bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of woven fabrics containing cotton/metal-wrapped hybrid yarns
Authors: Erdumlu Nazan , Saricam Canan
Published: October 2015

This paper involves a comprehensive evaluation of electromagnetic shielding characteristics of woven fabrics. The conductive fabrics produced by using cotton/copper-wrapped and cotton/stainless steel-wrapped hybrid yarns in plain and twill weaves were tested in single and double layer structures to determine the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE), absorption and reflection values over an incident frequency of 0–3000 MHz. In addition, the shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of these conductive fabric layers was tested under pure cotton fabric. The results indicated that fabrics including copper-wrapped hybrid yarns exhibited EMSE values that increase with increasing incident frequency then decline after a peak value is reached. On the other hand, fabrics including stainless steel-wrapped hybrid yarns showed no sharp peak values, instead; slight peaks were observed. The differences between the EMSE values of plain and twill weave fabric samples were found to be statistically insignificant. The use of fabrics including stainless steel-wrapped hybrid yarns in the layered structures resulted in better shielding effectiveness in a wider incident frequency range when compared to the fabrics including copper-wrapped hybrid yarns. Finally, it was found that the use of conductive fabrics under pure cotton fabric did not interrupt the shielding effectiveness of the conductive fabrics, which can lead to consider the use of layered structures for garments requiring special protective capabilities.
Prefrontal Cortex Activation While Walking Under Dual-Task Conditions in Stroke
Authors: Al-Yahya Emad , Johansen-Berg Heidi , Kischka Udo , Zarei Mojtaba , Cockburn Janet , Dawes Helen
Published: October 2015

Background. Walking while performing another task (eg, talking) is challenging for many stroke survivors, yet its neural basis are not fully understood. Objective. To investigate prefrontal cortex activation and its relationship to gait measures while walking under single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) conditions (ie, walking while simultaneously performing a cognitive task) in stroke survivors. Methods. We acquired near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data from the prefrontal cortex during treadmill walking in ST and DT conditions in chronic stroke survivors and healthy controls. We also acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and NIRS during simulated walking under these conditions. Results. NIRS revealed increased oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in DT-walking compared with ST-walking for both groups. For simulated walking, NIRS showed a significant effect of group and group × task, being greater on both occasions, in stroke survivors. A greater increase in brain activation observed from ST to DT walking/ simulated walking was related to a greater change in motor performance in stroke survivors. fMRI revealed increased activity during DT relative to ST conditions in stroke patients in areas including the inferior temporal gyri, superior frontal gyri and cingulate gyri bilaterally, and the right precentral gyrus. The DT-related increase in fMRI activity correlated with DT-related change in behavior in stroke participants in the bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, and left frontal pole. Conclusion. Our results provide novel evidence that enhanced brain activity changes relate to dual task motor decrements.
Endovascular management of a carotid aneurysm into the sphenoid sinus presenting with epistaxis
Authors: Akkari Mohamed , Gascou Grégory , Trévillot Vincent , Bonafé Alain , Crampette Louis , Machi Paolo
Published: October 2015

Non-traumatic cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms are rare, and favour the occurrence of massive recurrent epistaxis, which is associated with a high mortality rate. We report the case of a 67-year-old woman presenting a ruptured ICA aneurysm extending into the sphenoid sinus, revealed by epistaxis. Selective coil embolization of the aneurysm was performed. Flow-diverter stents were deployed in order to utterly exclude the aneurysm and prevent revascularization. Anti-platelet treatment was provided to lower the risk of in-stent thrombosis. A left frontal hematoma associated with a subarachnoid haemorrhage occurred at day 2. Outcome was favourable with no neurological sequelae, and no clinical recurrence of epistaxis occurred. A 4 months follow-up digital subtraction angiography showed a complete exclusion of the aneurysm. In addition, a magnetic resonance cerebral angiography at 16 months showed stable results. Thus, this two-stage endovascular procedure has proven its effectiveness in preventing epistaxis recurrence while preserving the ICA patency.
Anchor technique: Use of stent retrievers as an anchor to advance thrombectomy catheters in internal carotid artery occlusions
Authors: Singh Jasmeet , Wolfe Stacey Q , Janjua Rashid M , Hedayat Hirad , Burnette Christofer
Published: October 2015

In three recent cases of acute complete internal artery occlusions, we used stent retriever deployed through the mechanical aspiration/distal access catheters to achieve recanalization. In all cases the stent retriever was used as an anchor and supplemented mechanical thrombectomy. This report describes the technical details of the procedure and presents an alternative plan of action in difficult cases when standard thrombectomy techniques do not work.
Does Emerging Adulthood Theory Apply Across Social Classes? National Data on a Persistent Question
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen
Published: October 2015

The theory of emerging adulthood has been criticized as not applying across social classes. This article presents data from a national survey of 18- to 25-year-olds in order to test this critique. There were consistencies across social classes in the five features proposed in the theory of emerging adulthood: positive and negative perceptions of the time period; views of education and work; and views of love, sex, and marriage. Important social class differences were found in rates of feeling depressed and access to financial support for education. It is concluded that there are many commonalities in the experience of emerging adulthood across social classes in the United States and that emerging adulthood and other life stages can be useful guides to understanding development, provided that they are understood to be grounded in a social, cultural, and historical context.
Acute intermittent porphyria: Comorbidity and shared familial
risks with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Sweden
Authors: Cederlöf Martin , Bergen Sarah E. , Larsson Henrik , Landén Mikael , Lichtenstein Paul
Published: October 2015

