bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tangible mixed reality for remote design review: a study understanding user perception and acceptance
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Dunston Phillip S
Published: August 2013

Background

The design review process is often expensive due to the need for face-to-face meetings between the involved parties. Distributed design collaboration is made possible by advances in networking techniques. A tangible Mixed Reality (MR)-based virtual design prototype was created as a distributed virtual environment (DVE) for the purpose of improving remote design review collaboration. This tangible MR system has been developed to a point that experimental evaluation is necessary in order to understand the strengths and weaknesses of various features of the system.

Methods

In this paper, we evaluated the tangible MR system against a commercial 3D distributed design review system in three aspects: the investigation of how users experienced virtual models in the tangible MR system as compared with the commercial system, the measurement of the users’ attitude towards the effectiveness of the tangible MR system, and the discoveries of usability issues involved in the tangible MR interface through usability studies.

Results

The findings from user feedback suggest that the tangible MR system may facilitate problem-solving and the quantity of work in a given amount of time and that virtual design displayed in the mixed scene was a useful aid in the design error detection task.

Conclusion

These findings are useful for the improvement of future generations of the MR system. Also the suggestions can be further generalized to become usability guidelines for the MR developers in other applications and domains.
Hypercholesterolemia boosts joint destruction in chronic arthritis. An experimental model aggravated by foam macrophage infiltration
Authors: Prieto-Potín I , Roman-Blas JA , Martínez-Calatrava MJ , Gómez R , Largo R , Herrero-Beaumont Gabriel
Published: August 2013

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether hypercholesterolemia increases articular damage in a rabbit model of chronic arthritis.

Methods

Hypercholesterolemia was induced in 18 rabbits by administrating a high-fat diet (HFD). Fifteen rabbits were fed normal chow as controls. Chronic antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was induced in half of the HFD and control rabbits, previously immunized, by intra-articular injections of ovalbumin. After sacrifice, lipid and systemic inflammation markers were analyzed in blood serum. Synovium was analyzed by Krenn score, multinucleated cell counting, immunohistochemistry of RAM11 and CD31, and TNF-α and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene expression. Active bone resorption was assessed by protein expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and quantification of cathepsin K, contact surface and the invasive area of pannus into bone.

Results

Rabbits receiving the HFD showed higher total serum cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides and CRP levels than rabbits fed a normal diet. Synovitis score was increased in HFD, and particularly in AIA and AIA + HFD groups. AIA + HFD synovium was characterized by a massive infiltration of RAM11+ cells, higher presence of multinucleated foam cells and bigger vascularization than AIA. Cathepsin K+ osteoclasts and the contact surface of bone resorbing pannus were also increased in rabbits with AIA + HFD compared with AIA alone. Synovial TNF-α and MCP-1 gene expression was increased in AIA and HFD rabbits compared with healthy animals. RANKL protein expression in AIA and AIA + HFD groups was higher compared with either HFD or normal groups.

Conclusions

This experimental model demonstrates that hypercholesterolemia increments joint tissue damage in chronic arthritis, with foam macrophages being key players in this process.
Identification of three new cis-regulatory IRF5 polymorphisms: in vitro studies
Authors: Alonso-Perez Elisa , Fernandez-Poceiro Romina , Lalonde Emilie , Kwan Tony , Calaza Manuel , Gomez-Reino Juan J , Majewski Jacek , Gonzalez Antonio
Published: August 2013

Background

Polymorphisms in the interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) gene are associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases through independent risk and protective haplotypes. Several functional polymorphisms are already known, but they do not account for the protective haplotypes that are tagged by the minor allele of rs729302.

Methods

Polymorphisms in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs729302 or particularly associated with IRF5 expression were selected for functional screening, which involved electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and reporter gene assays.

Results

A total of 54 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 5' region of IRF5 were genotyped. Twenty-four of them were selected for functional screening because of their high LD with rs729302 or protective haplotypes. In addition, two polymorphisms were selected for their prominent association with IRF5 expression. Seven of these twenty-six polymorphisms showed reproducible allele differences in EMSA. The seven were subsequently analyzed in gene reporter assays, and three of them showed significant differences between their two alleles: rs729302, rs13245639 and rs11269962. Haplotypes including the cis-regulatory polymorphisms correlated very well with IRF5 mRNA expression in an analysis based on previous data.

Conclusion

We have found that three polymorphisms in LD with the protective haplotypes of IRF5 have differential allele effects in EMSA and in reporter gene assays. Identification of these cis-regulatory polymorphisms will allow more accurate analysis of transcriptional regulation of IRF5 expression, more powerful genetic association studies and deeper insight into the role of IRF5 in disease susceptibility.
Improved exercise performance and increased aerobic capacity after endurance training of patients with stable polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Authors: Alemo Munters Li , Dastmalchi Maryam , Katz Abram , Esbjörnsson Mona , Loell Ingela , Hanna Balsam , Lidén Maria , Westerblad Håkan , Lundberg Ingrid E , Alexanderson Helene
Published: August 2013

Introduction

This randomized, controlled study on patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis was based on three hypotheses: patients display impaired endurance due to reduced aerobic capacity and muscle weakness, endurance training improves their exercise performance by increasing the aerobic capacity, and endurance training has general beneficial effects on their health status.

