bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problem of aging as a problem of the appearance of unstable components when detailing the system
Authors: Cherhykalo Denys
Published: December 2024

Recently, interest in Physical Informed Neural Network (PINN) has grown. But the process of implementing these models in the field of mathematical biology is still in its infancy. For this area, the question of finding a region of stability is both very difficult and important. There are many models for disease, aging, and carcinogenesis, but they all rely on the concept of an attractor of human health and resilience. But if you teach Artificial Intelligence to maintain the region of stability of a healthy state, it will inevitably face entering the region of instability, in which there is great sensitivity to changes in parameters, which will give exponentially large gradients. But when it comes to critical processes, organisms have a fairly good set of ways to maintain short-term stability that they have acquired through the process of evolutionary selection. Thus, all factors that affect aging are dynamics with slow exponential growth throughout life, similar to DNA mutations. Therefore, a hypothetical rough model that could directly suppress all such deep problems in their infancy may be an interesting first approximation, although most likely, due to excessive suppression, it will simplify the structure of the organism itself and possibly make its tissues and coordination of cellular reprogramming more similar to the tissues of the immortal jellyfish Turritopsis dohrnii. This abstract approximation model has long-term stability, and from there we can view aging as a problem of unstable components emerging in the detailing of the organism that we must solve.
Digital education: Data technologies and informative knowledge
Authors: Didmanidze Ibraim , Tsitskishvili Givi , Didmanidze Didar , Zaslavsky Vladimir
Published: December 2024

By focusing on computational tools, the present report shows how it is possible to improve awa- reness of what the educational task is intended to achieve, and it describes the correct methodological foundations and appropriate approach for carrying out a designed digital task. Practical examples de- monstrate important research points: a variety of data storage issues and the technical topic of relation- al databases. A digital education resource that demonstrates how data technologies are used to accom- plish tasks in a research environment. It analyses enabling factors that can support quality, equity and efficiency in the use of digital technologies in education systems. A program of digital research in ed- ucational practice can be characterized as an attempt to marry the interpretation of possible worlds of logic with probabilistic reasoning. It can be said that the discussed concept stands out as one of the most fundamental contributions of information theory to the practice of digital education and is clearly relevant for a number of technical issues, such as the inductive logarithm problem.
Convective-thermal drying simulation to reduce the damage of the grain in convective plants
Authors: Dmytruk Anatolii , Gayvas Bogdana
Published: December 2024

A physical-mathematical model is proposed to analyze the process of drying the bed of one-type granular materials in a convective drying chamber under the action of a drying agent to optimize this process and reduce the percentage of grain damage. The fundamental relations of the coupled problems of mechano-diffusion and mass transfer for the considered grain are written, considering the grain structure's heterogeneity (core and coat) and its position in the bed. The moisture concentration and the radial displacement vector are chosen as determining functions. Based on the obtained solutions of changes in moisture concentration in grain over time, taking into account the heterogeneity of the grain structure and the rate of blowing the drying agent for the intergranular medium, a numerical analysis of changes in moisture concentration, temperature, displacements and deformations in grain over time is carried out, taking into account the physical and chemical characteristics of the grain. It is found that the temperature of the drying agent has the most significant influence on drying (movement, deformation, grain stress).
Point spectrum as a profile of beliefs in conflict models
Authors: Koshmanenko Volodymyr , Satur Oksana
Published: December 2024

This article examines the emergence of point spectra in discrete dynamical conflict systems and their role in belief formation within a society. By studying the structure and convergence of conflict trajectories to limit states, we analyze the conditions under which a discrete point spectrum emerges. A mathematical model is developed to describe the formation of individuals' beliefs through conflict interaction. The study focuses on systems where the number of possible beliefs is limited, examining both the aggregation of individual beliefs and the constraints that arise with multiple beliefs. The results show that while two beliefs can always be aggregated, the presence of three or more leads to more complex dynamics, where only a pair of individuals can be grouped by a common belief. The results provide insights into the formation of belief clusters in societies and offer a framework for understanding informational influence on conflict patterns.
У цій статті розглядається поява точкових спектрів у дискретних динамічних конфліктних системах та їхня роль у формуванні переконань у суспільстві. Вивчаючи структуру та швидкість збіжностей траєкторій конфлікту до граничних станів, ми аналізуємо умови, за яких виникає дискретний точковий спектр. Розроблено математичну модель для опису формування переконань індивідів через конфліктну взаємодію. Дослідження зосереджено на системах, де кількість можливих переконань обмежена, досліджуючи як сукупність окремих переконань, так і обмеження, які виникають із кількома переконаннями. Результати показують, що хоча два переконання завжди можна об’єднати, наявність трьох або більше призводить до більш складної динаміки, коли лише пару осіб можна згрупувати за спільним переконанням. Результати дають змогу зрозуміти формування кластерів переконань у суспільствах і пропонують основу для розуміння інформаційного впливу на моделі конфліктів.
Modeling of Filtration Processes with Extended Sources and Homogenization
Authors: Sandrakov Gennadiy
Published: December 2024

Methods for modeling dynamic filtration processes with extended sources will be considered. These methods are based on the homogenization of the relevant initial boundary value problems. This approach leads to the description of several filtration modes, the implementation of which depends on the orders of the filtration, transfer, and potentiality coefficients. The problems for describing these modes have constant coefficients and can be solved analytically or numerically.  The accuracy of the approximations is also established.
Modification of the filtration consolidation equation and kinematic boundary condition into the case of biodegradation processes
Authors: Shostak Liubov
Published: December 2024

