bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From marks to writing
Authors: Chalmers Debbie
Published: May 2014

We use words, pictures, colour, pattern and design as means of expressing ourselves and to help us communicate with others. An individual's mark making journey can begin from a very young age.
Materials and monsters
Authors: Leeper Marion
Published: May 2014

Scientific investigation involves a great deal of experimentation, and manipulation of materials, and so a story with an ever-changing resource and, best of all, a monster, offers powerful learning opportunities.
Fighting and fantasy play
Authors: Bryce-Clegg Alistair
Published: May 2014

Many young children, especially boys, will be drawn towards fantasy play involving guns or other such ‘weapons’, something that was once frowned upon, but does have a place if carefully handled.
RE theme Food and HARVEST
Authors: Davies Jane
Published: May 2014

Jane Davies, education officer for ActionAid, explains some of the do's and don'ts when looking at the experiences of countries suffering poverty and food shortages. Visit www.actionaid.org.uk/schools for online resources
Literacy theme IDEAS FOR CHRISTMAS
Authors: Sear Lynn
Published: May 2014

Lynn Sear looks ahead to some seasonal spirit and makes sure your literacy sessions are fit for a festive end of term
Accelerated reading with synthetic phonics
Authors: Roben Eva
Published: May 2014

In the second in a series on phonics, Eva Roben talks to specialists about the merits of different approaches. Next month she discusses how effectively they can be combined
National mobility week
Authors: Hammond Paula
Published: May 2014

In this month's assembly section, Paula Hammond encourages children and parents to be environmentally responsible when doing the school-run
Taming technology
Authors: Dracup Steve
Published: May 2014

The introduction of interactivity to the classroom can often cause anxiey for teachers. Steve Dracup explains how teachers can develop their ideas interacitvely with three simple steps
Write then, how can we get boys to catch up?
Authors: Hindmarch Sonali
Published: May 2014

Only 54 per cent of boys compared to 70 per cent of girls are achieving the standard for their age in writing at age seven. Sonali Hindmarch reports
What's all the fuh-ss about synthetic phonics?
Authors: Roben Eva
Published: May 2014

Debbie Hepplewhite talks to Eva Roben about why she thinks synthetic phonics is the best system to teach children to read
Sports day: Taiiku no hi
Authors: Hammond Paula
Published: May 2014

This month's assembly section focuses on Japan's sports day and covers the themes of positive self-image and physical fitness
Whose fear is it anyway?
Authors: Mill Patsy
Published: May 2014

In the second of a two-part series, Patsy Mill asks what the very young make of terrorist attacks and how will children growing up under this threat be affected?
Making bath bombs
Authors: Hammond Paula
Published: May 2014

The activities that follow show children how to carry out an experiment step-by-step helping them to improve their skills in planning, observing and evaluating
Let's hear it for the small people
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

New research shows that ignoring the needs of children in the classroom creates an angry, anxious society
Characterising children by what they can do
Authors: Fox-Eades Jenny
Published: May 2014

Jenny Fox Eades, programme planner for the conference ‘Valuing Difference', explores the importance of focusing on the strengths of children with special needs
Spelling and sound with Hairy Maclary
Authors: Hoad Elizabeth
Published: May 2014

For this month's activities, Elizabeth Hoad explores how to work on children's phonological awareness and spelling using Hairy Maclary from Donaldson's Dairy
Going local to global
Authors: Foley Marcia
Published: May 2014

Marcia Foley, a freelance geography advisor and project leader for the DfES-funded Geographical Association primary project, discusses how to develop children's geographical awareness of the wider world
Jamela's Dress
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

Liz Rhodes, a primary school consultant from Exeter, discusses ways to teach this delightful South African tale about Jamela who makes a mistake with her mother's new material to year 1 children
Advisor's view
Authors: Mitchell Roger
Published: May 2014

Roger Mitchell, chair of ASE, discusses how to effectively teach this month's topics, light and dark and changing and grouping materials, to key stage 1 children
Remembering your own school visits the write way
Authors: Chamberlain Liz
Published: May 2014

Children love trips and they provide an ideal opportunity for writing. Liz Chamberlain from the National Literacy Trust provides a few ideas on making the most of them
Can you spell success? How about read it?
Authors: Hindmarch Sonali
Published: May 2014

There's a new buzz in teaching reading – synthetic phonics. MPs are calling for schools to use it. What will this push mean? Sonali Hindmarch discusses
Plugged into good practice: Interactive classrooms of the future?
Authors: Barrett Tom
Published: May 2014

Tom Barrett, ICT coordinator, priestsic primary and nursery school about the ICT innovations in his school
Practice makes perfect when it comes to writing
Authors: Palmer Sue
Published: May 2014

In this month's Foundations of Literacy article, Sue Palmer talks about the skills that children need to acquire to compose their own written sentences
Feed fantasies and turn them into stories
Authors: Dawson Georgina
Published: May 2014

