bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP STRES KERJA DAN KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT INDOMARCO ADI PRIMA BALIKPAPAN
Authors: Mappangile Andi Surraya , Pontoluli Yohana Cornelia , Zefri Muhammad
Published: March 2020

Salah satu aspek yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan suatu perusahaan adalah dengan melihat prestasi kerja karyawan. Prestasi kerja dapat dilihat dari kualitas kerja seperti ketelitian, kerapian dan kedisiplinan karyawan melaksanakan tugas pekerjaan, selain itu tercapainya target merupakan suatu pretasi kerja. Dalam pelaksanaannya setiap karyawan memiliki beban kerja yang berbeda-beda. Jika kemampuan pekerja lebih rendah daripada tuntutan pekerjaan maka akan mucul kelelahan yang mengakibatkan stres kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh beban kerja terhadap stres kerja dan kinerja karyawan. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 75 karyawan (total sampling) di PT Indomarco Adi Prima Balikpapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 31 orang (41,3%) memiliki beban kerja berat, 41 orang (54,5%) memiliki tingkat stres kerja sedang, dan 47 orang (62,7%) kinerjanya tidak baik. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa beban kerja berpengaruh terhadap stres kerja dan kinerja karyawan, dengan diperoleh nilah signifikansi p < 0,05 yaitu sebesar 0,000.
KELUHAN KELELAHAN MATA PADA PEKERJA PENGGUNA KOMPUTER DI PERUSAHAAN TRAVEL DI KOLAKA RAYA
Authors: Sunyanti Sunyanti
Published: March 2020

Kelelahan mata pada pengguna komputer dapat terjadi karena bekerja dengan melihat dan membaca dekat dalam waktu yang lama. Kondisi demikian dapat menurunkan ketelitian dan kewaspadaan. Selain itu dapat menurunkan kondisi kesehatan pekerja bahkan dapat menyebabkan kecelakaan kerja. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keluhan kelelahan pada pekerja pengguna komputer di Perusahaan Travel di Kolaka Raya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain study cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 30 pengguna komputer di Perusahaan Travel di Kolaka Raya. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner dan melakukan pengukuran jarak pandang antara mata dan layar komputer. Analisis Univariat dilakukan menggunakan nilai proporsi untuk menjelaskan gambaran keluhan kelelahan mata dan hubungan pada pengguna komputer dengan kelelahan mata, sedangkan analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji chi square (X2) dengan tingkat kemaknaan 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 22 responden atau 73,3 % mengalami keluhan kelelahan mata. Keluhan yang paling banyak yang di alami pekerja adalah sakit kepala sebanyak (53,3%). Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik diketahui bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan keluhan kelelahan mata adalah variabel durasi kerja (Pvalue = 0,03). Untuk menurunkan risiko keluhan kelelahan mata pada pengguna komputer di sarankan perlu dilakukannya perawatan dan pemeliharaan terhadap kualitas pencahayaan dan pembersihan lampu secara berkala selama 6 bulan sekali. Perlu adanya sosialisasi terhadap karyawan terkait waktu istirahat yang tepat agar tidak menggunakan waktu istirahat untuk beraktivitas menggunakan komputer
’n Algemene oorsig van die makroinvertebraatdiversiteit van die Maricorivier, Noordwes Provinsie, Suid-Afrika
Authors: Kemp Mathilde , Wepener Victor , Wolmarans Cornelius T
Published: March 2020

Die Maricorivier, in die Noordwes Provinsie van Suid Afrika, is in terme van bewaring as ’n prioriteitsgebied verklaar. Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om die makroinvertebraatdiversiteit van die Maricorivier te bepaal, te dokumenteer en te publiseer. Makroinvertebrate is tydens vyf opnames by ses lokaliteite in die rivier met die gepaste nette en tegnieke versamel, terwyl geselekteerde waterkwaliteitsparameters telkens in-situ gemeet is. ’n Totale diversiteit van 172 taksa (20 ordes en 81 families), verteenwoordig deur 12540 organismes, is tydens die ondersoek gevind. Die meeste van die families wat bekend is daarvoor dat hulle ’n voorkeur vir water van hoë kwaliteit vertoon, is gevind. Waardes vir temperatuur, pH, EG, vloeisnelheid en turbiditeit was deurentyd binne die toleransiereekse vir akwatiese makro-invertebrate. Uit die resultate kan daar afgelei word dat die rivier oorwegend oor ’n hoë taksa-rykheid en diversiteit beskik en dat die taksa eweredig versprei is, wat op ’n gesonde ekostelsel dui. Die teenwoordigheid van verskeie hoogs sensitiewe taksa ondersteun hierdie stelling.
Visual Function Tests as cost Effective Screening Tools For Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Ahmed Faryal , Malik Faraz Iftikhar , Azmat Chaudhary Ehtsham , Gul Ambreen , Raza Ali
Published: March 2020

Purpose:  To find out the importance of visual function tests as cost effective screening tools for diabetic retinopathy.

Study Design:  Descriptive, Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study:  Ophthalmology Unit of Holy Family Hospital, from September 2018 to November 2018.

Material and Methods:  Two hundred and forty-two patients were selected by convenience sampling technique and were divided into three groups. Two groups of diabetics with and without retinopathy and one group of non-diabetics age-matched controls. After relevant history, patients were examined for Visual acuity, Color vision and Contrast sensitivity using Snellen’s Chart, 24 Plates Ishihara Chart and Pelli Robson Chart respectively. Staging of retinopathy was done after mydriasis.

