bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adapted remote cognitive behavioural therapy for comfort eating with a woman with intellectual disabilities: Case report
Authors: Millar Chris , Greenhill Beth
Published: February 2022

Background

Diagnostic overshadowing can prevent the treatment of comfort eating in people with intellectual disabilities, and the published literature contains few therapeutic examples. This case study reports a relatively novel, promising, and accessible, remote cognitive behavioural intervention.

Case presentation

This case study documents a therapeutic intervention for comfort eating with a client, Sarah, in a National Health Service adult Community Learning Disabilities Service. Sarah is a white, British woman in her late thirties, with a diagnosis of Down syndrome who experienced significant problems with comfort eating and subsequent weight management. Despite dieting and exercising, Sarah was clinically obese and experienced weight related pain and psychological distress. Systemic intervention between Sarah, her mother, and the therapist formulated Sarah’s eating difficulties using a cognitive behavioural framework. This hypothesised how comfort-eating met her emotional needs and maintained her health difficulties. Remote cognitive behavioural therapy interventions included collaborative behavioural experiments, coping strategies, and homework tasks.

Conclusions

The Maslow Assessment of Needs Scale-Learning Disabilities, Glasgow Depression Scale for people with a Learning Disability, Glasgow Anxiety Scale for people with an Intellectual Disability, qualitative feedback from family, as well as frequency data showed significant improvement. Additionally, the case considers the evidence base, assessment, formulation and intervention, before reflecting on its various strengths and limitations. It reflects on the intersectionality of sexuality and intellectual disabilities, and the desire for romantic attachment, which was additionally complicated by the context of coronavirus and social isolation. The environmental influences on comfort eating regarding this case, and in general, the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities are also considered. The potential clinical impact of this case study includes exemplifying an effective comfort eating therapeutic intervention in an often overlooked client group.
Terrain traversability prediction for off-road vehicles based on multi-source transfer learning
Authors: Inotsume Hiroaki , Kubota Takashi
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a novel terrain traversability prediction method is proposed for new operation environments. When an off-road vehicle is operated on rough terrains or slopes made up of unconsolidated materials, it is crucial to accurately predict terrain traversability to ensure efficient operations and avoid critical mobility risks. However, the prediction of traversability in new environments is challenging, especially for possibly risky terrains, because the traverse data available for such terrains is either limited or non-existent. To address this limitation, this study proposes an adaptive terrain traversability prediction method based on multi-source transfer Gaussian process regression. The proposed method utilizes the limited data available on low-risk terrains of the target environment to enhance the prediction accuracy on untraversed, possibly higher-risk terrains by leveraging past traverse experiences on multiple types of terrain surface. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated in scenarios where vehicle slippage and power consumption are predicted using a dataset of various terrain surfaces and geometries. In addition to predicting terrain traversability as continuous values, the utility of the proposed method is demonstrated in binary risk level classification of yet to be traversed steep terrains from limited data on safer terrains.
Genetic regulation of the ompX porin of Salmonella Typhimurium in response to hydrogen peroxide stress
Authors: Briones A. C. , Lorca D. , Cofre A. , Cabezas C. E. , Krüger G. I. , Pardo-Esté C. , Baquedano M. S. , Salinas C. R. , Espinoza M. , Castro-Severyn J. , Remonsellez F. , Hidalgo A. A. , Morales E. H. , Saavedra C. P.
Published: February 2022

Background

Salmonella Typhimurium is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes a systemic disease in mice resembling typhoid fever. During its infective cycle, S. Typhimurium is phagocytized by macrophages and proliferates inside a Salmonella-containing vacuole where Salmonella is exposed and survives oxidative stress induced by H2O2 through modulation of gene expression. After exposure of Salmonella to H2O2, the expression of the porin-encoding gene ompX increases, as previously shown by microarray analysis. Expression of ompX mRNA is regulated at a post-transcriptional level by MicA and CyaR sRNAs in aerobiosis. In addition, sequence analysis predicts a site for OxyS sRNA in ompX mRNA.

Results

In this work we sought to evaluate the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of ompX under H2O2 stress. We demonstrate that ompX expression is induced at the transcriptional level in S. Typhimurium under such conditions. Unexpectedly, an increase in ompX gene transcript and promoter activity after challenges with H2O2 does not translate into increased protein levels in the wild-type strain, suggesting that ompX mRNA is also regulated at a post-transcriptional level, at least under oxidative stress. In silico gene sequence analysis predicted that sRNAs CyaR, MicA, and OxyS could regulate ompX mRNA levels. Using rifampicin to inhibit mRNA expression, we show that the sRNAs (MicA, CyaR and OxyS) and the sRNA:mRNA chaperone Hfq positively modulate ompX mRNA levels under H2O2-induced stress in Salmonella during the exponential growth phase in Lennox broth.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that ompX mRNA is regulated in response to H2O2 by the sRNAs CyaR, MicA and OxyS is Salmonella Typhimurium.
Body Fat of Basketball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sansone Pierpaolo , Makivic Bojan , Csapo Robert , Hume Patria , Martínez-Rodríguez Alejandro , Bauer Pascal
Published: February 2022

Background

This study aimed to provide reference values for body fat (BF) of basketball players considering sex, measurement method, and competitive level.

