bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Concept “Past” in the Russian Language Picture of the World
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute (Moscow, Russian Federation, Mamontov Alexandr S. , Zhukova Arina G. ,   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute (Moscow, Russian Federation, Stolyarova Alexandra G. ,   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute (Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the concept “past” as a component of the Russian language picture of the world. The authors make a comprehensive conceptual description of the past based on the three-part model of the concept according to V.I. Karasik – “image, concept, value”. Addressing this topic is due to the lack of a linguocultural description of the concept of the past in Russian science, as well as the need to expand the fund of conceptual descriptions of the components of Russian linguistic culture. The aim of the research is a comprehensive description of the concept of the past focused on identifying its value characteristics, which corresponds to the linguistic cultural direction, within which culture can be understood as a set of meanings, values and norms. The research methodology is based on the structure of everyday consciousness described by O.A. Kornilov and includes an analysis of sensoryreceptive, logical-conceptual, emotional-evaluative and value-moral components of the concept. The procedures of conceptual analysis include the analysis of dictionary definitions of the keyword, the construction of a figurative semantic field based on synonyms and compatibility, the analysis of associations, the analysis of phraseological units, the analysis of proverbs and sayings. The main sources of the research are explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language edited by D.N. Ushakov, A.S. Gerd and T.F. Efremova, New Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Synonyms edited by Yu.D. Apresyan, dictionaries of synonyms edited by Z.E. Aleksandrova, Associative Thesaurus of the Modern Russian Language edited by Yu.N. Karaulov, phraseological dictionaries of the Russian language edited by E.N. Teliya and A.I. Fyodorov, dictionaries of proverbs and sayings edited by V.I. Zimin and V.P. Zhukov. The main results of the study are related to the modeling of the field structure of the conceptual field ’’past’’ with the identification of its neutral core, perinuclear and connotatively marked periphery. The final stage of the analysis suggests that the value component of the concept ’’past’’ is a bipolar zone, within which two mutually exclusive groups of behavioral norms coexist, reflecting the two value centers of the concept.
Vsevolod Ivanov’s Portrait Essay of the 1920s – Early 1930s in the Context of the Events of the Era
Authors:   Pacific National University (Khabarovsk, Russian Federation), Yakimova Svetlana I.
Published: September 2021

The aim of this article is to determine the features of the genre and the moral-philosophical perspective of Vsevolod Ivanov’s portrait essays of the 1920s – early 1930s published in Vladivostok non-Bolshevik newspapers (Russkiy krai, Russkaya armiya, Vechernyaya gazeta), in Harbin émigré periodicals (newspapers Svet, Gun-Bao, the magazine Rubezh). To achieve this aim, using a semantic-cognitive approach, the author of the article studied archival materials of periodicals of the Russian Far East and Far Eastern emigration and introduced into academic discourse new unexplored factual material contributing to filling gaps in the history of Russian literature and journalism of the 20th century. Ivanov’s portrait essays are analyzed in the context of the sociopolitical and cultural life of the Far Eastern Republic (FER) that existed in the Russian Far East and the large-scale emigration of Russians to China. The author considers the dynamics of Ivanov’s portrait essay genre development. It acquires elements of the memorial and obituary essay, the genre of the literary portrait as a reflection of the progress of the national historical-literary process in the mother country and in the diaspora caused by the spiritual-moral confrontation of the political forces of Russia, the ideological split in the national culture of Russia due to the events of October 1917. The author of the article relies on historically significant material: the memorial essay with the conceptual title “Justified Avvakum” actualizes the problem of a reasonable and balanced attitude to changes, the correlation of evolutionary and revolutionary principles in the development of society. Ivanov raises the question of personal, moral, and civil responsibility for the fate of his country in the essay “The Blood of the Tsar”, which recreates the tragic events of the execution of the family of the Russian Tsar Nicholas II by Bolsheviks. In the analysis of obituary portrait essays about the tragic losses of Russian literature of the Silver Age (“Conversant with Secret (In Memory of A. Blok)”, “In Petrograd the Bolsheviks shot the poet Nikolay Gumilev”), the author of the article concludes about the originality of the creative potential of Ivanov, who, using elements of the genre of the literary portrait, demonstrates the synthesis of scientific, literary, and journalistic writing. The portrait essays of Ivanov’s prominent contemporaries, figures of politics and culture (“Admiral Kolchak”, “Semenovshchina “, “Prof. D.V. Boldyrev”, “Vasiliy Fedorovich Ivanov”) complement the complex picture of the sociocultural context of the era with relevant axiological aspects identified in the essays. The author of the article considers Ivanov’s reference to the iconic figures of the turning epochs in the fate of Russia as a peculiarity of his journalistic position in relation to history as a criterion of truth and moral value of a person.
Еnactivist Criticism of the Neurobiological Theory of Consciousness
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Lаw of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Shabalina Anastasia O.
Published: September 2021

