bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of Carotid Artery Revascularization Coding in Ontario Health Administrative Databases
Authors: Hussain Mohamad A , Mamdani Muhammad , Saposnik Gustavo , Tu Jack V , Turkel-Parrella David , Spears Julian , Al-Omran Mohammed
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The positive predictive value (PPV) of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) procedure and post-operative complication coding were assessed in Ontario health administrative databases.

Methods: Between 1 April 2002 and 31 March 2014, a random sample of 428 patients were identified using Canadian Classification of Health Intervention (CCI) procedure codes and Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) billing codes from administrative data. A blinded chart review was conducted at two high-volume vascular centers to assess the level of agreement between the administrative records and the corresponding patients’ hospital charts. PPV was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the validity of CEA and CAS coding, utilizing hospital charts as the gold standard. Sensitivity of CEA and CAS coding were also assessed by linking two independent databases of 540 CEA-treated patients (Ontario Stroke Registry) and 140 CAS-treated patients (single-center CAS database) to administrative records.

Results: PPV for CEA ranged from 99% to 100% and sensitivity ranged from 81.5% to 89.6% using CCI and OHIP codes. A CCI code with a PPV of 87% (95% CI, 78.8-92.9) and sensitivity of 92.9% (95% CI, 87.4-96.1) in identifying CAS was also identified. PPV for post-admission complication diagnosis coding was 71.4% (95% CI, 53.7-85.4) for stroke/transient ischemic attack, and 82.4% (95% CI, 56.6-96.2) for myocardial infarction.

Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrated that the codes used in administrative databases accurately identify CEA and CAS-treated patients. Researchers can confidently use administrative data to conduct population-based studies of CEA and CAS.
Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Levels In Early Detection Of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy
Authors: Muratoglu Murat , Kavalci Cemil , Kilicli Elif , Findik Meliha , Kayipmaz Afşin Emre , Durukan Polat
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in the early detection of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN).

Methods: This prospective study enrolled 74 patients undergoing abdominal tomography with contrast (1 November 2014 - 28 February 2015). Demographic properties (age and sex), symptoms and CT examination results were analysed. Sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine and NGAL levels were measured at 0th, 6th, and 72nd hours. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: CIN developed in 16.2% of the study patients. The mean age was significantly higher in the patients who developed CIN (p0.05). Urea levels did not differ significantly between the groups at 0th and 6th hours (p>0.05) but was significantly higher in the patients with CIN at 72nd hour (p0.05). Creatinine level was not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05) but increased significantly over time (p>0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to NGAL levels at 0th and 72nd hours (p>0.05) whereas the group with CIN had a significantly higher NGAL level at 6th hour (p
Predictors of poor outcomes in First-Event Ischemic Stroke as assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Jia Xiao-Yan , Huang Ming , Zou Ya-Fen , Tang Jiang Wei , Chen Dan , Yang Gung-Ming , Lu Cheng-Hsien
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Stroke is the third most common cause of mortality worldwide and is a major cause of permanent disability. The purposed of the study was to better understand the risk factors for poor outcomes following ischemic stroke requiring treatment.

Methods: Three hundred seventy patients with first-event ischemic stroke were enrolled. Good outcomes was defined as a using the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score ≤3 without any cardiovascular event, while poor outcomes were any of the following end points: MRS >3 at 3 months, recurrent stroke or death. Prognostic variables for poor outcomes were analyzed based on a stepwise logistic regression model.

Results: Seventy-eight patients had poor outcomes (21%, 78/370), assessed at a minimum of six-month follow-up. Higher mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at presentation, presence of early neurologic deterioration (END) and higher mean high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were associated with poor outcomes at discharge. Furthermore, both NIHSS at presentation and the presence of END were associated with poor outcomes, assessed at a minimum of six-month follow-up.

Conclusion: A higher mean initial NIHSS score implies not only severe neurologic deficits but also an increased risk of poor outcomes. Since END following ischemic stroke is frequently associated with poor outcomes, more attention should be directed to providing adequate treatment to patients in the acute stage, especially for high risk patients.
Effect of metformin treatment during pregnancy on women with PCOS: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Xingrong , Li Shengbing , Chang Ying , Fang Chao , Liu Hua , Zhang Xingping , Wang Yi
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Some previous studies have found that continued metformin use is beneficial in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in pregnant women. A systemic review and meta-analysis were needed to more fully assess the effects of metformin on pregnant PCOS patients.

Methods: The literature was fully searched using MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and COCHRANE for continued metformin use during pregnancy in women with PCOS. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the comprehensive effects of continued metformin treatment on pregnancy-related outcomes in these women.

Results: Eleven eligible studies out of 127 relevant publications were included in meta-analysis. The rates of early pregnancy loss and preterm delivery were found to be significantly decreased in metformin-treated PCOS women. A non-significant difference was found in fetal abnormality and fetal birth weight between the metformin-treated and the non-treated groups. The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertension/preeclampsia were not significantly different in the two groups, probably because of inconsistent results in the subgroup analysis.

