bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concept for an electrostatic focusing device for continuous ambient pressure aerosol concentration
Authors: Woo Joseph L. , Sareen Neha , Schwier Allison N. , McNeill V. Faye
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We present a concept for enhancing the concentration of
charged submicron aerosol particles in a continuous-flow stream using in situ
electrostatic focusing. It is proposed that electrostatic focusing can
enable the continuous, isothermal concentration of aerosol particles at
ambient pressure, without altering their chemical composition. We model this
approach theoretically and demonstrate proof of concept via laboratory
measurements using a prototype. The prototype design consists of a
nozzle-probe flow system analogous to a virtual impactor. The device was
tested in the laboratory using submicron, monodisperse stearic acid
particles. Particles were charged using a unipolar charger then
concentrated using a cylindrical electrostatic immersion lens to direct the
charged submicron particles into the sample probe. Under applied lens
voltages ranging from 0 V to 30 kV, aerosol concentration increased up to
15 %. Observed particle enrichment varied as a function of voltage and
particle diameter. These results suggest that an imposed electric field can
be used to increase aerosol concentration in a continuous flow. This
approach shows promise in increasing the effective enriched size range of
virtual impactors or other continuous-flow methods of collection.
Foot and Mouth Disease atmospheric dispersion system
Authors: Lambkin Keith , Hamilton James , McGrath Guy , Dando Paul , Draxler Roland
Published: June 2019

Abstract. A decision support system to aid in the risk evaluation of airborne animal
diseases was developed for Ireland. The system's primary objective is to
assist in risk evaluation of the airborne spread of Foot and Mouth Disease
(FMD). The operational system was developed by Met Éireann – the Irish
Meteorological Service and CVERA (Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and
Risk Analysis), in co-operation with NOAA-ARL (National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration – Air Resources Laboratory) and ECMWF (European
Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). The infrastructure largely
relies on the HYSPLIT dispersion model driven by both ECMWF meteorological
forecasts for longer range simulations, and HARMONIE-AROME meteorological
forecasts, a high resolution local area meteorological model, ideal for
shorter range national emissions. Following on from previous work by the
Bureau of Meteorology, Australia as well as the Australian Department of
Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, further modifications were made to the
HYSPLIT source code to improve the model's characterisation of the Foot and
Mouth Disease virus. FMD is a highly infectious disease among cloven hoofed
animals that can transmit via airborne means. Biological characteristics
related to temperature, humidity, lifespan as well as atmospheric washout
were all incorporated either through new or existing functionality of the
dispersion model. Combining the model dispersion capabilities of HYSPLIT
with a virus emission model and GIS mapping software with farmland zoning,
the disease dispersion system becomes a powerful analysis and decision
support tool. This airborne animal disease atmospheric dispersion system
helps improve emergency preparedness, as well as aid confinement and
eradication strategies for relevant Irish authorities, during a disease
outbreak.
Neolithic settlement dynamics derived from archaeological data and colluvial deposits between the Baar region and the adjacent low mountain ranges, southwest Germany
Authors: Miera Jan Johannes , Henkner Jessica , Schmidt Karsten , Fuchs Markus , Scholten Thomas , Kühn Peter , Knopf Thomas
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The present study combines archaeological data with archaeopedological data from colluvial deposits to infer Neolithic settlement dynamics between the Baar region, the Black Forest and the Swabian Jura. A review of the state of archaeological research and an analysis of the processes leading to the discovery of the Neolithic sites and thereby the formation of the current archaeological site distribution in these landscapes is presented. The intensity of land use in the study area is compared with other landscapes in southern Germany using site frequencies. Phases of colluvial deposition are dated using AMS 14C ages of charcoals and luminescence ages of sediments and interpreted as local proxies for a human presence. Archaeological source criticism indicates that the distribution of the Neolithic sites is probably distorted by factors such as superimposition due to erosion and weathering effects limiting the preservation conditions for Neolithic pottery. A reconstruction of Neolithic settlement dynamics is achieved by complementing the archaeological data with phases of colluviation. Evidence for a continuous land use in the Baar region throughout the Neolithic is provided and sporadic phases of land use on the Swabian Jura and in the Black Forest are identified. In the late and final Neolithic, an intensification of colluvial formation can be noticed in the low mountain ranges.
Incorporation of inline warm-rain diagnostics into the COSP2 satellite simulator for process-oriented model evaluation
Authors: Michibata Takuro , Suzuki Kentaroh , Ogura Tomoo , Jing Xianwen
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project Observational Simulator Package (COSP) has been widely used to diagnose model performance and physical processes via an apple-to-apple comparison to satellite measurements. Although the COSP provides useful information about clouds and their climatic impact, outputs that have a subcolumn dimension require large amounts of data. This can cause a bottleneck when conducting sets of sensitivity experiments or multiple model intercomparisons. Here, we incorporate two diagnostics for warm-rain microphysical processes into COSP2, the latest version of the simulator. The approach used here employs existing diagnostic methodologies that probe how the warm-rain processes occur using statistics constructed from simulators of multiple satellite instruments along with their subcolumn information. The new diagnostics are designed to produce statistics online during the COSP execution, eliminating the need to output subcolumn variables. Users can also readily conduct regional analysis tailored to their particular research interest (e.g., land–ocean differences), using an auxiliary post-process package after the COSP calculation. This inline tool also generates global maps of the occurrence frequency of warm-rain regimes (i.e., non-precipitating, drizzling, and precipitating) classified according to CloudSat radar reflectivity, putting the warm-rain process diagnostics into the context of geographical distributions of precipitation. The inline diagnostics are applied to the MIROC6 GCM to demonstrate how known biases common among multiple GCMs relative to satellite observations are revealed. The inline multisensor diagnostics are intended to serve as a tool that facilitates process-oriented model evaluations in a manner that reduces the burden on modelers for their diagnostics effort.
Characterization, calibration and validation of an industrial emissometer
Authors: Kononogova Elena , Adibekyan Albert , Monte Christian , Hollandt Jörg
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We report on the radiometric characterization and calibration of the TIR 100-2 (INGLAS Produktions GmbH, 2019) industrial emissometer. This instrument is used for handheld, on-site
directional total emissivity measurements in industrial applications, e.g.,
the measurement of the emissivity of highly reflective thermal insulation
materials. The diameter of the measurement field is determined by two
different methods. The emissometer is calibrated with three different sets
of low- and high-emissivity reference samples. Each calibration is validated
by comparing the results of the TIR 100-2 to directional total emissivity
results of the Emissivity Measurement in Air Facility (EMAF) at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin. Finally, the hemispherical total emissivity of highly reflective thermal
insulation materials is determined using the TIR 100-2 according to the
European Standard EN 12898, and, again, the results are validated with
results obtained at the EMAF.
The Critical Mass Question, Women Directors and Performance of Banks in Sub Saharan Africa
Authors: Nwaubani Anthony Nzeribe , Orikara Patience Chioma
Published: June 2019

