bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effects of Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum) Extracts and Compounds on Human Tumor Cell Proliferation, Cyclooxygenase Enzymes, Lipid Peroxidation and Nuclear Transcription Factor-kappa-B
Authors: Liu Yunbao , Yadev Vivek R. , Aggarwal Bharat B. , Nair Muraleedharan G.
Published: March 2019

Black pepper ( Piper nigrum) and hot pepper ( Capsicum spp.) are widely used in traditional medicines. Although hot Capsicum spp. extracts and its active principles, capsaicinoids, have been linked with anticancer and antiinflammatory activities, whether black pepper and its active principle exhibit similar activities is not known. In this study, we have evaluated the antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer activities of extracts and compounds from black pepper by using proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, COX-1 and -2 enzymes, human tumor cell proliferation and lipid peroxidation (LPO). The capsaicinoids, the alkylamides, isolated from the hot pepper Scotch Bonnet were also used to compare the bioactivities of alkylamides and piperine from black pepper. All compounds derived from black pepper suppressed TNF-induced NF-κB activation, but alkyl amides, compound 4 from black pepper and 5 from hot pepper, were most effective. The human cancer cell proliferation inhibitory activities of piperine and alklyl amides in Capsicum and black pepper were dose dependant. The inhibitory concentrations 50% (IC50) of the alklylamides were in the range 13-200 μg/mL. The extracts of black pepper at 200 μg/mL and its compounds at 25 μg/mL inhibited LPO by 45-85%, COX enzymes by 31-80% and cancer cells proliferation by 3.5-86.8%. Overall, these results suggest that black pepper and its constituents like hot pepper, exhibit antiinflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities.
Cinnamoylphenethylamine 1H-NMR Chemical Shifts: A Concise Reference for Ubiquitous Compounds
Authors: Pedersen Hans A. , Steffensen Stine K. , Christophersen Carsten
Published: March 2019

1H-NMR data of 25 cinnamoylphenethylamine derivates were recorded and compared in order to assign signals unequivocally without additional spectroscopic data. The spectra provide a key for the rapid identification of these ubiquitous natural products. The compounds isomerize rapidly in UV light, producing a characteristic upfield shift of the olefinic protons consistent with distorted planarity of the Cis cinnamate, and this requires special attention during preparative work.
Antimicrobial Activity and Volatile Constituents of the Essential Oil of Pulsatilla Albana from Iran
Authors: Shafaghat Ali
Published: March 2019

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial flowering parts of Pulsatilla albana (Stev.) Bercht. & Presl. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-five compounds representing 97.5% of oil were identified, among them pulegone (39.1%), piperitenone (17.2%), menthone (16.1%), 1, 8-cineole (8.9%) and p-mentha-3,8-diene (4.2%). In this essential oil oxygenated monoterpenes (87.9%) predominated over monoterpene hydrocarbons (8.3%) and sesquiterpenes (1.3%). Nonterpene hydrocarbons were not found among the identified components. Antibacterial screening of the oil showed moderate activity against certain strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Sandalwood Odorants: Synthesis of a New Campholene Derivative
Authors: Stappen Iris , Höfinghoff Joris , Buchbauer Gerhard , Wolschann Peter
Published: March 2019

Structural modifications of natural (-)-( Z)-β-santalol have shown that the sandalwood odor impression is highly sensitive, even to small structural changes. Particularly, the substitution of the quaternary carbon is of great influence on the scent. Epi-compounds with side chains in the endo-position possess sandalwood odor in only a few derivatives, whereas modifications at this side chain, as well as modification at the bicyclic ring systems mostly lead to a complete loss of sandalwood fragrance.
Antimicrobial Activities of Single Aroma Compounds
Authors: Schmidt Erich , Bail Stefanie , Friedl Susanne Mirjam , Jirovetz Leopold , Buchbauer Gerhard , Wanner Jürgen , Denkova Zapryana , Slavchev Alexander , Stoyanova Albena , Geissler Margit
Published: March 2019

Commercially available aroma samples were evaluated for their olfactory quality by professional perfumers and tested for their antimicrobial activity. Agar diffusion and agar-dilution were used as test methods and a set of two Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus Aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and four Gram-negative bacterial strains ( Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris G, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella abony) and a yeast, Candida albicans, were the test microorganisms.

All the investigated compounds were active against Gram-positive bacteria, especially β-caryophyllene against Enterococcus faecalis (MIC 6 ppm), but only few substances showed activity towards Gram-negative bacteria, except for cinnamic acid, which was active against all (MIC 60 ppm) and Candida albicans, against which cinnamic acid and caryophyllene oxide showed high activity (MIC < 60 ppm).
Microdistillation and Analysis of Volatiles from Eight Ornamental Salvia Taxa
Authors: Tabanca Nurhayat , Demirci Betul , Turner Jimmy L. , Pounders Cecil , Demirci Fatih , Başer Kemal Hüsnü Can , Wedge David E.
Published: March 2019

