bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new systematic synthesis of ultimate nickel nanocatalysts for compact hydrogen generation
Authors: Lee Hack-Keun , Kang Shin Wook , Yang Jung-Il , Chun Dong Hyun , Lee Jin Hee , Oh Dawon , Ban Jungmin , Jung Taesung , Jung Heon , Park Ji Chan
Published: June 2020

A new systematic synthesis: an AIO reactor can materialize ultimate Ni nanocatalysts containing active Ni nanoparticles (4.5 nm) with high Ni loading (25 wt%), using a programmed sequence based on simple melt-infiltration and thermal treatment.
A pseudo-metal-free strategy for constructing high performance photoelectrodes
Authors: Xiong Wei , Wang Haipeng , Wang Zhenyu , Huang Fei , Dudka Tatiana , Lu Zhouguang , Zhao Yanling , Zhang Rui-Qin
Published: June 2020

By in situ growth of g-CN film on FTO glass with sulfur-rich poly thiourea formaldehyde resin as precursor, a pseudo-metal-free strategy for constructing photoelectrode with high PEC performance based on g-CN/SnS2 composite film is proposed.
Air-permeable, multifunctional, dual-energy-driven MXene-decorated polymeric textile-based wearable heaters with exceptional electrothermal and photothermal conversion performance
Authors: Liu Xiaoya , Jin Xiuxiu , Li Lei , Wang Jianfeng , Yang Yanyu , Cao Yanxia , Wang Wanjie
Published: June 2020

Air-permeable, antibacterial, fireproof, electromagnetic shielding polymeric textile-based wearable heaters with exceptional electrothermal and photothermal conversion performance were developed for future health management and protection.
Electrocatalytic activity compensation mechanism upon long-term operation of solid oxide fuel cells; LSCM cathode/SDC interlayer/YSZ electrolyte system
Authors: Matsui Toshiaki , Yoshida Norifumi , Muroyama Hiroki , Eguchi Koichi
Published: June 2020

Electrocatalytic activity compensation mechanism upon long-term operation of solid oxide fuel cells.
Bimolecular crystal instability and morphology of bulk heterojunction blends in organic and perovskite solar cells
Authors: Song Jingnan , Hu Qin , Zhang Ming , Zhang Quanzeng , Zhu Lei , Ali Jazib , Wang Cheng , Feng Wei , Russell Thomas , Liu Feng
Published: June 2020

The in situ crystallization study reveals that size compatibility plays a key role in governing the formation of bimolecular crystals.
Small molecule additive for low-power accumulation mode organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Nightingale James , Pitsalidis Charalampos , Pappa Anna-Maria , Tan Ellasia , Stewart Katherine , Owens Róisín M. , Kim Ji-Seon
Published: June 2020

A small molecule additive, dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBSA), is added to the electrolyte in OECTs to improve the device performance.
Carbon-based HTL-free modular perovskite solar cells with improved contact at perovskite/carbon interfaces
Authors: Chen Ransheng , Feng Yulin , Zhang Chunyang , Wang Minhuan , Jing Liu , Ma Congcong , Bian Jiming , Shi Yantao
Published: June 2020

C-based HTL-free PSCs were fabricated where the perovskite layers were deposited using a modified anti-solvent dripping method. Due to the improved interface quality, the relative high performance PSCs were achieved.
Inhibition of ROCK2 alleviates renal fibrosis and the metabolic disorders in the proximal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: You Ran , Zhou Wei , Li Yanwei , Zhang Yue , Huang Songming , Jia Zhanjun , Zhang Aihua
Published: June 2020

Non-specific inhibition of Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) alleviated renal fibrosis in the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model, while genetic deletion of ROCK1 did not affect renal pathology in mice. Thus, whether ROCK2 plays a role in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis needs to be clarified. In the present study, a selective inhibitor against ROCK2 or genetic approach was used to investigate the role of ROCK2 in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In the fibrotic kidneys of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) patients, we observed an enhanced expression of ROCK2 with a positive correlation with interstitial fibrosis. In mice, the ROCK2 protein level was time-dependently increased in the UUO model. By treating CKD animals with KD025 at the dosage of 50 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal injection, the renal fibrosis shown by Masson’s trichrome staining was significantly alleviated along with the reduced expression of fibrotic genes. In vitro, inhibiting ROCK2 by KD025 or ROCK2 knockdown/knockout significantly blunted the pro-fibrotic response in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated mouse renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (mPTCs). Moreover, impaired cellular metabolism was reported as a crucial pathogenic factor in CKD. By metabolomics analysis, we found that KD025 restored the metabolic disturbance, including the impaired glutathione metabolism in TGF-β1-stimulated tubular epithelial cells. Consistently, KD025 increased antioxidative stress enzymes and nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in fibrotic models. In addition, KD025 decreased the infiltration of macrophages and inflammatory response in fibrotic kidneys and blunted the activation of macrophages in vitro. In conclusion, inhibition of ROCK2 may serve as a potential novel therapy for renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in CKD.
Primärer Hyperaldosteronismus – warum diagnostizieren wir immer noch so wenige Patienten?
Authors: Handgriff Laura , Reincke Martin
Published: June 2020

Was ist neu?

