bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’enfance et les alba amicorum, du XVIe au XIXe siècles / Childhood and the alba amicorum (16th-19th centuries)
Authors: De Marco Rosa
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT: This contribution aims to consider the evolution of the perception of childhood through the depiction of children in the icono-textual compositions from alba amicorum. The analysis is based on prestigious examples of the alba amicorum in documents from the 16th to the 19th Centuries.
KEYWORDSEmblematics; French Literature; Iconography; Allegory; Childhood
RESUMEN: Cette contribution vise à considérer l’évolution de la perception de l’enfance à travers les représentations enfantines dans les compositions icono-textuelles des livres d’amis. L'analyse est menée sur des exemples prestigeux d'alba amicorum, du XVIe au XVIIe siècles.
Vtile et dulce: as relações texto/imagem como ferramenta pedagógica no Colégio Jesuíta de Coimbra / Vtile et Dulce: Text/Image Relations as a Pedagogical Tool at the Jesuit College of Coimbra
Authors: Medeiros Araújo Filipa
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT: Aiming to contribute to the discussion on the use of logo-iconic compositions as pedagogical tools, I propose a study focused on the experience of the Jesuit College of Coimbra in the 16th century. I seek to bring to light some handwritten texts that confirm the application of the Ratio Studiorum pertaining to recommendations about training in the art of combining text and images, through the invention of emblems and enigmas. The purpose is, therefore, to reflect critically on the thematic aspects, the role played by images and their relations to texts, as well as the way in which those compositions enter into dialogue with emblematic literature, widely printed and disseminated within the Jesuit institutions.
KEYWORDSEmblems; Jesuit Studies; Pedagogy; affixiones; Text/Image Relations
RESUMEN: Procurando contribuir para a discussão sobre a utilização das composições logo-icónicas como instrumentos pedagógicos, propõe-se um estudo focado na prática do colégio jesuítas de Coimbra no século XVI. Pretende-se, assim, dar a conhecer algumas produções manuscritas que confirmam a aplicação das recomendações da Ratio Studiorum acerca da exercitação na arte de conjugar palavras e imagens, através da composição de emblemas e enigmas. Visa-se, portanto, refletir criticamente sobre os temas representados, o papel das imagens em interação com o texto e a forma como dialogaram com a literatura emblemática, amplamente impressa e divulgada no seio da Companhia.
Emblemática, educación e infancia
Authors: Gonçalves Medeiros Araújo Filipa Marisa , García Arranz José Julio
Published: January 2023

Emblemática, educación e infancia
Influencias temáticas y simbólicas de Borges en Ajuar funerario y otras obras de Fernando Iwasaki
Authors: Roldán Romero Juan Luis
Published: January 2023

Fantastical elements are very common in the literature of Fernando Iwasaki. As a historian, and also a Peruvian, he has drawn on elements of Inca culture and mythology, and also Peruvian folklore. Although strongly influenced by Cortázar, Poe and Lovecraft , in terms of style, themes, topoi and poetics, Iwasaki is also indebted to the works of Jorge Luis Borges. Indeed, the aim of the article is to analyze the main Borgian influences present in Iwasaki’s works with a particular focus on his book Ajuar funerario (2004).
Eliza Szymańska, Interkulturelle Theaterstrategien. Polnisches (E)Migrantentheater in Deutschland
Authors: Tkaczyk Krzysztof
Published: January 2023

Book review
L’obsolescence du politique à l’ère du « capitalisme absolu » : Cosmopolis de Don DeLillo et Resistere non serve a niente de Walter Siti
Authors: Servoise Sylvie
Published: January 2023

In a time of globalisation, massive fi nancialization of economies and unbounded neoliberalism, we are witnessing an unprecedented domination of the economic over other social spheres, and especially over political power. Th is article analyses two contemporary novels, Cosmopolis (Don DeLillo, 2003) and Resistere non serve a niente (Walter Siti, 2012) in order to explore the failings of politics in the context of what Étienne Balibar calls “capitalisme absolu” (“absolute capitalism”). It is argued here that both novels show how fi nance (re)confi gures the balance of power, subordinating politics to economics; to the point of undermining the workings of democratic institutions. Th ese novels invite us to refl ect on the way in which literature can propose a counter-discourse and contribute to opening up new possibilities for weakened democracies.
« La littérature seule ne peut pas grand-chose », ou comment penser une littérature politique (avec Nathalie Quintane)
Authors: Heck Maryline
Published: January 2023

The question of conceiving literature as a political statement is at the heart of Nathalie Quintane’s work. Her approach currently revolves around a pragmatic and pragmatist conception of the work of art as an experience, that is, thinking of literature in terms of use and effect. Th is paper considers how Quintane’s approach results in what can be qualified as a “contextual” understanding of literature, which imagines the ramifications of the text in real life. Discussed here is how Quintane takes a stand against the dominant idea of a literary work as an autonomous and closed object, underlining how such a secessionist vision deprives literature of its possibilities of action.
Géopoétique, anthropoétique et cosmopolitique : trois axes de la poétique anti-impérialiste de Gary Snyder
Authors: Poupon Frédéric
Published: January 2023