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) has been associated with schizophrenia in
some studies, but prior research is limited by the absence of comparison
populations. Here, we linked Swedish registers to examine the risk of
schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in 717 individuals diagnosed with AIP and
their first-degree relatives, compared with matched individuals without AIP
and their first-degree relatives. Individuals with AIP had a fourfold
increased risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Similarly, relatives of
individuals with AIP had double the risk of schizophrenia or bipolar
disorder, suggesting that these associations may be as a result of common
genetic influences.
Effects of the MAOA gene and levels of exposure
to violence on antisocial outcomes
Authors: Ouellet-Morin Isabelle , Côté Sylvana M. , Vitaro Frank , Hébert Martine , Carbonneau René , Lacourse Éric , Turecki Gustavo , Tremblay Richard E.
Published: October 2015

Background

The monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene has been shown to
moderate the impact of maltreatment on antisocial behaviour. Replication
efforts have, however, yielded inconsistent results.

Aims

To investigate whether the interaction between the MAOA
gene and violence is present across the full distribution of violence or
emerges at higher levels of exposure.

Method

Participants were 327 male members of the Québec Longitudinal Study of
Kindergarten Children. Exposure to violence comprised retrospective
reports of mother's and father's maltreatment, sexual and physical abuse.
Conduct disorder and antisocial personality symptoms were assessed in
semi-structured interviews and partner violence, property-violent crimes
and arrest were self-reported.

Results

Non-linear interactions between the MAOA gene and
violence were detected, suggesting that the genetic moderation may come
about once a certain level of violence is experienced.

Conclusions

Future studies should investigate the mechanisms translating substantial
violence exposure, which could, subsequently, trigger the expression of
genetically based differences in antisocial behaviour.
Neuroestradiol in the Stalk Median Eminence of Female Rhesus Macaques Decreases in Association With Puberty Onset
Authors: Kenealy Brian P. , Keen Kim L. , Kapoor Amita , Terasawa Ei
Published: October 2015

In primates, despite the fact that GnRH neurons are mature at birth, a gonadal steroid independent central inhibition restrains the initiation of puberty. The neural substrates responsible for this central inhibition, however, are unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that neuroestradiol release in the hypothalamus decreases prior to the pubertal increase in GnRH release. We found that in female monkeys at the prepubertal stage, when GnRH release was low, estradiol (E2) levels in the stalk-median eminence of the hypothalamus were higher than those in older, early pubertal females in which nocturnal GnRH release begins to increase. Furthermore, estrone (E1) levels were higher in the stalk-median eminence of prepubertal and early pubertal monkeys compared with midpubertal monkeys, which have the highest GnRH release. The elevated E2 and E1 levels at the prepubertal stage are likely hypothalamic in origin because circulating E2 and E1 levels in prepubertal and early pubertal monkeys were much lower than those in midpubertal monkeys. Heightened synthesis and release of neuroestradiol during the prepubertal period and subsequent reduction at puberty onset indicate possible roles for neuroestradiol in central inhibition of GnRH release. The mechanism governing the reduction in neuroestradiol synthesis at puberty onset remains to be determined.
SSBP3 Interacts With Islet-1 and Ldb1 to Impact Pancreatic β-Cell Target Genes
Authors: Galloway Jamie R. , Bethea Maigen , Liu Yanping , Underwood Rachel , Mobley James A. , Hunter Chad S.
Published: October 2015

Islet-1 (Isl1) is a Lin11, Isl1, Mec3 (LIM)-homeodomain transcription factor important for pancreatic islet cell development, maturation, and function, which largely requires interaction with the LIM domain-binding protein 1 (Ldb1) coregulator. In other tissues, Ldb1 and Isl1 interact with additional factors to mediate target gene transcription, yet few protein partners are known in β-cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that Ldb1 and Isl1 participate in larger regulatory complexes to impact β-cell gene expression. To test this, we used cross-linked immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify interacting proteins from mouse β-cells. Proteomic datasets revealed numerous interacting candidates, including a member of the single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSBP) coregulator family, SSBP3. SSBPs potentiate LIM transcription factor complex activity and stability in other tissues. However, nothing was known of SSBP3 interaction, expression, or activity in β-cells. Our analyses confirmed that SSBP3 interacts with Ldb1 and Isl1 in β-cell lines and in mouse and human islets and demonstrated SSBP3 coexpression with Ldb1 and Isl1 pancreas tissue. Furthermore, β-cell line SSBP3 knockdown imparted mRNA deficiencies similar to those observed upon Ldb1 reduction in vitro or in vivo. This appears to be (at least) due to SSBP3 occupancy of known Ldb1-Isl1 target promoters, including MafA and Glp1r. This study collectively demonstrates that SSBP3 is a critical component of Ldb1-Isl1 regulatory complexes, required for expression of critical β-cell target genes.
Bounded truncation error for long-run averages in infinite Markov chains
Authors: Baumann Hendrik , Sandmann Werner
Published: October 2015

