bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a reliability index for steel trusses to the deflection criterion with interval uncertainty of data
Authors: Solovev Sergey A. , Inkov Alexander E. , Soloveva Anastasia A.
Published: April 2023

The authors describe a new approach to evaluation the reliability index of steel trusses by the criterion of deflection considering the uncertainty of random variables expressed in the interval form. Classical probabilistic-statistical methods of structural reliability analysis require the choice and justification of the cumulative distribution functions for random variables and its parameters. Subjective acceptance of statistical hypotheses can lead to large errors in the structural reliability analysis. In this study, it is proposed to represent random variables in the interval form that characterize the boundaries of their variability. Such intervals can be obtained as tolerances by the technical documentation, can be based on the construction experience or can be got by data analyzing. The Vysochansky - Petunin inequality is used to obtain the limits of variability of a random variable without a hypothesis about a specific probability distribution function. The reliability analysis of bar-systems is complicated due to the uncertainty of the data in each element of the system. For the engineering solution of this problem, an analytical approach to the optimization problem is offered. The truss reliability index can be used to compare several design solutions in a quantitative form according to the criterion of operational safety.
Quadrilateral element in mixed FEM for analysis of thin shells of revolution
Authors: Klochkov Yuriy V. , Pshenichkina Valeria A. , Nikolaev Anatoliy P. , Vakhnina Olga V. , Klochkov Mikhail Yu.
Published: April 2023

The purpose of study is to develop an algorithm for the analysis of thin shells of revolution based on the hybrid formulation of finite element method in two dimensions using a quadrilateral fragment of the middle surface as a discretization element. Nodal axial forces and moments, as well as components of the nodal displacement vector were selected as unknown variables. The number of unknowns in each node of the four-node discretization element reaches nine: six force variables and three kinematic variables. To obtain the flexibility matrix and the nodal forces vector, a modified Reissner functional was used, in which the total specific work of stresses is represented by the specific work of membrane forces and bending moments of the middle surface on its membrane and bending strains, and the specific additional work is determined by the specific work of membrane forces and bending moments of the middle surface. Bilinear shape functions of local coordinates were used as approximating expressions for both force and displacement unknowns. The dimensions of the flexibility matrix of the four-node discretization element were found to be 36×36. The solution of benchmark problem of analyzing a truncated ellipsoid of revolution loaded with internal pressure showed sufficient accuracy in calculating the strength parameters of the studied shell.
Geometry and static analysis of thin shells in the form of a diagonal translation surface of the velaroidal type
Authors: Aleshina Olga O.
Published: April 2023

The author presents the results of a study of the geometry and stress-strain state of a surface with a frame of three flat curves in coordinate planes, which have found application today mainly in the shipbuilding industry. The purpose of the work is to identify from the point of view of the stress-strain state from the action of a constant uniformly distributed load the most optimal shell of a diagonal transfer of a velaroidal type with the same main frame of three superellipses. The static calculation was performed using the SCAD program based on the finite element method, designed to perform strength calculations of various types and purposes of structures. The influence of parametric equations for defining a surface depending on the generative family of the same type of cross sections on the distribution pattern of normal stresses and bending moments is shown. The results obtained can help architects and designers with choosing the shape of shells for new projects.
Safety assessment of massive buttress dams in the presence of thermal cracks in them
Authors: Zimnyukov Vladimir A. , Zborovskaya Marina I.
Published: April 2023

In the 1950s, the construction of hydropower facilities began in the regions of Siberia and the Far East, characterized by harsh climatic conditions, which should be taking into account to predict the stress state of dams. The aim of the study is an assessment of the conditions for the formation of temperature cracks in concrete dams and their influence on the further operation of the structure, as well as measures and technologies to combat cracking in massive concrete. Thermal stresses often exceed the stresses caused by the action of external loads and lead to the appearance of cracks in the concrete. Almost all modern concrete dams are subject to thermal cracking today. Appropriate design and technological measures must be provided for. When studying the thermally stressed state of lightweight concrete dams, the method of direct reproduction of thermal deformations on models made of brittle materials and computational methods oriented towards computer methods of solving problems are used. The results of modeling and computational studies of massive buttress dams are presented and the influence of the main influencing factors is considered, taking into account the effect of cracking on the operation of such dams.
BUILDING A CONSTITUTIONAL AWARE CULTURE TO CREATE A DEMOCRATIC LAW STATE
Authors: Asshiddiqie Jimly
Published: April 2023

As a unified legal system, efforts to amend legislation to adapt to the amendments to the 1945 Constitution are an inseparable part of the overall development of national law. Therefore, amendments to various laws should be carried out in a planned and participatory manner in the national legislation program as well as in the form of legislative review. The national legislation program must be prepared first and foremost to implement the provisions of the 1945 Constitution. Based on the provisions of the 1945 Constitution, it is possible to elaborate on the laws that must be made in the national legislation program in the political, economic, and social fields.
THE EFFORTS OF PREVENTING BRIBERY AND GRATIFICATION AT THE LAND OFFICE
Authors: Kasiyanto Agus , Jatmikowati Sri Rahayu
Published: April 2023

