bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adolesanların Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı ile Fiziksel Aktivite Tutum ve Davranışlarını Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: Gülbetekin Eda , Güven Erkan , Tuncel Oğuzhan
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, adolesanların dijital oyun bağımlılığı ile fiziksel aktivite tutum ve davranışlarını etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan araştırma, Iğdır ilinde, 15 Kasım 2020 - 31 Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini; Iğdır ilinde yaşayan adolesan döneminde olan çocuklar, örneklemini ise araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 583 çocuk oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında, Demografik Bilgi Formu, Bilişsel Davranışçı Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği (BDFÖ) ve Çocuklar İçin Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (ÇİDOBÖ) kullanılmıştır. Veriler online görüşme yoluyla elde edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırma grubu %52,3’ü (n=305) kadın, %47,7’si (n=278) erkek toplam 583 adolesandan oluşmuştur. Katılımcıların, fiziksel aktivite tutumlarının cinsiyet, cihazları kullanma süreleri ve ilgilendikleri herhangi bir spor dalının olma durumuna göre, dijital oyun bağımlılıklarının ise cinsiyet, yaşanılan yer, dijital araca sahip olma, sürekli oynadıkları bir oyun olma durumu, cihazları kullanma süreleri ve ilgilendikleri herhangi bir spor dalının olma durumuna göre farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada Bilişsel Davranışçı Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği toplam puanı ile Çocuklar İçin Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Ölçeği toplam puanı arasında negatif yönlü zayıf düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Çocukların spor yapmaya teşvik edilmesi, uygun ortamın oluşturulması gibi durumlar ile fiziksel aktiviteye tutum ve davranışların geliştirilebileceği ve dijital oyun bağımlılığı seviyesinin düşürülebileceği düşünülmektedir.
Ireland COVID-19 Governmental Response
Authors: S. Abdellatif Omar , Behbehani Ali , Landin Mauricio
Published: June 2021

The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
"A survey on the most important internet of things technologies "
Authors: Al-Abass Gesoon j.k , ALkifaey Huda R.
Published: June 2021

"Internet of things (IoT) domain targets human with smart resolutions through the connection of “M2M” in all over the world, effectively. It was difficult to ignore domain importance field of IoT with the new deployment of applications such as smartphone in recent days. The most important layer in architecture of IoT is network layer, because of various systems (perform of cloud computing, switching, hub, gateway, so on), different technologies of connection (Long-Term Evolution (LTE), WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.) gathered in layer. Network layers should transfer the information from or to various applications/objects, via gateways/interfaces between networks that are heterogeneous, therefore utilizing different connection technologies, protocols. Recent work highlighted IoT technologies state-of-the-art utilized in architectures of IoT, some variations among them in addition to the applications of them in life."
"Some Result of Fuzzy Separation Axiom in Fuzzy Topological ring Space "
Authors: Melgat Basim M. , AL-Khafaji Munir Abdul Khalik
Published: June 2021

"In this paper, we study fuzzy separation axiom in the fuzzy topological ring space. Also the relationship between the types of fuzzy separation axiom was studied.
Leadership Styles and Team Performance
Authors:   Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia, Alharbi Dr. Fahad Saad Soliaman Algorabi
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to study the relation between transformational leadership, transactional leadership and team performance. The researcher dependent on previous studies to conduct this research. The results refer to that transformational leadership has positive role on team performance however, transactional leadership has positive and negative role on team performance. Leaders have to strengthen the role of transformational leadership to improve and develop the team performance. For future, researcher recommended to conduct studies on transactional leadership and team performance.
A review of surgical approach of Sushruta in Arma: Pterygium
Authors: Kondekar Suhasani Banduji , Andhankar R. V.
Published: June 2021

Ayurveda the ancient system of medicine gives valuable guidelines not only in treatment aspects but alsoin preventive line Pterygium is a degenerative condition of conjunctiva of unclear aetiology. Although, the successful treatment are available but frequent cases of recurrence occurring. Sushruta known as father of surgery has described various surgical process along with herbalmedicines. There are 76 types of Netra Rogas described by Acharya Sushruta, Arma is one among the 11 type of Shuklagata netra roga which is said to chedan sadhya. Arma is a disease having exact similar entities to Pterygium explained in very advance form with absolute medical and surgical treatment to cure and check the recurrence of disease. The technique of surgery and precaution indicated while performing surgery is marvellous. The assessment of adequate excision of tissue and post-operative management to mitigate the pain, congestion indicates fines of surgery explained in Ayurveda  classics.
A clinical case study on secondary infertility w.s.r to bijotsarg (ovarian factor) & its management through Ayurveda
Authors: T. R. Thanga Selva Kumari , Ninama Nidhi , Modi Mansi
Published: June 2021

