bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influences of landscape change and winter severity on invasive ungulate persistence in the Nearctic boreal forest
Authors: Fisher Jason T. , Burton A. Cole , Nolan Luke , Roy Laurence
Published: May 2020

Climate and landscape change are drivers of species range shifts and biodiversity loss; understanding how they facilitate and sustain invasions has been empirically challenging. Winter severity is decreasing with climate change and is a predicted mechanism of contemporary and future range shifts. For example, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) expansion is a continental phenomenon across the Nearctic with ecological consequences for entire biotic communities. We capitalized on recent temporal variation in winter severity to examine spatial and temporal dynamics of invasive deer distribution in the Nearctic boreal forest. We hypothesized deer distribution would decrease in severe winters reflecting historical climate constraints, and remain more static in moderate winters reflecting recent climate. Further, we predicted that regardless of winter severity, deer distribution would persist and be best explained by early seral forage subsidies from extensive landscape change via resource extraction. We applied dynamic occupancy models in time, and species distribution models in space, to data from 62 camera traps sampled over 3 years in northeastern Alberta, Canada. Deer distribution shrank more markedly in severe winters but rebounded each spring regardless of winter severity. Deer distribution was best explained by anthropogenic landscape features assumed to provide early seral vegetation subsidy, accounting for natural landcover. We conclude that deer dynamics in the northern boreal forest are influenced both by landscape change across space and winter severity through time, the latter expected to further decrease with climate change. We contend that the combined influence of these two drivers is likely pervasive for many species, with changing resources offsetting or augmenting physiological limitations.
Real-time Inference and Detection of Disruptive EEG Networks for Epileptic Seizures
Authors: Bomela Walter , Wang Shuo , Chou Chun-An , Li Jr-Shin
Published: May 2020

Recent studies in brain science and neurological medicine paid a particular attention to develop machine learning-based techniques for the detection and prediction of epileptic seizures with electroencephalogram (EEG). As a noninvasive monitoring method to record brain electrical activities, EEG has been widely used for capturing the underlying dynamics of disruptive neuronal responses across the brain in real-time to provide clinical guidance in support of epileptic seizure treatments in practice. In this study, we introduce a novel dynamic learning method that first infers a time-varying network constituted by multivariate EEG signals, which represents the overall dynamics of the brain network, and subsequently quantifies its topological property using graph theory. We demonstrate the efficacy of our learning method to detect relatively strong synchronization (characterized by the algebraic connectivity metric) caused by abnormal neuronal firing during a seizure onset. The computational results for a realistic scalp EEG database show a detection rate of 93.6% and a false positive rate of 0.16 per hour (FP/h); furthermore, our method observes potential pre-seizure phenomena in some cases.
Substantia nigra echogenicity is associated with serum ferritin, gender and iron-related genes in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Li Kai , Ge Yi-Lun , Gu Chen-Chen , Zhang Jin-Ru , Jin Hong , Li Jiao , Cheng Xiao-Yu , Yang Ya-Ping , Wang Fen , Zhang Ying-Chun , Chen Jing , Mao Cheng-Jie , Liu Chun-Feng
Published: May 2020

Substantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity is present in most Parkinson’s disease (PD) cases but is occasionally absent in some. To date, age, gender, disease severity, and other factors have been reported to be associated with SN hyperechogenicity in PD. Previous studies have discovered that excess iron deposition in the SN underlies its hyperechogenicity in PD, which may also indicate the involvement of genes associated with iron metabolism in hyperechogenicity. The objective of our study is to explore the potential associations between variants in iron metabolism-associated genes and SN echogenicity in Han Chinese PD. Demographic profiles, clinical data, SN echogenicity and genotypes were obtained from 221 Han Chinese PD individuals with a sufficient bone window. Serum ferritin levels were quantified in 92 of these individuals by immunochemical assay. We then compared factors between PD individuals with SN hyperechogenicity and those with SN hypoechogenicity to identify factors that predispose to SN hyperechogenicity. Of our 221 participants, 122 (55.2%) displayed SN hyperechogenicity, and 99 (44.8%) displayed SN hypoechogenicity. Gender and serum ferritin levels were found to be associated with SN hyperechogenicity. In total, 14 genes were included in the sequencing part. After data processing, 34 common single nucleotide polymorphisms were included in our further analyses. In our data, we also found a significantly higher frequency of PANK2 rs3737084 (genotype: OR = 2.07, P = 0.013; allele: OR = 2.51, P = 0.002) in the SN hyperechogenic group and a higher frequency of PLA2G6 rs731821 (genotype: OR = 0.45, P = 0.016; allele: OR = 0.44, P = 0.011) in the SN hypoechogenic group. However, neither of the two variants was found to be correlated with serum ferritin. This study demonstrated that genetic factors, serum ferritin level, and gender may explain the interindividual variability in SN echogenicity in PD. This is an explorative study, and further replication is warranted in larger samples and different populations.
Isokinetic Performance of Shoulder External and Internal Rotators of Professional Volleyball Athletes by Different Positions
Authors: Kim Do-Kyung , Park Geon , Kuo Liang-Tseng , Park Won-Hah
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to exam the isokinetic shoulder rotator strength of professional volleyball athletes, by playing positions. This cross-sectional study included a total of 49 healthy male professional volleyball players. We measured the isokinetic strength of the external rotator (ER) and internal rotator (IR) muscles and compared the dominant and non-dominant shoulders at angular speeds of 60°/s and 180°/s. In ER, all positions of players had similar strength between the dominant shoulder and non-dominant shoulders. Conversely, all playing positions except libero had stronger strength in dominant shoulder than that in the non-dominant shoulder. The ER/IR ratio in the dominant shoulder was significantly lower only for the attacker (outside hitter and opposite) at 60°/s and 180°/s (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0028 respectively) and blocker at 60°/s (P = 0.0273) when compared with non-dominant shoulder. Furthermore, the attacker had a lower ER/IR ratio in the dominant shoulder than setter and libero at 60°/s and 180°/s. For elite volleyball players without injury, the dominant shoulder had a higher strength of internal rotation, causing the relative muscle imbalance than the non-dominant shoulder, especially for the attacker and blocker positions. Training program should be individualized for each playing position to improve the imbalanced shoulder.
Molecular and nanoengineering approaches towards activatable cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Chi , Pu Kanyi
Published: May 2020

