bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional Differences and Spatial Pattern Evolution of Mineral Resources Industry in China
Authors: Jiang Rui , Liu Chunxue , Liu Xiaowei , Li Leilei
Published: March 2020

The mineral resources industry is the basic industry of national economy in the world. The distribution of mineral resources industry is often not matched with the areas with rich mineral resources. This paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of industrial added value of mineral resources in the mining and dressing industry, smelting and processing industry in China. Energy and metal mineral resource industries are focused on. The results show that the distribution of each link of the mineral resources industry does not match the resource enrichment area. The scope of the mining and dressing industry has expanded, mainly in the north of China, and the smelting and processing industry continues to gather in the coastal provinces. Energy mining and dressing industry is mainly located in the north of China, and the processing industry is mainly distributed in the middle and east of China. The metal mineral resources industry mainly depends on resource endowment. Metal products industry is different, mainly distributed in the coastal provinces with relatively developed processing technology.
Prediction of twisting Machine Speed based on improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm
Authors: Wang Yannian , Zhai Weixun , Li Xiongfei , Zhong Zheng
Published: March 2020

In order to predict the conversion of process parameters to roller and spindle speed in the production of twisting machine in textile mill, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the prediction model based on BP neural network, the optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal solution of neural network weight and bias, and the BP neural network algorithm is used to predict the speed value of roller and spindle. The improved single neural network is easy to fall into the problem of local minimum and slow convergence speed. The experimental data show that the prediction data on BP neural network based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm are accurate and the error is small. It can be seen that the prediction model can meet the needs of speed prediction in twisting machine production.
Indonesia’s New Petroleum Fiscal Regime: Fiscal Changes, Impacts and Future Trends
Authors: Yun Peng , Jia Li , Jie Xin Yi , Du Fen Sun , Yu Wen Chang , Hong Wei Li , Zhaozhe  , Feng Gao
Published: March 2020

Indonesia has its special influence on the world petroleum industry not only due to its relatively abundant resources but also to its historical influence on world petroleum fiscal regimes. The newly enacted EMER regulation on Gross Split PSC in 2017 was the biggest structural change of Indonesia’s petroleum fiscal regime in a decade and will have profound influence on Indonesia’s Petroleum Industry. This research compares the detailed fiscal terms between Indonesia’s standard PSC and Gross Split PSC and further analyse the possible negative impacts based on model economic evaluation analysis as well as qualitative analysis. In conclusion, the Gross split PSC has negative impacts on contractor economics and may deter new investments in oil and gas exploration and development. Although the gross split PSC brings the simpler administration and better structure of fiscal progressivity. The change to Gross Split PSC reflects Indonesia’s long fiscal policy trend of increasing government take and strengthening government control. However, Indonesia’s government will also bring more incentives to offset the negative impacts of fiscal regime change and thrive to balance between improving government benefits and attracting foreign investments to revitalize oil and gas exploration and development.
Research and Application of Fracturing Fluid Preparation with Produced water in Erlian Oilfield
Authors: Zhang Bin , Wang Meisi , Li Ning , Zhang Dejun , Wang Peng , Weng Guopeng , Zhang Yifei , Long Changjun , Zeng Zhiguo , Ning Mengmeng
Published: March 2020

Aiming at the problem of shortage of clean water resources and mixing fracturing fluid in winter in Erlian oilfield, the technology of producing water to prepare fracturing fluid was studied. Horizontal comparison of water samples from four combined oil and gas treatment stations shows that oil, surfactant and bacteria are the main factors that affect the indigestion of hydroxypropyl guar gum in oilfield produced water. Through the indoor research developed a new type of multi-functional cosolvent and explored the oilfield produced water confecting fracturing fluid formulation system: 0.3-0.5% hydroxypropyl guar gum +X% multifunctional cosolvent + 0.2% flow-back agent + 0.4-0.6% crosslinking agent. This technology simplifies the mixing process and reduces the amount of additives. The liquid still has a high viscosity after being placed for more than 3 to 4 days in summer. In winter, using the produced water for mixing can reduce the influence of environmental temperature and ensure the smooth construction. After field application in well h5-19, the effect is outstanding, which provides important technical support for follow-up fracturing construction in Erlian oilfield.
Simulation Design and Numerical Analysis of Bearing Capacity of Water Lubricated Thrust Bearing
Authors: Zhang Haonan , Zheng Weigang , Li Fuxin
Published: March 2020

