bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol Berbasis Programmable Logic Controller pada Greenhouse
Authors: Arman Muhammad , Sutandi Tandi , Susilawati Susilawati , Hidayat Gina Sonia
Published: November 2021

Greenhouse adalah sebuah bangunan untuk membudidayakan tanaman, parameter didalamnya dapat diatur sesuai dengan kebutuhan tumbuh kembang tanaman. Di Indonesia masih banyak sistem greenhouse yang dikontrol secara manual. Sistem greenhouse ini menggunakan programmable logic controller yang digabungkan dengan arduino uno sebagai driver sensor electrical conductivity dan pH. Parameter yang dikontrol pada sistem ini yaitu: pH, electrical conductivity, temperatur, dan level tanki. Aktuator yang digunakan untuk sistem ini adalah pompa air dan motor agitator. Sistem ini juga mengitegrasikan LCD untuk menampilkan nilai pH, electrical conductivity dan temperatur, sehingga memudahkan pengamatan. Hasil dari pengujian sistem untuk nilai EC kurang dari 1,5 pompa nutrisi A dan B menyala sampai nilai electrical conductivity mencapai 1,5. Pompa asam menyala jika nilai pH lebih dari 7 dan mati jika pH kurang dari. Pompa penyiraman menyala pada pukul 6 pagi sampai pukul 6 sore atau ketika temperatur greenhouse lebih dari 26o C.
TEKNOLOGI ROBOT KAWANAN (SWARM ROBOTICS) UNTUK MISI PENCARIAN DAN PERTOLONGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mukhlish Faqihza , Page John , Bain Michael
Published: November 2021

Efektivitas tahap operasi pada misi pencarian dan pertolongan (search and rescue mission, SAR) tergantung dari jumlah aset pencarian melingkupi daerah pencarian. Keterbatasan jumlah aset dan personel dalam melakukan misi SAR menjadi salah satu kendala dalam meliputi daerah pencarian yang luas. Untuk memberikan kontribusi dalam meningkatkan performansi tahap operasi pada misi SAR, kemungkinan aplikasi teknologi swarm, yang merupakan kelompok agen nirawak kolaboratif, akan dibahas pada artikel ini. Misi pencarian dan pertolongan semakin mendapat perhatian di Indonesia. Kondisi geografis wilayah Indonesia dan peningkatan transportasi serta frekuensi lalu lintas baik darat, air dan udara, menjadi faktor utama dalam melakukan perencanaan dan operasi misi pencarian dan pertolongan. Salah satu faktor yang menghambat misi pencarian adalah titik kecelakaan yang membutuhkan waktu untuk dijangkau dari markas sementara tim SAR. Dengan menggunakan teknologi swarm, waktu pencarian pada daerah musibah dapat dikurangi dan dapat membantu tim pencarian melingkupi daerah pencarian yang lebih luas. Teknologi swarm yang terinspirasi dari kelakuan kelompok hewan sosial mampu bekerja tanpa awak, memiliki desentralisasi kendali, dan mampu menjalankan misi secara kolektif. Bagaimana aplikasi teknologi swarm secara khusus untuk misi pencarian dan pertolongan dibahas pada artikel ini beserta dengan skenario-skenario terkait.
TRANSFER DAYA NIRKABEL DENGAN KOPLING INDUKSI RESONANSI
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Budiman Dodi , Zamroni Muhammad Faisal
Published: November 2021

Transfer daya adalah hal yang sangat penting pada dunia elektronik. Metode transfer daya secara konvensional adalah dengan menggunakan kabel sebagai media transfernya. Tetapi seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, metode transfer daya secara konvensional ini mulai dianggap merepotkan. Metode transfer daya konvensional juga memiliki kendala pada saat beban elektronik terdapat pada lokasi yang sulit dijangkau, seperti alat medis yang diimplan kedalam tubuh makhluk hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat alat yang dapat mentransfer daya secara nirkabel. Alat yang dibuat terdiri dua bagian, yaitu pemancar dan penerima. Pemancar menggunakan rangkaian full-bridge inverter dengan antena pemancar terbuat dari lilitan kawat email dan kapasitor. Sedangkan penerima menggunakan antena penerima yang terdiri dari lilitan kawat email dan kapasitor dan rangkaian penyearah. Pengujian menggunakan lilitan dengan jumlah lilitan 13 putaran dan diameter kawat 0,5 mm dan 0,75 mm dan dengan jumlah lilitan 26 putaran dengan diameter kawat 0,5 mm . Hasil pengujian alat menunjukan bahwa dengan menggunakan kawat dengan 13 putaran dan diameter kawat 0,5 mm , frekuensi resonansi 200KHz dan pada jarak 1 cm didapatkan hasil transfer daya terbesar. Daya maksimal yang dapat ditransfer sebesar 1,764 watt, efisiensi sebesar 36,75%. Untuk memperbesar transfer daya dan efisiensi dapat menggunakan litz wire dan menggunakan ferit.
“We Didn’t Forget to Take Our Shoes Off at the Door Just Because We Were Punks”: The Early Years of Punk in Turkey
Authors: Sanctis Carlotta De
Published: November 2021

