bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Distinct Feature Groups in the Credit Scoring Problem
Authors: V. Vercosa Luiz F. , Lira Rodrigo C. , P. Monteiro Rodrigo , D. M. Silva Kleber , O. L. Magalhaes Jailson , M. A. Maciel Alexandre , L. D. Bezerra Byron , A. Bastos-Filho Carmelo J.
Published: August 2021

Registration and financial data have been traditionally used for the credit scoring problem. However,slight improvements in the reliability of the scores positively impacts financial companies. Therefore, exploring newfeatures is a strategic task. This work analyzes the importance of new feature groups not commonly employed forthe credit scoring task and others already used. We categorized features from open credit scoring datasets, suchas German and Australian and compared their groups with the ones of a company dataset used in this work. Ourdataset contains unusual feature groups, such as historical, geolocation, web behavior, and demographic data. In ouranalyzes, we first conducted bivariate tests with each feature-pair to assess their individual importance. Secondly, weran XGBoost machine learning model with each feature group to evaluate each group importance. We also appliedfeature selection with binary Particle Swarm Optimization to assess the groups importance when combined. Next, weemployed correlation tests to find inner and inter-correlation among the features groups. Finally, we used the companydataset and employed AdaBoost, Multilayer Perceptron, and XGBoost algorithms to find the best model for the task.Some of our main findings were that the unusual features added a slight improvement to registration features. We alsodetected reasonable inner correlation among some feature groups and found that all groups were relevant for the taskwith the Historical Group as the most promising. Lastly, XGBoost obtained the best performance over AdaBoost andMultilayer-perceptron for the task.
Europarechtliche Grenzen für den Wiederaufbaufonds
Authors: Heber Caroline
Published: August 2021

Der europäische Wiederaufbaufonds ist die europäische Antwort zur Abwendung der wirtschaftlichen Krise in Europa infolge der Covid-19 Pandemie. Grundlage für den Wiederaufbaufonds bildet der neue Eigenmittelbeschluss, der die Union dazu ermächtigen soll, 750 Milliarden Euro an den Kapitalmärkten aufzunehmen. Dieses Geld soll dazu eingesetzt werden, die Wirtschaft in den Mitgliedstaaten anzukurbeln. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, dass der Eigenmittelbeschluss die Union nicht dazu ermächtigen kann, Kredite aufzunehmen. Hierfür braucht es vielmehr eine Änderung der europäischen Verträge - alles andere läuft auf ein kompetenzwidriges Handeln der Union hinaus.
Fusion Oncoproteins in Childhood Cancers: Potential Role in Targeted Therapy
Authors: Angione Sara D. A. , Akalu Alemayehu Y. , Gartrell Jessica , Fletcher Elimika Pfuma , Burckart Gilbert J. , Reaman Gregory H. , Leong Ruby , Stewart Clinton F.
Published: August 2021

Cancer remains the leading cause of death from disease in children. Historically, in contrast to their adult counterparts, the causes of pediatric malignancies have remained largely unknown, with most pediatric cancers displaying low mutational burdens. Research related to molecular genetics in pediatric cancers is advancing our understanding of potential drivers of tumorigenesis and opening new opportunities for targeted therapies. One such area is fusion oncoproteins, which are a product of chromosomal rearrangements resulting in the fusion of different genes. They have been identified as oncogenic drivers in several sarcomas and leukemias. Continued advancement in the understanding of the biology of fusion oncoproteins will contribute to the discovery and development of new therapies for childhood cancers. Here we review the current scientific knowledge on fusion oncoproteins, focusing on pediatric sarcomas and hematologic cancers, and highlight the challenges and current efforts in developing drugs to target fusion oncoproteins.
Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP): A Review of Risk Factors and Possible Interventions in Children
Authors: Wicker Emily , Cole Justin W.
Published: August 2021

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a serious and devastating, yet poorly understood outcome in epilepsy. This review discusses the current knowledge and understanding of SUDEP in children and adolescents. Established risk factors for SUDEP include history of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and nocturnal seizures. Other proposed risk factors include the use of multiple antiseizure medications and poor medication adherence. Possible prevention strategies for SUDEP include improved medication adherence, surgical interventions, nighttime safety, seizure detection devices, and diet. Pediatric providers have a great opportunity to educate families about SUDEP, assess medication adherence, and provide families with tools to improve medication adherence and learn about SUDEP in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Future research in SUDEP aims to further understand the etiology and risk factors of SUDEP, while developing more intervention strategies to prevent SUDEP.
Sedentary Behaviors, Sleep, and Health-related Quality of Life in Middle-aged Adults
Authors: Chen Yen T. , Holahan Carole K. , Castelli Darla M.
Published: August 2021

