bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of warm water foot bath therapy for stage two hypertension clients in the family context
Authors: Maria Dely
Published: June 2024

Hypertension is often regarded as a silent killer because the disease often causes no symptoms in the sufferers. This disease does not only need treatment, but family support is required to prevent and treat family members who are suffering. The objective of the study is to analyze the application of warm water for foot bath therapy to lower blood pressure in people suffering from hypertension. The design used is descriptive with case studies, through family nursing process. Monitoring of warm water foot bath was carried out for 3 days, before and after measuring the blood pressure Results: there was a decrease in blood pressure after 3 days of action. In family 1, the initial blood pressure was 160/90 mmHg, after 3 days of action it decreased to 145/85 mmHg. Family 2 before therapy 150/100 mmHg, decreased to 140/86 mmHg after soaking feet in warm water. The decrease in blood pressure observed in both families was more than 10 mmHg. The application of foot bath therapy using warm water which is carried out for 3 days, is effective in reducing blood pressure in hypertension cases. Suggestions are recommended for families and subjects to be able to apply independently warm water foot bath therapy and carry out routine blood pressure checks at the nearest healthcare facility.
Presentación del Dossier: La seguridad. Desafíos para los Estados y la comunidad internacional
Authors: Astroza Suárez Paulina
Published: June 2024

Presentación del Dossier.
VACINAÇÃO CONTRA A COVID-19 EM INDÍGENAS NO BRASIL
Authors: Saliba Tânia Adas , Alves Oliveira Julio Martinez , Chiba Fernando Yamamoto , Saliba Moimaz Suzely Adas
Published: June 2024

O objetivo foi valiar o impacto causado pela vacinação com o início da campanha de imunização em relação aos dados epidemiológicos da Covid-19 nos Distritos Sanitários Especiais Indígenas(DSEIs) de Mato Grosso em 2021 . Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, documental, quantitativo,   realizado de Janeiro a Julho de 2021. Foi efetuada uma análise documental dos dados epidemiológicos relacionados a Covid-19.As variáveis estudadas foram o número de indígenas que vivem em cada DSEI, número de vacinados por distrito, o número  de casos confirmados pela doença, a taxa de incidência, prevalência e o número de óbitos notificados após o início da vacinação em cada DSEI. Houve redução de 66% no número de casos e 82% no número de óbitos no período de 2020 à 2021, fato que pode ser atribuído as medidas de prevenção e  ao impacto da vacinação contra a doença nos  Distritos Sanitários Especiais Indígenas do estado de Mato Grosso.
İmâmiyye Şîası’nda Mehdî İnancının Kurumsallaşması ve Gaybet Döneminde Ortaya Çıkan Mehdîlik İddiaları
Authors: Bayram Aydın
Published: June 2024

Beklenen kurtarıcı anlayışı bazı farklılıklar olsa da çeşitli din ve kültürlerde bir olgu olarak vardır. İslam tarihinde Hz. Ali’den (öl. 40/661) sonraki süreçte teşekkül eden Şîa mezhebinde Hz. Ali ve onun evlatları imâmet doktrini çerçevesinde imam olarak nitelendirilmişlerdir. Kimi zaman politik kimi zaman da manevî liderlik atfettikleri imamların ölümünü kabullenmekte zorlanan mezhep mensupları, takip ettikleri imamın tekrar dünyaya geleceğine ve zulümle dolu olan yeryüzünü adaletle yöneteceğine inanmaktadırlar. Mezhebin günümüze ulaşan ana kollarından İmâmiyye Şîası’nda imâmet doktrini temel inanç esaslarından birisidir ve imâmet silsilesi on ikinci imam, Muhammed b. el-Hasan ile son bulmuştur. On ikinci imamın 260/874’te gaybete girmesinin ardından onun el-mehdî (hidayet olunmuş), el-muntazar (beklenen) unvanıyla bir gün gelip zulüm ile dolu olan dünyayı adalet ile yöneteceği anlayışı İsnâaşeriyye Şîası’nda önemli bir inanç esası haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, gaybet dönemi olarak adlandırılan süreçte Şîa içerisinden ortaya çıkan mehdîlik iddialarını kronolojik olarak incelemektedir. Özellikle İmâmiyye Şîası’nın yoğun olarak yaşadığı İran ve çevresinde kendisini beklenen kurtarıcı mehdî olarak ilan eden veya ilan edilen kişiler etrafında bazı mehdîlik hareketleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Hurûfilik, Müşaşa’a, Safevîlik, Bâbîlik ve Bahâîlik gibi mehdîlik fikri etrafında ortaya çıkan hareketler bu makalede ele alınmaktadır.
Erzurum’da Yaşayan Alevîlerin İman Esasları ile İlgili Kabulleri
Authors: Kılavuz Lokman , Şahin Hanifi
Published: June 2024

