bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immediate facial rehabilitation in poor prognosis tumor patients
Authors: Sobol Steven , Toomey James M. , Ogura Joseph H.
Published: October 2006

Effective rehabilitation of facial paralysis in the poor prognosis tumor patient is best accomplished by the judicious and individualized use of that combination of static or static and dynamic procedures which will correct the major deformities present immediately and with minimal morbidity. This approach may be taken at the time of tumor ablation or later when the effects of paralysis become distressingly evident. In the rare patient whose disease is controlled, additional dynamic rehabilitative efforts may be considered subsequently.
Serratia marcescens in tracheotomy cultures
Authors: Weiss Kenneth S. , Wolff Allan
Published: October 2006

Twenty‐three consecutive tracheotomies were cultured after an apparent outbreak of Serratia marcescens was noted. Over a period of one year, six cases with positive cultures were found. The importance of these positive cultures in relation to the patient's clinical course is discussed. The treatment of Serratia marcescens septicemia is reviewed.
Rhinorrhea associated with intracranial cholesteatomas and an “empty sella”
Authors: Thinakkal Ramakrishnan , Glista Glen , Reichman O. Howard , Patel Mahendra , Derman Gordon , Borkenhagen Robert
Published: October 2006

Three related disorders in the same patient, namely bilateral primary intracranial cholesteatomas, an “empty sella” syndrome, and a cerebrospinal rhinorrhea are reported. No previous report of bilateral symmetrical cholesteatomas has been made, though single intracranial cholesteatomas have frequently been recorded in medical literature. The “empty sella” syndrome is generally considered to be from a herniation of the subarachnoid into the sella through a deficient diaphragma sella, and was first defined by Ommaya in 1968. Non‐traumatic (spontaneous) rhinorrhea remains an uncommon disease initially described in 1826.

Experience of the individual otolaryngologist is limited in this region because of infrequent occurrence and because definitive treatment is directed to other specialties. On the other hand, the ear, nose and throat physician may be the first to interpret a drainage from the nose. With this in mind, the etiologic, clinical and management factors in the present case are discussed.
Carotid body paraganglioma with metastases.
Authors: Zbaren Peter , Lehmann Willy
Published: October 2006

The diagnosis of a carotid body paraganglioma with metastases led us to a critical review of the literature of 106 cases with metastasis reported between 1893 and 1980. The percentage of tumors with metastasis is in the order of 11.5% to 13%. There is no proven histological criterion from which to assert or infer their malignancy.
Studies of early laryngeal reinnervation.
Authors: Chang Shyue‐Yih
Published: October 2006

In 1973, Hengerer and Tucker reported a method for laryngeal reinnervation. The purpose of this study is to objectively verify the reinnervalion mechanism in 20 dogs with nerve‐muscle pedicle grafts. Three months after the experimental operation direct stimulation of the nerve to the neuromuscular pedicle produced an evoked action potential of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. This was recorded. Histologic examination of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle and the nerve‐muscle pedicle were performed. The electromyogram revealed in ten of fifteen dogs an excitable action potential. This can be considered as objective evidence for reinnervation from the neuromuscular pedicle.
Meibomian gland adenocarcinoma of the eyelid with preauricular lymph node metastasis
Authors: Mashburn Mark A. , Chonkich George D. , Chase Donald R.
Published: October 2006

Meibomian gland carcinomas of the eyelid are rare neoplasms, accounting for less than 1% of all eyelid tumors. They usually mimic chalazia and undergo repeated curettage before a definitive diagnosis is made. Although they are relatively slow growing tumors they behave in an aggressive manner, frequently metastasizing to regional lymph nodes. Approximately 50% of the patients who develop metastasis to lymph nodes of the neck will survive five years. We present a case of meibomian gland carcinoma with preauricluar lymph node metastasis, treated with orbital exenteration, superficial parotidectomy, and radical neck dissection.
Clinical trials with a 22‐channel cochlear prosthesis
Authors: Cohen Noel L. , Waltzman Susan B. , Shapiro William H.
Published: October 2006

During 1984, six patients have been implanted with a 22‐channel cochlear prosthesis. The device features a programmable wearable speech processor using a speech feature encoding strategy. A strict clinical protocol was followed, and no patients have been lost to follow‐up. All patients are regular users of the device and have shown a restoration of hearing sensation in response to acoustic stimuli. Pure tone averages ranged from 20 to 47 dB HL and speech detection thresholds varied from 15 to 32.5 dB HL. All patients have shown a recognition of a large variety of environmental sounds, and an improvement in speech recognition ability when the device is used in conjunction with lipreading. Speech reception thresholds using spondee words without lipreading were obtained in three patients at levels of 27.5 to 55 dB HL and one patient had an open‐set speech discrimination score (w‐22 word list) of 42% without lipreading. In addition, two of the patients show an ability to have limited interactive conversation without the use of lipreading.
Untoward sequelae of prolonged intubation
Authors: Gaynor Edward B. , Greenberg Sheldon B.
Published: October 2006

