bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of DNA (de)Methylation Positively Impacts Seed Germination during Seed Development under Heat Stress
Authors: Malabarba Jaiana , Windels David , Xu Wenjia , Verdier Jerome
Published: March 2021

Seed development needs the coordination of multiple molecular mechanisms to promote correct tissue development, seed filling, and the acquisition of germination capacity, desiccation tolerance, longevity, and dormancy. Heat stress can negatively impact these processes and upon the increase of global mean temperatures, global food security is threatened. Here, we explored the impact of heat stress on seed physiology, morphology, gene expression, and methylation on three stages of seed development. Notably, Arabidopsis Col-0 plants under heat stress presented a decrease in germination capacity as well as a decrease in longevity. We observed that upon mild stress, gene expression and DNA methylation were moderately affected. Nevertheless, upon severe heat stress during seed development, gene expression was intensively modified, promoting heat stress response mechanisms including the activation of the ABA pathway. By analyzing candidate epigenetic markers using the mutants’ physiological assays, we observed that the lack of DNA demethylation by the ROS1 gene impaired seed germination by affecting germination-related gene expression. On the other hand, we also observed that upon severe stress, a large proportion of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were located in the promoters and gene sequences of germination-related genes. To conclude, our results indicate that DNA (de)methylation could be a key regulatory process to ensure proper seed germination of seeds produced under heat stress.
Blood Pressure Awareness and Knowledge of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in South Korean Women with Hypertension
Authors: Jeong Yeo Won
Published: March 2021

(1) Background: It is essential to increase the awareness of cardiovascular diseases’ symptoms and reduce treatment delays among women with hypertension (HTN). This study aimed to assess the knowledge of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases’ warning signs (KCVDs), according to awareness of their blood pressure levels (AoBP), and identify the factors associated with KCVDs and AoBP in women with HTN. (2) Methods: This study used the data from the Korea Community Health Survey of 2018. A total of 29,832 women with HTN were included in the final analysis. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, KCVDs, and AoBP were identified. A negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with KCVDs. (3) Results: Of the participants, 42.9% were not aware of their blood pressure level, and 9.1% did not have any knowledge of KCVD symptoms. Factors associated with KCVDs were AoBP (odds ratio (OR) = 1.121, p < 0.001), middle age (OR = 1.012, p = 0.008), employment (OR = 1.034, p < 0.017), and being married and living with a spouse (OR = 1.068, p < 0.001). Lower levels of education (OR = 0.931, p < 0.001) and regular walking (OR = 0.964, p = 0.015) were also associated with KCVDs. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and subjective health status were associated with increased AoBP. (4) Conclusions: AoBP was positively associated with KCVDs. It is necessary to include AoBP in public campaigns and regular policy support to improve KCVDs. In addition, findings in this study can serve as basic data for developing socio-cultural interventions, aimed at mitigating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, by improving levels of KCVDs.
Grafting Improves Fruit Yield of Cucumber Plants Grown under Combined Heat and Soil Salinity Stresses
Authors: Bayoumi Yousry , Abd-Alkarim Emad , El-Ramady Hassan , El-Aidy Farouk , Hamed El-Samahy , Taha Naglaa , Prohens Jaime , Rakha Mohamed
Published: March 2021

Improving the productivity of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants subjected to combined salinity and heat stresses is a significant challenge, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Gianco F1 cucumbers were grafted onto five cucurbit rootstocks and, together with an ungrafted control, were grown in Egypt in a net house with saline soil during the summer season over two years. The vegetative growth, yield, quality, biochemical, and mineral composition traits were measured. Although many differences were observed among treatments, in general, the grafted plants had a performance better than or similar to that of the ungrafted plants, based on the different parameters measured. In particular, the cucumber plants grafted onto the Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata interspecific hybrid rootstocks VSS-61 F1 and Ferro had the highest early and total marketable yields. These two rootstocks consistently conferred higher vigor to the scion, which had lower flower abortion rates and higher chlorophyll contents. The fruit quality and N, P, and K composition in the leaves suffered few relevant changes as compared with the control. However, the leaves of the VSS-61 F1 had higher catalase activity, as well as proline and Se contents, while those of Ferro had higher Si content. This study reveals that the grafting of cucumber plants onto suitable rootstocks may mitigate the adverse effects caused by the combination of saline soil and heat stresses. This represents a significant improvement for cucumber cultivation in saline soil under high-temperature stress conditions in arid regions.
A Non-Toxic Concentration of Telomerase Inhibitor BIBR1532 Fails to Reduce TERT Expression in a Feeder-Free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Model of Human Motor Neurogenesis
Authors: Pandya Virenkumar A. , Crerar Hamish , Mitchell Jamie S. , Patani Rickie
Published: March 2021

