bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do bulges stop stars forming?
Authors: Eales Stephen , Eales Oliver , de Vis Pieter
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we use the Herschel Reference Survey to make a direct test of the hypothesis that the growth of a stellar bulge leads to a reduction in the star formation efficiency of a galaxy (or conversely a growth in the gas-depletion time-scale) as a result of the stabilization of the gaseous disc by the gravitational field of the bulge. We find a strong correlation between star formation efficiency and specific star formation rate in galaxies without prominent bulges and in galaxies of the same morphological type, showing that there must be some other process besides the growth of a bulge that reduces the star formation efficiency in galaxies. However, we also find that galaxies with more prominent bulges (Hubble types E to Sab) do have significantly lower star formation efficiencies than galaxies with later morphological types, which is at least consistent with the hypothesis that the growth of a bulge leads to the reduction in the star formation efficiency. The answer to the question in the title is therefore yes and no: bulges may reduce the star formation efficiency in galaxies but there must also be some other process at work. We also find that there is a significant but small difference in the star formation efficiencies of galaxies with and without bars, in the sense that galaxies with bars have slightly higher star formation efficiencies.
Investigation on young radio AGNs based on SDSS spectroscopy
Authors: Liao Mai , Gu Minfeng
Published: October 2019

The gigahertz peaked spectrum (GPS) sources, compact steep spectrum (CSS) radio sources, and high-frequency peaker (HFP) radio sources are thought to be young radio active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at the early stage of AGN evolution. We investigated the optical properties of the largest sample of 126 young radio AGNs based on the spectra in SDSS DR12. We find that the black hole masses MBH range from 107.32 to 109.84$\rm M_{\odot }$ and the Eddington ratios Redd vary from 10−4.93 to 100.37, suggesting that young radio AGNs have various accretion activities and not all are accreting at high accretion rate. Our young radio sources generally follow the evolutionary trend towards large-scale radio galaxies with increasing linear size and decreasing accretion rate in the radio power–linear size diagram. The radio properties of low-luminosity young radio AGNs with low Redd are discussed. The line width of [O iii] λ5007 core (σ[O iii]) is found to be a good surrogate of stellar velocity dispersion σ*. The radio luminosity $L_{\rm 5\, GHz}$ correlates strongly with [O iii] core luminosity L[O iii], suggesting that radio activity and accretion are closely related in young radio sources. We find one object that can be defined as a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy, representing a population of young AGNs with both young jet and early accretion activity. The optical variabilities of 15 quasars with multi-epoch spectroscopy were investigated. Our results show that the optical variability in young AGN quasars presents low variations ($\leqslant \! 60{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) similar to the normal radio-quiet quasars.
Optical and X-ray studies of three polars: RX J0859.1+0537, RX J0749.1–0549, and RX J0649.8–0737
Authors: Joshi Arti , Pandey J C , Raj Ashish , Singh K P , Anupama G C , Singh H P
Published: October 2019

We present optical photometric and spectroscopic observations, and an analysis of archival X-ray data of three polars: RX J0859.1+0537, RX J0749.1–0549, and RX J0649.8–0737. Optical light curves of these three polars reveal eclipse-like features that are deep, total, and variable in shape. The optical and X-ray modulations of RX J0859.1+0537, RX J0749.1–0549, and RX J0649.8–0737 are both found to occur at the orbital periods of 2.393 ± 0.003 h, 3.672 ± 0.001 h, and 4.347 ± 0.001 h, respectively. RX J0859.1+0537 is found to be a polar that lies in the region of the period gap, whereas RX J0749.1–0549 and RX J0649.8–0737 are found to be long-period polars above the period gap. The eclipse length is found to be 61 min for RX J0749.1–0549 in the Rband, which is the highest among the long-period eclipsing polars. The radius of the eclipsed light source is found to be more than the actual size of the white dwarf for these three systems, indicating that the eclipsed component is not only the white dwarf but also appears to include the presence of an extended accretion region. Optical spectra of these systems show the presence of high-ionization emission lines along with the strong Balmer emission lines with an inverted Balmer decrement. Cyclotron harmonics are also detected in the optical spectra from which we infer magnetic field strength of the surface of the white dwarf to be 49 ± 2 MG, 43.5 ± 1.4 MG, and 44 ± 1 MG for RX J0859.1+0537, RX J0749.1–0549, and RX J0649.8–0737, respectively.
Week-by-week changes in sleep EEG in healthy full-term newborns
Authors: Corsi-Cabrera María , Cubero-Rego Lourdes , Ricardo-Garcell Josefina , Harmony Thalia
Published: October 2019

Spectral analysis of neonatal sleep is useful for studying brain maturation; however, most studies have analyzed conventional broad bands described for awake adults, so a distinct approach for EEG analysis may disclose new findings.

