bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crowd Pleaser: The Remaking of Property Rights in Digital Spaces
Authors: Kreiczer-Levy Shelly
Published: June 2023

This article explores the remaking of classical liberal rights in digital spaces, with a focus on property rights in artificial intelligence (AI) crowds. The rise of crowds in digital and technological spaces has created new opportunities for users, but their accumulated contributions create added value for the platforms and manufacturers that manage the crowd, leading to a curtailment of individual autonomy. The article identifies two parallel processes that characterize individuals’ involvement in digital crowds: manufacturers construct the property rights of individual users as crowd-based rights, while also working to de-crowd users in other contexts. The article compares crowd-based rights to potential group rights and individual rights in non-digital spheres, exposing the weakness of manufacturer-constituted crowd-based rights. The article concludes by discussing possible legal conceptions of the crowd and its governance.
Fabrication and characterization of microencapsulated dimethyl adipate phase change material with melamine-formaldehyde shell for cold thermal energy storage in coating
Authors: Waghmare Bhagyashree Vasantrao , Mahanwar Prakash A.
Published: June 2023

Microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) was synthesized by using the in-situ polymerization technique. Dimethyl adipate (DMA) and melamine-formaldehyde were used as core and shell material for polymerization respectively. Sodium laureate sulphate (SLS) is used as a surfactant. The thermal properties were characterized by using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to confirm the chemical structure. The morphology of microcapsules was studied by using, scanning electron microscopy. DSC result of MPCM has been observed to melt at 10.09 °C with melting latent enthalpy 88 J/g and crystallizes at 4.69 °C with crystallization latent heat 89.50 J/g. TGA analysis confirms increases in the thermal stability of MPCM. The decorative coating was prepared with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 % MPCM loading, and the prepared paint was tested for pencil hardness, gloss, and stain resistances. The thermal energy transfer rate was used to measure how much time coated panel took to reach the equilibrium temperature of 25 °C. Coating with 20 % MPCM loading revealed good thermal storage capacity but other general coating properties deteriorate.
II. Die Königsgerichtsbarkeit und das privilegium fori im deutschen Spätmittelalter (1273–1400)
Authors: Taguchi Masaki
Published: June 2023

This article studies the relationship between the German royal jurisdiction and the clerical privilege about jurisdiction (privilegium fori) from 1273 to 1400. In investigating this it is important to consider that many conflicts in which the clergy participated were decided at the sovereign court through reconciliation and arbitration. From the end of the 13th century to the begin of the 14th century, the privilegium fori was respected in principle at the rulers‘ courts, but the privilege was invalid when a cleric fell into conflict with the king himself. Especially clerics with good connections to the court – such as the clerical princes – began to submit to the royal jurisdiction. At the end of the reign of the Wittelsbach Louis IV clerical cases were often treated at the sovereign court during a severe confrontation between the emperor and the Curia. At the same time the imperial court tribunal began to be active. From the middle of the 14th century, under the Luxemburg emperor Charles IV, the clerical privileges of the suit and forms of the process at the ruler court developed further. If the court tribunal had accepted lawsuits against the clergy, Charles IV intervened in favor of the defendant. At the end of the 14th century, under Wenceslas, the parties promoted the ‘Verrechtlichung‘ of the Holy Roman Empire in the later middle ages.
IV. Erzählen vor Gericht: Die Basler Zeugenverhörprotokolle der Jahre 1475–1480
Authors: Signori Gabriela
Published: June 2023

Since the 13th century, the interrogation of witnesses has been firmly anchored in medieval finding of justice. Theory and practice are in a reciprocal relationship with society, which recurs to testimonies in order to find justice. The level of reflection in the law books is high. Particular attention is paid to the question of who must be excluded from the witness stand, whereas the question of who is suitable is of secondary interest. On the one hand, the law books identify groups of people who are to be excluded, on the other hand, they discuss time-specific forms of social solidarities and hostilities from which bias results. In legal practice, the relationship between law and society presents itself as a tense one. As in Marseille (14th century), the balance can be favoured by the procedure (catalogue of questions) in favour of society, and social solidarities can homogenise the witness depositions. But the same procedure can also individualise them in the sense of the law, as in Aragón in the 15th and 16th century. In the late medieval Rhine metropolis of Basel, on which this contribution focusses, the balance also turns out in favour of the law, though the individual testimony does not follow a fixed grid of questions.
V. Securitas. Die Debatte um Unverletzlichkeit und Immunität in der politischen und Rechtstheorie der Diplomatie vom 13. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert
Authors: Kleinschmidt Harald
Published: June 2023

Securitas. Debating Inviolability and Immunity in the Legal and Political Theory of Diplomacy, Thirteenth to Eighteenth Century. The essay examines the legal aspects of the transformation of the rules governing the protection of diplomatic agents from the ancient law of hospitality into treaties guaranteeing extraterritoriality. The transformation involved the shift of the derivation of these rules from natural to positive law around 1800. In material respects, it entailed the recasting of diplomatic agents catagorised as a specifically vulnerable group of professionals into a group of specially privileged representatives of sovereign states and their perceived interests.
VI. Freedom of Testation in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Legislation
Authors: le Dret Valentin Pinel
Published: June 2023

