bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Movement‐evoked pain is not associated with pain at rest or physical function in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Lozano‐Meca José Antonio , Gacto‐Sánchez Mariano , Montilla‐Herrador Joaquina
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is mainly characterized by pain. The assessment of KOA‐related pain frequently focuses on different constructs subject to sources of bias or drawbacks, as the classical Pain at Rest (PAR). Movement‐evoked pain (MEP), recently defined as ‘pain during walking’, emerges as a differential concept, since PAR and MEP are driven by different underlying mechanisms. Given the novelty of the MEP approach, its association with PAR or with different performance‐based tests has not been studied in KOA yet.

Materials and Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted. PAR was measured, alongside the performance of four mobility tests and their corresponding MEP: Timed Up and Go Test, 10‐metre Walk Test, 2‐Minute Walk Test, and 6‐Minute Walk Test. Association and agreement were explored for MEP versus PAR, while the correlation of the tests versus each corresponding MEP‐measure was assessed.

Results

Neither association nor agreement were found in the duality MEP versus PAR. Also, the lack of association between the performance of a mobility test and the perceived level of pain during the development of the test was stated.

Conclusion

Movement‐evoked pain is neither related to pain at rest nor to functional performance in subjects affected by knee osteoarthritis. The results from our study suggest that MEP and pain at rest measure and refer to different constructs in knee osteoarthritis. The implementation of MEP as an outcome in exercise‐therapy could enhance the tracking of results, as well as the development of tailored interventions under different conditions.

Significance

This research elucidates the relevance of MEP, recently defined as ‘pain during walking’, through the analysis of its association with PAR and with functional performance (measured through four mobility tests) in knee osteoarthritis. The results from our study highlight the absence of either association or agreement between MEP and PAR, fact that supports and endorses the idea that both concepts measure and refer to different constructs in knee osteoarthritis.
Exogenous γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) improves the cadmium phytoremediation capacity of Solanum nigrum var. humile under cadmium stress
Authors: Li Wanzhi , Li Xiufen , Zhou Kexuan , Jin Xin , Huang Chengyi , Hu Rongping , Lin Lijin , Wang Jin
Published: January 2024

γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has shown promise in enhancing crop tolerance to heavy metal stress. To improve the cadmium (Cd) phytoremediation capacity of hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum var. humile, the effects of exogenous GABA on the growth and Cd accumulation of S. nigrum var. humile were studied. When exposed to Cd stress (0.1 mg/L) through irrigation, S. nigrum var. humile exhibited inhibited growth, characterized by decreased biomass and contents of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid). However, the application of exogenous GABA at 1 and 2 g/L increased various organs biomass and photosynthetic pigment content of S. nigrum var. humile to certain degree under Cd stress. Compared with the Cd treatment, the concentrations of 1 and 2 g/L GABA increased the shoot biomass by 8.24% and 16.62%, respectively. GABA also increased the Cd contents, bioconcentration factors, and Cd extractions in various organs of S. nigrum var. humile. Compared with the Cd treatment, the concentrations of 1 and 2 g/L GABA increased the shoot Cd extraction by 17.66% and 24.47%, respectively. Moreover, correlation and gray relational analyses showed that the shoot biomass, chlorophyll b content, and total chlorophyll content were the top three parameters closely related to shoot Cd extraction. These findings suggest that GABA can alleviate Cd‐induced stress in S. nigrum var. humile, thus enhancing its phytoremediation capacity for Cd‐contaminated soils.
A diagram‐based design procedure for Intermediate Isolation System in existing buildings with inelastic behavior
Authors: Esposito Francesco , Faiella Diana , Mele Elena
Published: January 2024

Vertical extensions of existing buildings can be realized through Intermediate Isolation System (IIS): the extension, equipped with a base isolation system on the rooftop of the existing building, can work as a mass damper, thus reducing the seismic demand on the old structure. The idea proposed in this paper is to predict the elastic or inelastic response of the existing structure in the IIS configuration by means of the results of simple linear analyses. Parametric response spectrum analyses are performed on simplified two degree‐of‐freedom models by varying the mass ratio and the periods of both the existing building and the new isolated vertical extension. So‐called IIS design spectra are derived, and the results are provided as design charts. Given the period of the existing building and the mass ratio, the period of the new isolated vertical extension is selected to obtain the required/desired response of the existing building. For existing buildings working in the elastic field, the designer can derive the response of the existing building by utilizing the IIS design spectra as design charts. For existing building working in the inelastic field, the design charts can still be adopted, though within a more complex procedure, which accounts for two limit behaviors that the extended building exhibits in the inelastic field. The outlined design procedure is applied to some case studies and validated through the comparison with the results of nonlinear time history analyses.
An efficient and secure wearable sensor based remote healthcare monitoring system using adaptive dilated transformer Bi‐LSTM with gated recurrent unit
Authors: Vishnupriya G. , Anusha S. , Kayikci Safak
Published: January 2024

