bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of gender on use of revascularization in acute coronary syndromes: The national observational study of diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterization (ONACI)
Authors: Isorni Marc‐Antoine , Blanchard Didier , Teixeira Nelson , le Breton Hervé , Renault Nisa , Gilard Martine , Lefèvre Thierry , Mulak Geneviève , Danchin Nicolas , Spaulding Christian , Puymirat Etienne
Published: March 2015

Objectives

To assess the impact of gender on myocardial revascularization using data collected in a French nationwide registry: the national observational study of diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterization (ONACI).

Background

Gender differences in management of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) have been reported.

Methods

We analysed data from a nationwide French prospective multicentre registry including 64,932 suspected ACS patients recruited in 99 centres from 2004 to 2008.

Results

Overall, women were older (70.7 ± 12.7 vs. 63.8 ± 12.9 years), had a higher cardiovascular risk profile, and were more frequently admitted with non ST‐elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina (NSTEMI/UA) compared to men (73% vs. 68%). Women had significantly more angiographically normal coronary arteries or non‐significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in both STEMI (6% vs. 3%) and NSTEMI/UA (21% vs. 11%) while men had more severe CAD. After adjusting for age, cardiovascular risk factors, and extent of disease, myocardial revascularization (defined as the use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting) was less frequently used in women (adjusted OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.77–0.83). For those receiving PCI, in‐hospital mortality within 24 hr of intervention was higher in women (3.6% vs. 1.2%; adjusted OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.22–1.87).

Conclusions

In the present study, despite having a higher cardiovascular risk profile, women more frequently had normal vessel/non‐significant angiographic coronary artery disease. In patients with significant coronary artery disease, myocardial revascularization was less frequently used in women whatever the type of ACS. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Amide‐Functionalized Dynamic Metal–Organic Framework Exhibiting Visual Colorimetric Anion Exchange and Selective Uptake of Benzene over Cyclohexane
Authors: Karmakar Avishek , Desai Aamod V. , Manna Biplab , Joarder Biplab , Ghosh Sujit K.
Published: March 2015

A novel porous metal–organic framework (MOF) architecture is formed by a neutral amide‐functionalized ligand and copper(II). Upon desolvation, this compound undergoes a dynamic structural transformation from a one‐dimensional (1D) porous phase to a two‐dimensional (2D) non‐porous phase that shows selective uptake of benzene over cyclohexane. The as‐synthesized compound also acts as a visual colorimetric anion sensor for thiocyanate.
Emerging Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Technologies
Authors: Hermes Wilfried , Waldmann Daniel , Agari Michaela , Schierle‐Arndt Kerstin , Erk Peter
Published: March 2015

With free fuel from the sun, the cost of photovoltaic (PV) power is just related to conversion efficiency, lifetime and cost of the PV system. After successful optimization, crystalline silicon took the lead and a respectable PV market developed under the umbrella of subsidies. Thin‐film PV technologies provide the opportunity to reduce PV costs radically. They need less active material and their production processes are lean. In addition, flexibility, low weight and transparency will open new markets. This review gives an overview about the status of three emerging thin‐film technologies.
Approaching ultimate intrinsic SNR in a uniform spherical sample with finite arrays of loop coils
Authors: Vaidya Manushka V. , Sodickson Daniel K. , Lattanzi Riccardo
Published: March 2015

We investigated to what degree and at what rate the ultimate intrinsic (UI) signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) may be approached using finite radiofrequency detector arrays. We used full‐wave electromagnetic field simulations based on dyadic Green's functions to compare the SNR of arrays of loops surrounding a uniform sphere with the ultimate intrinsic SNR (UISNR), for increasing numbers of elements over a range of magnetic field strengths, voxel positions, sphere sizes, and acceleration factors. We evaluated the effect of coil conductor losses and the performance of a variety of distinct geometrical arrangements such as “helmet” and “open‐pole” configurations in multiple imaging planes. Our results indicate that UISNR at the center is rapidly approached with encircling arrays and performance is substantially lower near the surface, where a quadrature detection configuration tailored to voxel position is optimal. Coil noise is negligible at high field, where sample noise dominates. Central SNR for practical array configurations such as the helmet is similar to that of close‐packed arrangements. The observed trends can provide physical insights to improve coil design. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 44B: 53–65, 2015
Quadrature birdcage coil with distributed capacitors for 7.0 T magnetic resonance data acquisition of small animals
Authors: Stara Riccardo , Tiberi Gianluigi , Gabrieli Matteo , Buonincontri Guido , Fontana Nunzia , Monorchio Agostino , Costagli Mauro , Symms Mark Roger , Retico Alessandra , Tosetti Michela
Published: March 2015

High static magnetic field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used for preclinical studies in rodents. In this context, minimization of coil losses is mandatory to scan samples that are small compared to the radiofrequency wavelength in the medium. In this study we construct a radiofrequency (RF) birdcage probe with distributed capacitors, operating in quadrature, tailored for 7.0T 1H MRI of small animals. The design eliminates the need for extra electrical components on the probe structure and affords a high SNR, a uniform
field (homogeneity of 93% in the axial plain of the phantom) and a coil sensitivity of 9.8
. Feasibility experiments of mouse imaging are conducted and the competitive capability of a 7.0 T human system equipped with the proposed coil is demonstrated in both body and brain preclinical imaging. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 44B: 83–88, 2015
What health care system delays reveal about inequalities in breast cancer medicine and global health
Authors: Bright Kristin
Published: March 2015

