bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explicit formulations of G13-based gas kinetic flux solver (G13-GKFS) for simulation of continuum and rarefied flows
Authors: Liu Z. J. , Yang L. M. , Shu C. , Chen S. Y. , Wan M. P. , Liu W. , Yuan Z. Y.
Published: March 2021

In this work, the explicit formulations of the Grad's distribution function for 13 moments (G13)-based gas kinetic flux solver (GKFS) for simulation of flows from the continuum regime to the rarefied regime are presented. The present solver retains the framework of GKFS, and it combines some good features of the discrete velocity method (DVM) and moment method. In the G13-GKFS, the macroscopic governing equations are first discretized by the finite volume method, and the numerical fluxes are evaluated by the local solution of the Boltzmann equation. To reconstruct the local solution of the Boltzmann equation, the initial distribution function is reconstructed by the Grad's distribution function for 13 moments, which enables the G13-GKFS to simulate flows in the rarefied regime. Thanks to this reconstruction, the evolution of distribution function is avoided, and the numerical fluxes can be expressed by explicit formulations. Therefore, the computational efficiency of G13-GKFS is much higher than that of DVM. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the present solver in explicit form are examined by several numerical examples. Numerical results show that the present solver can predict accurate results for flows in the continuum regime and reasonable results for flows in the rarefied regime. More importantly, the central processing unit time of the present solver is about 1% of that of DVM for two-dimensional (2D) microflow problems, and it is about twice of the conventional Navier–Stokes solver for 2D continuum flows.
BoltzmaNN: Predicting effective pair potentials and equations of state using neural networks
Authors: Berressem Fabian , Nikoubashman Arash
Published: March 2021

Neural networks (NNs) are employed to predict equations of state from a given isotropic pair potential using the virial expansion of the pressure. The NNs are trained with data from molecular dynamics simulations of monoatomic gases and liquids, sampled in the NVT ensemble at various densities. We find that the NNs provide much more accurate results compared to the analytic low-density limit estimate of the second virial coefficient and the Carnahan–Starling equation of state for hard sphere liquids. Furthermore, we design and train NNs for computing (effective) pair potentials from radial pair distribution functions, g(r), a task that is often performed for inverse design and coarse-graining. Providing the NNs with additional information on the forces greatly improves the accuracy of the predictions since more correlations are taken into account; the predicted potentials become smoother, are significantly closer to the target potentials, and are more transferable as a result.
Infrared spectroscopy of an endohedral water in fullerene
Authors: Shugai A. , Nagel U. , Murata Y. , Li Yongjun , Mamone S. , Krachmalnicoff A. , Alom S. , Whitby R. J. , Levitt M. H. , Rõõm T.
Published: March 2021

An infrared absorption spectroscopy study of the endohedral water molecule in a solid mixture of H2O@C60 and C60 was carried out at liquid helium temperature. From the evolution of the spectra during the ortho–para conversion process, the spectral lines were identified as para-H2O and ortho-H2O transitions. Eight vibrational transitions with rotational side peaks were observed in the mid-infrared: ω1, ω2, ω3, 2ω1, 2ω2, ω1 + ω3, ω2 + ω3, and 2ω2 + ω3. The vibrational frequencies ω2 and 2ω2 are lower by 1.6% and the rest by 2.4%, as compared to those of free H2O. A model consisting of a rovibrational Hamiltonian with the dipole and quadrupole moments of H2O interacting with the crystal field was used to fit the infrared absorption spectra. The electric quadrupole interaction with the crystal field lifts the degeneracy of the rotational levels. The finite amplitudes of the pure v1 and v2 vibrational transitions are consistent with the interaction of the water molecule dipole moment with a lattice-induced electric field. The permanent dipole moment of encapsulated H2O is found to be 0.50 ± 0.05 D as determined from the far-infrared rotational line intensities. The translational mode of the quantized center-of-mass motion of H2O in the molecular cage of C60 was observed at 110 cm−1 (13.6 meV).
Correlation relationship between the dissipative and conservative backscattering components in the ring resonator of a laser gyroscope
Authors: Petrukhin E.A. , Khokhlov I.N. , Khokhlov N.I.
Published: March 2021

We report the results of measuring the complex coupling coefficients in ring He – Ne lasers with a radiation wavelength of 632.8 nm. It is found that in assembling ring resonators from mirrors of the same quality, there is no correlation between the dissipative and conservative backscattering components. The analysis of the measurement results shows that this behaviour is associated with the speckle structure of the backscattered field in the ring resonator. The presence of backscattering (BS) sources with a random phase on the mirrors’ surface leads to a spread in the values of the BS parameters, which is described by the Rayleigh distribution function. Ways to reduce the spread in the values of dissipative and conservative backscattering components in assembling the ring resonators are discussed.
Indirect drive thermonuclear targets with free-flying fuel capsules
Authors: Shmatov M.L.
Published: March 2021

