bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Registro de los trabajadores en el Régimen Obligatorio del Seguro Social con un salario inferior al real
Authors:   Universidad Virtual del Estado de Guanajuato, México, Tavera Flor
Published: February 2025

Las prestaciones económicas a que tiene derecho un trabajador a través de la seguridad social se menoscaban cuando un patrón lo registra ante el Instituto Mexicano de Seguridad Social con un salario inferior al real, lo que además de ser una práctica ilegal que puede tener consecuencias pecuniarias para el patrón, representa para éste un supuesto ahorro logrado de manera artificial. En esta investigación se realiza un estudio exploratorio de 344 trabajadores cuyos patrones los tienen registrados con un salario más bajo que el real, se cuantifica el ahorro que esto genera y se compara con el Impuesto sobre la Renta pagado en exceso al no poder deducir el salario real. El principal hallazgo de esta investigación es que en la totalidad de los casos analizados la relación costo beneficio fue inferior a 1, verificando, a través de la prueba de hipótesis no paramétrica “prueba del signo de una sola muestra” la hipótesis de investigación: “el ahorro en las cuotas de seguridad social por registrar a los trabajadores con salarios inferiores al real es menor al impuesto sobre la renta que se genera en exceso a cargo del patrón por no deducir el salario completo de los trabajadores”.
Entorno del ecosistema fintech y criptomonedas en Colombia: desafíos y oportunidades en su regulación
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara/Jalisco/México, Claire Torres Ingrid Georgina , Barocio Torres Ana Isabel ,   Universidad de Guadalajara/Jalisco/México, Galvez Rodriguez Ingrid Paola ,   Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga
Published: February 2025

Esta investigación se basa en los efectos del ecosistema Fintech y las criptomonedas en Colombia, enfocándose en los desafíos y oportunidades regulatorias. Se emplea una metodología mixta, que mezcla los enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos, con la cual se busca identificar los desafíos regulatorios que enfrentan estas tecnologías y como influyen en la adopción en el país. Asi mismo, aborda la escasez que existe en la regulación de las criptomonedas, lo que ocasiona un ambiente de desasosiego que llega a disuadir a los inversionistas y afligir el panorama de protección al consumidor. Se resalta la importancia de la creación de un marco regulatorio coherente y eficiente que impulse la innovación, proteja al consumidor y fomente la inclusión financiera de manera responsable. Los resultados obtenidos, señalan que si bien Colombia ha tenido un progreso significativo en la normativa de estas tecnologías, perduran cierto desafíos tales como la desigualdad en el acceso tecnológico y educativo, la fragmentación de un marco normativo y la inestabilidad en la seguridad de datos; que se vuelven cruciales y que no permiten un ambiente equilibrado y sostenible en el ecosistema financiero colombiano
An Empirical Study on the Construction of A Non-Convex Risk Parity Portfolio Using A Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Kusumawati Rosita , Rosadi Dedi , Abdurakhman
Published: February 2025

Risk-based portfolio optimization has become increasingly crucial due to the limitations and underperformance of traditional Mean-Variance (MV) portfolios. In the context of the Risk Parity (RP) portfolio, capital is allocated in such a way that each asset contributes equally to the overall risk of the portfolio. However, optimizing a non-convex RP portfolio presents significant challenges. While conventional numerical methods can be applied, they often struggle with inefficiency and fail to deliver optimal results. This study addresses these challenges by proposing the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and comparing its effectiveness against Successive Convex for RIsk Parity (SCRIP) to solve the non-convex RP portfolio. Using stock price data from companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), we demonstrate that the GA, although yielding a solution that slightly deviates from the ideal equal-risk-contribution, offers a more efficient and practical approach than SCRIP. Notably, the RP portfolio outperforms both the Equal Weight (EW) and Global Minimum Variance (GMV) portfolios in terms of lower Value at Risk (VaR) and Turnover (TO) ratios. This research contributes to the field by showcasing the GA as a viable tool for overcoming the limitations of traditional optimization methods, particularly in addressing the complexities of non-convex RP portfolios while considering practical investment constraints.
NON-STATE ACTORS AND ELECTION MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN NIGERIA: ISSUES AND WAY FORWARD
Authors: Alfakoro Abubakar S. Yushau , Kolawole Ayodele , Salawu Ibrahim  O.
Published: February 2025

Elections are a fundamental principle in any democratic setting. Notwithstanding, the electoral management process in Nigeria has been blighted with several anomalies and conspiracies. To strengthen the election management process, the roles of the non-state players seem essential in realizing these purposes. The primary objective of this study is to identify the institutional and legal framework available for non-state actor involvement in the election administration process in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic using the case study approach to probe into the operations of the Youth Initiative for Advocacy, Growth, and Advancement (YIAGA-Africa). This study adopted the primary and secondary research methods while the research design was qualitative. Primary data were obtained directly through the interviews, while journals, articles, textbooks, periodicals, and the internet formed the secondary basis. The total population for this study was one hundred and forty-seven (147) purposively sampled respondents. The qualitative data results were presented in thematic forms. The study revealed that, indeed, there exists a legal and institutional framework for non-state actors’ involvement in the election management process in Nigeria; however, this remains deficient as a palpable imbalance pervades the legal framework. The study recommends that the National Assembly work out modalities, make new laws, and address misconceptions in the institutional and legal framework for non-state actors to give them a smoother operational environment in the election management process.
The Broken Golden Egg of the Galapagos: Mistrust and short sightedness in the UNESCO World Heritage Site
Authors: Varga Peter , Muñoz-Barriga Andrea
Published: February 2025

