bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence Of Acoustic Fluctuations On The Round Jet, Formed In Curved Channel
Authors: Litvinenko Maria , Litvinenko Yuriy , Vikhorev Valentin , Kozlov Grigory
Published: December 2021

The results of experimental investigations on the effect of the transverse acoustic fluctuations for subsonic round jet formed in curved channel (d = 20; 9; 1.5 mm) are presented. Using laser – smoke visualization the jet instant picture sections were received, which showed the presence of two modes jets instabilities – Kelvin – Helmholtz vortices and Dean vortices and their interaction. The influence of the acoustic excitation frequencies on the jets are shown, in particular on a wavelength of Kelvin – Helmholtz instability. The picture of the diffusion combustion of propane jet with a nozzle diameter of d = 1,5 mm without acoustic excitation and with acoustic excitation are compared. It has been observed that the diffusion flame combustion of propane is subject to transformation by the action of the acoustic field and developing instabilities in the jet.
Experimental Investigation Of Double Precessing Vortex Rope Forming In Draft Tube Models
Authors: Skripkin Sergey , Tsoy Mikhail , Shtork Sergey
Published: December 2021

This work is devoted to the experimental research of the flow structure in draft tube models of hydro turbines. Precessing vortex core was formed using fixed swirler in a flow such as observed in natural hydro turbines under off-design conditions. In laboratory conditions it has been able to find the effect of the transition between single- and double- vortex rope. Their frequency characteristics have been measured in the range of Reynolds numbers 5·104 –5·105 . Based on the analysis of data high-speed shooting the mechanism of complete transition between single and double vortex modes was investigated in detail. The investigation of this phenomenon is of particular interest for the design and operation of hydraulic turbine equipment due to off-design pressure pulsations with sudden changes in frequency and amplitude in a flow occurring.
Distribution Of Liquid Nitrogen At The Film Flow In The Single Elements Of The Structured Packing
Authors: Pavlenko Aleksandr , Surtaev Anton , Volodin Oleg , Serdyukov Vladimir
Published: December 2021

Experimental results on the parameters of the film flow of cryogenic liquid over the surface of single elements of the structured packing consisting of two corrugated plates are presented. The effect of microtexture and its direction relative to the direction of gravity on liquid distribution along the packing at different irrigation degrees is shown based on the comparison with experimental data. Experimental results on the degree of liquid flowing through the contact points in the packing with plates are presented relative to the irrigation degree. It is shown that microtexture and its direction have a significant influence on redistribution of the local liquid flow, flowing on the structured surface of complex geometry, along the packing.
Joint Influence Of Surface Roughness And Permeability On Stability And Transition Of Mach = 2 Boundary Layer
Authors: Lysenko Vladimir , Smorodsky Boris , Yermolaev Yuri , Kosinov Aleksandr , Semionov Nikolay
Published: December 2021

Joint theoretical and experimental investigation of the influence of surface permeability and roughness on stability and laminar-turbulent transition of the supersonic flat-plate boundary layer at free-stream Mach number M = 2 have been performed. Good quantitative agreement of experimental data obtained with artificially generated disturbances performed on models with various porous inserts and calculations based on the linear stability theory has been achieved. At research of the joint effect of the model surface permeability and roughness on the boundary layer stability and transition, it is shown that, as a certain (critical) roughness value is reached, with the rough and porous coating thickness increase, the boundary layer stability diminishes and the laminar-turbulent transition is displaced toward the model leading edge.
Investigations Of Pressure Pulsations In A Model Of Draft Tube Of Hydraulic Turbine Caused By Vortex Rings
Authors: Skripkin Sergey , Tsoy Mikhail , Shtork Sergey , Kuibin Pavel
Published: December 2021

Current work is devoted to experimental investigations of behavior of precessing vortex rope in a draft tube model of hydraulic turbine. We used combination of stationary and freely rotating swirlers as a hydro turbine model. Such construction provides velocity distribution on the draft tube inlet close to distribution in natural hydraulic turbines operated at non-optimal conditions. The phenomenon of precessing vortex rope reconnection with further formation of vortex ring was founded in this experimental research using high-speed visualization technique. Synchronization of highspeed visualization and pressure measurements allowed us to relate pressure shock on the draft tube wall with vortex ring moving along wall.
The Features Of The Film Flow Of Liquid Nitrogen Over The Corrugated Plates With Combined Microtexture
Authors: Pavlenko Aleksandr , Surtaev Anton , Volodin Oleg , Serdyukov Vladimir
Published: December 2021

Experimental results on hydrodynamics of cryogenic liquid film flow over the surface of the single elements of the structured packing are presented. Based on the comparison of experimental data, the effect of microtexture form, diameter of the holes on the zones of liquid film spreading over a corrugated surface is shown for different values of the film Reynolds number. It is shown that the presence of combined microtexture (with the periodic change in its direction at the height of the sheet) leads to a better spreading of the liquid nitrogen film on the surface of the corrugated perforated sheet. Analysis of experimental data shows that the presence of the periodic zones with vertical orientation of the microchannels on the sheets with the combined microtexture provides the greater flow of liquid through the holes compared to the sheet having the horizontal direction of microtexture. The use of smaller holes, while maintaining the same total area occupied by holes, at the small degree of irrigation also leads to increasing size of the wetting zones on the sheet with combined microtexture.
Heydar Aliyev's contribution to the development of cultural relations with the countries of the Middle East in the 1970’s
Authors:   Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Mamedova Ilaha
Published: December 2021

