bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Open Heart Surgery at Patient’s Own Temperature Without Active Cooling
Authors: Kaplan Mehmet , Karaagac Anil , Can Tolga , Yilmaz Sahin , Yesilkaya Mehmet Inanc , Olsun Adlan , Aydogan Hakki
Published: June 2018

Background: Hypothermia is a method of myocardial protection in cardiac surgery. This protection occurs by decreasing the metabolic demands, however, it creates susceptibility to various problems. In this study, we investigated patients operated on under normothermia (at the patient’s own temperature) and hypothermia for postoperative differences.Methods: The study was conducted between June 2015 and September 2016 with 167 patients. The patients were divided into two groups in accordance with our routine clinical practice: the normothermic group (native temperature goup; intraoperative body temperature ≥ 34°C), and the hypothermic group intraoperative body temperature  < 34°C - ≥ 28°C). Preoperative and postoperative data of patients were recorded and the two groups were compared.Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of cross clamp time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, awakening and extubation times, intensive care unit and hospital stay, drainage, mean serum lactate levels, arrhytmia, all causes infection, renal insufficiency, neurologic complications, myocardial infarction, or mortality (P > .05). Inotrope and transfusion requirements were found to be statistically significantly lower in the normothermic group than the hypothermic group (P < .05).Conclusion: Although hypothermia is commonly used in cardiac surgery, it has harmful effects. We believe that cardiac surgery can safely be performed at a patient’s own temperature without active cooling to avoid these dangers.
Indicador de afectación por eventos naturales en el cantón de Alajuela, y su relación con la vulnerabilidad comunal.
Authors: Barrantes-Castillo Gustavo , Quesada-Román Adolfo , Campos-Durán Daniela , Padilla-Umaña Katherine
Published: June 2018

Se construyó un indicador de afectación por amenazas naturales que considera la afectación directa e indirecta con base en las variables incluidas en la base de datos DesInventar y reportes de la CNE para el periodo 1970 - 2015 a nivel distrital. Dicha información permitió obtener la ubicación aproximada de las comunidades que han presentado la mayor afectación por eventos naturales. Asimismo, mediante una encuesta a las Asociaciones de Desarrollo Integral y posterior trabajo de campo se logró detallar las condiciones de vulnerabilidad de estas comunidades. Como resultado se identificaron los distritos con mayor afectación por amenazas naturales del cantón de Alajuela, así como las comunidades con mayor afectación histórica, por ende, con mayores condiciones de vulnerabilidad. Esta información será utilizada por la municipalidad de Alajuela para mitigación, prevención y atención de emergencias.
La presencia de los chiricanos en el Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica: aportes desde la geografía histórica.
Authors: Morera-Beita Carlos , Meléndez-Dobles Silvia
Published: June 2018

Este artículo analiza la presencia de los chiricanos en el Sur de Costa Rica, apoyado en referencia secundaria y centrada en la reconstrucción de sus rutas de ocupación. En los cimientos de la región fronteriza entre Costa Rica y Panamá se ubica un pueblo transfronterizo, que durante la época colonial e independiente fue fraccionado, pero que, aún en este siglo se resiste a ser asimilado por la cultura occidental como es el caso de los ngäbe buglé. Los chiricanos, como se le denomina a los pobladores de la provincia vecina de Chiriquí, llegaron a obtener refugio por las guerras acaecidas en el territorio que actualmente ocupa Panamá, en procura de áreas de pastoreo o tierras agrícolas, y finalmente pasan a ser mano de obra en las plantaciones bananeras; son el mismo tejido del campesinado mestizo que dominó en las regiones costeras del país tanto en el Caribe como en el Pacífico, lo cual facilitó su fusión con otros grupos. Este artículo evidencia que el concepto de frontera responde a razones más políticas que culturales, debido a que el territorio es un continuo, especialmente en regiones fronterizas.
Identificación de áreas de potencial conflicto entre usos del suelo en la cuenca del Río Luján, Argentina
Authors: Buzai Gustavo D. , Principi Noelia
Published: June 2018

La Geografía, como ciencia espacial, se apoya en la utilización de métodos cuantitativos aplicados con Sistemas de Información Geográfca (SIG). En este contexto, el modelado cartográfco y las técnicas de evaluación multicriterio permitieron defnir una estrategia metodológica para la identifcación de áreas de potencial conﬂicto entre usos del suelo en escala regional (LUCIS, Land-use Conﬂict Identifcation Strategy). La investigación se realiza en la cuenca del río Luján, con el objetivo de defnir estas áreas como consecuencia de la futura competencia espacial entre el uso del suelo urbano, la producción agrícola y las áreas de conservación. Los resultados obtenidos constituyen una excelente herramienta de utilidad en la planifcación territorial.
Las investigaciones sobre movimientos de laderas en Costa Rica, Honduras, México y Nicaragua: enseñanzas desde la academia, las agencias de cooperación y las instituciones públicas
Authors: Quesada-Román Adolfo , Moncada-López, Rigoberto , Paz-Tenorio Jorge Antonio , Espinoza-Jaime Eveling , Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Carmen , Castellón-Meyrat Alex , Acosta-Galeano, Norwin
Published: June 2018

