bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Knowledge and Related Factors Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Karaman Emine , Kalkım Aslı , Şarer Yürekli Banu Pınar
Published: September 2021

In this study was to determine knowledge of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and to explore related factors among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who have not been diagnosed with CVD. This descriptive study was conducted with 175 adults. Data were collected individual identification form and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL) scale. A negative correlation was found between age and CARRF-KL score. A significant difference was found between educational status and CARRF-KL score. The individuals described their health status as good, managed their condition with diet and exercise, received information from nurses, adults with DM in their family and those with no DM complications had significantly higher scores in CARRF-KL. The knowledge of an individual with DM about CVD risk factors should be assessed, CVD risks should be identified at an early stage, and individuals at risk should be subjected to screening.
Body Composition Changes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Prediction of Survival to Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization in Combination With Clinical Prognostic Factors
Authors: Zheng Xiaomin , Cao Feng , Qian Liting , Dong Jiangning
Published: September 2021

Treatment-related toxicities and decreased levels of patient performance during cancer therapy might contribute to body composition changes (BCC) and thereby impact outcomes. This study investigated the association between BCC during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and developed a nomogram for predicting survival in combination with clinical prognostic factors (CPF). Pretreatment and posttreatment computed tomography (CT) images of 75 patients with HCC who were treated between 2015 and 2018 were analyzed. The bone mineral density (BMD), cross-sectional area of paraspinal muscles (CSAmuscle), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and visceral fat area (VFA) were measured from two sets of CT images. Count the changes in body composition during treatment and sort out the CPF of patients. Using cox regression models, CSAmuscle change, SFA change, VFA change, child-push class, and portal vein thrombosis were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) (HR=5.932, 2.384, 3.140, 1.744, 1.794, respectively. P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) showed the prediction model combination of BCC and CPF exhibited the highest predictive performance (AUC=0.937). Independent prognostic factors were all contained into the prognostic nomogram, the concordance index (C-index) of prognostic nomogram was 0.787 (95% CI, 0.675−0.887). Decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated that the prognostic nomogram was clinically useful. Nomogram-based risk classification systems were also constructed to facilitate risk stratification in HCC for optimization of clinical management. In conclusion, we identified CSAmuscle change, SFA change, VFA change, Child-Pugh class, and portal vein thrombosis were independent prognostic factors for HCC. The prognostic nomogram with a combination of BCC and CPF that can be applied in the individualized prediction of survival in patients with HCC after TACE.
Effects of Positive Hepatitis B Core Antibody and Metabolic Disorders in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an Endemic Area of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Lee Hae Lim , Bae Si Hyun , Lee Jaejun , Sung Pil Soo , Lee Sung Won , Jang Jeong Won , Lee Jungmin , Choi Jong Young , Han Nam Ik , Yoon Seung Kew
Published: September 2021

Background and Aims

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the impact of positive hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and metabolic disorders on clinical characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in an HBV-endemic area.

Methods

A total of 1950 consecutive patients newly diagnosed with HCC between 2002 and 2015 were included. Patient records were reviewed. We compared non-viral and non-alcoholic HCC patients with other etiological groups for HCC. In addition, we compared HCC patients with negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and positive anti-HBc to those with negative HBsAg and negative anti-HBc, and to those with HBV.

Results

The prevalence of non-viral and non-alcoholic HCC increased from 7% in 2002–2011 to 12% in 2012–2015. The proportion of non-viral and non-alcoholic HCC gradually increased with age. Patients with non-viral and non-alcoholic HCC exhibited higher rates of metabolic disorders and preserved liver function. The rate of anti-HBc positivity was similarly high in all HCC etiological groups. The clinical features of HCC patients with negative HBsAg and positive anti-HBc were similar to those with negative HBsAg and negative anti-HBc, but significantly different from those with HBV HCC. Regarding tumor characteristics, patients in the non-viral and non-alcoholic HCC group had more advanced stages of tumors (mUICC stage III–V and BCLC stage C/D). There was no significant difference in overall survival among the patient groups. The presence of anti-HBc did not affect patient survival.

Conclusion

Patients with non-viral and non-alcoholic HCC had a relatively high prevalence of metabolic disorders and preserved liver function. However, they had advanced tumor stage compared to patients from other etiological groups. Anti-HBc positivity did not affect the clinical characteristics or prognosis of non-HBV HCC patients in this study.
Success Rates for the Objectives of US State Cancer Control Plans: A First Look
Authors: Williamson Mark R.
Published: September 2021

Background

A well-designed cancer control plan is an important tool for a nation, state, or community to address the burden of cancer. Furthermore, it provides the opportunity to devise and implement measurable objectives. However, there has been little to no assessment of the success rates of such objectives.

