bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATION OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND STRESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS OF NEPAL
Authors: Kansakar Sajog , Poudel Urusha , Guragain Ashish , Paudel Palak , Sharma Prabhat , Dhungana Bibek , Adhikari Ankita , Pokhrel Prabhakar
Published: April 2024

Background: Medical training can be a period of significant psychological distress but adequate data examining the prevalence and association of poor mental health in medical students in Nepal is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate medical students in Nepal.
Methods: A multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) in addition to questions about socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine correlation.
Results: Among the 551 participants, the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 50.1%, 62.8% and 42.3% respectively. Female gender, being bullied, and dissatisfaction with one’s academic performance were significant predictors of all three outcomes. Alcohol consumption was an additional predictor of stress..
Conclusions: Nepalese medical students experience high levels of psychological distress. There is a need for relevant authorities to implement changes to the medical education system in Nepal and develop adequate support services for this population.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINITIS IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN KATHMANDU
Authors: Amatya Riti
Published: April 2024

Background: Cervical-vaginal infections are common problems in women of reproductive age groups. Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the major organisms causing vaginitis. Trichomonas vaginalis is an anerobic, flagellated protozoan. The main objective of this study was to study the clinical findings of women with Trichomonas vaginitis.

Methods: This was a hospital based descriptive study carried out in the Department of Pathology and Gynaecology of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital in one year (January- December 2020). A total of 163 Pap smear examination were included in study. Specimen were stained using conventional Papanicolaou method. After staining, slides were examined under the light microscopy. The cytological diagnosis was correlated with the clinical findings. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Mean, Standard deviation, frequencies and percentages were calculated.

Results: A total of 163 cases were evaluated. The mean age of women who underwent Pap smear examination was 37.5 10.5 years. Out of 163 cases, there were 42 cases of Trichomonas vaginitis. The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis was 25.8%. The common age group was 20 to 40 years. Most of the women were symptomatic (64.3%) while rest were asymptomatic (35.7%). Per vaginal discharge (35.7%) was the most common complain followed by vulval itching (16.7%).

Conclusions: Trichomonas vaginalis are commonly found in reproductive age group presented with clinical manifestations or may be asymptomatic at all too. Vaginal discharge is the commonest presentation.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN FUTURE MENTAL HEALTH INDUSTRY
Authors: Teo Yen Nee , Yong Elizabeth , Gautam Ajeevan , Chaulagain Rajib , Yong Kun Hing
Published: April 2024

The high demand for mental health services and scarce supply of healthcare professionals are increasingly suppressing the mental healthcare industry. The emergence of artificial intelligence shows the potential to be able to transform the landscape of this industry. The application of artificial intelligence has offered a promising hope to bridge the gap between the long-lasting demand and supply issues in the industry, and to provide better healthcare support, as it reduces the fear of judgement while increasing self-awareness. Nevertheless, some challenges need to be overcome before the mental healthcare industry can truly capitalise on artificial intelligence.
PERCEPTION OF UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS TOWARDS VIRTUAL LEARNING AND CLASSROOM LEARNING
Authors: Acharya Lochana , Poudyal Sijan , Shrestha Prabhat , Gupta Abhishek
Published: April 2024

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a public health emergency and global pandemic on March 11, 2020. This outbreak has led toa complete lockdown and has changed the educational delivery system across the world from traditional classroom learning (CL) to virtual learning (VL). This study was conducted to assess the perception of dental students towards virtual and classroom learning.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among undergraduate dental students from the first year to the final year over a period of February 2021 to April 2021.A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The results were analysed for descriptive statistics using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20 software.
Results: Of the 143 total participants, “learning at their own pace was the main advantage of VL 97(67.8%). A majority reported that CL was either effective 68(47.7%) or extremely effective 28(19.6%) for increasing knowledge, while only 31(21.7%) and 2(1.4%) agreed that VL was effective, and extremely effective respectively. For preclinical, clinical, and social skills, more students believed that CL was effective compared to VL (48.3% vs 3.2%, 50% vs 6.1%, and 48.9% vs 0% respectively). Nearly half of the participants 68(47.6%) had neutral responses towards the incorporation of VL in the undergraduate curriculum.
Conclusions: The majority of the students preferred classroom learning compared to virtual learning and only nearly half of the students have a neutral response toward acceptance of virtual learning.
CORRELATION OF VERTICAL DIMENSION OF OCCLUSION AND VARIOUS SOFT TISSUE LANDMARKS USING LATERAL PROFILE PHOTOGRAPHS
Authors: Shrestha Suraksha , Bhandari Shikha , Pandey Anisha , Shankhadev Prajina , Yadav Santosh Kumar
Published: April 2024

