bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEGATIVE ION MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF N‐LINKED GLYCANS
Authors: Harvey David J.
Published: April 2020

N‐glycans from glycoproteins are complex, branched structures whose structural determination presents many analytical problems. Mass spectrometry, usually conducted in positive ion mode, often requires extensive sample manipulation, usually by derivatization such as permethylation, to provide the necessary structure‐revealing fragment ions. The newer but, so far, lesser used negative ion techniques, on the contrary, provide a wealth of structural information not present in positive ion spectra that greatly simplify the analysis of these compounds and can usually be conducted without the need for derivatization. This review describes the use of negative ion mass spectrometry for the structural analysis of N‐linked glycans and emphasises the many advantages that can be gained by this mode of operation. Biosynthesis and structures of the compounds are described followed by methods for release of the glycans from the protein. Methods for ionization are discussed with emphasis on matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and methods for producing negative ions from neutral compounds. Acidic glycans naturally give deprotonated species under most ionization conditions. Fragmentation of negative ions is discussed next with particular reference to those ions that are diagnostic for specific features such as the branching topology of the glycans and substitution positions of moieties such as fucose and sulfate, features that are often difficult to identify easily by conventional techniques such as positive ion fragmentation and exoglycosidase digestions. The advantages of negative over positive ions for this structural work are emphasised with an example of a series of glycans where all other methods failed to produce a structure. Fragmentation of derivatized glycans is discussed next, both with respect to derivatives at the reducing terminus of the molecules, and to methods for neutralization of the acidic groups on sialic acids to both stabilize them for MALDI analysis and to produce the diagnostic fragments seen with the neutral glycans. The use of ion mobility, combined with conventional mass spectrometry is described with emphasis on its use to extract clean glycan spectra both before and after fragmentation, to separate isomers and its use to extract additional information from separated fragment ions. A section on applications follows with examples of the identification of novel structures from lower organisms and tables listing the use of negative ions for structural identification of specific glycoproteins, glycans from viruses and uses in the biopharmaceutical industry and in medicine. The review concludes with a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev
A novel model of nonlocal thermoelasticity with time derivatives of higher order
Authors: Abouelregal Ahmed E.
Published: April 2020

The objective of this work is to introduce a new system of differential equations describing the nonlocal thermoelasticity theory with higher time derivatives and two‐phase lags. In order to obtain this model, we used the nonlocal continuum theory proposed by Eringen and the methodology of the Taylor series expansion of higher‐order time derivatives. Some generalized thermoelasticity theories follow as limited cases. This model is used to study the thermoelastic interaction in a nonlocal medium. The medium is exposed to an applied magnetic field and a periodic time heat source with a constant strength. Some comparisons have been displayed in figures to estimate the influences of the nonlocal parameter and magnetic field as well as the parameters of higher‐order on all the field quantities.
Performance analysis of multicore multimode fiber for passive optical network
Authors: Goyal Shivani , Kaler Rajinder S. , Singh Hardeep
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate the first multicore multimode fiber (MC‐MMF) for passive optical network, efficiently utilizing the space division multiplexing to reduce the upstream traffic losses by eliminating the need of multiple feeder fibers. From the simulation results, the error‐free performance is achieved for upstream transmission over 18 modes of MC‐MMF. The differential group delay per unit length of fiber is also analyzed at different modes of MC‐MMF with attenuation per unit length of fiber, respectively.
Diabetic polyneuropathy and the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome: A nationwide, population‐based study
Authors: Moon Hyun Im , Shin Jaeyong , Kim Yong Wook , Chang Jee Suk , Yoon SeoYeon
Published: April 2020

Background

We investigated the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN).

Methods

This study was conducted using records from the National Health Insurance System (NHIS). We divided patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) into those with and without DPN. We assessed the effect of DPN on the risk of CTS using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.

Results

DPN was associated with an increased risk of CTS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.58). In sub‐analyses, female gender (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.20–1.76), presence of type 2 DM (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11–1.64), and age 35 to 64 years (HR 1.35; 95% CI, 1.11–1.64) were significantly associated with an increased risk of CTS.

Conclusions

Patients with DPN had an increased risk of CTS compared with the non‐DPN group, particularly females, those with type 2 DM, and those aged 35 to 64 years.
The care of patients with Duchenne, Becker, and other muscular dystrophies in the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Veerapandiyan Aravindhan , Wagner Kathryn R. , Apkon Susan , McDonald Craig M. , Mathews Katherine D. , Parsons Julie A. , Wong Brenda L. , Eichinger Katy , Shieh Perry B. , Butterfield Russell J. , Rao Vamshi K. , Smith Edward C. , Proud Crystal M. , Connolly Anne M. , Ciafaloni Emma
Published: April 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has resulted in the reorganization of health‐care settings affecting clinical care delivery to patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DBMD) as well as other inherited muscular dystrophies. The magnitude of the impact of this public health emergency on the care of patients with DBMD is unclear as they are suspected of having an increased risk for severe manifestations of COVID‐19. In this article, the authors discuss their consensus recommendations pertaining to care of these patients during the pandemic. We address issues surrounding corticosteroid and exon‐skipping treatments, cardiac medications, hydroxychloroquine use, emergency/respiratory care, rehabilitation management, and the conduct of clinical trials. We highlight the importance of collaborative treatment decisions between the patient, family, and health‐care provider, considering any geographic or institution‐specific policies and precautions for COVID‐19. We advocate for continuing multidisciplinary care for these patients using telehealth.
Potential effects of a high CO2 future on leguminous species
Authors: Singer Stacy D. , Chatterton Syama , Soolanayakanahally Raju Y. , Subedi Udaya , Chen Guanqun , Acharya Surya N.
Published: April 2020

