bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigations of the vortex ring state on a helicopter main rotor using the URANS solver
Authors: Stalewski Wienczyslaw , Surmacz Katarzyna
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to present the novel methodology of computational simulation of a helicopter flight, developed especially to investigate the vortex ring state (VRS) – a dangerous phenomenon that may occur in helicopter vertical or steep descent. Therefore, the methodology has to enable modelling of fast manoeuvres of a helicopter such as the entrance in and safe escape from the VRS. The additional purpose of the paper is to discuss the results of conducted simulations of such manoeuvres.

Design/methodology/approach

The developed methodology joins several methods of computational fluid dynamics and flight dynamic. The approach consists of calculation of aerodynamic forces acting on rotorcraft, by solution of the unsteady Reynold-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations using the finite volume method. In parallel, the equations of motion of the helicopter and the fluid–structure-interaction equations are solved. To reduce computational costs, the flow effects caused by rotating blades are modelled using a simplified approach based on the virtual blade model.

Findings

The developed methodology of computational simulation of fast manoeuvres of a helicopter may be a valuable and reliable tool, useful when investigating the VRS. The presented results of conducted simulations of helicopter manoeuvres qualitatively comply with both the results of known experimental studies and flight tests.

Research limitations/implications

The continuation of the presented research will primarily include quantitative validation of the developed methodology, with respect to well-documented flight tests of real helicopters.

Practical implications

The VRS is a very dangerous phenomenon that usually causes a sudden decrease of rotor thrust, an increase of the descent rate, deterioration of manoeuvrability and deficit of power. Because of this, it is difficult and risky to test the VRS during the real flight tests. Therefore, the reliable computer simulations performed using the developed methodology can significantly contribute to increase helicopter flight safety.

Originality/value

The paper presents the innovative and original methodology for simulating fast helicopter manoeuvres, distinguished by the original approach to flight control as well as the fact that the aerodynamic forces acting on the rotorcraft are calculated during the simulation based on the solution of URANS equations.
The requisite match between internal resources and network ties to cope with knowledge scarcity
Authors: Thrassou Alkis , Vrontis Demetris , Crescimanno Maria , Giacomarra Marcella , Galati Antonino
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the internationalization strategies of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), focusing on the interaction between network ties and “soft” internal resources at the foundation of knowledge management (KM). Specifically, it identifies the firms’ internal capabilities that affect KM strategies, and their collective influence on the degree of internationalization; verifies the influence of network ties on the internationalization process itself; and develops a conceptual “preliminary theoretical framework of SME internationalization capabilities and networks.”

Design/methodology/approach

The primary research and analysis are based on a proportional stratified sample of Sicilian wineries; while the conceptual and implicative developments of the paper rest on the combination of the theoretical with the primary findings of the research, and, it has been designed and tested through eight experts’ interviews/reviews.

Findings

Findings underline a strong influence of the internal capabilities of firms on the internationalization process. In addition, an important role in the export process emerges from the acquisition of information and knowledge through the establishment of networks.

Research limitations/implications

The results need to be interpreted within the context for which this study was designed and cannot be applied generally to all businesses. However, results allow cellars’ managers to better understand the relationships among the influencing factors of SMEs internationalization.

Originality/value

The originality of the paper lies not only in its above-stated explicit theoretical objectives and findings but also in its comprehensive conceptual framework that theoretically incorporates the “strategic” with the “internal” and “networking” aspects; purposefully also arming the industry with a practicable tool toward managerial implementation.
Quercetin supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Hosseinikia Mahboobe , Oubari Farhad , Hosseinkia Roghaye , Tabeshfar Zibaneh , Salehi Mohammad Gharib , Mousavian Zeinab , Abbasi Mehrnaz , Samadi Mehnoosh , Pasdar Yahya
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease which has become a public health concern, whose growing prevalence has been reported as around 33.9% in Iran. As oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, antioxidant compounds such as quercetin could ameliorate the side effect of oxidative stress. The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of quercetin on lipid profile, liver enzymes and inflammatory indices in NAFLD patients.

Design/methodology/approach

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted as a pilot study, 90 patients with NAFLD were supplemented with either a quercetin or a placebo capsule twice daily (500 mg) for 12 weeks. Both groups were advised to follow an energy-balanced diet with physical activity recommendations. Blood sample was obtained for laboratory parameters at baseline and the end of week 12.