Background: Dentistry’s evolving focus on fixed prostheses contrasts with the relative infancy of the jaw-related concepts in removable complete dentures, particularly in determining the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO). The criticality of VDO in prosthetic rehabilitation underscores the need for stable parameters. However, due to the lack of a stable paradigm, the precise determination of VDO remains a contentious issue. This study proposes the utilization of lateral profile photographs (LPPs) to estimate VDO in edentulous patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal. Using non-probability convenience sampling, 50 participants aged 20-30 years with specific dental parameters were selected. LPPs were obtained, and angular measurements were recorded to establish correlations and regression models.
Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between measured angles and VDO. Strong and positive relationships were identified between Stn-Stsn-Stgn and Stn-Stsn-Stg angles and between Stp-Stg-Stgn and Stp-Stg-Stsn angles. The study’s regression models successfully predicted Stn-Stsn-Stgn and Stp-Stg-Stgn angles using Stn-Stsn-Stg and Stp-Stg-Stsn as predictor variables.
Conclusions: The study underlines the potential of LPPs as a practical tool for estimating VDO, presenting an accessible alternative to conventional techniques. The observed correlations emphasize the intricate interplay of craniofacial parameters, reinforcing the importance of accurate VDO determination for successful dental treatments.
WAITING TIME AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING EMERGENCY SURGERY IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL OF NEPAL
Authors: Sharma G Ram Prasad , Chaudhary Kriti , Deo Gopendra Prasad , Timalsina Santhosh
Published: April 2024

Background: Managing emergency surgical services and availing prompt treatment on time is one the most important aspects in the delivering quality healthcare services. Prior the average time waiting for emergency surgery from this healthcare setting is unknow. Therefore, this study was delineated to evaluate average waiting time among patients undergoing emergency surgery.
Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted at Chitwan Medical College from 15 March 2023 to 15 July 2023. Self -structured proforma was developed to document waiting time in each phase of delivering healthcare services, including triage time, consultation time, investigation order and report time, shifting the client from ER to OT for emergency surgery.  Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS 20, and were interpretated in terms of descriptive statistics.
Results: Among 122 cases, the longest waiting time was seen in oral maxi facial surgery with the average time 8 hours 27 minutes. The major surgeries had longest waited hours on an average 6 hours 19 minutes, compared to minor and intermediate surgeries. Overall, the average waiting time form patient admitted to emergency department to start of the surgery was found to be 4 hours 43 minutes.
Conclusions: In this study, the commonest delays were evidenced were, delay in transfer to pre-operative area, delay in second consultation, OT busy, and delay in providing consent and financial incapability. Further improvements can be done by analyzing root cause, modifying the system and formulating standard operating procedure and maintaining a tracking system of patients requiring emergency surgery.
LEVEL AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AMONG SCHOOL-GOING ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN RURAL JUMLA DISTRICT, NEPAL
Authors: Neupane Pratima , Neupane Sushhama , Amgain Kapil , Lama Nishant , Panta Prem Prasad
Published: April 2024

Background: Mensuration is a natural process that occurs to women of reproductive age regularly throughout the reproductive years. Many Girls in developing countries do not have adequate knowledge and education about menstrual health before they start their menstruation. This study aimed to determine level of knowledge and its associated factors regarding menstrual hygiene among School-Going Adolescent Girls in rural Jumla district, Nepal.
Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area of Jumla district, Nepal, among 430 young adolescent girls, during January 2022- August 2022. Among 12 secondary schools of Jumla, 7 government secondary school were selected randomly by using lottery method. The data was analyzed using chi-square test. p value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean age was 17.1 (±1.14) years and the average age of menarche was 14 (±1.30) years. A total of 62.1% of them had good knowledge regarding menstruation and its management. There was statistically significant association among the grade of participants (p value0.014), mother’s education (p value: 0.039) and known about menstruation before the start of menarche (p value 0.001).
Conclusions: The majority of the adolescent’s girls had good knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene, however there was a knowledge gap in specific areas. Knowledge level of menstrual hygiene was significantly associated with the grade of participants, mother’s education and known about mensuration before the start of menarche. The study suggested that girls in rural areas need more education on menstrual hygiene, taking into account of these factors.
A SWOT ANALYSIS OF BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS IN DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY USING DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Yong Elizabeth , Teo Yen Nee , McKnoulty Leanne , Gautam Ajeevan , Chaulagain Rajib , Yong Kun Hing
Published: April 2024