Volatile compounds from seven Salvia species and one interspecific hybrid growing at the Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden, Texas, US. Salvia coccinea, S. farinacea, S. greggii, S. leucantha, S. longispicata x farinacea, S. madrensis, S. roemeriana and S. splendens were investigated for their chemical compositions using a microdistillation technique. Volatiles were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). One hundred and twenty seven compounds were identified representing 94.3-99.7% of the oils. The major components in each of the seven species were as follows: S. coccinea ( Z)-3-hexenal (31%), viridiflorol (19%); S. farinacea 1-octen-3-ol (30%) and ( Z)-3-hexenal (23%); S. greggii 1,8-cineole (22%), borneol (17%), camphene (11%) and α-pinene (10%); S. leucantha limonene (35%) and α-pinene (17%); S. longispicata x farinacea 1-octen-3-ol (50%) and ( Z)-3-hexenal (24%); S. madrensis ( Z)-3-hexenal (53%); S. roemeriana limonene (49%) and α-pinene (20%); and S. splendens ( Z)-3-hexenal (36%), 2,5-dimethoxy- p-cymene (19%) and linalool (11%). The microdistillation method was fast, practical and a useful technique that enabled the isolation of the volatiles in samples when only limited quantities were available.
Comparison of Liquid-Liquid Partition, HS-SPME and Static HS GC/MS Analysis for the Quantification of (–)-Linalool in Human Whole Blood Samples
Authors: Friedl Susanne Mirjam , Oedendorfer Katharina , Kitzer Simone , Reznicek Gottfried , Sladek Guenther , Heuberger Eva
Published: March 2019

The aim of this investigation was to develop a fast and convenient method for the determination of (–)-linalool in human whole blood to facilitate pharmacokinetic studies. Analytical protocols were elaborated for three different GC/MS sampling techniques, i.e., static headspace ( S-HS), headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME), and liquid-liquid partition. In principle, all tested methods were feasible, but s-HS had the greatest benefit because of the easy handling of the blood samples and its short analysis time. For s-HS two different incubation temperatures were tested (40°C and 60°C). The limit of detection was slightly lower when samples were incubated at 60°C, but the same quantitative results were achieved using α–terpineol as internal standard. An accurate and sensitive method for the quantification of (–)-linalool in blood samples after either inhalation or percutaneous application, as well as pharmacokinetic data are presented.
Salvia Officinalis L.: Composition and Antioxidant-related Activities of a Crude Extract and Selected Sub-fractions
Authors: Koşar Müberra , Dorman H.J. Damien , Başer K. Hüsnü Can , Hiltunen Raimo
Published: March 2019

The composition and antioxidant properties of a methanol: acetic acid (99:1, v/v) soluble crude extract isolated from S. officinalis L. leaves through maceration and selected fractions isolated thereof are presented in this study. The total phenol content was estimated as gallic acid equivalents, whilst qualitative-quantitative phenolic content was determined using high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Antioxidant evaluation consisted of ferric reductive capacity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl free radical scavenging determinations. The crude extract contained hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids and diterpenoids, whilst caffeic acid, carnosic acid, luteolin, luteolin-7- O-glucoside and rosmarinic acid were identified from their chromatographic and spectral characteristics and quantified from their respective calibration curves. The crude extract and sub-fractions demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy in the antioxidant-related assays used, except the n-hexane fraction, which was unable to reduce iron(III) at reasonable concentrations. Although the positive controls, ascorbic acid, BHA and BHT, were more potent than the S. officinalis samples, two fractions were significantly ( p < 0.05) more potent iron(III) reducing agents than pycnogenol, a proanthocyanidin-rich commercial preparation.
Essential Oil and Volatile Components of the Genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae)
Authors: Crockett Sara L.
Published: March 2019

The flowering plant genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae) contains the well-known medicinally valuable species Hypericum perforatum (common St. John's wort). Species of Hypericum contain many bioactive constituents, including proanthocyanins, flavonoids, biflavonoids, xanthones, phenylpropanes and naphthodianthrones that are characterized by their relative hydrophilicity, as well as acylphloroglucinols and essential oil components that are more hydrophobic in nature. A concise review of the scientific literature pertaining to constituents of Hypericum essential oils and volatile fractions is presented.
Two Acylated Flavonoid Glycosides from the Leaves of Quercus Dentata
Authors: Wang Ling-Li , Jiang Mei-Xiang , Xu Sui-Xu , Sun Qi-Shi , Zeng Guang-Yao , Zhou Ying-Jun
Published: March 2019

Two new acylated flavonoid glycosides have been isolated from the leaves of Quercus dentata Thunb. On the basis of chemical and spectral data, the structures of the compounds have been elucidated as kaempferol 3- O-(2″, 4″-diacetyl-3″- cis-p-coumaroyl-6″- trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), and kaempferol 3- O-(2″- trans-p-coumaroyl-3″, 4″-diacetyl-6″- cis-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2).
Phenolic Compounds from Eucalyptus Gomphocephala with Potential Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Al-Sayed Eman , Martiskainen Olli , Bobrowska-Hägerstrand Małtgorzata , Sinkkonen Jari , Törnquist Kid , Pihlaja Kalevi , Ayoub Nahla , Singab Abdel-Nasser
Published: March 2019

