bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redução de danos no atendimento a sujeitos em situação de rua
Authors: De Oliveira Robson , Sampaio Simone Sobral , Saldanha Wagner Souza
Published: December 2015

Este artigo apresenta a Redução de Danos (RD) como uma estratégia para o atendimento a sujeitos em situação de rua. Para tanto, se apoia no método da pesquisa-ação havendo como ponto de partida a empiria do cotidiano profissional e experiência de seus autores na efetivação dessa proposta no âmbito de um Centro de Referência Especializado para População em Situação de Rua (Centro POP). O artigo compõe ainda uma caracterização sobre a população de rua enquanto fenômeno estritamente atrelado ao modo de produção capitalista, investiga a constituição histórica da RD e avalia sua pertinência para o atendimento a esse segmento. Por fim, as conclusões evidenciam a importância dessa estratégia principalmente por compreender o consumo de Substâncias Psicoativas (SPA) como uma relação, não restringindo essa experiência a um tipo de patologia ou imoralidade dos sujeitos.
Capitalismo Contemporâneo: tendências e desafios da política social
Authors: Frizera Franciani Bernardes , Rabelo Desirée Cipriano , Garcia Maria Lúcia Teixeira
Published: December 2015

Na abertura do 3° Encontro Internacional de Política Social e 10° Encontro Nacional de Política Social realizado em junho deste ano na UFES - cujo tema deu origem a esta edição – os conferencistas falaram sobre como a crise do capitalismo contemporâneo tem aprofundado as medidas de ajustes fiscais em várias partes do mundo. Na ocasião, o presidente do evento, o professor Paulo Nakatani, declarou que os ajustes têm se expressado nos cortes dos gastos públicos, especialmente direcionados à proteção social, fragilizando ainda mais as condições de vida da classe trabalhadora.
Configuraciones del territorio: desarrollo, desarrollismo, transiciones y alternativas
Authors: Ramos Gian Carlo Delgado
Published: December 2015

El presente trabajo abre con una discusión sobre el espacio territorial como principal fuerza productiva estratégica, es decir, donde se cristalizan las relaciones sociales de producción, sus potenciales y contradicciones. Dicha argumentación es aterrizada en los procesos de territorialización del capital y sus implicaciones, dando cuenta de las nociones desarrollistas imperantes, incluso dentro de aproximaciones ambientalistas que derivan en el concepto formal de desarrollo sustentable. Desde ahí se  sostiene que la acumulación de capital, que estimula ciclos ampliados de producción-consumo, impacta los territorios de manera asimétrica y en relación directa al rol que juegan los países en la división internacional del trabajo. Consecuentemente, se verifica una agudización de los procesos extractivistas sobre todo –aunque no exclusivamente- en los países en desarrollo. Posteriormente se revisa, de modo breve, la actual dinámica de despojo y acaparamiento de tierras y de los recursos ahí contenidos, así como de los procesos de “ingeniería de conflicto” y de resistencia social que en ésa confluyen. El análisis se hace con énfasis en América Latina. Finalmente, y reconociendo la existencia y necesidad de no transgredir las fronteras ecológicas planetarias, se cierra con una reflexión entorno a la posibilidad de (re)territorializaciones alternativas.
Política Social no Brasil contemporâneo: velhas essências sob novos rótulos
Authors: Alves Getúlio Henrique Ferreira
Published: December 2015

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em questionar se as ações propostas pelo dito neodesenvolvimentismo implicaram em rupturas com a dogmática neoliberal ou se trata de um novo rótulo recheado com a velha essência econômica conservadora? Para tanto, foram analisados os dados, da última década, acerca do crescimento do PIB e do PIB per capita, evolução do gasto social e seus impactos na redução da pobreza e da desigualdade social. Com base nisso, conclui-se que as ações em curso em nada justificam o rótulo de novo. Ao contrário, seguem sacrificando recursos sociais – principalmente os da seguridade social – em prol da rolagem da dívida pública brasileira, mascaram a real estatística da pobreza e mantém uma carga tributária regressiva, que limita uma redistribuição efetiva de renda.
Государственное регулирование внешнеторговой деятельности: новые условия – новые подходы
Authors: Кирпичев Виктор Васильевич
Published: December 2015

Данная статья посвящена рассмотрению новых подходов к организации государственного регулирования внешней торговли в условиях западных санкций против России и действия ответных специальных экономических мер, принятых в целях обеспечения национальных интересов РФ. В работе анализируется влияние российских антисанкций на экономическую ситуацию в странах, в отношении которых они применяются, приводятся методы обеспечения российского продовольственного эмбарго в условиях действия Таможенного союза.
Повышение роли консюмеризма в формировании торговой политики регионов
Authors: Панюкова Вероника Васильевна
Published: December 2015