The Galapagos Islands, known as a leading sustainable tourism destination in the world, was hit by the COVID pandemic in 2020. Tourism numbers fell by 73% from 2019 causing tremendous challenges to local tourism stakeholders. The study revealed that the UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite its excellence in the management of environmental sustainability, has been falling short concerning social and economic sustainability of local tourism stakeholders. Through an exploratory study with 586 completed semi-structured surveys in the local population, alongside interviews with diverse stakeholders and leading tourism authorities, the article explains what social and economic impacts and challenges the pandemic has generated in the local tourism sector. Additionally, the study also elucidates, on the one hand, what sociocultural modifications the studied stakeholders needed to adopt to survive during this unprecedented period in tourism history, and, on the other hand, what tourism authorities propose to revitalize tourism in the post-COVID period.

Keywords:

Galapagos Islands; tourism; sustainability; impact of pandemic; stakeholders’ perception
Prevención del consumo de sustancias a través de la capacitación de lideres comunitarios
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Kalina Isela , Ojeda-Aguilar Yancarlo Lizandro
Published: February 2025

El consumo de sustancias es un tema relevante debido a las consecuencias negativas generadas para los usuarios y para la sociedad. Se estima que, aproximadamente solo el 1% del personal de salud presta servicios de salud mental. Esto demuestra la necesidad de capacitar personal no especializado que atienda un sector de la población desprotegido. El objetivo del estudio fue implementar un taller con lideres comunitarios que tienen contacto con adolescentes que presentan consumo. Consistió en tres sesiones en las que se capacitó en promoción de la salud, prevención de adicciones y la aplicación de un programa de intervención. Se realizaron dos mediciones pre-test y dos post-test. La primera consistió en el registro observacional de las habilidades de intervención de los lideres, la segunda, en el uso de cuestionarios para medir el nivel de conocimiento. El taller fue efectivo para generar habilidades de intervención y aumentar el nivel de conocimiento.
Remineralización del esmalte en dientes primarios con dos materiales fluorados: Enjuague oral vs barniz. Estudio in vitro
Authors: Maldonado-Ramírez Mario Alberto , Barreto-Orta Yadira , Trejo-Tejeda Sergio Eymar , Luna-Domínguez Jorge Humberto , Hernández-Issasi Hilda , Reyes-Flores Ricardo
Published: February 2025

El flúor es un material eficaz en la prevención de la caries dental, sin embargo, la búsqueda del protocolo ideal para remineralizar una lesión incipiente aún es motivo de controversia. Objetivo: Evaluar la remineralización In vitro del esmalte en dientes primarios con Enjuague oral vs Barniz. Materiales y métodos: Estudio experimental In vitro, 40 dientes primarios sanos se dividieron en dos grupos control (Negativo y positivo) y dos grupos experimentales (10 cada uno) el grupo control positivo y los dos experimentales con esmalte desmineralizado, los grupos experimentales se expusieron al efecto remineralizante de dos productos fluorados: Enjuague Bucal vs Barniz. La profundidad de la lesión se evidenció con nitrato de plata al 50%. Resultados: El grupo del enjuague bucal fue más consistente en el efecto remineralizante con un tamaño del efecto de 0.43 Desviaciones Estándar, con respecto al barniz.
Efectos ambientales en el aire, agua y suelo de los residuos sólidos urbanos de un relleno sanitario del Estado de México
Authors: Dávila-Samano Alma Regina , Castillo-Suárez Luis Antonio , Linares-Hernández Ivonne , García-Colindres Miriam Aidé , Martínez-Miranda Verónica
Published: February 2025

En México, la mayoría de los municipios depositan sus residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) en sitios no controlados o rellenos sanitarios (RS); por lo tanto, existe la necesidad de mejorar sus condiciones y conocer el impacto existente en el aire, agua y suelo. Se realizó la caracterización elemental del lixiviado, suelo y agua. Además, se caracterizó fisicoquímica y microbiológicamente una muestra de agua de pozo cercana al RS (1.5 km) y del lixiviado. Se analizó la calidad del aire y las condiciones del clima. Los lixiviados presentan una alta carga orgánica, materia nitrogenada y cloruros, y un bajo índice de biodegradabilidad DBO/DQO de 0.18. La concentración de los contaminantes del aire se encuentra dentro de los límites permisibles debido a que es una zona abierta y la velocidad del viento favorece la dispersión de estos. Los metales provenientes de los lixiviados son retenidos en el suelo evitando su migración ...
Variables de influencia directa e indirecta en la fabricación de muebles de madera artesanales: Un estudio referente en México
Authors: García-Santamaría Luis Enrique , Ruvalcaba-Sánchez Loecelia , Martínez-Mendoza Eduardo , Fernández-Echeverría Eduardo , Luna-Fernández Brenda Edith
Published: February 2025

