bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Directional stability of an agricultural tractor
Authors: Troyanovskaya Irina , Zhakov A. , Grebenshchikova O. , Voinash S. , Timofeev E.
Published: April 2021

The discrepancy between the plow width and the tractor width leads to the asymmetry of plowing units. The geometry of the plowshare surface of the moldboard plow contributes to the generation of lateral forces on the working tool. All this leads to the imbalance of the tool and the deviation of the tractor from straight-line movement during plowing. To maintain straight-line movement, the driver has to adjust the machine every 5-10 meters, which is highly tiresome. To study the causes of lateral slips of the plowing unit, we constructed a mathematical model, which consists of the equations of controlled movement and equations of the tractor's uncontrolled shear under the action of external forces from the plow. The description of the force interaction of the drive with the ground is based on the mathematical theory of friction, taking into account anisotropy and elastic properties in contact. Based on the passive shear model, we constructed a hodograph diagram of the maximum tractor shear force from the side of the working tool. We found that the shear force reaches its maximum friction value only in the case of a translational shear, when its line of action passes through the tractor's center of gravity. In all other cases, the shift (slip) of the tractor is caused by a lower force. We formulated the features and assumptions of the model as applied to caterpillar and wheeled tractors. As a result, we found that, regardless of the direction of the lateral displacement of the plow's traction resistance, the tractor is slipped towards the plowed field. The result of the numerical experiment showed that the main reason for the slip of the wheeled plowing unit is the difference in soils along the sides of the tractor but not the deviation of the plow traction resistance.
Kuwaiti Shia as a lever of balance for the ruling family of Kuwait
Authors: Agha-Mohammadi Morteza , Masjed Jamei
Published: April 2021

Kuwait is an exceptional country among the sheikhdoms, and its Shia also has special status compared to the Shia of neighboring countries. The present study, based on the theory of "weak state" and using descriptive-analytical method, examines the unique position of Shia in the equations of the ruling family to maintain power. The main question of this research is what effect the presence of Shia in Kuwait has on the survival of the Al-Sabah family. Given this question, the research hypothesis is that Shia, especially after 1990, has played the role of a lever of balance, and if they had not been in Kuwait, Al-Sabah dynasty would most likely have faced a destructive crisis putting their survival at severe risk. The results of the study show that the rulers of Kuwait use the social classifications of the country, sometimes by approaching the Shia and sometimes by expressing hostility towards them to prevent their own decline. In this way, they have been able to overcome major crisis, although they lose the integrity of society. This study helps to understand the situation of the Shia in Kuwait and to adopt an appropriate approach towards the Kuwaiti government and its Shia.
Islamic culture in the Balkans: Emphasizing Alawites' role in the development of the Balkans
Authors: Ghorbanpour Delavar , Abul Hasan
Published: April 2021

Islamic culture and civilization have a history of more than thousand years in the Balkans. Verifying the historical background of the arrival of Islam and Islamic currents in the Balkans, recognition of ethnicities and races, analysis of the situation and position of Muslims in the region, evaluation of new developments in the Balkans, study and recognition of socio-cultural and religious challenges in the Balkans, opportunities and threats in the field of culture and science in the region and other issues are important points that must be noticed in this research in order to be utilized for the expansion of Islamic culture and renovation of Islamic civilization in the Balkans. This paper is trying to answer the following questions: What is the background of Islamic culture and civilization in the Balkans and what were the factors of its development? The findings of the research are based on descriptive-analytic, library studies and field observations which show the particular position of Islamic culture and its role in the civilization of the region in the past and present.
Perspectives on LNG competitiveness: An overview of the EU market
Authors: Obrenović Strahinja
Published: April 2021

In this paper we research the development and competitiveness of the LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) market in the European Union, especially in its member states located in west and south of Europe. First, we analyze legal and regulatory framework at the EU level, under which LNG terminals and facilities operate. In addition to content analysis, we also compare trends in the European LNG market with trends in other regions, especially in the Asian LNG market. The result of the research highlights the changed structure of the EU's gas market, characterized by larger imports of liquefied natural gas, especially since the end of 2018, as well as increased number of terminals and capacities for receiving liquefied gas. However, the growth in the share of liquefied gas in total import was not linear in the previous years. As a part of the discussion we examine three possible scenarios regarding the future of LNG market in the European Union, and we conclude that the perspective of LNG in the market will primarly depend on price competitiveness comparing it to pipeline gas transport.
A new Method for the Prediction of the Side Force on Keel and Rudder of a Sailing Yacht based on the Results of the Delft Systematic Yacht Hull Series
Authors: Keuning J. A. , Verwerft B.
Published: April 2021

