bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penyuluhan Tentang Imunisasi di Puskesmas Rawat Inap Kemiling Bandar Lampung
Authors: Ladyani Festy , Lestari Sri Maria Puji , Firdani Khairunisa , Arania Resti , Fitriyani Neno , Izzudin Abdurrohman
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK Tingkat kesehatan pada bayi perlu mendapatkan perhatian mengingat bayi atau anak sebagai penerus Bangsa. Imunisasi merupakan suatu strategi yang efektif dan efisien dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan nasional. Alasan beberapa bayi tidak mendapatkan imunisasi lengkap yaitu karena alasan informasi, motivasi dan situasi. Alasan informasi berupa kurangnya pengetahuan ibu tentang kebutuhan, kelengkapan, dan jadwal imunisasi, ketakutan akan imunisasi dan adanya persepsi salah yang beredar di masyarakat tentang imunisasi. Dan yang paling berpengaruh yaitu ketidaktahuan ibu tentang penting nya imunisasi, ketidaktahuan ibu tentang waktu yang tepat untuk imunisasi dan ketakutan akan efek samping dari imunisasi. Berdasarkan survey pendahuluan menunjukkan beberapa posyandu di wilayah puskesmas rawat inap kemiling tidak terdapat poster imunisasi yang mempengaruhi kurangnya pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi. Tujuan dari penyuluhan ini yaitu memberikan informasi tentang pentingnya imunisasi pada anak. Kata Kunci : Penyuluhan, Imunisasi, Anak ABSTRACT The level of health in infants needs attention considering that babies or children are the successors of the Nation. Immunization is an effective and efficient strategy in increasing the national health status. The reason some babies do not get complete immunization is due to information, motivation, and circumstances. The reasons for the information were in the form of the mother's lack of knowledge about immunization needs, completeness, and schedule, fear of immunization, and the wrong perception circulating in the community about immunization. And the most influential thing is the mother's ignorance about the importance of immunization, the mother's ignorance about the right time for immunization, and fear of side effects of immunization. Based on the preliminary survey, it shows that several posyandu in the inpatient health center area of Kemiling do not have immunization posters which affects the lack of knowledge of mothers about immunization. The purpose of this counseling is to provide information about the importance of immunization in children. Keywords: Counseling, Immunization, Children
Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja Di Taruna Swastika Yuwana, Desa Laban Kulon Kecamatan Menganti Kabupaten Gresik
Authors: Silalahi Veronica
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK Kesehatan reproduksi remaja adalah suatu kondisi sehat yang menyangkut sistem, fungsi dan proses reproduksi yang dimiliki oleh remaja. Masalah kesehatan reproduksi yang bisa terjadi akibat perilaku berisiko  seperti ketidaksiapan menghadapi konflik perkawinan atau aborsi, seks pranikah, kekerasan seksual, penyimpangan perilaku seksual, gangguan kesehatan, penyakit kelamin, kematian yang disebabkan oleh organ reproduksi yang belum matang. Masih tingginya masalah kesehatan reproduksi tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh masih kurangnya pengetahuan/pemahaman remaja mengenai kesehatan reproduksi. Pengabdian masyarakat melalui kegiatan pendidikan kesehatan dilakukan secara daring atau online melalui zoom meeting pada 20 responden remaja di Taruna Swastika Yuwana Desa Laban Kulon Kecamatan Menganti, Kabupaten Gresik. Kegiatan pendidikan kesehatan diawali dengan pemberian pre test dan setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan, responden diberikan post test melalui google form. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan setelah diberikan pendidkan kesehatan. Peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi, dapat membantu remaja berperilaku sehat dan dapat merubah perilaku menjadi lebih baik. Kata kunci : Pendidikan Kesehatan, Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja, Remaja  ABSTRACTAdolescent reproductive health is a health condition that concerns the reproductive systems, functions, and processes of adolescents. Reproductive health problems can occur due to risky behavior such as unpreparedness to face marital conflicts or abortion, premarital sex, sexual violence, sexual behavior deviations, health problems, venereal diseases, death caused by immature reproductive organs. The high rate of reproductive health problems can be influenced by the lack of knowledge or understanding of adolescents about reproductive health. Community service through health education activities is online by zoom meetings on 20 teenage respondents at Taruna Swastika Yuwana, Laban Kulon Village, Kec. Menganti District, Kab. Gresik. Health education activities begin with giving a pre-test and after being given health education, respondents are given a post-test by a google form. There is an increase in knowledge after being given health education. Increased knowledge and understanding of adolescents about reproductive health, can help adolescents behave healthily and can change behavior for the better  Keywords: Health Education, Adolescent reproductive health, Adolescent
Penyuluhan Bantuan Hidup Dasar Pada Siswa/i di SMA Yayasan Anastasia Pancur Batu Kabupaten Deliserdang Sumatera Utara
Authors: Pakpahan Rotua Elvina , Simorangkir Lindawati , Ginting Agustaria , Barus Mardiati , Tampubolon Lindawati , Simanullang Murni Sari Dewi , Karo Mestiana , Sigalingging Vina Yolanda
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK Kesehatan yang prima akan di dapatkan ketika tubuh mendapatkan  oksigen yang baik. Henti nafas diakibatkan melemahnya kerja jantung sampai dengan terhentinya kerja jantung dan dapat mengakibatkan tidak terpenuhinya oksigen dalam tubuh yang artinya kebutuhan dasar hidup tidak dapat terpenuhi. Tujuan dari penyuluhan bantuan hidup dasar adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan dapat melakukan tindakan secara mandiri untuk pertolongan bantuan hidup dasar di lingkungannya. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah siswa/i SMA Yayasan Anastasia Pancur Batu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyuluhan bantuan hidup dasar ini adalah dengan melakukan presentasi materi dan melakukan simulasi bantuan hidup dasar. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah siswa/i mempu mengetahui tentang dasar-dasar pemberian bantuan hidup dasar dan mampu melaksanakan pemberian bantuan hidup dasar di lingkungannya. Diharapkan dengan dilaksanakannya penyuluhan ini, pada siswa/i dapat sigap dan mampu memberikan bantuan hidup dasar guna memperkecil angka kematian. Kata Kunci : Bantuan Hidup Dasar, Penyuluhan Kesehatan ABSTRACT Excellent health will be obtained when the body gets good oxygen. Stopping breathing is caused by the weakening of the work of the heart to the cessation of the work of the heart and can result in not meeting oxygen in the body, which means that the basic needs of life cannot be fulfilled. The purpose of basic life support extension is to increase knowledge and be able to take action independently for basic life support assistance in their environment. The target of this activity is SMA Anastasia Pancur Batu Foundation. The method used in this basic life support extension is to present the material and perform basic life support simulations. The result of this activity is that students are able to know the basics of providing basic life support and are able to provide basic life support in their environment. It is hoped that with the implementation of this counseling, students can be alert and able to provide basic life support in order to reduce the mortality rate. Keywords: Basic Life Support, Health Education
Edukasi Persiapan Persalinan Pada Pasangan Hamil Dalam Menyambut Persalinan Minim Trauma
Authors: Arlym Lisa Trina , Herawati Yulia
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK Psikologis ibu dalam hal ini kecemasan dapat mempengaruhi kemajuan persalinan. Edukasi persalinan dilakukan untuk mempersiapkan ibu dalam menghadapi persalinan secara fisik dan khususnya persiapan psikologis. Edukasi dianggap cara terbaik dalam mempersiapkan persalinan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil dan pasangannya di PMB Jeanne Kota Depok. Metode yang digunakan adalah presentasi dan simulasi pada kelas ibu hamil, dilakukan juga variasi kegiatan secara outdoor dan indoor agar penyampaian lebih menarik. Hasil dari kegiatan ini efektif, terlihat antusias peserta dalam mengajukan pertanyaan. Peserta edukasi menyatakan lebih siap dan mengerti dalam menghadapi persalinan. Diharapkan kelas edukasi dapat dilaksanakan secara periodik sehingga lebih banyak lagi pasangan yang teredukasi dan siap menghadapi kehamilan dan persalinan dengan nyaman dan minim trauma. Kata kunci: kehamilan; pendidikan saat hamil; edukasi persalinan  ABSTRACT Psychologically, in this case, anxiety can affect the progress of labor. Childbirth education is carried out to prepare mothers for physical delivery and especially psychological preparation. Education is considered the best way to prepare for labor. This activity aims to increase knowledge of pregnant couples at PMB Jeanne Depok City. The methods used are presentations and class simulations for pregnant women, as well as a variety of outdoor and indoor activities so that the delivery was more interesting. The results of this activity were effective, it was seen that the participants were enthusiastic in asking questions. Educational participants were more prepared and understanding in dealing with childbirth. It is hoped that education classes can be carried out periodically so that more couples are educated and ready to face pregnancy and childbirth comfortably and with minimal trauma. Keywords: pregnancy; education during pregnancy; childbirth education
Pelaksanaan Pola Aktivitas Fisik Ringan dan Sedang pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Tk II Putri Hijau Medan
Authors: Chandra Heri , Batubara Khairunnisa
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT: IMPLEMENTATION OF LIGHT AND MODERATE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN PUTRI HIJAU HOSPITAL MEDAN. Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus or also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is caused by a decrease in sensitivity to insulin or a decrease in the amount of insulin formation which usually occurs at the age of over 40 years, but can also occur in the elderly. of children or adolescents. Non-pharmacological management of Type 2 DM that can be done is the pattern of physical activity. Physical activity is an important part of a diabetes management plan.Objective: This study aims to determine the description of nursing care in Type 2 DM patients related to the Documentation Study of Fulfilling the Needs of Physical Activity Patterns.Research Methods: The research design used was descriptive with a documentation study design using a nursing process approach. Results: There is an overview of meeting the needs of light and moderate physical activity patterns in type 2 DM patients.Conclusion: After the researchers conducted a documentation study of the fulfillment of the needs for physical activity patterns in type 2 DM patients, it could be fulfilled. It is recommended for further researchers to improve the knowledge and skills of health care providers, especially regarding nursing care. Keywords: Health Education; Activity Pattern; DM Type 2  INTISARI: PELAKSANAAN POLA AKTIVITAS FISIK RINGAN DAN SEDANG PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 DI RUMAH SAKIT TK II PUTRI HIJAU MEDAN Latar Belakang: Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 atau disebut juga sebagai penyakit  non insulin dependent diabetes melitus diakibatkan oleh penurunan sensitivitas terhadap insulin atau akibat penurunan jumlah pembentukan insulin biasanya timbul pada usia diatas 40 tahun, namun bisa juga pada usia anak-anak atau remaja. Adapun pengobatan penyakit DM Tipe 2 nonfarmakologi yang dapat dilakukan adalah pola aktivitas fisik. Aktivitas fisik ialah bagian penting rencana pengelolaan Diabetes. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran asuhan keperawatan pada pasien DM Tipe 2 terkait Studi Dokumentasi Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Pola Aktivitas Fisik.Metode Penelitian: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan rancangan studi dokumentasi menggunakan pendekatan proses keperawatan. Hasil: Didapatkan adanya gambaran pemenuhan kebutuhan pola aktivitas fisik ringan dan sedang pada pasien DM tipe 2.Kesimpulan: Setelah peneliti melakukan studi dokumentasi pemenuhan kebutuhan pola aktivitas fisik pada pasien DM tipe 2 dapat terpenuhi. Disarankan pada peneliti selanjutnya agar meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan para pemberi pelayanan kesehatan terutama menyangkut asuhan keperawatan. Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Kesehan; Pola Aktifitas; DM Tipe 2
ASSESSING UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ INTERDISCIPLINARY UNDERSTANDING OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Authors: Lan Yu , Chi Shaohui , Wang Zuhao
Published: October 2021

