bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dietary Cholesterol on Growth Performance, Cholesterol Deposition, and Lipid Metabolism in Adult Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
Authors: Guo Hui-xing , Jiang Guang-zhen , Dai Yong-jun , Huang Yang-yang , Wang Xi , Xiao Kang , Wang Mang-mang , Abasubong Kenneth , Xu Yun , Zhang Ding-dong , Liu Wen-bin
Published: May 2022

This research investigated the effects of dietary cholesterol (CHO) on growth, molting performance, CHO deposition, and lipid metabolism of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Six diets were formulated to contain 0% (control), 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.6% CHO and were administered to E. sinensis

43.35
±
0.05
 
g

, for 16 weeks. From our results, crabs fed with 0.2% and 0.4% CHO diet, the final body weight (FBW), and weight gain ratio (WGR) increased significantly and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased significantly compared with that of the control group. Furthermore, the molting performance of E. sinensis was significantly improved in crabs fed 0.2% CHO. Meanwhile, 0.2% CHO tends to upregulate molt-promoting genes and downregulate the expression of molt-inhibiting genes. It indicated that CHO might improve the molting performance of crabs by regulating ecdysteroid signal pathway transduction. In addition, dietary CHO can significantly increase the content of CHO in the hepatopancreas, muscle, and hemolymph. Moreover, dietary CHO increases the content of triglyceride (TG) in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph. The gene-related lipid metabolism shows that CHO may increase the lipid content by promoting lipid synthesis and inhibiting lipolysis. According to the results of this study, the dietary CHO requirement of E. sinensis is 0.27% for growth requirement and 0.45% for tissue CHO deposition based on the broken-line model.
Overall Structural Alteration of Gut Microbiota and Relationships with Risk Factors in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome Treated with Inulin Alone and with Other Agents: An Open-Label Pilot Study
Authors: Tian Ruiping , Hong Jiahui , Zhao Jingjie , Zhou Dengyuan , Liu Yangchen , Jiao Zhenshan , Song Jian , Zhang Yu , Meng Lingzhang , Yu Ming
Published: May 2022

Objective. The relative contribution of some products with prebiotic effects, such as inulin, together with medications specific to the human gut microbiome has not been comprehensively studied. The present study determined the potential for manipulating populations in the gut microbiome using inulin alone and combined with other agents in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The study also assessed whether there is relationship variability in multiple clinical parameters in response to intervention with the changes in the gut milieu. Participants/Methods. This single-centre, single-blinded, randomised community-based pilot trial randomly assigned 60 patients (mean age, 46.3 y and male, 43%) with MetS to receive either inulin, inulin+traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), or inulin+metformin for 6 months. Lipid profiles, blood glucose, and uric acid (UA) levels were analysed in venous blood samples collected after overnight fast of 8 h at baseline and at the end of the follow-up period. Microbiota from stool samples were taxonomically analysed using 16S RNA amplicon sequencing, and an integrative analysis was conducted on microbiome and responsiveness data at 6 months. Results. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that inulin resulted in a higher proportion of Bacteroides at the endpoint compared with inulin+TCM and inulin+metformin (

p
=
0.024

). More Romboutsia (

p
=
0.043

), Streptococcus (

p
<
0.001

), and Holdemanella (

p
=
0.011

) were found in inulin+TCM and inulin+metformin samples. We further identified gut microbiota relationships with lipids, UA, and glucose that impact the development of MetS. Conclusion. Among the groups, inulin alone or combined with metformin or TCM altered specific gut microbiota taxa but not the general diversity. Accordingly, we analysed metabolites associated with microbiota that might provide more information about intrinsic differences. Consequently, a reliable method could be developed for treating metabolic syndrome in the future.
Carboxylic Acid Bioisosteres in Medicinal Chemistry: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Bredael Kato , Geurs Silke , Clarisse Dorien , De Bosscher Karolien , D’hooghe Matthias
Published: May 2022

Lead optimization represents the tedious process of fine-tuning lead compounds from biologically active hits to suitable drug candidates for clinical trials. By chemically modifying a hit structure, an improved compound can be obtained in terms of activity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties. The carboxylic acid moiety is known to be a crucial functionality in many pharmaceutically active compounds. Despite its common use as a key functionality in drugs, its presence in a lead molecule is often associated with poor pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity. In this literature overview, we discuss how the shortcomings of a carboxylic acid can be circumvented by replacing this functionality with bioisosteres. In this way, the positive aspects of this moiety, such as its activity, for example, by virtue of its capacity to form hydrogen bonds, can be maintained or even improved. To that end, we provide an overview of the most promising carboxylic acid bioisosteres and discuss a selection of synthetic routes towards the main functionalities.
Factor Analysis for Financial Performance Evaluation of Listed Chinese Medicine Companies
Authors: Wang Jin
Published: May 2022