Laryngeal sequelae following prolonged endotracheal intubation are being observed with increasing frequency as this technique of airway management is being employed for extended periods of time. Many etiologic factors have been implicated in the development of these problems with the exact reasons being as yet unknown. After reviewing the records of 372 consecutive patients intubated over an 18‐month period, we have observed an increased frequency of these complications in the diabetic female patient and suggest that early tracheostomy should be considered in these individuals when the use of prolonged intubation is anticipated. The possible pathophysiology of this problem in the diabetic, as well as the non‐diabetic intubated patient, and its possible prevention will be discussed.
Nosocomial legionella pneumonia in a population of head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Johnson Jonas T. , Yu Victor L. , Wagner Robin L. , Best Michele G.
Published: October 2006

A prospective study of nosocomial pneumonia following major head and neck surgery was conducted when it was recognized that Legionella contaminated the hospital water supply. Legionella pneumonia had not previously been diagnosed in our hospital.

Every head and neck patient with nosocomial pneumonia had specialized tests performed. During the 18‐month study period, 29% of patients with nosocomial pneumonia (7 of 27) had evidence of legionellosis. The sero‐group of the infecting Legionella was the same as the Legionella in the water supply.

Legionella was seen exclusively in patients with clinically evident aspiration. Legionella pneumonia was not demonstrated in patients undergoing laryngectomy. We conclude that specialized testing must be employed to avoid delay in diagnosis and failure to administer specific antibiotic therapy. Legionellosis may be underdiagnosed in hospitalized patients.
Intratemporal carotid artery bypass in resection of a base of skull tumor
Authors: Urken Mark L. , Biller Hugh F. , Haimov Moshe
Published: October 2006

Tumors of the skull base with carotid artery involvement have heretofore required carotid ligation or been deemed inoperable. Two case reports are presented in which en bloc resection of malignant base of skull tumors included removal of a portion of the internal carotid artery. In the first case, the tumor was primarily in the parapharyngeal space and extended to the base of skull. Partial temporal bone resection was carried out to obtain exposure for carotid reconstruction. The second case involved an en bloc temporal bone resection for a recurrent, malignant, mixed tumor that had invaded the carotid canal. Revascularization was achieved in both cases by an autogenous, saphenous vein graft. The patients suffered no postoperative ischemic neurologic sequelae.

These are the first known cases of a carotid bypass with distal anastomosis to the intratemporal portion of the internal carotid artery for a malignant base of skull neoplasm. The authors propose this procedure as an alternative to carotid ligation during surgery of tumors of the skull base requiring carotid resection.
Central projections of primary vestibular fibers in the bullfrog. iii. the anterior semicircular canal afferents
Authors: Honrubia Vicente , Suarez Carlos , Kuruvilla Alexander , Sitko Stefan
Published: October 2006

A study was made of the projection patterns in the vestibular nuclei of primary afferent fibers innervating the crista of the anterior semicircular canal (ASC) of the bullfrog. Individual neurons were intracellularly recorded to characterize their spontaneous activity and injected with horseradish peroxidase to visualize their central and peripheral projections. A quantitative evaluation was made of the lengths of the central projections of primary afferents in the various vestibular nuclei and of the number of branch terminals and their precise locations in each of the major vestibular projection areas in the brain stem.

The differences between the central projection patterns of the two types of primary afferent fibers were documented: the thick fibers with their irregular spontaneous activity and the thin fibers with their more regular spontaneous activity. Each neuron sends many terminals to various vestibular nuclei. The ventral part of the ventral nucleus receives the greatest number of terminals from fibers of all sizes. The medial nucleus receives terminals from the thin fibers only, while the reticular formation receives terminals exclusively from the thick fibers. All the vestibular nuclei receive innervation from ASC afferents, with considerable overlap in areas of innervation between fibers of different caliber. Differences were found between the thick and thin fibers in their locations, their patterns of branching, and the appearance of their terminal boutons. These anatomic characteristics are interpreted to represent physiologic differences in the production of reflexes by thick and thin neurons. It is also postulated that these different neurons play different roles in vestibular system function: thick neurons contribute to the maintenance of equilibrium during movement while thin neurons participate in the maintenance of posture and vestibular tonus.
Otological and habilitative management of children with down syndrome
Authors: Pappas Dennis G. , Flexer Carol , Shackelford Linda
Published: October 2006