Study Objectives

To extract independent EEG broad bands using principal component analysis (PCA) and describe week-by-week EEG changes in quiet sleep (QS) and active sleep (AS) during the first 5 weeks of postnatal life in healthy, full-term newborns.

Methods

Polysomnography of spontaneous sleep was recorded in 60 newborns in 5 groups at 41, 42, 43, 44, and 45 weeks (n = 12 each) postconceptional age (POST-C). QS and AS stages were identified. Absolute power (AP) for 1 Hz bins between 1 and 30 Hz was subjected to PCA to extract independent broad bands.

Results

PCA rendered three independent broad bands distinct from conventional bands. They explained 82.8% of variance: 2–10 Hz, 10–16 Hz, and 17–30 Hz. ANOVAs (group × age × derivations) showed significant higher power at 2–10 Hz with greater age, higher power in QS than AS in all three bands, and significantly higher AP in the left central region, and in the right occipital and temporal areas, in both sleep stages.

Conclusion

A different method of analyzing sleep EEG generated new information on brain maturation. The Sigma frequencies identified suggest that sleep spindle maturation begins by at least 41 weeks of POST-C age. Interhemispheric asymmetries during sleep suggest earlier development of the central left region and the right occipital and temporal areas.
Hydrogen sulfide signaling in mitochondria and disease
Authors: Murphy Brennah , Bhattacharya Resham , Mukherjee Priyabrata
Published: October 2019

Hydrogen sulfide can signal through 3 distinct mechanisms: 1) reduction and/or direct binding of metalloprotein heme centers, 2) serving as a potent antioxidant through reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species scavenging, or 3) post‐translational modification of proteins by addition of a thiol (‐SH) group onto reactive cysteine residues: a process known as persulfidation. Below toxic levels, hydrogen sulfide promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and function, thereby conferring protection against cellular stress. For these reasons, increases in hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen sulfide‐producing enzymes have been implicated in several human disease states. This review will first summarize our current understanding of hydrogen sulfide production and metabolism, as well as its signaling mechanisms; second, this work will detail the known mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide in the mitochondria and the implications of its mitochondrial‐specific impacts in several pathologic conditions.—Murphy, B., Bhattacharya, R., Mukherjee, P. Hydrogen sulfide signaling in mitochondria and disease. FASEB J. 33, 13098–13125 (2019). www.fasebj.org
E-Cigarettes and Vaping Implicated in Recent Cases of Severe Lung Disease
Authors: Potera Carol
Published: October 2019

The CDC and FDA are partnering with states to investigate reports.
Nursing Organizations Address Discrimination and Gun Violence
Authors: Pfeifer Gail M. , Potera Carol
Published: October 2019

Statements call for inclusiveness and action to prevent firearm injuries.
Two Drugs Found to Reduce Ebola Mortality
Authors: Brodhead Frank
Published: October 2019

Preliminary results raise hopes that the disease can be treated effectively.
Ten Good Things About Being an Older Nurse
Authors: Facente Alice
Published: October 2019

Updated several times a week with posts by a wide variety of authors, AJN's blog Off the Charts allows us to provide more timely—and often more personal—perspectives on professional, policy, and clinical issues. Best of the Blog will be a regular column to draw the attention of AJN readers to posts we think deserve a wider audience. To read more, please visit: www.ajnoffthecharts.com.
Surgical Intervention in Patients With Tubo-Ovarian Abscess: Clinical Predictors and a Simple Risk Score
Authors: Fouks Yuval , Cohen Aviad , Shapira Udi , Solomon Neta , Almog Benny , Levin Ishai
Published: October 2019

(Abstracted from J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019;26:535–543)

Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) presents as an infectious mass of the adnexa and is a late complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in up to 30% of cases. TOA is associated with significant patient morbidities, including pain, sepsis, and recurrent hospitalizations and may lead to long-term complications such as chronic pelvic pain, pelvic adhesions, infertility, and ectopic pregnancies.
Building on the ACA to Achieve Universal Coverage
Authors: Fiedler Matthew , Aaron Henry J. , Adler Loren , Ginsburg Paul B. , Young Christen L.
Published: October 2019

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2019;380(18):1685–1688)

Before the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the United States did not significantly reduce the percentage of Americans without health insurance coverage over the past several decades. After the ACA was enacted, US residents without coverage went from 16% to 9%.
Which Anterior Acetabular Fracture Surgical Approach is Preferred? A Survey of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Active Membership
Authors: Moed Berton R. , Israel Heidi A.
Published: October 2019

Objective:

The goal of this survey was to determine the current surgeon-preferred anterior surgical approach for the treatment of acetabular fractures in North America.

Design:

Web-based survey;

Participants:

Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) members.

