bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilişim Çağında ‘Gençlik, Din ve Değer’ Konularını Ele Alan Makaleler Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: KURTTEKİN Fatma
Published: September 2021

İnternet ve akıllı telefonların özellikle pandemiyle birlikte artan kullanımları bireyleri farklı platformlarda daha fazla vakit geçirmeye yöneltmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalarda bireylerin özellikle gençlerin bilgiye erişimi kolaylaştıran Google gibi arama motorlarının yanında Facebook (Fb), Instagram, Twitter gibi dijital medya platformlarını aktif şekilde kullandıkları ortaya konulmuştur. Öyle ki, gençlerin dillerinden düşürmediği “Molla Google” ve “Hazreti Google” ifadeleri internetin gençler arasında yaygın kullanımına işaret etmektedir. Ancak, bilişim çağının getirdiği kitle iletişim araçlarının sunduğu imkanların her daim olumlu ve doğru kullanılabildiğini söylemek mümkün değildir. Nitekim değerlere yüklenebilen yeni anlamlar, özellikle değerlerdeki değişim ve dejenerasyonda sanal âlemin etkisinin boyutu nedir sorusu zihinleri meşgul etmektedir. Dolayısıyla son yıllarda gençlerde dikkat çeken bu değişimin yol açtığı değerlerle özdeşleşme problemi araştırmalarda dikkat çeken konulardan biridir. Gençlerin aileleri ve çevreleriyle ilişkilerinin zayıflayıp asosyalleştikleri aynı zamanda sanal alemde sosyalleştikleri; saygı, sevgi, hoşgörü gibi değerlerin sarsıldığı tartışılmaktadır. Bu açıdan çalışmada sanal alemin sunduğu içeriklerin gençlerin değer algılarına yönelik etkilerini konu edinen araştırmalar analiz edilmiştir. Literatür taraması yöntemiyle son on yıllık süreçte (2010-2020) DergiPark sisteminde yayınlanan gençlik, internet, din ve değer konulu 26 makale din eğitimi perspektifinden incelenmiştir. Ele alınan çalışmaların neredeyse tamamı (biri hariç) nitel ve nicel veriler sunan saha araştırmalarıdır. Söz konusu yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda gençlik, din, değer ve dijital medya ilişkisinde dini amaçlı dijital medya kullanımı, ötekileştirme, sevgi-nefret-siber zorbalık, mahremiyet değerlerinin yanında internet bağımlılığı gibi sorunların irdelendiği görülmüştür. Mevcut veriler benzerlik ve farklılıklarına göre oluşturulan “gençlik, din ve dijital medya” ve “gençlik, değerler ve dijital medya” olarak iki tema altında değerlendirilmiştir. Dijital medyanın sınırları kaldıran yapısı gençlerin değer algı ve hiyerarşisini etkilemekte bilgi kirliğinin yanında bir rekabet ve seçim ortamı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaların sonucunda dijital medyanın sunduğu imkanların değer algı düzeylerinde dalgalanmalara yol açabileceğine dair bulgular ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bağlamda eğitim ve eğlenceyi bir araya getiren teknolojik araçların denetim problemi, güvenlik riskleri ve yanlış bilgilenmenin yol açabileceği hatalı öğrenmelerin yanında pornografi, şiddet ve kötü alışkanlıkların normalleştirildiği imge ve reklamlara maruz kalınabilmesi psikolojik, sosyal, bilhassa dini ve ahlaki birçok probleme sebep olabilmektedir. Dolayısıyla değer dejenerasyonu karşısında daha net tespit edecek yeni çalışmalara ve gençleri bu problem karşısında daha iyi bilinçlendirecek Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi (DKAB) ders içeriklerine ihtiyaç duyulduğu söylenebilir.
Türkiye’de Karadeniz Bölgesi’nden sıra dışı bir Yusufçuk kaydı: Selysiothemis nigra (Insecta: Odonata)
Authors: MİROĞLU Ali
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de dağılımı bilinen Selysiothemis nigra’nın bölgesel olarak ilginç bir kaydı verilmiştir. Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde bulunan Samsun İli’nden iki tane dişi örnek toplanmış ve birçok erkek ve dişi örnek gözlenmiştir. Bu tür Karadeniz Bölgesi için yeni kayıttır. Ayrıca bu kayıt, Türkiye’de türün bilinen dağılımına ve türün bölgedeki göç rotasına yeni veriler sağlamaktadır.
StelNet: Hierarchical Neural Network for Automatic Inference in Stellar Characterization
Authors: Garraffo Cecilia , Protopapas Pavlos , Drake Jeremy J. , Becker Ignacio , Cargile Phillip
Published: September 2021

Characterizing the fundamental parameters of stars from observations is crucial for studying the stars themselves, their planets, and the galaxy as a whole. Stellar evolution theory predicting the properties of stars as a function of stellar age and mass enables translating observables into physical stellar parameters by fitting the observed data to synthetic isochrones. However, the complexity of overlapping evolutionary tracks often makes this task numerically challenging, and with a precision that can be highly variable, depending on the area of the parameter space the observation lies in. This work presents StelNet, a Deep Neural Network trained on stellar evolutionary tracks that quickly and accurately predicts mass and age from absolute luminosity and effective temperature for stars with close-to-solar metallicity. The underlying model makes no assumption on the evolutionary stage and includes the pre-main-sequence phase. We use bootstrapping and train many models to quantify the uncertainty of the model. To break the model’s intrinsic degeneracy resulting from overlapping evolutionary paths, we also built a hierarchical model that retrieves realistic posterior probability distributions of the stellar mass and age. We further test and train StelNet using a sample of stars with well-determined masses and ages from the literature.
Improve the Search of Very Metal-poor Stars Using the Deep Learning Method
Authors: Xie Jianhang , Bu Yude , Liang Junchao , Li Haining , Wang Xilu , Pan Jingchang
Published: September 2021