Bribery is interpreted more simply, namely facilitation money or bribery for certain interests. Gratification is a gift in a broad sense, including giving money, goods, rebates (discounts), commissions, interest-free loans, travel tickets, lodging facilities, tours, free medical treatment, and other facilities (whether received within the country or abroad). country, and whether done by using electronic means or without electronic means). Bribery and gratuity that thrives in the Land Office, as has occurred in the Hand-Catching Operation [OTT] at the Sorong City Land Office, is the tip of the iceberg, caused by many factors, therefore prevention efforts can be started from oneself, building an Anti-Bribery Management System [SMAP] at the Land Office, and the Gartification Control Unit [UPG] which is made and implemented internally at the Land Office, as well as the support from Notary-PPAT who runs their business free from Bribery and Gratification. These efforts are expected to be able to create a Land Office with integrity, free from corruption, and to serve.
Muslim Non-Cash Transaction Behavior: The Moderating Role of Religiosity
Authors: Cahya Chindy Chintya , Umam Khoirul
Published: April 2023

Despite years of exploration, empirical evidence regarding the mediating role of religiosity in the relationship between non-cash interest and behavior is still lacking. This study analyzed the behavior related to the use of non-cash transactions by Muslim communities moderated by religiosity based on the TAM model. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling with a total of 438 respondents. The data in this study were analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) with Smart PLS 3.0. The results of this study reveal that religiosity can moderate the interest and behavior of using non-cash transactions. Besides that, the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have a significant positive effect on consumer behavior in using non-cash transactions, which are proxied by attitude and interest. These results indicate that the Muslim community is accepting and even supporting the development of technology in the payment system because technology brings convenience and benefits. As a result, players in the Islamic finance and halal market should pay close attention to the advancements in payment system technology to ensure the Muslim community prefers payment products on the Sharia market.
Virtual Consultation (VC) in fertility and obstetrics and gynaecology services: an analysis of patient and clinician satisfaction: a research article
Authors: Evans Francesca , Williams Jessica , Johns Gemma , Ahuja Alka , D’Angelo Arianna
Published: April 2023

Objective: To assess patient and clinician satisfaction with the
use of video consulting (VC) in the fields of obstetrics and gynaecology
(O&G) and fertility in Wales. To identify any differences in
satisfaction between the specialties and between patients and
clinicians. Design: A retrospective survey study.
Setting: All hospitals in Wales that used virtual methods for
delivery of fertility and/or O&G appointments between August 2020 and
March 2022. Population: Patients who have attended
virtual fertility or obstetrics and gynaecology appointments in Wales,
and fertility and O&G clinicians who have conducted appointments
virtually. Methods: Analysis of patient and clinician responses
to a VC satisfaction survey delivered by Technology Enabled Care (TEC)
Cymru between August 2020 and March 2022. Main Outcome Measures:
Patient and clinician satisfaction rates with the use of virtual
consultation in fertility and O&G appointments. Results: In
satisfaction data collected from 420 patients and 161 clinicians, 83%
of patients and 63% of clinicians reported their VC quality to be
“very good” or “excellent”. Difficulties when using VC were
experienced by a minority of patients and clinicians, and most patients
and clinicians found several aspects of VC to be “very beneficial”.
Fertility patients rated their VC experience more positively than O&G
patients. Conclusions: Most patients and clinicians were
satisfied with their VC experience. Patients were more satisfied with
the use of VC than clinicians. Fertility patients were more satisfied
with the use of VC than O&G patients. Funding: None received.
Circasemidian, circadian, and longer-period activity rhythms in caffeine-treated molecular clock deficient cryptochrome (Cry) 1 and Cry 2 double knockout mice
Authors: Masubuchi Satoru , Yano Takako , Komatsu Kouji , Ikegami Keisuke , Todo Takeshi , Nakamura Wataru
Published: April 2023

