bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Galectin-1 and galectin-3 in male reproduction - impact in health and disease
Authors: Fijak Monika , Hasan Hiba , Meinhardt Andreas
Published: January 2025

The formation and differentiation of mature, motile male germ cells, which can fertilize the egg and ensure successful implantation and development of a healthy embryo, are essential functions of the testis and epididymis. Spermatogenesis is a complex, multistep process that results in the formation of motile haploid gametes, requiring an immunoregulatory environment to maintain tolerance to developing neo-antigens. Different cell types (Sertoli cells, macrophages), immunoregulatory factors and tolerance mechanisms are involved. In this context, possible effects of galectins on the immunoregulatory functions and fertilization ability of male germ cells are postulated. Galectins are pleiotropic lectins involved in the homeostasis, modulation of immune responses and pathological processes. Despite the well-recognized role of galectins in female reproduction, the functions of galectins in the male reproductive organs, particularly the testis and epididymis, remain largely unexplored. Among the galectins, galectin-1 and galectin-3 are the best-studied in these organs. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the cellular expression and the roles of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in testis and epididymis and discusses their functions in spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, epididymal maturation of spermatozoa and inflammatory response.
Assessment of decision-making with locally run and web-based large language models versus human board recommendations in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery
Authors: Buhr Christoph Raphael , Ernst Benjamin Philipp , Blaikie Andrew , Smith Harry , Kelsey Tom , Matthias Christoph , Fleischmann Maximilian , Jungmann Florian , Alt Jürgen , Brandts Christian , Kämmerer Peer W. , Foersch Sebastian , Kuhn Sebastian , Eckrich Jonas
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Tumor boards are a cornerstone of modern cancer treatment. Given their advanced capabilities, the role of Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating tumor board decisions for otorhinolaryngology (ORL) head and neck surgery is gaining increasing attention. However, concerns over data protection and the use of confidential patient information in web-based LLMs have restricted their widespread adoption and hindered the exploration of their full potential. In this first study of its kind we compared standard human multidisciplinary tumor board recommendations (MDT) against a web-based LLM (ChatGPT-4o) and a locally run LLM (Llama 3) addressing data protection concerns.

Material and methods

Twenty-five simulated tumor board cases were presented to an MDT composed of specialists from otorhinolaryngology, craniomaxillofacial surgery, medical oncology, radiology, radiation oncology, and pathology. This multidisciplinary team provided a comprehensive analysis of the cases. The same cases were input into ChatGPT-4o and Llama 3 using structured prompts, and the concordance between the LLMs' and MDT’s recommendations was assessed. Four MDT members evaluated the LLMs' recommendations in terms of medical adequacy (using a six-point Likert scale) and whether the information provided could have influenced the MDT's original recommendations.

Results

ChatGPT-4o showed 84% concordance (21 out of 25 cases) and Llama 3 demonstrated 92% concordance (23 out of 25 cases) with the MDT in distinguishing between curative and palliative treatment strategies. In 64% of cases (16/25) ChatGPT-4o and in 60% of cases (15/25) Llama, identified all first-line therapy options considered by the MDT, though with varying priority. ChatGPT-4o presented all the MDT’s first-line therapies in 52% of cases (13/25), while Llama 3 offered a homologous treatment strategy in 48% of cases (12/25). Additionally, both models proposed at least one of the MDT's first-line therapies as their top recommendation in 28% of cases (7/25). The ratings for medical adequacy yielded a mean score of 4.7 (IQR: 4–6) for ChatGPT-4o and 4.3 (IQR: 3–5) for Llama 3. In 17% of the assessments (33/200), MDT members indicated that the LLM recommendations could potentially enhance the MDT's decisions.

Discussion

This study demonstrates the capability of both LLMs to provide viable therapeutic recommendations in ORL head and neck surgery. Llama 3, operating locally, bypasses many data protection issues and shows promise as a clinical tool to support MDT decisions. However at present, LLMs should augment rather than replace human decision-making.
Gender gap in surgical societies awards
Authors: Jalloh Karimatu , Bader Amanda , Okorji Leslie M. , Kelz Rachel , Tatarian Talar , Altieri Maria S.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Despite remarkable progress, gender inequality in medicine remains a significant issue. This disparity extends beyond clinical practices and educational programs; it is also evident in the recognition and awards received by surgeons. Underrepresentation of women in Surgical Society awards is a multi-layered issue that needs a holistic approach since these awards are used to hire, promote, and advance surgeons.

Methods and Procedures

A retrospective observational study was performed between 1936 and 2023 on all recipients of awards from 22 surgical societies. The study examines the relationship between recipient gender and award year. Medians, and interquartile ranges (IQRs) were used for continuous data, and frequencies and percentages were used for categorical data. Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare female and male recipients. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the probability that a female will receive an award.

