bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production and quality of mango fruits cv. Tommy atkins fertigated with potassium in semi-arid region
Authors: Carneiro Marcio Alves , Lima Augusto Miguel Nascimento , Cavalcante Ítalo Herbert Lucena , Sousa Karla dos Santos Melo de , Oldoni Fernanda Campos Alencar , Barbosa Karine da Silva
Published: October 2018

Abstract Correct management of potassium (K) fertilization is of fundamental importance for mango orchards, and K is one of the most exported and yield-limiting nutrients. Thus, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the production and physical-chemical characteristics of Tommy Atkins mango fruits under fertigation with different doses of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate in the semi-arid region. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plots, using five K doses (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the recommended dose) in the plots and two sources of K (potassium chloride – KCl and potassium sulfate – K2SO4) in the subplots, with four replicates. The following characteristics were evaluated: transverse and longitudinal diameters, skin thickness, fruit weight, production per plant, pulp percentage, hydrogen potential (pH), soluble solid (SS), ascorbic acid (VIT C), titratable acidity (TA) and SS/TA ratio. The doses and sources of K applied through fertigation caused significant effect on fruit physical-chemical characteristics and production per plant in Tommy Atkins mango, particularly at the dose of 349 g plant-1 of K2SO4, which led to higher production per plant and guaranteed the minimum quality required for fruit physical-chemical characteristics.
Performance of ‘Maxi Gala’ apple trees as affected by budbreak promoters, in São Joaquim-SC
Authors: Pasa Mateus da Silveira , Felippeto João , Nava Gilberto , Souza André Luiz Kulkamp de , Brighenti Alberto Fontanella , Petri José Luiz
Published: October 2018

Abstract The application of rest breaking agents to compensate the lack of chilling is a common practice in apple orchards in Southern Brazil. However, its necessity in areas of greater chilling accumulation has been questioned over the years. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of ‘Maxi Gala’ apple in response to different budbreak promoters in São Joaquim, SC. The study was performed in the growing seasons of 2013/2014, 2014/2015, and 2015/2016. Plant material consisted of 10-year-old ‘Maxi Gala’ apple trees grafted on the rootstock ‘M.9’, arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replicates in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons and six replicates in the 2015/2016 season. Treatments consisted of Erger®, combined with either calcium nitrate or mineral oil, at different rates; and hydrogen cyanamide combined with mineral oil. Treatments were applied when buds were between the stages A (dormant bud) and B (swollen bud; silver tip). The influence of treatments on flowering, budbreak, yield components, and fruit quality was assessed. Flowering was little affected by treatments, while axillary budbreak was consistently improved in the year of insufficient chilling accumulation. Besides, the combination Erger® (2% and 3%) + calcium nitrate (2% and 3%) and Erger® (1%) + mineral oil (3%) induced similar axillary budbreak as hydrogen cyanamide + mineral oil. Fruit quality attributes were not affected by treatments.
Nitrate and potassium movement in a sandy loam soil cultivated with fertigated grapevine (Vitis vinifera /L.) in the Brazilian semiarid
Authors: Silva Alexsandro Oliveira da , Bassoi Luis Henrique , Silva Davi José
Published: October 2018

Abstract Fertigation can increase the efficiency of fertilizer application and facilitate the nutritional management of a crop. Thus, nitrate and potassium movements in a sandy loam soil were evaluated as function of fertilizer doses during three growing seasons of the grapevine cv. Syrah grafted on Paulsen 1103 rootstock (June to October 2013, February to June 2014, and August to November 2014) in Petrolina, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Five doses of N (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) and five doses of K2O (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) were combined in a fractional 52 factorial design, totaling 13 combinations, in a randomized blocks experiment with four replications. The concentrations of nitrate and potassium in the soil solution were determined. Samples were collected by porous cup extractors installed at 0.4 and 0.6 m depths. The movement of these ions was obtained by the product between their concentration in the soil solution and the soil water flux density. The increase in nitrogen fertilization promoted a greater movement of NO3- (62.2 kg ha-1) in the soil. The movement of K+ was also observed in two growing seasons .
Cambuci: a native fruit from the Brazilian Atlantic forest showed nutraceutical characteristics
Authors: Tokairin Tatiane de Oliveira , Silva Aline Priscilla Gomes da , Spricigo Poliana Cristina , Alencar Severino Matias de , Jacomino Angelo Pedro
Published: October 2018

Abstract The Atlantic Forest is recognized as a biome rich in biodiversity. Cambuci trees (Campomanesia phaea) produce fruits that may be consumed as both fresh and processed forms but are still underutilized. The aim of this study was to describe the physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds in cambuci fruits from Brazilian Atlantic Forest, located at Natividade da Serra-SP, Brazil. Cambuci fruits of the fifty-nine accessions were characterized according to fresh weight, pulp yield, peel percentage, longitudinal and transversal diameters (LD and TD, respectively), pH, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), SSC/TA ratio, ascorbic acid, total phenolic compounds content, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay. The soluble solids contents varied from 5.10 °Brix to 11.00 °Brix. The titratable acidity varied from 1.29 to 2.90 g citric acid 100 g-1. Ascorbic acid content was of 31.12 to 139.38 mg 100 g-1. Total phenolic compounds varied from 330.5 mg GAE 100 g-1 to 3,526.04 mg GAE 100 g-1. The antioxidant activity was of 65.03 µmol Trolox g-1 fruit pulp (fresh weight) to 199.78 µmol Trolox g-1 fruit pulp (fresh weight), a factor of 6.7 difference between the extremes. These results showed cambuci fruits presented as rich source of ascorbic acid, total phenolic compounds, and with high antioxidant capacity.
Bocaiuva jelly: preparation, physicochemical and sensory evaluation
Authors: Silva Vanessa Mandu da , Campos Raquel Pires , Borsato Aurélio Vinícius , Candido Camila Jordão , Donadon Juliana Rodrigues
Published: October 2018