Several studies have shown that human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derivatives are essentially fetal in terms of their maturational status. Inducing ageing in iPSC-motor neuron (MN) models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has the potential to capture pathology with higher fidelity and consequently improve translational success. We show here that the telomerase inhibitor BIBR1532, hypothesised to recapitulate the telomere attrition hallmark of ageing in iPSC-MNs, was in fact cytotoxic to feeder-free iPSCs when used at doses previously shown to be effective in iPSCs grown on a layer of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Toxicity in feeder-free cultures was not rescued by co-treatment with Rho Kinase (ROCK) inhibitor (Y-27632). Moreover, the highest concentration of BIBR1532 compatible with continued iPSC culture proved insufficient to induce detectable telomerase inhibition. Our data suggest that direct toxicity by BIBR1532 is the most likely cause of iPSC death observed, and that culture methods may influence enhanced toxicity. Therefore, recapitulation of ageing hallmarks in iPSC-MNs, which might reveal novel and relevant human disease targets in ALS, is not achievable in feeder-free culture through the use of this small molecule telomerase inhibitor.
Structure and Function of Ion Channels Regulating Sperm Motility—An Overview
Authors: Nowicka-Bauer Karolina , Szymczak-Cendlak Monika
Published: March 2021

Sperm motility is linked to the activation of signaling pathways that trigger movement. These pathways are mainly dependent on Ca2+, which acts as a secondary messenger. The maintenance of adequate Ca2+ concentrations is possible thanks to proper concentrations of other ions, such as K+ and Na+, among others, that modulate plasma membrane potential and the intracellular pH. Like in every cell, ion homeostasis in spermatozoa is ensured by a vast spectrum of ion channels supported by the work of ion pumps and transporters. To achieve success in fertilization, sperm ion channels have to be sensitive to various external and internal factors. This sensitivity is provided by specific channel structures. In addition, novel sperm-specific channels or isoforms have been found with compositions that increase the chance of fertilization. Notably, the most significant sperm ion channel is the cation channel of sperm (CatSper), which is a sperm-specific Ca2+ channel required for the hyperactivation of sperm motility. The role of other ion channels in the spermatozoa, such as voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), Ca2+-activated Cl-channels (CaCCs), SLO K+ channels or voltage-gated H+ channels (VGHCs), is to ensure the activation and modulation of CatSper. As the activation of sperm motility differs among metazoa, different ion channels may participate; however, knowledge regarding these channels is still scarce. In the present review, the roles and structures of the most important known ion channels are described in regard to regulation of sperm motility in animals.
Cardiac Protective Effect of Kirenol against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in H9c2 Cells through Nrf2 Signaling via PI3K/AKT Pathways
Authors: Alzahrani Abdullah M. , Rajendran Peramaiyan , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Hanieh Hamza
Published: March 2021

Kirenol (KRL) is a biologically active substance extracted from Herba Siegesbeckiae. This natural type of diterpenoid has been widely adopted for its important anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic properties. Despite several studies claiming the benefits of KRL, its cardiac effects have not yet been clarified. Cardiotoxicity remains a key concern associated with the long-term administration of doxorubicin (DOX). The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes oxidative stress, significantly contributing to DOX-induced cardiac damage. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the cardio-protective effects of KRL against apoptosis in H9c2 cells induced by DOX. The analysis of cellular apoptosis was performed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining assay and measuring the modulation in the expression levels of proteins involved in apoptosis and Nrf2 signaling, the oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, Western blotting was used to determine cell survival. KRL treatment, with Nrf2 upregulation and activation, accompanied by activation of PI3K/AKT, could prevent the administration of DOX to induce cardiac oxidative stress, remodeling, and other effects. Additionally, the diterpenoid enhanced the activation of Bcl2 and Bcl-xL, while suppressing apoptosis marker proteins. As a result, KRL is considered a potential agent against hypertrophy resulting from cardiac deterioration. The study results show that KRL not only activates the IGF-IR-dependent p-PI3K/p-AKT and Nrf2 signaling pathway, but also suppresses caspase-dependent apoptosis.
New Insights into the Mammalian Egg Zona Pellucida
Authors: Moros-Nicolás Carla , Chevret Pascale , Jiménez-Movilla María , Algarra Blanca , Cots-Rodríguez Paula , González-Brusi Leopoldo , Avilés Manuel , Izquierdo-Rico Mª José
Published: March 2021

Mammalian oocytes are surrounded by an extracellular coat called the zona pellucida (ZP), which, from an evolutionary point of view, is the most ancient of the coats that envelope vertebrate oocytes and conceptuses. This matrix separates the oocyte from cumulus cells and is responsible for species-specific recognition between gametes, preventing polyspermy and protecting the preimplantation embryo. The ZP is a dynamic structure that shows different properties before and after fertilization. Until very recently, mammalian ZP was believed to be composed of only three glycoproteins, ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3, as first described in mouse. However, studies have revealed that this composition is not necessarily applicable to other mammals. Such differences can be explained by an analysis of the molecular evolution of the ZP gene family, during which ZP genes have suffered pseudogenization and duplication events that have resulted in differing models of ZP protein composition. The many discoveries made in recent years related to ZP composition and evolution suggest that a compilation would be useful. Moreover, this review analyses ZP biosynthesis, the role of each ZP protein in different mammalian species and how these proteins may interact among themselves and with other proteins present in the oviductal lumen.
Foresight of Tourism in Kazakhstan: Experience Economy
Authors: Kenzhebekov Nurzhan , Zhailauov Yerlan , Velinov Emil , Petrenko Yelena , Denisov Igor
Published: March 2021