Contrary to what one could have deduced from art. 2 and 17 of the Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen, where property had been elevated as a natural right, imprescriptible, inviolable, and sacred, and art. 537 and 544 of the Code civil, where the owners had been given the right to use in the most absolute way and dispose freely of their property, neither the Revolutionary nor the Napoleonic lawmakers thought of the right of disposing freely of one’s property upon death as self-evident. Although there had been a long tradition of testamentary succession in the South of France, the right to dispose freely of one’s properties by testament led to tensions as to its articulation with the pro-intestate customs of the Northern provinces – in 1789–1804 French private law(s) had indeed not yet been unified and the unification process had given rise to several rearguard arguments in favour of local idiosyncrasies –, but most importantly, it led to tensions as to its articulation with the institution of family, one of the pillars, along with property, of the new social order that had emerged from the ruins of the Ancien Régime: the bourgeois society.
VIII Das Reichsoberhandelsgericht als Cour de Cassation für Elsass-Lothringen und seine Rechtsprechung in Zivilsachen (1871–1879)
Authors: Löhnig Von Martin
Published: June 2023

The Reichsoberhandelsgericht as Cour de Cassation for Alsace-Lorraine and its jurisdiction in civil matters. From 1871 to 1879, the Reichsoberhandelsgericht functioned as the Supreme Court of the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine. The article deals with the establishment of this Supreme Court and analyses its jurisdiction in civil matters. Special attention is paid to the court’s handling of the French civil law applicable in the Reichsland.
Ergänzungen zu „Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters und ihre Handschriften“
Authors: Oppitz Ulrich-Dieter
Published: June 2023

This article presents newly discovered manuscripts and single leaves of German-language customary law books. It describes variations to the manusripts and single leaves listed in U.-D. Oppitz, “Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters”, vol. II, Cologne 1990.
Ius commune on the Periphery? A Study of Peasants’ Wills in Poland in the XV–XVII centuries
Authors: Sorka Kamil
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to an analysis of the corpus of wills of peasants living in the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the Middle Ages and the early modern era. This was inspired and based on a recent source edition compiled by Janusz Łosowski. The most important institutions of the peasant will, its normative context and the possible influence of the ius commune are analyzed.
Konrad Maurers Briefe in öffentlichen Sammlungen. Ein Nachtrag
Authors: Fix Hans
Published: June 2023

Further research in Konrad Maurer’s letters led to findings both in the Bavarian State Library as well as in private ownership. To his letters from Christiania can be added a very personal fatherly letter to his young son Fritz.
Agrarrechtsgeschichte – ein konstitutiver Gegenstand der Erforschung landschaftsbezogener Rechtsgemeinschaften
Authors: Deter Gerhard
Published: June 2023

Ever since regional history has developed as an independent discipline alongside national/state history, the historical landscape has been seen independent of the boundaries of the 19th century. By elaborating the legal phenomena of a historical landscape, legal historians can also contribute substantially to the goals of historical regional studies. With his dissertation discussed here, Esser takes up the problem of the so-called ground release as part of the agrarian reforms or peasants’ liberation at the beginning of the 19th century, which, however, he examines only within the boundaries of one West German territory, the Duchy of Julich. Thus, he misses the opportunity to embed his subject in the larger framework of the landscape-based legal community of the Rhineland. Nevertheless, his account makes an important contribution to the study of land release as part of the agrarian reforms in Germany.
II. Power as Privilege: The Maxim Privilegium meretur amittere, qui potestate sibi concessa abutitur
Authors: Brasington Bruce
Published: June 2023

We trace the transmission and influence of a late-antique maxim, “Privilegium meretur amittere, qui potestate sibi concessa abutitur” [PMA] down to the early modern period. Appearing first in a decretal of Pope Simplicius, it spread not only through the canon law but also into a variety of other texts, for example theological and political treatises. PMA deserves attention alongside the more famous “Quod omnes tangit, ab omnibus approbetur” through its contribution to the idea of limited government.
Closer to Citizens or Ticking Boxes? Political Parties and Participatory Practices in Hungary
Authors: Oross Daniel , Gherghina Sergiu
Published: June 2023

Political parties use participatory practices to connect with their members and with the broader electorate. While substantial research indicates how people get involved, very little is known about why political parties use participatory practices. The present article addresses this gap in the literature and seeks to identify the reasons parties do so. We elaborate an analytical framework that includes three main categories of explanations: party characteristics, internal dynamics, and external dynamics. Our analysis focuses on Hungary, explores party statutes and manifestos, and relies on 26 semi-structured interviews with party elites from ten political parties. The findings indicate that parties have several purposes in mind, which vary across parties, that are often linked to broader concerns about citizen engagement and to attempts to give members a voice in internal and external decision-making processes.
Pious Labor: Islam, Artisanship, and Technology in Colonial India
Authors: Lanzillo Amanda
Published: June 2023