Results:  Diabetic patients irrespective of type and stage, when compared with non-diabetic patients had a greater percentage of abnormal visual function tests. A 6/6 visual acuity was observed in 38.2% of non diabetics as compared to only 8.6% diabetics without retinopathy and 7.5% of diabetics with retinopathy. Color vision abnormalities were detected in only 8.6% of non diabetic patients. However, 11.1% of diabetics without retinopathy and 23.7% with retinopathy showed abnormalities of color vision. The percentage of abnormal Contrast sensitivity was 76.2% for diabetics with retinopathy and 60.4% for diabetics without retinopathy and 27.1% for non-diabetic patients.

Conclusion:  Evaluation of Visual Acuity, Color Vision and Contrast Sensitivity are cheap and easy tests that can be used to screen for diabetic retinopathy thereby allowing early interventions to prevent development of serious ocular diabetic complications.
Mean Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss in Type 2 Diabetic Cataract Patients After Phacoemulsification.
Authors: Mazhar Syed Abdullar , Zahid Sehar , Hanif Junaid , Arshad Muhammad Asharib , Iqbal Rana Naveed
Published: March 2020

Purpose:  To assess the mean corneal endothelial cell loss after Phacoemulsification in patients of type 2 diabetes.

Study Design:  Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study:  Layton Rahmatullah Benevolent Trust Free Eye and Cancer Hospital for a period of six months, from May 2015 to November 2015.

Material and Methods:  Three hundred and fifty-five patients were selected by non-probability convenience sampling. Patients with cataract, diagnosed at least after 6 months of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Patients with any systemic disease or ocular disease other than senile cataract were excluded from the study. Endothelial cell count was measured with Specular microscopy one day before surgery. One experienced surgeon with post-graduate experience of at least five years performed all the procedures. Follow up by specular microscopy was done at 6 weeks after phacoemulsification. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23.

Results:  Mean age of the patients was 59.32 ± 7.60 years. There were 41.97% males and 58.03% females. Mean endothelial cell count before phacoemulsification was 2177.21 ± 591.078 and 6 weeks after surgery was 1984 ± 597.51. Age, gender, laterality, duration of diabetes and type of cataract was not significantly related with endothelial cell loss, p-value > 0.05. Mean endothelial cells loss was higher in patients with HbA1c > 7 as compared to those with HbA1c < 7 (p-value = 0.01).

Conclusion:  Patients with poor control of diabetes have higher endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsification than patients with good control.
Macular hole closure with minimal or no posturing after macular hole surgery
Authors: Awan Amer , Muid Javeria , Hafeez Aiman
Published: March 2020

Purpose:  To find the success rate of idiopathic and traumatic Macular hole (MH) with minimal/ no posturing after Macular Hole (MH) surgery.

Study Design:  Interventional case series.

Place and Duration of Study:  Ophthalmology clinic, Shifa International Hospital Islamabad from July 2017 to December 2018.

Material and Methods:  Nineteen eyes of 19 patients with either idiopathic or traumatic MH were included in the study. All the patients with decreased vision due to any other cause or previous failed MH surgery were excluded. Their preoperative swept source OCT scans were done and MH was categorized according to size of MH. 27 gauge 3 ports pars plana vitrectomy, inner limiting membrane peel and gas (Hexafluoroethane) tamponade was performed in all the patients. No posturing was advised for small MH while minimal prone positioning was advised for medium and large sized MH.

Results:  All the patients had closed MH at post-operative day 1 except one patient who showed decrease in size of hole after surgery. There was significant improvement in vision in all patients from mean preoperative visual acuity of 0.8 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (Range 0.3 to 2.0) to mean post-operative visual acuity of 0.3 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (Range 0.1 to 0.5). On an average 4 lines improvement in visual acuity occurred.

Conclusion:  This study confirms MH closure within 24 hours on the basis of swept source OCT. Prone positioning does not appear to affect closure of small MH. For medium and large sized MH, minimal posturing is needed.
Proper Imaging Modality in Medial Orbital Wall and Blowout Fracture
Authors: Irawati Yunia , Paramita Carennia , Farikha Dian
Published: March 2020

A 27-year-old man was first seen 4 weeks after his right eye being accidently hit by branches of tree. He complained of diplopia which was significant on the right gaze. There were partial thickness superior and inferior eyelid rupture and full thickness superior eyelid margin laceration (which got repaired), hematoma, and swelling of the right eye. Orbital x-ray demonstrated no abnormality. However, orbital CT Scan was eventually obtained and it showed medial wall and orbital floor fracture of the right eye, hence, we planned to do the reconstruction of orbital fracture. We concluded that patient with severe soft tissue swelling, unclear ocular movement restriction and diplopia with normal orbital X-ray should undergo orbital CT scan, as it is the best radiologic imaging in establishing an orbital wall fracture. This case report will discuss the importance on determining a proper imaging modality in blowout fracture.
Open Journal System in the Era of Paperless Papers
Authors: Malik Tayyaba Gul
Published: March 2020

With the start of 2020, we have entered a new decade with the never-ending challenges of the developing world. One of the challenges is the barrier against access to the latest scientific knowledge. To cope with this barrier it is indispensable that the current scientific literature should be made freely available to the resource-constrained countries like Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology has taken a step forward and joined the club of open access journals through “Open Journal System” (OJS).
Refractive results after cataract surgery using Optical biometry
Authors: Hussain Mehvash , Quraishy Muhammad Muneer , Akram Muhammad
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To assess the refractive outcome of optical biometry (Nidek AL-scan) after elective phacoemulsification in a study of 30 eyes.

