bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jingju at Yan’an
Authors: Fan Xing
Published: September 2018

Time: October 1935 to March 1947. Jingju at Yan’an is examined in the context of the CCP’s vision of a new democratic culture, as articulated in Mao Zedong’s “On New Democracy” and “Talks at the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art.” The author examines discrepancies between official doctrine and other sources including personal memoirs, performance records and script analysis, arguing that jingju at Yan’an offers cultural productions that are far more complex than those depicted in CCP’s official narrative. The author presents two overlooked aspects. One is that, although the CCP was determined to construct a new democratic culture, in terms of jingju performance in Yan’an, traditional repertory was more popular and was more frequently staged than both newly written historical plays and modern plays. The other is that, as a close analysis of the 1944 Driven to Join the Liang Mountain Rebels reveals, Mao’s claim of “an epoch-making beginning” of revolutionizing old theatre was only partly realized through adjusting thematic concerns; it did not reflect the practitioners’ dilemma of devising a satisfying form to serve new content.
Jingju during the Xiqu Reform
Authors: Fan Xing
Published: September 2018

Time: late 1948 to roughly 1956. Jingju went through comprehensive changes during the Xiqu Reform, one of the first major campaigns that the CCP initiated in the drive to construct a new democratic culture. The author explicates the challenges facing the new government, cultural policy makers, and jingju practitioners as they dealt with the multiplexed theatrical traditions from the past: The new regime was quite effective with systemic and personnel reform but was less prepared to deal with traditional repertory. The focus of attention in repertory reform was on themes and plots, resulting in a decisive impact on artistry and practice. Divergent opinions regarding the implementation of jingju’s artistic reform revealed the challenges in taking advantage of, or altering, its signature style when presenting modern lives. Chapter 2 includes a discussion of jingju’s repertory and strengths during the 1940s, a list of the twenty-six xiqu plays banned during 1950–1952, and a close analysis of the China Jingju Company’s 1956 Three Mountains, one of the first experiments in modern jingju.
Mounting a Production: Directing
Authors: Fan Xing
Published: September 2018

Chapter 9 focuses on directing in model jingju. Based on the reported activities within the directors’ major areas of responsibility, the author begins with an examination of the director’s role during the creative process. In discussing the fulfillment of their directorial responsibilities, the author describes the model jingju director’s efforts to help performers develop a deeper understanding of scripts and characters through analytical discussion, their collaboration with fellow artists in realizing this modern understanding through jingju’s traditional stage conventions, and their innovative usage and arrangement of minor supporting characters. The last section delineates the work of technique directors for their accomplishments in designing movement, dance-acting, and stage combat. This chapter features personal interviews with performers, directors, and technique directors.
Coming Home: Portraying Japanese Baseball on the Silver Screen
Authors: Keaveney Christopher T.
Published: September 2018

Chapter 3 examines the long history of baseball films in Japan, a tradition nearly as old as the history of Japanese cinema itself. After a brief survey of the early history of cinema in Japan, a tradition whose history parallels that of the game of baseball chronologically, the study focuses on early shomingeki films and explores how baseball became an important marker of domesticity and middle class respectability in this genre of film in the 1930s. The chapter then examines several pivotal films in the postwar era, examining how baseball was used alternately to perpetuate a national hero in Suzuki Hideo’s Immortal Pitcher (1955) or to chart the corruption and greed surrounding professional baseball as in Kobayashi Masaki’s I Will Buy You (1956). In the 1960s and 1970s, as young filmmakers arose to challenge the dominance of the great postwar filmmakers and to produce often avant-garde and politically charged films that reflected an international challenge to the hegemony of Hollywood films, the baseball film was again adopted as a means to offer that challenge. Ōshima Nagisa’s Ceremonies, in a film that contests the very concept of the baseball film, uses baseball as a metaphor for the Japan’s abandonment of its citizens during the war. The recent splatter comedy baseball films of Yamaguchi Yūdai likewise play with the familiar tropes of Japanese baseball and of the baseball hero as antihero in problematizing the very concept of the baseball film.
Game On: Encounters with the Magic of Baseball in Japanese Postmodern Fiction
Authors: Keaveney Christopher T.
Published: September 2018

Chapter 5 builds upon the foundation established in Chapter 4 by examining a particular approach to literature, Postmodernism, and describing how the postmodern literature that emerged in the 1980s and 1990s in Japan, indebted to postmodern baseball fiction in the United States, exemplifies the continuing appeal of baseball as a literary subject and of baseball’s capacity to adapt to cultural shifts. The chapter provides analyses of four baseball-themed works including fiction by the well-know postmodern novelists Murakami Haruki and Takahashi Genichirō, and more recent works by Nagao Seio and Enjō Tō, to demonstrate the possibilities that baseball fiction offers for avant-garde literary experimentation, possibilities exploited in American literature by writers from Philip Roth to Bernard Malamud. This chapter also charts how, ironically, Nagao Seio in his novel Shiki and Sōseki’s Big Game, achieves a remarkable pastiche in which one of the protagonists is none other than Masaoka Shiki with whom this survey of cultural representations of baseball in Japan begins.
As mulheres na agricultura familiar de Mirassol D’Oeste/MT: reflexões sobre a produção e políticas
Authors: Tortorelli Hellen Simone , Neves Sandra Mara Alves da Silva , Neves Ronaldo José , França Raimundo Nonato Cunha de , Dos Santos Galvanin Edinéia Aparecida
Published: September 2018