Methods:

Active members of the OTA were solicited to participate in an OTA-sponsored survey asking for their preferred standard anterior surgical approach to the acetabulum, along with some general demographic data. The approach choices were: the classic ilioinguinal as described by Letournel, a modified ilioinguinal, the modified Stoppa (Anterior Intrapelvic) with or without a lateral window, the pararectus, and an alternative to be specified by the survey taker.

Results:

Of the 675 total active OTA membership, 214 (32%) satisfactorily completed the survey. Of the 214 active members, only 32 (15%) prefer the classic ilioinguinal approach and 60 (28%) prefer some type of modified ilioinguinal approach. More than half of the active member respondents (121; 56.5%) prefer the modified Stoppa approach. Statistical analysis of the respondents' demographic data revealed only years in practice to be significantly different among treatment options (P < 0.01) with those with the least time in practice preferring the modified Stoppa.

Conclusions:

It seems that the modified Stoppa has become the preferred anterior acetabular fracture surgical approach in North America, being especially favored by those more recently in practice. The exact reasons for this change cannot be determined from this survey and are most likely multifactorial. However, training experience may play an important role.
Weight Loss: How Does It Fit in With Liposuction?
Authors: Davis William , Lawrence Naomi
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Weight loss is traditionally viewed as straightforward counting of calories in and calories out, with little regard to the role of the adipocytes tasked with storing said calories. However, the body executes a complex compensatory response to any intervention that depletes its energy stores. Here, the authors discuss the methods used to attain weight loss, the body's response to this weight loss, and the difficulties in maintaining weight loss. Furthermore, the authors provide an overview of the literature on the physiological effects of liposuction.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the role of adipose tissue in energy homeostasis, methods of weight loss, weight regain, and the effect of liposuction on endocrine signaling.

METHODS

The authors conducted a narrative review of representative studies.

CONCLUSION

A variety of strategies for weight loss exist, and optimizing one's weight status may in turn optimize the aesthetic outcomes of liposuction. This is most apparent in the preferential reaccumulation of fat in certain areas after liposuction and the ability to avoid this with a negative energy balance.
Old wine into new wineskins: an update for female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Shaw Jonathan S.
Published: October 2019

Purpose of review

To review minimally invasive modifications of traditional surgeries for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in light of increased demand.

Recent findings

Prior to the synthetic mid-urethral sling (MUS), traditional procedures were used to correct SUI. Often these were retropubic colposuspension procedures for a hypermobile urethra and fascial slings for sphincter deficiency but fell out of favor because of increased morbidity compared with synthetic MUS. As controversy rages over use of mesh in female pelvic reconstructive surgery, more women desire nonmesh alternatives. Traditional approaches have been modified to enable colposuspensions and fascial slings to be performed minimally invasively without minimizing efficacy.

Minimally invasive modifications to traditional procedures for SUI have been available for about a decade but interest has been recently reignited in the setting of patient concern over mesh.
Effect of Brexpiprazole on Agitation and Hostility in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Citrome Leslie , Ouyang John , Shi Lily , Meehan Stine R. , Baker Ross A. , Weiss Catherine
Published: October 2019

Background

Managing agitation and hostility represents a significant treatment challenge in schizophrenia. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy of brexpiprazole for reducing agitation and hostility in schizophrenia.

Methods

This was a post hoc analysis of data from two 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers, NCT01396421 and NCT01393613) and a 52-week, open-label, extension study (NCT01397786). In the short-term studies, 1094 patients received placebo, 2 mg/d of brexpiprazole, or 4 mg/d of brexpiprazole; 346 brexpiprazole-treated patients rolled over into the long-term study and received 1 to 4 mg/d of brexpiprazole. Agitation was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Excited Component (EC), and hostility was assessed using the PANSS hostility item (P7).

Results

Brexpiprazole improved PANSS-EC score over 6 weeks, with least squares mean differences versus placebo of −0.69 (95% confidence limits, −1.28, −0.11) for 2 mg/d (P = 0.020) and −1.11 (−1.70, −0.53) for 4 mg/d (P = 0.0002). In the subgroup with hostility at baseline (P7 score ≥3; 50.8% of the randomized sample), least squares mean differences versus placebo at week 6 on the PANSS-EC were −0.63 (−1.54, 0.28) for 2 mg/d (P = 0.18) and −1.03 (−1.92, −0.14) for 4 mg/d (P = 0.024), and on P7 (adjusted for positive symptoms) were −0.27 (−0.53, −0.01) for 2 mg/d (P = 0.038) and −0.34 (−0.59, −0.09) for 4 mg/d (P = 0.0080). The improvements were maintained over 58 weeks. Adverse events were generally comparable between treatment groups over 6 weeks; the incidence of akathisia among patients with hostility was 5.9% with placebo, 5.2% with 2 mg/d, and 8.6% with 4 mg/d.