This article reviews the contribution of Heydar Aliyev to the cultural development of the Azerbaijan SSR in such a difficult historical period when Azerbaijan was virtually deprived of the right to build independent relations with foreign countries. It is no secret that Heydar Aliyev had friendly relations personally with many leaders of Middle Eastern countries. This played a big role in building cultural relations with the countries of this region. The article also covers all areas of development of cultural relations with these countries.
Grievance Redressal System
Authors:   Student, B.Tech (CSE, 4th year), IILM Academy of Higher Learning, College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India, Shahnawaz Mohammad , Singh Prashant ,   Student, B.Tech (CSE, 4th year), IILM Academy of Higher Learning, College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India, Kumar Prabhat ,   Student, B.Tech (CSE, 4th year), IILM Academy of Higher Learning, College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India, Konidena Anuradha ,   Associate Professor, Dept of CSE, IILM Academy of Higher Learning, College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India
Published: December 2021

An effective and efficient response to the complaints is an essential index of organization’s performance. In colleges if anyone wants to complaint about something they have to write it down on a paper and submit which is not environment friendly. So, for solving this problem we developed Grievance redressal system. Here anyone associated with college being a student, faculty or working staff can easily file their complaint. To make this window more secure we mandated registration and login before one can file their complaint. These complaint are going to be solved by competent authority. The presented model for the Complaint Redressal System will have the ability to minimize people’s dissatisfaction and on the other hand it can encourage people to participate in improving the quality of the service provided.
Critical Success Factors for Effective Internal Auditing: A Case of the Office of Auditor General
Authors:   University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia, Malakia Loide Namadhila , Angula Nikodemus ,   University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
Published: December 2021

The main aim of this study was to investigate on the critical success factors for effective internal auditing. Internal auditing is the backbone of internal control in an organization. Although challenges exist on internal audit in the public of sector, there are success factors for effective internal auditing. The investigation mainly focused on the case at the Office Auditor General that audits all the public sector offices in Namibia. The Management team and the internal auditors at the office were the source for the required data to the researcher questionnaires through google form. The study used empirical literature to identify the critical success factors to effective internal auditing function at the office of Auditor General. The factors were identified and categorized into models that were developed from the study. The outcomes were presented in frequency tables and charts obtained from the data analysis. The results of the study show that management support and good management practice, adequate well-trained and competent internal audit staff, functional board of directors, internal policies and control are the critical successful factors to effective internal auditing. However, management support and good management practice play a vital role among the identified factors. The study recommended that the office of the Auditor General should support internal auditing roles by facilitating the internal auditing work and recruit more skilled and qualified internal auditors to increase the effectiveness of internal auditing.
An Investigation into the Effect of Board Members’ Remuneration on the Performance of Public Enterprises in Namibia
Authors:   University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia, Namibia Business School, Angula Nikodemus
Published: December 2021

The study focused on the effects of the board members’ remuneration on the performance of public enterprises in Namibia. The main objective of this study was to investigate the inter relationship between board members’ remuneration and the performance of the public enterprises in Namibia. The study used quantitative methods as a research strategy. The research study used secondary data from the Ministry of public enterprises database and primary data was gathered through structured questionnaires that were distributed to different public enterprises’ Chief executive officers in Namibia. The study focused on board members’ remuneration as representatives of the board members for each of the 97 state-owned enterprises in Namibia. The researcher used Excel to do the regression analysis. The researcher tested for correlation between a firm’s performance and annual salary and sitting allowance and miscellaneous allowance. Public enterprises are divided into four tiers. The researcher made use of the average revenue for each tier to represent the firm’s performance. A total of 75% of the respondents do not agree that there is a relationship between the board members’ remuneration and the firms’ performance, and 17% agree that there is a relationship between the board members’ remuneration and the firms’ performance. The study recommended that the MPE/Pes should implement motivational strategies to improve board members’ performance hence improving the firm’s performance.
Effect of Technology on Staff Retention: Case Study of Pick N Pay Namibia
Authors:   University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia, Kuume Elingua , Angula Nikodemus ,   University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
Published: December 2021

