bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Penghidupan Berkelanjutan Petani Lahan Pasir Berbasis Aset Natural dan Aset Fisikal di Pesisir Desa Bugel Kecamatan Panjatan Kabupaten Kulonprogo
Authors: Ragil Candra , Eris Vita Alusia
Published: May 2020

Desa Bugel Kecamatan Panjatan Kabupaten Kulon Progo terletak di pesisir selatan Pulau Jawa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Walaupun lahannya cenderung berpasir dan rentan banjir, tetapi pertanian di Desa Bugel memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan petani. Beberapa bentuk nyata dari peningkatan kesejahteraan tersebut yang dapat dilihat dari semakin baiknya kondisi rumah, kendaraan, kesehatan, pendidikan, kepemilikan lahan pertanian yang cukup luas. Para petani menggunakan metode dan teknologi yang lebih modern daripada petani tradisional pada umumnya, sehingga strategi petani dalam menghadapi keterbatasan kondisi alam inilah yang akan menjadi latar belakang perlunya dilakukan penelitian ini sehingga dapat dikembangkan untuk diterapkan pada lahan pertanian di daerah lain.  Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deduktif kualitatif dengan penentuan sampel secara purposif dan snowball, kemudian validitas data menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aset natural dan aset fisikal sangat berperan dalam menentukan kemajuan pertanian di Desa Bugel.
JARAK LAYANAN, KAPASITAS KELEMBAGAAN DAN KERAGAMAN CAPAIAN PEMBANGUNAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Iskandar Doddy Aditya
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAKArtikel ini membahas peran kebijakan pemerintah didalam melaksanakan otonomi daerah untuk mengurangi ketertinggalan dan ketimpangan antar wilayah. Jika pendekatan otonomi daerah dipandang mampu mengurangi jarak dan cakupan layanan pemerintah kepada masyarakat, seyogyanya seluruh daerah di Indonesia akan berkembang serta tidak lagi ada ketimpangan antar wilayah. Fokus kajian diarahkan kepada bagaimana kebijakan menghasilkan capaian hasil pembangunan daerah yang berbeda-beda satu dengan lainnya. Dua kelompok amatan yang berisikan wilayah berstatus daerah tertinggal dan non-tertinggal dikembangkan untuk melihat variasi dan faktor penyebabnya. Hasil kajian mengindikasikan kebijakan yang selama ini ditempuh oleh pemerintah belum mampu menghilangkan derajat ketertinggalan dan ketimpangan antar wilayah di Indonesia.Kata kunci: otonomi daerah, ketimpangan antar wilayah, daerah tertinggal ABTRACTThis article evaluates the role of government policy in addressing regional disparity through the lens of local autonomy. If local autonomy is perceived as capable in reducing span of control and the coverage area of government service provision to the local community, the application of such a policy would lead to the reduction of regional disparity. Two groups with different development achievement were created and evaluated in order to identify why there were variations between the two and what factors contribute to such variations. The result indicates the existing government policy was incapable in alleviating lagging regions and regional disparity.  Keywords: local autonomy, regional disparity, lagging regions
INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM DALAM PENGEMBANGAN SMART CITY DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Alkis Citra Desy Aisyah
Published: May 2020

Transportasi sejatinya merupakan salah satu komponen penting penunjang aktifitas perkotaan, termasuk juga di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakrta (DIY), yang merupakan daerah dengan kawasan perkotaan yang berkembang pesat. Transportasi yang baik tidak hanya diperlukan untuk menunjang mobilitas penduduk perkotaan, tetapi sebagai salah satu destinasi wisata utama di Indonesia, penyediaan layanan transportasi yang baik juga diperlukan untuk menunjang mobilitas wisatawan Yogyakarta. Startegi perencanaan dan pengelolaan transportasi DIY terus dikembangkan sesuai dengan trend bermobilisasi penduduk DIY, yang saat ini tidak bisa dilepaskan dari peranan Teknologi Informasi. Peningkatan permasalahan transportasi di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, khusunya dikawasan perkotaan DIY dipengaruhi dengan peningkatan jumlah kendaraan yang semakin pesat dari tahun ke tahun. Pembaruan dan pengembangan dalam pelayanan transportasi untuk menangani berbagai permasalah tersebut terus dilakukan Pemda DIY, salah satunya dengan pengembangan Intelligent Transport System (ITS). Pemda DIY melalui SKPD Dinas Perhubungan DIY telah dan sedang terus mengembangkan sistem transportasi berbasis teknologi informasi dalam penerapan prasarana pendukung pengaturan lalu lintas.Pengembangan ITS dalam konteks Smart City di DIY merupakan salah satu alternatif pengembangan layanan transportasi daerah yang sesuai dengan perkembangan DIY saat ini. Pemanfaatan dan pengintegrasian Teknologi Informasi kedalam strategi perencanaan dan pengelolaan daerah khususnya di bidang transportasi merupakan suatu strategi cerdas di era Information Technology (IT) saat ini. Penelitian melalui metode studi kasus ini merangkum bagaimana proses perkembangan ITS tersebut dalam konteks perkembangan Smart City yang sedang menjadi isu hangat di DIY saat ini.
Histopathology of Macrophomina Stem Canker Disease in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)
Authors: Maurya Sandeep K. , Kaur Surinder , Chauhan Vijay B.
Published: May 2020