Two new phenolic compounds, 2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methyl-acetophenone 2- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and benzyl alcohol 7- O-(3’,4’,6’-tri- O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), together with eight known phenolic compounds, were isolated from the 70% aqueous acetone extract of Eucalyptus gomphocephala DC. (Myrtaceae). The isolated compounds were elucidated based on their 1H, 13C, DQF-COSY, selective 1D-TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC NMR spectroscopic; and ESIMS data. The antioxidant effect of the phenolic compounds was tested using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.), hydroxyl radical and super oxide anion radical scavenging assays. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated using HeLa cell line.
Composition and Chemical Variability of Leaf Oil of Myrtus Communis from North-Eastern Algeria
Authors: Bouzabata Amel , Boussaha Faffani , Casanova Joseph , Tomi Félix
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition of 27 oil samples of Myrtus communis isolated from leaves collected in three locations in north–eastern Algeria was investigated by GC(RI) and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Yields ranged between 0.2-1.2% (w/w). The chemical composition of the oils was largely dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons, with α-pinene (40.5-64.0%), 1,8-cineole (10.9-29.1%) and limonene (6.7-8.2%) being the major compounds. In all the samples, 3,3,5,5,8,8-hexamethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-1(6)-ene-2,4-dione was identified (0.8-1.5%). The composition is similar to that reported for myrtle oils from Corsica, Sardinia and Tunisia, but differed from that of Moroccan and Spanish myrtle oils.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Centaurea Pannonica and C. Jacea
Authors: Milošević Tanja , Argyropoulou Catherine , Solujić Slavica , Murat-Spahić Dragana , Skaltsa Helen
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Centaurea pannonica (Heufel) Simonkai and C. jacea L. (Asteraceae), were investigated. The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty five and twenty nine compounds were identified in the two oils, respectively. C. pannonica oil was rich in fatty acids (43.7%), with 9-octadecanoic acid (34.0%) and ( Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (8.6%) as the major compounds. In contrast, the essential oil of C. jacea was dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (43.2%), among which caryophyllene oxide (23.5%) and spathulenol (8.9%) were the major constituents. However, the oil was also characterized by an important fatty acid fraction (15.5%), with 9-octadecanoic acid (8.9%) and hexadecanoic acid (6.6%) being the main components. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were evaluated by the microdilution method against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria, and one yeast. Both oils exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, especially against Gram-positive bacteria.
Composition and Antifungal Activities of the Leaf Essential oil of Litsea Coreana from Taiwan
Authors: Ho Chen-Lung , Hsu Kuang-Ping , Tseng Yen-Hsueh , Liao Pei-Chun , Wang Eugene I-Chen , Jeyashoke Narumon , Chien Tzu-Chao , Dong Wei-Chih , Su Yu-Chang
Published: March 2019

The hydrodistilled leaf essential oil of Litsea coreana was analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. Fifty-two compounds were identified, the main components being n-decanal (27.5%), 2 E,6 E-farnesol (25.8%), β-eudesmol (10.3%), ethyl n-dodecanoate (8.0%) and τ-cadinol (6.6%). Oxygenated sesquiterpenes (56.8%) and non-terpenoids (37.0%) were the predominant groups of compounds. The leaf oil exhibited excellent antifungal and anti-wood-decay fungal activities.
Naturally Occurring Diarylheptanoids
Authors: Lv Haining , She Gaimei
Published: March 2019

Diarylheptanoids, natural products with a 1,7-diphenylheptane structural skeleton, are mainly distributed in the roots, rhizomes and bark of Alpinia, Zingiber, Curcuma and Alnus species. They have become of interest in natural product research over the past twenty years because of their remarkable anticancer, anti-emetic, estrogenic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. This paper compiles all 307 naturally occurring diarylheptanoids from 46 plants as reported in 137 references with their distributions, physiological activities and 13C-NMR spectral data.
Two New Steroidal Saponins, Hylodoside A and Novaeguinoside Y, from the Starfish Leptasterias Hylodes Reticulata and Culcita Novaeguineae (Juvenile)
Authors: Levina Eleonora V. , Kalinovsky Anatoly I. , Dmitrenok Pavel S. , Martyyas Ekaterina A. , Stonik Valentin A.
Published: March 2019

New steroid glycosides, hylodoside A (1) and novaeguinoside Y (2), along with previously known polyhydroxylated steroids (3-7) were isolated from the ethanolic extracts of the starfish Leptasterias hylodes reticulata and Culcita novaeguineae (juvenile). The structures have been elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectra (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY-45, 1D-TOCSY, HSQCGP, ROESY, HSQC and HMBCGP) and mass spectrometry. Compound 3 was shown to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus up to 10% from the control at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Steroids 1, 2 and 5 showed moderate hemolytic activity in the mouse erythrocytes assay. Compounds 3, 4 and 6 displayed pH-depended hemolytic properties.
HPLC/DAD/MS and Antioxidant Activity of Isoflavone-Based Food Supplements
Authors: Romani Annalisa , Vignolini Pamela , Tanini Annalisa , Pampaloni Barbara , Heimler Daniela
Published: March 2019

Isoflavones are polyphenolic compounds found mainly in legumes the benefits of which have been widely studied and attributed in particular to their phytoestrogenic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quali-quantitative composition of food supplements based on soy isoflavones ( Glycine Max L.) and red clover ( Trifolium pratense). Six commercial food supplements (five soy-based and one red clover-based) were analyzed by HPLC/DAD/MS. Genistein, daidzein, glycitein, biochanin A and formononetin derivatives (glycosides and acylglycosides) were identified in the analyzed samples. Also the antiradical activities (towards the DPPH• radical) and Fe2+ chelating abilities were compared.
Essential Oil Constituents and Biological Activities of Peristrophe Bicalyculata and Borreria verticillata
Authors: Ogunwande Isiaka A. , Walker Tameka M. , Bansal Anita , Setzer William N. , Essien Emmanuel E.
Published: March 2019

