bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mirroring the society, mirroring its hospitals: Hyginus Ekwazi's poetry and the challenge of nation-building
Authors: Awuzie Solomon
Published: June 2019

Anglophone African poetry has become a significant medium through which African society from the year 2000 to date is mirrored. The younger Anglophone African poets, widely referred to as the poets of the third-generation, have always used their poetry as means to respond to both historical and current socio-political circumstances that tend to distinguish Africa from the rest of the world. Their poetry now constitutes counter-hegemonic discourse against bad leadership in Africa and against corrupt African social and medical institutions. Using Hyginus Ekwuazi’s The Monkey’s Eyes as a representative poetry of the younger Anglophone African poets, emphasis is made on how the poet depicts the African society and its hospitals. The paper analyzes the collection as a sequel to all other collections of poetry produced by the younger poets at this period. It reveals the condition in which the poetry is produced and how it has responded to the decay in African society and its hospitals. The paper points out that though the older generation of the Anglophone African poets responded to similar socio-political situation, the younger generation of the Anglophone African poets has become the prominent voice in this period and that their poetry provides a clear picture of what is happening in Africa within this time space. Being a new set of voices on the terrain of the Anglophone African poetry, a study of this poetry opens up a new platform upon which this so-called “aesthetic of rage” is appreciated. Note:  An earlier version of this paper was presented at Birkbeck University of London in an International Conference captioned “Mirror, Mirror: Perceptions, Deceptions, Reflections in Time” organized by London Centre for Interdisciplinary Research (LCIR) on 10th March, 2018 in London, UK.
Détermination par microréflectométrie de propriétés optiques d'un cristal monoclinique absorbant (kermesite Sb2S2O). Deuxième partie
Authors: Cervelle Bernard
Published: June 2019

The optical properties of a monoclinic absorbing crystal (Sb₂S₂O) have been studied by measuring reflectivities with a polarizing microscope. In the first part of the study (Cervelle, 1971 a), the optical constants and their dispersion curves were determined by measurements on the faces (001) and (100) which can reflect linearly polarized vibrations, as in general for (h0l) faces.

In this second part, the directions of the principal vibrations have been determined on the face (010) which can, generally, reflect only elliptically polarized vibrations.

Elliptical reflection factors have been measured on that section (010) and parallel to these principal directions. They are compared with reflectivities measured parallel to the same directions on another plane, of the (h0l) type.

The comparison shows that the ellipticity cannot be neglected. The refractive index nv has been calculated for some wavelenghts.
La façade et les travées occidentales de la cathédrale de Chartres : nouveaux apports de l’archéologie du bâti
Authors: Martin Pierre
Published: June 2019

Édifice emblématique de l’histoire de l’art du Moyen Âge occidental, la cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres a depuis longtemps suscité des débats autour du déroulement de son chantier et de sa position dans les chronologies artistiques. La restauration de l’édifice, entreprise depuis la fin des années 2000, a offert aux spécialistes de nouvelles occasions d’études grâce à la mise en place progressive d’échafaudages, au nettoyage des élévations et à la stabilisation des vitraux. De fait, l’État a initié des analyses sur le décor, la structure et l’histoire de la cathédrale par le recours à des opérations d’archéologie du bâti. La deuxième d’entre elles, réalisée en 2010-2012, a concerné le suivi des restaurations de la façade et les deux travées occidentales de l’édifice. Il s’agissait d’établir la chronologie relative de cette zone complexe de la cathédrale, l’organisation des chantiers, de leur approvisionnement et des techniques de construction tout en les remettant dans leur contexte monumental. Si les résultats demeurent partiels en raison des contraintes propres à l’exercice de l’archéologie préventive, ils ont néanmoins considérablement enrichi la connaissance de cette partie du monument.
Etika odmora i kultura blagdana
Authors: Volarević Mario , Žižić Ivica
Published: June 2019

Članak obrađuje suvremeno etičko i kulturološko pitanje kršćanskoga blagdanskog odmora. Tema se razvija na temelju kritičkog uvida u neke vidove stanja kršćanskih blagdana pod utjecajem svjetovnog moderniteta: pretvorba blagdana u praznike te ispražnjivanje blagdanskog egzistencijala uvjetovanog blagdanskom neurozom. Drugi dio članka izlaže
crkveni nauk o blagdanu i blagdanskom odmoru u specifično kršćanskomu konfesionalnom i identitetskom obliku blagdanskoga svetkovanja te na njegovoj osnovi pruža tumačenje etičkog profila kršćanskog odmora kao protutežu rastućoj sekularizaciji blagdana.
Performance of the Gemini Planet Imager Non-redundant Mask and Spectroscopy of Two Close-separation Binaries: HR 2690 and HD 142527
Authors: Greenbaum Alexandra Z. , Cheetham Anthony , Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Rantakyrö Fredrik T. , Duchêne Gaspard , Tuthill Peter , De Rosa Robert J. , Oppenheimer Rebecca , Macintosh Bruce , Ammons S. Mark , Bailey Vanessa P. , Barman Travis , Bulger Joanna , Cardwell Andrew , Chilcote Jeffrey , Cotten Tara , Doyon Rene , Fitzgerald Michael P. , Follette Katherine B. , Gerard Benjamin L. , Goodsell Stephen J. , Graham James R. , Hibon Pascale , Hung Li-Wei , Ingraham Patrick , Kalas Paul , Konopacky Quinn , Larkin James E. , Maire Jérôme , Marchis Franck , Marley Mark S. , Marois Christian , Metchev Stanimir , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell A. , Morzinski Katie M. , Nielsen Eric L. , Palmer David , Patience Jennifer , Perrin Marshall , Poyneer Lisa , Pueyo Laurent , Rajan Abhijith , Rameau Julien , Sadakuni Naru , Savransky Dmitry , Schneider Adam C. , Song Inseok , Soummer Remi , Thomas Sandrine , Wallace J. Kent , Wang Jason J. , Ward-Duong Kimberly , Wiktorowicz Sloane , Wolff Schuyler
Published: June 2019