Secondary infertility indicates previous pregnancy but failure to conceive subsequently. This condition can be correlated with sapraja in Ayurveda.[i] The incidence of sapraja is keep on increasing due to lifestyle changes , irregular menstrual cycle etc which leads to bijotsarga by misbalancing the doshas during rutuchakra. This case is an ideal example of sapraja and is successfully managed with ayurveda therapy. The patient was unable to conceive for 6 years after her first baby with the complaints of early irregular menses, poor appetite & sleep disturbance, constipation. Considering clinical features vata, kapha, artava involved in pathology. Patient was treated with virechana, kala basti & uttara basti followed by Garbhapal ras, chitrakadi vati and bijadharakyoga. During treatment, the patient got relief from signs and symptoms and got fruitful pregnancy. Hence it was concluded that above therapy is highly effective in the management of secondary infertility.
ALMOST RIEMANN INTEGRABLE FUNCTIONS
Authors: DAMLAKHI MOUSTAFA
Published: June 2021

An arbitrary function $f$ on a bounded interval $[a,b]$ is  termed an almost $R$-integrable function if there exists a Riemann integrable function $g$ such that $f =g$ a.e. In this note a characterization of the class of almost $R$-integrable

functions is obtained.
ON SUBMAXIMAL SPACES
Authors: DONTCHEV JULIAN
Published: June 2021

A topological space $X$ is called submaximal if every dense subset of $X$ is open. In this paper, which is an enlarged version of Section 3 in [7], we characterize submaximal spaces using various topological notions. We study the connections between submaximal and related spaces as well as we improve some results concerning submaximal space achieved by Mahmoud and Rose in [7].
ON CERTAIN SUBCLASSES OF MEROMORPHICALLY MULTIVALENT FUNCTIONS
Authors: CHO NAK EUN
Published: June 2021

The object of the present paper is to introduce a new class $J_{n, p}(\alpha)$ of meromorphically multivalent functions defined by a multiplier tranformation and to investigate some properties for the the class $J_{n, p}(\alpha)$. Our results include or improve some known results.
STRONGLY ORE INVARIANT RINGS
Authors: KAMAL AHMED A. M.
Published: June 2021

STRONGLY ORE INVARIANT RINGS
A NEW TYPE OF CLUSTER SETS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Authors: MUKHERJEE M. N. , RAYCHAUDHURI S.
Published: June 2021

In this paper we introduce the concept of a new type of cluster sets, termed $\delta$-cluster sets, of functions and multifunctions between topological spaces. Expressions of such sets are found and multifunctions with $\delta$-closed graphs are characterized. Also the behaviour of $\delta$-cluster sets toward a-continuity of a func- tion is observed. Finally as applications, we find new characterizations of almost regularity, near compactness and near Lindelofness of a topological space in terms of $\delta$-cluster sets of suitable multifunctions.
ON THE CESARO SUMMABILITY OF ULTRASPHERICAL SERIES
Authors: VERMA ALOK , SHARMA ARAOHANA
Published: June 2021

In this paper the Cesaro summability of the ultraspherical series has been investigated which extend and generalize the results of Wang [5, 6] of Fourier sen es.
Research Roundup: Digital Literacy
Authors: Hozore Elissa , Diamant-Cohen Betsy
Published: June 2021

Computers are a fact of life in the twenty-first century. Reading and math literacy have long been considered essential, and technological literacy is emerging as equally important to children’s (and adults’) ability to understand and engage with their world. However, just as it is crucial to learn to write as well as to read, it is crucial that children engage as programmers, as creators, and not only as consumers, of technology.
Research Roundup, Student Edition: Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) and Early Childhood
Authors: Deglan Shelby , Leung Anthea
Published: June 2021

This list features freely accessible links to research and resources on social-emotional learning (SEL) in early childhood. The resources can help children’s librarians and early childhood practitioners expand their knowledge and equip them with practical skills to promote SEL practices at libraries and/or other childcare settings.
Recommended Reading: Comparing Elementary/Middle School Graphic Novel Collections to Recommended Reading Lists
Authors: Moeller Robin A. , Becnel Kim E.
Published: June 2021

Booklists created by library and education professionals can be valuable tools for librarians as they develop collections. Based upon the perceived discomfort felt by many school librarians in selecting graphic novels, this research analyzes the extent to which a population of elementary and middle school libraries’ collections in the Southeastern United States reflects the lists of recommended graphic novels annually produced by the Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC).
Problems with the execution of house arrest
Authors: Brašovan-Delić Marina
Published: June 2021

In the Republic of Serbia, out of all alternative sanctions, the courts have most often issued house arrest, in addition to a suspended sentence. Besides a review of the legislation governing the subject matter, the author attempts to point out the problems that the courts and trust agents encounter in practice when executing the sanction of house arrest. Inadequate application of the regulations governing the execution of house arrest, along with technical and personnel shortcomings faced by the Trust Agency of the Administration for the Execution of Penitentiary Sanctions in the Republic of Serbia, may lead to a partial or temporary inability to execute the sentence. By using the available statistics on imposed criminal sanctions, examining the opinions of the judges and the views of the trust agents, and evaluating data from other research conducted in this area, the author attempts to answer the question of whether and how the existing problems with house arrest in Serbia could be overcome. Eliminating the formal and technical deficiencies in the execution should demonstrate the extent to which the imposition of house arrest achieves the aims of general and special preventive measures, while bearing in mind that, in certain situations in practice, the sentence of house arrest remains unexecuted.
Influence of lipid metabolism disorders on venous thrombosis risk
Authors: Spasić Igor , Ubavić Milan , Šumarac Zorica , Todorović Maša , Vučković Biljana
Published: June 2021