We consider long-run averages of additive functionals on infinite discrete-state Markov chains, either continuous or discrete in time. Special cases include long-run average costs or rewards, stationary moments of the components of ergodic multi-dimensional Markov chains, queueing network performance measures, and many others. By exploiting Foster-Lyapunov-type criteria involving drift conditions for the finiteness of long-run averages we determine suitable finite subsets of the state space such that the truncation error is bounded. Illustrative examples demonstrate the application of this method.
The moments of the discounted loss and the discounted dividends for a spectrally negative Lévy risk process
Authors: Frostig Esther
Published: October 2015

Consider a spectrally negative risk process where, on ruin, the deficit is immediately paid, and the process restarts from 0. When the process reaches a threshold b, all the surplus above b is paid as dividend. Applying the theory of exit times for a spectrally negative Lévy process and its reflection at the maximum and at the minimum, we obtain recursive formulae for the following moments. (i) The moments of the discounted loss until the process reaches b. This is equivalent to the moments of the discounted dividends in the dual model under the barrier strategy. (ii) The moments of the discounted loss for models with and without a dividend barrier for the infinite horizon. (iii) The moments of the discounted dividends for the infinite horizon.
New markers for tracking endoderm induction and hepatocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Holtzinger Audrey , Streeter Philip R. , Sarangi Farida , Hillborn Scott , Niapour Maryam , Ogawa Shinichiro , Keller Gordon
Published: October 2015

The efficient generation of hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) requires the induction of a proper endoderm population, broadly characterized by the expression of the cell surface marker CXCR4. Strategies to identify and isolate endoderm subpopulations predisposed to the liver fate do not exist. In this study, we generated mouse monoclonal antibodies against hESC-derived definitive endoderm with the goal of identifying cell surface markers that can be used to track the development of this germ layer and its specification to a hepatic fate. Through this approach, we identified two endoderm-specific antibodies, HDE1 and HDE2 that stain different stages of endoderm development and distinct derivative cell types. HDE1 marks a definitive endoderm population with high hepatic potential whereas staining of HDE2 tracks with developing hepatocyte progenitors and hepatocytes. When used in combination, the staining patterns of these antibodies enable one to optimize endoderm induction and hepatic specification from any hPSC line.
ATAF2 integrates Arabidopsis brassinosteroid inactivation and seedling photomorphogenesis
Authors: Peng Hao , Zhao Jianfei , Neff Michael M.
Published: October 2015

The Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyl is a robust system for studying the interplay of light and plant hormones, such as brassinosteroids (BRs), in the regulation of plant growth and development. Since BRs cannot be transported between plant tissues, their cellular levels must be appropriate for given developmental fates. BR homeostasis is maintained in part by transcriptional feedback-regulation loops that control the expression of key metabolic enzymes, including the BR-inactivation enzymes CYP734A1/CYP72B1/BAS1 and CYP72C1/SOB7. In this research, the NAC transcription factor (TF), ATAF2, is found to bind the promoters of BAS1 and SOB7 to suppress their expression. ATAF2 restricts the tissue-specific expression of BAS1 and SOB7 in planta. ATAF2 loss- and gain-of-function seedlings have opposite BR response phenotypes for hypocotyl elongation. ATAF2 modulates hypocotyl growth in a light-dependent manner, with the photoreceptor phytochrome A playing a major role. The photomorphogenic phenotypes of ATAF2 loss- and gain-of-function seedlings can be suppressed by treatment with the BR biosynthesis inhibitor brassinazole (BRZ). Moreover, the disruption of BAS1 and SOB7 abolishes the short-hypocotyl phenotype of ATAF2 loss-of-function seedlings in low-fluence-rate white light, which demonstrates an ATAF2-mediated connection between BR catabolism and photomorphogenesis. The expression of ATAF2 is suppressed by both BRs and light, which demonstrates the existence of an ATAF2-BAS1/SOB7-BR-ATAF2 feedback-regulation loop as well as a light-ATAF2-BAS1/SOB7-BR-photomorphogenesis pathway. ATAF2 also modulates root growth by regulating BR catabolism. Since ATAF2 was known to regulate plant defense and auxin biosynthesis, this TF acts as a central regulator of plant defense, hormone metabolism, and light-mediated seedling development.
Stress-induced inhibition of translation independently of eIF2α phosphorylation
Authors: Knutsen Jon Halvor Jonsrud , Rødland Gro Elise , Bøe Cathrine Arnason , Håland Tine Weise , Sunnerhagen Per , Grallert Beáta , Boye Erik
Published: October 2015

Exposure of fission yeast cells to ultraviolet (UV) light leads to inhibition of translation and phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF2α). This phosphorylation is a common response to stress in all eukaryotes. It leads to inhibition of translation at the initiation stage and is thought to be the main reason why stressed cells dramatically reduce protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of eIF2α has been taken as a readout for downregulation of translation, but the role of eIF2α phosphorylation in the downregulation of general translation has not been much investigated. We show here that UV-induced, global inhibition of translation in fission yeast cells is independent of eIF2α phosphorylation and the eIF2α kinase general control nonderepressible-2 (Gcn2). Also in budding yeast and mammalian cells the UV-induced translational depression is largely independent of GCN2 and eIF2α phosphorylation. Furthermore, exposure of fission yeast cells to oxidative stress from hydrogen peroxide induced an inhibition of translation that is also independent of Gcn2 and of eIF2α phosphorylation. Our findings show that stress-induced translational inhibition occurs by an unknown mechanism that is likely to be conserved through evolution.
From human organism to society and Earth´s biosphere: evolution of term of homeostasis within the framework of three paradigms
Authors: Буданов  , Budanov V. , Филатова  , Filatova O. , Хадарцев  , Khadartsev Aleksandr , Попов  , Popov Yuriy
Published: October 2015