Objectives: In this study, we examined the associations of various sedentary behaviors (SB) to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the possible mediating role of sleep quality in these relationships. Methods: Participants were 363 middle-aged adults (Mage
= 44.25, SD = 4.72, 64% male) from Amazon MTurk. Self-reported measures of socio-demographic status, time spent doing 10 different types of SB, sleep quality, and HRQOL were collected. Exploratory factor analysis was used to classify SB. Mediation analysis with PROCESS for SPPS examined the
mediational paths. Results: Exploratory factor analysis categorized 10 sedentary activities into Common Engaging SB, High Engaging/Leisure SB, and Less Engaging/Passive SB. Findings suggested that Common Engaging SB was negatively associated with HRQOL, whereas High Engaging/Leisure
SB was positively related to HRQOL. Sleep quality appeared to mediate the associations of Common Engaging SB and High Engaging/Leisure SB to HRQOL. Conclusions: Reducing sitting time, particularly Common Engaging SB, could be a useful strategy to improve HRQOL. Health promotion
programs should support mentally engaging leisure activities because such activities might increase middle-aged adults' HRQOL. Additionally, health promotion programs are needed to raise public awareness regarding the importance of sleep quality.
Ability to Purchase Tobacco Products and Smoking Behavior of Cigarettes, E-cigarettes, and Heated Tobacco Products in Korean Adolescents
Authors: Han Mi Ah
Published: August 2021

Objectives: This study investigated the smoking behavior and its association with the availability of tobacco products purchases among Korean adolescents. Methods: The data of the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey were used (N =57,303). This study assessed
3 tobacco products: cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products. Smoking behavior including lifetime, current, daily, heavy smoking, and attempting to quit and its association with the availability of tobacco products for purchase was assessed. Results: Overall, 92.9%
did not try to purchase tobacco products during the past 30 days, 2.2% found it impossible to purchase, 0.8% could buy with a lot of effort, 1.7% could buy with little effort, and 2.3% could buy easily without any effort. Lifetime smokers were 13.8% (12.7% for cigarettes, 7.4% for e-cigarettes,
and 4.9% for heated tobacco products). Among lifetime smokers, the current smoking rates for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products were 48.5%, 22.9%, and 19.0%, and the rates were lower in adolescents who responded that it was impossible to buy tobacco products. Among current
smokers, the daily smoking rates were lower in adolescents who were found it impossible to buy tobacco products. Conclusions: The ease of access to tobacco products was associated with higher use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products and lower attempts to
quit smoking in Korean adolescents.
American Muslim Adolescent Daughters' Perception of Maternal Relationships and the Influence on their Health Behaviors: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Al-Jayyousi Ghadir Fakhri , Myers-Bowman Karen S. , Al-Salim Farid
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The goal of this qualitative research study was to better understand of how the mother-daughter relationship shaped by different ecologies in a Muslim community in the United States (US) influences their daughters' health behaviors. Methods: Using a
criterion sampling strategy, 11 immigrant Muslim mothers and their American Muslim adolescent daughters aged 12-18 years who were born and also raised in the US were recruited (N=22) and interviewed. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed following phenomenological research
methods. Results: Mothers in this sample explained that to share their health values with their daughters, they needed to be close, supportive, open-minded, and good listeners to them. The results revealed that daughters who perceived that their mothers' values were shaped by
3 factors – religion, culture of origin, and acculturation were more likely to follow healthy behaviors. Conclusion: The findings and the conceptual model will help explain how these maternal factors can work together to shape American Muslim adolescent daughters' health
behaviors.
Una revisión sistemática acerca del reconocimiento facial de las emociones en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: una perspectiva evolutiva y de género
Authors: Fernández Ríos Mercedes , Redolat Rosa , Serra Emilia , González-Alcaide Gregorio
Published: August 2021

La correcta identificación de las emociones básicas (alegría, miedo, asco, tristeza, sorpresa e ira) desempeñan un importante papel en las relaciones sociales y conductas ligadas a la propia supervivencia. En la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) la capacidad de reconocimiento emocional podría estar ya alterada en fases iniciales. Por ello, el objetivo principal del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura acerca del reconocimiento facial en personas con EA, identificando posibles variables moduladoras. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Web of Science y PsycINFO. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión-exclusión se seleccionaron un total de 28 artículos. Las imágenes estáticas fueron los estímulos más utilizados para evaluar el reconocimiento de las emociones básicas, especialmente las fotografías desarrolladas por Paul Ekman y colaboradores. Los resultados de la revisión indican que en las personas con EA generalmente muestran déficit del reconocimiento emocional aunque los datos no son concluyentes, lo que podría estar relacionado con la diversidad de metodologías aplicadas. En relación con las variables evaluadas (sexo y edad) se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de futuras investigaciones que estudien de forma sistemática cómo estos factores pueden modular el reconocimiento emocional en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer.

