bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Montes Veciñais en Man Común e Baldios: Unha análise comparativa das propiedades comunitarias de Galicia e Portugal
Authors: Copena Rodríguez Damián
Published: September 2019

A existencia de propiedade comunitaria é posiblemente a característica máis singular do réxime de propiedade dos montes de Galicia e de Portugal. As Comunidades de Montes Veciñais en Man Común e os Baldios xestionan amplas áreas de monte compartindo características e similitudes, tanto no relativo á súa evolución histórica como no que se refire ás problemáticas sociais, económicas e ambientais que padecen.O presente traballo realiza, a partir de diferentes metodoloxías entre as que destacan as vinculadas coa investigación participativa, unha comparativa entre estas dúas figuras de xestión colectiva do monte, caracterizándoas, debullando o marco normativo baixo o que se regulan e realizando unha aproximación inicial ao contexto produtivo no que se atopan, ás actuais ameazas coas que contan e ás oportunidades existentes a partir de novas lóxicas vinculadas coa sustentabilidade. O traballo mostra como están comezando a aparecer novos ámbitos de manexo vinculados coa multifuncionalidade nos dous espazos xeográficos.
A exclusión territorial como unha forma de manifestación dos procesos de exclusión social
Authors: Fernández Fernández Melchor , Riveiro Dolores
Published: September 2019

A accesibilidade aos servizos básicos é esencial para asegurar a calidade de vida da poboación. Unha distribución equilibrada destes servizos (escolas, centros de saúde, oficinas de farmacia, centros sociais, servizos deportivos, servizos financeiros, supermercados etc.) permite á poboación identificarse co seu espazo máis próximo, aumentando a cohesión social e a interrelación entre o núcleo de poboación e os seus habitantes. De feito, un dos factores que poden provocar ou agravar a exclusión social dos individuos radica na vulnerabilidade, afastamento ou estigma social dos territorios que habitan. Neste traballo reflexionase sobre o concepto de exclusión territorial e a súa relación coa exclusión social, preséntase un método de cuantificación e análise da exclusión territorial e móstranse os resultados da súa aplicación a un servizo público básico, a prestación farmacéutica. Os resultados obtidos mostran que a regulación actual non permite resolver os problemas de acceso ao medicamento de numerosos núcleos de poboación do interior de Lugo e Ourense.
«Dio un golpe a su querida con tan mala suerte que le rompió la cabeza». La violencia hacia las mujeres en la práctica legal y policial en la Restauración, a partir del caso de Galicia
Authors: Carballo Gende Enrique
Published: September 2019

El texto del Código Penal de 1870 otorgaba amparo legal a la violencia de mujer en casos muy específicos, pero globalmente no discriminaba en base al sexo en los delitos contra la persona. Sin embargo, la práctica policial y judicial amparaba comportamientos violentos hacia la mujer, a través de interpretaciones sesgadas de la legislación o la tolerancia por parte de las fuerzas de seguridad hacia las agresiones en el domicilio conyugal. En Galicia, a lo largo del periodo, la violencia contra las mujeres era minoritaria, pero pervivió en modalidades menores debido a esta tolerancia cultural, si bien esta parece ir disminuyendo.
Tejer lo común frente a las violencias: saberes y praxis de mujeres en Guatemala
Authors: López de la Vega Mariana
Published: September 2019

A partir de un breve panorama actual del tipo de violencias existentes en Guatemala, se plantea la importancia de la acción mitigadora y restauradora de colectividades de mujeres, a partir de prácticas orientadas a sanar y dotar de nuevo significado a la vida en los territorios afectados. Se formulan también observaciones sobre sus proyectos ético-político y sus aportaciones para actualizar lo común.
Sociedad Femenil Rosa Luxemburgo Escuela de Derecho. Universidad de Chihuahua (1967-1968)
Authors: Castorena-Sáenz. Nithia
Published: September 2019

La Sociedad Femenil Rosa Luxemburgo, fue fundada en la Escuela de Derecho de la Universidad de Chihuahua (1966) por jóvenes estudiantes identificadas con una línea política de izquierda. Algunas se encontraban adscritas con anterioridad a otro grupo político, pero decidieron formar un grupo exclusivo de mujeres para reivindicarse, ya que de otra forma su participación era limitada. La claridad de posicionar a las mujeres y darles un papel central siempre estuvo presente en sus procesos, Las Rosas (como les llamaban) se encargaron de promover acciones políticas y de estudio encaminadas a incrementar la participación femenina en un ámbito más igualitario, además de apoyar e involucrarse con la operación de grupos armados en Chihuahua entre 1965 y 1972.Este artículo es parte de una investigación más amplia sobre la operación de los grupos armados en Chihuahua, titulada Estaban ahí. Las mujeres en los grupos armados de Chihuahua.
De víctimas, receptadoras y ladronas. La mujer en el mundo del robo y la criminalidad en el Jalisco del siglo XIX
Authors: Herrera Guevara Sebastian Porfirio
Published: September 2019