The proposed contribution focuses on an analysis of the debut of punk in Turkey within a framing that highlights its contexts and peculiarities. Considering punk not only as a musical genre but also as an underground culture with wider socio-political trends and implications, this study aims to assess, more broadly, the characteristics of this phenomenon during the years of its initial stages in the Turkish scene. Punk in Turkey started to appear at the end of the 1980s and early 1990s, at first involving young people who had grown up and been socialized in political terms during a decade characterized by the extreme social consequences of the 12th September coup d’état. As a more general phenomenon, through the study of punk in this local form, it is possible to reconsider the strategies and needs of expression of antagonism and social malaise of a specific generation which, as in the case of Turkey, has usually been referred to as uninterested in socio-political dynamics. Although the local punk scene has attracted only limited attention to date, this case study offers a new perspective to rethink deeply the research approaches which consider generational phenomena as a homogeneous perspective, as well as the boundaries that shape and confine the expression of dissent.
U.S. Presidential Leadership Styles and Media
Authors: Meagher Michael E. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: November 2021

U.S. presidential leadership styles speak to us today as we seek to understand the dynamics of the current political universe. The stances adopted by especially twentieth-century U.S. presidents point to certain norms being upheld by the nation’s chief executives. Some were more talented in exercising the rhetorical presidency, while others were more successful in achieving policy goals. These presidents operated under the technological mechanisms of their time. In the twenty-first century, new social media technologies are emerging that challenge previous orthodoxies. The presidency of Donald J. Trump differed significantly from previous presidencies. Identity politics that predated the twitter presidency shaped the Trump years. Does the Trump model represent the future of presidential communication? This essay concludes that future U.S. presidents will face new challenges as a result of the fractured social contract, a legacy of identity politics.
Crisis de liquidez del COVID-19
Authors: Pérez Elizundia Guillermo , Delgado Guzmán José Alfredo , F. Lampón Jesús
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: El propósito de esta investigación consiste en identificar los determinantes del Factoraje Inverso (FI) desde la perspectiva de todas las partes involucradas, es decir, compradores, proveedores, instituciones financieras (IF) y administración pública, y desarrollar una propuesta que permita un despliegue eficiente de los recursos financieros a los proveedores pyme en México, durante el tiempo que duren las medidas de contención derivadas de la pandemia de Covid-19.

Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de caso a través de entrevistas a profundidad a ocho IF en México que representan entre el 60% y el 80% del volumen de factoraje operado en el país. Para interpretar la información obtenida en las entrevistas, este trabajo utiliza la técnica de análisis de contenido con el apoyo de MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2018.

Resultados: La investigación identifica los determinantes del FI y destaca los elementos clave para proponer una solución de financiamiento integral basada tanto en el FI como en un programa de crédito de capital circulante, y considera aspectos de la cooperación del financiamiento de la cadena de suministro que van más allá de la literatura tradicional, que se ha centrado en los aspectos operativos.

Limitaciones: Como en cualquier estudio de caso, no es posible generalizar las conclusiones a todas las IF sin realizar ajustes en función de su perfil y contexto, por lo que la comprobación de la teoría debe llevarse a cabo mediante otros estudios.

Implicaciones prácticas: A partir de estos resultados, tanto las IF como la administración pública pueden apoyar activamente el rescate de más de 120 mil pymes y proteger hasta 5.3 millones de empleos formales, contribuyendo así a la economía e impulsando la bancarización de las pymes a gran escala en todo el país.
Quality Assurance in Big Data Engineering - A Metareview
Authors: Staegemann Daniel , Volk Matthias , Turowski Klaus
Published: November 2021

With a continuously increasing amount and complexity of data being produced and captured, traditional ways of dealing with their storing, processing, analysis and presentation are no longer sufficient, which has led to the emergence of the concept of big data. However, not only the implementation of the corresponding applications is a challenging task, but also the proper quality assurance. To facilitate the latter, in this publication, a comprehensive structured literature metareview on the topic of big data quality assurance is presented. The results will provide interested researchers and practitioners with a solid foundation for their own quality assurance related endeavors and therefore help in advancing the cause of quality assurance in big data as well as the domain of big data in general. Furthermore, based on the findings of the review, worthwhile directions for future research were identified, providing prospective authors with some guidance in this complex environment.
Lectura performativa dunha imaxe de Estíbaliz Espinosa lactante
Authors: Doval-Porto Inma
Published: November 2021

O deslocamento do texto da centralidade do drama deixa o campo aberto á posteatralidade e, igualmente, abre un camino para a realización doutras accións como o happening e a performance, onde o corpo e a audiencia pasan a ser protagonistas, confundíndose, en ocasións, vida e obra. As Redes Sociais Dixitais constitúen un novo espazo de expansión e proxección que está a ser empregado por mulleres artistas e poetas para desenvolver a súa expresión creativa. Estes territorios virtuais son utilizados por elas, asemade, como ferramenta de de-construción da sociedade patriarcal e como instrumento de subversión e transgresión. Por tanto, moitas das intervencións que realizan nestes contornos tenen un forte componente de activismo político e social, establecendo una continuidade entre as esferas pública e privada; convértense así en espazos para a (re)presentación. Dentro destas accións están aquelas que tenen como obxectivo desmontar as construcións patriarcais e os tabús arredor do corpo da muller, como a campana #brelfi e. Neste contexto, analizamos una acción lactivista transmedia realizada por Estíbaliz Espinosa, poeta e artista multifacetada galega e establecemos linas de fuga que nos conducen a todo un universo de imaxes lactantes da historia da arte até a contemporaneidade.
Panic buying pada pandemi COVID-19: Telaah literatur dari perspektif psikologi
Authors: Shadiqi Muhammad Abdan , Hariati Rima , Hasan Khaerullah Fadhli Arasy , I’anah Noor , Al Istiqomah Wita
Published: November 2021