Innovative research works in the healthcare sector keep on advancing every day. As the “Internet of Things (IoT)” keeps on evolving, the application of IoT in the medical field is prominent these days. Utilizing IoT devices, alert messages can be sent directly to medical professionals in case of an emergency. So, monitoring the health condition of an individual using IoT technology has become a popular and beneficial method in today's contemporary medical field. With the help of mobile IoT medical equipment, the technology of smart Healthcare Monitoring System (HMS) is proliferating. By utilizing deep learning and IoT technology, the medical diagnosis system has evolved from direct face‐to‐face visits to the hospital to remote telemedicine method. Most of the data generated by the IoT wearable sensors are highly correlated and may consist of outliers. The extraction of the essential attributes from these data is a complicated task. So, “deep learning and machine learning” techniques are adapted to determine the most relevant and appropriate feature required for efficient diagnosis from the unstructured data produced by the IoT devices and thus help in minimizing the redundancy of unnecessary data. Fusing deep learning methods with healthcare IoT made only the essential details to be available for diagnosis. Therefore, a deep learning‐oriented IoT‐based HMS is executed in this work. With the support of several wearable healthcare devices, the required data are acquired. The encryption of the data acquired from standard sources using Optimal Key‐based Advanced Encryption Standard (OK‐AES) is carried out next to assure the security of the sensitive medical data. The keys for AES encryption are optimally chosen with the aid of the Enhanced Heap‐Based Optimizer Algorithm (EHBOA). The encrypted data is transferred to the “cloud platform” for data storage. Once there is a need for the data, then the encrypted data is initially downloaded from the cloud platform. Then using the same AES scheme, the decryption of the data to attain the original data is carried out. From the retrieved data, the extraction of the crucial attributes is carried out. The extracted features are chosen in an optimized manner and are concatenated with the tuned weights to form the weighted feature matrix. This formulated weighted feature matrix is provided as input to the “Adaptive Dilated Transformer Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory (Bi‐LSTM) with Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) (ADTBi‐LSTM‐GRU) model.” The variables in the ADTBG are optimized using the EHBOA for providing an accurate classification outcome. The classified disease outcome is obtained from the deployed ADTBi‐LSTM‐GRU model. Simulations are done to verify the efficiency and reliability of the implemented deep learning and IoT‐based HMS.
Scalability of nanopore osmotic energy conversion
Authors: Tsutsui Makusu , Hsu Wei‐Lun , Yokota Kazumichi , Leong Iat Wai , Daiguji Hirofumi , Kawai Tomoji
Published: January 2024

Artificial nanofluidic networks are emerging systems for blue energy conversion that leverages surface charge‐derived permselectivity to induce voltage from diffusive ion transport under salinity difference. Here the pivotal significance of electrostatic inter‐channel couplings in multi‐nanopore membranes, which impose constraints on porosity and subsequently influence the generation of large osmotic power outputs, is illustrated. Constructive interference is observed between two 20 nm nanopores of 30 nm spacing that renders enhanced permselectivity to osmotic power output via the recovered electroneutrality. On contrary, the interference is revealed as destructive in two‐dimensional arrays causing significant deteriorations of the ion selectivity even for the nanopores sparsely distributed at an order of magnitude larger spacing than the Dukhin length. Most importantly, a scaling law is provided for deducing the maximal membrane area and porosity to avoid the selectivity loss via the inter‐pore electrostatic coupling. As the electric crosstalk is inevitable in any fluidic network, the present findings can be a useful guide to design nanoporous membranes for scalable osmotic power generations.
Bioaccessibility and antioxidant capacity of kefir‐based smoothies fortified with kale and spinach after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Yilmaz‐Ersan Lutfiye , Ozcan Tulay , Usta‐Gorgun Buse , Ciniviz Melike , Keser Gokce , Bengu Ilay , Keser Raziye Asli
Published: January 2024

The kefir‐based smoothies with kale and spinach were designed as a ready‐to‐drink and innovative functional snack. Microbiological, physicochemical, as well as pre‐ and postgastrointestinal total antioxidant capacity (TAC; CUPRAC, DPPH, and FRAP) analyses were conducted. It was determined that the kefir‐based smoothies with vegetables had higher ash, carbohydrate, and dietary fiber values. Fructose and glucose contents of smoothy with kale were high, while smoothy with spinach included high sucrose and maltose. The microbiology results revealed that kefir‐based vegetable smoothies had minimum Lactobacillaceae viability (>log 7 cfu g−1) for the required functional effect after 14‐day storage. Moreover, the addition of kale significantly increased (p < .01) the level of initial TAC (CUPRAC, DPPH, and FRAP) and total phenolic content (TPC) values. After in vitro gastric digestion analysis, smoothie with spinach demonstrated higher TAC and TPC values and the control sample had higher TAC and TPC values compared with a predigestion step. It was found that in vitro intestinal DPPH values were higher for the sample with spinach samples, while the sample with kale had the highest FRAP values. It was also found that the bioaccessibility indexes of plain kefir were determined to be the highest in both in vitro gastric and intestinal procedures. The present study provided novel insights into the in vitro digestion properties of kefir fortified with vegetables. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to identify the functional properties of the milk and plant matrices mixture using in vitro and in vivo trials.
Assessing the relationship of maternal short stature with coexisting forms of malnutrition among neonates, infants, and young children of Pakistan
Authors: Khaliq Asif , Nambiar Smita , Miller Yvette D. , Wraith Darren
Published: January 2024

