bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ashwamedha Yagya: Gupta Dynasty
Authors: Saxena Mamta
Published: May 2024

The Ashwamedh Yagya, an ancient Vedic ritual extensively documented in Indian epics and Vedic texts, holds significant historical importance. This ritual, detailed in texts such as the Rig Veda and Yajur Veda, is also elaborated upon in the Mahabharata’s Ashwamedha Parva. Despite its ancient prominence, the frequency and depth of the Ashwamedh Yagya declined over time after the Gupta dynasty. Archaeological evidence, including inscriptions and rock edicts, provides substantial insights into the practice of the Ashwamedh Yagya. 
The Gupta dynasty's inscriptions, particularly those issued by rulers like Samudragupta and Chandragupta II, provide critical genealogical and historical data regarding the Ashwamedh Yagya. These inscriptions mention the performance of the ritual and highlight its significance during their reigns. Samudragupta, in particular, revived the Ashwamedh Yagya and issued commemorative Ashwamedha coins, which serve as crucial historical artifacts. These coins depict the ritual’s elements and were used to honor the Ashwamedh Yagya, showcasing the advanced metallurgical technology of the Gupta period. Furthermore, archaeological discoveries, including inscriptions and rock edicts, illuminate the extensive practice of Ashwamedh Yagya among the Gupta rulers to build the nation and culture against foreign attackers of the time. 
Overall, the Ashwamedh Yagya's practice and its documentation through archaeological findings, inscriptions, and coins reveal its extensive significance in ancient Indian history, particularly within the Gupta dynasty, for reviving Vedic culture through Ashwamedh Yagya. \\
Variaciones en los niveles de hemoglobina antes y después del confinamiento asociado al uso obligatorio de tapabocas por COVID-19
Authors: Parra Serrano Gustavo Adolfo , Lindarte Vargas Héctor Henry , Torres Maria Paula , Suta Figueroa Maria Alejandra , Flechas Alarcón Maria Camila , Correa Bernate Carlos Alberto , Prada Robles Diana Carolina , Serrano Gómez Sergio
Published: May 2024

Introducción: el confinamiento asociado a la pandemia de coronavirus SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19), requirió múltiples medidas para reducir el impacto de la enfermedad, una de las principales, fue el uso del tapabocas. Se cree que el uso de tapabocas puede reducir disminución en la fracción inspirada de oxígeno, y por ende estimular la producción de eritropoyetina, generando así, variaciones en la hemoglobina.
Material y métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional retrospectivo basado en una base de datos anonimizada, con el objetivo de determinar si hubo variaciones en los niveles de hemoglobina asociados al uso de tapabocas.
Resultados: se incluyeron un total de 224 415 hemogramas realizados en el periodo comprendido de enero de 2018 y marzo de 2022. El promedio de hemoglobina en el total de las muestras fue 13.72 (IC95% 13.72-13.73), el promedio de hemoglobina previo a mayo del 2020 fue 13.73gr/ dL y 13.72 posterior a esta fecha, encontrándose así una variación significativa a nivel estadístico de 0.1 gr/dL (p:0.002).
Conclusión: se evidenciaron variaciones significativas en los valores de hemoglobina, asociadas al uso de tapabocas durante el confinamiento de la pandemia por el SARS-CoV2. De igual forma, no se considera que estas variaciones tengan relevancia clínica en la actualidad
Enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman asociada a Miastenia Gravis
Authors: Seminario Marcelo Victor Ernesto , La Torre Matuk Alejandra
Published: May 2024

En la presente se reporta el caso de una paciente de 29 años con diagnóstico previo de Miastenia Gravis a los 20 años, que desarrolló años después lesiones cutáneas compatibles con Enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman al estudio histopatológico. Inicialmente presentó una lesión estable en pabellón auricular derecho, luego progresó con nuevas lesiones en glúteo, muslo y rodilla derechos. Ante la aparición de lesiones multifocales recurrentes, se inició corticoterapia oral en ciclos, logrando reducción transitoria del tamaño y coloración de las lesiones, pero con recurrencia al suspender el tratamiento. Actualmente la paciente se encuentra estable, habiendo recibido múltiples ciclos de corticoides en los últimos años. La asociación de estas dos entidades es sumamente infrecuente y apunta a una posible interrelación inmunopatológica. El caso ejemplifica las dificultades en el manejo efectivo a largo plazo de las lesiones dérmicas asociadas a la enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman, que en este caso particular requirió múltiples ciclos de corticoides con un beneficio transitorio. Se precisan estudios sobre opciones terapéuticas más sostenibles en el tiempo y/o con un mejor perfil de respuesta. La comunicación de estos casos poco frecuentes fomenta el intercambio de conocimientos y experiencias entre especialistas.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease and COVID-19 vaccination or infection
Authors: Modesto dos Santos Vitorino
Published: May 2024

N/A
Piomiositis y fascitis necrotizante
Authors: Domínguez Carrillo Luis Gerardo , Domínguez-Gasca Luis Gerardo
Published: May 2024

