factor, combined with growing degree days, to explain alpine plant distribution and community composition. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fault location in multilateral distribution network with electric vehicle charging load
Authors: Kumar Ranjeet , Saxena D.
Published: August 2019

In a multilateral distribution network, faults at different locations can generate the same voltage and current at the substation; hence, the calculated fault location can correspond to several places in the network. To avoid this major problem, a two‐terminal travelling wave‐based fault location method is presented in this article, which at first identifies the faulted lateral in the distribution network and then estimates the exact fault location. The proposed fault location scheme uses wavelet energy entropy of the recorded three‐phase current signals and the magnitude of ground mode component wavelet modulus maxima (WMM) for fault detection and fault type identification in the network. After that, the faulted lateral identification followed by the exact fault location is performed using the aerial mode component WMM of the fault‐generated current transients. Since the integration of electric vehicle (EV) charging load is increasing day by day to the distribution network, the performance of the proposed algorithm is tested with EV charging load along with distributed generation integrated into the distribution network. Modeling and simulation of the distribution network and EV load are performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results show that the proposed method can accurately locate fault under different operating conditions.
Genetic overlap between autoimmune diseases and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes
Authors: Din Lennox , Sheikh Mohammad , Kosaraju Nikitha , Smedby Karin Ekstrom , Bernatsky Sasha , Berndt Sonja I. , Skibola Christine F. , Nieters Alexandra , Wang Sophia , McKay James D. , Cocco Pierluigi , Maynadié Marc , Foretová Lenka , Staines Anthony , Mack Thomas M. , de Sanjosé Silvia , Vyse Timothy J. , Padyukov Leonid , Monnereau Alain , Arslan Alan A. , Moore Amy , Brooks‐Wilson Angela R. , Novak Anne J. , Glimelius Bengt , Birmann Brenda M. , Link Brian K. , Stewart Carolyn , Vajdic Claire M. , Haioun Corinne , Magnani Corrado , Conti David V. , Cox David G. , Casabonne Delphine , Albanes Demetrius , Kane Eleanor , Roman Eve , Muzi Giacomo , Salles Gilles , Giles Graham G. , Adami Hans‐Olov , Ghesquières Hervé , De Vivo Immaculata , Clavel Jacqueline , Cerhan James R. , Spinelli John J. , Hofmann Jonathan , Vijai Joseph , Curtin Karen , Costenbader Karen H. , Onel Kenan , Offit Kenneth , Teras Lauren R. , Morton Lindsay , Conde Lucia , Miligi Lucia , Melbye Mads , Ennas Maria Grazia , Liebow Mark , Purdue Mark P. , Glenn Martha , Southey Melissa C. , Din Morris , Rothman Nathaniel , Camp Nicola J. , Wong Doo Nicole , Becker Nikolaus , Pradhan Nisha , Bracci Paige M. , Boffetta Paolo , Vineis Paolo , Brennan Paul , Kraft Peter , Lan Qing , Severson Richard K. , Vermeulen Roel C. H. , Milne Roger L. , Kaaks Rudolph , Travis Ruth C. , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Chanock Stephen J. , Ansell Stephen M. , Slager Susan L. , Zheng Tongzhang , Zhang Yawei , Benavente Yolanda , Taub Zachary , Madireddy Lohith , Gourraud Pierre‐Antoine , Oksenberg Jorge R. , Cozen Wendy , Hjalgrim Henrik , Khankhanian Pouya
Published: August 2019

Epidemiologic studies show an increased risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in patients with autoimmune disease (AD), due to a combination of shared environmental factors and/or genetic factors, or a causative cascade: chronic inflammation/antigen‐stimulation in one disease leads to another. Here we assess shared genetic risk in genome‐wide‐association‐studies (GWAS).

Secondary analysis of GWAS of NHL subtypes (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and marginal zone lymphoma) and ADs (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis). Shared genetic risk was assessed by (a) description of regional genetic of overlap, (b) polygenic risk score (PRS), (c)"diseasome", (d)meta‐analysis.

Descriptive analysis revealed few shared genetic factors between each AD and each NHL subtype. The PRS of ADs were not increased in NHL patients (nor vice versa). In the diseasome, NHLs shared more genetic etiology with ADs than solid cancers (p = .0041). A meta‐analysis (combing AD with NHL) implicated genes of apoptosis and telomere length.

