bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facebook, trust and privacy in an election year: Balancing politics and advertising
Authors: Bright Laura F. , Sussman Kristen Leah , Wilcox Gary B.
Published: July 2024

Prior to the US 2020 presidential election, both Twitter and Google announced changes to their political advertising policies. This article explores trust and privacy issues relating to social media while evaluating current public opinion regarding political advertising on Facebook, which unlike Twitter and Google, has remained steadfast in its support for political advertising. The study uses a textual analysis of Twitter data collected from conversations in October 2019 to provide a snapshot of public rhetoric at this point in time. Results from the text analysis identify trends around the upcoming election, political advertising, Russia and Trump. Topics are further investigated using an online survey panel of 300 participants. ANOVA results indicate that privacy concerns are a key driver of desire to remove political advertising. The results suggest that user perception of Facebook advertising is decreasing as a result of privacy concerns related to trust in the platform. Political advertisers should therefore reevaluate their communication strategy with regard to Facebook advertising.
Community resilience: The future of business continuity
Authors: Collicutt John
Published: July 2024

Business continuity planners must now raise their horizons and engage in developing community resilience for businesses. Community resilience will help businesses to withstand the effects of a major regional or national emergency. Developing these preparations will improve communication between businesses and the authorities which are involved in directing the response and recovery to an emergency. It will lead to improved clarity of the situation and facilitate a better commitment of resources. Economic and business recovery can be a long-term process, meaning that a return to profitability may be slow. The involvement, by businesses, in community resilience will help to shorten that recovery time and will limit longer-term business disruption.
A review of RMB internationalisation, investment and financial products with assessment of past trends and discussion of likely future developments
Authors: Dirckx Philippe
Published: July 2024

Since 2002 and the start of the Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor
(QFII) programme, the Chinese renminbi (RMB) has come a long way. In just a
few years, the RMB has been accepted as a major international currency for
international trades and payments. It was the fifth most used currency for
payments in September 2015 and the second most used currency for trades,
being recently included in the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF’s) Special
Drawing Reserve (SDR) basket. Although market adoption is real, the RMB
remains not freely usable or convertible, which has been compensated by the
implementation of a variety of investment channels. Among these are the
quotas schemes, Stock Connect, mutual funds recognition between China and
Hong Kong as well as the issuance of bonds. On all these markets, convergence
can be expected. While much has been done by China already to
internationalise its currency and enable easier access to Chinese securities
for foreign investors, some additional structural adjustments could still be
required, especially providing greater capital account flexibility and
developing deeper offshore markets. China’s next challenge might very well be
to develop new products in a controlled economy.
Processing of settlement and corporate actions versus mobilising and optimising assets: Can securities operations be more than a cost centre?
Authors: Wille Guido
Published: July 2024

Securities services are in a unique situation defined by three interacting factors. First, after a decade of crisis and post-crisis changes, an unparalleled level of pressure has been placed on the financial sector profitability. As a result, the subsequent efforts by firms to reduce costs have left securities services with significantly reduced staff and resources. Secondly, the regulatory response to the crisis combined with other factors such as the implementation of Target 2 Securities (T2S) has added additional demands on securities services. Absorbing the additional work with reduced staff and budgets is a challenge and has led many firms to focus only on mandatory projects. Third, at the same time, the great amount of regulatory change and the introduction of T2S created a number of opportunities to strategically improve securities operations. Key opportunities are in reducing fragmentation and complexity in favour of more centralised models for both cash and securities. Such models reduce friction, risk and cost caused by the need to move inventory around. They also enable efficient use of triparty collateral management services. While some first movers are already implementing new strategies in 2018, the great challenge for other market participants is finding the time, resources and budget to define and implement such notable strategic change.
Dynamic board capabilities: Developing board practices that impact corporate renewal and performance
Authors: Engstam Liselotte , Forzelius Henrik , Magnusson Mats , Torre Fernanda , Heyden Ludo Van Der
Published: July 2024

