bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water Corrosion Problems and Sustainability of Water Supply Schemes
Authors:   Department of Environmental science and Engineering Kathmandu University Kathmandu, Nepal, Panday Hari Prasad
Published: August 2021

Water supply schemes should be technically and socially sustainable for smooth running, smooth operation and maintenances. Failure in either one of these leads to the whole system failure. Once the system is technically feasible, we can manage its social aspects. In this paper, we deal with technical sustainability of corrosive water, its impacts and the remedial measures. Corrosive water can severely damage intakes, metal pipes, cemented chambers, concrete reservoir and household plumbing systems. Hence, it is necessary to identify the corrosiveness of the water and should be neutralized. There are several solutions to this problem, however, they are not sustainable and economical for semi urban and rural communities. In this paper, we propose a sustainable, natural and economical solution to determine the corrosiveness of water and to effective technology to neutralize it. The proposed solution uses naturally available resources, hence makes it sustainable and affordable. Once the proposed method is deployed, it doesn’t require additional resources such as continuous monitoring, skilled manpower and electrical power cost etc. In this method, initially, the corrosiveness of the water is identified using parameters such as: total dissolved solid (TDS), pH, temperature, calcium and alkalinity. The corrosive water is then analyzed in laboratory. With carbon dioxide kinetic study, we verify the design of stabilization tank volume calculation. The research outcome is applied in the field to upgrade intake, pipe and fitting designs. The experiment in this research is conducted with the data obtained from several water supply schemes including Padampokhari water supply scheme in Nepal and tested in the same water supply scheme.
KAJIAN YURIDIS TERKAIT PENGEMBANGAN IKLIM INVESTASI INDONESIA DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Julianti Lis
Published: August 2021

Investment is a sector that plays an important role in economic growth in a country. Indonesia is a country that has enormous economic potential to attract investors to invest, but has not been able to create a conducive investment climate. The existence of the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the decline in investment in Indonesia. This is due to various tight restrictions, the complexity of managing licensing and regulations that still overlap between the center and the regions. The research method used is juridical normative which is based on secondary legal materials. This study uses an approach: statute approach, and conceptual approach. The technique of searching for legal materials uses the document study technique (library research), and the analysis of the study uses qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that the Government has made maximum efforts by issuing various regulations or policies in order to revive the investment climate in Indonesia so that the country's economic growth can increase, and is able to guarantee legal certainty in doing business in Indonesia.
PERAN KOMISI PENYIARAN INDONESIA DALAM MENGAWASI PENYELENGGARAAN PENYIARAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Noni Suharyanti Ni Putu , Endra Setiawan Kadek
Published: August 2021

In order to support the government in overcoming the Covid-19 outbreak, Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia (KPI) has issued several policies related to broadcasting, especially on television. This policy was taken considering that television is still the media with the most audience reach and has a high duplication power in society. Therefore, in every program broadcast to the public, adherence to health protocols is a must. Based on this, it is necessary to examine in depth the role of KPI in overseeing broadcasting and the synergy between Central and Regional KPIs in overseeing broadcasting during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed that the KPI in supervising broadcasting during the Covid-19 pandemic played an optimal role in regulating and supervising broadcast content by issuing policies to broadcast the socialization of prevention of the spread of Covid-19 either through Public Service Ads (ILM) or other programs by television and radio. In addition, KPI also issued KPI Decree (KKPI) Number 12 of 2020 concerning Support of Broadcasting Institutions in Efforts to Prevent and Overcome the Spread of Covid-19. Then to follow up on the Circular on news related to the Covid-19 Virus, the Central KPI along with Regional KPI throughout Indonesia conveyed and reminded all Broadcasting Institutions to remain guided by broadcasting rules in broadcasting institutions to convey useful and accountable information.
URGENSI KARTU DANA OTONOMI KHUSUS BAGI ORANG ASLI PAPUA (TINJAUAN DESENTRALISASI ASIMETRIS DI INDONESIA)
Authors: Sri Kusuma Dewi Ni Luh Putu Geney
Published: August 2021