В статье представлены результаты исследования роли консюмеризма при определении направлений формирования и реализации торговой политики регионов.Цель статьи – определение направлений развития консюмеризма и его влияние на регулирование отношений на потребительском рынке. Статья посвящена организационно-экономическим отношениям, возникающим в процессе развития потребительского законодательства и усиления роли общественных организаций по защите прав потребителей. Проанализированы особенности развития общественных объединений по защите прав потребителей в субъектах Российской Федерации. Рассмотрены проблемы внедрения принципов справедливой торговли в деятельность торговых организаций за рубежом. Доказано, что на внедрение инноваций в деятельность торговых организаций оказывает влияние изменение моделей поведения потребителей, придерживающихся идей свободной торговли и этического консюмеризма. Определены основные модели поведения потребителей под действием идей этического консюмеризма, а также направления и формы этического поведения потребителей. Информационной базой исследования послужили законодательные и нормативно-правовые акты государственных органов власти, материалы отчетов Роспотребнадзора, российских и международных ассоциаций по защите прав потребителей, их объединений, а также труды отечественных и зарубежных ученых.Основные положения исследования могут быть использованы торговыми сетевыми организациями при разработке корпоративных стандартов, органами власти и хозяйствующими субъектами при формировании торговой политики.
Развитие систем управления товародвижением в условиях продовольственного эмбарго в современной России
Authors: Красильникова Елена Анатольевна
Published: December 2015

В статье рассматриваются тенденции изменения и развития механизмов управления процессом товародвижения в условиях установленного и продленного на сегодняшний день продовольственного эмбарго. Автором представлены изменения в системе современного внешнеторгового оборота России и стран Европы.
Effect of lime treated olive cake on nutrient ulilization and performance of male goats
Authors: Ishfaq A. , Sharma R. K. , Rastogi A. , Malla B. A. , Rather S. A.
Published: December 2015

Current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of lime treated olive cake in the complete feed of goats. Olive cake was treated with 6% slaked lime to increase availability of cellulose and to alleviate digestibility depression caused by higher fat content. Twelve local adult male goats were randomly allotted to control and treatment groups. Control group was fed ad libitum conventional complete feed and the treatment group was fed complete feed containing 30% lime treated olive cake for a duration of 30 days. The treatment feed was significantly (P<0.05) lower in organic matter, crude fiber and acid detergent fiber, however it was significantly (P<0.01) higher in calcium and acid insoluble ash. Mean body weight and daily feed dry matter and organic matter intake was comparable among groups and periods. The nutrient digestibility for crude fiber and acid detergent fiber was significantly (P<0.05) in treatment feed. Daily nitrogen intake and digestible crude protein intake (g/kg W0.75), was comparable between both groups. Calcium and phosphorus balance was comparable between two groups. No significant difference was observed between groups and periods for blood biochemical and serum enzymes. The results of the present study indicated that lime treated olive cake can be included in complete feed at 30% level for feeding of adult male goats without adverse impact on nutrient intake, utilization and general performance of the animal.
Experiences of candidate preschool teachers on art education and implementations
Authors: Gönen Mübeccel , Aydos Emine Hande , Erdem Ayça Ülker
Published: December 2015

In early childhood period, art education has a crucial effect for children’s gaining aesthetic perception, attitude and skills. Early childhood educators and teacher candidates need to have enough knowledge and skills while planning and implementing art activities and they should make this process enjoyable and effective for the children. Within this context, the aim of the study is to examine the explanation of art education, ideas about the importance of art education of early childhood education teacher candidates, methods and techniques used by them in implementation process and what they do to develop themselves. In the light of findings, early childhood education teacher candidates think art education is important. There are explanations about the importance of art education as creativity, motor and social development and school readiness. During the implementation process of art activity, teacher candidates use mostly coloring, cutting-gluing, waste material and kneading materials. Also, in order to develop themselves, teacher candidates have stated that they make literature review, follow the social media and blogs, participate in seminars and educations and ask to field expert. Keywords: early childhood, art education, teacher candidate.
The effect of perceived behaviors related to educational attainment on students' school motivation: Sample of Isparta Vocational School
Authors: Türeli Nesrin Şalvarcı , Demir Şirvan Şen , Davras Gonca Manap
Published: December 2015

