bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POCKMARKS AND METHANE CONTENT IN THE LAKE SEDIMENTS OF YAMAL PENINSULA
Authors: ОБЛОГОВ Г.Е. , ВАСИЛЬЕВ А.А. , ОРЕХОВ П.Т. , САВВИЧЕВ А.С. , СТРЕЛЕЦКАЯ И.Д.
Published: September 2024

Приводятся результаты изучения проявлений и размеров газовых воронок в озерах трех биоклиматических зон Ямала - северной (арктической), типичной и южной тундры. Установлено, что диаметр газовых воронок в озерах закономерно увеличивается от 1.9 м в северной тундре до 7.7 м в южной кустарниковой тундре. Газовые воронки занимают от 0.5 до 4.3 % мелководий озер. Содержание метана в озерных отложениях в два и более раз выше, чем в породах сезонноталого и переходного слоев доминантных ландшафтов. В зоне типичной тундры содержание метана в озерных отложениях обычно составляет около 7 мл/кг, но в отдельных случаях может достигать 18 мл/кг и более. Вероятно, именно в таких озерах с повышенным содержанием метана в донных отложениях происходят газовые выбросы и формируются газовые воронки. После дренирования (осушения) озер начинается промерзание озерных котловин (хасыреев) и формирование криогенного строения отложений. Через 8-10 лет после осушения озерных котловин продолжаются сукцессионные изменения, формирование переходного слоя еще не завершено.

The paper presents the results of studying the appearance and sizes of pockmarks in lakes of three bioclimatic zones of Yamal: northern (arctic), typical, and southern tundra. The diameter of pockmarks in the lakes increases from 1.9 m in the northern tundra to 7.7 m in the southern shrub tundra. Pockmarks occupy from 0.5 to 4.3 % of the shallow-water lake area. The content of methane in lake sediments is two or more times higher than in the sediments of the active and transition layers of dominant landscapes. In the typical tundra zone, the methane content in lake sediments is usually about 7 mL/kg, but in some cases it can reach 18 mL/kg and more. Probably, these are the lakes with the high methane content in bottom sediments, where gas emissions can occur and pockmarks can form. After drainage (drying) of the lakes, lake basins (khasyreys) are subjected to freezing, and the cryogenic structure of lake sediments is formed. Eight-ten years after drying, succession changes in the former lake bottoms continue, and the formation of the transition layer is not yet completed.
El acceso a la justicia de las poblaciones indígenas. Una necesidad desde el lenguaje
Authors: Hurtado Giovana
Published: September 2024

Indigenous peoples face limitations in understanding the justice system due to linguistic and cultural barriers; therefore, the use of clear and accessible language is essential for them to exercise their rights and participate effectively in judicial processes. Through a documentary review of the problems faced by indigenous peoples in accessing justice, the strategies developed by the Peruvian judiciary are described. It is stated that, despite the existence of regulations and policies that guarantee access to translators and interpreters in the judicial sphere, the actions are limited and need to be strengthened. There is a need for strategies that are sustained over time, and that allow their impact to be measured in order to evaluate their relevance and effectiveness. It is concluded that there is a need to develop a language policy focused on justice, which includes incentives —in the training of indigenous lawyers— as a mechanism for the preservation of indigenous languages. It also highlights the importance of language planning in the administration of justice in order to have native language-speaking operators in each judicial district, speciality and instance.
Pintas negras o moradas que llaman vulgarmente alfombrilla: las voces coloquiales en el discurso médico guatemalteco del siglo XVIII
Authors: Ramírez Luengo José Luis
Published: September 2024

Aunque se detecta actualmente un auge en el estudio del léxico médico de la Hispanoamérica dieciochesca, lo cierto es que todavía existe una profunda falta de información sobre esta cuestión, muy especialmente en el caso de ciertas áreas del continente, tales como Guatemala. A causa de esto, este trabajo pretende analizar las voces coloquiales que emplea el doctor José Felipe Flores en su Instrucción sobre el modo de practicar la inoculación de las viruelas (Guatemala, 1794), que alternan en el texto con los vocablos especializados y que representan de manera muy probable el léxico con el que los no profesionales se enfrentan a la experiencia de la enfermedad y de su tratamiento, todo lo cual sirve para comprender más profundamente la creación del discurso médico de la Guatemala colonial. Así, tras definir voz coloquial y la metodología seguida para su detección, se clasifican y analizan estos elementos y se concluye que su aparición en el texto está relacionada con el afán divulgativo que caracteriza a la obra.
Tipos de señas inicializadas en la lengua de señas peruana (LSP): una propuesta de clasificación
Authors: Malca-Belén Marco
Published: September 2024

