bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of pH on SILAR deposited CTS thin films
Authors: Sapna P , Preetha KC
Published: December 2019

Copper tin sulphide thin films have been prepared using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method on soda lime glass substrate. In this work cationic precursor solution bath contains copper chloride, tinchloride, triethanolamine and anionic precursor solution contains thioacetamide respectively for the deposition of thin films. The prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), UV-Vis NIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive analysis(EDS). Average crystalline size calculated using Debye-Scherrer formula is 65.59nm for CTS1 and 71.17nm for CTS2. Band gap of CTS1 is 1.899ev and that of CTS2 is 1.647ev. The band gaps are suited for solar cell applications.
Effect of codoping of Rare Earth ions on Microstructure and Band Gap of Ti0.98A0.01Gd0.01O2 (A: Sm/Eu/Tb) Nanostructures Synthesized by modified hydrothermal method
Authors: Naseem Swaleha , Khan Wasi , Khan Shakeel , Husain Shahid
Published: December 2019

Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+ and Gd3+ ions have been incorporated in anatase TiO2 nanostructures by a hydrothermally modified sol gel method. XRD data analysis revealed the formation of pure anatase phase that crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal symmetry without any secondary phase. FTIR spectra indicate stretching vibrations of bonds in the nanostructures. The absorption peak centered at 568 cm−1 is related to the Ti-O-Ti stretching vibrations. Morphological studies and grain size estimation were performed by SEM measurements. SEM images depict nonuniform distribution of grains with a considerable variation in grain size. EDS measurements ensure chemical compositions in the samples. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy was used to study the optical properties. The doping of rare earth ions (Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+) leads to the variation in band gap of TiO2. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicate a significant change in the intensity on the doping of rare earth ions.
Effect of Scandium on Homogenization Treatment and Friction Stir Processing on Mechanical Properties of 7075 Aluminium Alloy Prepared by Foundry Route
Authors: Mandal P. K. , Felix John , Varkey Merrin J. , Vishnu KC
Published: December 2019

The aluminium alloy (7075 series) with minor scandium addition prepared by foundry route, was subjected to homogenization treatment at different temperature from 300 to 500°C for 8h and also multi-pass friction stir processing (MP-FSP) was performed to improve surface properties of cast aluminium alloy. The effect of minor scandium (0.33wt.%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of prepared alloy was investigated using optical microscopy, SEM, FESEM, XRD, TEM, Vicker’s hardness and tensile test. The homogenized microstructure was obtained showing fine grains because homogenization of cast structure and dispersion of second-phase particles also occur. The Al-Zn-Mg alloy with high strength, good corrosion resistance and good welding property is used widely in various industrial applications. In addition of Sc to increase the strength mainly comes from fine grain strengthening, substructure strengthening and precipitation strengthening caused by Al3(Sc) and MgZn2 particles. These particles are formed during homogenization treatment of cast aluminium alloy and it has great influence on precipitation behaviour of Al3(Sc) particles.
Degradation of Organic and Toxic Pollutants by Embedding the Barium Titanate Nanoparticles in Polyaniline Matrix (BaTiO3@PANI)
Authors: Shah Aadil Abass , Azam Ameer
Published: December 2019

The embedment of barium titanate nanoparticles (BaTiO3 NPs) in the polyaniline (PANI) matrix play a significant role in enhancing the properties of nanocomposites. In this research work BaTiO3@PANI polymer nanocomposites were well synthesized by the in-situ polymerization by embedding different concentrations of BaTiO3 NPs (1wt%, 3wt%, 5wt%, 7wt %) in the polyaniline matrix. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized for their structural, optical and photocatalytic properties. BaTiO3@PANI nanocomposites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure PANI and pure BaTiO3 NPs towards the organic and toxic pollutants in liquid phase under visible light irradiation. The embedment of BaTiO3 NPs in PANI have played an important role in affecting the photo reactivity and the increased weight ratio of BaTiO3 NPs in PANI increased the photocatalytic efficiency of nanocomposites. The structural and optical properties were studied by XRD, FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The XRD confirmed the embedment of BaTiO3 NPs in PANI matrix. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy identified the various functional groups and their respective vibrational and stretching modes. The results revealed that higher concentration of BaTiO3 NPs in PANI proves to be a better photocatalyst. This work provides a comprehensive information to modify the polymers with nanoparticles.
Verifying the effect of silanized nitinol surface: An in-vitro study
Authors: Sinha S , Begam H , Nandi S , Chanda A
Published: December 2019

Although Nitinol is a popular orthopedic implant material, there is still need of surface modification of nitinol to control nickel leaching. Main challenge with such surface modification of orthopedic implant is that along with cost effective modification the surface, there should be good integration with the surrounding bone tissue. In this study surface of the shape memory Nitinol was modified by simple silanization process using (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysaline(APTES). Here we report the interaction between the Nitinol surface (both bare and silanized) and the human osteoblastic cells (MG63cell) over a period of 48 hours. From detailed investigations, involving MTT assay and immunocytometry it was found that silanized Nitinol performed marginally better than bare Nitinol. The effect of silanization on surface composition and roughness of the specimen is also reported here to explain the superiority of silazised samples in case of cell-material interaction.
Kinematic and dynamic simulation of biped robot locomotion on multi-terrain surfaces
Authors: Viswanadh Chegu , Sarkar Abhishek , Sreedharan Pramod
Published: December 2019