Decentralization is one of the political choices in order to ensure the implementation of government affairs in the regions. History has noted that Indonesia has attempted (still) an ideal formula in the administration of local government, starting from the implementation of symmetrical or asymmetrical decentralization. This is not an easy matter considering the diversity that exists in each region, so a special method is needed to be able to fulfill the wishes of each region proportionally. The decentralization that Indonesia needs does not seem to be just ordinary decentralization, empirically Indonesia has actually implemented what is called asymmetric decentralization or decentralization that is not the same/not uniform for each region. The Papua region is an example of the implementation of asymmetric decentralization, but the problem is that the special labeling of the region reflects an asymmetrical framework, namely a serious effort designed to accommodate regional needs by considering all aspects based on regional needs. This means that in granting asymmetric decentralization to a region, it does not mean that it only fulfills sporadic needs based on bad experiences, namely the failure to carry out symmetrical decentralization as in other regions. Therefore, the author considers it important to analyze more deeply the special labeling for Papua has been given in accordance with the asymmetric decentralization framework or only meets sporadic demands to anticipate the issue of disintegration.
Report of the 7th forum of the African Union Commission on International Law / Rapport du 7e forum de la Commission de l’Union africaine sur le droit international
Authors: Ayensu Kathleen Quartey
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION The African Union Commission on International Law (the AUCIL) was established as an advisory organ on the basis of Article 5(2) of the Constitutive Act of the African Union. On February 4, 2009 the Executive Council of the Union adopted the operational Statute of the AUCIL. The objectives of the AUCIL, inter alia, are to undertake activities relating to the codification and progressive development of international law on the African continent with special reference to the laws of the Union, including African customary law arising from the practice of Member States (Article 4(4)). Furthermore, the AUCIL shall cooperate and collaborate in the teaching, study and dissemination of International law and African Union law, with universities, institutions and other educational and research bodies, and lawyers’ associations (Article 9). For several years now, the AUCIL has held an annual Forum as a means to fulfill these goals. The AUCIL convened its 7th Forum on 10 and 11 December, 2018, at the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. The Theme for the Forum was, “MANAGEMENT OF AFRICA’S NATURAL RESOURCES’’. This theme was deliberated on the context of African Union Agenda 2063. Officers for the Seventh Forum were: Chairman of Forum: Hon Judge Ismael Abdi Hersi, Vice-Chairperson of AUCIL Rapporteur General of Forum: Hon Kathleen Quartey Ayensu, AUCIL Commissioner In attendance: Ag Executive Secretary, Dr Guy-Fleury Ntwari, and selected Attorneys from the Office of the Legal Counsel, African Union Commission.
The legal frameworks of the Nile Basin: Opportunities and challenges / Cadres juridiques du bassin du Nil : opportunités et obstacles
Authors: Mekonnen Dereje Zeleke
Published: August 2021

The use of shared natural resources is a difficult task and the use of trans-boundary freshwater resources poses an even greater challenge, with a higher propensity for conflict. The belated development of international law in the area has contributed considerably to the difficulties. The essence of the international legal regime governing the use of shared water resources is anchored in the twin principles of equitable and reasonable use and no significant harm. Concluding a lasting deal governing the use and protection of shared freshwater resources by taking all relevant factors into account within an inclusive legal and institutional framework is the standard approach. The Nile Basin exhibits peculiar features that make equitable and sustainable use of the water resources a daunting task, depriving the Basin states of the opportunity for cooperative development and shared use. Ensuring the equitable and sustainable use of the Nile waters has been an elusive objective pursued by the riparian countries for over half a century. The existing legal frameworks, especially the colonial and early postcolonial ones, still constitute a formidable challenge to the new cooperative legal framework that began to take shape in the late 1990s, thus keeping the Basin in a legal and hydro-political stasis that has stalled progress and might even undo hard-won achievements. L’utilisation des ressources communes est une tâche difficile et l’utilisation transfrontalière des ressources en eau douce pose encore un plus grand challenge avec une grande propension au conflit. Le développement tardif du droit international dans la région a considérablement contribué aux problèmes. L’essence du régime juridique international régissant l’utilisation commune des ressources en eaux est soutenue par le double principe de l’utilisation équitable et raisonnable et pas de préjudice significatif. L’approche standard est de conclure un accord durable régissant l’utilisation et la protection des ressources communes en eau douce tenant en compte tous les facteurs importants dans un cadre juridique et institutionnel inclusif. Le Bassin du Nil présente des caractéristiques particulières qui rend l’utilisation équitable et raisonnable des ressources en eau une tâche ardue privant ainsi les États du Bassin de la possibilité d’un développement coopératif et d’une utilisation partagée. Assurer l’utilisation équitable et durable des eaux du Nil est un objectif illusoire poursuivi par les pays riverains depuis plus d’un demi-siècle. Les régimes juridiques existants, ceux spécialement coloniaux et post coloniaux, constituent toujours un énorme obstacle pour le nouveau régime juridique coopératif qui a commencé à prendre forme vers la fin des années 1990, maintenant ainsi le Bassin dans une stagnation juridique et hydro-politique qui a freiné les progrès et pourrait même éventuellement défaire les accomplissements durement acquis.
Overcoming the challenges of community-engaged emergency referrals in a rural district of Pakistan
Authors: Imran Naeem Abbasi  , Siddiqi Sameen
Published: August 2021

A functional referral system for addressing maternal and child health issues requires coordinated efforts by health system stakeholders and community. Using Rural Health Program (RHP) Thatta as platform provided by an academic institution, district health system stakeholders and community of Mirpur Sakro taluka of Thatta were engaged to strengthen the emergency referral system for maternal and child health emergencies through active community engagement. Through combined consultation, referral system plan for maternal and child health emergencies was developed. Community volunteers from each village liaised for transportation, referring patients to health facilities and maintaining referral documentation. An ambulance service under contract with health department and private transporters were taken on-board to facilitate patients’ transportation. Community’s experiences of referral system were assessed through qualitative in-depth interviews. Patients’ experiences of referral system improved but faced structural challenges including out of pocket transport expenses, direct self-referrals,
Continuous...
Jornada pela vida no cosmos
Authors: Maciel Costa Felipe Sérvulo
Published: August 2021