Definition, Klassifizierung und Prävalenz Der primäre Hyperaldosteronismus (PA) ist die häufigste chirurgisch therapierbare Form der sekundären Hypertonie. Hauptursachen des PA sind ein 1-seitiges Aldosteron-produzierendes Nebennierenadenom oder eine bilaterale idiopathische Nebennierenrindenhyperplasie (Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia, BAH). In den letzten Jahren ist das Phänomen der autonomen Kortisol-Co-Sekretion (ACS) im Rahmen des Conn-Syndroms in den Fokus gerückt. Während der Mineralokortikoidexzess für die Hypertonie verantwortlich ist, scheint die ACS vor allem zu metabolischen Komorbiditäten wie erhöhtem BMI, gestörter Glukosetoleranz und Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 zu führen. Das sogenannte „Connshing“-Syndrom (zusammengezogen von Conn- und Cushing-Syndrom) wird als neuer metabolischer Subtyp angesehen.

Diagnose Folgende Hypertoniegruppen sollen unter anderem gescreent werden (etwa 50 % aller Hypertoniker): Patienten mit therapierefraktärer Hypertonie, mit arterieller Hypertonie und Hypokaliämien, mit arterieller Hypertonie und obstruktivem Schlafapnoe-Syndrom (OSAS), mit arterieller Hypertonie und adrenalem Nebennierenzufallstumor, mit Hypertonie und Blutdruck > 150/90 mmHg sowie jüngere Patienten mit Hypertonie. Das Screening erfolgt mittels des Aldosteron-Renin-Quotienten. Der nächste Schritt ist häufig die Bestätigung der Diagnose PA mittels Kochsalzbelastungs- und/oder Captopril-Test. Neu ist, dass bei sehr ausgeprägtem biochemischem Phänotyp, z. B. bei Patienten mit spontaner Hypokaliämie sowie maximal supprimierten Renin- und Aldosteron-Werten > 550 pmol/l, ohne weiteren Bestätigungstest direkt eine Subtypdifferenzierung erfolgen kann. Die Subtypdifferenzierung erfolgt mittels CT-Bildgebung der Nebennieren und (als Goldstandard) Nebennierenvenenkatheterisierung. Bei technisch nicht erfolgreichen Katheterisierungen werden nuklearmedizinische Verfahren (z. B. CXCR4-PET/CT) in Einzelfällen eingesetzt.

Therapie Bei gesichertem unilateralem PA ist eine Adrenalektomie indiziert. Entsprechend der Primary-Aldosteronism-Surgical-Outcome-Study-Kriterien profitieren Frauen, jüngere Patienten (< 50 Jahre), Patienten mit geringerer Laufzeit der Hypertonie (< 5 Jahre) und Patienten mit geringerer Anzahl (< 2) von Antihypertensiva am meisten von einer Adrenalektomie. Im Fall einer BAH sollte eine Therapie mittels Spironolacton (initial 25–50 mg/d) eingeleitet werden, mit entsprechender Steigerungsoption zum Anheben des Renin als Ziel.
Therapiestrategien der Psoriasisarthritis
Authors: Köhm Michaela , Burkhardt Harald , Behrens Frank
Published: June 2020

Was ist neu?

Bestehende Therapieempfehlungen und deren Limitationen In den letzten Jahren haben sich die Basistherapieoptionen für die Behandlung der Psoriasisarthritis deutlich erweitert. Das Sicherheitsprofil der verfügbaren Therapien ist gut untersucht und für die verschiedenen Präparate bekannt. Verschiedene Empfehlungen zur Auswahl und Steuerung der geeigneten Therapie stehen dem Behandler zur Verfügung. Hierbei finden die Empfehlungen der European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) und der Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) national und international in der Routine Anwendung.

Zugelassene Therapieoptionen zur Behandlung der Psoriasisarthritis csDMARD-Therapien haben im Vergleich zur RA in der PsA-Behandlung eine schlechte Evidenzlage. Für neue Substanzen in den Kategorien tsDMARD und bDMARD liegen höhere Evidenzniveaus vor. Da neue Therapien unterschiedliche Zielstrukturen adressieren, bieten sich zunehmend Chancen der personalisierten und individualisierten Therapieentscheidung. Gerade neue pathophysiologische Erkenntnisse zum Erkrankungsbild und die daraus resultierenden Therapieoptionen, die gezielt spezifische Targets adressieren, bieten Möglichkeiten einer immer differenzierteren und individualisierten medikamentösen Behandlung zur Verbesserung der Versorgung der PsA-Patienten, vor allem mit Fokus auf personalisierte Strategien zur optimalen Behandlung verschiedener Manifestationsformen und -muster.

Randomisierte kontrollierte Studien und deren Relevanz für den Versorgungsalltag Studienendpunkte randomisierter kontrollierter Studien, deren Studiendesign oft aus der rheumatoiden Arthritis entliehen ist, dienen auch aufgrund der großen Heterogenität der Erkrankung kaum als Basis für individuelle Therapieentscheidungen. Ein mehrschrittiges Vorgehen bei der Auswahl eines individualisierten Behandlungsregimes ist wichtig unter Berücksichtigung der klinischen Manifestation, potenzieller Begleiterkrankungen, von Langzeitsicherheitsaspekten, Kontraindikationen, Applikationsformen und nicht zuletzt des Patientenwunschs.
Vom Trampelpfad zum offiziellen Gehweg: Das neue Therapiekonzept bei leichtem Asthma
Authors: Lommatzsch Marek
Published: June 2020

Was ist neu?