Business leaders often realize greater profitability when they have strategies to retain IT employees. However, the cost to replace IT employees creates significant challenges for business leaders. Given the growing impact of technology on operational costs, retention of IT employees is imperative. This exploratory single case study sought to identify the strategies that leaders use to increase IT employee retention. The population was employees from Pick N Pay in Windhoek Namibia, responsible for the retention of IT employees. Herzberg's two-factor theory was the conceptual framework for this study. The data was collected from questionnaire that was send through email by google forms. Data analysis and methodological triangulation which analyzed the answers from questionnaire It also includes organizations becoming profitable through better employee retention strategies, and it adds to the body of knowledge that leaders could use to provide stable employment opportunities to individuals. The retention rates among IT employees affect individuals, families, communities, organizations, and the economy. Implementing retention strategies may result in improving employee-employer relationships and organizational profitability.
Implementation of Decentralized Techniques in E-Commerce Website
Authors:   IILM, Academy of Higher Learning, College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, Singh Swati , Bansal Suhel ,   IILM, Academy of Higher Learning, College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, Ali Shahbaaz ,   IILM, Academy of Hig, Alam Noor ,   IILM, Academy of Higher Learning, College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: December 2021

After the Coronavirus Pandemic struck in 2020, administrative agencies around the globe had imposed strict lockdowns in every sector. The biggest of them was imposed in India. The only things allowed was the essential services like medical and grocery. But due to the sudden panic of the unknown disease there was a huge rush to buy and stock items. Long queues and crowd were developed which may lead to rapid transmission of the virus. We as a team tried to find a solution, by putting their shops on online so that they can take orders remotely and distribute it without the risk of long queue and infection. Gromore Shoppe is developed in order make these small local shops online. Retail owners can now catalogue their products on web and take orders from the locality, can process them quickly and distribute them with minimal risk of contact. This solution will first time introduce them with web and its benefits and make them sufficient enough so that they even can expand easily and effectively.
Mobility of ICT Services in Namibian Institutions: A Literature Review
Authors:   Faculty of Economic and Management Science, Department of Management Science, Angula Nikodemus
Published: December 2021

In today's world information and communication technology (ICT) play a crucial role and at the same time, it affects our lives every day. In the current digital age, many organisations across the globe make use of ICT as a tool to facilities teaching and learning (Bosamia, 2018). These technologies have been used to enable end-user to access content materials offered online such as portable devices such smartphone, laptops and so on which operate for information, speed, and communication anywhere and anytime without physically visiting the location where the service is offered. With the use of ICT, e-commerce comes into play which enables end-user to send an email, market shopping to on-line shopping, classroom learning to e-learning where class are conducted over the internet. In the Namibian education systems environment high institutions of learning use traditional methods of teaching which is concerned with the teacher/ lecturer being the controller of the learning environment. Hence, power and responsibility are held by the teacher/lecturer and they play the role of instructor (in the form of lecturers) and decision maker (in regards to curriculum content and specific outcomes through different types of teaching methods such as Teacher-centred methods, learner-centered methods, content-focused methods and interactive/ participative methods which is done using face-to-face mode of teaching and learning without embedding fully ICT infrastructures that support teaching and learning to take place.
Analysis of the Influence of the Application of Effective Microorganisms on the Dynamics of Spring Wheat Emergence
Authors: Piotrowska Anna
Published: December 2021

Deterioration of the natural environment as a result of violation of its natural structures and self-regulatory mechanisms causes an urgent need to replace chemicals with effective and multidirectional biopreparations. Reduction of the amount of chemicals used in agriculture becomes possible through the use of Effective Microorganisms. This will reduce the burden on the environment. Agriculture that uses EM technology can count on help with germination rates; emergence uniformity; and crop yields, for example. EM formulations contain a mixture of different coexisting microorganisms. The following paper presents the results of own research on the use of Effective Microorganisms in seed dressing of spring wheat. It was shown that the microbial preparation EM Naturally Active affects the increase of wheat seed germination dynamics.
Diversity of Fish and Zoobenthic Communities in Lowland River Related to the Factors of Hydromorphological, River Continuum and Pollution Disturbances
Authors: Golski Janusz
Published: December 2021

The response of zoobenthos and ichthyofauna to different levels of habitat degradation was estimated on a small lowland river. The level of fragmentation, the hydromorphological modifications of the watercourse bed, and the water quality of different river stretches were assessed as proxies of the degree of anthropogenic transformation of habitats. The degree of fauna similarity between the study sites, as well as the relationships between habitat quality and biotic indexes were estimated. A strong response of both assemblages to changes in environmental conditions was demonstrated, however, reaction to individual pressures differs. This confirms that these organisms are excellent, universal bioindicators and both groups should be used together. The key role of a well developed riparian zone in shaping the diversity of freshwater biota has also been demonstrated.
Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce endometriosis cellular proliferation through their anti-inflammatory effects
Authors: Meligy Fatma Y. , Elgamal Dalia A. , Abdelzaher Lobna A. , Khashbah Maha Y. , El-Mokhtar Mohamed A. , Sayed Ayat A. , Refaiy Abeer M. , Othman Essam R.
Published: December 2021

