bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Hybrid Mgstar-Rnn Model for Forecasting Spatio-Temporal Data
Authors: Laily V O N , Suhartono  , Pusporani E , Atok R M
Published: February 2021

Time series data have a time dimension and space dimension called Spatio-temporal data. GSTAR is one of the models that can be used to analyze spatio-temporal data. One of development for this model is the Multivariate Generalized Spaced-Time Autoregressive (MGSTAR). The MGSTAR model has limitations of not being able to model a nonlinear time series, this problem can be overcome by applying a hybrid model on MGSTAR. This research aims to propose a hybrid MGSTAR-RNN model, where the MGSTAR model as a linear component and RNN as a nonlinear component. This research focused on a simulation study to evaluate the performance of MGSTAR and MGSTAR-RNN model. Several scenarios be experimented, i.e simulation in data with different variable component and location. The result show that hybrid MGSTAR-RNN model is better than individual MGSTAR model. In general, it is in line with the latest results of the 2018 M4 forecasting competition show that combined models or hybrid models tend to provide more accurate forecast performance than forecast results with individual models.
Parameter Estimation of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) with Stepwise Approach to Multi Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Modeling in Lamongan Regency
Authors: Yasmirullah S D P , Otok B W , Purnomo J D T , Prastyo D D
Published: February 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease, caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis that affects various organs, especially the lungs. If TB treatment is not done thoroughly by the patient, then it can lead to death. Tuberculosis disease could not be healed cause TB bacteria to double immunity against anti-TB drugs, called multi-drug resistant (MDR). One identification issue toward TB infection chain is a TB case distribution analysis using mathematical modeling. The method used in this study was Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS). Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline is one type of non-parametric regression techniques, where the model does not assume the functional relationship between response and predictor variables, and has a flexible functional structure as well. Modeling aims to determine the factors that have the most significant influence on MDR-TB cases in Lamongan regency, as well as predict the incidence of MDR-TB in each sub-regency. The results show, the best model has a combination of BF = 28, MI = 2 and MO = 3, based on the minimum GCV, which is 5.26E-06. Furthermore, the model is statistically proper according to the criteria of APER and Press’s Q.
An Empirical Study to Determine Crop Insurance Premium Using Survival Analysis
Authors: Hasanah P , Azka M , Herliansyah R , Payung N L
Published: February 2021

Crop insurance provides a solution to economic losses experienced by farmers due to the risk of crop failure. The sample of crop survival data from Sukaratu Village in Cianjur-West Java had been analyzed. This research was analyzed the probability of failure based on the empirical study of the survival model. As a result, the probability of a crop failure studied in Sukaratu Village was calculated at 3.27%. Then, the exponential regression model was used to get the waiting time between crop failure events. The crop insurance product was simulated under the rate of premiums and benefits of insurance in several cases.
Small area estimation with application to households with energy-saving lamps estimates in Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: Siagian T H , Wulansari I Y , Pasaribu E
Published: February 2021

An electricity outage hit Jakarta and some provinces on Java Island on Sunday, August 4, 2019. This blackout was the worst in many years. However, it gives positive effect that many people realize the importance of energy-saving. Since 2016, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of Indonesia has initiated the 10-percent Energy Saving National Movement in an effort to change the wasteful behavior of the Indonesian people in consuming energy. One effort to support this national movement is by using energy-saving lamps such as compact fluorescents (CFLs) and light-emitting-diodes (LEDs). CFLs and LEDs last longer and are significantly more efficient than incandescent lamps (ILs). In 2017, 92.49 percent of households in Indonesia stated that they use energy-saving lamps in their homes. However, only 70.02 percent of households stated to use energy saving lamps in all lamps installed in their homes. This indicator is calculated from the 2017 national socio economic survey-social resilience module (SSN17.HANSOS). However the SSN17.HANSOS can provide data only at the national and province levels owing to insufficient sample size. Small Area Estimation (SAE) method overcomes this problem and can produce reliable estimates for small domains. Due to the growing need for reliable and accurate estimates at district level, therefore this study aims to estimate the percentage of household that use energy-saving lamps in all lamps installed in their homes by district in Java Island using a SAE method. The result of the study can be used by local government for identifying districts in which the energy-saving programs need to be strengthened and monitoring improved.
Estimating Households that Handle Their Domestic Waste in Not Eco-Friendly Ways in Indonesia: An Application of Small Area Estimation Technique
Authors: Sukim  , Ubaidillah A , Kurniawan R , Siagian T H
Published: February 2021

