bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stalled in the process to a transition: Implementation of differentiation in the school from the perspective of teachers
Authors: de Jonge-Hoekstra Lisette , Kupers Elisa , Bakker Alianne , de Boer Anke , Minnaert Alexander , Vermunt Jan D.
Published: October 2024

Differentiation is rarely investigated from a system perspective, while we need this to support teachers’ engagement in differentiated instruction and foster students’ learning. We interviewed teachers and interpreted their perspectives with the Implementation Science Framework and Complexity Leadership Theory. Teachers described many types of complex leadership, more absent than present implementation drivers, and many interactions between leadership and implementation drivers. Furthermore, teachers expressed constraints to and a couple of seized opportunities for differentiation. We conclude that the schools of this study’s teachers are stalled in the process to a transition to implementing differentiation, and offer suggestions for breaking that stall.
Seven Million Unnecessary Deaths: What the response to COVID-19 in different countries and in Red and Blue States tells us about human nature
Authors: Lassek William Day
Published: October 2024

Most of the 7.1 million current global COVID deaths could likely have been prevented if the initial behavioral response in Wuhan, China had been different. Since the virus has spread globally, national death rates have varied from less than 1 to 660 deaths per 100,000. If all countries had responded like neighboring countries in Asia, half of global deaths could have been prevented. The United States with 1.2 million COVID deaths, 17% of the global total, has one of the highest COVID death rates, more than five times higher than expected from age, income, and temperature and more than six times the rate in Japan, which has more elderly. Five-year age-adjusted COVID death rates in US states vary from 66 to 410 per 100,000 in Non-Hispanic Whites, a six-fold difference. The state’s percentage of Trump votes in 2020 explains 51% of these differences, with death rates 69% higher in high vs low percentage states overall and 225% higher in 2021, the year with the most deaths. Residents of states with more Trump votes have been half as likely to be vaccinated and to practice social distancing. If the US had responded to COVID like Japan, almost a million American lives would have been saved. If all states had responded like the best Blue State, Hawaii, more than 900,000 lives would have been spared. In addition, using death certificate data, we estimate that the prevalence of Long COVID is 2.7 times higher in states with more vs less Trump votes (10.5±2.3% vs 3.8±1.2%). We discuss how three mental traits evolved through natural and sexual selection may help to explain such dysfunctional behavioral responses to life threatening danger: the tendency to form dominance hierarchies, rampant ingroup favoritism, and the often lethal combination of risk taking and overconfidence, especially in males.
Feeling the body politic: The relationship between interoception and the impact of politics on our health
Authors: Von Mohr Mariana , Tsakiris Manos
Published: October 2024

There is growing concern about the impact of political engagement on health. Consequently, interest has increased in how people cope with the effects of politics on their wellbeing. We applied an affective science framework to investigate whether interoceptive sensibility, i.e., attunement to our inner bodily feelings, can attenuate the extent to which politics affect people’s health. In a US sample of Republican (n=311) and Democratic (n=321) supporters, we found that interoception can counteract the adverse effects of political engagement on citizens’ health, irrespective of their political party. Importantly, this protective function of interoception does not impact citizens’ political engagement and participation. If anything, people with higher interoceptive sensibility appear more resilient to the impact that politics can have on their health and are more likely to be politically engaged. These findings pave the way for new studies on the intricate and complex relations between embodiment, emotions and politics.
Where Does Language Aptitude Come From? Redux
Authors: Dale Philip , sparks richard lee
Published: October 2024

The author examines evidence for relationships among individual differences (IDs) in L1 ability, L2 aptitude, and L2 achievement. He begins by providing an overview of his journey from L1 educator to L2 researcher and explains the development of his Linguistic Coding Differences Hypothesis (LCDH). Next, he reviews Peter Skehan’s influential research on language aptitude and L1-L2 relationships and summarizes research showing that IDs in L1 ability are universal, can be identified early, and are stable over time. Then, he reviews his group’s research on L1-L2 relationships and IDs in L2 learning, focusing on their longitudinal studies and reporting two new studies that examine the relationship between L1 achievement and L2 aptitude on the MLAT. He posits that the development of L1 literacy leads to growth in metalinguistic awareness, which enhances L1 literacy skills, and that L1 literacy and metalinguistic awareness provide the foundation for L2 aptitude, the ability to use and understand “decontextualized” material. The author concludes by proposing an answer to the paper’s title.
Fire effects on vegetation and environmental variables in grasslands of the eastern hills (Sierras del Este), Uruguay
Authors: López Mársico Luis Antonio , Altesor Hafliger Alice , Lezama Felipe
Published: October 2024

