bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure 5 from Multicellular complex tumor spheroid response to DNA repair inhibitors in combination with DNA-damaging drugs
Authors: Dexheimer Thomas S , Coussens Nathan P , Silvers Thomas , Wright John , Morris Joel , Doroshow James H. , Teicher Beverly A.
Published: July 2023

Figure S5. Heat maps of Bliss synergy scores across the combination dose-response matrices for all twenty-six cell lines grown as multicellular complex spheroids exposed to each DNA damaging agent (A, TMZ; B, topotecan; C, trabectedin) in combination with DNA-PK inhibitors, nedisertib or VX-984.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Multicellular complex tumor spheroid response to DNA repair inhibitors in combination with DNA-damaging drugs
Authors: Dexheimer Thomas S , Coussens Nathan P , Silvers Thomas , Wright John , Morris Joel , Doroshow James H. , Teicher Beverly A.
Published: July 2023

Figure S3. Heat maps of Bliss synergy scores across the combination dose-response matrices for all twenty-six cell lines grown as multicellular complex spheroids exposed to each DNA damaging agent (A, TMZ; B, topotecan; C, trabectedin) in combination with the ATM inhibitor, AZD1390.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Multicellular complex tumor spheroid response to DNA repair inhibitors in combination with DNA-damaging drugs
Authors: Dexheimer Thomas S , Coussens Nathan P , Silvers Thomas , Wright John , Morris Joel , Doroshow James H. , Teicher Beverly A.
Published: July 2023

Figure S2. Heat maps of Bliss synergy scores across the combination dose-response matrices for all twenty-six cell lines grown as multicellular
complex spheroids exposed to each DNA damaging agent (A, TMZ; B, topotecan; C, trabectedin) in combination with PARP inhibitors, olaparib or talazoparib.
Table S9 from Characterizing the Immune Microenvironment and Neoantigen Landscape of Hürthle Cell Carcinoma to Identify Potential Immunologic Vulnerabilities
Authors: Ganly Ian , Kuo Fengshen , Makarov Vladimir , Dong Yiyu , Ghossein Ronald , Xu Bin , Morris Luc G.T. , Chan Timothy A.
Published: July 2023

Neopeptides (10mer) associated with INDELS in HCC
Table S6 from Characterizing the Immune Microenvironment and Neoantigen Landscape of Hürthle Cell Carcinoma to Identify Potential Immunologic Vulnerabilities
Authors: Ganly Ian , Kuo Fengshen , Makarov Vladimir , Dong Yiyu , Ghossein Ronald , Xu Bin , Morris Luc G.T. , Chan Timothy A.
Published: July 2023

Neopeptides (11mer) associated with SNV alterations in HCC
FIGURE 6 from Inhibition of Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase Reduces Collagen Deposition in Melanoma Tumors and May Improve Immunotherapy Efficacy by Reducing T-cell Exhaustion
Authors: Fukuda Yasunari , Kim Sun-Hee , Bustos Matias A. , Cho Sung-Nam , Roszik Jason , Burks Jared K. , Kim Hong , Hoon Dave S.B. , Grimm Elizabeth A. , Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
Published: July 2023

Collagen deposition and distribution of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in tumors treated with celecoxib or CAY10678 as monotherapy or combined with and PD-1 blockade. A, Left, Representative images of Masson's trichrome staining of tumors treated with IgG, αPD-1, celecoxib+IgG, CAY10678+IgG, celecoxib+αPD-1, and CAY10678+αPD-1. Scale bar = 100 μm. A, Right, Collagen positivity (%) was automatically calculated using Visiopharm software. B–G, Distribution of tumor-infiltrating immune cells was compared between tumors treated with IgG, αPD-1, celecoxib+IgG, CAY10678+IgG, celecoxib+αPD-1, and CAY10678+αPD-1. The number of tumor-infiltrating immune cells was automatically calculated using Visiopharm software. Shown are the numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8a+ cytotoxic T cells (B), tumor-infiltrating GrB+ effector CD8a+ T cells (C), tumor-infiltrating Tim3+ exhausted CD8a+ T cells (D), tumor-infiltrating classic CD8a+ DCs (E), tumor-infiltrating NK1.1+ NK cells (F), and tumor-infiltrating CD19+ B cells (G). H, Number of cleaved caspase-3 (CC3)+ cells in gp100+ tumor cells. Two to five ROIs, depending on tumor size, were randomly selected from each tumor and used for further analyses. Graph values represent mean ± SD. Significance in difference between two groups was determined by Student t test. **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05.
FIGURE 5 from Inhibition of Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase Reduces Collagen Deposition in Melanoma Tumors and May Improve Immunotherapy Efficacy by Reducing T-cell Exhaustion
Authors: Fukuda Yasunari , Kim Sun-Hee , Bustos Matias A. , Cho Sung-Nam , Roszik Jason , Burks Jared K. , Kim Hong , Hoon Dave S.B. , Grimm Elizabeth A. , Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
Published: July 2023

