bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The most important environmental impacts of the Coniferous timber and lumber import caused by transport
Authors: BÖRCSÖK Zoltán , PÁSZTORY Zoltán , SCHÖBERL Miklós
Published: May 2016

A cikk egy olyan kutatásról számol be, mely a fenyő faanyag behozatal szállításból adódó környezeti terheit az alábbi két területen mérte fel:

üvegházhatású gázok kibocsátása

nem megújuló primer energiaigény.

Mindezt azzal a céllal tette, hogy megállapítsa: ezek a számszerűsített környezetterhek hogyan módosítják az import fenyő faanyag környezeti megítélését.

A munka során az import mennyiségi adatokat statisztikából vettük, míg a szállítási távolságokat becsléssel határoztuk meg. A vizsgált két terület környezeti terheinek teljes életútelemzés (LCA; Life Cycle Assessment) alapján meghatározott fajlagos mutatói (kgCO2eq/tkm; és MJ/tkm) szakirodalmi forrásból származnak.

Mivel a fenyő faanyag egyik fő felhasználója az építészet, ezért a kutatást és az eredmények kiértékelését a faépítészetre figyelemmel végeztük el. Az üvegházhatású gázok kibocsátásával kapcsolatban megállapítottuk, hogy az import fenyő faanyag szállítási igénye nem módosítja jelentősen felhasználásának ilyen alapú környezeti megítélését, azaz a faanyag továbbra is megőrzi, különösen hosszú élettartamú nagy tömegű termékekben (pl. faépítészet) széntároló képességét. Ugyanakkor a klímavédelem érdekében változatlanul keresni kell – az import fenyő szállítása területén is – az üvegházhatású gázok kibocsátásának csökkentési lehetőségét.

A nem megújuló primer energiaigény vizsgálati eredményeit egy épület energiahatékonyságának vizsgálatára felhasználva teljesen újszerű megközelítésben jártunk el akkor, amikor az épület teljes életútjának összes nem megújuló primer energiaigényét két csoportra bontva az ún. „szürke energia” alakulását vettük figyelembe. Ennek során megállapítottuk, hogy az import fenyő szállításának nem megújuló primer energiaigénye már oly módon járulhat hozzá egy épület energiahatékonyságához, hogy az már nem hagyható figyelmen kívül, és intézkedéseket igényel.
Endocrine neoplasms in familial syndromes of hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Li Yulong , Simonds William F
Published: May 2016

Familial syndromes of hyperparathyroidism, including multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), and the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT), comprise 2–5% of primary hyperparathyroidism cases. Familial syndromes of hyperparathyroidism are also associated with a range of endocrine and nonendocrine tumors, including potential malignancies. Complications of the associated neoplasms are the major causes of morbidities and mortalities in these familial syndromes, e.g., parathyroid carcinoma in HPT-JT syndrome; thymic, bronchial, and enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in MEN1; and medullary thyroid cancer and pheochromocytoma in MEN2A. Because of the different underlying mechanisms of neoplasia, these familial tumors may have different characteristics compared with their sporadic counterparts. Large-scale clinical trials are frequently lacking due to the rarity of these diseases. With technological advances and the development of new medications, the natural history, diagnosis, and management of these syndromes are also evolving. In this article, we summarize the recent knowledge on endocrine neoplasms in three familial hyperparathyroidism syndromes, with an emphasis on disease characteristics, molecular pathogenesis, recent developments in biochemical and radiological evaluation, and expert opinions on surgical and medical therapies. Because these familial hyperparathyroidism syndromes are associated with a wide variety of tumors in different organs, this review is focused on those endocrine neoplasms with malignant potential.
LOS NIVELES DE VULNERABILIDAD SOCIAL DE LA CIUDAD DE CHILPANCINGO, GUERRERO, MÉXICO
Authors: García Castro Neftalí , Villerías Salinas Salvador
Published: May 2016

Esta investigación revela los niveles de vulnerabilidad social hallados en la ciudad de Chilpancingo, Guerrero. Se abordan los aspectos siguientes: primero, el sustento cognoscitivo en torno a la vulnerabilidad social; en particular, aquellos aportes hechos en América Latina que definen el enfoque conceptual utilizado en el presente estudio. Después, se detalla la secuencia empleada para determinar las diferencias socioterritoriales que presenta este asentamiento guerrerense; con base en el método de tipificación probabilística, el cual dio pauta para evaluar el acceso heterogéneo a un conjunto de activos y estructura de oportunidades que inciden en los niveles de vulnerabilidad social de la población examinada. Finalmente, se explica cuál es el comportamiento de los indicadores socioeconómicos que distingue a cada nivel de vulnerabilidad social identificado en esta localidad mexicana.ABSTRACT This paper reveals the social vulnerability levels of the city of Chilpancingo, Guerrero. First, we present the cognitive support around social vulnerability; in particular, those conceptual approach used in this research. Then, we describe the sequence used to determine the socio-territorial differences of this Mexican city -based on the probabilistic classification method, which established the guidelines to assess the heterogeneous access to a set of assets and opportunity structure to determine the levels of social vulnerability of the population analyzed. Finally, we explain the behavior of socio-economic indicators that characterizes each level of social vulnerability identified in Chilpancingo.
Neonatal Phototherapy and Infantile Cancer
Authors: Wickremasinghe Andrea C. , Kuzniewicz Michael W. , Grimes Barbara A. , McCulloch Charles E. , Newman Thomas B.
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE:

To determine whether neonatal phototherapy is associated with cancer in the first year after birth.

