bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longevidade e qualidade de pós-colheita de hastes florais de girassol ornamental submetidas à solução de ácido giberélico
Authors: Siqueira Tânia da Silva , Andrade Mateus Ferreira , Alves Neurisvaldo dos Santos , Melo Damaris Daniele Barreto , Moura Márcia Bruna Marim de , Sousa Maria Jucelia Pereira de , Ataíde Elma Machado , Silva Monalisa Alves Diniz da , Silva Luzia Ferreira da
Published: July 2024

O sucesso comercial de uma flor independe unicamente da sua qualidade estética, mas também da sua vida em vaso, o que torna necessário buscar alternativas para aumentar o tempo entre o corte e a comercialização. Partindo desta premissa o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de crescentes concentrações de ácido giberélico aplicado tanto via foliar como pela imersão das hastes florais do girassol ornamental, var. Sunrich Orange, sobre a longevidade da pós-colheita. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2×5, sendo o primeiro fator correspondente à duas formas de aplicação do ácido giberélico (Foliar e imersão das hastes florais por período de tempo determinado pelo aspecto visual das hastes florais dias) e o segundo fator correspondente às crescentes concentrações (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 mg L-1) de ácido giberélico. As variáveis analisadas foram o consumo médio diário de água e das soluções de ácido giberélico, número de dias em que as hastes permaneceram com excelente aspecto geral (Nota 5); número de dias em que as hastes permaneceram com bom aspecto geral (Nota 4); Número de dias em que as hastes permaneceram com leve queda da haste floral e início da deterioração (Nota 3); Permanência das hastes florais na água ou nas soluções até o descarte (longevidade (dias)/ Nota 2). A forma como a solução de ácido giberélico é aplicada nas hastes florais de girassol, interfere na absorção tanto da água como da solução, ajustando-se a equações lineares positiva e negativa para os modos de aplicação foliar e imersão, respectivamente. A solução de ácido giberélico, independente da concentração e da forma de aplicação, não interfere na longevidade e qualidade de pós-colheita do girassol ornamental, variedade Surich orange.
La protección jurídica de los ecosistemas subterráneos: un mundo de oscuridades
Authors: Desdentado Daroca Eva
Published: July 2024

Este trabajo analiza los problemas que presenta actualmente la protección jurídica de los ecosistemas subterráneos. Parte, para ello, de las características singulares de los ecosistemas subterráneos y del estado de su conocimiento científico y examina críticamente tanto el régimen de competencias en materia medioambiental, como las diferentes medidas que actualmente ofrece el ordenamiento jurídico para su conservación. El trabajo concluye que a los problemas generales de fragmentación que presenta el Derecho Ambiental español actual, se añade la falta de un tratamiento legal específico de los ecosistemas subterráneos, con la única excepción de las aguas subterráneas y de algunas previsiones autonómicas sobre las cuevas. Se propone, de lege ferenda, la inclusión de un tratamiento específico y un régimen de protección mínima de los ecosistemas subterráneos relevantes en la legislación básica de biodiversidad.
Biodiversidad de los ecosistemas subterráneos
Authors: Ortuño Vicente M. , Jiménez-Valverde Alberto
Published: July 2024

