bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transmission of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with artificial and natural inoculum in a wet and dry canopy
Authors: LeClair Erin , Conner Robert , Robinson Darren , Gillard Chris L.
Published: May 2015

LeClair, E., Conner, R., Robinson, D. and Gillard, C. L. 2015. Transmission of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with artificial and natural inoculum in a wet and dry canopy. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 913–921. Anthracnose [Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magn.) Lams. – Scrib.] is a serious pathogen of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Disease transmission on artificial materials and clothing has been observed in other crops, where equipment and workers transmit pathogens from infected to clean plants. Initial studies in 2008 and 2009 at Exeter, ON, determined that anthracnose transmission in dry bean as measured by resultant disease severity occurred with denim, leather, metal, and rubber using a 107 spores mL−1 prepared artificial spore inoculum in both wet and dry crop canopies. In 2012 and 2013 at Morden, MB, and Ridgetown, ON, the studies were expanded by adding a 105 spores mL−1 prepared artificial and a natural inoculum source. Inoculum source and canopy moisture had the greatest effect on disease severity, while no differences were observed between materials within an inoculum sources. Transmission in wet canopy conditions resulted in a higher infection rate. Canopy moisture impacted the natural inoculum the most. The 107 spores mL−1 inoculum transmitted the most disease followed by natural incidence and 105 spores mL−1 inoculum in wet conditions. In dry conditions 107 spores mL−1 inoculum transmitted the most disease followed by 105 spores mL−1 inoculum and natural incidence. Producers need to recognize that there is real risk for the anthracnose transmission by common materials in dry bean, and take appropriate precautions to prevent it.
Pratt timothy
Authors: Papadopoulos Y. A. , Christie B. R. , McRae K. B. , Gehl D. , Fillmore S. A. E.
Published: May 2015

Papadopoulos, Y. A., Christie, B. R., McRae, K. B., Gehl, D. and Fillmore, S. A. E. 2015. Pratt timothy. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1047–1048. Pratt timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is an 11-clone synthetic cultivar developed through progeny testing for general combining ability at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Pratt timothy was selected for winter hardiness, plant vigour, plant height, and intermediate maturity (similar to the check cultivar Climax but later than Champ). In Atlantic Canada, Pratt timothy produced more forage than Champ during 3 production years. This cultivar was superior in persistence and re-growth potential with greater production of second-cut herbage.
Evaluation of Canadian barley breeding lines for Fusarium head blight resistance
Authors: He Xinyao , Osman Mohamed , Helm James , Capettini Flavio , Singh Pawan K.
Published: May 2015

He, X., Osman, M., Helm, J., Capettini, F. and Singh, P. K. 2015. Evaluation of Canadian barley breeding lines for Fusarium head blight resistance. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 923–929. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major challenge to the successful production of barley in Canada, as well as for end-users such as the malting and brewing industries. Due to the quantitative inheritance of FHB resistance, continuous effort is required to identify breeding lines with improved FHB resistance and incorporate them into crossing schemes to enhance FHB resistance. In the present study, 402 advanced breeding lines from Alberta, Canada, were evaluated in the FHB screening nursery at CIMMYT, Mexico. In 2011 and 2012, FHB incidence was measured on a scale of 1 to 4 to eliminate the most susceptible lines. In 2013 and 2014, 181 lines with the lowest disease scores in the previous 2 yr were tested in replicated experiments for field FHB index, Fusarium-damaged kernels, and deoxynivalenol content. Agronomic and morphological traits, specifically days to heading, plant height, and row and hull types were also evaluated in relations to FHB parameters. Correlation coefficients among the three FHB parameters in both 2013 and 2014 were all significant at P<0.0001, ranging from 0.36 to 0.63. Additional correlation analysis showed that late-maturing, tall, and two-row lines tended to have lower disease, whereas hull type did not show a significant correlation with FHB. Several lines with high and stable FHB resistance similar to that of the resistant checks were identified. These could be used in breeding programs as resistance sources or be registered as new cultivars if their overall attributes meet commercial standards.
Dissimilar bacterial and fungal decomposer communities across rich to poor fen peatlands exhibit functional redundancy
Authors: Haynes Kristine M. , Preston Michael D. , McLaughlin James W. , Webster Kara , Basiliko Nathan
Published: May 2015