Evidence from previous studies suggests a strong association between pediatric undernutrition and maternal stature. However, there's a scarcity of evidence regarding the relationship between maternal stature and pediatric coexisting forms of malnutrition (CFM). This study examined the prevalence and trends of CFM at the individual, household, and community levels, using data from the Demographic & Health Surveys (DHS) of Pakistan. Furthermore, this study assessed the association between pediatric CFM and short maternal stature while adjusting for multiple covariates. A panel cross‐sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2012–2013 and 2017–2018 Pakistan Demographic & Health Survey (PDHS). We included data from 6194 mother–child dyads aged 15–49 years and 0–59 months, respectively, while excluding data from pregnant mothers and dyads with incomplete anthropometric variables and anthropometric outliers. Across the two survey periods, our findings reveal a significant decline in pediatric malnutrition, including CFM, alongside a concurrent increase in maternal overweight/obesity. Three out of four households had either a malnourished mother, and/or a malnourished child, and/or both. Our study demonstrates that short maternal stature increased the odds of various forms of pediatric undernutrition by two‐to‐threefolds (p < .041), but we did not find an association with wasting, overweight/obesity, and nutritional paradox. This underscores the heightened vulnerability of children born to short‐stature mothers to various forms of pediatric undernutrition. Addressing the high prevalence of pediatric undernutrition among children of short‐stature mothers necessitates a comprehensive approach that considers an individual's nutritional status throughout their entire life cycle.
Investigation of high‐entropy alloy derived spinel‐based layer for SOFC cathode‐side contact application
Authors: Yu Yutian , Lin Youchen , Li Ruizhu , Hao Jingxuan , Lu Yue , Guan Chengzhi , Xiao Guoping , Wang Jian‐Qiang
Published: January 2024

A simulated interconnect/contact/cathode/cathode support test cell is fabricated to investigate the effectiveness of the high‐entropy alloy as the contact material on the microstructure and the performance of the converted spinel‐based layer. Although the CuMnNiFeCo alloy powder is selected as the contact precursor, it showed good sinterability after sintering at 900°C for 2 h in air. The electrical performance of the contact layer is evaluated by the area‐specific resistance measurement, including isothermal exposure and thermal cycling. The compatibility of the contact layer with adjacent components is investigated through observing the cross‐sectional view of the test cell. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the contact layer in inhibiting Cr migration is also assessed.
CARDPSoML: Comparative approach to analyze and predict cardiovascular disease based on medical report data and feature fusion approach
Authors: Sinha Anurag , Narula Dev , Pandey Saroj Kumar , Kumar Ankit , Hassan Md. Mehedi , Jha Pooja , Kumar Biresh , Tiwari Manish Kumar
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims

Diabetes patients are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which makes early identification and prompt management essential. To diagnose CVD in diabetic patients, this work attempts to provide a feature‐fusion strategy employing supervised learning classifiers.

Methods

Preprocessing patient data is part of the method, and it includes important characteristics connected to diabetes including insulin resistance and blood glucose levels. Principal component analysis and wavelet transformations are two examples of feature extraction techniques that are used to extract pertinent characteristics. The supervised learning classifiers, such as neural networks, decision trees, and support vector machines, are then trained and assessed using these characteristics.

Results

Based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, these classifiers' performance is closely evaluated. The assessment findings show that the classifiers have a good accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value, suggesting that the suggested strategy may be useful in diagnosing CVD in patients with diabetes.

Conclusion

The recommended method shows potential as a useful tool for developing clinical decision support systems and for the early detection of CVD in diabetes patients. To further improve diagnostic skills, future research projects may examine the use of bigger and more varied datasets as well as different machine learning approaches. Using an organized strategy is a crucial first step in tackling the serious problem of CVD in people with diabetes.
Quantum‐inspired hybrid algorithm for image classification and segmentation: Q‐Means++ max‐cut method
Authors: Roy Suman Kumar , Rudra Bhawana
Published: January 2024

Finding brain tumors is a crucial step in medical diagnosis that can have a big impact on how patients turn out. Conventional detection techniques can be laborious and demand a lot of computing power. Brain tumor detection could be made more effective and precise, thanks to the quickly developing field of quantum computing. In this article, we propose a quantum machine learning (QML)‐based method for brain tumor extraction and detection based on quantum computing. To implement our strategy, we use a Hybrid Quantum‐Classical Convolutional Neural Network (HQC‐CNN) that has been trained using a collection of brain MRI images. Additionally, we employ Batchwise Q‐Means++ Clustering for segmenting the images and a Max‐cut approach with Adiabatic Quantum Computation (AQC) to extract the tumor region from the segmented MRI image. Our results highlight the strength of Quanvolutional Layer in Neural Network and reduced time complexity exponentially or quadratically in clustering and max‐cut algorithms respectively and see the potential of quantum computing for improving the accuracy and speed of medical diagnosis and have implications for the future of healthcare technology.
Protecting health monitoring privacy in fitness training: A federated learning framework based on personalized differential privacy
Authors: Shao Lifang
Published: January 2024