En este trabajo se especifica la gama de productos a partir de los cuales especialistas de Costa Rica, Honduras, México y Nicaragua desarrollan cartografía sobre movimientos de laderas, aspecto que puede ilustrar la accesibilidad a ciertos datos, así como la escasez o falta de información específica en la región. Trabajos realizados desde Instituciones gubernamentales, Agencias de Cooperación y la Academia, procuran sumar esfuerzos con las autoridades nacionales de cada lugar en el estudio de este fenómeno. Se respeta la terminología utilizada en cada proyecto, por lo que se considera equivalente el término Movimientos de Laderas. Esta cartografía tiene como fin ser un insumo de línea base para estudios de Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres y el Ordenamiento Territorial de ciudades, cuencas y municipios a lo largo de América Latina.
Geopolítica y petróleo en el Mar Caribe: la tensión entre Colombia y Nicaragua
Authors: Pulido-Gómez Ginneth , Costa-Ribeiro Wagner
Published: June 2018

La frontera entre Colombia y Nicaragua se presenta como un escenario dinámico, caracterizado por una tensión entre ambos países, a causa de su delimitación, comprende el archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina y el área adyacente en el mar Caribe occidental. Para resolver dicha controversia la Corte Internacional de Justicia en 2012 determinó que Colombia ejercía soberanía sobre el Archipiélago y delimitó nuevas fronteras en el mar, lo que modificó las áreas de usufructo de ambos países. Esta área se coloca en el panorama geopolítico global por dos motivos principales; primero su cercanía al canal de Panamá y al posible canal de Nicaragua, rutas estratégicas del comercio mundial, y segundo por el interés que ambos países demuestran en abrir concesiones de exploración/explotación de petróleo en el mar; en el marco de la crisis actual por la obtención de crudo, que se traduce en cambios del uso de las reservas de petróleo conocidas, las oscilaciones de los precios y los impactos socio-ambientales locales y globales generados por todas las etapas de aprovechamiento de este recurso. El presente artículo tiene por objeto discutir la vigencia de la exploración para la búsqueda de petróleo y su creciente interés en áreas offshore o fuera de costa, así como el análisis de las relaciones globales que se derivan.
Reconversión productiva como política de desarrollo agropecuario dirigida a la producción campesina en el marco de los procesos de apertura económica en Costa Rica (1996-2000)
Authors: Porras Solís Ángel Jesús
Published: June 2018

El artículo aborda el contexto en el cual surge el Programa de Reconversión Productiva del Sector Agropecuario a finales de la década de 1900, como respuesta a las demandas de los grupos campesinos por una política de desarrollo agropecuario que les permitiera su transformación productiva e incursión competitiva en los mercados internos y externos. Se examinan las principales implicaciones de los procesos de apertura económica sobre la producción campesina, así como el proceso de negociación, aprobación y conformación del programa. Por último, se presenta un balance general de los primeros proyectos de reconversión productiva aprobados con recursos del programa.
Reseña del libro, El arte de contar tributarios. Provincia de Chiapas (1560-1821), de Tadashi Obara-Saeki y Juan Pedro Viqueira Albán
Authors: Pérez Brignoli Héctor
Published: June 2018

Estamos ante una obra monumental de compilación y crítica de fuentes relativa a los tributarios de la Provincia de Chiapas a lo largo de todo el período colonial. La publicación comprende un tomo impreso muy voluminoso y una extensa base de datos disponible en la red. Sigue un resumen de los principales contenidos del tomo impreso.
The Collaborative Role of North American Departments of Pediatrics in Global Child Health
Authors: Gladding Sophia P. , McGann Patrick T. , Summer Andrea , Russ Christiana M. , Uwemedimo Omolara T. , Matamoros Aguilar Martha , Chakraborty Rana , Moore Molly , Lieh-Lai Mary , Opoka Robert , Howard Cynthia , John Chandy C. ,   on behalf of the Global Health Task Force of the American Board of Pediatrics
Published: June 2018

Appeals for health equity call for departments of pediatrics to improve the health of all children including those from underserved communities in North America and around the world. Consequently, North American (NA) departments of pediatrics have a role in global child health (GCH) which focuses on providing health care to underserved children worldwide. In this review, we describe how NA departments of pediatrics can collaboratively engage in GCH education, clinical practice, research, and advocacy and summarize best practices, challenges, and next steps for engaging in GCH in each of these areas. For GCH in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), best practices start with the establishment of ethical, equitable, and collaborative partnerships with LMIC communities, organizations, and institutions engaged in GCH who are responsible for the vast majority of work done in GCH. Other best practices include adequate preparation of trainees and clinicians for GCH experiences; alignment with local clinical and research priorities; contributions to local professional development and ongoing monitoring and evaluation. Challenges for departments include generating funding for GCH activities; recruitment and retention of GCH-focused faculty members; and challenges meeting best practices, particularly adequate preparation of trainees and clinicians and ensuring mutual benefit and reciprocity in NA–LMIC collaborations. We provide examples of how departments have overcome these challenges and suggest next steps for development of the role of NA departments of pediatrics in GCH. Collaborative implementation of best practices in GCH by LMIC–NA partnerships can contribute to reductions of child mortality and morbidity globally.
Preschool Children's Reactions to Active Music Listening through Movement, Visual Arts and Verbal Expression / Reakcije djece na aktivno slušanje glazbe kroz pokret, likovnost i verbalnost
Authors: Blašković Jelena , Kuliš Ana
Published: June 2018