Haynes, K. M., Preston, M. D., McLaughlin, J. W., Webster, K. and Basiliko, N. 2015. Dissimilar bacterial and fungal decomposer communities across rich to poor fen peatlands exhibit functional redundancy. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 219–230. Climatic and environmental changes can lead to shifts in the dominant vegetation communities present in northern peatland ecosystems, including from Sphagnum- to vascular-dominated systems. Such shifts in vegetation result in changes to the chemical quality of carbon substrates for soil microbial decomposers, with leaves and roots deposited in the peat surface and subsurface that potentially decompose faster. This study characterized the bacterial and fungal communities present along a nutrient gradient ranging from rich to poor fen peatlands and assessed the metabolic potential of these communities to mineralize a variety of organic matter substrates of varying chemical complexity using substrate-induced respiration (SIR) assays. Distinct microbial communities existed between rich, intermediate and poor fens, but SIR in each of the three sites exhibited the same pattern of carbon mineralization, providing support for the concept of functional redundancy, at least under standardized in vitro conditions. Preferential mineralization of simple organic substrates in the rich fen and complex compounds in the poor fen was not observed. Similarly, no preference was given to “native” organic matter extracts derived from each fen, with microbial communities opting for the most bioavailable substrate. This study suggests that soil bacteria and fungi might be able to respond relatively rapidly to shifts in vegetation communities and subsequent changes in the quality of carbon substrate additions to peatlands associated with environmental and climatic change.
The accuracy of an electronic Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index auto-populated from the electronic health record
Authors: Morley J.E. , Huang J. , Liu V. , Anderson M.L. , Drenten C. E. , Radecki R.P. , Nishijima D.K. , Reed M.E. , Vinson D.R. ,   the Kaisers Permanente CREST Network
Published: May 2015

Background: The Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Severity Index identifies emergency department (ED) patients with acute PE that can be safely managed without hospitalization. However, the Index comprises 11 weighted variables, complexity that can impede its integration into contextual work-flow.

Objective: We designed a computerized version of the PE Severity Index (e-Index) to automatically extract the required variables from discrete fields in the electronic health record (EHR). We tested the e-Index on the study population to determine its accuracy compared with a gold standard generated by physician abstraction of the EHR on manual chart review.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adults with objectively-confirmed acute PE in four community EDs from 2010–2012. Outcomes included performance characteristics of the e-Index for individual values, the number of cases requiring physician editing, and the accuracy of the e-Index risk category (low vs. higher).

Results: For the 593 eligible patients, there were 6,523 values automatically extracted. Fifty one of these needed physician editing, yielding an accuracy at the value-level of 99.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 99.0%-99.4%). Sensitivity was 96.9% (95% CI, 96.0%-97.9%) and specificity was 99.8% (95% CI, 99.7%-99.9%). The 51 corrected values were distributed among 47 cases: 43 cases required the correction of one variable and four cases required the correction of two. At the risk-category level, the e-Index had an accuracy of 96.8% (95% CI, 95.0%-98.0%), under-classifying 16 higher-risk cases (2.7%) and over-classifying 3 low-risk cases (0.5%).

Conclusion: Our automated extraction of variables from the EHR for the e-Index demonstrates substantial accuracy, requiring a minimum of physician editing. This should increase user acceptability and implementation success of a computerized clinical decision support system built around the e-Index, and may serve as a model to automate other complex risk stratification instruments.

Citation: Vinson DR, Morley JE, Huang J, Liu V, Anderson ML, Drenten CE, Radecki RP, Nishijima DK, Reed ME. The accuracy of an electronic pulmonary embolism severity index auto-populated from the electronic health record. Appl Clin Inf 2015; 6: 318–333

