bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global atmospheric distribution of microplastics with evidence of low oceanic emissions
Authors: Yang Shanye , Brasseur Guy , Walters Stacy , Lichtig Pablo , Li Cathy W. Y.
Published: February 2025

Recent investigations based on sea–air transfer physical mechanistic studies suggest that the global ocean’s contribution to atmospheric microplastic emissions is significantly lower (four orders of magnitude) than previously estimated. However, no atmospheric models or observations have yet validated this lower emission flux, leaving the analysis without adequate validation and practical significance. Here, we provide quantitative estimates of the global atmospheric microplastic budget based on this reduced oceanic flux. Our model aligns well with observed atmospheric microplastic concentrations and suggests that the ocean functions more as a sink than a source, contributing only ~0.008% of global emissions but accounting for ~15% of total deposition. This challenges the previous view of the ocean as the primary atmospheric microplastic source, urging a reassessment of pollution mitigation strategies.
A scoping review of ethical aspects of public-private partnerships in digital health
Authors: Bak Marieke A. R. , Horbach Daan , Buyx Alena , McLennan Stuart
Published: February 2025

Partnerships between public and private organizations in digital health can promote more accessible, affordable, and high-quality care, but they also raise ethical and governance challenges. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, identifying 46 studies examining ethical aspects of digital health public-private partnerships (PPPs). Three key themes emerged: data privacy and consent, ensuring public benefit and access, and good governance and demonstrating trustworthiness. We provide recommendations for each theme. To foster responsible innovation, we conclude that early and contextual operationalisation of ethics guidelines in PPPs is necessary to balance respect for fundamental values with the pursuit of impactful innovation. If PPPs become more successful as a result, this contributes to reducing the research waste of failed collaborations. Further research should clarify the scope of PPPs and definition of ‘public benefit’, and we call for critical study on the ‘economization’ of digital health promoted by public and private sector organizations.
High-performance magnetostatic wave resonators based on deep anisotropic etching of gadolinium gallium garnet substrates
Authors: Tiwari Sudhanshu , Ashok Anuj , Devitt Connor , Bhave Sunil A. , Wang Renyuan
Published: February 2025

Magnetostatic wave resonators based on yttrium iron garnet (YIG) are a promising technology platform for future communication filters. Such devices have demonstrated better quality factors than acoustic resonators in the 7 GHz range and above. However, the coupling coefficients of these resonators have been limited to less than 3%, primarily due to the restricted design space that is a result of microfabrication challenges related to the patterning of gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG), the substrate material used for growing single-crystal YIG. Here we report magnetostatic wave resonators created through the anisotropic etching of GGG substrates. Our approach, which is based on the YIG-on-GGG platform, uses a transducer with a hairclip-like structure. It is created by developing a microfabrication methodology that involves thinning and deep etching (up to 100 μm) of the GGG substrate. The resulting magnetostatic wave resonators exhibit a coupling of more than 8% in the 6–20 GHz frequency range.
Hydrodynamic cavitation mediated Spirulina valorisation with insights into phycocyanin extraction and biogas production
Authors: Chegukrishnamurthi Madhubalaji , Nagarajan Sanjay , Ravi Sarada , Mudliar Sandeep Narayana , Ranade Vivek V.
Published: February 2025

Commercial phycocyanin extraction is energy-intensive and lacks scalability. Alternatively, this study reports the systematic investigation of hydrodynamic cavitation for intensified phycocyanin extraction from Spirulina. Additionally, biomethane potential of the residual biomass, obtained after phycocyanin extraction was also investigated. The biomethane generation rate decreased with an increasing number of passes while the biomethane potential remained unaffected. To reliably compare phycocyanin extraction across systems, dimensionless normalised yields were defined. A normalised phycocyanin yield of 4.3 (52 mg phycocyanin g−1) at an inlet pressure of 150 kPa and 90 passes was identified (optimum cavitation). Lowest specific energy input (0.06kWh kg−1) was calculated for processing 100 g L−1
Spirulina, which is one to two orders of magnitude lower than current state-of-the-art. Furthermore, a net energy gain of 600-2497kWh kg−1 obtained from biomethane generation showcased a viable Spirulina biorefinery, intensified via hydrodynamic cavitation. This work provides a route for phycocyanin extraction with significantly reduced energy input and potential for wider bioproduct extraction and biorefining from a range of biomasses via hydrodynamic cavitation.
Repetitive concussions promote microglia-mediated engulfment of presynaptic excitatory input associated with cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Chahin Maryam , Mutschler Julius , Dzhuleva Stephanie P. , Dieterle Clara , Jimenez Leidy Reyes , Bhattarai Srijan Raj , Van Steenbergen Valerie , Bareyre Florence M.
Published: February 2025