Science educators have highlighted the need to develop students to integrate knowledge across science disciplines to address real-world issues. However, there has been little research about the development of interdisciplinary assessment instruments. In this research, the instrument that measures the level of upper-secondary school students’ interdisciplinary understanding of environmental issues was developed and validated based upon Wilson’s Construct Modeling framework. After a pilot testing, the revised assessment instrument of interdisciplinary understanding covering five typical environmental problems comprised 14 multiple-choice questions and four constructed-response questions. Five hundred twenty-three eleventh graders, including 279 boys and 244 girls from mainland China, made up the research sample. The partial credit Rasch analysis has verified the reliability and validity of the interdisciplinary understanding instrument. In addition, the results of cluster analysis revealed that over half of the students could use some partially accurate scientific concepts and principles from two or more disciplinary perspectives to deal with a specific environmental issue. The validated instrument can provide insights for assessing and developing upper-secondary school students’ interdisciplinary understanding in science education. Keywords: Environmental Issues, Interdisciplinary Assessment, Interdisciplinary Understanding, Rasch Measurement Model, Science Education
THE NATURE OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING SCIENCE
Authors: Park Jongwon , Yoon Hye-Gyoung , Kim Mijung , Jho Hunkoog
Published: October 2021

Scientific evidence-based reasoning has been recognized as a form of reasoning that characterizes scientific thinking. This study questioned what scientific evidence means in the various types of scientific activities; that is, this study explored the nature of scientific evidence (NOSE). To do this, previous studies were examined to understand how scientific evidence was analyzed, evaluated, and utilized during the scientific activities of scientists or students in scientific or everyday situations. Through this process, seven statements were identified to describe the NOSE. This study explains these seven NOSE statements, constructs a process of scientific evidence-based reasoning as a structured form by reflecting these seven statements comprehensively, and discusses the practical implications for teaching science in schools. Finally, the limitations of this study are discussed, and possible directions for future studies are suggested. It is believed that the list of NOSE characteristics can provide a starting point for further elucidation and discussion of scientific evidence and helping students’ science learning in more authentic ways.
Keywords: evidence evaluation, evidence-based reasoning, evidence-based response, idea-based response, scientific evidence
The Relationship between Shift Work and Occupational Fatigue on Nurses Working on the Pediatrics and Internal Wards of Muhammadiyah Palembang Hospital
Authors: Artanto Ardi , Liza Chairani  , Melisa Nopa Belia  , Ahmad Ghiffari
Published: October 2021

Shift work is a method of allocating work time to different workgroups. Fatigue is defined as an abnormal sensation of tiredness, sluggishness, or a lack of desire to engage in activities, which results in stress, depression, or other negative emotions. In order to satisfy patients within 24 hours, hospitals must organize nurses by shift. The goal of this study at Muhammadiyah Palembang Hospital was to see if there was a link between shift work and fatigue in pediatric and internal ward nurses. This cross-sectional and analytic study entailed 26 respondents from the total sampling method used. In this study, those who worked shifts included those who worked in the morning (12 respondents (46.2 %), evening (8 respondents (30.8%), and night (6 respondents (23.1 %). Fatigue has been linked to 38% of RSMP's overworked pediatric ward nurses and interna, with a p-value of 0.029. The hospital should provide rest periods for nurses, especially those who work the last shift because they must adapt during the night.
Mejora del proyecto formativo de ciencias penales en la carrera o programa de derecho, mediante la investigación acción formativa
Authors: Paredes Fuertes Fernando Eduardo
Published: October 2021

