bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aging and the cross: Explorations in Deep Incarnation
Authors: Simmons Ernest L.
Published: September 2019

Aging is theologically explored in both creation and the cross through the concept of Deep Incarnation. As a partial extension of Martin Luther's thought, Deep Incarnation affirms God to be intimately involved in the natural processes of all biological creation, including aging, bringing solace, companionship, and hope to the elderly. God conceived as being both in the creation and beyond it (panentheism) allows for divine grace to relate to all creatures from the cellular level on up, including through evolutionary development. Employing the concept of compound theodicy, evolutionary theodicy is also briefly explored.
Influence of digital hypothermia on lamellar events related to IL‐6/gp130 signalling in equine sepsis‐related laminitis
Authors: Dern K. , Burns T. A. , Watts M. R. , van Eps A. W. , Belknap J. K.
Published: September 2019

Background

Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is consistently increased in the digital lamellae in different studies of sepsis‐related laminitis (SRL). IL‐6 signalling through the gp130 receptor activates similar signalling (i.e. mTORC1‐related signalling) previously reported to be activated in models of endocrinopathic laminitis.

Objectives

To assess the activation state of signalling proteins downstream of IL‐6/gp130 receptor complex activation in an experimental model of SRL.

Study design

Randomised experimental study.

Methods

Lamellar phospho‐(P) protein concentrations downstream of the IL‐6/gp130 receptors were assessed in the oligofructose (OF) model of SRL. Fifteen Standardbred horses were administered water (CON, n = 8) or oligofructose (OF, n = 7) via a nasogastric tube. At 12 h post‐OF/water administration, one randomly assigned forelimb was exposed to continuous digital hypothermia (CDH) by placement in ice water (ICE, maintained at <7°C); the other forelimb was maintained at ambient temperature (AMB). Lamellar tissue samples were collected after 24 h of CDH from both ICE and AMB forelimbs and immediately snap‐frozen. Lamellar proteins of interest were assessed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence.

Results

Immunoblotting revealed increase (P<0.05) in the phosphorylation states of Akt (Ser 473), RPS6 (Ser235/236), RPS6 (Ser240/244), STAT3 (Ser727) and STAT3 (Tyr705) in lamellar tissue from OF‐treated animals (AMB OF vs. AMB CON limbs); CDH resulted in decreased (P<0.05) lamellar concentrations of phosphorylated Akt, p70S6K, RPS6 (235/236), RPS6 (240/244) and STAT3 (S727) in OF‐treated animals (AMB OF vs. ICE OF). Immunofluorescence showed that activated/phosphorylated forms of RPS6 and STAT3 were primarily localised to lamellar epithelial cells.

Main limitations

The nature, sequence and timing of sub‐cellular events in this experimental model may differ from those that accompany naturally occurring sepsis.

Conclusions

There were increased lamellar concentrations of activated signalling proteins downstream of the IL‐6/Gp130 receptor complex in OF‐treated horses; CDH inhibited this activation for the majority of the proteins assessed. These results demonstrate similar lamellar signalling (e.g. mTORC1‐related signalling) and, therefore, possible therapeutic targets occurring in sepsis‐related laminitis as previously reported in models of endocrinopathic laminitis.
Family Functioning among Rural Teens and Caregivers: Interactive Influence on Teen Dating Violence
Authors: Sianko Natallia , Meçe Merita H. , Abazi‐Morina Linda
Published: September 2019

Multi‐informant assessment of family functioning is considered best practice in research and clinical settings. However, in the area of teen dating violence, multi‐informant assessment of family functioning has received limited attention. The current study investigated whether and to what extent caregiver and adolescent perceptions of family functioning interact in their influence on adolescent dating violence. Participants were 493 adolescents and their primary caregivers from a rural southeastern community in the United States. As hypothesized, a paired‐samples t test showed that adolescents’ scores on the family functioning measure were significantly lower than their caregivers’ scores. Logistic regressions revealed that adolescents’ positive views of family functioning were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of dating violence victimization but not perpetration and that caregivers’ views on family functioning moderated the impact of adolescent‐reported family functioning on both dating violence outcomes. Post hoc analyses showed that adolescents with negative perceptions of family environment were most likely to be victims and perpetrators of dating violence when their parents also reported more negative views of family environment. The article concludes with a discussion of how these findings can: (a) advance our understanding of the impact of family functioning on teen dating relationships and (b) inform practical efforts aimed at preventing dating aggression among teens.
Listening to Family Life After Serious Pediatric Injury: A Study of Four Cases
Authors: Mangelsdorf Shaminka N. , Conroy Rowena , Mehl Matthias R. , Norton Peter J. , Alisic Eva
Published: September 2019

