bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do you know the history of the chocolate you eat? The need for a special look at the cocoa production chain as a mechanism to combat slave labour
Authors: Zbucka-Gargas Marta , Da Rocha Cláudio Iannotti , Meirinho Augusto Grieco Sant’Anna , Rocha Ferreira Vanessa
Published: June 2023

The text whose main objective is to arouse in the reader the need to look at chocolate production differently as a strategy that can contribute to the elimination of slave labour. Therefore, it aims to answer the following research problem: How does the cocoa production chain contribute to the maintenance of this heinous practice and how to counteract it? It is a theoretical and normative study that, through qualitative, bibliographic and documentary research, uses a deductive method to achieve the proposed objective. First, the persistence of slavery in the workplace today is analysed. Then, the study discusses the cocoa production chain and the need to control labour abuses in the chocolate industry. Finally, it points out the extremely important role that companies have to play in combating and eliminating the exploitation of human labour by applying strict controls in their value chain, coinciding with the idea of sustainable development.
Instytucja prawna łańcucha dostaw w ustawie "offshore"
Authors: Laskowski Paweł
Published: June 2023

Artykuł prezentuje proces badawczy, którego cel poznawczy dotyczył szczegółowych unormowań wyinterpretowanych z przepisów ustawy z dnia 17 grudnia 2020 r. o promowaniu wytwarzania energii elektrycznej w morskich farmach wiatrowych, Dz. U. z 2021 r. poz. 234, 784, 1093, 1642. Potrzeba badań wynikała z unormowania przez prawodawcę, po raz pierwszy w tak szerokim zakresie, tematyki offshore w polskim systemie prawa, jak i możliwości rozwoju odnawialnych źródeł energii na niespotykaną dotychczas skalę zainstalowanej mocy. Podstawowym obszarem badawczym było prawo gospodarcze publiczne. Główny problem badawczy został zawarty w pytaniu: jaki jest jurydyczny rezultat wprowadzenia zagadnienia z dyscypliny nauki o zarządzaniu, którym jest łańcuch dostaw, do ustawy z dnia 17 grudnia 2020 r. o promowaniu wytwarzania energii elektrycznej w morskich farmach wiatrowych? W procesie badawczym jako metodę zastosowano analizę formalną instytucji prawnych. Badania doprowadziły do wyodrębnienia z ustawy łańcucha dostaw jako instytucji prawnej, obszernego jej opisania oraz sklasyfikowania.
Prawa przyrody w ochronie środowiska i wzmacnianiu bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego
Authors: Kowalska Samanta
Published: June 2023

Prawa przyrody stanowią innowacyjną koncepcję prawną, która wpływa na przeformułowanie dotychczasowego sposobu ochrony środowiska naturalnego. W rozważaniach zostanie wykazane, że zasad­nicze założenie praw przyrody polega na przesunięciu punktu odniesienia z antropocentrycznego na ekocen­tryzm. Prawa przyrody zostaną omówione jako drogowskazy dla kształtowania nowej etyki środowiskowej w celu budowania bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego. Mogą one w efekcie stać się zasadą prawną wspierającą proces neutralizowania utylitarnego i przedmiotowego rozumienia środowiska na gruncie dotychczasowych norm prawnych. Przeprowadzone badania umożliwią dokonanie oceny przydatności i znaczenia praw przyro­dy dla wzmacniania bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego. Prawa przyrody tworzą nowy paradygmat ochrony śro­dowiska. W celu uzasadnienia postawionych hipotez badawczych posłużono się metodą porównawczą aktów prawa międzynarodowego z dokumentami prawnymi z różnych zakątków świata. Dopełnienie rozważań sta­nowi analiza relacji między naturą a światem człowieka.
Zaburzenia osobowości typu "borderline" jako przyczyna natury psychicznej niezdolności do zawarcia małżeństwa w orzecznictwie Sądu Metropolitalnego w Lublinie
Authors: Bzdyrak Grzegorz
Published: June 2023

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie, czym jest zaburzenie osobowości z pogranicza i w jaki sposób wpływa ono na zdolność nupturientów do zawarcia ważnego małżeństwa. Zaburzenia osobowości należy od­różnić od choroby psychicznej, choć często towarzyszące im objawy są do siebie zbliżone. W przeciwieństwie do choroby psychicznej zaburzenia osobowości nie są „uleczalne” – w wyniku terapii psychologicznej, często wspo­maganej farmakoterapią. Osobę dotkniętą zaburzeniami można jedynie nauczyć radzenia sobie ze skrajnymi emocjami. Autor charakteryzuje zaburzenia osobowości borderline, wskazując, w jaki sposób wpływają one na podjęcie i wykonywanie istotnych obowiązków małżeńskich. Finalnie, na podstawie analizy akt spraw o nieważ­ność małżeństwa toczących się przed Sądem Metropolitalnym w Lublinie, przedstawia konkretne zachowania, typowe dla osób z zaburzeniami osobowości z pogranicza.
Katarzyna Lenczowska-Soboń, "Przestępstwo zniszczenia lub uszkodzenia zabytku"
Authors: Konecki Janusz
Published: June 2023

Recenzja ksiązki: Katarzyna Lenczowska-Soboń, Przestępstwo zniszczenia lub uszkodzenia zabytku, Wolters Kluwer, Warszawa 2022, ss. 448.
Stolica Apostolska wobec komunizmu. Od Benedykta XV do Jana Pawła II
Authors: Krukowski Józef
Published: June 2023

