bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcome of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Diagnosed With or Without Coronary Angiography
Authors: Misumida Naoki , Ogunbayo Gbolahan O. , Kim Sun Moon , Abdel-Latif Ahmed , Ziada Khaled M. , Sorrell Vincent L.
Published: June 2018

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is definitively diagnosed following the exclusion of acute coronary syndrome. We aimed to examine the rate of coronary angiography in patients diagnosed with TC and also the outcome of patients with TC diagnosed with or without coronary angiography. We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample database from 2010 to 2014 and identified patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of TC. We compared in-hospital mortality between patients who underwent coronary angiography and those who did not. We also evaluated the association between coronary angiography and in-hospital mortality using a propensity score–adjusted multivariable analysis. Among 22 818 patients diagnosed with TC, 87.4% underwent coronary angiography and 12.6% did not. Patients who did not undergo coronary angiography had a higher in-hospital mortality than those who did (3.0% vs 0.9%; P < .001). Increased mortality in patients who did not undergo coronary angiogram was observed in both male (8.0% vs 2.8%; P = .03) and female patients (2.6% vs 0.7%; P < .001) and in patients 61 to 80 years old and ≥81 years old, but not in patients ≤60 years old. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the lack of coronary angiography was independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio: 2.92; 95% confidence interval: 1.52-5.65; P = .001).
Application of Local Intrinsic Dimension for Acoustical Analysis of Voice Signal Components
Authors: Liu Boquan , Polce Evan , Jiang Jack
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

The overall aim of this study was to apply local intrinsic dimension ( Di) estimation to quantify high-dimensional, disordered voice and discriminate between the 4 types of voice signals. It was predicted that continuous Di analysis throughout the entire time-series would generate comprehensive descriptions of voice signal components, called voice type component profiles (VTCP), that effectively distinguish between the 4 voice types.

Method:

One hundred thirty-five voice recording samples of the sustained vowel /a/ were obtained from the Disordered Voice Database Model 4337 and spectrographically classified into the voice type paradigm. The Di and correlation dimension ( D2) were then used to objectively analyze the voice samples and compared based on voice type differentiation efficacy.

Results:

The D2 exhibited limited effectiveness in distinguishing between the 4 voice type signals. For Di analysis, significant differences were primarily observed when comparing voice type component 1 (VTC1) and 4 (VTC4) across the 4 voice type signals ( P < .001). The 4 voice type components (VTCs) significantly differentiated between low-dimensional, type 3 and high-dimensional, type 4 signals ( P < .001).

Conclusions:

The Di demonstrated improvements over D2 in 2 distinct manners: enhanced resolution at high data dimensions and comprehensive description of voice signal elements.
Reinforcing of low-density polyethylene by cellulose extracted from agricultural wastes
Authors: Sawalha Shadi , Ma'ali Raed , Surkhi Omar , Sawalha Mohammad , Dardouk Bayan , Walwel Heyam , Haj Ahmad Deema
Published: June 2018

Cellulosic materials were extracted from different agricultural wastes such as corn stalks, olive solid waste, and wood, by using a suitable extraction method. The extracted cellulosic materials were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The produced cellulosic materials were used as reinforcements for low-density polyethylene to improve its tensile and thermal properties. A two-roll mill was used to mix the cellulosic materials (2.5–10 wt.%) with low-density polyethylene , and then the composite sheets were prepared by using a thermal press molding. The effects of filler type and its content on the mechanical and thermal properties were investigated by using the universal testing machine and differential scanning calorimeter, respectively. In general, with the increase of cellulosic materials content, there is an increase in the modulus of elasticity of the produced composites and a decrease of ductility. The ultimate tensile strength of the produced composites based on low-density polyethylene and cellulosic materials extracted from corn stalks and olive solid waste was found to be less than the tensile strength of low-density polyethylene, whereas the ultimate tensile strength of the composites based on low-density polyethylene and cellulose powder extracted from wood increased with increasing the cellulosic content. The addition of cellulosic materials was found to affect both the melting temperature of low-density polyethylene and its degree of crystallinity, depending on the cellulosic material source.
Relationships Between Hoffman Reflex Parameters, Trait Stress, and Athletic Performance
Authors: Bagheri Rasool , Pourahmadi Mohammad Reza , Hedayati Rozita , Safavi-Farokhi Ziaeddin , Aminian-far Atefeh , Tavakoli Sadegh , Bagheri Jafar
Published: June 2018