Se propone abordar la participación de la mujer en el ámbito delictivo en un territorio que padeció una “plaga” de robos, de acuerdo con la opinión pública de la época. En ese contexto de inseguridad y violencia, la mujer fue principalmente víctima de numerosas sustracciones y asaltos, con el agregado que padeció violaciones y vejaciones de tipo sexual. En ese tenor, se trata de una violencia ejercida directamente. En contraposición, y dejando de lado, el rol sumiso que culturalmente se le ha asignado, la mujer también fue participe de hechos delictivos, principalmente como receptadora de mercancías y objetos robados y, en última instancia, como ladrona. Lo que la hacía partícipe de consignaciones judiciales, procesos y penas. El trabajo parte de la historia sociocultural del delito, e intenta hacer la reconstrucción de este contexto delictivo desde la perspectiva de género. Se sustenta en fuentes judiciales y prensa de la época.
Retention of Basic Neonatal Resuscitation Skills and Bag-Mask Ventilation in Pediatric Residents Using Just-in-Place Simulation of Varying Frequency and Intensity: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Kamath-Rayne Beena D. , Tabangin Meredith E. , Taylor Regina G. , Geis Gary L.
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Pediatric residents quickly lose neonatal resuscitation (NR) skills after initial training. Helping Babies Breathe is a skills-based curriculum emphasizing basic NR skills needed within the “Golden Minute” after birth. With this pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility of implementing a Golden Minute review and the impact on overall performance and bag-mask ventilation (BMV) skills in pediatric interns during and/or after their NICU rotation, with varying frequency and/or intensity of “just-in-place” simulation.

METHODS:

During their NICU rotation, interns at 1 delivery hospital received the Golden Minute module and hands-on simulation practice. All enrolled interns were randomly assigned to weekly retraining or no retraining for their NICU month and every 1- or 3-month retraining post-NICU for the remainder of their intern year, based on a factorial design. The primary measure was the score on a 21-item evaluation tool administered at the end of intern year, which was compared to the scores received by interns at another hospital (controls).

RESULTS:

Twenty-eight interns were enrolled in the intervention. For the primary outcome, at the end of intern year, the 1- and 3-month groups had higher scores (18.8 vs 18.6 vs 14.4; P < .01) and shorter time to effective BMV (10.6 vs 20.4 vs 52.8 seconds; P < .05 for both comparisons) than those of controls. However, the 1- and 3-month groups had no difference in score or time to BMV.

CONCLUSIONS:

This pilot study revealed improvement in simulated performance of basic NR skills in interns receiving increased practice intensity and/or frequency than those who received the current standard of NR training.
Educación sensible: efectos de una pedagogía formativa para la convivencia democrática en escolares peruanos
Authors: Alcántara Mego Lucero Estrella , Holguin Alvarez Jhon Alexander
Published: September 2019

El artículo se elaboró como respuesta a la falta de convivencia democrática social que se ha trasladado al sistema educativo peruano. Los hallazgos, desde el año 2015 hasta la actualidad, indican que este problema prevalece en los grupos escolares organizados por políticas con falta de justicia social. Adicionalmente, el uso de una pedagogía vertical produce un estado anárquico en el aula. Este estado anárquico primigenio se transfiere entre docentes y estudiantes mediante la ejecución de la programación curricular, razón por la cual el problema parte del mismo proceso de escolarización pública. Como objetivo central se planteó comprobar el cambio democrático escolar de la convivencia luego de aplicar un programa de Educación Sensible o Educación desde la sensibilidad, el cual es una teoría pedagógica apoyada en la formación moral para fortalecer acciones basadas en la cooperación social. La metodología de la investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, con tipología de diseño preexperimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 40 estudiantes de cuarto grado de primaria (M = 10.1 años; D.E. = 1.84), originarios de un contexto vulnerable de Lima, Perú. Se utilizó la Escala de Medición de la Convivencia Democrática (ESMCD). Los resultados corroboran que el método de Educación Sensible basado en concientización, autonomía y autoevaluación emocional incrementaron los índices de convivencia democrática. Se concluye que los factores de autoconciencia, reflexividad, y sensibilidad actitudinal y afectiva orientan y determinan la constitución de los valores democráticos materializados en indicadores como (a) capacidad de tolerancia, (b) ajuste a las normas democráticas y (c) resolución de conflictos. Por último, la reflexión sobre los resultados permite indicar que la colaboración es la competencia que se desarrolló con mayor lentitud en el grupo estudiantil.
English vowel sounds: Pronunciation issues and student and faculty perceptions
Authors: Garita Sánchez María Del Rosario , González Lutz María Isabel , Solís Pérez Nathalia
Published: September 2019

This article presents the results of the research project named Longitudinal Study of the Pronunciation of Vowel Sounds in English of Students from the Bachelor Degree in English Teaching at the Paraíso Campus of the University of Costa Rica. The project was conducted from 2015 to 2018, and it responded to the researchers’ concern to find out which are the most troublesome pronunciation areas for learners. The main objective of this investigation was to determine the most difficult English vowel sounds to pronounce for the learners in their first, second and third year of their major. The study also examined the students’ and professors’ perception in relation to the difficulty of these vowels sounds. As for the methodology, the study followed a correlational design within a mixed method approach that encompassed a total of 57 students divided into two groups. To gather the data, the students’ pronunciation was recorded and surveys were administered to learners and instructors. The data obtained from the recordings was processed using logistic regression; the vowels were organized from the most difficult to the easiest, and then the findings were compared to the data obtained from the surveys. The results revealed that the three most difficult vowels for students were /ɪ/, /æ/ and /ʊ/. The findings also showed discrepancies in the vowel sounds that learners and teachers perceived as difficult in comparison to the pronunciation difficulty found in the recordings. These significant differences have an impact not only on the decisions that instructors make, but also on the students’ awareness of their pronunciation problems.
La escuela técnica y la formación profesional desde una perspectiva de género en la provincia de Corrientes (Argentina)
Authors: D'Andrea Ana María , Buontempo María Paula
Published: September 2019