The problem of philosophical and scientific interpretation of homeostasis has been discussed for more than 150 years. The works of Claude Bernard, W.B. Cannon and P.K. Anokhin fill the basic philosophy of homeostasis, but that works have not provided a formal description of the condition of organism. At the same time within the framework of the third paradigm a new insights of chaos which in modern philosophy is treated only as deterministic chaos are offered. Some forecasts for the development of society and humanity in the future in terms of the analysis of the present are presented. An expanded interpretation of homeostasis in its historical and semantic development is presented. The proof of the commonness in dynamics of behavior of individual organism and the whole society is given.
Comparative characteristics of heart rate variability parameters of Yugra pupils
Authors: Химикова  , Khimikova O. , Эльман  , Elman Kseniya , Бурыкин  , Burykin Yu. , Проворова  , Provorova O.
Published: October 2015

This article presents a comparative analysis of the parameters of HRV students who are indigenous and non-indigenous residents of Yugra. Analysis was carried out carried out by multiple comparisons of three age subgroups and by multivariate analysis with the calculation of inter-cluster distances. The differences in the dynamics of age-related changes of Yugra schoolchildren reveals distinctive trend parameters of heart rate variability between indigenous and non-indigenous representatives of North. In particular, it revealed a higher adaptive capacity in Aboriginal representatives in comparison with the migrant population. The maximum divergence of parameters of the body boys observed in the older age group.
Kunstpraxis in der Migrationsgesellschaft - Transkulturelle Handlungsstrategien am Beispiel der Brunnenpassage Wien
Authors: Pilic Ivana , Wiederhold-Daryanavard Anne
Published: October 2015

How are artistic practice and cultural participation linked to the category of migration? This book posits a change in perspective in cultural policies, a change which is necessary for a broader section of society to be able to utilize their right of access to art and culture. It portrays instances of underrepresentation as well as innovative societal paths of action, and demonstrates how cross-cultural practice becomes possible, and how artistic productions that correspond to the diversity of the population can be practically organized. The expertise in this study is drawn from the practice carried out in the Vienna »social art space« Brunnenpassage, a lab and site of praxis of transcultural and participative artistic processes, founded in 2007. Wie sind Kunstpraxis und kulturelle Teilhabemöglichkeit an die Kategorie Migration gekoppelt? Dieses Buch steht für den Perspektivenwechsel in der Kulturpolitik, der erforderlich ist, um für breitere Teile der Gesellschaft das Recht auf Zugang zu Kunst und Kultur umzusetzen. Es zeigt Phänomene der Unterrepräsentation sowie innovative gesellschaftliche Handlungswege auf und veranschaulicht, wie transkulturelle Kunstpraxis möglich wird und wie Kunstproduktionen, die der Vielheit der Bevölkerung entsprechen, im Konkreten organisiert werden können. Als Ausgangspunkt der Expertise dienen die Erkenntnisse aus der Praxis, die im Wiener »KunstSozialRaum Brunnenpassage«, einem Labor und Praxisort transkultureller und partizipativer Kunstprozesse, seit Gründung 2007 gewonnen wurden.
Zygomycoses - urgency in diagnosis
Authors: Abraham Dilip , Oberoi Aroma , Dewan Eshani , Mohan Sangeetha
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Zygomycoses is an angioinvasive infection most commonly seen in immunocompromised and diabetic patients. We undertook this study to determine the prevalence of Zygomycoses, in patients with a suspected Invasive Zygomycoses Infection in a tertiary centre and to identify the most common species isolated from culture.Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was done from January 1, 2012 to December 8, 2014; the clinical data of the suspected patients and the positive cultures were collected.Results and Discussion: A total of 50 samples of 27 patients with suspected Zygomycoses were sent during the 3 year period. In 25 of these patients, the samples sent were tissue biopsies from nasal cavity and 2 wound swabs from burns. Of these, 18 tissue biopsies of 13 patients and two wound swabs were detected positive for Zygomycetes. (2-Absidia corymbifera; 1-Rhizopus, 15-Mucor). Of the remaining 12 patients whose cultures were negative, 1â€“bacterial 1â€“bacterial sinusitis, 5-Invasive aspergillosis; 6-treated as Invasive fungal infections due to Zygomycetes as the imaging diagnostics and histopathological features favored that diagnosis. The majority of the patients (80%) were diabetic, and the two from the burn unit were under long-term treatment for chronic wound infections. Multiple diagnostic modalities must be used in view of the aggressive nature of the disease, but microbiological diagnosis remains the Gold Standard.
Efectos de actividades fonológicas en el vocabulario, las habilidades psicolingüísticas y los procesos lectores de niños de primer grado.
Authors: Galicia Moyeda Iris Xóchitl , Robles Ojeda Francisco Javier , Sánchez Velasco Alejandra
Published: October 2015

