bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Associations between Gastric Tube Preparation Methods and the Incidence of Cervical Anastomotic Leakage after Esophagectomy for Thoracic Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Miyawaki Yutaka , Sato Hiroshi , Fujiwara Naoto , Sugita Hirofumi , Sakuramoto Shinichi , Okamoto Kojun , Yamaguchi Shigeki , Koyama Isamu
Published: April 2019

Background: A gastric tube (GT) is most often selected as a reconstruction conduit in esophageal reconstruction. Although some leakage from esophagogastric anastomoses is induced by blood flow failure in reconstruction conduits, the association between the GT and the anastomotic leakage (AL) is unclear. Objectives: We retrospectively evaluated the incidence of AL according to the GT shape. Methods: Between February 2013 and September 2017, 188 consecutive patients who underwent esophagectomy with GT reconstruction were enrolled in this cohort study. We performed GT reconstruction using a narrow GT (Gr.N) until May 2016. Subsequently, we began preparing and using a stretched GT (Gr.S). Results: AL occurred in 29 of 188 (15.4%) patients. The frequency of AL was lower with Gr.S than with Gr.N (p = 0.034). Sex, body mass index, Brinkman index, hypertension, and anemia were significantly associated with AL (p = 0.033, 0.041, 0.003, 0.030, and 0.042, respectively). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the GT shape and the Brinkman index were shown to be independent risk factors for AL (p = 0.016 and 0.020, respectively). Conclusions: The GT preparation method is an independent risk factor for AL after cervical esophagogastrostomy. Thus, improved GT preparation methods could contribute to the reduction of AL after esophagectomy.
Urinary Biomarkers of Tubular Damage Are Associated with Mortality but Not Cardiovascular Risk among Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial Participants with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Jotwani Vasantha K. , Lee Alexandra K. , Estrella Michelle M. , Katz Ronit , Garimella Pranav S. , Malhotra Rakesh , Rifkin Dena E. , Ambrosius Walter , Freedman Barry I. , Cheung Alfred K. , Raphael Kalani L. , Drawz Paul , Neyra Javier A. , Oparil Suzanne , Punzi Henry , Shlipak Michael G. , Ix Joachim H. ,   for the SPRINT Research Group
Published: April 2019

Background: Kidney tubulointerstitial fibrosis on biopsy is a strong predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, and CKD is associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Tubular health is poorly quantified by traditional kidney function measures, including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. We hypothesized that urinary biomarkers of tubular injury, inflammation, and repair would be associated with higher risk of CVD and mortality in persons with CKD. Methods: We measured urinary concentrations of interleukin-18 (IL-18), kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and chitinase-3-like protein-1 (YKL-40) at baseline among 2,377 participants of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial who had an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate biomarker associations with CVD events and all-cause mortality. Results: At baseline, the mean age of participants was 72 ± 9 years, and eGFR was 48 ± 11 mL/min/1.73 m2. Over a median follow-up of 3.8 years, 305 CVD events (3.6% per year) and 233 all-cause deaths (2.6% per year) occurred. After multivariable adjustment including eGFR, albuminuria, and urinary creatinine, none of the biomarkers showed statistically significant associations with CVD risk. Urinary IL-18 (hazard ratio [HR] per 2-fold higher value, 1.14; 95% CI 1.01–1.29) and YKL-40 (HR per 2-fold higher value, 1.08; 95% CI 1.02–1.14) concentrations were each incrementally associated with higher mortality risk. Associations were similar when stratified by randomized blood pressure arm. Conclusions: Among hypertensive trial participants with CKD, higher urinary IL-18 and YKL-40 were associated with higher risk of mortality, but not CVD.
Management of (Peri)Pancreatic Collections in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Bezmarević Mihailo , van Dijk Sven M. , Voermans Rogier P. , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Besselink Marc G. ,   Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group
Published: April 2019

The development of (peri)pancreatic fluid collections are frequent local complications in acute pancreatitis. These collections are classified as early (acute peripancreatic fluid collection or acute necrotic collection) or late (walled-off necrosis or pseudocyst). The majority of pancreatic fluid collections resolve spontaneously and do not require intervention. However, infection may require intervention. Interventions may include endoscopic or percutaneous catheter drainage, or in a next step endoscopic or surgical necrosectomy, minimally invasive or open. The best timing for the first intervention is still under investigation. Whereas some use antibiotics to postpone intervention until the stage of walled-off necrosis, others drain earlier. Endoscopic drainage of (peri)pancreatic fluid collections is now the preferred approach of drainage due to reduced morbidity as compared to surgical or percutaneous drainage. However, each collection must be treated according to a tailored approach. The final treatment should take into consideration anatomic characteristics, patient preference, comorbidity profile of the patient, and physician discretion. This review summarizes the current evidence on the treatment of (peri)pancreatic fluid collections.
Clinical Role of Microembolic Signals in Adult Moyamoya Disease With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jeon Chiman , Yeon Je Young , Jo Kyung Il , Hong Seung-Chyul , Kim Jong-Soo
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose—

Hemodynamic compromise has been implicated in moyamoya disease (MMD) with transient ischemic attacks or ischemic stroke. However, increasing evidence supports the notion that artery-to-artery embolism may also contribute to ischemic events based on microembolic signal (MES) monitoring.

