bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motivation of the enterprise in risks management of transport behavior of passengers in megapolises
Authors: Petrovska S. I , Shvets L. V , Haidai H. H , Levchuk N. M
Published: September 2023

Methods. The theoretical basis of the research is the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, where, along with general scientific methods, those determined by the specifics of the transport service. The basis of the study is the management concept as the art of changing people's transport behavior, which allows to avoid significant costs of the development of the transport system, transport risks and the negative impact of the increase in the number of private cars on the functioning of the metropolis as a place for a comfortable and safe human life. Analysis and synthesis were applied to identify the motives of transport behavior of residents of the metropolis; methods of grouping and classifications were used to identify behavioral intentions regarding the choice of the type of travel in the city; comparison – when identifying the factors affecting the choice of a vehicle according to the concept of Transportation Demand Management (TDM). Results. It has been shown that TDM campaigns often have low performance, which leads to the search for conditions and factors under which they can get the expected results. Motives for changing transport behavior are singled out, among which a separate group is formed by hidden motives. It was found that behavioral intentions regarding the type of city trip are dependent on satisfaction with previous trips, their consumer value and its predictors - sacrifices and benefits of the service. The main factor in the advantages of the transport service in the city is its quality. Novelty. It has been proven that the potential of TDM facilities in the cities of Ukraine is greater than in developed countries. The uniqueness of the state of urban transport development in Ukraine lies in the fact that the rapid improvement of its quality together with the introduction of transport demand management campaigns can create a strong influence on private car drivers and change their transport behavior. Practical value. Sustainable development of cities in ecological, economic and social dimensions in conditions of mass motorization of the population is possible only with the predominant use of public transport. The transition to the use of public transport or an increase in the frequency of its use is possible only if its quality is improved compared to the use of private cars. This requires the revision of all approaches to the evaluation of the quality of trips in the city by public transport, and therefore the results of the study can be useful for practice.
Assessing the level of development of corporate culture of an industrial enterprise in the context of innovative development
Authors: Smesova V. L , Kovtun N. V
Published: September 2023

Methods. The methodology of the study is based on such general scientific and specific methods as analysis and synthesis – in determining the type and comparing the characteristics of corporate culture; graphical analysis – in building a profile of corporate culture of an industrial enterprise; statistical methods – in assessing and calculating the corporate culture rating; expert evaluation – in assessing the level of development of corporate culture of an enterprise. Results. On the basis of the Cameron and Quinn methodology, the level of development of corporate culture is assessed and the type of culture of the industrial enterprise «GRAND» is determined. The most significant characteristics of the enterprise, specifics of the style of leaders-managers and personnel management, elements of connectivity, strategic goals and directions of activity, as well as indicators of its success are evaluated. A typological analysis is carried out and a profile of corporate culture is built, which reflects its current state and its state in the future. Attention is focused on measures to improve the corporate culture of the enterprise in the future, aimed at achieving longterm economic results and innovative development of the enterprise. Novelty. The main stages and tools for quantitative assessment of the corporate structure of enterprise on the basis of the Cameron and Quinn methodology has been substantiated. An assessment of the level of development of corporate culture has been carried out on the example of a specific industrial enterprise. Measures aimed at improving the corporate culture of the enterprise under consideration in the context of ensuring more efficient management and innovative development in the future are proposed. Practical value. The results of the study are of an applied nature, since understanding the algorithm and procedure for applying the methodology for assessing corporate culture on the example of a particular industrial enterprise allows choosing the most accurate tools for its monitoring in the real economic environment.
Plastic and Health Issues in Bangladesh: Current Scenario
Authors: Saha Goutam
Published: September 2023

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34: 255-256
Serum adiponectin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Jahan Iffat Ara , Morshed Md Shahed , Banu Hurjahan , Chowdhury Emran Ur Rashid , Hasanat Muhammad Abul
Published: September 2023

Background: An imbalance of different adipocytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. This study aimed to observe the association and diagnostic utility of adiponectinin PCOS and its manifestations.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 40 newly diagnosed females of reproductive age (18-40 years) with PCOS on the basis of international evidence-based guidelines and an equal number of matched healthy control. Along with clinical information, blood was drawn for biochemical and hormonal analysis. Glucose was measured by glucose oxidase, lipid by glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase peroxidase, all hormones by CMIA, and adiponectin by ELISA method. Insulin resistance was measured by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and defined with a cut-off of 2.6.
Results:Patients with PCOS had lower serum adiponectin than controls without significant differences even irrespective of body mass index status(ns for all). Adiponectin levels had no significant associations or correlations with any manifestations among patients with PCOS (ns for all). ROC curve analysis showed that serum adiponectin could not be used as a marker of PCOS. It was a poor marker of both metabolic syndrome [AUC (95% CI): 0.64 (0.46-0.81] and insulin resistance [AUC (95% CI): 0.61 (0.44-0.79)] in patients with PCOS.
Conclusion: Our study failed to find any significant association between adiponectin and PCOS and its characteristics. Serum adiponectin could not be used as a marker of PCOS. It was a poor marker of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome among patients with PCOS.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 206-213
Effectiveness of Tizanidine and intensive rehabilitation in Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Amin Md Ruhul , Banik Amitav , Rahman Anisur , Rashid Harun or
Published: September 2023