Results

A total of 2588 awards were given out between 1936 and 2023. Among the 2588 awards, 2024 went to male surgeons, and 564 to female surgeons. Since 1936, there have been 0–25 women awarded annually, with a proportion of female awardees between 0 and 0.5. Since 1936, the proportion of women awardees has increased significantly (p < 0.01). Since 2006, female award winners have increased by 0.7% (95% CI 0.007–0.008, p = 0.001) when controlling for surgical societies. A woman’s odds of receiving an award from a surgical society have increased by only 3% per year since 2006 (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.07, p = 0.004). Accordingly, female surgeon awards grew from 0.22 in 2006 to 0.35 in 2023.

Conclusion

Female surgeons’ continuous underrepresentation in Surgical Society awards is a crucial issue. The selection process of surgical societies needs to be more intentional as female recipients have steadily increased in recent years. Closing this gender gap is not only a matter of fairness but also imperative for the field’s progress.
An estimate of the Arctic climate sensitivity based on the Arrhenius’s rule
Authors: Triacca Umberto
Published: January 2025

Estimating the magnitude of the Arctic equilibrium climate sensitivity is key for understanding the climate dynamics of this polar region. Using a linear regression model, we find that the Arctic equilibrium climate sensitivity is 3.61°C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an estimate of the Arctic equilibrium climate sensitivity is provided. The obtained results confirm that this region is more sensitive to climate change than the rest of the world. The Arctic sensitivity is almost one and a half times that of the global sensitivity. In this paper, we have used the estimated Arctic equilibrium climate sensitivity to obtain projections of the Arctic temperature under different forcing scenarios.
Osteoporosis and stroke: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study
Authors: He Miao , Yong Haochuan , Cao Zhidong , Li Jie
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Numerous observational studies have identified a link between osteoporosis and stroke. However, the causal genetic relationship between these conditions remains unclear. This study employs a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to ascertain the causal relationship between osteoporosis and stroke.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the potential causal relationship between osteoporosis and stroke, including its subtypes. Genetic data for osteoporosis and stroke, along with their subtypes, were sourced from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) demonstrating genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10^ − 8) and independence (r^2 < 0.001) were selected for further analysis, provided they had an F-statistic ≥ 10. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was employed to evaluate causality, with results reported as odds ratios (ORs). Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q test, while pleiotropy was tested using the MR-Egger intercept test. A leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was performed to ensure the robustness of the results.

Results

Employing the IVW method, MR Egger method, and median-weighted method, we found no significant bidirectional causal relationship between osteoporosis and stroke or its subtypes, irrespective of the inclusion of potential pleiotropic SNPs. Sensitivity analyses affirmed the reliability and stability of these findings.

Conclusion

Our study findings indicate that there is no direct causal relationship between osteoporosis and stroke or its subtypes in either direction. Based on our results, although no direct link was found, secondary effects do exist.
Effect of diabetes and hyperglycaemia on the physical and mechanical properties of dentine: a systematic review
Authors: Hwang Kuan-Chieh , Choi Joanne Jung Eun , Hussaini Haizal Mohd , Cooper Paul R. , Friedlander Lara T.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of DM (Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes) and hyperglycaemia on the physical and mechanical properties of dentine which is critical for successful endodontic treatment.

Method

An electronic search of the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and the grey literature was performed up until July 2024. In vitro and in vivo studies on the effect of DM or hyperglycaemia on the mechanical and physical properties of dentine were included. Non-English language literature was excluded.

Results

Of the 234 articles identified, 15 met the inclusion criteria. Four studies evaluated how artificially induced glycation or natural glycation of dentine due to aging affects the mechanical properties of dentine. Five studies investigated the influence of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) on dentine’s mechanical properties, while two studies focused on the effects of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). A further, four studies compared the effects of both T1D and T2D on the dentine. The studies were heterogeneous and a range of mechanical and physical properties were evaluated.

Conclusion

DM and AGEs negatively influence the physical and mechanical properties of dentine however, there remains a paucity of evidence and further studies are needed.

Clinical significance

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterised by hyperglycaemia, an altered immune response and complications associated with collagen connective tissues. DM can influence bone metabolism and alter its physical and mechanical properties via glycation processes within collagen and changes to osteoblast activities. While bone and dentine share similarities, dentine is unique as it is intimately associated with the dental pulp. Inflammation within the pulp can induce calcification and tertiary dentine deposition and so exploring the influence of DM on the mechanical properties of dentine is warranted to understand the clinical significance.
The efficacy of adaptive training in immersive virtual reality for a fine motor skill task
Authors: Lui Lasse F. , Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan , Chinello Francesco , Koumaditis Konstantinos
Published: January 2025

