bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Sustainable Structural Concrete Using Recycled Aggregate and Aramid Fiber Sheet
Authors: Cho Y. S. , Jang H. S. , Back S. K. , Choi M. I. , Hong S. U. , Lee Y. T.
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the flexural performance of recycled aggregate RC beam reinforced with aramid fiber sheets. Compressive strength of concrete using recycled aggregate is generally similar or slightly lower than normal concrete. To improve the compressive strength, aramid fiber sheets have been used in this study. This study examines the structural behavior of concrete beams prepared with recycled aggregate and strengthened aramid fiber sheets at varying locations. One concrete beam as a control specimen, that is prepared with 30 percent recycled aggregate and 70 percent natural aggregate, has been tested, and 3 more strengthened beams (bottom, bottom and sides, bottom and both ends with U-shaped strengthened beams) are tested. The ultimate loads have increased by 38.01%, 39.88%, and 100.79% for bottom, bottom and sides, bottom and both ends with U-shaped strengthened beams. The ductility ratios are 2.75~6.20 for strengthened beams. The experimental results showed that the strengthening system with U-shaped band controls the premature debonding and provides a more ductile failure mode than the strengthening system without U-shaped bands. It can be found that the ultimate strength of H40-RGA30-BS specimen based on load-deflection curves shows most promising result. The experimental results are compared with the analytical results of nonlinear flexural behaviors for strengthened reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beam.
Extracorporeal Lung Support as a Bridge to Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tumor Embolism
Authors: Vasanthan Vishnu , Halloran Kieran , Puttagunta Lakshmi , Nagendran Jayan
Published: December 2016

Bridging to diagnosis is an emerging technique used in end-stage cardiorespiratory failure that prolongs a patient’s life using various modalities of extracorporeal lung support (ECLS) to achieve antemortem diagnosis. Pulmonary tumor embolism occurs when cell clusters travel from primary malignancies through venous circulation to the lungs, causing respiratory failure through inflammatory and venoocclusive pathways. Due to its nonspecific symptomatology, pulmonary tumor embolism remains an elusive diagnosis antemortem. Herein, we bridge a patient who presented in acute respiratory failure to the diagnosis of pulmonary tumor embolism from a gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma using ECLS modalities including venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and centrally cannulated Novalung pumpless extracorporeal lung assist. We demonstrate the utility of this approach in diagnostically uncertain cases in unstable patients who are potentially acceptable ECLS and transplant candidates.
Generation of Basis Vectors for Magnetic Structures and Displacement Modes
Authors: Davies Z. L. , Wills A. S.
Published: December 2016

Increasing attention is being focused on the use of symmetry-adapted functions to describe magnetic structures, structural distortions, and incommensurate crystallography. Though the calculation of such functions is well developed, significant difficulties can arise such as the generation of too many or too few basis functions to minimally span the linear vector space. We present an elegant solution to these difficulties using the concept of basis sets and discuss previous work in this area using this concept. Further, we highlight the significance of unitary irreducible representations in this method and provide the first validation that the irreducible representations of the crystallographic space groups tabulated by Kovalev are unitary.
Extrudability and Consolidation of Blends between CGM and DDGS
Authors: Verbeek C. J. R. , Rosentrater Kurt A.
Published: December 2016

During the last decade, the global biofuels industry has experienced exponential growth. By-products such as high protein corn gluten meal (CGM) and high fibre distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) have grown in parallel. CGM has been shown to be suitable as a biopolymer; the high fibre content of DDGS reduces its effectiveness, although it is considerably cheaper. In this study, the processing behaviour of CGM and DDGS blends was evaluated and resulting extrudate properties were determined. Prior to processing, urea was used as a denaturant. DDGS : CGM ratios of 0, 33, 50, 66, and 100% were processed in a single screw extruder, which solely used dissipative heating. Blends containing DDGS were less uniformly consolidated and resulted in more dissipative heating. Blends showed multiple glass transitions, which is characteristic of mechanically compatible blends. Transmission electron microscopy revealed phase separation on a microscale, although distinct CGM or DDGS phases could not be identified. On a macroscale, optical microscopy suggested that CGM-rich blends were better consolidated, supported by visual observations of a more continuous extrudate formed during extrusion. Future work should aim to also characterize the mechanical properties of these blends to assess their suitability as either bioplastic feedstock or pelletized livestock feed.
Quality Assessment of Established and Emerging Blood Components for Transfusion
Authors: Acker Jason P. , Marks Denese C. , Sheffield William P.
Published: December 2016

Blood is donated either as whole blood, with subsequent component processing, or through the use of apheresis devices that extract one or more components and return the rest of the donation to the donor. Blood component therapy supplanted whole blood transfusion in industrialized countries in the middle of the twentieth century and remains the standard of care for the majority of patients receiving a transfusion. Traditionally, blood has been processed into three main blood products: red blood cell concentrates; platelet concentrates; and transfusable plasma. Ensuring that these products are of high quality and that they deliver their intended benefits to patients throughout their shelf-life is a complex task. Further complexity has been added with the development of products stored under nonstandard conditions or subjected to additional manufacturing steps (e.g., cryopreserved platelets, irradiated red cells, and lyophilized plasma). Here we review established and emerging methodologies for assessing blood product quality and address controversies and uncertainties in this thriving and active field of investigation.
Refractive and Quality of Vision Outcomes with Toric IOL Implantation in Low Astigmatism
Authors: Buscacio Eduardo Scaldini , Patrão Lia Florim , Moraes Haroldo Vieira de
Published: December 2016