This study evaluated the relationships between trait stress, Hoffman reflex, and performance among 36 healthy amateur male athletes. We first obtained a trait stress questionnaire from participants and then assigned them to high- and low-stress groups. We next recorded Hoffman reflex data from the soleus and lateral gastrocnemius muscles and then examined their athletic performance on testing protocols separated by a 72-hour washout period. Performance testing utilized vertical jump height, 20 -m sprint time, and standing stork tests. There were significant correlations between (a) the standing stork test, vertical jump height, and trait stress and (b) Hmax/ Mmax ratios, threshold intensity ( Hth), the intensity of the Hmax, and the intensity of the Hlast. Hth, the intensity of Hmax, and the intensity of Hlast were significantly higher among the low-stress compared with the high-stress participant groups ( p < .05), despite participants’ similar training history. We suggest that self-perceived psychological stress affects performance through neural adaptation.
The positive perception of reduced gang violence through a public safety initiative
Authors: Gahunia Shaveta , McConnell Keiron , Bain Andy
Published: June 2018

Gang violence poses a significant concern for the police and the public. In response, in 2008 policing agencies in British Columbia introduced Restaurant Watch, a targeted strategy aiming to deter unwanted gang-involved patrons from attending participating restaurants. In response to a lack of research, the present study examines the perceived success of the programme, through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders participating in the programme. The findings suggest the programme has value based on three important themes: (1) impact on public safety; (2) importance of partnership and open dialogue; and (3) ability to deter inadmissible patrons from participating establishments.
A performance critical analysis of the Lukan Parable of the Banquet (Luke 14:15–24)
Authors: Seal David
Published: June 2018

Most public communication in the ancient world was oral. Given that the first-century world of the Bible can be labeled as a period where people preferred the spoken word over the written word, and Jesus’ parables were shared by word of mouth, it seems crucial to analyze the oral traits found in the written text of the parables. Biblical performance criticism is a methodology which analyzes texts that were intended primarily for oral delivery. Utilizing performance criticism, this article will investigate the so-called banquet parable recounted in Luke 14:15–24, with the intent to discover its oral conventions. Finally, where important oral conventions are identified, we will offer a conceivable script or suggest dramatic elements that can be utilized to re-enact the parable to a modern audience.
The status of the Church in Africa
Authors: Atuahene Daniel
Published: June 2018

The Church in Africa is currently experiencing a surge in numerical growth, consequently making Christianity the leading religion in the continent. Just before the twentieth century, Africa was known to be a heartland of voodooist, witchcraft, and traditional religions. The continent is now emerging as the “center of gravity of Christianity.” Research predicts Africa to have the largest majority of Christian population by 2060, with four in ten Christians living in the region. Despite tremendous growth, however, the Church in Africa still lacks the influence and impact one would expect it to have. Poverty and hunger are still rampant, especially in the Sub-Saharan area, where children are malnourished and deprived. Although the cornerstone of Christianity is love, one would expect that the growth of the Church would affect the socio-economic state of Africa. Sadly, the current statistics show otherwise. Notable, too, is the contribution of missionaries to the global missionary effort, which is only 6%. Amid numerical growth, the African Church still faces major challenges, including but not limited to persecutions in certain regions by some governments and extremist groups, the lack of “African identity,” and low enthusiasm to participate in political leadership and community development.
Winds of change in the church in Australia
Authors: Casiño Tereso Catiil
Published: June 2018

The history of Christianity in Australia had a humble but rich beginning. Its early foundations were built on the sacrifices and hard work of individuals and groups who, although bound by their oath to expand and promote the Crown, showed concern for people who did not share their religious beliefs and norms. Australia provided the Church with an almost unparalleled opportunity to advance the gospel. By 1901, Christianity emerged as the religion of over 90% of the population. Church growth was sustained by a series of revival occurrences, which coincided with momentous social and political events. Missionary work among the aboriginal Australians accelerated. As the nation became wealthier, however, Christian values began to erode. In the aftermath of World War II, new waves of immigrants arrived. When Australia embraced multiculturalism, society slid into pluralism. New players emerged within Christianity, e.g., the Pentecostals and Charismatics. Technological advancement and consumerism impacted Australian society and the Church. By 2016, 30% of the national population claimed to have “no religion.” The Australian Church today navigates uncharted waters wisely and decisively as the winds of change continue to blow across the dry, barren spiritual regions of the nation.
Contested Peace: The Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord
Authors: al Sajib S.M. Sadat , Sohad Muhammad Kazim Nur
Published: June 2018

Located in the south-east corner of Bangladesh, the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) have a history of a vicious conflict between its Bengali settlers and the Paharis, specifically the indigenous community, the Pahari-adivasis. The region’s already volatile background further escalated thanks to the nation-building approach that was being followed by the state after Bangladesh became independent in 1971. This inclination triggered an insurgency movement whose leaders demanded regional autonomy and a recognition of their identity so that people could lead a life of dignity. To quell the movement, the state resorted to military force. Later to introduce peace, the CHT Peace Accord was signed in 1997. However, though it did succeed in bringing about an element of stability, the accord failed in its larger objective as it excluded the engagement of the larger mass of Pahari people. Just over twenty years after the accord was signed, we examine, through a research study, why it neither lead to sustainable peace nor was it successful in its goal of conflict management.
Item Location, the Interviewer–Respondent Interaction, and Responses to Battery Questions in Telephone Surveys
Authors: Olson Kristen , Smyth Jolene D. , Cochran Beth
Published: June 2018