Históricamente la educación técnico-profesional se caracterizó por presentar rasgos de discriminación sexista y por reproducir la división sexual del trabajo cristalizada culturalmente. No obstante, las mujeres se fueron introduciendo de manera gradual en este tipo de oferta educativa. El objetivo de este artículo es comparar cómo se presenta la perspectiva de género en escuelas secundarias técnicas y centros de formación profesional en cuanto a los motivos que incidieron en la elección de los mismos, la valoración de la formación recibida y las expectativas futuras. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo de alcance descriptivo. Se utilizan grupos focales, con varones y mujeres por separado, de una muestra intencional de tres escuelas técnicas que tienen ofertas de educación secundaria y formación profesional de la provincia de Corrientes (Argentina). Respecto a los motivos que incidieron en la elección de la modalidad, no se encuentran diferencias en varones y en mujeres. En cuanto a la valoración de la formación recibida, el estudiantado de secundaria percibe propuestas educativas diferenciadas según género, lo que es considerado discriminatorio por parte de las mujeres. Acerca de las expectativas futuras, todos coinciden en que las mujeres no tendrán las mismas oportunidades laborales por más que tengan la misma certificación. Se concluye que la principal diferencia entre cursantes varones y mujeres de educación secundaria y de formación profesional es la mayor percepción respecto a los derechos adquiridos en los últimos tiempos que tienen las mujeres más jóvenes. Así, las influencias de los movimientos feministas en la Argentina atraviesan los poros de instituciones tan tradicionales como las educativas.
¿Qué valoraciones tiene el alumnado de pedagogía sobre los artículos de investigación?
Authors: Perines Haylen , Vega Rodrigo
Published: September 2019

La investigación educativa en la formación de profesorado es un elemento fundamental para su óptima preparación profesional. Gracias a la investigación, el profesorado del futuro puede conocer saberes actualizados sobre su propia práctica y contar con una base para formular y justificar sus puntos de vista. Bajo esta lógica, los objetivos de este artículo son: conocer las valoraciones que el alumnado de pedagogía tiene de los artículos de investigación y conocer las visiones del alumnado de pedagogía sobre la vinculación entre los artículos de investigación y elementos de su futura práctica docente. Para lograr estos propósitos se opta por un enfoque cualitativo en el cual se utilizaron entrevistas semi – estructuradas y grupos focales con 59 estudiantes de la Universidad de La Serena (Chile) que cursaban tercer año y que pertenecían a distintas carreras de pedagogía. La investigación se realizó entre abril y julio del año 2018. Los resultados indican que las personas que participaron en el estudio valoran positivamente los artículos de investigación, reconocen el potencial que poseen para su formación y también su importancia para la toma de decisiones en su futura práctica docente. Entre las conclusiones se hace un llamado a las personas formadoras de docentes, a las administraciones de las universidades, a personal investigador educativo y a las personas encargadas del área de investigación de las universidades para que tomen conciencia sobre la importancia de la formación en investigación del profesorado del futuro y de la inclusión oportuna de los artículos de investigación en su preparación pedagógica.
Vivencias socioemocionales en familias de jóvenes con Síndrome de Down en Padre Las Casas, Chile
Authors: Antisoli Remolcoy Yessica , Campusano Toledo Claudia Daniela , Moraga Leiva Teresa Maricel , Uberuaga Henríquez María José , San Martín Cantero Daniel , Tapia Gutiérrez Carmen Paz
Published: September 2019

Este artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar las vivencias socioemocionales de familias con hijos e hijas que presentan Síndrome de Down. Se trata de una investigación realizada durante el año 2018, en la que se abordan relaciones sociales y etapas emocionales que reestructuran el curso de vida de familias. El enfoque metodológico es cualitativo, con un diseño de estudio de caso. Las personas participantes fueron integrantes de familias de jóvenes con Síndrome de Down, personas integrantes de una agrupación para familias de hijos o hijas con Síndrome de Down en la comuna de Padre las Casas en Chile. Las técnicas para la recolección de información fueron semblanzas y entrevistas biográficas-narrativas. Se realiza análisis inductivo-deductivo, y se aplica la triangulación de datos. Los resultados se organizaron en torno a cinco ejes temáticos: (i) recibir la noticia, (ii) apoyo socio-familiar, (iii) experiencias con escuelas, (iv) resiliencia, y (v) curso emocional. Se concluye que las vivencias socioemocionales condicionan el rumbo de vida de las familias. Las significatividades interpretadas mostraron ser útiles para comprender el rol de instituciones de salud, educativas y sociales, y su aporte en procesos de aprendizaje, desarrollo y acompañamiento del niño, niña y su familia.
Construcción y reconstrucción del objeto de estudio en la investigación educativa
Authors: Álvarez Hernández Gabriel Alejandro
Published: September 2019

