bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexible Differentiable Optimization via Model Transformations
Authors: Besançon Mathieu , Dias Garcia Joaquim , Legat Benoît , Sharma Akshay
Published: November 2023

We introduce DiffOpt.jl, a Julia library to differentiate through the solution of optimization problems with respect to arbitrary parameters present in the objective and/or constraints. The library builds upon MathOptInterface, thus leveraging the rich ecosystem of solvers and composing well with modeling languages like JuMP. DiffOpt offers both forward and reverse differentiation modes, enabling multiple use cases from hyperparameter optimization to backpropagation and sensitivity analysis, bridging constrained optimization with end-to-end differentiable programming. DiffOpt is built on two known rules for differentiating quadratic programming and conic programming standard forms. However, thanks to its ability to differentiate through model transformations, the user is not limited to these forms and can differentiate with respect to the parameters of any model that can be reformulated into these standard forms. This notably includes programs mixing affine conic constraints and convex quadratic constraints or objective function.

History: Accepted by Ted Ralphs, Area Editor for Software Tools.

Funding: The work of A. Sharma on DiffOpt.jl was funded by the Google Summer of Code program through NumFocus. M. Besançon was partially supported through the Research Campus Modal funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [Grant 05M14ZAM, 05M20ZBM]. J. Dias Garcia was supported in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. B. Legat was supported by a BAEF Postdoctoral Fellowship, the NSF [Grant OAC-1835443], and the ERC Adv. [Grant 885682].

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0283 ), as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0283 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Unveiling the Enigma: Uncommon Hand Giant Cell Tumor within the Tendon Sheath
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India,, Khinchi Pradeep , Sathiyaseelan Naveen ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Tak Qadir Anwar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India,, Carpenter Manohar Lal ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India,, Meena Mahaveer ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India,
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS), also known as tenosynovial giant cell tumor or pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis, is a rare benign soft-tissue tumor with an unclear cause. It is the second most frequent soft-tissue tumor in the hand after ganglion cyst. Case Report: We described a female patient, age 19, who has had a 3 cm × 2 cm firm swelling on the palmer aspect of the right second metacarpal region for 7 years. The bulge developed spontaneously and moved quite slowly. It is required to do a histological and radiographic evaluation to determine whether or not to pursue additional treatment. Excision surgery was done, and the tumor was entirely removed. According to histopathology, this mass was compatible with GCTTS without being malignant. Conclusion: It is an uncommon instance of GCTTS at the hand, to sum up. The tumor should be entirely excised due to its high risk of recurrence to lower the likelihood of recurrence and restore hand function. Keywords: Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, tenosynovial giant cell tumor, pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis, soft-tissue tumor.
Peroneal Artery Pseudoaneurysm after Surgery for Non-union of Tibia: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors:   Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, AIIMS, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India,, Upadhyaya Gaurav Kumar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, AIIMS, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India,, Singh Pulkesh ,   Department of Orthopaedics, AIIMS, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India,, Rawat Sanjay Singh ,   Department of Orthopaedics, AIIMS, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India,, Srivastava Niraj Kumar ,   Department of General Surgery, AIIMS, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India., Dwivedi Abhishek ,   Department of Orthopaedics, AIIMS, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India,
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Arterial pseudoaneurysm is a hematoma that is formed after damage to the arterial wall. We report a rare case of peroneal artery pseudoaneurysm after open reduction and internal fixation with interlocking nailing and partial fibulectomy for non-union for the right tibia in a 31-year-old male. The patient presented with a bleeding sinus over the leg swelling, and it was managed with an exploration of the pseudoaneurysm and ligation of the peroneal artery. Case Report: A 30-year-old male patient presented with a non-union tibia on the right side and had undergone plating of the tibia at another institute for a fracture of both bone legs approximately 18 months ago. The revision surgery was performed in which a previously inserted implant was removed and an interlocking nail was inserted, along with a partial fibulectomy. The post-operative period was uneventful. At 8 weeks after the second surgery, the patient came with a complaint of swelling at the outer aspect of the right leg. Computed tomography and angiography confirmed a peroneal artery pseudoaneurysm of 3.2 × 2.8 × 3.8 cm. Pseudoaneurysm was explored, and the artery was overrun with a Figure-8 stitches using a monofilamentous, and non-absorbable suture. Conclusion: This case report highlights the occurrence of pseudoaneurysm after an orthoapedic procedure such as a partial fibulectomy. A high level of clinical suspicion, proper imaging, and early endovascular or surgical intervention is recommended to prevent complications. Keywords: Pseudoaneurysm, peroneal artery, partial fibulectomy.
Locked Posterior Shoulder Dislocation with a Large Bone Defect in an Active Patient Treated with Autograft
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, BJ Medical College, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India,, Patel Samarth , Shah Bhagya R ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute and Research Center, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India., Khara Amay ,   Department of Orthopaedics, BJ Medical College, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India,, Thasariya Faizan ,   Department of Orthopaedics, BJ Medical College, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India,
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Posterior glenohumeral joint dislocations are uncommon injuries. The disease often goes undiagnosed and untreated despite positive clinical signs. In the event of a large humeral bone defect, the outcome may be worse. Case Report: This case report presents a 47-year-old man with a 2-year-old locked posterior shoulder dislocation with a large segmental bone defect involving 40% of the humeral head’s articular surface. We decided to treat the patient with an open reduction of the shoulder dislocation and reconstruction of the articular surface with iliac crest autograft. We observed an improvement in shoulder mobility and range of motion on all planes, which were beneficial to the patient’s daily activities; at follow-up, no pain was reported. Conclusion: Our case report demonstrates that locked posterior shoulder dislocations with a large bone defect and viable humeral head can be treated using an autograft. This will result in optimal clinical results and avoid early prosthetic replacement surgery. Autograft may be a preferred method in the presence of economic constraints or due to the unavailability of allografts or implants. Keywords: Posterior shoulder dislocation, locked posterior shoulder dislocation, reverse hill-sachs lesion, impaction fractures of the anterior humeral head, reverse Bankart lesion, posterior bony glenoid and labrum capsular complex lesions, rotator cuff tears.
Cascaded sum frequency generation of ultraviolet laser radiation at 228  nm based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
Authors: Jin Yintong , Chen Zhen , Zhang Jialiang , Chen Changshui
Published: November 2023