Since the first introduction of an expression for the assessment of the side force production of a sailing yacht as function of leeway and heel, based on the results of the Delft Systematic Yacht Hull Series, in 1981, considerable changes in appendage layouts and planforms have taken place. The side force production as function of the leeway and heel played only a very limited role in the present VPP calculations and remained therefore for many years somewhat undervalued. The last years more attention has been paid to the subject in particular caused by the necessity to asses the yaw balance of (large) sailing yachts and the introduction of maneuvering models for yachts under sail. This report shows the developments and presents a new assessment model which yields far better results for a large variety of appendages. The results of this study are presented in the present paper.
Upwind Sail Performance Prediction for a VPP including “Flying Shape” Analysis
Authors: Maskew Brian , DeBord Frank
Published: April 2021

A coupled aerodynamic/structures approach is presented for predicting the flying shape and performance of yacht sails in upwind conditions. The method is incorporated in a flow simulation computer program, and is part of an ultimate objective for a simultaneous aeroelastic/hydro analysis in a Dynamic Velocity Prediction Program (DVPP), that will include a 6DOF motion solver, and at some point could include calculations in waves. The time-stepping aerodynamic module uses an advanced vortex lattice method for the sails and a panel method with special base separation treatment to represent the abovewater part of the hull and mast. A coupled inverse boundary layer analysis is applied on all surfaces including both sides of each sail membrane; this computes the skinfriction drag and the source displacement effects of the boundary layers and wakes, including bubble and leeside “trailing-edge” type separations. .

At each step, the computed aerodynamic pressure and skin-friction loads are transferred to a coupled structures module that uses a network grid of tension “cords” in each sail membrane, each cord representing a collection of fiber “strings”. The solution of a structural equilibrium matrix provides the displacements needed to achieve balance between the aerodynamic and tension loads at each grid point as the shape iterations proceed.

Details of the methodology used are presented and comparisons of predicted aerodynamic forces to wind tunnel results and an existing VPP sail model are provided. In addition, predictions are compared to some simple experiments to demonstrate the aerodynamic/structural coupling necessary to predict flying shape. Finally, an outline is given for incorporation of this methodology into the planned Dynamic Velocity Prediction Program.
Tacking in the Wind Tunnel
Authors: Gerhardt Frederik C. , Le Pelley David , Flay Richard G. J. , Richards Peter
Published: April 2021

In recent years a number of Dynamic Velocity Prediction Programs (DVPPs), which allow studying the behaviour of a yacht while tacking, have been developed. The aerodynamic models used in DVPPs usually suffer from a lack of available data on the behaviour of the sail forces at very low apparent wind angles where the sails are flogging. In this paper measured aerodynamic force and moment coefficients for apparent wind angles between 0° and 30° are presented. Tests were carried out in the University of Auckland’s Twisted Flow Wind Tunnel in a quasi-steady manner for stepwise changes of the apparent wind angle. Test results for different tacking scenarios (genoa flogging or backed) are presented and discussed and it is found that a backed headsail does not necessarily produce more drag than a flogging headsail but increases the beneficial yawing moment significantly. The quasisteady approach used in the wind tunnel tests does not account for unsteady effects like the aerodynamic inertia in roll due to the “added mass” of the sails. In the second part of paper the added mass moment of inertia of a mainsail is estimated by “strip theory” and found to be significant. Using expressions from the literature the order of magnitude of three-dimensional effects neglected in strip theory is then assessed. To further quantify the added inertia experiments with a mainsail model were carried out. Results from those tests are presented at the end of the paper and indicate that the added inertia is about 76 % of what strip theory predicts.
Adaptación y validación de la escala de liderazgo MLQ-5X al contexto educativo español
Authors: Moreno-Casado Héctor , Leo-Marcos Francisco Miguel , López-Gajardo Miguel Ángel , García-Calvo Tomás , Cuevas Ricardo , Sánchez-Oliva David
Published: April 2021

Desde la teoría del liderazgo transformacional, este estudio tenía como objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una versión adaptada al ámbito educativo del Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X). Un total de 1551 estudiantes españoles (M = 15,47 años ± 0,72; 679 chicos y 872 chicas) de 31 centros de enseñanza secundaria participaron en el estudio. El análisis factorial confirmatorio de la estructura inicial de nueve factores de la escala determinó la necesidad de eliminar dos ítems del factor dirección por excepción pasiva, agrupando en un solo factor el liderazgo pasivo. En un segundo modelo de ocho factores, se hallaron altas correlaciones entre los factores del liderazgo transformacional, señalando la necesidad de establecer un factor de primer orden. Finalmente, se testó un tercer modelo que obtuvo valores adecuados de validez y fiabilidad, que estaba compuesto por 34 ítems distribuidos en 4 factores principales (liderazgo transformacional, recompensa contingente, dirección por excepción activa y liderazgo pasivo) y 5 factores secundarios para el liderazgo transformacional (influencia idealizada conducta, influencia idealizada atribuida, motivación inspiracional, estimulación intelectual y consideración individualizada. Por tanto, la versión española del MLQ-5X en el ámbito educativo puede ser utilizada para evaluar el liderazgo transformacional de los docentes desde la percepción del alumnado.