Concussions are a current health concern and account for the vast majority of head trauma. While symptoms after a single impact are usually transient, repetitive concussions, as often occur in sports, are responsible for persistent acute and chronic deficits. Here, we used a model of bilateral midline-centered concussions in mice to show that repetitive concussions selectively induce impairments in learning ability compared to single-impact injuries. Since microglial cells and their activation are considered key factors in degenerative pathology after brain trauma, we examined their structure and function after single and repetitive concussions in the cortex underlying the concussions and in the hippocampus. We found that only repetitive concussions led to a significant long-lasting structural activation of microglia and an increase in microglia-mediated engulfment of presynaptic excitatory synapses, while the elimination of inhibitory synapses was not altered. Since the density of excitatory input did not change during the 6-week study period, we hypothesize that there is a turnover of excitatory synapses following repetitive concussion that can be compensated for, anatomically but not behaviorally.
Metabolic control analysis of biogeochemical systems
Authors: Louca Stilianos
Published: February 2025

Many reactive systems involve processes operating at different scales, such as hydrodynamic transport and diffusion, abiotic chemical reactions, microbial metabolism, and population dynamics. Determining the influence of these processes on system dynamics is critical for model design and for prioritizing parameter estimation efforts. Metabolic control analysis is a framework for quantifying the role of enzymes in cellular biochemical networks, but its applicability to biogeochemical and other reactive systems remains unexplored. Here I show how the core concepts of metabolic control analysis can be generalized to much more complex reactive systems, enabling insight into the roles of physical transport, population dynamics, and chemical kinetics at organismal to planetary scales. I demonstrate the power of this framework for two systems of importance to ocean biogeochemistry: A simplified (mostly didactic) model for the sulfate methane transition zone in Black Sea sediments, and a more comprehensive model for the oxygen minimum zone in Saanich Inlet near steady state. I find that physical transport is by far the greatest rate-limiting factor for sulfate-driven methane oxidation in the first system and for fixed nitrogen loss in the second system.
Medical ontology learning framework to investigate daytime impairment in insomnia disorder and treatment effects
Authors: Büsser Alexander J. , Durrer Renato , Freidank Moritz , Togninalli Matteo , Olivieri Antonio , Grandner Michael A. , McCall William V.
Published: February 2025

Background

Specificity challenges frequently arise in medical ontology used for the representation of real-world data, particularly in defining mental health disorders within widely used classification systems such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). This study aims to address these challenges by introducing the Disease-Specific Medical Ontology Learning (DiSMOL) framework, designed to generate precise disease representations from clinical physician notes, with a focus on daytime impairment in insomnia disorder.

Methods

The study applied the Disease-Specific Medical Ontology Learning framework to clinical notes to better represent daytime impairment. The framework’s performance was compared to insomnia expert-selected codes from ICD. Key statistical methods included sensitivity and F1-score comparisons, as well as analysis of symptom changes after the use of various medications, including benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepine receptor agonists, and trazodone.

Results

The DiSMOL framework significantly enhances the identification of daytime impairment in people with insomnia. Sensitivity increases from 17% to 98%, and the F1-score improves from 28% to 86%, compared with expert-selected ICD codes. Additionally, the framework reveals significant increases in daytime impairment symptoms following benzodiazepine use (18.9%), while traditional ICD codes do not detect any significant change.

Conclusions

The study demonstrates that DiSMOL offers a more accurate method for identifying specific disease aspects, such as daytime impairment in insomnia, than traditional coding systems. These findings highlight the potential of specialized ontologies to enhance the representation and analysis of real-world clinical data, with important implications for healthcare policy and personalized medicine.
Urinary metabolite model to predict the dying process in lung cancer patients
Authors: Coyle Séamus , Chapman Elinor , Hughes David M. , Baker James , Slater Rachael , Davison Andrew S. , Norman Brendan P. , Roberts Ivayla , Nwosu Amara C. , Gallagher James A. , Ranganath Lakshminarayan R. , Boyd Mark T. , Mayland Catriona R. , Kell Douglas B. , Mason Stephen , Ellershaw John , Probert Chris
Published: February 2025

Background

Accurately recognizing that a person may be dying is central to improving their experience of care at the end-of-life. However, predicting dying is frequently inaccurate and often occurs only hours or a few days before death.

Methods

We performed urinary metabolomics analysis on patients with lung cancer to create a metabolite model to predict dying over the last 30 days of life.

Results

Here we show a model, using only 7 metabolites, has excellent accuracy in the Training cohort n = 112 (AUC = 0·85, 0·85, 0·88 and 0·86 on days 5, 10, 20 and 30) and Validation cohort n = 49 (AUC = 0·86, 0·83, 0·90, 0·86 on days 5, 10, 20 and 30). These results are more accurate than existing validated prognostic tools, and uniquely give accurate predictions over a range of time points in the last 30 days of life. Additionally, we present changes in 125 metabolites during the final four weeks of life, with the majority exhibiting statistically significant changes within the last week before death.