Study Design:  Descriptive case series.

Place and Duration of Study:  Elective cataract surgeries done at a private clinic from July 2015 to June 2016 were selected and their records were analyzed.

Material Methods:  The measurements of IOL calculation was done using optical biometry with partial coherence interferometry (Nidek AL-scan) that provides information about axial length, central keratometry, white to white diameter and anterior chamber anatomical depth. SRK-T formula was used to calculate IOL power. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination. Phacoemulsification with clear corneal incision of 2.75 mm was done and IOL was implanted in the bag (Alcon Acrysof SN60WF IOL and MA60AC IOL). Post-operative refraction was taken with autorefractor (Huvitz HRK-7000) after 4 weeks and it was compared with pre-operative objective refraction. Comparison of K readings taken by AL-scan and autorefractor were done.

Results:  We studied 30 eyes of 23 patients who underwent elective cataract surgery with foldable IOL. Post-operative spherical equivalent was plano in 53% of cases with mean of -0.05 after 4 weeks postoperatively. The mean keratometric power using autorefractor was 44.4 D while with AL-scan it was 44.7 D. There were no intraoperative complications or postoperative subjective complaints (such as halo or glare) in our patients.

Conclusion:  Intraocular lens power calculations done by optical biometry are easy to use, reliable and result in excellent refractive outcomes.  Ultrasound biometry may still be required in case of mature and dense posterior subcapsular cataract.
CBME framework to promote transition to senior
Authors: Acker Amy , Leifso Kirk , Hawksby Emily
Published: March 2020

Residency programs across Canada are transitioning to Competence by Design (CBD). Our innovative framework improves the traditional transition to independent senior overnight call process by adding workplace-based (WBA) assessments. Our process ensures that faculty and residents have a shared understanding of what competencies need to be demonstrated before residents can work independently as the in-house senior resident overnight. This protocol is worth exploring; initial perceptions suggest an increase in resident confidence while on call and improved faculty comfort when paired with these senior residents. We believe that this in turn will be reflected in enhanced patient care.
Procédure Maastricht 3 : restons attentifs à ses enjeux éthiques !
Authors: Boyer A. , Penven G. , Quentin B. , Silva S. , Thiery G.
Published: March 2020

Peu d’analyses des premiers résultats ont été publiées sur la procédure de don d’organes dite Maastricht 3 (M3), mise en place en 2014 en France. Pourtant, cette procédure est soumise à un conflit d’intérêt intérieur pour le médecin qui devra éclaircir son désir d’être utile aux autres par le biais de la promotion du don d’organes sans que cela n’influence sa décision d’arrêt des traitements de l’éventuel patient donneur. Ceci, alors même que les moyens d’établir un pronostic sont souvent limités. Toute modification des pratiques liées à la fin de vie au cours de l’instauration de la procédure M3 – telles la politique d’admission des patients en réanimation, l’administration de la sédation ou encore la procédure de séparation du ventilateur – peut témoigner d’une volonté de maximisation de l’utilité à court terme de cette procédure. Le consentement des proches peut lui aussi se retrouver biaisé par une forte désirabilité sociale ou par un sentiment de culpabilité, et une évaluation sereine ne sera pas réalisée du fait de la rapidité de la procédure. L’éclairage des tensions philosophiques entre les pensées conséquentialistes et déontologiques, l’importance d’un débat dans chaque structure, une indication très restrictive aux patients anoxiques les plus graves, un contrôle a posteriori indépendant, font partie des solutions proposées dans cet article pour réduire ces problèmes. Alors que la « pénurie » actuelle liée au don d’organes pourrait être résolue par un meilleur taux d’acceptabilité de prélèvements de patients en état de mort encéphalique, se pose finalement la question d’un dépassement irrémédiable des limites éthiques qui garantissent le sens premier de l’engagement des professionnels auprès de leurs patients.
Prise en charge des infections invasives à champignons filamenteux en réanimation : quel(s) antifongique(s) utiliser ?
Authors: Castelain V. , Morel G. , Ledoux M.-P. , Herbrecht R.
Published: March 2020

Les progrès récents dans la prise en charge des malades d’onco-hématologie et greffés de cellules souches hématopoïétiques ou d’organe solide ont conduit à une amélioration de leur survie mais également à une augmentation de l’incidence de leur prise en charge en réanimation. Ces malades profondément immunodéprimés sont particulièrement susceptibles aux infections opportunistes et notamment aux infections fongiques invasives. Si là aussi, des progrès ont été faits pour leur diagnostic microbiologique et leur prise en charge thérapeutique, les infections fongiques invasives à champignons filamenteux demeurent tout de même des affections particulièrement agressives et menaçantes.
Prise en charge du patient atteint d’un traumatisme vertébromédullaire cervical à la phase aiguë
Authors: Fèvre M.-C. , Lewandowski R. , Francony G. , Payen J.-F.
Published: March 2020