Very metal-poor (VMP) stars have [Fe/H] < −2.0 dex. They are among the oldest stars in the universe, and their unique metallicity can help explore the enrichment mechanism and evolutionary history of the chemical elements of stars in the early universe. However, most current stellar parameter estimation methods do not perform well in determining the stellar parameters of VMP stars, which limits our ability to discover and exploit the properties of VMP stars. In this study, we propose a new model based on a convolutional neural network to determine the stellar atmospheric parameters of VMP stars. We tested our model on the LAMOST spectra; our model can determine the effective temperature (T
eff), surface gravity (log g), metallicity ([Fe/H]), and carbon abundance ([C/Fe]) of the LAMOST spectra with precisions σ(T
eff) = 134.82 K,

σ
(
log

g
)

= 0.33 dex, σ ([Fe/H]) = 0.20 dex, and σ([C/Fe]) = 0.35 dex. Furthermore, our model can distinguish VMP stars from normal stars with an accuracy of 88.65%. We also compared this model with other widely used methods, and found that this method performs better than other methods. It can be applied to the stellar parameter pipelines of upcoming large surveys such as 4MOST, WEAVES, and MOONS to search for VMP stars and identify carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars.
How Temporal Symmetry Defines Morphology in BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Pulse Light Curves
Authors: Hakkila Jon
Published: September 2021

We present compelling evidence that most gamma-ray burst (GRB) pulse light curves can be characterized by a smooth single-peaked component coupled with a more complex emission structure that is temporally symmetric around the time of the pulse peak. The model successfully fits 86% of Burst and Transient Source Experiment GRB pulses bright enough for structural properties to be measured. Surprisingly, a GRB pulse’s light-curve morphology can be accurately predicted by the pulse asymmetry and the stretching/compression needed to align the structural components preceding the temporal mirror with the time-reversed components following it. Such a prediction is only possible because GRB pulses exhibit temporal symmetry. Time-asymmetric pulses include fast rise exponential decays, rollercoaster pulses, and asymmetric u-pulses, while time-symmetric pulses include u-pulses and crowns. Each morphological type is characterized by specific asymmetries, stretching parameters, durations, and alignments between the smooth and structured components, and a delineation in the asymmetry/stretching distribution suggests that symmetric pulses and asymmetric pulses may belong to separate populations. Furthermore, pulses belonging to the short GRB class exhibit similar morphologies to the long GRB class, but appear to simply occur on shorter timescales.
Dynamo Model for North–South Asymmetry of Solar Activity
Authors: Kitchatinov Leonid , Khlystova Anna
Published: September 2021

Observations reveal a relatively small but statistically significant north–south (NS) asymmetry in sunspot activity varying on a timescale of several solar cycles. This paper proposes a dynamo model for the phenomenon of long-term NS asymmetry. The model separates dynamo equations for magnetic fields of dipolar and quadrupolar equatorial parity. The NS asymmetry results from the superposition of dipolar and quadrupolar fields. Model computations confirm the formerly proposed excitation of the quadrupolar dynamo mode by a dominant dipolar mode mediated by the equator-symmetric fluctuations in the α-effect as a mechanism for the long-term NS asymmetry. An analytically solvable example of oscillations excited by short-term random forcing is given to justify the numerical result of NS asymmetry coherent on a timescale of several (about six in the present model) solar cycles resulting from random variations in the α-effect on a timescale of one solar rotation. The model computations show the phase-locking phenomenon of dipolar and quadrupolar fields oscillating predominantly in phase (northern type asymmetry) or in antiphase (southern type asymmetry) with relatively short irregular transitions between these two states. Large asymmetry in the simulated Grand minima is found and explained by weak magnetic quenching of the α-effect during the minima. The possibility of polar field asymmetry in activity minima as a precursor of sunspot asymmetry in the following activity cycles is discussed based on the dynamo model and observations.
Relation of Cyclotron Resonant Energy and Luminosity in a Strongly Magnetized Neutron Star GRO J1008-57 Observed by Insight-HXMT
Authors: Chen X. , Wang W. , Tang Y. M. , Ding Y. Z. , Tuo Y. L. , Mushtukov A. A. , Nishimura O. , Zhang S. N. , Ge M. Y. , Song L. M. , Lu F. J. , Zhang S. , Qu J. L.
Published: September 2021

Cyclotron line scattering features are detected in a few tens of X-ray pulsars (XRPs) and used as direct indicators of a strong magnetic field at the surface of accreting neutron stars (NSs). In a few cases, cyclotron lines are known to be variable with the accretion luminosity of XRPs. It is accepted that the observed variations of cyclotron line scattering features are related to variations of geometry and dynamics of accretion flow above the magnetic poles of an NS. A positive correlation between the line centroid energy and luminosity is typical for subcritical XRPs, where the accretion results in hot spots at the magnetic poles. The negative correlation was proposed to be a specific feature of bright supercritical XRPs, where radiation pressure supports accretion columns above the stellar surface. The cyclotron line in the spectra of the Be-transient XRP GRO J1008-57 is detected at energies from ∼75 to 90 keV, the highest observed energy of a cyclotron line feature in XRPs. We report the peculiar relation of cyclotron line centroid energies with luminosity in GRO J1008-57 during the Type II outburst in 2017 August observed by Insight-HXMT. The cyclotron line energy was detected to be negatively correlated with the luminosity at 3.2 × 1037 erg s−1 < L < 4.2 × 1037 erg s−1 and positively correlated at L ≳ 5 × 1037 erg s−1. We speculate that the observed peculiar behavior of a cyclotron line would be due to variations of accretion channel geometry.
Pratiques écosophiques et restauration de la Cité subjective
Authors: Guattari Félix
Published: September 2021