Pandemik COVID-19 memiliki berdampak pada kesehatan, sosial, ekonomi, hingga psikologis. Salah satu dampak dari COVID-19 adalah panic buying. Artikel ini bertujuan mengulas panic buying melalui perspektif psikologi. Kami melakukan telaah literatur panic buying pada riset-riset terkini baik pada kasus pandemik COVID-19 hingga pandemik serupa yang terjadi pada puluhan tahun silam. Pada bagian awal, artikel ini membandingkan definisi panic buying dengan istilah serupa, seperti buying frenzies, impulsive buying, dan compulsive buying. Kemudian, kami mengulas penjelasan psikologis di balik panic buying  melalui perilaku konsumen, ketakutan dan kecemasan, stres, ketidakpastian, dan paparan media. Pada bagian terakhir, kami mengajukan beberapa solusi yang dapat dijadikan panduan kebijakan untuk mengatasi panic buying saat wabah pandemik terjadi.
Catatan Managing Editor JPS Pengantar Vol. 19 (3) tentang Psikologi Politik dan Perubahan Sosial
Authors: Akhyar Muhammad
Published: November 2021

“Dunia politik dunia bintang

Dunia pesta pora para binatang, asik gak asik”

(Iwan Fals, 2004)

 

Lagu “Asik Gak Asik” lamat-lamat terdengar di kepala saya saat membaca empat artikel bertema Psikologi Politik dalam edisi kali ini. Reduksionisme sarkastik Iwan Fals tentang dunia politik dengan fokus pada tabiat aktor politik, tentu tak begitu salah. Semangat ini mirip seperti di masa-masa awal Psikologi Politik mulai berkembang di tahun 1920-an, kajian di bidang ini juga lebih berfokus pada kepribadian dan motivasi dari pemimpin dan politisi dengan pendekatan psikoanalisis (Cottam, dkk., 2016). Seiring waktu, Psikologi Politik mulai membahas fenomena psikologis ke area politik yang lebih luas, termasuk di dalamnya tentang partisipasi publik dalam politik hingga kekerasan yang didorong oleh ideologi tertentu.

Selain empat artikel tersebut, volume 19 edisi ketiga dari Jurnal Psikologi Sosial di tahun 2021 ini juga memuat tiga naskah lain dengan topik yang tak kalah menarik yaitu stereotipe terhadap orang dengan difabilitas mental, motivasi relawan, dan pengambilan keputusan pada remaja yang terlibat prostitusi.
Karena faktor agama atau gaya berpikir? Peran fundamentalisme agama dan need for closure dalam memprediksi toleransi politik
Authors: Caesara Adeline Dinda , Yustisia Whinda
Published: November 2021

Beberapa penelitian terdahulu telah menemukan bahwa adanya hubungan yang signifikan dan positif yang kuat antara fundamentalisme agama dan toleransi politik. Meskipun demikian, ada juga penelitian yang menunjukan bahwa hubungan fundamentalisme agama dengan toleransi politik tidak terlalu kuat karena perbedaan individual. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menguji kembali hubungan antara fundamentalisme agama dan toleransi politik di konteks Indonesia serta melihat efek moderasi need for closure terhadap hubungan dua variabel tersebut. Fundamentalisme agama diprediksi memiliki hubungan negatif dan signifikan dengan toleransi politik di mana need for closure dapat memperkuat hubungan keduanya. Untuk menguji hipotesis tersebut, penelitian korelasional dilakukan dengan merekrut 211 responden yang beragama Islam dan dijaring secara daring. Sebanyak 64,9% partisipan adalah perempuan. Rata-rata usia responden adalah 27,52 tahun (SD=11,309). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fundamentalisme agama berkorelasi negatif dan signifikan dengan toleransi politik. Need for closure memiliki kontribusi sebagai moderator terhadap hubungan fundamentalisme agama dan toleransi politik, khususnya ketika need for closure tinggi. Namun, tidak ditemukan peranan individual need for closure yang signifikan dalam menjelaskan toleransi politik. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya peran faktor kognitif dalam melemahkan peranan negatif fundamentalisme agama terhadap toleransi politik.
Aversive stimuli bias corticothalamic responses to motivationally significant cues
Authors: Lucantonio Federica , Kim Eunyoung , Su Zhixiao , Chang Anna J , Bari Bilal A , Cohen Jeremiah Y
Published: November 2021

