bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facile preparation of injectable, thermosensitive, and physically cross-linked hemostatic hydrogel with rapid gelation and a robust network
Authors: Wang Xue , Liu Wentao , Wang Yue , Hou Zhaosheng , She Pengbo , Yang Yaozhen , Li Xiuxiu , Wang Xiaolong , Liu Jintong , Liu Xiangzheng , Xu Jing
Published: June 2024

A thermosensitive, double-network hemostatic hydrogel with rapid gelation and a robust network was facilely prepared by blending gelatin, hyaluronic-acid, and linear-poly-N-isopropylacrylamide.
Two p-type ester-linked dihydrophenazine-based polymers as high-performance cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Guo Jingying , Peng Xiangling , Ouyang Bo , Huang Dong , Jing Zerong , Bian Xinhang , Du Ya , Yang Haishen
Published: June 2024

Two novel redox-active ester-linked polymers were effectively achieved from an industrial waste product, phenazine, and exploited as sustainable superior organic cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries.
Cu(ii)-catalyzed annulation of α,β-unsaturated ketoxime acetates with 3-formylchromones for the synthesis of functionalized 2,4-diarylpyridines
Authors: Yang Jing , Hu Xing-Mei , Zhao Ke-Hua , Huang Kun , Yan Sheng-Jiao
Published: June 2024

A novel synthesis method has been developed for the construction of 2,4-diarylpyridines. The reaction includes reduction, Michael addition, decarboxylation, intramolecular cyclization, oxidation, ring-opening and aromatization reaction.
Nonfluorinated, robust and anti-corrosive polydimethylsiloxane/OTMS functionalized-SiO2 superhydrophobic coating on inconel alloy
Authors: Irfan Mohammad , Lakshmi Chinthalapudi Naga , Singh Narendra
Published: June 2024

Robust and anti-corrosive polydimethylsiloxane/OTMS functionalized-SiO2 superhydrophobic coating on an IN617 substrate.
Correction: Ultrafast switching to zero field topological spin textures in ferrimagnetic TbFeCo films
Authors: Zhu Kaixin , Bi Linzhu , Zhang Yongzhao , Zheng Dingguo , Yang Dong , Li Jun , Tian Huanfang , Cai Jianwang , Yang Huaixin , Zhang Ying , Li Jianqi
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘Ultrafast switching to zero field topological spin textures in ferrimagnetic TbFeCo films’ by Kaixin Zhu et al., Nanoscale, 2024, 16, 3133–3143, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR04529C.
Correction: Spin-crossover Fe(ii) complexes on a surface: a mixture of low-spin and high-spin molecules at low temperature from quantum-chemistry calculations
Authors: Sánchez-de-Armas Rocío , Calzado Carmen J.
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘Spin-crossover Fe(ii) complexes on a surface: a mixture of low-spin and high-spin molecules at low temperature from quantum-chemistry calculations’ by Rocío Sánchez-de-Armas et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2022, 9, 753–760, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1QI01487K.
A covalent organic framework-based nanoplatform with enhanced photothermal and photodynamic performance for targeted tumor therapy
Authors: Wang Chaoyu , Xin Zhihui , Bai Zhiqiang , Mao Jiaxin , Li Yaru , Jia Zhifang , Wang Kewei , Zhao Lu , Bai Yunfeng , Feng Feng
Published: June 2024

An aptamer-based multifunctional composite nanotherapeutic platform COF/ICG@PDA-Apt-A was prepared for targeted and combined photothermal–photodynamic therapy of tumors.
The Tishchenko reaction mediated by organo-f-complexes: the myths and obstacles
Authors: Shinde Aditya L. , Eisen Moris S. , Ghatak Tapas
Published: June 2024

For over a century, the Tishchenko reaction has been a valuable technique for synthesizing esters from aldehydes, serving a variety of applications in different domains.
Advancements in enzyme immobilization on magnetic nanomaterials: toward sustainable industrial applications
Authors: Gama Cavalcante Antônio Luthierre , Dari Dayana Nascimento , Izaias da Silva Aires Francisco , Carlos de Castro Erico , Moreira dos Santos Kaiany , Sousa dos Santos José Cleiton
Published: June 2024

Enzymes are widely used in biofuels, food, and pharmaceuticals.
Tricarbonyl rhenium(i) complexes with 8-hydroxyquinolines: structural, chemical, antibacterial, and anticancer characteristics
Authors: Łyczko Krzysztof , Pogorzelska Anna , Częścik Urszula , Koronkiewicz Mirosława , Rode Joanna E. , Bednarek Elżbieta , Kawęcki Robert , Węgrzyńska Karolina , Baraniak Anna , Milczarek Małgorzata , Dobrowolski Jan Cz.
Published: June 2024

Twelve tricarbonyl Re(i) complexes with bidentate 8-hydroxyquinolinato and monodentate diazole ligands were synthesized, characterized by scXRD, IR, NMR, and UV-Vis methods, and checked for antibacterial and anticancer activity.
Microstructural and electron framework-engineered 3D NiSeP-integrated CuFe composites as trifunctional electrocatalysts for sensing and urea-assisted water-splitting applications
Authors: Farithkhan Ameer , Gowthaman N. S. K. , Kumar Raju Suresh , Alagumalai Krishnapandi , Chang Wei Sea , Meenakshi Sankaran
Published: June 2024

Catalytically dynamic NSP-CF@NCW electrode engineered by strategic integration of 3D Se and P-fused NSP microflakes with CF cubes docked NCW was studied as a trifunctional electrocatalyst for urea sensing and urea-assisted water splitting.
Operationalizing Clinical Speech Analytics: Moving From Features to Measures for Real-World Clinical Impact
Authors: Liss Julie , Berisha Visar
Published: June 2024

Objective:

This research note advocates for a methodological shift in clinical speech analytics, emphasizing the transition from high-dimensional
speech feature
representations to clinically validated
speech measures
designed to operationalize clinically relevant constructs of interest. The aim is to enhance model generalizability and clinical applicability in real-world settings.