Health care system delays have an impact on clinical breast cancer stage and may be associated with disparities in outcomes. To evaluate the interaction of individual, organizational, and sociopolitical factors that affect system delays and to address the associated health disparities, understanding is needed regarding how providers, patients, and researchers conceptualize delays.
Multiplex sequencing for EZH2, CD79B, and MYD88 mutations using archival cytospin preparations from B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma aspirates previously tested for MYC rearrangement and IGH/BCL2 translocation
Authors: da Cunha Santos Gilda , Saieg Mauro Ajaj , Ko Hyang Mi , Geddie William R. , Boerner Scott L. , Craddock Kenneth J. , Crump Michael , Bailey Denis
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND

Gene rearrangements and specific translocations define some B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes. Genome‐wide mutational studies have revealed recurrent point mutations with prognostic implications. The goals of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of applying a multiplex mutation assay to archival cytospin preparations (CPs) and to investigate the rate of EZH2, CD79B, and MYD88 mutations in B‐cell NHL samples previously tested for MYC rearrangement and/or IGH/BCL‐2 translocation.

METHODS

DNA was extracted from archival CPs of B‐cell NHL cases with previous fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays for MYC rearrangement and/or IGH/BCL‐2 translocation. Multiplex sequencing was performed for the detection of EZH2 (Y641), CD79B (Y196), and MYD88 (L265) mutations. Sanger sequencing was applied to samples with positive results and failed assays.

RESULTS

Eighty‐eight archival CPs were available from 40 patients. Alterations detected by FISH were: MYC rearrangement (10 cases), IGH/BCL‐2 translocations (21 cases), dual translocations (6 cases), and other abnormalities for IGH/BCL‐2 (23 cases) and for MYC (16 cases). DNA concentration ranged from 1.88 to 62.85 ng/µL (mean, 9.46 ng/µL). Successful results were obtained in 88.0% of the specimens submitted to multiplex sequencing. With Sanger sequencing, 2 additional mutated cases were found, and all cases with mutations were confirmed. Eight specimens showed mutations: 6 for EZH2, 1 for CD79B, and 1 for MYD88. Among them, 5 cases showed concurrent MYC and/or IGH/BCL‐2 translocations and 2 revealed abnormal signals of IGH/BCL‐2 and MYC.

CONCLUSIONS

CPs archived for up to 6 years are a reliable source of high‐quality genomic material for multiplex sequencing. Almost all B‐cell NHL with point mutations showed concurrent chromosomal abnormalities. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:413‐20. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Real‐time 2D visualization of metabolic activities in zebrafish embryos using a microfluidic technology
Authors: Zhu Feng , Baker Daniel , Skommer Joanna , Sewell Mary , Wlodkowic Donald
Published: March 2015

Non‐invasive and real‐time visualization of metabolic activities in living small model organisms such as embryos and larvae of zebrafish has not yet been attempted largely due to profound analytical limitations of existing technologies. Historically, our capacity to examine oxygen gradients surrounding eggs and embryos has been severely limited, so much so that to date, most of the articles characterizing in situ oxygen gradients have described predominantly mathematical simulations. These drawbacks can, however, be experimentally addressed by an emerging field of microfluidic Lab‐on‐a‐Chip (LOC) technologies combined with sophisticated optoelectronic sensors. In this work, we outline a proof‐of‐concept approach utilizing microfluidic living embryo array system to enable in situ Fluorescence Ratiometric Imaging (FRIM) on developing zebrafish embryos. The FRIM is an innovative method for kinetic quantification of the temporal patterns of aqueous oxygen gradients at a very fine scale based on signals coming from an optical sensor referred to as a sensor foil. We envisage that future integration of microfluidic chip‐based technologies with FRIM represents a noteworthy direction to miniaturize and revolutionize research on metabolism and physiology in vivo. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Sensory regulation of spontaneous limb movements in the midstage embryonic chick
Authors: Sharp Andrew A.
Published: March 2015