Georgina Dawson, producer of Play-talk-think-write boxes, explains how creating fantasy worlds in the class develops children's imagination as a tool for writing stories
Reshaping individual children's behaviour
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2014

Each child has their own pattern of behaviour. Stephanie Thornton asks: How can we use reward and punishment to help a child fit in?
It starts with a fuh sound: The phonics debate
Authors: Roben Eva
Published: May 2014

In the first of a series on phonics, Eva Roben talks to specialists about whether we should teach phonics and how it relates to other aspects of learning to read
Collaboration is the key
Authors: Nicholson Sue
Published: May 2014

Sue Nicholson talks to 5to7 about why and how collaboration is being embedded at the very heart of education throughout West Berkshire
To boldly go into the unknown: Infant to junior
Authors: O'Connell Suzanne
Published: May 2014

In the first of a series on transfers, Suzanne O'Connell discusses the move from key stage 1 to 2. How can we help make this move easier for children, parents and teachers?
Struggling with words
Authors: Fidler Wendy
Published: May 2014

Four per cent of UK children are severely dyslexic; a further six per cent have mild to moderate difficulties. Wendy Fidler suggests practical ways to assist these children
The multicultural myth
Authors: Mill Patsy
Published: May 2014

Are present policies of ‘multiculturalism’ the right way to go? Being at the frontline, is it time that teachers' voices be heard on this subject?
Counting one, two, three
Authors: Cowan Georgie
Published: May 2014

Georgie Cowan explains ordinal numbers, addition and subtraction.
State schools to open on a Saturday?
Authors: Johnson's Alan
Published: May 2014

Almost 90 per cent of school staff in England want change the curriculum to suit individual pupils' needs
State schools to open on a Saturday?
Authors: Johnson's Alan
Published: May 2014

Education secretary, Alan Johnson's plans for opening schools on weekends to help gifted or slow children has been met with a cool reception from unions
Number bonds
Authors: March Ally
Published: May 2014

Addtion and subtraction
Send a cow
Authors: Dunhill Kirstine
Published: May 2014

Send a cow A Mexican assembly A phunky nutrition idea
Now this really is the Nanny State
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

Liz Rhodes discusses how childminders will cope if the foundation stage curriculum from birth to five is enforced
Emeka's Gift
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

This delightful non-fiction book both entertains and informs children about African village life. Liz Rhodes discusses how it can be used as an interesting text to support non-fiction work in year 2
Learning place value
Authors: Cowan Georgie
Published: May 2014

Georgie Cowan's activities are for year 1 children
How welcome are their home, sweet homes?
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

Liz Rhodes discusses lessons we can learn from the unfortunate children in Romanian orphanages
Noise action week
Authors: Hammond Paula
Published: May 2014

This assembly is meant to raise awareness about how anti-social noise affects others. The themes are: respecting others, our community and anti-social behaviour
If you go down to the woods today …
Authors: Cosh Jackie
Published: May 2014

Jackie Cosh introduces Forest schools, a Scandinavian initiative, where children learn, explore and investigate in an outdoor classroom
A change of pace
Authors: Gadd Deborah
Published: May 2014

This year, 32 UK teachers and seven headteachers participated in the Fulbright UK/US teacher exchange. Similar numbers are now preparing for theirs in the autumn
The money matter
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2014

Advertising is aimed at younger and younger children. The days of the infant consumer are here. Money is as vital as maths – shouldn't it be on the curriculum?
Making free power
Authors: Hammond Paula
Published: May 2014

Paula Hammond's activities focus on teaching year 2 children about materials and Ally March's lesson gets children planting seeds
French Playground games
Authors: Carme Emmanuelle
Published: May 2014

This month's activities concentrate on how using a real context can not only support language learning but also give a better understanding of everyday life in other countries
Teaching and Tinnitus
Authors: Hunter Gillian
Published: May 2014

Tinnitus is a real risk for teachers according to research from Denmark. Could you be putting yourself and the children you teach at risk?
Three warnings and: ‘I hit and I’m proud'
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

Liz Rhodes talks about the educational implications of this style of ‘firm parenting’
A reading revolution
Authors: Bell James
Published: May 2014

James Bell spends most of his time helping school staff to create a vibrant reading culture. The trick, he says, is to create a deep, daily reading habit
Friendship month
Authors: Hammond Paula
Published: May 2014

Paula Hammond discusses the importance of friendship in this topical assembly
Advisor's view: Order and place value
Authors: Taylor John
Published: May 2014

The critical concepts for teaching place holder value in maths are discussed by John Taylor, author of Jumpstart Numeracy
Ancient Egypt
Authors: Whiteford Rhona
Published: May 2014

Rhona Whiteford's lesson takes children on a journey to discover Tutankhamun and how he and his people lived
Baking beautiful bread!
Authors: Hammond Paula
Published: May 2014

Paula Hammond's lesson on changing states takes children into the kitchen making breads from around the world
The road less travelled: Creating a curriculum
Authors: March Ally
Published: May 2014