Methods—

A total of 48 patients aged between 20 and 60 years with newly diagnosed MMD were enrolled and angiographically classified according to the Suzuki staging system. For detection of MESs, transcranial Doppler was performed at the middle cerebral artery bilaterally for a 30-minute period. Mean flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery were also evaluated and categorized into low (<40 cm/s), normal (40–80 cm/s), and high (>80 cm/s). Clinical characteristics, cerebral angiography findings, recent ischemic events within 3 months, and antiplatelet medication were correlated with transcranial Doppler findings.

Results—

MESs were detected in 11 of the 48 patients (23%), with a frequency of 11 of 89 (12%) examined hemispheres. The mean number of MESs was 2 (range, 1–6). Six of the 11 hemispheres (55%) presented with ischemic strokes or transient ischemic attacks, and 2 (18%) presented with hemorrhagic strokes. The presence of MESs was associated with recent ischemic events (
P
=0.024) and high mean flow velocities (
P
=0.016), which was usually observed in Suzuki stage I and II (early-stage MMD). After controlling for age, sex, and antiplatelet medication, both recent ischemic events (odds ratio, 6.294; 95% CI, 1.345–29.457;
P
=0.019) and high mean flow velocities (odds ratio, 6.172; 95% CI, 1.235–31.25;
P
=0.027) were found to be independent predictors of MESs.

Conclusions—

MESs were observed in patients with high mean flow velocities, particularly early-stage MMD, and clinically associated with recent ischemic events. A randomized controlled study is necessary to determine the efficacy of antiplatelet agents in the treatment of MES-positive MMD.
Antiepileptic Drugs to Prevent Seizures After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Angriman Federico , Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan Bharath Kumar , Dragoi Laura , Lopez Soto Carmen , Chapman Martin , Scales Damon C.
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose—

We sought to evaluate the available literature to determine whether primary seizure prevention with antiepileptic drugs reduces the risk of poor outcomes and clinically relevant seizures among adult patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods—

Meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials evaluating the use of any antiepileptic drug for primary seizure prevention among adult (≥18 years) patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. The primary end point was poor clinical outcome at the longest recorded follow-up, defined as either a high (>3) modified Rankin Scale score or all-cause mortality during follow-up if the modified Rankin Scale score was not recorded. Early and late seizures were secondary outcomes. A random mixed effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio of outcomes and associated 95% CI.

Results—

We identified 7 studies with a total of 3241 patients for analysis of the primary outcome and 4 studies with a total of 1861 patients for analysis of the secondary outcomes. Overall, the use of antiepileptic drugs was not associated with a high Rankin Scale or all-cause mortality (odds ratio: 0.99; 95% CI, 0.66–1.49) or incident seizures (odds ratio: 0.89; 95% CI, 0.52–1.51) at the longest recorded follow-up time.

Conclusions—

The use of antiepileptic drugs as primary prevention among adult patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is not associated with improved neurological function during long-term follow-up. Future studies should focus on the preventive use of distinct antiepileptic agents among patients at high risk of both seizures and poor outcomes.
Cortical Dynamics of Semantic Priming and Interference during Word Production: An Intracerebral Study
Authors: Anders Royce , Llorens Anaïs , Dubarry Anne-Sophie , Trébuchon Agnès , Liégeois-Chauvel Catherine , Alario F.-Xavier
Published: April 2019

Language production requires that semantic representations are mapped to lexical representations on the basis of the ongoing context to select the appropriate words. This mapping is thought to generate two opposing phenomena, “semantic priming,” where multiple word candidates are activated, and “interference,” where these word activities are differentiated to make a goal-relevant selection. In previous neuroimaging and neurophysiological research, priming and interference have been associated to activity in regions of a left frontotemporal network. Most of such studies relied on recordings that either have high temporal or high spatial resolution, but not both. Here, we employed intracerebral EEG techniques to explore with both high resolutions, the neural activity associated with these phenomena. The data came from nine epileptic patients who were stereotactically implanted for presurgical diagnostics. They performed a cyclic picture-naming task contrasting semantically homogeneous and heterogeneous contexts. Of the 84 brain regions sampled, 39 showed task-evoked activity that was significant and consistent across two patients or more. In nine of these regions, activity was significantly modulated by the semantic manipulation. It was reduced for semantically homogeneous contexts (i.e., priming) in eight of these regions, located in the temporal ventral pathway as well as frontal areas. Conversely, it was increased only in the pre-SMA, notably at an early poststimulus temporal window (200–300 msec) and a preresponse temporal window (700–800 msec). These temporal effects respectively suggest the pre-SMA's role in initial conflict detection (e.g., increased response caution) and in preresponse control. Such roles of the pre-SMA are traditional from a history of neural evidence in simple perceptual tasks, yet are also consistent with recent cognitive lexicosemantic theories that highlight top–down processes in language production. Finally, although no significant semantic modulation was found in the ACC, future intracerebral EEG work should continue to inspect ACC with the pre-SMA.
Orthographic Priming in Braille Reading as Evidence for Task-specific Reorganization in the Ventral Visual Cortex of the Congenitally Blind
Authors: Rączy Katarzyna , Urbańczyk Aleksandra , Korczyk Maksymilian , Szewczyk Jakub Michał , Sumera Ewa , Szwed Marcin
Published: April 2019