Methods

I compared the success rate of objectives between US states’ current plan and most recent past plan to determine the proportion of success in the United States overall. I also tested possible reasons for low success rates.

Results

The mean success rate was 20% for stringent successes (only exact matches between plans) and 28% for loose successes (exact and similar matches between plans). The magnitude of change in percentage between the baseline and target for loose objectives significantly predicted success (P = .0347). Higher change resulted in lower success. However, neither the number of objectives nor the level of overlap significantly predicted success rate. Nor was population size, region, or rural–urban status significantly related to success rate. The most successful states had high proportions of objectives that were measurable and a high number of overlapping objectives.

Conclusion

I found that objective success rates were low for cancer control plans. To improve success rates, I suggest that future cancer control plans ensure each objective has a measurable baseline and realistically attainable target.
An Exploration of Factors that Mediate the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Sexual Assault Victimization Among LGBTQ+ College Students
Authors: Sutton Tara E. , Edwards Katie M. , Siller Laura , Shorey Ryan C.
Published: September 2021

Despite alarming rates of sexual assault on college campuses, little research has examined risk factors for sexual victimization among LGBTQ+ college students. This exploratory study aims to examine adolescent sexual assault, internalized homonegativity, and problematic alcohol use as mediators linking several types of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; i.e., childhood sexual abuse, parental abuse, and household disorder) to collegiate sexual assault. Utilizing data from 241 LGBTQ+ college students, path analysis findings demonstrated that these proposed mediators increased risk for sexual assault and that various types of ACEs exerted differential impacts on sexual re-victimization, internalized homonegativity, and problematic alcohol use. Practice-based implications are offered, including the need for affirming programming that includes problem drinking prevention components and considers the role of ACEs and internalized homonegativity in increasing risk for sexual assault during college as well as the need for LGBTQ+ resource centers on campus.
Evaluation of a patient self-medication program in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Polito Samantha , Ho Lina , Pang Ian , Dara Celina , Viswabandya Auro
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Patients admitted for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are discharged with multiple new medications. At our institution, a new patient Self Medication Program (SMP) was implemented on the allo-HSCT units. An SMP allows patients to practice self-administration of medications in a controlled environment before discharge. We assessed the impact of the SMP on patient medication knowledge, self-efficacy, adherence, and safety. Patient and staff satisfaction with the SMP was also explored.

Methods

Participants in the SMP group received medication counseling by a pharmacist and self-managed their medications with nursing supervision until discharge. Participants in the pre-SMP group received medication counseling by a pharmacist at discharge. All participants completed a Medication Knowledge and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire before discharge and at follow-up. Safety endpoints were assessed for SMP participants.

Results

Twenty-six patients in the pre-SMP group and 25 patients in the SMP group completed both questionnaires. Median knowledge scores in the pre-SMP group versus the SMP group were 8.5/10 versus 10/10 at discharge ( p = 0.0023) and 9/10 versus 10/10 at follow-up ( p = 0.047). Median self-efficacy scores were 38/39 in the pre-SMP group versus 39/39 in the SMP group at both discharge and follow-up ( pdischarge = 0.11, pfollow-up = 0.10). The SMP was associated with at least 1 medication event in 7 participants, but no medication incidents. Patient and staff surveys showed a positive perceived value of the SMP.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that the SMP is associated with durable, improved medication knowledge, a trend towards improved self-efficacy, and largely positive perceptions among both staff and patient participants.
The impact of cirrhosis on the postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing splenectomy: Propensity score matched analysis of the 2011–2017 US hospital database
Authors: Lee David U. , Fan Gregory H. , Hastie David J. , Addonizio Elyse A. , Karagozian Raffi
Published: September 2021

Background & objective:

While splenectomy is performed for various trauma and non-trauma indications, there is little information about the impact of cirrhosis on the post-splenectomy outcomes, despite the intricate physiological and vascular connection between the liver and the spleen.

Methods:

2011–2017 National Inpatient Sample was used to select patient cases who underwent the splenectomy procedure, who were further stratified using cirrhosis. The cirrhosis-absent controls were matched to the study cohort using propensity score matching with nearest neighbor matching method. Endpoints included mortality, length of stay, hospitalization costs, and postoperative complications.

Results:

There were 675 patients with cirrhosis and 675 matched controls identified from the database. Cirrhosis cohort had higher mortality (20.0 vs 7.26%, p < 0.001, OR = 3.19, 95% CI = 2.26–4.52) and hospitalization costs ($210,716 vs $186,673, p = 0.003), but shorter length of stay (11.8 vs 12.5d, p = 0.04). In terms of complications, cirrhosis cohorts had higher postoperative bleeding (7.26 vs 4.3%, p = 0.027, OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.09–2.80) and shock (3.7 vs 1.04%, p = 0.002, OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.58–8.54), and were more likely to be discharged to short-term hospitals and home with home health care. On multivariate analysis, presence of cirrhosis resulted in higher mortality (p < 0.001, aOR = 3.30, 95% CI = 2.33–4.69).

