bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Bioinformatics Approach for Detecting Repetitive Nested Motifs using Pattern Matching
Authors: Romero José R. , Carballido Jessica A. , Garbus Ingrid , Echenique Viviana C. , Ponzoni Ignacio
Published: October 2016

The identification of nested motifs in genomic sequences is a complex computational problem. The detection of these patterns is important to allow the discovery of transposable element (TE) insertions, incomplete reverse transcripts, deletions, and/or mutations. In this study, a de novo strategy for detecting patterns that represent nested motifs was designed based on exhaustive searches for pairs of motifs and combinatorial pattern analysis. These patterns can be grouped into three categories, motifs within other motifs, motifs flanked by other motifs, and motifs of large size. The methodology used in this study, applied to genomic sequences from the plant species Aegilops tauschii and Oryza sativa, revealed that it is possible to identify putative nested TEs by detecting these three types of patterns. The results were validated through BLAST alignments, which revealed the efficacy and usefulness of the new method, which is called Mamushka.
Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Exercise in Breast Cancer Prevention: Identifying Common Targets
Authors: Abdelmagid Salma A. , MacKinnon Jessica L. , Janssen Sarah M. , Ma David W.L.
Published: October 2016

Diet and exercise are recognized as important lifestyle factors that significantly influence breast cancer risk. In particular, dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to play an important role in breast cancer prevention. Growing evidence also demonstrates a role for exercise in cancer and chronic disease prevention. However, the potential synergistic effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise is yet to be determined. This review explores targets for breast cancer prevention that are common between n-3 PUFA intake and exercise and that may be important study outcomes for future research investigating the combined effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise. These lines of evidence highlight potential new avenues for research and strategies for breast cancer prevention.
Hydrologic controls on aperiodic spatial organization of the ridge–slough patterned landscape
Authors: Casey Stephen T. , Cohen Matthew J. , Acharya Subodh , Kaplan David A. , Jawitz James W.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. A century of hydrologic modification has altered the physical and biological drivers of landscape processes in the Everglades (Florida, USA). Restoring the ridge–slough patterned landscape, a dominant feature of the historical system, is a priority but requires an understanding of pattern genesis and degradation mechanisms. Physical experiments to evaluate alternative pattern formation mechanisms are limited by the long timescales of peat accumulation and loss, necessitating model-based comparisons, where support for a particular mechanism is based on model replication of extant patterning and trajectories of degradation. However, multiple mechanisms yield a central feature of ridge–slough patterning (patch elongation in the direction of historical flow), limiting the utility of that characteristic for discriminating among alternatives. Using data from vegetation maps, we investigated the statistical features of ridge–slough spatial patterning (ridge density, patch perimeter, elongation, patch size distributions, and spatial periodicity) to establish more rigorous criteria for evaluating model performance and to inform controls on pattern variation across the contemporary system. Mean water depth explained significant variation in ridge density, total perimeter, and length : width ratios, illustrating an important pattern response to existing hydrologic gradients. Two independent analyses (2-D periodograms and patch size distributions) provide strong evidence against regular patterning, with the landscape exhibiting neither a characteristic wavelength nor a characteristic patch size, both of which are expected under conditions that produce regular patterns. Rather, landscape properties suggest robust scale-free patterning, indicating genesis from the coupled effects of local facilitation and a global negative feedback operating uniformly at the landscape scale. Critically, this challenges widespread invocation of scale-dependent negative feedbacks for explaining ridge–slough pattern origins. These results help discern among genesis mechanisms and provide an improved statistical description of the landscape that can be used to compare among model outputs, as well as to assess the success of future restoration projects.
Brief communication: Impacts of a developing polynya off Commonwealth Bay,
East Antarctica, triggered by grounding of iceberg B09B
Authors: Fogwill Christopher J. , van Sebille Erik , Cougnon Eva A. , Turney Chris S. M. , Rintoul Steve R. , Galton-Fenzi Benjamin K. , Clark Graeme F. , Marzinelli E. M. , Rainsley Eleanor B. , Carter Lionel
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The dramatic calving of the Mertz Glacier tongue in 2010, precipitated by the movement of iceberg B09B, reshaped the oceanographic regime across the Mertz Polynya and Commonwealth Bay, regions where high-salinity shelf water (HSSW) – the precursor to Antarctic bottom water (AABW) – is formed. Here we present post-calving observations that suggest that this reconfiguration and subsequent grounding of B09B have driven the development of a new polynya and associated HSSW production off Commonwealth Bay. Supported by satellite observations and modelling, our findings demonstrate how local icescape changes may impact the formation of HSSW, with potential implications for large-scale ocean circulation.
The Effects of Reading Habits on Performance in Reading Skills by Foundation Level Omani Students
Authors: Samaranayake Sarath Withanarachchi , Sultan Basit
Published: October 2016