The paper sheds a light on the interconnections between touristic sector development and regional development in Kazakhstan. The paper covers analysis of the current competitiveness of the touristic destinations in Kazakhstan. Based on qualitative and quantitative research, the study shows that there is a huge need for a transformation in marketing communications tools in order to increase the competitiveness and image of Kazakhstani tourism. The study provides potential scenarios and solutions to increase touristic attractiveness, which would lead to enticing more investors and increase tourism capacity and potential. Also, the paper provides insights in ecotourism and the regional economy by outlining the older and newer managerial and governmental approaches in supporting the entire tourism sector in Kazakhstan.
Disagreement between Cardiac Troponin Tests Yielding a Higher Incidence of Myocardial Injury in the Emergency Setting
Authors: Kavsak Peter A. , Mondoux Shawn E. , Martin Janet , Hewitt Mark K. , Clark Lorna , Caruso Nadia , Mark Ching-Tong , Chetty V. Tony , Ainsworth Craig , Worster Andrew
Published: March 2021

Differences in patient classification of myocardial injury between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays have largely been attributed to assay design and analytical sensitivity aspects. Our objective was to compare Ortho Clinical Diagnostics’ (OCD) hs-cTnI assay to OCD’s contemporary/conventional assay (cTnI ES) and another hs-cTnI assay (Abbott hs-cTnI) in samples obtained from different emergency departments (EDs). Two different sample types were evaluated (lithium heparin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma) in a non-selected ED population (study 1, n = 469 samples) and in patients for which ED physicians ordered cardiac troponin testing (study 2, n = 1147 samples), from five different EDs. The incidence of injury in study 1 was higher with the OCD hs-cTnI assay (30.9%; 95% CI: 26.9 to 35.2) compared to that of the Abbott hs-cTnI (17.3%; 95% CI: 14.1 to 21.0) and the OCD cTnI ES (15.4%; 95% CI: 12.4 to 18.9) assays, with repeat testing identifying 4.8% (95% CI: 3.0 to 7.5) of the OCD hs-cTnI results with poor reproducibility. In study 2, 4.6% (95% CI: 3.5 to 6.0) of the results were not reported for the OCD hs-cTnI assay (i.e., poor reproducibility) with 12.7% (95%CI: 8.7 to 17.8) of the OCD hs-cTnI results positive for injury being negative for injury with the Abbott hs-cTnI assay. In summary, the OCD hs-cTnI assay yields higher rates of biochemical injury with a higher rate of poor reproducible results in different ED populations.
Effect of Graphene Oxide as a Reinforcement in a Bio-Epoxy Composite
Authors: Loeffen Anthony , Cree Duncan E. , Sabzevari Mina , Wilson Lee D.
Published: March 2021

Graphene oxide (GO) has gained interest within the materials research community. The presence of functional groups on GO offers exceptional bonding capabilities and improved performance in lightweight polymer composites. A literature review on the tensile and flexural mechanical properties of synthetic epoxy/GO composites was conducted that showed differences from one study to another, which may be attributed to the oxidation level of the prepared GO. Herein, GO was synthesized from oxidation of graphite flakes using the modified Hummers method, while bio-epoxy/GO composites (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.6 wt.% GO) were prepared using a solution mixing route. The GO was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. The thermal properties of composites were assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). FTIR results confirmed oxidation of graphite was successful. SEM showed differences in fractured surfaces, which implies that GO modified the bio-epoxy polymer to some extent. Addition of 0.3 wt.% GO filler was determined to be an optimum amount as it enhanced the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus by 23, 35, 17 and 31%, respectively, compared to pure bio-epoxy. Improvements in strength were achieved with considerably lower loadings than traditional fillers. Compared to the bio-epoxy, the 0.6 wt.% GO composite had the highest thermal stability and a slightly higher (positive) glass transition temperature (Tg) was increased by 3.5 °C, relative to the pristine bio-epoxy (0 wt.% GO).
Special Issue: Antifungal Agents Recently Approved or under Development
Authors: Espinel-Ingroff Ana , Dannaoui Eric
Published: March 2021

Many thanks to all contributors to the Special Issue on “Antifungal Agents Recently Approved or Under Development (Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives)” [...]
Dietary Supplementation of Brown Seaweed and/or Nucleotides Improved Shrimp Performance, Health Status and Cold-Tolerant Gene Expression of Juvenile Whiteleg Shrimp during the Winter Season
Authors: Abdel-Rahim Mohamed , Bahattab Omar , Nossir Fatma , Al-Awthan Yahya , Khalil Riad H. , Mohamed Radi
Published: March 2021

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Sargassumpolycystum and nucleotides- supplemented diets to improve immune response and cold-tolerance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Four treatments were evaluated: T1, the control, shrimp received only a basal diet; T2, a basal diet with 500 ppm nucleotides; T3, a basal diet with 500 ppm S.polycystum powdered; T4, a basal diet with 500 ppm nucleotides and 500 ppm S.polycystum powdered. Shrimp were fed experimental diets for 56 days. Results revealed shrimp fed T4 diet exhibited the best significant improvement in water quality, survival, growth, and feed utilization indices followed by T2, and T3, while T1 showed the worst values. Additionally, nonspecific immune responses (phagocytosis (%), lysozyme, phenoloxidase, super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total nitric oxide) were improved with 1.7–3.2-fold in T4 higher than T1. Histomorphology of hepatopancreas in T4 showed the most increased activation of the hepatic glandular duct system compared with the other treatments. Moreover, nucleotides/seaweed-supplemented diets upregulated relative expression of cMnSOD, Penaeidin4, and heat shock protein70 (HSP70) genes, while translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was downregulated. In conclusion, the synergistic effects of both S. polycystum and nucleotides have many advantages as a growth promoter, immunostimulant, antimicrobial, and cold-tolerant stimulant to L. vannamei.
A Crustin from Hydrothermal Vent Shrimp: Antimicrobial Activity and Mechanism
Authors: Wang Yujian , Zhang Jian , Sun Yuanyuan , Sun Li
Published: March 2021