Method:

We outline the challenges of using conventional supervised machine learning models in clinical speech analytics, particularly their limited generalizability and interpretability. We propose a new framework focusing on speech measures that are closely tied to specific speech constructs and have undergone rigorous validation. This research note discusses a case study involving the development of a measure for articulatory precision in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), detailing the process from ideation through Food and Drug Administration (FDA) breakthrough status designation.

Results:

The case study demonstrates how the operationalization of the articulatory precision construct into a quantifiable measure yields robust, clinically meaningful results. The measure's validation followed the V3 framework (verification, analytical validation, and clinical validation), showing high correlation with clinical status and speech intelligibility. The practical application of these measures is exemplified in a clinical trial and designation by the FDA as a breakthrough status device, underscoring their real-world impact.

Conclusions:

Transitioning from speech features to speech measures offers a more targeted approach for developing speech analytics tools in clinical settings. This shift ensures that models are not only technically sound but also clinically relevant and interpretable, thereby bridging the gap between laboratory research and practical health care applications. We encourage further exploration and adoption of this approach for developing interpretable speech representations tailored to specific clinical needs.
Bayesian inference of multi-messenger astrophysical data: Joint and coherent inference of gravitational waves and kilonovae
Authors: Breschi Matteo , Gamba Rossella , Carullo Gregorio , Godzieba Daniel , Bernuzzi Sebastiano , Perego Albino , Radice David
Published: June 2024

Context. Multi-messenger observations of binary neutron star mergers can provide information on the neutron star’s equation of state (EOS) above the nuclear saturation density by directly constraining the mass-radius diagram.

Aims. We present a Bayesian framework for joint and coherent analyses of multi-messenger binary neutron star signals. As a first application, we analyze the gravitational-wave GW170817 and the kilonova (kN) AT2017gfo data. These results are then combined with the most recent X-ray pulsar analyses of PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+6620 to obtain new EOS constraints.

Methods. We extend the bajes infrastructure with a joint likelihood for multiple datasets, support for various semi-analytical kN models, and numerical-relativity (NR)-informed relations for the mass ejecta, as well as a technique to include and marginalize over modeling uncertainties. The analysis of GW170817 used the TEOBResumS effective-one-body waveform template to model the gravitational-wave signal. The analysis of AT2017gfo used a baseline multicomponent spherically symmetric model for the kN light curves. Various constraints on the mass-radius diagram and neutron star properties were then obtained by resampling over a set of ten million parameterized EOSs, which was built under minimal assumptions (general relativity and causality).

Results. We find that a joint and coherent approach improves the inference of the extrinsic parameters (distance) and, among the intrinsic parameters, the mass ratio. The inclusion of NR-informed relations marks a strong improvement over the case in which an agnostic prior is used on the intrinsic parameters. Comparing Bayes factors, we find that the two observations are better explained by the common source hypothesis only by assuming NR-informed relations. These relations break some of the degeneracies in the employed kN models. The EOS inference folding-in PSR J0952-0607 minimum-maximum mass, PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+6620 data constrains, among other quantities, the neutron star radius to R1.4TOV = 12.30− 0.56+ 0.81 km(R1.4TOV = 13.20− 0.90+ 0.91 km) and the maximum mass to MmaxTOV = 2.28− 0.17+ 0.25M⊙(MmaxTOV = 2.32− 0.19+ 0.30M⊙), where the ST+PDT (PDT-U) analysis of Vinciguerra et al. (2024, ApJ, 961, 62) for PSR J0030+0451 was employed. Hence, the systematics on the PSR J0030+0451 data reduction currently dominate the mass-radius diagram constraints.

Conclusions. We conclude that bajes delivers robust analyses in line with other state-of-the-art results in the literature. Strong EOS constraints are provided by pulsars observations, albeit with large systematics in some cases. Current gravitational-wave constraints are compatible with pulsar constraints and can further improve the latter.
Validation of the Bond et al. (2010) SDSS-derived kinematic models for the Milky Way’s disk and halo stars with Gaia Data Release 3 proper motion and radial velocity data
Authors: Domínguez Bruno , Chaini Siddharth , Mrakovčić Karlo , Sallee Brandon , Ivezić Željko
Published: June 2024

