bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibration of volumetric soil moisture using Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery by Google Earth Engine
Authors: Quintana-Molina José Rodolfo , Sánchez-Cohen Ignacio , Jiménez-Jiménez Sergio Iván , Marcial-Pablo Mariana de Jesús , Trejo-Calzada Ricardo , Quintana-Molina Emilio
Published: July 2023

Water scarcity for agriculture is increasingly evident due to climatic alterations and inadequate management of this resource. Therefore, developing digital models that help improve water resource management to provide solutions to agronomic problems in northern Mexico is necessary. In this context, the objective of the present research is to calibrate the Optical Trapezoid (OPTRAM) and Thermal-Optical Trapezoid (TOTRAM) models to estimate the volumetric soil moisture at different depths through vegetation indices derived from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 satellite images using Google Earth Engine (GEE). Agricultural areas under gravity irrigation and rainfed runoff in the Comarca Lagunera, the lower part of the Hydrological Region No. 36 of the Nazas and Aguanaval rivers were selected for in-situ measurements. The OPTRAM and TOTRAM normalized moisture content (W) estimates were compared with in-situ volumetric soil moisture (Ɵ) data. Results indicate that the predictions of OPTRAM errors using Sentinel-2 images showed RMSE between 0.033 to 0.043 cm3 cm-3 and R2 between 0.66 to 0.75, whereas Landsat-8 errors showed RSME from 0.036 to from 0.036 to 0.057 cm3 cm-3 and R2 between 0.70 to 0.81. On the other hand, TOTRAM errors showed RMSE between 0.045 to 0.053 cm3 cm-3 and R2 between 0.62 to 0.85 through calibrations. This study made it possible to evaluate the most accurate combinations of the pixel distributions of each model and vegetation indices for the estimation of volumetric soil moisture within the different phenological stages of the crops.
Caracterización del estado de los ecosistemas terrestres a través de las variaciones interanuales de RUE (Rain Use Efficiency)
Authors: Simó-Martí Marina , Martínez Beatriz , Gilabert María Amparo
Published: July 2023

La degradación de los ecosistemas se ha incrementado en las últimas décadas y se prevé que el cambio climático incremente su riesgo, sobre todo en los ecosistemas áridos y semiáridos. El objetivo de este trabajo es la caracterización del estado de los ecosistemas terrestres del territorio español peninsular y las Islas Baleares a través del análisis temporal de la variable RUE (Rain Use Efficiency) durante el periodo 2004-2018. Las imágenes de RUE anual se han calculado como el cociente entre la producción primaria bruta (GPP) anual y la precipitación acumulada (PPT) anual a una resolución espacial de 1 km, y posteriormente se han normalizado los valores. La GPP anual se deriva de la GPP diaria, obtenida utilizando una optimización del modelo de Monteith y la PPT a partir de las imágenes de precipitación diaria, que proceden de aplicar un kriging a los datos de las estaciones de la red de AEMet. El análisis temporal de la RUE se ha realizado calculando su pendiente con el test de Mann-Kendall y el método de Sen-Theil. La RUE se ha analizado a tres niveles de estudio: a nivel regional, por tipos de vegetación y a nivel de píxel. Los resultados han mostrado una tendencia negativa de la RUE normalizada (entre -0.05 y -0.25 año-1) para la mayoría del territorio, para las 9 clases de vegetación (siendo las clases forestales las que han presentado las pendientes más acusadas) y en 5 de los 8 ecosistemas analizados a nivel de píxel. Un declive en la RUE indica cierta degradación en la cubierta vegetal. Del análisis de los resultados se ha extraído que la variabilidad interanual de la RUE se encuentra mediada en gran parte por la precipitación (correlación negativa). Se ha observado que la GPP ha experimentado en los últimos años un incremento progresivo conocido como greening.
Application of photogrammetry and laser scanner on the Bronze Age structures of the Castillejos de Luna cist tomb necropolis (Pizarra, Spain)
Authors: Muñoz-Muñoz Alejandro , Fernández-Sánchez Diego , Vijande-Vila Eduardo , Becerra-Martín Serafín , Cantillo-Duarte Juan Jesús , Domínguez-Bella Salvador , Martínez Enamorado Virgilio , Rengel Castro Francisca , Cantalejo Duarte Pedro , Espejo-Herrerías María del Mar , Suárez-Padilla José , Martín-Ruiz Juan Antonio , Ramos-Muñoz José
Published: July 2023

The cist tombs necropolis at Castillejos de Luna, in Sierra de Gibralmora-Sierra del Hacho (Pizarra, Málaga, Spain) was known from the graphic documentation and the grave goods of two tombs. New studies have documented nine burials. The aim of this article is to present the new virtualisation work that has been carried out in the necropolis, to generate a new three-dimensional (3D) documentation of the currently known records, which are in acceptable visibility conditions. Using tools to document tombs in 3D offers us great advances in data acquisition and editing, with great precision and realism, thanks to the 3D models generated through techniques such as photogrammetry or laser scanning. Thanks to these tools, it is possible to carry out studies on digital twins and use them as informative material for society. The study this paper describes has generated high quality products for dissemination and future analysis. The results shown here are of metric character, with orientation and geographical location of the structures. In addition, in one of the tombs the authors show the combination of photogrammetric techniques with laser scanners to obtain a single high-resolution 3D model; subsequently a retopology process is carried out to achieve a "light" model with a photorealistic appearance that is both easily manipulated on mobile devices for its dissemination and a guarantee that the general public can enjoy this necropolis in a different way. The preliminary results are published in the web repository of 3D models Sketchfab, where the users can see a preview of one of the tombs before and after being optimised with retopology through Blender. The authors provide a socio-historical analysis of Bronze Age necropolises in central Andalusia, within the framework of a debate on the western expansion of the El Argar Culture.
Virtual assessment of a possible meningioma in a Roman-period cranium
Authors: Rodríguez-Iglesias Daniel , Pantoja-Pérez Ana , Fernández-Colón Pilar , Pablos Adrián , Alcaraz-Castaño Manuel , Sala Nohemi
Published: July 2023

