bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Least energy solution for a scalar field equation with a singular nonlinearity
Authors: Byeon Jaeyoung , Choi Sun-Ho , Kim Yeonho , Moon Sang-Hyuck
Published: January 2020

We are concerned with a nonnegative solution to the scalar field equation
$$\Delta u + f(u) = 0{\rm in }{\open R}^N,\quad \mathop {\lim }\limits_{|x|\to \infty } u(x) = 0.$$
A classical existence result by Berestycki and Lions [3] considers only the case when f is continuous. In this paper, we are interested in the existence of a solution when f is singular. For a singular nonlinearity f, Gazzola, Serrin and Tang [8] proved an existence result when $f \in L^1_{loc}(\mathbb {R}) \cap \mathrm {Lip}_{loc}(0,\infty )$ with $\int _0^u f(s)\,{\rm d}s < 0$ for small $u>0.$ Since they use a shooting argument for their proof, they require the property that $f \in \mathrm {Lip}_{loc}(0,\infty ).$ In this paper, using a purely variational method, we extend the previous existence results for $f \in L^1_{loc}(\mathbb {R}) \cap C(0,\infty )$. We show that a solution obtained through minimization has the least energy among all radially symmetric weak solutions. Moreover, we describe a general condition under which a least energy solution has compact support.
Mono- vs multifilament gillnets: effects on selectivity of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson in the Persian Gulf
Authors: Eighani Morteza , Bayse Shannon M. , Paighambari Seyed Yousef , Broadhurst Matt K.
Published: January 2020

Iranian coastal fishers targeting narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) recently replaced their historical multifilament gillnets with those made from monofilament, evoking management concerns over potential increases in catch-per-unit-of-effort. During 20 fishing days, we compared catches from replicate surface-set gillnets that were identical in terms of mesh size (140 mm stretched opening), length (180 m), depth (30 m), hanging ratio (0.56) and spatio-temporal deployment, but had different materials: multifilament (1.8-mm diameter twisted twine) vs monofilament (0.8-mm diameter twine). Compared with the multifilament gillnet, there was a trend of greater catches (up to 1.3×) of S. commerson and another retained species, mackerel tuna (Euthnus affinis), along with one discarded species, giant catfish (Netuma thalassina) by the monofilament gillnet. However, statistical significance was restricted to E. affinis catches and a bias towards smaller S. commerson. These differences were attributed to species-specific catching mechanisms within gillnet material, with larger S. commerson retained by their teeth in the multifilament and all E. affinis more securely retained by their deeper bodies in the monofilament. Gillnet materials require regulation to preclude excessive effort on fully exploited stocks of species such as S. commerson.
Influences of the perinatal diet on maternal and child health: insights from the GUSTO study
Authors: Chong Mary Foong-Fong , Godfrey Keith M. , Gluckman Peter , Tan Kok Hian , Shek Lynette Pei-Chi , Meaney Michael , Chan Jerry Kok Yen , Yap Fabian , Lee Yung Seng , Chong Yap-Seng
Published: January 2020

Maternal and child health are intrinsically linked. With accumulating evidence over the past two decades supporting the developmental origins of health and diseases hypothesis, it is now widely recognised that nutrition in the first 1000 d sets the foundation for long-term health. Maternal diet before, during and after pregnancy can influence the developmental pathways of the fetus and lead to health consequences later in life. While maternal and infant mortality rates have declined significantly in the past two decades, the growing burden of obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases in women of reproductive age and children is on a rapid rise worldwide, in developed and developing countries. A key contributory factor is malnutrition, which is a consequence of consuming poor quality diets. Suboptimal macronutrient balance and micronutrient inadequacies can lead to undesirable maternal body composition and metabolism, in turn influencing the health of the mother and leading to longer-term metabolic and cognitive health consequences in the infant. The GUSTO (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes) study, a mother–offspring multi-ethnic cohort study in Singapore, has contributed to this body of evidence over the past 10 years. This review will illustrate how nutritional epidemiological research through a birth cohort has illuminated the importance and urgency of maternal and child nutrition and health in a modern, industrialised setting. It underscores the importance of a number of critical nutrients during pregnancy, in combination with healthy dietary patterns and appropriate meal timing, for optimal maternal and child health.
Outcome of Conventional Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Cardiac Arrest Following Drowning
Authors: Tobin Joshua M. , Ramos William D. , Greenshields Joel , Dickinson Stephanie , Rossano Joseph W. , Wernicki Peter G. , Markenson David , Vellano Kimberly , McNally Bryan ,   CARES Surveillance Group
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

The concept of compressions only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CO-CPR) evolved from a perception that lay rescuers may be less likely to perform mouth-to-mouth ventilations during an emergency. This study hopes to describe the efficacy of bystander compressions and ventilations cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CV-CPR) in cardiac arrest following drowning.

Hypothesis/Problem:

The aim of this investigation is to test the hypothesis that bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) utilizing compressions and ventilations results in improved survival for cases of cardiac arrest following drowning compared to CPR involving compressions only.

Methods:

The Cardiac Arrest Registry for Enhanced Survival (CARES) was queried for patients who suffered cardiac arrest following drowning from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2017, and in whom data were available on type of bystander CPR delivered (ie, CV-CPR CO-CPR). The primary outcome of interest was neurologically favorable survival, as defined by cerebral performance category (CPC).