Conclusions:

Cirrhosis is an independent risk factor of postoperative mortality in patients undergoing splenectomy; given this finding, further precautious and multidisciplinary care should be rendered in these at-risk patients with cirrhosis in the setting of splenectomy.
Expertise as a domain in interaction
Authors: Arminen Ilkka , Simonen Mika
Published: September 2021

We start this article from Gilbert Ryle’s distinction between propositional knowledge, ‘knowing-that’, and procedural knowledge, ‘knowing-how’, and investigate how participants in interaction display orientation to the latter in various settings. As the knowledge of how things are done, know-how can be analyzed in terms of its relevance and consequentiality for parties in interaction. Similarly, as participants adjust their actions and understandings according to their sense of what they know and assume others to know, their know-how and its distribution may form the basis for adjusting and reshaping their actions, forms of participation and identities. In this sense, we aim at opening an investigation of know-how, and its conventionalized form, expertise, in interaction. In as much as it forms a distinct domain, a new research object – expertise in interaction – is formulated. Methodological issues of how to study expertise in interaction are discussed. The data are in English and Finnish.
The relationship between attraction, perception of service, opportunities and tourist satisfaction in backwater tourism in Alappuzha district of Kerala in India
Authors: Joseph Legy Clara , Soundararajan Vasanthi , Parayitam Satyanarayana
Published: September 2021

This article aims to explore the relationships between destination attractions, tourists’ awareness of eco-tourism and facilities, level of perceived service, opportunities and problems, and tourist satisfaction in backwater tourism in Kerala, India. Using a structured survey instrument, we gathered data from 586 tourists. A conceptual model was developed and tested after checking the psychometric properties of the instrument. We tested the measurement model using the Lisrel package (structural equation modeling), and Hayes (2018) process macros were used to test the moderation hypotheses. The results confirm that (i) attraction and opportunities are positively related to tourist satisfaction, (ii) perception of service positively moderates the relationship between attraction and tourist satisfaction, (iii) perception of service (first moderator) and awareness (second moderator) interact to influence the relationship between attraction and tourist satisfaction, and (iv) problems negatively moderate the positive relationship between opportunities and tourist satisfaction. The implications for the literature on tourism and hospitality and practicing managers are discussed.
My dear diaries: Following, valuing and reflecting on moments with research materials
Authors: White Lauren
Published: September 2021

This article explores how solicited paper diaries, and the accompanying materials, are carefully handled over the course of one research project. It foregrounds the value of attending to mundane moments with research materials, by tracing tangible material encounters together with intimate fieldnote reflections. Through drawing upon theories of materiality with feminist and relational ethics of care, this article centralises paper diaries as a key mediator of relationships and care within research. It considers the micro processes of choosing diaries, posting them, receiving and storing them and tracing the emotionally charged moments as a researcher in everyday research situations. Such reflections, from the perspective of the researcher, look to offer insights into research relationalities and care. It argues that these momentary fieldwork reflections extend understandings of material methodologies by emphasising relational intimacies as a researcher and connects material and sensory understandings with feminist ethics of care and researcher reciprocities.
On nesting
Authors: Singh Julietta , Joynt Chase
Published: September 2021

Writer Julietta Singh talks to filmmaker Chase Joynt about their unfolding collaborative work on a feature-length hybrid documentary, The Nest. Taking a majestic home in central Canada as its focus, the documentary looks to architecture as a portal through which to tell unexpected histories of Westward expansion, Indigenous uprising, ecopolitical activism, domestic violence, and the racialization of a nation. Mapping the structural, political, and intimate histories of the house, the film engages archival remnants and historical fabulation to illuminate forgotten feminist pasts and tell linked stories of its transhistorical occupants. The project asks: How can built environments reveal subjugated stories of the past? How are we affected by the historical traces that linger in our dwelling places? How are race, gender, class, sexuality, and physical ability embedded in architecture? And how might we ultimately understand ourselves as artifacts of space and place that are making and telling histories otherwise?
Travel in the Physical and Mental Space: A Behavioral Assessment of the Phylogenetic Continuity Hypothesis Between Egocentric Navigation and Episodic Memory
Authors: Fragueiro Agustina , Tosoni Annalisa , Frisoni Matteo , Di Matteo Rosalia , Sestieri Carlo , Committeri Giorgia
Published: September 2021