Disturbances are biomass removal events and have global relevance as they are capable of causing changes in the structure and functioning of ecosystems over time. Fire is employed in grasslands as a management tool to release space and improve the quality of forage for livestock. This thesis evaluated the effects of fire, and in some cases the interaction with grazing, at different levels of organization and at different spatial-temporal scales, on the plant structure of a grassland community dominated by Saccharum angustifolium in the Sierras del Este region from Uruguay. Through a field study, the succession process was described in patches with different time since fire through a spatial chrono-sequence. Through a laboratory study, the effects of heat shock and smoke, at different levels of light intensity, on the germination of six native species were evaluated. By means of a field experiment, along three growing stations, the effects of fire-grazing interaction on the structure of vegetation at different levels of organization were analyzed. Field burning carried out in a patchy and asynchronous manner seemed to be necessary to maintain heterogeneity at a landscape scale and the diversity of the community in the Sierras del Este grasslands.
THE ROLE OF PROGRAMMING AND ROBOTICS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING
Authors:   Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Tolmachov Volodymyr , Mykhailovskyi Denys ,   Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University
Published: October 2024

Дослідженороль програмування та робототехніки врозвитку критичного мислення учнів. Проанлізовано останні дослідження та публікації, що стосуються впливу цих сфер на освіту. Мета статті полягає в з'ясуванні важливості навчання програмування та робототехніки для розвитку критичного мислення, а також у висвітленні перспектив цих дисциплін у сучасній освіті. Також розглянуто виклики, з якими стикаються школи та вчителі під часу провадження цих дисциплін, і запропоновано рішення для успішної інтеграції програмування та робототехніки в освітній процес.
Presentación a la edición de 2024
Authors: Nivón Bolán Eduardo
Published: October 2024

Esta edición de La política cultural: temas, problemas y oportunidades nace del interés y la generosidad de los profesores y alumnos de la licenciatura en Gestión Cultural del Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO) de Guadalajara, especialmente del maestro Alfonso Hernández Barba, quien me lo propuso. Para mí representó un motivo de gran alegría que el colectivo del ITESO considerara que este texto fuera aún vigente y mantuviera su utilidad para la formación de gestores culturales. Más satisfacción, si cabe, fue saber del interés de RGC Ediciones, a través de Emiliano Fuentes Firmani, de realizar una coedición de este trabajo, lo que resulta una alianza feliz por lo que va significar para la circulación del libro en América del Sur. Al ITESO y a RGC Ediciones expreso en estas líneas mi más profunda gratitud.
Introducción
Authors: Jiménez Lucina
Published: October 2024

A pesar de que México es un país con una larga tradición en el campo de las políticas públicas de la cultura, no contamos con una amplia bibliografía sobre el tema, y menos aún con una que fomente nuevas perspectivas. Salvo los textos publicados por Néstor García Canclini y otros investigadores de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Iztapalapa, donde se ha impulsado el estudio de la cultura en sus múltiples dimensiones y del cual forma parte el autor de este libro, Eduardo Nivón, casi no hay bibliografía actualizada.
Indicators of support-spring properties of the foot of schoolchildren with sensory deprivation in the process of adaptive physical education
Authors: Afanasyev S. M. , Bandura V. A. , Decyk T. E. , Dyshel G. O.
Published: October 2024

Based on the data of scientific and methodological work, it was determined that the musculoskeletal system of a person has many functions, the starting points of which are the provision of support, protection and body movements. The foot is the source of upright walking of human organs. In the conditions of natural locomotion, it is the foot that performs not only the function of support, but also organizes the interaction of the human body with the support surface. It is known that the process of development of the musculoskeletal system of schoolchildren occurs under the influence of various factors, including pathogenic ones. As a result, the musculoskeletal system undergoes certain changes, including pathological ones. The purpose of the article is to analyze the morphological features of 7- year-old schoolchildren with sensory deprivation in the process of adaptive physical education, as a prerequisite for the development of a technology for the formation of statodynamic stability. The study found an increase in the number of schoolchildren with sensory deprivation who were diagnosed with postural disorders. It is possible to note the prevalence of stooping in this contingent. In the formation of the support-spring function of the foot of schoolchildren, there is a complex dynamic of the formation of their lower limbs.
Triad of female athletes
Authors: Barladyn O. , Vakulenko L. , Khrabra S. , Hrushko V. , Veremchuk O.
Published: October 2024