Survey researchers often ask a series of attitudinal questions with a common question stem and response options, known as battery questions. Interviewers have substantial latitude in deciding how to administer these items, including whether to reread the common question stem on items after the first one or to probe respondents’ answers. Despite the ubiquity of use of these items, there is virtually no research on whether respondent and interviewer behaviors on battery questions differ over items in a battery or whether interview behaviors are associated with answers to these questions. This article uses a nationally representative telephone survey with audio-recorded interviews and randomized placement of items within four different batteries to examine interviewer and respondent behaviors and respondent answers in battery questions. Using cross-classified random-effects models, the authors find strong evidence that there is more interviewer–respondent interaction on items asked earlier in the battery. In addition, interviewer and respondent behaviors are associated with both substantive and nonsubstantive answers provided to battery items, especially if the interviewer decided to reread or probe with the response options. These results suggest that survey designers should follow recommendations to randomize battery items and consider the importance of standardization of question administration when designing battery questions.
Unconventional Consumption Methods and Enjoying Things Consumed: Recapturing the “First-Time” Experience
Authors: O’Brien Ed , Smith Robert W.
Published: June 2018

People commonly lament the inability to re-experience familiar things as they were first experienced. Four experiments suggest that consuming familiar things in new ways can disrupt adaptation and revitalize enjoyment. Participants better enjoyed the same familiar food (Experiment 1), drink (Experiment 2), and video (Experiments 3a-3b) simply when re-experiencing the entity via unusual means (e.g., eating popcorn using chopsticks vs. hands). This occurs because unconventional methods invite an immersive “first-time” perspective on the consumption object: boosts in enjoyment were mediated by revitalized immersion into the consumption experience and were moderated by time such that they were strongest when using unconventional methods for the first time (Experiments 1-2); likewise, unconventional methods that actively disrupted immersion did not elicit the boost, despite being novel (Experiments 3a-3b). Before abandoning once-enjoyable entities, knowing to consume old things in new ways (vs. attaining new things altogether) might temporarily restore enjoyment and postpone wasteful replacement.
The politics of pleasing: a critical analysis of multistakeholderism in Public Service Media policies in Flanders
Authors: Donders Karen , Van den Bulck Hilde , Raats Tim
Published: June 2018

This article focuses on contributions and pitfalls of multistakeholder approaches to Public Service Media policymaking. It asks whether the inclusion of stakeholders effectively leads to more coherent and sustainable policies or whether it mainly serves as window dressing and as additional inroad for the private sector to lobby against Public Service Media. First, we discuss multistakeholderism on the basis of deliberative democracy research and scholarly insights on the inclusion of stakeholders in media policy. Subsequently, we present results from Public Service Media policymaking in Flanders since 2010, examining seven instances of multistakeholder policymaking. Findings show that the reality of multistakeholderism is not necessarily inclusive, seems concerned predominantly with the interests of legacy media and does not prevent continued informal lobbying from commercial media. Even when the process is led by academics, politicians instrumentalize results and rarely with a view to improve Public Service Media as democratic policy project.
Policies and Practices Supporting LGBTQ Students in Indiana’s Middle Schools
Authors: Boyland Lori G. , Kirkeby Kimberley M. , Boyland Margaret I.
Published: June 2018

Principals should lead for social justice, particularly in support of marginalized and vulnerable students like lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) adolescents. This quantitative survey-based study collected data from 116 middle grade principals in Indiana to examine the implementation of antibullying policies and best practices supporting LGBTQ students. Findings suggest that utilization of research-based policies and practices may provide protection and support to LGBTQ students from bullying and discrimination at school. Implications for practice include integration of findings with essential research on bullying and LGBTQ youth.
Psychometric Testing of the Resilience at Work Scale Using Indian Sample
Authors: Malik Parul , Garg Pooja
Published: June 2018

Executive Summary

With incessant global competition, technological innovations, organizational restructuring, and turbulent business environment, contemporary organizations need resilient employees, who in turn are capable to face unprecedented changes and adapt successfully to challenging roles, tasks, and situations ( Shin, Taylor, & Seo, 2012 ). Consequently, this necessitates a validated employee-centric measure of resilience for assisting the organizations in fostering and measuring employee resilience development, which would enable employees to meet the challenges and growing work demands ( Hodliffe, 2014 , The development and validation of the employee resilience scale (EmpRes): The conceptualisation of a new model (Doctoral dissertation), New Zealand: University of Canterbury; Masten, 2001 , American Psychologist, 56(3), 227; Winwood, Colon, & McEwen, 2013 , Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55(10), 1205–1212). To address this gap, the study assessed the psychometric properties of the ‘resilience at work’ (RAW) scale.