This GWAS‐based analysis four NHL subtypes and three ADs revealed few weakly‐associated shared loci, explaining little total risk. This suggests common genetic variation, as assessed by GWAS in these sample sizes, may not be the primary explanation for the link between these ADs and NHLs.
Navigating with grid and place cells in cluttered environments
Authors: Edvardsen Vegard , Bicanski Andrej , Burgess Neil
Published: August 2019

Hippocampal formation contains several classes of neurons thought to be involved in navigational processes, in particular place cells and grid cells. Place cells have been associated with a topological strategy for navigation, while grid cells have been suggested to support metric vector navigation. Grid cell‐based vector navigation can support novel shortcuts across unexplored territory by providing the direction toward the goal. However, this strategy is insufficient in natural environments cluttered with obstacles. Here, we show how navigation in complex environments can be supported by integrating a grid cell‐based vector navigation mechanism with local obstacle avoidance mediated by border cells and place cells whose interconnections form an experience‐dependent topological graph of the environment. When vector navigation and object avoidance fail (i.e., the agent gets stuck), place cell replay events set closer subgoals for vector navigation. We demonstrate that this combined navigation model can successfully traverse environments cluttered by obstacles and is particularly useful where the environment is underexplored. Finally, we show that the model enables the simulated agent to successfully navigate experimental maze environments from the animal literature on cognitive mapping. The proposed model is sufficiently flexible to support navigation in different environments, and may inform the design of experiments to relate different navigational abilities to place, grid, and border cell firing.
PD‐L1 expression is low in large B‐cell lymphoma with MYC or double‐hit translocation
Authors: Elbæk Mette Vestergaard , Pedersen Mette Ølgod , Breinholt Marie Fredslund , Reddy Anupama , Love Cassandra , Clasen‐Linde Erik , Knudsen Helle , Nielsen Signe Ledou , Gang Anne Ortved , Høgdall Estrid , Dave Sandeep , Nørgaard Peter
Published: August 2019

In large B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL), MYC translocation and MYC/BCL2 or MYC/BCL6 double hit (DH) are associated with poor prognosis, and there is an unmet need for novel treatment targets in this patient group. Treatments targeting the PD‐L1/PD‐1 pathway are still poorly elucidated in LBCL. PD‐L1 expression might predict response to treatment targeting the PD‐L1/PD‐1 pathway. We therefore investigated the relationship between PD‐L1 protein and mRNA expression levels and MYC and DH translocation in LBCL. We detected MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 translocation by fluorescent in situ hybridization in tissue samples from 130 patients randomly selected from two cohorts of patients with LBCL: 49 patients with MYC translocation of whom 36 had DH and 81 without MYC translocation. PD‐L1 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue samples from 77 patients and PD‐L1 mRNA expression by next‐generation RNA sequencing (NGS) in another 77 patients. Twenty‐four patients overlapped, ie, were analysed with both IHC and NGS. Nonparametric tests were performed to evaluate intergroup differences. PD‐L1 protein expression level was significantly lower in patients with MYC (n = 42, median = 3.3%, interquartile range [IQR] 0.0‐10.8) or DH translocations (n = 31, median = 3.3%, IQR 0.0‐10.0) compared with patients with no MYC (n = 35, median = 16.7%, IQR 3.3‐30.0) or no DH translocations (n = 46, 13.3%, IQR 2.5‐30.0), P = .004 and P ≤ .001, respectively. PD‐L1 mRNA expression was also significantly lower in patients with MYC or DH translocations, P = .001 and P = .006, respectively. Higher PD‐L1 protein and mRNA expression levels were associated with non–germinal centre (GC) type compared with germinal centre B‐cell (GCB)‐type diffuse LBCL (DLBCL), P = .004 and P = .002, respectively. In conclusion, we report an association between low PD‐L1 expression and MYC and DH translocation in patients with LBCL. Our findings may indicate that patients with MYC or DH translocation may benefit less from treatment with PD‐L1/PD‐1‐inhibitors compared with patients without these translocations. This should be evaluated in larger, prospective, consecutive trials.
Three‐dimensional interventional photoacoustic imaging for biopsy needle guidance with a linear array transducer
Authors: Wang Hang , Liu Songde , Wang Tong , Zhang Chenxi , Feng Ting , Tian Chao
Published: August 2019