This work considers the modification of the filtration consolidation equation to describe the settlement processes of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, taking into account the influence of biodegradation processes. The mathematical model incorporates the thermal effect resulting from biodegradation processes and introduces boundary conditions to describe the interaction of heat and fluid pressure. The corresponding mathematical model is described by the Stefan boundary value problem for a system of differential equations of biodegradation and two quasilinear parabolic equations. One of the equations describes the change in thermal state in a porous medium, while the other describes the change in excess pore pressure in the pore fluid. This approach allows for avoiding the determination of the stress-strain state and modeling the microbiological dynamics. The finite element method was used to find the solutions to the corresponding boundary value problem. The obtained results assess the change in the dynamics of the settlement of MSW landfills considering biodegradation and non-isothermal conditions
Обчислювальні технології для нелокальних початково-крайових задач гідромеханіки
Authors: Віктор Ванін , Лебідь Олексій , Черній Дмитро
Published: December 2024

Представлено  обчислювальні технології на основі  методу дискретних особливостей та їх застосування для нелокальних початково-крайових задач гідромеханіки в областях з різнотипними непроникними рухомими межами
Існування періодичних режимів в моделях типу Скеллама
Authors: Маценко Василь
Published: December 2024

Розглядається одне узагальнення моделі Скеллама, в якій мають місце монотонна стабілізація чисельності, періодичні режими та хаотична поведінка. Проведено комп’ютерне дослідження розв’язків моделі.
Шляхи вдосконалення навігаційних систем для безпілотних літальних апаратів
Authors: Музиченко Адріан , Дунець Роман
Published: December 2024

У даних тезах розглядаються сучасні методи навігації безпілотних літальних апаратів (БПЛА). Особлива увага приділяється системам супутникової та інерціальним навігаційним системам. Аналізуються переваги і недоліки різних підходів до навігації, включаючи використання машинного навчання для підвищення точності і надійності систем. Досліджуються питання інтеграції різних типів навігаційних даних і їх обробки в реальному часі. Також розглядаються перспективи розвитку навігаційних технологій для БПЛА у контексті забезпечення безпеки польотів та автономного виконання завдань
Моделювання імовірності відмови автоматичного газового захисту шахти
Authors: Ilchuk Volodymyr , Hlushchuk Vladyslav
Published: December 2024

Розроблено імовірнісну математичну модель, з використанням логіко-імовірнісного методу та дерева відмов, автоматичного газового захисту шахти, що дозволяє оцінити імовірність виникнення події «вибух» в гірничій виробці. Необхідність удосконалення захисту при стаціонарних і нестаціонарних процесах метаноутворення підтверджується перевищенням фактичної імовірності вибуху нормованого значення на два порядки.
A probabilistic mathematical model has been developed, using the logical-probabilistic method and a fault tree, of automatic mine gas protection, which allows estimating the probability of an "explosion" event in a mine. The need to improve protection during stationary and non-stationary processes of methane formation is confirmed by the fact that the actual probability of an explosion exceeds the normalized value by two orders of magnitude.
Розробка системи моніторингу та контролю процесу відведення фільтраційних вод від земляних гребель
Authors: Таргоній Іван , Сафоник Андрій , Пилипенко Володимир
Published: December 2024

Розглянуто систему відведення фільтраційних вод на гідроенергетичних об’єктах. Розроблено автоматичну системи розрахунку витрати фільтраційного потоку для непідтопленого водоміру з індикацією рівнів рідини, архівуванням даних в SCADA системі.
The filtration water removal system at hydropower facilities is considered. An automatic system for calculating the filtration flow rate for a non-flooded water meter with liquid level indication, data archiving in the SCADA system has been developed.
Chromosome numbers of some species of the family Lamiaceae from Khakasia
Authors: Barsukova I. N. , Korolyuk Ye. A. , Astashenkov A. Yu.
Published: December 2024

The results of studying the chromosome numbers of 4 species from 3 genera of the family Lamiaceae from the Republic of Khakasia are presented. The material was collected in 2022 in six populations. The species Thymus petraeus (2n = 20) was studied for the first time. The chromosome numbers were determined in Dracocephalum discolor (2n = 12), Nepeta multifida (2n = 12), and Nepeta sibirica (2n = 18) for the first time from the territory of Khakasia. The range of distribution and published data on chromosome numbers are cited for each species. All the studied species are diploids.
The Khangalas orogenic Au deposit, Yana-Kolyma metallogenic belt (Northeast Russia): structure, ore mineral and isotopic (O, S, Re, Os, Pb, Ar, He) composition, fluid regime and formation conditions
Authors: Kudrin М. V. , Fridovsky V. Y. , Polufuntikova L. I. , Kryazhev S. G. , Kolova Е. Е. , Tarasov Y. А.
Published: December 2024