Coastal city enterprises are directly related to people’s health and are considered to be a sunrise industry that does not fall, while the 14th Five-Year Plan proposes to vigorously develop coastal city enterprises. In this paper, the financial data of 20 coastal city enterprises in 2019 were selected as samples, and an index system reflecting the characteristics of coastal city enterprises was constructed and analyzed by factor analysis to obtain objective enterprise performance scores and rankings. The results show that the Chinese medicine industry has large disparities at different levels but relatively small disparities in the overall ranking. The highest overall score is Yunnan Baiyao, the highest profitability and shareholder return score is Jichuan Pharmaceutical, Ealing Pharmaceutical has the strongest solvency, Baiyunshan is the best at corporate asset inventory management, Yunnan Baiyao has the greatest asset expansion, and the Zhongheng Group has the best quality of accounts receivable. It is recommended that Chinese medicine companies should take into account their own situation, strengthen their core competitive ability, and improve their corporate performance.
Speed Limit Compliance Index (SLCI): A Conceptual Method to Enhance the Efficiency of the Advisory Intelligent Speed Adaptation System
Authors: Ghadiri Seyed Mohammadreza , Torkan Riza , Mohd Sadullah Ahmad Farhan
Published: May 2022

Globally, as many as 50 million road users are injured in road traffic crashes and about 1.35 million of them die. Between 2002 and 2030, global deaths resulting from injuries caused by road traffic accidents are predicted to increase by over 40%. Speeding has a relatively eminent relationship with accident involvement and severity. The experiences of pioneers have revealed that the intelligent speed adaptation (ISA) system reasonably has brought a promising future to speed management and road safety. The findings from the earlier studies disclose that the effect of the advisory ISA on drivers’ behavior, particularly their driving speed choice, is positive and that it is the most desirable system among the drivers. Nevertheless, the system does not have a long-lasting effect, and when the system is removed or deactivated, the effect gradually disappears. Speed limit compliance index (SLCI) is a conceptual method in the form of a novel performance-based indicator and a mathematical formulation that would be potentially a feasible solution to address the abovementioned defect, and it could be an effective countermeasure to improve the efficiency of such a system. This study mainly aims to discuss and illustrate the structure of this method.
Study on Virtual Experience Marketing Model Based on Augmented Reality: Museum Marketing (Example)
Authors: Zhu Ye , Wang Chong
Published: May 2022

With the development of emerging digital technologies such as Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality (AR) technology-enabled experience marketing model can bring brand new virtual experience to the users, improve the brand attitudes of users, and increase the use and purchase intention of users. Based on the theoretical basis of experience marketing and AR, the AR application of Guilin Museum was designed and developed by using Unity as the software development tool and using AR Foundation as the AR development framework. The implementation of this application was mainly based on face detection and tracking, image detection, and tracking in the underlying API of AR Foundation. Subsequently, an AR virtual experience marketing model was constructed based on the Schmitt strategic experience module, and the usage data of AR applications were collected. Furthermore, the collected data were analyzed and evaluated using SPSS and AMOS software, and the relationships and influences of sensory experience, emotional experience, thinking experience, action experience, and association experience on the brand attitudes of users and use intention and purchase intention in AR application were tested.
New Data on Breeding Strategies and Reproductive Success of the Globally Threatened Turtle Dove Co-Occurring with the “Competitive” Collared Dove and the “Predatory” Maghreb Magpie in Olive Orchards
Authors: Squalli Wafae , Mansouri Ismail , Ousaaid Driss , Hmidani Mohammed , Achiban Hamid , Fadil Fatima , Dakki Mohamed
Published: May 2022

Interactions between co-occurring species, including competition and predation, comprise critical processes regulating local community structure, habitat use, and diversity. We monitored nesting habitats, breeding chronology, and reproductive success rates to describe the patterns of spatiotemporal organization of three co-habiting species: the “native” turtle dove, the “invasive” collared dove, and the “predatory” Maghreb magpie. We defined nesting site parameters, breeding chronology dates, and success rates to explain how these species are dispersed in space and time. Similarly, predation attacks were evaluated. Patterns of habitat use were best explained by fear of predation and competition. Both doves selected nesting sites far away from the predatory Magpie to protect their nests. Equally, sympatric Columbidae turtle dove and collared dove were segregated horizontally and vertically only in space to reduce competition inside olive orchards. On the other side, Maghreb magpie started the breeding activity first, most probably to benefit from food abundance targeted in doves’ nests (eggs and nestlings). Further, breeding success was higher in both doves, despite predation pressure exercised by the Magpie and other reptiles. Magpie nests were colonized by the great spotted cuckoo (Clamator glandarius). Finally, this study provides the first and only detailed data on nest-niche of the turtle dove co-occurring with competitor and predator species, in the entire Northwest Africa range. Additionally, our data provide an opportunity of large-scale comparative studies of the nesting niche and breeding performances of the turtle dove, collared dove, and Maghreb magpie complex.
Social Force Model Calibration for Preschool Children Evacuations Based on Multiscenario Experiments
Authors: Qi Qingjie , She Ruifeng , Liu Han , Zhang Jingwen , Zhang Yue
Published: May 2022