Methods

In the first part of this study, we compared 23 patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis with 12 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. A subgroup of patients were randomized to perform a 12-week endurance training program (exercise group, n = 9) or to a non-exercising control group (n = 6). We measured maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and the associated power output during a progressive cycling test. Endurance was assessed as the cycling time to exhaustion at 65% of VO2 max. Lactate levels in the vastus lateralis muscle were measured with microdialysis. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring citrate synthase (CS) and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD) activities in muscle biopsies. Clinical improvement was assessed according to the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group (IMACS) improvement criteria. All assessors were blinded to the type of intervention (that is, training or control).

Results

Exercise performance and aerobic capacity were lower in patients than in healthy controls, whereas lactate levels at exhaustion were similar. Patients in the exercise group increased their cycling time, aerobic capacity and CS and β-HAD activities, whereas lactate levels at exhaustion decreased. Six of nine patients in the exercise group met the IMACS improvement criteria. Patients in the control group did not show any consistent changes during the 12-week study.

Conclusions

Polymyositis and dermatomyositis patients have impaired endurance, which could be improved by 12 weeks of endurance training. The clinical improvement corresponds to increases in aerobic capacity and muscle mitochondrial enzyme activities. The results emphasize the importance of endurance exercise in addition to immunosuppressive treatment of patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01184625
Intrachromosomal Amplification of Chromosome 21 Is Associated With Inferior Outcomes in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated in Contemporary Standard-Risk Children's Oncology Group Studies: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Heerema Nyla A. , Carroll Andrew J. , Devidas Meenakshi , Loh Mignon L. , Borowitz Michael J. , Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Larsen Eric C. , Mattano Leonard A. , Maloney Kelly W. , Willman Cheryl L. , Wood Brent L. , Winick Naomi J. , Carroll William L. , Hunger Stephen P. , Raetz Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2013

Purpose

Five-year overall survival (OS) for children with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) exceeds 90% with risk-adapted therapy. Age, initial WBC count, genetic aberrations, and minimal residual disease (MRD) are used for risk stratification. Intrachromosomal amplification of a region of chromosome 21 (iAMP21; three or more extra copies of RUNX1 on an abnormal chromosome 21) is a recently identified recurrent genomic lesion associated with inferior outcome in some studies. We investigated the impact of iAMP21 in a large cohort treated in contemporary Children's Oncology Group (COG) ALL trials.

Patients and Methods

Fluorescent in situ hybridization for specific genetic aberrations was required at diagnosis. MRD was measured by flow cytometry at end induction. Outcome was measured as event-free survival (EFS) and OS.

Results

iAMP21 was found in 158 (2%) of 7,793 patients with B-ALL age ≥ 1 year; 74 (1.5%) of 5,057 standard-risk (SR) patients, and 84 (3.1%) of 2,736 high-risk (HR) patients. iAMP21 was associated with age ≥ 10 years, WBC less than 50,000/μL, female sex, and detectable MRD at day 29. Four-year EFS and OS were significantly worse for patients with iAMP21 and SR B-ALL, but iAMP21 was not a statistically significant prognostic factor in HR patients. There was no interaction between MRD and iAMP21. Among SR patients, day 29 MRD ≥ 0.01% and iAMP21 were associated with the poorest EFS and OS; absence of both was associated with the best outcome.

Conclusion

iAMP21 is associated with inferior outcome in pediatric B-ALL, particularly SR patients who require more intensive therapy and are now treated on HR COG ALL protocols.
Fasting Increases Aggression and Differentially Modulates Local And Systemic Steroid Levels in Male Zebra Finches
Authors: Fokidis H. Bobby , Prior Nora H. , Soma Kiran K.
Published: August 2013

Aggression enables individuals to obtain and retain limited resources. Studies of the neuroendocrine regulation of aggression have focused on territorial and reproductive contexts. By contrast, little is understood concerning the neuroendocrine regulation of aggression over other resources, such as food. Here, we developed a paradigm to examine the role of steroids in food-related aggression. In groups of male zebra finches, a 6-hour fast decreased body mass and increased aggressive interactions among subjects that competed for a point source feeder. Fasting also dramatically altered circulating steroid levels by decreasing plasma testosterone but not estradiol (E2). By contrast, both plasma corticosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations were elevated with fasting. Interestingly, short-term access to food (15 minutes) after fasting normalized circulating steroid levels. Fasting increased corticosterone levels in a wide range of peripheral tissues but increased DHEA levels specifically in adrenal glands and liver; these effects were quickly normalized with refeeding. DHEA can be metabolized within specific brain regions to testosterone and E2, which promote the expression of aggression. We measured E2 in microdissected brain regions and found that fasting specifically increased local E2 levels in 3 regions: the periaqueductal gray, ventral tegmental area, and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. These regions are part of the vertebrate social behavior network and regulate the expression of aggression. Together, these data suggest that fasting stimulates secretion of DHEA from the adrenals and liver and subsequent conversion of DHEA to E2 within specific brain regions, to enable individuals to compete for limited food resources.
Cranial neural crest cells form corridors prefiguring sensory neuroblast migration
Authors: Freter Sabine , Fleenor Stephen J. , Freter Rasmus , Liu Karen J. , Begbie Jo
Published: August 2013