Gary Snyder is mostly known as a poet of the beat generation. Nonetheless, he also shaped his poems and writings into a particular poetical anti-imperialism. Far from depicting the legends associated with this rebellious time, Gary Snyder built a “Real Work” of poetry by foreseeing the ecological crisis and the ecocide we are currently facing. Th e paper discusses how his anti-imperialism is composed of three poetical parts, which reshape our imagination: geopoetics, anthropoetics and cosmopolitics. Th e article demonstrates that Snyder’s poetry is about the language itself and about the three outsides of imperialism; geopoetics (otherness), anthropoetics (human beings) and cosmopolitics (how the first two combine into a new political outlook).
¿Nada más que la memoria de la época pinochetista? Hacia un nuevo panorama de la narrativa chilena posdictatorial en torno a la realidad sociopolítica
Authors: Jasłowska Joanna
Published: January 2023

The memory of a dictatorial past continues to be one of the main referents in postdictatorial Chilean literature. However, an interest on the part of writers in the sociopolitical realities has not only served retrospective understandings, but expanded contemporary Chilean sociopolitical reality; such as, feminism criticism, estallido social and its social demands, or indeed the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the present paper proposes an outline of the current panorama of the post-dictatorial Chilean narrative which has emerged from sociopolitical reality of a country, in which reflections on the past cedes to a need to confront the challenges of the Chilean present.
Note sulla prefazione autoriale alla Cognizione del dolore di Carlo Emilio Gadda
Authors: Rejmak Barbara
Published: January 2023

The present paper analyses the introduction to the novel La cognizione del dolore by Carlo Emilia Gadda, written in the form of a dialogue by its author and entitled L'Editore chiede venia del recupero chiamando in causa l'Autore. The introduction provides a comprehensive account of the main motifs of this novel and, at the same time, of Gadda’s work in general; its main point being a polemic against the objections of critics, who perceive the writer as “baroque” and grotesque, i.e. a writer who uses an overly complex style and narrative structure and represents reality in a distorted way. Drawing on recent critical studies as well as on research carried out on Gadda’s contemporary critics, the paper focuses on certain aspects of the text, such as its genesis, structure and its central motifs.
The Power of the Gaze and of the Lens: Britta Muszeika?s Look at Sarah Winnemucca, Zitkala Ša, and Charles Eastman through the Critical Race Theory Magnifying Glass
Authors: Wilczyńska Elżbieta
Published: January 2023

A review essay of Britta Muszeika’s Approaching Whiteness: Acknowledging Native Americans as Scholars of Reversal in 19th-Century Autobiographical Writings published by Universitätsverlag Winter, 2020, 305 pages.
Examining the Spillover Effects from Global Stock Markets to Indian Stock Market
Authors: Sathyanarayana S. , Pushpa B. V. , Gargesa Sudhindra
Published: January 2023

Purpose:  The study aims to examine the transmission of spillover effects from global stock markets to the Indian stock market. The chosen global markets are CAC-40, DJIA, FTSE 100, SMI, KOSPI, DAX, HANG SENG, and NIKKEI with respect to S&P BSE SENSEX.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The study uses secondary data. The study period is from 1st January 2000 to 4th June 2021. The required data for the study has been collected from the Thomson Reuters database. Later the collected data has been tested for stationarity by running the ADF test. Since we found an arch effect in the collected time series data, we ran the GARCH model to investigate the spillover effect from developed stock markets to the Indian stock market by running all the three suggested models such as Normal Gaussian Distribution, Student t Distribution, and GED with fixed parameter. To capture the leverage effect, the researchers have run the EGARCH model to capture spillover asymmetry in the Indian stock market.

Findings: The ARCH, GARCH, and EGARCH revealed that there was a significant information spillover effect from CAC-40, FTSE 100, SMI, KOSPI, HANG SENG, and NIKKEI on S&P BSE SENSEX. DJIA and DAX were not capable of spreading the spillover effect on BSE SENSEX. The EGARCH revealed that negative shocks in the foreign market created a significant spillover effect in the Indian stock market.

Originality and Value: This study’s empirical analysis would help market participants in understanding the forecasted volatility of Sensex returns and can take this sign as an advantage to converting their holdings into returns. The market participants can also make a decision as to whether they can invest in the Indian stock market and diversify their portfolios.
Mobile Learning Based Electronic Worksheet to Introduce the Wetland Environment to Early Children
Authors: Novitawati . , Anggreani Chresty
Published: January 2023

The rapid advancement of science and technology has an impact on human activities, the majority of which are governed by technology-based media. However, traditional learning media continue to dominate learning in early childhood education. This makes learning less interesting and monotonous. As a result, researchers are interested in developing a valid and effective electronic worksheet based on Mobile Learning on Introducing Wetland Environments using the analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation (ADDIE) research and development (R&D) model. Data was gathered using techniques such as interviews, questionnaires, observation, and documentation. This study's data analysis techniques included quantitative and qualitative analysis. Based on the results of the initial product test, mobile learning-based electronic worksheet products were declared valid and effective. This electronic worksheet product can be used by teachers as an Android-based learning media to support interactive and interesting learning activities in early childhood education.
Upstreaming and Downstreaming Regulators and Associated Signaling Transduction Pathways of AKT/PKB: A Molecular Gateway to Progressive Carcinoma
Authors: Sayed Abu , Hossain Md. Hasibul , Islam Efaaj , Asgar Md. Ali
Published: January 2023

