bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Triboelectric Charge Stability by Air‐Stable Radicals
Authors: Im Sooik , Frey Ethan , Lacks Daniel J. , Genzer Jan , Dickey Michael D.
Published: September 2023

This paper demonstrates that air‐stable radicals enhance the stability of triboelectric charge on surfaces. While charge on surfaces is often undesirable (e.g., static discharge), improved charge retention can benefit specific applications such as air filtration. Here, it is shown that self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing air‐stable radicals, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxidanyl (TEMPO), hold the charge longer than those without TEMPO. Charging and retention are monitored by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) as a function of time. Without the radicals on the surface, charge retention increases with the water contact angle (hydrophobicity), consistent with the understanding that surface water molecules can accelerate charge dissipation. Yet, the most prolonged charge retention is observed in surfaces treated with TEMPO, which are more hydrophilic than untreated control surfaces. The charge retention decreases with reducing radical density by etching the TEMPO‐silane with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) or scavenging the radicals with ascorbic acid. These results suggest a pathway toward increasing the lifetime of triboelectric charges, which may enhance air filtration, improve tribocharging for patterning charges on surfaces, or boost triboelectric energy harvesting.
Nanocone‐Modified Surface Facilitates Gas Bubble Detachment for High‐Rate Alkaline Water Splitting
Authors: Ren Qiu , Feng Longsheng , Ye Congwang , Xue Xinzhe , Lin Dun , Eisenberg Samuel , Kou Tianyi , Duoss Eric B. , Zhu Cheng , Li Yat
Published: September 2023

The significant amount of gas bubbles generated during high‐rate alkaline water splitting (AWS) can be detrimental to the process. The accumulation of bubbles will block the active catalytic sites and hinder the ion and electrolyte diffusion, limiting the maximum current density. Furthermore, the detachment of large bubbles can also damage the electrode's surface layer. Here, a general strategy for facilitating bubble detachment is demonstrated by modifying the nickel electrode surface with nickel nanocone nanostructures, which turns the surface into underwater superaerophobic. Simulation and experimental data show that bubbles take a considerably shorter time to detach from the nanocone‐modified nickel foil than the unmodified foil. As a result, these bubbles also have a smaller detachment size and less chance for bubble coalescence. The nanocone‐modified electrodes, including nickel foil, nickel foam, and 3D‐printed nickel lattice, all show substantially reduced overpotentials at 1000 mA cm−2 compared to their pristine counterpart. The electrolyzer assembled with two nanocone‐modified nickel lattice electrodes retains >95% of the performance after testing at ≈900 mA cm−2 for 100 h. The surface NC structure is also well preserved. The findings offer an exciting and simple strategy for enhancing the bubble detachment and, thus, the electrode activity for high‐rate AWS.
Youth recruitment and retainment in small‐scale fisheries: Factors influencing succession and participation decisions in Cameroon
Authors: Suh Neville N. , Efed Bessy T. , Nyiawung Richard A.
Published: September 2023

Fisheries systems face enormous pressures from increased fish demand, decreased fish catches, and an ageing fishing population. As a case study, we investigate how climate change stressors, capacity‐building opportunities, and the introduction of climate‐smart innovations, tools and information may influence youths’ succession decisions in small‐scale fisheries (SSF). We collected empirical data from a survey with the children of SSF actors to identify the factors promoting or hindering succession in fish harvesting activities through a simple random sampling of 415 youths in six fishing communities in Cameroon. The probit model results revealed that youth participation and succession decisions are positively influenced by their education, nationality, that is, being a migrant, desire to be employed full‐time in fisheries‐related activities, climate‐smart innovations, tools and information, and capacity‐building opportunities. Increasing temperatures and uncertainty in fish availability due to climate change negatively influence their succession decisions. We find that parents do not encourage their children to participate in SSF due to climate change impacts, which are reducing fish catch and due to a lack of suitable climate‐resilient innovations and capacity‐building opportunities. The study provides evidence that interventions that create an enabling environment for youths’ participation in fisheries‐related activities are important to secure the future of SSF in Cameroon.
Bright structural colorful aramid fabrics with outstanding light fastness
Authors: Han Yaqun , Hu Jingyuan , Li Xingzuo , Wu Yue , Ren Jie , Zhang Shufen , Wu Suli
Published: September 2023

The problems of difficult dyeing, poor dyeing fastness, and dyeing pollution of aramid are always great obstacles in the practical application. In theory, constructing particular nanostructures instead of dyes on aramids to achieve bright structural colors will be an effective strategy. However, it is still challenging to construct particular nanostructures on aramid fabric surfaces because of their roughness. Here, beautiful and noniridescent structural colored aramids with excellent light fastness were achieved by spraying a thin layer of randomly distributed nanospheres on the surface of adhesive‐modified aramids. Moreover, different bright structural colors and colorful patterns were obtained by simply controlling the size or refractive index of the spheres. Importantly, the light fastness of the structural colored aramid can reach levels 6–7 or higher. The simple and eco‐friendly coloring technology can be compatible with industrial equipment to obtain stable multicolored aramid products, exhibiting great real potential applications.
Interfacial Water Tuning by Intermolecular Spacing for Stable CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products
Authors: Liu Zhengzheng , Lv Ximeng , Kong Shuyi , Liu Mingtai , Liu Kunhao , Zhang Junbo , Wu Bowen , Zhang Quan , Tang Yi , Qian Linping , Zhang Lijuan , Zheng Gengfeng
Published: September 2023