Inhalative Therapie bei leichtem Asthma Bislang wurden Patienten mit leichtem Asthma mit einer reinen Beta-Mimetika-Bedarfstherapie (z. B. Salbutamol als Dosieraerosol bei Bedarf) versorgt, ab Stufe 2 (Beschwerden mindestens 2-mal pro Woche) wurde eine niedrigdosierte Dauer-Monotherapie mit einem inhalativen Steroid (ICS) empfohlen. Fixkombinationen aus ICS und Formoterol sind in Europa bisher nur zur Langzeittherapie zugelassen und wurden bislang erst ab Stufe 3 empfohlen.

Paradigmenwechsel in der neuen internationalen Leitlinie 2019 Die neue internationale Asthma-Leitlinie der GINA empfiehlt eine reine ICS-Formoterol-Bedarfstherapie, sowohl in Stufe 1 (dort als bevorzugte Option) als auch in Stufe 2 (dort als gleichwertige Option). Eine Zulassung hierfür liegt zwar in Europa noch nicht vor, das Therapieprinzip wird sich aber aufgrund der Sicherheit, der Wirksamkeit und der Praktikabilität in Europa in den nächsten Jahren durchsetzen.
Transcranial Sonography Findings in Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Imaging Biomarker
Authors: Yilmaz Rezzak , Granert Oliver , Schäffer Eva , Jensen-Kondering Ulf , Schulze Sarah , Bartsch Thorsten , Berg Daniela
Published: June 2020

Objective To validate transcranial sonography (TCS) as a novel imaging tool for the assessment of medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy (MTA).

Materials and Methods Participants with Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n = 30) and age-sex-matched controls (n = 30) underwent TCS and MRI. On TCS, MTL structures (choroidal fissure (CF) and temporal horn (TH)) were measured and combined to create an MTA score in sonography (MTA-S). Furthermore, both THs and the third ventricle were combined to form the ventricle enlargement score in sonography (VES-S). On MRI, the MTL was evaluated by linear measurements, MTA scale and hippocampal volumetry. Validation was performed by comparing imaging methods and the patient group.

Results Intraclass correlations for CF and TH showed substantial intra/inter-rater reliability (> 0.80). TCS and MRI showed strong to moderate correlation regarding TH (right = 0.88, left = 0.89) and CF (right = 0.70, left = 0.47). MTA-S correlated significantly with the hippocampal volume (right = –0.51, left = –0.47), predicted group membership in logistic regression (Exp(B) right = 3.0, left = 2.7), and could separate AD patients from controls (AUC = 0.93). An MTA-S of 6 mm and 10 mm discriminated MRI MTA scores 0–1 (from 2–4) and MTA score 4 (from 0–3) with 100 % specificity, respectively. VES-S also showed a moderate correlation with the hippocampal volume (r = –0.66) and could differentiate AD patients from controls (AUC = 0.93).

Conclusion Our results suggest that TCS may be an alternative imaging tool for the assessment of MTL atrophy and ventricular enlargement for patients in whom MRI scanning is not possible. Additionally, TCS offers a practical, patient-friendly and inexpensive option for the screening and follow-up of individuals with AD.
Leadership and Ethics: Virtue Ethics as a Model for Leadership Development
Authors: Gentry Lonnie , Fleshman James W.
Published: June 2020

Leaders are held to the highest of standards in both performance and ethics. The same is true for leaders in medicine. Thus, medical leaders must give attention to ethical development as well as performance development. Virtue ethics provide a way for the leader to develop ethically. Virtue ethics is the oldest form of ethics. Although other ethical approaches focus on external considerations, virtue ethics focuses on the inward development of character. Following the examples of virtuous people and developing habits of virtue are critical with this approach. The cardinal virtues of prudence, courage, temperance, and justice are considered the most important. Specific virtue lists have also been developed for medical practitioners. All of these virtues can contribute to the enhancement of leadership skills. The virtue approach is especially helpful for leaders because it motivates one to excel in whatever endeavor pursued, whether medicine, leadership, relationships, or life.
Glycoprotein VI is not a Functional Platelet Receptor for Fibrin Formed in Plasma or Blood
Authors: Zhang Danmei , Ebrahim Mariam , Adler Kristin , Blanchet Xavier , Jamasbi Janina , Megens Remco T. A. , Uhland Kerstin , Ungerer Martin , Münch Götz , Deckmyn Hans , Weber Christian , Elia Natalie , Lorenz Reinhard , Siess Wolfgang
Published: June 2020

Glycoprotein VI (GPVI), a platelet collagen receptor, is crucial in mediating atherothrombosis. Besides collagen, injured plaques expose tissue factor (TF) that triggers fibrin formation. Previous studies reported that GPVI also is a platelet receptor for fibrinogen and fibrin. We studied the effect of anti-GPVI antibodies and inhibitors of GPVI signaling kinases (Syk and Btk) on platelet adhesion and aggregate formation onto immobilized fibrinogen and different types of fibrin under arterial flow conditions. Fibrin was prepared from isolated fibrinogen (“pure fibrin”), recombinant fibrinogen (“recombinant fibrin”), or generated more physiologically from endogenous fibrinogen in plasma (“plasma fibrin”) or by exposing TF-coated surfaces to flowing blood (“blood fibrin”). Inhibition of GPVI and Syk did not inhibit platelet adhesion and aggregate formation onto fibrinogen. In contrast anti-GPVI antibodies, inhibitors of Syk and Btk and the anti-GPIb antibody 6B4 inhibited platelet aggregate formation onto pure and recombinant fibrin. However, inhibition of GPVI and GPVI signaling did not significantly reduce platelet coverage of plasma fibrin and blood fibrin. Plasma fibrin contained many proteins incorporated during clot formation. Advanced optical imaging revealed plasma fibrin as a spongiform cushion with thicker, knotty, and long fibers and little activation of adhering platelets. Albumin intercalated in plasma fibrin fibers left only little space for platelet attachment. Pure fibrin was different showing a dense mesh of thin fibers with strongly activated platelets. We conclude that fibrin formed in plasma and blood contains plasma proteins shielding GPVI-activating epitopes. Our findings do not support a role of GPVI for platelet activation by physiologic fibrin.
Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Special Populations with Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Bavalia Roisin , Middeldorp Saskia , Weisser Gerhard , Espinola-Klein Christine
Published: June 2020