AKT or Protein Kinase B, the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, is found in three analogous isoforms in cells of human and animal bodies. AKT is regulated and activated via various upstream regulators including GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor), RTK (Receptor tyrosine kinase), SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase), JAK (Janus kinase), and RAS lead to the further activation of multiple coordinated downstream cascades. The dysregulation of these pathways affects the cell cycle and cell proliferation, resulting in the development of carcinoma. Therefore, the study aimed with the objectives to explore all the major upstreaming and downstreaming regulators and associated signaling transduction pathways of AKT as an approach for further detailed studies or clinical management of tumors or cancers via targeted protein-based drug developments.
Clinical Signs of Seasonal Disease Dynamics in Calves Caused by Rotavirus and Coronavirus Infections
Authors: Abbasov Vusal , Zeynalova Shalala
Published: January 2023

The study of animal diseases increases the relevance of the livestock industry, which is the main leading component of the strategy for the development of agriculture in Azerbaijan. An important roleour country. Their research is critical in the implementation of measures to combat rotavirus and coronavirus infections in infant calves.  The primary goal of this study was to investigate the seasonal dynamics of accompanying diarrhea in calves caused by rotavirus and coronavirus infection. The research was carried out on farms located in the northwestern region of the Azerbaijan republic.

Fecal samples were used as material and tested by chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of rotavirus and coronavirus antigen.

The study revealed that the clinical signs of diarrhea in calves caused by rotavirus and coronavirus infections in farms located in the northwest region of the country are relatively similar. However, there was a relatively higher incidence of rotovirus infection, and mortality relative to coronavirus was at a lower level. The occurrence of secondary pneumonia in patients with coronavirus was noted as one of the main clinical signs. The study showed that the trend of infection and death from both diseases changes in different seasons of the year, which from season to season and, as a result, becoming massive causes serious damage to farms, becoming widespread in spring, autumn, and winter.
Scope of Pharmacovigilance: Comprehensive Review
Authors: Khalid Abbood Mohammed , Alaa Aldeen Khalaf Hasan , H. Abudlqader Ehab , Sagban Taghi Hassanien , Alaa Al-Temimi Ahmed
Published: January 2023

Pharmacovigilance aims to preserve general health by identifying, evaluating, and minimizing health issues to ensure that the benefits of accessible treatments outweigh the potential risks. However, the retraction (withdrawal) of specific medications from global markets has increasingly focused on pharmacovigilance approaches, raised concerns about improvements to the current pharmacovigilance system, and highlighted the need to ensure uniformity among international guidelines governing the detailing of side effects ("Adverse Drug Reactions" - A.D.R.s).

Concerns with the nature and safety of drugs as noted by medication guidelines. A sound medication policy is required to ensure the safety, viability, and nature of pharmaceuticals as well as the accuracy and applicability of the medication information made available to the general public. Medication guidelines cover a wide range of functions, including authorizing, reviewing manufacturing facilities and distribution channels, item evaluation and enrollment, observing adverse drug reactions (ADR), controlling medication advancement and publicizing, and controlling clinical medication preliminary studies.
Evaluation of Culture Filtrates of Endophytic Microorganisms from Tomato against Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: James Deepa , Gleena Mary C. F. , K. Mathew Sally
Published: January 2023

A novel approach to biological control using endophytes has gained immense potential in disease management. The endophytes constitute a valuable source of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, sterols and phenolic compounds which play a major role in plant defense mechanisms. Therefore an experiment was carried out to study the effect of secondary metabolites of endophytes from tomatoes against the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum both in vitro and in vivo conditions using their culture filtrates. In vitro evaluation of the culture filtrates of the endophytes was carried out by inoculating the pathogen on a five per cent culture filtrate amended Potato Dextrose Agar medium. Complete inhibition of the pathogen was observed in all endophytes indicating the inhibitory effect of their culture filtrates. In order to study the effect of secondary metabolites of endophytes on R. solanacearum under in planta conditions, culture filtrates along with culture suspensions for comparison were used. The tomato seedlings dipped first in culture filtrate/suspension then in bacterial ooze showed lowest wilt incidence and among the two, seedling dip in filtrate was the effective one. The minimum wilt incidence was noticed with seedlings dipped first in culture filtrate of endophyte Trichoderma viride-2 recording 10.92, 15.68 and 19.84 per cent followed by T. harzianum-1 and Bacillus subtilis, which showed 12.5, 16.67 and 22.22 per cent at 7, 10 and 14 days after inoculation respectively. Thus the above findings clearly indicated the inhibitory effect of secondary metabolites of the endophytes on bacterial wilt pathogen.
Environmental and Health Effects of SONICHAR'S Coal Mining Activities in Tchirozérine (Niger)
Authors: Fanna Abdou Gado , Iro Dan Guimbo , Faylatou Wada , Abdourahamane Tankari Dan Badjo , Yadji Guero
Published: January 2023