Macrophomina phaseolina, causal agent of stem canker disease has recently emerged as an agriculturally important plant pathogen. Macrophomina stem canker disease (MSD), caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a potentially serious disease in pigeonpea that occurs when reaches physiological maturity i.e., during flowering. The fungus incites necrotic lesions on stem and girdles the plant at the base leading to premature flower drop leading to complete witling and finally death of the entire plant. The mechanisms of infection remain to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated histopathology of MSD caused by M. phaseolina in pigeonpea seed and seedlings using light microscopy. Pigeonpea variety ‘Bahar’ was used in this study. Histopathological sections of seed, stem, root, and leaves were prepared and stained with safranin and trypan blue. Histopathology of the infected plant parts showed the presence of intercellular mycelia and microsclerotia in the cortex and vascular tissues. The germ tube colonized the plant with growth of seedlings following seed coat, cotyledon, stem, root and leaves. According to the results, the pathogen can penetrate and invade the seeds within 24 h post inoculation.
Potentiality of Bioagents on Seed Quality Enhancement in Chickpea
Authors: Bharathi Venuturla , Durga Kilaru K. , Rani Madugula S.
Published: May 2020

Planting healthy seeds and other inputs have an impact on seed quality, fungal invasion deteriorates the seed quality in soil and storage. Studies on chickpea carried out at Seed Research and Technology Center, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during spring 2010-11 & 2011-12 revealed that benomyl was found effective followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens in the inhibition of mycelial growth of Fusarium solani. Maximum germination percentage was recorded with Benomyl (Benomyl 500 WP) @ 2 g/kg seed (treated check) and Tebuconazole @ 1 ml/ kg seed (95 per cent) followed by treatment with P. fluorescens @ 10 g/kg seed along with soil application of P. fluorescens @ 3 kg/acre (94 per cent). Maximization of growth parameters like root length, shoot length and total seedling length were observed with Benomyl @ 2 g/ kg seed  as 17.0 cm, 10.3 cm and 27.3 cm, respectively. Considering seedling vigour index as an important seed quality character, P. fluorescens and Benomyl @ 2 g/kg seed recorded high seedling vigor index. The per cent recovery of infested seeds was found to be low with treated seeds when compared to the control.
Survey and Genetic Diversity of Grapevine Leafroll Associated Virus 2 in Algeria
Authors: Lehad Arezki , Selmi Ilhem , Louanchi Meriem , Aitouada Mouni , Mahfoudhi Naima
Published: May 2020

Vineyards in western and center regions of Algeria were surveyed for the Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2). Analyses by DAS-ELISA and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) reveal 15, 8% prevalence. The genetic diversity of the GLRaV-2 population was studied by phylogenetic analyses of the HSP70h gene region of seven samples sequenced in this study and other sequences downloaded from GenBank. Results reveal segregation of the GLRav-2 population into six distinct groups. An estimation of the ratio of non-synonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site to synonymous substitutions per synonymous site indicated that HSP70h gene evolve under positive selection. Similarity plot constructed with representative sequence from each group confirmed previous results.  All Algerian isolates belong to group PN. As far as we know, this is the first characterization of GLRaV-2 isolates from Algeria.
Alternaria radicina Causing Leaf Spot Disease of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Wasit (Middle of Iraq) and Its Susceptibility to Bioassay Test of Two Fungicides
Authors: Khudhair Mohammed W. , Jabbar Ruaa A. , Dheyab Naeem S. , Hamad Bassim S. , Aboud Hadi M. , Khalaf Hiatham S. , Mohammed Nadia J.
Published: May 2020

Three Alternaria radicina (Meier) Neerg isolates (A1, A2, and A3) were isolated and firstly recorded in date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. leaves in Wasit province (middle of Iraq) and identified as the causative pathogen of black spot disease. Two fungicides (Bavistin and Tachigazole) were used in vitro to measure their ability to control this pathogen. Study results revealed that both chemical fungicides expressed high level of inhibition in fungal radial growth especially at a concentration of 100 ppm and the lowest growth was at the concentration 5 ppm among all three isolates in both two fungicides. Bavistin revealed higher inhibition rate than Tachigazole with lowest LC50 (12.21) at the isolate A3. Tachigazole treatment showed high level of variation at all concentrations.
Detection and Identification of Mycobiota Associated with Rice in Three Districts of Iraq
Authors: Ali Hamdia Z. , Aboud Hadi M. , Dheyab Naeem S. , AbdulQader AbdulRahman , Mohammed Ameera S. , Saood Hutham M. , Obiad Suraa H. , Salman Salam D.
Published: May 2020

The reduction of yield, quality, and nutritional value of grain cereals by different fungal species is of great concern around the world. A comprehensive investigation was made on fungal mycobiota in rice from three provinces; Baghdad, Al-Najaf and Al-Qadisiyah of Iraq surveyed during the growing season 2014-2015. Fields were selected due to their location near the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers. Mycological analysis indicated that there were a difference rates in disease infection due to various fungal species. Predominant fungal species identified as Bipolaris spicifera, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium spp., Nigrospora oryzae, Exserohilum rostratum, Alternaria spp. and Thanatephorus cucumeris. Confirmation of the associated fungal species was further accomplished by analysis of their ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer region sequences. The present study provides a detailed description of the associated fungal species, which may help in understanding the population dynamics and in developing effective control measures.
Bacterial Wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Ethiopia: StatusaAnd Management Approaches: A Review
Authors: Kurabachew Henok , Ayana Getachew
Published: May 2020