It has been well‐established that children with Down syndrome experience a high incidence of persistent conductive hearing loss because of their predisposition to stenosis of the external auditory canal (EAC), cerumen impaction, serous otitis media (SOM), and cholesteatoma. Because this hearing problem may be a primary cause of the spoken communication skills in these children being far below their cognitive ability, assertive management is required. The authors present an aggressive multi‐discipline treatment model that is instituted during the first year of life in an infant with Down syndrome. Reconstruction of the EAC, amplification technology, and speech/language intervention that emphasizes auditory‐verbal (A/V) therapy are discussed. In a pilot study, we compared the language development of six infants with Down syndrome who received aggressive treatment during their first year of life (group A) to six infants who did not (group B). The results showed age‐appropriate oral language development for the infants in group A.
Recurrences after endoscopic management of early (T1) glottic carcinoma
Authors: Thomas Jon V. , Olsen Kerry D. , Bryan Neel H. , Desanto Lawrence W. , Suman Vera J.
Published: October 2006

From 1976 to 1986, 106 patients with early glottic carcinoma were managed endoscopically at our institution. Twenty‐four (23%) patients required re‐treatment of the larynx for local recurrences or new primary lesions after initial endoscopic management. The probability of remaining free of local recurrence 3 years after primary surgery was estimated to be 0.87 and, after 5 years, it was 0.81.

Of the 24 patients who required re‐treatment of their larynx, 10 did so beyond 3 years, indicating a new second primary. In 1 patient who required re‐treatment within 3 years, a new primary developed on the opposite cord. Therefore, true local recurrences developed in 13 patients (12.3%); 3 of these patients (2.8%) ultimately required laryngectomy and 3 are dead (2.8%) with disease.
Fibular and iliac crest osteomuscular free flap reconstruction of the oral cavity
Authors: Haughey Bruce H. , Fredrickson John M. , Lerrick Andrew J. , Sclaroff Allen , Gay William D.
Published: October 2006

A method for reconstruction of oral cavity soft tissues using segmentally or axially supplied free muscle flaps harvested as a unit with their bone components is presented. Both fibular/soleus and iliac crest/internal oblique free flaps are documented, and the pros and cons of each donor site are presented.

Twenty‐one patients, 17 with cancer or osteoradionecrosis and 4 with benign or congenital conditions of the mandible, have undergone this operation. Ten bone grafts were simultaneously embedded with osseointegrated implants. All free flaps except one survived and resulted in a smoothly mucosalized oral lining. Six patients have had their implants successfully uncovered, all of whom are wearing prostheses. Four other patients are using tissue‐borne prostheses. Transfer of free, nonbulky muscle flaps for mucosalized oral soft‐tissue reconstruction is feasible in selected patients using first the fibular and, second, the iliac donor site; this soft‐tissue technique also contributes to prosthetic dental rehabilitation.
Computer‐assisted surgical techniques using the vanderbilt free electron laser
Authors: Reinisch Lou , Mendenhall Marcus , Charous Steve , Ossoff Robert H.
Published: October 2006

The Vanderbilt Free Electron Laser (FEL) is capable of lasing between 2.0 and 8.0 μm with a high peak intensity pulsed structure. The FEL is used to investigate potential applications in otolaryngology. Charring of temporal bones and thermal stress patterns in Plexiglas indicate thermal buildup at 20 and 10 Hz repetition rates of the laser. Also, transient temperature changes measured with thermocouples in a gelatin model reveal that significant heat production occurs at these laser repetition rates. To utilize the fastest laser repetition rates and maintain minimal lateral thermal damage, a computer‐controlled scanning system was devised. The authors have also used the computer control with the carbon dioxide laser and experienced improved ablation.
Four‐year follow‐up after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in 50 unselected patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Larsson L. Håkan , Carlsson‐Nordlander Britt , Svanborg Eva
Published: October 2006

Fifty unselected consecutive patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) diagnosed by nocturnal recordings of respiration movements by a static charge sensitive bed (SCSB) and oximetry, alone or combined with polysomnography, were studied. Renewed SCSB—oximetry recordings evaluated treatment. Six months after surgery, 30 of 50 were classified as responders. Twenty‐one months after surgery, 19 of 49 were responders. Patients who relapsed showed a significant increase in mean body mass index (BMI). Four years after surgery, 24 of 48 patients were responders. Preoperative BMI was significantly lower in the responder group. Subsequent treatment was required in 15 nonresponders. There was no correlation between patients' subjective improvement and objective results. The study resulted in the following conclusions: 1. The responder rate to UPPP in unselected patients is low. 2. Obesity and high indices of nocturnal respiratory disturbance are negative predictors. 3. The patients' subjective recovery alone must not be used for postoperative evaluation. 4. With regular follow‐up and the use of the treatment alternatives available today, the majority of OSAS patients can receive effective treatment.
Tuned‐Aperture Computed Tomography for Detection of Induced Mid‐Buccal/Lingual Alveolar Bone Defects
Authors: Nair M.K. , Bezik Jaklin
Published: October 2006

Background: The detection of bone loss in mid‐buccal and lingual crests is impossible using conventional radiographs because of the superimposition of overlying anatomy and lack of three‐dimensional information. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of tuned‐aperture computed tomography (TACT) and conventional two‐dimensional direct digital radiography (DDR) in an in vitro environment.