Based on the neuro-functional association between navigation in the physical and the mental space at the level of the hippocampal-entorhinal system, Buzsáki and Moser (2013) have hypothesized a phylogenetic continuity between spatial navigation and declarative memory functions. According to this proposal, mechanisms of episodic and semantic memory would have evolved from mechanisms of self-based and map-based navigation in the physical space, respectively. Using classic versions of path integration and item recognition tasks in human subjects, we have recently described a correlation and a predictive relationship between abilities in egocentric navigation and episodic memory. Here we aim at confirming and extending this association to the dynamic component of sequential updating in the physical (egocentric navigation) and mental (episodic memory) space, and at investigating the relationship of these self-centered abilities with semantic memory. To this aim, we developed three new experimental tasks in which the dynamic component of updating information is particularly emphasized in the spatial, the temporal, and the semantic domain. The contribution of visual short-term memory to the three tasks was also controlled by including an additional task. The results confirmed the existence of a direct and predictive relationship between self-based spatial navigation and episodic memory. We also found a significant association between egocentric navigation and semantic memory, but this relationship was explained by short-term memory abilities and was mediated by episodic memory functions. Our results support the hypothesis of an evolutionary link between mechanisms that allow spatial navigation in the physical space and time travel in the mental space.
Are Leaders and Followers Receiving What They Give? A Long-Term Examination of the Reciprocal Relationship Between Relative LMX and Relative OCB-Helping
Authors: Tremblay Michel , Parent-Rocheleau Xavier , Sajadi Pegah
Published: September 2021

Relying on social comparison theory and the norm of reciprocity perspective, the present study aims to longitudinally investigate the specific relationships between relative leader–member exchange (RLMX) and relative organizational citizenship behavior (ROCB). We examined the potentially bidirectional relationship between these two constructs using data consisting of 1,420 time-lagged observations from 725 employees surveyed at multiple time points. Our results indicate that performing more helping behaviors than the group average (ROCB) leads to a subsequent higher quality of relationship with the leader compared to the group average (RLMX), above and beyond the effect of organizational citizenship behavior on RLMX. This effect is stronger than the reverse relationship (i.e., the effect of RLMX on ROCB, above and beyond the leader–member exchange). Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Examining principal leadership effects on teacher professional learning in China: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Huang Liang , Huang Yating , Zhou Shike
Published: September 2021

While principal leadership has been exercised in day-to-day practices to address the needs of teachers as professional learners, empirical studies regarding its effects on teacher professional learning have not increased proportionally. Using a sample of 255 secondary school principals and 2756 teachers from four provinces of Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong in China (B-S-J-G-China) who participated in the 2015 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA 2015), this study employed a two-level hierarchical linear modeling to examine principal leadership effects on teacher professional learning. Results showed that principal leadership practices explained a large proportion of between-school variance in teacher learning. Principals’ developing people had positive effects on both personal and collaborative learning. Principals’ instructional improvement had a positive effect on collaborative learning, while principals’ facilitating teacher participation had a negative effect on collaborative learning. The implications for improving principals’ role in promoting teacher learning are also discussed.
A narrative review of the late effects of paediatric cancer treatment within an educational setting: Existing evidence and where do we go from here?
Authors: Iyamu Jessica , Hodgson Jessica C , Sharpe Rachael
Published: September 2021

Objectives

The late effects of paediatric cancer treatment within an educational context are an area that is relatively under researched within the United Kingdom.

Methods

To support this narrative review, systematic searches were conducted in key scientific databases between May and December 2020.

Results

Upon reviewing literature within this field, there are key considerations that should be addressed to provide clear and concise findings. These key considerations include clarification on whether the research undertaken focuses on the late or long term effects of paediatric cancer treatment, taking a consistent approach to data analysis with the aim to improve the validity of the study findings, utilising a mixed methodology to gain further depth to the findings as well as increasing the number of studies that focus on a specific tumour type rather than numerous types to allow a detailed study to be undertaken into the potential late effects a treatment for a specific tumour may elicit.

Discussion

If these key considerations are taken into account when conducting further research within this field, it would enable consistent findings to be utilised in providing the optimum educational provision for survivors of paediatric cancer who remain within the education system.
Predicting post-stroke cognitive impairment using acute CT neuroimaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ball Emily L , Sutherland Rachel , Squires Charlotte , Mead Gillian E , Religa Dorota , Lundström Erik , Cheyne Joshua , Wardlaw Joanna M , Quinn Terence J , Shenkin Susan D
Published: September 2021

Background

Identifying whether acute stroke patients are at risk of cognitive decline could improve prognostic discussions and management. Structural computed tomography neuroimaging is routine in acute stroke, and may identify those at risk of post-stroke dementia or post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).

Aim

To systematically review the literature to identify which stroke or pre-stroke features on brain computed tomography scans, performed at the time of stroke, are associated with post-stroke dementia or PSCI.