Following a serious child injury, the entire family can be affected. Gaining an understanding of family support, interactions, and stress levels can help clinicians tailor treatment. Presently, these factors are assessed mainly via self‐reports and structured observations. We aimed to explore the value of naturalistic observation of postinjury parent–child interactions, in order to highlight how clinicians might use these data in their practice. Our qualitative study involved an in‐depth analysis of four cases from the Ear for Recovery project, against the backdrop of the larger sample's characteristics. Children who had been hospitalized with a serious injury wore the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR). Over a two‐day period postdischarge, the EAR recorded 30‐second audio “snippets” every 5 minutes. Families also completed self‐report measures on family functioning, child stress and social support, parent stress, optimism, and self‐efficacy. For each case, two coders independently used an ethnographic method, integrating self‐report measures, family and injury characteristics, audio recordings, and transcripts to mimic integration of information within clinical practice. The coders then reached consensus on the main themes for each case through discussion. Families showed substantial variation in their communication in terms of content, tone, and frequency, including moments of conflict, humor, and injury‐related conversations. We explored how these recorded interactions converged with and diverged from the self‐report data. The EAR provided an opportunity for rich descriptions of individual families’ communication and activities, yielding potential clinical information that may be otherwise difficult or impractical to obtain.
Trigeminal‐Targeted Treatments in Migraine: Is 60% the Magic Number?
Authors: Barbanti Piero , Egeo Gabriella , Mitsikostas Dimos D.
Published: September 2019

Trigeminal‐targeted treatments (TTTs), the most specific and selective therapeutic migraine approach to date, are effective in approximately 60% of patients regardless of treatment type or mechanism, at least if used alone. Sixty percent is also the proportion of migraineurs who develop migraine‐like episodes following experimental intravenous administration of trigeminal neuropeptides and roughly 60% is the percentage of patients with a unilateral migraine tracing the area of cutaneous distribution of the trigeminal ophthalmic branch. Hence, mechanisms other than the trigeminovascular activation are probably involved in the 40% of migraineurs who do not respond to TTTs. A closer cooperation between clinical and basic neuroscientists is needed to explore migraine models because only a careful appraisal of migraine endophenotypes may help to unravel their underlying multifaceted pathophysiological machinery.
RACE AND ANIMAL‐BREEDING: A HYBRIDIZED HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: ZELINGER AMIR
Published: September 2019

Because it associates animals with one of the most vital topics in human history, the historiography of the cross‐connections between race and animal‐breeding is at once controversial and inspiring. This article wishes to position this historiography in a more systematic framework than has been done thus far by examining both its merits and failings along with the more and less appropriate ways to write on the subject. The article identifies two main narratives in race–animal‐breeding historiography: the influence narrative and the projection narrative. The first reveals how perceptions of animal breeds and livestock‐breeding practices influenced the rise of racialist and eugenic worldviews. By contrast, the second shows how conceptualizations of human racial segregation contributed to the construction of ideas about the subdivision of domestic animal species into different breeds. The article argues that despite the projection narrative's inherent anthropomorphism, this perspective renders it possible to draft a nonanthropocentric history of the cross‐connections between race and animal‐breeding with a focus on human–animal relations rather than on human society.
LEVINAS, HISTORY, AND HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: Morgan Michael L.
Published: September 2019

In this book Anton Froeyman has provided us with a colorful and intriguing account of a Levinasian approach to historical inquiry and historical writing. In my discussion of his book I describe central features of his account and notice how he uses, to develop his view, recent developments in historiography—including the work of figures like Natalie Davis and Carlo Ginzburg, in philosophical thinking about history and historiography, and in various postmodern developments. I sketch central features of Levinas's ethical metaphysics and show that Froeyman's focus on Levinas's interest in our relations with other persons and in particular with their relative differences from us is too narrow. A proper understanding of our infinite responsibility to and for all others, as Levinas portrays it, leads to a broader account than the one Froeyman gives and one that enables us to understand with greater clarity how historiography fits into the Levinasian understanding of our temporal and interpersonal relations with others.
What Is Trans Philosophy?
Authors: Bettcher Talia Mae
Published: September 2019

In this article, I explore the question “What is trans philosophy?” by viewing trans philosophy as a contribution to the field of trans studies. This requires positioning the question vis à vis Judith Butler's notion of philosophy's Other (that is, the philosophical work done outside of the boundaries of professional philosophy), as trans studies has largely grown from this Other. It also requires taking seriously Susan Stryker's distinction between the mere study of trans phenomena and trans studies as the coming to academic voice of trans people. Finally, it requires thinking about the types of questions that emerge when philosophy is placed within a multidisciplinary context: (1) What does philosophy have to offer? (2) Given that philosophy typically does not use data, what grounds philosophical claims about the world? (3) What is the relation between philosophy and “the literature”? In attempting to answer these questions, I examine the notion of philosophical perplexity and the relation of philosophy to “the everyday.” Rather than guiding us to perplexity, I argue, trans philosophy attempts to illuminate trans experiences in an everyday that is confusing and hostile. Alternative socialities are required, I argue, in order to make trans philosophy possible.
Interference of lipemia in samples for routine coagulation testing using a Sysmex CS‐5100 coagulometer
Authors: Negrini Davide , Bernardi Daniela , Antonelli Giorgia , Plebani Mario
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Lipemia in samples can cause analytical errors in coagulation tests using photometric assays. To define the level of this interference, some studies assessed lipemic interferences by in vitro ‘spiking’ of different types of lipids obtaining interesting information, but spiked samples do not represent a real‐world situation as natively lipemic samples do.