Students of vocational and undergraduate programs at university can be found in negative attitudes and behaviors towards each other. Families and close environment of students studying vocational programs are also found in negative behavior.  The main purpose of this study is, a) to investigate how the vocational student perceive people behavior in their school environment, family, and close environment and b) to determine the effect of the  students' school motivation. The population of the study consists of Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Vocational School students. To reach this purpose; first, the obtained data from literature have been used to provide a conceptual framework.  The collection of data "Perceived Behavior and Motivation Survey" was used. Survey has been developed by the researchers from interviews with students and teaching staff. The obtained data have been analysed via SPSS.  Structural and convergent validity of the data have revealed with the explanatory factor analysis. Then, confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the effects of independents variables on dependent variable. It was tested using a correlation analysis to determine the relationship among factor groups and a regression analysis to determine the effects of independents variables on school motivation factor. As a result, the correlation analysis demonstrated that the significant relationship between independent variables and school motivation and regression analysis demonstrated that four of hypotheses have been supported while one of them has not been supported.Keywords: student perception, school motivation, vocational school
Information and communication technology competencies of class teachers
Authors: Yazçayir Nevriye , Selvi Kıymet
Published: December 2015

Teacher competencies refer to general information, skills and attitudes required for being an effective and a productive teacher. According to traditional approach, teacher competencies are determined in three main fields: field competencies, pedagogical competencies and cultural competencies. However, nowadays teacher competencies are discussed in broader and different dimensions with regard to reform studies in education, developments in teacher education, scientific results in the fields of education sciences and other sciences. ICT competencies defined as one of the teacher competencies have been one of the most important competencies for all individuals. While ICT competencies are included in some studies of teacher competencies in literature, these competencies are examined under the heading of “general competencies” and in a limited scope. This study aimed at to determine the ICT competencies of class teachers. This research was carried out as a qualitative research. In the research, the data gathered at four stages and with different data collection methods from class teachers and experts by means of using Delphi technique. In the first stage, three written open-ended research questions were given to 40 class teachers and teachers’ responses to these questions were taken in a written form. Teachers’ written opinions were analyzed by researchers and teacher’s ICT competencies were determined. In the second stage, a three-hour face to face brain storming meeting comprised of two rounds was organized and 20 class teachers’ opinions were collected. In the third stage, a list of class teachers’ ICT competencies were made based on the opinions determined at stage 1 and stage 2. The list was given to 20 teachers. It was been asked if they agree with competencies in the list. In the fourth stage, ICT competencies of class teachers was been defined based on the data gathered from the research. ICT competencies of teachers in research; competencies of ICT knowledge acquiring and maintain, competencies of ICT use in teaching design and practices, competencies of teaching and developing ICT skills to students, ICT competencies related to the development of their professional knowledge and skills, competencies of ICT use in student counseling services and competencies of ICT use in e-school applications including consists of six competency areas. Each subcompetencies that should be owned under the area of competence was also determined. Keywords: ICT, class teacher, competency, learning, education
The education during the announcement period of republic within the construction and trnsformation period
Authors: Bozaslan B. Mehmet , Çokoğullar Emel
Published: December 2015

Every society is bound to struggle to create the conditions and mechanisms in convenient with the own life experience within the historical perspective. This struggle aims to provide the social order or change the existing social structure. The institution of education becomes the primary actor of changing in line with shaping the individual targets. After the establishment of the Republic in 1923, the education system has been reorganized and determined its own principles in order to enhance the mission of social change, transformation and construction. Therefore, the education system has transformed into a mixed, compulsory, rationalist and secular character and hence the interruption has been witnessed with the creating of new social structure by liberating from the traditional forms.Keywords: the announcement of republic, transformation, education, construction, social structure
Factors that determine the export issues in the furniture industry
Authors: Çolak Mehmet , Engin Burcu , Çetin Tahsin
Published: December 2015

Increasing exports, to replicate the national income and by contributing to the elimination of the low income of the narrow strait in the country is supporting economic development. Export in terms of business, usage of the available physical and human resources effectively and reducement of the idle capacity, the company's growth and allows the realization of the objectives accordingly. The country's economy as much as it is for businesses as well as the export is of great importance in it. One of the most important issues for the country's economy is to ensure stability. Export is one of the permanent solutions for stability. Activities aimed at increasing the export of businesses that obtained in the study in order of importance when considered; conduct market research, to produce products of international quality standards, to increase productivity, create advertising campaigns and brand image, to participate in national and international trade fairs, continue their studies abroad by opening the office store they are stated. The sector which worked on, is mainly composed of SMEs due to the fact that in these firms such issues as marketing and promotion run within the existing possibilities/ personnels so that it leads to the inadequancy in the foreign markets. Branding of business activities abroad has reached the conclusion that inadequate. According to the challenges they face when exporting importance of business rates; lack of trained personnel, financial inability, lack of capacity, competition in the international market, consisting of the issuer expensive consulting services, providing counseling the lack of organization, so that the formalities, handling and transportation problems have emerged as significant.Keywords: furniture industry, branding, production, export issues, foreign trade
Analytical Methods for Determination of Muscle Relax-ant Thiocolchicoside in Pharmaceutical Preparations- A Review
Authors: Rajput J.K. , Patil P.H. , Surana S. J. , Shirkhedkar A. A.
Published: December 2015