AbstractActive listening to music is an experience which preschool children may find interesting and enjoyable. Preschool children often enjoy activities which enable them to be creative and to express themselves without any limitations. As a result of providing children with activities in which they learn about their environment through their senses and are encouraged to express their experience, their perception and the perception of what they are offered is facilitated through music. This study, which included 204 participants (preschool children) in three different kindergartens in Zagreb, examined preschool children’s reactions to active music listening. Three types of children’s expression, i.e. expression through visual arts, verbal communication and movement were examined. The results showed that children react positively to active music listening and enjoy the whole music activity. In other words, children were active participants in the process of development and learning. Moreover, they enjoyed that type of music activity.Key words: active music listening; preschool children; research.---SažetakSlušanje glazbe jedno je od najmlađih područja u sustavu ranoga i predškolskoga odgoja i obrazovanja. To je glazbena aktivnost u kojoj djeca aktivno upoznaju svijet glazbe putem osjetila unutar kojeg se potiče izražavanje glazbenih doživljaja posredstvom različitih odgojno-obrazovna područja. Cilj rada bio je ispitati reakcije djece na aktivno slušanje glazbe putem tri načina izražavanja – pokretom, likovnošću i verbalno. Sudjelovala su djeca iz tri zagrebačka vrtića u devet vrtićkih skupina (N=204). Istraživanje je pokazalo da djeca pozitivno reagiraju na glazbu te se rado uključuju u takvu vrstu glazbene aktivnosti putem sva tri načina izražavanja reakcija.Ključne riječi: aktivno slušanje glazbe; djeca predškolske dobi; istraživanje.
Educational Innovations in the Function of Improving Students’ ICT Competences / Obrazovne inovacije u funkciji poboljšanja IKT sposobnosti kod studenata
Authors: Mandić Danimir , Jauševac Goran , Jotanović Gordana , Bešić Cariša , Vilotijević Nada , Ješić Dragan
Published: June 2018

AbstractInformation technology has lately become an integral part of the educational system. Application of modern digital technologies in teaching has changed teaching methods. This research is based on forming a teaching model in order to improve the level of ICT knowledge and skills of students applicable in the area of technical sciences. The objective of this research is to establish a methodology to improve and adapt curricula with the goal of enhancing digital competences of learners according to European standards and the needs of teaching at technical faculties. Key words: Computer Education Software (CES); digital competence; modular teaching system; programmed teaching.---SažetakInformacijske su tehnologije u posljednje vrijeme postale sastavni dio obrazovnog sustava. Primjena suvremenih digitalnih tehnologija u nastavi utjecala je na promjenu metoda poučavanja. Ovo se istraživanje temelji na oblikkovanju modela poučavanja sa svrhom poboljšanja razine studentskih IKT znanja i vještina primjenjivih u području tehničkih znanosti. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja uspostava metodologije za poboljšanje i prilagodbu kurikula kako bi se studentske digitalne kompetencije poboljšale i bile u skladu s europskim standardima i potrebama nastave na tehničkim fakultetima.Ključne riječi: digitalne kompetencije; modularni sustav poučavanja; programirano poučavanje; Software za računalno obrazovanje (CES).
The Relationship between Achievement Emotions, Appraisals of Control and Value, and Academic Success / Odnos emocija postignuća, procjena kontrole i vrijednosti te akademskog uspjeha
Authors: Brdovčak Barbara
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this research was to examine the relationship between appraisals of control and value with the positive and negative learning-related achievement emotions and academic success. The research was conducted with psychology and sociology students at the Catholic University of Croatia. The participants completed the Learning-Related Emotion Scales i.e. the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire, Task Value Scale and Control of Learning Beliefs Scale from the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire and few questions about sociodemographic data including their academic success. The results showed that positive learning-related achievement emotions have a statistically significant positive correlation with academic success, while negative learning-achievement emotions have a statistically significant negative correlation with academic success. There was also correlation between other measured variables. The results were interpreted according to theoretical assumptions and practical implications of the importance of emotions in an academic setting were showed. Key words: academic success; learning-related achievement emotions; subjective control; subjective value; the control-value theory of achievement emotions. ---SažetakCilj je ovog istraživanja bio ispitati povezanost procjena kontrole i vrijednosti s pozitivnim i negativnim emocijama postignuća vezanim uz učenje i akademski uspjeh. Provedeno je jednokratno korelacijsko istraživanje sa studentima psihologije i sociologije na Hrvatskom katoličkom sveučilištu. Sudionici su ispunili Upitnik emocija postignuća, točnije Ljestvice emocija povezanih s učenjem, Ljestvicu vrijednosti zadatka i Ljestvicu vjerovanja o kontroli nad učenjem iz Upitnika motivacijskih strategija učenja, kao i upitnik općih podataka s dodatnim pitanjem o akademskom uspjehu.  Rezultati su pokazali kako su pozitivne emocije postignuća statistički značajno pozitivno povezane s akademskim uspjehom, a da su negativne emocije postignuća statistički značajno negativno povezane s akademskih uspjehom. Uz to je utvrđena povezanost između ostalih ispitivanih varijabli. Dobiveni rezultati interpretirani su u skladu s teorijskim postavkama i pokazuju praktične implikacije o važnosti emocija u obrazovnom kontekstu. Ključne riječi: akademski uspjeh; emocije postignuća povezane s učenjem; subjektivna kontrola, subjektivna vrijednost; teorija kontrole i vrijednosti emocija postignuća.
Prácticas asociativas y modernidad
Authors: Guzmán-Stein Miguel
Published: June 2018