The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) contains a 10-hole non-redundant mask (NRM), enabling interferometric resolution in complement to its coronagraphic capabilities. The NRM operates both in spectroscopic (integral field spectrograph, henceforth IFS) and polarimetric configurations. NRM observations were taken between 2013 and 2016 to characterize its performance. Most observations were taken in spectroscopic mode, with the goal of obtaining precise astrometry and spectroscopy of faint companions to bright stars. We find a clear correlation between residual wavefront error measured by the adaptive optic system and the contrast sensitivity by comparing phase errors in observations of the same source, taken on different dates. We find a typical 5σ contrast sensitivity of (2–3) × 10−3 at ∼λ/D. We explore the accuracy of spectral extraction of secondary components of binary systems by recovering the signal from a simulated source injected into several data sets. We outline data reduction procedures unique to GPI’s IFS and describe a newly public data pipeline used for the presented analyses. We demonstrate recovery of astrometry and spectroscopy of two known companions to HR 2690 and HD 142527. NRM+polarimetry observations achieve differential visibility precision of σ ∼ 0.4% in the best case. We discuss its limitations on Gemini-S/GPI for resolving inner regions of protoplanetary disks and prospects for future upgrades. We summarize lessons learned in observing with NRM in spectroscopic and polarimetric modes.
Peculiar Outbursts of an Ultra-luminous Source: Likely Signs of an Aperiodic Disk-wind
Authors: Stiele H. , Kong A. K. H.
Published: June 2019

The metal-rich globular cluster RZ 2109 in the massive Virgo elliptical galaxy NGC 4472 (M49) harbors the ultra-luminous X-ray source XMMU 122939.7+075333. Previous studies showed that this source varies between bright and faint phases on timescales of just a few hours. Here, we report the discovery of two peculiar X-ray bursting events that last for about 8 and 3.5 hr separated by about 3 days. Such a recurring X-ray burst-like behavior has never been observed before. We argue that type-I X-ray bursts or super bursts as well as outburst scenarios requiring a young stellar object are highly unlikely explanations for the observed light curve, leaving an aperiodic disk-wind scenario driven by hyper-Eddington accretion as a viable explanation for this new type of X-ray flaring activity.
The Impact of Collaborative Testing in Graduate Nursing Education
Authors: Phillips Tiffany A. , Munn Allison C. , George Tracy P.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Collaborative testing is an educational strategy that allows students to work in teams when completing an examination.

Method:

Twenty-eight family nurse practitioner students took four course examinations individually and collaboratively. Five comprehensive questions were included on the fourth examination. A survey was administered at the end of the course, with permission.

Results:

All collaborative test scores were higher than the traditional test scores (traditional mean range = 80.78 [8.53] to 84.07 [7.41], collaborative mean range = 93.54 [3.77] to 94.07 [2.80], all
p
values < .001). Students did not demonstrate significant changes in mean scores for cumulative content on test four. Directed content analysis revealed four themes: Enhanced Understanding of Content, Collaboration With Classmates, Socialization, and Improved Grades.

Conclusion:

In graduate nursing education, collaborative testing may be an effective strategy to improve teamwork and communication skills, enrich relationships, and enhance critical thinking.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(6):357–359.]
Integrating Climate Change Topics Into Nursing Curricula
Authors: Neal-Boylan Leslie , Breakey Suellen , Nicholas Patrice K.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Health professionals have a key role in addressing the health impacts of climate change at several levels: direct patient care, client and community education, health professions education, and through advocacy and health policy development.

Method:

Recognizing that nurses are the first line in health education, nursing faculty at the MGH Institute of Health Professions developed the first nurse-led Center for Climate Change, Climate Justice and Health (CCCCJH).

Results:

A steering committee of nurse climate change scholars and interested faculty developed a mission, vision, core values, and a strategic plan for the CCCCJH and are working on integrating climate change topics into nursing curricula at all levels.

Conclusion:

Nurses are in the ideal position to lead the way to increase awareness among health professionals and students about the health impacts of climate change. Curricular integration of climate change topics at all levels will prepare our students to meet the needs and challenges of the future.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(6):364–368.]
Reminiscence About Physical Activity: A Pilot Study to Reduce Pain in Older Adults
Authors: Shellman Juliette , McDonald Deborah Dillon , Ferraro Joseph , Milner Erin
Published: June 2019