The current study investigates the effects of reading habits among foundation level students studying English in a tertiary level context in Oman. The study consisted of 70 participants and the qualitative data was collected through a survey questionnaire while the quantitative data was gathered from college-based two tests. At the end of the study, the data were analyzed quantitatively to ascertain whether there was a possible relationship between positive reading habits in English and the participants’ performance in an examination setting. The results indicated that there was a link between the participants’ positive reading habits and their test scores in an examination setting. Given the positive results that emerged through this study, researchers would like to recommend that EFL/ESL teachers should guide and encourage their students to reading as it will help learners to improve all aspects of literacy and success in achieving educational goals.
Gene Expression Profile of Renal Cell Carcinomas after Neoadjuvant Treatment with Sunitinib: New Pathways Revealed
Authors: Dzik Carlos , Reis Sabrina T. , Viana Nayara I. , Brito Glauber , Paloppi Isis , Nahas Willian , Srougi Miguel , Leite Katia R.M.
Published: November 2016

Background

In renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of the clear cell type, inactivity of the VHL gene induces overexpression of HIF1 α and its targets, the tyrosine kinase receptors, promoting RCC development and progression. The discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) changed the treatment of these tumors. Other molecular pathways involved in the TKI mechanisms of action have not been described in the literature. The aim of our study was to elucidate alternative mechanisms of action of sunitinib in tumor tissue after neoadjuvant treatment of RCC.

Methods

The gene expression profile was accessed using microarray (Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 platform) and frozen RCC tissues collected from 5 patients with locally advanced non-metastatic tumors who underwent nephrectomy after being treated with 2 cycles of neoadjuvant sunitinib. The results were compared with matched controls comprising 6 patients with no neoadjuvant intervention.

Results

There was underexpression of the majority of genes after sunitinib treatment. The lower expression levels of IGFBP1, CCL20, CXCL6 and FGB were confirmed by qRT-PCR in all cases. The downregulation of gene expression leads us to search for methylation as a mechanism of action of the TKI. IGFBP1 was shown to be methylated by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting technique.

Conclusions

The ultimate genetic effects of sunitinib may explain its actions as an antitumor drug that apparently suppresses the expression of important genes related to cell survival, adhesion, invasion and immunomodulation. The methylation of gene promoters was shown to be part of the mechanism of action of this class of drugs.
Performance of physical examination versus ultrasonography to detect stenosis in haemodialysis arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Maldonado-Cárceles Ana B. , García-Medina José , Torres-Cantero Alberto M.
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The overall purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of physical examination (PE) versus ultrasonography (US) in people with arteriovenous fistula (AVF).

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study with a total of 99 patients attended by the vascular radiology unit for AVF evaluation during January - March 2015. PE and ultrasonography were blinded performed by different radiologists. For complete and individual signs of PE, sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive (PPV) and negative (PNV) value, likelihood ratios (LR) and Cohen's κ value were measured.

Results

According to ultrasonography, the presence of stenosis was identified in 57 (58%) patients, and 61 (62%) by PE. The accuracy of PE for the diagnosis of AVF was sensitivity 82%, specificity 67%, PPV 77%, NPV 74%, LR 2.74 and 0.26. There was a moderate agreement beyond chance between PE and ultrasonography (κ = 0.5).

Conclusions

PE has shown a moderate accuracy to detect stenosis. With non-ultrasonography availability Haemodialysis Units can get benefit to optimize VA survival and professionals should improve its basic skills.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Cancer and Clinical Oncology, Vol. 5, No. 2
Authors: Grey Lexie
Published: October 2016

Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.

Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/reviewer and e-mail the completed application form to sar@ccsenet.org.

 

Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 4

Aftab Alam, Vice President Agriculture (R&D), Edenworks Inc. New York, United States

Amor Slama, Science Faculty of Bizerte, Tunisia

Bernard Palmer Kfuban Yerima, University of Dschang, Cameroon

Beye Amadou Amadou Moustapha, Rice Research Center, Cote d'Ivoire

Carlos Enrrik Pedrosa, Alis-Bom Despacho-MG, Brazil

Gema Parra, Universidad de Jaén, Spain

Inder Pal Singh  Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University (GADVASU), India

Kleber Campos Miranda-Filho, UFMG, Brazil

Mrutyunjay Swain, Sardar Patel University, India

Murtazain Raza, Subsidiary of Habib Bank AG Zurich, Pakistan

S. Dharumarajan, Scientist, National Bureau of soil survey and land use planning, Bangalore, India
Sentencing Postponed in the Penal Code in 1392
Authors: Lashgari Mohammad , Nezhad Mehrabadi Zahra Abedi
Published: October 2016