Celecoxib or CAY10678 as monotherapy and combined with PD-1 blockade. A, Experimental schema illustrating the six different treatment groups. A total of 1 × 106 murine BrafV600E melanoma cells per mouse were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of C57BL/6J mice. On day 8, tumor-bearing mice were randomly assigned into six groups; IgG (n = 11), αPD-1 (n = 12), celecoxib+IgG (n = 11), CAY10678+IgG (n = 11), celecoxib+αPD-1 (n = 12), and CAY10678+αPD-1 (n = 12). IgG or αPD-1 (200 μg per mouse) was intraperitoneally administered every 3 days, and 50 mg/kg celecoxib or 100 mg/kg CAY10678 was intraperitoneally administered daily. B, Left, Tumor volume at indicated timepoints for murine BrafV600E melanoma cells treated with IgG, αPD-1, celecoxib+IgG, CAY10678+IgG, celecoxib+αPD-1, and CAY10678+αPD-1. B, Right, Tumor volume for individual mice in each treatment group. C, Mice were euthanized on day 20, and tumor weight was measured. D, Tumor-free survival (tumor volume < 500 mm3) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. E, Chronologic changes in body weight in the six groups. Graph values represent mean ± SD. Differences in tumor volume and body weight were analyzed by repeated measures one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. Significance in difference between two groups was determined by Student t test **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05.
Figure S1 from Characterizing the Immune Microenvironment and Neoantigen Landscape of Hürthle Cell Carcinoma to Identify Potential Immunologic Vulnerabilities
Authors: Ganly Ian , Kuo Fengshen , Makarov Vladimir , Dong Yiyu , Ghossein Ronald , Xu Bin , Morris Luc G.T. , Chan Timothy A.
Published: July 2023

Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics are shown in A. Kaplan–Meier plots of locoregional and distant recurrence-free survival are shown in B and C, respectively.
FIGURE 1 from Inhibition of Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase Reduces Collagen Deposition in Melanoma Tumors and May Improve Immunotherapy Efficacy by Reducing T-cell Exhaustion
Authors: Fukuda Yasunari , Kim Sun-Hee , Bustos Matias A. , Cho Sung-Nam , Roszik Jason , Burks Jared K. , Kim Hong , Hoon Dave S.B. , Grimm Elizabeth A. , Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
Published: July 2023

The influence of ptgs1, ptgs2, and ptges KO on the production of arachidonic acid metabolites from murine BrafV600E melanoma cells. A, Schematic diagram of the arachidonic acid metabolic cascade. PGG2, prostaglandin G2; PGH2, prostaglandin H2; TxAS, thromboxane-A synthase; TxA2, thromboxane A2; PGDS, prostaglandin D synthase; cPGES, cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase; PGFS, prostaglandin F synthase; PGIS, prostaglandin I synthase. B and C,ptgs1, ptgs2, and ptges genes in murine BrafV600E melanoma cells were knocked out via CRISPR/CAS9. The mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR (B) and Western blotting (C). Bar graphs show the fold change relative to mRNA levels of scramble control for each gene (B, n = 4). GAPDH was used as a loading control (C). D–H, Bar plot showing the concentrations of arachidonic acid metabolites released in supernatants obtained from scramble control, ptgs1-KO, ptgs2-KO, and ptges-KO cells. All prostanoids were measured by ELISA (n = 4): PGE2 (D), TxB2 (E), PGD2 (F), PGF2α (G), and 6-keto PGF1α (H). Graph values represent mean ± SD. Significance in difference between two groups was determined by Student t test. **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05.
FIGURE 6 from Characterizing the Immune Microenvironment and Neoantigen Landscape of Hürthle Cell Carcinoma to Identify Potential Immunologic Vulnerabilities
Authors: Ganly Ian , Kuo Fengshen , Makarov Vladimir , Dong Yiyu , Ghossein Ronald , Xu Bin , Morris Luc G.T. , Chan Timothy A.
Published: July 2023

Pathways dysregulated by immune landscape genes in recurrent HCC. Pathways significantly enriched in patients with recurrence included epithelial–mesenchymal transition, glycolysis, angiogenesis, hypoxia, mTOR signaling, MYC signaling (A). When we compare the mRNA expression of genes involved in glycolysis (B and C), tumors that recur have significant overexpression of these genes. Spearman correlation matrix plot (D) showing positive correlation between glycolysis signatures (Glycolysis/fermentation, Hallmark Glycolysis, KEGG glycolysis-gluconeogenesis) and immune suppression signatures (Immune Checkpoint, immunosuppression, PD-1, CTLA-4) with “X” indicating nonsignificant correlation. Scatter plot of glycolysis versus immunosuppression (E) with density and loess regression (Spearman correlation 0.39, P = 0.006). A summary of the alterations that impact immune response correlated to HCC phenotype is shown in F.
FIGURE 5 from Characterizing the Immune Microenvironment and Neoantigen Landscape of Hürthle Cell Carcinoma to Identify Potential Immunologic Vulnerabilities
Authors: Ganly Ian , Kuo Fengshen , Makarov Vladimir , Dong Yiyu , Ghossein Ronald , Xu Bin , Morris Luc G.T. , Chan Timothy A.
Published: July 2023