Conclusions

Brexpiprazole has the potential to be an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment for agitation and hostility among patients with schizophrenia.
Combining faecal calprotectin and sigmoidoscopy can predict mucosal healing in paediatric ulcerative colitis
Authors: Kim Seung , Park Sowon , Kang Yunkoo , Koh Hong
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Mucosal healing is the endoscopic treatment target in inflammatory bowel disease. The treat-to-target strategy, emphasizing proactive assessment and optimizing treatment, is commonly applied in the clinical setting. Although colonoscopies are essential for this strategy to be successful, bowel preparation and sedative drugs are required for paediatric patients. We attempted to verify the usefulness of sigmoidoscopy, which is less invasive than colonoscopy, combined with faecal calprotectin, to assess mucosal healing.

Methods

A total of 58 paediatric patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and followed up at Severance Children’s Hospital from March 2015 to May 2018 were enrolled. Clinical data and laboratory findings (including faecal calprotectin and endoscopic data) were collected from medical records. The predictive power of mucosal healing of sigmoid colon and rectum (s-MH) combined with faecal calprotectin to predict mucosal healing throughout the colon was analysed.

Results

Among 58 patients (mean age 16.13 ± 2.88 years), 18 (31.0%) were in mucosal healing status. The median faecal calprotectin level was 486.5 μg/g. The faecal calprotectin cutoff value for predicting mucosal healing, identified using receiver-operating characteristic analyses, was 148 μg/g (area under the curve, 0.81). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of s-MH in predicting mucosal healing were 1.0, 0.82, 0.72, and 1.0, respectively. When we combined s-MH with faecal calprotectin less than the cutoff value, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.56, 1.0, 1.0, and 0.83, respectively.

Conclusion

For patients with a low faecal calprotectin level, sigmoidoscopy might be sufficient to assess mucosal healing.
Hospitalizations Involving an Intensive Care Unit Admission Among Patients Aged 65 Years and Older Within New York City Hospitals During 2000–2014
Authors: Illescas Alex H. , Kache Pallavi A. , Whittemore Katherine , Lucero David E. , Quinn Celia , Daskalakis Demetre , Vora Neil M.
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To describe hospitalizations involving an intensive care unit (ICU) admission among patients aged 65 years and older within New York City (NYC) hospitals during 2000–2014.

Design:

Observational study using an all-payer hospital discharge dataset.

Setting:

The setting was in NYC hospitals.

Patients:

Patients aged 65 years and older admitted to an ICU within a NYC hospital during 2000–2014.

Interventions:

No interventions were carried out.

Measurements and Main Results:

We calculated the mean annual number of hospitalizations involving an ICU admission. We also examined characteristics of hospitalizations, including the occurrence of in-hospital death and principal diagnosis. There were 5,338,577 hospitalizations of patients aged ≥65 years within NYC hospitals during 2000–2014, of which 765,084 (14.3%) involved an ICU admission. The mean annual number of hospitalizations involving an ICU admission for this age group decreased from 57,938 during 2000–2002 to 45,785 during 2012–2014. The proportion of hospitalizations involving an ICU admission in which in-hospital death occurred decreased from 15.9% during 2000–2002 to 14.5% during 2012–2014. During 2000–2002, 11.6% of hospitalizations involving an ICU admission listed an “infectious” principal diagnosis, increasing to 20.7% during 2012–2014. Listing of a “cardiovascular” principal diagnosis decreased from 46.4% to 33.4% between these time periods. “Infectious” principal diagnoses accounted for 31.0% of all hospitalizations involving an ICU admission in which in-hospital death occurred during the entire study period, while “cardiovascular” principal diagnoses accounted for 21.3%.

Conclusions:

This investigation provides a clearer understanding of ICU utilization among patients aged 65 years and older in NYC. Ongoing monitoring is warranted given projections that the proportion of New Yorkers aged 65 years and older will increase in coming years. In particular, in light of the observed increase of infectious principal diagnoses during the study period, further investigation is needed into the role of infectious disease in causing critical illness in NYC.
Use of Lumen‐apposing Metal Stents for Endoscopic Drainage of Intra‐abdominal Fluid Collections in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Costa Peter A. , Ho Sammy , Manvar Amar , Rivas Yolanda , Novak Inna
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

Intraabdominal fluid collections that previously required surgical intervention can now be drained with less invasive techniques. The use of lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMS) to treat pancreatic pseudocysts and perirectal abscesses has been shown to be a safe and effective technique in adults. We aim to evaluate the indications, outcomes, and complications of the use of LAMS in pediatric patients at our institution.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed to study patients up to 18 years of age at the Children's Hospital at Montefiore who underwent drainage of intraabdominal fluid collections with the use of LAMS. The main outcome measures were technical and clinical success and associated adverse events with LAMS placement.