The correct identification of basic emotions (joy, fear, disgust, sadness, surprise and anger) plays an important role in social relationships and behaviors linked to one´s survival. In Alzheimer´s disease (AD) the ability to recognize emotions may already be impaired at early stages of the disease. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to carry out a systematic review of the literature on facial emotional recognition in people with AD, identifying possible modulating variables. A search in the Web of Science and PsycInfo databases was carried out. After applying the inclusion-exclusion criteria, a total of 28 articles were selected. Static images were the most used stimuli to evaluate the recognition of basic emotions, especially the photographs developed by Paul Ekman and collaborators. Results of the present review indicate the people with AD generally display deficits in emotional recognition although the data are not conclusive, which could be related to the diversity of methodologies applied. In relation to the variables evaluated (sex and age) the need of further research in order to study how these factors could modulate emotional recognition in patients with Alzheimer´s disease is highlighted.
Explorando habilidades requeridas para la industria 4.0: Un enfoque orientado al trabajador
Authors: Peña-Jimenez Marco , Battistelli Adalgisa , Odoardi Carlo , Antino Mirko
Published: August 2021

Tecnologías emergentes están dando forma al mundo del trabajo, creando así una industria cada vez más digital, también conocida como "Industria 4.0". Por tanto, examinar el requirimiento de habilidades se vuelve esencial para facilitar la adaptación organizacional a esta revolución tecnológica. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la percepción de las habilidades requeridas por los trabajadores de una empresa manufacturera altamente tecnológica. En el Estudio 1 (n = 671), se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio para identificar grupos relevantes de habilidades. Un año después, en el Estudio 2 (n = 176), confirmamos la estructural factorial a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio y realizamos un análisis de curva de crecimiento latente para examinar posibles cambios en las habilidades requeridas debido al confinamiento y el trabajo remoto forzado durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Los resultados mostraron que las habilidades cognitivas, funcionales del negocio, estratégicas y de gestión de personas se consideran recursos importantes para la industria 4.0, siendo las habilidades funcionales del negocio más relevantes en el tiempo 2. Además, identificamos diferencias entre gerentes y subordinados con respecto a tales habilidades. Discutimos las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas para el desarrollo de habilidades en la era digital.

Emerging technologies are shaping the world of work, thus creating an increasingly digital industry, also known as “Industry 4.0”. Thus, examining skill requirements becomes essential to facilitate organizational adaptation to this technological revolution. The aim of this study was to explore the perception of skill requirements of workers of a highly technological manufacturing company. In Study 1 (n = 671), an exploratory factor analysis was carried out to identify relevant groups of skills. A year later, in Study 2 (n = 176), we confirmed the factor structure through a confirmatory factor analysis and we conducted a latent growth curve analysis to examine potential changes of the previous skill requirements due to the lockdown and the forced remote working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings showed that cognitive, functional business, strategic and managing people skills are considered as important resources for the industry 4.0, being the functional business skills increasingly relevant in time 2. Moreover, we identified differences between managers and subordinates regarding such skills. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for skills development in the digital age.
Calling for Compliance. Transnational Advocacy Networks in the Mediterranean Sea. A Case Study on Norm Compliance at Europe’s Liquid Borders
Authors: Lindner Julia
Published: August 2021

The paper observes compliance theories on transnational advocacy networks in the Mediterranean Sea; a multinational border region being widely considered as the “deadliest border” in the world. This situation has led to a measurable “rush to the sea” of organisations which belong to Transnational Advocacy Networks (TAN) or define themselves as “humanitarians”. Part of today’s theory on the impact of transnational advocacy networks is that consistent and continuous engagement of TAN leads to increased norm commitment and even norm compliance in states with strong institutions. However, after the implementation of a system of bilateral treaties (2017 Italy - Libya, 2016 Turkey and European Union (EU))1 by the EU, the number of travellers reaching EU soil has significantly decreased. Additionally, changing political circumstances in Libya and internal policies of EU member states have contributed to lowering the number of arrivals.
Articulating tectonic: From iteration to nexus
Authors: Harahap Mochammad Mirza Yusuf
Published: August 2021

This paper explores the articulation of tectonic as a potential basis for developing and understanding architectural programme in the context of architectural education. The piece delivers a reflective discussion that puts tectonic beyond the art of joining. Instead, tectonic, which informs the way material performs, insinuates a capacity in supporting the students to generate the spatial programme and atmospheric quality for the development of their architecture project. In particular, the study suggests the importance of tectonic articulation in generating the above spatialities. The study investigates such tectonic articulation by reflecting through a second-year design studio project in Universitas Indonesia, which focuses on developing dwellings designs driven by tectonic-based architectural design method. Through reflecting the students' projects this paper put forward three aspects of tectonic articulation, each of which explores the formal iteration, the tectonic-programme relationship, and the tectonic-atmosphere relationship. The study demonstrates contribution in understanding how tectonic is explored throughout the design process, informing multiple stages of design.
COVID-19 and Digital Literacy: Assessing Pre-service Music Teachers’ Views on Piano Lessons Provided in Emergency Remote Teaching
Authors: Omur Ozlem , Sonsel Omer Bilgehan
Published: August 2021

This research aims to examine pre-service music teachers’ views on piano lessons provided in the emergency remote education process during Covid-19 lockdown. The population of the research comprises 82 students studying at the Departments of Music Education at Kastamonu University and Gazi University. The survey model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the research. Research data were collected through a “pre-service teacher feedback form” comprising 19 questions prepared by the researchers and finalized through expert opinions; the data obtained are compiled under relevant tables. The results of the research indicate that majority of the pre-service teachers follow piano courses through their computers, that more than half of the students have the opportunity to play the piano and/or keyboard at home, that they have problems with sound and image synchronization, and that they evaluate the infrastructure of the courses as inadequate. The opinions of the pre-service candidates expressing that they want to pursue their piano education face-to-face after the pandemic ends and that the instrument education they received during emergency remote teaching is not acceptable, which also due to the insufficient level of digital literacy, are also among the results of the research. Pre-service music teachers suggested that piano courses should be held one-on-one and face-to-face, the synchronization problem should be resolved, and the hours for piano courses should be increased. The results of the research presented suggestions regarding the instrument education process and future studies to be conducted on this subject.
Preschool Children’s Drawings: Frequency and Theme Analysis
Authors: Havigerová Jana Marie , Pohnětalová Yveta , Strnadová Kateřina , Kocourková Karolína , Podubecká Dominika
Published: August 2021