Results:

Neurologically favorable survival was statistically significantly associated with CV-CPR in pediatric patients aged five to 15 years (aOR = 2.68; 95% CI, 1.10–6.77; P = .03), as well as all age group survival to hospital discharge (aOR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.01–2.36; P = .046). There was a trend with CV-CPR toward neurologically favorable survival in all age groups (aOR = 1.35; 95% CI, 0.86–2.10; P = .19) and all age group survival to hospital admission (aOR = 1.29; 95% CI, 0.91–1.84; P = .157).

Conclusion:

In cases of cardiac arrest following drowning, bystander CV-CPR was statistically significantly associated with neurologically favorable survival in children aged five to 15 years and survival to hospital discharge.
Secularization Theory and Religion
Authors: Dhima Kostanca , Golder Matt
Published: January 2020

What is the relationship between religion and human development? Using data from the pooled 1981–2014 World and European Values Surveys, we examine the effect of human development on a country's level of religious attendance and belief. Consistent with the idea that the primary causal mechanism underlying secularization theory has to do with the substitutability of secular and religious goods, we find that human development has a negative effect on religious attendance but no effect on religious belief. Our results indicate that as societies develop, we should not be surprised if religious belief remains high even as religious attendance declines. The negative effect of human development on religious attendance is driven primarily by a country's level of education and health. Our analysis suggests that it is important to think carefully about what one's theoretical model of the secularization process implies for different aspects of religion.
Validity and Cross-Cultural Invariance of the Resiliency Scale for Young Adults – Spanish Version
Authors: Plouffe Rachel A. , Dave Hiten P. , Wilson Claire A. , Topa Gabriela , Riggin Alex , Lau Chloe , Sinclair Vanessa M. , Saklofske Donald H. , Prince-Embury Sandra
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Emerging adulthood represents a time of substantial change and unpredictability. Personal resiliency is defined as an ability to adapt and thrive in the face of challenging circumstances. This study evaluated the cross-cultural validity of a new Spanish translation of the Resiliency Scale for Young Adults (RSYA) using samples of 393 young adults (66.2% women) from Spain (ages 18–30 years, Mage = 25.88, SDage = 2.87) and 365 young adults (71.23% women) from Canada (ages 18–30 years, Mage = 18.56, SDage = 1.26). Results showed that scores on the Spanish RSYA demonstrated high internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, a sound three-factor structure, and partial scalar invariance. Overall, the RSYA translation is a promising theory-based measurement tool designed for use in Spanish young adult samples.
The German Version of the Multidimensional Acculturative Stress	Inventory (MASI) for Turkish-Origin Immigrants
Authors: Scholaske Laura , Rodriguez Norma , Sari Nida Emel , Spallek Jacob , Ziegler Matthias , Entringer Sonja
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The Multidimensional Acculturative Stress Inventory (MASI) is an established measure of acculturative stress for people of Mexican origin living in the USA that has been associated with mental health outcomes in this population. We translated the MASI into German and adapted it for use with Turkish-origin immigrants in Germany. The MASI includes filter questions asking if a potentially stressful event had actually occurred before reporting the stress appraisal of these situations. Measurement invariance testing has become a standard practice to evaluate questionnaire translations, however, measurement invariance of filter questions has been scarcely studied. In Study 1, we evaluated measurement invariance of the filter questions between a German-based Turkish sample ( N = 233) and the Mexican-origin sample from the original study ( N = 174) and could show partial strong factorial invariance for three of the four factors. In Study 2, a validation study, relations between the German MASI scores and measures of acculturation and stress indicated discriminant validity. This study contributes to research on measurement invariance of filter questions, thereby providing a measure of acculturative stress that can be used in future research to understand the etiology of health disparities in Turkish-origin immigrants in Germany.
Probing Slow Earthquakes With Deep Learning
Authors: Rouet‐Leduc Bertrand , Hulbert Claudia , McBrearty Ian W. , Johnson Paul A.
Published: January 2020

Slow earthquakes may trigger failure on neighboring locked faults that are stressed sufficiently to break, and slow slip patterns may evolve before a nearby great earthquake. However, even in the clearest cases such as Cascadia, slow earthquakes and associated tremor have only been observed in intermittent and discrete bursts. By training a convolutional neural network to detect known tremor on a single seismic station in Cascadia, we isolate and identify tremor and slip preceding and following known larger slow events. The deep neural network can be used for the detection of quasi‐continuous tremor, providing a proxy that quantifies the slow slip rate. Furthermore, the model trained in Cascadia recognizes tremor in other subduction zones and also along the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield, suggesting a universality of waveform characteristics and source processes, as posited from experiments and theory.
Pantropical Response to Global Warming and the Emergence of a La Niña‐Like Mean State Trend
Authors: Lee Sang‐Ki , Kim Dongmin , Foltz Gregory R. , Lopez Hosmay
Published: January 2020