Conclusions

These metabolites identified offer insights into previously undocumented pathways involved in or affected by the dying process. They not only imply cancer’s influence on the body but also illustrate the dying process. Given the similar dying trajectory observed in individuals with cancer, our findings likely apply to other cancer types. Prognostic tests, based on the metabolites we identified, could aid clinicians in the early recognition of people who may be dying and thereby influence clinical practice and improve the care of dying patients.
Activation of FGFR genes by genetic and epigenetic alterations in uterine leiomyomas
Authors: Jokinen Vilja , Taira Aurora , Kolterud Åsa , Ahlgren Isa , Palin Kimmo , Katainen Riku , Räisänen Maritta , Kaasinen Eevi , Ilves Sini , Raitila Anniina , Kopp Kallner Helena , Siili Emma , Bützow Ralf , Heikinheimo Oskari , Pasanen Annukka , Karhu Auli , Välimäki Niko , Aaltonen Lauri A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Fibroblast growth factor 1-4 (FGFR1-4) are well-known oncogenic drivers in many cancer types. Here, we studied the role of FGFRs in uterine leiomyoma (UL) that is a benign neoplasm arising from the myometrium and the most common tumour in women. Although ULs can be classified to molecular subtypes based on genetic drivers, potential secondary drivers are not well characterised.

Methods

We performed mutation analysis of RNA-sequencing data of ULs, followed by screening of FGFR alterations in our Finnish (n = 2677) and Swedish (n = 372) UL collections, utilising Sanger-, next-generation and Nanopore sequencing and SNP array data. The role of FGFR genes in UL predisposition was examined by GWAS.

Results

We identified FGFR activation in a subset of ULs on both genetic and epigenetic levels. In addition to single-nucleotide mutations in FGFR1/2, we detected an FGFR2-ERC1 fusion gene, FGFR1 gains and hypomethylation of regulatory regions of FGFR2/3. FGFR alterations were enriched in molecularly similar HMGA2, HMGA1 and PLAG1 UL subtypes. We also unveil a UL predisposing variant upstream of FGFR4 associated with increased expression in both normal myometrium and ULs.

Conclusions

Our results establish the role of FGFR signalling in the genesis of UL.
Host genetic diversity contributes to disease outcome in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection
Authors: Rao Deepashri , Lewis Matthew , Meade-White Kimberly , Shaia Carl , Okumura Atsushi , Ferris Martin T. , Schäfer Alexandra , Baric Ralph , Feldmann Heinz , Hawman David W.
Published: February 2025

The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), a widely distributed disease with significant morbidity and mortality. The virus has high genetic diversity correlated with geographic distribution but limited temporal evolution within regions. Despite this, cases of CCHF within a region present as a spectrum of disease from often unrecognized asymptomatic infections to severe, fatal viral hemorrhagic fever, suggesting host factors may play a role in disease outcome. We investigated the effect of host genetic diversity on the outcome of CCHFV infection in the genetically diverse Collaborative cross (CC)-mouse model. Infected mice recapitulated the full spectrum of disease recognized in humans, and similar to human disease, virus replication, tissue pathology, and inflammatory responses were associated with disease severity. Our study demonstrates that host genetics contribute to disease outcome in CCHF infection and establishes the CC mouse resource as a model to understand how host genetic diversity contributes to CCHF outcome.
A low-viscous and flowable zwitterionic liquid
Authors: Shimizu Mitsuhiro , Fujie Tetsuo , Shibata Mayu , Komori Tetsuo , Ninomiya Kazuaki , Takahashi Kenji , Uto Takuya , Kuroda Kosuke
Published: February 2025

A methodology of viscosity reduction that did not compromise the advantages of zwitterionic ionic liquids was developed by tethering the cation and anion with a flexible oligoether.
Selective hydrogenation of nitroaromatics catalyzed by surface Pt-rich high-entropy alloy catalysts at room temperature
Authors: Li Mingzhen , Li Yongsheng , Jing Zekun , Huang Deshun , Yue Guozong , Guo Yakun , Shuai Maobing
Published: February 2025

A high-entropy alloy with a surface Pt-rich structure for efficient selective hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene at room temperature.
Hollow Au Nanoparticles for Single-Molecule Raman Spectroscopy via Synergic Electromagnetic and Chemical Enhancement Strategy
Authors: Gao Zihan , Yang Haiyao , Zhang Jianzhi , Yang Jie , Hong Lihong , Li Zhiyuan
Published: February 2025

Raman spectroscopy has demonstrated significant potential in molecular detection, analysis, and identification, particularly when it adopts single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SM-SERS) substrates. A recent SM-SERS scheme incorporates two-fold Raman enhancement...
Reaction mechanism study of Al/Ti alloy thin films under thermal stimulation
Authors: Chang Shimin , Shen Ruiqi , Wu Lizhi
Published: February 2025

MD results show that larger modulation periods release more energy, while more cycles shorten reaction time and increase self-heating. In the “liquid-like” state (1840–1900 K), surface self-diffusion aids alloying.
In situ error analysis in contact angle goniometry
Authors: Nurmi Heikki A. , Zenuni Gentrit , Lepikko Sakari , Saine Reetta , Vuckovac Maja , Ras Robin H. A.
Published: February 2025

We developed a method for calculating error estimates for contact angles, which will enable comparison between research groups more accurately and increase robustness of contact angle measurements.
Post-Transition Metal Sn-Based Chalcogenide Perovskites: A Promising Lead-Free and Transition Metal Alternative for Stable, High-Performance Photovoltaics
Authors: Adhikari Surajit , Das Sankhasuvra , Johari Priya
Published: February 2025