It is becoming increasingly apparent that somatosensation plays an important role in regulating prenatal movement and developmental plasticity. Numerous studies performed on embryonic chicks and perinatal rats are beginning to implicate proprioception to be particularly important in modulating motility very soon after afferent connections are made in the spinal cord. In this report, we demonstrate new approaches in the chick embryo to explore the role of sensation in modulating embryonic movement. Force recordings from the legs of chick embryos on E9 and E11, during spontaneous motility, demonstrate changes in sensory regulation consistent with the concept that sensory regulation is functioning one day after sensory synapse formation and that the complexity of this regulation increases by E11. Additionally, we present new video data showing activation of embryonic motility on E5 and E9 in embryos expressing channelrhodopsin in the spinal cord as a novel way to approach the issues of sensorimotor development. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 385–396, 2015.
Quantitative single cell gene expression profiling in the avian embryo
Authors: Morrison Jason A. , Box Andrew C. , McKinney Mary C. , McLennan Rebecca , Kulesa Paul M.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Single cell gene profiling has been successfully applied to cultured cells. However, isolation and preservation of a cell's native gene expression state from an intact embryo remain problematic. Results: Here, we present a strategy for in vivo single cell profiling that optimizes cell identification, isolation and amplification of nucleic acids with nominal bias and sufficient material detection. We first tested several photoconvertible fluorescent proteins to selectively mark a cell(s) of interest in living chick embryos then accurately identify and isolate the same cell(s) in fixed tissue slices. We determined that the dual color mDendra2 provided the optimal signal/noise ratio for this purpose. We developed proper procedures to minimize cell death and preserve gene expression, and suggest nucleic acid amplification strategies for downstream analysis by microfluidic reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction or RNAseq. Lastly, we compared methods for single cell isolation and found that our fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) protocol was able to preserve native transcripts and generate expression profiles with much higher efficiency than laser capture microdissection (LCM). Conclusions: Quantitative single cell gene expression profiling may be accurately applied to interrogate complex cell dynamics events during embryonic development by combining photoconversion cell labeling, FACS, proper handling of isolated cells, and amplification strategies. Developmental Dynamics 244:774–784, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Valuing preservation and restoration alternatives for ecosystem services in the southwestern USA
Authors: Broadbent Craig D. , Brookshire David S. , Goodrich David , Dixon Mark D. , Brand L. Arriana , Thacher Jennifer , Stewart Steve
Published: March 2015

Conservation of freshwater ecosystems in the semi‐arid southwestern USA is a critical issue as these systems support habitat for wildlife and provide consumptive use for humankind. Economists have utilized stated preference techniques to value non‐marketed goods and services such as freshwater ecosystems for much of the last four decades. Recently, Boyd and Banzhaf (2007) have advocated for ecosystem accounting units to be created in valuing ecosystem services such as freshwater ecosystems. Working collectively, a team of physical and social scientists developed a set of ecological endpoints for two river regions in the southwestern USA and used these ecological endpoints in a contingent valuation survey to obtain willingness to pay values for restoration and preservation alternatives. The results demonstrate statistically significant preservation and restoration estimates for the Upper San Pedro and restoration estimates for the Middle Rio Grande ecosystems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
External‐Template‐Assisted Formation of Octacyanometalate‐Based MV–MnII (M = W, Mo) Bimetallic Coordination Polymers with Magnetic Properties
Authors: Qian Jun , Hu Jingchun , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Zhang Jinfang , Awaga Kunio , Zhang Chi
Published: March 2015

Three manganese–molybdenum/tungsten bimetallic coordination polymers, two 2D {{[μ4‐M(CN)8]2[Mn(dmf)3]2[Mn(dmf)4]}·2DMF}n (M = W 1, Mo 2) and a 1D {{[μ4‐Mo(CN)8][Mn(dmf)4]2}·(ClO4)}n (3), were constructed from the reaction of the (Bu3NH)3[M(CN)8] (M = W, Mo) and Mn(ClO4)2·6H2O molecular building blocks in DMF solvent in the presence (for 1 and 2) or absence (for 3) of the organic ligand bis(benzimidazol‐2′‐yl)pyridine. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction structure analysis indicated that compounds 1 and 2 both crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system with the P21/c space group and possess the same 2D network. The 2D layer structures of 1 and 2 have a (3,4)‐connected 2‐nodal topology with the point symbol {42·63·8}{42·6}. Compound 3 crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system with the P42/m space group. All three compounds are further assembled into 3D supramolecular structures through intermolecular C–H···N or C–H···O hydrogen bonds. The magnetic susceptibility of compounds 1 and 3 was investigated in the temperature range of 2–300 K; these compounds exhibit typical ferrimagnetic properties.
Phenylpyrazole‐Based Hypervalent Phosphorus Compounds: From Positional Isomerism to Stacking Interactions
Authors: Kornev Alexander N. , Sushev Vyacheslav V. , Panova Yulia S. , Zolotareva Natalia V. , Baranov Evgenii V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Abakumov Gleb A.
Published: March 2015

The lithium salt of 3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole (PyrC6H4Li) reacts with (Et2N)2PCl to give the precursor [PyrC6H4P(NEt2)2] (2), which, after reaction with PCl3, affords PyrC6H4PCl2 (3) in 79 % yield. The phosphorus atom in 3 has four‐coordinate disphenoidal geometry with an axial arrangement of Cl atoms. The length of the hypervalent N–P bond in this compound [1.775(1) Å] is comparable to that of common single bonds. The structure of 3 is better described by canonical formulae containing charges on the N, P, and Cl atoms. The 1H NMR spectrum of 3 in CDCl3 shows five pairs of nonequivalent Me groups, which correspond to the positional isomers that exist in the equilibrium mixture. Compound 3 easily exchanges chlorine with methyl iodide to form the diiodo derivative 4 (PyrC6H4PI2) with nonequivalent P–I bonds. The reduction of 3 with aluminium foil or [GeCl2(diox)] gave cationic diphosphines [(PyrC6H4P)2(μ‐Cl)][AlCl4] (8) and [(PyrC6H4P)2(μ‐Cl)][GeCl3] (9), respectively, with a chloride bridge between the phosphorus atoms. Compounds 4, 8 and 9 show a disphenoidal arrangement around the hypervalent phosphorus atoms. The dichloro and diiodo derivatives 3 and 4 are destroyed on heating in pyridine to give diphosphines [(PyrC6H4PCl)2] (10) and [(PyrC6H4P)2(μ‐I)]+[I] (12), respectively, containing hypervalent (trivalent four‐coordinate) phosphorus. The crystal structure of 10 shows multiple C···C, C···Cl, H···H, and C···H short contacts between the adjacent molecules. Compound 3 exchanges chlorine for oxygen atoms on heating in dimethylformamide to give the dioxide PyrC6H4PO2 (13) with an N–PV distance [1.808(1) Å] even longer than that in 3.
Involvement of membrane proteins and ion channels on the self‐rotation of human cells in a non‐rotating AC electric field
Authors: Vaillier Clarisse , Honegger Thibault , Kermarrec Frédérique , Gidrol Xavier , Peyrade David
Published: March 2015