This study mainly evaluated the effect of Board composition on the performance of deposit money banks (DMBs) in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) with special focus on the critical mass question. Specific objectives are determination of the effect of women directors and board composed of more non-executive directors on return on assets (ROA) and net interest margin (NIM) of the banks. Secondary data on six SSA countries and twelve banks collected for the period 2004 to 2016 were used. Panel data regression approach was employed with model selection subjected to Hausman tests. The study revealed among others that board with more nonexecutive directors has significant positive effect on ROA and NIM with significant positive relationship with ROA and NIM. Women directors have very negligible effect on performance of the DMBs while correlating negatively and insignificantly with ROA and NIM. It is therefore, concluded that though, nonexecutive directors have strong positive significant effect on performance of deposit money banks in Sub Saharan Africa and women directors indicate very negligible effect, the conflicts over the effect of the two variables are not yet fully resolved. It is recommended that DMBs should make room for at least three female directors in their boards while adoption and enforcement of gender quota by countries should be considered.
Spectacle Terror Lynching, Public Sovereignty, and Antiblack Genocide
Authors: Frankowski Alfred
Published: June 2019

The history of spectacle terror lynching remains one of the darkest and least explored political events in American history. In this article, I explore the aesthetic relation of this history to the formation of notions of public action and political assembly. I argue that the history of spectacle terror lynching establishes both a past and present form of public sovereignty. As such, I attempt to examine questions of what public action means with regard to a political context of antiblack violence. I conclude that lynching festivals constitute not only a form of politics but a form of public sovereignty that is still in play in our notion of the public. At heart this notion informs not only antiblack forms of racism but antiblack forms of genocide.
Two Problems Posed by the Suffering of Animals
Authors: Yao Vida
Published: June 2019

What is the ethical significance of the suffering of nonhuman animals? For many, the answer is simple. Such suffering has clear moral significance: nonhuman animal suffering is suffering, suffering is something bad, and the fact that it is bad gives us reason to alleviate or prevent it. The practical problem that remains is how to do this most efficiently or effectively. I argue that this does not exhaust the ethical significance of certain evils, once we consider how the existence of those evils may detract from the meaning of human life, even on fully “naturalistic” conceptions of meaning in life. I will draw a distinction between what I will call “spiritual” problems and “moral” problems and consider why moral philosophers may be well suited to addressing both problems, as long as the domain of the ethical is not taken to be exhausted by the domain of the moral. Finally, I will elaborate on why marking a distinction between these problems—the moral and the spiritual—may help illuminate some disagreements between Utilitarians and their opponents about the ethical significance of the suffering of nonhuman animals.
Forraje verde hidropónico: una alternativa de producción ante el cambio climático
Authors: Mejía-Castillo Harin Joel , Orellana Núñez Franckling Samir
Published: June 2019

Se evaluó el rendimiento productivo del forraje verde hidropónico de maíz para la implementación en sistemas de producción ganadera.  Se evaluaron nueve tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones, utilizando un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo bifactorial. Se midieron las variables: altura de la planta, rendimiento de forraje verde hidropónico, materia seca y proteína bruta (%). Donde se obtuvieron los mayores rendimientos en términos de materia seca con 2.30 y 2.16 kg/m2 en la variedad Guayape con 4 y 0 g de 12-24-12 NPK. En proteína bruta con 15.94 y 15.14% en la variedad Roundup Ready NK603 con 4 y 6 g, demostrando que estas variedades con los niveles de fertilización implementados se pueden utilizar en la producción de forraje hidropónico ya que contienen alto contenido de proteína cruda con un rango >14.5 % y con una relación costo beneficio superior a 1.21 U$D.
Caracterización del madreado utilizado en la carbono-neutralidad
Authors: Mejía-Castillo Harin Joel
Published: June 2019