Locomotion of Bipedal Robot has been the major topic of research in recent years. Still, the stability and control of locomotion of these robots on various terrains have not fully uncovered. The aim of the current work is to design a force feedback controller, which takes account of contact forces between foot and ground while the robot is in locomotion. This paper will focus on the variation of the contact forces on different terrains and effects of friction over these contact forces while the robot is in locomotion. The kinematic and dynamic constraints that are formulated are simulated using MATLAB (SimMechanics).
Facile preparation of Silver nanoparticles from Vitex negundo leaf extract with multiple applications
Authors: Murali Aswathy. S. , Pillai Athulya , Sreehari H , Sarma Sankar , Ajith Parvathy , Vinod Bindhya. S. , Anil Amrita , Smitha Chandran S
Published: December 2019

Synthesis of silver nano particles following green protocols is an emerging area of interest throughout the world, as it has multiple applications in different fields. Moreover the methods are non-toxic, sustainable, eco-friendly and economically viable ones. In the current work, that we have presented is an approach towards the development of zero cost and eco-friendly approach for the preparation of nanoparticles following the green route, using the leaf extract of Vitex negundo, a common medicinal plant in South India. The specific phenomenon of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) has been used for the depiction of the silver nano particles prepared. The silver nanoparticles created was characterized by using UV-Visible Spectroscopy and its performance towards the naked eye detection of several heavy metal ions was done. The larvicidal activity of silver nano particles were assessed as per the standards prescribed by WHO.
Utilization of aluminum dross: Refractories from industrial waste
Authors: Ramaswamy Parvati , Gomes Sylvester Avijit , Ravichander Nitin Paul
Published: December 2019

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and Magnesium-Aluminum oxides (MgAl2O4) are well known refractory materials used in engineering industries. They are built to withstand high temperatures and possess low thermal conductivities for greater energy efficiency. Dross, a product/byproduct of slag generated in aluminum metal production process is normally comprised of these two oxides in addition to aluminum nitride (AlN). Worldwide, thousands of tons of aluminum dross are generated as industrial wastes and are disposed of in landfills causing serious environmental hazard. This paper explores the potential to synergize the characteristics of the favourable contents of aluminum dross and its availability (in tons) via synthesis of refractories and thereby develop a value added product useful for the modern industries. In this work, Al-dross as-received from an aluminum industry which comprised of predominantly Al2O3, MgAl2O4 and AlN, was used to develop the refractories. AlN possesses high thermal conductivity values and therefore was leached out of the dross to protect the performance of the developed refractory. The washed dross was calcined at 700° and 1000°C to facilitate gradual elimination of the undesired phases and finally sintered at 1500°C. The dross refractory pellets were subjected to thermo-physical and structural properties analysis: XRD (structural phase), SEM (Microstructure), EDS (chemical constituents) and thermal shock cycling test by dipping in molten aluminum and exposing to ambient (laboratory). The findings include the favourable prospects of using aluminum dross as refractories in metal casting industries.
Voltammetric immunosensing platform based on dual signal amplification using gold nanoparticle labels
Authors: Vargis Vidhu Sara , Chandhana J P , Suneesh P V , Nair Bipin , Satheesh Babu T G
Published: December 2019

An electrochemical immunosensing platform based on dual signal amplification strategy has been developed using gold nanoparticles. Human Immunoglobulin G was used as a model analyte in order to establish the immunosensing platform. The platform was fabricated using of 1,6-hexanedithiol self assembled on a gold disc electrode and was further modified by citrate capped gold nanoparticles. The direct immobilization of antibody was achieved through electrostatic interaction between negatively charged citrate capped gold nanoparticles and positively charged amino group of antibody. Each step of modification was analyzed using electroanalytical techniques like cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled secondary antibodies conjugated on gold nanoparticles (AuNP-Ab2) acted as nanolabels. Thus the sandwich immunocomplex formed on the electrode surface produced an electrocatalytic response through the reduction of hydrogen peroxide by HRP in the presence of thionine. Electrochemical studies were carried out to understand the role of citrate capped AuNP and AuNP-Ab2 in dual signal amplification. The fabricated sensing platform can be used for the sensitive determination of various protein biomarkers by immobilizing specific antibody.
Non–linear dynamic studies in Distillation columns: A Case study of industrial effluent
Authors: Iqbal A , Ahmad S A
Published: December 2019