The study sample comprised employees working in IT organizations operating in the Indian National Capital Region (NCR). The study is based on cross-sectional questionnaire responses from 546 Indian employees working in the IT industry. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the factorial validity followed by an analysis of convergent and discriminant validity of the scale items. To evaluate the convergent validity, this study utilized three standard criteria which are standard factor loadings, composite reliability, and average variance extracted (AVE) ( Anderson & Gerbing, 1988 , Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423). In addition, the study tested the nomological validity of the RAW scale.

The study results reveal that the RAW scale exhibits high reliability and the results of CFA validated the seven-factor model of the RAW scale. The results of CFA and reliability of the scale demonstrate that the scale can be utilized to develop and measure resilience among Indian employees. Furthermore, the results of the nomological validity exhibit a significant relationship between resilience and work engagement. This study offers significant implications for both researchers and HRD practitioners. The study provides preliminary evidence for the psychometric properties of the scale in t he Indian organizational context and signifies its potential for the cross-cultural implementations. The RAW scale, thence, can be utilized by organizations as a validated tool for measuring and developing resilience among employees.
Identifying peace-oriented media strategies for deadly conflicts in Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Shabbir , Lynch Jake
Published: June 2018

This paper investigates the existing journalistic practices in three deadly conflicts in Pakistan and also proposes corrective peace-oriented media strategies. Based on semi-structured interviews with journalists, analysts and stakeholders involved in the religiously inspired Taliban conflict, separatist-led Balochistan conflict and the ethno-political conflict in Karachi, six strategies have been identified. These include highlighting the problems of sufferers and contextualization of the Taliban conflict; inclusion of multi-perspectives and highlighting the voices of peacemakers in the Balochistan conflict; humanization and solution-oriented coverage of the ethno-political conflict in Karachi. While the journalists agreed these strategies were very much in line with their professional duties, the analysts and stakeholders hoped the proposed journalistic practices would lead to better understanding and facilitate resolution of the three conflicts. Based on the findings of this article, the researchers advocate a pragmatic form of peace journalism that reflects the ground realities as compared to the more critical form of peace journalism that becomes difficult to be practiced in conflict scenarios.
Do low-dose corticosteroids improve survival or shock reversal from septic shock in adults? Meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Xu Rui , Wang Qian , Huang Yan , Wu Ling , Liu Qi , Hu Wei , Zhou Chengfu , Du Quan
Published: June 2018

Objective

This meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to determine whether low-dose corticosteroids (LDCs) can improve survival or shock reversal from septic shock in adults.

Methods

A literature search was performed using several databases (Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Chinese Biological Medical Database) until 23 October 2017. The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO.

Results

Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 1182) were included. LDC intervention improved 7-day shock reversal compared with the control group (relative risk, 1.36; TSA-adjusted 95% confidence interval, 1.20–1.54). LDCs had no statistically significant effects on gastrointestinal bleeding or superinfection. LDCs did not reduce 28-day mortality from septic shock (relative risk, 0.96; TSA-adjusted 95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.24). The TSA indicated that RCTs of about 3000 patients would be needed to draw definitive conclusions; similar results were obtained in a subgroup analysis of nonresponders.

Conclusions

LDCs improve 7-day shock reversal. However, whether LDCs improve 28-day survival from septic shock in adults remains unclear. The results of well-designed larger RCTs are needed.
Supplier Evaluation Model in Freight Activity Microsimulation Estimator
Authors: Mahmoudifard Seyed Mehdi , Shabanpour Ramin , Golshani Nima , Mohammadian Kiana , Mohammadian Abolfazl
Published: June 2018

The supplier selection process is one of the main components of the Freight Activity Microsimulation Estimator (FAME), which is a disaggregated and comprehensive framework that simulates the freight movements for all industries and all commodities in the U.S. However, the supplier selection and supplier evaluation models in the FAME face computational issues. Using the result of a nationwide establishment survey, this study analyzes the supplier selection problem by evaluating the potential suppliers. The buyer’s behavior on selecting the distance range in which the trade forms is analyzed using both machine-learning and statistical approaches. A decision-tree model and an ordered probit model are estimated and compared to better comprehend the supplier evaluation process. The results indicate that several factors such as the type of the business, commodity type, number of orders, and the value of orders are significant factors. In addition, the decision-tree model is reliable in forecasting the consumer’s behavior.
Evaluation of Hydroplaning Risk on Permeable Friction Course using Tire–Water–Pavement Interaction Model
Authors: Ding Yangmin , Wang Hao
Published: June 2018