The preschool age is called the golden age of drawing; drawing is a “golden” mediator of literacy development. In this article, we focus on the content the preschool children put into their drawings. The goal of study has been the comparison of preschool children’s drawings with respect to the thematic categories of drawn object, and to identify differences between boys and girls. There were analyzed pictures (N=61) drawn by preschool children, from 5 years and 9 months to 6 years and 11 months. Pictures were drawn following the content-neutral (indifferent) instruction: “Draw, what is on your mind now.” The obtained data were subjected to thematic and frequency analysis. Results: data shows that the average number of objects is higher in girls’ drawings: girls drew 4±5 objects on average, while boys drew only 2±2. The number of drawn objects increases with age. Objects drawn could be divided onto 14 thematic categories; most popular are natural objects (sun, mammal, flowers, clouds etc.). The most popular theme in the group of boys are Vehicles, in girls group themes vary more. Practical impact: if we know what children like to draw, we have a strong motivating element for the development of communication literacy, especially writing.
Interactive Learning via Digital Storytelling in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Rajendran Vaishnavi , Md Yunus Melor
Published: August 2021

Web 2.0 based applications are becoming a way of teaching and learning tool. This study takes a systematic review to understand various studies related to digital storytelling (DS) intervention. The research found through Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) from the year 2016 to the year 2020, which included full-text articles and peer review journal articles. This study was conducted based on ten research articles. The results show that the mixed-method research and qualitative research approach were the most famous designs with four research each. The critical findings indicated that DS engages the learners, DS creates a positive learning environment, and DS increased the learner’s motivation and self-confidence. DS could help learners to learn interactively during the Covid- 19 Pandemic. Furthermore, various age groups, methodology and research design are differentiated in the studies.
Split Hand/Foot Malformation with Long Bone Deficiency: A Report of Two Female Siblings
Authors: Al-Shehab Mohammed Ali , Hudna Ahmed Saleh , Thawaba Fahd Naji , Al-Qadasi Farouk Abdulrahman
Published: August 2021

Spilt Hand/Foot Malformation with Long-bone Deficiency (SHFMLD) is a rare heterogeneous group of limb malformations characterised by absence/hypoplasia and/or median cleft of hands and/or feet associated with long bone abnormalities, most frequently tibia. This case report described two sisters with congenital limb defects born to healthy consanguineous parents. The six-year-old girl did not had both radii and the left fibula. There was a cleft in the left hand and the right foot. She had one digit in her right upper limb, but did not have the left foot. The four-year-old girl had short four limbs, bilateral tibial aplasia with single digit in all limbs. Both parents were normal, and no other similar cases was reported in the family. According to the authors' best knowledge, these two cases are the first published cases in Yemen with the SHFMLD, but they need a genetic study to determine their genetic profile.
Vitamin D as a Substitute of Catheter Ablation in a Paediatric Patient with High Burden Premature Ventricular Contractions: A Case Report
Authors: Cismaru Gabriel , Lazea Cecilia , Cainap Simona , Iacob Daniela
Published: August 2021

Catheter ablation is established as a treatment option for patients with high number Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs). However, complications can occur: cardiac tamponade, coronary artery injury or infectious endocarditis. Reversible causes such as hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia and hypokalemia can be responsible for PVCs. Here, a case of nine years old boy, with vitamin D deficiency that presented high number PVCs which corrected using vitamin D dietary supplementation was described. A nine-year-old boy was hospitalised in the Cardiology Department for catheter ablation of PVCs. He presented short of breath during football matches and asthenia. Electrocardiography(ECG) and Holter ECG demonstrated high number PVCs with a morphology consistent of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) origin. Catheter ablation was postponed until Vitamin D came to normal values. Dietary supplementation was performed, together with Holter ECG monitoring. After vitamin D normalisation, PVC burden reduced significantly without the need of catheter ablation or anti-arrhythmic drugs. Catheter ablation and anti-arrhythmic drugs can be avoided in patients with frequent PVCs and vitamin D deficiency.
Effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs1044925 in Acyl-CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase-1 Gene on Plasma Lipid Parameters in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Momoh Johnson Oshiobugie
Published: August 2021

Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) catalyzes the synthesis of cholesteryl esters from cholesterol and fatty acyl-CoA in tissues and the enzyme plays a major role in atherosclerosis and cellular cholesterol homeostasis. The study shows the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism rs1044925 in acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 gene on plasma lipid parameters in patients with ischemic stroke. 100 patients with ischemic stroke and 100 controls matched for sex and aged 46-87 were selected for the study. Lipid profiles were measured using Randox kits and lipoprotein ratios were calculated using Excel software. The genotyping of the acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 rs1044925 SNP were performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) combined with 2% gel electrophoresis. There were significant difference (P<0.05) in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of ACAT-1 rs1044925 SNP between the normolipidemic and patients with ischemic stroke. The frequencies of AC, CC and AA genotypes of the ACAT-1 gene were 33%, 3% and 64% for the control and 57%, 5% and 38%, for the stroke subjects respectively. The frequencies of C and A alleles were 19.50% and 80.50% for the control and 33.50% and 66.50% for the ischemic stroke subjects (P < 0.0001) respectively. The effects of genotypes on plasma lipid profiles and lipoprotein ratios were found for both control and stroke subjects. The A allele carriers of ACAT-1 rs1044925 SNP had lower plasma TG, TC, VLDL-C and other lipid parameters as compared to the C allele carriers for both subjects. The C allele carriers were responsible for the increase in dyslipidemia for both subjects. The results of this study show that the polymorphism of rs1044925 in the ACAT-1 gene as effect on plasma lipid profiles and lipoprotein ratios in ischemic stroke patients.
Development of a Corn Drying System
Authors: Ijah A. A. , Olagunju O. E. , Adamu S. M. , Ozoani H. C. , Rasheed F. M. , Emmanuel J. O. , Ingoroko T. S. , Bolaji O. W. , Olukotun O.
Published: August 2021

Corn as a staple farm produce are usually harvested at a point or time when the moisture content is more than 25% (wet.basis).,and therefore, it is easily attacked by fungi and other diseases causing organism and even physical damage, thereby reducing the market value of the crop.  Drying must be carried out on those products to prevent deterioration. The objectives of this research are to develop a device that can reduce the moisture content of corn using electronic components and equally carryout evaluation on the device.  Shelled corns with initial moisture content of between 25-30% (w.b.) is the major material used in this research work. A Heating element incorporated in the device supplied the needed heat which was delivered to the drying chamber by the help of a centrifugal blower. The drying experiment was carried out at three different temperature thus; 45 oC, 55 oC and 65oC. The moisture content at this varying temperature was used to determine the drying rate and the drying efficiency. The results showed clearly that the dryer air temperature affect the drying rate, the efficiency of drying, and the quality of the material. It is equally clear that the best drying rate and temperature is  65oC average 4,95% / hour, high efficient at drying temperature 55oC and 65oC equal to 86,27% and 83,51%, and best material quality with dryer temperature 55oC.
Outcome of Fracture Distal Femur Treated with Intramedullary Interlocking Nailing
Authors: Silro Ajmal Khan , Keerio Niaz Hussain , Soomro Mohsin Aijaz , Jokhio Muhammad Faraz , Baloch Raheel Akbar , Rehman Najeeb Ur , Noor Syed Shahid
Published: August 2021

Objective: To evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of the distal femur fracture treated with a retrograde locking nail.

Methods: This is a descriptive study conducted at the Orthopedic department Dibba Hospital Fujairah, United Arab Emirates for one-year duration from March 2019 to March 2020. All patients who met the inclusion criteria were treated with femoral retrograde nailing technique. The postoperative functional score was assessed according to Schatzker and Lambert criteria, which were rated excellent, good, and poor. Radiological union was assessed by X-rays.

Results: There were 103 patients with a mean age of 35.20 ± 10.66 (range, 20 to 50 years). There were 78 men (75.72%) and 25 women (24.27%). Most of the fractures (68.9%, n = 71) were caused by car accidents. Fracture of the right side occurred in 70 (67.96%) patients, and the left side fracture in 33 (32.03%) patients. Excellent results were obtained in 75 (72.81%) patients and good results were obtained in 28 patients (28.20%). The nonunion has been documented in one patient.

Conclusion: Excellent and good functional and radiological results were obtained in patients with distal femur treated with retrograde locking nails. For some distal femoral fractures, we recommend the use of a retrograde locking nail.
Trajectory planning and tracking for four‐wheel steering vehicle based on differential flatness and active disturbance rejection controller
Authors: Xia Yuanqing , Lin Min , Zhang Jinhui , Fu Mengyin , Li Chunming , Li Shengfei , Yang Yi
Published: August 2021

To address the difficulties of under‐actuation, nonlinearity, strong coupling, disturbances and measurement noise in four‐wheel steering (4WS) vehicle tracking control, this paper presents an innovative control strategy based on differential flatness and linear active disturbance rejection controller (LADRC). The flatness property of 4WS vehicle is derived from a simplified dynamic model that ignores some complicated dynamics and external disturbances. The impact of these neglected components on the system is treated as part of the total‐disturbance, which is estimated by the observer and compensated by LADRC. Three flatness‐based control schemes, including feedback linearization controller with PID corrective term, traditional LADRC and LADRC with robust generalized proportional integral observer (RGPIO), are designed and investigated in this paper. Moreover, an overtaking scenario is selected as an application example for the tracking controllers, and the corresponding trajectory planner is designed. The tracking performances of these schemes for the overtaking trajectory are simulated on a three‐degree‐of‐freedom dynamic model and a more complete dynamic model of the 4WS vehicle, respectively. Results show the effectiveness of these schemes, especially the excellent tracking performance of LADRC with RGPIO in the presence of strong external disturbances and measurement noise.
Drinking to cope: Women with young children
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2021