Teachers in a south London borough have developed a new syllabus that flows from the foundation stage to year 6 – it is now available for all. Ally March reports
A breath of fresh air
Authors: Youngman Angela
Published: May 2014

Angela Youngman describes how outdoor play areas have changed over the years and how important it is for children to get a chance to play out
Designing a garden
Authors: Youngman Angela
Published: May 2014

Creating a garden can be a frightening prospect. How much will it cost? What plants and seeds should be used? How much should the children do? Angela Youngman discusses
Dealing with quarrels
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2014

Quarrels between children are inevitable. What's the best way to handle them in the classroom?
The confidence trick
Authors: Mill Patsy
Published: May 2014

Self-belief is half the battle when it comes to new skills. Why are some social groups so much more effective at giving that gift to the young than others?
Teachers as governors
Authors: Dunn Carrie
Published: May 2014

Have you ever wondered what is involved in being a school governor? Carrie Dunn explains and talks about the advantages
Croeso Cymru
Authors: Cosh Jackie
Published: May 2014

Why do parents choose Gaelic or Welsh medium education, particularly if they can't speak the language themselves? Jackie Cosh discusses
Feeling the winter blues
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2014

Stephanie Thornton asks: do the very young suffer from seasonal affective disorder? What can we do about it, if so?
Good teacher talk
Authors: Cullen Kairen
Published: May 2014

The quality of communication in your classroom is pivotal to everything that happens there. The following article offers some suggestions for helping teachers to communicate well and in doing so to help their children to learn to do the same
Choosing your path
Authors: Bartley Keith , Elkin Susan
Published: May 2014

Here, Keith Bartley and Susan Elkin talk about how you can successfully manage your own professional development
… Of a new deputy head
Authors: Scott Jane
Published: May 2014

Jane Scott has worked in the same school for 18 years, what follows is the part one of her first day the first time in charge
Lights, camera, action!
Authors: Youngman Angela
Published: May 2014

′Make a fim?!′ The mere suggestion is usually met with shock and horror but Angela Youngman explains how this can be done with key stage 1 successfully
To Bard or not to Bard
Authors: Dunn Carrie
Published: May 2014

Can you imagine teaching your children about Shakespeare? A new initiative at the Globe Theatre does just that with key stage 1
Portraits: Picture yourself
Authors: Moorcroft Christine
Published: May 2014

Explore paintings of children and self-portraits. Take photographs and draw with pencils, pencil crayons and felt-tipped pens.
Agatha Christie
Authors: Cruickshank Sarah
Published: May 2014

Pattern and rhyme: Literacy. Homes and toys: History
Phobias: Face your fears!
Authors: Louis Sara
Published: May 2014

How many of the children in your class suffer from a serious level of anxiety over something? The chances are-more than you think
Where's my Teddy?
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

Show the class the front and back covers. Do they know any other books by Jez Alborough (possibly Duck in the Truck)? Looking at the front cover, what do the children think is happening? The back cover contains the blurb, in this case a quick summary of the story's subject-matter, two recommendations and suggestions of other books about bears.
Every child's right
Authors: Cullen Kairen
Published: May 2014

Play is important for development and is so natural. Adults must make sure the quality of play is as good, safe and that the right amount and type of activities are available
Faiths and festivals
Authors: Youngman Angela
Published: May 2014

There are so many different religious faiths and festivals. How do you include them all? And what should you celebrate?
What is thanksgiving?
Authors: Cruickshank Sarah
Published: May 2014

The Puritans were a group of religious people who believed that The Bible should be followed carefully and that there was a lot of fine-living and immoral behaviour in England. They weren′t a small group and many of them were in powerful positions in the country and Parliament. Their greatest success in England came when their army won The English Civil War and Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of England and King Charles I was beheaded in 1649, but their successes were short-lived, and so many of them joined their fellow-believers in the American colonies they′d already established.
Feeling aggressive
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2014

There is no doubt that children do not react in a uniform way to situations. Stephanie Thornton asks: Are some children born aggressive?
The super-teacher
Authors: Mill Patsy
Published: May 2014

Viewed in its broad context, the notion of the �super-teacher� is the tip of a destructive iceberg, says Patsy Mills
Defying Nature?
Authors: Louis Sara
Published: May 2014

Do we understand the educational implications of new discoveries about the role of genetics in development? Sara Louis discusses
Building self-esteem
Authors: Jackson Colin
Published: May 2014

Colin Jackson explains how using puppets in the classroom can help improve children's self-confidence
Pitching the story
Authors: Hills Rachel
Published: May 2014

Rachel Hills explains how to use the much loved story of Jack and the Beanstalk in music lessons for year 2 children
Welsh schools getting worse
Authors: Hindmarch Sonali
Published: May 2014

An education watchdog has found the gap between the worst and best schools in Wales has grown.
At what point are they too young?
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

Liz Rhodes discusses the facts behind the ongoing debate on school starting age
Refusing to go to school
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2014