Bu araştırma Erzurum yöresinde yaşayan ve Alevî geleneğine mensup bireylerin iman esasları ile ilgili kabullerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nihai hedefe ulaşmak için çalışmamız nitel araştırma desenlerinden etnografi yöntemine göre tasarlanmıştır. Yöre Alevîleri arasında İslam dininin temel inançları konusunda literatürdeki klasik tasniften farklı olarak tevhid kavramı, Hak-Muhammed-Ali kavramı içerisindeki Hak ile, nübüvvet anlayışı Hz. Muhammed ile izah edilmiştir. Meleklere, kitaplara, ahirete ve kadere iman konusundaki yaklaşım genel anlayışla paralellik gösterse de Kur’an’ın otantikliği ve kaderin alın yazısı olarak yorumlanması gibi hususlardaki yaklaşımları yöre Alevîlerine özgüdür. Hak-Muhammed-Ali kavramındaki Ali’nin Hz. Muhammed’in damadı, velâyetin sahibi ve on iki imamın ilki olarak genel kabul görmesine rağmen Ali hakkında bazen aşırı düşüncelerin olduğu görülmüştür.
“Selefîlik ve Tarihî Arka Planı” Konulu İlmî İstişare Toplantısı
Authors: Yiğit Muhammed Sait
Published: June 2024

Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı'nın en yüksek karar ve danışma organı olan Din İşleri Yüksek Kurulu'nun görevlerinden biri de güncel dini oluşumları incelemektir. Güncel dini oluşumlar içerisinde varlığını en çok hissettiren dini hareketlerden biri de "Selefîlik" adıyla tezahür eden gruplardır. Ancak "Selefî" nitelendirmesi yahut "Selefî Akımı"nın kavramsal çerçevesi net bir zemine oturmamaktadır. Din İşleri Yüksek Kurulu bu problemi göz önünde bulundurarak Selefîliğin kavramsal çerçevesi, tasnifi, teolojisi ve bu olguya nasıl yaklaşılması gerektiğine dair tespit ve tekliflerin belirlenebilmesi için "Selefîlik ve Tarihi Arka Planı" başlıklı ilmî istişare toplantısı düzenlemiştir. 7-8 Aralık 2023 tarihlerinde gerçekleştirilen toplantıda "Selefîlik" konusu bu alanda ihtisas sahibi akademisyenler tarafından etraflıca ele alınmıştır. Bu yazı, mezkur toplantı hakkında ilim camiasına bir nebze de olsa bilgi sunma ve tanıtma amacı taşımaktadır.
Repensando a formação inicial docente para o Letramento Digital
Authors: De Lima Ferreira Faria Carolina , Bittencourt Luan Pazzini
Published: June 2024

A tecnologia transformou as relações sociais e revolucionou a forma com que o mundo se comunica, exigindo da educação uma nova forma de ensinar. A falta de preparo docente durante a pandemia evidenciou a necessidade de se repensar a formação inicial docente para o letramento digital. Neste estudo, analisamos os Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos (PPCs) de licenciatura, ofertados pelo Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais (IFSULDEMINAS), com intuito de identificar como o Letramento Digital e as Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDICs) estão inseridos em seus componentes curriculares. A ausência de disciplinas que promovem o desenvolvimento de um profissional crítico-reflexivo para o uso das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) demonstra como a tecnologia ainda é entendida sob um ponto de vista instrumental, evidenciando a necessidade de revisão dos currículos para uma formação direcionada e crítica.
O uso do blog como ferramenta potencializadora do ensino: um estudo sobre o “PP IFSULDEMINAS”
Authors: Andrade Rafaella , Rógora Kawano Diogo
Published: June 2024

A internet tem proporcionado diversas mudanças na sociedade. Responsável por promover, inicialmente, uma comunicação em massa, ela também passou a oferecer o blog, uma ferramenta de conteúdos simples que, ao longo do tempo, passou a ser vista como um instrumento potencializador do aprendizado nas instituições de ensino. Através de métodos de pesquisa como a entrevista em profundidade, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as possíveis contribuições do blog Produção Publicitária IF para o curso de Produção Publicitária do IFSULDEMINAS, obtendo como resultado a premissa de que o blog, não só tem aprimorado as habilidades, como também tem auxiliado os estudantes a aprenderem sobre várias áreas da comunicação.
ACERVO DE FILMES DISPONÍVEIS EM UMA PLATAFORMA DE STREAMING COMO POTENCIAL DIDÁTICO NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Freitas Marcelo , Nascimento Rodrigo
Published: June 2024

A presente pesquisa consiste na busca e análise de filmes localizados em uma plataforma de streaming, útilizado como recurso didático, especialmente nas disciplinas de ciências e biologia. O percurso metodológico partiu da exploração da plataforma Netflix, seguida pela procura de obras cinematográficas do tipo animação, que abordassem algum conteúdo de ciências ou biologia, principalmente aqueles presentes na Base Nacional Comum Curricular. As obras foram assistidas e resumidas, focando nos pontos principais de cada narrativa. Apresenta-se como resultados os conteúdos que são abordados e podem ser trabalhados em sala de aula, quanto aos assuntos passiveis de discussão, tem-se a educação ambiental, ecologia, genética, imunologia, anatomia e fisiologia. Conclui-se, a existência e viabilidade de uma variedade de obras cinematográficas que podem ser utilizadas por docentes nas disciplinas em questão, tornando-se grande aliadas como recurso didático no processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
Cinema e Educação
Authors: Campanholo Vieira Gleison , Silva Nascimento Rodrigo , Bittencourt Luan Pazzini
Published: June 2024