Indirect drive thermonuclear targets with fuel capsules at the stage of X-ray irradiation in a free flight are proposed. The absence of structural elements fixing the fuel capsule at the beginning of this stage will make the initiation of their associated instabilities impossible and will thereby improve the fuel compression.
Dynamics of a Q-switched bismuth-doped fibre laser: simulation and comparison with experiment
Authors: Artemov D.E. , Nanii O.E. , Smirnov A.P. , Fedoseev A.I.
Published: March 2021

Using an improved travelling wave model, we have numerically investigated the dynamics of a Q-switched bismuth-doped fibre laser. Comparison of simulation results with previously reported experimental data demonstrates good agreement of the multipeak lasing structure and the shape of the strongest pulses at various levels of pumping. We have assessed the effect of the main laser parameters on output laser characteristics and quantitatively evaluated the effects of the nonsaturable loss in the active fibre and amplified spontaneous emission on output power saturation. Based on analysis of time-dependent light intensity and gain distributions in the gain medium at different instants in time, we have formulated recommendations how to improve output laser characteristics.
Generation of intense coherent electromagnetic radiation during the interaction of a multi-terawatt laser pulse with a nanowire target*
Authors: Kulagin V.V. , Kornienko V.N. , Cherepenin V.A. , Gupta D.N. , Suk H.
Published: March 2021

Generation of coherent radiation in the IR and terahertz ranges during the propagation of a multi-terawatt laser pulse along a nanowire target is investigated. In the process of interaction, dense electron bunches are displaced from the target and accelerated in the laser field, generating intense electromagnetic radiation. Three regimes of interaction can be realised depending on the duration and shape of the laser pulse. In the first regime, when the laser pulse is long enough (tens and hundreds of femtoseconds), electrons are only partially forced out of the target. The characteristics of the low-frequency part of the spectrum of the generated radiation are determined in this case by the duration of the laser pulse, as well as by its amplitude and target parameters (geometric dimensions and concentration of electrons). In the second regime, the laser pulse has a large amplitude and a steep rising edge (the amplitude of the first half-wave is of the order of the maximum pulse amplitude); as a result, most of the electrons are displaced from the target already at the initial moment of interaction. In this regime, unipolar and bipolar pulses with a duration of tens of laser field periods can be formed. Changing the target length makes it possible to control the period of field oscillations and their number in the generated radiation. In the intermediate regime of short laser pulses with an insufficiently steep rising edge, oscillations of the formed electron bunches can occur in the macroscopic Coulomb attraction field of the charged target, which gives rise to radiation with a frequency several times lower than that of laser radiation. In this case, the pulses of the generated radiation contain a few cycles of the field with decreasing amplitude and increasing frequency. Using numerical simulation in three regimes of interaction, the characteristics of IR and terahertz radiation are found, in particular, the pulse shapes, ranges of generated frequencies, amplitudes and angular distributions of radiation are determined. It is shown that the amplitude of the generated pulse can reach subrelativistic and relativistic values (the field strength is more than 1 TV m−1 at a frequency ten times lower than the laser radiation frequency), and the energy conversion efficiency can be of the order of one percent.
Preliminary comparative deep metabolomic analysis of spermatozoa from zebu and crossbred cattle suggests associations between metabolites, sperm quality and fertility
Authors: DasGupta Mohua , Kumaresan Arumugam , Saraf Kaustubh Kishor , Karthikkeyan Gayathree , Prasad T. S. Keshava , Modi Prashant Kumar , Ramesha Kerekoppa , Jeyakumar Sakthivel , Manimaran Ayyasamy
Published: March 2021

Poor semen quality and infertility/subfertility are more frequent in crossbred than zebu bulls. Using a high-throughput liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based approach, we established the preliminary metabolomic profile of crossbred and zebu bull spermatozoa (n = 3 bulls each) and identified changes in sperm metabolomics between the two groups. In all, 1732 and 1240 metabolites were detected in zebu and crossbred bull spermatozoa respectively. After excluding exogenous metabolites, 115 and 87 metabolites were found to be unique to zebu and crossbred bull spermatozoa respectively whereas 71 metabolites were common to both. In the normalised data, 49 metabolites were found to be differentially expressed between zebu and crossbred bull spermatozoa. The significantly enriched (P < 0.05) pathways in spermatozoa were taurine and hypotaurine metabolism (observed metabolites taurine and hypotaurine) in zebu and glycerophospholipid metabolism (observed metabolites phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine) in crossbred bulls. The abundance of nitroprusside (variable importance in projection (VIP) score >1.5) was downregulated, whereas that of l-cysteine, acetyl coenzyme A and 2′-deoxyribonucleoside 5′-diphosphate (VIP scores >1.0) was upregulated in crossbred bull spermatozoa. In conclusion, this study established the metabolomic profile of zebu and crossbred bull spermatozoa and suggests that aberrations in taurine, hypotaurine and glycerophospholipid metabolism may be associated with the higher incidence of infertility/subfertility in crossbred bulls.
Reconciling early Deccan Traps CO
2
outgassing and pre-KPB global climate
Authors: Hernandez Nava Andres , Black Benjamin A. , Gibson Sally A. , Bodnar Robert J. , Renne Paul R. , Vanderkluysen Loÿc
Published: March 2021

