bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GASTON: Galactic Star Formation with NIKA2 A new population of cold massive sources discovered
Authors: Peretto N. , Rigby A. , Adam R. , Ade P. , André P. , Andrianasolo A. , Aussel H. , Bacmann A. , Beelen A. , Benoît A. , Bideaud A. , Bourrion O. , Calvo M. , Catalano A. , Comis B. , De Petris M. , Désert F.-X. , Doyle S. , Driessen E.F.C. , Gomez A. , Goupy J. , Kéruzoré F. , Kramer C. , Ladjelate B. , Lagache G. , Leclercq S. , Lestrade J.-F. , Macías-Pérez J.F. , Mauskopf P. , Mayet F. , Monfardini A. , Motte F. , Perotto L. , Pisano G. , Ponthieu N. , Revéret V. , Ristorcelli I. , Ritacco A. , Romero C. , Roussel H. , Ruppin F. , Schuster K. , Shu S. , Sievers A. , Tucker C. , Zylka R.
Published: January 2020

Understanding where and when the mass of stars is determined is one of the fundamental, mostly unsolved, questions in astronomy. Here, we present the first results of GASTON, the Galactic Star Formation with NIKA2 large programme on the IRAM 30m telescope, that aims to identify new populations of low-brightness sources to tackle the question of stellar mass determination across all masses. In this paper, we focus on the high-mass star formation part of the project, for which we map a ~ 2 deg2 region of the Galactic plane around l = 24° in both 1.2 mm and 2.0 mm continuum. Half-way through the project, we reach a sensitivity of 3.7 mJy/beam at 1.2mm. Even though larger than our target sensitivity of 2 mJy, the current sensitivity already allows the identification of a new population of cold, compact sources that remained undetected in any (sub-)mm Galactic plane survey so far. In fact, about 25% of the ~ 1600 compact sources identified in the 1.2mm GASTON image are new detections. We present a preliminary analysis of the physical properties of the GASTON sources as a function of their evolutionary stage, arguing for a potential evolution of the mass distribution of these sources with time.
The NIKA polarimeter on science targets: Crab nebula observations at 150 GHz and dual-band polarization images of Orion Molecular Cloud OMC-1
Authors: Ritacco A. , Adam R. , Ade P. , André P. , Andrianasolo A. , Aussel H. , Beelen A. , Benoît A. , Bideaud A. , Bourrion O. , Calvo M. , Catalano A. , Comis B. , De Petris M. , Désert F.-X. , Doyle S. , Driessen E.F.C. , Gomez A. , Goupy J. , Kéruzoré F. , Kramer C. , Ladjelate B. , Lagache G. , Leclercq S. , Lestrade J.-F. , Macías-Pérez J.F. , Mauskopf P. , Maury A. , Mayet F. , Monfardini A. , Perotto L. , Pisano G. , Ponthieu N. , Revéret V. , Romero C. , Roussel H. , Ruppin F. , Schuster K. , Shu S. , Sievers A. , Tucker C. , Zylka R.
Published: January 2020

We present here the polarization system of the NIKA camera and give a summary of the main results obtained and performed studies on Orion and the Crab nebula. The polarization system was equipped with a room temperature continuously rotating multi-mesh half wave plate and a grid polarizer facing the NIKA cryostat window. NIKA even though less sensitive than NIKA2 had polarization capability in both 1 and 2 millimiter bands. NIKA polarization observations demonstrated the ability of such a technology in detecting the polarization of different targets, compact and extended sources like the Crab nebula and Orion Molecular Cloud region OMC-1. These measurements together with the developed techniques to deal with systematics, opened the way to the current observations of NIKA2 in polarization that will provide important advances in the studies of galactic and extra-galactic emission and magnetic fields.
Mapping the gas thermodynamic properties of the massive cluster merger MOO J1142+1527 at z = 1.2
Authors: Ruppin F. , Adam R. , Ade P. , André P. , Andrianasolo A. , Arnaud M. , Aussel H. , Bartalucci I. , Bautz M.W. , Beelen A. , Benoît A. , Bideaud A. , Bourrion O. , Brodwin M. , Calvo M. , Catalano A. , Comis B. , Decker B. , De Petris M. , Désert F.-X. , Doyle S. , Driessen E. F. C. , Eisenhardt P. R. M. , Gomez A. , Gonzalez A. H. , Goupy J. , Kéruzoré F. , Kramer C. , Ladjelate B. , Lagache G. , Leclercq S. , Lestrade J.-F. , Macías-Pérez J.F. , Mauskopf P. , Mayet F. , McDonald M. , Monfardini A. , Moravec E. , Perotto L. , Pisano G. , Pointecouteau E. , Ponthieu N. , Pratt G. W. , Revéret V. , Ritacco A. , Romero C. , Roussel H. , Schuster K. , Shu S. , Sievers A. , Stanford S. A. , Stern D. , Tucker C. , Zylka R.
Published: January 2020

