bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum Walk on FRET Networks
Authors: Takeuchi Michihisa
Published: October 2023

In this section, we introduce the basics of quantum walk algorithm and its applications. Quantum walk is a natural extension of the concept of random walk in quantum way; therefore, the results obtained from the discussion are considered as the results by Quantum Computation. In principle, we can expect a certain type of the computation would be boosted. There are a variety of phenomena in Quantum walks, and much broader outcomes are often obtained than those from classical random walk. Such famous examples include quantum search algorithms and quantum simulations. In this article, we introduce a quantum simulation of QCD parton shower algorithm appearing in particle physics.
Spatial Photonic Ising Machine with Time/Space Division Multiplexing
Authors: Ogura Yusuke
Published: October 2023

The spatial photonic Ising machine (SPIM) is an unconventional computing architecture based on parallel propagation/processing with spatial light modulation. SPIM enables the handling of an Ising model using light as a pseudospin. This chapter presents SPIMs with multiplexing to enhance their functionality. Handling a fully connected Ising model with a rank-2 or higher spin-interaction matrix becomes possible with multiplexing, drastically improving its applicability in practical applications. We constructed and examined systems based on time- and space-division multiplexing to handle Ising models with ranks of no less than one while maintaining high scalability owing to the features of spatial light modulation. Experimental results with knapsack problems demonstrate that these methods can compute the Hamiltonian consisting of objective and constraint terms, which require multiplexing, and can determine the ground-state spin configuration. In particular, in space-division multiplexing SPIM, the characteristics of the solution search vary based on the physical parameters of the optical system. A numerical study also suggested the effectiveness of the dynamic parameter settings in improving the Ising machine performance. These results demonstrate the high capability of SPIMs with multiplexing.
Neugeborenen-Hörscreening in Deutschland – Ergebnisse der Evaluationen 2011/2012 und 2017/2018
Authors: Brockow Inken , Söhl Kristina , Hanauer Marianne , Heißenhuber Annette , Marzi Carola , am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen Antoinette , Matulat Peter , Mansmann Ulrich , Nennstiel Uta
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund

Das Neugeborenen-Hörscreening (NHS) wurde 2009 durch den Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss (G-BA) mit Aufnahme in die Kinder-Richtlinie bundesweit eingeführt. Dabei wurden in der Kinder-Richtlinie auch Qualitätsziele festgelegt. Um die Qualität des NHS in Deutschland zu überprüfen, hat der G‑BA eine Bietergemeinschaft mit einer ersten Evaluation für die Jahre 2011/2012 und einer Folge-Evaluation für 2017/2018 beauftragt.

Methoden

Grundlage der Evaluationen waren Sammelstatistiken, die von allen geburtshilflichen und neonatologischen Abteilungen, als Leistungserbringer des NHS, geführt werden müssen und ggf. in Kooperation mit Hörscreening-Zentralen (HSZ) erstellt werden. Zusätzliche Daten wurden durch Fragebögen und Interviews erhoben und durch Routinedaten ergänzt, um den vollständigen Screeningprozess zu evaluieren.

Ergebnisse

In 13 Bundesländern sind insgesamt 15 HSZ in den Screeningprozess eingebunden. Deutschlandweit wurde 2018 eine Screeningrate von 86,1 % (2012: 82,4 %) dokumentiert, die sich deutlich zwischen den Bundesländern unterschied. Die vorgegebenen Qualitätsziele konnten noch nicht überall umgesetzt werden. So erreichten nur knapp die Hälfte der Geburtsabteilungen die angestrebte Screeningrate von über 95 %. Beim Vergleich der Folge-Evaluation mit den Daten der ersten Evaluation konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich die Strukturqualität des NHS verbessert hatte, während die Prozessqualität eher gleich blieb oder schlechter geworden war, verdeutlicht insbesondere durch einen Anstieg der Refer-Rate (Kinder, die mit einem auffälligen Befund entlassen wurden) von 5,3 % auf 6,0 %.

Diskussion

Zur Verbesserung der Qualität des NHS sollten flächendeckend HSZ etabliert und – wie in der Richtlinie vorgesehen – bei auffälligem Erstscreening ein zweites Screening noch vor Entlassung konsequenter durchgeführt werden.
Evaluation of antibody-based single cell type imaging techniques coupled to multiplexed imaging of N-glycans and collagen peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Dunne Jaclyn , Griner Jake , Romeo Martin , Macdonald Jade , Krieg Carsten , Lim Mark , Yagnik Gargey , Rothschild Kenneth J. , Drake Richard R. , Mehta Anand S. , Angel Peggi M.
Published: October 2023

The integration of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) with single cell spatial omics methods allows for a comprehensive investigation of single cell spatial information and matrisomal N-glycan and extracellular matrix protein imaging. Here, the performance of the antibody-directed single cell workflows coupled with MALDI-MSI are evaluated. Miralys™ photocleavable mass-tagged antibody probes (MALDI-IHC, AmberGen, Inc.), GeoMx DSP® (NanoString, Inc.), and Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC, Standard BioTools Inc.) were used in series with MALDI-MSI of N-glycans and extracellular matrix peptides on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Single cell omics protocols were performed before and after MALDI-MSI. The data suggests that for each modality combination, there is an optimal order for performing both techniques on the same tissue section. An overall conclusion is that MALDI-MSI studies may be completed on the same tissue section as used for antibody-directed single cell modalities. This work increases access to combined cellular and extracellular information within the tissue microenvironment to enhance research on the pathological origins of disease.

