bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DİNAMİK SERVİSLİ KUYRUK SİSTEMİNİN SABİT SERVİSLİ KUYRUK SİSTEMİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI VE İGDAŞ BAKIRKÖY VEZNELERİNE SİMÜLASYONU
Authors: DİNÇER S. Erdal
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada dinamik servisli bir kuyruk modeli oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Böyle bir modeldeki temel amaç müşteri geliş ve değişim bilgilerine göre servis veya servislerin sisteme dahil edilmesi veya çıkartılması veya diğer bir ifadeyle periyodik yoğunluk ve boşluğun çözüme kavuşturulmasıdır. Dinamik servis modelleri tek kuyruklu ve çok servisli sistemler için geliştirilmiş bir yöntemdir. Dinamik servis modelleri algoritması gereken sayıdaki servis sayısını sisteme dahil etmeyi hedeflemektedir. Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken temel nokta bekleyen maksimum müşteri sayısının önsel tahminlerinin olmadığı durumlarda çalışmasıdır. Şayet gelen müşteri sayısında marjinal bir artış söz konusu olursa model sisteme sistemin izin verdiği miktarda servisi dahil etmeyi planlamaktadır. Aynı şekilde bunun aksi durumu da geçerli olmaktadır.
Câncer cervical: uma análise descritiva da incidência, mortalidade e métodos de rastreamento em diferentes países
Authors: Trindade Reginaldo Almeida da
Published: January 2020

O câncer cervical permanece um desafio para as autoridades brasileiras de saúde pública, pois ainda é a terceira maior causa de mortes por câncer em mulheres, não obstante ser uma doença evitável e curável quando detectada precocemente. Baseado em dados epidemiológicos da Organização Mundial de Saúde e em pesquisa bibliográfica documental, esse texto traz uma descrição temporal da incidência e mortalidade do câncer cervical, além das principais características dos métodos de rastreamento populacional empregados no Brasil e em outros nove países, a saber: Estados Unidos da América, Canadá, Reino Unido, Alemanha, França, Itália, Japão, Holanda e Chile. O texto ressalta e discute as ações e estratégias que estão sendo implementadas nesses países para a redução das taxas de incidência e mortalidade por câncer cervical
Non-reduced moduli spaces of sheaves on multiple curves
Authors: Drézet Jean-Marc
Published: January 2020

Some coherent sheaves on projective varieties have a non-reduced versal deformation space; for example, this is the case for most unstable rank 2 vector bundles on ℙ2, see [18]. In particular, some moduli spaces of stable sheaves are non-reduced. We consider some sheaves on ribbons (double structures on smooth projective curves): let E be a quasi locally free sheaf of rigid type and let 𝓔 be a flat family of sheaves containing E. We find that 𝓔 is a reduced deformation of E when some canonical family associated to 𝓔 is also flat. We consider also a deformation of the ribbon to reduced projective curves with two components, and find that E can be deformed in two distinct ways to sheaves on the reduced curves. In particular some components M of the moduli spaces of stable sheaves deform to two components of the moduli spaces of sheaves on the reduced curves, and M appears as the “limit” of varieties with two components, whence the non-reduced structure of M.
Active topological photonics
Authors: Ota Yasutomo , Takata Kenta , Ozawa Tomoki , Amo Alberto , Jia Zhetao , Kante Boubacar , Notomi Masaya , Arakawa Yasuhiko , Iwamoto Satoshi
Published: January 2020

Topological photonics emerged as a novel route to engineer the flow of light. Topologically protected photonic edge modes, which are supported at the perimeters of topologically nontrivial insulating bulk structures, are of particular interest as they may enable low-loss optical waveguides immune to structural disorder. Very recently, there has been a sharp rise of interest in introducing gain materials into such topological photonic structures, primarily aiming at revolutionizing semiconductor lasers with the aid of physical mechanisms existing in topological physics. Examples of remarkable realizations are topological lasers with unidirectional light output under time-reversal symmetry breaking and topologically protected polariton and micro/nanocavity lasers. Moreover, the introduction of gain and loss provides a fascinating playground to explore novel topological phases, which are in close relevance to non-Hermitian and parity-time symmetric quantum physics and are, in general, difficult to access using fermionic condensed matter systems. Here, we review the cutting-edge research on active topological photonics, in which optical gain plays a pivotal role. We discuss recent realizations of topological lasers of various kinds, together with the underlying physics explaining the emergence of topological edge modes. In such demonstrations, the optical modes of the topological lasers are determined by the dielectric structures and support lasing oscillation with the help of optical gain. We also address recent research on topological photonic systems in which gain and loss, themselves, essentially influence topological properties of the bulk systems. We believe that active topological photonics provides powerful means to advance micro/nanophotonics systems for diverse applications and topological physics, itself, as well.
El obsceno pájaro de la noche: José Donoso y Henry James, la modernidad en diálogo
Authors: Becerril Nava Laura Judith
Published: January 2020