Se determinó las características agronómicas de producción del madreado, utilizado en las fincas ganaderas como cercas vivas, arboles dispersos e implementado en la alimentación bovina. En donde se determinó la descripción de la planta, utilización, composición nutricional, manejo agronómico y rendimiento del cultivo. Se utilizó una revisión de bibliografía de especialistas en el área bajo estudio. Encontrando que esta especie es un arbusto forraje es nativo de las zonas bajas de México y América Central, contiene de 32% de proteína bruta al realizar el corte cada 45 días, es utilizada como alimento para rumiantes y monogastricos en un 40% de la ración. La utilización del madreado en fincas ganaderas puede tener varios fines; para alimentación, cercas vivas y captura carbono que se producen en los mismos sistemas productivos, con ello, reduciendo la contaminación ambiental provocada por los gases del efecto invernadero.
Utilización del silicio como promotor de crecimiento del pasto King Grass texas-25 para la generación de bioenergía
Authors: Mejia-Castillo Harin Joel , López-Guifarro Francisco Eleazar
Published: June 2019

Se evaluó la aplicación de diferentes dosis de fertilización a base de silicio (Quick sol) en el cultivo de King Grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con 5 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas fueron: altura de planta, diámetro de planta, número de plantas por metro, biomasa, y materia seca, la aplicación de Quick sol fuente de silicio se realizó en cuatro niveles: T1: 0.75 L de Quick sol/ha, T2: 1.0 L de Quick sol/ha, T3: 1.25 L de Quick sol/ha, T4: 1.5 L de Quick sol/ha y T5: testigo. El T4 con dosis alta de silicio presentó mayor comportamiento en cuanto a las variables de altura de planta (2.71m), número de plantas por metro (28.89 p/m), y biomasa (76.70 ton/ha), el mayor porcentaje de humedad se registró en el tratamiento testigo (83.15%). La tendencia en todas las variables de respuesta se mantuvo en forma descendente a mayor aplicación de Silicio mayor producción de materia seca y mejor comportamiento de las variables dependientes.
Caracterización florística de las especies de aprovechamiento apícola en el complejo volcánico “Pilas el Hoyo”
Authors: Aguilar-Cabrera Ángel Benito , Aker-Narvaez Carlos , Pacheco-Flores Santiago Alberto
Published: June 2019

El estudio se llevó a cabo en el área protegida “Complejo Volcánico Cerro Negro – Pilas – El Hoyo”. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las especies melíferas de la zona. Mediante la presente investigación los apicultores tendrán mayor conocimiento sobre las especies melíferas y su disponibilidad durante el año. Se eligieron 7 apiarios activos distribuidos entre la comunidad de Miramar y la comarca de los Terreros, donde se realizaron 4 muestreos semanales por apiario usando transectos de 20m x 50 m, tomando como punto de partida los apiarios para identificar y contar el número de especies de aprovechamiento apícola. Los datos obtenidos fueron exportados a Excel. Se identificaron 89 especies pertenecientes a  39  familias, dividas en: 59 especies de árboles, 15 especies de arbustos y 15 especies de hierbas. Las familias con mayor abundancia en árboles fueron las Bignoniáceae, Myrtaceae, Fabácea, Ebenácea y Boraginácea; en arbustos son la Verbenácea, Boraginaceae, Fabaceae, Apocynaceae y Solanaceae; en hierbas son la Plantaginacea, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, Lamiaceae y  Convolvulacea. El uso de la tierra en los apiarios muestra un 53% de bosque silvestre, 12% de barbecho, 8% de maní, 12% entre maíz y sorgo, 9% entre eucalipto, frijol blanco y yuca, 4% entre potreros y caña, 2% entre pastizales  y ajonjolí. Existe una mayor floración entre los meses de Diciembre a Mayo. De Junio a Noviembre hay escasez de floración, este fenómeno se trata de compensar con especies de floración prolongada y cultivos.
Type and quantity of biochar influenced soil microbial activity and carbon priming effect
Authors: Carvalho Junior José Ilmar Tínel de , Gonzaga Maria Isidória Silva , Almeida André Quintão de , Araújo Jady , Santos Lúcia Catherinne Oliveira
Published: June 2019

Biochar has shown much potential to be used as soil amendment and conditioner as well as an effective alternative to waste disposal. However, the effect of biochar on soil organic matter varies according to the type of feedstock. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different types and rates of application of biochar on soil microbial activity and on soil carbon priming effect. The incubation experiment was set up as a completely randomized design in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with two types of biochar (coconut husk and orange bagasse) and five rates of application (0, 5, 10, 15 and 30 t ha-1), with three replications. Soil microbial activity was evaluated through the concentration of CO2 released from the soil during a period of 130 days. Carbon priming effect was determined based on the CO2 respired in the biochar treated soil and in the control soil. Both biochars increased the total oxidizable carbon in the soil when they were applied at 30 t ha-1, however, the orange bagasse biochar was more effective than the coconut biochar. Coconut biochar increased the cumulative soil microbial respiration at all rates of application during the incubation period, therefore, it contributed to a positive carbon priming effect and should be applied with caution to avoid excessive loss of carbon from the soil. Orange bagasse biochar had little influence on the cumulative CO2 emission, except at 15 t ha-1, which increased soil microbial activity.
Amh Polymorphisms and their association with traits indicative of sexual precocity in nelore heifers
Authors: Pierucci Julia Cestari , Tonhati Humberto , Albuquerque Lúcia Galvão de , Cardoso Diercles Francisco , Santos Daniel Jordan de Abreu dos , Freitas Ana Cláudia , Barbero Marina Mortati Dias , Camargo Gregório Miguel Ferreira de , Braz Camila Urbano , Gimenes Lindsay Unno
Published: June 2019

Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a protein expressed in the gonads and related to ovarian follicular development. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of polymorphisms in the AMH gene in a Nelore herd to analyze the genetic constitution of this population and to perform association studies with early pregnancy occurrence (EPO) and age at first calving (AFC). Phenotypic data consisted of verification of early pregnancy and age at first calving of 197 unrelated heifers exposed to the mating season and aged between 15 and 17 months (precocious group) and 24 months (non-precocious group). The "precocious" group consisted of 67 heifers with age at first calving of 26.5 ± 0.59 months, and the "non-precocious" group was composed of 130 heifers with age at first calving of 36.4 ± 0.99 months. All five exons of the AMH gene were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequenced. A total of three SNPs were identified in this study, all of them located in exon 5 (rs527023314, rs722016629, and rs134387246), the latter one positioned in the stop codon. All three SNPs identified in exon 5 characterized synonymous mutations. Only SNP rs134387246 exhibited a significant value (P ? 0.10) for EPO and AFC. The association study of SNP rs134387246 revealed an over-dominance effect (P = 0.056), and no additive effect was observed (P = 0.67). A reduction of 2.5 months (75 days) in the age at first calving of heterozygous heifers for the SNP rs134387246 was observed. For the first time, polymorphisms of the AMH gene were described in Nelore heifers and associated with sexual precocity traits.
Chemical composition and in situ degradability of silages from dual-purpose sorghum hybrids
Authors: Silva Alex Lopes da , Edvan Ricardo Loiola , Bezerra Leilson Rocha , Ratke Rafael Felippe , Rodrigues José Avelino Santos , Amorim Diego Sousa , Nascimento Romilda Rodrigues do , Araújo Marcos Jácome de
Published: June 2019

The objective was to determine chemical composition and in situ degradability for silages of dual-purpose sorghum hybrids. Twenty-five hybrids of double-purpose sorghum were investigated in a randomized block design with three replicates. Ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), pH, chemical composition of the silage and in situ degradability were determined. Silage of the hybrids 9929012, 947216, 947030, 947254, 947072, 947252, 12F042066, 1141570 and 1141562 presented greater dry matter content, ranging from 402.9 to 470.7 g kg-1. The greatest crude protein content was presented by silages from the hybrids 9929036, 9929030, 12F042224, FEPAGRO19, FEPAGRO11, 9929026, 947030, 947072, 947252, 12F042226 and BRS Ponta Negra. The silage of hybrid 1141562 exhibited the lowest neutral detergent fiber content (588 g kg-1). The highest values of dry matter and crude protein degradability were observed in the silages of the hybrids 9929030, 947252, 947072, 12F042066 and 12F042226. The use of ensilage of the 9929030 and 12F042226 hybrids is recommended because these silages present a better chemical composition of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber and better dry matter and crude protein degradability.
Animal performance, carcass traits and meat quality of F1 Angus-Nellore steers and heifers slaughtered in feedlot with a similar carcass finishing
Authors: Augusto Wescley Faccini , Bilego Ubirajara Oliveira , Missio Regis Luis , Guimarães Tiago Pereira , Miotto Fabrícia Rocha Chaves , Rezende Pedro Leonardo de Paula , Neiva José Neuman Miranda , Restle João
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the animal performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus-Nellore steers and heifers, feedlot finished with high degree of subcutaneous fat deposition. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments (steers and heifers) and 11 replicates (animals). Twenty-two bovines with initial age of 18 months of age, 11 steers and 11 heifers, with initial body weight of, respectively, 354.86±43,66 and 353.82±39,80 kg were used. The animals were finished in confinement (114 days) with a diet containing 200 g kg-1 of corn silage and 800 g kg-1 of concentrate composed mainly of corn grain and soybean meal. The dry matter intake (9.42 vs. 9.24 kg day-1), mean daily weight gain (1.44 vs. 1.38 kg day-1), feed conversion (6.49 vs. 7.05 kg of dry matter kg-1 of weight gain), hot carcass weight (284.62 vs. 268.16 kg) and the subcutaneous fat thickness (12.09 vs. 13.05 mm) were similar between steers and heifers (respectively). The hot carcass yield was higher (P < 0.05) for steers (58.14 vs. 55.53%). The steers presented a higher proportion of the forequarter (39.26 vs. 37.53%), while heifers had a higher proportion of pistol cut (49.87 vs. 48.85%). The meat of steers showed darker color (P < 0.05). The shear force of the meat and marbling score did not differ between sexual conditions, with mean values of 5.43 kgf cm-2 and 10.14 points (median), respectively. Except for the proportion of primary cuts, carcass yield and meat color, F1 Angus-Nellore heifers present similar animal performance, carcass and meat characteristics in relation to steers, feedlot finished with high degree of subcutaneous fat deposition.
Qualitative monitoring of corn silage stored in commercial bunker silos and used as feed for dairy cattle in the western region of Santa Catarina State, Brazil
Authors: Giombelli Laura Caroline Di Domenico , Roscamp Eduardo , Gomes Fábio José , Zotti Claiton André , Schogor Ana Luiza Bachmann
Published: June 2019

