bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY OF THE PROJECT OF THE POULTRY FARM ILLUMINATION ON THE PLATFORM OF HOLLOW MIRRORED TUBULAR LIGHT GUIDES
Authors: Brakale Gennaro  , Biryukova Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Klimantova Julia Olegovna , Pleshkov Sergey Jurevich
Published: March 2018

The article deals with the project of lighting the hull of a poultry farm (Belokamenniy village, Asbest town, the Sverdlovsk Region), which is organizationally a part of the poultry farm "Sverdlovskaya". The peculiarity of the project is that a real-life version of lighting is proposed to be replaced with an energy-efficient, eco-friendly project that allows not only to cover the initial costs, but also systematically support a higher production of valuable food products, such as eggs, poultry meat. The work presents the calculation of the illumination of the room, performed with the help of an exclusive computer program developed by the engineers of the Italian company "Solarspot International S.R.L.". Recommendations are given to increase the production of poultry and eggs through the use of innovative energy-efficient technology for the transportation of natural light for producers. The profitability of this technology is proved when applied in the cattle-breeding complex of the Russian Federation in terms of different value of the national currency.
CALCULATION OF THE TEMPERATURE FIELD IN THE PROBLEMS OF DISPLACEMENT OF PARAFFIN OIL BY WATER IN A MULTILAYER FORMATION
Authors: Akhmedov Suleiman Abduragimovich , Akhmedova Zukhra Khalipaevna , Akhmedova Khamida Gadzhialievna
Published: March 2018

Under thermal flooding of strata, the temperature conditions in the reservoirs are formed mainly in the process of heat exchange between the injected fluid and reservoir with the surrounding rocks. Heat transfer in the strata is composed of conduction through the solid porous skeleton, conduction and convection through the pores and other factors. Particularly acute appears the need to analyze temperature fields and recovery of reservoirs saturated with paraffin. Methodological issues that arise when analyzing temperature fields, pressure and oil saturation should be carefully handled, with special concern to multilayer formations. It is necessary to consider the heat exchange between the reservoir and the surrounding rocks. The article offers the technique of calculating temperature fields and the oil saturation with oil displacement by water in multilayer formations taking into account heat transfer through the roof and sole.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FORAGE BEANS PROTEIN QUALITY IN BROILER CHICKEN FEEDING
Authors: Ivanova Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: March 2018

The article focuses on protein content and amino acid composition in different varieties of forage beans (Istok, Maria, Uzunovskie, Alfred), which are used in fodder of the farm poultry. Among them, there was studied a limiting factor - methionine, cysteine and lysine content. Portion of crude protein in the studied varieties of forage beans made between 24.7% (Alfred variety) - 27.9% (Maria variety), mean value made 26.3%. According to absolute portion of amino acids, Istok variety stands out among the rest. Amount of essential amino acids in crude protein is mean 44.32% with great instability of values: from 36.6 to 49.6%. The ratio of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids (amino acid index) is an average of 0.53. Biological value of forage beans samples varied from 45.7% (Maria variety) to 52.8% (Istok variety), an average value made 49.9%. A comparative analysis of amino acid content of forage beans and eggs showed low biological value of forage beans due to the shortage of amino acids, particularly sulphur bearing ones: methionine and cysteine. Taking into account the fact that the better protein in the fodder meets the animals’ need in amino acids, the more of it is used to support vital functions of the organism, maximum fertility. In order to increase biological value of forage beans it is necessary to select varieties with greater content of essential amino acids, especially, limiting ones.
REVISITING THE STATE OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION OF STURGEONS IN THE VOLGA-CASPIAN BASIN
Authors: Anokhina Adelya Zakirovna , Zaitsev Vyacheslav Fedorovich
Published: March 2018

Under present conditions of depletion of natural resources and introduction of a moratorium for commercial sturgeon fishing there is a need to take urgent and radical steps in order to conserve the Caspian populations of these valuable species. Natural and artificial reproduction efficiency shall be improved in order to restore sturgeon population level in the Volga-Caspian basin. The analysis of the current state of natural sturgeon reproduction in the Volga river unregulated part has shown that due to a variety of reasons its efficiency has been minimized. The role and importance of artificial reproduction is increasing, yet in the last years its efficiency has been negated because of increasing deficiency of sturgeon sires in natural populations. Timely composition of productive stocks in the fish ponds of 6 Astrakhan region sturgeon breeding hatcheries allows to provide artificial reproduction fish-breeding operations with high quality spawns and milters within the conditions of their population’s decline in the natural habitats. The data on the quantity and the biomass of the sturgeon productive stocks at the Astrakhan sturgeon hatcheries prove that the prospects for developing artificial reproduction are possible only due to using stocks available at the hatcheries.
GROWTH OF PIKE-PERCH SANDER LUCIOPERCA (L., 1758) (PERCIDAE) IN RESERVOIRS OF K. SATPAYEV’S CHANNEL
Authors: Asylbekova Saule Zhangirovna , Isbekov Kuanysh Baibulatovich , Krainyuk Vladimir Nickolaevich
Published: March 2018