A cascaded sum frequency generation (SFG) conversion scheme based on the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) technique is proposed for generating an ultraviolet laser radiation at 228 nm. The conversion involves two simultaneous SFG processes, in which the signal laser radiation is converted to ultraviolet laser radiation through a negligible intermediate laser radiation. Dark state expressions and adiabatic conditions are given. Numerical simulations demonstrate the efficient conversion processes in a nonlinear LaBGeO5 (LBGO) crystal, and the effects of the coupling modulation function, pump laser intensity, and temperature on the quantum conversion efficiency are investigated. Tunable output of ultraviolet laser radiation in the 210–250 nm range is achieved by varying the signal or pump laser radiation wavelength while maintaining other input parameters. The large amount of optical data obtained in this work will contribute to the generation of deep ultraviolet laser sources based on nonlinear cascaded frequency conversion.
Global terrestrial invasions: Where naturalised birds, mammals, and plants might spread next and what affects this process
Authors: Häkkinen Henry , Hodgson Dave , Early Regan
Published: November 2023

More species live outside their native range than at any point in human history. Yet, there is little understanding of the geographic regions that will be threatened if these species continue to spread, nor of whether they will spread. We predict the world’s terrestrial regions to which 833 naturalised plants, birds, and mammals are most imminently likely to spread, and investigate what factors have hastened or slowed their spread to date. There is huge potential for further spread of naturalised birds in North America, mammals in Eastern Europe, and plants in North America, Eastern Europe, and Australia. Introduction history, dispersal, and the spatial distribution of suitable areas are more important predictors of species spread than traits corresponding to habitat usage or biotic interactions. Natural dispersal has driven spread in birds more than in plants. Whether these taxa continue to spread more widely depends partially on connectivity of suitable environments. Plants show the clearest invasion lag, and the putative importance of human transportation indicates opportunities to slow their spread. Despite strong predictive effects, questions remain, particularly why so many birds in North America do not occupy climatically suitable areas close to their existing ranges.
Determinants of dietary patterns of Ghanaian mother-child dyads: A Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Kubuga Clement Kubreziga , Shin Dayeon , Song Won O.
Published: November 2023

Having a comprehensive understanding of a population’s dietary patterns is a key component of any effective strategy for preventing malnutrition, planning, and putting nutrition interventions and policies into place. It’s interesting to note that information on dietary patterns of Ghana’s vulnerable subpopulations of women and children is lacking. The purpose of this study is to characterize the dietary patterns of women (15–49 years old) and their young children (0–3 years old), as well as to investigate into the socioeconomic and demographic factors influencing the characterized dietary patterns. The sociodemographic information and food consumption of mother-child dyads (n = 1,548) were collected for this nationally representative cross-sectional study. Principal component analysis and multiple variable logistic regression were used, respectively, to determine the dietary patterns of dyads and the determinants of the identified dietary patterns. For women and children, respectively, four dietary patterns (‘Beverage & sugary based’, ‘Meat based’, ‘Indigenous- tuber based’ and ‘Indigenous- grain based’) and two (‘Indigenous’ and ‘Milk, Meat, & cereal based’) emerged. Ethnicity, wealth quintiles, parity, seasonality, dyad’s age, body mass index, education, residency, marital status, and household size were the socioeconomic / demographic determinants of the dietary patterns. To sum up for women and children, meat based and indigenous staple based dietary patterns were identified, with several important socioeconomic and demographic variables acting as predictors of the dietary patterns. The identified dietary patterns and their determinants may serve as a basis for nutrition intervention and policies for women and children in Ghana.
Countering colonial nostalgia and heroic masculinity in the age of accelerated climate change: The Arctic artworks of Katja Aglert and Isaac Julien
Authors: Bloom Lisa E.
Published: November 2023