Drawing from the transformational leadership theory, this study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of a version adapted to the educational environment of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X). A total of 1551 Spanish students (M = 15.47 years ± 0.72; 679 boys and 872 girls) from 31 secondary schools participated in the study. The confirmatory factor analysis of the initial structure of nine factors of the scale determined the need to eliminate two items of the direction by passive exception factor, grouping passive leadership into a single factor. In a second eight-factor model, high correlations were found between the factors of transformational leadership, indicating the need to establish a first-order factor. Finally, a third model was tested that obtained adequate values ​​of validity and reliability, which was composed of 34 items distributed in 4 main factors (transformational leadership, contingent reward, leadership by active exception and passive leadership) and 5 secondary factors for transformational leadership (idealized influence behavior, attributed idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration). Therefore, the Spanish version of the MLQ-5X in the educational field can be used to assess the transformational leadership of teachers from the perception of the students.
Is ambition a gendered issue? Students´ vs employees´ antecedents of Ambition about Leadership
Authors: Lopez-Zafra Esther , Sánchez-Álvarez Nicolás , Carmona-Cobo Isabel
Published: April 2021

Los obstáculos a lo largo de la carrera de las mujeres demuestran que su ambición de convertirse en líder es compleja porque está influenciada por los estereotipos y roles de género. En este estudio, se les pidió a 625 participantes (54.24% mujeres) de dos categorías (379 estudiantes y 246 empleados) que imaginaran cómo reaccionarían ante un ascenso a una posición de liderazgo y posteriormente, completaron un cuestionario que incluía sus creencias sobre las consecuencias -evaluaciones, ambición, emociones positivas y negativas e ideología de roles de género.

Los estudiantes fueron más ambiciosos que los empleados, independientemente de su género. Sin embargo, al analizar el impacto de la ambición en la decisión de aceptar una posición de liderazgo, observamos que el afecto positivo generado al imaginar una promoción es el aspecto clave para finalmente decidir aceptar la promoción, tanto en estudiantes como en empleados. Sin embargo, en los estudiantes, independientemente de su género, la decisión se predice por afecto negativo, evaluaciones de auto-concepto, pero no por niveles de ambición.

Obstacles along women career demonstrate how ambition for becoming a leader is complex because it is influenced by gender stereotypes and roles. In this study, 625 participants (54.24% women) from two statuses (379 students and 246 employees) were asked to imagine how they would react to a promotion to a leadership position and then completed a questionnaire including their beliefs about the consequences, core self-evaluations, ambition, positive and negative emotions, and gender role ideology.

Students were more ambitious than employees, regardless of their gender. However, when analyzing the impact of ambition on the decision of accepting a leadership position we observe that positive affect generated by imagining a promotion is the key aspect to finally decide to accept the promotion in both students and employees. However, in students, regardless of their gender, the decision is predicted by negative affect, core-self evaluations but not by levels of ambition.
Psychological intervention with victims of prison violence: a systematic literature review
Authors: Conde Ana Rita , Souto Teresa , Almeida Ana Maria
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La victimización penitenciaria ha sido el foco de atención de la comunidad científica con estudios que indican una alta prevalencia y efectos negativos en la salud mental y en la reintegración social de los presidiarios. Sin embargo, existe poca información sobre las intervenciones, por lo que es relevante obtener datos confiables sobre estrategias de intervención que busquen mitigar sus consecuencias y ofrecer apoyo a las víctimas.

Método: Revisión sistemática (RS) mediante el método PRISMA. La investigación se realizó en 10 bases de datos electrónicas y el proceso de recolección y análisis de datos fue realizado por dos investigadores independientes.

Resultados: Se incluyeron cinco publicaciones, tres estudios cuantitativos y dos artículos teóricos, aunque ninguno se centra específicamente en la intervención con personas sometidas a victimización penitenciaria. Esta limitadamente se aborda y analiza teóricamente a lo largo de la discusión.

Conclusión: Existen pocas publicaciones sobre intervención con víctimas de victimización penitenciaria y las existentes no enfocan específicamente la intervención acerca de este tipo de victimización. Sin embargo, se obtuvieron pistas importantes para ser incluidas en futuras propuestas de intervención. Existe consenso en cuanto a la necesidad de adoptar modelos de intervención validados empíricamente, refiriéndose a la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual (TCC), específicamente al Tratamiento Informado por Trauma (TIT).

Background: Prison victimization has been the focus of attention by the scientific community with studies that indicate a high prevalence and negative effects on mental health and social reintegration of prisoners. However, there is few information on intervention responses, so it is relevant to obtain reliable data about intervention strategies that seeks to mitigate its consequences and provide support to victims.

Method: Systematic review (SR) using the PRISMA method. The research was carried out in 10 electronic databases and the data collection and analysis process carried out by two independent researchers.