O objetivo do presente estudo é classificar os sinais inicializados na Língua de Sinais Peruana (LSP). Para isso, a pesquisa contou com a participação de um consultor Surdo peruano que, com base em seu julgamento gramatical como usuário nativo da LSP, identificou, a partir de um conjunto de dados, os sinais formados por inicialização, que foram posteriormente analisados pelo autor do estudo. Os resultados mostram que os sinais inicializados em LSP podem ser classificados com base em três critérios: 1) de acordo com o número de letras, são agrupados em duas grandes classes: os que representam uma letra e os que representam mais de uma letra; 2) de acordo com sua origem, são agrupados em duas grandes classes: os que se originam deoutros sinais e os que não, e 3) de acordo com suas relações de significado, são divididos em seis classes: sinais que são casos de homonímia, sinais que são casos de sinonímia, sinais com significados do tipo subdomínio > domínio, sinais com significados do tipo domínio > subdomínio, sinais com significados do tipo subdomínio > subdomínio e aqueles que se organizam em famílias de sinais. Concluímos que o espanhol deixou uma marca importante na formação de palavras em LSP.
Dificultades en la interpretación y su influencia en las preferencias de direccionalidad de las intérpretes de lengua de signos española (ILSE)
Authors: González-Montesino Rayco H. , Saavedra-Rodríguez Silvia
Published: September 2024

Directionality preferences in interpreting is a controversial topic for the academic and professional community, which questions which direction requires less effort and produces higher quality interpreting. In the case of oral language interpreters, it is suggested that the least difficult, accurate and preferred direction is towards the mother tongue. However, in signed languages, studies show the opposite preference, even though the professionals consider themselves to be less proficient and competent in sign language. With this non-experimental study with an exploratory-descriptive scope, we intend to find out the directionality preferences of Spanish sign language interpreters (ILSE) and the factors that condition them. A self-administered questionnaire was used in which 101 ILSE participated. The results suggest that professionals prefer and perceive a higher quality of interpretation into sign language, despite having acquired it as a second language and declaring themselves less competent. Among the factors that condition them, training, experience, and perceived difficulties in direct interpreting stand out. However, after this first approximation, we consider that it would be necessary to analyze the real difficulties of each interpreting direction and their impact on performance.
Lenguas de Señas para todos: enseñanza e interculturalidad
Authors: Lovón Marco
Published: September 2024

Sign languages are natural and native languages. In recent years they have gained importance in the university context in the area of research, development of materials, and academic events. Some research groups have been created and are dedicated to their grammatical, pedagogical or technological study. The aim of this paper is to give an account of the academic work on the dissemination, teaching and interculturality of sign languages. To this end, the following events are highlighted: 1) the International Congress of Sign Languages held in Peru, 2) the thematic dossier on sign languages, 3) LSP (Peruvian Sign Language) in Peruvian universities, and 4) Artificial intelligence assistance for this language. This research gives relevance to the thematic publication on sign languages and to the work done by university institutions in favor of linguistic research on sign languages, which show their commitment to the deaf community.
Motor transport development in Klaipėda district in 1900-1939
Authors: Žukas Julius
Published: September 2024

The first car in Klaipėda District (Memelgebiet) appeared in 1900, while motor transport started to spread from the 3rd decade of the XX century. In the beginning of 1920, there were 49 cars registered in the district, in 1922, 108 cars registered, while by the end of 1928 - 307 cars registered. The most popular were passenger cars, whereas buses were the latest to appear and the least widespread. At the end of 1937, there were 390 passenger cars, 99 trucks, and 40 buses registered in the district. Most of the cars were registered in Klaipėda city. Compared to the Lithuanian Republic, the degree of motor transport prevalence in Klaipėda district was greater: in 1938 there were 903 residents per one car in Lithuania and 222 residents per one car in the Klaipėda district.
In Klaipėda district, the most widespread were German and American cars, popular makes being Opel, Ford, Chevrolet, and Mercedes Benz. From the 4th decade of the XX century, passenger motor transport started to develop rapidly in Klaipėda district. In 1930, there were 13 interurban bus service routes operating, transporting 166,870 passengers, whereas in 1937 - 23 routes and 397,537 passengers transported. Most of the routes were operated by one bus; an exception was resort routes Klaipėda - Palanga and Klaipėda - Giruliai during the summer season. Starting from the middle of the 4th decade, post buses began to dominate in interurban bus services. In 1938, post administration had 18 buses. From 1934, passenger bus transport was functioning in Klaipėda city with 12 buses running on four routes. In 1935, city buses (exploited by a company belonging to Klaipėda municipality) transported 1,364 million passengers, in 1936 - 1,519 million, in 1937 - 1,752 million passengers. Most of the passengers were transported by the first route uniting Klaipėda railway station and the industrial Smeltė (Schmelz) suburb.
Car exploitation and traffic rules in Klaipėda district were strictly regulated; the main normative acts were prepared in the 4th decade of the XX century. A person needed to receive permission to use a vehicle, and such permission had to be extended annually. Car owners were also obligated to pay an annual fee, which was calculated for passenger cars according to engine power, and for trucks and buses - according to weight. Only persons with a driver's license who completed an officially accredited driving school could drive a car. According to a decree dated 1933, the organization order of passenger motor transport was also regulated in detail. Based on decrees of the district's authority, people were punished for violation of traffic rules (exceeding the speed limit, driving drunk, using a car without permission extended, etc.), and the most frequent penalty applied was monetary fines. In autumn 1938, motorized transport police was established in Klaipėda district for traffic supervision.
Latvia and Estonia's View to the Separation of Klaipėda from Lithuania in 1939
Authors: Butkus Zenonas , Llmjärv Magnus
Published: September 2024