Objective: Endometriosis is a chronic debilitating inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissues outside the uterine cavity. Pelvic soreness and infertility are the usual association. Due to the poor effectiveness of the hormone therapy and the high incidence of recurrence following surgical excision, there is no single effective option for management of endometriosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells studied for their broad immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties; however, their efficiency in endometriosis cases is still a controversial issue. Our study aim was to evaluate whether adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) could help with endometriosis through their studied anti-inflammatory role. Methods: Female Wistar rats weighting 180 to 250 g were randomly divided into two groups: group 1, endometriosis group; established by transplanting autologous uterine tissue into rats’ peritoneal cavities and group 2, stem cell treated group; treated with AD-MSCs on the 5th day after induction of endometriosis. The proliferative activity of the endometriosis lesions was evaluated through Ki67 staining. Quantitative estimation of interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and transforming growth factor β expression, as well as immunohistochemical detection of CD68 positive macrophages, were used to assess the inflammatory status. Results: The size and proliferative activity of endometriosis lesions were significantly reduced in the stem cell treated group. Stem cells efficiently mitigated endometriosis associated chronic inflammatory reactions estimated through reduction of CD68 positive macrophages and the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Stem cell therapy can be considered a novel remedy in endometriosis possibly through its anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties.
Progress in human ovarian rejuvenation: Current platelet-rich plasma and condensed cytokine research activity by scope and international origin
Authors: Sills E. Scott , Wood Samuel H.
Published: December 2021

Objective: As clinicians and patients await consensus on intraovarian platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment, this project evaluated contemporary research trends in the literature. Methods: A PubMed/NLM search aggregated all ovarian PRP-related publications (n=54) to evaluate their scope, abstract utility, submission-to-publication interval, journal selected, article processing charge (APC), free reader access to full-text manuscripts, number and nationality of authors, and inclusion of international collaborators. The NIH Clinical Trials database was also audited. Results: Published output on intraovarian PRP has increased consistently since 2016, especially among investigators in Greece, Iran, USA, and Turkey. Between 2013 and 2021, 42 articles met the relevancy criteria, of which 40.5% reported clinical studies, small series, or case reports, 33% described experimental animal models, and 23.8% were opinion/review papers. Only two works included a placebo control group. The submission-to-publication interval (mean±standard deviation) was 130±96 days, there were 5.9±3.2 authors per project, and journals invoiced US $1,642±1,466 (range, $0–$3,860) for APCs. Conclusion: There was no correlation between APC and time to publish (Pearson’s r=–0.01). Abstract content was inconsistent; sample size and patient age were often missing, yet free full-text “open access” was available for most publications (59.5%). The NIH Clinical Trials portal lists eight registered studies on “ovarian rejuvenation,” of which two are actively recruiting patients, while four have been terminated or have an uncertain status. Two studies have concluded, with results from one posted to the NIH website. PRP and its derivatives for ovarian treatment show early promise, but require further investigation. Research is accelerating and should be encouraged, particularly placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials.
Depression and Functional Mobility Decline in Long Term Care Home Residents with Dementia: a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chu Charlene H. , Quan Amanda My Linh , McGilton Katherine S.
Published: December 2021

Objective 
Assess the association between depression among new long-term care residents (<3 months stay) with dementia and functional mobility decline. 
Methods 
A multi-site prospective cohort study was carried out among 26 participants diagnosed with dementia. Functional mobility was measured by Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) and 2-Minute walk test (2MWT) at baseline, and 60-day post-baseline while participants received usual care. Linear mixed models were applied to examine the association between depression and functional mobility decline. 
Results 
Residents experienced a statistically significant decline in functional mobility in as soon as 60 days. Each additional year of age was associated with a 2% increase in TUG. The interaction between depression and time spent in LTC was statistically significant. Age and time living in LTC were significantly associated with functional mobility decline in new residents with dementia. 
Discussion 
Further work determining why residents with dementia experience decline in functional mobility at an accelerated rate is needed.
Effect of Memantine on Prolonging Safe Driving in Early AD: a Pilot Study
Authors: Holland Peter J. , Tappen Ruth M. , Newman David O. , Freeman-Costin Katherine C. , Fisher Lori  J.
Published: December 2021

Background 
To determine the feasibility of conducting an RCT on the potential effectiveness of memantine hydrochloride in prolonging safe driving in mild AD. 
Methods 
A placebo-controlled, double blind randomized trial was conducted. Forty-three individuals ≥60 with mild AD met screening criteria and were randomized. Driving ability was measured by a standardized on-road driving test. Outcomes were driving capacity at 6 and 12 months and completion of the 12-month intervention. 
Results 
Of 43 participants randomized, 59% of the memantine group and 52% of the placebo group completed the on-road test at 12 months (p = .66). All 13 memantine group participants maintained their driving status at 12 months, whereas only 8 of the 11 placebo group participants did (p = .040, OR = 4.45). 
Conclusions 
Results provide the framework for designing a rigorous multisite clinical trial of memantine effect on maintaining driving capacity in mild AD.
Consensus Statement Regarding the Application of Biogen to Health Canada for Approval of Aducanumab
Authors: Chertkow Howard , Rockwood Kenneth , Hogan David B. , Phillips Natalie , Montero-Odasso Manuel , Amanullah Shabbir , Black Sandra , Bocti Christian , Borrie Michael , Feldman Howard , Freedman Morris , Hsiung Robin , Kirk Andrew , Masellis Mario , Nygaard Haakon , Rajji Tarek , Verret Louis
Published: December 2021