A crucial requirement for firms to remain competitive is to consistently and simultaneously engage in exploratory and exploitative activities. The academic literature has broadly accepted that the development of dynamic capabilities (ie firms' abilities to create, reconfigure and improve resources and capabilities to fit their changing environments) are vital to meeting this competitive requirement. Research has predominately addressed these dynamic capabilities from a management perspective. Little attention has been paid to the influence of the board of directors on these firm capabilities even though boards hold the fiduciary responsibility for the corporation and its long-term viability. Even less has been written on how boards ought to organise themselves and develop their dynamic board capabilities to support and govern corporate renewal and performance effectively. This paper aims to start addressing this gap by using two related aims. First, a process framework for board behaviours is proposed that ensures, and supports, a systematic way of building and developing corporate-level dynamic capabilities. Then, evidence is presented and reviewed from a survey of two board member communities which supports the idea that board capabilities are essential for a firm's successful renewal and economic performance, and need to be improved in practice. This framework is closely aligned with well-established components identified by the management literature but differs in having the board as the unit of analysis. A crucial question and action agenda is proposed for boards eager to acquire and develop their dynamic capabilities.
Lincoln Financial Group's innovative inside-out brand campaign launch pays huge dividends
Authors: Buckingham Lisa , Depeau Jamie
Published: July 2024

In 2011, Lincoln Financial Group was preparing to launch a new brand campaign. Despite the ongoing level of distrust consumers had following the global financial crisis of 2008, Lincoln viewed the new campaign as an opportunity to build a brand that would not only increase awareness and engagement externally, but also connect and celebrate internally. Following an intensive research process, the You're in Charge® message and Chief Life Officer® campaign were born. With a long-term focus on delivering a differentiated brand experience in the marketplace, Lincoln broke from the traditional campaign launch mould by debuting the campaign first to employees — one week before its launch to consumers. Proprietary quantitative and qualitative research has showed that the inside-out approach worked. In fact, the You're In Charge® campaign continues to empower consumers and employees alike, creating greater engagement and closer connection to the company.
How the GDPR is influencing risk management
Authors: Negenman Ebbe
Published: July 2024

With the coming into effect of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), another important piece of regulation for the banking industry entered into force. As the GDPR effectuated from May 2018, the beneficial effects of the GDPR are not yet visible. So far, individuals have only been confronted with dozens of e-mails from data controllers, to whom they had once given their consent. On the positive side, the new data protection regulation resulted in an enormous awareness, both with the customers and the banks, on the importance of the safe processing of personal data. Even more importantly for the banks, it is argued, is the coming into effect of the GDPR will also influence the risk management function of the financial industry. This side effect potentially has far more impact than just creating awareness and the issue of compliance. This paper explains the vison that GDPR fits by itself in a remarkably consistent way with other banking regulations as, for example, the prudential requirements for credit institutions (CRR). This should not come as too big a surprise, since all these regulations stem from the same source, that is, the European Union (EU). But it is good to see that the EU is able to show a consistent view on risk management, which will result in increasing trust in the financial sector. Understanding this view is important for the sector as well, because once the patterns in EU regulation are seen and understood, it can create a clear answer on how to sustainably and efficiently comply with all the upcoming regulations.
From rags to pixels: Digitising Tennessee’s historical newspapers
Authors: Trott Louisa
Published: July 2024

The Tennessee Newspaper Digitization Project (TNDP) works with several partners to create content for the Library of Congress’s Chronicling America website. This paper describes the collaborative nature of the digitisation workflow, and outlines how TNDP works together with its project partners at each stage of the process — from microfilm production and data collation to the quality review process and delivery of the data.
Building a unified communications centre to improve the distribution of EMS patients to a large multi-hospital health system
Authors: Gray Joshua , Mueller Cassie , Hobbs Jessica
Published: July 2024

In 2023, hospital care-based models are faced with increasing patient volumes, limited physical space and limited resources. These constraints, felt in almost all acute-based care models, is leading to a crucial crossroads in acute care delivery. Balancing capacity and availability of hospital and system resources is almost impossible in this environment, as need greatly exceeds access to resources and patient care delivery can be significantly hindered. Historically, emergency medical services (EMS) brought patients to the nearest available emergency department (ED), and load balancing could only be accomplished after arrival in the ED. Intervening earlier in patient’s care by providing EMS with destination recommendations based on available resources optimises patient outcomes and decreases the burden on any individual hospital. This change can also greatly affect EMS processes to improve transport times and decrease wall time, the time that EMS crews spend at the hospital waiting to offload their patients into a hospital bed. Wall times can exceed several hours depending on location, time of day and patient resource needs. Reduction of this waiting time has the potential to profoundly improve throughput and patient-centred metrics like patient satisfaction, length of stay and admission rates, as well as reduce overall risk. This also allows health systems to maintain community resources by decreasing EMS crews’ idle time at the hospital. Through the creation of a unified communication centre (UCC), we sought to create a structure that appropriately stratified patients to the most appropriate system hospitals while still in the care of EMS. Our team’s goal was to optimise patient treatment, decrease wall time with EMS, and route patients to the most appropriate facility based on the patient’s medical complaints, hospital capacity and hospital capability in the community.
The State of Illinois E-Pay Program: How the program was developed and its operational requirements in practice
Authors: Budd Josh , Hughes Jami
Published: July 2024