Summary of review

We searched electronic databases to December 2020. We included studies reporting acute stroke brain computed tomography, and later diagnosis of a cognitive syndrome. We created summary estimates of size of unadjusted association between computed tomography features and cognition. Of 9536 citations, 28 studies (41 papers) were eligible (N = 7078, mean age 59.8–78.6 years). Cognitive outcomes were post-stroke dementia (10 studies), PSCI (17 studies), and one study analyzed both. Fifteen studies (N = 2952) reported data suitable for meta-analyses. White matter lesions (WML) (six studies, N = 1054, OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.25–4.84), cerebral atrophy (four studies, N = 558, OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.21–6.51), and pre-existing stroke lesions (three studies, N = 352, OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.06–5.32) were associated with post-stroke dementia. WML (four studies, N = 473, OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 2.17–5.52) were associated with PSCI. Other computed tomography features were either not associated with cognitive outcome, or there were insufficient data.

Conclusions

Cognitive impairment following stroke is of great concern to patients and carers. Features seen on visual assessment of acute stroke computed tomography brain scans are strongly associated with cognitive outcomes. Clinicians should consider when and how this information should be discussed with stroke survivors.
Nest-site selection and nest design of Iberian bullfinches Pyrrhula pyrrhula iberiae in northwestern Spain
Authors: Hernández Ángel , Zaldívar Pilar
Published: September 2021

Nest-habitat selection and nest design in a Eurasian bullfinch population in the Iberian Peninsula are thoroughly addressed in this study for the first time. Hedgerows and meadows were found around all of the nests and most of them were supported by hedgerows, so bullfinches consistently used the general woody vegetation available as reproduction habitat and site. Also, poplar plantations appeared preferentially in the immediate surroundings of the nests. Partly reflecting these results, bullfinches chose zones with greater shrub and tree cover than that available. Bullfinches placed their nests on a wide variety of plant species, but showed predilection for thorny species. Overall mean height of nests above the ground was 1.43 m and large-sized shrubs/trees were preferred. The most predominant bullfinch nest orientations were S, E and centered, which arguably provided thermal benefits and protected from severe weather. In general, there were no significant temporal variations in nest-site selection. With the exception of thorny support and favourable orientation, acting jointly, there was no significant association between nest-site characteristics and nesting success, presumably because many nests were already located in the most advantageous places at each time, and because despite this, predation pressure was high. Nest external dimensions were relatively variable, whereas internal width was the least variable nest dimension. No significant monthly or interannual variations in nest weight were observed. Larger nests did not hold larger clutches. Successful nests were larger than unsuccessful ones. The bullfinch nests were of simple construction, with two clearly different regions, the outer nest and the internal cup, with no significant temporal variations in the weight of either. The outer, structural nest consisted mainly of twigs, whereas roots and herbaceous shoots were the highest fractions lining the cup. Hair was the only animal-derived material used by bullfinches.
Proteomic analysis of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Qin Xiaohan , Li Tianhao , Sun Wei , Guo Xiaoxiao , Fang Quan
Published: September 2021

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but fatal cardiovascular disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis and treatment of this disease at an early stage would greatly improve outcomes. The molecular indicators of PAH are mostly nonspecific, and diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed. A more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this complex disease is crucial for the development of new and more effective therapeutics to improve patient outcomes. In this article, we review published literature on proteomic biomarkers and underlying molecular mechanisms in PAH and their value for disease management, aiming to deepen our understanding of the disease and, ultimately, pave the way for clinical application.
Prognostic factors in cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a Latin American country results
Authors: Ruiz-Garcia Erika , Peña-Nieves Adriana , Alegria-Baños Jorge , Cornejo-Juarez Patricia , Meneses-García Abelardo , Rivera Samuel Rivera , Sánchez Juan José , Gerson-Cwilich Raquel , Gerson Daniela Shveid , Franco Heriberto Medina , Buerba Gabriela Alejandra , Espinoza Alicia Acosta , Mijares Norma Valencia , Fernández-Figueroa Edith A. , Vázquez Roberto A. , Vilar-Compte Diana
Published: September 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical and pathological factors, and the outcome of cancer and COVID-19 patients in Mexico.

Patients and methods:

A prospective, multicentric study was performed through a digital platform to have a national registry of patients with cancer and positive SARS-CoV-2 test results through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We performed the analysis through a multivariate logistic regression model and Cox proportional hazard model.