Diseases have accompanied human populations since prehistoric times. Knowing the paleopathologies and their consequences derived from them can help us to understand their impact and how have been decisive in our ancestors' ways of life. Taphonomic and paleopathological studies are key to understanding how injuries occurred; they can provide information on causes of death, analyzed populations behaviour, such as the existence of interpersonal conflicts or how they took the care of the sick. Those studies also confirm the existence of certain diseases, mentioned in the archaeological record. This paper explains the analysis of four lesions found in a Roman-era cranium from Sima de Marcenejas, located in Northern Spain. An anthropological analysis of this cranium has revealed that it corresponds to an adult male individual. This work focuses on the differential diagnosis of the lesions, to be able to discern the most likely aetiologies. The following techniques have been implemented: classical morphological analysis, forensic taphonomic analysis and virtual analysis. MicroCT and 3D microscopy have been used as essential tools for the virtual analysis of the cranium and its lesions. The results obtained revealed the existence of a tumour and three exocranial traumas, all of them antemortem. The location of the tumour, as well as its morphology together with other aspects, support the meningioma as the most probable tumour type. This possible ancient meningioma represents the first case for these chronologies on the Iberian Peninsula, where there are few documented cases. The three traumatic lesions reveal the existence of injuries produced by both, blunt and sharp objects, related to events of interpersonal violence. By applying virtual 3D analyses, the researchers have demonstrated that it is viable to identify tumours in those internal cranial regions, where the lesion is not visible, thus providing new comparative data for the paleopathological record of past populations.
Highlights:

Meningiomas are rare in the archaeological record which complicates tracing themin ancient human populations.
The use of computerized microtomography (MicroCT) and virtual 3D models makes it possible to identify tumoursin those internal cranial regions where the lesions are not visible.
Paleopathological analysis of a Roman cranium has revealed, in addition to cranial trauma, a new possible case of meningioma.
Urban population impact on CO² emission: 1961-2014 panel data analysis
Authors: Geraldino Gilson
Published: July 2023

In this paper we get empirical evidence to development impact on pollution in a long run perspective, 1961-2014, using five years average World Bank countries annual information for CO2 emissions (a proxy for pollution), population growth and urban population (proxy for human natural resources pressure) and life expectancy at birth (proxy for development). We also considerer regional, income levels and time effects. We found that only urban population has robust positive effect on pollution. It makes sense once the world population and urban concentration increased a lot in 20th century. This spectacular human concentration in a consider carbon-based society had strong environment impact.
O impacto da maternidade na desigualdade salarial no mercado de trabalho formal: uma análise para o Brasil entre 2008 e 2018
Authors: Gonçalves Jeniffer , Petterini Francis Carlo
Published: July 2023

A desigualdade salarial entre mulheres e homens persiste apesar dos esforços dispendidos em favor da igualdade de gênero. Este estudo investiga a hipótese da penalidade da maternidade levantada na última década por pesquisadores da área, que sugere que a desigualdade salarial é agravada pelo nascimento de um bebê. Após ter filho, as mulheres têm seus salários e participação no mercado de trabalho reduzido quando comparados aos resultados dos homens, indicando que as mulheres são penalizadas pela maternidade. Foi utilizada a metodologia de estudos de eventos, comparando os rendimentos do trabalho das mulheres em relação aos homens em torno do nascimento do filho, com os dados identificados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) para o Brasil. Tanto o salário quanto a participação das mulheres no mercado de trabalho se reduz após o nascimento de um bebê. Para os homens, o efeito, apesar de também ser negativo, é de menor magnitude. Os impactos na maternidade se mostraram persistentes, de modo que 10 anos após o nascimento, os salários das mães não retornam ao patamar pré-nascimento. A desigualdade no mercado de trabalho tem fortes relações com o nascimento de um bebê. Este resultado contribui para o debate sobre desigualdade salarial de gênero no Brasil.
A “teoria geral do emprego, do juro e da moeda”, um resumo crítico do livro de J. M. Keynes
Authors: Pereira José Maria Dias
Published: July 2023

Há algum tempo atrás, a predominância das ideias neoliberais na corrente principal do pensamento econômico levou alguns dos seus propagandistas a decretarem o enterro da teoria keynesiana. Entretanto, crise após crise do capitalismo, a teoria keynesiana continua exercendo o papel principal nas políticas anticíclicas. Como escreveu uma importante estudiosa da obra de Keynes, “a ‘Teoria Geral’, como qualquer livro de economia, é um filho do seu próprio tempo e os tempos mudaram. A questão agora é o quanto mudaram e em que sentido e, somente após o seu exame, poderemos dizer o que deve ser guardado ou descartado”. Este artigo tem o propósito de resumir, de forma crítica, o conteúdo dos capítulos da Teoria Geral. Pode ser interpretado como uma espécie de “guia de leitura”, permitindo, a qualquer um que se empenhe nessa tarefa, criar coragem para enfrentar os originais dessa importantíssima e polêmica obra e, assim, formar a sua própria opinião sobre ela ou de seu autor.
Alpro will Führungsrolle im Markt zurückerobern
Authors: Adelhardt Andrea
Published: July 2023