Methods

A total of 101 samples flagged as ‘lipemic’ by a Sysmex CS‐5100 coagulometer were analyzed for PT, aPTT, fibrinogen Clauss assay, antithrombin activity, D‐dimer concentration, before and after a double high‐speed centrifugation procedure to reduce lipemic interference. We evaluated using Bland‐Altman test if high‐speed centrifugation and retesting are justified, considering that's a resource‐consuming procedure; when a statistically significant difference was found, quality specification for imprecision was considered and compared to the observed delta.

Results

Statistically significant differences were found for PT, antithrombin activity and fibrinogen. Considering the Bland‐Altman plot, fibrinogen results were split into two groups, and statistically significant difference was confirmed only for samples >2 g/L.

Conclusions

For PT and antithrombin activity a mean percentual difference between the two determinations lower than within‐subject biologic variation and one of the Fraser's quality specifications can be considered as a confounding ‘noise’ factor that is neither analytically nor clinically relevant. If the instrument determines a result on the first run, for PT, aPTT, D‐dimer concentration and antithrombin activity tests, the double plasma high‐speed centrifugation is unnecessary. It is instead necessary if fibrinogen >2 g/L or if the instrument cannot determine a result on the first run.
Challenges of expedition medicine in Antarctica
Authors: Ting Joseph
Published: September 2019

Expedition medicine in Antarctica requires a broad spectrum of clinical competencies ranging from resuscitation medicine and trauma care to treating minor illness, safety awareness and safety induction. It remains a challenging environment to practise as a single unassisted physician is required to assess, acutely treat (medications, procedures) and complete follow‐up consultation.
The cost of repetitive laboratory testing for chronic disease
Authors: Ko Stephanie Q. , Quah Pipetius , Lahiri Manjari
Published: September 2019

Interval laboratory investigations are necessary for monitoring chronic diseases. However, testing too frequently may not be beneficial clinically and can be considered low‐value care. We examined the frequency of glycosylated haemoglobin, lipids, iron panels (serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, iron binding) thyroid function (free T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone) and 25‐OH vitamin D tests in a 1290‐bed tertiary hospital in Singapore. All tests done over a 20‐month period (January 2016 to August 2017) were retrieved from the laboratory database. Of the 275 565 tests done for 115 971 patients, 5.2% were repeat tests done at intervals shorter than the minimum retesting interval, as defined by the Royal College of Pathologist and Irish Guidelines on the Use of the Laboratory. Using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule, we estimated a cost burden of US$222 096 per year. Strategies to reduce unnecessary repetitive testing can result in significant cost savings.
Inpatient healthcare‐associated bloodstream infections in older people
Authors: Hanger H. Carl , Bloor Michelle
Published: September 2019

This retrospective study describes inpatient healthcare‐associated bloodstream infections (HABSI) in older adults and explores whether urinary catheters (presence/insertion/removal) were related to HABSI events. One hundred and sixty‐seven HABSI events were identified, predominantly (124, 74%) with Gram‐negative bacteria. HABSI was attributed to a urinary source in 110 patients (66%), with over half (63, 57%) of these associated with urinary catheters. Catheter‐associated HABSI may be avoidable and potential preventative strategies are discussed.
Forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a mediates interferon‐γ‐induced MHC II transcription in macrophages
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Fan Zhiwen , Chen Ming , Chen Yi , Rong Danyan , Cui Zhiwei , Yuan Yibiao , Zhuo Lili , Xu Yong
Published: September 2019

Macrophages are professional antigen‐presenting cells relying on the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) genes. Interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) activates MHC II transcription via the assembly of an enhanceosome centred on class II trans‐activator (CIITA). In the present study, we investigated the role of the forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a in IFN‐ γ‐induced MHC II transcription in macrophages. Knockdown of FOXO3a, but not FOXO1 or FOXO4, diminished IFN‐γ‐induced MHC II expression in RAW cells. On the contrary, over‐expression of FOXO3a, but neither FOXO1 nor FOXO4, enhanced CIITA‐mediated trans‐activation of the MHC II promoter. IFN‐γ treatment promoted the recruitment of FOXO3a to the MHC II promoter. Co‐immunoprecipitation and RE‐ChIP assays showed that FOXO3a was a component of the MHC II enhanceosome forming interactions with CIITA, RFX5, RFXB and RFXAP. FOXO3a contributed to MHC II transcription by altering histone modifications surrounding the MHC II promoter. Of interest, FOXO3a was recruited to the type IV CIITA promoter and directly activated CIITA transcription by interacting with signal transducer of activation and transcription 1 in response to IFN‐γ stimulation. In conclusion, our data unveil a novel role for FOXO3a in the regulation of MHC II transcription in macrophages.
How Nordic is the Nordic model?
Authors: Bradshaw J. , Terum L. I.
Published: September 2019