Why this research Matters

Legumes provide an important source of food and feed due to their high protein levels and many health benefits, and also impart environmental and agronomic advantages as a consequence of their ability to fix nitrogen through their symbiotic relationship with rhizobia. As a result of our growing population, the demand for products derived from legumes will likely expand considerably in coming years. Since there is little scope for increasing production area, improving the productivity of such crops in the face of climate change will be essential. While a growing number of studies have assessed the effects of climate change on legume yield, there is a paucity of information regarding the direct impact of elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) itself, which is a main driver of climate change and has a substantial physiological effect on plants. In this review, we discuss current knowledge regarding the influence of e[CO2] on the photosynthetic process, as well as biomass production, seed yield, quality, and stress tolerance in legumes, and examine how these responses differ from those observed in non‐nodulating plants. Although these relationships are proving to be extremely complex, mounting evidence suggests that under limiting conditions, overall declines in many of these parameters could ensue. While further research will be required to unravel precise mechanisms underlying e[CO2] responses of legumes, it is clear that integrating such knowledge into legume breeding programs will be indispensable for achieving yield gains by harnessing the potential positive effects, and minimizing the detrimental impacts, of CO2 in the future.
Using collaborative logic analysis evaluation to test the program theory of an intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment for youth with pain‐related disability
Authors: Hurtubise Karen , Brousselle Astrid , Camden Chantal
Published: April 2020

Intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) involves multiple stakeholders. Mapping the program components to its anticipated outcomes (ie, its theory) can be difficult and requires stakeholder engagement. Evidence is lacking, however, on how best to engage them. Logic analysis, a theory‐based evaluation, that tests the coherence of a program theory using scientific evidence and experiential knowledge may hold some promise. Its use is rare in pediatric pain interventions, and few methodological details are available. This article provides a description of a collaborative logic analysis methodology used to test the theoretical plausibility of an IIPT designed for youth with pain‐related disability. A 3‐step direct logic analysis process was used. A 13‐member expert panel, composed of clinicians, teachers, managers, youth with pain‐related disability, and their parents, were engaged in each step. First, a logic model was constructed through document analysis, expert panel surveys, and focus‐group discussions. Then, a scoping review, focused on pediatric self‐management, building self‐efficacy, and fostering participation, helped create a conceptual framework. An examination of the logic model against the conceptual framework by the expert panel followed, and recommendations were formulated. Overall, the collaborative logic analysis process helped raiseawareness of clinicians’ assumptions about the program causal mechanisms, identified program components most valued by youth and their parents, recognized the program features supported by scientific and experiential knowledge, detected gaps, and highlighted emerging trends. In addition to providing a consumer‐focused program evaluation option, collaborative logic analysis methodology holds promise as a strategy to engage stakeholders and to translate pediatric pain rehabilitation evaluation research knowledge to key stakeholders.
High affinity between CREBBP/p300 and NCOA evolved in vertebrates
Authors: Karlsson Elin , Lindberg Amanda , Andersson Eva , Jemth Per
Published: April 2020

The interaction between the transcriptional coactivators CREBBP/p300 and NCOA is governed by two intrinsically disordered domains called NCBD and CID, respectively. The CID domain emerged within the NCOA protein in deuterostome animals (including vertebrates) after their split from the protostomes (molluscs, worms, and arthropods). However, it has not been clear at which point a high affinity interaction evolved within the deuterostome clade and whether all present‐day deuterostome animals have a high affinity NCBD:CID interaction. We have here expressed and measured affinity for NCBD and CID domains from animal species representing different evolutionary branches of the deuterostome tree. While all vertebrate species have high‐affinity NCBD:CID interactions we found that the interaction in the echinoderm purple sea urchin is of similar affinity as that of the proposed ancestral domains. Our findings demonstrate that the high‐affinity NCBD:CID interaction likely evolved in the vertebrate branch and question whether the interaction between CREBBP/p300 and NCOA is essential in nonvertebrate deuterostomes. The data provide an example of evolution of transcriptional regulation through protein‐domain based inventions.
Negligible Substrate‐Induced Strain Effects on Magnetic Properties of SrRuO3 Thin Films
Authors: Lee Seung Ran , Anwar Muhammad Shahbaz , Shin Yeong Jae , Lee Min-Cheol , Sugimoto Yusuke , Kunieda Masanao , Yonezawa Shingo , Maeno Yoshiteru , Noh Tae Won
Published: April 2020