The female sports triad is a spectrum of dysfunctions related to energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density. Energy availability is considered the trigger for the triad. Scientists have proven that women who do sports consume approximately 30% less energy and carbohydrates in relation to their body weight. Sufficient energy availability ensures the presence of a menstrual cycle, directly affects the stimulation of the production of female sex hormones (estrogen in particular). Thus, it prevents resorption of bone tissue.
When energy availability is too low, a physiological mechanism reduces the amount of energy used for cell maintenance, thermoregulation, growth, and reproductive function. This compensation tends to restore energy balance and promotes survival, but impairs health.
Low body weight in women of reproductive age, particularly in adolescence and the first reproductive age, is a biological marker of somatic and reproductive dysfunction. Osteoporosis in young female athletes is manifested by fractures unusual for young women or by frequent and multiple bone fractures during an athletic career.
In this review article, an analytical review of literary and informational sources regarding the history of research on the problem of the triad of female athletes is carried out. The specifics of the negative impact of the athlete triad on the female body, the components of the athlete triad (amenorrhea, eating disorders, and osteoporosis) are examined in detail. The article focuses on its main cause - energy imbalance. The impact of the triad of female athletes on the psyche and behavior is considered. The question of its consequences for health both in the short-term and in the long-term perspective is considered. The prevention of RED-S syndrome was also investigated.
The purpose of the study: Systematization of current knowledge about the triad of female athletes (relative energy deficiency syndrome (RED-S)).
Research methods. Theoretical analysis of literary sources, systematization, generalization of scientific-methodical and special literature.
Methodology for improving the physical fitness of qualified goalkeepers in football through fitness means
Authors: Hrybovska N. O. , Zanevskyy I. P.
Published: October 2024

The article substantiates a methodology for improving the physical fitness of qualified football goalkeepers using health- related fitness. The need for developing alternative training programs for goalkeepers in football has been clarified. The methodology for enhancing the physical fitness of qualified goalkeepers in football includes health-related fitness means and prioritizes an individual approach. The use of fitness tools allows for conducting individual sessions aimed at improving the functional and physical fitness of goalkeepers in football. Thus, the foundation of the methodology consists of exercises using Stick Mobility gymnastic sticks, which have replaced traditional exercises from the Pilates and yoga systems; exercises aimed at activating the myofascial lines of the body; exercises for developing explosive strength; and myofascial release exercises, which have replaced traditional stretching exercises.
The author's methodology for the individual training of qualified goalkeepers in football was designed for 4 morphocycles during the preparatory period by the training camp schedule based on the competition calendar. The use of fitness means allowed for conducting individual sessions to improve goalkeepers' functional and physical fitness in football.
Results of the rehabilitation program for patients after suting the meniscues according to the "all-inside" method
Authors: Hrubar Yuriy , Nestorovych Anna , Grubar Markian , Hrubar Iryna
Published: October 2024

The menisci play an important role in the functioning of the knee joint. Ruptures of the menisci cause significant changes in joint kinematics, which is one of the prerequisites for the development of early osteoarthritis. Suturing a torn meniscus prevents this complication. The aim of the study was to study the results of the implemented program of physical rehabilitation of patients after suturing vertical tears of the meniscus of the knee joint using the "all-inside" technique. 43 patients who underwent suturing of a vertical meniscus tear using the "all-inside" technique took part in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups. The first experimental group - 21 people who were given a rehabilitation program according to our method. The second group, the control group - 22 patients who underwent rehabilitation according to the existing program. In the process of rehabilitation measures, the intensity of pain in patients of the experimental group according to VAS significantly decreased (p < 0,001). Bending of the knee joint in the experimental group reached 96,42% of the normal, in the control group 78,57%. During the rehabilitation process, there was an increase in muscle tone and amplitude of the quadriceps muscle among patients in the experimental group.
Features of the construction of the training program dragon boat rowing at the initial stage of preparation
Authors: Ieremenko Nataliia , Jiale Liu
Published: October 2024

The article reveals ways to improve the physical training of rowing athletes at the stage of initial training in the preparatory period for rowing on Dragonboats.
Training in rowing at the stage of initial training is aimed at the harmonious development of all the main motor qualities of the athlete. At the same time, the training of rowers at this stage should ensure the versatile development of physical qualities.
It should be noted that the physical fitness of rowers is the main component of general fitness. It is also known that physical fitness is characterized by the level of functional capabilities of various body systems - cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular. Therefore, the fact that it is necessary to pay more attention to the development of physical qualities, which in turn will be aimed at improving the types of training necessary for an athlete, is so important. The purpose of the study: To analyze the activities of the State University of Secondary Education in rowing on the "Dragon" boats and the peculiarities of the construction of the training program on rowing on the Dragonboats at the initial stage of preparation. Methodology. An analysis of sports training was conducted on the basis of the Irpin State University of Dragonboat, in the period from May to July 2024, the work of coaches with groups of initial training, analysis of plans and documents was analyzed. In the experiment, 2 groups of primary training, approximately 20 children, were accepted to learn. The training plans, standards, and working programs of the coaches were analyzed. Conclusions: Methodically and correctly organized training sessions effectively improve the physical and functional readiness of young rowers, which not only contributes to the improvement of sports results, but also creates opportunities for a successful transition to training at the next stage of multi-year training. The use of training without taking into account the level of physical and functional fitness of athletes at the stage of preliminary basic training not only negatively affects the dynamics of sports results, but also the state of health of young men.
Justification of the effective sequence of group fitness classes with second mature women (45-55 years old)
Authors: Krupenya Svetlana , Lavrentiev Oleksandr , Zhivolovych Svetlana , Lysenko Serhiy
Published: October 2024

