bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of novel aryl-substituted 2-aminopyridine derivatives by the cascade reaction of 1,1-enediamines with vinamidinium salts to develop novel anti-Alzheimer agents
Authors: Loori Sama , Pourtaher Hormoz , Mehranpour Abdolmohammad , Hasaninejad Alireza , Eftekharian Mohammadreza , Iraji Aida
Published: June 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a severe neurodegenerative disorder, imposes socioeconomic burdens and necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies. Current therapeutic interventions are limited and underscore the need for novel inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), enzymes implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. In this study, we report a novel synthetic strategy for the generation of 2-aminopyridine derivatives via a two-component reaction converging aryl vinamidinium salts with 1,1-enediamines (EDAMs) in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent system, catalyzed by triethylamine (Et3N). The protocol introduces a rapid, efficient, and scalable synthetic pathway, achieving good to excellent yields while maintaining simplistic workup procedures. Seventeen derivatives were synthesized and subsequently screened for their inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE. The most potent derivative, 3m, exhibited an IC50 value of 34.81 ± 3.71 µM against AChE and 20.66 ± 1.01 µM against BChE compared to positive control donepezil with an IC50 value of 0.079 ± 0.05 µM against AChE and 10.6 ± 2.1 µM against BChE. Also, detailed kinetic studies were undertaken to elucidate their modes of enzymatic inhibition of the most potent compounds against both AChE and BChE. The promising compound was then subjected to molecular docking and dynamics simulations, revealing significant binding affinities and favorable interaction profiles against AChE and BChE. The in silico ADMET assessments further determined the drug-like properties of 3m, suggesting it as a promising candidate for further pre-clinical development.
De novo genome assembly and transcriptome sequencing in foot and mantle tissues of Megaustenia siamensis reveals components of adhesive substances
Authors: Chetruengchai Wanna , Jirapatrasilp Parin , Srichomthong Chalurmpon , Assawapitaksakul Adjima , Pholyotha Arthit , Tongkerd Piyoros , Shotelersuk Vorasuk , Panha Somsak
Published: June 2024

The semislug Megaustenia siamensis, commonly found in Thailand, is notable for its exceptional capacity to produce biological adhesives, enabling it to adhere to tree leaves even during heavy rainfall. In this study, we generated the first reference genome for M. siamensis using a combination of three sequencing technologies: Illumina’s short-read, Pac-Bio’s HIFI long-read, and Hi-C. The assembled genome size was 2593 billion base pairs (bp), containing 34,882 protein-coding genes. Our analysis revealed positive selection in pathways associated with the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Furthermore, RNA sequencing of foot and mantle tissues unveiled the primary constituents of the adhesive, including lectin-like proteins (C-lectin, H-lectin, and C1q) and matrilin-like proteins (VWA and EGF). Additionally, antimicrobial peptides were identified. The comprehensive M. siamensis genome and tissue-specific transcriptomic data provided here offer valuable resources for understanding its biology and exploring potential medical applications.
Attention and sentiment of Chinese public toward rural landscape based on Sina Weibo
Authors: Zhang Jinji , Jin Guanghu , Liu Yang , Xue Xiyue
Published: June 2024

Rural landscapes, as products of the interaction between humans and nature, not only reflect the history and culture of rural areas but also symbolize economic and social progress. This study proposes a deep learning-based model for Weibo data analysis aimed at exploring the development direction of rural landscapes from the perspective of the Chinese public. The research reveals that the Chinese public’s attention to rural landscapes has significantly increased with the evolution of government governance concepts. Most people express a high level of satisfaction and happiness with the existing rural landscapes, while a minority harbor negative emotions towards unreasonable new rural construction. Through the analysis of public opinion regarding rural landscapes, this study will assist decision-makers in understanding the mechanisms of public discourse on social media. It will also aid relevant scholars and designers in providing targeted solutions, which hold significant importance for policy formulation and the exploration of specific development patterns.
No effects of post-activation performance enhancement in elite male volleyball players under complex training
Authors: Masel Sebastian , Maciejczyk Marcin
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to establish reliability of post-activation performance enhancement in three manners: (1) interday morning and afternoon reliability; (2) intraday morning and afternoon reliability; (3) intraday set-to-set reliability. Twelve elite male volleyball players experienced in resistance training performed four identical experimental sessions—two in the morning and two in the afternoon. During each session participants performed a mini complex training session—three sets of a conditioning activity (CA) (3 repetitions of a trap bar deadlift at 80% 1RM with 15% of accommodating resistance) and 90 s after a CA performed squat jump (SJ) with 4 min intra-set rest interval. The ANOVA with repeated measures was used to assess significance of the effect of a CA and ICC to assess reliability of measurements. The PAPE protocol was found to be ineffective to subsequently enhance JH on various occasions. Also, the results of this study suggest that the practitioners may effectively implement appropriately organized complex training as both intraday set-to-set (0.87 and 0.82 for morning sessions; 0.83 and 0.58 for afternoon sessions) and interday morning (0.67) and afternoon (0.8) reliabilities seem to be acceptable. However, introducing two CT sessions within one day is highly questionable as at the moment intraday morning and afternoon reliability is vague (0.88 and 0.48).
Development of a novel precision applicator for spot treatment of granular agrochemical in wild blueberry
Authors: MacEachern Craig B. , Esau Travis J. , Zaman Qamar U. , White Scott N. , Farooque Aitazaz A.
Published: June 2024