Thrust bearing is widely used in all kinds of rotating machines, and the lubrication capacity and bearing capacity of sliding bearing have very important evaluation parameters for the performance indexes of safety, economy and stability of the machine. With the proposal of national industrialization strategy, the development direction of all kinds of machines to high-speed and large-scale is becoming more and more clear. Therefore, the analysis of bearing capacity and lubrication performance of sliding bearing is becoming more and more important. The main goal of this paper is to carry out simulation design and optimization of bearing capacity of thrust bearing, and carry out numerical analysis of bearing capacity after optimization design. In the aspect of research methods, this paper applies the Reynolds equation and its boundary conditions to the analysis of machine bearing capacity, and discretizes the equation to a certain extent, so as to ensure that the factors that change the performance of water lubricated thrust bearing with the change of applicable conditions are taken into account. The hydrodynamic lubrication value of the water lubricated thrust bearing obtained by the experiment in this paper is consistent with the temperature field value of the finite solution, which shows that the measurement results of the water film thickness, pressure distribution and the temperature of the thrust pad in the experiment are in good agreement with the theoretical calculation results.
Parameters Optimization of a Direct Secondary Oblique Shock Wave Nozzle
Authors: Li Li , Wang Yanqi , Bi Yundong , Hu Chunyan
Published: March 2020

The structural optimization design of the secondary shock wave channel in a convergent-divergent nozzle is carried out with the latin hypercube design method and response surface methodology. The multi-island genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal solution with four designed parameters including the wedge wall angle of secondary flow chamber δ1, the inclined wall deflection angle of secondary flow chamber γ, the width of front vacuum chamber w1 and the distance from the secondary flow chamber to nozzle outlet e. The numerical results indicate that the direct secondary shock wave channel can increase the efficiency of the secondary flow and improve the nozzle performance. The influence on the thrust pitching angle δp is w1, e, γ, and δ1 following in order of decreasing influence.
Design of magnetic flux detection test system for moving target
Authors: Huang Kui , Xu Chaoqun , Liu Chaobo , Dai Jialong , Zhang Shaohua , Yi Zhong , Meng Lifei , Xiao Qi
Published: March 2020

Magnetic detection based on the principle of magnetic flux induction is an important method for moving target detection and tracking. This paper designs and develops a test system based on a magnetic flux detection method in a laboratory environment. The article first introduces the overall design scheme and various components of the test system. Based on the target’s magnetic and motion characteristics, a motion simulation test platform is designed and developed. Based on the theoretical derivation and numerical simulation of the magnetic target, a sensor is designed and manufactured. The signal acquisition and analysis equipment acquires and analyzes the induced signals. According to different test purposes, the corresponding test methods are designed and various tests are carried out. The results show that the system design can meet the test requirements of the magnetic flux detection system, which is helpful for further research and optimization of the detection method.
Experimental and numerical study on the efficiency of hydraulic collection utilizing two different suction inlets
Authors: Cheng Hui , Chen Yuxiang , Xiong Hong
Published: March 2020

Hydraulic collection has been shown to be a promising technology in deep sea mining. However, the efficiency of hydraulic collection is affected by many factors. For understanding the effect of inlets distinct from shapes on collecting efficiency, a series of upward pumping experiments was conducted on spheres. Flow fields at different inlets were described by numerical simulation and compared to uncover the influence of inlet shape on collecting the sphere. The experimental results indicate that straight cylindrical pipe with flanged inlet has a higher efficiency in collecting than the straight cylindrical pipe without flanged inlet. The numerical results show that the restriction of the flanged inlet lead to a larger area of negative pressure on the top of the sphere, which means a bigger upward force.
Study on the calibration method for tri-axis fluxgate gradiometer
Authors: Xu Chaoqun , Huang Kui , Zhang Shaohua , Meng Lifei
Published: March 2020

Aiming at the measurement errors caused by non-orthogonality, inconsistent sensitivity, zero-offset of the tri-axis fluxgate sensor and the position misalignment of two fluxgate sensors composed of the gradiometer, this paper establishes the correction model of measurement error of magnetometer and gradiometer, puts forward the comprehensive coefficient method, and uses the non-magnetic turntable to calibrate the Mag648 three-axis magnetometer and gradiometer in the uniform magnetic environment. The experimental results show that the method can reduce the maximum total magnetic field deviation of the two magnetometers from 552.4 nT to 15.0 nT, and reduce the maximum output deviation of the three-component gradiometer from 3891.5 nT to 37.2 nT, which effectively improves the reliability of the three-axis magnetic sensor in measurement.
Study on Technical Limits of Well Pattern Adjustment for the third type oillayer in middle part of Lamadian oilfield
Authors: Xu Chunsong
Published: March 2020

After the Lamadian oilfield enters the development period of ultra-high water cut, the third type oil layer will be in the stage of water flooding development in the medium and long term in the future. By recombining oillayers and rebuilding the well network, it is possible to better control the difference of oil layers, slowing plane, inter-layer and intra-layer contradictions, improving the development effect of multi oillayers sandstone reservoir in extra-high water cut period. This paper uses the subdivision of water-driven oillayers, recombining oillayers, many datas of field test, comprehensive analysising and studying the third type oil layer (Gao I6 and below), providing technical support for the adjustment of the well pattern network of the third type of oillayer development in the future, and forming an operational development model for the subdivision of water-driven oillayers, the reconstruction of well pattern in the development stage in ultra-high water cut.
Research on Application of BJZM-MWD1 Measurement While Drilling System
Authors: Yang Ming
Published: March 2020