How should you react when a child in your class doesn′t want to come to school? Stephanie Thornton discusses
A reliable eye witness?
Authors: Mill Patsy
Published: May 2014

Are young children capable of reporting events back accurately? Patsy Mill discusses what this means in the classroom
Recycling, re-using and reducing
Authors: Hammond Paula
Published: May 2014

As April 22 is Earth Day, Paula Hammond's activities offer the chance to introduce children to the concept of materials and their properties
Money matters
Authors: Cowan Georgie
Published: May 2014

Georgie Cowan explains how to teach this subject to year 1 children and suggests a lesson plan to introduce the topic
All about Ian Fleming
Authors: Cruickshank Sarah
Published: May 2014

Sarah Cruickshank's lesson allows children to explore journalism and travel writing while learning about the author of James Bond and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang
Fun with May Day!
Authors: Youngman Angela
Published: May 2014

Why not make May Day memorable this year? This traditional festival offers lots of creative teaching opportunities covering art, literacy, crafts, music and dance
The end of the long summer break?
Authors: Hindmarch Sonali
Published: May 2014

A report has announced that long school holidays in England should be cut to prevent children from falling behind in class. This is because children�s reading and maths abilities regress over the holidays, according to the Institute for Public Policy Research.
So what happens next?
Authors: Elkin Susan
Published: May 2014

Susan Elkin advises those about to embark on their NQT year what to expect
Get yourself organised!
Authors: Elkins Susan
Published: May 2014

Susan Elkin suggests some tips on how to get the most out of your day and how to effectively plan lessons
The way to sound off
Authors: Glover Jane
Published: May 2014

Music allows all children of all abilities to participate. Jane Glover explains how musical composition can illustrate a story
Failing schools
Authors: Hindmarch Sonali
Published: May 2014

Why do some schools fail? Those that have are under threat with closure if they do not improve. But before things can get better, it is necessary to understand why they perform poorly in the first place.
Engaging all their senses
Authors: Fidler Wendy
Published: May 2014

Wendy Fidler describes how using Montessori methods can help some children with special educational needs
Recycle, recycle
Authors: Youngman Angela
Published: May 2014

Everyone is asked to recycle to reduce the amounts of rubbish going into landfill sites and thus improve the environment. Schools are no exception, says Angela Youngman
Tangrams and patterns: Maths through art
Authors: Davis John
Published: May 2014

People from many cultures and backgrounds use mathematical patterns and designs for a variety of reasons. They may be incorporated in games and pastimes, used to decorate buildings or play significant roles in religious ceremonies and festivals
News
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: May 2014

The way that mothers talk to their children when they are young can have a lasting effect on children′s social skills, according to new research study.
Talking about sex
Authors: Mill Patsy
Published: May 2014

Patsy Mill discusses the government′s conclusion that primary school children in England should be given basic sex education lessons
Making a book
Authors: Whiteford Rhona
Published: May 2014

Telling stories has been part of our culture for centuries and although many of those we enjoy are now presented on the media the best, most gripping can be those we experience face to face when we can hear the story teller take a breath or see the twinkle in their eye.
Maths Year 1 and Year 2
Authors: Davis John
Published: May 2014

This is the second in a series of articles that help children to apply their mathematical skills in contexts that are familiar and interesting to them.
Maths and holidays
Authors: Davis John
Published: May 2014

This is the third in a series of thematic numeracy articles that aims to bring to life the uses and importance of mathematics all around us. Following a look at activities related to food and the natural world, the emphasis now switches to holidays where ′taking a break′ in their imaginations can later help children prepare for the organisation and enjoyment of the real thing.
We're going to the farm!
Authors: Jones Elizabeth
Published: May 2014

Taking children on a trip to the farm can be an exciting adventure. There is so much to see and learn down at the farm, for both children and adults alike.
The academies question
Authors: Rhodes Liz
Published: May 2014

Liz Rhodes raises some doubts as to the practicality and wisdom of the Academies Bill.
Train to gain CPD schemes
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: May 2014

In the light of the Government's recent financial boost to CPD for science teachers, Dorothy Lepkowska examines what this will mean for state schools. She also takes a look at private training providers and the costs involved.
Rewarding excellenceNCPTA awards
Authors: Butler David
Published: May 2014

David Butler, chief executive of the National Confederation of Parent Teacher Associations (NCPTA), discusses some of the awards and reward schemes open to PTAs and provides some case studies of past winners.
Under the hammer; Hippo, hippo hurray!
Authors: Youngman Angela
Published: May 2014

Angela Youngman explains how one school in Norfolk organised a fundraising auction that got the whole town involved.
On the agenda: Cash carryovers
Authors: Griggs Amy
Published: May 2014

The school budget roll-over is back in the spotlight this month as annual figures reveal that for the 2007-2008 school year, schools in England held surpluses of £2 billion.
Where to go? Part 1
Authors: Baker Shari
Published: May 2014