Les enjeux de la prise en charge du traumatisme vertébromédullaire (TVM) cervical sont fondamentaux. Le pronostic vital peut être engagé dans l’immédiat. Cette prise en charge découle des conséquences de l’atteinte médullaire sur ses différents contingents moteur, sensitif et autonome et des objectifs de limiter les lésions secondaires. L’évaluation neurologique initiale repose sur le score ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association score). Le scanner ou l’imagerie par résonance magnétique à l’admission sont indispensables. L’optimisation hémodynamique repose sur un remplissage vasculaire minutieux et l’emploi adapté des amines vasopressives chez ces patients qui ont une défaillance des systèmes adaptatifs cardiaques. La prise en charge respiratoire repose sur une stratégie globale comportant une évaluation respiratoire et, si possible, une extubation précoce avec relai par ventilation non invasive et kinésithérapie intensive. Cette stratégie permet la diminution du recours à la trachéotomie et une réduction de la durée de ventilation mécanique. La prévention et le traitement des autres complications liées à la pathologie et à l’immobilisation ne doivent pas être négligés.
Self-Access in Japan: Introduction
Authors: Mynard Jo
Published: March 2020

Welcome to issue 7(4) of SiSAL Journal, which is a special issue on Japan. It is my hope that future issues can be guest-edited special issues from other parts of the world, too. In this introduction, I will begin by commenting on some issues likely to arise in the Japanese context in the coming years along with some practical ways for us to respond. The ideas are based on plenary talks I gave this year in Mexico (see Benson, Chávez Sánchez, McLoughlin, Mynard, & Peña Clavel (2016) for a summary) and Japan (Mynard, 2016; also see Lin (2016) for a summary). I will then give a brief summary of each contribution to this special issue.
The Metamorphosis of a Self-Access Centre in Hong Kong: From Theory to Practice (A Case Study)
Authors: Choi Jessie
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this case study is to illustrate the changes that took place in a self-access centre of a Hong Kong university. The author describes how she adopted several new approaches for the Centre after taking over the post of the Centre Manager. In the face of the changing needs of users and the University and the growth of e-resources, the author tried to convert the Centre into a social gathering place where different kinds of interactions could be promoted. Research was conducted into the theories that had been adopted to make the Centre an attractive place for the students of the university. The re-shaping story of this Centre might offer some ideas or thoughts for educators or language centre managers in their own situations.
Triptolide Inhibits Neuronal Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Pentylenetetrazol-Induced-Epilepsy via Upregulation of miR-187 Expression
Authors: Jingzi Jiang , Junlin Feng , Lan Wu , Jing Liang , Yuchan He , Chaoqian Li
Published: March 2020

Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the nervous system. Neuronal apoptosis is closely involved in the development and progression of epilepsy. Triptolide is a widely used immunosuppressive agent in traditional Chinese medicine. However, a neuroprotective role of triptolide in epilepsy has been suggested but not fully explored. To this end, using pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in rats as a model for epilepsy, we explored the effect of triptolide on seizure and its associated mechanisms. The results showed that triptolide significantly decreased the seizure severity and inhibited the apoptosis of neurons, accompanied by an improvement in the expression of miR-187 in the hippocampus region in pentylenetetrazol-treated rats. The up-regulation of miR-187 expression could inhibit neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus. Finally, the results showed that miR-187 antagomir significantly reversed the protective effects of triptolide in pentylenetetrazol-treated rats. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that triptolide inhibits neuronal apoptosis, at least partially, through up-regulating miR-187.
THE IMAGE OF SPHINX IN THE DECORATION OF SCYTHIAN CLOTHES
Authors: Klochko L. S.
Published: March 2020

By V—IV century BC the images which iconography and context originate from Greek-Scythian art are becoming popular among people of Scythia. One of the most popular motive was sphinx. It was depicted on jewelry: earrings, neck rings, bracelets, appliqué-plates. The image of the mythical creature was among symbols of gods, life-giving forces of nature as well as signs of protection against dark forces. Some stories on the artifacts from Scythian kurgans are unique, presumably free interpretations of images from the creations of Greek masters. Often the image of sphinx was included to the heraldic compositions on golden plates which decorated headdresses. Most of the appliqués with relief patterns were forged in Greek workshops of Northern coast of Black Sea. However some artifacts tell about the existence of jewelry craft in Scythia itself.

The images of sphinx with double and symmetrically opened torso raise extreme interest. This is the feature of decorative art of Northern coast of Black Sea. The majority of the artifacts which represent different variations of the image are found on the Scythian territory. It is possible that the idea of the image should be linked to the semantics of the sphinx — its dualistic nature. The iconography has the reflections of traditions which are usual for Scythian art: the stylization, representations of species specific of creatures, so-called transformations (one detail becomes set-up for another). The decorative elements with the image of sphinx with double and symmetrically opened torso were also symbols of fertility in Scythian costume.
ABOUT THE THREE HILLFORTS OF SCYTHIAN TIME AT PUTYVL’S AM SEYM REGION
Authors: Karavaiko D. V.
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, the archaeological excavations conducted on the three hillforts — two of them are situated near Vorgol village and one of them near Shiryaevo, at Putyvl’s am Seym region. Vorgol hillfort was explored by D. T. Berezovets. The fortified settlements are located on the surrounding capes of the high right riverside of the Kleven. About 300 square meters were investigated and conducted the transverse section of a shaft on the Eastern hillfort, in 1949. The researcher was a specialist of antiquities of the Slavic-Rus period, and therefore the materials of Scythian time were beyond his control. There are only clay sparrows of Early Iron Age, in the collection, which is partially stored in the funds of the Institute of Archeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