Objetivou-se investigar a atuação das mulheres na agricultura familiar de Mirassol D’Oeste/MT, a partir do estudo de caso da Associação de Hortifrutigranjeiros. O delineamento da pesquisa é qualitativo. Foi realizado a pesquisa bibliográfica, análise de documentos de órgãos oficiais, coleta de dados através de formulários composto por perguntas abertas e fechadas, a utilização de máquina fotográfica para o registro dos lugares visitados. Para obtenção de informações sobre o número de mulheres na Associação foram realizadas visitas à Secretaria municipal de Agricultura, cujo cadastro estava desatualizado. A pesquisa foi realizada com as mulheres na Associação por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, com auxílio de formulário. Os dados foram tabulados e gerados as frequências absoluta e relativa. Verificou-se que a burocracia das políticas públicas e a incipiência da assistência técnica agrícola dificultam o acesso as políticas específicas, como o Programa Nacional da Agricultura Familiar-Mulher. Além disso, às agricultoras da Associação de Hortifrutigranjeiros almejam a organização documental para que possam coletivamente, propor projetos que contemplem as necessidades do grupo e, consequentemente, oferecer melhores produtos para comercialização na feira municipal. Concluiu-se que por meio da produção oriunda da agricultura familiar as mulheres da Associação de Hortifrutigranjeiros contribuem na renda familiar, contudo necessitam melhorar a organização da associação para acessarem as políticas públicas.
L’écrivain en résidence : une ressource territoriale ?
Authors: Roussigné Mathilde
Published: September 2018

Le développement général du dispositif de la résidence d’écrivain est à comprendre dans le cadre du tournant des années 1980 d’une territorialisation des politiques culturelles et semble constituer une ressource territoriale qui attire l’intérêt croissant des politiques publiques depuis vingt ans. « Écrivains en Seine-Saint-Denis », l’un des dispositifs les plus anciens et les plus pérennes en France, oblige cependant le chercheur à préciser la nature de la ressource que peut représenter l’écrivain en résidence. D’un référentiel communiste de la culture comme instrument d’émancipation et de lutte contre la ségrégation sociale au marketing territorial et à l’attraction de la classe créative, une constante semble se dégager dans les politiques publiques de la Seine-Saint-Denis : l’intérêt pour le département d’être un mécène qui soutient la création, voire d’être un territoire qui inspire la production littéraire.
Genèse et mémoires des randonnées littéraires
Authors: Marsac Antoine
Published: September 2018

Depuis les années 1980, les randonnées littéraires autour d’écrivains sont associées à des lectures de romans en vue d’entretenir la vitalité d’une œuvre dans une perspective de valorisation. Si les mémoires collectives sont longtemps restées l’apanage des ethnologues, les maisons d’écrivains sont les premières institutions à développer un type d’itinéraires touristiques en lien avec les politiques locales. Utilisant une approche basée sur les ressources territoriales, il s’agit de revenir sur l’émergence des randonnées littéraires consacrées à Jean Giono et de resituer cette démarche dans son articulation avec l’offre touristique régionale. La célébration de cet auteur se concentre aujourd’hui sur la résurgence du patrimoine revivifié des Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. Dans ce département, l’enquête sociologique menée principalement sur le circuit Giono interroge les frontières du tourisme littéraire en proposant une approche processuelle. Nous traitons un corpus formé de récits de vie et d’extraits d’entretiens avec des précurseurs à l’origine de cette initiative. Son analyse montre que les acteurs ont conçu des séjours itinérants afin d’articuler des stratégies de développement économique par le tourisme. Les randonnées littéraires jouent un rôle dans ce processus mémoriel car elles génèrent une offre alternative qui mobilise les ressources de la destination, en co-construisant ces produits hors des itinéraires classiques.
Cheminement littéraire en Bourbonnais : une expérience de recherche-action participative pour la valorisation de la ressource littéraire du département de l’Allier (France)
Authors: Le Bel Pierre-Mathieu , Fournier Mauricette
Published: September 2018

Le présent article propose de s’intéresser au dialogue entre
lieux et littérature à travers une expérience de recherche-action participative
conduite avec des associations de citoyens qui font la
promotion du patrimoine littéraire du département de l’Allier en France. En
réunissant les acteurs territoriaux qui partagent la transmission du patrimoine
littéraire comme mission, l’espoir est de donner une valeur supplémentaire à une
ressource ici peu valorisée. L’objectif opérationnel central de cette
recherche-action résidait dans la création d’un itinéraire littéraire conçu par
les associations, associé à la réalisation d’un site web, qui relierait les
différents lieux littéraires et créerait une dynamique de longue durée dans le
tourisme local. Ce travail, mené sur la base de groupes de discussion et
d’entretiens individuels, s’est appuyé sur les principes de l’innovation sociale
et territoriale dans la mesure où tous les acteurs participants reconnaissaient
la nécessité d’agir dans le domaine du développement local. Cet exemple montre
le rôle que peut jouer la littérature dans le renforcement des capacités locales
ainsi que la part active qu’elle peut occuper dans la construction d’un espace
économique, social et politique.
Paris entre l’admiration et la pauvreté : Des traces d’une écrivaine japonaise des années 1930
Authors: Takahashi Hiromi
Published: September 2018