Pike-perch is an invader for the water basins of Central Kazakhstan. These species have stable self-reproductive populations in the regional waters. Back calculation method was used to investigate pike-perch growth rates in reservoirs of K. Satpayev’s channel. For comparison, the data from the other water bodies (Vyacheslavsky and Sherubay-Nurinsky water reservoirs) were used, as well as literature data. Pike-perch species from the investigated waters don’t show high growth rates. The populations from the reservoirs of K. Satpayev’s channel have quite similar growth rates with populations from the Amur river, from a number of reservoirs in the Volga river basin and from the reservoir in Spain. Sexual differences in growth have not been observed. Evaluating possible influence of various abiotic and biotic factors on the growth rate of pike-perch in the reservoirs of K. Satpayev’s channel was carried out. It has been stated that the availability of trophic resources cannot play a key role in growth dynamics because of their high abundance. Morphology of water bodies also does not play a role, as well as chromaticity, turbidity and other optical water indicators. It can be supposed that the main factor influencing growth of pike perch is the habitat’s temperature. This factor hardly ever approaches optimal values for the species in reservoirs of K. Satpaev’s channel. The possible influence of fishing selectivity on pike-perch growth rates was also evaluated. Currently, there has been imposed a moratorium on pike-perch catch. However, pike-perch is found in by-catches and in catches of amateur fishermen. It should be said that such seizures have an insignificant role in the dynamics of growth rates.
Religious and Gender Issues In the Tradition of Basurung and the Polygamy of Banjar Tuan Guru in South Kalimantan
Authors: Nadhiroh Wardatun
Published: March 2018

Banjar is among the largest ethnic groups in Kalimantan Island, concentrated in South Kalimantan and a small part of other Kalimantan. As an adherent of Islam, Banjar ethnic group is very religious. Tuan guru, a designation for respected ulama, play as a role model in everyday life. The have a gathering for studies (pengajian) that are always attended by a large number of followers (jama'ah). People want to be close to this elites, making them as apart of their family. For the sake of this effort, the female jama’ah often 'basurung' of offering to be married by the tuan guru. As a parent they also offer their daughter to marry him. Banjar women will feel honored when they marry a tuan guru, although it turns out to become “an informal wife.” Her family will also be very proud to be able to be bond to a respected tuan guru. As a result, it is no wonder that there are many tuan guru in South Kalimantan who have more than one wife. This paper discusses the culture of basurung initiated by the women of Banjar ethnic group using standpoint of feminism analysis. The work attempts to see the women's points of view, especially in relation to the tuan guru's polygamy culture that occurs within Banjar ethnic group.
Conflicting Religious Identities: Blaspheming Islam and the Future of Democracy in Indonesia
Authors: Hamdi Saipul
Published: March 2018

The paper explores the phenomena of conflicting religious identities among Indonesian politicians in Jakarta’s regional election (pilkada) in 2017. The 2017 most dramatized Jakarta regional election has been seen as a very important political phenomenon in recent time as it revealed the conflicting social-political identity construction across religious and ethnic groups in the region. This work attempts to provide explanation from the perspective of religious studies on the roles of religious identities in the political realm as well as religious and political symbols as tools to achieve political supports. The case of Ahok mentioning one of the Quranic verses of al-Maidah 51 in Kepulauan Seribu exposes the fundamental question of wheter it is apart of blaspheming Islam and insulting ulama. It also shows how the Islamist groups respond to it by using the case of the politicizing al-Maidah 51 to reduce Ahok electability and disqualify him from political contestation by accusing him to blaspheme Islam. The complexity of applying Quranic texts to the modern political platform brings this article to outline how Muslim scholars interpret all-Maidah 51 and how they situate the text into the context of modern politics in Indonesia as well as how it influences the future of Indonesian democracy.
Ancestral Religious Recognition an Effort to Build Indonesia without Discrimination
Authors: Tijani Achmad
Published: March 2018

Samsul Ma’arif, Dynamics of Ancestral Religious Recognition in Religious Politics in Indonesia. Yogyakarta: CRCS UGM, 2017

Juridically Indonesia has identified itself as a religious country. An important element which states that it is manifested in Pancasila as the foundation of the state in the first principle, namely the belief in the oneness of God. The formalization of the element of belief in all of the nation's history is not a flawless one. One of the criticisms that is not taken seriously by most components of the nation is a derivative form of the first polarized first principle in the birth of official religions recognized by the state. Polarization is arguably very exclusive, which eventually, will deny the existence of other beliefs that grow in the community. As a consequence, there arises a pejorative narrative in all its forms to those outside the official state religions. Even the most unnecessary things happen, as violent acts which very likely result from the exclusive polarization.
Effects of MK-467 hydrochloride and hyoscine butylbromide on cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal changes induced by detomidine hydrochloride in horses
Authors: Tapio Heidi A. , Raekallio Marja R. , Mykkänen Anna , Mama Khursheed , Mendez-Angulo Jóse L. , Hautajärvi Heidi , Vainio Outi M.
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of MK-467 and hyoscine butylbromide on detomidine hydrochloride–induced cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal changes in horses.