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most devastating plant diseases of economically important crops mainly Solanaceous family such as tomato, potato, pepper and eggplant. These crops play a significant role primarily as sources of income and food security for the small scale farming community in Ethiopia. The occurrence of bacterial wilt disease in Ethiopia was reported in 1956 and is known to cause significant yield loss on different Solanaceous crops in different parts of the country. On the basis of conventional characterization and classification, the strains of R. solanacearum found in Ethiopia have been identified as biovar 1 and 2. Recent characterization of R. solanacearum strains based on phylotype grouping using multiplex PCR and partial endoglucanase gene sequencing identified the occurrences of phylotype II and III. The association of biovar and phylotyping schemes indicated that phylotype II comprises only biovar 2, and phylotype III comprises strains of biovar 1 and biovar 2. The importance of the disease on Solanaceous crop is increasing from time to time specially in potato producing areas of the country. Apart from Solanaceous crops, the disease has also been posing a catastrophic damage to ginger production. Latently infected ginger rhizomes and potato seed tuber and decreasing of land holdings that limit crop rotation have contributed to the wider spread of the disease. In this review attempt has been made to summarize relevant scientific studies on this economically important disease in Ethiopia as well as its different disease management options, challenges and future considerations. Because, there is no single effective control measure against the target pathogen so far, a well-coordinated effort is required to develop an integrated disease management program that will help to minimize the damage and yield loss caused by the disease.
Pathogenic Variation of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causing Anthracnose of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Uganda
Authors: Kiryowa Moses J. , Ebinu Aston , Kyaligonza Vincent , Nkalubo Stanley T. , Paparu Pamela , Mukankusi Clare , Tukamuhabwa Phinehas
Published: May 2020

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a highly variable pathogen of common beans that easily overcomes resistance in cultivars bred with single-gene resistance. To determine pathogenic variability of the pathogen in Uganda, samples of common bean tissues with anthracnose symptoms were collected in eight districts of Uganda, namely Kabarole, Sironko, Mbale, Oyam, Lira, Kapchorwa, Maracha and Kisoro. 51 isolates sporulated successfully on Potato Dextrose Agar and Mathur’s media and were used to inoculate 12 differential cultivars under controlled conditions. Five plants per cultivar were inoculated with each isolate and then evaluated for their reaction using the 1 – 9 severity scale. Races were classified using the binary nomenclature system proposed by Pastor Corrales (1991). Variation due to cultivar and isolate effects was significant (P≤0.001) for severity. The 51 isolates from eight districts grouped into 27 different races. Sironko district had the highest number of races followed by Mbale and Kabarole. Races 2047 and 4095 were the most frequently found, each with 10 isolates grouped under them. Race 4095 was the most virulent since it caused a susceptible (S) reaction on all 12 differential cultivars and the susceptible check. This was followed by races 2479, 2047 and 2045 respectively. Two races, 4094 and 2479, caused a susceptible reaction on the differential cultivar G2333, which nevertheless, showed the most broad spectrum resistance followed by cultivars Cornell 49-242, TU, and AB136 respectively. These cultivars are recommended for use in breeding programs aiming at breeding for broad spectrum resistance to bean anthracnose in Uganda.
ANALISA KEKUATAN TARIK DAN DENSITAS KOMPOSIT POLIMER BERPENGUAT SERBUK CANGKANG TELUR
Authors: Kadir Abd , Saputra Muh Rabiul
Published: May 2020

Material komposit saat ini mulai digunakan karena memiliki beberapa keuntungan jika dibandingkan dengan material logam, keramik dan polimer, diantaranya adalah massanya yang lebih ringan, tidak beracun, bahan baku melimpah, tahan korosi, ramah terhadap lingkungan, compatibility dengan bagian tubuh serta memiliki kekuatan yang baik. Partikulat komposit yang di perkuat dengan cangkang telur (egg shell chicken) di ayak menggunakan mesh 200 dengan ukuran partikel 75 µm dapat ditingkatkan dengan variasi berat komposit untuk mendapatkan kompsoisi yang baik dari komposit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui nilai kekuatan tarik dan densitas komposit dari variasi fraksi berat komposoit 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% dan 60%. Serbuk cangkang telur dibuat komposit dengan perbandingan epoxy resin dan epoxy hardener 72:27. Komposit dibuat dalam bentuk spesimen sesuai standart ASTM D 638-01 tipe I. kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengujian kekuatan tarik, uji bending dan foto makro pada komposit.Hasil pengujian kekuatan tarik dan densitas dari variasi berat serbuk cangkang telur di peroleh kekuatan tarik optimum 24.823±6.67 MPa pada fraksi berat  30% dan nilai densitas tertinggi 1.376 ±0.04 gr/cm3 pada fraksi berat 60%.
PROSES PEMBUATAN BRIKET BERBASIS KULIT SINGKONG DAN KAJIAN EKSPERIMEN PARAMETRIS PENGARUH BAHAN PEREKATNYA TERHADAP NILAI KALOR DAN LAJU PEMBAKARAN
Authors: Delly Jenny
Published: May 2020