The majority of cranial sensory neurons originate in placodes in the surface ectoderm, migrating to form ganglia that connect to the central nervous system (CNS). Interactions between inward-migrating sensory neuroblasts and emigrant cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) play a role in coordinating this process, but how the relationship between these two cell populations is established is not clear. Here, we demonstrate that NCCs generate corridors delineating the path of migratory neuroblasts between the placode and CNS in both chick and mouse. In vitro analysis shows that NCCs are not essential for neuroblast migration, yet act as a superior substrate to mesoderm, suggesting provision of a corridor through a less-permissive mesodermal territory. Early organisation of NCC corridors occurs prior to sensory neurogenesis and can be recapitulated in vitro; however, NCC extension to the placode requires placodal neurogenesis, demonstrating reciprocal interactions. Together, our data indicate that NCC corridors impose physical organisation for precise ganglion formation and connection to the CNS, providing a local environment to enclose migrating neuroblasts and axonal processes as they migrate through a non-neural territory.
Design and Synthesis of Porous Coordination Polymers Showing Unique Guest Adsorption Behaviors
Authors: Matsuda Ryotaro
Published: August 2013

Gas storage and separation are becoming a high priority area of research due to economic, industrial, and environmental reasons. The last two decades have therefore witnessed dramatic growth in the search for more efficient and adaptable nanoporous materials. In particular, much attention has been focused on porous coordination polymers (PCPs) or metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as new nanoporous materials. Based on the unlimited combination of metal ions and organic ligands, PCPs can provide infinite variety of nanospace in their pores. As molecular adsorption is dependent on the size, shape, and surface nature of nanospace, many unique molecular adsorption or trapping phenomena have been reported in this class of compounds. In this account, I focus on how thoughtful design can lead to the synthesis of porous coordination polymers that demonstrate unprecedented adsorption behavior not found in other porous materials. Examples include selective adsorption of acetylene over carbon dioxide in the CPL series of PCPs, using charge-transfer to induce selective adsorption of nitric oxide and oxygen in TCNQ (7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane) based PCP and light-induced on-demand adsorption and structural transformations in CID-based PCPs. The guidelines underpinning such unique, highly selective guest adsorption are discussed.
Chemistry of Anthracene–Acetylene Oligomers. XXIII. Molecular Structures and Stereochemistry of Anthracene–Diacetylene Cyclic Dimers Having Two Intraannular Alkoxy Groups
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Tsuya Takuya , Iwanaga Tetsuo
Published: August 2013

Anthracene–diacetylene cyclic dimers having two alkoxy groups (OMe, OEt, or OPr groups) at the intraannular positions were synthesized by dimerization of 1,8-diethynylanthracene precursors. For the OEt and OPr compounds, anti- and syn-stereoisomers that differed in the direction of the alkyl groups were separated by chromatography. Kinetic measurements showed that the barriers to isomerization from syn-isomer to anti-isomer were 124 and >146 kJ mol−1 for the OEt and OPr compounds, respectively. The molecular structures of these compounds were examined by X-ray analysis and DFT calculations. The preference for anti-isomers is attributable to the intramolecular C–H···O hydrogen bonds. The effects of substituents on the molecular structures and the barriers to isomerization are discussed.
Synthesis of Anionic Sulfonate-functionalized Conducting Polymer Nanotubes and Selective Confinement of Cationic Gold Nanoparticles in Their Inner Cavities via Electrostatic Interaction
Authors: Fujimoto Nobuyuki , Nakahodo Tsukasa , Fujihara Hisashi
Published: August 2013

New sulfonate-functionalized conducting polythiophene nanotubes were synthesized and easily dispersed in water without them aggregating. The positively charged Au nanoparticles with viologen were selectively attached to the inner surfaces of their negatively charged polythiophene nanotubes via an interfacial electrostatic interaction.
Nanometer scale pores similar in size to the entrance of the ribosomal exit cavity are a common feature of large RNAs
Authors: Rivas Mario , Tran Quyen , Fox George E.
Published: August 2013