Measurement While Drilling system has been more and more widely used in directional drilling construction on the surface of mines. The system provides guidance for drilling construction, because it can transmit drilling parameter signals such as the deviation angle, azimuth and tool face angle collected by downhole tools to the ground through the mud, and then the signals are analyzed and decoded by computer software to restore the actual parameter data. In drilling construction, the self-developed BJZM-MWD1 Measurement While Drilling system encountered problems such as great variation in the amplitude and width of mud pulse signals and the interference of pulse signals. By filtering and amplifying the mud pressure generated by the pulse signal, and improving software decoding algorithm, the stability and reliability of the system have been greatly improved, meeting the requirements in site construction.
Research and Application of Real-time Ship Traffic Intelligent Analysis and Calculation Platform under 5G Background
Authors: Jing Mei , Zheng Weigang
Published: March 2020

In the current navigation process, ships often encounter ship collision risk due to the lack of real-time channel information. In order to effectively avoid the collision risk of the ship, relevant researchers conduct research and development through VHF communication technology, satellite communication and GPS navigation and other mature technologies, aiming to build a complete marine ship navigation system. Although the application of this technology improves the disadvantageous situation of ship navigation to a certain extent, while it cannot accurately predict the route risk and real-time information about the ship.

With the commercial promotion of 5G network technology, by integrating 5G network technology into the process of ship navigation. On this basis, a special 5G communication ship traffic intelligent analysis platform is built, which can fundamentally strengthen the intelligence of ship navigation information collection and information collection. Through the content and construction of the 5G network, the information within the industry and between socially relevant departments can be exchanged and closely connected to avoid the generation of isolated information islands; and the scientific construction of information management can be achieved to effectively avert the risks of maritime navigation and practical to make sure the safety of ships sailing in dangerous waters has been strengthened.
Research on improved harmonic detection method based on instantaneous reactive power theory
Authors: Chen Lei , Ji Tiancheng , Qi Yingchuan , Zhao Hongtao , Ma Yanyan
Published: March 2020

In this paper, the problem of the low pass filter is difficult to achieve the response speed and the accuracy balance of the test based on the ip – iq
traditional harmonic current detection algorithm based on the instantaneous reactive power theory, and the method of improving the method of the low pass filter based on Sa-function characteristics is proposed. Then, according to the model, the filter is optimized by combining the ratio integral. Finally, the simulation is carried out. The simulation results show that the low pass filter based on the Sa-function characteristics can improve the real-time and accuracy of the harmonic detection.
A Brief Analysis of Land Subsidence Control Effect in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
Authors: Zhu Juyan , Guo Haipeng , Zang Xisheng , Wang Yunlong , Fan Gaodong
Published: March 2020

This article describes the history and the hazard of land subsidence in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, analyses the main inducement of land subsidence. And then, the change of land subsidence rate from 2015 to 2016 has been analysed. According to the analytic results, the land subsidence control effect in these two years in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebeiregion has been evaluated and the reasons of land subsidence changed has been analysed. At last, it points out the key measures in land subsidence control.
Research on Terrain Radiation Correction Based on PALSAR Dual Polarization Radar Image
Authors: Zheng Jie , Sun Jiaojiao , Wang Zilong , Xue Dongjian , Guo Yijiang
Published: March 2020

In the rugged mountains, the undulations of the terrain will affect the geometric and radiation characteristics of SAR imaging, resulting in SAR image distortion, which hinders its comprehensive application in the field of land subsidence monitoring, landslide disaster monitoring and so on. This article takes ALOS PALSAR as an example, combined with satellite orbit fitting technology to optimize parameters, based on the R-D positioning model, using DEM to simulate SAR images and extract parameters such as local incident angle, projection angle, and backscatter coefficient. The simulated SAR image is used to achieve the ortho-rectification of the original SAR image. The calculation method of the local incidence and projection angles and the backscattering coefficient is used to construct the terrain radiation correction model of the SAR image. The experimental results show that the research method is significantly effective, the mean square error of the radiant intensity of the image after correction is significantly reduced, and the texture characteristics of the image are significantly enhanced. This has certain practical significance for the application researchon SAR image in information extraction, interpretation, quantitative analysis and parameter inversion.
Feasibility Study of Soil and Water Conservation Project in a Small Watershed Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Zhang Jinglin
Published: March 2020

Aiming at the problem of soil and water loss, the multi-objective feasibility analysis of the soil and water conservation construction project was carried out. The analytic hierarchy process was used to establish a feasibility study comprehensive evaluation hierarchy analysis structure model, and the multi-indicator and feasibility of the research project were analysed. The conclusions have a wide range of applicability, which can well guide the planning and implementation of the project, and ensure that the problem of soil erosion is properly managed.
Simulation and experimental study on the airflow distribution in rectangular cross-section tunnels
Authors: Ding Cui , Meng Yanhua
Published: March 2020