Danone will mit seiner von den Private Labels entthronten Marke Alpro wieder Marktführer der pflanzlichen Weißen Linie werden. Dazu konzentriert sich der Hersteller auf das Kerngeschäft wie Pflanzendrinks und Joghurtalternativen – den geplanten Einstieg in den Käseersatz legt er auf Eis.
Rosie & Jim paniert glutenfrei
Authors: Schindler Barbara
Published: July 2023

Die panierten Hähnchenbrustfilets und -streifen von Rosie & Jim erfreuen sich nicht nur bei Zöliakie-Betroffenen wachsender Beliebtheit.
Folgenabschätzung fällt durch
Authors: Mönch Axel
Published: July 2023

Brüssel. Die Verhandlungen um den Pflanzenschutz werden fortgesetzt. Allerdings bleiben zahlreiche EU-Mitgliedstaaten skeptisch. Die Folgenabschätzung der EU-Kommission bekommt im Agrarrat schlechte Noten.
Weide statt Stall
Authors: Leißner Martina
Published: July 2023

München. Johannes Müller hat die konventionelle Schweinehaltung aufgegeben und hält seine Tiere seit drei Jahren auf der Weide. Die Nische samt Direktvermarktung hat sich für ihn bewährt.
Batı’da ve Türkiye’de Plastik ve Fonetik Sanatların Dualitesi Üzerine
Authors: ÇÖKLÜ Hatice , KAHRAMAN ÖZYILMAZ Jale Asya
Published: July 2023

Sanat tarihinde, yirminci yüzyılın ilk yarısından önce plastik sanatlarda sıkça karşımıza çıkan ses, müzik ve gürültü imgeleri plastisitesi, sanatçıların geleneksel biçimlendirme yöntemlerine getirdiği yeni çeşitliliklerle dönüşüme uğramıştır. Müzikolojik olarak bir ritim, melodi ve armoniye yardımcı öğe durumunda olan sesin müzikal diziminin yapıbozumu, fütüristlerin şehir gürültüsü ve endüstriyel sesleri keşfi ile ürettikleri yapıtlarda kendini göstermektedir. İkinci dünya savaşı sonrasında somut, elektronik, sentetik müzik dallarının ortaya çıkması, dönemin avangard kompozitör ve müzisyenlerinin sese yeni bakışı, sesi plastik sanatlarda da yeni bir ifade ve üretim alanına dönüşmüştür, sınırlarını genişletmiş, disiplinler arası bir dolaşıma sokmuştur. Bu araştırmada 20.yüzyılın sonlarında plastik sanatlar terminolojisindeki yerini alan “Ses Sanatı” nın, sanat tarihinin farklı dönemleri içinden seçilmiş kilit örnekleriyle Batı ve Türkiye’deki sanat ortamında varoluşu ve dönüşümü yeniden değerlendirilecektir.
Osmanlı Devleti’nde Tarımda Makineleşme ve Basının Rolü
Authors: DEMİR Kenan
Published: July 2023

Osmanlı Devleti 19. yüzyılda serveti artırmak amacıyla üretici bir bakış açısıyla ekonomi politikalarını uygulamaya başlamıştır. Tarımda üretimin artırılmasında daha rekabetçi olunduğu için bürokratlar tarım sektörünü tercih etmiş ve tarım sektöründe teşvik edici politikalar uygulamıştır. Uygulanan politikalardan biri de makineleşmenin yaygınlaşmasıdır. Bu çalışmada tarım sektöründe makineleşmenin yaygınlaşması için devletin uyguladığı politikalar belirtildikten sonra yaşanan değişim, basındaki yazılar ışığında incelenmiş ve tarımda makineleşme süreci aktarılmıştır. Basının bir bilgilendirme ve yönlendirme aracı olarak kullanılması nedeniyle çalışmada öncelikle propaganda kavramı açıklanmış sonra basının politika aracı olarak işlevi anlatılmıştır. Araştırmalar sonucu fikri değişim yaratılması amacıyla basında makineleşmenin lehine yönelik bir yayım politikası güdüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Yazılan yazıların sonucunda, makineleşmede yaygın olmasa bile küçük bir artışın yaşandığı gözlemlenmektedir. Basında da sıkça değinildiği gibi sermaye eksikliği ve yeniliklere açık olmama gibi faktörler makineleşmenin yayılmasının hızını düşürmüşse bile makineleşme sürecinde kısmen bir başarı söz konusudur.
NATO-Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Rekabeti
Authors: TEKİR Gökhan
Published: July 2023

Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin (ÇHC) ekonomik, teknolojik ve siyasi alanlarında yükselişi, Soğuk Savaş’ın sona ermesinden sonra, Atlantik bloğuna yönelen en ciddi sistemik meydan okumadır. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) Başkanı Donald Trump döneminde ÇHC’nin bu yükselişine yönelik önlemler, Trump’ın NATO ittifakına yönelik şüpheci tavrı nedeniyle tek taraflı olarak kalmıştır. Joe Biden’ın ABD başkanlığına seçilmesiyle transatlantik ittifakını güçlendiren politikası NATO’nun ÇHC konusunda ortak bir tutum almasını kolaylaştırmıştır. ÇHC’nin Rusya’nın Ukrayna işgalinde Rusya’yı destekleyen bir tutum alması, Şincan bölgesinde Uygurlara yönelik uygulamaları ve Tayvan konusunda sertleşen üslubu Avrupa’nın ÇHC konusundaki tehdit algılamasını değiştiren faktörlerdir. Böylece, Avrupalı ülkeler de ÇHC konusunda ABD ile benzer konuma gelmeye başlamıştır. NATO, 2021 yılında ÇHC’yi sistemik bir meydan okuyucu olarak tanımlamış ve 2022 yılında da ÇHC’nin neden olduğu güvenlik tehditleri karşısında ortak hareket edeceğini açıklamıştır. NATO, politik, ekonomik ve dijital alanları ÇHC ile rekabet alanları olarak tanımlamıştır. NATO’nun ÇHC ile mücadele kapsamında Asya-Pasifik bölgesinde ortaklıklarını güçlendireceği, politik olarak ABD-Avrupa ülkeleri arasında ÇHC konusunda ortak bir tutum almak için iş birliğini tahkim edeceği ve ÇHC’nin siber alandaki faaliyetleri için siber güvenlik alanında aktif bir pozisyon alacağı beklenmelidir.
Disaster Risk Perception Regarding Culture and Personality
Authors: ÇELİK İbrahim Halil , KILIÇ Taşkın
Published: July 2023