Corn ensiling is a feed preservation practice used for ruminant production. During the process of making and opening the silos, the quality of the silage may change due to the entrance of air, which can cause damage and decrease the voluntary intake of the animals. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition of corn silages during their use in commercial bunker silos, as well as to correlate this with qualitative and quantitative characteristics related to the silage making process. Technical data on silage making and samples were collected from 14 bunker silos, with five samples collected along each silo (at 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% of their lengths); additionally, two sampling methodologies were compared (“W” vs. layer collections in silo panels: top, middle and bottom). The values for the pH and titratable acidity (TA) were significant (p < 0.05) in relation to the sampling method, where the pH of the top was higher (3.8±0.5) than that of the middle and the bottom layers (3.6±0.3 and 3.5±0.3); therefore, the TA was lower in the top of the silos. The dry matter, ashes, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, pH, TA, as well as the silo sampling method during the unloading of commercial bunker silos did not differ for any of the variables (p < 0.05). Also, the particle size did not differ during the unloading of the commercial bunker silos (p > 0.05). According to the collected technical data, 78.57% of the bunker silos were built directly on the ground, the harvesting equipment was mostly borrowed from municipalities or farmers’ associations (for 35.7 and 28.5% of the farms, respectively), and in only 64.2% of the farms, the harvester was sharpened before silage cutting. Good practices were applied during the corn silage process and throughout the use of the silos, homogeneous quality was detected in the western region of Santa Catarina. Either “W” or layer collections can be used to sample corn silage.
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy Program for Trauma-Specific Beliefs Among Undergraduate Students: Testing the Effect of A Group Therapy
Authors: Eseadi Chiedu , Oyeoku Eke Kalu , Onuigbo Liziana N. , Otu Mkpoikanke S. , Nwefuru Bartholomew Chinweuba , Edeh Nkechinyere Charity
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The identification of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder and its treatment is critically important in contemporary society. This preliminary research aimed to investigate the effect that rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) had on trauma-specific beliefs.

METHOD: This study used a randomized controlled trial design. The study participants were 182 undergraduate students. A self-report questionnaire which measures trauma-specific irrational beliefs was used for data collection. A trauma-focused REBT manual guided the group intervention. Within x Between-subjects and paired t-test statistic were used for data analysis.

RESULTS: The results show that REBT brought about a significant reduction in trauma-specific irrational beliefs among the students in the treatment group compared to their counterparts in the waitlist control group. Finally, the results indicate that the positive gains were significantly maintained by the treatment group at four months follow-up.

CONCLUSION: The current study suggests that an REBT program can be helpful in altering trauma-specific irrational beliefs. The authors employed this model of psychological intervention in an African society in which trauma is significant. The authors demonstrated a model for evaluation and a model of intervention that appears to be of a significant and enduring impact as reported in this study.
Medical Intervention for Disease Stages Using Game Theory, Markov Chains, and Bayesian Inference
Authors: Merie Ahmed , Hlynka Myron
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we study the progression of disease in the body, using Markov chains. We analyze the problem using game theory, and we use the results to estimate initial probabilities for our transition matrices. We also use Bayesian methods to obtain transition probabilities. We present three examples to explain how this process works.
Determinants of Nutritious Drought Tolerant Maize Adoption and Mineral Fertilizer Application Under Smallholder Farm Conditions in Ghana
Authors: Yeboah Stephen , Amengor Natson Eyram , Oteng-Darko Patricia , Ribeiro Priscilla Francisco
Published: June 2019

The study sought to examine adoption of nutritious drought tolerant (DT) maize using social science research methods and participatory demonstration trials. The social science study used mixed method approach which combined both qualitative and quantitative methods. A split-plot demonstration trial of three improved maize varieties and a local variety, and two levels of Nitrogen fertilizer were established. The two fertilizer levels were low N [LN] (30 kg N ha-1) and high N [HN] (90 kg N ha-1). The results of the social science study showed 85% of men consider early maturity, grain quality and storability in adopting DT maize. Results also revealed that beside earliness and higher yield, taste and easy to harvest influenced women farmer’s choice for DT maize varieties. Climatic endurance, increased yield and grain quality showed a positive and statistically significant relationship with adoption of DT maize. On average, HN fertilization increased DT maize grain yields by 41% compared to the LN fertilization. The improved DT maize varieties had yield advantages ranging from 25 to 43% over the local variety. From this, DT maize appears to have a potential for its use with N-fertilizer in the fight against food insecurity with improved adoption and utilization in Ghana.
Disposal of Pesticide Wastes in Apple Orchards in the South of Brazil and Its Compliance With Current Legislation
Authors: Morello Larissa , Oliveira Simone Vassem de , Oliveira Kelly Scherer de , Silva Bruna Fernanda da , Siegloch Ana Emília , Agostinetto Lenita
Published: June 2019