The Nordic countries are often perceived as representing a special type of welfare state. In this article we focus on arrangements directed towards poor and marginalized people, which in most countries are social assistance schemes. By comparing four dimensions of these arrangements in 24 countries, the salience, the level of benefit, institutional design and poverty alleviation, this article concludes that that it is difficult to distinguish a particular Nordic approach for two reasons. First, there is substantial variation within the Nordic countries; second, the Nordic countries display similarities with some countries outside Scandinavia. Therefore, the article concludes by identifying an approach towards poor and marginalized people that is common in small, communitarian, affluent and homogeneous countries.
THE TOKEN ECONOMY IN THE NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS
Authors: Presly A. S. , Black D. , Gray A. , Hartie A. , Seymour E.
Published: September 2019

The effects after 1 year of the introduction of a token economy system into a long‐term male psychiatric ward of 45 mainly schizophrenic patients are described. The main objectives were (1) to define the limits of such programmes in “average” National Health Service conditions, where additional resources in staff, finance, and facilities are very limited and (2) to introduce the principles and techniques of behaviour modification to nursing staff. The programme succeeded in reducing social withdrawal and apathy and in increasing self‐care skills and involvement in constructive activity. There was no change in the level of socially embarrassing behaviour. The major limitation affecting the maintenance of the programme was found to be the rapid turnover and unpredictable changes in nursing staff. It was concluded that such programmes are feasible with very little in the way of increased resources, and that such efforts will continue to be necessary in view of the existing large numbers of long‐term patients and the slow but significant accumulation of new patients.
FREQUENCY OF MENTAL DISORDERS IN OLD AGE
Authors: Gunner‐Svensson F. , Jensen K.
Published: September 2019

Due to the increase in the number of old people, diseases of old age have acquired more and more importance. In estimating the need for psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes, epidemiological investigations are necessary. Only relatively few population investigations of the old‐age population have been carried out, and most of these have been carried out in countries in Northern Europe, which are closely related culturally and socially.

In the present paper nine investigations are described in relation to certain central factors which include the purpose of the investigation, description of the population, selection of probands, the statistical concepts used, the collection of data, and the main results. Seven of the investigations give results in the form of prevalence, two investigations calculate incidence and morbidity risk.

It is concluded that comparison of the various results is difficult as most of the authors have not intended their investigations for mutual comparison. It is clear that there are many dissimilarities in the milieus involved, in the methods used, in the prerequisites of the interviewers and assessors, and in the classification of the results.

The investigations presented have been used for evaluation of prognosis and planning of care for the old‐age population. It must be said that an investigation is an expression of local truth and as such often usable in local planning, but on the other hand it is not often possible to utilize results from investigations carried out in outside regions for more than a rough basis for local prognosis and local planning. It must therefore be stressed that in future investigations more standardized methods and better correlated descriptions are necessary.
EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM SENILE DEMENTIA: A COMPARISON WITH CHILDREN
Authors: Jonsson C.‐O. , Edin P. , Söderberg S. , Waldton S.
Published: September 2019

Thirty‐seven patients with the diagnosis of senile dementia and 70 children aged 6 months to 4 years were observed in three tasks that stimulated exploratory behavior. The subjects were rated according to the frequencies of certain forms of behavior in 52 variables.

It was assumed that certain behavior would be more frequent among children in specific age periods and for that reason a factor analysis of the children's behavior would generate factors characterizing clusters of behavior typical for certain periods.

The factor analyses of the children's behavior yielded three factors, which were interpreted as an oral factor, a factor characterizing interest in three‐dimensional relationships, and a factor regarding goal‐directed manipulation.

Indices of the three factors demonstrated that the oral factor had a very high frequency in the infants 6‐11 months old; after that age it decreased steeply and disappeared at about 2 years of age. Activities involving three‐dimensional relationships and goal‐directed manipulation were scarcely displayed in the youngest infants but appeared at about 12 months. Both modes of exploratory behavior tended to disappear before the age of 4.

Analyses were carried out to see if the behavior of the patients yielded similar factors, and to see if the distributions of the factor indices for the group of patients, when broken down according to the degree of mental deterioration, had forms similar to the distributions for the children in the different age groups.

Similar factors were obtained for the patients, but the structures were less clear and less meaningful than those obtained for the children.

The forms of the distributions of factor indices over the degree of mental deterioration were similar to the distributions over the age groups for the children.

Motor activity was reduced among more deteriorated patients.