Results: Five publications were included, three quantitative studies and two theoretical articles although none specifically focuses on intervention with individuals subject to prison victimization. This feature is addressed and theoretically analysed throughout the discussion

Conclusion: There are few publications on intervention with victims of prison victimization and existing ones do not focus on specific intervention in the context of this type of victimization. However, important guidelines were obtained to be included into future intervention proposals. There is a consensus regarding the need to adopt empirically validated intervention models, referring to the Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), specifically the Trauma-Informed Treatment(TIT).
The Mediator Role of Use of Emotion in the Association between Personality Traits and Workaholism
Authors: Sayan İlknur
Published: April 2021

Este estudio examinó el papel mediador del componente de uso de la emoción (UoE), de la Escala de inteligencia emocional, en la relación entre extraversión (EX) y conciencia dentro de los Cinco Grandes factores de personalidad, y las dimensiones de trabajar en exceso (WE) y trabajar compulsivamente de la Escala holandesa de adicción al trabajo. Junto con este objetivo, se recopilaron datos del personal sanitario, en su mayoría enfermeras, que trabajaba en hospitales privados que prestan servicios en Estambul. Los hallazgos indicaron que WE tuvo un efecto directo no significativo sobre EX (β = −0.358; p > .05), mientras que el efecto indirecto de WE sobre EX a través de UoE fue significativo (β = 0.147; p < .05). Este estudio revela que UoE actúa como un mediador completo en el efecto de WE sobre EX.

This study examined the mediator role of Use of Emotion (UoE) component of Emotional Intelligence (EI) Scale in the relationship between Extraversion (EX) and Conscientiousness (CO) within the Big Five (BF) personality factors, and the dimensions of Working Excessively (WE) and Working Compulsively (WC) of Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS). Along with this aim, data were collected from healthcare staff, most of who were nurses, working at private hospitals serving in İstanbul. The findings indicated that Working Excessively (WE) had a non-significant direct effect on Extraversion (EX) (β = -.358; p > .05) while the indirect effect of Working Excessively (WE) on Extraversion (EX) through Use of Emotion  (UoE) was significant (β = .147; p < .05). This study revealed that Use of Emotion (UoE) acted as a full mediator in the effect of Working Excessively (WE) on Extraversion (EX).
Errata
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: April 2021

Errata
Böcker på Gotland under 1600-talet
Authors: Åberg Åke
Published: April 2021

Det finns olika sätt att fa kunskap om forna tiders bokliga kultur, om bokägande och läsning. De har alla sina brister och måste därför supplera varandra. Bouppteckningar och än mer bokauktionskataloger är sällsynta under den tid vi här sysslar med, och deras bestånd av titlar är inte representativt. De överbetonar skrifter som har ekonomiskt värde och ger prestige, som visar fromhet och lärdom, och utelämner den billiga och efemära underhållningslitteraturen, som vi vet varit vanlig och säkert i hög grad bidragit till att forma människors åsikter och värderingar.
Dansk Bibliotekshistorisk Selskab Beretning 1984-87
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: April 2021

I beretningsperioden har Dansk Bibliotekshistorisk Selskab fortsat sin virksomhed ved i overensstemmelse med Selskabets formål at udgive publikationer og afholde medlemsmøder. Den væsentligste begivenhed har uden tvivl været udsendelsen i efteråret 1985 af første bind i Selskabets publikationsserie Bibliotekshistorie. Det blev godt modtaget, og første oplag på 350 eksemplarer måtte i foråret 1986 suppleres med et genoptryk på 250 eksemplarer. Bind 2, der har et noget større omfang end første bind, er blevet klar til udsendelse senere end planlagt, men de følgende bind, hvis indhold allerede delvis foreligger, skulle kunne udsendes med lidt større hyppighed.
Amerikanerne
Authors: Harbo Ole
Published: April 2021

Her omkring årtusindeskiftet fejrer mange biblioteker i købstæderne 100 års jubilæum. Dette er et udtryk for, at udviklingen af de moderne danske folkebiblioteker tog fart i slutningen af 1800-årene. Københavns kommunes biblioteker blev etableret i 1885 og Frederiksbergs i 1887. en artikel fra 18861 kritiserer den senere statsminister Niels Neergaard de københavnske biblioteker ud fra sit kendskab til de engelske folkebiblioteker, der ikke synes lederne i København bekendte. Dette understreges i kommunens behandling af oprettelsen af bibliotekerne, hvor der er henvisninger til og talstørrelser vedr. de folkelige biblioteker i Paris og Berlin, mens det om engelske og amerikanske biblioteker blot noteres: "I England og Amerika findes Folkebogsamlinger i næsten alle større Byer".
Publikationsstøtte
Authors: Radaktionen -
Published: April 2021

Publikationsstøtte
Dansk Bibliotekshistorisk Selskab Styrelsens beretning 2007-2008
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: April 2021