This article explores two screen-based artworks: Katja Aglert’s Winter Event – Antifreeze (2009–18) and Isaac Julien’s True North (2004) respectively, that exemplify diverse viewpoints contesting the essentialized identities of the Arctic past. These artworks recover the histories of women, the Inuit and African American men’s involvement in polar exploration, reimagining heroic narratives from historically excluded or ignored perspectives. By employing irony and humour, these artworks expand our understanding of how media-based art can respond to the ironies of a warming planet and challenge colonial nostalgia for White male heroism. The artworks traverse not just the human imperialism of the colonial era but also the newer imperialism in the age of the Anthropocene and the Capitalocene, decentring the mythic and exotic qualities of expedition narratives. Ultimately, the irreverent artwork encourages us to rethink an aesthetics of the distanced sublime from Romantic aesthetics and its roots in European Universalism, promoting a more inclusive and intersectional approach to the Arctic and its representation.
Xenogenesis, The Otolith Group, curated by Annie Fletcher
Authors: Holly Michael
Published: November 2023

Review of: Xenogenesis, The Otolith Group, curated by Annie Fletcher

Reviewed by Michael Holly, University of Sussex

Irish Museum of Modern Art (IMMA), Dublin, Ireland,

7 July 2022-12 February 2023
Nota sobre a produção de cerâmica no período tardo‑antigo em Conimbriga
Authors: Correia Virgílio Hipólito
Published: November 2023

Apresenta‑se um conjunto de dados, provenientes de recentes trabalhos e de pesquisa em arquivos de anteriores escavações, relativos à presença de uma oficina tardo‑antiga de produção cerâmica em Conimbriga. O forno, principal elemento reconhecido dessa oficina (escavado em 1966) é caracterizado como um forno de câmara simples de ventilação descendente e comparado com outras instalações artesanais contemporâneas. A produção desse forno é caracterizada dentro dos conjuntos de grés conhecidos. A oficina é datada numa flecha compreendida entre a segunda metade do séc. V e o séc. VII d.C.
Die Auslandsmontage als Markteintritts- und Marktbearbeitungsstrategie der Automobilhersteller
Authors: Riess Victoria
Published: November 2023

Der Markteintritt und die Marktbearbeitung der Emerging Markets wird für Automobilhersteller zum Imperativ. Die reifen Automobilmärkte der Triade Westeuropa, USA und Japan befinden sich – unter anderem – aufgrund des geringen Wirtschaftswachstums in einer Sättigungsphase. Das Wachstum findet in den Wachstumsmärkten statt; allein 2010 stiegen die Neuwagenverkäufe in China um 34 Prozent, in Indien um 31 Prozent, in Indonesien um 51 Prozent et cetera. Die Liberalisierung des Welthandels fördert den globalen Markteintritt der Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEMs) in Emerging Markets. Daneben nimmt jedoch der Einsatz nicht-tarifärer Handelshemmnisse vor allem in Wachstumsmärkten zu – der sogenannte „neue Protektionismus“: Einfuhrkontingente und -quoten, Kompensationsvorschriften, Verbraucherschutzbestimmungen, local content-Auflagen et cetera erschweren oder verhindern im Rahmen eines versteckten, verschleierten Protektionismus den Markteintritt in Emerging Markets. Das Spannungsfeld aus globaler Öffnung und lokalen Anforderungen der Emerging Markets erfordert daher in Form der Auslandsmontage eine andere Markteintrittsform als die klassischen Markteintrittsstrategien Export und Auslandsproduktion. Die Auslandmontage ist somit auch 100 Jahre, nachdem 1904 die Ford Motor Company in Walkersville, Kanada, die ersten, aus den USA gelieferten Fahrzeugteilesätze montierte, als Markteintrittsstrategie von Bedeutung. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird daher die Forschungsfrage aufgeworfen, wie OEMs Wachstumsmärkte durch die Markteintrittsstrategie Auslandsmontage bearbeiten. Die Entscheidung für die Markteintrittsform Auslandsmontage impliziert für Automobilhersteller das Bespielen stark interdependenter „Gestaltungsgrößen“: Produkt, Produktion, local content, Logistik. Daher stellt sich die Frage der Implementierung der Markteintrittsstrategie in die Funktionsbereiche der Unternehmung, einschließlich der Frage nach der organisatorischen Integration der Projektplanung und Projektsteuerung Auslandmontage in die Unternehmung.
The role of antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: systematic review
Authors: Ishmuratova A. N. , Abramov M. A. , Kuznetsov K. O. , Ivanyuta M. V. , Shakirova Z. F. , Kitapova A. I. , Usmonov M. D. , Chernousova L. M. , Valeeva L. I. , Kuznetsova A. Yu. , Baislamov A. S. , Shaihetdinova A. R. , Mirgaliev A. A. , Orozberdiev S. T. , Yakupova K. I.
Published: November 2023