Breast cancer is a significant global health challenge that affects both men and women, leading to cause-specific deaths. Current early screening interventions, such as digital mammography (DM), are susceptible to high false-positives and false-negatives. This paper explores the potential of convolutional neural network (CNN), a form of artificial intelligence (AI), to support screening mammography with the aim to enhance accuracy in lesion detection, image classification and diagnostic prediction. Because the adoption of AI in cancer diagnosis is still in its infancy, the objective of this paper is to provide insight into the benefits and limitations of deep learning-based approaches to detect and diagnose cancer. An analysis of the implementation of CNN in AI-screening mammography models was conducted, using the SWOT strategic analysis tool. Internal strengths that improve the predictive accuracy of CNN include transfer learning and data augmentation, whereas the internal weaknesses include a lack of data standardisation and reproducibility. External opportunities consist of increased sensitivity in differentiating between microcalcifications and non-tumorous structures, improved predictive diagnosis and reduced workload. Nevertheless, integration within clinical settings must also consider the external threats of breaching patient privacy, automation biases and the role of clinical judgement.
SPECTRUM OF ZYGOMATIC COMPLEX FRACTURE AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTER OF NEPAL
Authors: Gautam Shailesh , Shah Arun Kumar , Chaurasia Nitesh
Published: April 2024

Background: Zygomatic bone is complex bilaterally located bone of face contributing to aesthetic and function. Zygomatic complex fracture is common type of facial bone fracture in young male with periorbital ecchymosis, flattening of cheek being common clinical presentation and Road Traffic Accident (RTA) being common etiology. Its treatment depends upon various factors like demographics, clinical findings, socioeconomics, fracture type and available resources. Present study is aimed to evaluate various clinical and other preoperative spectrums of ZMC fracture.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in a tertiary center for 1 year, after taking consent in 86 patients. Convenience sampling was used after confirmation of ZMC fracture by CT scan. Data was collected, assembled, analyzed by SPSS and presented in table and graphs.
Results: Mostly male 74(86%) of age group 20-39 years 42(48.8%) were involved in ZMC fracture. RTA was most common etiology accounting for 68.6%. Common presentations were subconjunctival hemorrhage, periorbital hematoma, trismus, flattening of cheek and orofacial laceration accounting for 90.1%, 84.9%, 54%, and 58.1% respectively. Nasal fracture was associated in 33.7% cases and extremity fracture in 20.9% cases. 84.9% cases were of displaced type and 48.8% were of tetrapodal fracture.
Conclusions: This study in different preoperative parameters of ZMC fracture would be helpful in educating society regarding etiologies and precautions to be taken, for policy makers to make and enforce regulations to minimize incidences and for health workers to evaluate, diagnose and better multidisciplinary management.
A comparative study of outcome of teaching related to suicide risk assessment using mobile app versus conventional teaching for undergraduate medical students
Authors: Prasad Chillal , Jotibannad Darshan , Kilagi Amith , R Niranjan
Published: April 2024

Background: In India, the leading cause of mortality for those aged 15–39 in 2016 was reported to be suicide. Despite these alarming statistics, efforts to prevent suicide are nevertheless thwarted by a number of obstacles to getting help. Timely identification is essential to ensuring that people at risk of suicide receive the right care and assistance. The World Health Organization’s mental health action plan advocates employing self-help treatments through electronic and mobile technologies in addition to other steps to promote accessibility to and availability of evidence-based mental health services with encouraging results. With encouraging results, technology has been utilized to give self-help and guided psychological therapies, and it may be employed as a low-intensity and low-cost tactic to reach a bigger population in need of care.

Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study the comparison of mobile application versus conventional teaching techniques for implementation of suicide risk assessment among medical students.

Materials and Methods: Study comprises MBBS students. Sample size was calculated to be 138, with 67 in Group A (conventional teaching) and 67 in Group B (mobile teaching). Week 1 and 2 – students were randomly allocated into Group A and B. Both the groups were taught about suicide risk assessment.

Results: We found that 87.61% found the mobile application easier to comprehend than the conventional teaching methods.

Conclusion: Mobile application learning for implementation of suicide risk assessment in MBBS students is non-inferior to conventional teaching methods.
Floodplain remediation in agricultural streams : improved process understanding for reduced eutrophication
Authors: Hallberg Lukas
Published: April 2024

Anthropogenically modified headwater streams are key pathways for high nutrient and sediment loads from agriculture, sustaining eutrophication and poor water quality in downstream aquatic ecosystems. To address this challenge, stream mitigation strategies are required that complement in-field measures, to intercept internal pollutant loading in streams. In this thesis, the capacity for instream nutrient and sediment mitigation by floodplain remediation was evaluated. Ten catchments in Sweden with streams subjected to floodplain remediation were studied, covering differences in soil texture distributions, land uses and floodplain designs. Reductions in particulate and total phosphoruslosses demonstrated that floodplains on both sides of the channel reduce erosion and improve downstream water quality, compared to both streams with floodplains on one side and trapezoid-shaped reference streams. Denitrification in floodplain sediments accounted for 33 % of total denitrification in remediated streams, controlled by floodplain inundation and stream nitrate concentration. However, at higher inundation frequencies, there was a concurrent increase in denitrification and soluble reactive phosphorus release from floodplain sediments, revealing a trade-off in solute nutrient mitigation. The overall impact on water quality by remediated streams was variable, with greater potential for sediment and associated phosphorus reductions compared to nitrogen. This was explained by high pollutant pressures and limitations in floodplain designs. To realize water quality improvements through floodplain remediation in agricultural streams, sitespecific dominant pollutant forms (nitrogen, phosphorus and sediments) need to be accounted for by appropriate floodplain designs. Yet, as floodplains primarily target instream mobilization and transport, their efficacy can be obscured by excessive pollutant inputs from agricultural soils.
Malware and Windows APIs: A Dangerous Duo
Authors: Muhammad Taseer Suleman
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces its interaction with malware and Windows APIs (application programming