The rapid advancement of health monitoring technologies has led to increased adoption of fitness training applications that collect and analyze personal health data. This paper presents a personalized differential privacy‐based federated learning (PDP‐FL) algorithm with two stages. Classifying the user's privacy according to their preferences is the first stage in achieving personalized privacy protection with the addition of noise. The privacy preference and the related privacy level are sent to the central aggregation server simultaneously. In the second stage, noise is added that conforms to the global differential privacy threshold based on the privacy level that users uploaded; this allows the global privacy protection level to be quantified while still adhering to the local and central protection strategies simultaneously adopted to realize the complete protection of global data. The results demonstrate the excellent classification accuracy of the proposed PDP‐FL algorithm. The proposed PDP‐FL algorithm addresses the critical issue of health monitoring privacy in fitness training applications. It ensures that sensitive data is handled responsibly and provides users the necessary tools to control their privacy settings. By achieving high classification accuracy while preserving privacy, the framework balances data utility and protection, thus positively impacting health monitoring ecosystem and medical systems.
MARVEL analysis of high‐resolution rovibrational spectra of  13C 16O 2
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammad Taha I. , Alatoom Dunia , Furtenbacher Tibor , Császár Attila G. , Yurchenko Sergei N. , Azzam Ala'a A. A. , Tennyson Jonathan
Published: January 2024

A set of empirical rovibrational energy levels, obtained through the MARVEL (measured active rotational‐vibrational energy levels) procedure, is presented for the CO isotopologue of carbon dioxide. This procedure begins with the collection and analysis of experimental rovibrational transitions from the literature, allowing for a comprehensive review of the literature on the high‐resolution spectroscopy of CO, which is also presented. A total of 60 sources out of more than 750 checked provided 14,101 uniquely measured and assigned rovibrational transitions in the wavenumber range of 579–13,735 cm. This is followed by a weighted least‐squares refinement yielding the energy levels of the states involved in the measured transitions. Altogether 6318 empirical rovibrational energies have been determined for CO. Finally, estimates have been given for the uncertainties of the empirical energies, based on the experimental uncertainties of the transitions. The detailed analysis of the lines and the spectroscopic network built from them, as well as the uncertainty estimates, all serve to pinpoint possible errors in the experimental data, such as typos, misassignment of quantum numbers, and misidentifications. Errors found in the literature data were corrected before including them in the final MARVEL dataset and analysis.
A novel approach for designing hands‐on training programs using Quick Reference code‐linked videos
Authors: Manton Jesse W. , Nix Ned L. , Mashkoor Fatima , Lam David K.
Published: January 2024

Providing training on the proper use of technology in the context of a large number of learners and limited faculty availability is a constant challenge to dental schools. We found the implementation of a QR‐code‐based autonomous program design to be efficient and effective at providing trainees hands‐on training with newly installed perioperative equipment.
Telesupervision in genetic counseling education during COVID‐19 and beyond
Authors: Kessler Lisa Jay , Mundt Michaela , Freiberg Yael , Taylor Lynne , Valverde Kathleen D.
Published: January 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic led healthcare organizations to pivot to telemedicine, precipitating the shift to telesupervision, defined as supervision over video‐conferencing platforms and telephone, for genetic counseling students. This study aimed to (1) characterize the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on genetic counseling supervision, (2) ascertain genetic counseling supervisor experiences with telesupervision, and (3) examine the association between years of genetic counseling experience and preferences related to supervision modality. Certified genetic counselors were recruited through the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC), Pennsylvania Association of Genetic Counselors (PAGC), and Association of Genetic Counseling Program Directors (AGCPD) listservs and by purposive sampling via emails to Genetic Counseling Program Directors in program‐rich regions. An investigator‐created survey was administered online to elicit descriptions of supervision during the pandemic, including modifications to rotations, changes to the number of students supervised, and mode of supervision preference. The survey was completed by 122 genetic counselors. The 54‐question survey included multiple‐choice, ranking, and open‐ended questions. The majority (95.9%) of the participants were female, with an average age of 32 years. Most (86%) of participants reported changes in their supervision practices due to COVID‐19, including sole use of telesupervision (54.4%), decreases in rotation lengths (25.4%), and delays in rotation start dates (24.6%). Interestingly, 19.3% (22/114) supervised more students than before the pandemic, and 18.4% (21/114) of participants supervised fewer students. Approximately two thirds (67.5%) of supervisors preferred supervising students in‐person, while 2.6% preferred telesupervision, and 29.8% had no preference. Those who preferred to supervise in‐person had fewer years of experience than those who had no preference (median = 4 years vs. median = 7 years respectively, Wilcoxonp‐value = 0.0418, effect size rpb = 0.19, small). Given the persistence of telemedicine beyond the pandemic, telesupervision may be necessary to train genetic counseling students. However, additional research is needed to determine the effectiveness of telesupervision in facilitating student skill development and attainment of the Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling (ACGC) Practice‐Based Competencies (PBCs).
Repurposing empagliflozin in individuals with glycogen storage disease Ib: A value‐based healthcare approach and systematic benefit‐risk assessment
Authors: Derks Terry G. J. , Venema Annieke , Köller Clara , Bos Eline , Overduin Ruben J. , Stolwijk Nina N. , Hofbauer Peter , Bolhuis Mathieu S. , van Eenennaam Fred , Groen Henk , Hollak Carla E. M. , Wortmann Saskia B.
Published: January 2024