Conclusions: Our results showed that continued use during of metformin, during pregnancy in women with PCOS, had no effect on incidence of fetal abnormalities or fetal birth weight. The effects of metformin on GDM and hypertension/preeclampsia should be determined through high-quality randomized controlled trials.
The path ahead for MD/PhD programs in Canada
Commentary on Jones et al.
Authors: Rosenblum Norman D
Published: May 2017

The paper by Jones and colleagues, published in this edition of Clinical Investigative Medicine, contributes to our understanding of Canadian MD/PhD Programs. While there has been little published on this subject by the Canadian programs, themselves, this paper is the most recent in a series by leaders of the Clinical Investigator Trainee Association of Canada (CITAC). The authors are to be commended for their efforts and productivity.
Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 Level and Paraoxonase-1 Lactonase Activity in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: Their Impact on the Incidence of Native AV Fistula Thrombosis
Authors: Zohny Samir F. , El-Fattah Mahmoud Abd , Khan Jalaluddin A.
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Thrombosis of native arteriovenous (AV) fistula is an important cause of complications in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of measuring circulating fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) level and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) lactonase activity as potential predictors of native AV fistula thrombosis in chronic HD patients.

Methods: This study included 83 HD patients (48 with thrombosed and 35 with non-thrombosed native AV fistulas) and 38 healthy volunteers. Serum FGF-23 level was measured using the ELISA technique, while serum PON1 lactonase activity was measured spectrophotometrically using gamma-thiobutyrolactone as a substrate.

Results: FGF-23 was significantly increased while PON1 lactonase was markedly decreased in both thrombosed and non-thrombosed HD patients compared with controls (P < 0.001). FGF-23 was elevated whereas PON1 lactonase was decreased in HD patients with thrombosed native AV fistulas compared with HD patients with non-thrombosed native AV fistulas (P = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). A significant negative correlation was found between FGF-23 and PON1 lactonase in HD patients with thrombosed native AV fistulas (r = −0.342, P = 0.017).

Conclusions: This study shows a potential value of FGF-23 and PON1 lactonase as predictors of native AV fistula thrombosis in HD patients.
Low-pressure sequential compression of lower limbs enhances forearm skin blood flow
Authors: Amah Guy , Voicu Sebastian , Bonnin Philippe , Kubis Nathalie
Published: May 2017

Purpose: We investigated whether forearm skin blood flow could be improved when a multilayer pulsatile inflatable suit was applied at a low pressure to the lower limbs and abdomen. We hypothesized that a non-invasive purely mechanical stimulation of the lower limbs could induce remote forearm blood flow modifications.

Methods: The pulsatile suit induced a sequential compartmentalized low compression (65 mmHg), which was synchronized with each diastole of the cardiac cycle with each phase evolving centripetally (lower limbs to abdomen). Modifications of the forearm skin blood flow were continuously recorded by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) at baseline and during the pulsatile suit application. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilations of the forearm skin microcirculation were measured by LDF in response to a local transdermal iontophoretic application of acetylcholine (ACh-test) and to hyperthermia (hyperT- test).

Results: Twenty-four healthy volunteers, 12 men and 12 women (43±14 years) were included in the study. LDF responses increased 1) under pulsatile suit (97±106%, p
Structural Changes in the Cerebrum, Cerebellum and Corpus Callosum in Migraine Patients
Authors: Demir Berin T , Bayram Nezihe A , Ayturk Zübeyde , Erdamar Hüsamettin , Seven Pelin , Calp Ayşegül , Sazak Merve , Ceylan Hatice G
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the relationship among the cerebrum, cerebellum and corpus callosum in migraine patients.

Methods: This work was conducted with cooperation of the Turgut Özal Medical Faculty, Department of Anatomy and Neurology. Migraine patients were divided into four groups: new patients; 1-5 years; 5-10 years; and, more than 10 years. All patients (n=75) and control subjects (n=20) underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and brain images were processed by ONIS and Image J. Data were analyzed using the planimetric method.

Results: Cerebrum, cerebellum and corpus callosum volume were calculated for all subjects. The footprints of the callosum were as follows: healthy control subjects, new patients and 1-year patients: 12.8%, 5 years: 11.7% and more than 10 years: 10.7%. The cerebrum volume was as follows: healthy control subjects: 1152 cm3, 5-10 years: 1102 cm3 and more than 10 years: 1002 cm3.

Discussion: The results of our study showed atrophy in the cerebrum, cerebellum and corpus callosum of chronic migraine patients. This atrophy was greater in the patients with aura migraines.

Conclusion: Our study confirmed that a migraine is an episodic disease that seriously affects the CNS.
Lytic Activity of Various Phage Cocktails on Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Ozkan I , Akturk E , Yeshenkulov N , Atmaca S , Rahmanov N , Atabay H I
Published: May 2017

Purpose: A bacteriophage is a virus that infects and replicates within a bacterium following the injection of phage genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. They are seen as a possible therapy for multi-drug-resistant strains of many bacteria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the lytic activity of the Pyo, Intesti and Fersisi bacteriophage cocktails on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.