Recent studies show that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has many common links with conditions associated with insulin resistance, including neuroinflammation, impaired insulin signaling, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic syndrome. The authors conducted an electronic search for publications in the PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases using the keywords “amyloid beta”, “Alzheimer type-3-diabetes”, “intranasal insulin”, “metformin”, “type 2 diabetes mellitus”, “incretins” and “PPARy agonists». A systematic literature search was conducted among studies published between 2005 and 2022. The authors used the following inclusion criteria: 1) Subjects who received therapy for AD and/or DM2, if the expected result concerned the risk of cognitive decline or the development of dementia; 2) The age of the study participants is > 50 years; 3) The type of studies included in this review were randomized clinical trials, population-based observational studies or case-control studies, prospective cohort studies, as well as reviews and meta-analyses; 4) The included articles were written in English. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in identifying the mechanisms of action of antidiabetic drugs and their potential use in AD. Human studies involving patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease have shown that the administration of certain antidiabetic drugs, such as intranasal insulin, metformin, incretins and thiazolidinediones, can improve cognitive function and memory. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of AD. According to the results of the study, metformin, intranasal insulin, thiazolidinediones and incretins showed a positive effect both in humans and in animal models. Recent studies show that thiazolidinediones can activate pathways in the brain that are regulated by IGF-1; however, rosiglitazone may pose a significant risk of side effects. The results of clinical studies on the use of metformin in AD are limited and contradictory.
Association between treatment outcome and age in tuberculosis and diabetes patients: a population analysis
Authors: Yeraliyeva L. T. , Issayeva A. M.
Published: November 2023

Background. The undoubted importance of this work lies in the fact that for the first time in the Republic of Kazakhstan, an analysis is being made of the relationship between age and treatment outcome in patients with a comorbid diagnosis of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus.

Purpose of the study. Identification of the correlation between the age of patients with tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus and the outcome of treatment.

Materials and methods. Cross-sectional retrospective study of 2,125 patients with TB and diabetes mellitus out of a total of 43,807 of all patients diagnosed with TB (2017-2019). The study analyzed the data of patients with comorbidity from all regions of Kazakhstan (data from 14 regions and 3 cities of republican significance) (2017-2019).

Results. A high prevalence of tuberculosis morbidity with a concomitant diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in the age group from 45 to 64 years was revealed. This group consisted of 1193 patients out of 2115 (56.4% of the total number of patients with tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus). The average age of all studied patients with DM was 54.7±13.4 years. There is a positive correlation between age and treatment outcome in TB patients. Mortality was higher in the age group over 45 years old – OR95%CI = 0.213 [0.019–2.362], p – 0.0000015 (p < 0.05).
A Comparative Study of Different Materials for Manufacturing of Miniature Spur Gears by Spark Erosion Wire Cutting Process
Authors: Chaubey Sujeet Kumar , Gupta Kapil , Jain Neelesh Kumar
Published: November 2023

Selection of suitable materials plays a key role in machining to produce durable and good quality micro parts and components as well as improve the productivity of machining processes. This paper presents the performance evaluation of Spark Erosion Wire Cutting (SEWC) for the manufacturing of miniature gears from different materials, namely stainless steel SS 304, aluminum 7075, copper, and brass. The major objectives of this performance evaluation of SEWC are to determine the effect of gear materials on the quality of the gears, the economic aspects of miniature gears, and the productivity of SEWC for fabricating miniature spur gears. The optimal range of SEWC parameters from past research works was considered for conducting experiments for this study. Four miniature spur gears were fabricated from each gear material. It was concluded from this study that 1) the use of SS 304 as miniature spur gear material results in a better surface finish than aluminum, copper and brass; 2) use of aluminum as miniature gear material is more productive than SS 304, copper and brass; 3) aluminum is more economical and material-efficient than SS 304, copper and brass to fabricate miniature gears by SEWC; 4) material lost in copper is higher as compared to other selected materials; and 5) cost of SS 304 miniature gear is more as compared to other fabricated gears by SEWC.
Ideal Fuzzy Semiring Atas Level Subset
Authors: Abdurrahman Saman
Published: November 2023