The aim of the current randomized attention control pilot study was to conduct a preliminary test of a facilitated reminiscence intervention about past physical activity for the effect on increased physical activity and reduced pain in older adults with osteoarthritis. Thirteen older adults were randomized to the facilitated reminiscence or health education group and participated in six individual sessions over 6 weeks. Reminiscence functions, self-reported physical activity, pain intensity, and pain interference with function were measured at baseline and 1 and 3 months postintervention. Facilitated reminiscence did not result in increased physical activity, but instead resulted in increased pain intensity. Content analysis of reminiscence session transcripts indicated most reminiscence was conversational. Benefits from reminiscence included reconnecting with estranged family and distraction from pain. Past physical activities might be helpful to include as part of a program of facilitated integrated reminiscence for individuals with sufficient history of past physical activity.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2019; 12(4):193–202.]
Aportes da etnografia sul-americanista ao entendimento dos suicídios indígenas: Uma tentativa de síntese a partir de noções divergentes de “psique”/“alma”
Authors: Pechincha Monica
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo é uma tentativa de síntese de relatos etnográficos produzidos no âmbito da etnologia sul-americanista acerca do problema do suicídio entre indígenas. Parte da hipótese do aparecimento ou aumento de suicídios em ondas, predominantemente entre pessoas jovens, como sintomática de um tempo presente, onde pressões semelhantes estariam atingindo novas gerações. A leitura do material bibliográfico, ainda exíguo, fez-se com foco especial nas racionalizações indígenas acerca das condições vividas e sofridas que poderiam levar uma pessoa a passar ao ato. Nestas, fica patente duas ordens de incidência de perturbações sobrepostas: a de fundo “espiritual” em largo espectro, e a de tensões nas relações intergeracionais e entre afins. Em face da indispensabilidade da consideração da noção de pessoa para a abordagem do fenômeno nestas etnografias, e interrogando o enquadramento do problema dos suicídios indígenas no âmbito da “saúde mental”, o artigo coloca em perspectiva ontologias ameríndias e a da psicanálise. Já que em ambas o suicídio está associado a processos de “despersonalização”, examina a possibilidade ou impossibilidade de simetrização do “psíquico”.
Gênero e cotidiano em uma propriedade rural em Altamira, Pará: Uma abordagem por meio de objetos
Authors: Lacerda Paula
Published: June 2019

O ensaio fotográfico teve o objetivo de registrar o cotidiano, por meio dos objetos, em uma propriedade rural ("lote") no município de Altamira (PA), Amazônia, evidenciando as conexões em torno do gênero. Argumento que os objetos, junto às pessoas fotografadas, compõem uma narrativa visual sobre os atos de morar, visitar e hospedar. As imagens foram capturadas em 2014 e 2016, período em que as transformações resultantes da construção da Usina Hidroelétrica de Belo Monte eram visíveis e consolidadas.
A respeito da vida antropológica e da novelização do conhecimento: Reflexões a partir do livro Euphoria, de Lily King
Authors: Machado Igor José de Renó
Published: June 2019

Esse ensaio pretende discutir, de um ponto de vista acadêmico, as potencialidades de um texto ficcional sobre um momento da história da antropologia. Trata-se do livro “Euphoria”, de Lily King, que cria uma ficção em torno do encontro de Margaret Mead, Reo Fortune e Gregory Bateson na Nova Guiné na passagem de 1931para 1932.
Identidad, frontera y oportunidades. Los Ye’kwana de Venezuela en la frontera con Brasil
Authors: Monterrey Nalúa Rosa Silva
Published: June 2019

A partir da minha experiência como pesquisadora entre os Ye'kwana da Bacia do Caura (fronteira com o Brasil) por mais de vinte e cinco anos, e das fontes documentais, analisarei brevemente as formas de organização do Ye'kwana e as suas relações intraétnicas e interétnicas, a fim de pôr em perspectiva a relação binacional com os governos venezuelano e brasileiro, para determinar o impacto que a fronteira tem sobre sua sociedade como um todo.
Indígenas en ciudades “pares” en la Amazonia, entre la invisibilidad y la territorialidad urbana: Una mirada retrospectiva
Authors: Botía Carlos Zárate , Urrego Ángela López
Published: June 2019

Baseado numa revisão retrospectiva e focalizando um amplo diálogo com a antropologia, este artigo apresenta o processo de invisibilização e posterior revitalização étnica, sociocultural e política dos povos indígenas que têm habitado, e habitam, espaços urbanos tidos como cidades ou assentamentos “pares” em áreas fronteiriças e transfronteiriças da Amazônia. Examina especialmente o caso dos indígenas das cidades de Letícia e Tabatinga na tríplice fronteira do Brasil, Colômbia e Peru no contexto da dissolução dos estabelecimentos imperiais, a reconstituição desses assentamentos no século XX até hoje, com ênfase nos processos de recuperação étnica, da luta pelo reconhecimento dos direitos territoriais em espaço urbanos e fronteiriços, além da organização social e política expressa na constituição de cabildos indígenas urbanos.
Com o ‘outro’ nos olhos: alguns aspectos da alteridade na etnologia amazônica
Authors: Teixeira-Pinto Márnio
Published: June 2019

O artigo percorre alguns dos caminhos que é uma das ideias centrais que a etnologia amazônica deve a Patrick Menget. A constatação de que os sistemas sociais amazônicos têm como um de seus pilares constitutivos a referência a formas específicas de alteridade está na origem tanto da profunda renovação de nossa compreensão sobre os coletivos indígenas da América do Sul, quanto dos avanços teóricos que a etnologia amazônica trouxe para a teoria antropológica nas últimas décadas.
Entre l'État, les institutions et les sujets: Considérations sur l'assujettissement, la résistance et les moralités
Authors: Rifiotis Theophilos
Published: June 2019