The Khangalas orogenic gold deposit is located in the central part of the Yana-Kolyma metallogenic belt. The structure of the deposit is determined by several mineralized crush zones with a thickness of up to 70 m and a length of up to 1400 m in the arch and on the southwest wing of the anticline of the northwest strike. Host rocks – Upper Permian terrigenous deposits. Ore bodies are characterized by massive, banded, veined, disseminated and breccia structures. The main vein minerals are quartz, carbonates, sericite is less common. The main ore minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite; minor – galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, native Au; rare – Fe-gersdorffite, tetrahedrite, argentotennantite. Hypergenic minerals – sulfates, phosphates, arsenates and hydroxides – are widely manifested in the linear oxidation zone. Mineral formation occurred in two stages – gold-sulfide-quartz and silver-quartz ones. Quartz veins with visible Au were formed with the involvement of low-concentrated (about 5.0 wt.% eq. NaCl) of hydrocarbonate hydrotherms with CO2 in the gas component, at a temperature of 330–280 °C and a pressure of about 0.8 kbar. Disseminated gold-bearing pyrite-3 (up to 39.3 g/t Au) and arsenopyrite-1 (up to 23.8 g/t Au) from sericite-carbonate-quartz metasomatites have a non-stoichiometric composition, Fe excess and S lack (and As in Ару), Fe/(S+As)=0.47–0.52 (Py3) and 0.47–0.50 (Ару1). The predominant form of “invisible” gold in Py3 and Apy1 is structurally related Au+. Isotopic composition of oxygen δ18O quartz (from +15.2 to +16.1‰), oxygen in the fluid δ18OH2O (from +8.4 tо +9.2‰)‰), sulfur δ34S in sulfides (from –2.1 to –0.6‰); isotopic ratio 187Os/188Os (from 0.2212 to 0.2338) in native gold and Pb in galena (206Pb/204Pb=18.0214, 207Pb/204Pb=15.5356, 208Pb/204Pb=38.2216), as well as the geochemical features of Py3 and Apy1 suggest the participation in ore formation mainly of sources from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle and, to a lesser extent, crustal reservoirs. The formation of the gold ore bodies of the deposit is related to the completion of reverse and thrust fault progressive deformation of the stage D1, which occurred in the Valanginian of the Early Cretaceous (about 137 million years ago) during late-orogenic processes in the Yana-Kolyma belt with regional south-western transport of rocks. The results obtained are important for predictive metallogenic and prospecting work aimed at identifying large-volume gold mineralization of orogenic belts.
Heterosynaptic plasticity: one name for several phenomena
Authors: Smirnov I. V. , Malyshev A. Yu.
Published: December 2024

Synaptic plasticity, which refers to long-term changes in the efficiency of synaptic transmission in the form of potentiation and depression, is thought to be a cellular mechanism of learning and memory. Long-term potentiation and depression can be induced under a variety of experimental conditions using different induction protocols. One such example is a protocol that follows Hebb’s rule, where induction of plasticity requires paired activation of a pre- and postsynaptic neuron that occur within a narrow temporal window relative to each other. Such plasticity is called homosynaptic plasticity because the same (homo-, Greek prefix meaning “same, identical”) synapses that participated in the induction of plasticity undergo long-term changes. However, as numerous experiments have shown, synapses that were inactive during the induction of plasticity also undergo long-term changes. This process has been termed heterosynaptic (hetero – “other, different”) plasticity in mammalian studies. Historically, however, the term heterosynaptic plasticity first appeared in studies of mollusks, where plastic changes in synaptic transmission were caused by a combination of stimulation of “weak” and “strong” synaptic inputs. As was later shown, the potentiating effect of stimulating the “strong” input in this case was associated with the release of neuromodulators, primarily serotonin. This type of plasticity was later demonstrated in mammals, where it was termed modulatory plasticity. The review considers different types of heterosynaptic plasticity, cellular and molecular mechanisms of its induction and maintenance, and explains the reasons for some terminological confusion related to this phenomenon in the literature.
A new subspecies of the Northern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus matykilensis subsp. n.) from Matykil Island, northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk
Authors: Dokuchaev N. E.
Published: December 2024

Matykil Island is the largest in the Yamskiye Islands archipelago, located in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Northern red-backed voles inhabiting Matykil island differ sharply from other populations of the species in a number of morphological, genetic and ecological traits. Based on a comparative analysis of external and craniometric characters, Northern red-backed voles from the Matykil island are identified as a separate subspecies: Clethrionomys rutilus matykilensis subsp. n.
THE EFFECT OF SELF-EFFICACY OF SHIPPING POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION PERSONNEL IN IMPROVING PERFORMANCE
Authors: Yulianto Andri
Published: December 2024

The objectives of this research are (1) to analyze how much influence leadership has on the performance of Shipping Polytechnic employees through self-efficacy, (2) analyze how big the influence of organizational learning is on the performance of Shipping Polytechnic employees through self-efficacy, and (3) analyze how big the influence of organizational culture on the performance of Shipping Polytechnic employees through self-efficacy. This research uses a multivariate Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique. The software used to process this data is AMOS 22 and the SPSS program as a descriptive statistical measurement tool. The results of this research are (1) Things that can be paid attention to include one dimension of leadership, namely "influencing power" and the dimension of self-efficacy, namely "completing tasks". To improve performance, leaders can combine power in influencing subordinates at work and leaders can help employees in completing tasks. (2) The organizational learning dimension that has the highest value is "Share Vision", this can be combined with the self-efficacy dimension, namely "completing tasks". To improve employee performance at the Banten Shipping Polytechnic and Barombong Shipping Polytechnic, you can use these two approaches by paying more attention to the division of vision in practice in the field. (3) To improve employee performance, leaders can pay attention to the dimension of "shared norms" combined with "completing tasks" to help facilitate every employee activity in the workplace. It is necessary to form and apply general norms that have previously been mutually agreed upon.
Effect of resistance training and lemon myrtle extract on muscle size of older adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shuji Sawada  , Azusa Nishino  , Shinichi Honda  , Yuji Tominaga  , Shiori Makio  , Hayao Ozaki  , Shuichi Machida
Published: December 2024