Peristrophe bicalyculata (Retz) Nees (Acanthaceae) or ‘The Goddess of Mercy’ and Borreria verticillata (L.) G.F.W. Mey., (Rubiaceae), or ‘Irawo-Ile’ (Yoruba, South-west, Nigeria), are annual herbs, which are poorly exploited. The volatile oils obtained by hydrodistillation in an all glass Clevenger-type apparatus from the plant samples have been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). With respect to the oil of P. bicalyculata, β-caryophyllene (33.9%), α-zingiberene (10.4%), germacrene D and globulol (5.0%) were the compounds occurring in abundance. The oil of B. verticillata had an abundance of phytol (56.3%) and 1, 8-cineole (20.4%), with sizeable proportions of α-pinene (7.1%) and p-cymene (4.0%). In addition, the volatile oils displayed promising in-vitro antimicrobial activity against the tested micro-organisms, (MIC 12.5-22.3 μg/mL), while only the oil of P. bicalyculata displayed in-vitro cytotoxicity to MCF-7 (human breast tumor) and MDA-MB-468 (human breast tumor) cells. The present investigation may be the first of its kind for the evaluation of the volatile oil constituents of the studied plants.
Essential Oil of Galinsoga Parviflora Leaves from Colombia
Authors: Pino Jorge A. , Gaviria Mauricio , Quevedo-Vega Juana , García-Lesmes Laura , Quijano-Celis Clara E.
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition of the volatile compounds from the leaves of Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (Asteraceae) from Colombia was studied by GC and GC/MS. Eighty-eight volatile compounds were identified, of which the major ones were (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (21.7%), β-caryophyllene (12.4%), and 6-demethoxy-ageratochrome (14%). The leaf oil presented antimicrobial activities against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus.
Essential Oil Composition of Three Australian Endemic Species of Darwinia (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Brophy Joseph J. , Goldsack Robert J. , Palá-Paúl Jesús , Copeland Lachlan M. , Lassak Erich V.
Published: March 2019

The essential oils from the aerial parts of three rare Australian endemic species of Darwinia have been extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In D. procera, myrtenyl acetate (6.1-29.6%), α-pinene (6.9-25.1%), γ-terpinene (6.2-13.6%), bicyclogermacrene (5.5-10.8%) and ( E)-nerolidol (3.4-9.7%) were the principal components detected. D. fascicularis ssp. fascicularis produced an oil in which ( E)-nerolidol (33.0%), α-pinene (15.1%) and γ-terpinene (10.2%) were the principal components. In D. peduncularis the major constituents were α-pinene (33.5%), γ-terpinene (23.1%) and bicyclogermacrene (6.7%).
Chemistry and Biological Activity of Essential Oils from Piper Claussenianum (Piperaceae)
Authors: Marques André M. , Barreto Anna Léa S. , Batista Eber M. , Curvelo José Alexandre da R. , Velozo Leosvaldo S. M. , Moreira Davyson de L. , Guimarães Elsie F. , Soares Rosângela Maria A. , Kaplan Maria Auxiliadora C.
Published: March 2019

Analyses of essential oils obtained from fresh and dried leaves and inflorescences of Piper clausenianum were performed using GC-FID, GC-MS and NMR techniques. Forty compounds were detected for these four oils with the total of identified constituents ranging from 88.7% for the dried inflorescences to 97.7% for the dried leaves. Sesquiterpenes were the main constituents in the volatile fraction from leaves with a high percentage of ( E)-nerolidol (up to 83%). However, monoterpenes were identified in greater amount in the inflorescences, with linalool percentages from 50% up. The essential oils from fresh leaves and inflorescences were submitted to anti-parasitic activity against a strain of Leishmania amazonensis. Both samples showed biological activity, but the essential oil from P. claussenianum fresh leaves, which was rich in ( E)-nerolidol, showed effective growth inhibition of L. amazonensis due to the high percentage of this metabolite in the mixture.
Two New Guaianolides from Amberboa ramosa
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad , Khan Rehan , Malik Abdul
Published: March 2019

Two new sesquiterpene lactones named amberbins A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Amberboa ramosa, together with jaseocidine (3), crysoeriol (4) and 3β,8α-dihydroxy-11α-memyl-1αH,5αH,6βH, 7αH,11βH-guai-10(14), 4(15)-dien-6,12-olide (5). The structures of the isolated compounds have been elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data.
Dioscorealide B from the Traditional Thai Medicine Hua-Khao-Yen Induces Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells via Modulation of Bax, Bak and Bcl-2 Protein Expression
Authors: Saekoo Jiraporn , Graidist Potchanapond , Leeanansaksiri Wilairat , Dechsukum Chavaboon , Itharat Arunporn
Published: March 2019

Dioscorealide B is a pharmacologically active compound from the rhizome of the Thai medicinal plant Dioscorea membranacea. Here, we demonstrated that in vitro treatment of dioscorealide B resulted in a cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (IC50 = 2.82 μM). To determine whether this compound induces apoptosis in MCF-7, the Annexin V assay was performed. The data showed that the number of apoptotic cells were increased 7–12 folds over that of the control cells after treatment with various concentrations of dioscorealide B (3, 6 and 12 μM) for 24 hours. Dioscorealide B-induced apoptosis was associated with modulation of the multidomain Bcl-2 family members Bax, Bak and Bcl-2. After treatment with 3 μM dioscorealide B, acceleration of the level of proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak were observed at 6 hours and 12 hours, respectively, while the decrease in the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was observed 3 hours after the treatment. These effects of dioscorealide B might result in the activation of caspase-8, -9 and -7, which lead to apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Taken together, the results of this study provide evidence that dioscorealide B possesses an antitumor property against human breast cancer cells and thus provide the molecular basis for the further development of dioscorealide B as a novel chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment.
An Efficient Protocol for High-frequency Direct Multiple Shoot Regeneration from Internodes of Peppermint (Mentha x piperita)
Authors: Thul Sanjog T. , Kukreja Arun K.
Published: March 2019