Results:

From May to December 2020, 599 patients were registered with an average age of 56 years with 59.3% female; 27.2% had hypertension. The most frequent diagnoses were breast cancer (30.4%), lymphoma (14.7%), and colorectal cancer (14.0%); 72.1% of patients had active cancer and 23.5% of patients (141/599) were deceased, the majority of which were men (51.7%). This study found that the prognostic factors that reduced the odds of death were gender (OR = 0.42, p = 0.031) and oxygen saturation (OR = 0.90, p = 0.0001); meanwhile, poor ECOG (OR = 5.4, p = 0.0001), active disease (OR = 3.9, p = 0.041), dyspnea (OR = 2.5, p = 0.027), and nausea (OR = 4.0, p = 0.028) increased the odds of death. In the meantime, the factors that reduce survival time were age (HR = 1.36, p = 0.035), COPD (HR = 8.30, p = 0.004), having palliative treatment (HR = 10.70, p = 0.002), and active cancer without treatment (HR = 8.68, p = 0.008).

Conclusion:

Mortality in cancer patients with COVID-19 is determined by prognostic factors whose identification is necessary. In our cancer population, we have observed that being female, younger, non-COPD, with non-active cancer, good performance status, and high oxygen levels reduce the probability of death.
The politics of platform power in surveillance capitalism: A comparative case study of ride-hailing platforms in China and the United States
Authors: Chan Ngai Keung , Kwok Chi
Published: September 2021

This article uses a comparative case study of two ride-hailing platforms—DiDi Chuxing in China and Uber in the United States—to explore the comparative politics of platform power in surveillance capitalism. Surveillance capitalism is an emerging economic system that translates human experiences into surveillance assets for behavioral predictions and modifications. Through this comparative study, we demonstrate how DiDi and Uber articulate their operational legitimacy for advancing their corporate interests and visions of datafication in the face of legal uncertainty. Although DiDi and Uber are both “sectoral platforms” in urban mobility with similar visions of datafication and infrastructuralization, we highlight that they deploy different discursive legitimation strategies. Our study shows that Uber adopts a “confrontational” strategy, while DiDi employs a “collaborative” strategy when they need to legitimize their data and business practices to the public and regulatory authorities. This study offers a comparative lens to examine the social and political dynamics of platform firms based in China and the United States and, therefore, contributes to understanding the various aspirational logic of platform thinking in different political contexts.
Public understanding of and participation in ethical events relating to science and technology: Comparing China with other countries
Authors: Ge Haitao , Li Xiang , Liu Xuan
Published: September 2021

With the rapid development of science and technology (S&T), which has a profound impact on human society and the environment, the tension between S&T and ethics has attracted increasing attention. Ethical events occur from time to time in S&T domains, and related issues have aroused heated discussion. In China, the participants in S&T ethical events are mainly professionals in their respective fields. By comparing China with other countries, we can see that public understanding of and participation in S&T ethical events in China still need to be strengthened. This can be accomplished from two perspectives: the promotion of ethical consciousness and the popularization of science.
Development Support of Early Career Researchers in the Netherlands: Lessons for Australia
Authors: Speelman Craig P.
Published: September 2021

Australian universities are faced with the imminent retirement of a large proportion of their researchers. One way to avoid a decrement in research performance is to consider greater support for early career researchers (ECRs). To investigate how another university system that is ranked high in research performance supports its ECRs several universities in the Netherlands were visited. Seventeen senior academic staff in these universities were interviewed to examine their perceptions of the support that is provided for the development of ECRs, and the nature of the research environment in which they are employed. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using a thematic analysis procedure that was guided by the IPA framework to identify common themes amongst the views of the interviewees. Several features of the Dutch university system were identified as different to the Australian system and which the interviewees suggested were responsible for the high level research performance exhibited by their universities. These include the organization of universities by chair groups that are responsible for both research and teaching in a subject area, tenure track systems, and generous financial and material support for developmental activities. On the basis of these findings, I recommend Australian universities consider revising the support they provide to ECRs to be more aligned with what is provided in the Dutch system.
Return to Play and Player Performance After Achilles Tendon Rupture in UEFA Professional Soccer Players: A Matched-Cohort Analysis of Players From 1999 to 2018
Authors: Forlenza Enrico M. , Lavoie-Gagne Ophelie Z. , Lu Yining , Diaz Connor C. , Chahla Jorge , Forsythe Brian
Published: September 2021

Background:

Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is a potentially career-ending injury in professional athletes. Limited information exists regarding return to play (RTP) in professional soccer players after this injury.

Purpose:

To determine the RTP rate and time in professional soccer players after ATR and to evaluate player performance relative to matched controls.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We evaluated 132 professional soccer players who suffered an ATR between 1999 and 2018. These athletes were matched 2:1 to uninjured controls by position, age, season of injury, seasons played, and height. We collected information on the date of injury, the date of RTP, and player performance metrics (minutes played, games played, goals scored, assists made, and points per game) from official team websites, public injury reports, and press releases. Changes in performance metrics for the 4 years after the season of injury were compared with metrics 1 season before injury. Univariate comparisons were performed using independent-sample, 2-group t tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests when normality of distributions was violated.