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, working-class people across northern India found themselves negotiating rapid industrial change, emerging technologies, and class hierarchies. In response to these changes, Indian Muslim artisans began publicly asserting the deep relation between their religion and their labor, using the increasingly accessible popular press to redefine Islamic traditions “from below.” Centering the stories and experiences of metalsmiths, stonemasons, tailors, press workers, and carpenters, Pious Labor examines colonial-era social and technological changes through the perspectives of the workers themselves. As Amanda Lanzillo shows, the colonial marginalization of these artisans is intimately linked with the continued exclusion of laboring voices today. By drawing on previously unstudied Urdu-language technical manuals and community histories, Lanzillo highlights not only the materiality of artisanal production but also the cultural agency of artisanal producers, filling in a major gap in South Asian history.
From Booms to Bans
Authors: Lu Juliet , Smith Hilary
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we examine the extensive use of bans (temporary prohibitions or moratoriums) on resource exploitation activities by the government of Laos as an authoritarian environmental governance tool. We focus on bans enacted recently in three sectors: on the granting of land concessions in 2012, on the expansion of banana plantations in 2014, and on logging exports in 2016. Bans have long been used in Laos, particularly in the forestry sector, despite their considerable political risk and economic costs, the way they contradict state actors’ promotion of these same activities as drivers of development, and their past ineffectiveness. Most cases in the environmental authoritarian literature explore authoritarian states with a strong capacity to employ top-down governance tools. We argue, in contrast, that the Lao government’s repeated use of bans instead of other effective governing tools, such as more incremental, conditional, or incentive-based policies, reflects not strong state capacity but rather the limits to its implementing and enforcement capacity. The bans examined emerge from central–local divides, unregulated village land leasing, and failures to extract state revenues, and we interpret them as central-state efforts to consolidate and assert a more centralized, command-and-control authority over the country’s land and resources.
Homotypic SCOTIN assemblies form ER‐endosome membrane contacts and regulate endosome dynamics
Authors: Yun Hyeri , Jung Minkyo , Lee Hojin , Jung Sungjin , Kim Taehyeon , Kim Nari , Park Seung‐Yeol , Kim Won Jong , Mun Ji Young , Yoo Joo‐Yeon
Published: June 2023

The ER regulates the spatiotemporal organization of endolysosomal systems by membrane contact. In addition to tethering via heterotypic interactions on both organelles, we present a novel ER‐endosome tethering mechanism mediated by homotypic interactions. The single‐pass transmembrane protein SCOTIN is detected in the membrane of the ER and endosomes. In SCOTIN‐knockout (KO) cells, the ER‐late endosome contacts are reduced, and the perinuclear positioning of endosomes is disturbed. The cytosolic proline‐rich domain (PRD) of SCOTIN forms homotypic assemblies in vitro and is necessary for ER‐endosome membrane tethering in cells. A region of 28 amino acids spanning 150–177 within the SCOTIN PRD is essential to elicit membrane tethering and endosomal dynamics, as verified by reconstitution in SCOTIN‐KO cells. The assembly of SCOTIN (PRD) is sufficient to mediate membrane tethering, as purified SCOTIN (PRD), but not SCOTIN (PRDΔ150‐177), brings two different liposomes closer in vitro. Using organelle‐specific targeting of a chimeric PRD domain shows that only the presence on both organellar membranes enables the ER‐endosome membrane contact, indicating that the assembly of SCOTIN on heterologous membranes mediates organelle tethering.
“MUCH OF OUR COUNSELLING IS ABOUT YOUR FACIAL EXPRESSION AND AUTHENTICITY”: SCHOOL-BASED COUNSELLING DURING COVID-19 IN KWAZULU-NATAL PROVINCE
Authors: Warria Ajwang’ , Coleman Kerry-Jane , Chadambuka Cyndirela
Published: June 2023

Maintaining therapeutic care of learners during and after COVID-19 in South Africa has required significant changes to the way that counselling is provided in schools. While some of these changes are well documented, there are critical gaps regarding the experiences of school counsellors during the pandemic period, globally and in South Africa. Hence this qualitative study sought to explore the experiences of school psychosocial practitioners who are rendering supportive services in private schools in KwaZulu-Natal Province. While the findings show that remote/online therapy is a valid option, all schools should ensure that therapists have adequate resources and the necessary collaboration to provide effective services to the school community. Furthermore, interpersonal, organisational, practice, policy and advocacy-oriented adaptations are required in establishing transformative interventions in all schools to address trauma. Keywords: counselling, COVID-19, psychosocial intervention, schools, South Africa
MANAGEMENT TASKS OF SOCIAL WORKERS SUPERVISING EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT (ECD) CENTRES: IDENTIFYING THE AREAS FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ronaasen Jessica , Engelbrecht Lambert K
Published: June 2023

Early Childhood Development (ECD) has become a priority area of social work, in both developed and developing countries. In this article, the term ECD supervisors refers to the social workers working with ECD centres in the capacity of supervisor. These social workers can provide valuable insight into the unique management tasks and associated professional development areas uniquely required when working in the ECD sector. The goal of this conceptual article is to identify these professional development areas of management tasks required from social workers who supervise ECD centres. Ultimately, these management tasks are synthesised into three categories, namely tasks which require technical, relational and administrative skills respectively. This is an attempt to preserve the institutional memory of South African social workers, given the current shift of ECD governance functions from the Department of Social Development to the Department of Basic Education.
PERCEPTIONS OF NYAOPE USERS REGARDING THERAPEUTIC SERVICES AT PRIVATE IN-PATIENT TREATMENT CENTRES IN GAUTENG
Authors: Zwane Noxolo Chairmaine Minenhle , Geyer Stephan
Published: June 2023