Methods

A systematic literature research was conducted using five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Scopus). BF values were extracted, with analyses conducted using random-effects models and data reported as percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

After screening, 80 articles representing 4335 basketball players were selected. Pooled mean BF was 13.1% (95% CI 12.4–13.8%) for male players and 20.7% (95% CI 19.9–21.5%) for female players. Pooled mean BF was 21.4% (95% CI 18.4–24.3%) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), 15.2% (95% CI 12.8–17.6%) via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), 12.4% (95% CI 10.6–14.2%) via skinfolds and 20.0% (95% CI 13.4–26.6%) via air displacement plethysmography. Pooled mean BF across competitive levels were 13.5% (95% CI 11.6–15.3%) for international, 15.7% (95% CI 14.2–17.2%) for national and 15.1% (95% CI 13.5–16.7%) for regional-level players. As the meta-regression revealed significant effects of sex, measurement method and competitive level on BF, the meta-analysis was adjusted for these moderators. The final model revealed significant differences in BF between male and female players (p < 0.001). BF measured by DXA was significantly higher than that measured by BIA or skinfolds (p < 0.001). International-level players had significantly lower BF than national and regional-level players (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Despite the limitations of published data, this meta-analysis provides reference values for BF of basketball players. Sex, measurement method and competitive level influence BF values, and therefore must be taken into account when interpreting results.
COVID-19 and the expanding role of international urban search and rescue (USAR) teams: the case of the 2020 Beirut explosions
Authors: Okita Yosuke , Glassey Steve , Shaw Rajib
Published: February 2022

The paper conducts a case study on the international urban search and rescue (USAR) response to the Beirut explosions in August 2020. The incident is worth analysing because it was the first of the international USAR deployments under global travel restrictions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. It will closely look at the activity of @fire Germany, which is self-recognised as a light USAR team, deployed to Beirut. Due to the arrangements imposed for COVID-19 prevention, it becomes more difficult for international USAR teams to arrive in affected areas quickly, meaning that the possibility for life-saving further decreases. Thus, international USAR teams must be flexible to contribute to early recovery activity after the completion of the search and rescue phase. The @fire Germany’s response gives a good example of how light international USAR teams could contribute to early recovery. Also, some countries might not want to receive or send international USAR teams due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the COVID-19 era, strengthening national and local teams, or first responders, who are already in-country becomes critical to saving more lives.
Transcriptome sequencing reveals core regulation modules and gene signatures of Zusanli acupoints in response to different moxibustion warm stimulation in adjuvant arthritis rat
Authors: Zeng Li , Guo Jing , Du Ping , Yu Shuguang , Yin Haiyan
Published: February 2022

Background

The efficacy of moxibustion in treating rheumatoid arthritis is recognized, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to characterize the molecular map and potential key genes in the process of different moxibustion warm at Zusanli acupoint treatment of adjuvant arthritis (AA) model.

Methods

AA rat model was induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and then accessed by foot swelling and thermal hyperalgesia test. Transcriptome sequencing, series test of cluster (STC) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used in this study.

Results

CFA-induced inflammation, foot swelling, and pain in AA rats were significantly improved by moxibustion warm. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in nine different comparison groups and a total of 4535 DEGs were identified, and these DEGs were preferentially clustered in inflammatory and immune-related pathways, such as MAPK signaling pathway. Only 1 DEG of heat shock protein 90, alpha (cytosolic), class A member 1 (Hsp90aa1) was shared in comparison groups of model with moxibustion treatment. STC analysis also revealed that Hsp90aa1 was increased in AA model, but decreased after 37 °C moxibustion intervention, and constantly decreased after 42 °C moxibustion treatment. GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these genes enriched in inflammatory and immune-related pathways. Moreover, WGCNA identified that violet module was positively correlated with model temperature while negatively correlated with control, and the paleturquoise module was positively correlated with model. The violet and paleturquoise module gene were significantly enriched in MAPK signaling pathway. Importantly, Hsp90aa1 also played a central role in the violet module by interacting with multiple proteins.