Thiocolchicoside is a centrally acting muscle relaxant and used in combination with many NSAIDs for the treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders. As it is less sedative than other centrally acting muscle relaxants hence frequently prescribed for low back pain (LBP), orthopedic, traumatic and rheumatologic disorders. It is available in market in single component and as multicomponent formulations. Various analytical methods are available for determination of thiocolchico-side in drug substances and formulated products. The present article summarizes more than 100 analytical methods including all types of chromatographic, UV-Visible spectrophotometry and radio immune assays with their percentage of utility for de-termination of thiocolchicoside in biological matrices, bulk material and different pharmaceutical formulations.
The image of Venice in The Mountain Wreath: Some imagological observations
Authors: Ivanova Najda
Published: December 2015

Drasko?s story about his trip to Venice represented in the poem The Mountain
Wreath (1847), written by Peter Petrovic Njegos, is an object of many
interpretations in theoretical Njegos studies as well as in the educational,
popular science, the media, political and many other types of discourse. In
this article, we aim at providing a linguo-imagological analysis of the
fragment. The mechanisms of shaping and the semantic structure of the
hetero-stereotypes about Venice and the Venetians are examined. In addition,
both the influence of the author?s intention and that of the socio-cultural
discourse regarding the creation of the poem on the way of selection and the
use of expressive means are examined.
Centering Theory, transitions and referent marking in the corpus of the written Serbian language
Authors: Trnavac Radoslava
Published: December 2015

The aim of the paper is to map various types of anaphor to the centering
transitions in the corpus of Serbian newspaper articles. Centering Theory
(WALKER, JOSHI ET AL. 1998) is a theory of local coherence in which four
types of transitions are used as parameters of coherence. As is hypothesized
in the previous literature based on various languages, the CONTINUE
transition is mostly characterized by a minimal form (a zero form of the
topic), while the SMOOTH and ROUGH shifts are found with a full noun phrase
topic. The analysis shows that the ?Ordering Rule? of Centering Theory is not
fully followed in the written corpus of the Serbian language since SMOOTH
SHIFT has been identified as a prevalent type of transition in the corpus.
The following two reasons were identified for that: (1) the genre of the
newspaper articles, and (2) the way clauses are combined within a complex
sentence in the Serbian written corpus.
The microRNA-29 Family Dictates the Balance Between Homeostatic and Pathological Glucose Handling in Diabetes and Obesity
Authors: Dooley James , Garcia-Perez Josselyn E. , Sreenivasan Jayasree , Schlenner Susan M. , Vangoitsenhoven Roman , Papadopoulou Aikaterini S. , Tian Lei , Schonefeldt Susann , Serneels Lutgarde , Deroose Christophe , Staats Kim A. , Van der Schueren Bart , De Strooper Bart , McGuinness Owen P. , Mathieu Chantal , Liston Adrian
Published: December 2015

The microRNA-29 (miR-29) family is among the most abundantly expressed microRNA in the pancreas and liver. Here, we investigated the function of miR-29 in glucose regulation using miR-29a/b-1 (miR-29a)-deficient mice and newly generated miR-29b-2/c (miR-29c)-deficient mice. We observed multiple independent functions of the miR-29 family, which can be segregated into a hierarchical physiologic regulation of glucose handling. miR-29a, and not miR-29c, was observed to be a positive regulator of insulin secretion in vivo, with dysregulation of the exocytotic machinery sensitizing β-cells to overt diabetes after unfolded protein stress. By contrast, in the liver both miR-29a and miR-29c were important negative regulators of insulin signaling via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulation. Global or hepatic insufficiency of miR-29 potently inhibited obesity and prevented the onset of diet-induced insulin resistance. These results demonstrate strong regulatory functions for the miR-29 family in obesity and diabetes, culminating in a hierarchical and dose-dependent effect on premature lethality.
Hypomagnesemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Vicious Circle?
Authors: Gommers Lisanne M.M. , Hoenderop Joost G.J. , Bindels René J.M. , de Baaij Jeroen H.F.
Published: December 2015

Over the past decades, hypomagnesemia (serum Mg2+ <0.7 mmol/L) has been strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with hypomagnesemia show a more rapid disease progression and have an increased risk for diabetes complications. Clinical studies demonstrate that T2DM patients with hypomagnesemia have reduced pancreatic β-cell activity and are more insulin resistant. Moreover, dietary Mg2+ supplementation for patients with T2DM improves glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Intracellular Mg2+ regulates glucokinase, KATP channels, and L-type Ca2+ channels in pancreatic β-cells, preceding insulin secretion. Moreover, insulin receptor autophosphorylation is dependent on intracellular Mg2+ concentrations, making Mg2+ a direct factor in the development of insulin resistance. Conversely, insulin is an important regulator of Mg2+ homeostasis. In the kidney, insulin activates the renal Mg2+ channel transient receptor potential melastatin type 6 that determines the final urinary Mg2+ excretion. Consequently, patients with T2DM and hypomagnesemia enter a vicious circle in which hypomagnesemia causes insulin resistance and insulin resistance reduces serum Mg2+ concentrations. This Perspective provides a systematic overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of Mg2+ on insulin secretion and insulin signaling. In addition to providing a review of current knowledge, we provide novel directions for future research and identify previously neglected contributors to hypomagnesemia in T2DM.
Assessment of Speed Limit Locations Using Crowdsourced Probe Vehicle Data
Authors: Remias Stephen M. , Mekker Michelle , McNamara Margaret , Sturdevant James R. , Cox Edward D. , Bullock Darcy M.
Published: December 2015