Artykuł ukazuje, jak przebiegały relacje między Stolicą Apostolską, jako najwyższym organem władzy Kościoła katolickiego, a państwami komunistycznymi w Europie. Całość obejmuje dwie części. W pierwszej części ukazane jest stanowisko Stolicy Apostolskiej wobec reżimu komunistycznego w Związku Sowieckim w okresie od rewolucji październikowej do zakończenia II wojny światowej. Stolica Apostolska podjęła wówczas dialog z przedstawicielami władzy komunistycznej w celu niesienia pomocy charytatywnej głodującej ludności i uzyskania możliwości prowadzenia działalności duszpasterskiej względem wiernych. W pierwszej fazie władze komunistyczne zaproponowały Stolicy Apostolskiej zawarcie umowy międzynarodowej i nawiązanie stosunków dyplomatycznych, lecz nie chciały zaprzestać walki z religią i prześladowań Kościoła. W drugiej fazie nastąpiło zerwanie wszelkich kontaktów między władzami Związku Sowieckiego a Stolicą Apostolską. Wówczas papież Pius XI dokonał krytycznej oceny założeń ideologicznych i metod sprawowania władzy przez komunistów (enc. Divini Redemptoris). Druga część zawiera przegląd relacji między Stolicą Apostolską a władzami państw komunistycznych Europy środkowej i wschodniej, którym po II wojnie światowej narzucono reżim komunistyczny, oraz Związkiem Sowieckim – w okresie od zakończenia II wojny światowej do rozpadu bloku komunistycznego w Europie. Po zakończeniu działań II wojny światowej władze tych państw zerwały stosunki dyplomatyczne ze Stolicą Apostolską i umowy konkordatowe z okresu międzywojennego oraz podjęły politykę ograniczania wolności Kościoła i dyskryminacji ludzi wierzących. W tej sytuacji Stolica Apostolska udzieliła biskupom diecezjalnym w tych państwach specjalnych uprawnień (facultates speciales), mających na celu zapewnienie Kościołowi funkcjonowanie w stopniu zbliżonym do normalnego. W okresie pontyfikatu Jana XXIII zainicjowany został dialog między Stolicą Apostolską a władzami państw komunistycznych w celu uzyskania gwarancji pokoju i poszanowania praw człowieka i wolności religijnej. Natomiast władzom tym zależało na uzyskaniu poparcia przez Stolicę Apostolską ich polityki na arenie międzynarodowej, lecz nie zaprzestawały ograniczania wolności religijnej. Radykalne zmiany nastąpiły dopiero w okresie pontyfikatu Jana Pawła II.
Wymogi na urząd kanclerza kurii diecezjalnej
Authors: Sitarz Mirosław
Published: June 2023

Autor analizuje wymogi na urząd kanclerza kurii diecezjalnej wskazane przez ustawodawcę w Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. (kan. 483 § 2) i w Dyrektorium o pasterskiej posłudze biskupów Apostolorum successores wydanym przez Kongregację ds. Biskupów (nr 180). Zgodnie z tymi przepisami urząd kanclerza może zostać powierzony wiernemu o nieposzlakowanej opinii i ponad wszelkim podejrzeniem, biegłemu w sprawach kanonicznych i z praktyką administracyjną.
Śp. Ks. Abp Zygmunt Zimowski (1949-2016)
Authors: Dryja Dominik
Published: June 2023

Zygmunt Zimowski urodził się 7 kwietnia 1949 r. w Kupieninie, na terenie parafii Mędrzechów, w diecezji tarnowskiej.
“SİLİNDİR ŞAPKA GİYEN KÖYLÜ” ÖYKÜSÜNÜ ŞAPKA DEVRİMİ VE BEDEN TEMSİLLERİ ÜZERİNDEN OKUMAK
Authors: KARATAŞ ÜLGER Evren
Published: June 2023

Beden; ruhun yurdu, usun evidir. Toplumsal yaşamda beden, kimlik örüntüleri ve ideolojinin sembolleştirildiği bir vitrine dönüşür ve kamusallaşır. Beden, bu işlevi nedeniyle insanlık tarihi boyunca iktidar aygıtları tarafından nesneleştirilmiş, kuşatılmış, denetlenmiş ve kıyafet aracılığıyla biçimlendirilmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’nde Sultan II. Mahmut Dönemi’nden başlanarak kıyafet merkezli yenileşme çalışmaları gözlemlenmiş ve devlet memurlarının fes giymeleri zorunlu kılınmıştır. Ayrıca Osmanlı Devleti Müslüman ve gayrimüslim halkın kılık kıyafet bakımından benzeşmemeleri için zaman zaman farklı kararlar almıştır. Beden-iktidar ilişkilerinin Türkiye ölçeğindeki en dikkate değer örneği Şapka Devrimi’dir. Modernleşme çabaları Türkiye’de “şapka” ile sembolize edilmiş ve cumhuriyet devrimlerinin temel amacı olan medeni toplumlar nezdine yükselme niyeti, kılık kıyafet düzenlemesi ile görünür kılınmıştır. Şapka Devrimi erkek memurlarla sınırlı kalmış, kadın bedeni üzerinden herhangi bir tasarrufta bulunulmamıştır. Ancak ülkenin genel atmosferine uygun olarak, Şapka Devrimi’nin Türk aydınının, basının, mülkî ve yerel idarecilerin gayretleriyle halk tarafından da benimsenmesine gayret edilmiştir. Tüm devrim faaliyetlerinde olduğu gibi Şapka Devrimi’nde de karşıt görüşler ortaya çıkmış ülke çapında devrim aleyhinde sesler yükselmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Şapka Devrimi, toplumsal reflekslerin güvenilir ve hızlı şekilde yansıdığı bir alan olan edebî metinler üzerinden okunmaya çalışılmış ve örneklem olarak Sadri Etem Ertem’in Silindir Şapka Giyen Köylü öyküsü seçilmiştir. Toplumcu-gerçekçi çizgide bir edebiyat anlayışına sahip olan Sadri Ertem, öyküde Şapka Devrimi’nin halka neden ulaşamadığını ironik bir dille ve trajikomik sahneler eşliğinde anlatır. Çalışmada Kılık Kıyafet/Şapka Devrimi’nin halkın temel ihtiyaçları karşılanmadan ve halk bilinçlendirilmeden yapılan erken bir eylem olduğu, devrimler konusunda halka rehberlik etmesi gereken aydın kitlenin halkın gerçek gündeminden uzak kaldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu araştırma, doküman tarama ve betimsel analiz yöntemiyle oluşturulmuş, veriler içerik analizine tâbi tutulmuştur.
Basal Ganglia and Brainstem Located Cerebral Microbleeds Contributed to Gait Impairment in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Mao He-Jiao , Zhang Jiang-Xia , Zhu Wen-Cheng , Zhang Hao , Fan Xiang-Min , Han Fei , Ni Jun , Zhou Li-Xin , Yao Ming , Tian Feng , Su Ning , Zhu Yi-Cheng
Published: June 2023