Abstract Bocaiuva cultivation, mainly in Mato Grosso do Sul, has a strong socio-economic and environmental appeal. Bocaiuva pulp is rich in nutrients and has antioxidant action, and its use in the formulation of jellies minimizes post-harvest losses and provides market with a product with high nutritional value throughout the year. The aim of this work was to elaborate and chemically and sensorially evaluate jellies produced with bocaiuva pulp (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd ex Mart) of two morphotypes, orange and yellowish pulp, characterizing fresh pulps and jellies regarding physical and chemical parameters. Diluted pulp and sugar (1: 1), pectin and citric acid were used in jelly processing. Fresh pulp and jelly made with yellowish pulp showed higher contents of total phenols and antioxidant capacity. Jellies did not differ in nutritional constituents, except for fixed mineral residue, in which the yellowish pulp had higher value. Jelly with orange pulp had acceptability index over 80% in the analyzed attributes (global aspect, flavor and consistency) and in the purchase intention, statistically superior to jelly made with yellowish pulp. Different native fruit morphotypes can give rise to differentiated and valued processed products.
Productivity and chemical quality of grapevines cultivated in agroecological system under subtropical climate
Authors: Mariani Josiane Aparecida , Nava Gilmar Antônio
Published: October 2018

Abstract The productive potential of grapevine cultivars recently released in the market, especially for preparation of 100% grape juices, must be proved on the different Brazilian soil and climatic conditions of production, focusing on the Southwest of Paraná. The objective of this study was to evaluate the main yield components and chemical attributes of the juice of the following grapevine cultivars: Bordô, BRS Carmem, BRS Lorena, BRS Magna, BRS Rubea, BRS Violeta, Concord, Concord Clone 30, Isabel, Isabel Precoce, Moscato Bailey, Moscato Embrapa, Niagara Branca, Niagara Rosada and Seibel 5455. Paulsen 1103 was the rootstock used. The study was conducted during two harvests, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017, in Dois Vizinhos, Paraná State, Brazil. Due to the crop, we determined the number of bunches per plant, fresh biomass of bunches (g) and the estimates of productivity (kg/plant and ton/ha). We extracted the juice of cultivars to evaluate soluble solids (SS) contents, pH and titratable acidity (TA), as well as the ratio. The cultivars BRS Violeta, Isabel Precoce and Seibel 5455 were the most productive. The cultivars BRS Rúbea, BRS Violeta, Isabel, Moscato Embrapa, Moscato Bailey, Niagara Branca and Niagara Rosada have desirable soluble solids contents, pH and titratable acidity for preparation of 100% grape juices of quality in Dois Vizinhos and microregion. The best year-harvest of cultivation was 2016/2017.
Cognitive map to support the diagnosis of solitary bone tumors in pediatric patients
Authors: Moreira Felipe Costa , Aihara André Yui , Lederman Henrique Manoel , Pisa Ivan Torres , Tenório Josceli Maria
Published: October 2018

Abstract Objective: To present a cognitive map to support the radiological diagnosis of solitary bone tumors, as well as to facilitate the determination of the nature of the tumor (benign or malignant), in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: We selected 28 primary lesions in pediatric patients, and we identified the findings typically associated with each of the diagnoses. The method used for the construction of the final cognitive map was the Bayesian belief network model with backward chaining. Results: We developed a logical, sequential structure, in the form of a cognitive map, based on the Bayesian belief network model, with the intention of simulating the sequence of human thinking, in order to minimize the number of unnecessary interventions and iatrogenic complications arising from the incorrect evaluation of bone lesions. Conclusion: With this map, it will be possible to develop an application that will provide support to physicians and residents, as well as contributing to training in this area and consequently to a reduction in diagnostic errors in patients with bone lesions.
Modelos animais na síndrome metabólica.
Authors: Fuchs Taíse , Loureiro Marcelo de Paula , Macedo Lano Emerson , Nocca David , Nedelcu Marius , Costa-Casagrande Thaís Andrade
Published: October 2018