During the mid to late 1990s and throughout the current decade, television, the internet and the way in which people communicate via the web or mobile devices changed dramatically. With this change, the form of payment method and acceptance evolved considerably. Understandably, this statement is nothing new to those whose duties revolve around treasury management or collection/remittance processing functions or for those who attend conferences and read journals. A conversation that is not often discussed, however, is payment acceptance from a holistic view within government, whether state or local. Traditional payment services in the government sector included writing a cheque at the point of sale or putting a remittance slip and a cheque or money order in the post, which was processed either within the agency department or in a lockbox facility. In the retail sector, old credit card imprinters were being pushed aside to make room for credit card terminals and printers. Initiatives in the retail business world allowed credit cards, cheques and cash all to be accepted, with a single solution to tie all of it together for ease of reconciling at the end of the day. Government simply needed to catch up. State and local government had their own set of complexities This paper investigates the procurement and establishment of a state-wide payments program, including processing fees and solutions via the point of sale, the internet, integrated voice response, electronic cheques and other automated clearing house transaction processing services. It also provides lessons learned and key takeaways about breaking traditional practices within government of accepting cash or cheques.
Leveraging SCOR to develop future ready supply chains : The digital revolution
Authors: Sherman Richard J.
Published: July 2024

The emerging and converging of digital technologies is disrupting the market landscape across industries. Business and commerce have been revolutionised with this new wave that connects markets, empowers consumers and incentivises innovation. Internet of Things (IoT) deployed devices now capture information in the fields, in the factory, at the distribution centres and on the transport vehicles and containers, at both the point of purchase and ‘point of demand’, while people are defining the criteria and searching products to make purchasing decisions. These technologies hold the promise and are helping companies across industries to discover key insights about the needs and choices of customers through their interactions in an increasingly omnichannel world. It is not just consumer goods that are being marketed and sold over the Internet. All things and services through distributors, or direct from the manufacturer are being marketed and sold leveraging the Internet. Armed with these insights, companies are able to re-imagine their supply chains and create connected digital supply networks that are smarter and better at responding to customer demands. This paper explores the modern and collaborative relationship companies now share with their customers. It then identifies the need and, leveraging the SCOR framework, the steps to building a demand-driven digital supply network that can sense and respond to real time demand signals, and the implications of such a network on the overall business model and the future of the business. It will also suggest an evolution to SCOR ‘enterprise’ that extends the current supply chain reference framework to include other enterprise processes to break down the constraints of silo management functions.
Hidden risks of disruptive change due to regulatory evolution or shifts in servicing conventions: The global custodian liability example
Authors: Stähli Urs
Published: July 2024

Global custodians perform three primary functions: they hold assets, they facilitate the settlement of transactions and they service client assets, eg by collecting income. A global custodian has a responsibility to perform its duties properly and typically bears liability for its own negligence. In addition, it must exercise due care in selecting and monitoring third-party agents. Forces have emerged to promote the introduction of strict global custodian liability — not necessarily based on fault or matters within the custodian’s control — coupled with the proposed imposition of responsibility for a wide variety of ‘losses’ of assets or value, and a remedial duty to replace ‘lost’ assets, regardless of the source or nature of the loss. This paper serves as a case study of the hidden risks of disruptive changes in the level or extent of liability a market participant is exposed to at any given link in the securities services chain. The case study in point here involves the implications and dynamics of changes in custodians’ standards of care and liability. Significantly, the implications of change and the array of risks associated with change can be hidden from traditional risk management models and paradigms. The current standard of care observed by global custodians and fund depositaries has evolved over a long period of time. Changing these standards to increase custodian liability significantly will inevitably produce unintended consequences, potentially leading to unpredictable, possibly dramatic, ripple effects.
Killing brands … softly
Authors: Schultz Don E. , Block Martin
Published: July 2024