D. T. Berezovets conducted excavations on the Shiryaevo hillfort, in 1948—1949. Unfortunately, the results of that works have not been published, and some information of that excavations are published in this article for the first time. The researches on the hillfort was continued by V. A. Ilyinskaya, in 1950. This archaeology site is dated VI—IV centuries BC. The results of archaeological researches were publicated on the «Archeology» journal. It was not possible to cover all the material at that time, regarding to objective reasons. At least the two horizons were extract on the Shiryaevo hillfort, as result of analysis of the collection of excavations in 1949—1950. The first, oldest of them, is dated VI, maybe the beginning of V century BC. The second, according to the material, is dated the second half of the V—IV centuries BC. The total investigated area, during the years 1948—1950, is about 300 square meters.
THE SCYTHIAN BURIALS WITH A BRIDLE FROM THE DNIPRO PRYPORIZHYA
Authors: Mogylov O. D.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the publication of materials of several Scythian burials on the Dnipro Pryporyzhya territory in 1927—1932. An archeological expedition was founded under the direction of Academician D. Ya. Yavornytsky, in connection with the construction of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Plant. Many Scythian antiquities had been explored in the archaeological sites of other epochs. Its members were actively working well-known archaeologists, beginning specialists and local historians: A. V. Dobrovolskyj, M. Ya. Rudynskyj, S. S. Gamchenko, P. I. Smolichev, M. O. Miller, T. T. Kyraniv, G. G. Martens, V. A. Grinchenko, P. A. Kozar, F. M. Sapyan, L. E. Kistyakivskyj and other. Almost S. Magura conducts his researches in this region.

The cemetery at the Gadiucha Balka on the northern right bank of Dnipro river in Zaporoizhya included both barrows and prevailing burials without embankments, and stone laying on the surface. Necropolis was founded in the Vth century BC, and was used in the IVth BC. There is a high percentage of burials with weapons comparing with similar monuments. The most interesting is the burial 3 in group 1. There are two pits without bones under the stone pavement. A set of bronze arrowheads, an iron spear, bits with cheeck-peaces, and also a part of the horn of a deer was founded in this cenotaph.

Mound grave predominated over burials without a mound in the necropolis near Dniprozavodbud. Necropolis functioned in the V—IV centuries. BC. Two burials from the grave 36 survived. They belonged to a woman, accompanied by a mirror and a necklace, as well as a warrior with a quiver set. Barrow 4 contained a ruined burial. The skeleton was accompanied by a bronze cheeck-peace.

Mound grave burials dominated in the burial groups of the Kichkas while stone pavements were only a quarter. In the grave 6 at the Kichkas railway station, the burial was performed in the pit, where the arrowhead was found. Details of the bridle and bronze knife were founded at the periphery of the complex. The archaeological site refers to the early middlescythian time.

Barrow 9 in the village Kushugum was girded with a stone fastener and had 0.79 m height and a diameter — 24 m. Objects of bridle (zoomorphic plates, buckles) was founded in its burial mound. A burial in an oval pit was inside. The skeleton lay stretched out on its back, its head to the west. Arrowheads was in a grave. The burial can be dated the 2nd quarter — the middle of the 5th century BC.

It is established that the tradition of the construction of stone piles in the non-kurgan cemeteries on the Lower Dnieper goes back to the Bronze Age and the pre-Scythian period. Perhaps this indicates the residence of a part of the sedentary autochthonous population here for such a long time, which has carried this tradition through the ages.
FIBULAE OF CHERVONYY MAYAK BURIAL GROUND
Authors: Dzneladze O. S. , Sikoza D. N. , Symonenko A. V.
Published: March 2020

Having analyzed of fibulae four chronological periods in the usage of the burial ground Chervony Mayak can be distinguished: the early stage (the second half of the 2nd century BC — the first half of the 1st century BC); the second stage (the second half of the 1st century BC — the first half of the 1st century AD) which is the time of appearance of the first Roman imports; the third «stage of heyday» (the second half of the 1st — the first half of the 2nd century AD) — the time of increase of population at the settlement, the emergence of the «Eastern wave» of Sarmatian migration and the Sarmatization of the Late Scythian culture; the final stage (the second half of 2nd century — the first half of the 3rd century AD), the time of the last Late Scythian funerals on the Chervony Mayak necropolis. The comparison of the number of fibulae with gender of the buried allows to research some patterns of the Late Scythian costume. The chronology of fibulae shows that one catacomb could be used for collective funeral no more than 50 years.
GRAIN FARMING OF THE MIDDLE DON POPULATION AT THE SCYTHIAN TIME
Authors: Gorbanenko S. A. , Gorbanenko S. A. , Merkulov A. N.
Published: March 2020

For the reconstruction of ancient societiesґ farming systems it is very important to have information about their grains farming. This article is a summary of the data from the Middle Don population during the Scythian period. The materials were obtained from floating plants and fingerprint analysis of clay products, all the collections are from settlement, burial and religion monuments. The materials comprise all areas of the Middle Don and fully reflect its chronology and culture.

The typical established compounds of cereals cultivated by tribes from the Middle Don during the early Iron Age culture in palaeoethnobotany spectrum are: millet, emmer wheat, barley and rye. The detected legumes were: peas and vetch. The statements and gathered evidences are: prints plum and blackthorn on the bottom from different pottery and fragments of hazel nut shell from the flotation samples.