Background: To investigate the influence of lipid metabolism disorders on the risk of deep vein thrombosis. Methods: A total of 200 subjects participated in the study, 100 of whom experienced DVT with or without PTE, and 100 healthy subjects representing the control group. We classified patients and controls in terms of serum concentrations of chylomicrons, LDL, IDL, VLDL, and HDL particles, as those with or without hyperlipoproteinemia and in terms of serum Lp (a) lipoprotein levels, as those with hyperLp (a) lipoproteinemia (serum Lp (a) values > 0.3 g/L) and those without hyperLp (a) lipoproteinemia (serum Lp (a) values <0.3 g/L). Based on the modified and supplemented Fredrickson classification, participants with verified existences of hyperlipoproteinemia were classified into subgroups based on the type of hyperlipoproteinemia. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORs with 95% CIS as a measure of the relative risks for venous thrombosis in participants with hyperlipoproteinemia compared with those without hyperlipoproteinemia. The analysis was adjusted for all potential confounders (age, sex, obesity) related to the functionality of the lipid metabolism, and at the same time, may have an impact on the risk of venous thrombosis. Results: The results of the comparison of the mean values of individual lipid status parameters between the patient group and the control group clearly indicate higher concentrations of total cholesterol (5.93 mmol/L vs. 5.52 mmol/L), total triglycerides (1.58 mmol/L vs. 1.50 mmol/L), and LDL-cholesterol (3.83 mmol/L vs. 3.44 mmol/L) in the patient group relative to the control group, with a statistically significant difference observed only in the case of LDL-cholesterol concentrations. We have found that type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with a nearly double increased risk for deep vein thrombosis (OR 1.99; Cl 1.01-3.90), while type IIb, IV, or hyperLp (a) lipoproteinemia did not influence the risk (OR 1.22; 95% Cl 0.79-1.84; OR 0.89; 95% Cl 0.52-1.54 OR 1.85; 95% CI 0.84-4.04). Conclusions: Hypercholesterolemia doubles the risk of deep vein thrombosis development.
Extraction kinetics modeling of amaranth seed oil supercritical fluid extraction
Authors: Krulj Jelena , Pezo Lato , Kojić Jovana , Pavlić Branimir , Šimurina Olivera , Cvetković Biljana , Bodroža-Solarov Marija
Published: June 2021

Amaranth seeds contain oil with important nutritional properties, in particular, because of the presence of essential fatty acids, high content of minerals, vitamins, lysine and squalene. In this study, the kinetics of the supercritical fluid extraction of oil from three amaranth seed varieties has been investigated. The average oil content in amaranth seed was 58.2 g/kg, ranging from 54.6 to 61.1 g/kg depends on varieties, while squalene content ranged from 3.3 to 3.8 g/kg with an average content of 3.5 g/kg dry seed. Five empirical kinetic equations were successfully applied for kinetic modeling of extraction. As indicated by the appropriate statistical "goodness of fit" tests (such as the sum of squared errors, the coefficient of determination and the average absolute relative deviation), empirical models show good agreement with experimental data. The mathematical modeling of a process is beneficial to predict the process conduct and furthermore extend the procedures from laboratory to industrial scales.
Fatores de satisfação preconizado por consumidores em serviços de supermercados
Authors: Studzinski Eliziane , Moyano Carlos Alberto Mello , Angnes Derli Luís
Published: June 2021

Os supermercados servem de elo na cadeia entre produtores e seus consumidores finais. Todavia, o consumidor possui uma visão do que seria valor para si, cabendo aos supermercados compreender esse valor, a partir da identificação dos fatores de qualidade que preconizam a satisfação dos clientes e o aumento de desempenho. Sendo portanto o objetivo deste estudo o de identificar os principais fatores de satisfação preconizado pelos consumidores em serviços de supermercados. O método empregado caracteriza-se por uma pesquisa descritiva envolvendo uma survey com 240 clientes de supermercados do extremo norte gaúcho. Como resultado obteve-se oito fatores que proporcionam valor (benefícios) para a clientela: atendimento, variedades, promoções, produtos, ambiente, preços, acessibilidade e localização. Além da contribuição para gestão mercadológica do setor supermercadista e ao bem estar social da população onde o estudo foi desenvolvido, o trabalho também proporciona implicações acadêmicas e científicas, ao ampliar o estudo dos fatores que influenciam na satisfação dos consumidores em supermercados.
Diversidade nas organizações: uma análise das produções científicas nos eventos da ANPAD
Authors: Laurini Matheus Machado , Santos Andressa Schaurich dos
Published: June 2021