La piomiositis es una infección bacteriana aguda de la musculatura esquelética con formación de absceso. La incidencia es de 33-40%, principalmente en adultos masculinos jóvenes. El Staphylococcus aureus es responsable en 90% de los casos. Se observa por diseminación de una infección a distancia o, por extensión directa de proceso adyacente. Tiene tres fases: a) invasiva: una a dos semanas; b) purulenta: entre 10-21 días posteriores (90% de los pacientes acude a consulta en esta etapa); c) respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (3). Se requiere cultivo de secreción y ultrasonido diagnóstico (4), la resonancia magnética es de elección (5). El tratamiento inicial es con antibióticos y en la segunda y tercera etapas se requiere drenaje quirúrgico. En pacientes con comorbilidades o inmunosupresión se utiliza cobertura de amplio espectro, incluyendo a Gram negativos y anaerobios. La mortalidad reportada es entre 2 y 20%, siendo mayor en los pacientes con comorbilidades
El valor de las narrativas en el ejercicio de la Medicina Interna
Authors: Rondón C Julián
Published: May 2024

La medicina narrativa se ha venido consolidando desde hace poco más de dos décadas como una disciplina en la que se conjugan elementos médicos y de la literatura —más concretamente de la narrativa—. Se trata de una aproximación de un modo más humano, empático y compasivo a los padecimientos de quienes acuden a las consultas médicas, al tiempo que representa una transformación en la dinámica de la relación médico-paciente, intentando rescatar elementos fundamentales implícitos en el acto comunicativo. Rita Charon, una médica estadounidense que ha llevado adelante un importante trabajo docente y divulgativo para fijar los límites de la disciplina, define la medicina narrativa como la “practicada con la competencia narrativa de reconocer, interpretar y actuar ante las situaciones difíciles de otros”, lo que plantea necesidad de formar al personal de salud en recibir esas historias que los pacientes comparten sobre sus padecimientos, comprender los significados que han sido depositados en esos relatos y actuar en correspondencia para ayudarlos a encontrar eso que van buscando, atravesados por aspectos culturales intrínsecos a su manera de habitar el mundo. Se plantea la necesidad de crear, ampliar y fortalecer este tipo de cursos dentro del pénsum de los distintos programas de Medicina Interna del país, partiendo de la experiencia propia del autor durante su experiencia docente en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia.
ACUTE FEBRILE ILLNESS PRESENTING AS DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS AND DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS FINALLY DIAGNOSED AS CERVICOTHORACIC SPINAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Gupta Parul , John B Paul Sudhakar
Published: May 2024

Classically, diagnosis of spinal epidural abscess can be made when the triad of symptoms of backache,
fever and neurological deterioration are present. But often, presentations can be varied. In this case, a 50
year old male presented with diabetic ketoacidosis and fever , who did not have the conventional symptoms and was
subsequently diagnosed with cervicothoracic spinal epidural abscess measuring 17 cm in length after neurological
deterioration and was managed by decompressive laminectomy and antibiotics. Expeditious diagnosis and suitable treatment
strategies are the need of the hour for preventing lifelong neurological decits in the patients.
THE REMOVAL OF A SINGLE N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION IN FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (FIV) V1/V2 ANALOGUE LOOP OF ENV GREATLY AFFECTS VIRAL INFECTIVITY
Authors: Samman Ayman
Published: May 2024

Viral envelope (Env) of Feline Immunodeciency Virus (FIV) is heavily glycosylated, such that
carbohydrate comprises a great proportion of its molecular weight. It is widely believed that Potential NLinked Glycosylation Sites (PNGSs) play an important role in viral infectivity as well as protection from neutralization by
shielding highly conserved immuno-dominant epitopes on Env. Here, the sequence of Env for a primary strain, designated
SX95, was analysed. Interestingly, Env sequence shows a missing PNGS at position 298 at the crown of V1/V2 analogue loop; a
mutation that has not previously encountered, and thought to be rare, if not unique. Remarkably, when this PNGS was
reinstated, by the construction of a pseudotyped virus made of SX95's Env and a backbone of HIV with luciferase reporter gene,
viral infectivity surged by 100 times compared to the wild-type variant. Further, the deletion of this PNGS at position 298 from a
primary (SX08) strain rendered the virus less infectious by about the same factor. Such data suggest that this strategically
placed PNGS at position 298 on Env must be a key component in boosting viral infectivity, perhaps by providing better
interaction to the host's primary receptor or co-receptor. The role of this mutation on protecting the virus from neutralization is to
be studied further.
EXPLORING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM AND DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Manjusha R. B. , Latha A. Asha
Published: May 2024