Making predictions about future rewards or punishments is fundamental to adaptive behavior. These processes are influenced by prior experience. For example, prior exposure to aversive stimuli or stressors changes behavioral responses to negative- and positive-value predictive cues. Here, we demonstrate a role for medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons projecting to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT; mPFC→PVT) in this process. We found that a history of aversive stimuli negatively biased behavioral responses to motivationally relevant cues in mice and that this negative bias was associated with hyperactivity in mPFC→PVT neurons during exposure to those cues. Furthermore, artificially mimicking this hyperactive response with selective optogenetic excitation of the same pathway recapitulated the negative behavioral bias induced by aversive stimuli, whereas optogenetic inactivation of mPFC→PVT neurons prevented the development of the negative bias. Together, our results highlight how information flow within the mPFC→PVT circuit is critical for making predictions about motivationally-relevant outcomes as a function of prior experience.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MADE WITH ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE SLAG AND RECYCLED GROUND GLASS AS REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATE
Authors: Pérez Rojas Yasmin Andrea , Vera López Enrique
Published: November 2021

Concrete is one of the most studied industrial products with the aim of improving its durability, strength, and workability, as well as developing innovative alternatives in its production to reduce the environmental footprint (Rivera, 2013). This research validates the use of industrial waste generated in the department of Boyacá - Colombia, within the production of concrete for the construction of rigid pavements. The research followed several stages, beginning with the physical, chemical, and mechanical characterization of the materials and the design of the standard mixture following the ACI 211 methodology. Subsequently, the 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the gravel was replaced by electric arc furnace slag (EAFS), and 20, 30 and 40% of the sand by the recycled ground glass (RGG). Finally, the compressive strength of the concrete mixtures was analyzed.
Generalized Inverse Power Sujatha Distribution with Applications
Authors: Okoli O. Michael , A. Osuji George , Onyekwere Chrisogonus K.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we present a new lifetime distribution known as the generalized inverse power Sujatha distribution. The statistical and mathematical properties of the new distribution such as the moment and moment generating function, Renyi entropy and distribution of order statistics have been derived and discussed. Also, reliability measures like survival function, hazard function, reverse hazard rate, cumulative hazard rate and odds function are discussed. Maximum likelihood estimation technique was used to estimate the parameters. However, a 95% confidence intervals were constructed for the parameters. Finally, we applied the proposed distribution to two lifetime datasets and compare its superiority over other candidate models. Results obtained indicates that the generalized inverse power Sujatha distribution outperform the other competing models.
Interaction Effect of Intellectual Capitals on University Performance
Authors: Mustapha Abdulrasaq
Published: November 2021

Intangible assets constitute major resources in the university’s system. However, little or no attention has been given to effective utilization of these resources. This has not only affected the performance of the public universities in Nigeria adversely but also the economic development of the country. Hence, this study examined the effect of the interaction among intellectual capital components on the performance of public universities in South-Western Nigeria. The primary data obtained through the structured questionnaire administered on four hundred and twenty-four (424) respondents were analyzed using ordinary least square regression analysis. The result of the study revealed that the interaction between human capital and structural capital and the interaction between human capital and relational capital has significant positive effect on the performance of public universities in the South-Western Nigeria as indicated by p-values of 0.000 and 0.002 respectively. The result also shows that the interaction between structural intellectual capital and relational capital has an insignificant positive effect on the performance of public universities in the South-Western region of Nigeria as indicated by p-values of 0.139. This study therefore concluded that effective combination of the intellectual capital components improves the performance of public universities in the South-Western region of Nigeria. This study recommends that government at various levels should pay attention to funding strategies of higher education, particularly at university level. Innovative funding strategies that touch all aspects of university activities should reflected in the budget of university education from time to time to translate the expected mandate of ivory tower to reality.
Sovereign Wealth Fund Model: A Tool for Economic Stability and Public Financial Management: Evidence from a Developing Country
Authors: Monday Osirim , George Wadike Chile , Diepiriye Davies Stanley
Published: November 2021

Nations create Sovereign Wealth Funds to accumulate, save and invest excess liquidity that arise from natural resources and other excess funds in infrastructural developments and in achieving other policy objectives. The paper thus investigated sovereign wealth fund as an effective tool for public financial management and economic sustainability with a particular focus on Nigeria. The exploratory and descriptive research design approach was adopted in evaluating the sovereign fund model as an alternative to public resources management. The paper reveals that sovereign wealth funds can be helpful to a nation especially in the time of economic crisis as it could be used to minimize government revenues volatility rate as well as to build up the level of savings for future generation ( r = 0.689 and 0.763 for volatility rate and saving for future generation respectively and p-values < 0.05). However, it is discovered that to produce the intended results, the fund must form part of the home country policy document and must be prudently invested. Based on these findings, it is recommended that regulatory body must strengthen the accountability framework around the fund. To this end, there should be fiscal discipline, probity and transparency in the investment, management and reporting of the fund. Nigeria is thus encouraged to sign up and uphold the Santiago principles and guidelines proposed in 2008 for the promotion of global best practices in National Sovereign Wealth Funds operations and management.
Impact of UREAStable on Soil Property, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Durum Wheat under Balanced Fertilizer Application
Authors: Mesfin Teshome , Tamru Serkalem , Aklilu Yeshibir , Bekele Dagne
Published: November 2021