O objetivo do presente texto é apresentar um conjunto de questões teóricas, políticas e éticas que emergem de modo recorrente de trabalhos etnográficos realizados, desde 1996, pelo coletivo de pesquisa do Laboratório de Estudos das Violências (LEVIS) da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Apresento, inicialmente, os elementos de base da nossa trajetória de pesquisa no campo da violência, sem qualquer pretensão de exemplaridade. Em seguida, trago uma reflexão crítica sobre estratégias teóricas e metodológicas, particularmente relacionadas à noção de "economia moral" nas nossas pesquisas. Trata-se de um exercício preliminar de sistematização focado no papel que a antropologia pode assumir na agenda social da produção da justiça no Brasil. Minha argumentação traz uma reflexão sobre a noção de economia moral e sua relevância para a análise de políticas públicas e movimentos sociais no campo da violência, justiça e direitos humanos. Especificamente, gostaria de colocar em evidência como teoria, política e ética são indissociáveis no nosso trabalho para discutir os fundamentos que guiam a nossa pesquisa em três domínios analiticamente complementares: 1) produção e caráter moral da violência; 2) lei e judicialização das relações sociais; e 3) a construção jurídica do sujeito-vítima.
CARACTERÍSTICAS DA MATA CILIAR EM DIFERENTES USOS DA TERRA E OS CONFLITOS DE USOS EM FAXINAL
Authors: Kutzmy Adriane Martinhuk , Antoneli Valdemir , Maganhotto Ronaldo Ferreira
Published: June 2019

Os diferentes tipos de uso da terra podem causar problemas na mata ciliar, principalmente em áreas de pastagens em sistema de Faxinal que é caracterizado pela criação de animais de modo comunitário, com estilo clássico associado ao extrativismo de baixo impacto e agricultura familiar nos locais fora da área de pastagem. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar como o uso da terra influencia na estrutura da mata ciliar em duas formas distintas de uso do solo (criadouro comunitário e áreas agrícolas) na bacia do rio Tijuco Preto no município de Prudentópolis-PR. Analisamos cinco usos da terra, sendo dois em uma área com atividades agrícolas (Capoeira e Floresta Natural), denominada fora dos limites do Faxinal e outras três presentes em área com atividades tradicionais do Sistema Faxinal (Mata Cercada, Pastagem Aberta e Pastagem Fechada), denominadas dentro dos limites do Faxinal. Mensuramos a estrutura da vegetação (espécie e espacialização das árvores). Após análises dos dados, concluímos que as áreas denominadas fora dos limites do Faxinal, apesar de possuírem alterações na estrutura da vegetação, são as que mais preservam a mata ciliar; e as áreas dentro dos limites do Faxinal apresentam variação em relação ao nível de conservação de acordo com os usos dessa área. A Mata Cercada possui melhores condições de conservação da mata ciliar nessa ocupação. A Pastagem Fechada indicou as piores condições de conservação da mata ciliar, seguida da Pastagem Aberta.
Amphiphilic Functionalized Montmorillonite as Possible Carriers for Hydrophobic Compounds
Authors: Shen Ke Xuan , Sun Shi Yong , Wang Ke , Ma Biao Biao , Dong Fa Qin , Ren Yu Quan , Fan Xiao Yu
Published: June 2019

Amphiphilic functionalized montmorillonite (MMT) has been employed in hydrophobic compounds delivery systems. In the present study, MMT intercalated by 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APS) was employed for the delivery of the model compounds of resveratrol (RSV). The structure and surface morphology of APS-MMT were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle analysis. The loading and release efficiencies of RSV were also investigated. Our study showed that the aminosilane-modified MMT is promising for use in poorly water-soluble compounds carrier systems owing to their natural and excellent performance.
Influence of La2O3 Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3 Ceramics
Authors: Ge Xing Ze , Ge Qi , Ge Xing Shuo , Ji Deng Hui , Huang Ying , Zhang Zhong Lun , Zhang Hong Bo
Published: June 2019

In this paper, alumina ceramics were prepared with alumina powder and lanthanum nitrate. The influence of La2O3 on the microstructure and properties of alumina ceramics were studied. The result showed that the addition of La2O3 contributed to the mechanical property of the samples. The alumina ceramics with adding of 0.05wt% La2O3 sintered at 1490°C had the best mechanical properties. And the flexural strength, fracture toughness of the ceramics could reach 571.902MPa and 5.82MPa•m1/2，which were improved by 37.55% and 10.65% respectively compared with the alumina ceramics without La2O3. Besides, the average grain size of alumina ceramic is about 2.8μm, and the effect of inhibition on grain growth of alumina ceramics was obvious.
Abstract Book of the 33° Congresso Nazionale SIGOT - Bologna, 5-7 giugno 2019
Authors: Pilotto Alberto
Published: June 2019

Abstract Book of the 33° Congresso Nazionale SIGOT - Bologna, 5-7 giugno 2019.
Automated Driving System (ADS) Marker Lamp
Authors:   Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
Published: June 2019

This SAE Recommended Practice provides guidelines for the use, performance, installation, activation, and switching of marking lamps on ADS-equipped vehicles.
When Losing Money and Time Feels Good: The Paradoxical Role of Flow in Gambling
Authors: Lavoie Raymond V , Main Kelley J
Published: June 2019