Immersive virtual reality (IVR) offers novel and promising ways of continuously adapting training content and difficulty to the individual trainee, thus paving the way for an improved fit between training content and trainee needs. The objective of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of utilising self-efficacy and performance measures to continuously adapt training content to the individual trainee. Using a preregistered, between-subjects experiment, 130 participants were randomly assigned to receive virtual training content that was either based on behavioural measures at the beginning of the study (fixed training) or that continuously adapted to the behaviour of the trainee (adaptive training). The results revealed no significant difference between the groups for either performance or self-efficacy, suggesting that the additional development required for fully adaptive training may be unwarranted in some cases. Further research should investigate when the additional complexity of adaptive training is outweighed by enhanced efficiency. That said, results revealed an overall beneficial effect of IVR-based training. However, while IVR had an overall positive effect on performance, transfer was only observed to a limited extent. Specifically, participants improved in both accuracy (d = −0.41) and speed (d = −0.43) on a virtual performance test, while performance on a real equivalent (i.e., transfer of skill) showed improved accuracy (d = −0.25) but reduced speed (d = 0.17). In other words, the study demonstrates that performance measures in IVR should not necessarily be expected to transfer to similar tasks outside IVR without a potential loss in performance, emphasising the need for future studies to include measures of skill transfer when investigating IVR-based training.
Osteogenic potential of silver nanoparticles in critical sized mandibular bone defects: an experimental study in white albino rats
Authors: Sabry Gehad Mohamed , Sultan Nessma , Abouelkhier Mazen Tharwat , Farouk Soussa Essam
Published: January 2025

Natural bone is a self-regenerating nanocomposite made of proteins and minerals. Such self-regenerative capacity can be negatively affected by certain diseases involving the bone or its surrounding tissues. Our study assesses the ability of bone grafting material to regenerate bone in animals who have artificially created critical-sized defects. Nanohydroxyapatite (HANPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized and underwent characterization by transmission electron microscopy. The cytotoxic effect of the nanomaterials was evaluated by MTT assay using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). Five mm critical size defects in white albino rats were utilized to assess the material’s biocompatibility, and regenerative capacity. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses using collagen-I and tumor necrotic factor-alpha were also performed. Clinically, the tested materials did not cause any pathological changes. MTT results suggested that both materials showed high biocompatibility. Gel form of AgNPs achieved bone regenerative potential and anti-inflammatory effect being significantly higher than what was seen in HANPs after 21 days post-surgically. The utilization of AgNPs to improve anti-inflammatory and osteoregenerative activities was the primary research outcome of this study. AgNPs have the potential to be useful biomaterial in accelerating bone healing process.
Universal Enveloping Algebras of Poisson Superalgebras
Authors: Lamkin Thomas
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we define and study the universal enveloping algebra of a Poisson superalgebra. In particular, a new PBW Theorem for Lie-Rinehart superalgebras is proved leading to a PBW Theorem for Poisson superalgebras, we show the universal enveloping algebra of a Poisson Hopf superalgebra (resp. Poisson-Ore extension) is a Hopf superalgebra (resp. iterated Ore extension), and we study the universal enveloping algebra for interesting classes of Poisson superalgebras such as Poisson symplectic superalgebras.
Dynamics of the temporal evolution in radiating stars
Authors: Maharaj S. D. , Govinder K. S.
Published: January 2025

We study the dynamics of a charged radiating star in general relativity. The junction conditions at the surface of the star lead to a restriction that connects the radial pressure to the heat flux. The master equation reduces to a nonlinear second order differential equation which determines the temporal evolution. The dynamical behaviour is studied via a phase plane analysis which reveals interesting behaviour. The presence of both the electromagnetic field and the cosmological constant are included in our treatment. They affect the temporal evolution of the gravitating star. We identify the restrictions on the parameters that lead to a stable asymptotic end state of the star.
Harmful Marketing: An Overlooked Social Determinant of Health
Authors: Westling Erika , Gordon James , Meng Paul M. , O’Hara Cassandra A. , Purdum Brandon , Bonner Andrew C. , Biglan Anthony
Published: January 2025

This paper reviews evidence about the impact of marketing on ill health. We summarize evidence that marketing practices in six industries (tobacco, alcohol, pharmaceutical, processed food, firearm, and fossil fuel) are causal influences on the occurrence of injury, disease, and premature death. For each industry, we provide a brief overview on the extent of harmful marketing, efforts from each industry to obscure or otherwise conceal the impact of their marketing strategies, and efforts to counter the impact of harmful marketing in these industries. However, considering the ubiquitous belief that regulation is harmful to society, little headway has been made in reducing harmful marketing. We propose the substitution of a public health framework for the currently dominant free market ideology. Doing so would situate harmful marketing as a social determinant of health and consolidate the disparate efforts to regulate marketing of harmful products. Implications for future policy and research efforts are discussed.
Von der „Community-basierten Beratung gegen Rassismus“ lernen – Empfehlungen für eine diskriminierungskritische Beratung
Authors: Al Hashash Samah , Mai Hanna Hoa Anh , Sträter Till
Published: January 2025