A recent study by Zhang et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084088) proposes “an interbasin ocean thermostat mechanism” to support the hypothesis that enhanced Indian Ocean warming during the past century has reduced the Pacific warming response to increasing greenhouse gases. In this commentary, we review the proposed mechanism in a broader perspective and discuss a potential role of Atlantic Ocean in modulating the future Pacific warming response to emphasize the interactive response of the pantropical atmosphere‐ocean to increasing greenhouse gases.
Intensification of the Atlantic Water Supply to the Arctic Ocean Through Fram Strait Induced by Arctic Sea Ice Decline
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wekerle Claudia , Wang Xuezhu , Danilov Sergey , Koldunov Nikolay , Sein Dmitry , Sidorenko Dmitry , von Appen Wilken‐Jon , Jung Thomas
Published: January 2020

Substantial changes have occurred in the Arctic Ocean in the last decades. Not only sea ice has retreated significantly, but also the ocean at middepth showed a warming tendency. By using simulations we identified a mechanism that intensifies the upward trend in ocean heat supply to the Arctic Ocean through Fram Strait. The reduction in sea ice export through Fram Strait induced by Arctic sea ice decline increases the salinity in the Greenland Sea, which lowers the sea surface height and strengthens the cyclonic gyre circulation in the Nordic Seas. The Atlantic Water volume transport to the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean is consequently strengthened. This enhances the warming trend of the Arctic Atlantic Water layer, potentially contributing to the Arctic “Atlantification.” Our study suggests that the Nordic Seas can play the role of a switchyard to influence the heat budget of the Arctic Ocean.
A Dynamic Blending Scheme to Mitigate Large‐Scale Bias in Regional Models
Authors: Feng Jin , Sun Juanzhen , Zhang Ying
Published: January 2020

Several blending methods have been developed in dynamic downscaling and rapid cycled data assimilation. Blending the large‐scale part of the global model (GM) analysis or forecast has led to improvement in regional model (RM) simulations. However, in previous studies the blended waveband of the GM has generally been determined using a fixed, arbitrarily chosen cutoff wave number. Here we introduce a new dynamic blending (DB) scheme with a dynamic cutoff wave number computed according to the spectral characteristics of GM forecast quality and the spectral distribution of errors in the RM. The DB scheme is described and applied to eight‐day summertime and seven‐day wintertime cycled Weather Research and Forecasting Model forecasts over a regional domain in the continental United States. The scheme can determine a cutoff wave number with significant temporal variations. The temporal variation results from the error growth property of the RM and has a clear diurnal oscillation, suggesting that fewer (more) GM waves should be introduced into the RM at noon (night). The cutoff wave number difference between the two periods indicates seasonal variation of the cutoff wave number with larger day‐to‐day change in winter. Comparison among no blending experiment, two fixed wave number blending experiments, and two DB experiments with and without vertically varying cutoff wave number suggests that the DB scheme with vertically averaged but temporally varying cutoff wave number results in less model bias and less disturbance to the RM dynamic balance. By reducing the forecast background error, the DB scheme can potentially provide improved first guess for a rapid‐update‐cycle weather forecast system.
Anticancer activity of dietary xanthone α-mangostin against hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibition of STAT3 signaling via stabilization of SHP1
Authors: Zhang Hai , Tan Yu-ping , Zhao Lin , Wang Lun , Fu Nai-jie , Zheng Song-ping , Shen Xiao-fei
Published: January 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal human cancers worldwide. The dietary xanthone α-mangostin (α-MGT) exhibits potent anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo. However, the anti-HCC effects of α-MGT and their underlying mechanisms are still vague. Aberrant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is involved in the progression of HCC. We therefore investigated whether α-MGT inhibited the activation of STAT3 and thereby exhibits its anti-HCC effects. In this study, we found that α-MGT significantly suppressed cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and triggered apoptosis in HCC cells, including HepG2, SK-Hep-1, Huh7, and SMMC-7721 cells in vitro, as well as inhibiting tumor growth in nude mice bearing HepG2 or SK-Hep-1 xenografts. Furthermore, α-MGT potently inhibited the constitutive and inducible activation of STAT3 in HCC cells. In addition, α-MGT also suppressed IL-6-induced dimerization and nuclear translocation of STAT3, which led to inhibition of the expression of STAT3-regulated genes at both mRNA and protein levels. Mechanistically, α-MGT exhibited effective inhibition of the activation of STAT3’s upstream kinases, including JAK2, Src, ERK, and Akt. Importantly, α-MGT increased the protein level of Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP1), which is a key negative regulator of the STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, α-MGT enhanced the stabilization of SHP1 by inhibiting its degradation mediated by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Knockdown of SHP1 using siRNA obviously prevented the α-MGT-mediated inhibition of the activation of STAT3 and proliferation of HCC cells. In summary, α-MGT exhibited a potent anti-HCC effect by blocking the STAT3 signaling pathway via the suppression of the degradation of SHP1 induced by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. These findings also suggested the potential of dietary derived α-MGT in HCC therapy.
A framework for advancing our understanding of cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Sahai Erik , Astsaturov Igor , Cukierman Edna , DeNardo David G. , Egeblad Mikala , Evans Ronald M. , Fearon Douglas , Greten Florian R. , Hingorani Sunil R. , Hunter Tony , Hynes Richard O. , Jain Rakesh K. , Janowitz Tobias , Jorgensen Claus , Kimmelman Alec C. , Kolonin Mikhail G. , Maki Robert G. , Powers R. Scott , Puré Ellen , Ramirez Daniel C. , Scherz-Shouval Ruth , Sherman Mara H. , Stewart Sheila , Tlsty Thea D. , Tuveson David A. , Watt Fiona M. , Weaver Valerie , Weeraratna Ashani T. , Werb Zena
Published: January 2020