Disasters appear in different ways as a result of dangerous and risky situations. The impact of events that may lead to disasters differs according to societies' risk reduction and preparedness levels. In order for societies to attach importance to risk management activities, it is important that they first perceive the hazards and risks that may lead to disasters in their regions. In this framework firstly, the disaster risk perception scale was developed and then it was tried to reveal whether it is related to culture and personality. The survey was limited to 900 people aged 18 and over living in Muğla and Van provinces in Türkiye. The data were analyzed in LISREL software. It was found that the agreeableness dimension of the personality scale was positively related to all dimensions of disaster risk perception. The conscientiousness dimension of the personality scale was found to be negatively related to the threat dimension of disaster risk perception, and the openness to experience was found to be negatively related to the fatalism dimension of disaster risk perception. No relationship was found between the extraversion dimension of personality and the perception of disaster risk. The uncertainty avoidance dimension of the culture scale was found to be positively correlated with the anxiety and controllability dimensions of disaster risk perception. No relationship was found between the collectivism dimension of culture and the perception of disaster risk.
Osmanlı Döneminde Uşak Kazası Muharremşah Karyesi (15. - 19. Yüzyıllar)
Authors: AKSU KILIÇ Leyla
Published: July 2023

Osmanlı döneminde Uşak kazasına bağlı Muharremşah karyesinin sosyo-ekonomik durumu ve nüfus yapısının ortaya konulduğu bu çalışmada, Muharremşah karyesinin 15. yüzyıldan 19. yüzyılın sonuna kadarki süreci dikey boyutta ele alınarak karye sakinlerinin Osmanlı dönemindeki hane yapısı, kayıtlı nüfusun meslekleri, fizikî durumları, yaşları, gelir kaynakları, gelir düzeyleri ve vergi durumlarına dair panoramik bir görüntü yaratılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada Osmanlı dönemi arşiv kaynaklarından 45 (1481-1512) ve 49 (1512) numaralı tahrir defterleri ve 438 numaralı Muhâsebe-i Vilâyet-i Anadolu Defteri (1530) ile karyenin klasik dönemini, 2498 numaralı avarız defteri (1676) ile Muharremşah’ın zaman içindeki sosyo-ekonomik ve nüfus yapısındaki dönüşümünü görmek mümkündür. 19. yüzyıldaki 1645 numaralı nüfus defteri (1835-38) ve 9465 numaralı temettuat defteri (1844-45) temel alınarak karye sakinlerinin aile ve şahıs isimleri ve lakaplar, üretilen ürünler, kayıtlı erkek nüfus ve nüfusun fiziksel özellikleri, tarlaları, hayvanları (küçükbaş, büyükbaş, binek hayvanı) ve vergiler gibi birçok husus detaylandırılmıştır. Son olarak ise H.1316/M.1898-1899 ve H.1325/M.1907-1908 tarihli Hüdavendigar Vilayeti Salnameleri ile 1928 Tarihli Köylerimiz eserleri kullanılarak karyenin 19. yüzyıl sonu ile 20. yüzyıl başlarındaki değişimine tanık olmak mümkün olmuştur.
Approaches to combating ageism among the elderly populations in Kenya
Authors: Nyangena Emily Moraa
Published: July 2023

This study examined approaches to combating ageism among the elderly populations in Kenya. The study used a qualitative methodology, and it involved interviews with 30 experts on ageism from different parts of Kenya. The findings of the study suggest that there are a number of approaches that can be effective in combating ageism. Some of the approaches to combating ageism that were identified in the study include: Educational interventions: These interventions aim to teach people about ageism and its negative effects. They can be delivered in a variety of settings, such as schools, workplaces, and community organizations. Intergenerational contact: This type of intervention brings together people of different ages to interact with each other. This can help to break down stereotypes and promote positive attitudes towards older people. Policy changes: These interventions can help to reduce ageism by changing the way that older people are treated in society. For example, laws that protect older people from discrimination can help to create a more age-friendly environment. Media representation: The media can play a role in combating ageism by portraying older people in a positive light. This can help to challenge negative stereotypes and promote positive attitudes towards older people. The conclusion and recommendation of this study is that there are a number of approaches that can be effective in combating ageism. These approaches can help to reduce negative stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination, and they can promote positive attitudes towards older people.
Esta Casa não é uma Casa: Cata pedra, cata cacos, cata lixo
Authors: Branco Maria Carolina Arruda
Published: July 2023