Sentencing postponed is one of the new installations of IPC (The Islamic Penal Code) that its Basics of criminology have not been studied yet. Hence, human approach to punishment and reduce resort to punishments can cause decrease in crime and commits compatibility. Postponing the Sentence towards criminals in order to decriminalize and not resort to punishment is one of the institutions that can achieve to the Goals considered by Criminal Matters policymakers In order to reduce recidivism. Therefore Iranian legislator well as in order achieving the objectives of long-standing human means reducing crime rates, is trying to impose new facility with Reform-driven approach. Postponement of the sentence is one of the Facilities that in The Penal Code adopted 1392attracted the attention of Legislator postponing institution by delaying the sentence gives the opportunity to the offender to return to society, And once again resume a healthy social life. Postponing sentence is leniency that only is includes limited offenses with prescribed punishment. Crimes that because of their non-violent and light of them and less dangerous of their commits Faster and easier leads to reduce recidivism and offender rehabilitation. this study holds that by Documents library method (analytical descriptive), paid to the new installations Islamic Penal Code related to the postponed sentence of offenders and crimes and offenses that would be subject to such a ruling. It should be noted that the statistical community of this study is all books, articles, laws and reputable sites that researchers in the current study uses them.
Forming the Concept of Crime in Theoretical System of Post Modernism
Authors: Parviz Tavasolizadeh , Akbar Varvai
Published: October 2016

One of the dimensions of social changing is the people’s aspects in any era toward the topic of crime, punishment, and administration of justice as well as legal agenda. Therefore the concept of crime has passed historical changes base on the social contexts in which it is located. The connections and relations among the elements, that make the concept of crime, were variable and different. Some scholars concern the present era as a postmodern era which has been emerged after the era of modernity and it somehow has forced itself on societies. In this era all concepts and agendas have been changed in concept and discourse. The concept of crime and criminology has also been changed in both sides. The scholars of this area believe that metamorphosis happens in the concept of crime from modern era into a new critical and postmodern formation. Therefore this study is going to form the concept of crime in theoretical system of postmodernism. The findings of this study shows that crime in the era of postmodernism and in that conceptual system is a kind of “discourse constructed” and is a kind of function of the dominant power and social conditions .
Comparative Study of Legal Literacy Level of the Elementary and Secondary School Teachers
Authors: Marzooghi Rahmatallah , Sadeghi Mohammad Hadi , Mohammadi Mehdi , Karimi Mohammad Hassan , Hammadzadeh Kamal Mo
Published: October 2016

The goal of research was the comparison of legal literacy level of elementary and secondary school teachers. The research design was a descriptive-correlational method. By using stratified sampling method 158 teachers were selected and pariticipated in the study. Research tool was a researcher made questionnaire beasd on the dimentions of legal literacy. The results showed that the teachers of elementary and secondary schools have not appropriate legal literacy. The findings also indicate that there is a significant difference in legal literacy between male and female teachers, and there is no significant difference between the legal literacy of elementary and secondary school teachers.
Observing the Accused Person Interrogation Rights in Pretrial Period in Iran’s Law and the International Charter of Human Rights
Authors: Taebloo Feizollah Salehi , Naini Manuchehr Tavassoli
Published: October 2016

The culprit is one of the fixed parties in penal judgments and because he is to be stood before the social rights with the support of the prosecutor he enjoys a vulnerable judicial standpoint. The person being charged with a crime or an offence faces the judicial system in the preliminary investigation stage, in other words, pretrial stage. In this stage the culprit, due to the fact that has not been convicted to any crime, he has to undergo interrogation and investigation based on the acquittal principle and preservation of the human prestige and credit. Interrogating the culprit is the main axiom of the pretrial period and it is possible that the culprits be exposed to torture and inhumane behaviors as a result of their rights being ignored and their human dignity being refused by the interrogating bodies. Therefore, the accused person should be enjoying the rights and liberties under the shade of the fair judgment. On the other hand, fair judgment is not intended solely for safeguarding the accused person’s defense rights, rather a just proceeding in its exact meaning is seeking to serve the preservation and supporting the rights and the liberties of all of the individuals who somehow share the legal procedure process. Observing a fair procedure should not be taken as to mean leniency for any single one person, rather observing such principles in the proceedings causes the humanity aspect of the parties not to be underestimated and justice and fairness can be implemented and served regarding their rights.
In the present article because it is carried out in humanities realm we have tried to make use of an analytical-descriptive method through the use of the international charter of human rights and requirements and the constitutional laws in Iran and this is while the accused individual rights in the pretrial period has also been enumerated and elucidated on and then we deal with the survey of the Iran’s judicial system and the international charter of human rights regarding the methods of keeping a hold onto such rules and regulations and consequently we will figure that in both of the described systems it has been frequently emphasized on observing the accused person’s rights in the majority of the cases in this period and there has been criminal enforcement mandates for it.
The Coalition for Counter-Terrorism Airstrikes and the Indifference of Some Countries: A Critical Study
Authors: Tadayoni Abbas , Partavousi Azita
Published: October 2016