Waste still becomes a big problem for Indonesia up to now. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry stated that the total volume of waste nationally is 175,000 tons per day or equivalent with 64 million tons per year if using the assumption of waste produced by each person per day is 0.7 kg. According to the 2010 population census, Indonesia’s population is 237 million and this figure is projected to reach around 318 million people in 2045. With a population that continues to grow it will certainly increase the amount of waste generation. Some policy interventions have been set up by the Indonesian government such as the Indonesian President Regulation Number 97/2017 which aims to reduce 30 percent of the country’s waste and to process and manage for at least 70 percent of the country’s waste in order to avoid it from being accumulated in the landfill. Households waste poses a threat to public health and the environment if they are not stored, collected and disposed properly. Data from the 2017 National Socio Economic Survey-Social Resilience Module (SSN17.HANSOS) shows that 68.3 percent of households in Indonesia handle their domestic waste in not eco-friendly ways. Due to lack of availability of reliable data on household waste management at district/city level in Indonesia, this study aims to derive model-based district level estimates of households that handle their domestic waste in not eco-friendly ways by utilizing Small Areas Estimation (SAE) technique.
Pancreatic Cancer Classification Using the Kernel-based Support Vector Machine (KSVM)
Authors: Khairi R , Fitri S G , Rustam Z
Published: February 2021

Pancreatic cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancerous) tumor cells develop in pancreatic tissue; organ behind the lower abdomen and in front of the spine, which helps the body use and store energy from food by producing hormones to control blood sugar levels and digestive enzymes to break down food. Usually, pancreatic cancer is rarely detected at an early stage. One sign of a person with pancreatic cancer is diabetes, especially if it coincides with rapid weight loss, jaundice, or pain in the upper abdomen that spreads to the back. Among various types of cancer, pancreatic cancer has the lowest survival rate of only about 3%-6% of those diagnosed who can survive for five years. If patients are diagnosed on time for treatment, their chances of survival will increase. There is a tumor marker commonly used to follow the course of pancreatic cancer, namely CA 19-9 which can be measured in the blood. Healthy people can have small amounts of CA 19-9 in their blood. High levels of CA 19-9 are often a sign of pancreatic cancer. But sometimes, high levels can indicate other types of cancer or certain noncancerous disorders, including cirrhosis and gallstones. Because a high level of CA 19-9 is not specific for pancreatic cancer, CA 19-9 cannot be used by itself for screening or diagnosis. It can help monitor the progress of your cancer and the effectiveness of cancer treatment. In this study, the Kernel-based Support Vector Machine method is used to classify CA19-9 blood test results into two sections including data on patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer or normal patients. This method will get an accuracy of around 95%.
Classification of Cerebral Infarction Data Using K-Means and Kernel K-Means
Authors: Putri A M , Sari A G M , Rustam Z , Pandelaki J
Published: February 2021

A cerebral infarct is a circumscribed focus or area of brain tissue that dies as a result of localized hypoxia or ischemia due to cessation of blood flow. To diagnose the presence of cerebral infarction, it needs a CT scan result from the patient. But, in this study not only CT scan result will be used, machine learning also will be proposed to diagnosing cerebral infarction. Machine learning can be used to detect and classify of infarcts in the brain using features and label that obtained from the results of the CT scan. In this study, the machine learning method that will be used is K-Means and K-Means based on kernel or kernel K-Means. Kernel K-Means is the application of K-Means that modified by changing the inner product with kernel function. The CT scan result data used in this study was obtained from the Department of Radiology at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM). The best result reached with kernel K-Means, it performed with different percentage of training data, started with 50%, 55%, until 95% data training. The average accuracy score of the kernel K-Means method attained an accuracy rate of 95.28%.
Comparison between Fisher’s Ratio and Information Gain with SVM classifier for 3 levels of enthusiasm classification through face recognition
Authors: Rustam Z , Kristina Andrea Laksmirani , Satria Y
Published: February 2021

The enthusiasm level of a person is an important measurement in real-world problems. This paper, therefore, presents face recognition classification for enthusiasm level, based on supervised machine learning, using Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a classifier, with a one-vs-one method because the data consists of more than two classes. In addition, Fisher’s Ratio and Information Gain are applied in the selection of contributive features, and the goals were to present an accuracy comparison between SVM and Fisher’s Ratio, as wells as with Information Gain, and the results showed the accuracy at 88,89%, and 80,95238%, respectively. This indicates the combination of SVM with Fisher Ratio to be better.
Prostate Cancer Classification Using Random Forest and Support Vector Machines
Authors: Rustam Z , Angie N
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, it gets more types of diseases in the medical sector. For this reason, the role of technology is very important in assisting medical staff to overcome the problem. This research discusses about Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer is suffered commonly by males. There are no exact causes how Prostate Cancer occurs in males, but there are several risk factors of a Prostate Cancer, such as age, ethnic group, family history, diet, smoking, and world area. In this research, the classification to diagnose Prostate Cancer is using two methods, those are Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). By comparing accuracy of those two methods, we will know which method is better with a dataset that we have from Al-Islam Bandung Hospital, Indonesia. The result is given that Random Forest has a better accuracy than Support Vector Machines. The accuracy shows 97.30% with 80% of data training.
Leroux Spatial Model for Mapping the Relative Risk of Dengue Fever in Makassar
Authors: Thamrin S A , Rosdiana  , Jaya A K , Ansariadi
Published: February 2021