We validate the Bond et al. (2010, ApJ, 716, 1) kinematic models for the Milky Way’s disk and halo stars with Gaia Data Release 3 data. Bond et al. constructed models for stellar velocity distributions using stellar radial velocities measured by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and stellar proper motions derived from SDSS and the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey astrometric measurements. These models describe velocity distributions as functions of position in the Galaxy, with separate models for disk and halo stars that were labeled using SDSS photometric and spectroscopic metallicity measurements. We find that the Bond et al. model predictions are in good agreement with recent measurements of stellar radial velocities and proper motions by the Gaia survey. In particular, the model accurately predicts the skewed non-Gaussian distribution of rotational velocity for disk stars and its vertical gradient, as well as the dispersions for all three velocity components. Additionally, the spatial invariance of velocity ellipsoid for halo stars when expressed in spherical coordinates is also confirmed by Gaia data at galacto-centric radial distances of up to 15 kpc.
Analysis of Commercial Building Colors in Qianmen Area of Beijing
Authors: Han Cong , Xu Zhenhua , Liang Fei , Kim Soobong
Published: June 2024

The Qianmen Area in Beijing is an important symbol of the ancient capital’s style, and the colors of its commercial buildings are a crucial component of the city’s overall appearance. This article traces the historical evolution, renovation, and restoration of the Qianmen Area, and analyzes the colors of its commercial buildings through practical research. It organizes the architectural colorscape, studies the influencing factors of building colors, and applies the international color standard system, Munsell, to analyze color patterns. The aim is to provide a reference for research on traditional architectural colors in Beijing.
Architectural design of an open cultural space for a cultural heritage art museum
Authors: Chen Yuanchiu , Zhang Shan , Dong Zuorong , Shen Fei , Chen Xilin , Lin Yuyan
Published: June 2024

Starting from the interaction between art museums and the public and the way to get along with them, art museums can be closer to the life of the public, and provide the public with spiritual enjoyment, while also playing a certain role in promoting the dissemination and inheritance of local and even national culture. The audience, as the receiver of the exhibition information of the art museum, is also the medium of cultural dissemination of the art museum. This interactive relationship is exactly what we want to explore in the process of art museum design.
Study on the Noise Reduction Effect of Vegetation Communities in Northeast China – Taking Forest Park in Yingkou City as an Example
Authors: Yang Yunze , Yu Miao
Published: June 2024

In this study, the greenland tree and shrub communities in Forest Park, a typical park greenland in Yingkou City, Liaoning Province, were used as the research object to compare the noise reduction of different communities, and to study the degree of noise reduction of the plant communities in summer. The results show that the noise reduction level of vegetation communities in summer is in the following order: M2 cypress + cypress + acacia > M1 poplar + Euphorbia + maple > M3 cypress + yellow thorn rose + ginkgo tree.
Carbon emission trading scheme and corporate financialization: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Hongwei
Published: June 2024

To achieve the carbon goals, the Chinese government initially implemented the carbon ETS in 2013 in 7 pilot provinces and cities. Using the firm-level financial and management data of the A-share listed companies in the 30 provinces of mainland China from 2008 to 2020, this paper examines the ETS impact on corporate financialization by constructing a DID model. The result supports the “crowd-out” effect that the implementation of ETS decreases corporate financialization and this negative impact is weaker on the state-owned firms, located in the eastern region of China, and are not in the manufacturing industry. These findings imply that other than the original target to reduce carbon emissions, the ETS, by its market-based nature, is effective in reducing the risk of over-financialization.
Das Modellvorhaben POLKA als Shared Services Konzept zur
Gesundheitsförderung in stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen
Authors: Huber Gerhard , Baldus Angelika
Published: June 2024

Prävention in stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen gemäß § 5 SGB XI in Verbindung mit
der (betrieblichen) Gesundheitsförderung gemäß §§ 20 und 20b SGB V erweist sich
im Modellvorhaben POLKA als komplexes und schwieriges Setting. Innerhalb des
Settings „Heim“ erweisen sich zusätzlich die Zielgruppen Pflegebedürftige und
Pflegekräfte als besonders vulnerabel bzw. belastet. Im Modellvorhaben POLKA
wird ersichtlich, dass Bewegungsförderung in Pflegeheimen nicht „von der
Stange“, sondern maßgerecht umgesetzt werden muss.

Die in POLKA entwickelten und evaluierten bewegungsbezogenen Module für die
Pflege und in der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung werden aktuell in ein
Modularsystem überführt, um in einer flächendeckenden Anwendung Pflegeketten
bzw. Pflegeheimen bedarfserhobene und bedarfsangepasste Module zur
Implementierung der Bewegungsförderung zur Verfügung stellen zu können. Ein
solches Prozessmanagement soll das nachhaltige Selbstmanagement der stationären
Pflegeeinrichtungen sichern.

In dem Beitrag wird hierzu ein in der Wirtschaft bewährtes Konzept adaptiert,
welches ein hohes Potenzial hat, um die flächendeckende Versorgung mit
effektiver Gesundheitsförderung durch Bewegungsförderung effektiv zu
unterstützen.
Use of Shock Index, Modified Shock Index, and Age-Adjusted Shock
Index for Detection of Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Celikkan Cagla , Ibanoglu Mujde Can , Engin-Ustun Yaprak
Published: June 2024

Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of shock index (SI),
modified shock index (MSI), and delta shock index (ΔSI) in predicting postpartum
hemorrhage (PPH) and adverse maternal outcomes.

Material and Methods In this cross-sectional cohort study, a study group
consisting of 416 pregnant women who delivered at our hospital and had
postpartum hemorrhage was compared with 467 control patients with normal
follow-up. SI (pulse/systolic blood pressure), MSI (pulse/mean arterial
pressure), ΔSI (input SI – 2nd- or 6th-hour SI) values were calculated.