La industria artesanal del mueble de madera desempeña un papel importante en las economías de baja escala, como en Misantla, México, donde participan al menos 600 familias. Comprender la dinámica y las variables que influyen en la productividad y competitividad en este sector es crucial para su desarrollo. Este estudio utilizó la herramienta MICMAC® para comprender las interrelaciones y el impacto de las variables clave en la industria artesanal del mueble de madera en Misantla. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica y encuestas a 50 carpinteros locales, se identificaron 12 variables operativas esenciales, como el precio, la calidad del trabajo, la responsabilidad y la innovación. Los resultados revelan que la capacidad de proceso, el precio y la calidad de la materia prima son determinantes. Se proporciona información valiosa para carpinteros, académicos y profesionales interesados en este sector, se ofrecen directrices para enfrentar los retos de competitividad y promover su crecimiento sostenible.
Contribución del programa Sembrando Vida en la reducción de la pobreza en México
Authors: Tapia-Alba Juan Agustín , Chiatchoua Cesaire
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la contribución de la aplicación del programa Sembrando Vida en México en la reducción de la pobreza en la población beneficiada mediante informes de Cuenta Pública, Gasto por Categoría Programática del Gobierno Federal de 2019 hasta 2022 con la finalidad de generar propuestas. Se empleó una metodología con enfoque cuantitativo, analítico, de tipo descriptivo y con fuente secundaria. Los resultados muestran que para 2021, se atendieron a 450 mil personas quienes sembraron más de 743 millones de árboles, 61%, de los 1,188 millones de árboles que se espera sembrar a lo largo del sexenio que culmina en 2024. El programa ha beneficiado, de forma directa, a cerca de 2 millones de personas si consideramos que el número de beneficiados alcanza casi el medio millón de productores agrícolas...
Marcación doble de objeto indirecto en español aguascalentense virreinal
Authors: Sanz-Martin Blanca Elena , García-Ventura José Alberto
Published: February 2025

En el presente artículo, analizamos la doble marcación del objeto indirecto, fenómeno sintáctico distintivo del español frente a otras lenguas romances, con base en datos diacrónicos-diatópicos de la lengua; es decir, datos provenientes de otros siglos y de diversas regiones del mundo hispano, con énfasis en datos del español aguascalentense virreinal. La razón de estudiar distintas variedades de diversas naturalezas es indagar en las razones semántico-funcionales detrás de la doble marcación de esta función sintáctica en español, hecho que nos permite sugerir que la variante aguascalentense virreinal fue mucho más dinámica e innovadora que otras variantes coloniales en lo que hoy es México. En ese sentido, no solo analizamos el fenómeno desde la sintaxis, sino también desde la semántica y la lingüística variacionista.
Estrategia didáctica para promover competencias ciudadanas en la primera infancia
Authors: Buitrago-Bejarano Diana Carolina , Osorio-Vargas Luz Adriana , Forero-Peña Jenny Maritza , Gutiérrez-González Carlos
Published: February 2025

El propósito con este documento de trabajo es ofrecer, a los profesores de instituciones educativas de la primera infancia, una herramienta didáctica para promover las competencias ciudadanas en los niños entre los 5 y 7 años. Para lograrlo, se acude a la estrategia del Eduentretenimiento, la cual permite, a partir de contenidos mediáticos, trabajar en objetivos que promuevan un cambio social. En este caso, la estrategia planteada se fundamenta a partir de la serie animada infantil Guillermina y Candelario. Con este contenido, se diseñaron cinco sesiones de trabajo de una hora, a desarrollar una vez por semana. Cada sesión está orientada a reforzar el cambio en tres acciones que se dificultan en los menores: la conducta, el socializar y el compartir; las cuales fueron identificadas mediante una observación no participante en tres instituciones educativas de Colombia. Una vez ejecutadas las actividades, se evidenció que los niños y niñas se divierten con estrategias novedosas lo que facilita el proceso de aprendizaje. Sin embargo, es conveniente continuar con el proceso para reforzar los conocimientos, en especial, con la repetición de acciones positivas por parte de los menores. Finalmente, se espera que este documento sirva de inspiración para que los docentes se apropien de este tipo de iniciativas y formulen sus propias estrategias didácticas mediante la implementación de contenidos audiovisuales.
An Investigation into the Origins of Pulse-Induced Energy Gains in Electrochemical Systems
Authors:   Kerrowenergetics.org.uk, Cornwall, UK, Andrew Perry Julian
Published: February 2025