Nos últimos anos, uma nova ciência vem se destacando entre as áreas de conhecimento científico: a astrobiologia, um campo multidisciplinar derivado da astronomia e que ainda é raramente abordado em livros didáticos ou até mesmo na sala de aula. O presente artigo descreve uma experiência pedagógica com alunos de uma disciplina eletiva, dentro da parte diversificada do currículo do ensino médio/técnico da Escola Cidadã Integral Técnica Estadual Melquíades Vilar, localizada no município de Taperoá, Paraíba, Brasil. Os alunos tiveram a oportunidade de conhecer parte do arcabouço teórico da astrobiologia, realizaram experimentos, oficinas, e participaram de aulas de campo. Ao final da aplicação do projeto da disciplina, foram alcançadas melhorias no índice de aprendizagem dos alunos nas disciplinas da área de ciências da natureza e matemática, especialmente aquelas associadas à astronomia. Especificamente, durante a aplicação do projeto, houve um crescimento nas médias das disciplinas de física, química, biologia e matemática (todas elas abordadas direta e indiretamente no projeto) o que refletiu, por sua vez, no interesse geral dos alunos nestas componentes curriculares. O projeto, portanto, forneceu resultados pedagógicos positivos.
As estrelas Cefeidas enquanto velas-padrão
Authors: Iria Machado Daniel
Published: August 2021

A relação entre o período e a luminosidade das estrelas cefeidas está na base de um método fundamental para a determinação de distâncias a galáxias próximas. Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma tradução do inglês para o português do trabalho de Henrietta Swan Leavitt no qual a relação período-luminosidade foi originalmente proposta.
Espectroscopia solar com instrumento alternativo
Authors: Schmidt Guilherme , Benincá Thalita , Oliveira Adriano
Published: August 2021

Neste trabalho, os monitores do Observatório Astronômico do Ifes Guarapari (OAIG), que são alunos do Ensino Médio, construíram um espectroscópio baseado no trabalho de Azevedo, Souza e Castro, de 2019. Como a proposta era desenvolver um instrumento de baixo custo e acessível, foram feitas algumas modificações no modelo. Essas alterações consistiram na substituição da rede de difração por um DVD e também na troca do dispositivo de captura de imagem por uma webcam. O aparato construído foi utilizado para coletar o espectro solar.Apesar das limitações impostas, devido a faixa de sensibilidade da webcam e ao poder de resolução do DVD, os resultados obtidos mostraram que algumas linhas de Fraunhofer coincidem com aquelas presentes na literatura, com destaque para o Fe I e Mg I.Apesar desta limitação, o aparato cumpre seu objetivo didático e possibilita a abordagem de temas ligados à física quântica e a óptica física. Por outro lado, o uso da CCD e de uma rede de difração comercial com mais ranhuras, melhorariam significativamente os resultados obtidos, do mesmo modo que, aumentaria o custo de construção.
A Mulher em Tripla Jornada: Discussão Sobre a Divisão das Tarefas em Relação ao Companheiro
Authors: Mota-Santos Carolina , Azevedo Alcinéia Parreiras de , Lima-Souza Érica
Published: August 2021

O objetivo desse trabalho foi compreender a atual situação da mulher: casada, mãe, estudante e profissional em relação aos aspectos pessoais e profissionais; e como se dá a divisão de tarefas do lar e cuidados com os filhos em relação ao companheiro. A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa foi realizada com 19 mulheres na faixa de 21 a 60 anos. As contribuições desse trabalho estão em avançar na discussão sobre os desafios da mulher contemporânea que além de ter as demandas do lar, trabalha e estuda. Foi possível observar que a relação da mulher com o trabalho e o lar ainda é marcada por questões culturais relacionadas ao gênero e reforçadas por elas mesmas, que se sentem mais responsáveis pelos cuidados com os filhos e pelas tarefas domésticas que os companheiros e relativizam, e até enaltecem, qualquer participação deles nestas atividades.
Cardarine (GW501516) Effects on Improving Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Park Jeremy , Kim Joon Young
Published: August 2021

The present study hypothesized that treatment with GW501516 (a selective PPAR-δ agonist) lowers lipids by increasing fatty acid oxidation without adverse effects on oxidative stress. Caucasian men (age 18-50 years, n=18) were randomly assigned to treatment with GW501516, GW590735, or placebo for two weeks while residing in a clinical research facility. A meal tolerance test, skeletal muscle biopsy, and blood/breath sampling were conducted. The study reported that treatment with GW501516 ameliorated multiple metabolic abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome including oxidative stress, obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, all while increasing fatty acid oxidation. Notably, no adverse effects were reported. However, the restricted living conditions and/or diets that the participants were subjected to likely do not resemble their normal lifestyle. Therefore, the beneficial effects of GW501516 on metabolic health observed in the study should further be investigated in a real-life setting. During participant recruitment, the use of dietary supplements were minimally considered, thereby increasing the risk for confounding effects on the metabolic parameters assessed in the study. Also, recruiting a larger and more diverse population would allow for a more detailed analysis that may benefit a broader range of people (i.e., examining the effects of GW501516 in certain ethnic groups or with/without exercise programs). Additional research on GW501516 and other PPAR-δ agonists is encouraged since it appears that this class of drugs can ameliorate multiple metabolic syndrome features. Future studies should consider additional metrics relevant to metabolic syndrome such as C-reactive protein, cortisol, and homocysteine.
LA DEPENDENCIA ECONÓMICA LOCAL. UN ESTUDIO DE LOS ENTES MUNICIPALES DE LA COMUNIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL PAÍS VASCO
Authors: PÉREZ CASTAÑOS SERGIO
Published: August 2021

