bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wacana Kapitalisme Dalam Penyelenggaraan Halal Expo Japan
Authors: Sari Yulia , Fitriana Rina , Susanti Helen
Published: June 2022

Abstrak Penelitian ini membahas mengenai wacana kapitalisme dalam penyelenggaraan Halal Expo Japan, khususnya tahun 2016 dan 2017. Tema ini dipilih karena penulis melihat dalam penyelenggarannya, Halal Expo Japan menjadi media kapitalisme bagi Jepang. Penulis menggunakan konsep kapitalisme Karl Marx untuk menganalisis kapitalisme dalam penyelenggaraan Halal Expo Japan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dan teknik penelitian studi pustaka dengan  data  yang diperoleh  dari  laman  web  Halal  Expo Japan  yaitu www.halalexpo.jp, pemberitaan dari co-organizer dan media partner resmi Halal Expo Japan, Halal Media Japan Co. Ltd. dari laman web www.halalmedia.jp serta buku-buku teks, artikel dan publikasi elektronik yang ada hubungannya dengan Halal Expo Japan serta teori kapitalisme dan teori kekuasaan. Hasilnya menunjukkan meskipun terdapat banyak konten acara dalam Halal Expo Japan namun bila dicermati secara lebih mendalam dan kritis dapat terlihat baik konten- konten dalam laman web maupun Post Report Show lebih berfokus mengenai pameran, seminar serta fashion show, yang merupakan produk dari kapitalisme. Adanya peluang yang besar dalam industri halal, para kapitalis atau pemegang modal di Jepang memanfaatkannya untuk mengembangkan produk halal sebagai sumber pemasukan bagi Jepang.Kata  Kunci:  Halal  Expo  Japan,  Industri  Halal,  Kekuasaan,  Kapitalisme, Kapitalis
Analisis Ijime Dalam Film Kidzudarake No Akuma
Authors: Rahmajati Ade Aulia , Fitriana Rina , Mugiyanti Mugiyanti
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini membahas ijime dalam film Kidzudarake no Akuma. Film ini menceritakan tentang seorang siswi pindahan dari kota, Kasai Mai yang mengalami tindakan ijime yang dilakukan oleh Yuria ketua geng di kelasnya. Tetapi selain mendapat ijime dari Yuria dia juga mendapat ijime dari Odagiri Shino. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk ijime serta sikap tokoh utama dalam Film Kidzudarake no Akuma saat mengalami tindakan ijime. Berdasarkan penelitian ini penulis menemukan kekerasan fisik, kekerasan verbal, dan cyberbullying yang dialami oleh Kasai Mai dan Odagiri Shino.
Pachinko Sebagai Bentuk Konsumerisme Pada Masyarakat Jepang
Authors: Handayani Wuri , Fitriana Rina , Rahmawati Yelni
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pachinko sebagai bentuk konsumerisme masyarakat Jepang. Tema ini dipilih karena banyaknya permainan pachinko di Jepang, yang membuat masyarakat Jepang menjadi terobesi terhadap permainan pachinko serta banyak menghabiskan uang mereka untuk permainan pachinko. Karena hal tersebut membuat masyarakat Jepang lebih konsumtif dan terjerumus kedalam bentuk konsumerisme. Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan dalam menyusun karya tulis ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dan penelitian studi pustaka Peneliti menggunakan metode telaah pustaka yaitu kajian kepustakaan (study litelature). Hasil dari penelitian ini, banyak dari masyarakat Jepang yang rela menghabisakan banyak uang untuk bermain Pachinko.
Konsep Keindahan Wabi Sabi Dalam Puisi Karya Nakahara Chuuya
Authors: Muthmainnah Endah , Mugiyanti Mugiyanti , Rukhyana Budi
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini akan menganalisis dua buah puisi karya Nakahara Chuuya yang berjudul  kita no umi, dan tsukiyou no hamabe. Konsep keindahan dakan dianalisis dengan menggunakan konsep Wabi Sabi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan studi pustaka  Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ketiga puisi karya Nakahara Chuuya memiliki enam ciri konsep keindahan Wabi Sabi yaitu Kanashiku, Shitsui, Sabu, samu, sabishiki (futanoshiki)), Irosokukū no sekai), Mazushiku, dan Mazushisa wo yutaka to nashi.
Gangguan Kepribadian Psikopatik Tokoh Utama Dalam Film Kokuhaku
Authors: Rahmawati Ratih , Rukhyana Budi , Mugiyanti Mugiyanti
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT: This research discusses the psychopathic personality disorder of the main character in the film Kokuhaku. This study aims to determine the psychopathic personality traits in the main character according to the theory of Robert D. Hare. The object of this research is the psychopathic personality disorder in the main character. The source of income data is obtained from the Kokuhaku film using the library research technique in the Kokuhaku film. This research draws references from supporting books, such as literature studies, fiction studies, personality psychology, and the internet.
PERTARUNGAN WACANA PEMERINTAH DAN PUBLIK TENTANG PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Nursatyo Nursatyo , Humaini Humaini
Published: June 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic around the world has caused various problems, especially in the health and economic sectors. Various efforts have been made by the government to overcome the impact of Covid-19. One of the government's efforts is to carry out various public communication strategies to influence public discourse and behavior in order to avoid the virus. However, the government's efforts to construct public discourse must deal with other discourses that are sourced from information spread on the internet. This article seeks to understand the construction of government discourse and other discourses by using secondary data from internet. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the discourse constructed by the government in an effort to deal with the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic is that there is always a middle way between health interests and economic interests. People must remain productive at work while maintaining health. Meanwhile, another public discourse that has also developed is that Covid-19 is a form of global conspiracy that aims to destabilize the world economy.
Sistem Informasi Akuntasi Ketetapan Pajak Di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Jombang
Authors: Safarotul Khusna Lia , Agustina Rachma
Published: June 2022