Results:

Seven patients (2 girls) ranging from 9 to 18 years were identified. Four patients had perirectal abscess postperforated appendicitis and 3 patients had pancreatic pseudocysts. All of the patients had complete resolution of the collections, with no recurrence, and our technical and clinical success rate was 100%. Only 1 patient had mild bleeding after placement that spontaneously resolved.

Discussion:

Our study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of the use of LAMS for the drainage of intraabdominal fluid collections in pediatric patients, although the number of patients included is limited.
Evidence on Fall and Injurious Fall Prevention Interventions in Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Zhao Yunchuan (Lucy) , Bott Marjorie , He Jianghua , Kim Heejung , Park Shin Hye , Dunton Nancy
Published: October 2019

Falls and injurious falls are a major safety concern for patient care in acute care hospitals. Inpatient falls and injurious falls can cause extra financial burden to patients, families, and healthcare facilities. This article provides clinical implications and recommendations for adult inpatient fall and injurious fall prevention through a brief review of factors associated with falls and injurious falls and current fall prevention practices in acute care hospitals.
Leveraging the Power of Board Leadership in Professional Nursing Organizations
Authors: Cherry Barbara , Caramanica Laura , Everett Linda Q. , Fennimore Laura , Scott Elaine
Published: October 2019

Nurses who aspire to lead a professional nursing organization can significantly influence the future of the nursing profession. This article describes 4 essential responsibilities required in a board leadership position as identified by a group of nurse leaders who have each served as the board president of a national or international professional nursing organization.
The Impact of Nursing Work and Engagement on Patient Falls
Authors: Zadvinskis Inga M. , Carr Jaclyn , Schweitzer Kelli E. , Patil Nirav , Clifton William D. , Ebert Kathleen E.
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVE

This study explored the relationships between nurse-sensitive structures, processes (work engagement [WE], frequency of fall risk discussion during report, and frequency of purposeful rounds), and patient falls.

BACKGROUND

Strong WE is associated with better nurse-assessed quality of care, but previous research is limited by self-reported outcome measures.

METHODS

We used a descriptive, cross-sectional, survey design with 41 nursing units from 7 hospitals. Nurses completed a survey including the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators reports provided falls data.

RESULTS

WE was not related to patient falls, even after controlling for RN staffing and skill mix. The nursing units that had more nurses performing frequent purposeful rounds experienced greater falls with injury. Highly engaged nurses participated more in purposeful rounding and discussion of fall risk during bedside report than less engaged nurses.

CONCLUSIONS

Further research is needed to understand the impact of WE on patient outcomes.
Evaluating Pelvic Floor Muscle Contractility Using Two-Dimensional Transperineal Ultrasonography in Patients With Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Ouchi Mifuka , Kitta Takeya , Suzuki Shigeyuki , Shinohara Nobuo , Kato Kumiko
Published: October 2019

(Abstracted from Neurourol Urodyn 2019;38:1363–1369)

Pelvic function has a significant role in the pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). First-line treatment for POP is pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), which is widely prescribed for this purpose.
Social Media in Public Health: Strategies to Distill, Package, and Disseminate Public Health Research
Authors: Gatewood Johanzynn , Monks Sheryl L. , Singletary Camelia R. , Vidrascu Elena , Moore Justin B.
Published: October 2019

The worldwide expansion of users on the Internet has popularized the access of individuals to information that may not be obtained otherwise. Social media has fostered interactions between individuals and health organizations by changing the nature and speed of engagement. While it is known that many public health organizations use social media to engage their audiences, little is known about effective strategies and best practices for the dissemination of knowledge and audience engagement. Many barriers exist in the dissemination of public health messages, including limited funds to support information sharing. Blogs and social media networking sites can be dynamic, cost-effective communication tools with the potential to reach scientific, practitioner, and public audiences who may be missed through traditional outlets. This article describes rudimentary processes of developing a blog and using social media to disseminate public health information and potential applications in the day-to-day activities for other public health organizations. With the growing demand for instant communication and concise information, a strong Internet presence could help organizations maximize their reach and impact.
After-Hours EEG: Relative Value of Emergent Routine Versus Prolonged EEG Recordings
Authors: Singh Jaysingh , Britton Jeffrey , Alwaki Abdulrahman , Singh Priti
Published: October 2019

Objective:

After-hours EEG is increasingly used in hospital patients. Although the detection of seizures and interictal epileptiform discharges has been shown to be higher with prolonged EEG (pEEG) than routine-duration EEG, the relative value for particular indications can inform utilization.