One of the health problems in Makassar city is dengue fever (DF) disease. To find out areas in Makassar that are at high risk of spreading DF, a relative risk analysis can be done. Bayesian Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) is a model used in disease mapping by taking into account the smoothing of the estimated relative risk and using spatial information to obtain a better estimate of relative risk. The Leroux model is a prior used in the CAR model for estimating the relative risk of DF in Makassar city. The relative risk estimation is used for geographic mapping of DF. In this model random and spatial variables are used. The results of this study indicate that DF medium relative risk occurred in some sub-districts of Makassar city. It indicates that the population in these areas susceptible and more likely to be infected with DF disease. This gives a clue so the Health Department of Makassar city can provide more intensive treatment to medium relative risk sub-districts so that the spread of DF disease in Makassar can be overcome.
Estimation of Relative Risk of Dengue Fever in Makassar Using Localized Bayesian Autoregressive Conditional Model
Authors: Thamrin S A , Khaerati R , Jaya A K , Ansariadi
Published: February 2021

Analysis of the relative risk of the spread of dengue fever (DF) in Makassar city, Indonesia, needs to be done to see the which areas are at high risk of DF. Bayesian Autoregressive Conditional (CAR) is used in the mapping model of this disease. This model is Able to model of relative risk by taking into account the smoothing of that relative risk and entering spatial information to reduce the error of the estimated parameters in order the reliable relative risk models is Obtained. In this study, the relative risk value of the spread of DF was Analyzed using the localized Bayesian models CAR. Under this model the geographical mapping of DF in Makassar can be identified for each sub-district and shows that Makassar is still very vulnerable to DF.
Bias Not Linear Prediction Method The Best for Small Area on Empirical Suspect Spending Per Capita (Case: South Sulawesi Province District Gowa)
Authors: Nusrang M , Sudarmin  , Annas S , Asfar  , Rais Z
Published: February 2021

Indirect estimation is the estimation of parameters that use additional information about the same parameters in a small area. The combination of the basic assumption of random effects and fixed effects forms a mixed influence model. In this study, the data used are secondary data from the SUSENAS and Regression methods. The value of Average Root Mean Square Error (ARSME) estimator in the EBLUP estimator is smaller when compared to the direct estimator and simple linear regression. So it can be said that the EBLUP estimator is better than the direct estimator of per household at the District level in Gowa Regency based on SUSENAS data for 2017.
Morphometric Variations of Nerita Lineata Gmelin 1791 in Different Mangrove Age Groups in the Ecosystem
Authors: Yunus M , Samsi A N
Published: February 2021

Snail Nerita lineata is a snail that lives in the mangrove ecosystem. This snail is also found in the mangrove ecosystem in the Village of Tongke-Tongke, Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi. This study aims to provide information about the morphometrics of snails N. lineata. This research was conducted for six months, from April to September 2019. There were three research stations, namely A, B, and C, which were grouped according to mangrove age. group A is mangrove ⩾10 years old, group B is mangrove ⩾20 years old, and group C is mangrove which is rove30 years old. Each station uses a large plot measuring 10m x 10m and inside there are four small plots measuring 0.5m x 0.5m. sampling is done every month. Morphometric measurements using a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm and weighing using a digital scale with an accuracy of 0.1 gr. Morphometric parameters observed were shell length (SL), shell width (SW), spire height (SpH), columella length (CL), shell opening width (AW), shell opening length (AL), and snail weight (W). Data were analyzed for correlation and Paired Sample Test using SPSS software. Morphometric snails in mangrove groups A, B, and C are not much different. In the mangrove group A, there are several morphometric parameters that are not correlated with each other. In the mangrove groups B and C, the parameters of shell length (SL) and shell width (SW) do not correlate. The results of the Paired Sample Test showed the significant length of snail (SL) between mangrove A and mangrove B and length of snails in mangrove B and mangrove C. None of the results of paired sample test showed significant snail weight.
The Role of Technopreneurship on Development of Noodles and Testless Bread Products From Cassava (Manihot Esculenta)
Authors: Saludung J , Pramezwary A
Published: February 2021