The article considers the main arguments against the neurobiological theory of consciousness from the point of view of the enactivist approach within the philosophy of mind. The neurobiological theory of consciousness, which reduces consciousness to neural activity, is currently the dominant approach to the mind-body problem. The neurobiological theory emerged as a result of advances in research on the phenomena of consciousness and through the development of technologies for visualizing the internal processes of mind. However, at the very heart of this theory, there is a number of logical contradictions. The non-reductive enactivist approach to consciousness, introduced in this article, contributes to the existing argumentation against the reduction of consciousness to neural processes with remonstrations that take into account the modern neuroscientific data. The article analyzes the argumentation of the sensorimotor enactivism developed by A. Noe and offers the account of the teleosemantic approach to the concept of information provided by R. Cao. The key problems of the neurobiological theory of consciousness are highlighted, and the objections emerging within the framework of the enactivist approach are analyzed. Since the main concepts on which the neural theory is based are the concepts of neural substrate, cognition as representation, and information as a unit of cognition, the author of the article presents three key enactivist ideas that oppose them. First, the enactivist concept of cognition as action allows us to consider the first-person experience as a mode of action, and not as a state of the brain substrate. Second, the article deals with the “explanatory externalism” argument proposed by Noe, who refutes the image of cognition as a representation in the brain. Finally, in order to critically revise the concept of information as a unit of cognition, the author analyzes Cao’s idea, which represents a teleosemantic approach, but is in line with the general enactivist argumentation. Cao shows that the application of the concept “information” to neural processes is problematic: no naturalized information is found in the brain as a physical substrate. A critical revision of beliefs associated with the neural theory of consciousness leads us to recognize that there are not enough grounds for reducing consciousness to processes that take place in the brain. That is why Noe calls expectations that the visualization of processes taking place in the brain with the help of the modern equipment will be able to depict the experience of consciousness the “new phrenology”, thus indicating the naive character of neural reduction. The article concludes that natural science methods are insufficient for the study of consciousness.
Improvement of the Structure and Content of an Annual Training Macrocycle for Young Pankration Athletes
Authors: Pityn Maryan , Sogor Oleg , Karatnyk Ivan , Hnatchuk Yaroslav , Blavt Oksana
Published: September 2021

The study objective is to improve the structure and content of the annual training macrocycle for athletes aged from 15 to 16 years old in pankration, taking into account the specifics of their competitive performance. 
Materials and methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization were used during work with literary sources on the problems of the research. Survey (questionnaire) was used for studying general approaches to the structure and content of young athletes’ training (aged from 15 to 16 years old) in pankration. There were also analyzed official programs for experienced pankration athletes which are used in Ukraine. Pedagogical experiment was held during September 2018 – July 2019. Its total duration was 10 months and 906 hours. Two identical six-month training macrocycles were performed. The control (21 athletes) and experimental (22 athletes) groups were formed. 
Results. It was more effective for the development of technical and tactical actions and special physical fitness of young athletes aged from 15 to 16 years old. It was confirmed by significant intra-group increases in indicators of athletes’ preparedness (p≤0.05-0.01). The total number of significant changes in the experimental group (p≤0.05-0.01) during the first and second stages of the experiment was 12 of 13 indicators, and their values were higher than in the control group. In the control group, significant positive changes (p≤0.05-0.01) were found in 6 indicators during the first stage of the experiment and 8 – during the second one. After the second stage of the experiment athletes of the experimental group performed about half of the technical and tactical actions with a higher level of stability, economy, efficiency in various situations during sparring matches. 
Conclusions. An experimental program made it possible to achieve an earlier deployment of adaptation processes to the specific physical activity available in training and competitive activities in pankration.
Volleyball Fundamental Movement Learning Model in Primary School
Authors: Samsudin Samsudin , Setiawan Iwan , Taufik Muhamad Syamsul , Solahuddin Soleh
Published: September 2021

The study purpose. This study aims to develop a volleyball fundamental movement learning model with a game-centered approach and test its effectiveness in improving the volleyball learning outcomes of elementary school students

Materials and methods. The research method used is research and development (R&D) which adopts the10 steps of Borg and Gall R&D model. The data analysis techniques used in this study were qualitative and quantitative. This study used a pretest-posttest control group design to determine the initial abilities of the experimental and the control group (n = 40). The significance test of the learning model effectiveness used a t-test. Normality test was carried out before the data analysis on the results of the experimental group and the control group improvement in the fundamental movement of volleyball with the significance level = 0.05.

Results. The results of this study indicate a significant improvement for the experimental group data (0.97) and the control group data (0.42). Because the significance value of the two groups is more than 0.05, the overall data for the study group is normally distributed. The learning model effectiveness test results show the value of t-count -71.065.