While spot spraying has gained increasing popularity in recent years, spot application of granule agrochemical has seen little development. Despite the potential for the technology, there currently exists no commercially available granular applicators capable of spot application. Therefore, the goal of this study was to design, build, and lab evaluate a precision applicator for spot applying granular agrochemical in wild blueberry. The design incorporated a John Deere RC2000 with a custom control box, recirculation system, and electrically actuated valves. All components were modified to fit a Valmar 1255 Twin-Roller. The system receives inputs from a predeveloped prescription map and can actuate each of the twelve valves separately to provide individual orifice control. Casoron® G4 was used as the testing agrochemical and in cycling the product pneumatically for 1 hour incurred no significant product degradation (p = 0.110). In lab evaluations, the applicator encountered zero errors in reading prescription maps and actuating the correct valves accordingly. Further, the granule recycling system had zero instances where product built up in the lines or jammed the valves. In all, this project represents the first successful development of a precision granular spot applicator for any cropping system.
Artificial intelligence-based real-time histopathology of gastric cancer using confocal laser endomicroscopy
Authors: Cho Haeyon , Moon Damin , Heo So Mi , Chu Jinah , Bae Hyunsik , Choi Sangjoon , Lee Yubin , Kim Dongmin , Jo Yeonju , Kim Kyuyoung , Hwang Kyungmin , Lee Dakeun , Choi Heung-Kook , Kim Seokhwi
Published: June 2024

There has been a persistent demand for an innovative modality in real-time histologic imaging, distinct from the conventional frozen section technique. We developed an artificial intelligence-driven real-time evaluation model for gastric cancer tissue using confocal laser endomicroscopic system. The remarkable performance of the model suggests its potential utilization as a standalone modality for instantaneous histologic assessment and as a complementary tool for pathologists’ interpretation.
Spatially targeted chemokine exocytosis guides transmigration at lymphatic endothelial multicellular junctions
Authors: Liaqat Inam , Hilska Ida , Saario Maria , Jakobsson Emma , Crivaro Marko , Peränen Johan , Vaahtomeri Kari
Published: June 2024

Migrating cells preferentially breach and integrate epithelial and endothelial monolayers at multicellular vertices. These sites are amenable to forces produced by the migrating cell and subsequent opening of the junctions. However, the cues that guide migrating cells to these entry portals, and eventually drive the transmigration process, are poorly understood. Here, we show that lymphatic endothelium multicellular junctions are the preferred sites of dendritic cell transmigration in both primary cell co-cultures and in mouse dermal explants. Dendritic cell guidance to multicellular junctions was dependent on the dendritic cell receptor CCR7, whose ligand, lymphatic endothelial chemokine CCL21, was exocytosed at multicellular junctions. Characterization of lymphatic endothelial secretory routes indicated Golgi-derived RAB6+ vesicles and RAB3+/27+ dense core secretory granules as intracellular CCL21 storage vesicles. Of these, RAB6+ vesicles trafficked CCL21 to the multicellular junctions, which were enriched with RAB6 docking factor ELKS (ERC1). Importantly, inhibition of RAB6 vesicle exocytosis attenuated dendritic cell transmigration. These data exemplify how spatially-restricted exocytosis of guidance cues helps to determine where dendritic cells transmigrate.
Urinary enterolignans and enterolignan-predicting microbial species are favourably associated with liver fat and other obesity markers
Authors: Mo Yufeng , Li Yamin , Liang Shaoxian , Wang Wuqi , Zhang Honghua , Zhao Jiajia , Xu Mengting , Zhang Xiaoyu , Cao Hongjuan , Xie Shaoyu , Lv Yaning , Wu Yaqin , Zhang Zhuang , Yang Wanshui
Published: June 2024

Plant-derived lignans may protect against obesity, while their bioactivity needs gut microbial conversion to enterolignans.
Programmable “triple attack” cancer therapy through in situ activation of disulfiram toxification combined with phototherapeutics
Authors: He Qiu-Ling , Jia Ben-Xu , Luo Zhi-Rong , Wang Yu-Kun , Zhang Bo , Liao Tao , Guang Xuan-Yi , Feng Yan-Fang , Zhang Zhen , Zhou Bo
Published: June 2024

A programmable “triple attack” cancer treatment strategy is proposed via in situ disulfiram toxification activation combined with NIR-II phototherapeutics.
Structure and dynamics of motor-driven microtubule bundles
Authors: Lemma Bezia , Lemma Linnea M. , Ems-McClung Stephanie C. , Walczak Claire E. , Dogic Zvonimir , Needleman Daniel J.
Published: June 2024

Microscopic structure tuned by depletant concentration dictates mesoscale dynamics in extensile kinesin-driven microtubule bundles.
Sensitive detection of H2S based on Ce doped ZnCo2O4 hollow microspheres at low working temperature
Authors: Huang Jia-Ying , Li Hao-Jun , Li Lin-Xuan , Chen Rong , Liu Fang , Wu Ling , Feng Ze-Meng , Yin Yu-Long , Cao Zhong , Yu Donghong
Published: June 2024

The Ce doped ZnCo2O4 HMS based sensor shows good response to H2S at a low operating temperature of 160 °C, exhibiting excellent selectivity, repeatability, and reproducibility, and has the potential for long-term monitoring practical application.
Ab initio molecular dynamics investigation of the Pt(111)–water interface structure in an alkaline environment with high surface OH-coverages
Authors: Partanen Lauri , Laasonen Kari
Published: June 2024