SrRuO3 is known to exhibit strong magnetocrystalline effect, which enables us to control its magnetic properties using lattice engineering. The magnetocrystalline effect of SrRuO3 is systematically investigated under both compressive and tensile strain by depositing SrRuO3 thin films on various oxide substrates with different in‐plane lattice mismatch. All SrRuO3 films have high crystallinity with flat interface and surface. It is found that out‐of‐plane lattice constant is decreased with increasing strain. Moreover, unit cell volume decreases with strain due to structural distortion attributable to RuO6 octahedral distortion as theoretically expected. However, magnetization does not match to any of the theoretical models only considering structural changes; at current stage, internal interactions rather than structural changes seem critical in determining the magnetization of the SrRuO3 films. This study can play a crucial role in understanding internal correlations of magnetic properties in ruthenate films and can trigger research on magnetic functionality.
Active packaging technology to retain storage quality of pear cv. “Bartlett” during shelf‐life periods under ambient holding after periodic cold storage
Authors: Kumar Satish , Thakur Kamal S.
Published: April 2020

Response of “Bartlett” pears harvested at commercial maturity (104.29‐N firmness and 3.15 starch iodine rating) to various active packaging conditions using O2 (Fe powder) and ethylene (KMnO4) scavenger sachets in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) film bags (25.4 and 50.8 μm), cold storage (2 ± 1°C with 95 ± 2%), and shelf‐life holding periods under ambient conditions (24 ± 3°C; 68 ± 5% relative humidity [RH]) was recorded as changes in physic chemical parameters. The fruits were packed in 25.4‐ and 50.8‐μm LDPE film bags containing 5%, 10%, and 15% Fe and KMnO4 powder incorporated on silica as inert carrier in form of sachets. After packaging the fruits airtight in film bags, they were placed in corrugated fiber board (CFB) boxes (29 × 23 × 14 cm; L × B × H). Fruits packed in 50.8‐μm LDPE film bags with sachets containing 15% Fe powder recorded maximum fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid with minimum spoilage, weight loss (physiological loss of weight [PLW]), pectin methylesterase (PME), polygalacturonase (PG) activity, and respiration rate and increase in fruit calcium content and highest level of overall acceptability (color, taste, aroma, and texture) after periodic cold storage and ambient shelf‐life periods. The effect of different treatments was compared by post hoc analysis using Tukey's test, which also revealed significant differences among different treatments. Our findings also revealed that pear fruit retains edible quality until fruit firmness > 30.89 N, TSS > 10.0%, and weight loss < 9.00%.
The Integration of Photonic Crystal Waveguides with Atom Arrays in Optical Tweezers
Authors: Luan Xingsheng , Béguin Jean‐Baptiste , Burgers Alex P. , Qin Zhongzhong , Yu Su‐Peng , Kimble Harry J.
Published: April 2020

Integrating nanophotonics and cold atoms has drawn increasing interest in recent years due to diverse applications in quantum information science and the exploration of quantum many‐body physics. For example, dispersion‐engineered photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) permit not only stable trapping and probing of ultracold neutral atoms via interactions with guided‐mode light, but also the possibility to explore the physics of strong, photon‐mediated interactions between atoms, as well as atom‐mediated interactions between photons. While diverse theoretical opportunities involving atoms and photons in 1D and 2D nanophotonic lattices have been analyzed, a grand challenge remains the experimental integration of PCWs with ultracold atoms. Here, an advanced apparatus that overcomes several significant barriers to current experimental progress is described, with the goal of achieving strong quantum interactions of light and matter by way of single‐atom tweezer arrays strongly coupled to photons in 1D and 2D PCWs. Principal technical advances relate to efficient free‐space coupling of light to and from guided modes of PCWs, silicate bonding of silicon chips within small glass vacuum cells, and deterministic, mechanical delivery of single‐atom tweezer arrays to the near fields of photonic crystal waveguides.
An Azo Dye Based D‐π‐A Chromogenic Probe for Selective Naked‐Eye Detection of Hg2+ Ion: Application in Logic Gate Operation
Authors: Tripathy Madhusmita , Subuddhi Usharani , Patel Sabita
Published: April 2020

The current work describes the selective colorimetric detection of metal ions using a simple azo dye (L1) containing donor‐π‐acceptor framework. In this chromogenic probe, salicylaldehyde is used as donor and nitrobenzene group as acceptor unit. L1 is found to show selective recognition of mercuric ion both visually and spectrophotometrically with no interference from environmentally relevant metal ions in DMSO‐water mixture. It exhibits reddish‐pink colour in DMSO‐water medium as a result of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the electron donating phenolic group to electron withdrawing nitrobenzene group. It selectively binds with Hg2+ even in presence of other interfering metal ions and form a 1 : 1 L1‐Hg2+ adduct. It is evident from a change in colour along with a decrease of ICT absorption band and hypsochromic shift of π‐π* band. The binding of the chemosensor and mercuric ion through the salicylaldehyde unit is proved from 1H‐NMR data and DFT calculations. Using UV‐Vis spectroscopic technique the detection limit and binding constant values are calculated to be 6 μM and 3.3 x 103 M−1 respectively. Hg2+ probing process displays reversibility upon addition of fluoride ion. The on‐off‐on colorimetric change on sequential addition of Hg2+ and F− mimics an IMPLICATION type logic gate.
Palladium‐Supported Nanoceria: A Highly Efficient Catalyst for Solvent‐Free Selective Oxidation of Ethylbenzene to Acetophenone
Authors: Kalita Lisamoni , Saikia Lakshi
Published: April 2020