En el presente trabajo se analiza El obsceno pájaro de la noche desde el diálogo transtextual entre José Donoso y Henry James Sr. a partir del epígrafe de la novela, de tal manera que ésta se constituye como simbólica al dar cuenta de la tragedia del hombre moderno, encarnado en la figura del personaje “el Mudito”. Como escritores modernos, del romanticismo –James– y de la modernidad hispanoamericana –Donoso–, comparten puntos de encuentro que le permiten al chileno dialogar textualmente con el teólogo, y, más importante aún, transformar sus palabras con una nueva significación. El diálogo, desde la modernidad, muestra la imperfectabilidad del hombre y la consciencia de su fisura ontológica, conflictos que intentan socavarse con James mediante la espiritualidad y la esperanza en la salvación; mientras que Donoso, desde un punto de vista literario, proyecta una realidad descarnada al no poder huir de la tragedia.
AR mRNA stability is increased with AR-antagonist resistance via 3′UTR variants
Authors: Dart D A , Ashelford K , Jiang W G
Published: January 2020

Advanced prostate cancer is often treated with AR antagonists which target the androgen receptor (AR) on which the growth of the tumour depends. Prostate cancer often develops AR-antagonist resistance via a plethora of mechanisms, many of which are as yet unknown, but it is thought that AR upregulation or AR ligand-binding site mutations, may be responsible. Here we describe the production of cell lines based on LNCaP and VCaP, with acquired resistance to the clinically relevant AR antagonists, bicalutamide and enzalutamide. In these resistant cells, we observed, via RNA-seq, that new variants in the 3′UTR of the AR mRNA were detectable and that the levels were increased both with AR-antagonist treatment and with hormonal starvation. Around 20% of AR transcripts showed a 3 kb deletion within the 6.7 kb 3′UTR sequence. Actinomycin D and luciferase fusion studies indicated that this shorter mRNA variant was inherently more stable in anti-androgen-resistant cell lines. Of additional interest was that the AR UTR variant could be detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients in a cohort of serum samples collected from patients of Gleason grades 6–10, with an increasing level correlated to increasing grade. We hypothesise that the shorter AR UTR variant is a survival adaptation to low hormone levels and/or AR-antagonist treatment in these cells, where a more stable mRNA may allow higher levels of AR expression under these conditions.
Habitual physical activity is associated with lower fasting and greater glucose-induced GLP-1 response in men
Authors: Janus Charlotte , Vistisen Dorte , Amadid Hanan , Witte Daniel R , Lauritzen Torsten , Brage Søren , Bjerregaard Anne-Louise , Hansen Torben , Holst Jens J , Jørgensen Marit E , Pedersen Oluf , Færch Kristine , Torekov Signe S
Published: January 2020

Rationale

The hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) decreases blood glucose and appetite. Greater physical activity (PA) is associated with lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. While acute exercise may increase glucose-induced response of GLP-1, it is unknown how habitual PA affects GLP-1 secretion. We hypothesised that habitual PA associates with greater glucose-induced GLP-1 responses in overweight individuals.

Methods

Cross-sectional analysis of habitual PA levels and GLP-1 concentrations in 1326 individuals (mean (s.d.) age 66 (7) years, BMI 27.1 (4.5) kg/m2) from the ADDITION-PRO cohort. Fasting and oral glucose-stimulated GLP-1 responses were measured using validated radioimmunoassay. PA was measured using 7-day combined accelerometry and heart rate monitoring. From this, energy expenditure (PAEE; kJ/kg/day) and fractions of time spent in activity intensities (h/day) were calculated. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; mL O2/kg/min) was calculated using step tests. Age-, BMI- and insulin sensitivity-adjusted associations between PA and GLP-1, stratified by sex, were evaluated by linear regression analysis.

Results

In 703 men, fasting GLP-1 concentrations were 20% lower (95% CI: −33; −3%, P = 0.02) for every hour of moderate-intensity PA performed. Higher CRF and PAEE were associated with 1–2% lower fasting GLP-1 (P = 0.01). For every hour of moderate-intensity PA, the glucose-stimulated GLP-1 response was 16% greater at peak 30 min (1; 33%, P
rAUC0-30 = 0.04) and 20% greater at full response (3; 40%, P
rAUC0-120 = 0.02). No associations were found in women who performed PA 22 min/day vs 32 min/day for men.

Conclusion

Moderate-intensity PA is associated with lower fasting and greater glucose-induced GLP-1 responses in overweight men, possibly contributing to improved glucose and appetite regulation with increased habitual PA.
Approach to patients with pseudo-Cushing’s states
Authors: Scaroni Carla , Albiger Nora M , Palmieri Serena , Iacuaniello Davide , Graziadio Chiara , Damiani Luca , Zilio Marialuisa , Stigliano Antonio , Colao Annamaria , Pivonello Rosario , _ _
Published: January 2020

The distinction between pseudo-Cushing’s states (PCS) and Cushing’s syndrome (CS) poses a significant clinical challenge even for expert endocrinologists. A patient’s clinical history can sometimes help to distinguish between them (as in the case of alcoholic individuals), but the overlap in clinical and laboratory findings makes it difficult to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. We aim to describe the most common situations that can give rise to a condition resembling overt endogenous hypercortisolism and try to answer questions that physicians often face in clinical practice. It is important to know the relative prevalence of these different situations, bearing in mind that most of the conditions generating PCS are relatively common (such as metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome), while CS is rare in the general population. Physicians should consider CS in the presence of additional features. Appropriate treatment of underlying conditions is essential as it can reverse the hormonal abnormalities associated with PCS. Close surveillance and a thorough assessment of a patient’s hormone status will ultimately orient the diagnosis and treatment options over time.
Long-term efficacy of metformin in overweight-obese PCOS: longitudinal follow-up of retrospective cohort
Authors: Jensterle Mojca , Kravos Nika Aleksandra , Ferjan Simona , Goricar Katja , Dolzan Vita , Janez Andrej
Published: January 2020

Objective

Long-term efficacy of metformin in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) apart from in those with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes remains unproven. We aimed to evaluate the impact of metformin in overweight-obese patients with PCOS and normal baseline glycemic homeostasis.