Conclusions

Moxibustion warm improved AA in rat, and we obtained the transcriptome profile and excavate a critical gene of Hsp90aa1, and provided insight into gene signatures for moxibustion warm at Zusanli acupoint in AA rat.
Patients’ perspectives of telemedicine appointments for psoriatic arthritis during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a patient-driven pilot survey
Authors: Jethwa Hannah , Brooke Melanie , Parkinson Andrew , Dures Emma , Gullick Nicola J.
Published: February 2022

Background

Over recent years the lack of patient involvement in the design, set-up and implementation of clinical research studies has been well recognised; as such there has been a drive within research communities to increase patient participation. Patient perspectives on telemedicine differ widely, with variation in whether patients feel remote consultations are beneficial. By means of a patient-driven survey, we aimed to formally evaluate patient perspectives on its benefits and pitfalls, focusing on patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods

An e-survey was developed by two patient representatives on the BritPACT steering committee, with a view to determining unmet needs and the perceived impact on clinical care of virtual consultations amongst patients with PsA.

Results

128 patients responded to the e-survey. 109 patients rated the effectiveness of their telemedicine appointment and, of these, 18% felt their virtual consultation was very/extremely effective compared to an in-clinic consultation and 49% felt it was somewhat/equally as effective; furthermore, 48% (51/107) felt that such virtual consultations would be of benefit to them after the pandemic. 36% of respondents felt their virtual consultation was not as effective as an in-clinic review. Themes identified from open-ended questions included the lack of visual cues, lack of physical examination and effect on rapport and ease of open communication as the main pitfalls of virtual consultations. Patients with well-controlled symptoms appeared more satisfied with remote reviews compared to those with active disease, though on the whole respondents recognised the benefits, such as saving travel time and costs. Those who had an established relationship with their health professional appeared less concerned regarding virtual consultations though a recurring view was that newly diagnosed patients should have in-clinic appointments to build rapport and improve symptom control at an early stage.

Conclusions

Overall patients’ perspectives on virtual consultations varied widely though patients with well-controlled symptoms and those who had a previously established relationship with their healthcare professionals and well-controlled disease appeared more satisfied with remote reviews.
Enhanced recovery after surgery for major orthopedic surgery: a narrative review
Authors: Choi Yun Seong , Kim Tae Woo , Chang Moon Jong , Kang Seung-Baik , Chang Chong Bum
Published: February 2022

Background

With increasing interest in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), the literature on ERAS in orthopedic surgery is also rapidly accumulating. This review article aims to (1) summarize the components of the ERAS protocol applied to orthopedic surgery, (2) evaluate the outcomes of ERAS in orthopedic surgery, and (3) suggest practical strategies to implement the ERAS protocol successfully.

Main body

Overall, 17 components constituting the highly recommended ERAS protocol in orthopedic surgery were identified. In the preadmission period, preadmission counseling and the optimization of medical conditions were identified. In the preoperative period, avoidance of prolonged fasting, multimodal analgesia, and prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting were identified. During the intraoperative period, anesthetic protocols, prevention of hypothermia, and fluid management, urinary catheterization, antimicrobial prophylaxis, blood conservation, local infiltration analgesia and local nerve block, and surgical factors were identified. In the postoperative period, early oral nutrition, thromboembolism prophylaxis, early mobilization, and discharge planning were identified. ERAS in orthopedic surgery reduced postoperative complications, hospital stay, and cost, and improved the patient outcomes and satisfaction with accelerated recovery. For successful implementation of the ERAS protocol, various strategies including the standardization of care system, multidisciplinary communication and collaboration, ERAS education, and continuous audit system are necessary.

Conclusion

The ERAS pathway enhanced patient recovery with a shortened length of stay, reduced postoperative complications, and improved patient outcomes and satisfaction. However, despite the significant progress in ERAS implementation in recent years, it has mainly focused on major surgeries such as arthroplasty. Therefore, further efforts to apply, audit, and optimize ERAS in various orthopedic surgeries are necessary.
Analysis of clinical and radiological outcomes of long tibial stemmed total knee arthroplasty in knee osteoarthritis complicated by tibial stress fracture
Authors: Reddy Neelam V. Ramana , Saini Mukesh Kumar , Reddy Pera Jayavardhan , Thakur Ajay Singh , Reddy Challa Dinesh
Published: February 2022

Objective

Knee arthritis associated with tibial stress fractures represents an uncommon and difficult clinical scenario to treat. The use of long, fluted tibial extension rods has been vital in the management of such cases owing to immediate fracture stability and single-stage surgery without the need to open the fracture site. This study investigates clinical and radiological outcomes following total knee arthroplasty using a tibial extension stem in cases of knee osteoarthritis with tibial stress fracture.

Methods

From February 2015 to December 2020, 17 patients who had total knee arthroplasty implanted with a long stemmed tibial component were included in the study. Patient data were analyzed for knee range of motion, deformities, Knee Society score, knee function score, and time to fracture union in the pre- and postoperative periods.