Findings

At the end of the follow-up, quercetin group had significantly greater reduction in anthropometric parameters, cholesterol (−15 ± (−41, 0.00) in Q group versus −1± (−8, 2) in control group, p = 0.004), TG (−56.7 ± 22.7) in Q group versus −13.4 ± 27.7 in control group, p = 0.04), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (−49.5 ± (−99, 21) in Q group versus −5 ± (−21, 0.30) in the control group, p < 0.0001) compared to the control group. However, changes in fatty liver grade, liver enzymes, as well as high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were not significantly different between the two groups.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this was the first study which assessed the effect of quercetin supplementation on liver enzymes, lipid profile and inflammatory indices of NAFLD patients as a double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study.
Temporal and spatial localisation of general movement complexity and variation—Why Gestalt assessment requires experience
Authors: Wu Ying‐Chin , van Rijssen Ilse M. , Buurman Maria T. , Dijkstra Linze‐Jaap , Hamer Elisa G. , Hadders‐Algra Mijna
Published: April 2020

Aim

General movements’ assessment (GMA), based on Gestalt perception, identifies infants at risk of cerebral palsy. However, the requirement of ample experience to construct the assessor's inner criteria for abnormal movement hampers its widespread clinical use. This study aims to describe details of general movements (GMs) in various body parts and to investigate their association with GMA‐Gestalt.

Methods

Participants were 24 typically developing infants and 22 very‐high‐risk infants. GMs were assessed during the writhing (0‐8 weeks) and/or fidgety GM phase (2‐5 months) by GMA‐Gestalt and a semi‐quantification of the duration of simple movements and complex movements in various body parts.

Results

During both GM phases, the quality of movement often varied within a single assessment, but the degree of complexity and variation of movements in trunk, arms and legs were interrelated (ρ = 0.32‐0.84). Longer durations of complex movements in arms and legs (P < .042) were further associated with a better quality in GMA‐Gestalt. Head movement was associated with movements in other body parts only in the writhing phase and not associated with GMA‐Gestalt during both GM phases.

Conclusion

Infants did not show consistently over time and across body parts simple or complex movements. Detailed description of movement characteristics may facilitate the development of computer‐based GMA.
Aims of the Childhood Myasthenia Gravis Study Group in Japan
Authors: Hayashi Masatoshi , Nomura Yoshiko
Published: April 2020

A Japanese epidemiological study about the age of onset of myasthenia gravis (MG) showed the highest peak at ages <5 years, besides the peak observed in adults, which was confirmed in east Asian populations, such as Korea, China and Hong Kong, and is different from that observed in white populations. The Childhood MG Study Group in Japan held an annual workshop for 12 years (from 2006 to 2017), in which the participants debated and obtained information about the clinical problems and related basic sciences of childhood MG. This workshop featured two kinds of presentations: research and clinical experiences. For the case presentation, 42 cases were reported, of which 14 were ocular MG and 28 were generalized MG, including nine cases of latent generalized MG. Seronegative MG was reported in eight cases, muscle‐specific receptor tyrosine kinase‐positive MG in one case and congenital myasthenic syndrome in four cases. Treatment of MG patients was various; tacrolimus was used for 23 cases, cyclosporine for two, a high dose of gamma‐globulin for 13 and thymectomy for 10. For the research presentation, various points of view were reported about the pathogenetic mechanism or treatment by top neurologists and scientists in Japan. This workshop will contribute to continued efforts of clinicians to treat patients, and researchers further progressing in their studies.
Perspectives on donor lung allocation from both sides of the Atlantic: The United States
Authors: Tsuang Wayne M. , Snyder Laurie D. , Budev Marie M.
Published: April 2020

Donor lung allocation in the United States focuses on decreasing waitlist mortality and improving recipient outcomes. The implementation of allocation policy to match deceased donor lungs to waitlisted patients occurs through a unique partnership between government and private organizations, namely the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network under the Department of Health and Human Services and the United Network for Organ Sharing. In 2005, the donor lung allocation algorithm shifted toward the prioritization of medical urgency of waitlisted patients instead of time accrued on the waitlist. This led to the Lung Allocation Score, which weighs over a dozen clinical variables to predict a 1‐year estimate of survival benefit, and is used to prioritize waitlisted patients. In 2017, the use of local allocation boundaries was eliminated in favor of a 250 nautical mile radius from the donor hospital as the first unit of distance used in allocation. The next upcoming iteration of donor allocation policy is expected to use a continuous distribution algorithm where all geographic boundaries are eliminated. There are additional opportunities to improve donor lung allocation, such as for patients with high antibody titers with access to a limited number of donors.
Renal arteriolar hyalinosis, not intimal thickening in large arteries, is associated with cardiovascular events in people with biopsy‐proven diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Morimoto K. , Matsui M. , Samejima K. , Kanki T. , Nishimoto M. , Tanabe K. , Murashima M. , Eriguchi M. , Akai Y. , Iwano M. , Shiiki H. , Yamada H. , Kanauchi M. , Dohi K. , Tsuruya K. , Saito Y.
Published: April 2020

Aims

Diabetic nephropathy, a pathologically diagnosed microvascular complication of diabetes, is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular events, which mainly involve arteries larger than those affected in diabetic nephropathy. However, the association between diabetic nephropathy pathological findings and cardiovascular events has not been well studied. We aimed to investigate whether the pathological findings in diabetic nephropathy are closely associated with cardiovascular event development.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analysed 377 people with type 2 diabetes and biopsy‐proven diabetic nephropathy, with a median follow‐up of 5.9 years (interquartile range 2.0 to 13.5). We investigated how cardiovascular events were impacted by two vascular diabetic nephropathy lesions, namely arteriolar hyalinosis and arterial intimal thickening, and by glomerular and interstitial lesions.