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-12-RA-0116
CFD modeling of a vehicle exhaust laboratory sampling system: sulfur-driven nucleation and growth in diluting diesel exhaust
Authors: Olin M. , Rönkkö T. , Dal Maso M.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. A new exhaust aerosol model CFD-TUTEAM (Tampere University of Technology Exhaust Aerosol Model for Computational Fluid Dynamics) was developed. It is based on modal aerosol dynamics modeling with log-normal assumption of particle distributions. The model has an Eulerian sub-model providing detailed spatial information within the computational domain and a computationally less expensive, but spatial-information-lacking, Lagrangian sub-model. Particle formation in a laboratory sampling system that includes a porous tube-type diluter and an aging chamber was modeled with CFD-TUTEAM. The simulation results imply that over 99% of new particles are formed in the aging chamber region because the nucleation rate remains at a high level in the aging chamber due to low dilution ratio and low nucleation exponents. The nucleation exponents for sulfuric acid in sulfuric-acid–water nucleation ranging from 0.25 to 1 appeared to fit best with measurement data, which are the same values as obtained from the slopes of the measured volatile nucleation mode number concentration vs. the measured raw exhaust sulfuric acid concentration. These nucleation exponents are very low compared to the nucleation exponents obtained from the classical nucleation theory of binary sulfuric-acid–water nucleation. The values of nucleation exponent lower than unity suggest that other compounds, such as hydrocarbons, might have a significant role in the nucleation process.
EARLINET Single Calculus Chain – general presentation methodology and strategy
Authors: D'Amico G. , Amodeo A. , Baars H. , Binietoglou I. , Freudenthaler V. , Mattis I. , Wandinger U. , Pappalardo G.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. In this paper we describe the EARLINET Single Calculus Chain (SCC) a tool for the automatic analysis of lidar measurements. The development of this tool started in the framework of EARLINET-ASOS (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network – Advanced Sustainable Observation System) project and it is still continuing within ACTRIS (Aerosol, Clouds and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network) project. The main idea was to develop a chain which allows all EARLINET stations to retrieve in a full automatic way the aerosol backscatter and extinction profiles starting from the raw lidar data of the lidar systems they operate. The calculus subsystem of the SCC is composed by two modules: a pre-processor module that handles the raw lidar data and corrects them for instrumental effects and an optical processing module for the retrieval of aerosol optical products from the pre-processed data. All the input parameters needed to perform the lidar analysis are stored in a database to get them in an efficient way and also to keep track of all the changes that may occur on any EARLINET lidar system over the time. The two calculus modules and the data are coordinated and synchronized by a further module (deamon) which makes fully automatic the whole analysis process. The end-user can interact with the SCC using a user-friendly web interface. All the SCC modules are developed using open source and free available software packages. The final products retrieved by the SCC fulfill all constraints fixed in the framework of the EARLINET quality assurance programs on both instrumental and algorithm levels. Moreover the man power needed to provide aerosol optical products is greatly reduced improving the near-real time availability of lidar data. The high quality of the SCC products is demonstrated by the good agreement between the SCC analysis and the corresponding independent manual retrievals. Finally, a real example of the applicability of the SCC in providing high quality aerosol optical products in case of intense observation period is provided.
Lidar uncertainty and beam averaging correction
Authors: Giyanani A. , Bierbooms W. , van Bussel G.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Remote sensing of the atmospheric variables with the use of Lidar is a relatively new technology field for wind resource assessment in wind energy. A review of the draft version of an international guideline (CD IEC 61400-12-1 Ed.2) used for wind energy purposes is performed and some extra atmospheric variables are taken into account for proper representation of the site. A measurement campaign with two Leosphere vertical scanning WindCube Lidars and metmast measurements is used for comparison of the uncertainty in wind speed measurements using the CD IEC 61400-12-1 Ed.2. The comparison revealed higher but realistic uncertainties. A simple model for Lidar beam averaging correction is demonstrated for understanding deviation in the measurements. It can be further applied for beam averaging uncertainty calculations in flat and complex terrain.
Bayesian inversions of a dynamic vegetation model at four European grassland sites
Authors: Minet J. , Laloy E. , Tychon B. , François L.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Eddy covariance data from four European grassland sites are used to probabilistically invert the CARAIB (CARbon Assimilation In the Biosphere) dynamic vegetation model (DVM) with 10 unknown parameters, using the DREAM(ZS) (DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis) Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler. We focus on comparing model inversions, considering both homoscedastic and heteroscedastic eddy covariance residual errors, with variances either fixed a priori or jointly inferred together with the model parameters. Agreements between measured and simulated data during calibration are comparable with previous studies, with root mean square errors (RMSEs) of simulated daily gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RECO) and evapotranspiration (ET) ranging from 1.73 to 2.19, 1.04 to 1.56 g C m−2 day−1 and 0.50 to 1.28 mm day−1, respectively. For the calibration period, using a homoscedastic eddy covariance residual error model resulted in a better agreement between measured and modelled data than using a heteroscedastic residual error model. However, a model validation experiment showed that CARAIB models calibrated considering heteroscedastic residual errors perform better. Posterior parameter distributions derived from using a heteroscedastic model of the residuals thus appear to be more robust. This is the case even though the classical linear heteroscedastic error model assumed herein did not fully remove heteroscedasticity of the GPP residuals. Despite the fact that the calibrated model is generally capable of fitting the data within measurement errors, systematic bias in the model simulations are observed. These are likely due to model inadequacies such as shortcomings in the photosynthesis modelling. Besides the residual error treatment, differences between model parameter posterior distributions among the four grassland sites are also investigated. It is shown that the marginal distributions of the specific leaf area and characteristic mortality time parameters can be explained by site-specific ecophysiological characteristics.
USE OF ASSISTED PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR INDOOR AND OUTDOOR NAVIGATION PURPOSES
Authors: Pagliari D. , Cazzaniga N. E. , Pinto L.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Nowadays, devices and applications that require navigation solutions are continuously growing. For instance, consider the increasing demand of mapping information or the development of applications based on users’ location. In some case it could be sufficient an approximate solution (e.g. at room level), but in the large amount of cases a better solution is required. The navigation problem has been solved from a long time using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). However, it can be unless in obstructed areas, such as in urban areas or inside buildings. An interesting low cost solution is photogrammetry, assisted using additional information to scale the photogrammetric problem and recovering a solution also in critical situation for image-based methods (e.g. poor textured surfaces). In this paper, the use of assisted photogrammetry has been tested for both outdoor and indoor scenarios. Outdoor navigation problem has been faced developing a positioning system with Ground Control Points extracted from urban maps as constrain and tie points automatically extracted from the images acquired during the survey. The proposed approach has been tested under different scenarios, recovering the followed trajectory with an accuracy of 0.20 m. For indoor navigation a solution has been thought to integrate the data delivered by Microsoft Kinect, by identifying interesting features on the RGB images and re-projecting them on the point clouds generated from the delivered depth maps. Then, these points have been used to estimate the rotation matrix between subsequent point clouds and, consequently, to recover the trajectory with few centimeters of error.
A RESEARCH ON THE HIERARCHY AND COMPLETENESS OF ROOF TOPOLOGY FOR ROBUST BUILDING RECONSTRUCTION FROM AIRBORNE POINT CLOUD
Authors: Xu B. , Jiang W. S. , Zhu Q. S.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. In this work, we concentrate on the hierarchy and completeness of roof topology, and the aim is to avoid or correct the errors in roof topology. The hierarchy of topology is expressed by the hierarchical roof topology graph (HRTG) in accord with the definition of CityGML LOD (level of details). We decompose the roof topology graph (RTG) with a progressive approach while maintain the integrality and consistency of the data set simultaneously. Common feathers like collinear ridges or boundaries are calculated integrally to maintain their completeness. The roof items will only detected locally to decrease the error caused by data spare or mutual interference. Finally, a topology completeness test is adopted to detect and correct errors in roof topology, which results in a complete and hierarchical building model. Experiments shows that our methods have obvious improvements to the RTG based reconstruction method, especially for sparse data or roof topology with ambiguous.
EXAMINATION ABOUT INFLUENCE FOR PRECISION OF 3D IMAGE MEASUREMENT FROM THE GROUND CONTROL POINT MEASUREMENT AND SURFACE MATCHING