Teknologi briket berbasis kulit singkong dapat berkontibusi dalam mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap bahan bakar konvensional dan dalam menjaga kelestarian lingkungan. Salah satu bagian penting dalam menentukan kualitas briket sebagai bahan bakar adalah bahan perekat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk untuk mengetahui pengaruh bahan perekat terhadap laju pembakaran dan nilai kalor briket kulit singkong dan untuk menjelaskan proses pembuatanya. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen pada benda uji briket kulit singkong. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa briket dengan perekat tepung tapioka memiliki nilai kalor yang terbesar (180.8749 J/gr), diikuti oleh briket dengan perekat tanah liat (143.1996 J/gr ) dan briket dengan perekat tepung sagu (128.6978 J/gr). Laju pembakaran dengan perekat tanah liat adalah 0.56 gr/menit, sedangkan briket dengan perekat tepung sagu adalah 0.43 gr/menit dan briket dengan perekat tepung tapioka adalah 0.36 gr/menit. Proses pembuatan briket berbasis kulit singkong juga dijelaskan mendalam dalam artikel ini.
ANALISIS STABILITAS FONDASI MESIN PEMBANGKIT HYDRO PADA SUNGAI BAWAH TANAH ZONA KARST
Authors: Sulha Sulha , Rifa’i Ahmad , Sarita Umran
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis stabilitas fondasi mesin pembangkit listrik hydro pada sungai bawah tanah zona karst di Goa Seropan, menggunakan metode elemen hingga model  plan-strain. Pendekatan analisis dilakukan pada tampang fondasi dengan menggunakan 4 model geometri. Material properti di lokasi konstruksi diambil dari hasil penelitian dan uji laboratorium IWRM Goa Seropan dari tim teknis UGM. Input gemoteri diperoleh dari data pengukuran lapangan yang disederhanakan, sedangkan input parameter tanah, batuan dan beton diperoleh dari data sekunder. Analisis model yakni beban statis dan dinamis menggunakan software PLAXIS  v8.2, yang divalidasi berdasarkan perhitungan manual. Hasil simulasi numeris menunjukkan penambahan bored pile 0,20 meter pada sistem fondasi pembangkit hydro-power mampu melawan tegangan yang terjadi di tanah dasar akibat beban gempa dengan faktor aman sebesar 2,01. Sistem fondasi pada model geometri I, dengan dimensi pelat horisontal sebesar 0,40 meter, dinding vertikal sebesar 0,30 meter, dan bored pile sebesar 0,20 meter, cukup aman dan stabil terhadap beban statik maupun dinamik. Selisih diplacement vertikal maksimum dua titik fondasi pada model gemetri I akibat akumulasi pembebanan menyebabkan angular distortion sebesar 0,2159 cm (1/1112) masih relatif kecil dari angular distortion izin (1/750). Simpangan horisontal maksimum fondasi dan bangunan yang terjadi akibat beban gempa 355,4g adalah sebesar 0,379%,  masih relatif aman jika ditinjau terhadap simpangan izin sebesar 1,54%. Software PLAXIS terbukti mampu memodelkan perilaku dinding goa dan struktur yang memikul beban statik dan dinamik dengan cukup baik.
Sistem Kendali Penerangan Ruangan Untuk Mengurangi Konsumsi Energi Listrik dengan Pemanfaatan Android dan Bluetooth
Authors: Isnawaty Isnawaty , Mayangsari Sri Astuti , Rachman Aditya
Published: May 2020

Efisiensi penggunaan listrik merupakan salah satu aktivitas penting saat ini, karena keterbatasan dan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dari sumber-sumber energi fosil  yang digunakan saat ini. Salah satu komponen yang mengkonsumsi energi listrik adalah penggunaan penerangan ruangan. Pengaturan pengoperasian penerangan kebanyakan dilakukan secara manual, dimana kurang efektif dan efisien. Hal ini disebabkan sistem  kendali manual bergantung kepada seorang atau beberapa operator untuk menghidupkan atau mematikannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem kendali penerangan ruangan, yaitu menyalakan dan memadamkan serta mendeteksi penghuni dalam ruangan melalui smartphone android dan Mikrokontroler dengan memanfaatkan koneksi bluetooth. Teknologi keduanya dapat menciptakan sebuah alat dengan sistem yang dapat mempermudah dalam hal pengendalian listrik. Handphone android akan digunakan sebagai sentral pengendali (Tx) dengan penekanan tombol instruksi pada aplikasi yang dibangun pada android sebagai interface ke sistem mikrokontroler. Aplikasi dibangun dengan menggunakan metode pengembangan prototype sehingga dapat mengefisienkan waktu pengerjaan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang dilakukan, sistem dapat bekerja dengan baik sesuai dengan tujuan. Program sistem kendali yang dibuat dapat dijalankan pada sistem operasi android, yang dapat difungsikan menyalakan dan memadamkan  lampu sebanyak 3 buah. Pada pengujian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan halangan dan tanpa halangan didapatkan jarak maksimal untuk pengontrolan dengan menggunakan halangan dapat berjalan dengan baik pada jarak ± 9 m, dan untuk pengujian tanpa halangan pengontrolan dapat berjalan baik hingga jarak ± 25 m.
EXPERIENCE ON DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD PAVEMENTS USING THE CLAUSES OF EUROPEAN STANDARDS ON HYDRAULICALLY BOUND MATERIALS
Authors: Tereshchenko Tatiana , Illiash Serhii
Published: May 2020