Daesh or the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), is one of the most intimidating terrorist groups of contemporary world. In addition to many statements, resolutions and meetings, various airstrikes have been organized by different countries to counteract the terrorist group of ISIS. However, the use and success of these airstrikes are open to doubt. Given the significance of having a better understanding of this topic and finding an efficient method to fight and eradicate terrorism, the present essay analyzes the issue in its multifaceted dimensions. More specifically, the essay investigates the role of the coalition for the use of airstrikes and the indifference of some countries to the problem. In doing so, first a definition and brief survey of the concept of terrorism are given. Then, the rise of ISIS and its beliefs are discussed, followed by discussing the role of anti-ISIS coalition and the different meetings in fighting ISIS with an emphasis on the use and efficiency of airstrikes. Finally, a conclusion of the discussion is presented.
Environmental Diplomacy: A Framework for Growth of International Interaction and Cooperation for Achievement of Global Peace
Authors: Tayebi Sobhan , Moosavi Seyed Fazlollah , Poorhashemi Seyed Abbas
Published: October 2016

Protection of the Environment nowadays is the top Priority on the Agenda of the International Community of Decision-Makers. The increasing Importance of the Issue Is Due To The Fact That Minor National Environmental Crises Have Developed into Major International ones. Surely Sustainability in Development and Environmental Protectiondoes not occur without Serious Regional Interactions And International Cooperation. Hence, Despite the Improved International Relations And Capacities As Well As The Existing Mechanisms, Inter Alia, The International Rules, The Global Community should attempt Towards Interactions To Protect The Global Security against Major Challenges and Keep Global Peace in a stable process. Hence, Environmental Diplomacy Is a Major Issue that is Efficient in the Interactions among Countries and, Ultimately, Citizens, Adding to the Depth of Peace and Security. In This Direction, Constructive Interactions on a National Scale As well As Effective Interactions on Regional and International Scales form An Effective Strategy to encounrer Increasing Environmental Threats. The Aim of This Study Is discussion And An Exploration of Environmental Diplomacy In Light Of International Interactions And Cooperation.
Investigation of Crisis Management Structure of the Selected Countries with an Emphasis on Natural Disasters Using Multi-Case Study Method
Authors: Afzali Ali Asghar Melk , Shojaei Daryush
Published: October 2016

Since Iran is regarded as a high risky country in terms of natural disasters, it is essential to pay attention to the crisis management agendas. One of the approaches used for disaster management is a community-based approach. This paper aims to take a positive step in direction of optimal disaster management, by studying and investigating the disaster management structures of both developed and developing countries in terms of climate and occurrence of disaster similarities between target countries (U.S.A, Canada, Japan, turkey, India, Pakistan) and Islamic republic of Iran, by adopting the comparative study method. The findings indicate that there is an authenticity between type and extent of development and decentralized structure of the disaster management; as a result the decentralized structure provides a required arena for comprehensive participation at various levels. The social capability subjected to the dangers will be increased in confronting disasters and society recover to the prior state will be boosted, if authorities can establish a balance between provincial, city, district and rural capacities and potentials usage of Iran and planning in all cycles of disaster management and decentralized structure.
The Study of the Authority of an Act of Infallible Imam and Its Illustrations in Jurisprudence
Authors: Ojagh Akram Sadat , Sedighi Ebrahim , Rezaei Jamal
Published: October 2016

This research aims to study the Authority of act of Infallible Imam and its illustrations in Jurisprudence through a descriptive-analytic method. Tradition is the second source of legislation and includes the words, actions and writings infallible Imam. Its authority has been proved by the evidence of four including books, tradition, reason and consensus. One aspect of that tradition is the source of discrepancies between the three principal Shiite and Sunni, act of infallible Imam. For this purpose, it has been tried, first, through discussion to prove the infallibility of the Prophet and the Imams and the current tradition in terms of attribution to its owner. Also, we examined the expression of act and the innocent denote each independently. If the work is done from infallible Imam of his peculiarities, certainly will not be a place for spreading it to others verdict. He coordinates if it is not; it certainly is the verdict for all Muslims. As a result, his action is a proof to us.
Reflection on Judicial System’S Corruption and Offering Solutions to Promote Its Safety
Authors: Rahimi Roohollah , Shakeri Hamid
Published: October 2016

Judicial system of a society is responsible for consolidation and durability of its citizen’s mental and physical, personal and social health and judges bear decision making about citizens’ life, the freedom, rights, duties and estates. One of the items contained in United Nations’ charter is creating the conditions which in it, it is provided justice, respect to human’s rights and basic freedoms without any discrimination. With this purpose, countries’ judicial system should have full safety and in order that anti-corruption laws find run opportunity, it is natural that at first judicial system should be safe from corruption.
Writers in this study are paid to investigate reasons and fields of judicial’s corruption to achieve available best procedures in countries’ internal courts and judicial system with the aim of offering global standards and it is introduced available tools to qualitative increase of supervision and establishment of judicial’s security. After reviewing available national and international standards, this article is paid to offer solutions in the direction of judicial system safety’s promotion of Islamic Republic of Iran, assuming that the results of such approach will be increasing of public welfare and trust toward Islamic government.
Exportation of Interim Order by the Arbitrator with an Approach to the Civil Procedure Code
Authors: Moghaddam Malihe Khaleghi , Afshari Maryam
Published: October 2016