Presentación del número dedicado al IV Simposio (San José, 2015).
“I thought this is like magic”
Authors: Campbell Craig , Futak-Campbell Beatrix
Published: June 2018

This study applies an eclectic discourse analysis within a poststructuralist framework to data consisting of research interviews with 17 patients attending National Health Service (NHS) clinics for homeopathic treatment in the UK. This combined approach focuses on the fine-grain action orientation of language use while investigating notions of power, subjectivity and discourse.

Homeopathic patients’ spontaneous discursive resources demonstrate how broader available discourses of homeopathy are used to negotiate, legitimise and sustain their healthcare choices. In particular, patients orient to three discursive strategies: (1) describing the failures of medicine, to warrant the turn to seek homeopathy; (2) emphasising the extraordinary, curative properties of homeopathy; and (3) constructing homeopathy as an alternative with considerable health benefits. The study shows how these intersubjective constructions are mobilised as social action to perform convincing arguments and at the same time manage and attend to subjects’ own individual personal credibility. Despite all their positive intentions, these strategies end up locating homeopathy in a culture of scepticism and marginalising it from mainstream acceptance.
New Non-Stationary Gradient Model of Heat-Mass-Electric Charge Transfer in Thin Porous Media
Authors: Rogankov V. , Shvets M. , Rogankov O.
Published: June 2018

The well-known complicated system of non-equilibrium balance equations for a continuous fluid (f) medium needs the new non-Gibbsian model of f-phase to be applicable for description of the heterogeneous porous media (PMs). It should be supplemented by the respective coupled thermal and caloric equations of state (EOS) developed specially for PMs to become adequate and solvable for the irreversible transport f-processes. The set of standard assumptions adopted by the linear (or quasi-linear) non-equilibrium thermodynamics are based on the empirical gradient-caused correlations between flows and forces. It leads, in particular, to the oversimplified stationary solutions for PMs. The most questionable but typical modeling suppositions of the stationary gradient (SG) theory are: 1) the assumption of incompressibility accepted, as a rule, for f-flows; 2) the ignorance of distinctions between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic influence of a porous matrix on the properties; 3) the omission of effects arising due to the concomitant phase intra-porous transitions between the neighboring f-fragments with the sharp differences in densities; 4) the use of exclusively Gibbsian (i.e. homogeneous and everywhere differentiable) description of any f-phase in PM; 5) the very restrictive reduction of the mechanical velocity field to its specific potential form in the balance equation of f-motion as well as of the heat velocity field in the balance equation of internal energy; 6) the neglect of the new specific peculiarities arising due to the study of any non-equilibrium PM in the meso- and nano-scales of a finite-size macroscopic (N,V)-system of discrete particles. This work is an attempt to develop the alternative non-stationary gradient (NSG) model of real irreversible processes in PM. Another aim is to apply it without the above restrictions 1)-6) to the description of f-flows through the obviously non-Gibbsian thin porous medium (TPM). We will suppose that it is composed by two inter-penetrable fractal sf-structures of f-phase (formed by the “mixture” of g- and l-phases termed, in total, interphase) and solid (s) porous matrix termed below s-phase. The permanent influence of humidity and the respective increase of the moisture content in TPM including the unavoidable phenomenon of capillary condensation are the main factors to occur the non-stationary transport f-flows through its texture.
Метод забезпечення структурної живучості інтелектуальної надбудови з децентралізованим принципом управління
Authors: Зіменко Л.М.
Published: June 2018

В роботі представлений метод оцінки структурної живучості інтелектуальної надбудови з децентралізованим принципом управління при наданні інтелектуальних сервісів в мережах наступного покоління. Для оцінки структурної живучості інтелектуальної надбудови запропоновано використання середньозваженого значення верхньої та нижньої меж структурної живучості. Визначено спосіб розрахунку верхньої та нижньої меж структурної живучості та виконано приклад реалізації методу забезпечення структурної живучості для інтелектуальної надбудови з децентралізованим принципом управління при використанні спеціалізованих серверів.
Облачный компьютинг для снижения потребления энергии в холодильных системах
Authors: Петренко М. А. , Артеменко C. В.
Published: June 2018

