bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost implications of achieving a gender-integrated indoor residual spraying program in southern Mozambique
Authors: Willis Derek W. , Rundle Kiri , Maartens Francois , Rea Christian Cuellar Perez , Lee Donna , Dhanai Roshantha , Patel Roopal , Cassolato Matteo , Berdnikov Maxim , Morrison Linden , Charles Sherwin , Candrinho Baltazar
Published: May 2024

Background
Progress toward gender equality in the indoor residual spraying (IRS) workforce lags behind other areas of vector control implementation and research. One reason for this may be misconceptions about the cost of implementing IRS with a higher percentage of female staff. The Tchau Tchau Malaria program in southern Mozambique has achieved high levels of gender equality in its workforce and provides a valuable case study for analyzing the impact of gender equality on the cost of annual IRS campaigns.
Methods
This study examined data from the 2020/2021 campaign of the Tchau Tchau Malaria program to understand how employing a high percentage of female spray operators affected the cost of salaries paid to spray operators during the training and implementation phases of the campaign. Salary cost estimates for the actual Tchau Tchau Malaria campaign were compared to a counterfactual scenario assuming a lower percentage of female SOs (30%), consistent with other IRS programs in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Results
Approximately 58.5% of the 2,182 spray operators employed by the 2020/2021 Tchau Tchau Malaria campaign were female. Male spray operators were slightly more productive than female spray operators. However, female spray operators were more likely to have worked with previous campaigns; therefore, the average cost of training for female spray operators was lower than the average cost of training for male spray operators. The total salary cost for the Tchau Tchau Malaria campaign compared with the counterfactual scenario differed by less than 1%.
Conclusions
Our analysis of the Tchau Tchau Malaria campaign in Mozambique, when compared to a counterfactual scenario with low gender equality, revealed that achieving a higher level of gender equality in spray operator employment had a minimal effect on the total cost of salaries paid to spray operators.
Albumin plus CEA: a novel biomarker for predicting prognosis in resectable gastric cancer: a case-control study
Authors: Li Jie , Zhao Haozong , Zhang Qianshi , Ren Shuangyi
Published: May 2024

Background
Preoperative high levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and low levels of albumin (ALB) are closely related to poor prognosis among patients with gastric cancer. This study aims to determine the prognostic value of preoperative serum ALB plus CEA levels as a new biomarker in patients with resectable gastric cancer.
Methods
A total of 329 patients with gastric cancer were included in this study. The optimal cutoff values of ALB and CEA were 4.77 ng/mL and 41.47 g/L, respectively. Patients were stratified into three groups based on these cutoff values: ALB-CEA = 0 (ALB > 41.47 g/L and CEA ≤ 4.77 ng/mL), ALB-CEA = 1 (ALB ≤ 41.47 g/L or CEA > 4.77 ng/mL), and ALB-CEA = 2 (ALB ≤ 41.47 g/L and CEA > 4.77 ng/mL). Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox proportional model were used to determine the predictive effect of the biomarker on the overall survival (OS) of patients in the training and validation sets.
Results
ALB-CEA had a larger area under the curve than ALB or CEA alone (0.703, 0.671, 0.635 in the validation set; 0.776, 0.694, 0.616 in the validation set respectively). The Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that higher ALB-CEA scores were indicative of lower survival rates (p < 0.001). Additionally, the multivariate analysis revealed that ALB-CEA was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Preoperative ALB-CEA may be a new biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. For those patients with higher preoperative ALB-CEA scores, more extensive postoperative follow-up should be performed to detect tumor progression early and intervene in time.
Comparison of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients values for selected traits of Pinus sylvestris L.
Authors: Bocianowski Jan , Wrońska-Pilarek Dorota , Krysztofiak-Kaniewska Anna , Matusiak Karolina , Wiatrowska Blanka
Published: May 2024

The Spearman rank correlation coefficient is a non-parametric (distribution-free) rank statistic proposed by Charles Spearman as a measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables. It is a measure of a monotonic relationship that is used when the distribution of the data makes Pearson's correlation coefficient undesirable or misleading. The Spearman coefficient is not a measure of the linear relationship between two variables. It assesses how well an arbitrary monotonic function can describe the relationship between two variables, without making any assumptions about the frequency distribution of the variables. Unlike Pearson's product-moment (linear) correlation coefficient, it does not require the assumption that the relationship between variables is linear, nor does it require that the variables be measured on interval scales; it can be applied to variables measured at the ordinal level. The purpose of this study is to compare the values of Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and their statistical significance for six Pinus sylvestris L. traits (original – for Pearson's coefficient and ranked – for Spearman's coefficient) estimated from all observations, object means (for trees) and medians. The results show that the linear and rank correlation coefficients are consistent (as to direction and strength). In cases of divergence in the direction of correlation, the correlation coefficients were not statistically significant, which does not imply consistency in decision-making. Estimation of correlation coefficients based on medians is robust to outlier observations and factors that linear correlation is then very similar to rank correlation.
Optimization of advance drainage borehole layout based on Visual Modflow
Authors: Li Yue , Zhang Yunpeng , Ma Yajie , Meng Fangang , Zhang Mingliang
Published: May 2024