Results

Of the 377 people with diabetic nephropathy, 331 (88%) and 295 (78%) had arteriolar hyalinosis and arterial intimal thickening, respectively. During the entire follow‐up period, those with arteriolar hyalinosis had higher cardiovascular event rates in the crude Kaplan–Meier analysis than those without these lesions (P = 0.005, log‐rank test). When fully adjusted for clinically relevant confounders, arteriolar hyalinosis independently predicted cardiovascular events [hazard ratio (HR) 1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12, 3.86], but we did not find any relationship between arterial intimal thickening and cardiovascular events (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.60, 1.37). Additionally, neither glomerular nor interstitial lesions were independently associated with cardiovascular events in the fully adjusted model.

Conclusions

Arteriolar hyalinosis, but not intimal thickening of large arteries, was strongly associated with cardiovascular events in people with diabetic nephropathy.
Influence of school environment on occurrence of traumatic dental injuries in 12 years old children
Authors: Quezada‐Conde Maritza Del Carmen , Alvarez‐Velasco Patricia de Lourdes , Lopez Edisson Fernando , Medina Marco Vinicio , Marques Renata Pereira de Samuel , Wanderley Marcia Turolla , Michel-Crosato E. , Pannuti Claudio Mendes , Frias Antonio Carlos , Raggio Daniela Prócida , Mendes Fausto Medeiros
Published: April 2020

Background/Aim

Since children spend most of their time in school, some environmental characteristics of the schools may influence the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI). Therefore, the aim of this cross‐sectional study was to assess the prevalence of TDI in 12 years old children in Quito, Ecuador, and its association with some school environmental aspects.

Material and methods

Six calibrated examiners evaluated 998 children from 31 public schools of Quito, to evaluate the occurrence of TDI in anterior teeth. School coordinators answered questionnaires on school physical conditions, promotion of health practices and the occurrence of negative episodes in school. The occlusion and socioeconomic status of the participants were also evaluated. Prevalence of TDI, unadjusted and adjusted by the design effect was calculated. Association between individual and contextual explanatory variables and presence of TDI were evaluated using multilevel Poisson regression analysis (P < .05).

Results

TDI prevalence adjusted by design effect was 20.7%. Children studying in schools with patio floor of grass and with access ramps had significantly lower prevalence of TDI than children studying in schools with patio floor of cement and with only stairs, respectively. The prevalence of TDI was also lower in children from schools that offered healthy meals or that had a proper place for oral hygiene.

Conclusions

Schools with adequate physical structures and that promote health practices to their students have a lower prevalence of TDI.
Ageing culturally significant relic trees in southeast Queensland to support bushfire management strategies
Authors: Ngugi Michael R. , Knight Jon , Hua Quan , Dowling Ralph , Kington David , Burns Darren
Published: April 2020

Appropriate fire management strategies are needed to protect forests and large old ecologically and culturally significant trees in natural landscapes. The aim of this study was to determine the age of large old and relic trees of cultural significance that included Cypress Pine (Callitris columellaris F. Muell.), a species that is sensitive to crown scorching fires in a fire‐prone landscape, and to calibrate a tree‐growth‐rate method for estimating tree age. Twelve large trees were dated using radiocarbon (14C) dating. The trees are located on North Stradbroke Island (Indigenous name: Minjerribah), southeast Queensland (Australia) in a fire‐prone landscape where recent wildfires have destroyed many large trees. The median tree ages ranged from 155 to 369 years. These results suggest an important role of past Indigenous land management practices in protecting Cypress Pine from crown scorching fires. The tree‐growth‐rate‐based method for estimating tree age generally overestimated the age derived from radiocarbon dating. Bias correction factors were developed for correcting various measures of periodic growth rates. This study provides evidence that appropriate low‐intensity fire strategies have the potential to contribute to the survival of forests and conserve large old trees.
Early developmental electroencephalography abnormalities, neonatal seizures, and induced spasms in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Rensing Nicholas , Johnson Kevin J. , Foutz Thomas J. , Friedman Joseph L. , Galindo Rafael , Wong Michael
Published: April 2020

Objective

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is one of the most common genetic causes of epilepsy. Seizures in TSC typically first present in infancy or early childhood, including focal seizures and infantile spasms. Infantile spasms in TSC are particularly characteristic in its strong responsiveness to vigabatrin. Although a number of mouse models of epilepsy in TSC have been described, there are very limited electroencephalographic (EEG) or seizure data during the preweanling neonatal and infantile‐equivalent mouse periods. Tsc1GFAPCKO mice are a well‐characterized mouse model of epilepsy in TSC, but whether these mice have seizures during early development has not been documented. The objective of this study was to determine whether preweanling Tsc1GFAPCKO mice have developmental EEG abnormalities or seizures, including spasms.