Electroreduction of CO2 to multi‐carbon (C2+) products is a promising approach for utilization of renewable energy, in which the interfacial water quantity is critical for both the C2+ product selectivity and the stability of Cu‐based electrocatalytic sites. Functionalization of long‐chain alkyl molecules on a catalyst surface can help to increase its stability, while it also tends to block the transport of water, thus inhibiting the C2+ product formation. Herein, we demonstrate the fine tuning of interfacial water by surface assembly of toluene on Cu nanosheets, allowing for sustained and enriched CO2 supply but retarded water transfer to catalytic surface. Compared to bare Cu with fast cathodic corrosion and long‐chain alkyl‐modified Cu with main CO product, the toluene assembly on Cu nanosheet surface enabled a high Faradaic efficiency of 78 % for C2+ and a partial current density of 1.81 A cm−2. The toluene‐modified Cu catalyst further exhibited highly stable CO2‐to‐C2H4 conversion of 400 h in a membrane‐electrode‐assembly electrolyzer, suggesting the attractive feature for both efficient C2+ selectivity and excellent stability.
Efficient Photocatalytic Cleavage of Lignin Models by a Soluble Perylene Diimide/Carbon Nitride S‐Scheme Heterojunction
Authors: Xu Xiaotong , Dai Shuqi , Xu Shuai , Zhu Qi , Li Yuliang
Published: September 2023

3,4,9,10‐Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PDI) is one of the best n‐type organic semiconductors and an ideal light‐driven catalyst for lignin depolymerization. However, the charge localization effect and the excessively strong intermolecular aggregation trend in PDI result in rapid electron‐hole (e−−h+) recombination, which limits photocatalytic performance. Herein, polymeric carbon nitride/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane PDI (p‐CN/P‐PDI) S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared by the solvent evaporation‐deposition method for C−C bond selective cleavage of lignin β‐O‐4 model. Based on the material characterization results, the synergic role of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and S‐scheme heterojunction maintains appropriate aggregation domains, achieves better solar light utilization, faster charge‐transfer efficiency, and greater redox capacity. Notably, the 3 % p‐CN/P‐PDI heterostructure exhibits a remarkable enhancement in cleavage conversion efficiency, achieving approximately 16.42 and 2.57 times higher conversion rates compared to polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane modified PDI (POSS‐PDI) and polymeric carbon nitride (p‐CN), respectively.
Effects of multiple stressors on recruitment of long‐lived endangered freshwater mussels
Authors: Miura Kazuki , Ishiyama Nobuo , Negishi Junjiro N. , Ito Daisetsu , Kawajiri Keita , Izumi Hokuto , Inoue Takahiro , Nakaoka Masahiro , Nakamura Futoshi
Published: September 2023

Multiple stressors can affect populations interactively. However, the process by which they affect recruitment remains unclear, especially in long‐lived organisms with complex life cycles.

This study explored the bottleneck stages of juvenile recruitment in the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera togakushiensis and the interactive effects of nutrients and fine sediments on these stages. The proportion of M. togakushiensis juveniles aged ≤10 years was investigated in 24 rivers from north‐eastern Japan. Margaritifera togakushiensis has a complex life cycle with an obligate parasitic larval stage. Gravid female density, glochidia density (the number of glochidial infections per stream area), and juvenile survival rate, used as indices for adult, parasitic, and post‐parasitic juvenile stages, respectively, were obtained from 11 of these rivers.

Twenty‐four population status assessments showed that the proportion of juveniles aged ≤10 years ranged from 0.00 to 0.23, and that they were absent in 12 rivers. Parasitic and post‐parasitic juvenile stages were bottlenecks for recruitment; juvenile survival rates had a stronger positive effect on recruitment in rivers with high glochidia density. Juvenile survival rate was negatively associated with the synergistic effects of nutrients and fine sediments, although factors limiting glochidia density were not identified.

These findings suggest that the interaction between nutrients and fine sediments can synergistically reduce the recruitment of M. togakushiensis, indicating an underestimated impact of stressors on mussel recruitment if treated individually. Future mitigation measures should consider both nutrient levels and fine sediments to restore mussel recruitment. These results also emphasize the importance of considering both parasitic and post‐parasitic juvenile stages of mussels to maximize the success of future restoration actions.
Trabecular bone morphology in big cats reflects the complex diversity of limb use but not home range size or daily travel distance
Authors: Assif Layne , Chirchir Habiba
Published: September 2023

A relationship exists between mechanical loading and bone morphology. Although studies show a relationship between trabecular bone morphology and locomotor strategy in mammals, none of them have studied trabecular bone morphology in felid species occupying disparate and overlapping habitats. We investigate trabecular bone volume fraction (BVF) in the femoral and humeral heads, and distal tibia of four felid species (mountain lions, jaguars, cheetahs, and leopards) to identify whether there is a relationship between BVF and locomotor behavior. This study's goals are to identify whether felid species with high daily travel distance or large home range size have greater BVF compared with those with small daily travel distance or home range size, and whether BVF is correlated among the three elements of the fore and hindlimb studied. We quantified BVF in micro‐ and peripheral computed tomography images and found no significant differences across species in the femoral and humeral head (p > 0.05). However, in the distal tibia, results showed that leopards, mountain lions, and cheetahs have significantly greater (p < 0.05) BVF than jaguars. Despite differences in home range size and daily travel distance, the proximal elements did not reflect differences in BVF; however, the distal‐most element did, suggesting decreased loading among jaguars. These findings suggest that the observed pattern of trabecular bone morphology is potentially due to the diversity in locomotor strategy of the forelimb. Additionally, these results imply that neither home range size nor daily travel distance are clear indicators of activity levels. A cautious approach is warranted in studying how loading influences trabecular morphology.
Surface Properties‐Performance Relationship of Aluminum Foil as Negative Electrode for Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries
Authors: Sabi Noha , Palanisamy Krishnaveni , Rahide Fatemehsadat , Daboss Sven , Kranz Christine , Dsoke Sonia
Published: September 2023

