bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Like It Cold: Fetishism in Billy Wilder's Double Indemnity
Authors: Manon Hugh S
Published: September 2005

This essay employs psychoanalytic theory to identify a fetishistic imperative in the perfect crime that Walter Neff endeavors to commit in Billy Wilder's Double Indemnity. By favoring ongoing manipulation over goal attainment and satisfaction, Walter Neff engages in a virtuoso cover-up that represents a paradigmatic noir deception, inviting viewers to fantasize that there may always be "more than meets the eye."
Side of the Angels: Dalton Trumbo, the Hollywood Trade Press, and the Blacklist
Authors: Palmer Tim
Published: September 2005

This essay recontextualizes Dalton Trumbo, HUAC, and the blacklist by analyzing Trumbo's personal archives, his writings in the Hollywood trade press, his work in the Screen Writers' Guild as editor of its official journal, The Screen Writer, and his pivotal role in the anti-HUAC debates before he was imprisoned.
Yongzheng Dynasty and Chinese Primetime Television Drama
Authors: Zhu Ying
Published: September 2005

This essay contextualizes the phenomenal success, in the late 1990s, of the Chinese primetime television drama Yongzheng Dynasty. It provides a formal analysis of the show from a comparative perspective and discusses its role in cultivating Chinese primetime drama as an economically viable and a culturally significant enterprise.
A Longitudinal Study of Chickering and Reisser's Vectors: Exploring Gender Differences and Implications for Refining the Theory
Authors: Foubert John , Nixon Monica L , Sisson V. Shamim , Barnes Amy C
Published: September 2005

A racially mixed random sample of 247 students at a midsized public university in the Southeast completed the Student Development Task and Lifestyle Inventory at the beginning of their first year, beginning of their sophomore year, and end of their senior year (Winston, Miller & Prince, 1987). Results showed partial support of Chickering and Reisser's theory of development in that students progressed in their development along three measured vectors throughout their college career. Results contradicted the assumption that developing purpose is a vector experienced only toward the end of one's college career. Important gender differences also emerged, particularly regarding issues of tolerance. Results are discussed in light of reconsideration of the theory and implications for student affairs practice.
Experiences of Korean Female Doctoral Students in Academe: Raising Voice Against Gender and Racial Stereotypes
Authors: Green Denise O'Neil , Kim Eunyoung
Published: September 2005

The experiences of South Korean female students studying at American postsecondary institutions have been little examined in relation to gender and racial stereotypes. This qualitative inquiry explores the stereotypes encountered by Korean female doctoral students, their personal coping strategies, and their perceptions of gender equality while pursuing their academic aspirations at an American university.
Sense of Identity and Collegiate Academic Achievement
Authors: Lounsbury John W , Huffstetler Beverly C , Leong Frederick T. L , Gibson Lucy W
Published: September 2005

In a sample of 434 university freshmen, Sense of Identity was found to be positively related to GPA, even controlling for the Big Five personality traits of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Extraversion, and Openness. Similar correlations were found for racial and gender subgroups. When all study variables entered a stepwise multiple regression analysis to predict GPA variance, Sense of Identity accounted for 9%; Emotional Stability, 1%. Results were discussed vis-a-vis Chickering and Reisser's (1993) and Hamrick, Evans, and Schuh's (2002) emphasis on identity as a key outcome of college student development. Directions for future research and study limitations were described.
Toward a Model of Racial Justice Ally Development
Authors: Reason Robert Dean , Roosa Millar Elizabeth A , Scales Tara C
Published: September 2005

This paper explores the experiences of White college students as they make sense of their race and their roles in racial justice movements. Findings from two separate but related qualitative studies, when viewed together, result in an exploratory model of racial justice ally development. Racial justice allies are White students who actively work against the system of oppression that maintains their power. The model presented in this paper explores how college affects the development of racial justice allies, which may allow student affairs professionals to more effectively encourage this type of development.
Student Learning Community of Practice: Making Meaning of the Student Learning Imperative and Principles of Good Practice in Student Affairs
Authors: Smith Scott F , Rodgers Robert F. (Robert Floyd)
Published: September 2005

This ethnomethodological case study analysis explored and described how The Student Learning Imperative (American College Personnel Association, 1994), Principles of Good Practice for Student Affairs (American College Personnel Association & National Association of Student Personnel Administrators, 1996), and Good Practice in Student Affairs (Blimling & Whitt, 1999) are understood and utilized as guides to design and implement practice in a student affairs division. The Senior Student Affairs Officer (SSAO) provided leadership and direction to shape and cultivate a student learning approach to practice. Staff members developed an organizational ethos that is aligned with several of the guiding principles. Patterns and processes of congruence and incongruence that emerged from the ethos were compared with the principles espoused by the guiding documents. Incongruence demonstrated that three communities of practices were at work in this division of student affairs that includes a learning, services, or consumer mission. A focus on learning was not the primary mission for each functional area. Most functional areas with either services or consumerism as their primary mission did develop a secondary learning mission.
The Relationship of Spiritual Beliefs and Involvement with the Experience of Anger and Stress in College Students
Authors: Winterowd Carrie , Harrist Steve , Thomason Nancy , Worth Sheri , Carlozzi Barbara
Published: September 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of spiritual beliefs and involvement with anger and stress in college students. The spirituality scales were positively related to perceived stress and most of the anger subscales. When stress was controlled, the spirituality subscales still contributed significantly to anger.
Merit-Making Capitalism: Re-territorializing Thai Buddhism in Silicon Valley, California
Authors: Bao Jiemin
Published: September 2005