Este artículo versa sobre las relaciones intergubernamentales existentes
en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco y como los diferentes conflictos
y regulaciones existentes han influido en la situación económico-financiera de los
ayuntamientos vascos. En un primer momento se explicará la estructura institucional
y de relaciones intergubernamentales existente en el seno de la Comunidad
Autónoma para después, explicitar el entramado legal existente tanto en el ámbito
competencial como financiero para los entes locales. Finalmente, se aportarán
una serie de datos económicos del período 2009-2012 para explicitar cuál es la situación
económica municipal y cuál ha sido su evolución a lo largo de los últimos
años. Para concluir, se aportarán algunas conclusiones y pautas futuras.

Artikulu hau Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko gobernuen arteko
harremanei buruzkoa da, baita gatazkek eta erregulazioen arteko aldeek Euskadiko
udalen egoera ekonomiko-finantzarioan izan duten eraginari buruzkoa ere. Hasieran,
Autonomia Erkidegoaren egitura instituzionala eta gobernuen arteko harremanak
azalduko dira; ondoren, udal-erakundeen eskumenen eta finantzaren arloetako
legeak esplikatuko dira. Azkenik, 2009-2012 aldiko zenbait datu ekonomiko erabiliz,
udalen egoera ekonomikoa zein den eta azken urteetako bilakaera azalduko dira.
Amaitzeko, hainbat ondorio eta etorkizunerako jarraibideak ere emango dira.

This article deals with the intergovernmental relationships within
the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country and how the different conflicts
and existing regulations have influenced the economic and financial situation
of the Basque municipalities. Firstly, we will explain the institutional framework
and the intergovernmental relationship within the Autonomous Community and
thereafter explicit the existing legal scheme both in the field of competences
and in the economic field for the local entities. Finally, some economic data of the
2009-2012 period will be supplied in order to make it clear which is the municipal
economic situation and the last years¿ evolution. To conclude, some conclusions
and future guidelines are given.
КӘСІПОРЫННЫҢ МҮЛІКТІК КЕШЕНДЕРІН ЖАҢҒЫРТУ ЖӘНЕ ДАМЫТУ ЖОЛДАРЫ (WAYS OF MODERNIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISE PROPERTY COMPLEXES)
Authors: Aldeshova Samal , Akhmetova Gulmira , Baimukhanova Maiya , Kulbatyrov Amangeldy
Published: August 2021

Ең алдымен стратегиялық инвестициялық жобалар қаржыландыру көздерінің құрамын, сонымен қатар анықтайтын қаржылық қолдауды қамтиды. Себебі мүліктік қатынас бойынша қаржыландыру көздерінің негізгі бөлігі жүретіні бәрімізге белгілі. Қаржыландыру көздеріне меншікке жататын қаржылар, берешек қаржылар және тартылған қаражаттар жатады.
Инвестициялық қоржын меншікті бағдарламасы болып табылатын трансформациялаудың едәуір бөлігі. Іріктелген салымдық жобалардың жиынтығын осы мекемеде жүзеге асыруға негізделеді. Әрі қарай оңтайлы инвестициялық қоржынның түсінігін қарастыруға болады. Жалпы оңтайлы инвестициялық қоржын деп инвестициялық жобалардың жиынтығын айтуға болады. Ол инвестициядан пайданы қамтамасыз ететін тиімді құрал.
Мүліктік қайта құрылымдау жүзеге асырылады инвестициялық жобаларды іске асыру арқылы. Олардың әрқайсысы белгілі бір инвестиция көлемімен сипатталады. Инвестициялар дегеніміз - жобаларды жүзеге асыруға салынған қаражат және басқа да капитал.
Мақаланы жазу барысында операциялық мүліктік кешендердің құрылымдық, технологиялық және ұйымдастырушылық өзгерістері бойынша шаралар кешенін және инвестициялық жобаларды іске асырудың ұзақ мерзімді жоспарын ұсынатын мүліктік қайта құрылымдау бағдарламасы ұсынылды. Мекеменің экономикалық өсу стратегиясына сәйкестелетін және жаңа сапалы жағдайға әкелетін операциялық мүліктік кешенді (ОМК) өзгерту жөніндегі мақсатты үдерістерменшікті трансформациялау болып табылады.
Leveraging latent persistency in the United States patent and trademark applications to gain insight into the evolution of an innovation-driven economy
Authors: Daizadeh Iraj
Published: August 2021