Objective: To investigate the correlation between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and diabetic
retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetic patients. Study Design: This was a case-control study conducted at
the Department of Ophthalmology, maharajah's institute of medical sciences, vizianagaram, Andhra pradesh, from febraury
2023 to September 2023. Materials & Methods: A total of 300 type 2 diabetic patients aged 30 to 65 years were enrolled for this
study. Among them, 150 subjects were identied with diabetic retinopathy (group A), while the remaining 150 subjects served as
controls without diabetic retinopathy (group B). Both groups had HbA1c levels >6.5% and a diabetes duration of >5 years.
Exclusion criteria included type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, pregnancy, chronic renal failure, chronic liver disease, and
known thyroid disease. Serum free T4 and TSH levels were measured, and SCH was diagnosed using established criteria. Chisquare test and odds ratios were calculated to compare the prevalence of SCH between the case and control groups. Results:
Patients diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy (group A) exhibited elevated mean serum TSH levels compared to the control
group (group B). Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) was identied in 65 individuals, with 38 cases in group A and 27 cases in
group B, resulting in an overall SCH prevalence of 21.7% (25.3% in group A and 18% in group B). The chi-square test
demonstrated a statistically signicant difference in the prevalence of SCH between group A and group B (p = 0.032). The odds
ratio for SCH in diabetic retinopathy patients compared to those without retinopathy was 1.871 (95% condence interval:
1.168–2.991), indicating a higher likelihood of SCH in individuals with diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: These ndings
suggest a potential association between subclinical hypothyroidism and diabetic retinopathy in the studied population of 300
type 2 diabetic patients
EFFICACY OF TOOTHPASTES AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY ON BACTERIA CAUSING DENTAL CARIES
Authors: Dorcas K. Kusuma , Devi A. Lalitha
Published: May 2024

India has one of the highest rates of oral cancers in the world. As dental diseases in India are a result of
many factors, including poor oral hygiene, tobacco use and a sugary diet, the lack of awareness about
the importance of dental health leads to the prevalence of dental health issues. The oral cavity is an ideal place for microbes as
the oral uids, nutrients help microbes to interact and produce unique ecosystems. Dental caries is biolm-induced that result
from action by microorganisms, which change the active formation of biolms on tooth surfaces. Fifty percent of Indians having
dental problems take advice from chemists other than a dentist. It is observed that 51% of Indians use toothbrush and
toothpaste to brush their teeth. The main aim of the study was to observe the antimicrobial activity of six different toothpastes on
Streptococcus sp. causing dental caries. Among the six different toothpastes, the herbal tooth paste showed the best
antimicrobial activity. An extensive study was performed to check the antibacterial activity of antibiotics on Streptococcus sp. It
was observed that Noroxacin of 5mcg showed best antibacterial activity against Streptococcus. The use of natural products to
inhibit the growth of pathogens has been the highlight of this swot. The study was designed to review the efcacy of natural
products such as cloves, tulasi, cardamom, camphor and rock salt, of which cloves showed the best antistreptococcal activity,
which is required in maintaining oral health in particular and overall health in general.
BANDHANA KARMA: A STUDY ON SUSHRUTA'S ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN ANCIENT BANDAGING PROTOCOLS
Authors: Ekta Ekta , Gupta Rajesh Kumar
Published: May 2024

Bandhana Karma, a fundamental aspect of Shalya Tantra (Ayurvedic surgery), is a collection of
bandaging methods intended to promote and encourage the recovery of a wound. This study explores the
intricate practices outlined in the Ayurvedic text ~ Sushruta Samhita with an emphasis on the procient bandaging techniques
advised by Acharya Sushruta. Through an analysis of text, this paper aims to elucidate the understanding of Sushruta's
bandaging techniques. By exploring the principles and methods of Bandhana Karma, this study sheds light on the enduring
relevance and efcacy of these ancient healing practices in contemporary healthcare.
USE OF CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS WITH DEEP HYPOTHERMIC CIRCULATORY ARREST IN THE MANAGEMENT OF IVC TUMOR THROMBUS
Authors: Dal Avinash , Chandra Dronamraju Venkata Anil
Published: May 2024

In recent years, there has been a signicant rise in the number of cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that
include venous extension to the inferior vena cava (IVC). This is mostly attributable to the development of
several diagnostic techniques. Vascular invasion indicates an increased biological activity and poses a surgical difculty
during treatment. Renal cell carcinoma accounts for around 3-4% of all solid neoplasms. 4-10% of patients with renal cell
carcinoma exhibit the presence of IVC thrombus. Among such patients, extension to the right is observed in 1-3% of cases.
Surgical resection is the established method used to treat such cases.
TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF IMMEDIATE VERSUS DELAYED CORD CLAMPING ON HEMATOCRIT, HEMOGLOBIN AND BODY TEMPERATURE IN TERM NEONATES BORN BY CESAREAN SECTION- A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL
Authors: Yelamali B C , Daddi Anita , Charantimath Pallavi , M S Sheela , N K Rashmi
Published: May 2024

The umbilical cord is the lifeline that connects the placenta to the foetus. Following birth, blood continues
to ow through umbilical arteries (from the infant to the placenta) for approximately 20-25 seconds and is
negligible by 45 seconds1. In the umbilical vein, however, blood continues to ow from the placenta to the infant for up to 3
minutes after delivery2. This additional blood volume transferred from the placenta to the neonate at birth through the umbilical
vein is dened as Placental transfusion3. Neonatal anaemia is an important problem that has multiple sequelae on long term
neurological, emotional and behavioural outcomes of newborns. Summary: Delayed cord clamping (for up to 60 sec) leads to
improvement in levels of haemoglobin, haematocrit at 2 months of age. In our study the haemoglobin level in the Delayed cord
clamping (DCC) group (n = 45; 19.5 ±1.1 g/L) was signicantly higher than that in the Immediate cord clamping (ICC) group (n
= 45; 16.7± 1.1 g/L) (p < 0.05) which was measured after 48hrs. Similarly, haematocrit levels in DCC.
NEUROLOGICAL SOFT SIGNS AS CANDIDATE ENDOPHENOTYPES FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA: A MINI-REVIEW
Authors: Marini Stefano , Lupi Matteo
Published: May 2024