Methods

Longitudinal video‐EEG and electromyographic recordings were performed serially on Tsc1GFAPCKO and control mice from postnatal days 9‐21 and analyzed for EEG background abnormalities, sleep‐wake vigilance states, and spontaneous seizures. Spasms were also induced with varying doses of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA).

Results

The interictal EEG of Tsc1GFAPCKO mice had excessive discontinuity and slowing, suggesting a delayed developmental progression compared with control mice. Tsc1GFAPCKO mice also had increased vigilance state transitions and fragmentation. Tsc1GFAPCKO mice had spontaneous focal seizures in the early neonatal period and a reduced threshold for NMDA‐induced spasms, but no spontaneous spasms were observed.

Significance

Neonatal Tsc1GFAPCKO mice recapitulate early developmental aspects of EEG abnormalities, focal seizures, and an increased propensity for spasms. This mouse model may be useful for early mechanistic and therapeutic studies of epileptogenesis in TSC.
Dysregulation of humoral immunity in chronic infection
Authors: Cooper Lucy , Good‐Jacobson Kim L
Published: April 2020

Chronic viral infections disrupt the ability of the humoral immune response to produce neutralizing antibody or form effective immune memory, preventing viral clearance and making vaccine design difficult. Multiple components of the B‐cell response are affected by pathogens that are not cleared from the host. Changes in the microenvironment shift production of B cells to short‐lived plasma cells early in the response. Polyclonal B cells are recruited into both the plasma cell and germinal center compartments, inhibiting the formation of a targeted, high‐affinity response. Finally, memory B cells shift toward an “atypical” phenotype, which may in turn result in changes to the functional properties of this population. While similar properties of B‐cell dysregulation have been described across different types of persistent infections, key questions about the underlying mechanisms remain. This review will discuss the recent advances in this field, as well as highlight the critical questions about the interplay between viral load, microenvironment, the polyclonal response and atypical memory B cells that are yet to be answered. Design of new preventative treatments will rely on identifying the extrinsic and intrinsic modulators that push B cells toward an ineffective response, and thus identify new ways to guide them back onto the best path for clearance of virus and formation of effective immune memory.
Delirium in the Emergency Department: Moving From Tool‐Based Research to System‐Wide Change
Authors: Kennedy Maura , Hwang Ula , Han Jin H.
Published: April 2020

This editorial comments on the article by.Malihot et al.
Listening to Women: Understanding and Challenging Systems of Power to Achieve Reproductive Justice in South Carolina
Authors: Smith Ellie , Sundstrom Beth , Delay Cara
Published: April 2020

South Carolina women, especially low‐income women and women of color, face greater disparities in reproductive health outcomes, including low birth weight, preterm delivery, infant mortality, and maternal mortality, than do women nationally. The purpose of this study was to utilize a reproductive justice framework in which reproduction is considered a woman‐centered experience (as opposed to a social issue to be solved) to understand the reproductive experiences of women in South Carolina. We conducted 70 in‐depth interviews with women aged 19–78 years and analyzed these interviews using a constant comparative method. Study findings revealed that participants faced the consequences of oppressive systems of power when accessing reproductive health care, including high costs and lack of adequate health insurance coverage. Participants recognized the complexity of navigating reproduction in a conservative social context (i.e., South Carolina), further “compounded” by their gender and race. Women of color specifically noted challenges to reproductive care based on historical injustices and discrimination, including racial bias in hospital settings and aversion to certain contraceptive methods (e.g., IUD). Participants described the need to exercise reproductive autonomy and to have a “voice” in order to make desired lifestyle choices (e.g., career, motherhood) to overcome these challenges. Study findings evidence the women‐centered experience of reproduction within a specific sociogeopolitical context in order to uncover the challenges and opportunities to improving women's reproductive health in South Carolina.
From Empowerment Dynamics to Team Adaptability: Exploring and Conceptualizing the Continuous Agile Team Innovation Process
Authors: Grass Anastasia , Backmann Julia , Hoegl Martin
Published: April 2020