This article examines how middle-class Thai Americans in Silicon Valley, California, conflate Thai Buddhism with capitalism, and how they convert economic capital into symbolic capital through merit-making. Moreover, it considers the effects of transnational migration on the re-territorialization of Buddhism and the social recognition of Thais in the United States. The ethnography shows that there are more than one set of criteria for potential convertibility in heterogeneous American society, and that some capitals are convertible only within the Thai American community. Despite such constraints, the community bonds with the Thai royal family, high-ranking monks, and the Thai elite, and also forges class alliances with men and women of diverse ethnic, racial, and religious backgrounds in the process of merit-making, articulating their "Thai-ness," and displaying their class status.
Apparatus: Theresa Hak Kyung and the Politics of Form
Authors: Kim Sue J
Published: September 2005

This article questions the widespread notion that the disruption of aesthetic forms by marginal writers necessarily constitutes political resistance. It locates Theresa Hak Kyung Cha's work within the politically ambivalent avant-grade aestheticsÑincluding New Wave film and psychoanalytic film theoryÑexplored in Cha's earlier anthology, Apparatus: Cinematographic Apparatus. Situating Cha's work within its aesthetic contexts demonstrates that it is oppositional not only because its form is unconventional, but also because it responds to an increasingly depoliticized formalism and a problematic notion of a passive subject-viewer in modern/postmodern art and art theory by reasserting the importance of history and human agency.
Extraordinary Circumstances, Exceptional Practices: Music in Japanese American Concentration Camps
Authors: Waseda Minako
Published: September 2005

This article explores the socio-psychological impact of music on Japanese internees during World War II. The internment of Japanese Americans interrupted their socio-economic development and identity. Yet, it provided them with exceptional opportunities for music-making. For the internees, music was an important means for creating hope, cohesion, resistance, and a sense of identity, yet for the camp authorities, the same music was understood to be a mechanism for relieving the internees' anger and anxiety and controlling their behavior. Promoted by both the internees and the camp authorities for their own benefits, music thrived in concentration camps, fulfilling multiple functions that were specifically demanded of it by the extreme circumstances created by the internment.
Shadows of Instruction: Optics and Classical Authorities in Kepler's Somnium
Authors: Chen-Morris Raz
Published: September 2005

Kepler's Somnium is a fantastical story about the world on the moon. It presents a heliocentric world-picture established through a total conversion of the meaning and place of observation in the hierarchy of knowledge. This epistemological program is construed through a critical adaptation of Lucian's "True Story," and Plutarch's "The Face on the Moon." Utilizing his new optics, embodied in the Camera obscura, Kepler inverts the meaning of these classical texts together with the reader's point of view. Astronomical knowledge is vindicated and scientific observation is the only way out of an obscure and mannerist dream.
Dilthey's Philosophy of Religion in the "Critique of Historical Reason": 1880-1910
Authors: Crowe Benjamin D
Published: September 2005

Religion was an important subject of Dilthey's philosophical reflections. In this essay, I examine this largely untouched thematic area, focusing in particular on one period in his career. My thesis is that the core of Dilthey's philosophy of religion is what I call the "immanence thesis." This is a claim that Dilthey employs in interpreting various phenomena of religious life. Dilthey's view is that religious myths and symbols are ways of articulating the immanent "meaning" or "sense" of historical life. This thesis ties various strands in Dilthey's philosophy of religion into a coherent whole.
Intellectual History in a Global Age
Authors: Kelley Donald R.
Published: September 2005

The history of ideas is an interdisciplinary field that began as an offshoot of the history of philosophy and was transformed by notions of perspective and cultural context drawn from the tradition of historical studies. The result is the practice of intellectual history, which has been carried out between the poles of inquiry commonly known as internalist and externalist, corresponding to mental phenomena and collective behavior in cultural surroundings. These are not opposed but rather complementary methods, and intellectual history may be seen as the inside of cultural history and cultural history as the outside of intellectual history, the intellectual historian's task being to bring the two into alliance.
Intellectual History as History
Authors: Levine Joseph M.
Published: September 2005