Ce texte de Félix Guattari, paru en 1992 dans la revue Chimères 1 , se situe dans le prolongement de son petit livre fondateur sur Les trois écologies qui donne corps au concept d’écosophie. Avec une attention particulière aux métamorphoses de la ville et au pouvoir transformateur de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme, la soumission de l’individu aux disciplines urbaines, au salariat et à la logique du profit est contestée par la mise en exergue d’un mouvement de réappropriation qui pratique le nomadisme sauvage par la déterritorialisation, resingularise les subjectivités individuelles et collectives, et refinalise les activités humaines en inventant de nouvelles valeurs, solidaires, esthétiques et écologistes, en un mot écosophiques.
Comment se frayer des chemins possibles ?
Authors: 3.2.1  , Hors Gabarit  , Les Archiminots
Published: September 2021

Au croisement de plusieurs disciplines comme l’éducation populaire, la pédagogie sociale, l’art et l’architecture, trois associations expérimentent la place de l’enfant, du jeu et plus en général de la création collective comme éléments libérateurs et d’épanouissement. Agissant hors-cadre, elles impliquent des populations de quartier qui se réapproprient le territoire avec pour effet, entre autres, de sécuriser autrement des espaces publics qui, délaissés par leur inhospitalité et réduits à lieux de passage, ne sont pas ou ne sont plus des espaces de rencontre.
Revitalisation rurale, monnaie locale et revenu d’autonomie
Authors: Bosqué Frédéric
Published: September 2021

TERA, que nous présente l’initiateur du projet, est une association qui s’emploie à mettre sur pied un « écosystème coopératif territorial » en milieu rural avec la visée de promouvoir des activités de production dans le cadre de la transition écologique. La production locale de biens vitaux, la distribution en circuit court, la création d’une monnaie locale, la distribution d’un revenu d’autonomie et une gouvernance partagée sont à la base du projet qui se met en place, avec la participation d’une cinquantaine d’habitants-coopérateurs, dans des communes du Lot-et-Garonne placées en Zone de revitalisation rurale.
Un lieu commun et un lieu de convivialité
Authors: Tavernier Julie , Bourrel Clémentine
Published: September 2021

Atelier Z se définit comme un tiers-lieu rural et littoral pour faire, coopérer et innover. À la fois lieu de vie, de rencontres, d’ateliers et d’événements festifs, Atelier Z écrit son histoire au fil des désirs et des projets de ses membres. Il se distingue aussi par une façon singulière d’allier le faire à la réflexion, le recours à la low-tech et le souci esthétique. Les autrices, deux nouvelles venues dans le collectif, ont recueilli la parole des membres pour donner corps à un texte polyphonique sur ce qui fait commun, mais aussi sur les combats des un·e·s et des autres, la pluralité des parcours et des motivations à fréquenter le lieu, et surtout sur les résonances pour chacun·e des « trois écologies » posées par Félix Guattari.
Le livre aussi a ses trois écologies
Authors: Association pour l’écologie du livr
Published: September 2021

À quoi ressembleront les livres dans l’avenir ? C’est dans l’agencement de trois écologies (l’écologie matérielle, sociale et symbolique) que l’Association pour l’écologie du livre, née en 2019 en vue de sensibiliser l’interprofession aux enjeux de l’écologie, imagine un futur désirable et possible pour le livre. Nous avons sollicité sa contribution, et notre invitation a été très bien accueillie par ses animateur·trice·s. Cependant, étant donné les difficultés liées à la crise sanitaire en cours, l’association a renoncé à envisager une écriture collective nouvelle, comme Anaïs Massola et Marin Schaffner nous l’ont expliqué dans le courriel ici reproduit avec leur accord. Nous avons donc choisi de publier à sa suite « Les trois écologies du livre », manifeste de l’association, ainsi que « La Communale », une écofiction réalisée dans le cadre d’un atelier d’écriture auquel ont participé plusieurs membres de l’association.
Le territoire comme soutien à l’innovation dans les pôles de compétitivité : vers une attractivité territoriale durable
Authors: Peres Raphaële
Published: September 2021

En 2004, la France lance une nouvelle politique industrielle pour faire face à une économie de plus en plus concurrentielle. Elle se positionne pour mettre en relation les territoires, les innovations et l’industrie via le rapprochement d’acteurs hétérogènes locaux. Cette politique publique souhaite mobiliser l’innovation via la proximité des acteurs qui facilite la naissance de projets collaboratifs. De plus, la concentration d’acteurs sur un même territoire permet une visibilité à l’échelle internationale, qui peut être source d’attractivité. Enfin, l’ancrage territorial des membres des pôles peut être considéré comme un frein aux délocalisations. À travers cette définition, nous nous apercevons que ces réseaux ont été construits en s’appuyant sur le territoire. En effet, ils représentent un instrument de l’action publique en matière de développement économique local. C’est en prenant en considération le territoire d’un point de vue diachronique et en mobilisant la gouvernance territoriale que les pôles de compétitivité peuvent être considérés comme des systèmes régionaux d’innovation. Grâce à une méthodologie qualitative et des entretiens semi-directifs menés dans deux pôles de la Région Sud, nous proposons de mettre en évidence la prise en compte du territoire et la perspective durable des pôles de compétitivité à travers l’innovation sociale et l’attractivité territoriale durable.
Le lycée professionnel dominé et déqualifié
Authors: Depoilly Séverine
Published: September 2021

