bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empowering Collaborative Inquiry and Equity Through Intentional Learning Communities
Authors: Brooks Katie , Kandel Brooke
Published: November 2023

Originally prominent in K-12 settings, intentional learning communities (ILCs) are collaborative groups that support professional growth and research, particularly in equity-focused education. The chapter discusses how ILCs have been adapted for higher education, providing case studies that showcase faculty involvement in such initiatives. Key principles like trust, reflection, and a commitment to equity are identified as critical for the effectiveness of ILCs. These principles foster an environment conducive to mutual feedback and self-examination. The chapter also addresses the implementation of ILCs within the College of Education at the authors' institution, highlighting their role in promoting principles of belonging, equity, diversity, and inclusion (BEDI). The chapter concludes by offering practical suggestions for educational institutions interested in integrating ILCs, emphasizing their potential for interdisciplinary research and curriculum enhancement, while also contributing to an equitable academic culture.
A Helicopter Path Planning Method Based on AIXM Dataset
Authors: Xin Lai , Sheng Liang Chang , Feng Jiayu , Zhang Hengyan
Published: November 2023

ICAO has emphasized that aeronautical information agencies should provide digitized aeronautical data and information, and realize that aeronautical data exchanging internationally in AIM. The AIXM structured aeronautical information dataset will be the main source of aeronautical basic data in the aeronautical information exchange network. In this article, the authors first analyze the spatio-temporal attributes of AIXM dataset and design the query method of AIXM structured obstacle data based on the research of AIXM coding specification. Secondly, the helicopter path planning is taken as the research scenario. Using the AIXM obstacle dataset and route dataset, combining the helicopter performance constraints to construct the envelope frame for collision judgment, and a new path planning method with improving the classical A* algorithm based on the AIXM dataset is proposed. The proposed method is validated and visualized. The validation results show that the proposed method reduces the frequency of helicopter turning, and ensures the safe distance between the flight path and the obstacles.
Literature Review of Applicable Ballistic Materials for Temporary Wooden Building Envelopes
Authors: Barone Elina , Gaujena Baiba , Vilnitis Martins
Published: November 2023

Human security remains a topical issue, especially on the country borders where temporary houses are often used. Optimally, people should be provided with ordinary, habitable, easy-to-build, possibly portable buildings and ballistically protected. However, there is a lack of studies addressing ballistic building materials for the walls. In the scope of this study, ten ballistic materials: sand walls, concrete, steel plates, ceramic, glass fibreboards, wood (plywood, cross-laminated timber), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) boards, aramid boards, carbon fibre boards, and gypsum plasterboard are reviewed, and their wall constructions are compared. This paper aimed to analyse bulletproof materials and to nominate the best bulletproof walls according to three required aspects - price, thermal transmittance, and weight. This is a review article that could help stakeholders to choose the appropriate ballistic material for high-risk applications.
Utilization of Levoglucosan Production By-Products
Authors: Liepins Kalvis , Zhurinsh Aivars , Dobele Galina
Published: November 2023

Biorecycling of wood includes many different processes aimed at the complete utilization of the main and by-products. The complete isolation of C5 and C6 sugars from wood and their further use is currently attracting attention worldwide. The C5 sugars can be catalytically converted directly into furfural or into monosaccharides’ aqueous solution for further hydrolytic treatment. The resulting lignocellulose can be used in thermochemical pyrolysis (350-400°C) for the synthesis of levoglucosan. The biochar formed during pyrolysis and the liquid residue after the isolation of levoglucosan are by-products and can be used as precursors to obtain valuable products – activated carbon composites for supercapacitor electrodes and catalysts in fuel cells.
Analysis of Pine Resin Properties as a Way to Understand and Prevent Exudation from Wood Material
Authors: Sansonetti Errj , Cirule Dace , Kuka Edgars , Meile Kristine
Published: November 2023

A major function of resin is to provide defense against external attacks by releasing the resin flow on the attacked or damaged area. Nonetheless, the leakage of the resin on the surface can have a negative aesthetic and economic impact on wood material. The aim of this study is to investigate which treatments affect the chemo-physical properties of the resin in order to hinder the exudation on wood surface during service. To achieve a thickening of the resin, it is necessary to remove the volatile turpentine, and several studies have been carried out in this direction, providing useful information about this process. The heat treatment at different temperatures, 60°C, 100°C and 150°C, respectively, gives different mass losses, thus confirming that the turpentine can remain for long time in the resin, and the changes in structural, morphological, and chemical properties are affected by the temperature. FTIR spectroscopy, before and after thermal treatment, does not show major changes in chemical structures. However, from the samples analyzed with UHPLC-DAD-MS significant differences of the ratios of 20 compounds were observed, which characterize possible chemical reactions, such as decomposition, dehydrogenation, oxidation and isomerization. After heat treatment, the glass transition temperature of resin increased. Color changes are evident: resin becomes darker with increasing the temperature of treatment, apart from the resin heated at 100°C. The chemical changes in the composition of the resin caused by heat treatment need further investigation.
Low birth weight – the less than 2500g cut-off: is it applicable to Sri Lanka?
Authors: Lucas M. N.
Published: November 2023

No abstract available
Maternal knowledge and prescribing practices of antibiotics for childhood infections: a cross-sectional survey in Jordan
Authors: Abdeljawad Ruaa , Abu-Hammad Osama , Dar-Odeh Omayyah , Alkouz Farhan , Abdeljawad Raghad , Abu-Hammad Abdalla , Abdeljawad Rahaf , Dar-Odeh Najla
Published: November 2023