Purpose. To evaluate the refractive and the quality of vision outcomes of toric IOL implantation in patients with low astigmatism. Design. Prospective study of single-arm. Methods. Patients with corneal astigmatism range from 0,75 D to 1,5 D and cataract that underwent cataract surgery with toric IOL. The measurements were performed preoperatively and 6 weeks after the surgery. Patients were evaluated for visual acuity with and without correction, contrast sensitivity, static and dynamic refraction, and quality of life questionnaire. Pre- and postoperative values were compared and their variations were evaluated for linear correlation. Results. 21 eyes of 21 patients. Postoperative mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.80±0.19, and the best corrected visual acuity was 0.97±0.15. p<0.001 compared to preoperative values. The average postoperative refractive cylinder was -0.34±0.39. The questionnaire’s total value before and after surgery was, respectively, 43.20±15.76 and 79.70±10.11 (p<0.001). The correlation coefficients between the values of the questionnaire variation and the UCVA, BCVA, and CS variation were, respectively, 0.548 (p=0.005), 0.508 (p=0.009), and 0.409 (p=0.033). Conclusion. Patients with low astigmatism who underwent phacoemulsification with toric IOL implantation experienced significant decrease in refractive astigmatism and improvement in their quality of life.
Differentiating Malignant from Tubercular Pleural Effusion by Cancer Ratio Plus (Cancer Ratio: Pleural Lymphocyte Count)
Authors: Verma Akash , Dagaonkar Rucha S. , Marshall Dominic , Abisheganaden John , Light R. W.
Published: December 2016

Background. We performed prospective validation of the cancer ratio (serum LDH : pleural ADA ratio), previously reported as predictive of malignant effusion retrospectively, and assessed the effect of combining it with “pleural lymphocyte count” in diagnosing malignant pleural effusion (MPE).Methods. Prospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with lymphocyte predominant exudative pleural effusion in 2015.Results. 118 patients, 84 (71.2%) having MPE and 34 (28.8%) having tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), were analysed. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, cancer ratio, serum LDH : pleural fluid lymphocyte count ratio, and “cancer ratio plus” (ratio of cancer ratio and pleural fluid lymphocyte count) correlated positively with MPE. The sensitivity and specificity of cancer ratio, ratio of serum LDH : pleural fluid lymphocyte count, and “cancer ratio plus” were 0.95 (95% CI 0.87–0.98) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.68–0.94), 0.63 (95% CI 0.51–0.73) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.68–0.94), and 97.6 (95% CI 0.90–0.99) and 94.1 (95% CI 0.78–0.98) at the cut-off level of >20, >800, and >30, respectively.Conclusion. Without incurring any additional cost, or requiring additional test, effort, or time, cancer ratio maintained and “cancer ratio plus” improved the specificity of cancer ratio in identifying MPE in the prospective cohort.
Combined Isolated Laugier’s Fracture and Distal Radial Fracture: Management and Literature Review on the Mechanism of Injury
Authors: Osman Walid , Braiki Meriem , Alaya Zeineb , Naouar Nader , Ben Ayeche Mohamed
Published: December 2016

Introduction. Isolated fracture of the trochlea is an uncommon condition requiring a particular mechanism of injury. Its association with a distal radial fracture is rare. We aimed through this case report to identify the injury mechanism and to assess surgical outcomes.Case Presentation. We report a 26-year-old female who was admitted to our department for elbow trauma following an accidental fall on her outstretched right hand with her elbow extended and supinated. On examination, the right elbow was swollen with tenderness over the anteromedial aspect of the distal humerus. The elbow range was restricted. Standard radiographs showed an intra-articular half-moon-shaped fragment lying proximal and anterior to the distal humerus. There was a comminuted articular fracture of the distal radius with an anterior displacement. A computed tomography revealed an isolated shear fracture of the trochlea without any associated lesion of the elbow. The patient was surgically managed. Anatomical reduction was achieved and the fracture was fixed with 2 Kirschner wires. The distal radial fracture was treated by open reduction and plate fixation. The postoperative course was uneventful with a good recovery.Conclusion. Knowledge of such entity would be useful to indicate the suitable surgical management and eventually to obtain good functional outcomes.
Transcriptome Sequencing ofGynostemma pentaphyllumto Identify Genes and Enzymes Involved in Triterpenoid Biosynthesis
Authors: Chen Qicong , Ma Chengtong , Qian Jieying , Lan Xiuwan , Chao Naixia , Sun Jian , Wu Yaosheng
Published: December 2016

G. pentaphyllum(Gynostemma pentaphyllum), a creeping herbaceous perennial with many important medicinal properties, is widely distributed in Asia. Gypenosides (triterpenoid saponins), the main effective components ofG. pentaphyllum, are well studied. FPS (farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase), SS (squalene synthase), and SE (squalene epoxidase) are the main enzymes involved in the synthesis of triterpenoid saponins. Considering the important medicinal functions ofG. pentaphyllum, it is necessary to investigate the transcriptomic information ofG. pentaphyllumto facilitate future studies of transcriptional regulation. After sequencingG. pentaphyllum, we obtained 50,654,708 unigenes. Next, we used RPKM (reads per kilobases per million reads) to calculate expression of the unigenes and we performed comparison of our data to that contained in five common databases to annotate different aspects of the unigenes. Finally, we noticed that FPS, SS, and SE showed differential expression of enzymes in DESeq. Leaves showed the highest expression of FPS, SS, and SE relative to the other two tissues. Our research provides transcriptomic information ofG. pentaphyllumin its natural environment and we found consistency in unigene expression, enzymes expression (FPS, SS, and SE), and the distribution of gypenosides content inG. pentaphyllum. Our results will enable future related studies ofG. pentaphyllum.
Design Method and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Hybrid Fiber Used in Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Zhang Haiwei , Hao Peiwen , Pang Yuan , Mwanza Aaron D.
Published: December 2016