Methods: Ten different S. aureus and P. aeruginosa strains, which were isolated from hospitalized patients in Turkey, were used in the study. The identification and antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates were performed using Vitec 2 system. The identities of the isolates were confirmed by a species-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. Lytic activity of the bacteriophage cocktails on bacteria was determined by spot test and plaque assay methods.

Results: The lytic activity of the Pyo phage cocktail was evaluated on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains. It was found that eight isolates of MDR S. aureus were susceptible to Pyo phage cocktail and two isolates were resistant. Nine isolates of antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa were found to be susceptible to this phage cocktail and one isolate was resistant. Thus, the Pyo, Intesti and Fersisi cocktails are very effective in treating clinical strains of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and S. aureus isolated in Turkey.

Conclusion: The Pyo, Intesti and Fersisi cocktails may prove useful in the treatment of various infections caused by those bacteria.
Does Tinnitus Lead to Depression?
Authors: Temugan Esra , Yildirım Rabia B , Onat Hümeyra , Susuz Merve , Elden Cemre , Unsal Selim , Gumus Nebi Mustafa , Kaya Mesut
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between THI (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory) and BDS (Beck Depression Scale).

Materials and Methods: High frequency thresholds and PTA (Pure Tone Audiometer) thresholds for the patients were measured in 44 patients with tinnitus (bilateral=13; unilateral=31). Tinnitus frequency and intensity were measured using one-pair method with high frequency audiometer Interacoustic AC40. Applied BDS and THI scores are evaluated for all patients. Our findings are analysed statistically with SPSS v.21 and BDS and THI correlation with tinnitus intensity and frequency was executed.

Results: The mean value of tinnitus frequency was 10 kHz (min 0.25 kHz, max16 kHz and SD 4.26), mean tinnitus intensity was 50.6 dB (min 15 dB, max 110 dB and SD 26.9 dB) mean THI score was 38.04 (min 10, max 86 and SD 20.03) and mean BDS score was 9.45 (min 0, max 28 and SD 6.49). There was no statistical correlation between THI score and tinnitus frequency (r=0.055, p=0.787). Moderate correlation is obtained between tinnitus frequency and depression (r=0.6, p=0.001). There were weak correlations between tinnitus intensity and THI score and (r=0.3, p=0.09) and between tinnitus intensity and BDS score (r=0.28, p=0.13). Although a statistically significant difference was observed between THI scores of patients with bilateral and unilateral tinnitus (p0.05). High frequency thresholds and UCL scores of ears with tinnitus were not statistically different from ears with no tinnitus (p>0.05).

Conclusion: No correlation was seen between THI and tinnitus frequency, but a moderate correlation was seem between BDS score and tinnitus frequency. There were also weak correlations between tinnitus intensity and THI and BDS scores.
Investigation of MACC1 Gene Expression in Head and Neck Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Evran Ebru , Şahin Hilal , Akbaş Kübra , Çiğdem Sadik , Gündüz Esra
Published: May 2017

Purpose: By investigating the MACC1 gene (metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1) in cancer stem cells (CSC) resistant to chemotherapy and in cancer stem cells (CSC) resistant to chemotherapy and in cancer cells (CS) sensitive to chemotherapy we determineda steady expression in both types of cells in head and neck cancer. In conformity with the result we examined if this gene could be a competitor gene for chemotherapy. According to literature, the MACC1 gene shows a clear expression in head and neck cancer cells [1]. Here we examined MACC1 expression in CSC and investigated it as a possible biomarker.

Methods: Our experiments were performed in the UT -SCC -74 in primary head and neck cancer cell line. We examined the MACC -1 gene expression by Real Time PCR from both isolated CSC and CS.

Results: Expression of MACC -1 gene of cancer stem cells showed an two-fold increase compared with cancer cells. Based on the positive expression of MACC1 in both CS and CSC, this gene may serve as a potential biomarker in head and neck cancer. By comparing the results of this study with the novel features of MACC1, two important hypotheses could be examined. The first hypothesis is that MACC1 is a possible transcripton factor in colon cancer, which influences a high expression of CSC in head and neck and affects the expression of three biomarkers of the CSC control group biomarkers. The second hypothesisis is that the positive expression of MACC1 in patients with a malignant prognosis of tongue cancer, which belongs to head and neck cancer types, operates a faster development of CSC to cancer cells.
Examination of Insert Ear Interaural Attenuation (IA)Values in Audiological Evaluations
Authors: Gumus Nebi M , Gumus Merve , Unsal Selim , Yuksel Mustafa , Gunduz Mehmet
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate Interaural Attenuation (IA) in frequency base in the insert earphones that are used in audiological assessments.