Needle placement is important for many clinical interventions, such as tissue biopsy, regional anesthesia and drug delivery. It is essential to visualize the spatial position of the needle and the target tissue during the interventions using appropriate imaging techniques. Based on the contrast of optical absorption, photoacoustic imaging is well suited for the guidance of interventional procedures. However, conventional photoacoustic imaging typically provides two‐dimensional (2D) slices of the region of interest and could only visualize the needle and the target when they are within the imaging plane of the probe at the same time. This requires great alignment skill and effort. To ease this problem, we developed a 3D interventional photoacoustic imaging technique by fast scanning a linear array ultrasound probe and stitching acquired image slices. in vivo sentinel lymph node biopsy experiment shows that the technique could precisely locate a needle and a sentinel lymph node in a tissue volume while a perfusion experiment demonstrates that the technique could visualize the 3D distribution of injected methylene blue dye underneath the skin at high temporal and spatial resolution. The proposed technique provides a practical way for photoacoustic image‐guided interventions.
Antimicrobial blue light for decontamination of platelets during storage
Authors: Lu Min , Dai TianHong , Hu SiSi , Zhang Qi , Bhayana Brijesh , Wang Li , Wu Mei X.
Published: August 2019

Platelet (PLT) storage is currently limited to 5 days in clinics in the United States, in part, due to an increasing risk for microbial contamination over time. In light of well‐documented antimicrobial activity of blue light (405‐470 nm), we investigated potentials to decontaminate microbes during PLT storage by antimicrobial blue light (aBL). We found that PLTs produced no detectable levels of porphyrins or their derivatives, the chromophores that specifically absorb blue light, in marked contrast to microbes that generated porphyrins abundantly. The difference formed a basis with which aBL selectively inactivated contaminated microbes prior to and during the storage, without incurring any harm to PLTs. In accordance with this, when contamination with representative microbes was simulated in PLT concentrates supplemented with 65% of PLT additive solution in a standard storage bag, all “contaminated” microbes tested were completely inactivated after exposure of the bag to 405 nm aBL at 75 J/cm2 only once. While killing microbes efficiently, this dose of aBL irradiation exerted no adverse effects on the viability, activation or aggregation of PLTs ex vivo and could be used repeatedly during PLT storage. PLT survival in vivo was also unaltered by aBL irradiation after infusion of aBL‐irradiated mouse PLTs into mice. The study provides proof‐of‐concept evidence for a potential of aBL to decontaminate PLTs during storage.
Three‐dimensional cryogels for biomedical applications
Authors: Razavi Mehdi , Qiao Yang , Thakor Avnesh S.
Published: August 2019

Cryogels are a subset of hydrogels synthesized under sub‐zero temperatures: initially solvents undergo active freezing, which causes crystal formation, which is then followed by active melting to create interconnected supermacropores. Cryogels possess several attributes suited for their use as bioscaffolds, including physical resilience, bio‐adaptability, and a macroporous architecture. Furthermore, their structure facilitates cellular migration, tissue‐ingrowth, and diffusion of solutes, including nano‐ and micro‐particle trafficking, into its supermacropores. Currently, subsets of cryogels made from both natural biopolymers such as gelatin, collagen, laminin, chitosan, silk fibroin, and agarose and/or synthetic biopolymers such as hydroxyethyl methacrylate, poly‐vinyl alcohol, and poly(ethylene glycol) have been employed as 3D bioscaffolds. These cryogels have been used for different applications such as cartilage, bone, muscle, nerve, cardiovascular, and lung regeneration. Cryogels have also been used in wound healing, stem cell therapy, and diabetes cellular therapy. In this review, we summarize the synthesis protocol and properties of cryogels, evaluation techniques as well as current in vitro and in vivo cryogel applications. A discussion of the potential benefit of cryogels for future research and their application are also presented.
Specific concentration of hyaluronan amide derivative induces osteogenic mineralization of human mesenchymal stromal cells: Evidence of RUNX2 and COL1A1 genes modulation
Authors: Paolella Francesca , Gabusi Elena , Manferdini Cristina , Schiavinato Antonella , Lisignoli Gina
Published: August 2019