Em um mundo midiatizado, o cinema, desde o seu surgimento no século XIX, permite que o ser humano absorva e reflita sobre aquilo que está sendo transmitido na tela. Histórias baseadas em fatos reais, narrativas fantasiosas, documentários, dentre outros, fizeram com que os filmes transpassassem o limiar de uma arte passiva, para assumirem um tipo de cultura massiva, capaz de chegar a diversos públicos, sendo utilizado também como uma possível forma de auxiliar na educação. Desse modo, a partir de um estudo qualitativo, buscou-se entender de que maneira os filmes podem ser utilizados como ferramenta educacional em sala de aula no ensino médio, analisando pesquisas publicadas na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), seguindo a temática Cinema e Educação, compreendendo o período de 2018 a 2022. A partir da análise, pode-se constatar que a utilização do cinema como forma de apoio aos conteúdos da base curricular se revela de suma importância, oferecendo uma abordagem inovadora e envolvente no processo de aprendizagem.
O PROJETO EPTV NA ESCOLA E A TENTATIVA DE EDUCAR E FIDELIZAR O PÚBLICO JOVEM À MÍDIA TRADICIONAL
Authors: Vizibeli Danilo , Araújo Castro Rafael
Published: June 2024

Apesar do avanço avassalador das mídias digitais, a tradicional TV aberta brasileira ainda exerce influência na sociedade e, em muitas situações, é a principal fonte de informação e educação para milhões de pessoas. Há 24 anos, a rede de TV regional EPTV - Emissoras Pioneiras de Televisão - afiliada à Rede Globo de Televisão - desenvolve o projeto EPTV na Escola, um concurso de redação para estudantes do último ano do ensino fundamental. Diante das transformações sofridas pelos meios de comunicação, em que se observa uma tendência do público jovem a consumir conteúdo pelas plataformas digitais, propõe-se analisar - a partir da contextualização da Educomunicação como um campo da Ciência da Comunicação - concordando ou refutando, se o projeto supracitado pode ser considerado uma prática eficiente de educomunicação, em que os alunos são estimulados a desenvolver a escrita em sala de aula e, ao mesmo tempo, incentivados a acompanhar a programação da EPTV, veículo tradicional da TV aberta, que propõe o tema da redação com base em assuntos da atualidade. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, questiona-se: Houve aumento ou queda da adesão das escolas participantes nos últimos anos? As reportagens produzidas pela emissora sobre o tema da redação atingem esse público apenas pela transmissão tradicional ou também por outras plataformas midiáticas? O estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a partir de relatórios e outros documentos fornecidos pela emissora. Serão analisados o regulamento oficial do projeto, a reportagem exibida sobre o tema proposto para a edição de 2023, relatórios de audiência encomendados pelo Grupo EP e relatórios fornecidos pelo projeto com o número de escolas e estudantes participantes ao longo dos anos. Para fundamentar a discussão, ancora-se teoricamente nos pressupostos do campo da Educomunicação por meio dos estudos de Soares (2002), Moran (1994), Citelli (2004), Setton (2010) e Schaun (2002).
CINE EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Oliveira de Jesus Lucas , Frezza Pisa Licia
Published: June 2024

A Lei Federal Nº 13.006/2014 estabelece a obrigatoriedade de reservar duas horas mensais para a exibição de cinema brasileiro nas escolas de ensino básico. No entanto, a aplicação efetiva dessa legislação tem suscitado questionamentos quanto à sua viabilidade. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a adesão a essa lei em escolas públicas regulares do município de Passos (MG) por meio de pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa survey, foi aplicado um questionário eletrônico com diretores e coordenadores pedagógicos, visando realizar um diagnóstico abrangente sobre a aplicabilidade da referida lei. Os resultados revelaram um notável desconhecimento da legislação e evidenciaram carências estruturais que comprometem sua efetiva implementação. Com base nesses resultados, foi desenvolvido um material didático, como um instrumento de formação continuada destinado aos professores.  Além disso, foi elaborado um diagnóstico da aplicação da lei, com o propósito de servir como guia para melhorias no âmbito das autoridades educacionais, municipais e estaduais.
Project-Based Learning on Critical Thinking Skills in Science Learning: Meta-analysis
Authors: Ramadhani Wulan Suci , Azizah Utiya , Nasrudin Harun
Published: July 2024

The development of information technology and the environment constitutes one of the most difficult challenges facing the 20th century. Quality education plays a crucial and strategic role in building quality human resources. We need to teach critical thinking to today's students. Critical thinking skills can be improved if the project-based learning model is applied to science education. The research method used was a literature review of relevant articles for five years (2019-2023). The systematic literature review process involves three stages: article search, research article filtering and selection analysis. Using Cohen's formula, the researchers have estimated the effect size. In the light of this study, the practical application of the project based learning method, Project Based Learning, aims to improve critical thinking skills in science education. Twenty research articles show that critical thinking skills essential to science education can be improved using Project Based Learning instruction.
Türkçede içinde İlgecinin Çokanlamlılık Görünümleri: Bilişsel Dilbilim Çerçevesinde Bir İnceleme
Authors: Gündoğdu Ayşe Eda
Published: June 2024