This article aims to assess the knowledge and practices of Jordanian mothers regarding antibiotic consumption by their children. A questionnaire was distributed to mothers during hospital visits in February-May 2020. Questions were on socio-demographics; knowledge of antibiotic indications/complications; and prescribing practices. A total of 1926 mothers participated. Most mothers were aware that antibiotics are not indicated for viral infections (72.0%), and that abuse leads to complications like antibiotic resistance (82.1%). However, their knowledge regarding antibiotic complications was not satisfactory particularly complications of obesity (11.7%), caries (29.9%), and allergy (43.4%). The most important clinical indications for antibiotics were perceived to be otitis media (89.8%), and sore throat (44.4%). A proportion of 21.7% admitted self-prescribing, significantly among families of ≤2 children, and poor antibiotic knowledge (p<0.01). Lower antibiotic knowledge scores were impacted mostly by grandparents who self-prescribe antibiotics (p<0.01). Jordanian mothers show satisfactory knowledge of pediatric antibiotic consumption, however, their knowledge of complications is not sufficient. Antibiotic self-prescribing is identified mainly in families with lower income and less antibiotic knowledge, therefore these families should be identified and targeted in antibiotic awareness campaigns.
53º National Congress of the Italian Society of Paediatric Surgery | Naples, 21-23 September 2023
Authors: Editors The
Published: November 2023

53º Congresso Nazionale Società Italiana di Chirurgia Pediatrica | Napoli, 21-23 settembre 2023
Efficacy, Safety, and Public Attitude toward COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review
Authors: Josiah Blessing Osagumwendia , Uzor Chinelo C. , Duncan Brontie A. , Enebeli Emmanuel Chukwunwike , Otoboyor Ndidi Louis
Published: November 2023

Background:

This paper reviews some of the literature on the safety and efficacy of different COVID-19 vaccines, the attitudes, and perceptions of people towards the vaccines, and the factor underlying such perceptions and behavior.

Methods:

Two major databases (PubMed and Epistemonikos) were checked using search expansion mechanisms and several search strings. After the title, abstract, and full-text analysis, 19 studies were selected for review.

Results:

The seven different vaccines studied all have supporting data on their efficacy in the reduction of COVID-19 cases, prevention of hospitalization after infection, and reduction in the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients. There was high hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccine and the perceived efficacy and safety of the vaccines are less than recorded in clinical data. Distrust of the vaccines, their manufacturers and different institutions and governments, personal beliefs and feelings, age, gender, education, and socioeconomic status were identified factors affecting behaviors towards the COVID-19 vaccines.

Conclusion:

Several articles support the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, but general awareness and conception about them vary, including hesitancy, distrust, and some acceptance. Many factors affected the perception and attitude of people toward these vaccines. More clinical data on the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines should be generated to help boost confidence among users.
Choroidal Thickness and Effect of Sex and Age in Africans
Authors: Okonkwo Ogugua Ndubuisi , Hassan Adekunle Olubola , Oyekunle Idris , Akanbi Toyin , Chinedu Ugwu Bertrand
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of the study is to evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) and the effect of age and gender in healthy Africans using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Materials and Methods:

In 172 eyes of 88 volunteers, the CT in the central subfoveal (CSF) area and at 2.5 mm superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants was measured. Four eyes were excluded due to poor image quality and image decentration. Simple linear regression was used to measure the effect of age on CT, and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.

Results:

The were 88 male and 84 female eyes, aged 30–80 years. The mean CT was CSF 265.44 ± 6.2 µm; inferior 256.19 ± 70.6 µm; superior 249.92 ± 76.2 µm; temporal 235.51 ± 70.3 µm; and nasal 199.53 ± 69.8 µm. The choroid was thickest in the CSF > Inferior > Superior > Temporal, and the nasal quadrant was thinnest in all age groups. There was a considerable decrease in the CSF with increasing age (P < 0.001). CT in males and females was similar since the difference in mean CSF CT between the genders was 2.085 µm (P = 0.858). Menopausal females had thinner CSF CT compared to premenopausal females (P < 0.001), but this was due to the aging effect.

Conclusion:

CT decreases significantly with increasing age but shows no gender difference in Africans. A comparison of CT studies from other ethnic nationalities shows some similarity with CT in Africans, suggesting that CT findings from other ethnic groups can be extrapolated to Africans.
Psychiatric Complications in Patients after Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Observational Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chakkamadathil Jesin Kumar , Vijayalakshmi Gayathri , Shivashankaran Sanjeev , Soman Mervin K.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors experience various complications affecting various systems in our body. The neuropsychiatric complications are not given its due importance and are not elucidated in our part of the country. Through this study, we are trying to gain insight into the various complications and the factors contributing to them.

Objectives:

(1) To evaluate the psychiatric complications in patients after acute COVID-19. (2) To evaluate the factors contributing to the development of psychiatric complications.

Methodology:

The study was an observational cross-sectional study conducted between July 1, 2022 and December 31, 2022. Patients who have recently recovered from acute COVID-19 were included in the study. A detailed history was taken, physical examination was done and reports of relevant investigations were collected. Cognitive impairment was subjectively assessed. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Suicide risk was assessed using the suicide risk estimator developed by Motto et
al. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25.