Rechargeable aluminum batteries with aluminum metal as a negative electrode have attracted wide attention due to the aluminum abundance, its high theoretical capacity and stability under ambient conditions. Understanding and ultimately screening the impact of the initial surface properties of aluminum negative electrodes on the performance and lifetime of the battery cell are of great significance. The purity, surface finishing and degree of hardness of aluminum metal may strongly impact the device's performance, but these properties have not been systematically studied so far. Here, we present an investigation of the underestimated but crucial role of the aluminum foil surface properties on its electrochemical behavior in aluminum battery half‐cells. The results show that commercial aluminum foils with the same purity and degree of hardness but with different thicknesses (from 0.025 to 0.1 mm) exhibit different microstructure and surface roughness, which in turn have an impact on the cyclability. Atomic force microscopy studies show that the aluminum foil is corroded after repeated electrochemical cycling, thus leading to cell failure. The sample with 0.075 mm thickness exhibits the best cycling stability.
Das MONTBLANC HAUS Hamburg – Relief‐Fassade aus Sichtbeton
Authors: Bode Robert
Published: September 2023

Die Fassade des 110 m breiten und rund 12 m tiefen Gebäudes ist mit schwarzen, reliefartigen Sichtbetonwandelementen verkleidet. Auf der Vorderseite erstreckt sich über die gesamte Länge des Gebäudes eine Auskragung mit Spannweiten von bis zu 8 m. Das Betonrelief in der Fassade zeigt die Silhouette des Montblanc‐Massivs in den Alpen. Durch die Ähnlichkeit der Fassade hinsichtlich Form, Farbe und Oberflächenbeschaffenheit mit der Verpackung der vom Bauherrn hergestellten Schreibgeräte können die Besucher:innen schon von außen erahnen, was sie im Inneren des Gebäudes erwartet: ein Erlebnis rund um die Historie der Hamburger Marke Montblanc. Die komplexe Fassade wurde innerhalb kürzester Zeit geplant und errichtet. Hierfür mussten die Grenzen des Möglichen tragwerksplanerisch, konstruktiv und ausführungstechnisch voll ausgeschöpft werden. Die Entwicklung diverser Sonderlösungen war erforderlich. Dieser Prozess wird im vorliegenden Beitrag beschrieben.
Perception, attitudes, knowledge of using complementary and alternative medicine for cancer patients among healthcare professionals: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Youn Bo‐Young , Cha Jie‐Won , Cho Sungsu , Jeong So‐Mi , Kim Hyo‐Jung , Ko Seong‐Gyu
Published: September 2023

Background

With the rapid increase in the prevalence of cancer worldwide, the utilization of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has increased among cancer patients. This review aimed to understand the perception, attitudes, and knowledge of healthcare professionals toward using CAM for cancer patients.

Methods

A mixed‐methods systematic review was undertaken in four databases. Inclusion criteria were primary studies reporting perception, attitudes, and knowledge of healthcare professionals for using CAM for cancer patients were eligible. A mixed‐methods convergent synthesis was carried out, and the findings were subjected to a GRADE‐CERQual assessment of confidence.

Results

Forty‐two studies were chosen. The majority of the studies were quantitative and had less than 100 participants. Most publications were from European countries, and oncology was the highest among the specialties. The review found the following themes: feasibility of having negative adverse effects, low expectations of using CAM among HCPs, potential positive effects of using CAM, specific CAM training may be helpful, no concrete regulations to promote CAM practice, and poor physician–patient communication.

Conclusions

Nurses had more positive views than other professions; oncologists were concerned regarding herb–drug interactions; integration of CAM into the healthcare system was favorable; HCPs felt the need to participate in specific CAM training; and HCPs agreed that CAM education should be provided more regularly. Future studies should explore the studies views of cancer patients and details of in‐depth evidence of CAM in oncology settings.
Die Mauer des Schweigens durchbrechen
Authors: Ganzke Stefan
Published: September 2023

Arbeitsunfälle, vor allem solche mit geringen Auswirkungen, werden häufig nicht als Unfälle gemeldet – obwohl das eigentlich eine Selbstverständlichkeit sein sollte. Eine Reihe von Maßnahmen kann helfen, diesen Zustand zu ändern und so die Arbeitssicherheit zu erhöhen.
Risikogerechter Explosionsschutz
Authors: Kemmling Alexander
Published: September 2023