This work addresses the non-linear behaviour of distillation columns when there is an inappropriate selection of control variable in a system. An industrial effluent discharged from semi-conductor and pharmaceutical industries has been taken as a case study. A small disturbance in feed flow rate and feed composition has resulted in a ramp-like response of a recycle stream which has occurred due to the material imbalance in the system. This non-linearity in the process has been resolved by the selection of appropriate control variable.
Microstructure and Corrosion behavior of wrought AZ80 Mg alloys after the combined processes of ECAP and Hot Rolling
Authors: Naik Gajanan M , Gote Gopal D , Narendranath S , Satheesh Kumar S.S.
Published: December 2019

In the current work, wrought AZ80 Mg alloys were subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) followed by hot rolling (HR). Then, combined effects of ECAP and HR on microstructure and electrochemical corrosion behavior were investigated in 3.5wt.% NaCl solution. The microstructure and corrosion morphology study was made through optical and scanning electron microscope respectively. The results show that the use of hot rolling after ECAP significantly decreases the grain size compared to as-received and ECAP-4 pass processed Mg alloys. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization results have shown that the hot rolling of AZ80 Mg alloy after ECAP exhibited lower corrosion current and higher corrosion resistance is due to fine grain microstructure and continuous and uniform distribution of secondary phases. This was evidently observed during this study.
Study of structural features and antibacterial property of ZnO/CuO nanocomposites derived from solution combustion synthesis
Authors: Nagendra G K , Shivaraj B W , Manjunatha C , Ayeesha Siddiqua S A , Suchithra V
Published: December 2019

ZnO/CuO nanocomposite was synthesized by solution combustion method using three organic fuels - EDTA, Citric Acid and Oxalic Acid with Zinc Nitrate Hexahydrate and Copper Nitrate Trihydrate as precursors. ZnO/CuO nanocomposite was characterised for PXRD, SEM and EDAX to analyse the Structural, Morphological properties and Elemental composition. Crystallite size of 13.82 nm was found for the ZnO/CuO nanocomposites prepared from Oxalic Acid (OA). Further, ZnO/CuO nanocomposites synthesised from three different metal nitrate weight ratios (25:75, 45:55 and 65:35) using OA as fuel and Antibacterial studies was carried out on E.coli by disc diffusion method. PXRD results confirm that the nanocomposites prepared were in nano domain with the average crystallite size was found to be in the range of 13–21 nm. SEM micrographs of ZnO/CuO nanocomposites showed hexagonal ZnO and spherical CuO particles and the particle size was found to be in the range of 30–60 nm. EDAX results confirmed the presence of four elements namely C, O, Cu and Zn. Antibacterial studies showed that the inhibition zone of the nanocomposite was maximum (24 mm for 20 μL) for the sample having high concentration of ZnO nanoparticles and it depends on the crystallite size of the ZnO/CuO nanocomposite.
Investigation on mechanical properties of hybrid graphene and beryl reinforced aluminum 7075 composites
Authors: Patil Shanawaz , Haneef Mohamed , Manjunath L H , Reddappa H N
Published: December 2019

The emerging technologies and trends of present generation requires downsizing the unwieldy structures to light weight structures on one hand and integration of varied properties on other hand to meet the application demands. In the present investigation an attempt is made to familiarize and best possibilities of reinforcing agent in aluminum 7075 matrix with naturally occurring beryl (Be) and graphene (Gr) to develop a new hybrid composite material. A stir casting process was used to fabricate with fixed volume fraction of 6wt% weight beryl and various volume fractions of 0.5wt%, 1wt%, 1.5wt% and 2wt% of graphene. The properties such as tensile strength, compression strength, and hardness of hybrid composites were examined. The crystallite size and morphology of the graphene and beryl particles were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. It was observed that ultimate tensile strength and compression strength of the hybrid composite increased with increasing reinforcement volume fraction as compared to specimen without reinforcement additions.
Application of kulkote temperature regulating phase change material on merino wool fiber and pashmina wool felt material
Authors: Ramaiah Gurumurthy B , Parthasarathy Ramesh Keralapura
Published: December 2019

Heat transfer and storage is one of the important thermal property that substantially varies due to the nature of scaled fibers coupled with layering technique applied while designing a winter garment. The presence of scales is not evenly distributed in size and numbers over the fiber surface resulting in uneven heat flow or trapping heat released from the body. In this study the SEM images of fibers are used to characterize scale configurations, geometry, dimensions, orientation and shape of scales of merino wool, pashmina and angora fibers. However, to improve the heat retention and lower the heat flow from the fibers, kulkote phase change material is applied by spray method on the fiber felts and evaluated for its thermal properties using DSC thermograms. DSC thermograms shows the thermal behaviour of fibers before and after treating with phase change material, hence justifying the effectiveness in controlling flow of heat resulting in construction of superior winter wear products
Acceleration of repetitive units in construction projects using line-of-balance and linear scheduling with singularity function
Authors: Shabeer Ali I , Rakesh P , Anand K B
Published: December 2019