Presentación del monográfico Biodiversidad de los ecosistemas subterráneos
Role of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Cholesteatoma from Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Janarthanan Vasanthapriya , Keloth Thara , Raj Joe Vimal , Raghuraman Roshen Raghaventhar , Padmanaban Elamparidhi , Nibhanupudi Kamala Manogna
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Radiological imaging, such as High-resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) of the temporal bone, has always held significant importance in diagnosing and staging Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM). In preoperative cases of CSOM and cholesteatoma, HRCT describes the disease’s extent to aid in surgical approach, while diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences can differentiate cholesteatoma from other common inflammatory middle ear diseases. Aim: To determine the role of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DW-MRI) in differentiating between granulation tissue and cholesteatoma using histopathological findings as a reference standard. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College, Puducherry, India, from November 2018 to April 2020. A total of 40 patients who underwent HRCT of the temporal bone for preoperative evaluation of CSOM underwent diffusion sequence MRI, and their findings were compared with intraoperative and postoperative histopathological results. Findings such as soft-tissue masses with scutum and erosion of ear ossicles were analysed in HRCT, while diffusion restriction was observed in DW-MRI in cases of cholesteatoma. Data were collected using a prescribed proforma and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 24.0. Results: The mean±Standard Deviation (SD) age of the patients was 43±20.41 years (27 males, 13 females). The most common presentations in this study were mucopurulent discharge and conductive hearing loss (20 out of 40 patients). Among the 16 patients diagnosed with cholesteatoma through histopathological examination, all (100%) were reported to have diffusion restriction present in the MRI. The sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of DWI were all found to be 100% in diagnosing cholesteatoma. The sensitivity of HRCT was 81.25% and the specificity was 83.3%. Conclusion: High-resolution computed tomography provides a surgical roadmap indicating the extent of involvement and bony structures, while DW-MRI imaging helps in differentiating cholesteatoma from CSOM. A combined preoperative approach using HRCT and DW-MRI imaging can aid in diagnosing cholesteatoma effectively.
Awareness of Periconceptional use of Folic Acid to Prevent Neural Tube Defects in Young Females of Dakshina Kannada Region, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Arnold Joseph Paul , Shenoy Varsha , Prabhu Prathima , Sheron Deepshreya
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) are one of the common congenital anomalies leading to miscarriages and serious disabilities in newborns. NTDs are the second most common type of birth defects. Even though the aetiology of NTDs is multifactorial, Folic Acid (FA) deficiency is the most common cause. There are limited Indian studies on awareness of FA usage in the general public. Aim: To assess the awareness and usage of FA to prevent NTDs in young ladies of Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada (DK) district, Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: It was a community-based crosssectional study conducted at Father Muller Medical College in Dakshina Kannada district, Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada (DK) district, Karnataka, India from August 2023 to October 2023. A total of 300 young Indian females aged 18-35 years, residing in the study district, were randomly chosen as participants. Data were collected by an interviewer using a semistructured questionnaire with two components. Part 1 focused on sociodemographic details, while Part 2 gathered information on the awareness of FA supplements, dietary sources of FA, the best time, and dosage of FA supplements to prevent NTDs. Descriptive analysis of the data was done. Results: The study included 90 married and 210 unmarried females. The average age of the participants was 23.7±5.7 years. The study results observed that only 103 (34%) of the participants had heard about FA supplements. A total of 240 (80%) of them said they were not aware of the preferred time for FA. Only 9 (3%) females could mention the correct dose of FA. Conclusion: The study results indicate a gross lack of awareness about FA supplements to prevent NTDs in the general population of the region.
Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Section Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits: A Case Report
Authors: Gokhale Vijayashree , Mishra Mahabir Prasad , Yadav Ponvijaya M , Giduturi Vineetha Naga Lakshmi
Published: July 2024

Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits (PGNMID) is a relatively rare entity. Patient’s usually present with proteinuria, elevated creatinine, and renal failure. The present case report details the clinical presentation, diagnostic assessments, and treatment outcomes of a 56-year-old female with a complex renal pathology. The patient, with a history of hypertension, presented with generalised anasarca and decreased appetite. Initial examinations revealed pedal oedema, low serum albumin, elevated Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and markedly high serum creatinine levels, indicating impaired kidney function. Further investigations, including urine analysis and immunological tests, identified significant proteinuria and complement system involvement. Radiological studies demonstrated ascites and elevated renal cortical echogenicity. Renal biopsy revealed Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with conventional Monoclonal Immune Deposits-Immunoglobulin G3 (PGNMID-IgG3-kappa). Direct immunofluorescence analysis exhibited a specific staining pattern, confirming the diagnosis. Overall, the diagnostic impression suggested Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephropathy (MPGN) injury pattern, emphasising the complexity of the renal pathology. Despite extensive medical interventions, including haemodialysis and immunosuppressive measures, the patient’s condition deteriorated, leading to a fatal outcome on the 67th day of admission. The present case underscores the challenges in managing advanced renal diseases and emphasises the importance of precise diagnostic methods for guiding targeted therapeutic interventions in such complex cases.
The Impact of Financial Constraints on Quality of Life and Mental Health in the Elderly: Evidence from Spain
Authors: Siaba Sabela ,   University of A Coruña, Casal Bruno , Rivera Berta ,   University of A Coruña,   University of A Coruña
Published: July 2024