Method:

The Mayo EEG Report System was queried for after-hours emergent routine EEG (ErEEG) and pEEG performed between January 2015 and June 2015. Total 296 after-hours ErEEG were identified, of which 140 converted into pEEG were included in the study for direct comparison of two modalities. Indications were categorized as: mental status changes, recent seizures rule out continued nonconvulsive seizures, spells, and prognosis after anoxic brain injury. Categorical data were analyzed using the McNemar and Fisher exact tests; a P value of 0.05 was considered significant.

Result:

Prolonged EEG was superior to ErEEG for detection of interictal epileptiform discharges (61 vs. 48/140, P = 0.004) and seizures (29 vs. 17/140, P = 0.012). Seizure detection was greater for pEEG than ErEEG for the indication of evaluating for subclinical seizures after recent observed clinical seizures (14/41 [34.1%] versus 4/41 [9.8%], P = 0.002). There was no significant difference between modalities for seizure detection in patients undergoing evaluation of spells or mental status changes without previous observed seizures. Detection of seizures on pEEG was higher for recordings greater than 24 hours (8/46, 17%, P = 0.014) and 48 hours (19/26, 73%, P < 0.001) than recordings less than 24 hours (2/68, 3%). Seizure detection was higher with pEEG in comatose patients than ErEEG (17/51, 33% vs. 12/89, 13%; P = 0.009).

Conclusions:

Increased value was demonstrated for pEEG over ErEEG in patients undergoing evaluation after observed recent clinical seizures and for coma. No significant difference was found between ErEEG and pEEG for seizure detection in the relatively small subgroups of patients with mental status changes other than coma and without preceding seizure or spells.
Network-based metrics of resilience and ecological memory in lake ecosystems
Authors: Armstrong McKay David I. , Dyke James G. , Doncaster C. Patrick , Dearing John A. , Wang Rong
Published: October 2019

Some ecosystems undergo abrupt transitions to a new regime after passing a tipping point in an exogenous stressor, for example lakes shifting from a clear to turbid ‘eutrophic’ state in response to nutrient-enrichment. Metrics-based resilience indicators have been developed as early warning signals of these shifts but have not always proved reliable indicators. Alternative approaches focus on changes in the composition and structure of an ecosystem, which can require long-term food-web observations that are typically beyond the scope of monitoring. Here we prototype a network-based algorithm for estimating ecosystem resilience, which reconstructs past ecological networks solely from palaeoecological abundance data. Resilience is estimated using local stability analysis, and eco-net energy: a neural network-based proxy for ‘ecological memory’. We test the algorithm on modelled (PCLake+) and empirical (lake Erhai) data. The metrics identify increasing diatom community instability during eutrophication in both cases, with eco-net energy revealing complex eco-memory dynamics. The concept of ecological memory opens a new dimension for understanding ecosystem resilience and regime shifts, with eco-memory potentially increasing ecosystem resilience by allowing past memorised eco-network states to be recovered after disruptions.
On the nomological net of (non-)workaholic subtypes
Authors: Ontrup Greta , Patrzek Justine
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Research on workaholism distinguishes between enthusiastic and non-enthusiastic workaholics, a typology used in many studies. Yet, the methodical foundation on which the derivation of the types is based lacks robust statistical evidence. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to replicate the often-cited typology of enthusiastic and non-enthusiastic workaholics (and non-workaholic subtypes), based on model-based clustering as a robust statistical technique; and second, to validate the class solution based on affective, cognitive and behavioral measures.

Design/methodology/approach

The study followed a cross-sectional design, targeting a sample of people from various fields of industries. An online questionnaire was distributed; workaholism was assessed with McMillan et al.’s (2002) Work-BAT-R scales. A total of 537 respondents’ data were analyzed.

Findings

Latent profile analysis extracted four classes, namely, enthusiastic and non-enthusiastic workaholics and relaxed and uninvolved non-workaholics. As expected, workers characterized by high enjoyment (enthusiasts and relaxed) showed higher job satisfaction and occupational self-efficacy than workers with low enjoyment (non-enthusiasts and uninvolved). Relaxed workers reported higher life satisfaction than all other classes.

Originality/value

The robust methodology applied establishes a good starting point for future studies investigating workers subtypes: the replication suggests that the workaholic subtypes might be core profiles that occur in different populations with regularity. As a next step, the replication of the typology based on alternative operationalizations of workaholism is proposed for future studies.
Novel design of an optimized synergetic control for dual stator induction motor
Authors: Guermit Hossine , Kouzi Katia , Bessedik Sid Ahmed
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to present a contribution to improve the performance of vector control scheme of double star induction motor drive (DSIM) by using an optimized synergetic control approach. The main advantage of synergetic control is that it supports all parametric and nonparametric uncertainties, which is not the case in several control strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

The suggested controller is developed based on the synergistic control theory and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm which allow to obtain the optimal parameter of suggested controller to improve the performance of control system.