Une admiration profonde pour la France s’est répandue au Japon
avant la Première Guerre mondiale et, depuis, la France
et en particulier Paris sont restés des lieux uniques, admirés, visités et
décrits par de nombreux peintres et hommes de lettres japonais. L’image de Paris
est établie depuis longtemps dans le monde littéraire et artistique japonais,
mais renouvelée continuellement. Quelle est la spécificité de Paris en tant que
« ville de lettres » dans l’imaginaire littéraire japonais ? Pour quelles
raisons cette ville incite-t-elle toujours les Japonais et (surtout) les
Japonaises à s’y rendre, à la poursuite d'un lieu imaginé et insaisissable, y
ajoutant des nouveaux éléments au fil de leurs propres pas ? Pour aborder cette
question, nous montrons la spécificité de Paris pour les femmes japonaises à
travers le témoignage avant-coureur de Hayashi Fumiko, écrivaine très connue du
grand public au Japon depuis les années 1930 qui nous a laissé un récit détaillé
de son voyage à Paris en 1931. Son témoignage, unique en son époque, nous
entraînera sur les traces de sa vie réelle et de son univers de fiction, et nous
permettra de brosser le portrait d’une pionnière des femmes voyageuses. Il nous
montrera aussi l’emprise d’une France idéalisée par le regard des écrivains et
artistes sur l’imaginaire des Japonais, à tel point qu’un voyage à Paris est,
pour eux, presque toujours la recherche d’un lieu rêvé, sublimé par la parole
des écrivains à qui ils emboîtent le pas. Il s’agit en somme d’un véritable
« tourisme littéraire », dans lequel les lieux sont indissociables des mots,
toujours vivants, que les pionniers comme Fumiko y sont attaché.
« Héroïté » et mise en récit de l’expérience pèlerine à Compostelle
Authors: Rajotte Pierre
Published: September 2018

Un schème narratif bien précis s’impose, consciemment ou inconsciemment, aux pèlerins de plus en plus nombreux qui relatent leur expérience de marche intensive sur les chemins de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle. Ce schème, communément appelé le « monomythe », met en corrélation le statut d’un héros et l’accomplissement d’un voyage initiatique. Le présent article rappelle ce qui caractérise ce schème narratif du parcours mythologique du héros. Puis il illustre comment ce parcours se déploie dans un récit reconnu comme particulièrement représentatif de l’expérience pèlerine :Immortelle randonnée. Compostelle malgré moide Jean-Christophe Rufin (2013), de même que dans un corpus de 47 récits québécois publiés de 1996 à 2016. La démonstration tente ensuite d’évaluer la portée épistémologique de l’analyse de ce schème pour comprendre l’expérience ainsi mise en récit, et notamment pour expliquer le sens et la popularité actuelle de la marche pèlerine. De cet examen, il ressort que leCaminoest au pèlerin ce que l’exploit initiatique est au héros : il rend possible un travail de restauration et de transfiguration identitaire. Pour plusieurs pèlerins, en quête d’accomplissement ou appelés à vivre une transition nécessaire à la suite d’une crise identitaire (ex. divorce, retraite, chômage, etc.), l’expérience semble agir comme un rite conjuratoire largement tributaire d’une représentation de soi en héros.
Les parcours des touristes à Los Angeles
Authors: Lucas Léopold
Published: September 2018

Ce texte développe une analyse des parcours des touristes au cœur d’une métropole. Il avance la proposition théorique de considérer le cheminement comme l’une des épreuves spatiales auxquelles sont confrontés les individus lorsqu’ils habitent un lieu. L’article propose pour cela une cartographie permettant de retracer l’itinéraire de certains touristes à Los Angeles : l’objectif est moins de représenter les lieux pratiqués par ces derniers (qui sont les mêmes) que de comprendre, à partir du discours des touristes eux-mêmes, les tactiques et les stratégies qui président à la réalisation de ces itinéraires, en questionnant notamment l’importance d’une logique d’optimisation spatiale. Après avoir relevé la grande différence d’amplitude des parcours effectués, l’argumentation défend l’idée que cette disparité n’est pas seulement une question de goût, mais aussi un problème de compétences : l’amplitude des parcours exprime fondamentalement une aisance plus ou moins grande des individus à « faire avec » l’espace.
La prise
en main de l’énergie par les collectivités territoriales : freins et
moteurs
Authors: La Branche Stéphane , Bosbœuf Pascale
Published: September 2018

Ce texte présente les résultats de deux recherches sur les
facteurs jouant un rôle dans le processus de prise en main de la question
énergétique au niveau territorial. Adoptant une double approche empirique (un
questionnaire et des entretiens semi-directifs), nous avons analysé le rôle de
plusieurs facteurs possibles, soit offert comme explication par la littérature
soit comme éléments d’explications dans nos deux terrains, pour déterminer ceux
qui jouent un rôle de ceux qui sont inopérants.