RESUMO O conhecimento sobre modelos animais para estudo metabólico representa a base da pesquisa nessa área. Este trabalho tem por objetivo revisar os principais modelos animais a serem utilizados no estudo da obesidade e da síndrome metabólica. Para isso, pesquisa no banco de dados Pubmed foi realizada usando as palavras-chave “animal models”, “obesity”, "metabolic syndrome”, e “bariatric surgery”. Várias espécies de animais podem ser usadas para o estudo de distúrbios metabólicos, no entanto, os roedores, tanto modelos monogênicos quanto modelos de obesidade induzida por dieta (DIO), são os animais mais utilizados nessa área. Animais monogênicos são a melhor escolha se apenas um aspecto estiver sendo avaliado. Animais DIO tendem a demonstrar melhor a interação entre doença, ambiente e gene. No entanto, eles ainda não são totalmente eficazes para a compreensão de todos os mecanismos dessa doença.
O Voto em Bloco Individual no Brasil: Notas de Pesquisa sobre a Eleição Senatorial de Duas Vagas
Authors: Lacerda Alan Daniel Freire de
Published: October 2018

Resumo: O artigo toma como foco de análise a eleição de senador de duas vagas, definindo seu lugar dentro da família dos sistemas eleitorais majoritários como um tipo de voto em bloco. Eu investigo peças da legislação eleitoral num esforço de descrever a história de sua aplicação no País e faço uma primeira análise dos resultados eleitorais agregados das disputas de 1994, 2002 e 2010. O texto chega à conclusão de que fenômenos como o voto casado e o voto ordinal subjetivo, tipicamente presentes na dinâmica dos dois votos desses pleitos, justificam tratá-los como tendo efeitos estratégicos inteiramente distintos da maioria simples em distritos uninominais.
Exploring mid-level bureaucracy: a tentative typology
Authors: Cavalcante Pedro L. C. , Lotta Gabriela S. , Yamada Erika M. K.
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The paper’s main goal is to present an original typology of bureaucrats, situated in intermediate layer of the civil service structure. This specific set of players, the mid-level bureaucrat (MLB), is seen as a strategic group, primarily, because of its connection role and position between the top officials and the policy executors. Despite their relevance and well-known heterogeneity, few studies have explored this diversity and the effects in the policymaking. In order to fulfill this gap and deepen the understanding of the MLBs, this article proposes a typology that includes crucial dimensions, such as profile, background and performance, and, thus, empirically confirms the heterogeneity assumption in the Brazilian federal civil service.
Em busca da Inferência Válida: métodos e testes de hipóteses nos estudos legislativos brasileiros
Authors: Paula Julio Cesar Guimarães de
Published: October 2018

Resumo: A Ciência Política contemporânea teve um ponto de inflexão na construção do conhecimento sobre as realidades políticas e sociais com a publicação da obra Designing social inquiry: scientific inference in qualitative research, de King, Keohane e Verba (1994). Os autores empreendem maior sistematicidade aos desenhos de pesquisa nas diversas áreas das Ciências Sociais. E apontam a construção de inferências válidas como o objetivo principal da pesquisa científica. As discussões em torno de Designing Social Inquiry e o foco na construção de inferências válidas orientou a criação de um amplo portfólio metodológico à disposição dos cientistas políticos. Esse leque multifacetado de possibilidades inferenciais levou Rezende (2016) a cunhar o termo Pluralismo Inferencial “em que coexistem múltiplas lógicas de causação para a produção de inferências válidas” (REZENDE, 2016). Com o objetivo investigar as técnicas e os testes de hipótese mobilizados pelos pesquisadores de nossas instituições legislativas, o presente trabalho utilizou o Modelo de Engrenagens Analíticas (MEA) (REZENDE, 2015) para consubstanciar o diagnóstico. Os achados apontam que há espaço para incremento metodológico da área dos estudos legislativos no Brasil, especialmente no que se refere: à integração entre as metodologias quantitativas e qualitativas, as estratégias de identificação e discussões mais aprofundadas sobre o viés de seleção.
Morphology of endothelial cells from different regions of the cornea of dogs
Authors: Hünning Paula Stieven , Andrade Maria Cristina Caldart de , Carissimi André , Pigatto João
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology of endothelial cells from different areas of the cornea of dogs. Twenty healthy eyes from 10 dogs, females or males, of different ages were studied. Corneal endothelium morphology of superior, inferior, central, nasal and temporal areas was assessed by 0.2% alizarin red staining using an optic microscope. One hundred endothelial cells from each corneal area were analyzed. In all areas of the cornea studied were found endothelial cells with four sides, five sides, six sides and seven sides. There was no significant difference regarding endothelial cell morphology in all corneal regions evaluated. Thus, the morphology of the central cornea area represents the entire endothelial mosaic and may be applied to peripheral areas. Therefore, analysis of the central area is sufficient to estimate the shape of endothelial cells of peripheral areas of healthy dog corneas.
Proposição do modelo PLM-PV3G para a gestão do ciclo de vida de produtos
Authors: Oliveira Paulo Sergio Gonçalves de , Helleno André Luis , Silva Dirceu da , Lopes Meire dos Santos , Campos Fernando Celso de , Picchiai Djair
Published: October 2018