Off‐label repurposing of empagliflozin allows pathomechanism‐based treatment of neutropenia/neutrophil‐dysfunction in glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSDIb). From a value‐based healthcare (VBHC) perspective, we here retrospectively studied patient‐reported, clinical and pharmacoeconomic outcomes in 11 GSDIb individuals before and under empagliflozin at two centers (the Netherlands [NL], Austria [AT]), including a budget impact analysis, sensitivity‐analysis, and systematic benefit–risk assessment. Under empagliflozin, all GSDIb individuals reported improved quality‐of‐life‐scores. Neutrophil dysfunction related symptoms allowed either granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor cessation or tapering. Calculated cost savings per patient per year ranged between € 6482–14 190 (NL) and € 1281–41 231 (AT). The budget impact analysis estimated annual total cost savings ranging between € 75 062–225 716 (NL) and € 37 697–231 790 (AT), based on conservative assumptions. The systematic benefit‐risk assessment was favorable. From a VBHC perspective, empagliflozin treatment in GSDIb improved personal and clinical outcomes while saving costs, thereby creating value at multiple pillars. We emphasize the importance to reimburse empagliflozin for GSDIb individuals, further supported by the favorable systematic benefit‐risk assessment. These observations in similar directions in two countries/health care systems strongly suggest that our findings can be extrapolated to other geographical areas and health care systems.
Avoidance and escape conditioning adjust adult neurogenesis to conserve a fit hippocampus in adult male rodents
Authors: Mohammadi Masoud , Tavassoli Zohreh , Anvari Sohrab , Javan Mohammad , Fathollahi Yaghoub
Published: January 2024

In this study, the connection between cognitive behaviors and the adult rodent hippocampus was investigated. Recording field potentials at performant pathway (PP)–hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) synapses in transverse slices from the dorsal (d), intermediate (i), and ventral (v) hippocampus showed differences in paired‐pulse responses and long‐term potentiation in rats. The Barnes maze (BM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests indicated a decrease in escape latency and step‐through latency in both rats and mice over training days. A decrease in the use of random or sequential strategy while an increase in the use of direct strategy to search for an escape box occurred in both groups. Evaluation of the levels of neurogenesis markers (Ki67 and BrdU/NeuN) by immunofluorescence assay in the dDG, iDG, and vDG revealed a long‐axis disparity in the hippocampal dentate baseline cell proliferation and exposure to the BM and PA task changed the profile of baseline cell proliferation along the DG in both rats and mice. Also, these learning experiences changed the profile of BrdU+/NeuN+ cells along the DG of rats. Quantitation of hippocampal BDNF protein levels using ELISA exhibited no changes in BDNF levels due to learning experiences in rats. We demonstrate that PP–DG synaptic efficacy and neurogenesis are organized along a gradient. Avoidance and escape conditioning themselves are sufficient to change and calibrate adult neurogenesis along the hippocampal long axis in rodents. Further research will be required to determine the precise mechanisms underlying the role of experience‐derived neuroplasticity in cognitive function and decline.
Efficacy of infliximab after loss of response of/intolerance to adalimumab in pediatric Crohn's disease: A retrospective multicenter cohort study of the “GETAID pédiatrique”
Authors: Lecoutour Anne , Dupont Claire , Caldari Dominique , Dumant Clémentine , Vanrenterghem Audrey , Ruiz Mathias , Duclaux‐Loras Rémi , Berthet Stéphanie , Dimitrov Georges , Lacroix Delphine , Duvant Pauline , Roman Céline , Wagner Anne Claire , Bourmaud Aurélie , Viala Jérôme , Ruemmele Frank M. , Pigneur Bénédicte ,   the GETAID pédiatrique group
Published: January 2024

Background

Infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) are recommended for induction and maintenance of remission in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). ADA is now often used in first line due to its efficacy and tolerability, but a loss of response (LOR) can occur over time. The aim was to assess the efficacy of IFX as second line therapy after LOR or intolerance to ADA in pediatric CD patients at 1 year.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective and multicenter study in France among the “GETAID pédiatrique” centers between April 2019 and April 2022. CD patients under 18 years old and treated with IFX after ADA failure or intolerance were included. We collected anthropometric, clinical, and biological data at baseline (start of IFX), at 6 and 12 months. Clinical remission was defined by a Weighted Pediatric CD Activity Index (wPCDAI) score less than 12.5 points.

Results

Of the 32 patients included in our study, 27 (84.4%) were still on IFX at 12 months of the switch. Among them, 13 had discontinued ADA because of a LOR, 12 for insufficient response and 2 due to primary nonresponse. At M12, 22 patients were in corticosteroid free clinical remission (68.7%). Under IFX, the wPCDAI decreased over time (47.5 ± 24.1, 16.6 ± 21.2 and 9.7 ± 19.0 at M0, M6 and M12 respectively). The only factor associated with clinical remission at 12 months was absence of perianal disease at the end of the IFX induction.