The task-specific principle asserts that, following deafness or blindness, the deprived cortex is reorganized in a manner such that the task of a given area is preserved even though its input modality has been switched. Accordingly, tactile reading engages the ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT) in the blind in a similar way to regular reading in the sighted. Others, however, show that the vOT of the blind processes spoken sentence structure, which suggests that the task-specific principle might not apply to vOT. The strongest evidence for the vOT's engagement in sighted reading comes from orthographic repetition–suppression studies. Here, congenitally blind adults were tested in an fMRI repetition–suppression paradigm. Results reveal a double dissociation, with tactile orthographic priming in the vOT and auditory priming in general language areas. Reconciling our finding with other evidence, we propose that the vOT in the blind serves multiple functions, one of which, orthographic processing, overlaps with its function in the sighted.
A distinctive new species of the alpheid genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from the northwestern Pacific
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , ANKER ARTHUR
Published: April 2019

A new species of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955, S. pinguis sp. nov., is described based on the ho-lotype from Okinawa, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. An additional, much smaller and morphologically slightly differentspecimen from Panglao, Bohol Sea, the Philippines, is tentatively assigned to S. pinguis. sp. nov. The new species is oneof the most unusual members of Salmoneus presenting a combination of several unique characters, including the unusuallystout, plump body; the carapace strongly domed dorsally, with a broadly rounded rostrum, and without orbital teeth; thesecond abdominal pleuron conspicuously enlarged; the fourth pleuron greatly overlapping the fifth pleuron; the antennularand antennal flagella furnished with long setae; and the major cheliped comparatively small, and with the distally blunt, slightly bulbous fingertips.
Morphology of preimaginal stages of Lauxania and Calliopum (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)
Authors: SEMELBAUER MAREK , KOZÁNEK MILAN
Published: April 2019

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of all preimaginal stages of the following lauxaniid species is presented for thefirst time: Lauxania cylindricornis (Fabricius), L. minor Martinek, Calliopum aeneum (Fallén), C. elisae (Meigen), C.splendidum Papp and C. simillimum (Collin). Detailed images of the pseudocephalon, antenna, maxillary palpus, facial mask,cirri, mouth hooks, body segments and anterior and posterior spiracles of all larval instars are provided along with illustrationsof the cephaloskeleton for all three instars. Eggs bear longitudinal ridges and a perforated tubercle on the posterior end. Larvaehave several rows of cirri, a pair of abdominal ambulatory lobes and the distal part of Malpighian tubules is filled with whitematter. Identification of species or genera is problematic especially in the second instar. Puparia are barrel-shaped, while thecalcareous deposit over the puparium typical for other lauxaniids is missing. The morphology of the immature stages supports the notion that Lauxania may be not monophyletic.
Three new species of the genus Laena Dejean from China (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Lagriinae)
Authors: ZHAO XIAO-LIN , REN GUO-DONG
Published: April 2019

Three new species of Laena Dejean: L. bidentata sp. nov. and L. exjuncta sp. nov. (CHINA: Sichuan), and L. flectotibia sp.nov. (CHINA: Yunnan), are described. Photos of the habitus and aedeagi, with illustrations of legs, antennae, and ventrites of the male and female are provided.
Catalogue of the Dryinidae and Sclerogibbidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) of Belize, with description of two new species
Authors: SCHÜEPP CHRISTOF , OLMI MASSIMO
Published: April 2019

Eighteen species of Dryinidae and one species of Sclerogibbidae are listed from Belize. Two new species of Dryinidae,Anteon dykeae Olmi, sp. nov. and Dryinus schueeppi Olmi, sp. nov., are described from Belize, Corozal District. Keys toNeotropical species of Anteon and Dryinus are modified and include new species. Nine species of Dryinidae and one spe-cies of Sclerogibbidae are newly recorded from Belize. New records of Dryinidae are: four species from Panama, two spe-cies from Paraguay, and one species from Colombia, Mexico, Honduras, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia and French Guiana. The dryinid and sclerogibbid fauna of Belize is still under-sampled and insufficiently known.
Evidence for the recognition of two species of Anolis formerly referred to as A. tropidogaster (Squamata: Dactyloidae)
Authors: KÖHLER GUNTHER , BATISTA ABEL , VESELY MILAN , PONCE MARCOS , CARRIZO ARCADIO , LOTZKAT SEBASTIAN
Published: April 2019

Based on differences in hemipenial morphology, male dewlap coloration, pholidosis, and 16S mtDNA, we recognize twospecies of anoles related to what was formerly referred to as Anolis tropidogaster: Anolis tropidogaster Hallowell 1856and A. gaigei Ruthven 1916. The hemipenis in A. tropidogaster is large, bulbous, and bilobed whereas it is small, thin,and unilobed in A. gaigei; the male dewlap is almost uniform purplish red, sometimes with a paler orange central area inA. tropidogaster versus orange yellow with a darker orange central area in A. gaigei; and—aside from more subtle differ-ences in several pholidotic characteristics—in male A. gaigei there is a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales whichis absent in A. tropidogaster. In the western part of its geographic range, A. gaigei has been confused with another anolespecies, A. polylepis Peters 1873, from which it can be readily distinguished by its strongly keeled ventral scales (smooth in A. polylepis).
Discovery of Aphanipathes verticillata (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) in the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: OPRESKO D. M. , WAGNER D. , MONTGOMERY A. D. , BRUGLER M. R.
Published: April 2019