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é propor um modelo de gestão de ciclo de vida de produtos no setor metal-mecânico. Essa proposição visa facilitar a adoção de boas práticas no setor, por meio da redução da complexidade e melhoria da assertividade das ações. Para atingir esse objetivo, foi realizado um levantamento com especialistas do setor, com o qual se obteve um total de 397 questionários. O modelo tem como foco principal o projeto de produtos verdes para apoiar a gestão da colaboração, da manufatura e do conhecimento durante a gestão do ciclo de vida de produtos, facilitando, dessa forma, a adoção de tal metodologia. O modelo foi desenvolvido utilizando-se a análise PLS (Partial Least Squares ).
Zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility for the recovery of a saline soil with organic amendments
Authors: Méndez Judith Prieto , García Francisco Prieto , González Nallely Trejo , Santillán Yolanda Marmolejo , Sandoval Otilio Arturo Acevedo
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The accumulation of salts in the soil profile produces conditions that affect the growth of crops. The effects of these conditions on crops and the intensity of these effects depend on the quantity and type of salts that predominate and are also influenced by soil characteristics and climate, among other aspects. The salinization of agricultural soils is a serious problem facing agriculture today. The use of organic amendments has increased in recent years, acting on the texture of the soil, correcting compaction or granularity problems, and influencing chemical and/or biological reactions. The objectives of this work were to analyze the use of compost and vermicompost using different analysis techniques to determine the influence of conditions on the remediation of a saline soil. In saturation extracts of soil, compost, and vermicompost, a Zeta potential value 2.34-2.44 times more negative (more-stable colloids) than that in the soil colloids was observed in the amendments. The values of electrophoretic mobility were more negative in the organic amendments compared with the soil. This is the first time that these parameters have been reported for these purposes and for a saline soil. In this study, the soil has low organic matter content (1.65%), so these amendments are expected to improve soil quality and texture, achieving the recovery of saline soils.
Optimization of phenolic compounds extraction and a study of the edaphic effect on the physicochemical composition of freeze-dried jaboticaba peel
Authors: Pereira Luciane Dias , Ascheri Diego Palmiro Ramirez , Bastos Suely Miranda Cavalcante , Ascheri José Luis Ramírez , Santos Suzana da Costa
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Jaboticaba is a fruit with high nutritional potential with beneficial effects for health. The aims of this work were the optimization of the extraction of phenolic compounds (PhC) from freeze-dried jaboticaba peel (FJP) as a function of the stirring time (ST) and solvent volume (SV) and to study the edaphic effect on the physical-chemical composition of FJP from five orchards. In the first stage, a 2-factor, 2-level central composite designs combined with the Response Surface Methodology and desirability function was used. In the second stage, a one-way analysis of variance was used to investigate the edaphic effect on the responses. Total phenols (Tph), tannins (Ta), total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA), color index (CI) and tone responses (Ton) were analyzed. A second-order polynomial model was used for predicting of the first stage dates. The data from the second experiment were evaluated using analysis of variance, Tukey’s test, and t-test. The optimal conditions for the PhC were 64 mL and 75 min. Under the optimum conditions, the corresponding predicted response values for PhC were 33.5, 7.91, and 5.57 mg g-1 and 0.893 u.a. and 0.833 for Tph, Ta, TMA, CI, and Ton, respectively. According to the type of soil, different PhC values were found in FJP extracts. In nutrient-poor soils, highest levels of PhC, high CI and low tone were found.
Agro-economic responsiveness of radish associations with cowpea in the presence of different amounts of Calotropis procera, spatial arrangements and agricultural crops
Authors: Nunes Renato Leandro Costa , Bezerra Neto Francisco , Lima Jailma Suerda Silva de , Barros Júnior Aurélio Paes , Chaves Aridênia Peixoto , Silva Josimar Nogueora da
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The integration of research emphasizing sustainable development, employment, income generation and food security has been highlighted in the media. The objective of this research was to evaluate the agro-economic responsiveness of radish associations with cowpea in the presence of different amounts of roostertree, spatial arrangements and agricultural crops. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications, with treatments arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, where the first factor consisted of four amounts of C. procera incorporated in the soil (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on a dry basis) and the second factor of three spatial arrangements (2:2, 3:3, and 4:4) in two cropping seasons. Radish samples were evaluated for plant height, dry mass of shoots, total and commercial productivity of roots, productivity of scrap roots, and dry mass of roots, while in cowpea, vegetation was assessed for length of green pods, number of pods per square meter, productivity and dry mass of green pods, number of green grains per pod, weight of 100 green grains, and yield and dry mass of green grains. The economic indicators of monetary advantage and modified monetary advantage were used in the evaluation of efficiency. A greater agro-economic responsiveness of the intercropping of radish and cowpea crops was obtained with the incorporation of 56.44 t ha-1 of C. procera. The spatial arrangements of 3:3 and 4:4 had better agronomic and economic responsiveness. The association between radish and cowpea is feasible when the crops are fertilized with C. procera.
In vitro propagation of Campomanesia rufa: An endangered fruit species
Authors: Sant’Ana Cecília Ramos de Oliveira , Paiva Renato , Reis Michele Valquíria dos , Silva Diogo Pedrosa Corrêa da , Silva Luciano Coutinho
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The Campomanesia rufa is a fruitful species native from Brazil considered as endangered by the IUC (International Union for Conservation of Nature) and low information regarding its propagation is available. In this context, the aim of the present study was to develop in vitro germination, micropropagation and callogenesis protocols for the species. For in vitro germination, seeds were inoculated in MS medium supplemented with GA3 (gibberellic acid) and for shoot induction, the medium was supplemented with three different cytokinins BA (benzyladenine), BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) or TDZ (Thidiazuron). For shoot growth, culture medium containing BA, BAP, TDZ were maintained under white fluorescent lamps and blue:red light-emitting diodes (LED). GA3 was also tested on in vitro shoot elongation. For oxidation control, the medium was supplemented with PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and for callus induction, 2.4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The results showed 68% germination regardless of GA3 concentration. In the propagation stage, BAP at 4.5 µM induced a higher number of shoots (4.53) and LED lamps as the light source combined with the culture medium with 1 μM BAP induced a higher number of shoots (4.08). The highest average of C. rufa length (31.9 mm) was obtained using 8.8 µM GA3. The use of PVP (584.3 uM) controls up to 27.3% oxidation in young leaf explants. The use of 10 µM 2.4-D leads to a higher callus formation (58.7 %). Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of BAP is efficient in the induction of shoots, PVP controls oxidation leaf segments, and 2.4-D induces callus in C. rufa.
Toxicity of Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil and citral for Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Oliveira Ellison Rosario de , Alves Dejane Santos , Carvalho Geraldo Andrade , Oliveira Bárbara Maria Ribeiro Guimarães de , Aazza Smail , Bertolucci Suzan Kelly Vilela