The social force model has been widely used in simulating and analyzing pedestrian behavior. Like any agent-based models, the fidelity of the social force model largely relies on its numerical parameters that characterizes pedestrians’ behaviors. While parameters describing normal walking behaviors have been observed and calibrated in field experiments, those describing behaviors under abnormal and urgent circumstances have rarely been studied but are of practical significance in evaluating safety functionality of facilities, particularly those serving children or elders. Specifically aiming at providing a set of social force model parameters characterizing children’s behavior during evacuation, this study conducted evacuation experiments with preschool children under multiple emergency scenarios involving impaired-vision and flame scenarios and benchmarked against a normal scenario. A simulation-calibration framework is developed based on the social force model to calibrate evacuation behavior parameters by minimizing trajectory distance. The numerical approximation results indicate evident parameter disparities of preschool children from adults. This study can improve evacuation strategies and the designing/evaluation process of dedicated facilities layouts such as kindergarten corridors, activity rooms, and playgrounds.
Association of Human Intestinal Microbiota with Lifestyle Activity, Adiposity, and Metabolic Profiles in Thai Children with Obesity
Authors: Visuthranukul Chonnikant , Sriswasdi Sira , Tepaamorndech Surapun , Joyjinda Yutthana , Saengpanit Puthita , Kwanbunbumpen Tanisa , Panichsillaphakit Ekkarit , Uaariyapanichkul Jaraspong , Chomtho Sirinuch
Published: May 2022

Background. Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota may be linked to pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disorders. Objective. This study compared the gut microbiome of obese Thai children with that of healthy controls and examined their relationships with host lifestyle, adiposity, and metabolic profiles. Methods. This cross-sectional study enrolled obese children aged 7–15. Body composition was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Stool samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Relative abundance and alpha- and beta-diversity were compared with normal-weight Thai children from a previous publication using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and ANOSIM. Relationships of gut microbiota with lifestyle activity, body composition, and metabolic profiles were assessed by canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and Spearman correlation. Results. The study enrolled 164 obese children with a male percentage of 59%. Mean age was 10.4 ± 2.2 years with a BMI z-score of 3.2 ± 1. The abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were found to be lower in obese children compared to nonobese children. Alpha-diversity indices showed no differences between groups, while beta-diversity revealed significant differences in the family and genus levels. CCA revealed significant correlations of the relative abundance of gut microbial phyla with sedentary lifestyle and certain metabolic markers. Univariate analysis revealed that Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with HDL-C and negatively correlated with body weight and screen time. Additionally, Actinobacteria was also negatively associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. Lactobacillus showed positive correlation with acanthosis nigricans and adiposity. Cooccurrence analysis revealed 90 significant bacterial copresence and mutual exclusion interactions among 43 genera in obese children, whereas only 2 significant cooccurrences were found in nonobese children. Conclusions. The composition and diversity of gut microbiota in obese Thai children were different from those of their normal-weight peers. Specific gut microbiota were associated with lifestyle, adiposity, and metabolic features in obese children. An interventional study is needed to support causality between specific gut microbiota and obesity.
Intelligence Classification Algorithm-Based Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis Computed Tomography Imaging Features and Influencing Factors
Authors: Jiang Yanping , Zhao Xinguo , Fan Zhengfei
Published: May 2022

The drug resistance and influencing factors of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were investigated, and a dual attention dilated residual network (DADRN) algorithm was proposed. The algorithm was applied to process and analyze lung computed tomography (CT) images of 400 included patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Besides, sparse code book algorithm and bag of visual word (BOVW) algorithms were introduced and compared, and the influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis drug resistance were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the localization precision of lung consolidation, nodules, and cavities by the DADRN algorithm reached 91.2%, 92.5%, and 93.8%, respectively. The recall rate of the three algorithms amounted to 83.55%, 84.5%, and 86.4%, respectively. Both localization precision and recall rate of the DADRN algorithm were higher than those of other two algorithms (P<0.05). The drug resistance rate of streptomycin, isoniazid, and rifampin of the patients aged between 40 and 59 was all higher than those of the patients in other age groups. The drug resistance rate of streptomycin, isoniazid, and rifampin of retreated patients was all higher than those of patients initially treated. The drug resistance rate of streptomycin, isoniazid, and rifampin of the patients with tuberculosis contact was all higher than those of the patients without tuberculosis contact (P<0.05). Based on the above results, the accuracy of CT images processed by dual attention-based dilated residual classification network algorithm was higher than that processed by other two algorithms. Age, medical history, and history of exposure to tuberculosis were the influencing factors of the drug resistance of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Daily Exercise Patterns and Their Differences between Parkinson’s Disease Patients with and without Postural Instability
Authors: Song Joomee , Mun Jun Kyu , Ahn Jong Hyeon , Youn Jinyoung , Choi Inyoung , Cho Jin Whan
Published: May 2022