METHODS:

We analyzed a data set from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development that was created by linking birth certificates, death certificates, and hospital discharge abstracts up to age 1 year. Subjects were 5 144 849 infants born in California hospitals at ≥35 weeks’ gestation from 1998 to 2007. We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes to identify phototherapy at <15 days and discharge diagnoses of cancer at 61 to 365 days. We adjusted for potential confounding variables by using traditional and propensity-adjusted logistic regression models.

RESULTS:

Cancer was diagnosed in 58/178 017 infants with diagnosis codes for phototherapy and 1042/4 966 832 infants without such codes (32.6/100 000 vs 21.0/100 000; relative risk 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–2.0, P = .002). In propensity-adjusted analyses, associations were seen between phototherapy and overall cancer (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.9), myeloid leukemia (aOR 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3–5.0), and kidney cancer (aOR 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2–5.1). The marginal propensity-adjusted absolute risk increase for cancer after phototherapy in the total population was 9.4/100 000 (number needed to harm of 10 638). Because of the higher baseline risk of cancer in infants with Down syndrome, the number needed to harm was 1285.

CONCLUSIONS:

Phototherapy may slightly increase the risk of cancer in infancy, although the absolute risk increase is small. This risk should be considered when making phototherapy treatment decisions, especially for infants with bilirubin levels below current treatment guidelines.
Trazendo de volta a mensuração: fundamentos metodológicos do índice de democracia eleitoral
Authors: Munck Gerardo L. , Verkuilen Jay
Published: May 2016

Resumo A medição dos principais conceitos utilizados no estudo da política tem um grande impacto no nosso conhecimento sobre ela. Afeta a nossa forma de descrever o mundo (e, portanto, as questões que parecem importantes para o estudo) e as proposições causais que consideramos válidas. Ainda mais importante, afeta o tipo de conselho que cientistas políticos podem oferecer sobre os principais temas de política pública e as questões políticas do dia. No entanto, é notável a pouca atenção é dada para a geração de dados e a metodologia de medição. Na verdade, é justo dizer que a visão dominante na ciência política é que a medição é uma tarefa necessária que deve ser rapidamente transcendida ou, se possível completamente ignorada, de modo que as energias dos pesquisadores se concentrem em uma tarefa vista como muito mais importante: o teste de hipóteses causais. A falha em reconhecer a importância da geração de dados e a metodologia da medição, e a propensão a tomar atalhos, tem custos graves. Em poucas palavras, ela leva a ganhos ilusórios em conhecimento, que mais cedo ou mais tarde são questionados. Assim, é hora de que os cientistas políticos desconfiem da tendência de reivindicações prematuras de conhecimento, tão difundida na disciplina, e coloquem mais ênfase na medição de conceitos-chave como uma base de conhecimento, isto é, como uma tarefa que afeta o possibilidade de fornecer análise descritiva e/ou causal sólida e, em última análise, de oferecer conselhos responsáveis.
Bonding Effectiveness of Universal Adhesive to Intracoronal Bleached Dentin Treated with Sodium Ascorbate
Authors: Trindade Thaís Fantinato , Moura Luana Kelle Batista , Raucci Neto Walter , Messias Danielle Cristine Furtado , Colucci Vivian
Published: May 2016

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of restorative protocol with sodium ascorbate on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a universal adhesive to intracoronal bleached dentin. One hundred-and-twenty bovine dentin fragments were randomly divided into 12 groups (n=10), according to the bleaching procedure (unbleached and bleached) and restorative protocol (no treatment, 10% sodium ascorbate -10SA, 35% sodium ascorbate -35SA and two-step etch-and-rinse -ER or one-step self-etch -SE Scotchbond universal adhesive approaches). Four whitening sessions were performed using 35% hydrogen peroxide. The samples from control groups were kept in relative humidity at 37 °C. Immediately after bleaching procedures, the assigned antioxidant solution was applied on dentin and restorative procedures were performed following either the ER or the SE approach. After 24 h, the specimens were subjected to SBS test. Data (MPa) were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (?=0.05). Lower SBS values were found for bleached specimens (8.54 MPa) compared with those unbleached (12.13 MPa) (p<0.05). The bond strength of the sodium ascorbate-treated groups was higher than those untreated, regardless of the strategy employed (p<0.05). Groups restored without sodium ascorbate showed lower bond strength values for both ER (8.32 MPa) and SE (8.28 MPa) adhesive strategies. The group treated with 10SA submitted to ER approach (10.14 MPa) was similar to untreated groups (p>0.05). It may be concluded that bond strength of composite resin to intracoronal dentin was affected by restorative protocol and reduced by bleaching.
Environmental indicators in effluent assessment of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in raceway system through phosphorus and nitrogen
Authors: Moraes M. A. B. , Carmo C. F. , Tabata Y. A. , Vaz-dos-Santos A. M. , Mercante C. T. J.
Published: May 2016