Hydraulically bound mixtures (HBM) are most effectively applied in the base layers of flexible road pavements to enhance their load bearing capacity and also in the base layers of rigid road pavements in the case of weak soils of the sub-grade. The evaluation of Ukrainian standards which are identical to European standards relating HBM leads to the point of subsequent implementation of new requirements trough design and construction of motor roads in Ukraine. The by European standards stated requirements and classification of HBM provide a modelling regime closer to the performance of bound pavement layer and give the wider range of HBM designations with different strength properties. Thus, this article reviews such aspects of design and construction of road pavements with HBM layers which are distinguished from the conception approved now in Ukraine. The reviewed clauses on design and construction concern road pavements which, in accordance with the European practice, are classified as flexible pavements or semi-rigid pavements and are comprised of flexible (bitumen-bound) upper layers laid on a HBM base. The reviewed types of road pavement constructions are most eligible to emphasize the possibilities of implementation of new standard requirements in the Ukrainian road building industry.
As it was concluded, the European standards state classification of HBM by compressive strength RC and classification by tensile strength in combination with elastic modulus Rt, E. These methods of classification are equivalent with no correlation intended between them and have been successfully used during design and construction of road pavement constructions comprised of bitumen-bound layers laid on a HBM base. When designing the motor roads with the above mentioned pavement construction to be loaded with high traffic, HBM of strength classes RС from С8/10 to С9/12 shall be contributed where classes of strength are determined by the type of a hydraulic binder and can be accorded to the categories by ”Rt, E” values not less than T3 (from T3 to T5).
Keywords: hydraulically bound mixtures, classification by values of mechanical properties, compressive strength, base layers from hydraulically bound mixtures.
Exploring how paramedics are deployed in general practice and the perceived benefits and drawbacks: a mixed-methods scoping study
Authors: Schofield Behnaz , Voss Sarah , Proctor Alyesha , Benger Jonathan , Coates David , Kirby Kim , Purdy Sarah , Booker Matthew
Published: May 2020

Background

General practice in the UK faces continuing challenges to balance a workforce shortage against rising demand. The NHS EnglandGPForward Viewproposes development of the multidisciplinary, integrated primary care workforce to support frontline service delivery, including the employment of paramedics. However, very little is known about the safety, clinical effectiveness, or cost-effectiveness of paramedics working in general practice. Research is needed to understand the potential benefits and drawbacks of this model of workforce organisation.

Aim

To understand how paramedics are deployed in general practice, and to investigate the theories and drivers that underpin this service development.

Design & setting

A mixed-methods study using a literature review, national survey, and qualitative interviews.

Method

A three-phase study was undertaken that consisted of: a literature review and survey; meetings with key informants (KIs); and direct enquiry with relevant staff stakeholders (SHs).

Results

There is very little evidence on the safety and cost-effectiveness of paramedics working in general practice and significant variation in the ways that paramedics are deployed, particularly in terms of the patients seen and conditions treated. Nonetheless, there is a largely positive view of this development and a perceived reduction in GP workload. However, some concerns centre on the time needed from GPs to train and supervise paramedic staff.

Conclusion

The contribution of paramedics in general practice has not been fully evaluated. There is a need for research that takes account of the substantial variation between service models to fully understand the benefits and consequences for patients, the workforce, and the NHS.
Fish Production Technology of Small Scale Fish Farmers at Chaugachha Upazila under Jashore District of Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Md. Rasal , Sharif B.M. Newaz
Published: May 2020

The study was conducted on the fish farmer, which was situated at Chaugachha Upazila, Jashore, from October 2015 to April 2016. Data were collected using participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools and personal observation. About 62% of the farmers have ponds of single, and 38% have multiple ownership. The homestead and commercial ponds were 79% and 21%, respectively. About 100% farmer carried out poly-culture fish farming though they did not know poly-culture just culture of various fishes. About 98% of the farmers control aquatic weeds manually. For controlling undesirable species, most of them (95.74%) used the netting method. Liming used 185. 3-247 kg/ha and organic fertilizer, mainly cow dung used 741-1235 kg/ha. Average stocking density was found to be 12326 fry/ha. 91.5% of the farmers applied supplementary feed, such as both rice-bran and mustard oil-cake. The peak harvesting period was found from December to January. In this season, around 65% of the stocked fishes were reported to harvest, and the rest of the fish (35%) was harvested during another season.
Співвідповідальність і (супер)різноманітність: філософські виміри сучасних дискусій про інтеграцію
Authors: Balinchenko Svitlana
Published: May 2020

Актуальність теми реструктуризації спільнот під тиском міграційних процесів, зокрема у сучасній Європі, зумовлює виникнення в академічних колах дискусій щодо трансформації ідентичностей під впливом міграції, а також переосмислення інтеграції. Сприйняття інтеграції змінилось: від ідеї адаптації Іншого до простору Свого – до різноманітності і суперрізноманітності, відмови від національної моделі інтеграції, та визнання інтеграції відношення як комунікативного пошуку об’єднавчих соціальних та культурних маркерів, без інструментальної уніфікації громадян. У статті представлено питання та висновки диспуту «Кому потрібна інтеграція?», а також осмислення інтеграції в контексті дискурсивного Д-принципу та статичної/динамічної ідентичностей. Розглянуто практичні дискурси в Україні стосовно інтеграції/реінтеграції, зумовлені ситуацією масового тривалого внутрішнього переміщення внаслідок агресії з боку Російської Федерації. На основі статистичних даних досліджень громадської думки в Україні (2017–2019) визначено нагальні міграційні виклики та особливості постконфліктного регулювання реструктурованих війною спільнот.
Соціальність та її вплив на формування моделей медичної етики
Authors: Lukashenko Maryna
Published: May 2020