Conclusions

IFX is effective in maintaining remission at 1 year in pediatric CD patients experiencing a LOR or intolerance with ADA, and IFX could be an interesting therapeutic choice instead of other biologics in this situation.
Enhancing recall in automated record screening: A resampling algorithm
Authors: Hou Zhipeng , Tipton Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

Literature screening is the process of identifying all relevant records from a pool of candidate paper records in systematic review, meta‐analysis, and other research synthesis tasks. This process is time consuming, expensive, and prone to human error. Screening prioritization methods attempt to help reviewers identify most relevant records while only screening a proportion of candidate records with high priority. In previous studies, screening prioritization is often referred to as automatic literature screening or automatic literature identification. Numerous screening prioritization methods have been proposed in recent years. However, there is a lack of screening prioritization methods with reliable performance. Our objective is to develop a screening prioritization algorithm with reliable performance for practical use, for example, an algorithm that guarantees an 80% chance of identifying at least of the relevant records. Based on a target‐based method proposed in Cormack and Grossman, we propose a screening prioritization algorithm using sampling with replacement. The algorithm is a wrapper algorithm that can work with any current screening prioritization algorithm to guarantee the performance. We prove, with mathematics and probability theory, that the algorithm guarantees the performance. We also run numeric experiments to test the performance of our algorithm when applied in practice. The numeric experiment results show this algorithm achieve reliable performance under different circumstances. The proposed screening prioritization algorithm can be reliably used in real world research synthesis tasks.
Heterologous expression and characterization of a novel thermostable and alkali stable recombinant lipase enzyme from Bacillus thuringensis into E. coliBL21(DE3) for detergent formulation
Authors: Zafar Asma , Rahman Ziaur , Hamid Attia , Sughra Fatima , Makhdoom Madood , Fatima Samreen , Ahmed Haseeb , Mehmood Zeenat , Khan Maryam , Aftab Muhammad Nauman
Published: January 2024

Present study concerned with expression and biochemical characterization of lipase enzyme for potential use in detergent formulation. Lipase gene (1242 bp) of Bacillus thuringensis was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 strain using pET‐21a(+) expression vector. Maximum expression of cloned lipase gene was obtained at 37°C with an induction of 0.4 mM IPTG (Isopropyl ß‐D‐1‐thiogalactopyranoside) after 4 h of induction. Recombinant lipase was purified to homogeneity using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography carrying 109.80 U/mg specific activity with 38.79 purification folds. Molecular mass of purified lipase was determined as 45 kDa using sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Purified recombinant lipase showed stability up to 90°C and retained significant activity (52%) after 4 h at 90°C. It was also found to be stable at a wide range of pH and in the presence of higher concentrations of several inhibitors (sodium dodecyl sulfate, dimethylsulfoxide, sodium azide, β‐mercaptoethanol, polysorbate 80, dithiothreitol) as well as organic solvents (acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n‐butanol). The activity of recombinant lipase was enhanced in the presence of various metal ions and activated up to 200% by Ca2+. The compatibility of recombinant lipase with commercial detergents and other additives as well as its broad substrate specificity endorse the potential application of this enzyme in detergent formulations.
Ultrasound Features of Nail Lichen Planus
Authors: Turner Valery L. , Wortsman Ximena
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To describe the ultrasonographic features of nail lichen planus (NLP), which, so far, have not been reported in the literature.

Methods

A retrospective single‐center study of NLP patients' color Doppler ultrasound examinations was performed between March 2014 and January 2023.

Inclusion criteria were patients ≥15 years with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of NLP in sequential order. Exclusion criteria included concomitant systemic or local cutaneous or nail diseases and systemic or local nail treatments before the ultrasound examination. The ultrasound protocol included the examination of all fingernails or toenails following the reported protocol for dermatologic ultrasound examinations at high and ultra‐high frequencies.

Patient demographics and ultrasound features of the nail bed, periungual region, nail plate, and regional vascularity were registered and analyzed statistically.

Results

A total of 36 patients met the criteria. All cases presented thickened and decreased echogenicity of the nail bed. A hypoechoic halo surrounding the origin of the nail plate was present in 78% of cases. Exactly 58% of patients presented decreased echogenicity of the proximal periungual dermis, and 86% showed thickening of the periungual dermis.

Hypervascularity of the nail bed was seen in 94% of cases. The mean maximum thickness of vessels, the peak systolic velocity of the arterial vessels, and other blood flow findings are provided.

Conclusion

Ultrasonography can support the diagnosis of NLP, which benefits the non‐invasive discrimination of nail conditions and can avoid the potential permanent scars derived from nail biopsies. Furthermore, ultrasound may be a powerful tool to monitor this disease's treatment.
Physiological and interspecific factors determine diel changes in phytoplankton bio‐optical properties
Authors: Baetge Nicholas , Halsey Kimberly H. , Graff Jason R. , Ver Wey Brian , Westberry Toby K. , Appel Amanda E. , Bourdin Guillaume , Demeaux Charlotte Begouen , Boss Emmanuel , Behrenfeld Michael J.
Published: January 2024