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumour microenvironment with diverse functions, including matrix deposition and remodelling, extensive reciprocal signalling interactions with cancer cells and crosstalk with infiltrating leukocytes. As such, they are a potential target for optimizing therapeutic strategies against cancer. However, many challenges are present in ongoing attempts to modulate CAFs for therapeutic benefit. These include limitations in our understanding of the origin of CAFs and heterogeneity in CAF function, with it being desirable to retain some antitumorigenic functions. On the basis of a meeting of experts in the field of CAF biology, we summarize in this Consensus Statement our current knowledge and present a framework for advancing our understanding of this critical cell type within the tumour microenvironment.
Comparison of short-acting versus extended-release nifedipine: Effects on hemodynamics and sympathetic activity in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Parker John D. , D’ Iorio Matthew , Floras John S. , Toal Corey B.
Published: January 2020

We investigated the impact of short-acting and extended release nifedipine on sympathetic activity using radiotracer methodology in patients with stable coronary artery disease in order to more accurately document the response of the sympathetic nervous system to different formulations of this dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist. Participants were randomized to placebo, short-acting or extended release nifedipine for 7–10 days. On the final day, systemic blood pressure, cardiac filling pressures, cardiac output, plasma norepinephrine (NE) and total body NE spillover were measured at baseline (time 0) and repeated at intervals for 6 hours. There were no differences in baseline measures between groups. Following the morning dose of study medication there were no changes in hemodynamics or sympathetic activity in the placebo group. However, there was a significant fall in blood pressure and a significant increase in total body NE spillover in both nifedipine groups. Importantly, the increase in sympathetic activity in response to short-acting nifedipine began earlier (30 minutes) and was much greater than that observed in the extended release group, which occurred later (270 minutes). These findings confirm that sustained therapy with nifedipine is associated with activation of the sympathetic nervous system which is dependent on the pharmacokinetics of the formulation.
CREBBP and WDR 24 Identified as Candidate Genes for Quantitative Variation in Red-Brown Plumage Colouration in the Chicken
Authors: Fogelholm J. , Henriksen R. , Höglund A. , Huq N. , Johnsson M. , Lenz R. , Jensen P. , Wright D.
Published: January 2020

Plumage colouration in birds is important for a plethora of reasons, ranging from camouflage, sexual signalling, and species recognition. The genes underlying colour variation have been vital in understanding how genes can affect a phenotype. Multiple genes have been identified that affect plumage variation, but research has principally focused on major-effect genes (such as those causing albinism, barring, and the like), rather than the smaller effect modifier loci that more subtly influence colour. By utilising a domestic × wild advanced intercross with a combination of classical QTL mapping of red colouration as a quantitative trait and a targeted genetical genomics approach, we have identified five separate candidate genes (CREBBP, WDR24, ARL8A, PHLDA3, LAD1) that putatively influence quantitative variation in red-brown colouration in chickens. By treating colour as a quantitative rather than qualitative trait, we have identified both QTL and genes of small effect. Such small effect loci are potentially far more prevalent in wild populations, and can therefore potentially be highly relevant to colour evolution.
Diabetes, an independent poor prognostic factor of non-B non-C hepatocellular carcinoma, correlates with dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 promoter methylation
Authors: Umetsu Satoko , Mizukami Hiroki , Saito Takeshi , Uchida Chiaki , Igawa Akiko , Kudo Kazuhiro , Itabashi Chieko , Osonoi Sho , Danyang Guo , Sasaki Takanori , Yagihashi Soroku , Hakamada Kenichi
Published: January 2020

A concurrent increase in the prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with that of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity has been reported in the absence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen-negative/hepatitis C virus antibody-negative HCC (NBNC-HCC). However, the prognostic relevance of this association remains unclear. Promoter methylation (PM) of the dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 gene (DPYSL3) has been implicated in virus-related HCC. However, it remains unclear whether T2D influences PM in NBNC-HCC. We determined the influence of T2D on clinicopathological profile and PM of DPYSL3 and CDK2NA in patients with NBNC-HCC who were divided into two groups: non-diabetes (non-DM; n = 46) and diabetes (DM; n = 47). DM was associated with a higher Union for International Cancer Control grade, marginal vascular invasion and tumour cell proliferation irrespective of the duration of T2D as well as higher rates of PM of DPYSL3 than non-DM; however, PM of CDK2NA was similar between both groups. PM of DPYSL3 reduced its expression which inversely correlated with reduced patient survival. In conclusion, T2D is associated with poor prognosis of NBNC-HCC in which a high frequency of PM of DPYSL3 may play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis.
pVHL-mediated regulation of the anti-angiogenic protein thrombospondin-1 decreases migration of Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Sevilla-Montero Javier , Bienes-Martínez Raquel , Labrousse-Arias David , Fuertes-Yebra Esther , Ordóñez Ángel , Calzada María J.
Published: January 2020