Despite being well-known for its positive consequences, the psychological state of flow has raised some concerns. In this research, we advanced our understanding of the relationships that flow has in the context of online gambling. Across two studies, in which participants played blackjack and slots, we demonstrated that flow is associated with an increase in the amount of time spent gambling. Flow is also related to an increase in the amount of money spent. We demonstrated that the reason that flow increases the amount of playing time is that its inherently enjoyable nature makes it difficult to stop. We also tested the alternative hypothesis that this relationship occurs because in flow, people lose track of time. Although flow is related to losing track of time, that does not mediate the relationship with playing time. Lastly, we demonstrated that despite losing more money and spending more time while gambling, those who experienced flow had more enjoyable experiences overall, creating a counterintuitive and potentially dangerous situation for gamblers. A secondary goal of this research was to explore ways in which to protect consumers from this paradox. We used warning messages and on-screen interruptions to potentially thwart flow. However, both tactics were ineffective. We discuss the implications for future research and practice.RésuméBien qu’il soit connu pour ses conséquences positives, l’état de fonctionnement psychologique optimal (state of flow) suscite certaines inquiétudes. Dans cette recherche, nous approfondissons notre compréhension des relations propres à cet état qui s’établissent dans le contexte du jeu en ligne. Dans deux études dans lesquelles les participants ont joué au blackjack et à des machines à sous, nous avons démontré que l’état optimal est associé à une augmentation du temps passé à jouer. Cet état psychologique est également lié à une augmentation des dépenses. Nous démontrons la raison pour laquelle l’état optimal augmente le temps de jeu, notamment sa nature intrinsèquement agréable qui rend un arrêt difficile. Nous avons également testé l’autre hypothèse selon laquelle cette relation est due au fait que, dans cet état optimal, les gens perdent le contrôle du temps. Bien que cet état soit lié à la perte de la notion du temps, cela ne modifie pas la relation avec le temps de jeu. Enfin, nous démontrons que malgré la perte d’argent et la perte de temps au jeu, ceux qui vivent une expérience optimale au jeu ont eu des expériences plus agréables dans l’ensemble, créant une situation contre-intuitive et potentiellement nocive pour les joueurs. Un objectif secondaire de cette recherche est d’explorer les moyens de protéger les consommateurs de ce paradoxe. Nous avons utilisé des messages d’avertissement et des interruptions à l’écran pour tenter d’entraver l’état optimal, en vain. Ces deux tactiques se révèlent inefficaces. Nous abordons les répercussions pour la recherche et la pratique futures.
Técnicas para controle químico de palmeiras invasoras em Unidade de Conservação na região metropolitana de São Paulo
Authors: Gonçalves Lazzaro Luiza , Da Silva Cunha de Barros Ana Beatriz , Esteves Rejane , Pereira Muniz de Souza Silvana Cristina , Macedo Ivanauskas Natália
Published: June 2019

Espécies invasoras prejudicam as comunidades vegetais autóctones por eliminar diretamente as espécies nativas ou por inibir a sua regeneração. Há evidências de que as palmeiras exóticas Livistona chinensis e Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, que colonizam remanescentes de Floresta Atlântica, ameaçam os processos sucessionais da vegetação natural e, portanto, devem ser controladas. Neste estudo, avaliamos a eficácia do controle químico dessas palmeiras exóticas com o herbicida glifosato. Efetuamos o controle químico por meio da injeção de glifosato (ROUNDUP TRANSORB R 30%) no estipe de 30 indivíduos de cada espécie, em dosagens variáveis de acordo com o porte das palmeiras. Os sinais de senescência foram ilustrados, descritos e acompanhados semanalmente até a morte de todas as palmeiras, que demorou 18 semanas para L. chinensis e 29 semanas para A. cunninghamiana. O glifosato mostrou-se eficaz para ambas as espécies e recomendado para o controle de palmeiras adultas de grande porte, as quais devem ser priorizadas no manejo, a fim de eliminar as matrizes responsáveis pela oferta de propágulos.
100 Westerns
Authors: Buscombe Edward
Published: June 2019

Addresses the perennial appeal of the Western, exploring its 19th century popular culture, and its relationship to the economic structure of Hollywood. This work considers the defining features of the Western and traces its main cycles, from the epic Westerns of the 1920s and singing cowboys of the 1930s to the Spaghetti Westerns of the 1960s.
Global Hollywood 2
Authors: Miller Toby , Govil Nitin , McMurria John , Maxwell Richard , Wang Ting
Published: June 2019

Substantially revised and updated, this book highlights how Hollywood has transformed itself to attain ever global clout and reach and the material factors underlining Hollywood's apparent artistic success. It takes into consideration recent events affecting Hollywood such as 9/11, US foreign policy and developments in consumer technology.
Withnail and I
Authors: Jackson Kevin
Published: June 2019

Kevin Jackson recounts that experience in addition to giving a full account of the film's production. But chiefly he analyses the mood and magic of the film, its aesthetics and sensibility, seeking to show, without ever detracting from the film's comic brilliance, just how much more there is to Withnail & I than drunkenness and swearing. 'It is an outstandingly touching yet witheringly unsentimental drama of male friendship,' Jackson writes, 'a bleak up-ending of the English pastoral dream, a piece of ferocious verbal inventiveness' - and, without question, one of the greatest of all British films.
Mediação como política pública para tratamento de conflitos consumeristas
Authors: Meinero Fernando Pedro , Sartor Meinero Fernanda
Published: June 2019