Neurological soft signs are non-localizing neurological abnormalities that cannot be related to the
impairment of a specic brain region or are not believed to be part of a well-dened neurological
syndrome. They were observed in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Neurological soft signs are here reviewed
regarding cannabis use, obstetrics complications, antipsychotic treatments and the potential use of neurological soft signs as
candidate endophenotypes for schizophrenia. Neurological soft signs emerge as a potential endophenotype for several
disorders rather than a specic endophenotype for schizophrenia. There are no important correlations between neurological
soft signs and obstetric correlations and neuroleptic treatment. Cannabis abuse could be associated with the development of
neurological soft signs.
EFFECT OF 6 WEEKS OF SELECTIVE CARDIORESPIRATORY ENDURANCE AND PLYOMETRICS TRAINING ON 800 METER COLLEGIATE ATHLETES
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Badwe Anand N.
Published: May 2024

Background: The 800 meter race is a form of middle-distance running and requires signicant
contributions from both the anaerobic and aerobic energy system. The present study would help to nd
the effect of selective plyometric training with cardiorespiratory endurance training on 800 meter collegiate runners. The
purpose of present study is to compare this training approach with conventional training to evaluate 800 meter performances.
Methods: 100 healthy voluntary rural collegiate 800 meter athletes from different colleges of Rahata Talluka of Ahmednagar
were randomly selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into two groups. Group A was control group
which received only conventional training including cardio-respiratory endurance training (CON), and Group B received
plyometric training with conventional training including cardiorespiratory endurance training (PLYO). Mean±SD age (years),
weight (kg), height (cms), BMI (kg/m2) and pulse (b/min) of group A were 19.22 (±1.53), 60.68 (±10.47), 170.4 (±6.55), 20.88
(±3.48) & 83.78 (±9.74) respectively, and group B were 19.48 (±1.18), 63.16 (±9.31), 171.8 (±5.16), 21.37 (±2.80) & 86.22 (±11.69)
respectively VO2 max (ml/kg/min), anaerobic power (watt), sprint test (sec) and 800 meter running time (min.sec) were
recorded. Student's t test was applied between all the parameters within group and between the groups (p<0.005). In Results:
CON group only sprint test has shown statistically signicant improvement after 6 weeks of regular training, where as in PLYO
group statistically signicant improvement can be seen in anaerobic power, sprint test and 800 meter time after 6 weeks of
plyometric training along with their regular training. The ndings of the present study suggest tha Conclusion: t PLYO group
has only signicant improvement in anaerobic power of the athletes as compared to CON group.
ICHTHYOFAUNAL DIVERSITY OF FRESHWATER PERENNIAL LAKE AT WARANGAL DISTRICT, TELANGANA STATE, INDIA
Authors: Rajani V.
Published: May 2024

Ichthyofaunal studies were undertaken during from June 2018 to May 2020 in the Wardhannapet
Freshwater Lake Warangal district, Telangana State, India. Fishes are the valuable source of high grade
protein and other organic products. The result revealed the occurrence of 23 sh species belonging to 6 orders, 10 families and
17 genera. The order Cypriniformes was dominant with 10 species, followed by Siluriformes (5species),
Channiformes(3species), Perciformes(3species), Osteoglossiformes and Antherniformes (1 species each) were identied. Order
wise percentage composition is Cypriniformes (44%), Siluroformes (22%), Perciformes (13%), Channiformes (13%),
Osteoglossiformes(4%), and Anthrniformes (4%).The study thus states about the Lake has good potential of sh species and is
still in a position to set a good example of conservation and sustainable management.
PARENTAL EXPECTATIONS ON COMMUNICATION ABILITIES, SOCIAL SKILLS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS FROM PEDIATRIC COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION.
Authors: Verma Lukeshwari , Chandra Yadav Mangal , Parmar Akshay , Sinha Sachchidanand , Sharma Chetan
Published: May 2024

Background- Hearing loss is one of the most common sensory disorders resulting in reduction in the
hearing sensitivity due to any kind of underlying causes affecting the auditory system directly or
indirectly. Cochlear implants constitute one of the most important treatment options for people with severe-to-profound hearing
impairment, cochlear implants are known to have a signicant positive effect on the psychosocial behavior and quality-of life
factors such as physical, mental, and emotional health and self-esteem. Objectives- compare the parental expectation along
with socio-economic, nancial assistances and age of implantation. Method and materials- The present study included 80
parents whose children were in the process of undergoing cochlear implantation under ADIP scheme and self-nancing the
implantation. The 'Parent Expectations Questionnaire for Cochlear Implants' was used for assessing the parental expectations
from pediatric cochlear implantation. Results- The quantitative ndings indicate that parents of children who are in the process
of cochlear implantation had held relatively high expectations of their children's communicative, social, academic, wellbeing
and future life outcomes from pediatric cochlear implantation. It was further found that there was no signicant difference in
terms of socio-economic status. Whereas the parents of children who have not been privileged to exploit the benets of the ADIP
scheme, have to contribute to the cost of implant, cost of maintenance, spares, repairs and post-operative rehabilitation.
Conclusion- Cochlear implant provides numerous benets in children. Parents of children who are in the process of cochlear
implantation had held relatively high expectations of their children's communicative, social, academic, wellbeing and future
life outcomes from pediatric cochlear implantation.
MOHS MICROGRAPHIC SURGERY: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW
Authors: Castillo Miranda María Alejandra , Vargas Rey Javier Enrique
Published: May 2024