Among the prints on ceramics there are negatives of weeds growing in spring and winter crops. This combination of weed in the materials of monuments allowed the authors to suggest the presence of multi-crop farming and rather complex cropping system (two-, three-field).
BARROWS OF EURASIA — THE NEW LOOK TO THE SITES AND NEW TASKS OF THEIR RESEARCH
Authors: Nagler A.
Published: March 2020

The new method of the excavation and fixation of barrow mounds approved at the excavation of large barrows in Kazakhstan, Stavropol, and Tuva is described in the paper. As a result of research on this method the author obtained the undeniable evidence that the mound of a barrow was built in several steps from various soils using the clay mortar and turf «bricks». The author questions the accuracy and reliability of fixing the structure of the barrow mounds excavated by traditional methods and doubts the correctness of the term «the mound» since it was not filled but was built as an architectural structure.
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE CURRENT STATE OF ART AND PRIORITIES IN THE STUDY OF THE CHIŞINĂU—CORLĂTENI CULTURE OF THE CARPATHIAN-DNIESTER AREA (the 12th—10th Centuries BC)
Authors: Levitski O. G. , Sîrbu L. V.
Published: March 2020

The study gives a brief presentation of the history of research of grooved Hallstatt culture of the Carpathian-Dniester area represented by a local variant called Chişinău—Corlăteni, and the current state of art of knowledge of the main cultural. A special attention is paid to the achievements in studying of general issues of the Early Hallstatt period in the Carpathian-Dniester region. The final part of the study proposes more specified directions of research in the present domain taking in consideration the actual debated questions on Chişinău—Corlăteni culture, among which problems of genesis, evolution, and historical destiny of the culture bearers could be mentioned.
Työväen Sivistysliiton "Agricola"
Authors: Tuomisto Tero
Published: March 2020

The Workers´ Educational Association WEA of Finland (TSL) was founded on the first of September 1919 in Helsinki. The real founding father was professor Väinö Voionmaa, a member of parliament. The first secretary for the organization was found a couple of weeks later in Turku: chief editor of a local labour newspaper, Hjalmar Eklund (1880–1937). Eklund became a student in 1899, and he graduated as a Master of Arts in 1903. Later in his life, he studied mathematics and philosophy in Göttingen and Leipzig. He worked as a school teacher of mathematics and natural sciences, and he was active in a social democratic youth club in Turku. During the Civil War in 1918, Eklund took part in the Red government of Finland. As a consequence, he was sentenced to prison after the war. In the late autumn of 1918, he was released conditionally. He was not allowed to continue as a teacher. When Eklund was asked to become the first secretary of the TSL he first hesitated, but then he took up the post. He supervised the small office with an eager, friendly and hearty attitude. Besides his post in the TSL, he was also known as one of the most important figures in Finland in mathematical logic. He resigned in October 1926 from the TSL and moved back to Turku where he worked as a mathematician for an insurance company.
DINAMICS OF THE RESULTS OF LOCAL MONITORING OF HOSPITAL INFECTION IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Authors: Baranovska V. M. , Hilova V. V. , Zarivchatskaya P. G. , Kvashyna O. V.
Published: March 2020

Summary. A comparative trial of hospital infection carries has been conducted in the department   anesthesiology with intensive care ward (ADICW) over the past 5 years. Spectrum of nosocomial pathogens in the ADICW compared with 2012 has changes. Most often in the 2016–2018 years met Е. coli — 26,6 %, Ps. aeruginosa — 18,5%, Enterococcus faecium — 11,3%, Staphylococcus aureus — 10,2 %. Attracts attention decrease in sensitivity of nosocomial pathogens to meropenem in relationto the 2012–2014 years. Acinetobacter  baumannii in 2016–2018 was the cause of hospital infection in 6 % and was almost resistant to meropenem.
STAGED PREPARATION OF DEEP BURNS TO AUTODERMOPLASTIKS AFTER NECROTOMY
Authors: Boyko V. V. , Kravtsov A. V. , Isaev Yu. I. , Kozin Yu. I. , Tsogoev A. A. , Kurbanov T. A.
Published: March 2020

Summary.  A method was developed and used under clinical conditions for the stepwise preparation of deep burns for autodermoplasty after necrectomy in 57 patients with thermal injury.  The method consisted in the application of neutral wound dressings, dressings and irrigation regimen developed complex multicomponent solution at the stages of treatment.  A positive effect of the proposed treatment on the course of the wound healing process and improvement of the main clinical indicators of treatment was established.
THE FIRST RESULTS OF A MINI-LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY USING THE FAST-TRACK PROTOCOL
Authors: Malinovsky A. V. , Galimon M. M.
Published: March 2020

Summary. The aim of the study is to analyze the first results of mini-laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute and chronic calculouscholecystitis using the fast-track protocol. The study included women aged 20 to 50 years with a body mass index of 18 to 35 kg/m2, whom the cosmetic effect of the operation was important, and quick rehabilitation times. The average age of the patients was 38 years (from 33 to 48 years). The average body mass index was 24.2 kg/m2 (from 19.0 to 30.1 kg/m2). The patient was divided into 2 groups. The main group consisted of 9 women who underwent mini-laparoscopic cholecystectomy, including 2 cases of acute calculouscholecystitis, with using the fast-track protocol. The control group consisted of 7 women who underwent the traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a standard protocol for post-operative management.
EXPERIENCE OF ERAS PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION IN THE SURGICAL PRACTICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE VENTRAL HERNIA
Authors: Tarasiuk T. V. , Yuzkiv R. P.
Published: March 2020

Aim: to study the experience of introducing elements of the protocol for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the surgical treatment of postoperative ventral hernias.