National data indicate that young adults are increasingly vulnerable to the harmful use of nyaope –an illicit drug. Consequently, there is a need for appropriate treatment services. This study aimedto explore and describe the experiences of nyaope users regarding therapeutic services at privatein-patient treatment centres in Gauteng, South Africa. A qualitative study operationalised througha case study design, specifically an instrumental case study, involved 11 cases/participants whowere recruited through a three-phase non-probability sampling process at treatment centres in twoGauteng metropoles. Following a method of reflexive thematic analysis, four themes withassociated sub-themes, are reported. Recommendations focus on tailored service delivery attreatment centres and addressing limitations in policies. Keywords: Nyaope, treatment centre, in-patient treatment, therapeutic services, case study design, substance use disorder, Gauteng province
Association between preoperative glucose- lowering medication agents and the status of type 2 diabetes mellitus after bariatric surgery
Authors: Raja Haseem , Ebrahim Saarah , Mamidanna Ravikrishna , Patel Krashna , Askari Alan , Arhi Chanpreet , Munasinghe Aruna , Rashid Farhan , Al-Taan Omer , Jambulingam Periyathambi , Whitelaw Douglas , Jain Vigyan , Zalin Anjali , Rehman Tariq , Asil MD Tanveer
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with morbid obesity. This study investigates whether duration of diabetes and anti-diabetes therapy are associated with glycaemic control after surgery in a routine clinical setting.
Method: A cohort analysis of a prospectively maintained database was carried out for consecutive bariatric operations performed between April 2017 and March 2018 for patients with T2DM.
Results: A total 105 patients with T2DM underwent bariatric surgery (89 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 16 sleeve gastrectomy). Median follow-up was 19 months ([interquartile range] IQR 13-24 months). Median weight and body mass index (BMI) on the day of surgery were 125 kg (IQR 103.9- 138.7) and 42.4 kg/m2 (IQR 39-46.8), respectively. At follow- up, 68 patients (64.8%) had achieved remission of diabetes. Patients who were pre-operatively on more than one glucose-lowering medication were less likely to go into remission (odds ratio [OR] 0.13, 95% CI 0.04-0.44, p=0.001) compared to those that were on a single glucose-lowering medication agent. Pre-operative use of insulin therapy (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.03-0.31, p=<0.001) and SGLT2 inhibitors (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.05-0.92, p=0.038) were signiﬁcant negative predictors of remission. Type of operation (p=0.34), pre-operative BMI (p=0.99), and % total weight loss (TWL) (p=0.83) did not predict remission from T2DM after surgery.
Conclusions: Most patients who are medicated for T2DM can stop their glucose-lowering medication after bariatric surgery. Patients who are on multiple glucose-lowering medication agents or those dependent on insulin or SGLT2 inhibitors before bariatric surgery are less likely to undergo complete remission >12 months after bariatric surgery.
EL DISEÑO DE INTERIORES EN BUENOS AIRES DE 1880 A 1930. EL CONSUMO DE MUEBLE EUROPEO Y SUS AGENTES COMERCIALES
Authors: Fernández García Ana María
Published: June 2023

Este trabajo aspira a explicar el consumo de muebles en la capital argentina en el periodo conocido como la Belle Époque (1880-1930), un momento de llegada masiva de inmigrantes europeos y de despegue espectacular de la economía del país. En la adquisición de amueblamiento para el hogar se identifican dos tendencias: la afrancesada, vinculada a las clases más privilegiadas, y la británica, extendida entre las clases medias. Además, desde 1910 estas dos inclinaciones decorativas convivirán con un neocolonial reivindicado a nivel intelectual por algunos pensadores argentinos. En estos patrones de consumo, que explican la singularidad de una sociedad multicultural, postcolonial y constructora de una nueva identidad como país, se han identificado las principales casas comerciales de la ciudad.
La construcción emocional de los ciudadanos hacia los líderes políticos: Elecciones Generales de España de noviembre de 2019
Authors: Maneiro Crespo Elba , González Quinzán Serafín , Vicente Iglesias Gemma
Published: June 2023

La creciente polarización política, el auge de los partidos de extrema derecha o la crisis catalana; son tan solo algunos de los ejemplos más recientes en los que podemos observar el ya incuestionable rol de las emociones en nuestra realidad política. De la mano del desarrollo de la psicología política, las emociones se han venido interpretando como una variable explicativa más del comportamiento político. Eso sí, la huella de ese dominio de la perspectiva psicológica se ha plasmado en un concepto de emoción básicamente individual y reactivo. Nos preguntamos si esta forma de acercarnos hasta la compleja relación política-emociones es la más adecuada. Aquí buscamos recuperar algunas de las ideas clave de la óptica constructivista de las emociones y conjugarlo con el análisis contemporáneo de las mismas. Abordamos las emociones como el fenómeno a explicar e identificaremos los elementos configuradores del proceso de construcción emocional. Presentaremos cuatro modelos de ecuaciones estructurales donde testaremos los elementos aquí propuestos como constitutivos de la emoción. Las emociones analizadas (odio y miedo) serán las dirigidas hacia los dos principales líderes políticos (Pedro Sánchez y Pablo Casado) en el contexto posterior a las Elecciones Generales de España del 10 de noviembre de 2019.
Masaharta, hijo del PSA y rey Painedjem I
Authors: Lull José
Published: June 2023