El presente ensayo plantea la discusión y el debate en torno a la construcción y reconstrucción del objeto de estudio en investigaciones en ciencias sociales y humanas, más específicamente en el campo educativo. Primero, a manera de preludio, se bosquejan una serie de reflexiones sobre las implicaciones subjetivas, sociales y culturales como bases de la concepción de una realidad. Posteriormente, se esbozan premisas y debates en relación con la ciencia moderna del siglo XX hasta nuestros tiempos, una revisión que recupera, entre otras cosas, la evolución del pensamiento, el racionalismo, la lógica y el diseño de ciencias desde las tradiciones Galileana y Aristotélica y su influencia en los procesos de construcción del conocimiento. Luego, se destaca la importancia de la ontología como principio para dar respuesta a la realidad, y a la epistemología como inicio de configuraciones conceptuales que fundamentan el acercamiento al objeto de estudio. Por último, se cierra destacando los aportes de teóricos que proponen maneras de abordar la realidad y construir el objeto, asimismo, se mencionan algunos planteamientos epistemológicos emergentes que abonan la discusión.
Differences of Type I error rates for ANOVA and Multilevel-Linear-Models using SAS and SPSS for repeated measures designs
Authors: Haverkamp Nicolas , Beauducel André
Published: September 2019

To derive recommendations on how to analyze longitudinal data, we examined Type I error rates of Multilevel Linear Models (MLM) and repeated measures Analysis of Variance (rANOVA) using SAS and SPSS. We performed a simulation with the following specifications: To explore the effects of high numbers of measurement occasions and small sample sizes on Type I error, measurement occasions of m = 9 and 12 were investigated as well as sample sizes of n = 15, 20, 25 and 30. Effects of non-sphericity in the population on Type I error were also inspected: 5,000 random samples were drawn from two populations containing neither a within-subject nor a between-group effect. They were analyzed including the most common options to correct rANOVA and MLM-results: The Huynh-Feldt-correction for rANOVA (rANOVA-HF) and the Kenward-Roger-correction for MLM (MLM-KR), which could help to correct progressive bias of MLM with an unstructured covariance matrix (MLM-UN). Moreover, uncorrected rANOVA and MLM assuming a compound symmetry covariance structure (MLM-CS) were also taken into account. The results showed a progressive bias for MLM-UN for small samples which was stronger in SPSS than in SAS. Moreover, an appropriate bias correction for Type I error via rANOVA-HF and an insufficient correction by MLM-UN-KR for n < 30 were found. These findings suggest MLM-CS or rANOVA if sphericity holds and a correction of a violation via rANOVA-HF. If an analysis requires MLM, SPSS yields more accurate Type I error rates for MLM-CS and SAS yields more accurate Type I error rates for MLM-UN.
Trust Region Evolution Strategies
Authors: Liu Guoqing , Zhao Li , Yang Feidiao , Bian Jiang , Qin Tao , Yu Nenghai , Liu Tie-Yan
Published: September 2019

Evolution Strategies (ES), a class of black-box optimization algorithms, has recently been demonstrated to be a viable alternative to popular MDP-based RL techniques such as Qlearning and Policy Gradients. ES achieves fairly good performance on challenging reinforcement learning problems and is easier to scale in a distributed setting. However, standard ES algorithms perform one gradient update per data sample, which is not very efficient. In this paper, with the purpose of more efficient using of sampled data, we propose a novel iterative procedure that optimizes a surrogate objective function, enabling to reuse data sample for multiple epochs of updates. We prove monotonic improvement guarantee for such procedure. By making several approximations to the theoretically-justified procedure, we further develop a practical algorithm called Trust Region Evolution Strategies (TRES). Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of TRES on a range of popular MuJoCo locomotion tasks in the OpenAI Gym, achieving better performance than ES algorithm.
A Theoretically Guaranteed Deep Optimization Framework for Robust Compressive Sensing MRI
Authors: Liu Risheng , Zhang Yuxi , Cheng Shichao , Fan Xin , Luo Zhongxuan
Published: September 2019

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most dynamic and safe imaging techniques available for clinical applications. However, the rather slow speed of MRI acquisitions limits the patient throughput and potential indications. Compressive Sensing (CS) has proven to be an efficient technique for accelerating MRI acquisition. The most widely used CS-MRI model, founded on the premise of reconstructing an image from an incompletely filled k-space, leads to an ill-posed inverse problem. In the past years, lots of efforts have been made to efficiently optimize the CS-MRI model. Inspired by deep learning techniques, some preliminary works have tried to incorporate deep architectures into CS-MRI process. Unfortunately, the convergence issues (due to the experience-based networks) and the robustness (i.e., lack real-world noise modeling) of these deeply trained optimization methods are still missing. In this work, we develop a new paradigm to integrate designed numerical solvers and the data-driven architectures for CS-MRI. By introducing an optimal condition checking mechanism, we can successfully prove the convergence of our established deep CS-MRI optimization scheme. Furthermore, we explicitly formulate the Rician noise distributions within our framework and obtain an extended CS-MRI network to handle the real-world nosies in the MRI process. Extensive experimental results verify that the proposed paradigm outperforms the existing state-of-theart techniques both in reconstruction accuracy and efficiency as well as robustness to noises in real scene.
Active Sampling for Open-Set Classification without Initial Annotation
Authors: Liu Zhao-Yang , Huang Sheng-Jun
Published: September 2019