Alzheimer’s disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are no disease-modifying pharmacotherapies for this condition. Aducanumab, an amyloid beta-directed monoclonal antibody that targets aggregated forms of amyloid-beta in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease, has raised hopes that such a therapy has been discovered, but its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration has engendered a good deal of controversy. A similar application for approval has been submitted to Health Canada. In response to this, a group of Canadian clinical dementia experts representing a number of organizations, including the Canadian Geriatrics Society, was convened by the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) to discuss the evidence currently available on this agent and seek consensus on what advice they would offer Health Canada on the application. There was wide-spread agreement that it would be premature for aducanumab to receive approval for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. It was also noted that the Canadian health-care system is poorly prepared at this time to deal with a disease-modifying therapeutic with targeting, administration, and monitoring characteristics like aducanumab. In this paper, the consensus reached is presented along with its underlying rationale.
Von Angesicht zu Angesicht. Begegnungen und Berührungen in der Pandemie
Authors: Klein Gabriele , Liebsch Katharina
Published: December 2021

Der Aufsatz thematisiert aus körpersoziologischer Perspektive Situationen neuer Körperdistanz, wie sie seit März 2020 arrangiert und erfahren werden. Mit Bezugnahme auf das phänomenologische Konzept der Interkorporalität werden die leiblichen Wahrnehmungs-, Ausdrucks- und Affektformen im Lockdown der Covid-19-Pandemie untersucht. Hier zeigen sich neue Muster der Interaktion und der Berührung, die in interkorporalen Verflechtungen das soziale Empfinden verändern.
Cross‑Border Mediation: Towards a Balanced Framework for Cross‑Border Dispute Resolution in the European Union
Authors: Senftl Martin
Published: December 2021

This paper takes the entry into force of the Singapore Convention on Mediation on 12 September 2020 as an opportunity to reconsider whether the European Union has reached its once ambitious goal to create a balanced relationship between mediation and litigation in cross-border disputes. After a brief overview of the current legal framework for cross-border mediation in the EU in the first section, the meaning of the concept of a balanced relationship and its implications for the regulation of mediation in cross-border disputes are analysed. Starting with the observation that the use of cross-border mediation is still very limited, this second section argues that attempts to establish a balanced relationship in quantitative terms are misguided. Instead of attempting to correct alleged decision deficits by the parties to a dispute, the paper emphasises the regulatory responsibility of European legislators to create a level playing field for different cross-border dispute resolution mechanisms. In this respect, the third section identifies the surprising absence of private international law rules in the EU’s mediation framework as a structural disadvantage of mediation, as compared to litigation and arbitration. The last part of the paper examines in detail the interaction between mediation and the Brussels Ia Regulation to provide specific examples of legal obstacles to cross-border mediation and potential ways to overcome them.
Europäischer Rechtsstaat als Spielball der EU-Institutionen? Zum Umgang mit der Haushaltskonditionalität am Beispiel der Rechtsstaatlichkeitsverletzungen in Polen und Ungarn
Authors: Stäsche Uta
Published: December 2021

In Polen und Ungarn wird seit Jahren das EU-Rechtsstaatsprinzip anhaltend und erheblich verletzt. Betroffen sind das Justizsystem, Korruption, Medienpluralismus sowie Grund- und Menschenrechte für Nichtregierungsorganisationen und Minderheiten. Der folgende Beitrag betrachtet die Gründe, warum die Lage der Rechtsstaatlichkeit in beiden Ländern prekär bleibt. Dafür werden die Defizite der vorhandenen EU-Instrumente, insbesondere des Vertragsverletzungsverfahrens und des Art. 7-EUV-Verfahrens, analysiert. Davon ausgehend wird der eine Konditionalisierung von EU-Transferleistungen und EU-Grundwerten vornehmende Rechtsstaatmechanismus vorgestellt und sein konkreter europäischer Mehrwert herausgearbeitet, um Mitgliedstaaten effizient zur Einstellung von Verstößen gegen europäische Grundwerte zu bewegen. Der Beitrag beleuchtet zudem eingehend die unter mehreren Aspekten europarechtswidrige Anweisung des Europäischen Rates an die Europäische Kommission von Dezember 2020, den durch EU-Verordnung 2020/2092 am 1.1.2021 in Kraft getretenen Rechtsstaatsmechanismus bis zur Fertigung ihrer Anwendungsleitlinien unter Abwarten des antizipierten EuGH-Urteils nicht anzuwenden. Indem die Kommission dieser Anweisung Folge leistete, verhielt sie sich ihrerseits vertragswidrig. Ihre Aufgabe als „Hüterin der Verträge“ dürfte insoweit auf das Parlament übergegangen sein, das im Oktober 2021 Untätigkeitsklage gegen die Kommission wegen fortgesetzter Rechtsstaatlichkeitsverletzungen in Polen und Ungarn erhoben hat.
Die ›Bleibeperspektive‹ als soziale Determinante der Gesundheit Geflüchteter?
Authors: Ziegler Sandra , Bozorgmehr Kayvan
Published: December 2021