Background: The treatment of cerebral palsy is multifactorial. The aim of the study is to find out the efficacy of tizanidine and intensive rehabilitation in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy.
Methods: This observational study was conducted over 35 patients in Sir Salimullah Medical Mitford Hospital from January 2022 to December 2022.The patients satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled: total 35 patients received tizanidine (2mg) orally at a dose of 1 mg given at bed time under 10 years and 2 mg given at bed time more than 10 years of age, then after 1 week maintenance dose was given at 0.3 mg/kg/day, three times daily in combination with intensive rehabilitation 1 hour daily five times a week. Total 24 weeks of intensive rehabilitation was given. All patients were followed up at 4 weeks interval and were evaluated for a total of 24 weeks.
Results: The study shows high efficacy in reducing tone in spastic cerebral palsy measured by using Modified Ashworth scale (p<0.001).Also there is improvement in physician rating scale crouch (p<0.0001) and foot contact, (p<0.0001) and also improvement in gross motor function (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Combination of tizanidine and intensive rehabilitation is effective for reduction of generalized spasticity regarding muscle tone, range of motion of the joint and improvement of gait in cerebral palsy patients.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 223-228
The assessment of post-covid-19 Manifestations in recovered patients and The factors associated with high symptom burden
Authors: Begum Khadija , Imam Suman A H M Khairul , Rahman Kaniz , Solaiman Mahjabeen Aftab , Khan Saiful Bahar , Johora Fatema Tuj , Alam Morshad
Published: September 2023

Background: Persistent COVID-19 symptoms and post-COVID chronic diseases have received more attention rather than the infection itself. This study’s goal was to evaluate the health status of recovered COVID-19 patients and analyze the factors associated with a high burden of symptoms.
Methods: This was acohort study among hospital-released and recovered COVID-19 patients after three to six months of infection. Data was collected through a structured interview and analyzed by IBM SPSS (version25).
Results: Fatigue (74.2%) followed by anxiety (38.9%) and joints paint (34.7%) were the most common symptoms of post-COVID period. Among participants, 21.34% had low dietary adherence and 17.2% had high adherence. A statistically significant correlation of high symptoms burden with dietary adherence and age was observed. People with low dietary adherence are at risk of high symptom burden and chronic diseases (AOR: 3.56, 95%CI:1.46-8.69). Habit of smoking, Asthma, Hypothyroidism, Ischemic heart disease are significant predictor (P<0.05). Patients those did not required ICU also had a lower risk of burden.
Conclusion: Effective control of post- COVID symptoms is important to confirm a healthy life. Therefore, it is important to maintain good dietary practice, avoid bad habits and control of chronic diseases for a good quality of life.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 214-222
Measuring and Comparing Cortical Surface Area of Paracentral Lobule in a Tertiary care Hospital, Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Mahfuza , Khatun Monira , Rahman Aminur , Kawsar Tunajjina , Naznin Rezowana , Rab Ferdausi
Published: September 2023

Background: The paracentral lobule is the area on medial surface of the cerebral cortex which extends from precentral sulcus to postcentral sulcus. Any trauma, tumor, or cerebral ischemia cause lesions of motor and sensory cortex of paracentral lobule. The result of this study is very important to the radiologists and neurosurgeons for diagnosis of above mentioned diseases and the practice of safe neurosurgery. This study was carried out to observe the cortical surface area of paracentral lobule in adult male and female Bangladeshi population,may help for future research.
Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, during the period of January 2017 to December 2017. Total 70 adult Bangladeshi male &female people were selected, among them 35 male and 35 female, age ranging from 20-65 years. CT scan image of brain in mid sagittal view was used for this study. Data were analyzed by Unpaired Student’s ‘t’ tests.
Results: The surface area of motor cortex of right and left paracentral lobule was significantly higher (p<0.01) in male.Surface area of sensory cortex of both paracentral lobule was significantly higher (p<0.05) in male than female.
Conclusion: The present study reveals significant difference in morphological measurements of right and left paracentral lobule between male and female of adult Bangladeshi population.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 235-238
Sepsis, an Unusual Presentation of Typhoid Fever - A Case Report
Authors: Reza Ishrat Binte , Zahiruddin MA , Ahasan Hamn , Islam Quazi Tarikul
Published: September 2023