This review summarizes the development of activatable immunotherapeutic nanoagents that activate antitumor immunity only in response to internal or external stimuli, which potentially enhance patient response rates while reducing immune-related adverse events during cancer immunotherapy.
3D printed O2indicators
Authors: Yusufu Dilidaer , Han Ri , Mills Andrew
Published: May 2020

Production of an array of O2sensitive dots using 3D printing from the appropriate filament produced by extrusion.
Bifunctional phosphine ligand-enabled gold-catalyzed direct cycloisomerization of alkynyl ketones to 2,5-disubstituted furans
Authors: Hu Xiaojun , Zhou Bingwei , Jin Hongwei , Liu Yunkui , Zhang Liming
Published: May 2020

A gold(i)-catalyzed direct cycloisomerization of alkynyl ketones to 2,5-disubstituted furans enabled by a bifunctional phosphine ligand was successfully achieved.
Effects of incorporating regioisomers and flexible rotors to direct aggregation induced emission to achieve stimuli-responsive luminogens, security inks and chemical warfare agent sensors
Authors: Adil Laxmi Raman , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan
Published: May 2020

A simple design strategy to convert ACQ materials into bright AIE luminogens is demonstrated. Unique differences in photophysical properties were observed among them which gave rise to stimuli responsive behaviour and sensor for chemical warfare agents.
Nickel-catalyzed allyl–allyl coupling reactions between 1,3-dienes and allylboronates
Authors: Ji Ding-Wei , He Gu-Cheng , Zhang Wei-Song , Zhao Chao-Yang , Hu Yan-Cheng , Chen Qing-An
Published: May 2020

A nickel-hydride catalysis has been developed to facilitate the allyl–allyl cross-coupling reactions between 1,3-dienes and allyl-B(pin) in excellent regioselectivity.
An easy and low-cost method of embedding chiral molecules in metal–organic frameworks for enantioseparation
Authors: Hu Xiao-Jing , Huang Ge , Zhang Shuo , Fang Zhi-Bin , Liu Tian-Fu , Cao Rong
Published: May 2020

A facile post-synthetic modification method has been demonstrated here to prepare chiral metal–organic frameworks for enantioseparation.
Template-free electrochemical synthesis of Cd/CdTe core/shell nanowires and CdTe nanotubes
Authors: She Guangwei , Cai Tong , Mu Lixuan , Shi Wensheng
Published: May 2020

Template-free electrodeposition was utilized to prepare Cd/CdTe nanowires and CdTe nanotubes for the first time, where the formation of one-dimensional structures was due to the highly anisotropic crystal structure and the Kirkendall effect.
In situ coupling of TiO2(B) and ZIF-8 with enhanced photocatalytic activity via effective defect
Authors: Qi Xiaoxue , Shang Feng , Wang Tao , Ma Yuqin , Yan Yongsheng
Published: May 2020

A composite photocatalyst was obtained by coupling ZIF-8 and TiO2(B) via a simple method, which showed the enhanced photocatalytic due to the oxygen vacancies/Ti3+.
Adsorption of CO2and CH4in MIL-47 investigated by the 3D-RISM molecular theory of solvation
Authors: Gavazzoni Cristina , Skaf Munir S.
Published: May 2020

3D-RISM molecular theory of solvation to compute gas distribution in MOFs.
Unprecedented stability enhancement of multiply charged anions through decoration with negative electron affinity noble gases
Authors: Joshi Meenakshi , Ghanty Tapan K.
Published: May 2020

Noble gas inserted highly symmetric icosahedral B12Ng12F122−(Ng = Kr–Xe) dianions with exceptional electronic stability in the gas phase are predicted using DFT, MP2 and DLPNO-CCSD(T) based methods.
A model for the effect of ion pairing on an outer sphere electron transfer
Authors: Nazmutdinov Renat , Quaino Paola , Colombo Estefania , Santos Elizabeth , Schmickler Wolfgang
Published: May 2020

Our theory for the effect of ion pairing on electron transfer explains why the chloride ion catalyses copper deposition.
Direct synthesis of metastable phases of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Sokolikova Maria S. , Mattevi Cecilia
Published: May 2020