Styrelsens beretning 2007-2008
A Robust And Adaptive Approach To Control Of A Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor With Jacket Cooling
Authors: Prokop Roman , Matusu Radek , Vojtesek Jiri
Published: April 2021

Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR) are one of the main technological plants used in chemical and biochemical industry. These systems are quite complex with many nonlinearities and the conventional linear control with fixed parameters can be questionable or sometimes unacceptable. The solution should be found in so-called “non-traditional” control approaches like adaptive, robust, fuzzy, or artificial intelligent methods. One way is the utilization of self-tuning adaptive schemes, but computations may be quite difficult, clumsy and time-consuming. This paper brings an alternative principle called a robust approach and the comparison of the robust and adaptive control responses. Robust control considers a CSTR model as a linear system with parametric uncertainty, which covers a family of all feasible plants. Then several controllers with fix parameters are designed so that for all possible plants, the acceptable control behavior is obtained. The two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure for the control law was chosen. Both robust and adaptive control is applied to an original nonlinear model of a CSTR. All calculations and simulations of mathematical models and control responses were performed in the Matlab and Simulink environment.
Robust Simulation Of Imaging Mass Spectrometry Data
Authors: Sarycheva Anastasia , Grigoryev Anton , Nikolaev Evgeny N. , Kostyukevich Yury
Published: April 2021

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) with high resolution in mass and space is an analytical method that produces distributions of ions on a sample surface. The algorithms for preprocessing and analysis of the raw data acquired from a mass spectrometer should be evaluated. To do that, the ion composition at every point of the sample should be known. This is possible via the employment of a simulated MSI dataset. In this work, we suggest a pipeline for a robust simulation of MSI datasets that resemble real data with an option to simulate the spectra acquired from any mass spectrometry instrument through the use of the experimental MSI datasets to extract simulation parameters.
Employment Of Temporary Workers And Use Of Overtime To Achieve Volume Flexibility Using Master Production Scheduling: Monetary And Social Implications
Authors: Trost Marco , Claus Thorsten , Herrmann Frank
Published: April 2021

Flexibility and in particular volume flexibility is an important topic for industrial manufacturing companies. In this context, the harmonization of the available and required capacity is a central task, especially with increasing fluctuations in customer demand. In classical approaches, this is considered only by the use of additional capacities and there are only a few approaches that combine aspects of personnel planning with production planning. Therefore, this article presents a linear optimization model for master production scheduling that includes aspects of personnel requirements planning. It is used to investigate different strategies for the use of overtime and temporary workers in order to achieve different levels of volume flexibility. With regard to the monetary and social impacts, the results indicate that overtime has a stronger influence to achieve volume flexibility than the use of temporary workers. However, both are affected by substantial deficits in human working conditions. But the results also imply a promising potential for improving the social aspects without a significant increase in costs.
GÉNÉRATIONS IMBRIQUÉES, RESSOURCES NATURELLES ET QUALITÉ OPTIMALE DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ
Authors: Croutzet Alexandre
Published: April 2021

Dans une économie parfaitement concurrentielle dans laquelle une ressource naturelle renouvelable est exploitée, la qualité optimale des droits de propriété correspond-elle toujours à des droits complets ou existe-t-il des situations dans lesquelles des droits partiellement définis et/ou partiellement protégés sont optimaux ? C’est la question à laquelle cet article se propose de répondre. En d’autres termes, cet article examine les mérites des droits de propriété partiels dans une économie avec ressource naturelle renouvelable par ailleurs parfaitement concurrentielle. La qualité des droits de propriété est définie comme la proportion de la ressource sur laquelle des droits sont définis et protégés; le reste de la ressource étant en accès libre. Identifier les situations où des droits de propriété partiels peuvent être optimaux est important pour les décideurs. En effet, les droits de propriété sur les ressources renouvelables sont généralement difficiles et coûteux à définir et à protéger parfaitement. Dans une économie décentralisée parfaitement concurrentielle avec ressource naturelle renouvelable et générations imbriquées, nous montrons que des institutions optimales peuvent se traduire par des droits de propriété partiels sur un stock de ressource. L’absence de droits de propriété conduit à une surexploitation, mais l’appropriation privée complète du stock de ressource peut conduire à une suraccumulation de la ressource. En d’autres termes, quand les ressources sont surexploitées en raison d’institutions trop faibles, les renforcer est nécessaire, mais la distance à des institutions optimales peut être plus courte qu’on ne le croit communément.
CLIMATE GAMES: WHO’S ON FIRST? WHAT’S ON SECOND?
Authors: Insley Margaret , Forsyth Peter A.
Published: April 2021