Ventilation is quite important for mine safety. The airflow behavior and the influence of the ventilation parameters on the airflow distribution in rectangular tunnels were investigated by experimental and simulation methods. Then the relationship between the distribution feature of the average velocity and the parameters of tunnel cross-section was analyzed quantitatively by mathematical method. The results showed that the average velocity points show a continuous circular distribution and the simulation results were in accordance with the experimental results. The shape of cross-section is the critical factor influencing airflow behaviour, and the ventilation velocity had little influence on the distribution of the average velocity points. In the region where the velocity was larger than the average velocity, the velocity gradient was small, and as the distance to the wall increased, the velocity increased slowly. While in the region where the velocity was smaller than the average velocity, the velocity gradient was large, and the velocity changed more quickly. Based on the simulation and experimental data, a group of the characteristic equations were developed and the location of the average velocity can be obtained conveniently while the dimension of the tunnel was known.
Applicaton of comprehensive evaluation method of advantage channel in a block of Shengli Oilfield
Authors: Zhang Yanyu , Liu Tailin , Sun Xiaofei , Wang Xiangyu , Gong Hangfei
Published: March 2020

Using geological factors, production dynamics, dynamic monitoring and other data, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the linear water-driven system modeling method based on fuzzy particle swarm optimization are used to comprehensively identify the dominant seepage channel in a block of Shengli Oilfield. An identification system for the advantage channel of the block is formed. Let V ‘(T) be the partial derivative of reser
Reliability Analysis of Large Span Cable-stayed Bridges Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Wang Yu , Duan Kaikai , Liu Laijun , Guo Hongchao
Published: March 2020

a method of combining the support vector machine and the intelligent algorithm to perform reliability analysis on large span cable-stayed bridges was proposed in this paper. The algorithm is verified by an example, which shows that the algorithm has higher precision and can be extended to the actual project. Therefore, this paper takes Jiangmen North Street Waterway Bridge as the engineering background, uses the finite element software ANSYS to establish the cable-stayed bridge model and MATLAB software to compile the intelligent algorithm and data processing. It mainly analyzes the reliability of the main beam mid-span deflection, the cable stress and main tower stress of the North Street Waterway Bridge. Finally, the general limit range method is used to estimate the reliability index of the North Street waterway bridge structure system. The results show that the cable stay failure has the greatest impact on the reliability of the entire structural system, so it is necessary to pay attention to the maintenance and monitoring of stay cables.
Study on the Invasion Mechanism of Alien Species through Ship Activities
Authors: Lan Ru , Qiao Bing
Published: March 2020

This paper analyzes the harm of invasion of alien species caused by ship activities, and expounds the necessity and urgency of carrying out relevant research in China. This paper summarizes the research progress at home and abroad, analyzes the research defects, and proposes that the research on the invasion mechanism of alien species caused by ship activities in China should focus on solving the major scientific problems such as the process and evolution of the invasion disaster, the interaction between the invasion and the offshore ecological environment security. In addition, it is necessary to consider the different invasion stages of alien species, such as invasion-escape period, population establishment period, latent-lag period and spread-outbreak(disaster) period. Finally, the key technologies and implementation plans to solve major scientific problems are proposed. The results show that, the interpretation of the model is generally consistent with the actual situation. Through database construction and typical species experiments, the theoretical model of alien invasion mechanism introduced by ship activities is interpreted and proved.
Simulation and Implementation for Detection and Protection of Stator and Rotor Faults in 3-Ph Induction Motor Using Wavelet Energy Approach
Authors: Hussein Ameer M , Mustafa Fawzi M , Obed Adel A
Published: March 2020

Induction motors are affected by many electrical faults that are caused by work stress. These faults need to be detected and treated during the first moments of its occurrence to avoid damage of these motors. In this work, an algorithm that based on wavelet packet transforms (WPT) and wavelet energy approach (WE) is proposed. The algorithm is developed depending on moving frame strategy to check the current motor signal with each digital sample. This algorithm is applied on two induction motors, the first represents modeling of induction motor in Matlab2019a while the second is an implementation of real 3-Ph induction motor. The results show accurate detection and diagnosis of the faults with high speed in isolating the power supply from the motor.
Confronting to Non-linear Events and Enhancing the System on the Basis of PV-UPFC
Authors: Hussein A. S. , Hawas M. N.
Published: March 2020