The article focuses on a topic that has never been tackled and constructively investigated in historiography. The issue of Klaipėda, which was one of the key international problems for Lithuania in interwar years, affected the international status and the stability of its northern neighbor countries, including other Baltic states - Latvia and Estonia. In 1923, having confirmed the annexation of Klaipėda region to Lithuania, they were both concerned that Lithuania would retain it, thereby preventing the historical German expansion from renewing in the northeast direction. In essence, the subject of Klaipėda did not prevent Lithuania from cooperating with Latvia and Estonia and from clustering into the Baltic Entente. This question did not belong to the "specific" problems pointed out in the peace treaty of the 12th of September 1934, which constituted an exception in the cooperation of the three Baltic countries.
Latvia's backing of Lithuania in seeking to preserve Klaipėda is more tangible. The decision made by the Latvian government to transform the Consulate in Klaipėda into a General Consulate and to appoint Janis Seskis, a well-known politician and diplomat, as Consul is considered as support to Lithuania. The activity of the Latvian General Consul in Klaipėda was useful for Lithuania, giving the impression that not only Germany had exceptional rights in the Klaipėda region but that Latvia was also interested in it. The three-day visit of the Latvian navy to Klaipėda harbor (from the 5th to the 8th of August in 1935) is also considered as a beneficial action on the part of Latvia.
Estonia's attempt to mediate in the argument between Germany and Lithuania over Klaipėda in 1938 by advising Lithuania to give Klaipėda to Germany by good will before they occupied it by force is not treated as an action directed against Lithuania either. That action was determined by the Estonian military and diplomatic office's belief that peace and stability could be preserved in Europe by satisfying Germany's ethnically-based territorial requirements. Estonian leaders also assumed that the most dangerous enemy of Estonia was the USSR, which could also be resisted with the help of Germany. Therefore, no Baltic country could afford to be in conflict with Germany.
The loss of Klaipėda was considered by Estonia as an inevitable and imminent event, whereas Latvia treated it as a reprehensible fact of German expansion that Lithuania had to face and experience. Yielding Klaipėda did not stabilize the international status of Baltic countries but worsened it because the danger of USSR aggression became more intense, especially and primarily for Estonia and Latvia. This fact only indicates once more that the security of all three Baltic states is undivided.
Editorial Board and Table of Contents
Authors: Pšibilskis Vygintas Bronius
Published: September 2024

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Relativistic conception of heritage protection: preconditions, principles, opportunities
Authors: Kulevičius Salvijus
Published: September 2024

The relativistic conception of the heritage protection phenomenon is actualized in this article – the motives of such viewing existence, its underlying theoretical principles are formulated, and some tendencies of modern theory of the heritage protection are criticized based upon it. The conclusions of comparative analyses of various social heritage protection concepts and practices, and the experience of the international heritage protection (UNESCO, ICOMOS, ICCROM), give preconditions for the existence of this conception. In the first case, the comparison of the European, USA, Japanese, and other examples states that there exist different, and sometimes incompatible and even contradictory interpretations of this conception. In the last decade of the 20th century, it was also realized in the international heritage protection: from the search for universal standards of the heritage protection, one came to the acknowledgment of its relativity. Its angular point is considered to be the Nara Document on Authenticity (1994). Unfortunately, the relativistic perspective is not sufficiently adopted in the theoretical plane of the heritage protection, and this, first of all, leads to some mistakes and failures. The most typical and vivid of them is the presentation of one society's conception, most often that of the European countries, as the whole of the heritage protection phenomenon. There still is the vital and progressive evaluation. Moreover, there dominate the researches oriented to generalization (and at the same time to the partial levelling), but not to the revelation of the concrete social conceptions of the heritage protection. This illustrates perfectly well one of the most popular matrixes (paradigmatic model) of the heritage protection research – critical analysis. Three underlying principles of the relativistic conception of the heritage protection are stated based upon the modern provision of the heritage protection practice – the principles of multiperspectiveness, conventionality, and equivalence. They respectively describe that the heritage protection is ideologically and practically expressed as a variety of conceptions, that these conceptions are determined by the lifestyle and needs of a concrete society, and that all conceptions are equally good and correct.
Stanislovas Lazutka (1923 05 07 - 2009 07 06)
Authors: Gudavičius Edvardas , Vlasova Tatjana
Published: September 2024