We study four different climate change games and compare with the outcome of choices by a Social Planner. In a dynamic setting, two players choose levels of carbon emissions. Rising atmospheric carbon stocks increase average global temperature which damages player utilities. Temperature is modelled as a stochastic differential equation. We contrast the results of a Stackelberg game with a game in which both players act as leaders (a Leader-Leader, or Trumpian game). We also examine an Interleaved game where there is a significant time interval between player decisions. Finally we examine a game where a Nash equilibrium is chosen if it exists, and otherwise a Stackelberg game is played. One or both players may be better off in these alternative games compared to the Stackelberg game, depending on state variables. We conclude that it is important to consider alternate game structures in examining strategic interactions in pollution games. We also demonstrate that the Stackelberg game is the limit of the Interleaved game as the time between decisions goes to zero.
GRATUITÉ DES SOINS ET UTILISATION DES SERVICES DE SANTÉ MATERNELLE – UNE ANALYSE D’IMPACT AU SÉNÉGAL
Authors: Nkoumou Ngoa Gaston Brice
Published: April 2021

Un an après sa phase pilote, la gratuité des accouchements et césariennes a été généralisée au Sénégal comme dans plusieurs pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest malgré l’absence de vérification de l’impact causal de cette mesure sur l’utilisation des services de santé maternelle. L’objectif de ce papier est d’évaluer l’impact à court terme de la mesure de gratuité des frais d’accouchement et de césarienne sur l’utilisation des services de santé maternelle au Sénégal. Les estimations à partir de la méthode des doubles différences (DID) ont été réalisées en faisant usage des données d’observations provenant de la quatrième Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-IV). Les résultats économétriques n’ont pas permis de mettre en évidence l’effet positif attendu du programme de gratuité à court terme. Ce résultat permet d’interroger la mise à l’échelle au niveau national de cette politique de gratuité un an plus tard.
STRUCTURE DE MARCHÉ ET PERFORMANCE DES ENTREPRISES INDUSTRIELLES AU CAMEROUN
Authors: Fambeu Ariel Herbert , Messomo Mireille Etogo
Published: April 2021

La relation entre structure du marché et performance continue de susciter des interrogations chez les chercheurs et les décideurs. Bien que certaines preuves plaident en faveur d’une relation positive entre la structure du marché et la rentabilité, d’autres semblent confirmer que la rentabilité résulte de l’efficience. L’objet de cet article est d’analyser l’influence de la structure de marché sur la performance des entreprises industrielles au Cameroun. Afin de tenir compte de l’endogénéité de la variable de la structure de marché, nous appliquons la méthode des variables instrumentales sur données transversales d’entreprises industrielles. Les résultats montrent que la concentration n’a aucun effet sur le profit des entreprises. Par contre, le profit est influencé positivement par l’efficience des entreprises. Par conséquent, une politique de lutte contre la concentration (ou de promotion de la concurrence) serait donc inefficace et injustifiée. À la place, l’état devrait mettre en oeuvre des politiques qui améliorent l’efficience des entreprises.
SPATIAL PRICE TRANSMISSION AND ASYMMETRIC ADJUSTMENT: THE CASE OF LOCAL AND IMPORTED RICE IN TOGO
Authors: Lanie Tomgouani
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we have investigated the extent and the speed of adjustment of six domestic markets of imported rice and the local market of processed rice in Togo to rice prices change on the global market and how the local market of paddy and the imported rice markets respond respectively to prices change in the processed rice and on the central market of imported rice Lomé and test for asymmetry in the adjustment process using both standard and threshold cointegration tests. Symmetric and asymmetric error correction models with respect to the linear and threshold cointegration relationships between markets pairings are estimated to investigate short-run prices dynamics.

Results indicate that prices for the global to local markets pairings are cointegrated with relatively low price transmission elasticities. Prices on the imported rice markets in Togo are also cointegrated (when Lomé is considered as the central market). Threshold cointegration tests reveal that in the long-run, the local market of paddy adjusts asymmetrically to prices change in the processed rice and there is asymmetric adjustment of domestic markets of Cinkassé and Lomé to prices change on the global market. Except for Amégnran market, the four other domestic markets of imported rice adjust also asymmetrically to rice prices change on the central market of Lomé. In the short-run, there is asymmetric adjustment only between the global market and the imported rice markets of Lomé and Cinkassé. Among imported rice prices dynamics in Togo, only Cinkassé market adjust asymmetrically to prices change on the central market of Lomé. The results imply that oligopolistic middlemen in rice marketing in Togo are more sensitive and react quickly when rice prices change on the global market tends to squeeze their margins than changes that stretch them.
Everything but the Car: The Carport as Social Space in Puerto Rican Domestic Architecture
Authors: Colom Braña Gloria M.
Published: April 2021