OH and H2O species prefer the top sites of the 1/3 and 2/3 OH monolayer Pt(111) surface while O atoms prefer the hollow sites. The surfaces possess a dynamic hydrogen bond network with water exchange between the surface and the solvent.
Antiferromagnetism in GaS monolayer doped with TM–TM atom pairs (TM = V, Cr, Mn, and Fe)
Authors: Hoat D. M. , Tien Nguyen Thanh , Nguyen Duy Khanh , Guerrero-Sanchez J.
Published: June 2024

Antiferromagnetism in GaS monolayer doped with a pair of transition metal atoms.
In situ spectroscopic investigations on BiPhePhos modified rhodium complexes in alkene hydroformylation
Authors: Leidecker Benedict N. , Peña Fuentes Dilver , König Matthias , Liu Jiali , Baumann Wolfgang , Sawall Mathias , Neymeyr Klaus , Jiao Haijun , Franke Robert , Börner Armin , Kubis Christoph
Published: June 2024

By the employment of in situ FTIR and NMR spectroscopy the composition of BiPhePhos modified rhodium complexes under conditions relevant for alkene hydroformylation is elucidated.
Cerium(iii) and 5-methylisophthalate-based MOFs with slow relaxation of magnetization and photoluminescence emission
Authors: Pajuelo-Corral Oier , Contreras MCarmen , Rojas Sara , Choquesillo-Lazarte Duane , Seco José M. , Rodríguez-Diéguez Antonio , Salinas-Castillo Alfonso , Cepeda Javier , Zabala-Lekuona Andoni , Vitorica-Yrezabal Iñigo J.
Published: June 2024

Two novel Ce(iii) metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with formulas [Ce(5Meip)(H-5Meip)]nGR-MOF-17 and [CeCl(5Meip)(DMF)]nGR-MOF-18 (5Meip = 5-methylisophthalate, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) have been synthesized, forming 3-dimensional frameworks.
Multiple insights into the two-sided effects of foliar application of cerium oxide nanoparticles on the growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Chen Zhao , Guo Zhipeng , Xu Nan , Khan Md. Zulfikar , Niu Junpeng
Published: June 2024

Nanotechnology has a wide range of applications, and the pollution and toxicity of their overuse must also be taken seriously.
High efficiency graphene–silicon hybrid-integrated thermal and electro-optical modulators
Authors: Wu Xiaoxuan , Cao Zhengyi , Zhao Tianxiang , Wu Yun , Li Zhonghui , Doukas Spyros , Lidorikis Elefterios , Xue Yu , Liu Liu , Ghaebi Omid , Soavi Giancarlo , Lu Junpeng , Ni Zhenhua , Wang Junjia
Published: June 2024

The graphene–silicon hybrid-integrated platform, enabled by a gold-assisted transfer method, supports high-performance on-chip optical devices, demonstrating thermo and electro-optical modulation with enhanced efficiency and greater speed.
I2/DMSO-mediated substrate selective oxidation of tetrahydro indole-2,4-dione towards 4-hydroxy isatins and 5,6-dihydro-1H-indole-2,4-dione derivatives
Authors: Sinha Goutam , Pramanik Sayan , Jana Debashis , Ghosh Anirban , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: June 2024

Synthesis of tetrahydro indole-2,4-diones from readily available β-enaminones and glyoxal and subsequent I2/DMSO-mediated oxidation/aromatization of tetrahydro indole-2,4-dione to produce 4-hydroxyisatin derivatives.
Enhanced photocatalytic H2O2 production using BiOCl nanosheets decorated with Pd nanoparticles and polyethyleneimine
Authors: Du Mingming , Peng Anxian , Liu Hongyue , Li Qiyun , Dai Likai , Fang Zheng , Zeng Ganning , Chen Huimei , Yan Rongjun
Published: June 2024

The proposed photocatalytic H2O2 production mechanism of Pd/PEI/BOC, which shows an enhanced photocatalytic activity of 3700 μmol g−1 h−1.
Surface inducing high-temperature superconductivity in layered metal carborides Li2BC3 and LiBC by metallizing σ electrons
Authors: Wang Muyao , Liu Xiaohan , Huang Xiaowei , Liu Liangliang
Published: June 2024

With surface symmetry reduction, metallic σ-bonding states and softened phonon modes are strongly coupled to each other, achieving high-temperatures of ∼80 K on Li2BC3 and LiBC surfaces.
Multiple strategies to greatly enhance the photovoltaic characteristics of BiFeO3-based films
Authors: Sun Zehao , Wei Jie , Song Shigeng , Xiahou Minchuan , Cao Ao , Zhang Junlong , Yuanfeng Youxin , Chen Guogang , Chen Yongqiang
Published: June 2024

More recently, multiferroic BiFeO3 has attracted widespread interest due to its potential photovoltaic applications and features including an above-bandgap photovoltage and switchable photocurrent.
A multifunctional thermosensitive hydrogel based on phototherapy for promoting the healing of dental extraction wounds
Authors: Shi Shurui , Chang Yunhan , Fu Kaiyu , Fu Ning , Hu Xin , Zhao Borui , Chen Bo , Yun Xinyue , Shi Enyu
Published: June 2024

Diagram of the formation of a PNIPAM-TP/ICG hydrogel and the mechanisms of the accelerating wound healing effect (By Figdraw).
Chiral three-dimensional organic–inorganic lead iodide hybrid semiconductors
Authors: Fan Chang-Chun , Liu Cheng-Dong , Liang Bei-Dou , Ju Tong-Yu , Wang Wei , Jin Ming-Liang , Chai Chao-Yang , Zhang Wen
Published: June 2024