To foster their innovation teams’ adaptability, organizations are increasingly relying on agile teams. While research on the adoption of agile methods and practices has grown tremendously in the past decade, little is currently known about the human side of agile teams and how it contributes toward the emergence of adaptability. While the Agile Manifesto states that individuals and interactions are more important for agile product development than tools and processes, research on how these interactions unfold is still in its infancy. To shed light on the human side of adaptability, 44 semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were conducted with team members and leaders from various teams at three organizations (i.e., two German and one multinational European firm). The inductive analysis identified empowerment as a focal human factor for adaptability emergence. A model of the continuous agile team innovation process is developed and uncovers the importance of dynamic empowerment states and their temporary equilibria for team adaptability. The underlying findings demonstrate that empowerment is not a static state, but rather emerges through the interactions between various actors. Specifically, the team and its leader engage in both empowerment‐enhancing and empowerment‐reducing activities. These activities are further influenced by the agile team’s immediate context: Two‐fold customer influences, that is, supporting and hindering empowerment interactions, and the organizational environment, that is, undergoing an agile transformation and supportive top management behaviors, play an important role in affecting the empowerment dynamics that result in team adaptability. As such, this study contributes to the innovation and management literatures by revealing the dynamic role of the empowerment and adaptability constructs for agile innovation processes and the importance of various actors and the organizational environment for fostering adaptability. Practical insights are offered to management, teams, and team members on how to create conditions for empowerment dynamics and consequently adaptability to unfold.
Constructions of Participatory Democracy Institutions and Same‐Sex Union Rights in Online Public Deliberation in Greece
Authors: Michos Ioannis , Figgou Lia , Sapountzis Antonis
Published: April 2020

This article aims to explore the argumentative lines employed in an online public deliberation concerned with legislation on same‐sex civil union in Greece. Drawing on rhetorical and discursive developments in political social psychology and sexual citizenship debates, the article focuses on arguments regarding the relevance and the implications of public deliberation on the construction of LGBTQI+ claims and rights. The analytic corpus consisted of 1,000 comments, analyzed with the concepts and tools of Rhetorical and Critical Discursive Social Psychology. A recurring line of arguing against the legislation questioned the democratic quality of public deliberation, representing it as a means used to legitimize predetermined decisions. Moreover, overtly discriminatory arguments were predicated on the values of participatory democracy. Accounts in favor of the legislation, though, challenged public deliberation on the grounds that it allows room for the dispute of universal human rights. The potential contribution of these findings to the understanding of the dilemmas of participatory democracy, the reproduction of heteronormativity, and the assimilation of LGBTQI+ claims is discussed.
When ESKD complicates the management of diabetes mellitus
Authors: William Jeffrey H. , Morales Alexander , Rosas Sylvia E.
Published: April 2020

Given the increased incidence and prevalence of ESKD (end‐stage kidney disease) attributed to diabetes mellitus, it is important to consider the physiological and global sociodemographic factors that give rise to unique challenges in providing excellent care to this population. The individual with diabetes and ESKD faces alterations of glucose homeostasis that require close therapeutic attention, as well as the consideration of safe and effective means of maintaining glycemic control. Implementation of routine monitoring of blood glucose and thoughtful alteration of the individual’s hypoglycemic drug regimen must be employed to reduce the risk of neurological, cardiovascular, and diabetes‐specific complications that may arise as a result of ESKD. Titration of insulin therapy may become quite challenging, as kidney replacement therapy often significantly impacts insulin requirements. New medications have significantly improved the ability of the clinician to provide effective therapies for the management of diabetes, but have also raised an equal amount of uncertainty with respect to their safety and efficacy in the ESKD population. Additionally, the clinician must consider the challenges related to the delivery of kidney replacement therapy, and how inter‐modality differences may impact glycemic control, diabetes, and ESKD‐related complications, and issues surrounding dialysis vascular access creation.
Colloidal synthesis, physical properties, and applications of zero- and one-dimensional GeSn nanostructures
Authors: Spera Drew Z. , Arachchige Indika U.
Published: April 2020

Although germanium (Ge) is a semiconductor frequently used in many facets of materials science, its optical applications are limited because of an indirect band structure, which significantly diminishes absorption and emission efficiency. However, sufficiently high levels of tin (Sn) alloying enable an indirect-to-direct band structure crossover, resulting in improved optical properties. Moreover, the bandgap of GeSn alloys can be tuned by simply varying the alloy composition; therefore, the material can be modified for compatibility with silicon (Si) based electronics. While lattice mismatch makes the solubility of Sn in Ge extremely low in bulk alloys (<1%), metastable nanoalloys produced under nonequilibrium conditions show minimum to no lattice strain, allowing the synthesis of GeSn nanoalloys with wider tunability of Sn (up to 95%). Furthermore, the size-tunable confinement energy characteristic of GeSn nanoalloys has been shown to greatly increase the energy gaps, resulting in tunable visible to near-IR optical properties. Herein, the authors summarize recent advances in the synthesis of 0D and 1D GeSn alloy nanostructures and their emerging physical properties in light of their potential applications in advanced electronic and photonic technologies.
Computational wrapping: A universal method to wrap 3D-curved surfaces with nonstretchable materials for conformal devices
Authors: Lee Yu-Ki , Xi Zhonghua , Lee Young-Joo , Kim Yun-Hyeong , Hao Yue , Choi Hongjin , Lee Myoung-Gyu , Joo Young-Chang , Kim Changsoon , Lien Jyh-Ming , Choi In-Suk
Published: April 2020