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a multifunctional matrix protein with antitumor activities due in part to its ability to inhibit angiogenesis, which in turn contributes to determine the fate of many tumours. Previous studies have shown that TSP-1 expression supports normal kidney angiostasis, and decreased TSP-1 levels contribute to the angiogenic phenotype of renal cell carcinomas (RCC). The loss of the von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor gene (VHL) in these tumours favours stabilization of the Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIF), which in turn contribute to adapt tumour cells to hostile environments promoting tumour progression. However, HIF-independent regulation of certain genes might also be involved. We have previously shown that TSP-1 is regulated in hypoxia in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) in a HIF-independent manner; however, the effect of VHL protein (pVHL) on TSP-1 expression has not been evaluated. Our results proved that pVHL loss or mutation in its alpha or beta domain significantly decreased TSP-1 levels in ccRCC in a HIF-independent manner. Furthermore, this regulation proved to be important for ccRCC cells behaviour showing that decreased TSP-1 levels rendered ccRCC cells more migratory. This data substantiates a unique regulation pattern for TSP-1 in a pVHL-dependent manner, which may be relevant in the aggressiveness of ccRCC.
Real-time neurochemical measurement of dynamic metabolic events during cardiac arrest and resuscitation in a porcine model
Authors: Gowers Sally A. N. , Samper Isabelle C. , Murray De-Shaine R. K. , Smith Georgia K. , Jeyaprakash Sarah , Rogers Michelle L. , Karlsson Michael , Olsen Markus Harboe , Møller Kirsten , Boutelle Martyn G.
Published: January 2020

This work describes a fully-integrated portable microfluidic analysis system for real-time monitoring of dynamic changes in glucose and lactate occurring in the brain as a result of cardiac arrest and resuscitation.
Structure of micelle bound cationic peptides by NMR spectroscopy using a lanthanide shift reagent
Authors: Swarbrick James D. , Karas John A. , Li Jian , Velkov Tony
Published: January 2020

[Tm(DPA)3]3− generates paramagnetic, dispersed 2D transferred NOESY spectra for high-resolution structures of cationic peptides in the LPS micelle bound state.
Peptide nucleic acids harness dual information codes in a single molecule
Authors: Swenson Colin S. , Heemstra Jennifer M.
Published: January 2020

Peptide nucleic acids simultaneously encode information from nature's two fundamental biopolymers for life: nucleic acids and proteins.
Interdigitated conducting tetrathiafulvalene-based coordination networks
Authors: Bechu Damien , Xie Lilia S. , Le Breton Nolwenn , Choua Sylvie , Dincă Mircea , Hosseini Mir Wais , Baudron Stéphane A.
Published: January 2020

The electronic conductivity of two isostructural interdigitated coordination polymers based on a novel tetrathiafulvalene derivative and M(NCS)2 nodes (M = Fe, Co) is enhanced upon surface oxidation of the crystals by iodine.
i-Rheo: determining the linear viscoelastic moduli of colloidal dispersions from step-stress measurements
Authors: Rivas-Barbosa Rodrigo , Escobedo-Sánchez Manuel A. , Tassieri Manlio , Laurati Marco
Published: January 2020

The Fourier transform-based method ‘i-Rheo’ allows the accurate determination of material viscoelastic moduli from step-stress measurements.
Revisiting the Volmer–Heyrovský mechanism of hydrogen evolution on a nitrogen doped carbon nanotube: constrained molecular dynamics versus the nudged elastic band method
Authors: Kronberg Rasmus , Lappalainen Heikki , Laasonen Kari
Published: January 2020

This study presents the first direct simulation of the hydrogen evolution reaction using a fully explicit, dynamic DFT approach and highlights the importance of incorporating solvent dynamics in the rigorous description of electrochemical reactions.
Cooperative effects of Na+ and citrates on the dissolution of calcium oxalate crystals
Authors: Shanthil M. , Sandeep K. , Sajith P. K.
Published: January 2020

Cooperative role of sodium and citrate ions in the dissolution of calcium oxalate crystals.
Electron–phonon scattering and mean free paths in D-carbon
Authors: Bu Xiangtian , Wang Shudong
Published: January 2020

Through first-principles simulations combined with the Wannier function interpolation method, the hot carrier scattering rates of D-carbon are studied.
Reductive halocyclosilazane polymerization
Authors: Folster Carlton P. , Nguyen Phi N. , Klausen Rebekka S.
Published: January 2020

The synthesis and polymerization of a chloroformed-functionalized six-membered cyclosilazane (Si5N) is reported.
Maximizing power generation from ambient stray magnetic fields around smart infrastructures enabling self-powered wireless devices
Authors: Lee Hyeon , Sriramdas Rammohan , Kumar Prashant , Sanghadasa Mohan , Kang Min Gyu , Priya Shashank
Published: January 2020

A magnetoelectric coupled magneto-mechano-electric energy conversion mechanism allows the generation of high electrical power from ambient stray magnetic fields around infrastructures.
Colloidal Co single-atom catalyst: a facile synthesis strategy and high catalytic activity for hydrogen generation
Authors: Wang Junkai , Huang Zhenxia , Lu Lilin , Jia Quanli , Huang Liang , Chang Shuai , Zhang Mingyang , Zhang Zuotai , Li Sun , He Dongsheng , Wu Wenhao , Zhang Shaowei , Toshima Naoki , Zhang Haijun
Published: January 2020