Typhoid fever is an infection caused by Salmonella typhi. The common complications are intestinal perforation and typhoid encephalopathy. Cases of typhoid fever with sepsis and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) are rarely reported. A 20 yr old male presented with grade fever, vomiting, diarrhoea.His Dengue NS1 was negative, procalcitonin was high,coagulation profile was altered and developed subclinical DIC along with septicemia within a short period of time which is very rare. Sepsis and DIC are rare complications of typhoid fever. Typhoid fever can be presented with profound bleeding manifestation other than gastrointestinal bleeding, since it is a common symptom of typhoid fever. Further research should be conducted to postulate association between typhoid fever and DIC. Here we reported an unusual case of sepsis which a caused by case of typhoid fever.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 252-254
Scars of Experience: Unleashing Hope
Authors: Ahsan Chowdhury H
Published: September 2023

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 257-259
Medical Quiz-1 Vol. 34(3) 2023
Authors: Rahman Aminur
Published: September 2023

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 260
Detection of KatG Mutation in MDR Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates by PCR-RFLP and DNA Sequencing
Authors: Ilyas Muhammad , Niaz Falak , Ishaq Rafaqat , Rafiullah  , Khanum Azra
Published: September 2023

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is among the widespread and rapidly growing infections in the world. Furthermore, TB is one of the major public health problems in Pakistan as every year 48,000 Pakistani dies due to this infection. Pakistan ranks fifth among high burden countries worldwide. As the TB has become most threatening because of the epidemics of human immune deficiency virus (HIV), Covid-19 and the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). This study was aimed to understand the genetic mechanism of drug resistance in local TB isolates.
Methodology: For the genetic studies of INH resistance, KatG (encoding catalase peroxidase) hotspot region was amplified through PCR followed by RFLP and sequencing.
Results: The study of PCR-RFLP showed that forty-five out eighty INH resistant M. tb strains had mutations in KatG (codon 315) which is 56.2% of all cases. Sequencing results revealed that this is substitution mutation; AGC to ACC (Ser315Thr).
Conclusion: It may be concluded that majority of INH resistance is due to the mutation in the codon 315 of KatG in local isolates. Furthermore, PCR-RFLP technique could be considered as a reliable method for the early detection of KatG mutations in MDR-TB.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page : 804-808
Legal Responses to Violence against Medicare Service Persons and Institutions during COVID- 19 Pandemic in India
Authors: Nomani MZM , Mulki Hekmatullah , Niazy Merwais , Nusrati Nasir Ahmad , Wani Mohd Yasin , Samdani Abdullah
Published: September 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and virility of the violence against medical personnel have been parallel phenomena in Indian public health administration. The safety and security medical and paramedical have been attracting attention for quite a long time. Still, no central legislation has piloted to enhance their therapeutic and surgical acumen in epidemics and pandemics. The health care of the patients and the covenant of Medicare service persons and institutions doctors missed in the myopic perception of the health administration’s tilt towards the criminal administration of justice.
Method: The clasping of 125 years of age epidemic control law and 162 years of age criminal statute stinks the Indian feel in the present context.
Result: The significant outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic is showcased in the Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020, ensuring harassment-free workplaces for the medical fraternity. The criminal sanction afforded by the 23 state enactments on the protection of medical care personnel and institutions in states in India, but there is no central legislation. Despite the Indian Medical Association’s recommendation for the Protection of Medical Service Persons and Medical Service Institutions (Prevention of Violence and Damage or Loss of Property) Act, 2017, we witnessed Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020 in enhancing the robust workplace for the doctors during the pandemic. The legal strategy camouflaging ‘disaster’ under Section 2 (d) of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 in pandemic and lockdown is sobering but astonishing.
Conclusion: The paper locates the legal response to violence against the doctors in the sociology of medicine and medical professions as professional socialization and social system during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page : 734-742
Apple and Pear Juices as Memory Boosters: Phytochemicals Analysis and Comparative Study between Natural Fruit Juices and Memantine
Authors: Gul Somia , Badar Rabia , Leghari Qurratul ain , Akhtar Faiza , Iqbal Urooba , Zamir Tahreem , Batool Bisma
Published: September 2023

Background: Our memory is a treasure, a recollection of various events from our entire life. But a number of factors like aging, stress, anxiety, depression, injury, certain disorders or use of some medications may decrease the efficacy of our brain thereby affecting our memory.
Objectives: The intend of our study was to evaluate the effect of a well renowned memory enhancing drug memantine on memory with fruits like apple (Malusdomestica) which is speculated to be good for memory.
Methods: This study also aimed to put forward the positive effects of pear (Pyruscommunis L.) juice on memory. While 2nd part of study included qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screenings of apple and pear with peels and without peels. For first part of study, in vivo testing has been done onto 4 groups, i.e. control group, reference group, test group A &test group B. Mice’s behavior was evaluated using two apparatus i.e. Elevated Plus Maze for 3 days & Novel Object Recognition Chamber for 2 days. While phytochemical analysis has been performed on the pericarp and mesocarp region of fresh fruits which were isolated, shade dried, blended and finely powdered.
Result: Results prove that pear juice does impart positive effects on memory and can prove to be an alternative in the prevention of memory loss. Both tested fruits (apple& pear in juice/ liquid form), do pose remarkably positive effects on brain’s activity. Apple juice has shown more memory enhancing effects and was closer to that of our standard drug i.e. memantine. It can be concluded that apple and pear both contain flavonoids like quercetin and epicatechin, having antioxidant properties, which can help reverting or preventing the age-related oxidative degeneration of neurons.
Conclusion: Although the memory enhancing effects of reference standard i.e. memantine is high as compare to our tested fruit juices but still it gives hope and evidenced that apple and pear juices can serve as memory enhancers to save our memory from deteriorating and active constituents from apples and pears could consider as excellent source for drug development and future pharmacological studies.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page : 842-849
Comparing and predicting the outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction performed within one year and one year after injury
Authors: Al Salahuddin , Shihabudin Muzaffar T , Yong PS Au , Ali Azril Syazwan Mohd
Published: September 2023