Wet weather-related hazards such as hydroplaning can be reduced with the proper use of permeable friction course (PFC). At low rainfall intensities, PFC provides quick drainage of water and better skid resistance. However, at higher rainfall rates, the entire volume of runoff cannot be discharged within the porous layer, causing drainage to occur on pavement surface. Water flow on the road surface can result in hydroplaning of tires. The objective of the study is to evaluate hydroplaning risk of multi-lane roadways with PFC using a fluid–structure interaction model. A comprehensive three-dimensional grooved tire–water–pavement interaction model was developed to predict hydroplaning speeds on different pavement surfaces, rainfall intensities, and rutting depths for the passenger car tire with anti-lock braking system. The results demonstrate that PFC can effectively reduce hydroplaning risk for two-lane roadways under light rain rate to moderate rain rate as compared with impervious pavements. The hydroplaning risk becomes more apparent as the number of traffic lanes increases or with the presence of pavement rutting. However, hydroplaning risk on roadways with more than six traffic lanes under heavy rainfall intensity can still exist on PFC. The study results can be useful for both driver and transportation agencies to improve driving safety in wet weather.
Longitudinal Joint Performance of a Concrete Hollow Core Slab Bridge
Authors: Barbieri Diego Maria , Chen Yuechi , Mazzarolo Enrico , Briseghella Bruno , Tarantino Angelo Marcello
Published: June 2018

Hollow core slab bridges are constructed by placing prefabricated or prestressed box beams adjacent to each other, grouting the small longitudinal space (hinge-joint) between the slabs and casting a reinforced concrete deck. The longitudinal cracking appearing at hinge-joint locations leads to a premature deterioration of the deck. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of a hollow core slab bridge composed of three beams and a cast-in-place deck. A real-size specimen was built according to Chinese code specifications. The behavior of the longitudinal joints was investigated by applying the standard vehicle load. The tests do not highlight any longitudinal cracks. A finite element model was created from the experimental data. A finite element parametric analysis revealed some practical design indications regarding the following inputs: deck thickness, concrete strength, and hinge-joint steel bars. Furthermore, these analyses testify that C-shape and X-shape stirrups do not play an active role in preventing the joint longitudinal cracks. This research confirms the reliability of the design method, at least for static loads, while further studies are needed to investigate the effect of both periodical loadings and different temperatures on upper and lower surfaces of the beams.
Pavement Risk Assessment for Future Extreme Precipitation Events under Climate Change
Authors: Lu Donghui , Tighe Susan L. , Xie Wei-Chau
Published: June 2018

Pavement infrastructure is experiencing unanticipated climate conditions caused by global warming. Extreme weather events, such as extreme precipitations, are increasing in intensity and frequency, creating rising concern in pavement vulnerability and resilience analysis. Previous design approaches based on historical climate data may no longer be adequate for addressing future conditions. To promote pavement resilience under climate change, assessing pavement risk for extreme events is essential for prioritizing vulnerable infrastructure and developing adaptation strategies. The objective of this study is to develop a quantitative evaluation methodology for assessing pavement risk from extreme precipitations under climate change. Hazard analysis, fragility modeling, and cost estimation are the three major components for risk evaluation. An ensemble of 24 global climate models is used for predicting future extreme precipitations under various climate-forcing scenarios. The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide is employed to simulate performance change for performing fragility modeling. Risk assessment models considering a full range of hazards were used to quantify risk of asset value loss over specified analysis periods. Results indicate that future extreme precipitation events are expected to cause an increased medium risk of asset value loss. However, high uncertainties are involved in the estimation owing to variations in predicted climates. Major pavement damages do not necessarily equate with highest risk because the probability of occurrence of major damage is relatively lower. The proposed approach provides a practical tool for analyzing the interaction among extreme precipitation levels, pavement designs, damage states, occurrence probability, and asset value at risk.
3D printed honeycomb spacers: Tailoring sandwich structures for enhanced electromagnetic shielding
Authors: Hong Yi-Sheng , Lu Xiao-Feng , Zhu Xiao-Lei , Zhang Kai-Lun , Chen Mingji
Published: June 2018