Results:

Depression was prevalent among 40.8% of the subjects and anxiety among 44.5%, with a majority of the affected individuals being in their forties. Depression was more among subjects who had a severe illness with extensive computed tomography involvement and still had varying degrees of impaired exercise tolerance. The presence of a family member affected with COVID-19 and the incurrence of high treatment expenditures were also significant risk factors. Anxiety was more common among health-care workers and in subjects who had severe illnesses. Women, alcoholics, subjects with persisting breathlessness, and those getting less hours of sleep were also found to be more anxious. Suicide risk was found to be higher among alcoholics and those with financial problems.

Conclusion:

Psychiatric complications are an overlooked but clinically relevant entity that needs to be given its due importance. Identification and prompt treatment of these complications can significantly improve the quality of life of these patients.
Temporomandibular joint patient specific implant as treatment for hemifacial microsomia
Authors: Pinto Leonardo A. P. F. , Lima Bernardo C. , Coutinho Michelle A. , Ramos Viviane F.
Published: November 2023

Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a complex congenital malformation with an extremely variable phenotypic presentation. It usually involves structures of the first and second pharyngeal arches. Anomalies of the cardiac, pulmonary, renal, and gastrointestinal systems are present, but the main characteristic is the mandibular hypoplasia. This is commonly treated with orthodontic hardware and various surgical modalities. Most recently, a total joint replacement with a customized prosthesis is idealized to provide the best outcomes to these patients, so it has been used in some cases. The following case is of a 23-year-old female with congenital hypoplastic mandibular head and the absence of mandibular fossa. The proposed treatment was to reconstruct the mandible with a customized prosthesis and orthognathic surgery to correct the asymmetry and provide better phonation, speech, and facial contour. The patient is under six years follow-up with a complete adaptation of the prosthesis.
Comparison of marginal bone loss in SLA and RBM implants: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Nemati Majid , Dadkhah Bahar , Tabrizi Reza , Shafiei Shervin , Moslemi Hamidreza
Published: November 2023

Context:

The study aims to answer the following question: Among the patients who received a dental implant, is there any difference in marginal bone loss (MBL) between sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) and resorbable blast media (RBM) implants?

Aims:

The study aimed to evaluate marginal bone loss in SLA and RBM implants one year after loading.

Settings and Design:

A Prospective Cohort Study.

Methods and Material:

In this prospective cohort study with a pre-protocol population, subjects were assigned into two groups: Subjects received SLA implants in group 1 and RBM in group 2. MBL was assessed 12 months after loadings through digital parallel radiographs.

Statistical Analysis Used:

An Independent t-test was used to compare MBL between the two groups.

Results:

Sixty-six implants were studied (each group 33 implants). The mean of MBL in the RBM group was significantly higher than the SLA group (1.39 ± 0.31 mm, 0.89 ± 0.26 mm, respectively, P < 0.001). MBL in the mesial sides of implants in the RBM group was significantly higher than the SLA group (1.28 ± 0.29 mm, 0.8 ± 0.29 mm, respectively, P < 0.001). Analysis of the data demonstrated a significantly higher mean of MBL in the distal sides of implants in the RBM group than in the SLA group (1.51 ± 0.35 mm, 0.97 ± 0.27 mm, respectively, P < 0.001). In both groups, the mean of MBL on the distal side was significantly higher than on the mesial side (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Within this study's limitation, RBM implants showed significantly more MBL than SLA implants.
Management of fascial space infections using ultrasonography as a surgical guide for drainage - A case series
Authors: Abbiramy GK , Raghavendra K , Soman Sooraj , Gopinathan Pillai A.
Published: November 2023

Fascial space infections are common emergencies presented to a maxillofacial surgeon. Space infection requires early diagnosis and prompt management. When left untreated, space infection spreads and involves not just one space, but also its adjacent spaces. Abscess in the head and neck region are treated by surgical incision and drainage, along with antibiotics and removal of the causative factor. The surgical incision and drainage of an abscess, if carried out based on physical examination may result in, excessive pain, tissue trauma, unnecessary extensive incisions, excess time and failure to locate and evacuate the abscess fluid. To avoid all such complications, ultrasonography is not only an invaluable diagnostic tool but also aids in ultrasonography guided drainage of fascial space infections.
Competency-based Training Tools for Enhancing Communication Skills in the Health-care Sector: To Design and Develop Rubrics, Making, Grading, and Understanding the Applications
Authors: Roopashree Mandyam Rangayyan
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

Competency-based training tools are specifically utilized to improve the effectiveness of training programs in the health-care sector. For enhancing communication skills in the health-care sector, a framework of assessment, making, and grading has to be well performed and has to be need-based. The set of actions conducted as the framework of designing and making the rubrics for grading purposes and utilization of the same as application aspects in the health-care sector are performed as a training tool development.

Methods:

By literature search and by application-based objectives which are performed in a focused manner, the validated tool of rubrics was designed for grading purposes for training the health-care professionals. The parameters were used as a qualitative tool to analyze the data for soft-skill development purposes.

Results:

The framework was structured as application aspects to enhance the soft-skill development of health-care professionals. The seven-step method of designing and developing the rubrics was constructed for enhancing the effectiveness of the communication skill sets as training and development tools in the health-care sector.

Discussion:

It was found that after the training and continuous monitoring, the usage of rubrics was successfully implemented which showed some benefits such as self-discipline improvement with a positive attitude, increased awareness and morale, improvement of inter-human relations, and improvement of the internal communication processes.