Methods

A 10-year longitudinal follow-up of a retrospective cohort comprising 159 patients with PCOS defined by Rotterdam criteria, BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and normal initial glucose homeostasis (age 28.4 ± 6.4 years, BMI 34.9 ± 6.6 kg/m2) that had been receiving metformin 1000 mg BID. Collection data contained 6085 time-points including anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters.

Results

After the first year body mass (BM) decreased for 3.9 ± 6.8 kg (P < 0.001) and remained stable during the following 3 years. Menstrual frequency (MF) increased to 3.0 ± 3.9 bleeds/year (P < 0.001) after first year to over 11 bleeds/year in the following years. The total testosterone and androstenedione decreased to 15.4 ± 47.9% and 11.3 ± 46.4% within first year, with further decrease in total testosterone and androstenedione to 37.8 ± 61.8 and 24.8 ± 40.5% at the fifth year of the follow-up. The total conversion rate to prediabetes and diabetes was extremely low throughout observation period. Less than 25% of patients continued with metformin for more than 5 years with further dropout to only 6% on metformin therapy at the tenth year of follow-up.

Conclusions

Long-term metformin treatment of overweight-obese women with PCOS and normal baseline glycemic homeostasis resulted in reduction and stabilization of BM, improvements of MF and androgen profile and low conversion rate to diabetes.
Factors associated with resistance to complications in long-standing type 1 diabetes in China
Authors: Liu W , Wang Y , Han X , Cai X , Zhu Y , Zhang M , Gong S , Li J , Ji L
Published: January 2020

Objective

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is associated with a higher risk of premature death, but there are factors in certain patients with T1DM that protect them from complications and premature death. These factors had not been identified in non-Caucasian populations, so we aimed to identify factors that protect against the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in long-standing T1DM in China.

Methods

Ninety-five T1DM patients with >30 years’ duration of diabetes were enrolled in this nationwide study. Differences between groups of patients with and without complications were compared, and multivariable regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between candidate protective factors and the development of DN or DR.

Results

Thirty of the participants did not have DN and the same amount did not have DR. 6/52 of participants without DN were from a rural area, whereas 11/28 of participants with DN had been born in a rural area (P = 0.005). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher in participants with DN (135 ± 26 mmHg vs 121 ± 13 mmHg; P = 0.002). In participants without DR, 27/30 were married or cohabitating, and only 3/30 were single, never married, or widowed, but for those with proliferative DR (PDR), 13/26 had been married (P = 0.003). A rural or urban origin and SBP were associated with DN in the multivariable analysis.

Conclusion

we have shown that higher socioeconomic status, indicated by birth in an urban area, and being married or cohabitating, are accompanied by better blood pressure control and a lower risk of microvascular complications in Chinese patients with long-standing T1DM. These findings illustrate the importance of improving care for patients with T1DM in China.
The endocrine disruptor DEHP and the ECS: analysis of a possible crosstalk
Authors: Ernst Jana , Grabiec Urszula , Falk Kathrin , Dehghani Faramarz , Schaedlich Kristina
Published: January 2020

Studies of the last decade associated the environmental contamination by di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) with obesity and endocrine malfunction. DEHP was found to interact with several receptors – among them are receptors of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) with high expression levels in adipose tissue. Furthermore, the correlation for BMI and body fat to the serum endocannabinoid level raises the question if the obesogenic and endocrine-disrupting DEHP effects are mediated via the ECS. We therefore characterized the ECS in a human cell model of adipogenesis using the SGBS preadipocytes to subsequently investigate if DEHP exposure affects the intrinsic ECS. The receptors of the ECS and the endocannabinoid-metabolizing enzymes were upregulated during normal adipogenesis, accompanied by an increasing secretion of the adipokines adiponectin and leptin. DEHP affected the secretion of both adipokines but not the ECS, suggesting DEHP to alter the endocrine function of adipocytes without the involvement of the intrinsic ECS.
Plasticity in medaka gonadotropes via cell proliferation and phenotypic conversion
Authors: Fontaine Romain , Ager-Wick Eirill , Hodne Kjetil , Weltzien Finn-Arne
Published: January 2020

Follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) produced by the gonadotropes play a major role in control of reproduction. Contrary to mammals and birds, Lh and Fsh are mostly produced by two separate cell types in teleost. Here, we investigated gonadotrope plasticity, using transgenic lines of medaka (Oryzias latipes) where DsRed2 and hrGfpII are under the control of the fshb and lhb promotors respectively. We found that Fsh cells appear in the pituitary at 8 dpf, while Lh cells were previously shown to appear at 14 dpf. Similar to Lh cells, Fsh cells show hyperplasia from juvenile to adult stages. Hyperplasia is stimulated by estradiol. Both Fsh and Lh cells show hypertrophy during puberty with similar morphology. They also share similar behavior, using their cellular extensions to make networks. We observed bi-hormonal gonadotropes in juveniles and adults but not in larvae where only mono-hormonal cells are observed, suggesting the existence of phenotypic conversion between Fsh and Lh in later stages. This is demonstrated in cell culture, where some Fsh cells start to produce Lhβ, a phenomenon enhanced by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) stimulation. We have previously shown that medaka Fsh cells lack Gnrh receptors, but here we show that with time in culture, some Fsh cells start responding to Gnrh, while fshb mRNA levels are significantly reduced, both suggestive of phenotypic change. All together, these results reveal high plasticity of gonadotropes due to both estradiol-sensitive proliferation and Gnrh promoted phenotypic conversion, and moreover, show that gonadotropes lose part of their identity when kept in cell culture.
OPN binds alpha V integrin to promote endothelial progenitor cell incorporation into vasculature
Authors: Wing Theodore T , Erikson David W , Burghardt Robert C , Bazer Fuller W , Bayless Kayla J , Johnson Greg A
Published: January 2020

Angiogenesis is fundamental to the expansion of the placental vasculature during pregnancy. Integrins are associated with vascular formation; and osteopontin is a candidate ligand for integrins to promote angiogenesis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are released from bone marrow into the blood and incorporate into newly vascularized tissue where they differentiate into mature endothelium. Results of studies in women suggest that EPCs may play an important role in maintaining placental vascular integrity during pregnancy, although little is known about how EPCs are recruited to these tissues. Our goal was to determine the αv integrin mediated effects of osteopontin on EPC adhesion and incorporation into angiogenic vascular networks. EPCs were isolated from 6 h old piglets. RT-PCR revealed that EPCs initially had a monocyte-like phenotype in culture that became more endothelial-like with cell passage. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the EPCs express platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, vascular endothelial cadherin, and von Willebrand factor. When EPCs were cultured on OPN-coated slides, the αv integrin subunit was observed in focal adhesions at the basal surface of EPCs. Silencing of αv integrin reduced EPC binding to OPN and focal adhesion assembly. In vitro siRNA knockdown in EPCs,demonstrated that OPN stimulates EPC incorporation into human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) networks via αv-containing integrins. Finally, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry localized osteopontin near placental blood vessels. In summary, OPN binds the αv integrin subunit on EPCs to support EPC adhesion and increase EPC incorporation into angiogenic vascular networks.
Implantation of Left Ventricular Assist Device After Descending Aortic Stent Graft for Mural Thrombus
Authors: Shah Aakash , Onwumbiko Bella , Encarnacion Carlos O. , Krause Eric , Sorensen Erik , Toursavadkohi Shahab , Griffith Bartley P. , Kon Zachary N. , Kaczorowski David
Published: January 2020

In patients with intraluminal thrombus, commonly applied temporary circulatory support modalities are contraindicated secondary to concern regarding distal or proximal (specifically veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) embolization of the thrombus. Therefore, in patients with cardiogenic shock and synchronous intraluminal descending aortic thrombus, support options are quite limited. We report a case of a 66-year-old man in cardiogenic shock, due to an ischemic cardiomyopathy, who also had intramural thrombus with an intraluminal component in the descending thoracic aorta. An endovascular stent graft was inserted inside the aorta over the location of the mural thrombus. This allowed for the placement of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) for pre-operative optimization. After 3 days, a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) was implanted via left anterolateral thoracotomy with hemi-sternotomy, and the IABP was removed. Post-operatively, he had a relatively uncomplicated course without signs of embolic phenomena and ultimately was discharged home. Surveillance computed tomography imaging at 6 months showed no endovascular leak or migration of the stent. This case demonstrates the feasibility of aortic stent graft placement to allow safe insertion of an IABP in the setting of aortic mural thrombus.  Furthermore, it demonstrates the safety and feasibility of LVAD implantation after recent aortic stent graft placement.
Genome Sequence of the Euryhaline Javafish Medaka, Oryzias javanicus: A Small Aquarium Fish Model for Studies on Adaptation to Salinity
Authors: Takehana Yusuke , Zahm Margot , Cabau Cédric , Klopp Christophe , Roques Céline , Bouchez Olivier , Donnadieu Cécile , Barrachina Celia , Journot Laurent , Kawaguchi Mari , Yasumasu Shigeki , Ansai Satoshi , Naruse Kiyoshi , Inoue Koji , Shinzato Chuya , Schartl Manfred , Guiguen Yann , Herpin Amaury
Published: January 2020