This article deals with issues that are aimed at the organization of strength training. First of all, it is necessary to note significant differences between women and men in terms of strength. In women, they are 15-20% lower than in men. Women have a lower tendency to gain muscle mass. This is primarily related to the hormonal background, since the male hormone testosterone is responsible for the growth of muscle mass, and its amount in the body of women is many times smaller than that of men. At the same time, women's ability to display strength indicators of leg muscles is close to men's.
Experts in age-related physiology note that at the age of 40-45, reverse processes begin in a woman's body. The main metabolism slows down, the productivity of various organs and systems decreases, the possibility of various pathological processes, chronic diseases, etc. increases. In connection with the decrease in the hormonal background, negative changes are observed in all organs and systems of the body. Blood pressure often rises, a tendency to osteoporosis appears, fat metabolism is disturbed, which often leads to an increase in body fat.
There are significant changes in the respiratory system, the vital capacity of the lungs decreases, the mobility of the chest decreases. After 40 years, there is a significant decrease in muscle strength in women. The elasticity of muscles, tendons, and joint performance is lost. At the same time, muscle tone decreases, which leads to negative changes in posture.
Pedagogical aspects of professional criminal liability of physical education teachers
Authors: Proskurov Evgeny , Kamaev Oleh
Published: October 2024

The article considers the existing problem of the need for legal protection for mandatory workers in the field of physical education. This category of employees includes physical education teachers of state-owned secondary schools, since the Law on Physical Education and Sports, Article 26 (Physical Education in the Sphere of Education), states that classes for this category of employees are mandatory, which means that automatically these employees are professionally criminally responsible under Article 137 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine "Improper performance of duties regarding the protection of the life and health of children", i.e. this applies to cases of various severity regardless of the circumstances of their occurrence, if only the investigation establishes that this teacher conducted classes with this injured student. In the course of the research, a pedagogical analysis of laws was carried out with the aim of identifying articles or provisions that belong to the legislative and legal protection of the professional risk of physical education workers. The existing safety instructions were consistently reviewed in order to find alternative actions for the justification of this category of workers, at the same time an analysis of the directions of legal safety protection of the existing professional risk offered by the main book of the field of theory and methods of physical education was carried out. Based on the data of the conducted questionnaire, the common factors of professional risk of physical culture teachers were established. The following steps have been chosen as ways to eliminate this problem: to involve the industry in cooperation with the justice authorities regarding the provision of reliable legal protection for its employees, since according to Article 54 of the Law on Education, Section 6, participants in the educational process, which talks about the rights and obligations of pedagogical, scientific- pedagogical and scientific employees and other persons involved in the educational process, that they have the right to safe and harmless working conditions. And this means that their educational branch, to which they belong, has the full right to provide modern one hundred percent legal protection for its employees in relation to their professional activities, which will prohibit the investigation from starting criminal cases using the professional actions of teachers and lecturers (means, methods, techniques, incentives, etc.) as material evidence for the accusation, regardless of the gravity of the circumstances and the consequence.
Features of the use of throws in the section demonstration of applied technology hand-to-hand combat
Authors: Radchenko Yuri , Krutov Vasyl , Kosyuchenko Vasyl
Published: October 2024

Actuality. A characteristic feature of hand-to-hand combat is the technique demonstration section. Applied hand-to-hand combat fully corresponds to the specifics of solving operational tasks without and with the use of weapons by representatives of various military and law enforcement agencies. It is known that in certain types of martial arts, throwing is a means of achieving an advantage over an opponent, so these technical elements are often used to solve competitive or operational-service tasks. Athletes from hand-to-hand combat during competitive activities, as well as law enforcement officers during the performance of operative tasks quite often use throwing equipment. But, despite the similarity of technical performance, the use of throwing technique in the application section of hand-to-hand combat has its own characteristics. It is clear that the characteristics of hand- to-hand combat require new approaches to the construction of the training process of the combat direction, which differ from the classical types of martial arts. Research results. Competitive activity from the applied section of hand-to-hand combat fully corresponds to the specifics of solving operational-service tasks without and with the use of weapons by representatives of various power structures. Throwing technique is one of the main tools for solving a competitive task. The use of the throwing technique depends on the type of attack and has its own characteristics and patterns for effective execution. The most versatile throwing action is the rear leg throw. In certain types of threats: with a knife or a gun - the use of throwing techniques is impractical. Catching and reaching create conditions for the use of a large number of options for various throws, most of which are performed with the help of the body. Conclusions. It has been established that in hand-to-hand combat, throws are an important component of the technical arsenal for solving competitive tasks, both in the duel section and in the technique demonstration section, but the features of hand-to-hand combat do not create an opportunity to immediately throw the opponent, it is necessary to carry out preliminary offensive or defensive actions with a simultaneous reduction of the distance and by capturing or covering individual parts of the opponent's body or clothing. The main feature of the performance is maintaining balance in the rack position for further technical actions. The use of throws from certain classification groups depends on the type of attack. Threats in the form of captures and captures have the greatest variability for the use of throws, and a universal and effective means of using counterattacking actions (throws) from various types of attack from a practical point of view is the back step. In case of a threat with a knife or a gun, taking into account the specifics of this type of attack, the use of throwing techniques to repel the attack is impractical.
Organizational and methodical features of the application of the game method in the educational process of teenagers in institutions of general secondary education
Authors: Sembrat S.V. , Trotsenko V.V. , Pogrebnyi V.V. , Kryvenko Yu.O.
Published: October 2024