La première section présente le contexte et la seconde les
résultats d’une enquête, tandis que la troisième propose une comparaison
thématique avec des cas étrangers (en Grande-Bretagne, en Allemagne et Autriche)
analysés dans le cadre du projet pour le Conseil Français de l’Énergie.
Mapping Work in Early Twentieth-Century Montreal: A Rabbi, a Neighbourhood, and a Community
Authors: Poutanen Mary Anne , Gilliland Jason
Published: September 2018

Rabbi Simon Glazer’s 1909 daily journal provides a window onto his role as an orthodox rabbi of a largely Yiddish-speaking immigrant community, his interactions with Jewish newcomers, the range of tasks he performed to augment the inadequate stipends he received from a consortium of five city synagogues where he was chief rabbi, and the ways in which Jewish newcomers sought to become economically independent. Using a multidisciplinary methodology, including Historical Geographic Information Systems (HGIS), Glazer’s journal offers a new lens through which to view and map the social geography of this community. Our study contributes to a growing body of literature on immigrant settlement, which has shown that such clustering encouraged economic independence and social mobility.  Characterized by a high degree of diversity in ethnicity and commerce, the St. Lawrence Boulevard corridor was an ideal location for Jewish newcomers to set down roots. We argue that the community served as a springboard for social mobility and that Simon Glazer played an important role at a critical moment in its early development.  It was on its way to becoming one of Canada’s most significant Jewish communities.  Over the eleven years that he worked in Montreal (1907–18), Glazer carved out a vital place for himself in the city’s Jewish immigrant community and honed skills that would serve him well when he returned to the United States.
Politicking for Postwar Modernism: The Architectural Research Group of Ottawa and Montreal
Authors: Valen Dustin
Published: September 2018

The diffusion of modernist principles in Canadian building and planning occurred through many channels, but among these the Architectural Research Group of Ottawa and Montreal played a crucial role. Formed in 1938 to conduct research into postwar reconstruction, the group produced articles, radio addresses, and exhibitions in an effort to nurture modernist sentiment across the country. For these young architects, the federal government’s commitment to replanning and rebuilding postwar Canadian cities presented them with an opportunity to intervene in the future of Canadian practice. They decried the “backwardness” of conservative practitioners while promoting the ideas of a European avant-garde and orchestrating numerous transatlantic exchanges. This article discusses the group’s role in politicking for architectural and urban modernism, as well as the contributions of some of its key members. It shows that Canadian professionals were not simply passive receptors of international modernism but played an active part in shaping these ideas during the immediate postwar period, and that Canada’s federal government played a unique role in accelerating this process by allowing modernist architects and planners to operate within and through a number of government-sponsored agencies.
“On Their Knees”: Politics, Protest, and the Cancellation of the Pickering Airport, 1972–1975
Authors: Rowan Michael
Published: September 2018

The Pickering Airport in Ontario was announced in March 1972 and cancelled in September 1975. During that three-year period there was a bitter struggle between protesters, whose land was expropriated for the airport, and the federal government. The expropriation process gave both protesters and bureaucrats the opportunity to plead their cases through public forums on why the Pickering Airport was necessary or not. By the 1970s, citizens became more distrustful of experts and believed they deserved a full seat at the policy table, while bureaucrats were frustrated by challenges to their authority and the slow policy process. The debate over the Pickering Airport raises important questions about the effectiveness of public forums like hearings or public inquires in determining policy. Citizens groups may have a seat at the policy table, but the policy process has remained bitter and divisive.
Regulación legal y valoración probatoria de fuentes de prueba digital (correos electrónicos, WhatsApp, redes sociales): entre la insuficiencia y la incertidumbre
Authors: Armenta Deu Maria Teresa
Published: September 2018

Este estudio se centra en los medios tecnológicos como fuente de investigación en el proceso penal y, más concretamente, en tres fuentes de prueba digital: los correos electrónicos, los WhatsApp, y las redes sociales. Con el objetivo central de analizar la valoración probatoria y las especificidades de aquellos, se ha querido partir de la insuficiente regulación legal hasta la reforma de 2015 y el cuestionamiento actual de la idoneidad de esta última. Entre ambas, el examen pormenorizado de la doctrina y jurisprudencia sobre las fuentes de prueba digital, que nos llevan a apreciar la necesidad de acomodar la legislación a las garantías constitucionales y europeas, afrontando paralelamente las dificultades que comportan unas técnicas digitales en constante evolución a la hora de adecuarse a las garantías probatorias.
Some tax considerations regarding the collaborative economy
Authors: Delgado García Ana Maria
Published: September 2018

Within the framework of the digital economy, the collaborative economy is based upon the idea of sharing instead of possessing. It is a concept that has seen constant, unstoppable and rapid growth as it uses computer platforms to share and exchange products and services that, in turn, expand to provide an open and clear threat to traditional businesses. At the same time, the phenomenon provides many opportunities and a number of challenges that call for a response. That is why its activities need to be regulated at both national and international levels to safeguard the rights of all the players involved, whilst also ensuring compliance with their obligations, particularly in terms of taxes.