Graphical Abstract
First reports of trace element bioaccumulation in the Antarctic deep-sea squid Psychroteuthis glacialis
Authors: Lischka A. , Braid H. E. , Gaw S. , Bolstad K. S. R.
Published: October 2023

Trophic interactions in the Antarctic Ocean are likely to be affected by changing environmental conditions. Some of these impacts can be observed, and predicted, by monitoring trace element concentrations in the tissues of animals at certain trophic levels. The ‘glacial’ squid (Psychroteuthis glacialis) is an ideal indicator species for measuring trace element bioaccumulation in the Ross Sea because it plays a central role in local marine food webs. Trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Mn, Pb, U, V, and Zn) were measured in mantle and digestive gland tissues of 57P. glacialisspecimens, including juvenile and mature individuals. Significant differences in Al, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, V, and Zn concentrations were observed across life stages, with juveniles generally having the highest concentrations. As the bioaccumulation of most trace elements is influenced by diet, our results suggest different feeding patterns between juvenile and matureP. glacialis. In turn, it is likely that the life stage ofP. glacialisindividuals consumed by predators will determine trace element exposure higher up the trophic web. Overall, this Antarctic squid appears to be influenced by the trace element cycling in the Ross Sea and contains lower concentrations of trace elements than have been observed in squids in warmer waters.
Conservation Agriculture Impacts on Economic Profitability and Environmental Performance of Agroecosystems
Authors: Lorenzetti Lorenza Alexandra , Fiorini Andrea
Published: October 2023

The rationale of this study originates from the primary sector’s multiple roles in the global warming issue. Agriculture is reported among the main causes of anthropogenic global warming. At the same time, it is profoundly impacted by climate change and concurrently holds potential as a solution through the sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC) facilitated by Conservation Agriculture (CA). However, the findings in the literature are controversial on the SOC sequestration capacity and the profitability of CA implementation. Considering the new and old objectives of the sector, this paper tackles the assessment of the actual capabilities of CA to be a viable strategy to pursue the social good of climate change mitigation and concurrently be profitable for farmers. The economic profitability and environmental performance of CA are assessed analysing data from a field experiment in Northern Italy (European temperate area) and identifying the best management practice by means of a data envelopment analysis.
Efficacy and safety of new-generation Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yin Shuo , Zheng Xiaohong , Zhang Weichunbai , Zhao Hanyun , Zhang Rong , Li Wenbin , Chen Feng
Published: October 2023

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) is a type of mature B lymphocyte clonal proliferative tumor with a specific immunophenotype. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) have been approved for the treatment of CLL/SLL. However, the efficacy and safety of new-generation BTKi-based regimens have not been systematically studied. In this systematic review, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of new-generation BTKi-based regimens for the treatment of patients with CLL/SLL. A comprehensive search on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. up to January 31, 2023, was conducted by us. Studies reporting data on CLL/SLL patients treated with new-generation BTKi were included. We assessed the overall response rate (ORR), complete response (CR) rate, and 24-month OS/PFS rates for efficacy analysis. For safety analysis, we evaluated the incidence of grade ≥ 3 adverse events (AEs). The meta-analysis included twenty studies. The pooled ORR for new-generation BTKi was 92% (95% CI, 89–95%, I2 = 80.68%, P = 0.00), while the pooled CR rate was 10% (95% CI, 6–14%, I2 = 88.11%, P = 0.00). Research has found that the new-generation BTKi-based therapy had higher efficacy under the following treatment conditions: < 65 years old, treatment-naive (TN)-CLL, and BTKi combination therapy. The ORR/CR rates and 24-month OS/PFS rates of BTKi combination therapy were higher than that of BTKi monotherapy. Compared to acalabrutinib monotherapy, zanubrutinib monotherapy demonstrated higher ORR/CR rates and 24-month OS/PFS rates. Common grade ≥ 3 AEs included cytopenia and hypertension. The new-generation BTKi-based therapy has good tolerance and provides incremental benefits for CLL/SLL patients. Despite the superior efficacy of BTKi combination therapy compared to monotherapy, its AEs rates are relatively high. Compared to acalabrutinib, Zanubrutinib may be the preferred monotherapy for CLL. However, randomized-controlled studies are still needed.
Clinical impact of non-lying time on hospital-associated functional decline in older patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Kono Yuji , Mukaino Masahiko , Ozawa Yushi , Mizutani Koji , Senju Yuki , Ogasawara Takayuki , Yamaguchi Masumi , Muramatsu Takashi , Izawa Hideo , Otaka Yohei
Published: October 2023