Mesophotic coral reef surveys conducted off Maui in 2008–2009 revealed several specimens superficially resembling thecommercial black coral species Antipathes griggi Opresko 2009. After subsequent microscopic examination of the skel-etal features, these colonies proved to be morphologically very similar to Aphanipathes verticillata Brook 1889, a speciesnever before reported from the Hawaiian Islands. A comparison with samples of the type material of A. verticillata indi-cated that the specimens collected in Hawaiian waters differed from the type in having simplier and less dense tubercleson the skeletal spines, a character which merits the recognition of the Hawaiian population as a new subspecies, A. ver-ticillata mauiensis. Colonies of the new subspecies exhibit considerable morphological variation; DNA analysis of fifteenspecimens ruled out the possibility of the presence of a cryptic species. Further DNA investigations on specimens fromvarious localities in the western Pacific and Indian Ocean are needed to better understand the genetic relationship betweenthe two forms. The morphological similarity of A. verticillata mauiensis with Antipathes griggi raises questions concern-ing the validity of past field surveys evaluating the population size and structure of A. griggi since it is possible that thetwo species could easily be misidentified based on gross morphology alone. Additional studies are also needed to document the geographic and bathymetric distribution of the subspecies along the Hawaiian Island chain.
Discovery of the subgenus Lithobius (Sigibius) Chamberlin, 1913 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae) in East Asia: A review the Chinese species
Authors: MA HUIQIN , PEI SUJIAN , LI YAYING , SHI BAOJUN
Published: April 2019

The present paper reviews the centipede species of the subgenus Lithobius (Sigibius) Chamberlin, 1913 (Lithobiomorpha: Lith-obiidae) of the Chinese fauna, including a new species Lithobius (Sigibius) trichinocaput sp. n. recently discovered from HebeiProvince, the only East Asian record of this otherwise Central and North America subgenus of Lithobiomorpha. Diagnoses ofthe subgenus and the species, detailed account on species distribution and a key to the Chinese Lithobius (Sigibius) species are presented.
Revision of the Crematogaster brevis complex in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: HOSOISHI SHINGO , OGATA KAZUO
Published: April 2019

The Crematogaster brevis complex is revised and seven species and one subspecies, including one new species, are recognized.Two species groups are established based on the worker caste. The C. brevis group contains two species: brevis Emery, 1887;and overbecki Viehmeyer, 1916. The C. treubi group contains five species and one subspecies: bouvardi Santschi, 1920. stat.nov.; kojimai sp. nov.; treubi Emery, 1896; treubi apilis Forel, 1913; walshi Forel, 1902; and yappi Forel, 1901. The followingnew synonymies are proposed: C. treubi Emery, 1896 = C. millardi Forel, 1902 = C. treubi vastatrix Forel, 1911. A key to the species based on the worker caste is given. Crematogaster jacobsoni Forel, 1911 is transferred to the subgenus Crematogaster.
A new species of Metreletus Demoulin, 1951 from the far eastern region of Russia (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae)
Authors: TIUNOVA TATIANA M.
Published: April 2019

Metreletus omelkoi sp. nov. (male, female imagines and male, female subimagines, larvae and egg) is described from the fareastern region of Russia. The genus Metreletus Demoulin, 1951 has a trans-Palaearctic distribution and includes two species:the West-European mountain species, M. balcanicus Ulmer, 1920, and the Far-Eastern species, M. micus Bajkova, 1976. Metre-letus omelkoi sp. nov. is the second species from Far-Eastern Russia and the third globally. The larvae of M. omelkoi sp. nov.differ from the other species in their genus by the size of gill I (M. micus) and the form of gills II–VII (M. balcanicus). The male imago of the new species can be distinguished from M. balcanicus by shape, the penis lobes.
Coelindroma Kramer (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from Brazil: description of two new species and new record of C. fungosa
Authors: GONÇALVES CLAYTON CORREA , MARQUES-COSTA ANA PAULA , ALE-ROCHA ROSALY
Published: April 2019

Two new species of Coelindroma Kramer,1967: Coelindroma cornuta sp. nov. and Coelindroma tuberculata sp. nov. aredescribed and illustrated. C. cornuta sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the aedeaguswith pair of long apical divergent processes; while C. tuberculata sp. nov. can be distinguished by the aedeagus with pairof short apical convergent processes. C. fungosa Kramer, 1967 is recorded from Brazil and an identification key to males of the species is provided.
Hyptia deansi sp. nov., the first record of Evaniidae (Hymenoptera) from Mexican amber
Authors: JENNINGS JOHN T. , KROGMANN LARS , MEW STEVEN L.
Published: April 2019

Hyptia deansi sp. nov. represents the first record of Evaniidae (Hymenoptera) from Lower Miocene to Upper Oligocene Mexi-can amber, Simojovel, Chiapas, Mexico and is described based on a well preserved female specimen. Phylogenetically relevantmorphological characters are discussed with reference to fossil and extant genera of Evaniidae. The new fossil is placed in theextant New World genus Hyptia Illiger 1807, based on the presence of just a single fore wing cell, the absence of tubular veins M+CU, 1CUa, 1Cub, and the presence of 11 flagellomeres.
Revision of Australian jumping spider genus Servaea Simon 1887 (Aranaea: Salticidae) including use of DNA sequence data and predicted distributions
Authors: RICHARDSON BARRY J. , GUNTER NICOLE L.
Published: April 2019