Results A total of 883 postpartum women were included in the study. The
study group had higher peripartum, 2nd-hour, and 6th-hour SI values (p=0.011,
p=0.001, p<0.001, respectively). Peripartum MSI values (p=0.004), 2nd-hour
MSI values (p<0.001), and 6th-hour MSI values (p<0.001) were significantly
lower in the control group than in the PPH group. When the groups were
evaluated, the cut-off value of the 2nd-hour SI parameter was>0.8909
(sensitivity 30%, specificity 84%), and the 6th-hour SI parameter was>0.8909
(sensitivity 40%, specificity 80%) for predicting postpartum hemorrhage
requiring blood transfusion and surgical intervention. The cut-off value of the
2nd-hour MSI parameter was>1.2 (sensitivity 34%, specificity 82%), and the
cut-off value of the 6th-hour MSI parameter was>1.2652 (sensitivity 32%,
specificity 90%).

Conclusion The 2nd- and 6th-hour SI and 2nd- and 6th-hour MSI values were
significantly higher in patients with postpartum hemorrhage. Values greater than
0.89 for SI and 1.2 for MSI were considered significant for predicting
postpartum hemorrhage with maternal impairment.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Patients with Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the
Young
Authors: Müssig Karsten
Published: June 2024

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most frequent monogenetic
diabetes form. It is caused by mutations in genes important for the development
and function of pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in impaired insulin secretion
capacity. Up to now, 14 different types have been described. The inheritance
pattern is autosomal dominant, leading to a strong family history with more than
three affected generations. Young age at diagnosis and lack of pancreatic
autoantibodies are further characteristics of MODY. The presence of diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA) was long regarded as an exclusion criterion for MODY.
However, in recent years, several case reports on MODY patients presenting with
DKA have been published. The present study aimed to give an overview of the
current knowledge of DKA in MODY patients, with a collection of published case
studies as a prerequisite for this review.
One Year of Heavy Resistance Training Modifies Muscle Fiber
Characteristics in the Elderly
Authors: Gates Anne Theil , Kjaer Michael , Andersen Jesper Loevind
Published: June 2024

Physical function declines with age, accelerating during the 6th decade of life,
primarily due to loss in muscle mass and strength. The present study aimed to
investigate the effect of one year of heavy resistance training in older adults
(62–70 years) on muscle mass and strength. Further, we investigated muscle
characteristics after the intervention by obtaining muscle biopsies from the
vastus lateralis to compare muscle fiber characteristics between the heavy
resistance training (HRT) (n=10) and the sedentary control group (CON) (n=10).
We found that one year of resistance training increased isometric muscle
strength (p<0.0001, ES: 2.43 (Hedges’ g)) and lean body mass (p<0.05, ES:
0.96), whereas cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis and lean leg mass
were unaltered. At year 1, the percentage of type IIX muscle fibers was lower in
HRT compared to CON (p<0.05, ES: 0.99), whereas the muscle fiber size did not
differ between groups for the major fiber types (I and II). In conclusion, one
year of resistance training in elderly improved muscle strength and lean body
mass but not cross-sectional area and lean leg mass. This indicates that the
increase in muscle strength may be caused by neuromuscular adaptations rather
than morphological muscle tissue changes per se.
Iron-Mediated Bromocyclization of Olefinic Amides for the Synthesis of Bromobenzoxazines
Authors: Zhao Tong-Tong , Bian Qiang , Xu Da-Zhen , Zhao Wei-Guang , Zhao Yu-Wei , Xu Lin-Lin
Published: June 2024

An iron-mediated bromination/cyclization for the synthesis of bromobenzoxazines from olefinic amides has been successfully developed. In this protocol, the simple iron salt FeBr3 was employed as a bromination reagent, giving the bromobenzoxazine products in moderate to excellent yields. This methodology features good functional group tolerance, gram-scale synthesis, and green reaction conditions by the use of air as the terminal oxidant. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that a free radical pathway is involved.
1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Diazophosphonates with Methyl(Ethyl) Acrylate for the Synthesis of 5-Arylpyrazole-3-carboxylates
Authors: Titanyuk Igor D. , Zinovyev Nikolay A. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: June 2024

A wide range of α-aryl-α-diazophosphonates were easily prepared via modified diazo transfer reaction. Benzylphoshonates reacted with tosyl azide (TsN3) in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide (KOtBu) to afford diazophosphonates in yields up to 93% (generally 70–80%). Aryldiazophosponates were successfully explored for the synthesis of 5-aryl-substituted pyrazol-3-carboxylates in one pot by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with alkyl acrylates followed by NaH treatment. The second stage led to elimination of the diethoxylphosphoryl moiety with the aromatization of cycle.
Inflammation in Steatotic Liver Diseases: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Qian Shengying , Wang Xiaolin , Chen Yingfen , Zai Qiuhong , He Yong
Published: June 2024