In beraterischen Arbeitsfeldern jenseits der Antidiskriminierungsberatung wird Diskriminierung als gesellschaftliches Machtverhältnis bisher noch wenig berücksichtigt. Im Rahmen des Pilotprojekts „Community-basierte Beratung gegen Rassismus“ haben Migrant:innen-Selbstorganisationen und andere Community-Organisationen Beratungsangebote für „Betroffene“ von Diskriminierung aufgebaut und als professionelle Beratungsakteure gefördert. Der Beitrag basiert auf Expert:innen-Interviews aus diesem Feld und gibt einen Einblick in das sich entwickelnde Feld der Community-basierten Beratung gegen Rassismus. Er entwickelt daraus Empfehlungen für eine diversitätssensible und diskriminierungskritische Beratung über das Feld der Antidiskriminierungsberatung hinaus.
Familial Mediterranean fever with sigmoid colon stricture
Authors: Yamamoto Yuki , Madarame Akira , Fukuzawa Masakatsu , Ichimiya Tadashi , Yamauchi Yoshiya , Naito Sakiko , Morise Takashi , Kagawa Yasuyuki , Muramastu Takahiro , Itoi Takao
Published: January 2025

We describe a case of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) with sigmoid colon stricture. The patient, a woman in her 30 s, had a 12-year history of ileocolitis-type Crohn’s disease. The colonoscope could not pass because of the sigmoid colon stricture, and the patient was referred to our hospital with complaints of abdominal pain and fever. At 2-month postreferral, the patient presented with severe abdominal pain and fever. Computed tomography and intestinal ultrasonography revealed no bowel obstruction, whereas wall thickening was observed in the sigmoid colon and small bowel. Our medical interview revealed a cyclical nature to the symptoms. We diagnosed FMF and initiated colchicine. Subsequently, for more than 2 years, the patient remained asymptomatic, and the sigmoid colon stricture improved. FMF should be considered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease with periodic abdominal pain and fever.
Analyzing the impact of irrigation on dietary diversity: a comparison between farmer-led and public irrigation in Kenya
Authors: Kiratu Nixon Murathi , Aarnoudse Eefje , Petrick Martin
Published: January 2025

Irrigation is often celebrated as a means of intensifying agricultural production and improving food and nutrition security. In the context of semi-subsistence smallholder agriculture irrigation can have a positive impact on dietary diversity through various pathways. However, studies on the linkages between irrigation and rural household nutrition show mixed results. This study argues that irrigation is not a simple agricultural input factor but is embedded in socio-technical conditions. It compares two different irrigation arrangements to understand how irrigation can contribute to transforming local food systems through different pathways. The impact of irrigation on dietary diversity and the potential impact pathways (agricultural income, production diversity and women’s empowerment) are analyzed using a propensity score matching (PSM) approach. The analysis is repeated for subsets of farmer-led and public irrigation to explore how different irrigation arrangements lead to different outcomes. The results show that both farmer-led and public irrigation have a positive impact on agricultural income and dietary diversity. The positive effect on dietary diversity was stronger in farmer-led irrigation while the income effect was stronger in public irrigation arrangement. However, the positive impact on dietary diversity appears to be dampened by a reduction in production diversity, particularly in the case of public irrigation. This study highlights that irrigation development may lead to a more diverse diet, strengthen the income pathway but weaken the production diversity pathway with the extent of this effect depending on the irrigation arrangement. Therefore, policy makers should be aware of this trade-off and seek to support irrigation that allows increased production for urban markets without compromising the dietary intake of rural households.
What Should Primary Prevention in Burnout Look Like? Promoting Attributes, Roles and Social Networks with Instrumental Outcomes
Authors: Naughton Sean , Marques Liliana , Murphy Fergus , Clarke Mary
Published: January 2025

Burnout remains a vexing issue for healthcare workers, educators and policy makers. Continuing high prevalence rates have focused the need for new and innovative approaches. The deleterious personal and professional consequences of burnout when it does develop place this focus on primary prevention. Yet despite its benefits, primary prevention initiatives have several barriers to engagement which impact their effectiveness. In this article, the authors explore potential barriers to engagement with primary level prevention of burnout amongst physicians-in-training, many of which are rooted in the social and professional contexts of training. Understanding the motivations of physicians-in-training should be used to guide the development of initiatives which combine protection against burnout with relevant goal-directed, instrumental outcomes. Three principles which can guide initiatives combining these features are explored. Promoting curiosity and curiosity-led enquiry combines a well-established protective attribute with educational and professional benefits. Curiosity-led endeavours can be developed into areas of special interest and competence, harnessing the protective benefits of self-efficacy and peer acknowledgement. Finally, special interests and the professional roles to which they lead foster the development of professional social networks and mentorship relationships. These are protective, particularly for physicians-in-training navigating role and organisational transitions. Supporting interventions with instrumental outcomes is both beneficial in engaging investment and also sustainable across the career-span. Burnout remains a challenging issue, and while programmatic interventions continue to have a role, the benefits of broader primary preventative approaches should be considered in terms of the potential engagement and sustainability advantages they confer.
Synthesis, crystal structure, hirshfeld study, DFT analysis, molecular docking study, antimicrobial activity of β-enaminonitrile bearing 1H-pyran
Authors: Al-Dies Al-Anood M. , Alblewi Fawzia F. , Okasha Rawda M. , Alsehli Mosa H. , Borik Rita M. A. , Ihmaid Saleh , Amr Abd El-Galil E. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Elhenawy Ahmed A. , El-Agrody Ahmed M.
Published: January 2025