This critical review investigates the synthesis strategies designed to achieve the crystal phase control in TMDs and discusses the chemical mechanisms that can drive the synthesis of metastable phases.
High-throughput and reliable determination of 13 haloacetic acids and dalapon in water and evaluation of control strategies
Authors: Postigo Cristina , Emiliano Pere , Valero Fernando
Published: May 2020

A simple, fast, highly-sensitive and selective method for the simultaneous determination of 13 haloacetic acids and dalapon in water was developed and applied to evaluate two strategies to control the concentrations of the target analytes in water.
Ultrasensitive optofluidic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by on-chip integrated polymer whispering-gallery-mode microlaser sensors
Authors: Ouyang Xia , Liu Tong , Zhang Yangxi , He Jijun , He Zijian , Zhang A. Ping , Tam Hwa-Yaw
Published: May 2020

Polymer whispering-gallery-mode microlaser sensors are optically 3D μ-printed and then integrated within a microfluidic chip for ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers.
Surface biofunctionalization to improve the efficacy of biomaterial substrates to be used in regenerative medicine
Authors: Casanova Marta R. , Reis Rui L. , Martins Albino , Neves Nuno M.
Published: May 2020

The surface biofunctionalization of a biomaterial aim to enhance their biofunctionality at the cellular/tissue level. This review summarized different biofunctionalization strategies applied in the Tissue Engineering and Medicine Regenerative field.
Investigation of a hybrid binder constitution for lithium–sulfur battery application
Authors: Yuan Yan , Li Zhengqian , Lu Hai , Cheng Hao , Zheng Dongdong , Fang Zhao
Published: May 2020

A hybrid binder system develops the synergistic effect of strong chemical/hydrogen bond affinity with polysulfides from PAA and appropriate electrolyte uptake in virtue of PAM for boosting the performances of sulfur cathode.
Remarkable second and third order nonlinear optical properties of organometallic C6Li6–M3O electrides
Authors: Ullah Faizan , Ayub Khurshid , Mahmood Tariq
Published: May 2020

Electrides are excess electron compounds with excellent nonlinear optical properties.
Total synthesis of antiallergic bicyclic peptide seongsanamide A
Authors: Han Feipeng , Guo Yian , Ye Tao
Published: May 2020

The first total synthesis of antiallergic depsipeptide seongsanamide A has been achieved and also the relative and absolute stereochemistry of the natural product has been confirmed.
Cross-dehydrogenative coupling involving benzylic and allylic C–H bonds
Authors: Bosque Irene , Chinchilla Rafael , Gonzalez-Gomez Jose C. , Guijarro David , Alonso Francisco
Published: May 2020

Benzylic and allylic C–H bonds are coupled with C(sp)–H, C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H bonds in a straightforward and high atom-economic manner.
Predicting the unexpected in stomatal gas exchange: not just an open-and-shut case
Authors: Klejchová Martina , Hills Adrian , Blatt Michael R.
Published: May 2020

Plant membrane transport, like transport across all eukaryotic membranes, is highly non-linear and leads to interactions with characteristics so complex that they defy intuitive understanding. The physiological behaviour of stomatal guard cells is a case in point in which, for example, mutations expected to influence stomatal closing have profound effects on stomatal opening and manipulating transport across the vacuolar membrane affects the plasma membrane. Quantitative mathematical modelling is an essential tool in these circumstances, both to integrate the knowledge of each transport process and to understand the consequences of their manipulation in vivo. Here, we outline the OnGuard modelling environment and its use as a guide to predicting the emergent properties arising from the interactions between non-linear transport processes. We summarise some of the recent insights arising from OnGuard, demonstrate its utility in interpreting stomatal behaviour, and suggest ways in which the OnGuard environment may facilitate ‘reverse-engineering’ of stomata to improve water use efficiency and carbon assimilation.
Inhibitors in AKTion: ATP-competitive vs allosteric
Authors: Lazaro Glorianne , Kostaras Eleftherios , Vivanco Igor
Published: May 2020

Aberrant activation of the PI3K pathway is one of the commonest oncogenic events in human cancer. AKT is a key mediator of PI3K oncogenic function, and thus has been intensely pursued as a therapeutic target. Multiple AKT inhibitors, broadly classified as either ATP-competitive or allosteric, are currently in various stages of clinical development. Herein, we review the evidence for AKT dependence in human tumours and focus on its therapeutic targeting by the two drug classes. We highlight the future prospects for the development and implementation of more effective context-specific AKT inhibitors aided by our increasing knowledge of both its regulation and some previously unrecognised non-canonical functions.
Multi-messengers at ultra-high energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Souchard Julien
Published: May 2020

The Pierre Auger Observatory is an Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) detector which has studied cosmic particles with energies above and around 1018 eV for more than 15 years. It has proved to be the most competitive instrument at these energies and has produced a wealth of valuable results, improving our understanding of UHECRs. A complete understanding of these highest energy particles is crucial to understand the extreme astrophysical events in which they are produced and accelerated, as well as their propagation to Earth. In the same range of energies, UHE photons and neutrinos are of paramount importance as, being electrically neutral, they point back to their origin while charged particles are deflected in the galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields. The flux of extragalactic photons, neutrinos, and cosmic rays are believed to be highly linked, by their origin and their interactions. Each messenger provides different information about the potential sources, and having detection means for all four messengers, including gravitational waves, allows us to shed light on energetic sources of astroparticles. The Pierre Auger Observatory benefits from a large exposure and a good angular resolution, and is efficient in detecting UHE photons and neutrinos. These performances make possible follow-up searches for events detected by gravitational waves, such as the binary mergers observed by the LIGO/Virgo detectors, or any other energetic sources of particles.
Peptidylarginine désiminases du microbiote buccal et polyarthrite rhumatoïde
Authors: Desclos-Theveniau Marie , Bonnaure-Mallet Martine , Meuric Vincent
Published: May 2020