Mohs micrographic surgery is a distinguished method for excising skin cancers, especially basal cell and
squamous cell carcinomas, with a high precision rate that preserves healthy tissue. This narrative review
explores the indications, technique, and both preoperative and postoperative management of Mohs surgery, highlighting its
advantages such as high cure rates and minimal scarring. The review also discusses potential complications and limitations,
underscoring the importance of patient selection and surgical expertise. Mohs surgery remains a cornerstone in dermatological
oncology for its effectiveness in treating complex skin cancers.
ACUTE CHOLANGITIS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Guerrero Gómez Germán David
Published: May 2024

Acute cholangitis is a potentially life-threatening infection resulting from bile duct obstruction, commonly
caused by gallstones, tumors, or strictures. This condition manifests through the classic Charcot's triad of
fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant pain, seen in approximately 50-70% of patients. In severe cases, Reynold's pentad
may also be observed, indicating a progression to septic shock, characterized by hypotension and altered mental status. This
review highlights the importance of early and accurate diagnosis and intervention to prevent complications such as
cholangiosepsis and liver abscesses. Diagnostic approaches largely rely on clinical assessment, laboratory tests showing
leukocytosis and elevated bilirubin levels, and imaging studies like ultrasound and ERCP to conrm biliary obstruction.
Treatment strategies include prompt administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics to control infection and procedures such as
ERCP for obstruction relief. Supportive care and, if necessary, surgical interventions form part of comprehensive management
to address severe manifestations and complications. This study underscores the critical need for rapid treatment response and
tailored therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes in patients with acute cholangitis.
NEED OF RE-INTUBATION USING UNCUFFED V/S CUFFED ENDOTRACHEAL TUBES (ETT) AMONG CRITICALLY ILL TODDLER POPULATION REQUIRING INTERFACILITY TRANSFER.
Authors: Chadha Vaibhav , Jamwal Shreya , Chachra Alisha , Yadav Amita , Aggarwal K.C
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Paediatric patients presenting in emergency department often require intubation where
patients are unable to protect their airways. Although an indispensable way of protecting patient's
airways, Complication of endotracheal intubation are well known. Traditionally uncuffed tubes are advised in paediatric
population less than the age of 8 years to avoid the risks factors, however uncuffed tubes also present with a precedented
challenge of difcult securing of the ETT thus warranting for reintubation. in bigger children and adults, the use of cuffed tubes
is well established, this study is to evaluate the need of reintubation in uncuffed and cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETT) used in
critically ill children less than 3 years of age needing interfacility transfer. In our cross-secti Material: onal study conducted over
the course 6 months, we prospectively gathered data on 60 severely sick paediatric patients older than 365 days of life and
younger than 3 years, who needed referral to a higher facility. For uncuffed ETT, tube diameters were determined using the
modied Cole formula (age [y]/4 + 4 mm ID), and for cuffed ETT, a tube size that was chosen to be one-half smaller. The doctor
in charge of the initial airway treatment made the decision to use ETT. with sample size of 60 pati Results: ents satisfying our
exclusion and inclusion criterion it was noted that out of 60 Toddlers14(23.3%) patients needed reintubation during interfacility
transfer to a higher Center, of these 13(43.33%) toddlers belonged to group A that is toddlers who were intubated with
conventional uncuffed ETT, 1(3.33%) toddler belonged to the group B, that is intubated with cuffed ETT, needed reintubation
during transfer to a higher Center. Cuffed ETT may have not been used traditionally among toddler p Conclusion: opulation
due to factors like possible air way injury, tracheal rupture & mucosal ischemia, all these complications are preventable if a
proper size or cuffed ETT is used avoiding overination of the cuff and securing the tube at right length. Cuffed ETT are clearly
superior to uncuffed ETT when it comes to securing air ways for referral purpose and had a signicantly lower incidence of
unplanned extubation during transit and thus a lower rate of complications pertaining to emergent reintubation.
RETROSPECTIVE ANd PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE
Authors: Gupta Renuka , Bhadoriya Manjulata , Kaur Gurpreet
Published: May 2024