Wheat requirement of nitrogen for plant growth, and crop yields and quality depends upon substantial N inputs. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out at Gimbichu district in 2017 and 2018 main cropping season with the objective of evaluating the overall performance of applying slow-release/UREAstable fertilizer over the conventional urea fertilizer for durum wheat production, and to determine optimum rates of slow-release urea fertilizer for wheat productivity. The treatments consisted of Control, 90 kg N ha-1 from conventional urea applied in split, 90 kg N ha-1 from UREAstable applied once at planting, 90 kg N ha-1 from UREAstable applied in split, 45 kg N ha-1 from UREAstable applied once at planting, 45 kg N ha-1 from UREA stable applied in split form, 135 kg N ha-1 from UREA stable applied in split form, 135 kg N ha-1 from conventional UREA applied in split form and 135 kg N ha-1 from UREAstable applied once at planting. The results revealed that plant height, spike length, Tiller number, grain yield, biomass yield, harvest index and grain and straw uptake were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the application of slow release and conventional urea fertilizer. The highest spike length (3.8cm), Tiller number (2.1), grain yield (2205 kg ha-1), biomass yield (6968 kg ha-1) and nitrogen grain straw uptake (35.6 kg N ha-1) were recorded from 135kg N ha-1 urea stable fertilizer applied in split form followed by application of 135 kg N ha-1 conventional urea fertilizer applied in split form. While, maximum straw nitrogen uptake was obtained from application of 135 kg N ha-1 conventional urea fertilizer applied in split form. Therefore, taking the findings of the present study consideration it may be concluding that farmers can use 135 kg N ha-1 UREAstable fertilizer to improve nitrogen use efficiency and productivity of wheat in the study area in addition to conventional urea fertilizer. However, further research may be required at various locations to come up with an inclusive recommendation.
Evaluation of Exotic Rice Germplasm (Oryza sativa L) for Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Seed Yield Attributing Traits
Authors: Pravalika Adupa , Lavanya G. R. , Suresh B. G.
Published: November 2021

Thirty seven rice germplasm were evaluated to assess genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation and path coefficient analysis for 17 quantitative characters. The experimental results concluded that TP-29632, followed by TP-30015, TP-29637, SHUATS DHAN-2 and TP- 30025 was found to be superior in grain yield among 37 exotic rice genotypes. IRRI-5 (TP-29632), IRRI-10 (TP-30015) and IRRI-21(TP-29759) recorded early maturity among 37 genotypes. Grain yield per hill was positively and significantly associated with flag leaf width, number of tillers per hill, number of panicles per hill, number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled grains, grain weight, biological yield, harvest index at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Biological yield, harvest index, number of panicles per hill, plant height, flag leaf width recorded positive direct effect on grain yield per hill at both phenotypic and genotypic levels.
Plasma Level of Macromolecules and Mathematical Calculation of Potential Energy in Type 2 Diabetic Individuals at NAUTH, Nnewi, Nigeria
Authors: Ezugwu Uchenna Modestus , Onyenekwe Chinedum Charles , Ukibe Nkiruka Rose , Ahaneku Joseph E. , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: November 2021

Diabetes mellitus is associated with neutered metabolism and higher Energy Expenditure. This study aimed on the use of Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), AcetylCo-enzyme A (ACA) and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) as an index of energy utilization, storage and energy balance in Diabetic individuals. This is a longitudinal, prospective, case-controlled study involving seventy seven (77) diabetic individuals newly diagnosed attending diabetic clinic of Nnamdi Azikiwe University University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) aged 18-60 years both male and female not on anti-diabetic drug, were enrolled in the study as test subjects and thirty six (36) apparently healthy non-diabetic individuals both male and female as control subjects. ADP, FAD, ACA and NADH were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while, energy balance from macromolecules was determined by calculation. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software application (version 21.0) and the results expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The Plasma Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), AcetylCo-enzymeA (ACA) and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH), were significantly lower (P<0.05) in both Diabetic pre-treatment and diabetic post-treatment group compared with control groups. Furthermore, the plasma level of ACA and NADH were significantly lower (P<0.05) in DM pre-treatment group compared with DM post-treatment group. While, the plasma concentration of ADP was significantly lower in DM post-treatment groups compared with DM pre-treatment groups. However, the Calculated energy from Macromolecules was lower (P<0.05) in DM groups compared with control group. Meanwhile, the calculated energy from Macromolecules in DM pre-treatment was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared with DM post-treatment. In conclusion, the significant changes in the biochemical parameters measured suggest altered metabolism, increased energy expenditure and energy deficit/energy imbalance in diabetic subjects resulting from increased energy expenditure. Hence, energy from macromolecules such as ADP, FAD, ACA and NADH can be used to predict early energy deficit and manage energy imbalance in diabetic individuals.
Effects of Sargassum wightii Methanolic Extract on L-Methionine Induced Experimental Vascular Dementia like Syndrome in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Rout Sradhasini , Rath Bandana , Bhattamisra Subrat Kumar , Rath Ishani , Kumar Anjan
Published: November 2021