Tujuan dari penulisan laporan adalah untuk mengetahui efek system informasi akuntasi terhadap ketetapan pajak di KPP Pratama Jombang Tebuireng. Hasil estimasi yang diperoleh dari koefisien regresi variabel system informasi akuntasi perpajakan (SIAP) sebesar 0,025 yang berarti variabel SIAP berpengaruh posistif dan signifikan terhadap ketetapan pajak. Hal ini terlihat dari uji-t yang memiliki nilai probabilita yang lebih besar dibandingkan tingkat signifikansi 5%.Keywords: Pajak, Akuntansi
Salt and Pepper Noise Removal Method Based on the Edge-Adaptive Total Variation Model
Authors: Jiang Yunyun , Wang Hefei , Cai Yi , Fu Bo
Published: June 2022

The traditional median filter can handle the image salt and pepper noise better. However, when the noise intensity is large, it is often necessary to enlarge the filter window to ensure the denoising effect, but the enlarged window may also cause excessive smoothing of the image, loss of texture details, and blurred edges. In view of the strong edge preservation characteristics of variational model denoising, we propose a salt and pepper noise removal method based on the edge-adaptive total variational model. Firstly, the image is segmented into edge regions and non-edge regions by edge detection operators. Secondly, the salt and pepper noise of the image is processed using the median filter and adaptive total variation model, respectively. Lastly, the non-edge regions processed by the median filter and the edge regions processed by the adaptive total variation model are extracted for splicing. The experimental results show that the method cannot only effectively remove salt and pepper noise, but also effectively protect the main edge details of the image.
Colostrum Management: Keys to Optimizing Output and Uptake of Immunoglobulin G
Authors: Erickson Peter S.
Published: June 2022

Colostrum is essential for the health and wellbeing of dairy cattle. This review provides insight into different means of augmenting or enhancing colostrum quality including colostrum feeding, dry cow management, prepartum cow diets, freezing, pasteurization, colostrum additives, and colostrum replacers. Other components in colostrum such as maternal cells and their importance are discussed. New research is needed regarding the components in colostrum (bioactive peptides and growth factors) and their effects on the neonate. Colostrum replacers and a prediction equation to estimate colostrum quality are reviewed.
Autophagy-Related Pathways in Vesicular Unconventional Protein Secretion
Authors: Noh Shin Hye , Kim Ye Jin , Lee Min Goo
Published: June 2022

Cellular proteins directed to the plasma membrane or released into the extracellular space can undergo a number of different pathways. Whereas the molecular mechanisms that underlie conventional ER-to-Golgi trafficking are well established, those associated with the unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathways remain largely elusive. A pathway with an emerging role in UPS is autophagy. Although originally known as a degradative process for maintaining intracellular homeostasis, recent studies suggest that autophagy has diverse biological roles besides its disposal function and that it is mechanistically involved in the UPS of various secretory cargos including both leaderless soluble and Golgi-bypassing transmembrane proteins. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the autophagy-related UPS pathways, describing and comparing diverse features in the autophagy-related UPS cargos and autophagy machineries utilized in UPS. Additionally, we also suggest potential directions that further research in this field can take.
Multi-Scale Process Monitoring Based on Time-Frequency Analysis and Feature Fusion
Authors: Ji Cheng , Tao Tingting , Wang Jingde , Sun Wei
Published: June 2022

Data-driven process monitoring is an important tool to ensure safe production and smooth operation. Generally, implicit information can be mined through data processing and analysis algorithms to detect process disturbances on the basis of historical production data. In industrial practice, signals with different sources of disturbance show different distribution patterns along with the time domain and frequency domain, that is, noise and pulse-type changes are usually contained in the high-frequency portion while most process dynamic is contained in the low-frequency portion. However, feature extraction is usually implemented at a single scale in traditional multivariate statistical algorithms. With this concern, a novel multi-scale process monitoring method is proposed in this work, by which wavelet packet decomposition is first employed for time-frequency analysis. After decomposition, multivariate statistical models are established for each scale to construct process statistics. For the high-frequency part, the classical principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm is adopted to construct squared prediction error (SPE) and Hotelling T2(T2) statistics. While for the low-frequency part, the slow feature analysis (SFA) algorithm is adopted to construct T2, Te2, S2  and Se2 statistics for the extraction of the long-term slowly changing trend. Then the monitoring statistics, obtained from each method at different scales, are integrated by a support vector data description (SVDD) method to give a final fault detection decision. The performance of the proposed method is verified on the benchmark Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP) and an industrial continuous catalytic reforming heat exchange unit by comparing with related multivariate statistical methods, which only focus on a single scale.
Ten-Gram-Scale Mechanochemical Synthesis of Ternary Lanthanum Coordination Polymers for Antibacterial and Antitumor Activities
Authors: Zhang Liying , Shi Haoran , Tan Xiao , Jiang Zhenqi , Wang Ping , Qin Jieling
Published: June 2022