In an earlier study, inductive pulse charging (IPC), using solenoid generated high voltage transients, also known as flyback or
kickback pulses, have been shown to induce energy gains in Lead acid and LiFePO4
batteries, when using specific operational
parameters, but with no clear indication as to the source of the additional energy. While there are presently no widely accepted
theories or models regarding the energetic pathways and processes involved, it is proposed that there are only two viable
possibilities for the source of the observed energy gains, as distinct from the actual mechanisms involved. The energy influx
either derives from an internal response of the electrochemistry to high voltage electrostatic pulses, whereby enthalpic energy
is released from the electrochemistry and serves as a form of ‘fuel’, or the energy influx derives from the local environment by
as yet unrecognised processes and pathways. Here the battery is considered to function as part of a thermodynamically open
system in the presence of ‘far from equilibrium’ events, such as those triggered by high voltage pulses.
This follow-up study, undertaken again within the Open Science Framework (OSF), sets out to test the proposed hypothesis,
that internal enthalpy is the source of any pulse-induced energy influx, by looking at evidence from three main areas. Firstly,
the effect of pulses on capacitors, they being devoid of any functional electrochemistry, secondly, through thermodynamic
analysis and bench testing of battery capacities in conjunction with a ‘chemical deficit model’, and thirdly, by looking at
records of battery pulse and cyclic histories to identify any long-term effects on capacity. The results, in particular the
correlation between predicted and measured battery capacities with both cell chemistries, together with their pulse histories,
have clearly shown that the null hypothesis of an enthalpy source must be rejected in favour of the alternative, an external
source and where the battery and the local environment comprise a thermodynamically open system.
Consideration is also given to the possible implications of these findings for classical and quantum electrodynamic theory
and how the integration of ‘non-linear’ and ‘far from equilibrium’ states might be seen as further evidence of the need for
an extended and more complete model that includes interaction with the environment and otherwise anomalous phenomena.
Cancer statistics for African American and Black people, 2025
Authors: Saka Anatu H. , Giaquinto Angela N. , McCullough Lauren E. , Tossas Katherine Y. , Star Jessica , Jemal Ahmedin , Siegel Rebecca L.
Published: February 2025

African American and other Black individuals (referred to as Black people in this article) have a disproportionate cancer burden, including the lowest survival of any racial or ethnic group for most cancers. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths for Black people in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence (herein through 2021), mortality (through 2022), survival, screening, and risk factors using population‐based data from the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2025, there will be approximately 248,470 new cancer cases and 73,240 cancer deaths among Black people in the United States. Black men have experienced the largest relative decline in cancer mortality from 1991 to 2022 overall (49%) and in almost every 10‐year age group, by as much as 65%–67% in the group aged 40–59 years. This progress largely reflects historical reductions in smoking initiation among Black teens, advances in treatment, and earlier detections for some cancers. Nevertheless, during the most recent 5 years, Black men had 16% higher mortality than White men despite just 4% higher incidence, and Black women had 10% higher mortality than White women despite 9% lower incidence. Larger inequalities for mortality than for incidence reflect two‐fold higher death rates for prostate, uterine corpus, and stomach cancers and for myeloma, and 40%–50% higher rates for colorectal, breast, cervical, and liver cancers. The causes of ongoing disparities are multifactorial, but largely stem from inequalities in the social determinants of health that trace back to structural racism. Increasing diversity in clinical trials, enhancing provider education, and implementing financial incentives to ensure equitable care across the cancer care continuum would help close these gaps.
Immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity: mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and management strategies
Authors: Beyar-Katz Ofrat , Rejeski Kai , Shouval Roni
Published: February 2025

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has transformed the treatment landscape for hematologic malignancies. However, it is frequently complicated by immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity (ICAHT), a potentially life-threatening adverse event encompassing neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. These cytopenias elevate the risk of severe infections, transfusion dependence, and prolonged hospital stays, contributing substantially to morbidity and non-relapse mortality. This review delineates the incidence, mechanisms, and risk factors for ICAHT, highlighting the complex interplay between disease burden, patient immune status, and CAR-T product features. Standardized grading systems, based on the depth and duration of neutropenia, have improved ICAHT classification and enabled more consistent risk stratification. Current prophylactic and therapeutic strategies ranging from growth factor administration to hematopoietic stem cell boosts for refractory cases are discussed, emphasizing tailored approaches to mitigate severe and prolonged hematotoxicity. These management strategies highlight the need for targeted interventions to prevent ICAHT without compromising CAR-T efficacy. As CAR-T therapy broadens to new indications, optimized ICAHT management could enhance patient outcomes, reduce healthcare utilization, and increase therapy accessibility.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia often arises by a multiclonal selection process
Authors: Bagnara Davide , Mazzarello Andrea N , Cardente Niccolò , Vergani Stefano , Kasar Siddha , Fernandes Stacey , Ferrer Gerardo , Ghiotto Fabio , Barrientos Jacqueline C , Kolitz Jonathan E , Rai Kanti R , Alen Steven L , Colombo Monica , Fais Franco , Brown Jennifer R , Ferrarini Manlio , Chiorazzi Nicholas
Published: February 2025