It is an effective measure to prevent water damage in coal mine to construct drainage borehole in water-filled aquifer of working face roof. The hydrogeological parameters of the roof water-filled aquifer and the parameters of the drainage borehole are closely related to the underground drainage effect. Taking the 3085 working face of Donghuantuo Mine in Kailuan as an example, the influence degree of hydrogeological parameters and hydrophobic borehole parameters on the amount of drainage water was analyzed through the generalized grey correlation degree. Based on Visual Modflow, the 3D groundwater visualization model is established, and the dredging borehole is generalized into pumping borehole. By changing the main influencing factors, the design optimization of advanced hydrophobic borehole is discussed. The results show that the aquifer thickness has a great influence on the amount of water discharged, and the influence degree of the sharp angle between the formation and the direction of drilling, the depth of the final hole, the azimuth angle of drilling, the dip angle of drilling, the elevation of the final hole and the elevation of the borehole on the amount of water discharged decreases successively. Based on the simulation calculation, it can be observed that the hydrophobic borehole should be placed in the position with larger accumulated thickness of aquifer to have a better effect of hydrophobic depressurization.
EEG Signatures of Cognitive Decline after Mild SARS- CoV-2 Infection: An Age-Dependent Study
Authors: Sun Yike , Sun Jingnan , Chen Xiaogang , Wang Yijun , Gao Xiaorong
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives:
Current research on the neurological impact of SARS-CoV-2 primarily focuses on the elderly or severely ill individuals. This study aims to explore the diverse neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a particular focus on mildly affected children and adolescents.
Methods
A cohort study was conducted to collect pre- and post-infection resting-state EEG data from 185 participants and 181 structured questionnaires of long-term symptoms across four distinct age groups. The goal was to comprehensively evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on these different age demographics. The study analyzed EEG changes of SARS-CoV-2 by potential biomarkers across age groups using both spatial and temporal approaches.
Results
Spatial analysis indicated that children and adolescents exhibit smaller changes in brain network and microstate patterns post-infection, implying a milder cognitive impact. Sequential linear analyses showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a marked rise in low-complexity, synchronized neural activity within low-frequency EEG bands. This is evidenced by a significant increase in Hjorth Activity within the theta band and Hjorth Mobility in the delta band. Sequential nonlinear analysis indicated a significant reduction in the Hurst exponent across all age groups, pointing to increased chaos and complexity within the cognitive system following infection. Furthermore, linear regression analysis based on questionnaires established a significant positive relationship between the magnitude of changes in these neural indicators and the persistence of long-term symptoms post-infection.
Discussion
The findings underscore the enduring neurological impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection, marked by cognitive decline and increased EEG disarray. Although children and adolescents experienced milder effects, cognitive decline and heightened low-frequency electrical activity were evident. These observations might contribute to understanding potential anxiety, insomnia, and neurodevelopmental implications.
A Review on the Sediments Origin Using Geochemical Proxies and Petrographic Analysis in Cuddapah Basin
Authors: Bhat Mohd
Published: May 2024

Sedimentary rocks are the only source of information that exists physically to understand the geochemical evolution of Earth’s surface. Its crustal deformation and origination will help to understand the origin, tectonics, and palaeoweathering of clastic deposits. This study explores the same in the Cuddapah Basin (CB), Andhra Pradesh. The composition, provenance, origin, paleo-weathering, and tectonic setting of the basin are analysed using geochemical investigations, such as mineralogical, petrographical, major element, trace, and rare earth elements (REE), suggesting the importance of Nd isotopes as vital indicators of the provenance of sediments, especially in fine-grained sediments where petrography is inadequate. Differentiation between tectonic settings and origin, major elements, trace elements, and REE’s—including Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) and Heavy Rare Earth Elements (LREE) is carried using predefined ratios, where elemental ratios like Th/Sc, Th/Co, and La/Sc possesses both the higher values (indicating a crustal source) and lower values (indicating a mantle origin). The results also possess a possible felsic provenance: LREE enrichment, a flat HREE pattern, and a negative Eu-Anomaly in the study area. Further, the observed depletion of CaO and Na2O in the study area indicates high weathering conditions over time. Discriminant diagrams plotted for Th/Sc Vs La/Sc, Th/Co Vs La/Sc, and Th/Cr Vs La/Cr confirm the materials' felsic origin even further. Thus, the study confirms that the Cuddapah Basin is situated in a Rift-Collisional tectonic setting during the evaluation of the tectonic environment.
Phytochemicals from Himalayan medicinal plant, Zanthoxylum armatum, DC, (Timur), have potentials to block CYP-17, 5α-reductase and human androgen receptors to treat polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Joshi Suraj , Sharma Vinita , Bhandari Suman , Joshi Pramod , Mondal Shankar
Published: May 2024