Эволюция энергетических систем в сторону парадигмы интеллектуальных сетей производства и распределения электроэнергии во многом определяется развитием новых технологий и их приложений.  В статье рассматривается подход, который использует достижения информационных технологий (Information Technology) и технологии данных (Data Technology) для управления производством, передачей и распределением энергии. Рассмотрена интеллектуальная инфраструктура, которая направлена на управление сетями электроснабжения, включающими в качестве потребителей энергии, холодильные системы. Снижение потребления энергии в холодильных системах базируется на применении облачного компьютинга, который предоставляет необходимые интерфейсы и набор услуг для взаимодействия с интеллектуальными счетчиками и автоматизации системы распределения. Для сжатия большого объема данных, которые генерируются в результате мониторинга показателей работы холодильного прибора, используется «вейвлет» – преобразование сигналов. Дана оценка снижения потребления энергии в холодильной системе за счет технологии облачного компьютинга.
Особливості взаємодії декількох протоколів маршрутизації у складній комп‘ютерній мережі
Authors: Бобрікова І. С. , Барабаш Т. Н.
Published: June 2018

В роботі представлено дослідження особливостей функціювання декількох протоколів маршрутизації одночасно на одному маршрутизаторі та особливостей налаштування такої взаємодії. Робота проводилась у середовищі Cisco Packet Tracer. Вивчено налаштування маршрутизаторів у різних варіантах побудови складних мереж з функціюванням декількох протоколів маршрутизації та проведено спостереження, яким чином певна настройка впливає на побудову таблиці маршрутизації.
Compatibility of Trichoderma isolates with pesticides used in lettuce crop
Authors: Silva Micaele Aparecida Franco da , Moura Karina Elaine de , Moura Kamila Ellen de , Salomão Denise , Patricio Flávia Rodrigues Alves
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Lettuce drop, caused by Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum, is one of the most important diseases that affect lettuce crop in Brazil. In previous studies, isolates of Trichoderma asperellum (IBLF 897, IBLF 904 and IBLF 914) and T. asperelloides (IBLF 908) were selected for the biocontrol of this disease. In this subsequent study, the compatibility of these isolates with pesticides used in lettuce crop in Brazil was evaluated. Initially, the mycelial growth of isolates was evaluated in culture medium plus pesticides. Then, the effect of pesticides on the parasitism of T. asperelloides isolate IBLF 914 in baits and sclerotia of S. minor and S. sclerotiorum, as well as on the survival of lettuce seedlings, was evaluated in gerboxes after application on baits and sclerotia of the antagonist with pesticides at their respective commercial doses. The fungicides pencycuron and mandipropamid and the insecticide imidacloprid did not affect the mycelial growth of Trichoderma isolates. The fungicide iprodione did not affect the mycelial growth of T. asperellum isolates. but the isolate of T. asperelloides was sensitive from the concentration of 10 µg.L-1 fungicide. Procymidone reduced the mycelial growth of Trichoderma isolates from the concentration of 10 µg.L-1 fungicide, and azoxystrobin reduced the conidial germination of the isolates of the antagonist, showing LD50 between 0.36 and 0.42 µg.L-1 fungicide. On the other hand, in the experiment carried out in “gerboxes”, none of the pesticides reduced the parasitism of baits and sclerotia or reduced the control of S. minor and S. sclerotiorum in lettuce seedlings. Results indicate that the biological control of lettuce drop with T. asperelum isolate IBLF 914 can be compatible with the remaining phytosanitary treatments used in lettuce crop.
Efeito de extratos vegetais de plantas do Cerrado para controle de pinta-preta em tomateiro
Authors: Kobayashi Bruna Fukumoto , Amaral Daniel Rufino
Published: June 2018

RESUMO A “Mancha de Alternaria” causada pelo fungo Alternaria solani é uma das principais e mais frequentes doenças que incidem na cultura do tomate. Manifesta-se nas hastes, caule e principalmente nas folhas, e em alta severidade. Causa desfolha e também pode provocar infecções nos frutos, tornando-os impróprios para comercialização. Para controle da doença, os defensivos sintéticos ainda são os mais utilizados. Visando a diminuição da toxicidade ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana, surge a busca pela utilização de produtos alternativos para o controle de doenças. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de extratos vegetais para o controle de Alternaria solani na cultura do tomateiro: in vivo e in vitro. O experimento foi conduzido em duas etapas: 1- in vivo (em casa de vegetação em sistema hidropônico) e 2- in vitro (em laboratório). Os tratamentos utilizados na primeira etapa foram: 1- Testemunha (sem aplicação); 2- Extrato de Assa peixe; 3- Extrato de Aroeirinha; 4- Extrato de Pata de Vaca do Cerrado; 5- Extrato de Murici, sendo estes na concentração de 10% do extrato diluído em água e outra testemunha no qual foi aplicado um fungicida (Piraclostrobina). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Na segunda etapa, o experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo os mesmos tratamentos da primeira, exceto o tratamento comercial. Observou-se que os extratos a base de Aroeirinha e Assa Peixe, proporcionaram controle de mancha de alternaria em plantas de tomate no experimento in vivo. Já para o experimento in vitro, pode-se observar que o extrato de Murici e Aroeirinha diminuíram o crescimento micelial do fungo.
“O país onde não se pode mencionar o proletariado”: reflexões de Bertolt Brecht sobre os trabalhadores alemães e o fascismo
Authors: Andrade Débora El-Jaick
Published: June 2018