Conclusions. The fundamental movement improvement of the experimental group is higher or more effective than that of the control group. So it can be concluded that the volleyball fundamental movement learning model with a game-centered approach is effective and efficient to be given to elementary school students.
Assessment of a Healthy Lifestyle and Quality of Life of Men and Women in Modern Society Based on SF-36
Authors: Krutsevich Tatiana , Trachuk Sergii , Ivanik Oksana , Panhelova Natalia , Brychuk Mariia , Kedrych Halyna
Published: September 2021

Quality of life (QL) is defined as the subjective perception of one’s own well-being in a socio-cultural context, the satisfaction of one’s desires and the achievement of an ideal level of well-being. Quality of life is related to health (HRQOL), refers to the functioning and well-being in the physical, mental and social dimensions of life. 

Research purpose: to analyze the main factors of quality of life of male and female population in modern Ukrainian society. 

Material and Methods. 482 men and women aged 20-60 took part in sociological research. 

The following research methods were used to solve the problemsset in the work: analysis and processing of special literature and data from the Internet; pedagogical observation; questionnaires (SF36); methods of mathematical statistics. 

Results. The results of their own research show that the male population had a better quality of life on all scales of the SF-36 questionnaire compared to women (p <0.05). Respondents under the age of 20-29 had indicators of quality of life above average on the scales of physical and role physical functioning; pain in this age group did not have a significant impact on quality of life. The general state of health was assessed above the average level by respondents aged 20-29 and 30-39, regardless of gender, they were characterized by high scales of social activity and viability. 

Conclusions. It is established that the indicator General health is a system-forming factor of quality of life for men and women in terms of the number of correlations. The obtained results allowed to determine the expediency and speed of implementation of preventive measures for men and women depending on the content of certain scales. Decreased overall health (GH) in men and women after the age of 50 significantly affects their quality of life, as evidenced by the large number of significant correlation coefficients. In women over 50 years of age, there is a sharp decrease in RP (role functioning due to physical condition) to 46 points, vital activity (VT) to 50 points, role functioning (due to emotional state) (RE) to 53 points. In men at this age, role functioning increases to 90 points, and social functioning (SF) to 89 points, which may indicate an uneven distribution of family and social functions in the lives of people of different sexes, overloading women with household chores, which prevents them from spending free time, affects the emotional state.
Prerequisites for the Development of Preventive Measures Against Office Syndrome Among Women of Working Age
Authors: Lazko Olga , Byshevets Nataliia , Kashuba Vitalii , Lazakovych Yuliia , Grygus Igor , Andreieva Nataliia , Skalski Dariusz
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the article is to study prerequisites for the development of preventive measures against office syndrome among women of working age. 

Material and methods. The research involved 52 female office employees 21 to 57 years old. 

Results. The extended clustering of the original data using EM method with the performance of V-fold crosschecking has shown that female office employees are clearly divided into two clusters depending on the manifestation of office syndrome. Despite our assumptions, their division does not depend on age or length of service in the office, but on the manifestation of office syndrome and behavioral characteristics in the work process. Women assigned to different clusters are characterized by statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences between the level of pain in the joints and spine. The research has found that among female office employees with increased musculoskeletal pain, there are statistically significantly (p<0.05) more women with significant overweight and spinal diseases. They are less likely to take active breaks when working at a computer and a larger percentage of them use information technology for entertainment purposes outside the office for 3-4 hours a day. However, a smaller percentage of them work with a PC for more than 7 hours a day. Women with predominant musculoskeletal pain differ in their lifestyle and point to fundamentally different reasons that stop them from taking measures to prevent the risk of occupational diseases. In particular, among female office employees with no office syndrome, a statistically significant (p<0.05) larger share does not need to expand knowledge about the organization of health care in the office and among them the share of those who lead a passive lifestyle predominates. 

Conclusions. Thus, these women are potentially at risk of developing office syndrome and, with the absence of preventive measures, are expected to move to the cluster of women with signs of office syndrome. The results of the research indicate the need for different approaches to planning health measures in the work environment, depending on the presence of office syndrome and the level of their responsible attitude to health in the work process.
Modern Approaches to Analysis of Technical and Tactical Actions of Skilled Volleyball Players
Authors: Oliinyk Iryna , Doroshenko Eduard , Melnyk Mykhaylo , Sushko Ruslana , Tyshchenko Valeria , Shamardin Valerij
Published: September 2021

Purpose. To develop an algorithm of special analysis for improving the training process, based on the identification of indicators of technical and tactical actions in the competitive activity of skilled volleyball players.

Material and Methods. The study analyzed 2,688 technical and tactical indicators of the competitive activity of 56 players of national volleyball teams which played 6 games in the 2019 CEV Volleyball European Championship, taking into account the athletes’ playing roles, based on the methods of analysis of the competitive activity, analysis of generalization of practical experience, and theoretical modeling.

Results. The study interpreted the total performance indicators of the competitive activity of skilled volleyball players, the indicators of technical and tactical activity in the competitive process, the ratio of performance indicators in skilled volleyball players in position zones.