As a result of the successful completion of their respective phase III studies compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), four direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been approved for the treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). These DOACs—apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban—have subsequently seen a steady uptake among clinicians since their approval. Despite the suitability of DOACs for a broad range of patients, they are not appropriate in certain situations, whereas in others they require additional considerations such as dose reductions. Subanalyses of phase III trials and studies on specific VTE patient populations have been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the DOACs in a broad range of settings, such as patients with renal impairment, patients with cancer, patients of childbearing potential, patients with multiple comorbidities and pediatric patients. Furthermore, many recent guidance documents from important hematological societies and other specialists have incorporated several of these developments. These documents also identify the patients for whom DOACs are not suitable and where traditional anticoagulation options such as heparins or VKAs should be considered instead. This review provides an overview of key VTE patient subgroups, the clinical evidence supporting the use of anticoagulation in these patients, and a discussion of the most appropriate approaches to their management, including considerations such as dosing, acute and extended treatment durations, and DOAC selection.
Optimization of knee joint maximum angle on dolphin kick
Authors: Yamakawa M. , Mizuno N. , Asao S. , Tanaka M. , Tajiri K.
Published: June 2020

The dolphin kick stroke is seen as an important technique used in setting many swimming records because the stroke is used in various races and it has an influence on them. The propulsion of the dolphin kick is determined by a combination of the angles and motions of various joints. We evaluated the knee maximum angle, which is known as one of the most influential factors for propulsion. An evaluation was conducted by computation using the unstructured moving grid finite volume method, which is a highly reproducible approach in the body fitted coordinate system. Furthermore, the approach can prevent accumulation of errors caused by the traveling of grid points. A swimmer model was created using the video footage of a swimmer. To express a traveling swimmer in a pool, the moving computational domain method was adopted. In this method, the motion of the swimmer model itself creates flows around the model instead of putting the model in a uniform flow. Thus, we can calculate acceleration/deceleration and rotational motion of the swimmer model. In this paper, the relationship between the knee joint maximum angle and the ring vortex created by a kick-down motion is also mentioned.
Non-volatile memory devices offer alternative computer architecture for neural networks
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: June 2020

Improvements can lead to spiking neural networks with significantly higher storage density and in-memory, highly parallel dot product computation.
Study on enhancing effect of carbon nanotubes on the interlayer strength of 3D printing of plastic powder
Authors: Li Guangzhao , Feng Lajun , Zhai Zhe , Wang Fangfang
Published: June 2020

To solve the problem of low interlayer strength of 3D plastic powder printing, in this work, magnetized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are added to the epoxy powder of 3D printing, and a 0.3 T magnetic field is introduced on the printed powder box to explore the interfacial enhancement effect of CNTs on the interlayer strength of 3D printing of plastic powder. The results show that the magnetized CNTs are vertically arranged in the interlayer, which greatly improves the interlayer bonding strength of 3D plastic printing. When the content of magnetized CNTs is below 4 wt. %, the interlayer bonding strength of epoxy resin 3D printing increases as the content of CNTs increases; when the content of CNTs was 4 wt. %, the interlayer bonding strength increased to a maximum of 4.5 MPa, 50% higher than the unadded specimen; when the content of CNTs increased to 4–6 wt. %, the interlayer bonding strength of the specimens is between 4.5 MPa and 4.3 MPa, basically unchanged; when the content of CNTs increased to more than 7 wt. %, the interfacial strength decreased.
MoS2-based ferroelectric field-effect transistor with atomic layer deposited Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films toward memory applications
Authors: Cha Ming-Yang , Liu Hao , Wang Tian-Yu , Chen Lin , Zhu Hao , Ji Li , Sun Qing-Qing , Zhang David Wei
Published: June 2020

Recently, hafnium oxide (HfO2)-based ferroelectric materials have achieved phenomenal success in next-generation nonvolatile memory applications. In this study, we fabricated Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) ferroelectric capacitors and back-gate field-effect transistors (FETs) with few-layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets as the channel and a ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 film as the gate dielectric. Good dielectric and ferroelectric properties have been observed from the HZO film fabricated with atomic layer deposition-based techniques. The MoS2–HZO ferroelectric FETs (FeFETs) have exhibited excellent performance including ferroelectric polarization switching with a high on/off ratio and negligible degradation in endurance and retention properties. Our results shown here suggest that MoS2–HZO FeFETs can be a promising alternative for next-generation nonvolatile memories.
Synthesis and Study of Prototropic Tautomerism of 2-(2-Furyl)-1-hydroxyimidazoles
Authors: Nikitina Polina A. , Koldaeva Tatiana Yu. , Zakharko Marina A. , Perevalov Valery P.
Published: June 2020