Methods: Thirty healthy subjects between 18-65 years of age (14 female and 16 male) participated in our study. Otoscopic examination was performed on all participants. Audiological evaluations were performed using the Interacoustics AC40 clinical audiometer and ER-3A insert earphones. IA value was calculated by subtracting good ear bone conduction hearing thresholds of the worst airway hearing threshold.

Results: In our measuring for 0.125-8.0 kHz frequency were performed in our audiometry device separately for each frequency. IA amount in the results we found in 1000 Hz and below frequencies about 75-110 dB range avarage is 89±5dB, in above 1000 Hz frequencies in 50-95 dB range and avarage it is changed to 69±5dB.

Conclusion: According to the obtained findings the quantity of melting in the transition between the ears are increasing with the insert earphones. The insert earphone should be beside supraaural earphone that is routinely used in clinics. Difficult masking applications due to the increase in the value of IA can be easily done with insert earphones.
Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with mesh-hiatoplasty: Single center experience and early-term results
Authors: Kafadar Mehmet Tolga , Yalaza Metin , Türkan Ahmet , Sürgit Önder , Değirmencioğlu Gürkan , Nadir Işilay
Published: May 2017

Purpose: In this study we report early-term results of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with mesh hiatoplasty that we perform to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 68 patients who underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with mesh hiatoplasty at our clinic. Thirty-six (53%) patients were male and 32 (47%) were female. The mean age of the study population was 46.1 (25-72) years. All patients underwent endoscopy, esophagus pH metry and manometry before the operation. All operations were performed under general anesthesia using five ports. In addition to Nissen fundoplication, all patients also underwent polypropylene mesh placement.

Results: Preoperatively, all patients reported a burning sensation in the chest and regurgitation of the stomach contents up into the mouth. The mean time from symptom onset to operation was 28 (6-84) months. All patients were diagnosed with  esophagitis in the preoperative endoscopic examination. The mean operative time was 80 (40-125) minutes, the median duration of hospital stay was 1.2 (1-4) days and the median follow-up time was 12 (2-30) months. Functional outcome was excellent in 65% of patients, good in 24.5%, moderately good in 7% and poor in 3.5%.

Conclusion: Fundoplication with mesh hiatoplasty is a surgical procedure performed for the traetment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatal hernia. Surgery can be safely carried out with low morbidity and mortality rates and constitutes an alternative to long-term drug therapy. We believe that this operation is beneficial since it reduces the rate of recurrences to a significant degree.
Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on brain oxidative condition after cisplatin exposure
Authors: Aydin Duygu , Peker Emine G G , Karakurt Meryem D , Gurel Ayşe , Ayyildiz Mustafa , Cevher Şule C , Agar Erdal , Dane Senol
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on oxidative events of brain in cisplatin-administrated rats.

Methods: Rats were divided into four experimental groups: 1) control (n=6); 2) cisplatin (8 mg/kg, intraperitoneally one dose, n=6); 3) EGb 761 (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 15 days, n=6); and 4) cisplatin + EGb 761 (n=6). After drug administration, rats were sacrificed and brain tissues were removed. Nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated in brain tissues.

Results: Single dose cisplatin administration significantly increased NO and GSH levels, but decreased MDA levels in brain tissue samples. EGb 761 treatment reversed the effects of cisplatin on NO and GSH levels, but did not affect the decreased MDA levels.

Conclusion: Results of the study indicate that oxidative stress can be an important pathogenetic mechanism of cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. EGb 761, an standardized extract of G. biloba leaves that has antioxidant properties, may improve the oxidative stress-related neurological side effects of cisplatin.
Right-sided lateralization of skin temperature in healthy young persons
Authors: Demirel Havva , Bahar Arzu , Gokgoz Nurcan , Arslan Muzeyyen , Dane Senol
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Previous studies reported a peripheral immune asymmetry and lateralization of different paired organ cancers. Because of the close relationship of immune system with body temperature, the aim of the study was to test the possible lateralization of skin temperature.

Materials and Methods: Four hundred sixty three healthy subjects (325 women, 138 men) with an average age of 23.62 years (SD = 8.65) participated in this study. All skin temperature measurements were done 8:00-9:00 a.m. Skin temperature was assessed for three different points in skin: axillary, thumb and external auditory.

Results: Skin temperature was statistically significantly higher on the right side of the body than on the left side, when measured by axillary and thumb temperatures. But there was no statistically significant difference in external auditory temperature.

Conclusion: The asymmetry of skin temperature may result from the peripheral immune asymmetry or the asymmetric lymph node distribution.
Healthcare Workers at Dialysis Centers and Students Studying in Dialysis Departments: Behavioural Assessment
Authors: Bayer Nukhet , Sivri Birsen Bilgen , Arslan Muzeyyen
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the behaviours of students studying dialysis and health personnel working at dialysis centers and the influencing factors.