The environmental challenge is relatively high in an ecologically fragile area like the Sahel, which has to deal with the phenomena of desertification and loss of biodiversity in which the rural, poor population depends on the natural environment for its survival. Indeed, Niger has a coal basin of Iullemneden; this mineral coal deposit has been exploited since 1978 for the production of electrical energy. This implies a challenge of preserving the environment and its natural resources. It is in this context that the present study aims to analyze the impacts of coal mining and its transformation by SONICHAR on the environment, the health of the populations living near Tchirozérine in order to propose preventive measures, reduction and mitigation. In order to achieve this objective, the methodology adopted for the study consisted of surveys, site visits and field observations. Also, samples of wastewater from the company were collected, transported and analyzed. Directive 019 of March 2011 from Quebec, served as a supporting document for the comparison between the activities carried out by the company and the mining standards. The analysis of the company's activities has shown that most of the company's activities do not comply with the mining standards explicitly mentioned in the Quebec Directive 019. All of the impacts on the physical components of the environment are major impacts, thus calling into question their integrity. The soils and the atmosphere are the units most affected by the activities of this plant. The physico-chemical analysis of the water sample taken showed that this water has concentrations of iron (1.9 mg/l) in fluoride (2.32 mg/l), its alkalinity (510 mg/l) and bicarbonate (612 mg/l). This shows that the concentration of these elements exceeds the standards. As for the population, the impact on the latter can be described as medium impact. The inhabitants have a remarkable awareness of the environmental and health risks they incur. With more than 46% claiming to have noticed the deterioration of their health. Even those who do not complain about the deterioration of their health, attribute the cause of certain observed diseases such as eye and lung diseases to the activities of the factory.
Diversity Analysis of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn Isolates Causing Sheath Blight of Rice in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Thera Uday Kumar , Srushtideep Angidi , Ramasamy Naveenkumar , Timsina Ashmita
Published: January 2023

The sheath blight of rice is a devastating fungal disease, which is caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA. Twenty-one sheath blight isolates of rice were collected from different locations in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, to study the variation in cultural, pathogenic, and molecular characterization. All the R. solani isolates were classified into four groups depending on the arrangement of sclerotia, i.e., peripheral, centre, scattered, and last group includes placing at the centre and peripheral 11, 1, 5, and 4 isolates, respectively. Depending on pathogenicity, isolates are grouped into weakly virulent, virulent, and highly virulent, representing 12, 4, and 5 isolates, respectively. The random amplified polymorphic DNA has been successfully used for molecular characterization. In our study, ITS1/ITS4 and AG-1 IA-specific markers yielded reproducible banding patterns. UPGMA cluster analysis revealed two major clusters, A and B, with a 13.85% dissimilarity value. This study does not correlate with virulence, geographical location, and RAPD profile groupings.
An Assessment of Seasonal Variation of Carbon Emission and Carbon Sequestration in Rural Areas of Belagavi District, Karnataka
Authors: Shilpa Channalli P. , S. Salunke Renuka , S. Jadhav Veena , Patil P. L. , Dolli Shrishail
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Carbon emission cause climate change by trapping heat and they also contribute to respiratory disease from smog and air pollution. Therefore, reducing carbon emission is important because it mitigates the effects of global climate change, improves public health and maintains biodiversity. In carbon sequestration process atmospheric carbon is taken up by trees, grasses and plants through photosynthesis.

Aim: Analyse the carbon emissions and estimate the carbon sequestration.

Methodology: The study was conducted at Golihalli and Bidi village of Belagavi district, Karnataka in India to measure the carbon emission level through Air Quality Monitor and CO meter for one year. The carbon sequestration was assessed by non-destructive method.

Results: An annual mean concentration of CO2 in Golihalli village was 924.33 ppm while in Bidi village 929.9 ppm and also the mean concentration of CO was 25.7 ppm in Golihalli village whereas 25.8 ppm in Bidi village. The mean concentration of PM2.5 was 57.8 μm3 and PM10 was 107.5 μm3 in Golihalli village however PM2.5 was 57.9 μm3 and PM10 was 108 μm3 in Bidi village. During the observation period, the maximum carbon emission concentration was measured in summer season and the minimum in rainy season. The largest value of carbon sequestration was seen in Tamarindus indica (530.22 gm) in Bidi village and Azdirachta indica (519.77 gm) in Golihalli       village.