Open-set classification is a common problem in many real world tasks, where data is collected for known classes, and some novel classes occur at the test stage. In this paper, we focus on a more challenging case where the data examples collected for known classes are all unlabeled. Due to the high cost of label annotation, it is rather important to train a model with least labeled data for both accurate classification on known classes and effective detection of novel classes. Firstly, we propose an active learning method by incorporating structured sparsity with diversity to select representative examples for annotation. Then a latent low-rank representation is employed to simultaneously perform classification and novel class detection. Also, the method along with a fast optimization solution is extended to a multi-stage scenario, where classes occur and disappear in batches at each stage. Experimental results on multiple datasets validate the superiority of the proposed method with regard to different performance measures.
GeniePath: Graph Neural Networks with Adaptive Receptive Paths
Authors: Liu Ziqi , Chen Chaochao , Li Longfei , Zhou Jun , Li Xiaolong , Song Le , Qi Yuan
Published: September 2019

We present, GeniePath, a scalable approach for learning adaptive receptive fields of neural networks defined on permutation invariant graph data. In GeniePath, we propose an adaptive path layer consists of two complementary functions designed for breadth and depth exploration respectively, where the former learns the importance of different sized neighborhoods, while the latter extracts and filters signals aggregated from neighbors of different hops away. Our method works in both transductive and inductive settings, and extensive experiments compared with competitive methods show that our approaches yield state-of-the-art results on large graphs.
Distributed PageRank Computation: An Improved Theoretical Study
Authors: Luo Siqiang
Published: September 2019

PageRank is a classic measure that effectively evaluates the node importance in large graphs, and has been applied in numerous applications ranging from data mining, Web algorithms, recommendation systems, load balancing, search, and identifying connectivity structures. Computing PageRank for large graphs is challenging and this has motivated the studies of distributed algorithms to compute PageRank. Previously, little works have been spent on the distributed PageRank algorithms with provably desired complexity and accuracy. Given a graph with n nodes and if we model the distributed computation model as the well-known congested clique model, the state-of-the-art algorithm takes O(√logn) communication rounds to approximate the PageRank value of each node in G, with a probability at least 1−1/n. In this paper, we present improved distributed algorithms for computing PageRank. Particularly, our algorithm performs O(log log√n) rounds (a significant improvement compared with O(√logn) rounds) to approximate the PageRank values with a probability at least 1−1/n. Moreover, under a reasonable assumption, our algorithm also reduces the edge bandwidth (i.e., the maximum communication message size that can be exchanged through an edge during a communication round) by a O(logn) factor compared with the state-of-the-art algorithm. Finally, we show that our algorithm can be adapted to efficiently compute another variant of PageRank, i.e., the batch one-hop Personalized PageRanks, in O(log logn) communication rounds.
LabelForest: Non-Parametric Semi-Supervised Learning for Activity Recognition
Authors: Ma Yuchao , Ghasemzadeh Hassan
Published: September 2019

Activity recognition is central to many motion analysis applications ranging from health assessment to gaming. However, the need for obtaining sufficiently large amounts of labeled data has limited the development of personalized activity recognition models. Semi-supervised learning has traditionally been a promising approach in many application domains to alleviate reliance on large amounts of labeled data by learning the label information from a small set of seed labels. Nonetheless, existing approaches perform poorly in highly dynamic settings, such as wearable systems, because some algorithms rely on predefined hyper-parameters or distribution models that needs to be tuned for each user or context. To address these challenges, we introduce LabelForest 1, a novel non-parametric semi-supervised learning framework for activity recognition. LabelForest has two algorithms at its core: (1) a spanning forest algorithm for sample selection and label inference; and (2) a silhouette-based filtering method to finalize label augmentation for machine learning model training. Our thorough analysis on three human activity datasets demonstrate that LabelForest achieves a labeling accuracy of 90.1% in presence of a skewed label distribution in the seed data. Compared to self-training and other sequential learning algorithms, LabelForest achieves up to 56.9% and 175.3% improvement in the accuracy on balanced and unbalanced seed data, respectively.
Cost-Sensitive Learning to Rank
Authors: McBride Ryan , Wang Ke , Ren Zhouyang , Li Wenyuan
Published: September 2019

We formulate the Cost-Sensitive Learning to Rank problem of learning to prioritize limited resources to mitigate the most costly outcomes. We develop improved ranking models to solve this problem, as verified by experiments in diverse domains such as forest fire prevention, crime prevention, and preventing storm caused outages in electrical networks.
A Two-Stream Mutual Attention Network for Semi-Supervised Biomedical Segmentation with Noisy Labels
Authors: Min Shaobo , Chen Xuejin , Zha Zheng-Jun , Wu Feng , Zhang Yongdong
Published: September 2019