3-Amino-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-8-methoxy-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitrile (3-ABC, 4) was prepared and affirmed through the spectral data and single crystal X-rays diffraction. The molecule spatial attributes were revealed by the three-dimensional Hirshfeld surface, which is validated by comprehensive statistical evaluations. The key interactions that contribute to the crystal's stability and properties, such as π–π stacking and H⋯X contacts, were highlighted. The dominant forces in the crystal were explained by energy framework calculations and density functional theory analyses, which also show the geometric optimization aspects and molecular reactivity indicators. The focus is on the investigation of frontier molecular orbitals, aromaticity, and π–π stacking abilities. The research concluded by identifying electron density distributions, aromatic features, and possible reactivity sites, offering a complete picture of the compound's structural and electronic landscape. Compound 4 was screened for its antimicrobial capability against three Gram-positive, three Gram-negative bacteria, and three fungi, utilizing the reference antibiotic drug Ampicillin, Gentamycin, and Ketoconazole. Compound 4 exhibited favorable antimicrobial activities that were lower/resembled the reference antimicrobial agents with an IZ range of 15–31 mm. In addition, MIC, MBC, and MFC were assessed and screened for the target molecule 4, unveiling its revealing antimicrobial activities. Lastly, the molecular docking evaluation was implemented for the molecules interaction with the DHFR protein. The compounds exhibit significant interactions with the EGFR protein's active site.
Enhanced bearing RUL prediction based on dynamic temporal attention and mixed MLP
Authors: Jin Zhongtian , Chen Chong , Syntetos Aris , Liu Ying
Published: January 2025

Bearings are critical components in machinery, and accurately predicting their remaining useful life (RUL) is essential for effective predictive maintenance. Traditional RUL prediction methods often rely on manual feature extraction and expert knowledge, which face specific challenges such as handling non-stationary data and avoiding overfitting due to the inclusion of numerous irrelevant features. This paper presents an approach that leverages Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) for feature extraction, a Channel-Temporal Mixed MLP (CT-MLP) layer for capturing intricate dependencies, and a dynamic attention mechanism to adjust its focus based on the temporal importance of features within the time series. The dynamic attention mechanism integrates multi-head attention with innovative enhancements, making it particularly effective for datasets exhibiting non-stationary behaviour. An experimental study using the XJTU-SY rolling bearings dataset and the PRONOSTIA bearing dataset revealed that the proposed deep learning algorithm significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of RMSE and MAE, demonstrating its robustness and accuracy.
Shakespeare and Neurodiversity
Authors: Seymour Laura
Published: January 2025

Shakespeare and Neurodiversity argues that the Shakespeare classroom should be a place where neurodivergent learners flourish. This Element addresses four key areas: questions of reasonable adjustments, the pace of learning, the issue of diagnosis, and Shakespearean neurodivergent futures in education. Throughout, the Element provides activities and theoretical explanations to enable students and educators to understand how these four areas of Shakespeare education have often been underpinned by ableism, but can now become sources of neurodivergent flourishing.
The Universality of Emotion
Authors: Irish Bradley J.
Published: January 2025

Not supplied by the author. This Element surveys how a number of major disciplines − psychology, neuroscience, sociology, anthropology, philosophy, history, linguistics, and literary/cultural studies − have addressed the long-standing research question of whether human emotions should be thought of as meaningfully 'universal.' The Element presents both the universalist and anti-universalist positions, and concludes by considering attempts to move beyond this increasingly unhelpful binary.
A Philosopher goes to the Therapist
Authors: BRANDENBURG DAPHNE
Published: January 2025

What’s the good of getting angry with a person? Some would argue that angry emotions like indignation or resentment are intrinsically good when they are an apt response. But many think this answer is not fully satisfactory. An increasing number of philosophers add that accusatory anger has value because of what it communicates to the blamee, and because of its downstream cultivating effects on the blamee.

Mediators and conflict resolution strategists share an interest with philosophers in the value of reactive attitudes for interpersonal communication, but prominent thinkers from those fields arrive at rather different verdicts about the effects of accusatory anger. On a more therapeutic approach to interpersonal conflict, angry accusation is commonly understood to obfuscate mutual understanding and to have bad downstream effects on the blamee.