The genus Oryzias consists of 35 medaka-fish species each exhibiting various ecological, morphological and physiological peculiarities and adaptations. Beyond of being a comprehensive phylogenetic group for studying intra-genus evolution of several traits like sex determination, behavior, morphology or adaptation through comparative genomic approaches, all medaka species share many advantages of experimental model organisms including small size and short generation time, transparent embryos and genome editing tools for reverse and forward genetic studies. The Java medaka, Oryzias javanicus, is one of the two species of medaka perfectly adapted for living in brackish/sea-waters. Being an important component of the mangrove ecosystem, O. javanicus is also used as a valuable marine test-fish for ecotoxicology studies. Here, we sequenced and assembled the whole genome of O. javanicus, and anticipate this resource will be catalytic for a wide range of comparative genomic, phylogenetic and functional studies. Complementary sequencing approaches including long-read technology and data integration with a genetic map allowed the final assembly of 908 Mbp of the O. javanicus genome. Further analyses estimate that the O. javanicus genome contains 33% of repeat sequences and has a heterozygosity of 0.96%. The achieved draft assembly contains 525 scaffolds with a total length of 809.7 Mbp, a N50 of 6,3 Mbp and a L50 of 37 scaffolds. We identified 21454 predicted transcripts for a total transcriptome size of 57, 146, 583 bps. We provide here a high-quality chromosome scale draft genome assembly of the euryhaline Javafish medaka (321 scaffolds anchored on 24 chromosomes (representing 97.7% of the total bases)), and give emphasis on the evolutionary adaptation to salinity.
A Cell Fate Switch in theCaenorhabditis elegansSeam Cell Lineage Occurs Through Modulation of the Wnt Asymmetry Pathway in Response to Temperature Increase
Authors: Hintze Mark , Koneru Sneha L , Gilbert Sophie P R , Katsanos Dimitris , Lambert Julien , Barkoulas Michalis
Published: January 2020

Developmental phenotypes are often consistent across individuals within a population in the face of environmental and genetic challenges. However, these challenges can exceed the level of system robustness and change developmental...

Populations often display consistent developmental phenotypes across individuals despite inevitable biological stochasticity. Nevertheless, developmental robustness has limits, and systems can fail upon change in the environment or the genetic background. We use here the seam cells, a population of epidermal stem cells in Caenorhabditis elegans, to study the influence of temperature change and genetic variation on cell fate. Seam cell development has mostly been studied so far in the laboratory reference strain (N2), grown at 20° temperature. We demonstrate that an increase in culture temperature to 25° introduces variability in the wild-type seam cell lineage, with a proportion of animals showing an increase in seam cell number. We map this increase to lineage-specific symmetrization events of normally asymmetric cell divisions at the fourth larval stage, leading to the retention of seam cell fate in both daughter cells. Using genetics and single-molecule imaging, we demonstrate that this symmetrization occurs via changes in the Wnt asymmetry pathway, leading to aberrant Wnt target activation in anterior cell daughters. We find that intrinsic differences in the Wnt asymmetry pathway already exist between seam cells at 20° and this may sensitize cells toward a cell fate switch at increased temperature. Finally, we demonstrate that wild isolates of C. elegans display variation in seam cell sensitivity to increased culture temperature, although their average seam cell number is comparable at 20°. Our results highlight how temperature can modulate cell fate decisions in an invertebrate model of stem cell patterning.
The Discovery of Oil And The Urgency of The Dutch Indies Mining Act 1899
Authors: Setiawan Agus
Published: January 2020

Abstract This article describes the historical background of the passing of the Dutch Indies Mining Act of or the Indische Mijnwet, the factors that led to the passing of the Act, and the obstacles and the responses of some parties to the act. Various factors that influenced the passing of the act were not separated from the changes within the political situation in The Netherlands and in the archipelago itself regarding the relationship between the Dutch and other powers, such as the British and local authorities, as well as the expansion of markets and production that were carried out by American oil companies in Asia. The American oil companies’ efforts to set foot in the Dutch Indies were a threat to the dominance of the oil companies in the Dutch Indies, and the Dutch Indies Mining Act was one legal obstacle for the existence and expansion of American oil companies that sought to dominate oil exploration in the Dutch Indies.---Abstraksi Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang latarbelakang sejarah pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Pertambangan Hindia Belanda Indische Mijnwet, yaitu faktor-faktor penyebab, dan hambatan-hambatan serta respon dari beberapa kelompok terhadap adanya Undang-Undang tersebut. Banyaknya faktor yang mempengaruhi pemberlakuan Undang-Undang tersebut tidak terlepas dari perubahan situasi politik di Belanda dan Indonesia  yang masih memiliki keterkaitan hubungan antara Belanda dan para penguasa lainnya, seperti pemerintah Inggris dan pemerintahan setempat serta adanya eskpansi pasar dan produksi yang dibawa oleh perusahaan minyak Amerika di Asia. Adanya usaha-usaha perusahaan minyak Amerika untuk melebarkan sayap  ke Hindia Belanda menjadi sebuah ancaman terhadap dominasi perusahaan minyak bagi Hindia Belanda sendiri. Dan Undang-Undang Pertambangan Hindia Belanda merupakan salah satu masalah hukum terhadap keberadaan dan ekpansi perusahaan minyak Amerika yang akan mengeksplorasi minyak di Hindia Belanda.
Sejarah dan Peranan Masjid Gammalamo Jailolo Halmahera dalam Menyingkap Jejak Warisan Budaya Kesultanan Jailolo
Authors: Siswayanti Novita
Published: January 2020