As rare-earth coordination polymers (CPs) have appreciable antimicrobial properties, ternary lanthanum CPs have been widely synthesized and investigated in recent years. Here, we report convenient, solvent-free reactions between the lanthanum salt and two ligands at mild temperatures that form ternary lanthanum nanoscale CPs with 10-gram-scale. The structural features and morphologies were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and analyzer, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyzer (TG-DTA). Furthermore, the in vitro antibacterial activities of these ternary hybrids were studied using the zone of inhibition (ZOI) method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) and were found to have excellent antibacterial properties. The in vitro antitumor activities were performed in determining the absorbance values by CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) assay. This facile synthetic method would potentially enable the mass production of ternary lanthanum CPs at room temperature, which can be promising candidates as antibacterial compounds and antitumor agents.
Advanced Polymeric Nanoagents for Oral Cancer Theranostics: A Mini Review
Authors: Zhang Guan-Meng , Nie Shao-Chen , Xu Zhao-Yuan , Fan Ya-Ru , Jiao Mai-Ning , Miao He-Jing , Liang Su-Xia , Yan Ying-Bin
Published: June 2022

Oral cancer is one of the most common tumours in the world threatening human life and health. The 5-years survival rate of patients with oral cancer has not been improved significantly for many years. The existing clinical diagnostic methods rarely achieve early diagnosis due to deficiencies such as lack of sensitivity. Most of the patients have progressed to the advanced stages when oral cancer is detected. Unfortunately, the traditional treatment methods are usually ineffective at this stage. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective and precise techniques for early diagnosis and effective treatment of oral cancer. In recent decades, nanomedicine has been a novel diagnostic and therapeutic platform for various diseases, especially cancer. The synthesis and application of various nanoagents have emerged at the right moment. Among them, polymer nanoagents have unique advantages, such as good stability, high biosafety and high drug loading, showing great potential in the early accurate diagnosis and treatment of tumours. In this review, we focus on the application of advanced polymeric nanoagents in both the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer. Then, the future therapy strategies and trends for polymeric nanoagents applied to oral cancer are discussed, with the hope that more advanced nanomedical technology will be applied to oral cancer research and promote the development of stomatology.
Apatites Record Sedimentary Provenance Change 4–5 Myrs Before Clay in the Oligocene/Miocene Alpine Molasse
Authors: Hülscher Julian , Sobel Edward R. , Kallnik Niklas , Hoffmann J. Elis , Millar Ian L. , Hartmann Kai , Bernhardt Anne
Published: June 2022

Extracting information about past tectonic or climatic environmental changes from sedimentary records is a key objective of provenance research. Interpreting the imprint of such changes remains challenging as signals might be altered in the sediment-routing system. We investigate the sedimentary provenance of the Oligocene/Miocene Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin and its response to the tectonically driven exhumation of the Tauern Window metamorphic dome (28 ± 1 Ma) in the Eastern European Alps by using the unprecedented combination of Nd isotopic composition of bulk-rock clay-sized samples and partly previously published multi-proxy (Nd isotopic composition, trace-element geochemistry, U-Pb dating) sand-sized apatite single-grain analysis. The basin offers an excellent opportunity to investigate environmental signal propagation into the sedimentary record because comprehensive stratigraphic and seismic datasets can be combined with present research results. The bulk-rock clay-sized fraction εNd values of well-cutting samples from one well on the northern basin slope remained stable at ∼−9.7 from 27 to 19 Ma but increased after 19 Ma to ∼−9.1. In contrast, apatite single-grain distributions, which were extracted from 22 drill-core samples, changed significantly around 23.3 Ma from apatites dominantly from low-grade (<upper amphibolite-facies) metamorphic sources with Permo-Mesozoic and late Variscan U-Pb ages and εNd values of −4.4 to dominantly high-grade metamorphic apatites with late Variscan U-Pb ages and εNd values of −2.2. The change in apatite single-grain distributions at 23.3 Ma is interpreted to result from the exposure of a new Upper Austroalpine source nappe with less negative εNd values triggered by the ongoing Tauern Window exhumation. Combining these data with the clay-sized bulk-rock εNd values reveals that the provenance changed 4–5 Myrs later at 19 Ma in the clay-sized fraction. Reasons for the delayed provenance-change recording are rooted in the characteristics of the applied methods. Whereas single-grain distributions of orogen-wide sediment-routing systems can be dominated by geographically small areas with high erosion and mineral fertility rates, bulk-rock methods integrate over the entire drainage basin, thus diminishing extreme values. Hence, by combining these two methods, spatial information are uncovered, enabling a previously unattained understanding of the underlying environmental change.
Admission Blood Glucose and 2-Year Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Different Glucose Metabolism Status: A Prospective, Nationwide, and Multicenter Registry
Authors: Cui Kongyong , Fu Rui , Yang Jingang , Xu Haiyan , Yin Dong , Song Weihua , Wang Hongjian , Zhu Chenggang , Feng Lei , Wang Zhifang , Wang Qingsheng , Lu Ye , Dou Kefei , Yang Yuejin
Published: June 2022