Conclusion: The carbon emission concentration was exceeding the safe level in both villages because of rural people’s day-today activities and vehicular pollution. The trees with higher age and DBH have more carbon sequestration which could help in mitigate the effects of carbon emitted in the village.
Investigating the Impact of Sieve Analysis on the Choice of Gravel Pack Design for Wells in Unconsolidated Sandstone Formations in the Niger Delta
Authors: Chikwe A. O. , Nwanwe O. I. , Duru U. I. , Nduwuba G. O. , Duruonyeaku A. N.
Published: January 2023

Sand production is major problem for the oil and gas industry and solutions to this problem is a continuous process as new challenges arise with time. Various sand control methods have been proposed for tackling the sand production challenge, and research and experience have shown that the use of mechanical sand control methods are more suitable, with gravel packing being the most effective. Gravel packs are proven to be an effective mechanical sand control technique, and a good gravel pack completion design is of great importance to exclude sand from the wellbore while enhancing well productivity. Implementation of sand control by gravel packing in the Niger Delta is usually found to require importation of commercial gravel for the purpose of sand control which is a challenge in terms of high purchasing and transportation costs with import taxes. A solution is presented in this study which involves sourcing for gravel locally and investigating its suitability for sand control by gravel packing. Locally sourced gravel was compared with commercial gravel using sieve analysis and results showed that the locally sourced gravel closely met the requirements of the commercial gravel depicted by slot widths that are close to that obtained by the commercial gravel. Based on the results of this study, favorable performance is expected when locally sourced gravel is used for sand control by gravel packing in unconsolidated formations in the Niger Delta. It is recommended to source for different gravel types from different locations and evaluate using sieve analysis and Laser Particle Size Distribution Analysis to determine suitable gravel types for these type of formations.
Economy, Near East (Persian)
Authors: Bedford Peter R.
Published: January 2023

The Achaemenid Persian empire networked a number of regional economies through an administrative system that promoted extraction, redistribution and the movement of goods, largely in support of the ruling elite. There were strong continuities in the economic organization of the regional economies, along with developments by the administration that promoted the longevity of the empire.
Middle Kingdom, Egypt
Authors: Grajetzki Wolfram
Published: January 2023

The Middle Kingdom was regarded in later periods of Ancient Egypt as the country's “classical” age. Its literature and art works served as a model for the New Kingdom and Late Period and its language was still used for the latest hieroglyphic inscriptions in the Roman Period.
Anti‐unwinding adaptive attitude tracking control for spacecraft with quantized torques
Authors: Yunzhe Su , Yang Yajun , Yang Xuerong
Published: January 2023

The adaptive attitude tracking control with limited communication to actuators is addressed in this paper. To avoid unwinding, a rotation matrix rather than a quaternion is used to describe the attitude, for which the stability is proved by Morse‐Lyapunov function. To meet the need of restricted communication, two different quantizers, logarithmic quantizer and hysteres quantizer, are used to quantize the control torque signal. Two robust adaptive control techniques, indirect and direct, are proposed to deal with the impacts of quantization error and external disturbances. The proposed control schemes, in conjunction with quantizers, guarantee the global boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop system, allowing the attitude tracking error to converge toward an ultimately bounded region. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate the performance of the proposed controllers.
The Differences in Microstructure, Microtexture, and Tensile Anisotropy of Ti80 Heavy Plate Across the Thickness
Authors: Liang Pei , Kong Ning , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2023

Herein, the differences in microstructure, microtexture, and tensile behavior of the Ti80 heavy plate across the thickness are investigated. The Ti80 heavy plate consists of equiaxed α and transformed β grains with high degrees of recrystallization microstructures. Significant differences are observed in the main texture components between the central and surface zones. The inhomogeneous distribution of hot compression and shear leads to different deformation textures during processing. Due to temperature distribution, the combination of the variant selection mechanism and α–β phase interaction is responsible for the evolution of surface texture, while only the former plays a major role in the center. Final fracture areas of tensile samples show ductile fracture characteristics. The anisotropy behaviors in planar tensile of the Ti80 heavy plate at room temperature are evaluated. They are related to the difficulty of activating prismatic slip and basal slip , which are determined by the crystallographic texture of the material. This work helps to explore reasonable thermomechanical processing parameters and establish rolling schedules to weaken the mechanical heterogeneity across the thickness of near‐α‐titanium alloy heavy plates.
An Instant Underwater Tissue Adhesive Composed of Catechin‐Chondroitin Sulfate and Cholesterol‐Polyethyleneimine
Authors: Jin Min , Tao Chao , Hu Xu , Liu Bangheng , Ma Cheng , Wu Zhonglian , Yao Hang , Wang Dong‐An
Published: January 2023

Due to the safety issue and poor underwater adhesion of current commercially available bioadhesives, they are hard to apply to in vivo physiological environments and more diverse medical use conditions. In this study, a novel and facile bioadhesive for underwater medical applications are designed based on the coacervation of electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions, with the introduction of catechin as a provider of catechol moieties for adhesion to surrounding tissues. The orange‐colored bio‐adhesive, named PcC, is generated within seconds by mixing catechin‐modified chondroitin sulfate and cholesterol chloroformate‐modified polyethyleneimine with agitation. In vitro mechanical measurements prove that this novel PcC bio‐adhesive is superior in underwater adhesion performance when applied to cartilage. Animal experiments in a rat mastectomy model and rat cartilage graft implantation model demonstrate its potential for diverse medical purposes, such as closing surgical incisions, reducing the formation of seroma, and tissue adhesive applied in orthopedic or cartilage surgery.
Stimuli‐Responsive Self‐Degradable DNA Hydrogels: Design, Synthesis, and Applications
Authors: Wang Danyu , Duan Jie , Liu Jingwen , Yi Hua , Zhang Zhenzhong , Song Haiwei , Li Yinchao , Zhang Kaixiang
Published: January 2023