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Assessment of endogenous and exogenous factors in children's atopic dermatitis and the impact of the disease on quality of life and behavioral difficulties
Authors:   , Kisielienė Inga
Published: September 2024

Vaikų atopinio dermatito endogeninių ir egzogeninių veiksnių bei ligos įtakos gyvenimo kokybei ir elgesio sunkumams vertinimas
Preventive treatment of pigeons - a myth that fanciers will avenge
Authors: Zigo František , Ondrašovičová Silvia , Farkašová Zuzana
Published: September 2024

In today's world, high demands are placed on the performance and health of racing pigeons. A pleasing appearance and the ability to deliver top performance are the two most significant qualities that breeders strive to achieve in their stock. To ensure and time the pigeons' peak condition properly, the functionality of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and immune systems is crucial, as well as preventing acquired diseases during the racing season. To enhance their racers' performance, breeders often use various supplements and veterinary medications. Many of them believe that to maintain form during the racing season, they must continually administer these medications to their pigeons, a practice known as "constant treatment." However, they do not realize that frequent administration of various drugs (especially antibiotics and corticosteroids) disrupts the immune system. This leads to immunodeficiency, where homeostasis and pH levels are disturbed, gut microflora deteriorates, and the risk of various diseases increases. It is important to remember that improper and reckless application of any supplements and medications can harm the entire stock.
Ankyloglossia: misinformation vs. evidence regarding its effects on feeding, speech, and other functions
Authors: Kummer Ann W 
Published: September 2024

Ankyloglossia, commonly, known as “tongue-tie,” is a congenital condition where a short, and often thickened lingual frenulum attaches the anterior tongue tip to the floor of the mouth. As a result of this “tie,” there is a restriction of tongue-tip movement. While ankyloglossia is sometimes associated with difficulties in breastfeeding newborns, the impact on speech production remains a topic of serious debate among professionals. The purpose of this article is to examine the current evidence regarding the effect of ankyloglossia on structure and function, particularly the effect on neonatal feeding and speech. Hopefully, this evidence will inform the practice of otolaryngologists, speech-language pathologists, and other relevant professionals for the benefit of affected children.
Fluctuations and Power Low Distribution Function in Nonequilibrium Systems
Authors: Lev B. , Zagorodny A.
Published: September 2024

The Fokker–Planck equation is formulated for the distribution functions of macroscopic open systems in the space of slowly changing physical variables (energy, adiabatic invariants, etc.). The stationary solution of such equations determines a quasi-equilibrium distribution function in the relevant space. The proposed approach involves the evolution of systems under the action of dissipation and diffusion in the space of the appropriate variables. It is shown that the well-known power law distribution can be obtained by considering internal and external fluctuations in statistical systems.
Symmetry and Value of the Order Parameter in 2d Nematic Superconductors
Authors: Loktev V.M. , Turkowski V.
Published: September 2024

We derive equations for the superconducting nematic order parameter and chemical potential for the hexagonal lattice by accounting for nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor hoppings of electrons. By analyzing the energy of the superconducting ground state, we have found that the symmetry of the order parameter and some other superconducting properties of the system strongly depend on the sign and the magnitude of the next-nearest neighbor hopping. As we will demonstrate, both extended s- and d-pairings significantly contribute to the pairing in the system, that be tuned by changing the hopping parameters. We discuss a possible connection of the obtained results to the properties of several doped monolayer superconductors – graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides.
To the Theory of the Lamb Shift in the Relativistic Hydrogen Atom
Authors: Eremko A.A. , Brizhik L.S. , Loktev V.M.
Published: September 2024

Radiative corrections which remove the accidental degeneracy in the spectrum of the relativistic hydrogen atom and lead to the modification of the Coulomb law, are calculated within the novel approach, based on the exact solution of the Dirac equation with the Coulomb potential. The energy spectrum of the hydrogen atom is obtained with account for these corrections, and the Lamb shift is calculated for the lowest energy states.
Development and Analysis of novel Integrable Nonlinear Dynamical Systems on Quasi-One-Dimensional Lattices. Parametrically Driven Nonlinear System of Pseudo-Excitations on a Two-Leg Ladder Lattice
Authors: Vakhnenko O.O. , Vakhnenko V.O.
Published: September 2024