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous insect responsible for damage to several crops. Synthetic chemical insecticides and genetically modified plants are the most commonly used methods for FAW control. However, the selection of resistant populations has been reported in several studies, justifying the search for new molecules to be used in the control of S. frugiperda. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil (LEO) and its major component (citral) in relation to FAW. Additionally, the anticholinesterase activity of LEO and citral was evaluated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Electrophorus electricus. The LEO was toxic to FAW when added to an artificial diet (LC50 = 1.35 mg mL-1) at the highest concentrations tested, and the median lethal time (LT50) was 18.85 h. Major components of LEO were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and citral, the most abundant component, was used in FAW bioassays. The insecticidal activity of citral was statistically similar to that of LEO, demonstrating that citral was responsible for the insecticidal activity of LEO. Inhibition of AChE was measured, and the mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for LEO and citral were 650- and 405-fold higher, respectively, than that verified for the positive control (methomyl insecticide), suggesting selectivity for non-target organisms. Based on these results, citral and C. flexuosus have the potential to be applied in the development of new products for the control of S. frugiperda.
Chilling requirements and dormancy evolution in grapevine buds
Authors: Anzanello Rafael , Fialho Flávio Bello , Santos Henrique Pessoa dos
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Fluctuations in winter chilling availability impact bud dormancy and budburst. The objective of this work was to determine chilling requirements to induce and overcome endodormancy (dormancy controlled by chilling) of buds in different grape cultivars. ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ shoots were collected in Veranópolis-RS vineyards in 2010, and submitted to a constant 3 °C temperature or daily cycles of 3/15 °C for 12/12h or 18/6h, until reaching 1120 chilling hours (CH, sum of hours with temperature ≤ 7.2 °C). Periodically, part of the samples in each treatment was transferred to 25 °C for budburst evaluation (green tip). Chilling requirements to induce and overcome endodormancy vary among cultivars, reaching a total of 136 CH for ‘Chardonnay’, 298 CH for ‘Merlot’ and 392 CH for ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. Of these, approximately 39, 53 and 91 CH are required for induction of endodormancy in the three cultivars, respectively. The thermal regimes tested (constant or alternating) do not influence the response pattern of each cultivar to cold, with 15 °C being inert in the CH accumulation process. In addition, time required to start budburst reduces with the increase in CH, at a rate of one day per 62 CH, without significant impacts on budburst uniformity.
Managing glyphosate-resistant weeds with cover crop associated with herbicide rotation and mixture
Authors: Marochi Aroldo , Ferreira Antonio , Takano Hudson Kagueyama , Oliveira Junior Rubem Silvério , Ovejero Ramiro Fernando Lopez
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Herbicide resistance has become a major concern for agricultural systems, and integrating weed management practices seem to be the most promise way for its mitigation. The effects of cropping systems including ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis) associated with herbicide rotation programs were evaluated for the management of glyphosate resistant conyza (Conyza sumatrensis) and sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) in soybean and corn production systems. A 3x3 factorial was evaluated in four consecutive soybean (spring-summer) and corn (fall-winter) double cropping seasons. Factor A consisted of three combinations of cropping systems in the fall-winter: corn, corn plus ruzigrass, and ruzigrass alone. Factor B was based on increasing levels of diversity in herbicide mode of action over the four-year period (5, 8, and 11 MoAs). The results indicate that using ruzigrass significantly increased soil coverage by cover crop residues. In general, the cover crop was more efficient for conyza than for sourgrass control, whereas herbicide programs provided greater control on sourgrass than on conyza. Besides the weed suppression effect, the accumulation of ruzigrass biomass on the soil surface during the fall-winter also improved yield of soybean in the spring-summer. The integration of ruzigrass as a cover crop and the use of herbicide programs with multiple modes of action can provide efficient control of glyphosate-resistant conyza and sourgrass. The use of only one of these strategies was not effective in most cases, especially for the long term.
Educational Workshop using games improves self-monitoring of blood glucose among children
Authors: Kaneto Léia Alves , Damião Elaine Buchhorn Cintra , Verissimo Maria de La Ó Ramallo , Rossato Lisabelle Mariano , Toriyama Aurea Tamami Minagawa , Szylit Regina
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational workshop using games to improve self-monitoring of blood glucose techniques for school children with type 1 diabetes. Method: a quasi-experimental study was conducted with school children who attended two outpatient clinics of a university hospital. Data were collected by systematic observation of the self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) technique before and after the intervention. Data analysis consisted of verifying changes while performing the technique, using pre- and post-intervention compliance rates using statistical tests. The sample consisted of 33 children. Each child participated in one session; 17 educational workshops were conducted in total. Results: we found an increased frequency of SMBG, changing lancets, rotation of puncture sites, as well as calibration and periodic checking of date and time of the glucose meter. Comparisons pre- and post-intervention showed that the average number of steps in accordance with the SMBG technique increased from 5.30 to 6.58, whereas the steps “Changing the lancet of the lancing device”, “Pressing the puncture site” and “Disposing of materials used in a needlestick container” showed statistically significant differences. Conclusion: the educational workshop was effective, as it improved children’s performance of the SBMG technique.
Prevalence of arterial hypertension and risk factors among people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Cunha Gilmara Holanda da , Lima Maria Amanda Correia , Galvão Marli Teresinha Gimeniz , Fechine Francisco Vagnaldo , Fontenele Marina Soares Monteiro , Siqueira Larissa Rodrigues
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Objectives: to verify the prevalence of arterial hypertension and its risk factors among people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome under antiretroviral therapy. Method: cross-sectional study with 208 patients. Data collection was conducted through interviews using a form containing data on sociodemographic, clinical and epidemiological aspects, hypertension risk factors, blood pressure, weight, height, body mass index and abdominal circumference. Mean, standard deviation, odds ratio and confidence interval were calculated, t-test and Chi-square test were used, considering P < 0.05 as statistically significant. Hypertension associated variables were selected for logistic regression. Results: patients were male (70.7%), self-reported as mixed-race (68.2%), had schooling between 9 and 12 years of study (46.6%), had no children (47.6%), were single (44.2%), in the sexual exposure category (72.1%) and heterosexual (60.6%). The prevalence of people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and arterial hypertension was 17.3%. Logistic regression confirmed the influence of age greater than 45 years, family history of hypertension, being overweight and antiretroviral therapy for more than 36 months for hypertension to occur. Conclusion: the prevalence of hypertension was 17.3%. Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and hypertension were older than 45 years, had family history of hypertension, were overweight and under antiretroviral therapy for more than 36 months.
Aquatic macrophytes and trophic interactions: a scientometric analyses and research perspectives
Authors: Rocha C. M. C. , Lima D. , Cunha M. C. C. , Almeida J. S.
Published: October 2018