Dielectrophoresis is a force that has been exploited in microsystems for label‐free characterization and separation of cells, when their electrical signature is known. However, the polarization effect of cells at the transmembrane protein level is not well established. In this work, we have use the self‐rotation effect of cells in a non‐rotating field, known as the “Quincke effect,” in order to measure the maximum rotation frequency (frotmax) of different cell populations when modifying the composition of their membrane. We investigated the influence of active ionic transportation of membrane protein concentration on frotmax of HEK cells. Our results show that ionic transportation is responsible for the reduction of conductivity within the cytoplasm, which results in higher frotmax. However, the influence of the concentration of proteins in the membrane, achieved by silencing gene expression in cancer cells, changes significantly frotmax, which is not explained by the changes of ionic conductivity within the cell.
Biopolymers made from methane in bioreactors
Authors: Chidambarampadmavathy Karthigeyan , Karthikeyan Obulisamy P. , Heimann Kirsten
Published: March 2015

Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas and mitigation is important to reduce global warming impacts. In this study, we aimed to convert CH4 to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB; a biopolymer) by enrichment of methanotrophic consortia in bioreactors. Two different methanotrophic consortia were established form landfill top‐cover (landfill biomass [LB]) and compost soils (compost biomass [CB]), through cultivation under CH4:CO2:air (30:10:60) in batch systems. The established cultures were then used as inoculi (0.5 g LB or CB⋅L−1) in continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) aerated with CH4:CO2:air at 0.25 L⋅min−1. Under stable CSTRs operating conditions, the effect of spiking with 1:1 copper:iron (final concentrations of 5μM) was tested. Methane oxidation capacity (MOC), biomass dry weight (DWbiomass), PHB, and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) contents were used as effect parameters. A maximum MOC of 481.9 ± 8.9 and 279.6 ± 11.3 mg CH4⋅g−1 DWbiomass⋅h−1 was recorded in LB‐CSTR and CB‐CSTR, respectively, but PHB production was similar for both systems, that is 37.7 mg⋅g−1 DWbiomass. Treatment with copper and iron improved PHB production (22.5% of DWbiomass) in LB‐CSTR, but a reduction of 13.6% was observed in CB‐CSTR. The results indicated that CH4 to PHB conversion is feasible using LB‐CSTRs and addition of copper and iron is beneficial.
The Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan–Gelatin Microcapsules and Microcomposites with Fatty Acids as Thermal Energy Storage Materials
Authors: Konuklu Yeliz , Paksoy Halime O.
Published: March 2015

After cellulose, chitosan is the second‐most‐abundant natural resource and can be used as shell material during microencapsulation. In this study, chitosan–gelatin (CG) microcapsules and microcomposites containing either caprylic or decanoic acid were prepared according to the complex coacervation method and cross‐linked by glutaraldehyde. To study the influence of the glutaraldehyde mass ratio upon encapsulation, as well as both the physical and thermal properties of the resulting microcapsules, the properties of microencapsulated phase‐change materials (microPCMs) were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results show the successful synthesis of microPCMs and melting temperatures of approximately 11.5 and 24.2 °C with latent heat storage capacities of 79 and 73 J g−1 for microPCMs containing caprylic acid and those containing decanoic acid, respectively.
Modeling biomass gasification system using multistep kinetics under various oxygen–steam conditions
Authors: Banerjee Sudhanya , Tiarks Jordan A. , Kong Song‐Charng
Published: March 2015

Biomass gasification is an effective method to convert low‐value lingocellulosic biomass into useful gas products. The ability to predict the gas composition is important to process design. In this study, simulations of biomass gasification were carried out for various feedstocks at different operating conditions, and the model results were validated using experimental data. A multistep kinetics model was developed to predict the syngas composition using different biomass feedstocks under various oxygen‐enriched air and steam conditions. The oxygen level in the gasifying agent ranged from 21% (air) to 45% (pure oxygen). Five different biomass materials were used, including pine, maple–oak mixture, seed corn, corn stover, and switchgrass. The fluidized bed gasifier was maintained at 800°C. The present kinetics model was able to predict the concentrations of H2, CO, CO2, H2O, CH4, and N2 in the syngas, and the predicted compositions were in good agreement with the experimental data. The results show that the model was sensitive to the variation in the oxygen level, steam flow rate, and the composition of the biomass material. As the oxygen level increased, the model also predicted the increase in H2, CO, CH4, and the H2/CO ratio. The mechanism on improving the syngas quality was also explained by analyzing the reaction equations. The increase in hydrogen is believed to be due to the use of steam for gasification. The present model can further be integrated into the process simulation model for predicting the performance of a biorefinery to help utilize biomass energy. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1148–1155, 2015
Dye biosorption from water employing chemically modified calabrian pine cone shell as an effective biosorbent
Authors: Deniz Fatih
Published: March 2015