Ces dernières années, des études se sont focalisées sur l’existence d’une association entre la parodontite et la polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PR), suggérant l’implication du microbiote buccal dans le déclenchement de cette maladie auto-immune des articulations. D’un point de vue clinique, les deux pathologies reposent sur un processus inflammatoire qui conduit à une érosion osseuse. Elles font également intervenir une modification post-traductionnelle appelée citrullination. Dans le cas de la PR, la citrullination de certains sites protéiques par les peptidylarginine désiminases (PAD) aboutit à la production d’auto-anticorps. C’est la découverte d’une PAD exprimée par la bactérie Porphyromonas gingivalis qui a orienté de nombreuses études vers l’analyse d’une association entre ces deux pathologies.
A Clinical Method for Estimation of VO2max Using Seismocardiography
Authors: Sørensen Kasper , Poulsen Mathias Krogh , Karbing Dan Stieper , Søgaard Peter , Struijk Johannes Jan , Schmidt Samuel Emil
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the seismocardiogram and cardiorespiratory fitness. Cardiorespiratory fitness can be estimated as VO2max using non-exercise algorithms, but the results can be inaccurate. Healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Seismocardiogram and electrocardiogram were recorded at rest. VO2max was measured during a maximal effort cycle ergometer test. Amplitudes and timing intervals were extracted from the seismocardiogram and used in combination with demographic data in a non-exercise prediction model for VO2max. 26 subjects were included, 17 females. Mean age: 38.3±9.1 years. The amplitude following the aortic valve closure derived from the seismocardiogram had a significant correlation of 0.80 (p<0.001) to VO2max. This feature combined with age, sex and BMI in the prediction model, yields a correlation to VO2max of 0.90 (p<0.001, 95% CI: 0.83–0.94) and a standard error of the estimate of 3.21 mL·kg−1·min−1 . The seismocardiogram carries information about the cardiorespiratory fitness. When comparing to other non-exercise models the proposed model performs better, even after cross validation. The model is limited when tracking changes in VO2max. The method could be used in the clinic for a more accurate estimation of VO2max compared to current non-exercise methods.
Recommendations of the Thoracic Imaging Section of the German Radiological Society for clinical application of chest imaging and structured CT reporting in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Vogel-Claussen Jens , Ley-Zaporozhan Julia , Agarwal Prerana , Biederer Jürgen , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Ley Sebastian , Kühl Hilmar , Mueller-Lisse Ullrich G. , Persigehl Thorsten , Schlett Christopher L. , Wormanns Dag , Antoch Gerald , Hamer Okka W.
Published: May 2020

This information provided by the Thoracic Imaging Section of the German Radiological Society is intended to give physicians recommendations on the use of thoracic imaging procedures in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. It represents the consensus of the authors based on the previous scientific knowledge and is intended to provide guidance for unified, structured CT reporting if COVID-19 pneumonia is suspected. The recommendations presented correspond to state of knowledge at the time of print and will be updated according to the results of ongoing and future scientific studies.

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Triple renal arteries and retro aortic left renal vein -a case report
Authors: Parimala N. B.S. , Prabha Ch. Ratna , Rao M. Prabhakara
Published: May 2020

The renal arteries take origin from the lateral aspect of aorta little below the origin of superior mesenteric artery at the level of L2 vertebra. During routine dissection of an elderly female cadaver aged 60 years triple renal arteries & retro aortic left renal vein was found. The comprehensive knowledge of the renal arterial pattern which remains as the key issue in determining the technical feasibility of surgical interventions as well as the post operative management.
Redo Transanal Soave Pull Through with or without Assistance in Hirschsprung Disease: An Experience in 46 Patients
Authors: Peng Chunhui , Chen Yajun , Pang Wenbo , Zhang Tingchong , Wang Zengmeng , Wu Dongyang , Wang Kai
Published: May 2020

Introduction Transanal Soave pull through (PT) with or without assistance can be performed as a redo procedure for Hirschsprung disease (HD). In this study, we reviewed the indications and clinical outcomes of redo transanal Soave with or without assistance.

Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent redo transanal Soave with or without assistance in our hospital from 2004 to 2016, and did not have rectourethral fistula or rectovaginal fistula. The Krickenbeck classification system was used to evaluate postoperative bowel function. We analyzed the associated factors of the two main indications.