Background

The prognostic effect of admission blood glucose (ABG) for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has not been well validated, especially in patients with diabetes. We performed this study to assess the predictive value of ABG for all-cause mortality in AMI patients with different glucose metabolism status.

Methods

We evaluated a total of 6,892 AMI patients from the prospective, nationwide, multicenter CAMI registry, of which 2,820 had diabetes, 2,011 had pre-diabetes, and 2,061 had normal glucose regulation (NGR). Patients were divided into high ABG and low ABG groups according to the optimal cutoff values of ABG to predict 2-year mortality for patients with diabetes, pre-diabetes and NGR, respectively. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality.

Results

The optimal cutoff values of ABG for predicting 2-year mortality was 9.0mmol/l, 7.2mmol/l and 6.2mmol/l for patients with diabetes, pre-diabetes and NGR, respectively. Overall, the risk of all-cause mortality in high ABG group was significantly increased compared with that in low ABG group among patients with diabetes (15.2% vs. 8.9%; hazard ratio [HR] 1.787, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.413-2.260; P<0.0001), pre-diabetes (12.1% vs. 6.1%; HR 2.069, 95%CI 1.518-2.821; P<0.0001) and NGR (11.8% vs. 6.1%; HR 2.009, 95%CI 1.473-2.740; P<0.0001). After the potential confounders were adjusted, high ABG was significantly associated with higher risk of 2-year mortality in patients with diabetes (adjusted HR 1.710, 95%CI 1.327-2.203; P<0.0001), pre-diabetes (adjusted HR 1.731, 95%CI 1.249-2.399; P=0.001) and NGR (adjusted HR 1.529, 95%CI 1.110-2.106; P=0.009). Moreover, adding ABG to the original model led to a slight albeit significant improvement in C-statistic and net reclassification in patients with diabetes and NGR (all P<0.05).

Conclusions

This study is the first to demonstrate a strong positive association between ABG and 2-year mortality in AMI patients with diabetes, pre-diabetes and NGR. ABG should be considered as a useful marker for risk stratification in patients with diabetes and NGR. Further randomized trials are warranted to investigate the effects of blood glucose control on the reduction of long-term mortality according to the corresponding ABG thresholds for different glucose metabolism status.

Clinical Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01874691.
Sustainable Development of Enterprises in Conditions of Smart Ecology: Analysis of The Main Problems and Development of Ways to Solve Them, Based on Artificial Intelligence Methods and Innovative Technologies
Authors: Skiter Natalia N. , Rogachev Aleksey F. , Ketko Nataliya V. , Simonov Aleksey B. , Tarasova Irina A.
Published: June 2022

Relevance: Currently, the sustainability and profitability of any company is directly related to its interaction with the environment. In the 20th century it was believed that stable development is impossible, if the company focuses its production on the preservation and protection of the environment. Since the second half of the 20th century, ideas have been increasingly heard that sustainable economic development cannot be achieved at the expense of the predatory depletion of natural resources. The environmental agenda plays an important role in the ESG principles, largely formulated by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, reflected in Sustainable Development Goals 12–15, reflected in Resolution 70/1 - Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Companies such as Tesla Motors, called “green giants”, have proven by their experience and development dynamics that in today’s environment a business that does not have a negative impact on the environment can be profitable and successful. Thus, modern trends in the development of the world economy determine the relevance of the present study, aimed at studying the new conditions of economic activity by enterprises - the conditions of smart ecology and development of recommendations for the effective transformation of enterprises under these conditions. The purpose of this study is to analyze and identify the main problems of sustainable development of enterprises in terms of preservation and protection of the environment - “smart ecology”, and based on the formulated problems the authors have developed ways to overcome them. The subject of the study are managerial and other relationships arising during the implementation of innovative Smart projects by enterprises.

Methods: In the process of analyzing the problems and developing ways to overcome them and the transition of enterprises to the conditions of smart ecology, the authors used methods of system analysis, methods of statistical analysis, methods of artificial intelligence.