Background: The mechanism of gait disorder in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) remains unclear. Limited studies have compared the effect of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and lacunes on gait disturbance in CSVD patients in different anatomical locations. Objective: To investigate the relationship of quantitative gait parameters with varied anatomically located MRI imaging markers in patients with CSVD. Methods: Quantitative gait tests were performed on 127 symptomatic CSVD patients all with diffuse distributed white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). CMBs and lacunes in regard to anatomical locations and burdens were measured. The correlation between CSVD imaging markers and gait parameters was evaluated using general linear model analysis. Results: Presence of CMBs was significantly associated with stride length (β= –0.098, p = 0.0272) and right step length (β= –0.054, p = 0.0206). Presence of CMBs in basal ganglia (BG) was significantly associated with stride length and step length. Presence of CMBs in brainstem was significantly associated with gait parameters including stride length, step length, step height, and step width. Presence of lacunes in brainstem was significantly associated with gait speed (β= –0.197, p = 0.0365). However, presence of lacunes in the other areas was not associated with worse gait performances. Conclusion: BG and brain stem located CMBs contributed to gait impairment in symptomatic CSVD patients.
Longitudinal Patterns of Brain Changes in a Community Sample in Relation to Aging and Cognitive Status
Authors: Chwa Won Jong , Lopez Oscar L. , Longstreth W.T. , Dai Weiying , Raji Cyrus A.
Published: June 2023

Background: Aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are characterized by widespread cortical and subcortical atrophy. Though atrophy patterns between aging and AD overlap considerably, regional differences between these two conditions may exist. Few studies, however, have investigated these patterns in large community samples. Objective: Elaborate longitudinal changes in brain morphometry in relation to aging and cognitive status in a well-characterized community cohort. Methods: Clinical and neuroimaging data were compiled from 72 participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study-Cognition Study, a community cohort of healthy aging and probable AD participants. Two time points were identified for each participant with a mean follow-up time of 5.36 years. MRI post-processing, morphometric measurements, and statistical analyses were performed using FreeSurfer, Version 7.1.1. Results: Cortical volume was significantly decreased in the bilateral superior frontal, bilateral inferior parietal, and left superior parietal regions, among others. Cortical thickness was significantly reduced in the bilateral superior frontal and left inferior parietal regions, among others. Overall gray and white matter volumes and hippocampal subfields also demonstrated significant reductions. Cortical volume atrophy trajectories between cognitively stable and cognitively declined participants were significantly different in the right postcentral region. Conclusion: Observed volume reductions were consistent with previous studies investigating morphometric brain changes. Patterns of brain atrophy between AD and aging may be different in magnitude but exhibit widespread spatial overlap. These findings help characterize patterns of brain atrophy that may reflect the general population. Larger studies may more definitively establish population norms of aging and AD-related neuroimaging changes.
Sex Differences in the Association Between Body Mass Index and Dementia Risk in Community-Dwelling Japanese People Aged 40–74 Years
Authors: Zakharova Alena , Kitamura Kaori , Watanabe Yumi , Kabasawa Keiko , Takahashi Akemi , Saito Toshiko , Kobayashi Ryosaku , Oshiki Rieko , Takachi Ribeka , Tsugane Shoichiro , Yamazaki Osamu , Watanabe Kei , Nakamura Kazutoshi
Published: June 2023

Background: The association between body mass index (BMI) and dementia risk is heterogeneous across age groups and might be influenced by sex. Objective: This study aimed to clarify sex differences in the association between BMI and dementia risk in community-dwelling people. Methods: This cohort study with an 8-year follow-up targeted 13,802 participants aged 40–74 years at baseline in 2011–2013. A self-administered questionnaire requested information on body size, including height, weight, and waist circumference (the values of which were validated by direct measurement), socio-demographics, lifestyle, and disease history. BMI was calculated and categorized as < 18.5 (underweight), 18.5–20.6 (low-normal), 20.7–22.6 (mid-normal), 22.7–24.9 (high-normal), 25.0–29.9 (overweight), and≥30.0 kg/m2 (obese). Incident cases of dementia were obtained from the long-term care insurance database. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). Results: The mean age of participants was 59.0 years. In men, higher BMI was associated with lower dementia risk (fully-adjusted p for trend = 0.0086). In women, the association between BMI and dementia risk was U-shaped; the “underweight,” “low-normal,” and “overweight” groups had a significantly higher risk (fully-adjusted HR = 2.12, 2.08, and 1.78, respectively) than the reference (“high-normal” group). These findings did not change after excluding dementia cases which occurred within the first four years of the follow-up period. Conclusion: Overweight/obese women, but not men, had an increased risk of dementia, suggesting that sex differences in adiposity might be involved in the development of dementia.
Intelligent maximum power point tracking for coastal photovoltaic system concerning the corrosion and aging of modules
Authors: An Qing , Gao Cuifen , Deng Qian
Published: June 2023