Conclusions. The modified algorithm of special analysis of indicators of technical and tactical actions has the following structure: analysis of quantitative characteristics of team, group and individual actions in attack and defense; chronological analysis of the competitive activity development in sets; analysis of playing actions in various zones of the court; comparative analysis of quantitative indicators of technical and tactical actions of volleyball players who directly counteract in the match; analysis of critical moments of the game, which is directly related to organizing and holding a particular match; interpretation and qualitative analysis of indicators of technical and tactical actions in a particular match.

Based on the analysis of success and performance indicators of the competitive activity of Ukraine’s national volleyball team in the qualifying tournament of the 2019 European Championship (group F), it can be said that the modified algorithm of special analysis of indicators of technical and tactical actions showed high efficiency.
The Effect of Squat Training and Leg Length in Increasing the Leg Power of Volleyball Extracurricular Participants
Authors: Nasrulloh Ahmad , Deviana Putri , Yuniana Rina , Pratama Kukuh Wahyudin
Published: September 2021

The study purpose. This study aims to see: (1) The difference in the effect of barbell squat and resistance band squat exercises on the increase in leg power. (2) The difference in influence between players who have high leg height and low leg length on the increase in leg power. (3) The interaction of barbell squat and resistance band squat exercises with leg length (high and low) to increase the power of volleyball extracurricular participants. Materials and Methods. This is an experimental research using a 2 × 2 factorial design. The population in this study were 38 volleyball extracurricular participants at SMA Negeri 1 Sedayu. The sample in this study may be 20 people. Instruments used for measuring: a tape measure for the length of the legs and a vertical jump for the power of the legs. The data analysis technique used was two-way ANOVA. Results. The result showed that (1) There was a significant effect between barbell squat and resistance band squat exercises on the increase in the power of volleyball extracurricular participants, with an F value of 65.789 and a significance value of p = 0.000 (<0.05). The squat group has a higher resistance band (good) compared to the barbell squat group with an average difference of 2.5. (2) There was a significant difference in the effect of players who have high leg height and low leg length on the increase in leg power of volleyball extracurricular participants, it is proven that the F value is 38.000 and the significance value is p = 0.000 (<0.05). Players who have high leg length are higher (good) compared to players who have low leg length with an average difference of 1.90. (3) There was a significant interaction between barbell squat and resistance band squat and leg length (high and low) on the leg power increase of volleyball extracurricular members, with an F value of 88.256 and a significance of p = 0.000 (<0.05). Conclusions. There was a significant difference in the effect of barbell squats and resistance band squats on increasing leg power, there was a significant difference in the effect between players who have high leg length and low leg length on the increase in leg power, and There is a significant interaction between barbell squats and squat resistance bands and leg length (high and low) on the increase in leg power of volleyball extracurricular participants.
Surface Electromyography Based Core Muscle Fatigue Analysis During Repetitive Plank Using Multivariate Dimensionality Reduction Methods in Boys Aged 12-14
Authors: Samanta Abir , Mukherjee Sabyasachi
Published: September 2021

The aims of the study were: 1. To analyse the discriminative power of neuromuscular components for classifying the pre and post muscle fatigued states. 2. To examine whether the modification of neural recruitment strategies become more/less heterogeneous due to fatigue. 3. To research the effect of Erector Spinae (ES) muscle activity collectively with Rectus Abdominis (RA) and External Oblique (EO) muscle activity to identify the reduced spine stability during fatiguing Plank. 
Material and methods. Twelve boys (age – 12-14 years, height 148.75 ± 10 cm, body mass 38.9 ± 7.9 kg) participated in the study. Multivariate Discriminant Analysis (DA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to identify the changes in the pattern of the electromyographic signals during muscle fatigue. In DA the Wilks’ lambda, p-value, canonical correlation, classification percentage and structure matrix were used. To evaluate the component validity the standard limit for Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) was set at ≥0.529 and the p-value of Bartlett’s test was ≤0.001. The eigenvalues ≥1 were used to determine the number of Principal Components (PCs). The satisfactory percentage of non-redundant residuals were set at ≤50% with standard value >0.05. The absolute value of average communality (x̄ h2) and component loadings were set at ≥0.6, ≥0.4 respectively. 
Results. Standardized canonical discriminant analysis showed that pre and post fatigued conditions were significantly different (p = 0.000, Wilks’ lambda = 0.297, χ2 = 24.914, df=3). The structure matrix showed that the parameter that correlated highly with the discriminant function was ES ARV (0.514). The results showed that the classification accuracy was 95.8% between fatigued conditions. In PCA the KMO values were reduced [0.547Pre fatigue vs. 0.264Post fatigue]; the value of Bartlett’s sphericity test was in pre χ2 = 90.72 (p = 0.000) and post fatigue χ2 = 85.32 (p = 0.000); The Promax criterion with Kaiser Normalization was applied because the component rotation was non-orthogonal [Component Correlation Matrix (rCCM) = 0.520 Pre fatigue >0.3Absolute<0.357Post fatigue]. In pre fatigue two PCs (cumulative s2 – 80.159%) and post fatigue three PCs (cumulative s2 – 83.845%) had eigenvalues ≥1. The x̄ h2 increased [0.802 Pre fatigue vs. 0.838 Post fatigue] and the percentage of nonredundant residuals reduced [50% Pre fatigue vs. 44% Post fatigue] from pre to post fatigue. 
Conclusions. The variability and heterogeneity increase in the myoelectric signals due to fatigue. The co-activity of antagonist ES muscle is significantly sensitive to identify the deteriorating spine stability during the fatiguing Plank. Highly correlated motor unit recruitment strategies between ES and RA, providing supportive evidence to the concept of shared agonist-antagonist motoneuron pool or “Common Drive” phenomenon during fatigue.
The Effect of Knowledge Level (IQ) and Physical Conditions (Power, Flexibility and Coordination) on Smash Technique Learning Skill in Sepak Takraw
Authors: Jufrianis Jufrianis , Henjilito Raffly , Hernawan Hernawan , Sukiri Sukiri , Sukur Abdul , Abidin Dindin , Karakauki Manil , Syed Ali Syed Kamaruzaman , Pratama Kukuh Wahyudin
Published: September 2021