Percebe-se atualmente que a diversidade está cada vez mais presente dentro das organizações, sendo assim este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as produções científicas sobre a temática da diversidade LGBTQ+ dentro das organizações nos principais eventos da Associação Nacional dos Programas de Pós-graduação em Administração (ANPAD) nos últimos 15 anos. No que se refere aos procedimentos metodológicos adotados no presente trabalho, este estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa bibliométrica. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento de artigos científicos sobre a temática, publicados entre os anos de 2006 a julho de 2020 nos principais eventos da ANPAD. Em um primeiro momento, foram selecionados os artigos que possuíam no título a palavra 'gay', 'lésbica', 'homossexual' e 'lgbt'. No segundo estágio, os trabalhos localizados foram lidos, a fim de verificar se realmente tratavam sobre a temática da diversidade sexual e de gênero nas organizações. Com base nos resultados do presente estudo, foi possível averiguar que as pesquisas realizadas trazem importantes contribuições para o meio científico e acadêmico acerca da temática da diversidade sexual e de gênero nas organizações. Verifica-se um crescimento de publicações dentro da plataforma da Associação Nacional de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa em Administração (ANPAD) sobre a temática, o que demonstra o interesse por parte dos pesquisadores em compreender melhor de que forma a inclusão está acontecendo dentro das empresas.
Percepção dos servidores de uma instituição pública de ensino sobre a gestão de projetos
Authors: Costa Edilson Fernandes da , Silva Sildemar Albertini da , Michaloski Ariel Orlei , Oliveira Jair de
Published: June 2021

A gestão de projetos se apresenta como uma importante ferramenta para que os gestores possam conduzir os projetos, inclusive na esfera pública. Assim, o presente artigo teve o objetivo de identificar a percepção de servidores de instituição pública federal de ensino superior em relação à Gestão de Projetos. Para embasar a pesquisa, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura quanto à gestão pública, gestão de projetos e a gestão de projetos públicos. Em seguida estudou-se a percepção e o uso dos gestores sobre algumas ferramentas de gestão de projetos e sobre as capacitações realizadas e necessidades de novas capacitações para a gestão de projetos. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Quanto ao procedimento utilizado, foi realizado um levantamento, com a coleta de dados por meio da aplicação de questionário contendo questões abertas e fechadas. Como resultado observou-se que existem dificuldades em relação à gestão de projetos, tais como falta de integração dos sistemas de gestão, na gestão do tempo e na obtenção de recursos humanos, financeiros e materiais, além do fato de que nem todos os respondentes atuam diretamente com gestão de projetos. Apesar disso, todos os entrevistados manifestaram interesse em se capacitar sobre o tema, o que demonstra uma visão positiva sobre a gestão de projetos dentro da instituição.
Planejamento estratégico aplicado ao processo de desenvolvimento sustentável no perímetro irrigado no município de Pau dos Ferros/RN
Authors: Estevam Stênio Maia , Monteiro Anailza Feitoza dos Santos , Araújo Douglas da Silva
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho investiga as forças potencializadoras e as diferentes problemáticas que interferem no processo de desenvolvimento sustentável do Perímetro Irrigado – PI de Pau dos Ferros-RN. Para identificar as informações, utilizou-se o Diagnóstico Rápido Participativo – (DRP). O DRP é um conjunto de técnicas e ferramentas que permite que as comunidades façam o seu próprio diagnóstico e a partir daí comecem a auto gerenciar o seu planejamento e desenvolvimento. Para sistematizar as informações do DRP utilizou-se o modelo Fortaleza-Oportunidade-Fraqueza-Ameaça (F-O-F-A). Não há registros sobre a origem do modelo, porém sua criação é creditada a dois professores de Harvard Business School, tem como fundamento o princípio da organização e sistematização dos fatores internos (Fortalezas e Fraquezas) e externos (Oportunidades e Ameaças). Como forma de alcançar tal objetivo, selecionou-se, através de entrevistas com atores sociais, os aspectos socioeconômicos e ambientais que estão diretamente relacionados ao processo de planejamento do PI. Posteriormente, foram elencadas algumas potencialidades e problemáticas para os aspectos socioeconômicos e ambientais. As potencialidades indicam que pode ser controladas pelos dirigentes e líderes local, e as problemáticas mostram que há possibilidade de controlar por meio de um planejamento adequado. As entrevistas com os atores sociais mostraram a percepção dos aspectos socioeconômicos e ambientais, sugerindo que eles detectassem quais os fatores eram mais importante. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o processo de planejamento participativo é essencial para as tomadas de decisões do Perímetro Irrigado. Por fim, foi construído o modelo socioeconômico e ambiental F-O-F-A, levando em consideração os resultados das entrevistas com os atores sociais.
Análise bibliométrica em controladoria dos artigos publicados no Congresso Brasileiro de Custos no período de 2011 a 2018
Authors: Ornellas Ana Luiza Monteiro Bastos , Araújo Rayssa Rayane Rocha Rosário , Ribeiro Lívia Maria de Pádua , Araújo Uajará Pessoa , Silva Bárbara Gabrielle
Published: June 2021