A fim de combater a litigiosidade, bem como promover mudanças na cultura do litígio, outras formas de tratamento de conflitos foram promovidas no ordenamento brasileiro, tais como a mediação e a arbitragem. Além disto, o Conselho Nacional de Justiça por meio da Resolução 125/2010, instituiu a Política Judiciária Nacional que trata sobre a implantação de ações para a promoção de métodos consensuais de tratamento de conflitos. A mediação foi regulamentada pela Lei 13.140/15 e pelo novo Código de Processo Civil (Lei nº 13.105/2015) como prática adjudicatória em que há vínculo entre os envolvidos. Portanto, na concepção da norma, é possível os conflitos decorrentes de relações de consumo se submeterem à mediação. Assim, a pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar se a mediação, na forma em que foi positivada, pode se tornar uma adequada ferramenta de acesso à justiça para os consumidores considerando a sua vulnerabilidade. O estudo revela que a forma como foi implementada a mediação no Brasil pode recair na lógica adversarial, aumentando a desproteção já sofrida pelo consumidor quando não há interesse na recomposição da relação. Utilizar-se-á como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória, adotando-se como principais referenciais teóricos Luis Alberto Warat e Pierre Bourdieu.
Financiamento transgeracional da infraestrutura verde florestal : o sistema de pagamento por serviços ambientais como instrumento de gestão de riscos na sociedade contemporânea
Authors: Carvalho Délton Winter de , Barbosa Kelly De Souza
Published: June 2019

Inconteste a exuberância da natureza brasileira, sobretudo quanto as florestas e áreas de vegetação nativa. No entanto, tais áreas verdes estão sob constante perigo e risco, influenciando (in)diretamente na perpetuação digna da espécie humana e dos demais seres vivos, sendo urgente a harmonização entre as agendas de proteção ambiental e crescimento econômico, a qual pode ser alcançada via valoração dos serviços ecossistêmicos. Destarte, utilizando os métodos dedutivo e descritivo, alicerçados na pesquisa bibliográfica, e sob a perspectiva da Teoria do Direito dos Desastres, analisou-se como o Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais deve ser utilizado como alternativa juseconômica para o financiamento da infraestrutura verde florestal no Brasil. Haja vista que congrega os imperativos ecológicos intergeracionais, de sustentabilidade e socioeconômicos, no contexto da gestão de riscos, sendo respaldado pelo Direito pátrio, o qual ainda precisa de aperfeiçoamento, bem como apresenta promissores resultados para se alcançar os objetivos do Estado socioambiental.
A discriminação racial no Brasil e a ascensão do povo negro : um olhar a partir dos princípios constitucionais na luta pela cidadania inclusiva
Authors: Barros Bruno Mello Correa de , Albrecht Rita Mara
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho tem como escopo de desenvolvimento travar uma análise crítico-reflexiva acerca do povo negro e sua luta pela cidadania inclusiva. Nesse sentido, quer objetivamente verificar os instrumentos e princípios constitucionais que balizam tal circunstância, de modo que tal nicho social tenha acesso pleno a todos os bens jurídicos tutelados pelo ordenamento, tais como educação, saúde, transporte e outros direitos fundamentais. Sendo assim, o artigo encontra-se dividido em três estruturas, a primeira pontuando acerca da discriminação racial sob o ponto de vista histórico e cultural, já o segundo eixo destina-se a traçar um olhar sobre a ascensão, desenvolvimento e transformação social do povo negro na contemporaneidade. Por fim, o último eixo tem como pressuposto verificar os princípios constitucionais que balizam uma cidadania inclusiva, com base na observação da ADPF n 186. Para a feitura do presente trabalho utilizou-se em sede de aporte metodológico o método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, calcado nas premissas constitucionais, bem como método de abordagem histórico e funcionalista. Corroborando tais métodos implementou-se a utilização da técnica de pesquisa baseada em fonte documental e pesquisa bibliográfica.
¿Son parte del bloque de constitucionalidad los principales tratados internacionales de derechos humanos de la ONU en Chile? Del texto positivo a la aplicación en tribunales de justicia
Authors: Pablo Díaz Fuenzalida Juan
Published: June 2019