The feasibility of base (0.1 M NaOH) treated cone shell of Calabrian pine as an effective and inexpensive biosorbent was examined for removal of C.I. Basic Red 46 as a model azo dye from aqueous solution. Biosorption conditions selected for this study were optimized using Taguchi experimental design. The pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, logistic, and intraparticle diffusion models were used for the evaluation of kinetic data. The logistic model presented the best fit to the experimental results with the most suitable statistical outcomes. The intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate‐limiting step for the dye biosorption and also the other mechanism(s) may control the rate of biosorption or all of which may be operating simultaneously. Furthermore, the relationship between the kinetic parameters and the biosorption performance was investigated. The equilibrium data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin‐Radushkevich isotherm models. Langmuir model fitted better to the biosorption data than Freundlich model. The maximum monolayer biosorption capacity of the biosorbent for the dye was found to be 89.76 mg g−1. Besides, when compared with the natural cone shell, the chemically modified cone shell has a greater biosorption capacity for C.I. Basic Red 46. The base modification improved the biosorption ability of the biosorbent for the dye. Dubinin‐Radushkevich model and the standard Gibbs free energy change presented that the predominant mechanism of the biosorption of dye by the cone shell was likely physical biosorption. Finally, a single‐stage batch biosorption system design for the dye removal was outlined based on the equilibrium data obtained. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1267–1278, 2015
Fluorine‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles sensitized by tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin and zinc tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin: Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of photocatalytic activity
Authors: Rahimi Rahmatollah , Saadati Sara , Honarvar Fard Elham
Published: March 2015

In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles have been doped with fluorine (F‐TiO2) and consequently sensitized with tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP/F‐TiO2) or zinc tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (ZnTCPP/F‐TiO2) to extend their light absorption into the visible region. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, and UV‐Vis assays. F‐TiO2 nanoparticles were completely in anatase phase with particle size range of 50−200 nm. Fluorine‐doping of the TiO2 nanoparticles led to a red shift in their absorption spectrum, while did not significantly changed their band gap (from 2.9 to 2.8 eV). ZnTCPP/F‐TiO2 and particularly TCPP/F‐TiO2 nanoparticles displayed improved visible light absorbency with decreased band gap values (1.5 and 2.4 eV, respectively). The photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles has been studied through degradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous media under UV and visible light irradiation. The prepared photocatalysts showed lower activity than Degussa P‐25 under UV light irradiation. However, under visible light irradiation, F‐TiO2 nanoparticles better photocatalyzed the RhB degradation than Degussa P‐25. Meanwhile, ZnTCPP/F‐TiO2 and mainly TCPP/F‐TiO2 nanoparticles were completely photoactive under visible light irradiation. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1341–1348, 2015
A time‐domain seismic SSI analysis method for inelastic bridge structures through the use of a frequency‐dependent lumped parameter model
Authors: Lesgidis Nikolaos , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Sextos Anastasios
Published: March 2015

It is highlighted in the past that the soil–structure interaction phenomenon can produce a significant alteration on the response of a bridge structure. A variety of approaches has been developed in the past, which is capable of tackling the soil–structure interaction problem from different perspectives. The popular approach of a discretized truncated finite element model of the soil domain is not always a numerically viable solution, especially for computationally demanding simulations such as the probabilistic fragility analysis of a bridge structure or the real time hybrid simulation. This paper aims to develop a complete modeling procedure that is capable of coping with the soil–structure interaction problem of inelastic bridge structures through the use of a frequency dependent lumped parameter assembly. The proposed procedure encounters accuracy and global stability issues observed on past methods while maintaining the broad applicability of the method by any commercial FEM software. A case study of an overpass bridge structure under earthquake excitations is illustrated in order to verify the proposed method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of web plate numerical models for self‐centering steel plate shear walls
Authors: Clayton Patricia M. , Tsai Ching‐Yi , Berman Jeffrey W. , Lowes Laura N.
Published: March 2015

Previous research has shown that self‐centering steel plate shear walls (SC‐SPSWs) are capable of achieving enhanced seismic performance at multiple hazard levels, including recentering following design‐level earthquakes. When modeling SC‐SPSWs numerically, these studies considered an idealized tension‐only steel plate shear wall (SPSW) web plate behavior. Research has shown that web plate behavior is more complex than predicted by the idealized model, and web plates can provide more strength, stiffness, and energy dissipation than predicted by the idealized model. The idealized model of web plate behavior is used widely in SPSW numerical models where the moment‐resisting boundary frame provides supplemental hysteretic damping and stiffness; however, in SC‐SPSWs, where the post‐tensioned boundary frame is designed to remain elastic during an earthquake, accounting for the more complex web plate behavior can have a significant impact on seismic performance estimates from numerical simulation. This paper presents different methods for modeling SC‐SPSWs. Responses from these models are compared with experimental results. A simple modification of the tension‐only model, referred to as the tension‐compression strip model, is shown to provide a reasonable approximation of SC‐SPSW behavior. Results from nonlinear response history analyses of SC‐SPSWs with the tension‐only and tension‐compression web plate models are compared to assess how the approximation of web plate behavior affects SC‐SPSW seismic performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fluorescence-based hydrolytic enzyme activity assay for quantifying toxic effects of Roundup® to Daphnia magna
Authors: Ørsted Michael , Roslev Peter
Published: March 2015