Results In this study, 46 patients were included, representing 5.6% of all HD PTs; 42 patients were initially operated elsewhere and 4 at our hospital. Primary PT surgeries included 38 transanal Soave, 2 Rehbein, 1 Martin, and 5 unknown procedures. The indications for redo PT were residual aganglionosis/transition zone PT (RA/TZPT) (27, 58.7%), anastomotic complication (14, 30.4%), and dilated distal segment (5, 10.9%). The median age of these 46 patients at primary and redo PT was 7.0 months (range, 0.4–137 months) and 45.5 months (range, 7–172 months), respectively. All 46 patients underwent redo transanal Soave PT; 43 patients (93.5%) underwent transanal Soave with laparotomy (n = 42) or laparoscopy (n = 1), and another 3 patients underwent transanal Soave PT. Six patients (13%) experienced complications within 30 days after redo surgery. A total of 43 patients were followed up, and the median follow-up period was 100 months (range, 35–180 months). Two patients could not hold back defecation in some inconvenient conditions. Sixteen patients (37.2%) had soiling, and 8 (18.6%) of 16 patients complained frequent soiling occurrence (more than 1/week). Only one patient complained of constipation (grade 1). Patients with anastomotic complication had more early postoperative complication and higher rate of soiling than patients with RA/TZPT, but there was no statistical difference (p = 0.672 and p = 0.105).

Conclusion Transanal Soave PT with or without assistance was effective in resolving different problems after initial PT, while soiling was the most common postoperative problem, especially patients with anastomotic complication.
A Rare Case of Heterotopic Ossification of the Patella Tendon in an Adolescent Presenting with Tendon Rupture
Authors: Supreeth Sam , Al-Barwani Aliya , Al Habsi Ismail , Al Ghanami Suwailim , Al Abri Zahra , Al-Adawi Khadija
Published: May 2020

Heterotopic ossification is the abnormal formation of mature, lamellar bone in nonosseous tissue such as tendons, ligaments, muscles, and soft tissue. We discuss a rare case of a young adolescent with patellar tendon rupture postheterotopic ossification. A 13-year-old male presented to us with knee pain and inability to extend for 6 weeks following trivial trauma. Preliminary radiological investigations revealed a high riding patella with ossification in the patella tendon. The magnetic resonance scan confirmed the same with patellar tendon disruption and heterogeneous ossification. He underwent surgery with patella tendon repair, augmentation with autograft, and had complete recovery at 6 months' follow-up.
Utility of Rapid Exome Sequencing in the Diagnosis of a Rare Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes in a Preterm Infant
Authors: Bhattacharjee Indrani , Friedman Neil , Rodriguez Ricardio J.
Published: May 2020

Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are rare and challenging diagnoses in preterm neonates. We presented in this case report a preterm infant with recurrent extubation failures. An exhaustive workup to rule out common etiologies of chronic ventilator dependence was negative including a neostigmine trial, acetylcholine receptor antibodies, and chromosomal microarray. Electromyography (EMG) showed features of a neuromuscular junction defect. After ruling out metabolic, inflammatory, and immune mediated causes, a rapid exome sequencing demonstrated CHRNB1 gene mutation diagnostic of autosomal dominant slow channel CMS. The patient was started on fluoxetine and nebulized salbutamol with a gradual improvement in her respiratory function over time with minimal ventilator support.
Poe, insanity, and containing the feminine monstrous
Authors: Hayes Tracy
Published: May 2020

In fiction, unlike his life, Poe was able to contain his women. He derived many features from the European Gothic tradition, and utilized motifs such as incarceration, premature burial, and the pathetic fallacy, or the use of external landscape to express or reflect psychological turmoil. Poe’s psychologically intense tales feature narrators whose mental fabric disintegrates before the reader’s eyes. This essay will concentrate upon three such tales: ‘Berenice’ (1835), ‘Ligeia’ (1838), and ‘The Fall of the House of Usher’ (1839). Each of these stories are narratives of obsession and monomania featuring female incarceration and objectification, and the threat of the feminine monstrous. Berenice, Ligiea and Madeline Usher each embody the feminine monstrous in varying ways, a masculine projection of womanhood unrestrained, unsuccessfully repressed by their male counterparts, and thus returning in an act of unheimliche consummation. Berenice symbolizes the vagina dentata whose threat must be removed through dental extraction; Ligeia is an incubus who perverts the Eucharist in order to achieve an act of monstrous metempsychosis; and Madeline acts as both monstrare and monere: as both the warning and the source of impending destruction. The perceived female abandonment and thus betrayal which had become a pattern of Poe’s life was through his fiction able to be halted and contained. The inextricable link between Eros and Thanatos undergirds these stories in which, in a mirror of Poe’s own life, each love object wastes away during the prime of her beauty. This essay discusses the context of male–female relations in Poe’s life and how they impact upon his fiction. Unlike reality, in his tales Poe was able to resurrect the objects of his obsessions, and thus the female figures comprising the monstrous loves of his male protagonists. However, this essay also questions the extent to which such resurrections and containment are successful within each narrative, and how far Poe’s delineations of the feminine monstrous and unheimlich sexuality can be read as interrogations of compromised masculinity.
Active dipolar spheroids in shear flow and transverse field: Population splitting, cross-stream migration, and orientational pinning
Authors: Shabanniya Mohammad Reza , Naji Ali
Published: May 2020