The carport, a nondescript functional space within a majority of Puerto Rican houses, often accommodates different social practices throughout the year. Daily household activities such as laundry and childcare often take place in the carport, but it is also a site for landmark events such as birthdays, social gatherings, and Christmas parties. Designed exclusively for car storage, the carport is often used for everything but the car. In order to understand how this space came to be repurposed, this article focuses on the history of the introduction of the car and carport in Puerto Rico. The transformation of a single-use space into an all-purpose space with distinct cultural signifiers happened soon after the spread of the carport. The history of the colonial relationship between the United States and Puerto Rico is tied to the story of changes to the North American house form, particularly the most utilitarian spaces within the domestic sphere. The carport reflects the dreams and illusions of upward mobility and how that came crashing down in a seemingly economic free fall that began roughly in 2007 and has continued spiraling out of control.
Value added tax on prepayments from the perspective of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
Authors: Rusakova Olga
Published: April 2021

  The subject of this research is the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation pertinent to methodological questions of computation of the value added tax, namely the peculiarities of taxation of prepayments towards upcoming delivery of goods (execution of work, rendering services). The author examines the provisions of the Ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of 11.08.2018 No. 2796-O, which formulates the legal position on the question of establishing tax period essential for the buyer to restore the tax that was previously deducted for the transferred prepayment. Research methodology relies on the systematic analysis of tax legislation and established arbitration practice. Leaning on the conducted analysis of the provisions of tax legislation and decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, it is determined that taxation depends on the economic activity of a taxpayer and is affected by multiple factors, which requires constant improvement of tax legislation. In conclusion, the author underlines the need for clarification of tax rules. The novelty of this work consist in proposal of the new algorithm for computation of the value added tax on prepayments, which would allow reducing efforts in maintaining tax records among taxpayers, as well as alleviate the risks for additional charge of tax and fines by fiscal authorities.  
Implicit detection of user handedness in touchscreen devices through interaction analysis
Authors: Fernández Carla , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Martin , Fernandez-Lanvin Daniel , De Andrés Javier , Labrador Miguel
Published: April 2021

Mobile devices now rival desktop computers as the most popular devices for web surfing and E-commerce. As screen sizes of mobile devices continue to get larger, operating smartphones with a single-hand becomes increasingly difficult. Automatic operating hand detection would enable E-commerce applications to adapt their interfaces to better suit their user’s handedness interaction requirements. This paper addresses the problem of identifying the operative hand by avoiding the use of mobile sensors that may pose a problem in terms of battery consumption or distortion due to different calibrations, improving the accuracy of user categorization through an evaluation of different classification strategies. A supervised classifier based on machine learning was constructed to label the operating hand as left or right. The classifier uses features extracted from touch traces such as scrolls and button clicks on a data-set of 174 users. The approach proposed by this paper is not platform-specific and does not rely on access to gyroscopes or accelerometers, widening its applicability to any device with a touchscreen.
ARIMA Modelling and Forecasting of COVID-19 Daily Confirmed/Death Cases: A Case Study of Nigeria
Authors: Didi Essi Isaac , Kingdom Nwuju , Harrison Etuk Ette
Published: April 2021

Aims: The aim of this work is to develop suitable ARIMA models which can be sued to forecast daily confirmed/death cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria. This is subject to developing the model, checking them for suitability and carrying out eight months forecast, and making recommendations for the Nigerian Health sector.

Study Design:  The study used daily confirmed and death cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria.

Methodology: This work covers times series data on the on the daily confirmed/death cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria, obtained from the Nigerian Centre for Disease Control (NDCD) from 21 March 2020 to 5 May 2020, covering a total of 51 data points. This work  is geared towards developing a suitable  Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models which can be used to forecast total daily confirmed/death cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria. Two adequate subset ARIMA (2, 2, 1) and AR (1) models for the confirmed/death cases, respectively, is fitted and discussed

Results: A forecast of 239 days – from 6th May 2020 to 31 December 2020 was conducted using the fitted models and we observed that the COVID19 data has an upward trend and is best forecasted within a short period.

Conclusion: Critical investigation into the rate of spread of COVID-19 pandemic has shown that, that the daily confirmed cases as well as death cases of the disease tends to follow an upward trend. This work aimed at developing a suitable ARIMA models which can be used to fit a most appropriate subsets  to statistically forecast the actual number of confirmed cases as well as death cases of COVID-19 recorded in Nigeria for a period of 8 months.
A Review on Antioxidant Activity of Coffee and Its Additives
Authors: Bajaj Deepti , Ballal Suhas
Published: April 2021

Today, coffee is the most consumed drink all around the world. It has been suggested by many researchers that consumption of coffee is associated with many health-related benefits like increasing the physical performance, lowering the risk of type 1 diabetes, Alzheimer, Parkinson’s as well as it is associated with reducing the risk of various types of cancer. It has also been noted that drinking coffee is also linked with the decreased chances of depression which is the major problem for the today’s youth. The benefits of coffee and Ganoderma are fascinating. Current study is conducted to review the benefits and the antioxidant activity of coffee and its additives. It has been proven that coffee provides the major amount of antioxidants as compared to other products like dark chocolates, cocoa, wines, fruits and vegetables. Coffee with Ganoderma is reported to have a major amount of anti-tumor as well as anti-oxidative properties as it contains triterpenoids as major bioactive compound.
Method of Seismic Capacity Analysis of Steel Structure in Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Lee Dongwon , Lim Namheoyng
Published: April 2021