The benzylic C−H oxidation of ethylbenzene, a toxic petroleum waste, to high value‐added acetophenone is a fundamental yet important chemical transformation. Herein, palladium nanoparticles were immobilized on a highly mesoporous CeO2 surface for enhancing the catalytic activity. The Pd/CeO2nanocomposite was employed in the benzylic C−H oxidation of ethylbenzene under solvent‐free conditions and using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant which displayed high conversion of 99.8% and a selectivity of 79% towards acetophenone. Moreover, the Pd/CeO2 catalysts were highly stable and could be recycled up to the fifth catalytic cycle without remarkable loss in its catalytic activity.
Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Hydrogen Peroxide Assay for Versatile Metabolite Biosensing in Whole Blood
Authors: Matoori Simon , Mooney David J.
Published: April 2020

In emergency medicine, blood lactate levels are commonly measured to assess the severity and response to treatment of hypoperfusion‐related diseases (e.g., sepsis, trauma, cardiac arrest). Clinical blood lactate testing is conducted with laboratory analyzers, leading to a delay of 3 h between triage and lactate result. Here, a fluorescence‐based blood lactate assay, which can be utilized for bedside testing, based on measuring the hydrogen peroxide generated by the enzymatic oxidation of lactate is described. To establish a hydrogen peroxide assay, near‐infrared cyanine derivatives are screened and sulfo‐cyanine 7 is identified as a new horseradish peroxidase (HRP) substrate, which loses its fluorescence in presence of HRP and hydrogen peroxide. As hydrogen peroxide is rapidly cleared by erythrocytic catalase and glutathione peroxidase, sulfo‐cyanine 7, HRP, and lactate oxidase are encapsulated in a liposomal reaction compartment. In lactate‐spiked bovine whole blood, the newly developed lactate assay exhibits a linear response in a clinically relevant range after 10 min. Substituting lactate oxidase with glucose and alcohol oxidase allows for blood glucose, ethanol, and methanol biosensing, respectively. This easy‐to‐use, rapid, and versatile assay may be useful for the quantification of a variety of enzymatically oxidizable metabolites, drugs, and toxic substances in blood and potentially other biological fluids.
Readiness model for requirements change management in global software development
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Azeem , Mahmood Sajjad , Huang Zhiqiu , Khan Arif Ali , Shameem Mohammad
Published: April 2020

Requirements Change Management (RCM) is one of the challenges faced by Global Software Development (GSD) organisations as requirements evolution is inevitable due to dynamic business and operating environments. GSD organisations face issues when dealing with RCM because many organisations embark on GSD without understanding their readiness to undertake such an initiative. Currently, there is no readiness model to assess the RCM process in the context of GSD. The objective of this study is to develop a requirements change management readiness model (RCMRM) for GSD organisations. A Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) was conducted to identify the primary studies related to RCM in the GSD projects. By using SMS, 109 primary studies were selected and 73 RCM practices were identified which were used to design the readiness levels of the proposed RCMRM. To validate the RCMRM, initially, two case studies were conducted in two GSD organisations. Based on the suggestions and recommendations of the case study participants,the RCMRM was further modified. The updated version of RCMRM was further validated by two different GSD organisations. The results of the second case study indicate that RCMRM is effective in assessing the readiness of the RCM process in the context of GSD.
A review on the computation offloading approaches in mobile edge computing: A game‐theoreticperspective
Authors: Shakarami Ali , Shahidinejad Ali , Ghobaei‐Arani Mostafa
Published: April 2020

In recent years, novel mobile applications such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and three‐dimensional gaming, running on handy mobile devices have been pervasively popular. With rapid developments of such mobile applications, decentralized mobile edge computing (MEC) as an emerging distributed computing paradigm is developed for serving them near the smart devices, usually in one hop, to meet their computation, and delay requirements. In the literature, offloading mechanisms are designed to execute such mobile applications in the MEC environments through transferring resource‐intensive tasks to the MEC servers. On the other hand, due to the resource limitations, resource heterogeneity, dynamic nature, and unpredictable behavior of MEC environments, it is necessary to consider the computation offloading issues as the challenging problem in the MEC environment. However, to the best of our knowledge, despite its importance, there is not any systematic, comprehensive, and detailed survey in game theory (GT)‐based computation offloading mechanisms in the MEC environment. In this article, we provide a systematic literature review on the GT‐based computation offloading approaches in the MEC environment in the form of a classical taxonomy to recognize the state‐of‐the‐art mechanisms on this important topic and to provide open issues as well. The proposed taxonomy is classified into four main fields: classical game mechanisms, auction theory, evolutionary game mechanisms, and hybrid‐base game mechanisms. Next, these classes are compared with each other according to the important factors such as performance metrics, case studies, utilized techniques, and evaluation tools, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed, as well. Finally, open issues and future uncovered or weakly covered research challenges are discussed and the survey is concluded.
Understanding and improving the usefulness of conceptual systems: An Integrative Propositional Analysis‐based perspective on levels of structure and emergence
Authors: Wallis Steven E.
Published: April 2020