Background: The anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) should not be delay too long to get a good outcome but how long delay could be considered acceptable is not known. The objective of this study was to assess the outcome of surgery performed within and after a year of injury. We also predicted the operative outcome if the surgery is further delayed and several associated factors were also evaluated if they could influence the outcome.
Methodology: Thirty-six patients were recruited in the early group where surgery is performed within a year of injury and thirty were in the delayed group where surgery was after a year of injury. Age, sex, body mass index, Tegner activity level and duration from the time of injury to surgery were evaluated. Surgical outcomes were measured at one year follow up after surgery were Lysholm score and limb symmetry index (LSI).
Results: Mean time from injury to surgery for early and delayed groups were eight months and 18 months. Timing from injury to surgery affects the outcome parameters. Both groups showed good outcomes but the early group showed better LSI and Lysholm scores (p<0.5). LSI was better in predicting the outcome of surgery compared to Lysholm score (67% vs 43%).
Conclusions: Early ACLR showed better outcome but the late ACLR still demonstrate acceptable result in the absent of high grade cartilage lesion. LSI is better at predicting the outcome of surgery.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page : 876-881
Comparison of Pulse Rate and Blood Pressure between Obese and Non-Obese Young Adults
Authors: Islam Arfa , Basak Shishir Kumar , Islam Mobassarul , Jerin Ismoth Ara , Dey Suborna , Ovi Rifath Nawrin , Ahmed Syed Nadim , Newaz Abdullah Al Shah
Published: September 2023

Obesity has been reported to be associated with a number of cardiovascular diseases. Some researchers forecast that obesity may contribute to increase prevalence of high blood pressure in young adults. To compare pulse rate and blood pressure between young obese and non-obese subjects, this cross-sectional analytical study was done in the Department of Physiology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College from January to December 2017. Fifty obese (BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2) and age-sex matched non-obese (BMI 18.5-22.9 kg/m2) young adult were selected. The age (35.56 ± 3.02 years versus 32.40 ± 4.20 years; p=0.116) and sex 26 (52.0%) male versus 31 (62.0%) male; p=0.313) were not differ between obese and non-obese subjects. The mean resting pulse rate (82.98 ± 3.50 beats /minute versus 72.64 ± 3.58 beats/minute; p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (130.20 ± 10.00 mm Hg versus 107.30 ± 10.60 mm Hg; p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (80.90 ± 7.19 mm Hg versus 67.90 ± 7.22 mm Hg; p<0.001) were higher in obese compared to non-obese participants. Obesity increases pulse rate and blood pressure in young adults.
Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 51(1): 47-51
Comparison of Early Outcome of Off-pump and Conventional Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Patients with Left Main Coronary Artery Disease with Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Raha Sanjay Kumar , Hossain Sorower , Biswas Smriti Kana , Rahman Salauddin , Hasan Md Kamrul
Published: September 2023

Left Main (LM) coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction both are important predictors of in-hospital mortality. To avoid the harmful effects of cardio pulmonary bypass (CPB), many cardiac surgeons are using Offpump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB) as an effective alternative to conventional CABG (CCAB) even in these sub-groups of patients. This study performed in the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) evaluated the early outcomes of OPCAB in terms of mortality and major post-operative morbidities and compared them with that of CCAB in patients with left main coronary artery diseases with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Total 120 patients with left main coronary artery disease with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<_40%) were allocated into two groups: a) 60 patients who underwent OPCAB and b) another 60 patients who underwent conventional CABG between January 2012 and December 2017. All risk factors and co-morbidities were homogenously distributed between the two groups. Majority of the patients had triple vessel disease. Nearly three-quarters (73.3%) of patients in OPCAB group and 80% in CCAB group received 3 grafts (p=0.470). The mean total operative time (p< 0.001), intubation times (p<0.001), blood losses (p < 0.001); requirements for blood and blood products (p < 0.0010), intensive care unit stays (p<0.001) and hospital stays (p< 0.001) were all significantly lower in the OPCAB group. OPCAB is a safe and effective operative revascularization procedure for patients with left main coronary artery disease with left ventricular dysfunction and is associated with reduced morbidity.