Background: Recent studies have shown that lemon myrtle leaf (LM) extracts activate muscle satellite cells. This research examined the impact of combining LM extract supplementation with resistance training on muscle hypertrophy in older adults.
Methods:  This randomized controlled trial allocated fourteen older adults (65-79 years) to either an LM supplement group (n=7) or a placebo group (n=7). Participants engaged in low-load resistance training twice weekly for 12 weeks while receiving their designated supplements. Muscle thickness at the anterior thigh (AT) was assessed using B-mode ultrasound at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks to evaluate muscle hypertrophy. Trial registration: UMIN000050432.
Results:.A 12-week intervention yielded significant muscle thickness enhancements in both groups. Nonetheless, the LM group exhibited a substantially greater relative increase (p < 0.05) compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, the low-load resistance training program elicited a significant 7.4% increase in muscle thickness in the LM group at six weeks, whereas the placebo group displayed a negligible 0.1% change.
Conclusions: The present study suggests that intake of LM extract could enhance the muscle hypertrophy effect of resistance training and requires further investigation in the future.
Keywords: sarcopenia, plant extract, muscle hypertrophy, lemon myrtle
The Second Congress on the History of Science and Technology in London, 1931, in the history of science of the first half of the 20th century. Part I. The origin of the idea of international congresses on the history of science
Authors:   S. I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, the Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg Вranch, Kupriyanov Viktor A.
Published: December 2024

The article presents the first part of the re-search devoted to the history of the Second Congress on the History of Science in London in 1931. The author reconstructs the history of the preparation of the Second International Congress on the History of Science. The article describes the history of the origin of the idea of international historical-scientific congresses and shows the role of Paul Tannery as an initi-ator of specialized congresses on the history of science. It is pointed out that P. Tannery connected his philosophical and methodolog-ical views with the positivism of O. Comte and considered himself a continuer of his teach-ings. The article evaluates the philosophical and methodological views of P. Tannery. The author offers a reconstruction of philo-sophical views of the prominent historian of science G. Sarton, who considered himself a successor of P. Tannery and O. Comte. The ar-ticle points out that the initiatives of P. Tan-nery’s initiatives led to the organization of the International Committee for the History of Science in 1928. The article reconstructs the history of the founding of this historical-scientific organization, which today is one of the oldest specialized historical-scientific in-stitutions in the world. The history of the First International Congress on the History of Sci-ence in Paris is described, along with the his-tory of the preparation of the Second Interna-tional Congress. The composition of the organ-izing committee of the Second International Congress on the History of Science in London is given. The author shows that all the main issues concerning the organization of the con-gress, its ideas and strategy were resolved by the spring of 1930.
Discursive aspects of posthuman communications
Authors:   GITR Film and Television School, Denikin Anton A. ,   Russian Institute of Theatre Arts
Published: December 2024

In this article, based on the ideas of trans-, post- and non-human philosophy, an attempt is made to consider the partially formed discursive field of posthuman communication studies – the sphere of research of posthuman communications, their capabilities, patterns of functioning and development. The article analyzes how new philosophical theories, media communications and creative digital practices influence the change in human communication. To understand and improve posthuman communications, a number of conceptual mechanisms for their description and research are proposed. Transhumanist ideas of extropy and abolitionism attract attention to the study of the possibilities of communication with the living matter of the human body at the biological and cellular levels. Bioengineering experiments are considered as a form of communication with nature itself. The non-anthropocentric interactions presented in the art experiments of contemporary artists reveal the essence of machine consciousness and machine communications. Posthumanist communications are associated with the mandatory inclusion of bodily modes of interaction between a person and computer objects. Such communications are analyzed through the concept of relationality: communication is understood as the process of building relationships, and the qualities of interacting bodies/objects are considered in terms of their ability to change and react. Ecocritical and ecofeminist communication strategies reveal an attempt to eliminate the differences between human and animal communications. Communication is considered as a form of assemblage, which is not exclusively a human privilege. It is concluded that in posthuman communication practices there is a transition from representation to performativity and physical action, physical activity, agency. As a result, the experience of computer-human and object-human interactions turns out to be broader than the actual tasks of traditional communication, broader than perception and aesthetic experience. This is an experience of a real material transformation of the surrounding reality. Such a shift of attention from what things mean to what they do has significant consequences for understanding communication – how something influences, something subordinates us to its will, impresses, affects effectively and affectively..
FORMULASI BROWNIES TEPUNG HATI AYAM DAN TEPUNG DAUN KELOR SEBAGAI CAMILAN SUMBER ZAT BESI
Authors: Marsita Nindy , Rotua Manuntun , Eliza
Published: December 2024