Mammalian circadian rhythms are driven by the
transcriptional-translational feedback loop of clock genes in the
hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. However, chronic methamphetamine
treatment induces circadian activity rhythms in arrhythmic animals with
suprachiasmatic nucleus lesions or clock gene deletions. Activation of
dopaminergic neurotransmission by methamphetamine is considered to
induce activity rhythms. Adenosine antagonizes the actions of dopamine
at heteromers of dopamine and adenosine receptors (dopamine D1 and
adenosine A1 receptors, dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors). In
this study, we considered that adenosine inhibition acts similarly to
methamphetamine, and administered an antagonist of adenosine A1 and A2A
receptors, caffeine, in drinking water. Chronic caffeine treatment
extended the circadian activity period of wild-type mice under constant
darkness. The circadian period extension continued for three weeks after
the replacement of caffeine with water. Chronic caffeine treatment
induced circasemidian (~12 h), circadian, and
longer-period activity rhythms in clock gene deficient, cryptochrome
(Cry) 1 and Cry 2 double knockout mice under constant darkness. These
activity rhythms changed periods spontaneously over time and became
arrhythmic upon caffeine withdrawal. In humans, rhythms with shorter or
longer than 24 h periods are hypothesized to cause internal
desynchronization of the sleep-wake rhythm from the ~ 24
h body temperature rhythm under temporal isolation. Circasemidian
rhythms are hypothesized to cause afternoon sleepiness and nap.
Caffeine-induced rhythms may help in understanding rhythms with not
around 24 h periods in humans.
Prescription audit and effects of co-morbidities on indoor covid-19 patients of a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: SM Malek , AR Kubavat , A Singh , PR Chabhadiya , DD Rajguru , HR Purohit , KN Hajare , TV Hadvani
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Management of Covid 19 has been a challenge to
health care system. Covid-19 pandemic led to prescribing a greater
number of drugs for curing the disease as in initial phase of pandemic
due to lack of understanding of pathophysiology of Covid 19, symptomatic
treatment was given as no definite treatment was available. This
presented an opportunity to assess prescribing practices during the
pandemic. AIM: Prescription audit and effect of co-morbidities
on indoor Covid-19 patients. METHODS: The present study is a
retrospective cohort to assess 300 random prescriptions from indoor
Covid 19 patients of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The parameters
analysed in the process of prescription audit were, patients’
demographics data, prescribing standards according to WHO core
indicators, clinical diagnosis with co-morbid condition, legibility of
hand writing, doctors name and signature, outcome of disease.
RESULTS: A total of 300 prescriptions were analyzed, among them
198(66%) were male and 102(34%) females. Total 2972 drugs were
prescribed. The average number of drugs per prescription are 9.90,
percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name is 88%, percentage of
encounters with antimicrobials is 99.66%, percentage of encounters with
injections is 44%, percentage of drugs prescribed from National
Essential Drug List is 83.34%. 167 patients (55.67%) presented with
co-morbidity. The average duration of hospital stay is approximately 8
days. This study reveals impact of co-morbidities on Covid 19.
CONCLUSION: Each and every patient received antimicrobial in
the form of antibiotic or antiviral. The effect of co-morbidity has a
significant influence on the outcome of patients having covid 19, as in
this study mortality rate in diabetic patients is higher than
non-diabetics. Similarly, in hypertension, mortality rate is higher than
in non-hypertensive patients.
Accelerated Simulation Method to Evaluate ELDRS of Bipolar Operational Amplifiers By Hydrogen Soaking
Authors: Li Pengwei , Zhen Liang , LI xinji , Yang Jianqun , Lv He , MO Rigen , Sun Yi , Mei Bo , Cao Shuang , Wang Qianyuan , Yu Qingkui , Wei Zhichao
Published: April 2023

The Enhance Low Dose Rate Sensitivity (ELDRS) of bipolar devices is one
of the important effects on space electronics systems that could be
impact on its high reliability and long life. It is important to ensure
radiation reliability for space applications by evaluating ELDRS of
bipolar devices. However, the low dose rate irradiation test has a long
period and high cost, so accelerated testing methods are required. In
this paper, low dose rate, high dose rate and hydrogen soaking
accelerated irradiation experiments are carried out on the operational
amplifier circuit (XJ139), and the experimental data of high and low
dose rate of the circuit are analyzed, the conclusion that the circuit
has a ELDRS effect is given. Experiments on circuit irradiation effects
under different hydrogen concentrations and immersion time were carried
out. The degradation data of irradiation-sensitive parameters under
different hydrogen soaking pretreatment conditions were analyzed. The
optimal combination conditions for hydrogen soaking are given based on
this circuit, and verified by experiments. At last, the degradation
equivalence under accelerated hydrogen soaking and low dose rate
irradiation test results is analyzed and discussed. The results show
that the degradation degree of the samples after hydrogenation
pretreatment after high dose rate irradiation is comparable to that of
low dose rate irradiation. The research results can be used to guide the
development of low dose rate accelerated tests and engineering
applications.
Health Monitoring of Gas Turbine Hot Sections Based on Standard Deviation and Skewness
Authors: Khoshghiafehgan Masoud , Akhlaghi Amir , Ranji Abbas , Yeganeh Majid
Published: April 2023

Gas turbine hot sections, which work in a high temperature and pressure
conditions, could be exposed to failure. The cause of failure on the hot
sections are influenced by several factors, including fatigue, creep,
oxidation, degradation of the coating on the turbine liner and blade,
corrosion, erosion, and surface degradation. Therefore, early fault
detection can detect the sign of fault occurrence as soon as possible,
improve availability and arrest critical incidents of the plant.
Monitoring the variation of mean low-pressure turbine exhaust gas
temperature (EGT) is an effective early fault detection method. In this
paper, mean LPT EGT of a gas turbine is monitored during six months by
16 thermocouples, which installed after low-pressure turbine. In order
to analyses the temperature trend more accurately, we used two numerical
methods of standard deviation and skewness. According to the analyses,
the closer the standard deviation to zero with absolute positive or
negative skewness means that the data collection is in a small
temperature range with the least data dispersion and therefore the
possibility of damage caused by these fluctuations has significantly
reduced. The month of April had the lowest temperature fluctuation with
a standard deviation of 0.79 and a skewness of -9.58. However, the
highest fluctuations have been calculated in the three months of May,
June and July respectively. In addition, to validate the analytical
method, borescope inspection of hot sections, has done in three
intervals of 2000, 4000 and 6000 hours, and the result was obtained and
represented.
A quantitative method for calculating spatial release region for laser guided bomb
Authors: Yang Ping , Xiao Bing , Chen Xin , Guo LiangLiang
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The laser-guided bomb (LGB) is a highly accurate air-to-ground
weapon that offers several benefits. Specifically, it has a high hit
rate, significant power, and is straightforward to use. Despite these
advantages, LGBs are guided by semi-active lasers, which can be affected
by atmospheric conditions. As a result, their spatial release region
(SRR) is challenging to calculate accurately, particularly in situations
with poor visibility or limited field of view. To address this issue, a
new method for determining the SRR is proposed, based on a model of the
1.06 μm laser’s transmittance through the atmosphere and the diffuse
reflection of the target surface. This approach allows for the
calculation of the capture target time of the laser seeker, as well as
the starting position of the ballistic space boundary. By utilizing
flight test data such as instantaneous velocity, altitude, off-axis
angle, and atmospheric visibility, this method can generate a more
precise estimate of the SRR. Ultimately, this can improve the accuracy
of LGBs in challenging atmospheric conditions by up to 9.2%.
Presence of the Eucalyptus snout beetle in Ecuador and potential invasion risk in South America
Authors: Crespo-Pérez Verónica , Soto-Centeno J. Angel , Pinto C. Miguel , Avilés Ana , Pruna Washington , Terán Claudia , Barragán Álvaro
Published: April 2023