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an ideal material for tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a hyaluronan amide derivative (HAD) can enhance the mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Osteogenically induced hMSCs cultured with or without HAD at different concentrations (0.5 mg/ml or 1 mg/ml) were analyzed for mineral matrix deposition, metabolic activity, cellular proliferation, and the expression of 14 osteogenic genes. Unmodified HA (HYAL) was used as control. We demonstrated that only cells treated daily until day 28 with 0.5 mg/ml HAD, but not with 1 mg/ml of HAD and HYAL, showed a significant induction of mineralization at day 14 compared to the osteogenic control group. HAD at both concentrations tested, significantly decreased the expression of the proliferating marker MKI67 at day 2. By contrast, increased metabolic activity was induced only by HYAL from day 14. HAD at both concentrations significantly down modulated SNAI2, DLX5, RUNX2, COL1A1, and IBSP genes, while significantly up regulated COL15A1. The induction of mineralization of 0.5 mg/ml of HAD at day 14 was significantly dependent on a specific modulation of RUNX2 and COL1A1. Our data demonstrate that only 0.5 mg/ml of HAD, but not HYAL, modulated hMSCs osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that the physicochemical features and concentration of HA products could differently affect osteogenic maturation.
A bench‐top molding method for the production of cell‐laden fibrin micro‐fibers with longitudinal topography
Authors: Keijdener Hans , Konrad Jens , Hoffmann Bernd , Gerardo‐Nava José , Rütten Stephan , Merkel Rudolf , Vázquez‐Jiménez Jaime , Brook Gary A. , Jockenhoevel Stefan , Mela Petra
Published: August 2019

Tissue‐engineered constructs have great potential in many intervention strategies. In order for these constructs to function optimally, they should ideally mimic the cellular alignment and orientation found in the tissues to be treated. Here we present a simple and reproducible method for the production of cell‐laden pure fibrin micro‐fibers with longitudinal topography. The micro‐fibers were produced using a molding technique and longitudinal topography was induced by a single initial stretch. Using this method, fibers up to 1 m in length and with diameters of 0.2–3 mm could be produced. The micro‐fibers were generated with embedded endothelial cells, smooth muscle cell/fibroblasts or Schwann cells. Polarized light and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the initial stretch was sufficient to induce longitudinal topography in the fibrin gel. Cells in the unstretched control micro‐fibers elongated randomly in both the floating and encapsulated environments, whereas the cells in the stretched micro‐fibers responded to the introduced topography by adopting a similar orientation. Proof of concept bottom‐up tissue engineering (TE) constructs are shown, all displaying various anisotropic organization of cells within. This simple, economical, versatile and scalable approach for the production of highly orientated and cell‐laden micro‐fibers is easily transferrable to any TE laboratory.
Optimization of the catalytic support and membrane for the electrochemical reforming of ethanol in alkaline media
Authors: Calcerrada Ana Belén , de la Osa Ana Raquel , Romero Amaya , Valverde José Luis , de Lucas‐Consuegra Antonio , Dorado Fernando
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

In this work, the influence of the anodic catalyst carbonaceous support and the membrane on the electrochemical reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production in alkaline media has been studied. Physicochemical characterization and electrochemical activity measurements were performed for different palladium‐based anodic catalysts. The best anodic catalyst was scaled up to two different membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) based on anion exchange membranes (AEMs): Tokuyama and KOH‐doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes. In both systems, the influence of the temperature and the stability were evaluated for the electrochemical reforming of ethanol.

RESULTS

Among the different investigated catalysts, palladium supported on non‐functionalized low‐surface nanofibers was the best anodic catalyst for the electrochemical reforming of ethanol in alkaline media, which was attributed to the specific physicochemical and textural properties of this material. In addition, the use of a Tokuyama membrane allowed to obtain the highest electrocatalytic activity in hydrogen production together with a suitable stability behavior. Under the optimized conditions, current density values up to 120 mA cm−2 at 1.4 V were obtained, leading to lower energy values for hydrogen production compared with those of water electrolysis in commercial alkaline electrolyzers.