Le lycée professionnel fait régulièrement l’objet de tentatives de revalorisation par les pouvoirs politiques. Or toutes les filières professionnelles n’offrent pas les mêmes horizons, selon qu’elles préparent ou non à des métiers socialement valorisés. Ce texte met l’accent sur le bac pro Soins et services à la personne et aux territoires (SAPAT), très majoritairement féminin, et montre que cette formation ne se limite pas à entériner la division socio-sexuelle des tâches et du travail. Elle participe activement à sa production du fait du maintien dans l’invisibilité des compétences professionnelles pourtant effectivement transmises et apprises en formation.
Les « ABCD de l’égalité », cas d’école de racialisation du sexisme
Authors: Massei Simon
Published: September 2021

Les actions de lutte contre le sexisme à l’école tendent à se concentrer sur les classes populaires racisées. En partant de l’exemple de l’expérimentation des « ABCD de l’égalité », cet article interroge les ressorts de la racialisation de l’antisexisme scolaire aujourd’hui et examine les transformations de la politique d’éducation à l’égalité entre les sexes en France depuis les années 1970.
Galerkin spectral method for elliptic optimal control problem with $L^2$-norm control constraint
Authors: Tao Zhen-Zhen , Sun Bing
Published: September 2021

This paper is concerned with the Galerkin spectral approximation of an optimal control problem governed by the elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs). Its objective functional depends on the control variable governed by the \begin{document}$ L^2 $\end{document}-norm constraint. The optimality conditions for both the optimal control problem and its corresponding spectral approximation problem are given, successively. Thanks to some lemmas and the auxiliary systems, a priori error estimates of the Galerkin spectral approximation problem are established in detail. Moreover, a posteriori error estimates of the spectral approximation problem are also investigated, which include not only \begin{document}$ H^1 $\end{document}-norm error for the state and co-state but also \begin{document}$ L^2 $\end{document}-norm error for the control, state and costate. Finally, three numerical examples are executed to demonstrate the errors decay exponentially fast.
Asymptotic (statistical) periodicity in two-dimensional maps
Authors: Nakamura Fumihiko , Mackey Michael C.
Published: September 2021

In this paper we give a new sufficient condition for the existence of asymptotic periodicity of Frobenius–Perron operators corresponding to two–dimensional maps. Asymptotic periodicity for strictly expanding systems, that is, all eigenvalues of the system are greater than one, in a high-dimensional dynamical system was already known. Our new result enables one to deal with systems having an eigenvalue smaller than one. The key idea for the proof is to use a function of bounded variation defined by line integration. Finally, we introduce a new two-dimensional dynamical system numerically exhibiting asymptotic periodicity with different periods depending on parameter values, and discuss the application of our theorem to the example.
Observability estimate for the parabolic equations with inverse square potential
Authors: Zheng Guojie ,   College of Digital Technology and Engineering, Ningbo University of Finance  &  Economics, Ningbo, 315175, China, Ma Baolin ,   College of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China,   School of Mathematical Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates an observability estimate for the parabolic equations with inverse square potential in a $ C^2 $ bounded domain $ \Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^d $, which contains $ 0 $. The observation region is a product set of a subset $ E\subset(0, T] $ with positive measure and a non-empty open subset $ \omega\subset\Omega $ with $ 0\notin\omega $. We build up this estimate by a delicate result in measure theory in [7] and the Lebeau-Robbiano strategy.
Global dynamics of alcoholism epidemic model with distributed delays
Authors: Djillali Salih ,   Faculty of Exact and Computer Sciences, Mathematic Department, Hassiba Benbouali university, Chlef, Algeria, Bentout Soufiane , Touaoula Tarik Mohammed , Tridane Abdessamad ,   Laboratoire d'Analyse Non Linéaire et Mathématiques Appliquées, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria,   Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University Ain Temouchent, Belhadj Bouchaib, BP 284 RP, 46000, Algeria,   Department of Mathematics, University of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen,   Department of Mathematical Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, UAE
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to investigate the global dynamics of an alcoholism epidemic model with distributed delays. The main feature of this model is that it includes the effect of the social pressure as a factor of drinking. As a result, our global stability is obtained without a "basic reproduction number" nor threshold condition. Hence, we prove that the alcohol addiction will be always uniformly persistent in the population. This means that the investigated model has only one positive equilibrium, and it is globally asymptotically stable independent on the model parameters. This result is shown by proving that the unique equilibrium is locally stable, and the global attraction is shown using Lyapunov direct method.
A model of hepatitis B virus with random interference infection rate
Authors: Li Dong-Me ,   College of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China, Chai Bing , Wang Qi ,   Heilongjiang Hospital, Harbin 150036, China
Published: September 2021