ANIMALS 6 healthy adult horses.

PROCEDURES Horses received detomidine hydrochloride (20 μg/kg, IV), followed 10 minutes later by MK-467 hydrochloride (150 μg/kg; DET-MK), hyoscine butylbromide (0.2 mg/kg; DET-HYO), or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (DET-S), IV, in a Latin square design. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, arterial and venous blood pressures, and cardiac output were measured; blood gases and arterial plasma drug concentrations were analyzed; selected cardiopulmonary variables were calculated; and sedation and gastrointestinal borborygmi were scored at predetermined time points. Differences among treatments or within treatments over time were analyzed statistically.

RESULTS With DET-MK, detomidine-induced hypertension and bradycardia were reversed shortly after MK-467 injection. Marked tachycardia and hypertension were observed with DET-HYO. Mean heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure differed significantly among all treatments from 15 to 35 and 15 to 40 minutes after detomidine injection, respectively. Cardiac output was greater with DET-MK and DET-HYO than with DET-S 15 minutes after detomidine injection, but left ventricular workload was significantly higher with DET-HYO. Borborygmus score, reduced with all treatments, was most rapidly restored with DET-MK. Sedation scores and pharmacokinetic parameters of detomidine did not differ between DET-S and DET-MK.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE MK-467 reversed or attenuated cardiovascular and gastrointestinal effects of detomidine without notable adverse effects or alterations in detomidine-induced sedation in horses. Further research is needed to determine whether these advantages are found in clinical patients and to assess whether the drug influences analgesic effects of detomidine.
Quantitative analysis of brain perfusion parameters in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy by use of magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hartmann Antje , von Klopmann Clea , Lautenschläger Ines E. , Scholz Volkher B. , Schmidt Martin J.
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE To quantitatively analyze brain perfusion parameters in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE) by use of MRI and to compare those findings with brain perfusion parameters for healthy dogs.

ANIMALS 12 client-owned dogs with IE.

PROCEDURES For each dog, standard MRI and perfusion-weighted imaging (before and after injection of gadoteric acid contrast medium) sequences of the brain were obtained during the interictal period by means of the same protocol used in a comparable study of healthy dogs. Time of contrast medium arrival, time to peak contrast enhancement, mean contrast transit time, and cerebral blood flow were calculated for the caudate nucleus, thalamus, piriform lobe, hippocampus, semioval center, and temporal cerebral cortex. Parameters for each structure were compared between dogs with IE and healthy dogs.

RESULTS Dogs with IE had a significantly greater mean time of contrast arrival and lower mean cerebral blood flow than healthy dogs. Differences in cerebral blood flow between dogs with IE and healthy dogs were most pronounced in the piriform lobe, thalamus, and temporal cerebral cortex. The mean contrast transit time did not differ between dogs with IE and healthy dogs.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that, compared with healthy dogs, dogs with IE have decreased blood perfusion of the brain. Findings of this study can be used as a basis for further research into functional changes within the brains of epileptic dogs during the interictal phase.
Effect of oral administration of robenacoxib on inhibition of paracentesis-induced blood-aqueous barrier breakdown in healthy cats
Authors: Sharpe Emily K. , Meekins Jessica M. , Roush James K. , Rankin Amy J. , KuKanich Butch
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of oral administration of robenacoxib on inhibition of anterior chamber paracentesis (ACP)-induced breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) and assess whether robenacoxib can cross an intact BAB in healthy cats.

ANIMALS 12 healthy adult domestic shorthair cats.

PROCEDURES Cats received robenacoxib (6-mg tablet in a treat, PO; n = 6) or a control treatment (treat without any drug, PO; 6) once daily for 3 days, beginning 1 day before ACP. One eye of each cat served as an untreated control, whereas the other underwent ACP, during which a 30-gauge needle was used to aspirate 100 μL of aqueous humor for determination of robenacoxib concentration. Both eyes of each cat underwent anterior chamber fluorophotometry at 0 (immediately before), 6, 24, and 48 hours after ACP. Fluorescein concentration and percentage fluorescein increase were used to assess extent of ACP-induced BAB breakdown and compared between cats that did and did not receive robenacoxib.