El estudio de Masaharta sirve para introducirnos en la dinámica que parece regir el nombramiento de los PSA tebanos durante el gobierno de Painedjem I, modelo que después será igualmente aplicado durante el mandato de Menkheperra. La documentación existente de Masaharta y su análisis, además, amplía nuestro conocimiento sobre el origen e influencia de la familia de sacerdotes que dominaron el ámbito tebano durante la dinastía XXI y la importancia que para los PSA tebanos tuvieron lugares lejanos a Tebas como el-Hibeh.Palabras clave: Primer Sacerdote de Amón, Tebas, dinastía XXI, el-Hibeh, Painedjem I, Masaharta, Tercer Período Intermedio.AbstractMasaharta serves to introduce us to the dynamic that seems to govern the appointment of the Theban High Priest of Amun during the government of Pinudjem I, model that will also be applied later during the mandate of HPA and King Menkheperre. Masaharta existing documentation and its analysis also serves to expand our understanding of the origin and influence of the family of priests who dominated the Theban area during XXIst Dynasty and the importance that places as far away from of Thebes as el-Hibeh had for the Theban HPA.Keywords: High Priest of Amun, Thebes, XXI dynasty, el-Hibeh, Pinudjem I, Masaharta, Third Intermediate Period.
Apuntes teóricos sobre el poder del lenguaje en la literatura mortuoria del Reino Antiguo y el Reino Medio
Authors: Morales Antonio J.
Published: June 2023

La función performativa de los Textos de las Pirámides ha sido señalada en numerosos trabajos que tratan del papel ritual y mágico de este corpus para beneficio del difunto y su travesía al Más Allá. Sin embargo, no existen estudios sobre la naturaleza ilocucionaria de los textos que componen el corpus, de su lenguaje y de las transformaciones que experimenta en los diversos contextos socio-culturales del Reino Antiguo y el Reino Medio. En esta contribución examino este corpus a la luz de diversas teorías lingüísticas sobre la performatividad, la estructura y la semántica de los rituales. Asimismo, se hace hincapié en la emergencia de un corpus de estas características en el antiguo Egipto como resultado de un proceso de entextualización de materiales orales previos.Palabras clave: Literatura mortuoria, Textos de las Pirámides, lenguaje, oralidad, escritura, recitaciones, rituales.AbstractThe performative function of the Pyramid Texts have been outlined in several works dealing with the ritual and magical role of the corpus for the benefit of the deceased and his journey to the afterlife. However, there are no studies on the illocutionary nature of the texts in the corpus, their language and the transformations experienced through the various socio-cultural contexts in the Old and Middle Kingdoms. In this paper I examine the corpus through various linguistic theories on the performativity, structure and semantics of rituals. Likewise, I underline the emergence of this corpus in ancient Egypt as the result of a process of entextualization of previous oral materials.Keywords: Mortuary literature, Pyramid Texts, language, orality, writing, spells, rituals.
Belzoni. Las mil caras de un aventurero insaciable
Authors: Pons Mellado Esther
Published: June 2023

El redescubrimiento de Egipto a finales del siglo XVIII abrirá las puertas a un nutrido número de personajes en busca de aventuras y oportunidades. Entre ellos se encuentra la controvertida figura de Giovanni Battista Belzoni (1778-1823), quien durante los años que permaneció en el país del Nilo (1815- 1819), no sólo llevó a cabo importantes descubrimientos como las tumbas de Seti I y Ramsés I, sino que adquirió, bajo el auspicio del cónsul inglés, Henry Salt, gran cantidad de piezas que hoy forman parte de colecciones públicas y privadas.Palabras clave: Belzoni, tumbas, Abu Simbel, Pirámide de Kefrén, Coloso.AbstractThe rediscovery of Egypt in the late 18th century marked the arrival of a large number of people seeking adventures and opportunities. Among them was the controversial figure of Giovanni Battista Belzoni (1778- 1823) who, during the years he was living in the country of the Nile (1815-1819), not only did he conduct important discoveries such as the tombs of Seti I and Ramses I, but acquired, under the auspices of the English consul Henry Salt, a large amount of objects that today are in public and private collections.Keywords: Belzoni, tombs, Abu Simbel, Kefren’s Pyramid, Colossus.
El vaso de Amenhotep II en Pontevedra
Authors: Jaramago Miguel , Castel Elisa
Published: June 2023

Presentación de un vaso egipcio de alabastro del Museo de Pontevedra, con información epigráfica. Su estudio permite reconocer que estamos ante una pieza del faraón Amenhotep II procedente, probablemente, del templo de la diosa Nekhbet en Elkab.Palabras clave: Amenhotep II, Nekhbet, vaso de piedra, inscripción jeroglífica, Elkab, depósito fundacional.AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to publish an Egyptian stone vase housed in the Museo de Pontevedra. The epigraphical analysis shows that the piece was made under the reign of the pharaoh Amenhotep II. Likewise it probably comes from the temple of the goddess Nekhbet at Elkab.Keywords: Amenhotep II, Nekhbet, stone vase, hieroglyphic inscription, Elkab, foundation deposit, Museo de Pontevedra.
Notes on the cult of the Theban gods at Tanis: a general of Psusennes I
Authors: Villar Gómez Alba María
Published: June 2023