According to the mechanism of drug inhibition of hepatitis B virus and the analysis of clinical data, it is found that random factors in long-term treatment produced uncertainty and resistance to hepatitis B virus infection rate, a model of hepatitis B virus with random interference infection rate is established. By constructing Lyapunov function and using Ito's formula, it is proved that the stochastic hepatitis B model has a unique global positive solution. The sufficient conditions for the asymptotic behavior of solution are given. The relationship between noise intensity and oscillation amplitude is obtained. The effects of noise intensity on the asymptotic behavior of the model and antiviral therapy are simulated, and the conclusion of the theorem is verified. An interesting phenomenon is also found that with the increase of noise intensity, the number of drug-resistant viruses will decrease, which will affect the accuracy of a single test of HBV DNA. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the frequency and interval of tests.
De situ Iliturgi, análisis arqueológico de su asedio en el contexto de la segunda guerra púnica
Authors: Bellón Ruiz Juan Pedro , Lechuga Chica Miguel Ángel , Rueda Galán Carmen , Moreno Padilla María Isabel , Quesada Sanz Fernando , Molinos Molinos Manuel , Ruiz Rodríguez Arturo , García-Bellido M.ª Paz , Nieto-Márquez Irene Ortiz , Vallés Iriso Javier
Published: September 2021

El desarrollo del Proyecto “Metodología para el estudio arqueológico de campos de batalla y asedios de la segunda guerra púnica: Iliturgi, Castulo y Metauro (207-206 a. n. e.)” tiene entre sus principales objetivos la puesta en práctica de estrategias de análisis arqueológico destinadas a la investigación de la segunda guerra púnica, tratando de diferenciar contextos en campos de batalla, como el caso estudiado de Baecula, y asedios, para lo cual se escogió el caso práctico de contrastación y experimentación de Iliturgi, por Escipión el Africano, en el 206 a. n. e. Los trabajos de fotointerpretación, modelado digital del terreno, prospección geofísica y prospección y excavación arqueológica, unidos a una revisión crítica de los antecedentes historiográficos y arqueológicos referentes a los textos clásicos que narran el papel destacado de Iliturgi en la segunda guerra púnica, nos conducen a proponer una localización distinta para este oppidum del Alto Guadalquivir, tradicionalmente situado en Cerro Maquiz. Planteamos que esta ciudad debe situarse en dos emplazamientos distintos: en el Cerro de la Muela, entre los siglos VI y III a. n. e. y en Cerro Maquiz, a partir del siglo II a. n. e., formando parte, en todo caso, de un mismo proceso histórico.
Articuler construction des savoirs, pratiques écrites et orales au lycée : le rôle du débat interprétatif délibératif en classe de français
Authors: Rossignol Marie-France , Marin Brigitte
Published: September 2021

Préconisé dans les curricula scolaires depuis une dizaine d’années, le genre oral du débat peine à s’installer en tant que pratique de classe régulière, notamment au lycée : sa scolarisation est fragilisée par la contamination de pratiques sociales de référence peu fructueuses en termes d’apprentissage, telles celles du débat médiatique. Pourtant, le débat ne manque pas d’atouts, en particulier dans la classe de français : articulé aux enjeux épistémologiques disciplinaires, adossé à des pratiques sociales de référence plus modélisantes, inscrit dans une pratique de classe régulée et récurrente, il permet de développer de nombreux champs de compétences dans un cadre tendant à neutraliser chez les élèves les effets différenciateurs. Notre article montre, à partir de l’analyse d’une séance prototypique de débat interprétatif délibératif en classe de seconde, comment le dispositif crée un espace de parole sécurisé, collaboratif, et encourage chez les lycéens l’adoption d’une posture réflexive propice aux apprentissages, notamment dans les domaines dialogique et interactionnel. L’activité cognitive visée ne permet pas la réalisation de tous les objectifs d’apprentissage initiaux, ambitieux ; mais elle contribue à stabiliser chez la plupart des élèves, sur un mode plus égalitaire, des savoirs et des savoir-faire disciplinaires et transversaux : elle développe notamment des compétences de lecture littéraire plus expertes ainsi que des compétences sociales et civiques révélatrices du processus de construction identitaire de chacun au sein du groupe-classe.
Comment les étudiants en formation à l’enseignement pensent-ils l’aide aux élèves en difficulté ?
Authors: Breithaupt Sandrine
Published: September 2021

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche menée en formation initiale (3ème et dernière année de la formation) à l’enseignement primaire vaudois (en Suisse). Elle vise à comprendre comment les futurs enseignants perçoivent les élèves en difficulté, plus spécifiquement, ce qu’ils évoquent lorsqu’ils mentionnent les difficultés d’apprentissage des élèves et, pour terminer, ce qu’ils envisagent comme aide aux élèves en difficulté. Les résultats montrent que les étudiants focalisent leur attention sur trois catégories de représentations de la difficulté, les « aspects conceptuels », les « attitudes et comportements observables », les « aspects motivationnels et cognitifs ». Pour répondre aux difficultés, deux interventions sont privilégiées, la mise en place d’un suivi psychologique et le placement des élèves dans un petit groupe hors de la classe.
'He moved then?’: The management of worry-indicative information requests in moderate and high-risk fetal ultrasounds
Authors: Frezza Minéia , Ostermann Ana Cristina
Published: September 2021