This research aimed to verify how the disposal of pesticide wastes occurs in apple orchards (Malus domestica) in the south of Brazil and to verify its compliance with current legislation. This was a quantitative, descriptive and prospective field study. The research was carried out with 82 farmers from two rural areas belonging to the municipality of São Joaquim, the largest Brazilian apple producer, located in the Serrano Plateau of the State of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. The farmers were interviewed at home and questioned about the disposal of empty pesticide containers. The results of this research showed that most farmers carry out the proper management of the empty pesticide containers and return them to the collection stations or centers (85.5%), the other 8.5% dispose empty containers inappropriately, keeping them in the open air or burning them. It should be noted that 20.7% of farmers store these containers in the open air until they are delivered to the collection stations without any protection and exposed to people and animals. In addition, it was observed that individuals without any level of education tend to store empty containers inadequately. Thus, despite the fact that Brazil is a world reference in terms of the proper disposal of empty pesticide containers, there are still cases of non-compliance with the current legislation in relation to these procedures, and there is a need for technical guidance to workers, especially those with lower levels of education, as well as greater rigor of the legislation of supervision by the competent body.
Het particulier beroep tot nietigverklaring en het Montessori-arrest
Authors: Barents R.
Published: June 2019

Het particulier beroep tot nietigverklaring en het Montessori-arrest

Bij het Verdrag van Lissabon (2009) is in de vierde alinea van artikel 263 VWEU een derde zinsnede ingevoegd, op grond waarvan een particulier beroep kan instellen tegen ‘regelgevingshandelingen die geen uitvoeringsmaatregelen met zich meebrengen’. In het op 6 november 2018 gewezen arrest in de gevoegde zaken C-622/16 t/m C-624/16 P, Montessori e.a./Commissie e.a., ECLI:EU:C:2018:873 heeft het Hof van Justitie geoordeeld dat het begrip ‘regelgevingshandeling’ betrekking heeft op ‘alle niet-wetgevingshandelingen van algemene strekking’. Daaronder vallen ook besluiten van de Commissie over nationale steunregelingen. Met dit arrest is een bijna tien jaar durende zoektocht naar de strekking van dit begrip voorlopig afgesloten. In deze bijdrage worden de achtergronden en gevolgen van deze uitspraak nader toegelicht.

HvJ 6 november 2018, gevoegde zaken C-622/16 t/m C-624/16 P, Montessori e.a./Commissie e.a., ECLI:EU:C:2018:873.
Opodatkowanie żywności typu fast food podatkiem
od towarów i usług
Authors: Flis Maciej
Published: June 2019

W artykule omówiono kwestię stosowania rozbieżnych stawek podatku od towarów i usług na żywność typu fast
food. Zaprezentowany został problem wynikły z interpretacji podatkowych.
Proces powstawania
interpretacji ruchowych utworów muzycznych
Authors: Wojtyga Ewa
Published: June 2019

Proces powstawania interpretacji ruchowych utworów muzycznych jest aktem twórczym mającym bardzo indywidualny charakter. Czy istnieje zatem możliwość uogólnienia działań podejmowanych przed i w trakcie powstawania kompozycji ruchowej, czy można poddać je klasyfikacji i według jakich kryteriów? Czy sposób postępowania przy przekładaniu wrażeń słuchowych na wizualne jest zawsze taki sam? Od jakich czynników jest zależny? W niniejszym artykule zakreślono ramy, w których proces powstawania interpretacji ruchowych utworów muzycznych się zamyka, przedstawiono poszczególne jego etapy, dokonując niezbędnych uogólnień i uproszczeń. Rozważania nad tym procesem skupiają się wokół kryteriów wyboru utworu do realizacji ruchowej, inspiracji, sposobów realizacji z uwagi na zastosowane środki oraz metod pracy.
Na granicy tańca i kreacji ruchowej utworu muzycznego
Authors: Opolska­‍‑Targosz Bogusława
Published: June 2019

Na granicy tańca i kreacji ruchowej utworu muzycznego
Convulsions in the Rule of Law
Authors: Łętowska Ewa
Published: June 2019

This contribution discusses the reasons for the ongoing deconstruction of the judiciary in Poland by a parliamentary majority - elected by a minority - changing the entire system. How could that have happened in a nation governed by the rule of law that met all the requirements of the rule of law when joining the European Union? The article analyses the transformation processes in Poland, discussing the specific difficulties caused by more recent as well as the country’s distant history, with a broad analysis of the numerous fateful factors and events that are crucial for an in-depth understanding of the ongoing convulsions in the rule of law in Poland, which eventually caused a breakdown of the democratic order in Poland.
Anti-Constitutional Transformation in Poland: Dimensions, Sources, and Prospects
Authors: Sadurski Wojciech
Published: June 2019

The dramatic changes in Poland after the 2015 presidential and parliamentary elections took many by surprise, both because of the speed and the depth of the changes, paralysing the Constitutional Tribunal and transforming it into a “positive enabler” of the government. This article discusses the structural characteristics of this revolutionary transformation, focusing first on the structural characteristics of the change and the anti-constitutional dimensions of the transformation. It continues with some hypotheses about the causes of this worrying phenomenon and concludes with a concise discussion of the resources that liberal democracy still has in Poland, thus supporting some optimism about the future.
Innovationsbewertung im Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss: Tatsächlich zu langsam?
Authors: Bühler Dietrich , Gottberg Antje , Egger Bernhard
Published: June 2019