Following the main principles of developing the evolutionary nonlinear integrable systems on quasi-one-dimensional lattices, we suggest a novel nonlinear integrable system of parametrically driven pseudo-excitations on a regular two-leg ladder lattice. The initial (prototype) form of the system is derivable in the framework of semi-discrete zero-curvature equation with the spectral and evolution operators specified by the properly organized 3 × 3 square matrices. Although the lowest conserved local densities found via the direct recursive method do not prompt us the algebraic structure of system’s Hamiltonian function, but the heuristically substantiated search for the suitable two-stage transformation of prototype field functions to the physically motivated ones has allowed to disclose the physically meaningful nonlinear integrable system with time-dependent longitudinal and transverse inter-site coupling parameters. The time dependencies of inter-site coupling parameters in the transformed system are consistently defined in terms of the accompanying parametric driver formalized by the set of four homogeneous ordinary linear differential equations with the time-dependent coefficients. The physically meaningful parametrically driven nonlinear system permits its concise Hamiltonian formulation with the two pairs of field functions serving as the two pairs of canonically conjugated field amplitudes. The explicit example of oscillatory parametric drive is described in full mathematical details.
Influence of Photon Subsystem on the Magnetic Properties of Quantum Gases
Authors: Bulakhov M. , Peletminskii A.S. , Slyusarenko Yu.V.
Published: September 2024

The possibility for the photon component to affect the magnetic properties of a system of quantum gases of two-level atoms staying in thermodynamic equilibrium with radiation (photons) has been studied. A corresponding simple model has been proposed, which enabled the general equations describing the thermodynamic equilibrium in this system to be derived. The resulting equations are solved in the temperature interval far from the degeneracy temperatures of all three system components. The analysis of the solutions testified to a non-trivial behavior of the system’s magnetic state as a response to changes in the photon density and the intensity of the external magnetic field. It is shown that the growth of the photon density induced in the system by external sources can increase both system’s magnetization and the density of excited atoms. Such a conclusion is not trivial a priori given the fact that photons in the vacuum have no magnetic moment.
RELASI TOKOH MASYARAKAT DAN LEMBAGA NEGARA DALAM PENCEGAHAN PERKAWINAN USIA DINI PASCA UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2019
Authors: Kamarusdiana Kamarusdiana , Rasyid Harun , Ilahi M. Ridho , Shomad Bisri Abd
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The public's understanding of the legal provisions regarding the minimum marriage age remains varied, with many still holding limited knowledge. Some communities continue to follow norms and traditions that allow marriage at a younger age, leading to conflicts with existing legal frameworks. This study aims to assess the public's knowledge of early marriage age limits and analyze the efforts made by religious and community leaders, along with government institutions, in preventing early marriages in the Thousand Islands. The research utilizes a qualitative method, drawing data from literature reviews and interviews with community figures and local government representatives. The results indicate that religious leaders play a crucial role by providing education through Friday sermons and lectures, while community leaders emphasize the importance of delaying marriage until a more mature age through socialization programs. On the government side, policies are implemented based on Law No. 16 of 2019, which raises the minimum marriage age. The findings underscore the significance of collaboration between community leaders and government institutions in overcoming cultural challenges and promoting legal awareness. The implications of this study suggest that a more integrated approach involving continuous public education and policy enforcement is essential to further reduce early marriage cases. Abstrak. Pemahaman masyarakat terkait ketentuan hukum mengenai usia minimum pernikahan masih bervariasi, dengan banyak yang masih memiliki pengetahuan terbatas. Beberapa komunitas masih mengikuti norma dan tradisi yang memperbolehkan pernikahan di usia yang lebih muda, sehingga menyebabkan konflik dengan kerangka hukum yang berlaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengetahuan masyarakat tentang batas usia pernikahan dini dan menganalisis upaya yang dilakukan oleh tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat, serta lembaga pemerintah dalam mencegah pernikahan dini di Kepulauan Seribu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari tinjauan literatur dan wawancara dengan tokoh masyarakat serta perwakilan pemerintah setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh agama memainkan peran penting melalui edukasi dalam khutbah Jumat dan ceramah, sementara tokoh masyarakat menekankan pentingnya menunda pernikahan hingga usia yang lebih matang melalui program sosialisasi. Dari sisi pemerintah, kebijakan diterapkan berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 2019 yang menaikkan usia minimum untuk menikah. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya kolaborasi antara tokoh masyarakat dan lembaga pemerintah dalam mengatasi tantangan budaya dan meningkatkan kesadaran hukum. Implikasi penelitian ini menyarankan pendekatan yang lebih terintegrasi dengan edukasi masyarakat yang berkelanjutan dan penegakan kebijakan yang lebih kuat untuk mengurangi kasus pernikahan dini.
The role of ISDS in the Russian–Ukrainian conflict
Authors: Hajdu Gábor
Published: September 2024

Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) has long served as an effective remedy for disputes between foreign investors and host states. In the context of the Russian–Ukrainian conflict, ISDS has gained particular prominence as a potential tool for advancing the legal claims of private persons even in wartime or otherwise hostile situations. In particular, we had a slew of ISDS cases between Ukrainian investors and Russia, especially in relation to Crimea. This has also raised a number of questions regarding territory and annexation within the context of international law, which the arbitration tribunals had to address. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of ISDS for enforcing private claims in wartime, and to assess the judgments of the arbitration tribunals, with the addition of Russian ISDS cases against Ukraine as well, to serve as a contrast.
Inwestycyjny charakter ubezpieczeń na życie z ubezpieczeniowym funduszem kapitałowym
Authors: Jedynak Tomasz
Published: September 2024

The paper considers the issue of unit-linked life insurance, and seeks to verify two hypotheses: that unit-linked life insurance products available on the Polish market have an investment character, and that their main purpose is to multiply invested capital. The study was based on a detailed analysis of the General Terms and Conditions of Insurance, a review of the market of unit-linked life insurance with a particular emphasis on the insurers' marketing communication and available statistics. It was found that there was no basis to reject the hypotheses, which means that the unit-linked life insurance products in the Polish market represent an alternative form of investment to those offered by other financial institutions. It was also found that the protective part in these products is marginal, and the aim of isolating it is strictly for the legal classification of certain products like unit-linked life insurance.
Electrodeposition of alloys from halide melts in solid state
Authors:   Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Isakov Andrey V. , Chernyshev Alexander A. ,   Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Apisarov Alexey P. ,   Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Zaikov Yuri P. ,   Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science
Published: September 2024

This review manuscript considers the conditions of metal co-deposition to obtain alloys in the solid state by electrolysis of halide molten salts. The conditions for co-deposition below the melting point of the deposited components from molten salts are considered. The possibilities of the method for co-deposition of alloys from molten salts under the action of direct electric current were summarized. The review considers the main factors affecting the co-deposition process in the solid state, including thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. Methods for the synthesis of various alloys system (melting point of which can be above 1000 °C) and experimental approaches used to organize the process of joint electrodeposition were considered. The results of a comparative analysis of experimental data obtained under various synthesis conditions were presented in order to determine the dependences between the electrolysis parameters and the composition of the alloys.
Fast sintering of ceramics
Authors:   Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gorelov Valery P.
Published: September 2024

The present work is focused on the analysis of the process of fast sintering of a powder matrix at low temperatures, when the atomic diffusion rate is low. A resonant sintering model based on phonon vibration of particles is proposed. The analysis of the conditions necessary for the implementation of the process of fast sintering of ceramics is presented.
Corrigendum to “Exploring the use of technology designed to support the supervision process in teacher training placements” Nordvei 8 (2023), e3745
Authors: Bjørndal Cato , Mathisen Petter , Wennergren Ann-Christine , Thornberg Fredrik
Published: September 2024

The original article mentions that two of the authors contributed to the development of the software used in the study, but it did not include a complete conflict of interest statement. The statement should read as follows:
The software underpinning this study was initially developed by the University of Agder, building upon prior research by Mathisen and Bjørndal (2016), two of the four authors of this article. Subsequently, the software has undergone commercialization, with these authors contributing to its development and holding ownership shares in the associated company.
The authors apologize for not providing more information about their conflicts of interest earlier.
PARTICIPAÇÃO, INCLUSÃO E SEGURANÇA NA EDUCAÇÃO PARA A PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA: CONSIDERAÇÕES DE UMA PESQUISA-AÇÃO
Authors: Mena Brasil do Couto Renata , Gomes da Silva Borges Eliane , De Castro Benício Leandro , Rizzini Irene
Published: September 2024

Este artigo analisa os resultados de uma pesquisa-ação que teve por objetivo contribuir para debates e ações com foco na ampliação das oportunidades de educação para a Primeira Infância. Consultamos moradores e profissionais que atuam na Rocinha/Rio de Janeiro/RJ e, através de um questionário semiestruturado, eles foram convidados a relacionar os temas inclusão, participação e segurança à educação das crianças nas instituições de ensino, em casa e na comunidade. Esses atores revelaram esforços para incluir, ampliar a participação e oferecer segurança às crianças, mas apontaram que o suporte do Estado e da sociedade é fundamental para a proteção dos pequenos moradores da comunidade. Isso indica a importância de se fortalecer uma rede local que dialogue sobre os temas abordados, proponha soluções alinhadas às necessidades dessa população e leve o debate aos responsáveis por elaborar e monitorar políticas públicas que possam melhorar as condições de vida das crianças e suas famílias.
Bibliography of Periodical Literature on the Druze in 2023
Authors: Johnson Charles , Zeedan Rami
Published: September 2024