Recently there has been an increased interest in using technology to apply variable speed limit techniques to Interstate roadways. An important component of changing speed limit signs (or variable speed limit signs) is an outcome assessment that collects measured data for understanding the effect on the network. For 265 mi of I-65 in Indiana, the speed limit locations were geolocated and paired with crowdsourced probe vehicle data to develop metrics that engineers and decision makers could use to optimize speed limit placement. Four case studies show the effect of different types of speed reduction and opportunities to improve the current placement. The visual performance measures described in this paper are readily deployable and scalable to any freeway in the country for assessing variable speed limits, work zone speed limits, and static speed limits.
Dynamic Lane Assignment Approach for Freeway Weaving Segment Operation
Authors: Wang Yinsong , Ma Wanjing , Henrickson Kristian C. , Wang Yinhai , Yang Xiaoguang
Published: December 2015

This paper proposes a dynamic lane assignment (DLA) approach for one-sided freeway weaving segments. The approach divides the weaving segment into weaving lanes and nonweaving lanes to reduce the disturbance between weaving and nonweaving traffic streams. The proposed DLA strategy is optimized by nonlinear integer programming under various on-ramp traffic volumes and weaving volume ratios. The applicability of DLA is tested with numerical experiments under different weave types, traffic flow rates, weaving volume ratios, and segment lengths. A VISSIM microsimulation model was developed and used to evaluate the performance of the proposed strategy. Test results drawn from the numerical experiments and simulation indicate that the proposed DLA approach is applicable when the main-line weaving volume ratio is relatively low and it can increase the capacity and decrease the traffic delay for the weaving and upstream segments.
Estimation of Freeway Density Based on Combination of Data
Authors: Qom Somaye Fakharian , Xiao Yan , Hadi Mohammed , Al-Deek Haitham
Published: December 2015

This study compared the results from three freeway density estimation methods based on point detector data with the results obtained from the density estimation procedure of the Highway Capacity Manual 2010 (HCM 2010). The three methods were the cumulative volume–based method, the occupancy-based method, and the fundamental relationship–based method. The study also developed and tested a new method that integrated data from point traffic detectors and automatic vehicle identification readers to estimate the density of freeway segments for offline and real-time applications. The four density estimation methods were compared with each other and the HCM 2010 method by using two case studies based on simulation modeling and real-world data. Results showed that the density estimates based on the proposed segmentation method, cumulative volume method, and HCM 2010 method were generally closer to each other compared with the estimates based on the other two tested methods. The simulation case study showed that the density estimates from these three methods were also closer to density measurements obtained on the basis of vehicle trajectories from simulation. The two case study results indicate that the selection of the density estimation method affects mainly the level-of-service value during intermediate congested conditions.
Wrong-Way Driving
Authors: Rogers John H. , Sandt Adrian , Al-Deek Haitham , Alomari Ahmad H. , Uddin Nizam , Gordin Eric , Santos Cristina Dos , Renfrow Jessica , Carrick Grady
Published: December 2015

Wrong-way driving (WWD) is one of the most dangerous driver errors or behaviors on limited access facilities. Previous studies focused on analyzing WWD crashes but discovered that WWD crashes were extremely rare. Using WWD 911 calls and WWD citations, which occur much more frequently than WWD crashes, to help predict WWD risk allows roadway agencies to be proactive and implement WWD countermeasures at problem areas instead of waiting for serious WWD crashes to occur. This study developed a model to determine WWD risk according to WWD crashes, citations, and 911 calls. For the development of this novel model, a market basket analysis was used to determine the overlap between the three WWD data sets (crashes, 911 calls, and citations for the years 2011 and 2012 on Florida Interstates and toll roads). The independent WWD events were then used to develop a generalized Poisson regression model that allowed the WWD 911 calls, citations, and crash frequencies to be converted to WWD risk values. WWD risk densities were also calculated by using either vehicle miles traveled or roadway length to consider exposure. The counties and roadways were then ranked with respect to WWD risk values and densities; these rankings indicated that Miami–Dade was a problematic county because it was ranked highest by WWD risk value and its nine Interstates or toll roads were ranked in the top 15 by WWD risk density. The developed model and macroscopic rankings are very useful to help identify counties and roadways where WWD countermeasures should be implemented.
Evaluation of Conditional Transit Signal Priority Technology for Regional Implementation
Authors: Consoli Frank A. , Alomari Ahmad H. , Al-Deek Haitham , Rogers John H. , Sandt Adrian , Noori Mehdi , Tatari Omer , Hadi Mohammed
Published: December 2015