A facile route for on-demand hydrogen production via simply controlling the mixing process of a KBH4 solution and an aqueous solution of ISOBAM-104 stabilized Co2+ ions.
Regio/site-selective alkylation of substrates containing a cis-, 1,2- or 1,3-diol with ferric chloride and dipivaloylmethane as the catalytic system
Authors: Lv Jian , Liu Yu , Zhu Jia-Jia , Zou Dapeng , Dong Hai
Published: January 2020

We reported the regio/site-selective alkylation of diols and polyols with FeCl3 as a key catalyst and confirmed the mechanism.
Quantifying nitrogen in GeSbTe:N alloys
Authors: Jeynes C. , Nolot E. , Costa C. , Sabbione C. , Pessoa W. , Pierre F. , Roule A. , Navarro G. , Mantler M.
Published: January 2020

Result of measured N-content in test set of Ge2Sb2Te5:N samples. XRF calibrated using a set of reference materials certified by IBA.
Exploration of gum ghatti-modified porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Lett J. Anita , Sagadevan Suresh , Shahnavaz Zohreh , Latha Muthiah Bavani , Alagarswamy Karthick , Hossain M. A. Motalib , Mohammad Faruq , Johan Mohd Rafie
Published: January 2020

Taking advantage of the tissue engineering principles, the formed hydroxyl apatite-modified gum ghatti biomaterial with its porous nature, biocompatibility, and efficient mechanical properties can be potential for the bone repair and regeneration.
Synthesis, characterization and agronomic use of alginate microspheres containing layered double hydroxides intercalated with borate
Authors: Castro Gustavo Franco de , Mattiello Edson Marcio , Ferreira Jader Alves , Zotarelli Lincoln , Tronto Jairo
Published: January 2020

Alginate microspheres containing layered double hydroxides intercalated with borate: reduction on boron leaching and increasing boron uptake by plants.
A novel zero valent metal bismuth for bromate removal: direct and ultraviolet enhanced reduction
Authors: Huang Hong , Liu Guoshuai , Wang Xiuheng
Published: January 2020

The inert metal bismuth is proved to be effective for the direct reduction of bromate while the reducing process is dramatically promoted under the presence of ultraviolet light, since bismuth is a typical semi-metal.
Active nematics with anisotropic friction: the decisive role of the flow aligning parameter
Authors: Thijssen Kristian , Metselaar Luuk , Yeomans Julia M. , Doostmohammadi Amin
Published: January 2020

We use continuum simulations to study the impact of anisotropic hydrodynamic friction on the emergent flows of active nematics.
Biofilms at interfaces: microbial distribution in floating films
Authors: Desai Nikhil , Ardekani Arezoo M.
Published: January 2020

The distribution of microorganisms within a film floating over an underlying liquid depends on their morphology and the viscosity ratio across the liquid–liquid interface.
3D printing of implantable elastic PLCL copolymer scaffolds
Authors: Liu Wenshuai , Feng Zujian , Ou-Yang Wenbin , Pan Xiangbin , Wang Xiaoli , Huang Pingsheng , Zhang Chuangnian , Kong Deling , Wang Weiwei
Published: January 2020

Implantable PLCL scaffolds with designed architectures, tunable elasticity and good biocompatibility were manufactured by 3D printing.
Analysis and design of 18‐slot/10‐pole six‐phase fault‐tolerant permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles
Authors: Yu Zhong An , Zhang Junming , Liang Jianwei , Lu Jian
Published: January 2020

This study analyses a double Y shaft 30° winding for six‐phase fault‐tolerant permanent magnet synchronous motors and introduces a novel modular 18‐slot stator topology used in high‐performance electric vehicles with unequal teeth width and unequal slot size. The new topology adopts double‐layer winding in the same phase and single‐layer winding in the adjacent phase. Additionally, two new pole/slot combinations for the six‐phase motor, 18‐slot/10‐pole and 18‐slot/14‐pole, are proposed by analysing the air‐gap flux harmonics that are produced by the stator winding. In addition, the optimal design of the 18‐slot/10‐pole motor is determined by using the average torque and the torque ripple as indexes. The motor can run continuously in the range of 0–4 times the rated speed with a one‐time short‐circuit current, a high isolation capability in the different phases and a high efficiency. The final parameters and performance of the 18‐slot/10‐pole motor are provided.
The origin of spin in binary black holes
Authors: Bavera Simone S. , Fragos Tassos , Qin Ying , Zapartas Emmanouil , Neijssel Coenraad J. , Mandel Ilya , Batta Aldo , Gaebel Sebastian M. , Kimball Chase , Stevenson Simon
Published: January 2020

Context. After years of scientific progress, the origin of stellar binary black holes is still a great mystery. Several formation channels for merging black holes have been proposed in the literature. As more merger detections are expected with future gravitational-wave observations, population synthesis studies can help to distinguish between them.

Aims. We study the formation of coalescing binary black holes via the evolution of isolated field binaries that go through the common envelope phase in order to obtain the combined distributions of observables such as black-hole spins, masses and cosmological redshifts of mergers.