Devido a importância da controladoria para as organizações, diversos autores vêm publicando nessa temática. Esse estudo busca identificar o perfil dos artigos publicados com o tema controladoria no Congresso Brasileiro de Custos dentro do período de 2011 a 2018. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa e bibliométrica do tipo levantamento. A análise de dados, da amostra de 58 artigos, foi realizada por meio de técnicas bibliométricas. Os resultados indicam que a quantidade de artigos está diminuindo ao longo dos anos e Rogério Lunkes, Augusto Cabral, Marcus Machado, Maria Peter, Maria Pessoa e Sandra Santos foram os autores com maior número de publicações. Viu-se ainda que as instituições UFC, UFSC, UEM, UFBA tiveram mais autores vinculados, logo, destaque para às regiões Nordeste e Sul. A respeito da temática dos artigos constatou-se que custos como ferramenta para o planejamento, controle e apoio a decisões seguido de metodologias de ensino e pesquisa em custos foram os que tiveram mais artigos publicados no CBC. As palavras-chaves mais referenciadas foram: produção científica, bibliometria, contabilidade, práticas de controladoria, controladoria, controller e gestão de custos. Relativo à metodologia viu-se que o objetivo de pesquisa mais utilizado foi descritivo (74%), a estratégia de pesquisa com maior destaque foi o levantamento (43%) e 48% dos artigos possuíam abordagem qualitativa.
Leaf Diseases Classification on Peanut Leaves Based on Texture and Colour Features
Authors: Rahayu F. Brahma Ratih , Mudjirahardjo Panca , Muslim Muhammad Aziz
Published: June 2021

Peanuts are a food crop commodity that Indonesians widely consume as a vegetable fat and protein source. However, the quality and quantity of peanut productivity may decline, one of which is due to plant diseases. Efforts that can be made to maintain peanut productivity are the application of technology to detect peanut plant diseases early; thus, disease control can be carried out earlier. This study presents a technology development application, particularly digital image processing, to identify disease features of infected peanut leaves based on GLCM texture features and colour features in the HSV colour space and classified using the SVM method. The development of the SVM method that is applied is the Multiclass SVM with the DAGSVM strategy, which can classify more than two classes. Based on the experimental results, it confirms that the combination of HSV colour features and GLCM texture features with an angular orientation of 0 degrees and classified by the Multiclass SVM method with polynomial kernels produces the highest accuracy, i.e. 99.1667% for leaf spot class, 97.5% for leaf rust class, 98.8333% for eyespot class, 100% for normal leaf class and 100% for other leaf class.
Some Anatomical Variations of the Coronary Circulation among Sri Lankan Adults
Authors: Hulathduwa S. R.
Published: June 2021

The coronary circulation has been the centre of focus of many anatomists, pathologists, cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, physiologists and even the general public especially since the introduction of coronary angiography during the 1960's. Though a large number of data regarding the coronary circulation of the Western populations are available, research about coronary circulation of the Sri Lankan population is comparatively rare. This study comprises of data from 150 autopsy specimens of adult Sri Lankans died due to non-cardiac causes. 99.3% had a tricuspid aortic valve while only in 0.7% the aortic valve was bi-cuspid. The incidence of the ectopic origin of the left and the right coronary artery was equal (1.3%), and the posterior sinus was devoid of coronary ostia. A 55.3% of the study population had a single coronary artery ostium for each main coronary artery. The corresponding figure for the left coronary artery was 91.3%. Six percent (06%) of the right coronary ostia were positioned significantly above the sinus while the corresponding figure for the left coronary ostia was higher (17.5%). The average left ventricular wall thickness for males and females were 13mm and 12mm respectively. Significant muscular bridging (in relation to at-least one coronary artery) was found in 19.3% of the study population. The study concludes that variations in the cardiac anatomy are commoner than expected. As per Kitzman chart, cardiac dimensions of the Sri Lankans are somewhat smaller compared to the dimensions of the Western populations.
Health Hazards, Perceived Health Problems and Safety Compliances among Mortuary Workers in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State
Authors: Emmanuel Noah Oluwatope , Police Ukwoma Ilode
Published: June 2021

This study assessed Health Hazards, Perceived Health Problems and Safety Compliances among Mortuary Workers in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State. Descriptive cross-sectional study recruited 150 eligible respondents from private and public mortuaries, respectively, surveyed from selected mortuaries in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State. A structured questionnaires were administered to the respondents which comprises of socio-demographics, occupational history, knowledge and behaviour towards hazards encountered while at their workplace. Descriptive and analytical statistical tools were used to analyze the data. The majority of the respondents were exposed to hazards. The majority of respondents had knowledge of hazards associated with their job, while 11% used personal protective equipment (PPE) always. Hazards abound in mortuaries in Ikwerre L.G.A. even though most workers had received training on hazards and hazards prevention. There was also poor use of PPE by workers of these mortuaries in Ikwerre Local Government Area. It was recommended that health education, provision, enforcement and monitoring of the use of PPE be intensified among this group of workers as measures to mitigate hazards in the study area.
Role of Competitive Strategic Responses on Performance of Fast-moving Consumer Goods Manufacturing Firms in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Okumu George , Kariuki Paul
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of competitive strategic responses on performance of fast moving consumer goods manufacturing firms in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study employed descriptive research design. The target population was 258 managers of these firms; from where a sample size of 157 respondents was obtained. Data was gathered using a semi structured questionnaire, administered using drop and pick method. This data was analyse using both qualitative and quantitative approaches where descriptive and inferential statistics were obtained. The study revealed that, each of competitive strategic responses; prospector strategy (p =0.047; β =.159), defender strategy (p =0.022; β =.135), analyzer strategy (p =0.013; β =.224) and reactor strategy (p < 0.01; β = .299) has a significant positive influence on performance of fast-moving consumer goods manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. These strategic responses account for 29.82% of change in performance of FMCG manufacturing firm in Nairobi County.
Assessment of Climate Change Awareness in the Kakamega-Nandi Forest Complex in the Western Region
Authors: Wetiba Wabusya Moses , Tsingalia Mugatsia , Pili Njira Njira , Kakembo Vincent
Published: June 2021

Aims: This study assessed the level of climate change awareness among the forest-adjacent communities in the Kakamega-Nandi forest ecosystem complex. Four locations were chosen for the study, Buyangu and Isecheno in the Kakamega forest, Kaptumo in Nandi South and Kipsamoite in Nandi North forest ecosystems.