The highly conserved peptidyl transferase center (PTC) of the ribosome contains an RNA pore that serves as the entrance to the exit tunnel. Analysis of available ribosome crystal structures has revealed the presence of multiple additional well-defined pores of comparable size in the ribosomal (rRNA) RNAs. These typically have dimensions of 1–2 nm, with a total area of ∼100 Å2 or more, and most are associated with one or more ribosomal proteins. The PTC example and the other rRNA pores result from the packing of helices. However, in the non-PTC cases the nitrogenous bases do not protrude into the pore, thereby limiting the potential for hydrogen bonding within the pore. Instead, it is the RNA backbone that largely defines the pore likely resulting in a negatively charged environment. In many but not all cases, ribosomal proteins are associated with the pores to a greater or lesser extent. With the exception of the PTC case, the large subunit pores are not found in what are thought to be the evolutionarily oldest regions of the 23S rRNA. The unusual nature of the PTC pore may reflect a history of being created by hybridization between two or more RNAs early in evolution rather than simple folding of a single RNA. An initial survey of nonribosomal RNA crystal structures revealed additional pores, thereby showing that they are likely a general feature of RNA tertiary structure.
Reconstruction of communicative stereotype in indirect dialogue of cultures: methodology of studies
Authors: Силантьева  , Silanteva Margarita
Published: August 2013

The article addresses the main principles and methods of linguistic and cultural approach to reconstructing communicative stereotypes. The author shows the role of philosophical comparative studies in building a conceptual model of communicative stereotype, which makes it possible to define the content of cultural analysis in cross-cultural communication. The article proves the necessity to test their relevance in reference to historical facts in international relations. Studying the concept of ‘a border of constructive dialogues’, the author develops the idea further, introducing the term ‘a zone of transfer to irreversible destructiveness’.
Communicative problems triggered by multiglossia: the case of Arabic in Upper Egypt
Authors: Абдельгавад  , Abdelgavad T. Makhmud
Published: August 2013

The linguistic sitting in Upper Egypt comprises three different linguistic varieties: Standard Arabic, Cairene Arabic and Upper Egyptian Arabic (UEA). Standard Arabic is used in formal communication either orally or in writing. Cairene Arabic is the Arabic dialect used mainly in Cairo and most radio and TV programs, while UEA is the dialect used in Upper Egypt. The main objective of this article is to illustrate that although these Arabic varieties belong to the same language and are therefore mutually intelligible (i.e. speakers of any variety understand and can be understood the speakers of the other varieties), the phonological, lexical and morphosyntactic differences exhibited by these varieties are significant enough to cause significant communicative problems as well as learning difficulties.
Advancing level of professional communicative competence of the students in the institutions of higher education by mean
Authors: Акимова  , Akimova N.
Published: August 2013

The article considers methodology of using case-study technology in the institutions of higher education in order to form the professional competency of students by means of foreign language teaching. Case-study, being modern teaching technology, had recommended itself is a productive technology of educating specialists in business and economics. Introducing casestudy in the process of foreign language, allows developing professional thinking in foreign language, helps to create the atmosphere of creativity in the classroom. Using the technique in this context, however serves not only teaching the ability of solving professional, as it is supposed to be in teaching Business and Economics, but to create the situation of motivated communication in foreign language in situation which is close to real professional circumstances in the students' future.
Approaches to the contents of multicultural education in Russia and in the USA: communicative aspect
Authors: Бессарабова  , Bessarabova I.
Published: August 2013

The article presents the approaches to the contents of multicultural education of the Russian and American scientists in the comparative way. The author underlines that multicultural education can serve as the efficient power of the dialogic co-creation of various nations in spite of their cultural peculiarities, ensuring constructive communication of different nations and cultures.
Biotechnologies for Improvement of Environmental Safety related to Pulp and Paper Industry (actual status)
Authors: Тимофеева  , Timofeeva Svetlana , Медведева  , Medvedeva S.
Published: August 2013

Based on the development concept of Russian pulp and paper industry up to 2015 the possible directions of its post-crisis growth and current trends are identified. One of optimal directions to achieve the environmental and resource saving effects in the pulp and paper industry is the introduction of best available technologies. The scientific potential assessment of domestic developments related to some of the best modern biotechnologies that could create a new conceptual basis for evolution of technologies in the pulp and paper industry and improve the environmental industrial safety is given in this paper.
Mathematical Forecasting Model of Water Sources’ Ecological Safety
Authors: Сметанников  , Smetannikov Yu. , Коптев  , Koptev N. , Зайцев  , Zaytsev V. , Лукашев  , Lukashev E.
Published: August 2013

Mathematical modeling techniques of self-cleaning separate mechanisms, and also the models, which consider the impact of toxicants on the course of biological processes are offered. The functions reflecting a system reaction nature on internal and

external factors are received.