GTD is spectrum of cellular proliferation disorder where
trophoblast undergoes hydropic degeneration with or without
invasion, hydropic uid is rich in hCG. It can be complete mole
or partial mole depending on presence of fetal tissue and in
absence of invasion. if invasion is detected it can be invasive
mole, choriocarcinoma, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT),
1
placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) , Invasive disease &
PSTT are collectively called GTN. Earlier when means of
diagnosis and chemotherapy were not present GTD used to
carry very high mortality. Since the advent of USG to help early
diagnosis and good facilities for surgical evacuation it has
become easily managable condition while at same time
advent of Chemotherapy has made choriocarcinoma one of
the most curable tumors even with distant metastasis. β Hcg is
very Important biochemical marker for diagnosis and
2 monitoring of GTD. USG & β-HCG makes mainstay for
diagnosis, follow up and early detection of persistence of
disease. In case of GTN multispecialty management is
required. As GTN may arise after any pregnancy being it
H.Mole, normal or abortion making β- hcg an important
element of follow up , though GTN may arise at any age but
extremes of age favor it, in this study we aim to identify
epidemiological factors which increase chances of GTD as
well as role of follow up in early diagnpsis and treatment of
GTN
ASSESSMENT OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN PATIENTS WITH GENERALISED TONIC CLONIC SEIZURES-A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Velayudham Jaikumar , Arumugam Geetha , Kandiah Ilamaran , Dinesh J.
Published: May 2024

Epilepsy has been defined as a brain disorder characterised
by predisposition to generate recurrent seizures and it is
associated with negative neurobiological cognition social
and also psychological consequences.
ALL ON 2 IMPLANTS SUPPORTED MANDIBULAR OVERDENTURE – AS A TREATMENT MODALITY
Authors: Bali Praful , Goyal Manoj
Published: May 2024

In modern dentistry,dental implants are widely accepted as a
treatment modality for rehabilitation of completely or
partially edentulous patients. Dental implants are elective
procedure for gaining stability functional efficiency and
1
quality of life.
EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON MENTAL HEALTH AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN A SELECTED HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL OF AIZAWL, MIZORA
Authors: Lalhlunchhung Lalhlunchhung , Lallawmkimi Lallawmkimi , Lianthangpui Lianthangpui , Lalnuntluangi Mary , Thansangi Vl , Varzikpuii Varzikpuii
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Today is the age of information and technology, in which social media became an integral part of
adolescent's life. Social media have significant effects on the society especially on adolescents. Title of the study: A
study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and attitude regarding effect of social
media on mental health among young adolescents in a selected higher secondary school. Objectives: To assess the
level of knowledge among adolescents' usage of social media impact regarding mental illness, to evaluate the
effectiveness of planned teaching program on mental illness and to find out the association between the pre-test
knowledge scores with a selected variables. Methodology: Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research
design was adopted. 50 samples were selected using non-probability convenience sampling technique. Result: The
estimated z score is -9.075 and -2.658 for knowledge and attitude respectively.The difference in knowledge and attitude
score are significant at of 0.05 level of significance. Chi square (2) value findings show no significant association
between pre-test knowledge scores with selected variables.Conclusion: The study revealed that the structured
teaching programme was effective
Reducing LLM Hallucination Using Knowledge Distillation: A Case Study with Mistral Large and MMLU Benchmark
Authors: McDonald Daniel , Papadopoulos Rachael , Benningfield Leslie
Published: May 2024

The application of knowledge distillation to reduce hallucination in large language models represents a novel and significant advancement in enhancing the reliability and accuracy of AI-generated content. The research presented demonstrates the efficacy of transferring knowledge from a high-capacity teacher model to a more compact student model, leading to substantial improvements in exact match accuracy and notable reductions in hallucination rates. The methodology involved the use of temperature scaling, intermediate layer matching, and a comprehensive evaluation using the MMLU benchmark, which assessed the model’s performance across a diverse set of tasks. Experimental results indicated that the distilled model outperformed the baseline in generating accurate and contextually appropriate responses while maintaining computational efficiency. The findings underscore the potential of knowledge distillation as a scalable solution for improving the robustness of large language models, making them more applicable to real-world scenarios that demand high factual accuracy. Future research directions include exploring multilingual and multi-modal distillation, integrating reinforcement learning, and developing more refined evaluation metrics to further enhance model performance.
Bridging between Deviation Indices for Non-Tree-Based Phylogenetic Networks
Authors: Suzuki Takatora , Guo Han , Hayamizu Momoko
Published: May 2024

Phylogenetic networks are a useful model that can represent reticulate
evolution and complex biological data. In recent years, mathematical and
computational aspects of tree-based networks have been well studied.
However, not all phylogenetic networks are tree-based, so it is
meaningful to consider how close a given network is to being tree-based;
Francis–Steel–Semple (2018) proposed several different indices to
measure the degree of deviation of a phylogenetic network from being
tree-based. One is the minimum number of leaves that need to be added to
convert a given network to tree-based, and another is the number of
vertices that are not included in the largest subtree covering its
leaf-set. Both values are zero if and only if the network is tree-based.
Both deviation indices can be computed efficiently, but the relationship
between the above two is unknown, as each has been studied using
different approaches. In this study, we derive a tight inequality for
the values of the two measures and also give a characterisation of
phylogenetic networks such that they coincide.
Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Trelagliptin Succinate in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Eswarudu M. M. , Krishna P. Siva , Varsha K. Sai , Sri K. Sowmya , Shafiya P. , Abjul S. K. , Prathyusha P. , Sankar P. Ravi , Srinivasa P.
Published: May 2024