The General Wendjebaendjedet was a man of prominence at Psusennes I’ court. Even thought his origins are unknown, a possible family relationship with the royal family is being suggested in order to explain the unprecedented status that he attained: he was buried within the king’s own tomb; his exceptionally rich tomb group consisted of the typical Eleventh-Tenth Centuries BC royal funerary goods; and his impressive titulary included high-ranking military, civil and priestly titles. Focusing the attention on his sacerdotal and administrative duties on behalf of Khonsu in Thebes Neferhotep, we are going to have a closer look to the official cult of the Theban triad at Tanis and the role played by Wendjebaendjedet within the cult of the son and heir of Amun and Mut.Keywords: 21st Dynasty, Theban triad, Khonsu in Thebes Neferhotep, Tanis, Psusennes I, Wendjebaendjedet.ResumenEl General Wendjebaendjedet fue un hombre de vital importancia en la corte de Psusennes I. Aunque sus orígenes son desconocidos, se le ha vinculado con la familia real para explicar el estatus sin precedentes que adquirió: fue enterrado en la tumba del monarca, su excepcional ajuar funerario está compuesto por elementos propios de los ajuares reales de los siglos XI-X a. C. y, durante su carrera, ostentó una amplia titulatura, que incluía tanto altos cargos civiles y militares como sacerdotales. Centrando la atención en sus funciones sacerdotales y administrativas vinculadas al dios Khonsu en Tebas Neferhotep, vamos a analizar algunos aspectos de la veneración a la tríada tebana en Tanis y a valorar el papel que pudo desempeñar Wendjebaendjedet en el culto oficial al hijo y heredero de Amón y Mut.Palabras clave: Dinastía XXI, tríada tebana, Khonsu en Tebas Neferhotep, Tanis, Psusennes I, Wendjebaendjedet.
«De re rustica»… in extrema pars mundi. Agricultura, parcelas y canales en Dehistán durante la Edad del Hierro (1500-500 a. C.). Notas en Izat Kuli
Authors: Córdoba Joaquín Mª
Published: June 2023

La práctica de la agricultura ha sido una de las cuestiones siempre presentes en la investigación sobre los pueblos del Oriente antiguo. Plantas, personas y propiedad o transmisión de la misma han sido atendidas por las ciencias de la naturaleza o la Filología y la Historia Antigua. Sin embargo, una demostración arqueológica sobre el terreno, para identificar espacios de roturación o formas de parcelas parece improbable. Al fin y al cabo, los miles de años transcurridos sobre la tierra cultivada de las áreas rurales parecen impedir su hallazgo a través de la arqueología. Sin embargo, algunos descubrimientos recientes apuntan inesperados resultados: la imagen nítida de la agricultura en el yacimiento arqueológico. Unas circunstancias ambientales lo han hecho posible, por ejemplo, en el desierto del Dehistán (Turkmenistán).Palabras clave: Arqueología de la agricultura, Edad del Hierro en Asia Central, parcelas, canales, acequias.AbstractAgriculture has been a recurrent topic in the study of ancient Near Eastern civilizations. Natural Sciences, Philology or Ancient History have focused on plants, people, property and property transfer. However, due to thousands of years of continued use in rural areas, archaeological evidence identifying parcels of agricultural land and their features seem impossible. Nevertheless, recent findings point to unexpected and promising results: environmental circumstances in the desert of Dehistan (Turkmenistan) make possible to have a clear image of agriculture in an archaeological site.Keywords: Archaeology of agriculture, Central Asia Iron Age, parcels of land, channels, ditches
Bär und Baum - Oso y Madroño. Kulturhistorische Betrachtung einer Motivtypengruppe im Alten Orient und in der Spanischen Heraldik
Authors: Stiehler Gisela
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates the typology and role of the brown bear, Ursus arctos, in the iconography of the Ancient Near East and Europe, with the aim of illuminating the special combination of the images “bear and tree” thematically. Though it focuses on the natural behaviours of the bears this motif only emerges sporadically in ancient oriental, sasanid and late Roman art. However, the topos bear and vegetation or bear as constellation also appear in medieval islamic miniatures. Within the European heraldry, it forms the coat of arms for the city of Madrid “oso y madroño”, where there is an additional astronomical dimension because of the 7 stars. There does not seem to be any direct tradition of this motif deriving from the ancient oriental analogies, but there are close parallels to examples from late Roman mosaic art. The theme itself contains multilayer significance which might be impacted by different denotations.Keywords: Bear, bear and fruit-bearing tree, dancing bear, typology, middle Uruk period, Nimrud plate, chlorite vessel, Great Lyre of Ur, heraldry, coat of arms of the city of Madrid, constellation ursa major, Mayrit.ResumenEste artículo investiga la tipología y el papel que juega el oso pardo (Ursus arctos), representado en la iconografía del Próximo Oriente antiguo y Europa, con la intención de iluminar temáticamente la combinacion visual de las imágenes de “el oso/osa y el árbol”. Aunque la constante del motivo se funda en la observación de la naturaleza, es sorprendentemente raro que sólo aparezca esporádicamente en el arte del antiguo Oriente y de la Roma tardía. Además, hay diferentes complejos niveles de significación en cada ejemplo. Se ha tomado en consideración las miniaturas islamicas en tiempos mediavales que ponen el oso en diversas escenas. En la heráldica europea, el motivo de “el Oso y el Madroño” forma parte del escudo de la villa de Madrid, donde se percibe en sus 7 estrellas una dimensión astronómica, haciendo alusión a las constelaciones de la Osa Mayor o de la Osa Menor. Las analogías orientales no nos dan pruebas de la tradición histórica del motivo, pero hay un estrecho paralelo con mosáicos romanos tardíos que, posiblemente, puedan haber inspirado el diseño del escudo de Madrid.Palabras clave: oso/osa, oso y árbol con frutas, oso bailarín, tipología, periodo medio Uruk, plato de Nimrud, vasija de clorito, gran arpa de Ur, escudo de la villa de Madrid, constelación ursa major, Mayrit
El rol de la transferencia internacional de herramientas para la regulación del cannabis en Uruguay
Authors: Musto Clara
Published: June 2023