Authors: Anai T. , Kochi N. , Yamada M. , Sasaki T. , Otani H. , Sasaki D. , Nishimura S. , Kimoto K. , Yasui N.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. As the 3D image measurement software is now widely used with the recent development of computer-vision technology, the 3D measurement from the image is now has acquired the application field from desktop objects as wide as the topography survey in large geographical areas. Especially, the orientation, which used to be a complicated process in the heretofore image measurement, can be now performed automatically by simply taking many pictures around the object. And in the case of fully textured object, the 3D measurement of surface features is now done all automatically from the orientated images, and greatly facilitated the acquisition of the dense 3D point cloud from images with high precision. With all this development in the background, in the case of small and the middle size objects, we are now furnishing the all-around 3D measurement by a single digital camera sold on the market. And we have also developed the technology of the topographical measurement with the air-borne images taken by a small UAV [1~5]. In this present study, in the case of the small size objects, we examine the accuracy of surface measurement (Matching) by the data of the experiments. And as to the topographic measurement, we examine the influence of GCP distribution on the accuracy by the data of the experiments. Besides, we examined the difference of the analytical results in each of the 3D image measurement software. This document reviews the processing flow of orientation and the 3D measurement of each software and explains the feature of the each software. And as to the verification of the precision of stereo-matching, we measured the test plane and the test sphere of the known form and assessed the result. As to the topography measurement, we used the air-borne image data photographed at the test field in Yadorigi of Matsuda City, Kanagawa Prefecture JAPAN. We have constructed Ground Control Point which measured by RTK-GPS and Total Station. And we show the results of analysis made in each of the 3D image measurement software. Further, we deepen the study on the influence of the distribution of GCP on the precision.
HIERARCHICAL REPETITION EXTRACTION FOR BUILDING FAÇADE RECONSTRUCTION FROM OBLIQUE AERIAL IMAGES
Authors: Zhang J. , Yao H. , Jiang W. , Shen X.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. In this paper we introduce an approach for automatic recognition and reconstruction of building facade structure from oblique aerial images. Contrast to street-view image oblique aerial image has larger field of view but lower resolution, weaker texture and more noise. To overcome these shortcomings, our approach firstly analyses the horizontal distribution density to extract individual facade area from image. Then a hierarchical repetition detection method is employed to partition the facade and recognize structural elements. Finally, the geometry structure of each facade element is reconstructed jointly by all repetitive image tiles. Results show the potentials of the proposed approach.
MULTI-LEVEL INDOOR PATH PLANNING METHOD
Authors: Xiong Q. , Zhu Q. , Zlatanova S. , Du Z. , Zhang Y. , Zeng L.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Indoor navigation is increasingly widespread in complex indoor environments, and indoor path planning is the most important part of indoor navigation. Path planning generally refers to finding the most suitable path connecting two locations, while avoiding collision with obstacles. However, it is a fundamental problem, especially for 3D complex building model. A common way to solve the issue in some applications has been approached in a number of relevant literature, which primarily operates on 2D drawings or building layouts, possibly with few attached attributes for obstacles. Although several digital building models in the format of 3D CAD have been used for path planning, they usually contain only geometric information while losing abundant semantic information of building components (e.g. types and attributes of building components and their simple relationships). Therefore, it becomes important to develop a reliable method that can enhance application of path planning by combining both geometric and semantic information of building components. This paper introduces a method that support 3D indoor path planning with semantic information.
3D RECONSTRUCTION OF CULTURAL TOURISM ATTRACTIONS FROM INDOOR TO OUTDOOR BASED ON PORTABLE FOUR-CAMERA STEREO VISION SYSTEM
Authors: Shao Z. , Li C. , Zhong S. , Liu B. , Jiang H. , Wen X.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Building the fine 3D model from outdoor to indoor is becoming a necessity for protecting the cultural tourism resources. However, the existing 3D modelling technologies mainly focus on outdoor areas. Actually, a 3D model should contain detailed descriptions of both its appearance and its internal structure, including architectural components. In this paper, a portable four-camera stereo photographic measurement system is developed, which can provide a professional solution for fast 3D data acquisition, processing, integration, reconstruction and visualization. Given a specific scene or object, it can directly collect physical geometric information such as positions, sizes and shapes of an object or a scene, as well as physical property information such as the materials and textures. On the basis of the information, 3D model can be automatically constructed. The system has been applied to the indooroutdoor seamless modelling of distinctive architecture existing in two typical cultural tourism zones, that is, Tibetan and Qiang ethnic minority villages in Sichuan Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area and Tujia ethnic minority villages in Hubei Shennongjia Nature Reserve, providing a new method and platform for protection of minority cultural characteristics, 3D reconstruction and cultural tourism.
FEATURE LINE BASED BUILDING DETECTION AND RECONSTRUCTION FROM OBLIQUE AIRBORNE IMAGERY
Authors: Zhu Q. , Jiang W. , Zhang J.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. In this paper, a feature line based method for building detection and reconstruction from oblique airborne imagery is presented. With the development of Multi-View Stereo technology, increasing photogrammetric softwares are provided to generate textured meshes from oblique airborne imagery. However, errors in image matching and mesh segmentation lead to the low geometrical accuracy of building models, especially at building boundaries. To simplify massive meshes and construct accurate 3D building models, we integrate multi-view images and meshes by using feature lines, in which contour lines are used for building detection and straight skeleton for building reconstruction. Firstly, through the contour clustering method, buildings can be quickly and robustly detected from meshes. Then, a feature preserving mesh segmentation method is applied to accurately extract 3D straight skeleton from meshes. Finally, straight feature lines derived from multi-view images are used to rectify inaccurate parts of 3D straight skeleton of buildings. Therefore, low quality model can be refined by the accuracy improvement of mesh feature lines and rectification with feature lines of multi-view images. The test dataset in Zürich is provided by ISPRS/EuroSDR initiative Benchmark on High Density Image Matching for DSM Computation. The experiments reveal that the proposed method can obtain convincing and high quality 3D building models from oblique airborne imagery.
IMAGE SELECTION FOR 3D MEASUREMENT BASED ON NETWORK DESIGN
Authors: Fuse T. , Harada R.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. 3D models have been widely used by spread of many available free-software. On the other hand, enormous images can be easily acquired, and images are utilized for creating the 3D models recently. However, the creation of 3D models by using huge amount of images takes a lot of time and effort, and then efficiency for 3D measurement are required. In the efficiency strategy, the accuracy of the measurement is also required. This paper develops an image selection method based on network design that means surveying network construction. The proposed method uses image connectivity graph. By this, the image selection problem is regarded as combinatorial optimization problem and the graph cuts technique can be applied. Additionally, in the process of 3D reconstruction, low quality images and similarity images are extracted and removed. Through the experiments, the significance of the proposed method is confirmed. Potential to efficient and accurate 3D measurement is implied.
THE TRIPLET MEASURED BY AERIAL CAMERA USING LINE SEGMENTS LINE MATCHING-BASED RELATIVE ORIENTATION USING TRIPLET CAMERA
Authors: Tanaka S. , Nakagawa M.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. In urgent observations after disasters, we can mention that the image matching processing is an essential technique to establish more stable and rapid 3D data generation. Particularly, multi-images taken from various viewpoints are useful in the disaster monitoring. Thus, feature and corresponded point detection would be designed for a multi-image matching. Recently, Structure from Motion (SfM) is often applied to generate 3D data. The SfM is useful approach to generate 3D data from images of random viewpoints. However, Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) requires a plenty of time to detect feature points and corresponded points from multi-images. Therefore, we proposed a methodology to improve triplet matching and SfM with line segments extracted from images. Moreover, we evaluated our methodology using multi-images taken from aerial triplet camera.
A FRAMEWORK OF COGNITIVE INDOOR NAVIGATION BASED ON CHARACTERISTICS OF INDOOR SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Si R. , Arikawa M.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. People are easy to get confused in indoor spatial environment. Thus, indoor navigation systems on mobile devices are expected in a wide variety of application domains. Limited by the accuracy of indoor positioning, indoor navigating systems are not common in our society. However, automatic positioning is not all about location-based services (LBS), other factors, such as good map design and user interfaces, are also important to satisfy users of LBS. Indoor spatial environment and people’s indoor spatial cognition are different than those in outdoor environment, which asks for different design of LBS. This paper introduces our design methods of indoor navigation system based on the characteristics of indoor spatial environment and indoor spatial cognition.
AN APPROACH FOR INDOOR WAYFINDING REPLICATING MAIN PRINCIPLES OF AN OUTDOOR NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR CYCLISTS