In this first of a two part series outlining support for capital projects, Shari Baker discusses the approaches taken by three different schools while tackling large scale build projects.
Going, going, gone! A bid of fun, part 1
Authors: Youngman Angela
Published: May 2014

Angela Youngman suggests some simple ways your school auction can turn a profit.
Using resources wisely:The governor as power broker
Authors: Maiden Andrew
Published: May 2014

Andrew Maiden considers how governors can take on the responsibility of fundraising within a school.
International community Raising money for charity
Authors: David Anthony
Published: May 2014

Raising money for other causes can have numerous benefits for your school, writes Anthony David.
Thinking outside the box Professional development
Authors: David Anthony
Published: May 2014

Fundraising has never been more necessary than in the current economic climate, writes Anthony David. With the reduction of Professional Development Centres nationwide, smaller courses on Fundraising are falling by the wayside. This article gives you advice on rasing funds for your school, from the basics, to the best resources…
RCN Congress 2006
Authors: Whitehead Christine
Published: May 2014

The financial crisis of the NHS and availability and security of jobs for nurses was a major theme of congress 2006. Ms Hewitt′s hostile reception was the worst reaction seen from nurses in recent years and the media also jumped on the band wagon. Worryingly though, not only did Ms Hewitt state earlier in the week that this has been ‵the best year for the NHS′, but she had no initiatives to offer that might help with the day to day difficulties described by nurses.
Laser therapy for palliation of colorectal tumours
Authors: Sherwood Linda
Published: May 2014

Not all patients with colorectal cancer are suitable candidates for surgical resection. Patients with inoperable disease or those unfit for surgery will often require symptomatic relief from colorectal cancer. Laser therapy has become a valuable treatment option in the palliation of symptoms such as bleeding, obstruction, mucous discharge and tenesmus (Gevers et al, 2000; Sander, 2000). Effective laser therapy should ideally treat distressing symptoms with a minimum number of treatments and should also result in an improvement in patient quality of life. This article reviews the literature supporting this treatment.
Irritable bowel syndrome: a common condition commonly misunderstood
Authors: Nunn Penny
Published: May 2014

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the name given to a collection of otherwise unexplained symptoms relating to a disturbance of the large bowel (Box 1). When X–rays, blood tests, examination of the stool, endoscopy and other diagnostic tests are carried out, the results do not reveal any obvious abnormality. For that reason, IBS is often called ‵a functional disorder′ of the bowel, i.e. an illness associated with a disturbance of bowel function without any change in structure or obvious cause.
The application of GTN in managing stomal ischemia
Authors: Johnson Antoinette , Porrett Terri
Published: May 2014

This article discusses stomal ischemia and the causes and predisposing factors that contribute to this rare occurrence. It explores the principle of applying a glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) transdermal patch to an ischemic stoma following surgery to aid perfusion of blood to the stomal mucosa. The article also illustrates a case study in which an ischemic stoma was successfully treated with transdermal GTN.
Hereditary haemochromatosis and diabetes − implications for practice
Authors: Clayton Michelle , Holt Paula
Published: May 2014

There are a number of similarities between hereditary haemochromatosis and the development of diabetes, in that they can first present in middle age and share certain characteristics including fatigue, heart disease, joint pain and impotence. There is literature pertaining to the separate diseases but very little appears to have be written which brings these two conditions together and considers the implications for practice. The aim of this article is to examine the prevalence, genetic disposition and treatment of hereditary haemochromotosis. It then goes on to explore the link between hereditary haemochromatosis and the development of diabetes and outlines the specific aspects of diabetes management.
Salmonella: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management
Authors: Banning Maggi
Published: May 2014

Salmonella is a common pathogen that infects animals and humans and can lead to food poisoning. There are two main Salmonella species that cause food−related infections: Salmonella enteriditis and Salmonella typhimurium. In the majority of cases food poisoning is a self-limiting infection. However, if the bacterium has access to the bloodstream it can lead to enteric fever or septicaemia.
what the journals say
Authors: Williams Julia
Published: May 2014

Although not entirely understood, probiotics and the use of them have been on the increase for the past 15 years, with a particular interest in their use to treat disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. As nurses we can play an important role in educating and advising patients and the public about the potential benefits, but when little is understood about them, this advice might be sketchy. This article provides a review of the origins and background of probiotics and prebiotics.
Pancreatic Cancer UK: Providing a voice for the forgotten cancer
Authors: Ballard Susan
Published: May 2014

In this article in the series profiling charities and organizations pertinent to gastrointestinal nursing, Susan Ballard introduces Pancreatic Cancer UK, a charity concerned with improving survival and quality of life for pancreatic cancer patients and their families
Diagnosis and current management of Crohn's disease
Authors: Hall Alex , Porrett Theresa , Cox Carol
Published: May 2014