The present study analyzes video-recorded fetal ultrasound scans held in a moderate and high-risk pregnancy ward at a Brazilian public hospital. Informed by Multimodal Conversation Analysis (Mondada, 2018), it investigates the ethnomethods participants employ to manage worry-indicative concerns whose presentation is initiated by pregnant women in a medical exam that does not typically comprise a specific phase for that (Nishizaka, 2010, 2011b, 2014). The analysis shows that pregnant women orient to three environments to request worry-indicative information: (i) topic, (ii) image, (iii) phase transition, tailoring the design of their requests to each particular environment. The findings reveal that pregnant women are highly agentive in finding optimal opportunities to raise their concerns and to mobilize health professionals to respond to them. The physicians performing the scans respond to those requests while dealing with the contingencies inherent to the context of fetal ultrasounds and that have implications in attending to the requests. The results unveil the interplay between the pregnant women’s ethnomethods of raising concerns where ‘normality’ is constantly at stake and the health professionals’ ethnomethods in attending to those demands while orchestrating the distinct semiotic resources involved in the multiactivity setting of ultrasound scans.
O uso da técnica do mata-leão em abordagem policial: um estudo multimodal de fala-em-interação
Authors: Velasco Amanda Dinucci Almeida Bühler , De Oliveira Maria do Carmo Leite , Gago Paulo Cortes
Published: September 2021

O uso ético da força em abordagens policiais tem recebido cada vez mais destaque na discussão sobre a violência policial no Brasil e no mundo. Neste artigo, examinamos, à luz da Análise da Conversa Multimodal (ACM), um vídeo postado no YouTube que registra o emprego da técnica de imobilização conhecida popularmente como mata-leão. Os resultados demonstram que a tomada de decisão do uso da força é um processo interpretativo, coconstruído interacionalmente. Considerando-se os protocolos institucionais oficiais sobre o uso progressivo da força, a videoanálise indica adiantamento de condutas corporificadas de coerção dos policiais. Revela também modelos culturais postos em ação na conduta policial. Assim, reivindicamos a relevância dos conhecimentos interacionais como nova chave analítica para se entender a tomada de decisão policial e o uso progressivo da força, destacando-se seu potencial para a formação policial. 
Palavras-chave: Análise da Conversa Multimodal; Mata-leão; Violência Policial.
Utilization of Talc as a Nucleating Agent in Poly(Lactic Acid) and Poly(Butylene Succinate) Blend
Authors: Petchwattana Nawadon , Promsuk Kittisak , Rabuepin Junnapat , Siangdang Phoempol
Published: September 2021

In this paper, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was modified with poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and talc to obtain PLA formulation with good toughness and high crystallization rate. PBS was added as a toughening agent at 40wt% and talc was added as a nucleating agent from 2 to 10wt%. Experimental results showed that both the tensile modulus and strength of PLA significantly decreased with the presence of PBS. Both values were found to notably increase with talc concentration and reached the maximum value at 8wt%. The tensile elongation at break was found to remarkably increase with PBS blending. However, it was linearly dropped with talc addition. Thermal test results also indicated the faster crystallization rate with the decreased crystallization temperature (Tc) and increased degree of crystallinity (Xc), by more than four times, when talc was added at least 4wt%. The isothermal crystallization half-time (t1/2) was applied to provide the data for injection molding process. The results showed that neat PLA required more than 25 min to obtain its half crystallinity. Minimum t1/2 of 3.45 min was obtained when talc was added to PLA/PBS at 8wt%. Heat distortion temperature (HDT) was also found to increase from 56.8 (neat PLA) to 97.2°C (8wt% talc). Based on the experimental results, the optimum talc concentration was 8wt% which provided the highest crystallization rate and thermal stability. The practical application of this formulation is for the biodegradable injection molding products.
Modeling and Simulation of Tissue Spheroids Fusion Based on the Function Representation Approach
Authors: Pakhomova Catherine , Pasko Alexander , Akhatov Iskander
Published: September 2021

Mathematical modeling for 3D bioprinting allows us to avoid widespread errors and also time and financial losses. It is necessary for such critical processes as tissue spheroids fusion and diffusion of nutrients in them. The reason is that tissue spheroids fusion is the base of the 3D bioprinting technology. In this work, we propose an approach for tissue spheroids fusion modeling considering a need to compromise between fidelity of the geometric form and viability of the whole bioconstruct.
Data Analysis of the Effect of Onion, Glycine and Cassava Additives on the Coating Performance of Zn Electrodeposition on Plain Carbon Steel
Authors: Loto Roland Tolulope , Loto Cleophas Akintoye , Egileoniso Joel
Published: September 2021

Data analysis of the coating performance of Zn electrodeposited plain carbon steel in 0.5 M HCl solution at specific volume addition (5 ml, 10 ml and 15 ml) of onion, glycine and cassava (ON, GY and CS) distillate additives, and at plating time of 15 and 18 mins with respect to 538 h of observation time was performed. Analytical outputs showed ON distillate most effectively improved the Zn electrodeposited by 14% at 10 ml volume and plating time of 15 mins. GY and CS distillate generally improved the Zn electrodeposited at all volumes and plating time with optimal values of 42.7% and 45.7% at 15 ml and plating times of 15 and 18 mins. Generally, coating performance varied significantly with observation time, but marginally with plating time and additive volume. The standard deviation values for onion additive showed significant variation from mean values due to relative thermodynamic instability of it coating performance with respect to observation time. This contrast the output observed for GY and CS additives which signifies thermodynamic equilibrium. The proportion of coating performance data above 10% improvement for the additives are (ON, GY and CS) are 32%, 85% and 78% at margin of error of 11.8%, 9.04% and 10.42%. Analysis of variance showed ON and GY additive volume only, influenced the coating performance output of the additives at 64.56% and 74.67% while CS additive volume and observation time influenced the coating performance output of CS at values of 91.18% and 3.27%.
Energy Dissipation in Viscoelastic Multilayered Inhomogeneous Beam Structures: An Analytical Study
Authors: Rizov Victor Iliev
Published: September 2021