Study Design: A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from primary sources. Structured questionnaires were administered to the residents aged 25years and older within the study area.

Place and Duration of Study: The Kakamega, north and south Nandi forest ecosystems in western Kenya between June -December 2019.

Methodology: A total of 280 questionnaires were randomly administered to the forest-adjacent respondents with, Kakamega forest 163 respondents, South Nandi forest 60, while North Nandi had 57respondents. A total of 217 questionnaires were filled and returned and the information wherein used in data analysis. Focused Group Discussion and key informants were used to supplement data collects by the questionnaires.

Results: Majority of the residents (54%) were less concerned about climate change. In addition, 85% of the respondents had very little knowledge on coping and adapting to the adverse impacts of climate change. Some 40 % and 45% of the respondents got information about climate through televisions and radios, respectively. Further analysis of the results revealed that climate change was responsible for fourteen key impacts. These included an increase in rainfall, prolonged drought, decrease in the quality and quantity of fresh water, decrease in food security, an increase in temperature, a decrease in agricultural resources, an increase in sickness and disease, a decrease in quality of life, flooding, decrease in forest cover, loss of homes, reduction in biodiversity, and rise in storm surge. A Chi test revealed a significant relationship between forest cover decline and changes in rainfall patterns (X2 = 111.86, df =12, p<0.001), increasing temperature (X2 = 80.492, df =12, p<0.001);, drought( (X2 = 204.84, df =16, p<0.001) and storm surges (X2 = 74.34, df =8, p<0.001)]. The respondents' level of education was significantly different from their level of climate change awareness (X2=44.88, df=4, p<0.001).

Conclusion: Forest-adjacent communities in the Kakamega-Nandi forest ecosystem complex are vulnerable to climate change as a result of insufficient knowledge about climate change and its impacts. The Kakamega-Nandi forest ecosystem is already experiencing climate change effects such as erratic rainfall and increasing food insecurity.
In-vitro Regeneration from Direct and Indirect Organogenesis of Crescentia alata Kunth an Important Multipurpose Medicinal Tree
Authors: Abinaya R.
Published: June 2021

In this present work, an in-vitro regeneration protocol for Crescentia alata (C. alata) was developed using various explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) for direct and indirect regeneration. The direct organogenesis was established from nodes and internodes on MS medium supplemented with cytokinins and auxins. The indirect organogenesis via callus phase was obtained from leaf, nodes and internodes on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of PGRs. The high frequency shoot organogenesis were achieved directly from nodal explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L BAP+0.5 mg/L KIN +1.0 mg/L NAA. Indirect organogenesis callogenic frequency was optimized at the concentration of MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP + 5.0 mg/L IAA. The callus was obtained from all the explants were used, among these explants internodal explants gave best result on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins and auxins for indirect organogenesis experiment. Indirect organogenesis the highest number of shoot regeneration was obtained in MS Basal Medium with 4.0 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L KIN + 2.0 mg/L NAA from internodal explants. For root formation the regenerative shoots which were sub cultured on MS medium containing different ratios of auxins. The rooted plantlets were transferred successfully to the pots containing sterilized soil and were successfully hardened at greenhouse condition for 20 days then exposed to the natural environment. This is the first successful micropropagation report of an efficient and rapid in-vitro clonal propagation protocol for C. alata by direct and indirect shoot organogenesis through various explants, which can be employed for conservation of this important medicinal tree species as well as the utilization of an biologically important active biomolecules. This protocol can be very useful to obtain plants from various explants, without the requirement of meristematic regions, enabling the obtainment of a higher number of plants in short period.
Hellp Syndrome and Heart Disease: A Cross Sectional Study in Jeddah- KSA
Authors: Al-Khify Hanyah Abdulhadi , Murad Manal Abdulaziz , Albeladi Fatima Ibrahim , Abousada Hoda Jehad , Muhanna Issam Shams , Aljohani Sara Khaled , Alharbi Anwaar Ayedh , Alsulaimi Abdullah Matar , Alshawmali Ghufran Mohammed , Alkhairat Ahmed Khairat , Alsahafi Baylasan Abed , Murshid Aseel Osama , Alotaibi Abdulaziz Sulaiman , Alotaibi Abdulmalik Ayed , Alzahrany Ahmed Mosa , Alqarni Saad Abdullah , Alosaimi Rakan Abdullah , Abubaker Khawbai Abdu
Published: June 2021

Background: HELLP is a potentially life-threatening conditions which has some similarity with preeclampsia therefore, it poses a challenging diagnostic and management issues for clinician. It is composed of H=hemolysis, EL=elevated liver enzymes and LP=low platelets. The aims of this study are to assess the prevalence of HELLP syndrome among Saudi Arabian, besides, assessing the risk factors related to it.