Due to the corrosion and aging caused by the special oceanic environment, the characteristic of coastal photovoltaic (PV) system significantly drift after years of operation. In this study, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) problem for coastal PV system is addressed and a novel MPPT methodology based on deep neural network (DNN) integrated with the corrosion evaluation index (CE-index) and dynamic training-sample (DTS) mechanism is developed. To be specific, the detailed effect of corrosion and aging for the PV modules installed in coastal areas is comprehensively analysed, and a composite indicator for evaluating the PV parameter drift, namely CE-index, is proposed. Then, a novel DNN-based offline MPPT methodology for the large-scale coastal PV system is developed, in which the DTS mechanism is also introduced for overcoming the effect caused by PV module corrosion and aging phenomenon. Finally, the optimal length of DTS for different degrees of CE-index is comprehensively verified by case studies. Experimental result shows that the developed DNN-based MPPT methodology can accurately forecast the maximum power point (MPP) voltage for large-scale coastal PV-system with robust performance, and cooperation of the developed DTS-mechanism and CE-index corrosion evaluation strategy can also effectively overcome the disturbance caused by the harsh oceanic environment.
University’s recruitment process using Fermatean fuzzy Einstein prioritized aggregation operators
Authors: Barokab Omar M. , Khan Asghar , Khan Sher Afzal , Jun Young Bae , Rushdi Ali Muhammad Ali
Published: June 2023

In comparison to intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS), the Fermatean Fuzzy Set (FFS) is more efficacious in dealing ambiguous and imprecise data when making decisions. In this paper, we propose unique operations on Fermatean fuzzy information based on prioritized attributes, as well as Einstein’s operations based on adjusting the priority of characteristics in the Fermatean fuzzy environment. We use Einstein’s operations with prioritized attributes to propose new operations on Fermatean fuzzy numbers (FFNs), and then introduce basic aspects of these operations. Motivated by Einstein operations on FFNs, we develop Fermatean fuzzy Einstein prioritized arithmetic and geometric aggregation operators (AOs). In the first place, the concepts of a Fermatean fuzzy Einstein prioritized average (FFEPA), Fermatean fuzzy Einstein prioritized weighted average (FFEPWA), and Fermatean fuzzy Einstein prioritized ordered weighted average (FFEPOWA)-operators are introduced. Then, Fermatean fuzzy Einstein prioritized geometric (FFEPG) operator, Fermatean fuzzy Einstein prioritized weighted geometric (FFEPWG) operator, Fermatean fuzzy Einstein prioritized ordered weighted geometric (FFEPOWG) operator, and Fermatean fuzzy Einstein hybrid geometric (FFEHG) operator are given. We also go through some of the key characteristics of these operators. Moreover, using these operators, we establish algorithm for addressing a multiple attribute decision-making issue using Fermatean fuzzy data and attribute prioritizing. The case of university faculty selection is taken as a scenario to analyze and demonstrate the applicability of our suggested model. In addition, a comparison of the proposed and current operators is conducted, and the impact of attribute priority on the ranking order of alternatives is explored.
Breast cancer diagnosis using Orca predation optimization algorithm
Authors: Kaladevi P. , Punitha V.V. , Muthusankar D. , Praveen R.
Published: June 2023

Early detection and classification of breast cancer can be facilitated to initiate the most effective treatment. As the second leading cause of death among women, early breast cancer screening is essential for reducing mortality rates. In this context, Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the ideal candidate for increasing the rate of identification and classification of tumours with efficiency, particularly in medical imaging. This research proposes a hybridised CNN with the Orca Predation Optimization Algorithm (OPOA) as a novel classification model for the effective detection of abnormalities in breast cancer diagnosis. Specifically, the OPOA technique is used to determine the optimal hyperparameter values for the hybrid CNN architecture being deployed. As the pretrained CNN model, the suggested model utilizeds a ResNet50 residual network. It merged OPOA with the ResNet50 residual network to construct the OPOA-ResNet-50 Architecture. The experimental validation of the proposed OPOA-ResNet-50 model utilising the datasets of curated breast imaging subset of DDSM (CBIS-DDSM) shown improved classification accuracy of 99.04%, specificity of 98.56%, and sensitivity of 97.78% in comparison to the baseline techniques. The results also revealed that the proposed under mammographic image analysis society (MIAS) OPOA-ResNet-50 model demonstrated superior classification accuracy of 98.64%, specificity of 98.79%, and sensitivity of 98.82% compared to the benchmarked methods. The adopted OPOA algorithm is determined to achieve more optimal hyperparameter values for the ResNet50 architecture than the comparative algorithms Improved Marine Predator Optimization Algorithm (IMPOA), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Harris hawk’s optimization (HHO), and gravitational search algorithm (GSA).
Tolerance fuzzy graphs
Authors: Crnković Dean , Švob Andrea
Published: June 2023

Tolerance graphs were introduced in 1982 by M. C. Golumbic and C. L. Monma as a generalization of interval graphs. In this paper, we introduce tolerance fuzzy graphs as a generalization of tolerance graphs, and apply them to a modeling of a transmission of airborne diseases.
Chebyshev polynimal dempster convolutional hearing sensitivity level detection with auditory evoked potentials
Authors: Kirthika K.M. , Paulraj M.P. , Hema C.R.
Published: June 2023

The EEG-based HTR utilizing AEP responses of both group of participants with normal hearing and abnormal hearing are managed with the objective of detecting hearing sensitivity level using Chebyshev Recurrence Polynomial and Dempster Convolutional Neural Network (CRP-DCNN) is designed. The CRP-DCNN method is split into three sections. They are preprocessing using Chebyshev Recurrence Polynomial Filter, feature extraction by employing Orthogonalized Singular Value and Median Skewed Wavelet. Here, both Orthogonalized Singular Value Decomposition-based parametric and Median Skewness-based non-parametric modeling techniques are employed for first obtaining the hearing threshold factors and then extracting statistical features for further processing. Finally Dempster Convolutional Neural Network-based Classification for detecting hearing sensitivity level is presented. Hence, the objective to determine the significant correlations between the brain dynamics and the auditory responses and detect the hearing sensitivity level of the group of participants with normal hearing and with the group of participants with hearing loss are designed on accordance with the features of EEG signals. Simulations are performed in MATLAB to validate the features of EEG signals.
Aggregate technology for processing uranium-phosphorite ore
Authors:   Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics named by N. Poljakov, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Mukhachev A.P. , V.G. Nefedov V.G. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Yelatontsev D.O.
Published: June 2023