Sargassum wightii is brown seaweeds with high nutritive value with natural bioactive compounds having diverse therapeutic activity. In recent years, research on Sargassum wightii has gain much interest in neuropharmacological field. Basing on neuroprotective effect of Sargassum wightii against Parkinson’s disease animal models, the possible protective effect on dementia is hypothesised. Addressing this question the present study was designed to investigate the effect of S. wightii on L-methionine induced vascular dementia like syndrome in male wistar albino rats. Vascular dementia was induced by oral administration of L-methionine (1.7 g/kg) per body weight for 4weeks S. wightii was given from day1 to day32. The neurobehavioral assessment was performed by Morris water maze test for learning and memory ability and blood sample was collected for serum nitrite and homocysteine analysis. The whole brain content was subjected to a series of biochemical analysis that included brain cholinesterase, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and histopathological examination. L-methionine impaired learning and memory, increased serum homocysteine and decreased serum nitrite level significantly (p<0.001). It also increased brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione and increased acetylcholinesterase activity significantly (p<0.001). Sargassum wightii at 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight reversed the L-methionine induced learning and memory deficits (p<0.01) and (p<0.001) respectively. The L-methionine induced biochemical alterations in serum and brain as well as histopathological aberration in cortex and hippocampus were restored by Sargassum wightii (p<0.01). This study concluded that Sargassum wightii ameliorated L-methionine induced vascular dementia like syndrome and provided a new concept in anti-dementia therapy as a neuroprotectants.
The Prescribing of Artificial Tears Eye Drops in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J.
Published: November 2021

Aim: The aim of the present study was to describe the prescribing of artificial tears eye drops in the outpatient setting in Al-Kharj.

Methodology: This was a retrospective study that was conducted at the outpatient setting in a public hospital in Al-Kharj city. The study included reviewing the outpatient electronic prescriptions.

Results: Most of the prescriptions that include artificial tears eye drops between January/2018 to June/2018 were prescribed by residents (88.06%) and about 86.57% of the prescriptions were prescribed by ophthalmology department. In the period between July/2018 to December/2018, About 94.12% of the prescribers who prescribed artificial tears eye drops were residents and about 84.56% of the prescriptions were prescribed by ophthalmology department.

Conclusion: Artificial tears were prescribed frequently in the outpatient setting and could cause adverse events for some patients. So, it is also important to increase the awareness of healthcare providers and patients about the appropriate use of artificial tears.
Local and systemic effects of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in inflammation and cancer
Authors: Rose‐John Stefan
Published: November 2021

Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is an inflammatory cytokine, the level of which is highly elevated in most, if not all, inflammatory states. IL‐6 triggers cell type‐specific responses and acts on target cells via a specific interleukin‐6 receptor (IL‐6R), which, together with IL‐6, binds to and induces the dimerization of a second receptor subunit, gp130. IL‐6 also binds to soluble IL‐6R, and this complex interacts with gp130, regardless of IL‐6R expression. This allows cells that do not express IL‐6R and would be otherwise insensitive to IL‐6 to respond to it. We have generated a constitutively active version of gp130 by forced leucine‐zipper‐mediated dimerization, named L‐gp130. Once inserted into the Rosa26 locus of mice, L‐gp130 can be activated in a cell‐autonomous manner by crossing these mice with any Cre‐recombinase transgenic mouse strain. Activation of gp130 in hepatocytes produced liver‐specific effects such as the induction of acute‐phase proteins, but it also had profound systemic effects on the immune system. Such local and systemic effects of interleukin‐6 will be reviewed.
Tunneling nanotube formation promotes survival against 5‐fluorouracil in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Kato Kaylyn , Nguyen Kim Tho , Decker Carl W. , Silkwood Kai H. , Eck Sydney M. , Hernandez Jeniffer B. , Garcia Jerome , Han Derick
Published: November 2021

Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are F‐actin‐based open‐ended tubular extensions that form following stresses, such as nutritional deprivation and oxidative stress. The chemotherapy agent 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) represents a significant stressor to cancer cells and induces thymidine deficiency, a state similar to nutritional deprivation. However, the ability of 5‐FU to induce TNT formation in cancer cells and potentially enhance survival has not been explored. In this study, we examined whether 5‐FU can induce TNT formation in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Cytotoxic doses of 5‐FU (150–350 μm) were observed to significantly induce TNT formation beginning at 24 h after exposure. TNTs formed following 5‐FU treatment probably originated as extensions of gap junctions as MCF‐7 cells detach from cell clusters. TNTs act as conduits for exchange of cellular components and we observed mitochondrial exchange through TNTs following 5‐FU treatment. 5‐FU‐induced TNT formation was inhibited by over 80% following treatment with the F‐actin‐depolymerizing agent, cytochalasin B (cytoB). The inhibition of TNTs by cytoB corresponded with increased 5‐FU‐induced cytotoxicity by 30–62% starting at 48 h, suggesting TNT formation aides in MCF‐7 cell survival against 5‐FU. Two other widely used chemotherapy agents, docetaxel and doxorubicin induced TNT formation at much lower levels than 5‐FU. Our work suggests that the therapeutic targeting of TNTs may increase 5‐FU chemotherapy efficacy and decrease drug resistance in cancer cells, and these findings merits further investigation.
Association of Race and Risk of Future Scleroderma Renal Crisis at Systemic Sclerosis Diagnosis
Authors: Forman Crystal J. , Olson Stephen W. , Gordon Sarah M. , Hughes James B. , Stitt Rodger S. , Bailey Wayne T. , Edison Jess D. , Nee Robert
Published: November 2021

Objective

Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is a rare and severe manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Although it is well documented that Black patients with SSc have worse morbidity and mortality than non‐Black patients, racial predilection for SRC is underreported. We examine the association of race and future development of SRC in an SSc cohort.