Back in the 1960s, “Mother's Little Helper” was a pill, and it did not have a good reputation. But society got wise — until the pandemic, and now the new “Mother's Little Helper” increasingly appears to be alcohol. Many reports have shown that drinking in general went up in the United States during the pandemic, especially in older adults, older women in particular, and now, in women with children at home. An alarming revelation of three measures — excessive drinking, binge drinking and consumption — shows that increases in consumption by women with children in the house (not by men) have been related to drinking to cope.
Anderson's history of addiction treatment: Focus on alcohol
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2021

That Kenneth Anderson is not fond of 12‐Step treatment programs is no secret. He is one of the best‐known proponents of harm reduction in alcohol use, and he himself would not say he is in recovery. He drinks a fifth of whiskey one day a week, and does it at home because, as he told ADAW, he likes to get intoxicated. But that is much better than drinking four fifths a week, which he used to do.
Asymmetric Spacer in Dion–Jacobson Halide Perovskites Induces Staggered Alignment to Direct Out‐of‐Plane Carrier Transport and Enhances Ambient Stability Simultaneously
Authors: Yu Shuang , Abdellah Mohamed , Pullerits Tõnu , Zheng Kaibo , Liang Ziqi
Published: August 2021

Dion–Jacobson (DJ)‐type 2D halide perovskites present superior environmental stability and a narrower bandgap, yet a contradiction between charge transport and stability remains to be resolved. Herein, it is shown that both symmetry and substitution of the organic spacer in DJ perovskites synergistically direct the narrow interlayer spacing, staggered spacer alignment, and regular phase arrangement, thereby promoting out‐of‐plane carrier transport and ambient stability. Compared to its symmetric para‐xylylenediamine (PDMA) counterpart, the asymmetric 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)ethylamine (PMEA) spacer largely aids in compressing the inorganic octahedra layer to form a non‐confinement structure with decreased exciton binding energy, while stacked benzene rings enable a staggered alignment of spacers. Such non‐confined structures are less remarkable in meta‐substituted diamine‐based DJ perovskites than those para‐ones, which retard carrier transport from 2D to quasi‐2D phases. The preferential PMEA spacer however requires a long relaxation time to form a dense and ordered staggered alignment, which is realized by a slight addition of strong‐coordinating DMSO into the DMF solvent, thus decelerating crystallization and further optimizing lamellar orientation. As a result, a best efficiency of ≈12% is achieved in (PMEA)MA3Pb4I13 based p‐i‐n type planar solar cells. Importantly, such unencapsulated devices can maintain 81% initial efficiencies after storage in ambient conditions ( ≈60% relative humidity, ≈20 °C) for 700 h.
KAT6A Acetylation of SMAD3 Regulates Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cell Recruitment, Metastasis, and Immunotherapy in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Yu Bo , Luo Fei , Sun Bowen , Liu Wenxue , Shi Qiqi , Cheng Shi‐Yuan , Chen Ceshi , Chen Guoqiang , Li Yanxin , Feng Haizhong
Published: August 2021

Aberrant SMAD3 activation has been implicated as a driving event in cancer metastasis, yet the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Here, SMAD3 is identified as a nonhistone substrate of lysine acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A). The acetylation of SMAD3 at K20 and K117 by KAT6A promotes SMAD3 association with oncogenic chromatin modifier tripartite motif‐containing 24 (TRIM24) and disrupts SMAD3 interaction with tumor suppressor TRIM33. This event in turn promotes KAT6A‐acetylated H3K23‐mediated recruitment of TRIM24–SMAD3 complex to chromatin and thereby increases SMAD3 activation and immune response‐related cytokine expression, leading to enhanced breast cancer stem‐like cell stemness, myeloid‐derived suppressor cell (MDSC) recruitment, and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis. Inhibiting KAT6A in combination with anti‐PD‐L1 therapy in treating TNBC xenograft‐bearing animals markedly attenuates metastasis and provides a significant survival benefit. Thus, the work presents a KAT6A acetylation‐dependent regulatory mechanism governing SMAD3 oncogenic function and provides insight into how targeting an epigenetic factor with immunotherapies enhances the antimetastasis efficacy.
Multi‐Omics Analysis Reveals the Mechanism Underlying the Edaphic Adaptation in Wild Barley at Evolution Slope (Tabigha)
Authors: Cai Shengguan , Shen Qiufang , Huang Yuqing , Han Zhigang , Wu Dezhi , Chen Zhong‐Hua , Nevo Eviatar , Zhang Guoping
Published: August 2021