Results

The mean follow-up duration was 22.7 ± 11.68 months (range 12–60 months), and mean time to fracture healing was 10.23 ± 2.81 weeks (range 8–20 weeks). The preoperative mean fixed flexion deformity improved from 8.53 ± 3.43° to a mean of 0.29°, and knee flexion improved from 79.4 ± 13.90° to 125.29 ± 8.74° on postoperative assessment. The Knee Society score improved from a mean preoperative score of 18.94 ± 5.55 (range 8–28) to 89.41 ± 7.5 (range 74–102, p value < 0.001). Similarly, the knee function score improved significantly from a mean preoperative score of 15.5 ± 4.48 (range 8–26) to a mean of 85 ± 6.09 (range 72–94, p value < 0.001).

Conclusion

Total knee arthroplasty using long tibial extenders has been an effective and safe surgical option for patients with advanced osteoarthritis with tibial stress fractures.
Mechanical performance of strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCC) with bacterial addition
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Liu Dawei , Ding Yuanzhao , Wang Shuping
Published: February 2022

Incorporation of bacteria can realize self-healing and enhance strength of concrete, which has been drawn extensive attention in past decades. The studies focused on the properties of fiber reinforced concrete with bacterial addition are still very limited. In this paper, mechanical performance of strain hardening cementitious composites (SHCC) with directly adding vegetative bacterial cells was investigated. The experimental results revealed that the compressive, first cracking, and tensile strength of SHCCs was increased due to the addition of bacteria, while the tensile strain capacity tended to decline. At micro-scale level, the matrix containing bacteria has relative higher fracture toughness to that of reference mix. Interestingly, the bacteria notably lowered chemical bond between PVA fiber and its surrounding hydrates; on the other hand, the frictional bond was enhanced. The findings in this study can provide a reference for modifying the surface of hydrophilic fibers.
Text-rating review discrepancy (TRRD): an integrative review and implications for research
Authors: Almansour Amal , Alotaibi Reem , Alharbi Hajar
Published: February 2022

The large number of online product and service review websites has created a substantial information resource for both individuals and businesses. Researching the abundance of text reviews can be a daunting task for both customers and business owners; however, rating scores are a concise form of evaluation. Traditionally, it is assumed that user sentiments, which are expressed in the text reviews, should correlate highly with their score ratings. To better understand this relationship, this study aims to determine whether text reviews are always consistent with the combined numeric evaluations. This paper reviews the relevant literature and discusses the methodologies used to analyse reviews, with suggestions of possible future research directions. From surveying the literature, it is concluded that the quality of the rating scores used for sentiment analysis models is questionable as it might not reflect the sentiment of the associated reviews texts. Therefore, it is suggested considering both types of sources, reviews’ texts and scores in developing Online Consumer Reviews (OCRs) solution models. In addition, quantifying the relationship degree between the text reviews and the scores might be used as an instrument to understand the quality of rating scores, hence its usefulness as labels for building OCRs solution models.
Weak-anisotropy approximation of P-wave reflection coefficient in anisotropic media of arbitrary symmetry and tilt
Authors: Pšenčík Ivan , Farra Véronique
Published: February 2022

Applicability of the approximate expression for the P-wave reflection coefficient at a weak-contrast reflector separating two weakly anisotropic half-spaces of arbitrary symmetry is extended to media of arbitrary symmetry and tilt. The reflection coefficient consists of the approximate P-wave reflection coefficient at a weak-contrast interface separating two reference isotropic half-spaces and a correction term due to anisotropy. Along an arbitrarily chosen profile, the “isotropic” term depends on the density and P- and S-wave contrasts, and the correction term depends linearly on the contrasts of four profile weak-anisotropy (WA) parameters specifying anisotropy along the profile. In addition, both terms depend on the polar angle of incidence. In each half-space, the four profile WA parameters can be expressed as a linear combination of 12 of 21 global WA parameters specifying anisotropy of the half-space. Coefficients of this linear combination are functions of the azimuth of the profile. WA parameters are a generalization of Thomsen parameters to arbitrary anisotropy and represent an alternative to 21 independent elements of the stiffness tensor. WA parameters can be used for the approximation of other related concepts such as the reflection moveout or the geometric spreading. Presented tests illustrate high accuracy and flexibility of the proposed formula for the P-wave reflection coefficient. They also show that very accurate results can be obtained for contrasts and anisotropy, which cannot be considered weak.
Sexting in young university of the colombian caribbean, a comparative study between male and female
Authors: Gonzalez E.P. Ruiz , Argel M.N. Muñoz , Guzman M.J. Arcos , Otalvaro A.M. Romero , Reyes D. Diaz
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Sexting is sending / forwarding erotic-sexual content voluntarily through technological devices and / or the internet. (Fleschler-Peskin, 2013). Real Participation (RPS), Active Disposition (ADS) and Emotional Expression (EES) was studied.