Background. Due to the clinical impact of exercise in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), management should include personalized and effective exercises according to patient’s PD stage. We investigated the detailed exercise behaviors of patients with mild to advanced PD and compared their patterns between PD with and without postural instability (PI). Methods. We enrolled PD patients from September to December 2019. Clinical data on parkinsonism, exercise behaviors, and Physical Activity Scale of the Elderly (PASE) scores were collected and compared between mild PD without PI (Hoehn–Yahr (HY) stages 1 and 2) and advanced PD with PI (HY stages 3 and 4). Results. In total, 263 PD patients were recruited. The mean exercise frequency was 4.7 ± 2.1 times/week, and the average duration was 7.8 ± 6.7 hours/week. The most common exercise was an aerobic exercise (71.9%) of mild-to-moderate intensity, with active walking being the most common (49.0%). The mild PD patients demonstrated a higher duration and intensity of exercise and more physical activity than the advanced PD patients. However, the frequency of exercise was not significantly different between the two groups. The PASE score was significantly higher in mild PD patients than in advanced PD patients (

p
<
0.001

). Conclusion. PD patients focused mostly on aerobic exercises, especially active walking. With the disease progression, the amount and intensity of exercise decreased while frequency remained. Higher intensity of exercise is needed in the mild PD group, while the advanced PD group requires the increment of duration for each exercise session.
Photoactivation of Curcumin Doped Poly-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid Nanoparticles in Rat Model with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances
Authors: Ghorbanpour Sara , Pourhajibagher Maryam , Noroozian Mohammad , Ghaffari Hassanali , Bahador Abbas
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of curcumin doped poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (Cur-PLGA-Nps)-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), as well as the probiotics on S. mutans in rats with fixed orthodontic appliances. Orthodontic appliances were ligated to the right maxillary of the rats. After the oral colonization of S. mutans, the rats were then treated in four groups including Cur-PLGA-Nps, light-emitting diode, Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT, and probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus). After that, the S. mutans counts and the gtfB gene expression of S. mutans were determined on days 4, 7, 15, and 30. Probiotic and Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT groups significantly reduced the count of S. mutans in a time-dependent manner (

P
<
0.05

). So, probiotics and Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT were able to reduce S. mutans more than other groups on the 30th day. Also, there was no considerable difference between Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT and probiotic groups in bacterial growth inhibition. The expression level of gtfB gene was significantly downregulated at all-time intervals after exposure to Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT compared with untreated bacteria (

P
<
0.05

). According to the results, simultaneous use of Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT and probiotic therapeutic approaches can be suggested to increase effectiveness.
Enhancing Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks’ Dynamic Behavior by Integrating Game Theory and Machine Learning Techniques for Reliable and Stable Routing
Authors: Phull Nitika , Singh Parminder , Shabaz Mohammad , Sammy F.
Published: May 2022

VANETs (vehicular ad hoc networks) have evolved as a platform for enabling intelligent inter-vehicle communication while also improving traffic safety and performance. VANETs are a difficult research topic because of the road dynamics, high mobility of cars, their unlimited power supply, and the growth of roadside wireless infrastructures. In wireless networks, game theory approaches have been widely used to investigate the interactions between competitive and cooperative behavior. In this research, we propose a technique for vehicular ad hoc networks that uses a game theory approach to automate vehicle grouping and cluster head nomination. This will eliminate the need for cluster reformation on a regular basis. Furthermore, each vehicle’s social behavior will be exploited to establish clusters in the vehicular environment. For the development of clusters on the social behavior of the cars, a machine learning approach (K-means algorithm) is applied. The proposed system is tested against a variety of characteristics, including CH life time, average cluster member life time, average number of reaffiliation times, throughput, and packet loss rate, and the results indicate that the VANET performed very well with high accuracy in validation and testing, and overall in the range of 0.97 to 0.99.
Computational Technologies in Internet of Things and Big Data Technology for Physical Exercise Rehabilitation System
Authors: Zhao Nana , Yan Yinzhong , Han Xiao , Zhang Gaofei , Chen Long
Published: May 2022

Traditional exercise rehabilitation mode information is closed, it is difficult for users to obtain exercise rehabilitation information, and the exercise rehabilitation data of users are not fully utilized. With the combination of big data technology and the Internet of Things and exercise rehabilitation, we also face the problem of processing massive amounts of data. Whether these data can be used well has become the key to obtaining good business benefits and improving user experience. This paper applies the Internet of Things and big data technology to the physical exercise rehabilitation system to improve sports data processing and combine with the big data processing technology to explore the factors affecting exercise rehabilitation to improve the effectiveness of physical exercise rehabilitation. Moreover, this paper proposes a posture recognition algorithm based on human vision and defines the human posture described by the feature, which improves the classifier’s ability to classify different posture data. Finally, this paper carries out experimental analysis to verify the effect of the method proposed. The research results show that the method constructed in this paper has a good physical exercise rehabilitation effect.
Mechanisms of Stress Alleviation after Lime and Biochar Applications for Brassica napus L. in Cadmium-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Lei Ming , Li Zhuoqing , Zhang Beibei , Wang Xinqi , Tie Boqing , Ayaz Tehreem , Lu Xia
Published: May 2022