For the purpose of preventing electromagnetic emission, effective electromagnetic interference shielding materials are actively pursued. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology was employed to manipulate the honeycomb spacers, which were further assembled into multilayered graphene (GN) film-based sandwich structures. Aiming to tuning the dimensions and shapes of the conductive components in the spacers, various sizes of 3D printed honeycomb frameworks along with different conductive composites were fabricated for understanding the effects of sandwich structures and components on the electromagnetic interference shielding. By tailoring the multiple reflection of conductive interface and absorption of spacer, the as-fabricated electromagnetic interference shielding sandwich structures with a thickness of 2 mm shows considerably high shielding effectiveness (49–54.5 dB) in the X-band. With incorporating the carbon nanotube/plasticine composite into the 3D printed honeycomb structures, the tunable permittivity of the composites and designable structure of 3D printed spacer allow for substantially tuning the electromagnetic interference shielding performance in the sandwich structures. The results exhibit that both spacer thickness and the ratios of carbon nanotube-based plasticine composite to 3D printed honeycomb structures play the critical role in dominating the absorption and reflection effectiveness, suggesting novel strategy for fabricating advanced high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding structures.
Research Trends and Features of Critical Thinking Studies in E-Learning Environments: A Review
Authors: Chou Te-Lien , Wu Jia-Jia , Tsai Chin-Chung
Published: June 2018

This study investigates critical thinking (CT) studies in e-learning settings to provide a comprehensive analysis of CT studies. Research indexed in the Web of Science database which includes major peer-reviewed social sciences citation index journals in the e-learning field from January 2006 to November 2017 was searched for a systematic review and analysis. A total of 42 studies were selected and synthesized. The distribution of publishing years, geographical areas, education sectors, publications, disciplines, research methods, activities, CT measurement instruments, teaching instruction, the CT roles applied in the studies, and the experiment durations were reviewed. The results showed that most CT studies were conducted in nontraditional teaching environments using strategies such as online discussion or concept mapping; the most used quantitative method was the California critical thinking skills test (CCTST), whereas the most frequently adopted qualitative method was the practical inquiry model of cognitive presence (PIMCP). The common method to enhance students’ CT was online synchronous or asynchronous discussion, and the role that CT played in these studies was as a dependent variable for evaluating whether the designed e-learning instruction(s) can cultivate CT. This study concludes that with active learning instruction and experienced tutor facilitation, students’ CT could be enhanced in a variety of e-learning environments.
Bullying Behaviors and Psychosocial Adjustment Among School-Aged Children in China
Authors: Zhang Huiping , Zhou Huazhen , Tao Tao
Published: June 2018

Bullying behaviors have been studied extensively in Western countries; however, no national data exist regarding this issue in contemporary China. Using a sample of 14,536 children in Grades 6, 8, and 10 from public schools in 11 provinces or autonomous regions in rural and urban China, our study assesses the prevalence of bullying behaviors among school-aged children in China and examines the correlation between bullying and psychosocial adjustment. Results indicate that 6.3% of children reported having been bullied in the last 3 months, 2.5% of children admitted to bullying other students, and 2.2% said they were bullied and bullied others in that same time frame. More boys than girls reported bullying others and being victims of bullying. The frequency of bullying is higher in Grades 6 and 8 than in Grade 10. Rural children are more often involved in bullying than their urban counterparts. Perpetrating and being a victim of bullying are associated with poorer psychosocial adjustment, although different patterns are observed among bullies, those bullied, and those who bully others and have been bullied. Health care professionals should be sensitive to bullying behaviors when identifying students with psychosocial maladjustment. Moreover, programs designed to prevent and intervene in school bullying would benefit from a holistic approach.
Action and Reaction: The Impact of Consequences of Intervening in Situations of Interpersonal Violence
Authors: Moschella Elizabeth A. , Banyard Victoria L.
Published: June 2018

Previous research has examined barriers to helping in situations involving interpersonal violence, though little has investigated the outcomes of interventions that actually do take place. The purpose of the present study was to explore how consequences that bystanders experienced in helping situations varied by characteristics of the incident, including the type of interpersonal violence (i.e., harassing comment, dating violence, unwanted sexual advances, and controlling behavior) and the bystander’s relationship to the victim and perpetrator. We also examined whether these outcomes impacted the likelihood that bystanders would help again. Participants ( n = 1,391) were recruited from a university psychology subject pool and Amazon Mechanical Turk during fall 2016. They completed online or in-person surveys consisting of quantitative measures. Descriptive statistics showed that bystanders experienced both positive (e.g., positive reactions from the victim) and negative consequences (e.g., negative reactions from others) after helping. Analyses of variance revealed that helping in instances of dating violence was associated with more negative consequences, while helping in situations of unwanted sexual advances was associated with more positive consequences. Regression analyses showed that bystanders were more likely to help again when they experienced more positive and less negative feelings about their actions. Analyses of variance demonstrated that when the victim was a close friend, bystanders reported more positive consequences and desire to help again. However, bystanders reported more negative reactions from the perpetrator when the perpetrator was a stranger. Implications for adapting intervention programming to promote the likelihood that bystanders will help in future situations are discussed.
Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment Among Elderly Patients Upon Hospital Admission Using Mini-Cog™ Assessments Performed by Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience Students
Authors: Bui Nghi (Andy) , Adeola Mobolaji , Azad Rejena , Swan Joshua T. , Agarwal Kathryn S. , Sharma Manvi , Liebl Michael G. , Taffet George E.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Older adults with cognitive impairment may have difficulty understanding and complying with medical or medication instructions provided during hospitalization which may adversely impact patient outcomes.