Computational wrapping provides a universal method to wrap arbitrary curved 3D shapes with 2D-based brittle materials.
An observation-constrained assessment of the climate sensitivity and future trajectories of wetland methane emissions
Authors: Koffi Ernest N. , Bergamaschi Peter , Alkama Romain , Cescatti Alessandro
Published: April 2020

Observation-driven model shows that natural CH
4
emissions may increase by 50% to 80% in 2100 without action to reduce emissions.
A Bayesian experimental autonomous researcher for mechanical design
Authors: Gongora Aldair E. , Xu Bowen , Perry Wyatt , Okoye Chika , Riley Patrick , Reyes Kristofer G. , Morgan Elise F. , Brown Keith A.
Published: April 2020

Automated testing, Bayesian optimization, and additive manufacturing combine for the autonomous design of structures.
Schizorhodopsins: A family of rhodopsins from Asgard archaea that function as light-driven inward H
+
pumps
Authors: Inoue Keiichi , Tsunoda Satoshi P. , Singh Manish , Tomida Sahoko , Hososhima Shoko , Konno Masae , Nakamura Ryoko , Watanabe Hiroki , Bulzu Paul-Adrian , Banciu Horia L. , Andrei Adrian-Ştefan , Uchihashi Takayuki , Ghai Rohit , Béjà Oded , Kandori Hideki
Published: April 2020

Schizorhodopsins, recently discovered rhodopsins in Asgard archaea, function as light-driven inward H
+
pumps.
Theranostic OCT microneedle for fast ultrahigh-resolution deep-brain imaging and efficient laser ablation in vivo
Authors: Yuan Wu , Chen Defu , Sarabia-Estrada Rachel , Guerrero-Cázares Hugo , Li Dawei , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Li Xingde
Published: April 2020

A dual-function microneedle for rapid, high-resolution, and quantitative 3D deep-brain imaging and power-efficient tissue ablation.
On The Impact of the Locality on Short-Circuit Characteristics: Experimental Analysis and Multiphysics Simulation of External and Local Short-Circuits Applied to Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Sturm J. , Rheinfeld A. , Buzon D. , Jossen A.
Published: April 2020

Emulating true, field-like internal short-circuits (ISCs) by experimental methods is a complex task with mostly unsatisfactory outcome. However, understanding the evolution and impact of ISCs is crucial to mitigate safety issues related to lithium-ion batteries. Local short-circuit (LSC) conditions are applied to single-layered, small-sized (i.e. <60 mAh), and single-side coated graphite/NMC-111 pouch-type cells in a quasi-isothermal test bench using the nail/needle penetration approach. The cell’s impedance, capacity, and the contact resistance at the penetration site mainly define the short-circuit current and, hence, the terminal voltage and heat generation rate associated with polarization effects and electrochemical rate limitations, which are correlated to the cell’s behavior during external short-circuits (ESCs) at various short-circuit resistances. Measuring the electrical potential between the needle and the cell’s negative tab allows to evaluate the polarization across the electrodes and to estimate the short-circuit intensity. LSC simulation studies are used to correlate current flux and resistance to ESC conditions. Double-layered cells are penetrated to create short-circuit conditions within either a single or both electrode stacks to study the difference between multiple LSCs (e.g. during a nail penetration test) and a single LSC (e.g. due to a particle/dendrite). Post-mortem analysis reveals copper dissolution/deposition across both electrodes.
Understanding Li-Ion Cell Internal Short Circuit and Thermal Runaway through Small, Slow and In Situ Sensing Nail Penetration
Authors: Huang Shan , Du Xiaoniu , Richter Mark , Ford Jared , Cavalheiro Gabriel M. , Du Zhijia , White Robin T. , Zhang Guangsheng
Published: April 2020

Here we report a small, slow and in situ sensing (3S) nail penetration test method to understand Li-ion cell internal short circuit (ISC) and thermal runaway. The method not only keeps conventional nail penetration’s advantage of simple implementation, but also enhances its relevance to field failures and enables detailed in situ diagnosis. It was applied to 3-Ah pouch cells and revealed insights that could not be captured by conventional methods. Most interestingly, multiple in situ temperature peaks were observed during a period of over 100 s before thermal runaway. These initial peaks exceeded safety limit but the temperature rapidly decreased after each peak instead of causing immediate thermal runaway. Further investigation suggested that the initial temperature peaks occurred when nail tip reached aluminum foil current collector to form a low resistance ISC between anode and aluminum foil. The rapid temperature decrease after each peak can be attributed to sudden drop of ISC current, which can be further attributed to rupture of aluminum foil and increase of contact resistance. The findings show that 3S nail penetration test can separate processes of ISC from thermal runaway and provide details of ISC at the level of individual electrode and current collector.
Algorithms Based on COPRAS and Aggregation Operators with New Information Measures for Possibility Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Decision-Making
Authors: Garg Harish , Arora Rishu
Published: April 2020