This research is research and development on the form of experiments in the laboratory and aims to develop cassava products into noodles and testless bread with a touch of technology (technopreneurship). So far, cassava in Makassar is very abundant although not seasoned and the price is very low because the utilization by the community is still limited. Almost all communities in rural areas have cassava gardens. Therefore it is necessary to innovate its product development by being given a touch of technology-based technopreneurship through research. The results must be socialized so that the benefits are better and can be known by the community as raw materials for businesses that can be processed to be more productive to improve people’s lives. Experimental research has been carried out in the PKK laboratory and continued its development and application in the field. It has been started from PNBP research in 2017 and continued in 2018 with PDUPT research in the laboratory and its application on the field in 2019. The research began of an experimental trial to obtain a prototype model of noodle and white bread products from cassava which continued development and application on the field to obtain the final product model that the public likes and is suitable for production and marketing. Using experimental research methods in the laboratory and field, followed by organoleptic tests for hedonic tests and hedonic quality tests with indicators of color, taste, texture, aroma, and product quality. Using an instrument checklist with 25 trained and non trained panelists. Organoleptic test results were analyzed by descriptive and mean test of SPSS program assistance. The product is noodles and white bread made from cassava with specific taste that is liked by the community and its quality is suitable for marketing.
The Comparison of Optimum Conditions for Lead (Pb) Analysis Method using DITHIZONE and EDTA Complex in Seaweeds (Eucheuma spinosum)
Authors: Syahrir M , Wijaya M , Irmayani R
Published: February 2021

The comparison of optimum conditions for lead (Pb) analytical method using dithizone and EDTA complexes in Eucheuma Spinosum (Eucheuma Sp.) was measured using a standard addition method, where the standard solution of Pb2+ was added to the sample to reduce noise. Additionally, UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used with dithizone and EDTA complexes in Eucheuma Spinosum, where Pb2+ ions in both complexes were measured. Both complexes were first developed to determine the optimal pH that would measure Pb2+ level in Eucheuma Spinosum. The most favorable pH level for such measurement was pH 8, at which pH activity was most stable, and the most favorable complex was dithizone complex, with a regression value closer to one than that of EDTA complex.
Characters of Senior High School Students in Cooperative-Based Learning Reviewed from Mathematics Learning Achievement
Authors: Ilyas M , Ma’rufi  , Fitriani A , Karmila
Published: February 2021

This study aims to describe the character of students of Class X MIA SMAN 6 Palopo in Cooperative Based Learning reviewed from mathematics learning achievement. This study was descriptive research using the qualitative approach. Subjects were students of class X MIA SMAN 6 Palopo. Techniques of data analysis used were (1) percentage description, (2) data reduction, (3) data presentation, and (4) taking conclusion. This study was conducted in even semester of academic year 2018/2019. The topic focused was the cosines rules. The results found that character of students in cooperative based learning (1) responsibility, (2) Independent, (3) curiosity, and (4) hard work. Students whose high mathematics learning achievements had a better character than those whose low mathematics learning achievements.
Students’ Multiple Intelligence in Visualization of Mathematics Problem Solving
Authors: Nurhajarurahmah St Z
Published: February 2021

The rate of development of a person’s cognitive abilities is determined by intelligence, especially in solving mathematical problems. By using Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, the selected respondents were representative of linguistic intelligence (ILK), Spatial intelligence (ISP), and mathematical logical intelligence (ILM). As for the specifics in this study were second year mathematics major students at State University of Makassar. This study reports data obtained through tests and interviews, the tests given to respondents consisted of several mathematical problems using multiple intelligence indicators then continued with interviews, and found that there were visual and structural differences in the problem solving process. The use of patterns and verbal mathematical relationships is dominated by ILK students, and transformation of forms to diagrams or images is dominated by ILM students, while ISP students use visualization and abstraction to solve the problems.
The Implementation of Improve Method Using LCD Media and Its Effect on Student’s Learning Outcome
Authors: Nurhuda  , Has Zakir
Published: February 2021

Improve method is a method that has a high level of meaningfulness of students’ activeness. This research was conducted to find out the effect of the improve method by using LCD media on student’s learning outcomes. Participants in this study were 120 students. This experimental research was conducted in SMA YLPI Pekanbaru. The results showed a significant effect between the Improve method and LCD media on learning outcomes. There were significant differences between learning outcomes of the experimental class who got treatment by using the improve method.
The Use of Google Classroom Application in a Blended Learning Environment
Authors: Jamiludin  , Darnawati  , Uke W A S , Salim
Published: February 2021

Educational challenges in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 in the form of changes in the way of learning, thinking patterns and ways of acting students in developing creative innovations in the educational process. Today’s learning has used a variety of ways and technologies as the main supporting tools to increase student knowledge and competency. The Google Classroom application is a learning application that uses internet technology that is easily accessed through smartphone devices and develops the activeness and independence of student learning. The results of this study indicated that the use of the Google Classroom application: (1) made it easy for students to access learning resources, (2) fostered student interest in learning, (3) trained student learning discipline, (4) made students learn anytime and anywhere, (4) supports Blended learning when outside the classroom.
Changes in Indonesian EFL Lecturers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) After Lesson Study
Authors: Darsih E , Suherdi D , Safrina
Published: February 2021