Methods: A total of 45 mandibular molars had 0.8‐mm lesions on mid‐buccal/lingual crestal areas. Half of the sites received defects, whereas the other half served as controls. Nine DDR images were used to generate TACT slices that were further subjected to iterative restoration (TACT‐IR). Eight observers used a confidence rating scale to record diagnoses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was done, and areas under the curves were computed (Az) as indicators of diagnostic accuracy. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for effects of observer, imaging modality, and location on the detection of lesions.

Results: TACT‐IR performed significantly better than DDR. There was a significant difference in the accuracy of diagnosis based on observers (P <0.001).

Conclusion: TACT‐IR appears to be the imaging modality of choice for the detection of small osseous changes on crestal bone in mid‐buccal/lingual sites.
Experimental and numerical study of droplets hydrodynamics in microchannels
Authors: Sarrazin Flavie , Loubière Karine , Prat Laurent , Gourdon Christophe , Bonometti Thomas , Magnaudet Jacques
Published: October 2006

This article reports on numerical simulations and experimental determination of the hydrodynamics of liquid–liquid flow in rectangular microchannels. The numerical method is an interface‐capturing technique without any interface reconstruction. Microparticle image velocimetry (micro‐PIV) measurements are used to obtain experimental velocity fields inside droplets that are compared to simulations. Finally, injecting a passive tracer in the simulated droplets also helps to obtain a better understanding of the mixing phenomenon. These results allow interpreting mixing defaults during bleaching experiments inside microdroplets. Furthermore, this study leads to important results about interface deformation and velocity fields inside the droplets and in the continuous phase for mass‐ and heat‐transfer studies. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Cognitive dysfunction in β‐thalassemia minor
Authors: Nevruz Oral , Ulas Umit , Cetin Turker , Kutukcu Yasar , Kurekci Ahmet
Published: October 2006

β‐thalassemia minor is a common, hereditary, and mostly symptomless disease. Previous studies have shown that lower hemoglobin values are associated with poorer cognitive functions. We aimed to evaluate the cognitive function in patients with β‐thalassemia minor. Thirty‐two male subjects with β‐thalassemia minor and 32 sex‐, age‐, and education status‐matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Blood tests and P300 potentials were carried out. P300 potential latency in all patients was significantly longer than those in the control group (337.63 ± 34.89 msec and 310.66 ± 14.30 msec, respectively; t 4.046, P < 0.001). The amplitudes of P300 in patient group were significantly lower than those in the control group (5.19 ± 3.59 μV and 9.81 ± 3.33 μV, respectively; t 5.349, P < 0.001). In this study, we have found that P300 potentials are adversely affected for cognitive functions in patients with β‐thalassemia minor. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Environmental effects on skeletal versus dental development: Using a documented subadult skeletal sample to test a basic assumption in human osteological research
Authors: Cardoso Hugo F.V.
Published: October 2006

This study examines the relationship between measures of skeletal and dental development and socioeconomic factors in a 20th century documented skeletal sample of children from Portugal. The skeletons are of known sex and chronological age, and include other biographic data, such as cause of death. Growth in the length of the long bone is used as a measure of skeletal growth, and schedules of tooth formation are used as a measure of dental development. These two measures of physiological age were compared to chronological age, to assess growth and developmental status. Socioeconomic indicators were obtained from the supporting documentation, and include the occupation of the father and the place of residence, which were used to build a socioeconomic classification based on two groups, one of low and the other of high socioeconomic status. Growth and development status was then compared in these two groups. Results show that socioeconomic differences are much more pronounced in skeletal growth than in dental development. This largely supports the assertion that dental development is buffered against environmental factors relative to skeletal development. However, in this study, skeletal maturation could not be assessed, and findings indicate that dental development can show significant delays at the lower end of the socioeconomic gradient. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mineralization of the mandibular third molar: A study of American blacks and whites
Authors: Harris Edward F.
Published: October 2006