Chiral three-dimensional lead iodide hybrids were constructed by introduction of chiral cations. The compounds exhibit BPVE, chiroptical properties, and Rashba–Dresselhaus effect, offering prospects for chiroptic and spintronic applications.
Picking the tyrosine-lock: chemical synthesis of the tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I inhibitor recifin A and analogues
Authors: Smallwood Taylor B. , Krumpe Lauren R. H. , Payne Colton D. , Klein Victoria G. , O'Keefe Barry R. , Clark Richard J. , Schroeder Christina I. , Rosengren K. Johan
Published: June 2024

Chemical synthesis of the peptide recifin A reveals insights into its unique structure and interaction with the cancer target TDP1.
Dicobalt(ii) helices kill colon cancer cells via enantiomer-specific mechanisms; DNA damage or microtubule disruption
Authors: Song Hualong , Kostrhunova Hana , Cervinka Jakub , Macpherson Julie , Malina Jaroslav , Rajan Teena , Phillips Roger , Postings Miles , Shepherd Samantha , Zhang Xuejian , Brabec Viktor , Rogers Nicola J. , Scott Peter
Published: June 2024

Optically pure Co metallohelices exhibit high and selective potency against cancer cells but operate by different mechanisms; the Δ-enantiomer induces DNA damage in HCT116 cells while the Λ-enantiomer disrupts tubulin networks.
A record-high EQE of 7.65%@3300 cd m−2 achieved in non-doped near-ultraviolet OLEDs based on novel D′–D–A type bipolar fluorophores upon molecular configuration engineering
Authors: Qi Haoyuan , Xie Danyu , Gao Zexuan , Wang Shengnan , Peng Ling , Liu Yuchao , Ying Shian , Ma Dongge , Yan Shouke
Published: June 2024

A non-doped mPPICNC3-based device, exhibiting CIE coordinates of (0.160, 0.032), achieves a record-breaking EQE of 7.67% and negligible efficiency roll-off up to 3300 cd m−2.
Synthesis of polyoxothiometalates through site-selective post-editing sulfurization of polyoxometalates
Authors: Yonesato Kentaro , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Suzuki Kosuke
Published: June 2024

This work presents a direct site-selective oxygen–sulfur substitution method that enables transforming polyoxometalates [XW12O40]4− (X = Si, Ge) to Keggin-type polyoxothiometalates [XW12O28S12]4− using sulfurizing reagents in an organic solvent.
DNA functionalized programmable hybrid biomaterials for targeted multiplexed applications
Authors: Singh Nihal , Singh Ankur , Dhanka Mukesh , Bhatia Dhiraj
Published: June 2024

With the advent of DNA nanotechnology, DNA-based biomaterials have emerged as a unique class of materials at the center of various biological advances.
Luminescent switching behavior achieved by adjusting cocrystal charge transfer excitons under acid stimulation
Authors: Khan Darya , Li Fei , Zhang Xiaotao , Jiao Fei , Hu Wenping
Published: June 2024

This study presents acid stimuli responsive cocrystal systems with dynamically controllable luminous characteristics, demonstrating highly sensitive fluorescence switching, offering a successful method for developing smart materials.
RETRACTED: Determination of the optimal amplitude of vibration behavior in the potato sorting machine
Authors: Umurzakov Akramjon , Sabirjanov Тalibjan , Okyulov Kamoliddin , Gaparov Kodir
Published: June 2024

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 538, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453800001
RETRACTED: Improving the competitiveness of the economy based on environmental audit
Authors: Nianko Viktoriia , Regnerová Olga , Ghanem Safwan , Yarmoliuk Olena , Sudorgin Mikola
Published: June 2024

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 538, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453800001
RETRACTED: Influence parameters identification of resource potential components on food security
Authors: Khalatur Svitlana , Kravchenko Mykola , Masliaieva Olga , Ilchenko Oleksandr , Shramko Inna
Published: June 2024

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 538, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453800001
RETRACTED: Studying the condition of tungsten-containing man-made waste in the territory of Uzbekistan
Authors: Khasanov Adkham , Khasanov Ulugbek , Toshtemirov Umarali , Abdurakhmanov Davronbek , Melnikova Tatyana
Published: June 2024

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 538, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453800001
RETRACTED: Research of materials for clothing in the production of various sewing products
Authors: Mamatkulova Saida , Tursumatova Shakhlo , Turdiyev Makhmudjon , Abdurakhimova Manzura , Abdullayev Makhmudjon , Berdiyeva Rano
Published: June 2024

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 538, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453800001
RETRACTED: Research of the scientific basis of leaf surface formation indicators in medium fiber cotton varieties
Authors: Ubaydullayev Madaminjon , Asqarov Hasanboy , Nazirova Raxnamoxon , Sulaymonov Omonjon , Usmonov Nodirjon , Abdukarimova Dinara
Published: June 2024

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 538, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453800001
RETRACTED: The technology of improving the drying process of cotton raw materials in a drum dryer
Authors: Khurmamatov Abdugaffor , Umarov Elmurod , Matkarimov Shukhrat , Tojiboyev Bobur
Published: June 2024

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 538, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453800001
Rezepturen, die das Yin nähren – westliche Heilkräuter in der TCM
Authors: Ploberger Florian
Published: June 2024