Based on ten years of US consumer responses to a commercial online questionnaire (over 1 million individual responses), challenges are raised about how manufacturer product brands can be built and supported in an interactive marketplace. It was found that increases in consumer use of social media are strongly correlated with declines in consumer brand preference and the rise of a stated consumer choice of no brand preference over the period. Evidence of these findings is presented and recommendations are made for new forms of manufacturer product brand development and support. A brand research agenda for the interactive marketplace is also provided.
Eleven features of an excellent securities settlement system in an investment bank
Authors: Vasanth Sandilya B.
Published: July 2024

The settlement is a critical function in the trade lifecycle. With increased focus on reducing counterparty risk and ensuring trade fails are kept to the minimum, settlement systems have gained importance in the equities back office of investment banks. This in turn makes the choice of settlement system in securities operations very important. Awareness of best features will definitely help in making the right choice of settlement system while setting up operations. This paper looks at some of the key features of a securities settlement system.
Legal contract data: The new reference data challenge for financial firms
Authors: Datoo Akber
Published: July 2024

Financial firms are waking up to the importance of effectively managing legal contract data. Potential benefits of doing so are numerous: avoidance of regulatory sanctions and associated reputational damage; improved risk management and associated profit and loss (P&L) gains from the increased capture of embedded value; a holistic working culture where trading, risk, legal, IT and other departments are able to communicate in a more productive fashion than has often been the case historically. But there are numerous challenges to extracting legal contract data. This paper will look at some of these within the context of derivatives: legal architecture, complexity of drafting, speed of regulatory change and organisational inertia.
The challenges facing the architectural technologist profession
Authors: Caplehorn Peter L.
Published: July 2024

This paper is based on a seminar considering the key challenges facing the construction industry from a designer’s perspective. The chosen topics: BIM and health and safety – both significant and changing rapidly. BIM has been around in some form a long time. Getting industry to see the benefits and realise these has been the challenge. The construction industry is notoriously fragmented, argumentative and risk-borne. BIM brings the opportunity for that to be cast away in a move that both Eagan and Latham failed to do. The industry has in many areas taken up the challenge. Most importantly this is supported by government. This continues today and the push towards adoption by everyone in the industry at some level is still on. How this will change the role and influence of the designer is the key question. Equally we have come a long way in the industry’s approach to health and safety. While statistics show significant progress has been made, the situation is still far from perfect; widening the scope to look at health and constructions impact means there is still much to be accomplished. Designers have a significant role to play in briefing the client and guiding them through the project. There is no reason why the construction process should injure or harm anyone – that should be our goal. All designers have an ethical and professional duty to see that is the case.
Personal data protection in the credit-scoring industry of China
Authors: Zhang Arlene
Published: July 2024

China accounts for nearly half of the global digital payment market and three quarters of online lending transactions. With personal data as the new collateral, leaders now use alternative data (traceable personal information related to e-commerce sites, apps) to make decisions on investing and lending, instead of relying only on the traditional credit record. Credit-scoring service providers have also begun adopting alternative data for creditworthiness evaluation. While offering many benefits, the use of alternative data for financial decisions also raises significant data protection and privacy concerns, including meaningless consent, excessive collection of personal information, lack of transparency, loss of control by individuals, and manipulation of human behaviour. These issues are common around the world, but with different laws and regulations and social development background. This paper will examine China’s Big Data credit-scoring industry’s personal data-protection status, current legislative supervision and innovative technology, and their drawbacks. The paper concludes with a discussion of responses and suggestions for the field.
Revolution in data protection in Poland?
Authors: Bielak-Jomaa Edyta
Published: July 2024

The application of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will undoubtedly constitute a challenge not only for data controllers and processors, but also for supervisory authorities. The new approach to data protection, that is, the risk-based approach providing for the need to analyse the risk that data processing may cause to privacy of the data subjects, or the accountability principle, that is, a completely new principle in the data protection system introduced by the regulation, will require from the controllers special responsibility for all data processing operations and data security. The new tasks and mechanisms aimed at consistent and transparent application of the regulation in all EU member states provide for the supervisory authorities tools for increasing effectiveness of the personal data protection activities.
Security for adjoining owners under s.12(1) of the Party Wall etc Act: What is it really all about?
Authors: Lewis James
Published: July 2024