Abstract The phosphorus and nitrogen discharge via effluent of intensive trout farming system was quantified through the use of environmental indicators. The nutrient loads, the mass balance, the estimated amount of nutrients in feed and the amount of nutrients converted in fish biomass were calculated based on the concentrations of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in the feed and in the water. Of the offered feed, 24.75 kg were available as P and 99.00 kg as N, of these, 9.32 kg P (38%) and 29.12 kg N (25%) were converted into fish biomass and 15.43 kg P (62%) and 69.88 kg N (75%) were exported via effluent. The loads and the mass balance show the excessive discharge of nutrients via effluent, corroborated by the feed conversion ratio (2.12:1) due to the low efficiency of feed utilization, therefore, it is proposed the use of this zootechnical parameter as environmental indicator. In addition, feed management practices are not adequate, highlighting the low frequency of feeding during the day, excessive amount and low quality of feed offered. These results demonstrate the need for adequate feed management and the need for careful monitoring of effluent.
Efeito fitotóxico do óleo volátil de Cleome guianensis Aubl. sobre o crescimento inicial de Senna occidentalis L.
Authors: VENTURA A.C.S.S. , da SILVA C.B. , SIMIONATTO E. , BURCI L.M. , de OLIVEIRA M. , DALARMI L. , MIGUEL O.G. , MIGUEL M.D.
Published: May 2016

RESUMO Aleloquímicos são substâncias liberadas por certas espécies vegetais no ambiente que influenciam a germinação e o desenvolvimento de outras plantas. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o potencial fitotóxico de Cleome guianensis Aubl., bem como determinar o grau de estresse oxidativo causado em Senna occidentalis L. Para isso, o óleo das folhas de C. guianensis, nas concentrações 0,5 µg/mL, 1,0 µg/mL, 2,5 µg/mL e 5,0 µg/mL, em solução de 5 ml foi testado em bioensaios de germinação e de crescimento da raiz primária e do hipocótilo de S. occidentalis. Os indivíduos de S. occidentalis foram macerados, homogeneizados e submetidos a ensaios de quantificação da catalase, peroxidase, SOD e de peroxidação lipídica. Os resultados indicam que todas as concentrações do óleo volátil causaram um efeito negativo sobre a germinação e crescimento de S. occidentalis. Na concentração 5,0 µg/mL, houve 56% de inibição da germinação e 83% de inibição de crescimento do hipocótilo. Ainda, o óleo aumentou a atividade das enzimas induzidas pelo estresse oxidativo catalase, peroxidase e superóxido dismutase (SOD). Quanto à peroxidação lipídica, o óleo nas concentrações 1,0 µg/mL, 2,5 µg/mL e 5,0 µg/mL aumentou a produção de malondialdeído. Sendo assim, conclui-se que C. guianensis apresenta aleloquímicos que influenciam na germinação e no crescimento de S. occidentalis, além de aumentar a atividade das enzimas catalase, peroxidase, SOD e a produção de malondialdeído em S. occidentalis. Dessa forma, sugere-se a realização de estudos sobre o perfil químico do óleo a fim de descobrir as substâncias responsáveis por tais resultados e consolidar o potencial fitotóxico de C. guianensis.
Rutin restores adenosine deaminase activity in serum and the liver and improves biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: CHIELLE E.O. , BONFANTI G. , DE BONA K.S. , CARGNELUTTI L.O. , BITENCOURT P.E.R. , DA SILVA P.S. , CAMPOS M.M.A. , MORETTO M.B.
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT denosine deaminase (ADA) is a critical control point in the regulation of adenosine levels. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a polyphenolic flavonoid, rutin, on the activity of ADA in serum, the cerebral cortex, liver, kidney, and biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n=6) for the following treatments: control; diabetic (streptozotocin 55 mg/kg); diabetic with rutin (100 mg/kg/day); diabetic with glibenclamide (10 mg/kg/day). After 30 days, ADA activity and biochemical parameters were analyzed. The ADA activity in the serum was significantly elevated in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p<0.01). The treatment with rutin prevented the increase in ADA activity in the STZ-induced rats when compared to control group. Our data showed that rutin reduced glucose, LDL levels, and hepatic enzymes in comparison with the control group. These results demonstrate that the increase of ADA activity observed in diabetic rats may be an important indicator of the immunopathogenesis of hyperglycemic disorders and suggest that rutin is important for regulating the enzymatic activities associated with immune, hyperglycemic, and inflammatory response in diabetes mellitus.
Antioxidant activity of rice plants sprayed with herbicides
Authors: Nohatto Marcos André , Agostinetto Dirceu , Langaro Ana Claudia , Oliveira Claudia de , Ruchel Queli
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT Understanding the physiological defense behavior of plants subjected to herbicide application may help to identify products with higher or lower capacity to cause oxidative stress in crops. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of herbicides in the antioxidant activity of rice plants. The experimental design was completely randomized, with six replications. Treatments consisted of the herbicides bentazon (photosystem II inhibitor; 960 g ha-1), penoxsulam (acetolactate synthase inhibitor; 60 g ha-1), cyhalofop-butyl (acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase inhibitor; 315 g ha-1) and a control. After the herbicides application, samples of rice shoots were collected at 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours after application (HAA). The components evaluated were hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Bentazon (up to 24 HAA) and penoxsulam (48 and 96 HAA) reduced the CAT activity. Moreover, these herbicides increased the levels of H2O2, lipid peroxidation and SOD activity, indicating a condition of oxidative stress in rice plants. The cyhalofop-butyl herbicide did not alter the antioxidant activity, showing that it causes less stress to the crop.
Neonicotinoid insecticide systemicity in soybean plants and its effect on brown stink bugs
Authors: Basso Claudir José , Kuss Cassiano Carlos , Pias Osmar Henrique de Castro , Muraro Dionei Schmidt , Cutti Luan
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT During the application of pesticides on soybean fields, a vertical deposition gradient of the product can occur throughout the canopy, resulting in difficulties for controlling stink bugs that are in the middle and lower thirds of plants. This study aimed at evaluating the systemicity of thiamethoxam insecticide in different soybean phenological stages, using brown stink bugs as bioindicators of the pesticide efficacy. The study combined product application sites (lower, middle and upper third) and stink bugs infestation areas at five soybean phenological stages (R2, R3, R4, R5.2 and R6). For the R2 and R5.2 stages, plants presented acropetal translocation of the product, being the effect more evident in the R2 stage. For the R3, R4 and R6 stages, the product translocation was not sufficient for controlling the stink bugs. In all stages, for treatments with direct exposure (same infestation and spraying place), stink bugs were satisfactorily controlled.
Varones y masculinidades en clave feminista: trascendiendo invisibilidades, ausencias y omisiones
Authors: Moreno Sara Yaneth Fernández
Published: May 2016