"Esta Casa não é uma Casa: Cata pedra, cata cacos, cata lixo" é um ensaio visual que procura apresentar o potencial da Casa da Flor enquanto monumento arquitetónico, que atravessa a vida das pessoas da região dos lagos, através de objectos vistos como "lixo" e transformados por Gabriel em habitação.
La lengua española en Taiwán: de ayer a hoy
Authors: Lin Mei-Chih , Sossouvi Laurent-Fidèle
Published: July 2023

El bilingüismo o multilingüismo constituye un requisito para los estudios, la convivencia y el trabajo. Esta investigación pretende estudiar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del español en Taiwán a través de la historia, desde los primeros contactos lingüísticos de la lengua castellana en la isla, debido al naufragio del galeón portugués en 1582, pasando por la colonización japonesa y el gobierno del partido nacionalista, Kuomintang, hasta alcanzar su evolución reciente y situación actual en la enseñanza formal. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante el análisis documental. Este estudio ha encontrado que el uso del español en el ámbito educativo ha ido aumentando, así como su interés y popularidad en cuanto al alumnado, profesorado, centros educativos, si bien aún persisten algunos problemas por resolver. Finalmente, se presentan las principales conclusiones del artículo y propuestas de actuación.
Erkenci Sofralık Kayısı Islahı
Authors: BİRCAN Mustafa , ÜNLÜ Mustafa , PİNAR Hasan
Published: July 2023

Türkiye’de Akdeniz bölgesi kayısıcılığı, gerek iç tüketimde taze kayısı gereksinimini karşılayacak, gerekse dış satımda rekabete girebilecek potansiyele sahiptir. Daha önce yapılan seleksiyon ve adaptasyon çalışmalarıyla bölgeye uyabilen, erkenci ve kaliteli çeşitler saptanmıştır. Ancak bu çeşitler taze tüketim için belirlenen özellikleri tam anlamı ile üzerlerinde taşımamaktadırlar. Bu nedenle hem iç tüketimi karşılamak, hem de dış satıma yönelik sofralık kayısı üretimini arttırmak için bölgesel adaptasyonu sağlanmış çeşitlerin melezleme yoluyla geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. 1989 yılında, Alata Bahçe Kültürleri Araştırma Enstitüsü ülkemizde meyvecilikte ilk defa melezleme ıslahı ile 5 çeşit kayısı geliştirilmiştir. Daha sonra aynı programın devam ettirilmesi ile 2021 yılında öne çıkan melez bitkilerden aşılama yapılarak aşılı fidan elde edilmiştir. Yapılan fenolojik gözlem ve pomolojik analizler sonucunda 13 adet melez bireyin erkencilik, verim ve bazı kalite kriterleri bakımından ümitvar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu melez bitkiler sonraki ıslah çalışmalarında kullanılabilecek niteliktedir.
Türkiye Organik Elma Yetiştiriciliği Üzerine Değerlendirmeler
Authors: KILIÇ Derya , ÇALIŞKAN Oğuzhan
Published: July 2023

Son yıllarda, tüketicilerin sağlıklı ve güvenli gıda tüketme talepleri, organik meyve yetiştiriciliğinin artmasını sağlamıştır. Türkiye, sahip olduğu farklı iklim koşulları ve meyve türü çeşitliliği ile organik meyve yetiştiriciliğine uygun alanlar içermektedir. Bu derleme, Türkiye’de organik elma yetiştiriciliğinin mevcut durumu ve geleceği ile ilgili değerlendirmeleri kapsamaktadır. Türkiye’de organik elma yetiştiriciliği Niğde, Afyonkarahisar ve Konya illerinde yaygın olarak yapılmaktadır. Bu illerde yazlık elma çeşitlerinden ‘Mondial Gala’, ‘Buckeye Gala’; kışlık elma çeşitlerinden ‘Jonagold’, ‘Braeburn’, ‘Jeromine’, ‘Fuji’ ve ‘Rome Beauty’ gibi çeşitler yanında Granny Smith ve Golden Delicious gibi standart elma çeşitleri de organik yetiştiricilikte kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye, bu çeşitlerle 9.370 ha’lık alanda 87.183 ton organik elma üretimi gerçekleştirmekte olup, bu üretim alanı ile Avrupa’nın ikinci büyük üretim merkezi konumundadır. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye’nin sahip olduğu uygun ekolojik koşullar ile organik elma üretim alanlarının gelecekte artma potansiyelinin bulunduğu söyleyebiliriz.
Гарантії місцевого самоврядування в Україні: актуальні питання теорії
Authors: Баймуратов Михайло , Кофман Борис
Published: July 2023

Стаття присвячена аналізу теоретичних питань розуміння та визначення ідентифікаційних властивостей гарантій місцевого самоврядування, як конституційно-правового інституту, рівня публічної влади та самоорганізації населення. Визначаються риси (властивості) таких гарантій та надається їх тлумачення, визначається їх роль в практичному існуванні та реалізації локальної демократії.
Застосування штучного інтелекту для ідентифікації металів вихрострумовою системою
Authors: Абрамович Антон , Зайцев Євген , Піддубний Володимир
Published: July 2023

Проаналізовано вихрострумовий метод контролю та обґрунтовано можливість його використання для ідентифікації металів та сплавів. Показано, що це можна здійснити шляхом модернізації вихрострумової радіотехнічної системи з динамічним скануванням металевих зразків, яка полягає в використанні сучасних мікроконтролерів із високою точністю роботи АЦП. Наводиться структурна схема модернізованої системи, розглянуті деякі аспекти обробки отриманого сигналу відгуку, що дозволили виділити інформаційні коефіцієнти, які б представляли метал або сплав як узагальнений образ. Запропоновано для порівняння невідомого досліджуваного зразка металу чи сплаву із наявними в набраній базі даних використовувати методи машинного навчання, що показано на прикладі методу машинних опорних векторів, який дозволяє в реальному часу ідентифікувати метали та сплави, здійснювати експрес контроль, без втручання людини у процес ідентифікації.
Specificity of the formation of modern social housing in Ukraine as a consequence of the russian invasion
Authors: Bachynska Liudmyla , Kutsalo Oleksii
Published: July 2023