The history of ideas is an interdisciplinary field that began as an offshoot of the history of philosophy and was transformed by notions of perspective and cultural context drawn from the tradition of historical studies. The result is the practice of intellectual history, which has been carried out between the poles of inquiry commonly known as internalist and externalist, corresponding to mental phenomena and collective behavior in cultural surroundings. These are not opposed but rather complementary methods, and intellectual history may be seen as the inside of cultural history and cultural history as the outside of intellectual history, the intellectual historian's task being to bring the two into alliance.
Globalization and the History of Ideas
Authors: Megill Allan
Published: September 2005

The history of ideas is an interdisciplinary field that began as an offshoot of the history of philosophy and was transformed by notions of perspective and cultural context drawn from the tradition of historical studies. The result is the practice of intellectual history, which has been carried out between the poles of inquiry commonly known as internalist and externalist, corresponding to mental phenomena and collective behavior in cultural surroundings. These are not opposed but rather complementary methods, and intellectual history may be seen as the inside of cultural history and cultural history as the outside of intellectual history, the intellectual historian's task being to bring the two into alliance.
Francis Lodwick's Creation: Theology and Natural Philosophy in the Early Royal Society
Authors: Poole William
Published: September 2005

This paper examines the cosmological theories of Francis Lodwick (1619-94), the Fellow of the Royal Society, language theorist and close associate of Robert Hooke, concentrating on some unnoticed manuscripts he wrote on this issue. It is demonstrated that Lodwick's account of creation acts as a commentary on the opening chapters of Genesis, influenced in equal measures by the new corpuscular philosophy, and by the heretical, messianic ideas of the Frenchman Isaac La Peyrere, whose Prae-Adamitae (1655) so shocked European scholars. Such a conclusion emphasizes that in the case of Lodwick no clear distinction between biblical criticism and natural philosophy can be maintained, and that the theological ideas he brought to his vortical model of creation were strongly heretical. Such a situation contradicts the proposition insisted upon by early apologists for the Royal Society that the institutionalizing of scientific work would promote orthodox Christianity.
Doing Logic with a Hammer: Wittgenstein's Tractatus and the Polemics of Logical Positivism
Authors: Puchner Martin
Published: September 2005

This essay situates Wittgenstein's Tractatus and other writings of the Vienna Circle in the context of various political and artistic avant-garde movements of the early twentieth century. Despite the Circle's emphasis on logical analysis, its writings were drawn into the polemics that characterized avant-garde groups, in particular their reliance on manifestos. The essay uses the manifestos of the Vienna Circle as a lens through which to uncover the polemical and performative nature of central texts of logical positivism, including the Tractatus, whose condensed, numbered, and pointed sentences echo central features of twentieth-century manifestos.
Globalization and the History of Philosophy
Authors: Schneewind J. B. (Jerome B.)
Published: September 2005

The history of ideas is an interdisciplinary field that began as an offshoot of the history of philosophy and was transformed by notions of perspective and cultural context drawn from the tradition of historical studies. The result is the practice of intellectual history, which has been carried out between the poles of inquiry commonly known as internalist and externalist, corresponding to mental phenomena and collective behavior in cultural surroundings. These are not opposed but rather complementary methods, and intellectual history may be seen as the inside of cultural history and cultural history as the outside of intellectual history, the intellectual historian's task being to bring the two into alliance.
The International Dictionary of Intellectual Historians
Authors: Schneider Ulrich Johannes
Published: September 2005

The history of ideas is an interdisciplinary field that began as an offshoot of the history of philosophy and was transformed by notions of perspective and cultural context drawn from the tradition of historical studies. The result is the practice of intellectual history, which has been carried out between the poles of inquiry commonly known as internalist and externalist, corresponding to mental phenomena and collective behavior in cultural surroundings. These are not opposed but rather complementary methods, and intellectual history may be seen as the inside of cultural history and cultural history as the outside of intellectual history, the intellectual historian's task being to bring the two into alliance.
Aristotle and Modern Genetics
Authors: Vinci Thomas C. , Robert Jason Scott
Published: September 2005

We assess Aristotle's doctrine of the four causes in relation to current research on the development of organisms. Our goals are four-fold: first, to present and critically challenge what has become an orthodox interpretation of Aristotle among biologists; second, to present and defend a more adequate account of organismal development; third, to elaborate and justify a novel account of Aristotle's natural teleology, one at odds with the orthodox interpretation; and fourth, to illustrate how our reading of Aristotle, if right, permits a more fruitful encounter between Aristotle and modern biology than that imagined by Aristotle's latter-day biological interpreters.
Nesta Webster: The Voice of Conspiracy
Authors: Lee Martha F. (Martha Frances)
Published: September 2005