Although chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is diagnosed by identifying a circulating B-cell clone that exceeds 5x106/μL, additional distinct clones (ADC) have been identified in various studies. Notably, the numbers of ADC documented in these studies has increased as the various technologies evolved. To better define the frequency and the characteristics of ADCs in CLL, we used a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform that affords high sequencing depth along with steps that limit overcounting to analyze IGHV-IGHD-IGHJ gene rearrangements in circulating CD5+ B cells from 57 patients. Notably, all patients had at least one ADC, in addition to the clinically relevant clone (CRC)., in 46 patients for whom lymphocyte count data were available, 44 had at least one ADC above the threshold of 1 B cell/μL, and remarkably, the average number of ADCs was 12 per patient. Notably, in two patients, the predominant ADC (pADC) qualified clinically as a separate CLL clone and in the in the remaining cases as low/high-count monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) clones. Moreover, in 11 patients studied longitudinally, pADCs were persistent and often increased in number. ADCs in patients with CLL exhibited fourfold more stereotyped IGHV-IGHD-IGH rearrangements than found in CD5+ B cells from healthy individuals, and IGHV use, somatic mutations, and Ig isotype distribution was similar between pADCs and CRCs. Thus, finding multiple expanded clones within the CD5+ B cells is the rule in patients with CLL, indicating that leukemogenesis is a multiclonal process that likely involves competition among B cells with special BCR features.
Analysis of Possibility of Using an Algorithm for Correcting Metal Artifacts in CT-Images for Radiation Therapy Planning
Authors:   Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies, Moscow, Russia, Petraikin A.V. , Baulin А.А. ,   Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies, Moscow, Russia, Vasilev Y.A. ,   Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies, Moscow, Russia, Artyukova Z.R. ,   Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies, Moscow, Russia, Smorchkova A.K. ,   Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies, Moscow, Russia, Semenov D.S. ,   Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies, Moscow, Russia, Alihanov A.A. ,   N.I. Pirogov RNIMU, Moscow, Russia, Erizhokov R.A. ,   Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies, Moscow, Russia, Omelyanskaya O.V. ,   Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2025

Purpose: To quantitatively evaluate reconstruction software algorithms in combination with algorithm O-MAR for correcting metal artifacts in CT-images and explore the potential of using O-MAR for radiation therapy planning tasks.

Material and methods: A quantitative assessment of the O-MAR algorithm on CT scans of a 20 cm diameter cylindrical phantom with a hip joint implant in the center was performed. Test tubes with different concentrations of potassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HO4×3H2O) were placed around the implant. The evaluation parameters used standard deviation (SD) of the region of interest (ROI) density in HU units and the calculation of the degree of susceptibility to artifacts (P).The calculation of absorbed dose in the phantom was performed on the Eclipse 17.0 planning station, using the AAA (Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm) calculation algorithm.

Results: Calculations of the degree of artifact susceptibility showed that the minimum mean noise value was observed for the iMR series in combination with O-MAR (31.6 ± 45.5 HU) and the maximum for FBP (16) without O-MAR (77.0 ± 31.1 HU). As a result of comparison of CT studies with/without O-MAR, the average calculated difference in absorbed dose for all control points is 0.33±1.68 % and 0.42±1.38 % in the presence of implant for FBP and iMR modes, respectively. However, for both modes the difference was 3.22 % for the artifact zone (dark spot).

Conclusion: It is shown that the use of the O-MAR algorithm reduces the distorted values of X-ray density that arose as a result of the presence of an implant in CT studies. The calculation of the absorbed dose for the artifact zone (dark spot) shows a decrease in the uncertainty of the dose calculation in O-MAR-corrected studies.
Seasickness Simulator to Assess Anti-Motion Sickness Devices
Authors: de Thierry de Faletans Camille , Misericordia Maxime , Vallier Jean-Marc , Duché Pascale , Watelain Eric
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION: There are various motion sickness (MS) simulators in the laboratory, but the conditions under which they induce MS symptoms are different from real-life conditions. This study aimed to design a seasickness simulator, close to ecological conditions, easy to set up, at a modest cost, and capable of rapidly inducing MS symptoms, to evaluate the effect of anti-motion sickness devices. The hypothesis was that this simulator would induce MS, reflecting the susceptibility of subjects in real-life conditions, meaning the more susceptible individuals were to MS in real conditions, the more severe and rapid their symptoms would be in the simulator.

METHODS: A total of 65 subjects with varying degrees of MS susceptibility (MS Susceptibility Questionnaire Short form) were exposed to a seasickness simulator for a maximum of 10 min. Measurements of subjective symptoms (Visual Analog Scale and time to onset of first symptoms) and physiological variables (heart rate and temperature) were taken.

RESULTS: Subjects covered the full range of MS susceptibility (from 0–100%). The average time in the simulator before the first symptoms of MS was 7.41 min ± 2.56 min. The time to onset of the first symptoms, the intensity of the symptoms, and heart rate were significantly correlated with the degree of susceptibility of subjects in real-life conditions.

DISCUSSION: The simulator induced varying intensity of MS depending on the subjects’ susceptibility. It thus replicates real-life conditions and can serve as a useful tool for facilitating the research of devices, techniques, and medications to combat MS.

de Thierry de Faletans C, Misericordia M, Vallier J-M, Duché P, Watelain E. Seasickness simulator to assess anti-motion sickness devices. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(3):212–218.
High-Altitude Acute Hypoxia Endurance and Comprehensive Lung Function in Pilots
Authors: Li Bowen , Xu Yue , Wang Dong , Wei Baodi , Zhu Huijing , Wu Mengdi , Lan Xiaohua , Yin Qiaoxiang , Cao Yanjie
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION: High-altitude hypoxia remains one of the primary causes endangering flight safety to this day. This study explores the correlation between pilots’ acute hypoxia endurance at high altitude and their comprehensive pulmonary function to help with pilot selection, training, and operations.