El factor internacional ha sido un aspecto importante en la elaboración de políticas de drogas a nivel nacional. El análisis de los mecanismos de transferencia internacional de políticas refiere a las acciones intencionales de actores significativos para involucrase en el intercambio de políticas, acuerdos administrativos, instituciones e ideas de un sistema político a otro. Este tipo de proceso ha sido identificado como clave en la literatura para entender la difusión de herramientas de guerra contra las drogas, centrada en la venta, así como de la reducción de riesgos y daños, enfocada en los usuarios. En un contexto de creciente experimentación de modelos de control del cannabis en países de Occidente, este estudio explora el rol de la transferencia internacional de herramientas para la regulación del cannabis en Uruguay. El análisis se basa en la observación participante del proceso (2007-2014) y entrevistas formales e informales con una red de aproximadamente cincuenta informantes compuesta por miembros del poder legislativo (n=once), del poder ejecutivo (n=cuatro), del poder judicial (n=uno), representantes de la sociedad civil nacional (n=dieciséis), de la sociedad civil internacional (n=trece) y profesionales (n=cinco). En el caso del diseño de la ley, se identifican un conjunto de herramientas internacionalmente transferidas como el límite de seis plantas, el modelo de clubes sociales de cannabis o importante conocimiento técnico y tecnológico para el cultivo de cannabis y su control. A nivel de tecnología de campaña las cinco estrategias transferidas refirieron al etiquetado, el encuadre, el triángulo de la comunicación, la definición de emisarios y la definición de la estética. Se identifican los principales actores involucrados, las condiciones necesarias para la transferencia, como la disponibilidad de parejas compatibles, y los motivos que lo facilitaron o bloquearon, como los diferentes niveles de desarrollo del mercado o las culturas jurídicas y políticas. Se concluye que el factor internacional, y en particular los actores norteamericanos y europeos, tienen una importancia duradera en las reformas sudamericanas de políticas de drogas.
Vino y Relaciones Internacionales: enodiplomacia
Authors: Mula Sánchez María Teresa , De Torres Fernández Milagros , Molina García Ana María
Published: June 2023

El artículo aborda el concepto enodiplomacia a partir del estudio y el análisis del potencial que tiene la industria del vino en su vertiente cultural y de relación humana internacional para que naciones, regiones y ciudades promuevan y desarrollen una imagen exterior asociada a ese universo. El vino como valor sustancial en las acciones de la diplomacia pública para interactuar con públicos extranjeros. Por lo tanto, este artículo se propone explorar el campo naciente de la enodiplomacia desde un punto de vista teórico-histórico, descriptivo y analítico que ayude a alcanzar el primer objetivo: aproximarse a una definición del término que delimite su alcance y trace sus ejes vertebradores. De ello deriva el segundo objetivo: por un lado, determinar su campo de acción (vino y relaciones internacionales) respecto a otras áreas concomitantes —la propia diplomacia oficial, la diplomacia comercial o la mercadotecnia internacional del vino encaminada a crear una marca país— con las que puede compartir líneas y técnicas; y por otro, distinguirla de la diplomacia cultural y de la gastrodiplomacia, áreas afines que también conviene deslindar. Una vez delimitado el campo conceptual, el tercer objetivo es analizar la acción diplomática en torno al vino desde su vertiente histórica: en el comercio, el arte y la cultura, es decir, la vinculación del vino a la civilización y a los aspectos de comunicación relacionados con la actividad diplomática. Tras recorrer la senda histórica, se investigan los actuales vectores de proyección del vino como embajador de la marca país y su acción diplomática (comunicación, relaciones exteriores); de ahí, a abordar el quinto: la actuación diplomática específica en torno al vino. Como último objetivo, es de esperar que del análisis y estudio de esta joven ciencia se descubran líneas de investigación que susciten interés científico, así como áreas de indagación que consoliden esta nueva disciplina.
Así, el artículo se divide en cuatro grandes apartados. En el primero, se desarrollan los fundamentos teóricos que enmarcan la investigación. En los siguientes se abre la discusión sobre el nuevo concepto; se estudia la vinculación del vino a la civilización y a los aspectos de comunicación relacionados con la actividad diplomática y su proyección en dichas acciones. Finalmente, se extraen conclusiones y se proponen líneas de actuación en consonancia con los objetivos planteados.
De las relaciones inter-imperiales al arribo de Turkish Airlines: un mapeo de encuentros entre México y Turquía
Authors: Reyes Silva Carlos Manuel , Villa Gonzalez Samantha Renee
Published: June 2023