Methods. To achieve this aim, we used a hybrid technique that combines the parametric binary population synthesis code COMPAS with detailed binary evolution simulations performed with the MESA code. We then convolved our binary evolution calculations with the redshift- and metallicity-dependent star-formation rate and the selection effects of gravitational-wave detectors to obtain predictions of observable properties.

Results. By assuming efficient angular momentum transport, we are able to present a model that is capable of simultaneously predicting the following three main gravitational-wave observables: the effective inspiral spin parameter χeff, the chirp mass Mchirp and the cosmological redshift of merger zmerger. We find an excellent agreement between our model and the ten events from the first two advanced detector observing runs. We make predictions for the third observing run O3 and for Advanced LIGO design sensitivity. We expect approximately 80% of events with χeff <  0.1, while the remaining 20% of events with χeff ≥ 0.1 are split into ∼10% with Mchirp <  15 M⊙ and ∼10% with Mchirp ≥ 15 M⊙. Moreover, we find that Mchirp and χeff distributions are very weakly dependent on the detector sensitivity.

Conclusions. The favorable comparison of the existing LIGO/Virgo observations with our model predictions gives support to the idea that the majority, if not all of the observed mergers, originate from the evolution of isolated binaries. The first-born black hole has negligible spin because it lost its envelope after it expanded to become a giant star, while the spin of the second-born black hole is determined by the tidal spin up of its naked helium star progenitor by the first-born black hole companion after the binary finished the common-envelope phase.
Sporadic and intense accretion in a 1 Myr-old brown dwarf candidate
Authors: Nguyen-Thanh D. , Phan-Bao N. , Murphy S. J. , Bessell M. S.
Published: January 2020

Context. Studying the accretion process in very low-mass objects has important implications for understanding their formation mechanism. Many nearby late-M dwarfs that have previously been identified in the field are in fact young brown dwarf members of nearby young associations. Some of them are still accreting. They are therefore excellent targets for further studies of the accretion process in the very low-mass regime at different stages.

Aims. We aim to search for accreting young brown dwarf candidates in a sample of 85 nearby late-M dwarfs.

Methods. Using photometric data from DENIS, 2MASS, and WISE, we constructed the spectral energy distribution of the late- M dwarfs based on BT-Settl models to detect infrared excesses. We then searched for lithium and Hα emission in candidates that exhibit infrared excesses to confirm their youth and the presence of accretion.

Results. Among the 85 late-M dwarfs, only DENIS-P J1538317−103850 (M5.5) shows strong infrared excesses in WISE bands. The detection of lithium absorption in the M5.5 dwarf and its Gaia trigonometric parallax indicate an age of ~1 Myr and a mass of 47 MJ. The Hα emission line in the brown dwarf shows significant variability that indicates sporadic accretion. This 1 Myr-old brown dwarf also exhibits intense accretion bursts with accretion rates of up to 10−7.9 M⊙ yr−1.

Conclusions. Our detection of sporadic accretion in one of the youngest brown dwarfs might imply that sporadic accretion at early stages could play an important role in the formation of brown dwarfs. Very low-mass cores would not be able to accrete enough material to become stars, and thus they end up as brown dwarfs.
Xishu Celebrity Memorial Gardens under the influence of water culture
Authors: Wang Yanting , Bu Along , Xin Xin , Lu Lin
Published: January 2020

The celebrity memorial gardens are the most prominent in Xishu gardens, showing strong memorial. As the most characteristic cultural element of Xishu area, water contributes a lot to the development of Xishu gardens and becomes an indispensable element in gardening. By tracing back to the background of the formation and development of water culture, this paper analyses the relationship between the historical celebrities and water in Xishu, and summarizes the art of water in Xishu celebrity memorial gardens under the infiltration of water culture. This paper not only reflects the aesthetic value of water from the perspective of formal beauty, but also creates the poetic and artistic conception and the connotation of humanistic spirit through the combination with other gardening elements. At last the article reveals its significance and value of water culture in celebrity memorial gardens and tries to provide inspiration for future regional garden design.
Survey of urban greenway satisfaction based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Tong Li , He Kun , Zhang Qiong , Liu Shuang
Published: January 2020

Greenways are an important component of the ecological network of urban green spaces and contribute to ensuring a complete and continuous ecosystem. Once a city’s greenways have been built, their future success relies heavily on visitors’ intuitive feelings and satisfaction. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate visitor satisfaction with greenways. Using Greenway No. 1 in Shanghai’s Minhang District as an example, we in this article constructed an index system to evaluate visitor satisfaction with the greenway based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The visitors’ demographic and behavioral characteristics and their comprehensive reviews of Greenway No. 1 were analyzed. The results showed that the gender ratio among visitors to Greenway No. 1 was relatively balanced. Most visitors were retired and elderly, and most were from nearby areas. The visitors used the greenway frequently, and the travel time for most was less than ten minutes. The overall visitor satisfaction with the greenway reached the “satisfied” level, and most indices reached the basic level of satisfaction. However, certain basic service facilities were found to be inadequate. The results provide suggestions and references for the construction of greenways in Shanghai and surrounding provinces and cities.
Study on Tourist Satisfaction of Xijiang Miao Village from The Perspective of Landscape Gene
Authors: Xiao Shulin , Huang Yanling , Luo Shengfeng , Wang Jingjing
Published: January 2020