interface). The first section describes malware and investigates various types such as viruses, worms

and trojans, as well as provides a brief history of malware and its evolution. The second section

provides an overview of the Windows APIs. It shows how these interfaces allow software and

operating systems to communicate with each other. It also highlights the most commonly used

Windows APIs and their functions۔ The follow-up section explores how malware uses Windows

APIs for malicious purposes، Explains the common methods used by malware to communicate with

these interfaces۔ Includes real-world examples of malware attacks that use some Windows APIs. The

study then turns its attention to the Windows API security mechanism, given the security measures

taken by Windows to prevent the use of unauthorized APIs۔ The importance of user account control

(UAC) and various monitoring and access control systems has been highlighted. The next section

introduces the API Hoking and its application to malware. Which explains the strategies used by

malware to hook Windows APIs۔ The effects of API hooking and possible detection methods are also

discussed. This article provides an in-depth overview of real-world malware that exploits Windows

APIs through case studies and analysis. Notable malware analyzes examples using family and

API-based attacks۔ The article discusses security tools and ways to identify and block API-based

malware, as well as how to design secure programs with Windows APIs Suggestions for this have

also been discussed. Finally, malware tactics targeting Windows APIs discuss potential trends and

issues, as well as expected API security challenges in the Windows context. This study continues to

look at advances in Windows API security and their implications for malware prevention.
Cookie Hijacking: Privacy Risk
Authors: Kausar Parveen
Published: April 2024

Users may accept more cookies than they require because of suspicious behavior in cookie claimers.

And, like, more than they even know. So, as we were measuring real behavior, we were also assessing

each of these components' effectiveness, correct? Learning about user opinions of those cookie

disclaimers and their entire process of deciding which cookies to accept or, like, reject, bro, was very

fascinating. So, guess what? We have conclusively shown that the various images associated with

the accept/reject option significantly influence the judgments made by consumers. You won't believe

it, but we also discovered that assigning a label to the rejected option has a really big impact. Further-

more, we have confirmed previous studies showing that, well, biased content doesn't actually have

a significant impact on customers' judgments. To sum up, black patterns in cookie disclaimers are

really important. Users are forced to accept more cookies than they really need, and decision-making

is greatly influenced by images and labels. Getting folks to accept those cookies is the main goal.

According to our research on user attitudes about cookie disclosures, the presence of the disclaimer

only slightly affects the way that various user types make decisions. We provide advice on how to

improve. Conditions that apply to different user groups.
Innovative Technologies in Countering Extremism and Terrorism
Authors: Aftab Ahmad Malik
Published: April 2024

Terrorism and extremism are distinct concepts often interconnected in discussions about political, religious, or ideological violence. Terrorism mentions to the use of vehemence, pressure, or force to attain party-political, spiritual, or conceptual areas, disrupting normal life and exerting pressure on governments or societies. Extremism, characterized by extreme political or religious views, often involves radical ideologies and intolerance towards opposing beliefs, often seeking dramatic changes in society or politics, rejecting moderation. Extremist ideologies can sometimes lead to terrorist acts, but not all extremists resort to violence. It's crucial to differentiate between extreme beliefs and violent actions, as not all terrorists are driven by extremism. Recommendations to safeguard against security threats are proposed.
Endohedral Fullerenes: From Exotic Chemical Bonding to Molecular Circuits
Authors: Jaroš Adam , Straka Michal
Published: April 2024

Since their discovery, fullerenes represent a fascina­ting type of molecule with many unusual properties. One of these is the existence of a cavity into which other atoms and molecules can be enclosed to form the so-called endohedral fullerenes. In terms of fundamental research, endohedral fullerenes provide a platform for studying exotic chemical bonds between atoms enclosed inside the fullerene cage. At the same time, endohedral fullerenes also find practical applications, for example in solar cells, material science, electronics and molecular electronics. In this article, we review the research on exotic bonds in fullerenes and the use of fullerenes as molecular components.
Strong Willow Bark Brew
Authors: Jurášek Michal , Opletal Lubomír , Drašar Pavel
Published: April 2024

The story of aspirin is exciting and complicated. We tried to decipher the role of the main characters, as well as a wide field of pharmacological roles of acetylsalicylic acid, a super-drug, which would not be approved by responsible institutions today but which is still one of the most used medicines on the Earth, as well as in the space (it was used by the astronauts in the Apollo project). Original literature sources were used as much as possible to clean up some misinformation around the topic. The authors are aware that Aspirin is a trademarked name but it has become "popular" in common human speech.