Chalcogenide perovskites (CPs) have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications due to their stability, non-toxicity, small bandgaps, high absorption coefficients, and defect tolerance. Although transition metal-based CPs, particularly those...
Isolation of the Parent Triplet Titanocene via NHC Stabilisation
Authors: Meyer Felix , Demeshko Serhiy , Golz Christopher , Townrow Oliver , Fischer Malte
Published: February 2025

We present the synthesis and characterization of the first isolable monomeric triplet titanocene complex, stabilized by the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) IMe4. Investigated by SQUID magnetometry and quantum-chemical calculations, reactivity studies...
Characterisation of polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery
Authors: Floyd Thomas G. , Gurnani Pratik , Rho Julia Y.
Published: February 2025

Polymeric nanoparticles represent an innovative approach to drug delivery, particularly for addressing complex diseases like cancer.
Flow synthesis of Pt and Pt–Ag nanostructures towards hydrogen peroxide electroreduction
Authors: Singh Vini , Ramu Sridhar Perali , Singh R.
Published: February 2025

Anisotropic and isotropic Pt and Pt–Ag nanostructures synthesized via a flow-chemical methodology using a 3D-printed reactor for catalytic applications.
Ammonium-Preintercalated Layered Manganese Oxide with Single-Phase Intercalation Chemistry and Enhanced Two-Electron Reaction in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Tzu-Ho , Huang Jian-Xue , Liao Syu-Jin
Published: February 2025

Rechargeable aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage rooted in the merits of low cost and high safety. However, the development of Zn-MnO2 batteries with high capacity...
Polymorphism of g.1637T>G in the IZUMO1 gene as a potential genetic marker for reproductive traits of Donggala cattle (Bos indicus)
Authors: Baharun Abdullah , Putra Widya Pintaka Bayu , Rahmi Annisa , Maulana Tulus , Agung Paskah Partogi , Said Syahruddin , Duma Yulius , Tanari Mobius , Ramadhan Muhammad Gitar , Tyasi Thobela Louis
Published: February 2025

Donggala is one of Indonesia’s local cattle breeds from Central Sulawesi that is kept for meat production. This study was carried out to report the mutation site in the IZUMO1 gene of Donggala cows using forward sequencing methods. Thirty-tree (33) Donggala cows were used in this study as experimental animals. Results showed that 452 bp of the bovine IZUMO1 gene was amplified successfully using a designed primer pair. A mutation site of g.1637T>G (intron 2) was detected in the bovine IZUMO1 gene with a polymorphic informative content (PIC) value of 0.19 (moderate). In addition, the T allele was observed as the dominant allele in the g.1637T>G mutation. Despite this, the frequency of the TT genotype was higher than that of the TG genotype (0,76 vs 0,24). Meanwhile, the GG genotype was absent in the Donggala cows. However, genetic diversity in the g.1637T>G locus was under genetic equilibrium (χ2<3.841). In conclusion, a mutation of g.1637T>G has potency as a genetic marker of reproductive traits in Donggala cattle. In the future, an in-depth study involving a large sample and data records will be essential to clarify this finding.
Reproductive status of beef cows after foot and mouth disease (FMD) in East Java
Authors: Priyanto Langgeng , Putranti Oktora Dwi , Susanda Apriansyah , Ekowati Indah Agustina , Abrar Arfan , Maemunah Siti
Published: February 2025

The spread of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) has significantly declined in the population. FMD is an infectious disease that is susceptible to even-toed ungulates. This study examines beef cattle’s post-FMD reproductive performance in East Java, Indonesia. The implementation of the research was carried out from July to August 2023 in East Java Province. Conducted from July to August 2023, the study utilized quantitative methods with a survey-based approach, purposive sampling, and a combination of primary and secondary data collection. The rapid transmission of FMD has caused substantial economic losses. Key research parameters included the type of beef cattle, vaccination history, return to estrus, recovery duration from FMD, pregnancy rates, age, body condition score (BCS), feed types, and reproductive disorders post-FMD. Results showed that cattle breeds affected ranged from 3% to 49%, recovery duration varied from 12% to 58%, and vaccination coverage was between 16% and 33%. The return to estrus occurred in 16% to 44% of cattle, with pregnancy rates between 30% and 70%. Cattle age ranged from 24% to 76%, BCS ranged from 6% to 64%, and feed type varied from 7% to 57%. Regarding reproductive disorders, 56% of cows showed no issues, while 21% exhibited ovarian hypofunction, 12% had endometritis, 4% faced delayed puberty, 3% had follicular cysts, and 1% suffered from placental retention or atrophy. The reproductive performance of post-FMD beef cattle in East Java was generally favorable, though some challenges persisted. A prolonged estrus cycle, likely caused by extended recovery periods and reduced feed intake during FMD infection, led to decreased BCS and hormone imbalances. In addition to health impacts, FMD led to lower farmer incomes, inhibited growth in heifers, and reduced employment opportunities in the livestock sector.
Development of a frozen bovine semen diluent: Comparison of particle size of commercial and home-made diluents
Authors: Gunawan Muhammad , Arifiantini Iis , Karja Ni Wayan Kurniani , Setiadi Mohamad Agus , Kaiin Ekayanti Mulyawati , Said Syahruddin
Published: February 2025