It is probably fair to say that English language teaching in Indonesia’s universities has not seen significant success. Plethora of studies reported that the most common problem found in college English teaching is unskilled lecturers including the lack of integrating technology into their teaching. In fact, in this digital era, an ideal English lecturer has to have deep understanding of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) to create effective teaching. Therefore special treatment is needed to upgrade their knowledge and Lesson Study is believed to be the impactful professional development on teachers’ knowledge. This article reports on a case study regarding changes on three English lecturers’ TPACK after engaging in Lesson Study project. Those lecturers were voluntarily recruited for the case study. The findings show that Lesson Study broadened English lecturers knowledge of content, pedagogy, technology and the combination of these domains.
Development of Metacognitive Learning Model Device oriented by HOTS to Improve Students Mathematical Literation
Authors: Masrura S I , Indrawati N , Syahri A A , Subanji  , Sukoriyanto
Published: February 2021

This study aims to develop metacognitive learning models device oriented by HOTS to improve student mathematical literation which is valid, practical and effective. The learning devices developed are (1) Lesson Plan (RPP), (2) Student Activity Sheet (LAS). This study was research and development that used Plomp model which include: (1) Initial investigation phase, (2) Design phase, (3) Realization phase, (4) Test, revision and evaluation phase, (5) Implementation phase. The results showed that the learning device (RPP and LAS) was had been fulfill of aspect validity, practically, and effectively.
Probabilistic Thinking of Senior High School Students with Low Mathematical Abilities in Solving Probability Tasks
Authors: Raya R , Suwarsono St. , Lukito A
Published: February 2021

Probabilistic thinking of each individual in solving probability tasks is different. Different mathematics ability also causes different process of student thinking probabilistic. This study aimed at describing the profile of probabilistic thinking of high school students with low mathematics abilities in solving probability tasks. This qualitative research was a case study. The subject in this study was a female student in 11th grade of science that had learned probability and had low mathematics ability selected based on mathematics ability test. The subject was given Problem Solving Tasks then she was interviewed based on her written answers. Data credibility used time triangulation. The results showed that in solving probability tasks, subject used personal experiences found in her own family and extended family. The subject used intuitive strategy that tended to use heuristic thinking patterns by performing attribute substitution process. In this case, subject gave a non-statistical response. The results of this study can complement the existing theories and become input for teachers to use approaches and strategies in learning that can accommodate the probabilistic ways of thinking of high school students in solving probability tasks.
Use of Preprint in the Publication of the Scientific Papers
Authors: Rustan E
Published: February 2021

The publication is an important stage in a study. However, the publication stage in an accredited journal must go through a peer-reviewed process and sometimes requires a fee. The preprint server is a media archive for the distribution and distribution of articles that are available free of charge, enabling rapid distribution and use. Currently, there are many preprint servers available which are also recognized by peer-reviewed journals such as Arvix, Academia, Researchgate, OSF and in Indonesia itself there are INA-Rxiv servers. This article aims to explain the use of the preprint server as a publication media for scientific work among academics. The research method used is survey research on all academics in Indonesia. The results of the study showed that 42% of academics did not recognize the preprint server, 58% did not understand the function of the preprint server as a media publication that was fast, extensive, minimal in cost, accessible to the whole world and had DOI. They think the articles that have been published in the preprint can no longer be proposed to be published to an accredited journal. Ignorance causes its user to be very minimal, with only 24% of all academics filling out the questionnaire. The majority prefer to look directly for accredited journals without considering the time and cost required until the article is published.
An Analysis of Students’ Mathematical Problem Solving Skill in Completing Multiplication and Division of Fractions
Authors: Marwati A M , Mas’ud B
Published: February 2021

The mathematical ability and mathematical problem solving skill can be separated in learning mathematics. In the fourth industrial revolution, one of learning objectives of learning mathematics is the student has a skill in solving mathematical problem. Meanwhile, mathematical problem solving skill can be obtained if the students’ mathematical concept understanding is high including multiplication and division of fractions. They stated that understanding fraction concept was very difficult. This study aimed to analyze the student mathematical problem solving skill of the tenth grade of Junior High School in completing multiplication and division of fractions. This research had 8 informants. Data was collected using interview and test and applied qualitative and quantitative analysis. The initial data was obtained from elementary school with three categories of mathematical ability level, namely (1) one student had high skill, two students had moderate skill and one student had low skill. The indicator of mathematical problem solving was based on George Polya (1983) consisting of four steps, they are (1) understanding problem, (2) planning a problem, (3) completing the problem, and (4) rechecking the result. The research result indicated that the student mathematical problem student was low, especially the problem solving of fraction division and multiplication. The student was difficult to make a solving plan. This situation effected on problem solving caused by the indistinctness of problem solving plan or mathematical model and/or mathematical formula about verbal sentence of mathematical problem solving. The result of interview described that the teacher did not explain the ways of completing mathematical problem solving based on G.Polya’s steps. In addition, the students were less practice in completing the problem solving questions. Besides, the teacher did not integrate the objectives of basic competence 3 and 4 in each meeting.
Mangrove Changes in Pannikiang Island Barru Regency South Sulawesi
Authors: Jaelani  , Malik A , Djalil A R
Published: February 2021