Methods

Using the electronic health record of the US Military Health System, we conducted a comprehensive chart review of each patient with SSc from 2005 to 2016. The final study cohort was comprised of 31 SRC cases and 322 SSc without SRC controls. We conducted logistic regression of SRC as the outcome variable and race (Black versus non‐Black) as the primary predictor variable, adjusted for age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, and proteinuria at SSc diagnosis.

Results

Of 353 patients, 294 had identifiable race (79 Black, 215 non‐Black). Thirteen of 79 Black patients (16.5%) versus 16 of 215 (7.4%) non‐Black patients developed SRC (P = 0.02). On adjusted analysis, Black patients had a significantly higher risk of developing SRC than non‐Black patients (odds ratio 6.4 [95% confidence interval 1.3–31.2], P = 0.02). Anti‐Ro antibody was present in a higher proportion of Black SRC patients versus Black patients without SRC (45% versus 14%, P = 0.01). Conversely, older age, thrombocytopenia, and anti‐RNA polymerase III antibody at SSc diagnosis were significantly associated with future SRC in the non‐Black cohort.

Conclusion

Black race was independently associated with a higher risk of future SRC. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie this important association.
Evidence favoring brief interventions stronger for alcohol than for drugs
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: November 2021

The latest comprehensive analysis of brief substance use interventions in general medical settings suggests that while brief interventions targeting alcohol may lead to small decreases in alcohol use, the evidence base for brief interventions targeting other drugs remains very limited.
AMERSA awards researchers focusing on public health
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2021

ALast week's annual conference of the Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse (AMERSA), held virtually, saw top researchers in substance use disorder (SUD) winning awards from this organization.
In Situ Heating Neutron and X‐Ray Diffraction Analyses for Revealing Structural Evolution during Postprinting Treatments of Additive‐Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Kawasaki Megumi , Han Jae-Kyung , Liu Xiaojing , Onuki Yusuke , Kuzminova Yulia O. , Evlashin Stanislav A. , Pesin Alexander M. , Zhilyaev Alexander P. , Liss Klaus-Dieter
Published: November 2021

Herein, lab‐scale X‐ray diffraction and in situ heating neutron diffraction analyses for evaluating the structural changes at postprinting nanostructuring and structural relaxation upon heating, respectively, in an additive‐manufactured (AM) 316L stainless steel are conducted. The nanostructured AM steel after nanostructuring by high‐pressure torsion reached crystallite sizes of 23–26 nm, a dislocation density of ≈45 × 1014 m−2 and a microstrain of >0.008. A limited amount of deformation‐induced ε‐martensite was observed at a local region in the nanostructured AM steel. The time‐resolved neutron diffraction experiment upon heating successfully visualizes the sequential structural relaxation and linear thermal lattice expansion in the nanostructured AM steel. In practice, by calculating the changes in crystallite sizes, microstrains, and dislocation densities, the relaxation behaviors of the nanocrystalline AM steel is observed: 1) recovery with slow stress relaxation with increasing hardness up to 873 K, 2) recrystallization with accelerated stress relaxation at 873–973 K; and 3) grain growth above 973 K with (iii′) total stress relaxation in lattices up to 1023 K. In addition, this manuscript makes connections between the critical subjects in materials science of advanced manufacturing, metal processing and properties, and novel time‐resolved characterization techniques.
Organic Semiconductor/Insulator Blends for Elastic Field‐Effect Transistors and Sensors
Authors: Janasz Lukasz , Borkowski Michal , Blom Paul W. M. , Marszalek Tomasz , Pisula Wojciech
Published: November 2021

Organic semiconductors encounter limitations in their practical applicability in future electronics due to their low environmental stability and poor charge carrier mobilities. Blending with isolation of thermoplastic polymers and elastomers circumvents these restrictions and even induces new material properties, opening the door to novel flexible and stretchable electronics that hold great potential for improving people's life. This review discusses next generation applications of solution processable organic semiconductor/insulator blends in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). The fundamental basis is a comprehensive understanding of the phase separation mechanism that determines the morphology formation and electronic properties of the thin blend film. Continuous charge carrier pathways in blend OFETs are established by controlled phase separation through the chemical structure of components and the processing conditions. Recent advances in organic semiconductor/insulator blends with enhanced device properties including charge carrier mobility, life‐time, sensing ability, and especially mechanical behavior are reviewed with emphasis on implication in flexible and stretchable electronics. The concept of tuning existing properties and creating new ones of electronically active materials by blending with well‐selected insulators has great potential also for other types of electronic devices and classes of semiconductors.
Modular Synthetic Tissues from 3D‐Printed Building Blocks
Authors: Alcinesio Alessandro , Cazimoglu Idil , Kimmerly Gabriella Raye , Restrepo Schild Vanessa , Krishna Kumar Ravinash , Bayley Hagan
Published: November 2021