The article highlights the organizational and methodological features of using the game method in the educational process of teenagers in institutions of general secondary education. This methodological approach allows solving the process of assimilation of educational material against the background of timely prevention or removal of mental fatigue. The use of the game method strengthens the effect of the integration of educational and cognitive activities.
Today, in the socio-economic and political life of Ukraine, it is becoming necessary to radically revise the sphere of education and upbringing.
It is possible to raise a person successfully only by appropriate methods, which hide the attractiveness of education and training itself. One such method is the game method. Games act as a means of physical education and as a method of organizing a children's team. Through play, the child enters the world of knowledge, begins to learn the alphabet of science against a positive emotional background, and acquires spiritual values. While playing, children feel the joy of realizing their physical and mental strengths, which is an indispensable condition for development.
Domestic and foreign scientists, teachers, physiologists, and doctors determined the unique influence of physical culture on a child's health. However, it is obvious that most teenagers do not believe in the importance of physical education. Physical activity did not become the main component of their lifestyle.
PREFERENTIAL FINANCING PROGRAMS AS ONE OF THE TOOLS FOR IMPLEMENTING INVESTMENT PROJECTS OF THE ENGINEERING DIVISION OF ROSATOM STATE CORPORATION
Authors:   Atomstroyexport (ASE) JSC, TITOV A.B.
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the changes in the conditions for the implementation of investment projects of the Engineering Division of Rosatom State Corporation as a result of the sanctions burden and changes in general economic situation. The influence of the key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on investment activity and the choice of sources of financing investment projects is shown. At the present stage, preferential financing programs are becoming particularly important as an effective tool for implementing investment projects. Analysis and monitoring of their use is presented in this article.
Effects of Herbal Safflower Oil on Longevity and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Coşkun Rüveyda , Ayar Arif
Published: October 2024

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants. Safflower oil, separated from its seeds, has superior properties than many vegetable oils. In this study, it was aimed to determine the toxic, antitoxic or antioxidant effects of safflower oil. For this purpose, 72±4-hour old larvae of the Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) model organism Oregon R wild strain were used. According to the preliminary studies, application doses were determined as 0.3125%; 0.625%; 1.25%, and 2.5%. In addition, distilled water, ascorbic acid, and H2O2 control groups were formed and the toxic or antitoxic effects of using them separately or together on the larvae were investigated. In addition, the lifespan of individuals that matured from larvae were studied and antioxidant parameters (TAS/TOS/OSI) were examined in male individuals fed at the doses with the best results. All experimental sets were repeated three times. As a result, it was determined that Safflower oil does not cause any toxic effect on the larvae at the concentrations used; on the contrary, when used with H2O2, it has a reduced toxic effect. As a result of the longevity studies of safflower oil, it was observed that the longest average life was in the %1.25 Safflower Oil + H2O2 application group with 65±1.09 days. It was determined from the data obtained from antioxidant studies that the antioxidant capacity of safflower oil was high, but this result was not statistically significant compared to the control group Ascorbic acid (p>0.05).
Analisis Kestabilan Model Penyebaran Penyakit Antraks pada Populasi Ternak dengan Transmisi Tak Langsung dan Penggunaan Desinfektan
Authors: Nur Wahyudin , Renggawati Rini , Dayasin  , Nurfasilah  , Alam Syaherna , Yanti Rista , Darmawati
Published: October 2024

Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. This disease causes a fairly high mortality rate in livestock populations that can threaten food security in a region. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent and control its spread. This study aims to examine the model of the spread of anthrax disease in a livestock population by considering indirect transmission and the use of disinfectants. The constructed model is expressed as a system of ordinary differential equations. Dynamical analysis is carried out to identify the stability properties of the disease-free equilibrium point. The results of the dynamical analysis show that the disease-free equilibrium point is conditionally stable, namely when the basic reproduction number is less than one. In addition, the results of numerical experiments show that the use of disinfectants has a significant effect on the dynamics of the spread of anthrax disease, namely the higher the rate of bacterial death due to disinfectants, the fewer cases of anthrax. This study shows that the use of disinfectants can be an effective strategy to control the spread of anthrax disease in livestock populations.
Sifat Kekonvergenan Lemah pada Ruang Bernorma beserta Operator pada Ruang Barisan Konvergen Lemah
Authors: Marabi Djala Yusuf Betzelial
Published: October 2024

The concept of weak convergence is generated by “weakening” the existing convergence properties in normed spaces. The outcome of this article is to prove the basic properties of weak convergence, the space of weakly convergent sequence is a Banach space and the operators from the space of weakly convergent sequence to other sequence spaces (l1(X),lp(X), linfty(X),S(X) ) and vice versa are linear and bounded .
Gestión organizacional en la retención de estudiantes en programas de posgrado: una revisión de alcance
Authors: Valencia Quecano Lira Isis
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Los gobiernos promueven la educación posgradual para maximizar beneficios como la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades que mejoran la empleabilidad, estabilidad laboral y salarios de los profesionales, resultando en una mejor calidad de vida. La educación posgradual no solo mejora las perspectivas individuales, sino que también contribuye al desarrollo socioeconómico, convirtiéndose en una herramienta estratégica crucial. Esta investigación se enfoca en analizar las variables institucionales que influyen en la deserción de estudiantes en programas de maestría y doctorado. Metodología: Utilizando el modelo PRISMA (2020), se llevó a cabo una revisión exhaustiva, obteniendo 32 artículos de investigación sobre factores que afectan la decisión de los estudiantes de desertar o permanecer en programas de posgrado. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron seis variables principales que afectan la gestión organizacional y la permanencia estudiantil: falta de programas de financiamiento, ausencia de políticas institucionales de apoyo, diseño curricular inadecuado, poca interacción docente-estudiante, falta de estrategias de acompañamiento y deficiencias en la infraestructura. Conclusiones: Este estudio proporciona información valiosa para diseñar estrategias que promuevan la permanencia estudiantil y reduzcan la deserción, destacando la importancia de una gestión organizacional efectiva y un apoyo institucional sólido para el éxito en programas de posgrado.
STABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE POSTS UNDER SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM LOADING
Authors:   Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Bekirova M.
Published: October 2024

The behavior of hinged support at the ends of the rack with initial bending under the action of load is considered. Spring rods are arranged symmetrically. The rack has an initial bend, compressed by forces constant in time. All real elements have one or another imperfections in the form of technological bends, therefore, they begin to bend from the very beginning of the load. The load, when it is exceeded even by an infinitesimally small amount, there is a loss of stability of this type of deformation, is called critical. In the calculation of stability under the long-term action of external forces, it is necessary to determine the load, at which the rate of movement in time monotonically decays. Solving the problem in such a setting is acceptable for systems, the development of movements of which in time leads to a change in the stress state. This condition for a compressed rack is fulfilled only in the presence of initial imperfections (initial bending, off-center application of compressive force, etc.). When solving the problems of the theory of stability, taking into account the creep of the material plays an important role. Creep can be limited in time or unlimited. When solving the problem of the stability of racks with initial imperfections, made of a material that has creep and reinforced with elastic rods, the following assumptions are made: 1) the hypothesis of flat sections is considered valid; 2) the deformations of the creeping material and the elastic rods at the points of contact are the same; 3) the modulus of deformations during stretching and compression are equal; 4) the creep material works in the stretched zone without the appearance of cracks. The relationship between deformations and elasticities in the material of the rack is established by a formula based on the linear relationship between deformations and elasticities. The creep rate of concrete is based on the hereditary theory of aging. In the work, an integro-differential equation was obtained - the equation of slow motion of the rod, expressions were obtained for the study of bends in any at what point in time, the formula for determining the critical force with long-term load action is derived.
NEURONET MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF HUMAN-MACHINE COMMUNICATION AND RECOGNITION
Authors:   Odessa National Maritime University, Kyrylov S. , Kyrylova L. ,   Odessa National Maritime University, Suvorova S. ,   Penitentiary Academy Of Ukraine
Published: October 2024