It is becoming increasingly more common for adjoining owners to require security in accordance with section 12(1) of the Party Wall etc. Act 1996, yet its application is often misunderstood. What should be a relatively straightforward process is frequently misused by owners and surveyors. This paper is intended to guide surveyors through the entire process, identifying what security is, when it should be required, how it should be administered, what it can include, the form it can take, how it should be released and illustrating the complexities often encountered.
Hurricane preparedness, response and recovery: Is everybody ready?
Authors: Hurley Anthony
Published: July 2024

Nothing strikes a heightened level of awareness among coastal and island communities, emergency managers and critical infrastructure owners like the start of another hurricane season. Even though the season starts at the same time every year — 15th May for the Eastern Pacific region, and 1st June for the Atlantic and Central Pacific regions — too many organisations, agencies and communities are ill-prepared for a hurricane to strike. For emergency management professionals and critical infrastructure owners, however, this is not an option: the communities served by these organisations are counting on them to be prepared. This paper provides a reminder that when it comes to getting ready, there is no time like the present.
Airport redevelopment in a threat-based environment
Authors: Burger Rainer
Published: July 2024

The redevelopment, design and construction of an airport terminal in today’s threat-based environment is a challenge. This paper will provide insight into the process that was implemented for the redevelopment of LaGuardia Airport in New York. This process ‘bakes in’ a multilayered security system to protect the travelling public and Port Authority assets while paying attention to the basic operational needs of the airport to include providing a high level of customer service. The paper provides an overview of the fundamental elements of security, to include design basis threat (DBT) and the protective design narrative process, and then correlates into the airport integrated security system pillars — Operational, Physical, and Technological Pillars. The paper also discusses the security procedures and technologies implemented during construction that maintained security at the airport at its highest level while maintaining airport operations. This level of security was recognised by the US Department of Homeland Security and awarded LGA, the Safety Act designation/protection. The reader will acquire a level of understanding on designing a new airport terminal with security in mind that mitigates today’s security threats. The reader will also get a level of understanding as to how to protect a construction site.
Assessing risks in international investments using hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets
Authors: Basar Ayfer
Published: July 2024

The world economy, global markets and competition for international investments have undergone great change in recent years. Changes in the economy of a society affect many countries as a result of international commerce and agreements with other countries. This has given rise to many risks that governments have to deal with; hence, the importance of risk management has increased for all countries, especially in the finance sector. Global economics means that financial institutions need to make decisions about investment in other countries (eg opening a new bank branch or a participation company), so they need to measure the financial risks of candidate countries in fuzzy conditions. This study presents a novel method to meet that need. First, the most common financial risks are determined by means of a literature survey and consulting expert opinion. Secondly, the relative weight of each main and sub-risk is determined by expert opinion and hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTS). These weights are used to measure the financial risks of 30 countries to select the best four and the results are approved by the experts. Finally, the proposed method is implemented to aid the investment decision of a large financial institution. This paper proposes a new method to assess financial risks in fuzzy conditions.
Cybersecurity skills of company directors — ASX 100
Authors: Phair Nigel , Alavizadeh Hooman
Published: July 2024

Cyberattacks on companies cause huge financial loss all over the world due to lack of cyber risk awareness of companies. Understanding cybersecurity risk is crucial for company directors. In this paper, we analyse the cybersecurity skills of the directors listed on the top 100 Australian Securities Exchange (ASX 100) ranked by market capitalisation. By analysing the background and skills set of the non-executive board members of ASX 100 companies, we were able to observe that only 1.8 per cent of non-executive directors have cybersecurity knowledge and background. Interestingly, a majority of directors (around 78 per cent) have knowledge in neither technology nor cybersecurity realms. Moreover, only 7 per cent of ASX 100 companies have at least one director with cyber and technology knowledge and background.
Lessons learned running AI-powered solutions in production
Authors: Hansen Kyle
Published: July 2024

This paper examines lessons learned from running artificial intelligence (AI)-powered solutions in production. It starts by describing the evolving approach the author’s company has developed to gathering training data, followed by its experiences running AI-powered solutions at scale, some particular tips around managing algorithmic complexity and, finally, lessons learned regarding testing and regression. The author also shares insights gained while performing proofs of concept (PoC) for clients. A common theme throughout the paper is the critical role of the subject-matter expert (SME) in automating complex business processes. The team’s SMEs may not even have detailed knowledge of the technology in play, but their expertise in the business domain is crucial to success in these endeavours.
How to create successful relationships between third-party senders and banks when developing an ACH strategy
Authors: Sellen Kerry , Belczyk Joseph
Published: July 2024