Novel 2-(2-furyl)imidazole derivatives were synthesised. 2-(2-Furyl)-1-methoxyimidazoles and 2-(2-furyl)-1-methylimidazole 3-oxides were used as model compounds in the study of the prototropic tautomerism of 2-(2-furyl)-1-hydroxyimidazoles by means of 1H, 13C NMR and UV/vis spectroscopies. It was demonstrated that the interaction of the π-excessive furyl moiety with an electron-withdrawing carbonyl group in position 5 of imidazole stabilised the N-hydroxy tautomeric form in both deuterated chloroform and d6-DMSO. In ethanol the N-oxide tautomer is also present along with the prevailing N-hydroxyimidazole.
Pragmatic noise in Shakespeare’s plays
Authors: Culpeper Jonathan , Oliver Samuel J.
Published: June 2020

Pragmatic noise, first coined in Culpeper and Kytö (2010), refers to the semi-natural noises, such as ah, oh, and ha, that have evolved to express a range of pragmatic and discoursal functions. Taking advantage of the regularised spellings and grammatically tagged texts of the Enhanced Shakespearean Corpus (Culpeper 2019), this study considers the frequency, distribution and functions of pragmatic noise across Shakespeare’s plays and characters. It reveals and discusses, for example, the facts that: whilst particular types of pragmatic noise maintain a steady presence across all the plays, there is variation in token density; female characters have a much greater density of pragmatic noise tokens compared with male; and characters in the middle of the social hierarchy use pragmatic noise particularly often.
Keywords that characterise Shakespeare’s (anti)heroes and villains
Authors: Archer Dawn , Findlay Alison
Published: June 2020

This chapter undertakes a keyword analysis of seven Shakespearean characters: Titus, Tamora, Aaron, Lear, Edmund, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. The chapter discusses how, once contextualised, these keywords provide useful insights into their feelings/thoughts towards others, events, motivations to act, etc. In terms of findings, only Aaron denotes his “villainy” directly. Tamora, in contrast, draws upon a keyword that is denotatively positive; in context, though, “sweet” reveals her womanly wiles. “Weep”, for Lear, and “legitimate” and “base”, for Edmund, problematize their status as (one-dimensional) villains. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth draw upon grammatical keywords, “if” and “would” in ways that signal something about their (deteriorating) emotional and social positions as much as their villainous intentions.
Revealing speech
Authors: Rudanko Juhani
Published: June 2020

In several of Shakespeare’s plays, soliloquies serve as a window into the speaker’s mind and a view of the world at the time of the soliloquy. The framework of analysis in this chapter is that of semantic roles, with the focus on the Agent. The author develops a view of the Agent based on a cluster of selected semantic features, and applies it to thematically linked soliloquies in Othello. Each subject in the set of soliloquies is considered with respect to its agentivity or lack of it on the basis of the nature of the predicate in question. Iago’s soliloquies are seen to be higher in agentivity than Othello’s, revealing Iago as a “doer” and Othello as someone being acted upon.
Question strategies in the Old Bailey Corpus
Authors: Ronan Patricia
Published: June 2020

This qualitative and quantitative pilot study investigates the use of different question strategies of varying coerciveness in four different periods in the Old Bailey Corpus. It asks what question strategies are used by which trial participants at what time in the later early and late modern periods of English, using Woodbury’s (1984) continuum of control. Data stems from the Old Bailey Corpus 2.0 and is investigated manually. Results show that compared to the defendants asking questions, which was the practice in earlier periods, the legal practitioners asked more varied questions with broader scopes. These drove the discourse of the court proceedings forward more successfully than the more narrow questions asked by the defendants in the early trials under consideration.
Explaining explanatory so
Authors: Denison David
Published: June 2020

This chapter examines a recent use of so in spoken British English, namely as a discourse marker conveying acceptance of an invitation to take the floor and give an explanation. I demonstrate a long-term increase in turn-initial so, dating the specifically ‘explanatory so’ to the 2010s in Britain. Evidence comes from corpora of academic discourse, of media language and especially of conversation. I argue that the usage is a coalescence of several well-attested discourse uses of so, perhaps strengthened by transatlantic influence. I explain the often hostile public reaction by the sentence grammar of so, also offering a general hypothesis about what makes an innovation salient and objectionable to conservative speakers.
Return to the future
Authors: Berglund Prytz Ylva
Published: June 2020

This study explores the use of expressions of future in two spoken corpora: BNC XML, from 1994, and BNC2014. It is a first, explorative venture aiming to identify features that merit further study. For that, the initial focus is placed on examining two features shown to vary between different corpora: frequency and proportions of the different expressions and collocations with personal pronouns. The results lend support to previous suggestions about changes in how future reference is expressed in English. It also shows that the new BNC2014 offers exciting opportunities for studies of Present-day British English. In combination with the demographically sampled component of the original BNC it becomes a useful resource for exploring the development of very recent language change.
Translating the oral tradition of community literature
Authors: Luhar Sahdev , Nimavat Dushyant
Published: June 2020