RESULTS Extent of BAB breakdown induced by ACP did not differ significantly between cats that did and did not receive robenacoxib. Low concentrations of robenacoxib were detected in the aqueous humor (mean, 5.32 ng/mL; range, 0.9 to 16 ng/mL) for 5 of the 6 cats that received the drug.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that oral administration of robenacoxib did not significantly decrease extent of BAB breakdown in healthy cats. Detection of low robenacoxib concentrations in the aqueous humor for most treated cats indicated that the drug can cross an intact BAB.
Four Riders of the Apocalypse of the Polish Bureaucracy
Authors: Kieżun Witold
Published: March 2018

This article was originally published in Polish as: Witold Kieżun, Czterej jeźdźcy apokalipsy polskiej biurokracji, Kultura, No. 3/630, Paris 2000. The Literary Institute (publisher of the “Kultura” monthly) expressed its interest in and consent to the publication of an English-language version of this article. Professor Witold Kieżun also gave his consent to the translation of his text and its posting in the pages of the journal Foundations of Management. The text was written in 1999 and introduced subsequent to January 1 of that year, regarding the reform of the administrative division of Poland, which involved, among other things, three-stage structure of territorial division and the introduction of counties as administrative units (editorial note).
Development and validation of Acacia koa and A. koaia nuclear SSRs using Illumina sequencing
Authors: Lawson Shaneka S. , Ebrahimi Aziz
Published: March 2018

Koa (Acacia koa) and sub-species koaia (A. koaia) are two of more than 1,200 species from the genus Acacia within the Leguminosae (also designated Fabaceae) family. In the past, koa and koaia forests were found throughout the Hawaiian archipelago but populations have dramatically decreased. Comprehensive analyses of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have not been published previously. Here we use genome sequencing and bioinformatics tools to report development of 100,000+ nuclear SSR (nuSSR) markers for use in koa and koaia genome studies with transcriptome SSR information was inclu­ded for comparison. Over 10,000 high-value SSRs (40-60 % GC content) were isolated with 3,600+ further validated by ePCR. SSRs generated in this work can assist current efforts to sustai­nably increase in koa and koaia populations.
Airline Quality Assessment Methodology Taking Into Account the Flight Safety Level Based on Factor Analysis
Authors: Bogdane Ruta , Bitiņš Aleksandrs , Šestakovs Vladimirs , Dissanayake Yasaratne Bandara
Published: March 2018

In this article, the authors offer a methodology for determining the quality of airline performance by taking into account the level of flight safety on the basis of factor analysis and the results of methodology approbation in the conditions of a functioning airline. The assessment of the level of airline performance quality taking into account the level of flight safety within a certain time span is rather sensitive, informative and reliable. They allow us to detect those changes in industrial and economic conditions and factors that are related to a certain degree of potential deterioration of flight safety. This creates conditions for revealing the tendencies towards the deterioration of flight safety at the stage of their origin, when they have not yet caused deep, irreversible changes in the flight safety of an airline.
Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Optimalisasi Pelaksanaan Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan
Authors: Widyastono Herry
Published: March 2018

A huge number of research findings indicate that there is an obvious moral degradation within youngsters. This is one of the problems encountered by Indonesia. Corruption, intolerance, distrust, violence to other people, and so on and so forth are also other serious problems. Accordingly, the implant of a character building to learners constitutes a compulsory because this will not only result in smart students, but also make them to have good character as well a to be polite. By having such characters they will be useful for themselves of their lives and other people in community as well. The predetermined characters have already been included in the â€œgraduate competence standardâ€ and â€œcontent standardâ€ for basic and secondary education and these are as reference to enact school-based curriculum. There are some principles of conveying the values to students at primary, junior and senior secondary schools, among other things (a) sustainability, (b) be integrated to all existing subject matters, local content, self-development, and the habitual acts in schools, (3) the values are not taught in isolation, but be developed and be implemented involving students to be active and enjoyable.Â ABSTRAKBerbagai hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat kecenderungan semakin merosotnya nilai nilai moral dan karakter para remaja. Bahkan, tidak di kalangan remaja saja, secara umum bangsa Indonesia dihadapkan pada berbagai problem kebangsaan yang tidak mencerminkan karakter bangs Indonesia, seperti budaya korup, lebih menyukai jalan pintas, intoleran, kekerasan, ketidakpercayaan kepada pihak lain (distrust). Penyelenggaraan pendidikan karakter menjadi suatu keharusan karena pendidikan karakter tidak hanya menjadikan peserta didik menjadi cerdas, tetapi juga mempunyai budi pekerti dan sopan santun, sehingga keberadaannya sebagai anggota masyarakat menjadi bermakna baik bagi dirinya maupun bagi orang lain. Nilai-nilai karakter sudah termuat dalam Standar Kompetensi Lulusan dan Standar Isi yang merupakan acuan dalam menyusun Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan. Implementasi pendidikan karakter mengacu pada prinsip-prinsip: a) berkelanjutan; b) diintegrasikan ke dalam semua mata pelajaran yang sudah ada, muatan lokal, pengembangan diri, dan budaya sekolah, dan c) nilai-nilai karakter tidak diajarkan tapi dikembangkan dan dilaksanakan, serta d) pembelajaran dilakukan peserta didik secara aktif dan menyenangkan.
Designing Value into Engineering Learning Through Service Activities Using a Blueprint Model
Authors: Paterson Kurtis G , Bielefeldt Angela R , Swan Christopher W , Rulifson Greg , Kazmer David , Pierrakos Olga
Published: March 2018