Third-party senders and financial institutions, when working together to develop a strong Automated Clearing House (ACH) payment strategy and processing profile built on a foundation of sound operating controls, provide the ACH network with high-quality transactions which deliver significant value to all participants. This paper explores the working interactions between third-party senders and financial institution, including an overview of strategic and tactical activities that are leveraged by both parties to manage ongoing ACH transaction quality and data integrity. The reader is introduced to the ACH third-party sender processing model and provided with insight into the deployment of various control points and quality assurance techniques. This paper also highlights key interactions between third-party senders and financial institutions for establishing and monitoring qualitative and quantitative controls, which are important for evaluating ongoing performance and adherence to service levels.
Corporate real estate portfolio management: A strategy- and sustainability-based approach for heterogeneous industrial portfolios
Authors: Glatte Thomas , Schneider Daniela
Published: July 2024

Corporate real estate management (CREM), much more than traditional real estate management, has to deal with very heterogeneous real estate portfolios. Administrative, research, production and logistics activities require various asset classes with a very different complexity showing different characteristics, conditions and levels of importance to the user, ie the core business. Even so, they often lie within the same CRE manager’s responsibility and also need to be treated with the same level of professionalism. As a result, the CRE manager is commonly confronted with an intransparent allocation of funds for building maintenance and upgrades and an ageing building portfolio. It is up to the professional CRE manager to establish transparency in his portfolio and incorporate schemes for the most reasonable allocation of the typically limited funds for building investments. Hence, it is the aim of this paper to introduce an approach for CRE portfolio management which combines both the business-driven strategies for building assets and a strong sustainability aspect in assessing the building portfolio from a real estate perspective. It builds on a preceding paper, published in Corporate Real Estate Journal, Volume 3, Number 1, pp. 10–23 (2013). Therein the overall concept of a sustainable CRE portfolio management is described, including selection of sustainability criteria and analysis of building conditions. This paper focuses on how to prioritise important and unimportant buildings and is supplemented by a case study.
Leading transformational culture change through conversations
Authors: Cantore Stefan P.
Published: July 2024

How can leaders use conversational approaches to shape organisational cultures is the question explored in this paper. Following a definition of key terms, a theoretical framework is offered using social constructionist ideas. Drawing upon theoretical literature, the paper argues that people's realities in organisations are largely shaped through their conversational interactions. Change in perceptions of performance and culture is therefore achieved as conversations and the broader organisational discourses shift. How this can be accomplished is outlined in detail using Appreciative Inquiry, World Café and Open Space as examples of effective change processes. Case study research is signposted highlighting the impact and challenges of working with conversation. The implications for change leaders and their development are considered given the role and power challenges they are likely to face when using conversation to enable culture change. In conclusion, practical guidance is offered about how to grow new mindsets and skill sets for individuals wanting to use these approaches.
Limiting the impact of aircraft turnaround inefficiencies on airport and network operations: The TITAN project
Authors: Katsaros Athanasios , Sáez Sánchez Ana C. , Zerkowitz Steve , Kerulo Balazs
Published: July 2024

Different airport performance review studies identify aircraft turnaround as the major driver of departure delays that affect efficient airport and air traffic management (ATM) network operation. To mitigate such inefficiencies, reliable information sharing between all involved stakeholders as well as between them and the network manager is necessary. Analysing in depth the current environment and building on the airport collaborative decision-making concept, the ‘Turnaround Integration in Trajectory and Network’ (TITAN) project proposes an advanced concept of operations to identify improvement opportunities in the information flows between the various stakeholders as well as the potential influence of external processes still to be considered and to integrate the aircraft turnaround process into the aircraft business trajectory and the ATM network. After its successful validation, the proposed concept was realised by developing a decision-support tool that was subject to a cost-benefit analysis. It defined a service-oriented architecture that enhances sharing of a more predictive common awareness of all relevant influences on aircraft turnaround as a means of facilitating more predictable and intelligent decision making to mitigate turnaround delays and ameliorate airport performance. Considerations about how to integrate the project output into the existing ATM system and manage the transition to a future TITAN environment were also made. The project output is summarised in this paper.
COVID-19 and the economic implications for office occupiers
Authors: Blake Neil
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a severe shock to the world economy and the renewed surges in late 2020 and early 2021 have been an unwelcome development. Nonetheless, the prospect of mass vaccination has opened up the possibility of a return to some kind of social and economic normality in the second half of the year. This paper focuses on economic prospects, both in the UK and elsewhere, and what it means for office occupiers. When the restrictions associated with the pandemic are eased and then eventually removed, there are several reasons to be optimistic about the prospects for economic recovery. Households have built up considerable savings over the last year as their incomes have been supported by governments and their spending plans have been thwarted. This is likely to lead to a rush in spending on travel and leisure services when the opportunity arises. Governments also appear committed to providing continued support for the economy for the time being. Both of these factors bode well for an economic recovery and a recovery in labour demand, including demand from office-based sectors. This is in stark contrast to the aftermath of the global financial crisis (GFC). It may turn out that the lasting impact of the crisis on real estate come not from any lingering effects on the economy but from some of the rather less expected consequences. Chief among these for office occupiers is the potential for a structural shift towards more working from home even when it is safe for employees to return to the office. Working from home versus working in the office is not a clear-cut decision and a hybrid model is likely to emerge that sees some but not all days spent working from home. There are also complications in realising the potential occupational cost savings from having more working from home. The overall result will be that a switch to more working from home will certainly have an impact, but it might not be the devastating impact on the office market that some expect. It will, nevertheless, be a topic of debate for many years to come.
Assessing the development of the European retail payments market from a historical perspective
Authors: Kemppainen Kari
Published: July 2024