Semiring merupakan salah satu perluasan dari ring, dengan cara menghilangan salah satu aksioma pada operasi pertama yaitu aksioma invers. Pada semiring terdapat konsep subsemiring dan ideal dengan kondisi bahwa setiap ideal semiring adalah selalu subsemiring. Tetapi kondisi kebalikannya belum tentu berlaku. Selain konsep subsemiring dan ideal semiring, pada struktur semiring diperkenalkan konsep homomorfisma semiring. Kondisi ini, analog dengan homomorfisma di ring, sehingga sifat-sifat yang ada pada semiring dapat dinduksi dari sifat - sifat di ring, seperti konsep image dan preimage di bawah homomorfisma semiring analog dengan konsep image dan preimage di bawah homomorfisma ring. Konsep ideal pada semiring jika dipadukan dengan konsep fuzzy, akan menghasilkan konsep baru, yaitu konsep ideal fuzzy semiring. Pada makalah ini, akan diperkenalkan konsep ideal fuzzy semiring, image dan preimage ideal fuzzy dari suatu homomorfisma semiring. Lebih lanjut, akan diselidiki sifat-sifat ideal fuzzy semiring, image dan preimage ideal fuzzy dibawah homomorfisma semiring melalui suatu level subset.
[Semiring is one of the extensions of the ring by disappearing one of the axioms in the first operation, namely the inverse axiom. In semiring, there is the concept of subsemiring and ideal with the condition that every ideal semiring is always subsemiring. However, the opposite condition does not necessarily apply. In addition to the concept of subsemiring and the ideal of a semiring, in the semiring structure was introduced the concept of semiring homomorphism. This condition is analogous to the homomorphism in the ring so that the properties present in the semiring can be induced from the properties in the ring, such as the concept of image and preimage under the homomorphism of semiring analogous to the concept of image and preimage under the homomorphism of the ring. If combined with the fuzzy concept, the ideal concept in semiring will produce a new concept, namely the ideal concept of fuzzy semiring. This paper will introduce the concept of an ideal fuzzy semiring, image, and preimage ideal fuzzy from a semiring homomorphism. Furthermore, the properties of the fuzzy ideal semiring, image, and preimage of the fuzzy ideal will be investigated under the semiring homomorphism through a subset level.]
Analysis of Traffic Accident Correspondence in Central Java Province
Authors: Fitriani Regita Nurul , Khasanah Nur
Published: November 2023

The transportation sector can facilitate and accelerate human activities. However, the development of the transportation sector has a negative impact that causes traffic jams and causes traffic accidents. Traffic accidents can cause fatalities which are divided into 3 categories, namely minor injuries, serious injuries, and death. This study aims to analyze the relationship between district or city variables in the province of Central Java with the status of the category of accident victims that occurred in 2019 – 2020. This study uses R Studio software as a tool to facilitate data analysis. The method used is correspondence analysis by representing the results obtained through the correspondence graph that is formed. In two consecutive years, accidents were dominated by victims of the minor injury status category in the city of Surakarta with a percentage of 94,7% in 2019 and 94,6% in 2020.
Extending understanding of the relationship between school district COVID-19 reopening plan signals and enrollment decline
Authors: Diemer Andrew R. , Shelton Amy J. , Park Aaron , Langley Paula , Anglum J. Cameron
Published: November 2023

Preceding the 2020-21 school year, school districts engaged their communities by sharing pandemic school reopening plans, outlining the learning modalities and support services to be made accessible to students. Existing research has highlighted a connection between a district’s primary reopening method and changes in student enrollment—a crucial aspect for gauging responsiveness to different learning environments. Conversely, limited research has established the relationship between new health and safety procedures, provisions for vulnerable students, learning support services, or the level of community engagement undertaken by a district in creating reopening plans and student enrollment change, independent of the method of reopening (e.g., in-person or distanced). We do so using two methodological approaches. First, we use differences-in-differences approaches to estimate the impact of reopening method on enrollment changes. Second, we leverage granular data of reopening plans for a representative sample of Missouri school districts in a triple-differences approach. We find that signaling the intent to begin the school year with distanced instruction generated a 3% decline in enrollment beyond pandemic-era declines, concentrated among the youngest students. Extending existing reopening findings, we also estimate that enrollment declined an additional 5% in middle schools where districts did not require masking.
Composition of Functional Bacteria on Suppressive and Conducive Soil for Fusarium Wilt on Chilli (Capsicum annum)
Authors: Khansa Amara  , Giyanto  , WIDODO  , I Made Sudiana
Published: November 2023

Fenomena tanah supresif telah banyak dikaji sebagai metode pengendalian penyakit tanaman alami di lapangan dan dicirikan dengan banyaknya sejumlah mikrob fungsional yang mampu menekan populasi patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dan membandingkan komposisi bakteri fungsional pada tanah supresif dan kondusif layu fusarium. Metode penelitian terdiri atas pengambilan sampel tanah di lapangan, isolasi bakteri fungsional dari sampel tanah supresif (TS) dan kondusif (TK), penghitungan populasi dan jenis bakteri, penapisan berdasarkan keamanan hayati, dan karakterisasi bakteri fungsional dalam menekan Fusarium oxysporum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi bakteri pada TS lebih tinggi dibandingkan TK, khususnya bakteri toleran panas dan Pseudomonas kelompok fluorescent. Hal ini didukung dengan tingginya nilai keanekaragaman bakteri fungsional pada TS (H’ 3.70 > 3) dibandingkan TK yang tergolong sedang (1 < H’ 2.07 < 3), dengan sebaran bakteri fungsional tergolong hampir merata dan tidak ditemukan adanya dominansi jenis tertentu pada TS maupun TK. Persentase bakteri nonpatogenik pada TS lebih tinggi dibandingkan TK, masing-masing 51% dan 23%. Bakteri tersebut berpotensi sebagai plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) dengan memproduksi IAA atau melarutkan fosfat saja, masing-masing 24% dan 10% pada TS, sedangkan pada TK masing-masing 14% dan 29%. Hanya bakteri yang berasal dari tanah supresif yang mampu memproduksi IAA sekaligus melarutkan fosfat dengan persentase sebanyak 48%.
Recommendation Engine on IPTV
Authors: Njuhovic Vedad , Jukic Samed
Published: November 2023