We present the results of the analysis of the very massive cluster MOO J1142+1527 at a redshift z = 1.2 based on high angular resolution NIKA2 Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) andChandraX-ray data. This multi-wavelength analysis enables us to estimate the shape of the temperature profile with unprecedented precision at this redshift and to obtain a map of the gas entropy distribution averaged along the line of sight. The comparison between the cluster morphological properties observed in the NIKA2 andChandramaps together with the analysis of the entropy map allows us to conclude that MOOJ1142+1527 is an on-going merger hosting a cool-core at the position of the X-ray peak. This work demonstrates how the addition of spatially-resolved SZ observations to low signal-to-noise X-ray data can bring valuable insights on the intracluster medium thermodynamic properties atz>1.
Impact of secondary salinisation on the structure and diversity of oligochaete communities
Authors: Sowa Agnieszka , Krodkiewska Mariola
Published: January 2020

Secondary salinisation has become one of the most important factors responsible for changes in the aquatic biota. Earlier research has focused on macroinvertebrates including oligochaetes in anthropogenically saline rivers and streams, but studies on oligochaetes in anthropogenically saline stagnant waters remain scarce. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess changes in the species composition as well as the abundance and biomass of oligochaete communities along a large salinity gradient in the anthropogenic inland water bodies located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Southern Poland), which is one of the largest coal basins in Europe. Herein, a total of 27 oligochaete species including five alien species were assessed, namely,Potamothrix bavaricus,Potamothrix hammoniensis,Potamothrix moldaviensis,Psammoryctidesalbicola,andPsammoryctides barbatus. The results confirmed that the freshwater oligochaetes could tolerate elevated water salinity and showed highest densities and taxa richness in intermediate salinity. Moreover, the waters with the highest salinity had an extremely low number of oligochaete species. A salinity level above 2800 mg L−1led to significant loss of diversity of the oligochaetes, and consequently, these habitats were colonized by halotolerant species, especiallyParanais litoralis, whose abundance increased with increasing salinity gradient.
Temperature rise characteristics of the valve-controlled adjustable damping shock absorber
Authors: Xie Fangwei , Cao Jinxin , Ding Erming , Wan Kuaidi , Yu Xinshi , Ke Jun , Gao Kuidong
Published: January 2020

The thermodynamic study of the valve-controlled adjustable damping shock absorber is conducted in order to solve the problem of oil leakage caused by excessive temperature rise of shock absorber. In this paper, the temperature rise of the valve-controlled adjustable damping shock absorber is analyzed from the perspective of energy conservation. Combined with the theory of fluid mechanics, the damping heat model is established, and the heat dissipation model of the shock absorber is established based on heat convection, heat conduction and heat radiation. The corresponding thermal equilibrium equation is established on the basis of damping heat and heat dissipation. The effects of vibration velocity, outer diameter, thickness and length of reservoir cylinder, and wind velocity on its thermal performance have been investigated. Specifically, temperature after thermal equilibrium will grow with the increase of vibration velocity and thickness of reservoir cylinder and degrade with the increase of outer diameter, length of reservoir cylinder and wind velocity. The higher the balance temperature, the shorter time is required to arrive thermal equilibrium. The difference between the experimental and simulation values of oil temperature after thermal equilibrium was not more than 2 °C, which verified the correctness of the theoretical model, while the experimental value in the process of temperature rise lagged behind the simulation value, which was mainly caused by the cumulative error of step-by-step iteration and the mechanical hysteresis in the experiment. The conclusions obtained can provide some references for the design of shock absorbers.
Viscous fingering in the presence of weak disorder
Authors: Bettelheim Eldad , Agam Oded
Published: January 2020

We consider the problem of viscous fingering in the presence of quenched disorder, that is both weak and short-range correlated. The two-point correlation function of the harmonic measure is calculated perturbatively, and is used in order to calculate the correction and the box-counting fractal dimension. We show that the disorder increases the fractal dimension, and that its effect decreases logarithmically with the size of the fractal.
Overcoming local constraints when developing renewable energy systems for the electrification of remote areas in Africa
Authors: Kenfack Joseph , Voufo Joseph , Ngohe Ekam Paul Salomon , Lewetchou Jeanine K. , Nzotcha Urbain
Published: January 2020

Sub Saharan Africa has a great renewable energy potential. Rural areas are suffering from poor energy access. Some systems designed to address this issue are still faced with some difficulties. Appropriate approaches and energy plant development will help remote areas to address the issue of electricity access. The current development of some micro hydro and micro solar energy plants is of poor quality and maintenance, sometimes resulting in failures. There are also some common mistakes made when promoting (designing) an energy system in an African environment. Identifying issues from local constraints and lessons learned will contribute to determining the appropriate sizing, technology and tools to correctly develop micro hydro and micro solar energy plants.
Return to Sports after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: a Matched-Pair Analysis of Repair with Internal Brace and Reconstruction Using Hamstring or Quadriceps Tendons
Authors: Ortmaier Reinhold , Fink Christian , Schobersberger Wolfgang , Kindermann Harald , Leister Iris , Runer Armin , Hepperger Caroline , Blank Cornelia , Mattiassich Georg
Published: January 2020

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate sports activity before anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and after surgical treatment of ACL rupture comparing ACL repair with an Internal Brace to ACL reconstruction using either a hamstring (HT) or quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft.

Methods Between 12/2015 and 10/2016, we recruited 69 patients with a mean age of 33.4 years for a matched-pair analysis. Twenty-four patients who underwent Internal Brace reconstruction were matched according to age (± 5 years), gender, Tegner activity scale (± 1), BMI (± 1) and concomitant injuries with 25 patients who had undergone HT reconstruction and 20 patients who had undergone QT reconstruction. The minimum follow-up was 12 months.