Yin-nährende Rezepturen können uns stärken sowie entspannen und ruhiger machen, sodass wir uns, aber auch unsere Umwelt weniger ausbeuten. Entsprechend dem Thema „Global Health – Klima und Gesundheit“ werden in diesem Beitrag verschiedene Rezepturen vorgestellt, die das Yin nähren und dabei nicht aus importierten Heilkräutern, sondern aus westlichen Kräutern nach TCM-Kriterien zusammengestellt wurden. Auch die westlichen TCM-Rezepturen folgen dabei der wichtigen Zusammenstellung Kaiser-, Minister-, Polizei- sowie Botenkräutern. „Westliche Kräuter“ nach den Kriterien der TCM zu untersuchen, zu monografieren und im Rahmen einer präzisen, energetisch gestellten Diagnose zum Wohle der Patientinnen und Patienten einzusetzen, kann eine Bereicherung der ärztlichen Tätigkeit darstellen. Im Sinne des Leitsatzes: „Das Alte bewahren, das Neue begrüßen.“
Klima und Regionen: Einsatz einheimischer Pflanzen im ayurvedischen
Medizinsystem
Authors: Nagersheth Kalyani
Published: June 2024

Die ayurvedische Medizin (indische Naturheilkunde) gewinnt in Deutschland immer mehr an Bedeutung und
arbeitet sich auch langsam aus dem „Nur-Wellness“-Bereich heraus. Allerdings stellt sich die Frage, ob es
unter ökologischen Aspekten sinnvoll ist, asiatische Heilpflanzen oder auch nur asiatische Nahrungsmittel
in Deutschland zu verwenden. Es ist ein Transport über eine weite Entfernung notwendig, von den
Zollbestimmungen ganz zu schweigen. Ayurvedische Präparate entsprechen in vielen Fällen nicht den
deutschen Gesetzen, sie sind verunreinigt. In einigen davon wird extra Quecksilber verwendet, was in
Deutschland nicht zulässig ist. Andererseits ist das ayurvedische Medizinsystem sehr logisch, durchdacht
und wirksam und wunderbar auch außerhalb Indiens anwendbar. Daher bietet es sich an, auf einheimische
Pflanzen auszuweichen. Sie sind leicht und in guter Qualität (DAB, „Deutsches Arznei-Buch“) über die
Apotheken beziehbar und deutlich günstiger als die indischen Präparate.
Assessment of the Efficacy of an Automated AMBU Bag Operating Device (RC Device) in Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chauhan Rajeev , Bloria Summit D. , Thappa Priya , Sharma Raman , Sarna Rashi , Meena Shyam C. , Luthra Ankur , Panda Nidhi B. , Mohindra Sandeep , Singh Nidhi , Patel Swati
Published: June 2024

Background Providing efficient mechanical ventilation using artificial manual breathing unit is a tiring and laborious task for healthcare providers. The current pilot study was planned to assess the efficacy of an automated artificial mechanical breathing unit (respiration control [RC] device) in patients requiring mechanical ventilation in a tertiary care hospital in North India. RC device is an automated bag valve mask ventilator developed in collaboration with Gyrodrive Machineries (P) Ltd. India and Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh.

Materials and Methods Ten adult patients from the emergency and trauma section requiring mechanical ventilation who were unable to obtain ventilators in the intensive care unit were enrolled in the study. The vital parameters of the patients and the respiratory parameters from arterial blood gas were recorded at given time periods.

Results All 10 patients recruited in the study were ventilated using the RC device for at least 24 hours. The mean age of the patients was 32.3 ± 4.3 years. The mean Glasgow coma scale was 7.2 ± 2.0 (range: 3–10). The heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure remained within normal limits. There were no episodes of desaturation in any of the patients. The patients' care provider rated their satisfaction with the device as excellent in two patients and good in eight patients.

Conclusion RC device has shown a promising result in providing satisfactory care among trauma patients and may be used in providing routine mechanical ventilation among these patients.
The Hybrid Model of Academic Capitalism in Iranian Higher Education: A Complex Interplay of Neoliberal and State-Controlled Practices
Authors: Ramezani Seyedeh Golafrooz
Published: June 2024

This study explores the unique implementation of academic capitalism (AC) in Iranian higher education Institutions (HEIs), identifying a hybrid model that blends neoliberal strategies with state-imposed ideological controls. Employing qualitative methods, including interviews with stakeholders and analysis of educational policy documents from 1979 to 2023, the research reveals a complex interplay between market-driven approaches and rigid ideological constraints. This dual approach impacts academic freedom, institutional autonomy, and integration into the global knowledge economy, presenting a distinctive governance model that complicates the conventional understanding of AC. The findings offer profound insights for policymakers and educational administrators, suggesting the need for nuanced strategies that harmonize economic objectives with ideological imperatives.
A comprehensive framework for understanding microfinance performance evaluation methods
Authors: Sierra Javier , Muriel-Patino Victoria , Rodríguez-López Fernando
Published: June 2024

Multiple stakeholders in the microfinance sector seek to foster financial, social, and environmental development in a sustainable way by providing a wide range of products and services for financial inclusion. This heterogeneity is also reflected in the multiple methods to evaluate the performance of financial service providers. For this reason, it can be challenging for stakeholders to identify and understand the evaluation approaches that may be required to meet their needs and help them improve their performance. This study presents a comprehensive review of the existing approaches for the evaluation of the financial and social performance of microfinance. This research provides a systematic and comprehensive classification of microfinance performance evaluation methods, an explanation of evaluation methods and techniques, and a theoretical framework suitable to explain the applicability every method to assess different dimensions of microfinance. These results of this research are useful to help policymakers, donors, and practitioners understand and compare existing evaluation methods. Also, this framework enables the identification of the appropriate evaluation method according to the type of performance being examined and considering how to communicate this information effectively to the market.
Voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy-based spintronic devices for magnetic memory applications: Challenges and perspectives
Authors: Mishra Pinkesh Kumar , Sravani Meenakshi , Bose Arnab , Bhuktare Swapnil
Published: June 2024