The Soviet Union, among other states, was distinguished by the construction of housing at a great pace and volume, which was included in the programs of future social development for every 5 years. It was believed that the scale of Soviet construction should testify to the advantages of the Soviet system of government (and in fact the ruling political regime was formed by a one-party system) and the socialist system of management. Housing construction was carried out for the people under conditions of equality and equal distribution by state bodies of living space per person. The liberation of Ukraine from the Russian Communist Party dictate led to a prolonged Russian invasion of Ukrainian land due to the Russian Federation's inadmissibility of such "arbitrariness" on the part of Ukraine as choosing a pro-European path and democratization. With the acquisition of Independence in Ukraine, there was a reassessment of the values previously declared by the communist authorities, when the dictatorship of the proletariat and the hegemony of the poorest sections of the population were proclaimed. Mass housing construction, as an industry that had to serve as communist propaganda, actually met the minimum needs of the people. This is especially evident when comparing the Soviet heritage and the modern construction of social housing in other countries. The state of war in our country has given us an understanding that the problem of creating social housing is growing in our difficult conditions, covers a huge number of the population that lost their homes as a result of hostilities and takes various forms that need to be identified.
Las tecnologías del empoderamiento y la participación como alternativa del proceso de aprendizaje-enseñanza
Authors: Panza Cajamarca Marco Ivan , Pichazaca Tenesaca Juliana Rocio , Patiño Astudillo Mary Noemi , Guaman Muñoz Christian Mauricio
Published: July 2023

En este artículo se presenta una investigación que se enfoca en el empleo y el uso las tecnologías del empoderamiento y la participación (TEP) como herramienta de medición pedagógica. Las siglas TEP hacen referencia a una transformación de herramientas tecnológicas con integración de nuevas configuraciones físicas en la red tecnológica, y son la evolución de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC). Ellas están teniendo mayor protagonismo en muchos aspectos del convivir diario de la sociedad, con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad de vida y aplicar herramientas digitales dentro del campo educativo. De esta manera, vamos formando parte de una cultura tecnológica.
Estrategia metodológica para la preparación agroecológica de la carrera Agronomía, en San Antonio del Sur
Authors: Delgado López Lonis Pedro , Brooks Pérez Yurinaisis , Sollet Sánchez Lixandra
Published: July 2023

La presente investigación se centra en el proceso de universalización de la educación superior, y en particular, en el proceso de preparación de los profesores a tiempo parcial. De ahí que los estudios tendenciales han demostrado que el trabajo metodológico en la preparación de las asignaturas ha expresado algunas carencias en su diseño, orientación y evaluación de actividades que favorezcan su establecimiento, visto esto en la calidad de la preparación de los profesores y el uso de métodos, procedimientos y medios de enseñanza específicos para el trabajo con la asignatura. Se realizó un estudio diagnóstico con la aplicación de diferentes métodos y técnicas de investigación educativa para caracterizar la situación actual del problema en el objeto de investigación, lo que permitió constatar que el actual proceso de preparación de los profesores a tiempo parcial de la carrera Agronomía aún presenta limitaciones que obstaculizan el logro efectivo de la preparación agroecológica de estos docentes. Por tanto, se encauza como objetivo el diseño de una estrategia de preparación a los profesores a tiempo parcial que laboran en esta carrera en condiciones de universalización para el crecimiento profesional y su materialización en la práctica pedagógica. Se corroboró su factibilidad a partir de su implementación y la experiencia de los autores en la práctica. Se expone entonces una valoración de los resultados obtenidos que superan los del diagnóstico inicial, lo que evidencia un salto cualitativo y cuantitativo al compararlos.
Coinfecciones bacterianas asociadas a la Covid-19, en la Amazonía ecuatoriana
Authors: Llangarí Cujilema Jorge Luis , Velásquez Serra Glenda Coromoto , Llangari Tzaqui Luis Alberto
Published: July 2023

La coinfección por patógenos, en especial, las bacterias, constituye un factor de riesgo importante que genera resultados adversos en la Covid-19, fundamentalmente en pacientes críticamente enfermos, lo que se convierte en una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad. Se establecieron como objetivos específicos los siguientes: distribuir la población según grupos de edad y género, caracterizar los determinantes sociales de la salud en la población seleccionada, diagnosticar mediante hisopados nasofaríngeos el virus de SARS-CoV-2 por RT-PCR, aislar las bacterias presentes en las muestras de esputo y exudados faríngeos, así como, evaluar la susceptibilidad a los agentes microbianos, para finalmente medir el impacto de las acciones de intervención. Se trató de una investigación de intervención, descriptiva, de campo, documental, con un enfoque cuantitativo, de corte transversal. El grupo de edad mayormente entrevistado correspondió a mayores de 60 años. Predominó el género masculino (67.92 %). Los sujetos se encuentran asentados en la zona rural (84.90%). Pertenecen a la etnia kichwa (69.0 %). El nivel de educación correspondió a secundaria completa (39.62%) y la población dispone de empleo informal (60.37%). 53 personas arrojaron resultados positivos por la técnica de RT-PCR para el virus de SARS-CoV-2. Los microorganismos aislados en las muestras de esputo y exudados faríngeos más prevalentes fueron Gram negativas: (Klebsiella pneumoniae; 47.16%) y Gram positivas: (Staphylococcus aureus; 7.56%). Se encontró un alto índice de resistencia a la familia de los betalactámicos. Durante la intervención se produjo un cambio de actitud, específicamente, sobre el uso de los equipos de protección individual para reducir los casos de SARS-CoV-2 en la zona.
La formación bioestadística en la carrera Licenciatura en Educación, Biología
Authors: Alviño García José , Moreira Carbonell Carlos
Published: July 2023