Athlete’s knowledge level (IQ) is needed to increase smash technique learning skill in sepak takraw. Besides, physical conditions which consist of power, flexibility and coordination, are also determined athlete’s accomplishment in learning smash technique in sepak takraw. 

The study purpose. The aim of this research was to discover the direct influence between knowledge level (IQ) and physical conditions (power, flexibility and coordination) on smash technique learning skill in sepak takraw. 

Materials and Methods. The method used in this research was quantitative. Path analysis was conducted to analyze the result. As many as 50 athletes of sepak takraw from capital city of Jakarta were taken as population. Those athletes were also taken as sample by using total sampling. The sample was the athletes who joined the regional and national championship. 

Results. Based on the research it was obtained: 1) knowledge level (IQ) affects smash technique learning skill in sepak takraw directly as many as 0.982; 2) physical conditions (power, flexibility and coordination) affect smash technique learning skill in sepak takraw directly as many as 0.845; and 3) overall, knowledge level (IQ) and physical condition (power, flexibility and coordination) affect smash technique learning skill in sepak takraw directly as many as 0.703. 

Conclusion. Therefore, it could be concluded that knowledge level (IQ) and physical conditions (power, flexibility and coordination) affect smash technique learning skill in sepak takraw on the athletes of capital city of Jakarta.
The Current Implementation of an Evidence-Based Hamstring Injury Prevention Exercise (Nordic Hamstring Exercise) among Athletes Globally
Authors: Al Attar Wesam Saleh A.
Published: September 2021

Purpose. The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) has been shown to be successful in reducing hamstring muscle injury (HMI), which is one of the most common non-contact injuries of the lower limbs. This is especially pertinent in sports that require acceleration, maximal sprints, and sudden changes in the direction of running and sprinting, such as soccer and rugby. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness, implementation, and opinions of athletes worldwide regarding the effectiveness of NHE in preventing hamstring injury.

Materials and methods. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 1500 athletes from different sports. The survey consisted of six questions covering country, gender, type of sport, awareness, implementation, and opinions of athletes worldwide regarding the effectiveness of NHE in preventing hamstring injury. The survey was available in ten different languages.

Results. A total of 1142 male and female athletes from different sports participated in the survey. More than half of the athletes 641 (56%) were aware of NHE, and only 519 (45.4 %) were implementing NHE in their current training routines. Athletes who implemented NHE reported a positive opinion regarding the program’s effectiveness with a score of 8.4 ± 1 out of 10.

Conclusions. Many athletes were aware of NHE and implemented it in their training routine since they found it to be effective in decreasing hamstring injury rates. However, additional work must be done to educate athletes about the importance of implementing this exercise and its effectiveness in preventing hamstring injury.
Cyanobacteria Yolk-Shell Preparation v1
Authors: Fernández Méndez Jorge , Martin Morales Celia
Published: September 2021

Cyanobacteria as well as other photosynthetic microorganisms can be encapsulated within biohybrid nanomaterials. Cyanobacterial Yolk-shell are biohybrid nanostructures with a size of 1 to 6 µm, where the cell is encapsulated within a non-contacting silica nanocapsule. Yolk-shell encapsulation provides long-term cell viability, higher resistance against harsh environments and superior photosynthetic activiy. In addition, engineering the colloidal packing allows tunable shell-pore diameter for size-dependent permeability and introduction of new functionalities for specific molecular recognition. Yolk-Shell structures can be easily synthetized via self-assebly of colloidal suspensions of silica nanoparticles as described in this protocol
A Proposed Blockchain-Based Voting System with User Authentication through Biometrics
Authors: Ueda Eduardo Takeo , Da Silva Marcelo Moro , Da Silva Anderson Aparecido Alves , Junior Norisvaldo Ferraz , Pereira Fabio Dacêncio , Dos Santos Alessandro Santiago , Guelfi Adilson Eduardo , Kofuji Sergio Takeo
Published: September 2021