DNA hydrogels play an increasingly important role in biomedicine and bioanalysis applications. Due to their high programmability, multifunctionality and biocompatibility, they are often used as effective carriers for packing drugs, cells, or other bioactive cargoes in vitro and in vivo. However, the stability of the DNA hydrogels prevents their in‐demand rapid release of cargoes to achieve a full therapeutic effect in time. For bioanalysis, the generation of signals sometimes needs the DNA hydrogel to be rapidly degraded when sensing target molecules. To meet these requirements, stimulus‐responsive DNA hydrogels are designed. By responding to different stimuli, self‐degradable DNA hydrogels can switch from gel to solution for quantitative bioanalysis and precision cargo delivery. This review summarizes the recently developed innovative methods for designing stimuli‐responsive self‐degradable DNA hydrogels and showed their applications in the bioanalysis and biomedicines fields. Challenges, as well as prospects, are also discussed.
Injectable Intrinsic Photothermal Hydrogel Bioadhesive with On‐Demand Removability for Wound Closure and MRSA‐Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Kang Xinchang , Guan Pengfei , Xiao Cairong , Liu Can , Guan Youjun , Lin Yeying , Tian Yu , Ren Kunyu , Huang Yanting , Fu Rumin , Ning Chengyun , Fan Lei , Tan Guoxin , Zhou Lei
Published: January 2023

Photothermal hydrogel adhesives have yielded promising results for wound closure and infected wound treatment in recent years. However, photothermal hydrogel bioadhesives with on‐demand removability without additional nanomaterials‐based photothermal agents have rarely been reported in the literature. In this work, an injectable intrinsic photothermal hydrogel bioadhesive with an on‐demand removal trait is developed through dynamic cross‐linking of gelatin (Gel), tannic acid (TA) quinone, and borax for closing skin incisions and accelerating methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infected wound healing. The TA quinone containing polyphenol and quinone groups with multifunctional adhesiveness and intrinsic photothermal performance confer the hydrogel adhesive with near‐infrared (NIR) responsive antibacterial activity. The cross‐linking of pH‐sensitive boronic ester (polyphenol−B) and Schiff base bonds endow the hydrogel with great self‐healing capacity and on‐demand removability. Moreover, the hydrogel possesses good biocompatibility, injectability, and hemostasis. The in vivo experiment in a rat cutaneous incision model and full‐thickness MRSA‐infected wound model indicate that the smart hydrogel can close wounds efficiently and treat infected ones, demonstrating its superiority in noninvasive treatment of cutaneous incisions and enhancing infected full‐thickness wound healing.
Development and Evaluation of a Low‐Cost LEGO 3D Bioprinter: From Building‐Blocks to Building Blocks of Life
Authors: Moukachar Ahmad , Harvey Katie , Roke Eva , Sloan Katherine , Pool Cameron , Moola Shabbir , Alshukri Ameer , Jarvis Danielle , Crews‐Rees Phoebe , McDermott Grace , Evans Lluan , Li Jin , Thomas Christopher , Coulman Sion , Castell Oliver
Published: January 2023

The development of low‐cost accessible technologies for rapid prototyping of mechanical components has democratised engineering tools for hobbyists and researchers alike. The development of analogous approaches to fabrication of soft‐matter, and biologically compatible materials containing living cells, is anticipated to be similarly enabling across multiple fields of biological research. LEGO toy construction bricks represent low‐cost, precision engineered, and versatile construction materials for rapid prototyping. This study demonstrates construction of a benchtop LEGO 3D bioprinter for additive layer manufacture of a 3D structure containing viable human skin cells within a hydrogel scaffold. 3D bioprinted structures are formed from the deposition of microfluidically generated bio‐ink droplets containing live keratinocyte skin cells, representing components toward an artificial skin model. Fluid flow rates and printer speed, together with bio‐ink gelation rate, determine droplet packing arrangement in the bioprinted structures. The printing of 3D structures containing multiple bio‐inks is demonstrated and live cells are imaged in the resulting bioprints. Fluid delivery can be achieved using LEGO pumps and readily available, or home‐3D‐printed, microfluidic components, therefore avoiding the need for any specialist microfluidic hardware. Build instructions are described to enable easy uptake, modification and improvement by other laboratories, as well provide an accessible platform for learning and education. Affordable, accessible, and easy to use tools for 3D bioprinting are anticipated to open opportunities for a greater number of research labs to work with 3D cell culture and bio‐printed materials, with bioprinting expected to assist in better understanding of disease, contribute to tissue engineering and repair, and enable personalised medicine through the printing of cultured patient cells. The presented approach is not only an easily accessible laboratory tool for bioprinting, but also provides a learning system for mechanical construction, robotics, coding, microfluidics and cell biology, making it a versatile platform for research, education, and science engagement.
Smartphone Authentication of Unclonable Anticounterfeiting Labels based on a Microlens Array atop a Microphosphor‐Doped Layer
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Gota Fabrizio , Neyret Julien , Katumo Ngei , Chauhan Aditya , Dottermusch Stephan , Richards Bryce S. , Howard Ian A.
Published: January 2023