Objective: An understanding of when one or more external factors may influence the evolution of innovation tracking indices (such as US patent and trademark applications (PTA)) is an important aspect of examining economic progress/regress. Using exploratory statistics, the analysis uses a novel tool to leverage the long-range dependency (LRD) intrinsic to PTA to resolve when such factor(s) may have caused significant disruptions in the evolution of the indices, and thus give insight into substantive economic growth dynamics. Approach: This paper explores the use of the Chronological Hurst Exponent (CHE) to explore the LRD using overlapping time windows to quantify long-memory dynamics in the monthly PTA time-series spanning 1977 to 2016. Results/Discussion: The CHE is found to increase in a clear S-curve pattern, achieving persistence (H~1) from non-persistence (H~0.5). For patents, the inflection occurred over a span of 10 years (1980-1990), while it was much sharper (3 years) for trademarks (1977-1980). Conclusions/Originality/Value: This analysis suggests (in part) that the rapid augmentation in R&D expenditure and the introduction of the various patent directed policy acts (e.g., Bayh-Dole, Stevenson-Wydler) are the key impetuses behind persistency, latent in PTA. The post-1990’s  exogenic factors seem to be simply maintaining the high degree and consistency of the persistency metric. These findings suggest investigators should consider latent persistency when using these data and the CHE may be an important tool to investigate the impact of substantive exogenous variables on growth dynamics.
A tatuagem em pele humana como documento e elemento biométrico para identificação humana
Authors: Reis Patrícia , Francisco Santos Fillho Eudaldo
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Demonstrar que o conceito de documento assume contextos e configurações diversas encetando para a possibilidade de um elemento biométrico.
Método: Abordagem qualitativa e fundamentação dentro de uma concepção teórica a partir dos estudos de Paul Otlet, Suzanne Briet e Jean Meyriat. Por existir uma conexão lógica nas teorias defendidas e consolidadas pelos autores supracitados, a análise bibliográfica se fez necessária para a compreensão da obra e do que já foi estudado.
Resultado: Evidencia que a discussão teórica apresentada corrobora para a definição da tatuagem como documento, passível de novas abordagens, ordenamento científico e ideológico. Desperta para o estabelecimento lógico na sua classificação e ordenação enquanto parametrização e taxonomia da tatuagem como documento.
Conclusões: Por ser a biometria um elemento de identificação humana, é preciso avançar no seu estudo para validar a pele enquanto suporte de informação. Torna-se concreto avançar nos estudos a fim de conceber um sistema de informação em que a sua arquitetura contemple os dados da tatuagem, visando sua organização e recuperação para facilitar a identificação humana. Conclui ser um estudo embrionário em que áreas díspares dialogam a fim de serem complementadas e aperfeiçoadas.
A proposal for tsunami mitigation by using coastal vegetations
Authors: Mardiatno Djati
Published: August 2021

This research was conducted at the southern coastal area of central Java Island, Indonesia. It is aimed to identify several coastal vegetation characteristics for development of guideline for planning and design of tsunami mitigation. Survey method was applied to observe common coastal vegetation in the research area. Data collected from the survey consisted of vegetation parameters and coastal morphology. All selected vegetations were analyzed for their allometry relation of each species, maximum density, correlation between breaking moment and trunk diameter of each tree species, and correlation between trunk diameter and spacing between trees for each species. For coastal morphology, it was focused on topography and elevation from sea level.

The results show that trees with the hard wood will be stronger to hold the pull moment on the main trunk. Younger trees with smaller diameter tend to be more flexible, thus they will unbreakable during the test. The other trees which have flexible trunk such as Terminalia catappa and Anacardium occidentale were often pulled out their roots than broken on their trunks. To obtain more extensive characteristic, it is necessary to carry out advanced measurements, especially on the older trees which have more than 10 cm diameter.

Coastal areas consist of mud and sand materials tend to have a high tsunami risk, although mitigation treatments were different for both types. At the muddy area, the recommended vegetation are Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata, meanwhile Casuarina equisetifolia and Anacardium occidentale, due to their high flexibility, will be more suitable on the sandy coast. Both types should be planted parallel to the shoreline. Casuarina is planted in the frontline followed by Anacardium behind it.
Simulation of upward flux from shallow water-table using UPFLOW model
Authors: Ali M.H. , Abustan I. , Islam S.
Published: August 2021