Introducción:   El proyecto formativo de ciencias penales dentro de la carrera de Derecho, previa la obtención del título de Abogado o Abogada, no permite lograr los resultados de aprendizaje esperados. La aplicación del modelo socioformativo conjuga una programación sistémica articulando tareas y actividades que respondan al ejercicio práctico de la profesión. En este sentido la evaluación de la programación existente previa a una mejora significativa de contenidos es necesaria en su mejoramiento.   Objetivo:   En tal virtud fue necesario analizar los ejes temáticos enfocados en la socioformación, mediante un problema del contexto que permita articular los saberes necesarios en el cumplimiento de los resultados de aprendizaje. Metodología: Para ellos se utilizó bibliografía especializada y se empleó métodos cualitativos, críticos propositivos utilizados en la práctica docente; Principales Resultados:  Bajo los análisis realizados se consiguió obtener un aprendizaje significativo mediante la utilización del problema del contexto en la socioformación. Conclusión: Se ha logrado mejorar los aprendizajes, enfocar un problema del contexto que permita articular los saberes, y se ha concluido que los productos esperados son satisfactorios para el mejoramiento y la educación de calidad.
ON THE VERGE OF THE PROFESSIONAL HALF-CENTURY WITH THE GLORY
Authors: Onoprienko O.P.
Published: October 2021

The article tells about the history of the Anthem of Neurology, publishes words, notes and provides a link to the audio file (https://youtu.be/zVAVNAukUOA).
The author of the words is Oleksiy Onoprienko. Composer is Volodymyr Ilemsky.
The men’s choir of the G. Veryovka Ukrainian National Honored Academic Folk Choir sings.
Keywords: neurology, Anthem of Neurology, The men’s choir of the G. Veryovka Ukrainian National Honored Academic Folk Choir sings.
GLUTEN ATAXIA - A COMMON, COMMONLY MISDIAGNOSED DISEASE
Authors: Trufanov Y.O. , Svyrydova N.K. , Martynovsky M.M.
Published: October 2021

The objective of our research was to raise awareness of neurologists and family physicians about gluten ataxia and improve the diagnostic approaches.
Methods. PubMed and Google Scholar resources were used to write the review article.
Discussion. It is incredibly important not to overlook treatable courses of ataxia. One of these diseases is gluten ataxia. Early diagnosis and timely treatment (gluten-free diet) of gluten ataxia leads to a significant improvement of clinical symptoms and prevents their progression. Gluten ataxia is one of the most common and commonly misdiagnosed ataxia. Its prevalence among all ataxias is 15% and reaches 40% among all idiopathic sporadic ataxias (Hadjivassiliou M., Sanders D.D., Aeschlimann D.P., 2015).
Keywords: gluten ataxia, celiac disease, gluten-related disorders.
DISTRIBUTION OF TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO THE DISEASE IN DIFFERENT GROUPS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PHASE OF ISCHEMIC STROKE
Authors: Babirad A.M.
Published: October 2021

The objective of our research was to study the types of psychological response to the disease in different groups of patients with chronic phase of ischemic stroke.
Material and methods. 100 consecutive patients with chronic phase of ischemic stroke and 17 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia were questioned in neurology in-patient department. The types of attitude towards disease were identified with the help of the Personal Questionnaire of the Bekhterev Institute.
Results. Our data indicate that clinical (location of the ischemic lesion, severity of paresis), laboratory (cholesterol level) and individual (gender and education) factors are involved in the formation of the internal picture of the disease in patients with chronic phase of ischemic stroke.
Keywords: ischemic stroke, the Personal Questionnaire of the Bekhterev Institute, attitudes towards disease.
MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA E PROCESSOS CRIATIVOS: MAPEAMENTO DE PESQUISAS RECENTES
Authors: Silva Maria Luísa Santos , Madruga Zulma Elizabete de Freitas
Published: October 2021

Este artigo apresenta um mapeamento de pesquisas acadêmicas relacionadas à Modelagem na Educação e aos Processos Criativos, cujo objetivo é analisar como estes referenciais teóricos se apresentam em pesquisas direcionadas ao ensino e aprendizagem de matemática e/ou em diferentes campos profissionais. Como abordagem metodológica, foi utilizado o Mapeamento na Pesquisa Educacional, com dados obtidos a partir do Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES. A análise foi realizada a partir de cinco categorias, definidas a priori: a) problemas investigados/interesses de pesquisa; b) referenciais teóricos das pesquisas; c) metodologias utilizadas nas pesquisas; d) principais resultados das pesquisas; e e) perspectivas de continuidade. Este estudo possibilitou identificar associações dos marcos teóricos, evidenciando e apresentando embasamento acerca das possibilidades de se realizar trabalhos com Modelagem na Educação, utilizando os Processos Criativos em diferentes campos profissionais.
ABORDAGEM DO CONCEITO DE FUNÇÃO EXPONENCIAL E QUADRÁTICA A PARTIR DE INVESTIGAÇÕES MATEMÁTICAS
Authors: Richit Andriceli , Souza Dirlei Salete de , Richit Adriana
Published: October 2021