METHODS: We selected 175 pilots (all men) at the Air Force Medical Center from January 2022 to March 2023. They underwent comprehensive pulmonary function tests and a simulated 22,965-ft (7000-m) hypoxia tests which were categorized into long-time (>360 s) or short-time (180 −360 s) groups based on endurance time. A multivariate Cox proportional risk model analyzed the link between lung function and hypoxia endurance.

RESULTS: All pilots completed the tests with a median hypoxia endurance time of 260 s. The long-time group consisted of 50.3% of the pilots and the short-time group consisted of 49.7%. The Cox model indicated that higher alveolar volume as a percentage of predicted and lower residual volume to total lung capacity ratio as a percentage of predicted significantly influenced hypoxia endurance time, while other variables showed no significant impact.

DISCUSSION: Pilots with higher alveolar volume as a percentage of predicted and lower residual volume to total lung capacity ratio as a percentage of predicted in comprehensive lung function are likely to have better gas exchange efficiency and lung function, leading to longer acute high-altitude hypoxia endurance time.

Li B, Xu Y, Wang D, Wei B, Zhu H, Wu M, Lan X, Yin Q, Cao Y. High-altitude acute hypoxia endurance and comprehensive lung function in pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(3):191–197.
Redefiniendo la obesidad
Authors: Calderón Velasco Rolando
Published: February 2025

El 14 de enero de 2025 la revista The Lancet sobre diabetes y endocrinología publicó los resultados de la Comisión de Diabetes y Endocrinología sobre la definición y los criterios diagnósticos para definir la obesidad clínica, reconociendo que existen obstáculos y vacíos en los conocimientos sobre este campo. Cambió la forma de cómo pensamos sobre la obesidad. Para lo cual provee una nueva definición y un marco diagnóstico. Identifica cuando la obesidad es un factor de riesgo y cuándo representa un estado previo a la enfermedad.
Psiquiatría de enlace en situaciones de crisis: el caso de la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff
Published: February 2025

La pandemia COVID-19 ha desafiado severamente a la salud pública a nivel mundial, afectando profundamente al Perú y destacando la necesidad de abordar tanto la salud física como la mental durante crisis sanitarias. La psiquiatría de enlace, especializada en integrar la psiquiatría con la medicina general, ha emergido como una disciplina crucial para manejar la complejidad psiquiátrica exacerbada por la pandemia. Los psiquiatras de enlace han jugado un papel vital en la identificación y tratamiento de manifestaciones psiquiátricas entre pacientes hospitalizados, así como en el apoyo emocional al personal de salud. Estrategias como la interconsulta temprana y el uso de herramientas de evaluación estandarizadas han facilitado ladetección precoz y el manejo efectivo de cuadros clínicos como depresión y ansiedad. Además, el uso innovador de la telepsiquiatría ha permitido la continuidad de la atención durante el distanciamiento social. Sin embargo, la pandemia también ha evidenciado desafíos significativos, incluyendo el estrés adicional para el personal de salud y la necesidad de recursos adecuados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos. Es crucial fortalecer la capacitación en psiquiatría de enlace y mejorar la infraestructura para el manejo de futuras emergencias sanitarias. En el presente artículo, se subraya la importancia de integrar la atención psiquiátrica en la respuesta global a pandemias, mejorando así la resiliencia del sistema de salud y los desenlaces clínicos en los pacientes.
Criteria of qualitative colonoscopy in patients after colorectal surgery (case reports)
Authors: Korzheva I. Y. , Krasnova K. V. , Likutov A. A.
Published: February 2025

AIM: to develop a unified algorithm of bowel cleansing for the colonoscopy, to distinguish the main criteria of qualitative colonoscopy and the rules of protocol in patients after colorectal surgery.PATIENTS AND METHODS: we analyzed the available literature data and our own experience of endoscopic examination of patients with operated colon.RESULTS: a unified algorithm of patient preparation for colonoscopy, examination rules and criteria for execution of the examination protocol for patients with different types of surgical interventions on the colon were developed.CONCLUSION: it is necessary to raise awareness of surgeons and oncologists about the rules and peculiarities of preparation for colonoscopy in patients after colorectal surgery. It is necessary to use a unified methodology of endoscopic examination of such patients, and to use a single technique of endoscopic examination.
Biomechanical effects of altered multifidus muscle morphology on cervical spine tissues
Authors: Xu Guangming , Li Chenxing , Sheng Zhizhong
Published: February 2025

Background

Muscle fat infiltration and atrophy were common pathomorphologic changes in the paravertebral muscles. Some studies indicated that degeneration of paravertebral muscles may be one of the important causes of chronic neck pain. Therefore, we investigated the mechanical effects of multifidus muscle morphologic changes on cervical spine tissues by constructing cervical spine models of multfiidus muscle with different degrees of atrophy.

Method

Three-dimensional finite element models of the cervical spine with 100%, 80%, and 50% with the multifidus muscle were constructed by referring to previous literature. According to the mechanical loading conditions in previous literature, the patient’s head weight and 1 Nm of loading were considered to be applied to the cervical spine, and the mechanical differences in the cervical intervertebral discs, joint capsule, cartilage endplates and range of motion (ROM) due to the morphological changes of the multifidus muscle were recorded and analyzed.