Community literature, here, refers to a body of oral literatures by the diverse ethnic groups of India that speak thousands of indigenous languages. Many less explored indigenous groups with living oral traditions are found in India but their orality is not yet documented. In our attempts to find such cultural groups, we came across many cultural groups that are being ignored because of their small population, lack of political backup, lack of governmental upliftment policies, socio-economic conditions, or lifestyle. The cultural groups that are being referred to here are not the communities that live in tribal or forest areas but they are groups of people that live among us in our cities or villages. These groups mainly consist of migrating populations whose members wander here and there to earn their livelihood. These are the cursed communities in the sense that they have been ignored by all – by the government itself and also by the dominant cultural groups. In this paper, we try to record our own experiences and the difficulties that we faced while translating the oral tradition of such a cultural group – the Gādaliyā Luhār community. This paper also tries to show how translation is a two-tier (or a three-tier) process in countries such as India where the majority of marginalised cultural groups speak indigenous languages or dialects.
What are cucurbits?
Authors: Wehner Todd C. , Naegele Rachel P. , Myers James R. , Dhillon Narinder P. S. , Crosby Kevin
Published: June 2020

This chapter focuses on distribution and ecology, nomenclature, taxonomy, morphology and anatomy, and growth and development of cucurbits.
Modeling and simulation of an antenna with optimized AMC reflecting layer for gain and front-to-back ratio enhancement for 5G applications
Authors: Hocini A , Melouki N , Denidni T A
Published: June 2020

A low-profiled microstrip patch antenna for application in the 5G wireless communication systems is backed by a reflecting layer based on an optimized artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) to enhance the gain and the front-to-back ratio. The design and analyses process were carried out using the full-wave commercial simulator CST Microwave Studio in parallel with Matlab, using the embedded CST to Matlab VBA-based interface to create an automated simulation environment and to design both a conventional antenna and the proposed one. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the AMC reflecting layer to achieve maximum gain and front-to-back ratio around the frequency band of interest. The results yield an important enhancement in the peak gain and front-to-back ratio, alongside a low side-lobe level (SLL) due to the successful surface waves suppression, thus making this antenna design a good candidate for future wireless communication systems.
Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based thin films for optical humidity sensing
Authors: Lazarova K , Bozhilova S , Christova D , Babeva T
Published: June 2020

The optical and humidity-sensing properties are studied of hydrophobically modified PVA, namely poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetal)s of varied copolymer composition. Copolymers are synthesized by reacting PVA with acetaldehyde in aqueous solution, thus introducing cyclic acetal functionalities in the polymer chain. Thin polymer films are deposited by spin-coating and their optical properties are studied as a function of the copolymer composition, i.e., degree of acetalization. Reflectance measurements at different relative humidities in the range 5 – 95 % RH are conducted in order to probe the sensing behavior. The comparison with neat PVA thin films confirms the influence of the copolymer’s acetal fraction on the optical and sensing properties and degree of hysteresis. The feasibility of applying poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetal) thin films for optical sensing of humidity is demonstrated and discussed.
Optimization of ALD grown Ni-, Co- and Fe-doped ZnO films
Authors: Blagoev B , Terziyska P , Mehandzhiev V , Tzvetkov P , Kovacheva D , Avramova I , Ivanova T , Gesheva K , Paskaleva A
Published: June 2020

Ni-, Co- and Fe-doped ZnO films were grown by atomic layer deposition on Si and glass substrates. The structures prepared were studied and characterized by XRD, XPS, ellipsometry and FTIR. The crystalline ZnO structure showed a strong dependence on the substrate used and the type of transition metal ion despite of the low doping levels.
Microstructural characterization of nanocomposites produced by laser ablation in a magnetic field
Authors: Nikov Ru , Avdeev G , Dikovska A , Koleva M , Nedyalkov N
Published: June 2020

We present a microstructural study of nanocomposite samples based on iron oxide and a noble or a transition metal. The samples were produced by laser ablation in air at atmospheric pressure in the presence of a magnetic field. This technology allows production of oriented nanowires composed by nanoparticles. We applied a simultaneous laser ablation of two targets in an external magnetic field. The targets used for the ablation were a magnetic material (iron) and a noble or a transition metal (silver, gold or cobalt). The presence of a magnetic field during the deposition results in arranging the nanoparticles formed in the plasma plume into micrometric nanowires on the substrate. The structural analyses confirms that the samples are composed by iron oxide and a noble or a transition metal.
New Result on

K+→π+νν¯

from the NA62 Experiment
Authors: Ruggiero G
Published: June 2020

The NA62 experiment at the CERN SPS is designed to measure the branching ratio of the

K
+

→

π
+

ν

ν
¯

with a decay-in-flight technique and took data in 2016–2018. The statistics collected in 2017 allows NA62 to achieve the best up–to–date single event sensitivity for

K
+

→

π
+

ν

ν
¯

corresponding to more than 2 Standard Model

K
+

→

π
+

ν

ν
¯

expected events. The analysis of the 2017 data has revealed 2 candidate

K
+

→

π
+

ν

ν
¯

events, while 1.5 background were expected. Together with the candidate found on the 2016 data, this result leads to 1.85 × 10−10 as preliminary upper limit at 90% C.L. on the branching ratio of the

K
+

→

π
+

ν

ν
¯

decay. The 2017 data also allow NA62 to achieve the best up–to–date sensitivity on the search for the π
0 → invisible decay.
Testing the HyperCP anomaly at LHCb: evidence for the Σ+ → pµ
+
µ
− decay
Authors: Dettori F
Published: June 2020