The upward movement of water by capillary rise from shallow water-table to the root zone is an important incoming flux. For determining exact amount of irrigation requirement, estimation of capillary flux or upward flux is essential. Simulation model can provide a reliable estimate of upward flux under variable soil and climatic conditions. In this study, the performance of model UPFLOW to estimate upward flux was evaluated. Evaluation of model performance was performed with both graphical display and statistical criteria. In distribution of simulated capillary rise values against observed field data, maximum data points lie around the 1:1 line, which means that the model output is reliable and reasonable. The coefficient of determination between observed and simulated values was 0.806 (r = 0.93), which indicates a good inter-relation between observed and simulated values. The relative error, model efficiency, and index of agreement were found as 27.91%, 85.93% and 0.96, respectively. Considering the graphical display of observed and simulated upward flux and statistical indicators, it can be concluded that the overall performance of the UPFLOW model in simulating actual upward flux from a crop field under variable water-table condition is satisfactory. Thus, the model can be used to estimate capillary rise from shallow water-table for proper estimation of irrigation requirement, which would save valuable water from over-irrigation.
Bioinformatics analysis and biological experiments support an emerging role of ELK3 in glioma
Authors: Dong Jiangtao , Xu Hui , Chen Fulei , Wang Shilong , Wang Yang , Zhu Licang
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Glioma is a malignant tumor that recurs easily. This study aimed at investigating the biological effect of ELK3 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its prognostic value.

Material and methods

Bioinformatics analyses were performed to determine the expression and prognostic value of ELK3. The biological properties of glioma cells (A172 and LN229) were evaluated by cell counting kit-8, plate cloning and transwell assays. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) website was used to analyze the relationship between ELK3 expression and EMT-related markers. Western blotting was applied to detect the protein levels.

Results

ELK3 is highly expressed in glioma and significantly associated with poor prognosis (p < 0.05), presenting promising value in the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of glioma. Further biological assays revealed that cell viability was notably reduced after down-regulating ELK3 (p < 0.01). The numbers of colonies formed by A172 (145.30 ± 12.86 vs. 300.30 ± 11.68) and LN229 (125.70 ± 4.04 vs. 256.00 ± 20.07) cells were decreased after transfection of si-ELK3 (p < 0.01). The numbers of invaded and migrated glioma cells in si-ELK3 group were decreased by about half (p < 0.01). Moreover, ELK3 was positively correlated with N-Cadherin (R = 0.21), Snail1 (R = 0.43), Slug (R = 0.6) and Vimentin (R = 0.35), and depletion of ELK3 reduced the levels of these EMT-related markers more than a half (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Our observations illustrated that ELK3 was highly expressed in glioma and played a promoting role in the growth and mobility of glioma cells partly by modulating EMT progress.
Een theoretische en methodologische analyse van empirisch onderzoek naar psychisch welbevinden in zelfsturende teams
Authors: van Mierlo Heleen , G. Rutte Christel , A.J. Kompier Michiel , A.C.M. Doorewaard Hans
Published: August 2021

A theoretical and methodological analysis of empirical studies on psychological well-being in self-managing teams

A theoretical and methodological analysis of empirical studies on psychological well-being in self-managing teams

H. van Mierlo, C.G. Rutte, M.A.J. Kompier, H.A.C.M. Doorewaard, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 17, February 2004, nr.1, pp 43-58.

In this review of literature we discuss 28 empirical studies on self-managing teams and psychological well-being. Taken together, these studies provide surprisingly little ground for general conclusions with regard to the effects of self-managing teams on the well-being of team members. The only variable that is consistently related to self-managing teamwork is job satisfaction. To gain insight in the possible causes for the lack of consistent results, the design of the studies is critically examined. It is concluded that researchers largely ignore the multilevel character of their research domain. Preliminary evidence is presented for the assumption that the inconsistent results may in part be explained by the way researchers deal with this multilevel character. It is therefore argued that future studies on self-managing teams and well-being should pay more attention to level issues, both in theoretical development and in data collection and statistical treatment.
Leiderschap in organisaties: start van een nieuwe reeks
Authors: N. den Hartog Deanne , L. Koopman Paul , Vinkenburg Claartje
Published: August 2021

For decades, leadership has been a central theme in international social sciences studies. The central focus varies from leadership styles, to perceptions of leadership and personality traits of leaders. Another subject that has been examined using various methods is the effect of leaders on performance and attitudes of employees. Attention has also been given to the impact of various aspects of the context in which leaders work. Ever since its first issue was published, Gedrag & Organisatie has printed all kinds of articles on leadership. In the upcoming issues of Gedrag & Organisatie a series of articles will be published on developments in current leadership research in Dutch speaking regions. As an introduction to the series this article reviews leadership research as conducted to date, based on articles that have been published in Gedrag & Organisatie over the years.

For decades, leadership has been a central theme in international social sciences studies. The central focus varies from leadership styles, to perceptions of leadership and personality traits of leaders. Another subject that has been examined using various methods is the effect of leaders on performance and attitudes of employees. Attention has also been given to the impact of various aspects of the context in which leaders work. Ever since its first issue was published, Gedrag & Organisatie has printed all kinds of articles on leadership. In the upcoming issues of Gedrag & Organisatie a series of articles will be published on developments in current leadership research in Dutch speaking regions. As an introduction to the series this article reviews leadership research as conducted to date, based on articles that have been published in Gedrag & Organisatie over the years.
Impliciete leiderschapstheorieën en de perceptie van transformationeel leiderschap: een replicatie van Duits onderzoek
Authors: Schyns Birgit , Sanders Karin
Published: August 2021

Implicit leadership theories and the perception of transformational leadership: a replication of German research

Implicit leadership theories and the perception of transformational leadership: a replication of German research

Birgit Schyns & Karin Sanders, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 17, April 2004, nr. 2, pp. 143-154.