Results Overall, the return-to-sports rate was 91.3 %. There were no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in the number of sports disciplines and the time before return to sports within or among the groups. Overall and within the groups, the level of sports participation did not change significantly (p ≥ 0.05) postoperatively. The patients' sense of well-being was excellent after either ACL repair with an Internal Brace or ACL reconstruction with autologous HT or QT.

Conclusion At short-term follow-up, ACL repair using an Internal Brace enables sports activity and provides a sense of well-being similar to that of classic ACL reconstruction using hamstring or quadriceps tendon autografts in a selected patient population. Level of Evidence: Level III Retrospective comparative study.
Darm mit Hirn
Authors: Pfanzelt Ingrid
Published: January 2020

Der Darm und das Gehirn sind durch ein komplexes Nervensystem miteinander verbunden. Gefühle, die nicht bewusst gespürt werden können, übertragen sich auf den Darm und verursachen dort Symptome. Viele Darmerkrankungen haben eine psychosomatische Komponente und können durch ein homöopathisches Arzneimittel, das der psychischen Dynamik der Erkrankung entspricht, positiv beeinflusst werden. Dieser Zusammenhang wird an 2 Fallbeispielen gezeigt.
„Honeymoon-“ und „Rebound-Effekt“ in der Homöopathie
Authors: Abermann Christoph , Klinger Kerstin
Published: January 2020

„Honeymoon-“ und „Rebound-Effekt“ sind 2 mögliche Reaktionsweisen auf eine korrekt verschriebene homöopathische Arznei, die v. a. bei der Behandlung chronischer Krankheiten vorkommen. Das Wissen über diese Reaktionsmöglichkeiten hilft dem Homöopathen in der Verlaufsbeurteilung.
Der Darm und das Symptomenlexikon
Authors: Rohrer Anton
Published: January 2020

Darmerkrankungen als klassisch psychosomatische Erkrankungen sind sehr gut für eine homöopathische Behandlung geeignet. Eine Krankengeschichte zeigt die Arzneifindung mit dem Symptomenlexikon.
Current State of the Art on the Antioxidant Activity of Sage (Salvia spp.) and Its Bioactive Components
Authors: Poulios Efthymios , Giaginis Constantinos , Vasios Georgios K.
Published: January 2020

Common sage (Salvia spp., with the most common species Salvia officinalis) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant due to its bioactive components, secondary products of its metabolism. These components are mainly phenolics, terpenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids. Many studies have identified their important role in fighting oxidative stress in cells and organisms, together with their anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory role. There are many methods measuring the antioxidant activity of sage phenolic components, usually based on radical scavenging of free radical species, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and determining the absorbance of the reduced product by a photometric assay. In addition, there are several in vitro and in vivo studies determining the protection of sage extracts in cells in culture or animals, respectively, after induction of oxidative stress. In this review, results from the currently available studies that unravel the significant role of sage bioactive compounds, as antioxidant compounds, and the variety of methods used have been critically analyzed and discussed.
Thromboprophylaxis with Rivaroxaban in Acutely Ill Medical Patients with Renal Impairment: Insights from the MAGELLAN and MARINER Trials
Authors: Weitz Jeffrey I. , Raskob Gary E. , Spyropoulos Alex C. , Spiro Theodore E. , De Sanctis Yoriko , Xu Jianfeng , Lu Wentao , Suh Eunyoung , Argenti Domenick , Yang Haitao , Albanese John , Lipardi Concetta , Barnathan Elliot S.
Published: January 2020

Patients with renal impairment are at higher risk of thrombosis and bleeding than those with normal renal function. The optimal rivaroxaban dose for thromboprophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients with renal impairment is unknown. MARINER and MAGELLAN were multicenter, randomized clinical trials of rivaroxaban in acutely ill medical patients. Efficacy and safety outcomes in patients with renal impairment in MARINER (7.5 mg once daily) were compared with those in patients with normal renal function in MARINER (10 mg once daily) and in a subpopulation of MAGELLAN that excluded patients at high risk for bleeding at baseline (10 mg once daily). Compared with enoxaparin/placebo in the MAGELLAN subpopulation, the relative risk (RR) of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) and VTE-related death with rivaroxaban 10 mg in patients with renal impairment (RR = 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27–1.44) was similar to that in those with normal renal function (RR = 0.78; 95% CI 0.44–1.40), while in MARINER, the 7.5 mg dose did not reduce the risk in patients with renal impairment (hazard ratio = 1.00; 95% CI 0.52–1.92). Major bleeding with rivaroxaban 10 mg once daily was higher in patients with renal impairment than in those with normal renal function in MAGELLAN (1.54% vs. 0.98%) and in the MAGELLAN subpopulation (0.94% vs. 0.61%). At a dose of 10 mg once daily, rivaroxaban is effective for thromboprophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients with impaired or normal renal function. The safety of this regimen is enhanced without loss of efficacy by excluding patients at high risk for bleeding, but not by using a reduced-dose strategy.

Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00571649 for the MAGELLAN trial, NCT02111564 for the MARINER trial.
Phoenixin and Its Role in Reproductive Hormone Release
Authors: Clarke Sophie A. , Dhillo Waljit S.
Published: January 2020

Phoenixin is novel neuropeptide, recently identified following the description of a peptide sequence highly conserved across several animal species, including humans, cows, and pigs. Expressed both centrally in the hypothalamus and arcuate nucleus and peripherally in cardiac and gastrointestinal tissue, it appears to modulate reproductive hormone secretion in a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone–dependent manner and may also influence anxiety and memory. While there remains much to be described regarding its signaling, this review assesses the currently available literature in both animal and human studies to summarize our understanding of the physiological role of this novel neuropeptide, and its function in reproductive hormone release.
Neuropeptide Control of Puberty: Beyond Kisspeptins
Authors: Barroso Alexia , Roa Juan , Tena-Sempere Manuel
Published: January 2020

Puberty is a fundamental developmental event in the lifespan of any individual, when sexual and somatic maturation is completed, and reproductive capacity is achieved. While the tempo of puberty is under strong genetic determination, it is also modulated by a wide array of internal and environmental cues, including, prominently, nutritional and metabolic signals. In the last decade, our understanding of the neurohormonal basis of normal puberty and its perturbations has enlarged considerably. This is illustrated by the elucidation of the essential roles of kisspeptins, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, in the hypothalamic circuits controlling puberty. Moreover, other neuropeptide pathways, convergent with kisspeptin signaling, have been pointed out as important coregulators of pubertal timing. These include the cotransmitters of Kiss1 neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), neurokinin B, and dynorphin, as well as melanocortins, produced by ARC neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin, which are endowed with key roles also in the control of metabolic homeostasis. This neuropeptide setup seemingly participates, in a coordinated manner, in transmitting the regulatory actions of metabolic cues on pubertal maturation. In this function, cellular metabolic sensors, such as the AMP-activated protein kinase, and the fuel-sensing deacetylase, SIRT1, have also been shown recently to contribute to the metabolic regulation of puberty. Altogether, elucidation of the physiological roles of these signals and regulatory circuits will help uncover the intimacies of the brain control of puberty, and its alterations in conditions of metabolic stress, ranging from subnutrition to obesity.
Natal Tooth: A Histomorphologic Variant, a Rarity
Authors: Sadaksharam Jayachandran , Jeba Priya Jesupatham Sophia
Published: January 2020

Presence of natal or neonatal teeth in a newborn is rare, that is, 1 in 3,000 cases. Various etiological factors have been put forth explaining the presence of natal teeth but they are not very clear. Although some authors have suggested that these teeth may represent predeciduous supernumerary teeth, most of these teeth represent prematurely erupted portions of the deciduous dentition, not supernumerary teeth. They can be left untreated in some cases if they do not cause any difficulty to the mother while feeding or do not pose a risk of swallowing in the newborn. One such case of natal tooth with histological variation is presented here.
Bifid tongue - a case report
Authors: Kulkarni Umesh K. , Kulkarni Deepali U.
Published: January 2020

Disturbance in the organogenesis of tongue might lead to some malformations like tongue tie, bifid tongue and micro - macroglossia. These anomalies may cause speech impairment and social problems. Here we discuss a case of bifid tongue involving the anterior 2/3rd of tongue reported in a 14 year old male patient without any other orofacial defect or without any associated syndrome.
Average Tibial Plateau Angle of 3,922 Stifles Undergoing Surgical Stabilization for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Authors: Fox Elisabeth A. , Dycus David L. , Leasure Christopher S. , Fox Herbert A. , Canapp Sherman O.
Published: January 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to report the average tibial plateau angle (TPA) from a large sample of dogs and to determine if breed or gonadectomy had a significant association with abnormal TPA.

Study Design This was a retrospective case study.

Materials and Methods Medical records from 2006 to 2015 were reviewed for dogs that were diagnosed with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture and underwent dynamic surgical stabilization. Signalment, examination findings, preoperative TPA and surgical report were reviewed.

Results A total of 3,249 dogs underwent CrCL stabilization surgery from 2006 to 2015. Of the 3,249 dogs, 3,054 dogs met the inclusion criteria for a total of 3,922 stifles to be evaluated. The average preoperative TPA was 29° ± 3.7°. Average breed-specific preoperative TPA ranged from 27° to 35.1°, with four breeds having significantly lesser TPA and four breeds significantly greater TPA than the overall mean of dogs. Neutered dogs had a higher TPA of 28.87° ± 3.8° than non-neutered dogs with an average TPA of 26.88° ± 4.0°, p < 0.001. There was not a significant difference in average TPA between females and males, regardless of the neuter status.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance Our reported preoperative TPA in a large sample of dogs is higher than what has been previously published. In reviewing 3,922 stifles, the average preoperative TPA was 29°. We report the average preoperative TPA in specific breeds and report that neutered dogs have a significantly higher TPA than intact dogs. This updated information may guide clinicians in management decisions regarding treatment for CrCL rupture.
Modification of the Fetal Profile Line to Measure Reversal of Forehead Slope after Early Repair of Frontoethmoidal Encephalocele
Authors: Das Paramita , Lacey Martin , Guillaume Daniel J.
Published: January 2020

Objective Congenital frontoethmoidal encephaloceles are associated with a shallow sloping forehead. We (1) sought to determine if early repair reverses abnormal forehead slope, and (2) assessed a modification of the fetal profile (FP) line to assess results.

Design Study of two cases.