Learning-based methods suffer from a deficiency of clean annotations, especially in biomedical segmentation. Although many semi-supervised methods have been proposed to provide extra training data, automatically generated labels are usually too noisy to retrain models effectively. In this paper, we propose a Two-Stream Mutual Attention Network (TSMAN) that weakens the influence of back-propagated gradients caused by incorrect labels, thereby rendering the network robust to unclean data. The proposed TSMAN consists of two sub-networks that are connected by three types of attention models in different layers. The target of each attention model is to indicate potentially incorrect gradients in a certain layer for both sub-networks by analyzing their inferred features using the same input. In order to achieve this purpose, the attention models are designed based on the propagation analysis of noisy gradients at different layers. This allows the attention models to effectively discover incorrect labels and weaken their influence during parameter updating process. By exchanging multi-level features within two-stream architecture, the effects of noisy labels in each sub-network are reduced by decreasing the noisy gradients. Furthermore, a hierarchical distillation is developed to provide reliable pseudo labels for unlabelded data, which further boosts the performance of TSMAN. The experiments using both HVSMR 2016 and BRATS 2015 benchmarks demonstrate that our semi-supervised learning framework surpasses the state-of-the-art fully-supervised results.
ClusterGAN: Latent Space Clustering in Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Mukherjee Sudipto , Asnani Himanshu , Lin Eugene , Kannan Sreeram
Published: September 2019

Generative Adversarial networks (GANs) have obtained remarkable success in many unsupervised learning tasks and unarguably, clustering is an important unsupervised learning problem. While one can potentially exploit the latent-space back-projection in GANs to cluster, we demonstrate that the cluster structure is not retained in the GAN latent space. In this paper, we propose ClusterGAN as a new mechanism for clustering using GANs. By sampling latent variables from a mixture of one-hot encoded variables and continuous latent variables, coupled with an inverse network (which projects the data to the latent space) trained jointly with a clustering specific loss, we are able to achieve clustering in the latent space. Our results show a remarkable phenomenon that GANs can preserve latent space interpolation across categories, even though the discriminator is never exposed to such vectors. We compare our results with various clustering baselines and demonstrate superior performance on both synthetic and real datasets.
Number Sequence Prediction Problems for Evaluating Computational Powers of Neural Networks
Authors: Nam Hyoungwook , Kim Segwang , Jung Kyomin
Published: September 2019

Inspired by number series tests to measure human intelligence, we suggest number sequence prediction tasks to assess neural network models’ computational powers for solving algorithmic problems. We define the complexity and difficulty of a number sequence prediction task with the structure of the smallest automaton that can generate the sequence. We suggest two types of number sequence prediction problems: the number-level and the digit-level problems. The number-level problems format sequences as 2-dimensional grids of digits and the digit-level problems provide a single digit input per a time step. The complexity of a number-level sequence prediction can be defined with the depth of an equivalent combinatorial logic, and the complexity of a digit-level sequence prediction can be defined with an equivalent state automaton for the generation rule. Experiments with number-level sequences suggest that CNN models are capable of learning the compound operations of sequence generation rules, but the depths of the compound operations are limited. For the digitlevel problems, simple GRU and LSTM models can solve some problems with the complexity of finite state automata. Memory augmented models such as Stack-RNN, Attention, and Neural Turing Machines can solve the reverse-order task which has the complexity of simple pushdown automaton. However, all of above cannot solve general Fibonacci, Arithmetic or Geometric sequence generation problems that represent the complexity of queue automata or Turing machines. The results show that our number sequence prediction problems effectively evaluate machine learning models’ computational capabilities.
Effect of negative excess pore-water pressure on the stability of excavated slopes
Authors: Ghadrdan M. , Shaghaghi T. , Tolooiyan A.
Published: September 2019