Materials and methods: This article presents the results of surgical treatment of 122 patients with postoperative ventral hernias, in whom in 24 (20%) cases operations on the anterior abdominal wall were performed laparoscopically (study group), in 98 (80%) - by “open” method (control group).

Results: The average duration of the “open” operations was 135 ± 45 min., laparoscopic one - 120 ± 30 min. After laparoscopic hernioplasty patients became active within 1.5-2 hours after extubation. After the operation according to the sublay method, in 61.2% of cases the patient was verticalized and became active within the chamber after 5-6 hours, and in 38.7% of cases- during the first days after operation. Postoperative stay in hospital among patients in the control group after “open” hernioplasty was 7.3 ± 1.5, after laparoscopic surgery - 2.6 ± 1.2.

Conclusions: Based on the analysis of the obtained results, it is possible to argue about the feasibility of introducing elements of the ERAS protocol for the surgical treatment of postoperative ventral hernias, especially when performing laparoscopic hernioplasty.
THE FIRST RESULTS OF LAPAROSCOPIC INTRAPERITONEAL ALLOPLASTY OF UMBILICAL AND POSTOPERATIVE VENTRAL HERNIAS WITH CLOSURE OF THE HERNIAL DEFECT USING 3D LAPAROSCOPY
Authors: Malinovsky A. V. , Badion S. Y.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The aim of the study was to analyze the first results of laparoscopic alloplasty of the umbilical and postoperative ventral hernias with suturing the hernial defect using 3D laparoscopy. During the period from September 2018 to April 2019, we performed 12 intraperitoneal alloplastic umbilical and postoperative hernias of medium and large sizes. The main group consisted of 7 patients who underwent intraperitoneal alloplasty with closure of the hernial defect and sac. 3D laparoscopy was used in some patients, (Epic HD system, Richard Wolf). The control group consisted of 5 patients who underwent intraperitoneal alloplasty without suturing the hernial defect and sac.

Seromes in the main group were in 3 cases, the average volume was 2 ml (from 0.5 to 3 ml), in the control group seromes were also in 3 cases, the average volume was 2.8 ml (from 1 to 5.5 ml). The immediate results, tracked from 1 to 6 months, showed no recurrence in both groups.
PHOTODYNAMIC DIAGNOSTIC OF NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES OF COLON
Authors: Perehodko D. A. , Stadnik E. A.
Published: March 2020

Resume. In this work we introduce the results of examination of 35 patients with neoplasia of distal part of colon. During this examination we use a system of fotodynamic diagnostic SFD.M16-1C2 and a pharmacological drug Hyperflav. Endoscopic examination (video colonoscopy) was doing during 7-9 hours after patients had taken 2 capsules of Hyperflav (8 mg. of hyperycine). From areas which had been fluorescent inducted by photosensibilisation, typical for morphological atypical cells, a biopsy was done. Using of photodynamic diagnostic help us to raise accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of verification of neoplastic processes of mucous membrane of the colon up to 99,8%, 94,9%,94,0% in accordance.
MOTIVASI DAN KETERAMPILAN PEMAHAMAN TEHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA DENGAN STRATEGI THINK TALK WRITE
Authors: Rizqiyani Putri Okti , Utami Wikan Budi , Isnani Isnani
Published: March 2020

This study aims to analyze how the influence of 1) motivation on mathematical problem solving skills with TTW strategy, 2) skills of understanding of mathematical problem solving skills with TTW strategies, 3) motivation and skills understanding of mathematical problem solving skills with TTW strategies. Data collection techniques using tests, questionnaires, and observations. The test instrument for problem solving ability amounted to 10 items, the questionnaire amounted to 30 items, while the observation instrument amounted to 15 items. Test instruments and questionnaires were first tested in the trial class to determine validity and reliability. Data analysis using a simple linear regression test and multiple regression, with a significance level of 5%. The results were obtained 1) motivation influences the ability of mathematical problem solving with TTW strategy with a degree of influence 60.59%, 2) comprehension skills affect the ability to solve mathematical problems with TTW strategies with an effect of 59.3%, 3) motivation and comprehension skills affect the ability to solve mathematical problems with the TTW strategy with a 65.99% effect.Keywords: Motivation, Understanding Skills, Mathematical Problem Solving Ability, Think Talk Write Strategy
LEVEL PENALARAN ALJABAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Puspitasari Ericha Putri
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui level penalaran aljabar siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini 3 siswa kelas V sekolah dasar di Purworejo. Teknik pengambilan subjek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah snowball. Pengumpulan data menggunakan aktivitas pembelajaran dengan media pendukung berupa Lembar Kerja Siswa, lembar obser-vasi, catatan lapangan dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dari Miles & Hubermen yang meliputi tiga aktivitas yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat aktivitas pada pembelajaran matematika yang belum masuk pada level penalaran aljabar yang dikemukakan oleh Godino yaitu level 1,5. Tahapan tersebut terlewati secara bertahap dari level 0 sampai level 3 dan melewati level 1,5 yaitu mengaitkan konsep bangun persegi dengan simbol aljabar sebelum sampai pada level 2. Aktivitas subjek yang dilakukan pada level ini lebih pada pengkaitan objek dengan konsep lain dalam pembelajaran matematika.
BERPIKIR KOMBINATORIK MATEMATIS SISWA DALAM MENGKONSTRUKSI KONSEP PELUANG
Authors: Handoko Jepri Igo Budi , Umar Singgih Eko Nisfu , Purwaningsih Wharyanti Ika
Published: March 2020