Biology employs modular organization at every scale: molecular building blocks make up living cells, specialized cells organize within tissues, and collections of tissues constitute organs. 3D‐printed networks of picoliter‐sized aqueous compartments interconnected by lipid bilayers form a powerful platform for building precisely patterned synthetic tissues. However, this technology has been limited to millimeter‐sized networks, with slow fabrication times and lacking flexible design. Here, the authors apply modular design to construct modular synthetic tissues by assembling a wide range of 3D‐printed building blocks. They use dedicated modules for storing and releasing reagents, performing logic operations, responding to magnetic fields, and encapsulating living cells. They build centimeter‐sized synthetic tissues able to transmit electrical signals through thousands of interconnected compartments. They assemble hybrid tissues composed of both synthetic modules and modules containing living cells. Lastly, by incorporating mutant protein nanopores within the building blocks, they assemble modular synthetic tissues with electrical outputs that are modulated by the integration of chemical inputs.
A Modular Design of Continuously Tunable Full Color Plasmonic Pixels with Broken Rotational Symmetry
Authors: Feng Rui , Wang Hao , Cao Yongyin , Zhang Yanxia , Ng Ray J. H. , Tan You Sin , Sun Fangkui , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Yang Joel K. W. , Ding Weiqiang
Published: November 2021

Color tuning is a fascinating and indispensable property in various applications. Thus far, a variety of reconfigurable approaches have been implemented to achieve color change. However, it is still a challenge to enable continuous color tuning over the entire hue range in a simple, stable, and rapid manner without changes in configuration and material properties. Here, an all‐optical continuously tunable plasmonic pixel scheme is demonstrated via a modular design approach to realize polarization‐controlled full color tuning by breaking the intrinsic symmetry of the unit cell layout. The polarization‐controlled full color tunable plasmonic pixels consist of three different types of color modules corresponding to three subtractive primary colors. Without changing the structural properties or surrounding environment, the structural colors can be continuously and precisely tuned across all hues by illuminating linearly polarized light with different polarization directions. Meanwhile, the plasmonic pixels can be flexibly customized for various color tuning processes through the appropriate choice of component modules and the elaborate design of module layouts. Furthermore, the color tuning is extended to achromatic colors with the utilization of a single module or the introduction of a black module. The proposed plasmonic pixels hold considerable potential to function as next‐generation color pixels integrated with liquid‐crystal polarizers.
Infection Micromilieu‐Activated Nanocatalytic Membrane for Orchestrating Rapid Sterilization and Stalled Chronic Wound Regeneration
Authors: Zhou Xiong , Wang Ziyou , Chan Yau Kei , Yang Yingming , Jiao Zheng , Li Limei , Li Jiyao , Liang Kunneng , Deng Yi
Published: November 2021

Pathogenic infection inevitably provokes chronic inflammation and stalls the normal orchestrated course of wound‐healing cascades. However, current antibacterial therapies focus on the inherent bactericidal functions of biomaterials. To take full advantage of infection microenvironment (IME) peculiarities, an IME‐activated nanocatalytic membrane consisting of electrospun poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds, MXene/Ag2S bio‐heterojunctions (MX/AS bio‐HJs), and lactate oxidase (LOx) for chronic cutaneous regeneration is devised and developed. In this “intelligent” system, PLGA membranes gradually degrade to lactate, and LOx consumes lactate to yield abundant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a microenvironment‐responsive manner. In addition, MX/AS bio‐HJs in membranes not only exert benign photothermal effects and generate reactive oxygen species upon NIR light, but also catalyze the produced H2O2 to overwhelming hydroxyl radicals (·OH) through Fenton‐like reactions, which all result in rapid synergistic sterilization. Furthermore, in vivo assays demonstrate that the nanocatalytic membranes reshape the stalled chronic wound into a regenerative wound by massacring bacteria, stopping bleeding, boosting epithelialization/collagen deposition of the wound beds, and promoting angiogenesis. As envisaged, the proposed tactic opens up a promising opportunity for arming membranes with IME‐responsive nanocatalytic activity to remedy bacteria‐invaded stalled full‐thickness wounds.
Bioprinting of Complex Multicellular Organs with Advanced Functionality—Recent Progress and Challenges Ahead
Authors: Bertassoni Luiz E.
Published: November 2021

Bioprinting has emerged as one of the most promising strategies for fabrication of functional organs in the lab as an alternative to transplant organs. While progress in the field has mostly been restricted to a few miniaturized tissues with minimal biological functionality until a few years ago, recent progress has advanced the concept of building three‐dimensional multicellular organ complexity remarkably. This review discusses a series of milestones that have paved the way for bioprinting of tissue constructs that have advanced levels of biological and architectural functionality. Critical materials, engineering and biological challenges that are key to addressing the desirable function of engineered organs are presented. These are discussed in light of the many difficulties to replicate the heterotypic organization of multicellular solid organs, the nanoscale precision of the extracellular microenvironment in hierarchical tissues, as well as the advantages and limitations of existing bioprinting methods to adequately overcome these barriers. In summary, the advances of the field toward realistic manufacturing of functional organs have never been so extensive, and this manuscript serves as a road map for some of the recent progress and the challenges ahead.