Crohn′s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from mouth to anus. Extra-intestinal presentations, although less common, can also occur. Diagnosis may therefore be difficult as the presentation can differ greatly between patients. This can be a stressful time for patients, who may have debilitating symptoms and no diagnosis. There are various treatment options, but they do not offer a cure. This article provides a brief overview of current management strategies for Crohn′s disease.
Principles and contemporary management of anal fistulas
Authors: Hammond TM , Lunniss PJ
Published: May 2014

Anal fistulas are chronic pathological connections between the anal canal and perineal skin. By either persistently discharging or intermittently occluding, causing recurrent abscess formation, they can significantly impact on the lives of those afflicted. Anal fistulas often pass through the anal sphincter complex, responsible for maintaining continence to rectal contents (gas, liquid or solid stool); therefore, treatment is aimed not only at fistula eradication but also at preserving sphincteric function. To date, fistulotomy remains the most effective way of eradicating the pathology, but division of those sphincter muscle fibres enclosed by the tract renders the patient at risk of incontinence. For those in whom fistulotomy is not recommended, alternative strategies exist, including techniques aimed at minimizing sphincter disruption, ′sphincter−conserving′ methods or the placement of a long−term loose draining seton.

This article reviews the literature on all aspects of anal fistulas, and hopefully provides the reader with an insight to their potential complexity, the consequent difficulties in their management and the requirements of postoperative care.
what the journals say
Authors: Williams Julia
Published: May 2014

It can be said that capsule endoscopy has revolutionized the field of endoscopy, particularly when examining the small intestine as it is considered a technically difficult area to examine. The capsule is swallowed by the patient and propelled through the digestive system with the aid of peristalsis. A single capsule can produce more than 50 000 images of the small bowel at any one time. These images will obviously require review and interpretation and this is what forms the basis of this study. The authors aimed to compare the interpretation of capsule endoscopy between an experienced gastroenterologist and a nurse, thus extending the role of the current nurse endoscopist.
New onset diabetes and liver transplantation: the case for screening
Authors: Holt Paula , Clayton Michelle
Published: May 2014

Over recent years, liver transplantation has transformed the lives of many people with liver disease; however, with the need for immunosuppression therapy following transplantation comes the significantly increased risk of the individual developing diabetes. This article aims to identify ′best practice′ in relation to screening pre-transplant patients for diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors to ensure metabolic stability is achieved pre-operatively to avoid potential post−operative complications. Consideration is given to the role of immunosuppressive therapy in the development of diabetes, as well as to the identification of key markers for those who are at increased risk of developing diabetes post transplant. Suggestions for practice are offered relating to the choice of immunosuppressive therapy and the need for post−transplant surveillance for diabetes to help ensure the best possible long−term patient outcomes.
Implementing an enhanced recovery programme in a district general hospital
Authors: Billyard Jo , Boyne Sharon , Watson Jane , Ward Allerton
Published: May 2014

The enhanced recovery programme (ERP) has been running for over a year at Torbay Hospital, a 500−bedded district general hospital in south−west England. There are approximately 200 new cases of colorectal cancer per year, resulting in 150 operations. In addition, 100 cases of benign colorectal disease also require surgical intervention. This article sets out the key evidence that underpins the ERP in colorectal surgery, and describes the process of implementation and the impact this has had on patients, staff and the wider team.
Editorial
Authors: Porrett Theresa
Published: May 2014

This issue of GIN sees us saying goodbye to Christine Norton who has been the Associate Editor of this journal for some considerable period of time. I am sure you will join me in thanking Chris for the way that she has steered the development of this journal and consolidated its position as the leading journal for nurses working in the field of gastroenterology. It is with some trepidation that I take over the role of Associate Editor, and I am under no illusions as to the size of the shoes I am trying now to fill!!!!
What the Journals Say
Authors: Williams Julia
Published: May 2014

Much of the literature suggests that the ′waiting game′ for patients undergoing diagnostic procedures can be an anxious period of time as they wait for investigations and tests, prepare for and undergo them and finally await the resulting outcome. They are unaware of their diagnosis, what possible life changes they might endure and whether they will require further treatment. According to the author this period of time is considered to be the most stressful.
The Enhanced Recovery Programme and laparoscopic surgery: a new era for colorectal cancer management
Authors: Francis Nader K
Published: May 2014

Over the past two decades, there have been two major developments in the surgical management of colorectal cancer; laparoscopic approach for resection and the Enhanced Recovery Programme (ERP). The laparoscopic technique is proven to offer better short−term outcomes in terms of faster recovery, less postoperative pain, analgesia requirement, postoperative complication rate and shorter hospital stay. The ERP has been introduced recently to replace conventional recovery following surgery for bowel cancer with a holistic, multi−modal integrated care pathway. This system has proven to reduce complications and also shorten hospital stay. This article highlights the main components of the ERP, including laparoscopic technique for managing bowel cancer.
Innovations in endoscopy
Authors: Griffiths Helen
Published: May 2014