Crustin is a type of antimicrobial peptide and plays an important role in the innate immunity of arthropods. We report here the identification and characterization of a crustin (named Crus1) from the shrimp Rimicaris sp. inhabiting the deep-sea hydrothermal vent in Manus Basin (Papua New Guinea). Crus1 shares the highest identity (51.76%) with a Type I crustin of Penaeus vannamei and possesses a whey acidic protein (WAP) domain, which contains eight cysteine residues that form the conserved ‘four-disulfide core’ structure. Recombinant Crus1 (rCrus1) bound to peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid, and effectively killed Gram-positive bacteria in a manner that was dependent on pH, temperature, and disulfide linkage. rCrus1 induced membrane leakage and structure damage in the target bacteria, but had no effect on bacterial protoplasts. Serine substitution of each of the 8 Cys residues in the WAP domain did not affect the bacterial binding capacity but completely abolished the bactericidal activity of rCrus1. These results provide new insights into the characteristic and mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of deep sea crustins.
Research on the Mechanism of Micro-Water Jet-Guided Laser Precision Drilling in Metal Sheet
Authors: Zhang Yinuo , Qiao Hongchao , Zhao Jibin , Cao Zhihe
Published: March 2021

As the microporous structure has been widely used in the field of precision machining, at the same time, the requirements for the quality of microporous machining are continuously increasing. Water jet-guide laser processing technology (WJGL) has been gradually applied for its high machining precision. However, there are a few researches on the heat conduction process of WJGL processing metal materials. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the transient thermal effect of metal materials and the mechanism of material removal to improve the processing quality. In order to explore the heat conduction model of WJGL processing metal materials, this paper is based on the “element birth and death” technique in the finite element method, and the three-dimensional transient temperature field of four typical metal materials (titanium alloy, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, copper) and material removal model are established. Under this model, the removal mechanism of different metal materials and the influence of different process parameters on the temperature field distribution of the material are studied, and the influence of fixed-position drilling and helix drilling on the microporous morphology is compared. The results show that copper and aluminum alloys can obtain a larger depth-to-diameter ratio and a smaller hole taper. Titanium alloy and stainless steel have better hole roundness, lower hole edge temperature, and smaller thermal deformation. Hole roundness error and hole taper decrease with the increase of laser power. The roundness error of each material is reduced to within 10 μm when the laser power is 10 W, and the average hole taper is 8.73°.
Orthogonality Measurement of Three-Axis Motion Trajectories for Micromanipulation Robot Systems
Authors: Wang Yuezong , Liu Jinghui , Chen Hao , Chen Jiqiang , Lu Yangyang
Published: March 2021

In robotic micromanipulation systems, the orthogonality of the three-axis motion trajectories of the motion control systems influences the accuracy of micromanipulation. A method of measuring and evaluating the orthogonality of three-axis motion trajectories is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a system for three-axis motion trajectory measurement is developed and an orthogonal reference coordinate system is designed. The influence of the assembly error of laser displacement sensors on the reference coordinate system is analyzed using simulation. An approach to estimating the orthogonality of three-axis motion trajectories and to compensating for its error is presented using spatial line fitting and vector operation. The simulation results show that when the assembly angle of the laser displacement sensors is limited within a range of 10°, the relative angle deviation of the coordinate axes of the reference coordinate frame is approximately 0.09%. The experiment results show that precision of spatial line fitting is approximately 0.02 mm and relative error of the orthogonality measurement is approximately 0.3%.
PET Diagnostic Molecules Utilizing Multimeric Cyclic RGD Peptide Analogs for Imaging Integrin αvβ3 Receptors
Authors: Liolios Christos , Sachpekidis Christos , Kolocouris Antonios , Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss Antonia , Bouziotis Penelope
Published: March 2021

Multimeric ligands consisting of multiple pharmacophores connected to a single backbone have been widely investigated for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this review, we summarize recent developments regarding multimeric radioligands targeting integrin αvβ3 receptors on cancer cells for molecular imaging and diagnostic applications using positron emission tomography (PET). Integrin αvβ3 receptors are glycoproteins expressed on the cell surface, which have a significant role in tumor angiogenesis. They act as receptors for several extracellular matrix proteins exposing the tripeptide sequence arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD). Cyclic RDG peptidic ligands c(RGD) have been developed for integrin αvβ3 tumor-targeting positron emission tomography (PET) diagnosis. Several c(RGD) pharmacophores, connected with the linker and conjugated to a chelator or precursor for radiolabeling with different PET radionuclides (18F, 64Cu, and 68Ga), have resulted in multimeric ligands superior to c(RGD) monomers. The binding avidity, pharmacodynamic, and PET imaging properties of these multimeric c(RGD) radioligands, in relation to their structural characteristics are analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, specific examples from preclinical studies and clinical investigations are included.
Quantum Chemical Microsolvation by Automated Water Placement
Authors: Steiner Miguel , Holzknecht Tanja , Schauperl Michael , Podewitz Maren
Published: March 2021