Participants Newborns with frontoethmoidal encephaloceles repaired prior to the age of 4 months with cranial base bone grafting.

Main Outcome Measures Forehead slope was assessed using a modification of the FP line, defined as the line that passes through the anterior border of the mandible and nasion, on pre and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the midsagittal plane. A modified FP (mFP) line anterior to the forehead was “ − ”, while a posterior (normal) mFP line was “ + .” The largest distance from the mFP line to the forehead was measured.

Results Both infants underwent bifrontal craniotomy, excision of encephalocele, and repair of cribriform plate defect using full-thickness autologous parietal bone before the age of 4 months. Preoperatively, the mFP line was −20.6 mm in case 1, and −9.8 mm in case 2. In both cases, follow-up MRI showed excellent reversal of forehead slope and normal calvarium development. The mFP line improved to +7.4 (age = 16 months) in case 1, and +7.6 (age = 11 months) in case 2. The parietal bone donor site ossified completely within 3 months in both cases.

Conclusion Early repair with bone grafting can promote normal frontal bone development and improve forehead slope. The mFP line is a useful method to measure degree of forehead slope.
Fluorine-Substituted Phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole Derivatives with Optimized Charge-Transfer Characteristics for Efficient Deep-Blue Emitters
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Xie Ning , Xu Yincai , Li Chenglong , Mu Xiaoyue , Wang Yue
Published: January 2020

The development of high-efficiency deep-blue emitters is of great importance for full-color organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this contribution, three difluorine-substituted phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole derivatives with optimized charge-transfer character and deep-blue emission have been developed. It is demonstrated that the fluorine substitution can facilitate the “state mixing” of singlet and triplet excitons, which increases the utilization of triplet excitons. The fluorine substitution also brings more intermolecular interactions which have influence on the molecular packing pattern of the solid states, ultimately impacting their carrier mobilities. Through fine-tuning of molecular structures, 4'-(1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)-N,N-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine (2FPPIDPA) realized a high exciton utilization ratio with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.156, 0.046), and 4'-(1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)-N,N-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine (2FPPIDPA) achieved an external quantum efficiency of 8.47% with CIE coordinates of (0.152, 0.083) in multilayer OLEDs. Due to their good hole-transport abilities, double-layer OLEDs without the hole-transport layer showed performances comparable or even superior to the multilayer ones.
A cadaveric study of anatomical variations of testicular veins
Authors: Antony Anly , Jacinth J. Sujitha
Published: January 2020

Background: Infertility is considered a major public health issue. A multicentric WHO study showed increased frequency of varicocele in infertile couples to vary geographically from 6% to 47%. Some theorize, varicocele results due to anatomical differences between the right and left testicular veins. This disparity is believed, leads to increase in hydrostatic pressure of the left testicular vein, which is subsequently transferred to the venous plexus, causing dilation. Hence knowledge of testicular venous pattern and its variations takes paramount importance. Aims: To study anatomy of testicular veins with focus on: a] normal and occurrence of varying number and patterns of testicular veins b] to find explanations for incidence of some anomalies c] to consider surgical significance of such variations and d] to compare the results of the present study with previous studies. Materials and methods: The study material comprised of 25 embalmed, adult human male cadavers of south Indian origin. Systematic dissection was carried out following the guidelines of Cunninghairr s Manual of Practical Anatomy. Results: On five sides, four testicular veins were found at the deep inguinal ring. On the left side, all testicular veins terminated in the left renal vein with some showing duplication. Variations in the terminations of testicular veins were seen in three of the right sides, which included termination in the right renal vein, junction of the inferior vena cava with the right renal vein and in one case following duplication, veins terminated on the anterior and lateral wall of the inferior vena cava. Conclusion: Termination of testicular veins followed standard text book pattern on the left side, however a slight increase in the duplication of veins was observed on this side. On the right side, testicular veins showed variations in the site of termination and also duplication. Knowledge of these findings can be of importance in clinical practice related to the problems of the testis.
A morphometric study of glenoid cavity and its implication in shoulder arthroplasty and prosthetic designs
Authors: Shalom Philip Elsy , Dakshayani KR
Published: January 2020

Background and aims: Glenoid cavity of scapula is known for its variable morphology. The variations in the shape of glenoid cavity are due to the presence of a notch in its antero-superior part. The glenoid cavity is small and allows only a limited area for fixation devices. Knowledge of its morphology and dimensions would help in designing shoulder prosthesis for shoulder arthroplasty. Aim of current study is to determine the metrical and morphological variations [variation of shapes] of the glenoid cavity of the scapula for a better understanding and management of shoulder pathology. Materials and Method: One hundred dry scapulae of unknown sex availed from the Department of Anatomy, Mysore Medical College were studied. Varying shape of glenoid cavity based on presence of notch was also noted and measurements were taken with the digital Vernier caliper. Results: The glenoid cavity was found to occur in pear, oval, inverted comma shapes in frequency of 65.3%, 28.8%, 5.7% on right side and 62.2%, 27%, 10% on left side respectively. The mean anteroposterior diameter 1 and 2 were 24.05 ± 2.79 mm and 18.31 ± 2.36mm respectively. The mean Glenoid cavity index was 68.05 ± 4.87mm. Conclusion: The findings of the present study concurs with other studies, although there is slight difference in frequency of occurrence of shape of glenoid cavity which could be explained on the basis of ethnic and racial basis. The sound knowledge of various parameters of the glenoid cavity is important while performing shoulder arthroplasty and designing glenoid prostheses
Variable origin of vertebral artery : A Cadaveric and Multidetector computed tomographic study on Indian population
Authors: Sharma Vanita , Pratap Anju , Makhaik Sushma , Chawla Kunal , Kumar Neeraj , Gupta Ankur
Published: January 2020