A search for Σ+ → pµ
+
µ
− decays with LHCb Run 1 data is presented, yielding an evidence for this decay and a measurement of a branching fraction compatible with the Standard Model. The HyperCP anomaly in the dimuon invariant mass distribution is not confirmed, and its branching fraction central value is excluded at 95% CL. Prospects for the future of this measurement in LHCb are also presented.
Study of the kaon electromagnetic form factors in e
+
e
− annihilation and τ decays
Authors: Serednyakov S I , Beloborodov K I , Druzhinin V P
Published: June 2020

The recent precise measurements of the e
+
e
− → K
+
K
− and e
+
e
− → KS

KL
cross sections and the hadronic spectral function of the τ
− → K
−
K
S
ν

τ
decay are used to extract the isoscalar and isovector electromagnetic kaon form factors and their relative phase in a model independent way. The experimental results are compared with a fit based on the vector-meson-dominance model.
Anomalous absorption in 202-111 transition of methanimine
Authors: Kumar N , Chandra S , Kant N , Sharma M K , Sharma M
Published: June 2020

The methanimine molecule is of great interest for astronomers and astrophysicists. It is considered as a prebiotic molecule as it is a potential precursor of Glycine, the simplest amino acid. The reaction of CH2NH with HCN in interstellar medium makes aminoacetonitrile (NH2CH2CN) which further reacts with H2O to make glycine (NH2CH2COOH). The amino-acids like Glycine are building blocks of proteins that are essential for life to occur. Earlier, we have calculated the radiative lifetimes and Einstein A-coefficients for transitions between 69 lowest rotational energy levels of methanimine. In the present study, we have obtained the anomalous absorption in 202 – 111 transition of methanimine at 33.705893 GHz. We have solved the statistical equilibrium equations coupled with the equations of radiative transfer. The brightness temperature is found to be minimum around the hydrogen molecular density of 104.5 cm−3 and it rises on both sides of this density.
Range and maximum etchable track length for 93Nb ion in CR-39 detector
Authors: Gewali Jeeban. Pd. , Saxena Atul.
Published: June 2020

In recent years, solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) have been used increasingly in variety of field ranging from archeology and geophysics to fission physics and space research. In nuclear physics their advantages lie in their small and flexible geometry, in their ability to withstand high temperature and in their being able to discriminate against high background of less ionizing radiation. When ionizing radiation falls on a SSNTDs detector it produces minute trails of damage (perhaps 10-100 A° in diameter) in a material whether by the thermal spike effect of more by ion explosion effect. We in this work irradiate CR-39 SSNTD detector sample by ion beam of 93Nb with varied energy in the range 20 MeV to 1600 MeV. The damage trials produced were enlarged thousand times by subjecting the material to a suitable etching process (6N NaOH at 60°C Temperature). Then using continuous process of etching the maximum etchable track length was measured. Using well established SSNTD techniques the range and energy loss of the ion in polymer was calculated. The experimental result was then compared with theoretical data of SRIM and DEDXT programme. The theoretical data are in close agreement with our data.
A Mathematical Model For The Study Of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yadav R , Maya
Published: June 2020

This paper focuses on a latest approach to study the diabetes mellitus. A new mathematical model of all glucose-insulin interactions is proposed by the incorporation of time delay. Then the mathematical model is formulated, and after that the analysis of the model is discussed. In order to confirm the theoretical results, we carried out the numerical simulations. Computer simulations are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed work. Also, the behaviour of proposed mathematical model for different values of time delay will be shown.
Solution of inverse fractional Fisher’s equation by differential quadrature method
Authors: Arora G. , Pratiksha
Published: June 2020

This work is an attempt to solve the inverse problem on fractional Fisher’s equation. A method comprising of Lubich’s approach to discretize the time fractional derivative and differential quadrature method with modified B-spline basis function to approximate the space derivatives is proposed to find the numerical solution of the equation. A stable numerical solution is obtained for this problem and then a comparison is made with the existing results. The obtained results are presented in form of tables and figures. The proposed method can be applied to similar fractional equations.
Study of Heterocyclic Ring Systems: Biopharmaceutical Applications of Substituted 4H-1,4-Benzothiazine and Piperazine
Authors: Saroha Sumit , Chhavi  , Sharma Praveen Kumar
Published: June 2020

In present work study of biologically important heterocycles such as 4H-1,4-benzothzine and substituted piperazine was carried out. Reaction mixture of substituted 4H-1,4-Benzothiazine and piperazine was examined for their importance as biopharmaceutical material such as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. Current research article based on fundamental concept of green chemistry best out of waste.
Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation studies of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with gly-o-andn or gly-p-andn as primary ligand and N, N' donors as secondary ligand
Authors: Aggarwal Nidhi , Kant Rishi , Kumar Dr. Gaurav , James Charisma , Maji Dr. Suman
Published: June 2020

Metal complexes with heterocyclic Schiff bases are of substantial curiosity for the chemists. Ligand modifications are easily accessible due to preparative simplicity, structural variability and tunable electronic properties. Hetero atoms like N and O when incorporated in Schiff bases play a key role at binding sites in metallobiomolecules Transition metals form an integral part of biological system and their mixed ligand complexes with Schiff bases have established their remarkable application in biocidal fields as antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory and as anticancerous agents. Keeping in mind their marked biological activity, this work reports the synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand complexes of zinc and copper with Schiff base (obtained by the condensation of glyoxal with ortho and para anisidine) as primary and N, N’ donor molecules as secondary ligands.
Physico-Chemical Study of Some Surface Water Bodies of Punjab
Authors: Shukla Bishnu Kant , Sharma Pushpendra Kumar , Khan Mohd Asif
Published: June 2020