CONCLUSION

The choice of palladium supported on non‐functionalized nanofibers as anodic catalyst and a Tokuyama membrane allows to obtain the best MEA configuration for the electrochemical reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Assay of Novel Compounds Based on Pyridazine Moiety as Potential Antitumor Agents
Authors: Ali Yasmeen M. , Ismail Mahmoud F. , Abu El‐Azm Fatma S. M. , Marzouk Magda I.
Published: August 2019

In an endeavor to develop antitumor agents, we made a credible survey regarding synthesis, structure, and pharmacological assay of novel pyridazine derivatives, so that 2‐((6‐(4‐chloro‐3‐methylphenyl)pyridazin‐3‐yl)oxy)acetohydrazide 3 was utilized as scaffold to build novel compounds 4–19 by reaction with various electrophilic reagents, followed by determination and explanation atropisomerism phenomena and tauomerism ratio such as keto‐enol and lactam–lactim tautomers for some synthesized compounds. In vitro, these compounds were screened for antitumor efficacy versus two cell lines, namely, hepatocellular carcinoma and mammary gland breast cancer, by using MTT assay. Among the examined compounds, compound 16 was exhibited promising potent activity (IC50 = 8.67 ± 0.7 μM) versus HepG2 cell line. Meanwhile, compounds 3 and 16 were manifested the very highest efficacy (IC50 = 5.68 ± 0.6 and 9.41 ± 0.9 μM) versus MCF‐7 cell line.
Jordan operator algebras revisited
Authors: Blecher David P. , Wang Zhenhua
Published: August 2019

Jordan operator algebras are norm‐closed spaces of operators on a Hilbert space with for all . In two recent papers by the authors and Neal, a theory for these spaces was developed. It was shown there that much of the theory of associative operator algebras, in particular, surprisingly much of the associative theory from several recent papers of the first author and coauthors, generalizes to Jordan operator algebras. In the present paper we complete this task, giving several results which generalize the associative case in these papers, relating to unitizations, real positivity, hereditary subalgebras, and a couple of other topics. We also solve one of the three open problems stated at the end of our earlier joint paper on Jordan operator algebras.
Mixed model identification for linear time‐invariant systems with mixed noises in frequency domain
Authors: Mi Wen , Li Shuang , Feng Liqing
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we present a new method for frequency domain identification of discrete linear time‐invariant systems. We take consideration of the case where the output noises are mixed or unknown. In order to deal with this problem, a new mixed model structure is used correspondingly. The augmented Lagrangian method (ALM) is combined in selection of poles for the shifted Cauchy kernels to get solutions to the optimal problem. Simulations show the proposed method can get efficient approximation to the original systems.
Validity of the “Rate‐a‐Plate” Method to Estimate Energy and Protein Intake in Acutely Ill, Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Dekker Ingeborg M. , Langius Jacqueline A. E. , Stelten Stephanie , de Vet Henrica C. W. , Kruizenga Hinke M. , de van der Schueren Marian A. E.
Published: August 2019

Background

Prevalence of malnutrition in hospitals has been reported around 20% and increases during hospitalization. The “Rate‐a‐Plate” method has been developed to monitor dietary intake and identify patients whose nutrition status deteriorates during hospitalization, but has not yet been validated. The objective was to study the validity and reliability of the method (phase 1) and redesign and revalidate a revised version (phase 2).

Methods

Detailed food records provided a reference method. A priori difference of >20% in energy or protein between the reference and the “Rate‐a‐Plate” method was determined as clinically relevant. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to determine the reliability.

Results

In phase 1, 24 patients were included with a total 67 test days. In phase 2, 14 patients were included, 28 test days. In phase 1, the “Rate‐a‐Plate” method underestimated intake by 422 kcal (29%, ICC 0.349, 95% CI 304–541) and 5.7 g protein (10%, ICC 0.511, 95% CI 0.0–11.5). Underestimation was found in 65% and 23% for energy and protein intake, respectively. Underestimation was higher when patients had higher intake. In phase 2, underestimation was 109 kcal (7%, ICC 0.788, 95% CI −273 to 56) and 3.7 g protein (6%, ICC 0.905, 95% CI −8.4 to 1.0). In 32% and 21% of the cases, energy and protein intake were underestimated.

Conclusion

The revised version of the “Rate‐a‐Plate” method is a valid method to monitor energy and protein intake of hospitalized patients and can be filled out by nutrition assistants. A larger validation study is required.