Generation of negative excess pore-water pressure (NEPWP) due to the excavation of saturated soils under undrained conditions and the dissipation that follows over time may result in different short- and long-term slope instability. The NEPWP generated due to excavation gradually decreases towards equilibrium or, in some cases, steady seepage. Hence, total pore-water pressures immediately after excavation are lower than the ultimate equilibrium values, leading to a reduction of the average effective stresses in the slope and subsequently threatening stability in the long term. In this research study, the stability of three benchmark civil and mining excavations has been studied, considering the effects of the generation and dissipation of NEPWP. A series of numerical simulations are conducted to determine the role of in situ stresses and time in NEPWP dissipation as well as the consequent effects on the stability of the excavated slopes. To conduct a realistic time-dependent transient analysis, fully coupled hydro-geomechanical formulation has been employed. Results show that in general, higher removal of stress levels lead to higher NEPWP generation and higher factor of safety values in the short term. Thereafter, the dissipation of NEPWP threatens the long-term stability of the excavation.
Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinden izole edilen Çoklu İlaç Dirençli Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas İzolatlarında Karbapenem Direncinin Araştırılması
Authors: RAGBETLİ Cennet , GÜDÜCÜOĞLU Hüseyin , PARLAK Mehmet
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and Aims: Bu çalışmada hastanemiz Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde (YBÜ) yatan hastalarda en sık rastlanan nonfermentatiflerden Pseudomonas ve Acinetobacter izolatlarında Çoklu ilaç dirençli (ÇİD) gelişimine sebep olan karbapenem direncinin genotipik analizlerle ortaya konulmasını amaçlanmıştır.Bu çalışmada hastanemiz Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde (YBÜ) yatan hastalarda en sık rastlanan nonfermentatiflerden Pseudomonas ve Acinetobacter izolatlarında Çoklu ilaç dirençli (ÇİD) gelişimine sebep olan karbapenem direncinin genotipik analizlerle ortaya konulmasını amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, Nisan 2014-Aralık 2014 tarihleri arasında Yüzüncü Yıl
Üniversitesi Dursun Odabaş Tıp Merkezi YBÜ’deki hastalardan izole edilen 51 Acinetobacter baumannii ve 51 Pseudomonas aeruginosa karbapenem
direnci araştırılmıştır.Methods: İzolatlarının antimikrobiyal duyarlılıkları, Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon yöntemi ve BD Phoenix (Becton Dickinson, ABD) otomatize sistemi ile belirlenmiştir. Tüm izolatlarda karbapenem direncine yol açan IMP, VIM, GES, GIM, SPM, OXA-10, OXA-23 ve OXA-51 gen bölgeleri Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PZR) ile belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca tüm izolatlarda pulse field gel electrophorez (PFGE) ile klonal ilişki ortaya konmuştur.Results: Toplam 102 izolatın hiç birinde IMP, VIM, GES, GIM gen bölgeleri tespit edilmemiştir. A. baumannii izolatlarının tamamında en az bir gen bölgesi pozitif olmak üzere %98’i OXA-51, %77’si OXA-23 ve %4’ünde SPM geni pozitif bulunmuştur. Bu izolatlarda; %77 oranında OXA-23 ile OXA-51 ve %4 oranında OXA-23, OXA-51 ile SPM birlikteliği saptanmıştır. P. aeruginosa izolatlarında ise OXA-51 %18 ve OXA-10 ise %14 oranında tespit edilmiştir. PFGE yöntemi ile klonal ilişki analizi sonuçlarına göre A. baumannii izolatlarının kümeleşme oranı % 80 olarak belirlenirken P. aeruginosa da bu oran % 53 olarak belirlenmiştir.Conclusions: Çalışmamızda A. baumannii suşlarının karbapenem direncinden SPM, OXA 23 ve OXA
51 ve P. aeroginosa suşlarının karbapenem direncinden OXA 10 ve OXA 51 tipi
karbapenemaz sorumludur.
Fiscalizando la autonomía. Estado, pueblos indígenas y rendición de cuentas
Authors: Juan-Martínez Víctor Leonel
Published: September 2019

El presente trabajo muestra parte de los resultados de un proyecto de investigación realizado para identificar las tensiones y los puntos de encuentro entre las instituciones estatales de transparencia, fiscalización y asignación de recursos y sus instrumentos (plataforma para el gobierno abierto, portales de internet, reglas de operación, etc.) con las instituciones y procedimientos comunitarios. El estudio se efectúo en 12 comunidades indígenas de distintos pueblos y regiones del estado de Oaxaca, México. La revisión de los mecanismos de participación ciudadana y de la eficacia de los mecanismos estatales y comunitarios permitió observar hasta dónde, unos y otros, favorecen u obstaculizan la rendición de cuentas; así como la necesidad de una visión intercultural para el diálogo entre comunidades e instituciones estatales. En ese contexto, se revisaron experiencias de “contraloría comunitaria”, poniendo énfasis en los mecanismos exitosos al estar basados en normas locales dotadas de un alto nivel de legitimidad, pero también apuntando sus limitaciones. Entre los hallazgos obtenidos se encuentran la alta capacidad de las instituciones de las comunidades indígenas para garantizar la rendición de cuentas, así como la falta de pertinencia cultural de las instituciones del Estado mexicano para reconocer esos mecanismos y establecer esquemas de coordinación para coadyuvar en ese objetivo y los problemas que se generan debido a los desfases entre estos dos ámbitos.
Spectrophotometry method for the detection of Biochemical parameters v1
Authors: Du Xiaohua , Liu Xia , James Blackar Mawolo , Zhou Yingjie , Wang Haifeng , Liu Fayang , He Zhiqing
Published: September 2019

Definition of key terms Spectrophotometry is an experimental technique that is used to measure the concentration of solutes in a specific solution by calculating the amount of light absorbed by those solutes.[1] This technique is powerful because certain compounds will absorb different wavelengths of light at different intensities. By analyzing the light that passes through the solution, you can identify particular dissolved substances in solution and how concentrated those substances are. A automatic analyser (7180) is the device used to analyze solutions in a laboratory research setting. Desecription of Automatic analyser The Automatic analyser (7180) is a medium-sized biochemistry automatic analyzer.The minimum required amount of reaction solution is smaller due to a new optical design, and running cost is lower and working efficiency higher because the operating unit is usable in the same way as a general-purpose personal computer. Further, this analyzer features a wide range of applications including routine, stat and special analyses. Benefit of Spectrophotometry method The usage of Automatic analyser (Hitachi Ltd 7180 Serial, Tokyo, Japan) enabled us to obtained more samples result in less time and this prevented other factors from influencing our tested results.
A PROBLEM WITH AN INTEGRAL CONDITION OF THE FIRST KIND FOR AN EQUATION OF THE FOURTH ORDER
Authors: Dyuzheva A. V.
Published: September 2019