La relación entre México y Turquía ha sido escasamente analizada en cuanto a los estudios de política exterior e historia mexicana, de la cual se han rescatado únicamente algunos episodios muy puntuales. La distancia entre México y Turquía, acentuada por el Océano Atlántico y las diferencias en cuanto a sucesos históricos y sociales, hace pensar que los acercamientos son recientes o, por lo menos, que se despliegan a partir del establecimiento formal de las relaciones diplomáticas en 1928; no obstante, existieron contactos previos tanto de corte oficial como no oficial, que datan de la época colonial e imperial respectivamente. Para lograr un análisis histórico y holístico de esta relación bilateral, se hace un mapeo de los hitos más importantes, reconstruyendo un relato que considere variables tales como el rol de las principales potencias y sus consecuentes dinámicas, así como la influencia de determinadas élites y los procesos diplomáticos que paulatinamente han asentado los contactos entre ambas partes durante el siglo XX. Siguiendo la clasificación cronológica, se considera tanto la agencia de cada estado como el peso de la estructura global en sus políticas exteriores, particularmente debido a la fuerza gravitacional de Occidente para ambos durante la Guerra Fría y una mayor liberación de sus márgenes de maniobra hacia el final de este episodio. Asimismo, se describe la proliferación de encuentros dentro de distintos foros, el interés basado en los intercambios culturales y el potencial de oportunidades que ofrece el escenario global del siglo XXI. Finalmente, se introduce una revisión crítica que cuestiona la selección de declaraciones de respaldo de un gobierno hacia otro, omitiendo posturas respecto a poblaciones marginadas de ambas latitudes. Con todo ello, este artículo expone una historia diplomática que incluye múltiples factores y que, a su vez, aboga por mayores estudios, sobre todo a partir de la reciente rapidez en el desarrollo de las relaciones y en un momento clave que culminará en 2028 con la conmemoración del centenario de esta relación.
Investigation of color parameters in pine, limba, sapele, iroko, oak, and beech wood species exposed to outdoor conditions in Van city, Turkey
Authors: Ulay Göksel
Published: June 2023

Sapele, pine, limba, iroko, beech, and oak wood species are important species used indoors and outdoors, as supplied by furniture companies. It is known that the color changes in wood material when exposed to the external environment. This is an important factor for the outdoor use of wood material. In this study, the color parameters of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.), limba (Terminalia superba Engl. et Diels), sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum), sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.), and iroko (Milicia excelsa) wood species, which are used in both indoor and outdoor woodworking industries in Van city, Turkey were investigated after exposing them to natural weather conditions for 9 months in outdoor conditions. Each type of wood exhibited a different color behavior in outdoor conditions. In sapele and limba wood species, b* and a* values increased and L* values decreased with increasing weathering time. It was observed that ∆E* increased with increasing time of exposure in all tree species. At the end of 9 months of weathering, the highest ∆E* value was determined in pine wood, followed by beech, sapele, limba, iroko, and oak wood species, respectively.
Wettability and surface roughness of natural and plantation-grown narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood
Authors: Buyuksari Umit , Akbulut Turgay , Guler Cengiz , As Nusret
Published: June 2023

Plantation-grown wood species are becoming more important. Their anatomical, physical, and mechanical properties are different and generally more variable than wood grown in natural stands. The objective of this study was to investigate the wettability and surface roughness (SR) of natural and plantation-grown narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood. The logs were cut from a natural stand versus three different spacings of plantation-grown narrow-leaved ash wood stands. Plantation spacings were 3 x 2 m, 3 x 2.5 m, and 4 x 4 m. The wetting behavior of the wood samples was characterized by the contact angle (CA) method (goniometer technique). A stylus type profilometer was used for the SR measurement according to the DIN 4768 (1990) standard. The SR and CA measurements were done on both the radial and tangential surfaces of the samples. Individual values of both SR and CA of ash wood showed statistically significant differences. Based on the findings, it appears that the natural-grown ash wood have higher (less favorable) SR and lower (more favorable) CA values compared to all the plantation-grown ash wood on both radial and tangential surfaces. Tangential surfaces had lower SR values and higher CA values than the radial surfaces for all groups. In conclusion, plantation-grown narrow-leaved ash wood can be utilized for bonded wood products such as plywood, laminated veneer lumber, and glulam.
Glucose from paper mill sludge
Authors: Banerjee Sujit
Published: June 2023

Enzymatic hydrolysis of sludge from a bleached tissue mill generates glucose that can be sold as a product or sent to an ethanol plant. Hydrolysis rates using enzymes from two sources are reported, and a configuration for the industrial conversion of sludge to glucose is proposed. The system combines a set of stirred tank reactors with ash removal and membrane filtration to give a glucose concentrate. The economics of the conversion are attractive.
Steam explosion treatment of Eucalyptus globulus wood: Influence of operational conditions on chemical and structural modifications
Authors: Martín-Sampedro Raquel , Martín Juan Antonio , Eugenio Maria E. , Revilla Esteban , Villa Juan Carlos
Published: June 2023

This study evaluates the use of steam explosion (SE) as a pre-treatment of Eucalyptus globulus chips, aimed at making this wood suitable as feedstock in biorefineries or alternative processes such as biopulping. Several SE treatments were applied, modifying the following variables: previous hydration of the chips, number of SE cycles, and duration of the first cycle. Chemical composition and structural properties were analyzed after all treatments. Our results show that acetone and hot water extractives contents increased between 1.0% and 6.2% and between 3.6% and 7.1%, respectively, depending on SE operational conditions. Holocellulose content was also observed to decrease (9.4 to 15.6%), while the Klason lignin underwent a slight solubilization. Furthermore, greater water retention capacity and new bigger sized pores were found in the exploded samples. It is reasonable to expect that these changes would facilitate the subsequent implementation of chemical or biological treatments of the cellulose fraction in the biorefinery design.