The paper describes an aggregate technology for extraction of uranium and related rare earth elements, scandium and phosphorus from uranium-phosphorite ores with the recycling of spent reagents for the production of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers. It is shown that increasing the fraction of nitric acid in the mixture with sulfuric acid (melange) for leaching uranium to 100% increases the extraction of all valuable elements up to 95–98%. Optimal parameters (hydro module, duration and acidity) of the raw material processing have been determined. Reducing the content of sulfuric acid in melange to 15% reduces the yield of gypsum with the content of radionuclides of natural origin, which must be buried. The isolation of uranium, thorium, rare earth elements, scandium and radioactive isotopes (Ra, Po, Ac, Pb) is carried out by chemical precipitation using iron in the form of cast iron chips. As a result of processing, a nitrate-phosphate solution purified from radioactive elements and impurities is formed, based on which a complex nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer "Nitrofos" is fabricated.
Kamu Diplomasisi Bağlamında Türkiye'nin Türk Devletlerine Yardımları
Authors: EREN Süleyman
Published: June 2023

Kamu diplomasisi, küreselleşme ile birlikte devletlerin uluslararası ilişkilerinde kullandıkları önemli bir dış politika aracı olmuştur. Devletler kendi tarihini, kültürel ve siyasi değerlerini başka devletlere anlatmak için birçok alanda kamu diplomasisi faaliyetleri yürütmektedir. Bu kapsamda dış yardımlar, kamu diplomasisinin önemli bir parçası haline gelmiş ve devletler, yardım faaliyetlerini artırmaya başlamışlardır. Kültürel mirası gereği ihtiyaç sahibi ülkelere yardım etmeyi öncelikli amaç edinen ülkelerin başında ise Türkiye gelmektedir. Türkiye, dünyanın birçok yerinde ihtiyaç sahibi ülkelere destek olmaktadır. Özellikle Soğuk Savaş sonrası bağımsızlığını kazanan Türk Devletlerinin yanlarında olduğunu göstermek isteyen Türkiye, kamu diplomasi faaliyetleri ile bu desteğini göstermek istemektedir. Türkiye, başta TİKA olmak üzere birçok kurum ve kuruluşu ile Türk Devletlerine birçok alanda yardım etmektedir. Türkiye, kamu diplomasisi yardımları sayesinde tarihi ve kültürel bağlarının olduğu birçok Türk Devleti ile ilişkilerini geliştirmeyi hedeflemektedir.
İkinci Dünya Savaşı, Sovyet Resmi İslamı ve Orta Asya Müslüman Ruhani İdaresi (Müftülüğü)-SADUM
Authors: KILLIOĞLU Mehmet Erkan
Published: June 2023

1941 yılında Sovyetler Birliği’nin Almanya’ya karşı İkinci Dünya Savaşı’na girmesi ve sonrasında cephede yaşanan toprak, malzeme ve insan kayıpları yüzünden Sovyetler Birliği atıl kapasite olarak görülen ve orduda çoğunlukla geri hizmette kullanılan Müslüman nüfusu da savaşta kullanmaya karar vermiştir. Ancak bu nüfusun geçmişte yaşanan Basmacı İsyanı vb. olayların ortaya çıkardığı husumet sebebiyle önce ikna edilmesi ve Sovyet yönetimini desteklemesi için kendilerine uygulanan sert tutumda gevşemeye gidilmesi ve gönüllerinin kazanılması öncelikle yerine getirilmesi gereken bir şart olarak Sovyet yönetiminin karşısına çıkmıştır. Sovyet yönetimi de gereken adımları atmak durumunda kalmıştır. Bu kapsamda Sovyet yönetimi Müslümanlara ve İslam dinine karşı müsamahasız tutumunu unutturmak adına öncelikle Sovyet resmi İslam anlayışının da temelini oluşturacak ve Müslüman nüfusla inanç üzerinden irtibat kurulmasına imkan sağlayacağı düşünülen dört Müslüman Ruhani İdaresi (Müftülük-Dukhovnoye Upravleniye) kurulmasına karar vermiştir. Bu kapsamda Devletle Müslüman nüfus arasındaki ilişkileri geliştirme yaklaşımı kapsamında 1942 yılında İslam’a resmi bir statü tanınmış, bu statü tanınırken de 1783 yılında Çariçe II. Katerina tarafından kurulan dini yapı esas alınmıştır. Orta Asya ahalisinin Sovyetler Birliğini sahiplenmesi ve savaş sırasında desteklemesi amacıyla kurulan bu dört Müftülükten en önemlisi Orta Asya ve Kazakistan’dan sorumlu olan SADUM olmuştur. SADUM, 20 Ekim 1943 tarihinde Taşkent’te kurulmuştur. SADUM, Sovyetler Birliği’ndeki dört Müftülük içinde en önemli olanıdır, zira Birlik Müslüman nüfusun %75’i SADUM sorumluluk alanı içinde kalan bölgede yaşamaktadır. Bu da SADUM’un önemini arttırmıştır. Bu çalışmada SADUM’un kuruluşu ve faaliyetlerine tarihi süreç içinde değinilecektir.
Sağlam, S. ve Sakallı, E. (Ed.) (2020). Türk Dünyasından Çocuk Şiirleri. Bengü. (ISBN: 978-605-7654-83-0).
Authors: ÖZAKAYDIN Demir
Published: June 2023

Edebî yönden zengin bir birikime sahip olan Türkler, gerek sözlü gerek yazılı alanda başarılı eserler ortaya koymuşlardır. Şiir, roman, hikâye gibi başat türlerde aşk, ayrılık, doğa, memleket sevgisi, sıla hasreti, ölüm vb. konulara yer vererek yetişkinlere hitap edilirken çocuklar da göz ardı edilmemiştir.