Biçim ile anlamı tümleşik ve bağıntısal bir şemaya yerleştiren bilişsel dilbilim, çokanlamlılığı dilin doğal ve içkin bir özelliği olarak değerlendirmektedir. Böylece geleneksel görüşte dilbilgisel düzlemde incelenen işlev sözcükleri de farklı dinamikler üzerinden anlam temelli bir perspektifle araştırma konusu yapılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı içinde ilgecinin çokanlamlılık görünümlerini bilişsel dilbilim paradigması çerçevesinde imge şematik dönüşümler, uzanımlar ve metaforik yapılanmalar kapsamında sahnelerarası ilişkilerle ortaya koymaktır. Betimsel bir niteliğe sahip araştırmanın veriseti, ilgecin bağlamsal görünümlerini kapsayan, Türkçe Ulusal Derlemi 3.0 derlem sorgusu aracılığıyla elde edilmiş 3500 bağımlı dizinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma konusu ilgecin kapsama öntür uzanımıyla bağıntılı dört farklı imge şeması dönüşümüne uğradığı, bununla birlikte dört farklı periferik uzanıma sahip olduğu, ayrıca imge şemalarına metaforik yorumların da eklenmesiyle farklı anlamsal ağların elde edildiği ulaşılan önemli sonuçlar arasındadır.
Chaotic oscillations in microwave and low-frequency circuits of the Gunn diode generator
Authors: Usanov Dmitrij ,   Saratov State University, Venig Sergej , Gorbatov Sergej , Trufakin Eduard ,   Saratov State University,   Saratov State University,   Saratov State University
Published: July 2024

The results of experimental and theoretical researches of operation features of the Gunn diode microwave generator, in which the feedback circuit contains inertial nonlinearity as а connection of the detector and phase-shifting circuit, are presented. It is shown, that there can be chaotic oscillations in а low-frequency circuit of such generator. When the chaotic oscillations in a feedback circuit are excited, spectral line of microwave radiation is widened, and its width is less then frequency band magnitude of a chaotic generation in a feedback circuit.
Neglect in Nursing Homes: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Khalili Zahra , Jafarizadeh Mina , Mohammadi Soudabeh , Molaei Behnam , Ebrahimi Belil Fatemeh
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Neglect refers to the failure to meet the needs and well-being of elderly individuals. This can include inadequate care by responsible caregivers or a lack of essential necessities such as food, water, shelter, personal hygiene, medication, comfort, and safety. Despite the prevalence of neglect, no studies have specifically investigated its occurrence and related factors among elderly residents in nursing homes in Iran. In this study, we aimed to address this gap by examining neglect among older adults covered by state welfare centers in Ardabil city (Iran) in 2020.
 
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study involving 130 older people in Ardabil, located in northwestern Iran. Our data collection tool consisted of a two-part questionnaire: one section focused on demographic information and the Elder Neglect Checklist. Participants were selected through a census from older adults residing in nursing homes. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 22).
 
Results: Among the 130 participants, 56 (43.08%) were male, and 74 (56.92%) were female. The overall prevalence of neglect was 39.2%. Dental problems were the most common type of neglect (36.2%), followed by neglect related to providing a healthy environment (24.6%). Additionally, our findings revealed significant associations between neglect and marital status (p = 0.001), previous occupation (p = 0.002), and a history of illness (p = 0.046).
 
Conclusion: The study highlights a concerning rate of neglect among elderly individuals, posing serious risks to their health and security. To address this issue, health and welfare officials, along with nursing homes, should implement necessary measures to improve the well-being of older adults and align with international standards.
Awareness: the Golden Key to Understanding Healthcare Seeking Behavior among Elderly Hypertensive Patients in Taft, Iran
Authors: Pirouz Mandana , Shavazi Masoumeh Abbasi , Jambarsang Sara , Alimondegari Maliheh , Mirzaei Mohsen
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Healthcare seeking behavior is crucial for early detection and proper management of hypertension in the elderly. This study investigated the factors influencing healthcare seeking behavior among elderly hypertensive patients residing in Taft, Iran.
 
Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 230 hypertensive individuals aged 60 and above residing in Taft, Yazd Province, Iran. Participants were randomly selected and completed a questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire assessed their healthcare seeking behaviors and potential influencing factors. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Correlation tests and linear regression analysis were employed to identify significant relationships (p < 0.05).
 
Results: A significant majority (70%) of participants reported always paying attention to symptoms of high blood pressure. When experiencing symptoms, over half (53.9%) of the participants indicated a preference for visiting health centers, general practitioners' offices, or emergency departments. Among the factors studied, awareness (B = 0.228) emerged as the most significant positive predictor of healthcare seeking behavior (p < 0.05). Other positive influences included decision-making autonomy (B = 0.177), prior experience with healthcare services (B = 0.131), and social support (B = 0.131) – all statistically significant at p < 0.05. Conversely, barriers to healthcare seeking had a negative and significant impact (B = - 0.064, p < 0.05). Collectively, the investigated factors explained 23% of the variation observed in healthcare seeking behavior among the elderly participants (R2 = 0.23).
 
Conclusion: This study identified awareness of hypertension as the strongest predictor of healthcare seeking behavior in elderly patients. Additionally, providing accessible and supportive healthcare services can further encourage elderly hypertensive patients to seek necessary care.
Depression, Perfectionism, and Hypertension in the Elderly: A Path Analysis Examining Worry, Ambiguity Tolerance, and Problem-Solving
Authors: Ghorbanalipour Masood , Alilou Shahla , Babalou Kosar , Akbarlou Nika
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Hypertension is a prevalent condition among the elderly, significantly contributing to the burden of cardiovascular disease and related complications. This study examined how depression and perfectionism influence hypertension  in older adults. It also explored how worry, tolerance for ambiguity, and problem-solving skills might influence this relationship.
 
Methods: Researchers recruited 192 participants with hypertension from a health center in Khoy city, Urmia, Iran. Participants completed questionnaires that assessed depression, perfectionism, worry, ambiguity tolerance, and problem-solving skills. Statistical methods were used to analyze the data and identify relationships between these factors and hypertension.
 