Fiber, as an additive, can improve the performance of asphalt concrete and be widely studied, but only a few works have been done for hybrid fiber. This paper presents a new and convenient method to design hybrid fiber and verifies hybrid fiber’s superiority in asphalt pavement engineering. Firstly, this paper expounds the design method used as its applied example with the hybrid fiber composed of lignin, polyester, and polypropylene fibers. In this method, a direct shear device (DSD) is used to measure the shear damage energy density (SDED) of hybrid fiber modified asphalts, and range and variance statistical analysis are applied to determine the composition proportion of hybrid fiber. Then, the engineering property of hybrid fiber reinforced asphalt concrete (AC-13) is investigated. Finally, a cost-benefit model is developed to analyze the advantage of hybrid fiber compared to single fibers. The results show that the design method employed in this paper can offer a beneficial reference. A combination of 1.8% of lignin fiber and 2.4% of polyester fiber plus 3.0% polypropylene fiber presented the best reinforcement of the hybrid fiber. The cost-benefit model verifies that the hybrid fiber can bring about comprehensive pavement performance and good economy.
Susceptibility Profiles ofMycobacterium ulceransIsolates to Streptomycin and Rifampicin in Two Districts of the Eastern Region of Ghana
Authors: Owusu Enid , Newman Mercy Jemima , Kotey Nana Konama , Akumwena Amos , Bannerman Elizabeth
Published: December 2016

Background. Drug resistance is a major challenge in antibiotic chemotherapy. Assessing resistance profiles of pathogens constitutes an essential surveillance tool in the epidemiology and control of infectious diseases, including Buruli ulcer (BU) disease. With the successful definitive management of BU using rifampicin and streptomycin, little attention had been paid to monitoring emergence of resistantMycobacterium ulcerans (M. ulcerans)isolates in endemic communities. This study investigated the susceptibility profiles ofM. ulceransisolates from two BU endemic areas in Ghana to streptomycin and rifampicin.Methods. The antibiotic susceptibility of seventy (70)M. ulceransisolates to rifampicin and streptomycin was determined simultaneously at critical concentrations of 40 µg/mL and 4 µg/mL, respectively, by the Canetti proportion method.Results. Resistance to rifampicin was observed for 12 (17.1%)M. ulceransisolates tested, whilst 2 (2.9%) showed resistance to streptomycin. None of the isolates tested showed dual resistance to both rifampicin and streptomycin.Conclusion. Outcomes from this study may not be reflective of all BU endemic communities; it, however, provides information on the resistance status of the isolates, which is useful for monitoring ofM. ulcerans, as well as BU disease surveillance and control.
Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Factors Associated with Voluntary Blood Donation among University Students in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Elias Elionora , Mauka Wilhellmuss , Philemon Rune N. , Damian Damian J. , Mahande Michael J. , Msuya Sia E.
Published: December 2016

Background. Understanding the knowledge and awareness of blood donation among potential blood donors in the population, like young people, and the associated attitudes and practices is important. Methodology. This was a cross-sectional study whereby a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from the consenting participants. Results. A total of 422 participants were enrolled. Their mean age was 24.2 (SD 3.6) years. Of the 422, 30% have ever donated blood. 55% of those who had ever donated were repeated blood donors. Majority of the participants (93%) had positive attitudes towards blood donation and 88% were willing to donate in the future. Factors that were significantly associated with ever donating blood were male gender, knowing a person who has donated blood, knowledge of the amount of blood donated, willingness to donate in the future, and not expecting any postdonation reward. Discussion. High awareness, positive attitude, and high intention to donate in the future should be used to underscore the need to educate the young people on the value of blood donation in saving lives and to give them correct information on overall requirements for blood donation.
Sample Dependence in the Maximum Entropy Solution to the Generalized Moment Problem
Authors: Gzyl Henryk
Published: December 2016

The method of maximum entropy is quite a powerful tool to solve the generalized moment problem, which consists in determining the probability density of a random variableXfrom the knowledge of the expected values of a few functions of the variable. In actual practice, such expected values are determined from empirical samples, leaving open the question of the dependence of the solution upon the sample. It is the purpose of this note to take a few steps towards the analysis of such dependence.
Immune Mediators in Osteoarthritis: Infrapatellar Fat Pad-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells Are Increased in Osteoarthritic Patients with Higher Clinical Radiographic Grading
Authors: Apinun Jirun , Sengprasert Panjana , Yuktanandana Pongsak , Ngarmukos Srihatach , Tanavalee Aree , Reantragoon Rangsima
Published: December 2016