Türk dünyasında çocuğa verilen değeri, pek çok ünlü şair ve yazarın yetişkin edebiyatına yönelik ürünlerin yanı sıra çocuklar için yazdıkları eserlerden anlamak mümkündür. Türk dünyasında yıllar içinde oluşmuş, zenginleşmiş çocuk şiiri; Cıldız İsmailova, Ekrem Ayan, Erhan Solmaz, Erol Sakallı, Gökçe Yükselen Peler, Gülşah Tuğlacı, Önder Sezer, Soner Sağlam gibi her biri alanında uzman yazarların kaleme aldığı ve Soner Sağlam ile Erol Sakallı’nın editörlüğünde yayımlanmış olan “Türk Dünyasından Çocuk Şiirleri” adlı kitapta bir araya getirilmiştir.
Uygur Destanlarında Folklorik Unsurlar
Authors: TÜRKYILMAZ Bahar
Published: June 2023

Sözlü edebiyat ürünleri toplumların yaşam tarzına, inanç sistemlerine ışık tutan, dilden dile aktarılarak geçmişle günümüz insanları arasında görünmez bağlar kuran önemli kodlar içermektedir. Bu ürünlerden özellikle hacmi sebebiyle zengin malzemeler taşıyan destan metinleri dil ve folklor alanı başta olmak üzere çeşitli alanlara veriler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada zengin bir sözlü gelenek mirasına sahip Uygur Türklerinin destanları arasından belirlenen on üç Uygur destanında hayatın geçiş evrelerinden düğün ve ölüm gelenekleri incelenmiş; yanı sıra Uygur Türklerindeki halk hekimliği ve halk inanışlarının da izi sürülmüştür. Çalışmanın incelemesi evlenme, ölüm, halk hekimliği ve halk inançları olmak üzere dört ana başlıktan oluşmaktadır. Malzemenin tespiti için seçilen destanlara yansıyan folklorik unsurlar tarama-fişleme metodu esasınca saptanmış, tespit edilen her unsur örneklerle desteklenmiştir. Malzemenin tespitinde İnayet (2004) tarafından aktarılan Nozuğum, Seyit Noçi, Abdurahman Ġoca, Qizil Gülüm, Çın Tömür Batur, Ġérip-Senem, Tahir-Zohra, Senuber, Qemerşah ve Şemsi Canan, Hörliqa-Hemracan destanları ile Mehmet (2011) tarafından aktarılan Emir Göroğli, Boz Yiğit ve Gülendem adlı destanlar esas alınmıştır. Bu eserler içerisinde folklorik unsurların en fazla rastlanıldığı destanların Emir Göroğli, Boz Yiğit ve Gülendem olduğu, Uygur Türklerinin gelenek, görenek, halk hekimliği, halk inançları gibi zengin folklorik unsurlarının belirli destan metinlerinde de olsa canlı bir şekilde yaşatıldığı ve bu ürünler vasıtasıyla gelecek kuşaklara aktarımının sağlandığı görülmüştür.
İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Batı Sahillerine Sığınan Yunanlar, Yunanistan’a Yapılan İnsani Yardımlar ve İzmir
Authors: YÜCESOY Ozan
Published: June 2023

Yunanistan 28 Ekim 1940 tarihinde İtalyanlar tarafından işgale uğramış, İtalyanlar başarısız olunca, Hitler SSCB’ye yapacağı harekâtı öncesinde güney kanadı güvence altına almak adına 1941 Nisan’ında Yunanistan’ı işgal edilmiştir. Yunanistan “Büyük Açlık” döneminde 300 bin kadar insanını açlıktan ve salgın hastalıktan kaybetmiştir. Türkiye Kızılay aracılığıyla Yunanistan’a Dumlupınar ve Kurtuluş vapurlarıyla altı ay boyunca insani yardımlarda bulunup komşu ülkenin vatandaşlarına yardım eli uzatmıştır. Türkiye bu yardımların haricinde Oniki Ada’dan, başta İzmir tarafı olmak üzere, Batı Anadolu sahillerine iltica eden ilkin Yunan asker ve sivil vatandaşlar olmak üzere çeşitli etnik kökene sahip sığınmacılara kapılarını açmıştır. Bilhassa Ege Denizi’ndeki iltica faaliyetleri İngiliz ajanlar tarafından tertip edilmekle birlikte Türk sahillerine sığınanların kaçış noktaları zaman içerisinde savaşın seyrine göre değişiklik göstermiş olup ilerleyen zamanlarda ulaştıkları sahiller de ülkenin güneybatısı oluşmuştur. Türkiye üzerinden transit geçiş sayesinde Yunanlar Orta Doğu’da yeniden örgütlenme ve toplanma fırsatı bulmuşlardır. Rodos ve İstanköy adalarından Yunan vatandaşların haricinde Türk kökenli adalılarla Alman işgalinden kaçan İtalyan askerlerin ilticaları gözlenmiştir. Türk, İtalyan ve Yunan sığınmacıların haricinde deniz yoluyla Türkiye’ye sığınanlar arasında Alman, İngiliz, Amerikan hatta Yahudi kökenliler mevcuttur. Bahsi geçen iltica faaliyetleri ele alınarak Türk-Yunan ilişkilerinde II. Dünya Savaşı döneminde gerçekleşen bu olaylara ışık tutulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Emperyalizmin Bolşevik Devrimi Perspektifinden Liberal ve Marksist-Leninist Yorumu
Authors: ÖZMAN Hamit
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmada Marx, Lenin ve liberal ekolden Hayek’in konu hakkında birinci elden yazdıkları eserler incelenmiş olup çalışmanın odak noktasını, klasik ve modern emperyalizm olgularına yönelik yazarların iktisadi ve siyasal bakış açıları oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Bolşevik Devrimi, liberal ve sosyalist ideolojinin keskin bir şekilde kamplara ayrıldığı bir zaman dilimi olması nedeniyle, çalışmada temel dayanak noktası olarak belirlenmiş ve mercek altına alınmıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel tezlerini şu tespitler oluşturmaktadır: Modern emperyalizm, artık 18. ve 19. yy’ da olduğu gibi görünür bir şekilde toprak kazanımı yoluyla değil; yoğunlaşma (tekelleşme) ve finansal sermaye aracılığı ile hâkim paradigmasını korumaktadır. Neo-liberalizm, zamanın ruhu ile kendiliğinden değil; kurumsallaşma ile ortaya çıkmıştır. Nitekim 20. ve 21. yy’ da neo-liberalizm ürünü olan Dünya Ticaret Örgütü, IMF, Dünya Bankası gibi uluslararası kurumsal örgütler, bu “görünmez imparatorlukların” varlıklarını sürdürmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında varılan ve vurgulanmak istenen bir diğer husus ise şu şekilde ifade edilebilir: Her ne kadar varlığı son derece elzem olan demokrasi kavramı, kapitalizmin ürettiği bir olgu olsa da sömürüye dayalı saf kapitalist bir demokrasi anlayışı, bu iki kavram arasındaki bağları giderek zayıflatmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, kapitalizmin demokratikleşmesi, tarihsel süreçte yeterince mümkün olamasa da etik kodlara sahip liberal ideoloji çatı altında gelişen kurumsal bir demokrasi kültürü, yeni tip emperyalist hedeflerden kendini soyutlamış, sürdürülebilir bir kapitalizm yaratabilir.
Peran Pemuda Islam Dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga di Kecamatan Sunggal Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Authors: Rangkuti Bachtiar Ahmad Fani , Aulia Rahma , Yusdha Nur Aflah , Harefa Hajriani
Published: June 2023