A Simple, precise and sensitive ultraviolet spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of Trelagliptin succinate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form, method was run through LABINDIA UV-Visible spectrophotometer-3200 with solvent of acetonitrile was used. In this method working wavelength was selected at 276 nm. The developed method was validated as per the international conference on harmonization (ICH Q2(R1)) guidelines. The drug was obeying Beer-Lambert’s law revealed good correlation in the concentration range of 10 - 60 µg/ml with correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9993. The validity of the proposed method was assessed by applying the standard addition technique where the percentage recovery of the added standard was found to be 99.97 % for Trelagliptin succinate. The absorbance was found to be 0.0365 - 0.0506 with %RSD for both inter-day precision & intraday precision. The limit of detection and quantification were calculated and was found to be 0.0563 µg/mL and 0.1689 µg/mL respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of Trelagliptin in commercially available dosage form with percentage assay of 98.52. The proposed method is recommended for routine analysis of Trelagliptin in bulk and dosage forms in quality control testing laboratories. Since it is rapid, simple, accurate and sensitive.
The Transformative Role of Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Singh Prashant , Singh Asheesh Kumar , Verma Navneet Kumar , Kumar Abhay , Chegini Zahra , Malviya Ankita
Published: May 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a disruptive force in pharmaceutical healthcare, offering innovative solutions to complex challenges and driving transformative advancements across various domains. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted applications of AI in pharmaceutical healthcare as well as research, drawing insights from a diverse range of literature sources. By synthesizing findings from relevant studies and research articles, this review elucidates AI's pivotal role in drug discovery, disease diagnosis, personalized treatment, clinical trials, healthcare management, and patient care. Through proper referencing from reputable sources, including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and others, this review provides a thorough examination of AI's impact, challenges, and future directions in shaping the future of pharmaceutical healthcare.
Transferosome- A Noval Drug Delivery System
Authors: Singh Shikha , Bharati Divya , Mishra Pragya , Yadav Shweta
Published: May 2024

The skin's barrier function typically places restrictions on the transdermal administration of medications. One of the most contentious techniques for transdermal distribution of active ingredients is vesicular systems. After elastic vesicles such as transferosomes, ethosomes, cubosomes, phytosomes, etc. were discovered, there was a renewed interest in developing transdermal delivery systems. In order to provide active compounds transdermally, this paper describes the composition, penetration mechanisms, production processes, and characterization techniques of transferosomes. A medication must cross one or more biological membranes or barriers at different sites in order to be absorbed, distributed into organs and tissues, and removed from the body. Substance transport refers to the passage of a substance through a membrane in this manner. The medications must get through the membranous barrier in order to be absorbed by the body. In an effort to reduce the amount of medicine in the remaining tissues and concentrate the drug in the targeted tissues, several delivery systems were devised. As a result, the medication has no effect on the tissues nearby. Furthermore, medication loss does not occur. Furthermore, the localization of the drug prevents drug loss, resulting in the medication's optimum efficacy. As such, there is a lot of interest in phospholipid-based carrier systems nowadays.
A Brief Study on Nanogel: A Review
Authors: Srivastava Saumya , Verma Navneet Kumar , Agrawal Nimesh , Srivastava Sanch
Published: May 2024

Strong nanoparticles called nanogels may be utilized in controlled drug delivery applications to distribute active pharmaceutical ingredients. Because of their chemical makeup and formulations that are unsuited for other formulations, nanogels provide a safer and more effective drug delivery mechanism for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic medicines. Functionalized nanoparticles, which serve as drug carriers and can be loaded with medications and other active materials to be released in a regulated way at a specific spot, can now be larger thanks to nanogel technology. The objective of this paper is to present a broad overview of nanogels, their innovative applications across several domains, and their latest synthesis process.
Nanosponges: A Targeted Drug Delivery System
Authors: Malviya Ankita , Yadav Shweta , Srivastava Anand Kishor
Published: May 2024

The latest advances in nanotechnology have resulted in the development of a targeted drug delivery system. However, in order to efficiently target a molecule to a specific place with a drug delivery system, a specialized drug delivery system is required. The discovery of nanosponge has been a big step toward overcoming challenges such as drug toxicity, low bioavailability, and predictable drug release because they can accept both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Nanosponges, a newly developed colloidal system, have the potential to address concerns such as medicine toxicity, lower bioavailability, and drug release over a large region because they can be adjusted to operate with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic pharmaceuticals. Nanosponges are small structures with a three-dimensional network and porous hollow. Nanosponges are small structures with a three-dimensional network and porous hollow. They can be easily created by crosslinking cyclodextrins with various chemicals. Because of Cyclodextrin's excellent biocompatibility, stability, and safety, a number of Cyclodextrin-based drug delivery systems have been rapidly developed. The nanosponge drug delivery system has a wide range of applications, including cancer, autoimmune illnesses, theranostic uses, increased bioavailability, and stability. This review delves into the benefits and downsides, preparation procedures, factors influencing their preparation, characterisation techniques, applications, and the most recent advancements in nanosponges. Nanosponges can also act as an efficient carrier of enzymes, proteins, vaccines, and antibodies. The current review focuses on the method of preparation, characterisation, and possible application in drug delivery systems.
Clinical Case Report: Prepyloric Abscess Secondary to Chicken Bone Ingestion
Authors: Marmouk H. EL , Rajih D. , Nacir O. , Lairani F. Z. , Errami A. Ait , Oubaha S. , Samlani Z. , Krati K.
Published: May 2024