Brownies merupakan jenis kue berwarna cokelat, tidak mengembang, memiliki rasa manis dan aroma khas cokelat sehingga dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif penambahan bahan lain pada produk pangan guna meningkatkan kandungan zat gizi khususnya zat besi. Salah satu contoh bahan tambahan sumber zat besi adalah hati ayam. Selain hati ayam, daun kelor juga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan pangan sumber zat besi karena mengandung zat besi dan protein yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi terbaik, daya terima berdasarkan sifat organoleptik, dan kandungan gizi pada brownies tepung hati ayam dan tepung daun kelor. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non factorial dari 3 formula. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa formulasi brownies tepung hati ayam dan tepung daun kelor yang terpilih adalah formula P3 (30 gram tepung hati ayam dan 5 gram daun kelor) dengan kandungan energi sebesar 182,4 kkal, protein 4,17%, lemak 10,35%, karbohidrat 18,15%, dan zat besi 3,02 mg pada 100 gram brownies tepung hati ayam dan tepung daun kelor. Brownies tepung hati ayam dan tepung daun kelor formula terbaik (P3) dapat dikonsumsi sebagai makanan selingan khususnya oleh remaja putri yang menderita anemia karena dengan porsi saji 1 potong (40 gram) per hari, brownies ini dapat memenuhi 20,13% kebutuhan harian zat besi remaja, sehingga efektif sebagai tambahan nutrisi untuk mengatasi anemia.
Hubungan Usia, Masa Kerja Dan Kelelahan Kerja Dengan Keluhan Gangguan Otot Rangka Akibat Kerja (GOTRAK) Pada Pekerja PT. X
Authors: Rochmania Aidina , Sunaryo Merry , Al Isyrofi Atik Qurrota A Yunin , Wijaya Satriya
Published: December 2024

Keluhan otot rangka merupakan kerusakan pada ligamen, sendi, tendon, saraf, otot, dan tulang rawan dapat terjadi ketika otot terus-menerus menanggung beban statis. Faktor yang menyebabkan keluhan otot rangka meliputi faktor individu, faktor pekerjaan, dan faktor lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan usia, masa kerja dan kelelahan kerja dengan gangguan otot rangka akibat kerja (GOTRAK) pada pekerja PT.X. penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik proportional stratified random sampling sebanyak 78 pekerja. Analisis univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Spearman dengan melihat nilai koefisien korelasi. Terdapat hubungan usia dengan keluhan GOTRAK yang memiliki tingkat hubungan cukup pada bagian tubuh leher, bahu, punggung atas, punggung bawah dan kaki. Terdapat hubungan masa kerja dengan keluhan GOTRAK memiliki tingkat hubungan cukup pada bagian tubuh bahu, tangan, punggung bawah, lutut dan kaki. Sementara pada bagian tubuh leher dan punggung atas memiliki tingkat hubungan sedang. Terdapat hubungan tingkat kelelahan kerja dengan keluhan GOTRAK yang memiliki tingkat hubungan cukup pada bagian tubuh bahu, lutut, dan kaki. Pada bagian tubuh leher, tangan dan punggung bawah memiliki tingkat hubungan sedang. Sedangkan pada bagian tubuh punggung atas memiliki tingkat hubungan kuat. Disarankan bagi pekerja memperbaiki metode kerja guna mengurangi risiko pekerja mengalami posisi tubuh tidak ergonomis dan melakukan peregangan otot terutama pada bagian tubuh tangan, punggung dan kaki selama lima belas menit sebelum bekerja
Kata kunci: GOTRAK; Usia; Masa Kerja; Kelelahan Kerja
»Eine sorgfältig konstruierte Maschine der Gewalt«
Authors: Weber Jutta
Published: December 2024

Die generelle Entwicklung und der Einsatz von militärischer »Data Science« bzw. Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) und ihre Konsequenzen wurden lange vernachlässigt zugunsten einer Betrachtung der Probleme autonomer Waffensysteme, ihrer möglichen Regulation und der Bedeutung einer »Meaningful Human Control«. Anschließend an frühere Arbeiten diskutiere ich die Entwicklung, Architektur, die epistemische Logik und Materialität algorithmischer Kriegsführung sowie die Konsequenzen des Einsatzes fortgeschrittener KI-gestützter Entscheidungs-, Ziel- und Tötungssysteme am Beispiel des US-amerikanischen »War on Terror« und des Gazakrieges. Ich analysiere die epistemologischen und ontologischen Prämissen algorithmischer Kriegsführung und die soziotechnischen Implikationen dieser Mensch-Maschinen-Gefüge.
Die AfD als erfolgreiches rechtes Hegemonieprojekt
Authors: Eicker Jannis
Published: December 2024

Auf die Wahlerfolge der AfD reagieren die anderen Parteien mit einer Anpassung an deren Migrationspolitik. Dass dies dem Höhenflug der AfD bisher keinen Abbruch getan hat, ist nicht verwunderlich. Denn die Gründe für das Erstarken der extremen Rechten liegen nicht in einer vermeintlich zu liberalen Migrationspolitik, sondern sind unter anderem in der tiefen Verankerung neoliberaler Ideologieelemente und Politiken sowie den damit einhergehenden Frustrationen zu suchen.
KI: Die Innovation, die gar keine ist?
Authors: Geuter Jürgen
Published: December 2024