A phosphor‐particle‐loaded microlens array on a polymer substrate offers an attractive unclonable anticounterfeiting label design. A random pattern of bright emission points is created due to the random coincidences of light focused by a microlens with an underlying phosphor microparticle. The change of the bright point patter with the angle of the incident light (owing to a shift in the locations of the focal points) makes the labels unclonable. This work examines the authentication of such labels using a single smartphone. The smartphone flashlight provides illumination whereas the camera is used for detection (optical filters prevent capture of scattered source light). A 196‐bit binary string is created from the captured images to identify which lenses in the 14 × 14 array create bright emission points for a given position of the smartphone. The classification of test and reference images as matching or not is achieved with >99% confidence, as is a 1 cm tolerance for the positioning accuracy of the smartphone. Moreover, authentication is possible for different distances between flash and camera provided this is less than 3 cm. In summary, the present work quantifies the good potential of the microlens array microphosphor unclonable label concept for authentication using a smartphone.
Nonplanar 3D Printing of Epoxy Using Freeform Reversible Embedding
Authors: Arun Neeha Dev , Yang Humphrey , Yao Lining , Feinberg Adam W.
Published: January 2023

Thermally cured thermoset polymers such as epoxies are widely used in industry and manufacturing due to their thermal, chemical, and electrical resistance, and mechanical strength and toughness. However, it can be challenging to 3D print thermally cured thermosets without rheological modification because they tend to flow and not hold their shape when extruded due to cure times of minutes to hours. 3D printing inside a support bath addresses this by allowing the liquid polymer to be held in place until the thermoset is fully cured and expands the structures that can be printed as extrusion is not limited to layer‐by‐layer. Here, the use of Freeform Reversible Embedding (FRE) to 3D print off‐the‐shelf thermoset epoxy into lattice structures using nonplanar extrusion is reported. To do this, the authors investigate how extrusion direction in 3D space impacts epoxy filament morphology and fusion at filament intersections. Furthermore, the advantages of this approach are shown by using nonplanar printing to produce lattice geometries that show ≈ four times greater specific modulus compared with lattice structures printed using other materials and printing techniques.
Self‐Feedback Sensing Properties of Self‐Powered Multi‐Parameter Meteorological Sensor with Omnidirectional Array Structure
Authors: Song Jinsha , Mu Jiliang , Mu Jinbiao , He Huicheng , Duan Zhigang , Zhang Le , Qiao Xiaojun , Geng Wenping , He Jian , Chou Xiujian
Published: January 2023

Frequent meteorological disasters pose more and more extensive threats to human life and property. However, the traditional meteorological sensors based on external power supply, for natural disaster monitoring and early warning, are severely limited in remote and unattended areas. Herein, a self‐powered multi‐parameter meteorological sensor (SMPM‐sensor) for various weather monitoring is proposed, which can monitor the weather through the feedback of electrical energy output while collecting natural energy. The designed 360° omnidirectional array structure facilitates efficient collection of all‐weather solar energy and rain energy in different directions and monitoring the light intensity without the influence of solar azimuth. Based on the four‐segmented disc‐shaped structure and the introduced Ecoflex transition layer, the frequency and amplitude of the wind electrical output can be effectively improved. Owing to structure and material optimizations, a good linearity of 0.9746 between the current and the solar illuminance is exhibited, a wide monitoring range of rainfall intensity changes from 0.1 to 11.9 mm min−1, and the linearity between wind speed and voltage frequency can be as high as 0.9986. Therefore, based on excellent sensing performances, good stability, and real‐time characteristic, the fabricated SMPM sensor provides a potential technological strategy for the field of meteorological disaster monitoring.
Reducing the risk of onion bacterial diseases: A review of cultural management strategies
Authors: Belo Tessa , du Toit Lindsey J. , LaHue Gabriel T.
Published: January 2023

Onion (Allium cepa L.) bacterial diseases can cause catastrophic crop losses. Chemical and biological control products are not curative and have mixed or limited efficacy at preventing onion bacterial diseases. Cultural management strategies, such as appropriate irrigation and nitrogen (N) management practices, can reduce the risk for bacterial infection and disease progression. This review synthesizes available literature on cultural management strategies to mitigate onion bacterial diseases and identifies knowledge gaps, promising strategies, and limitations. This synthesis revealed that high N fertilizer application rates, the use of overhead irrigation, and late‐season irrigation or rainfall, especially during field curing, can increase bacterial disease pressure. These factors contribute to conducive conditions for bacteria to colonize the foliage and neck of onion plants. Other in‐season strategies, such as reducing the total amount of irrigation or adjusting application rates of nutrients other than N, have not limited losses to bacterial bulb rots while maintaining desired yields. At the end of the growing season, appropriate timing of lifting bulbs (undercutting to sever the roots) and other practices that speed field curing can reduce the risk of bacterial bulb rots. However, it is less clear if topping (removing foliage) before or after curing influences bacterial bulb rots. Conflicting results reported for some cultural management strategies indicate that local conditions, such as climate and soil types, must be considered for optimizing practices to manage onion bacterial diseases. Advancing our scientific understanding and grower awareness of strategies that reduce onion bacterial diseases is a cost‐effective opportunity to avoid losses.
A Millimeter‐Scale Soft Robot for Tissue Biopsy Procedures
Authors: Van Lewen Daniel , Janke Taylor , Lee Harin , Austin Ryan , Billatos Ehab , Russo Sheila
Published: January 2023