Electric power systems are exposed to various types of Power Quality (PQ) disturbances. A PQ assessment is necessary to maintain the accurate operation of electrical sensitive equipment and to ensure its maintenance. Therefore, there will be a need to investigate and mitigate PQ events. In our modern times, we have noticed that AC distribution systems suffer from very consistent pollution to use a lot of loads as these loads generate harmonics that reduce the power quality of the system. The main objective of this paper is to conserve PQ through Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) such as Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) using Photovoltaic (PV) arrays. In addition, the system is designed during a generator source with a wind power generator where the results are compared before and after the control on each bus with the display of harmonics of current and voltage. Finally, the results presented in this paper indicate the ability of the UPFC to control the event and inflation and reduce the harmonics.
High Performance Rectifier/Multilevel Inverter Based BLDC Motor Drive with PI Controller
Authors: Hasan Mohammed S , Sharaf Almakhturi F , Albakhait Mohammed D , Jaber Ahmed I
Published: March 2020

BLDC motor has many applications in high power systems. Whereas, it is easy to construct and design, cheap and needs less maintenance, with high efficiency, high output power, and high torque. By taking advantage of power electronics drives, a rectifier/multi-level inverter can improve the operation of BLDC motor in medium and high applications. In this research, a mathematical model of BLDC motor drive by rectifier/MLI has been simulated using Matlab/Simulink. Whereas, a proposed model system was built, with a two-part motor drive circuits: a three-phase full-wave fully controlled rectifier, and a three-level inverter. The pulses circuit is designed for rectifier and three-level inverter individually using PWM. Also, THD in the output of a three-level inverter has been reduced by using a modern SFO-PWM topology. In addition, the system is equipped with a PI controller to control the speed and torque of BLDC motor. Also, there is a high-quality control upon the speed and torque of the motor due to the use of PI controller, which resulted in constant torque with low ripple and constant speed as a load of the motor changed, with a high increasing in the stability and reliability of the system.
Design and Implement Regulated DC-DC Interleaved Flyback Converter by Using Intelligent Controller in Airborne Application
Authors: Yas Khalid Badr , Rashid Ahmed
Published: March 2020

This paper is designed, simulated and implemented DC-DC interleaved Flyback converter controlled by Arduino Uno which converts input voltage from battery 12 V to 180 V DC at 20 kHz for 120 W. Digital control design is done with the use of Arduino Uno microcontroller. Simulation carried out using MATLAB/Simulation. The objective of this paper is to design a DC converter that operates at low cost with high efficiency via improving Flyback converter topology. This occurs using interleaved Flyback converter. To obtain a regulated output voltage of the interleaved Flyback converter, closed-loop feedback with PI controller is employed (Proportional – Integral). The duty cycle is varied to control the output voltage and produced constant voltage under variation input voltage and load disturbance. The designed technique uses voltage mode control (VMC) to obtain a constant voltage under continuous conduction mode (CCM). To implement the interleaved Flyback converter with the PI controller, the microcontroller Arduino Uno is used. The Simulation and the practical results give a little output ripple voltage, current, and high efficiency 6% compared with conventional Flyback converter.
Design and Simulation of a Grid Tied Single Phase SPWM Inverter Using Matlab
Authors: Abedali Rawan. A. , Yasin Naseer. M. , Alshamaa Nabil. K
Published: March 2020

The work objective is to design and simulate grid tie photovoltaic module with Simulink software, to investigate the characteristics of photovoltaic module as well describe the maximum. power point tracking using the single diode equivalent circuit. As well as developing single phase H bridge inverter a control circuit which generates output of a pure sine wave and voltage of alike frequency and magnitude such as the voltage of the grid. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal (SPWM) a common PWM method to achieve perturb and monitor (P&O), the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method.
The Balancing of Secondary Distribution Feeders by Two Techniques GWO and PSO Applied in Baghdad, Comparative Study
Authors: Al-Kharsan Ibrahim H , Marhoon Ali F , Mahmood Jawad R
Published: March 2020

The distribution network considered the more complex portion of the electrical power system as there is much machinery, and many loads are fed. The load diversity and variety that connected to the distribution networks caused severe problems like load unbalancing, sag, and voltage swell that can violate the system stability. The load balancing in the secondary low voltage distribution networks was regarded as one of the ongoing and stubborn issues studied in this article. In this article, a GWO meta-heuristic algorithm, which used for the first time to solve the imbalance on the secondary transformers, and the outcomes of the GWO compared to the PSO algorithm. The results proved it could resolve the balancing problem based on real data collected from the smart meters installed in two regions in Baghdad. Load balancing accomplished when the same current flows through the three-phase conductors that supplied a particular region in the distribution network. Current equality has a strong effect on the distribution network, ranging from reducing the losses to transformer safety. The phase swapping appeared as a direct and straightforward way of achieving load balance. The results showed that in obtaining balance with a lower number of swaps, the GWO algorithm was better. If solar renewable energy sources penetrated the distribution network, the algorithms could achieve an accepted balancing without requiring any swaps in the home phases.
A Hybrid Control Strategy for PMSG-based Standalone Wind Turbines with BESS
Authors: Khazaal Hasan Fahad , Hburi Ismail Sharhan , Farhan Mansour Sukar , Dininawi Mohammed
Published: March 2020