RESUMO: O poeta e dramaturgo Bertolt Brecht vivenciou o período de efervescência cultural durante a República de Weimar, interrompido pela ascensão do Partido Nacional Socialista na Alemanha, que determinou a emigração de muitos intelectuais. No exílio desde 1933 até o final da Segunda Guerra, o escritor, familiarizado com a teoria marxista, fez reflexões sobre a classe operária e sua relação com o nazismo em suas peças, seu filme, em sua correspondência pessoal e em seus diários de trabalho. Alguns desses documentos permitem antever sua interpretação dialética da história imediata a partir da perspectiva marxista, no relato dos acontecimentos políticos relacionados à guerra e em sua expectativa quanto à emancipação do proletariado.
Da província para a corte: representação e luta política na formação das bancadas mineiras para a 1ª (1826-1829) e a 2ª (1830-1833) legislaturas do Império
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Eduardo França de
Published: June 2018

RESUMO O presente artigo tem como objetivo lançar luz sobre a composição das bancadas mineiras na Câmara dos Deputados da 1ª (1826-1829) e 2ª (1830-1833) legislaturas do Império. Partindo do princípio de que ambas não constituíam um conjunto homogêneo, mas sim um locus de enfrentamento político em constante mudança, pretende-se analisar a maneira como setores provinciais se projetaram dentro do cenário político da Corte durante o Primeiro Reinado. Ao verificar que a montagem dessas bancadas derivou de uma confluência de elementos - entendimentos diversos sobre representação e organização do Estado, questões eleitorais e institucionais, alianças provinciais e interprovinciais, disputas entre grupos adversários, conflitos envolvendo perspectivas de negócios, mercado e ocupação de espaços na administração pública -, o artigo propõe, a um só tempo, realçar o caráter multifacetado desses agrupamentos políticos e questionar a ideia de “elites provinciais” indistintas, conflitantes tão somente na disputa por cargos e poder.
Questionnaire on body awareness of postural habits in young people: construction and validation
Authors: Schwertner Debora Soccal , Oliveira Raul Alexandre Nunes da Silva , Beltrame Thais Silva , Capistrano Renata , Alexandre Juliano Maestri
Published: June 2018

Abstract Introduction: The postural deviations associated with the changes in the habits of young people have increased over the last decades. Investigating the subject by way of a self-perception questionnaire allows one to understand the level of awareness the individual has concerning his/her postural habits. Objective: Designing a self-perception evaluation questionnaire about the postural habits of young people and to validate, pre-test, verify the reliability and the internal consistency of this instrument. Methods: The validity of the content was determined by 10 judges. The study involved young people (15 - 18 years old) from Florianopolis/Brazil. The questionnaire was pre-tested, applied to 15 youthful who provided qualitative information about it. The reproducibility was analyzed by way of a test-retest with 40 students, in a one-week gap, and was analyzed by interclass correlation coefficient. The internal consistency was analyzed by Cronbach’s alpha with 679 students. A 5% significance level was adopted. Results: Concerning to the validation of content, the questionnaire presented a total coefficient of 0.28 and 72% concordance was observed amongst the reviewers. The interclass correlation coefficient (test-retest) indicated acceptable reproducibility values (R = 0.66, 0.74 and 0.59; p < 0.001), with a decrease in the object-carrying dimension (R = 0.32; p = 0.04). The questionnaire was considered suitable, quick and easy to fill in. The internal consistency presented a value of 0.80. Conclusion: The questionnaire on body awareness of postural habits in young people is a valid instrument with good repeatability and reliability, its use can be recommended with teenagers showing the same profile as those used in this study.
Pulmonary function evaluation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients submitted to metabolic surgery
Authors: Tosta Ariana de Melo , Borges Marisa de Carvalho , Silva Élida Mara Carneiro da , Takeuti Tharsus Dias , Terra Júnior Júverson Alves , Crema Eduardo
Published: June 2018

Abstract Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder. As considered a public health problem needing additional treatment options. Objective: This prospective study aimed at evaluating pulmonary function through spirometry, before and after metabolic surgery without gastric resection in type 2 DM patients. Methods: Sample was composed by 17 type 2 DM females. They were analyzed in pre (24 hours before surgical procedure), immediate post-operative period POST1 (24 hours after surgical procedure) and in the late postoperative period POST2 (two years after surgical procedure). Besides statistical analysis, it was evaluated the following spirometric parameters: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and the FEV1 / FVC ratio (%). Results: Spirometric parameters showed a value increase when compared PRE and POS2 values, except for FVC and FEV1, which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Type 2 DM women submitted to metabolic surgery without gastric resection showed spirometric value increased after two-year surgical procedure, when compared to preoperative period values. It is important additional studies about pulmonary function, diabetic patients and metabolic surgery without gastric resection.
Using the spirometry to indicate respiratory exercises for elderly with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Guimarães Daniela , Duarte Gabriel , Trippo Karen , Furtado Graziella , Oliveira Filho Jamary , Ferraz Daniel Dominguez
Published: June 2018