The immune landscape of HCC using ssGSEA stratified by recurrence is shown in A. Corresponding box plots are shown in B. Unsupervised clustering of the immune gene expression profiles of these cell differences showed two cohorts of tumors, group A and B, with group A being enriched with the tumors that recurred (C).
FIGURE 2 from Characterizing the Immune Microenvironment and Neoantigen Landscape of Hürthle Cell Carcinoma to Identify Potential Immunologic Vulnerabilities
Authors: Ganly Ian , Kuo Fengshen , Makarov Vladimir , Dong Yiyu , Ghossein Ronald , Xu Bin , Morris Luc G.T. , Chan Timothy A.
Published: July 2023

The TMB for HCC was compared with other tumors in TCGA (A). The association between TMB and immune infiltration is shown in B. Correlation of the number of neoantigens generated by SNVs (SNV-NeoAg) with the number of SNVs in the tumor is shown in C. Correlation of the number of neoantigens generated by INDELS with the number of SNVs in the tumor is shown in D. Correlation of tumor mutation load, neoantigen load, and tumor infiltration score is shown in Supplementary Fig. S3.
FIGURE 1 from Characterizing the Immune Microenvironment and Neoantigen Landscape of Hürthle Cell Carcinoma to Identify Potential Immunologic Vulnerabilities
Authors: Ganly Ian , Kuo Fengshen , Makarov Vladimir , Dong Yiyu , Ghossein Ronald , Xu Bin , Morris Luc G.T. , Chan Timothy A.
Published: July 2023

The immune landscape of HCC compared with TCGA tumors is shown in A. Immune infiltration differences between HWIDE tumors with HMIN tumors are shown in B using RNA-seq data and in C using IHC.
Data from Multicellular Complex Tumor Spheroid Response to DNA Repair Inhibitors in Combination with DNA-damaging Drugs
Authors: Dexheimer Thomas S. , Coussens Nathan P. , Silvers Thomas , Wright John , Morris Joel , Doroshow James H. , Teicher Beverly A.
Published: July 2023

Multicellular spheroids comprised of malignant cells, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells served as an in vitro model of human solid tumors to investigate the potentiation of DNA-damaging drugs by pharmacologic modulation of DNA repair pathways. The DNA-damaging drugs, topotecan, trabectedin, and temozolomide were combined with varied inhibitors of DNA damage response enzymes including PARP (olaparib or talazoparib), ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated; AZD-1390), ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein; berzosertib or elimusertib), and DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase; nedisertib or VX-984). A range of clinically achievable concentrations were tested up to the clinical Cmax, if known. Mechanistically, the types of DNA damage induced by temozolomide, topotecan, and trabectedin are distinct, which was apparent from the response of spheroids to combinations with various DNA repair inhibitors. Although most combinations resulted in additive cytotoxicity, synergistic activity was observed for temozolomide combined with PARP inhibitors as well as combinations of the ATM inhibitor AZD-1390 with either topotecan or trabectedin. These findings might provide guidance for the selection of anticancer agent combinations worthy of further investigation.
Significance:
Clinical efficacy of DNA-damaging anticancer drugs can be influenced by the DNA damage response in tumor cells. The potentiation of DNA-damaging drugs by pharmacologic modulation of DNA repair pathways was assessed in multicellular tumor spheroids. Although most combinations demonstrated additive cytotoxicity, synergistic cytotoxicity was observed for several drug combinations.
Data from Multicellular complex tumor spheroid response to DNA repair inhibitors in combination with DNA-damaging drugs
Authors: Dexheimer Thomas S , Coussens Nathan P , Silvers Thomas , Wright John , Morris Joel , Doroshow James H. , Teicher Beverly A.
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Multicellular spheroids comprised of malignant cells, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells served as an in vitro model of human solid tumors to investigate the potentiation of DNA-damaging drugs by pharmacological modulation of DNA repair pathways. The DNA-damaging drugs, topotecan, trabectedin, and temozolomide were combined with varied inhibitors of DNA damage response enzymes including PARP (olaparib or talazoparib), ATM (AZD-1390), ATR (berzosertib or elimusertib), and DNA-PK (nedisertib or VX-984). A range of clinically achievable concentrations were tested up to the clinical Cmax, if known. Mechanistically, the types of DNA damage induced by temozolomide, topotecan, and trabectedin are distinct, which was apparent from the response of spheroids to combinations with various DNA repair inhibitors. Although most combinations resulted in additive cytotoxicity, synergistic activity was observed for temozolomide combined with PARP inhibitors as well as combinations of the ATM inhibitor AZD-1390 with either topotecan or trabectedin. These findings might provide guidance for the selection of anticancer agent combinations worthy of further investigation.
A First-in-human, Dose-escalation Study of the Methionine Aminopeptidase 2 Inhibitor M8891 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Carducci Michael A. , Wang Ding , Habermehl Christina , Bödding Matthias , Rohdich Felix , Lignet Floriane , Duecker Klaus , Karpenko Oleksandr , Pudelko Linda , Gimmi Claude , LoRusso Patricia
Published: July 2023

Methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) is essential to endothelial cell growth and proliferation during tumor angiogenesis. M8891 is a novel orally bioavailable, potent, selective, reversible MetAP2 inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antitumor activity in preclinical studies. The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of M8891 monotherapy were assessed in a phase I, first-in-human, multicenter, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation study (NCT03138538). Patients with advanced solid tumors received 7–80 mg M8891 once daily in 21-day cycles. The primary endpoint was dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) during cycle 1, with the aim to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Twenty-seven patients were enrolled across six dose levels. Two DLTs (platelet count decrease) were reported, one each at 60 and 80 mg/once daily M8891, resolving after treatment discontinuation. MTD was not determined. The most common treatment-emergent adverse event was platelet count decrease. M8891 plasma concentration showed dose-linear increase up to 35 mg and low-to-moderate variability; dose-dependent tumor accumulation of methionylated elongation factor 1α, a MetAP2 substrate, was observed, demonstrating MetAP2 inhibition. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic response data showed that preclinically defined target levels required for in vivo efficacy were achieved at safe, tolerated doses. Seven patients (25.9%) had stable disease for 42–123 days. We conclude that M8891 demonstrates a manageable safety profile, with dose-proportional exposure and low-to-moderate interpatient variability at target pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic levels at ≤35 mg M8891 once daily. On the basis of the data, 35 mg M8891 once daily is the recommended phase II dose for M8891 monotherapy. This study forms the basis for future development of M8891 in monotherapy and combination studies.

Significance:

M8891 represents a novel class of reversible MetAP2 inhibitors and has demonstrated preclinical antitumor activity. This dose-escalation study assessed M8891 treatment for patients with advanced solid tumors. M8891 demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetics, tumoral target engagement, and a manageable safety profile, and thus represents a novel antitumor strategy warranting further clinical studies.
The challenges, supports, and strategies of self-directed learning among college students
Authors: Murniati Cecilia Titiek , Hartono Heny , Cahyo Nugroho Agus
Published: July 2023

In addition to be proficient at their core subjects, college students need to master the 21st-century skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, information literacy, and many other skills. Studies on self-directed learning (SDL) have indicated that SDL is a strong predictor for 21st-century skill mastery. This study aimed at exploring the challenges, supports, and strategies of SDL among college students. This qualitative study used interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) to obtain data on SDL. The respondents in this study were college students in a private university. The interview and the focus group discussions were then transcribed, analyzed, and coded to find emerging themes. The results of this study indicate several important points. First, social media can empower students in their learning, but can also distract them from their learning. College students needed support from parents, peer groups, and even alumni to seek knowledge independently. Making priorities and maintaining good relationship with classmates, friends, seniors, and alumni are some of the strategies that college students used.
Single-case study: Effectiveness of multilayer model to improve vocabulary knowledge of deaf students
Authors: Subasno Yohanes , Hitipeuw Imanuel
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing a multilayer model in lesson plan (LP) to increase the vocabulary knowledge of deaf students. This study is single-subject research with an A-B-A design (baseline-intervention-maintenance). The intervention instrument used was a LP that consisted of four units, each containing four words taught using multilayers. The instrument was validated and scored 4.6 on a scale of 1-5. The subjects who participated in the study were two students with severe deafness. Two teachers and two observers were involved in this study. The data were analyzed by inspecting the graph, intracondition, and intercondition. The percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) from the inter-condition was used to indicate the effectiveness of the intervention. It was found that the mean value of PND B/A for all LP from subject-1 was 96.25%, and from subject-2 was 100%. Thus, the multilayer model is very effective in improving vocabulary knowledge. The mean of PND A/B was 93.75%, and subject-2 achieved 89.87%, which means that the subject's vocabulary knowledge is maintained even without intervention.
Tuberculose em área endêmica na Bahia, Brasil: análise de tendência de uma década
Authors: Braga Isaque Oliveira , Santos Jéssica Ellen Silva e , Palácio Maria Augusta Vasconcelos , Correia Maria Luisa de Carvalho , Magnabosco Gabriela Tavares , Monteiro Vicente da Silva , Takenami Iukary
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: Descrever os casos de tuberculose, com base no perfil clínico-epidemiológico e na distribuição geográfica, no período de 2010 a 2020, em uma área endêmica da Bahia, Brasil. Método: Estudo realizado a partir de dados secundários obtidos mediante consulta às fichas de notificação de tuberculose de um centro de referência no município de Paulo Afonso, Bahia, Brasil. Os casos notificados de tuberculose entre 2010 e 2020 foram incluídos e submetidos à análise estatística e distribuição espacial. Resultados: Dos 391 casos, 90,8% foram diagnosticados como tuberculose pulmonar, com média de 25,9 casos por 100.000 habitantes na série histórica. Do total de casos, 69,8% eram do sexo masculino, 49,6% tinham idade entre 31 e 59 anos, média de idade 43,4 ± 17.7 anos, 62,1% eram bacilíferos e a maioria dos pacientes foram categorizados como casos novos (81,6%). Ao final do tratamento da TB, 75,7% apresentaram um resultado bem-sucedido (curado) e 48,8% dos casos receberam terapia diretamente observada. Na distribuição espacial, observou-se aglomerados nas macrozonas insular e sul no município de Paulo Afonso. Conclusão: A tuberculose persiste como significativo problema de saúde pública no município e medidas para melhorar o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento são essenciais, principalmente após a pandemia da COVID-19, considerando o perfil epidemiológico e a distribuição espacial da doença.
Inference in High-Dimensional Regression Models without the Exact or Lp Sparsity
Authors: Cha Jooyoung , Chiang Harold D. , Sasaki Yuya
Published: July 2023