Results:

The mean age at ATR was 27.49 ± 4.06 years, and the mean time to RTP was 5.07 ± 2.61 months (18.19 ± 10.96 games). The RTP rate was 71% for the season after injury and 78% for return at any timepoint. Overall, 9% of the injured players experienced a rerupture during the study period. Compared with controls, the injured players played significantly less (-6.77 vs -1.81 games [ P < .001] and -560.17 vs -171.17 minutes [ P < .05]) and recorded fewer goals (-1.06 vs -0.29 [ P < .05]) and assists (-0.76 vs -0.02 [ P < .05]) during the season of their Achilles rupture. With the exception of midfielders, there were no significant differences in play time or performance metrics between injured and uninjured players at any postinjury timepoint.

Conclusion:

Soccer players who suffered an ATR had a 78% RTP rate, with a mean RTP time of 5 months. Injured players played less and demonstrated inferior performance during the season of injury. With the exception of midfielders, players displayed no significant differences in play time or performance during any of the 4 postinjury seasons.
Is the Future Bright or Bleak? Assessing Past and Future Outlooks Across the Adult Lifespan
Authors: Silaj Katie M. , Schwartz Shawn T. , Castel Alan D. , McDonough Ian M.
Published: September 2021

An individual’s outlook on society can change over time and can be related to both their physical and mental health. Here, we developed an instrument to measure outlooks on the past and future in relation to the present in 413 adults ranging in age from 18 to 80 years. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on independent samples and test–retest reliability was assessed in a subset of participants. Construct validity of the two past and future scales was assessed by relating them to 1) pre-existing scales measuring related constructs, and 2) beliefs and safety behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The final Bright or Bleak Scale (BOBS) consists of a past and future scale, each with two factors measuring societal and personal outlooks. Brighter future societal and personal outlooks were positively associated with longer future time perspectives, while self-reporting a higher likelihood of already having contracted COVID-19 was related to bleaker past societal and personal outlooks.
Craving Empathy: Studying the Sustained Impact of Empathy Training on Clinicians
Authors: Mehta Ankit , Adams Nell , Fredrickson Mary , Kraszkiewicz Wojciech , Siy Jerome , Hamel Lydia , Hendel-Paterson Brett
Published: September 2021

Evidence is sparse when it comes to the longitudinal impact of educational interventions on empathy among clinicians. Additionally, most available research on empathy is on medical trainee cohorts. We set out to study the impact of empathy and communication training on practicing clinicians’ self-reported empathy and whether it can be sustained over six months. An immersive curriculum was designed to teach empathy and communication skills, which entailed experiential learning with simulated encounters and didactics on the foundational elements of communication. Self-reported Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) was scored before and at two points (1–4 weeks and 6 months) after the training. Overall, clinicians’ mean self-empathy scores increased following the workshop and were sustained at six months. Specifically, the perspective taking domain of the empathy scale, which relates to cognitive empathy, showed the most responsiveness to educational interventions. Our analysis shows that a structured and immersive training curriculum centered on building communication and empathy skills has the potential to positively impact clinician empathy and sustain self-reported empathy scores among practicing clinicians.
Some Old Patterns for New in Missions
Authors: Jackson Herbert C.
Published: September 2021

This article constitutes Dr. Jackson's inaugural address as Adjunet Professor on the Senior Faculty of Union Theological Seminary in New York City, delivered on October 25, 1961. It was published in the Union Seminary Quarterly Review. Vol. XVII, No. 1 (Nov. 1961), and is reproduced here by permission of the editors.
Missions and the New Hope
Authors: Haroutunian Joseph
Published: September 2021

The response to the publication, or the republication, of some of the study documents preparatory to the Willingen meeting of the international Missionary Council has been most gratifying. Requests keep coming to the Missionary Research Library for those documents. Hence, we publish another highly significant paper from among the inquiries into “The Missionary Obligation of the Church”, a paper advocating powerfully a corrective to contemporary mission thinking. The paper was presented in September 1950. It is published with the permission of the Division of World Mission and Evangelism, World Council of Churches.

Dr. Haroutunian currently is Professor of Systematic Theology at The Divinity School of The University of Chicago.
This High Calling
Authors: Smith Eugene L.
Published: September 2021

An utterly unprecedented and crucially important aspect of the Christian world mission is being propelled upon us as one of the unforeseen by-products of the new era in inter-Christian relations precipitated by the late Pope John XXIII and the Second Vatican Council. This new aspect is the whole question of implications in Protestant-Catholic missionary activity. One evidence that the Catholics are taking the lead in grappling with this problem which is going to descend upon us so quickly is the invitation extended by the National Catholic Welfare Conference, Washington, D.C., to Dr. Eugene L. Smith to give a major address before the Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the /Catholic/ Mission-Sending Societies. Dr. Smith, who is General Secretary of the Division of World Missions of the Board of Missions of The Methodist Church, delivered this address on September 24, 1963.