We study the steady-state behavior of active, dipolar, Brownian spheroids in a planar channel subjected to an imposed Couette flow and an external transverse field, applied in the “downward” normal-to-flow direction. The field-induced torque on active spheroids (swimmers) is taken to be of magnetic form by assuming that they have a permanent magnetic dipole moment, pointing along their self-propulsion (swim) direction. Using a continuum approach, we show that a host of behaviors emerges over the parameter space spanned by the particle aspect ratio, self-propulsion and shear/field strengths, and the channel width. The cross-stream migration of the model swimmers is shown to involve a regime of linear response (quantified by a linear-response factor) in weak fields. For prolate swimmers, the weak-field behavior crosses over to a regime of full swimmer migration to the bottom half of the channel in strong fields. For oblate swimmers, a counterintuitive regime of reverse migration arises in intermediate fields, where a macroscopic fraction of swimmers reorient and swim to the top channel half at an acute “upward” angle relative to the field axis. The diverse behaviors reported here are analyzed based on the shear-induced population splitting (bimodality) of the swim orientation, giving two distinct, oppositely polarized, swimmer subpopulations (albeit very differently for prolate/oblate swimmers) in each channel half. In strong fields, swimmers of both types exhibit net upstream currents relative to the laboratory frame. The onsets of full migration and net upstream current depend on the aspect ratio, enabling efficient particle separation strategies in microfluidic setups.
Spherical harmonic projections of the static structure factor of the dipolar hard sphere model: Theory vs simulations
Authors: Elizondo-Aguilera Luis F. , Cortés-Morales Ernesto C. , Zubieta-Rico Pablo F. , Medina-Noyola Magdaleno , Castañeda-Priego Ramón , Voigtmann Thomas , Pérez-Ángel Gabriel
Published: May 2020

We investigate the static correlations of a dipolar fluid in terms of the irreducible coefficients of the spherical harmonic expansion of the static structure factor. To this end, we develop a theoretical framework based on a soft-core version of Wertheim’s solution of the mean spherical approximation (MSA), which renders the analytical determination of such coefficients possible. The accuracy of this approximation is tested by a comparison against the results obtained with the assistance of extensive molecular dynamics simulations at different regimes of concentration and temperature. Crucial aspects for the comparison of the results provided by the two methods are carefully discussed, concerning the different reference frames used in theory and simulations to describe rotations and orientations, and leading to important differences in the behavior of correlation functions with the same combination of spherical harmonic indices. We find a remarkable agreement between the two approaches in the fluid regime, thus providing a first stringent comparison of the irreducible coefficients of the spherical harmonic expansion of the dipolar fluid’s static structure factor, provided by the MSA theory and molecular dynamics simulations.
The DIRAC code for relativistic molecular calculations
Authors: Saue Trond , Bast Radovan , Gomes André Severo Pereira , Jensen Hans Jørgen Aa. , Visscher Lucas , Aucar Ignacio Agustín , Di Remigio Roberto , Dyall Kenneth G. , Eliav Ephraim , Fasshauer Elke , Fleig Timo , Halbert Loïc , Hedegård Erik Donovan , Helmich-Paris Benjamin , Iliaš Miroslav , Jacob Christoph R. , Knecht Stefan , Laerdahl Jon K. , Vidal Marta L. , Nayak Malaya K. , Olejniczak Małgorzata , Olsen Jógvan Magnus Haugaard , Pernpointner Markus , Senjean Bruno , Shee Avijit , Sunaga Ayaki , van Stralen Joost N. P.
Published: May 2020

DIRAC is a freely distributed general-purpose program system for one-, two-, and four-component relativistic molecular calculations at the level of Hartree–Fock, Kohn–Sham (including range-separated theory), multiconfigurational self-consistent-field, multireference configuration interaction, electron propagator, and various flavors of coupled cluster theory. At the self-consistent-field level, a highly original scheme, based on quaternion algebra, is implemented for the treatment of both spatial and time reversal symmetry. DIRAC features a very general module for the calculation of molecular properties that to a large extent may be defined by the user and further analyzed through a powerful visualization module. It allows for the inclusion of environmental effects through three different classes of increasingly sophisticated embedding approaches: the implicit solvation polarizable continuum model, the explicit polarizable embedding model, and the frozen density embedding model.
Generalized Heisenberg algebra applied to realizations of the orthogonal, Lorentz, and Poincaré algebras and their dual extensions
Authors: Meljanac Stjepan , Martinić–Bilać Tea , Krešić–Jurić Saša
Published: May 2020

We introduce the generalized Heisenberg algebra Hn and construct realizations of the orthogonal and Lorentz algebras by a formal power series in a semicompletion of Hn. The obtained realizations are given in terms of the generating function for the Bernoulli numbers. We also introduce an extension of the orthogonal and Lorentz algebras by quantum angles and study realizations of the extended algebras in Hn. Furthermore, we show that by extending the generalized Heisenberg algebra Hn, one can also obtain realizations of the Poincaré algebra and its extension by quantum angles.
Liquid-mediated crystallization of amorphous GeSn under electron beam irradiation
Authors: Inenaga Kohei , Motomura Ryo , Ishimaru Manabu , Nakamura Ryusuke , Yasuda Hidehiro
Published: May 2020

Crystallization processes of amorphous germanium–tin (GeSn) under low-energy electron-beam irradiation were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Freestanding amorphous GeSn thin films were irradiated with a 100 keV electron beam at room temperature. The amorphous GeSn was athermally crystallized by electron-beam irradiation, when the electron flux exceeded the critical value. Heterogeneous structures consisting of nano- and micro-crystallites were formed after crystallization of amorphous GeSn with ∼24 at. % Sn in the as-sputtered amorphous state. In situ TEM observations of structural changes under electron-beam irradiation revealed that random nucleation and growth of nanocrystallites occur at the early stage of crystallization, followed by rapid formation of micro-grains surrounding the nanocrystals. It has been suggested that the growth of micro-grains progresses via supercooled liquid Sn at the amorphous/crystalline interface. The resultant GeSn grains with a size of a few micrometers contained ∼15 at. % Sn, much larger than the solubility limit of Sn in Ge (∼1 at. % Sn).
ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations of electrolyte–water systems at supercritical temperature
Authors: Dasgupta Nabankur , Shin Yun Kyung , Fedkin Mark V. , van Duin Adri
Published: May 2020