Full text English translation is available in the on-line version.
KAZANÇ YÖNETİMİ UYGULAMALARININ TEMETTÜ POLİTİKASI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: BORSA İSTANBUL ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: Çekmen Yılmaz , Tatlı Uğur , Öztürkçü Akçay Aysel
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kazanç yönetimi uygulamalarının temettü ödeme politikaları üzerindeki etkisini tespit etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, pay senetleri 2012-2020 döneminde Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören 190 finansal olmayan firmaya ait 1710 gözlem kullanılarak ekonometrik bir model oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın bağımlı değişkeni olan kazanç yönetimi uygulamaları ihtiyari tahakkuklar ile ölçülürken; bağımsız değişken olan temettü politikaları ise temettü ödeme oranları ile ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca çalışmada, aktif karlılık oranı, kaldıraç oranı, firma büyüklüğü ve firma yaşı olmak üzere dört farklı kontrol değişkeni kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, kazanç yönetimi uygulamaları ile temettü politikaları arasında negatif yönlü ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir ilişki elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, firmaların temettü politikası üzerinde aktif karlılık oranı ve firma yaşı değişkenlerinin pozitif yönlü; kaldıraç oranı değişkenin ise negatif yönlü bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Politeness metadiscourses in the practice of Hungarian language consulting
Authors: Domonkosi Ágnes , Ludányi Zsófia
Published: April 2024

The paper presents how problems of linguistic politeness are reflected in the practice of institutional language consulting. The research analyses questions and answers on linguistic politeness in the database of emails from the Language Consulting Service of the HUN-REN Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics. Through an in-depth analysis of a selected e-mail, the paper shows that uncertainties about linguistic politeness (forms of address, greetings) are typically formulated as issues requiring normative guidance. The analysis of the consultant’s answer also shows that in the case of politeness questions the language consulting strategy requires, in addition to knowledge of scientific findings, an awareness of the community’s politeness, an understanding of the socio-cultural situation and environment of the inquirer, and an identification of his/her linguistic and social attitudes.
role of discursive structure in the genre specification of online discourses
Authors: Ballagó Júlia
Published: April 2024

The paper starts with the assumption that each time people engage in discourses, they perform social actions in order to adaptively satisfy their communicative purposes and needs (cf. Verschueren–Brisard 2009; Steen 2011; Giltrow 2013). Moreover, these social actions form types in accordance with the typical co-occurrences of typical discourse situations involving typical roles, typical themes and typical communicative goals tar- geted by discourse participants (cf. Bakhtin 1986). These typical co-occurrences serve as ground for the functioning of genre knowledge and result in typical patterns of construal.

In this paper, I present a two-pronged empirical study that reveals the role of discursive structure in the creation of the genre-specific character of online discourses. By discursive structural units, I mean discourse segments (usually larger than one sentence but smaller than the entire discourse) used by the speaker to accomplish a communicative strategy aimed at achieving a more specific communicative purpose. During the research, I used two types of data. On the one hand, I compiled a research corpus consisting of 50 online recipes and 50 online book reviews in Hungarian. On the other hand, I conducted an experiment in which one group of Hungarian native speaker informants (25 persons) had to create a recipe for a good novel, while another group of informants (25 persons) had to write a review of a given recipe. The research thus focused on the genres of recipe and (book) review. I performed corpus-based qualitative analyses on both datasets using the MAXQDA software. After carefully developing a data-driven annotation system on a smaller pilot material, I systematically identified the communicative strategic units of both the non-elicited and the elicited dataset [cf. Swales’s (1990) move structure analysis]. The research findings are as follows: (i) Discursive structure formed by the speaker’s communicative strategies is a genre-marking quality of the online discourses under study. (ii) Recipes written by laypersons and professionals do not have a different discursive structure but the identified discursive structure is very clearly manifested. (iii) Book reviews written by lay readers differ significantly from those written by professional critics in terms of discursive structure and this sharp differentiation reveals a separation between two more specific genres, i.e. amateur book review and professional critique.
Data Privacy and Cyber Security in Digital Library Perspective: Safe Guarding User Information Rudrani Saha
Authors: Saha Rudrani
Published: April 2024