We developed a quantitative approach to quantum chemical microsolvation. Key in our methodology is the automatic placement of individual solvent molecules based on the free energy solvation thermodynamics derived from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and grid inhomogeneous solvation theory (GIST). This protocol enabled us to rigorously define the number, position, and orientation of individual solvent molecules and to determine their interaction with the solute based on physical quantities. The generated solute–solvent clusters served as an input for subsequent quantum chemical investigations. We showcased the applicability, scope, and limitations of this computational approach for a number of small molecules, including urea, 2-aminobenzothiazole, (+)-syn-benzotriborneol, benzoic acid, and helicene. Our results show excellent agreement with the available ab initio molecular dynamics data and experimental results.
Basic Principles in the Design of Spider Silk Fibers
Authors: Pérez-Rigueiro José , Elices Manuel , Plaza Gustavo R. , Guinea Gustavo V.
Published: March 2021

The prominence of spider silk as a hallmark in biomimetics relies not only on its unrivalled mechanical properties, but also on how these properties are the result of a set of original design principles. In this sense, the study of spider silk summarizes most of the main topics relevant to the field and, consequently, offers a nice example on how these topics could be considered in other biomimetic systems. This review is intended to present a selection of some of the essential design principles that underlie the singular microstructure of major ampullate gland silk, as well as to show how the interplay between them leads to the outstanding tensile behavior of spider silk. Following this rationale, the mechanical behavior of the material is analyzed in detail and connected with its main microstructural features, specifically with those derived from the semicrystalline organization of the fibers. Establishing the relationship between mechanical properties and microstructure in spider silk not only offers a vivid image of the paths explored by nature in the search for high performance materials, but is also a valuable guide for the development of new artificial fibers inspired in their natural counterparts.
Nanotechnology in Wastewater Management: A New Paradigm Towards Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Jain Keerti , Patel Anand S. , Pardhi Vishwas P. , Flora Swaran Jeet Singh
Published: March 2021

Clean and safe water is a fundamental human need for multi-faceted development of society and a thriving economy. Brisk rises in populations, expanding industrialization, urbanization and extensive agriculture practices have resulted in the generation of wastewater which have not only made the water dirty or polluted, but also deadly. Millions of people die every year due to diseases communicated through consumption of water contaminated by deleterious pathogens. Although various methods for wastewater treatment have been explored in the last few decades but their use is restrained by many limitations including use of chemicals, formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), time consumption and expensiveness. Nanotechnology, manipulation of matter at a molecular or an atomic level to craft new structures, devices and systems having superior electronic, optical, magnetic, conductive and mechanical properties, is emerging as a promising technology, which has demonstrated remarkable feats in various fields including wastewater treatment. Nanomaterials encompass a high surface to volume ratio, a high sensitivity and reactivity, a high adsorption capacity, and ease of functionalization which makes them suitable for application in wastewater treatment. In this article we have reviewed the techniques being developed for wastewater treatment using nanotechnology based on adsorption and biosorption, nanofiltration, photocatalysis, disinfection and sensing technology. Furthermore, this review also highlights the fate of the nanomaterials in wastewater treatment as well as risks associated with their use.
Spherical Al-MCM-41 Doped with Copper by Modified TIE Method as Effective Catalyst for Low-Temperature NH3-SCR
Authors: Jankowska Aleksandra , Kowalczyk Andrzej , Rutkowska Małgorzata , Michalik Marek , Chmielarz Lucjan
Published: March 2021

Aluminum containing silica spherical MCM-41 was synthesized and modified with copper by the template ion-exchange method (TIE) and its modified version, including treatment of the samples with ammonia solution directly after template ion-exchange (TIE-NH3). The obtained samples were characterized with respect to their chemical composition (ICP-OES), structure (XRD), texture (low temperature N2 sorption), morphology (SEM-EDS), form and aggregation of deposited copper species (UV-vis DRS), reducibility of copper species (H2-TPR), and surface acidity (NH3-TPD). The deposition of copper by the TIE-NH3 method resulted in much better dispersion of this metal on the MCM-41 surface comparing to copper introduced by TIE method. It was shown that such highly dispersed copper species, mainly monomeric Cu2+ cations, deposited on aluminum containing silica spheres of MCM-41, are significantly more catalytically effective in the NH3-SCR process than analogous catalysts containing aggregated copper oxide species. The catalysts obtained by the TIE-NH3 method effectively operated in much broader temperature and were less active in the side process of direct ammonia oxidation by oxygen.
Bioinformatic Analysis of Genome-Predicted Bat Cathelicidins
Authors: Pérez de la Lastra José Manuel , Asensio-Calavia Patricia , González-Acosta Sergio , Baca-González Victoria , Morales-delaNuez Antonio
Published: March 2021