Methods: Students studying dialysis department at Turgut Özal University (n=70) and healthcare personnel working at eight Dialysis Centers located in the center of Ankara (n=83) were recruited. Data was collected from personal information forms and Healthy Life Style Behaviours (HLSB)-II scale. Data were analysed Student’s t test, Man Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis Test and Pearson correlation analysis; p
Autonomic Cardiac Activity in Patients with Smoking and Alcohol Addiction by Heart Rate Variability Analysis
Authors: Yuksel Ramazan , Yuksel Rabia Nazik , Sengezer Tijen , Dane Senol
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Smoking and alcohol addictions are common and worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of these addictions on cardiac rhythm using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis.

Methods: Addicts (n=42 men: 22 cigarette; 20 cigarette and alcohol) and age-matched controls (n=34 men) were included in the study. All patients fulfill the criteria for dependence according to DSM-IV-TR. Electrocardiography (ECG) recordings were obtained for a total of 30 minutes. Fagerstrom Nicotine Addiction Test (FNAT) and CAGE questionnaire (Cut down, Annoy, Guilt, Eye opener) was applied to all patients.

Results: Almost all HRV parameters were significantly decreased in cigarette and cigarette and alcohol addicts compared with controls (p
Galectin-3: A biochemical marker to detect paroxysmal atrial fibrillation?
Authors: Selcoki Yusuf , Aydin H İbrahim , Celik Tugrul H , Isleyen Ahmet , Erayman Ali , Demircelik M Bora , Demirin Hilmi , Kosus Aydin , Eryonucu Beyhan
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of arrhythmia. AF leads to electrical remodelling and fibrosis of the atria; however, the mechanism(s) remain poorly understood. Galectin-3 is a potential mediator of cardiac fibrosis. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between serum galectin-3 levels and paroxysmal AF.

Methods: Forty-six patients with paroxysmal AF and preserved left ventricular systolic function, and 38 age- and gender-matched control subjects, were involved in the study. Serum galectin-3 levels were analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: Serum galectin-3 levels (median 1.38 ng/mL; 1.21 ng/mL-1.87 ng/mL; p< 0.001) were significantly elevated in patients with paroxysmal AF compared with the control. Left atrial diameter was significantly higher in patients with paroxysmal AF (41.2±3.0 mm vs. 39.6±3.3 mm). Left atrial diameter was found to be significantly correlated with serum galectin-3 levels in patients with paroxysmal AF (r= 0.378, p= 0.001).

Conclusion: Serum galectin-3 levels are significantly elevated and significantly correlated with left atrial diameter in patients with paroxysmal AF.
Prognostic role of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA load for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Ting-bo , Zheng Zhi-hong , Pan Jie , Pan Li-li , Chen Li-hong
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Predicting prognosis and treatment outcomes for patients with for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been difficult due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease This study aimed to evaluate pretreatment copy number of plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA as an outcome marker for survival in NPC.

Methods: MEDLINE, CENTRAL and Embase databases were searched until April 7, 2015. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, two-arm prospective studies, or retrospective studies in patients with newly diagnosed NPC. The primary outcome was overall survival and secondary outcomes were progression-free, relapse-free, disease-free and distant metastasis-free survival. Sensitivity, quality and publication bias assessments were performed.

Results: Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 7698 patients. For overall survival, pooled HR was 3.005 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.245–4.022; P < 0.001), indicating that higher levels of EBV DNA were associated with a greater risk of death. Pooled estimates for relapse-free, disease-free, progression-free and distant metastasis-free survival indicated that higher levels of EBV DNA were associated with an increased risk of relapse, disease recurrence, disease progression and distant metastasis in comparison with lower levels of EBV DNA (P values < 0.001).

Conclusion: This meta-analysis found that high EBV DNA levels indicate poor prognosis and reduced long-term survival in patients with newly diagnosed NPC; hence, EBV DNA levels are highly prognostic of survival in patients with NPC. None of the included studies used the WHO standard for EBV DNA measurement, indicating a greater need for harmonization in future studies.
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate nephrosis through repair of impaired podocytes
Authors: Chen Yi , Chen Jun , Wan Jianxin , Gao Na , Cui Jiong , You Danyu , Zou Zhenhuan
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) on podocytes of puromycin amino nuclear glucoside (PAN) -induced nephrosis in mice.

Methods: Mice were randomly divided into Control, PAN and BMSC groups. Mice were injected with PAN (0.5 mg/g weight) via the tail vein. The 24-h urinary protein was obtained after modelling, and urinary protein excretion was determined. The blood and kidney specimens were isolated after the tenth day of modelling. Blood samples were collected for measuring serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). A sample of kidney was taken for observing pathological changes through hematoxylin-eosin staining and electron microscopy, and the rest of the kidney was used for detecting the protein and mRNA expression of nephrin, CD2AP, synaptopodin, TRPC6 by real-time quantitative PCR, Western-blot and immunohistochemistry.