У статті обґрунтовується логіка формування моделей медичної етики в контексті змін поглядів на природу людини та парадигм соціальності. Показано, що хвороби і лікування здавна виконували соціальні функції. З Осьового часу можна виокремити моделі медичної етики. У давньогрецькій медицині постає модель Гіппократа з принципом «не нашкодь», у якому відображається тогочасне природне бачення соціопорядку. Патерналістична модель Парацельса формується навколо принципу «роби добро» в ієрархічно структурованому суспільстві, порядок персоналізованих зв’язків у якому був укорінений у трансцендентному. В обох традиційних моделях лікар як інструмент у руках Бога мав допомагати відновлювати встановлену Творцем гармонію. Індустріальне суспільство, як створене людьми, підносить деонтологічну модель «виконання обов’язку» людиною-творцем. Біоетичний принцип «поваги прав і гідності людини» переважає у мережевому інформаційному суспільстві, виходячи за межі медицини і поширюючись на всі сфери життя. У сучасній медицині сьогодні співіснують в індивідуальній лікарській практиці всі означені моделі медичної етики.
Становлення методологічного підходу до соціальної ідентичності у феноменологічній соціології
Authors: Shevchenko Zoya
Published: May 2020

Статтю присвячено аналізу становлення феноменологічної соціології як синтезу класичної феноменології та елементів методології символічного інтеракціонізму – на прикладі розгляду проблеми пошуку адекватного методологічного підходу до дослідження соціальної ідентичності. Зроблено припущення, що соціальна ідентичність, відповідно до логіки феноменологічної соціології Альфреда Шюца, закріплюється при переході від одних «Ми-зв’язків» до інших «Ми-зв’язків» зі збереженням наступності життєсвіту. Цю ситуацію Пітер Бергер і Томас Лукман назвуть переходом до інституалізації у процесі кристалізації соціальних зв’язків, як основним шляхом вторинної соціалізації. Логіка становлення методології феноменологічної соціології у дослідженні соціальної ідентичності підводить до необхідності аналізу цієї ідентичності засобами інституційного аналізу.
Усовершенствованная конструкция оголовка самоизливающейся скважины
Authors: Opryshko B. , Shvetsov V. , Belavina O.
Published: May 2020

Предложена усовершенствованная конструкция оголовка самоизливающейся водозаборной скважины. Оголовок относится к области технических средств, используемых для проведения автоматизированного мониторинга месторождений подземных питьевых вод с помощью погружных автономных датчиков-регистраторов. Оголовок используется на скважинах, расположенных на неохраняемых территориях. Показано, что установка данного оголовка на самоизливающихся скважинах позволяет автоматизировать мониторинг подземных питьевых вод на неохраняемых территориях при различных климатических условиях. При этом повышается точность результатов мониторинга, снижаются затраты на его проведение. Усовершенствованная конструкция оголовка имеет повышенную прочность.

An improved design of the head of a blowing water well is proposed. The head falls within the domain of technological tools used for automated monitoring of underground drinking water deposits with the help of submerged stand-off recording sensors. The head is used in wells located in unguarded areas. It is demonstrated that the heads installed on blowing wells provide for automated monitoring of underground drinking water in unguarded areas under various climatic conditions. Herewith, the results of the monitoring improve, whereas the monitoring costs decrease. The improved design of the head is characterized by high-strength.
Очистка бытовых сточных вод обратным осмосом
Authors: Pervov A. , Tikhonov K.
Published: May 2020

Исследована возможность обработки бытовых сточных вод методом обратного осмоса с целью получения высококачественной воды, пригодной для сброса в водоем рыбохозяйственного назначения или для технических нужд. Представлено обоснование возможности утилизации концентрата установки обратного осмоса путем радикального сокращения его расхода до величины, не превышающей 0,51 расхода поступающей на очистку воды, и выведения концентрата с установки вместе с обезвоженным осадком в виде его влажности. Проведены эксперименты, позволяющие определить изменение концентрации растворенных загрязнений в фильтрате мембранных аппаратов и снижение производительности мембран в процессе обработки сточных вод и сокращения расхода концентрата. Получены основные зависимости, позволяющие определить: требуемый расход концентрата установки в зависимости от концентрации взвешенных веществ и ХПК требуемые значения выхода фильтрата в зависимости от концентраций аммония в исходной воде. Описана методика определения площади поверхности мембран и количества мембранных аппаратов на каждой ступени обработки сточной воды. Определены оптимальные значения рабочего давления, экономические показатели установки в сравнении с другими технологиями очистки сточных вод.

Possible treatment of domestic wastewater by the reverse osmosis with the purpose of producing high-quality effluent suitable for the discharge into fishery water bodies or for the use as process water has been investigated. Possible recycling of reject water from a reverse osmosis unit by drastically reducing the flow rate to the value less than 0.51 of the incoming flow and removing the reject water as a moisture component of the dewatered sludge is presented. Experiments have been carried out to determine the change in the concentration of dissolved solids in the filtrate of the membrane apparatus and a decrease in the membrane capacity in the process of wastewater treatment and reject water flow reduction. The obtained dependencies allow to determine the following: the required flow rate of the reject water depending on the concentration of suspended solids and COD the required filtrate yield depending on the concentration of ammonium in raw wastewater. The methodology for determining the surface area of membranes and the number of membrane apparatus at each stage of wastewater treatment is described. The optimal values of working pressure, economic indicators of the unit in comparison with other wastewater treatment technologies were determined.
Новый метод дистанционного обнаружения утечек воды из трубопроводов
Authors: Guseinli E.I.o. , Alieva A.D.g.
Published: May 2020

Рассмотрена возможность разработки нового метода дистанционного обнаружения утечек воды из трубопроводов. Для выработки рекомендаций по оптимальной реализации высотного (самолетного или спутникового) зондирования с целью обнаружения утечек воды из трубопроводов проанализированы основные физические процессы, влияющие на результаты обнаружения утечек воды методом дистанционного зондирования. Показана необходимость учета следующих физических воздействий: зависимость отражательного спектра почвы от ее влажности зависимость оптической плотности атмосферного аэрозоля (AOD) от относительной влажности (RH) инверсная взаимосвязь между температурой и влажностью воздуха зависимость отраженного сигнала почвы от температуры из-за сушки почвы. Предложен новый метод обнаружения утечек из трубопровода, предусматривающий повторную проходку трассы водопровода и сравнение полученных спектрометрических результатов с учетом влияния температуры воздуха на влажность почвы и степень увлажненности атмосферного аэрозоля.