AbstrakMasjid Gammalamo adalah Masjid pertama dan tertian yang telah berdiri di Jailolo Halmahera. Masjid Gammalamo sebagai salah satu gedung-gedung bersejarah yang melambangkan jejak sosial dan budaya warisan Jailolo Kesultanan dalam penyebaran Islam dan penyiaran yang tergabung dalam Maloko Kie Raha empat Kesultanan Ternate di Maluku Utara, Tidore, Jailolo, dan ditandai. Penelitian pada Masjid Gammalamo dilakukan dengan pendekatan historis dan arkeologis dalam menelusuri sejarah masjid, mengungkapkan arsitektur yang unik dari bangunan dan simbolisme yang terkandung di dalamnya dan mengungkapkan warisan budaya Jailolo Kesultanan yang masih disimpan dalam peran Islam siaran.---Abstract Gammalamo Mosque is the oldest and the first mosque that have stood in Jailolo Halmahera. Gammalamo mosque as one of the historic buildings that symbolize the inherited social and cultural traces Jailolo Sultanate in the spread of Islam and broadcasting incorporated in Maloko Kie Raha four sultanates of Ternate in North Maluku, Tidore, Jailolo, and Bacan. Research on Gammalamo Mosque is done with historical and archaeological approach in tracing the history of the mosque, revealing the unique architecture of its buildings and the symbolism contained in them and reveal the cultural heritage of the Sultanate Jailolo which is still preserved in the role of Islam broadcast.DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.556802
Translation Accuracy of English Idiomatic Expression into Indonesian in “Big Hero 6” Film Subtitle by Lebah Ganteng
Authors: Iskandar Fitri
Published: January 2020

Abstract This article discusses about the types of idiomatic expression and the translation accuracy of English idiomatic expression into Indonesian in “Big Hero 6” film subtitle translated by Lebah Ganteng by using qualitative descriptive method. The writer analyses the data by classifying the type of idiomatic expressions based on McCarthy and O’Dell’s theory about the types of idiom, giving explication toward the translation strategy of idiomatic expression that is done by the translator based on Mona Baker’s theory about translation strategy of idiom, and analyzing the translation accuracy of English idiomatic expression translation into Indonesian considering the appropriate of the context of film and related theory about accuracy-rating assessment by Nababan. As the result, the types of idiomatic expression applied in that film are compound, verb +object, prepositional phrase, and whole clause and sentence. The translator seems prefer to use omission of entire idiom, paraphrasing, and using idiom of similar meaning and form strategy in translating idiom expression. ---Abstrak Tulisan ini membahas tentang jenis-jenis ungkapan idiom dan keakurasian terjemahan subtitle idiom dari bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dalam film “Big Hero 6” yang diterjemahkan oleh tim Lebah Ganteng dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Penulis mengklasifikasi jenis ungkapan idiom berdasrkan teori   McCarthy dan O’Dell, mengenai jenis-jenis idiom, dengan memberikan eksplikasi terhadap strategi penerjemahan yang dilakukan berdasarkan teorinya Mona Baker, Strategi Penerjemahan Idiom. Di samping itu penulis juga menganalisis keakurasian penerjemahan ungkapan idiom dari bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan konsep Penilaian Penerjemahan yang diajukan oleh Nababan. Hasil dari pembahasan tentang penerjemahan idiom yang ada dalam film tersebut, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa penerjemah tampaknya lebih sering menggunakan penghilangan idiom, memparafrasa, dan menggunakan kesamaan idiom antara bahasa sumber dan bahasa sasaran. DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.556810
Cultura y creatividad en contexto de gobernanza internacional. La Nueva Agenda Urbana
Authors: Matovic Milica , San Salvador del Valle Roberto
Published: January 2020

El artículo explora la relación entre la cultura y la creatividad en el contexto de la gobernanza internacional. Partiendo del concepto de ciudad creativa, extendido a escala mundial gracias a la Red de Ciudades Creativas de la UNESCO, en primer lugar, se hace un repaso del concepto, para luego estudiar aspectos relacionados con el tratamiento que le han dado varias organizaciones internacionales a la creatividad y a la cultura, centrándose en el papel de la UNESCO. Por último, con el objetivo de identificar elementos de cultura y creatividad presentes en el texto de la Nueva Agenda Urbana (NAU), se realiza un análisis de su contenido. El artículo finaliza con un resumen de cómo los organismos internacionales entienden la relación que se establece entre cultura y creatividad con el desarrollo urbano; y se plantea la pregunta sobre cómo poner en práctica las propuestas de la NAU dado que, por un lado, tiene un carácter ejecutivo desde lo local, pero, por otro, está firmada por representantes de los gobiernos nacionales que, en muchos casos. no tienen competencias en este asunto. Las ciudades, aunque están en el centro de la Agenda, no son percibidas como sujetos sino como objetos de la nueva agenda urbana.
La participación social en la reurbanización de villas. ¿Practicas habilitantes del derecho a la ciudad?
Authors: Zapata María Cecilia
Published: January 2020

Lefebvre, en 1969, discutía sobre el derecho de los habitantes a la toma de decisiones que inciden sobre la ciudad que habitan. A partir de los procesos de reurbanización que se desplegaron en dos villas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina) desde 2016, en este artículo se reflexiona sobre la participación social diseñadas en los proyectos de urbanización como estrategias que posibilitan el acceso a este derecho. Para ello, se recurrió a una metodología cualitativa que combinó datos primarios y secundarios provenientes de entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes claves, observaciones no participantes en las villas y en reuniones multiactorales y el análisis documental. Como principal hallazgo se plantea que, si bien se diseñaron múltiples instancias de participación desde las unidades locales de gestión de cada barrio, a escala territorial se generaron diferencias en la posibilidad de recrear el derecho a la ciudad de sus pobladores. Pues, mientras en un barrio los espacios para la toma de decisiones legitimaron una política habitacional de valorización de la ciudad neoliberal, en el otro, se habilitaron ciertas instancias de consenso y participación real que redundaron en toma de decisiones activas por parte de los pobladores.
REGENERACIÓN DEL ÓRGANO CUTÁNEO MEDIANTE INGENIERÍA DE TEJIDOS
Authors: Rojas Mauricio , Solera Daniel , Herrera Carolina , Vega-Baudrit José R.
Published: January 2020