Construction managers usually demand to increase the speed of completion of projects to avoid the penalties, to get the bonus from the owner. They plan and control qualitative and quantitative measures for the successful projects. Generally acceleration measures are followed to increase the speed of delivery of the project. Repetitive units in projects plays an important role in modern world such that most of the residential villa projects have some repetitive nature. This paper proposes a method for the acceleration of repetitive units in project by line-of-balance and linear scheduling with singularity function. Line-of-balance method is used for the programming and control of repetitive projects. Linear schedule is focused on the time-amount relationship and progress of the work. Singularity functions were previously used for the analysis of structures and lately applied for scheduling. Linear schedules associate the information on amount of work and time for each activity. This paper put forward a relationship between production rate, duration of completion of project and number of units. It helps to determine the required production rate to complete a particular number of units in a given duration. The analysis of repetitive units in project has been done, and the general equations are formulated for connecting the duration of project, total number of units, duration required for any activity and number of units completed.
Experimental Study on Laser Welding of AISI 304 Steel with Design of Experiments Approach
Authors: Chellu Pawan Kumar , Padmanaban R. , Vaira Vignesh R. , Menon Abbhelash S , Shariff S. M. , Padmanabham G.
Published: December 2019

Austenitic stainless steels find extensive applications in engineering and structural parts requiring inherent corrosion resistance. The main objective of this study is to achieve good quality butt joint in 2.5-mm thick 304 grade Stainless Steel. The joint quality is quantified in terms of weld-bead dimensions. The main issue that manufacturers face is controlling the input process parameters, to get a good quality joint, with required weld bead geometry under controlled thermal distortion. The objective of this work is to select proper input process parameters that would result in desirable weld-bead profiles with minimal heat input. The critical process parameters influencing laser-welding were found using response surface methodology technique. The results proved that the developed model could efficiently predict the responses. The criteria demonstrated a possible reduction in top width of weld bead with enhanced depth of penetration, which automatically envisaged an increase in aspect ratio. A two-factor five-level criteria design was used for predicting the optimized parameters by performing multi-response optimization. Among them, the third criterion has shown a significant decrease in heat input and it was chosen as the best-optimized parameter.
Effect of microwave irradiation power for the morphological changes of ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Pavithra K S , Fasiulla  , Yashoda M P , Prasannakumar S
Published: December 2019

The present investigation focuses on the effect of microwave watt power for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by microwave irradiation using two different precursors. The prepared samples were confirmed by XRD, SEM and EDXA to analyse the particle size, morphology and chemical composition of ZnO NPs. SEM images were recorded for the synthesis of ZnO NPs from different watt power using different precursors to analyse the morphological changes. The particle size was calculated by Debye-Scherrer formula using XRD pattern. Apart from that, the band gap was calculated from UV spectroscopic technique. The results confirmed that by increasing the watt power ranging from 240 to 420, a wurtzite structure (flower-like) are formed. By changing the zinc acetate with zinc sulphate at various watt powers, the morphology of ZnO NPs changes from spiral to tubular shaped particles were formed.
Design and Development of Automatic Cleaning and Mopping Robot
Authors: Adithya P.S. , Tejas R. , Sai Varun V. , Prashanth B.N.
Published: December 2019

In the present day scenario all the members of family are busy with their work and are not getting proper time to clean the house. The cleaning robot helps to clean and mop the floor. This is done by simply pressing a switch and the robot does the work. This also cuts down the labor used in factories for cleaning floor. Above being the case, motivated for the design and development of an automatic cleaning and mopping robot that does all the cleaning and mopping work with a simple press of a button. This robot can be controlled manually with the help of a mobile Bluetooth. The main moto of the project is to make this affordable and suitable for the Indian users and factories. The development of the robot starts with the design of a simple and most effective chassis for the robot which is a very important part as it has to carry all the weight on the robot. The electronics part where, the type of motor and its specification that should be used to run the bot, the sensors to be used, the microcontroller, the motor drivers, the wheels and other electronic components to be used on the robot are decided. Further, the assembling of the components will be done and finally testing and calibrating the device. A robot which is capable of efficient dust cleaning and moping of the floor of a given room is the main aim of the robot. It is aimed to make the robot economic and feasible for the economic class society. The target time of operation of the robot is one hour. The developed robot will be useful for the household application and industries. This helps to keep the workspace and house clean without the physical labor. Also, the device will clean the room with a single switch of button.
Predictive Control on Power Source Selection in Hybrid Vehicle System
Authors: Vishnu Verchas S , Vijaya Chandrakala K R M
Published: December 2019