The MRL presents this paper not only as a contribution in this new Protestant-Catholic relationship in mission but also because of the highly intrinsic, often unique, value of the contents.
I. Redeemed Men Redeeming Society
Authors: Boggs Arthur G. , Hasselblad O. W.
Published: September 2021

The theme and deliberations of the Third International Convention on Missionary Medicine represents a further expression of the wide-spread reassessment of medical missions being undertaken throughout the Protestant world. This review of the Proceedings is presented as a contribution toward general knowledge of the various aspects of this reassessment. The published Proceedings may be obtained from the Christian Medical Society, 1122 Westgate, Oak Park, Illinois,

Dr. Boggs, who received his M.D. degree from Harvard University, served for some thirty-five years as a medical missionary in South India under the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society. Practically all of that service was in the capacity of Superintendent of the Baptist Hospital in Ongole, Andhra State.

Dr. Hasselblad, for many years a medical missionary in Assam, India, is now President of American Leprosy Missions, Inc.
Missionary Readings on the Philippines: A Guide
Authors: Anderson Gerald H.
Published: September 2021

Dr. Anderson is Academic Dean of Union Theological Seminary, Manila, and author of a number of publications. He compiled the annotated Bibliography of the Theology of Missions in the Twentieth Century, of over 1,000 items, published by the Missionary Research Library [Rev. ed. 1960; $1.50], and edited The Theology of the Christian Mission [New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961].
LAOS – Laymen's Overseas Service
Authors: Kochtitzky R. B.
Published: September 2021

We present in this issue the story of the genesis of an important new expression of missionary activity. The story is highly personal in nature because LAOS is largely the consequence of the convictions and achievements of one man, Mr. R. B. Kochtitzky, who is Executive Director of LAOS.

Due to space limitations, the account had to be shortened extensively. The full story reflects a tenacious persistence against both opposition and apathy. This persistence resulted not only in the establishment of the movement, but now has resulted also in recognition, acceptance, and cooperation on the part of denominational and ecumenical organizations.

It is significant that among Protestants there has arisen a kind of movement in mission and service which already has been present and effective among Catholics, Mormons, and others. We are therefore glad to share in the dissemination of word about this movement. Further information may be obtained by writing directly to Laymen's Overseas Service, Inc., Post Office Box 5031, Jackson, Mississippi 392l6.
An Introduction to the Missionary Thought of Jean Danielou
Authors: Chaney Charles L.
Published: September 2021

The Rev. Charles L. Chaney is pastor of the First Baptist Church of Palatine, Illinois, and a graduate student at the University of Chicago Divinity School.

Father Jean Danielou is on the faculty of the Paris Institut Catholique.
The Role of the Missionary in International Conciliation (A Contemporary Analytical Approach)
Authors: Cooley F. L.
Published: September 2021

The analysis that follows is based solely on my own experience and observations as a missionary in two Asian nations, China and Indonesia, which have been embroiled in much conflict in recent decades. These conflicts, in both cases, have involved both my own country and the country in which I served. My sample of experience is, admittedly, a limited one as a basis for analysis.

We shall be addressing ourselves to the following matters: a definition of terms (“international conciliation” and “missionary”); factors that may qualify or disqualify the missionary for a conciliating role; the nature of his role; how he plays his role; and two case studies as a basis for some conclusions.
On Prophecy and Technocracy
Authors: Verghese Paul
Published: September 2021

(Adapted from an address delivered to the Program Board of the Division of Overseas Ministries of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A., March 10, 1966)
Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on Cellular Sphingomyelin Imaging with Specific Reporter Proteins
Authors: Kobayashi Toshihide , Tomishige Nario , Inaba Takehiko , Makino Asami , Murata Michio , Yamaji-Hasegawa Akiko , Murate Motohide
Published: September 2021

Sphingomyelin (SM) is a major sphingolipid in mammalian cells. Although SM is enriched in the outer leaflet of the cell plasma membrane, lipids are also observed in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and intracellular organelles such as endolysosomes, the Golgi apparatus and nuclei. SM is postulated to form clusters with glycosphingolipids (GSLs), cholesterol (Chol), and other SM molecules through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. Thus, different clusters composed of SM, SM/Chol, SM/GSL and SM/GSL/Chol with different stoichiometries may exist in biomembranes. In addition, SM monomers may be located in the glycerophospholipid-rich areas of membranes. Recently developed SM-binding proteins (SBPs) distinguish these different SM assemblies. Here, we summarize the effects of intrinsic factors regulating the lipid-binding specificity of SBPs and extrinsic factors, such as the lipid phase and lipid density, on SM recognition by SBPs. The combination of different SBPs revealed the heterogeneity of SM domains in biomembranes.