When explaining the childlike strategies in the exploratory behavior of the demented patients, it was hypothesized that, due to deficient memory, the patients had to manipulate the objects to find their qualities. This exploratory behavior was more or less advanced and flexible depending on the degree of mental deterioration. However, possible negative effects of high anxiety and high social inhibition were also touched upon.
The impact of densification on indentation fracture toughness measurements
Authors: Gross Timothy M. , Liu Hongshen , Zhai Yue , Huang Liping , Wu Jingshi
Published: September 2019

The fracture toughness was measured by the Vickers indentation method and by chevron notch for a series of xCaO‐xAl2O3‐(100 − 2x)SiO2 glasses. As the silica content was increased, the fixed ξ value Vickers indentation fracture toughness (IFT) values increased, while the chevron notch values decreased. Glasses with higher silica contents deform with more densification and less shear when indented with a Vickers tip, thus resulting in reduced residual stress in the region surrounding the indent. The reduction in residual stress for high silica glasses results in less median/radial crack extension and unreasonably high Vickers IFT values. This indicates that a fixed ξ value of 0.016 is not appropriate for the glasses in this series. By repeating the IFT method with a sharper 110° four‐sided pyramidal diamond indenter, it is demonstrated that indentation toughness and chevron notch toughness values now trend in the same direction and are in good agreement with a fixed ξ value of 0.0297. With the sharper indenter tip, the densification component to the deformation is substantially reduced for all glass types such that it no longer has such a prominent influence on the residual stress field. This result suggests that a fixed ξ value IFT method may be appropriate for all glass types if a sharper indenter tip is substituted in the place of the Vickers tip.
Repetitive disclosures in the MD&A
Authors: Li Heather
Published: September 2019

This study is the first to empirically analyze repetitive disclosures in the Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) section of the 10‐K filing. Repetitive disclosures refer to the extent that content in the MD&A is repeated from the audited financial statement notes. I empirically analyze repetitive disclosures in the MD&A section of the 10‐K filing, and find that firms tend to use more repetitive disclosures when firms have a new CEO, a high level of new disclosures in the notes, issued equity, and have missed the prior year's earnings benchmark. These findings suggest that not all managers use repetitive disclosures to simply obfuscate disclosures. Rather, some managers use repetitive disclosures to emphasize firm‐specific events, consistent with the succession hypothesis. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) states that repetitive disclosures are uninformative and that such disclosures decrease the informativeness of other disclosures in the MD&A. Casting doubt on the SEC's comments, in my primary analyses, I find that repetitive disclosures are informative to investors; this result is stronger for individual investors. Overall, my results suggest that repetitive disclosures are informative, and such disclosures may be effective tools for providing information to investors.
Detection and analysis of genome‐wide copy number variation in the pig genome using an 80 K SNP Beadchip
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Tingrong , Wang Chuduan
Published: September 2019

Copy number variation (CNV) is an important source of genetic variability in human or animal genomes and play key roles in phenotypic diversity and disease susceptibility. In the present study, we performed a genome‐wide analysis for CNV detection using SNP genotyping data of 857 Large White pigs. A total of 312 CNV regions (CNVRs) were detected with the PennCNV algorithm, which covered 57.76 Mb of the pig genome and correspond to 2.36% of the genome sequence. The length of the CNVRs on autosomes ranged from 1.77 Kb to 1.76 Mb with an average of 185.11 Kb. Of these, 220 completely or partially overlapped with 1,092 annotated genes, which enriched a wide variety of biological processes. Comparisons with previously reported pig CNVR revealed 92 (29.49%) novel CNVRs. Experimentally, 80% of CNVRs selected randomly were validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). We also performed an association analysis between some of the CNVRs and reproductive traits, with results demonstrating the potential importance of CNVR61 and CNVR283 associated with litter sizes. Notably, the GPER1 gene located in CNVR61 plays a key role in reproduction. Our study is an important complement to the CNV map in the pig genome and provides valuable information for investigating the association between genomic variation and economic traits.
Sigma‐1 receptor protects against ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Bai Tao , Lei Pengxu , Zhou Hao , Liang Ruopeng , Zhu Rongtao , Wang Weijie , Zhou Lin , Sun Yuling
Published: September 2019

Sigma‐1 receptor (S1R) regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation via nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2), which plays a vital role in ferroptosis. Sorafenib is a strong inducer of ferroptosis but not of apoptosis. However, the mechanism of sorafenib‐induced ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we found for the first time that sorafenib induced most of S1Rs away from nucleus compared to control groups in Huh‐7 cells, and ferrostatin‐1 completely blocked the translocation. S1R protein expression, but not mRNA expression, in HCC cells was significantly up‐regulated by sorafenib. Knockdown of NRF2, but not of p53 or hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF1α), markedly induced S1R mRNA expression in HCC cells. Inhibition of S1R (by RNAi or antagonists) increased sorafenib‐induced HCC cell death in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of S1R blocked the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), one of the core targets of ferroptosis, in vitro and in vivo. Iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation increased in the S1R knockdown groups treated with sorafenib compared to the control counterpart. Ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) and transferrin receotor protein 1 (TFR1), both of which are critical for iron metabolism, were markedly up‐regulated in HCC cells treated with erastin and sorafenib, whereas knockdown of S1R inhibited these increases. In conclusion, we demonstrate that S1R protects HCC cells against sorafenib and subsequent ferroptosis. A better understanding of the role of S1R in ferroptosis may provide novel insight into this biological process.
Protective role of p120‐catenin on mitochondria by inhibiting NLRP3 in ventilator‐induced lung injury
Authors: Liu Ge , Gu Changping , Liu Mengjie , Liu Huan , Wang Dong , Liu Xiaobin , Wang Yuelan
Published: September 2019