Significance

Carbon outgassing from Large Igneous Provinces has been invoked as a mechanism to drive major climate shifts throughout Earth’s history. However, the lack of direct constraints on evolving carbon release from magmas in these provinces represents a major challenge for understanding the relationship between magmatism and environmental change. This paper presents constraints on CO
2
contents of early Deccan Traps lavas based on studies of olivine-hosted melt inclusions. We use these data to evaluate links between early Deccan carbon outgassing and an episode of pronounced warming just prior to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. By accounting for evolving CO
2
budgets and degassing from intrusive magmas, this work quantitatively relates magma emplacement, outgassing, and observed changes in paleoclimate.
A coupled human–natural system analysis of freshwater security under climate and population change
Authors: Yoon Jim , Klassert Christian , Selby Philip , Lachaut Thibaut , Knox Stephen , Avisse Nicolas , Harou Julien , Tilmant Amaury , Klauer Bernd , Mustafa Daanish , Sigel Katja , Talozi Samer , Gawel Erik , Medellín-Azuara Josue , Bataineh Bushra , Zhang Hua , Gorelick Steven M.
Published: March 2021

Significance

Jordan is facing an unfolding water crisis, exacerbated by climate change and conflict-induced refugee influxes. We present a freshwater security analysis for the country, enabled by an integrated systems model that combines simulation of Jordan’s natural and built water environment with thousands of representative human agents determining water allocation and use decisions. Our analysis points to severe, potentially destabilizing, declines in Jordan’s freshwater security. Without intervening measures, over 90% of Jordan’s low-income population will be experiencing critical water insecurity by the end of the century. To gain a foothold on its water future, Jordan must enact an ambitious portfolio of interventions that span supply- and demand-side measures, including large-scale desalinization and comprehensive water-sector reform.
The myosin II coiled-coil domain atomic structure in its native environment
Authors: Rahmani Hamidreza , Ma Wen , Hu Zhongjun , Daneshparvar Nadia , Taylor Dianne W. , McCammon J. Andrew , Irving Thomas C. , Edwards Robert J. , Taylor Kenneth A.
Published: March 2021

Significance

Myosin II is the molecule that produces force in muscle contraction. Unlike the myosin head, its molecular motor, no atomic resolution structure of the ∼1000-residue–long α-helical coiled-coil tail has been reported. Here, we describe the cryo-EM atomic structure of the myosin tail within a native muscle thick filament. Three differences with crystal structures of myosin tail segments were found. The myosin head arrangement apparently alters the beginning of the tail. Striated muscle myosins have four skip residues, amino acids inserted to improve the alignment of charged residue clusters. Skips 1 and 3 agree with the crystal structures. Skip 2, which is a novel structure, and Skip 4 do not. Functional consequences are suggested by the myosin tail packing.
Tuning interactions between spins in a superconductor
Authors: Ding Hao , Hu Yuwen , Randeria Mallika T. , Hoffman Silas , Deb Oindrila , Klinovaja Jelena , Loss Daniel , Yazdani Ali
Published: March 2021

Significance

Majorana zero modes (MZMs) have been proposed as the building blocks for fault-tolerant topological quantum computation. Recent experiments have found both spin and charge signatures of MZMs at the ends of spin chains on superconducting surfaces. However, the properties of such chains have not been reliably controlled experimentally. Here, we present a platform in which long-range spin–spin interactions and hybridization of spin-induced in-gap states on the surface of a superconductor can be tuned with unprecedented precision by changing the distance between the spins using an atomic manipulation technique. This capability is required for tailoring magnetic textures and engineering in-gap states band structures in spin assemblies and opens up the possibility of exploring new topological superconducting phases with tunable properties.
Substrate discrimination and quality control require each catalytic activity of TRAMP and the nuclear RNA exosome
Authors: Das Mom , Zattas Dimitrios , Zinder John C. , Wasmuth Elizabeth V. , Henri Julien , Lima Christopher D.
Published: March 2021

Significance

Defects in RNA quality control pathways manifest as disease because they function to selectively remove aberrant or defective species to ensure cellular homeostasis. The RNA exosome and TRAMP complexes encompass key components of the RNA surveillance machinery. Here we show that exoribonuclease activities of Rrp6-associated RNA exosomes protect stable RNA species from TRAMP-mediated polyadenylation and degradation, and that each catalytic activity of the RNA exosome-TRAMP complex contributes to substrate discrimination and degradation of less stable RNA species. Our results highlight a previously unappreciated role for Rrp6 in protecting stable RNA species from degradation and suggest additional mechanistic analogies between RNA and protein quality control pathways with respect to proofreading mechanisms that protect stable species while targeting unstable species for destruction.
Exploring nanowire regrowth for the integration of bottom-up grown silicon nanowires into AFM scanning probes
Authors: Behroudj A , Salimitari P , Nilsen M , Strehle S
Published: March 2021