Lime and biochar amendments are widely used to immobilize cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils and to ensure food security. However, the effects of these two soil amendments on the mechanisms of Cd stress alleviation in crops are unclear. Therefore, the effects of lime and biochar applications on Cd uptake, transport, subcellular distribution, antioxidant system, N metabolism, and related factors were examined in a soil- Brassica napus L. ( B. napus) system. We found that lime application significantly increased the root Cd content by 41.5% but decreased Cd TF and shoot Cd by 81.0% and 74.3%, respectively, whereas biochar amendment decreased root and shoot Cd contents by 67.6% and 34.3%, respectively, but increased Cd TF by 104.1%. Lime treatment immobilized Cd in the cell wall of the root to reduce Cd transport, but biochar treatment increased the soluble fraction of Cd in root cells to improve the migration capacity of Cd. The significant negative relationship between the soil exchangeable Cd and Ca and the positive relationships between Cd and Ca both in shoot and root indicated that the Ca mediated Cd transport from soil to B. napus after lime and biochar applications. Additionally, lime amendment increased Cd proportion in the root cell walls to immobilize Cd, but biochar amendment increased Cd proportion in the soluble fraction to enhance Cd migration. Furthermore, biochar application significantly increased SOD, CAT, and POD by 17.5%, 95.4%, and 26.6%, whereas lime amendment only significantly enhanced CAT by 51.0%. Besides, both of biochar and lime applications increased shoot N content and GDH activity, but only the shoot NO3 - content and nitrate reductase under biochar treatment were significantly altered. Overall, these findings suggested that lime is more efficient in reducing the transport of Cd from underground to aboveground and in improving Cd tolerance, whereas biochar tends to improve the antioxidant capacity and facilitate N metabolism. These results will provide significant strategies for selecting appropriate amendments to ensure the crops safety.
Role of Aromatherapy as a Natural Complementary and Alternative Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: AlMohammed Hamdan I , A Alanazi Nada , Maghrabi Esraa Fahad , A Alotaibi Manar
Published: May 2022

Background. The purpose of this study was a comprehensive review of studies on the effect of aromatherapy with plant essential oils on the improvement of some conditions, for example, anxiety, stress, sleep quality, fatigue, and pain in people with cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods. We carried out this systematic review based on the instructions of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Ethical agreement was not necessary as main data have not been collected. During March 2022, we searched the main English databases, for example, Google Scholar, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed/MEDLINE, with limitation to human clinical trials. For this study, no time limit was applied for the publication of articles. Results. Out of 1380 papers, 52 papers up to March 2022 were eligible for review in this systematic review. Based on the obtained results, the most widely used medicinal plants for aromatherapy in patients with cardiovascular diseases were Lavandula angustifolia (lavender, 55.7%), Rosa damascena (Damask rose, 11.5%), and Mentha piperita (peppermint, 5.8%), respectively. Most studies have been performed on the effect of aromatherapy on coronary angiography (21 papers, 40.4%), followed by artery bypass graft surgery (14 studies, 26.9%), and cardiac patients (5 studies, 9.6%). Most studies on the effect of aromatherapy in cardiovascular diseases were performed on anxiety (31 papers, 59.6%), sleep quality (8 studies, 15.4%), and hemodynamic parameters (6 studies, 11.5%), respectively. Conclusion. This study systematically reviewed the effects of aromatherapy in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The review of studies showed that lavender, Damask rose, and peppermint are the most frequents plants used for aromatherapy, whereas they significantly improved some illnesses and conditions, especially anxiety and sleep quality. Therefore, it can be concluded that cardiologist can used aromatherapy as a natural complementary and alternative therapy particularly with lavender, Damask rose, and peppermint to improve quality of life and some conditions such as anxiety and sleep quality.
Functional Potential and Chemical Profile Analysis of Propolis Oil Extracted from Propolis of Balochistan
Authors: Aziz Saliha , Akbar Ali , Gul Zareen , Sadiq Muhammad Bilal , Achakzai Jahangir Khan , Khan Nazir Ahmad , Samad Abdul , Rehman Zia Ur , Ali Imran
Published: May 2022

Propolis oil (PO) was examined for chemical composition, phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were 2.388 ± 1.116 mg GAE/g and 0.579 ± 0.140 mg QE/g. Oil showed 64.59 ± 14.59% inhibition of DPPH radical and significant antibacterial activities against target bacteria. Salmonella typhi was found to be highly sensitive (27.23 ± 4.35 mm) to PO, compared to Escherichia coli (23.40 ± 3.21), Staphylococcus aureus (21.43 ± 2.80), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.26 ± 3.25). The MIC and MBS values of PO were 0.35 and 0.7 mg/mL for S. typhi and E. coli, whereas they were 0.7 and 1.4 mg/mL for S. aureus. Moreover, the PO was found to be bacteriostatic for K. pneumoniae. Aspergillus flavus was found to be highly sensitive to PO, with an effective growth inhibition percentage of 73%, followed by Aspergillus niger (70%), whereas Aspergillus parasiticus was less sensitive with 25% growth inhibition. Functional groups in PO were determined with an FTIR spectrophotometer, and alcohol, alkane, aldehydes, alkenes, and ketones groups were found to be present, whereas GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 27 different medicinal compounds, among which α-copanene (29.85%), benzyl benzoate (26.8%), 2,4-bis[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isopropyl]phenol, acetophenone (14.92%), undecylenic aldehyde (7.46%), p-linalool (5.9%), and ethyl 3-phenylpropionate (4.47%) were found in abundance.
Cyber-Security and Social Media Risks Assessment by Using the Novel Concepts of Complex Cubic T-Spherical Fuzzy Information
Authors: Akram Bushra , Jan Naeem , Nasir Abdul , Alabrah Amerah , Alhilal Mohsin S. , Al-Aidroos Naziha
Published: May 2022