The obtained results qualitatively correctly describe the "biomass – resource" system evolution, which allows during comparison of model equations’ solutions and experimental data to calculate the kinetic constants of model.
Method activation end date in the past. direction:re
Authors: Трофименко  , Trofimenko Yuri , Евстигнеева  , Evstigneeva N. , Девисилов  , Devisilov Vladimir
Published: August 2013

Methodical issues related to multilevel system construction of staff training on transport safety in higher and secondary professional education within the confines of noxology approach as exemplified by the automobile and road infrastructure are considered.
Key factors of productivity and wage in modern Russia
Authors: Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena
Published: August 2013

The main factors of productivity and wages in modern Russia. These factors — capital-labor, the level of education of the employed population and the level of income inequality, employment in the private sector. Built econometric models that assess the impact of these factors. Models explain the productivity by 81% and labor costs — by 76%. Capital-labor ratio, the level of education and income inequality has a positive impact on productivity and labor costs. Private sector employment has a negative impact on productivity and labor costs. The positive impact of inequality is explained by the regularity characteristic of the poorest and the richest countries in the world. This effect is explained by the peculiarities of the institutional environment and social structure. The negative impact of employment in the private sector due to the imperfection of property in the country. Identified regions of the country in which deviations from the revealed laws. The largest deviations are observed in the Kurgan and Sakhalin regions, in the Kamchatka Krai and the Republic of Kalmykia.
Neighborhood Social Capital and Social Learning for Experience Attributes of Products
Authors: Lee Jae Young , Bell David R.
Published: August 2013

Social learning can occur when information is transferred from existing customers to potential customers. It is especially important when the information that is conveyed pertains to experience attributes, i.e., attributes of products that cannot be fully verified prior to the first purchase. Experience attributes are prevalent and salient when consumers shop through catalogs, on home shopping networks, and over the Internet. Firms therefore employ creative and sometimes costly methods to help consumers resolve uncertainty; we argue that uncertainty can be partially resolved through social learning processes that occur naturally and emanate from local neighborhood characteristics. Using data from Bonobos, a leading U.S. online fashion retailer, we find not only that local social learning facilitates customer trial but also that the effect is economically important because about half of all trials were partially attributable to it. Merging data from the Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey, we find that neighborhood social capital, i.e., the propensity for neighbors to trust each other and communicate with each other, enhances the social learning process and makes it more efficient. Social capital does not operate on trials directly; rather, it improves the learning process and therefore indirectly drives sales when what is communicated is favorable.
Effectively Managing Dental Caries: Prevention and Disease Ownership
Authors: Brunton Paul
Published: August 2013

• Better prevention will result in smaller carious lesions being diagnosed at an earlier stage

• White spot lesions are amenable to being repaired using biomimetic technologies

• Digital technology will improve diagnosis but will also assist practitioners in the monitoring of lesions

• When operative intervention is indicated it will be of a minimal nature. Following validation, newer techniques for caries removal will become the norm
The Effective Management of Caries
Authors: Santini Ario
Published: August 2013

Increased life expectancy is causing an explosion of the ageing population that will continue for the foreseeable future. Improved quality of life at old age will demand tooth retention and, consequently, the need for appropriate restorative care. Retaining teeth and maintaining them in spite of the multitude of risk factors associated with old age is a multifaceted challenge. The dental profession must be ever sensitive to the special needs of the elderly patient in order to render a service that is sensitive and caring. As the healthcare system as a whole adjusts to the changing demographics of the UK population, it is essential that dental professions effectively manage caries across the generations.
Are General Dental Practitioners Providing Best Practice in Prevention – in Everyday General Practice?
Authors: Pearce Mark , Catleugh Melanie
Published: August 2013

Aims

To discover whether general dental practitioners are providing best practice in prevention, as defined by the ‘Delivering Better Oral Health’ toolkit, in everyday general practice.

Method

A questionnaire was created with five scenarios describing the key findings of the examination of five hypothetical patients. Dentists attending a postgraduate meeting were asked to list all the preventive treatment and advice they would give each patient. The content of their answers was compared with the toolkit by two researchers.

Results

Twenty four dentists completed the questionnaire. In general terms, they did not mention much of the specific advice or recommend the treatment listed in the toolkit except that a significant proportion would apply fluoride varnish to children's teeth and all would give smoking cessation advice where appropriate. Suitable recall intervals, defined by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, were suggested for three of the scenarios but the advice was inconsistent for the other two scenarios.

Conclusion

This small investigation suggests that dentists’ implementation of prevention, as advised by the toolkit, is not thorough or consistent. Comprehensive adoption of prevention in dentistry will require intensive multifaceted education and organisational change such as might be provided by the new contracts being piloted at present.
The Contemporary Approach to Tooth Preservation: Minimum Intervention (MI) Caries Management in General Practice
Authors: Banerjee Avijit , Doméjean Sophie
Published: August 2013

The minimum intervention (MI) approach summarises a clinical, evidence-based rationale for the preventive and cause-related approach to oral diseases in general and to caries in particular. MI oral care with respect to the management of patients suffering from dental caries is a concept based on an updated understanding of the histopathological carious process as well as the development of diagnostic technologies and adhesive, bioactive restorative materials. A patient-centred MI care plan for use in general dental practice is described, detailing the four phases of identifying disease, controlling/preventing disease, refurbishing/repairing tooth surfaces/restorations and recall consultations.
The Illusion of Caries from Anatomical Variance: A Case Report
Authors: Clarke Peter , Macleod Iain
Published: August 2013