The purposes of the present study were: (1) to investigate the relationship between hospital-associated functional decline (HAFD) and non-lying time and (2) to clarify the optimal cut-off value for non-lying time associated with HAFD in older patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). From January 2021 to December 2022, patients admitted to a university hospital who underwent trans-femoral TAVI were consecutively recruited. We measured short physical performance battery (SPPB) pre and post-TAVI, and non-lying time from post-operative days 3–5. HAFD was defined as at least 1 point decrease in SPPB during pre and post-TAVI. Among 75 patients (47 female, mean age of 84.5 years) enrolled, 14 patients were classified as having HAFD. Non-lying time was significantly shorter in the HAFD group than in the non-HAFD group (371 min vs. 539 min, P < 0.001). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis determined an optimal cut-off value of 477 min for differentiating the patients more likely to experience HAFD (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 92%; area under the curve, 0.798). The non-lying time could be one of the associated factors of HAFD in older patients with TAVI. Non-lying time of about 480 min (8 h) during hospitalization may be an initial target for preventing HAFD.
Lymphovascular invasion and p16 expression are independent prognostic factors in stage I vulvar squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Davidson Ben , Skeie-Jensen Tone , Holth Arild , Lindemann Kristina , Toralba Barrameda Anne Marie , Lie Agnes Kathrine , Wang Yun
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to identify clinicopathologic parameters associated with disease outcome in FIGO stage I vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vSqCC). The cohort consisted of 126 patients diagnosed with vSqCC in the period 2006–2016 who underwent primary vulvar surgery and evaluation of groin lymph node status. Tumors were reviewed by an experienced gynecologic pathologist. p16 and p53 protein expression by immunohistochemistry and HPV status were analyzed in 116 tumors. Clinicopathologic parameters, protein expression and HPV status were analyzed for association with progression-free and overall survival (PFS, OS). p16 expression and aberrant p53 were found in 49 (42%) and 61 (53%) tumors, respectively. Sixty-six tumors were HPV-associated (57%). Relapse was diagnosed in 35/126 (28%) of patients, and 23 (18%) died of disease. Tumor diameter > 4 cm (p = 0.013), lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI; p < 0.001), the presence of lichen sclerosus (p = 0.019), p16 expression (p = 0.007), p53 expression (p = 0.012), HPV status (p = 0.021), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001) and post-operative radiotherapy (p < 0.001) were significantly related to OS in univariate analysis. Tumor diameter > 4 cm (p = 0.038), LVSI (p = 0.003), the presence of lichen sclerosus (p = 0.004), p16 expression (p = 0.004), HPV status (p = 0.039), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001) and post-operative treatment (p < 0.001), were significantly related to PFS in univariate analysis. Age, BMI and surgical resection involvement were not significantly associated with OS or PFS. In multivariate Cox analysis, LVSI and p16 expression were independent prognosticators of OS (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively) and PFS (p = 0.018, p = 0.037). In conclusion, LVSI and p16 expression are independent prognostic factors in stage I vSqCC.
The care burden for technology-dependent children with long-term home ventilation increases along with the improvement of their motor functions
Authors: Maeda Hirotoshi , Tomomatsu Ikuko , Iikura Izumi , Ikari Masahiro , Kondo Youichi , Yamamoto Miyuki , Tamura Masanori
Published: October 2023

Since the establishment of Japan’s publicly supported pediatric home medical care (PHMC) system in 2012, the number of technology-dependent children (TDC) who are supported by PHMC has been increasing. We expected care to become easier as TDC mobility increased. However, many family caregivers complained of the opposite, that the burden of care increased as TDC’s mobility increased. Therefore, we aimed to study the problems of the care burden of families in relation to the improvement of mobility of TDC with a focus on respiratory support. We conducted a survey among caregivers of TDC in two parts: a first survey was done between 2018 and 2020, and a follow-up survey in 2023. In each medical procedure, the correlation of TDC’s motor function level with care burden was analyzed by using correlation analysis. In 15 households, caregivers’ activities were monitored to elucidate the problems of the care objectively. The second survey was conducted in February 2023 in TDC whose medical records were available. Analysis of 418 cases showed that care-burden increased with improvements in the children’s motor ability in tracheostomy, or remained the same in other procedures. A follow-up study in 262/418 cases of this group showed that part of these TDC with high mobility aged 1–8, after passing through the mobile phase with increased burden of care, had a high potential to be weaned from medical devices.

  Conclusion: For TDC who acquire motor skills during PHMC, the burden of care for caregivers either increases or remains the same. It is important to maintain social support for TDC on the recovering mobile stage.

What is Known:• There was no clear information on the care burden when TDC become mobile.