Findings

To show the benefits of proposed controller, a comparative simulation results between conventional PI controller, sliding mode controller and suggested controller were carried out.

Originality/value

The obtained simulation results illustrate clearly that synergetic controller ensures a rapid response, asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system in the all range operating condition and system robustness in presence of parameter variation in all range of operating conditions.
Multinational enterprises and economic inequality
Authors: Rygh Asmund
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This paper contributes to laying a foundation for a research agenda in international business (IB) on multinational enterprises (MNEs) and economic inequality, through an extensive literature review and development of a conceptual framework.

Design/methodology/approach

The author conduct a systematic review of studies on economic inequality in IB literature, complemented by a broader selective review of studies in general management, economics, political science, sociology and other disciplines.

Findings

The review confirms that economic inequality has received little attention in IB research. Most contributions are recent conceptual studies, while empirical studies are scarce. Studies in economics and other disciplines provide further insights on the effects of MNEs on inequality, although specific findings are somewhat mixed.

Research limitations/implications

The author develop a simple framework outlining channels of effects from MNEs activities on different forms of inequality, discuss challenges and opportunities for IB in addressing this topic and identify some avenues for future IB research on economic inequality.

Originality/value

This paper is the first comprehensive review of literature in IB on economic inequality. It also presents relevant literature on MNEs and economic inequality from various other disciplines and outlines the contributions that the IB discipline can make to the study of this topic.
Design guidelines for female Muslim prayer facilities in public buildings
Authors: Mokhtar Ahmed Hanafi
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Practicing Muslims pray five times a day during specified periods. Hence, public buildings in many Muslim-majority countries tend to have prayer facilities. These facilities are typically gender-segregated. Unfortunately, for a long time, the main focus for the design of these facilities has been on the male facilities. As a result, many female users suffer from using facilities that are not safe, hygienic or comfortable. Part of the reason is the lack of guidelines that help designers provide a facility that satisfies the needs of female users. This paper aims to address this problem with a focus on prayer facilities that are in public buildings and not in mosques.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper offers design guidelines that are based on interviews with female users, analysis of well-designed female prayer facilities, observations of users’ behavior, feedback from users on previously developed guidelines that are shared with male prayer facilities, and relevant religious rulings.

Findings

The guidelines address the location of the facility, the zoning and circulation and the design considerations for the prayer space, as well as the reception area and the ablution space. It also recommends a design for an ablution unit that better fits female users. Finally, the paper analyzes an existing design for a female prayer facility in a shopping mall and shows how a change in the design based on this paper’s recommended guidelines can achieve better safety, hygiene and comfort for female users.

Originality/value

The paper focus is new and should trigger the discussion on this aspect of facilities design where needed.
Housing voices: using theatre and film to engage people in later life housing and health conversations
Authors: Bailey Cathy , Forster Natalie , Douglas Barbara , Webster Saaremets Claire , Salamon Esther
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Quality, accessible and appropriate housing is key to older people’s ability to live independently. The purpose of this paper is to understand older people’s housing aspirations and whether these are currently being met. Evidence suggests one in five households occupied by older people in England does not meet the standard of a decent home. The Building Research Establishment has calculated that poor housing costs the English National Health Service £1,4bn annually (Roys et al., 2016).

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reports on the findings of a participatory theatre approach to engaging with those not often heard from – notably, those ageing without children and older people with primary responsibility for ageing relatives – about planning for housing decisions in later life. The project was led by an older people’s forum, Elders Council, with Skimstone Arts organisation and Northumbria University, in the north east of England.

Findings

Findings suggest there is an urgent need to listen to and engage with people about their later life housing aspirations. There is also a need to use this evidence to inform housing, health and social care policy makers, practitioners, service commissioners and providers and product and service designers, to encourage older people to become informed and plan ahead.

Research limitations/implications

Use of a participatory theatre approach facilitated people to explore their own decision making and identify the types of information and support they need to make critical decisions about their housing in later life. Such insights can generate evidence for future housing, social care and health needs. Findings endorse the recent Communities and Local Government (2018) Select Committee Inquiry and report on Housing for Older People and the need for a national strategy for older people’s housing.

Originality/value

Although this call is evidenced through an English national case study, from within the context of global population ageing, it has international relevance.
Major barriers to the diffusion of bio-digestion technology in Pakistan
Authors: Zainab Atoofa , Liaquat Rabia , Meraj Saadia
Published: October 2019

Purpose

In Pakistan, a major portion of population resides in rural areas that suffers severe energy shortage for agricultural and domestic need. Bio-digestion technology can play a significant role in the eradication of fuel energy shortage, given the socio-economic condition of rural communities. Despite of the efforts made by government organizations and NGOs for this technology promotion, it is still hampered by limited functionality and low rate of diffusion. Hence, this paper aimed at comprehensive systematic analysis to find out the underlying causes of slow technology dissemination.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors have analyzed the case of bio-digestion technology using the technological innovation system (TIS) approach. They have identified the barriers that effect the widespread technology diffusion followed by studying their impact on each of TIS functional element.