Nesta Helen Webster (1876–1960) was one of the most influential conspiracy theorists of the twentieth century. Although an advocate of women's rights early in her life, her conviction that a vast and dangerous conspiracy threatened the British state and Christian civilization soon overshadowed these concerns. During her lifetime, she was a woman of considerable political influence, but she is perhaps even more influential today. Her books remain in print, and her work is a foundation of many far-right ideologies, including those of the John Birch Society and the Militia and Patriot movements. Webster's life and work are illustrative of the paradoxical position of women of the far right, both in the early twentieth century and today.
Strength and Science: Gender, Physiotherapy, and Medicine in the United States, 1918-35
Authors: Linker Beth
Published: September 2005

This article explores the development of post–World War I allied medical professions in the United States, and more specifically the rise of physiotherapy as it was used to rehabilitate maimed soldiers. Unlike other female health care professionals of the time, physiotherapists engaged in intra–gender conflicts with white–collar women rather than attempting to gain independence from medical men. Driven to be distinct from other female professionals, physiotherapists created a unique post–Victorian identity, defining their practice as requiring both strength and science, which challenged the convention of seeing women as the weaker, more nurturing sex. Their story, however, is not one of simple triumph. Eager to medicalize and professionalize their field, by 1935 they subordinated themselves to physician supervision, losing what little professional autonomy they had acquired during the 1920s. Yet, by extending their professional sphere of influence over disabled soldiers, these therapists became physical manipulators of the male body and purveyors of knowledge regarding the definition and treatment of disability.
Abigail's Accounts: Economy and Affection in the Early Republic
Authors: Hartigan-O'Connor Ellen
Published: September 2005

In the pages of her account books, Abigail Robinson, a single woman from a Newport, Rhode Island merchant family at the turn of the nineteenth century, represented the mundane tasks of domestic life as monetary transactions. With each stroke of her pen, she linked the ways and concerns of the market with the "women's work" performed by herself and by the women she employed, corresponded with, and cared for. This article explores each kind of transaction recorded in Abigail's account books—hiring servants, buying imported goods for family and friends, stewarding young relatives, and investing in paper securities—to illuminate the complex ways in which emotion, social obligation, and economic calculation intersected. Strikingly and explicitly, market transactions constructed social relationships and affective ties shaped economic transactions. Women such as Abigail Robinson led lives that were at once more profoundly embedded in market concerns than those of their colonial forebears and clearly different from the emerging ideal of the private, sheltered home. Forged in networks of work and exchange, a commercial consciousness served variously as complement and alternative to "domesticity" for middling and well-to-do free women.
"Better Housekeeping Out of Doors": Mira Lloyd Dock, the State Federation of Pennsylvania Women, and Progressive Era Conservation
Authors: Rimby Susan
Published: September 2005

This article focuses on the State Federation of Pennsylvania Women and its local affiliates during the Progressive era. Under the leadership of State Forest Commissioner and fellow clubwoman Mira Lloyd Dock, the Federation played a major role in the state's conservation and municipal improvement movements. As other Progressive era historians have shown, these reformers came from the elite and middle classes, and were as interested in converting their working-class neighbors as they were in transforming cities and conserving natural resources. Pennsylvania's clubwomen sincerely cared about the quality of life for their state's urban and rural populations. They believed education would win others to their causes, and they sought alliances whenever possible with less privileged folk. Keystone State females both worked with and opposed male reformers. Studying the State Federation of Pennsylvania Women and its Progressive era record thus illuminates the complexity of American conservation history.
Struggling for Peace: South Vietnamese Buddhist Women and Resistance to the Vietnam War
Authors: Topmiller Robert J.
Published: September 2005

Although most histories of the Vietnam War portray South Vietnamese women as victims, prostitutes, or guerillas, this article examines their efforts to halt the war and bring peace to their country. Women stood at the center of Buddhist efforts to end the hostilities and engaged in numerous acts of protest, including self-immolation, to terminate the fighting. While their political and social activism continued their long history of battling to save their people, women who joined the peace movement risked prison, defied social norms, endured enormous pain, placed themselves in jeopardy, and sacrificed themselves to save their country. Working for peace remained their primary motivation, but some women may have believed that by destroying themselves, they could escape patriarchy and reincarnation forever. The women who immolated themselves appear to have achieved perpetual gender neutrality in contemporary Vietnam.
"Hands Across the Table": A Short History of the Manicurist in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Willett Julie A
Published: September 2005

In the 1990s, Vietnamese- and Korean-owned nail salons quickly transformed the professional manicure and pedicure from a luxury of the rich to a working- and middle-class beauty routine. Accompanying the popularity of nail salons, however, were fears of "un-American" business practices threatening the safety if not the respectability of the clientele. From products to procedures, Asian nail techs, in particular, captured the attention of skeptics and beauty patrons who were attracted to yet concerned about their newfound beauty retreat. While neatly manicured nails have long symbolized respectability and class distinction, the history of the manicurist has remained complicated throughout the twentieth century. More specifically, the manicurist, like the nail tech today, has struggled for autonomy and respect in popular culture and on the shop floor. This article examines that struggle along with the ways intimacy and identity shaped the history of the manicurist, whose touch reasserted even as it challenged the otherness of race, class, and nationality.
Semantic Density and Past-Tense Formation in Three Germanic Languages
Authors: Baayen R. Harald , Prado Martin Fermin Moscoso del
Published: September 2005