El presente trabajo estudia si los principales tratados internacionales de derechos humanos de la ONU son parte del bloque de constitucionalidad en Chile. Para responder a aquella interrogante se sintetizan los principales argumentos doctrinarios para aplicar los tratados sobre derechos humanos en Chile; se analiza la normativa constitucional aplicable en Chile para aplicar los tratados referidos; y, finalmente se comprueba si los tratados citados son utilizados en los máximos tribunales de justicia. Se desarrolla cada punto anterior con doctrina, normativa nacional e internacional y con jurisprudencia de los máximos tribunales de justicia. La investigación cristaliza al evidenciar que desde todos los prismas son aplicables cada uno de los tratados revisados en Chile. Las conclusiones son que los principales tratados sobre derechos de la ONU son parte del bloque de constitucionalidad en Chile, tanto en el texto positivo como en la práctica en los tribunales de justicia, abriendo un abanico de derechos fundamentales para todos los habitantes
On the seasonal variation of observed size distributions in Northern Europe and their changes with decreasing anthropogenic emissions in Europe: climatology and trend analysis based on 17 years data from Aspvreten, Sweden
Authors: Tunved Peter , Ström Johan
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Size resolved aerosol trends were investigate based on a 17-year data set (2000–2017) from the rural background site Aspvreten located in southern Sweden (58.8° N, 17.4° E). Cluster analysis of the size distributions was performed to aid in the interpretation of the data. The results confirm previous findings of decreasing aerosol mass during last decades as a result of reduced anthropogenic emissions in Europe. We show that both particle modal number concentration and size substantially has been reduced during last decades. Negative trends in particle number concentration of about 10 cm−3 y−1 is present for nuclei, Aitken and accumulation modes. In total, integral particle number concentration has decreased by 30 %, from 1860 cm−3 to ca 1300 cm−3. This decrease is similar to observations found at other stations in Northern Europe. The reduction in modal number concentration is accompanied by a decrease in modal size, and this decrease is largest for the accumulation mode (2 nm y−1 or about 17 % for the whole period). These reductions have resulted in a decrease in submicron particle mass (
Evidence of the complexity of aerosol transport in the lower
troposphere on the Namibian coast during AEROCLO-sA
Authors: Chazette Patrick , Flamant Cyrille , Totems Julien , Gaetani Marco , Smith Gwendoline , Baron Alexandre , Landsheere Xavier , Desboeufs Karine , Doussin Jean-François , Formenti Paola
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The evolution of the vertical distribution and optical properties of aerosols in the free troposphere, above stratocumulus, is analysed for the first time over the Namibian coast, a region where uncertainties on aerosol-cloud coupling in climate simulations are significant. We show the high variability of atmospheric aerosol composition in the lower and middle troposphere during the AEROCLO-sA field campaign (22 August–12 September 2017) around the Henties Bay supersite, using a combination of ground-based, airborne and space-borne lidar measurements. Three distinct periods of 4 to 7 days are observed, associated with increasing aerosol loads (aerosol optical thickness at 550 nm ranging from ~ 0.2 to ~ 0.7), as well as increasing aerosol layer depth and top altitude. Aerosols are observed up to 6 km above mean sea level during the later period. Aerosols transported within the free troposphere are mainly polluted dust (dust mixed with smoke from fires in Angola) for the first 2 periods (22 August–1 September 2017) and smoke (from Angola and South America) for the last part (3–9 September) of the field campaign. Lagrangian back trajectory analyses highlight that the highest aerosol layers (between 5 and 6 km above mean sea level) come from South America (Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay) and reach Henties Bay after 4 to 5 days. They are transported eastward by the mid latitude westerlies and towards Southern Africa by the equatorward moving cut-off low originating within the westerlies. This results in a very complex mixture of aerosols over the coastal regions of Namibia that must be taken into account when investigating aerosols radiative effects above stratocumulus clouds in the south east Atlantic Ocean.
Homogeneity criteria from AVHRR information within IASI pixels in a numerical weather prediction context
Authors: Farouk Imane , Fourrié Nadia , Guidard Vincent
Published: June 2019