The study is devoted to the neural network interpretation of the task of human-machine communication and recognition by multiple criteria, considered as a task of assignment. The main goal is to reduce this problem to a standard form, where the number of criteria groups is equal to the number of ranked documents. The study defined the architecture of a neural network and proposed the use of a network of binary neurons, which is a matrix of a certain dimension. The proposed ranking model is based on a neural network that contains arbitrary feedback. This allows the excitation to be transmitted back to the neuron, which contributes to the repeated performance of its function. However, in dynamic neural networks instability occurs, which is manifested in a random change in the states of neurons without reaching stationary states. The question of stability of the dynamics of such systems remains open. The considered discrete Hopfield neural network has the following characteristics: one layer of elements, each element is connected to all others, but not to itself; only one element is updated per stage; elements are updated in random order, but each is updated with the same frequency; the output function is binary (value "0" or "1"). A Hopfield neural network is recurrent: the output of the network is reused as input until a steady state is reached. After starting, the neural network changes its state, gradually moving to a stable mode, which allows identifying a plan for evaluating the process of human-machine communication according to a set of criteria. Random search procedures are used to refine the results. The proposed energy function is minimized to ensure that the constraints are met and the problem is solved. The constructed function reaches a minimum only in the states corresponding to the assignment plans. The definition of the network parameters is carried out by comparing the obtained functions with the energy function in general form. The practical implementation of the model demonstrated that Hopfield's neural network can be successfully applied to document ranking in human-machine communication and recognition systems, providing high accuracy and efficiency in solving ranking problems.
MODELING OF FIRE PROTECTION OF TRANSPARENT FACADE STRUCTURES WITH SPRINKLERS
Authors:   National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine, Maіboroda R. , Rashkevich N. ,   National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine, Otrosh Yu. ,   National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine, Balduk P. ,   Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: October 2024

The popularity of translucent materials in construction, especially in high-rise buildings, creates challenges for improving approaches to fire safety. Translucent designs have a limited. During a fire, they can quickly heat up, crack or even collapse, which helps the fire to spread to other parts of the building and increases the speed of fire spread. Practical methods and methods of limiting the spread of fire on building facades are considered in the work, including the use of fire eaves, protective screens made of fire-resistant material, limiting the area of the window opening, as well as the use of water irrigation. Water irrigation is an effective method of extinguishing fire and cooling facade elements, but its parameters, such as working pressure, water flow, location, etc., require careful research to achieve maximum efficiency. The purpose of this work is to use the PyroSim software complex to investigate the effectiveness of sprinklers for the protection of transparent structures on the facade of high-rise buildings and to determine their main parameters. With the help of PyroSim, a detailed three-dimensional model was created, which takes into account the complex geometric shapes of the building and the impact of fire protection systems, taking into account the features of translucent facades. In the course of research, structural elements that can affect the spread of fire and smoke are also taken into account, namely the characteristics of materials, fire load, installation of window openings. PyroSim, simulating the spread of a fire, made it possible to take into account heat and smoke flows, convective effects occurring during a fire, as well as the interaction of sprinklers with the heat load. The results of such modeling can be used to optimize the design of fire protection systems and ensure the compliance of building regulations with fire safety issues. In particular, modeling allows you to determine the most effective ways to place sprinklers, taking into account the specific conditions and structural features of the building. Thanks to this, it is possible not only to increase the level of protection of buildings against fires, but also to minimize the costs of installing and maintaining fire systems.
EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF THIN ORTHOTROPIC PLATES ON A TRIPARAMETRIC ELASTIC BASE
Authors:   Lutsk National Technical University, Delyavskyy M. , Mikulich S. ,   Lutsk National Technical University
Published: October 2024

The paper deals with the problem of studying the static equilibrium of thin orthotropic rectangular plates resting on a three-parameter elastic base. To solve this problem, a mathematical model of a thin reinforced concrete slab as a homogeneous orthotropic plate with an averaged Huber's modulus is constructed. A mathematical model of a three-parameter elastic foundation is proposed, taking into account the friction between the lower surface of the plate and the foundation. The developed method for analyzing the equilibrium of such plates allows obtaining an exact solution of the equilibrium equation, taking into account the boundary and surface conditions at individual nodes. During the numerical implementation of the developed approach, a procedure for generating such nodes is proposed. The solution of the equilibrium equation is presented as the sum of the deflection force functions and its shape functions multiplied by unknown parameters, which are interpreted as the degree of freedom of the plate. This approach made it possible to satisfy the boundary and surface conditions with high accuracy. On the basis of the obtained solutions, the stress-strain state of a thin homogeneous orthotropic square plate completely clamped along the contour is analyzed for the case when the plate is subjected to a distributed load on its upper part and rests on an elastic base. On the basis of the solutions obtained in this work and formulas obtained by other authors, a comparative analysis of the results for the case of three types of elastic bases is carried out: a three-parameter base, a Winkler base, and a plate with a free bottom surface. Based on numerical calculations, it was found that the elastic base significantly reduces the deflection, tilt and moment in the plate. The results obtained for the Winkler model and the three-parameter model differ by 3% and 1,5% for deflections and moments, respectively. It is established that the results obtained within the proposed model practically do not depend on the coefficient of friction between the lower surface of the plate and the foundation.
MECHANISMS OF PLASTIC DESTRUCTION OF ARCHES
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Soroka M.
Published: October 2024