Both course-based service-learning (S-L) and extracurricular community service activities, together referred to as Learning Through Service, provide the opportunity for rich learning, personal growth, and tangible beneficial outcomes for students, community partners, and faculty. However, to fully realize this potential careful planning and design of the Learning Through Service (LTS) effort are required. This paper describes a framework with nine important elements to consider for LTS program design: (1) stakeholders, (2) value propositions, (3) relationships, (4) channels, (5) key activities, (6) resources, (7) partnerships, (8) value stream returns, and (9) value stream costs/outlays. This LTS development framework is based on the Business Canvas Model used in developing and evaluating the business viability of an innovative product or service. For LTS, the stated program design attributes were identified based on the personal LTS experience of the research team and input from additional experts. These nine elements can be effectively presented as a blueprint for an LTS program. Thoughtful planning in each of these areas will help ensure that the program goals are met and provide optimal benefits for all of the stakeholders. These elements also help to identify where management and assessment efforts are best targeted. Specific examples for each of the nine attributes from thirty-four different LTS programs are presented. Some of these LTS programs were in the planning phases and missing elements that could make the programs more meaningful, such as student reflection or engaging community partners as equals. Together, the model and examples provide guidance for others who are interested in designing a new LTS program, or improving an existing one.
Service Learning as Scholarship of Engagement and Its Relationship to the Academic Reward Structure
Authors: Vernaza Karinna M , Vitolo Theresa M , Brinkman Barry J , Steinbrink Scott E
Published: March 2018

Service-learning is an emerging paradigm in undergraduate education benefitting students, universities, and communities. Students benefit from the practical, hands-on experience of service utilizing the education received through their academic work; universities benefit from the good will and good publicity garnered by successful projects; communities benefit, as service-learning projects often aim to address real and pressing needs. But what of the faculty member whose task it is to identify, formulate and oversee these community projects? In this paper, the argument is made that service-learning projects may potentially provide reward to tenure-track faculty members by inclusion in rank and tenure dossiers. Service-learning projects can be included within the Boyer Model of Scholarship under the scholarship classifications of Application, Teaching, or Engagement. The paper concentrates particularly on the Engagement classification. Additionally, risks to the faculty member choosing to use service-learning as a promotion or tenure tool are discussed. The authors’ own service-learning activities are described and discussed as an example.
Working Across Disciplines and Chipping Away at Silos with SLCE: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Educating Science and Engineering Students
Authors: Swap Robert J , Wayland Kent
Published: March 2018

A co-curricular approach to service-learning and community engagement (SLCE) designed to begin breaking through these institutional and personal silos that inhibit exchanges of knowledge between students, faculty and communities, is presented. This approach seeks to create a continuum of engagement and learning for students, faculty, and communities to redirect students and faculty away from the drive to solely produce a competitive product (or trophy) and toward an appreciation of the ongoing process of engagement. To construct this continuum, we draw on the idea of an intellectual apprenticeship. The students in this model serve as the apprentices, while the faculty, along with community partners and other colleagues, act as mentors in a guild of “artisans” dedicated to putting useful knowledge into action. We present the principles of engagement that underlay the entire process (respect, reciprocity and relationship), the stages of the apprenticeship, evidence that supports its effectiveness and challenges to the approach. The goal of the paper is to share the approach with the larger community so that others may borrow what they find useful and add what they believe to be missing to ultimately improve experiential education about SLCE for engineers and scientists.
Connections Without Command: ESW’s Service Learning Approach
Authors: Dale Alexander T , Lennox Erin R , Best Robert E , McKahn Denise , Hess Justin L , Jensen Michael K
Published: March 2018

Engineers for a Sustainable World (ESW) is a US-based non-profit network that designs and implements technical sustainability projects through a network of collegiate and professional chapters. Although founded around international development, today the organization focuses primarily on domestic projects situated within local campuses and communities. Similarly, ESW operates as a network rather than a hierarchical organization, an organizational model with its own lessons for service learning. This paper outlines the basic structure and function of ESW, and uses three case study projects combined with ESW’s recent history to emphasize the importance of service learning organizations on sustainability education. It examines lessons and the value of ESW and similar organizations at the individual level and for the university community, and examines challenges in replicating this model. We show that the diversity of members and autonomy of chapters in ESW’s network leads to several benefits, including lower costs per student and entry points for any discipline or career status. Nonetheless, this requires extra effort to build effective engagement and collaboration across chapters and needs continuous monitoring to balance support with control.
Humanitarian Engineering at The Ohio State University: Lessons Learned in Enriching Education While Helping People
Authors: Bixler Gregory , Campbell Joseph , Dzwonczyk Roger , Greene Howard L , Merrill John , Passino Kevin M
Published: March 2018