A variety of diluents, both homemade and commercial, are used in Indonesian artificial insemination centers to freeze bovine semen. One of the homemade diluents used is Tris egg yolk. The egg yolk is used as a source of lecithin to protect the sperm membrane during freezing. The smaller the lecithin particles, the more effectively they can bind to the cell membrane. In addition, the particle size facilitates the analysis of sperm quality using Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA). This study aimed to perform particle analysis of lecithin in homemade and commercial diluents using a particle size analyzer (PSA). The diluents used in this study were Tris egg yolk, Andromed (Minitube, Germany), Bovifree (Minitube, Germany), OptiXcell (IMV, France), and BioXcell (IMV, France). The results showed that the Tris egg yolk diluent had the widest particle size range, from 584.5 ± 2.2 to 3255.7 ± 48.84 nm. The smallest commercial diluent was OptiXcell (64.6 ± 2 nm), followed by BioXcell (186.2 ± 2.2 nm), Andromed (245.7 ± 2.8 nm) and Bovifree (278.5 ± 2.5 nm). The sperm kinematics of frozen semen in Tris egg yolk diluent were challenging to analyze. In contrast, the kinematics of semen in commercial dilutions could be visualized and evaluated according to the established criteria. This study’s results indicate that the commercial diluent’s particle size is smaller than that of the homemade diluent and does not affect the results of the CASA assessment. Consequently, developing homemade diluents with a particle size comparable to commercial diluents is essential.
Ecotourism as Social Innovation in Durango
Authors: Lechuga-Nevárez Mayela del Rayo , Hernández-Chavarria Juana
Published: February 2025

The objective of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of ecotourism as a social innovation in the Municipality of Pueblo Nuevo in the state of Durango. It is a mixed study with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Nine ecotourism centers were visited where 86 questionnaires were applied to tourists and 46 within the centers around characteristics of employees, type of services, processes, marketing, and suppliers. On the other hand, 22 questionnaires were applied to complementary services to tourism such as medical services, mechanics, convenience stores, and restaurants. The findings reveal that ecotourism activities in Pueblo Nuevo are a social innovation, fostering economic and job growth in highly marginalized rural communities. These activities have empowered women, who make up the majority of employees, and promoted the sustainable use of natural resources through waste management, market strategies, and training. In addition, ecotourism contributes to the knowledge and professionalization of the community, creating a unique niche for tourists looking for nature-based experiences.
Trends in Eco-innovation Studies: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Convergence between Innovation and Sustainability
Authors: Carrillo-González Graciela , Solís-Tepexpa Sergio , Vázquez-García Ángel W. , Díaz Lopez Fernando J.
Published: February 2025

Currently, it is possible to identify that the convergence of innovation and sustainability has generated concepts such as: sustainable innovation, green innovation, and eco-innovation. From these definitions it is possible to recognize innovations that benefit the environment or minimize negative impacts on the planet. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to analyse the trajectory taken by academic and scientific research around the convergence of innovation and sustainability during the period 2017-2022. For this purpose, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using information from a database of 5,313 documents obtained from Scopus (including journal articles, book chapters and books). With this study, production and conceptual trajectories were identified, as well as conceptual networks that provide guidance on research trends in the field of sustainable innovation and eco-innovation. The results presented show a significant growth in academic production integrating innovation and sustainability as fields of study.
Navigating the New Normal: Digital Proximity and JIT in Small Business Transformation
Authors: Ramírez Martínez Lucía , Durazo-Watanabe Eduardo , Izquierdo Camacho Juan Carlos
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly impacted supply chains across various sectors. However, the healthcare sector, including dental services, has seen increased demand. This study proposes digital proximity as a new strategy for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to engage with their customers through digital channels. To implement this concept, the just-in-time methodology is recommended to optimize internal processes and compete with large e-commerce intermediaries. The key findings highlight a rise in demand for dental health services, particularly in dentistry, despite border closures. The United States remains the primary supplier of materials for the sector, underscoring limitations in the development of the local supply chain, which can be attributed to a lack of understanding of dental service providers’ needs. This study suggests digital proximity and just-in-time methodology as crucial strategies for SMEs to grow competitively at the regional level by fostering closer customer relationships, enabling faster adaptation to market needs, and improving process efficiency. In conclusion, these tools are essential for SME development in the dental service sector and their regional market expansion.
Innovation in Enterprises Operating at Informal Environments: The National Innovation Foundation, Lessons from India to Mexico
Authors: Rivera-Huerta René , Jaso-Sánchez Marco Aurelio , Ruiz-Castañeda Walter Lugo
Published: February 2025

In Latin America, the connection between innovative entrepreneurs in the informal economy and formal knowledge and policy institutions is minimal or non-existent. This is largely due to the fact that both academics and policymakers often assign a passive and therefore non-innovative role to such agents. However, this is not the case in other regions, particularly in India, where efforts are being made to enhance the capabilities of these entrepreneurs under the idea expressed by Anil Gupta that “minds in the margin are not marginal minds,” a lesson from which our society can learn [1]. This paper focuses on exploring the dynamics of the National Innovation Foundation, an intermediary organization in India that connects innovators in informal environments with the formal sector of their society, thereby strengthening their production while respecting their culture. The plausibility of applying this model to Mexico is also discussed.
Compact embedded RF sawtooth waveform generator for particle accelerator applications
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Kar Subrat , Sahu Bhuban Kumar
Published: February 2025