In an era the security is very much important/essential for information and knowledge. As Knowledge/information enlarging the need to arrange it and to provide sufficient security become more processing. These study measure libraries to follow different standards, technology and rules to protect user data and ensure privacy when accessing e – resources and other information. Also discussing the importance of cyber security in the digital library landscape. Also different challenges associated with safe guarding sensitive information within library e - resources. It explores various dimensions of data privacy, user confidentiality, data encryption, access control and compliance with privacy regulations. By addressing these challenges comprehensively, libraries can ensure the preservation of user privacy while maximizing the benefits of digital resources in today’s information centric landscape. In October 2023 Rhysida, a hacker group, attacked the online information systems of the British Library. So, Data Privacy and cybersecurity is most important for Digital Library. Keywords: Data Privacy, Library e-Resources, Cyber security, Confidentiality, Access Control, Compliance, Ethical Considerations, Best Practices.
The Importance of Centroid in Image Processing
Authors:   General Engineering, Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Mumbai., Parthe Rupesh M
Published: April 2024

Image processing plays a crucial role in various fields such as medicine, robotics, security, and more. Among the multitude of techniques employed in image processing, the concept of centroids holds significant importance. The centroid, representing the centre of mass or geometric centre of an object, serves as a fundamental metric for various tasks including object detection, tracking, classification, and feature extraction. This paper explores the importance of centroids in image processing, discussing its theoretical background, practical applications, challenges, and prospects. Key Words: Centroid, Image Processing
STUDY ON MANAGEMENT OF WORKING CAPITAL OF COFORGE LTD
Authors: KUMAR RANJAN
Published: April 2024

The project report provides a comprehensive analysis of working capital management at Coforge IT Solutions Ltd., emphasizing the practical experience gained in a corporate setting. The report outlines the finance department’s functions, divisional structure, and decision-making processes related to working capital management. Key aspects such as the relationship between a company’s short-term assets and liabilities, and the goal of ensuring sufficient cash flow for operational expenses and debt obligations are discussed. The report details the use of working capital in various aspects of the company’s operations, including raw materials, work in progress, finished goods, inventories, sundry debtors, and day-to-day cash requirements. Furthermore, the report includes a detailed analysis of financial ratios over the last five years, such as working capital turnover ratio, quick ratio, current ratio, and inventory turnover ratio. It concludes that Coforge IT Solutions Ltd. Effectively manages its working capital, with all departments working in coordination. However, the report also provides suggestions for further improvement based on the project study, aiming to enhance the company’s progress. The period considered for the study is five years i.e from Financial year 2018-19 to 2022-23. The research methodology adopted for this study is both primary and secondary of data which include annual reports & websites, questionnaire, phone call interview & face to face meeting. This project tries to evaluate how the management of working capital is done in Coforge IT Solutions Ltd. Through Intra Firm Ratio Analysis and comparative Statement Analysis. The Study of working capital management has shown that Coforge IT Solutions Limited has a fairly strong working capital position. The company is also enjoying reasonable profits.
Indian Sign Language Detection using Machine Learning
Authors:   Sipna College of Engineering and technology , Information Technology, Wankhade Vaishnavi
Published: April 2024

Indian Sign Language (ISL) serves as a primary means of communication for millions of hearing-impaired individuals in India. However, the lack of comprehensive tools for interpreting ISL poses significant challenges in facilitating effective communication and integration of the deaf community into society. This research paper explores the advancements, challenges, and potential applications of Indian Sign Language detection technology. It provides an overview of existing techniques for ISL detection, including computer vision-based approaches and wearable devices. Additionally, the paper discusses the unique challenges associated with ISL detection, such as variations in gestures and environmental factors. Furthermore, it examines the potential applications of ISL detection technology in various domains, including education, healthcare, and accessibility. By analyzing current research trends and technological developments, this paper aims to contribute to the advancement of ISL detection technology and its societal impact. . KEYWORD : Indian Sign Language, Sign Language Detection, Computer Vision, Wearable Devices, Accessibility, Communication, Deaf Community
A Comprehensive Review of Intestinal Atresias
Authors: F. Peterson Pete , Burjonrappa athyaprasad
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Intestinal atresia is an uncommon but challenging disease that requires a high level of suspicion for timely diagnosis and expeditious treatment. Its incidence ranges anywhere from 3.4 per 10,000 to 1 per 66,000 live births. Herein we present a comprehensive review of the various presentations of Intestinal Atresia and provide an algorithm for its evaluation. Methods: A review of modern English Language in Index databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, etc) in the English language was preformed. The etiology, pathophysiology, and management of the intestinal atresia at different levels of the intestinal tract were studied. Results: Atresia is often diagnosed soon after birth and requires a multidisciplinary approach for optimal outcomes. Duodenal atresia is associated with many congenital anomalies and requires a multisystem workup once diagnosed. Jejuno-ilealatresia is the most common intestinal atresia and has fewer associated congenital defects than duodenal atresia. Colonic atresia is the rarest of the intestinal atresias but often has the best outcome as long as it is promptly diagnosed and treatment is not delayed.
Effects of Ultrasonic Stimulation and Light Intensity on the Growth Rate and Biomass Productivity of Chlorella ellipsoidea in a Closed-Batch Cultivation System
Authors: Sintupachee Siriluk , Theerapisit Sudarat , Rodjaroen Somrak
Published: April 2024