Um die Sicherheit der Mitarbeiter, die Anlagenintegrität und den kontinuierlichen Betrieb zu gewährleisten, ist ein risikogerechter Explosionsschutz ein entscheidender Faktor im Umgang mit brennbaren Stäuben. Der herkömmliche Ansatz für den Explosionsschutz konzentriert sich oft auf die Verwendung von Berstscheiben als alleinige oder zumindest vorrangige Schutzmaßnahme – doch: Explosionsschutz beginnt bereits viel früher.
Unraveling the signaling mechanism behind astrocytoma and possible therapeutics strategies: A comprehensive review
Authors: Nahar Metu Chowdhury Lutfun , Sutihar Sunita Kumari , Sohel Md , Zohora Fatematuz , Hasan Akayed , Miah Md. Thandu , Rani Kar Tanu , Hossain Md. Arju , Rahman Md Habibur
Published: September 2023

Background

A form of cancer called astrocytoma can develop in the brain or spinal cord and sometimes causes death. A detailed overview of the precise signaling cascade underlying astrocytoma formation has not yet been revealed, although various factors have been investigated. Therefore, our objective was to unravel and summarize our current understanding of molecular genetics and associated signaling pathways with some possible therapeutic strategies for astrocytoma.

Recent Findings

In general, four different forms of astrocytoma have been identified in individuals, including circumscribed, diffuse, anaplastic, and multiforme glioblastoma, according to a recent literature review. All types of astrocytoma have a direct connection with some oncogenic signaling cascade. Common signaling is MAPK cascade, including Ras‐Raf‐ERK, up‐regulated with activating EGFR/AKT/PTEN/mTOR and PDGFR. Recent breakthrough studies found that BRAF mutations, including KIAA1549: BRAF and BRAF V600E are responsible for astrocytoma progression. Additionally, cancer progression is influenced by mutations in some tumor suppressor genes, such as the Tp53/ATRX and MGMT mutant. As synthetic medications must cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), modulating signal systems such as miRNA is the primary option for treating patients with astrocytoma. However, available surgery, radiation therapy, and experimental therapies such as adjuvant therapy, anti‐angiogenic therapy, and EGFR‐targeting antibody drug are the usual treatment for most types of astrocytoma. Similar to conventional anticancer medications, some phytochemicals slow tumor growth by simultaneously controlling several cellular proteins, including those involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, metastatic spread, tyrosine kinase, growth factor receptor, and antioxidant‐related proteins.

Conclusion

In conclusion, cellular and molecular signaling is directly associated with the development of astrocytoma, and a combination of conventional and alternative therapies can improve the malignancy of cancer patients.
Psychotherapy for patients with schizotypal personality disorder: A scoping review
Authors: Nielsen Kåre Donskov , Hovmand Oliver Rumle , Jørgensen Mie Sedoc , Meisner Maria , Arnfred Sidse Marie
Published: September 2023

Background

Treatment of schizotypal personality disorder is complex. Currently, there are no clear evidence‐based recommendations for use of psychotherapy for individuals suffering from this mental illness, and studies are sparse. Our aim in this review is to map and describe the existing research and to answer the research question: What do we know about the use of psychotherapy for people with schizotypal personality disorder?

Methods

We conducted a scoping review using systematic searches in the Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases. Two reviewers screened possible studies and extracted data on subject samples, type of psychotherapy, outcomes and suggested mechanisms of change. The review is based on the PRISMA checklist for scoping reviews.

Results

Twenty‐three papers were included, and we found a wide variety of study types, psychotherapeutic orientations and outcomes. Few studies emerged that focused solely on schizotypal personality disorder.

Conclusion

Psychotherapy as a treatment for schizotypal personality disorder is understudied compared with diagnoses such as schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder. Our results included two randomized controlled studies, as well as mainly smaller studies with different approaches to diagnostic criteria, psychotherapeutic orientation and outcome measures. The findings are too sparse and too diverse to make any evidence‐based recommendations. We found some indications that psychotherapy may support and assist individuals with schizotypal personality disorder.
A 25‐Gb/s/pin ground‐referenced signaling transceiver with a DC‐coupled equalizer for on‐package communication
Authors: Guo Chao , Chen Yingmei , Wang Hui , Chen Xu , Wu Chenghao , Zhao Yizhou
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a wireline serial link transceiver for on‐package die‐to‐die links based on 12‐nm fin field‐effect transistor (FinFET) technology. The link is crucial for improving the computational performance of larger systems built from chiplets. To achieve high pin/energy efficiency and prevent traditional single‐ended signaling disadvantages, the transceiver adopts single‐ended ground‐reference signaling (GRS) to transfer information. To precompensate for the frequency‐dependent loss, retain the advantages of GRS, and avoid the disadvantages of traditional AC‐coupled equalizer, the transmitter in the transceiver adopts a DC‐coupled switched‐capacitor charge pump equalizer that can transmit GRS and its equilibrium value can be adjusted according to the channel attenuation. This paper proposes a method for timing de‐skew using digital control delay lines to eliminate the timing skew between data and the clock. In addition, this paper presents a duty cycle corrector to avoid duty cycle distortion, with an adjustment range of 44.5% to 52% and a power dissipation of only 30
W. The transceiver has an area of 1.016
0.676 mm2, including one clock lane link and four data lane links. At a nominal 0.8‐V power supply voltage, the aggregate eye‐opening of the measured 25 Gb/s data on an organic substrate channel with an attenuation of −2.2 dB over 6 mm is 0.675 UI, with a bit error rate (BER) of less than 10−12 and an energy efficiency of 1.01 pJ/bit.
A deep learning based latency aware predictive routing model for network‐on‐chip architectures
Authors: Sudhakar M. Venkata , Reddy P. Rahul , Penchalaiah Usthulamuri , Reddy P. Raghava
Published: September 2023