Bottom-up grown single-crystalline silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are highly intriguing to build nanoscale probes, for instance for atomic force microscopy (AFM), due to their mechanical robustness and high aspect ratio geometry. Several strategies to build such nanowire-equipped probes were explored but their fabrication is still elaborate, time-consuming and relies partly on single-crystalline substrates. Here, we explore a new strategy to fabricate AFM probes that are equipped with single-SiNW scanning tips. The conceptual evaluation begins with a discussion on the overall design and softness of such probes based on finite-element-method simulations. For the experimental realization, SiNWs were grown by the well-established gold-catalyzed vapor–liquid–solid method employing gaseous monosilane. As-grown SiNWs were subsequently transferred onto flexible membranes and even freestanding AFM microcantilever beams via mechanical nanowire contact printing. Elongation of the deposited nanowires by so-called regrowth was triggered by reusing the original gold catalyst to yield the prospective AFM scanning tip. SiNW-equipped scanning probes were created in this manner and were successfully employed for topography imaging. Although a multitude of challenges remains, the created probes showed an overall convincing performance and a superior durability.
Influence of ZnO nanorod surface chemistry on passivation effect of TiO2 shell coating
Authors: Li Xuan , Tu Ying , Pace Simona , Anselmi-Tamburini Umberto , Briscoe Joe
Published: March 2021

Core–shell structures with ZnO cores have been widely investigated due to their effectiveness in suppressing surface defects of ZnO nanostructures. As the surface defects are hugely dependent on the synthesis conditions, it is important to understand the interactions between shell material and ZnO with different surface chemistry. Here we produce well-aligned ZnO nanorods using two growth methods, leading to ZnO with different surface chemistries. A thin layer of TiO2 shell is applied via layer-by-layer adsorption method. The core–shell structure is confirmed via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The optical properties and chemical states of both bare nanorods and core–shell structures are investigated and compared using photoluminescence (PL) measurement and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Both PL and XPS results suggest surface defects are passivated by TiO2 shell coating. The shell coating has a stronger effect on ZnO synthesized in OH− rich environment, due to excessive hydroxyl groups provided during synthesis, which remain even after annealing-induced crystallization.
An optimized stacked diagnosis structure for fault diagnosis of wind turbine planetary gearbox
Authors: Lu Li , He Yigang , Ruan Yi , Yuan Weibo
Published: March 2021

Fault diagnosis of the planetary gearbox (PGB) of wind turbines (WTs) plays an important role in the normal operation of WTs. Current studies commonly focus on the diagnosis of fault types of WT PGBs. Nevertheless, in addition to identifying the fault type, the current severity of the fault is also instructive for the maintenance and repair of WT PGBs. Thus, a novel optimized stacked diagnosis structure (OSDS) is proposed for the identification of fault type and severity. Compressed sensing is adopted to implement the compressed sampling of original vibration signals collected by the wireless sensor. Then, the compressed samples are input into first- and second-layer deep belief networks (DBNs) for the separate identification of fault type and severity. In order to realize the best feature extraction performance of DBNs, every single DBN in the OSDS is optimized with the chaotic quantum particle swarm optimization (CQPSO) algorithm. For OSDS, which is a hierarchical diagnosis system, the misdiagnosis results of the first layer will bring irreversible influence to the diagnosis of the second layer. That is to say, an incorrect fault type diagnosis will mean that these signals are wrongly classified, making them unable to judge the severity of the fault. Because the first-layer DBN is optimized with PGB historical data and the CQPSO algorithm, it shows an excellent performance in identifying fault types. Therefore, the diagnostic performance of OSDS has not been affected by the absence of diagnosis, and still shows an excellent recognition performance of fault type and severity in the experiment. This verifies its excellent role in the fault diagnosis of WT PGBs.
Self-assembled polymeric micelles for targeted photodynamic therapy of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpressing breast cancer
Authors: Kim Young-Jin , Ha Ji-Hui , Kim Ye-Ji
Published: March 2021

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively explored as a promising alternative therapeutic approach for many malignant tumors. However, the PDT system generally involves unsatisfactory tumor specificity and nonspecific accumulation of photosensitizers around the target cancer cells, leading to phototoxic damage to adjacent healthy normal cells. In this study, we developed pheophorbide a (Pheo a)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeting peptide (epitope form, HLTV, PEG2-LTVSPWY)-co-conjugated methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-lysine hydrochloride) (PEG-PLL)/hyaluronic acid (HA) (P3H2) polymeric micelles via a self-assembly method for HER2-targeted PDT treatment for breast cancer, thereby enhancing the PDT efficacy. The synthesized P3H2 polymeric micelles were spherical, with an average diameter of 125.7 ± 21.2 nm in an aqueous solution. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that the P3H2 polymeric micelles significantly improved PDT efficacy on the SK-BR-3 cells due to the enhanced targeting ability. In addition, PDT treatment using the P3H2 polymeric micelles effectively killed breast cancer cells by inducing higher intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and apoptotic cell death. In particular, the three-dimensional cell culture model proved the synergistic PDT efficacy using P3H2 polymeric micelles on the SK-BR-3 cells. Based on these results, the PDT treatment using P3H2 polymeric micelles can serve as a highly effective therapeutic modality for breast cancer.
Insight into the capacity decay mechanism of cycled LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathodes via in situ x-ray diffraction
Authors: Huang Yalan , Zhu He , Zhu Hekang , Zhang Jian , Ren Yang , Liu Qi
Published: March 2021