Abstract Introduction: Respiratory dysfunction is the main cause of death in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and bronchoaspiration pneumonia is the most common clinical respiratory complication. Objective: To assess respiratory function of elderly with PD in mild to moderate phase of the disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried. Elderly in 2 to 3 PD Hoehn & Yahr stage have participated. A single researcher has evaluated maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), thoracoabdominal amplitude, forced vital capacity (FVC) and expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). Results: Sixty elderly have participated and their all spirometry and manovacuometry parameters presented significant differences (p < 0.05) comparing with predicted values, except for FVC (p = 0.25). Only umbilical level did not reach normal values on cirtometry parameters. Patients classified as a restrictive disorder presented significant decrease in thoracic expandability. However the participants classified as an obstructive disorder showed significant decrease in expiratory muscle strength and peak expiratory flows. Conclusion: Elderly in mild or moderate phase of PD presented reduction in respiratory parameters. Spirometry showed to be an important tool to evaluate respiratory function and to indicate the modality of respiratory exercise. Our results suggest the indication of thoracic flexibility exercises for patient with PD classified as restrictive disorder and strength exercise of respiratory muscles for those classified as obstructive disorder.
Reflections on the Boston Marathon from a Breast Cancer Oncologist (or, Why I Just Don't Quit)
Authors: Comander Amy H.
Published: June 2018

Preparing for a big race like the Boston Marathon pales in comparison to what a cancer patient faces, but there are similarities when it comes to always showing up and never giving up, as this narrative describes.
Briefing: Design for manufacture and off-site construction at Woolston Wastewater Treatment Works (UK)
Authors: Tresidder Martin , White Paul
Published: June 2018

Due to numerous site physical constraints and a tight construction programme at Woolston Wastewater Treatment Works, UK, conventional design and construction practices are being challenged to deliver the project using off-site manufacturing wherever possible. Through early supplier engagement and collaboration, the team has developed design solutions to suit off-site fabrication: most of the permanent civil elements are to be supplied in precast concrete; larger mechanical elements are being designed in a modular arrangement; and mechanical and platform suppliers are developing these elements in factory conditions and delivering to the site with pipework and electrical elements pre-installed. By working within a building information modelling environment, the team manages supplier three-dimensional model sharing within a common data area, ensuring governance and version control. This enhances integration between suppliers, enabling early clash detection and providing confidence in the production of off-site elements. The adoption of an off-site manufacturing strategy has accelerated construction delivery, providing programme and cost savings, and improved the level of safety on-site through reduced working at height, temporary works requirements, lifting operations and plant and vehicle movements.
Antigen retrieval on histological sections v2
Authors: B Phillips Jennifer
Published: June 2018

Detailed protocol for chemical +/- heat antigen retrieval on sectioned tissue to increase reactivity and specificity of antibody recognition
Scientists race to reveal how surging wildfire smoke is affecting climate and health v1
Authors: Varma Aadi
Published: June 2018

Emily Fischer is likely one of the few people whose summer plans were buoyed by a recent forecast that much of the western United States faces another worse-than-normal wildfire season. Unusually warm weather and drought, together with plenty of dry grass and brush, are expected to create prime conditions for blazes this summer, federal officials announced on 10 May. The forecast has local officials bracing for the worst. But it represents an opportunity for Fischer, an atmospheric scientist at Colorado State University in Fort Collins who is preparing to spend the summer flying through plumes of wildfire smoke aboard a C-130 cargo plane jammed full of scientific equipment. The flights are the highlight of an unprecedented effort, costing more than $30 million, that involves aircraft, satellites, instrumented vans, and even researchers traveling on foot. Over the next 2 years, two coordinated campaigns—one funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the other by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)—aim to better understand the chemistry and physics of wildfire smoke, as well as how it affects climate, air pollution, and human health.
SMSLEFA: An alternative synergistic multilayered analysis of students’ learning engagement in EFL context
Authors: Suherdi Didi
Published: June 2018

Students’ learning engagement (SLE) has been the focus of educational research at least since the 1990s. Studies have been conducted using various methods and data analysis approaches and frameworks. However, reviews on related literature show that thus far there is no synergistic multilayered framework of analysis that has been developed and utilized. In the meantime, understanding SLE using discrete and separated framework is by no means conclusive. Hence, it is reasonable to argue that synergistic multilayered framework is imperative if conclusive result is being targeted. For this purpose, the writer has developed an alternative framework, called SMSLEFA, standing for Synergistic Multilayered Students’ Learning Engagement Framework of Analysis. This paper will explicate how this framework of analysis works as well as describing the nature of SLE in an English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching. To achieve these objectives, a sample of EFL teaching in an Indonesian context, involving a teacher and his 24 students, has been purposively selected. The analysis shows that SMSLEFA has successfully explicated the SLE in a synergistic multilayered way and described the intricacy of the SLE in the class under study, and that SLE in the teaching-learning process has been successfully developed through the interwoven network of K1- (teachers’ explanation) and Ds1 (teachers’ invitation to perform communicative activities)-initiated exchanges, and the support of other kinds of exchanges. This interaction pattern encourages the development of synergistic combination of C1 (remembering text elements) and P2 (manipulating model texts) processes as the dominant processes, leading to the production of T (text)-level communication as the most frequently processed throughout the teaching-learning process.
Working memory capacity, content familiarity, and university EFL students’ reading comprehension
Authors: Heriyawati Dwi Fita , Saukah Ali , Widiati Utami
Published: June 2018