The tempo of tooth mineralization is under significant genetic control, and the orderly progression of morphological changes—in concert with the long span during growth in which teeth form—makes “dental age” a useful measure of a person's degree of biological maturity. The third molar is of particular interest because (1) it is the last and most variable tooth to form and (2) it is the only tooth to complete formation after puberty, which has made it attractive in forensic and legal circles as an estimator of adulthood. Age standards are described here for mandibular third molar formation stages in a cross‐sectional sample of 4,010 persons (age range: 3–25 years), with proportionate sample sizes of American blacks and whites and males and females. Formation was scored against the 15‐grade ordinal scheme of Moorrees, and descriptive statistics were computed using proportional hazards survival analysis. Blacks achieved each formation stage significantly ahead of whites, but not in a uniform manner. Instead, there was an enhanced advancement in blacks during crown formation and during late stages of root formation. In both races formation proceeded faster in males, which is unique for the third molar, as prior studies suggest. Sample variance increases with the stage of formation, such that 95% confidence limits span 8 or more years for root formation stages. Consequently, the third molar provides a rough gauge of an individual's chronological age, but the considerable variability precludes any precise estimate, particularly in late adolescence where most forensic interest has focused. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An elusive paleodemography? A comparison of two methods for estimating the adult age distribution of deaths at late Classic Copan, Honduras
Authors: Storey Rebecca
Published: October 2006

Comparison of different adult age estimation methods on the same skeletal sample with unknown ages could forward paleodemographic inference, while researchers sort out various controversies. The original aging method for the auricular surface (Lovejoy et al., 1985a) assigned an age estimation based on several separate characteristics. Researchers have found this original method hard to apply. It is usually forgotten that before assigning an age, there was a seriation, an ordering of all available individuals from youngest to oldest. Thus, age estimation reflected the place of an individual within its sample. A recent article (Buckberry and Chamberlain, 2002) proposed a revised method that scores theses various characteristics into age stages, which can then be used with a Bayesian method to estimate an adult age distribution for the sample. Both methods were applied to the adult auricular surfaces of a Pre‐Columbian Maya skeletal population from Copan, Honduras and resulted in age distributions with significant numbers of older adults. However, contrary to the usual paleodemographic distribution, one Bayesian estimation based on uniform prior probabilities yielded a population with 57% of the ages at death over 65, while another based on a high mortality life table still had 12% of the individuals aged over 75 years. The seriation method yielded an age distribution more similar to that known from preindustrial historical situations, without excessive longevity of adults. Paleodemography must still wrestle with its elusive goal of accurate adult age estimation from skeletons, a necessary base for demographic study of past populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inferring Plio‐Pleistocene southern African biochronology from facial affinities in Parapapio and other fossil papionins
Authors: Williams F.L. , Ackermann R.R. , Leigh S.R.
Published: October 2006

Buried in the same South African cave deposits as Australopithecus, fossil papionins have been referred to Parapapio (Pp. whitei, Pp. broomi, Pp. jonesi, Pp. antiquus), Papio (P. izodi, P. angusticeps, P. h. robinsoni), Theropithecus (e.g., T. darti), Gorgopithecus, or Dinopithecus on the basis of postcanine tooth size and descriptive morphology of the muzzle. The morphological patterns of variation that these papionins demonstrate can help to place the Australopithecus fossils into a biochronological context and provide valuable information for reconstructing regional Plio‐Pleistocene turnover. To document these patterns of variation across fossil‐bearing sites, we explore morphometric affinities within Parapapio, and between Parapapio and other Plio‐Pleistocene taxa (Dinopithecus ingens, Papio angusticeps, Papio izodi, and Theropithecus darti) by analyzing a sample of interlandmark distances derived from 3‐D coordinate data of the most complete fossil papionin specimens available. Bivariate and multivariate analyses show that Pp. whitei exhibits as much variation between sites and between individuals as Pp. broomi and Pp. whitei combined. Diversity in Parapapio at Makapansgat and Sterkfontein may suggest substantial time depth to the caves. Theropithecus darti, Dinopithecus ingens, Papio angusticeps, Pp. whitei from Bolt's Farm (BF 43), and Pp. jonesi from Sterkfontein (STS 565) differ considerably from one another. Other Parapapio specimens across sites form a separate cluster with P. izodi from Taung, suggesting a Pliocene age for this site. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Receiver–Amplifier, Self‐Immolative Dendritic Device
Authors: Amir Roey J. , Danieli Eyal , Shabat Doron
Published: October 2006