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):04-08
MIPO Technicque for Management of Distal Tibia Fractures Using LCPPrecontoured (3.5mm & 4.5mm) - A study Done in 250 Bedded General Hospital, Tangail
Authors: Karmakar Narayan Chandra , Uddin Md Maiyeen , Mondal Anadi Ranjan , Rahman Md Mizanur , Miah Mohammad Salim , Alam Syed Asif Ul , Rahman Md Masudur
Published: September 2023

Fractures of the distal tibia are unique in that the bone is subcutaneous with poor muscular coverage. Theconsequence of its decreased vascularity leads to complications like delayed bone union, wound complications suchas dehiscence and infection. These fractures can be managed with various techniques. Open reduction and internalfixation by plating, have been used with varying results. In current orthopedic practice, minimally invasivepercutaneous plating osteosynthesis (MIPO) and interlocking nailing are the preferred techniques for fractures of thedistal third tibia. In our study, twenty adult patients with closed fractures of distal tibia were treated with LCP usingMIPO technique & were followed for a period of one year (January 2014 to December 2014). Average age of patientsstudied was 40.5 years (18-55) with majority being high energy trauma (65% vs. 35%). Mean duration for surgeryfrom day of identification to go for surgery was 4-7 days. Results were evaluated clinically and radiologically. In 18cases (90%) fractures united & 2 cases (10%) had delayed union. All fractures were united by 20 weeks. Superficialskin infection was found in 2 cases, Valgus mal-alignment in 2 cases &1 case had ankle stiffness. Finally resultsshowed:10 cases (50%) had excellent outcome, 4 cases (20%) had good outcome, 4 cases (20%) had fair outcome,and 2 cases (10%) had poor outcome.

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):09-13
Association between Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria and Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Authors: Akter Shireen , Sikder Md Akram Ullah , Chowdhury M Abu Hena , Adhikary Sahadev Kumar , Banik Ratan Lal Dutta , Aziz Masood Mohammad Abdul
Published: September 2023

Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is a recalcitrant skin disease characterized by pruritic wheals lasting more than six weeks in the absence of a physical cause. A case-control type of analytical study was conducted from January 2012 to August 2012 on patients of chronic idiopathic urticaria attending the outpatient department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. The objective of the study was to see the association between chronic idiopathic urticaria and Helicobacter pylori infection. In serum, IgG positive individuals, female covers about two-thirds (14 respondents with 73.3%) than male counterparts (5 respondents with 26.3%). Among the IgG negative individuals, females were again more in percentage (63.6%) and males were 36.4%. Serum IgG for H. Pylori positive respondents were highest among the students (42.1%) followed by housewives (31.6%) and in IgG negative individuals, the same trend exists. When we considered education level for IgG positivity, it was found that graduate and above educated respondents showed higher results (42.1%) and SSC level showed next incidences (26.3%). In IgG negative group, the same trend exists. We found the same positivity for IgG of H. pylori among the different food intake, heat, and sunlight exposed history respectively whereas food intake history covers more in IgG negative individuals. Most of the IgG positive respondents were ill-looking (94.7%), though IgG negative individuals were also ill-looking. Chronic idiopathic urticaria is a disorder that often baffles dermatologists and allergists alike. Without a known cause, it is nearly impossible to prescribe an effective treatment.

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):20-23
List of Contents of January 2022
Authors: Chief Editor in
Published: September 2023

Abstract not available
Evaluation of Hepatic Cystic Lesion in Children
Authors: Benzamin Md , Hassan Md Nazmul , Rukunuzzaman Md , Islam Rafiqul , Mobasher Khondaker , Roy Urmy , Siddiqua Ayesha , Nahid Khan Lamia
Published: September 2023

Hepatic cysts are very rare in children and most of them are simple and solitary, asymptomatic, benign, and do notrequire intervention. It is usually found as a mere coincidence on abdominal imaging techniques, such asultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The incidentaldiagnosis of cystic lesions of the liver increased day by day due to increased use and sensitivity of abdominalimaging. Predominantly simple cysts are most common and diagnosed by characteristic Ultrasonogram findings.Serodiagnostic tests and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) are useful when USG, CT, and MRI show ambiguousfindings in differentiating other cystic lesions (complicated cysts, echinococcosis, and cyst adenoma/cystadenocarcinoma) and reduce the need for invasive procedures. Although most cysts are benign, some are malignant orpremalignant, so early detection of cystic lesions is important to manage them properly. Treatment is needed insymptomatic or complex cysts or those having malignant or premalignant features. This article outlines the majortypes of hepatic cysts, highlights clinical features that may aid in their appropriate diagnosis, and discussestherapeutic options.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):37-45
Postpartum Mood Disorders: Sometimes More than "Baby Blues."
Authors: Zeba Dilruba , Tanjim Taukir , Biswas Rajib
Published: September 2023