A simple, repeatable and efficient protocol for direct multiple shoot regeneration from internodal explants has been defined in peppermint ( Mentha x piperita var. Indus). In vitro regenerated shoots of peppermint were excised into 4 to 8 mm long internodes and cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with different cytokinins. In the hormonal assay, 3.0 mg L-l zeatin or 6-isopentenyl adenine independently supplemented to half strength MS medium exhibited multiple shoot regeneration, while thiaduzorn (0.1-3.0 mg L−1) showed no morphogenetic effect. A maximum of 85% in vitro cultured explants showed multiple shoot formation with an average of 7 shoots per explant on MS medium supplemented with zeatin. Multiple shoots were initiated within three weeks of cultivation. Internodes with regenerated multiple shoots were transferred to half - strength MS medium without supplementing with any plant growth hormone for shoot elongation and rhizogenesis. Rooted plants acclimatized and grew to maturity under glasshouse conditions. The plantlets developed were phenotypically identical to the parent plant and exhibited 96 % survival.
Essential Oils of Daucus carota subsp. carota of Tunisia Obtained by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction
Authors: Marzouki Hauen , Khaldi Abdelhamid , Falconieri Danilo , Piras Alessandra , Marongiu Bruno , Molicotti Paola , Zanetti Stefania
Published: March 2019

The essential oils and supercritical CO2 extracts of wild Daucus carota L. subsp. carota from two different sites in Tunisia were investigated. The main components of the essential oil of the flowering and mature umbels with seeds from Sejnane were eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (8.2 – 8.5%), carotol (3.5 - 5.2%), sabinene (12.0 −14.5%), α-selinene (7.4 - 8.6) and 11-α-(H)-himachal-4-en-1-β-ol (12.7 – 17.4%), whereas the oils from Tunis were predominantly composed of elemicin (31.5 – 35.3%) and carotol (48.0 – 55.7%). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils were assayed by using the broth dilution method on Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, and clinical strains of Candida albicans and C. tropicalis 1011 RM. The MIC values obtained were all > 2.5% (v/v).
Comparison of Antibacterial Activity of Natural and Hydroformylated Essential Oil of Thymus capitatus Growing Wild in North Sardinia with Commercial Thymus Essential Oils
Authors: Usai Marianna , Foddai Marzia , Sechi Barbara , Juliano Claudia , Marchetti Mauro
Published: March 2019

Thymus capitatus growing wild in Sardinia showed different essential oil composition if grown surrounding Cagliari than in north Sardinia. Here we verify the composition and antimicrobial activity of the oil to make it suitable for the cosmetic and confectionery industries. With the aim of improving the scent and the antimicrobical activity of T. capitatus essential oil, a hydroformylation reaction was carried out to transform the unsaturated components of the oil into the corresponding aldehydes. The essential oil of T. capitatus exhibited a significant antibacterial activity (MIC 0.125-0.5 mg/mL), and was also found effective on C. albicans (MIC 0.125 mg/mL). After hydroformylation, several new irregular terpenoid aldehydes were detected. The perfume of the new terpenic-like aldehydes is very agreeable and, therefore, the acceptability of the aroma is remarkably improved, but the antimicrobial activity was not increased.
A Validated Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Flavonoids in Copaifera langsdorffii by HPLC
Authors: de Sousa João Paulo B. , Brancalion Ana Paula S. , Júnior Milton G. , Bastos Jairo K.
Published: March 2019

Hydroethanolic extracts of C. langsdorffii leaves have therapeutic potential. This work reports a validated chromatographic method for the quantification of polar compounds in the hydroethanolic extract of C. langsdorffii leaves. A reliable HPLC method was developed using two monolithic columns linked in series (100 × 4.6 mm – C18), with nonlinear gradient elution, and UV detection set at 257 nm. A procedure for the extraction of flavonols was also developed, which involved the use of 70% aqueous ethanol and the addition of benzophenone as the internal standard. The developed method led to a good detection response as the values for linearity were between 10.3 and 1000 μg/mL, and those for recovery between 84.2 and 111.1%. The detection limit ranged from 0.02 to 1.70 μg/mL and the quantitation limit from 0.07 to 5.1 μg/mL, with a maximum RSD of 5.24%. Five compounds, rutin, quercetin-3- O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, kaempferol-3- O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, quercetin and kaempferol, were quantified. This method could, therefore, be used for the quality control of hydroethanolic extracts of Copaifera leaves and their cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
Evaluation of the Hypocholesterolemic Effect and Phytochemical Screening of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Crataegus Aronia from Jordan
Authors: Al-Hallaq Entisar K. , Afifi Fatma U. , Abdalla Shtaywy S.
Published: March 2019

Chemical screening of the leaves and flowers of Crataegus aronia resulted in the isolation of hyperoside, quercetin, rutin and β-sitosterol for the first time from this plant. The effects of the hydroethanolic extract of C. aronia (CAHE) on hypercholesterolemic rats were investigated. The rats, treated orally for four weeks with 400 mg/kg/day CAHE, exhibited significant decreases in serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The results were compared with those obtained after oral administration of atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day). Furthermore, 10-week daily co-administration of a high cholesterol diet and CAHE (200 mg/kg/day) prevented the increase in TC and LDL. These observations indicate that CAHE has a hypocholesterolemic effect.
New Galloyl Derivative from Winged Sumac (Rhus copallinum) Fruit
Authors: Ma Hang , Yuan Tao , González-Sarrías Antonio , Li Liya , Edmonds Maxwell E. , Seeram Navindra P.
Published: March 2019

Twelve compounds were isolated from Winged Sumac ( Rhus copallinum) fruit and their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and mass spectral data. The isolates included a new galloyl derivative, (R)-galloyl malic acid dimethyl ester (1), and eleven known compounds, gallic acid (2), methyl gallate (3), glucogallin (4), methyl m-digallate (5), methyl p-digallate (6), quercetin (7), myricetin (8), rhamnazin (9), kaempferol (10), betulinic acid (11), and oleanolic acid (12). All of the compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative effects against human colon tumorigenic (HCT-116, Caco-2) and non-tumorigenic (CCD18-Co) cell lines.
Herbicidal Activity of Curvulinic Acid Isolated from Nimbya alternantherae
Authors: Li Jun , Ye Yonghao , Wang Xiaoyang , Dong Liyao
Published: March 2019