Layered LiNi
x
Co
y
Mn1-x-y
O2 (NCM) is expected to dominate the future cathode technology of the automotive industry, due to its high energy density and low cost. Despite its excellent prospects, however, the severe capacity decay of NCM cathodes has prevented this promising material from achieving further success. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon is controversial and has been generally understood as arising from the complex structural changes that take place upon Li-(de)intercalation. However, deeper insight has not been available due to unclear structural kinetics, in particular, in cycled NCM cathodes. For this study, we conducted in situ high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements on a typical LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) cathode that had been operated for 90 cycles, then compared the results with those collected from a fresh NCM532 electrode. It was revealed that the H1–H2 phase transition that only occurs at the first cycle is irreversible. Remarkably, the c-contraction triggered by the H2-H3 transition, which is expected to be the major cause of intergranular cracks in electrodes, became even more profound after cycling. Combining the above results with electrochemical testing and microscopic imaging, we discuss the interplay between structural dynamics and performance degradation in NCM532 in detail. This study provides key evidence for a mechanically induced capacity decay mechanism, which is expected to be extended to NCM materials with various compositions.
Ultrahigh dose-rate (FLASH) x-ray irradiator for pre-clinical laboratory research
Authors: Rezaee Mohammad , Iordachita Iulian , Wong John W
Published: March 2021

FLASH irradiation has been shown to reduce significantly normal tissue toxicity compared to conventional irradiation, while maintaining tumor control probability at similar level. Clinical translation of FLASH irradiation necessitates comprehensive laboratory studies to elucidate biological effects as well as pertinent technological and physical requirements. At present, FLASH research employs complex accelerator technologies of limited accessibilities. Here, we study the feasibility of a novel self-shielded x-ray irradiation cabinet system, as an enabling technology to enhance the preclinical research capabilities. The proposed system employs two commercially available high capacity 150 kVp fluoroscopy x-ray sources with rotating anode technology in a parallel-opposed arrangement. Simulation was performed with the GEANT4 Monte-Carlo platform. Simulated dosimetric properties of the x-ray beam for both FLASH and conventional dose-rate irradiations were characterized. Dose and dose rate from a single kV x-ray fluoroscopy source in solid water phantom were verified with measurements using Gafchromic films. The parallel-opposed x-ray sources can deliver over 50 Gy doses to a 20 mm thick water equivalent medium at ultrahigh dose-rates of 40–240 Gy s−1. A uniform depth-dose rate (±5%) is achieved over 8–12 mm in the central region of the phantom. Mirrored beams minimize heel effect of the source and achieve reasonable cross-beam uniformity (±3%). Conventional dose-rate irradiation (≤0.1 Gy s−1) can also be achieved by reducing the tube current and increasing the distance between the phantom and tubes. The rotating anode x-ray source can be used to deliver both FLASH and conventional dose-rate irradiations with the field dimensions well suitable for small animal and cell-culture irradiations. For FLASH irradiation using parallel-opposed sources, entrance and exit doses can be higher by 30% than the dose at the phantom center. Beam angling can be employed to minimize the high surface doses. Our proposed system is amendable to self-shielding and enhance research in regular laboratory setting.
Recent progress on neoclassical impurity transport in stellarators with implications for a stellarator reactor
Authors: Buller S , Smith H M , Mollén A
Published: March 2021

Accumulation of impurities in the core of the plasma is a potential problem for any fusion reactor, and is thought to be especially problematic for stellarators. We use the collisional transport code Sfincs to calculate, in a reactor stellarator scenario, the effects of flux-surface electrostatic potential variation on tungsten transport. The potential variation is found to have a large effect on the transport, reversing the sign of the transport coefficients related to the radial electric field and the bulk ion temperature gradient, and also increasing the magnitude of the former by two orders of magnitude. We optimize the electrostatic potential variation to minimize impurity accumulation, resulting in a 20%–50% reduction of the inward impurity flux. Furthermore, we investigate whether the electrostatic potential variation caused by fast particles due to ion-cyclotron resonance heating can be used to reduce the impurity accumulation, but find the effect to be small in the cases considered.
Implications of current nuclear cross sections on secondary cosmic rays with the upcoming DRAGON2 code
Authors: De La Torre Luque P. , Mazziotta M.N. , Loparco F. , Gargano F. , Serini D.
Published: March 2021