Postpartum mood disorders are a significant clinical and public health concern. While pregnancy is an immensesource of happiness and pleasure for a woman, it is also a stressful time. During pregnancy, there is a significantincrease in the level of steroidal hormones. Women become vulnerable to numerous mood disorders when thesechildbirth hormones are suddenly withdrawn. These mood disorders range in severity from mild postpartum blues tomore serious mood disorders such as postpartum depression and psychosis. Approximately 50% to 80% of newmothers experience postpartum blues within the first few days of their child's birth.Postpartum depression, while less prevalent (occurring in 10-15% of deliveries), has a profound impact on the healthof both the mother and the baby. Unfortunately, these forms of mental illnesses in women are usually undiagnosed,untreated, and underestimated. Postpartum psychosis is exceedingly rare, involving about 1-2 mothers out of every1000 live births, but it is a true psychiatric emergency. This article reviews postpartum mood disorders, their riskfactors, signs and symptoms, complications, screening, treatment, and nursing care for these mothers.

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022; 1(1):46-48
Simultaneous Occurrence of Herpes Zoster and Chickenpox in a Patient - A Case Report
Authors: Saha Suranjit Kumar , Islam M M Shahin Ul , Yousuf Zaki Md Hasnat , Uddin Md Nizam , Saha Prativa
Published: September 2023

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection primarily causes varicella or chickenpox. Herpes zoster (HZ) or shingles is themanifestation due to reactivation of same virus. Simultaneous occurrence of HZ and Chickenpox in a patient is anuncommon event. A 14 years old apparently healthy girl came to the medicine outpatient department of PirojpurDistrict Hospital with the complaints of burning pain in the right side of forehead followed by maculopapular rashand blister lesion with painful right red eye. The lesions were anatomically distributed along the dermatome of rightsided ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve. Simultaneously she developed some small vesicular lesion in hertrunk. At that time she had fever, bodyache and malaise. The entire lesion was healed with crusting within seven toten days. She had no significant past history. With a course of antiviral and symptomatic treatment, she recoveredwithout any complication.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):03-07
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Calcium Hydroxide as A Root Canal Sealer Constituent
Authors: Anar Farzana , Rashid Md Harun Ar , Islam Khaled Mohammad , Rahman Rashedur , Rahman Md Mukhlachur , Khanam Sultana Razia , Rahman Md Masuqur
Published: September 2023

A descriptive, comparative study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dhaka Dental College Hospital, Bangladesh, from December 2014 to November 2015, to evaluate the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide as a root canal sealer constituent. A total of 60 patients were selected by purposive sampling technique. Patients were divided into two equal groups of 30: group-I had zinc-oxide eugenol [ZOE] cement as a root canal sealer, while group-II had calcium hydroxideor sealapex [Ca(OH)2] cement as a root canal sealer. Total number of teeth treated by single-visit root canal therapy. Out of 60 patients, 37(61.7%) patients were male. In ZOE group, the highest incidence was in age group 21-30 years, where as in Ca(OH)2 group, it was in 11-20 years. The mean age of the patients was 27.62±6.20 years in ZOE group and 25.0±6.14 years in Ca(OH)2 group. 21(70.0%) mentioned trauma as an etiological factor followed by caries 4(13.33%) in ZOE group, while 18(60.0%) patients mentioned trauma followed by caries 6(20.0%) in Ca(OH)2 group. In ZOE group, the incidence of pain was 23(76.67%), and in Ca(OH)2 group, 22(73.33%) reported pain. Periapical radiolucency follow-up findings were significantly better at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups in the Ca(OH)2 group. The difference inthe final outcome of effectiveness in both ZOE and Ca(OH)2 group in the management of periradicular pathosis was statistically not significant (P>0.05). The present study findings revealed that single-visit root canal therapy was equally effective in the management of endodontically involved teeth with periradicular pathosis. After 12 months, in follow-up with post-operative clinical and radiological evaluations, Ca(OH)2 sealer group showed better results than ZOE sealer group. However, in shorter follow-ups, Ca(OH)2 sealer group showed significantly better findings as compared to ZOE sealer groups.  

CBMJ 2023 July: vol. 12 no. 02 P: 141-149
Comparison of Respiratory Symptoms among Under Five Children Living in Households Using Biomass Fuel and Fossil Fuel in An Urban Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Nusrat , Shahrin Tunazzina , Oishee Irtifa Aziz , Tamal Syed Shafiq , Khalequzzaman Md
Published: September 2023