Authors: Makri A. , Zlatanova S. , Verbree E.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. This work presents an approach to enhance navigation in indoor environments based on a landmark concept. It has already been proved by empirical research that by using landmarks the wayfinding task can be significantly simplified. Navigation based on landmarks relies on the presence of landmarks at each point along a route where wayfinders might need assistance. The approach presented here is based on the Dutch system for navigation of cyclists. The landmarks that are used in the proposed approach are special signposts containing the necessary directional information in order to guide the wayfinder in the space. The system is quite simple, efficient and satisfactory in providing navigational assistance in indoor space. An important contribution of this research is the generation of an approach to automatically determine the decision points in indoor environments, which makes it possible to apply it to navigational assistance systems in any building. The proposed system is verified by placing numbered landmark-signs in a specific building. Several tests are performed and the results are analysed. The findings of the experiment are very promising, showing that participants reach the destinations without detours.
WAY-FINDING ASSISTANCE SYSTEM FOR UNDERGROUND FACILITIES USING AUGMENTED REALITY
Authors: Yokoi K. , Yabuki N. , Fukuda T. , Michikawa T. , Motamedi A.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Way-finding is one of main challenges for pedestrians in large subterranean spaces with complex network of connected labyrinths. This problem is caused by the loss of their sense of directions and orientation due to the lack of landmarks that are occluded by ceilings, walls, and skyscraper. This paper introduces an assistance system for way-finding problem in large subterranean spaces using Augmented Reality (AR). It suggests displaying known landmarks that are invisible in indoor environments on tablet/handheld devices to assist users with relative positioning and indoor way-finding. The location and orientation of the users can be estimated by the indoor positioning systems and sensors available in the common tablet or smartphones devices. The constructed 3D model of a chosen landmark that is in the field of view of the handheld’s camera is augmented on the camera’s video feed. A prototype system has been implemented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed system for way-finding.
GEOMETRY AND TEXTURE MEASURES FOR INTERACTIVE VIRTUALIZED REALITY INDOOR MODELER
Authors: Thangamania K. , Ichikari R. , Okuma T. , Ishikawa T. , Kurata T.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. This paper discusses the algorithm to detect the distorted textures in the virtualized reality indoor models and automatically generate the necessary 3D planes to hold the undistorted textures. Virtualized reality (VR) interactive indoor modeler, our previous contribution enables the user to interactively create their desired indoor VR model from a single 2D image. The interactive modeler uses the projective texture mapping for mapping the textures over the manually created 3D planes. If the user has not created the necessary 3D planes, then the texture that belong to various objects are projected to the available 3D planes, which leads to the presence of distorted textures. In this paper, those distorted textures are detected automatically by the suitable principles from the shape from texture research. The texture distortion features such as the slant, tilt and the curvature parameters are calculated from the 2D image by means of affine transformation measured between the neighboring texture patches within the single image. This kind of affine transform calculation from a single image is useful in the case of deficient multiple view images. The usage of superpixels in clustering the textures corresponding to different objects, reduces the modeling labor cost. A standby database also stores the repeated basic textures that are found in the indoor model, and provides texture choices for the distorted floor, wall and other regions. Finally, this paper documents the prototype implementation and experiments with the automatic 3D plane creation and distortion detection with the above mentioned principles in the virtualized reality indoor environment.
ADAPTIVE PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF PERSON RECOGNITION MODEL IN A STOCHASTIC HUMAN TRACKING PROCESS
Authors: Nakanishi W. , Fuse T. , Ishikawa T.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. This paper aims at an estimation of parameters of person recognition models using a sequential Bayesian filtering method. In many human tracking method, any parameters of models used for recognize the same person in successive frames are usually set in advance of human tracking process. In real situation these parameters may change according to situation of observation and difficulty level of human position prediction. Thus in this paper we formulate an adaptive parameter estimation using general state space model. Firstly we explain the way to formulate human tracking in general state space model with their components. Then referring to previous researches, we use Bhattacharyya coefficient to formulate observation model of general state space model, which is corresponding to person recognition model. The observation model in this paper is a function of Bhattacharyya coefficient with one unknown parameter. At last we sequentially estimate this parameter in real dataset with some settings. Results showed that sequential parameter estimation was succeeded and were consistent with observation situations such as occlusions.
RECONSTRUCTION OF INDOOR MODELS USING POINT CLOUDS GENERATED FROM SINGLE-LENS REFLEX CAMERAS AND DEPTH IMAGES
Authors: Tsai F. , Wu T.-S. , Lee I.-C. , Chang H. , Su A. Y. S.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. This paper presents a data acquisition system consisting of multiple RGB-D sensors and digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras. A systematic data processing procedure for integrating these two kinds of devices to generate three-dimensional point clouds of indoor environments is also developed and described. In the developed system, DSLR cameras are used to bridge the Kinects and provide a more accurate ray intersection condition, which takes advantage of the higher resolution and image quality of the DSLR cameras. Structure from Motion (SFM) reconstruction is used to link and merge multiple Kinect point clouds and dense point clouds (from DSLR color images) to generate initial integrated point clouds. Then, bundle adjustment is used to resolve the exterior orientation (EO) of all images. Those exterior orientations are used as the initial values to combine these point clouds at each frame into the same coordinate system using Helmert (seven-parameter) transformation. Experimental results demonstrate that the design of the data acquisition system and the data processing procedure can generate dense and fully colored point clouds of indoor environments successfully even in featureless areas. The accuracy of the generated point clouds were evaluated by comparing the widths and heights of identified objects as well as coordinates of pre-set independent check points against in situ measurements. Based on the generated point clouds, complete and accurate three-dimensional models of indoor environments can be constructed effectively.
Sea level budget over 2005–2013: missing contributions and data errors
Authors: Dieng H. B. , Cazenave A. , von Schuckmann K. , Ablain M. , Meyssignac B.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Based on the sea level budget closure approach, this study investigates the residuals between observed global mean sea level (GMSL) and the sum of components (steric sea level and ocean mass) for the period January 2005 to December 2013. The objective is to identify the impact of errors in one or several components of the sea level budget on the residual time series. This is a key issue if we want to constrain missing contributions such as the contribution to sea level rise from the deep ocean (> 2000m). For that purpose, we use several data sets as processed by different groups: six altimetry products for the GMSL, four Argo products plus the ORAS4 ocean reanalysis for the steric sea level and three GRACE-based ocean mass products. We find that over the study time span, the observed trend differences in the residuals of the sea level budget can be as large as ~0.55mm yr−1. These trend differences essentially result from the processing of the altimetry data (e.g., choice the geophysical corrections and method of averaging the along-track altimetry data). At short time scale (from sub-seasonal to multi-annual), residual anomalies are significantly correlated with ocean mass and steric sea level anomalies (depending on the time span), indicating that the residual anomalies are related to errors in both GRACE-based ocean mass and Argo-based steric data. Efforts are needed to reduce these various sources of errors before using the sea level budget approach to estimate missing contributions such as the deep ocean heat content.
Oceanic and atmospheric forcing of Larsen C Ice-Shelf thinning
Authors: Holland P. R. , Brisbourne A. , Corr H. F. J. , McGrath D. , Purdon K. , Paden J. , Fricker H. A. , Paolo F. S. , Fleming A. H.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The catastrophic collapses of Larsen A and B ice shelves on the eastern Antarctic Peninsula have caused their tributary glaciers to accelerate, contributing to sea-level rise and freshening the Antarctic Bottom Water formed nearby. The surface of Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS), the largest ice shelf on the peninsula, is lowering. This could be caused by unbalanced ocean melting (ice loss) or enhanced firn melting and compaction (englacial air loss). Using a novel method to analyse eight radar surveys, this study derives separate estimates of ice and air thickness changes during a 15-year period. The uncertainties are considerable, but the primary estimate is that the surveyed lowering (0.066 ± 0.017 m yr−1) is caused by both ice loss (0.28 ± 0.18 m yr−1) and firn-air loss (0.037 ± 0.026 m yr−1). The ice loss is much larger than the air loss, but both contribute approximately equally to the lowering because the ice is floating. The ice loss could be explained by high basal melting and/or ice divergence, and the air loss by low surface accumulation or high surface melting and/or compaction. The primary estimate therefore requires that at least two forcings caused the surveyed lowering. Mechanisms are discussed by which LCIS stability could be compromised in the future. The most rapid pathways to collapse are offered by the ungrounding of LCIS from Bawden Ice Rise or ice-front retreat past a "compressive arch" in strain rates. Recent evidence suggests that either mechanism could pose an imminent risk.
INFLUENCE OF FILLERS ON SEMI-EFFICIENT VULCANIZED NATURAL RUBBER: DYNAMIC PROPERTIES AND HEAT BUILDUP
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zhang Zhiyi , Zhao Guizhe , Liu Yaqing , Li Ye , Shou Jinquan , Bai Lizhong
Published: May 2015