Technology advances day by day. It improves like revolutions. As in TeleCom, the mode of communications advances from electrical lines to optical lines to increase the speed of data transmission and now it is wireless. This pattern holds true for the revolution in automotive industry. It is the part of “Fourth Industrial Revolution” targeting connectivity, electrificatio n and update in customer needs. This revolution is in-need of more energy compared to the conventional requirement. Progress in battery technologies are providing us an option towards the electrification of the automobiles. The advancing safety features has demand in power which roots towards electrification. As pulses, the initial effort has taken in improving the utilizatio n of Energy Storage Systems for Electric or Hybrid Vehicles. Drives used in Electric Vehicles (EV) are configured to act as generator during braking, thus charging the Energy Storage System (ESS). This ESS offers efficiency in storing re-generative braking energy, vehicle acceleration and battery safety. Appropriate switching algorithm (ANFIS) is required to control the power supply source during power demand, which based on the past learnings that target to improve the efficiency of control mechanism to maintain the quality of Battery and Super Capacitor in Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS).
Design and Development of Pneumatic Drug Delivery System
Authors: Abhinandu K. , Pramod Kumar K.V.S. , Srikanth T. , Prashanth B.N.
Published: December 2019

Pneumatic delivery system is a popular system during 19th & 20th century where there was internet to send emails. These systems were used to send files from one department to other department in the office environment. Later these were slowly replaced by fax and email. Now-a-days these are being widely used in hospitals to deliver blood samples or drugs through capsule from one block to other block of the hospital to save time since blood samples and drugs weigh very less. Above being the case, a system was developed where a capsule containing blood samples or drugs of minimum 5kg of weight can be carried using less number of air compressors by creating a smart path. Till now there were systems which were designed for apartments and industries for transportation of products from one location to another location, but the developed system can be implemented in hospitals for drug delivery from one place to other place. The capsules can be built using suction pipes to reduce the cost of the system. Cost of the system can be further greatly reduced by using PVC or acrylic sheets. The system can be made more effective by using smart path which is specially designed to reduce traffic and time delay. The developed system allows the reuse and storage of compressed air in the pipes, so that less number of compressors are being used. The system also allows a unique method of finding the location of the drug in the whole system by Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags. Finally, the developed system is very useful in hospitals for transporting drug by reducing the traffic and time delay. Further, the system can be developed such a way that it can be used to deliver the couriers in a faster rate to save time and the cost to deliver product can also be greatly reduced.
Automated higher-order mesh generation in MATLAB on biomaterials
Authors: Smitha T. V. , Nagaraja K. V.
Published: December 2019

We propose a method for automated higher-order triangle and tetrahedral mesh generation in MATLAB on biomaterials. The proposed mesh generator is based on the MATLAB function generate Mesh from the Partial Differential Equation Toolbox. Here, the inputs are STL file and an approximate upper bound on mesh edge length for the geometry under consideration using the higher-order triangle or tetrahedral elements. As, output we get a higher-order triangle or tetrahedral meshes, connectivity matrix, coordinates of the nodes, and boundary nodes. These outputs can be efficiently used for solving any partial differential equations by finite element method which arises in many applications like biomaterials, computational materials science, crystal plasticity, materials engineering, mechanics of materials etc.
Numerical analysis of exhaust gas braking system to maximize the back pressure
Authors: Balasubramaniam S , Senthil Kumar D
Published: December 2019

The excessive load on foundation brakes are shared by exhaust brakes during downhill performance of trucks. The exhaust brake increases the life of foundation brakes and also provides assistance to the foundation brake, especially during downhill operation. In this work, the position of the exhaust flow flap have been optimized accordingly to increase the back pressure generated in the diesel engines manufactured at Tata Cummins Ltd., India. The exhaust valve lift with respect to crank angle is modified for exhaust brake module to facilitate back pressure inside engine cylinder. A 1-D GT-POWER six cylinder engine model is modelled to replicate conditions at the inlet of the exhaust circuit. CFD simulations are carried out for various exhaust flow flap positions in order to maximize the back pressure required at engine cylinder. The position of the exhaust flow flap is crucial in resulting back pressure as the exhaust elbow geometry have sharp bends and diverging cross section. The exhaust flow flap is always placed normal to the plane of exhaust elbow. Numerical simulations are performed for various position from the turbo fan. High absolute pressure is observed, when exhaust flow flap is moved closer to the turbo fan. The high absolute pressure at exhaust manifold inlet is observed at 27mm from the turbo fan.
Studies on Vortex Structures formed inside a Lid Driven Cavity – Influence of Extending the Length of the Cavity
Authors: Ranjith D J , Sreenath K , Ajith Kumar S
Published: December 2019

Finite volume methods based on pressure-velocity coupling in incompressible flow has been evolved as the basic guideline and is successfully implemented in numerous industrial and aerospace fields. In our studies, we use this class of techniques for analysing flow inside the lid driven cavity. Our simulation analysis is based on the finite-volume method using non-uniform staggered mesh. An issue of storing and coupling pressure-velocity in finite volume method is solved by using SIMPLE algorithm are reviewed. Current works aim to study the formation of vortex for varied Reynolds numbers based on numerical simulations and its influence over mid-plane velocities as extending the length of the cavity. The simulation results are represented in terms of contours of streamlines and velocity plot.
Structural and antibacterial studies of rice straw based zno nanocomposite
Authors: Anjali Nambiar P K , Devadathan Dedhila , Baiju V , Raveendran R
Published: December 2019