Bio‐optical properties of marine phytoplankton retrieved through satellite remote sensing are used to estimate ocean productivity and carbon cycling. Daily activity of phytoplankton is attuned to the predictable light fluctuations of the diel cycle. Field and laboratory studies have documented diel changes in phytoplankton growth, division, and respiration, carbon and pigment content, cell size, photosynthetic efficiency and rate, and DNA replication and transcription. Many of these physiological changes can alter cellular optical properties and contribute to diel variations in bulk absorption and scattering properties. Consequently, understanding phytoplankton contributions to diel optical cycles is essential for improving algorithms that convert remote sensing data to biological rates and stocks. Here, we describe time‐resolved cellular, photophysiological, and bio‐optical properties for three cultured phytoplankton ranging in cell size from ~ 1 to 6 μm: Ostreococcus lucimarinus, Synechococcus (WH8102), and Thalassiosira pseudonana, all of which can significantly contribute to phytoplankton abundance and/or biomass in the open and coastal ocean. This work is the first to characterize complete diel cycles in absorption and attenuation for O. lucimarinus and backscattering for all these species. Results show that the percent increase from the minimum to maximum values over the diel cycle ranged between ~ 24–121%, ~ 31–235%, and ~ 25–198% for particulate absorption, attenuation, and backscattering, respectively. Diel changes in bio‐optical properties also differed in both timing and magnitude across phytoplankton species, demonstrating the importance of contextualizing remote sensing observations with phytoplankton community composition.
High‐Speed Multi‐Modal Extended Depth‐of‐Field Microscopy with an Electrically Tunable Lens
Authors: Zhang Runnan , Zhou Ning , Tang Hanci , Xia Minhao , Cai Zewei , Sun Jiasong , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao
Published: January 2024

High spatial resolution imaging over the entire volume for intravital imaging of biological specimens has long been vital. However, the depth‐of‐field (DOF) and spatial resolution are intrinsically interdependent. Here, a new extended DOF (EDOF) microscopy technique based on partially coherent annular illumination is proposed, termed AI‐EDOF, by combining an electrically tunable lens with a conventional microscope with modified illumination, for motion‐free, high spatial resolution real‐time all‐in‐focus imaging over thick volumes. EDOF imaging is obtained with spatial resolution up to near the incoherent diffraction limit (388 nm, 20/ 0.8NA) and temporal resolution 30 fps. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the coupled phase and absorption components of the complex refractive index in optical diffraction tomography microscopy can be solved by focus scanning. The Richardson‐Lucy deconvolution with total variation regularization is adopted for deblurring and suppressing noise under low light efficiency high‐speed exposure. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method, experiments are conducted using fixed transgenic zebrafish larvae, Drosophila larvae and dynamic Caenorhabditis elegans under both transmissive and fluorescent imaging modalities, revealing the proposed approach is prospective to be adopted by broad applications such as pharmacokinetics and tumor immunology.
Engineering of Molecular Bridge on Buried Interface via Ferrocene Carboxylic Acid for High Performance Perovskite Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Xu Zehua , Feng Ting , Gao Yanbo , Zhang Fujun , Wu Yanjie , Xu Lin , Zhou Donglei , Liu Dali , Dong Biao , Bai Xue , Shi Zhifeng , Hu Junhua , Li Ting , Yan Fengping , Song Hongwei , Zhang Yu
Published: January 2024

Quasi‐two‐dimensional (Quasi2D) perovskite materials gained widespread attention due to whose unique and highly desirable luminescence properties. However, the behavior of perovskite lightemitting diodes (PeLEDs) is prejudiced by inefficient cascading energy transfer of perovskite film and unbalanced charges injection. Here, ferrocene carboxylic acid (FcAd) is employed between hole transport layer (HTL) and perovskite layer as a molecular bridge to solve the current problems of PeLEDs. Ferrocene units can bond with [PbBr6]4−, forming one‐dimensional (1D) intermediate phases of FcPbBr3 at the interface, which can manipulate the growth kinetics of perovskite and reconstruct the phase distribution. Therefore, due to the suppression of low dimensional phase content, not only is the cascaded energy transfer of PEA2(CsPbBr3)2PbBr4 films effectively achieved, but also the quasi‐2D perovskite's work function is reduced. Additionally, Pb2+ coordinated with the carboxyl group of FcAd, inducing an electric dipole effect that leads to an further upward shift of the perovskite energy level. Eventually, the synergy achieves a significant tailoring between the perovskite and HTL energy exhibits the most excellent external quantum efficiency (EQE) exceeds 27% and optimal brightness exceeds 240000 cd m−2. Therefore, the preparation method will provide an effective strategy to widen the color gamut of next‐generation displays.
Awakening the Dumb Site to Realize Ultra‐Broadband NIR Phosphor
Authors: Jiang Lipeng , Zhang Liangliang , Zhao Xinpeng , Jiang Xue , Gao Panpan , Su Yanjing
Published: January 2024