Eucalyptus snout beetles (Curculionidae: Gonipterus
scutellatus complex), native to mainland Australia and Tasmania,
defoliate Eucalyptus trees and are considered important pests.
Since the 19th century, species of the G. scutellatus complex
have been introduced to other continents. Here, we document the presence
of Eucalyptus snout beetles in Ecuador and use ecological niche
models to analyze their potential distribution in South America.
Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences unambiguously demonstrated that
the Ecuadorian specimens belong to the species G. platensis,
which has low genetic diversity compared with other species in the
complex. Ecological niche models revealed several areas of high to
intermediate climatic suitability for the pest in South America, even in
countries where it has not been registered, like Peru and Bolivia.
Accurate identification of species in the Gonipterus scutellatus
complex and understanding of their potential distribution are essential
tools for improved management and prevention tactics.
Low prevalence of anti-Orthopoxvirus neutralizing antibodies in an urban population of Brazil
Authors: Costa Galileu Barbosa , Oliveira Jaqueline Silva de , Stoffella Ana , Domingos Iago José da Silva , Costa Pedro Starling Pereira Martins da , Silva Pedro Henrique Bastos e , Kroon Erna , Bretas Danilo , Trindade Giliane de Souza
Published: April 2023

Since 1999, Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been described as a causative
agent of bovine vaccinia (BV), a zoonotic disease that occurs mainly in
rural areas of Brazil. However, the circulation of VACV in urban
environments and its associated burden has been poorly explored.
Moreover, the current Mpox outbreak has raised questions regarding the
immune status of the worldwide population previous vaccinated against
smallpox. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional study to better
understand the prevalence of anti-OPV neutralizing antibodies (NA) in a
susceptible urban population of Brazil. A total of 372 individuals were
sampled, yielding an overall seroprevalence of 16.9%
(CI95%=13.4–21.1), and antibodies titers ranging from 100 to 800
NU/ml. The prevalence of NA among vaccinated individuals (≥36yo) was
24.9% (IC 95%=19.5–31.2), and among those unvaccinated
(<36yo) was 6.7% (IC 95%=3.7–11.8). Multivariate logistic
regression analysis indicated that age ≥36yo and the presence of vaccine
take were independently associated with the presence of anti-OPV NA. Our
findings suggest that vulnerable populations could be subclinically
exposed to VACV in urban areas, drawing attention to alternative routes
of zoonotic VACV exposure. Our data is also important for better
strategies in order to mitigate zoonotic OPV infections mainly among
vulnerable populations.
Genomic diversity of mpox virus in Paris area (France) during the 2022 outbreak
Authors: Piorkowski Géraldine , Ghosn Jade , Coppée Romain , Mailhe Morgane , Ferré Valentine M. , Houhou-Fidouh Nadhira , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Hingrat Quentin Le , Raoul Hervé , Charpentier Charlotte , Descamps Diane , Lamballerie Xavier de
Published: April 2023

In May 2022, several countries reported mpox cases from patients without
history of traveling to endemic areas. France was one of the most
affected European countries. In this study, we described the clinical
characteristics of mpox cases in France, and studied the genetic
diversity of the virus. Patients diagnosed with mpox infection (qPCR
ct<28) between 21 May and 4
July 2022 and between 16
August and 10 September 2022 were included to this
study. Twelve amplicons corresponding to the most polymorphic regions of
the mpox genome and covering ~30,000 nucleotides were
generated and sequenced using the S5 XL Ion Torrent technology to
evaluate the genetic diversity of mpox sequences. One hundred and
fourty-eight patients were diagnosed with mpox-infection. 95% were men,
5% transgender (M-to-F), 50% were taking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis,
and 25% were HIV seropositive. One hundred and sixty-two samples were
sequenced and compared to GenBank sequences. Thirty-two distinct
mutational patterns were identified. Overall, low genetic diversity of
mpox sequences was found compared with pre-epidemic Western-African
sequences, with 32 distinct mutational patterns. Our results provide a
first glance at the mutational landscape of early mpox 2022 circulating
strains in Paris (France).
Post 30-years effects of conversion of sand dunes to rice ecosystem on soil organic matter, biological indices and micronutrient fractions in south-western Punjab, India
Authors: Singh Harinder , Singh Pritpal , Sharma Sandeep , Singh Gobinder
Published: April 2023