Current measurements of cosmic-ray fluxes have reached
unprecedented accuracy thanks to the new generation of experiments,
and in particular the AMS-02 mission. At the same time, significant
progress has been made in the propagation models of galactic cosmic
rays. These models include several propagation parameters, which are
usually inferred from the ratios of secondary to primary cosmic
rays, and which depend on the cross sections describing the
collisions among the various species of cosmic-ray nuclei. At
present, our knowledge of these cross sections in the energy range
where cosmic-ray interactions occur is limited, and this is a source
of uncertainties in the predicted fluxes of secondary cosmic-ray
nuclei. In this work we study the impact of the cross section
uncertainties on the fluxes of light secondary nuclei (Li, Be, B)
using a preliminary version of the upcoming DRAGON2 code. We
first present a detailed comparison of the secondary fluxes computed
by implementing different parameterizations for the network of
spallation cross sections. Then, we discuss the use of
secondary-over-secondary cosmic-ray flux ratios as a tool to improve
the consistency of cross sections parameterizations and give insight
of the overall uncertainties coming from the cross sections
parametrisations. We show that the uncertainties inferred from the
cross section data are enough to explain the discrepancies in the Be
and Li fluxes with respect to the AMS-02 data, with no need of a
primary component in their spectra. In addition, we show that the
fluxes of B, Be and Li can be simultaneously reproduced by rescaling
their cross sections within the experimental uncertainty. Finally,
we also revisit the diffusive estimation of the halo size, obtaining
good agreement with previous works and a best fit value of
6.8 ± 1 kpc from the most updated cross sections
parametrisations.
A mathematical model of Zika disease by considering transition from the asymptomatic to symptomatic phase
Authors: Aldila D , Rasyiqah K , Ardaneswari G , Tasman H.
Published: March 2021

This work presents a mathematical model of Zika disease considering infected individual transition from the asymptomatic to symptomatic phase. Zika virus (ZIKV) itself is a virus that belongs to arbovirus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. It can also be transmitted through human contact such as sexual contact, blood transfussion, and transplacental infection. As a matter of fact, 80% of those who get infected by ZIKV are asymptomatic. In this work, we investigate the Zika model by considering individual transition case from the asymptomatic to symptomatic phase using SEAIR (host) - SI (vector) model. In this model, we involve human and mosquito populations which have a big role to the transmission of ZIKV itself. In this study, basic reproduction number (R
0) calculated as the largest eigenvalue of Next-Generation Matrix. Furthermore, analytical results also be conducted to determine the existence and local stability of the equilibrium point. A numerical simulation presented to analyze the sensitivity and elasticity of R
0 for some parameters involved in the model, and followed with simulation of autonomous system. We find that transition of asymptomatic to symptomatic case in Zika transmission hold an important role in determining the size of the basic reproduction number. More transition to symptomatic case are better to know the “dark” figure of the real cases in the field.
Cluster based area yield scheme for crop insurance policy in Java
Authors: Haryastuti R , Aidi M N , Pasaribu S M , Sumertajaya I M , Sutomo V A , Kusumaningrum D , Anisa R
Published: March 2021

Zone based area yield scheme becomes a potential in improving the development of area yield index for crop insurance policy in Indonesia. The characteristics of productivity varies among municipalities in Indonesia. Therefore, it will be challenging to apply area yield index policy without developing clusters, especially in Java which is considered as one of the central productivities of paddy in Indonesia. Clustering the productivity is one of the solutions to reduce the heterogeneous basis risk within municipalities of a province. Clustering areas is recommended in order to determine accurate critical yield index leading to a more precise ratemaking in the process of developing area yield index policy. In order to define the clusters, we have not only considered average and volatility of productivity over the past ten years, but also integrated the spatial effect of municipalities. Ward-like hierarchical method shows that clustering of municipalities within each province provides better homogeneity. It has been found that there are 12 clusters in Java tend to have low (8.33%), middle (50%), and high (41.67%) productivity. Therefore, we suggest that the Ministry of Agriculture design the area yield index policy based on these clusters and each cluster will have different critical productivity index and adjusted premium.
Monitoring the variability of cement compressive strength using Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Covariance Matrix (MEWMC) control chart
Authors: Qori’atunnadyah M , Wibawati  , Ahsan M , Khusna H
Published: March 2021

Cement quality plays an important role in ensuring the infrastructure development of a nation. PT “X” is a business entity engaged in cement production. The high demand for cement has driven PT “X” to constantly improve the quality under the established standards. In general, the quality of cement is determined by the compressive strength of cement measure on the 3rd, 7th, and 28th days. In this paper, the MEWMC control chart is used to monitor the compressive strength of cement. MEWMC is an exponentially weighted control chart for monitoring the stability of the covariance matrix of a process. Using the optimum weighting value λ is 0.1 in phase two, the monitoring results show that the cement quality has been statistically controlled or there is no process shift.
Decentralized extended Kalman filter of multi-robot position
Authors: Apriliani E , Mardlijah  , Arif D K , Fadhilah H N
Published: March 2021

This paper will discuss the estimation of the multi-robot position. It may be difficult for all sensors to submit their observations due to communication constraints on the multi-robot system. Thus, in this paper, we will estimate the position of each robot with limited communication between robots using decentralized estimation. Since the multi-robot system is non-linear, the extended Kalman filter is used as an estimation method. The combination of decentralized estimation and extended Kalman filter is called a decentralized extended Kalman filter. In the multi-robot system, each robot is represented as a node that makes its prediction. Assumed that some of the nodes will interact with their closest neighbors, so the measurement information will be transferred. Based on simulation results, the decentralized extended Kalman filter algorithm runs well for estimation in a multi-robot position.
Quality Control of Water Production Process Using Multivariate Control Charts
Authors: Trimardiani Y , Wibawati  , Akbar M S , Suhartono  , Prastyo D D
Published: March 2021