In recent years IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) platforms are becoming one of the most popular entertainment multimedia services which are used to serve movies, tv-series and other video and audio attractive content using the Internet Protocol. VoD (Video on Demand) is the most popular multimedia IPTV service, which provides content without the need for the old traditional way of using video playback devices. Except that it is necessary to have high-quality VoD content, IPTV platforms must provide the best end-user experience. Moreover, it is imperative to provide new features to attract new customers and keep the existing ones. We confirmed the efficacy of this classifier thru simple trial and error. When we searched for movies that have sequels, our engine recommended those sequels. Since Cosine Similarity Classifier considers multiple factors, such as actor, genre, year, etc. Even if the movie does not have prequels or sequels this algorithm was able to provide us with movies that share other common characteristics.
Prevalence of rs2108622 (CYP4F2*3) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism – A Review
Authors: Ziga Selma , Efendic Hana , Besic Larisa
Published: November 2023

Cardiovascular diseases are known to be treated with anticoagulants lifelong. Warfarin is one of the most commonly used medications for anticoagulation despite causing serious side effects in some patients. Different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have a role in the cytochrome P450 system can also affect the metabolism, as well as dosing, of warfarin. The purpose of this review is to look into the prevalence of this SNP in the past research and screen for possible correlations with age, place of origin, family history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, or other medical conditions possibly present in various populations. In total, 20 scientific articles falling under the inclusion criteria were reviewed and found usable, and the rest of the cases will be highly beneficial in the upcoming years to determine the role of the recently discovered CYP4F2 rs2108622 variant, as well as the previously known CYP2C9 and VKORC1 SNPs, in the variance of warfarin dose requirement. These findings may also point researchers in the right direction for qualifying and validating these genetic variants for use as GBs (genomic biomarkers) in the clinical and medical practice of treatment with warfarin.
Frequency Locked Loop in Estimating Active, Reactive and Apparent Powers
Authors: Lihic Meris , Lubura Slobodan
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a new power calculation method has been presented. This method is based on a second-order generalized integrator frequency locked loop (SOGIFLL) and has enhanced features over classical methods for power calculation widely used in industry. The FLLs have a wide variety of applications such as power converters, grid synchronization, sensorless flux estimation, and control of motor drives. The nature of the FLL allows for it to be a potentially perfect calculation method for power calculation. The obtained results showcase the effectiveness of the proposed power calculation method.
Impact Deforestation on Land Surface Temperature: A Case Study Highland Kundasang, Sabah
Authors: Kemarau Ricky Anak , Eboy Oliver Valentine , Sakawi Zaini , Suab Stanley Anak , Md Nor Nik Norliati Fitri
Published: November 2023

In recent decades, extensive deforestation in tropical regions has dynamically reshaped forests and land cover. Driven by demands for intensified agriculture, rural settlement expansion, and urban growth, this transformation underscores the need for vigilant monitoring of vegetation and forest cover to comprehend global and local environmental shifts. This study focuses on the intricate interplay between deforestation and its impact on land surface temperature (LST) within Sabah's Kundasang highland. Analyzing years 1990, 2009, and 2021, the study employs Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellite data spanning three decades to decipher forest cover dynamics. Utilizing remote sensing techniques, it unveils the evolving relationship between deforestation, forest cover, and LST fluctuations, validated using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) insights from 1990 to 2021. Motivated by the scarcity of research on tropical deforestation's LST impact, the study's core aim is to establish a robust link between forest loss extent and ensuing thermal changes. The findings highlight a tangible influence of reduced vegetation on rising surface temperatures, necessitating a precise understanding of deforested areas and their thermal responses. Revealing a striking scenario, around 76% of Kundasang highland's forest cover transformed into agriculture and urban zones over 27 years. The study further uncovers a clear inverse relationship between LST and forest area in square kilometers, as well as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). These findings provide valuable guidance for forest management, identifying vulnerable areas, while also empowering local governance to shape sustainable land management strategies.
Modeling the renoprotective mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibition in hypertensive chronic kidney disease
Authors: Clemmer John S. , Yen Timothy E. , Obi Yoshitsugu
Published: November 2023

Sodium‐glucose cotransporter (SGLT)‐2 inhibitors have recently been approved for chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on their ability to lower proteinuria and slow CKD progression independent of diabetes status. In diabetic renal disease, modulation of tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) leading to lower intraglomerular pressure has been postulated as one of the mechanisms of renal protection with SGLT2 inhibition; however, this mechanism has not been sufficiently explored in non‐diabetic CKD. We hypothesized that SGLT2 inhibition exerts renoprotection in CKD through increasing TGF despite normoglycemia. To test this hypothesis, we used an integrative mathematical model of human physiology, HumMod. Stage 3 CKD conditions were simulated by reducing nephron mass which was associated with hypertension, low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (55 mL/min), hyperfiltration of remnant nephrons, elevated albuminuria (500 mg/day), and minimal levels of urinary glucose (0.02 mmol/L). SGLT2 inhibition was associated with acute reductions in GFR associated with afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction due to TGF. After 12 months, glomerular pressure, nephron damage, and chronic GFR decline were reduced with SGLT2 inhibition with additional SGLT1 inhibitory effects further enhancing these effects. This model supports the use of SGLT2 inhibitors to reduce hyperfiltration in CKD and mitigate renal disease progression, even in the absence of diabetes.
Bioinformatic analysis of smoothelin family members supports tissue‐specific functions of unique C‐terminal calponin homology domains
Authors: Garg Dhruv , Fisher Steven A.
Published: November 2023