The possibility of developing a new method for remote detection of water leaks in pipelines is considered. To develop the recommendations on the optimal implementation of altitude (aircraft or satellite) sounding in order to detect water leaks in pipelines, the main physical processes that affect the results of detecting water leaks by remote sensing are analyzed. The need for taking into account the following physical effects is shown: the dependence of the reflective spectrum of the soil on its moisture content the dependence of the optical density of atmospheric aerosol (AOD) on the relative humidity (RH) inverse relationship between the air temperature and humidity temperature dependence of the reflected signal of the soil due to soil drying. A new method for detecting leaks in pipelines is proposed that involves re-driving the water pipeline route and comparing the obtained spectrometric results taking into account the influence of the air temperature on the soil moisture and the degree of the atmospheric aerosol humidity.
Водопроводные осадки: состав, свойства, утилизация при очистке сточных вод(обзор)
Authors: Kofman V.
Published: May 2020

Современные схемы водоподготовки неизбежно связаны с образованием водопроводных осадков, объем которых становится самостоятельной проблемой, а ее масштаб сопоставим с масштабом собственно производства питьевой воды. В этой связи утилизация водопроводных осадков рассматривается на сегодняшней день в качестве приоритетного направления разработок в данной области. По результатам практически тридцатилетних исследований обозначились основные области потенциального применения водопроводных осадков, одной из которых является очистка воды и сточных вод. Результаты многочисленных исследований свидетельствуют о перспективности использования водопроводных осадков в качестве адсорбентов фосфатов, мышьяка, а также тяжелых металлов: Cu, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, Hg, Zn, Ni, V, Mo, Ga и Se. В условиях пилотных и опытно-промышленных испытаний проведены исследования по извлечению из водопроводных осадков коагулянтов и непосредственному использованию водопроводных осадков в качестве коагулянтов, а также их применению для улучшения показателей обезвоживания избыточного активного ила сточных вод. Получены хорошие результаты использования водопроводных осадков в составе основания биоинженерных сооружений, а также в качестве катализаторов активации персульфата и пероксомоносульфата в процессах деструкции органических микрозагрязнений в водной среде.

Advanced water treatment schemes are inevitably associated with water sludge generation, the volume of which becomes a separate problem that is comparable to the scale of the actual production of drinking water. In this regard, utilization of water sludge is considered today as a priority task in the research and development in this area. Based on the results of almost thirty years of studies, the main areas of potential use of water sludge have been identified one of them being water and wastewater treatment. The results of numerous studies evidence the perspectiveness of using water sludge as an adsorbent of phosphates, arsenic, and also heavy metals: Cu, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, Hg, Zn, Ni, V, Mo, Ga, and Se. Under the conditions of pilot tests, studies were conducted on the extraction of coagulants from water sludge, and on the direct use of water sludge as a coagulant, as well as on its use for enhancing excess activated sludge dewatering. Using water sludge in the foundation of bioengineering facilities, as well as a catalyst for the activation of persulfate and peroxomonosulfate in the destruction of organic micropollutants in the aquatic environment also made good results.
Prediction of interface and vacancy segregation energies at silver interfaces without determining interface structures
Authors: Otani Ryuken , Kiyohara Shin , Shibata Kiyou , Mizoguchi Teruyasu
Published: May 2020

Interfaces play a crucial role in determining the functional and mechanical properties of materials. However, predicting interface properties is not straightforward because the atomic arrangements at the interface are different from those in the bulk. Hence, in this study, we discovered a descriptor from the bulk that helps predict the interface properties without the need to determine the interface structure. The descriptors related to the angle of elevation effectively described the structure units on both the bulk surface and optimized interface. Our model successfully predicted the interface and vacancy segregation energies at silver interfaces without using the interface structure.
Képlékenyalakítási szakcsoport múltja, jelene, jövője az oktatás-kutatás területén
Authors: Lukács Zsolt
Published: May 2020

A cikkben áttekintést kívánok nyújtani az Anyagszerkezettani és Anyagtechnológiai Intézet Képlékenyalakítási szakcsoportja lassan ötven éves történetének meghatározó szakaszairól, bemutatva, hogy a rendszerváltozás miatti iparkörnyezeti változás és az azt követő oktatási feladatok megváltozása milyen kihívások elé állította szakcsoportunkat. Befejezésül kitérek arra is, hogy jelenleg milyen irányban tevékenykedünk és milyen jövőbeli kilátásaink vannak a folyamatosan változó oktatási, kutatási és innovációs versenyben.
Higanykorrózió jelenléte a vegyiparban
Authors: Németh Benjámin , Spisák Bernadett , Szepesi L. Gábor
Published: May 2020