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is primarily an endocrinological disorder responsible for anovulatory related infertility. PCOS is characterized by symptoms like hyperandrogenism, irregular menses and chronic metabolic syndromes. PCOS manifests due to overexpression of genes like CYP-17 [Cytochrome P-450 superfamily gene] along with 5α-reductase and human androgen receptors. Therapeutic drugs like metformin, spironolactone and cyproterone acetate are used to treat PCOS but it shows side effects. The Himalayan medicinal plant Zanthoxylum armatum, DC, [ZA]is traditionally used in Ayurveda for many illnesses like asthma, stomach-ache and menstrual disorders. In this study, a comparative screening were done for least binding energy (∆G) of phytochemicals for it potential to inhibit the target receptor (CYP-17, 5α-reductase and human androgen receptor) with the reference drug. PyRx and Biovia Discovery studio visualizer 2021softwares were used for virtual screening and analysis. The potential of toxicity ZA phytochemicals was also screen educing Swiss ADME software. Sixteen molecules of ZA have shown binding affinity with CYP-17, 5α-reductase and human androgen receptors. Phytochemical lupeol has shown the least binding energy [ΔG] -10.8kcal/mol with CYP-17, while hesperidin showed ΔG -12.2kcal/mol with 5α-reductase and Asarinin exhibitedΔG − 9.8kcal/mol with human androgen receptors. The drugs metformin, spironolactone and cyproterone acetate have shown ΔG ranging from − 5.0 to -11.2kcal/mol. Toxicity study showed that 12phytochemicals followed Lipinski’s rule of five. In summary, ZA phytochemicals have exhibited significant least binding energy as compared to current drugs. Thus, these phytochemicals may be used as potential lead drug molecules for target-specific in-vitro studies.
Framework for a structured evaluation process for therapeutic innovation
Authors: Mallol Elisenda Pomares , Segú Lluís , Solaguren Idoya Leguina , Catalán Arantxa , Diego Laura , Moreno Juan Oliva
Published: May 2024

Background The rate of incorporation of therapeutic innovation in the Spanish National Health System (NHS) is increasing. Its budget impact and time to access are concerns for stakeholders. The aim of this study is to define a structured framework for the evaluation of therapeutic innovations that aligns the expectations of public payers and the pharmaceutical industry.Methods The development of the evaluation involved five phases: identifying the key criteria based on a review of legal, regulatory and technical evidence; positioning the innovation according to the identified criteria through a questionnaire; constructing homogeneous archetypes of product-indication; and identifying and selecting strategies that align the interests of payers and the pharmaceutical industry.Results The key criteria identified in the Spanish setting include therapeutic need, incremental clinical benefit, budget impact, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and economic and effectiveness uncertainties. The evaluation questionnaire consisted of 7 descriptive questions and 36 evaluative questions, grouped into 9 areas of analysis. Five archetypes were defined that share similar barriers and access facilitators access, and non-exclusive strategies were proposed to reduce the identified barriers.Conclusions This framework helps to identify clinical development needs, facilitates the decision-making process and suggests appropriate reimbursement strategies. This process is most useful when there is an explicit definition of the application of decision criteria and the needs and priorities of the NHS.
Technology Use and Psychopathology among Early Adolescents in a Rural Context in Chile
Authors: Gaete Jorge , Crockett Marcelo A. , Pavez Isabel
Published: May 2024

Background: The association between technology and mental health problems among adolescents has been widely studied. However, little is known about this relationship in rural contexts, characterized by poverty, isolation, and low-income family environments. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between experiences of online risks, dependence, cyberbullying, and parental mediation with mental health outcomes among students in grades 5 to 8 living in rural areas in Chile.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural locality in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. Two hundred nineteen adolescents attending grades 5 to 8 from three state schools consented to participate. The participants answered questions regarding online risk experiences, cyberbullying, sleep routine, parental mediation, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to assess mental health problems. For this purpose, SDQ subscales were used as dependent variables, and technology use variables, cyberbullying, sleep deprivation, and parental mediation were independent variables. Multiple regression models were conducted, using gender and age as control variables.
Results: We found that exposure to online risk experiences was common, reaching up to 56.7% (“Have played online with strangers”). Victimization of cyberbullying was 22.4%, and 1 in three students reported sleeping less than 8 hours at night. Emotional and hyperactivity/inattention problems were the most prevalent psychological problems in this population. Unsolicited violent content was associated with peer problems; victimization was associated with higher emotional problems and better prosocial behavior. Perpetration was associated with a higher prevalence of conduct problems and lower prosocial behavior. Not having time to do other activities because of the technology use was associated with emotional and hyperactivity/inattention problems. Sleep deprivation was associated with emotional and conduct problems, and active parental mediation was associated with a reduction in peer problems.
Conclusions: This is the first study in Chile exploring the association between technology use and psychopathology among early adolescents in a rural context. Our results accentuate the need for continuous research efforts and targeted interventions that aim to support healthy technology use and proactively address the risk of adverse mental health outcomes within this vulnerable population.
Research on the testing duration of reliability growth planning
Authors: Li Zhongsheng , Wei Yunpin
Published: May 2024