A cross-sectional study was conducted at Uttarkhan Thana under Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh, between January and December of 2018, to compare respiratory symptoms in under five children living in households using biomass fuels and fossil fuels. The study community comprised of three areas named Vatulia, Munda and Pulartek of Ward No. 4 of Uttarkhan Thana. Total number of households were 1329. Population size in total was 5114, where 2548 were male and 2566 were female. Among them 200 households were chosen by simple random sampling technique – selected households had under five children and met the inclusion criteria (i.e., mother or caregiver of children under five years of age wanted to participate voluntarily. However, we excluded children having congenital anomalies and households using electricity for cooking purpose. A semi-structured questionnaire was used as data collection instrument. Questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics such as age, sex, educational status, marital status, occupation, number of family members. Cooking related information, e.g., frequency of cooking, duration of cooking, type of fuel used, presence of children during cooking, sleeping in the kitchen and respiratory symptoms in children, e.g., nasal discharge, cough, breathing problems, chest tightness, wheezing, and sore throat were included in the data sheet. Besides, it contained information regarding location of the kitchen, area of the kitchen and presence of any ventilation facility and chimney. Nasal discharge (79.7% vs. 71.6%), cough (69.9% vs. 64.2%), and sore throat (9% vs. 6%) were more common in biomass fuel users’ children. In contrast, shortness of breath (22.4% vs. 18.8%) and wheezing (31.3% vs. 24.1%) were more common among fossil fuel users’ children. However, none of those differences were statistically significant (P>0.05).
CBMJ 2023 July: vol. 12 no. 02 P: 164-170
Hypotensive Anaesthesia during Spine Surgery – A Comparison between Dexmedetomidine and Magnesium Sulphate
Authors: Kabir Ahsanul , Azad Abul Kalam , Rustom A T M A , Akter Suraya , Mahmood Md Hasan , Ashraf Rashed , Shah Muinul Islam , Islam Md Mujahidul , Jahan Aziza
Published: September 2023

A good visualization of the surgical field can be achieved by controlled hypotension with various hypotensive agents. Both dexmedetomidine and Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) has powerful analgesic effect and can induce hypotension during surgery. This study is aimed to compare the efficacy of Dexmedetomidine with Magnesium Sulphate in controlled hypotension during spine surgery. This randomized, prospective study was carried out in anesthesiology department of Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka for six-months of period following ethical approval. Total 60 patients, scheduled for spine surgery under GA were included in this study and randomly divided into Group D (Dexmedetomidine, n=30) and Group M (Magnesium sulfate, n=30). Informed written consent was taken from each subject. In every 15 mins, heart rate, systolic & diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP) are assessed and the surgical field was assessed by the Boezaart surgical field bleeding score. Data were collected in separated case-record form and analyzed by the SPSS 24. Demographic characteristics were similar across the two groups in terms of age, sex, BMI, ASA grading, pre-operative systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p>0.05). Group D had higher mean duration of controlled hypotension (102.50±33.44 vs 85.33±20.25 minutes, p=0.02) and lower mean time to achieve target MAP (34.50±22.68 vs 46.00±10.37 minutes, p=0.016) than Group M. MAP was significantly lower for Group D patients than the Group M patients with time (p<0.05). Boezaart surgical field bleeding score was also significantly lower in Group D compared to Group M (p<0.05). In this study Dexmedetomidine is found more effective than Magnesium Sulphate in achieving controlled hypotension during spine surgery. Better haemodynamic stability is also found in Group D in comparison to Group M.
CBMJ 2023 July: vol. 12 no. 02 P: 171-182
Islamic Perception of Religious Freedom: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Elius Mohammad
Published: September 2023

Religious freedom is considered a fundamental human right and the cornerstone of human dignity. Islam, being a universal religion, protects the rights of every individual, and thus, preserves and upholds the dignity of human persons irrespective of their religious convictions. This study aims to understand Islamic perception of religious freedom from a historical point of view. It is based on textual analysis and historical interpretation of the Qur’an and Sunnah. It also supports its case by analysing some Muslim ruler’s treatment of other religions. The study shows that Islam provides complete freedom to every individual so long as it does not violate or interfere the right of others, and explicitly prohibits all kinds of intervention in matters of religious beliefs and practices. Though the Prophetic tradition “whoever changes his religion, kill him” seems contradictory to freedom of religion, this has been contextualised in particular situation by contemporary Islamic scholars. The study concludes that the Qur’anic teachings, the Prophetic practices and Muslim rulers’ treatment of other religions affirm that Islam provides equal opportunities to all regardless of their attachments to any religion or ideology, and Muslims can neither force any body to accept Islam nor impose anything against his/her will.
Philosophy and Progress, Vol#71-72; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2022 P 1-27
Problems in the Motivational Basis of Rawls’ Principles of Justice
Authors: Nurul Huda Kazi ASM
Published: September 2023

The paper explores the logical structure of Rawlsian justice principles in order to see whether their justificatory or explanatory conditions are unproblematic. To facilitate this purpose, drawing on readers of Rawls, the author shows that the Aristotelian principle is used to explain the principles of rational choice, particularly the principle of inclusiveness. Then, on the basis of the Aristotelian principle, Rawls justifies his conclusion, via the principles of rational choice and the theory of primary goods. After figuring out the logical structure of justice as fairness, the author deals with the central objective of the paper, where he exposes some problems suffered by the motivational basis of the principles of justice. The foundation on which Rawls grounds his principles of justice is problematic, and consequently, they remain as matters of contention as of today.
Philosophy and Progress, Vol#71-72; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2022 P 45-60
Some Important Topics of Maktubat-i-Sadi and Their Philosophico-Spiritual Significance
Authors: Kabir SM Humayun
Published: September 2023