Osteoarthritis is a condition of joint failure characterized by many pathologic changes of joint-surrounding tissues. Many evidences suggest the role of both innate and adaptive immunity that interplay, resulting either in initiation or in progression of osteoarthritis. Adaptive immune cells, in particular T cells, have been demonstrated to play a role in the development of OA in animal models. However, the underlying mechanism is yet unclear. Our aim was to correlate the frequency and phenotype of tissue-infiltrating T cells in the synovial tissue and infrapatellar fat pad with radiographic grading. Our results show that CD8+ T cells are increased in osteoarthritic patients with higher radiographic grading. When peripheral blood CD8+ T cells were examined, we show that CD8+ T cells possess a significantly higher level of activation than its CD4+ T cell counterpart (P<0.0001). Our results suggest a role for CD8+ T cells and recruitment of these activated circulating peripheral blood CD8+ T cells to the knee triggering local inflammation within the knee joint.
Clinical Predictors of Response to Prednisone Plus Cyclophosphamide in Patients with Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Li Shu , Wang Ling , Zhang Minfang , Zhou Wenyan , Fang Wei , Wang Qin , Qi Chaojun , Mou Shan , Shao Xinghua , Ni Zhaohui
Published: December 2016

Background: Complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR) are beneficial to the long-term outcome of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN). However, we are lacking in studies that evaluate the clinical predictors of response to treatment with prednisone plus cyclophosphamide (CP). The objectives of the study are to identify clinical factors that could predict clinical remission or relapse in patients with iMN who were treated with prednisone plus i.v. CP therapy. Methods: This retrospective study recruited a total of 102 eligible patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven iMN between January 2010 and December 2013 in our center. All subjects were treated with prednisone plus i.v. CP for at least 6 months. Primary outcome was remission, including both CR and PR. Demographic data and clinical data at baseline and month 3 of treatment with CP were assessed. Results: The proportion of patients with remission (both CR and PR) was 82.4%, over an average follow-up duration of 15 (10-27.5) months. Fifty-two of them experienced a CR. Baseline proteinuria and the reduction of proteinuria at month 3 of CP treatment were independent predictors of remission (p < 0.05) and CR (p < 0.05). In addition, the presence of a PR versus a CR was associated with the risk of relapse (hazards ratio 21.521, 95% CI 4.534-102.150, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with low proteinuria at baseline and high reduction of proteinuria at month 3 of treatment with CP were more likely to achieve remission and CR. The presence of only a PR may act as a useful predictor of relapse after completion of CP therapy.
Contrast-Enhanced Tissue Harmonic Imaging versus Phase Inversion Harmonic Sonographic Imaging for the Delineation of Hepatocellular Carcinomas
Authors: Kono Masashi , Minami Yasunori , Iwanishi Mina , Minami Tomohiro , Chishina Hirokazu , Arizumi Tadaaki , Komeda Yoriaki , Sakurai Toshiharu , Takita Masahiro , Yada Norihisa , Ida Hiroshi , Hagiwara Satoru , Ueshima Kazuomi , Nishida Naoshi , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: December 2016

Objective: To compare contrast tissue harmonic imaging (THI) with low mechanical index (MI) and conventional contrast harmonic imaging (CHI) with respect to lesion visibility of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: One hundred and twenty-five patients (84 men and 41 women, age range 39-94 years, mean age 74 years) with 100 naïve HCCs and 30 lesions after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for HCC were evaluated. One hundred and four patients had liver cirrhosis of Child-Pugh class A, and the remaining 21 had Child-Pugh class B cirrhosis. The lesion conspicuity and intratumoral echogenicity during the postvascular phase were compared using conventional CHI and contrast THI with low MI. Results: The MI values ranged from 0.20 to 0.30 on conventional CHI and from 0.30 to 0.35 on contrast THI. Regarding HCC lesion conspicuity, contrast THI with low MI was clearer in 79 lesions (60.8%), equal in 34 lesions (26.2%), and less clear in 17 lesions (13.1%) when compared with conventional CHI. The lesion conspicuity with contrast THI was significantly better than that with conventional CHI (p < 0.01). All of the postablative lesions were well delineated in patients who received RFA. Conclusion: Low-MI contrast THI was superior to conventional CHI with respect to lesion visibility of HCCs and might offer good imaging for the guiding of RFA.
Anemia and Long-Term Renal Prognosis in Patients with Post-Renal Acute Kidney Injury of Nonmalignant Cause
Authors: Sasaki Sho , Kawarazaki Hiroo , Hasegawa Takeshi , Shima Hideaki , Naganuma Toshihide , Shibagaki Yugo
Published: December 2016

Background/Aims: The renal prognosis of post-renal acute kidney injury (PoR-AKI) has not been verified so far. The objective of this study was to assess the association of baseline anemia with long-term renal prognosis in patients with PoR-AKI. Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Consecutive adult patients from December 2006 to February 2010, who met the requirements as mentioned in the definition of PoR-AKI, were included. Patients without data on baseline renal function and at 6 months after PoR-AKI were excluded. We set baseline hemoglobin (Hb) level (g/dl) as the main exposure to be tested. The main outcome measure was long-term renal prognosis as determined by the difference between proximate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 6 months after diagnosis of PoR-AKI and baseline eGFR prior to the occurrence of the present PoR-AKI (ΔeGFR after 6 months) using the general linear model. Results: We included 136 patients with PoR-AKI. The most frequent cause of PoR-AKI was malignancy, accounting for 39.0% (n = 53) of cases. Multivariate analysis adjusted for possible confounders showed that ΔeGFR after 6 months significantly changed by -4.28 ml/min/1.73 m2 for every 1 g/dl lower Hb at diagnosis (95% CI 1.86-6.69, p < 0.01). An additional multivariate analysis that was stratified by the presence or absence of malignancy as the cause of PoR-AKI yielded the same significant result only in the stratum of the nonmalignant cause of PoR-AKI. Conclusion: Patients with a nonmalignant cause of PoR-AKI who have baseline anemia may have poor long-term renal prognosis. In these cases, close observation of renal function after renal recovery may be required.
Make Precision Medicine Work for Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sun Ling , Zou Lu-Xi , Chen Mao-Jie
Published: December 2016