The tax treatment of the collaborative economy is a complex and by no means unified issue, depending as it does upon the specific type of initiative in question and also the operator(s) involved. Furthermore, it is a phenomenon that must, on occasions, be dealt with from an international tax standpoint, since a number of different national tax systems may come into play at once as transnational transactions may be involved. To this end, there is a pressing need to establish forms of cooperation between tax authorities in areas such as information and collection to ensure proper implementation of taxation systems.
Neuroprotective effects of TRPA1 channels in the cerebral endothelium following ischemic stroke
Authors: Pires Paulo Wagner , Earley Scott
Published: September 2018

Hypoxia and ischemia are linked to oxidative stress, which can activate the oxidant-sensitive transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel in cerebral artery endothelial cells, leading to vasodilation. We hypothesized that TRPA1 channels in endothelial cells are activated by hypoxia-derived reactive oxygen species, leading to cerebral artery dilation and reduced ischemic damage. Using isolated cerebral arteries expressing a Ca2+ biosensor in endothelial cells, we show that 4-hydroxynonenal and hypoxia increased TRPA1 activity, detected as TRPA1 sparklets. TRPA1 activity during hypoxia was blocked by antioxidants and by TRPA1 antagonism. Hypoxia caused dilation of cerebral arteries, which was disrupted by antioxidants, TRPA1 blockade and by endothelial cell-specific Trpa1 deletion (Trpa1 ecKO mice). Loss of TRPA1 channels in endothelial cells increased cerebral infarcts, whereas TRPA1 activation with cinnamaldehyde reduced infarct in wildtype, but not Trpa1 ecKO, mice. These data suggest that endothelial TRPA1 channels are sensors of hypoxia leading to vasodilation, thereby reducing ischemic damage.
Core Conflictual Relationship
Authors: Murtagh Fionn , Iurato Giuseppe
Published: September 2018

Following detailed presentation of the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT), there is the objective of relevant methods for what has been described as verbalization and visualization of data. Such is also termed data mining and text mining, and knowledge discovery in data. The Correspondence Analysis methodology, also termed Geometric Data Analysis, is shown in a case study to be comprehensive and revealing. Quite innovative here is how the analysis process is structured. For both illustrative and revealing aspects of the case study here, relatively extensive dream reports are used. The dream reports are from an open source repository of dream reports, and the current  study proposes a possible framework for the analysis of dream report narratives, and  further, how such an analysis could be relevant within the psychotherapeutic context. This Geometric Data Analysis here confirms the validity of CCRT method.
Design and synthesis of BRC analogous peptides and their interactions with a key p53 peptide
Authors: Zhao Dongxin , Lu Kui , Liu Guangbin , Ma Li , Zhu Hanjing , He Juan
Published: September 2018

Mutations in breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA2) can lead to chromosomal instability and result in breast cancer, which is strongly associated with p53 mutations. Here, based on the crystal structure of BRC4 and p53, the spatial structure of BRC2 and p53 (171–192) was simulated, providing structural basis for the site‐specific mutation of BRC2. The BRC analogous peptides and p53 (171–192) were synthesized, and the interaction between the mutant peptide and p53 (171–192) was studied using circular diachronic spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that the mutations of amino acid residues constituting the BRC2 α‐helix significantly affect the structure and interaction of BRC analogs and p53 (171–192), which provides support for understanding the structure of the BRC repeat motifs and its interaction pattern with p53.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers predict frontotemporal dementia trajectory
Authors: Ljubenkov Peter A. , Staffaroni Adam M. , Rojas Julio C. , Allen Isabel E. , Wang Ping , Heuer Hilary , Karydas Anna , Kornak John , Cobigo Yann , Seeley William W. , Grinberg Lea T. , Spina Salvatore , Fagan Anne M. , Jerome Gina , Knopman David , Boeve Brad F. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Kramer Joel , Miller Bruce , Boxer Adam L. , Rosen Howard J.
Published: September 2018

Objective

The prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain, total tau, phosphorylated tau181, and amyloid beta1‐42was examined in frontotemporal dementia subtypes.

Methods

We compared baseline biomarkers between 49 controls, 40 patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, 24 with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, and 26 with nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia. Linear mixed effect models were used to assess the value of baseline biomarkers in predicting clinical and radiographic change in patient cohorts over multiple yearly follow up visits.

Results

Neurofilament light chain concentrations were lowest in controls. Elevated baseline neurofilament light chain predicted faster worsening in clinical severity, frontotemporal volume and frontotemporal fractional anisotropy in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia. High total tau similarly predicted faster progression in nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia. In behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, higher phosphorylated tau181predicted faster clinical progression whereas lower amyloid beta1‐42predicted faster volumetric and fractional anisotropy reduction. Neurofilament light chain and phosphorylated tau181were of greater predictive value in patients with tau pathology as compared toTDP‐43 pathology. Baseline neurofilament light chain correlated with baseline clinical severity and frontotemporal volume in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Baseline total tau correlated with baseline clinical severity in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia.