Electronic spins provide an additional degree of freedom that can be used in modern spin-based electronic devices. Some benefits of spintronic devices include nonvolatility, energy efficiency, high endurance, and CMOS compatibility, which can be leveraged for data processing and storage applications in today's digital era. To implement such functionalities, controlling and manipulating electron spins is of prime interest. One of the efficient ways of achieving this in spintronics is to use the electric field to control electron spin or magnetism through the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect. VCMA avoids the movement of charges and significantly reduces the Ohmic loss. This article reviews VCMA-based spintronic devices for magnetic memory applications. First, we briefly discuss the VCMA effect and various mechanisms explaining its physical origin. We then mention various challenges in VCMA that impede it for practical VCMA-based magnetic memory. We review various techniques to address them, such as field-free switching operation, write error rate improvement, widening the operation window, enhancing the VCMA coefficient, and ensuring fast-read operation with low read disturbance. Finally, we draw conclusions outlining the future perspectives.
Programmable superconducting optoelectronic single-photon synapses with integrated multi-state memory
Authors: Primavera Bryce A. , Khan Saeed , Mirin Richard P. , Nam Sae Woo , Shainline Jeffrey M.
Published: June 2024

The co-location of memory and processing is a core principle of neuromorphic computing. A local memory device for synaptic weight storage has long been recognized as an enabling element for large-scale, high-performance neuromorphic hardware. In this work, we demonstrate programmable superconducting synapses with integrated memories for use in superconducting optoelectronic neural systems. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and Josephson junctions are combined into programmable synaptic circuits that exhibit single-photon sensitivity, memory cells with more than 400 internal states, leaky integration of input spike events, and 0.4 fJ programming energies (including cooling power). These results are attractive for implementing a variety of supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms and lay the foundation for a new hardware platform optimized for large-scale spiking network accelerators.
Maximum spreading of an impact droplet on a conical tip
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Li Kailiang , Liu Xin , Song Mengjie , Zhang Long , Piskunov Maxim
Published: June 2024

The droplet impact process on a conical tip is one of the key problems in the field of fluid mechanics and surface and interface science. This study examines the impact process of water droplets on the conical tip using experimental, numerical, and theoretical approaches. The volume of fluid method and the dynamic contact angle model are used and validated by comparing the numerical and experimental results in both the present work and literature. The effects of the Weber number, contact angle, and cone angle on the droplet behavior, especially the maximum spreading factor, are investigated. The findings indicate that the maximum spreading factor becomes larger at a larger Weber number, a smaller contact angle, and a cone angle. Based on energy conservation, two theoretical models considering the film and ring profiles are proposed to describe the droplet maximum spreading factor. The film and ring models are recommended for use when the maximum spreading factor is below and above 2.4, with the relative deviation of all calculated data less than ±18%. This study enhances the understanding of droplet impacts on complex surfaces and provides valuable guidance for engineering applications.
Image clustering for overtopping volume measurements
Authors: Formentin Sara Mizar , Altomare Corrado , Marzeddu Andrea , Zanuttigh Barbara
Published: June 2024

The representation of the wave overtopping is of unquestionable relevance for the assessment of the coastal and harbor safety and for the design of coastal defenses. The direct measurement of the wave overtopping volumes and discharges is a common practice in the laboratories, but it requires the installation of specific devices and instrumentation and may cause disturbance to the experiments. This contribution presents a procedure based on the image clustering to estimate the individual and the total overtopping volumes at coastal structures, while capturing the time-spatial evolution of the overtopping flow and avoiding any disturbance to the process itself. The procedure is validated against laboratory tests of focused waves on a sloping dike with a gentle and shallow foreshore and provided accurate and reliable estimations of the wave overtopping. The procedure automatically detects the individual overtopping volumes and its adaptability to different test conditions and structural configurations is proved. Requiring essentially a video camera to film the wave overtopping, the image clustering procedure can be applied also to prototype and field experiments, where the measurement of the wave overtopping may result complicated or unaffordable.
Dual-function optical modulation and detection in microring resonators integrated graphene/MoTe2 heterojunction
Authors: Wu Jianghong , Jian Jialing , Sun Boshu , Ye Yuting , Ma Hui , Tang Bo , Deng Qingyan , Tang Renjie , Li Junying , Sun Chunlei , Lin Hongtao , Li Lan
Published: June 2024

On-chip photonic devices such as modulators and photodetectors are essential building blocks for integrated photonics, enabling a wide range of applications in optical communication, sensing, and other emerging fields. Generally, optical modulation and photodetection are accomplished by two discrete devices in integrated photonic circuits, prohibiting the expansion of device functionality and the miniaturization of photonic systems. In this work, we demonstrate graphene/MoTe2 heterojunction integrating with microring resonators (MRRs) to serve as an optical modulator under positive bias voltage and a photodetector under negative bias voltage at the telecom band. Such a device primarily benefits from graphene's optoelectronic characteristics, including broadband absorption and electrostatically tunable refractive index. The obtained dual-functional MoTe2/graphene heterojunction devices demonstrate a modulation depth of ∼26.7 dB, a bandwidth of 7.0 GHz, and a self-driven, wavelength-sensitive optoelectronic response at the telecom C band. Our studies indicate that combining graphene van der Waals heterojunction with MRRs paves the way to emerging photonic applications such as neuromorphic computing while expanding the freedom for miniaturized photonic circuits.
A cell-based smoothed finite element method for three-dimensional incompressible flows using Cartesian cut-cell meshes
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Song Zhiyang , Zhou Guo , Jiang Chen , Shi Fangcheng
Published: June 2024