Künstliche Intelligenz reiht sich ein in eine Reihe aus technologischen Narrativen, die echte Innovation versprechen, in der Realität die damit verbundenen bedeutsamen Veränderungsprozesse allerdings keineswegs starten können. Als »leere Innovation« wirken diese Erzählungen trotzdem auf Organisationen und ihre Art, über Veränderung nachzudenken, ein: Innovation selbst ersetzt den Wert, Lösungen für reale Probleme zu entwickeln. Doch diese Verschiebung bringt hohe Kosten mit sich.
Editorial
Authors: PROKLA Redaktion
Published: December 2024

Das Thema Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) dominiert alle Debatten und der Einsatz von KI durchzieht alle Bereiche, von der Informatik bis zum Gartenbau. Diskutiert wird KI dabei sowohl als Heilsbringer als auch als Hochrisikotechnologie: Mal soll KI alle Probleme lösen, bis hin zur Klimakatastrophe, die der Energieverbrauch durch KI sogar noch verschärft; mal werden apokalyptische Szenarien aus der Science-Fiction befürchtet, bei der uns die Maschinen beherrschen könnten. In dieser umkämpften Ausgangslage geht die PROKLA der Frage nach, inwiefern die mit »Künstlicher Intelligenz« verknüpften technologischen Versprechen und Bedrohungsszenarien, die mit der Veröffentlichung von ChatGPT erneut entfacht sind, tatsächlich einen fassbaren Paradigmenwechsel darstellen oder ob der Mythos bereits abkühlt. Was sind die Hintergründe Künstlicher Intelligenz, was ihre realen Effekte und was ihre potenziellen Entwicklungen?
Kajian penggunaan madu dan sarang lebah madu oleh masyarakat Pulau Timor sebagai obat tradisional
Authors: Tukan Gerardus Diri , Nadut Anggelinus , Taek Maximus Markus , Lengary Helena Hapa , Tukan Amandha Victoria Dwiputri , Wokal Monika Woli , Lasar Maria Wilhelmina
Published: December 2024

Madu Timor merupakan salah satu komoditi hasil hutan di pulau Timor yang dikenal oleh masyarakat di luar pulau Timor sebagai salah satu jenis obat herbal. Belum banyak informasi ilmiah mengenai  penggunaan madu dan sarang lebah madu oleh masyarakat Timor. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penggunaan madu lebah dan sarang lebah madu oleh masyarakat pulau Timor, dalam kaitannya dengan penanganan kesehatahn secara tradisional. Metode penelitian yakni survei di lima kabupaten dalam wilayah Pulau Timor, dengan menggunakan angket sebagai instrumen penggalangan pendapat responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa madu lebah yang dipanen oleh masyarakat untuk dijual dan juga digunakan sebagai obat yaitu dari lebah jenis Trigona sp, Apis cerana dan Apis dorsata. Yang merupakan lebah liar. Jenis penyakit yang diobati menggunakan madu lebah yaitu: sariawan, panas dalam, mag, sakit lambung, batuk dan flu, dan penyakit dalam. Cara penggunaan yakni diminum. Sarang lebah digunakan oleh masyarakat di Timor Tengah Utara sebagai obat batuk, pilek dan penyakit dalam. Cara penggunaannya adalah sarang lebah direbus dan dikonsumsi, dapat dokonsmsi langsung atau dimasak bersama dengan sayur.
Development Of The PISA-Like Mathematics Literacy Test Based On Yogyakarta Socio-Culture
Authors: Sellanidia Antika Sari  , Rizqona Maharani  , Salvador V. Briones II
Published: December 2024

This research aims to develop a PISA-Like mathematical literacy test based on Yogyakarta socio-culture that is valid, practical and effective. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the Plomp development model. The subjects of this study were 18 students of class VIII of SMP Teladan Yogyakarta. The instruments used included validation sheets, teacher response questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and test instruments. The results of the study showed: (1) the expert validation results obtained a V-Aiken value of 0.75 with a fairly valid category, (2) There were 7 valid and reliable questions, (3) The teacher's response was very good with a score of 50.67, (4) Student responses to test questions obtained 78% of students obtained a score of 38.1 with a good to excellent category, and (5) 72% of students obtained a mathematical literacy test score with a sufficient to good category. Based on the overall data analysis, it can be concluded that the development of a mathematical literacy test instrument based on PISA-Like with the socio-cultural context of Yogyakarta is declared valid, practical, and effective for measuring the mathematical literacy of class VIII students of SMP Teladan Yogyakarta at the prediction level 3.
Pengembangan Instrumen Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum Numerasi pada Domain Data dan Ketidakpastian untuk Siswa SMP
Authors: Hayati Rohimatul , Nindiasari Hepsi
Published: December 2024