This research evaluated the implementation of transit signal priority (TSP) on a test corridor along International Drive in Orlando, Florida, to see whether the implementation was successful and justified expansion to a regional implementation of TSP for bus tie-ins to the new regional SunRail commuter rail in Central Florida. TSP is a technology that provides preferential treatment to buses at signalized intersections. This research demonstrated the effectiveness of TSP in improving bus corridor travel time in a simulated environment by using real-world data for the International Drive corridor. Evaluation was conducted with microsimulation to compare unconditional and conditional TSP with the no TSP scenario. This evaluation looked at performance metrics (for buses and all vehicles), including average speed profiles, average travel times, average number of stops, and crossing street delay. Different conditional TSP scenarios of activating TSP when a bus is 3 or 5 min behind schedule were considered. The simulation demonstrated that conditional TSP significantly improved bus travel times with little effect on crossing street delays. Unconditional TSP resulted in significant crossing street delays at some intersections with only minor improvement to bus travel time compared with both conditional TSP scenarios. The results also showed that using TSP technology reduced the environmental emissions in the International Drive corridor. With a benefit–cost ratio of 7.92 in the International Drive corridor, conditional TSP 3 min behind schedule was determined to be the most beneficial and practical TSP scenario for real-world implementation at corridor and regional levels.
Managed Lane Toll Prices
Authors: Pessaro Brian , Buddenbrock Patrick
Published: December 2015

This research involved a simulation that compared 3 days of actual traffic data for the I-95 Express Lanes and general purpose lanes in Miami, Florida, with a hypothetical scenario in which all transportation demand management (TDM) activities and toll exemptions were eliminated. The purpose of the research was to quantify the extent to which carpooling, vanpooling, and transit use contribute to better traffic flow in the I-95 corridor. In the hypothetical scenario there was a slight degradation in express lane level of service (LOS) and a slight increase in tolls in the southbound direction. Conversely, there was a slight improvement in express lane LOS and a slight decrease in tolls in the northbound direction. In the hypothetical scenario, many inherently low emission vehicles (ILEVs), which are toll exempt, opted out of the express lanes. The increase in express lane volume from former carpoolers, vanpoolers, and transit riders reverting to single-occupant status was often offset by even larger volumes of ILEVs leaving the express lanes. Although the traffic effect on the express lanes was mild, the effect on the general purpose lanes was more severe. In the hypothetical scenario, the general purpose lanes operated at LOS F 22% more of the time in the southbound direction and 8% more of the time in the northbound direction.
Dedicated Bus and Queue Jumper Lanes at Signalized Intersections with Nearside Bus Stops
Authors: Farid Yashar Zeinali , Christofa Eleni , Collura John
Published: December 2015

Transit preferential treatments (TPTs) enhance transit service by reducing transit travel time and improving transit reliability. In this study analytical and simulation models were developed to evaluate various space TPTs with person-based measures such as person delay and person discharge flow. The focus was placed on the evaluation of dedicated bus lanes and queue jumper lanes. This study extended previous research to differentiate between a queue jumper lane and a dedicated bus lane when an analytical model was used to estimate delays. In addition, the proposed model accounted for the effect of nearside bus stops on auto and transit vehicle delays. The performance of these space TPTs was evaluated with the analytical model and microsimulation tests at a signalized intersection that was part of a larger signalized arterial. Results indicated that the analytical model provided estimates of person delay and person discharge flow that were consistent and comparable with the estimates from microsimulation tests.
Enablers and Barriers in Delivery of a Cancer Exercise Program: The Canadian Experience
Authors: Mina D. Santa , Petrella A. , Currie K.L. , Bietola K. , Alibhai S.M.H. , Trachtenberg J. , Ritvo P. , Matthew A.G.
Published: December 2015