What is New:• We did a qualitative study to show that the care burden increases when TDC become mobile.• In addition, mobike TDC showed a high potential for recovery.
Mutation in Chek2 triggers von Hippel-Lindau hemangioblastoma growth
Authors: Cabrera-Montes Jorge , Aguirre Daniel T. , Viñas-López Jesús , Lorente-Herraiz Laura , Recio-Poveda Lucía , Albiñana Virginia , Pérez-Pérez Julián , Botella Luisa M. , Cuesta Angel M.
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is a rare inherited disease mainly characterized by the growth of tumours, predominantly hemangioblastomas (Hbs) in the CNS and retina, and renal carcinomas. The natural history of VHL disease is variable, differing in the age of onset and its penetrance, even among relatives. Unfortunately, sometimes VHL shows more severe than average: the onset starts in adolescence, and surgeries are required almost every year. In these cases, the factor that triggers the appearance and growth of Hbs usually remains unknown, although additional mutations are suspected.

Methods

We present the case of a VHL patient whose first surgery was at 13 years of age. Then, along his next 8 years, he has undergone 5 surgeries for resection of 10 CNS Hbs. To clarify this severe VHL condition, DNA from a CNS Hb and white blood cells (WBC) was sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology.

Results

Massive DNA sequencing of the WBC (germ line) revealed a pathogenic mutation in CHEK2 and the complete loss of a VHL allele (both tumour suppressors). Moreover, in the tumour sample, several mutations, in BRAF1 and PTPN11 were found. Familiar segregation studies showed that CHEK2 mutation was in the maternal lineage, while VHL was inherited by paternal lineage.

Conclusions

Finally, clinical history correlated to the different genotypes in the family, concluding that the severity of these VHL manifestations are due to both, VHL-and-CHEK2 mutations. This case report aims to notice the importance of deeper genetic analyses, in inherited rare diseases, to uncover non-expected mutations.
Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gefäßchirurgie und Gefäßmedizin (DGG e. V.) präsentiert ihr neues Leitbild!
Authors: Böckler D. , Adili F. , Cotta L. , Görtz H. , Heckenkamp J. , Peter J. , Schmandra Th. , Stojanovic T. , Uhl Ch. , Steinbauer M.
Published: October 2023

Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gefäßchirurgie und Gefäßmedizin (DGG e. V.) hat 38 Jahre nach ihrer Gründung ein Leitbild entwickelt, um vor allem ihren Mitgliedern, aber auch Patientinnen und Patienten, dem studierenden Nachwuchs und der Öffentlichkeit eine werteorientierte Sichtbarkeit dessen zu geben, was ihr wichtig ist. Unter dem Motto

„Wir sind Gefäße“ positionieren sich die DGG und ihre Mitglieder. Die DGG steht für Kompetenz und Exzellenz in der Gefäßchirurgie und Gefäßmedizin.

Das Leitbild wurde in der Mitgliederversammlung der DGG e. V. an der Dreiländertagung 2022 in Wien vorgestellt und verabschiedet. Das nun vorliegende Leitbild bildet die Grundlage für eine künftige Markenbildung (Branding) der DGG und des Faches Gefäßchirurgie. Die Anpassung und Weiterentwicklung dieses Leitbildes sind zukünftig möglich und ggf. erforderlich.
Design of experiments in the optimization of all-cellulose composites
Authors: Victoria Ashley , Hine Peter John , Ward Keeran , Ries Michael Edward
Published: October 2023

In this work, statistical design of experiments (DoE) was applied to the optimization of all cellulose composites (ACCs) using cotton textile and interleaf films under applied heat and pressure. The effects of dissolution temperature, pressure and time on ACC mechanical properties were explored through a full factorial design (23) and later optimized using Response Surface Methodology. It was found that the experimental design was effective at revealing the underlying relationship between Young’s modulus and processing conditions, identifying optimum temperature and time settings of 101 °C and 96.8 min respectively, to yield a predicted Young’s modulus of 3.3 GPa. This was subsequently validated through the preparation of in-lab test samples which were found to exhibit a very similar Young’s modulus of 3.4 ± 0.2 GPa, confirming the adequacy of the predictive model. Additionally, the optimized samples had an average tensile strength and peel strength of 72 ± 2 MPa and 811 ± 160 N/m respectively, as well as a favorable density resulting from excellent consolidation within the material microstructure. This work highlights the potential of DoE for future ACC process understanding and optimization, helping to bring ACCs to the marketplace as feasible material alternatives.
Warming experiments test the temperature sensitivity of an endangered butterfly across life history stages
Authors: Bristow Lainey V. , Grundel Ralph , Dzurisin Jason D. K. , Wu Grace C. , Li Yudi , Hildreth Andrew , Hellmann Jessica J.
Published: October 2023

The Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) (hereafter Karner blue) is a federally listed endangered species occurring in disjunct locations within the Midwest and Eastern United States. As a hostplant specialist and an ectotherm, the Karner blue is likely to be susceptible to effects of climate change. We undertook warming experiments to explore the temperature sensitivity of various Karner blue life history stages and traits. Over a two-year period, we exposed all Karner blue life stages to temperature increases of + 2, + 4, and + 6 °C above 1952–1999 mean temperatures. We analyzed the effect of these treatments on life history parameters likely related to fitness and population size, including development time, voltinism, degree-day accumulation, body weight, and morphology. Warming treatments resulted in earlier emergence and accelerated development, leading to additional generations. Warming also increased the number of degree-days accumulated during pre-adult development (i.e., egg hatch to eclosion). Results suggest that Karner blues developed in fewer days, in part, by putting on less mass as temperatures increased. As treatment temperature increased, adult body mass, length, and area decreased and voltinism increased. Females with lower adult mass and smaller body size produced fewer eggs. These results suggest a trade-off between accelerated development and decreased body size with decrease in adult mass and abdominal area being associated with reduced fecundity.