Water is very important for life, no life in the world can exist without the availability of water. Turbidity, organic substance, and chlorine residual are the main characteristics of water quality. To monitor the quality of a water production process, Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Covariance Matrix (MEWMC) control chart is used for monitoring the stability of the covariance matrix of a process, and Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (MEWMA) control chart is used for monitoring the stability of the mean vector of a process. In this study, the optimum λ for the MEWMC and MEWMA control chart for the water production process during the dry season and the rainy season is λ = 0.1. The variability of water production process during both dry and rainy seasons is in control, while the mean of water production process during both dry and rainy seasons is not in control. Based on the analysis of process capability, it is known that the water production process during the dry season and rainy season is capable of producing water with turbidity level that meets the specification limit, but is not capable to produce water with organic substance and chlorine residual that matches the specification limit.
Buckling analysis of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) square plates using Quadrilateral Element
Authors: Sidara S C X , Maknun I J , Katili I
Published: March 2021

Functionally Graded Material in one type of material that currently gets much attention in the civil engineering field because it is claimed as the material that can resist the high-temperature environment. FGM is consist of two or more material that continuously changed along the thickness direction of the structure. FGM is often formed by ceramic at the top of the structure that can resist the high-temperature environment and metal at the bottom of the structure that flexible and can resist the mechanical load. DKMQ Element gives a good convergence behavior in a thick and a thin plate problem. The purpose of this research is to study the convergence behavior of the DKMQ element in the buckling analysis of FGM plate under uniaxial compression. The result is a critical buckling load that will be compared to the reference. The results show that the DKMQ element gives a good result for buckling analysis on the FGM plate.
Implementation of the Gauss-Circle Map for encrypting and embedding simultaneously on digital image and digital text
Authors: Suryadi MT , Satria Yudi , Hadidulqawi Azzam
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses implementation of Gauss-Circle Map (GCM) in cryptography and steganography process simultaneously. Cryptography is used for securing data confidentiality, while steganography is used to protect the existence of data. The objects that used in this thesis are digital text and digital images. This research was conducted by designing algorithms for encryption and embedding simultaneously, as well as extraction and decryption simultaneously then implement it with python programming. Results obtained from the observation shows that GCM had randomness level 100% using NIST test with chosen parameter x
0
(1) = x
0
(2) = 0, α
(1) = α
(2) = 9, β
(1) = β
(2) = 0.481, K
(1) = K
(2) = 1000000, and Ω(1) = Ω(2) = 0.5. Algorithm that have been designed have varying degrees of sensitivity according to different parameters, and high key spaces that reaches 2.6244 × 101269. Encrypted image is uniformly distributed since it passes goodness of fit test. Correlation coefficient values of the stego image are at interval [0.89,1] and very close to correlation coefficient values of the cover image. However, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of the stego image did not meet standard (above 40 dB). Here, the extracted-decrypted stego image have perfect similarity with the original image.
Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm with Discrete Hopfield Neural Network for 3 Satisfiability analysis
Authors: Mansor Mohd. Asyraf , Kasihmuddin Mohd Shareduwan Mohd , Sathasivam Saratha
Published: March 2021

An optimal learning algorithm contributes to the quality of the neuron states in the form of 3 Satisfiability logical representation during the retrieval phase of the Discrete Hopfield Neural Network. Based on that basis, we proposed a modified bipolar Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm with a Discrete Hopfield Neural Network for Boolean 3 Satisfiability analysis by manipulating the different levels of complexities. This work concerns the improvement in the learning phase which requires a robust iterative metaheuristic algorithm in minimizing the cost function of 3 Satisfiability logical representation with less iteration. Under some reasonable conditions, the proposed hybrid network will be assessed by employing several performance measures, in terms of learning errors, minimum energy evaluations, variability, and similarity analysis. To verify the compatibility of the Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm as a learning paradigm, the comparison was made with the hybrid model with an Exhaustive search. Thus, the results proved the capability of the proposed learning algorithm in optimizing the learning and generating global minimum solutions for 3 Satisfiability logic based on the analysis obtained via various performance metrics evaluation.
Inflation of Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yuniarti D , Rosadi D , Abdurakhman
Published: March 2021

CoronaVirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically affected people’s lives in Indonesia, including the economic sector. Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) has announced that Indonesia’s inflation tends to weaken, and in July 2020, it reached -0.01%. This change in the inflation trend was due to an increase in layoffs (PHK) and the existence of a work scheme to become Work From Home (WFH). This study intends to find a model of Indonesia’s inflation to the number of additional positive cases of COVID-19 infection using panel data regression analysis with the one-way (individual-effect) fixed-effects model approach. The data used are inflation rate data and the number of additional positive cases infected per province in Indonesia per month, from January to July 2020. Based on this inflation model, one can determine the relationship between the inflation rate and the number of additional positive cases infected. The analysis using panel data regression analysis with the one-way (individual-effect) fixed-effects model approach obtained that the increase in the number of positive cases affected Indonesia’s inflation, where each addition of one case will reduce the inflation value by 5.14 × 10−5.
Number plate recognition on vehicle using YOLO - Darknet
Authors: Setiyono Budi , Amini Dyah Ayu , Sulistyaningrum Dwi Ratna
Published: March 2021