A steel structure in a nuclear power plant is typically constructed next to major safety-related structures. Accordingly, the structural integrity of the steel structure must be achieved until the safety-related building is damaged by external forces. Consequently, the steel structure should have seismic capacity while maintaining the structural integrity of the surrounding safety-related structure. An optimized method for the seismic capacity against the beyond design earthquake was developed to reflect this capacity concept.
Development of the Agricultural Water Demand and Supply Drought Index (AWDSDI) in Evaluating Daily Agricultural Drought in Small Administrative Districts
Authors: Lee Sangkwon , Oh Kukryul , Jeong Sangman , Cheong Tae Sung
Published: April 2021

Drought is caused by a long period of lack of rainfall and water resources, and has a great impact on the life and ecosystem of both humans and animals. It is particularly important for the agricultural sector, which is closely related to food security. Global warming, urbanization, and industrialization have led to a gradually increasing demand for agricultural water. In response, Korea has steadily developed its agricultural water sources to reduce rising damage to the agricultural sector due to climate change. The severity of drought is evaluated by using meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomic drought indexes. The agricultural drought index is evaluated using soil moisture and crop dryness, and the hydrological drought index is evaluated based on water shortage by comparing demands with water resources available for supply, such as rivers and groundwater, reservoirs and dams. However, these methods were found to over- or under-estimate the relatively low sensitivity of agricultural water as they assess the shortage of water for life, industry, and agriculture. Therefore, in this study, we developed the Agricultural Water Demand and Supply Drought Index (AWDSDI), which evaluates agricultural drought by analyzing water supply systems such as agricultural reservoirs, pumping stations and drainage, groundwater systems, and demands for agricultural water. In order to review the applicability of the developed drought index, AWDSDI was applied to 32 Eps and Myuns in three cities, including Jincheongun, Changnyeonggun, and Jangseonggun in the period June-August 2017, when drought damage was significant. It was found that AWDSDI reproduced the daily agricultural drought well in small administrative districts such as Eps and Myuns. In addition, in order to verify the developed drought index, the evaluation results of AWDSDI, the previously developed agricultural drought index and the hydrological drought index were compared together. The comparison found that the AWDSDI reproduced the drought period and drought depth in 32 Eps and Myuns in three cities better than previously developed drought indices.
Process Development of Protein Therapeutics
Authors: Huang Yao‐ming , Bowes Brian , Yang Tzung‐Horng , Thomas James N. , Guhan S. Sam , Pettit Dean K.
Published: April 2021

The application of recombinant DNA technology to the production of protein therapeutics has undergone tremendous progress over the past decades. Considerable scientific effort has been devoted to developing robust processes that produce large amounts of complex proteins with the desired product quality attributes. An overview of the contributions from the four major disciplines working in concert to deliver these processes and methods will be covered. This article will discuss some of the tools, methods, and approaches used to produce, purify, formulate, and analyze the drugs of modern biotechnology. Future trends in each of the disciplines will also be presented.
Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Pitts William J. , Dyckman Alaric J.
Published: April 2021

Several new medicines have been approved or entered development for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in the past few years. The sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) modulator fingolimod was the first FDA approved oral disease modifying therapy for MS, and it has inspired a number of additional agents directed at this clinically validated target. Fumarates (e.g. dimethyl fumarate), dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors (e.g. teriflunomide) and other agents which decrease lymphocyte proliferation (e.g. cladribine) represent additional clinically validated therapeutic approaches. While the mechanisms of action for these new agents may not be fully defined, they have demonstrated a good degree of efficacy in the treatment of relapsing forms of MS. It is of interest to note that biologic agents which target CD20 on B cells have also shown significant efficacy in the treatment of MS. This, in turn, has spurred MS clinical trials with Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitors, which also act on B cell pathways. The introduction of each of these newer agents still requires careful consideration of the risk–benefit for individual patients, but has also set a higher bar in the treatment of MS for subsequent agents, as evidenced by the discontinuation of several agents in late stage clinical trials. This higher bar has also pushed some historic agents to second or third line agents. This speaks to an overall advancement in the treatment of MS, and provides hope for further advances in therapeutic options.
A Brief Primer on Project Leadership, Project Management, and Cross‐functional Teams
Authors: Myers Michael R.
Published: April 2021

This article is intended to provide the reader a general primer on the general approach that pharmaceutical, biotech, and most recently academic drug discovery and development centers are deploying to conduct R&D work. Additionally, for the interested reader, a select collection of leading resources introducing key concepts and best practices in project management, project leadership, execution, and quality decision‐making are included throughout.