Mitochondria supply energy to maintain the integrity of cell junctions. NLRP3, as the core component of the inflammatory response, is crucial in mechanical stretching. Mechanical stretching could activate NLRP3 and induce mitochondrial dysfunction. The relationship between p120 and mitochondria in ventilator‐induced lung injury (VILI) has not been elucidated. MLE‐12 cells and wild‐type male C57BL/6 mice were pre‐treated with MCC950 (specific and highly efficient inhibitor of NLRP3) or a p120 siRNA‐liposome complex. Then, the cells were subjected to 20% cyclic stretching, and the mice were subjected to mechanical ventilation at a high tidal volume. Cell lysates and lung tissues were obtained to detect the expression of NLRP3, p120, TLR4 pathway components, IL‐6 and IL‐1β, to determine the functions and structures of mitochondria, and the wet/dry ratio of the lung, and to perform pathological staining and an Evans blue dye assay. Mechanical stretching could increase the levels of NLRP3, ROS and damaged mitochondria, while these changes could be reversed by MCC950. Moreover, p120 prevented the activation of NLRP3 and regulated NLRP3 by inhibiting the TLR4 pathway and ROS production. Additionally, p120 played a vital role in protecting mitochondrial structures and functions after mechanical stretching. Taken together, these findings suggest that p120 depletion during mechanical stretching aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction by activating NLRP3, which indicates that p120 has a protective role on mitochondria in VILI by inhibiting NLRP3 activation.
Pristimerin attenuates cell proliferation of uveal melanoma cells by inhibiting insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor and its downstream pathways
Authors: Xie Xinshu , Xie Saisai , Xie Changying , Fang Yuanying , Li Zhifeng , Wang Rikang , Jiang Wei
Published: September 2019

Uveal melanoma (UM) has a high mortality rate due to liver metastasis. The insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) is highly expressed in UM and has been shown to be associated with hepatic metastases. Targeting IGF signalling may be considered as a promising approach to inhibit the process of metastatic UM cells. Pristimerin (PRI) has been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of several cancer cells, but its role and underlying mechanisms in the IGF‐1‐induced UM cell proliferation are largely unknown. The present study examined the anti‐proliferative effect of PRI on UM cells and its possible role in IGF‐1R signalling transduction. MTT and clonogenic assays were used to determine the role of PRI in the proliferation of UM cells. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the effect of PRI on the cell cycle distribution of UM cells. Western blotting was carried out to assess the effects of PRI and IGF‐1 on the IGF‐1R phosphorylation and its downstream targets. The results indicated that IGF‐1 promoted the UM cell proliferation and improved the level of IGF‐1R phosphorylation, whereas PRI attenuated the effect of IGF‐1. Interestingly, PRI could not only induce the G1 phase accumulation and reduce the G2 phase induced by IGF‐1, but also could stimulate the expression of p21 and inhibit the expression of cyclin D1. Besides, PRI could attenuate the phosphorylations of Akt, mTOR and ERK1/2 induced by IGF‐1. Furthermore, the molecular docking study also demonstrated that PRI had potential inhibitory effects on IGF‐1R. Taken together, these results indicated that PRI could inhibit the proliferation of UM cells through down‐regulation of phosphorylated IGF‐1R and its downstream signalling.
General surgical patients’ experience of hospital discharge education: A qualitative study
Authors: Kang Evelyn , Gillespie Brigid M. , Tobiano Georgia , Chaboyer Wendy
Published: September 2019

Aims and objectives

To explore adult general surgical patients’ perceptions of, and satisfaction with, discharge education provided by healthcare providers.

Background

Discharge education is essential for general surgical patients as it equips them with the required knowledge and skills to engage in their care after discharge. Insufficient knowledge to self‐manage or assess their symptoms can result in postdischarge complications, unplanned hospital readmission and overall dissatisfaction with the hospital experience.

Design

A constructivist‐interpretivist paradigm using qualitative interviews.

Methods

Telephone interviews were conducted with 13 patients between August 2018 and November 2018 and analysed using inductive content analysis. COREQ guidelines were adopted for the conduct and reporting of the study.

Results

Four themes were uncovered: (a) The quality of discharge information influences patients’ postdischarge experience; (b) The negative impact of contextual influences on delivery of discharge education; (c) Patients actively participating in their surgical journey; (d) Patients’ preferences with the delivery of discharge education.