Smoothelins are cytoskeletal proteins with a single C‐terminal calponin homology domain type 2 (CHD2). Little is known about the significance of variation in SMTN CHD2 domains, addressed here through analysis of public databases. A conserved 152 nt penultimate constitutive exon present in all SMTNs encodes helices II‐IV of CHD2 with high identity (nt/aa 63/65%). Variable CHD2s of SMTN (helices IV‐VI) are generated by alternative splicing of 165 nt exon E20. E20 and the CHD2 it encodes have high homology with the terminal constitutive exon of SMTNL1 (E8; nt/aa 72/75% identity). Unique to these CHD2 variants are a conserved extended nine amino acid C‐terminal tail containing KTKK ubiquitination motifs. When E20 of SMTN is skipped (SMTN E20−), constitutive terminal E21 codes for helices IV‐VI of CHD2. SMTN E21 has high identity with the terminal exon of SMTNL2 (E8; nt/aa 75/81% identity of aligned sequences) except for coding for a unique extended C‐terminus (24 nt; 8aa) conserved only in mammals. SMTN isoform expression is tissue‐specific: SMTNE20− and SMTNE20+ are highly expressed in SMC and non‐muscle cells, respectively, while SMTNL1 + 2 are highly expressed in skeletal muscle cells. Tissue‐specific expression of SMTN CHD2s with unique helices IV‐VI suggest tissue‐specific functions that require further study.
Serum biomarkers for liver fibrosis assessment
Authors: Maroto-García Julia , Moreno Álvarez Ana , Sanz de Pedro María P. , Buño-Soto Antonio , González Álvaro
Published: November 2023

Liver fibrosis is the result of chronic liver injury of different etiologies produced by an imbalance between the synthesis and degeneration of the extracellular matrix and dysregulation of physiological mechanisms. Liver has a high regenerative capacity in the early stage of chronic diseases so a prompt liver fibrosis detection is important. Consequently, an easy and economic tool that could identify patients with liver fibrosis at the initial stages is needed. To achieve this, many non-invasive serum direct, such as hyaluronic acid or metalloproteases, and indirect biomarkers have been proposed to evaluate liver fibrosis. Also, there have been developed formulas that combine these biomarkers, some of them also introduce clinical and/or demographic parameters, like FIB-4, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), enhance liver fibrosis (ELF) or Hepamet fibrosis score (HFS). In this manuscript we critically reviewed different serum biomarkers and formulas for their utility in the diagnosis and progression of liver fibrosis.
Evaluating hydraulic parameters in clays based on in situ tests
Authors: Lech Mariusz , Bajda Marek , Markowska-Lech Katarzyna , Rabarijoely Simon
Published: November 2023

The permeability of soil is an important factor controlling the flow of water through the subsoil. The article presents the results of studies of hydraulic parameters for overconsolidated clays using in situ tests. Using the excess pore pressure normalization technique, both in the case of monotonic and dilatory dissipation tests, and the time at which 50% dissipation of excess pore water pressure takes place, as well as taking into account the rigidity index of the analyzed soil, it was possible to estimate the permeability and consolidation coefficients for the analyzed clays. Based on these studies, simple relationships between the permeability coefficient and the soil behavior-type index are proposed. Proposed formulas may be applied for overconsolidated cohesive soils with soil behavior-type index values within the range of 2.05–3.30 and described in Robertson’s chart as overconsolidated silty clays, clays and heavily overconsolidated and cemented fine-grained soils. Although our proposal of determining flow parameters has been calibrated only for two analyzed cases, its utility for wider use in other overconsolidated fine-grained soils may also be taken into account.
The role of halal requirements, health-environmental factors, and domestic interest in food miles of apple fruit
Authors: Nazaruddin La Ode , Nugraha Widya Satya , Nurhasan Haris Munandar , Lencsés Enikő , Fekete-Farkas Mária , Gyenge Balázs
Published: November 2023