Abstract Aquatic macrophytes have a recognized role in ecosystem structuring and an important position in trophic cascades interactions, whose understanding is to improve water quality. In recent years, the number of studies on the role of aquatic macrophytes in trophic webs and interactions has increased, but South America has made little progress in research in the area. In this study, we investigated the main gaps and perspectives for future studies on macrophytes and trophic interactions, analyzing global publications, especially those conducted by South American researchers. We accessed publications using an international database (Thomson Reuters ISI-Web of Knowledge-(formerly Institute for Scientific Information)) from 1980 to 2015. We ranked each article by ecosystem and study approach, biological organization and interacting taxonomic groups (phytoplankton, periphyton, zooplankton, aquatic invertebrates, fish and birds), countries publishing in cooperation and affiliations. The results showed that published studies (n = 242) emphasizing aquatic plants in trophic interactions increased in 35 years. Comparing the contributions of the 32 countries investigated, those from South America as first affiliation, had few publications (n = 26) and in cooperation (n = 7). The largest volume of articles indexed by the researchers dealt with the dynamics and structure of aquatic assemblages, webs and trophic interactions. Ecosystems such reservoirs and wetlands have received little attention. Large numbers of studies have encompassed community-wide aquatic approaches, including in South American studies, the interactions between macrophytes, zooplankton and phytoplankton were the second most studied interactions of all indexed articles. Knowledge about trophic cascade and interactions has been successfully enhanced in several countries with the purpose of restructuring communities and restore water quality of many ecosystems. In summary, we conclude that studies in the area of trophic interactions mediated by macrophytes may be directed in a way to attenuate international asymmetries, encouraging the increase of scientific productivity in South America.
Fish consumption on the Amazon: a review of biodiversity, hydropower and food security issues
Authors: Begossi A. , Salivonchyk S. V. , Hallwass G. , Hanazaki N. , Lopes P. F. M. , Silvano R. A. M. , Dumaresq D. , Pittock J.
Published: October 2018