Bats are unique in their potential to serve as reservoir hosts for intracellular pathogens. Recently, the impact of COVID-19 has relegated bats from biomedical darkness to the frontline of public health as bats are the natural reservoir of many viruses, including SARS-Cov-2. Many bat genomes have been sequenced recently, and sequences coding for antimicrobial peptides are available in the public databases. Here we provide a structural analysis of genome-predicted bat cathelicidins as components of their innate immunity. A total of 32 unique protein sequences were retrieved from the NCBI database. Interestingly, some bat species contained more than one cathelicidin. We examined the conserved cysteines within the cathelin-like domain and the peptide portion of each sequence and revealed phylogenetic relationships and structural dissimilarities. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity of peptides was examined using bioinformatic tools. The peptides were modeled and subjected to docking analysis with the region binding domain (RBD) region of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The appearance of multiple forms of cathelicidins verifies the complex microbial challenges encountered by these species. Learning more about antiviral defenses of bats and how they drive virus evolution will help scientists to investigate the function of antimicrobial peptides in these species.
Sulvanites: The Promise at the Nanoscale
Authors: Prado-Rivera Roberto , Chang Chen-Yu , Liu Mimi , Lai Cheng-Yu , Radu Daniela R.
Published: March 2021

The class of ternary copper chalcogenides Cu3MX4 (M = V, Nb, Ta; X = S, Se, Te), also known as the sulvanite family, has attracted attention in the past decade as featuring promising materials for optoelectronic devices, including solar photovoltaics. Experimental and theoretical studies of these semiconductors have provided much insight into their properties, both in bulk and at the nanoscale. The recent realization of sulvanites at the nanoscale opens new avenues for the compounds toward printable electronics. This review is aimed at the consideration of synthesis methods, relevant properties and the recent developments of the most important sulvanites.
Spatial and Temporal Changes of Groundwater Storage in the Quaternary Aquifer, UAE
Authors: Sherif Mohsen , Sefelnasr Ahmed , Ebraheem Abdel Azim , Al Mulla Mohamed , Alzaabi Mohamed , Alghafli Khaled
Published: March 2021

To study the temporal and spatial variations of the groundwater quantity and quality in response to intensive groundwater exploitation from the Quaternary aquifer in UAE, a water budget model with a cell size of one km2 was developed. The available historical records of groundwater levels and salinity have been used to develop the water table and salinity maps of UAE for the years 1969, 2005, 2010, and 2015. The available water resources and soil information system was used to facilitate validity, cogency, and consistency of the groundwater analysis. The spatial analysis module of GIS was used to define the aquifer setting, saturated thickness, aquifer base elevation, effective porosity, and groundwater salinity at each grid cell. The obtained results indicated that the volume of fresh groundwater resources in the Quaternary aquifer in UAE has decreased from 238 km3 in 1969 to around 10 km3 in 2015. A major part of these depleted fresh groundwater resources was replaced by brackish water, and, therefore, the total groundwater storage in this aquifer has only decreased from 977 in 1969 to 922 km3 in 2015, respectively. If the same groundwater exploitation continues, the freshwater storage in the surficial aquifer might be totally depleted in agricultural areas. Most probably, the brackish groundwater resources will be exploited. In such areas, more attention should be devoted to the management of brackish water resources to avoid the exacerbation of the saltwater intrusion problem. Despite the fact that the obtained results indicate the negative impacts of the improper water resources management in a small part of the arid area, the learned lessons are valid for other arid countries, in particular, using the proper steady state boundary conditions for the initial conditions in modeling the available future management alternatives.
Evde Sağlık Hizmeti Alan Hastaların Sağlık İhtiyaçlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GÜDÜK Özden , GÜDÜK Özlem , SERTBAŞ Yaşar
Published: March 2021

Giriş ve Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı sunulan evde sağlık hizmetlerini ve hastaların sağlık durumlarını değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: İstanbul İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü Kamu Hastaneleri Hizmetleri Başkanlığı-2’ye bağlı Üsküdar Evde Sağlık Hizmetleri Koordinasyon Merkezi’nden hizmet almış hastalar arasından Basit Tesadüfi Örnekleme Yöntemi ile seçilen 525 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Veriler fiziki ve elektronik hasta dosyalarından elde edilmiştir. Çalışma tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel olarak planlanmış ve elde edilen veriler sayı ve oran (%) olarak gösterilmiştir. Bulgular: Hastaların bağımlılık durumu yüksektir. Hastaların %8’i oral beslenememekte ve %32’si destekleyici beslenme ürünü almaktadır. %11’inde mesane katateri, %2’sinde trakeostomi kanülü bulunmaktadır. %7’si mevsimsel grip aşısı ve yalnızca 2 kişi pnömokok aşısı yaptırmıştır. Son bir yıl içinde hastaların %12’si konstipasyon sorunu yaşamış, %10’u en az bir kere üriner sistem enfeksiyonu geçirmiş ve %12’sinde dekübit ülseri meydana gelmiştir. %43’üne duygu durum bozukluğu (anksiyete/depresyon) tanısı konmuş ve bununla ilgili ilaç tedavisi başlanmıştır. Hastalara en sık konulan tanılar sırasıyla hipertansiyon, Alzheimer/demans, kalp hastalıkları, diyabet ve serebrovasküler hastalıklardır. Sonuç: Hastaların sağlık ihtiyaçlarının yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur.
Applications of Beta Negative Binomial Distribution Series on Holomorphic Functions
Authors: Wanas Abbas Kareem , Al-Ziadi Najah Ali Jiben
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for the power series 〖P℘〗_(ℷ,γ)^μ (t) whose coefficients are probabilities of the beta negative binomial distribution to be in the family F(σ,τ,ϵ,η,μ,ℷ,γ) of holomorphic functions which are defined in the open unit disk. We establish a number of important geometric properties, such as, coefficient estimates, extreme points, neighborhood property, integral representation, radii of starlikeness and convexity and Hadamard product properties for functions belongs to this family. Also we determinate some differential subordination properties of the power series 〖P℘〗_(ℷ,γ)^μ (t).
Design and Manufacture of Interactive Multimedia Modules Based on Macromedia Director MX in Simulation and Digital Communication Subjects
Authors: Sefriani Rini , Veri Jhon
Published: March 2021