Methodology: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in kingdom of Saudi Arabia (female who previously get pregnant) from 07/08/2020 till 29/11/2020. The study was depending on using of online questionnaire assessing demographic factors including age and nationality besides disease-related information: Heart disease, Smoker patient, related risk factors of disease and DM patient.

Results: We included 457 women who agreed to participate in the study and completed the questionnaire. 36.1% of participants were aged between 25-35 years. 13.3% of the sample had reported that they are smokers and 6.1% as X-smokers while 16.8% of the sample had diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of HELLP was 38.3%. It was found that age is not a significant factor in occurrence of HELLP symptoms except in having distribution of liver function (P=0.005). Cardiac diseases are another significant risk factor in developing symptoms of HELLP especially high blood pressure where 46% of patients with cardiac disease reported having high blood pressure during pregnancy with a risk of eight times over those with no cardiac disease (OR=8.03, 95% CI=4.2100 to 15.3, P=0.000) however, it has no significant effect on developing disturbance in liver function.

Conclusion: we had found the 38.3% of females in Saudi Arabia had HELLP in their pregnancy, with increase the prevalence of some other conditions including smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and autoimmune diseases which all found to increase the risk for developing HELLP in females. More investigation is needed to explore the same prevalence using hospital based study design.
Photon Upconversion Hydrogels for 3D Optogenetics
Authors: Meir Rinat , Hirschhorn Tal , Kim Sungsoo , Fallon Kealan J. , Churchill Emily M. , Wu Dino , Yang Hee Won , Stockwell Brent R. , Campos Luis M.
Published: June 2021

The ability to optically induce biological responses in 3D has been dwarfed by the physical limitations of visible light penetration to trigger photochemical processes. However, many biological systems are relatively transparent to low‐energy light, which does not provide sufficient energy to induce photochemistry in 3D. To overcome this challenge, hydrogels that are capable of converting red or near‐IR (NIR) light into blue light within the cell‐laden 3D scaffolds are developed. The upconverted light can then excite optically active proteins in cells to trigger a photochemical response. The hydrogels operate by triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion. As proof‐of‐principle, it is found that the hydrogels trigger an optogenetic response by red/NIR irradiation of HeLa cells that have been engineered to express the blue‐light sensitive protein Cry2olig. While it is remarkable to photoinduce the clustering of Cry2olig with blanket NIR irradiation in 3D, it is also demonstrated how the hydrogels trigger clustering within a single cell with great specificity and spatiotemporal control. In principle, these hydrogels may allow for photochemical control of cell function within 3D scaffolds, which can lead to a wealth of fundamental studies and biochemical applications.
Direct Identification of Surface Bound MoO3 on Single MoS2 Flakes Heated in Dry and Humid Air
Authors: Rogala Maciej , Sokołowski Stanisław , Ukegbu Ugonna , Mierzwa Aneta , Szoszkiewicz Robert
Published: June 2021

The chemical presence of the MoOx species on single microscopic MoS2 flakes is shown at two conditions, which are of interest for future MoS2‐based devices and where their presence is not previously confirmed. First, the case of thick MoS2 flakes oxidatively etched at 350–370 °C in air is treated. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), high resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy are combined to unambiguously confirm the chemical presence of the α‐MoO3 species on such samples, mostly in the form of loose particles. Second, it is shown that MoS2 flakes heated at temperatures of only 220 °C display a quite uniform ≈2 nm thick MoOx layer at already 10% relative humidity. The presence of such MoOx oxide layers is confirmed by scratching the sample with AFM tips and performing comparative Kelvin probe force microscopy and Auger photoelectron spectroscopy on scratched‐out and untouched parts of the flakes.
Micropatterned Cell‐Repellent Interface Using Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing to Engineer Controlled Cell Organization
Authors: Yang Wenguang , Chu Honghui , Cai Shuxiang , Liang Wenfeng , Yu Haibo , Wang Yuechao , Liu Lianqing
Published: June 2021

Cell‐repellent interfaces have various applications, including microfluidic devices, biosensors, and antibiofouling surfaces. Efficient cell repellency, long‐term stability, and ability to fabricate micropatterns with cell repellency are main optimal requirements for cell‐repellent interfaces. In this study, a flexible and practical method is proposed to construct a cell‐repellent interface and engineer controlled cell organization. Using femtosecond‐laser direct writing to pattern surfaces with microcraters, it is shown that micropatterned surfaces with physical and chemical changes have outstanding characteristics of super‐hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the cell adhesion is inhibited by these features and arbitrary cell patterns are achieved by selective cell adhesion induced by the distribution of the microcrater structures. These findings suggest a high potential for directing cell organization with desired shapes to analyze the fundamental mechanism of cell adhesion.
Caregiver‐reported characteristics of children diagnosed with pathogenic variants in KDM5C
Authors: Hatch Hayden A. M. , O'Neil Molly H. , Marion Robert W. , Secombe Julie , Shulman Lisa H.
Published: June 2021