A phytotoxic compound, identified as 2-(2-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl) acetic acid (curvulinic acid), was isolated from liquid cultures of the phytopathogenic fungus Nimbya alternantherae. The activity of curvulinic acid on seed germination and seedling growth of Capsella bursa-pastoris was evaluated. Percentage seed germination of C. bursa-pastoris was decreased with increasing concentrations of curvulinic acid. The compound had stronger inhibitory effects on root length than shoot length. At a concentration of 600 μg·mL−1, curvulinic acid caused 73.5% and 66.7% growth inhibition on roots and shoots with IC50 values of 204.7 and 281.1 μg·mL−1, respectively. The finding of curvulinic acid in N. alternantherae and its herbicidal activity are reported here for the first time.
Aromatic Hydroxyl Group Plays a Critical Role in Antibacterial Activity of the Curcumin Analogues
Authors: Kim Mi Kyoung , Park Jun Cheol , Chong Youhoon
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the aromatic substituents of the curcumin scaffold on the antibacterial activity of the resulting curcumin analogues. Six curcumin analogues with different aromatic substituents were prepared and their antibacterial activities were evaluated against two Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria. The structure-activity relationship study demonstrated that antibacterial activity of the curcumin analogues was critically dependent upon the aromatic hydroxyl group. Thus, hydroxycurcumin with an additional aromatic hydroxyl group on the curcumin scaffold showed antibacterial activity against all six pathogens tested and it remained effective even against ampicillin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae. Along with the previously reported antioxidative effect, the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of the hydroxycurcumin warrants further investigation of its biological activity as well as extensive structure-activity relationship study of the curcumin analogues with various aromatic substituents.
GC-MS Analysis of Ziziphora clinopodioides Essential Oil from North Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhou Xiaoying , Yu Qian , Gong Haiyan , Tian Shuge
Published: March 2019

The essential oils of Ziziphora clinopodioide Lam. from four different production areas (Banfang ditch; Altay mountains; Tuoli; Terks) were investigated. The oils were extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Seventeen constituents were identified in the essential oil from Banfang ditch, 20 in that from the Altay mountains, 12 in the Tuoli essential oil, and 9 in the Terks sample. The major components of the oils were pulegone (67.6%, 32.5%, 86.4%, and 82.1%) and p-menthanone (14.8%, 43.7%, 3.2%, and 8.2% from the Banfang ditch, Tuoli, Altay mountains, and Terks samples, respectively).
Analysis of the Essential Oil of Teucrium polium ssp. capitatum from the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Mitić Violeta , Jovanović Olga , Stankov-Jovanović Vesna , Zlatkovic Bojan , Stojanovic Gordana
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition of the essential oil of the aerial parts of Teucrium polium ssp. capitatum collected during the flowering period from rocky places and dry pastures, (Serbia, Niŝ, Kamenica), and dunes along the sea-side, (Bulgaria, Burgas, Primorsko) has been studied by GC and GC/MS. The identified compounds, 45 for the oil from Serbia and 44 for that from Bulgaria, amounted to 97.3% and 96.4% of the oils, respectively. The dominant constituents of the Serbian oil were sesquiterpenes {59.6%, the most abundant components being germacrene D (31.8%), trans-caryophyllene (8.8%) and bicyclogermacrene (6.2%)}, while monoterpenes accounted for 37.5% {the most abundant components being linalool (14.0%) and β-pinene (10.7%)}. The essential oil from Bulgaria was characterized by a high percentage of monoterpenes, amounting to 62.9% {the most abundant components being β-pinene (26.8%), α-pinene (9.3%) and limonene (6.4%)}, while sesquiterpenes accounted for 33.5% (the most abundant component was germacrene D 17.7%)}.
Composition of the Essential Oil of Pogostemon Travancoricus Var. Travancoricus
Authors: Murugan Ramar , Mallavarapu Gopal Rao
Published: March 2019

The essential oil of Pogostemon travancoricus Bedd. var. travancoricus collected from the Agasthyamalai region of Tamil Nadu, India was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The major components of the oil were bicyclogermacrene (16.0%), cis-calamenene (6.3%), germacrene B (11.1%), spathulenol (7.6%), viridiflorol (5.8%), α-cadinol (4.2%) and pogostone (9.9%).
Chemical Composition of Volatile Oils from the Pericarps of Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album) by Different Extraction Methods
Authors: Zhang Xin Hua , da Silva Jaime A. Teixeira , Jia Yong Xia , Zhao Jie Tang , Ma Guo Hua
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition of volatile compounds from pericarp oils of Indian sandalwood, Santalum album L., isolated by hydrodistillation and solvent extraction, were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The pericarps yielded 2.6 and 5.0% volatile oil by hydrodistillation and n-hexane extraction, and they were colorless and yellow in color, respectively. A total of 66 volatile components were detected. The most prominent compounds were palmitic and oleic acids, representing about 40-70% of the total oil. Many fragrant constituents and biologically active components, such as α- and β-santalol, cedrol, esters, aldehydes, phytosterols, and squalene were present in the pericarp oils. This is the first report of the volatile composition of the pericarps of any Santalum species.
Floral Scent Composition of Plumeria Tuberculata Analyzed by HS-SPME
Authors: Báez Disnelys , Pino Jorge A. , Morales Diego
Published: March 2019