Daphnia magna is a widely used model organism for aquatic toxicity testing. In the present study, the authors investigated the hydrolytic enzyme activity of D. magna after exposure to toxicant stress. In vivo enzyme activity was quantified using 15 fluorogenic enzyme probes based on 4-methylumbelliferyl or 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin. Probing D. magna enzyme activity was evaluated using short-term exposure (24–48 h) to the reference chemical K2Cr2O7 or the herbicide formulation Roundup®. Toxicant-induced changes in hydrolytic enzyme activity were compared with changes in mobility (International Organization for Standardization standard 6341). The results showed that hydrolytic enzyme activity was quantifiable as a combination of whole body fluorescence of D. magna and the fluorescence of the surrounding water. Exposure of D. magna to lethal and sublethal concentrations of Roundup resulted in loss of whole body enzyme activity and release of cell constituents, including enzymes and DNA. Roundup caused comparable inhibition of mobility and alkaline phosphatase activity with median effective concentration values at 20 °C of 8.7 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/L to 11.7 mg a.i./L. Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity by Roundup was lowest at 14 °C and greater at 20 °C and 26 °C. The results suggest that the fluorescence-based hydrolytic enzyme activity assay (FLEA assay) can be used as an index of D. magna stress. Combining enzyme activity with fluorescence measurements may be applied as a simple and quantitative supplement for toxicity testing with D. magna. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1841–1850. © 2015 SETAC
Forecasting the Outcome of Closed‐Door Decisions: Evidence from 500 Years of Betting on Papal Conclaves
Authors: Vaughan Williams Leighton , Paton David
Published: March 2015

Closed‐door decisions may be defined as decisions in which the outcome is determined by a limited number of decision‐makers and where the process is shrouded in at least some secrecy. In this paper, we examine the use of betting markets to forecast one particular closed‐door decision: the election of the pope. Within the context of 500 years of papal election betting, we employ a unique dataset of betting on the 2013 papal election to investigate how new public information is incorporated into the betting odds. Our results suggest that the market was generally unable to incorporate effectively such information. We venture some possible explanations for our findings and offer suggestions for further research into the prediction and predictability of other ‘closed‐door’ decisions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liver inflammation abrogates immunological tolerance induced by Kupffer cells
Authors: Heymann Felix , Peusquens Julia , Ludwig‐Portugall Isis , Kohlhepp Marlene , Ergen Can , Niemietz Patricia , Martin Christian , van Rooijen Nico , Ochando Jordi C. , Randolph Gwendalyn J. , Luedde Tom , Ginhoux Florent , Kurts Christian , Trautwein Christian , Tacke Frank
Published: March 2015

The liver is essential for inducing immunological tolerance toward harmless antigens to maintain immune system homeostasis. However, the precise cellular mechanisms of tolerance induction against particle‐bound antigens, the role of the local hepatic microenvironment, and implications for therapeutic targets in immune‐mediated diseases are currently unclear. In order to elucidate cellular mechanisms of tolerance induction in healthy and injured liver, we developed a novel in vivo system combining the systemic delivery of low‐dose peptide antigens coupled to inert particles, immunological readouts, and sophisticated intravital multiphoton microscopy‐based imaging of liver in mice. We show that liver resident macrophages, Kupffer cells (KCs), but not hepatic monocyte‐derived macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs), are the central cellular scavenger for circulating particle‐associated antigens in homeostasis. KC‐associated antigen presentation induces CD4 T‐cell arrest, expansion of naturally occurring Foxp3+CD25+ interleukin‐10‐producing antigen‐specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tolerogenic immunity. Particle‐associated tolerance induction in the liver protected mice from kidney inflammation in T‐cell‐mediated glomerulonephritis, indicating therapeutic potential of targeting KC for immune‐mediated extrahepatic disorders. Liver inflammation in two independent experimental models of chronic liver injury and fibrosis abrogated tolerance induction and led to an immunogenic reprogramming of antigen‐specific CD4 T cells. In injured liver, infiltrating monocyte‐derived macrophages largely augment the hepatic phagocyte compartment, resulting in antigen redistribution between myeloid cell populations and, simultaneously, KCs lose signature markers of their tolerogenic phenotype. Conclusions: Hepatic induction of tissue‐protective immunological tolerance against particulate antigens is dependent on KCs as well as on a noninflamed liver microenvironment, thereby providing mechanistic explanations for the clinical observation of immune dysfunction and tolerance break in patients with advanced liver diseases. (Hepatology 2015;62:279‐291)
Mutant p53 expression in fallopian tube epithelium drives cell migration
Authors: Quartuccio Suzanne M. , Karthikeyan Subbulakshmi , Eddie Sharon L. , Lantvit Daniel D. , Ó hAinmhire Eoghainín , Modi Dimple A. , Wei Jian‐Jun , Burdette Joanna E.
Published: March 2015