Reliability growth plans are typically described by using reliability growth planning models that generate growth planning curves. The PM2 model, also known as the planning model based on projection methodology, is a widely used growth planning model. The PM2 model can always meet the assigned reliability target during any reliability growth testing duration, regardless of changes in the management strategy parameter and/or the fixed effectiveness factor parameter. In fact, these two parameters determine whether reliability growth testing is successful or not and how long it takes. That is, the PM2 model currently in place needs to be modified accordingly. Firstly, a sensitivity analysis is carried out on the three parameters of the PM2 model, followed by a discussion on the correlation between the product of two process management parameters and the duration of testing. Then, a relationship equation for the testing duration is constructed using these two process management parameters. Finally, an extended model for planning reliability growth has been proposed. In addition, the proposed planning model is utilized to examine an illustrated example and a real case. The results have demonstrated that the model is reasonable and reliable, as the subjective input, testing duration, was removed from the reliability growth planning model.
Practical fluid therapy in ambulatory practice
Authors: Lear Andrea
Published: May 2024

Large animal practitioners are faced with varying levels of de­hydration in both mature and neonatal cattle. The goal of this talk will be to describe and formulate fluid therapy plans in varying circumstances in an ambulatory setting. Determining dehydration, acid-base status, and electrolyte abnormalities will be reviewed. Following this presentation, the practitioner will be able to identify the proper use of oral and intravenous fluid in clinical cases and appropriate volume to be adminis­tered. Homemade fluid recipes will be discussed including pros and cons compared to commercially available products.
Clinical pharmacology - navigation tools for a world filled with generic options
Authors: Schrag Nora
Published: May 2024

Understanding the basic types of drug product approval appli­cations can be helpful when selecting products to recommend for use within a particular livestock system. Products that do not have an NADA or ANADA number have not been through any type of FDA approval process. Products with an ANADA, commonly referred to as “generics”, have an abbreviated ap­proval process through the FDA. Many products necessary for daily practice are listed in the FDA’s Green Book. This document gives several examples of specific approval types, and how that relates to the effectiveness evidence for the product in the bottle. Both a solid understanding of the effectiveness evidence generated by the approval process, as well as the context within which the product will be used is necessary to make recom­mendations for use of these products within livestock systems.
Working with nutritionists
Authors: May Matt
Published: May 2024

Veterinarians and nutritionists both are advisors to help feed­lots develop protocols, execute and monitor protocols, train of personnel, and identify new technologies. Nutritionists are responsible for supplement and ration formulation, feed addi­tive recommendations, growth promotants management, bunk management, overseeing quality control, and monitoring pro­tocol adherence. Veterinarians are responsible for arrival pro­tocols, treatment protocols, training crews on case definitions of sick animals, and monitoring morbidity and mortality. Nu­tritionists are judged on ADG, F:G, cost of gain, and metabolic disorders/mortality rates. Veterinarians are judged on pull rate and death loss outcomes, as well as costs of pharmaceutical us­age. There are many opportunities for nutritionists and veteri­narians to collaborate. It is important for each party to under­stand the general recommendations the other has in place, and where things could be tweaked to optimize efficiencies to help feedlot crew teams to execute these protocols. When challeng­ing one another, it is important to stay professional. It is also important that many of the disagreements could be alleviated with understanding why current protocols are in place, and to determine if there are opportunities to adjust the timing of events to compromise what makes most sense to the animal and the operation. As technology continues to improve through mon­itoring tools, data collection, new products and research, oppor­tunities for collaboration between professionals will continue to exist. Clear expectations and communication from all 3 parties (feedlot, veterinarian and nutritionist) are required for success.
Evaluating data for beef cattle enterprises
Authors: Behlke Eric
Published: May 2024

Establishing a data-based decision-making process is an impor­tant component of veterinary medicine, cattle production, and the interface of these 2 enterprises. There are various meth­ods that can be utilized for the decision-making process, with evidence-based decision-making being a very common method. The backbone of data-based decision making is the appropriate collection, databasing and evaluation/interpretation of the data collected.
Synchronization of the bovine estrous cycle: Current and emerging opportunities
Authors: Thomas Jordan
Published: May 2024

Controlling the bovine estrous cycle is a necessity if performing fixed-time artificial insemination or embryo transfer. Addition­ally, irrespective of the genetic objectives driving the decision to use reproductive technologies, the use of synchronization protocols often has beneficial effects on the overall reproduc­tive performance and commercial production output of a beef cattle operation. This proceedings paper provides a general review of the conceptual goals and challenges associated with synchronization of estrus, and directs readers to resources on current protocols and emerging opportunities in the field.
Beef on dairy and sexed semen strategies
Authors: Hockett Mitchell
Published: May 2024