We have performed ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations of alkali metal–chlorine pairs in different water densities at supercritical temperature (700 K) to elucidate the structural and dynamical properties of the system. The radial distribution function and the angular distribution function explain the inter-ionic structural and orientational arrangements of atoms during the simulation. The coordination number of water molecules in the solvation shell of ions increases with an increase in the radius of ions. We find that the self-diffusion coefficient of metal ions increases with a decrease in density under supercritical conditions due to the formation of voids within the system. The hydrogen bond dynamics has been interpreted by the residence time distribution of various ions, which shows Li+ having the highest water retaining capability. The void distribution within the system has been analyzed by using the Voronoi polyhedra algorithm providing an estimation of void formation within the system at high temperatures. We observe the formation of salt clusters of Na+ and K+ at low densities due to the loss of dielectric constants of ions. The diffusion of ions gets altered dramatically due to the formation of voids and nucleation of ions in the system.
Asymmetric loss-induced perfect sound absorption in duct silencers
Authors: Lee Taehwa , Nomura Tsuyoshi , Dede Ercan M. , Iizuka Hideo
Published: May 2020

We investigate a duct silencer consisting of coupled resonators for perfect sound absorption. The device is composed of pairs of compact, ring-shaped Helmholtz resonators stacked along a duct. To study the effect of asymmetric intrinsic losses on the absorption performance, the resonators within each pair have the same dimensions (i.e., the identical resonance) but with different intrinsic losses. We find that the perfect absorption is realized by carefully choosing asymmetric intrinsic losses to the coupled resonators within each pair. The device with optimized losses exhibits exceptional point-like characteristics. This study provides not only a solution for practical duct systems but also allows thorough understanding of the role of asymmetric loss in degenerate resonators.
High-speed infrared two-dimensional platinum diselenide photodetectors
Authors: Wang Yi , Yu Zejie , Tong Yeyu , Sun Beilei , Zhang Zunyue , Xu Jian-Bin , Sun Xiankai , Tsang Hon Ki
Published: May 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) layered platinum diselenide (PtSe2) offers attractive optoelectronic properties including chemical stability in air, high electron mobility at room temperature, a non-zero thickness-dependent bandgap, and optical absorption that extends from visible to infrared wavelengths. We report the use of PtSe2 for high-speed photodetectors. In this work, we experimentally demonstrated that chemical-vapor-deposition-grown PtSe2 thin-film photodetectors can measure picosecond optical pulses. Finger-like electrodes are used to excite a plasmonic mode to enhance light absorption of the devices. The measured bandwidth of this device was ∼4.5 GHz. An improved bandwidth of about 17 GHz was achieved in an alternative electrode design which has smaller capacitance. The photodetector was stable, and maintained similar performance after several months' exposure to air. The PtSe2 is an attractive 2D material for high-speed optoelectronic devices and is a viable alternative to graphene and black phosphorus, potentially offering even better performance in certain applications because of its longer term stability and non-zero bandgap.
Past and future decline of tropical pelagic biodiversity
Authors: Yasuhara Moriaki , Wei Chih-Lin , Kucera Michal , Costello Mark J. , Tittensor Derek P. , Kiessling Wolfgang , Bonebrake Timothy C. , Tabor Clay R. , Feng Ran , Baselga Andrés , Kretschmer Kerstin , Kusumoto Buntarou , Kubota Yasuhiro
Published: May 2020

Significance

We discovered that the tropical oceanic diversity depression is not a recent phenomenon nor very deep time in origin by using a comprehensive global dataset of the calcified shells of planktonic foraminifers, abundant unicellular organisms in the world's oceans, which are exceptionally well preserved in marine sediments as fossils. The diversity decline in the lowest latitudes may have started due to rapid post–ice-age warming around 15,000 y ago. Warming may by the end of this century diminish tropical oceanic diversity to an unprecedented level in human history.
In vivo mapping of a GPCR interactome using knockin mice
Authors: Degrandmaison Jade , Abdallah Khaled , Blais Véronique , Génier Samuel , Lalumière Marie-Pier , Bergeron Francis , Cahill Catherine M. , Boulter Jim , Lavoie Christine L. , Parent Jean-Luc , Gendron Louis
Published: May 2020