The present study is focused on the structural and antibacterial studies of rice straw based ZnO nanocomposite. For comparison, counterparts were also synthesized. Nanoparticles of ZnO were synthesized through combustion method and co-precipitation method. Structural characterizations of all the synthesized samples were carried out using XRD. Antibacterial studies of the synthesized samples were carried out. The present study investigates the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized samples as antibacterial agents. The selected microbes for the present study are gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), the gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (E. coli)..
Structural and photocatalytic degradation studies of rice straw based MgO nanocomposite
Authors: Deepika R , Devadathan Dedhila , Rejani P , Raveendran R
Published: December 2019

The present study is focused on the comparison of structural and photocatalytic degradation activities of nanocomposite of MgO formed with rice straw, a biopolymer. For comparison, counter parts were also synthesized. Nanoparticles of magnesium oxide were synthesized through controlled co-precipitation method in presence of citric acid. Structural characterizations of all the synthesized samples were carried out using XRD. Comparison of XRD of metal oxide with JCPDS confirmed that the formed metal oxide was MgO. Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes Congo Red, an acidic dye and Methylene Blue, a basic dye was done.
Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Crystalline Pure β-Tri Calcium Phosphate & Its Dopants as Bone Substitutes
Authors: Samanta Sujan Krishna , Chanda Abhijit , Nandi Samit Kumar
Published: December 2019

β-Tri calcium phosphate ceramics play a significant role in several biomedical application for their marked resorbability and bioactivity. One of them is in bone grafting, where it is used for treating bone defects caused by wounds or osteoporosis. In the present work an in-depth and systematic study of pure and different doped variants (Zinc, Magnesium and Titanium) of β-Tri calcium phosphate was done. We have prepared pure β-Tri calcium phosphate and its different dopants of different strength. All together seven different composition were studied. We have tried to investigate some important features which are the prerequisite for their application. These include lattice parameter study, mechanical properties, contacts behaviour with SBF, haemolytic characteristics, and its cytotoxic nature. The capability of new apatite development on the surface of pure and doped β-TCP samples were also considered and compared by using Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) to observe their interaction with human body fluid.
Effect of post deposited annealing ambience and temperature on the longer visible absorption of zinc oxide films
Authors: Rakhesh V , Devan Aparna S , Shankar Balakrishnan
Published: December 2019

Zinc oxide films were deposited on heated glass substrates at different substrate temperature 450°C and 500°C. After the deposition, some samples were heat treated at 500°C for one hour in air and some samples in vacuum for one hour at the same temperature. Absorbance analysis revealed that as deposited samples and post heat treated samples are showing intense absorption near 1.5eV apart from that corresponding to band gap of ZnO. The absorption coefficient variation with incident energy for the samples annealed in vacuum after deposition at 450° suggested the presence of oxygen vacancy as the native defect for the absorption near 1.5eV. The absorption energy for the samples obtained from (αhν)2 vs energy plot suggested that same kind of defect may be present in all the samples and is around 1.53eV.
Study of vibration characteristics of unbalanced overhanging rotor
Authors: Ahobal N , Ajit prasad S L
Published: December 2019

The rotor unbalance and misalignment are two major sources of vibration. Rotor unbalance is omnipresent in all rotating machinery, posing serious threat to machine life and operation. The present work is an attempt to investigate the vibration characteristics of rotating mechanical system, which has unbalanced rotor mounted on overhanging shaft. Vibration signals are acquired using accelerometer mounted on the bearing housing nearer to the rotor. The FFT analysis of the acquired data revealed the steady state response of balanced and unbalanced rotor under operating conditions. Numerical analysis of the system using ANSYS portrayed the modal frequencies, mode shapes; harmonic analysis illustrates the response of system for different mass unbalance. The results revealed that magnitude of vibration characteristics significantly increases with excitation frequency and overhang length. Campbell diagram illustrates the absence of critical speed within the selected operating range.
Preparation and characterization of Ba4Co2Fe36O60 filled PP composites
Authors: Viswanath Abhishek , Navaneeth Krishnan K , Murali K P
Published: December 2019

Phase pure U type hexaferrites having molecular formula Ba4Co2Fe36O60 is synthesized through solid state route as filler for the fabrication of magneto-dielectric (MD) composite. Being a MD material the U type hexaferrite has a promising future in information and communication sector as a base substrate for electronic circuits. Since they exhibit both electric and magnetic properties, they can contribute effectively to circuit miniaturization and bandwidth enhancement compared to an antenna printed on a dielectric substrate. The filler material is then blended with PP (Poly Propylene) matrix and Magneto dielectric substrates are produced via hot pressing technique. Filler concentration has been varied from 70 to 90 wt. % in PP matrix and ascertained amount of optimum filler fraction for dimensionally stable substrate having acceptable properties. Dielectric and magnetic characterizations have been done using Impedance analyzer. It is found that the density of the composite and the dielectric constant is increasing with the increase in filler loading up to an optimum level and further filler loading reduces the density as well as the dielectric constant due to increased porosity. For optimum filler loading a maximum density of 2.96 g/cm3 is achieved. Relative permeability values are found increasing with filler loading even beyond the optimum filler loading. The optimum loaded poly Propylene/Ba4Co2Fe36O60 composite has an effective dielectric constant of 9.21, loss tangent of 0.083, relative permeability of 3.6 and a magnetic loss of 0.060 at 1MHz. Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the composite has been investigated using thermo mechanical analyzer. Moisture absorption rate of the optimum filler loaded composite is studied and found to be less than 0.1%. Relatively good dielectric constant, low loss tangent together with better relative permeability make the Ba4Co2Fe36O60 filled PP composites an excellent choice as Microwave substrate.
Thermal analysis for optimized selection of cooling techniques for SiC devices in high frequency switching applications
Authors: Balachandran Rahul , Vijaya Kumari A
Published: December 2019