Results: The conducted analysis shows that in modern conditions of development of innovative technologies in Russia there is no unified approach to the process of effective management of breakthrough development projects. The analysis proposed the concept of SMART ecology and showed its importance for understanding the processes taking place in the modern world. Factors influencing the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative smart ecology projects have been identified. Methods that can be used during the implementation of these projects were proposed.
Energy Transition and Regional Heterogeneity of Environmental Taxation in China: From the Perspective of Emission Reduction Effects
Authors: Xu Yudan , Chen Pinghua
Published: June 2022

Environmental taxation is a formal environmental regulation policy formed by government intervention. It is generally believed that the imposition of environmental taxation can effectively promote economic agents to reduce pollutant emissions. Thus, based on panel data from 30 provincial-level administrative regions in China, this paper examines the pollution reduction effects and regional heterogeneity of environmental taxes on three major pollutants. It is found that the current environmental taxation in China can promote the emission reduction of ammonia nitrogen, and sulfur dioxide to a certain extent, but the effect on chemical oxygen demand is not outstanding. From the results of the regional heterogeneity test, there are differences in the effect of environmental taxation on the reduction of major pollutants in each region. The current environmental tax policy has a relatively strong effect on emission reduction in the western region with little effect in the eastern and central regions. Therefore, to better utilize the policy, this paper suggests adjusting the environmental tax levy standard according to local conditions and strictly levying environmental taxes and fees on various pollutants in terms of quantity.
Identification and Validation of a Five-Gene Diagnostic Signature for Preeclampsia
Authors: Liu Yu , Lu Xiumin , Zhang Yuhong , Liu Meimei
Published: June 2022

Preeclampsia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for mothers and newborns worldwide. Despite extensive efforts made to understand the underlying pathology of preeclampsia, there is still no clinically useful effective tool for the early diagnosis of preeclampsia. In this study, we conducted a retrospectively multicenter discover-validation study to develop and validate a novel biomarker for preeclampsia diagnosis. We identified 38 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in preeclampsia in a case-control study by analyzing expression profiles in the discovery cohort. We developed a 5-mRNA signature (termed PE5-signature) to diagnose preeclampsia from 38 DEGs using recursive feature elimination with a random forest supervised classification algorithm, including ENG, KRT80, CEBPA, RDH13 and WASH9P. The PE5-signature showed high accuracy in discriminating preeclampsia from controls with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve value (AUC) of 0.971, a sensitivity of 0.842 and a specificity of 0.950. The PE5-signature was then validated in an independent case-control study and achieved a reliable and robust predictive performance with an AUC of 0.929, a sensitivity of 0.696, and a specificity of 0.946. In summary, we have developed and validated a five-mRNA biomarker panel as a risk assessment tool to assist in the detection of preeclampsia. This gene panel has potential clinical value for early preeclampsia diagnosis and may help us better understand the precise mechanisms involved.
Kelp Forest Distribution in the Nordic Region
Authors: Kvile Kristina Ø. , Andersen Guri Sogn , Baden Susanne P. , Bekkby Trine , Bruhn Annette , Geertz-Hansen Ole , Hancke Kasper , Hansen Jørgen L. S. , Krause-Jensen Dorte , Rinde Eli , Steen Henning , Wegeberg Susse , Gundersen Hege
Published: June 2022

Kelp forests are productive coastal ecosystems that provide a range of ecosystem services. Mapping the distribution and area occupied by kelp forests is a critical step to identify their ecosystem functions and services, including their role in the carbon cycle, and to detect changes in their distribution. We compiled quantitative data of the dominant generaLaminariaandSaccharinaacross the Nordic region, allowing us to separate kelp forests (areas with dense or moderately dense kelp coverage) from occurrences of single or few individuals. By fitting boosted regression trees to the compiled data, we modelled and predicted the distribution of kelp forests across the Nordic region. Despite the large scale of the analyses, the models captured well the kelps’ environmental affinities and predicted the presence of kelp forests with high accuracy. Dense kelp forests are found along the rocky shores of all the Nordic countries, except in the brackish Baltic Sea, with largest areas in Norway, Greenland and Iceland. The results of this study set the scene for future studies on the importance of kelp forests in the Nordic region, including their contribution to the marine carbon budget.
Deep Learning-Based Pathology Image Analysis Enhances Magee Feature Correlation With Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score
Authors: Li Hongxiao , Wang Jigang , Li Zaibo , Dababneh Melad , Wang Fusheng , Zhao Peng , Smith Geoffrey H. , Teodoro George , Li Meijie , Kong Jun , Li Xiaoxian
Published: June 2022

Background

Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) has been widely used to predict chemotherapy benefits in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Studies showed that the features used in Magee equations correlate with RS. We aimed to examine whether deep learning (DL)-based histology image analyses can enhance such correlations.

Methods

We retrieved 382 cases with RS diagnosed between 2011 and 2015 from the Emory University and the Ohio State University. All patients received surgery. DL models were developed to detect nuclei of tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and segment tumor cell nuclei in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained histopathology whole slide images (WSIs). Based on the DL-based analysis, we derived image features from WSIs, such as tumor cell number, TIL number variance, and nuclear grades. The entire patient cohorts were divided into one training set (125 cases) and two validation sets (82 and 175 cases) based on the data sources and WSI resolutions. The training set was used to train the linear regression models to predict RS. For prediction performance comparison, we used independent variables from Magee features alone or the combination of WSI-derived image and Magee features.