The article deals with a non-local problem with an integral condition for fourth-order pseudo-hyperbolic equation. The equation contains both a mixed derivative and a fourth order derivative in the spatial variable. The integral condition is a condition of the first kind, which leads to difficulties in the study of solvability of a problem. One of the successful methods of overcoming the difficulties of such a plan is the transition from the conditions of the first kind to the conditions of the second kind. The article proves the equivalence of the conditions of the first kind to the conditions of the second kind for this problem. The conditions on the coefficients of the equation and the input data are obtained and they guarantee the existence of a single problem solving. In the literature, such an equation is called the Rayleigh-Bishop equation.
THE PREDICTOR-CORRECTOR METHOD FOR MODELLING OF NONLINEAR OSCILLATORS
Authors: Zaitsev V. V. , Fedyunin E. Yu.
Published: September 2019

In the work physically reasonable algorithm of numerical modeling of nonlinear oscillatory and self-oscillatory systems are offered. The algorithm is based on discrete in time model of the linear oscillator. Nonlinearity is considered by the introduction to the oscillator of additional communications by the structural analysis of an initial system. For approximation of a temporary derivative in nonlinear communications it is offered to use the scheme of the prediction and correction. In spite of the fact that theoretically the algorithm has the second order of accuracy, within the numerical experiment with Van der Pol oscillator it shows better results, than a standard method of the second order the Heuns method.
Anti-Trichomonas Vaginalis Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Medicago Sativa and Satureja Hortensis, In Vitro Study
Authors: Mirzaei Farzaneh , Raissi Vahid , Teimouri Aref T , Mousavi Parisa , Mohaghegh Mohammad Ali , Dehghan Manshadi Mahdi , Zare Fateme , Rahimi Esboei Bahman
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims: Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoa that is associated with vaginitis, cervicitis, urethritis and other vaginal disorders. Current study aimed to evaluate the anti-Trichomonas activity of Medicago sativa and Satureja hortensis, in vitro.Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of Medicago sativa and Satureja hortensis were obtained by rotary evaporator. anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activities of the extracts in different concentrations were evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 hr of incubation of the cultured media.Results and Conclusions: The data showed a significant difference between concentration and time regarding the Satureja hortensis and Medicago sativa extracts compared to the negative control (p<0.05). According to the results, the anti- trichomonas activity of the Medicago sativa and Satureja hortensis extracts may make it possible to use them in the treatment of trichomoniasis.
Evaluation of Noise Exposure and the Relationship between Job Stress and Sleep Disturbance in Workers of an Iranian Construction Industry
Authors: ASIVANDZADEH Ehsan , JAMALIZADEH Zeynab , MOHEBI Afshin , YARI Peyman , POORYA FAZELI Seyyed
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Noise is considered as a risk factor for a wide range of industrial environments, including construction industry. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of job stress caused by noise exposure with sleep disturbance.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out among 134 workers of an Iranian construction industry. To assess the individuals' noise exposure in accordance with the ISO 9612: 2009, the eight-hour occupational exposure level was measured. To assess the occupational stress, the Parker Job Stress Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index were applied. Epworth Sleepiness Scale was also used to assess the sleep disturbance. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation test, and multivariate regression in SPSS version 23.
Results: The results of Pearson correlation test and multivariate regression showed that noise can cause sleep disturbance by causing occupational stress in workers. Based on the results of this study, noise exposure, occupational stress, and sleep disturbance have a direct and positive relationship. In other words, increased noise exposure leads to occupational stress and sleep disturbance.
Conclusion: Assessment of the noise exposure in workers of a construction industry showed that noise was a very important factor in the psychological problems of workers in this industry. In addition to the direct effects of noise on sleep disturbance, it can indirectly exacerbate the sleep disturbances.
The potential of social media and nursing education: E-professionalism, nurse educator–learner role, benefits and risks
Authors: Isik Burcin , Jallad Samar Thabet
Published: September 2019

In the 21st century, continuous and evolving complex treatment needs required health professionals to be educated about using social media for their ethical and legal responsibilities that are more influenced. So, the learners should be adapting to become power users of education and demand up-to-date interesting models of teaching by using social media to encourage dialogue and self-efficacy. Using social media tools, such as Blogs, Twitter, Wikis, Facebook and YouTube in nursing education develops critical reflection skills, promotes life-long learning and supports decision-making skills. While the risks raise privacy concerns regarding the interactions among learners and between learners and educators. Hence, nurse educators and learners must be aware of e-professionalism when using social media, and how to separate their personal and professional life to communicate with peers, patients, family and friends. In this context, this paper reviews how social media impacts on nursing education, and the vital role of nurse educators and learner.

Keywords: Nursing education, social media, e-professionalism, benefits of social media, risks of social media.
Looking at male nurse discrimination among nursing students with O’connor finger-dexterity test; future of gender discrimination
Authors: Aynaci Gulden
Published: September 2019

Hand-dexterity and hand-eye coordination are important in the nursing profession. In nursing education, equal conditions for gaining experience regardless of gender difference should be established. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of gender difference on hand-dexterity and hand-eye coordination. Our study included 100 undergraduate nursing students of XXX University evaluated by O’Connor finger dexterity test. The study demonstrated that males were careful and willing to take care of their patients but they felt they are at the backstage because the occupation is a female predominant one. They were careful during the O’Connor test. The average test duration of female and male students was similar. Students with longer hand and palm lengths had better hand-dexterity. Because wrist circumference and width were more in males than females; this provided advantage to males. O’Connor results demonstrated that male students aren’t less successful in terms of dexterity and hand-eye-coordination.

Keywords: Hand-dexterity; nurse; O’connor