We propose a new inference method in high-dimensional regression models and high-dimensional IV regression models. The method is shown to be valid without requiring the exact sparsity or Lp sparsity conditions. Simulation studies demonstrate superior performance of this proposed method over those based on the LASSO or the random forest, especially under less sparse models. We illustrate an application to production analysis with a panel of Chilean firms.
Review of subfamily Prodiamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Russian Far East and bordering territory
Authors: MAKARCHENKO EUGENYI A. , SEMENCHENKO ALEXANDER A.
Published: July 2023

Based on material from the Russian Far East and Eastern Siberia, a revision of the chironomids of the subfamily Prodiamesinae was carried out. A new species Monodiamesa fontinalis sp. nov., is here described, ten species from four genera—Monodiamesa bathyphila Kieffer, M. kamora Makarchenko et Yavorskaya, M. improvisa Makarchenko, M. nitida Kieffer, Odontomesa fulva Kieffer, Prodiamesa levanidovae Makarchenko, Propsilocerus amurensis Makarchenko, P. jacuticus (Zvereva), P. paradoxus Lundström and P. taimyrus Zelentzov are redescribed with varying degrees of completeness. Propsilocerus taimyrus Zelentzov, 2000 is proposed as senior synonym of P. saetheri Wang, Liu et Paasivirta, 2007. DNA barcoding of four species, M. fontinalis sp. nov., M. bathyphila, P. olivacea Meigen and P. akamusi (Tokunaga) was provided. Species delimitation and phylogenetic relationships using COI DNA barcodes confirms the species validity of M. fontinalis sp. nov.
Why Has the Summertime Central U.S. Warming Hole Not Disappeared?
Authors: Eischeid J. K. , Hoerling M. P. , Quan X.-W. , Kumar A. , Barsugli J. , Labe Z. M. , Kunkel K. E. , Schreck C. J. , Easterling D. R. , Zhang T. , Uehling J. , Zhang X.
Published: July 2023

A cooling trend in summer (May–August) daytime temperatures since the mid-twentieth century over the central United States contrasts with strong warming of the western and eastern United States. Prior studies based on data through 1999 suggested that this so-called warming hole arose mainly from internal climate variability and thus would likely disappear. Yet it has prevailed for two more decades, despite accelerating global warming, compelling reexamination of causes that in addition to natural variability could include anthropogenic aerosol–induced cooling, hydrologic cycle intensification by greenhouse gas increases, and land use change impacts. Here we present evidence for the critical importance of hydrologic cycle change resulting from ocean–atmosphere drivers. Observational analysis reveals that the warming hole’s persistence is consistent with unusually high summertime rainfall over the region during the first decades of the twenty-first century. Comparative analysis of large ensembles from four different climate models demonstrates that rainfall trends since the mid-twentieth century as large as observed can arise (although with low probability) via internal atmospheric variability alone, which induce warming-hole-like patterns over the central United States. In addition, atmosphere-only model experiments reveal that observed sea surface temperature changes since the mid-twentieth century have also favored central U.S cool/wet conditions during the early twenty-first century. We argue that this latter effect is symptomatic of external radiative forcing influences, which, via constraints on ocean warming patterns, have likewise contributed to persistence of the U.S. warming hole in roughly equal proportion to contributions by internal variability. These results have important ramifications for attribution of extreme events and predicting risks of record-breaking heat waves in the region.

Significance Statement

Our paper makes a significant contribution to analysis of a cooling trend in summer (May–August) daytime temperatures since the mid-twentieth century over the central United States, contrasting with strong warming over the remainder of the United States and having important ramifications for assigning cause to and predicting record-breaking heat waves in the region. Observations and model simulations reveal the critical importance of hydrologic cycle change resulting from ocean–atmosphere impacts. Precipitation has increased substantially over the region as a result of atmospheric circulation trends consisting of generally lower pressure and cooler air advection into the region. The persistence of this pattern of increased rainfall/lower temperatures is likely due to near-equal contributions of external forcing (climate change) and internal climate variability.
The Making of a Crisis: Migration and Polarization in the French Press
Authors: Reddy Michelle , Thiollet Hélène
Published: July 2023

Mass inflows of immigrants are believed to create moral panic which impacts attitudes and votes. However, few scholars systematically explore the discursive construction of migration as a crisis in relation to actual migration flows. When and how does migration become a crisis? To answer this question, we draw on mixed methods harnessing automated text analysis, linear regression, as well as qualitative analysis, to analyze “migration crisis” discourses in a corpus extracted from French newspapers between 2008 and 2020. We locate the emergence of “migration crisis” discourses in the summer of 2015, absent massive inflows of migrants or refugees in France contrary to other European countries. We show that conservative newspapers overwhelmingly contribute to framing the crisis as one of “migration or migrant” rather than one of asylum or refugees despite the humanitarian nature of inflows. Furthermore, conservative newspapers do not only mention the migration crisis more than liberal ones, but they also create a sense of slow-burning or creeping migration crisis, as an undercurrent in media topics. Our fine-grained analysis of the case of the migration crisis in the French media offers theoretical and methodological inputs for an empirically grounded and constructivist theory of political crises.
Social Innovation Is a Team Sport: Combining Top-Down and Shared Leadership for Social Innovation
Authors: Pearce Craig L. , van Knippenberg Daan
Published: July 2023