This study analyzes the association between financial difficulties and quality of life and depression in Spain. We apply extended probit models in order to control for potential endogeneity, in a sample of 1,759 people over 65 years of age. The results show that facing financial difficulties is significantly related to a lower quality of life and a higher probability of depression, particularly for women. Negative expectations about future finances are inversely and significantly related to the individual’s quality of life. These findings suggest that financial advisory and public intervention programs focused on the elderly with financial constraints are necessary to mitigate this negative impact.
Association of Income and Wealth with Self-reported Health Status: Analysis of European Countries during the Financial Crisis
Authors: Maynou Laia ,   Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra and London School of Economics and Political Science, Saéz Marc , López i Casasnovas Guillem ,   University of Girona, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) and Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we evaluate the association of changes in income and wealth with self-perceived health for the European Union (EU) countries, using a longitudinal sample of individuals. We estimated generalized linear mixed models for three waves of the Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey (2011, 2015, 2017), adjusting for family and individual heterogeneity and for temporal trends. Results show that variations in income have a positive and significant impact on changes in self-perceived health during the financial crisis, but not after 2015. In conclusion, we find that income, rather than wealth, played an important role in protecting health.
Balance Sheet Analysis with the Aim of Improving Financial Reporting: A Case Study of DCCB Raipur, India
Authors: Dhruw Bebika , Bhagat Rohit Kumar , Choudhary V.K.
Published: July 2024

This paper presents in the form of a case study the process of analysis of the balance sheet and income statement of the District Central Cooperative Bank (DCCB) Raipur. The research presented in the paper is based on the analysis of the official set of basic financial reports, as well as other publicly available data on the DCCB Raipur. As the time component is very important for research of this type, that reports were observed in the paper during only current and the previous years, ie for the period 2021-22. The aim of the research is to assess the financial result and financial position of a given company by examining the structure and dynamics of total income and the distribution of total income, profitability and opportunities to improve the financial position. The results of the research indicate that the bank's strong financial position and profitability are attributed to its efficient operations and strategic financial management, as evidenced by the substantial growth in net income. The bank has effectively managed its assets and liabilities to achieve strong financial health. This positive trend indicates the bank's ability to generate sustainable profits and maintain its competitive edge in the market.
Basic Concepts of Disaster Management and Hazard Risk Vulnerability Profile of Gurgaon Based on District Disaster Management Plan 2020
Authors: Bali Renu
Published: July 2024

To understand the process of disaster risk reduction and disaster management it is very important to know the usage meaning and difference between the basic concepts of disaster management. While hazard refers to probable event that can occur, disaster is actual occurrence of the event. Any event becomes a disaster after occurrence when it has very wide impact in terms of loss of life, injury to people, damage and destruction of physical structures and environment. Similarly, vulnerability is situation it can be physical, social or economic but risk is calculation of probable impact of disaster. Capacity improvement can lower the vulnerability, lower the risk and lower the total impact of disaster. Capacity improvement by building strong structures and creating awareness among communities will help in building a resilient society to cope with disasters. In this paper we tried to understand the meaning of these basic concept with illustrations from District Disaster Management Plan 2020 of Gurgaon District of Haryana
Efficacy of Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin against Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Uropathogens in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dahiya Ankita , Grover Pragati , Arora Bharti , Jain Deepti , Chugh Sonia
Published: July 2024

Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections that require medical care. It accounts for 25% of all infections. Limited number of antibiotics are available for the treatment of UTI due to increased resistance among uropathogens. Aim of the study is to determine the causative agents of UTI and to evaluate the action of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin against Enterobacteriaceae in ESBL (Extended spectrum beta-lactamase) producing strains.
Material and Methods: It is a retrospective study carried out in the department of Microbiology, MAMC, Agroha. Data related to urine culture and antibiotic susceptibility pattern from January 2023 to December 2023 was taken from the records and analysed.
Results: Out of 1648 urine samples processed, 569 showed significant bacterial growth. Escherichia coli (45.3%) was the most common isolate followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.5%), Enterococcus (17.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (5%). Among the gram negative bacilli, 40% were ESBL producers. These ESBL producing strains were 99% sensitive to Fosfomycin and 75% sensitive to Nitrofurantoin.
Conclusion: The study revealed that Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin are very effective oral drugs for empirical treatment against gram negative uropathogens causing UTI, especially multi drug resistant strains.
Indigenous Knowledge Collection in NICRA-AICRPAM Domain Districts for Weather Events
Authors: Chaudhary J.L. , Chandrakar Bhumika , Lakpale Rajendra
Published: July 2024

Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) is the experience of local people gained from past generation and forefathers. Knowledge base is gained through tradition and culture. Prevailing knowledge is used in making farming operational management for gain in crop production. Crop and irrigation cycles are also being followed through traditional knowledge base and advanced techniques are available now. However, importance of the treasure of knowledge gained from forefathers and inherited to local people in present situation can't be ignored. Indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) is the assemblage of awareness and understanding of various facts which people have developed over a large span of time and continue to expand it. Social participation gives an idea of the respondent's participation in social activities.  The NICRA-AICRPAM project has been carried out since 2011 in Chhattisgarh state. Main objective of the project is developing climate resilient technologies in agriculture. This ITK collection can be one effective mean to achieve this objective. The study was conducted to identify indigenous knowledge prevailing among the village side in NICRA domain districts Mahasamund and Kanker (Chhattisgarh state). The study was to examine traditional knowhow of farmers in Kanker and Mahasamund districts of Chhattisgarh during 2021 and their scope of application in farming activities. The objective of survey was to collect and document traditional knowledge base from the local farmers so as to work towards climate resilience in agriculture. As rainfall is the main factor in rainfed agriculture, stress was on collection of knowledge regarding rainfall prediction. The study was conducted under CRIDA, Hyderabad sponsored NICRA-AICRPAM project entitled “National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture”. Project has been implemented in Department of Agrometeorology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, (C.G.) since 2011. Here in this paper the astronomical, environmental and biological indicators perceived by local masses in forecasting rainfall have been collected, identified and examined. This knowledge will help its utilization in agricultural operations and practices. Interviews were conducted by Field Information Facilitators by contacting masses and peasants. Various indigenous technical knowledge of the project domain area were collected and analyzed. Experience of seasonal rainfall forecasting can be strengthened by using this knowledge base. ITK techniques of rainfall prediction may serve as supplemental knowledge base to advanced scientific technologies.
Effect of Chlormequat (CCC) and Gibberellin (GA3) on Growth and Flowering of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) Var. Mexican Single
Authors: Singh Jujhar , Kaur Puneet
Published: July 2024

The experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm, Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab during summer season 2022-2023 to study the effect of growth regulators on growth and flowering of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) var. Mexican Single. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments such as no - growth regulators(Control),GA3@50ppm, GA3@ 100ppm, GA3@150ppm, CCC@1250ppm, CCC @ 1500ppm and CCC @1750ppm and the treatments were replicated thrice. Observation were recorded for vegetative and flowering parameters. Maximum plant canopy was recorded with CCC @ 1750ppm. Maximum leaf size was found in GA3 @ 150ppm.Flowering parameters such as early opening of first florets and Maximum spike length was found with GA3@150ppm. Diameter of spike and diameter of first floret recorded maximum with CCC@ 1500ppm. Total water uptake (ml) by flowers during post harvest found to be maximum in CCC@ 1750ppm.Therefore, GA3 @ 150ppm and CCC@ 1500ppm can be recommended for growth and flowering of Tuberose.
Studies on Character Association for Growth, Yield and Quality Components in Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees.)
Authors: U. B Anuradha , Patil M. G , Kurubar A. R. , Patil Shekharagouda , N. Amaregouda , N Ananda
Published: July 2024