The genus Servaea Simon 1887 is revised and redefined. Descriptions and identification keys are provided to the following sixspecies, of which three are described as new: Servaea incana (Karsch 1878), Servaea narraweena n. sp., Servaea melaina n.sp., Servaea spinibarbis Simon 1909, Servaea villosa (Keyserling 1881) and Servaea zabkai n. sp. The type species of thegenus, Servaea vestita (L. Koch 1879), is proposed here to be a junior synonym of Servaea incana. In addition to the diagnosesand descriptions, distributional and nucleotide sequence information are provided. DNA sequence data for the segment of COIused in other salticid studies was obtained for the five species for which suitable material was available. Intraspecific variationin S. villosa and S. incana were studied in more detail. Within-species divergence was S. melaina and S spinibarbis, had adjacent predicted distributions, one coastal on sandy soils and one inland on other soil types.
A new species of the genus Clastopus Fairmaire, 1898 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini) from Madagascar
Authors: IWAN DARIUSZ , KAMIŃSKI MARCIN JAN , AALBU ROLF
Published: April 2019

A new species of the genus Clastopus Fairmaire, 1898 is described and illustrated. At present this genus consists of five speciesdistributed on the island of Madagascar: C. aberlenci Iwan, 2005, C. eurynotoides Fairmaire, 1898, C. ordinarius (Iwan, 1996),C. tenuiculus (Iwan, 1996) and C. griswoldi sp. nov. The material studied was acquired from California Academy of Sciences expeditions conducted between 2000 and 2002. A key is proposed to the species of Clastopus.
Redescription and neotype designation of Lobogynium sudhiri (Datta) (Acari: Diplogyniidae), a mite associated with beetles of the genus Atholus (Thomson) (Coleoptera: Histeridae) in the Palaearctic region
Authors: PLUMARI MASSIMO , KAZEMI SHAHROOZ
Published: April 2019

Ophiocelaeno sudhiri Datta, 1985 (family Diplogyniidae) is transferred to the genus Lobogynium Trägårdh, 1950 and rede-scribed from specimens collected in close association with histerid beetles of the genus Atholus (Thomson) in Europe and Asia.The genus Lobogynium is redefined and a key to the species is presented. The first description of the female, detailed redescrip-tion of the male and the new combination Lobogynium sudhiri (Datta, 1985) comb. nov. are given. A neotype is designated forthis species, because the holotype is lost. A strongly sclerotised antero-lateral circum-anal area appears to be an autapomorphicfeature of this species. Lobogynium sudhiri is widely distributed in the Palaearctic region, and is probably a sapro-coprophilous species that completes its life-cycle in dung and other decaying organic matter.
Four new species of the genus Ischnothyreus from Hainan Island, China (Araneae, Oonopidae)
Authors: TONG YANFENG , LI SHUQIANG
Published: April 2019

Four new species of the genus Ischnothyreus are reported from Hainan Island, China: I. auritus sp. nov., I. spineus sp. nov., I. xui sp. nov. and I. yuanyeae sp. nov.
Ahamulina n. gen. (Cestoda: Diphyllidea) from the polkadot catshark, Scyliorhinus besnardi (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae), off Brazil
Authors: MARQUES FERNANDO P. L. , JENSEN KIRSTEN , CAIRA JANINE N.
Published: April 2019

A new genus and species of diphyllidean, Ahamulina catarina n. gen. n. sp., is described from the polkadot catshark, Scyliorhi-nus besnardi, from Santa Catarina, Brazil. The new genus exhibits apical organ armature that is unique among diphyllideans inthe arrangement and shape of the apical hooks as well as in the lack of lateral hooklets. The taxon also exhibits a bipartite cirrussac. This is the seventh diphyllidean reported from a shark, and the third reported from a catshark suggesting that the dearth of cestode data for these particular sharks belies the true extent of diphyllidean diversity they host.
Review of bamboo-feeding leafhopper genus Bambusananus Li & Xing (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of a new species from China
Authors: YANG LIN , CHEN XIANG-SHENG
Published: April 2019

The bamboo-feeding leafhopper genus Bambusananus Li & Xing, 2011 is known to include five species in the world: B. bino-tatus (Li & Dai), B. bipunctatus (Li), B. furcatus Li & Xing, B. lii sp. nov. and B. maculipennis (Li & Wang). One new species,B. lii sp. nov. (Guizhou Province, China), is described and illustrated. Information on host plants and distribution for each species of Bambusananus is given along with a key to all known species.
Revision of the Fijian Chimarra (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae) with description of 24 new species
Authors: JOHANSON KJELL ARNE , OLÁH JÁNOS
Published: April 2019

The philopotamid genus Chimarra (Trichoptera) of Fiji is revised. The previously described species Chimarra nervosa(Brauer, 1867) is considered a nomen dubium. Chimarra indigota Mosely, 1941, is synonymized with Chimarra manniBanks, 1924. The following 24 new Chimarra species are described: C. vanuensis, C. macuatensis, C. schlingeri, C. nath-ani, C. braueri, C. vitiensis, C. karoyanitensis, C. tokotaai, C. vuda, C. naitasirensis, C. veisarensis, C. fijiana, C. abacen-sis, C. cakaudrovensis, C. cartwrighti, C. kimminsi, C. kadavuensis, C. lavensis, C. devoensis, C. helomyzida, C. tipulida,C. psychodida, C. levuensis, and C. malickyi. Chimarra signata Banks, 1936, C. manni Banks, 1924, and C. obscurella Banks, 1924, are re-described based on type material.
Redescription of Ceroderma asperata Raffray, and description of Cerochusa cilioceps gen. et sp. n. from Hainan, South China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)
Authors: YIN ZI-WEI , NOMURA SHÛHEI , LI LI-ZHEN
Published: April 2019