Background: Exercise is an important therapy to improve well-being after a cancer diagnosis. Accordingly, cancer-exercise programs have been developed to enhance clinical care; however, few programs exist in Canada. Expansion of cancer-exercise programming depends on an understanding of the process of program implementation, as well as enablers and barriers to program success. Gaining knowledge from current professionals in cancer-exercise programs could serve to facilitate the necessary understanding. Methods: Key personnel from Canadian cancer-exercise programs (n = 14) participated in semistructured interviews about program development and delivery. Results: Content analysis revealed 13 categories and 15 subcategories, which were grouped by three organizing domains: Program Implementation, Program Enablers, and Program Barriers. (1) Program Implementation (5 categories, 8 subcategories) included Program Initiation (clinical care extension, research project expansion, program champion), Funding, Participant Intake (avenues of awareness, health and safety assessment), Active Programming (monitoring patient exercise progress, health care practitioner involvement, program composition), and Discharge and Follow-up Plan; (2) Program Enablers (4 categories, 4 subcategories) included Patient Participation (personalized care, supportive network, personal control, awareness of benefits), Partnerships, Advocacy and Support, and Program Characteristics; (3) Program Barriers (4 categories, 3 subcategories) included Lack of Funding, Lack of Physician Support, Deterrents to Participation (fear and shame, program location, competing interests), and Disease Progression and Treatment. Conclusions: Interview results provided insight into the development and delivery of cancer-exercise programs in Canada and could be used to guide future program development and expansion in Canada.
Management and Outcomes of Localized Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer in Older Patients
Authors: Qu X. , Biagi J. , Banashkevich A. , Mercer C.D. , Tremblay L. , Mahmud A.
Published: December 2015

Background: Older patients are commonly excluded from clinical trials in esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (gej) cancer. High-level evidence to guide management in this group is lacking. In the present study, we compared outcomes and described tolerance for curative- and noncurative-intent treatments among patients 70 years of age and older. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients 70 years of age and older diagnosed with localized esophageal and gej cancer at our centre between 2005 and 2012. Results: The 74 patients identified had a median age of 77 years. Of those patients, 62% received curative-intent treatment, consisting mostly of concomitant chemoradiation therapy (n = 43, 93%). Median overall survival for patients receiving curative-intent treatment was 18.6 months [95% confidence interval (ci): 13.0 to 28.0 months], with 23% being long-term survivors (95% ci: 11.3% to 36.7%). In contrast, patients receiving noncurative-intent treatment had a median overall survival of 8.8 months (95% ci: 6.7 to 11.9 months), with none being long-term survivors (p < 0.0001). Improvement of dysphagia was seen after curative (81%) or palliative radiotherapy (78%) in symptomatic patients, and toxicities were manageable. The odds of not receiving curative treatment was higher by a factor of 8.5 among patients 80 years of age or older compared with those 70–79 years of age (95% ci: 2.5 to 28.7). Conclusions: In managing older patients with esophageal and gej cancer, curative-intent treatment (compared with noncurative-intent treatment) leads to a significant survival benefit with a reasonable toxicity profile. Informed counselling of patients and their families about a curative treatment approach and efforts to increase awareness among oncology care providers are suggested.
Worth His Weight in ...
Authors: Chasen M.R.
Published: December 2015

A native Montrealer, Dr. Phil Gold was born in 1936 to Polish immigrant parents. [...]
Evaluation of factors leading to formation of price-bubbles in the real estate market of Lithuania
Authors: Dzikevičius Audrius , Kazlauskas Lukas , Bruzgė Šarūnas
Published: December 2015

Recently, real estate market has been discussed more frequently in the framework of economic analysis. The global economic crisis of 2008 has demonstrated the severity of financial shock that can be caused by inconsiderate investments in the real estate market. The present article analyses business cycles and the phenomenon of a price-bubble in that context. Drawing on the analysis of reference literature we identify the main reasons that can lead to fluctuations of prices in the real estate market. Finally, drawing on correlation and regression analysis we determine which factors have the strongest influence on the Lithuanian real estate market.
Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Animal Long-Bone Model: An Analysis of Basic Science Evidence
Authors: Gianakos Arianna , Zambrana Lester , Savage-Elliott Ian , Lane Joseph M. , Kennedy John G.
Published: December 2015

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been suggested as an adjunct to aid in long-bone healing. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the basic science in vivo evidence for the use of PRP in the treatment of bone pathology. The PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were screened using the following search criteria: “(Platelet-rich plasma OR PRP OR autologous conditioned plasma OR ACP) AND (bone OR osteocytes OR osteogenesis OR nonunion OR delayed union).” Studies were included if they ful-filled the following criteria: (1) studied the effect of PRP or a similar concentrated platelet product, defined as a blood product with platelet concentration elevated to higher than baseline; (2) established a control with which to compare PRP; (3) were published in a peer-reviewed journal; and (4) looked specifically at animal long-bone models. All review articles and clinical studies, including randomized controlled trials and case series, were excluded from the review. Studies examining the effects of PRP on bones of animals with confounding pathology were excluded. In studies that contained additional treatment variables, only the portion of the experiment that compared PRP directly with the control were evaluated. Data were then extracted with a standardized table. The search yielded 29 articles for inclusion. Seventy-two percent of the studies reported platelet concentrations. Eighty-nine percent of studies reported significant improvement in earlier bone healing on histologic/histomorphometric assessment. One hundred percent showed significant increase in bone formation on radiographs in the PRP group. Eighty percent of studies reported a significant increase in bone area on microcomputed tomography. One hundred percent of studies showed a higher torsional stiffness for the PRP-treated defects. In the in vivo studies evaluated, PRP confers several beneficial effects on animal long-bone models. Proof of concept for PRP as a biologic adjunct in long-bone models has been determined. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(12):e1079–e1090.]
Short-term Outcomes of Femoral Neck Fractures Treated With Hemiarthroplasty Using the Anterior Approach
Authors: Trinh Thai Q. , Ferrel Jason R. , Pulley Benjamin R. , Fowler T. Ty
Published: December 2015