Resumen: Este texto realiza un recuento del recorrido académico llevado a cabo por una activista, investigadora y docente de los temas relacionados con género y salud durante dos décadas de trabajo. Se recupera el sentido de las preguntas emergentes sobre los hombres y las masculinidades desde la perspectiva de género que asume una postura relacional, histórica, inclusiva, dialéctica para entender las relaciones de poder y subordinación que subyacen en los encuentros y desencuentros de hombres y mujeres. Los recorridos colombianos en el tema son contextualizados en paralelo con los Coloquios Internacionales de Estudios de Varones y Masculinidades y referencias puntuales a la mirada "género sensible" y "socio sanitaria" compartida con la Red Latinoamericana de Género y Salud Colectiva de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Medicina Social, con el ánimo de contribuir a la memoria de la trayectoria compartida por un colectivo de personas que confluyen y se reconocen como Red Internacional de Estudios de Varones y Masculinidades generada en ese mismo caminar, que sigue activo hasta la fecha.
"Sé que debo parar, pero no sé cómo": Abordajes teóricos en torno a los hombres, la salud y el cambio
Authors: Keijzer Benno de
Published: May 2016

Resumen: Este artículo propone revisar el proceso salud/enfermedad/atención de los hombres, desde los aportes de distintas miradas teóricas que buscan comprender la dialéctica del cambio y la resistencia/permanencia. El objetivo es dar un paso atrás en relación a la abundante información que la epidemiología arroja, que evidencia el cúmulo de problemas de salud que los hombres padecen y generan, para reflexionar, desde otras miradas teóricas, las formas en que los hombres cuidan o no su salud y sus posibles explicaciones para ello. Se procura aportar elementos tanto para la investigación como para pensar programas y políticas públicas al respecto del tema.
Colectivos de hombres y feminismos. Aportes, tensiones y desafíos desde (y para) la praxis
Authors: Fabbri Luciano
Published: May 2016

Resumen: Este artículo se propone sistematizar algunas reflexiones emergentes de la participación del autor en dos itinerarios militantes yuxtapuestos: la participación en los colectivos de varones antipatriarcales (2009/2014) y el activismo feminista hacia el interior de organizaciones de la izquierda popular argentina. El texto se nutre de ambas experiencias para problematizar los vínculos entre colectivos de varones -y activismo antipatriarcal/feminista de los varones, más allá de su organización o no en colectivos específicos- y feminismos, pensando esta compleja relación en términos de aportes, tensiones y desafíos. Estas reflexiones activistas responden a una concepción metodológico-dialéctica que puede sintetizarse en la triada práctica-teoría-práctica. De esta manera, los vínculos establecidos entre colectivos de varones y feminismos emergen desde la praxis, para ser problematizados, teorizados y conceptualizados con el objetivo de volver a la práctica misma, para transformarla.
Access to childbirth care by adolescents and young people in the Northeastern region of Brazil
Authors: Furtado Érida Zoé Lustosa , Gomes Keila Rejane Oliveira , Gama Silvana Granado Nogueira da
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify the factors that interfere with the access of adolescents and young people to childbirth care for in the Northeast region of Brazil. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 3,014 adolescents and young people admitted to the selected maternity wards to give birth in the Northeast region of Brazil. The sample design was probabilistic, in two stages: the first corresponded to the health establishments and the second to women who had recently given birth and their babies. The data was collected by means of interviews and consulting the hospital records, from pre-tested electronic form. Descriptive statistics were used for the univariate analysis, Pearson’s Chi-square test for the bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regressions for the multivariate analysis. Sociodemographic variables, obstetrical history, and birth care were analyzed. RESULTS Half of the adolescents and young people interviewed had not been given guidance on the location that they should go to when in labor, and among those who had, 23.5% did not give birth in the indicated health service. Furthermore, one third (33.3%) had to travel in search of assisted birth, and the majority (66.7%) of the postpartum women came to maternity by their own means. In the bivariate analysis, the variables marital status, paid work, health insurance, number of previous pregnancies, parity, city location, and type of health establishment showed a significant association (p < 0.20) with inadequate access to childbirth care. The multivariate analysis showed that married adolescents and young people (p < 0.015), with no health insurance (p < 0.002) and from the countryside (p < 0.001) were more likely to have inadequate access to childbirth care. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents and young women, married, without health insurance, and from the countryside are more likely to have inadequate access to birth care. The articulation between outpatient care and birth care can improve this access and, consequently, minimize the maternal and fetal risks that arise from a lack of systematic hospitalization planning.
MARKET CHAOS SUPPRESSION AND BUSINESS STABILIZATION
Authors: Zvyagintsev A. I.
Published: May 2016