The use of sexed dairy semen and beef semen on dairies as tools to generate genetic progress and expand revenue has evolved tremendously over the past decade to the point these tools have become integrated as part of a finely managed pro­cess often referred to as the “sexed and beef” model. Continued improvements in gender-sorting techniques and increased fer­tility of resulting products have enabled this model to evolve to become standard operating procedure for the bulk of com­mercial dairies. Planned use of gender-sorted semen allows for controlled and targeted creation of an ideal number of heifers from a specific genetic source. Reproductive programs that improve fertility of these matings in conjunction with gender sorted product that leads to high dairy heifer ratios leads to the opportunity to utilize beef semen to expand revenue potential of crossbred beef x dairy calves above that of a dairy counter­part. This talk will cover programmatic considerations to drive success of “sexed and beef” programs on dairies utilizing these tools to a) accurately calculate and plan to create heifer needs; b) optimize genetic progress and revenue generation; and c) en­large the value of beef x dairy crossbred sire selection..
Conhecimentos matemáticos para o ensino na perspectiva do Lesson Study: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Cardoso Mikaelle Barboza , Barreto Marcilia Chagas , Pinheiro Joserlene Lima
Published: May 2024

Neste artigo estão discutidos os conhecimentos matemáticos para o ensino, propostos por Ball, Thames e Phelpes (2008) em articulação com a abordagem Lesson Study (LS). Os autores compuseram esse corpo teórico voltado especificamente para a Matemática, a partir das proposições de Shulman (2014). Dessa forma, objetivou-se analisar como os conhecimentos matemáticos para o ensino se evidenciam nas pesquisas científicas que utilizam os pressupostos do LS. Para isso, foi realizado uma revisão sistemática de literatura, incluindo artigos, teses e dissertações acerca da temática, em portais nacionais e internacionais renomados da área. Concluiu-se que as pesquisas analisadas dão indicativos de evolução e/ou mobilização de todos os conhecimentos matemáticos para o ensino em articulação com a abordagem LS, alguns em maior e outros em menor escala. Também foi possível perceber que para cada etapa do ciclo de LS esses conhecimentos foram mobilizados e articulados de forma variada. Por fim, ainda são escassas as pesquisas que realizem as análises entre as atividades realizadas pelos professores, no início, durante e pós-processo de LS e de que forma essas atividades impactaram a mobilização dos conhecimentos matemáticos para o ensino.
Palavras-chave: Conhecimento Matemático para o ensino. Lesson Study. Estudos de aula. Revisão sistemática.
CaloFlow for CaloChallenge dataset 1
Authors: Krause Claudius , Pang Ian , Shih David
Published: May 2024

CALOFLOW is a new and promising approach to fast calorimeter simulation based on normalizing flows. Applying CALOFLOW to the photon and charged pion ≥ant showers of Dataset 1 of the Fast Calorimeter Simulation Challenge 2022, we show how it can produce high-fidelity samples with a sampling time that is several orders of magnitude faster than ≥ant. We demonstrate the fidelity of the samples using calorimeter shower images, histograms of high level features, and aggregate metrics such as a classifier trained to distinguish CALOFLOW from ≥ant samples.
ENDODONTIC MANAGEMENT OF RADIX ENTOMOLARIS - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Shaikh Anisa , K.C Shravya , Riteeka Kashyap Jha , H.S Deepika , Rai E. Ajay
Published: May 2024

A successful endodontic treatment is the outcome of a comprehensive knowledge of the root canal anatomy. An understanding and awareness of the possibility and occurrence of unusual anatomy is vital to an effectivetreatment.Sometimes mandibular molars may have an additional root located lingually (radix entomolaris) or buccally (radix paramolaris). This case report is of successful endodontic managementof a mandibular molar characterized as radix entomolaris.
Intimate partner violence attitudes: Who tolerates the most?
Authors: Prado Rivera Mayerli Andrea , Ortiz Hernandez Yudy Alejandra , Motta Tautiva Paula Alexandra , Garay Quevedo Orlando , Guillén Puerto Angélica Julieth
Published: May 2024

Aim: to identify whether demographic variables, the type and length of romantic relationships, and alcohol consumption were risk factors related to attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV). Method: 723 adults filled the IPVAS and a demographic survey. Results: women were less likely to accept control; participants with technical education were more likely to tolerate control and abuse; those with secondary education were at higher risk to accept physical violence, while participants aged 26-35 were at lower risk; people who were dating someone were at higher risk to tolerate control but were at a lower risk to accept physical violence; and those who consume alcohol were more likely to accept abuse. Conclusion: As attitudes toward IPV may predict its future occurrence, research on variables modulating the association between attitudes and IPV execution can strengthen evidence to implement preventive actions, in which shaping attitudes towards IPV are the primary target.
Feeding frequency efficacy on biogas yield of oily substrate anaerobic digestion in continuous stir tank reactor
Authors: Rasit Nazaitulshila , Wan Ab Karim Ghani Wan Azlina , Che Harun Mohammad Hakim , Hamzah Sofiah , Seswoya Roslinda , Siddique Md Nurul Islam
Published: May 2024