Results: After PAN injection, podocyte foot process fusion was detected by electron microscopy, and the 24 h urinary protein excretion increased compared with control mice on days 3, 7 and 10 post-PAN injection (P
Circulating cathelicidin LL-37 in adult patients with pulmonary infectious diseases
Authors: Majewski Karol , Żelechowska Paulina , Brzezińska-Błaszczyk Ewa
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin LL-37 plays a role in the immune response in the course of lung infections; however, the exact role of LL-37 in defense mechanisms against bacteria within the respiratory tract is has not been precisely described. The aim of our study was to evaluate LL-37 concentrations in the serum of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients, patients with pneumonia caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and to compare them with those of healthy subjects.

Methods: Thirty TB patients, 30 patients with pneumonia caused by Gram-positive bacteria, 30 patients with pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacteria, and 30 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Serum LL-37 concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: The mean (± SEM) LL-37 concentration in patients with TB (13.94±5.13 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that in patients with Gram-positive bacteria-induced pneumonia (7.87±4.58 ng/mL, P=0.00077), in patients with Gram-negative bacteria-induced pneumonia (10.27±3.60 ng/mL, P=0.00730), and in control healthy subjects (1.75±0.71 ng/mL, P=0.00004).

Conclusion: Our data suggest that cathelicidin LL-37 is an important element of host defense in the course of bacterial diseases within the respiratory tract, particularly when the infection is caused by an intracellular pathogen.
The prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis
Authors: Shen Hongliang , Liu Qingjun , Li Mingyi , Yang Peiqian
Published: May 2017

Objective: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serum level or tumor expression may be prognostic in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the prognostic value of serum VEGF level and tumor expression in patients with RCC.

Methods: PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched until September 26, 2016. Prospective and retrospective studies of RCC patients that had VEGF levels measured were included. Outcome measures were overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results: A total of 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In patients with RCC, elevated serum VEGF level was not associated with OS (pooled hazard ratio [HR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52 to 2.60; p = 0.716), but was associated with poor DSS (pooled HR = 4.22; 95% CI: 2.02 to 8.79; p < 0.001) and PFS (pooled HR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.85; p < 0.001). Removal of one study, however, resulted in elevated serum level being associated with poorer OS. Tumor VEGF expression was not associated with OS (pooled HR = 1.48; 95% CI: 0.74 to 2.95; p = 0.263), but was associated with worse DSS (pooled HR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.71; p = 0.003).

Conclusion: In patients with RCC, elevated serum VEGF level is associated with worse OS, DSS, and PFS, while tumor expression is only associated with worse DSS. The number of studies, however, was limited and the results should be interpreted with caution.
Prognostic value of ADAMTS13 in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock
Authors: Azfar M Feroz , Khan M Faisal , Habib S Shahid , Aseri Z Al , Zubaidi A Mohammad , Aguila D Ocampo , Suriya M Owais , Ullah Hameed
Published: May 2017

Purpose: ADAMTS13 level was evaluated as a predictor of mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, and compared with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Units of King Khalid University Hospital. Detailed clinical evaluations were performed on 84 patients (56.08±18.18 years of age) with severe sepsis and septic shock. ADAMTS13 levels were determined (three blood samples at 24 hours intervals) and APACHE II scores, hematological profiles, indices of organ hypo-perfusion, renal functions and coagulation profiles were recorded. Primary outcome was 30 days ICU mortality and secondary outcomes were its comparison with APACHE II score, length of ICU stay and use of vasopressor agents.

Results: Hypertension (53.6%) and diabetic mellitus (45.2%) were the commonest comorbidities. The median ADAMTS13 levels were 336.65, 339.35 and 313.9, respectively. ROC analysis showed maximum area under the curve for second ADAMTS13 (AUC=0.760) compared with first (AUC=0.660) and third samples (AUC=0.707) and APACHE II scores (AUC=0.662). Patients were divided into low and high ADAMTS13 groups according to the best cut-off point. Mortality was high in the low ADAMTS13 level group [OR=4.5]and was significantly associated with age, DBP, ADAMTS13, APACHE II score, DIC score and platelet count. ADAMTS13 (OR=5.3), APACHE II (OR=4.13) and DIC scores (OR=7.32) were significant risk factors for mortality.

Conclusions: Low ADAMTS13 was associated with increased mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock and was comparable to APACHE II scores for predicting mortality.
Effect of cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy on survival in patients with bladder cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Gang , Niu Hui-min , Wu Hong-tao , Lei Bao-yu , Wang Xiao-hua , Guo Xiao-bo , Feng Shu-lin
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been shown to improve survival in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who underwent radical cystectomy as compared with patients who underwent surgery alone. It has also been suggested as current standard of care in surgically-fit patients with MIBC. This meta-analysis assessed the effect of cisplatin-based NAC on survival in patients with bladder cancer.

Source: PubMed, CENTRAL, and Embase were searched until November 22, 2016. Two-arm randomized controlled trials that compared cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus local treatment versus the same local treatment without neoadjuvant chemotherapy were selected. Patients with histologically-confirmed bladder cancer (adenocarcinoma, transitional, or squamous-cell carcinoma) were included. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS).