La adquisición de la lectoescritura involucra diversos procesos que pueden estimularse en contextos cotidianos, como el hogar, y que también pueden ser favorecidos por la instrucción escolar. Se trabajó con un grupo de niños de primer grado de educación primaria en el contexto escolar durante seis meses, realizando actividades que favorecieran el procesamiento fonológico con el objetivo de observar su impacto en la conciencia fonológica, sus habilidades psicolingüísticas, su vocabulario y sus habilidades lectoras. Los resultados de la t de Student revelan, de manera general, que tales actividades beneficiaron la conciencia fonológica, el vocabulario y algunas de las habilidades psicolingüísticas. Posteriormente, se identificaron los niños que al final del ciclo escolar habían adquirido la lectoescritura y los que no. Los resultados de la U de Mann-Whitney y de la rho de Spearman sugieren que, a diferencia del vocabulario y las habilidades psicolingüísticas, el nivel de la conciencia fonológica con el cual los niños inician la instrucción lectora, pudo ser un elemento importante para tal logro. También se revela que los niños no lectores tienen un desempeño más bajo en la ejecución de tareas que involucran el canal auditivo, que en las del canal visual.
Ensino de linguagem receptiva para crianças com autismo : comparando dois procedimentos.
Authors: Oliveira Costa Glaucy , Barbosa Alves de Souza Carlos
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho comparou a eficiência de um treino de Discriminação Simples-Condicional (DSC), que empregou blocos de tentativas e três estímulos desde o seu início, com a do treino de Discriminação Condicional (DC), no ensino de linguagem receptiva para três crianças com autismo. Com cada criança foram treinadas nove relações palavra falada-figura em cada tipo de treino. O treino DSC consistiu na redução gradual de tentativas por bloco (de seis blocos de três tentativas, na Fase 1 para nove blocos de duas tentativas, na Fase 2), até sua randomização total, na Fase 3. O treino DC foi idêntico à Fase 3 de DSC, porém com outros estímulos. O treino DC se mostrou mais eficiente para o estabelecimento da linguagem receptiva, mas o treino DSC foi mais efetivo para a manutenção do repertório. Discutem-se as implicações desses resultados para a área aplicada e direções para novos estudos.
Los problemas internalizados y externalizados en la competencia académica de escolares.
Authors: Romero Godínez Edith , Gómez Maqueo María Emilia Lucio , Forns Santacana María
Published: October 2015

Diversos estudios destacan la elevada prevalencia de problemas internalizados y externalizados (PIyE) en la niñez, así como sus repercusiones en la competencia académica (CA). En México existe poca evidencia empírica al respecto, por lo que resulta relevante analizar esta relación para contar con indicadores que guíen el diseño de intervenciones. El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar los puntajes obtenidos en indicadores de CA en tres grupos de niños con niveles diferenciados de PIyE. Se trabajó con 314 niños con edades entre 8 y 12 años de primarias públicas, 51% niñas y 49% niños. Se aplicaron cuatro instrumentos: Cuestionario de Problemas Internalizados y Externalizados (CPIEN), Ficha Socio-demográfica para Niños, Escala de Inteligencia Coloreada Raven, y Pruebas Académicas. Se realizó un estudio transversal de comparación de grupos. Las pruebas se aplicaron de manera grupal en los salones de clases. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el programa SPSS v.20. Se conformaron tres grupos en función de los niveles de PIyE, y se compararon las puntuaciones que cada grupo obtuvo en los indicadores de CA por medio del MANOVA. Los datos mostraron efectos significativos en escritura en los grupos de problemas internalizados (PI), y en lectura en los grupos de problemas externalizados (PE). Se discuten los resultados de la influencia de los PIyE sobre la CA.
Positive impact of speech therapy in progressive non-fluent aphasia.
Authors: Andrade-Calderón Paola , Salvador-Cruz Judith , Sosa-Ortiz Ana Luisa
Published: October 2015

The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of intensive speech therapy intervention in a case of progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA). This is a dementia syndrome characterized by a progressive deficit in expressive language fluency and syntactic analysis, and by agrammatism and phonemic paraphasias. Although in the early stages there are no alterations in memory, comprehension, or visual processing, personality changes can slightly occur. To analyze the effects of speech therapy in this syndrome, a single case design with pre- and post-test was used. The participant was a male patient of 84 years with PNFA, who for twelve months received weekly speech therapy to stimulate the phonological, lexical and syntactic processing. He underwent neuropsychological assessment in three stages: six months before the onset of therapy, six months after therapy started and after completing 12 months of intervention. Assessment involved linguistic processing, general cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, quality of life (QOL) and activities of daily living (ADL). As a result of therapy, the patient showed a slight improvement in language prosody, fluency, and content of spontaneous speech, and a significant improvement in repetition, reading aloud, and oral-phonatory praxis. Other aspects of cognitive functioning (orientation, verbal naming, praxis, and memory) remained stable; ADLs and QoL improved. It is concluded that prolonged speech therapy can improve language processing and have a positive impact on other cognitive and socio-emotional processes in PNFA. This 12-month therapeutic stimulation not only slowed cognitive decline, but allowed to see maintenance of achievements and improvement of symptoms, which can be regarded as a success in PNFA treatment, considering the rapid progression of the disease.
If It Takes a Village to Foster Innovation, Success Depends on the Neighbors: The Effects of Global and Ego Networks on New Product Launches
Authors: Fang Eric (Er) , Lee Jongkuk , Palmatier Robert , Han Shunping
Published: October 2015