The production of waste every day is increasing in line with the increasing population and consumption patterns of the people. The thing that must be done to overcome the increase in the volume of waste is to reduce the volume of waste. So that in this study is to describe the role of youth in household waste management in Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency, how the general impact and the positive impact of the waste management. This research uses a descriptive method. Which was carried out at Jalan Mesjid Pasar IV Tanjung Gusta, Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency by conducting interviews and observations to obtain data needed by researchers in seeking information related to the impact of waste management in the community in the area. The results of this study indicate that the waste management site that was built and developed by the youth brings together local people who work to manage the waste. This waste management has also been developed into a start-up company where the results of waste management are developed into decorative items or items that can be reused based on selling value. With the construction and development of this waste management site, it certainly has a positive impact on the local community which creates jobs that can help improve the economy of the surrounding community
Akibat Hukum yang Ditimbulkan Oleh Zihar Terhadap Perkawinan Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam
Authors: Dintara Lubis Syaddan
Published: June 2023

a law will always be present as a guiding compass so that humans as social beings do not run away from the right path, but a law or regulation will create patterns and forms of life resulting from the impact of that law as well. This study shows directly from a legal perspective regarding the impact caused by Zihar on marriage in terms of the Law what’s more, aggregation of Islamic Regulation. The examination strategi utilized in this study is the elucidating technique, this method will show patterns of problems in society as legal subjects, which are studied through the techniques that apply in the public eye and circumstances, perspectives, sees, on going cycle, the impact of a peculiarity. With this study, the results will be obtained from research on the legal consequences caused by zihar on a marital relationship.
Peran Gender dalam Upaya Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Melalui Kebijakan Bantuan Produktif Usaha Mikro (BPUM)
Authors: Herijal Putra Nanda , Amran Amran
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang peran gender dalam upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan melalui kebijakan Bantuan Produktif Usaha Mikro (BPUM). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Permasalahan yang dikaji adalah bagaimana peran gender dalam upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan di Kabupaten Aceh Timur melalui Bantuan BPUM, proses pemberdayaan perempuan di Kabupaten Aceh Timur dilakukan melalui Bantuan BPUM dan dampak pemberian Bantuan BPUM terhadap penanggulangan kemiskinan di Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Berdasaran hasil kajian didapatkan bahwa usaha ekonomi menengah memiliki peranan penting dalam rangka mengatasi kemiskinan akibat pandemic covid-19. Sektor Usaha ekonomi menengah mampu memberikan kontribusi dalam usaha mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi selama pandemic covid-19. Peran perempuan dalam upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan melalui kebijakan Bantuan Produktif Usaha mikro (BPUM) sebagai salah satu strategi yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Timur dalam rangka pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat di masa pandemic covid-19. Budaya partiarkhi yang mendorong ketidaksetaraan gender telah mencegah perempuan untuk berpartisipasi dalam sektor formal, mendorong perempuan untuk mencari pekerjaan di sektor informal. Upaya pengembangan lapangan kerja perempuan di sektor informal dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan bantuan BPUM sebagai modal usaha ekonomi keluarga. Upaya pengentasan kemiskinan melalui BPUM diimbangi dengan kesadaran masyarakat akan semakin meningkatnya ketimpangan gender di masyarakat. Kebijakan penanggulangan kemiskinan melalui kebijakan BPUM sebagai landasan dalam rangka pengembangan industri rumahan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga melalui pemberdayaan perempuan. Dalam hal ini, perempuan melakukan upaya ekonomi keluarga yang dapat menyerap tenaga kerja, baik dari keluarganya sendiri maupun dari tenaga kerja di sekitar rumah.
Pelayanan Administrasi Terpadu di Kecamatan Sungai Mas Kabupaten Aceh Baraty
Authors: Amirulkamar S , Sayed Mayzar Mulya
Published: June 2023

Pengertian atau definisi administrasi dari pendapat para ahli memiliki sudut pandang yang berbeda-beda. Administrasi pada dasarnya berkenaan dengan tugas atau pekerjaan pada suatu organisasi dengan melibatkan administrator. Charles A. Beard mengatakan bahwa tidak ada satu hal untuk abad modern sekarang ini yang lebih penting dari administrasi. Meskipun era globalisasi sudah lama bergulir, ditambah lagi dengan revolusi industry 4.0 yang sarat dengan teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan yang mutakhir, administrasi tetap merupakan hal yang paling utama dalam melaksanakan setiap bidang pekerjaan. Bahkan administrasi disebut sebagai penentu citra suatu organisasi. Baik buruknya organisasi, maju mundurnya organisasi serta hidup matinya organisasi sangat tergantung pada administrasi yang dimiliki dan dilaksanakan oleh seluruh unsur dalam organisasi.
Kepemimpinan Ideal Umar bin Abdul Aziz
Authors: Khan M. Anzaikhan , Idani Fitri
Published: June 2023