The inception of wide bandgap power semiconductors has paved way for the evolution of highly efficient power switches. A deep understanding about the thermal characteristics of the SiC power device is essential to utilize its advantages in terms of higher thermal and power handling capability. The primary objective of this paper is to establish an accurate thermal model by proposing and comparing different methodologies for thermal analysis of commercially available SiC device, which in turn will aid to select optimum cooling techniques for higher system efficiency. Exponential curve fitting technique was exploited to deduce the parameters for RC equivalent network model. A high frequency sinusoidal pulse width modulated SiC MOSFET inverter with a fixed load was considered for electro-thermal analysis using a unified software platform PLECS. The effect of switching frequency on heat sink volume was established through simulation studies with imbibed datasheet parameters of a commercial power device. Finally, a 3-D model of the commercially available SiC power MOSFET in SOT-227B package was built to analyse the device heat dissipation profile for an optimized cooling choice. The proposed modelling approach serves to provide a platform for the thermal optimization of power devices and can be extended to other semiconductor devices.
Study on PV Thermal Integrated systems for Rooftop Applications
Authors: Mohan Harsh , Manoj Reddy G , Gopal Vinod Kumar , Hariprasad M P
Published: December 2019

Around 90% of the total solar wafers produced and deployed around the globe is primarily based either on mono or polycrystalline silicon cells. Majority of these are deployed for converting incoming insolation directly to electrical energy and are termed as photovoltaic systems (PV). Another application is to convert the incoming solar energy into thermal energy and termed as Thermal systems (T). The vital components for both the above conversions are their respective solar energy collection systems. As the temperature rises, the conversion efficiency of solar cells decreases. This is due to the fact that with increase in temperature, there will be a reduction in the mobility of charge carriers. When deployed in field, photovoltaic cells will heat up rapidly as they are good heat absorbers. In storage integrated solar installations, heat is considered as killer of all batteries and encapsulate. The work aims at design and development of an integrated PV thermal solar system to efficiently utilise the incoming solar energy. An efficient heat exchanger mechanism will help bringing in possibility of having a storage integrated solar module so that the final solution will have generation, storage and thermal evacuation in the same laminate. The integrated model when implemented gives enough room and a lower temperature chamber, where the batteries could be easily integrated without loss of cycle life and AH capacity loss.
Mechanical Properties of Graphite Filled ABS Parts Developed by Fused Deposition Modelling
Authors: Makannavar Rahul , Keshavamurthy R. , Biradar Mallikarjun
Published: December 2019

The current work focuses on synthesis of graphite filled ABS plastic filament suitable for Fused Deposition Modelling applications. The Effect of graphite reinforcement on mechanical properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) parts developed by FDM process have been studied. Twin screw extrusion technique was adopted for synthesis of filament required for FDM process. Pure ABS and graphite filled FDM parts have been subjected to microstructure and tensile studies. Microstructure studies confirms that graphite filled filaments are free from micro porosity. Tensile test shows that graphite filled ABS parts have exhibited significant enhancement in ultimate tensile strength when compared pure ABS parts.
Comparative investigation on nonlinear transient vibrations of laminated composite shallow shell with active constrained layer damping treatment using PFRC and AFC patch material
Authors: Nandurkar Santosh , Ashok M H , Shivakumar J , Khadakbhavi Vishwanath , Pujari Sanjay
Published: December 2019

Here, the comparative investigation for the performance of active constrained layer damping treatment using PFRC and AFC patch material for controlling the nonlinear transient vibrations of laminated composite shallow shell is carried out. The patch material used in this case for making the constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is PFRC and AFC. For modelling of ACLD in the time domain Golla-Hughes-McTavish (GHM) method is used. The Von Kármán type non-linear strain displacement relations along with a simple first-order shear deformation theory are used for deriving this electromechanical coupled problem. A finite model in 3-dimensions have been developed for smart composite shallow shell integrated with the ACLD treated patches of PFRC and AFC. The results of both the cases have been compared and it has been found that the improved performance of AFC patch over the PFRC in subsiding the transient nonlinear vibrations of symmetric cross ply laminated composite shallow shell.
Numerical Modelling of Methanol-Gasoline Blends in PFI Spark Ignition Engines
Authors: Sherin Godson R , Thirumalini S , Tulapurkar Chetan
Published: December 2019