Energy conversion efficiency and power quality are both two key objectives of control schemes in wind energy conversation systems (WECS). These two tasks are hard to trade off and contradictory since improving the conversion-efficiency may boost fluctuation of output power as well. This paper suggests a hybrid control strategy for variable speed PMGS with Battery energy storage system to provide consistent power and meet variable load demands. In the suggested scheme, Fuzzy logic is combined with model predictive control (MPC) to capture the merits of these two different methods. The proposed controller (F_MPC) could improve wind turbine performance and provide power reliability. Simulation results prove that, in comparison with traditional PI model, the proposed topology can achieve benefits in terms of step response (overshoot), frequency deviation, and total harmonic distortion (THD) of almost 1.2%, 4.2%, and 1.24% respectively.
Performance Analysis of 132 KV Karbala Transmission Network
Authors: Jawad Haider H , Raheem Mohammed S A
Published: March 2020

Performance analysis of the load flow study is an important part and a necessary step to form a clear view of the abnormal sections of the network. This paper deals with the study and analysis of the 132kv Karbala transmission network using Newton-Raphson analysis by using Matlab mathematical solution technique. The result gives all values (V, δ, P, Q) for all the buses also lines flow and overall losses have been presented. Moreover, it gives an indication about the weak point of the system. This is to form a reliable database necessary to develop and improve the operation of the network under study.
Navigation of Mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Unknown Environment
Authors: Samed Baqir N Abdul , Aldair Ammar A.
Published: March 2020

In this paper, two algorithms are proposed to navigate the mini unmanned aerial vehicle (MUAV) in unknown environment. The first algorithm is path planning algorithm, it proposed to force the MUAV to track a specific trajectory. The second algorithm is obstacle avoidance algorithm, it proposed to avoid the collision between the MUAV and borrower when the MUAV is maneuvering in unknown environment. The pure pursuit algorithm (PPA) is used to force the MUAV to follow the desired trajectory depends on the given waypoints. While the vector field histogram algorithm (VFHA) is used to avoid collision of the MUAV with obstacles block in the desired path. To keep the flight of MUAV without collision, the 3D laser sensors are used to collect the information from the surrounding environment. The GPS sensor is used to keep the MUAV on the specific path. The collected information from the two sensors are analysed by the controller of the MUAV to improve its performance. The Matlab program is used to implement the proposed algorithms and plot the trajectories of MUAV in the unknown algorithm. The Matlab program is connected with the gazebo program via robotic operating system (ROS) to simulate the visual movement of the MUAV in any unknown environment. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to flight the MUAV in different environments.
Control of Eight-Leg Walking Robot Using Fuzzy Technique Based on SimScape Multibody Toolbox
Authors: Aldair Ammar A. , Al-Mayyahi Auday , Jasim Basil H.
Published: March 2020

In this article, a simulation platform is used to design and test the proposed controller and to study the performance of the eight legs walking robot based on SimScape Multibody toolbox. We show that, by using the SimScape Multibody toolbox, the intelligent controller can be designed without needing for the mathematical model of the legged robot. This toolbox is used to simulate and visualize the motion of the legged robot with the proposed controller. The fuzzy technique is used for designing a control system for the walking robot. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to obtain the optimal parameters of output membership function of the proposed fuzzy controller. The effectiveness and robustness of the designed controller are studied by changing the carried load by the walking robot. The obtained results demonstrate efficiently the validity of the proposed controller for guiding the walking robot when the disturbance is applied.
Optimal Pitch Angle Control for Wind Turbine Using Intelligent Controller
Authors: Abdul-Ruhman Mustafa S , Hawas Majli N
Published: March 2020

Wind energy is the most plenty resource in the renewable energy purse. Increasing the wind pick out capability improves the economic viability of this technology, and makes it more rivalry with traditional fossil-fuel based supplies. Therefore, it is necessary to search control strategies that increase aerodynamic efficiency. Several controls are applied and compared during this research. The angle of blade pitch is employed to control the wind turbine (SCIG) operation during partial and full load operations, correspondingly. This work is achieved using Matlab/Simulink simulation. The effect of some compensation modules is studied such as unified power flow controllers (UPFC) and three types of smart technologies on the performance of the IEEE 9 bus. The traditional PI, is the first controller is utilized in this study that depends on trial and error technique. Second, the controller of Fuzzy logic control (FLC) based trial and error. Finally, the nonlinear auto regressive-moving average (NARMA-L2) based on PI controller. The results show that the controllers used had better improvement in active power and the response of turbine in terms of reduced error for a steady state and ripple reduction in the torque and speed responses. In addition, NARMA-L2 controller presents better results from other methods especially in power output and in terms of reducing the steady state errors of load changes and ripple minimization, making this controller more active to the load and speed variations.
Improvement Parameters for Design Brushless DC Motor by Moth Flame Optimization
Authors: Akkar Hanan A R , Salman Sameem Abbas
Published: March 2020