Humanitarian engineering at The Ohio State University (OSU) has enriched our delivery of engineering education and at the same time led, via collaborative engagement, to helping people and communities. Here, we describe our curricular program, extracurricular activities, domestic and international projects, meetings and coordination, and our new Humanitarian Engineering Center. Throughout, we provide “lessons learned” for all these categories, and in conclusion provide some general lessons and challenges for engineering education.
Global TIES: Ten Years of Engineering for Humanity
Authors: Bratton Mandy
Published: March 2018

Founded in 2004, Global TIES – Teams in Engineering Service at the University of California, San Diego is a nationally recognized humanitarian engineering and social innovation program. In Global TIES, student-led, faculty-advised, interdisciplinary teams of undergraduate students earn academic credit for designing engineering and technology solutions in partnership with local and global nonprofit organizations. Data suggest that participation in Global TIES has a positive impact on students on a number of academic and developmental variables, including many of the professional and technical skills recommended by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology. These findings, as well as the program’s history, mission, and curriculum, are described. Best practices developed and lessons learned over the program’s first decade are also discussed.
The International Engineering Service Program at the University of Iowa
Authors: Duff Flora E , Marshall Lindsay J , Hauser Lee W , Ausland Hayden W , Houser Timothy J , Just Craig L
Published: March 2018

The International Engineering Service Program at the University of Iowa (UI-IESP) has evolved immensely since 2003. The UI-IESP changed significantly in response to increases in financial resources from grants and gifts and through the creation of the Design With the Developing World (DWDW) service-learning course. Taught since 2006, the DWDW course has provided 185 students the opportunity to work in interdisciplinary teams to propose solutions to problems faced by people in the “developing world”. Since 2013, improvements to the DWDW course include a change in instructional format, the utilization of the Field Guide to Environmental Engineering for Development Workers, the integration of experiential workshops, and the UI-IESP partnership with Kobriti, Ghana. The Kobriti Partnership recently culminated in the construction of a solar-powered groundwater pumping system by the people of Kobriti with the assistance of a UI-IESP team that included three former DWDW students, a university shop staff member and a university research staff member. Using reflections written by students, the research staff member and the corresponding author, the UI-IESP was determined to be effective overall. Critiques of the UI-IESP highlighted the lack of a national affiliation, the use of a single advisor, the small international scope, the perception that the DWDW course was unable to fully prepare students, and the need for redundancy in communication planning. Lessons learned include “knowing by going”, being resilient, embracing unknowns, respecting indigenous knowledge, and always seeking partners. Best practices include diverse training for students, partnering for the long-term, identifying responsible parties, partnership reciprocity, and utilizing resources from the university, EWB-USA and/or ESW.
Hybrid Virtual- and Field Work-based Service Learning with Green Information Technology and Systems Projects
Authors: Branker Kadra , Corbett Jacqueline , Webster Jane , Pearce Joshua M.
Published: March 2018

Traditional engineering service learning (SL) projects can be classified as: 1) collaborations with a community group or non-profit organization to provide specific engineering around a community need, or 2) an internship-like experience with industry to address work requested by a client. The limitation of both traditional SL approaches is that they do not prepare students to implement unprescribed projects. In contrast, here students chose both the project and the partner for a self-directed engineering SL experience. This paper presents the findings of this novel pedagogical exercise in which students acted as change agents for industry by implementing unsolicited energy conservation measures (ECMs) focused on green information technology and systems (IT/S), in order to improve organizations’ environmental and economic performance. The hybrid SL projects had both ‘virtual’ and ‘real’ (field-work) SL components. For the virtual component, student teams developed and published on-line, open-source ECM calculators. For the field-work component, the teams self-selected industry clients and performed IT/S energy audits. Applicable ECMs were then selected and tailored, forming the basis of recommendations to the organizations. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of such hybrid engineering SL projects.
Point-Of-Use Drinking Water Treatment in the Developing World: Community Acceptance, Project Monitoring and Revision
Authors: Ogunyoku Temitope Adebimpe , Nover Daniel M. , McKenzie Erica R. , Joshi Geetika , Fleenor William E.
Published: March 2018

Abstract - Project design and implementation of water treatment technologies in the developing world often overlooks potential pitfalls because: 1) technical experts focus on technologies without considering cultural acceptability and 2) projects lack monitoring, evaluation, and project revision. Over the past five years, Engineers Without Borders (EWB) at the UC-Davis partnered with the Rural Agency for Sustainable Development (RASD) in Nkokonjeru, Uganda, to implement sustainable point of use (POU) water systems. POU systems (i.e. Filtron clay pot filters, solar disinfection, chlorine treatment, and colloidal silver) were tested and implemented at RASD’s training center in Nkokonjeru. While all of the systems effectively removed pathogens, cultural appropriateness and education were the most important drivers of project acceptance. After a one-year assessment, it was determined that community preference was driven by transparency of treatment method, cost, stigma, and ease of use. Clay pot filters were preferred because of ease of use and physical particle removal capabilities. However, high cost, lack of local production and transportation difficulties dictated that their use was not sustainable. Biosand filters were introduced as an alternative and although originally deemed to be too complicated, they have been accepted by the community and continue to be manufactured by RASD in Nkokonjeru.
Coil Pump Design for a Community Fountain in Zambia
Authors: Thompson Phillip L. , Milonova Sonya , Reha Meghan , Mased Faisal , Tromble Ian
Published: March 2018