Implications for insect conservation

Changes in development timing and in voltinism can negatively affect phenological matching between the Karner blue and its obligate host plant, Wild lupine (Lupinus perennis), resulting in population decrease. Poorer phenological matching between insect and hostplant can occur across multiple generations, for example, negatively affecting overwintering population size. With increasing temperatures, smaller females will produce fewer eggs, which can also lead to poorer population outcomes across generations.
Factors influencing residential location choice in South Africa: exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)
Authors: Lesia Mosala Phillip , Aigbavboa Clinton O. , Thwala Wellington D.
Published: October 2023

This paper employs a quantitative approach, in which a structured questionnaire containing 90 indicator variables identified from literature was administered to a total of 266 households in South Africa. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were utilised in analysing the collected data, with goodness-of-fit based on a two-index strategy used in determining model acceptability. The SEM results showed that all eight identified exogenous (independent) factors (demographic characteristics, dwelling unit features, neighbourhood features, services provided by the government, household self-congruity, functional congruity, green building features and stakeholders’ relations) had a direct positive and significant influence RLC in South Africa. The general hypothesis that the choices of households in choosing where to reside or stay are a product of the direct influence of the exogenous variables in influencing RLC in South Africa is proven. This suggested that all eight (8) variables included in the model are the most significant determinants of the RLC in South Africa.
Physics based data driven method for the crashworthiness design of origami composite tubes
Authors: Ciampaglia Alberto , Fiumarella Dario , Boursier Niutta Carlo , Ciardiello Raffaele , Belingardi Giovanni
Published: October 2023

A novel method based on a physics informed data driven model is developed to design an origami composite crash tube. The structure consists of two axially stacked basic components, called modules. Each module presents lower and upper square sections with an octagonal section in the middle. The parameters of the octagonal cross-section and the height of each module are optimized to maximize the energy absorption of the tube when subjected to an axial impact. In contrast to standard surrogate modelling techniques, whose accuracy only depends on the amount of available data, a Physics-informed Neural Network (PINN) scheme is adopted to correlate the crushing response of the single modules to that of the whole origami tube, constraining the data driven method to physically consistent predictions. The PINN is first trained on the results obtained with an experimentally validated Finite Element model and then used to optimize the structure. Results show that the PINN can accurately predict the crushing response of the origami tube, while consistently reducing the computational effort required to explore the whole design domain. Also, the comparison with a standard Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) shows that the PINN scheme leads to more accurate results.
A new method for predicting hurricane rapid intensification based on co-occurring environmental parameters
Authors: Narayanan Anushka , Balaguru Karthik , Xu Wenwei , Leung L. Ruby
Published: October 2023

Tropical cyclones (TCs) that undergo Rapid Intensification (RI) can pose serious socioeconomic threats and can potentially result in major damaging impacts along coastal areas. Considering the complexity of various physical mechanisms that play a role in RI and its relatively low probability of occurrence, predicting RI remains a major operational challenge. In this study, we propose a simple deterministic binary classification model based on the co-occurrence of environmental parameters (MCE) to predict an RI event. More specifically, the model determines the possibility of RI based on a simple count of the number of environmental predictors deemed favorable and unfavorable. We compare our model results to logistic regression (LR) and decision tree (DT) models, well-trained using the same set of environmental predictors. Results reveal that at an RI threshold of 30 kt, the MCE exhibits a critical success index score of 0.233 which is 14% higher than DT and LR model performances. When tested at multiple RI thresholds, the MCE displays relatively higher skill scores across multiple metrics. By simultaneously evaluating the favorability of predictors, the MCE is able to comparatively reduce the number of false alarms predicted when certain predictors are unfavorable toward RI. Interpreting these model results to gain a physical understanding of how co-occurring environmental parameters can affect RI, we highlight future directions for using models based on the MCE approach to understand and predict TC RI as well as other meteorological extremes.
An Investigation of Models for Under-Reporting in the Analysis of Violence Against Women in Italy
Authors: Polettini Silvia , Arima Serena , Martino Sara
Published: October 2023