Carbon black and silica have long been recognized as reinforcing fillers, but their effect on the dynamic properties and heat buildup of vulcanizates is rarely reported. Therefore, natural rubber composites filled by carbon black with different particle size and silica were prepared. The Payne effect and heat buildup progressively decrease with an increase of carbon black particle size because of weaker filler network structure and better dispersion, the N754 filled sample in particular shows the lowest value, only 4.7 °C. The tensile strength and tear strength of composites all increase with the reducing carbon black particle size. SiO2-filled composites exhibit obvious Payne effects and inferior mechanical properties; at high strains (>10%), tan δ of SiO2-filled composites surpasses all that of carbon black–filled composites, due to the surface silanol groups on the silica surface and due to the decreased cross-link density.
Westernizing Reform and Indigenous Precedent in Traditional Music: Insights from Turkmenistan
Authors: Fossum David
Published: May 2015

Ethnomusicologists have often shown how traditional musics at prestigious institutions have taken their current form only recently, under Western influence. The post-Soviet state of Turkmenistan at first appears to offer yet another case: contemporary musicians have used modern technology and Western notation to studiously reproduce masters’ classic versions of traditional pieces, all the while using terms that recall canonizing discourse from European art music. But this article argues that the Turkmen practice is well grounded in indigenous precedent that predates Soviet modernization efforts. This finding therefore complicates the usual story about the rise of canonization processes in Western-influenced musics.
Ecology of the Global Tabla Industry
Authors: Roda P. Allen
Published: May 2015