An aim of this work is to demonstrate the potential utilization of mathematical methods for the diagnosis of the crisis situations in the business and develop methods to eliminate them. Feichtinger model for two competing firms engaged in active investment strategy in the commodity market is considered in this article. An effective method that allows one to quickly suppress market chaos and stabilize operating dynamics of both companies via model modification is purposed. An important advantage of the developed method for competing firms business management is that a small number of corrective operations is required to suppress the chaotic trends.
THE INFLUENCEOF MONETARY POLICY INSTRUMENTS ON THE INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF COMPANIES IN BELARUS
Authors: Markusenko M. V.
Published: May 2016

Approaches to defining investment activity entities reviewed. The role of monetary factors in the increase investment activity is defined. The influence of instruments of monetary policy for the investment activity of Belarusian companies is discussed. Measures to increase investment activity are offered.The combined regime currency and inflation targeting is proposed.
Percepção de Estudantes do Ensino Médio Quanto a Palestras Sobre Educação Sexual em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Stradiotti Kamila Motta , Alves Amanda Almirão , Castro Daniela de Castro Kassar Moretzsohn , Camillo Fernanda Gaspar , Pancini Isabelle Dourado , Silva Luis Felipe Gomes , Baldomar Junior Oscar Medina , Zanin Paulo Henrique , Bento Leda Márcia Araujo , Andrade Luciana Paes
Published: May 2016

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o nível de conhecimento em educação sexual de alunos do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio em amostra representativa da cidade de Campo Grande, após a aplicação de palestras. Tratou-se de pesquisa do tipo observacional prospectivo de coorte, realizada em oito escolas públicas de ensino em Campo Grande, MS, em salas de aula do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio, de fevereiro de 2012 até setembro de 2012. Sendo as instituições de diferentes distritos, diferenças de acertos estatisticamente significantes não foram encontradas quando consideradas as características sociodemográficas da região e a idade; entretanto, houve melhor desempenho entre o préteste e o pós-teste da população feminina. Ao final do estudo, evidenciou-se que as questões de caráter prático tiveram um maior acréscimo de acertos total. Não houve acréscimo de conhecimento estatisticamente significante com palestras em educação sexual, sendo a utilização dessas como transmissão de conhecimento ineficaz para a população estudada.
Water supply diagnosis in the municipality of Cajazeiras, Paraíba State, Brazil
Authors: Silva Filho José Adalberto da , Araújo Sayonara Costa de , Nogueira Virgínia de Fátima Bezerra
Published: May 2016

The water supply is a key factor for the development of the population in a region. The mapping areas that are not supplied with drinking water is an important mechanism, once the vulnerable locations are identified, which leads to establish policies and programs to mitigate the problem. Thus, this paper aims at examining areas that present vulnerability in access to water in the municipality of Cajazeiras, Paraíba State, Brazil. In order to carry this research out, data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were analyzed. The results indicate a disproportion in access to water between rural and urban areas, with the first being very vulnerable to contamination factors. It is necessary environmental education programs for sustainable water use, the development of technologies to ensure good quality water and the well being of the people, by the high risk of water-related diseases caused by the contamination that may occur in capture, transport and storage of water.

 

Diagnóstico do abastecimento de água no município de Cajazeiras – PB, Brasil

Resumo: O abastecimento de água é um fator determinante para o desenvolvimento da população em uma região. O mapeamento de zonas que não são abastecidos com água potável é um mecanismo importante, uma vez que são identificadas as localidades que apresentam vulnerabilidade, sendo assim possível estabelecer políticas e programas que amenizem a problemática. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as zonas que apresentam vulnerabilidade no acesso à água no município de Cajazeiras - PB, por meio de dados obtidos junto ao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Os resultados indicam uma desproporcionalidade no acesso à água entre as zonas rurais e urbanas, sendo a primeira muito vulnerável a fatores de contaminação. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário programas de educação ambiental para o uso sustentável da água, como também o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que garantam a segurança hídrica e o bem-estar das populações que residem nessas áreas, tendo em vista o alto risco de ocorrência de surtos de doenças de veiculação hídrica devido a contaminação que pode ocorrer na captação, transporte e armazenamento. 
Envelhecimento no Brasil: da formulação de políticas à estruturação de serviços de saúde integrais
Authors: SANTOS Carla Targino Bruno dos
Published: May 2016

O objetivo desse texto é contribuir para a compreensão do perfil epidemiológico brasileiro e sua demandas para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), a partir da transição demográfica a qual passamos. Pretende-se discutir as repercussões da inversão da pirâmide etária no perfil epidemiológico, bem como na procura e oferta de serviços de saúde, e na formulação de políticas sociais e de saúde para a população idosa no Brasil. Destacam-se ainda as ideias e propostas acerca da mudança de um modelo assistencial medico-privatista para um modelo centrado nas necessidades do usuário, bem como de uma assistência à saúde organizada para atender às condições episódicas e reativas à estruturação de serviços de saúde integrais, que atendam as condições crônicas e aos idosos deste país.
Diagnóstico da Insegurança Alimentar e do Estado Nutricional dos usuários dos restaurantes populares das Regiões Nordeste e Sul do Brasil.
Authors: MORAES Suwellen De Resende , GODOY Kátia , Savio de OLIVEIRA Karin
Published: May 2016