This paper presents two examples of unusual radiolucencies caused by grossly distorted anatomy. In the circumstances these could easily have been misdiagnosed as caries. Some of the more common artefacts presenting as caries are discussed. This article highlights the importance of combining radiographical and clinical findings to produce an accurate diagnosis.
Oral Fluid Cannabinoids in Chronic Cannabis Smokers during Oral Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Therapy and Smoked Cannabis Challenge
Authors: Lee Dayong , Vandrey Ryan , Mendu Damodara R , Anizan Sebastien , Milman Garry , Murray Jeannie A , Barnes Allan J , Huestis Marilyn A
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND

Oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective for attenuating cannabis withdrawal and may benefit treatment of cannabis use disorders. Oral fluid (OF) cannabinoid testing, increasing in forensic and workplace settings, could be valuable for monitoring during cannabis treatment.

METHODS

Eleven cannabis smokers resided on a closed research unit for 51 days and received daily 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg of oral THC in divided doses for 5 days. There was a 5-puff smoked cannabis challenge on the fifth day. Each medication session was separated by 9 days of ad libitum cannabis smoking. OF was collected the evening before and throughout oral THC sessions and analyzed by 2-dimensional GC-MS for THC, cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH).

RESULTS

During all oral THC administrations, THC OF concentrations decreased to ≤78.2, 33.2, and 1.4 μg/L by 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. CBN also decreased over time, with concentrations 10-fold lower than THC, with none detected beyond 69 h. CBD and 11-OH-THC were rarely detected, only within 19 and 1.6 h after smoking, respectively. THCCOOH OF concentrations were dose dependent and increased over time during 120-mg THC dosing. After cannabis smoking, THC, CBN, and THCCOOH concentrations showed a significant dose effect and decreased significantly over time.

CONCLUSIONS

Oral THC dosing significantly affected OF THCCOOH but minimally contributed to THC OF concentrations; prior ad libitum smoking was the primary source of THC, CBD, and CBN. Higher cannabinoid concentrations following active oral THC administrations vs placebo suggest a compensatory effect of THC tolerance on smoking topography.
Heterotopic intersections of tourism and undocumented migration in Southern Europe: The video essay Sudeuropa (2005–2007)
Authors: Bayraktar Nilgün
Published: August 2013

This article examines the documentary video essay Sudeuropa (2005–2007) by Raphaël Cuomo and Maria Iorio, which focuses on undocumented migration in Southern Europe, in particular the Sicilian island of Lampedusa. Since the late 1990s, the touristic island of Lampedusa has become a major crossroad in transnational migratory routes across the Mediterranean, where the material effects of border securitization and militarization are heavily felt. Sudeuropa underscores the interdependency of seemingly unrelated mobilities: undocumented migration, tourism and journalism. It reveals the significant role of migrant labour in the development and maintenance of tourism by focusing on migrant workers involved in the hospitality industry. In this article, Sudeuropa is analysed in relation to theories of essay film. The genre of essay film, which has been recognized as a distinct form of film-making since the 1960s, provides a highly productive and politically revealing understanding of the dynamic between migrancy and visuality. Essay film has been described as a genre in between documentary and fiction, suggesting the fluidity and indeterminacy of its aesthetic and political qualities. Sudeuropa calls for a reconsideration of the genre, because it plays with fact and fiction, poses problems without answers and is profoundly self-reflexive.
Cinematic affect and the ethics of waste
Authors: Kendall Tina
Published: August 2013

This article considers questions of affect and ethics in relation to three films about waste: Agnès Varda’s The Gleaners and I (1999), Lucy Walker’s Waste Land (2010), and Harmony Korine’s Trash Humpers (2009). Drawing from new materialist models, the article situates the ethical import of these very different films in relation to the way that they present waste as a vibrant and affectively charged medium through which we might rethink relations between people and things. It argues that a careful evaluation of the way these films generate and manage affect is crucial to an understanding of the kinds of ethical work each might be said to perform. While The Gleaners and I and Waste Land emphasize the uplifting feelings that can be generated from trash if we learn to see it differently, Trash Humpers rejects the activist, humanist ethos of Varda’s and Walker’s films in favour of an avant-garde impulse to degrade and defile. However, despite its nihilistic approach to its subject matter, this article argues that Trash Humpers’ feel-bad aesthetic does not rule out the possibility of ethical engagement. Rather, it offers important insights about the role of negative affect within an ethics of waste.
Reviews
Authors: Haworth Rachel , Melero Alejandro , Rushton Richard , Brandellero Sara
Published: August 2013

Mediated Ethnicity: New Italian-American Cinema, Giuliana Muscio, Joseph Schiorra, Giovanni Spagnoletti and Anthony Julian Tamburri (eds) (2010) New York: Calandra Institute, 299 pp., ISBN: 978-0-9703-4036-8, p/bk, $28.00