La ingeniería de tejidos es una ciencia que busca desarrollar sustitutos de tejido y órganos para mantener, restaurar o aumentar las funciones de sus contrapartes heridas o enfermas in vivo. El órgano cutáneo es el tejido que constituye la mayor extensión en el cuerpo humano, y a la vez es el órgano más externo, lo cual, consecuentemente, hace que sea el órgano más propenso a herirse. Debido a esta problemática las investigaciones y esfuerzos con fines de solucionar este problema son constantes. El enfoque de la revisión es el de presentar métodos recientes a través de los cuales la ingeniería de tejidos, utilizando compuestos biocompatibles, ha logrado una satisfactoria regeneración del órgano cutáneo, esto incluirá la revisión del uso de métodos para la regeneración de tejidos, tales como la impresión 3D y el uso de andamios poliméricos, apósitos biodiseñados y células madre.
Resistentes, insurgentes e heterotópicos: contribuições da hermenêutica da subjetividade foucaultiana para a práxis e formação docente
Authors: Mantovani José Pascoal
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as contribuições do filósofo Michel Foucault para a reflexão do fenômeno educacional, especificamente ao que se refere à prática e à formação de professores/as. Como objetivos (i) apresentar como a constituição da subjetividade proposta por Foucault  pode ser um instrumental valioso para a hermenêutica do sujeito contemporâneo, especificamente o/a docente que está inserido no centro do fenômeno educacional; (ii) destacar como os conceitos apresentados por Castro resistentes, insurgentes e utópicos auxiliam na análise e crítica do atual cenário educacional e; (iii) propor um viés que tangencie a prática e formação docente sob viés ético e que pondere a complexidade típica do sujeito. A metodologia utilizada é a intersecção entre os textos filosóficos de Foucault em diálogo com as demandas presentes na prática docente, sendo elas: valores pessoais dos docentes e os dilemas vocacionais. Como resultado, aferiu-se que a ação de repensar a subjetividade do sujeito apontou para uma nova dimensão do que é o ato de resistência, insurgência e, sobretudo, a atitude heterotópica que acompanha o horizonte docente. A título conclusivo, destaca-se que a subjetividade do sujeito recebe influência significativa de todas as peculiaridades advindas da educação, de modo a sintonizar o sujeito à um processo normativo estabelecido pela cultura, todavia, como movimento inverso e fluindo paralelamente, a educação pode ser o viés que lança o indivíduo para a essencialidade do si-mesmo.
Adolescente em Acolhimento Institucional: Um Estudo de Caso com Genograma
Authors: Cruz Edson Júnior Silva da , Guedes Rafael Da Costa , Cavalcante Lilia Ieda Chaves , Silva Carolina Ventura , Pedroso Janari Da Silva
Published: January 2020

: Esse trabalho objetiva compreender situações de violação de direitos envolvendo uma adolescente e suas relações familiares em uma perspectiva transgeracional. Utilizou-se de abordagem qualitativa para o estudo de caso único da adolescente, com os instrumentos Genograma, Formulário para Caracterização dos Adolescentes e Diário de Campo. Verificou-se o processo transgeracional na repetição de conflitos ocorridos ocorrera entre a sua avó e sua mãe, que teve efeitos no desenvolvimento da adolescente, já que viveu em um ambiente de risco, em que foi abusada por uma das pessoas que deveria assumir papel de cuidador. Apesar disso, ela demonstrou um laço significativo com a mãe adotiva, relação que contribuía no enfrentamento da situação.
Relato de uma experiência de estágio em Psicodiagnóstico com populações de baixa renda
Authors: Nobre Thalita Lacerda , Vieira Marina Porto
Published: January 2020

O presente trabalho tem o intuito de apresentar a experiência de alunos e duas supervisoras no atendimento a populações de baixa renda, no estágio em Psicodiagnóstico Interventivo, com crianças. Apresentamos a relevância desta prática tanto para os futuros profissionais quanto para os clientes que participam do processo. Para ser realizado, o psicodiagnóstico em questão, seguiu a linha teórica fenomenológico-existencial e se desenvolveu em passos diferentes desde as entrevistas iniciais (realizadas com os pais ou responsáveis) até as entrevistas devolutivas (realizadas com os mesmos e com as crianças). Pudemos notar, ao longo de nossa prática como supervisoras deste estágio os benefícios que sua execução pode trazer, pois do lado do cliente, recebemos feedback das escolas e da família sobre mudanças significativas no comportamento das crianças e do lado dos estagiários, pudemos observar, também, o crescimento profissional destes, a partir desta experiência.
Traços de personalidade de adolescentes infratores e vitimizados por meio do Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Junior (EPQ-J)
Authors: Pinto junior Antonio Augusto , Tardivo Leila Salomão de La Plata Cury , Rosa Helena Rinaldi , Chaves Gislaine , Belizário Gabriel Okawa
Published: January 2020