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), two main types of steatotic liver disease (SLDs), are characterized by a wide spectrum of several different liver disorders, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Multiple immune cell-mediated inflammatory responses not only orchestrate the killing and removal of infected/damaged cells but also exacerbate the development of SLDs when excessive or persistent inflammation occurs. In recent years, single-cell and spatial transcriptome analyses have revealed the heterogeneity of liver-infiltrated immune cells in ALD and MASLD, revealing a new immunopathological picture of SLDs. In this review, we will emphasize the roles of several key immune cells in the pathogenesis of ALD and MASLD and discuss inflammation-based approaches for effective SLD intervention. In conclusion, the study of immunological mechanisms, especially highly specific immune cell population functions, may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for this life-threatening disease.
Quantum mechanics on sharply bent wires via two-interval Sturm-Liouville theory
Authors: M. Pitelli João Paulo , Mosna Ricardo A. , Felix Souto Felipe
Published: June 2024

We study quantum mechanics on the limiting case of a highly curved wire by approximating the physics around the curved region by three boundary condition parameters coming from the two-interval Sturm-Liouville theory. Since the geometric potential in this case is strong and non-integrable, these parameters depend crucially on the regularization of the curve. Hence, unless we know precisely the shape of the curve, any physical prediction is meaningless. In this context, the method presented in this paper becomes not only a useful approximation, but also a necessary scheme to deal with quantum mechanics on highly curved wires and (possibly) corners.
Ferromagnetic resonance measurement with frequency modulation down to 2 K
Authors: Sharma Vinay , Negusse Ezana , Kumar Ravinder , Budhani Ramesh C.
Published: June 2024

Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study the precessional dynamics of magnetization in thin film heterostructures. It provides valuable information about the mechanisms of exchange bias, spin angular momentum transfer across interfaces, and excitation of magnons. A key desirable feature of FMR spectrometers is the capability to study magnetization dynamics over a wide phase space of temperature (T), frequency (f), and magnetic field (B). The design, fabrication, and testing of such a spectrometer, which uses frequency modulation techniques for improved detection of microwave absorption, reduces heat load in the cryostat and allows simultaneous measurements of inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) induced dc voltages, is described in this paper. The apparatus is based on a 2-port transmitted microwave signal measurement using a grounded co-planar waveguide. The input radio frequency (RF) signal, frequency modulated at a tunable f-band, excites spin precession in the sample, and the attenuated RF signal is measured phase sensitively. The sample stage, inserted in the bore of a superconducting solenoid, allows magnetic field and temperature variability of 0 to ±5 T and 2–310 K, respectively. We demonstrate the working of this Cryo-FMR and ISHE spectrometer on thin films of Ni80Fe20 and Fe60Co20B20 over a wide T, B, and f phase space.
Piezoresistive snap-through detection for bifurcation-based MEMS sensors
Authors: Litvinov I. , Spaer Milo G. , Liberzon A. , Krylov S.
Published: June 2024

We report on the piezoresistive method for detecting stability loss events in microelectromechanical sensors based on bifurcation. The method involves measuring the resistivity changes of an entire beam to detect snap-through transitions in an electrostatically actuated, bistable double-clamped crystalline silicon (Si) microbeam. The applicability of the suggested approach in two types of sensors—an ambient air temperature sensor or a mean air velocity sensor, is demonstrated. In both cases, the bistable beam, serving as the sensing element, is affected by the electrothermal Joule's heating and air cooling. The measured signal is obtained by monitoring the critical voltages of the snap-through transitions. Piezoresistive sensing is especially suitable for the response monitoring of the exposed to the environment, free-standing heated microbeam sensors, where optical, piezoelectric, or electrostatic interrogation methods are not applicable. The approach can be implemented in various bifurcation microsensors and for response monitoring of bistable actuators.
Local weighted topological pressure
Authors: Cai Fangzhou
Published: June 2024

In [D. Feng and W. Huang, J. Math. Pures Appl. 106, 411–452 (2016)], the authors studied weighted topological pressure and established a variational principle for it. In this paper, we introduce the notion of local weighted topological pressure and generalize Feng and Huang’s main results to localized version.
OES diagnostics of atmospheric pressure argon plasma: Electron temperature and density assessment through visible bremsstrahlung inversion method and collisional-radiative model
Authors: Lin Keren , van der Gaag Thijs , Kikuchi Wataru , Akatsuka Hiroshi , Goto Motoshi
Published: June 2024

This study determined the electron temperature and density in atmospheric pressure argon plasma using optical emission spectroscopy. The analysis combined continuum and line spectral data. Visible bremsstrahlung inversion was used to derive a partial electron energy probability function (EEPF) from the continuum spectrum. Subsequently, electron temperature was estimated assuming a two-temperature distribution based on the derived EEPF. Electron density was obtained by fitting a collisional-radiative (CR) model to the line spectrum, incorporating the obtained EEPF instead of assuming a Druyvesteynian EEPF. Comparative analysis revealed that the electron densities determined using the approach were approximately one order of magnitude lower than those derived from the CR model with the Druyvesteynian EEPF. However, they exhibited strong agreement with the results obtained by the CR model using a two-temperature distribution. This approach demonstrated favorable performance in reproducing both continuum and line spectra, revealing its high reliability and accuracy for atmospheric pressure argon plasma diagnosis.
Flexible water-resistant bamboo-like perovskite-embedded polymer nano/microfibers exhibiting Fabry–Pérot lasing
Authors: Cheng Hsin-Ming , Pang You-Jia , Lin Chia-Kai , Wu Sheng-Chan , You Bo-Zhu , Chen Jung-Yao , Hsu Hsu-Cheng
Published: June 2024