Neu angekommene Geflüchtete haben in Deutschland eingeschränkten Zugang zur Gesundheitsversorgung. Viele medizinische Leistungen müssen individuell bei der jeweils zuständigen Behörde beantragt werden. Im Rahmen der gesetzlichen Vorgaben werden darüber Ermessensentscheidungen getroffen. Wir werfen in diesem Beitrag die Frage auf, ob soziale Kategorisierungsprozesse Einfluss auf diese Entscheidungen und damit auf den Umfang der Gesundheitsversorgung nehmen. Insbesondere wollen wir Erwägungen zur ›Bleibeperspektive‹ im Kontext von Verteilungsentscheidungen im Gesundheitssektor kritisch diskutieren. Zudem stellen wir Vorüberlegungen dazu an, wie der Hypothese der ›Bleibeperspektive‹ als möglicherweise neuer sozialer Determinante der Gesundheit wissenschaftlich weiter nachgegangen werden kann.
Hegel’s Treatment of the Free Will Problem
Authors: Donoghue Robert ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: December 2021

G.W.F. Hegel offers a thorough, complex, and unique theory of free will in the Philosophy of Right. In what follows, I argue that Hegel’s conceptualization of free will makes the mistake of collapsing the possibility of organic freedom (the ability to act freely of causal determination) into the potential for moral freedom (the capacity to act in accordance with Reason). This article engages in three distinct tasks in making this argument. First, I provide a critical overview of Hegel’s conception of free will – namely, how he envisages the movement from the abstract, incomplete, and undeveloped will, to that of a concrete, complete, and developed one through the unfolding of Reason. Second, I introduce the contemporary debate regarding nomological determinism between libertarians and skeptics, of both the in compatibilist and compatibilist variety. I suggest that, in the context of the modern free will debate, Hegel is best categorized as a compatibilist as he both accepts causal determinism but remains committed to the notion that certain persons can act in concert with their own volition. Third, I argue that Hegel’s compatibilist understanding of free will has important and problematic consequences for legal theory, particularly normative jurisprudence. Compatibilism, generally, and Hegel’s particular version, substantiates the idea of basic moral desert which poses a serious threat to the possibility of moral progress from a retributive justice system to a consequentialist one.
Kripke on Identity Statements
Authors: Blum Alex ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: December 2021

We show that Kripke’s argument for the necessity of identity statements relating objects a and b by their rigid designators demands an additional significant premise.
LEI GERAL DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS (LGPD) E AS COOPERATIVAS: IMPRESSÕES INICIAIS
Authors: Freire José Raphael Batista , Dissenha Leila Andressa
Published: December 2021

A Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (Lei nº 13.709/2018) entrou integralmente em vigor no dia primeiro de agosto de 2021. Tal instrumento legal traz uma preocupação imediata aos empreendimentos quanto à sua aplicação e às implicações da realidade que impõe. As cooperativas, com toda sua importância econômica e social, assim como todas as demais organizações, devem se adequar aos parâmetros impostos pela nova lei. Este breve artigo, pautado nas referências bibliográficas existentes sobre o tema e no próprio texto legal, possui como objetivo uma análise dos desafios de implementação da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais nas Cooperativas, situando gestores, cooperados e colaboradores acerca da necessidade de criar estratégias para a implementação das exigências legais e, principalmente, alertar para as dificuldades que podem se apresentar neste processo e as consequências que podem advir da omissão diante do novo cenário criado para a proteção de dados. O método utilizado foi o dedutivo e dogmático. Por fim, o artigo está estruturado em introdução, desenvolvimento, conclusão e referências bibliográficas.
Assessment of Fluoride Release through Dentin Adhesive in the Alkasite Restorative Material and Giomer
Authors: Kim Haeni , Park Howon , Lee Juhyun , Seo Hyunwoo
Published: December 2021