The objective of this paper is to present novel algorithms for solving the multiple attribute decision-making problems under the possibility intuitionistic fuzzy soft set (PIFSS) information. The prominent characteristics of the PIFSS are that it considers the membership and nonmembership degrees of each object during evaluation and their corresponding possibility degree. Keeping these features, this paper presents some new operation laws, score function, and comparison laws between the pairs of the PIFSSs. Further, we define COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS) and weighted averaging and geometric aggregation operators to aggregate the PIFSS information into a single one. Later, we develop two algorithms based on COPRAS and aggregation operators to solve decision-making problems. In these approaches, the experts and the weights of the parameters are determined with the help of entropy and the distance measure to remove the ambiguity in the information. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the presented approaches.
Steady-State Stability of Sending-End System with Mixed Synchronous Generator and Power-Electronic-Interfaced Renewable Energy
Authors: Hou Kaiyuan , Li Zeyu , Chen Lei , Xia Deming , Li Qun , Xiao Yong
Published: April 2020

Coupled with the power system through power-electronic interfaces, renewable energies including wind power and photovoltaic can control the power quickly and flexibly. In the steady-state stability analysis, by neglecting the fast dynamics of power-electronic interfaces, the renewable energy power is simplified to a static power injection model and can be described as an algebraic equation in the dynamic process. Based on this simplified model, the steady-state stability of sending-end system with mixed synchronous generator and power-electronic-interfaced renewable energy is studied. By proposing a triangular transformation model based on the classical model of power system, the steady-state stability analysis becomes feasible. The mechanism of steady-state stability is revealed, and the influence of renewable energy on the steady-state stability limit is quantitatively investigated. When the renewable energy power increases, the steady-state stability limit of the sending-end system first increases and then decreases. Reducing the power output of synchronous generator can change for a higher integration limit of renewable energy. Simulation results validate the conclusion.
The Importance of Distance between Photovoltaic Power Stations for Clear Accuracy of Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Forecasting
Authors: El hendouzi Abdelhakim , Bourouhou Abdennaser , Ansari Omar
Published: April 2020

The current research paper deals with the worldwide problem of photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting by this innovative contribution in short-term PV power forecasting time horizon based on classification methods and nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) neural network model. In the meantime, the weather data and PV installation parameters are collected through the data acquisition systems installed beside the three PV systems. At the same time, the PV systems are located in Morocco country, respectively, the 2 kWp PV installation placed at the Higher Normal School of Technical Education (ENSET) in Rabat city, the 3 kWp PV system set at Nouasseur Casablanca city, and the 60 kWp PV installation also based in Rabat city. The multisite modelling approach, meanwhile, is deployed for establishing the flawless short-term PV power forecasting models. As a result, the implementation of different models highlights their achievements in short-term PV power forecasting modelling. Consequently, the comparative study between the benchmarking model and the forecasting methods showed that the forecasting techniques used in this study outperform the smart persistence model not only in terms of normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) and normalized mean absolute error (nMAE) but also in terms of the skill score technique applied to assess the short-term PV power forecasting models.
Abstract 361: The Significance of Higher Mean Arterial Pressure After Inpatient Cardiac Arrests in Improving Neurological Outcome and Mortality
Authors: Patel Manishkumar , Sourabh Sourabh , Gonzalez Victoria , Aggarwal Ankita , Bittner Fred , Hughes Kristen
Published: April 2020

Following cardiac arrest and the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), hemodynamic status can be critically unstable which may lead to the hypoperfusion of vital organs and poor clinical outcomes. In post-cardiac arrest survivors, studies have shown improved outcomes with a higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared with a lower MAP, however an ideal range of MAP post-ROSC is rarely explicitly defined in post-resuscitation care studies. The purpose of this study was to observe neurological and mortality outcomes in cardiac arrest patients with a lower range of post-ROSC MAP compared to a higher range of post-ROSC MAP.A retrospective single-center cohort study was used to design the project. Patients who met the inclusion criteria suffered a cardiac arrest while admitted to the hospital, achieved ROSC, and survived for at least 48 hours post-ROSC. Patients whose status was changed to DNR by 48 hours post-ROSC were excluded. The remaining patients were divided into two groups. The lower MAP group had an average MAP of 60 to 80 mmHg and the higher MAP group had an average MAP of 80 to 100 mmHg at 48 hours post-ROSC. The primary outcome analyzed was the presence of anoxic brain injury noted on EEG. Secondary outcomes were the length of intubation, ICU length of stay (LOS), and mortality rate. Of the total of 129 patients, 18 patients met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 10 patients met the lower MAP group and 8 patients met the higher MAP group. Anoxic brain injury was 20% in the lower MAP group compared to 12.5% in the higher MAP group (p>0.05). There was a 40% mortality in the lower MAP group, compared to 12.5% mortality in the higher MAP group (p>0.05) 48 hours post-ROSC. The mean length of intubation was 3.5 days in the higher MAP group compared to 4.9 days in the lower MAP group (p>0.05). There was no difference in the ICU LOS amongst the two groups. Our results showed a clinically significant difference between the two groups but could not reach statistical significance due to the small sample size. The optimal MAP for post-cardiac arrest patients has not been clearly defined by clinical trials. The simultaneous need to perfuse the post-ischemic brain adequately without putting unnecessary strain on the post-ischemic heart is unique to the post-cardiac arrest syndrome. The findings of this study show post-ROSC MAP maintained between 80 to 100 mmHg had a statistically insignificant tendency toward better neurological outcomes, decreased length of intubation and improved mortality compared to the group whose MAP was maintained between 60 to 80 mmHg at 48 hours. The small sample size is a limitation for this study, however, this preliminary study has shown promising results and it is predicted that a bigger population study with similar parameters will extrapolate similar results.
The Greenland Reconciliation Commission: Moving Away from a Legal Framework
Authors: Andersen Astrid Nonbo
Published: April 2020