Violence against women is still one of the most widespread and persistent violations of human rights. Despite this, a significant gap of comprehensive, reliable and up-to-date figures on such a largely uncovered phenomenon remains. To develop efficient and effective policy and legal responses to gender-based violence, accurate data are necessary. Surveys specifically designed to quantify the number of victims of gender violence return prevalence estimates at a given time, and assess the under-detection of violence and its drivers. However, the last Italian Women’s Safety Survey was conducted by ISTAT in 2014. Given the substantial under-reporting affecting official counts of violence reports to the police, and the lack of recent survey data, up-to-date prevalence estimates cannot be produced. Designing ad hoc techniques suitable to pool data arising from different sources, first of all official police reports, and accounting for the under-reporting, is crucial to understand and measure violence against women to return a realistic picture of this greatly underrated phenomenon and assess its scope. We use publicly available registry data on violence reports in 2020 as a primary source to provide improved estimates of gender violence in the Italian regions, by introducing a Bayesian model that supplements the observed counts with a pool of auxiliary information, including socio-demographic indicators, data on calls from 1522 helpline number and prevalence estimates from previous surveys, while explicitly modelling the reporting process using covariates and external information. We propose using statistical models for the analysis of misreported data to improve the understanding of the problem from a methodological point of view and to get insights into the complex dynamics of the phenomenon in Italy.
The Plasma Instrument for Magnetic Sounding (PIMS) on the Europa Clipper Mission
Authors: Westlake J. H. , McNutt R. L. , Grey M. , Coren D. , Rymer A. M. , Cochrane C. J. , Luspay-Kuti A. , Hohlfeld E. , Seese N. , Crew A. , Liang S. , Diaz T. , Smith H. T. , Paty C. S. , Jia X. , Rogacki S. , Stevens M. L. , Kasper J. C. , Case A. W. , Slavin J. A. , Khurana K. K. , Kivelson M. G. , Shearer C. , Mandt K. E. , Asmar K. , Cooper K. , Battista C. , Kim C. , Katz S. , Kusterer M. , Brown L. , Linko D. , Schlemm C. , Jaskulek S. , Dalton J. , Caranza R. , Reynolds E. , Richardson M. , Saur J. , Krupp N. , Roussos E.
Published: October 2023

Characterizing Europa’s subsurface ocean is essential for assessing Europa’s habitability. The suite of instruments on the Europa Clipper spacecraft will, among others, magnetically sound Europa’s interior by measuring the ocean’s induced magnetic field. This magnetic field is generated in response to the Jovian time-varying magnetic environment in which Europa is immersed. However, the dynamic magnetized plasma flow of the Jovian magnetosphere creates electrical currents that give rise to magnetic perturbations near Europa. These perturbations complicate the interpretation of the induction signal, and hence the characterization and inferences on potential habitability. Thus, characterization of the ocean by magnetic sounding requires an accurate characterization of the plasma as it flows across Europa.

We present the Plasma Instrument for Magnetic Sounding (PIMS), the instrument for the Europa Clipper mission that will measure the plasma contribution to the magnetic field perturbations sensed by the Europa Clipper Magnetometer. PIMS is composed of four Faraday Cup plasma spectrometers that use voltage-biased gridded apertures to dissect the space plasmas that they encounter. The instrument uses sensitive preamplifiers and processing electronics to measure the current that results when charged particles strike the instrument’s metal collector plates, thus enabling a measure of the plasma characteristics near Europa to produce a more accurate magnetic sounding of Europa’s subsurface ocean. PIMS consists of two sensors: one placed near the top of the Europa Clipper spacecraft and one near the bottom. Each sensor contains two Faraday Cups with a 90° full-width field-of-view. The sensors were specifically designed to withstand the Europa environment, measure both ions and electrons, and have two separate voltage ranges intended to analyze the magnetospheric and ionospheric environments, respectively. In this paper, we describe the scientific motivation for this experiment, the design considerations for the PIMS instrument, the details of the ground calibration, and other details pertinent to understanding the scientific data retrieved by PIMS.
Density estimation for toroidal data using semiparametric mixtures
Authors: Xu Danli , Wang Yong
Published: October 2023

Toroidal data is an extension of circular data on a torus and plays a critical part in various scientific fields. This article studies the density estimation of multivariate toroidal data based on semiparametric mixtures. One of the major challenges of semiparametric mixture modelling in a multi-dimensional space is that one can not directly maximize the likelihood over the unrestricted component density as it will result in a degenerate estimate with an unbounded likelihood. To overcome this problem, we propose to fix the maximum of the component density, which subsequently bounds the maximum of the mixture and its likelihood function, hence providing a satisfactory density estimate. The product of univariate circular distributions are utilized to form multivariate toroidal densities as candidates for mixture components. Numerical studies show that the mixture-based density estimator is superior in general to the kernel density estimator.
A new species of Siphoderina Manter, 1934 (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) infecting the Dory Snapper Lutjanus fulviflamma (Teleostei: Lutjanidae) from the east coast of South Africa
Authors: Yong Russell Q -Y. , Martin Storm B. , Smit Nico J.
Published: October 2023