Abstract The lack of knowledge about the majority of fish species harvested in Amazonian small-scale fisheries, in association with impacts from hydroelectric power plants, may lead to biodiversity loss and a decrease in the protein food supply for riverine Amazonians. This study uses existing datasets on fisheries and riverine developmental projects to infer effects associated with fish losses where actual data and outcomes are not available. The targeted fish species’ status may be regarded as either threatened or there being no knowledge of their conservation requirements, biology or ecology. Among the 90 Amazonian fish species that are the most important for the diet of the riverine fishers, 78% are not assessed or their biological information is unknown, according to the IUCN Red List. Consequently, the effects created by the thoroughly disregarded trade-off between energy generation and food security in the planning of Amazonian land use have been worsened by the lack of biological and ecological information on fish species.
Effect of photoperiod on ovarian maturation in Cheirodon interruptus (Teleostei: Characidae)
Authors: García I. D. , Plaul S. E. , Torres D. , Del Fresno P. S. , Miranda L. A. , Colautti D. C.
Published: October 2018

Abstract Cheirodon interruptus is a ubiquitous small characid that inhabits the Pampean region and commonly used as bait. Its vast market is supplied from the wild population causing a significant environmental impact. In this study, we assess the effect of photoperiod on ovarian maturation in order to evaluate its potential as a tool to manipulate reproduction under artificial conditions. Four treatments in triplicate (light: dark, L: D) were tested: 24L: 0D, 12L: 12D, 0L: 24D and a progressive photoperiod corresponding to the daily photoperiod increments in wild during winter-spring transition, accelerated three times. The experiment was conducted for 45 days. Gonadosomatic index (GSI), oocyte mean diameter, vitellogenic oocyte proportions, plasma estradiol concentrations (E2), condition factor (Kn) and standard length were estimated. Values of mean GSI, oocyte diameter, vitellogenic oocyte proportions and E2 concentration were maximum in the progressive treatment indicating vitellogenesis stimulation. In turn the same parameters were minimum in the 24L: 0D, revealing the vitellogenesis inhibition. This study showed that photoperiodic regime play an important role in the onset of ovarian maturation in C. interruptus.
The effect of replacement of fish meal with Amino Acids and Optimized Protein Levels in the diet of the Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Abdel-Warith A-W. , Al-Asgah N. , El-Sayed Y. , El-Otaby A. , Mahboob S.
Published: October 2018

Abstract This study was conducted to determine an appropriate replacement of fishmeal with amino acids (AAs) and optimized protein levels in practical diets for Oreochromis niloticus with mean initial body weight 12.52±0.63g. Six experimental and a control diet (total 7 diets) divided into two groups, and a control diet (D1) containing 32% protein. The first group contained three diets that included different dietary protein levels, viz. 20 (D2), 25 (D3), and 30% (D4) with AAs when replacing fishmeal by plant protein sources. In the second group, the diets were contained 20 (D5), 25 (D6), and 30% (D7) without AAs. The best growth performance was achieved in fish fed with diet D1. Total feed intake was increased with an increase in dietary protein level with AAs. The specific growth rate showed a similar pattern with a significant difference between control, D4 and D7 compared to other groups. The feed conversion ratio decreased when protein levels in the diets increased. The protein efficiency ratio showed a similar performance, with a slight increase between the control diet and diets with AAs. However, insignificant differences (P>0.05) were observed between diets with and without AAs. An economic evaluation indicated that inclusion of low fishmeal in tilapia diets reduced the price/kg of diets compared to control.
Processos quase estáticos, reversibilidade e os limites da Termodinâmica
Authors: Dourado Sinara Santos , Marchiori Marcelo Amorim
Published: October 2018

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta, por meio do formalismo clássico dos cursos de termodinâmica, um estudo da relação entre a natureza quase estática de um processo termodinâmico e sua reversibilidade. Além disso, a partir dos resultados obtidos ao supor a reversibilidade para um processo termodinâmico composto por um subprocesso fundamentalmente irreversível, exploramos os limites de aplicação das leis da termodinâmica e as nuances contidas nas suas formulações gerais. Consideramos que este artigo possui dois caráteres bem definidos: o didático e o fundamental. O caráter didático fica evidente quando utilizamos as técnicas de cálculo para a extração das quantidades termodinâmicas nos processos infinitesimais e ao colocar o leitor em contato com as técnicas de demonstração por contradição (se uma hipótese leva a uma contradição, ela não pode ser tomada). Ambas as técnicas podem ser vistas como essenciais na abordagem de um número imenso de problemas em Física. Do ponto de vista fundamental, conseguimos evidenciar a íntima relação entre a Primeira e a Segunda leis da Termodinâmica quando lidamos com a determinação das condições de reversibilidade e existência dos processos termodinâmicos.
Princípios de gravação magnética e registro de som em fios
Authors: Souza Filho Nilson Evilásio de , Gazola João Paulo , Oliveira Artur Harres de , Astrath Nelson Guilherme Castelli
Published: October 2018

Resumo Construímos uma plataforma de gravação magnética de fios a partir da sucata de um clássico gravador Webster-Chicago. O gravador de fios recuperado utiliza um motor para controlar engrenagens acopladas e mover carreteis que transportam um fio que passa por uma cabeça indutora. O som captado por um transdutor pode ser gravado diretamente no fio pela cabeça indutora e a mesma cabeça faz a leitura por um processo recíproco. Comparamos o sinal gravado direto da cabeça de gravação com o mesmo sinal com correção de distorção (polarização de corrente contínua e corrente alternada) e discutimos a relação sinal/ruído e a distorção de gravações em fios de aço.
Realização experimental da simulação do algoritmo de Deutsch com o interferômetro de Mach-Zehnder
Authors: Grosman Pedro Henrique , Braga Daniel Gonzaga , Huguenin Jose Augusto
Published: October 2018