The municipal water distribution system in Chirundu, Zambia is not affordable for many residents, so most families collect water, wash their clothes and socialize along the banks of the Zambezi River. The river is the native habitat for the Nile crocodile, and several fatal attacks have occurred at this site. Using locally available materials, a team of engineering students from Seattle University designed a waterwheel and coil pump to provide 30 liters of water per minute to a safe gathering area 30 meters onshore and at an elevation of 10 meters above the river. The team also sized a water storage system and designed a series of washbasins for the site. Local residents were able to improve the design and construction of the pump, and it has performed for up to two months without maintenance. The coil pump has the potential to provide crop irrigation for many neighboring communities. For this to be a sustainable technology, the pump’s rotating joint must be carefully fabricated.
Formal Service Learning Opportunities: Engineering Internships in Social Entrepreneurship Organizations
Authors: Saviz Camilla M. , Fernandez Abel A. , Basha Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2018

Over the past three years, a collaboration between the School of Engineering  and the ABC Center for DEF at the University of the XYZ has provided students with internship opportunities at five different social entrepreneurship organizations distributed among six countries.  The summer internship program administered by the ABC Center seeks to provide an enriching experience for participants, to raise awareness of the broad application of social entrepreneurship across different disciplines, and provide qualified student assistance to organizations seeking specific help.  Working with the socially entrepreneurial organization, students were required to apply problem-solving skills in environments where language, culture, technical support, and supervision were very different from levels experienced during their more ‘traditional’ internships in the United States. These internships in social entrepreneurship allowed students to learn first-hand that successfully implementing projects in other countries requires strong technical skills and a fundamental understanding of local cultural, political, and contextual factors.  At the institutional level, lessons learned included the importance of forming strategic partnerships to increase opportunities and capitalize on limited resources, and the need to use existing frameworks to facilitate student involvement in such service-learning opportunities.
Wastewater Treatment for a Coffee Processing Mill in Nicaragua: A Service-Learning Design Project
Authors: Marsolek Michael D. , Cummings Patrick K. , Alcantara Joshua T. , Wynne Michael , Quintero Luis F. , Vallejos Carlos , Jackels Charles F. , Jackels Susan C.
Published: March 2018

An undergraduate capstone design project team consisting of candidates for the BS degree in Civil and Environmental Engineering and faculty designed a wastewater treatment facility for a coffee processing mill in rural Nicaragua.  The team visited Nicaragua to interview the client community, survey the actual site, and hold discussions with local development agencies, agricultural cooperatives, and potential contractors.  Three alternative designs were developed, and the community chose one involving a settling basin and a series of three infiltration pits. The treatment system is expected to meet MARENA discharge standards for pH, turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of discharge wastewater.  The project team further secured sufficient funding from Tetra Tech, an environmental consulting firm, to build the coffee mill and the water treatment facility.  On a subsequent visit, the mill and treatment facility were seen to be well constructed and functional.  Several important lessons regarding international service learning design projects were learned: the need for a large cost overrun buffer; the utility of having contributors on-site during both important decision making stages and construction; the value of working with local organizations to facilitate remote work projects;  the possibility of private sponsorship and partnership for charitable projects;  and the need to work with the community to design and select appropriate technologies.
Designing a Portable Gynecological Examination Table: Improving Access to Antenatal Care in Rural Ghana
Authors: Perosky Joseph E. , Rabban Rebecca N. , Bradshaw James G. T. , Gienapp Adam P. , Ofosu Anthony A. , Sienko Kathleen H.
Published: March 2018