Precision medicine is based on accurate diagnosis and tailored intervention through the use of omics and clinical data together with epidemiology and environmental exposures. Precision medicine should be achieved with minimum adverse events and maximum efficacy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this review, the breakthroughs of omics in CKD and the application of systems biology are reviewed. The potential role of transforming growth factor-β1 in the targeted intervention of renal fibrosis is discussed as an example of how to make precision medicine work for CKD.
Sistemas regionais, relações interétnicas e movimentos territoriais – os Tapajó e além na história ameríndia
Authors: Harris Mark
Published: December 2016

Esse artigo considera o nascimento de um território ameríndio complexo no Baixo Amazonas no final do século XVII. Esse território, identificado pela região dos rios Madeira/Tapajós, pode ser vista como uma zona tribal, fora do contato direto com a sociedade colonial, entretanto conectada a ela. A guerra entre os Tapajó (costa sul, ao redor da foz do rio Tapajós) e os Aruaque (costa norte, ao redor do lago Saracá), que já ocorria durante grande parte do século dezessete, chegou a um ápice no inicio de 1660. Com envolvimento europeu, a guerra acabou gerando consequências para o potencial coletivo de ambas partes, que ficou muito reduzido. Considerando as relações de alianças e combates, esse artigo confronta as transformações internas e externas no Baixo Amazonas, focando na nação tapajó. Será que esses grandes povos se dividiram em etnias diferentes, ou se reagruparam na zona tribal, ou ainda, será que diminuíram e perderam poder?
Missionary Settlements and its Amerindian Transformations – a Jesuit Controlled Indigenous Village (Atlantic Coast 18th-19th century)
Authors: Viegas Susana De Matos
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo proponho uma análise da territorialidade vivida pelos índios que habitavam na vila de Olivença (sul da Bahia) no período colonial, à luz de enfoques trazidos pela etnografia contemporânea. Mostro que a própria política missionária de fixação criou espaços transformados — tanto da mata e dos locais onde os índios cultivavam as suas roças como da própria sede da missão — que conseguimos configurar como territorialidades numa historicidade ameríndia. Serão principalmente exploradas visões da territorialidade a partir da posse e da responsabilidade individual finita em cuidar do espaço. O artigo visa contribuir para o alargamento da história das territorialidades ameríndias, partindo dos regimes de posse que resultam desta articulação entre os projetos territoriais coloniais e as vivências e apropriações ameríndias do espaço.
Sacrifício, tempo, antropologia: três exercícios em torno de O Pensamento Selvagem
Authors: Lanna Marcos , Costa Carlos Eduardo , Souza Alexandre Colli de
Published: December 2016

O artigo apresenta leitura de O Pensamento Selvagem, de C. Lévi- Strauss, buscando demonstrar sua importância para a antropologia atual. Salientamos sua apresentação do “pensamento em estado selvagem” como possibilidade ou mesmo necessidade formal de todo pensamento humano, sua manifestação como arte, mito, bricolagem e sua relação com a ciência. Como se sabe, entre outras contribuições, esse livro apresenta uma noção de transformação entre conjuntos analíticos sistemáticos. Ao mesmo tempo, demonstra ser a atividade classificatória inelutável, afirmando um homem condenado a classificar, seja de modo totêmico, seja sacrificial. Nesse quadro, procuramos reunir diferentes estilos de pensamento — inclusive os nossos próprios, eles também bricolagens e classificações. Discutimos o contraste entre sistemas classificatórios totêmico e sacrificial, para depois confrontarmos antropologia e história e finalmente debatermos a questão do lugar da antropologia em um triângulo arte-ciência-mito.
A santa, o mar e o navio: congada e memórias da escravidão no Brasil
Authors: Cezar Lilian Sagio
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo a autora descreve e analisa mecanismos e processos mnemônicos desenvolvidos por um dos dançadores mais dedicados da festa da congada de São Sebastião do Paraíso, MG. A congada constitui festa afrodescendente que, a partir da Igreja Católica, rememora ritualística e performaticamente, por meio da homenagem a uma corte negra, uma África ancestral contraposta às emoções de dor e sofrimento atribuídas à escravidão. Em sua concretização, memórias, valores e padrões culturais africanos puderam ser preservados e (re)criados no Brasil. Esse texto tem como fulcro analisar processos de rememoração e criação de práticas religiosas, que ao longo de largo período de tempo, se mantiveram relativamente secretas enquanto forma de conhecimento que identificam e hierarquizam atores sociais nesta festa.
Sinais dos tempos, sinais dos lugares: reconfigurações dos modos como heterossexuais pensam os gostos sexuais de homossexuais
Authors: Gomes Elias Evangelista
Published: December 2016