Applications:

To improve the working environment and to enhance the motivation of staff who are working in a hospital and health-care organizations, the training tools are considered as value-added activity.

Conclusion:

The learnings are to be put into practice as it is a necessity. Practices are to be executed to provide satisfaction to the client or the customers.
Clinical characteristics analysis and construction of a predictive diagnostic model of community-acquired pneumonia in adults requiring hospitalization in Fujian provincial hospital
Authors: Wu Fan , Yue Wenxiang , Wu Jian , Zhao Yunan , Yu Xueying , Zhang Chi , Hu Xinlan , Xu Nengluan , Lin Ming , Xiao Yan , Ren Lili , Chen Yusheng , Li Hongru
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of infections caused by different pathogens and then establish a viral/bacterial infection prediction model to guide early clinical identification of pathogens in inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

METHODS:

A total of 687 patients who were diagnosed with CAP in our hospital between March 2012 and December 2018 were studied. Basic data, clinical symptoms, laboratory examinations, and imaging examinations of patients were collected, and a virus/bacteria prediction equation was established. In the prediction model, the relevant variables were screened according to a univariate logistic regression analysis, and then, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to establish the prediction equation.

RESULTS:

The proportions of patients with muscle soreness and headaches were significantly higher in the viral infection group than in the bacterial infection group. Procalcitonin (PCT) concentrations, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and the neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) score were significantly higher in the bacterial infection group than in the viral infection group. Creatine kinase concentrations were significantly higher in the viral infection group than in the bacterial infection group (P < 0.05). A higher proportion of patients had lung degeneration in the atypical pathogen infection group than in other groups (P = 0.005). Patchy shadows were more common in the viral infection group than in the other groups. A binary logistic regression equation was obtained that could predict the probability of viral infection (sensitivity: 57.5%, specificity: 67.7%, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve: 0.651).

CONCLUSIONS:

Adult patients with CAP and viral infection are more likely to have headaches and muscle soreness than those with bacterial infection. An elevated PCT concentration, NAP score, and ESR indicate a high possibility of bacterial infection. We successfully established a viral and bacterial infection prediction model.
Adoption of Quantum Computing in Economic Analysis: Potential and Challenges in Distributed Information Systems
Authors: Dharmawati Tuti , Judijanto Loso , Fatmawati Endang , Rokhim Abdul , Ruhana Faria , Erkamim Moh
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION: Quantum computing technology has become a center of attention in various scientific disciplines, including economic analysis. The adoption of quantum computing in economic analysis offers tremendous potential to improve the processing of complex economic data and provide deep insights. However, the use of quantum technology in the context of distributed information systems also raises several challenges, including data security and the limitations of quantum technology. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to investigate the implications of adopting quantum computing in economic analysis, with a focus on distributed information systems. METHODS: This research was carried out using a descriptive qualitative approach, with data derived from the results of relevant research and previous studies. The collected data will be processed and analyzed to gain a deeper understanding of the adoption of quantum computing in economic analysis in distributed information systems. RESULTS: This research then finds that the adoption of quantum computing in economic analysis has the potential to increase efficiency, accuracy, and depth of economic insight. However, limitations of current quantum technologies, including quantum errors, limited scale of operations, and data security issues, limit their applications. In the long term, research and development will be key to overcoming these obstacles and maximizing the potential of this technology in economic analysis. CONCLUSION: The long-term implications include increased economic competitiveness and significant changes in the way economic decision-making is carried out, assuming that ethical and regulatory issues are also carefully considered.
Конечные разрешимые группы c транзитивным отношением $\sigma$-квазинормальности подгрупп
Authors: Wan Zhigang , Guo Wen Bin , Safonova Inna Nikolaevna , Skiba Alexander Nikolaevich
Published: November 2023

Пусть $\sigma=\{\sigma_{i} \mid i\in I\}$ - некоторое разбиение множества всех простых чисел и $G$ - конечная группа.
Группа $G$ называется: $\sigma$-примарной, если $G$ является $\sigma_{i}$-группой для некоторого $i\in I$; $\sigma$-полной, если $G$ имеет холлову $\sigma_{i}$-подгруппу для всех $i\in I$. Говорят, что подгруппа $A$ группы $G$:
(i) $\sigma$-субнормальна в $G$, если существует цепь подгрупп
$A=A_{0} \leqslant A_{1} \leqslant \dotsb \leqslant A_{n}=G$
такая, что либо $A_{i-1} \trianglelefteq A_{i}$, либо
$A_{i}/(A_{i-1})_{A_{i}}$ является ${\sigma}$-примарной для всех $i=1, …, n$;
(ii) модулярной в $G$, если выполняются следующие условия:
(1) $\langle X, A \cap Z \rangle=\langle X, A \rangle \cap Z$
для всех $X \leqslant G, Z \leqslant G$ таких, что $X \leqslant Z$, и
(2) $\langle A, Y \cap Z \rangle=\langle A, Y \rangle \cap Z$
для всех $Y \leqslant G, Z \leqslant G$ таких, что $A \leqslant Z$;
(iii) $\sigma$-квазинормальной в $G$, если $A$
$\sigma$-субнормальна и модулярна в $G$.
В работе получено описание конечных разрешимых групп c транзитивным отношением $\sigma$-квазинормальности подгрупп.
Обобщаются некоторые известные результаты.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Kolskie Towarzystwo Wspomagania Biednych w świetle protokołów zebrań zarządu w latach dwudziestych XX wieku
Authors: Barnaś-Baran Ewa
Published: November 2023

W artykule ukazano działalność opiekuńczą Kolskiego Towarzystwa Wspomagania Biednych w latach dwudziestych XX wieku. W oparciu o przeprowadzoną analizę protokołów zebrań zarządu tego Towarzystwa przedstawiono jego powstanie i rozwój, cele działalności i formy pracy opiekuńczej. Ustalono zadania realizowane przez poszczególne wydziały, czyli organy realizujące przyjęte cele i zadania w latach 1921-1927. W latach dwudziestych XX wieku podejmowano bardzo duży wysiłek zmierzający do utrzymania jego funkcjonowania. Od 1927 roku nosiło ono nazwę Katolickie Towarzystwo Dobroczynności w Kole.