The present work is concerned with analysis of the dissipated energy in viscoelastic multilayered inhomogeneous beam structure. The layers of the beam are continuously inhomogeneous along the thickness. The Maxwell mechanical model is used for treating the viscoelastic behaviour of the beam. The moduli of elasticity and the coefficients of viscosity vary continuously along the thickness of each layer. The dissipated energy is obtained by integrating of the unit dissipated energy in the volume of the beam. A parametric investigation of the dissipated energy is carried-out by applying the solution derived in order to evaluate the influence of various factors.
On the Analysis of Damping in Elastic-plastic Inhomogeneous Beams
Authors: Rizov Victor Iliev
Published: September 2021

This paper describes an analytical approach for analyzing of the total damping energy for a continuously inhomogeneous elastic-plastic beam structure subjected to cyclic axial forces. The mechanical behaviour of the material is treated by using a cyclic stress-strain curve of the Ramberg-Osgood form. The beam cross-section is a rectangle. The material properties are distributed continuously along the height of the beam cross-section. The unit damping energy is integrated in the beam volume in order to derive the total damping energy. The analytical solution obtained is applied to carry-out a parametric study of the total damping energy in the beam structure.
TLR-4 Agonist Induces IFN-γ Production Selectively in Proinflammatory Human M1 Macrophages through the PI3K-mTOR– and JNK-MAPK–Activated p70S6K Pathway
Authors: Gajanayaka Niranjala , Dong Simon Xin Min , Ali Hamza , Iqbal Salma , Mookerjee Ananda , Lawton David A , Caballero Ramon Edwin , Cassol Edana , Cameron Donald William , Angel Jonathan B , Crawley Angela M , Kumar Ashok
Published: September 2021

IFN-γ, a proinflammatory cytokine produced primarily by T cells and NK cells, activates macrophages and engages mechanisms to control pathogens. Although there is evidence of IFN-γ production by murine macrophages, IFN-γ production by normal human macrophages and their subsets remains unknown. Herein, we show that human M1 macrophages generated by IFN-γ and IL-12– and IL-18–stimulated monocyte-derived macrophages (M0) produce significant levels of IFN-γ. Further stimulation of IL-12/IL-18–primed macrophages or M1 macrophages with agonists for TLR-2, TLR-3, or TLR-4 significantly enhanced IFN-γ production in contrast to the similarly stimulated M0, M2a, M2b, and M2c macrophages. Similarly, M1 macrophages generated from COVID-19–infected patients’ macrophages produced IFN-γ that was enhanced following LPS stimulation. The inhibition of M1 differentiation by Jak inhibitors reversed LPS-induced IFN-γ production, suggesting that differentiation with IFN-γ plays a key role in IFN-γ induction. We subsequently investigated the signaling pathway(s) responsible for TLR-4–induced IFN-γ production in M1 macrophages. Our results show that TLR-4–induced IFN-γ production is regulated by the ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) through the activation of PI3K, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2), and the JNK MAPK pathways. These results suggest that M1-derived IFN-γ may play a key role in inflammation that may be augmented following bacterial/viral infections. Moreover, blocking the mTORC1/2, PI3K, and JNK MAPKs in macrophages may be of potential translational significance in preventing macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Evolution of Cytomegalovirus-Responsive T Cell Clonality following Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Higdon Lauren E , Schaffert Steven , Huang Huang , Montez-Rath Maria E , Lucia Marc , Jha Alokkumar , Saligrama Naresha , Margulies Kenneth B , Martinez Olivia M , Davis Mark M , Khatri Purvesh , Maltzman Jonathan S
Published: September 2021

CMV infection is a significant complication after solid organ transplantation. We used single cell TCR αβ sequencing to determine how memory inflation impacts clonality and diversity of the CMV-responsive CD8 and CD4 T cell repertoire in the first year after transplantation in human subjects. We observed CD8 T cell inflation but no changes in clonal diversity, indicating homeostatic stability in clones. In contrast, the CD4 repertoire was diverse and stable over time, with no evidence of CMV-responsive CD4 T cell expansion. We identified shared CDR3 TCR motifs among patients but no public CMV-specific TCRs. Temporal changes in clonality in response to transplantation and in the absence of detectable viral reactivation suggest changes in the repertoire immediately after transplantation followed by an expansion with stable clonal competition that may mediate protection.
Functional Consequences of Memory Inflation after Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Higdon Lauren E , Schaffert Steven , Cohen Rachel H , Montez-Rath Maria E , Lucia Marc , Saligrama Naresha , Margulies Kenneth B , Martinez Olivia M , Tan Jane C , Davis Mark M , Khatri Purvesh , Maltzman Jonathan S
Published: September 2021

CMV is a major infectious complication following solid organ transplantation. Reactivation of CMV leads to memory inflation, a process in which CD8 T cells expand over time. Memory inflation is associated with specific changes in T cell function, including increased oligoclonality, decreased cytokine production, and terminal differentiation. To address whether memory inflation during the first year after transplantation in human subjects alters T cell differentiation and function, we employed single-cell–matched TCRαβ and targeted gene expression sequencing. Expanded T cell clones exhibited a terminally differentiated, immunosenescent, and polyfunctional phenotype whereas rare clones were less differentiated. Clonal expansion occurring between pre- and 3 mo posttransplant was accompanied by enhancement of polyfunctionality. In contrast, polyfunctionality and differentiation state were largely maintained between 3 and 12 mo posttransplant. Highly expanded clones had a higher degree of polyfunctionality than rare clones. Thus, CMV-responsive CD8 T cells differentiated during the pre- to posttransplant period then maintained their differentiation state and functional capacity despite posttransplant clonal expansion.
Donafenib in Chinese patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Really a new standard of care, or should we change paradigm for drug development in HCC?
Authors: Negri Francesca , Porta Camillo
Published: September 2021