Conclusion

Inadequate discharge education leads to patients’ inability to self‐manage their recovery process. Information sharing with patients fosters shared understanding towards goals and expectations.

Relevance to clinical practice

Understanding patients’ view may inform the design of patient‐centred discharge education interventions for patients to self‐manage their recovery postdischarge.
Examining the National Core Indicators' Potential to Monitor Rights of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities According to the CRPD
Authors: Houseworth James , Stancliffe Roger J. , Tichá Renáta
Published: September 2019

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) aims to change attitudes and policies toward individuals with disabilities worldwide and to foster the inclusion and independence of persons with disabilities in society. The current study was designed to assess empirically the extent to which people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) exercise certain rights in the United States using the National Core Indicators Adult Consumer Survey (NCI‐ACS), particularly to see if items could be scaled to measure certain CRPD articles reliably. An additional aim was to assess the impact of guardianship on the rights of individuals with IDD. NCI‐ACS data were analyzed employing factor analysis, multiple analysis of variance, and regression modeling. These approaches allowed us to assess the relationship between guardianship and rights controlling for known covariates (such as level of ID) on outcomes. Results indicate that the NCI‐ACS contains several items with sound psychometric properties that can assist in measuring certain rights of people with disabilities according to CRPD. Specifically, employment and budgetary agency appear to be areas of rights outlined by the CRPD that the NCI‐ACS can help measure. Finally, the results indicated that people who have an appointed legal guardian are less likely to be employed and to have less social privacy. This study indicates the NCI‐ACS has the potential to measure access to CRPD rights, such as employment and budgetary agency, by people with IDD. More work is needed to evaluate additional promising measures of a wider range of CRPD articles. Alternatives to guardianship need to be examined in order to increase the opportunities for people with IDD to exercise their rights.
A Southern Ocean archipelago enhances feeding opportunities for a krill predator
Authors: Harrison Lisa‐Marie K. , Goetz Kimberly , Cox Martin J. , Harcourt Robert
Published: September 2019

Productivity in the oceans is heightened around oceanographic and bathymetric features such as fronts and islands. This can have a flow‐on effect, providing increased food availability for higher trophic level species. Using data from a 5‐day combined visual and acoustic survey, we examined the hypothesis that higher Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) density provides a lucrative resource for humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) at a remote Antarctic feeding area, the Balleny Islands (67oS, 164°E). We assessed whale presence at the feeding area in relation to prey (krill), productivity and environmental variables using density surface modeling. We found stark differences between krill swarms near the islands and those in adjacent open water. Swarms were twice as dense and three times more numerous near the Balleny Islands compared to an open water pelagic environment, suggesting that the islands offered a profitable feeding opportunity. At the feeding area, whales were found in deeper and more productive waters with medium krill densities. These relationships, along with the high krill availability around the islands, may be the result of the Island Mass Effect.
Effects of mechanobiological signaling in bone marrow on skeletal health
Authors: Curtis Kimberly J. , Oberman Alyssa G. , Niebur Glen L.
Published: September 2019

Bone marrow is a cellular tissue that forms within the pore space and hollow diaphysis of bones. As a tissue, its primary function is to support the hematopoietic progenitor cells that maintain the populations of both erythroid and myeloid lineage cells in the bone marrow, making it an essential element of normal mammalian physiology. However, bone's primary function is load bearing, and deformations induced by external forces are transmitted to the encapsulated marrow. Understanding the effects of these mechanical inputs on marrow function and adaptation requires knowledge of the material behavior of the marrow at multiple scales, the loads that are applied, and the mechanobiology of the cells. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of each of these factors. Characterization of the marrow mechanical environment and its role in skeletal health and other marrow functions remains incomplete, but research on the topic is increasing, driven by interest in skeletal adaptation and the mechanobiology of cancer metastasis.
Genetic mapping of quantitative trait locus for the leaf morphological traits in a recombinant inbred line population by ultra‐high–density maps across multi‐environments of maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Zhang Kuangye , Lv Xiangling , Li Fenghai , Wang Jia , Yu Hongwei , Li Jianbo , Du Wanli , Diao Yulin , Wang Jiaxu , Weng Jianfeng
Published: September 2019

Leaf is the main organ of photosynthetic reaction of plants. Studying the genetic mechanism that affects the leaf shape is very important for the improvement of maize production. In this study, a RIL population, derived from a cross between Ye478 and Qi319, was planted in four different environments, and six leaf morphological traits were measured, including the leaf angle of first leaf above ear, the leaf angle of first leaf below ear, leaf orientation value, leaf area of first leaf above ear, leaf area of ear and leaf area of first leaf below ear. By combining with a genetic map containing 4,602 bin markers, 39 QTLs associated with leaf morphological traits were identified. Among them, four QTLs explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variance, and the QTL qLOV8‐2 which controlled LOV not only had a phenotypic contribution rate of 13.86% but also was detected in four environments, which could be considered as a stable major QTL. These results provide useful information for understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling maize leaf morphological traits.
A new resistance gene to PepYMV (Pepper yellow mosaic virus) in Capsicum annuum L.
Authors: Rezende Jéssica Figueiredo , Leite Monik Evelin , Nogueira Douglas Willian , Nogueira Danilo Gustavo , Silva Alex Antonio da , Maluf Wilson Roberto
Published: September 2019