Resumo Neste trabalho apresentamos a realização experimental da simulação do algoritmo de Deutsch através da montagem de um interferômetro de Mach-Zehnder, conforme proposta de Cabral e colaboradores [20]. O aparato montado permite a entrada simultânea dos dois qbits, conforme o circuito de Deutsch. Os resultados evidenciaram uma limitação desta interpretação. O interferômetro de Mach-Zehnder simula resultados de saída do circuito de Deutsch devido ao controle da diferença de fase entre os braços do interferômetro, independente do segundo qbit. Apesar do experimento ter sido realizado com um feixe intenso, mostramos a concordância dos resultados obtidos com o previsto para o caso de fótons únicos. Os resultados estão em sintonia com muitos trabalhos que utilizam feixes intensos para explorar princípios de informação e computação quântica, mostrando ser um cenário promissor para discussão e ensino de aspectos fundamentais da mecânica quântica.
Attractiveness, non-preference for feeding and oviposition to Ascia monuste orseis Godart (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in collard greens
Authors: Nogueira Luciano , Almeida André Cirilo de Sousa , Freitas Marcelo Mueller de , Ribeiro Zulene Antonio , Boiça Junior Arlindo Leal , Jesus Flávio Gonçalves de
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: Collard greens Brassica oleracea var. acephala is one of the most important horticultural grown in Brazil for human feeding. The caterpillar Ascia monuste orseis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) stands out among the important pest in Brassicaceae causing severe plant defoliation. The objective of this study was to identify resistant genotypes (antixenosis) in 26 collard greens genotypes to A. monuste orseis. In free-choice test, randomized blocks were used; and in the non-choice test we adopted a completely randomized design. Manteiga de Jundiaí, crespa de Capão Bonito, couve de Arthur Nogueira 1, manteiga I-1811, manteiga de Ribeirão Pires I-1811, orelha-de-elefante and Pires 1 de Campinas presented antixenosis (non-preference for oviposition). Pires 1 de Campinas, manteiga I-1811, manteiga de São José, verde-escura and manteiga de Monte Alegre presented antixenosis (non-preference for feeding). These collard greens genotypes can be directly used by farmers for cultivation or by breeders as donor sources in breeding programs for resistance to A. monuste orseis.
Evaluation of leaching potential of tebuthiuron using bioindicator plants
Authors: Silva Junior Antonio Carlos da , Gonçalves Clebson Gomes , Queiroz Juliana Roberta Gobi , Martins Dagoberto
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The last destination of most herbicides used in agricultural systems is the soil. This is a dynamic interaction; herbicides can remain in the soil solution or be carried through the soil profile, reaching the water table. The objective of this work was to evaluate the leaching potential of the tebuthiuron herbicide using bioindicator plants grown in an Oxisol of sandy loam texture and in an Entisol of clay texture, after the occurrence of natural rainfall events. A complete randomized experimental design was used, in a 3×8 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of three accumulated natural rainfall depths (30-40, 60-80, and 100-120 mm) and eight soil profile layers (0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12, 12-15, 15-20, 20-25, and 25-30 cm). Soil samples were collected after the tebuthiuron herbicide application - 750 for clayey soil, and 600 g ha-1 for the sandy loam soil -and the rainfall events. PVC pipes with length of 30 cm and diameter of 15 cm were introduced into the soil profile for sampling. The pipes with soil columns were carefully removed by digging around them, to maintain the soil original integrity during collection and, subsequently, cut longitudinally for sowing the bioindicator species - cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Then, the phytotoxicity in the bioindicator plants grown in these soils were evaluated at 5, 7, 10, and 12 days after sowing, using a grading scale of 0 to 100%. The mobility of the tebuthiuron herbicide was low in both soils, regardless of the rainfall depth, and the cucumber was the most suitable plant species to use as a bioindicator.
Antibiosis and antixenosis resistance to oviposition by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B biotype (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in soybean genotypes
Authors: Horas Vanusa Rodrigues , Degrande Paulo Eduardo , Carducci Carlos Eduardo , Fernandes Marcos Gino
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: This study was aimed at assessing some biological parameters of Bemisia tabaci B biotype at immature stages to examine antibiosis in six soybean genotypes, besides antixenosis resistance to oviposition in choice and non-choice tests, under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. Between April 2016 and August 2016, bioassays were carried out at the Laboratory of Applied Entomology at College of Agricultural Sciences at Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD) Dourados (MS), Brazil. The following variables were evaluated: egg incubation period, nymphal and egg-to-adult duration, egg and nymph viability, and egg-to-adult survival on the soybean genotypes 68i70 RSF IPRO, M6210 IPRO, MS 947 IPRO, BMX Potência RR, M6410 IPRO, and ANTA 82 RR. Antixenosis resistance to oviposition by the silverleaf whitefly was found for MS 947 IPRO, while oviposition was highest for ANTA 82 RR, M6210 IPRO, and M6410 IPRO. The genotype MS 947 IPRO adversely affected egg and nymph viability, and egg-to-adult survival rates was the lowest among genotypes (59.75%), suggesting antibiosis resistance to this pest.