Anaerobic treatment of oily substrate, known as grease trap waste (GTW), was investigated for its practicability via continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) at different operating conditions and selected recovery strategies of feeding frequency efficacy. This study determine the performance of feeding frequency efficacy, namely feeding every 24 hours (R24H) and feeding every 12 hours (R12H). Under organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.2 gCOD/L.day, R12H exhibited methane composition of 57%, methane production rate of 0.27 LCH4/L.day, and methane yield of 0.14 LCH4/gCODremoved. At the same OLR, R24H recorded methane composition of 60%, methane production rate of 0.29 LCH4/L.day and similar methane yield as R12H. Findings indicated that R24H showed performance comparable to that of R12H. Given minor variation observed in performance, it is recommended that plant operators may consider scheduling two feedings per day for low loading conditions and switch to one feeding per day for higher loading conditions. This strategy is designed to balance the system and prevent shock loads, which could lead to plant shutdowns. This mechanism will induce their conversion to volatile fatty acids (VFAs); thus, reducing the risk of acid accumulation and pH drops, which could inhibit methanogens to produce methane, especially for oily substrate.
Determining the most appropriate stormwater management strategies within the development of urban landscape infrastructure using the TOPSIS method: applications to Rize city
Authors: Bekiryazici Fatih , Acar Cengiz
Published: May 2024

In this study, the application of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods in determining the most appropriate stormwater management strategy is examined using different areas in Rize. The determination of the most appropriate stormwater management practices for the Rize coastal park and Güneysu-Rize connection highway with TOPSIS is presented in detail within this study. In this context, commonly used applications suitable for urban areas are discussed. The criteria and their weights used for the evaluation of the selected applications were determined by consulting expert opinions from leading researchers. The most suitable applications in different scenarios such as changes in the cost or the amount of precipitation for Rize coastal park and Güneysu-Rize connection road were determined by the TOPSIS method. The TOPSIS analyses’ ranking of the ideal solutions matches the results of the SWMM simulations one to one. SWMM results confirm that the outcomes of TOPSIS are the alternatives that provide maximum decrease in surface runoff.
Prawosławny etos społeczny – definicja i wstępna charakterystyka
Authors: Ławreszuk Marek
Published: May 2024

Niniejszy artykuł formułuje i uzasadnia definicję prawosławnego etosu społecznego stanowiącego alternatywę wobec zróżnicowanych i krytykowanych w środowisku teologicznym koncepcji teologii politycznych. Opracowanie i uzasadnienie definicji prawosławnego etosu społecznego, jego umiejscowienie w przestrzeni doktryny prawosławnej, wynikające z tego przypisanie niezbędnych aksjomatów, a także wstępna charakterystyka zagadnień nim objętych pozwolą na precyzyjne określenie jego zadań, przestrzeni badawczej oraz właściwej metodologii. Realizacja wskazanych w artykule celów pozwoli na usystematyzowane przedstawienie norm relacji Cerkwi ze światem, a także ich dalszą analizę porównawczą uwzględniającą istniejące w środowisku prawosławnym zróżnicowanie, wypracowaną w Kościele rzymskokatolickim naukę społeczną Kościoła, jak również liczne koncepcje teologii politycznych.
Development and Assessment of a Prediction Model for Alzheimer's
Disease Diagnosis Based on Thermoregulation-Related Genes
Authors: Wu Yufu , Yang Jiali , Guo Linlin , Hao Dandan , Zhang Wan , Chen Hu , Pei Lin
Published: May 2024

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition
among the elderly population and the most common form of dementia, however, we lack potent
interventions to arrest its inherent pathogenic vectors. Robust evidence indicates thermoregulatory perturbations during and before the onset of symptoms. Therefore, temperature-regulated
biomarkers may offer clues to therapeutic targets during the presymptomatic stage.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to develop and assess a thermoregulation-related gene
prediction model for Alzheimer's Disease diagnosis.

Method:

This study aims to utilize microarray bioinformatic analysis to identify the potential
biomarkers of AD by analyzing four microarray datasets (GSE48350, GSE5281, GSE122063,
and GSE181279) of AD patients. Furthermore, thermoregulation-associated hub genes were
identified, and the expression patterns in the brain were explored. In addition, we explored the
infiltration of immune cells with thermoregulation-related hub genes. Diagnostic marker validation was then performed at the single-cell level. Finally, the prediction of targeted drugs was
performed based on the hub genes.

Results:

Through the analysis of four datasets pertaining to AD, a total of five genes associated
with temperature regulation were identified. Notably, CCK, CXCR4, SLC27A4, and SLC17A6
emerged as diagnostic markers indicative of AD-related brain injury. Furthermore, in the examination of peripheral blood samples from AD patients, SLC27A4 and CXCR4 were identified as
pivotal diagnostic indicators. Regrettably, animal experimentation was not pursued to validate
the data; rather, an assessment of temperature regulation-related genes was conducted. Future
investigations will be undertaken to establish the correlation between these genes and AD pathology.