Over the past 20 years, the emergence of social media and its developments have rapidly changed communication and information technology. Social media plays a necessary part in accessing information and communication. In spite of its many advantages, users have also been facing many threats on social media platforms. This research aims to analyze and resolve these threats by using the new concepts of complex cubic T spherical fuzzy sets (CCuTSFS) that have a broad structure including degrees of membership, neutral-membership, and non-membership. It does a better job of modeling uncertainty than any other preexisting structure. Furthermore, we defined the concepts of the Cartesian product (CP) between CCuTSFSs, complex cubic T spherical fuzzy relation (CCuTSFR) and the types of CCuTSFRs with appropriate examples. This study looked at the relationship between different types of security and threats on social media for the first time in fuzzy set theory. The proposed methods demonstrate how to control the effects of threats by using valid security methods. Finally, the benefits of the presented strategies are explained in the comparative study.
Mathematically Processed UV Spectroscopic Method for Quantification of Chlorthalidone and Azelnidipine in Bulk and Formulation: Evaluation of Greenness and Whiteness
Authors: Attimarad Mahesh , Chohan Muhammad Shahzad , Katharigatta Narayanaswamy Venugopala , Nair Anroop Balachandran , Sreeharsha N. , Shafi Sheeba , David Marysheela , Balgoname Abdulmalek Ahmed , Altaysan Abdulrahman Ibrahim , Molina Efren II Plaza , Deb Pran Kishore
Published: May 2022

A simple, eco-friendly four analytical methods were established by improving the selectivity through the application of mathematical processing of UV absorption spectra for concurrent quantification of chlorthalidone (CTL) and azelnidipine (AZE). The UV absorption spectra were recorded using environment-friendly ethanol (10% v/v) and were mathematically processed using simple software provided with a UV spectrophotometer. The analytes’ peak amplitude was determined using zero-crossing point first derivative spectra and ratio first derivative spectra of CTL and AZE, which were measured at 238.5 nm and 239.5 nm for CTL and 272.1 nm and 342.1 nm for AZE, respectively. The peak amplitude difference was determined from the ratio spectra of CTL and AZE by measuring the peak amplitudes at 211.8 and 267.2 nm for CTL and 328.4 and 286.1 nm for AZE. Further, ratio spectra of CTL and AZE were converted into zero-order spectra by subtracting the constant followed by multiplication with divisor spectra, and the peak amplitudes were measured at 226.9 nm and 257.3 nm for CTL and AZE zero-order spectra, respectively. Further, validation results of all the four methods confirmed the accuracy and precision of the methods by displaying good recovery (98.37–100.34%) and percentage relative standard deviation (0.397–1.758%), respectively. Good linearity was observed in the range of 1–15 μg/mL for both analytes with less than a 1 μg/mL limit of quantification. Further, the greenness and whiteness of the methods were evaluated by recently proposed AGREEness, complexGAPI, and white analytical chemistry techniques. The proposed UV spectroscopic methods were environmentally friendly, safe, economic, and effective, hence, could be used for regular quality control study of a formulation containing CTL and AZE.
Topological Indices of Novel Drugs Used in Diabetes Treatment and Their QSPR Modeling
Authors: Parveen Saima , Hassan Awan Nadeem Ul , Mohammed Mogtaba , Farooq Fozia Bashir , Iqbal Nisha
Published: May 2022

A topological index is a real number obtained from the chemical graph structure. It is helpful to calculate the physicochemical and biological properties of numerous drugs. This is done through degree‐based topological indices. In this paper, acarbose, tolazamide, miglitol, prandin, metformin, and so on used to treat diabetes are discussed, and the purpose of the QSPR study is to determine the mathematical relation between the properties under investigation (e.g., boiling point and flash point) and different descriptors related to the molecular structure of the drugs. In this study, it is observed that topological indices (TIs) applied to said drugs have a good correlation with physicochemical properties in this course.
Research on Food Security Risk Assessment and Early Warning in China Based on BP Neural Network Model
Authors: Hou Yuke , Liang Xin
Published: May 2022