Este artigo analisa as contribuições de uma atividade de investigação matemática, baseada em materiais manipuláveis e tecnologias digitais, para o desenvolvimento do conceito de função quadrática e exponencial. O estudo foi realizado no contexto de um conjunto de 16 horas-aula de Matemática no Programa de Residência Pedagógica (PRP), promovidas em uma turma do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio Integrado ao Curso Técnico em Alimentos, de uma escola pública federal do oeste catarinense. O material empírico constituiu-se de registros escritos produzidos pelos alunos e pesquisadores e de registros fotográficos realizados durante o desenvolvimento das atividades. A análise qualitativa apontou contribuições das atividades investigativas em duas perspectivas: a) desenvolvimento do pensamento matemático em relação às propriedades e representações das funções quadrática e exponencial; b) articulação de estratégias e recursos para a abordagem destes tópicos curriculares da matemática.
Synergistic Antibacterial Potential and Cell Surface Topology Study of Carbon Nanodots and Tetracycline Against E. coli
Authors: Tiwari Dhermendra K. , Jha Gargi , Tiwari Manisha , Kerkar Savita , Das Suman , Gobre Vivekanand V.
Published: October 2021

Increasing drugs and antibiotic resistance against pathogenic bacteria create the necessity to explore novel biocompatible antibacterial materials. This study investigated the antibacterial effect of carbon dot (C-dot) against E. coli and suggested an effective synergistic dose of tetracycline with C-dot, using mathematical modeling of antibacterial data. Colony count and growth curve studies clearly show an enhanced antibacterial activity against E. coli synergistically treated with C-dot and tetracycline, even at a concentration ten times lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The Richards model-fit of growth curve clearly showed an increase in doubling time, reduction in growth rate, and early stationary phase in the synergistic treatment with 42% reduction in the growth rate (μm) compared to the control. Morphological studies of E. coli synergistically treated with C-dot + tetracycline showed cell damage and deposition of C-dots on the bacterial cell membrane in scanning electron microscopy imaging. We further validated the topological changes, cell surface roughness, and significant changes in the height profile (ΔZ) with the control and treated E. coli cells viewed under an atomic force microscope. We confirmed that the effective antibacterial doses of C-dot and tetracycline were much lower than the MIC in a synergistic treatment.
Regulation of Partial and Reversible Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Angiogenesis
Authors: Fang Jennifer S. , Hultgren Nan W. , Hughes Christopher C. W.
Published: October 2021

During development and in several diseases, endothelial cells (EC) can undergo complete endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT or EndMT) to generate endothelial-derived mesenchymal cells. Emerging evidence suggests that ECs can also undergo a partial EndoMT to generate cells with intermediate endothelial- and mesenchymal-character. This partial EndoMT event is transient, reversible, and supports both developmental and pathological angiogenesis. Here, we discuss possible regulatory mechanisms that may control the EndoMT program to dictate whether cells undergo complete or partial mesenchymal transition, and we further consider how these pathways might be targeted therapeutically in cancer.
Aspirin or Ticagrelor in Staphylococcus aureus Infective Endocarditis: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Leeten Kirsten , Jacques Nicolas , Lancellotti Patrizio , Oury Cécile
Published: October 2021

Infective endocarditis is a challenging disease with a high mortality and morbidity rate. Antibiotic prophylaxis is currently recommended in high-risk infective endocarditis patients. However, the use of antibiotics faces the challenge of a low efficacy and contributes further to the emerging infection rate by antibiotic-resistant strains, emphasizing the need for new therapeutic strategies. Platelets are essential in the initial phase of infective endocarditis, acting as first-line immune responders. During the first phase of disease, bacteria can interact with platelets and counteract platelet antimicrobial activities. Mechanistic in vitro and animal studies on the effect of aspirin on bacteria-platelet interactions and the prevention of vegetation development showed promising results. However, data from clinical studies on the outcome of infective endocarditis patients who were receiving medically indicated aspirin therapy remain controversial. Therefore, the benefit of antiplatelet agents in infective endocarditis prevention has been questioned. Besides aspirin, it has been discovered that the platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonist ticagrelor has antibacterial properties in addition to its potent antiplatelet activity. Furthermore, a recent study in mice and a case report remarkably indicated the ability of this drug to eradicate Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. This review will focus on current knowledge on antibacterial activity of ticagrelor, compared to aspirin, pointing out main unanswered questions. The goal is to provide food for thought as to whether a prior ticagrelor therapy might be beneficial for the prevention of infective endocarditis.
Unraveling Human Brain Development and Evolution Using Organoid Models
Authors: Fernandes Sarah , Klein Davis , Marchetto Maria C.
Published: October 2021