This contribution deals with an improved design of a brushless DC motor, using optimization algorithms, based on collective intelligence. For this purpose, the case study motor is perfectly explained and its significant specifications are obtained as functions of the motor geometric parameters. In fact, the geometric parameters of the motor are considered as optimization variables. Then, the objective function has been defined. This function consists of three terms; losses, construction cost and the volume of the motor which should be minimized simultaneously. The three algorithms are Moth Flame, Genetic and Particle Swarm have been studied in this paper. It is noteworthy that Moth flame optimization (MFO) algorithm has been used for the first time for brushless DC motor design optimization. A comparative study between the mentioned optimization approaches shows that moth flame optimization algorithm has been converged to optimal response in less than 250 iterations and its standard deviation is ± 0.03, while the convergence rate of the genetic and particle swarm algorithms are about 400 and 450 iterations with standard deviations of ± 0.07 and ± 0.06, respectively for the case study motor. The obtained results show the best performance for the Moth Flame Optimization algorithm among all mentioned algorithms in brushless DC motor design optimization.
Sinusoidal inverter using pulse width amplitude modulation
Authors: Mohsin M H , Alshamaa N K , Hammood Dalal A , Hussein Sabah A
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a technique of single-phase inverter pulse width-amplitude modulation is introduced. This technique is based on tap changer transformer that controls the amplitude of the output voltage. The DC voltage is applied on the primary side of the tap changer transformer with the help of a microcontroller through several semiconductor switches in sequential modality. The tap changer inverter has been analyzed, designed and simulated for four tap inverter using Proteus software. The LCL (low pass filter) is connected on the primary side of the transformer to generate sinusoidal output voltage. In hardware a tap changer inverter has been designed and implemented for four taps inverter. The microcontroller used is minipro, which produces command signal to the switches. The introduced topology has produced large number of levels with decreased total harmonics distortion (THD) in addition to a low cost with isolated multilevel inverter.
Power quality improvement by using multiple sources of PV and battery for DSTATCOM based on coordinated design
Authors: Ahmed Firas Saaduldeen , Hussain Ali Nasser , Ali Ahmed Jadaan
Published: March 2020

This paper presented the effect of using multiple sources of photovoltaic (PV) cells and battery on the input dc link channel of voltage source converter (VSC) for distribution STATCOM (DSTATCOM). The first high coordinated design is applied on the input of three-leg VSC for DSTATCOM to provide a continuous voltage over the time without delaying or interruption in the power through the control circuit and Dc to Dc circuit for boost of photovoltaic cell and buck-boost of battery. When there is a large of sun radiation, the generating power of PV is supplied to the three-leg VSC of DSTATCOM for power demand compensation and the surplus power is saved at the battery. In the condition of night or cloudy days the battery is discharged to maintain the sustainability of the VSC DSTATCOM. In addition, the design is used a Star / Delta transformer to isolate three-leg VSC for DSTATCOM to provide a circular path for zero sequence fundamental and then reducing harmonics the neutral current. The purpose of using DSTATCOM is to reduce the harmonics of current source, compensate the reactive currents and compensate the ground currents in the point of common coupled (PCC). The type of algorithm that used to coordinate the compensation process of DSTATCOM is a synchronous reference frame (SRF).
Investigation of SPWM and SVPWM VSI for Induction Motor Drive
Authors: Majeed Ahmed Muhsin Abdul , Ibrahem Enas Hamid , Mohammed Nadia Qassim , Habbi Hanan Mikhael D.
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates the different modulation techniques of voltage source inverter (VSI) for induction motor drive concerning the harmonic distortion. Two types of PWM strategies are analyzed under various operating conditions regarding total harmonic distortion. Both sinusoidal PWM and space vector PWM strategies have been analyzed. THD has a suitable value that reduces the torque ripple. since the high switching frequency provides high ripple. The system is simulated by using Matlab.
Wireless Body-Area Monitoring Network for Outdoor Environment
Authors: AL-Asadi Ahmed Mohammed Q. , Wadday Ahmed Ghanim
Published: March 2020

Energy efficiency is a key issue for outdoor Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) that wireless sensor operates near or in human body. WBAN suffered from major problem of energy consumption. As a result, in outdoor simulation based on ZigBee S1 pro type used as transmit and receiver model. The investigation has been carried out based on channel propagation characteristic of what used in simulation based on ZigBee network with multiple sensing nodes, and the design can calculate the channel characteristic such as received power, path loss, path loss free space and path gain. The simulation enables to choose best route to reduce energy consumption depending on the values that have been obtained. Simulation has two routes to using multi point rout to transmit the data from patient nodes to the hospital.
Fusion of The Multimodal Medical Images To Enhance The Quality Using Discrete Wavelet Transform
Authors: Hadi Hadi Akram , Mohammed Ziad Saeed
Published: March 2020