Results: Depression, perfectionism, worry, and ambiguity tolerance were all significantly associated with hypertension. Interestingly, problem-solving skills were not linked to blood pressure. Further analysis revealed that worry played a reinforcing role in the link between depression/perfectionism and hypertension, while ambiguity tolerance had a protective effect. In other words, higher worry levels strengthened the association between depression/perfectionism and high blood pressure, while greater tolerance for ambiguity lessened this association.
 
Conclusion: These findings suggest that emotional factors like worry and intolerance for ambiguity can significantly impact blood pressure in older adults.  Therefore, managing these emotions alongside depression and perfectionistic tendencies may be crucial for controlling hypertension.
A Short Survey and Critical Review of the Paper “Quarantines of Iran in the End of Ghajar and the Beginning of Pahlavi Era”
Authors: Jahanian Aliyeh , Aghayali Amir , Orimi Jamal Rezaei
Published: June 2024

Quarantine has a long history in Iran. The spread of epidemic diseases led to the creation of quarantine establishments in Iran. During the Qajar period, quarantine was taken into consideration, and at the end of the 19th century, quarantine establishments were developed in the borders of Iran. Accordingly, in recent years, much research has been conducted on quarantine. The present study aimed to introduce and criticize the paper entitled, “Quarantines of Iran in the End of Ghajar and the Beginning of Pahlavi Era” by Kasiri and Dehghannejad. This analytical-critical study was conducted using library resources to introduce and evaluate the aforementioned paper. The text of the article is coherent and integrated and indicates the authors’ efforts to identify the problems and obstacles to implementing quarantine in Iran. Concerning the structure of the article, there are instances of inappropriate referencing, writing errors, and ambiguity in the scope and limits. Moreover, the failure to mention the effects of World War I on the severity of communicable diseases and quarantine and the vagueness of the prevalence of infectious diseases can be among the criticisms of the content and methodology. Although the abovementioned paper could present a new approach to the history of Quarantine in Iran in the Qajar and Pahlavi eras for the scholars of the history of medicine, it suffers from several structural, content, and methodological flaws. Therefore, given the importance of criticism in scientific studies and according to the analysis of this paper, the results could help enhance the quality of studies and scientific productions in this field.
Pathology of Nomenclature of Compounded Drugs in Persian Medicine Based on Gharabadin- e- Salehi, Gharabadin-e- Kabeer, and Gharabadin-e-Azam
Authors: Zare Farzaneh , Ayati Mohammad Hossein , Shams-Ardekani Mohammad Reza , Baghbani Mohsen
Published: June 2024

Drug title is one of the important tools for recognizing and evaluating a combination drug and also analyzing its content. However, sometimes due to the existence of problems that is considered a kind of pathology in this field, is tarnished. The present study tries to identify the problems of nomenclature of compounded drugs. The names of combination drugs available in this research have been collected from three books in traditional pharmacy, namely Gharabadin-e-Salehi, Gharabadin-e- Kabeer, and Gharabadin-e- Azam, related to 18th and 19th centuries. The results showed that there are 5 major problems in nomenclature of compounded drugs: (1) several names for one drug with various formulations, (2) one name for drugs with various formulations, (3) a great deal of variation in unnamed drugs, (4) some unknown pharmaceutical dosage forms, and (5) being dosage forms at one with route of administration and mechanism of action. The study exposes combination drugs in Persian medicine have named concerning various patterns. For this reason, there is non-cooperation that feels a need to special investigation.
Ethical Management of Error Detection in Histopathologic DiagnosisEthical Management of Error Detection in Histopathologic Diagnosis
Authors: Momeni Nafiseh , Alaeddini Mojgan , Etemad-Moghadam Shahroo
Published: June 2024

Various decision-making dilemmas arise for clinician in their practice, and one such dilemma involves dealing with medical or dental errors. Despite efforts to minimize errors and prevent harm to patients, complications arising from diagnostic or therapeutic mistakes can sometimes be irreversible. In such situations, it is crucial for dentists to engage in ethical encounters with their patients and investigate the root cause of the error. In this study, an approach was suggested for the management of detection of diagnostic error in pathology using the World Dental Federation ethical decision-making model.
Bioethics, Emerging Biotechnologies, and Society: Providing an Ethical Framework for Assessing Emerging Biotechnologies
Authors: Bahmani Fatemeh , Noroozi Mahshad , Kolahchi Narjes , Ghanei Mostafa
Published: June 2024

Emerging biotechnologies contribute significantly to societal well-being by influencing social, economic, and health fields. Attitudes toward biotechnologies differ, in various situations and over time, based on new understanding and evidence. One issue always emphasized in the ethical evaluation of emerging technologies is their dangerous and problematic aspects for human life and well-being. Simultaneously, ethical assumptions can influence ethical decision-making toward employing these technologies, including liberty, technological optimism, determinism, the lifecycle, power, the form of life, technology neutrality, ambiguity, uncertainty, dual-use transformative potential, and the challenges that will be raised by them. For the ethical assessment of emerging technology, six principal methodologies are employed. The "principles-based approach" focuses on obtaining the intended goals rather than determining specific requirements, laws, standards, and obligations and avoids checklist design. The ethical principles raised by the principles-based approach are presented in this article, including risk-cost-benefit, adherence to individual rights, sustainability, naturalness, precautionary, trajectory, responsible stewardship, public beneficence, justice and fairness, democratic deliberation, and intellectual freedom.Finally, by presenting a conceptual model in applying the principles above in forming biotechnologies, eighteen operational recommendations are presented to facilitate the ethical evaluation and monitoring of emerging biotechnologies in the policy-making process in Iran.
Designing a Structural Model for Academic Cheating in Medical Students Based on Moral Metacognition, Moral Identity, and Moral Potency
Authors: Ghaffari Mozaffar , Esmali Ahmad , Abdolmanafi Vahid , Aligolipour Mahtab
Published: June 2024