This research and development aims to produce products in the form of Learning Media Interactive Multimedia Module Based on Macromedia Director MX for Class X in SMK-SMAK Padang. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) research method which refers to the 4D Model with the stages passed in this research are the definition stage, the design stage, the development stage, and the deployment stage. Data retrieval is done to the user of the Interactive Multimedia Module. The research sample consisted of 33 people consisting of 32 students and 1 teacher of the subject of Simulation and Digital Communication (SIMKOMDIG) SMK-SMAK Padang. Validity test results by experts Overall assessment of the validator test on Learning Media Interactive Multimedia Module Based on Macromedia Director MX is 90.35%, so that the level of validity can be interpreted very validly used. Overall practicality assessment of learning media Interactive Multimedia Module Based on Macromedia Director MX is 87.72%, so that the level of practicality can be interpreted very practically used. For effectiveness test Overall assessment of the effectiveness of learning media Interactive Multimedia Module Based on Macromedia Director MX at 85.51%, so that the level of effectiveness can be interpreted effectively used. MX has been tested for eligibility, is practically used and is effectively used in the learning process in Simulation and Digital Communication (SIMKOMDIG) subjects at SMK-SMAK Padang
Penerapan Metode Fuzzy Pada Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerimaan Pegawai Di Bni Syariah
Authors: Islami Fajrul
Published: March 2021

Bank Negara Indonesia Syariah merupakan salah satu Badan Usaha Milik Negera yang bergerak dibidang perbankan khususnya perbankan syariah. Dalam hal pemilihan pegawai BNI Syariah secara rutin melakukan perekrutan pegawa setiap tahunnya guna mendukung kegiatan operasional dan pelayanan kepada nasabah. Pelayanan yang terbaik tentu menjadi prioritas utama dalam menjaga kenyamanan dan loyalitas nasabah. Oleh karena itu, dalam upaya menjaga persaingan dibidang keuangan perbankan dan pelayanan nasabah perlu didukung oleh sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Didalam melakukan perekrutan pegawai perusahaan memiliki kriteria-kriteria yang sudah ditentukan untuk memastikan bahwa setiap pegawai yang diterima sesuai dengan kebutuhan dari perusahaan. Oleh sebab itu, untuk membantu dalam pemilihaan pegawai yang cepat dan efektif, sistem pendukung keputusan dapat menjadi pilihan dalam meemilih pegawai yang terbaik. Metode Fuzzy merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan dalam membantu pemilihan pegawai pada BNI Syariah. Dengan menggunakan metode Fuzzy pada Sistem Pendukung Keputusan maka penentuan pegawai yang akan diterima dapat diproses berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria yang sudah ditentukan, sehingga dapat  membantu perusahaan memilih pegawai secara cepat dan efektif.    

Kata kunci: Sistem Pendukung Keputusan, Penerimaan Pegawai, Fuzzy, Tahani
P Pengimplementasian Artificial Inteligence Pada Sistem Keamanan Locker Otomatis Berbasis SMS Gateway dan Radio Frequency Identification
Authors: Wirawan Nanda Tommy
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk merancang sebuah sistem rotari pada loker dengan menggunakan RFID dan Keypad sebagai input sehingga dapat memberikan keamanan pada loker.

                Sistem ini dibuat dengan merancang, membuat dan mengimplementasikan komponen-komponen sistem yang meliputi arduino Uno sebagai pengendali proses, RFID sebagai input untuk keamanan menggunakan kartu ID Keypad sebagai setting password berperan sebagai input, dan menggunakan LCD sebagai media untuk tampilan informasi serta penggunaan Motor DC dan Motor Servo Sebagai Penggerak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan alat yang dibuat dapat berfungsi dengan baik dan dapat dikembangkan untuk skala yang lebih besar.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI APLIKASI E- LEARNING BERBASIS WEB DI SMA N 9 PADANG
Authors: Aisah Karlina , Yanto Heri , - Firdaus
Published: March 2021