Significance

G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the target of approximately 34% of the current medications. However, their in vivo assessment remains arduous, mainly due to their structural properties, their low abundance, and the lack of highly specific antibodies. Using proteomics and unique transgenic mouse models, we reveal an in vivo GPCR interactome. We applied this approach to the δ-opioid receptor (DOPr) and identified several interactors from brain tissues. Since this procedure can be transposed to any other receptors, our work provides leads for the discovery of molecular mechanisms regulating GPCR functions in vivo.
Gender imbalance in medical imaging datasets produces biased classifiers for computer-aided diagnosis
Authors: Larrazabal Agostina J. , Nieto Nicolás , Peterson Victoria , Milone Diego H. , Ferrante Enzo
Published: May 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems for computer-aided diagnosis and image-based screening are being adopted worldwide by medical institutions. In such a context, generating fair and unbiased classifiers becomes of paramount importance. The research community of medical image computing is making great efforts in developing more accurate algorithms to assist medical doctors in the difficult task of disease diagnosis. However, little attention is paid to the way databases are collected and how this may influence the performance of AI systems. Our study sheds light on the importance of gender balance in medical imaging datasets used to train AI systems for computer-assisted diagnosis. We provide empirical evidence supported by a large-scale study, based on three deep neural network architectures and two well-known publicly available X-ray image datasets used to diagnose various thoracic diseases under different gender imbalance conditions. We found a consistent decrease in performance for underrepresented genders when a minimum balance is not fulfilled. This raises the alarm for national agencies in charge of regulating and approving computer-assisted diagnosis systems, which should include explicit gender balance and diversity recommendations. We also establish an open problem for the academic medical image computing community which needs to be addressed by novel algorithms endowed with robustness to gender imbalance.
Membrane-tethered mucin-like polypeptides sterically inhibit binding and slow fusion kinetics of influenza A virus
Authors: Delaveris Corleone S. , Webster Elizabeth R. , Banik Steven M. , Boxer Steven G. , Bertozzi Carolyn R.
Published: May 2020

Significance

Influenza A viruses cause tens of millions of cases of seasonal flu each year. Before a virus infects a host cell, it must first pass through a dense forest of sugar-bearing proteins called mucins. The basic mechanisms of how the virus navigates and chops down this forest of mucins remain up for debate, and many flu drugs target the interactions of the virus with mucin-like proteins. In this work, we make synthetic versions of mucins to create an artificial forest that can be tuned and modified at a molecular level to study how mucins impact influenza A virus binding and fusion.
Prosocial polio vaccination in Israel
Authors: Wells Chad R. , Huppert Amit , Fitzpatrick Meagan C. , Pandey Abhishek , Velan Baruch , Singer Burton H. , Bauch Chris T. , Galvani Alison P.
Published: May 2020

Regions with insufficient vaccination have hindered worldwide poliomyelitis eradication, as they are vulnerable to sporadic outbreaks through reintroduction of the disease. Despite Israel’s having been declared polio-free in 1988, a routine sewage surveillance program detected polio in 2013. To curtail transmission, the Israel Ministry of Health launched a vaccine campaign to vaccinate children—who had only received the inactivated polio vaccine—with the oral polio vaccine (OPV). Determining the degree of prosocial motivation in vaccination behavior is challenging because vaccination typically provides direct benefits to the individual as well as indirect benefits to the community by curtailing transmission. However, the Israel OPV campaign provides a unique and excellent opportunity to quantify and model prosocial vaccination as its primary objective was to avert transmission. Using primary survey data and a game-theoretical model, we examine and quantify prosocial behavior during the OPV campaign. We found that the observed vaccination behavior in the Israeli OPV campaign is attributable to prosocial behavior and heterogeneous perceived risk of paralysis based on the individual’s comprehension of the prosocial nature of the campaign. We also found that the benefit of increasing comprehension of the prosocial nature of the campaign would be limited if even 24% of the population acts primarily from self-interest, as greater vaccination coverage provides no personal utility to them. Our results suggest that to improve coverage, communication efforts should also focus on alleviating perceived fears surrounding the vaccine.
The impact of story grammar instruction and text difficulty on students’ skill in summarizing narratives
Authors: Hellmann Esther , Ehri Linnea C.
Published: May 2020

Previous research on teaching summarizing skill has focused on summarizing strategies that are appropriate for expository
texts rather than narrative text. Findings of these studies showed an advantage for older over younger students but did not control for text
difficulty, so age effects may have been confounded by text difficulty. The present study tested an intervention designed to improve
summarizing of narrative texts, taking into account the factor of text difficulty. Thirty fourth-grade participants (mean
age = 9.7 years) were pretested for reading and summarizing skill. Participants receiving the summarizing treatment
(N = 15) were taught to write summaries of narrative texts based on story grammar components. Participants receiving the
writing control treatment (N = 15) were taught to write about connections between their lives and the text. Results showed
that the story grammar intervention improved the quality of narrative summaries and that better summaries came from easier text than harder
text. The present study reveals a shortcoming of previous summarizing studies that attributed superior performance to age without
considering text difficulty. Findings show the effectiveness of teaching fourth graders to apply story grammar components to improve their
skill in summarizing narrative text.
Comprehension and metacomprehension of negated text
Authors: Margolin Sara J. , Brackins Timothy
Published: May 2020

Previous research has demonstrated that negated text is a particularly difficult text construction, and often leads to readers having difficulty understanding and remembering what they have read. To date, attempts at identifying a strategy that would aid in readers’ comprehension of negation have not been successful. However, in studies focused on affirmative text, readers practicing retrieving information from a text showed improvements in comprehension and more accurate metacomprehension judgments. The present study aimed to determine whether this strategy also benefits readers of passages in which a critical concept has been negated. Interestingly, results demonstrated that while readers judged their comprehension to be better when practicing retrieval, their comprehension was not actually better. These results suggest that simply practicing retrieval information is not necessarily enough to enhance comprehension or metacomprehension of this text construction.