Terms like ‘levels’ and ‘nested’ are used to describe relationships between components of conceptual systems (theories, models etc.). However, they have not been fully explored. This paper investigates levels to better understand how theories are structured and so how we may develop more useful theories and models to better support more effective practice. We find a horizontal dimension (represented by causal connections between concepts at one ontological level) and a vertical dimension (represented by connections of emergence between concepts of differing ontological levels). This view of emergence offers a new way to structurally distinguish between conceptual components of a theory, thus supporting a new approach to building theories that better reflects our systemic world. A third, perspectival, approach may be applied to aid in the understanding of both dimensions. A typology is proposed as are conventions for diagramming theories and new criteria for improving the structure of theories.
Influence of organic UV absorber on the accelerated weathering stability of UV curing coating based on acrylate urethane resin
Authors: Vuong Nguyen Thien , Nguyet Ha Minh , Linh Dang Thi My
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the photoprotective efficiency of organic UV absorber Tinuvin 384 (T384) on the photocurable acrylate urethane coating under the accelerated weathering condition. The coatings without and with 2 wt.% T384 were examined by UV/CON accelerated weathering testing device. The aging of the coatings was assessed by IR and FE‐SEM analysis as well as the measurement of mechanical and weight loss. The obtained results showed that due to the photoprotection of T384, the urethane acrylate coating was stable under the effect of accelerated weathering factors. After 48 cycles of aging, the CH and CNH groups, the abrasion resistance and the weight of the paint films containing 2 wt.% T384 were slightly decreased. Its surface was damaged just a little, while that of the coating without T384 was severely degraded.
Synthesis and computational mechanistic studies of copper selective molecular receptor
Authors: Mohan Brij , Modi Krunal , Patel Chirag , Kumar Sandeep , Sharma Harish Kumar
Published: April 2020

Although numerous molecular receptors for Cu2+ have been reported, it is not obvious to find a simple molecule as a selective receptor for Cu2+. Here we create a molecular receptor 4MHEB for Cu2+ metal ions. Observation of a new absorption band near 282 nm in UV‐visible spectra and enhancement in fluorescence intensity in emission spectra justify the binding 4MHEB:Cu2+ binding. Inspection in shifting of IR bands, different thermal behavior and oxidation and reduction peaks of complex shows binding of 4MHEB:Cu2+. HRMS m/z 322.0328, Benesi‐Hildebrand method and Job's Plot results 1:1 (4MHEB:Cu2+) binding stoichiometry with the binding affinity K = 1.751×105 M‐1. The docked pose of 4MHEB with Cu2+ ion, Key transitions, % Contribution was calculated by computational studies.
Correlation between IRC7 gene expression and 4‐mercapto‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐one production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Authors: Tofalo Rosanna , Perpetuini Giorgia , Battistelli Noemi , Tittarelli Fabrizia , Suzzi Giovanna
Published: April 2020

Volatile thiols are not present in must but are synthesized and released by wine yeasts during alcoholic fermentation. In this study, autochthonous and commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were characterized for the expression of the main genes involved in thiols metabolism and their production in wine. New primer sets were developed on the basis of the S288c genome to evaluate the expression of Cys3, Cys4, MET17 and IRC7 genes. Obtained data revealed the occurrence of some thiols, for example, 4‐mercapto‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐one (4‐MMP) and 3‐mercaptohexan‐1‐ol (3‐MH) in Pecorino white wine. All genes were upregulated, but only for IRC7 was found a correlation with 4‐MMP release: strains with the highest production showed the highest transcription level. IRC7 gene could be proposed as target for the selection of S. cerevisiae strains to increase thiols content in wine.
Linear-T resistivity from low to high temperature: axion-dilaton theories
Authors: Ahn Yongjun , Jeong Hyun-Sik , Ahn Dujin , Kim Keun-Young
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The linear-T resistivity is one of the hallmarks of various strange metals regardless of their microscopic details. Towards understanding this universal property, the holographic method or gauge/gravity duality has made much progress. Most holographic models have focused on the low temperature limit, where the linear-T resistivity has been explained by the infrared geometry. We extend this analysis to high temperature and identify the conditions for a robust linear-T resistivity up to high temperature. This extension is important because, in experiment, the linear-T resistivity is observed in a large range of temperatures, up to room temperature. In the axion-dilaton theories we find that, to have a robust linear-T resistivity, the strong momentum relaxation is a necessary condition, which agrees with the previous results for the Guber-Rocha model. However, it is not sufficient in the sense that, among large range of parameters giving a linear-T resistivity in low temperature limit, only very limited parameters can support the linear-T resistivity up to high temperature even in strong momentum relaxation. We also show that the incoherent term in the general holographic conductivity formula or the coupling between the dilaton and Maxwell term is responsible for a robust linear-T resistivity up to high temperature.
All-suture anchor pullout results in decreased bone damage and depends on cortical thickness
Authors: Ntalos Dimitris , Huber G. , Sellenschloh K. , Saito H. , Püschel K. , Morlock M. M. , Frosch K. H. , Klatte T. O.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the influence of cortical and cancellous bone structure on the biomechanical properties of all-suture and conventional anchors and compare the morphological bone damage after their failure. The hypothesis of the study is that all-suture anchor pullout is less invasive and that the pullout force is influenced by the cortical thickness.