A compact, wideband, completely reconfigurable, and digitally controlled embedded instrument has been designed to generate a sawtooth waveform in the radio frequency regime. This instrument drives an RF structure called a Multi-Harmonic Buncher in a particle accelerator. Its main application is to time-bunch a DC or continuous ion beam for nuclear physics experiments from a particle accelerator, such as an RF linear accelerator, to boost the beam energy. This paper elaborates on the construction of this instrument, including the design and implementation of multiple feedback controls and complex signal processing algorithms to generate a stable sawtooth waveform. The entire design is space and resource-optimized to be hosted on a single system-on-chip field programmable gate array board, which helped reduce the development effort. A TCP/IP-based server–client application has been developed and deployed on the instrument for easy remote operation and reconfiguration of various parameters. Many hardware complexities are handled by the firmware and control software, which provides additional design flexibility over the previous digital designs. While the system can be configured to generate a sawtooth waveform for any frequency in the range of 1–50 MHz, an example application of a 12.125 MHz sawtooth waveform has been presented in detail. This instrument will be tested with the Multi-Harmonic Buncher of the Pelletron and High-Current Injector accelerators of IUAC, New Delhi.
MOLPIPx: An end-to-end differentiable package for permutationally invariant polynomials in Python and Rust
Authors: Drehwald Manuel S. , Jamali Asma , Vargas-Hernández Rodrigo A.
Published: February 2025

In this work, we present MOLPIPx, a versatile library designed to seamlessly integrate permutationally invariant polynomials with modern machine learning frameworks, enabling the efficient development of linear models, neural networks, and Gaussian process models. These methodologies are widely employed for parameterizing potential energy surfaces across diverse molecular systems. MOLPIPx leverages two powerful automatic differentiation engines—JAX and EnzymeAD-Rust—to facilitate the efficient computation of energy gradients and higher-order derivatives, which are essential for tasks such as force field development and dynamic simulations. MOLPIPx is available at https://github.com/ChemAI-Lab/molpipx.
Characterizing magnetohydrodynamical and induced magnetic effects inside a square channel using an inventive combination of spectral and one-step techniques
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Hamid Muhammad
Published: February 2025

A difficult matter for researchers is to develop numerical methods to analyze the behavior of nonlinear dynamical systems that arise in mathematical physics due to their nonlinearity and multi-dimensional nature. In this affection, a novel and effective coupling of spectral and one-step approaches is suggested and used to inspect the robust solutions to the mathematical problems. This proposed method is grounded on the one-step sixth-order Runge–Kutta (RK) method and the shifted Vieta–Fibonacci (sVF) polynomial-based spectral approach. First, use the sixth-order one-step technique for the temporal approximation, then utilize the sVF polynomials to estimate the spatial variables. The sVF polynomial-based new operational matrices are used to calculate the derivative terms of the mathematical models. Related theorems are presented in the paper to provide a mathematical validation of the technique. The suggested semi-spectral techniques transform the investigated nonlinear models into a set of linear algebraic equations, making them simpler to solve. We conduct theoretical and numerical research into the stability, convergence, and error-bound analysis to support the computational algorithm's mathematical formulation. Several mathematical models, including the Hartmann numbers ranging from 0 to 106, are taken into consideration to demonstrate the precision and efficacy of the proposed computational technique. A thorough comparison analysis illustrates the recommended computational approach's validity, correctness, and dependability. The suggested construction of sixth-order in the temporal direction and exponential order around 3.5545e0.1515M in the spatial direction is determined to be exceptional in handling nonlinear problems and examining the exact solutions.
Rapid identification of shark species on mislabelled seafood products in Mexican markets
Authors: Jiménez-Pérez Alexis Alejandro , Garciglia-Mercado Carolina , Flores-Ramírez Sergio Francisco , Gónzalez-Armas Rogelio , Galván-Magaña Felipe , Zetina-Rejón Manuel Jesús , Cardona-Félix César Salvador
Published: February 2025

Context Sharks have been captured globally for decades. Shark exploitation lacks appropriate regulation, hindering an assessment of captured and traded individuals. This necessitates the development of a method to quickly and easily identify shark species. Aims We aim to standardise and validate a rapid, effective method of shark species identification from Mexican markets. Methods Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assays were developed for the identification of five commercially important shark species in the north-west region of Mexico: Carcharhinus falciformis, Prionace glauca, Isurus oxyrinchus, Sphyrna zygaena and Sphyrna lewini. A total of 350 samples was collected from markets and samples were labelled as ‘cazón’ (small shark), ‘marlín’ (marlin) and ‘tiburón’ (shark). Key results Through LAMP assay standardisation, individuals of five species were able to be identified: 17 individuals of S. zygaena, 17 of S. lewini, 24 of C. falciformis, 26 of P. glauca and 85 of I. oxyrinchus. To validate species identification by LAMP, sequences of COI and ITS2 were obtained and analysed by BLASTn. A 100% match identity for LAMP assays and associated sequences was obtained. Additionally, the DNA limit of detection was determined down to 0.1 ng/μL of shark DNA. Conclusions These results highlight an urgent need to effectively identify commercially traded species, some of which may be endangered and to establish species-level labelling in national policies. Implications Application of correct species labels to national seafood products could encourage consumers to make responsible food choices.
Narrating violent victimization by positioning self and others
Authors: Hatavara Mari , Presser Lois
Published: February 2025