The headspace volatile compounds of the flowers of Plumeria tuberculata Lodd. were analyzed by solid phase microextraction coupled with capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Twenty-five compounds were identified, representing 100% of the total composition. The volatile fraction was characterized by oxygenated monoterpenes (79.6%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (8.4%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (7.6%), and benzenoid esters (2.6%). The major components were geraniol (34.9%), citronelol (21.5%) and geranial (16.2%), and they were found to make the major contribution to the typical scent of this flower.
Identification and Quantification of the Antimicrobial Components of a Citrus Essential Oil Vapor
Authors: Phillips Carol A. , Gkatzionis Konstantinos , Laird Katie , Score Jodie , Kant Avinash , Fielder Mark D.
Published: March 2019

The anti-bacterial components of a citrus essential oil vapor were identified as linalool, citral and β-pinene using a bioautography method and quantified by GC-MS. Essential oil vapor release, monitored in real-time with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization – MS (APCI-MS), showed differences in the vapor release profile of limonene, β-pinene and linalool over 24 hours, while Solid Phase Micro-extraction (SPME) GC-MS demonstrated changes in composition of the vapor at 35°C. Fourteen isolates were tested in vitro for their susceptibility to the EO vapor and to linalool, citral and β-pinene vapors, both separately and in a mixture containing the three components in the amounts at which they occur in the EO vapor. All eleven Gram-positive strains tested were susceptible to the EO vapor, linalool, citral and β-pinene vapors separately and the mixture with zones of inhibition of 4.34 cm, 5.32 cm, 5.58 cm, 4.86 cm and 4.68 cm, respectively. Of the three Gram-negative strains tested, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10145 was resistant to all the vapors. When bacteria inoculated onto stainless steel surfaces were exposed to either the EO vapor or a linalool/citral/β-pinene vapor mixture there was no significant difference in reduction for the Gram-positive isolates, while the Gram-negative isolates were resistant to both EO vapor and the linalool/citral/β-pinene mixture.
Sesquiterpenes from the Inner Bark of the Silver Birch and the Paper Birch
Authors: Weston Roderick J. , Smith Gerald J.
Published: March 2019

The compositions of the mixtures of sesquiterpenoids, largely hydrocarbons that were found in the inner bark of the silver birch, Betula pendula Roth and the paper birch, Betula papyrifera Marshall, grown in New Zealand were analyzed by SPME-GCMS. The major components of the volatile oil from the inner bark of B. pendula were trans α-bergamotene (31%) and α-santalene (19%). This composition was quite different from that of the oil from the branches, buds and leaves of the same species from Turkey, but was very similar to that of the oil from the bark of B. pubescens from Russia. The major components of the oil from the inner bark of B. papyrifera were trans α-bergamotene (18%), ar-curcumene (12%), E-β-farnesene (12%), Z-β-farnesene (10%) and cis-α-bergamotene (8%).
Two New Ballonigrin-type Diterpenoids from the Roots of Ballota limbata
Authors: Farooq Umar , Khan Afsar , Khan Ather Farooq , Khan Saleha Suleman , Sarwar Rizwana , Ahmad Viqar Uddin , Waseem Amir
Published: March 2019

Two new ballonigrin type lactone diterpenoids, named ballonigrin lactone A and B, have been isolated from the roots of Ballota limbata. Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was based on spectroscopic {IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and 2D-NMR (HMQC, HMBC, COSY and NOESY} and EI-MS data.
Antifeedants from Chinese Medicinal Herb, Erythrina variegata var. orientalis, Against Maize Weevil Sitophilus zeamais
Authors: Liu Zhi Long , Chu Sha Sha , Jiang Guo Hua , Liu Shao Liang
Published: March 2019

The screening for insecticidal principles from several Chinese medicinal herbs showed that the stem bark of Erythrina variegata var. orientalis possessed significant feeding deterrence against maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais. Bioassay-directed fractionation of the stem bark extract of E. variegata var. orientalis resulted in the isolation of two alkaloids, identified as erysopine and erysovine from their spectroscopic data. Erysopine and erysovine possessed antifeedant activity against S. zeamais adults with EC50 values of 108.5 and 89.7 ppm, respectively
Kaempferol Tri- and Tetraglycosides from the Flowers of Clematis Cultivar
Authors: Sakaguchi Keisuke , Kitajima Junichi , Iwashina Tsukasa
Published: March 2019

A new kaempferol glycoside, kaempferol 3- O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-glucopyranoside]-7- O-β-glucopyranoside (2) was isolated from the flowers of Clematis cultivar “Jackmanii Superba”, together with a known kaempferol 3- O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-glucopyranoside-7- O-β-glucopyranoside (1). The chemical structures of the isolated glycosides were established by UV, LC-MS, characterization of acid hydrolysates, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Chemical Profiling of Constituents of Smilacis glabrae Using Ultra-high Pressure Liquid Chromatography Coupled with LTQ Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Li Xiong , Zhang Yu Feng , Yang Liu , Feng Yi , Deng Yuan Hui , Liu Yi Ming , Zeng Xing
Published: March 2019

A reliable LC-MS method has been applied for the separation and identification of major constituents of the rhizome of Smilacis glabrae. Identification of the constituents was carried out by interpretation of their retention time, and MS and MS/MS data, especially by comparing these with Sarcandra glabra under the same LC-MS conditions, as well as the data provided by the literature. Thirty-three compounds, including catechin derivatives, flavanonols, phenolic acid derivatives and phenylpropanoid glycosides were either identified or tentatively characterized. Among them, compound 12 was deduced to be a new phenylpropanoid-substituted catechin. Fragmentation behaviors of the three major categories of compounds were also investigated. This UPLC-PDA/ESI-MSnmethod was effective for the separation and identification of the constituents and could be the basis for the comprehensive quality control of Smilacis glabrae.
Eucleanal: A New Napthalene Derivative from Euclea divinorum
Authors: Ng'ang'a Margaret Mwihaki , Hussain Hidayat , Chhabra Sumesh , Langat-Thoruwa Caroline , Krohn Karsten , Hussain Javid , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Green Ivan Robert
Published: March 2019