Below, I discuss how the compassionate communication approach casts doubt on the purported valuable effects of angry accusation, and I provide empirical support for this worry. I argue that philosophers should reconsider their empirical assumptions about the human psychology of discord, and hypothesize that accusatory anger is unlikely to have the communicative and cultivating effects that it is purported to have. I conclude by highlighting further empirical and ethical questions this hypothesis generates.
Quality of Life in Patients with Subjective Cognitive Impairment Referred to a Rural and Remote Memory Clinic
Authors: Sun Gloria , Kirk Andrew , Karunanayake Chandima , O’Connell Megan E. , Morgan Debra G.
Published: January 2025

Background:

We sought to compare whether quality of life (QOL) in patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) who performed normally on a neuropsychological battery significantly differed from those diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or non-Alzheimer’s dementia (non-AD) at initial assessment in a Rural and Remote Memory Clinic (RRMC).

Methods:

610 patients referred to our RRMC between 2004 and 2019 were included in this study. We compared self-reported and caregiver-reported patient QOL scores in those with SCI (n = 166) to those diagnosed with MCI (n = 98), AD (n = 228) and non-AD (n = 118).

Results:

Patients with SCI self-reported significantly lower QOL compared to patients with AD. Interestingly, the reverse was seen in caregivers: SCI caregivers rated patient QOL higher than AD caregivers. Patients with SCI also reported lower QOL than patients with MCI. SCI caregivers reported higher patient QOL than their non-AD counterparts. Caregiver-rated patient QOL was higher in those with MCI compared to AD. Patients with MCI self-reported higher QOL scores compared to patients with non-AD dementias. Similarly, MCI caregivers reported higher patient QOL than non-AD caregivers. No other comparisons were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Although they lacked clinically significant cognitive deficits, patients with SCI self-reported significantly lower QOL than patients with MCI and AD. Conversely, caregiver-reported patient QOL was higher for patients with SCI than for patients with AD and non-AD. This shows that SCI seriously impacts QOL. More research is needed on how we can better support patients with SCI to improve their QOL.
Undergraduate Students’ Onlooker Response Prior to Arrival of Emergency Medical Services: An Assessment of Willingness to Respond
Authors: Hayanga Heather K. , Rosenblum Andrew J. , McGuire Joseph A. , Noor Kinza , Thibault Dylan , Woods Kaitlin , Richardson Matthew R. , Carter-Bozman Akeya , Thomas Wesley , Smith Steven , Hayanga J.W. Awori , Barnett Daniel J.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study sought to assess undergraduate students’ knowledge and attitudes surrounding perceived self-efficacy and threats in various common emergencies in communities of higher education.

Methods

Self-reported perceptions of knowledge and skills, as well as attitudes and beliefs regarding education and training, obligation to respond, safety, psychological readiness, efficacy, personal preparedness, and willingness to respond were investigated through 3 representative scenarios via a web-based survey.

Results

Among 970 respondents, approximately 60% reported their university had adequately prepared them for various emergencies while 84% reported the university should provide such training. Respondents with high self-efficacy were significantly more likely than those with low self-efficacy to be willing to respond in whatever capacity needed across all scenarios.

Conclusions

There is a gap between perceived student preparedness for emergencies and training received. Students with high self-efficacy were the most likely to be willing to respond, which may be useful for future training initiatives.
Limits to Deprivation of National Citizenship under European Union law: the Case of Foreign Terrorist Fighters and the Right to be Readmitted into the EU for Their Children
Authors: Poli Sara , Lonardo Luigi
Published: January 2025

Deprivation of national citizenship is one of the strategies used to counter the phenomenon of foreign terrorist fighters, that is, individuals traveling abroad for the purpose of terrorism. This Article begins with a short overview of the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights on the deprivation of citizenship. In these cases, the contestation of the deprivation of citizenship was based on the infringement of the rights to private and family life. We then turn to the limits imposed by EU law on decisions made by national authorities of Member States concerning citizenship deprivation of foreign terrorist fighters. Focusing on recent cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) concerning the European citizenship, we address the evolving role that EU law plays in the assessment of the proportionality of Member States’ decisions to strip individuals of national citizenship. We also consider the national practice, focusing on a recent decision in Denmark. In addition, we consider legal issues arising from the repatriation of Foreign Terrorist Fighters and their children. We argue that EU citizenship thus offers a further layer of protection against the deprivation of citizenship and that Member States are under a positive obligation to repatriate EU citizens who are the children of Foreign Terrorist Fighters on account of the case-law stemming from the Ruiz-Zambrano and X (Thai national) cases. For the moment, no common approach to repatriation of foreign fighters, or their children, is taken by EU member States in the context of the EU.
Transformation of small-amplitude internal waves passing over a bottom step in a two-layer fluid
Authors: Boral Susam , Stepanyants Yury
Published: January 2025