Regular pelvic examinations and health care visits are important preventative measures for maintaining maternal health. However, in rural settings within the least developed countries, poor travel conditions, lack of resources, social constraints, lack of educational opportunities, and economic limitations make it difficult for women to receive proper healthcare during pregnancy. The goal of this design project is to diminish the barrier of transportation to secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities and services by developing a portable gynecological examination table for use by Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) workers in the Sene District, Ghana. Design for global health is a topic of increasing importance and places new constraints on the engineering design process. Throughout the design process, Ghanaian and American clinicians were interviewed in order to obtain user requirements for the initial prototype. These requirements were translated into engineering specifications, and brainstorming and functional decomposition were performed in order to generate solution concepts. In agreement with the engineering specifications and the outcomes of quality function deployment (QFD) and Pugh charts, a portable gynecological examination table prototype was designed that 1) supports a weight of 142 kg while only weighing 10 kg, 2) can be folded into a 17.8×50.8×50.8 cm3 volume enabling transportation by backpack, 3) costs less than $100, 4) can be cleaned with bleach, and 5) has three adjustable back angles of 0, 30, and 60 degrees. This prototype was fabricated and then evaluated in Ghana, brought back to the UNIVERSITY, and redesigned. The redesigned prototype was evaluated to meet the specifications for table weight, support weight, ability to be cleaned, and durability in a laboratory testing. The table was then returned to Ghana, where acceptance of the design and its usability were assessed by interviewing and surveying midwives, physicians, and mothers.
Evaluation of Water Treatment Systems for Medical Clinics
Authors: Thompson Phillip L. , Kemly Chris R. , Connell Amanda , Nolan Kathryn V. , Jacobs, Jr. David , Ongoco Gerald Omar A.
Published: March 2018

A Seattle University senior engineering design team evaluated the treatment performance of a point-of-use microfiltration-ultraviolet light (MF-UV) drinking water treatment system and of an ultrafiltration (UF) unit. The MF-UV system reduced turbidity by 70 percent and inactivated 100 percent of E.coli from model water. The UF system removed 100 percent of all turbidity and bacteria. The combined MF-UF-UV treatment system can provide up to 33,120 liters of water per day and meet basic human water needs at an annual cost of approximately US$0.80 per capita. To maintain safe water quality during transport and storage, on-site generated chlorine can be added to the MF-UF-UV treated water. The team evaluated the performance of a chlorine generator and confirmed that chlorine testing strips were excellent surrogates for the N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) colorimetric method. Public-private partnerships may be required to ensure long-term sustainability of these drinking water treatment systems in the developing world.
Service-Learning Cross-Cultural Collaboration: Sustainable Actions in an Elementary School, Bagaces, Costa Rica
Authors: Clevenger Caroline Murrie , Leigh Katharine
Published: March 2018

This paper examines the impact of the experience and learning outcomes from a problem-based service-learning opportunity carried out within the context of a travel course focused on sustainable design and construction. Through a partnership between professional programs from two institutions of higher education, students from XXX University travel to Costa Rica to meet their learning partners from the University of Costa Rica. During the travel course students participate in a service-learning project. The experience successfully emphasizes the power of service-learning to impact student values and thinking, reinforcing social and civic responsibility. As a mechanism to achieve cross-cultural understanding, this service-learning opportunity successfully invites exchange and appreciation of similarities as well as differences through collaborative problem solving, deepening student motivation to learn.
Effective Community Listening: A Case Study on Photovoice in Rural Nicaragua
Authors: Aslam Ali , Pearson-Beck Matthew , Boots Rachel , Mayton Holly , Link Sara , Elzey Dana
Published: March 2018

Before beginning a service learning project, students and researchers must listen to the communities with whom they intend to work. By engaging in practical community listening activities, researchers can better understand local contexts and effectively solicit a community’s development needs. Photovoice is a very simple method that can be applied in service learning projects to help researchers understand the realities associated with their partner community. For service learning projects in unfamiliar settings, researchers should work closely with an experienced partner organization that understands a given community’s customs and culture. Applying Photovoice to development projects will facilitate problem identification, promote community empowerment, and assist in developing mutually-beneficial community partnerships. Photovoice creates a platform within a community for candid discussion about relevant issues, challenges, and needs for community-based development. In addition to improving the sustainability of service learning community partnerships, these activities enhance the resiliency of the projects that develop through community empowerment. This article outlines the significance of community listening in service learning projects, and it provides a case study of the Photovoice method that student researchers used when engaging with a rural Nicaraguan community.
Impacts of Service-Learning on the Professional Social Responsibility Attitudes of Engineering Students
Authors: Bielefeldt Angela R. , Canney Nathan
Published: March 2018

This research explored correlations between the social responsibility attitudes of engineering students and their participation in service-learning and/or extracurricular engineering service activities, such as Engineers Without Borders (EWB). Social responsibility attitudes were measured using a survey with fifty Likert items. The survey also collected information about students’ participation frequency in service-learning courses, EWB, and service trips. Survey responses were received from students at five institutions who were primarily in their first or senior year and majoring in civil, environmental, or mechanical engineering. Findings showed that incoming first-year students with higher frequency of service-learning participation during high school had higher average social responsibility. College service-learning courses had a beneficial impact on social responsibility attitudes. In open-ended responses, a number of students directly cited service-learning courses as impacting their views of social responsibility.  Students who participated in EWB had more positive social responsibility attitudes than students who did not participate in EWB. This is due, primarily, to students with high social responsibility opting into activities like EWB. Future research is needed to determine the specific aspects of the service-learning experiences that foster positive attitudes toward social responsibility in engineering students, such as types of structured reflection and reciprocal partnerships with the community.