Objective:

To evaluate the prevalence of cognitive impairment among patients aged 65 years and older within 24 hours of hospital admission using Mini-Cog™ assessments performed by advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) students.

Methods:

Students on APPE rotations were trained to perform Mini-Cog™ assessments during routine medication education sessions from February 2017 to April 2017. The primary end point was the prevalence of cognitive impairment indicated by a Mini-Cog™ score of ≤3. Secondary end points were the average number of observed Mini-Cog™ practice assessments required for APPE students to meet competency requirements, caregiver identification, and 30-day hospital readmissions.

Results:

Twelve APPE students completed the training program after an average of 4.4 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.0) graded Mini-Cog™ assessments. Of the 1159 admissions screened, 273 were included in the analysis. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 55% (n = 149, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 48%-61%). A caregiver was identified for 41% (n = 113, 95% CI: 35%-47%) of patients, and 79 patients had a caregiver present at bedside during the visit. Hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge was 15% (n = 41, 95% CI: 11%-20%).

Conclusion:

Cognitive impairment could substantially impair a patient’s ability to comprehend education provided during hospitalization. Pharmacy students can feasibly perform Mini-Cog™ assessments to evaluate cognitive function, thereby allowing them to tailor education content and involve caregivers when necessary.
Comparative Efficacy of Autologous Stromal Vascular Fraction and Autologous Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined With Hyaluronic Acid for the Treatment of Sheep Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lv Xiaoteng , He Jiyin , Zhang Xue , Luo Xuan , He Na , Sun Zhongwei , Xia Huitang , Liu Victor , Zhang Li , Lin Xiangming , Lin Liping , Yin Huabin , Jiang Dong , Cao Wei , Wang Richard , Zhou Guangdong , Wang Wen
Published: June 2018

The current study explored whether intra-articular (IA) injection of autologous adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) combined with hyaluronic acid (HA) achieved better therapeutic efficacy than autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF) combined with HA to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) progression and determined how long autologous ASCs combined with HA must remain in the joint to observe efficacy. OA models were established by performing anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and medial meniscectomy (MM). Autologous SVF (1×107 mononuclear cells), autologous low-dose ASCs (1×107), and autologous high-dose ASCs (5×107) combined with HA, and HA alone, or saline alone were injected into the OA model animals at 12 and 15 weeks after surgery, respectively. Compared with SVF+HA treatment, low-dose ASC+HA treatment yielded better magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores and macroscopic results, while the cartilage thickness of the tibial plateau did not differ between low, high ASC+HA and SVF+HA treatments detected by micro-computed tomography (µCT). Immunohistochemistry revealed that high-dose ASC+HA treatment rescued hypertrophic chondrocytes expressing collagen X in the deep area of articular cartilage. Western blotting analysis indicated the high- and low-dose ASC+HA groups expressed more collagen X than did the SVF+HA group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed treatment with both ASC+HA and SVF+HA resulted in differing anti-inflammatory and trophic effects. Moreover, superparamagnetic iron oxide particle (SPIO)-labeled autologous ASC signals were detected by MRI at 2 and 18 weeks post-injection and were found in the lateral meniscus at 2 weeks and in the marrow cavity of the femoral condyle at 18 weeks post-injection. Thus, IA injection of autologous ASC+HA may demonstrate better efficacy than autologous SVF+HA in blocking OA progression and promoting cartilage regeneration, and autologous ASCs (5×107 cells) combined with HA potentially survive for at least 18 weeks after IA injection.
Interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 expression in tumor cells is associated with reduced disease-free survival in patients with luminal subtype invasive breast cancer
Authors: Kwon Hee Jung , Choi Jung Eun , Bae Young Kyung
Published: June 2018

Interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 is one of the subunits of transmembrane receptor for interleukin-13. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 expression in invasive breast cancer. Interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 expressions were assessed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays of 1283 invasive breast cancer samples, and associations between these expressions and clinicopathological variables and clinical outcomes were investigated. Interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 expression was observed in 138 (10.8%) samples, and found to be associated with positive estrogen receptor (p < 0.001) and progesterone receptor (p < 0.001) and with the luminal subtype (p < 0.001). No significant association was found between interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 expression and other clinicopathological variables including age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, histologic types, histologic grade, HER2 status, Ki-67 labeling index, or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes levels. Patients with interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 expression tended to have poorer disease-free survival, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.069). Subgroup analysis showed luminal breast cancer patients positive for interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 expression had significantly poorer disease-free survival (p = 0.018) than luminal breast cancer patients negative for interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 expression. However, no association between interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 expression and clinical outcome was observed in HER2-positive and triple-negative subgroups (p = 0.574 and p = 0.936, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for luminal breast cancer (p = 0.03). This study shows interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 expression could be a useful prognostic marker for selecting patients with luminal breast cancer likely to follow a clinically aggressive course despite receiving systemic therapy.
Hidden in Plain Sight: Exploring Men’s Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Authors: Cant Sarah , Watts Peter
Published: June 2018

Despite the increased attention given to the relationship between masculinity and health, the analysis of men’s use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is relatively underdeveloped compared with studies of female use. Through the thematic synthesis of existing research studies, this article collates and analyzes patterns of, and motivations for, male usage of CAM. We reveal that there are significant levels of male use of CAM, which cannot be explained by recourse to general or gendered patterns of health-seeking behavior or health status. Men who use CAM tend to exhibit similar demographic characteristics to female users, but also show patterns of engagement that both reinforce and challenge hegemonic masculinity. The article suggests that there remains a need to investigate the nuances and complexities of the motivations behind male usage patterns, and interrogate how these intersect with the performance of masculine selves.
“Getting Under the Hood” of Neuronal Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Williams Paul DE , Zahratka Jeffrey A , Bamber Bruce A
Published: June 2018

Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful model to study the neural and biochemical basis of behavior. It combines a small, completely mapped nervous system, powerful genetic tools, and a transparent cuticle, allowing Ca++ imaging without the need for dissection. However, these approaches remain one step removed from direct pharmacological and physiological characterization of individual neurons. Much can still be learned by “getting under the hood” or breaching the cuticle and directly studying the neurons. For example, we recently combined electrophysiology, Ca++ imaging, and pharmacological analysis on partially dissected ASH nociceptors showing that serotonin (5-HT) potentiates depolarization by inhibiting Ca++ influx. This study challenges the tacit assumption that Ca++ transient amplitudes and depolarization strength are positively correlated and has validated a new paradigm for interpreting Ca++ signals. Bypassing the cuticle was critical for the success of these experiments, not only for performing electrical recordings but also for the acute and reversible application of drugs. By contrast, drug soaking or mutating genes can produce long-term effects and compensatory changes, potentially confounding interpretations significantly. Therefore, direct studies of the physiological response of individual neurons should remain a critical objective, to provide key molecular insights complementing global Ca++ imaging neural network studies.
Is There Evidence that the Percutaneous Compression Plate Method of Internal Fixation for Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures Leads to Better Intraoperative and Postoperative Outcomes than the Dynamic Hip Screw?
Authors: Halle-Smith James M , Carnegy Alasdair JA , Carr Richard , Ahmed Arhfat , Wooley Robert , Wall Peter
Published: June 2018

Background:

Hip fractures are common, expensive and lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. An ageing population in the United Kingdom means that rates of this injury are increasing, making them a pressing public health issue. The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends that extramedullary implants are used over intramedullary nails to fix intertrochanteric fractures, which make up half of all hip fractures. However, there is currently no guidance on the preferred type of extramedullary device whether this be the commonly used dynamic hip screw (DHS) or another newer device. It has been suggested that a percutaneous compression plate (PCCP) can reduce complications and improve functional outcome compared with the traditional DHS.

Review Question:

In patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures, is the PCCP more effective than the DHS in terms of relevant intraoperative and postoperative outcomes such as blood loss, implant failure, and mortality?

Literature Search:

We first searched for relevant information in the NICE Clinical Guideline on Hip Fracture Management (CG124), then National Health Service (NHS) evidence for Clinical Knowledge Summaries, then the Cochrane library for systematic reviews. Finally, we conducted an electronic search of the PubMed database.

Review Findings:

We selected five systematic reviews and eight primary studies for review. The main findings were that the PCCP was associated with significantly less blood loss, fewer blood transfusions, and shorter operating times compared with the DHS. However, no significant differences were found in postoperative pain, orthopaedic performance, and mortality rates between the two methods. There was no comparison of cost-effectiveness between the two methods.

Conclusions:

The PCCP is superior to the DHS in terms of intraoperative blood loss and, potentially, non-orthopaedic postoperative complications such as deep vein thrombosis and nosocomial infection. However, there was no significant difference in mortality rates between the two methods. Current studies on this topic have several methodological issues and some are of relatively poor quality. Further higher quality research and cost-effectiveness are necessary to further evaluate the efficacy of these methods.