Changing consumer expectations are shaping the retail payments market at the global level. Within the European Union, the renewed regulatory framework, the revised Payment Services Directive, gives a further boost by fostering innovation and competition in the European retail payments market. In this evolving payment landscape, assessing the current state and forecasting potential development paths may benefit from a look at the past. This paper reviews past developments, discusses potential regulatory implications, and outlines a vision of future developments in the European retail payments market. It concludes that an evolutionary path is more likely than a revolutionary one. Regarding the future regulatory framework for retail payments, it proposes that the movement from entity-based towards more activity-based regulation should be continued.
Iraq civil aviation and risk perception
Authors: Vaughan Matthew
Published: July 2024

Iraq is currently going through a period of mild stability and long-term strategic planning for its economic, social and cultural viability. Research into understanding risk perceptions of Iraq's civil aviation industry is concerned with making valued contributions to the redevelopment of Iraq's civil aviation industry. This paper aims to present an overview of a research programme centred on the perceived risk experiences of participants using modern-day Iraq as the back drop. Specifically, the paper identifies the perceived security risks for the civil aviation industry of Iraq and seeks to ascertain how, and in what way, identified risks are perceived by the participants. The research sample population consisted of a primary group located within the Middle East region and not specifically within Iraq. The research results suggest that risks include activities associated with organised crime and risks involving the reliability of security agencies in Iraq. Moreover, other identified risks are related to the capability of the security agencies to identify and recruit qualified and reliable staff. These risks as well as others are perceived to be linked to larger-scale risks throughout the country, primarily perceived in terms of terrorism and organised crime resulting from political and social instability. Risks are generally perceived from a combination of personal life experiences and experiences of risk events, social and cultural factors, and gathering of information from both open source media and personal networks of peers, colleagues, friends and family.
Tackling cybercrime and ransomware head-on: Disrupting criminal networks and protecting organisations
Authors: Laitinen Marja , Armstrong-Smith Sarah
Published: July 2024

This paper provides a look into the current cybercrime trends, fuelled by the ongoing digital transformation and global pandemic, proliferating across organisations of all sizes and posing high socio-economic risk to critical infrastructure and supply chains. Attackers are capitalising on the technological advances, cloud adoption and hybrid working environments through launching targeted and persistent, human-operated ransomware campaigns. A coordinated and sustained effort is required between governments and the private sector to disrupt criminal infrastructures and global networks that cybercriminals rely on to launch and profit from their attacks. Collaboration and partnerships are also required to support organisations with building necessary cybersecurity capability to prevent, detect and respond to ransomware threats, through adopting zero trust principles and architectures by design and default.
For the people: How a novel approach to brand management fuelled adoption
Authors: Martel David W. , Keese Carol P.
Published: July 2024

This paper provides an overview of a brand adoption initiative at a major public university. In higher education, where decentralised environments are the norm, top-down brand management can face resistance. This paper offers a perspective on how an open-access philosophy — and online toolkit — can facilitate the rapid adoption of brand identity and effectively establish an active and engaged brand community.
Augmented and virtual realities for distance teaching and learning
Authors: Stephens Wendy
Published: July 2024