Findings

The authors’ analysis points to the two main root causes which are lack of cohesive coordination between key stakeholders and poor functionality in legitimization, knowledge development and resource mobilization domain.

Practical implications

This paper also provided implications for national policy makers and key stakeholders for the attainment of well-functioning innovation system for bio-digestion technology by removing the existing barriers.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that has incorporated the comprehensive framework of TIS in the context of Pakistan to explain the malfunctioning of innovation system that is hindering the technology adoption and dissemination.
The dynamic outcomes of service quality: a longitudinal investigation
Authors: Hussain Khalid , Jing Fengjie , Junaid Muhammad , Bukhari Farasat Ali Shah , Shi Huayu
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to suggest that the effects of service quality (SQ) on outcome variables may shift over time. However, scant attention has been paid to capturing that shift. The current study uses the theory of relationship dynamics to capture the rate and direction of change in the effects of SQ attributes on customer satisfaction (CS) and emotional attachment (EA). For this purpose, the study takes CS-velocity and EA-velocity as dynamic outcomes of SQ.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 306 restaurant consumers responded to a structured questionnaire at three points in time. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out, followed by analysis of the data through latent growth curve modeling using MPlus (Version 8.1).

Findings

SQ attributes positively affect CS and EA, but these effects diminish over time, as SQ attributes negatively influence CS-velocity and EA-velocity. In addition, the study demonstrates that dynamic elements strongly impact behavioral intentions (BI).

Practical implications

The study enables service and relationship marketing managers to better understand the role of SQ attributes in maintaining longitudinal satisfaction, attachment and BI. The insights from this longitudinal investigation help managers to formulate long-term service management and relationship management strategies.

Originality/value

This study is the first attempt to examine SQ’s dynamic outcomes using longitudinal panel data. It is the first study to introduce EA-velocity as a dynamic construct of EA and the first to examine the relationships of CS-velocity and EA-velocity with BI.
Do board interlocks support monitoring effectiveness?
Authors: Handschumacher Franziska , Behrmann Maximilian , Ceschinski Willi , Sassen Remmer
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between board interlocks and monitoring effectiveness for listed German companies in a context of risk governance. While agency-theory and resource-dependence-theory suggest a positive association between board interlocks and monitoring effectiveness, reasons such as limited temporal resources of busy board members may suggest a negative association.

Design/methodology/approach

By using panel data regression, the authors examined the association between board interlocks and monitoring effectiveness, which was approximated by excessive management compensation, pay-for-performance-sensitivity and CEO turnover-performance-sensitivity. The data set comprises 3,998 directorships for 132 listed German companies covering the period 2015-2017.

Findings

The authors find that board interlocks are associated with not only a more excessive management pay and less performance-sensitive turnover but also a higher pay-for-performance-sensitivity.

Originality/value

The study examines the impact of multiple directorships based on a German panel data set that includes both multiple appointments of members to national supervisory boards and all other appointments to national and international executive and supervisory bodies. The authors compile three measures to operationalize monitoring effectiveness.
Age-friendly communities for older persons with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Miskimmin Caley , Shooshtari Shahin , Menec Verena , Duncan Karen A. , Martin Toby , Stoesz Brenda M.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The life expectancy for persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) has increased significantly, resulting in an increasing number of aging persons with ID. To promote healthy and active aging of persons with ID, discussions on new initiatives to design age-friendly communities have begun at local and international levels. The purpose of this paper, a qualitative research study, is to identify features of an age-friendly community, and facilitators and barriers from the perspectives of older adults with mild ID and their caregivers who live in the city of Winnipeg in Canada.

Design/methodology/approach

Seven older persons with mild ID were interviewed, and 15 caregivers participated in focus group discussions. All participants were asked questions about features of community living and their experiences in eight broad topic areas (i.e. transportation, housing, social participation, respect and social inclusion, opportunities for community involvement, communication and information, community support and healthcare services, and outdoor spaces and buildings).

Findings

The results indicated that many of the current features of the city of Winnipeg do not adequately address the needs of aging persons with ID; specifically, participants revealed that issues related to accessibility, social participation, social disrespect and inclusion, and lack of resources were important barriers to independence.

Originality/value

The findings will increase awareness of the needs of aging persons with ID and inform programme planning, service delivery, coordination of community-based services and policies to support healthy and active aging for this vulnerable population.