Cartesian cut-cell meshes are favored for their excellent complex geometric adaptability, orthogonality, and mesh generation convenience. However, the difficulty in constructing shape function for hanging-node and irregular cut-cell elements limits their use in a standard finite element method (FEM). Inspired by the point interpolation method shape function used in a smoothed finite element method (S-FEM) which adapts to the arbitrary shape of an element, this work proposes a cell-based S-FEM using Cartesian cut-cell meshes for incompressible flows. Four different types of cell-based smoothing domains (CSDs) are constructed and compared in the Cartesian cut-cell mesh, involving node-based CSD (NCSD), face-based CSD (FCSD), mixed CSD (MIXCSD), and tetrahedral CSD (T4CSD). The smoothed Galerkin weak form and semi-implicit characteristic-based split (CBS) scheme are employed for spatial discretization and stabilization of Naiver–Stokes (N–S) equations, respectively. Several numerical examples are utilized to compare the convergences, computational accuracy, and computational efficiency of proposed CSDs. The numerical results demonstrate that FCSD and T4CSD exhibit instability. Conversely, NCSD and MIXCSD exhibit good stability, and NCSD shows slightly higher computational accuracy than MIXCSD, but at a lower computational efficiency. Additionally, the results show that Cartesian cut-cell meshes offer superior computational accuracy compared to tetrahedral meshes. Therefore, the present method provides an attractive numerical technique for solving flow problems with complex geometries.
DFT + U accurate for strain effect and overall properties of perovskite oxide ferroelectrics and polaron
Authors: Watanabe Yukio
Published: June 2024

We find that the unit cell volume (V), which affects many properties, decreases too rapidly with strain when calculated with standard density functional theories (DFTs) such as local density approximation (LDA). We find that this demerit is moderated with the use of the Hubbard potential U for local electron correlation (DFT + U). However, the introduction of U to standard DFTs, e.g., LDA and Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof functional (PBE) optimized for solids (PBEsol), leads to the excessive underestimation of the spontaneous polarization (PS) and frequently extinguishes PS. Therefore, we attempt to improve the overall accuracy of DFTs for ferroelectrics by using U in several DFT methods including PBE that overestimates PS and lattice constants. We demonstrate that PBE with U (PBE + U) is in excellent agreement with the experimental properties of BaTiO3 and SrTiO3, with improvements in the estimates of lattice constants, PS, the phonon frequency, the antiferrodistortive angle of 105 K-phase SrTiO3, the bandgap, the strain dependence of V, and hole polarons. When the lattice parameters and PS moderately agree with the experimental data, PBE + U with a single U set can produce both electron and hole polarons. Hence, PBE + U can be a practical substitute of hybrid functionals for perovskite oxide ferroelectrics, except for the estimation of the bandgap. Furthermore, we propose an approach to construct a functional accurately depicting the incipient ferroelectric state of SrTiO3. Additionally, these results suggest that conventional DFT underestimates PS under compressive in-plane strain and predicts the unrealistic deformation of ferroelectrics and that in-plane-strained lattices can mitigate the problems associated with U.
Chiral 1-D coordination polymer chains featuring 1,1′-binaphthyl
Authors: Tay Hui Min , Thoonen Shannon , Hua Carol
Published: June 2024

Four 1-D chain coordination polymers containing bent 1,1′-binaphthyl ligands were synthesised with NiII, CuII and AgI. The use of (R)-4,4′-(2,2′-diethoxy-[1,1′-binaphthalene]-6,6′)dipyridine as a ligand yielded isostructural 1-D looping chains with NiII and CuII, whereas the use of AgI yielded both linear and helical 1-D chains. Changing the dipyridyl coordination groups to dicarboxylates in (S)-6,6′-dicarboxyl-2,2′-diethoxy-1,1′-binaphthalene yielded a 1-D looping chain with a CuII paddlewheel motif. The AgI 1-D chain features two crystallographically distinct 1-D chain morphologies with a triple helix and linear strips. The packing arrangement of the 1-D chains differs because of the intermolecular interactions present, with the steric bulk of the ethoxy substituent on the 1,1′-binaphthyl enabling the formation of large void spaces.
Magma-induced tectonics at the East Pacific Rise 9°50’N: Evidence from high-resolution characterization of seafloor and subseafloor
Authors: Marjanović Milena , Chen Jie , Escartín Javier , Parnell-Turner Ross , Wu Jyun-Nai
Published: June 2024