This article lists peer-reviewed books, book chapters, and articles published in English in 2023 relevant to Druze Studies. The classification of entries occurs under the following headings: Biology & Health; Education; History; Language & Literature; Politics; Religious Studies; Socioeconomics; and Women, Gender, & Sexuality. The survey included 67 entries in 2023. Through this investigation and the organization of the literature along with the categorization, a few patterns emerged, revealing trends and gaps in the academic literature on the Druze community. The relative lack of coverage on education, language and literature, and religious studies reveals a general gap in the literature on these subjects. However, in several of the other, more robust categories, such as biology & health, politics, socioeconomics, and women, gender, & sexuality, a disproportionate regional focus began to emerge. In these categories and in 2023 literature on the Druze as a whole, a majority of work focused explicitly or in large part on the Israeli Druze community, despite Israeli Druze constituting less than ten percent of the overall Druze population.
Variation Theory and Montessori Education
Authors: Ahlquist Eva-Maria Tebano , Gynther Per
Published: September 2024

In this article we examine the relation between variation theory and Maria Montessori’s didactic theory. Montessori believed that training and sharpening of the child’s senses are crucial for their continued learning; she therefore developed specific sensorial materials to be used in Montessori preschools for such a purpose. As noted by interpreters of Montessori education, a key principle in this material, as well as in variation theory, is the use of variation and invariance. However, in this article, lessons in two different areas than the training of the senses are analysed from a variation-theoretical perspective on learning; these lessons originate from Montessori’s own writings and from extracts from Montessori training courses. The result shows that a systematic use of variation and invariance can be seen as a more fundamental part of Montessori’s didactic theory and is not only applied in the sensorial training. The article will offer theoretical concepts useful when explaining why lessons in various areas should be presented in the way they are described.
Estratégias de Fomento ao Turismo na região metropolitana do Vale do Rio Cuiabá (RMVRC) para o Desenvolvimento Local
Authors: Lopes Yuri de Souza , Benini Sandra Medina , Godoy Jeane Aparecida Rombi de , Ravache Rosana Lia
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study is to analyze the economic and sociocultural impact of tourism in the Metropolitan Region of the Cuiabá River Valley (RMVRC), highlighting how sustainable practices can enhance these benefits. The relevance of the topic is related to the growing importance of tourism as a catalyst for local development, especially in regions rich in cultural and natural heritage, such as Cuiabá. The methodology adopted includes a literature review and case analysis of the RMVRC, complemented by economic, social and environmental data, enabling a broad understanding of regional tourism dynamics. The results indicate that, despite the vast tourism potential, the region faces significant challenges in infrastructure and environmental management, especially with regard to sustainability. However, the research identified promising opportunities, such as the promotion of ecotourism and the development of cultural and gastronomic itineraries, which can strengthen tourist attractiveness. The conclusion highlights the need for an integrated approach, involving public-private partnerships, professional training, promotion of sustainable tourism and improvement of infrastructure, aiming to transform the RMVRC into a competitive and sustainable tourist destination.
Introduction of principles of accessibility of mediation in the tax sphere: adaptation of Chinese experience to the Russian legal system
Authors: Arzumanova L. L. , Mkrtumova E. V.
Published: September 2024

In the article proposed to adapt the Chinese experience of mediation in relation to the alternative resolution of tax disputes in Russia. The authors study the legal regulation of Chinese people’s mediation, its principles and the procedure for the formation and free implementation of people’s conciliation commissions in China. In the article the authors substantiate the existence of the principle of accessibility of mediation in the system of mediation principles in China. The authors make proposals for introducing the principle of accessibility of the mediation procedure in the tax sphere, establishing special requirements for tax mediators (consultants), and defining a mechanism for state financing of the mediation procedure, the participants of which are individuals.
“Green” finance: on the issue of the concept
Authors: Slatin R. V.
Published: September 2024

This article analyzes and compares doctrinal definitions of the concept of “green finance”, as well as related categories. The author proposes to distinguish between private law and public law approaches to defining the category under consideration. It is determined that from the perspective of a public law approach, “green” finance should be understood as social relations arising in the process of accumulation, distribution (redistribution) and use of funds from state and municipal centralized and decentralized funds of funds aimed at financial support for environmental protection, as well as the implementation of financial control in this area.
Model evaluation: The misuse of statistical techniques when evaluating observations versus predictions
Authors: McPhee Malcolm , Richetti Jonathan , Croke Barry , Walmsley Brad
Published: September 2024