This study aims to produce valid and practical minimum competency assessment instrument. This study uses the research and development (R&D) of the ADDIE model. The subjects of this study consisted of 32 students in grades VIII SMP Negeri 1 Anyar. The instruments used consisted of expert validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and minimum competency assessment instrument. The data analysis techniques in this study are quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Based on the results of research and development of the minimum numeracy competency assessment instrument in the uncertainty and data domain for junior high schools, it was concluded that two questions were very valid, five questions were valid, and one question was invalid. Based on the power of differentiation, invalid questions can be revised or do not need to be used.  Meanwhile, the results of the student response questionnaire were obtained by 84%, meaning that it included very practical criteria with 83% for the content aspect, 80% for the construction aspect, and 90% for the language aspect. Thus, this minimum competency assessment instrument can be used in mathematics learning.
Peran Pendidikan Islam dalam Membina Kesehatan Mental Perspektif Al Qur’an
Authors: Erika A'idatun Nahar  , Saefudin Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Kesehatan mental yang optimal adalah kondisi di mana perkembangan fisik, intelektual, dan emosional seseorang mencapai tingkat terbaiknya, sejalan dengan perkembangan orang lain dalam lingkungannya. Pendidikan Islam, pada dasarnya, merupakan upaya sadar yang melibatkan pengajaran, bimbingan, dan asuhan oleh pendidik kepada peserta didik. Tujuannya adalah menciptakan perubahan agar peserta didik dapat memahami, menghayati, dan mengamalkan ajaran Islam, serta menjadikannya pedoman dalam kehidupan sehari-hari berdasarkan Al-Qur'an dan hadis. Penelitian ini memiliki fokus untuk mendalami peran pendidikan Islam dalam membina kesehatan mental berdasarkan perspektif Al-Qur'an. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah tinjauan pustaka atau studi kepustakaan, di mana semua data diperoleh dari sumber-sumber pustaka. Proses penelitian didasarkan pada pembacaan beberapa literatur yang informatif dan relevan dengan topik penelitian, serta analisis mendalam terhadap bahan-bahan literatur yang berkaitan. Fungsi utama Al-Qur'an dalam pendidikan Islam adalah menjadi referensi utama. Setiap aspek yang akan diimplementasikan dalam pendidikan Islam harus didasarkan pada isi Al-Qur'an. Islam memberikan ajaran untuk menjaga kesehatan jasmani dan rohani manusia. Oleh karena itu, perhatian terhadap faktor-faktor yang dapat mengarahkan manusia menuju kehidupan yang sehat sangat diperlukan. Al-Qur'an sebagai dasar pendidikan Islam telah memberikan banyak informasi terkait penanganan gangguan kesehatan mental, misalnya melalui praktik dzikir, puasa, kesabaran, dan lain sebagainya.
Pohon Zaqqum Menurut Tafsir al-Mishbah Karya M. Quraish Shihab
Authors: Fatih Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan yang mengandalkan data dari perpustakaan, mencakup data primer dari tafsir al-Misbah oleh M. Quraish Shihab dan data sekunder dari berbagai sumber seperti buku, jurnal, dan internet. Semua data diklasifikasi, diolah, dan dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif analitis sebelum menyimpulkan temuan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Pohon Zaqqum diidentifikasi sebagai makanan penghuni neraka, tumbuh di dasar neraka tanpa terbakar oleh api menyala-nyala. Kesimpulan lain mencakup gambaran mayang pohon Zaqqum yang menyerupai kepala setan, sebuah analogi untuk menyatakan keburukan dan menjijikkan. Penafsiran M. Quraish Shihab sejalan dengan mufassir lain seperti ar-Razi, Sayyid Thanthawi, dan Ibnu Katsir.
Potencial Terapêutico da espécie Minquartia guianensis (Aubl.): uma breve revisão
Authors: Rodrigues Larissa Castro , Rebouças Najara Priscila Batista , Santos Andrei Luiz Castro dos , Garcia Deolinda Lucienne Ferreira
Published: December 2024

Medicinal plants are elements that make up part of the biodiversity and have been widely used by various peoples and in various ways since the dawn of civilization. The Minquartia guianensis has a high relevance in the commercial sector, because its wood is widely used in the timber market in the Amazon region. However, besides this characteristic, some studies show the medicinal potential of this species.  Therefore, this study aimed to search for information about the ethnomedicinal uses used, to describe the botanical aspects, as well as to approach the main methods of extraction and the classes of secondary metabolites with their respective medicinal properties. This integrative review was carried out using databases such as SCIELO, Google Scholar, PUBMED and LILACS. The articles were searched in Portuguese and English, and most were published in the last 20 years. The survey showed the relation of the occurrence of secondary metabolites present in the species, which have antifungal, antibiotic, and anti-inflammatory potential, as well as antimalarial and leishmanicidal activities.
PROTECTION OF MIGRANTS’ RIGHTS IN MEMBER STATES OF THE LEAGUE OF ARAB STATES
Authors:   V. M. Koretsky Institute of State and Law of NAS of Ukraine, Pereverzyeva Olga
Published: December 2024

The Arab system of human rights protection in the activities of the Arab Committee on Human Rights of the League of Arab States (LAS) and the United Nations regarding the protection of migrants’ rights was studied using the example of the UAE. Ensuring the rights of migrants today is one of the most important tasks of the world community in the Arab region and is a difficult issue, given the large volume of labor migration in Arab countries. Securing the rights of migrants shows several key aspects for the Arab region: 1. Gulf countries such as Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar and Kuwait are heavily dependent on foreign labor to develop their economies. Protecting the rights of migrants is necessary to maintain the stability and efficiency of economic processes. 2. Ensuring the rights of migrants demonstrates the commitment of Arab countries to adhere to international standards in the field of human rights and promotes social justice. 3. Respecting the rights of migrants has a positive effect on the international reputation of the countries of the region, which can contribute to the attraction of investments and the development of cooperation with other states. 4. Providing decent working and living conditions for migrants helps reduce social tension and conflicts between the local population and foreign workers. 5. The cooperation of the Arab Committee for the Protection of Human Rights (AHRD) with the UN, ILO and non-governmental organizations in ensuring the rights of migrants shows the openness of the countries of the region to international support and joint efforts in solving migration problems. The article analyses the activities of the Arab Committee for the Protection of Human Rights (AHRC), as well as the position of the OAU regarding the formation of international mechanisms for the protection of migrants’ rights.