Self‐immolative dendrimers disassemble through a domino‐like chain fragmentation initiated by a single cleavage at the dendrimer core. We have designed and synthesized dendritic molecules that resemble dendritic architectures present in nature. The unique design allows a cleavage signal received by any one of the multiple triggers on one side of the dendrimer to be transferred convergently to a focal point. The signal is divergently amplified through to the other side of the dendrimer, reporter units are released, and fluorescence is emitted. During signal propagation, the dendritic molecule disassembles in a self‐immolative manner into small fragments. These compounds are the longest dendritic system ever reported to disassemble through sequential self‐immolative reactions. The synthesized dendritic molecules have an architecture and signal‐conducting activity related to that of neurons.
Synthesis, Structure and Luminescence Property of Two Lanthanum Phosphite Hydrates: La2(H2O)x(HPO3)3 (x = 1, 2).
Authors: Xiong Ding‐Bang , Li Man‐Rong , Liu Wei , Chen Hao‐Hong , Yang Xin‐Xin , Zhao Jing‐Tai
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Properties of Polyaniline‐Supported Metal Complexes.
Authors: Choudary Boyapati M. , Roy Moumita , Roy Sarabindu , Kantam M. Lakshmi , Sreedhar Bojja , Kumar Karasala Vijay
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convenient Synthesis of a New Class of Chiral Hydroxymethyldihydrooxazole Ligands and Their Application in Asymmetric Addition to Diethylzinc to Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Li Zhi‐ting , Li Xin‐sheng , Li Liang‐chao , Xu Dong‐cheng
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Isomerization of Alkynes to 1,3‐Dienes under Rhodium or Palladium Catalysis.
Authors: Yasui Hiroto , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tin‐Free Radical Alkylation of Ketones via N‐Silyloxy Enamines.
Authors: Song Hyun‐Ji , Lim Che Jo , Lee Sunggi , Kim Sunggak
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organobase‐Mediated Cannizzaro Reaction.
Authors: Basavaiah Deevi , Sharada Duddu S. , Veerendhar Ainelly
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Carboxylic Phosphoric Anhydrides as a New Coupling Partner in Pd‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions: A New Ketone Synthesis.
Authors: Lim Kyoung‐Chan , Hong Young‐Taek , Kim Sunggak
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design of Broensted Acid Assisted Chiral Broensted Acid Catalyst Bearing a Bis(triflyl)methyl Group for a Mannich‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Hasegawa Aiko , Naganawa Yuki , Fushimi Makoto , Ishihara Kazuaki , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Highly Regioselective Cyanothiolation of Alkynes via Oxidative Addition of Thiocyanates to Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) Palladium(0) Catalyst.
Authors: Kamiya Ikuyo , Kawakami Jun‐ichi , Yano Shigenobu , Nomoto Akihiro , Ogawa Akiya
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of anti‐1,3‐Diaryl‐3‐chloro‐2‐(o‐nitrophenylsulfonylamino)‐3‐propan‐1‐ones Through Catalytic Aminohalogenation Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Liu Junying , Wang Yining , Li Guigen
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Double Coupling Reactions of 3,4‐Bis(stannyl)furanone: Facile Preparation of Diaryl‐ and Dibenzylfuranones.
Authors: Carter Neil B. , Mabon Ross , Walmsley Rachel , Richecoeur Alexandre M. E. , Sweeney J. B.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gold Catalysis: Phenol Synthesis in the Presence of Functional Groups.
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Weyrauch Jan P. , Kurpejovic Elzen , Frost Tanja M. , Miehlich Burkhard , Frey Wolfgang , Bats Jan W.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diastereoselective Michael Addition of (S)‐Mendelic Acid Enolate to 2‐Arylidene‐1,3‐diketones: Enantioselective Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Densely Substituted Pyrazoles.
Authors: Blay Gonzalo , Fernandez Isabel , Molina Eva , Munoz M. Carmen , Pedro Jose R. , Vila Carlos
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Discovery of Thiochroman Derivatives Bearing a Carboxy‐Containing Side Chain as Orally Active Pure Antiestrogens.
Authors: Kanbe Yoshitake , et al. et al.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
4‐Difluoro‐Substituted Phenyl‐5‐oxohexahydroquinoline Derivatives and Their Effects on Calcium Channels.
Authors: Simsek Rahime , Guenduez Miyase Goezde , Sirmaguel Basar , Safak Cihat , Erol Kevser , Linden Anthony
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dehydrogenation of 4‐Phenyl‐Substituted Spinaceamine and Spinacine.
Authors: Smolyar N. N. , Abramyants M. G. , Yutilov Yu. M.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of N‐3[4‐(4‐Chlorophenyl) thiazole‐2‐yl]‐2‐(aminomethyl)quinazoline‐4(3H)‐one and Their Derivatives for Antitubercular Activity.
Authors: Pattan Shashikant R. , Reddy V. V. Krishna , Manvi F. V. , Desai B. G. , Bhat A. R.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Certain New Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines as Potential Antitumor and Radioprotective Agents.
Authors: Ghorab Mostafa M. , Ragab Fatma A. , Noaman Eman , Heiba Helmy I. , Galal Marwa
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design and Synthesis of Hydrophobic and Chiral Anions from Amino Acids as Precursor for Functional Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Fukumoto Kenta , Ohno Hiroyuki
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solid‐State Kinetic Models: Basics and Mathematical Fundamentals
Authors: Khawam Ammar , Flanagan Douglas R.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereochemical Relays: Communication via Conformation
Authors: Clayden Jonathan , Vassiliou Neoclis
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Conjecture: Imines as Unidirectional Photodriven Molecular Motors — Motional and Constitutional Dynamic Devices
Authors: Lehn Jean‐Marie
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Mechanistic Puzzle of Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Skeletal Rearrangements of Enynes
Authors: Nieto‐Oberhuber Cristina , Lopez Salome , Jimenez‐Nunez Eloisa , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylations
Authors: You Shu‐Li , Dai Li‐Xin
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Generic Compound Isolation Using Solid‐Phase Trapping as Part of the Chromatographic Purification Process. Part 1. Proof of Generic Trapping Concept.
Authors: Boughtflower Bob , Lane Steve , Mutton Ian , Stasica Przemyslaw
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A gene trap knockout of the abundant sperm tail protein, outer dense fiber 2, results in preimplantation lethality
Authors: Salmon Nicholas A. , Reijo Pera Renee A. , Xu Eugene Yujun
Published: October 2006