The prevalence of academic cheating in educational centers and institutions leads to inefficiency and incapacity of graduates. Accordingly, the current study aimed to design a structural model for academic cheating in medical students based on moral metacognition, moral identity, and moral potency. This correlational study was done using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included the students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2022, and 350 students were selected for the study using simple random sampling method. Data were collected through the Academic Cheating Scale (ACS) (Parks-Leduc, Guay and Mulligan, 2022), Moral Metacognition Scale (McMahon and Good, 2016), Moral Identity Questionnaire (MIQ) (Black & Reynolds, 2016), and Moral Potency Questionnaire (Hannah and Avolio, 2010). Data were analyzed using Bootstrap, Sobel, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient tests via SPSS and AMOS, version 24. The results indicated that the direct effect of moral potency (-0.34), moral identity (-0.25), and moral metacognition (-0.29) was significant on estimating academic cheating in students. The indirect effect of moral identity (-1.97) and moral metacognition (-2.06) with the mediating role of moral potency on students’ academic cheating was significant. Considering the mediating effect of moral potency in the academic cheating model, it seems that moral potency plays a role in increasing the effects of moral metacognition and moral identity on reducing academic cheating.
Contribution to the experimental and theoretical study of the behavior of soil-structure interfaces
Authors: Benalia Saliha , Benchiekh Boubaker , Zeghichi Leila
Published: July 2024

Designing civil engineering works often requires taking into consideration the contact and interface conditions between the soil and structure. These may refer to the discontinuity surfaces between the soil and a structure such as foundations, geotechnical works, and others. Current research aims to improve the calculation methods for structures through a better understanding of the behavior of materials and interfaces. The present work falls into this context. It involves two parts. The main purpose of the first part is to present the results of the monotonic and cyclic soil-structure interface tests which were carried out using a modified direct shear box apparatus. The tests were conducted using a local material, namely the sand from the town of Messâad in the Wilaya of Djelfa (Algeria), in accordance with a constant normal stress path. In addition, a parametric study, dealing with the effect of density, interface roughness, and type of adhesive used on the behavior of the interfaces, was carried out as well. As for the second part, it primarily aims to validate the Modjoin interface model, which was developed at the Lille Mechanical Laboratory, based on the tests that were carried out in the first part. It is important to know that this model includes the main concepts used in soil modeling, such as isotropic hardening, characteristic state, critical state, softening, and others. Moreover, several validation tests are also presented in this work in order to describe the behavior of the soil-structure interface under monotonic loading to assess the performance of the model.
C/N/CeO2/Alpha-Fe2O3 Doped Mesoporous Carbon as A Photocatalyst Material for Hydrogen Gas Production by Water Splitting Method
Authors: Anaqah Nabilah Dita , Rahman Reca Ardiyanti , Mulyanto Mintang , Alexander Lioz , Ayu Lestari Andi Fitri , Subagyo Riki , Kusumawati Yuly
Published: June 2024

This study focuses on hydrogen production through a water-splitting photocatalytic reaction using solar energy and an additional semiconductor material C/N/CeO2/α-Fe2O3 as a photocatalyst. The semiconductor material C/N/CeO2/α-Fe2O3 underwent thorough characterization via FTIR, FESEM-EDX, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, and UV-Vis-DRS analysis. Subsequently, photocatalytic activity tests were conducted to measure hydrogen production levels for varying weight percentages of C/N/CeO2/α-Fe2O3, including 0%, 10%, and 15 mass% of the C/N component. Results showed that the material with 0% variation produced 2.21 μmol/gram of hydrogen gas (1 hour) and 17.58 μmol/gram (after 3 hours), while the 10% variation yielded 4.52 μmol/gram (1 hour) and 19.08 μmol/gram (after 3 hours). These findings suggest that the C/N/CeO2/α-Fe2O3 material containing 10% C/N may offer the most optimal performance as a photocatalyst for hydrogen production.
İş Stresinin Kendini Kurgulama Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Mutluluğun Rolü
Authors: Örücü Edip , Hasırcı Itır , Zeybek Fatma
Published: June 2024

Hangi çalışan kendini mutlu hissetmek istemez ki? Bu araştırma iş gören mutluluğunun önemine işaret etmek için hazırlanmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, iş stresinin kendini kurgulama davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde mutluluğun aracılık rolünü tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın evrenini, Balıkesir ilinde faaliyette bulunan yaklaşık 900 iş göreni olan 400 yiyecek ve içecek işletmesi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi bu sektörde çalışmakta olan 270 kişidir. Araştırmanın verileri anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Toplanan verilerin analizi için frekans analizi, güvenilirlik analizi, keşfedici faktör analizi, normallik testi, korelasyon analizi ve hiyerarşik regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Korelasyon analizinin neticesinde; iş stresi ile kendini kurgulama davranışı arasında zayıf ve anlamlı bir ilişki, iş stresi ile mutluluk arasında negatif ve anlamlı bir ilişki, kendini kurgulama davranışı ile mutluluk arasında negatif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. İş görenlerin iş stresi seviyeleri arttıkça kendini kurgulama davranışlarının arttığı, kendini kurgulama davranışları arttıkça ise mutluluk düzeylerinin azaldığı görülmüştür. Yapılan hiyerarşik regresyon analizinin sonucunda, iş görenlerin görev yaptıkları işletmelerde yaşadıkları iş stresinin kendini kurgulama davranışı üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiş, bu etkide mutluluğun tam aracılık rolü bulunmuştur.
Social Policies as a Tool of Migration Control: the case of Switzerland
Authors: Gago Angie
Published: June 2024