La presente investigación parte del problema que se presenta en la carrera Licenciatura en Educación, Biología, dado por las insuficiencias de los estudiantes en la apropiación del contenido estadístico y su aplicación en la práctica profesional, lo que influye negativamente en la pertinencia formativa de este futuro profesional. Se plantea como objetivo elaborar una estrategia didáctica para la implementación de la concepción didáctica de los contenidos de bioestadística en la citada carrera. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos que facilitaron la obtención de la información relacionada con el tema de investigación y permitieron la elaboración y puesta en práctica de la estrategia didáctica. Los resultados alcanzados demostraron que la estrategia elaborada constituye una respuesta inmediata al problema declarado y constituye una vía didáctica que contribuye a la implementación de los contenidos de bioestadística en la carrera Licenciatura Educación, Biología.
Ultradian rhythms in shell composition of photosymbiotic and non-photosymbiotic mollusks
Authors: de Winter Niels J. , Killam Daniel , Fröhlich Lukas , de Nooijer Lennart , Boer Wim , Schöne Bernd R. , Thébault Julien , Reichart Gert-Jan
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The chemical composition of mollusk shells is a useful tool in
(paleo)climatology since it captures inter- and intra-annual variability in
environmental conditions. Trace element and stable isotope analysis with
improved sampling resolution now allows in situ determination of the composition of mollusk shell volumes precipitated at daily to sub-daily time intervals. Here, we discuss hourly resolved Mg / Ca, Mn / Ca, Sr / Ca, and Ba / Ca profiles
measured by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) through shells of the photosymbiotic giant clams (Tridacna maxima, T. squamosa, and T. squamosina) and the non-photosymbiotic scallop Pecten maximus. Precise sclerochronological age models and spectral analysis allowed us to extract daily and tidal rhythms in the trace element composition of these shells. We find weak but statistically significant expressions of these periods and conclude that this cyclicity explains less than 10 % of the sub-annual variance in trace element profiles. Tidal and diurnal rhythms explain variability of, at most, 0.2 mmol mol−1
(∼ 10 % of mean value) in Mg / Ca and Sr / Ca, while ultradian Mn / Ca and Ba / Ca cyclicity has a
median amplitude of less than 2 µmol mol−1 mol mol−1 (∼ 40 % and 80 % of the mean of Mn / Ca and
Ba / Ca, respectively). Daily periodicity in Sr / Ca and Ba / Ca is stronger in Tridacna than in Pecten, with Pecten showing stronger tidal periodicity. One T. squamosa specimen which grew under a sunshade exhibits among the strongest diurnal cyclicity. Daily cycles in the trace element composition of giant clams are therefore unlikely to be driven by variations in direct insolation but rather reflect an inherent
biological rhythmic process affecting element incorporation. Finally, the
large amount of short-term trace element variability unexplained by tidal
and daily rhythms highlights the dominance of aperiodic processes in mollusk
physiology and/or environmental conditions over shell composition at the
sub-daily scale. Future studies should aim to investigate whether this
remaining variability in shell chemistry reliably records weather patterns
or circulation changes in the animals' environment.
Impact of iron fertilisation on atmospheric CO2 during the last glaciation
Authors: Saini Himadri , Meissner Katrin J. , Menviel Laurie , Kvale Karin
Published: July 2023

Abstract. While several processes have been identified to explain the decrease in atmospheric CO2 during glaciations, a better quantification of the contribution of each of these processes is needed. For example, enhanced aeolian iron input into the ocean during glacial times has been suggested to drive a 5 to 28 ppm atmospheric CO2 decrease. Here, we constrain this contribution by performing a set of sensitivity experiments with different aeolian iron input patterns and iron solubility factors under boundary conditions corresponding to 70 000 years before present (70 ka), a time period characterised by the first observed peak in glacial dust flux. We show that the decrease in CO2 as a function of Southern Ocean iron input follows an exponential decay relationship. This exponential decay response arises due to the saturation of the biological pump efficiency and levels out at ∼21 ppm in our simulations. We show that the changes in atmospheric CO2 are more sensitive to the solubility of iron in the ocean than the regional distribution of the iron fluxes. If surface water iron solubility is considered constant through time, we find a CO2 drawdown of ∼4 to ∼8 ppm. However, there is evidence that iron solubility was higher during glacial times. A best estimate of solubility changing from 1 % during interglacials to 3 % to 5 % under glacial conditions yields a ∼9 to 11 ppm CO2 decrease at 70 ka, while a plausible range of CO2 drawdown between 4 to 16 ppm is obtained using the wider but possible range of 1 % to 10 %. This would account for ∼12 %–50 % of the reconstructed decrease in atmospheric CO2 (∼32 ppm) between 71 and 64 ka. We further find that in our simulations the decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentration is solely driven by iron fluxes south of the Antarctic polar front, while iron fertilisation elsewhere plays a negligible role.
Analytical and adaptable initial conditions for moist baroclinic waves in a global hydrostatic model
Authors: Bouvier Clément , van den Broek Daan , Ekblom Madeleine , Sinclair Victoria A.
Published: July 2023