The direct anterior approach has recently gained popularity for patients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty. It is unknown whether the reported benefits of the direct anterior approach to elective total hip arthroplasty can be extrapolated to patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty after femoral neck fracture. A retrospective review of 101 patients was performed to compare the outcomes of patients treated with hemiarthroplasty using the direct anterior approach (group 1) with those of patients undergoing the procedure with the posterior, anterolateral, or lateral approach (group 2). No differences in age, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, and preinjury ambulatory status were identified between treatment groups. No difference in operative time was found between those undergoing the anterior approach (98.7 minutes) and those undergoing other surgical approaches (96.5 minutes) (
P
=.76). No difference in either the need for transfusion or the number of blood products transfused was seen (
P
=.21) postoperatively. Patients undergoing the direct anterior approach were more likely to be discharged by postoperative day 3 (
P
=.004) despite no difference in the recorded number of feet ambulated in the hospital. At a mean clinical follow-up of 16 weeks, there was no difference in the rate of return to baseline ambulatory status between groups (
P
=.07). The overall rates of major and minor complications for all patients were 23% and 26%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between groups. The overall dislocation rate of all patients was found to be 3%. All dislocations were observed in group 2. Larger prospective studies are needed to further define the benefits of the direct anterior approach in this patient population. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(12):e1091–e1097.]
Therapists, Trainers, and Acupuncturists: Focused Review for the Orthopedic Surgeon
Authors: Domes Christopher M. , Kruger Cori L.
Published: December 2015

Effective treatment of orthopedic injuries requires a multidisciplinary team, including physical and occupational therapists, athletic trainers, massage therapists, and acupuncturists. Orthopedic surgeons commonly encounter these practitioners but may not be familiar with the training, credentialing, and most importantly, the appropriate use of members of this team. There are general similarities in practice locations as well as types of symptoms addressed by the providers discussed, which include the treatment of physical pain, evaluation and treatment of physical impairment, and some facilitation of adaptation to the limitations caused by injuries. Across the 5 types of providers discussed there are widely varying training and licensing requirements, specializations, and continuing education requirements to maintain licensure. This article provides a focused review of these members of the multidisciplinary team and highlights the current American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons recommendations for the use of occupational and physical therapists for orthopedic conditions, including hip fractures, total hip arthroplasty, and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(12):e1121–e1126.]
Intermediate-Term Comparison of Posterior Cruciate-Retaining Versus Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty Using the New Knee Scoring System
Authors: Kawakami Yohei , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Takayama Koji , Ishida Kazunari , Nakano Naoki , Matsushita Takehiko , Kuroda Yuichi , Patel Kunji , Kuroda Ryosuke , Kurosaka Masahiro
Published: December 2015

With the dramatic shift in the proportion of younger and more active patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the difference in patient-reported outcomes between cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized prostheses will become very important. The goal of this study was to clarify and compare the intermediate-term results of cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized TKAs with new patient-derived scores. This study included 60 patients who underwent TKA because of varus-type osteoarthritis (30 patients in the cruciate-retaining group and 30 patients in the posterior-stabilized group) an average of 8 years earlier. The authors investigated patient-reported outcomes using the Knee Society's new scoring system, which was adapted to the diverse lifestyles and activities of contemporary patients undergoing TKA. The results of 48 patients (23 patients in the cruciate-retaining group and 25 patients in the posterior-stabilized group) were assessed. The questionnaire included 7 sections: symptoms, patient satisfaction, patient expectation, walking/standing, standard activities, advanced activities, and discretionary activities. For patient satisfaction, the score of the cruciate-retaining group was slightly but not significantly higher than that of the posterior-stabilized group. No significant difference in score was seen between the cruciate-retaining group and the posterior-stabilized group for any other sections. In addition, no statistically significant difference was seen in range of motion or radiographic alignment postoperatively. After intermediate-term follow-up, the authors found no statistically significant difference in clinical outcomes between patients undergoing cruciate-retaining TKA and those undergoing posterior-stabilized TKA. Additional studies are needed to corroborate and validate these results. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(12):e1127–e1132.]