The monotypic genus Ceroderma Raffray and the type species C. asperata Raffray are redescribed and illustrated, based onexamination of the holotype and additional specimens collected near the type locality. An allied new genus and species, Cero-chusa cilioceps Yin & Nomura, gen. et sp. nov. is described from Hainan Island, South China, and distinguished from related batrisine genera.
A new species and notes on the subgenus Deltochilum (Deltochilum) Eschscholtz, 1822 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)
Authors: GÉNIER FRANÇOIS
Published: April 2019

Deltochilum eurymedon new species is described and illustrated. Two new synonymies are proposed, Deltochilum (Telhyboma)Kolbe, 1893 = Deltochilum (Deltochilum) Eschscholtz, 1822 and D. (D.) scabriusculum montanum Howden, 1966 = D. (D.)scabriusculum Bates, 1887. Diagnostic characters are given and aedeagi are illustrated for each species currently included in the subgenus Deltochilum. Finally, distributional data and literature records are also provided.
“Taxonomic certification versus the scientific method”: a rebuttal of Rogers (2012)
Authors: STRIBLING JAMES , SWEENEY BERNARD , MORSE JOHN , CORKUM GAIL , LESTER GARY , MILLER SCOTT , MITCHELL RICHARD , POULTON BARRY , STRACHAN STEPHANIE , WETZEL MARK
Published: April 2019

We read with great interest the correspondence article entitled “Taxonomic certification versus the scientific method” (Rogers 2012), and, as members of the Taxonomic Certification Committee of the Society for Freshwater Science (formerly, the North American Benthological Society [NABS, 1975–2011]) (SFS-TCC 2012), we agreed to respond in a constructive fashion with factual information to correct and provide perspective for a few errors, unfounded and confused assumptions, and misperceptions it presents. The nature and structure of the article and its title requires that our response be segregated into two main parts. First, we briefly describe the philosophy, purpose, and objectives of the Taxonomic Certification Program (TCP [http://www.sfstcp.com/]) as developed and administered by the SFS, including correcting inaccurate statements or false assumptions. Second, we will address the issues Rogers has with terminology used in a paper he cites (Stribling et al. 2003 [not 2002 as cited by Rogers]). The former issue is, by far, most important—primarily because it has the potential of adversely affecting a program that has already had a large positive impact on the quality of biological monitoring in the USA and Canada by recognizing laboratory staff with demonstrated ability to perform taxonomic identifications of benthic macroinvertebrate samples. The terminology issue is trivial, but because the comments are made in print, we correct them in print by rebutting Rogers’ perception that we were in error.
Resolution of taxonomic problems associated with the complex publication history of the seminal Torre and Bartsch monograph on Cuban Urocoptidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)
Authors: KABAT ALAN R. , HERSHLER ROBERT , González-Guillén ADRIAN
Published: April 2019

This paper clarifies the confusion relating to the publication of Carlos de la Torre & Paul Bartsch’s taxonomic study of theCuban Urocoptidae. This massive work, which described >500 new taxa, was completed in manuscript form in 1943, butwas not published during the authors’ lifetime. In 1972 Miguel Jaume and Alfredo de la Torre (a nephew of C. de la Torre)published a slightly modified version of a large portion of this manuscript in the Circulares del Museo y Biblioteca deZoología de la Habana, a mimeographed journal which is available for taxonomic purposes per ICZN Code Article 8. The420 new taxa introduced in this paper were made available under the ICZN Code (even though many were differentiatedonly in identification keys) and should be attributed to C. de la Torre & Bartsch because the descriptions were copied fromthe 1943 manuscript and Jaume & A. de la Torre explicitly credited this work to the former two authors (per Article 50 ofthe 1964 edition of the ICZN Code). The 1972 paper does not delineate type material for most of the new species-grouptaxa; however the detailed information provided in the 1943 manuscript constitutes valid evidence of the type series perICZN Code (1999) Article 72.2. The 1972 paper was republished by Jaume & A. de la Torre in 1976 in the Ciencias Bi-ológicas of the Universidad de la Habana. In 1980 Jaume & A. de la Torre prepared a typescript describing the remainingnew taxa from the 1943 manuscript, which was slated to be published in the Circulares; however we have not found anyevidence that it was distributed or otherwise made available in a manner satisfying the ICZN Code criteria for availability.In 2008 Carolina de la Torre, grand-niece of C. de la Torre, published the entire 1943 manuscript in a book of more than760 pages that was printed in Havana. The authorship of this book was credited to C. de la Torre & Bartsch. The bookdescribes as new the taxa already treated in the 1972 paper as well as 130 additional taxa, which also should be attributedto C. de la Torre & Bartsch. We briefly discuss the disposition of the Cuban urocoptid material studied by C. de la Torre & Bartsch and the subsequent citations to their taxonomic study of this fauna.
A new freshwater shrimp species of the genus Palaemon Weber, 1795 (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) from northeastern Japan
Authors: KATOGI YUICHI , CHIBA SUSUMU , YOKOYAMA KATSUHIDE , HATAKEYAMA MAKOTO , SHIRAI SHIGERU , KOMAI TOMOYUKI
Published: April 2019