Welcome to the autumn issue of GIN! I sincerely hope that you all managed to find some sun somewhere to recharge your batteries − I am still scrubbing off the rust! Sadly, this will be my last editorial as I have decided to step down from my role on the editorial advisory board. It has been a great six years and a privilege to have been involved from the launch of the journal and to watch it go from strength to strength. It has reinforced what a wealth of skills and knowledge gastrointestinal nurses have out there, and I would urge you all to continue to share that through this journal. I shall not be slouching, but writing up my doctorate and hopefully still contributing to the journal with some articles.
Re: Gastrointestinal Nursing (2008) vol 6 no 7
Authors: Fretwell Ian A
Published: May 2014

A great, informative edition covering many aspects of endoscopy care, including endoscope decontamination, the National Nurse Endoscopist Project, capsule endoscopy, and patient education and endoscopy.
Dispelling the myths: the Bladder and Bowel Foundation
Authors: Turton Gill
Published: May 2014

In the Middle Ages, if you had a bladder problem, the advice would have been to tie a frog around your waist. If advancements in medical treatments had not been made, today, an estimated 14 million frogs would be needed to deal with this issue in the UK. That's a lot of frogs.
What is Journal say
Authors: Williams Julia
Published: May 2014

This paper represents a study of six individuals who experienced psychological change and recovery following a significant problem in their life. The study aimed to explore and understand how and why psychological change occurs.
Caring for children with IBD
Authors: Lee Margaret
Published: May 2014

Crohn′s disease and ulcerative colitis are two important diseases in a group known collectively as inflammatory bowel disease. With an increasing incidence in children, research is paramount. Margaret Lee introduces us to CICRA, a charity dedicated to creating an understanding of Crohn′s disease and ulcerative colitis in children
what the journals say
Authors: Williams Julia
Published: May 2014

Being potentially fatal, acute pancreatitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies requiring hospital admission. To date, no purposeful method of patient identification with the inclusion of socioeconomic factors has been reported and here, through their study, the authors offer some incite into the relevance of socioeconomic deprivation and acute pancreatitis.
A call for action from stoma care nurses
Authors: Kernahan Sue , Porrett Terri
Published: May 2014

More than 100 stoma care nurses have agreed the need for coordinated action to illustrate the benefits of their services, protect patient pathways and ensure the future of stoma care provision. The nurses, representing a quarter of the total number of clinical nurse specialists in the country, expressed concern about the potential impact of an NHS funding squeeze and the introduction of a new system of payment for Appliance Use Reviews (AURs) under Part IX of the Drug Tariff (Department of Health, 2008).
Patient choice in administering anti-TNF for severe, active Crohn's disease in adults
Authors: Kemp Karen , Campbell Simon
Published: May 2014

The use of tumour necrosis factor antagonists have revolutionized the modern approach to the management of Crohn's disease, and with two proven therapies available in the UK (adalimumab and infliximab), the concept of patient choice is now being considered to assist in determining which therapy to use with each individual patient. While offering patients a choice of treatment therapy is not a new principle, offering choice within this therapy area certainly is. This article will summarize the evidence for the two therapies and outline the issues related to offering evidence-based patient choice in treatment. The evidence related to patient choice using adalimumab and infliximab will be reviewed alongside the implications for practice.
An audit of independent non-medical prescribing in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Greveson Kay
Published: May 2014

Nurse independent prescribing allows nurses and pharmacists to prescribe any licensed medicine for any medical condition that they are competent to treat, meaning they are responsible and accountable for the assessment of patients including decisions about their clinical management. The introduction of non-medical independent prescribing has pushed the traditional boundaries of nursing. An audit was undertaken by Kay Greveson to assess the safety and efficacy of nurse independent prescribing within the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) service at a teaching hospital with a large cohort of IBD patients. The results indicate that prescribing decisions are guided by evidence-based research, although variations in prescribing practice have been highlighted and addressed. With significant implications for practice, further research needs to be undertaken.
Recognizing our role
Authors: Perston Yvette
Published: May 2014

Greetings from sunny Cardiff, although I suspect the weather not to last as there are bank holidays coming. Life for a gastrointestinal nurse is busier than ever. Colorectal cancer screening was finally launched nationwide in Wales last October, fan-fared by excellent TV and radio adverts to encourage participation.
Being positive about your role
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: May 2014

I would like to introduce myself as your new regular columnist for Gastrointestinal Nursing. I am a senior lecturer in adult nursing at De Montfort University, Leicester. Before I joined the university to teach nursing, I was based full time in clinical practice for many years.
Identifying patients at risk of malnutrition: Nutrition screening and assessment
Authors: Fletcher Jane
Published: May 2014

This clinical skills series is designed for the nursing professional as a basic overview on key clinical skills necessary for patient care, clearly presenting common clinical procedures and their rationale, together with the essential background theory. In this fifth article in the series, Jane Fletcher explores ways in which nurses can assess their patients and identify those at risk of malnutrition. This is done by using a nursing nutrition assessment as part of the overall holistic nursing assessment, anthropometric measurements such as body mass index and mid upper arm circumference, and a nutrition screening tool such as the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool.
Informing a patient education programme for GORD: A literature review
Authors: Dibley Lesley , Norton Christine , Jones Roger
Published: May 2014