Arbitration is as old as human history, and disagreements between people can be resolved through arbitration thousands of years before the judicial institutions can be formed in their very primary form. Gradually communities were established growing, and it would be necessary to be approved various laws and prosperity in the field of arbitration. In this regard, Iranian legislator was discussed arbitration issue, in one of his legislative actions on April ninth of two thousand during approval of the Civil Procedure Code and in its seventh, but surprisingly in this law is not only considered notable authority to judge, but there was also silence regarding the authority interim command exportation by arbitrator. On this basis of the aforementioned attributes and aims to improve of arbitration process in the rights of Iran, we try to review and analyze authority issue interim command up to a clear possibility of issuing a temporary order by the ship's helm justice, in accordance with the provisions of our law.
Perjury and Its Effects in the View of Jurisprudence and Criminal Law
Authors: Ahmadi Seyed Mehdi
Published: October 2016

Importance of testimony of witnesses as one of the reasons for proving the dispute has long story in our jurisprudence and criminal law to such extent that in Imamieh jurisprudence the award of judge follows from testimony of witnesses and is considered as a means for finalizing the proceeding. However, if the perjury is proved by documents and evidences and or knowledge of the judge, witness inadvertently encounters with different effects of committed crime. This paper while defining the concept of perjury crime aims to study the elements and building blocks as well as types of punishments determined for this crime and finally analyze and determine the effects of perjury crime in jurisprudence and criminal law.
Jordan Role in Compacting International Terrorism
Authors: Rabie Ziad M.
Published: October 2016

Many Arabic countries are suffering from big waves of International terrorism, to a point that it requires from all countries to unify their efforts in compacting the international terrorism; Jordan in other hand had played a great role in compacting it, and as a result many laws had been issued in Jordan criminalizing such terrorist acts.

Not only that, but Jordan had joined the international coalition to compact the International terrorism effectively; as a result, the Jordanian forces are participating effectively in targeting many terrorist locations around the world, on the other hand it was targeted by many terrorist attacks resulted in many deaths and casualties among Jordanian citizens.

In this research I addressed the International terrorism concept and the laws issued in Jordan to compact terrorism, in addition pinpointing the acts that are considered terrorist acts.
the research ended with a conclusion that include the most important recommendations from the restate point of view.
Iran's Political Stance toward Yemen's Ansar Allah Movement: A Constructivist-Based Study
Authors: Barzegar Keyhan , Kazemi Dinan Seyyed Morteza
Published: October 2016

In recent years, the role of non-state political groups, particularly in the Middle East has become more prominent. Islamic Republic of Iran has to have a policy toward such groups. One of these groups is Yemen's Ansar Allah who, after the outbreak of protests in the country since 2011, has had a high and effective role in the political arena of Yemen. In this study, based on Constructivist theory of international relations, we attempted to answer this fundamental question that “what is the strategy of Islamic Republic of Iran toward Yemen's Ansar Allah?” Islamic Republic of Iran with regard to the definition of their identity and perceptions of the structure of the international system and the behavior of important regional and international actors as well as their opinions about Ansar Allah Movement as a Shiite, popular, anti-Israel, anti-American, and anti- Saudi group aligned with the values and principles of Islamic Republic System, has taken a supportive stance. Iran's support for Yemen's Ansar Allah is political, diplomatic, media and if possible, material supports (e.g. sending foods and medicine).
Alienation of a Property in Shiite Jurisprudence and Positive Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Lorkojuri Atefeh , Heidari Mohamad Ali , Raei Masoud
Published: October 2016

The concept of alienation is a condition for consideration that has many interpretations and in jurisprudence, especially Shiite jurisprudence. Civil law has no reference to alienation of property a condition for consideration or or dealers. By commenting on legal provisions, some few jurists have noted “non-belonging to a third party” as a general condition for the accuracy of transactions. The impact of alienation in the correctness of contracts and other financial possessions belongs to certain object or an indirect possession as well as the absence of clear legal carrier to verify this requirement has signified the importance of explaining the provisions, the position, and the procedure of the subject’s involvement in the correctness of financial seizure. From the perspective of jurisprudence, lack of reasons preventing possession by others for the correctness of a transaction results in the fact that the necessary alienation in each instances of this discussion requires a particular reason; in the absence of such reason, the owner’s seizure becomes effective. This article tries to explain ownership, the process of transfer, and its extinction at first; then, it reviews alienation (literally and legally), its history, the conditions for alienation in Shiite jurisprudence in Iranian positive laws.
The Future of Crises in South Caucasus in the Wake of Russia-West Conflicts
Authors: Dejkam Mohammad , Olad Yaghoub-Ali , Fatemi Mohammad
Published: October 2016