Parasitological assessment of marine fishes at Sodwana Bay in the iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area on the east coast of South Africa revealed a new species of cryptogonimid trematode infecting the pyloric caeca of the Dory Snapper, Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål) (Lutjanidae). The new species is morphologically consistent with the concept of the large genus Siphoderina Manter, 1934; its phylogenetic position within this genus was validated through molecular sequencing of the ITS2 and partial 28S ribosomal DNA sub-regions. We name this species Siphoderina nanan. sp. and comment on the current state of understanding for this genus of cryptogonimids.
A trade-off in activated biochar capping of complex sediment contamination: reduced PAH transport at the cost of potential As mobilisation
Authors: Dublet-Adli Gabrielle , Cornelissen Gerard , Eek Espen , Sørmo Erlend , Hansen Caroline Berge , Tjønneland Maren Valestrand , Maurice Christian
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The effect of thin-layer capping with activated biochar on sediment-to-water flux was investigated. For the first time, the diffusion of both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and arsenic (As) were studied simultaneously. The fate of As was investigated, under successive dysoxic and oxic conditions, in order to assess and discuss potential trade-off effects when using biochar as an active sorbent for capping of multi-contaminated sediments.

Methods

Sediments from the Bureå bay (Sweden), contaminated with PAH and metal elements including As and Hg, were capped with activated biochar and/or bentonite in simple microcosm test systems in the laboratory. The contaminant transport from sediment through the capping to water body was studied by sampling metals in the water phase above the cap over time, or PAH in a heptane layer over water, at regular time intervals.

Results

Consistently with the limited previous studies, reductions were observed (e.g., 60–65% for 15-PAH, 100% for chrysene) in sediment-to-water PAH fluxes upon biochar-based thin-layer capping. However, the most important novel finding revealed ambiguous effects of biochar capping on redox-sensitive elements, in particular As. Under the microcosm conditions of the experiment, where pH was affected by the capping material, biochar treatments favoured As mobility under oxic conditions, directly and/or via effects on Fe speciation. While capping limited the diffusion of As under dysoxic conditions, this also favoured greater As mobility under oxic water conditions compared to no capping.

Conclusion

Design and monitoring of capping of PAH contaminated sediments should account for potential negative effects on co-occurring contaminants.
Fast detection of bag-breakups in pulsating and steady airflow using video analysis and deep learning
Authors: Morita Daiki , Raytchev Bisser , Elhanashi Abdussalam , Kawaguchi Mikimasa , Ogata Yoichi , Higaki Toru , Kaneda Kazufumi , Nakashima Akira , Saponara Sergio
Published: October 2023

Object detection methods based on deep learning have made great progress in recent years and have been used successfully in many different applications. However, since they have been evaluated predominantly on datasets of natural images, it is still unclear how accurate and effective they can be if used in special domain applications, for example in scientific, industrial, etc. images, where the properties of the images are very different from those taken in natural scenes. In this study, we illustrate the challenges one needs to face in such a setting on a concrete practical application, involving the detection of a particular fluid phenomenon—bag-breakup—in images of droplet scattering, which differ significantly from natural images. Using two technologically mature and state-of-the-art object detection methods, RetinaNet and YOLOv7, we discuss what strategies need to be considered in this problem setting, and perform both quantitative and qualitative evaluations to study their effects. Additionally, we also propose a new method to further improve accuracy of detection by utilizing information from several consecutive frames. We hope that the practical insights gained in this study can be of use to other researchers and practitioners when targeting applications where the images differ greatly from natural images.
Phase Equilibrium and High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Nb–Si–X Ternary Alloys
Authors: Matsunaga Sae , Komamura Kiyoshi , Yamabe-Mitarai Yoko
Published: October 2023

Phase equilibrium of Nb–Si–X ternary alloys (X = Zr, Ta, Al) was predicted by thermodynamic calculations. Microstructure characterization and phase identification have been performed to investigate the phase equilibrium and validate the prediction. High-temperature compression tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties. All alloys exhibited ssNb, Nb5Si3, and Nb3Si phases. Zr addition increased strength at both room and elevated temperatures. The alloy with large primary silicide islands exhibited a higher 0.2 pct proof stress.
Elliptic problems with mixed nonlinearities and potentials singular at the origin and at the boundary of the domain
Authors: Bieganowski Bartosz , Konysz Adam
Published: October 2023

We are interested in the following Dirichlet problem: $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta u + \lambda u - \mu \frac{u}{|x|^2} - \nu \frac{u}{\textrm{dist}(x,\mathbb {R}^N \setminus \Omega )^2} = f(x,u) &{} \quad \text{ in } \Omega \\ u = 0 &{} \quad \text{ on } \partial \Omega , \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

-
Δ
u
+
λ
u
-
μ

u

|
x
|

2

-
ν

u

dist

(
x
,

R

N

\
Ω
)

2

=
f

(
x
,
u
)

in

Ω

u
=
0

on

∂
Ω
,

on a bounded domain $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N$$

Ω
⊂

R

N

with $$0 \in \Omega $$

0
∈
Ω

. We assume that the nonlinear part is superlinear on some closed subset $$K \subset \Omega $$

K
⊂
Ω

and asymptotically linear on $$\Omega \setminus K$$

Ω
\
K

. We find a solution with the energy bounded by a certain min–max level, and infinitely, many solutions provided that f is odd in u. Moreover, we study also the multiplicity of solutions to the associated normalized problem.
A patient with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy presenting with central precocious puberty: a case report
Authors: Zhu Ting Ting , Wu Jin , Sun Xiao Mei
Published: October 2023