A insegurança alimentar acontece quando as necessidades nutricionais não atingidas causam problemas psicológicos e fisiológicos. Pensando nesse panorama, este estudo descritivo transversal teve por objetivo avaliar a relação entre insegurança alimentar e excesso de peso nas regiões Nordeste e Sul. Utilizou-se um formulário para identificação das variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas, também foi feito o cálculo do IMC, e aplicada a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional, em duas regiões do Brasil onde foram entrevistadas 807 pessoas sendo 503 da região Nordeste e 304 da região Sul. A parcela mais prevalente de renda familiar nas duas regiões foi aquela entre ½ a 1 salário mínimo. A região Nordeste apresentou maior prevalência de usuários em insegurança alimentar em relação à região Sul, apresentou também mais diferenças socioeconômicas como menor escolaridade e renda per capita, maior proporção de desempregados e usuários em Insegurança Alimentar em relação à região Sul. Tal fato se explica pela população apresentar maior proporção de desempregados e uma renda per capita menor, levando a um reduzido poder de acesso aos alimentos. Quanto ao estado nutricional, em ambas as regiões houve excesso de peso. Esse dado pode ser um indício do processo acelerado da transição nutricional pelo qual a população brasileira passa.
O edentulismo no Brasil: epidemiologia, rede assistencial e produção de próteses pelo Sistema Único de Saúde.
Authors: Silva Erica Tatiane da , Oliveira Rommel Teodoro de , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues
Published: May 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a conjuntura nacional quanto ao perfil epidemiológico do edentulismo, rede de atenção à saúde bucal e produção de próteses no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram utilizados dados epidemiológicos do Projeto SBBrasil 2010 e investigada a distribuição das Equipes de Saúde Bucal (ESB), Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEOs), Laboratórios Regionais de Próteses Dentárias (LRPDs) e tratamento protético no SUS. Foram elaborados mapas para investigação da distribuição geográfica de variáveis do estudo e realizadas análises descritivas e correlacionais. A prevalência de perda dentária foi alta, especialmente entre mulheres, idosos e indivíduos de baixo nível de escolaridade e renda familiar, com destaque da região Norte. As necessidades de prótese foram superiores nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Houve correlação entre o número de CEOs e LRPDs com tamanho populacional, índice de desenvolvimento humano e número de ESB (p<0,001; 0,082≤r≤0,422). As produções laboratoriais e ambulatoriais foram superiores no Sul, Sudeste e Nordeste. Apesar dos avanços proporcionados pela Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal, permanece o quadro de alta prevalência de perda dentária, necessidade de tratamento protético e desigualdades na oferta dos serviços.
Referências de cidadania e democracia nos relatórios finais das Conferências Nacionais de Saúde.
Authors: BEM Ivan PRICKEN DE , BARROS Ione Silva , SOUSA Adriana Modesto de , DIAS Pollyana Rodrigues Pinheiro
Published: May 2016

Este estudo apresenta reflexões acerca dos conceitos de cidadania e democracia no contexto das Conferências Nacionais de Saúde - CNS tendo como fonte de referência seus relatórios finais e a série histórica 8ª CNS a 14ª CNS. As variáveis elencadas foram a cidadania e a democracia, buscando-se perscrutar referências explícitas e/ou implícitas aos referidos termos. Por meio de análise documental buscou-se identificar em que momentos, que atores sociais ou ramo da saúde estes termos foram de forma mais recorrente referidos. Percebe-se a contribuição histórica das CNS, sendo o SUS seu grande legado, assim como a extrema relevância nas discussões deflagradas em seus contextos imputada aos termos cidadania e democracia sendo o controle social/participação social o espaço mais profícuo a estas discussões.
Effect of ultra-high hydrostatic pressure on the survival of Chromohalobacter beijerinckii
Authors: Pęconek Janina , Fonberg-Broczek Monika , Szczawiński Jacek , Sawilska-Rautenstrauch Dorota
Published: May 2016

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ultra-high hydrostatic pressure on the survival of Chromohalobacter beijerinckii in samples of nutrient broth containing a 6% addition of NaCl and in samples of cold-smoked salmon. Both types of samples were exposed to ultra-high hydrostatic pressure of 300 and 400 MPa for 0, 5, 10 and 15 min. The number of Chromohalobacter beijerinckii was determined in all control samples and samples subjected to high pressure. The total number of aerobic bacteria was additionally determined in the samples of cold-smoked salmon intentionally inoculated with Chromohalobacter beijerinckii. It was found that Chromohalobacter beijerinckii showed a clearly greater sensitivity to high hydrostatic pressure in the nutrient broth (D-values: 300 MPa - 3.72 min; 400 MPa - 1.90 min) than it did in the samples of cold-smoked salmon (D-values: 300 MPa - 5.83 min; 400 MPa - 3.08 min). The results concerning the total number of aerobic bacteria show that Chromohalobacter beijerinckii is more susceptible to high pressure than the accompanying microflora present in cold-smoked salmon. High pressure treatment at 400 MPa applied for 15 min caused a destruction of Chromohalobacter beijerinckii cells that was clearly visible under a scanning electron microscope. Chromohalobacter beijerinckii belongs to bacteria that have average sensitivity to high hydrostatic pressure.
Fostering Managers' Knowledge-sharing Behavior: The Impact of the Employee–Organization Relationship
Authors: Cai Hui-Ru , Li Min , Guan Pian-Pian
Published: May 2016