The Films of Elías Querejeta: A Producer of Landscapes, Tom Whittaker (2011) Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 176 pp., ISBN 978-0-7083-2438-7, pbk, £35

World Cinema and the Ethics of Realism, Lúcia Nagib (2011) New York and London: Continuum, 293 pp., ISBN:-13: 978-1-4411-6583-1, pbk, £16.99

New Trends in Argentine and Brazilian Cinema, Cacilda Rêgo and Carolina Rocha (eds) (2011) Bristol and Chicago: Intellect, 274 pp., ISBN: 978-1-8415-0375-2, p/bk, £24.95
The Relationship Between Dynamic Stability and Multidirectional Speed
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Schultz Adrian B. , Callaghan Samuel J. , Jeffriess Matthew D.
Published: August 2013

Lockie, RG, Schultz, AB, Callaghan, SJ, and Jeffriess, MD. The relationship between dynamic stability and multidirectional speed. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3033–3043, 2016—Dynamic stability is said to contribute to multidirectional (linear and change-of-direction) speed, although little research confirms this. This study analyzed the relationship between dynamic stability as measured by lower-limb functional reaching in 6 directions (anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral, posteromedial, medial, and anteromedial) within a modified star excursion balance test and multidirectional speed (40-m sprint: 0–10, 0–20, and 0–40 m intervals; T-test; change-of-direction and acceleration test [CODAT]). Sixteen male field sport athletes (age, 23.31 ± 5.34 years; height, 1.78 ± 0.07 m; mass, 80.60 ± 9.89 kg) completed testing. A 1-way analysis of variance determined significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences in excursions between faster and slower subjects. All data were pooled for a Spearman's correlation analysis (p ≤ 0.05). Faster subjects had greater left leg medial reach (76.24 ± 5.33 vs. 65.94 ± 10.75%), right leg posteromedial reach (85.20 ± 8.07 vs. 73.59 ± 12.64%), and a smaller between-leg difference in lateral reach (2.26 ± 1.85 vs. 6.46 ± 4.29%). Longer reach distances (greater dynamic stability) correlated with faster speed test times (ρ = −0.499 to 0.664). Dynamic stability relationships were pronounced for the change-of-direction speed tests. For example, smaller between-leg excursion differences in anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral, and posteromedial reaches related to faster T-test and CODAT times (ρ = 0.502–0.804). There is a relationship between dynamic stability as measured by functional reaching and multidirectional speed in field sport athletes, possibly because of similarities in movement demands and muscle recruitment. Dynamic stability training could strengthen muscles for multidirectional sprinting and develop functional joint motion.
Second primary malignancies following thyroid cancer: a population-based study in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Chang-Hsien , Lee Kuan-Der , Chen Ping-Tsung , Chen Chih-Cheng , Kuan Feng-Che , Huang Cih-En , Chen Miao-Fen , Chen Min-Chi
Published: August 2013

Objective

Most studies on second primary malignancies (SPMs) after primary thyroid cancer were conducted in USA or Europe. The discrepancy between SPMs in these studies could be attributed to geographical and ethnic heterogeneity. Thus, there is a clear need for another large-scale epidemiological study, particularly in Asian countries, to define the incidence and risk of SPMs in thyroid cancer survivors.

Design

A population-based study was conducted using the nation-wide database from Taiwan Cancer Registry between 1979 and 2006.

Methods

We quantified standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and cumulative incidence of SPMs among 19 068 individuals (4205 males and 14 863 females) with primary thyroid cancer.

Results

A total of 644 cases (3.38%) developed at least a SPM during 134 678 person-years of follow-up. The risk for subsequent SPMs was significantly greater than that of the general population (SIR=1.33, 95% CI 1.23–1.44). There was a greater risk of developing major salivary glands, nasopharyngeal, lung, thymus, breast (females), bladder, and brain cancers, and leukemia and lymphoma. We observed that the risk was highest within the first 5 years of diagnosis of thyroid cancer (SIR=5.29, 1.68, and 0.68 for ≦5, 5–10, and >10 respectively) and in the younger patients (SIR=1.81 vs 1.61 for <50 and ≧50 respectively). The median overall survival for primary thyroid cancer patients was 23.28 years, but it was only 4.73 years for those who developed SPMs.