Results of a German study show that implicit leadership theories do influence the evaluation of leaders. In this article the German study is replicated in a Dutch situation. In an experimental setting, the effects of two implicit leadership theories, Romance of Leadership and transformational leadership, on the evaluation of a described leader were tested. The experiment was conducted as a two-point design: At time point one 81 Dutch students were questioned about their implicit leadership theories and at time point two the students evaluated descriptions of either a transformational or a transactional leader. As hypothesized (hypothesis 1) transformational leadership as an implicit leadership theory (ILT) has an effect on perceptions of the described leader. Hypothesis 2 could not be confirmed: Romance of leadership has no significant influence on perceptions of the described leader.
Behoefte aan leiderschap in organisaties: wie heeft het en waarom?
Authors: E. de Vries Reinout , A. Roe Robert , C.B. Taillieu Tharsi , J.M. Nelissen Nico
Published: August 2021

Who needs leadership in organizations and why?

Who needs leadership in organizations and why?

Reinout E. de Vries, Robert A. Roe, Tharsi C.B. Taillieu & Nico J.M. Nelissen, Gedrag & Organisatie, Volume 17, June 2004, nr. 3, pp. 204-226.

Leadership literature most often deals with the leader and his/her effects on the performance and attitudes of employees. In contrast with these so-called leader-centred models, the follower-centred 'need for leadership' model focuses on the employee and his/her needs and wishes towards the leadership role. The model proposes that leadership effects are dependent on an employee's actual need for leadership. This article reviews the research on the effects of need for leadership on various individual and organizational leadership outcomes. Additionally, results of studies on the relative prevalence of various leadership needs – leadership functions that employees do and do not need – and predictors of need for leadership are presented. In particular, the article addresses the extent to which need for leadership is based on situational context or personal characteristics of the employee. Based on the findings presented here, the following is concluded: a) employees most strongly need a leader's 'connecting' function (to arrange things with higher management and to pass on information), b) leaders may have a different perception of employees' need for leadership than employees themselves, and c) need for leadership is mainly predicted by personal characteristics of employees, such as age, education, expertise and personality, and by the perceived style of the leader him-/herself.
De psychologie van arbeid en gezondheid: verleden, heden en toekomst
Authors: Schaufeli Wilmar
Published: August 2021

Occupational Health Psychology: past, present and future

Occupational Health Psychology: past, present and future

Wilmar Schaufeli, Gedrag & Organisatie, Volume 17, October 2004, nr. 5, pp. 327-341

Occupational Health Psychology (OHP) concerns studying and improving employees' health and well-being. Although some psychologists pioneered the field a long time ago, OHP emerged relatively recent in the 1990s. The Netherlands have played an important role in its development, since OHP found a fertile soil in the country's legal, political, social, psychological, and institutional climate. In view of both external (i.e. societal) and internal (i.e. scientific) developments the future of OHP research is described. In particular, some important results and future challenges of five different types of research are discussed: explanatory, descriptive, tool development, intervention and organizational change research, respectively. The article concludes with the observation that the current 'negative' approach of OHP that focuses on unhealthiness, unwell-being and malfunctioning is evolving towards a more 'positive' approach that focuses on health, well-being and optimal functioning.
Reflexiviteit van teams: ontwikkeling van een instrument
Authors: C. Schippers Michaéla , N. Den Hartog Deanne , L. Koopman Paul
Published: August 2021

Team reflexivity: developing an instrument

Team reflexivity: developing an instrument

Michaéla C. Schippers, Deanne N. Den Hartog & Paul L. Koopman, Gedrag & Organsiatie, Volume 18, April 2005, nr. 2, pp. 83-102

Reflexivity – the extent to which teams reflect upon and modify their functioning - has been identified as an important factor in the effectiveness of work teams. In this article the results of a study among fifty-nine teams from fourteen different organizations are described. The aim was to develop a questionnaire to measure (aspects of) reflexivity. Confirmative factor analyses identified two factors of reflection: Evaluation/learning and discussing processes. Positive relationships between reflexivity and two measures of team performance were found. The implications and possible areas of future research are discussed.
Transformationeel leiderschap en carrière maken: sekseverschillen in consequenties van effectief leiderschap
Authors: L. van Engen Marloes , J. Vinkenburg Claartje
Published: August 2021

Transformational leadership and career making: sex differences in consequences of effective leadership

Transformational leadership and career making: sex differences in consequences of effective leadership

Marloes L. van Engen & Claartje J. Vinkenburg, Gedrag & Organisatie, Volume 18, April 2005, nr. 2, pp. 103-121