Many governments use social policies as a tool of post-entry migration control, but we still do not know their impact on the life chances of migrants. To fill this gap, this article examines the impact of social policies as a tool of migration control on the life chances of migrants in Switzerland. The data suggest that the new amendments to the Foreign Nationals Act (2019), which provide for the downgrading or revocation of residence permits in case of dependence on social assistance, may have had three main consequences for migrants: delays in procedures, fear and non-take-up of social benefits, and new obstacles to family reunification.
Effect of Seed Biopriming on Growth, Yield and Economics of Rabi Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) in Rainfed Condition of Balasore District of Odisha
Authors: Jena N.K. , Giri P.M. , Jena M.K. , Behera K. , Patra A. , Sahu S.
Published: June 2024

Background: Green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is the 3rd major pulse crop of India but low yield in green gram largely due to the use of poor quality seed in rainfed condition, inadequate crop management and cultivation in inhospitable soils. Seed priming with biofertilizers recorded better germination, crop growth and seed yield in pulse crops. The present trial was conducted to study the efficacy of seed treatment with different biofertilizers on growth and yield of green gram. Methods: The present study was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Balasore (OUAT) at Ganja and Basulidiga village of Basta block of Balasore district during Rabi 2021 and 2022. The trial was carried out through randomized block design consisting of four treatments viz. T1: Farmer practice (hydro priming); T2: Biopriming with liquid Rhizobium 5%; T3: Biopriming with liquid PSB 5% and T4: Biopriming with Pseudomonas 5%, replicated seven times. Growth attributes, yield components, yield and economics were studied. Result: The results of the trial revealed that, biopriming with liquid Rhizobium 5% produced the highest plant height, number of nodule per plant and seed yield values during the year 2021 and 2022 than biopriming with PSB, Pseudomonas and control. The Study helps to improve the seed quality with the help of seed priming treatments which is cost effective for the farmer.
Mathematics teaching efficacy belief of preschool teachers of Hawassa city in Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Tewodros
Published: July 2024

The ability of a teacher to plan and carry out the required actions to achieve desired results is known as teacher effectiveness. Although views and subject matter expertise, particularly when teaching mathematics, are key determinants in teachers' ability to teach pupils effectively. This study uses the Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (MTEBI), adapted and translated into Ethiopian Amharic, to ascertain preschool teachers' efficacy views towards early math teaching in Hawassa City. Participants in the research were teachers who work in both public and private preschools in Hawassa City. Forty-four preschool teachers participated in the data collection. The results showed that there is a low belief in the efficacy of teaching early math, and the majority of participants were unsure or uncertain about teaching early math effectively. There was no significant difference among KG teachers' efficacy beliefs on teaching beforehand early math in their time of experience. Also, there was a significant difference between private and public preschool teachers’ efficacy beliefs in teaching early math.
Keywords: belief; efficacy; kindergarten teacher; math; teaching
Short term step-reduction induces mitochondrial impairments which are not restored after reambulation, in habitually active adults
Authors: Shashidharan Medha , Hodson Nathan , Joanisse Sophie , Sprung Victoria S. , Wilding John P.H. , Kemp Graham J. , Cuthbertson Daniel J. , Bowden Davies Kelly A.
Published: June 2024

Inactivity causes physiological impairments to skeletal muscle mitochondria and disrupts metabolic homeostasis, which has predominantly been investigated through models of severe disuse. The impacts of less-restrictive inactivity through step-reduction (SR) suggests a decline in markers of mitochondrial content without a loss of function (Edwards et al. [2021]. J Appl Physiol, 131, 1653-1662). However, the impact of varying durations of SR and reambulation (RA) on skeletal muscle oxidative capacity are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of 14 days of SR, followed by 14 days of RA on markers of mitochondrial content and function, and also explore correlations between these markers. A cohort of 12 habitually active adults were studied from previous research (Bowden Davies et al. [2018]. Diabetologica, 61, 1282-1294), for which ethical approval was obtained from NRES Committee North West – Liverpool Central (REC:14/NW/1147). Skeletal muscle biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis were obtained at baseline (BSL), after SR and following RA, which were analysed through immunoblotting/calorimetric assays for markers of mitochondrial content (citrate synthase (CS) activity) and function (OXPHOS, PDH and CPT1A). In vivo mitochondrial function tests using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) was conducted in a subset of 7 participants. Markers of mitochondrial content and function were significantly reduced following SR (15-34% lower; low to medium effect size 0.3-0.5; COX I (P = 0.009), COX III (P = 0.03), COX IV (P = 0.03), 31P-MRS (P = 0.04)). COX III (P = 0.01) and 31P-MRS (P = 0.03) were lower after RA when compared to BSL. Although not significant, other markers of mitochondrial content and enzymes involved in glucose and fatty acid oxidation were numerically lower after SR (CS activity 17% lower, PDH 23% lower, CPT1A 15% lower). The changes in several complexes of OXPHOS, PDH and CPT1A were positively correlated with CS activity (r2= 0.35 to 0.53, P < 0.05) and 31P-MRS (r2 = 0.46 to 0.76, P < 0.05). The results suggest that a short term reduction in physical activity causes impairments to both mitochondrial content and function which are not completely restored after RA, although further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms that underpin these changes. The findings highlight the deleterious physiological consequences of just reducing physical activity, which manifests as metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes in the long run. This prompts for the revision of physical activity guidelines to include the importance of minimising sedentary time.
The prevalence and factors associated with knee pain in a sample of cyclists within the United Kingdom: A cross sectional study
Authors: Braybrooke Alex , Cooper Dale
Published: June 2024