This study evaluated the fluoride release of alkasite restorative material (ARM) and giomer penetrating the dentin adhesive layer. Twenty specimens were prepared for each restorative material, and dentin adhesive with uniform thickness was applied to half of them. The prepared specimens were placed in a polyethylene tube containing 2.0 mL of deionized water and deposited in a 37.0°C water bath for the study duration. The amount of fluoride release was measured on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days after deposition. The dentin adhesive applied to the ARM and giomer could not completely block the fluoride release; however, it significantly reduced its amount. The cumulative amount of fluoride release of the ARM after 28 days was higher than that of the giomer regardless of the application of dentin adhesive.
Prevalence and Current Status of Dental Treatment for Amelogenesis Imperfecta and Dentinogenesis Imperfecta using National Health Insurance Database
Authors: Kim Nawoon , Lee Daewoo , Kim Jaegon , Lim Hyungbin , Yang Yeonmi
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and incidence and evaluate the current status of dental treatment of Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) and Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) in South Korea. The data was based on National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)-National Sample Cohort Database (2002 - 2015) and Jeonbuk National University (JBNU) Dental Hospital (2011 - 2020). The NHIS data analysis showed prevalence of AI and DI were 11.6 and 2.4 per 100,000 people, respectively. The annual incidence of AI and DI for 2013 - 2015 were 2.2 and 0.5 per 100,000. There were no statistically significant differences regarding the number of visits, the reimbursable cost among AI, DI patients and others. In the patient analysis of the JBNU dental hospital, proportion of the reimbursable and non-reimbursable cost for AI patients were 12.1% and 87.9%, while DI patients accounted for 18.6% and 81.4%.
Detecting of Proximal Caries in Primary Molars using Pen-type QLF Device
Authors: Cho Hyejin , Kim Hyuntae , Song Ji-Soo , Shin Teo Jeon , Kim Jung-Wook , Jang Ki-Taeg , Kim Young-Jae
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this in vivo study was to assess the clinical screening performance of a quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) device in detecting proximal caries in primary molars. Fluorescence loss, red autofluorescence and a simplified QLF score for proximal caries (QS-proximal) were evaluated for their validity in detecting proximal caries in primary molars compared to bitewing radiography. Three hundred and forty-four primary molar surfaces were included in the study. Carious lesions were scored according to lesion severity assessed by visual-tactile and radiographic examinations. The QLF images were analyzed for two quantitative parameters, fluorescence loss and red autofluorescence, as well as for QS-proximal. For both quantitative parameters and QS-proximal, the sensitivity, specificity and area under receiver operating curve (AUROC) were calculated as a function of the radiographic scoring index at enamel and dentin caries levels. Both quantitative parameters showed fair AUROC values for detecting dentine level caries (△F = 0.794, △R = 0.750). QS-proximal showed higher AUROC values (0.757 - 0.769) than that of visual-tactile scores (0.653) in detecting dentine level caries. The QLF device showed fair screening performance in detecting proximal caries in primary molars compared to bitewing radiography.
Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary Primary Molar using CBCT and 3D CT
Authors: Kim Joon Hee , Kim Hyuntae , Shin Teo Jeon , Hyun Hong-Keun , Kim Young-Jae , Kim Jung-Wook , Jang Ki-Taeg , Song Ji-Soo
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze morphological characteristics of maxillary primary molar’s root and root canal. 268 children aged 3 - 7 years (175 boys, 93 girls) who had CBCT (152 children) and 3D CT (116 children) taken in Seoul National University Dental Hospital from January 2006 to April 2020 were included. The number of roots and root canals were analyzed in 1002 teeth without any root resorption or periapical pathologies. Curvature, angulation, length of root and root canal, as well as cross-sectional shapes of the root canal were analyzed in 218 teeth. By using Mimics and 3-Matics software, volume, surface area, and volume ratio of root canal was analyzed in 48 teeth. More than half of maxillary primary molars have 3 roots and 3 root canals. The degree of symmetry of root canal type was about 0.63 (Cohen’s kappa coefficient). The most frequent shape of roots and canals was linear in 1st primary molars and curved in 2nd primary molars. Angulation, length of root and root canals was the largest on palatal roots. Most teeth showed ovoid or round shapes at apex. The largest root canal volume, surface area, volume ratio was found in the palatal roots.
Clinical Factors Affecting the Results of Regenerative Endodontic Procedure
Authors: Kim In-Ki , Kim Hyuntae , Song Ji-Soo , Shin Teo Jeon , Hyun Hong-Keun , Kim Young-Jae , Kim Jung-Wook , Jang Ki-Taeg
Published: December 2021

This study retrospectively analyzed the effect of clinical factors on the outcomes of REP(regenerative endodontic procedure). Patients who received the REP using triple antibiotic paste due to trauma or fracture of dens evaginatus from February, 2011 to January, 2020 were included in the study. Finally, 57 teeth in 54 patients were selected. Investigated clinical factors were as follows: intentional bleeding, etiology, and root development stage. Treatment outcomes evaluated were as follows: improvement of subjective symptoms, changes in the periapical lesion, and the amounts of root development after REP. To compensate for differences in angulation and position between repeated radiographic examinations, images were aligned by Turboreg plugin. To evaluate the amounts of root development, apical diameter, root area, and root length were measured by ImageJ software. Among the aforementioned factors, intentional bleeding had no significant effect on treatment results. Regarding the etiology, the increase in the root area and the root length was significantly less in trauma cases than in dens evaginatus fracture cases. Considering root development stage, more immature teeth presented more increase in the root area.
Effects of Essential Oil Containing Mouth Rinse in Children with Black Staining : Two Case Reports
Authors: Cho Hyeonmin , Kim Ik-Hwan , Kang Chung-Min , Chung Hyunjin , Lee Jaeho
Published: December 2021

Black staining of the teeth in children and adolescents does not cause pain or serious illness, but it can be socially debilitating for esthetic reasons. Black staining is easily removed through periodic professional mechanical tooth cleaning and ultrasonic scaling, but it can easily recur within few months. Using essential oil-containing mouth rinses diluted at 50% twice per day could prevent the black staining from returning after it is removed, reducing the need for mechanical treatments and improving esthetics.
Prescripciones
Authors: Blesa Túa
Published: December 2021