Im Koalitionsvertrag wird als Ziel formuliert, die Methodenbewertung im G-BA zu beschleunigen. Mit dem Kabinettsbeschluss zum Implantateregister-Errichtungsgesetz liegt ein Gesetzvorschlag vor, der mit dem Verweis auf die Beschleunigung begründet wird. Die Umsetzung dieser Vorschläge hätte zur Folge, dass eine systematische und den Regeln der Evidenzbasierung folgende Bewertung für nichtmedikamentöse Innovationen künftig kaum mehr möglich wäre. Der Beitrag stellt dar, wodurch die Dauer der Beratungsverfahren im G-BA bisher bedingt ist und welche Lösungswege für eine Beschleunigung zur Verfügung stehen.
Der Öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst am Limit – Sparen am ÖGD schadet dem gesamten Gesundheitssystem
Authors: Kuhnt Friederike
Published: June 2019

Der Öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst kann seine Aufgaben nicht mehr umfassend erfüllen. Der Artikel beleuchtet, dass davon eine Gefährdung für das gesamte Gesundheitssystem ausgehen kann und zeigt mögliche Lösungsansätze auf.
Evaluation des Naturwissenschaftsunterrichts in ›Internationalen Klassen‹
Authors: Schmiedebach Mario , Wegner Claas
Published: June 2019

Die Beschulung neuzugewanderter Schüler*innen ist im deutschen Bildungssystem insbesondere aufgrund der in den letzten Jahren angestiegenen Zahl von schutzsuchenden Kindern und Jugendlichen ein aktuelles Thema. Um sie in ihrem Deutscherwerb systematisch zu fördern, wird diese Lerngruppe oft in ›internationalen Klassen‹ beschult. Im Projekt ›Biology for Everyone‹ werden Schüler*innen aus diesen Klassen an momentan zwei Gymnasien in Ostwestfalen-Lippe in den Naturwissenschaften auf Deutsch unterrichtet. Der Artikel widmet sich der Evaluation des durchgeführten Naturwissenschaftsunterrichts sowie der Perspektive der Schüler*innen auf den Deutscherwerb. Hierfür wurden mit 13 Schüler*innen leitfadengestützte Interviews durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen unter anderem, dass der integrierte Fach- und Sprachunterricht von den Schüler*innen als mögliche Hilfe für den Übergang ins Regelschulsystem wahrgenommen wird.
A Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network Can Recognize Common Patterns of Injury in Gastric Pathology
Authors: Martin David R. , Hanson Joshua A. , Gullapalli Rama R. , Schultz Fred A. , Sethi Aisha , Clark Douglas P.
Published: June 2019

Context.—

Most deep learning (DL) studies have focused on neoplastic pathology, with the realm of inflammatory pathology remaining largely untouched.

Objective.—

To investigate the use of DL for nonneoplastic gastric biopsies.

Design.—

Gold standard diagnoses were blindly established by 2 gastrointestinal pathologists. For phase 1, 300 classic cases (100 normal, 100 Helicobacter pylori, 100 reactive gastropathy) that best displayed the desired pathology were scanned and annotated for DL analysis. A total of 70% of the cases for each group were selected for the training set, and 30% were included in the test set. The software assigned colored labels to the test biopsies, which corresponded to the area of the tissue assigned a diagnosis by the DL algorithm, termed area distribution (AD). For Phase 2, an additional 106 consecutive nonclassical gastric biopsies from our archives were tested in the same fashion.

Results.—

For Phase 1, receiver operating curves showed near perfect agreement with the gold standard diagnoses at an AD percentage cutoff of 50% for normal (area under the curve [AUC] = 99.7%) and H pylori (AUC = 100%), and 40% for reactive gastropathy (AUC = 99.9%). Sensitivity/specificity pairings were as follows: normal (96.7%, 86.7%), H pylori (100%, 98.3%), and reactive gastropathy (96.7%, 96.7%). For phase 2, receiver operating curves were slightly less discriminatory, with optimal AD cutoffs reduced to 40% across diagnostic groups. The AUCs were 91.9% for normal, 100% for H pylori, and 94.0% for reactive gastropathy. Sensitivity/specificity parings were as follows: normal (73.7%, 79.6%), H pylori (95.7%, 100%), reactive gastropathy (100%, 62.5%).

Conclusions.—

A convolutional neural network can serve as an effective screening tool/diagnostic aid for H pylori gastritis.
A regionalidade como determinante do IDE do Brasil: uma análise de dados em painel
Authors: Françoso Mariane Santos
Published: June 2019

Anteriormente, os fluxos de IDE tinham a sua origem fortemente atrelada às economias desenvolvidas. Relatórios recentes de organizações multilaterais tem mostrado que esse fenômeno tem sofrido modificações, com cada vez mais países em desenvolvimento também ocupando importantes posições como grandes realizadores de IDE. A partir dessa consideração, o presente trabalho busca mostrar quais são os determinantes do IDE originado no Brasil e qual o papel da regionalidade. Para tanto, será estimado um modelo de dados em painel, com variáveis macroeconômicas e institucionais. Os resultados apontam a não significância da regionalidade e a forte relevância das variáveis macroeconômicas.
Análise espacial da taxa de alfabetização e sua relação com os aspectos socioeconômicos nos municípios paranaenses
Authors: Luquini Renan Henrique , Castro Gustavo Henrique Leite de , Parré José Luiz
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar espacialmente a alfabetização nos municípios do estado do Paraná sob a óptica socioeconômica por meio de três variáveis: renda média, índice de Gini e grau de urbanização. Para isso, a base de dados utilizada foi malha georeferênciada do Paraná (shapefile) disponível no Instituto Paranaense de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social – IPARDES, e dados referentes ao Censo demográfico do ano de 2010 para os municípios paranaenses. Os resultados encontrados para a região evidenciam que os valores a partir do modelo econométrico espacial (Modelo de Erro Espacial) se mostraram superiores ao MQO e mostram que quanto menor é o Índice de Gini e maior a Renda Média e a Urbanização, maior é a taxa de alfabetização nos municípios paranaenses.  Observa-se a necessidade de políticas com o intuito de uma melhor distribuição de renda territorial e em uma melhora no transporte escolar ou mesmo o incentivo a escolas no campo.
(Sub)desenvolvimento e Dependência: uma abordagem teórico-histórica
Authors: Barbosa Flavia Felix
Published: June 2019