Victimologists observe that telling one’s story can foster healing for survivors of violence. To understand these
processes better, victims’ narratives must be understood as situated acts of telling. This paper takes one man’s narration of
victimization long past — child abuse and rape — as a case. We examined his interview-derived storytelling with a focus on
narrative positioning, narrative discourse modes, and negations. We found that Stefan (a pseudonym) used various discursive modes
and narrative positionings to exercise control over the stories and what they mean. His agency was partly achieved by what he
recounted not doing or saying, and what he refused to address in the interview situation. Thus, his narratives feature his own
defiance and self-empowerment in both the scene and the aftermath of violence. These findings lead us to conclude that narrative
strategies of storytelling should be taken into account in any practical interventions that involves testimony about harm.
Attenuation characteristic of stress-wave in load-bearing soft-rock under different impact loading
Authors: Zhi Bin , Gao Yongji , Sun Yinhao , Qu Yakang
Published: February 2025

To explore the wave development law affected by impact loading, taking the sandstone of a tunnel as the material, this paper analyzed its development characteristics. The results show that stress significantly affects the propagation of stress waves. The peak of the compressive wave gradually decreases, and its waveform remains similar throughout. The stress influences the frequency spectrum characteristic. The frequency spectrum value initially shows a stage response law. Under the same load environment, the main frequency has a significant peak, and there is no secondary main frequency. In the low-stress environment, the main-frequency attenuation rate has high dispersion, and the data generally decreases nonlinearly. With the increase of the load value, the attenuation rate slows down, showing a typical linear development trend. The findings are of great significance for exploring the deterioration mechanism of sedimentary rock.
Natural convection characteristics of closed cavity in airflow inclination sensor
Authors: Zheng Yonghong , Xiao Wei
Published: February 2025

The basic equations of natural convection in a closed cavity are introduced and the characteristic numbers of natural convection are calculated. The results show that the convective problem of the cavity belongs to the small Reynolds number problem. The viscous force plays a major role. The thickness of the temperature boundary layer and the flow boundary layer in the closed cavity is approximately equal. The method of improving the stability of the sensor is proposed by the discussion of the Grashof number. The convective heat transfer in a closed cavity is equivalent to the thermal transfer of the cavity.
Dynamic response of panel dam of Anti-seepage reservoir basin considering Dam-reservoir water hydrodynamic interaction
Authors: Meng Yayun , Ye Xiangfei , Liu Yaolai , Wang Xiafei , Qiu Yun , Yuan Li , Liu Man
Published: February 2025

Based on the fluid motion equation, the finite element equation of the dam-reservoir water coupling system was established to calculate the dynamic response between the compressible reservoir water and the face rockfill dam, the dynamic response was compared with the dynamic response calculated by the Westergaard added mass formula, and the compressible and incompressible calculation results of the reservoir water were discussed. The results show that the failure of the panel tensile stress to exceed the standard will affect the overall anti-seepage safety of the reservoir basin. Although the dynamic response calculated by the Westergaard formula has little effect on the absolute acceleration and maximum dynamic displacement, it underestimates the influence of hydrodynamic pressure, and the calculated static and dynamic superimposed tensile stress along the slope is smaller. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the dam-reservoir water hydrodynamic interaction when the face rockfill dam of the anti-seepage reservoir basin is subjected to seismic analysis. In addition, the hydrodynamic pressure distribution when the water body is compressible is similar to when the water body is incompressible and only increases in numbers.
The lifespan of solutions for damped semilinear hyperbolic equation with logarithmic nonlinearity
Authors: Zu Ge , Lv Bo
Published: February 2025

This paper deals with the hyperbolic equation with strong damping, weak damping, and logarithmic nonlinearity. We prove a finite time blow-up result for high initial energy and the upper bounds of the blow-up time are obtained by using improved Levine’s concavity method. Furthermore, a control function with a small dissipative term is defined to obtain lower bounds of the blow-up time.
Lower bound for the minimal eigenvalue of M-matrices
Authors: Zhong Qin
Published: February 2025

M-matrices have several applications in domains such as control theory, numerical analysis, optimization problems, probability, and statistics. One of the key areas of M-matrix theory is the study of minimal eigenvalues of M-matrices. The goal of this note is to introduce a better lower bound for the minimal eigenvalue of M-matrices using the special inclusion theorem for matrix eigenvalues. Two numerical tests are considered to confirm the efficiency of the new lower bound.
A property of irrational numbers and its application in music
Authors: Chen Genfang
Published: February 2025