Objectives

Compare sexting in two groups of participants: female and male

Methods

Comparison of data means measured by the Cronbach alpha sexting behavior scale α = 0.92, (Chacon-Lopez, et al, 2016). Sample N = 900 (447 female and 453 male)

Results

The ADS and RPS decrease between 18 to 20 years old and increase between 20 to 22 years old. EES decreases when increasing age, except in 20 years old. Applying multiple regression analysis, control variable sex and reference group age 18 old, presents statistically significant difference, excepting 19 years old in EES and 22 years old in RPS. (Figure 1)

Comparing age and gender, ADS men present higher levels than women, excepting 19 years old. EES and RP, no significant differences are observed. Comparing women’s mean show lower AD levels than men with Cohen’s effect size d = 0.62, (Cohen, 1988). Related to PRS averages, women present lower levels than men without statistically significant differences. Comparing means, women show lower ADS levels than men effecting d Cohen d = 0.46, (Cohen, 1988). (Figure 2)

Conclusions

Evidence difference between men and women, in ADS and EES, without pattern associated with age, young men and women sexting
Personality and coping as gendered predictors of distress and well-being in nursing students
Authors: Laranjeira C. , Querido A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Previous studies about relationship between personality factors and stress related processes mainly focus on relation between these factors and application of coping strategies.

Objectives

This study expanded previous research by examining the combined contribution of personality traits (NEO-FFI) and coping strategies (Brief COPE) in the prediction of stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms (DASS-21), and psychological well-being (WHO-5) among undergraduate nursing students.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was performed in 2017. Participants of this study were 75 nursing students (men=37, women=38) from one Portuguese School of Health Sciences. The students who agreed to participate filled out an informed consent. Then the questionnaires were administered in a random order to avoid order effects in the data.

Results

Regarding personality, women reported higher conscientiousness and agreeableness than men. There were no gender differences in coping. Among men, openness and agreeableness (inversely) and neuroticism predicted stress. In women, neuroticism and venting predicted stress. Regarding depression, conscientiousness and extraversion (inversely) and neuroticism were predictors for men, whereas neuroticism, self-blame, and denial were predictors for women. Conscientiousness and extraversion (inversely) and venting and denial predicted anxiety in men, as did neuroticism and venting in women. For well-being, conscientiousness and extraversion were predictors among men; neuroticism and seeking instrumental support (inversely) and extraversion were predictors among women. Personality traits dominated the prediction of distress and well-being in men, while both personality and coping were predictors in women.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that it is not the degree of each personality trait or coping strategy but the pattern of relationship between these phenomena and psychological outcomes that is of relevance. The results could inform gendered preventive and treatment interventions for college students.
Impact of “national suicide prevention week” on digital awareness of suicide prevention : an insight from google trends
Authors: Trivedi C. , Shukla S. , Adnan M. , Shah K. , Weiss L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Every year in the month of September, National Suicide Prevention Week is celebrated. The goal of suicide prevention week is to inform the public about suicide prevention, primarily the warning signs of suicide. However, the impact of this month on the general population is unknown. The Google trends show how frequent web searches have been performed for a particular search-term, which provide an approximation of the people’s interest.

Objectives

To evaluate public interest in suicide prevention by analyzing the google trends of “Suicide Prevention” search-term.

Methods

We estimated the interest in such topics by running the google trends data of the last decade by using the filter [Search Term:“Suicide Prevention”, Locations: “United States” and Time Ranges “ 2010 to 2020”].

Results

During this specific interval, people have searched “Suicide Prevention” most frequently during the month of September (month of National Suicide Prevention week). Conversely, in the other months, interest in “suicide prevention” fluctuated between little to none. The only other time people have shown interest in Suicide prevention, other than the month of September, was with suicide news in the media, such as the death of a celebrity by suicide, or suicide-related TV shows. [Figure]

Conclusions

Although it is not definitive, it gives some idea that National Suicide Prevention week has a considerable impact on population interest. Since we did not observe sufficient public interest in other months, there should be frequent and systematic efforts to spread suicide prevention awareness among the general population.
Effects of cognitive rehabilitation training in elderly with mild cognitive impairment a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aniwattanapong D.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) becomes increasingly common. It has been demonstrated high risk of progression to dementia. There are no approved medications for treatment of MCI while cognitive intervention might improve cognitive deficits. However, there have been insufficient evidence supporting the effect of the cognitive intervention.

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of a cognitive rehabilitation training in patients with Mild cognitive impairment

Methods

A randomized controlled single-blind trial was conducted. Participants aged ≥ 60 years diagnosed with MCI were recruited and randomly assigned to intervention group (n=32) or waiting list control group (n=32). The intervention was 3-day weekly sessions of multi-component cognitive rehabilitation training for 3 months. Outcomes were assessed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) to measure the effects of intervention at baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow up within the intervention group and compare between intervention group and control group.