Character recognition is one of the steps in the number plate recognition system. Character recognition is done to get text character data. The method used is YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once), and Darknet-53 is used as a feature extractor. In this study, the data used were number plate images derived from the extraction and cropping of motorized vehicle videos that had been taken using cellphones and cameras. Testing is done with two different models, namely the model obtained with additional preprocessing data and the model obtained without any preprocessing data. Data preprocessing is done to improve the quality of the number plate image. Testing is done on an uninterrupted number plate image dataset and a number plate image dataset with interference and a reduction of color intensity (brightness) in the image. For the model obtained from the data without preprocessing, the highest number plate recognition accuracy obtained is 80%, and the character recognition accuracy is 97.1%. Meanwhile, for the model obtained from preprocessing data, the highest number plate recognition accuracy obtained was 88%, and the character recognition accuracy was 98.2%.
A genetic algorithm for solving large scale global optimization problems
Authors: Shahab M L , Azizi F , Sanjoyo B A , Irawan M I , Hidayat N , Rukmi A M
Published: March 2021

There are many problems in the real world that can be modeled as large scale global optimization problems. Usually, large scale global optimization problems are global optimization problems where the dimensions are greater than or equal to 1000. In this research, we propose a genetic algorithm that can be used to solve large scale optimization problems with dimensions up to 100000. To measure the capabilities of the proposed genetic algorithm, we use five different test functions. Based on the results obtained, it can be inferred that the proposed genetic algorithm can find a good solution in a fairly short time.
Gauge symmetry origin of Bäcklund transformations for Painlevé equations
Authors: Alves V C C , Aratyn H , Gomes J F , Zimerman A H
Published: March 2021

We identify the self-similarity limit of the second flow of sl(N) mKdV hierarchy with the periodic dressing chain thus establishing a connection to

A

N
−
1

(

1

)

invariant Painlevé equations. The

A

N
−
1

(

1

)

Bäcklund symmetries of dressing equations and Painlevé equations are obtained in the self-similarity limit of gauge transformations of the mKdV hierarchy realized as zero-curvature equations on the loop algebra

s
l

̂

(

N

)

endowed with a principal gradation.
Effect of Nucleic Acids on the Quality Indicators of Functional Fish Products
Authors: Alekseev G V , Eliseeva S A , Bredihin S A
Published: March 2021

There have been proposed rational technology of combined fish-grain and fish-vegetable masses for functional nutrition. As the objects of research were selected minced raw fish fillet, minced boiled fish fillet and industrial frozen minced fillet from horse mackerel (Trachurus Trachurus L.). The studies have been carried out in accordance with the experimental design, in which the variable factors were the heat treatment time (10–15 minutes) and the temperature of treatment (82–98 ° C). It was found that the organoleptic characteristics of boiled mince from raw fillet of horse mackerel are significantly inferior to the organoleptic characteristics of minced meat from boiled fillet of horse mackerel. When comparing the data for ice cream and freshly prepared minced horse mackerel, it was found that the loss of nucleic acids in industrial minced meat is 4.6–13.1% higher (T = 82 ± 2 and 98 ± 2 ° C), the loss of dry matter is higher by 11, 3–5.8%, mass - by 8.4–14.6%. The content of the total amount of nucleic acids in industrial minced meat is 11.1% lower than in freshly prepared minced meat. Obviously, in the process of preparing products for dietary nutrition, it is preferable to use minced meat from boiled fish fillets.
Waste Management of Production and Consumption as an Element of on the Circular Economy
Authors: Kolesnik G V , Merkulina I A
Published: March 2021

Practical aspects of the functioning of the Russian economy in the field of production and consumption waste management are considered. The main problems inherent in the sphere of production and consumption waste management in Russia are identified. The principle of waste management of production and consumption, defined in foreign practice in the theory of management as 3R, is considered. The difference between the traditional «linear» model of economy and the closed-loop economy is shown. Some business strategies that can be supported by a closed-loop economy have been studied, namely, the «product as a service» strategy, which can be applied independently or combined with other technological solutions, and the «sharing» strategy. The conclusion is made about the need to develop digital solutions in the industry for processing production and consumption waste.
Typical Coal Mines in Hancheng Mining Area of China and its Management Reseach
Authors: Zhang Yao , Fu Shaojun , Li Ning , Hu Zaiqiang
Published: March 2021

In order to promote the work of prevention and management of coal mine water disaster in China, it took Panlong coal mine, Xiayukou coal mine and Xiangshan coal mine in Hancheng mining area as object of study. Methods of prevention and management of Ordovician limestone water inrush and water inrush from old and empty areas were put forward. Some examples were chosen to approve these methods’ practicability. At last, enhancing management of coal mine and improving stuffs’ comprehensive quality were proposed.