At the microsite “Evolution Slope”, Tabigha, Israel, wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) populations adapted to dry Terra Rossa soil, and its derivative abutting wild barley population adapted to moist and fungi‐rich Basalt soil. However, the mechanisms underlying the edaphic adaptation remain elusive. Accordingly, whole genome bisulfite sequencing, RNA‐sequencing, and metabolome analysis are performed on ten wild barley accessions inhabiting Terra Rossa and Basalt soil. A total of 121 433 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and 10 478 DMR‐genes are identified between the two wild barley populations. DMR‐genes in CG context (CG‐DMR‐genes) are enriched in the pathways related with the fundamental processes, and DMR‐genes in CHH context (CHH‐DMR‐genes) are mainly associated with defense response. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveal that the primary and secondary metabolisms are more active in Terra Rossa and Basalt wild barley populations, respectively. Multi‐omics analysis indicate that sugar metabolism facilitates the adaptation of wild barley to dry Terra Rossa soil, whereas the enhancement of phenylpropanoid/phenolamide biosynthesis is beneficial for wild barley to inhabit moist and fungi pathogen‐rich Basalt soil. The current results make a deep insight into edaphic adaptation of wild barley and provide elite genetic and epigenetic resources for developing barley with high abiotic stress tolerance.
Leaf shape and size variation in bur oaks: an empirical study and simulation of sampling strategies
Authors: Desmond Sara C. , Garner Mira , Flannery Seamus , Whittemore Alan T. , Hipp Andrew L.
Published: August 2021

Premise

Leaf shape and size figure strongly in plants’ adaptation to their environments. Among trees, oaks are notoriously variable in leaf morphology. Our study examines the degree to which within‐tree, among‐tree, and among‐site variation contribute to latitudinal variation in leaf shape and size of bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa: Fagaceae), one of North America's most geographically widespread oak species.

Methods

Samples were collected from four sites each at northern, central, and southern latitudes of the bur oak range. Ten leaf size traits were measured, and variance in these traits and eight ratios based on these traits was partitioned into tree and population components. Population means were regressed on latitude. We then parameterized a series of leaf collection simulations using empirical covariance among leaves on trees and trees at sites. We used the simulations to assess the efficiency of different collecting strategies for estimating among‐population differences in leaf shape and size.

Results

Leaf size was highly responsive to latitude. Site contributed more than tree to total variation in leaf shape and size. Simulations suggest that power to detect among‐site variance in leaf shape and size increases with either more leaves per tree (10–11 leaves from each of 5 trees) or more trees per site (5 leaves from each of 10+ trees).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates the utility of simulating sampling and controlling for variance in sampling for leaf morphology, whether the questions being addressed are ecological, evolutionary, or taxonomic. Simulation code is provided as an R package (traitsPopSim) to help researchers plan morphological sampling strategies.
Age at and indication for diagnosis of Turner syndrome in the pediatric population
Authors: Swauger Sarah , Backeljauw Philippe , Hornung Lindsey , Shafer Jessica , Casnellie Lori , Gutmark‐Little Iris
Published: August 2021

Early diagnosis of Turner syndrome (TS) enables timely intervention and may improve outcomes, but many are still diagnosed late. The objectives of our study were to describe the age and clinical features leading to diagnosis of TS in a large referral center. We hypothesize that newer testing modalities, such as noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), may lead to a decline in the age of diagnosis. Medical records of TS patients followed at The Cincinnati Center for Pediatric and Adult TS Care between 1997 and 2016 were reviewed for age at diagnosis, karyotype, and clinical indication(s). Patients (<18 years) were included (n = 239). Thirty‐seven percent of patients were diagnosed prenatally or neonatally (≤1 month). The median age of diagnosis was 1.5 (IQR 0.0–10.0) years. If not made during those periods, the median age was 9.3 (IQR 3.2–12.5) years. The most common indications for diagnosis were before birth, unspecified prenatal testing (57%); in neonates/infants, lymphedema (21%); in childhood, short stature (72%); and in adolescence, short stature (45%) followed by pubertal delay with short stature (22%). The age of TS diagnosis in our cohort is young. However, when the diagnosis is not made before 1 year, the median age of diagnosis has not changed in recent years. The age at diagnosis could decrease with prenatal testing, although our study may not have assessed a long enough period of increased use of NIPT. Together with an increase in provider clinical awareness, this may result in more age‐appropriate screening of comorbidities and earlier therapeutic intervention.
Practical Chemoselective Acylation: Organocatalytic Chemodivergent Esterification and Amidation of Amino Alcohols with N‐Carbonylimidazoles
Authors: Nelson Hope , Richard William , Brown Hailee , Medlin Abigail , Light Christina , Heller Stephen T.
Published: August 2021

Chemoselective transformations are a cornerstone of efficient organic synthesis; however, achieving this goal for even simple transformations, such as acylation reactions, is often a challenge. We report that N‐carbonylimidazoles enable catalytic chemodivergent aniline or alcohol acylation in the presence of pyridinium ions or 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU), respectively. Both acylation reactions display high and broad chemoselectivity for the target group. Unprecedented levels of chemoselectivity were observed in the DBU‐catalyzed esterification: A single esterification product was obtained from a molecule containing primary aniline, alcohol, phenol, secondary amide, and N−H indole groups. These acylation reactions are highly practical as they involve only readily available, inexpensive, and relatively safe reagents; can be performed on a multigram scale; and can be used on carboxylic acids directly by in situ formation of the acylimidazole electrophile.
Steric Hindrance Drives the Boron‐Initiated Polymerization of Dienyltriphenylarsonium Ylides to Photoluminescent C5‐Polymers
Authors: Wang Xin , Hadjichristidis Nikos
Published: August 2021