Leading social innovation is challenging. Creating enduring social innovation requires navigating the tension of simultaneously engaging top-down and shared leadership. We outline the crux of the challenge and provide key takeaways and practical advice for the tandem deployment of top-down and shared leadership for social innovation success.
Examining Risk for Sexual Assault Among Bisexuals
Authors: Ménard Kim S. , Teasdale Brent , Bradley Mindy S. , Outlaw Maureen
Published: July 2023

The current study examines rates of victimization by sexual orientation disaggregated by sex (female = 7,972; male = 6,985) using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health data (wave IV). Results from design-adjusted logistic regression analyses indicate bisexual people, regardless of sex, are most at risk for forced sexual assault. While women, especially bisexual women, had higher rates of sexual victimization, differences in risk were larger for bisexual men versus straight men than for bisexual women versus straight women. Bisexual respondents were likely to engage in alcohol-related risky behaviors, lifestyle factors did not fully account for differences in victimization risk among bisexuals. Results highlight the need for awareness, prevention, and intervention policies, particularly with regard to bisexual identities.
A slow-burning crisis: Executive relations and the normalisation of distrust in Northern Ireland's ‘cash for ash’ fiasco
Authors: Rice Charis , Connaughton Bernadette , Ratcliffe Jenny , Somerville Ian
Published: July 2023

This paper explores relationships between ministers, special advisers and civil servants through the lens of a high-profile government crisis in Northern Ireland (NI). Although political–administrative relationships are a mainstay of public administration research, we still have limited understanding of how these relationships feature and function within the ‘Westminster family’ of governance when operating within devolved institutions or post-conflict societies, nor of their role in crisis. We use Scott’s institutional pillars as an analytical framework and conduct a documentary analysis of public inquiry witness statements to explore the Renewable Heat Incentive crisis which led to the collapse of the NI legislature. Utilising a novel application of existing theory, we demonstrate that the implementation of the devolved, consociational power-sharing model incubated new governance norms, that prioritised and legitimised the agendas and actions of political actors (ministers and special advisers), over civil servants. Specifically, in understanding how relational norms – particularly distrust – feed public policy failure and institutional crisis, our findings contribute to this research area and to the broader public administration field. Government institutional crisis negatively impacts upon public service delivery and the wider health of democracy. Understanding such crises is an important first step in their amelioration.

Points for practitioners

Structural, systemic and day-to-day behavioural layering of distrust adversely impacts government professionals’ ability to recognise, communicate and respond to risk; this can create policy problems, which can escalate, unchecked, until they have become full-blown crises. In order to proactively mitigate crises in other public policy contexts, managers and teams should build in awareness raising, reflection and management processes to individual and operational performance reviews to improve relational norms, and prevent the normalisation of distrust.
The Rise of Asia-Pacific Agribusiness in the Global South—The Corporate Food Regime Under the Third Regionalism
Authors: Lin Scott Y.
Published: July 2023

Food regime theory asserts that the Global North has controlled food production chains since the 1800s, establishing a corporate food regime in the late 1980s. Through liberalization, Northern food corporations became powerful, leading the contemporary food regime and even replacing states. However, Global South corporations in the Asia-Pacific have grown to become important players in corporate food regimes. Through a literature review, content analysis, and interviews, this study leverages Third Regionalism as the theoretical approach to supplement the food regime theory, and explains how Third Regionalism featured free trade agreements established by Asia-Pacific countries, and how it supported the rapid rise of Southern food corporations. Regionalism helped Asia-Pacific Southern corporations become important figures in the contemporary corporate food regime, reinforcing the Global South’s food security and the livelihood sovereignty aspect of food sovereignty. The stances of Global South food sovereignty groups toward genetically modified crops are shifting and worthy of continued consideration.
Race, Gender, and HIV Testing: A Nationwide Study of the Social Determinants of Black Male and Female Differences in HIV Testing
Authors: Applewhite Sheldon , Snowden Fabienne , Battle Juan
Published: July 2023

Black communities comprise 13% of the U.S. population, but accounted for 42% of all new HIV infections in 2019. Key to reducing HIV infection rates is knowing one’s status. A precursor to knowing is getting tested for HIV. The more information one has concerning the ways social determinants serve as conduits and barriers to getting tested, the more beneficial to all communities, and especially marginalized ones. To help fill this gap in knowledge, this paper utilizes critical race theory and intersectionality as theoretical frameworks, employs secondary analysis of the Black sample within the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention; as well as hierarchical logistic regression modeling to examine the relative impact of health and healthcare, substance use, and key demographics on whether or not a respondent gets tested for HIV. Further, to examine gender differences across these relationships for Black adults, analyses are performed first for both genders and then separately for male and female respondents.
Computational assessment of effect of porosity on thermal conductivity of 3D-printed PEEK/carbon-fiber composite
Authors: Alghamdi Abdulrahman A
Published: July 2023