The operation of medical image fusion is to merge various images from different imaging modalities in to one image fused. The quality of image fused is improved especially decrease randomness, that’s done by extracting the useful information of multiple images in one image. To rise the diagnosis and estimate of many medical problems by using clinical application of medical images and improving the accuracy medical imaging clinical is the most important goal of multi_modal image fusion algorithms. There are many types of modality used as a reference in medical image fusion like X_ray, Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Computed Tomography (CT). In this work, a multi solution images are used and coming from (CT) and (MRI) by Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) techniques to get a high quality image fusion. It can be proved the improvement in performance of image quality after fusion techniques by using some popular parameters of image metrics to test the image as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM). The quality improve of the fused image by tested and analyzed as low MSE of 0.02632, higher PSNR of 15.7955 and higher SSIM of 0.75434.
Experimental Investigation Between WDM-PON and DWDM-PON Using Different Channel Spacing
Authors: Ali Mustafa H. , Almufti Ali M. , Saber Suaad M.
Published: March 2020

A different channel spacing characteristics was analysed using wavelength-division Multiplexing (WDM) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM). In a system has 32 channels using only Single Mode Fiber (SMF) (without any amplifier or DCP) over a frequency range (100 – 400) GHz. Then compare their effectiveness, according to the distance to cover, Q factor, bit error rate (BER) and power needed, by means of advanced modulation schemes return-to-zero (RZ) in order to determine the best frequency channel. It is observed that the 100 GHz channel spacing has the maximum transmission coverage up to 90 km with acceptable power, BER and Q-factor which it is equal to 10 dB, 2.08 × e−29 and 11.19 respectively.
Time Evaluation Of Different Cryptography Algorithms Using Labview
Authors: Latif Israa Hashim
Published: March 2020

A new LabVIEW simulation design was applied to provide a comparison study among several types of the most common symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms. Also, the comparison with advanced encryption package program was made. The results showed that the new LabVIEW simulation design had advantages in several points, where the evaluated time required for the encryption and decryption processes will be lesser than it values using advanced encryption package program.

In this work, the symmetric encryption algorithms were used: AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), DES (Data Encryption Standard), 3DES (Triple Data Encryption Standard) and RC2 (Rivest Cipher) algorithms, while the asymmetric encryption algorithm used was the RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Aldeman) algorithm. The comparison had been achieved using different sizes of text files with different key sizes. The final results proved that the LabVIEW simulation design is better than the Advanced Encryption Package because it increased the algorithm’s performance by 65% in terms of speed and throughput, and for the algorithms’ comparison, the final results showed the effectiveness of AES algorithm over the other algorithms in terms of speed and throughput for the encryption and decryption processes.
Comparative Study of Different Classifiers Based on Extracted Facial Features for Supervised Age Estimation
Authors: Hasan Noor Falah , Mahdi Siraj Qays
Published: March 2020

Estimating a person age is a major concern for many researchers due to his importance in many applications, whereas finding a person age is crucial in making specific decision. This paper conducts a comparative study between two classification-algorithms for age estimation which applied on extracted Local Binary Patterns (LBP). It was also divided dataset into 3 classes in order to improve results and increasing accuracy of system, Root Mean Squared Error, Mean Absolute Error and other parameters are used to measure the precision of the system. The proposed methodology of this work is divided into three phases. First phase consists pre-processing methods in which selected image is handled using color to gray scale image conversion and histogram equalization. Result image of which is manipulated by standard Viola-Jones algorithm to detect and crop face area from the whole image. While to ensure same size for all images, detected face image is resized to 256 × 256. Second phase tends to extract LBP features to be fed in the next classification phase. In third phase, two classifiers Logistic Model Tree (LMT) as well as Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) have been applied on the extracted features for age estimation.
Investigating the resolution ability of the HC-SRO4 ultrasonic sensor
Authors: Abdulkhaleq Nadhir Ibrahim , Hasan Ihsan Jabbar , Salih Nahla Abdul Jalil
Published: March 2020

An Arduino microcontroller has been used for many projects since its first presentation in 2005. This integrated chip used with a variety of sensors to construct many attractive projects and circuits. In this paper, we aim to investigate the resolution ability of one of the famous sensors attached to the Arduino which is called the ultrasonic HC-SR04 sensor. This sensor basically, is made from a transmitter and receiver that work in the sonar range of frequencies. It is used to indicate the distance of objects similar to the Radar principle. By experimental results another feature could be added to the data sheet of this sensor, named as distance resolution. By applying a reasonable shape and dimension for the target objects at a distance of 11 cm, the experimental results show that this sensor has resolution ability configured in the range of 7 cm displacement between two adjacent objects. Furthermore, the paper suggests increasing the sensor aperture to increase such ability for certain application that used the sensor for discrimination between adjacent objects.