It is widely believed that the difference between regular and irregular verbs is restricted to form. This study questions that belief. We report a series of lexical statistics showing that irregular verbs cluster in denser regions in semantic space. Compared to regular verbs, irregular verbs tend to have more semantic neighbors that in turn have relatively many other semantic neighbors that are morphologically irregular. We show that this greater semantic density for irregulars is reflected in association norms, familiarity ratings, visual lexical-decision latencies, and word-naming latencies. Meta-analyses of the materials of two neuroimaging studies show that in these studies, regularity is confounded with differences in semantic density. Our results challenge the hypothesis of the supposed formal encapsulation of rules of inflection and support lines of research in which sensitivity to probability is recognized as intrinsic to human language.
Madurese prolepsis and its implications for a typology of raising
Authors: Davies William D.
Published: September 2005

Abstract:
This article focuses on the grammatical properties of a Madurese structure in which an argument of a complement clause appears to occur in a nonthematic position in its dominating clause. Raising-to-object (or its analogue in nonderivational theories) has been proposed over the past thirty years or so for the corresponding construction in the closely related Austronesian languages of Balinese, Indonesian/Malay, and Javanese. Close examination of the Madurese data reveals that a proleptic NP analysis, in which the matrix NP is generated in the matrix clause, proves superior to the raising analysis and shares virtually all of the same properties as the parallel English construction ( I believe about Marlena that she left for Jakarta on Wednesday ). Enumeration of these properties and comparison with both raising and copy raising provide the initial step in identifying the hallmarks of each construction and how they might differ typologically.
Lexical V-V Compounds in Japanese: Lexicon vs. Syntax
Authors: Fukushima Kazuhiko
Published: September 2005

One of the central issues in morphology/morphosyntax has been the locus of the mechanisms responsible for word formation. LEXICALISM claims that the mechanisms employed forwor d formation are distinct from those found in other domains (e.g. syntax). I examine in this article so-called 'lexical' V-V compound formation in Japanese from a lexicalist point of view and show that it is indeed LEXICAL (some claim that it is syntactic). Though Japanese V-V compounds have been studied extensively, a principled and unified account has not been proposed due to their complexities, especially one that deals with the question of how arguments of component verbs are to be synthesized into a single argument structure. The current proposal embodies the notion of THEMATIC PROTO-ROLE and devises semantically driven argument matching giving rise to an argument structure of a V-V compound as a whole. In such a process, syntactic apparatuses or grammatical relations per se play no central role.
Animacy Versus Weight as Determinants of Grammatical Variation in English
Authors: Rosenbach Anette
Published: September 2005

This article investigates whether certain animacy effects are an artifact of syntactic weight (because statistically, animate referents tend to be short) or whether animacy is an independent variable in grammatical variation. The empirical domain of investigation is a case of grammatical variation in the noun phrase, specifically, English genitive variation. Data from a corpus study as well as the results of an experimental study are brought forward, showing that animacy and weight are independent factors. These data are further supported by typological evidence. Moreover, the analysis of the interaction of animacy and weight provides evidence that animacy can even dominate weight up to a certain cut-off point. Finally, it is argued that animacy is a processing factor influencing grammatical variation, just as weight is.
Mimetic Theory in Chinese Literary Thought
Authors: Gu Ming Dong
Published: September 2005

In the field of Chinese and comparative literature, a scholarly consensus holds that the idea of mimesis is not entirely absent, but a mimetic theory of literature is nonexistent in the Chinese tradition. The assumed absence of mimetic theory has become the basis for a fundamental dichotomy between Chinese expressive views and Western mimetic views of literature. This essay presents solid evidence to prove the contrary. By constructing a Chinese mimetic theory in relation to its Western counterpart, it explores how mimesis evolved in the historical development of Chinese aesthetic thought, how it appeared in the poetic theories of some influential literary thinkers, and what significance it has for the mainstream of Chinese literary thought. It argues that mimetic theory constitutes a fascinating but neglected current in Chinese literary thought, one which opens new horizons in comparative poetics.
The Ideal of Intellectual Integrity, in Life and Literature
Authors: Haack Susan
Published: September 2005

This paper offiers (i) an interpretation of Samuel Butler's The Way of All Flesh as an epistemological novel, focusing on its depiction of such intellectual vices as self-deception, hypocrisy, and sham inquiry, and its exploration of the growth of Ernest Pontifex's intellectual character; (ii) analyses of pseudo-belief and pseudo-inquiry; and (iii) an explanation of why the ideal of intellectual integrity is so often met with indifference or even hostilityÑin general, and in today's academy in particular.
Ambiguous Difference: Ethical Concern in Byron's Manfred
Authors: Melaney William D.
Published: September 2005