Result

Under anterior flexion loading, model C increasing by 55% and 22% at the C5-6 segment compared to A and B, respectively. Among the three model groups, the stresses in the discs of the lower segments (C4-C7) were significantly higher than those in the upper segments. Under posterior extension loading, the strain values of the joint capsule were higher in the lower cervical segments, with the maximum strain values in the C5-6 segments. The maximum strain values in the lower cartilage endplates were in the C5-6 segments in model group A, whereas the maximum values were in the C4-5 segments in both models B and C. The maximum values in the lower cervical segments were in the C4-6 and C4-5 segments. In addition, a similar trend described above occurs in lateral bending and axial rotation conditions. The ROM of the lower cervical was higher than that of the upper cervical vertebrae, except in lateral bending conditions.

Conclusion

In this study, we constructed the morphology of the multifidus muscle to more realistically simulate the mechanical environment of the cervical spine in vivo and quantitatively explored the effects of multifidus muscle atrophy on cervical spine tissues. The results showed that volume atrophy of the multifidus muscle altered the mechanical response of cervical spine tissues. Volume atrophy of the multifidus muscle significantly increased the mechanical indexes of the cervical spine tissues, in which the cervical disc stresses, joint capsule strains, and cartilage endplates increased significantly. Compared with the mechanical changes in the upper cervical segments, the mechanical changes in the lower cervical segments were higher. Therefore, it is important to moderately increase the functional exercise of the multifidus muscle to prevent atrophy leading to abnormal stress concentrations in cervical tissues.
Defining bovine CpG epigenetic diversity by analyzing RRBS data from sperm of Montbéliarde and Holstein bulls
Authors: Capra Emanuele , Lazzari Barbara , Cozzi Paolo , Turri Federica , Negrini Riccardo , Ajmone-Marsan Paolo , Stella Alessandra
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Breed epigenetic diversity was recently detected in pig muscle and cattle blood, probably as a result of long-term selection for morphological adaptive and quantitative traits, persisting after embryo epigenetic reprogramming.

Methods

In our study, breed epigenetic diversity in the male germline from Holstein (H) and Montbéliarde (M) bulls was investigated using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) data publicly available at the NCBI database. Open-source Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data from H and M animals were used to estimate genetic diversity between the two breeds and, thus, correctly assess CpG positions with low frequencies or absence of SNPs.

Results

Sperm epigenetic diversity was studied in 356,635 SNP-free CpG positions, and a total of 6,074 differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) were identified. The analysis of the DMCs pattern of distribution revealed that DMCs: i) are partially associated with genetic variation, ii) are consistent with epigenetic diversity previously observed in bovine blood, iii) present long-CpG stretches in specific genomic regions, and iv) are enriched in specific repeat elements, such as ERV-LTR transposable elements, ribosomal 5S rRNA, BTSAT4 Satellites and long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE).

Discussion

This study, based on publicly available data from two cattle breeds, contributes to the identification and definition of distinct epigenetic signatures in sperm, that may have potential implications for mammalian embryo development.
Notch signaling in cancers: mechanism and potential therapy
Authors: Chen Chen , Du Yan , Nie Rongzu , Wang Shuangshuang , Wang Hang , Li Peifeng
Published: February 2025

The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved intercellular signaling cascade that regulates a number of cellular processes, including cell development, proliferation, apoptosis, and genome stability. The Notch signaling pathway is pervasive in the human body, affecting tumorigenesis and progression, which is one of the most significant signaling pathways in this regard, influencing various receptors and cellular functions of tumor cells. Aberrant expression or mutation of Notch has been linked to the onset and progression of a variety of malignant tumors. In this review, we discussed the mechanism of Notch signaling in lung, liver and colorectal cancer and explored future strategies and directions for cancer treatment by modifying the Notch signaling pathway.
Involvement of SIRT1-mediated aging in liver diseases
Authors: Zhang Yueming , Gong Chang , Tao Lina , Zhai Jinghui , Huang Fengwei , Zhang Sixi
Published: February 2025

Liver disease is a significant global health issue, responsible for millions of deaths annually. Aging, characterized by the gradual decline in cellular and physiological functions, impairs tissue regeneration, increases susceptibility to liver diseases, and leads to a decline in liver health. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a NAD⁺-dependent deacetylase, has emerged as a pivotal factor in modulating age-related changes in the liver. SIRT1 preserves liver function by regulating essential aging-related pathways, including telomere maintenance, epigenetic modifications, cellular senescence, intercellular communication, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. Notably, SIRT1 levels naturally decline with age, contributing to liver disease progression and increased vulnerability to injury. This review summarizes the regulatory role of SIRT1 in aging and its impact on liver diseases such as liver fibrosis, alcoholic associated liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We also discuss emerging therapeutic approaches, including SIRT1 activators, gene therapy, and nutritional interventions, which are evaluated for their potential to restore SIRT1 function and mitigate liver disease progression. Finally, we highlight future research directions to optimize SIRT1-targeted therapies for clinical applications in age-related liver conditions.
Evidence for Fgf and Wnt regulation of Lhx2 during limb development via two limb-specific Lhx2-associated cis-regulatory modules
Authors: Britton Jessica C. , Somogyi-Leatigaga Anett , Watson Billy A. , Haro Endika , Mulder Cassidy G. , Kennedy Kari D. , Cooper Allen M. , Whitley Kristen L. , Yeboah Ruth-Love , Kim Jeanyoung , Yu Micah C. , Campos Jairo D. , Amoah Japhet , Kawauchi Shimako , Kim Eunyoung , Pira Charmaine U. , Oberg Kerby C.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