Analyzing the factors that affect tourist satisfaction can guide the sustainable development of tourist destination to a certain extent. In order to study the influence of Landscape Gene on the tourist satisfaction, the model of the structural equation was constructed by constructing the identification system and constructing the model of the structural equation. The results show that the characteristics of the building and the characteristics of the folk custom are positively influenced. The characteristics of the faith have a negative effect on the satisfaction of the tourists, and the correlation coefficient is prominent. The characteristics of the environment have a negative impact on tourist satisfaction. The effect of the folkcustom character on tourist satisfaction is the most significant.
An Analytical Continuous Upper Bound Limit Analysis of Pore Water Effect on the Tail Stability of Underwater Shield Tunnels during Construction
Authors: Song Wenjie , Xiang Yanyong
Published: January 2020

An analytical continuous upper bound limit analysis is developed to analyse the effects of seepage on the transverse stability of underwater shield tunnels. The approach is based on an analytical continuous upper bound limit analysis method for cohesive-frictional soils. It employs the complex variables solution of the displacement field due to tunnel deformation and movement, and the analytical solution of the pore water pressure field for steady state seepage due to pore water influx at the tunnel perimeter. The most critical slip line position and the minimum required tunnel support pressure are determined by using a particle swarm optimization scheme for various generic situations. The method is verified via finite element simulation and comparison with the solution from using rigid block upper bound limit analysis. The parametric analysis revealed among other things that both the infimum of the necessary tunnel support pressure and the most critical plastic zone increase when the hydraulic head at the ground surface increases, but decrease when the tunnel influx increases due to the fact that pore water pressure at the tunnel perimeter decreases with the tunnel influx.
A Three-exponential Decay Empirical Model of TVOC Emission from Indoor Building materials
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wu Yongfa , Niu Yuru , Liu Yang , Jiang Jinxia
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this article is to simulate the TVOC release of building materials in the environment chamber. Based on the theory of mass transfer, a three-exponential decay empirical model is proposed. The validity of the model is verified by experimental data and comparison with the classical model. From the fitting results, the new model is more consistent with the experimental data.
Cyber-Physical Systems In Construction For Sustainable Urban Development
Authors: Volkov Andrey , Shilova Liubov
Published: January 2020

The article reviews the current state of research works in the field of cyber-physical systems development in conjunction with «smart house» technology. The authors have collected statistical data on the articles and the papers about cyber-physical systems in construction from 2009 to 2019, which are presented in data base SCOPUS. These publications were analysed by the authors and as the result the countries leader in this field of studying were identified. The authors formulate a definition of a building cyber-physical system and determine the operating conditions of such systems. Finally, further research objectives were identified by the researchers.
Study on Passive Earth Pressure of Retaining Wall in Transversely Isotropic Soil
Authors: Chen Tao , Chen Chao , Guan Fengting , Zhou Ruoyang
Published: January 2020

Based on the fabric tensor theory and the principle of least square method, the method of block processing in the same model to explore the variation of the passive earth pressure of the transversely isotropic soil was used in the study. At the same time, primary displacement application and multiple displacement application were applied to change the angle between the large principal stress direction of the filling and the normal direction of the deposition surface to obtain the new strength parameters ci and φi of each block after the model was divided and additionally analyzing the variation of the anisotropic passive earth pressure. The study shows: 1.Considering the transverse isotropy of the soil and reaching the limit equilibrium, the passive earth pressure of the soil after multiple displacement application is not only smaller than that after primary displacement application but also closed to the theoretical solution of Coulomb’s earth pressure; 2.When the soil is inclined, the anisotropy is significant when compared with the horizontal direction.
Research on Image Perception of Heritage Destination Based on Web Text Analysis : Taking Hongcun Village as an Example
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Huang Yanling , Luo Shengfeng , Xiao Shulin
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on Hongcun in Anhui Province, using comments data ofctrip.com,ly.comandqunar.comas a samples, and makes a systematic analysis of Hongcun's tourism image through Python software. The study finds that the dimension of Hongcun image perception includes tourism attraction, tourism service, tourism environment and tourism atmosphere. The perception curve of tourism images of Hongcun presents the distribution characteristics of power functions, with obvious "long tail" distribution.Tourists have higher evaluation of Natural scenery and historical features,and lower evaluation for over-commercialization,single tourism items and disordered management in tourism-peak season. Accordingly, it is necessary to establish the concept of protective development and protect the authenticity of Hongcun . At the same time, it is necessary to enrich the cultural connotation of tourism products and enhance the experience of tourists.
Research on the Construction Strategy of Rural Community Space in China
Authors: ZHANG Yaolong , WANG Jingjing
Published: January 2020

This study takes the construction strategy of rural community space as the research object, combines the objectives of the rural revitalization strategy in the new era in China, and clarifies the goals and successful experiences of rural community space creation by analyzing relevant cases created by communities in Taiwan, China. Combining the multidisciplinary perspective, we will comprehensively sort out the current strategies for the construction of rural community space in China from the aspects of material space, industrial space and social space construction:1）The local superior resources should be fully utilized, and the multi-party cooperation strategy should be adopted to guide the villagers to participate in all stages of rural community construction, management and operation.2）We should build an interactive mechanism between rural community space construction and the healthy development of the local economy, so as to achieve sustainable development of rural communities.