The paper offers a reading of Manfred that demonstrates how the Byronic sublime challenges the aesthetic frame within which Romantic literature is generally conceived. The paper traces the movement from symbolic presentation to an extreme vision of sublime experience in offering a new reading of Byron's verse drama. The first part of the paper is concerned with how Manfred enacts an inner conflict underlying the emergence of the sublime in a manner that is irreducible to Kantian aesthetics. The second part of the paper deals with the issue of Manfred's unstable nature in comparative and autobiographical terms. A brief examination of key passages in Byron's 'Alpine Journal' suggests a reading of the verse drama that clarifies the author's opposition to a poetics of memory. The third part of the paper focuses on how the Byronic hero cannot be assimilated to well-known models of rational autonomy. The conclusion argues nonetheless that the Byronic sublime provides a paradoxical basis for appreciating the ethical concerns of romantic poetry.
What Was Postcolonialism?
Authors: Mishra Vijay , Hodge Bob (Robert Ian Vere)
Published: September 2005

This essay examines the "pastness" of postcolonial theory by locating it in the project of an "uncompleted" modernity. It argues that as a theoretical problematic "postcolonialism" seems to have lost two of its crucial "memories": the memory of lexicon (especially the etymology of the word "colony") and the memory of a revitalised understanding of the links between imperialism, labour and modernity. Invoking a reworking of a Marxist analytic that would not ignore premodern forms (including religion) the essay examines a number of decisive theoretical texts (Bhabha, Spivak, Lazarus, Viswanathan, Chakrabarty) to argue that we must rethink the program of postcolonialism as a departure, a release, an exit, a way out, a way of considering the difference that "today introduces in respect of yesterday." The latter quote from Foucault reminds us that this is how Foucault had read Kant's influential letter "What is Enlightenment?" The essay locates its mode of interrogation and its discursive form in Kant's letter and in Foucault's well-known response.
Progress in Literary Studies
Authors: Olsen Stein Haugom
Published: September 2005

This article argues that literary studies have proceeded in two different ways to establish itself as an academic discipline. One way, the attempt to provide a theoretical basis for a discipline of criticism which would have guaranteed the 'scientific' nature of literary studies, has failed. The other way, the development of a set of standards for scholarship in literary studies and as a part of that the introduction of a method of 'reading' that sets standards for correct 'observation' of the literary work, has led to a partial success, and has represented the 'progress' in the discipline. However, the success has only been partial: the question still remains if literary criticism can provide an adequate defense for its disciplinary status.
To Die Laughing and to Laugh at Dying: Revisiting The Awakening
Authors: Parvulescu Anca
Published: September 2005

We will revisit Kate Chopin's well-known novel, The Awakening, through a reconsideration of the apparently familiar notion of awakening. An encounter will be staged between the text of The Awakening and that of George Bataille's Inner Experience. Awakening will thus come to read "awakening-unto-death," awakening qua recognition and acceptance of the fact of death, the absolute limit of experience and knowledge. The moment at the very end of the novel, the moment Edna is ready to embrace the unknown of the sea, will be identified as the promise of this awakening. A last image this reading will risk will be that of an Edna beyond the novel, an Edna laughing while swimming. The events preceding and supposedly leading to this ending will be read as a story of intoxication, an intoxication meant to avoid or at least postpone the moment of awakening as awakening-unto-death.
Le cadavre exquis : The Origins of Tragic Drama in Racine's Bajazet
Authors: Perovic Sanja
Published: September 2005

This essay develops a concept of tragedy and its relation to historical representation through a reading of Racine's Bajazet. The only contemporary play in Racine's corpus, Bajazet poses the question of the relation between past and present both within tragic representation and between tragedy and the different historical periods in which it flourished. Drawing on the crucial role played by Bajazet's material body in constructing the tragic space of the play, I argue that the curious time-resistance of tragic speech derives from an inherent gestuality of the genre; one that recalls, each time it is performed, the origins of theater in an archaic relation to the dead body.
Heterogenizing Imagination: Globalization, The Merchant of Venice, and the Work of Literary Criticism
Authors: Stevens Paul
Published: September 2005

By all accounts, the distinguished economist Jagdish Bhagwati's recent rigorous and urbane defense of the material and social benefits of globalization, In Defense of Globalization (2004), is likely to become a classic. According to Ernesto Zedillo, the former President of Mexico, for instance, the book constitutes "a precise rebuttal of the most common and pernicious fallacies about globalization." In this essay, I offer a reading of Bhagwati's book through the argument of grace as it is articulated in one of his favorite Shakespearean plays, The Merchant of Venice. I do this in order to draw attention to some of the cultural problems inherent in globalization that literary criticism seems more able to illuminate than instrumentalist economics.
Faculty in the Middle Years: Illuminating an Overlooked Phase of Academic Life
Authors: Baldwin Roger G , Lunceford Christina J , Vanderlinden Kim E
Published: September 2005