Historically, Islam gave birth to many extraordinary leaders, one of which was Umar bin Abdul Aziz. The modern thinker who intensely discusses the leadership concept of Umar bin Abdul Azis is Khairuddin Faiz. According to Khairuddin Faiz, Umar bin Abdil Azis is an ideal leader who offers various leadership concepts in an implementable manner. This can be seen in the character and policies of Umar bin Abdul Azis when he became the leader of the Muslims (caliphate) in his time. Even though he only served for a short time, the government of Umar bin Abdul Azis had a very significant impact, and brought prosperity to the community. This article belongs to literature research with a qualitative approach. The methodology used is a descriptive analysis study of Khairuddin Faiz's thoughts. The results of the study conclude that being an ideal leader as practiced by Umar bin Abdul Azis consists of various aspects, including; Leaders must be appointed not self-appointed, leaders come to scholars as advisors, leaders must be egalitarian, leaders must be wira'i, and leaders dedicate wealth to the people instead of hoarding wealth.
Family Law Reform in Morocco
Authors: Wahyudani Zulham , Tarantang Jefry , Nurrohman Nurrohman , Astarudin Tatang
Published: June 2023

The research on family law reform in Morocco aims to analyze the changes in family law in Morocco after the reform in 2004. The study discusses child marriage and the impact of the reforms on society, particularly in relation to gender equality and legal protection for women and children. This research is normative-explanatory and explains family law reform in Morocco by using a literature review to analyze policies. The results show that family law reform in Morocco has improved gender equality and provided better legal protection for women and children. However, there are still some challenges in the application of the law, such as changing attitudes towards tradition and culture and difficulties in applying the law in remote areas. This research can contribute to an understanding of the changes in family law in Morocco and can be used as a reference in efforts to improve legal protection for women and children in other countries that have similar legal systems.
Non-Financial Compensation, Job Satisfaction, and Employee Performance at PT. Rum East Great Ternate
Authors: Lawarang Rutsfi U. , Rajak Adnan , Kamis Ruslan A. , Arilaha Muhammad Asril
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of non-financial compensation and job satisfaction on employee performance at PT. Rum East Great Ternate. The total sample of the study was 35 employees. The test tool used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that non-financial compensation and job satisfaction had a positive and significant effect both partially and simultaneously on employee performance.
Exploration of Tax Research in The Era of COVID-19
Authors: Soebroto Bambang , Puspita Ayu Fury , Damayanti Made Tara , Lase Maria Inggried Soinia , Mufid Muhammad Farras
Published: June 2023

The prima donna of Indonesia's state revenue has also been affected by the Covid-19 virus. For the sake of Indonesia's economic recovery, the government issued the Minister of Finance Regulation Number PMK-86/PMK.03/2020 concerning Tax Incentives for Taxpayers Affected by the 2019 Corona Virus Disease Pandemic, Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation and Law Number 7 of 2021 concerning Harmonization of Tax Regulations (UU HPP). The public, especially researchers, needs to understand the mechanism for compiling and developing research related to the latest issues in the field of taxation to produce quality research, which is the goal of implementing community service activities this time. The material to be delivered includes the preparation of research and the development of research issues in the taxation field. The expected benefits of this activity are that participants understand the preparation and research methods and explore research ideas according to the latest issues and phenomena in the field of taxation. The results showed that more than 60% of the participants felt helped by the socialization with this theme.
The Impact of Corporate Governance on Dividend Pay-out Ratio Policy During the Covid-19 Era: The study case in the Basic Material Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Hartono Wendra , Laturette Kazia , Gunaawan Kartikasari
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of Good Corporate Governance during the Covid -19 era on the dividend payout rasio policy in Indonesia. During Covid-19 era, the Basic Materials industry has faced big challenges due to lock down policy occured in many big areas which can lead to disruptive global economic supply chain. Due to lock down, the number of demands for basic materials has increased, meanwhile the price is becoming more expensive, because there was scarcity to get basic materials in the market. Increasing income in many Basic Material industry, can cause the percentage payment of dividends during the year of 2020 proposed by Board of Directors and Board of Commissioners. In this research will show and compare the condition of Basic Material industry before and during Covid-19 pandemic. This reseach is categorized as a quantitative reseach which the sample used is gathered from secondary data, financial report, from basic material industry for public listed company on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2018 – 2020, a total of 43 companies. There are 4 independent variables which is used in this study, which are the Independent Commissioner, the Board of Directors, the Board of Commissioners and the Audit Committee, meanwhile the dependent variable is dividend payout ratio.
The Impacts of Corporate Governance on Dividend Pay-out Ratio Policy before and during the Covid-19 Era: The study case in the Energy Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Laturette Kazia , Hartono Wendra , Gunawan Katikasari
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of good corporate Governance during the Covid -19 era on the dividend payout ratio policy in Indonesia. Moreover, during the Covid- 19 era has urged the higher management such US boards ofDirectors to deal with all difficulties and uncertainties in the business situation. During the Covid-19 era, the Energy has faced big challenges due to lock down policy occurred in many big areas which can leads to disruptive global economic supply chains. Due to the lock down, the number of demands for energy has decreased, henceforth the price is becoming more expensive. In this research will show and compare the conditions of the energy industry before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. this research is categorized quantitative research which the sample used is gathered from secondary data, financial reports, from basic material industry for publicly listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2018 – 2020, a total of 33 companies. Result of study This showing only the boards of Directors and Commissioners Independent before the pandemic took effect to dividends payout ratio