Methylammonium lead bromide perovskite (MAPbBr3)-embedded nano- and micro-fibers are successfully fabricated by using the uniaxial electrospinning technique. Through the study of solidification and coordination between perovskite with hybrid polymers, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyacrylonitrile, the bamboo-like perovskite-embedded polymer nano/microfibers are unpredictably formed. Encapsulated in polymer, the passive perovskite-embedded polymer fibers exhibit a long-term fluorescence performance when simultaneously exposed to both water immersion and short-wavelength laser irradiation. Notably, due to the efficient gain media, the perovskite-rich region of the electrospun fiber can act as an optical microcavity. Multi-mode and single-mode lasing behaviors can be achieved via different cavity lengths. The mechanism of a microlaser within this perovskite fiber is confirmed through a Fabry–Pérot cavity, which provides an opportunity for optical components in lasers.
Modeling ablator defects as a source of mix in high-performance implosions at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Clark D. S. , Allen A. , Baxamusa S. H. , Biener J. , Biener M. M. , Braun T. , Davidovits S. , Divol L. , Farmer W. A. , Fehrenbach T. , Kong C. , Millot M. , Milovich J. , Nikroo A. , Nora R. C. , Pak A. E. , Rubery M. S. , Stadermann M. , Sterne P. , Weber C. R. , Wild C.
Published: June 2024

Recent indirect drive inertial confinement fusion implosions on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [Spaeth et al., Fusion Sci. Technol. 69, 25 (2016)] have crossed the threshold of ignition. However, performance has been variable due to several factors. One of the leading sources of variability is the quality of the high-density carbon (HDC) shells used as ablators in these experiments. In particular, these shells can have a number of defects that have been found to correlate with the appearance of ablator mix into the hot spot and a degradation in nuclear yield. These defects include pits on the ablator surface, voids in the ablator bulk, high-Z debris from the Hohlraum wall that adheres to the capsule surface, and finally the inherent granular micro-structure of the crystalline HDC itself. This paper summarizes high-resolution modeling of each of these mix sources in two recent high-performance NIF implosion experiments. The simulated impact from a range of individual capsule defects is found to be broadly consistent with the trends seen in experiment, lending credence to the modeling results and the details of the mixing process that they reveal. Interestingly, modeling of the micro-structure inherent to HDC shows that this perturbation source results in considerable mixing of the deuterium–tritium fuel with ablator material during the implosion. The reduction in fuel compression from this mix results in an approximately factor of two reduction in neutron yield in current implosions and emphasizes the importance of mitigating this significant performance degradation.
Duality of a coiled phononic crystal enables reflectionless interfaces
Authors: Willey C. L. , Chen V. W. , Juhl A. T.
Published: June 2024

Recently, it has been demonstrated that one-dimensional bar-based phononic crystals can exhibit subwavelength Bragg bandgaps by coiling the bars and locking the nodal rotational degrees of freedom to create what is termed a coiled phononic crystal (CPnC) [C. L. Willey et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 18, 014035 (2022)]. Here, it is shown that the CPnC exhibits duality of its dispersion curves relative to its coiling/twist angle, meaning that the dispersion curves are symmetric about a particular coiling/twist angle defined configuration. An exciting implication of this finding is that under a certain set of constraints, segments of dual unit cells with perpendicular wave propagation directions can be connected such that their wave transmission is equivalent to a finite CPnC entirely composed of identical unit cells with parallel wave propagation directions. The ability to link unit cells with different wave propagation orientations, but the same dispersion/dynamic stiffness, is used to create an elastic hierarchically coiled phononic crystal based on a fractal space-filling curve design. The novelty of this work is that it numerically demonstrates reflectionless wave propagation in large fractal architectures (created from specific combinations of dual unit cells) such that regular phononic properties (i.e., passbands and bandgaps) are preserved, allowing for propagation of broadband signals and filtering.
Time-dependent density-functional theory study on nonlocal electron stopping for inertial confinement fusion
Authors: Nichols Katarina A. , Hu S. X. , White Alexander J. , Shaffer Nathaniel R. , Mihaylov Deyan I. , Arnold Brennan , Goncharov Valeri N. , Karasiev Valentin V. , Collins Lee A.
Published: June 2024

Understanding laser–target coupling is of the utmost importance for achieving high performance in laser-direct-drive (LDD) inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. Thus, accurate modeling of electron transport and deposition through ICF-relevant materials and conditions is necessary to quantify the total thermal conduction and ablation. The stopping range is a key transport quantity used in thermal conduction models; in this work, we review the overall role that the electron mean free path (MFP) plays in thermal conduction and hydrodynamic simulations. The currently used modified Lee–More model employs various physics approximations. We discuss a recent model that uses time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) to eliminate these approximations in both the calculation of the electron stopping power and corresponding MFP in conduction zone polystyrene (CH) plasma. In general, the TD-DFT calculations showed a larger MFP (lower stopping power) than the standard modified Lee–More model. Using the TD-DFT results, an analytical model for the electron deposition range, λTD−DFT(ρ,T,K), was devised for CH plasmas between ρ=[0.05−1.05] g/cm3, kBT=[100−1000] eV. We implemented this model into LILAC, for simulations of a National Ignition Facility-scale LDD implosion and compared key physics quantities to ones obtained by simulations using the standard model. The implications of the obtained results and the path moving forward to calculate this same quantity in conduction-zone deuterium–tritium plasmas are further discussed, to hopefully close the understanding gap for laser target coupling in LDD-ICF simulations.
Thermophysical properties and unexpected viscosity of liquid (U, Zr): An atomistic investigation
Authors: Tranchida J. , Nicaud F. , Beeler B. W. , Bourasseau E.
Published: June 2024