The method of determining the limit load for double-hinged and hingeless arches of fixed and variable rigidity is considered. The calculation is performed using the limit equilibrium method. Arches under the influence of a vertical uniformly distributed load are considered. The cross section is taken in the form of a non-reinforced rectangle. The stress-strain state of an elastic-plastic material is described by the Prandtl diagram. The peculiarities of material deformation are that the yield limits in tension and compression are different. The determination of the limit load is based on taking into account only one factor - the bending moment. When a limiting moment occurs in the arch section, a plastic hinge is formed, which allows unlimited angular deformation without increasing the bending moment. When several plastic hinges are formed, the design diagram of the arch turns into a mechanism. Of course, this approach leads to inaccuracies in determining the limit load. However, at the first stage of the study, the task was to study in detail the features of the plastic mechanism of arch destruction. To study the limiting state of the arches, two methods were used - analytical calculation and numerical calculation using the finite element method. The use of two calculation methods allows you to control the results and increase their reliability. Using analytics, formulas were obtained to determine the limit load and coordinates of the sections where plastic hinges are formed. For arches of constant stiffness, formulas are written to determine the limit load, and for arches of variable stiffness, nonlinear equations are written, the solution of which allows us to find the limit load. For the numerical calculation, a simple method was used, when at each stage of the calculation the coordinate of the formation of the plastic hinge and the corresponding load were determined. The calculation program is written in APDL. As a result of the study, it was revealed that a hingeless arch, depending on the ratio of the lifting boom to the span, has three forms of plastic destruction, while a double-hinged arch has only one form of plastic destruction.
AVALIAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES TIPOS DE INÓCULOS DE KOMBUCHA COMO STARTER PARA FERMENTAÇÃO DE LEITE BOVINO E CAPRINO
Authors: Rabêlo Elisandra , Pereira dos Anjos Débora Ciriaco , Pedroza da Silva Suzana , Souza Porto Tatiana , Lira de Oliveira Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

Kombucha é uma bebida levemente doce e acidificada produzida através da fermentação de uma infusão de folhas ou chás, por uma cultura simbiótica de leveduras e bactérias. Alguns micro-organismos presentes nesta cultura também são capazes de fermentar lactose, o que torna possível a utilização da kombucha com starter na formulação de produtos lácteos fermentados como iogurte e bebidas lácteas, que se apresentam como produtos probióticos, que auxiliam no melhoramento da saúde humana. A maioria dos estudos que reportam a capacidade de fermentar lactose por culturas de kombucha são realizados utilizando leite bovino. Entretanto, o leite caprino também apresenta características nutricionais elevadas e menor alergenicidade, contudo devido aos ácidos graxos apresenta um sabor forte e característico, assim é necessário o desenvolvimento de novas formulações para este produto. Desse modo, o objetivo do trabalho foi produzir e avaliar bebidas lácteas fermentadas por kombucha a partir de leites bovino (LB) e caprino (LC). Para isto, na fermentação utilizou-se amostras leites pasteurizados (bovino e caprino) com a adição de 20% de inóculo de kombucha preparados a partir de chás verde e preto. Posteriormente, as bebidas obtidas foram avaliadas em termos de parâmetros físico-químicos, teor de fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante frente os radicais ABTS e DPPH. Foi observado que para ambos os tipos de leite, as bebidas preparadas com inóculos a base chá verde (LB: 1,45 g de ácido lático/100 g; LC: 1,25 g de ácido lático/100 g) apresentaram valores de acidez superiores aos obtidos para as obtidas por inóculos de chá preto (LB: 0,74 g de ácido lático/100 g; LC: 0,91 g de ácido lático/100 g). Por outro lado, uma tendencia contrária foi observada para os parâmetros proteína e cinzas, sendo o maior teor de proteína observado para a amostra de leite bovino fermentada com inóculo a base chá preto (3,67%). Com relação à atividade antioxidante, verificou-se que para o radical ABTS, não houve diferenças estatísticas entre as amostras. Entretanto, a maior capacidade sequestrante do radical DPPH (0,507 mM Trolox/mL) foi observada na amostra de leite caprino fermentada com inóculo a base chá verde, que também foi a que apresentou o maior teor de compostos fenólicos (73,69 mg EAG/100 mL). Os resultados obtidos, especialmente relacionados à atividade antioxidante são um indicativo do potencial de utilização de culturas de kombucha como starter para fermentação de leite, sobretudo no desenvolvimento de novos produtos com leite caprino.