This qualitative research aims to describe activity of students mathematical combinatorial thinking in constructing of the opportunity concept. The subject of the study is two students of Junior High School who had the ability in constructing concept. Data collection was obtained at the time of learning carried out based on learning plan as research instruments. The results showed a combinatorial thinking activity in constructing concepts. Counting processes are showen by students identifying dice and coins, solving theoritical opportunities problems with tables or diagrams, and solving empirical opportunities problems. Formulas/exspressions are showen by students being able to construct sampel points and sample space, construct theoritical opportunities concept, and make mathematical formulas of opportunities. Set of outcomes is showen by students being able to find the results of solving theoritical opportunity problems of one/or more dice and coins as well as the results of solving empirically opportunity problems.Keywords: combinatorial thinking, constructing concept, opportunity
Penyimpangan Tindakan Komunikatif Habermas dalam Cerpen “Sensasi Selebriti” Karya Sirikit Syah
Authors: Inayatillah Fafi , Abdul Muhaiminul Aziz
Published: March 2020

Tulisan ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi penyimpangan tindakan komunikatif yang dilakukan oleh tokoh Amir dalam cerpen “Sensasi Selebriti”. Penyimpangan tersebut mengakibatkan tidak terwujudnya komunikasi berdasarkan teori tindakan komunikatif Habermas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian ini diperoleh  dengan cara membaca dan memahami isi teks. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi. Selanjutnya, data penelitian ini dianalisis berdasarkan penyimpangan tindakan komunikatif versi Habermas dengan tolak ukur, kebenaran, ketepatan, kejujuran, dan komprehensibilitas/kesepakatan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tokoh Amir dalam cerpen ini telah melakukan penyimpangan terhadap empat klaim teori tindakan komunikatif Habermas. Akibat penyimpangan tersebut komunikasi dalam tim redaksi  tidak berjalan efektif. Kesepakatan yang terjadi dalam kisah cerpen ini penuh dominasi kekuasaan sehingga masyarakatnya belum menunjukkan masyarakat komunikatif. Kondisi ini menggambarkan kritik penulis terhadap kondisi media pasca-Orde Baru yang dikuasi pemilik modal, informasi diproduksi berdasarkan kepentingan pasar.

Kata kunci: penyimpangan, klaim dalam teori tindakan komunikatif Habermas, cerpen “Sensasi Selebriti”
Sleep Training
Authors: Liu Amy
Published: March 2020

Adequate sleep in infancy and beyond is important for development; however, many children are not sleeping the recommended amount. During the first few years of childhood, infants are frequently seen in the pediatric office for well-visits and a myriad of other concerns, including sleep difficulties. As such, pediatricians should be adequately prepared to address these concerns. This article aims to provide clinicians with a basic knowledge of sleep physiology, sleep patterns and development, and current guidelines and options available for parents to address these issues.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(3):e101–e105.]
Fabrication of SiNWs-FET Nanostructure Via Atomic Force Microscopy Lithography
Authors: Alias Nurain Najihah , Yaacob Khatijah Aisha , Cheong Kuan Yew
Published: March 2020

The unique electrical properties of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) is one of the reasons it become an attractive transducer for biosensor nowadays. Positive (holes) and negative (electron) charge carriers from SiNWs can simply interact with either positive or negative charge of sensing target. In this paper, we have studied the fabrication of silicon nanowires field effect transistor (SiNWs-FET) nanostructure patterned on 15 Ω resistivity of p-type silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer fabricated via atomic force microscopy lithography technique. To fabricate SiNWs-FET nanostructure, a conductive AFM tip, Cr/Pt cantilever tip, was used then various value of applied voltage, writing speed and relative humidity were studied. Subsequent, followed by wet etching processes, admixture of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) were used to remove the undesired of silicon layer and diluted hydrofluoric acid (HF) was used to remove the oxide layer. From the results, it shows that, cantilever tip at 9 V with 0.4 μm/s writing speed and relative humidity between 55% - 60% gives the best formation of silicon oxide to fabricate SiNWs-FET nanostructure.
Boron Nitride Doped Polypyrrole Hybrid Composites for Photocatalytic Degradation of 2-Chlorophenol from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yunus Faizah , Kassim Muhammad Syazwan , Shahabuddin Syed , Said Nur Rahimah , Baharin Siti Nor Atika
Published: March 2020

This investigation focused on the photocatalytic degradation of o2-chlorophenol in aqueous solution by using hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) doped polypyrrole (PPy) composite under solar irradiation. The composite was prepared via in-situ oxidation polymerization method using FeCl3 as oxidation agent. The synthesized h-BN/PPy composite were comprehensively characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The photodegradation of 2-chlorophenol was performed under direct sunlight for 180 minutes with initial concentration (50-250 mg/L) and pH (3-9). h-BN/PPy composite efficiently degraded 2-chlorophenol (91.1%) with optimum conditions at pH 6 and 50 mg/L initial concentration compared to PPy and h-BN.