This explanatory study employs developmental theory and NSOPF-99 data to illuminate the middle years of faculty life, an ill-defined and largely unexamined portion of the academic career. The study's findings suggest that the middle years of faculty life have distinctive attributes, pose speical challenges, and deserve systematic investigation by scholars. The study lays a foundation for research needed to fill a gap in our knowledge and understanding of the faculty life cycle.
Determinants of Presidential Pay at National Liberal Arts Institutions
Authors: Bartlett Robin L , Sorokina Olga
Published: September 2005

This paper examines the structure and determinants of presidential pay at nationally ranked baccalaureate institutions. This study departs from previous work on president pay in two ways. First, it includes more nationally ranked liberal arts institutions in its sample than previous studies did. Second, it incorporates two additional determinants of presidential pay borrowed from the executive compensation literature: differential motivations or goals and risk. The results suggest that both motivational differences and risk factors yield differential returns to the determinants of presidential pay depending on which of the four college tiers the president's institution belongs to.
Measuring University Quality
Authors: Brooks Rachelle
Published: September 2005

This study provides a methodological critique of major quality assessments in U.S. higher education over the last 70 years, through an examination of their taxonomy, unit of analysis, frame of reference, and definition of quality. Many quantitative indicators currently used in assessments have a weak theoritical link to quality and have serious methodological drawbacks. The study offers recommendations for continued improvements to assessments indicators, so that institutions may better assert their own voices in debates over higher education quality.
The Social Dimension of Academic Discipline as a Discriminator of Academic Deans' Administrative Behaviors
Authors: Del Favero Marietta
Published: September 2005

This national study of academic deans examined the social and cognitive dimensions underlying displinary variations in respondents' self reports of their administrative behavior. Discriminant analyses identified significant linear functions that distinguished behaviors of deans from hard/pure, hard/applied, soft/pure, and soft/applied discipline groups. Findings indicate that the social dimension of academic discipline may be a factor which differentiates deans in terms of how they approach their administrative work. It is concluded that findings may partially explain the durability of discipline differences over the course of the academic career.
The Benefits of Higher Education: Sex, Racial/Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Group Differences
Authors: Perna Laura W
Published: September 2005

This study analyzes data from the NELS:92/00 to explore sex, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic group differences in the benefits that high school graduates realize from college. Sex differences in higher education benefits may be a source of observed differences between women and men in college enrollment and degree attainment rates. The findings also suggest that observed racial/ethnic and SES group differences in college enrollment cannot be attributed to actual differences in higher education's economic and non-economic benefits, as some benefits are greater for African Americans than for Whites and benefits generally do not vary by SES.
Characteristics, Performance, and Quantitative Analytical Capability of an Energy-Dispersive Spectrometer on an Electron Microprobe Using Low Operating Voltages
Authors: Desborough George A. , Heidel Robert H.
Published: September 2005

An investigation was made of the analytical capability of a Si (Li) x-ray detector for energy-dispersive techniques in the 1- to 10-keV photon energy range with multiple single channel analyzers using the electron microprobe beam as the excitation source at operating voltages of 10 to 20 kV. This system can provide rapid, accurate, simultaneous, quantitative elemental microanalysis of major constituents in complex solids for all elements heavier than Si where spectral interferences are absent and reference standards are used. Calculated theoretical detection limits are about 0.2 wt %. A relative precision of about 1 to 5% is routine for a 10- or 20-sec counting period for elements in concentrations above about 5 wt %. Data for K, L, and M x-ray spectra of representative elements ranging in energy from 1.25 to 8.64 keV are presented for operating voltages of 10,15, and 20 kV and beam currents of 1 to 10 nA.
Intracavity Laser Raman Spectroscopy Using a Commercial Laser
Authors: Hickman Roy Scott , Liang Louis
Published: September 2005

The modification of a commercial laser for intracavity molecular scattering experiments is discussed. An improvement of almost 100 times in laser intensity is reported. Steps taken to eliminate an undesired secondary laser line produced by the laser because of the increase of laser intensity are presented.
A Fluorescence Study of Hematoporphyrin
Authors: Srivastava R. C. , Anand V. D. , Carper W. R.
Published: September 2005

The fluorescence characteristics of hematoporphyrin have been studied at 26°C as a function of concentration and pH. The pk values are 4.7 and 8.2 as determined in water and water-ethanol mixtures. The fluorescence spectrum consists of a peak at 625 nm and a second, less intense band at 675 nm. These emission bands are assigned to the Qy (0 → 0) and Qx (0 → 0) states. The four absorption bands in the visible region are assigned to π → π* transitions as follows: 502 nm, (1 ← 0); 536 nm, Qy (0 ← 0); 557 nm, Qx (1 ← 0); and 605 nm, Qx (0 ← 0). Corresponding excitation wavelengths include 505,540,570, and 620 nm. Polarized fluorescence is used to establish molecular association as a function of concentration. The polarization factor is used to verify the change from D2h to D4h symmetry as a function of pH.
Modification of an Atomic Absorption Unit for Dual Beam, Background Correction Measurements
Authors: Dick D. L. , Urtamo S. J. , Lichte F. E. , Skogerboe R. K.
Published: September 2005