According to present statistics, India is the 6th highest consumer of fossil fuels in the world. This raises high concerns in terms of emissions and import bills. Most recently India has taken stand to promote alternate fuels such as Methanol/biofuels and blends as substitute for conventional fuels. The use of blended fuel, without change in configuration of engine or in operating parameters can lead to lower performance. Operating parameters are to be optimized to obtain improvement in performance. Optimization requires rigorous experimentation, which increases cost of production for automotive manufacturers and simulation facilitates an early understanding of the engines behaviour. In this study, a 0.8 litre, 27.6 kW PFI engine is modelled and analysed to investigate the response of methanol-gasoline blends and experimental work is conducted for validation. Results indicated, with methanol blended up to 20% by volume, engine brake power was lower than base line gasoline but for blends of 20-50% by volume brake power and torque showed higher value than gasoline values. For M30, M40 and M50 with blend composition there was a proportionate increase in BSFC for all speed ranges.
Effect of ZnO additions to Na0.47K0.47Li0.06NbO3 ceramics prepared by ceramic method using high energy ball milling and sintered by microwave technique
Authors: Devi Huidrom Surjalata , Maisnam Mamata
Published: December 2019

Conventional high temperature sintering of alkali niobates piezoceramics often leads to volatilization of constituent materials and poor densification resulting in deterioration of important properties. ZnO added sodium potassium lithium niobates (NKLN) piezoceramics having compositional formula Na0.47K0.47Li0.06NbO3 + y ZnO (y = 0wt.%, 0.5wt.%, 1.0wt.%, 1.5wt.%, 2.0wt.%) were prepared ceramic method using high energy ball mill and sintered by microwave technique at 1000°C for 20 mins. The phase structure of the prepared samples has been studied by using XRD. The electrical properties of the prepared sample such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss and ac conductivity were measured in the range 50 Hz-2 MHz. It is observed that NKLN sample added with 2 wt.% ZnO has the highest remnant polarization value of 0.723μC/cm2 and the piezoelectric coefficient, d33 value of ∼ 25 pC/N. The results have been discussed.
Parametric Analysis for forming meso fractals from nanoparticle seeded resin in Hele Shaw cell
Authors: Kale Bharatbhushan S , Bhole Kiran
Published: December 2019

Development of meso and micro size fractal structures is required to mimic various biological systems for various functions. Meso and micro size fractal structures are fabricated by several processes in Engineering. A number of fluid flows are exhaustively analyzed and investigated in the direction of development of meso and micro fractal structures. Hele-Shaw flow is one of the flows which fabricated meso and micro structure. Formation of fractals in Hele-Shaw cell can be done by compressing fluid in two flat parallel plates and lifting of upper plate in the upward direction. Lifting velocity of the upper plate, a gap between the plates, and fluid properties viz. density, viscosity are the major parameters in the formation of fractal. This paper presents the characterization of the fluid, study and analysis of microfractals followed by a mathematical model. The characterization of the fluid consists of photopolymer seeded with the nanopowder in the lifting plate of Hele-Shaw. The resin is prepared by mixing photoinitiator Benzoyl Ethyl Ether (BEE), Hexanediol Diacrylate (HDDA) added with ceramic nanopowder. Through the design of the experiment, micro fractal growth is observed and analysed. The fractals growth controlling parameters viz. gap between plates, velocity causes fluid separation are varied through the experimental setup. Effect of variation in viscosity set by varying loading fraction of seeded ceramic nanoparticles in a resin is observed for formation of fractals. Effect of process parameters on formation and growth of fractals is studied and presented. A dimensionless model of fractal growth is presented to analyse the effect of various parameters. Experimental methodology introduced a new style for the formation of controlled fractals or to imitate different meso and micro fractals available in nature or living things.
Modelling, Calibration and Fabrication of Electrical Capacitance Tomography Sensor for Bone Imaging
Authors: Ambika M. , Selvakumar S. , Manikandan K. , Padmanaban R.
Published: December 2019

Electrical capacitance tomography is a technique to measure internal permittivity distribution based on external capacitance measurements which in turn generate a cross-sectional image representing the permittivity distribution thereby the material distribution. It possesses the advantages of non-radioactive, non-intrusive, non-invasive, high imaging speed and low cost over the conventional medical imaging techniques. Inter-electrode measurements are done by placing electrodes around the non-conductive dielectric medium cylinder inside which, the medium to be imaged is placed. This paper emphasizes on modelling and fabricating an electrical capacitance tomography sensor using ANSYS APDL for bone for which the sensor is calibrated using air and water. ECT sensor is modelled and fabricated by mounting 12 identical rectangular copper electrodes were placed symmetrically outside the Poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) cylindrical tube. The output from sensors can be converted to digital voltage values used for image reconstruction in MATLAB.