In this study, we performed a numerical investigation of the thermophysical properties of liquid (U, Zr) mixtures, which are particularly relevant in the context of hypothetical nuclear accidents and the formation of in-vessel coriums. To do so, atomistic simulations leveraging classical molecular dynamics and an interatomic potential developed for solid (U, Zr) structures are performed. Our methodology is first validated by comparing the predictions of our model for the melting temperature and the structure factors to experimental, phase diagram, and ab initio data. We then use the approach to evaluate the temperature and composition dependence of four fundamental properties in the context of coriums: density, heat capacity, compressibility, and viscosity. Systematic comparisons to the existing experimental data are performed and discussed. In particular, the viscosity of liquid (U, Zr) mixtures is investigated by comparing diffusion calculations and the Stokes–Einstein formula as well as the results obtained with the Green–Kubo methodology, empirical predictions, and experimental data. Notably, the viscosity of the mixtures is predicted to be significantly higher than that of the single-element liquids, which is unexpected and could have crucial consequences on the early stages of the formation and flow of in-vessel corium.
Chaos and bifurcations of a two-dimensional hepatitis C virus model with hepatocyte homeostasis
Authors: Khan A. Q. , Younis S.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we delve into the intricate local dynamics at equilibria within a two-dimensional model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) alongside hepatocyte homeostasis. The study investigates the existence of bifurcation sets and conducts a comprehensive bifurcation analysis to elucidate the system’s behavior under varying conditions. A significant focus lies on understanding how changes in parameters can lead to bifurcations, which are pivotal points where the qualitative behavior of the system undergoes fundamental transformations. Moreover, the paper introduces and employs hybrid control feedback and Ott–Grebogi–Yorke strategies as tools to manage and mitigate chaos inherent within the HCV model. This chaos arises due to the presence of flip and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations, which can induce erratic behavior in the system. Through the implementation of these control strategies, the study aims to stabilize the system and restore it to a more manageable and predictable state. Furthermore, to validate the theoretical findings and the efficacy of the proposed control strategies, extensive numerical simulations are conducted. These simulations serve as a means of confirming the theoretical predictions and provide insight into the practical implications of the proposed control methodologies. By combining theoretical analysis with computational simulations, the paper offers a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the HCV model and provides valuable insights into potential strategies for controlling and managing chaos in such complex biological systems.
Fibroblast senescence-associated extracellular matrix promotes heterogeneous lung niche
Authors: Howes Andrew M. , Dea Nova C. , Ghosh Deepraj , Krishna Krishangi , Wang Yihong , Li Yanxi , Morrison Braxton , Toussaint Kimani C. , Dawson Michelle R.
Published: June 2024

Senescent cell accumulation in the pulmonary niche is associated with heightened susceptibility to age-related disease, tissue alterations, and ultimately a decline in lung function. Our current knowledge of senescent cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics is limited, and our understanding of how senescent cells influence spatial ECM architecture changes over time is incomplete. Herein is the design of an in vitro model of senescence-associated extracellular matrix (SA-ECM) remodeling using a senescent lung fibroblast-derived matrix that captures the spatiotemporal dynamics of an evolving senescent ECM architecture. Multiphoton second-harmonic generation microscopy was utilized to examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of fibroblast SA-ECM remodeling, which revealed a biphasic process that established a disordered and heterogeneous architecture. Additionally, we observed that inhibition of transforming growth factor-β signaling during SA-ECM remodeling led to improved local collagen fiber organization. Finally, we examined patient samples diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis to further tie our results of the in vitro model to clinical outcomes. Moreover, we observed that the senescence marker p16 is correlated with local collagen fiber disorder. By elucidating the temporal dynamics of SA-ECM remodeling, we provide further insight on the role of senescent cells and their contributions to pathological ECM remodeling.
Microscopic spray characteristics of diethyl ether–diesel blends under single and split injection strategies
Authors: Sonawane Utkarsha , Agarwal Avinash Kumar
Published: June 2024

The phase doppler interferometry technique was used to thoroughly investigate microscopic spray characteristics of single and split injection strategies. The diethyl ether blending with diesel resulted in smaller and uniform droplet formation. Diethyl ether–diesel blend spray exhibited a lower droplet axial velocity distribution than baseline diesel, which can be improved by split injection strategies. At atmospheric pressure, the maximum axial velocity for diesel and diethyl ether–diesel blends was almost identical under single and split injection strategies. However, split injection improved the spray droplet's axial velocity at higher ambient pressures compared to single injection. The chances of coalescence and having coarse droplets were higher at elevated ambient pressure, especially for lower fuel injection pressures. Therefore, increasing the fuel injection pressure is more suitable to avoid droplet coalescence. Unlike the split ratio, dwell time strongly influenced fuel spray atomization. The droplet diameter distribution exhibited a higher probability of finer droplets for a longer dwell time of 0.45 ms than a shorter dwell time of 0.15 ms. A major finding of this study is that diethyl ether–diesel blend spray with a longer dwell time exhibited superior spray characteristics.
Hybridizing traditional and next-generation reservoir computing to accurately and efficiently forecast dynamical systems
Authors: Chepuri R. , Amzalag D. , Antonsen T. M. , Girvan M.
Published: June 2024