Brain organoids are proving to be physiologically relevant models for studying human brain development in terms of temporal transcriptional signature recapitulation, dynamic cytoarchitectural development, and functional electrophysiological maturation. Several studies have employed brain organoid technologies to elucidate human-specific processes of brain development, gene expression, and cellular maturation by comparing human-derived brain organoids to those of non-human primates (NHPs). Brain organoids have been established from a variety of NHP pluripotent stem cell (PSC) lines and many protocols are now available for generating brain organoids capable of reproducibly representing specific brain region identities. Innumerous combinations of brain region specific organoids derived from different human and NHP PSCs, with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing techniques and strategies to promote advanced stages of maturation, will successfully establish complex brain model systems for the accurate representation and elucidation of human brain development. Identified human-specific processes of brain development are likely vulnerable to dysregulation and could result in the identification of therapeutic targets or disease prevention strategies. Here, we discuss the potential of brain organoids to successfully model human-specific processes of brain development and explore current strategies for pinpointing these differences.
Autophagy in Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Authors: Wang Mengyao , Fan Ziyao , Han Hongbing
Published: October 2021

Staphylococcus aureus is an invasive, facultative intracellular pathogen that can colonize niches in various host organisms, making it difficult for the host immune system to completely eliminate. Host autophagy is an intracellular clearance pathway involved in degrading S. aureus. Whereas the accessory gene regulatory system of S. aureus that controls virulence factors could resist the host immune defenses by evading and even utilizing autophagy. This article reviews the interaction between autophagy and S. aureus, providing insights on how to use these mechanisms to improve S. aureus infection control.
Fostering Respectful and Productive Conversations: Lessons Learned From Debating Courtyards in Tibetan Buddhist Monasteries
Authors: Sangpo Lodoe , Dhuldhoya Manan , Dhuldhoya Niyati , Dias Brian G
Published: October 2021

A suspicion for perspectives that differ from one’s own is not new to human interactions. What is new, however, is the disregard and the resultant disrespect that colours mainstream discourse across the globe today, whether in the media or in person. This creates barriers to healthy interaction and hence to learning from collaboration. Our team comprises a Tibetan Buddhist monk, a writer, an editor, and a neuroscientist, and we hope this paper, guided and crafted by a regard for the diversity of our experiences across two continents, can demonstrate how respectful and productive conversations can be achieved. We begin by stating the need for forms of communication that are very different from prevailing modes of interaction. We then examine the mechanics of debate that form the foundations of communication and learning in Buddhist monastic communities and discuss how this form of debate can help us arrive at harmonious interactions. Finally, we propose a format for respectfully initiating, maintaining, and ending conversations that take place anywhere from the classroom to the boardroom and newsroom.
Machine-Learning Prediction of Postoperative Pituitary Hormonal Outcomes in Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Fang Yi , Wang He , Feng Ming , Zhang Wentai , Cao Lei , Ding Chenyu , Chen Hongjie , Wei Liangfeng , Mu Shuwen , Pei Zhijie , Li Jun , Zhang Heng , Wang Renzhi , Wang Shousen
Published: October 2021

Objective

No accurate predictive models were identified for hormonal prognosis in non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA). This study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models to facilitate the prognostic assessment of pituitary hormonal outcomes after surgery.

Methods

A total of 215 male patients with NFPA, who underwent surgery in four medical centers from 2015 to 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. The data were pooled after heterogeneity assessment, and they were randomly divided into training and testing sets (172:43). Six ML models and logistic regression models were developed using six anterior pituitary hormones.

Results

Only thyroid-stimulating hormone (p < 0.001), follicle-stimulating hormone (p < 0.001), and prolactin (PRL; p < 0.001) decreased significantly following surgery, whereas growth hormone (GH) (p < 0.001) increased significantly. The postoperative GH (p = 0.07) levels were slightly higher in patients with gross total resection, but the PRL (p = 0.03) level was significantly lower than that in patients with subtotal resection. The optimal model achieved area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve values of 0.82, 0.74, and 0.85 in predicting hormonal hypofunction, new deficiency, and hormonal recovery following surgery, respectively. According to feature importance analyses, the preoperative levels of the same type and other hormones were all important in predicting postoperative individual hormonal hypofunction.

Conclusion

Fluctuation in anterior pituitary hormones varies with increases and decreases because of transsphenoidal surgery. The ML models could accurately predict postoperative pituitary outcomes based on preoperative anterior pituitary hormones in NFPA.
Utilization of Data-Driven Methods in Solar Desalination Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Alhuyi Nazari Mohammad , Salem Mohamed , Mahariq Ibrahim , Younes Khaled , Maqableh Bashar B.
Published: October 2021

Renewable energy sources have been used for desalination by employing different technologies and mediums due to the limitations of fossil fuels and the environmental issues related to their consumption. Solar energy is one of the most applicable types of renewable sources for desalination in both direct and indirect ways. The performance of solar desalination is under effects of different factors which makes their performance prediction difficult in some cases. In this regard, data-driven methods such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) would be proper tools for their modeling and output forecasting. In the present article, a comprehensive review is provided on the applications of different data-driven approaches in performance modeling of solar-based desalination units. It can be concluded that by employing these methods with proper inputs and structures, the outputs of the solar desalination units can be reliably and accurately forecasted. In addition, several recommendations are produced for the upcoming work in the relevant areas of the study.
Past Biodiversity: Japanese Historical Monographs Document the Epibiotic Barnacles and Cold-Stunning Event of the Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata
Authors: Hayashi Ryota
Published: October 2021