This article aims to show to what extent ideas and models from the fields of restorative and transitional justice informed the work of the Greenland Reconciliation Commission. The article demonstrates that the idea of processing the past by articulating experiences of both colonialism and neocolonialism dominated the approach taken, and that consequently the legal aspects were only occasionally touched upon. This sets the Greenland Reconciliation Commission somewhat apart from previous truth and reconciliation commissions.
Mare Nullius or Mare Suum? Using Ethnography to Debate Rights to Marine Resources in Coastal Sámi Communities of Troms
Authors: Tsiouvalas Apostolos
Published: April 2020

While legal progress on Indigenous land claims has recently been fostered around the globe, sea claims still lag behind. Since the beginning of colonization, the doctrine of mare nullius declared seas vacant of Indigenous tenure or authority and led to the establishment of sovereign State jurisdiction over offshore areas, and more recently to the characterization of the living resources in these waters as accessible for each State’s citizens. In Norway, colonialism was not characterized by transoceanic settlement. The concept of establishing sovereignty in offshore areas attached to the land, however, had the same basis as the European colonies in America or Oceania. In this context, the acknowledgement of the marine living resources in the waters attached to the land as common goods for all Norwegian citizens adversely affected the Coastal Sámi Indigenous peoples, who exclusively and since time immemorial managed the wild marine living resources based on customary systems of marine tenure. Additionally, due to increased regulations over the past few decades, it has become difficult for the Coastal Sámi to continue their traditional way of living. Still, legislation and recommendations on Indigenous participation in marine resource management exist and derive from both Norwegian and international law. However, despite the established legal framework, Coastal Sami participation in marine resource management is often questioned. It has been argued that the most appropriate way to ensure Indigenous inclusion in marine resource management is to look at the reverse side of the coin, exploring Indigenous tenure, legal traditions and knowledge, and accommodate them within State law. This project aims, through ethnographic fieldwork and literature analysis, to discuss the current status of Coastal Sámi fisheries in the communities of Troms County, and illustrate local conceptions of marine resource management among the project participants.
Visual Inquiry in Educational Research
Authors: TSANG Kwok Kuen , BESLEY Tina
Published: April 2020

In visual culture, people would like to perceive, express, and negotiate the meanings of social world visually so that the status of the visual has reached that of written word and narrative. Therefore, social researchers are motivated to develop visual methodologies to examine the visual dimension of social worlds. According to them, the visual methodologies could generate richer information for us to understand social phenomena than the traditional quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Therefore, there is a burgeoning uptake of visual research methods in different fields of social sciences. Considering the ubiquity and importance of the visual in the world for education, the Beijing International Review of Education has organized this special issue to discuss some of the theoretical and methodological issues of visual research methods in educational research.
Combination of Differential Interference Contrast with Prism-Type Total Internal Fluorescence Microscope for Direct Observation of Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Nanoparticle as a Gene Delivery in Living Human Cells
Authors: Lee Seungah , Choi Joon Sig , Kang Seong Ho
Published: April 2020

A combined system of differential interference contrast (DIC) and total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) with a transmitted all-side polished dove prism was used for the direct monitoring of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer nanoparticles as a gene delivery in living
human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells. The PAMAM dendrimer conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used to form a fluorescent nanoparticle with the plasmid DNA (complexes) in order to directly monitor the entry of the complexes inside living cells. The DIC image provided
precise information of the living HEK 293 cellular structures. Without moving the cell, the TIRFM images of the PAMAM nanoparticle-DNA complexes on the all-side polished dove prism provided precise information on the distance between the cell membrane and the complexes (<200 nm) as well
as the real-time localization of the individual complexes in the cells. The complexes were observed in cytosol within 4 h after incubating the cells with the complexes in Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium. The localization data of the complexes inside the cell obtained by TIRFM were reconfirmed
using 3D confocal microscopy images of the complexes at the subcellular localization. These results suggest that the combined system of DIC and all-side polished dove prism-type TIRFM is a powerful tool for the direct real-time monitoring of the internalization and subcellular localization
of nanoparticles carrying genes through a nonviral approach for gene therapy.