Key words: Human Rights; International Law; International standards, League of Arab States; Arab Committee for the Protection of Human Rights; United Nations; International Organization for Migration; Organization of Islamic Cooperation; migrants; modern Islamic concept of Human Rights; Global Compact on Safe; Orderly and Regular Migration; rights of women and children.
INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND DEVELOPMENT ISSUES IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Sumy State University, Khomutenko Lyudmila , Tupikina Anastasiia ,   Sumy State University
Published: December 2024

Intellectual capital (IC) plays a key role in creating competitive advantages and stimulating innovative development of economies and organizations. Internationally, there are many successful examples of IC management that can serve as a model for other countries, and their experience emphasizes the importance of a systematic approach to intellectual capital management. Ukraine, which has significant potential in the field of intellectual capital due to its high level of education and numerous scientific institutions, still faces a number of challenges that slow down its technological and economic development. Therefore, it is important to identify the main problems of managing and protecting Ukraine’s IC by analysing the state and dynamics of its main components in order to further develop recommendations for overcoming challenges and improving the efficiency of public administration. At the present stage, intellectual capital is extremely important for securing competitive advantages and promoting innovative development. In particular, in the context of globalization and rapid technological change, where knowledge and skills are becoming key assets. The study showed that Ukraine has a great potential for IC development, but the country faces challenges such as insufficient funding for innovation, weak mechanisms for monetizing scientific developments, and inefficient intellectual property management. A study of international experience has shown that successful intellectual capital management strategies include integrated approaches. In order to develop intellectual capital in Ukraine, it is recommended to improve the legislation on intellectual property protection, increase investments in research and development, and create favourable conditions for innovation and technological entrepreneurship. The results obtained can serve as a basis for further research in the field of intellectual capital management, its development and impact on innovation activity.
Internationale Wissenschaftler/innen auf dem Weg zur Professur an deutschen Universitäten
Authors: Jaudzims Susanne , Oberschelp Axel
Published: December 2024

Der Beitrag analysiert den Weg internationaler Wissenschaftler/innen zur Professur an deutschen Universitäten. Auf diesem Weg machen die internationalen Wissenschaftler/innen unterschiedliche Erfahrungen. Als durchgehend positiv werden die Informations- und Beratungsangebote, die Forschungsunterstützung, aber auch das Sozial-, Bildungs- und Gesundheitssystem, das persönliche Umfeld und die Lebensqualität bewertet. Positive wie negative Erfahrungen haben sie in Bezug auf Unterstützung des/der Lebenspartner/in, Familienfreundlichkeit, soziale und akademische Integration sowie Willkommenskultur gemacht. Probleme ergeben sich für sie dagegen vor allem durch intransparente Berufungsverfahren, fehlende Mehrsprachigkeit an der Hochschule und im Alltag, eine nicht zufriedenstellende Wohnsituation und Handlungsweisen der Ausländerbehörde.
ЛЮДСЬКИЙ КАПІТАЛ ЯК КЛЮЧОВИЙ ФАКТОР СТІЙКОЇ БІЗНЕС-МОДЕЛІ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА
Authors: Паламарюк Т.С.
Published: December 2024

Досліджено роль людського капіталу у розробці стійкої бізнес-моделі підприємництва. Висвітлено необхідність належного оцінювання та ефективного використання людського капіталу на етапі розвитку стартапів і бізнес-моделей у сучасному динамічному цифровому середовищі. Окреслено вплив людського капіталу на економічний розвиток, інновації та соціальний розвиток. Показано зв’язок між розвитком людського капіталу та зростанням фінансових результатів суб’єктів підприємництва, а також досягненні вищих соціальних цілей. Виокремлено важливі аспекти успішної реалізації людського капіталу, такі як трансфер знань, інтрапідприємництво, розвиток корпоративної культури та адаптивність до ринкових змін. Особливу увагу приділено ролі людського капіталу у забезпеченні довгострокової конкурентоспроможності бізнесу.
РОЛЬ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПЛАТІЖНИХ ПОСЛУГ
Authors: Ковальчук Т.Г.
Published: December 2024

У статті досліджено процес глобалізації світової економіки, що сприяє розвитку інформатизації у сфері платіжних послуг, поширенню інформаційних технологій та розширенню доступу до них для підприємств та споживачів послуг у різних країнах світу, розглянуто основні платіжні системи та визначено їх переваги і недоліки, виявлено технології, які забезпечують узгоджену взаємодію учасників ринку. Особливу увагу звернено на сегмент роздрібних платіжних послуг глобального ринку, де використовується широкий спектр різноманітних платіжних інструментів і засобів, які постійно удосконалюються, приймають нові форми і адаптуються під різні пристрої. Обґрунтовано, що впровадження нових технологій у всі сфери міжнародного бізнесу призводить до формування нових мережевих інтегрованих структур та веде до трансформації ринку платіжних послуг.