Fostering managers' knowledge sharing is very important in the utilization and leverage of organizational knowledge. In this study, we used social cognitive reinforcement theory, which is derived from social learning theory, to examine how the employee–organization relationship
(EOR) influences managers' knowledge-sharing behavior. We surveyed 550 frontline managers from 19 Chinese companies regarding the 2 components of EOR (expected contributions and offered inducements) and knowledge sharing. The results showed that expected contributions positively influenced
knowledge sharing, and that offered inducements reinforced the relationship between the employee and the organization. Thus, compared to other approaches, a mutual investment approach, in which employers expect high levels of employee contributions and offer extensive inducements, will foster
a higher level of knowledge sharing. Implications for future research are discussed.
On the weakly second spectrum of a module
Authors: Çeken Seçil , Alkan Mustafa
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we extend the definition of weakly second submodule of a
module over a commutative ring to a module over an arbitrary ring. First, we
investigate some properties of weakly second submodules. We define the
notion of weakly second radical of a submodule and determine the weakly
second radical of some modules. We also define the notion of weak m*-system
and characterize the weakly second radical of a submodule in terms of weak
m*-systems. Then we introduce and study a topology on the set of all weakly
second submodules of a module. We give some results concerning irreducible
subsets, irreducible components and compactness of this topological space.
Finally, we investigate this topological space from the point of view of
spectral spaces.
Third and higher order convolution identities for Cauchy numbers
Authors: Komatsu Takao , Simsek Yilmaz
Published: May 2016

The n-th Cauchy number cn (n ? 0) are defined by the generating function
x/ln(1+x)=??,n=0 cnxn=n!. In this paper, we deal with formulae of the type
?l1+...+lm=? l1,...,lm?0 ?!/l1!...lm! (cl1 +...+ clm )n = a0cn+? +
...+ am-1cn+?-m+1, where the ai are suitable rational numbers, the ci
are Cauchy numbers and (cl1+...+clm )n := ?k1+...+km=n k1,...,km?0
n!/k1!...km! ck1+l1...ckm+lm. In particular, we give explicit formulae
for m = 3 and m = 4.
Robust CT-prediction algorithm for RT-PCR
Authors: Gunay Melih , Balasubramaniyan Rajarajeswari
Published: May 2016

Introduction of fluorescence-based Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) also called qPCR is
increasingly used to detect multiple pathogens simultaneously and rapidly by
gene expression analysis of PCR amplification data. Real-time PCR data are
analyzed after setting an arbitrary threshold that must intersect the signal
curve in its exponential phase. The point at which the curve crosses the
threshold is called CT (Cycle Threshold). This simple and arbitrary value
however is not an elegant definition of CT value sometimes leads to
conclusions that are either false positive or negative. Therefore, the
purpose of this paper is to present a stable and consistent alternative
approach for the definition and determination of CT value that leads to near
zero false positives and negatives.
Statistical assessment of heavy metal distribution and contamination of beach sands of Antalya-Turkey: An approach to the multivariate analysis techniques
Authors: Yalcin Fusun , Nyamsari Daniel , Paksu Ebru , Yalcin Gurhan
Published: May 2016

The distribution of heavy metal concentrations in the beach sand samples
collected from 44 different locations along the Manavgat Alanya coastline of
Antalya covering different coastal sandy beaches was studied. The average
concentration level of these metals in the beach sand was calculated and
compared to those of the Earth Crust, Sandstone, Ultrabasic Rock and the
acceptable limit for Turkey in order to determine their anomalies. Heavy
metal (Cr, Zn, Ni, As, Cu, Pb, Co, Mo, Sb and Cd; along with Al, Fe, Mg, Mn,
Na, K, Ba, Ca and W) were determined. The elements occurred in abundance as
Ca>Na>Mg>Fe>Al>K>Ti>Mn>Cr>Ba>V>Zn>Ni>As>Cu>Pb>Co>Mo>Sb>W>Cd. The sufficiency
of the number of samples used from the study area is revealed by the high
explanatory power R2 = 96:9 % of the ANOVA Model. Using the box plot, it was
also noted that some heavy metals such as As (in samples 1, 19, 25, 28 and
29); Mn (in Samples 23 and 39); Na (in samples 23, 24 and 45); Cr (in Sample
33) and Ti (in Sample 15) had very high anomalies. Heavy metal contents show
high anomaly concentrations when compared to some background values (Earth
Crust, Sandstone, Ultrabasic and Turkey acceptable limit).
Understanding the Benefits of School Travel: An Educator's Perspective
Authors: Cárdenas David A. , Hudson Simon , Meng Fang , Zhang Pei
Published: May 2016