Near‐infrared (NIR) light sources have gained immense popularity in recent years due to their wide range of applications in various fields, including spectroscopy and biomedical imaging. However, the limited emission bandwidth of NIR phosphors is a significant bottleneck in their development. Here, a novel strategy is reported to broaden the emission bandwidth of NIR phosphors by awakening the dumb site. Na4M3Ta(PO4)6: Cr3+ (M = Al3+, Ga3+, In3+) phosphor is synthesized, which exhibits a greatly broadened bandwidth from 134 to 232 nm. Structural and spectral analysis reveals that the NaO6 octahedral site has a severe t2g‐type distortion, making it a dumb site for Cr3+. By introducing larger In3+ at the M site, the angular distortion at the NaO6 site decreases to the normal range, enabling the luminescence of Cr3+ again. Along with the broadened bandwidth, the emission peak also redshifts from 802 to 977 nm, giving advantages in NIR spectroscopy applications. Interestingly, the awakened luminescence at the NaO6 site shows even better luminescence properties than the original M/TaO6 octahedral site. These findings reveal a novel insight into the luminescence of Cr3+ at the octahedral site, which could potentially revolutionize the design of NIR phosphors.
Research on the cavitation characteristics and structural optimisation of spiral grooved thrust bearing lubricated by liquid hydrogen
Authors: Yan Shaohang , Lai Tianwei , Qiang Mingchen , Zhao Qi , Ding Wenjing , Liu Yutao , Hou Yu
Published: January 2024

In liquid hydrogen (LH2) delivery, submersible centrifugal pump is an important device. Its reliability and efficiency rely on the stability of the bearings. In a high‐speed range, cavitation occurs due to the hydrodynamic effect induced pressure undulation. Compared with other cryogenic fluids, cavitation in LH2 is prone to happen due to its special properties. In this paper, a cavitation model considering thermal properties of LH2 is proposed based on Rayleigh–Plesset equation. Cavitation characteristics are studied in spiral grooved thrust bearing (SGTB) lubricated by LH2. The effect of cavitation on load capacity and friction torque are investigated. The most severely‐eroded location is predicted by the distribution of mass transfer rate. The influence of bearing structure parameters is studied in respect of cavitation, load capacity and friction torque. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and range analysis results may provide a reference for optimising LH2 lubricated SGTB.
WRF prediction of an atmospheric river‐related precipitation event: Sensitivity to cumulus parameterization schemes
Authors: Maddah Mohammad Amin , Mostamandi Suleiman
Published: January 2024

The present study aimed to evaluate performance sensitivity to the Cumulus Parameterization Scheme (CPS) used for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to predict the atmospheric river‐related precipitation (ARP) event with 206 and 57 mm, highest and area‐averaged precipitation (AAP) per 24‐h, respectively, that occurred over the central mountainous basins of Iran on 31 March 2019. For this purpose, experiments were designed using the 12 (almost all) CPSs available in WRF v4. To verify the predicted precipitation (from the inner 4‐km domain), both point‐scale and grid‐scale comparisons were performed against gauge‐ and satellite‐based observational data at three accumulation time‐scales (12‐, 18‐, and 24‐h) and in three distinct sub‐regions. All scores obtained from the different statistical metrics used, are in complete agreement with a strongly dependent performance of WRF on the CPS used. In addition, the use of Kain‐Fritsch, KF‐CuP, and Grell‐3 CPSs could provide a realistic picture of impending heavy precipitation for WRF. Contrary, the New SAS, Tiedtke, and Zhang‐McFarlane CPSs did not perform satisfactorily in predicting the ARP event. As a result, CPSs with the “momentum transport” option in their modification mechanism are unlikely to adequately simulate the conversion of incoming low‐level moisture from atmospheric river to precipitation. However, precipitation predictions are more accurate at the 24‐h accumulation time‐scale than at the 12‐ and 18‐h. Also, a dry bias in the predictions is expected as the terrain elevation and accumulation time‐scale decrease and the distance from the core of the precipitation field increases.
Mesh free analysis with Galerkin finite block method for linear PDEs
Authors: Lei M. , Shi C. Z. , Wen P. H. , Sladek J. , Sladek V.
Published: January 2024

Based on the Garlerkin method, the Galerkin finite block method (GFBM) is proposed to deal with two‐dimensional (2D) linear partial differential equations (PDEs) with variable coefficients in this paper. The mapping technique is utilized to transform a block in physical domain into normalized square. Physical variables are approximated with double layer Chebyshev polynomials for 2D problem. A set of linear algebraic equation is formulated with the Chebyshev polynomials from PDE and boundary conditions in weak form. Continuous conditions at interfacial surfaces between two blocks are introduced in either weak form or strong form. It is demonstrated that the GFBM is suitable to deal with complicated problems with high accuracy including discontinuous boundary values problem and concentrated heat sources in the domain. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Imposing different boundary conditions for thermal computational homogenization problems with FFT‐ and tensor‐train‐based Green's operator methods
Authors: Risthaus Lennart , Schneider Matti
Published: January 2024

To compute the effective properties of random heterogeneous materials, a number of different boundary conditions are used to define the apparent properties on cells of finite size. Typically, depending on the specific boundary condition, different numerical methods are used. The article at hand provides a unified framework for Lippmann–Schwinger solvers in thermal conductivity and Dirichlet (prescribed temperature), Neumann (prescribed normal heat flux) as well as periodic boundary conditions. We focus on the explicit jump finite‐difference discretization and discuss different techniques for computing the discrete Green's operator. These include Fourier‐type methods, that is, based on discrete sine, cosine and Fourier transformations, as well as low‐rank tensor methods, that is, the tensor‐train approximation, whose computational prowess was demonstrated recently. We use the developed computational technology to investigate a number of interesting random materials and assess different microstructure‐generation techniques in terms of their compatibility with the prescribed boundary conditions.