Methods

Thirty human humeri were biomechanically tested as follows: starting with a load cycle from 20 to 50 N, a stepwise increase of the upper peak force by 0.05 N for each cycle at a rate of 1 Hz was performed. Analysis included maximum pullout strength for three different anchor implantation angles (45°, 90°, 110°) of the two anchor types. After anchor pullout, every sample underwent micro-CT analysis. Bone mineral density (BMD) and cortical thickness were determined at the anchor implantation site. Furthermore, the diameter of the cortical defect and the volume of the bone cavity were identified.

Results

The maximum pullout strength of all-suture anchors demonstrates a strong correlation to the adjacent cortical thickness (r = 0.82, p ≤ 0.05) with at least 0.4 mm needed to withstand 200 N. No correlation could be seen in conventional anchors. Moreover, no correlation could be detected for local BMD in both anchors. All-suture anchors show a significantly narrower cortical defect as well as a smaller bone cavity following pullout (4.3 ± 1.3 mm vs. 5.3 ± 0.9 mm, p = 0.037; 141 mm3 vs. 212 mm3; p = 0.009). The cortical defect is largest if the anchors are placed at a 45° angle.

Conclusion

In contrast to conventional anchors, the pullout force of all-suture anchors depends on the thickness of the humeral cortex. Furthermore, all-suture anchors show a significantly smaller cortical defect as well as decreased bone damage in the case of pullout. Therefore, the clinical implication of this study is that all-suture anchors are advantageous due to their bone preserving ability. Also, intraoperative decortication should not be performed and cortical thickness should be preoperatively evaluated to decrease the risk of anchor failure.
A phase II study of ibrutinib in combination with rituximab-cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin hydrochloride-vincristine sulfate-prednisone therapy in Epstein-Barr virus-positive, diffuse large B cell lymphoma (54179060LYM2003: IVORY study): results of the final analysis
Authors: Yoon Sang Eun , Kim Seok Jin , Yoon Dok Hyun , Koh Youngil , Mun Yeung-Chul , Do Young Rok , Choi Yoon Seok , Yang Deok Hwan , Kim Min Kyoung , Lee Gyeong-Won , Suh Cheolwon , Ko Young Hyeh , Kim Won Seog
Published: April 2020

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positivity in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) provokes a critical oncogenic mechanism to activate intracellular signaling by LMP1. LMP1 specifically mimics the role of BTK-dependent B cell receptor. Therefore, a trial considering RCHOP therapy along with ibrutinib (I-RCHOP) in combination was conducted among patients with EBV-positive DLBCL. This study was an open-label, single-arm, prospective multicenter phase II clinical trial. Patients received 560 mg of ibrutinib with RCHOP every 3 weeks until 6 cycles were completed or progression or unacceptable toxicity was observed. The primary endpoint was objective response, while secondary endpoints included toxicity, progression-free survival, and overall survival. A matched case-control analysis was completed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of I-RCHOP and RCHOP, respectively, in EBV-positive DLBCL patients. From September 2016 to August 2019, 24 patients proven to have EBV-positive DLBCL in the tissue were enrolled and received I-RCHOP. Their median age was 58 years (range, 28–84 years). The objective overall response was 66.7%, including 16 patients who achieved complete response after 6 cycles. Patients aged younger than 65 years presented a superior OR (87.5%) as compared with those older than 65 years (25.0%; p = 0.01). In a matched case-control study, I-RCHOP therapy provoked a more favorable complete response rate (87.3%) than did RCHOP (68.8%) in those younger than 65 years. Treatment-related mortality was linked most frequently with I-RCHOP therapy (four patients presented with unusual infection without Gr3/4 neutropenia) in the older age group (age ≥ 65 years). In conclusion, in this phase II trial for EBV-positive DLBCL, I-RCHOP was effective but did not show a significant improvement in response and survival in comparison with RCHOP. Also, I-RCHOP promoted serious toxicity and treatment-related death in older patients.
Local and regional environmental factors drive the spatial distribution of phototrophic biofilm assemblages in Mediterranean streams
Authors: Witteveen Nina H. , Freixa Anna , Sabater Sergi
Published: April 2020