An experiment was conducted on kalmegh to study the response of spacing and different fertilizer combinations in relation to growth, yield and quality of kalmegh. It was noticed that, spacing of 30cm×15cm with 50% RDN + 50% Vermicompost equivalent to recommended N resulted the significant increase in the herbage growth, yield and quality. The present investigation was found the correlation for various traits in kalmegh. Andrographolide content showed the positively high association with the plant height (0.86), number of secondary braches per plant (0.76), number of primary braches per plant (0.70) and fresh herbage yield per plant (0.68).
Does the Development of Financial Services Improve Export Diversification? The Case of the Cemac Zone
Authors: Olivier Dimala , Steve Mekanda Eto'o Jean , Romaric Wepaguiewe Armel , Sinclair Medjo Nna , Blaise Tsomb Tsomb Etienne Inedit
Published: July 2024

Aims: The main objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of financial services development on export diversification in the countries of the Economic Community of Central African States.
Methodology: We applied the two stage least squares estimation method on a panel model to capture the effects of financial services on Theil's export concentration index. The sample comprises five countries observed over the period from 2007 to 2022.
Results: The results show that, the development of financial services and the increase in intra-regional trade in this community promote export diversification. In addition, increased investment and access to electricity are key to export diversification in this region.
Recommendation and conclusion: Hence the need for these countries to implement policies conducive to trade liberalization and investment promotion in the CEMAC zone. Economic liberalization and investment development are essential to export diversification.
Field Studies Delve Into the Intricacies of Mountain Weather
Authors: Fernando Harindra J. S. , Pardyjak Eric R.
Published: September 2013

Mountain meteorology, in particular weather prediction in complex (rugged) terrain, is emerging as an important topic for science and society. Large urban settlements such as Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and Rio de Janeiro have grown within or in the shadow of complex terrain, and managing the air quality of such cities requires a good understanding of the air flow patterns that spill off of mountains. On a daily time scale, the interconnected engineered and natural systems that sustain urban metabolism and quality of life are affected by weather [Fernando, 2010]. Further, recent military engagements in remote mountainous areas have heightened the need for better weather predictions—alpine warfare is considered to be one of the most dangerous types of combat.
A new metric to help understand Amazon rainforest precipitation
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: September 2013

In the Amazon rainforest, the chain of events that turns a small‐scale process like a localized increase in evaporation into a towering storm cloud is long and twisted. To understand the complex dynamics that lead to precipitation and to identify the relative importance of various processes, researchers need uninterrupted observations at high‐resolution time scales over many years. Such observations have traditionally been scarce for tropical continental environments, such as the Amazon, where logistics are difficult.
Decadal shifts in ocean basin mass detected in satellite observations
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: September 2013

Global warming is changing the sea level on a global scale by melting ice and snow, but sea level variations on smaller scales are linked to change in ocean circulation. From 2003 to 2012, observations show that some of the world's ocean basins have lost mass while others have grown. For instance, changing circulation patterns have caused the North Pacific to rise by an extra 1.9 centimeters per decade, irrespective of sea level rise caused by water additions from melting ice or groundwater depletion. Parts of the South Atlantic, the Arctic, and the southern Indian Ocean are also rising, while regions of the North Atlantic, South Pacific, and northern Indian Ocean are falling, according to an analysis by Johnson and Chambers of the most recent observations made by NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites.
Health Disparities
Authors: Wolfe Joseph D.
Published: September 2013