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A Comparison of Multiple Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict Whole-Body Vibration Exposure of Dumper Operators in Iron Ore Mines in India
Authors: Upadhyay Rahul , Senapati Amrites , Bhattacherjee Ashis , Patra Aditya Kumar , Chatterjee Snehamoy
Published: December 2021

Background: This study deals with some factors that influence the exposure of whole-body vibration (WBV) of dumper operators in surface mines. The study also highlights the approach to improve the multivariate linear analysis outcomes when collinearity exists between certain factor pairs.
Material and Methods: A total number of 130 vibration readings was taken from two adjacent surface iron ore mines. The frequency-weighted RMS acceleration was used for the WBV exposure assessment of the dumper operators. The factors considered in this study are age, weight, seat backrest height, awkward posture, the machine age, load tonnage, dumper speed and haul road condition. Four machine learning models were explored through the empirical training-testing approach.
Results: The bootstrap linear regression model was found to be the best model based on performance and predictability when compared to multiple linear regression, LASSO regression, and decision tree. Results revealed that multiple factors influence WBV exposure. The significant factors are: weight of operators (regression coefficient β=-0.005, p<0.001), awkward posture (β=0.033, p<0.001), load tonnage (β=-0.026, p<0.05), dumper speed (β=0.008, p<0.001) and poor haul road condition (β=0.015, p<0.001).
Conclusion: The bootstrap linear regression model produced efficient results for the dataset which was characterized by collinearity. WBV exposure is multifactorial. Regular monitoring of WBV exposure and corrective actions through appropriate prevention programs including the ergonomic design of the seat would increase the health and safety of operators.
Vejledningens transformative potentiale i et overgangsperspektiv
Authors: Drejer Søren Nygaard , Bang-Larsen Anne
Published: December 2021

Denne artikel præsenterer baggrund, fund og resultater fra to casestudier af vejledning i skriveprocesser i et overgangsperspektiv. Overgange mellem uddannelsesniveauer kan være kritiske for elever og studerende, og i vejledningsforskningen har overgangen mellem gymnasium og universitet været underbelyst. Artiklen giver et indblik i elevers erfaringer med vejledning af skriveprocesser fra gymnasiet og undersøger, hvordan disse erfaringer aktualiseres i overgangen til universitetet. Undersøgelsen skriver sig ind i et forskningsfelt om vejledning, feedback og skrivedidaktik. Deweys erfaringsbegreb og Mezirows kommunikative læringsforståelse bruges til at identificere, hvordan vejledning bidrager til skrive(r)udvikling. På baggrund af dette diskuterer vi, hvad vi kan lære af de vejledningserfaringer, som eleverne kommer med fra gymnasiet, og vi giver et bud på, hvordan man i vejledning på universitetet kan adressere nogle af de udfordringer, der knytter sig til det institutionelle rammeskifte. Artiklen er derfor både særdeles relevant af interesse for forskere med interesse for vejledning i et overgangsperspektiv og for vejledere, der gerne vil kvalificere deres praksis med vejledning af skriveprocesser.
Developing a Digital Learning Community
Authors: Smeplass Eli , Hylander Lene
Published: December 2021

Norwegian universities cancelled all campus activity as a response to a nationwide increase in Covid-19 cases. Lectures were moved to online platforms. The pandemic regulations forced us to redesign our teaching for a group of adult learners at the vocational lecturer education. Moving away from traditional lectures and discussion seminars, we designed new collaborative ‘work packages’ accompanied with various practical tasks. Our analysis is based on our teaching material, written student feedback and in-depth interviews. A combination of asynchronous teaching, collaborative groups and online meetings with supervisors created a confidence-building learning community and a safe learning environment. The study shows how students mastered the situation during a national lockdown and took responsibility for their own progress in the course. In the discussion, we highlight how an active two-way communication can foster an online learning community that has a positive impact on students’ learning experiences, and how our strategies led to student empowerment.
Singular integrals and sublinear operators on amalgam spaces and Hardy-amalgam spaces
Authors: Ho Kwok-Pun
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we establish the extrapolation theory for the amalgam spaces and the Hardy-amalgam spaces. By using the extrapolation theory, we obtain the mapping properties for the Calderón-Zygmund operators and its commutator, the Carleson operators and establish the Rubio de Francia inequalities for Littlewood-Paley functions of arbitrary intervals to the amalgam spaces. We also obtain the boundedness of the Calder{ó}n-Zygmund operators and the intrinsic square function on the Hardy-amalgam spaces.
Non-Lebesgue measurability of finite unions of Vitali selectors related to different groups
Authors: Nyagahakwa Venuste , Haguma Gratien
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we prove that each topological group isomorphism of the additive topological group $(\mathbb{R},+)$ of real numbers onto itself preserves the non-Lebesgue measurability of Vitali selectors of $\mathbb{R}$. Inspired by Kharazishvili's results, we further prove that each finite union of Vitali selectors related to different countable dense subgroups of $(\mathbb{R}, +)$, is not measurable in the Lebesgue sense. From here, we produce a semigroup of sets, for which elements are not measurable in the Lebesgue sense. We finally show that the produced semigroup is invariant under the action of the group of all affine transformations of $\mathbb{R}$ onto itself.