Temporary streams are submitted to high seasonal hydrological variations which induce habitat fragmentation. Global change promotes longer non-flow periods, affecting hydrological continuity and the distribution of biological assemblages in river networks. We aimed to investigate the effects of hydrological discontinuity on phototrophic biofilm assemblages in a Mediterranean stream, at both network and habitat scales. At the network scale during basal flow conditions, mostly nitrate and DOC concentrations were associated to the taxonomical and trait distribution of algae and cyanobacterial assemblages. Cyanobacteria dominated at the upstream and downstream sites of the network, while green algae and diatoms were abundant in its middle part. At the habitat scale, hydrological discontinuity promoted large changes in biofilm composition between riffles and pools, where pools were inhabited preferentially by green algae and riffle habitats by cyanobacteria. Our findings emphasize the myriad of factors affecting the spatial distribution of phototrophic biofilms, which become more heterogeneous according to water flow interruption. Under the predicted climate change scenarios, spatial heterogeneity in temporary streams may increase, which will lead to change phototrophic biofilm assemblages.
Stability and attrition in American Norwegian nominals: a view from predicate nouns
Authors: Kinn Kari
Published: April 2020

This study investigates the extent to which speakers of American Norwegian (AmNo), a heritage language spoken in the United States and Canada, use the indefinite article in classifying predicate constructions (‘He is (a) doctor’). Despite intense contact with English, which uses the indefinite article, most AmNo speakers have retained bare nouns, i.e., the pattern of Norwegian as spoken in Norway. However, a minority of the speakers use the indefinite article to some extent. I argue that generally, this use of the indefinite article has arisen through attrition (i.e., a change during the lifetime of individuals), not through divergent attainment causing systematic, parametric change in the Norwegian grammar of these speakers. I also argue that representational economy is one of the factors that may have contributed to the relative stability of bare nouns.
Typicality and Minutis Rectis Laws: From Physics to Sociology
Authors: Wagner Gerhard
Published: April 2020

This paper contributes to the clarification of the concept of “typicality” discussed in contemporary philosophy of physics by conceiving the nomological status of a typical behaviour such as that expressed in the Second Law of Thermodynamics as a “minutis rectis law”. A brief sketch of the discovery of “typicality” shows that there were ideas of typical behaviour not only in physics but also in sociology. On this basis and in analogy to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, it is shown that the nomological status of sociological laws such as Gresham’s Law can also be conceived as “minutis rectis laws”.
Tonal marking of absolutive case in Samoan
Authors: Yu Kristine M.
Published: April 2020

Samoan is an ergative-marking, (reportedly) non-tonal Polynesian language in which ergative case is marked segmentally, but absolutive case has been said to be unmarked. This paper shows that in fact, a high edge tone co-occurs with absolutive arguments, based on converging evidence from the phonetic and phonological analysis of intonational patterns in the spoken utterances of a systematically varied set of syntactic structures. This empirical observation raises puzzles that probe the nature of the syntax-prosody interface and the relation between tone and intonation: what is the relation between this absolutive high edge tone and: (i) other case markers in Samoan, which are all segmental?, and (ii) other high edge tones in Samoan that co-occur with fronted expressions and coordination? I propose that: (i) the absolutive high edge tone is a tonal case marker that may be related to an apparently moribund stressed, segmental absolutive particle [ˈia], (ii) the high tones that co-occur with absolutives, fronting, and coordination are all syntactically determined and each inserted in the spellout of distinct syntactic configurations, and (iii) there is another class of edge tones which reliably co-occur with pauses—intonational phrase boundary tones—that are not inserted in spellout but by the phonological grammar. While my proposal may seem surprising at first, I show that it fits the current data better than any alternative.
Comparison of dual based optimization methods for distributed trajectory optimization of coupled semi-batch processes
Authors: Maxeiner Lukas Samuel , Engell Sebastian
Published: April 2020

The physical and virtual connectivity of systems via flows of energy, material, information, etc., steadily increases. This paper deals with systems of sub-systems that are connected by networks of shared resources that have to be balanced. For the optimal operation of the overall system, the couplings between the sub-systems must be taken into account, and the overall optimum will usually deviate from the local optima of the sub-systems. However, for reasons, such as problem size, confidentiality, resilience to breakdowns, or generally when dealing with autonomous systems, monolithic optimization is often infeasible. In this contribution, iterative distributed optimization methods based on dual decomposition where the values of the objective functions of the different sub-systems do not have to be shared are investigated. We consider connected dynamic systems that share resources. This situation arises for continuous processes in transient conditions between different steady states and in inherently discontinuous processes, such as batch production processes. This problem is challenging since small changes during the iterations towards the satisfaction of the overarching constraints can lead to significant changes in the arc structures of the optimal solutions for the sub-systems. Moreover, meeting endpoint constraints at free final times complicates the problem. We propose a solution strategy for coupled semi-batch processes and compare different numerical approaches, the sub-gradient method, ADMM, and ALADIN, and show that convexification of the sub-systems around feasible points increases the speed of convergence while using second-order information does not necessarily do so. Since sharing of resources has an influence on whether trajectory dependent terminal constraints can be satisfied, we propose a heuristic for the computation of free final times of the sub-systems that allows the dynamic sub-processes to meet the constraints. For the example of several semi-batch reactors which are coupled via a bound on the total feed flow rate, we demonstrate that the distributed methods converge to (local) optima and highlight the strengths and the weaknesses of the different distributed optimization methods.
Practice makes perfect: Practice engagement theory and the development of adult literacy and numeracy proficiency
Authors: Reder Stephen , Gauly Britta , Lechner Clemens
Published: April 2020