Despite indications that women, when compared to men, make more use of the effective leadership styles (i.e. transformational leadership) and less use of ineffective leadership styles (transactional and laissez-faire leadership), women in top level leadership positions remain scarce. In this study the relationship between leadership styles and career making is examined. Respondents indicated the degree to which leadership behaviors, measured by 36 items of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, were likely to lead to the promotion of male and female managers to middle, higher and top management positions. The results show that transformational leadership, especially 'inspirational motivation', contributes to a larger extent to getting promoted than transactional and laissez-faire leadership. 'Individualized consideration' was found to be more important for the promotion of female managers than for the promotion of male managers. Meanwhile, 'individualized consideration' and 'contingent reward' were seen as particularly important for promotions to middle and higher management levels, and less so for promotions to top management levels. Thus, female managers may be confronted with the paradox that the style that is seen as most suitable for them is not the style that helps them to get promoted to the top level of organizations.
Sociale rechtvaardigheid, psychologisch terugtrekgedrag en ziekteverzuim
Authors: Karregat Simone , Steensma Herman
Published: August 2021

Social justice, psychological withdrawal and absenteeism

Social justice, psychological withdrawal and absenteeism

Simone Karregat & Herman Steensma, Gedrag & Organisatie, Volume 18, June 2005, nr. 3, pp. 139-155.

The social justice phenomenon has rarely been fully associated with absenteeism. Although both forms of justice interact, distributive justice in this context is often over-exposed at the cost of procedural forms of justice. In this study, the effects of both distributional and procedural justice on absenteeism are investigated. Besides a full or partial mediating effect of procedural justice on absenteeism by way of distributional justice, a mediating effect is assumed through psychological forms of withdrawal, such as job dissatisfaction, lack of organizational commitment and both group and individual tolerances towards absenteeism. A study among 90 employees (re-sponse rate 84%) of a for profit service company, showed that the reaction to experienced injustice is psychological rather than behavioural by nature. Feelings of distributive as well as procedural injustice increase job dissatisfaction. Although direct and mediating effects on absenteeism have not been established, the results do not exclude the possibility of an indirect effect through decreased job satisfaction and an increased individual tolerance towards absenteeism.
Werk/privé-cultuur en de houding van managers ten aanzien van werk/privé-beleid in de financiële sector
Authors: den Dulk Laura , de Ruijter Judith
Published: August 2021

Work-life culture and attitude of managers towards work/non-work policies in the financial sector

Work-life culture and attitude of managers towards work/non-work policies in the financial sector

Laura den Dulk & Judith de Ruijter, Gedrag & Organisatie, Volume 18, 2005, pp. 280-295.

What attitudes do managers in the financial sector hold towards work/non-work policies, such as flexible working hours and parental leave? To what degree do managers support requests of employees who want to exercise these policies and to what extent are their attitudes influenced by organizational culture? Attitudes of managers were measured in a vignette study in three organizations in the financial sector. Organizational culture was measured independently, through a survey among a sample of employees. The findings show that the more an organization supports the work/non-work balance, the more positively its managers respond to employee requests. In general, managers assess requests of female employees more positive than male employees' requests. Furthermore, characteristics of both the request itself and the employee filing the request, influence managers' assessments especially if the organizations' attitude towards work-life balance is ambiguous.
Leren op het werk: Een handelingstheoretisch perspectief
Authors: Taris Toon , Kompier Michiel , Wielenga-Meijer Etty
Published: August 2021

Employee learning and task characteristics: An action-theoretical perspective

Employee learning and task characteristics: An action-theoretical perspective

Toon Taris, Michiel Kompier & Etty Wielenga-Meijer, Gedrag & Organisatie, Volume 19, Maart 2006, nr. 1, pp. 69-89

This study examines employee learning behavior as a function of task characteristics. Karasek and Theorell's (1990) Demand-Control (DC) model proposes that high levels of learning will occur when both job demands and job control are high. We consider the evidence for this assumption, arguing that the conceptual foundations of the DC model regarding the processes accounting for learning behavior are weak, while interpersonal differences in the learning process are largely neglected. We then discuss the relationship between learning and task characteristics from the perspective of German Action Theory (AT). AT explicitly discusses the mechanisms accounting for the relationship between task characteristics and learning, also assigning a role to interpersonal differences. Finally, we present a model that integrates action-theoretical insights on learning with DC-based empirical results.
De invloed van gedragssturing op de werkplek op de betrokkenheid en prestaties van medewerkers: een test van twee alternatieve verklaringen
Authors: Dewettinck Koen , Buyens Dirk
Published: August 2021

The impact of behavioral control in the workplace on employee affective commitment and performance levels: testing two alternative explanations

The impact of behavioral control in the workplace on employee affective commitment and performance levels: testing two alternative explanations

Koen Dewettinck & Dirk Buyens,Gedrag & Organisatie, Volume 19, Juni 2006, nr. 2, pp. 161.

In this study, we proposed and empirically tested a process model in which supervisory behavioral control is linked to frontline employee affective commitment and performance levels. We tested two alternative explanations by investigating the intermediate role of job autonomy and situational learning orientation, using multiple-source survey data from a sample of 1184 frontline service employees and their supervisors. Results indicate that situational learning orientation is an important construct in linking behavioral control to performance. Job autonomy showed to be important in explaining employee outcomes, but was as such only marginally related to behavioral control. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.