A series of alkyl‐subsituted dienyltriphenylarsonium ylides were synthesized and used as monomers in borane‐initiated polymerization to obtain practically pure C5‐polymers (main‐chain grows by five carbon atoms at a time). The impact of triethylborane (Et3B), tributylborane (Bu3B), tri‐sec‐butylborane (s‐Bu3B), and triphenylborane (Ph3B) initiators on C5 polymerization was studied. Based on NMR and SEC results, we have shown that all synthesized polymers have C5 units with a unique unsaturated backbone where two conjugated double bonds are separated by one methylene. The synthesized C5‐polymers possess predictable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mn,NMR=2.8 −11.9 kg mol−1, Ð=1.04–1.24). It has been found that increasing the steric hindrance of both the monomer and the initiator can facilitate the formation of more C5 repeating units, thus driving the polymerization to almost pure C5‐polymer (up to 95.8 %). The polymerization mechanism was studied by 11B NMR and confirmed by DFT calculations. The synthesized C5‐polymers are amorphous with tunable glass‐transition temperatures by adjusting the substituents of monomers, ranging from +30.1 °C to −38.4 °C. Furthermore, they possess blue photoluminescence that changes to yellow illuminating the polymers for 5 days with UV radiation of 365 nm (IIE, isomerization induced emission).
In Situ Phase Separation into Coupled Interfaces for Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to Formate over a Wide Potential Window
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Wang Zhitong , Yang Ruoou , Duan Junyuan , Liu Youwen , Nie Anmin , Li Huiqiao , Xia Bao Yu , Zhai Tianyou
Published: August 2021

Bimetallic sulfides are expected to realize efficient CO2 electroreduction into formate over a wide potential window, however, they will undergo in situ structural evolution under the reaction conditions. Therefore, clarifying the structural evolution process, the real active site and the catalytic mechanism is significant. Here, taking Cu2SnS3 as an example, we unveiled that Cu2SnS3 occurred self‐adapted phase separation toward forming the stable SnO2@CuS and SnO2@Cu2O heterojunction during the electrochemical process. Calculations illustrated that the strongly coupled interfaces as real active sites driven the electron self‐flow from Sn4+ to Cu+, thereby promoting the delocalized Sn sites to combine HCOO* with H*. Cu2SnS3 nanosheets achieve over 83.4 % formate selectivity in a wide potential range from −0.6 V to −1.1 V. Our findings provide insight into the structural evolution process and performance‐enhanced origin of ternary sulfides under the CO2 electroreduction.
A novel magnetic layered double hydroxide as potent mesoporous recyclable heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 1H‐chromeno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile derivatives
Authors: Ghobakhloo Farzaneh , Azarifar Davood , Ghaemi Masoumeh
Published: August 2021

A magnetically separable cobalt complex of macrocyclic pseudo‐crown ether (PCE) immobilized on magnetic Cu/Al‐layered double hydroxide (γ‐Fe2O3@Cu3Al‐layered double hydroxide (LDH)/PCE‐Co) was readily fabricated using a simple four‐step postsynthetic modification strategy. This newly prepared nanocomposite was characterized by different chemo‐physical approaches, including Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and elemental mapping. The catalytic performance of these nanoparticles (NPs) was explored in the synthesis of diverse 1H‐chromeno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile derivatives via one‐pot three‐component reactions under green reaction conditions. Environmentally benign reaction conditions, simple separation, high yields of the reactions, versatility, easy magnetic separation, and reusability for several runs without significant loss of catalytic performance are the key advantages that make this protocol an ideal alternative method for the synthesis of chromene derivatives.
Rock engravings and occupation sites in the Mount Bosavi Region, Papua New Guinea: Implications for our understanding of the human presence in the Southern Highlands
Authors: LAMB LARA , BARKER BRYCE , LEAVESLEY MATTHEW , AUBERT MAXIME , FAIRBAIRN ANDREW , MANNE TIINA
Published: August 2021

An extensive body of engraved rock art on the Great Papuan Plateau is documented here for the first time, along with the first dates for occupation. Consisting largely of deeply abraded or pecked barred ovals and cupules, the rock art of this region does not fit comfortably into any regional models for rock art previously described. It does, however, exhibit some similarity to art in regions to the east and the west of the plateau. Subject to further archaeological testing, we present a number of exploratory hypotheses with which to explain the presence of the engravings; as part of the ethnographic and contemporary Kasua's cultural suite; as part of a relatively recent (late Holocene) migration of peoples from the Gulf to the plateau; or as part of an earlier movement of people from the west, possibly as part of the movement of people into the Sahul continent in the Late Pleistocene. We conclude that the Great Papuan Plateau is not a late and marginally occupied ‘backwater’ but rather part of a possible corridor of human movement across northern Sahul and a region that could allow us to better understand modern humans as they reached the Sahul continent.