Principal findings: Of the 292 articles initially identified, 14 were included in the final analysis. Patients in the NAC group had similar OS as the local treatment (i.e., radiation therapy or cystectomy) group (pooled hazard ratio [HR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84 to 1.00, P=0.056). No difference in progress-free survival between two groups was observed (P=0.725). Subgroup analysis showed that OS was similar in patients treated with NAC plus radiotherapy or cystectomy compared with patients who received local treatment alone.

Conclusions: Platinum-based NAC was associated with similar survival benefit as patients undergoing cystectomy and/or radiotherapy. No conclusion can be drawn about the optimal platinum-based combination to be used in the neoadjuvant setting.
Strategi Peningkatan Kinerja Penyuluh Pertanian dalam Pengembangan Agribisnis di Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Joyo Widakdo Danang Sudarso Widya Prakoso
Published: May 2017

Agribusiness development in Banyuwangi growing supported by the agricultural extension. The role of agricultural extension is needed by communities and farmers. Therefore, strategies are needed to improve its performance, especially with the implementation of the difference between the central government and local governments (regional autonomy). Research related to strategies for improving the performance of agricultural extension workers, especially in Banyuwangi has been done by first analyzing the factors that affect the performance of the extension, which is then analyzed more in depth with the IE method, SWOT and QSPM and eventually obtained agricultural extension strategies for improving performance. The results showed that the strength factor is the suitability of a high enough salary, weakness factor is the lack of monitoring of the performance of agricultural extension, chances are the interest factor be enough agricultural extension, the threat factor is the lack of agricultural extension PNS. Strategic priorities for performance improvement of agricultural extension is the need to evaluate the performance of agricultural extension monitoring periodically, the second priority is additional quota admission counselor civil servants, the third priority the strengthening of IT, the fourth priority intensification of agricultural extension training programs to improve the performance of the performance competencies of agricultural extension, the fifth priority the improvement of cooperation among government agencies to integrate all of the work program for the right target, and the sixth priority poktan role to participate in the establishment of monitoring the performance of agricultural extension. While the managerial implications in the development of agribusiness, there are three themes, namely human resource development extension agent, performance evaluation, and monitoring the performance of agricultural extension.

Keywords: The performance of the agricultural instructor, Banyuwangi agribusiness development, strategic priorities,managerial, implication
Kinerja Penyuluh Pertanian di Kabupaten Pidie Provinsi Aceh dalam Melaksanakan Tugas dan Fungsi
Authors: Mujiburrahmad Mujiburrahmad , Muljono Pudji , Sadono Dwi
Published: May 2017

Various programs and the results achieved must not be separated from the role of agricultural extension in carrying out their duties and responsibilities in fostering farmer. The purpose of the study to identify the level of performance of agricultural extension in Pidie District in carrying out their duties, and to analyze the factors associated with the performance of agricultural extension. The method used in data collection is the census. The number of respondents in this study were as many as 47 people. The data collection was carried out from February 2014 to April 2014, using questionnaires, interviews, observation and study of literature. The data obtained were tabulated and then analyzed using Spearman Rank. The results showed that the level of performance of agricultural extension in Pidie District in general is still relatively low. Spearman rank correlation results showed: (1) factors related to the internal characteristics of the performance of extension are: length of service and number of target groups (2) factors related to the external characteristics of the performance of extension are: administrative support and working conditions, and (3) Factors competence extension tasks related to the performance of agricultural extension are: the application of adult learning principles, communication skills and ability to cooperate.

Keywords: agricultural extension, performance, characteristics, competencies.
Tingkat Kinerja Penyuluh Pertanian di Kabupaten Konawe Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Syafruddin Syafruddin , Hariadi Sunarru Samsi , Wastutiningsih Sri Peni
Published: May 2017

This study aims to provide information on the level of performance of agricultural extension Konawe Southeast Sulawesi and the factors that influence. The unit of analysis This study is of agricultural extension, taken/withdrawn in census namely throughout civil servants of agriculture extension worker of the research sites (130 people), while of the objectivity to assess the performance of agricultural extension also taken two farmers who are in the target area so that the number of agricultural extension farmers is 260 people. Data of results in research the analysis use the proportion test, with the provision that the largely the performance level of agricultural extension (> 50 %) in the category which low. Based on the results obtained by the analysis of the proportion test of Z count value as big as -7,89 is smaller than the Z table at 5% confidence level is equal to 1.960, then the research hypothesis which states that most of the agricultural extension worker number (> 50 %) have in low performance level is rejected, because the reality shows that the level of performance of agricultural extension who are being.