In south-western Punjab, we investigated how the soil organic C (TOC)
pool changed over time in undisturbed sand dunes and adjacent field,
along with its labile and non-labile fractions, their relationships to
micronutrient fractions, and the biological characteristics of the soil
(India). To explore the effects of land use changed from sand dunes to
intensive rice-wheat cropping system (RCWS) the soil samples were
collected from both the undisturbed sand dunes and the adjacent fields
converted to farmland about 30 years ago. The results showed that in
comparison to RCWS soils, the TOC pools under sand dunes remained lower
by ~2.5 g C kg (about 86.2%) but,
their active C pools (Fract. 1 + Fract. 2) were significantly better (by
about 0.67 g kg ; 40.4%). Similarly, the passive C
pool (Fract. 3 + Fract. 4) was significantly higher in RCWS soils by
~3.1 g kg (about 239%), compared
with the sand dunes. The passive C comprised ~81.7% of
TOC pool in RWCS soils that was only ~44.0% in sand
dunes. Following land-use change, the RWCS fields gradually increased
the TOC stocks by ~75% as compared to sand dunes. In
RWCS, the soil alkaline-phosphatase (Alk-P) and dehydrogenase (DHA)
activities was significantly higher by 4.6 to 6.7 times than the sand
dunes. Besides, Micro-nutrients cations (e.g. Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) and
their transformations were also higher by ~1.7, 1.8, 2.9
and 5.2-times, respectively in RWCS than sand dunes. Likewise, total-Zn,
total-Fe and total-Mn fraction in RWCS soils was
~77.3%, ~90.4% and
~64.4% higher than their respective contents in sand
dunes. After 30 years of continuous RWCS system, the soil quality index
increased from 0.23 to 0.97.These results clearly showed that due to
increased soil microbial activities, the RWCS have significant potential
to sustain C and build-up of micro-nutrients cations hence, underpins
the clear signs of soil sustainability in south-western region of the
Indian Punjab.
The role-played China’s investment in Africa: Case of ECOWAS countries
Authors: Sylvaire Debongo Devincy Yanne , Wu Huaqing , Fatoumata Traore , Marina Chen Benedicte , Priscille Nankeu Mekontso
Published: April 2023

China’s investment in the Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS) region has boosted economic growth and infrastructure
development, lowered commodity prices, raised employment and income
levels, improved the quality of life locally, and made significant
contributions to the region’s economic and infrastructure development.
However, many politicians, scholars, and western media claim that China
is just a looter of the country’s raw materials. Therefore, this paper
takes the contribution role of China’s investment to examine the
perspective of the host citizens’ views by using the survey, which
matches 699 respondents, and let us investigate the role played by
China’s investment in ECOWAS countries. Our finding is of great
significance to objectively and fairly analyze China’s regional
investment.
Tax Revenue and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Osamor Ifeoma , Omoregbee Godwin , Ajasa-Adeoye Fadekemi , Olumuyiwa-Loko Josephine
Published: April 2023

Organizations reduced their tax revenue through tax evasion and avoidance, thereby affecting the economic growth of the country. In an attempt to further stress this assertion, this study aims to empirically examine the effects of tax revenue on economic growth in Nigeria. Tax revenue was a proxy with PPT, CIT, VAT and CTD, while economic growth was proxy with GDP. Ex post facto research design was employed, while time series quarterly data were collected from the statistical bulletins of CBN and FIRS for 10 years (2011-2020). Data collated were analyzed using descriptive analysis, unit root test, bounds cointegration test and ARDL. The findings revealed that PPT, CIT, VAT and CTD had positive insignificant effects on economic growth. The study concluded that tax revenue had insignificant effects on the economic growth of Nigeria and therefore, recommended that proper tax audit should constantly be carried out to reduce tax evasion and avoidance.
BUDAYA, PARIWISATA DAN ETHNO-ECOTOURISM: KAJIAN ANTROPOLOGI PARIWISATA DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Nurdin Bartoven Vivit
Published: April 2023