The palaemonid shrimp genus Palaemon Weber 1795 is currently represented by 87 species worldwide, of which 36 species inhabit freshwater environments. In this study, we describe a new species of the genus, P. septemtrionalis, primarily based on material collected from rivers in Miyagi Prefecture, Tohoku District, northeastern Japan. The present new species is morphologically and genetically close to Palaemon paucidens De Haan, 1841, but it is morphologically distinguishable from the latter by the chela of the pereopod 2 being longer than the carpus (versus shorter than the carpus in P. paucidens) and the possession of a low, laminar convexity on the flexor margin of the pereopod 3 dactylus just proximal to the base of the unguis (such a laminar structure is absent in P. paucidens). Comparison of partial sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene supports the recognition of the new species. Examination of museum collections and a BLAST search on GenBank revealed that the geographical range of the new species includes the Sea of Japan side ranging from Hokkaido to Hyogo Prefecture and the Pacific side ranging from Aomori to Miyagi Prefecture. An identification key to the 13 Japanese species of the genus is presented.
†Bittacopsocus—a new bizarre genus of †Permopsocida (Insecta) from Burmese Cretaceous amber
Authors: BEUTEL ROLF GEORG , PROKOP JAKUB , MÜLLER PATRICK , POHL HANS
Published: April 2019

A new insect species (†Bittacopsocus megacephalus Beutel, Prokop, Müller et Pohl gen. et sp. nov.) is described, based on a single small male (ca. 2.5 mm) embedded in mid Cretaceous Burmese amber. The species shows some resemblance with the mecopteran family Bittacidae, mainly due to strongly elongated and thin legs. However, the structural affinities are apparently due to convergency. Different features, but especially the mouthparts and the pattern of wing venation, indicate that the species belongs to the extinct order †Permopsocida (?Archipsyllidae). However, it differs markedly from all species previously described in this extinct group. The very thin and strongly elongated legs are probably autapomorphic. A very unusual feature is the antenna with only seven segments and extremely elongated flagellomeres. The two pairs of wings are unusually narrow. M and CuA are basally fused. Proximal rows of spines, two series of closed cells, and a distinctly increased number of terminal branches of M are present in the forewings, in contrast to other archipsyllid genera. It is conceivable that Bittacopsocus megacephalus used its long legs to rest suspended in the vegetation like Bittacus. The head structures tentatively suggest predatory behavior but the feeding habits are unclarified yet.
Changes in Vegetation Cover of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Estimated from MODIS Greenness Trends, 2000–18
Authors: Potter Christopher
Published: April 2019

Trends and transitions in the growing-season normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite sensor at 250-m resolution were analyzed for the period from 2000 to 2018 to understand recent patterns of vegetation change in ecosystems of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska. Statistical analysis of changes in the NDVI time series was conducted using the breaks for additive seasonal and trend method (BFAST). This structural change analysis indicated that NDVI breakpoints and negative 18-yr trends in vegetation greenness over the years since 2000 could be explained in large part by the impacts of severe wildfires. At least one NDVI breakpoint was detected in around 20% of the MODIS pixels within both the Porcupine River and Coleen River basins of the study area. The vast majority of vegetation cover in the ANWR Brooks Range and coastal plain ecoregions was detected with no (positive or negative) growing-season NDVI trends since the year 2000. Results suggested that most negative NDVI anomalies in the 18-yr MODIS record have been associated with early spring thawing and elevated levels of surface moisture in low-elevation drainages of the northern ANWR ecoregions.
Summer Temperature over the Tibetan Plateau Modulated by Atlantic Multidecadal Variability
Authors: Shi Chunming , Sun Cheng , Wu Guocan , Wu Xiuchen , Chen Deliang , Masson-Delmotte Valérie , Li Jianping , Xue Jiaqing , Li Zongshan , Ji Duoying , Zhang Jing , Fan Zexin , Shen Miaogen , Shu Lifu , Ciais Philippe
Published: April 2019

Rapid warming has led to an aggregated environmental degradation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in the last few decades, including accelerated glacier retreat, early snowmelt, permafrost degradation, and forest fire occurrence. Attribution of this warming in recent decades has mainly been focused on anthropogenic forcing. Yet, linkages to the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV), an essential part of the climate system causing decadal to centennial fluctuations of temperature, remains poorly understood for the TP, especially at long time scales. Using well-replicated tree-ring width records, we reconstructed 358 years of summer minimum temperature (MinT) of the whole TP. This reconstruction matches the recent warming signal recorded since the 1980s, and captures 63% of the variance in 1950–2005 instrumental records. A teleconnection from the North Atlantic to the TP is further identified based in observations and simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). We propose that half of the multidecadal variability of TP summer MinT can be explained by the AMV over the past three and a half centuries. Both observations and AGCM simulations indicate that the AMV warm phase induces a zonal dipole response in sea level pressure across the Atlantic–Eurasia region, with anomalously high surface pressure and corresponding downward atmospheric motion over the TP. We propose that the descending motion during warm AMV phases causes negative rainfall and positive temperature anomalies over the TP. Our findings highlight that the AMV plays a role in the multidecadal temperature variability over the TP.
Triggering Global Climate Transitions through Volcanic Eruptions
Authors: Gupta Mukund , Marshall John , Ferreira David
Published: April 2019