China has always attached great importance to food security issues; especially in today’s changeable world, it is particularly important to build a feasible and accurate food security early warning system. According to the influencing factors in food security, this paper uses the PCA method and the AHP method to construct a food security early warning index system that includes 4 secondary indicators and 13 tertiary indicators of total security, trade security, ecological security, and food security. There are four security levels of no warning, light warning, moderate warning, and heavy warning, and finally the comprehensive evaluation of food security from 2000 to 2019 and the specific early warning levels of various indicators are obtained. This paper constructs a food security evaluation system from the perspective of data, breaks through the limitations of existing research, and improves the completeness of food security early warning indicators. Because the BP neural network is a multilayer feedforward neural network with strong adaptability, it is one of the most widely used and successful neural network models at present. Finally, BP neural network is used to simulate China’s food security early warning system and design standardized risk prevention and control processes and classified response strategies—routine monitoring, risk control, and emergency response—to provide signal guidance and reference for China’s food security to respond to risks early.
Prophylactic Zinc Administration Combined with Swimming Exercise Prevents Cognitive-Emotional Disturbances and Tissue Injury following a Transient Hypoxic-Ischemic Insult in the Rat
Authors: Aguilar-Peralta Ana-Karina , Gonzalez-Vazquez Alejandro , Tomas-Sanchez Constantino , Blanco-Alvarez Victor-Manuel , Martinez-Fong Daniel , Gonzalez-Barrios Juan-Antonio , Limon Ilhuicamina Daniel , Millán-Perez Peña Lourdes , Flores Gonzalo , Soto-Rodriguez Guadalupe , Brambila Eduardo , Cebada Jorge , Vargas-Castro Viridiana , Leon-Chavez Bertha Alicia
Published: May 2022

Exercise performance and zinc administration individually yield a protective effect on various neurodegenerative models, including ischemic brain injury. Therefore, this work was aimed at evaluating the combined effect of subacute prophylactic zinc administration and swimming exercise in a transient cerebral ischemia model. The prophylactic zinc administration (2.5 mg/kg of body weight) was provided every 24 h for four days before a 30 min common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO), and 24 h after reperfusion, the rats were subjected to swimming exercise in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Learning was evaluated daily for five days, and memory on day 12 postreperfusion; anxiety or depression-like behavior was measured by the elevated plus maze and the motor activity by open-field test. Nitrites, lipid peroxidation, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were assessed in the temporoparietal cortex and hippocampus. The three nitric oxide (NO) synthase isoforms, chemokines, and their receptor levels were measured by ELISA. Nissl staining evaluated hippocampus cytoarchitecture and Iba-1 immunohistochemistry activated the microglia. Swimming exercise alone could not prevent ischemic damage but, combined with prophylactic zinc administration, reversed the cognitive deficit, decreased NOS and chemokine levels, prevented tissue damage, and increased Iba-1 (+) cell number. These results suggest that the subacute prophylactic zinc administration combined with swimming exercise, but not the individual treatment, prevents the ischemic damage on day 12 postreperfusion in the transient ischemia model.
Heat Shock Protein 27 Levels Predict Myocardial Inhomogeneities in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Jaroszyński Andrzej , Schlegel Todd T. , Mosiewicz Jerzy , Stępień Renata , Dąbrowski Wojciech
Published: May 2022

Background. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the single major cause of death in hemodialysis (HD) patients. QRS-T angle is an established marker of global repolarization heterogeneity associated with electrical instability and SCD. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) plays an important, protective role against noxious factors in the cardiovascular (CV) system. This study is aimed at assessing whether low HSP27 is associated with myocardial inhomogeneities in HD patients, as expressed by increases in the spatial QRS-T angle. Methods. Clinical data and biochemical, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic parameters were evaluated in 182 HD patients. Patients were split into normal and abnormal QRS-T angle groups. Results. Patients with abnormally high QRS-T angles were older and had higher prevalence of diabetes as well as myocardial infarction, higher left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and C-reactive protein, worse oxidant/antioxidant status, and lower ejection fraction and HSP27. Multiple regression analysis revealed that abnormal QRS-T values were independently, negatively associated with serum HSP27 and positively associated with LVMI. Conclusions. Low HSP27 levels are associated with increased heterogeneity of myocardial action potential, as expressed by increased spatial QRS-T angle.
Energy Plasma Graphite Wastewater Treatment System Based on Internet of Things Platform
Authors: Zhang Haobo , Song Chunlian , Li Jinmao
Published: May 2022

If graphite plasma wastewater cannot be properly treated, it may cause serious pollution to the natural environment. In this paper, the conditions of wastewater degradation by high-voltage pulse discharge are optimized. On this basis, it is proposed to improve the discharge power supply and reactor to effectively strengthen the discharge and improve the degradation rate of organic matter. The wastewater is degraded by high-voltage pulse discharge and coagulation Fenton oxidation. The specific degradation effect is as follows: when the initial pH of aeration is about 10.00 mm and the initial pH of aeration is about 80 mm/L, the specific degradation effect of wastewater is about 1.00-200 mm. The degradation rate of chemical oxygen demand in 120 min can reach 49.84%. The graphite plasma wastewater treatment system designed based on the Internet of things platform has made a great contribution to the balance between industrial production and natural environment in China.
Exosomes Derived from SW480-Resistant Colon Cancer Cells Are Promote Angiogenesis via BMP-2/Smad5 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Song , Yao Lei , Wang Xiaolong , Sun Hao , Du Chaogang , Song Chengpeng , Fu Jingyu , Wu Yongjun , Huang Hongwu , Wang Chuansi , Wang Yongsen , Xie Yixiang
Published: May 2022