In vertebrate limb morphogenesis, wingless-related integration site (Wnt) proteins and fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) secreted from the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) coordinate proximodistal outgrowth. Fgfs also sustain sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA). Shh directs anteroposterior patterning and expansion and regulates AER-Fgfs, establishing a positive regulatory feedback loop that is vital in sustaining limb outgrowth. The transcription factor LIM homeodomain 2 (Lhx2) is expressed in the distal mesoderm and coordinates AER and ZPA signals that control cellular proliferation, differentiation, and shaping of the developing limb. Yet how Lhx2 is transcriptionally regulated to support such functions has only been partially characterized.

Methods/Results

We have identified two limb-specific cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) active within the Lhx2 expression domain in the limb. Chromatin conformation analysis of the Lhx2 locus in mouse embryonic limb bud cells predicted CRMs-Lhx2 promoter interactions. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of limb bud cells revealed co-expression of several Fgf-related Ets and Wnt-related Tcf/Lef transcripts in Lhx2-expressing cells. Additionally, disruption of Ets and Tcf/Lef binding sites resulted in loss of reporter-driven CRM activity. Finally, binding of β-catenin to both Lhx2-associated CRMs supports the associated binding of Tcf/Lef transcription factors.

Discussion

These results suggest a role for Ets and Tcf/Lef transcription factors in the regulation of Lhx2 expression through these limb-specific Lhx2-associated CRMs. Moreover, these CRMs provide a mechanism for Fgf and Wnt signaling to localize and maintain distal Lhx2 expression during vertebrate limb development.
Exploring imaged capillary isoelectric focusing parameters for enhanced charge variants quality control
Authors: Ghizzani Virginia , Ascione Alessandro , Gonnella Federico , Massolini Gabriella , Luciani Francesca
Published: February 2025

Biopharmaceuticals are increasingly utilised in the treatment of oncological, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases, largely due to their exceptional specificity in targeting antigens. However, their structural complexity, heterogeneity, and sensitivity pose crucial challenges in their production, purification, and delivery. Charge heterogeneity analysis, a Critical Quality Attribute of these biomolecules used in their Quality Control, is often performed using separative analytical techniques such as imaged capillary Isoelectric Focusing (icIEF). Recognized as a gold standard by the industry, icIEF leverages a pH gradient to provide high-resolution profiling of charge variants in biotherapeutics. In this review, critical experimental parameters for icIEF method development in the context of biotherapeutic drug development and QC will be discussed. Key aspects, including sample preparation, capillary properties, carrier ampholytes, stabilizers, and detection are examined, and supported by recent literature. Advances in icIEF technology and its expanding applications underline its robustness, reproducibility, and compliance with regulatory standards, affirming its pivotal role in ensuring the identity and consistency of biological products.
A new strategy improving TB diagnosis: stratified urine LAM test based on lymphocyte counts
Authors: Li Hongzhi , Gao Xian , Liu Dandan , Li Zhe , Li Jing
Published: February 2025

Background

Traditional lipoarabinomannan tests have limited sensitivity in HIV-negative individuals. Our aims were to compare chemiluminescence-based LAM (AIMLAM) and other diagnostic modalities in HIV-negative patients and to explore whether lymphocyte counts impact the sensitivity and costs of AIMLAM.

Methods

This is a prospective, cross-sectional, diagnostic accuracy study. Participants underwent testing with sputum acid-fast bacilli, sputum culture, GeneXpert, and AIMLAM. Their diagnostic efficiency and cost-effectiveness alone or under different lymphocyte count categories was evaluated.

Results

Using MRS as a reference, the sensitivities of different diagnostic methods were as follows: sputum smear 27.43%, sputum culture 45.13%, GeneXpert 74.34%, and AIMLAM 71.68%. Patients with lymphocyte counts <0.8 × 109/L were significantly more likely to have a positive AIMLAM result (OR = 9.431, 95% CI: 2.659–33.447, P = 0.001). The sensitivity of AIMLAM in patients with lymphocyte counts <0.8 × 109/L reached 93.02%. The overall cost of AIMLAM to detect a positive TB case was $129.82, lower than sputum culture ($136.10) and GeneXpert ($180.27). For patients with lymphocyte counts <0.8 × 109/L, the cost of AIMLAM was further reduced to $67.84 (a 47.74% decrease), which was lower than GeneXpert ($111.65) and sputum culture ($94.28).

Conclusion

AIMLAM showed promising diagnostic performance in HIV-negative patients. Stratifying patients using lymphocyte cell counting lifted the sensitivity and lowered the cost of LAM, offering a novel diagnostic strategy for tuberculosis in resource-limited settings.