Mathematical modellers, decision support developers, statisticians, and students evaluate the differences between observed and model predicted values. When evaluating models, it is far too easy to conduct model evaluation by fitting a linear regression to the data. In this paper, steps are presented on ‘how to’ evaluate a model using deviance metrics rather than reporting r2 from fitting a linear regression. The paper aims to provide sound reasoning, with data, against using r2. The paper addresses five arguments, previously put forward, for not fitting a linear regression when conducting model evaluation: i) Misapplication of regression; ii) Ambiguity of null hypothesis tests; iii) Lack of sensitivity; iv) Fitted line is irrelevant to validation; and v) Violation of regression assumptions. Statistical, deviance, and quality control metrics are outlined. Three models using the BeefSpecs drafting tool are reported in this paper. Each model (n = 80) had an r2 of 0.43. A mean bias of 0.06, -2.90, and -0.11 mm, and a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.72, 3.37, and 3.70 mm for models 1, 2, and 3, respectively. A modelling efficiency (MEF) of 0.39, -1.34, and -1.83, and 91, 51, and 56% of predictions within upper and lower quality control limits for models 1, 2, and 3, respectively. These metrics highlight the pitfall of reporting r2 from using regression. Minimum recommended steps of ‘how to’ conduct model evaluation are: a plot of the residuals with quality control limits and a table of metrics including mean observed, predicted and bias, RMSEP, and MEF.
América en el Centro
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: September 2024

América en el Centro is an umbrella regional program to address common and cross-border challenges faced by Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic (CAPDR). It aims to promote sustainable development and resilience in CAPDR, fostering the conditions for a more integrated and productive region, increasing its resilience and adaptation to climate challenges, and enhancing the opportunities for the youth.
Vascular endothelial growth factor/connective tissue growth factor and proteomic analysis of aqueous humor after intravitreal conbercept for proliferative diabetes retinopathy
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China, Li Hou-Shuo , Rong Ao ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China, Bi Yan-Long ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China, Xu Wei ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China, Cui Hong-Ping ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
Published: September 2024

AIM: To investigate the role of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the protein profile of the aqueous humor in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) following intravitreal injection of conbercept.
METHODS: This study included 72 PDR patients and 8 cataract patients as controls. PDR patients were divided into 3 groups according to the intervals of 3, 5, and 7d between intravitreal conbercept (IVC, 0.5 mg/0.05 mL) injection and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) performed. Aqueous humor samples were collected before and after IVC and PPV for VEGF and CTGF levels detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The differential proteomics of 10 patients who underwent PPV surgery 5d after IVC and 8 normal controls was studied, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed on the data, and the protein interaction network of 23 differential proteins was studied.
RESULTS: Post-IVC, VEGF levels decreased and CTGF levels increased significantly in aqueous humor, with the CTGF/VEGF ratio rising significantly at all intervals. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identified differentially expressed proteins between pre- and post-IVC samples. GO and KEGG analyses revealed involvement in immune response, stress response, complement and coagulation cascades, ferroptosis, and PPAR signaling pathways. PPI analysis highlighted key proteins like APOA1, C3, and transferrin (TF). ELISA assay confirmed the differential expression of proteins such as HBA1, SERPINA1, COL1A1, and ACTB, with significant changes in the IVC groups.
CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that IVC effectively reduces VEGF levels while increasing CTGF levels, thereby modifying the CTGF/VEGF ratio, and IVC significantly alters the protein profile in the aqueous humor of patients with PDR. Proteomic analysis reveals that these changes are associated with critical biological pathways and protein interactions involved in immune response, stress response, and cellular metabolism.
Targeting Nrf2 signaling in dry eye
Authors:   Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhang Yu-Nuo , Hu Jiao-Yue ,   Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center; Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Liu Zu-Guo ,   Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine
Published: September 2024

Dry eye, the most common ocular surface disease, can cause ocular surface tissue damage and discomfort symptoms and seriously affect people’s quality of life. The etiology of dry eye is diverse, and its pathogenesis is complex. The oxidative stress reaction is considered to be among the important factors in the pathogenesis of dry eye. Therefore, activating the antioxidant system has a potential therapeutic effect on dry eye. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway is considered the most important antioxidant pathway in the body. The activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway and its interaction with other pathways are important mechanisms to prevent the occurrence and development of dry eye. This review describes the structure and function of Nrf2, summarizes the changes in the oxidative stress response in dry eye, focuses on the potential mechanism of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in the treatment of dry eye, and, finally, summarizes the drugs that activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway in the treatment of dry eye.