Transparency and security in an electoral process are fundamental to the legitimacy of the results and the confidence of voters. Thus, it is necessary to assess opportunities to improve traditional voting systems. Among the main problems is the lack of transparency, due to the impossibility of a voter checking their vote and the lack of access to the source from which the results are obtained. Another problem is mobility, due to the impossibility of performing remote voting, as traditional voting systems continue to require the physical presence of the voter in an electoral zone. Thus, the objective of this work is to propose a voting system that is functional, transparent, safe, and accessible to everyone. Voters can vote through a mobile application with biometric authentication using fingerprint and password access. In our proposal, votes are registered in an Ethereum Blockchain through a Smart Contract, allowing the voter to check their vote. The results are expected to collaborate with the evolution of studies necessary to improve traditional voting systems, especially in fundamental aspects such as security, transparency, and mobility.
Neuropsychological features of patients of reproductive age diagnosed with breast cancer at the stage of surgical treatment using xenon-oxygen therapy
Authors: Rozenko D. A. , Shikhlyarova A. I. , Vaschenko L. N. , Popova N. N. , Arapova Yu. Yu. , Ardzha A. Yu. , Korobov A. A.
Published: September 2021

Purpose of the study. To study functional changes in the neuropsychological status of reproductive age patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer and to assess the possibility of using xenon-oxygen therapy to correct disorders.

Patients and methods. This study included 60 reproductive age patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer who were undergoing surgical treatment at the Department of Bone, Skin, Soft Tissue and Breast Tumors of the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia from 2018 to 2020. The main group included 30 patients with breast cancer diagnosed at the surgical stage of combined treatment, who underwent a rehabilitation course of xenon-oxygen therapy in the early postoperative period. The control group was formed from patients with the same diagnosis, without the use of this therapy. The functional state of the central nervous system in all patients was assessed by the parameters of the electroencephalography (EEG) bioelectrical activity. For the final assessment of the physiological and psychological state of the patients, a standardized questionnaires of the quality of life – ESAS, MOS-SF‑36, were used. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 10 software package.

 Results. During the study, statistically significant differences were found in the assessment of subjective indicators, so in the group of patients using xenon-oxygen therapy, there was an improvement in well-being by 2.6 times, a decrease in depression by 2.3 times, a decrease in symptoms of nausea by 3 times, anxiety 1.9 times (p < 0.05). Against the background of an improvement in the psychophysiological state, the EEG showed a significant increase in the power of slow delta and theta rhythms, an increase in the power of the alpha rhythm and a decrease in the power of the beta rhythm, while in the patients of the control group only a decrease in the power of the beta rhythm was noted.

Conclusion. The early postoperative period in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer is characterized by the formation of a depressive symptom complex. The use of a course of xenon-oxygen therapy contributes to the normalization of the subjective feeling of physical and psychological health, increasing vital and social activity. Changes in the indicators of brain bioelectric activity and an improvement in psychophysiological state occur against the background of changes in brain activity caused by the normalizing effect of xenon.
Breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap (DIEP-flap). History of development
Authors: Duadze I. S. , Zikiryakhodzhaev A. D. , Sukhotko A. S. , Starkova M. V. , Usov F. N. , Bagdasarova D. V. , Dzhabrailova D. Sh. , Khakimova Sh. G.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the actual topic of breast reconstruction with autologous tissues. The article discusses the key stages in the development of breast reconstructive surgery using free flaps using microsurgical techniques. A flap of the anterior abdominal wall, among other techniques, is the method of choice for breast reconstruction today, also because it allows you to achieve the most "natural" result. The authors compares different variants of autologous flaps, describes the advantages of the DIEP flap in comparison with the TRAM flap. Also, special attention is paid to the choice of breast reconstruction method depending on age, constitutional characteristics and the presence of risk factors such as smoking, diabetes mellitus and excess BMI. Analyzing the advantages of breast reconstruction with autograft flaps, the author concludes that there is a higher quality of life and improved outcomes in these patients than in patients who underwent implant-based reconstruction. Based on the literature review, it was found that breast reconstruction with the help of perforating flaps is still an area of innovation and constant progress: research in this area to date is mainly aimed at reducing the morbidity of the donor area and methods for isolating recipient vessels, shortening the rehabilitation period and developing reproducible reconstruction method.
On mechanisms of antitumor action of tropolon series compounds
Authors: Zhukova G. V. , Lukbanova E. A. , Protasova T. P. , Zaikina E. V. , Kiblitskaya A. A.
Published: September 2021