While interest in soft robotics as surgical tools has grown due to their inherently safe interactions with the body, their feasibility is limited in the amount of force that can be transmitted during procedures. This is especially apparent in minimally invasive procedures where millimeter‐scale devices are necessary for reaching the desired surgical site, such as in interventional bronchoscopy. To leverage the benefits of soft robotics in minimally invasive surgery, a soft robot with integrated tip steering, stabilization, and needle deployment capabilities is proposed for lung tissue biopsy procedures. Design, fabrication, and modeling of the force transmission of this soft robotic platform allow for integration into a system with a diameter of 3.5 mm. Characterizations of the soft robot are performed to analyze bending angle, force transmission, and expansion during needle deployment. In vitro experiments of both the needle deployment mechanism and fully integrated soft robot validate the proposed workflow and capabilities in a simulated surgical setting.
Digitizing Human Motion via Bending Sensors toward Humanoid Robot
Authors: Liu Jing , Liao Fei , Chen Zhiming , Zhou Renhao , Zhong Xiaoming , Liu Bo , Wang Zaijun , He Mingyi , Lin Hongxu , Zhang Zibin , Lu Shengsheng , Zeng Leyi , Zhou Bingpu , Chen Guoning , Huang Jingchen , Huang Aiping , Luo Jianyi
Published: January 2023

A humanoid robot is an advanced representation of robot techniques. It can move like a human and possesses the ability to use human tools. Sensing and intelligent control technologies have increased the intelligence of humanoid robots. However, the dexterity of a humanoid robot is still far from that of a human. Herein, a bending sensor is introduced to detect human motion, which can thus be digitized to enable a humanoid robot to learn to be more dexterous. This bending sensor is fabricated of carbon fiber with a cascade structure, resulting in excellent characteristics, including a quantitative detection capability, high gauge factor, low hysteresis, long‐term durability, and high‐frequency response. Thus, the bending sensor can recognize both the large‐scale motion of joint bending and subtle motion of muscle contraction. Fourteen bending sensors corresponding to the 14 knuckles of the human hand can accurately recognize and digitize hand gestures. These multichannel sensors are combined with nine additional bending sensors to comprehensively digitize the grasping process of the upper limb and recognize the grasping of objects with different sizes and weights. These successful applications demonstrate that the bending sensor can open a path toward learning human behavior for a humanoid robot.
Development of a Stiffness‐Adjustable Articulated Paddle and its Application to a Swimming Robot
Authors: Kwak Bokeon , Choi Soyoung , Bae Joonbum
Published: January 2023

Stiffness of a swimming appendage is the key mediator between thrust generated and its beating frequency. Due to the advantageous role of flexible propulsors, they are widely adopted in previous swimming robots. As an optimal propulsor, stiffness is highly dependent on its beating frequency, and stiffness modulation is crucial when a robot is swimming with multiple beating frequencies. Herein, a novel swimming paddle that can switch two different stiffness states by sliding a laminate inside and its application to a swimming robot is studied. This paddle has 8 articulated joints and 20 passive flaps to achieve drag asymmetry with minimum control effort. A semiempirical model to estimate the stiffness change in good accuracy is also studied. The thrust modulation caused by stiffness change is comprehensively studied by varying frequency and range of motion. In addition, a nontethered swimming robot propelled by a bilateral pair of paddles is developed to investigate when and how the stiffness adjustment is useful. There is a threshold frequency dividing two regimes where one stiffness excels the other stiffness with respect to cost of transport. Finally, it is shown that the paddle thickness is closely related to the necessity of stiffness change mechanism.
Deep Learning Identifies HAT1 as a Morphological Regulator in Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Cells through Controlling Cell Senescence
Authors: Wu Yuefeng , Jiang Bin , Wang Qi , Liu Yuning , Wu Chuanqiang , Wu Ming , Song Hai
Published: January 2023

Histopathology is a critical approach for diagnostic tasks and precision treatment. However, histopathological deep learning tools for auto‐identification remain poorly developed. Meanwhile, the interpretation of the computer vision attention into a cellular process is less efficient in a systematic way. Herein, it is identified that histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) is an aging‐associated gene in the esophagus epithelium by machine learning. An interpretable deep learning model is developed to distinguish morphological changes with varied HAT1 expressions in esophageal squamous carcinoma cells (ESCC). The gradient‐weighted class activation mapping and prediction score analysis reveal that the computer's vision focuses on the nuclear sizes of ESCC. The hypothesized phenotype is verified in HAT1‐knockdown ESCCs. Finally, HAT1 regulating cell senescence by affecting the H3K27 acetylation and E2F transcription factor 7 (E2F7) expression is shown. Herein, the feasibility and benefits of applying histopathological deep learning assistance systems in routine practice scenarios and connecting phenotype and genotype for further genetic research are suggested.