Conclusion:

Overall, CCK, CXCR4, SLC27A4, and SLC17A6 can be considered pivotal biomarkers for diagnosing the pathogenesis and molecular functions of AD.
Unraveling the Ties: Type 2 Diabetes and Parkinson's Disease - A Nano-Based Targeted Drug Delivery Approach
Authors: De Sourav , Banerjee Sabyasachi , Rakshit Pallabita , Banerjee Subhasis , Kumar S.K. Ashok
Published: May 2024

The link between Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) dates back
to the early 1960s, and ongoing research is exploring this association. PD is linked to dysregulation
of dopaminergic pathways, neuroinflammation, decreased PPAR-γ coactivator 1-α, increased
phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes, and accelerated α-Syn amyloid fibril production
caused by T2DM. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the T2DM-PD association and
risk factors for PD in T2DM individuals. The study reviews existing literature using reputable
sources like Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, revealing a significant association between
T2DM and worsened PD symptoms. Genetic profiles of T2DM-PD individuals show similarities,
and potential risk factors include insulin-resistance and dysbiosis of the gut-brain microbiome.
Anti-diabetic drugs exhibit neuroprotective effects in PD, and nanoscale delivery systems
like exosomes, micelles, and liposomes show promise in enhancing drug efficacy by crossing
the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). Brain targeting for PD uses exosomes, micelles, liposomes,
dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, nano-sized polymers, and niosomes to improve medication
and gene therapy efficacy. Surface modification of nanocarriers with bioactive compounds
(such as angiopep, lactoferrin, and OX26) enhances α-Syn conjugation and BBB permeability.
Natural exosomes, though limited, hold potential for investigating DM-PD pathways in clinical
research. The study delves into the underlying mechanisms of T2DM and PD and explores current
therapeutic approaches in the field of nano-based targeted drug delivery. Emphasis is
placed on resolved and ongoing issues in understanding and managing both conditions.
Evaluation of the Effect of Neurofeedback on Polysomnographic Changes and Improvement in the Life Quality of People with HIV with Sleep Disorders: A Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Salehi Maryam , Haghighi Khosro Sadeghniiat , Mohraz Minoo , Jafari Mahdi , Nosratabadi Masoud , Manshadi Seyed Ali Dehghan , Salehi Mohamad Reza
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Sleep disorders are considered as one of the most common illnesses among people with HIV. Due to this, using neurofeedback devices to alter brain waves is implemented as a complementary therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback on changes in interrupted sleep, duration of sleep, restless legs syndrome, and improve the quality of life in people with HIV with sleep difficulties.

Methods

The current study is a clinical trial and applied type of research in which the pre-test and post-test of two interventional and placebo groups were compared. The statistical population of all patients referred to the HIV Research Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex was selected randomly. In this respect, 15 volunteer patients (9 volunteers in the treatment group and 6 volunteers in the placebo group) were chosen and placed into groups via random sampling. In addition, the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used for the evaluation of sleep quality. Data were analyzed after statistical analysis through standard tests.

Results

The results of this study showed that neurofeedback was able to cause significant changes in reducing stress levels. This treatment was able to improve the quality of life indicators in participants. Also, there were changes in polysomnographic data; however, they were not significant.

Conclusion

Based on these data, Neurofeedback therapy could be considered a complementary therapy to improve sleep disorders in people with HIV.Moreover, this treatment was able to improve the quality of life and stress indicators in these patients by improving brain waves.

Clinical Trial Registration No

IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1398.998.
Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Toor Itrat Fatima , Sajid Munazzah , Sajid Haseeb Ullah
Published: May 2024

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by
high blood glucose levels resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or
both. The disease affects millions worldwide and is a leading cause of morbidity and
mortality. Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus are
complex and involve multiple cellular and molecular processes. In this review, we
discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the
development and progression of diabetes mellitus. Specifically, we focus on the role of
pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and abnormalities in glucose
metabolism, lipids, and proteins. We also examine the contribution of genetic and
environmental factors to developing diabetes mellitus. Additionally, we highlight the
importance of targeting these molecular mechanisms for developing new and effective
therapies for managing diabetes mellitus. A better understanding of the molecular
mechanisms involved in diabetes mellitus can lead to more effective treatments and
better disease management.
Molecular Basis of Hepatitis C
Authors: Muneeb Ur Rehman  , Zain Ul Abideen Hafiz
Published: May 2024