Kolskie Towarzystwo Wspomagania Biednych in the Light of the Protocols of Board Meetings in the 1920s: The article presents the caring activities of the Kolskie Towarzystwo Wspomagania Biednych in the 1920s. Based on the analysis of the protocols of the meetings of the board of this Society, the establishment and development of the Society, its goals and forms of welfare work are presented. The tasks carried out by the various departments, i.e. the bodies carrying out the accepted aims and tasks between 1921 and 1927, are identified. During the 1920s, a very great effort was made to keep it functioning. From 1927 onwards, it carried the name Catholic Charitable Society in the Circle.
A reference assembly for the legume cover crop hairy vetch (Vicia villosa)
Authors: Fuller Tyson , Bickhart Derek M. , Koch Lisa M. , Kucek Lisa Kissing , Ali Shahjahan , Mangelson Haley , Monteros Maria J. , Hernandez Timothy , Smith Timothy P. L. , Riday Heathcliffe , Sullivan Michael L.
Published: November 2023

Vicia villosa is an incompletely domesticated annual legume of the Fabaceae family native to Europe and Western Asia. V. villosa is widely used as a cover crop and forage due to its ability to withstand harsh winters. Here, we generated a reference-quality genome assembly (Vvill1.0) from low error-rate long-sequence reads to improve the genetic-based trait selection of this species. Our Vvill1.0 assembly includes seven scaffolds corresponding to the seven estimated linkage groups and comprising approximately 68% of the total genome size of 2.03 Gbp. This assembly is expected to be a useful resource for genetically improving this emerging cover crop species and provide useful insights into legume genomics and plant genome evolution.
SEXISMO: CULPABILIDADE DAS VÍTIMAS DE VIOLÊNCIA E A FALTA DE AMPARO QUE AS LEVAM DA AGRESSÃO AO FEMINICÍDIO
Authors: Brandão Pinheiro Maria Eduarda , Castro Bickel Janaína Silveira
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar a historicidade e luta dos direitos femininos, no meio da dominação do patriarcado. Além de analisar a eficácia ou ineficácia das medidas protetivas de urgência da Lei nº 11.340/2006, popularmente conhecida como Lei Maria da Penha, em conjunto com a Lei nº 13.104/2015 devido ao crescente aumento da violência que mulheres estão submetidas dentro do âmbito doméstico e familiar, sendo que muitas acabam se tornando vítimas fatais. E, analisar o modo como o Estado procede ou abstém para a garantia da dignidade humana da mulher e proteção dos seus direitos.
Apresentação do Dossiê “Elites e Instituições”
Authors: Da Fonseca Engler Icaro Gabriel , Voos Charles Henrique
Published: November 2023

O presente dossiê, “Elites e Instituições”, tem como objetivo principal a apresentação de pesquisas que se inserem dentro da temática de estudos das elites e as suas relações com diferentes instituições sociais. Para além das pesquisas em si mesmas, o dossiê também tem como objetivo a divulgação dos próprios autores, que se dedicam a pesquisar este tema e, em sua maioria, ainda estão em processo de formação, cursando doutorado, ou de inserção no campo acadêmico, como professores. A própria temática dos estudos das elites, como podemos nomear de modo genérico, não ocupa mais um lugar central nas ciências sociais, como já ocupou em outros tempos, principalmente na sociologia política e ciência política. Assim, temos um grupo reduzido de pesquisadores, reunidos em torno de alguns orientadores em determinadas universidades.
Limites e possibilidades dos usos do Diário Oficial da União como fonte de pesquisa das elites burocráticas
Authors: Batista Pilau Lucas , Engelmann Fabiano
Published: November 2023

Esse artigo tem como objetivo debater os limites e as possibilidades dos usos do Diário Oficial da União (DOU) como fonte de pesquisa dos percursos profissionais e políticos das elites burocráticas brasileiras a partir do relato de duas investigações. O DOU foi inaugurado em 1862 e encontra-se vinculado à Imprensa Nacional, sendo publicado diariamente no sítio eletrônico do Governo Federal. Em duas seções iniciais, retomamos o conceito de pesquisa documental nas ciências sociais e situamos o modo de funcionamento do DOU. Para contribuir com a compreensão sobre os usos do DOU como fonte documental, numa terceira seção exploramos as coletas de dados realizadas em duas investigações: uma sobre os padrões de internacionalização de procuradores da República, advogados da União e delegados federais; e outra sobre as cessões e requisições de policiais federais para outros órgãos públicos. Nosso relato permite afirmar que ao se tomar o DOU como fonte de pesquisa se torna possível a consulta a uma matriz de dados documentais padronizada e com longo histórico de publicação de atos administrativos. Por outro lado, existe pouca margem para pesquisas de cunho qualitativo ou que busquem maior aprofundamento na realidade investigada.
Formatos Institucionais e Padrões de Ação Política das Federações Subnacionais da Indústria em 30 anos de redemocratização (1988-2018)
Authors: Hartmann José Augusto
Published: November 2023