The review provides information on the mechanisms of the antitumor action of natural and synthetic compounds of the tropolone series, obtained over the past 30 years in studies on cell cultures and, to a lesser extent, in in vivo experiments. Interest in this group of substances is due to the urgent need of clinical oncology for drugs that effectively damage malignant cells and, at the same time, are safe for healthy tissues. The processes that realize the effects of colchicine, hinokithiol (ß-tuyaplicin) and some of their derivatives (derivatives of bistropolone, α-substituted tropolones, etc.) have been studied most fully. Herewith, more numerous mechanisms of realization of the antitumor effect of hinokithiol and its derivatives were revealed in comparison with colchicine. In addition to the disruption in the formation of the cell division spindle, shown for colchicine and colchamine, such phenomena as caspase-dependent apoptosis and some other types of apoptosis, autophagy, limitation of mitochondrial metabolism, DNA damage and demethylation, and accelerated aging of malignant cells etc. have been described. The promising properties of 2‑quinolyl 1,3‑tropolone derivatives have been shown, and the relationship of their antitumor effect with the induction of apoptosis and changes in the activity of the ERK signaling pathway in some types of malignant cells have been revealed. The results indicate a multiplicity of possible ways of the influence of tropolones on the state of malignant cells, the conditions for the implementation of ones need to be clarified, especially with a lack of information about in vivo processes.

The review includes information from the literature presented in the Scopus, WoS, Pubmed databases. 35 % of articles have been published in the last 5 years.
Difficult cases of differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Authors: Otdelnov L. A. , Mastukova A. M.
Published: September 2021

Despite the results of technological progress in medicine, which has made high-resolution methods of medical imaging available, the problem of differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis does not lose its’ relevance. This can be explained by the fact that the symptoms of acute appendicitis are variable, non-specific, and can mimic other diseases with similar symptoms.

Three cases of rare diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that simulates acute appendicitis were presented. Those are primary torsion of the greater omentum with necrosis, caecum cancer with lengthy necrosis in a young patient and Crohn's disease that simulates appendicular infiltrate. All patients underwent surgery. Signs of acute appendicitis were indications for surgery. Laparoscopic resection of greater omentum was performed in the first case. In the second case caecum necrosis with peritonitis was revealed by laparoscopy. Conversion laparoscopy to laparotomy was performed. Caecum necrosis with caecum wall perforation and necrosis of terminal part of the ileum was diagnosed. right hemicolectomy with ileo-transverso anastomosis was carried out. Complicated case of Crohn’s disease was suspected. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of colorectal cancer is established by pathomorphology only. This case is interesting because of rare complication of colon cancer – the caecum and the ileum wall necrosis that was manifestation of the disease. In the third case of Crohn’s disease in a young patient the diagnosis of appendicular infiltrate and surgical policy were wrong. At the first laparotomy by McBurney was performed. A dense infiltrate was found in the right iliac fossa. The intervention was finished by local abdominal package. In the early postoperative period an intestinal fistula was formed. The patient underwent relaparotomy and right hemicolectomy with ileo-transversal anastomosis was carried out. Despite the diagnosis of Crohn's disease was questionable patomorphology and was established after half a year only by colonoscopy. The presented cases illustrate the complexity of acute appendicitis and the importance of modern approaches to diagnosis: irreplaceability of laparoscopy and the feasibility of using diagnostic scales. When the right diagnosis is not clear the intervention might be late for using methods of instrumental diagnostics.
Data analysis of high-throughput sequencing and microarray to identify key signatures of microribonucleic acids in glioblastoma
Authors: Pushkin A. A. , Dzenkova E. A. , Timoshkina N. N. , Gvaldin D. Yu.
Published: September 2021

Purpose of the study. This research was devoted to study of mRNA and miRNA expression patterns in glioglastomas using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, to search for genetic determinants that determine the prognosis of patient survival and to create of interaction networks for glioblastomas.

Materials and methods. Based on the data of the open TCGA database groups of glioblastomas and conventionally normal brain tissue samples were formed. Survival gene and miRNA expression data were extracted for each sample. After the data stratification by groups the differential expression analysis and search the genes affecting patient survival was carried out. The enrichment analysis by functional affiliation and an interactome analysis were performed.

Results. A total of 156 glioblastoma samples with mRNA sequencing data, 571 samples with microarray microRNA analysis data, and 15 control samples were analyzed. Networks of mRNA-miRNA interactions were built and expression profiles of genes and miRNAs characteristic of glioblastomas were developed. We have determined the genes which aberrant level is associated with survival and shown the pairwise DEG and DE of microRNA correlations.

Conclusion. The microRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs identified for glioblastomas can stimulate the development of new therapeutic approaches based on subtype-specific regulatory mechanisms of oncogenesis.
Breast cancer screening during the adverse COVID-19 epidemiological situation
Authors: Drzhevetskaya K. S. , Korzhenkova G. P.
Published: September 2021

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the results of breast cancer screening (BC) in the conditions of an unfavorable epidemiological situation COVID‑19 based on the analysis of the BC screening project in the Kaluga Region.