A partir de uma etnografia realizada em uma igreja evangélica da cidade de São Paulo (Brasil), este artigo discute os nexos entre religião e sexualidade no contexto urbano. Por meio do que dizem alguns jovens heterossexuais autodeclarados frequentadores da igreja em questão, foi possível refletir sobre os aspectos de classificação, hierarquização e julgamento relacionados aos gostos sexuais dissidentes. Mais especificamente, procura-se aqui analisar a emergência e o declínio de cosmologias, discursos e estratégias socializadoras sobre a homossexualidade entre evangélicos. Examinam-se também os modos de se conceber e de se relacionar com as dissidências em torno das moralidades e das expressões da sexualidade no interior da igreja e nos ambientes urbanos de sociabilidade. O artigo apresenta, por fim, uma reflexão sobre a circulação de pessoas entre mundos sociais distintos e sobre os modos como esses jovens reconfiguram os sentidos de religião e sexualidade.
Do desembarque do navio ao embarque na canoa: Gioconda Mussolini, 1886-1938
Authors: Ciacchi Andrea
Published: December 2016

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é a reconstrução de um aspecto específico da trajetória biográfica e intelectual de Gioconda Mussolini, aluna, assistente e professora, sucessivamente, na Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidade de São Paulo de 1935 a 1969: o seu percurso escolar, da infância à licenciatura na ffcl. Proponho, no entanto, ir ainda mais longe, no tempo e no espaço, para incluir nesta trajetória a chegada da Itália ao Brasil da sua família paterna, em 1886, e a sua experiência escolar, na cidade de São Paulo, nos anos Vinte e Trinta do século passado. A hipótese é que esse percurso é determinado em grande medida pelo seu pertencimento a uma parcela peculiar da experiência ítalo-paulista no começo do século xx, por um lado, e, por outro, que ele determina o seu encaminhamento para as ciências sociais e para a Antropologia.
Dossiê: Gioconda Mussolini
Authors: Ciacchi Andrea
Published: December 2016

Em 2013, no dia 15 de novembro, Gioconda Mussolini completaria cem anos de idade. Mas, como sabemos, ela foi arrancada da vida, pelas consequências de um aneurisma cerebral, poucas horas depois da sua aula de antropologia nos barracões, ainda precários, do campus da usp, no mês de maio de 1969, quando tinha 55 anos. Há dois anos, portanto, a antropologia brasileira se prepararia para essa lembrança, que me parecia particularmente relevante pelo longo, inexplicável (aparentemente) e incômodo esquecimento que cercou a figura de Gioconda Mussolini por quase quarenta anos...
Arqueologia colaborativa com os Asurini do Xingu: Um relato sobre a pesquisa no igarapé Piranhaquara, T.I. Koatinemo
Authors: Silva Fabíola Andréa
Published: December 2016

O artigo apresenta alguns resultados do projeto Território e Memória dos Asurini do Xingu. Arqueologia Colaborativa na t.i. Koatinemo – Pará, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa projetada em parceria com os Asurini, com objetivo principal de compreender sua história na ocupação territorial da t.i. Koatinemo. Ao mesmo tempo, procura também identificar o potencial arqueológico dessa área do baixo-médio Xingu. Ao longo do texto, apresentarei os resultados da etapa de campo realizada em maio de 2013, quando foram localizados e georreferenciados antigos assentamentos asurini e outros sítios arqueológicos ao longo do igarapé Piranhaquara. Essa investigação situa-se no debate sobre as pesquisas colaborativas e aborda os efeitos do encontro entre arqueólogos e povos indígenas em relação aos diferentes modos de conhecer o registro arqueológico.
Os tempos no “Gerais” e no “Sertão” – Sobre casa, comida, terra e criação
Authors: Andriolli Carmen Silvia
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que as transformações sobre o uso da terra decorrentes da implantação do Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas em Minas Gerais revelam tempos (de ontem e de hoje) que remetem às categorias nativas “Gerais”/“Sertão”. Para elucidar esse processo, centro-me na etnografia que realizei com o vaqueiro Samuel, figura emblemática das transformações ali ocorridas. Focarei minha análise na descrição de quatro pontos: em que medida as formas de conversar e o oferecimento de comidas eram pontes que traziam à luz o “Gerais” no momento em que o “Sertão” se apresentava; de que maneira a casa se mostrava como símbolo das transformações que ocorreram; como tais transformações me incluíram numa rede de relações de troca; bem como qual foi a estratégia utilizada pelo vaqueiro na sua relação com o “povo do Ibama” para se manter junto à terra enquanto aguardava a indenização.
Demandas, direitos e entendimentos da “Justiça”: um estudo de caso da sociedade escravista do Império do Brasil
Authors: Couceiro Luiz Alberto
Published: December 2016

Nesse texto analiso um caso, ocorrido em 1872 e localizado em um processo criminal, em que escravos da fazenda Monte Verde, em São Fidélis (Rio de Janeiro), mataram e esquartejaram o feitor livre e administrador Tertuliano Guerra. Sustento o argumento de que os escravos estavam cientes de que ir à “Justiça”, entregando-se após cometer um crime de morte, era recurso interessante para constranger seu senhor na esperança de terem suas reivindicações atendidas, suas questões judicializadas. Aqui, utilizo como estratégia analítica a interpretação de outros tipos de situações nas quais escravos tenham percebido que usar a justiça era um caminho interessante para fazerem valer seus direitos, inscritos em leis, e não somente os consuetudinários.
Caracóis emplumados e Tlaloc na Mesoamérica pré-hispânica: abordagem comparativa com o noroeste amazônico
Authors: Karadimas Dimitri
Published: December 2016