Este artigo analisa os padrões do acompanhamento do processo legislativo realizado pelas Federações Subnacionais da Indústria, buscando identificar as mudanças em seus formatos institucionais nos anos subsequentes à redemocratização. Tendo-se em vista a qualidade da organização interna dessas entidades avalia um processo de profissionalização política, definido pela sistematicidade, enraizamento e transparência de suas ações.  Em vista disso, verificou-se a organização interna das Federações, avaliando-se sua estrutura de acompanhamento e não o “sucesso” de seu posicionamento em relação ao legislativo. Para além da descrição da organização e das trajetórias das Federações Subnacionais da Indústria, enfatizou-se cinco delas, uma por região do país, a fim de examinar seus padrões de acompanhamento. Apresenta-se uma pesquisa em que se buscou descrever comparativamente a organização para o acompanhamento do processo legislativo subnacional, definindo-se seus padrões de ação. A hipótese sugere que houve um processo de profissionalização política das Federações nos anos posteriores à redemocratização, o que, por meio dessa avaliação, pode-se verificar, ainda que de modo não-homogêneo.  Assim, se a hipótese é confirmada ao menos em parte, faz indicar para a necessidade de avaliação mais cuidadosa sobre as causas das mudanças nos seus formatos institucionais.
A Case Study of Doormat Craft Business Management by Disabled People's Organizations
Authors: Purnomo Edy , Setiadi Bayu Rahmat , Ishartiwi Ishartiwi , Damayanto Angga , Wibawa Eka Ary
Published: November 2023

The Pusat Pemberdayaan Mitra Sejahtera (PPDMS) is a Disabled People's Organization (DPO) in Indonesia that continued operating its doormat craft business during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a unique time, given many constraints on workers in Indonesia. This study aimed to explore the challenges PPDMS faced while running their doormat craft business during the COVID-19 pandemic and what strategies they used to overcome these challenges. A case study was used to explore the unique characteristics of DPO entities and their strategies to continue a sustainable business during the pandemic. Research participants included organizational leaders, members, coordinators, partner subsidiaries, and families of persons with disabilities. Data collection techniques included interviews, observation, and document review. The research findings revealed determinants of the DPO's survival in the doormat craft business, namely (a) transformative leadership based on cooperation, (b) productivity of DPO members and their families, and (c) assistive technology for accessible doormat craft. These findings can inform good practices that can be disseminated to other DPOs.
Ties That Blind: A Longitudinal Study on Consanguinity and Congenital Disorders in Kabirwala, Pakistan
Authors: Irfan Hifza , Sharif Abida , Sabir Imran , Watto Saeed Ahmad , Zaman Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Consanguineous marriage, defined as marriage between close relatives, is a prevalent practice in many traditional societies. It is commonly perceived to secure property rights, maintain social cohesion, and fortify kinship structures. However, consanguineous marriages are also associated with an increased risk of inbreeding and consequent chromosomal disorders. Pakistan has one of the highest rates of consanguineous marriage worldwide, with an estimated 60% of all marriages occurring between close relatives. This study focuses on the persistence of consanguinity in Kabirwala, Pakistan, a town in the Punjab province. It investigates the trend of consanguinity and relative affinity according to generations in Kabirwala. It also observes the effects of modernization on consanguinity and explores the reasons behind the practice from the respondents' perspectives. The study used a longitudinal qualitative design, conducting in-depth interviews with the same participants (N=24 couples) over 15 years. Findings indicate that consanguinity is still prevalent in Kabirwala, with 77% of marriages between cousins. The study also found that the practice is rooted in traditional knowledge frameworks that link consanguinity to congenital disorders. However, modernization has led to a decline in consanguineous marriage among younger generations.
Klaster analiza pametnih gradova s posebnim naglaskom na kriterijum zdravstvenog osiguranja
Authors: KORHEC Reka , SAVIĆ Mirko , STOJIĆ Dragan
Published: November 2023

Perspektiva iz koje stanovnici jednog grada posmatraju njegov razvoj i njihova participacija postaje jedno od centralnih mesta u istraživanju pametnih gradova. Smart City Index za 2021. godinu je između ostalog objavio podatke o tome kako su građani rangirali petnaest prioritetnih područja koja su najkritičnija u njihovim gradovima. Među ovim oblastima se nalazi i zdravstveno osiguranje. Dati kriterijum ima posebnu važnost zbog toga što je istraživanje sprovedeno u 2021. godini, tokom pandemije virusa Kovid-19. Postavlja se generalno pitanje koliko su neki gradovi međusobno slični odnosno različiti, s obzirom na iskazane prioritete? Istraživanje stavlja poseban naglasak na pitanja kako možemo podeliti gradove na osnovu kriterijuma zdravstvenog osiguranja i da li je pandemija virusa Kovid-19 imala uticaj na podelu gradova? Rezultati klaster analize pokazuju da iako se u određenim slučajevima gradovi sa istog kontinenta grupišu u iste klastere, ni u kom slučaju se ne može povući jasna crta koja bi razdvojila gradove iz jednog dela zemaljske kugle u odnosu na druge delove planete, osim u slučaju pametnih gradova iz Južne i Severne Amerike, koji predstavljaju dve veoma homogene grupe. Pored toga može se zaključiti da kriterijum zdravstvenog osiguranja zauzima prvo mesto u pogledu prioriteta u gradovima iz Južne Amerike i Afrike.
From Préaux to Property Rights: Changing Views of the Ptolemaic “Royal Economy”
Authors: DOGAER Nico
Published: November 2023