The accidental ingestion of foreign bodies is a common occurrence but can sometimes lead to serious complications, such as gastrointestinal perforation or abscess formation. We report the case of a patient who presented with diffuse atypical abdominal pain, accompanied by late postprandial vomiting, revealing the presence of a foreign body transfixing the posterosuperior pyloric wall. This condition led to the formation of an abscess in this region, requiring surgical intervention at Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakesh. This case highlights the potential risks associated with the ingestion of foreign bodies and underscores the importance of prompt and appropriate management of such complications to avoid serious consequences.
Colonic Cancer in Occlusion: A Case Report of 70 Patients Experience of the Visceral Surgery Department at the Moulay Ismail Military Hospital in Meknes, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University in Fez
Authors: Cissé Mohamed Yaya , Hasbi Samir , Sakit Fouad , Krimou Hicham , Menfaa Mohammed , Errabi Mohamed Nizar , Belhamidi Mohammed Said , Bah Thierno Mamadou Foinké , Camara Mohamed Falilou , Choho Abdelkrim
Published: May 2024

Occlusive colon cancer is a serious condition, as it combines two very serious pathologies: cancer and acute intestinal obstruction. Colon cancer is a malignant proliferative neoformation developed at the expense of the colonic wall. Colonic obstruction is defined as the interruption of normal intestinal transit, and represents the mode of revelation in 8 to 29% of colon cancers. Occlusion is the most common complication of colonic cancer, either as a result of the disease or as it progresses, accounting for 15-30% of cases. Occluded colon cancer poses a twofold problem:  On the one hand, occlusion and its potential repercussions, particularly of a general or upstream intestinal nature.  On the other hand, it reveals a late diagnosis most often associated with a locally advanced or metastatic tumour. Our study concerns 70 cases of colonic cancer in occlusion diagnosed and treated in the visceral surgery department of the Moulay Ismail Military Hospital in Meknes, over 5 years from 01 January 2019 to 31 December 2023. The aims of our retrospective study are:  Evaluate the proportion of this complication that is indicative of colonic tumour pathology.  To review the range of surgical and non-surgical techniques available.  To establish guidelines for dealing with this type of complication in order to minimise morbidity and mortality. Our series includes 46 men and 24 women with a sex ratio of 1.9 aged between 35 and 86 years, who presented to the emergency department after an average delay of 07 days with extremes of 03 days and 08 days, with an occlusive syndrome (78.6%), sub-occlusive syndrome (21.4%), abdominal pain (95.7%), transit disorders (82.9%), vomiting (75.7%) and rectal bleeding (72.9%). The clinical examination revealed weight loss in 49 patients (70%); abdominal distension in all our patients (100%); and an empty rectal ampulla in all our patients (100%). All our patients underwent PSA, which revealed colonic NHA in 81.4% of cases, .......
Advances in Imaging Techniques for Retinoblastoma with Subretinal Seeding
Authors: Mahir M. , Imane D. , Ahmanna H. Ch. , Zouita B. , Basraoui D. , Jalal H.
Published: May 2024

Retinoblastoma is a rare and highly malignant intraocular tumor primarily affecting young children. Subretinal seeding, specifically Type D, indicates an advanced stage of retinoblastoma with a high risk of metastasis and a poor prognosis. We present a case of a 4-year-old girl who presented with leukocoria, vision loss, and painless redness in her left eye. Examination of the posterior segment revealed a total retinal detachment and abnormal, tortuous retinal vessels in the left eye. No visible mass, vitreous seeding, or hemorrhage was observed. B-mode ultrasound confirmed a detached retina. Due to the poor visual prognosis and strong clinical suspicion of malignancy, enucleation was performed. Further histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative retinoblastoma.
Reasons for Delay in Presentation of Acute Stroke Patients in Teritary Health Centre in Abuja
Authors: A Onwuegbuzie, G. , F Abdulai, , N Obianozie,
Published: May 2024

Background: Stroke is a life-threatening condition which continues to be a major public health problem leading to death and severe neurologic disability. The time of presentation remains a crucial for the use of intravenous thrombolysis. This study aims at evaluating the time to presentation of acute stroke and the factors that affect this time, and see if efforts could be made to reduce delay to enhance therapeutic intervention. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with a total of eighty-two consecutive patient admitted into the medical wards. All patients had full clinical assessment and investigations, including demographic aspects, Prior and source of knowledge of stroke warning symptom, means of transportation to the hospital and duration before presentation and possible reasons for delay. Data collected was analysed by frequency, mean, standard deviation and chi-square test. Results: Of the 82 study participants, 50% had Cerebral infarction, 34.1% intracerebral hemorrhage, and 15.9% subarachnoid hemorrhage. Those with previous knowledge of one-sided weakness were 78% and difficulty with speech were 54.9% among the stroke warning symptoms. About 33% presented before 4 hours while 50% of patient presented between 6 to 11hours. Only 3.66% used ambulance service to the hospital. Among the possible reason for delay 45.1% were not aware of the dangers of delayed treatment and 40.2% complain of distance to the hospital. Conclusion: Our study though hospital-based, has been able to highlight unawareness of the dangers of delayed treatment and distance to the hospital as major factors contributing to prehospital delay which are obviously modifiable.