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant cause of chronic liver disease
worldwide. The molecular basis of HCV infection and replication has been extensively
studied, leading to the identification of vital viral proteins and their interactions with
host factors. The HCV genome encodes a single polyprotein cleaved by host and viral
proteases into individual proteins, including the core, envelope glycoproteins (E1 and
E2), p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B. These viral proteins play critical
roles in virus assembly, entry, replication, and evasion of host immune responses. The
HCV envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 are responsible for virus attachment and entry
into host cells through interactions with various host receptors, including CD81,
scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), and tight junction proteins. The viral protein
NS3 has multiple functions, including protease and helicase activities, which are
critical for viral RNA replication. NS5A is an essential component of the viral
replication complex and regulates viral RNA replication, virion assembly, and
modulation of host immune responses. NS5B is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
responsible for viral RNA synthesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying HCVinduced pathogenesis and the development of chronic infection remain poorly
understood. However, recent studies have shed light on the interactions between HCV
and host factors, including the innate and adaptive immune responses and the roles of
viral proteins in modulating these responses. These insights have led to new antiviral
therapies, including direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that target viral proteins in RNA
replication. 
Molecular Basis of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Sarfraz Maliha , Sajid Sanaullah , Hayat Ullah
Published: May 2024

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the causative agent of Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a deadly disease that affects the human immune
system. HIV is a retrovirus that infects T-cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the
immune system, leading to their destruction and, ultimately, the onset of AIDS. The
molecular basis of HIV infection involves the interaction of the viral envelope protein
gp120 with the host cell receptor CD4 and a co-receptor such as CCR5 or CXCR4.
This binding triggers a conformational change in gp120 that exposes a fusion peptide,
allowing the viral envelope to fuse with the host cell membrane and release its contents
into the cytoplasm. Once inside the host cell, the viral genome is reverse-transcribed
into DNA, which is then integrated into the host cell genome by the viral integrase
enzyme. This allows the virus to replicate with the host cell and evade the immune
system's surveillance. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy, HIV continues to pose
a significant global health threat, with over 38 million people living with HIV/AIDS
worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HIV infection is critical for
developing effective treatments and vaccines to combat this deadly disease. 
The use of medications by incarcerated women: an exploratory study
Authors: Aparecida de Lima Ribeiro Renata , Guedes Morais Gonzaga de Souza Letícia , Lulio Isadora , Martins Mazoni de Miranda Maria Emília , De Paiva Domingues Mara Luiza , Carvalho Silvestre Carina
Published: May 2024

Objective: To investigate the use of medicines by women deprived of their liberty in a municipality in the east of Minas Gerais. Method: The research was conducted in three stages: (I) documentary investigation, (II) analysis of medical records, and (III) application of semi-structured questionnaires. Women deprived of liberty who were part of the prison system evaluated participated in the study. The research was carried out between June 2020 and June 2021. Result: Seventeen women deprived of their liberty participated in the study, most of them black and brown (88.24%), between 30 and 49 years old (n = 9; 52.9%), and who used a total of 56 different medications, with the psychotropic class being the most prevalent (n = 28; 50%), followed by cardiovascular system drugs (n = 15; 26.8%). Conclusion: The medications most used by study participants belonged to the class of antidepressants and antiepileptics. Furthermore, the women’s medical records lacked crucial information regarding medication use. These data, combined with difficulties in access, highlight the importance of complying with public policies in favor of comprehensive health care for women deprived of their liberty, especially the right to access and rational use of medicines.
The Association Between Personality Traits and Health-Related Quality of Life and the Mediating Role of Smoking: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chen Jiangyun , Wan Jiahuan , Wu Yibo , Gan Li , Li Haomiao , Zhou Yan , Liu Siyuan , Luo Lan , Zhou Haozheng , Yin Xuanhao , Chang Jinghui
Published: May 2024

Background

There are positive and negative correlations in different directions between smoking, personality traits, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), where smoking may mask the pathway between personality traits and HRQOL. Understanding the masking pathway of smoking between personality traits and HRQOL can elucidate the mechanisms of smoking’s psychosocial effects and provide new ideas for developing tobacco control strategies.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between Big Five personality traits and HRQOL and whether smoking mediates the relationship between them.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study using data from 21,916 respondents from the 2022 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents survey. Linear regression models were used to analyze the correlations between smoking, Big Five personality traits, and HRQOL while controlling for potential confounders. The mediating role of smoking on the association between Big Five Personality traits and HRQOL was analyzed using the Sobel-Goodman mediation test.

Results

Extraversion (β=.001; P=.04), agreeableness (β=.003; P<.001), and neuroticism (β=.003; P<.001) were positively correlated with HRQOL, whereas openness was negatively correlated with HRQOL (β=–.001; P=.003). Smoking was associated with a decrease in HRQOL and mediated the positive effect of HRQOL on extraversion (z=−2.482; P=.004), agreeableness (z=−2.264; P=.02), and neuroticism (z=−3.230; P=.001). Subgroup analyses further showed that smoking mediated the effect of neuroticism on HRQOL in the population with chronic illnesses (z=−2.724; P=.006), and in the population without chronic illnesses, smoking contributed to the effect of HRQOL on extraversion (z=−2.299; P=.02), agreeableness (z=−2.382; P=.02), and neuroticism (z=−2.213; P=.03).

Conclusions

This study provided evidence that there is a correlation between personality traits and HRQOL. It also found that smoking plays a role in mediating the connection between personality traits and HRQOL. The development of future tobacco control strategies should consider the unique traits of each individual’s personality, highlighting the significance of extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.