Pvr4 locus, commonly associated with a co‐dominant CAPS marker, confers monogenic dominant resistance to potyvirus complex in Capsicum spp. Aiming to investigate whether the resistance found in resistant genotypes not bearing Pvr4 marker is due to allelism in the Pvr4 locus, or due to a new locus of the pvr series, segregation analyses of an F2 population obtained from a cross between two pepper lines “Myr‐29‐10” (P1) (resistant to PepYMV, showing a single band of 444 bp, Pvr4/Pvr4) and “PIM‐025” (P2) (resistant to PepYMV, showing a single band of 458 bp, Pvr4+/Pvr4+) were performed. According to the results, there is strong evidence that the locus controlling PepYMV resistance in PIM‐025 (P2) is not Pvr4. These results provide evidence that those resistant genotypes, bearing a susceptible band pattern in the Pvr4 locus (458 bp, Pvr4+/Pvr4+), carry a different gene from those described in the literature up to the present time.
Ancient wheat varieties have a higher ability to interact with plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria
Authors: Valente Jordan , Gerin Florence , Le Gouis Jacques , Moënne‐Loccoz Yvan , Prigent–Combaret Claire
Published: September 2019

Plant interactions with plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are highly dependent on plant genotype. Modern plant breeding has largely sought to improve crop performance but with little focus on the optimization of plant × PGPR interactions. The interactions of the model PGPR strain Pseudomonas kilonensis F113 were therefore compared in 199 ancient and modern wheat genotypes. A reporter system, in which F113 colonization and expression of 2,4‐diacetylphloroglucinol biosynthetic genes (phl) were measured on roots was used to quantify F113 × wheat interactions under gnotobiotic conditions. Thereafter, eight wheat accessions that differed in their ability to interact with F113 were inoculated with F113 and grown in greenhouse in the absence or presence of stress. F113 colonization was linked to improved stress tolerance. Moreover, F113 colonization and phl expression were higher overall on ancient genotypes than modern genotypes. F113 colonization improved wheat performance in the four genotypes that showed the highest level of phl expression compared with the four genotypes in which phl expression was lowest. Taken together, these data suggest that recent wheat breeding strategies have had a negative impact on the ability of the plants to interact with PGPR.
A Davey–Stewartson description of two‐dimensional solitons in nonlocal media
Authors: Ioannou‐Sougleridis Ioannis , Frantzeskakis Dimitrios J. , Horikis Theodoros P.
Published: September 2019

Novel soliton solutions of a two‐dimensional (2D) nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) system are revealed by asymptotically reducing the system to a completely integrable Davey–Stewartson (DS) set of equations. In so doing, the reductive perturbation method in addition to a multiple scales scheme are utilized to derive both the DS‐I and DS‐II systems, depending on the strength of the nonlocality, which in turn, may be regarded here as a measure of the surface tension. As such, two different soliton solutions are obtained: the breather and dromion solutions in the case of DS‐I (weak nonlocality), as well as lump solutions in the case of DS‐II (strong nonlocality). Besides their immediate mathematical importance, our results find a wide range of applications due the high applicability of the relative nonlocal NLS (optics, plasmas, liquid crystals, and thermal media in the strong nonlocality regime, etc.) and hence these structures can also be realized experimentally in various physical setting.
Power at a distance: Organizational power across boundaries
Authors: Bartley Tim , Soener Matthew , Gershenson Carl
Published: September 2019

Organizational approaches can help to make sense of social phenomena, including inequality, politics, and culture. This is partly because large organizations exercise great power, both over employees and in their external environments. Revising Charles Perrow's classic account of the “society of organizations” in the 20th century, we argue that the organizational landscape has changed. There has been a dis‐embedding of individuals from organizations that contrasts with Perrow's idea of individuals being “absorbed” by organizations. Despite this hollowing out, there is a persistence of concentrated economic power or “concentration without centralization.” Organizational power in this landscape is increasingly exercised at a distance, not only geographically but also in the sense of moving across organizational boundaries and through technologies of valuation. Three bodies of research exemplify different types of power at a distance. (a) Research on global production networks shows how power travels across geographic and network distances. (b) Research on financialization and its consequences shows how power is mediated by frames and metrics. (c) Emerging research on big data and Artificial Intelligence shows how power is encoded into seemingly neutral technologies and made to seem inevitable. This work helps to update the sociology of organizations and opens up new research questions.