Results

The intervention showed significant improvements on the visual episodic memory (p<0.05) and on the executive function (p<0.05) at 3-month follow up. There was a trend towards improvement of cognition between the intervention group and control group, but this effect was not significant. At 6-month follow up, the OTS significantly changed from 3-month follow up, which reflect the maintaining effects of the cognitive training.

Conclusions

The cognitive rehabilitation training has demonstrated improvement of the visual episodic memory and the executive function for the elderly with MCI.
Personality disorders and therapist countertransference: A review
Authors: Iñiguez I. Cuevas , Lietor M.D.C. Molina
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The countertransference of the therapist is crucial in psychotherapy. Although the concept of countertransference arose from psychoanalysis, it is considered a construct that occurs in any type of therapy.

Objectives

The purpose of this review is to examinate the relationship between personality disorders and countertransference.

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed on PubMed using the keywords “personality disorder” and “countertransference”. All papers published between 2015 and 2020 were evaluated.

Results

There were significant relationships between and patients’ personality disorders and patterns of countertransference. Criticized countertransference were associated with paranoid and antisocial personality disorders. Borderline personality disorders was related to helpless, overwhelmed, and overinvolved responses. Narcissistic and schizotypal personality disorders were associated with disengaged therapist responeses. Helpless countertransference was associated with schizoid personality disorders. Avoidant personality disorders was associated with postive responses. Special/overinvolved therapist responses were associated with obsessive-compulsive personality disorders

Conclusions

Several studies suggest that therapists’ emotional responses occur consistently in any kind of therapy. Moreover, specific personality disorders are associated with concrete emotional responses. Therefore, therapists can make therapeutic and diagnostic use of their conuntertransference.
Narrative psychiatry: Healing through storytelling
Authors: Cerejeira J. Gonçalves , Rivera Jiménez C. , Santos Carrasco I. , Capella C. , Rodríguez E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

We all have the innate ability to tell our story and the way we do it can determine the impact that each problem has on our lives. Storytelling can play a critical role in psychiatric practice and, from this premise, a new way of practicing psychiatry has recently emerged: narrative psychiatry.

Objectives

The objective is to offer a unified vision of narrative psychiatry, providing details on the historical and academic context of this approach.

Methods

A narrative-type literary review focused on narrative psychiatry will be presented.

Results

Narrative psychiatry is an innovative clinical approach in line within narrative medicine and with a specific subtype of postmodern psychotherapy, the narrative therapy of Michael White and David Epston. This novel way of practicing psychiatry arises from critical movements within the discipline but it is an integrative and collaborative perspective: the position of each problem in the patient’s personal narrative is discussed and different therapeutic proposals are addressed, including for instance psychotropic drugs. This integrative posture gives the narrative psychiatrist enough flexibility to equally integrate the scientific achievements of biological psychiatry and the humanizing component of narrative practice. In this literature review, the key tools proposed by the main narrative psychiatrists worldwide for the narrative clinical interview will be exposed.

Conclusions

Narrative psychiatry is a novel approach that narrows the therapeutic relationship and that puts in evidence the history of resistance of the consultant, healing through its own storytelling.
Childhood trauma and mental disorders: Exploring the relationship between trauma, immunity and psychosis
Authors: Figueiredo I. , Viegas F. , Ferreira F. , Manuel C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

A relationship between childhood trauma, psychotic experiences, and psychosis is well established, although causality is not yet ascertained. There are several hypotheses linking trauma and psychosis, regarding genetic vulnerability and/or other environmental factors, possibly also mediated by psychological mechanisms. Long-term modifications to the transcriptome are likely mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. There is also growing evidence supporting an association between childhood trauma and adulthood dysregulation of the immune system, which could help clarify the relationship between trauma and mental disorders, namely psychosis.

Objectives

Review evidence regarding the relationship of childhood trauma, immune system and psychosis.

Methods

Literature review using Medline database.

Results

The prevalence and severity of childhood trauma is characterized by both biological alterations and increased risk of experiencing symptoms of psychosis. Childhood trauma, namely through its effects on IL6 levels, may be a risk factor for schizophrenia in general. Some studies point to a direct relationship between childhood trauma, immunity and psychosis when examined along a continuum from non-clinical controls to psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.