Interpretation

High cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain predicts more aggressive disease in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia. Total tau, phosphorylated tau181, and amyloid beta1‐42also predict some measures of disease aggressiveness in frontotemporal dementia.
Efficiently Controlling the 3D Thermal Conductivity of a Polymer Nanocomposite via a Hyperelastic Double‐Continuous Network of Graphene and Sponge
Authors: Qin Mengmeng , Xu Yuxiao , Cao Rong , Feng Wei , Chen Li
Published: September 2018

Graphene‐reinforced polymer composites with high thermal conductivity show attractive prospects as thermal transfer materials in many applications such as intelligent robotic skin. However, for the most reported composites, precise control of the thermal conductivity is not easily achieved, and the improvement efficiency is usually low. To effectively control the 3D thermal conductivity of graphene‐reinforced polymer nanocomposites, a hyperelastic double‐continuous network of graphene and sponge is developed. The structure (orientation, density) and thermal conductivity (in‐plane, cross‐plane) of the resulting composites can be effectively controlled by adjusting the preparation and deformation parameters (unidirectional, multidirectional) of the network. Based on the experimental and theoretical simulation results, the thermal conduction mechanism is summarized as a two‐stage transmission of phonons. The in‐plane thermal conductivity increases from 0.175 to 1.68 W m−1 K−1 when the directional compression ratio increases from 0% to 95%, and the corresponding enhancement efficiency exceeds 300. The 3D thermal conductivity reaches a maximum of 2.19 W m−1 K−1 when the compression ratio is 70% in three directions, and the graphene content is 4.82 wt%. Moreover, the thermal conduction network can be largely prepared by power‐driven roller equipment, making the composite an ideal candidate for sensitive robotic skin for temperature detection.
Aminopeptidase‐N‐activated Theranostic Prodrug for NIR Tracking of Local Tumor Chemotherapy
Authors: Xiao Ming , Sun Wen , Fan Jiangli , Cao Jianfang , Li Yueqing , Shao Kun , Li Miao , Li Xiaojing , Kang Yao , Zhang Wendi , Long Saran , Du Jianjun , Peng Xiaojun
Published: September 2018

The development of molecular theranostic prodrugs for in vivo cancer diagnosis and targeted chemotherapy is urgently required. Enzyme‐activated prodrugs display superior selectivity as a result of cancer‐specific enzymes which serve as cancer biomarkers. Herein, an aminopeptidase N (APN)‐activated theranostic prodrug Nile blue‐C6‐amide‐p‐fluorophenylalanyl‐l‐melphalanyl (NBFMel) is reported for fluorescence cancer diagnosis and local tumor treatment. NBFMel demonstrates negligible cytotoxicity and very weak fluorescence due to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between melphalan and Nile blue fluorophore. After activation caused by APN, the prodrug releases free melphalan that inhibits tumor cell growth. Simultaneously, the reaction blocks the PET process and switches on the fluorescence, which can be used for cancer diagnosis. NBFMel is successfully utilized to report the presence of tumor and for in situ tracking of drug release in tumor‐bearing mouse models. Moreover, NBFMel demonstrates efficient tumor inhibition when intravenously injected into mice. Therefore, the APN‐activated theranostic prodrug provides a new platform for in vivo cancer diagnosis and targeted anticancer chemotherapy.
The Biomedical Use of Silk: Past, Present, Future
Authors: Holland Chris , Numata Keiji , Rnjak‐Kovacina Jelena , Seib F. Philipp
Published: September 2018

Humans have long appreciated silk for its lustrous appeal and remarkable physical properties, yet as the mysteries of silk are unraveled, it becomes clear that this outstanding biopolymer is more than a high‐tech fiber. This progress report provides a critical but detailed insight into the biomedical use of silk. This journey begins with a historical perspective of silk and its uses, including the long‐standing desire to reverse engineer silk. Selected silk structure–function relationships are then examined to appreciate past and current silk challenges. From this, biocompatibility and biodegradation are reviewed with a specific focus of silk performance in humans. The current clinical uses of silk (e.g., sutures, surgical meshes, and fabrics) are discussed, as well as clinical trials (e.g., wound healing, tissue engineering) and emerging biomedical applications of silk across selected formats, such as silk solution, films, scaffolds, electrospun materials, hydrogels, and particles. The journey finishes with a look at the roadmap of next‐generation recombinant silks, especially the development pipeline of this new industry for clinical use.
Dissipative Self‐Assembly of Anisotropic Nanoparticle Chains with Combined Electrodynamic and Electrostatic Interactions
Authors: Nan Fan , Han Fei , Scherer Norbert F. , Yan Zijie
Published: September 2018

Dissipative self‐assembly of colloidal nanoparticles offers the prospect of creating reconfigurable artificial materials and systems, yet the phenomenon only occurs far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Therefore, it is usually difficult to predict and control. Here, a dissipative colloidal solution system, where anisotropic chains with different interparticle separations in two perpendicular directions transiently arise among largely disordered silver nanoparticles illuminated by a laser beam, is reported. The optical field creates a nonequilibrium dissipative state, where a disorder‐to‐order transition occurs driven by anisotropic electrodynamic interactions coupled with electrostatic interactions. Investigation of the temporal dynamics and spatial arrangements of the nanoparticle system shows that the optical binding strength and entropy of the system are two crucial parameters for the formation of the anisotropic chains and responsible for adaptive behaviors, such as self‐replication of dimer units. Formation of anisotropic nanoparticle chains is also observed among colloidal nanoparticles made from other metal (e.g., Au), polymer (e.g., polystyrene), ceramic (e.g., CeO2), and hybrid materials (e.g., SiO2@Au core–shell), suggesting that light‐driven self‐organization will provide a wide range of opportunities to discover new dissipative structures under thermal fluctuations and build novel anisotropic materials with nanoscale order.
Stretchable Structural Color Filters Based on a Metal–Insulator–Metal Structure
Authors: Ordinario David D. , Jinno Hiroaki , Nayeem Md Osman Goni , Tachibana Yutaro , Yokota Tomoyuki , Someya Takao
Published: September 2018