Background: The knowledge of normal and variant anatomy of vertebral artery is important for the interpretation of vascular radiology and in performing safe vascular procedures like repair of aneurysms, excision of craniocervical junction masses & vertebral endarterectomy. Aim: To find out incidence of left vertebral artery of aortic origin in North Indian population. Materials & Method: During routine dissection of thoracic region, an anatomical variation of origin of left vertebral artery of aortic origin was observed in adult male cadaver. To find out incidence of left vertebral artery of aortic origin in North Indian population, Radiological study was done on 100 patients [34 female + 66 males] who were advised computed tomography of neck & thorax for various indication. Diameter of left vertebral artery at origin from arch of aorta and where it entered foramen transversarium was measured. Length of VI segment i.e. from its origin to where it entered foramen transversarium was also measured. Result: Out of 100 patients, left vertebral artery of aortic origin was observed in 4 patients. Conclusion: Aortic origin of vertebral artery is of diagnostic importance prior to surgery in neck & chest regions. Cadaveric metrological studies are also helpful to design aortic stent
A new design of divided solenoid with high homogeneity based on linear programming
Authors: Yang Xiaoliang , Cui Xudong , Bai Hongjie , Kang Xiaoli , Li Chunhong , Deng Hao , Zheng Zhou , Cui Wen , Chen Longqing , Tang Jun
Published: January 2020

A novel divided solenoid with high homogeneity is designed through linear programming (LP) for actual guiding magnet application in high power microwave devices. During the LP process, current density, magnetic field homogeneity, and total volume of coils are set as variable, constraint condition, and objective function, respectively. The divided solenoid is designed after calculating current density in the available zone where the coil current exists. After comparing the electrical parameters and magnetic field distribution of the conventional and the new solenoid, it is concluded that the inhomogeneity of the new design is reduced from 10% to 0.7%, the central magnetic field is equal, and other factors are in the same range. The divided solenoid magnet designed by LP is able to achieve high uniformity by improving the winding process and mechanical structure, which also has strong generalization.
Design and development of an Allison type emittance scanner for the SPIDER ion source
Authors: Poggi Carlo , Sartori Emanuele , Tollin Marco , Brombin Matteo , Zaupa Matteo , Fagotti Enrico , Serianni Gianluigi
Published: January 2020

Low divergence negative ion beams are crucial for the development of ITER-like fusion reactors. SPIDER is the prototype beam source of the ITER heating neutral beam injector, and it recently started beam acceleration, up to a voltage of 30 kV. The main diagnostics used to measure beamlet divergence are a movable diagnostic calorimeter (STRIKE), which gives the thermal footprint of the beamlets; beam emission spectroscopy; and visible imaging. These systems do not allow a direct measurement of single beamlet phase-space distribution, which is useful for comparison with numerical simulations and to estimate accelerator performances. To this purpose, a movable Allison type emittance scanner for the SPIDER negative ion beam was developed and proposed for the installation on the STRIKE supporting structure. This paper describes the numerical analyses performed to dimension the mechanical and electrical components, such as the Faraday cup and the slits. An analytical approach based on the integration of an arbitrary phase-space distribution was adopted in order to simulate the device performances. The constraints due to the operation in a high heat load environment are discussed.
An in situ shearing x-ray measurement system for exploring structures and dynamics at the solid–liquid interface
Authors: Qiao Yijun , Zhou Hua , Jiang Zhang , He Qiming , Gan Shenglong , Wang Hongdong , Wen Shizhu , de Pablo Juan , Liu Yuhong , Tirrell Matthew V. , Chen Wei
Published: January 2020

Revealing interfacial structure and dynamics has been one of the essential thematic topics in material science and condensed matter physics. Synchrotron-based x-ray scattering techniques can deliver unique and insightful probing of interfacial structures and dynamics, in particular, in reflection geometries with higher surface and interfacial sensitivity than transmission geometries. We demonstrate the design and implementation of an in situ shearing x-ray measurement system, equipped with both inline parallel-plate and cone-and-plate shearing setups and operated at the advanced photon source at Argonne National Laboratory, to investigate the structures and dynamics of end-tethered polymers at the solid–liquid interface. With a precise lifting motor, a micrometer-scale gap can be produced by aligning two surfaces of a rotating upper shaft and a lower sample substrate. A torsional shear flow forms in the gap and applies tangential shear forces on the sample surface. The technical combination with nanoscale rheology and the utilization of in situ x-ray scattering allow us to gain fundamental insights into the complex dynamics in soft interfaces under shearing. In this work, we demonstrate the technical scope and experimental capability of the in situ shearing x-ray system through the measurements of charged polymers at both flat and curved interfaces upon shearing. Through the in situ shearing x-ray scattering experiments integrated with theoretical simulations, we aim to develop a detailed understanding of the short-range molecular structure and mesoscale ionic aggregate morphology, as well as ion transport and dynamics in soft interfaces, thereby providing fundamental insight into a long-standing challenge in ionic polymer brushes with a significant technological impact.
A straightforward a posteriori method for reduction of density-fitting error in coupled-cluster calculations
Authors: Lesiuk Michał
Published: January 2020