Os trompetes rituais do noroeste amazônico, quando tocados no momento da iniciação, fazem morrer os adolescentes, fazendo nascer homens adultos. A encenação ritual busca na metamorfose dos insetos uma analogia da troca de pele social a que os iniciados serão sujeitados. Um dos trompetes é construído à imagem da figura da crisálida de borboletas. Tidos como larvas, os adolescentes são “parasitados” pelos homens adultos para que eles os tornem guerreiros, fazendo com que eles se identifiquem às vespas que infestam esses locais de transformação. Ao retomar esses desenlaces rituais contemporâneos e as imagens que os acompanham, este artigo propõe-se analisar o caracol feito em uma concha marinha na Mesoamérica  pré-hispânica, um artefato presente nos baixos relevos dos templos de Teotihuacán, e que aparece ligado tanto a Quetzalcoatl como a Tlaloc, o deus da chuva e das tempestades. Ao mostrar que as civilizações desta área cultural têm recursos às mesmas imagens que no noroeste amazônico, é possível realizar uma análise de várias de suas figuras que permanecem enigmáticas até o presente para mostrar que a mesma referência ao parasitismo esteve  aí presente.
Considerações sobre a ética no candomblé
Authors: Rabelo Miriam
Published: December 2016

A partir da descrição de eventos desenrolados em terreiros de Salvador o texto visa contribuir para uma reflexão acerca do modo próprio do candomblé colocar e resolver questões éticas, formar e oferecer condições para o exercício de uma sensibilidade ética no dia a dia do terreiro. Ao abordar casos relativos à iniciação e formação gradativa de adeptos e ao desenrolar de relações entre pessoas humanas e orixás, pretende-se discutir tanto alguns dos elementos que definem o agir ético no candomblé, quanto caracterizar a montagem ética que sustenta esse agir.
Os Santos Revoltados na Baía de Todos-os-Pecadores: das intempéries da identidade nacional brasileira e o ocaso da democracia racial
Authors: Rodrigues Núbia Bento
Published: December 2016

Os Santos Revoltados na Baía de Todos-os-Pecadores: das intempéries da identidade nacional brasileira e o ocaso da democracia racial
Filologia como curadoria: o caso Pessoa
Authors: Ferreira Pedro Tiago
Published: December 2016

O argumento desenvolvido ao longo deste ensaio consiste em defender que a filologia é curadoria textual. Com efeito, “curar de” significa “administrar o patrimônio de outrem”; ora, editar um texto é uma atividade segundo a qual o filólogo administra um patrimônio, ou seja, o texto que se tem em vista editar, de outrem, o respetivo autor; logo, o filólogo é um curador textual. Esta afirmação encerra, contudo, duas dificuldades que são abordadas ao longo deste estudo, e que podem ser expressas a partir das seguintes perguntas: Como se administra um patrimônio incorpóreo? Como administrar textos que se encontrem em situações semelhantes às da maior parte dos textos que compõem a obra de Fernando Pessoa, que são incompletos por inacabamento e não por partes dos mesmos se terem perdido? Nestes casos, é preciso entender que o filólogo, não deixando de ser curador, acaba por ter que assumir uma posição de coautoria sui generis, visto que a edição/administração deste tipo de textos implica a tomada de decisões que tipicamente são feitas pelos autores de obras literárias.
A oração subordinada adjetiva na produção de sentidos no texto: a perspectiva dos livros didáticos de língua portuguesa do Ensino Médio
Authors: Câmara Aliana Lopes
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho estuda o modo como livros didáticos de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Médio, aprovados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático-2015, propõem o ensino da oração subordinada adjetiva. Vários pesquisadores (Bagno, 2011; Neves, 2011; Travaglia, 2009, 2011) abordam a questão do ensino de gramática, problematizando o ensino mecanicista e tradicional de identificação e classificação de unidades linguísticas (morfológicas e sintáticas). Esses autores defendem a articulação da gramática com o ensino das habilidades leitora e escritora, de modo que os recursos linguísticos sejam estudados na mobilização de efeitos de sentido na construção textual. A escolha do corpus, portanto, foi determinada pela proposta de ensino de gramática explicitamente declarada nos manuais para o professor (parte anexa ao livro didático), segundo a qual os recursos linguísticos são subsidiários ao ensino da leitura e da escrita. Parte-se, inicialmente, da comparação entre a proposta dos manuais quanto ao ensino da gramática e o que se efetivou no livro do aluno, mais especificamente em relação às propostas para o ensino da oração subordinada adjetiva. A seguir, a partir da descrição funcional da oração subordinada adjetiva (Câmara, 2015), que tem como base a Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (Hengeveld e Mackenzie, 2008), verifica- se como alguns aspectos descritivos podem ser subsidiários ao ensino da oração subordinada adjetiva, visando ao desenvolvimento das habilidades de leitura e escrita. A justificativa para a escolha desse suporte teórico está no fato de que a gramática está estruturada de modo hierárquico e descendente em níveis e camadas de análise linguística, sendo que as unidades pragmáticas determinam as unidades semânticas, que, por sua vez, determinam as unidades morfossintáticas, que, por sua vez, determinam as unidades fonológicas. Os dados demonstram que ainda permanece, nas propostas de ensino da oração subordinada adjetiva, em livros didáticos de Ensino Médio, um ensino de gramática que enfoca principalmente o domínio de nomenclatura, de metalinguagem e de regras da gramática normativa. Não se realiza uma reflexão dos recursos linguísticos, a partir de textos autênticos, com o objetivo se entender como os efeitos de sentido são produzidos. Por outro lado, esses materiais apresentam uma visão diferente da tradicional ao considerar aspectos pragmáticos na concepção da oração adjetiva explicativa.
Redescobrindo os brasileirismos
Authors: Moreira Bruna Elisa
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo revisitar a categoria “brasileirismo”. Essa categoria é analisada sob dois pontos de vista, o da tradição, que aborda os brasileirismos na linha histórica como expressão que diverge da expressão portuguesa, e o da prática lexicográfica, que, com base no primeiro, tipifica certos vocábulos. O trabalho é elaborado a partir de revisão bibliográfica que remonta aos primeiros registros de brasileirismos na literatura, bem como da análise pontual de obras lexicográficas modernas. Um aspecto comum a todas as concepções de brasileirismo discutidas ao longo deste artigo é o aspecto que particulariza o português brasileiro (PB) em relação ao português europeu (PE), embora haja divergência quanto à questão das origens etimológicas dessas formações. Em vez de considerar esse fato problemático, este artigo conclui que a profusão de origens (e.g., ameríndia, africana, portuguesa) é uma das características fundamentais dos brasileirismos. Adicionalmente, este artigo resgata as contribuições de Mário de Andrade ao tema, a partir de sua visão particular de brasileirismos, com base em sua Gramatiquinha. A noção de brasileirismo é, então, estendida, de modo a abarcar, além de vocábulos, diversas outras construções e estratégias linguísticas, de diferentes origens, que, não obstante, seriam típicas do PB. Finalmente, a contribuição deste trabalho reside no convite a buscar uma história para o conceito de brasileirismo, a redescobri-lo e a pensar sobre quais estruturas e tendências do PB contemporâneo poderiam ser investigadas no âmbito dessa categoria.
eHealth Spare Parts as a Service: Modular eHealth Solutions and Medical Device Reform
Authors: Purtova Nadezhda
Published: December 2016