E- learning atau electronic learning merupakan konsep pembelajaran yang dilakukan melalui jaringan media elektronik. Perkembangan teknologi yang sangat maju di era modern dan globalisasi memungkinkan berbagai kegiatan dilakukan secara cepat dan efisien. Perkembangan teknologi sudah banyak memberi pengaruh terhadap cara hidup kita, salah satunya adalah dalam bidang pendidikan dengan penggunaan e- learning dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah,  perguruan  tinggi,  tempat   –  tempat   kursus  bahkan  komunitas  – komunitas online sudah mulai menggunakan konsep seperti ini. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi dan tuntutan globalisasi pendidikan serta pembelajaran jarak jauh, berbagai konsep telah dikembangkan untuk menggantikan metode pembelajaran tradisional, salah satunya adalah konsep e- learning. E- learning dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif atas permasalahan dalam bidang pendidikan, baik sebagai tambahan, pelengkap maupun pengganti ataskegiatan pembelajaran yang sudah ada. Dengan penggunaan e- learning dalam proses pembelajaran pada SMA N 9 Padang,   diharapkan   akan   mempermudah   siswa   dalam   kegiatan   belajar. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, maka dirancang aplikasi pembelajaran e- learning dengan Learning Management System. Dilihat dari kenyataan tersebut, diperlukan suatu sarana penunjang yang mampu meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi dalam system mengajar di SMA N 9 PADANG dalam meningkatkan pembelajaran terhadap siswa
Model Internalisasi Nilai-nilai Multikultural dalam Pembelajaran PAI di SMA Negeri 1 Nganjuk
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Masyukuri Masyukuri , Hanif Moh.
Published: March 2021

This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of case study that focuses on cultivating multicultural values ​​that are contained in the learning process inside and outside the class of SMA Negeri 1 Nganjuk.  The purpose of this study is to reveal and develop a model of internalization of multicultural values ​​that grows and develops in the research locus.  Sources of data related to this study were obtained using in-depth interview techniques, participatory observation and documentation which were processed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman.  From this focus, a multicultural value internalization model was produced through the management of systematic and coordinated learning as well as habituation and training in developing student character.
Pengembangan Pembelajaran al-Qur’an Hadits Surah az-Zalzalah pada Media E-Learning Berbasis Edmodo
Authors: Nurdiana Ika Wahyu , Hamid Abdulloh , Wahyudi Winarto Eka
Published: March 2021

Based on the criteria of learning al-Qur'an Hadith with the material of surah az-Zalzalah, it can be said that it is valid and effective for grade IV students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. To compile and produce learning, it is necessary to research the development of e-learning media through edmodo. Can increase the creativity of students in learning al-Qur'an Hadith about surah az-Zalzalah using e-learning media through edmodo. This type of research is the ADDIE model that has been used in the development of Al-Qur'an Hadith learning through edmodo e-learning media. There are 5 stages in the ADDIE model, namely analysis, design, development, application and evaluation. Has been validated by 3 lecturers as validator experts, media and instruments on e-learning media through edmodo. The subjects in development research were 30 grade students for the 2020-2021 school year. Learning al-Qur'an Hadith surah az-Zalzalah can be said to be good and meet the requirements with a rating of 78.34% through the edmodo e-learning media. However, students can respond to the learning media with a rating of 82.36% and have been declared good. Thus, all aspects of e-learning media through edmodo in learning al-Qur'an Hadith surah az-Zalzalah can be categorized as good and feasible to be used in the learning process.
Obtención de materiales híbridos homogéneos de tipo Orgánico/Inorgánico
Authors: Ramírez-Salas Virginia , Moreno-Martínez Beatriz Eugenia , Alarcón-Ruiz Erika , Ordoñez-Pacheco Luis Daniel
Published: March 2021

Tridimensional polymers are mutually incompatible and a solution is the formation of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN’s). In order to obtain optically transparent plaques, the polyurethane (PU), polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) and sílica (SiO2) were syntetized and we obtained the best conditions of reaction for each material. We sintetized the binary networks and the ternary ones with different percentage from sílica were obtained, incorporating to the system 10% in weight of sílica, carrying out a curing in situ in mass. The interest of this work lies in the association of an inorganic network (SiO2) to two organic networks PU and PMMA. In order to reduce the phase separation that occurs in the PU, PMMA and SiO2 system, coupling agents of organic/inorganic nature were introduced. Optically transparent plaques were obtained using trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate and isocyanatopropyl triethoxy silane. The materials were characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, verifying the presence of representative functional groups in each of the samples. The purpose of incorporating these materials to a single network is the improvement of the mechanical, optical and thermal properties of the organic polymers.
Estudio experimental del rendimiento térmico de un colector solar de tubos evacuados para calentar aire de secado
Authors: Flores-Montijo Noe A , Cabanillas-Lopez Rafael E
Published: March 2021

A solar collector with evacuated tubes was developed to heat air from room temperature until it has the capacity to be used in drying processes. The instantaneous and global thermal efficiency of the equipment was studied, as well as the behavior of the outlet temperature at different air flows. Measurements of inlet and outlet air temperatures, irradiance were taken, and mass flow were determined. The amount of heat absorbed by the air was calculated and, in relation to the irradiance, instantaneous efficiency was obtained to later determine the overall efficiency. The device consists of a polypropylene tube where 5 evacuated tubes were placed. Air was flowed into each of them with an arrangement of a stainless-steel conduit with thin-walled tubing. For various air flows, thermal behavior curves were obtained, where increases in air temperature between 30°C and 50°C were observed, reaching outlet temperatures of up to 90°C. Efficiencies were calculated from 40% to 60%, for high and low operating temperatures, respectively. The increase in temperature resulted in a linear trend, facilitating the design of instrumented dryers and their control.