Launching breakthrough and incremental new products is vital to firm performance; it also resonates with both ego (i.e., directly connected partners) and global (i.e., interconnected ties in an industry) network perspectives. Prior research has listed several ego network– and global network–level factors that affect innovations, but this study goes a step further, to reveal the interactions of these factors as critical product launch mechanisms. An analysis of alliance networks in the consumer packaged goods industry from 1990 to 2010 shows that a central position in a global network represents a double-edged sword: it improves a firm's incremental new product launches but harms its breakthrough new product launches. Furthermore, a firm's ego network (manifested as density and diversity) and R&D capability enable it to leverage its global network position by enhancing the benefits for incremental new products and mitigating its hazards for breakthrough new products. This study's findings thus offer new insights into the role of ego and global networks in facilitating or hindering new product launches.
Walking in My Shoes: How Expectations of Role Reversal in Future Negotiations Affect Present Behaviors
Authors: Bagchi Rajesh , Koukova Nevena T. , Gurnani Haresh , Nagarajan Mahesh , Oza Shweta S.
Published: October 2015

The authors focus on repeated distributive negotiations to investigate how expectations of role reversal in future transactions (i.e., a buyer [seller] in one transaction is the seller [buyer] in the next transaction) affect behaviors in the current negotiation. They demonstrate that when negotiators expect a role reversal, they are likely to make more concessions and reach agreement more quickly in the current negotiation. The authors find that this effect is driven by negotiators’ beliefs that they will be able to recover these concessions, because negotiators expect their counterparts to reciprocate in the later transaction when the parties reverse roles. However, when the two negotiations occur in different “accounting” periods (i.e., fiscal periods) or when the negotiating parties do not explicitly communicate their willingness to reverse roles in the future, role-reversal expectations do not affect concession making. Implications arise in both managerial and consumer contexts where the possibility of engaging in future negotiations—as well as reversing roles—exists.
Voicing Dissonance
Authors: MacDonald Shana
Published: October 2015

This article examines how sound was used as an effective tool of formal resistance in the work of influential feminist filmmakers, Carolee Schneemann (United States), Gunvor Nelson (Sweden), and Joyce Wieland (Canada). While their work differs in both aesthetic approach and thematics, their strategic use of sound as a point of disruption within their early films set an important standard for future feminist experimental film practice. The article outlines how each filmmaker constructed a dialectical relationship between image and sound that often challenged viewers. Each produced defamiliarized landscapes out of domestic spaces commonly overcoded by gendered systems of representation, including the kitchen, the home, and the garden. Furthermore, each film offered alternative forms for articulating women's subjectivity that challenged the roles made available to them during the 1960s. Through close readings of Wieland's film Water Sark (1965), Schneemann's film Plumb Line (1968–71), and Nelson's film My Name Is Oona (1969), the article demonstrates how each artist advanced a critical politics through sound-image dissonance.
Identification of ABCC8 as a contributory gene to impaired early-phase insulin secretion in NZO mice
Authors: Andrikopoulos Sofianos , Fam Barbara C , Holdsworth Anita , Visinoni Sherley , Ruan Zheng , Stathopoulos Maria , Thorburn Anne W , Joannides Christos N , Cancilla Michael , Balmer Lois , Proietto Joseph , Morahan Grant
Published: October 2015

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with defective insulin secretion, which in turn contributes to worsening glycaemic control and disease progression. The genetic cause(s) associated with impaired insulin secretion in T2D are not well elucidated. Here we used the polygenic New Zealand Obese (NZO) mouse model, which displays all the cardinal features of T2D including hyperglycaemia to identify genes associated with β-cell dysfunction. A genome-wide scan identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 7 associated with defective glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Using congenic strains, the locus was narrowed to two candidate genes encoding the components of the KATP channel: Abcc8 (SUR1) and Kcnj11 (Kir6.2). The NZO Abcc8 allele was associated with a ∼211 bp deletion in its transcript and reduced expression of SUR1. Transgenic NZO mice were generated that expressed the WT Abcc8/Kcnj11 genes and displayed significant improvements in early-phase glucose-mediated insulin secretion and glucose tolerance, confirming Abcc8 as a causative gene. Importantly, we showed that despite improving β-cell function in the NZO transgenic mice, there was no enhancement of insulin sensitivity or body weight. This study provides evidence for a role of Abcc8 in early-phase glucose-mediated insulin secretion and validates this gene as a contributor to β-cell dysfunction in T2D.
The landscape of universal quantification in Old Hungarian
Authors: Bende-Farkas Ágnes
Published: October 2015

This paper presents the system of Old Hungarian expressions conveying universal or maximal readings, as found in Old Hungarian codices. The main empirical findigs are that (i) the OH suffix-keed could be a (temporal) universal quantifier. Expressions with such suffixes can help reconstruct quantifiers from the head-final stage of Hungarian. (ii) Old Hungarian had bare pronouns that acquired a bound, quantificational reading from long-distance operators. Against such a background, minden is claimed to be a quintessential strong D-quantifier: It could undergo raising, and its scope was flexible (within syntactic islands). (iii) These properties of minden are distinctive within the class of particle + indeterminate pronoun complexes (such as vala-ki lit. ‘vala-who’, ‘somebody’), which could be said to lack quantificational force.
Applications of Fuzzy Technology in Business Intelligence
Authors: Meyer Andreas , Zimmermann Hans-Jürgen
Published: October 2015