Background. Multidrug resistance is the main cause of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the mechanism and treatment of drug resistance of tumor cells. We aim to investigate the relationship between drug resistance and angiogenesis in SW480 colon cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanism. Methods. Exosomes were extracted from SW480-sensitive or SW480-resistant colon cancer cells (SW480/oxaliplatin). The CCK-8 assay, migration assay, tube formation assay, qPCR, and Western blotting were performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The underlying mechanisms were detected by Western blotting assays and BMP-2 si-RNA silencing assay in vitro and in vivo. Results. The conditioned medium and exosomes of SW480/oxaliplatin cells promoted proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs. The expression of BMP-2 released by SW480/oxaliplatin exosomes was 2.3-folds higher than that by SW480 exosomes. Additionally, exosomal BMP-2 inhibiting the Smad signaling pathway induced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and CD31. Silencing of BMP-2 partly blocks the promoting effect of SW480/oxaliplatin exosomes on angiogenesis. Moreover, SW480/oxaliplatin cells increased the BMP-2 expression, consequently promoting angiogenesis in vivo. Conclusions. SW480-resistant colon cancer exosomes promoted angiogenesis via the BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway, which is potential for the novel treatment for antiangiogenic therapies in colon cancer.
Spatially Formulated Connected Automated Vehicle Trajectory Optimization with Infrastructure Assistance
Authors: Yi Ran , Zhou Yang , Wang Xin , Liu Zhiyuan , Li Xiaotian , Ran Bin
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a constrained connected automated vehicles (CAVs) trajectory optimization method on curved roads with infrastructure assistance. Specifically, this paper systematically formulates trajectory optimization problems in a spatial domain and a curvilinear coordinate. As an alternative of temporal domain and Cartesian coordinate formulation, our formulation provides the constrained trajectory optimization flexibility to describe complex road geometries, traffic regulations, and road obstacles, which are usually spatially varying rather than temporal varying, with assistances vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication. Based on the formulation, we first conducted a mathematical proof on the controllability of our system, to show that our system can be controlled in the spatial domain and curvilinear coordinate. Further, a multiobjective model predictive control (MPC) approach is designed to optimize the trajectories in a rolling horizon fashion and satisfy the collision avoidances, traffic regulations, and vehicle kinematics constraints simultaneously. To verify the control efficiency of our method, multiscenario numerical simulations are conducted. Suggested by the results, our proposed method can provide smooth vehicular trajectories, avoid road obstacles, and simultaneously follow traffic regulations in different scenarios. Moreover, our method is robust to the spatial change of road geometries and other potential disturbances by the road curvature, work zone, and speed limit change.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Double Controlled Metric Spaces and Related Results
Authors: Farheen Misbah , Ahmed Khalil , Javed Khalil , Parvaneh Vahid , Din Fahim Ud , Ishtiaq Umar
Published: May 2022

In this article, we introduce the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy double controlled metric spaces that generalizes the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy b-metric spaces. For this purpose, two noncomparable functions are used in triangle inequalities. We generalize the concepts of the Banach contraction principle and fuzzy contractive mappings by giving authentic proof of these mappings in the sense of intuitionistic fuzzy double controlled metric spaces. To validate the superiority of these results, examples are imparted. A possible application to solving integral equations is also set forth towards the end of this work to support the proposed results.
Systematic Mode Construction of Mixed Teaching from the Perspective of Deep Learning
Authors: Zhao Danni
Published: May 2022

Deep learning will be one of the key technologies to promote learning in the next five years. With the rapid advancement of the information era, significant changes in students’ learning and thinking patterns have occurred. How to further encourage the development of students’ professional skills and innovative capacity has become the focus of society under the influence of the notion of deep learning. With the application of information technology in education, blended learning, as the only key trend mentioned in the new media alliance report for five consecutive years, has injected fresh vitality into the reform of traditional classrooms and laid a foundation for better promoting in-depth learning. Therefore, how to effectively use blended learning to change these phenomena has become an urgent problem to be solved. The goal of this research is to encourage pupils to learn in depth. This study specifies the design idea of a hybrid teaching mode supported by an information environment based on the promotion of high-order thinking capacity. Firstly, this study uses the literature research method to sort out the relevant literature on deep learning and hybrid teaching, which provides a theoretical basis for the later construction. Second, a questionnaire is utilized to assess the existing state of in-depth learning as well as the need for blended teaching. The mixed teaching mode has effectively promoted the development of students’ high-level thinking abilities such as autonomous learning, problem-solving, and application innovation; played a positive role in cultivating students’ in-depth learning; and finally won the unanimous recognition of students.