Microalgae exhibit high nutritional value as animal feed in aquatic animal nurseries. Therefore, approaches to enhance biomass productivity are of great economic significance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic wave stimulation on the specific growth rate and biomass yield of Chlorella ellipsoidea strain TISTR 8260. C. ellipsoidea stimulated by ultrasonic waves at 50 Hz for 1, 5, and 10 min were cultivated in a closed-batch cultivation system with varying light intensities. Data revealed that stimulation for 1 min and rearing at 71.43 μmol m−2 s−1 resulted in the highest biomass productivity and specific growth rates, with averages of 0.89±0.008 g/L/day and 0.59±0.009 per day, respectively. The findings of this study emphasize the usefulness of ultrasonic waves in enhancing the biomass productivity of microalgae.
Influence of Inhibitors from Microwave Pretreatment of Oil Palm Frond Pulping (OPFP) on Bioethanol Production
Authors: Srimachai Tussanee , Rattanadilok Na Phuket Kiattisak
Published: April 2024

This research aims to analyze the influence of inhibitors from microwave pretreatment of oil palm frond pulping (OPFP) on the efficiency of bioethanol fermentation by S.cerevisiae in the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes. OPFPs were achieved at different ages: 3-4, 4-7, 7-10, 10-20, and 20-25 years old. OPFP was pretreated with a microwave and sulfuric acid (MW/SF), microwave and hydrogen sulfide (MW/HP), and microwave and water (MW/W). The results showed that the main inhibitors formed during the pretreatment process of OPFP were acetic acid, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furfural, formic acid, and phenol. The pretreatment of OPFP with MW/W had the lowest concentrations of inhibitors compared to the other pretreatment methods. The highest bioethanol yields at all ages of OPFP were in the range of 0.41-0.42 g-bioethanol/g-glucose, corresponding to more than 80% fermentation efficiency. At these conditions, the concentrations of the acetic acid were 0.09-0.19 g/l, HMF =0, furfural =0, formic acid 0.05-0.28 g/l, and phenol 0.22-0.47 g/l. The MW/W was the suitable pretreatment of OPFP for bioethanol production due to the lowest to generate the inhibitor and high ethanol production yield.
Developing of Construction Permit Application System by Adopting Agile Methodology
Authors: Phongphanich Dolluck , Krachangsri Chutamas , Phuakkhong Kanjana , Prommuang Nattayanee , Prayoonwong Amorntip , Sinwittayarak Somkid
Published: April 2024

Agile methodology is one of the most widely used methodologies in software development in many agencies and organizations thanks to its quick response to user’s needs and feedback and high level of user participation in the development process. This research aimed to develop a construction permit application system to enhance local governmental organizations’ efficiency in providing services to residents by applying Agile methodology and assessing user satisfaction with the system efficiency. The system was developed in the form of a responsive web application. The research was carried out in 2 parts: 1) System development by applying Agile methodology, and 2) Measuring user satisfaction in the efficiency of construction permit application system using black-box testing with a 5-point scale rating and applying descriptive statistics, namely average and standard deviation. The results from the research indicated that user satisfaction with the efficiency of the construction permit application system by adopting Agile methodology was at a very high level, scoring an average of 4.55 and a standard deviation of 0.57. The developed system using Agile led to the practical construction permit application system, which effectively met user’s needs. The system also met the standard criteria, which include the ability to operate according to functionalities designed, user-friendliness, system performance, and satisfaction with security features. Moreover, the system development using Agile also provided quick responses to user needs and thorough, continuous engagements from all users in operations management. This would aid in developing a system that met the users needs and truly addressed current challenges.
Carbon Footprint Assessment Based on Life Cycle Assessment of Biomass Power Plant
Authors: Kaewmanee Jutamas , Pradabphetrat Piyaruk , Rangpan Vichit
Published: April 2024