Building on colloquial understandings of improvisation, jugāḍ karnā, which roughly translates "to make do," and Sunil and Chitra Sahasrabudhey’s concept of lokavidya, or "people’s knowledge," this article introduces readers to the rich life-world of musical artisans in India, the challenges they face, and the creativity with which they meet those challenges. Growing global demand for sets of drums, called tabla, has transformed business practices among instrument makers in Banaras, also known as Varanasi, India. It has inspired innovation, increased competition, and opened new opportunities for makers on the global marketplace. Changes in instrument manufacture ultimately impact the sound musicians can create from them. By thinking about the tabla industry as an ecosystem in which artisans, instruments, musicians, workshops, and retailers all interact and contribute, this article uses actor-network theory to demonstrate the contributions of a wide variety of actors to musical production.
Life Writing and Political Memoir
Authors: Ribberink Anneke
Published: May 2015

This review aims to analyse Magnus Brechtken (Eds.), Life Writing and Political. Memoir- Lebenszeugnisse und Politische Memoiren.For anyone interested in political memoirs the question of their value and influence is intriguing. Of course, few will now believe that politicians’ memoirs and autobiographies should be taken as objective stories people can rely on. But how far can we go in indeed believing them? In other words, do politicians in general write the truth about themselves or is any political memoir whatsoever by definition an unreliable piece?
Inclusão de alunos com implante coclear: a visão dos professores
Authors: Costa Juliana Pêgas , Kelman Celeste Azulay , Góes Adriana Ramos Silva
Published: May 2015