Hazrat Sharafuddin bin Yahyah Maneri was a scholar and Sufi of the thirteenth-fourteenth centuries. He was a prolific writer. One of his important books is a collection of letters titled Maktubat-i-Sadi. The article focuses to bring out the main themes of the book and identified ten topics to discussed. They are: 1. Concept and love of God; 2. Deceiving nature of the world; 3. Sin and repentance; 4. Necessity of a qualified spiritual guide and obedience to his guidance; 5. Origin and need of Sufism; 6. Poverty and its role in the purification of evil soul; 7. Rendering selfless service to others; 8. Fate and predestination; 9. Observance of the Shariah; and 10. Acquisition of good qualities and shunning of the evil ones. The philosophical and spiritual significance of these teachings have been pointed out in this article.
Philosophy and Progress, Vol#71-72; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2022 P 79-96
A Philosophical Search for Happiness: An Enigma or Reality?
Authors: Alam Muhammad Wahidul
Published: September 2023

In philosophy happiness occupies a dominant position. From the beginning of philosophy, we find the scholarly engagement of philosophers in search of happiness for human being. It is actually a perennial search of mankind throughout history. My attempt in this paper is to become a part of that august journey. I will try to focus some points in my paper. At first, I will try to give an analytic presentation about the nature of happiness with references to different philosophers and philosophical schools. In this part I will attempt to find out the root causes of the changing patterns of happiness by maintaining a chronological order. In the next part I will try to depict some significant debates regarding the pursuit of happiness. The question of enigma and reality will be dealt here in a comparative fashion. And finally, I will try to give some recommendations and suggestions for a happy life.As this is a qualitative work, here I confine myself within some relevant textbooks of philosophy and recent research articles on the pursuit of happiness. Content analysis, comparative discussion with a critical outlook and philosophical speculation will be within the research methodology of the paper.
Philosophy and Progress, Vol#71-72; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2022 P 129-151
Can War in Ukraine Be A Step Back on Climate Change Fight?
Authors: Shahiqi Din
Published: September 2023

Background: The war in Ukraine, the major event of recent years in relation to public international law, is being challenged by the actions of the Russian side by interfering in the territory of a sovereign state with the intention to annex specific parts of the state of Ukraine. The special importance of this war is the international community’s involvement, striving to uphold principles of international justice, preventing these situations from happening in Europe. Beyond the tragic loss of people's lives, a critical point is the degradation of the environment in these areas along with the possibility of destroying the states’ efforts to fight climate change. This war has far-reaching consequences beyond the battlefield. It impacts numerous social aspects and has a direct impact on the social well-being of society. Besides this, the increase of inflation rates globally, an energy crisis, disruptions within the transport market of goods and services, as well as other interconnected aspects of social life in general, are being directly impacted.
This research encompasses an analysis across different categories, starting with GHG emissions, the effects of bombing campaigns in the vicinity of nuclear reactors, and assessing the potential risks of meltdowns and their subsequent repercussions.
We have also analysed the socio-economic aspect, global market movement, energy crisis, and inflation. A critical discussion revolves around shifting the focus from fighting climate change towards addressing the current situation created by the war in Ukraine. Moreover, part of the research encompasses gauging public sentiment on specific questions and comparing the results from two different groups to discern potential divergencies in viewpoints.
Methods: Methodology used: collection of materials from books, articles, official data, and other scientific reports; analysing and structuring the collected material; surveys.
Results and Conclusions: Based on the research and analysis made throughout the study, we concluded that the war in Ukraine has been a step back in the fight against climate change.
Human Trafficking: Problems of Counteraction in Kazakhstan
Authors: Buribayev Yermek
Published: September 2023

Background: This paper assesses the current circumstances regarding the protection and rights of victims of human trafficking in Kazakhstan. The study aims to evaluate Kazakhstan’s main national instruments and laws adopted to combat human trafficking.
Methods: The study employed several key methodological approaches, including a systematic approach, which involves the study of combating human trafficking in conjunction with the provision of guarantees of human rights; an integrated approach that consists of the study of objective and subjective factors, as well as an analysis of internal and external (socio-economic, demographic, geopolitical, etc.) factors that are the causes of illegal migration and human traf- ficking; an empirical approach involving research, taking into account the application of relevant experience available in Kazakhstan and abroad; a formal-legal approach to analyse the existing regulatory framework for combating human trafficking and ways to improve it.
Results and Conclusions: Based on the study’s results, several practical proposals are put for- ward to eliminate the identified shortcomings and gaps in the legal framework of Kazakhstan and law enforcement practice. This paper concludes that Kazakhstan’s response to its interna- tional obligations to prevent human trafficking has some shortcomings. However, we conclude that significant improvements are possible through the adoption of a special law, as well as in cases of implementation of special organisational measures, strengthening legal responsibility.