The historical monographs called “Honzou Gaku” present the first record of cold-stunning of a hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766) in the Echigo region of Japan during the Edo period (1600–1868), and the barnacles attached to the turtle were identified as Platylepas hexastylos (Fabricius, 1798). Analysis of this finding adds substantial knowledge to our understanding of the life history of the hawksbill turtles along the coast of Japan. As reported in this study, literature on the historical heritage of other animals or plants can also provide information about their past biodiversity.
Altering the Immunogenicity of Hemagglutinin Immunogens by Hyperglycosylation and Disulfide Stabilization
Authors: Thornlow Dana N. , Macintyre Andrew N. , Oguin Thomas H. , Karlsson Amelia B. , Stover Erica L. , Lynch Heather E. , Sempowski Gregory D. , Schmidt Aaron G.
Published: October 2021

Influenza virus alters glycosylation patterns on its surface exposed glycoproteins to evade host adaptive immune responses. The viral hemagglutinin (HA), in particular the H3 subtype, has increased its overall surface glycosylation since its introduction in 1968. We previously showed that modulating predicted N-linked glycosylation sites on H3 A/Hong Kong/1/1968 HA identified a conserved epitope at the HA interface. This epitope is occluded on the native HA trimer but is likely exposed during HA “breathing” on the virion surface. Antibodies directed to this site are protective via an ADCC-mediated mechanism. This glycan engineering strategy made an otherwise subdominant epitope dominant in the murine model. Here, we asked whether cysteine stabilization of the hyperglycosylated HA trimer could reverse this immunodominance by preventing access to the interface epitope and focus responses to the HA receptor binding site (RBS). While analysis of serum responses from immunized mice did not show a redirection to the RBS, cysteine stabilization did result in an overall reduction in immunogenicity of the interface epitope. Thus, glycan engineering and cysteine stabilization are two strategies that can be used together to alter immunodominance patterns to HA. These results add to rational immunogen design approaches used to manipulate immune responses for the development of next-generation influenza vaccines.
Bivalve Feeding on the Brown Tide Aureoumbra lagunensis in a Shallow Coastal Environment
Authors: Galimany Eve , Lunt Jessica , Freeman Christopher J. , Segura-García I. , Mossop M. , Domingos A. , Houk J. , Paul Valerie J.
Published: October 2021

Brown tides formed by Aureoumbra lagunensis decrease light penetration in the water column and are often followed by hypoxic events that result in the loss of fish and shellfish. To understand the ability of bivalve filter feeders to control and prevent A. lagunensis blooms, we exposed eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), hooked mussels (Ischadium recurvum), and hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) to a naturally co-occurring brown tide in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, United States. Bivalves were exposed in the laboratory to multiple concentrations (104 to 106 cells mL–1) of isotopically labeled (13C and 15N) A. lagunensis cells. The standard clearance rate (herein clearance rate) of each bivalve species was calculated using flow cytometry to quantify A. lagunensis cell removal. The highest clearance rates were at 104 cells mL–1, but values varied across bivalve species (2.16 ± 0.30, 3.03 ± 0.58, and 0.41 ± 0.12 L h–1 for C. virginica, I. recurvum, and M. mercenaria, respectively). Although clearance rates decreased with increasing bloom concentrations, bivalves were still consuming algal cells at all concentrations and were retaining and assimilating more cells at the highest concentrations, as revealed by δ13C and δ15N values. We highlight interspecific differences among bivalve species in the removal of A. lagunensis, supporting the importance of healthy and diverse filter feeding communities in estuaries, especially as threats of brown tides and other HABs are increasing in the Anthropocene.
Factors that Influence the Reported Sensitivity of Rapid Antigen Testing for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Parvu Valentin , Gary Devin S. , Mann Joseph , Lin Yu-Chih , Mills Dorsey , Cooper Lauren , Andrews Jeffrey C. , Manabe Yukari C. , Pekosz Andrew , Cooper Charles K.
Published: October 2021

Tests that detect the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen in clinical specimens from the upper respiratory tract can provide a rapid means of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis and help identify individuals who may be infectious and should isolate to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. This systematic review assesses the diagnostic accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection in COVID-19 symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals compared to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and summarizes antigen test sensitivity using meta-regression. In total, 83 studies were included that compared SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen-based lateral flow testing (RALFT) to RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2. Generally, the quality of the evaluated studies was inconsistent; nevertheless, the overall sensitivity for RALFT was determined to be 75.0% (95% confidence interval: 71.0–78.0). Additionally, RALFT sensitivity was found to be higher for symptomatic vs. asymptomatic individuals and was higher for a symptomatic population within 7 days from symptom onset compared to a population with extended days of symptoms. Viral load was found to be the most important factor for determining SARS-CoV-2 antigen test sensitivity. Other design factors, such as specimen storage and anatomical collection type, also affect the performance of RALFT. RALFT and RT-qPCR testing both achieve high sensitivity when compared to SARS-CoV-2 viral culture.
The Structure and Function of the Glycocalyx and Its Connection With Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Jin Jing , Fang Fuquan , Gao Wei , Chen Hanjian , Wen Jiali , Wen Xuehua , Chen Junfa
Published: October 2021