Reservoir computers (RCs) are powerful machine learning architectures for time series prediction. Recently, next generation reservoir computers (NGRCs) have been introduced, offering distinct advantages over RCs, such as reduced computational expense and lower training data requirements. However, NGRCs have their own practical difficulties, including sensitivity to sampling time and type of nonlinearities in the data. Here, we introduce a hybrid RC-NGRC approach for time series forecasting of dynamical systems. We show that our hybrid approach can produce accurate short-term predictions and capture the long-term statistics of chaotic dynamical systems in situations where the RC and NGRC components alone are insufficient, e.g., due to constraints from limited computational resources, sub-optimal hyperparameters, sparsely sampled training data, etc. Under these conditions, we show for multiple model chaotic systems that the hybrid RC-NGRC method with a small reservoir can achieve prediction performance approaching that of a traditional RC with a much larger reservoir, illustrating that the hybrid approach can offer significant gains in computational efficiency over traditional RCs while simultaneously addressing some of the limitations of NGRCs. Our results suggest that the hybrid RC-NGRC approach may be particularly beneficial in cases when computational efficiency is a high priority and an NGRC alone is not adequate.
Giant exchange bias induced by spin-glass and antiferromagnetic coupling in Fe2−xGaxTeO6 single crystals
Authors: Huang Lin , Yu Bing , Zhai Wenjing , Cui Xiaomin , Zhou Guanzhong , Zhang Junhu , Tang Yongsen , Zheng Shuhan , Lin Lin , Yan Zhibo , Liu Jun-Ming
Published: June 2024

It is known that the utilization of exchange bias (EB) effect for data storage underscores its importance. However, achieving a giant EB effect with a small cooling field (HCF) in single-phase materials remains a challenge. This study unveils a giant EB value within a single-phase material, Fe2−xGaxTeO6 (FGTO), originating from the anchoring of spin-glass phase by antiferromagnetic order. Manipulating the relative strengths of the spin-glass and antiferromagnetic order parameters by Ga3+-substitution of Fe3+ ions in the Fe2TeO6 lattice governs the magnitude of the EB effect. It is found that FGTO single crystals synthesized via the chemical vapor transport do exhibit a remarkably large EB value as large as 1.5 T at x = 0.50 and a quite small cooling field HCF = 50 Oe. Investigations on the training effect, minor loop, and relaxation behavior unravel the intricate dynamics inherent to the spin-glass state. This study not only establishes a platform for exploring the EB effect in single-phase materials but also illuminates potential applications of FGTO in the realm of spintronics.
Fundamental role of nonlocal orders in 1D extended Bose–Hubbard model
Authors: Cuzzuol Nitya , Montorsi Arianna
Published: June 2024

Nonlocal order parameters capture the presence of correlated fluctuations between specific degrees of freedom, in otherwise disordered quantum matter. Here, we provide a further example of their fundamental role, deriving the ground state phase diagram of the filling one extended Bose–Hubbard model, exclusively in terms of their ordering. By means of a density matrix renormalization group numerical analysis, we show that in addition to the (even) parity order characteristic of the Mott insulating phase and the string order nonvanishing in the Haldane insulator, the recently proposed odd parity order completes the picture, becoming nonvanishing at the transition from the normal superfluid to the paired superfluid phase. The above three nonlocal parameters capture all the distinct phases, including the density wave phase, in which the local order is seen as the simultaneous presence of correlated fluctuations in different channels. They provide a unique tool for the experimental observation of the full phase diagram of strongly correlated quantum matter, by means of local density measurements.
Exploring tungsten-oxygen vacancy synergy: Impact on leakage characteristics in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 ferroelectric thin films
Authors: Wang Xuepei , Wu Maokun , Zhang Ting , Cui Boyao , Li Yu-Chun , Liu Jinhao , Wu Yishan , Wen Yichen , Ye Sheng , Ren Pengpeng , Zhang David Wei , Lu Hong-Liang , Wang Runsheng , Ji Zhigang , Huang Ru
Published: June 2024

The recent discovery of ferroelectric properties in HfO2 has sparked significant interest in the fields of nonvolatile memory and neuromorphic computing. Yet, as device scaling approaches sub-nanometer dimensions, leakage currents present a formidable challenge. While tungsten (W) electrodes are favored over traditional TiN electrodes for their superior strain and interface engineering capabilities, they are significantly hampered by leakage issues. In this study, we elucidate a positive feedback mechanism attributable to W electrodes that exacerbates oxygen vacancy defects, as evidenced by density functional theory computations. Specifically, intrinsic oxygen vacancies facilitate the diffusion of W, which, in turn, lowers the formation energy of additional oxygen vacancies. This cascade effect introduces extra defect energy levels, thereby compromising the leakage characteristics of the device. We introduce a pre-annealing method to impede W diffusion, diminishing oxygen vacancy concentration by 5%. This reduction significantly curtails leakage currents by an order of magnitude. Our findings provide a foundational understanding for developing effective leakage suppression strategies in ferroelectric devices.