This study examines the indirect and direct factors affecting the preference for distant travel of apple fruit (food miles or FMs) in Indonesia, a Muslim-majority country. This research employs a quantitative consumer survey of 522 respondents in Indonesia from January to February 2023. Data were collected online (i.e. via social media), and the respondents were chosen randomly. Data were then analysed using a partial least square-structural equation model to prove the proposed hypotheses using Rstudio. This investigation has some principal findings. First, domestic interest and health-environment benefits directly affect the preference for short food miles (SFMs). Second, the halal requirements do not directly affect the choice of SFMs but indirectly affect the preference for SFMs through health-environmental benefits. In sum, the choice for SFMs is affected by domestic interest (direct), health-environmental benefits (direct), and halal requirements (indirect). This study finally has a theoretical contribution to the interplay among green supply chain, halal food supply chain, and food security.
Benevento and Salerno
Authors: Zornetta Giulia
Published: November 2023

After the Carolingian conquest of the Lombard Kingdom in 774, the Duchy of Benevento became an independent principality. Duke Arechis (758–787) proclaimed himself princeps gentis Langobardorum, thus opposing the political authority of the new King of the Lombards, Charlemagne. During the second half of the 8th century, Arechis refounded Salerno as the second capital city of Lombard Southern Italy by building a palace which stood as a marker of his political authority within the urban landscape. When the competition between two factions of the Beneventan aristocracy led to a civil war (839–849), Salerno became first a gathering place for members of the faction opposing Prince Radelchis and then the capital city of a new Lombard principality. By considering both written and archaeological sources, this paper focuses on the social and political aspects that led to the urban development of Salerno and challenged the role of Benevento during the 8th and 9th centuries. Some final considerations contextualise the rise of Capua as a third capital city in Lombard Southern Italy during the 9th and 10th centuries.
Il soggiorno di Caterina da Siena a Pisa nel 1375
Authors: Paganelli Jacopo
Published: November 2023

This essay aims to shed light on the period spent by Catherine of Siena in Pisa during the year 1375. Catherine was not only a woman of faith and devotion, but also a leading political player in late 14th-century Tuscany, in direct contact with the Apostolic See through the members of her clique. Why did the lord of Pisa, Pietro Gambacorta, summon her to his city? What networks of relations did Catherine’s arrival fit into? What were the tangible consequences of her stay in Pisa?
Francesco Barberini als Politiker
Authors: Becker Rotraud
Published: November 2023

Francesco Barberini, the cardinal nephew of Pope Urban VIII (1623–1644), is known to researchers primarily as a patron of the arts. However, he was a member of numerous dicasteries in the Roman Curia and held the office of head of the papal secretariat of state throughout the pontificate. In the early years he hardly appeared in this function. From 1631 onwards, testimonies of his involvement in the correspondence of the office become more frequent in the archives and provide information about his desire to play an active role in papal politics. Detailed autograph minutes to letters sent in cipher to the nuncios in Vienna deal with topics such as the mostly futile request of the imperials for subsidies, the rejection of criticism of the papal policy of neutrality and the improvement of relations between the Holy See and the imperial court. In addition, the attempt to influence the political convictions of members of religious orders working in Vienna and, in particular, the need to win the emperor’s approval for the precedence of the prefect of Rome before the imperial envoy play a noticeable role.
Existence results for some stochastic functional integrodifferential systems driven by Rosenblatt process
Authors: Diop Amadou , Diop Mamadou Abdoul , Ezzinbi Khalil , Kpizim Essozimna
Published: November 2023

This work investigates the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions to a class of stochastic integral differential equations with various time delay driven by the Rosenblatt process. We can obtain alternative conditions that guarantee mild solutions by using the resolvent operator in the Grimmer sense, stochastic analysis, fixed-point methods, and noncompact measures. We give an example to illustrate the theory.
Characterizing Spatiotemporal Population Receptive Fields in Human Visual Cortex with fMRI
Authors: Kim Insub , Kupers Eline R. , Lerma-Usabiaga Garikoitz , Grill-Spector Kalanit
Published: November 2023

The use of fMRI and computational modeling has advanced understanding of spatial characteristics of population receptive fields (pRFs) in human visual cortex. However, we know relatively little about the spatiotemporal characteristics of pRFs because neurons' temporal properties are one to two orders of magnitude faster than fMRI BOLD responses. Here, we developed an image-computable framework to estimate spatiotemporal pRFs from fMRI data. First, we developed a simulation software that predicts fMRI responses to a time-varying visual input given a spatiotemporal pRF model and solves the model parameters. The simulator revealed that ground-truth spatiotemporal parameters can be accurately recovered at the millisecond resolution from synthesized fMRI responses. Then, using fMRI and a novel stimulus paradigm, we mapped spatiotemporal pRFs in individual voxels across human visual cortex in 10 participants (both females and males). We find that a compressive spatiotemporal (CST) pRF model better explains fMRI responses than a conventional spatial pRF model across visual areas spanning the dorsal, lateral, and ventral streams. Further, we find three organizational principles of spatiotemporal pRFs: (1) from early to later areas within a visual stream, spatial and temporal windows of pRFs progressively increase in size and show greater compressive nonlinearities, (2) later visual areas show diverging spatial and temporal windows across streams, and (3) within early visual areas (V1–V3), both spatial and temporal windows systematically increase with eccentricity. Together, this computational framework and empirical results open exciting new possibilities for modeling and measuring fine-grained spatiotemporal dynamics of neural responses using fMRI.