Abstract. This article focuses on the selection of satellite infrared IASI (Infrared
Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) observations in the global numerical
weather prediction (NWP) system ARPEGE (Action de Recherche Petite Echelle
Grande Echelle). The observation simulation is performed with the
sophisticated radiative transfer model RTTOV-CLD, which takes into account
the cloud scattering and the multilayer clouds from atmospheric profiles and
cloud microphysical profiles (liquid water content, ice content and cloud
fraction). The aim of this work is to select homogeneous scenes by using the
information of the collocated Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
(AVHRR) pixels inside each IASI field of view and to retain the most
favourable cases for the assimilation of IASI infrared radiances. Two methods
to select homogeneous scenes using homogeneity criteria already proposed in
the literature were adapted: the criteria derived from
Martinet et al. (2013) for cloudy sky selection in the French mesoscale
model AROME (Applications of Research to Operations at MEsoscale) and the
criteria from Eresmaa (2014) for clear-sky selection in the global
model IFS (Integrated Forecasting System). A comparison between these methods
reveals considerable differences, in both the method to compute the criteria
and the statistical results. From this comparison a revised method
representing a kind of compromise between the different tested methods is
proposed and it uses the two infrared AVHRR channels to define the
homogeneity criteria in the brightness temperature space. This revised method
has a positive impact on the observation minus the simulation statistics,
while retaining 36 % of observations for the assimilation. It was then
tested in the NWP system ARPEGE for the clear-sky assimilation. These
criteria were added to the current data selection based on the McNally and
Watts (2003) cloud detection scheme. It appears that the impact on analyses
and forecasts is rather neutral.
Retrieval of intrinsic mesospheric gravity wave parameters using lidar and airglow temperature and meteor radar wind data
Authors: Reichert Robert , Kaifler Bernd , Kaifler Natalie , Rapp Markus , Pautet Pierre-Dominique , Taylor Michael J. , Kozlovsky Alexander , Lester Mark , Kivi Rigel
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We analyze gravity waves in the mesosphere, lower thermosphere region from high-resolution temperature variation measured by Rayleigh lidar and OH temperature mapper. From this combination of instruments, aided by meteor radar wind data, the full set of ground-relative and intrinsic gravity wave parameters are derived by means of the novel WAPITI method. This Wavelet Analysis and Phase line IdenTIfication tool decomposes the gravity wave field into its spectral components while preserving the temporal resolution, allowing us to identify and study the evolution of gravity wave packets in the varying background. We describe WAPITI and demonstrate its capabilities for the large-amplitude gravity wave event on 16/17 December 2015 observed at Sodankylä, Finland, during the GW-LCYCLE-II field campaign. We present horizontal and vertical wavelengths, phase velocities, propagation directions and intrinsic periods including uncertainties. The results are discussed for three main spectral regions, representing short, medium and long-period gravity waves. We observe a complex superposition of gravity waves at different scales, partly generated by gravity wave breaking, evolving in accordance with a vertically and presumably also horizontally sheared wind.
Evidence of intense climate variation and reduced ENSO activity from δ18O of Tridacna 3700 years ago
Authors: Hu Yue , Sun Xiaoming , Cheng Hai , Yan Hong
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Tridacna is the largest marine bivalves in the tropical ocean, and its carbonate shell can shed light on high-resolution paleoclimate reconstruction. In this contribution, δ18Oshell was used to estimate the climatic variation in the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea. We first evaluate the sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) influence on modern rehandled monthly (r-monthly) resolution Tridacna gigas δ18Oshell. The obtained results reveal that δ18Oshell seasonal variation is mainly controlled by SST and appear insensitive to local SSS change. Thus, the δ18O of Tridacna shells can be roughly used as a proxy of the local SST: a 1 ‰ δ18Oshell change is roughly equal to 4.41 °C of SST. R-monthly δ18O of a 40-year Tridacna squamosa (3673 ± 28 BP) from the North Reef of Xisha Islands was analyzed and compared with the modern specimen. The difference between the average δ18O of fossil Tridacna shell (δ18O = −1.34 ‰) and modern Tridacna specimen (δ18O = −1.15 ‰) probably implies a warm climate with roughly 0.84°C higher in 3700 years ago. The seasonal variation in 3700 years ago was slightly decreased compared with that suggested by the instrument data, and the switching between warm and cold-seasons was rapid. Higher amplitude in r-monthly and r-annual reconstructed SST anomalies implies an enhanced climate variability in this past warm period. Investigation of the El Ninõ-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variation (based on the reconstructed SST series) indicates a reduced ENSO frequency but more extreme El Ninõ events in 3700 years ago.
Can the growth of deltaic shorelines be unstable?
Authors: Zhao Meng , Salter Gerard , Voller Vaughan R. , Li Shuwang
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We study a sedimentary delta prograding over a fixed adversely sloping bathymetry, asking whether a perturbation to the advancing shoreline will grow (unstable) or decay (stable) through time. To start, we use a geometric model to identify the condition for acceleration of the shoreline advance (auto-acceleration). We then model the growth of a delta on to a fixed adverse bathymetry, solving for the speed of the shoreline as a function of the water depth, foreset repose angle, fluvial top set slope, and shoreline curvature. Through a linearization of this model, we arrive at a stability criterion for a delta shoreline, indicating that auto-acceleration is a necessary condition for unstable growth. This is the first time such a shoreline instability has been identified and analyzed. We use the derived stability criterion to identify a characteristic lateral length scale for the shoreline morphology resulting from an unstable growth. On considering experimental and field conditions, we observe that this length scale is typically larger than other geomorphic features in the system, e.g., channel spacings and dimensions, suggesting that the signal of the shoreline growth instability in the landscape might be “shredded” by other surface building processes, e.g., channel avulsions and alongshore transport.
Algorithmic Differentiation for Cloud Schemes
Authors: Baumgartner Manuel , Sagebaum Max , Gauger Nicolas R. , Spichtinger Peter , Brinkmann André
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Numerical models in atmospheric sciences do not only need to approximate the flow equations on a suitable computational grid, but they also include subgrid effects of many non-resolved physical processes. Among others, the formation and evolution of cloud particles is an example of such subgrid processes. Moreover, to date there is no universal mathematical description of a cloud, hence many cloud schemes were proposed and these schemes typically contain several uncertain parameters. In this study, we propose the use of algorithmic differentiation (AD) as a method to spot parameters within the cloud scheme, to which the output of the cloud scheme is most sensitive. We illustrate the methodology by analyzing a scheme for liquid clouds, incorporated into a parcel model framework. Since the occurrence of uncertain parameters is not limited to cloud schemes, the AD methodology may help to spot the most sensitive uncertain parameters in any subgrid scheme and therefore help limiting the application of Uncertainty Quantification to the most crucial parameters.
Hydrologic-Land Surface Modelling of a Complex System under Precipitation
Uncertainty: A Case Study of the Saskatchewan River Basin, Canada
Authors: Yassin Fuad , Razavi Saman , Wong Jefferson S. , Pietroniro Alain , Wheater Howard
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Hydrologic-Land Surface Models (H-LSMs) have been progressively developed to a stage where they represent the dominant hydrological processes for a variety of hydrological regimes and include a range of water management practices, and are increasingly used to simulate water storages and fluxes of large basins under changing environmental conditions across the globe. However, efforts for comprehensive evaluation of the utility of H-LSMs in large, regulated watersheds have been limited. In this study, we evaluated the capability of a Canadian H-LSM, called MESH, in the highly regulated Saskatchewan River Basin (SaskRB), Canada, under the constraint of significant precipitation uncertainty. The SaskRB is a complex system characterized by hydrologically-distinct regions that include the Rocky Mountains, Boreal Forest, and the Prairies. This basin is highly vulnerable to potential climate change and extreme events. A comprehensive analysis of the MESH model performance was carried out in two steps. First, the reliability of multiple precipitation products was evaluated against climate station observations and based on their performance in simulating streamflow across the basin when forcing the MESH model with a default parameterization. Second, a state-of-the-art multi-criteria calibration approach was applied, using various observational information including streamflow, storage and fluxes for calibration and validation. The first analysis shows that the quality of precipitation products had a direct and immediate impact on simulation performance for the basin headwaters but effects were dampened when going downstream. In particular, the Canadian Precipitation Analysis (CaPA) performed the best among the precipitation products in capturing timings and minimizing the magnitude of error against observation, despite a general underestimation of precipitation amount. The subsequent analyses show that the MESH model was able to capture observed responses of multiple fluxes and storage across the basin using a global multi-station calibration method. Despite poorer performance in some basins, the global parameterization generally achieved better model performance than a default model parameterization. Validation using storage anomaly and evapotranspiration generally showed strong correlation with observations, but revealed potential deficiencies in the simulation of storage anomaly over open water areas.