We present a simple method for a posteriori removal of a significant fraction of the density-fitting error from the calculated total coupled-cluster energies. The method treats the difference between the exact and density-fitted integrals as a perturbation, and simplified response-like equations allow us to calculate improved amplitudes and the corresponding energy correction. The proposed method is tested at the coupled-cluster singles and doubles level of theory for a diverse set of moderately-sized molecules. On average, error reductions by a factor of approximately 10 and 20 are observed in double-zeta and triple-zeta basis sets, respectively. Similar reductions are observed in calculations of interaction energies of several model complexes. The computational cost of the procedure is small in comparison with the preceding coupled-cluster iterations. The applicability of this method is not limited to the density-fitting approximation; in principle, it can be used in conjunction with an arbitrary decomposition scheme of the electron repulsion integrals.
Fiber grating sensing interrogation system based on a modulated grating Y-branch tunable laser for core-and-cladding-integrated fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhu Lianqing , He Wei , Wang Yongqian , Meng Fanyong , Song Yanming
Published: January 2020

Numerous studies have addressed various methods to interrogate fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). However, conventional methods are ineffective for multipeak FBG demodulation. A core-and-cladding-integrated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature-interrogation system, based on a modulated grating Y-branch (MG-Y) tunable laser and home-built FBG, is proposed in this study. The sensing system comprises an MG-Y tunable laser interrogation system, a 3-dB optical fiber coupler, a core-and-cladding-integrated FBG, a heating platform, and a personal computer. The core-and-cladding-integrated FBG with two reflection peaks is sampled by the designed MG-Y laser. The FBG has a period of 534 nm and a grating length of 2000 µm. It is fabricated in a single-mode fiber by femtosecond-laser writing through the fiber coating. The interrogator is suitable for temperature measurement via the core-and-cladding-integrated FBG. In tests of the temperature-interrogation system, a temperature change from 30 to 100 °C generates spectral shifts toward longer wavelengths for both the core and cladding reflection peaks. For the core and cladding, temperature sensing sensitivities of 111 and 113 pm/°C with linearities of 0.993 and 0.99, respectively, during heating and 117 and 120 pm/°C with linearity coefficients of 0.994 and 0.99, respectively, during cooling are achieved.
A molecular basis for the T cell response in HLA-DQ2.2 mediated celiac disease
Authors: Ting Yi Tian , Dahal-Koirala Shiva , Kim Hui Shi Keshia , Qiao Shuo-Wang , Neumann Ralf S. , Lundin Knut E. A. , Petersen Jan , Reid Hugh H. , Sollid Ludvig M. , Rossjohn Jamie
Published: January 2020

The highly homologous human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2 molecules, HLA-DQ2.5 and HLA-DQ2.2, are implicated in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CeD) by presenting gluten peptides to CD4+T cells. However, while HLA-DQ2.5 is strongly associated with disease, HLA-DQ2.2 is not, and the molecular basis underpinning this differential disease association is unresolved. We here provide structural evidence for how the single polymorphic residue (HLA-DQ2.5-Tyr22α and HLA-DQ2.2-Phe22α) accounts for HLA-DQ2.2 additionally requiring gluten epitopes possessing a serine at the P3 position of the peptide. In marked contrast to the biased T cell receptor (TCR) usage associated with HLA-DQ2.5–mediated CeD, we demonstrate with extensive single-cell sequencing that a diverse TCR repertoire enables recognition of the immunodominant HLA-DQ2.2-glut-L1 epitope. The crystal structure of two CeD patient-derived TCR in complex with HLA-DQ2.2 and DQ2.2-glut-L1 (PFSEQEQPV) revealed a docking strategy, and associated interatomic contacts, which was notably distinct from the structures of the TCR:HLA-DQ2.5:gliadin epitope complexes. Accordingly, while the molecular surfaces of the antigen-binding clefts of HLA-DQ2.5 and HLA-DQ2.2 are very similar, differences in the nature of the peptides presented translates to differences in responding T cell repertoires and the nature of engagement of the respective antigen-presenting molecules, which ultimately is associated with differing disease penetrance.
Structural instability and divergence from conserved residues underlie intracellular retention of mammalian odorant receptors
Authors: Ikegami Kentaro , de March Claire A. , Nagai Maira H. , Ghosh Soumadwip , Do Matthew , Sharma Ruchira , Bruguera Elise S. , Lu Yueyang Eric , Fukutani Yosuke , Vaidehi Nagarajan , Yohda Masafumi , Matsunami Hiroaki
Published: January 2020