Conclusions

For better understanding this association, these findings must be replicated in larger cohorts. If the impact of childhood trauma on immune function in adulthood does indeed contribute to psychopathology, an improved understanding of this relationship may lead to new and possibly more specific treatment options. Other clinical implications of these findings include increased emphasis in establishing more comprehensive screening of early trauma in patients with psychotic symptoms, as well as the importance of screen and follow children who report traumatic events for emergence of psychotic symptoms.
Validation of the “short health anxiety inventory” on a sample of school-age children (russian-language version)
Authors: Shishkova I. , Pervichko E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Modern Russian health psychology does not have the necessary tools for studying health anxiety in children, and therefore it is necessary to identify methods aimed at assessing the presence/absence and severity of children’s health anxiety.

Objectives

To validate the “Short Health Anxiety Inventory” to a sample of school-age children who do not have serious physical disabilities.

Methods

The sample: 193 respondents (average age-12.5; 117-girls). We used: “Short Health Anxiety Inventory” (SHAI; Salkovskis et al., 2002), Children CPQ (Factor C), “Attitude toward Health” questionnaire (Berezovskaya, 2005) (emotional scale), STAI (Spielberger, 2002), EPI (Eysenck, 1963) (neuroticism scale).

Results

Correlation analysis suggests that “health anxiety” is a separate construct. The discriminativeness criterion shows that each individual statement, as well as the whole inventory, is aimed at measuring the same construct. The retest reliability assessment (4 weeks later) shows the results: the “Health Anxiety” scale - 0.892 (p≤0.01), the “Alertness to bodily sensations” scale - 0.889 (p≤0.01), the “Fear of negative consequences” scale - 0.815 (p≤0.01). Correlations between the scales shows the values: 0.943 (p≤0.01) - for the general scale, 0.392 (p≤0.01) - for the “Alertness to bodily sensations” scale, 0.675 (p≤0.01) - for the “Fear of negative consequences” scale. The original three-component structure of the questionnaire is confirmed. The Russian version of the inventory showed internal consistency (alfa-Cronbach’s coefficient - 0.835), retest reliability, discriminativeness, external and constructive validity.

Conclusions

The results indicate that the SHAI can be used to study health anxiety in children due to its psychometric characteristics, simplicity and ease of use.
Sleep-related behavior as a factor of anxiety and depression: Mediating role of sleep quality
Authors: Rasskazova E. , Yavorovskaya A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Although sleep hygiene is a well-studied factor of good sleep (Irish et al., 2015, McNail et al., 2016), less is known about its role in the complaints on anxiety and depression (wither direct or through sleep quality).

Objectives

The aim was to reveal direct and indirect effects of sleep behavior on subjective sleep quality, anxiety and depression.

Methods

174 people aged 17-57 without diagnosed sleep disorders filled the Scale of Behavioral Factors of Sleep Disturbances (Rasskazova, Leonov, 2020), Insomnia Severity Index (Morin, 1993), Hospital Scale of Anxiety and Depression (Zingmond, Snaith, 1983), Beck’s Anxiety and Depression Inventories (Beck, Steer, 1993, Beck et al., 1996).

Results

Taking medications and non-medications before sleep, alcohol, tonic drinks and using gadgets in the evening, delaying bedtime, self-limitations after poor nights, poor adherence to the regimen and postponement of the morning rise were characterized by an indirect effect on anxiety and depressiveness through poor sleep (|β|=0,03-0,24). Self-limiting behavior and delaying the morning rise are associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, even in the absence of sleep-related complaints (β=0,23-0,34, p<0,01).

Conclusions

Based on the data we suggest that the dysfunctional role of behavior on anxiety and depression is predominantly indirect (through the perpetuation of complaints), but it can also be direct (regardless of complaints of sleep disorders). Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-013-00740.

Conflict of interest

Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-013-00740.
Chemsex drugs: More than ghb, mephedrone and methamphetamine?
Authors: Ramos J. Curto , Dolengevich H. , Romerosa M.A. Morillas , Pascual E. Mateos
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The intentional use of drugs before or during sexual intercourse (chemsex), due to its impact on mental health, is a phenomenon of high importance in men who have sex with men. The main drugs usually described in chemsex related research are methamphetamine, mephedrone and GHB/GBL.

Objectives

We present a narrative review of the evidence about the mechanisms of action of different drugs used in chemsex context.

Methods

Narrative Review.

Results

Different drugs have been associated with chemsex use: stimulants such as cocaine, stimulants with empathogenic properties such as mephedrone, methamphetamine, MDMA; stimulants with a psychedelic effect such as 2C-B; depressants such as GHB/GBL and ethyl chloride; and dissociative hallucinogens such as ketamine.