The transformation of internal waves on a stepwise underwater obstacle is studied in the linear approximation. The transmission and reflection coefficients are derived for a two-layer fluid. The results are obtained and presented as functions of incident wave wavenumber, density ratio of layers, pycnocline position, and height of the bottom step. Excitation coefficients of evanescent modes are also calculated, and their importance is demonstrated. This allows one to estimate the number of evanescent modes necessary to take into account to attain the required accuracy for the transformation coefficients.
The meaning of ‘frustration’ across languages
Authors: Soriano Cristina , Ogarkova Anna
Published: January 2025

Semantic equivalence in the affective domain is always a matter of degree, even for the words that may seem uncontroversial. For example, a word may be quoted in dictionaries as the semantic equivalent of another word and be used in practice as its most frequent translation equivalent, and yet those two words may significantly differ in meaning. This study focuses on one such case – that of the English term frustration and its cognates in Spanish (frustración), French (frustration) and German (Frustration). Using data from corpora and self-report, we find that, while frustration terms in Spanish, French and German reflect a cross-culturally stable type of low-power anger, or can denote affective experiences other than anger, English frustration refers to a prototypical anger experience characterized by high power. Converging evidence is presented from two psycholinguistic and two linguistic studies employing elicited and observational data. We offer a possible explanation for the observed semantic differences based on psychological appraisal theory and cross-cultural psychology. The novelties and limitations of our findings are discussed, along with their implications for researchers in the affective sciences.
How much conversation content is actually social: human conversational behaviour revisited
Authors: Szala Anna , Wacewicz Sławomir , Placiński Marek , Poniewierska Aleksandra Ewa , Schmeichel Arkadiusz , Stefanczyk Michal Mikolaj , Żywiczyński Przemysław , Dunbar Robin I.M.
Published: January 2025

Our study explores aspects of human conversation within the framework of evolutionary psychology, focusing on the proportion of ‘social’ to ‘non-social’ content in casual conversation. Building upon the seminal study by Dunbar et al. (1997, Human Nature, 8, 231–246), which posited that two-thirds of conversation gravitates around social matters, our findings indicate an even larger portion, approximately 85% being of a social nature. Additionally, we provide a nuanced categorisation of ‘social’ rooted in the principles of evolutionary psychology. Similarly to Dunbar et al.’s findings, our results support theories of human evolution that highlight the importance of social interactions and information exchange and the importance of the exchange of social information in human interactions across various contexts.
Individual variability and the H* ~ L + H* contrast in English
Authors: Orrico Riccardo , Gryllia Stella , Kim Jiseung , Arvaniti Amalia
Published: January 2025

The H* ~ L + H* pitch accent contrast in English has been a matter of lengthy debate, with some arguing that L + H* is an emphatic version of H* and others that the accents are phonetically and pragmatically distinct. Empirical evidence is inconclusive, possibly because studies do not consider dialectal variation and individual variability. We focused on Standard Southern British English (SSBE), which has not been extensively investigated with respect to this contrast, and used Rapid Prosody Transcription (RPT) to examine differences in prominence based on accent form and function. L + H*s were rated more prominent than H*s but only when the former were used for contrast and the latter were not, indicating that participants had expectations about the form–function connection. However, they also differed substantially in which they considered primary (form or function). We replicated both the general findings and the patterns of individual variability with a second RPT study which also showed that the relative prioritization of form or function related to participant differences in empathy, musicality and autistic-like traits. In conclusion, the two accents are used to encode different pragmatics, though the form–function mapping is not clear-cut, suggesting a marginal contrast that not every SSBE speaker shares and attends to.
Typological differences and cognitive load in manner processing: a corpus-based study of Chinese–English and English–Chinese consecutive interpreting
Authors: Shen Lin
Published: January 2025

The influence of inter-typological variations on the processing of manner information has been extensively examined in the domain of motion. Manner, however, extends to more other semantic domains, as demonstrated in the onomasiological approach to manner analysis. This study, based on this approach, analyses the influence of directionality and cognitive load (measured by interpreting performance) on the transfer of manner under high cognitive demands, using bidirectional corpus data of consecutive interpreting between Chinese (an equipollently framed language) and English (a satellite-framed language). The results indicate that (1) increased interpreting performance correlates with higher transfer rates of both manner adjuncts and verbs; (2) transfer rates for manner verbs are significantly higher when interpreting into English (CE) than into Chinese (EC), supporting previous findings on the salience of manner in English; (3) interpreting direction influences resistance to cognitive load, with manner adjuncts showing greater resistance in the EC direction due to Chinese’s more flexible locus of manner information, while manner verbs exhibit better resistance in the CE direction, reflecting English’s higher verbal codability of manner. These findings suggest the broader applicability of Talmy’s typology to semantic domains beyond motion and to processing under high cognitive loads in different language combinations and interpreting modes.
Perspectives on Refugeehood and Motherhood: Germany-Based Ukrainians’ Life Aspirations over Time
Authors: Rock Jonna
Published: January 2025