Results

The Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the actual RS and predicted RS by DL-based analysis were 0.7058 (p-value = 1.32 × 10–13) and 0.5041 (p-value = 1.15 × 10–12) for the validation sets 1 and 2, respectively. The adjusted R2 values using Magee features alone are 0.3442 and 0.2167 in the two validation sets, respectively. In contrast, the adjusted R2 values were enhanced to 0.4431 and 0.2182 when WSI-derived imaging features were jointly used with Magee features.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that DL-based digital pathological features can enhance Magee feature correlation with RS.
A LytM-Domain Factor, ActS, Functions in Two Distinctive Peptidoglycan Hydrolytic Pathways in E. coli
Authors: Chodisetti Pavan Kumar , Bahadur Raj , Amrutha R. N. , Reddy Manjula
Published: June 2022

Bacterial cell wall contains peptidoglycan (PG) to protect the cells from turgor and environmental stress. PG consists of polymeric glycans cross-linked with each other by short peptide chains and forms an elastic mesh-like sacculus around the cytoplasmic membrane. Bacteria encode a plethora of PG hydrolytic enzymes of diverse specificity playing crucial roles in growth, division, or turnover of PG. In Escherichia coli, the cross-link-specific endopeptidases, MepS, -M, and -H, facilitate the enlargement of PG sacculus during cell elongation, whereas LytM-domain factors, EnvC and NlpD activate the division-specific amidases, AmiA, -B, and -C to facilitate the cell separation. In a screen to isolate additional factors involved in PG enlargement, we identified actS (encoding a LytM paralog, formerly ygeR) as its overexpression compensated the loss of elongation-specific endopeptidase, MepS. The overexpression of ActS resulted in the generation of partly denuded glycan strands in PG sacculi, indicating that ActS is either an amidase or an activator of amidase(s). The detailed genetic and biochemical analyses established that ActS is not a PG hydrolase, but an activator of the division-specific amidase, AmiC. However, interestingly, the suppression of the mepS growth defects by actS is not mediated through AmiC. The domain-deletion experiments confirmed the requirement of the N-terminal LysM domain of ActS for the activation of AmiC, but not for the alleviation of growth defects in mepS mutants, indicating that ActS performs two distinctive PG metabolic functions. Altogether our results suggest that in addition to activating the division-specific amidase, AmiC, ActS modulates yet another pathway that remains to be identified.
Solution Structure of Tubuliform Spidroin N-Terminal Domain and Implications for pH Dependent Dimerization
Authors: Šede Megija , Fridmanis Jēkabs , Otikovs Martins , Johansson Jan , Rising Anna , Kronqvist Nina , Jaudzems Kristaps
Published: June 2022

The spidroin N-terminal domain (NT) is responsible for high solubility and pH-dependent assembly of spider silk proteins during storage and fiber formation, respectively. It forms a monomeric five-helix bundle at neutral pH and dimerizes at lowered pH, thereby firmly interconnecting the spidroins. Mechanistic studies with the NTs from major ampullate, minor ampullate, and flagelliform spidroins (MaSp, MiSp, and FlSp) have shown that the pH dependency is conserved between different silk types, although the residues that mediate this process can differ. Here we study the tubuliform spidroin (TuSp) NT from Argiope argentata, which lacks several well conserved residues involved in the dimerization of other NTs. We solve its structure at low pH revealing an antiparallel dimer of two five-α-helix bundles, which contrasts with a previously determined Nephila antipodiana TuSp NT monomer structure. Further, we study a set of mutants and find that the residues participating in the protonation events during dimerization are different from MaSp and MiSp NT. Charge reversal of one of these residues (R117 in TuSp) results in significantly altered electrostatic interactions between monomer subunits. Altogether, the structure and mutant studies suggest that TuSp NT monomers assemble by elimination of intramolecular repulsive charge interactions, which could lead to slight tilting of α-helices.
Carving Up Participation: Sense-Making and Sociomorphing for Artificial Minds
Authors: Zebrowski Robin L. , McGraw Eli B.
Published: June 2022

AI (broadly speaking) as a discipline and practice has tended to misconstrue social cognition by failing to properly appreciate the role and structure of the interaction itself. Participatory Sense-Making (PSM) offers a new level of description in understanding the potential role of (particularly robotics-based) AGI in a social interaction process. Where it falls short in distinguishing genuine living sense-makers from potentially cognitive artificial systems, sociomorphing allows for gradations in how these potential systems are defined and incorporated into asymmetrical sociality. By side-stepping problems of anthropomorphism and muddy language around it, sociomorphing offers a framework and ontology that can help researchers make finer distinctions while studying social cognition through enactive sociality, PSM. We show here how PSM and sociomorphing, taken together and reconceived for more than just social robotics, can offer a robust framework for AGI robotics-based approaches.
Transcallosal and Corticospinal White Matter Disease and Its Association With Motor Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Yoon Keejin , Archer Derek B. , Clarke Margareta A. , Smith Seth A. , Oguz Ipek , Cutter Gary , Xu Junzhong , Bagnato Francesca
Published: June 2022

Purpose

In this cross-sectional, proof-of-concept study, we propose that using the more pathologically-specific neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) method, in conjunction with high-resolution probabilistic tractography, white matter tract templates can improve the assessment of regional axonal injury and its association with disability of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS).