O presente estudo objetivou mapear os traços de personalidade (Psicoticismo, Neuroticismo e Extroversão) de adolescentes brasileiros vítimas de abuso intrafamiliar, nas modalidades física e/ou sexual, e autores de ato infracional. A amostra foi composta por um total de 200 adolescentes de ambos os sexos na faixa etária entre 12 e 16 anos, divididos em três grupos: a) 50 adolescentes infratores, b) 50 adolescentes vítimas de abuso intrafamiliar físico e/ou sexual, c) 100 adolescentes sem suspeitas de sofrerem violência doméstica ou terem praticado ato infracional. Como instrumento, foi utilizado o Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Junior (EPQ-J). Os dados foram avaliados pela análise da significância da diferença entre os grupos de pesquisa por meio do teste de comparação múltipla de Tukey. Foram encontradas diferenças significantes entre os grupos de pesquisa nos tres fatores analisados (Psicotisismo p<0,001; Extroversão p<0,015; Neuroticismo p<0,027), indicando principalmente nos grupos clínicos tendência a reagir de forma desajustada, impulsiva e agressiva. Também se mostraram mais introvertidos, não sociáveis, com isolamento social, além de apresentarem hipersensibilidade emocional, com excitabilidade e traços de ansiedade, que podem desencadear transtornos de humor, principalmente a depressão. Conclui-se que as experiências de vitimização intrafamiliar e de prática de atos infracionais, além de se mostrarem como faces de uma mesma moeda, prejudicam a adaptação do indivíduo e interferem na forma como atuam no ambiente, podendo levar ao comprometimento da saúde mental de sujeitos e ao desencadeamento de transtornos de humor ou de carater.
A revised approach for estimating informally disposed domestic waste in rural versus urban South Africa and implications for waste management
Authors: Rodseth Clare , Notten Philippa , Von Blottniz Harro
Published: January 2020

A major limitation to improved waste management in South Africa lies in the paucity of reliable waste data and the exclusion of the contribution of the informal sector from reporting. Due to the disparity in the provision of formal waste management services across households in South Africa, omission of the quantified contribution of informal management practices leads to an inaccurate representation of waste management practices in existing waste data repositories. Given the potentially adverse social and environmental consequences of unregulated waste management practices, a lack of representation thereof has the potential to underestimate impacts. As of 2015, 31% of households are reported as lacking a basic refuse removal service; however, this number cannot necessarily be applied directly to waste quantities, given the regional and socio-economic differences that occur in per capita waste generation rates. The total quantity of domestic waste in South Africa and fraction disposed informally are estimated here, taking into account differences in waste generation rates based on income and settlement type. The characterisation and quantification of unregulated waste streams is beneficial in assessing the magnitude of the problem and, where necessary, identifying mitigation action. The results obtained show that 29% (3.67 million tonnes per annum) of domestic waste generated is not collected or treated via formal management options. Of this waste, the majority (85%) is generated in rural areas. The most common waste management option for unserviced households is a private dump. An estimated 94% of households in unserviced rural areas make use of private dumps, while in unserviced urban and metro areas this decreases to 74% and 71% of households, respectively. Illegal dumping is the next most common waste management option for unserviced areas. The proportion of household waste disposed of via illegal dumping ranges from an estimated 5% for unserviced rural households to 27% in metro areas with the balance made up by ‘other’ disposal/treatment options.

 

Significance:

The proportion of domestic waste that is mismanaged in South Africa is significant and its exclusion from national waste estimates leads to the inaccurate representation of waste management practices in existing waste data repositories. Unregulated waste management practices can have potentially adverse social and environmental consequences, i.e. leakage into the environment, or if burnt, the generation of atmospheric pollutants.

The quantity of mismanaged waste and distribution of this waste between different management options is important for the development of improved National Waste Management Plans.
Cardiac surgery publications in Africa over the last 20 years: A literature review
Authors: Lin Yihan , Till Brian M. , Yi Sojung , Dahm James S. , Taylor Kathryn , Lu Nguyen , Zilla Peter , Bolman Ralph M.
Published: January 2020

There is a significant burden of surgically correctable cardiovascular disease in Africa. The goal of this research was to review the last 20 years of literature on this topic. A systematic search was performed using PubMed, Embase and African Index Medicus for the period 1996–2016. Publications came from 29 countries, all of different income brackets. Research output increased by 15-fold over the 20-year time period, with the majority of publications authored by local teams (71.4%) compared to visiting (4.9%) and mixed teams (23.7%). Although increasing, clinical reporting on cardiac surgery is still limited. Increased publication of results should be encouraged to better benchmark capacity and improve research capacity.

Significance:

The majority of the cardiovascular publications came from local research teams affiliated with public hospitals which suggests strong local engagement in research and cardiovascular care.

Research output significantly increased and the share of literature from major research contributors has relatively shrunk over the study period, which suggests emerging research capacities from previously underrepresented regions.

A demographic analysis of publications showed that studies were set in countries from all income brackets, with the majority of the studies originating from low-income countries.

There is a need to standardise reporting of surgical outcomes which is dependent on perioperative care and maintenance of high-quality health records.

Over half of the publications lacked evidence of outpatient follow-up or data on postoperative care, which highlights the need to focus on patient outcomes as a metric.