A vegyipar hazánkban és világszerte egyaránt a kiemelt fontosságú iparágak közé tartozik. Éppen ezért fontos, hogy mindig naprakészen, a legfrissebb információk alapján hozzunk döntéseket a berendezések tervezése, üzemeltetése és karbantartása során. Elengedhetetlen, hogy tisztában legyünk a lehetséges kockázatokkal és meghibásodási mechanizmusokkal. A higany által jelentett kockázatot mindenképp figyelembe kell venni, különösen a vegyiparban, ahol akár egy apró tömörtelenség is katasztrófához vezethet. A cikkben ismertetjük a higany jelentette veszélyeket a vegyiparban, illetve kísérletekkel szemléltetjük, hogy a higany milyen formában és mértékben tudja károsítani az egyes veszélynek kitett berendezések alapanyagait. Végezetül egy hőtani számítás kerül bemutatásra, amely segítségével egy közelítő érték adható meg arra, hogy egy alacsony hőmérsékleten működő hőcserélő leállítását követően a jelen lévő higany mennyi idő elteltével fog problémát jelenteni.
On the Generation of Medical Dialogues for COVID19
Authors: Yang Wenmian , Zeng Guangtao , Tan Bowen , Ju Zeqian , Chakravorty Subrato , He Xuehai , Chen Shu , Yang Xingyi , Wu Qingyang , Yu Zhou , Xing Eric , Xie Pengtao
Published: May 2020

Under the pandemic of COVID-19, people experiencing COVID19-related symptoms or exposed to risk factors have a pressing need to consult doctors. Due to hospital closure,

a lot of consulting services have been moved online. Because of the shortage of medical professionals, many people cannot receive online consultations timely. To address this problem, we aim to develop a medical dialogue system that can provide COVID19-related consultations. We collected two dialogue datasets - CovidDialog - (in English and Chinese respectively) containing conversations between doctors and patients about COVID-19. On these two datasets, we train several dialogue generation models based on Transformer, GPT, and BERT-GPT. Since the two COVID-19 dialogue datasets are small in size, which bear high risk of overftting, we leverage transfer learning to mitigate data deficiency. Specifically, we take the pretrained models of Transformer, GPT, and BERT-GPT on dialog datasets and other large-scale texts, then finetune them on our CovidDialog datasets. Experiments demonstrate that these approaches are promising in generating meaningful medical dialogues about COVID-19. But more advanced approaches are needed to build a fully useful dialogue system that can offer accurate COVID-related consultations. The data and code are available at https://github.com/UCSD-AI4H/COVID-Dialogue
Competing priorities: Student perceptions of helps and hindrances to language acquisition during study abroad
Authors: Pyper Marcie J. , Slagter Cynthia
Published: May 2020

Multiple studies have investigated the effect of language contact on language proficiency, testing the assumption that the study abroad context means greater contact with the target language (L2).  Other studies have examined the context of L2 interactions, considering host families, contact with community members, and interactions with non-native-speaking peers. While these studies are helpful, larger scales studies are needed to determine how students are interacting with native and non-native speakers during study abroad.  The current study examines student perceptions of helps and hindrances to L2 gain during semester-long study abroad of more than 100 students studying Spanish in Spain, Honduras, and Peru. Participants completed surveys patterned after the Language Contact Profile of Freed, Dewey, Segalowitz, and Halter (2004) and took the Versant Language Test before and after their study abroad experience. They also participated in a post-program interview which was subsequently transcribed, encoded and analyzed.  Results suggest that students experience competing priorities in decisions governing L1 vs L2 use and that student intentionality is key to successful language learning.
Long-Term Impacts of Short-Term Study Abroad: Teacher Perceptions of Preservice Study Abroad Experiences
Authors: Shiveley James , Misco Thomas
Published: May 2020

Given the calls for a stronger global focus among pre-service teachers and the value of study abroad experiences to assist in this process, many teacher preparation programs have worked to include study abroad experiences into their programs. Including study abroad experiences lasting a semester or more has proven to be a challenge for many such programs however, given the highly structured and locally contextual nature of teacher education. The result is that most study abroad experiences available for preservice teachers are short-term, lasting only a few weeks. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a short-term study abroad course, taken during preservice teachers’ undergraduate program, had any lasting professional or personal impact once they become teachers.
IMPORTÂNCIA DO EXAME RADIOGRÁFICO NO DIAGNÓSTICO DE MEGAESÔFAGO EM CÃES
Authors: Anjos Álison Maciel dos , Ribeiro João Paulo Gonçalves , Aires Danielle Muniz Pessoa
Published: May 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: O megaesôfago é uma patologia comum em cães. Acontece pela ausência ou a diminuição demasiada dos plexos da parede do esôfago, ocasionando a expansão órgão, tornando-o frouxo e flácido e o peristaltismo incapaz de realizar movimentos normais. OBJETIVO: Discorrer sobre a importância do exame radiográfico para diagnosticar o megaesôfago, descrever a anatomia do órgão e ainda, conceituar a referida patologia. METODOLOGIA: O estudo foi realizado através de revisão de literatura do tipo narrativa, a partir de livros das bibliotecas física e virtual da Faculdade Evangélica de Ceres e artigos científicos de base de dados virtuais como, Google Acadêmico e Scielo. DISCUSSÃO: O megaesôfago pode ser classificado em congênito, idiopático adquirido, por problemas no arco aórtico direito e secundário. Além do exame clínico, para confirmar o diagnóstico em ocorrência de megaesôfago os exames radiográficos simples e contrastados são primordiais. Neste sentido, o raio-X vem sendo utilizado por ser o mais acessível para as clínicas e proprietários de cães. CONCLUSÃO: O exame radiográfico simples e em especial o contrastado é de grande valia para diagnosticar o megaesôfago em cães com precisão; auxilia tanto no diagnóstico quanto no tratamento da patologia, proporcionando melhor qualidade de vida ao animal.