Network on Chip (NoC) is an evolving platform for communications related applications, which are executed on a single silicon chip. There are several routing models in NoC architectures, but the accuracy of these models is limited, and the existing models are degraded because of over and under fitting issues. This research introduces the new deep learning‐based latency aware predictive routing model for on‐chip networks to route packets with better performance and power efficiency. The deep learning model used in this research is a new convolutional residual gated recurrent unit (CRGRU) with queuing theory. Moreover, the source and channel queuing delay is comprised of features to learn spatial and sequential information that improves the overall prediction accuracy. This router is modified by the intrusion of the Router States Monitor unit and the CRGRU hardware engine. The work is executed using the Xilinx platform, and the performance measures like latency and throughput are obtained by varying the network size as
,
, and
and also varying the buffer space and length as
,
, and
, respectively. In addition, the squared correlation coefficient (SCC) and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) are evaluated and compared with existing learning models to validate the proposed model.
A database of detrital zircon U–Pb ages in the North China Craton from the Paleoproterozoic to the early Palaeozoic
Authors: Dong Yiming , Zuo Pengfei , Xiao Zihan , Zhao Yilan , Zheng Deshun , Sun Fengbo , Li Yu
Published: September 2023

U–Pb dating of detrital zircon is widely used in geology to identify the source of sediments and constrain palaeogeography and tectonic history. We collected the detrital zircon from the Paleoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic strata to understand the North China Craton's geological chronological characteristics. After screening and sorting out data information, we managed and analysed 84 papers from 2006 to 2022. Three hundred seventy‐nine samples comprising 29,431 pieces of U–Pb ages of detrital zircons gathered from the Proterozoic to Ordovician sedimentary rocks in North China Craton (NCC). Detrital zircons within five areas in the NCC, i. e., Xuhuai Basin, Zhaertai‐Bayan Obo‐Huade Basin, Yanliao Basin, Xiong'er Basin and Alxa Block, are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, we collected 2,588 pieces of Lu‐Hf detrital zircon data in the study. This Database can be helpful in understanding and explaining the tectonic evolution of the NCC from the Paleoproterozoic to the Early Palaeozoic.
Detrital zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopic dataset for the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, northern China
Authors: Wang Linxi , Huo Ning , Jiang Guanzhe , Han Chao , Sun Jingxian , Huang Hu
Published: September 2023

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is one of the biggest accretionary orogens in the world. With the development of laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS), large data of detrital zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopes have been published for decades, which leads to better understanding of the tectonic evolution and geodynamics of the CAOB. We compiled the data about the information of articles, samples and their analytical methods and results, then checked and corrected. These data are available to support future research activities in the CAOB, northern China, for example, the provenance analysis, climate changes and paleogeographic reconstruction.
A synthesis of available detrital zircon data from Turkey, Cyprus and Greek peninsula
Authors: Chen Guohui , Li Chao , Shi Yifan , Zha Kaijie
Published: September 2023

This paper describes the assembly of an updated dataset of detrital zircon geochronology and Lu–Hf isotopes for Turkey, Cyprus and Greek peninsula. This first version of the dataset documented 286 samples with detrital zircon U–Pb data and 70 samples with zircon Lu–Hf isotopes from 42 published articles. These samples are mainly distributed in seven geologic‐tectonic units in the Eastern Mediterranean Tethyan region. The compilation of dataset will be periodically accessed in the Deep‐Time Digital Earth repository, containing more updated raw data of (un)published scientific research. We believe that the construction of such a dataset is fundamental to studies of clastic strata and also to understanding of crustal evolution in the Eastern Mediterranean region.
The impact of natural disaster shocks on business confidence level and Istanbul Stock Exchange: A wavelet coherence approach
Authors: Toguç Nurhan , Kuşkaya Sevda , Magazzino Cosimo , Bilgili Faik
Published: September 2023

The focus of this study is to examine the short‐ and long‐term causal effects of natural disaster shocks on the stock market and business confidence level in the time‐frequency domain by studying the co‐movements between earthquake data and the Istanbul Stock Index closing prices, using the Wavelet Coherence and Phase Difference analyses. The empirical findings reveal that the relationship between earthquake events and financial markets is not stable over time and across different time horizons. The linkage becomes stronger in the long term when the impact of the earthquake event coincides with a financial crisis reflecting a combined effect. This nexus is also strong during the years 2007–2011 reflecting a similar combined effect of both an earthquake event and the global financial crisis. Meanwhile, co‐movement between the earthquake and the financial market index implies a negative effect in the period 2011–2012, indicating short‐run effects of stock market shocks. Differentiating these short‐term and long‐term effects has implications for risk management and policymaking.
MAdCAM‐1 targeting strategy can prevent colitic cancer carcinogenesis and progression via suppression of immune cell infiltration and inflammatory signals
Authors: Ozawa Naoya , Yokobori Takehiko , Osone Katsuya , Bilguun Erkhem‐Ochir , Okami Haruka , Shimoda Yuki , Shiraishi Takuya , Okada Takuhisa , Sano Akihiko , Sakai Makoto , Sohda Makoto , Miyazaki Tatsuya , Ide Munenori , Ogawa Hiroomi , Yao Takashi , Oyama Tetsunari , Shirabe Ken , Saeki Hiroshi
Published: September 2023