Background: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common cause of morbidity, affecting 10-20% of adults. The most effective medical treatment is recognized to be with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), yet a significant proportion of patients experience symptoms despite PPI use. Patients with other chronic symptoms/conditions that affect quality of life have been found to benefit from self-management education programmes, and this approach may benefit patients with GORD; however, at present, no such programme exists. Aim: To review the evidence from existing chronic disease management programmes to determine how these might inform a similar programme for patients with GORD. Results:Patient education programmes are used in a range of chronic illnesses to enable patients to gain personal control and self-efficacy. While there may not always be a statistically significant improvement in symptoms, studies indicate that patients manage their symptoms more effectively leading to a better quality of life, with an enhanced sense of wellbeing and a reduction in healthcare costs. It is proposed that self-management may potentially have an impact for patients with GORD.
The diagnosis and treatment of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Fullwood Danielle
Published: May 2014

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic, progressive, cholestatic disease of the entire biliary tree. It is not known what the cause of this disease is, but hypotheses include immune and genetic factors. The disease is characterized by the slow and progressive destruction of the intra- and extra-hepatic biliary tree, leading to fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. Disease symptoms are varied and include fatigue, pruritis, jaundice and right upper quadrant pain. As the disease progresses, signs of end-stage liver disease (such as varices and encephalopathy) can be seen. Diagnosis requires visualization of the biliary tree via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment options are limited, with no pharmacological agents being found to slow disease progression. Many patients will progress to end-stage liver disease, thus requiring transplantation. This article provides an overview of the hypothesized causes of this disease, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and current treatment options.
Challenges of modern leadership
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: May 2014

Penny Harrison, senior lecturer in adult nursing, De Montfort University, Leicester, examines some of the pertinent professional issues in the challenging environment of gastrointestinal nursing.
what the journals say
Authors: Williams Julia
Published: May 2014

Gastrointestinal cancers have increased in prevalence in Japan over the past 20 years. Lung cancer is noted as having the highest prevalence among the Japanese population, closely followed by gastrointestinal cancers.
The future of the Endoscopy Global Rating Scale
Authors: Johnston Debbie
Published: May 2014

Since 2005, endoscopy units in England have been self-assessing the quality of patient care using the Endoscopy Global Rating Scale (GRS). The GRS provides a framework for service improvement as well as being an assessment tool. A peer-review accreditation process of all 216 units, based on the GRS, began roll out in 2006. This article describes the GRS′s history, results achieved, its impact on the service as well as challenges and plans for the future. It demonstrates the positive impact it has had on the endoscopy peer-review accreditation process. The article shows that the GRS has lead to a substantial improvement in the quality of care of patients having an endoscopy in England during a period of reduction in waiting times. It is clear that the GRS has a future in endoscopy services, but there are challenges if the achievements are to be sustained.
Managing change in health care
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: May 2014

Managing change is the process of becoming different. It is an ever-present and routine part of organizational life, especially in public sector services (Walshe and Smith, 2007). ′New′ public sector policies, announced by Government, are planned over the next 12 months. Critics, including nurses, suggest these are old policies repackaged.
A practical solution to pouch disposal: FreeStyle Vie® Flushable for the colostomate
Authors: Varma Sarah , Williams Julia
Published: May 2014

Every year, people undergo bowel surgery that results in the formation of a stoma. The advent of new and innovative surgical techniques has meant that the majority of stomas are temporary rather than permanent. Many ostomates find it difficult to adjust and adapt to the trauma of bowel surgery and the management of a stoma appliance. The anxieties felt by patients include alterations in their body image, function and control of their stomas as well as restrictions to their lifestyles (Borwell, 1997). As a result, ostomates, and in particular colostomates, may wish to explore other approaches in managing their stomas. This article evaluates the FreeStyle Vie® Flushable, a new toilet-flushable pouch that is part of the FreeStyle Vie®range.
Investing in bowel cancer prevention
Authors: Alsina Deborah
Published: May 2014

Deborah Alsina, Chief Executive of Bowel Cancer UK, argues that further research and investment is needed to ensure that understanding and awareness of bowel cancer continues to improve, alongside an effective screening programme
Understanding mesenteric panniculitis: A rare cause of abdominal pain
Authors: Boyer Anne
Published: May 2014

Mesenteric panniculitis is a rare, non-specific inflammatory process involving the adipose tissue of the mesentery. This condition is benign and self-limiting and is rarely seen by nurses. Mesenteric panniculitis may be manifested by chronic abdominal pain, gut obstructive symptoms, nausea, vomiting, fever and malaise. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans can be useful in distinguishing the several conditions that can mimic mesenteric panniculitis. Anne Boyer provides an overview of the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of mesenteric panniculitis, including a patient case history, to raise awareness of this rarely seen condition among GI nurses.