Methods

Parametric maps of the neurite density index, orientation dispersion index, and the apparent isotropic volume fraction (IVF) were estimated in 18 pwMS and nine matched healthy controls (HCs). Tract-specific values were measured in transcallosal (TC) fibers from the paracentral lobules and TC and corticospinal fibers from the ventral and dorsal premotor areas, presupplementary and supplementary motor areas, and primary motor cortex. The nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test assessed group differences in the NODDI-derived metrics; the Spearman's rank correlation analyses measured associations between the NODDI metrics and other clinical or radiological variables.

Results

IVF values of the TC fiber bundles from the paracentral, presupplementary, and supplementary motor areas were both higher in pwMS than in HCs (p ≤ 0.045) and in pwMS with motor disability compared to those without motor disability (p ≤ 0.049). IVF in several TC tracts was associated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale score (p ≤ 0.047), while regional and overall lesion burden correlated with the Timed 25-Foot Walking Test (p ≤ 0.049).

Conclusion

IVF alterations are present in pwMS even when the other NODDI metrics are still mostly preserved. Changes in IVF are biologically non-specific and may not necessarily drive irreversible functional loss. However, by possibly preceding downstream pathologies that are strongly associated with disability accretion, IVF changes are indicators of, otherwise, occult prelesional tissue injury.
Long-Term Efficacy of Non-steroid Immunosuppressive Agents in Anti-Muscle-Specific Kinase Positive Myasthenia Gravis Patients: A Prospective Study
Authors: Tan Ying , Shi Jiayu , Huang Yangyu , Li Ke , Yan Jingwen , Zhu Li , Guan Yuzhou , Cui Liying
Published: June 2022

Background and Purpose

Anti-muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) positive myasthenia gravis (MG) is characterized by a high relapsing rate, thus, choosing the appropriate oral drug regimen is a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral immunosuppressants (IS) in preventing relapse in MuSK-MG.

Methods

This prospective cohort observational study included patients with MuSK-MG at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1, 2018, and November 15, 2021. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those with (IS+) or without (IS-) non-steroid immunosuppressive agents. The primary outcome was relapsed at follow-up, and the log-rank test was used to compare the proportion of maintenance-free relapse between the groups; hazard ratio (HR) was calculated using the Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Fifty-three of 59 patients with MuSK-MG were included in the cohort, 14 were in the IS+ group, and 39 were in the IS- group. Twenty-four cases in the cohort experienced relapse at least once; the relapse rate was 2/14 (14.3%) in the IS+ group and 22/39 (56.4%) in the IS- group. At the end of follow-up, the proportion of maintenance-free relapse was significantly different between the two groups (log-rank χ2 = 4.94, P = 0.02). Of all the potential confounders, only the use of IS was associated with a reduced risk of relapse. The HR for relapse among patients in the IS+ group was 0.21 (95%CI 0.05–0.58) and was 0.23 (95%CI 0.05–0.93) in a model adjusted for age, sex, relapse history, highest Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA), and accumulated time of steroid therapy.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence that oral non-steroid immunosuppressive agents may be beneficial in reducing relapse in patients with MuSK-MG.
Metabolic and Microbiome Alterations Following the Enrichment of a High-Fat Diet With High Oleic Acid Peanuts Versus the Traditional Peanuts Cultivar in Mice
Authors: Anavi-Cohen Sarit , Zandani Gil , Tsybina-Shimshilashvili Nina , Hovav Ran , Sela Noa , Nyska Abraham , Madar Zecharia
Published: June 2022

A new Israeli-developed peanut cultivar, “Hanoch-Oleic” (HO), uniquely contains enlarged oleic acid contents and was designed to confer additional beneficial effects over the traditional cultivar, “Hanoch” (HN). This work elucidates metabolic changes and microbiota adaptations elicited by HO addition to a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6 mice were fed for 18 weeks with a normal diet or a HFD with/without the addition of HN (HFDh) or HO (HFDo). Body-weight did not differ between HFD-fed mice groups, while liver and adipose weight were elevated in the HFDh and HFD groups, respectively. Insulin-sensitivity (IS) was also decreased in these groups, though to a much greater extent in the traditional peanuts-fed group. Modifications in lipids metabolism were evident by the addition of peanuts to a HFD. Liver inflammation seems to return to normal only in HFDh. Peanuts promoted an increase in α-diversity, with HFDo exhibiting changes in the abundance of microbiota that is primarily associated with ameliorated gut health and barrier capacity. In conclusion, the HO cultivar appears to be metabolically superior to the traditional peanut cultivar and was associated with an improved inflammatory state and microbial profile. Nevertheless, IS-negative effects reinforced by peanuts addition, predominantly NH, need to be comprehensively defined.
Plasma Metabolic Signatures of Healthy Overweight Subjects Challenged With an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Authors: Fiamoncini Jarlei , Donado-Pestana Carlos M. , Duarte Graziela Biude Silva , Rundle Milena , Thomas Elizabeth Louise , Kiselova-Kaneva Yoana , Gundersen Thomas E. , Bunzel Diana , Trezzi Jean-Pierre , Kulling Sabine E. , Hiller Karsten , Sonntag Denise , Ivanova Diana , Brennan Lorraine , Wopereis Suzan , van Ommen Ben , Frost Gary , Bell Jimmy , Drevon Christian A. , Daniel Hannelore
Published: June 2022