Mammalian odorant receptors are a diverse and rapidly evolving set of G protein-coupled receptors expressed in olfactory cilia membranes. Most odorant receptors show little to no cell surface expression in nonolfactory cells due to endoplasmic reticulum retention, which has slowed down biochemical studies. Here we provide evidence that structural instability and divergence from conserved residues of individual odorant receptors underlie intracellular retention using a combination of large-scale screening of odorant receptors cell surface expression in heterologous cells, point mutations, structural modeling, and machine learning techniques. We demonstrate the importance of conserved residues by synthesizing consensus odorant receptors that show high levels of cell surface expression similar to conventional G protein-coupled receptors. Furthermore, we associate in silico structural instability with poor cell surface expression using molecular dynamics simulations. We propose an enhanced evolutionary capacitance of olfactory sensory neurons that enable the functional expression of odorant receptors with cryptic mutations.
SYNPLA, a method to identify synapses displaying plasticity after learning
Authors: Dore Kim , Pao Yvonne , Soria Lopez Jose , Aronson Sage , Zhan Huiqing , Ghosh Sanchari , Merrill Sabina , Zador Anthony M. , Malinow Roberto , Kebschull Justus M.
Published: January 2020

Significance

When an animal forms a memory, synapses in specific brain pathways change their strength. Pinpointing which synapses and pathways are modulated in any given learning paradigm, however, is technically challenging and needs to be performed one candidate connection at a time. Here we present SYNPLA, a tool to quickly detect strengthened synapses in genetically or anatomically defined pathways across the brain. To do so, we exploit the temporary translocation of AMPA receptor GluA1 into newly strengthened synapses. Using an assay that can identify proteins less than 40 nm away, we label only synapses that contain both GluA1 and a presynaptic protein exogenously expressed in a specific pathway. SYNPLA thus provides a pathway- and synapse-specific screening tool for memory formation.
Closeness, trust, and perceived social support in child-robot relationship formation
Authors: Straten Caroline L. van , Kühne Rinaldo , Peter Jochen , de Jong Chiara , Barco Alex
Published: January 2020

Social robots and their interactions with children are becoming increasingly sophisticated, with the emergence of child-robot relationships as a likely result. However, adequate measurement instruments
that tap into concepts associated with child-robot relationship formation are scarce. We aimed to develop three measures that can
be used to assess children’s closeness to, trust in, and perceived social support from, a social robot. We established the
validity and reliability of these measures among 87 Dutch children aged 7 to 11 years old. Because of their shortness, the
measures can efficiently be applied by scholars aiming to gain insight into the general process of child-robot relationship
formation and its specific sub-processes, that is, the emergence of closeness, trust, and perceived social support.
Integrative Social Robotics Hands-on
Authors: Fischer Kerstin , Seibt Johanna , Rodogno Raffaele , Rasmussen Maike Kirkegård , Weiss Astrid , Bodenhagen Leon , Juel William Kristian , Krüger Norbert
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we discuss the development of robot use cases in an elderly care facility in the context of
exploring the method of Integrative Social Robotics (ISR) when used on top of a user-centered design approach.
Integrative Social Robotics is a new proposal for how to generate responsible, i.e. culturally and ethically sustainable, social
robotics applications. Starting point for the discussion are the five principles that characterize an ISR approach, which are
discussed in application to the three use cases for robot support in a Danish elderly care facility developed within the
smooth project. The discussion by an interdisciplinary design team explores what attention to the five principles of
ISR can offer for use case development. We report on the consequences of this short-time exposure to the basic ideas of ISR for
use case development and discuss the value of approaching robot development from an ISR perspective.
No evidence for enhanced likeability and social motivation towards robots after synchrony experience
Authors: Henschel Anna , Cross Emily S.
Published: January 2020

A wealth of social psychology studies suggests that moving in synchrony with another person can positively
influence their likeability and prosocial behavior towards them. Recently, human-robot interaction (HRI) researchers have started
to develop real-time, adaptive synchronous movement algorithms for social robots. However, little is known how socially beneficial
synchronous movements with a robot actually are. We predicted that moving in synchrony with a robot would improve its likeability
and participants’ social motivation towards the robot, as measured by the number of questions asked during a free interaction
period. Using a between-subjects design, we implemented the synchrony manipulation via a drawing task. Contrary to predictions, we
found no evidence that participants who moved in synchrony with the robot rated it as more likeable or asked it more questions. By
including validated behavioral and neural measures, future studies can generate a better and more objective estimation of
synchrony’s effects on rapport with social robots.
Characterization of a precision modular sinewave generator
Authors: Kučera J , Kováč J , Palafox L , Behr R , Vojáčková L
Published: January 2020

At the Czech Metrology Institute (CMI) we have developed a precision modular sinewave generator for impedance ratio bridges. The generator was developed to improve previously available designs regarding amplitude and phase accuracy, linearity, absolute stability, stability of the ratio between two outputs and harmonic distortion. It generates up to 7 Vrms in a frequency range from 1 mHz up to 20 kHz, extendable to 100 kHz with small changes to the filters. The amplitude resolution is better than 0.01 μV V−1 of full scale with an output voltage stability of 0.05 μV V−1/30 min and a stability for the ratio between two outputs of 0.02 × 10−6 over several hours. The generator can be powered from internal batteries and is controlled via optically isolated connections. The internal clock and voltage references can be replaced by external ones, optically coupled in the case of the clock. In this paper, we discuss experimental results obtained with the generator used as a signal source in digital impedance bridges with relative combined uncertainties from 10–5 down to 10–8. The generators have been used in a bridge to drive a quantum Hall resistor in the AC regime. The use of a generator with an AC quantum voltmeter will also be discussed. The generator is not only applicable in the field of AC impedance metrology but also for on-site comparisons of AC quantum voltage standards or, in general, where there is a need for precision voltage sources.