Color filters play a big role in a large number of modern technologies such as displays, sensors, and photovoltaics. In particular, structural color filters possess a number of advantages like high tolerance to heat, resistance to photodegradation, and long‐term stability that make them a promising choice for potential future optics‐based applications. In the field of flexible electronics, there are many sensors either reliant on optical phenomena or containing simple optical elements that are demonstrably flexible enough to adhere to uneven, deformable surfaces. Such devices require any integrated components to have similar or better mechanical properties. Here, ultrathin, stretchable, and flexible structural color filters based on a simple metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structure are investigated. The filters are fabricated on 1.3 µm ultrathin substrates, feature a minimum bending radius of 5 µm, and can be made to transmit any color in the visible range. Similar levels of performance to existing freestanding flexible color filters are maintained, with transmission degradation of no more than 2% after 1000 stretching or bending cycles. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating color filters possessing mechanical properties compatible with current state‐of‐the‐art flexible and/or wearable technologies.
Visible Light‐Induced Aerobic Oxidative −H Arylation of Glycine Derivatives
Authors: Li Shilin , Yang Xiaorong , Wang Yunwei , Zhou Huang , Zhang Boyang , Huang Ganxing , Zhang Yuan , Li Ying
Published: September 2018

A direct aerobic oxidative dehydrogenative coupling reaction of glycine derivatives with electron‐rich arenes has been accomplished via the synergistic combination of organic‐dye mediated photoredox catalysis and Lewis acid catalysis. This process exhibits good tolerance of functional groups and provides rapid synthesis of arylglycine derivatives at room temperature under an air atmosphere. Moreover, this protocol could be performed on a 10 mmol scale, without obvious reduction of the yield.

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A Simple Aliphatic Diamine Auxiliary for Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Unactivated β‐C(sp3)‐H Bonds
Authors: Lou Jiang , Wang Quannan , He Yuan , Yu Zhengkun
Published: September 2018

Palladium‐catalyzed β‐C(sp3)‐H arylation of aliphatic acid derivatives was achieved by means of 2‐dimethylaminoethylamine auxiliary as a directing group. The β‐C(sp3)‐H arylation reactions with aryl and heteroaryl iodides efficiently afforded the corresponding arylated hydrocinnamic acid derivatives. Direct β‐C(sp3)‐H alkynylation, and arene C−H arylation and alkynylation were also realized under the same or slightly modified conditions. The aliphatic diamine auxiliary in the products could be readily removed by methanol in the presence of BF3 ⋅ OEt2. In comparison with the widely used bidentate nitrogen‐containing directing groups, 2‐dimethylaminoethylamine is a simple, cheap, readily available and removable, and atom‐economical directing group for C−H functionalization.

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Enhancement of Conductivity and Thermoelectric Property of PEDOT:PSS via Acid Doping and Single Post‐Treatment for Flexible Power Generator
Authors: Wang Chen , Sun Kuan , Fu Jiehao , Chen Rui , Li Meng , Zang Zhigang , Liu Xixia , Li Bichen , Gong Hao , Ouyang Jianyong
Published: September 2018

Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a promising thermoelectric (TE) material. Nonetheless, its practical application is hindered by the poor TE properties of the pristine PEDOT:PSS and complicated treatment procedures. Enhancing its electrical conductivity is a key step for the improvement of TE properties. Here, a simple method is introduced to enhance the conductivity by adding sulfonic acid into the PEDOT:PSS solution. A systematic study of representative sulfonic acids with various functional groups suggests that steric effect induced by the functional groups has remarkable impact on the conductivity. The highest conductivity of 1996 S cm−1 is observed in benzenesulfonic acid‐doped PEDOT:PSS films. The doped PEDOT:PSS films are further treated with dimethyl sulfoxide and hydrazine successively or synchronously to tune the oxidation level. A maximum power factor (PF) of 203.1 µW m−1 K−2 is obtained. The high PF of treated PEDOT:PSS allows the realization of a flexible thermoelectric generator, which can generate 4.6 mV thermovoltage when attached on human skin. It also shows a good linear response with the increase of temperature difference; thus, it can be potentially used as a flexible thermal sensor. The facile fabrication process and good TE performance provide PEDOT:PSS an opportunity in wearable electronics.
Fracture Properties of Graphene‐Coated Silicon for Photovoltaics
Authors: Javvaji Brahmanandam , Budarapu Pattabhi Ramaiah , Paggi Marco , Zhuang Xiaoying , Rabczuk Timon
Published: September 2018