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder caused by the variations in the ATP-binding cassette sub-family D member 1 (ABCD1) gene. This study is the first to report central precocious puberty (CPP) in individuals with X-ALD. A 6-year-old boy exhibited mucocutaneous pigmentation, increased plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, and elevated very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA). We identified a variant, c.1826A>G (p. Glu609Gly), in exon 8 of the ABCD1 gene in the proband. Additionally, he displayed rapid growth, testicular volume of 5–6 mL, the onset of pubic hair, and pubertal levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), all meeting the diagnostic criteria for CPP.
Indonesian marine and its medicinal contribution
Authors: Nugraha Ari Satia , Firli Lilla Nur , Rani Dinar Mutia , Hidayatiningsih Ayunda , Lestari Nadya Dini , Wongso Hendris , Tarman Kustiariyah , Rahaweman Ayu Christien , Manurung Jeprianto , Ariantari Ni Putu , Papu Adelfia , Putra Masteria Yunovilsa , Pratama Antonius Nugraha Widhi , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Keller Paul A.
Published: October 2023

The archipelagic country of Indonesia is populated by the densest marine biodiversity in the world which has created strong global interest and is valued by both Indigenous and European settlements for different purposes. Nearly 1000 chemicals have been extracted and identified. In this review, a systematic data curation was employed to collate bioprospecting related manuscripts providing a comprehensive directory based on publications from 1988 to 2022. Findings with significant pharmacological activities are further discussed through a scoping data collection. This review discusses macroorganisms (Sponges, Ascidian, Gorgonians, Algae, Mangrove) and microorganism (Bacteria and Fungi) and highlights significant discoveries, including a potent microtubule stabilizer laulimalide from Hyattella sp., a prospective doxorubicin complement papuamine alkaloid from Neopetrosia cf exigua, potent antiplasmodial manzamine A from Acanthostrongylophora ingens, the highly potent anti trypanosomal manadoperoxide B from Plakortis cfr. Simplex, mRNA translation disrupter hippuristanol from Briareum sp, and the anti-HIV-1 (+)-8-hydroxymanzamine A isolated from Acanthostrongylophora sp. Further, some potent antibacterial extracts were also found from a limited biomass of bacteria cultures. Although there are currently no examples of commercial drugs from the Indonesian marine environment, this review shows the molecular diversity present and with the known understudied biodiversity, reveals great promise for future studies and outcomes.

Graphical Abstract
Multiphysical contact of functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic material with imperfect bonding interface
Authors: Sui Yijin , Zhang Haibo , Zhao Jieliang , Wang Wenzhong
Published: October 2023

Three-dimensional (3D) frictional contact model of functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic (FGMEE) material with a conducting spherical punch under electromagnetic fields is presented. Two types of imperfect bonding interface of layers, dislocation-like interface and force-like interface, are considered. Frequency response functions (FRFs) for multilayered MEE material with imperfect interface subjected to unit mechanical, electric, and magnetic loads are derived. The FRFs are used with the semi-analytical method (SAM) to solve present multiphysical contact problem. The present model is verified by comparing with literatures and the finite element method (FEM) and used to study the contact problem of FGMEE film imperfectly bonded on homogenous MEE half-space under electromagnetic fields. Parametric studies are conducted to reveal the effects of imperfect interfaces and also film properties including gradient index and thickness.
Dignified Resources and Coping Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Qualitative Study of Racially and Economically Marginalized Communities
Authors: Guan Alice , Cruz Tessa , Sowell Jamaica , Mathias Brenda , Hassberg Analena Hope , Shariff-Marco Salma , Akom Antwi , DeRouen Mindy C.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Amid the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), racially and economically marginalized communities experienced a disproportionate burden of disease and social consequences (e.g., unemployment, increased exposure). This study seeks to understand strategies that these communities employed to cope with unequal burdens of the pandemic.

Methods

We utilized qualitative data collected between 2020 and 2021 from a mobile mapping platform designed to facilitate real-time, geocoded data collection on individual’s experiences and perceptions of their neighborhoods. Reports were iteratively coded by an academic researcher and community partner. We employed an inductive approach to analysis, which allowed findings to emerge organically without constraint of researcher hypotheses.

Results

A total of 19 respondents (14 under the age of 45, 16 non-White, 15 with less than half a year of emergency savings) provided 236 qualitative reports. Participants described innovative strategies for exchanging resources as a means of informally networking and building community, the importance of tailored programming (e.g., for specific racial/ethnic groups) in fostering belonging and comfort, and the importance of two specific dimensions of services—interactions with service providers and the quality of goods or services—in providing dignified care.

Discussion

Amidst exacerbated racial and economic disparities emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic, our study highlights the need for investment in mutual aid, the importance of tailored services and support, and promoting dignity in social services. As other macro-level social stressors become more prevalent as the pandemic continues, these findings can inform how we examine and address them.