This research aims to study the carbon footprint based on the life cycle assessment of biomass power plants. Covering the acquisition of raw materials to the end of the production process in biomass power plants (cradle to grave: C2G). The study proposes constructive ways to reduce the carbon footprint of biomass power plants. Conducted research consisting of 3 phases: phase 1, the rubber plantation process; phase 2, the rubber wood processing plant; and phase 3, the biomass power plant. Assessment of carbon footprint: following the principle of life cycle assessment, the results of the carbon footprint assessment found that in Phase 1, the process of growing rubber trees throughout the life cycle calculated the carbon footprint of the sample group as average greenhouse gas emissions from fresh rubber wood and combined with the average greenhouse gas emissions from rubber wood timbers of 1.1186 kgCO2eq per day. In phase 2, rubber wood processing plants throughout the life cycle have average greenhouse gas emissions of 15,319.11 kgCO2eq per day. In phase 3, biomass power plants electricity capacity is 9.9 MW per day, and their greenhouse gas emissions are 44,753.60 kg CO2eq per day. The result found that greenhouse gas emissions from biomass power plants per 1 kWh accounted for a carbon dioxide equivalent of 4.52 kgCO2eq. Calculate the predictor factors affecting the amount of greenhouse gases in biomass power plants in raw score form as Y = 373.516 +.082 (raw material quantity), where Y is the greenhouse gas emission (kgCO2eq), using the forecast equation in standard score form. With Z =.983raw material quantity3, It was found that the quantity of raw materials had a positive correlation with the quantity of greenhouse gases at a statistical significance of .01 with a correlation coefficient of .983, which could explain the variability of the variables of the quantity of greenhouse gases with 96.70 percent accuracy.
Impacts of Climate Change and Regional Variations on Future Rainfall Patterns in Thailand by Downscaling Method
Authors: Maichandee Supanee , Namwong Prachaya , Methakeson Onuma
Published: April 2024

In this study, we investigated the impacts of climate change on rainfall patterns in Thailand using the downscaling method. The simulation data was obtained from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, using the Community Earth System Model (CCSM) as a boundary condition. The characteristics of rainfall were analyzed in terms of the total annual rainfall, rainfall intensity, the number of days with heavy rain, and the total amount of rainfall in each season in the future compared to the base periods. It was found that the simulation of the climate in upper Thailand was consistent with the reanalysis values, with TCC ranging from 0.6 to 0.9. The simulated annual rainfall amount is underestimated throughout the country. There are indications that rainfall will increase in average and extreme terms in some regions, including the eastern region of the Northeast, the western side of the North, and the upper part of the West. In the southern part of the country, the overall rainfall indices are expected to decrease with low confidence in almost the entire region.
Molecular Docking of Bioactive Compounds from Thai Medicinal Plants Against Xanthine Oxidase for Gout Treatment
Authors: Pothipongsa Apiradee , Damsud Thanakorn , Burut-Archanai Surachet
Published: April 2024

Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a crucial enzyme of the purine catabolism pathway, which catalyzes the reaction of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. The high level of uric acid leads to gout, kidney disease, and several disorders. In this study, molecular docking was performed to investigate potential bioactive compounds from Thai medicinal plants that acted as XO inhibitors compared to commercial drugs. Among 30 bioactive compounds tested, 16 were classified as strong XO inhibitors. These compounds include asiatic acid, benzyl glucosinolate, beta-sitosterol, chlorogenic acid, curcumin, eupatorin, gamma-mangostin, hibiscitrin, lutein, nimbolide, piperine, quercetin, rosmarinic acid, rutin, sesamin, and vitexin. They exhibited binding affinity values ranging from -8.5 to -10.6 kcal/mol. Moreover, moderate XO inhibitors were identified with binding affinity of -6.2 to -8.0 kcal/mol, consisting of the 7 compounds of gallic acid, garcinia acid, gingerol, limonene, linalyl acetate, panduratin A, and scopoletin. As a result, Thai medicinal plants could serve as potential sources of bioactive compounds for further drug design for treating gout patients.
Study of Orbit Motion of Hydrogen and Deuterium Beam Ions Toward Neutral Beam Injection Experiment in Thailand Tokamak-1
Authors: Wangkhahat Pitchayada , Sangaroon Siriyaporn , Wisitsorasak Apiwat , Ogawa Kunihiro , Poolyarat Nopporn , Isobe Mitsutaka
Published: April 2024

Thailand Tokamak-1 (TT-1) is a small tokamak under the operation of the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology. In our future plans, TT-1 has the feasibility of being equipped with external heating systems to achieve high-performance plasma operation and conduct physics associated with fast ions generated by the external heating system. One of the potential external heating systems under consideration is a positive-ion-source-based neutral beam injection (NBI) heating system. The primary source of fast ions for the NBI can be either hydrogen or deuterium-doped hydrogen beams. This study examines how hydrogen and deuterium ions, namely protons and deuterons, respectively, move in orbits, using the Lorentz orbit (LORBIT) code to track their full gyromotion. The energy of the ions has been varied between 200 eV and 40 keV. Three trajectory motions have been characterized, i.e., counter-passing ion, co-passing ion, and trapped ion. The average Larmor radius, dependent on the ion energies, has been investigated. The Larmor radius significantly increases with increasing ion energy in the case of trapped ions, while in the case of counter- and co-passing ions, the Larmor radius exhibits a slight increase with increasing ion energy. Furthermore, the pitch angle range of the lost ion in the TT-1 has been investigated. The results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing a deuterium-doped hydrogen beam in TT-1 to study fast ion physics. To avoid a large number of lost ions, it is possible to use a deuterium-doped hydrogen beam with an energy not exceeding approximately 10 keV in the TT-1.