Practice engagement theory (PET) posits that individuals’ literacy proficiencies develop as a by-product of their engagement in everyday reading and writing practices and, reciprocally, that literacy proficiencies affect levels of engagement in reading and writing practices. This suggests that literacy training which increases engagement in meaningful practices might generate proficiency growth. Research has shown that this approach does indeed seem to be effective in improving (adult) learners’ literacy proficiency. A number of cross-sectional comparisons of participants’ and non-participants’ performance in various training activities, as well as quantitative modelling of adults’ proficiency growth in longitudinal studies have confirmed the theoretical assumptions of PET. The authors of this article describe the first application of PET to literacy and numeracy development in a longitudinal study of a nationally representative adult population. Their investigation followed a sample of adults initially interviewed and assessed in the German component of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), adding longitudinal data from three additional waves of the national extension study (PIAAC-L), which included repeated assessments of literacy and numeracy proficiency over a period of three years. The authors’ quantitative modelling of the growth of literacy and numeracy proficiency over time provides strong support for PET. Their comparisons of how various practice engagement indexes predict growth of literacy and numeracy proficiencies indicate that reading engagement is the strongest predictor of literacy growth and maths engagement is the strongest predictor of numeracy growth. The authors conclude their article by considering their findings’ implications for sustainable development, lifelong learning policy and future research into the development of adult literacy and numeracy proficiency.
The role of AIP variants in pituitary adenomas and concomitant thyroid carcinomas in the Netherlands: a nationwide pathology registry (PALGA) study
Authors: Coopmans E. C. , Muhammad A. , Daly A. F. , de Herder W. W. , van Kemenade F. J. , Beckers A. , de Haan M. , van der Lely A. J. , Korpershoek E. , Neggers S. J. C. M. M.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Germline mutations in the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) have been identified often in the setting of familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA). To date there is no strong evidence linking germline AIP mutations to other neoplasms apart from the pituitary. Our primary objective was to investigate the prevalence of AIP gene mutations and mutations in genes that have been associated with neuroendocrine tumors in series of tumors from patients presenting with both pituitary adenomas and differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs).

Methods

Pathology samples were retrieved from all pituitary adenomas in patients with concomitant DTCs, including one with a known germline AIP variant. Subsequently, two additional patients with known germline AIP variants were included, of which one presented only with a follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC).

Results

In total, 17 patients (14 DTCs and 15 pituitary adenomas) were investigated by targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). The pituitary tumor samples revealed no mutations, while among the thyroid tumor samples BRAF (6/14, 42.9%) was the most frequently mutated gene, followed by NRAS (3/11, 27.3%). In one AIP-mutated FIPA kindred, the AIP-variant c.853C>T; p.Q285* was confirmed in the FTC specimen, including evidence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the AIP locus in the tumor DNA.

Conclusion

Although most observed variants in pituitary adenomas and DTCs were similar to those of sporadic DTCs, we confirmed in one AIP mutation-positive case the AIP-variant and LOH at this locus in an FTC specimen, which raises the potential role of the AIP mutation as a rare initiating event.
Trends in CBCT current practice within three UK paediatric dental departments
Authors: Gallichan N. , Albadri S. , Dixon C. , Jorgenson K.
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is used across all dental specialties and has a number of advantages compared to 2D images. The SEDENTEXCT guidelines provide a number of indications for the use, however there are currently no specific guidelines for paediatric dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess current practice of CBCT imaging within paediatric dental departments in England, audit compliance of CBCT justifications against the standards set by SEDENTEXCT and assess whether the use of CBCT affected the treatment plan for each individual patient.

Methods

From the retrospective analysis of CBCT examinations taken over a 4-year period across three dental hospitals in the north of England, the following data were collected: age at the time of exposure, clinical indication, region of interest (ROI) and diagnostic findings. Clinical notes were also used to identify whether the CBCT had an effect on the final treatment plan.

Results

A total of 335 CBCT examinations were performed, mean age: 11 years. The number of CBCTs increased each year with a twofold increase in the first 2 years. The main clinical indication in 46% of CBCT examinations was the assessment of localised developing dentition, 68% were in the upper anterior sextant and 61% of CBCT exams were in the mixed dentition age group. The investigations were justified in 100% of the cases.

Conclusion

The quantity of CBCT examination in paediatric dental patients is increasing to assist treatment planning but more often to enable improved surgical planning.