Loss of function variants in the lysine demethylase 5C (KDM5C) gene account for approximately 0.7–2.8% of X‐linked intellectual disability (ID) cases and pose significant burdens for patients and their caregivers. To date, 45 unique variants in KDM5C have been reported in individuals with ID. As a rare disorder, its etiology and natural history remain an area of active investigation, with treatment limited to symptom management. Previous studies have found that males present with moderate to severe ID with significant syndromic comorbidities such as epilepsy, short stature, and craniofacial abnormalities. Although not as well characterized, females have been reported to predominantly display mild to moderate ID with approximately half being asymptomatic. Here, we present caregiver‐reported data for 37 unrelated individuals with pathogenic variants in KDM5C; the largest cohort reported to‐date. We find that up to 70% of affected females were reported to display syndromic features including gastrointestinal dysfunction and hearing impairment. Additionally, more than half of individuals reported a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder or described features consistent with this spectrum. Our data thus provide further evidence of sexually dimorphic heterogeneity in disease presentation and suggest that pathogenic variants in KDM5C may be more common than previously assumed.
To View Your Biomolecule, Click inside the Cell
Authors: Rigolot Vincent , Biot Christophe , Lion Cedric
Published: June 2021

The surging development of bioorthogonal chemistry has profoundly transformed chemical biology over the last two decades. Involving chemical partners that specifically react together in highly complex biological fluids, this branch of chemistry now allows researchers to probe biomolecules in their natural habitat through metabolic labelling technologies. Chemical reporter strategies include metabolic glycan labelling, site‐specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids in proteins, and post‐synthetic labelling of nucleic acids. While a majority of literature reports mark cell‐surface exposed targets, implementing bioorthogonal ligations in the interior of cells constitutes a more challenging task. Owing to limiting factors such as membrane permeability of reagents, fluorescence background due to hydrophobic interactions and off‐target covalent binding, and suboptimal balance between reactivity and stability of the designed molecular reporters and probes, these strategies need mindful planning to achieve success. In this review, we discuss the hurdles encountered when targeting biomolecules localized in cell organelles and give an easily accessible summary of the strategies at hand for imaging intracellular targets.
Hydrogen‐Bond Network Determines the Early Photoisomerization Processes of Cph1 and AnPixJ Phytochromes
Authors: Liu Xiang‐Yang , Zhang Teng‐Shuo , Fang Qiu , Fang Wei‐Hai , González Leticia , Cui Ganglong
Published: June 2021

Phytochrome proteins are light receptors that play a pivotal role in regulating the life cycles of plants and microorganisms. Intriguingly, while cyanobacterial phytochrome Cph1 and cyanobacteriochrome AnPixJ use the same phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophore to absorb light, their excited‐state behavior is very different. We employ multiscale calculations to rationalize the different early photoisomerization mechanisms of PCB in Cph1 and AnPixJ. We found that their electronic S1, T1, and S0 potential minima exhibit distinct geometric and electronic structures due to different hydrogen bond networks with the protein environment. These specific interactions influence the S1 electronic structures along the photoisomerization paths, ultimately leading to internal conversion in Cph1 but intersystem crossing in AnPixJ. This explains why the excited‐state relaxation in AnPixJ is much slower (ca. 100 ns) than in Cph1 (ca. 30 ps). Further, we predict that efficient internal conversion in AnPixJ can be achieved upon protonating the carboxylic group that interacts with PCB.
Zielgerichtete bakterielle Lokalisation und infektionsinduzierte Freisetzung von antibiotischen Colistin‐Konjugaten
Authors: Tegge Werner , Guerra Giulia , Höltke Alexander , Schiller Lauritz , Beutling Ulrike , Harmrolfs Kirsten , Gröbe Lothar , Wullenkord Hannah , Xu Chunfa , Weich Herbert , Brönstrup Mark
Published: June 2021

Um die Selektivität potenter und zugleich toxischer Antibiotika zu erhöhen, wurde eine Konjugationsstrategie entwickelt, die eine Anreicherung des Wirkstoffs am Infektionsort und seine anschließende infektionsvermittelte Freisetzung beinhaltet. Es wurde ein modifiziertes Fragment des humanen antimikrobiellen Peptids Ubiquicidin eingesetzt, dessen Akkumulation am Bakterium durch Fluorophor‐markierte Varianten visualisiert werden konnte. Um die Freisetzung von Colistin räumlich auf den Ort der Infektion zu begrenzen, wurde ein optimierter Linker verwendet, der mit hoher Effizienz durch das Enzym neutrophile Elastase (NE) gespalten wird. Die NE wird von humanen Immunzellen (neutrophilen Granulozyten) direkt am Infektionsherd freigesetzt. Die beste Anbindung an Colistin wurde anhand von fünf regioisomeren Konjugaten, die durch Totalsynthese hergestellt wurden, ermittelt. Die antibakterielle Aktivität der Konjugate war zunächst maskiert, konnte aber durch rekombinante NE freigesetzt werden, wenn sich der Linker an den Aminogruppen in 1‐ oder 3‐ Position befand. Eine Validierung des Konzepts gelang in Cokulturen von primären humanen Neutrophilen und Escherichia coli.