Patients and methods. Screening system: creation and implementation in practice of mobile mammography complexes (MMC); training of medical personnel in the method of conducting a standardized mammographic examination (ME); quality control of ME; "Cloud" storage and software development for archiving patients; an independent review of mammograms by certified specialists; expert review of images in case of discrepancies in diagnoses; referral of patients diagnosed with BI-RADS IV and V to the regional oncological dispensary for further examination and treatment. From 04.2018 to 12.2020 patients were examined on MMC according to the BC screening protocol. We examined 47367 patients over the age of 40 years. SD 57.66 ± 8.17 years (38-93). During the COVID‑19 pandemic, imaging of breast diseases must be carried out in compliance with all safety regulations for both personnel and patients. Balancing the need to avoid delays in diagnosing BC while preventing infection requires careful attention to personal protective equipment, handling of diagnostic equipment, diagnostic facilities, and physical distancing and vigilance to maintain these measures.

Results. From 07.2020 to 11.2020: a total of 10736 studies have been carried out. In the context of new coronavirus infection, we noted an increased demand among patients wishing to undergo BC screening. The flow of patients over the same period of previous years was less, which indicates the demand and justification for screening mammography and the use of MMC in an unfavorable epidemiological situation. 174 patients received category BI-RADS IV-V and were referred for a follow-up examination and required treatment at an oncological dispensary. In 39 patients (22.4 %), BC was verified, and appropriate treatment was carried out. In 135 cases, benign processes were verified.

Conclusion. BC screening should not be stopped against the backdrop of the COVID‑19 epidemic since a delay in BC diagnosis later threatens to reveal more voluminous processes with a worse prognosis for treatment and rehabilitation than timely detected changes in the mammary glands in the early preclinical stages of the disease.
Molecular genetic changes in kidney tissue in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Demyashkin G. A. , Mingazov A. M. , Kaprina E. A. , Shchekin V. I. , Shegay P. V.
Published: September 2021

Purpose of the study. Assessment of the molecular genetic profile of cytological processes in the kidney tissue of patients with COVID‑19.

Material and methods. Kidney fragments from patients with confirmed COVID‑19 (n = 96) were studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine the expression of SARS-CoV‑2 viral RNA and genes encoding protein complexes: ACE‑2 and Furin.

 Results. In patients affected by COVID‑19, the presence of coronavirus genetic material in kidney tissue was recorded, as well as increased expression of ACE‑2 (7.49 ± 0.27, p < 0.01) and Furin 2.0 times (8.59 ± 0.65, p < 0.01,) compared with the control group (3.9 ± 0.48, p < 0.01 and 4.2 ± 0.8, p < 0.01, respectively), which creates favorable conditions for the invasion of SARS-CoV‑2.

Conclusion. According to the results of RT-PCR for SARS-CoV‑2, assessment of the expression of ACE‑2 and Furin, it is possible with a high degree of probability to assert about the viral load and the vulnerability of the kidneys, since these proteins are informative markers of viral damage. Elderly people with increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV‑2.
Optimization of laparoscopic ureteral repair with a buccal graft in case of its extended strictures and obliterations
Authors: Volkov A. A. , Budnik N. V. , Zuban O. N.
Published: September 2021

Purpose of the study. Currently, laparoscopic technique has become widely used in the treatment of extended strictures and obliterations of the ureter. The use of minimally invasive approaches will also be relevant for such a relatively new operation as buccal ureteroplasty. In the literature, there are isolated publications devoted to this technique. The aim of this study was to study the results of our own experience of laparoscopic ureteral reconstruction using a buccal graft.

Patients and methods. We observed 5 patients – 2 men and 3 women, at the age of 30–62 years. All patients have already been operated on the urinary tract, of these, in four patients, the urinary tract was drained with a nephrostomy or internal ureteral stent. Two patients underwent replacement ureteroplasty with tubularized buccal graft, and three patients underwent augmentation ureteroplasty with buccal graft using the onlay method.

Results. All operations in this group were carried out without conversions. The average length of the ureteral defect was 4.9 cm (4.0–6.0 cm). The patients did not have severe complications in the postoperative period according to the ClavienDindo classification. One patient underwent treatment for exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis; one man experienced ureteral stent migration, which required restentation. The follow-up period was 1–15 months; one woman developed unextended ureteral restenosis, which was eliminated by endoureterotomy and ureteral stenting. At the moment, all patients are spared from permanent urinary drains, they do not have upper urinary tract obstruction.

 Conclusion. All operations in this group were carried out without conversions. The average length of the ureteral defect was 4.9 cm (4.0–6.0 cm). The patients did not have severe complications in the postoperative period according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. One patient underwent treatment for exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis; one man experienced ureteral stent migration, which required restentation. The observation period for the patients was 1–15 months, one woman developed short ureteral restenosis, which was eliminated by endoureterotomy and ureteral stenting. At the moment, all patients do not have permanent urinary drains, violations of the urodynamics of the upper urinary tract were not revealed in them.