South Caucasus region due to various reasons including ethnic diversity, religions and geographical position has long been witnessing various crises such as Karabakh and south Ossetia crisis. Among these, Karabakh crisis has a direct impact on the national interests of Islamic republic of Iran; because, this crisis has been developed in the northern borders of Iran and between the two countries of Azerbaijan and Armenia that in addition to neighboring Iran, both share some historical, cultural, ethnic, and even religious commonalities with Iranian people. In this study, the main question is that in case of failure of the West in confrontation with Russia in Ukraine, Syria, and Iraq, will the West, to compensate its failure, use these crises of the South Caucasus region to inflict the security and interests of Russia? Almost certainly, if the victories of Russian-oriented groups in different areas of the Ukraine crisis as well as the occurrence of significant victories for the government and the people of Syria and Iraq in fighting terrorism such as ISIS and Al-Nusra groups particularly success in reclaiming the occupied cities from terrorists, the West will surely take actions against interests and security of Russia. The triggering one of the dormant crises of south Caucasus by the west is more likely than other crises exist within the borders of the Russian federation and central Asia.
Comparative Analysis between Traditional and Modern Criminal Procedure Code
Authors: Zafarqandi Sajad Fatahi , Vaziri Majid
Published: October 2016

The criminal procedure code has been regarded as one of the most important and substantial codes in every state among which a major part of the criminal general discipline and criminal justice is enforced. The judicial, procedural systems and criminal procedure code regulations in Iran have been transformed during the previous decade. These transformations caused some irregularities and anomalies in judicial system and citizenship rights state in addition to organizing the criminal procedure code such that everyone witnessed these anomalies at the time of the courts’ law and courts’ resorting law. The changed in qualification of the prosecuting entity and the related section, carefully explaining the duties and the authorities of the prosecutor and investigator, allocating the enforcements due to security and legal responsibilities, practical exclusion of the investigating judge and the responsibilities of judicial court administrator and its transfer to the investigator and prosecutor, organizing the prosecutors’ and judicial references and judges’ duties and responsibilities, and so forth as well as attempting to harmonize the criminal procedure system with fair procedure system principles codified in international human rights declaration, international political and civil rights treaty and other relevant human rights documents in line with respecting for all human rights liberties and rights as identified rules in international rights and as a result, highlighting the human right approach to this issue and tendency to practical mixed investigation and procedure system.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 5, No. 4
Authors: Lee Joan
Published: October 2016

Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.

Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/reviewer and e-mail the completed application form to sar@ccsenet.org.

 

Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 4

Aftab Alam, Vice President Agriculture (R&D), Edenworks Inc. New York, United States

Amor Slama, Science Faculty of Bizerte, Tunisia

Bernard Palmer Kfuban Yerima, University of Dschang, Cameroon

Beye Amadou Amadou Moustapha, Rice Research Center, C?te d'Ivoire

Carlos Enrrik Pedrosa, Alis-Bom Despacho-MG, Brazil

Gema Parra, Universidad de Jaén, Spain

Inder Pal Singh Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University (GADVASU), India

Kleber Campos Miranda-Filho, UFMG, Brazil

Mrutyunjay Swain, Sardar Patel University, India

Murtazain Raza, Subsidiary of Habib Bank AG Zurich, Pakistan

S. Dharumarajan, Scientist, National Bureau of soil survey and land use planning, Bangalore, India
Online erotica usage as a mediator between internet addiction and engagement in risky online sexual behaviors
Authors: Drouin Michelle , Miller Daniel A.
Published: November 2016