At fast-spreading centers, faults develop within the axial summit trough (AST; 0 to 250 m around the axis) primarily by diking-induced deformation originating from the axial magma lens (AML). The formation of the prominent abyssal-hill-bounding faults beyond the axial high (>2,000 m) is typically associated with the unbending of the lithosphere as it cools and spreads away from the AST. The presence of faults is rarely mapped between these two thermally distinct zones, where the lithosphere is still too hot for the faults to be linked with the process of thermal cooling and outside of the AST where the accretional diking process dominates the ridge axis. Here, we reveal a remarkable vertical alignment between the distinct morphological features of the magma body and the orientation of these faults, by comparison of 3-D seismic imagery and bathymetry data collected at the East Pacific Rise (EPR) 9°50’N. The spatial coincidence and asymmetric nucleation mode of the mapped faults represent the most direct evidence for magmatically induced faulting near the ridge axis, providing pathways for hydrothermalism and magma emplacement, helping to build the crust outside of the AST. The high-resolution seafloor and subsurface images also enable revised tectonic strain estimates, which shows that the near-axis tectonic component of seafloor spreading at the EPR is an order of magnitude smaller than previously thought with close to negligible contribution of lava buried faults to spreading.
Generalized second law for non-minimally coupled matter theories
Authors: Dhivakar Prateksh , Jalan Krishna
Published: June 2024

We establish the generalized second law (GSL) within the framework of higher curvature gravity theories, considering non-minimal couplings in the matter sector. Our proof pertains to the regime of linearized fluctuations around equilibrium black holes, aligning with previous works by Wall and Sarkar. Notably, while prior proofs addressed various gravity theories such as Lovelock theory and higher curvature gravity, they uniformly assumed minimally coupled matter sectors. In this work, we extend the proof of the linearized semi-classical GSL to encompass scenarios involving non-minimal couplings in the matter sector. Our approach involves a proposal for evaluation of the matter path integral in the expectation value of the stress tensor, adopting an effective field theory treatment for the higher derivative couplings. We leverage the recently established outcome regarding the linearized second law in such theories to substantiate our argument.
Security analysis of unidimensional continuous-variable quantum key distribution with discretized amplitude modulation
Authors: Li Yingying , Wang Tianyi
Published: June 2024

Unidimensional continuous variable quantum key distribution (UD-CVQKD) applies Gaussian modulation on one single quadrature of the coherent state. However, in practical experimentations, the finite resolution of modulator driving voltages will result in Gaussian modulation discretization. To investigate its impact on the security of UD-CVQKD, the discretization of amplitude modulation is modeled and analyzed, with the secret key rate formulated against entangling cloner attack. Simulation results demonstrate that despite the performance degradation, UD-CVQKD protocol with discretized amplitude modulation may relax the restriction on correlation parameters to extend the secure region under certain parameters, which can be beneficial to the practicability of UD-CVQKD.
Controlling dark solitons on the healing length scale
Authors: Meng Ling-Zheng , Zhao Li-Chen , Busch Thomas , Zhang Yongping
Published: June 2024

While usually the optical diffraction limit is setting a limit for the lengthscales on which a typical alkali Bose–Einstein condensate can be controlled, we show that in certain situations control via matter waves can achieve smaller resolutions. For this we consider a small number of impurity atoms which are trapped inside the density dip of a dark soliton state and show that any grey soliton state can be obtained by selectively driving the impurity atoms. This allows to fully control the position and velocity of the dark soliton, and also study controlled collisions between these non-linear objects.
Acoustic interactions with semiconductors: progression from inorganic to organic material system
Authors: Bhattacharjee Paromita , Mishra Himakshi , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan , Nemade Harshal Bhalchandra
Published: June 2024

This review article presents insights into acoustic interactions with semiconductors, exploring a continuum from electron dynamics to exciton behavior while highlighting recent developments in organic material systems. Various aspects of acoustic interactions, encompassing the manipulation of electrons and their transport mechanisms for applications in the fields of acoustoelectric and acousto-optics, explored by studying surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices integrated with inorganic and organic semiconductors, are presented here. SAWs are guided waves propagating along a piezoelectric material surface, inducing acoustic strain and piezoelectric fields within a semiconductor upon contact. These fields create a dragging force, transferring energy and momentum into the semiconductor, which manipulate and transport charge carriers, thereby generating an acoustoelectric current. Furthermore, SAW can influence exciton dynamics via type-II as well as type-I band-edge modulations, leading to alterations in their spatial distribution, causing transport of electron–hole pairs as distinct charge carrier packets and as bound pairs, respectively, along the SAW path. This paper explores advancements in these phenomena, shedding light on innovative applications and, especially, novel insights into the dynamic interplay between acoustics and organic semiconductor physics. The review concludes by outlining challenges and prospects in the field of SAW and semiconductor interactions, providing a roadmap for future research endeavors.
RETRACTED: Lightweight MDSCA-Net: an end-to-end CAN bus fault diagnosis framework
Authors: Lu Xuyao , Huang Yongjie , Liu Ruiqi , Huang Xiaofei , Liu Chuanzhu
Published: June 2024

Controller area network (CAN) buses are widely used as low-cost, highly flexible field buses in various scenarios, such as in-vehicle networks for automobiles and communication networks for industrial sites. They typically operate in harsh environments, and faults inevitably occur. CAN bus faults cannot be efficiently diagnosed via traditional manual detection. Herein, we propose a lightweight MDSCA-Net for CAN bus fault diagnosis. Deep separable convolution is used in the model instead of ordinary convolution to reduce the number of parameters and floating-point operations. Additionally, the noise immunity of the model is improved by designing a multiscale denoising module. A multiscale deep separable convolutional fusion SE attention module is designed to capture the channel dimension details of the features. Furthermore, a spatial attention module is utilized to capture the spatial dimension details of the features. Finally, a residual (Res) module stabilizes the model performance. Experimental results on the CAND dataset indicated that the proposed method achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 99% in a noise-free environment, and compared with other fault diagnosis methods, it had better noise immunity and robustness in a noisy environment, which is of considerable practical significance for ensuring the stable operation of CAN buses.