Using a theoretical framework that incorporates Aristotle's three intellectual competencies (epistme, techne, and phronesis), this article examines the perceptions of educational travel from the administrators' perspective. A total of 336 elementary, middle, and
high school principals from around the US participated in the study and thematic responses were analyzed from open-ended questions. Results indicate that educational field trips can have positive impacts on all three of Aristotle's intellectual competencies (practical knowledge, skills, and
attitude/experience), and that the effects of educational travel are far reaching with substantive benefits for students of all grades.
How Can Small and Medium-sized Hotels Compete with International Hotel Chains? Egypt As a Case Study
Authors: Mohammad Abuelkassem A. A.
Published: May 2016

The majority of the accommodation properties in Egypt, nearly 54%, can be considered as small and medium-sized hotels (SMSHs). This study aimed to explore the position of SMSHs regarding competition with chain hotels, as well as to ascertain the practices that could potentially strengthen
the competitive position of SMSHs. This study considers the perceptions of four major stakeholder groups (i.e., managers of SMSHs, tourism intermediaries, hotel guests, government officials) regarding the investigated issue. A qualitative approach was adopted in this study using in-depth semistructured
interviews that were conducted with 42 participants. The results of the study revealed that SMSHs held a very weak competitive position against chain hotels. Such weak competitive position can be contributed to a number of operational shortcomings such as: limited services and facilities;
low-quality services; and unqualified personnel. However, SMSHs had some operational advantages that could possibly be used for improving their competitiveness (e.g., low prices, friendly service style, and providing original accommodation experience). The results also concluded some suggested
practices, for both SMSHs and other stakeholders, which could potentially enhance the competitiveness of SMSHs, such as: developing marketing activities and promoting SMSHs internationally, and establishing independent consortia for SMSHs. The study ended by providing a proposed model and
a set of practical implications that would improve the competitive position of SMSHs in Egypt and enhance their performance.
A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR THE PHOTOSPHERIC DRIVING OF NON-POTENTIAL SOLAR CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELD SIMULATIONS
Authors: Weinzierl Marion , Yeates Anthony R. , Mackay Duncan H. , Henney Carl J. , Arge C. Nick
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we develop a new technique for driving global non-potential simulations of the Sun’s coronal magnetic field solely from sequences of radial magnetic maps of the solar photosphere. A primary challenge to driving such global simulations is that the required horizontal electric field cannot be uniquely determined from such maps. We show that an “inductive” electric field solution similar to that used by previous authors successfully reproduces specific features of the coronal field evolution in both single and multiple bipole simulations. For these cases, the true solution is known because the electric field was generated from a surface flux-transport model. The match for these cases is further improved by including the non-inductive electric field contribution from surface differential rotation. Then, using this reconstruction method for the electric field, we show that a coronal non-potential simulation can be successfully driven from a sequence of ADAPT maps of the photospheric radial field, without including additional physical observations which are not routinely available.
MOLECULAR HYDROGEN ABSORPTION FROM THE HALO OF A z ∼ 0.4 GALAXY
Authors: Muzahid Sowgat , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Charlton Jane C. , Churchill Christopher W.
Published: May 2016

Lyman- and Werner-band absorption of molecular hydrogen (

) is detected in ∼50% of low-redshift (

) DLAs/sub-DLAs with

(

)

cm−2. However, the true origin(s) of the

-bearing gas remain elusive. Here we report a new detection of an

absorber at

= 0.4298 in the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph spectra of quasar PKS 2128–123. The total

of

cm−2 classifies the absorber as a sub-DLA.

absorption is detected up to the J = 3 rotational level with a total

= 16.36 ± 0.08, corresponding to a molecular fraction of

= −2.84 ± 0.17. The excitation temperature of

= 206 ± 6 K indicates the presence of cold gas. Using detailed ionization modeling, we obtain a near-solar metallicity (i.e., [O/H] = −0.26 ± 0.19) and a dust-to-gas ratio of

for the

-absorbing gas. The host galaxy of the sub-DLA is detected at an impact parameter of ρ ∼ 48 kpc with an inclination angle of i ∼ 48° and an azimuthal angle of Φ ∼ 15° with respect to the QSO sightline. We show that corotating gas in an extended disk cannot explain the observed kinematics of Mg ii absorption. Moreover, the inferred high metallicity is not consistent with the scenario of gas accretion. An outflow from the central region of the host galaxy, on the other hand, would require a large opening angle (i.e.,

), much larger than the observed outflow opening angles in Seyfert galaxies, in order to intercept the QSO sightline. We thus favor a scenario in which the

-bearing gas is stemming from a dwarf-satellite galaxy, presumably via tidal and/or ram pressure stripping. Detection of a dwarf galaxy candidate in the HST/WFPC2 image at an impact parameter of ∼12 kpc reinforces such an idea.
Construction and Application of WeChat Learning Platform in "Folk Literature" Teaching
Authors: SHANG Wei
Published: May 2016

WeChat as a type of mobile software with social communication attribute and platform function can offer a new platform and application mode for distance education. Real-time communication and good use experience of WeChat can make students have high use ratio and degree of tackiness. WeChat learning platform makes distance education more feasible, convenient and efficient. This paper takes Folk Literature as the experimental course and adopts interview and statistical data methods to contrastively analyze classroom effect differences before and after application of WeChat learning platform through design of WeChat learning platform of Folk Literature distance education, teaching design and case design and application effect analysis of WeChat learning platform application. This paper provides theoretical support and data support for Folk Literature distance education and its application in college education.