Insulin secretion following ingestion of a carbohydrate load affects a multitude of metabolic pathways that simultaneously change direction and quantity of interorgan fluxes of sugars, lipids and amino acids. In the present study, we aimed at identifying markers associated with differential responses to an OGTT a population of healthy adults. By use of three metabolite profiling platforms, we assessed these postprandial responses of a total of 202 metabolites in plasma of 72 healthy volunteers undergoing comprehensive phenotyping and of which half enrolled into a weight-loss program over a three-month period. A standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) served as dietary challenge test to identify changes in postprandial metabolite profiles. Despite classified as healthy according to WHO criteria, two discrete clusters (A and B) were identified based on the postprandial glucose profiles with a balanced distribution of volunteers based on gender and other measures. Cluster A individuals displayed 26% higher postprandial glucose levels, delayed glucose clearance and increased fasting plasma concentrations of more than 20 known biomarkers of insulin resistance and diabetes previously identified in large cohort studies. The volunteers identified by canonical postprandial responses that form cluster A may be called pre-pre-diabetics and defined as “at risk” for development of insulin resistance. Moreover, postprandial changes in selected fatty acids and complex lipids, bile acids, amino acids, acylcarnitines and sugars like mannose revealed marked differences in the responses seen in cluster A and cluster B individuals that sustained over the entire challenge test period of 240 min. Almost all metabolites, including glucose and insulin, returned to baseline values at the end of the test (at 240 min), except a variety of amino acids and here those that have been linked to diabetes development. Analysis of the corresponding metabolite profile in a fasting blood sample may therefore allow for early identification of these subjects at risk for insulin resistance without the need to undergo an OGTT.
Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated With 5-Year All Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Huang Ying , Zhang Lei , Zeng Mengru , Liu Fuyou , Sun Lin , Liu Yu , Xiao Li
Published: June 2022

Background

Diet management is a pivotal intervention for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Dietary inflammation index (DII) is developed to evaluate the integral inflammatory potential of a diet pattern. However, research about the association between DII and mortality in CKD is limited.

Objective

We conducted a cohort study to investigate the relationship between energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) and the 5-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in CKD population.

Materials and Methods

CKD participants with complete E-DII data and death status from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2014) were involved in this study. E-DII was calculated based on dietary recall interviews. Smooth curve fitting, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between E-DII and the 5-year all cause and cardiovascular mortality. Subgroup analysis was also performed.

Results

A total of 7,207 participants were included (55.46% elderly and 46.54% male) in this study. The 5-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were 16.86 and 4.32%, respectively. Smooth curve fitting showed a “J” shape and near linear relationship between the E-DII score and the 5-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals [CI]) for the highest tertile of the E-DII were 1.33 (1.15, 1.54) for all-cause mortality, and 1.54 (1.15, 2.07) for cardiovascular mortality when compared with the lowest tertile of the E-DII. The subgroup analyses revealed relatively stronger associations between the E-DII and the mortality among CKD patients with other death risk factors.

Conclusions

Energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index is independently related with the 5-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among CKD patients. Therefore, anti-inflammatory diet patterns should be recommended for CKD patients.
Beyond Crizotinib: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Next-Generation ALK Inhibitors as First-Line Treatment for ALK-Translocated Lung Cancer
Authors: Giunta Emilio Francesco , Signori Alessio , West Howard Jack , Metro Giulio , Friedlaender Alex , Parikh Kaushal , Banna Giuseppe Luigi , Addeo Alfredo
Published: June 2022

Background

Second and third-generation ALK inhibitors (ALKIs) have been recently approved for ALK-translocated lung cancer treatment, improving - and expanding - the first-line scenario.

Methods

In this systematic review and metanalysis, we investigated the efficacy and safety of next-generation ALKIs in untreated advanced ALK-translocated lung cancer patients, searching for randomized phase III controlled trials through databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library). Inclusion and exclusion of studies, quality assessment, data extraction, and synthesis were independently accomplished by two reviewers, with discrepancies adjudicated by a third reviewer. Stata (StataCorp., v.16) software was used for the metanalysis.

Results

In total, seven randomized controlled trials met our inclusion criteria. Comparing the results of next-generation ALKIs and control therapy (crizotinib or chemotherapy), next-generation ALKIs significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), any lesion (aCNSRR) and measurable lesions of central nervous system response rate (mCNSRR). Safety results were similar between the experimental and control groups.

Conclusion

Our analysis confirmed that next-generation ALKIs are the preferred first-line treatment option for ALK-translocated lung cancer. They are superior to crizotinib or chemotherapy in several clinical endpoints, including OS, PFS, ORR and CNS disease control, without increased toxicity. In the absence of head-to-head data, the choice between these molecules should be guided by physician experience and preference, drug-specific safety profile and schedule.