Conclusions

Classical chemsex research includes only mephedrone, metanphetamine and GHB as “chemsex drugs”. Recently, different drugs have been described associated with chemsex practice. Clinicians may encounter polydrug chemsex users and the different mecanisms of action, mental health problems related to every drug and polydrug use must be takek into account.
Pertinence and development of cibd – clinical interview for bipolar disorder
Authors: Azevedo J. , Martins M. , Castilho P. , Barreto C. , Pereira A.T. , Macedo A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Bipolar disorder (BD) is frequently underdiagnosed and due to poor screening, the average time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis is more than 7-years (Mantere et al., 2004). Improper diagnosis has serious consequences in intervention (Ghaemi et al., 2001), and previous assessment instruments are now considered insufficient to detect intervention changes, and to provide a more functional and integrated view of BD.

Objectives

Our study aims to develop a new DSM-5 based Clinical Interview for Bipolar Disorder (CIBD), providing criteria to diagnose BD, but also the individual’s perceptions dealing with BD symptoms. This interview follows the same structure of CIPD (Martins et al., 2015), which has shown acceptability by the participants and experts.

Methods

CIBD was developed by a multidisciplinary team considering the DSM-5 criteria for Bipolar Disorders. There was a thorough research regarding assessment and evaluation of BD, and several suggestions from an international task force of specialist working with BD patients were considered, when writing the questions for the interview. A detailed description of CIBD development is presented. The authors of the interview have extended experience in the management and assessment of BD patients, and CIBD is now being assessed by a wider non-related panel, regarding pertinence and clarity.

Results

Preliminary assessment and qualitative feedback from participants that were interviewed is shown, with an overall positive feedback.

Conclusions

CIBD assesses both the diagnosis/presence of mood episodes (hypo/mania, and depressive) and symptoms’ psychosocial correlates. CIBD detects subtle changes caused by intervention adding a much needed recovery focused perspective.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Bipolar disorder, pregnancy, COVID-19: Electroconvulsive therapy is needed!
Authors: Guerra M.F. Tascon , Rodrigo M.V. López , Ovejero G. Manrique
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Treating pregnant women with bipolar disorder is among the most challenging clinical endeavors. Patients and clinicians are faced with difficult choices at every turn, and no approach is without risk. Many primary mood stabilizers have been associated with risk of congenital malformations. In the last 15 years, there has been an increase of antepartum use of atypical antipsychotic drugs, many of which could be viable alternatives to mood stabilizers. Electroconvulsive therapy has been recommended as a safe and efficacious treatment of bipolar depressive and manic episodes in pregnant women.

Objectives

This case presents a 24-year-old woman, with COVID-19 infection, that underwent an acute manic episode at her 20-weeks-pregnancy. The goal was to stabilize the patient by the use of electroconvulsive therapy.

Methods

The patient was admitted in isolation in the psychiatric ward. Treatment was started with olanzapine 20mg/d and lorazepam 4mg/d. The patient maintained psychotic agitation that required higher dosage, while on the second week of isolation the PCR test was negative. After six weeks of treatment severe manic symptoms continued and electroconvulsive therapy was started.

Results

She received 10 electroconvulsive therapy sessions. The patient showed a substantial clinical improvement after the seventh administration. She gave birth at 37 weeks, with no complications during labor (Apgar 9/10).

Conclusions

Electroconvulsive therapy has been shown as a suitable option for patients with severe psychiatric disorders in the pregnancy period, either medication resistant illness and psychotic agitation.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Depression and anxiety in hospitalized children with epilepsy during COVID-19 pandemic: Preliminary findings of a cross-sectional study
Authors: Correale C. , Tondo I. , Falamesca C. , Capitello T. Grimaldi , Vigevano F. , Specchio N. , Cappelletti S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Anxious-depressive disorders are common among children with epilepsy. A recent Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Scott et al., 2020) reported that the overall pooled prevalence of anxiety disorders is 18.9% while of depressive disorders is 13.5%. COVID-19 pandemic has centralized the attention of governors and careers on the health emergency. As a result, the trajectory of the psychological care needs of this at risk population may have been neglected.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence rate of depressive and anxiety symptoms among children with epilepsy during COVID-19 pandemic. Children were hospitalized in- and out-patients under a neurological and psychological follow up program in an Italian Children Hospital.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 38 hospitalized children and adolescents with epilepsy (21F; 17M, mean age: 14,5; range: 11-18) during COVID-19 pandemic. We performed face-to face interviews and assessed depressive and anxiety symptoms with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD-7) questionnaire during scheduled follow up checks.

Results

Preliminary results showed a rate of mild-to-severe anxious depressive symptoms by 49.9% and 60.5% respectively. In detail: 21.1% mild, 15.7% moderate and 13.1% of severe anxiety, meanwhile 23.7% mild, 26.3% moderate and 10.5% of severe depression. The prevalence of comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms was 39.5% among the entire sample.

Conclusions

Depressive and anxiety rates among hospitalized children with epilepsy during COVID-19 outbreak are very high. Pediatric services should deserve special attention to those patients’ mental health. Regular screening protocols and empowerment interventions in Hospital should be promoted.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.