Na atual quadra histórica, intensas são as perturbações de ordem econômica, política e social no Brasil e em outros países na América Latina. Diante disso, esse artigo se propõe a resgatar as contribuições originais de dois grandes pensadores brasileiros, Celso Furtado e Rui Mauro Marini, para a compreensão do problema do subdesenvolvimento e do problema da dependência nos países latino-americanos. Far-se-á esse resgate em contraposição às teorias clássicas do desenvolvimento e dentro de uma perspectiva mais geral acerca do desenvolvimento capitalista, como um todo orgânico, dinâmico, hierárquico e contraditório. O estudo demonstra as diferenças teóricas, metodológicas e políticas dos autores, bem como a similaridade do diagnóstico no que se refere ao capitalismo dependente.
No island-effect on stress for a rodent from a near-shore archipelago
Authors: Stewart Nathan D , Mastromonaco Gabriela F , Burness Gary
Published: June 2019

Island rodents are often larger and live at higher population densities than their mainland counterparts, characteristics that have been referred to as “island syndrome”. Island syndrome has been well studied, but few studies have tested for island-mainland differences in stress physiology. We evaluated island syndrome within the context of stress physiology of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) captured from islands (n = 11) and mainland sites (n = 5) in Thousand Islands National Park, Ontario, Canada. Stress physiology was evaluated by quantifying corticosterone, the primary glucocorticoid (stress hormone) of rodents, from hair and its related metabolites from fecal samples. White-footed mice captured in this near-shore archipelago did not display characteristics of island syndrome, nor differences in levels of hair corticosterone or fecal corticosterone metabolites compared with mainland mice. We suggest that island white-footed mice experience similar degrees of stress in the Thousand Islands compared with the mainland. Although we did not find evidence of island syndrome or accompanying changes to stress physiology, we identified relationships between internal (sex, body mass) and external (season) factors and our hormonal indices of stress in white-footed mice.
Flowpath 2019 - Congresso Nazionale di Idrogeologia Milano, 12-14 giugno 2019
Authors: Alberti Luca , Bonomi Tullia , Masetti Marco , Stevenazzi Stefania
Published: June 2019

La quarta edizione del congresso nazionale di idrogeologia Flowpath si è tenuta a Milano dal 12 al 14 giugno 2019, organizzato dal Politecnico di Milano, dall’Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca e dall’Università degli Studi di Milano congiuntamente al Comitato Italiano IAH [...].
The C-terminal tail of the bacterial translocation ATPase SecA modulates its activity
Authors: Jamshad Mohammed , Knowles Timothy J , White Scott A , Ward Douglas G , Mohammed Fiyaz , Rahman Kazi Fahmida , Wynne Max , Hughes Gareth W , Kramer Günter , Bukau Bernd , Huber Damon
Published: June 2019

In bacteria, the translocation of proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane by the Sec machinery requires the ATPase SecA. SecA binds ribosomes and recognises nascent substrate proteins, but the molecular mechanism of nascent substrate recognition is unknown. We investigated the role of the C-terminal tail (CTT) of SecA in nascent polypeptide recognition. The CTT consists of a flexible linker (FLD) and a small metal-binding domain (MBD). Phylogenetic analysis and ribosome binding experiments indicated that the MBD interacts with 70S ribosomes. Disruption of the MBD only or the entire CTT had opposing effects on ribosome binding, substrate-protein binding, ATPase activity and in vivo function, suggesting that the CTT influences the conformation of SecA. Site-specific crosslinking indicated that F399 in SecA contacts ribosomal protein uL29, and binding to nascent chains disrupts this interaction. Structural studies provided insight into the CTT-mediated conformational changes in SecA. Our results suggest a mechanism for nascent substrate protein recognition.
The taste of water
Authors: Tracey W Daniel
Published: June 2019

Female mosquitos require a specific ion-channel protein to sense the presence of fresh water in which they can lay their eggs.
Chest pain secondary to membranous subaortic stenosis in a young woman
Authors: Brodyn Nicholas E. , Haft Jacob I.
Published: June 2019

Left ventricular outflow obstruction can be divided into three distinct categories: valvular aortic stenosis, the most common form; supravalvular aortic stenosis, which is often seen in early childhood; and subvalvular stenosis, which can be further subdivided into muscular, tunnel, and fibromembranous subtypes. All may be found in a patient seen with symptoms of angina, syncope, or heart failure as a precursor to sudden death. Prompt clinical recognition is essential as is a high degree of suspicion when these signs are associated with a systolic ejection murmur on clinical examination. Echocardiography and a meticulous Doppler examination are very useful in the diagnosis of these disorders as well as in further distinguishing among the different subtypes. The authors describe the case of a 40-yearold woman with chest pain refractory to medical therapy and a long systolic ejection murmur.