The three-dimensional (3D) printing of polymer matrix composites has attracted considerable attention. However, the addition of filler materials to the extruded polymer matrix results in inner voids within the beads along with larger voids, called intervoids, which are generated between the beads during the 3D printing process. These voids degrade the thermal transport properties of 3D-printed polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and PEEK/carbon-fiber composites. The effects of these pores (i.e., their number, size, and location) on the thermal conductivity of 3D-printed PEEK and a PEEK/carbon-fiber composite were investigated using a multiscale finite element approach. The presence of the carbon fibers mitigated the effect of the pores on the thermal conductivity of the PEEK/carbon-fiber composite, particularly along the longitudinal direction. Moreover, the inner voids had a dominant effect on the PEEK and PEEK/carbon-fiber composite. Finally, the orientation of the intervoids had no effect on the thermal conductivity of the printed materials.
Language Contact Within the Speaker: Phonetic Variation and Crosslinguistic Influence
Authors: Johnson Khia A. , Babel Molly
Published: July 2023

A recent model of sound change posits that the direction of change is determined, at least in part, by the distribution of variation within speech communities. We explore this model in the context of bilingual speech, asking whether the less variable language constrains phonetic variation in the more variable language, using a corpus of spontaneous speech from early Cantonese–English bilinguals. As predicted, given the phonetic distributions of stop obstruents in Cantonese compared with English, intervocalic English /b d g/ were produced with less voicing for Cantonese–English bilinguals and word-final English /t k/ were more likely to be unreleased compared with spontaneous speech from two monolingual English control corpora. Whereas voicing initial obstruents can be gradient in Cantonese, the release of final obstruents is prohibited. Neither Cantonese–English bilingual initial voicing nor word-final stop release patterns were significantly impacted by language mode. These results provide evidence that the phonetic variation in crosslinguistically linked categories in bilingual speech is shaped by the distribution of phonetic variation within each language, thus suggesting a mechanistic account for why some segments are more susceptible to cross-language influence than others.
Cultural Mindsets Matter: Reexamining the End Effect in Tourism Experiences
Authors: Yu Yu , Pan Bing , Cui RanRan , Liang Jianping , Wu Jifei
Published: July 2023

Understanding the relationships between momentary episodes and overall evaluation is integral to creating tourist experiences because service providers strive to maximize positive outcomes and minimize negative ones. Past work has shown that the end experience outweighs other episodes (e.g., the start experience) when forming retrospective judgments, referred to as “the end effect.” Although researchers have paid considerable attention to the end effect in tourist experience evaluation, their findings are mixed and need to be further clarified. This research reconciles the inconsistency by examining the moderating role of cultural mindsets on the weight of end experience in overall evaluation. Across three experiments, this research reveals that the end experience is heavily weighted for tourists with an individualistic mindset but less so for those with a collective mindset. These findings help to explain the inconsistency in the literature and provide practical implications for destination marketing.
“Somebody Else’s Fight”: Local Dynamics in the Baltimore Highway Revolt
Authors: Schipper Douwe
Published: July 2023

This article revisits the Baltimore “highway revolt” of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Unlike previous scholarship, which has primarily focused on the citywide, interracial antihighway coalition Movement Against Destruction, this article examines local and grassroots antihighway groups in the white ethnic neighborhoods of Southeast and South Baltimore. A more localized investigation complicates the narrative of the “harmonious” convergence of different classes and races around the highway issue—the notion that “the people” came together to block “the road.” Local antihighway organizing was more parochial and more divisive, mirroring the factionalized racial and environmental landscape of early 1970s urban America. This finding has implications for historians’ understanding of highway revolts in other American cities—several of which have also been characterized as examples of effective coalition building between different neighborhoods, social classes, ethnicities, and races.
A Case Report of Refractory Postherpetic Neuralgia After Ramsay Hunt Syndrome Treated With Tympanic Nerve Neurectomy
Authors: Sarathy Ashwini , An Clemens , Sajisevi Mirabelle , Brundage William
Published: July 2023

Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a facial nerve palsy that arises from herpes zoster infection. In rare cases, postherpetic neuralgia is a complication following Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Pain management to address postherpetic neuralgia includes facial nerve blocks, medications such as gabapentin, carbamazepine and botulinum toxin injections, and pulsed radiofrequency. Despite the reported benefits for patients with glossopharyngeal nerve pain, neurectomy as a treatment has rarely been described. A 45-year-old patient visited our ENT clinic for chronic right-sided facial, ear, and jaw pain that persisted for 9 years following the development of Ramsay Hunt syndrome. She trialed multiple medications including gabapentin, carbamazepine, and botulinum toxin injections with minimal relief to her symptoms. The patient underwent a diagnostic myringotomy with topical application of lidocaine to the tympanic nerve. This resulted in temporary relief of her pain until the effects of the lidocaine subsided. The patient was subsequently offered lysis of the right tympanic nerve for more definitive management. The patient experienced significant pain reduction after the right tympanic neurectomy procedure. Chronic postherpetic neuralgia following Ramsay Hunt syndrome can cause significant impairment in a patient’s quality of life. For patients with ear pain refractory to conservative management, a tympanic neurectomy can be considered.
AI, Concepts of Intelligence, and Chatbots: The “Figure of Man,” the Rise of Emotion, and Future Visions of Education
Authors: Baker Bernadette , Mills Kathy A. , McDonald Peter , Wang Liang
Published: July 2023

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have been implemented across all levels of education, with the rapid developments of chatbots and AI language models, like ChatGPT, demonstrating the urgent need to conceptualize the key debates and their implications for a new era of learning and assessment. This adoption occurs in a context where AI is dramatically remapping “the human,” the purposes of schooling, and pedagogy.