Fuzzy Set Theory has been developed during the last decades to a demanding mathematical theory. There exist more than 50,000 publications in this area by now. Unluckily the number of reports on applications of fuzzy technology has become very scarce. The reasons for that are manifold: Real applications are normally not single-method-applications but rather complex combinations of different techniques, which are not suited for a publication in a journal. Sometimes considerations of competition my play a role, and sometimes the theoretical core of an application is not suited for publication. In this paper we shall focus on applications of fuzzy technology on real problems in business management. Two versions of fuzzy technology will be used: Fuzzy Knowledge based systems and fuzzy clustering. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with basic fuzzy set theory and the goal of the paper is, to show that the potential of applying fuzzy technology in management is still very large and hardly exploited so far.
Políticas de reinserción post penitenciaria. Eliminación de antecedentes penales en Chile
Authors: Espinoza Mavila Olga
Published: October 2015

El artículo expone la política post penitenciaria vigente en Chile a partir de una investigación realizada por el Centro de Estudios en Seguridad Ciudadana (CESC) en el año 2006, sobre programas estatales y no gubernamentales de asistencia post penitenciaria, con énfasis en la caracterización de quienes acceden a la eliminación de antecedentes penales, indagando particularmente sobre la situación de las mujeres y de aquellos que no logran concluir el proceso. Asimismo, muestra que la asistencia postpenitenciaria estatal se encuentra focalizada en la eliminación de antecedentes penales y que la limitada cobertura de otros programas de reinserción más integrales no responde a las necesidades de los beneficiarios y a las propias de una política de seguridad ciudadana, destacando la urgencia de diseñar programas de soporte para quienes han cumplido penas privativas de libertad, por tratarse del segmento más expuesto a consolidar una carrera delictual.
Las evaluaciones de impacto de los planes de recolección de armas en Brasil : alcances y limitaciones
Authors: Otamendi Alejandra
Published: October 2015

El artículo realiza una síntesis de evaluación de los estudios que evalúan el impacto del Estatuto de Desarme y del Plan de Entrega Voluntaria de Armas en la violencia en Brasil (2003-2005). La dificultad para aislar el impacto neto que tuvieron dichas medidas en un fenómeno multicausal como la violencia requiere un diseño de evaluación complejo. De las evaluaciones analizadas, se destacan los diseños cuasi experimentales que comparan series temporales y que, a través de modelos multivariados, incluyen explicaciones complementarias sobre el descenso de la violencia. A partir de las evaluaciones más rigurosas, se puede concluir que los planes de recolección de armas son efectivos para reducir la violencia si son combinados con otras medidas de seguridad y con mejoras socioeconómicas, especialmente a nivel estatal.
Definiciones y clasificaciones de armas de fuego
Authors: Ávila Marianela , Proaño Fernanda , Gómez Andrés
Published: October 2015

El siguiente comparativo realiza contrastes entre definiciones y clasificaciones de las armas de fuego, entre el comercio legal e ilegal, entre los países productores, exportadores e importadores, entre las tasas de homicidio por armas de fuego en los países de América Latina y entre los países en cuanto a su legislación sobre control y tenencia de armas, violencia armada y homicidios.
Delincuencia sexual y populismo penal en Colombia
Authors: Velandia Montes Rafael
Published: October 2015

Actualmente hay un uso recurrente del Derecho Penal como instrumento estatal para enfrentar conflictos sociales variados. Modificaciones legislativas son hechas sin consideración a su necesidad y eficacia y se busca satisfacer intereses particulares, no la solución de conflictos sociales. Un actor de primer orden, aunque no el único, en el uso excesivo del Derecho Penal está constituido por los políticos, que, en busca de prestigio político con fines electorales, continuamente formulan propuestas de reforma legal que aumentan el campo de acción del Derecho Penal. Este aumento genera consecuencias negativas como sobrecarga de trabajo y un mayor desprestigio a una ya congestionada y bastante desacreditada justicia penal. Esta tendencia, denominada populismo penal, será estudiada en relación con su existencia en Colombia y la delincuencia sexual.
Barrios seguros para las mujeres
Authors: Carrión M. Fernando
Published: October 2015

Este artículo analiza la transformación de la geografía delictiva en el actual ciclo de violencia que vivimos, al tiempo que se propone visibilizar el alcance de la violencia de género en este proceso. Debido a que la ecuación violencia urbana/violencia de género aumenta la violencia doméstica, psicológica, sexual y física, y produce efectos sobre otros sectores como niños y jóvenes, de allí la necesidad de una política urbana que incorpore la variable de género y fortalezca el empoderamiento de la mujeres, en los comités barriales de promoción, planificación y coordinación de la seguridad.
Reformas del sistema nacional de seguridad pública en México
Authors: Barrachina Carlos , Hernández Juan Ignacio
Published: October 2015