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among US women. Evidence supports the hypothesis that high‐grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSC) may originate in the distal end of the fallopian tube. Although a heterogeneous disease, 96% of HGSC contain mutations in p53. In addition, the “p53 signature,” or overexpression of p53 protein (usually associated with mutation), is a potential precursor lesion of fallopian tube derived HGSC suggesting an essential role for p53 mutation in early serous tumorigenesis. To further clarify p53‐mutation dependent effects on cells, murine oviductal epithelial cells (MOE) were stably transfected with a construct encoding for the R273H DNA binding domain mutation in p53, the most common mutation in HGSC. Mutation in p53 was not sufficient to transform MOE cells but did significantly increase cell migration. A similar p53 mutation in murine ovarian surface epithelium (MOSE), another potential progenitor cell for serous cancer, was not sufficient to transform the cells nor change migration suggesting tissue specific effects of p53 mutation. Microarray data confirmed expression changes of pro‐migratory genes in p53R273H MOE compared to parental cells, which could be reversed by suppressing Slug expression. Combining p53R273H with KRASG12V activation caused transformation of MOE into high‐grade sarcomatoid carcinoma when xenografted into nude mice. Elucidating the specific role of p53R273H in the fallopian tube will improve understanding of changes at the earliest stage of transformation. This information can help develop chemopreventative strategies to prevent the accumulation of additional mutations and reverse progression of the “p53 signature” thereby, improving survival rates.
Irrigation in Southern Africa: Success or Failure?
Authors: Mutiro Justin , Lautze Jonathan
Published: March 2015

Despite widespread recognition of the importance of irrigation development in southern Africa, no comprehensive examination exists on the performance of past irrigation schemes in the region. This paper systematically examines existing literature on irrigation schemes in southern Africa in order to: (i) determine the proportion that can be considered successful; and (ii) identify and rank factors that explain variation in performance. The results indicate that some 59% of irrigation schemes in southern Africa can be considered successful. Factors associated with successful performance include: management style, irrigation method, crop mix, type of financier and geography. The levels of success identified through this review validate calls to increase the irrigated area in southern Africa. These results nonetheless highlight opportunities to strengthen the way in which future irrigation schemes are undertaken. In particular, these results may call for increased use of sprinkler irrigation and reduced use of flood irrigation with pumping. The results also suggest more investment could be channelled into schemes focused on maize–vegetable crop rotations and sugar cane, and caution applied to government management of schemes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MORBIDITY OF COMPLETION THYROIDECTOMY FOR INITIALLY MISDIAGNOSED THYROID CARCINOMA
Authors: Calabro Susan , Auguste Louis‐Joseph , Attie Joseph N.
Published: March 2015

We reviewed 757 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated between 1963 and 1986 to investigate the morbidity associated with completion thyroidectomy when a nodule initially reported to be benign by frozen section is subsequently found to be malignant; 66 patients underwent completion thyroidectomy as a second procedure for initially misdiagnosed thyroid carcinoma. Fifty‐one patients had papillary carcinoma, 12 follicular carcinoma, and 3 Hürthle cell carcinoma. Final pathology revealed 28 cases of multicentricity of which 19 were bilateral. Complications included transient hypocalcemia (12.1%), recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (1.5%), and wound hematomas or infections (9.1%). No cases of permanent hypoparathyroidism or vocal cord paralysis were encountered. Reoperation for initially misdiagnosed thyroid carcinoma appears to be warranted in light of the low morbidity and high incidence of bilateral and multicentric disease reported in this series.
MANAGEMENT OF NECROTIC NECK WOUNDS WITH A “SANDWICH” PECTORALIS MYOCUTANEOUS FLAP
Authors: Goldstein Robert D. , Komisar Arnold , Silver Carl , Strauch Berish
Published: March 2015

A modified pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was used to stabilize necrotic neck wounds rapidly in irradiated patients. The flap was a “sandwich” flap that included an overlying “parasternal” pectoral skin paddle for pharyngeal reconstruction, the pectoralis muscle for carotid protection, and a meshed skin graft applied to the undersurface of the muscle to replace cervical skin. This flap has been used to reconstruct seven patients with severe wound necrosis from pharyngeal fistula and infection. All patients had carotid exposure in the infected wound. Reconstruction in all patients accomplished restoration of pharyngeal continuity, carotid protection, and cervical skin replacement. Some patients required more than one procedure for closure. There were no carotid “blowouts” in any of the patients. This technique enables the head and neck surgeon to stabilize these contaminated wounds rapidly and to reconstruct complex defects of the pharynx and cervical skin.
ANGIOLYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA‐ACQUIRED PORT‐WINE‐STAIN–LIKE LESIONS: ATTEMPT AT TREATMENT WITH THE ARGON LASER
Authors: Pasyk Krystyna A. , Elsenety Evette N. , Schelbert Erik B.
Published: March 2015