Augmented and virtual realities offer affordances not previously available to learners that, with the appropriate hardware, software and scaffolding, can lead to immersive and rewarding educational experiences for learners of all levels and content areas. For distance students, the shift to alternate realities offers a particularly ripe area for shifting the educational workspace to mobile accessible, kinaesthetically resonant encounters with spaces and objects. This discussion of the evolution of visual representations of digital objects and places will highlight some of the areas of interest for those considering mixed realities, how hardware and computing power can vary by approach, and how these technologies can help students better understand the emerging virtual world.
Shrinking the world: Digitising the ‘world’s most experienced airline’ and creating an aviation portal for the Digital Public Library of America
Authors: Williams Gabriella , Wachholz Jacqueline Reid , Tams Leah , Williams Scott , Millares Adriana J.
Published: July 2024

In 2018, three peer institutions came together to digitise their respective collections related to Pan American World Airways, Inc., the self-proclaimed ‘world’s most experienced airline’. The institutions partnered with the Digital Public Library of America to engineer an innovative, subject-based portal related to commercial aviation, including a digital exhibit and primary source set. This paper discusses the challenges of creating such an innovative research tool, the lessons learned, and the overall sustainability of the project.
Offshore wind: A new industry in the UK, market pressures, and how Siemens Real Estate, the Siemens CRE team, has worked to develop a collaborative relationship with suppliers and government during the development of a unique asset in Hull, UK
Authors: Cray Shaun
Published: July 2024

This paper concerns the UK’s first combined offshore wind turbine blade factory and pre-assembly harbour. Building an enduring relationship with Government and stakeholders was essential to the success of this project. The author describes the site selection, transaction and planning approval process, and gives lessons for CRE functions involved in complex industrial projects.
It’s not all black and white: A text analysis of racially diverse versus legacy superheroes in Marvel and DC Comics
Authors: Granitz Neil , Chen Steven
Published: July 2024

Comic-book publishers have responded to growing racial diversity by strategically creating multicultural superheroes to diversify their publishing lines. While extant research has examined representation and broader-level themes surrounding diverse heroes, limited research has focused on the story text in diverse titles. This is the first study to explore and analyse the story text to uncover themes in diverse versus legacy superhero comics. Through a Leximancer text analysis of superhero comic books from Marvel and DC Comics, this study (1) identifies the prominent themes exuded in legacy titles versus diversity titles, (2) examines the cultural authenticity of the themes, and (3) compares the themes with those in past research. Identifying the different themes and their authenticity is critical for creators and marketers appealing to diverse segments, who now represent 19 per cent of consumer spending in the USA. Findings indicate varying themes across diverse and legacy superhero comics. Diverse comics focus on time struggles between superhero-ing and school, family and home. Legacy comics evoke themes of mastering time and space and then returning home. In contrasting Marvel and DC diverse superhero comics, Marvel themes focus more on the personal journey of the hero from doubt to confidence, while DC themes focus on the resilience of the heroes in their downtrodden neighbourhoods. In comparing these themes with themes identified in past content analyses, there is similarity and authenticity. The paper concludes with strategic implications pertinent to cultural marketing and media representation and inclusion. Marketers trying to reach diverse segments must continue to present diverse youth with authentic stories developed by credible creators. They may also move beyond common themes to those embodying greater empowerment.
Validating media quality in a largescale outsourced media migration project: The second layer
Authors: Bauer Christoph , Houpert Jörg
Published: July 2024

This paper describes the quality control (QC) processes for a large-scale digital migration project conducted by österreichischer Rundfunk, the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation. It provides an overview of the initial requirements and the motivation for introducing an additional, independent QC layer, and describes the implementation process as well as the actual service itself. It draws on first-hand experience to provide a detailed introduction to the technology used for the task. The examples presented and the conclusions drawn provide the reader with the information they need for their own preservation and migration projects.
Using data to build always-on valuable experience throughout the consumer journey
Authors: Li Yi
Published: July 2024

This paper will discuss how data can used to enhance brand experience in the digital age. It describes the essentials of customer engagement and the importance of addressing three key questions about customer ambition. The paper describes the types of data used for creating personas through various lenses, mapping out the consumer purchase journey and identifying moments of truth — specific insights that are critical along the journey and provide an opportunity for brands to engage with the consumer. The examples provided in this paper show how brands in China are experimenting with a wide spectrum of data to understand consumers and in turn craft better engagement.