En este trabajo se hace un resumen de las diferentes estrategias que el presidente de México Felipe Calderón ha implantado, conjuntamente con el Sistema Nacional de Seguridad Pública, y los Gobernadores del país a efectos de reformar la organización y funcionamiento de las instituciones policiales mexicanas en orden a mejorar su eficacia. A pesar de ello la oposición a algunas reformas ha sido importante. En la transición hacia el modelo policial que persiguen sus políticas se muestra que un número muy importante de militares retirados han asumido funciones de dirección política de las policías mexicanas. Se reflexiona brevemente sobre la oportunidad de ello.
Comparativo
Authors: Ávila Marianela , Proaño Fernanda , Gómez Andrés
Published: October 2015

Comparativo
Seguridad democrática y militarización en Colombia : más allá del conflicto armado
Authors: Moreno Torres Aurora
Published: October 2015

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar hasta qué punto el proceso de militarización en Colombia, que se viene dando en la última década como parte de la llamada política de seguridad, ha incidido en la agudización de la violencia, el desplazamiento forzado y la violación de los derechos humanos, justificado en la derrota a la insurgencia mediante la confrontación militar. El aumento en el pie de fuerza no ha dado lugar a mayor seguridad ni al fin del conflicto armado; por el contrario, ha generado pérdida de libertades civiles y políticas. En el artículo se mencionan las principales características desarrolladas durante la vigencia de esta política.
Desafíos institucionales de la colaboración policial-militar : el Triángulo Norte
Authors: Zúñiga Collado Liza
Published: October 2015

Los altos niveles de inseguridad que afectan al Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica (El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras) y la falta de capacidad de sus policías han sido la base para sustentar la colaboración policial-militar como estrategia. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los desafíos que dicha colaboración presenta a las instituciones del sector seguridad, analizando en primer lugar los vacíos de la normativa vigente y, en segundo lugar, las capacidades institucionales (en cuanto a presupuesto y personal) en cada país. Luego se analizan los resultados de dicha estrategia de acuerdo con los datos de delincuencia disponibles y, por último, se entrega una reflexión sobre los desafíos de esta estrategia de acuerdo a la información presentada, demostrando que el acomodo institucional no ha sido del todo desarrollado y que faltan aún materias por resolver para transparentar estos procesos.
¿Por qué no se despenalizan las drogas? : razones de la vigencia de una política fallida
Authors: Pontón Cevallos Daniel
Published: October 2015

El presente trabajo analiza las actuales propuestas en torno a la despenalización y legalización de las drogas psicotrópicas discutidas con mucho énfasis por autoridades y opinión pública. Se argumentará que si bien es un avance importante hacer que el poder político discuta y cuestione abiertamente la prohibición de las drogas a nivel mundial, la variedad de propuestas presentadas se enfrentan a inconsistencias técnicas que hacen inviable una tesis de este estilo para los fines planteados. Por el contrario, el tema sobre el prohibicionismo debe ser ubicado y mirado como un problema de alto espectro geopolítico mundial, lo cual impide una posible superación de este paradigma en el corto, mediano y largo plazo.
La privatización de la seguridad en la región andina: desde el epicentro colombiano, alertas para la región
Authors: Burbano Hinojosa Carla Paola
Published: October 2015

Este trabajo tratará de evidenciar los riesgos que supone la necesidad de adoptar un enfoque transnacional para resolver los problemas de inseguridad en la región, al demostrar que no solo los actores no estatales de inseguridad en la región andina influyen en la definición de una nueva cartografía de seguridad, sino que, además, son los actores no estatales de seguridad, es decir, los Contratistas Militares de Seguridad Privada (CMSP) un elemento clave en la reestructuración de la seguridad en la zona andina, como efecto del vaciamiento de un elemento fundamental del Estado nación, el monopolio de la violencia. En este contexto, el conflicto colombiano adquiere centralidad por su alianza estratégica con Estados Unidos y por los efectos que provoca a nivel regional. Esto evidenciaría la intervención estratégica del estado hegemónico (Estados Unidos) a través del desarrollo casi imperceptible de lo que se conoce como “guerra irresctricta”.
La amnistía en el proceso transicional negociado
Authors: Serrano Suárez Stephania
Published: October 2015

El presente trabajo tiene como trasfondo la pregunta referida a cómo lograr la paz, una vez culminado un conflicto armado de relevancia internacional. Pretende reflexionar específicamente acerca de la viabilidad de algún tipo de amnistía en el marco de un proceso de justicia de transición, como medida que delimite razonable, objetiva y proporcionalmente la persecución penal en el contexto de negociaciones de paz con las que se busque imponer un punto final a un conflicto armado. Evidentemente, la aplicación de una amnistía representa una muy seria contradicción con las obligaciones internacionales de investigar, juzgar y sancionar por la comisión de crímenes internacionales en el territorio del Estado. En este trabajo se toma como elemento de análisis la doctrina internacional y la jurisprudencia interamericana, en especial la sentencia de la Corte IDH (sentencia en el caso Mozote) en la cual al parecer el juez García-Sayán, en su voto concurrente, deja abierta la posibilidad de que el Estado pueda recurrir a una amnistía con el objetivo de poner fin a un conflicto armado interno.
La actualidad política de los países andinos centrales en el gobierno de izquierda, de Yusuke Murakami
Authors: Morales Alfonso Liudmila
Published: October 2015

Reseña 1.