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji antropologi pariwisata dan membangun sebuah model ethno-ecotourism yang berbasiskan pada potensi kearifan lokal untuk pengembangan pariwisata berbasiskan budaya lokal di Provinsi Lampung. Kajian –kajian pariwisata selama ini banyak didominasi oleh perspektif bidang ilmu fisik dan ekonomi, padahal kegagalan pariwisata selama ini adalah ada pada kurangnya kajian sosial-budaya yang menekankan pada aspek manusia dalam pengembangan pariwisata. Sehingga tulisan ini mencoba menganalisis secara teoritis hubungan kebudayaan, manusia dan pariwisata dalam bidang antropologi. Lampung memiliki potensi sumber daya alam yang berlimpah untuk pengembangan pariwisata. Selama ini strategi pembangunan pengembangan pariwisata hanya mengandalkan potensi alam dan selalu menjagokan potensi fisik, insfrastruktur dan potensi sumber daya alam, tetapi tidak melibatkan faktor manusianya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah pendekatan etnografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun potensi sumber daya alam sangat memiliki nilai jual pariwisata yang tinggi, namun tanpa diiringi oleh perubahan perilaku manusia tidak akan membuahkan hasil. Oleh karena itu model ethno-ecotourism berbasiskan kearifan lokal ini sangat relevan bagi pembangunan pariwisata di Provinsi Lampung, karena selama ini pengembangan wisata belum terlaksana secara maksimal. Kebijakan pembangunan pariwisata harus melakukan pendekatan holistik, karena pembangunan manusia sangat menentukan kemajuan sebuah pariwisata. Disamping itu Lampung, memiliki kearifan lokal yang sangat potensial dalam mengembangkan pariwisata.
PERSEPSI RISIKO PARA PENGGUNA TRANSPORTASI UMUM (STUDI PADA MASYARAKAT YANG MELAKUKAN MOBILITAS NONPERMANEN DARI BANDAR LAMPUNG MENUJU DKI JAKARTA)
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Fahmi Teuku
Published: April 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengetahui dan menjelaskan persepsi risiko transportasi pada warga yang melakukan mobilitas Nonpermanen dari Kota Bandar Lampung menuju DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dan eksplanatif. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini mencapai 520 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penilaian risiko (risk assessment) yang mencakup variabel, kemungkinan (probability), konsekuensi (consequence), dan khawatir (worry) menunjukkan pola yang hampir serupa. Dalam hal ini, responden memberikan penilaian bahwa untuk variabel kemungkinan (probability) berada pada level sedang, adapun variabel konsekuensi (consequence) juga berada level sedang, dan sedangkan variabel khawatir (worry) berada pada level yang tinggi.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI KEGIATAN WIRAUSAHA BERBASIS KEAHLIAN DAN TEKNOLOGI (STUDI PADA MAHASISWA FISIP UNIVERSITAS LAMPUNG)
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Hidayati Dewi Ayu , Ningsih Puji Lestari ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara mendalam tentang analisis motivasi mahasiswa berwirausaha yang mencakup bentuk wirausaha mahasiswa (berbasis keahlian dan teknologi) dan beragam hambatan yang ditemui mahasiswa dalam berwirausaha. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipergunakan adalah observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data kualitatif dengan model deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa mahasiswa termotivasi untuk berwirausaha dikarenakan adanya motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Motivasi intrinsiknya yaitu: keinginan untuk mandiri, kebutuhan biaya dan menambah uang saku, dan mewujudkan cita-cita hidup. Adapun motivasi ekstrinsiknya yaitu berasal dari lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan teman sepermainan, pengetahuan akan kewirausahaan dari kampus, dan lingkungan tempat tinggal. Namun dalam menjalankan kegiatan wirausaha tersebut mahasiswa seringkali dihadapkan pada beberapa kendala atau hambatan, yaitu kurangnya modal dan promosi, tidak ada izin orang tua serta adanya persepsi tentang ketakutan akan resiko kegagalan. Ada berbagai macam kegiatan wirausaha yang dilakukan mahasiswa FISIP Universitas Lampung yaitu bisnis online tas dan sepatu, reseller pulsa, usaha kuliner dan warung sembako, reseller sepatu, serta usaha kue, dan lain sebagainya. Dari berbagai kegiatan wirausaha yang dilakukan tersebut para mahasiswa menggunakan ilmu dan teknologi yang mereka pelajari dan kuasai untuk menciptakan kemakmuran.
BEHIND CULTURAL LEGACY CONFLICT BETWEEN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Nizar Moh.
Published: April 2023

Based on results of research, the background of cultural legacy conflict (2007-2009) between Indonesia and Malaysia contained two aspects: economy and socio-political ones. Firstly, with respect to economy, Malaysia started to develop its economy through tourism industry based on cultural legacy. In this case, the diversity of Malaysia culture economically disregarded before, was expanded for tourism industry by performing cultural shows, festivals and exhibitions. As Indonesia society know these developments, it became heated, due to almost all of cultural legacies in archipelago societies inherited by Indonesia ancestors, were claimed by Malaysia. Indonesia local and central governments, therefore, countered it by advancing the patent rights of their cultural legacy without delay. Secondly, in terms of socio-politics, in addition to tourism promotion, tourism advertisements are aimed to get sympathy of Malay ethnic following national election in 2008 and retain dominance of United Malays National Organization (UMNO) in Malaysian government. As Malaysian government under Prime Minister Abdullah Badawi (2004-2008) faced dissatisfaction of Malaysia society to UMNO that gave opportunity to Anwar Ibrahim as opposition figure to engage the succeeding election, UMNO found out the political campaign based on tourism industry to maintain its power and blocked Anwar involvement in the election. At the same time, political vested interests exploited the bilateral dispute to shake the elected Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as Indonesia President for 2009-2014. Political arena in Indonesia, then, became heated as mass media all together published the Indonesia cultural legacy claimed by Malaysia. It caused Indonesia society angrier due to it watched on Malaysia plundering its cultural identity, so that bilateral relationship.
KONFLIK ETNIS DI XINJIANG: KEBIJAKAN MONOKULTURAL DAN KEPENTINGAN NEGARA CHINA TERHADAP KEUTUHAN WILAYAH
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Karisma Gita
Published: April 2023

Tulisan ini fokus pada konflik Xinjiang sebagai salah satu kasus konflik internal yang terjadi di China. Sebagai negara maju, China masih tidak terlepas dari masalah konflik internal. Konflik Xinjiang ialah konflik antar etnis Uighur dan Han yang kemudian berkembang menjadi gerakan separatisme. Berdasarkan sejarahnya, maka konflik ini dipicu ketimpangan ekonomi, ketidakpuasan, ketidakadilan, dan kekerasan yang secara simultan bergulir di Xinjiang. Etnis Uighur merupakan etnis muslim mengalami perseteruan dengan pemerintah otoritas China. Pada perkembangannya, muncul beberapa gerakan separatisme di Xinjiang yang menyulut respon militer dari Pemerintah China. Pemerintah China bagaimanapun akan berupaya menjaga keutuhan wilayah dan tidak akan melepaskan Xinjiang. Keberlangsungan konflik ini salah satunya disebabkan oleh kepentingan negara China terhadap Xinjiang. Xinjiang merupakan wilayah potensial bagi China, baik secara geografi maupun ekonomi.
IT’S YOUR TURN, OFFICER!: THE INP’S NEW VISIBILITY THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA (CASE STUDY OF EVANS’ BRIMOB FACEBOOK STATUS)
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Windah Andi
Published: April 2023