Chronic inflammation caused by infiltrating immune cells can promote colitis‐associated dysplasia/colitic cancer in ulcerative colitis (UC) by activating inflammatory cytokine signalling through the IL‐6/p‐STAT3 and TNFα/NF‐κB pathways. Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule‐1 (MAdCAM‐1) expressed on high endothelial venules promotes the migration of immune cells from the bloodstream to the gut via interaction with α4β7 integrin expressed on the immune cells. MAdCAM‐1, has therefore drawn interest as a novel therapeutic target for treating active UC. However, the role of MAdCAM‐1‐positive endothelial cells in immune cell infiltration in dysplasia/colitic cancers remains unclear. We evaluated the expression of MAdCAM‐1, CD31 and immune cell markers (CD8, CD68, CD163 and FOXP3) in samples surgically resected from 11 UC patients with dysplasia/colitic cancer and 17 patients with sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC), using immunohistochemical staining. We used an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulphate mouse model (AOM/DSS mouse) to evaluate whether dysplasia/colitic cancer could be suppressed with an anti‐MAdCAM‐1 blocking antibody by preventing immune cell infiltration. The number of MAdCAM‐1‐positive vessels and infiltrating CD8+, CD68+ and CD163+ immune cells was significantly higher in dysplasia/colitic cancer than in normal, SCRC and UC mucosa. In AOM/DSS mice, the anti‐MAdCAM‐1 antibody reduced the number, mean diameter, depth of tumours, Ki67 positivity, number of CD8+, CD68+ and CD163+ immune cells and the IL‐6/p‐STAT3 and TNF‐α/NF‐κB signalling. Our results indicate that targeting MAdCAM‐1 is a promising strategy for controlling not only UC severity but also carcinogenesis and tumour progression by regulating inflammation/immune cell infiltration in patients with UC.
The effect of various thermochemical methods on the production of biochar and removal of 2‐naphthol orange from wastewater
Authors: Temur Ergan Başak , Aydin Ebubekir Siddik , Gengec Erhan
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Thermochemical conversion methods are essential processes frequently used in the production of biochar and the type chosen affects the properties of biochar. In this study, 2‐naphthol orange was removed from synthetic wastewater using biochar adsorbents produced from pelletized furniture sawdust by thermochemical techniques (torrefaction, pyrolysis and gasification) at various durations (0.5–5 h) and temperatures (200–900 °C).

RESULTS

The adsorbent produced via torrefaction at 200 °C in 1 h exhibited the best removal performance. For furniture waste biochar (FWB), the optimum conditions for 2‐naphthol orange options were initial concentration 35 mg L−1, pH 2.0, contact duration 2 h, agitation speed 200 rpm, temperature 30 °C, 1.0 g L−1 of biochar and ‐ 50‐mesh biochar size. The Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo‐second‐order models showed the highest coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.9947 and 0.9978, respectively). The terms of qm (mg g−1) and KL were found to be 230.45 and 0.28, respectively, from the Langmuir isotherm. Conversely, the terms of qe (mg g−1) and k2 [g (mg.min)−1] were found to be 29.27 and 0.00486, respectively, from the pseudo‐second‐order model. According to the long‐stability experiment, the selected adsorbent of 200–1 (biochar from torrefaction) remained more stable after 10 cycles of adsorption.

CONCLUSION

It was found that the torrefaction process provides significant advantages owing to the removal efficiencies of 2‐naphthol orange dye and the fact that biochar production is easier and more economical at low temperatures. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A novel thin layer chromatography–flame ionization detection method for saturated, asphaltenes, resins, and asphaltenes group‐type composition analysis with reverse order of chromatogram development
Authors: Wojewódka Dorota , Dyguła Paulina , Przyjazny Andrzej , Kamiński Marian
Published: September 2023

The methodologies of asphaltenes‐containing petroleum materials: saturated, aromatics, resins, asphaltenes group‐type composition analysis are performed with the use of column adsorption‐desorption or thin layer chromatography (TLC)‐flame ionization detection under normal phase conditions with silica gel as the adsorbent. In a three‐step procedure, the TLC chromatogram is developed within a decreasing distance by the mobile phase with increasing elution strength (polarity). The n‐alkane used in the first step does not dissolve asphaltenes, which leads to the occlusion effect and an underestimation of the percentage of saturated hydrocarbons. In this article, the reverse order of the subsequent elution steps was proposed: the solvent polarity is simultaneously reduced and the chromatogram development distance is increased in the order dichloromethane:methanol 95:5 v/v, 3 cm; toluene, 6 cm; and n‐hexane, 10 cm. It was also intentional to reduce the weight of the applied sample to 5 μg for bitumen and 2 μg for asphaltene purity testing. It should be the rule that in stepwise TLC chromatogram development, the first mobile phase is a good solvent for all testing components. The IP 469 procedure should be corrected.
Requisite variety theory and third‐party guarantee loans: How local bank branches can reduce loan defaults
Authors: Patel Pankaj C.
Published: September 2023

Requisite variety theory posits that internal variety is essential to develop responses to external variety. Facing increased local competition local bank branches could lower the odds of Small Business Administration (SBA) loan defaults by increasing knowledge variety through variations in geographic distances and industries among SBA loans. Our analysis shows that although local competition increases the odds of default, variations in industries represented in the SBA portfolio, the variation in geographic distances among loans in the portfolio lowers the odds of default. Our study emphasizes the importance of requisite variety at the branch level and presents important implications for policymakers and practitioners in the third‐party loan guarantee milieu.
Utilization of the internal mammary perforators as the recipient vessels for microsurgical breast reconstruction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature
Authors: Vourvachis Michail , Goodarzi Mohammad R. , Scaglioni Mario F. , Tartanus Justyna , Jones Alex , Cheng Hsu‐Tang , Abdelrahman Mohamed
Published: September 2023

Background

The selection of reliable recipient vessels is essential for successful free tissue transfer. The use of internal mammary intercostal perforators (IMAPs), instead of the internal mammary vessels as the recipient vessels, has been described in breast reconstruction. Debates exist regarding the reliability of these perforators as recipient vessels because of their variability in location and caliber. The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis to determine the reliability of the IMAPs as recipient vessels.