In this study, we examined the links between Internet addiction, engagement in online erotica (including pornography usage and usage of sex-based Internet chat sites), and engagement in risky online sexual behaviors, in this case, sending sexually-explicit pictures to those known only online (i.e., sexting) and expecting to engage in offline sex with those known only online. In our sample of 276 U.S. adults, men engaged in most of these online sexual activities significantly more than women, but women were just as likely as men to send sexually-explicit pictures to online chat partners, and they were also just as likely as men to demonstrate signs of internet addiction. More importantly, using pornography and sex site usage were sequential mediators in the relationship between Internet addiction and engagement in risky online sexual activities. Moreover, whereas pornography viewing alone was not a predictor of risky online sexual activities, when the behavior escalated to engaging in Internet sex chat sites it did predict engagement in sexting or expectations of offline sex with those known only online. Based on these findings, we suggest that although these behaviors might be considered under one umbrella of online sexual activity, it might be useful from an intervention and treatment standpoint to target specific online sexual activities (e.g., sex site usage).
Awareness concerning optimal pig production management and animal welfare among smallholder farmers in Tanzania
Authors: Braae UC , Penrith M-L , Ngowi HA , Lekule F , Johansen MV
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to assess smallholder farmer awareness in terms of good pig management and to identify serious management issues that should be readily changeable despite resources being limited in a rural setting. Methodology was a combination of questionnaire and observational surveys performed at pig-keeping households practising either confinement or a free-range system. Households were identified using the snowball method. A total of 120 pig-keeping households were included, of which 32 practised free-range systems and 88 confined their pigs. The observational survey included management practices and welfare assessment based on one pig from each of the 120 households. The results indicated that farmers were not aware of the basic requirements of pigs regardless of the production system practised. Water was often neglected and provided less frequently among those practising free-range. Pigs kept free-range also received treatment less frequently compared to those kept confined. Pigs were generally kept in poor conditions with risk of injury and without shelter from wind, rain, cold, heat, and sun. Welfare issues exist within both production systems, but issues within the confinement system could be easily eliminated with proper management. More knowledge on basic pig husbandry is required in the region and is essential for improving production. Educating farmers on the basic requirements for water and feed, alone, could vastly improve smallholder pig production. Education on pig management should therefore be a cornerstone in any research activity involving smallholder farmers in rural areas.
L’inscription paradoxale ou le refus de renoncer à la subjectivation
Authors: Lussier Véronique , Gilbert Sophie
Published: November 2016

Le Groupe de Recherche sur l’Inscription sociale et identitaire des Jeunes Adultes (GRIJA) est engagé depuis une vingtaine d’années dans des travaux de recherche qualitative explorant l’expérience subjective de jeunes adultes en situation de grande précarité. L’exercice de synthèse proposé ici examine l’angle de l’inscription comme fil rouge et pivot de nos conceptualisations progressives: inscription centrale et marginale, humaine et sociale, filiale et citoyenne, signant existence et identité, engageant sujet et chercheur.
Ethnographier la marginalité
Authors: Namian Dahlia
Published: November 2016

Cet article propose une voie possible pour saisir la marginalité en dehors d’une logique de catégorisation des populations. Après avoir discuté des liens entre la marginalité et la normativité contemporaine, l’auteure met de l’avant son concept ancré de « vie moindre », tiré des résultats d’une ethnographie multisituée dans un refuge pour personnes sans-abri et dans une maison d’hébergement et de soins en fin de vie pour personnes séropositives. Ce concept vise à tracer l’esquisse sociologique de la marginalité en tant que régime de contraintes qui réduit au moindre les possibilités d’agir de soi-même.
La prise en charge et discours entourant les personnes judiciarisées au sein d’un tribunal de santé mentale
Authors: MacDonald Sue-Ann , Dumais Michaud Audrey-Anne
Published: November 2016

Cet article propose une réflexion sur la prise en charge des personnes judiciarisées et identifiées comme ayant des problèmes de santé mentale qui se retrouvent dans un tribunal de santé mentale. En s’inspirant des méthodes d’une ethnographie institutionnelle, cette recherche dévoile les pratiques et les discours des professionnel.le.s d’un tribunal de santé mentale. Dès lors, nous démontrons comment la prise en charge, les discours et les pratiques sont instaurés en trois axes : l’accompagnement dans un contexte juridique, les injonctions d’autonomie et de responsabilisation et la gestion du risque par des mesures dites thérapeutiques.
Le savoir-faire des professionnel.le.s de la modération dans les bus nocturnes genevois
Authors: Krummenacher Leititia
Published: November 2016

D’un projet issu d’une « mobilisation communautaire », l’association Noctambus, gérant un réseau de bus nocturnes à Genève, est devenu en vingt ans une institution à analyser selon nous dans une « perspective étatique » (Parazelli, 2004). Ce qui pose la question de la place des passager.ère.s dans cette association et plus précisément de leur participation. Bien que les passager.ère.s ne participent pas aux décisions prises par l’association, notre analyse pragmatiste du savoir-faire des modératrices et modérateurs, employé.e.s par Noctambus, démontre que, dans la pratique, la modération exige une certaine participation des passager.ère.s, sans laquelle la mission des professionnel.le.s ne pourrait pas être remplie.
Mise en place d’un groupe de parole avec des adolescents vivant avec le VIH, Montréal
Authors: Onno Marion , Cloos Patrick
Published: November 2016

Cet article vise à rendre compte de la mise en place en milieu hospitalier à Montréal d’un groupe de parole avec des adolescents suivis dans une clinique VIH. Cette intervention s’est déroulée dans le contexte d’un stage de maîtrise en service social et s’est inspirée de l’anthropologie médicale interprétative et critique. La discussion est ici engagée à la lumière de ce double regard qui s’intéresse tant à l’expérience de la maladie et au sens qui lui est donné qu’aux rapports de force en présence. Malgré les limites inhérentes au stage, cette perspective théorique nous paraît intéressante à prendre en compte pour la pratique du travail social et permet de dégager certains enjeux qui se posent à l’intervention dans ce contexte.
Selected Topics on Managing Complexity and Information Systems Engineering: Editorial Introduction to Issue 8 of CSIMQ
Authors: Forbrig Peter , Espana Sergio , Ivanovic Mirjana
Published: November 2016