Keywords: Performance, level, agricultural, extension
Perbedaan Tahapan Pembelajaran Sekolah Lapang Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu Padi Sawah antar Komunitas Petani di Lampung
Authors: Slameto Slameto , Haryadi F. Trisakti , Subejo Subejo
Published: May 2017

Enhancement of paddies production in Lampung done with implementation of agriculture technology innovation. The effort done with farmer field school of integrated crops management (FFS-ICM) of paddies. The learning of field school occured on various ethnic community of rice farmers. The effectivity of learning process can be occured with impersonation by the stages of attention, retention, behavior production process and motivation. The purpose of this study to analyze the difference effectiveness of learning farmer field school for farmers from ethnic Lampung, Java and Bali. The research methods with survey on rice farmers FFS-ICM of paddies participant. The sample total 286 farmers.The research located in Lampung. The research carried out Juni-September 2013. The data analysis done with the difference variance. The result indicate that only the motivate stages of process learning FFS-ICM between Bali-Java ethnic shows that the obvious difference.That implications need a preparation of learning material which capable to increase farmers motivation, need an improvement empowerment of farmers group, empowering figure roles and farmer society figures.

Keywords: stages of learning, farmer field school, paddies, Lampung-Bali-Java ethnic
Tingkat Kinerja Penyuluh Pertanian di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) Selatan
Authors: Hernanda Tiara Aprilia , Fatchiya Anna , Sarma Ma'mun
Published: May 2017

The existence of professional agri-extension worker is main extension’s issue to move it effectively and efficiently. Professionalism related with agri-extension worker’s performance. The existing main problem is agri-extension worker’s performance in Indonesia is quite low. It is because of agri-extension worker has low individual quality, include in some district in South Sumatera. Therefore, the objectives of this study is to measure the performance of agri-extension worker. The research used a survey method with quantitative and qualitative approach. It conducted in South Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) District, South Sumatera Province, with census method to sampling. The respondents of the study were 65 of agri-extension workers. The scoring method used the measurement indicators from The Regulation of Minister of Agriculture Number. 91/Permentan/OT.140/9/2013. Overall performance of agricultural extension agents in South OKU District is in well category. It is supported by the worker's ability to prepare and implement extension’s activities. However, there are shortcomings in terms of extension’s evaluation had been done. Thus, it is required a continuous evaluation.

Keywords: extension performance, extension, extension worker
Kapasitas Petani Kakao Bekas Penambang Batu Bara di Kota Sawahlunto
Authors: Asta Delki Utama , Hubeis Aida Vitayala S , Fatchiya Anna
Published: May 2017

The study aims to: (1) analyze the capacity of cocoa farmers ex-coalmining in Sawahlunto and (2) analyze factors that corrrelated with the capacity of cocoa farmers ex-coalmining in Sawahlunto. This research used survey method and was conducted in Sawahlunto City, West Sumatera on Desember 2014-February 2015. Numbers of sample this research are 70 respondents and used descriptive and correlational rank Spearman analysis. The results of this research showed that: (1) capacity of cocoa farmers ex-coalmining in production, marketing, farming management, problem solving and enviromental adaptation process was low, and (2) low capacity of cocoa farmer ex-coalmining in Sawahlunto correlated with formal education of farmers that only until elementary school, farming experience of farmers is still limited so their knowledge and skill to farm is low , extension support to give information for farmer is not maximal, the role of farmer groups to help farmers seeking farming information is still low and local goverment support to facilitating the needs of farmers is not optimal.
Keywords: capacity, coalmining, cocoa farmer, extension support
Pengelolaan Kelembagaan Lelang Lebak Lebung dan Perilaku Nelayan di Kabupaten Muara Enim Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Yanti Enik Afri , Satria Arif , Sugihen Basita Ginting
Published: May 2017

The study aims to (1) Analyzing attitude of the fishermen towards management system in Lebak Lebung (knowladge, behaviour, and manner), (2) to describing auction system of Lebak Lebung, (3) and to analyze the external and internal characteristic between the institutional and the fishermen towards open waters managed in Lebak Lebung. The study was conducted using survay methods thourgh decriptive analysis and corellation methode which the samples of this study are 100 fishermen in Muara Enim –Sub distict-. The result showed that (1) Lebak Lebung is the open water district which consist of river area and land that forms marshes (lebak) and low land that watery (lebung). Lebak Lebung will be a fishes breeding in ebb season, and in the flow season Lebak Lebung used by villager to catch fishes. The ownership of fish resources in Lebak Lebung will be given to Pegemin auction as a winner of area Lebak Lebung thourgh aution system. The aims of Lebak Lebung-auction is to obtain the income areas, and conservation of Lebuk Lebung, and avoid the confilcts between fishermen.(2) the highly behaviour : knowladge, behaviour, and manner of fihermen in Lubuk Lebung auctions management. (3) Internal characteristic, Lebak lebung institutional and external characteristics that relating to the behavior of fishermen is the level of education, the number of dependents experience of fishermen effort, income of the fishermen, rule, punishment, the performance of fishermen group, the government policy.
Keywords: auction, fishermen custom, institutional, Lebak Lebung