Mangroves play an important role in coastal community livelihoods of South Sulawesi. However, due to excessive and unsustainable use, mangroves experience degradation and deforestation in the past two decades. This study aims to detect mangrove extents, densities, and distributions changes during the periods 1997, 2007, and 2018 in Pannikiang Island, Barru Regency. We used three Landsat satellite imageries with acquisition 1997, 2007, and 2018 and implemented the multispectral classification and NDVI transformation methods, and the results were tested by ground truth. The results showed mangrove extents in 1997, 2007, and 2018 were 94.83 ha, 92.07 ha, and 91.64 ha, respectively. During these periods, mangroves decrease by 3.19 ha or an annual average of 0.15 ha. The decrease is caused by the expansion of settlements and aquaculture ponds. In 1997, the mangroves high-density class about 61.74 ha, moderate-density 14.19 ha, and low-density of 18.6 ha. In 2007, the high and low-density classes decreased to 54.53 ha and 12.29 ha, while the moderate-density increase to 25.35 ha. Finally, in 2018, the high-density class continues to decline by 43.36 ha, while for the low and moderate classes increases 15.34 ha and 32.67 ha, respectively, compared to the previous decade.
Mangrove Forest Management Strategy as A Sustainable Production Forest Area in Luwu District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Arfan A , Maru R , Side S , Abidin M R , Sideng U
Published: February 2021

The study was conducted at the coast of Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi to determine the strategy of managing mangrove forests as production forest areas. Data collected in this study are primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected from informants and respondents through direct interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and field observation while Proportionate stratified random sampling was used. Interpretation of Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery utilized to determine the distribution and extent of mangrove forest areas on the coast of Luwu Regency. SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunity, Threats) analysis are used to identify the internal and external factor. The results shown that the alternative strategy used is an aggressive strategy which is to take advantage of opportunities in achieving profitable opportunities by developing the potential of sustainable and economically valuable mangrove forest resources through eco-friendly cultivation and capture businesses, increasing the role of NGOs to increase knowledge and awareness community management of mangroves, developing the potential of mangrove forests as an ecotourism area, community empowerment through fishermen/farmers groups to create a household scale industry based on mangrove resources.
Characteristics of Disaster Mitigation Training Model in South Sulawesi
Authors: Daud F , Adnan  , Bahri A , Arifin A N , Pratiwi A C
Published: February 2021

The objective of this research is to assess the characteristics of a Disaster Mitigation Training Model in South Sulawesi. A Disaster Mitigation Training Model has been developed by researchers and has been subjected to content validity assessment by two validators. The model development is carried out to produce a disaster mitigation training in South Sulawesi which is suitable with disaster characteristics in South Sulawesi. Thus, it can serve as an answer to the need of target community on an efficient and effective disaster mitigation training. The characteristics of Disaster Mitigation Training Model discussed in this study including the syntax, principle of reaction, social system, supporting system, instructional impact, and companion impact.
Design considerations for a new generation of SiPMs with unprecedented timing resolution
Authors: Enoch S. , Gola A. , Lecoq P. , Rivetti A.
Published: February 2021

The potential of photon detectors to achieve precise timing information is of increasing importance in many domains, PET and CT scanners in medical imaging and particle physics detectors, amongst others. The goal to increase by an order of magnitude the sensitivity of PET scanners and to deliver, via time-of-flight (TOF), true space points for each event, as well as the constraints set by future particle accelerators require a further leap in time resolution of scintillator-based ionizing radiation detectors, reaching eventually a few picoseconds resolution for sub MeV energy deposits. In spite of the impressive progress made in the last decade by several manufacturers, the Single Photon Time Resolution (SPTR) of SiPMs is still in the range of 70–120 ps FWHM, whereas a value of 10 ps or even less would be desirable. Such a step requires a break with traditional methods and the development of novel technologies. The possibility of combining the extraordinary potential of nanophotonics with new approaches offered by modern microelectronics and 3D electronic integration opens novel perspectives for the development of a new generation of metamaterial-based SiPMs with unprecedented photodetection efficiency and timing resolution.
Cyclo olefin polymer-based solvent-free mass-productive microphysiological systems
Authors: Yamanaka Makoto , Wen Xiaopeng , Imamura Satoshi , Sakai Risako , Terada Shiho , Kamei Ken-ichiro
Published: February 2021