History has proved that police have always had opposing view regarding sharing and disseminating information to the public, especially when their state of reputation, legitimacy and accountability are taken into account. Undoubtedly, media have always played important parts in the hurdle. The presence of media is inseparable with police institution, including the current media technologies, social media. The same condition also applies to The Indonesian National Police (INP) with the case of Evans BRIMOB Facebook’s status. The case is believed to present a new type of visibility to the INP’s institution. Utilizing documentary analysis as well as literature review as main methods in studying the case, this article aims to identify on how the case alter of the INP’s visibility and Facebook’s contribution during the process. Using the new visibility consept offered by Thompson, it is found that, Evans’s status had raised the INP’s visibility by exposing the exemplary of its member improper manner. Meanwhile, Facebook has lifted the INP’s visibility by facilitating greater exposure over the INP’s inadvertent performance. In conclusion, the case has alter not only the INP’s visibility to its public but also reinforce the institution to adopt Facebook as one of its information sharing platforms.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT BERBASIS PENGUATAN KELEMBAGAAN KELOMPOK TANI MELALUI PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA AGRIBISNIS PEDESAAN (PUAP) DI DESA SRITEJOKENCONO, KECAMATAN KOTAGAJAH, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Hidayati Dewi Ayu
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara mendalam tentang penguatan kelembagaan kelompok tani (Gapoktan) dalam melaksanakan PUAP, pemberdayaan masyarakat petani melalui PUAP, dan hambatan Gapoktan dalam melaksanakan PUAP di desa Sritejokencono, kecamatan Kota Gajah, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yakni dengan cara menggambarkan atau mendeskripsi­kan secara mendalam yang berkaitan dengan fokus penelitian. Informan dalam penelitian ini dipilih secara purposive dengan memilih secara acak sesuai dengan kriteria yang diinginkan peneliti yaitu petani yang duduk dalam struktur organisasi Gapoktan Bumi Kencana sebanyak lima orang yang terdiri dari ketua, sekretaris, bendahara, dan dua orang ketua kelompok tani. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Kemudian data yang telah terkumpul di analisa dengan cara direduksi, kemudian data yang telah direduksi disajikan datanya dan yang terakhir membuat kesimpulan dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu bahwa penguatan kelembagaan gabungan kelompok tani (Gapoktan) Bumi Kencana di desa Sritejokencono dalam melaksanakan PUAP yaitu dengan cara beberapa pengurus inti Gapoktan mengikuti pelatihan yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Pertanian, bersama penyuluh pendamping dan fasilitator untuk memperoleh pengetahuan dan wawasan terkait pelaksanaan PUAP, Gapoktan memberikan bantuan dana atau barang-barang secara bergulir yang bentuknya pinjaman kepada petani melalui masing-masing kelompok tani (Poktan), Melakukan pertemuan rutin dan rapat keanggotan secara berkala, melakukan evaluasi dan pelaporan.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KEMITRAAN DALAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN PEMBANGUNAN KESEJAHTERAAN
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Yulianti Devi
Published: April 2023

This research was about the partnership program of CSR conducted by the state owned entreprise through the economic empowerment of SMEs with the provision of capital to improve the revenue to create prosperity. This study was aimed to analyze the implementation of CSR partnership program. This study used the qualitative approach with documentation type and the documentation technique. The data analysis was done through data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusion. The results of this study stated that the implementation of the partnership program of CSR had a legal basis in the implementation and conducted through partnerships based on some business patterns. The CSR partnership program had the allocations funds from SOEs net income, deposits, administrative services/revenue share/margin, interest on deposits, etc. While recommendation that this research is that The Ministry of SOEs should make the procedures for implementing the partnership program that contains stages in providing funds for potential partnership established partners, implementing organizations and evaluation activities.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI SIKAP PROAKTIF MASYARAKAT DALAM PELEPASAN HAK ATAS TANAH UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL TRANS SUMATERA
Authors: Suwaty Paula , Hartoyo Hartoyo ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap proaktif warga pemilik lahan di Desa Sabah Balau Kecamatan Tanjung Bintang Kabupaten Lampung Selatan dalam pelepasan hak atas tanah untuk pembangunan Jalan Tol Trans Sumatera. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik penentuan informan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sehingga informan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah tujuh orang. Hasil penelitian diperoleh: 1) Mekanisme pelepasan hak atas tanah yaitu tahap perencanaan, persiapan, pelaksanaan dan penyerahan hasil. 2) Hambatan dalam mekanisme pelepasan hak atas tanah antara lain, proses pendataan kepemilikan tanah warga, ketidaktepatan waktu warga dalam mengumpulkan data kepemilikan tanah, dan bukti kepemilikan tanah warga. 3) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap proaktif masyarakat yaitu, kebijakan ganti rugi yang menguntungkan, pemahaman terhadap pentingnya pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum, kualitas layanan publik, peran kepala desa, dan pemaksaan atau takut pada sanksi yang berlaku.
PENGARUH STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI MAHASISWA TERHADAP PERILAKU PERGANTIAN MEREK (BRAND SWITCHING BEHAVIOR) PADA TELEPON SELULER
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Calestin Desi Relga Budi , Wirawan Bintang ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: April 2023