Outer dense fiber 2 (Odf2) is highly expressed in the testis where it encodes a major component of the outer dense fibers of the sperm flagellum. Furthermore, ODF2 protein has recently been identified as a widespread centrosomal protein. While the expression of Odf2 highlighted a potential role for this gene in male germ cell development and centrosome function, the in vivo function of Odf2 was not known. We have generated Odf2 knockout mice using an Odf2 gene trapped embryonic stem cell (ESC) line. Insertion of a gene trap vector into exon 9 resulted in a gene that encodes a severely truncated protein lacking a large portion of its predicted coil forming domains as well as both leucine zipper motifs that are required for protein–protein interactions with ODF1, another major component of the outer dense fibers. Although wild‐type and heterozygous mice were recovered, no mice homozygous for the Odf2 gene trap insertion were recovered in an extended breeding program. Furthermore, no homozygous embryos were found at the blastocyst stage of embryonic development, implying a critical pre‐implantation role for Odf2. We show that Odf2 is expressed widely in adults and is also expressed in the blastocyst stage of preimplantation development. These findings are in contrast with early studies reporting Odf2 expression as testis specific and suggest that embryonic Odf2 expression plays a critical role during preimplantation development in mice. genesis 44:515–522, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The anterior visceral endoderm—turning heads
Authors: Srinivas Shankar
Published: October 2006

The Anterior Visceral Endoderm is an extraembryonic tissue that plays a pivotal role during embryogenesis, being responsible for the proper orientation of the anterior‐posterior axis of the embryo and for appropriate pattering of adjacent embryonic tissue. In this review I discuss the formation and migration of the AVE, and attempt to place some recent findings in the context of a working model. genesis 44:565–572, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNFα on the intracellular localization of retinoid receptors in Schwann cells
Authors: Mey Jörg , Schrage Kirsten , Wessels Inga , Vollpracht‐Crijns Ilona
Published: October 2006

It was investigated whether retinoic acid (RA) and the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNFα influence the intracellular distribution of retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR) in Schwann cells. This question arose because nuclear translocation of RARα, RXRα, and RXRβ was observed after nerve injury, and because mutual interactions exist between the signal transduction pathways of RA and proinflammatory cytokines. Schwann cell primary cultures from the rat sciatic nerve were incubated with IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNFα, with all‐transRA and with a combination of IL‐1β and RA. After incubation periods ranging from 5 min to 5 h, the intracellular distributions of RARα, RARβ, RXRα, and RXRβ were analyzed. All three cytokines caused a shift of RARα from the cytosolic compartments into the cell nuclei. This was also observed with RA, and combining RA with IL‐1β produced an additive effect. IL‐1β and IL‐6 also affected the distribution of RARβ, although immunoreactivity of this receptor always remained stronger in the cytosol. No effect of the cytokines on RXRα or RXRβ was observed, whereas RA treatment caused a stronger nuclear signal of both receptors. Effects on the subcellular localization of retinoid receptors may provide a link in a feedback loop between RA/RAR and cytokines. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
S100B expression defines a state in which GFAP‐expressing cells lose their neural stem cell potential and acquire a more mature developmental stage
Authors: Raponi Eric , Agenes Fabien , Delphin Christian , Assard Nicole , Baudier Jacques , Legraverend Catherine , Deloulme Jean‐Christophe
Published: October 2006