A microphysiological system (MPS) holds great promise for drug screening and toxicological testing as an alternative to animal models. However, this platform faces several challenges in terms of the materials used (e.g. polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS). For instance, absorption of drug candidates and fluorescent dyes into PDMS, as well as the effect elicited by materials on cultured cells, can cause inaccurate or misleading results in cell assays. The use of PDMS also poses challenges for mass production and long-term storage of fabricated MPSs. Hence, to circumvent these issues, herein we describe the development of a cyclo olefin polymer (COP)-based MPS using photobonding processes and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), designated as COP-VUV-MPS. COP is an amorphous polymer with chemical/physical stability, high purity and optical clarity. Due to the thermostability and high modulus of COP, the metal molding processes was applied for mass production of MPSs without deformation of microstructures and with quick fabrication cycle time (approx. 10 min/cycle). Moreover, VUV photobonding process with an excimer light at a 172nm wavelength allowed assembling COP materials without the use of additional solvents and tapes, which might cause cell damages. In comparison with the conventional MPS made of PDMS (PDMS-MPS), COP-VUV-MPS showed improved chemical resistance without causing molecule absorption. Moreover, COP-VUV-MPS maintained the stemness of environmentally sensitive human-induced pluripotent stem cells without causing undesired cellular phenotypes or gene expression. These results suggest that COP-VUV-MPS may be broadly applicable for the advancement of MPS and applications in drug development, as well as in vitro toxicological testing.
Monte Carlo methods for numerical simulations of the Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor
Authors: Oettingen M , Stanisz P
Published: February 2021

Closed nuclear fuel cycle is one of the most promising options for the efficient use of nuclear energy resources with full recycling of long-lived transuranic elements. However, it can be implemented only in fast breeder reactors of Generation IV. The paper shows our methodology applied in the analysis of the lead-cooled fast reactor equilibrium fuel cycle using the Continuous Energy Monte Carlo Burnup Code – MCB. The implementation of novel modules for nuclear transmutation trajectory folding allows us to trace the life cycle of crucial minor actinides from the beginning of the reactor’s life towards the state of adiabatic equilibrium. Changes in the mass contribution to gateway isotopes 242Pu, 243Am and 244Cm during 124.2 years were considered in the study. Numerical demonstration was performed for the reactor core designed within the European Lead-cooled System (ELSY) project and redefined in the follow-up Lead-cooled European Advanced Demonstration Reactor (LEADER) project.
The Light-On Project: Design and Construction of a Sun-Tracking System Using Image Processing
Authors: Stinia H , Kukliński K , Jaiswal A , Fadnavis R , Meshram Sushmit , Dhote N , Gadge G , Dudek M , Raźniak A
Published: February 2021

Solar energy is one of the fastest growing energy industries around the world. One of the main problems faced by PV installations is the diversity of solar energy supply during the day. To increase the efficiency of providing this energy, use solar tracking - A solar tracking system is a specific device intended to move the PV modules in such a way that they continuously face the sun with the aim of maximizing the irradiation received by the PV array. The use of such a solution always increases efficiency, regardless of location. This is crucial in the case of India, which increased its energy production from solar panels by 8 times in 4 years. In this article we present the results of joint work of students from Poland and India. Based on the work, they designed and constructed a solar tracking system based uniquely on image processing. Instead of the most common photoresistors, to determine the position of the sun in the sky, the image from the camera was used, which was then subjected to appropriate filtration to quickly and efficiently determine the brightest point of the image - assuming that this is the position of the sun. Then, based on the coordinates of the brightest point, servo motors position the panel at the right angle, perpendicular to the sun, on the vertical and horizontal axis. The control unit is Raspberry Pi Zero, to which both the servos and the camera are connected. Research in laboratory conditions, under artificial light, confirmed the correct operation of the system. The system should be able to follow the sun also under various weather conditions which are occurring in Nagpur where system is located. It can be used in practical application and operate in real time.
Impact of urban, suburban and industrial background on air pollution levels of dust substances in North-Eastern part of Krakow (Poland)
Authors: Oleniacz R , Gorzelnik T , Bogacki M
Published: February 2021