Conclusion

Thyroid cancer is associated with a 33% risk increment of SPMs, which had a negative impact on survival. There are sites of SPMs in the Asian population that are distinctive from those in the Western population, suggesting that other genetic predisposition or environmental factors may play a role.
Somatostatin analogues increase AIP expression in somatotropinomas, irrespective of Gsp mutations
Authors: Jaffrain-Rea Marie-Lise , Rotondi Sandra , Turchi Annarita , Occhi Gianluca , Barlier Anne , Peverelli Erika , Rostomyan Lilya , Defilles Céline , Angelini Mariolina , Oliva Maria-Antonietta , Ceccato Filippo , Maiorani Orlando , Daly Adrian F , Esposito Vincenzo , Buttarelli Francesca , Figarella-Branger Dominique , Giangaspero Felice , Spada Anna , Scaroni Carla , Alesse Edoardo , Beckers Albert
Published: August 2013

Germline aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) gene mutations confer a predisposition to pituitary adenoma (PA), predominantly GH-secreting (GH-PA). As recent data suggest a role for AIP in the pathogenesis of sporadic GH-PA and their response to somatostatin analogues (SSA), the expression of AIP and its partner, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), was determined by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry scoring in 62 sporadic GH-PA (37 treated with SSA preoperatively). The influence ofGspstatus was studied in a subset of tumours (n=39, 14Gsp+) and six GH-PA were available for primary cultures. AIP and AHR were detected in most cases, with a positive correlation between AIP and cytoplasmic AHR (P=0.012). Low AIP expression was significantly more frequent in untreated vs SSA-treated tumours (44.0 vs 20.5%,P=0.016). AHR expression or localisation did not differ between the two groups. Similarly,in vitrooctreotide induced a median twofold increase in AIP expression (range 1.2–13.9,P=0.027) in GH-PA. In SSA-treated tumours, the AIP score was significantly higher in the presence of preoperative IGF1 decrease or tumour shrinkage (P=0.008 andP=0.014 respectively). In untreated tumours, low AIP expression was significantly associated with invasiveness (P=0.028) and suprasellar extension (P=0.019). The only effect ofGspstatus was a significantly lower nuclear AHR score inGsp+vsGsp−tumours (P=0.025), irrespective of SSA. In conclusion, AIP is involved in the aggressiveness of sporadic GH-PA, regardless ofGspstatus, and AIP up-regulation in SSA-treated tumours is associated with a better preoperative response, with no clear role for AHR.
Influence of bovine sperm DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress on early embryo in vitro development outcome
Authors: Simões Renata , Feitosa Weber Beringui , Siqueira Adriano Felipe Perez , Nichi Marcilio , Paula-Lopes Fabíola Freitas , Marques Mariana Groke , Peres Maria Angélica , Barnabe Valquíria Hyppolito , Visintin José Antônio , Assumpção Mayra Elena Ortiz
Published: August 2013

Sperm chromatin fragmentation may be caused by a number of factors, the most significant of which is reactive oxygen species. However, little is known about the effect of sperm oxidative stress (OS) on DNA integrity, fertilization, and embryonic development in cattle. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of sperm OS susceptibility on the DNA fragmentation rate andin vitroembryo production (IVP) in a population of bulls. Groups of cryopreserved sperm samples were divided into four groups, based on their susceptibility to OS (G1, low OS; G2, average OS; G3, high OS; and G4, highest OS). Our results demonstrated that the sperm DNA integrity was compromised in response to increased OS susceptibility. Furthermore, semen samples with lower susceptibility to OS were also less susceptible to DNA damage (G1, 4.06%; G2, 6.09%; G3, 6.19%; and G4, 6.20%). In addition, embryo IVP provided evidence that the embryo cleavage rate decreased as the OS increased (G1, 70.18%; G2, 62.24%; G3, 55.85%; and G4, 50.93%), but no significant difference in the blastocyst rate or the number of blastomeres was observed among the groups. The groups with greater sensitivity to OS were also associated with a greater percentage of apoptotic cells (G1, 2.6%; G2, 2.76%; G3, 5.59%; and G4, 4.49%). In conclusion, we demonstrated that an increased susceptibility to OS compromises sperm DNA integrity and consequently reduces embryo quality.
Home Visiting and Outcomes of Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Goyal Neera K. , Teeters Angelique , Ammerman Robert T.
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Home visiting is 1 strategy to improve child health and parenting. Since implementation of home visiting trials 2 decades ago, US preterm births (<37 weeks) have risen by 20%. The objective of this study was to review evidence regarding home visiting and outcomes of preterm infants

METHODS:

Searches of Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, PsycINFO, and Embase were conducted. Criteria for inclusion were (1) cohort or controlled trial designs; (2) home-based, preventive services for infants at medical or social risk; and (3) outcomes reported for infants born preterm or low birth weight (<2500 g). Data from eligible reports were abstracted by 2 reviewers. Random effects meta-analysis was used to synthesize data for developmental and parent interaction measures.

RESULTS:

Seventeen studies (15 controlled trials, 2 cohort studies) were reviewed. Five outcome domains were identified: infant development, parent-infant interaction, morbidity, abuse/neglect, and growth/nutrition. Six studies (n = 336) demonstrated a pooled standardized mean difference of 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.57 to 1.02) in Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory scores at 1 year in the home-visited groups versus control. Evidence for other outcomes was limited. Methodological limitations were common.

CONCLUSIONS:

Reviewed studies suggest that home visiting for preterm infants promotes improved parent-infant interaction. Further study of interventions targeting preterm infants within existing programs may strengthen the impact and cost benefits of home visiting in at-risk populations.