Focus of Study:

The paper examines how different formulations of “human” became interwoven with the sliding signifier of “intelligence” through a series of violent exclusions, and how the shifting contour of “intelligence” produces uneven and unjust ontological scales undergirding both education and AI fields. Its purpose is to engage the education research community in dialogue about biases, the nature of ethics, and decision-making concerning AI in education.

Research Design:

This paper adapts a historical-philosophical method. It traces the effects of colonialism and racialization within humanism’s emergence through Sylvia Wynter’s historiography of “figure of Man,” especially via the invention of “intelligence,” which has linked education and computer science. It also investigates themes central to modern education such as justice, equity, and in/exclusion through a philosophical examination of the ontological scales of “human.”

Conclusions:

After outlining how “intelligence” has shifted from reason-as-morality to concepts of natural intelligence, we argue that current examples of AI in Education (AIEd), like classroom chatbots and social agents, constitute an intermediary point in the arc toward a new computational superintelligence—the emergence of man3—illustrating the opportunities, risks, and ethical issues in pedagogical applications based on emotion. We outline three differing visions of AIEd’s future, concluding with a series of provocations (onto-epistemological, practice-based, and purposes of schooling) that exceed such models and that, given rapid innovations in machine learning, require urgent consideration from multiple stakeholders.
Media research and proposals for media change: Notes on a key variable
Authors: Corner John
Published: July 2023

A significant body of media research internationally involves suggestions for planned change, often as a key point of conclusion. The suggested changes or reforms are placed in the context of perceived deficits in media performance, which may be seen as longstanding or as a result of recent shifts in the broader economy, the political frame or a major disruption such as that brought about by COVID-19. Some research restricts itself to documenting the deficits with possible remedies largely implied. However, other work seeks to go further. Recommendations for change in media structures and practices differ widely in their scale, specificity and also in their level of engagement with the surrounding political, economic and social settings. These settings are the consequence of various planned and unplanned factors interacting over time. This note looks at a number of variables around ideas of planned change in the contexts of current media inquiry, including that of media historiography, taking a few illustrative examples to examine the frameworks within which they are placed. It reviews connections made with levels of the political and economic system and of public evaluations and media uses as well as with the levels of the media industries themselves and their workforces.
Social-Emotional Learning Intervention for K–1 Students at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: Mediation Effects of Social-Emotional Learning on School Adjustment
Authors: Daunic Ann P. , Aydin Burak , Corbett Nancy L. , Smith Stephen W. , Boss Delaney , Crews Emily
Published: July 2023

Education researchers, policy makers, and practitioners have emphasized the role that social-emotional learning and self-regulation play in children’s adjustment and connection to school, particularly as they transition from pre-school to kindergarten and the primary grades. A pretest–posttest cluster-randomized efficacy trial of the Social-Emotional Learning Foundations (SELF) curriculum for kindergarten–first-grade students found positive main effects on assessments of self-regulation, social-emotional learning, social-emotional vocabulary, and general behavioral functioning. This study is a secondary analysis using structural equation modeling to explore whether SELF effects on school adjustment were mediated by its effects on language and/or self-regulation–related outcomes. Findings replicated direct effects of treatment but did not support hypothesized mediators. In contrast, direct effects of treatment on measures of competent school functioning and internalizing behavior were mediated by outcome effects on a standardized measure of social-emotional learning competence. Study findings underscore the fundamental importance of social-emotional learning to school success and suggest related measurement issues in social-emotional learning and topics for further research.
“You want them to be partners in therapy, but that's tricky when they’re not there”: A qualitative study exploring caregiver involvement across the continuum of care during the early COVID pandemic
Authors: Wasilewski Marina B , Szigeti Zara , Sheppard Christine L , Minezes Jacqueline , Hitzig Sander L , Mayo Amanda L , Robinson Lawrence R , Lung Maria , Simpson Robert
Published: July 2023

Objective

Widespread visitor restrictions were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic at acute and inpatient rehabilitation hospitals. Family caregivers were physically isolated from their loved ones, which challenged engagement in patient care and readiness for their role. Thus, we aimed to explore the involvement of family caregivers in COVID-19 patients as they journeyed across the care continuum during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design

We employed a qualitative descriptive approach.

Participants

We conducted interviews with family caregivers, COVID-19 patients, and healthcare providers between August 2020 and February 2021.

Setting

Participants were recruited from a single hospital network in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed thematically.

Results

A total of 27 participants were interviewed—12 healthcare providers, 10 patients, and 5 family caregivers. Four themes were identified: (a) Caregivers were shut out in acute COVID care, (b) Patient discharge from inpatient rehabilitation was turbulent for caregivers, (c) Caregivers were unprepared to support loved ones in the community, and (d) Patient discharge to home was heavily dependent on caregiver availability.

Conclusions

Visitor restrictions prevent family caregivers from being physically present at patients’ bedside, leading to complex and detrimental impacts such as caregivers feeling that they were not engaged in their loved one's care planning until they were discharged. In turn, discharge to the community was met with several challenges including caregivers feeling underprepared and unsupported to meet their loved one's unique care requirements. This was exacerbated by a lack of community-based resources due to ongoing pandemic restrictions.