Este artigo aborda a educação dos alunos surdos submetidos à cirurgia de implante coclear matriculados em escolas públicas do Município do Rio de Janeiro. Os recentes avanços tecnológicos têm contribuído para o surgimento de uma nova especificidade a ser considerada no contexto da inclusão escolar. A orientação linguística para o aluno com implante coclear envolve a promoção da língua falada, ao contrário dos demais estudantes surdos que, obedecendo ao Decreto 5.626/05, tem a inclusão da língua brasileira de sinais - Libras como sua primeira língua (L1) e o português, na modalidade escrita, como sua segunda língua (L2). Embora também possa usar a Libras e, portanto, precisar de intérprete, este necessita de adaptações bastante diferenciadas. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete professores de diferentes escolas. A partir dos resultados, observa-se que, além da ausência do sistema de Frequência Modular Pessoal (FM) nestas escolas, ainda há desconhecimento por parte dos profissionais em relação às consequências de um implante e adequações a serem realizadas no processo de ensino, o que prejudica de maneira significativa o cotidiano escolar deste grupo. Resultados nos mostram que alguns dos alunos implantados também frequentam a sala de recursos, aprendendo língua de sinais. Alguns deles, inclusive, têm a preferência pelo uso dessa língua.
A criança com deficiência visual em situações de brincadeiras na Educação Infantil
Authors: Rocha Keuri Costa Carvalhais da , Garrutti-Lourenço Erica Aparecida
Published: May 2015

Esta pesquisa investigou a participação da criança com deficiência visual em contextos de brincadeiras na Educação Infantil. Pautou-se na perspectiva histórico-cultural de desenvolvimento humano, de Vigotski, ao considerar que atribui importante papel às relações sociais e as consideram subsídios na construção da brincadeira. O estudo se efetivou em uma creche de um município da Região Metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo em uma turma de maternal, em que havia uma criança cega matriculada. Pautou-se no caráter qualitativo e se constituiu como estudo de caso, tendo como participantes: uma criança cega, as duas educadoras da turma do maternal, a coordenadora e a vice-diretora da creche. Para a coleta de dados, foi realizada observação simples da rotina dessa turma, essencialmente em relação ao brincar, em dois momentos: março e abril de 2012; e junho de 2012. Os instrumentos de registro foram notas de campo, fotografias e gravações em vídeos. Depois da observação, foram feitas as entrevistas por pautas, tendo como participantes as duas educadoras, a coordenadora e a vice-diretora. Os resultados revelaram que a criança com deficiência visual se utiliza dos seus sentidos remanescentes nos contextos de brincadeiras; a importância de se trabalhar a orientação e mobilidade desde os anos iniciais; e, além disso, a necessidade da atuação do educador como mediador nas situações de brincadeiras para que se potencialize o desenvolvimento integral da criança e principalmente a sua linguagem.