eHealth Platform as a Service (‘PaaS’) is an innovative way to build mHealth apps out of cloud-based generic components. Having examined the current and future regimes of safety and performance, this article concludes that the ‘selling features’ of the PaaS (outsourced creation and maintenance of cloud-based parts for easy mHealth-building) undermine legal compliance, and the reform will not change this significantly. Although no safety and performance requirements apply yet to consumer eHealth, the medical apps are regulated. Their manufacturers must ensure the final apps are safe, while not being in control of the parts composing the apps. Generic components not meant for a specific medical device and their providers are not subject to safety and performance requirements. Market will likely push PaaS providers to offer mHealth manufacturers tools to ensure and control safety and performance when medical apps are concerned. I foresee no such incentives for consumer mHealth.
UNE SEMANTIQUE OPERATOIRE DU TEMPS : APPLICATION AU CHINOIS
Authors: Renaud Francis
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we propose a formal system, directly implementable on computer, allowing a detailed analysis of temporal expressions. The use of fonctional language facilitates the construction of meaning representations, which takes into account the fuzziness of natural languages and the dynamical character of understanding process (as the dynamical processing of the reference point à la Kamp).
A Nonhydrostatic Multiscale Model on the Uniform Jacobian Cubed Sphere
Authors: Rančić Miodrag , Purser R. James , Jović Dušan , Vasic Ratko , Black Thomas
Published: December 2016

The rapid expansion of contemporary computers is expected to enable operational integrations of global models of the atmosphere at resolutions close to 1 km, using tens of thousands of processors in the foreseeable future. Consequently, the algorithmic approach to global modeling of the atmosphere will need to change in order to better adjust to the new computing environment. One simple and convenient solution is to use low-order finite-differencing models, which generally require only local exchange of messages between processing elements, and thus are more compatible with the new computing environment. These models have already been tested with physics and are well established at high resolutions over regional domains. A global nonhydrostatic model, the Nonhydrostatic Multiscale Model on the B grid (NMMB), developed at the Environmental Modeling Center of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction during the first decade of this century is one such model. A drawback of the original version of global NMMB is that it is discretized on the standard longitude–latitude grid and requires application of Fourier polar filtering, which is relatively inefficient on massively parallel computers. This paper describes a reformulation of the NMMB on the grid geometry of a novel cubed sphere featuring a uniform Jacobian of the horizontal mapping, which provides a uniform resolution close to that of the equiangular gnomonic cubed sphere, but with a smooth transition of coordinates across the edges. The modeling approach and encountered challenges are discussed and several results are shown that demonstrate the viability of the approach.
Dealing with crime, criminals and the criminal justice system through spirituality
Authors: Pandya Samta P
Published: December 2016

Based on a post-test experimental RCT study of 1,698 police officers across 15 countries, the objective is to study the influence of spirituality on their views on crime, criminals and the justice system, and its influence on perceived job stress and resilience building. Results of the structural equation models and path analysis showed that spiritual programmes influenced the treatment group police officers’ views on crime and the system and enabled building resilience. Variations were observed by country, religion, job profile and service duration. Findings build a case for spiritual training of the police officers interfacing with the domain of criminology.