Air pollution in urban-industrial areas is caused by simultaneous impact of many factors, including different types of emission sources. Ambient air quality in Krakow is a crucial problem regarding the regularly occurring exceedances of limit values of particulate matter and some of its chemical compounds. This paper presents quantification of urban, suburban and industrial background of dust substances concentrations that are present in the industrialized area, located in the vicinity of scattered household and road traffic emission sources. There were included the concentrations of such substances as: particulate matter (PM10), benzo(a)pyrene, arsenic, cadmium, lead and nickel. The impact of daytime and season of the year (especially heating and non-heating season) on variability of air pollutant concentrations was examined. In order to distinguish between local and inflow background of air pollutants the additional meteorological data concerning wind speed and direction was considered. The performed analyses included application of statistical methods, among others principal component analysis (PCA). Some of the results were visualized via R programming environment, providing tools for air pollution data processing (openair package). The backward trajectories modelling using HYSPLIT model, allowed the validation of wind direction analyses. The conducted research revealed the strong dependence of air pollution background type influencing the measurement results on instantaneous wind direction.
The evaluation of NOx emissions in RDE tests including dynamic driving conditions
Authors: Kurtyka K , Pielecha J , Merkisz J
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, one of the most critical roles of both legislators and society itself is to look after the future of our environment. There are many reasons for the deterioration of air quality. Unfortunately, pollution from the automotive sector is still widely regarded as one of them. For this reason, the European Commission has been improving testing procedures for years, including more and more advanced measurement capabilities and extending testing to include further exhaust gas compounds. The object of the article is to assess the actual emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from two passenger cars equipped with gasoline engines. The authors carried out the tests according to the guidelines of the Real Driving Emissions (RDE) test procedure with the use of PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurements System) mobile measuring equipment. The influence of dynamic conditions (such as vehicle speed, acceleration and product of vehicle speed and acceleration) during the tests on NOx emissions was determined and the areas in which this relation was the most visible were estimated.
Impact of reduction of CO2 emissions in the households and tertiary sector on PM2.5 concentration and human health
Authors: Zyśk J , Wyrwa A , Suwała W , Pluta M , Olkuski T
Published: February 2021

Significant efforts are being made in the world to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In the households and tertiary sectors, where energy is mainly used for heating, one should also expect a shift away from fossil fuels (including natural gas) to renewables. In the REFLEX project the energy and emission scenarios were developed for various sectors with the use of ASTRA, ELTRAMOD, TIMES-HEAT-EU and FORECAST models for analysing the longterm situation up to 2050. The paper presents the results of the evaluation of air quality and health impacts associated with direct emissions of air pollutants from households and tertiary sector based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework. Ambient concentration of air pollutants in Europe was calculated with the use of Polyphemus Air Quality System. Health impacts were estimated based on the concentration-response functions for PM2.5, which is responsible for the most significant impacts to human health. The study shows that according to analysed scenarios, particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) emissions from residential and tertiary sectors in Europe will decrease by 30 times untill 2050 compared to 2015. These emission reductions lead to improvement of the air quality. The largest reduction in PM2.5 ambient concentrations is observed over Poland. Consequently, it is expected that in 2050 the negative impact of air pollution on human health as well the associated external costs will be reduced in EU-28.
Influence of Addition of Glass Fibre on Concrete
Authors: Pannirselvam N , Manivel S
Published: February 2021

Fibres used to develop high performance concrete. Fibres such as glass, carbon, polypropylene and aramid fibres need to be improved in view of global sustainable development. Long term durability is achieved with the development of a high alkaline resistance fibre dispersion. This system was called reinforced concrete with glass fibre alkali resistance. To decide compressive and split rigidity, modulus of elasticity, modulus of crack and quick chloride penetrability tests for concrete grade M20 and M30 with and without fluctuating level of glass strands. The specimens were cast and tested at 28 days. The percentage of addition of glass fibres marginally increased the strength of compressive, flexural, split tensile for M20 and M30 grades of concrete when specimens tested at 28 days. A reduction in bleeding and permeability is also observed.
Soil Stabilization Techniques for Roads on Expansive Soils and Loose Sand
Authors: Kanagarathinam L , Anburaja D , Sudharson G , Keerthana P , Karpoorajothi S
Published: February 2021

There are various techniques to stabilize soil which changes in volume due to vibration. Structural foundation in regions with expansive soil or loosely filled soil have to be laid after stabilizing such soils or by adopting the depth of foundation below the zone of movement. The tunneling induced vibration or alternative swelling and shrinking of soil due to seasonal change or change in ground water table level, causes movement of soil. This movement of soil result in additional stresses on the foundation, if the foundation depth is within this zone of movement. Normally, this zone of movement will be 1.5 to 2m below ground level. In some cases, this zone of movement may extend up to 5 to 6m. In this paper we have reviewed the various methods of stabilizing the expansive soil and loosely filled soil, especially the soil subgrade below the roads. Moreover, tunneling induced vibration due to underground metro rail construction also affects the soil behavior which in turn affects roads and nearby structures. Hence we have studied the effect of vibration on sandy soil by conducting laboratory experiments in the vibration table . The experimental result showed that the sandy soil settled more due to vibration when compared to the soil stabilized with gravel column. Addition of geomaterials such as gravel/stone in the form of column reduced the settlement level of loosely packed sand. Hence installing stone columns in soil is a better method to reduce settlement due to vibration that are produced during tunneling operations. Stone columns also prevents pore water pressure that builds up during earthquake vibration.