The concept of irrational envelope numbers and some properties of their polynomial range were introduced in this paper. The paper proves the number of two intervals forming a unit circle of Circumference 1, proposes a method of rolling subtraction to find the number of musical tones needed for any small comma in music, and finally gives the cent value of the interval corresponding to some envelope numbers.
Study on the joint detection of coalfield ‘skylight’ structure by high-density resistivity method and transient electromagnetic method
Authors: Tong Jingyang , He Xiaolong , Dong Yi
Published: February 2025

The water-conducting channel formed between adjacent aquifers is called ‘skylight’, which is an important factor leading to water and water-sand inrush accidents in coal mines. In order to find out the possible spatial position of the ‘skylight’ structure in a coal mine, the opposing coil’s transient electromagnetic method(OCTEM) and the high-density resistivity method are utilized for joint detection. Combined with geological data to interpret the resistivity section of the transient electromagnetic method, the position of low resistance anomaly is delineated. The results of the data are processed by 3D visualization. The results of the data are a ‘funnel-shaped’ structure in 3D space. Meanwhile, The findings in the high-density resistivity method further indicate that the resistivity at the delineated anomalous location exhibits a notable decrease compared to the resistivity of the adjacent rock formations.The results of the two methods verify each other and confirm the development position of the ‘skylight’ structure. The research shows that the combined detection of the transient electromagnetic method and high-density resistivity method can better identify the ‘skylight’ structure of coalfield, and can provide a safe geological guarantee for coal mine production, which has good application value and promotion significance.
Enhanced energy absorption in star-shaped honeycomb structures through the negative poisson’s ratio effect
Authors: Ren Jianpeng , Gu Zhoupeng , Zhao Aiguo , Wu Xianqian
Published: February 2025

Star-shaped honeycomb (SSH) structures exhibit broad application potential in impact protection by the negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR). However, existing research has primarily focused on conventional structures with positive Poisson’s ratios (PPR), leaving the performance of NPR effects in SSH, particularly in combination with other materials, insufficiently explored. This study aims to investigate the NPR effect in SSH structures by systematically analysing the influence of varying Poisson’s ratios on energy absorption performance through wall angle adjustments. Results indicate that the NPR effect significantly enhances the specific energy absorption of SSH. Furthermore, in the coupling system of SSH filled with shear-thickening fluid, the NPR effect further augments energy absorption and establishes a stable energy dissipation mechanism under dynamic impact conditions. This study provides theoretical and experimental support for the application of SSH structures in impact protection and introduces an effective strategy for designing energy-absorbing structures through SSH-STF coupling.
Thermal environment modelling - assessment of Fanger model’s usability in the smart building supplied from renewable energy sources
Authors: Dębska Luiza , Siwczuk Natalia
Published: February 2025

The proper design of smart buildings, usually powered with renewable energy sources, should ensure that the indoor conditions are comfortable and users experience thermal comfort throughout the year. The existing model of thermal comfort comes from the 60’s/70’s and was the basis for the ISO 7730 Standard. It utilizes the concept of the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied) indicators. The current paper compares the actual expressions of people (as indicated by them in the anonymous questionnaires) with the PMV/PPD values calculated according to the Standard. Therefore, 76 people aged 20 to 40 were examined during the heating period. The temperature in the rooms ranged from 21.6°C to 24.1°C, and the insulation of the clothes of the examined people ranged from 0.40 to 1.39 clo. Differences between these values have been discussed and conclusions have been drawn as to the usability of this thermal comfort model in smart buildings, which still seem to be a novelty in Central European countries and data on their thermal comfort performance is still quite modest.
Lithium-ion-battery state of health estimation based on coefficient of variation
Authors: Liao Zihan , Zhang Zijie , Yang Jin , Li Chaoyang , Li JinJing , Han Jingang
Published: February 2025

The state of health (SOH) is an important indicator of the reliable and safe working of lithium-ion battery systems in new energy vehicles and energy storage power stations. In order to find a fast, accurate, concise and understandable approach for estimating the SOH of lithium-ion batteries, a health estimation method for lithium-ion batteries is proposed based on the coefficient of variation (COV) as the health factor. The battery SOH is estimated by deriving the COV based on the charge and discharge voltage series of li-ion batteries over a certain voltage window or a certain state of charge (SOC) range, calculating its linear relationship with the SOH, and finally building a COV-SOH model. The effects of different voltage windows on the health estimation model of nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary batteries (NCA) and ferrous lithium phosphate (LFP) batteries are also investigated at different multiplications of the charging and discharging process. The results illustrate that for NCA batteries, the COV is linearly positively correlated with SOH for both voltage series based on 0.25C, 0.5C, and 1C charging multiplicity as well as 1C discharging, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of up to 0.98 after linear fitting; for the LFP batteries, the COV is linearly negatively correlated with SOH, whether based on partial voltage sequences of 5.2C and 4.2C charging or 4C discharging, with a R2 of up to 0.99 after linear fitting. The COV-SOH model demonstrates a strong linear correlation for both NCA and LFP batteries, under both charging and discharging conditions, and across a range of current multiplication rates, indicating the model’s high robustness.