A simple modification is described which makes dual beam background correction measurements possible on a Varian-Techtron atomic absorption spectrometer. The modification is described and data are presented which demonstrate the validity of the measurements obtained.
X-ray Diffraction from Graphite in the Energy Range 2 to 8 keV
Authors: Kestenbaum H. L.
Published: September 2005

We report x-ray diffraction measurements from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite over the energy range 2 to 8 keV. The measured reflectivity exhibits an energy dependence which closely follows that predicted for an ideally imperfect graphite crystal, although the reflectivity itself is a factor of 1.5 less than the calculated value.
Rapid Determination of Bismuth and Lead in Iron- and Nickel-Base Alloy Chips
Authors: Atwell M. G. , Golden G. S.
Published: September 2005

A rapid emission spectographic method for the determination of traces of bismuth and lead in a wide variety of iron- and nickel-base alloys is reported. The sample, in the form of chips, filings, or drillings, is mixed with lithium carbonate, placed in an anode cup electrode, and excited in a dc arc. Detection limits of approximately 0.2 ppm for bismuth and 0.4 ppm for lead may be realized, depending on the alloy. Working curves may be prepared from a single standard of each alloy by using variable weights in a series of electrodes. Precision and accuracy data for a number of alloys are presented.
Weathering of Asphalts as Characterized by Infrared Multiple Internal Reflection Spectra
Authors: Lee D. Y. , Huang R. J.
Published: September 2005

Identification and prediction of durability and weathering properties of paving asphalts are problems faced by highway material engineers. Correlation between accelerated laboratory durability tests and asphalt field performance is established on four asphalts. Double beam multiple internal reflection spectra are obtained for both laboratory-aged and field samples up to 48 months. Rheological properties and chemical analyses are also made. The kinetic model for weathering is found to be Δ y = T/( a + bT) where Δ y is the property change, T is the weathering time, and a and b are constants. Weathering of asphalts is characterized by changes in absorption at wavelengths of 5.88 µm and is correlated with chemical changes and aging index defined by viscosity change.
Atomic Absorption Methods for the Direct Analysis of Metals and Alloys
Authors: Walsh Alan
Published: September 2005

While atomic absorption methods of spectrochemical analysis have found a wide range of application, they have been almost entirely confined to the analysis of solutions. Solid samples for analysis have required prior solution. In recent months the situation has been transformed, and it has been demonstrated that some important metals and alloys can be analyzed directly by atomic absorption methods, which can be applied to the precise determination of major constituents and of trace impurities.
Emission Spectrometric Determination of Trace Metals in Biological Tissues
Authors: Webb John , Niedermeier William , Griggs James H. , James Thomas N.
Published: September 2005

An emission spectrometric method of analysis is described which permits duplicate analyses to be performed on 1-g specimens of tissue for 13 elements in the microgram percent range. Pig hearts were dissected into 17 separate pieces representing discrete anatomic sites. Samples were prepared for analysis by low temperature wet digestion. On the basis of their composition of the macro elements sodium, potassium, and phosphorus, these tissues could be divided into two groups: one including blood vessels and heart valves, and the other including ordinary and specialized myocardium. A method is described for adjusting the macro element composition of these tissues to that of a common matrix, thus allowing trace metal analysis of both groups of tissues to be performed using only a single set of standards. A solution of the ash was placed in hollow cup graphite electrodes with center posts, evaporated to dryness, and analyzed in the dc arc with a Jarrell-Ash model 66,000 direct reading emission spectrometer. At concentrations above 10 µg%, the coefficient of variation was about 10% for most of the trace metals studied.
Application of Electron Emission Spectroscopy to Characterize Sulfur Bonds in Coal
Authors: Schultz Harry D. , Proctor W. G.
Published: September 2005

Electron binding energies of minerals typically found in coal were measured by the induced electron emission method. The shift in binding energies for Fe and S atoms were correlated with different chemical environments. The iron 2p3/2 electron in pyrrhotite (Fe1−xS) is bound by 3.8 eV more than the Fe 2p3/2 electron in pyrite (FeS2), whereas the 2p sulfur electron is shifted by 0.8 eV. Chemical shift data for minerals and organic sulfides were determined and correlated with structure variations. Subsequently, multiple sulfur signals observed on raw coals were correlated with this IEE data. Thus, we have demonstrated that the modes of occurrence of sulfur (pyritic, sulfate, organic) can be determined on raw coal; this represents the first spectroscopic technique capable of performing this characterization.