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed on the “PubMed,” “Medline,” “Ovid,” and “Cochrane library” databases for articles published from January 1990 to March 2021. Exclusion criteria were non‐English studies, reports with case number less than 5, cadaveric or animal studies, and studies with incomplete postoperative outcomes. The reliability of using IMAPs for breast reconstruction was determined by assessing the reported rates of partial or complete flap failure and other complications (fat necrosis, skin necrosis, and requirement for revision surgery).

Results

Three hundred and sixteen cases in 13 studies were included for further analysis with more than 85% of the IMAPs suitable for anastomosis being located in the second and third intercostal spaces. Partial or total flap failure was reported in three of 316 patients (0.95%). The rate of other complications such as fat necrosis, skin necrosis, and requirement for revision surgery were all less than 5%.

Conclusion

With deliberate preoperative planning, delicate perioperative manipulation, and meticulous microvascular anastomosis, the internal mammary perforators can be used as reliable recipient vessels in microvascular breast reconstruction.
Evaluation of a deuterated triarylmethyl spin probe for in vivo R2∗‐based EPR oximetric imaging with enhanced dynamic range
Authors: Kishimoto Shun , Devasahayam Nallathamby , Chandramouli Gadisetti V. R. , Murugesan Ramachandran , Otowa Yasunori , Yamashita Kota , Yamamoto Kazutoshi , Brender Jeffrey R. , Krishna Murali C.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

In this study, we compared two triarylmethyl (TAM) spin probes, Ox071 and Ox063 for their efficacy in measuring tissue oxygen levels under hypoxic and normoxic conditions by R2*‐based EPR oximetry.

Methods

The R2* dependencies on the spin probe concentration and oxygen level were calibrated using deoxygenated 1, 2, 5, and 10 mM standard solutions and 2 mM solutions saturated at 0%, 2%, 5%, 10%, and 21% of oxygen. For the hypoxic model, in vivo imaging of a MIA PaCa‐2 tumor implanted in the hind leg of a mouse was performed on successive days by R2*‐based EPR oximetry using either Ox071 or Ox063. For the normoxic model, renal imaging of healthy athymic mice was performed using both spin probes. The 3D images were reconstructed by single point imaging and multi‐gradient technique was used to determine R2* maps.

Results

The signal intensities of Ox071 were approximately three times greater than that of Ox063 in the entire partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) range investigated. The histograms of the tumor pO2 images were skewed for both spin probes, and Ox071 showed more frequency counts at pO2 > 32 mm Hg. In the normoxic kidney model, there was a clear delineation between the high pO2 cortex and the low pO2 medulla regions. The histogram of high‐resolution kidney oximetry image using Ox071 was nearly symmetrical and frequency counts were seen up to 55 mm Hg, which were missed in Ox063 imaging.

Conclusion

As an oximetric probe, Ox071 has clear advantages over Ox063 in terms of sensitivity and the pO2 dynamic range.
Stress of spatial orientation of floating populations into Tibet on fragile ecosystem—Using geo‐tagged big data
Authors: Fan Jie , Liu Hanchu , Sun Zhongrui , Yi Jiawei , Liu Baoyin , Chen Dong , Guo Rui , Sun Zhe , Zhao Hao
Published: September 2023

Increased global floating populations is an important driver of local social‐ecological systems change, especially in ecologically fragile areas. However, the limitations of accurate data and specific methods have prevented the exploration of spatial visitation of floating populations and its risk of negative effects on fragile ecosystems.

Here, we contribute to filling the knowledge gap in Tibet by adopting large‐scale geolocation data and incorporating factors such as landscape aesthetic value, ecological vulnerability and traffic accessibility.

We found that 89.97% of the digital footprints of floating populations in Tibet have entered nature areas with low density of resident population, and 40.57% of them have entered ecologically fragile areas, leading to increased ecological risks. Nature‐based tourism is the main motive for floating populations to enter the ecologically fragile areas, accounting for 65.56%.

The central government inadvertently exacerbated ecological risks by leading road construction, resulting in 64.62% of the ecological risks being located in areas with high traffic accessibility.