A new naphthalene derivative, named eucleanal (1), was isolated from Euclea divinorum Hiern., and its structure elucidated by detailed spectroscopic (1H, 13C NMR, COSY, HMQC, HMBC) and HREIMS analysis.
Double-blind, Randomized, Clinical Trial on the Antileishmanial Activity of a Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Stem Extract and its Major Constituents
Authors: Sattar Fouzia A. , Ahmed Fayaz , Ahmed Nadeem , Sattar Samina A. , Malghani Muhammad A. K , Choudhary Muhammad I.
Published: March 2019

A controlled study was conducted to determine the efficiency of a topical ointment prepared from the stem extract of Morinda citrifolia against cutaneous leishmaniasis. Similarly, the in vitro antileishmanial activity of morindicone and morinthone isolated from the extract were investigated against Leishmania major. These compounds displayed good activity. Out of 40 patients, 50% showed an excellent response and 30% exhibited good improvement.
An Efficient Microwave Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Potential of Ginkgo biloba#
Authors: Kaur Pushpinder , Chaudhary Abha , Singh Bikram , Gopichand
Published: March 2019

Flavonoid glycosides are a significant group of compounds found in Ginkgo biloba leaves, but the long extraction procedures in existing methods are a challenging problem. In this work, a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method has been developed for extracting bioactive compounds from G. biloba. Several variables were optimized, such as extracting solvent, microwave power, and extraction time that can potentially affect the extraction yield. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays) and flavonoid glycosides of different extracts using RP-HPLC were assessed. The antioxidant capacity was found to be highest with MAE using 60% aq. ethanol as extracting solvent and microwave power of 120W for 20 min.
Synthesis and Anti-tumor Activity Evaluation of Rhein-Aloe Emodin Hybrid Molecule
Authors: Yuan Ye-fei , Hu Xiang-yu , He Ying , Deng Jia-gang
Published: March 2019

To improve the anti-tumor effects of rhein and aloe-emodin, a rhein-aloe-emodin hybrid molecule (RH-AE) was synthesized from rhein and aloe-emodin in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). Chemical and spectroscopic methods, such as 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and HR-ESIMS were used for the structure identification of RH-AE. Using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, the in vitro anti-tumor effects were compared between RH-AE, rhein and aloe-emodin on human hepatoma HepG2, human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE, human lung cancer NCI-H460, human ovarian cancer SK-OV-3, and human cervical cancer Hela cells. The results showed that the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RH-AE on HepG2, CNE, NCI-H460, SK-OV-3, and Hela cells were significantly lower than those of rhein and aloe-emodin. This showed that RH-AE has a better in vitro anti-tumor effect than rhein and aloe-emodin.
A New Peptide Isolated from a Marine Derived Streptomyces bacillaris
Authors: Hu Youcai , MacMillan John B.
Published: March 2019

A new peptide, L- O-Lac-L-Val-D- O-Hiv-D-Val (1), consisting of D-valine, L-valine, L-lactic acid, and 3-D-hydroxyisovaleric acid, was isolated from the culture of the marine sediment derived Streptomyces bacillaris. The planar structure of compound 1 was assigned by 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic analyses. Following acid and base hydrolysis, the absolute configuration of the valine residues in 1 were determined by application of the advanced Marfey's method and the absolute configurations of hydroxy acids units were determined by a HPLC method based on Mosher's reagents.
A New Resin Glycoside from Ipomoea Maxima
Authors: Koryudzu Kazune , Arai Midori A. , Ahmed Firoj , Sadhu Samir K. , Ishibashi Masami
Published: March 2019

A new resin glycoside (1) was isolated from the aerial part of Ipomoea maxima, together with three known compounds, pescaprein XX (2), stoloniferin X (3), and stoloniferin IX (4). The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of 1D NMR spectroscopy, a fragmentation study by APCIMS, and HRESIMS analysis.
Constituents of South Indian Vetiver Oils
Authors: Mallavarapu Gopal Rao , Syamasundar Kodakandla V. , Ramesh S. , Rao Bhaskaruni R. Rajeswara
Published: March 2019

The essential oils isolated from vetiver [ Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash.] roots collected from four locations in south India were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Eighty constituents, representing 94.5-97.8% of the oils, have been identified. The oils from Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kundapur, and Mettupalayam were rich in sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes with cedrane, bisabolane, eudesmane, eremophilane, and zizaane skeletons. The main components of the four essential oils were: eudesma-4,6-diene (δ-selinene) + β-vetispirene (3.9-6.1%), β-vetivenene (0.9-9.4%), 13- nor-trans-eudesma-4(15),7-dien-11-one + amorph-4-en-10-ol (5.0-6.4%), trans-eudesma-4(15),7-dien-12-ol (vetiselinenol) + (E)-opposita-4(15),7(11)-dien-12-ol (3.7-5.9%), eremophila-1(10),11-dien-2α-ol (nootkatol) + ziza-6(13)-en-12-ol (khusimol) (16.1-19.2%), and eremophila-1(10),7(11)-dien-2α-ol (isonootkatol) + (E)-eremophila-1(10),7(11)-12-ol (isovalencenol) (5.6-6.9%). The important compounds that impart the characteristic vetiver odor are: khusimene, δ-selinene, β-vetivenene, cyclocopacamphan-12-ol (epimers A and B), vetiselinenol, khusimol, isovalencenol, khusimone, α-vetivone, and β-vetivone. The chemical profiles of the oils are comparable to Haitian vetiver oil.