The possibility of replacing the conductive gridline deposited on solar cells by highly electrically conductive graphene is opening new perspectives for the future generation of photovoltaics. Besides enhanced electric performance, graphene can also have a role in the resistance of silicon against cracking. Here, the influence of depositing graphene on the silicon surface, on the fracture properties of silicon, is investigated. To pin‐point the influence of graphene, fracture properties estimated from molecular dynamics simulations of three different cases in uniaxial tension are compared. In the first case, the fracture properties of silicon alone are estimated in relation to different initial defect sizes. Second, the same simulations are repeated by depositing graphene on the silicon surface. Atomic interactions in the composite structure are modeled using the combined adaptive inter‐molecular reactive empirical bond order (AIREBO) and Tersoff potential functions. Improvement of about 780% in the Young's modulus of silicon is achieved after coating with graphene. Furthermore, to study the influence of realistic initial defects in graphene, a third set of simulations is considered by repeating the previous tests but with initial cracks through graphene and silicon. Predictions show that graphene can be highly beneficial in strengthening and repairing micro‐cracked silicon to decrease electrical power losses caused by cracks.
Highly Improved Switching Properties in Flexible Aluminum Oxide Resistive Memories Based on a Multilayer Device Structure
Authors: Jang Jingon , Choi Han‐Hyeong , Paik Sung Hoon , Kim Jai Kyeong , Chung Seungjun , Park Jong Hyuk
Published: September 2018

Multilayer aluminum oxide (Al2O3) resistive memory devices, exhibiting robust switching properties fabricated on a flexible polyethylene naphthalate substrate using only physical vapor deposition methods at room temperature, are reported here. Improved reliability and robust switching properties of the multilayer Al2O3 memory devices are observed compared to those of the single‐layer devices, with the assistance of a guide filament formed in the bottom Al2O3 resistive layer. The multilayer Al2O3 resistive memory devices exhibit nonvolatile and bipolar resistive switching properties with high ON/OFF ratio (>104), DC sweep endurance cycles (>700), statistical uniformity, and retention times (2 × 104 s). The role of the guide filament in the multilayer structure is identified in the non‐rewritable properties of the bottom layer device, increased reset current values, and spatial temperature distribution simulation. Thus, the formation sites of the switchable filament in the top Al2O3 layer can be specified by the guide filament, resulting in remarkable improvement of reproducibility with more robust metallic percolation paths. The reliable resistive switching properties in flexible conditions is also evaluated in a bent radius of 10 mm, and the suggested flexible multilayer memory devices can provide promising strategies to be utilized in future practical storage media.
Polyoxometalates‐Modulated Reduced Graphene Oxide Flash Memory with Ambipolar Trapping as Bidirectional Artificial Synapse
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Pan Jingyi , Fu Jingjing , Zhu Xin , Zhang Chen , Zhou Li , Wang Yan , Lv Ziyu , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting
Published: September 2018

Employing flash memories that function as the analogue synapse cleft for implementation of neural systems is a popular approach. For practical application in synapse mimicking, ambipolar trapping of both holes and electrons enables the weight updated linearity, symmetric conductivity variation, and desired variation margin, which are consistent with biological synapse. Nevertheless, most of the flash memory exhibits unipolar charge trapping behavior. Here, the first polyoxometalates (POMs)‐modulated reduced graphene oxide (RGO)‐based flash memory with ambipolar charge trapping characteristics is reported. Keggin type [PW12O40]3− (PW) is selected to function as both catalyst for in situ photoreduction of the graphene oxide (GO) into RGO under UV illumination and electron trapping sites. The electrons accepting property of PW induces energy level realignment between the PW/RGO interface and the subsequent ambipolar charge trapping. Furthermore, the selected features of biological synaptic behavior, including short‐term plasticity and long‐term plasticity as well as paired pulse facilitation and depression, are mimicked. It is worth noting that almost symmetrical potentiation and depression synaptic behavior is obtained. This work provides new opportunities to realize reconfigurable characteristics of electronic devices via engineering of POMs, which is significantly meaningful to emerging artificial intelligence.
Fused‐Ring Nonfullerene Acceptor Forming Interpenetrating J‐Architecture for Fullerene‐Free Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Yan Dong , Liu Wenxu , Yao Jiannian , Zhan Chuanlang
Published: September 2018

An interesting and important question emerges with the rapid advances of the highly efficient fused‐ring nonfullerene acceptors; that is, how the acceptor molecules form aggregates in its blended film with a donor polymer/small molecule so as to offer highly efficient exciton diffusion and electron transport? To answer this question, a new acceptor molecule, 3,9‐bis(5‐methylene‐4‐one‐6‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐cyclopenta[c]thiophen‐2,8‐dimethyl)‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐n‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene (ITCT‐DM), is designed and synthesized herein and its unique interpenetrating J‐architecture is presented in which the acceptor molecules form compacted and displaced ππ‐stacks with the distances of 3.1−4.2 Ǻ. Again the crystal structure data are correlated with the grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD) data of the pure acceptor and its polymer:acceptor blended films, which gives a clearer picture about the origins of the acceptor's GIXRD signals in both the pure and its blended films. Again, these results unveil the key roles of the uses of 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) and thermal annealing treatment in optimizing the acceptor phase morphologies in the donor:acceptor blended film, and the combination of the thermal annealing and DIO treatment leads to obtain higher crystallinity for both the donor and acceptor phases, more compacted packing, and finer morphologies. A power conversion efficiency of 10.5% is obtained.