The floating populations entering Tibet have the dual effects of promoting economic development and causing ecological risks. Therefore, it is urgent to put forward strategies to promote the sustainable development in Tibet based on the complex system of “nature‐based tourism–ecological protection–economic income–government behavior”.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Synergistic effect of single wall carbon nanotubes/graphene oxide hybrid nano‐filler on thermal stabilization and tensile strength of polyacrylonitrile copolymer
Authors: Chandel Nishant , Kapurderiya Mahesh , Kanse Akash , Rohini Rani , Sreekumar T. V.
Published: September 2023

This study reports how hybrid nano‐filler can enhance the tensile strength, electrical properties and thermal stabilization of PAN (polyacrylonitrile) nanocomposite films. The nano‐fillers used are graphene oxide (GO), single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), and a hybrid of both. The combination of both nano‐fillers was made by dispersing GO in DMAc (dimethyl acetamide) and then adding SWCNT to the solution. The solution was mixed well using ultrasonication and high‐speed stirring. 1 wt% amount of nano‐filler solutions was added to PAN liquid to make PAN nanocomposite films. The films were tested for mechanical properties, electrical resistivity, thermoxidative stabilization, and thermal stability. The results showed that adding nano‐fillers to PAN significantly improved its tensile strength. GO increased the tensile strength by 42.9% (38.3 MPa), while SWCNT increased it by 57.3% (42.15 MPa). The combination of both (0.5 wt% SWCNT + 0.5 wt% GO) had a remarkable effect, increasing the tensile strength by 96% (52.53 MPa). This was because the combination of both prevented SWCNT from agglomerating together and made it interact better with the PAN, forming a complete network. The combination of both also made the PAN oxidize and stabilize early and efficiently during heating, which made its residual weight increase by ~5.5% more than pristine PAN in TGA. The electrical resistivity and SEM micrograph data correlate with the thermal analysis data, showing that PCG (1 wt% combination) reached the percolation threshold because of the benefits of both GO and SWCNT. The combination of both also showed 95.6% synergy in tensile strength compared to individual nano‐fillers, indicating its potential for efficient reinforcement.

Highlights

Hybrid filler boosts PAN strength from 26.8 to 52.53 MPa, surpassing PC, PG.

TGA: ~5.5 wt% increased residual weight in 1 wt% hybrid‐reinforced PCG composites.

Hybrid undergoes GO decomposition, early oxidation and improved stabilization.

PCG composite: Enhanced oxidation, improved stabilization via SWCNT network.

PC & PCG composites show low volumetric resistivity due to SWCNT network.
Improved dielectric properties of poly(arylene ether nitrile) with sulfonated poly(arylene ether nitrile) modified CaCu3Ti4O12
Authors: Gao Feng , Wei Renbo , Zhou Lingyun , Luo Wei , Li Zhiqiang , Pang Lingyun , Li Shuang , Hua Xiufu , Wang Lingling
Published: September 2023

High‐dielectric and low‐loss materials hold potential for various electronic devices. A prevalent approach to producing high‐dielectric and low‐loss dielectrics is incorporating inorganic ceramic materials with high dielectric constants into a polymeric matrix. However, doping of inorganic ceramic materials results in agglomeration of the inorganic materials and poor interfacial compatibility between the matrix and the dopant, thus limiting their range of application. In this study, sulfonated poly(arylene ether nitrile) (SPEN) functionalized copper calcium titanate (CCTO) (SPEN@CCTO) was synthesized by modifying hydroxylated CCTO with SPEN and then introduced into the PEN matrix offering SPEN@CCTO/PEN. The successful encapsulation of SPEN at CCTO was confirmed through FT‐IR, XRD, and XPS. SEM observation revealed that SPEN@CCTO nanomaterials not only prevented agglomeration of CCTO but also significantly improved interfacial adhesion between the matrix and filler, highlighting the importance of SPEN@CCTO in enhancing the mechanical properties of resulting nanocomposites. Electrostatic permittivity of SPEN@CCTO/PEN and CCTO/PEN composite dielectric materials were evaluated in the frequency range spanning 10 Hz to 1 MHz. In comparison with CCTO/PEN composite dielectric materials, SPEN@CCTO/PEN composites show superior dielectric characteristics, characterized by higher dielectric constants and lower losses in dielectric. The SPEN@CCTO/PEN film's dielectric constant at 10 Hz and electric breakdown strength with 15 wt% SPEN@CCTO were found to be 5.9 and 178.8 kV/mm, respectively. Thereby, the energy storage density of SPEN@CCTO/PEN composite film was calculated to be 0.83 J/cm3. In addition, the excellent mechanical properties of SPEN@CCTO/PEN ensured it as promising flexible dielectric materials in the future.
Interventions to improve the sleep quality of adults with personality disorder: A systematic review
Authors: King Jacob D. , Cheng Shee , Fok Marcella Lei‐Yee , Pappa Sofia , Munjiza Jasna
Published: September 2023

Poor quality sleep is common for people who have a diagnosis of personality disorder (PD). Core cognitive and behavioral features of PD may cause and perpetuate poor sleep, but to date, no review has collated the evidence on the efficacy of interventions to improve sleep quality for people with PD. Structured searches for interventional studies among adults with PD and reporting validated measures of sleep quality were conducted up to November 2022 in multiple databases. Single‐case reports were excluded. Study quality was assessed with standardized risk of bias tools. Unreported data was sought systematically from authors. This review was pre‐registered with an international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42021282105). Of the 3503 identified studies, nine met inclusion criteria, representing a range of psychological, pharmaceutical, and other interventions and outcome measures. Meta‐analytic methods were not feasible because of the serious risk of bias in all studies, and results were therefore synthesized narratively. There is limited and low‐quality evidence of the effects of a variety of interventions to improve the sleep quality of people living with PD. Further research might consider specifically including people diagnosed with PD in trials of sleep interventions and using sleep outcome measures in trials of established PD treatments.