In recent years, the surface water quality has been observed deteriorating due to industrial activities and pollution in the Punjab state. Evaluation of surface water quality is an important issue to assure from its safe and stable use. However, describing quality conditions is generally difficult considering spatial variability of pollutants and a wide range of indicators like biological, physical and chemical substances which can be measured. This paper includes the study of surface water quality parameters in the northern Punjab region. Samples from different sources across northern Punjab were analysed for pH, TDS, TSS, turbidity, DO, chloride content, iron content and hardness of surface water. The pH, TDS, TSS, turbidity, DO, chloride content, iron content and hardness were found in the range of 6.7-8.7, 1358.00-1430.60 mg/l, 135.10-141.21 mg/l, 0.001-0.62 NTU, 0.96-7.80 mg/l, 0.80-15.56 mg/l, 0.01-0.02 mg/l and 1.2-13.9 mg/l respectively. The obtained results were compared with the acceptance limits as given by Indian standard code IS: 10500-2012. The high values of water quality parameters obtained as a result of this study indicates the level of pollution of the different sources of surface water of northern Punjab. At the end the obtained results were critically examined and suggestions were made for better management of surface water resources.
Design and Implementation of Trusted Plug-in Based on Kylin Operating System Platform
Authors: Gao Yong , Yu Xuejun
Published: June 2020

Software behavior research on behavioral statements is mostly software behavior analysis for specific software, and the characterization of software behavior is only obtained by simple buried point monitoring or static analysis. In this regard, this paper proposes a model for credibility analysis of most software behaviors based on the detection sandbox environment and the actual operating environment. The research developed a trusted plug-in based on the Kylin operating system platform. It adopted the idea of “consistent words and deeds”, and used the actual behavior statement and the trusted behavior in the trusted behavior statement database for tested evaluation. In the aspect of software behavior tested measurement, a behavior statement judgment model based on cosine similarity algorithm is proposed to judge the reliability of software behavior. Experimental results: the trusted plug-in platform was able to perform credibility analysis on most software behaviors, and the introduced performance overhead was relatively low. It had a high ability to identify the credibility of software behaviors. It provides new ideas for studying the credibility of software behavior on the Kylin operating system platforms.
Design of Computer-based Music Distance Education Learning System
Authors: OuYang Yuanxin
Published: June 2020

With the rapid development of Internet technology, colleges and universities have designed a music distance teaching system with the help of computer. It is not only convenient for students to study actively, but also uses modern information technology and Internet technology to carry out teaching activities. Moreover, the network-based autonomous learning can provide more free space for students. Therefore, the design of music distance teaching system has very important practical significance. In this paper, the principle of system design and the structure and function of the system are analyzed comprehensively, and the practicability and feasibility of the system are proved by the practice of the system, so it is worth popularizing and applying.
Application of Processing Programming in Interactive Installation Art——Take “What else” as an example
Authors: Yifei Bie
Published: June 2020

With the advancement of science and technology and the enhancement of human aesthetic experience, the fusion of technology and art has driven interactive installation art, an artistic expression with strong modern technology and information age characteristics, and has achieved unprecedented development. Processing is an open source programming language and development platform suitable for graphic and animation design. Through the study of processing, we have a more intuitive understanding of the creation of interactive art. Taking “what else” as an example, this paper studies the application value of Processing programming in interactive installation art, and discusses the influence of using code tools to innovate and develop art, integrating science and technology into art creation, aiming at providing new expression ideas for future installation art.
The application of R language in the selection of characteristic bands for the prediction of protein content in milk powder by Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Guo Huixin , Yin Yaolan , Zheng Fang , Li Pingzhen
Published: June 2020

Milk powder is an important food, suitable for preservation and transportation. Protein is an important nutritional component in milk powder. At present, the routine physical and chemical analysis method is usually used in the detection of components of milk powder, which is time-consuming and labor-consuming. Therefore, it is very important to carry out the rapid non-destructive detection of milk powder quality. The application of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology in the rapid detection of milk powder quality is increasingly mature, but many analytical techniques are not perfect. In this study, the models of prediction protein in milk powder were established by R language with NIRS, and the characteristic bands were selected by recursive feature extraction (RFE) in R language, and the selected bands were screened one by one to determine their importance. Finally, using Partial least squares (PLS), generalize linear model (GLM), support vector machine (SVM), least angle regression (LARS), linear model (LM) and other methods to build the prediction models with 8 characteristic bands, the R-squared of the models can be increased by 0.1 to 0.7, the model robustness greatly improved.
Application of Weighted Classification of Non-equilibrium Decision Tree in Emotion Analysis of Poetry Reading
Authors: Feng-Kun Li , Yong Zhang
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a new unbalanced decision tree algorithm for appealing expressions of reading poem is proposed. This algorithm called Weighted Division of Unbalanced Decision Tree (WDOUDT). Compared to the traditional decision tree, it has fewer nodes and more interpretability, faster convergence and higher accuracy. WDOUDT is used to identify the moving expression when students read poem. The results show that WDOUDT performed better in accuracy than decision tree, and its time complexity is lower than that of the classical decision tree algorithm. Besides, it has good generalization ability and good robustness against noise data.