A coupled climate model with idealized representations of atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land is used to investigate transitions between global climate equilibria. The model supports the presence of climates with limited ice cover (Warm), a continuum of climates in which sea ice extends down into the midlatitudes and the tropics (Cold), together with a completely ice-covered earth (Snowball). Transitions between these states are triggered through volcanic eruptions, where the radiative effect of stratospheric sulfur emissions is idealized as an impulse reduction in incoming solar radiation. Snowball transitions starting from the Cold state are more favorable than from the Warm state, because less energy must be extracted from the system. However, even when starting from a Cold climate, Toba-like volcanic events (cooling of order −100 W m−2) must be sustained continuously for several decades to glaciate the entire planet. When the deep ocean is involved, the volcanic response is characterized by relaxation time scales spanning hundreds to thousands of years. If the interval between successive eruptions is significantly shorter (years to decades) than the ocean’s characteristic time scales, the cumulative cooling can build over time and initiate a state transition. The model exhibits a single hysteresis loop that connects all three climate equilibria. When starting from a Snowball, the model cannot access the Cold branch without first transitioning to an ice-free climate and completing the hysteresis loop. By contrast, a Cold state, when warmed, transitions to the Warm equilibrium without any hysteresis.
Downslope Winds and Dust Storms in the Salton Basin
Authors: Evan Amato T.
Published: April 2019

The Salton basin is a closed, subsea level basin located in extreme southeastern California. At the center of the basin lies the Salton Sea, the state’s largest inland lake, which is surrounded by a desert landscape characterized by paleo lakebed surfaces, dry washes, alluvial fans, and interdunes. Dust storms are common occurrence in this region. However, despite the regularity of dust outbreaks here, little is known about the meteorological processes responsible for these storms. Here I use observations and output from reanalysis to elucidate the meteorological controls on dust emission events in the Salton basin during 2015–18. Analysis of surface and upper-air observations, satellite data, and reanalysis, suggest that the largest dust storms in the region are associated with an upper-level low centered near the coastline of western Canada, which directs a zonal low-level jet over the region. Flow blocking by a coastal mountain range results in isentropic drawdown of air in the lee of these mountains. Once surface warming at the floor of the Salton basin is sufficient such that the density of the descending air is greater than that of the ambient air at the surface, the downslope windstorm reaches the desert floor and initiates dust emission. This process may also be accompanied by a downwind propagating hydraulic jump. These processes appear to be similar to those responsible for the strongest dust events in the Owens Valley, and may represent the main mechanisms for emission from other closed basins.
Incivility as Dissent
Authors: Edyvane Derek
Published: April 2019

State attempts to legislate for civility, such as the UK’s Injunctions to Prevent Nuisance and Annoyance, are usually challenged on libertarian grounds. This article develops a novel democratic challenge to such legislation, arguing that un-civil behaviours sometimes constitute masked expressions of dissent. It first elaborates a conceptual analysis, linking the forms of annoying behaviour targeted by legislation with the practice of incivility. It then articulates a structural association between incivility and dissent and develops on that basis a substantive normative case for the democratic value of incivility. In this way, the article highlights the role of bad behaviour in sustaining liberal democratic institutions and the ways in which the tradition of political thought about civil disobedience can obscure the possibilities of democratic dissent. It thereby informs public debates about the ‘crisis of civility’ in modern society and offers a new perspective on scholarly debates about the ethics of resistance.
The Positive Impact of Perceived Union Support on Union Member Work Meaningfulness: Examining Mechanisms and Boundary Conditions
Authors: Cardador M. Teresa , Grant Brandon C. , Bruno Robert
Published: April 2019

Meaningful work has been linked to consequential individual and organizational outcomes, and has, therefore, become an important topic of study. Yet there is a paucity of research examining the effect of unions on members’ work meaningfulness. In a field sample, using a time-lagged survey methodology, we examined the effect of perceived union support on members’ perceptions of work meaningfulness, and tested perceived union fulfillment of workers’ psychological needs as a mediator. Additionally, we examined the conditional effect of union identification on these relationships. We find that supportive unions foster work meaningfulness via psychological need fulfillment, but these relationships are not conditioned on union identification.
Risk Factors for Blood Transfusion with Neck Dissection
Authors: Azmy Monica C. , Pinto Juanita , Patel Nirali M. , Govindan Aparna , Kalyoussef Evelyne
Published: April 2019

Objectives

To identify risk factors of perioperative blood transfusions (PBTs) for neck dissection and identify the association of PBTs with other postoperative outcomes.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) database. The database was queried for neck dissection procedures performed by otolaryngologists from 2006 to 2014. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations between demographic and preoperative factors, mortality, unplanned reoperation, and unplanned readmission with PBTs.

Results

Of the 3090 patients included in our study, 346 (11.2%) received a PBT, 249 patients (72.0%) received blood intraoperatively or on postoperative day (POD) 0, and 97 patients (28.0%) received blood within 5 PODs. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class ≥3 (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4‐3.2), preoperative weight loss (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.5‐3.2), and anemia (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 4.1‐7.6) were independently associated with PBTs. Free flaps were also significantly associated with PBTs. PBTs were significantly associated with unplanned return to the operating room within 30 days (OR, 4.31; 95% CI, 3.01‐6.18) but not with 30‐day unplanned readmission or 30‐day mortality.

Discussion

Eleven percent of patients undergoing neck dissection receive a PBT. Identifying associated risk factors may reduce PBT among patients with cancer. Comorbid data, such as weight loss, anemia, and ASA class, may be useful in determining risk for transfusion during these procedures.

Implications for Practice

Awareness of preoperative risk factors for PBT may lead surgeons to reduce the risk of PBT, anticipate the need for transfusion, and manage these patients carefully to prevent unplanned reoperation.