This research aims to find out and analyze the influence of socioeconomic status of students against the behavior of the turn of the brand on a mobile phone on a student majoring in Sciology, Faculty of social and political sciences of the University of Lampung. The approach used in this study was the quantitative approach, this approach in using primary research strategy survey using a questionnaire for the collection of data. Respondents in this study amounted to 68 people, the determination of the sample in this study using random sampling techniques. The analysis of the data used in this study uses regression and correlation analysis. The results showed: (1) many of the students who become the respondents do not have excess consumption patterns, or just something to consume goods or services which only they need, as well as the type and uses a cell phone. (2) there is the influence of social economic status among students with behavior turn brand on mobile phones, students are not affected by the prestige that are on cell phones but rather uses a cell phone. (3) based on the results of the analysis of the correlation, there is a significant relationship between socio-economic status of the elderly with the behavior of the turn of the brand on mobile phones and the results are on the level of correlation is weak. That is, the Although there is a significant relationship but relationship between socio-economic status of the elderly with the behavior of the turn of the brand on the Sociology student less closely.
PARTISIPASI ISTRI NELAYAN DALAM PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA PESISIR
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Nurholis Ahmad , Rochana Erna ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: April 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui partisipasi istri nelayan dalam pemanfaatan sumber daya pesisir untuk upaya pengentasan kemiskinan di Desa Margasari Kecamatan Labuhan Maringgai Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini termasuk metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan stratified random sampling dengan sampel 93 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan cara analisis tabel frekuensi melalui program pengolahan data statistik, yaitu SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi istri nelayan untuk berpartisipasi adalah faktor internal meliputi usia, pendidikan, lamanya tinggal dan faktor eksternal meliputi nelayan, juragan, pedagang ikan, pengolah ikan, pemasok ikan, pemerintah daerah. (2) Istri nelayan mampu melakukan bentuk partisipasi berupa uang, harta benda, tenaga dan pemikiran. (3) dalam melakukan partisipasi istri nelayan menggunakan tipe partisipasi berupa partisipasi pasif, informatif, insentif, fungsional, dan mobilisasi diri. (4) Strategi pengentasan kemiskinan keluarga nelayan adalah migrasi, melakukan pemanfaatan buah mangrove untuk dibuat sirup, pemanfaatan tumbuhan jeruju untuk dibuat peyek, pemanfaatan tumbuhan alga untuk dibuat obat, dan menanam sayuran.
PENGUATAN PERAN PEMERINTAH MELALUI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Nizar Moh. , Inayah Astiwi ,   Universitas Lampung, Dwijono Aman Toto ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: April 2023

The lack of employments in the home country has been the main reason why some Indonesian people choose to work abroad as an Indonesian migrant worker or Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI). Unfortunately, most of them are not skilled, in other words, they do not possess adequate skills needed for work. However, they play a significant role in supporting their family economy and in contributing to foreign exchange earnings, although it is not comparable to what the country gives to them. Within the framework of improvement to the issue, Law No. 18 of 2017 on the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers has been implemented, which adopted Law No. 39 of 2004 on the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers Abroad. In the new Law, there are five main changes in the pattern of protection, which include decentralization of protection of the Indonesian migrant workers, significant roles of Labor Attache, PJTKI with only two functions (agent transfer and marketing), the Indonesian migrant workers’ insurance by government, and sanctions for violators of the law. Therefore, the spirit of the Law 18/2017 is to protect Indonesian migrant workers and their family in avoidance of humanitarian crimes they have been vulnerable to face from the departure process to the destination country.
MODEL INTEGRASI PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT ANTARA NEGARA DAN MASYARAKAT SIPIL
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Hartoyo Hartoyo
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini menjelaskan posisi dan otoritas lembaga zakat masyarakat dalam pengelolaan zakat. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa model pengelolaan zakat menurut UU No. 38 Tahun 1999 memiliki keterbatasan substantif dalam meningkatkan kesejahtaraan rakyat. Pemerintah hanya mampu mengukuhkan BAZ dan LAZ, tetapi kurang melakukan pembinaan dan perlindungan. Akibatnya, masing-masing lembaga zakat dibiarkan bekerja dalam ruangnya sendiri, elitis, melakukan fungsi yang sama, dan terjadi konflik kepentingan. Disahkannya UU No. 23 Tahun 2011 merupakan jawaban atas berbagai persoalan hukum tentang pengelolaan zakat. Kelemahannya adalah BAZNAS selain memiliki otoritas lebih juga dapat menjalankan fungsi LAZ dan UPZ. Model ini masih rentan terjadi konflik kepentingan antar pengelola zakat. Model integrasi dapat menjadi solusi dengan tetap memberi ruang otoritas kepada negara sekaligus mampu memberdayakan peran masyarakat sipil. Model ini mampu mengoptimalkan peran LAZ dan UPZ yang berada di bawah koordinasi, perlindungan dan pembinaan BAZNAS.