During the postnatal development, astrocytic cells in the neocortex progressively lose their neural stem cell (NSC) potential, whereas this peculiar attribute is preserved in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ). To understand this fundamental difference, many reports suggest that adult subventricular GFAP‐expressing cells might be maintained in immature developmental stage. Here, we show that S100B, a marker of glial cells, is absent from GFAP‐expressing cells of the SVZ and that its onset of expression characterizes a terminal maturation stage of cortical astrocytic cells. Nevertheless, when cultured in vitro, SVZ astrocytic cells developed as S100B expressing cells, as do cortical astrocytic cells, suggesting that SVZ microenvironment represses S100B expression. Using transgenic s100b‐EGFP cells, we then demonstrated that S100B expression coincides with the loss of neurosphere forming abilities of GFAP expressing cells. By doing grafting experiments with cells derived from β‐actin‐GFP mice, we next found that S100B expression in astrocytic cells is repressed in the SVZ, but not in the striatal parenchyma. Furthermore, we showed that treatment with epidermal growth factor represses S100B expression in GFAP‐expressing cells in vitro as well as in vivo. Altogether, our results indicate that the S100B expression defines a late developmental stage after which GFAP‐expressing cells lose their NSC potential and suggest that S100B expression is repressed by adult SVZ microenvironment. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transformation of adult retina from the regenerative to the axonogenesis state activates specific genes in various subsets of neurons and glial cells
Authors: Liedtke Thomas , Naskar Rita , Eisenacher Martin , Thanos Solon
Published: October 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the gene expression profile of the regenerating retina in vitro. To achieve this goal, three experimental groups were studied: (1) an injury control group (OC‐LI group) that underwent open crush (OC) of the optic nerve and lens injury (LI) in vivo; (2) an experimental group (OC‐LI‐R group) that comprised animals treated like those in the OC‐LI group except that retinal axons were allowed to regenerate (R) in vitro; and (3) an experimental group (OC‐LI‐NR group) that comprised animals treated as those in the OC‐LI group, except that the retinas were cultured in vitro with the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer facing upwards to prevent axonal regeneration (NR). Gene expression in each treatment group was compared to that of untreated controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine whether expression of differentially regulated genes also occurred at the protein level and to localize these proteins to the respective retinal cells. Genes that were regulated belonged to different functional categories such as antioxidants, antiapoptotic molecules, transcription factors, secreted signaling molecules, inflammation‐related genes, and others. Comparison of changes in gene expression among the various treatment groups revealed a relatively small cohort of genes that was expressed in different subsets of cells only in the OC‐LI‐R group; these genes can be considered to be regeneration‐specific. Our findings demonstrate that axonal regeneration of RGC involves an orchestrated response of all retinal neurons and glia, and could provide a platform for the development of therapeutic strategies for the regeneration of injured ganglion cells. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors influencing the release of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved forms of nitrogen from a small upland headwater during autumn runoff events
Authors: Cooper Richard , Thoss Vera , Watson Helen
Published: October 2006

We identify and assess the relative importance of the principal factors influencing the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved forms of nitrogen (N) from a small upland headwater dominated by podzolic soils during a sequence of autumn runoff events. We achieve this by subjecting high‐resolution hydrometeorological and hydrochemical data to an R‐mode principal component factor analysis and a stepwise multivariate regression analysis. We find that the release of DOC and N is influenced by four principal factors, namely event magnitude, soil water flow through the Bs horizon, the length of time since the soil profile was last flushed, and rewetting of the H horizon. The release of DOC and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is most strongly influenced by the combination of event magnitude and soil water flow through the Bs horizon, and to a lesser extent by the length of time since the soil profile was last flushed. Rewetting of the H horizon also influences the release of DOC, but this is not the case for DON. The release of nitrate (NO3‐N) is most strongly influenced by the combination of the length of time since the soil profile was last flushed and rewetting of the H horizon, and to a lesser extent by event magnitude. Soil water flow through the Bs horizon does not influence the release of NO3‐N. We argue that the mechanisms by which the above factors influence the release of DOC and N are probably strongly associated with moisture‐dependent biological activity, which governs the turnover of organic matter in the soil and limits the availability of NO3‐N in the soil for leaching. We conclude that the release of DOC and N from upland headwaters dominated by podzolic soils is largely controlled by the variable interaction of hydrometeorological factors and moisture‐dependent biological processes, and that a shift in climate towards drier summers and wetter winters may result in the release of DOC and N becoming increasingly variable and more episodic in the future. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.