Abstract. This article presents a description of an analytical, stable and flexible initial background state for moist baroclinic wave simulation on an aquaplanet in order to test dynamical core of numerical weather prediction models and study the dynamics and evolution of extra-tropical cyclones. The initial background state is derived from an analytical zonal wind speed field, or jet structure, and the hydrostatic primitive equations for moist adiabatic and frictionless flow in spherical coordinates. A baroclinic wave can develop only if a unbalanced perturbation is added to the zonal wind speed field. The implementation of this baroclinic wave simulation have been done on the Open Integrated Forecasting System (OpenIFS) cy43r3, a global numerical weather prediction model developed by the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts. In total, seven parameters can be used to control the generation of the initial background state and hence the development of the baroclinic waves in the OpenIFS configuration file: the jet's width, the jet's height, the maximum zonal mean wind speed of the jet, the horizontal mean of the surface virtual temperature, the surface relative humidity, the lapse rate and the surface roughness. Nine dry and nine moist initial background states have been generated to test their stability without perturbations. The meteorological stability of the initial state is investigated by examining the spatial distributions of the equivalent potential temperature, the absolute vorticity and the Brunt-Väisälä frequency. Moreover, the Root-Mean-Squared-Error (RMSE) of the zonal wind speed has been computed to assess their numerical stability. Finally, six of these moist initial initial background state have been used with an unbalanced perturbation to ensure that the baroclinic lifecycles developing are physically realistic. The resulting baroclinic wave is shown to be sensitive to the jet's width. This configuration for baroclinic wave simulations will be used to create large baroclinic lifecycles ensemble to study how extra-tropical cyclones may evolve in the future.
Large-scale automated emission measurement of individual vehicles with point sampling
Authors: Knoll Markus , Penz Martin , Juchem Hannes , Schmidt Christina , Pöhler Denis , Bergmann Alexander
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Currently, emissions from internal combustion vehicles are not properly monitored throughout their life cycle. In particular, a small share (< 20 %) of poorly maintained or tampered vehicles are responsible for the majority (60–90 %) of traffic-related emissions. Remote emission sensing (RES) is a method used for screening emissions from a large number of in-use vehicles. Commercial open-path RES systems are capable of providing emission factors for many gaseous compounds, but they are less accurate and reliable for particulate matter (PM). Point sampling (PS) is an extractive RES method where a portion of the exhaust is sampled and then analyzed. So far, PS studies have been conducted predominantly on a rather small scale and have mainly analyzed heavy duty vehicles (HDV), which have high exhaust flow rates. In this work, we present a comprehensive PS system that can be used for large-scale screening of PM and gas emissions, largely independent of the vehicle type. The developed data analysis framework is capable of processing data from 1,000s of vehicles. The core of the data analysis is our peak detection algorithm (TUG-PDA), which determines and separates emissions down to a spacing of just a few seconds between vehicles. We present a detailed evaluation of the main influencing factors on PS measurements by using about 100,000 vehicle records collected from several measurement locations, mainly in urban areas. We show the capability of the emission screening by providing real-world black carbon (BC), particle number (PN) and NOx emission trends for various vehicle categories such as diesel and petrol passenger cars or HDVs. Comparisons with open-path RES and PS studies show overall good agreement and demonstrate the applicability even for the latest Euro emission standards, where current open-path RES systems reach their limits.
Oxidative potential apportionment of atmospheric PM1: A new approach combining high-sensitive online analysers for chemical composition and offline OP measurement technique
Authors: Camman Julie , Chazeau Benjamin , Marchand Nicolas , Durand Amandine , Gille Grégory , Lanzi Ludovic , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc , Wortham Henri , Uzu Gaëlle
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Source apportionment models were widely used and/or atmospheric chemical processes. These technics are necessary to target the sources affecting air quality and to design effective mitigation strategies. More, the evaluation of the toxicity of airborne particulate matter gains interest as the PM concentrations classically measured appear insufficient to characterise the human health impact. Oxidative Potential (OP) measurement have recently been developed to quantify the PM capability to induce an oxidative imbalance in lungs. As a result, this measurement unit could be a better proxy than PM mass concentration to represent PM toxicity. In the present study, two source apportionment analyses were performed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) from organic aerosol (OA) mass spectra measured at 15 min time resolution using a Time of Flight-Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ToF-ACSM) and from 19 trace elements measured on an hour basis using an online metals analyser (Xact). The field measurements were carried out in summer 2018. While it is common to perform PMF studies individually on ACSM and more recently on Xact datasets, here we used a two-step methodology leading to a complete PM1 source apportionment. The outputs from both OA PMF and Xact PMF, the inorganic species concentrations from the ACSM and the black carbon (BC) fractions (fossil fuel and wood burning) measured using an Aethalometer (AE33) were gathered into a single dataset and subjected to a combined PMF analysis. In overall, 8 factors were identified, each of them corresponding to a more precise source than performing the previous single PMF analyses. The results show that besides the high contribution of secondary ammonium sulfate (28 %) and organic nitrate (19 %), about 50 % of PM1 were originated from combustion processes (traffic, shipping, industrial, cooking and biomass burning emissions). Simultaneously, PM1 filters were collected during the experimental period on a 4 hours sampling basis. On these filters, two acellular OP assays were measured (dithiothreitiol; OPDTT and ascorbic acid; OPAA) and an inversion method is applied on factors issued from all PMFs to assess contributions of the PM sources to the OP. This work highlights the sensitivity of OPAA toward industrial and dust resuspension sources and those of OPDTT toward secondary ammonium sulfate, shipping and biomass burning.