This study explores the effect of working memory capacity (WMC) and content familiarity (CF) on EFL reading comprehension. Seventy senior students from a private university in Malang, Indonesia, were involved in the study, having been selected based on their English proficiency of at least pre-advanced level. These students were required to complete a reading span test for the WMC and a multiple-choice reading test based on CF. The findings of this study show that there is no interaction effect between WMC as the main independent variable and CF as the moderator variable; this implies that the students with higher WMC comprehend texts better than those with lower WMC, regardless of whether they are familiar or not with the texts.
Gender representation in Filipino storybooks for children
Authors: Mante-Estacio MA. Joahna , Dumalay Fernand Kevin , Rentillo Philip
Published: June 2018

Aside from learning values, traditions, and significant experiences from storybooks, children also learn about their roles as males and females from these learning materials. Previous studies on gender representation revealed that male characters in children’s storybooks are given more active roles through the verbs assigned to them. The present study examines gender portrayal in bilingual children’s literature written by Filipino authors. Using word count guided by the verb taxonomy of Johnson and Young (2002), 60 award winning and non-award winning books published between 2006 to 2017 were analyzed. Overall, the results reveal that the male characters continue to be assigned more active roles in the stories; however, they can also be assigned to roles that were traditionally given to female characters. Furthermore, both male and female names follow a two-syllabic structure which underlies the hypothesis that they are easily remembered by young readers. The implications of these findings in critical literacy are further discussed.
L2 Motivational Self System and L2 achievement: A study of Indonesian EAP learners
Authors: Subekti Adaninggar Septi
Published: June 2018

This study was conducted to find the relationship between learners’ L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS), consisting of Ideal L2 Self, ought-to L2 Self, and L2 Learning Experience and their achievement. The participants of this quantitative study were 56 Indonesian undergraduate students who were taking English for Biotechnology class, an English for Academic Purpose (EAP) class. This study was conducted based on several rationales. Despite many researchers’ support on L2MSS’ strength in predicting L2 learning, they have not conclusively established the extent to which learners’ motivation measured with their L2MSS influences their achievements and to date, there have only been few studies investigating the relationships between L2MSS and actual learning achievements. Besides, despite L2MSS’ growing popularity in the field of motivational research, motivational studies using L2MSS in the Indonesian university context are generally still very rare. Hence, this study can serve to pave a way for further motivational studies using L2MSS in the context. The study found that in general learners had high a level of motivation as measured with L2MSS questionnaires. The study further found several results which were rather surprising. First, Ideal L2 Self and L2 Learning Experience did not have significant relationships with achievement. Even ought-to L2 Self and achievement correlated negatively. It was also found that, despite many experts’ support on L2MSS’s strength in predicting L2 learning, the participants’ L2MSS could not be a strong predictor of their achievement. Based on the results, discussions on possible contributing factors were presented along with the implications of this study results in the field of motivational studies. Based on the possible limitations of the study, furthermore, some directions for future studies are also presented.
Traditional versus virtual learning: How engaged are the students in learning English literature?
Authors: Halili Siti Hajar , Rahman Nurul Hanani Abdul , Razak Rafiza Abdul
Published: June 2018

This study is aimed to investigate students’ levels of engagement in learning English literature for traditional learning and virtual learning environment. There are four dimensions of engagement that were studied, which are the cognitive, behavioural, emotional and agentic engagement. A self-determination theory perspective on student engagement by Reeve (2012) was used for the foundation of this study. A questionnaire of School Engagement Measure was used to collect data from 80 respondents. The data were analysed using descriptive analysis utilizing the SPSS software. The results of this study show that the engagement level of the virtual learning environment is higher than the engagement level of the traditional learning. Based on the results, further research is recommended to focus on the effectiveness of virtual learning environment in the classroom for the teaching and learning process.
Linguistic and cultural identity of Indonesian Americans in The United States
Authors: Lie Anita , Wijaya Juliana , Kuntjara Esther
Published: June 2018

This article examines the second-generation immigrants in California and focuses on their language use and cultural identity as Indonesian-Americans. This study investigated to what extent home language use and community involvement influenced mastery of Indonesian heritage language and what factors affected the forming of cultural identity. Data were drawn from self-assessed Indonesian Oral Proficiency Questionnaire and in-depth interviews of sixteen Indonesian-Americans aged fifteen to early twenties.  Their parents were also interviewed as triangulation.  Results show that parents’ insistence in using Indonesian as home language and the youths’ investment in support community have enhanced the mastery of Indonesian heritage language.  Furthermore, exposure to the language and culture, investment, and community factors have affected the transformation of cultural identity.