The study aimed to determine: (i) the lifetime and period prevalence of knee pain, (ii) the prevalence and nature of medical attention cycling- related injuries, (iii) and the risk factors associated with knee pain and in a sample of competitive and non-competitive cyclists in the UK. A cross-sectional questionnaire was used to collect data on knee pain, medical attention injuries, and potential risk factors associated with knee pain. Participants were competitive and non-competitive cyclists aged 18 years and older and were recruited through cycling clubs and online advertisement. Binary logistic regression was used to assess for potential risk factors associated with knee pain. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were reported in staged adjustment models, controlling for potential confounders of age and sex. Keele University Ethics Committee approved this study. A total of 115 respondents completed the questionnaire. Lifetime knee pain prevalence was 48%, with period prevalence 26.1% (past-month) and 18.3% (past-week). Aged 40 and over was the only factor found to be associated with knee pain, although this was no longer significant after adjustment for sex. The most prevalent site and type of injury was the lower back and fracture (traumatic), respectively. Knee pain prevalence is high in this sample of cyclists, particularly in those aged 40 years and over. Injury prevention strategies should target the lower back and fractures. Longitudinal research is needed to identify if there are modifiable risk factors that may reduce the occurrence of both knee pain and traumatic fractures in cyclists.
The effect of programmed resistance training on the muscle myofibrillar proteome
Authors: Rudhun Lihnam Martina , Aaron Thomas , Stead Connor , Hesketh Stuart , Sutherland Hazel , Burniston Jatin , Jarvis Johnathan
Published: June 2024

Resistance training increases muscle size but little is known about the dynamic processes that underpin the gains in muscle mass. We investigated rat muscle during 30 days of unilateral programmed resistance training (PRT) using the stable isotope (deuterium oxide; D2O) in vivo and proteomics. Three-month-old, male Wistar rats (body weight 348 ± 20 g) were assigned to four groups (n = 4, in each), including a control group and experimental groups that received D2O for 10, 20 or 30 days. Under ethically approved procedures, deuterium was administered, and a stimulating device was surgically implanted to activate the left peroneal nerve and cause maximal contraction of the dorsiflexors (inc. tibialis anterior; TA) and partial contraction of the plantar flexors. PRT consisted of 1 bout per day of 5 sets of 10 repetitions (1 repetition consisted of 2 s stimulation at 100 Hz with 2 s rest between repetitions and 2.5 min between sets). One hour after the final training bout (i.e. day 10, 20, or 30) animals were killed and the left (stimulated) and right (contralateral control) TA were extracted and weighed. Muscles were fractionated into myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic components. Protein content was calculated via Bradford assay and proteomic analysis of myofibrillar proteins was conducted via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of peptide digests. Statistical analysis was conducted using R (v4.3.2.) and functional annotation was performed using the STRING database. Two-way mixed ANOVA was used to investigate differences between condition (stimulated vs contralateral control) and time (0, 10, 20, or 30 days). The protein content of stimulated TA increased (P < 0.05) from 0.579 ± 0.05 mg at day zero to 1.096 ± 0.15 mg after 30 days of PRT, whereas the protein content of control TA (0.618 ± 0.04 mg) was consistent across the 30-day experimental period. Proteomic analysis encompassed 244 proteins and the abundance of 45 proteins exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) interaction between condition and time. Stimulated muscle was enriched in mitochondrial enzymes. For example, the beta-subunit of ATPase synthase (ATPB) increased from 14.6 ± 4.5 to 74 ± 15.6 μg in stimulated TA and was 17 ± 5 in control TA. PRT also increased the abundance of neonatal myosin heavy chain (MYH8), four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 1 (FHL1) and muscular LMNA interacting protein (MLIP). These findings suggest the energy requirements of daily PRT are met by mitochondrial metabolism and PRT may be associated with activation of the muscle developmental programme.
APAKAH MANAJEMEN LABA TERMASUK KECURANGAN ? ANALISIS LITERATUR
Authors: Kurniawansyah Deddy
Published: July 2024

Many maintain that earnings management is harmful. This literature study explains and describe the issue from the outside perspective of earnings management. This research method used qualitative with literature study. The results of this study are Earnings management is not a fraud. Fraud is an “act ofcriminal deception” or a “deceitfulbehavior which may be punished by law”. Earnings management is within legitimate constraints, implying that the deviation of reported earnings from underlying or economic earnings due to earnings management is legitimate or authorized by accounting standards and corporate laws.The results of this study contribute as add to the treasury of financial accounting literature, especially accounting theory. The results of this research have important implication for regulators and lawmakers. Regulators tend to regardearnings management as harmful and in the need ofimmediate remedial action.