Drawing from the experiences of thirty-two refugee women who fled with their children from Ukraine to two German cities, Berlin and Frankfurt Oder, this article explores how being a refugee and a mother affects the anchoring, along with the un-anchoring and embedding of Ukrainian refugees in their new environment. It illustrates that solidarity practices and (inter)actions play a crucial role in mobility considerations, as the interlocutors engaging in solidarity work find meaning in building lives in their new environment. The identities of the interlocutors as refugees and mothers play an important role in shaping the solidarity they articulate as they work to support others in a similar situation in cultivating agency, which, at the same time, gives the interlocutors comfort in their own struggles. This article also makes a valuable contribution to the scholarly literature on transnational family ties through the case of Ukrainian refugee women in Germany, who often have family members remaining in/returning to Ukraine. The interlocutors positioning as mothers and refugees means that they engage in negotiating mobility considerations with these positions in hindsight — providing new avenues of enquiry into the agency of refugee-mothers, reflecting on life aspirations, and considering their specific positionalities and forced migration context.
The Mormon Archive’s First Ten Thousand Years: Infrastructure, Materiality, Ontology, and Resurrection in Religious Transhumanism
Authors: Bialecki Jon
Published: January 2025

One of the chief debates in the academic study of transhumanism is whether or not this emergent movement that advocates for the technological overcoming of the limits of humanity should be considered religious in nature. This question stems from the fact that, while the vast majority of transhumanists explicitly reject established religion, elements of transhumanism seem strikingly similar to Christian eschatology. This article explores this question by asking how the ontology of an avowedly religious transhumanist movement, the Mormon Transhumanist Association, differs from the informatic ontology identified in secular transhumanism. It shows how contemporary Mormon Transhumanist imaginings of various forms of technological resurrection are informed by the infrastructure and materialist ontology associated with the Mormon practice of “Proxy baptisms” (otherwise known as baptisms for the dead) and other initiatory rituals conducted by proxy on behalf of the deceased. This influence suggests that, at least in this case, there are identifiable differences between secular transhumanism and religious transhumanism that complicate any easy reading of secular transhumanism as being crypto-religion.
Delayed exponence in Murrinhpatha: Stratal OT, not position classes
Authors: Popp Marie-Luise
Published: January 2025

In this paper, I analyze an intricate morphological pattern in Murrinhpatha which involves reordering of the dual marker ngintha and an alternation in the form of its adjacent morpheme. I will argue that the pattern strongly suggests an analysis in Stratal Optimality Theory: first, phonological correlates of morphological structure provide evidence for cyclic domains within the word. Second, the phenomenon can be derived using independently motivated morphological constraints, thus supporting the idea that morphology is an independent module of grammar with different optimization mechanisms, but the same stratal split as phonology. The cyclic architecture of the word provides a straightforward explanation for the placement of the dual marker and the resulting allomorphy of the classifier stem without resorting to ad hoc mechanisms such as position classes. Furthermore, the cyclic structure neatly accounts for multiple exponence of [dual] through the daucal (dual/paucal) classifier stem and ngintha. My analysis suggests that this overexponence results from the blocking of ngintha in the first cycle and the selection of the featurally more specific daucal stem. However, ngintha is not strictly bounded to the first cycle, and its realization is delayed until the second cycle.
Energy flux decomposition in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Authors: Capocci Damiano , Johnson Perry L. , Oughton Sean , Biferale Luca , Linkmann Moritz
Published: January 2025

In hydrodynamic (HD) turbulence, an exact decomposition of the energy flux across scales has been derived that identifies the contributions associated with vortex stretching and strain self-amplification (Johnson, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 124, 2020 104501; J. Fluid Mech., vol. 922, 2021, A3) to the energy flux across scales. Here, we extend this methodology to general coupled advection–diffusion equations and, in particular, to homogeneous magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. We show that several MHD subfluxes are related to each other by kinematic constraints akin to the Betchov relation in HD. Applied to data from direct numerical simulations, this decomposition allows for an identification of physical processes and for the quantification of their respective contributions to the energy cascade, as well as a quantitative assessment of their multi-scale nature through a further decomposition into single- and multi-scale terms. We find that vortex stretching is strongly depleted in MHD compared with HD, and the kinetic energy is transferred from large to small scales almost exclusively by the generation of regions of small-scale intense strain induced by the Lorentz force. In regions of large strain, current sheets are stretched by large-scale straining motion into regions of magnetic shear. This magnetic shear in turn drives extensional flows at smaller scales. Magnetic energy is transferred from large to small scales predominantly by the aforementioned current-sheet thinning in regions of high strain. The contributions from current-filament stretching – the analogue to vortex stretching – and from bending of magnetic field-lines into current filaments by vortical motion are both almost negligible, although the latter induces strong backscatter of magnetic energy. Consequences of these results for subgrid-scale turbulence modelling are discussed.