An unusual case of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) simulating port‐wine stain in a 50‐year‐old woman is reported. The lesions of ALHE are typically papules or subcutaneous masses that range from light pink to red‐brown in color. In addition to the usual histologic findings of ALHE, the biopsy in our patient showed some fibrin‐like material and fibrous long‐spacing collagen on ultrastructural examination. This unusual lesion necessitates biopsy because the differential diagnosis includes port‐wine stain, sarcoidosis, lupus erythematosus, and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (mycosis fungoides). Many different forms of treatment have been attempted for ALHE including radiotherapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, corticosteroids, and antibiotics. The lesions in our patient responded to argon laser therapy and surgical excision, though there has been recurrence on the border of the treated area. Because laser energy is noncumulative in the tissues and effective in removing the lesions, we recommend it as the treatment of choice for these lesions.
Ex vivo investigations on the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a diagnostic tool for reproductive medicine in a bovine model
Authors: Trottmann Matthias , Kölle Sabine , Leeb Regina , Doering Daniel , Reese Sven , Stief Christian G. , Dulohery Kate , Leavy Myles , Kuznetsova Julia , Homann Christian , Sroka Ronald
Published: March 2015

Routine infertility investigations in the male and female include imaging techniques such as ultrasonography and endoscopy (fertiloscopy). However, these techniques lack the resolution to localize vital sperm or to reveal detailed morphological analysis of the oviduct which is often the cause of infertility in females. Therefore we set out to evaluate the efficiency of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a diagnostic imaging tool for micron‐scale visualization of the male and female genital tract. Using the bovine as a model, the optical features of the TelestoTM, GanymedeTM (both Thorlabs) and NirisTM (Imalux) OCT imaging systems were compared.

Comparative visualization of ex vivo bovine testicular tissue by the TelestoTM microscopic optical coherence tomography system (left) and corresponding H&E staining (right).

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Comparative visualization of ex vivo bovine testicular tissue by the TelestoTM microscopic optical coherence tomography system (left) and corresponding H&E staining (right).
High Bone Mass–Causing Mutant LRP5 Receptors Are Resistant to Endogenous Inhibitors In Vivo
Authors: Niziolek Paul J , MacDonald Bryan T , Kedlaya Rajendra , Zhang Minjie , Bellido Teresita , He Xi , Warman Matthew L , Robling Alexander G
Published: March 2015

Certain missense mutations affecting LRP5 cause high bone mass (HBM) in humans. Based on in vitro evidence, HBM LRP5 receptors are thought to exert their effects by providing resistance to binding/inhibition of secreted LRP5 inhibitors such as sclerostin (SOST) and Dickkopf homolog-1 (DKK1). We previously reported the creation of two Lrp5 HBM knock-in mouse models, in which the human p.A214V or p.G171V missense mutations were knocked into the endogenous Lrp5 locus. To determine whether HBM knock-in mice are resistant to SOST- or DKK1-induced osteopenia, we bred Lrp5 HBM mice with transgenic mice that overexpress human SOST in osteocytes (8kbDmp1-SOST) or mouse DKK1 in osteoblasts and osteocytes (2.3kbCol1a1-Dkk1). We observed that the 8kbDmp1-SOST transgene significantly lowered whole-body bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), femoral and vertebral trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and periosteal bone-formation rate (BFR) in wild-type mice but not in mice with Lrp5 p.G171V and p.A214V alleles. The 2.3kbCol1a1-Dkk1 transgene significantly lowered whole-body BMD, BMC, and vertebral BV/TV in wild-type mice and affected p.A214V mice more than p.G171V mice. These in vivo data support in vitro studies regarding the mechanism of HBM-causing mutations, and imply that HBM LRP5 receptors differ in their relative sensitivity to inhibition by SOST and DKK1. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Acute Treatment With XMetA Activates Hepatic Insulin Receptors and Lowers Blood Glucose in Normal Mice
Authors: Bedinger Daniel H. , Kieffer Dorothy A. , Goldfine Ira D. , Roell Marina K. , Adams Sean H.
Published: March 2015

It has been proposed that monoclonal antibodies may become therapeutics for metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. We have previously characterized an allosteric monoclonal antibody to the human insulin receptor (IR), XMetA, that activated metabolic signaling leading to enhanced glucose transport in cultured cells, and chronically reduced fasting blood glucose levels in mouse models of diabetes mellitus. Under acute dosing conditions, the large size of an IR‐binding antibody like XMetA (∼150 kDa) could lead to a more rapid access into liver, an insulin sensitive tissue with well‐fenestrated capillaries, when compared to other insulin sensitive tissues with non‐fenestrated capillaries, such as muscle and adipose. Thus, in the present study we administered XMetA (10 mg/kg) and insulin (0.5 U/kg) via IV injection, and for 90 min compared their effects on blood glucose lowering and IR activation in three of the major insulin‐sensitive tissues of the normal fasted mouse: liver, adipose, and muscle. Like insulin, XMetA lowered blood glucose levels, although the effect was less rapid. Insulin activated IR autophosphorylation and Akt phosphorylation in liver, fat, and muscle. In contrast, IR activation by XMetA was primarily observed in the liver. Both insulin and XMetA lowered β‐hydroxybutyrate levels in plasma; however, only insulin reduced both non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glycerol concentrations. These data indicate that, in normal mice, acute glucose regulation by XMetA is largely mediated by its action on the liver. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2109–2119, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.