Résumé

Titre : De Préaux aux droits de propriété : nouvelles approches de l’ « économie royale » en Égypte lagide

L’historiographie de la fiscalité dans l’Égypte lagide est dominée par les questions d’étatisme, de centralisation, de dirigisme et de planification économique, souvent exprimées en termes d’« économie royale ». L’idée d’une économie d’État étroitement contrôlée par les rois est ancrée dans les synthèses encore fondamentales des années 1930 et 1940. Depuis cette époque, la publication de nouveaux documents et l’adoption de nouveaux cadres théoriques ont conduit les chercheurs à mettre en question ce paradigme. Dans cet article, l’histoire de ces vues dirigistes, aussi bien que les progrès récents qui les ont érodées, sont retracées. Deux domaines principaux sont traités plus en détail : le régime et la fiscalité foncières, et les prétendus « monopoles royaux ». De plus, quelques réflexions sont proposées sur l’utilité du concept d’« économie royale » lui-même comme approche pour aborder le système fiscal lagide.

Abstract

The historiography of fiscality in Ptolemaic Egypt is dominated by questions of state control, centralisation, dirigisme, and economic planning, often expressed in terms of the “royal economy”. The idea of such a strictly supervised state economy is rooted in the still fundamental syntheses of the 1930s and 1940s. In the meantime, both the publication of new documents and the adoption of new theoretical frameworks have led scholars to challenge this concept. In this paper, the history of the dirigiste views and the recent developments eroding them are traced. Two core areas are singled out and treated in more detail: land tenure and taxation, and the so-called “royal monopolies”. In addition, some reflections are offered on the concept of the “royal economy” itself, suggesting that there may be more useful ways to approach the Ptolemaic fiscal system.
Enjeux politiques et processus de légitimation autour du Coran dans la seconde moitié du VIIe siècle
Authors: BOUALI Hassan
Published: November 2023

Résumé

Cet article vise à comprendre le rapport que les autorités politiques ont entretenu avec le Coran dans la seconde moitié du VIIe siècle. La première partie s’interroge en premier lieu sur l’enjeu politique du Coran entre la première fitna et le long règne de Muʿāwiya. La seconde partie porte son attention sur l’éventuelle signification politique du codex du calife rival des Omeyyades, ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr.

Abstract

Title: Political Issues and Legitimisation Process around the Qurʾān in the second half of the Seventh century

This article aims to understand the relationship that political authorities had with the Qurʾān in the second half of the seventh century. The first part focuses on the issue of the Qurʾān between the first fitna and the long reign of Muʿāwiya. The second part turns its attention to the possible political significance of the codex of the caliph rival to the Umayyads, ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr.
Al-Ḥağğāğ b. Yūsuf and the Umayyad Qurʾān in Syrian Historiography
Authors: JUDD Steven C.
Published: November 2023

Résumé

Titre : Al-Ḥağğāğ b. Yūsuf et le Coran omeyyade dans l’historiographie syrienne

Les sources historiques évoquent al-Ḥağğāğ b. Yūsuf (m. 95/714) en tant que tyrannique gouverneur omeyyade de l’Iraq. Cependant, il a également joué un rôle important dans les efforts de ʿAbd al-Malik pour standardiser le Coran, ce qui complique la manière dont est brossé son portrait historique. Cet article examine comment les savants syriens, à commencer par Ibn ʿAsākir, firent face tant à la mauvaise réputation d’al-Ḥağğāğ qu’à son importance sur le plan religieux, dans le cadre de leurs efforts pour revendiquer la codification du texte coranique comme réalisation omeyyade.

Abstract

Al-Hağğāğ b. Yūsuf (d. 95/714) is remembered in the historical sources for his role as the tyrannical Umayyad governor of Iraq. However, he also played an important part in ʿAbd al-Malik’s effort to standardize the Qurʾān, which complicated his historical portrayal. This paper examines how Syrian scholars, beginning with Ibn ʿAsākir, confronted al-Hağğāğ’s simultaneous villainy and religious significance as part of their efforts to claim the codification of the Qurʾānic text as an Umayyad achievement.
La canonisation des variantes de lecture coraniques en question : remarques sur la mémorisation intégrale du Coran et les critères de sélection des qurrāʾ
Authors: CHAHDI Hassan
Published: November 2023

Résumé

La question de la transmission du Coran et de sa mémorisation est problématique dès les débuts de l’islam. Les sources musulmanes sont contradictoires au sujet de la biographie des Compagnons qui auraient mémorisé intégralement le Coran. Bien que la doxa musulmane soutienne que la transmission des variantes de lecture (qirāʾāt) du Coran est fidèle à l’enseignement prophétique, l’étude de ces sources montre que si la nomenclature du ḥadīṯ avait été appliquée à la transmission du Coran et de ses variantes, celle-ci aurait dû être rendue invalide. Elle met en évidence le paradoxe entre la transmission du Coran et celle du ḥadīṯ, paradoxe qui réside dans la façon de statuer sur les rapporteurs de qirāʾāt par rapport à ceux du ḥadīṯ. En effet, il ne suffit pas d’être disqualifié de la transmission des ḥadīṯ-s pour l’être en matière de qirāʾāt. Enfin, l’article traite de la sélection des qurrāʾ (« lecteurs, rapporteurs ») par Ibn Muǧāhid, qui, en se fondant sur des critères d’ordre politique plutôt que sur la fiabilité de ces qurrāʾ, privilégie les partisans de la cause de ʿUṯmān au dépend des partisans de la cause de ʿAlī. Ainsi, le conflit autour de la succession du Prophète a eu des répercussions sur la sélection des qurrāʾ à Bagdad au Xe siècle.