Not available
Spectrum of Flurodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography Findings in Tumors and Tumor-Like Conditions of the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Purandare Nilendu C. , Shah Sneha , Agrawal Archi , Puranik Ameya , Rangarajan Venkatesh
Published: September 2021

Bone and soft-tissue tumors display a wide range of metabolic activity on flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (FDG PET/CT) imaging due to their varying histopathological features. Several benign tumors show high FDG uptake similar to that seen in malignant lesions and their metabolic characteristics can overlap. Certain benign tumors can potentially undergo malignant transformation and FDG PET/CT can play an important role in detecting malignant change. The intensity of metabolic activity on FDG PET/CT correlates with histological grade of malignant tumors and also acts as a valuable prognostic factor. FDG PET/CT plays an important role in the staging work up of bone and soft-tissue malignancies. It has been found to be superior to conventional imaging techniques primarily for detecting distant metastatic disease. Because of its ability to detect metabolic changes, FDG PET/CT is a very useful in assessing response to treatment. Metabolic response seen on FDG PET is a powerful surrogate marker of histopathological response to chemotherapy. The purpose of this article is to study the variable patterns of FDG uptake in tumors of the musculoskeletal system, describe the clinical utility of FDG PET/CT in predicting malignant change in benign tumors and discuss its role in staging, response assessment, and prognostication of malignant lesions.
Contiguous Multilevel Vertebral Metastasis in Carcinoma Breast Mimicking Spondylodiscitis
Authors: Saini Vivek Kumar , Mammoottil Alen Elias , Ora Manish , Gambhir Sanjay , Nazar Aftab Hassan
Published: September 2021

A 59-year old female presented with a lump in the right breast for 6 months. She developed progressively increasing backache for 3 months. Magnetic resonance imaging spine was suggestive of hypointense heterogeneous signal intensity in multiple dorsal vertebrae (D3–D8) and suggestive of Pott's spine. Sonomammography suggested a lesion with irregular margin in the retro-areolar region. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was infiltrating duct carcinoma. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography–computed tomography revealed mass in the right breast with axillary lymph node. FDG-avid lytic destructive contiguous lesion was noted in mid-dorsal vertebrae. Apart from it, FDG-avid lytic lesion was also noted in the right iliac bone. The patient underwent vertebral lesion biopsy consistent with metastatic breast carcinoma. This case report demonstrates rare contiguous involvement of multiple vertebrae masquerading Pott's spine.
All that Glitters on PSMA is Not a Lesion
Authors: Dev Indraja D. , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Purandare Nilendu C. , Agrawal Archi , Shah Sneha , Puranik Ameya D.
Published: September 2021

Nonspecific uptake of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) on PSMA positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (CT) is normally encountered in benign conditions, which is detected on morphological changes on CT component. However, having a site of uptake without any CT finding is a rare occurrence. We herewith report one such rare case of a 66-year-old male with metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma, who demonstrated an incidental finding of intense focal PSMA uptake in the lung parenchyma.
Diabetic kidney disease update: Pathogenesis and treatment overview for clinicians
Authors: Habas Elmukhtar , Elzouki Abdel-Naser
Published: September 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a common cause of chronic kidney disease that progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Albuminuria (proteinuria) is an early manifestation of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Although the hemodynamic alterations that occur in diabetics seem the underlying mechanism, others such as metabolic, inflammatory, and hypoxia have a role in DKD pathophysiology. Despite the proven beneficial effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and renin–angiotensin II–aldosterone receptor blockades in proteinuria improvement, their effect to prevent the DKD and to modify its progression to ESRD is not clear enough. New agents such as SLGT2 and autophagy inhibitors and anti-inflammatory are promising agents that may improve proteinuria and inhibit DKD progression. Pathophysiology and new strategies in DKD therapy updates will be reviewed.
Zeros of Rankin–Selberg $L$-functions at the edge of the critical strip (with an appendix by Colin J. Bushnell and Guy Henniart)
Authors: Brumley Farrell , Thorner Jesse , Zaman Asif
Published: September 2021

Let

\pi

(respectively

\pi_0

) be a unitary cuspidal automorphic representation of

\mathrm{GL}_m

(respectively

\mathrm{GL}_{m_0}

) over

\mathbb{Q}

. We prove log-free zero density estimates for Rankin–Selberg

L

-functions of the form

L(s,\pi\times\pi_0)

, where

\pi

varies in a given family and

\pi_0

is fixed. These estimates are unconditional in many cases of interest; they hold in full generality assuming an average form of the generalized Ramanujan conjecture. We consider applications of these estimates related to mass equidistribution for Hecke–Maaß forms, the rarity of Landau–Siegel zeros of Rankin–Selberg

L

-functions, the Chebotarev density theorem, and

\ell

-torsion in class groups of number fields.
The formula for the quasicentral modulus in the case of spectral measures on fractals
Authors: Voiculescu Dan-Virgil
Published: September 2021

We prove a general ampliation homogeneity result for the quasicentral modulus of an

n

-tuple of operators with respect to the

(p,1)

Lorentz normed ideal. We use this to prove a formula involving Hausdorff measure for the quasicentral modulus of

n

-tuples of commuting Hermitian operators whose spectrum is contained in certain Cantor-like selfsimilar fractals.