Business process models greatly contribute to analyze and understand the activities of enterprises. However, it is still a challenge to cope with the complexity of systems specifications and their requirements. This issue of the journal of Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling (CSIMQ) presents papers that discuss topics on managing complexity and information systems engineering. The papers are extended versions of selected papers from the workshop on Continuous Requirements Engineering held at the requirements engineering conference REFSQ 2016 in Gothenburg, the workshop on Managed Complexity held at the business informatics conference BIR 2016 in Prague, and the CAiSE 2016 Forum held in Ljubljana.
Managing Complexity in Activity Specifications by Separation of Concerns and Reusability
Authors: Forbrig Peter , Buchholz Gregor
Published: November 2016

The specification of activities of the different stakeholders is an important activity for software development. Currently, a lot of specification languages like task models, activity diagrams, state charts, and business specifications are used to document the results of the analysis of the domain in most projects. The paper discusses the aspect of reusability by considering generic submodels. This approach increases the quality of models. Additionally, the separation of concerns of cooperation and individual work by subject-oriented specifications is discussed. It will be demonstrated how task models can be used to support subject-oriented specification by so called team models and role models in a more precise way than S-BPM specifications. More precise restrictions on instances of roles can be specified.
AMP-activated protein kinase fortifies epithelial tight junctions during energetic stress via its effector GIV/Girdin
Authors: Aznar Nicolas , Patel Arjun , Rohena Cristina C , Dunkel Ying , Joosen Linda P , Taupin Vanessa , Kufareva Irina , Farquhar Marilyn G , Ghosh Pradipta
Published: November 2016

Loss of epithelial polarity impacts organ development and function; it is also oncogenic. AMPK, a key sensor of metabolic stress stabilizes cell-cell junctions and maintains epithelial polarity; its activation by Metformin protects the epithelial barrier against stress and suppresses tumorigenesis. How AMPK protects the epithelium remains unknown. Here, we identify GIV/Girdin as a novel effector of AMPK, whose phosphorylation at a single site is both necessary and sufficient for strengthening mammalian epithelial tight junctions and preserving cell polarity and barrier function in the face of energetic stress. Expression of an oncogenic mutant of GIV (cataloged in TCGA) that cannot be phosphorylated by AMPK increased anchorage-independent growth of tumor cells and helped these cells to evade the tumor-suppressive action of Metformin. This work defines a fundamental homeostatic mechanism by which the AMPK-GIV axis reinforces cell junctions against stress-induced collapse and also provides mechanistic insight into the tumor-suppressive action of Metformin.
Hundred-picosecond narrowband chirped-pulse generation in an Yb:YAG regenerative amplifier using transmission gratings
Authors: Hwang SungIn , Tokita Shigeki , Kawashima Toshiyuki , Nishioka Hajime , Kawanaka Junji
Published: November 2016

We have demonstrated a seed source for an optical parametric chirped pulse amplification pumping source through a cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG regenerative amplifier, which can vary the pulse duration depending on the number of passes and generate a very high chirp rate. The Fourier-transform-limited pulse duration of 10 ps was extended to a few hundred picoseconds (109 to 165 ps) to prevent damage to the gain medium in the subsequent high-pulse-energy pumping source, which was seeded by the regenerative amplifier. This was achieved by inserting a transmission diffraction grating pair inside the cavity of the regenerative amplifier. The variable pulse duration could be set between 109 and 165 ps by electronically adjusting the pass number of pulses inside the cavity. The stretched pulse duration and the spectral width as functions of the pass number were characterized by considering the dispersion from the grating stretcher as well as the gain narrowing effect.
High-density formation of Ta nanodot induced by remote hydrogen plasma
Authors: Wang Yaping , Takeuchi Daichi , Ohta Akio , Ikeda Mitsuhisa , Makihara Katsunori , Miyazaki Seiichi
Published: November 2016

We have studied the formation of Ta nanodots (NDs) on thermally grown SiO2/Si by exposing a thin metal layer to a remote H2 plasma (H2-RP) without external heating. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses show that a combination of a Ge (∼30.0 nm)/Ta (∼2.0 nm) bilayer stack with subsequent H2-RP exposure is effective for forming electrically isolated Ta NDs with an areal dot density as high as ∼1011 cm−2, where the Ge layer plays an important role as a barrier layer against the oxidation of the ultrathin Ta layer surface. The change in the chemical structure of the Ge/Ta bilayer stack on SiO2/Si upon Ta ND formation by H2-RP exposure is investigated by hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).