Abstract

Title: Questioning the Canonisation of the Variant Readings of the Qurʾān: Remarks on the Integral Memorisation of the Qurʾān and on the Criteria Used to Select the Qurrāʾ

The question of the transmission and memorisation of the Qurʾān has been problematic since the beginnings of Islam. The Muslim sources are contradictory about the biographies of the Companions having memorised the Qurʾān in its entirety. Although Muslim doxa holds that the transmission of variant readings (qirāʾāt) of the Qurʾān is faithful to the prophetic teaching, the study of these sources shows that, had the nomenclature of the ḥadīṯ been applied to the transmission of variants of the Qurʾān, the latter would have been invalidated. It highlights the paradox between the transmission of the Qurʾān and that of the ḥadīṯ, a paradox which lies in the way of evaluating the transmitters of qirāʾāt as compared to those of the ḥadīṯ. Indeed, it does not suffice to be disqualified in terms of ḥadīṯ transmission to be disqualified ipso facto in terms of qirāʾāt transmission. Finally, this study discusses the selection of qurrāʾ in Ibn Muǧāhid’s works, which, based more on political criteria than on the reliability of the qurrāʾ, favored supporters of the cause of ʿUṯmān over those of the cause of ʿAlī. Thus, the conflict over the succession to the Prophet affected the selection of the qurrāʾ in Baghdad in the 10th century.
Evaluation of Large Language Models Using an Indian Language LGBTI+ Lexicon
Authors: Joshi Aditya , Rawat Shruta
Published: November 2023

Large language models (LLMs) are typically evaluated on the basis of task-based benchmarks such as MMLU. Such benchmarks do not examine the behaviour of LLMs in specific contexts. This is particularly true in the LGBTI+ context where social stereotypes may result in variation in LGBTI+ terminology. Therefore, domain-specific lexicons or dictionaries may be useful as a representative list of words against which the LLM’s behaviour needs to be evaluated. This paper presents a methodology for evaluation of LLMs using an LGBTI+ lexicon in Indian languages. The methodology consists of four steps: formulating NLP tasks relevant to the expected behaviour, creating prompts that test LLMs, using the LLMs to obtain the output and, finally, manually evaluating the results. Our qualitative analysis shows that the three LLMs we experiment on are unable to detect underlying hateful content. Similarly, we observe limitations in using machine translation as means to evaluate natural language understanding in languages other than English. The methodology presented in this paper can be useful for LGBTI+ lexicons in other languages as well as other domain-specific lexicons. The work done in this paper opens avenues for responsible behaviour of LLMs in the Indian context, especially with prevalent social perception of the LGBTI+ community.
Fatores socioeconômicos associados a padrões não saudáveis de alimentação: uma análise sob a ótica da economia comportamental
Authors:   , David Rayza Caroline Gama
Published: November 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a probabilidade de escolha de consumo para refrigerantes e sanduíches levando-se em consideração aspectos comportamentais e socioeconômicos dos indivíduos e, a partir disso, explorar os determinantes da tomada de decisão. Os dados utilizados foram extraídos da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2017-2018 e o método Probit Bivariado foi utilizado para estimar as probabilidades conjuntas e os efeitos marginais para o consumo de refrigerantes e sanduíches, categorias selecionadas para representar os ultraprocessados, alimentos considerados como marcadores não saudáveis de alimentação. Os principais resultados encontrados apontam alguns comportamentos de risco, visto que indivíduos que tenham consumido drogas lícitas, também têm maior probabilidade de consumo conjunto de tais alimentos analisados. Além disso, jovens adultos se mostraram mais propensos a consumir refrigerante e sanduíche, tanto de forma isolada, como conjuntamente. Outro fator preocupante é que níveis altos de renda e escolaridade são mais favoráveis a este padrão de consumo. No entanto, indivíduos com necessidades relacionadas à diabetes mostraram menor propensão de consumo conjunto de tais categorias, enquanto para hipertensão, não houve diferenças estatísticas comparando-se com aqueles que não precisaram adquirir medicamentos para tal doença. De forma geral, identificar como tais fatores influenciam os hábitos alimentares pode auxiliar a delinear estratégias que se dediquem a esclarecer e sensibilizar a população quanto aos riscos de uma alimentação não saudável e suas repercussões no médio e longo prazo, utilizando meios para implementar programas de educação nutricional nas escolas e na comunidade em geral, distribuir amplamente materiais que auxiliem a interpretação de rótulos por parte do público comum e fomentar a adesão à alimentação saudável e aos exercícios físicos em empresas e demais locais de trabalho como alternativas para melhorar o bem-estar e as condições de saúde da população. Palavras-chave: Hábitos de consumo. Alimentos ultraprocessados. Probit bivariado.