The vascular endothelial glycocalyx is a dense, bush-like structure that is synthesized and secreted by endothelial cells and evenly distributed on the surface of vascular endothelial cells. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is mainly composed of pericytes endothelial cells, glycocalyx, basement membranes, and astrocytes. The glycocalyx in the BBB plays an indispensable role in many important physiological functions, including vascular permeability, inflammation, blood coagulation, and the synthesis of nitric oxide. Damage to the fragile glycocalyx can lead to increased permeability of the BBB, tissue edema, glial cell activation, up-regulation of inflammatory chemokines expression, and ultimately brain tissue damage, leading to increased mortality. This article reviews the important role that glycocalyx plays in the physiological function of the BBB. The review may provide some basis for the research direction of neurological diseases and a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases.
Genetic Transsynaptic Techniques for Mapping Neural Circuits in Drosophila
Authors: Ni Lina
Published: October 2021

A neural circuit is composed of a population of neurons that are interconnected by synapses and carry out a specific function when activated. It is the structural framework for all brain functions. Its impairments often cause diseases in the nervous system. To understand computations and functions in a brain circuit, it is of crucial importance to identify how neurons in this circuit are connected. Genetic transsynaptic techniques provide opportunities to efficiently answer this question. These techniques label synapses or across synapses to unbiasedly label synaptic partners. They allow for mapping neural circuits with high reproducibility and throughput, as well as provide genetic access to synaptically connected neurons that enables visualization and manipulation of these neurons simultaneously. This review focuses on three recently developed Drosophila genetic transsynaptic tools for detecting chemical synapses, highlights their advantages and potential pitfalls, and discusses the future development needs of these techniques.
Evaluation of Natalizumab Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Toward Individualized Doses
Authors: Serra López-Matencio Jose M. , Pérez García Yaiza , Meca-Lallana Virginia , Juárez-Sánchez Raquel , Ursa Angeles , Vega-Piris Lorena , Pascual-Salcedo Dora , de Vries Annick , Rispens Theo , Muñoz-Calleja Cecilia
Published: October 2021

Background: Plasma concentration of natalizumab falls above the therapeutic threshold in many patients who, therefore, receive more natalizumab than necessary and have higher risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Objective: To assess in a single study the individual and treatment characteristics that influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of natalizumab in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in the real-world practice.

Methods: Prospective observational study to analyse the impact of body weight, height, body surface area, body mass index, gender, age, treatment duration, and dosage scheme on natalizumab concentrations and the occupancy of α4-integrin receptor (RO) by natalizumab.

Results: Natalizumab concentrations ranged from 0.72 to 67 μg/ml, and RO from 26 to 100%. Body mass index inversely associated with natalizumab concentration (beta = −1.78; p ≤ 0.001), as it did body weight (beta = −0.34; p = 0.001), but not height, body surface area, age or gender Extended vs. standard dose scheme, but not treatment duration, was inversely associated with natalizumab concentration (beta = −7.92; p = 0.016). Similar to natalizumab concentration, body mass index (beta = −1.39; p = 0.001) and weight (beta = −0.31; p = 0.001) inversely impacted RO. Finally, there was a strong direct linear correlation between serum concentrations and RO until 9 μg/ml (rho = 0.71; p = 0.003). Nevertheless, most patients had higher concentrations of natalizumab resulting in the saturation of the integrin.

Conclusions: Body mass index and dosing interval are the main variables found to influence the pharmacology of natalizumab. Plasma concentration of natalizumab and/or RO are wide variable among patients and should be routinely measured to personalize treatment and, therefore, avoid either over and underdosing.
Testing Fmr1KO Phenotypes in Response to GSK3 Inhibitors: SB216763 versus AFC03127
Authors: Westmark Pamela R. , Garrone Beatrice , Ombrato Rosella , Milanese Claudio , Di Giorgio Francesco Paolo , Westmark Cara J.
Published: October 2021

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a proline-directed serine-threonine kinase that is associated with several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and fragile X syndrome (FXS). We tested the efficacy of a novel GSK3 inhibitor AFC03127, which was developed by Angelini Pharma, in comparison to the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 inhibitor 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP) and the GSK3 inhibitor SB216763 inin vivoandin vitroassays inFmr1KOmice, a mouse model useful for the study of FXS. Thein vivoassay tested susceptibility to audiogenic-induced seizures (AGS) whereas thein vitroassays assessed biomarker expression and dendritic spine length and density in cultured primary neurons as a function of drug dose. MPEP and SB216763 attenuated AGS inFmr1KOmice, whereas AFC03127 did not. MPEP and AFC03127 significantly reduced dendritic expression of amyloid-beta protein precursor (APP). All drugs rescued spine length and the ratio of mature dendritic spines. Spine density was not statistically different between vehicle and GSK3 inhibitor-treated cells. The drugs were tested over a wide concentration range in thein vitroassays to determine dose responses. A bell-shaped dose response decrease in APP expression was observed in response to AFC03127, which was more effective than SB216763. These findings confirm previous studies demonstrating differential effects of various GSK3 inhibitors on AGS propensity inFmr1KOmice and confirm APP as a downstream biomarker that is responsive to GSK3 activity.