A health disparity is an unnecessary and unjust difference in health across two or more socially meaningful groups. In its brief history, health disparities research has considered the relationship between many different indicators of social inequality, including socioeconomic status (SES), social class, race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation, and a persuasive number of these studies report evidence of health disparities. Health disparities research has grown dramatically since the 1990s, and current research continues to clarify how and why social inequalities create differences in health. By examining the role of social inequalities in determining a population's health, health disparities research provides essential information to organizations attempting to reduce and ultimately eliminate disparities.
The Illusive Ground Between Town and Gown
Authors: Heaney Tom
Published: September 2013

This chapter addresses complex dynamics and turmoil that may be unleashed when universities attempt to engage with community. Benefits and risks are examined through stories that illustrate the power and potential conflicts at the core of academic intrusions into the lives of marginalized people.
Dependence of Dye Regeneration and Charge Collection on the Pore‐Filling Fraction in Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Weisspfennig Christian T. , Hollman Derek J. , Menelaou Christoper , Stranks Sam D. , Joyce Hannah J. , Johnston Michael B. , Snaith Henry J. , Herz Laura M.
Published: September 2013

Solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells rely on effective infiltration of a solid‐state hole‐transporting material into the pores of a nanoporous TiO2 network to allow for dye regeneration and hole extraction. Using microsecond transient absorption spectroscopy and femtosecond photoluminescence upconversion spectroscopy, the hole‐transfer yield from the dye to the hole‐transporting material 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9'‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) is shown to rise rapidly with higher pore‐filling fractions as the dye‐coated pore surface is increasingly covered with hole‐transporting material. Once a pore‐filling fraction of ≈30% is reached, further increases do not significantly change the hole‐transfer yield. Using simple models of infiltration of spiro‐OMeTAD into the TiO2 porous network, it is shown that this pore‐filling fraction is less than the amount required to cover the dye surface with at least a single layer of hole‐transporting material, suggesting that charge diffusion through the dye monolayer network precedes transfer to the hole‐transporting material. Comparison of these results with device parameters shows that improvements of the power‐conversion efficiency beyond ≈30% pore filling are not caused by a higher hole‐transfer yield, but by a higher charge‐collection efficiency, which is found to occur in steps. The observed sharp onsets in photocurrent and power‐conversion efficiencies with increasing pore‐filling fraction correlate well with percolation theory, predicting the points of cohesive pathway formation in successive spiro‐OMeTAD layers adhered to the pore walls. From percolation theory it is predicted that, for standard mesoporous TiO2 with 20 nm pore size, the photocurrent should show no further improvement beyond an ≈83% pore‐filling fraction.
Socio‐demographic and behavioral risk factors associated with the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in portuguese children
Authors: Bingham Daniel D. , Varela‐Silva Maria I. , Ferrão Maria M. , Augusta Gama , Mourão Maria I. , Nogueira Helena , Marques Vitor R. , Padez Cristina
Published: September 2013

Objectives

Childhood obesity is a public health concern in Portugal. Socio‐demographic and behavioral factors are highly associated with obesity but are not clearly understood. This article aims to update the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portuguese children and to explore the influence and risks of socio‐demographic factors and behavioral factors.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of Portuguese children aged 3–10 years from all 18 mainland districts took place between March 2009 and January 2010. The sample was composed by 17,136 children, 3–10 years of age (8,455 boys; 8,681 girls). Height, weight, and other anthropometric measurements were obtained by trained technicians. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated along with other anthropometric variables. Data analyses took place between April and September 2012. The overweight/obesity classification was established by age‐and sex‐specific BMI cut‐off points as defined by the International obesity task force (IOTF). Parents completed questionnaires about socio‐demographic and behavioral characteristics of the family.

Results

Almost 28% of the Portuguese children were overweight or obese (19.7% overweight; 8.2% obese). Prevalence was greater in girls than in boys. Logistic regression models found that the odds of childhood obesity were significantly affected by biological, socio‐demographic, and behavioral factors.

Conclusions

The protective factors against childhood overweight/obesity in this sample of Portuguese children are: (i) being male; (ii) having been breastfeed; (iii) having been born from mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy; (iv) engaging in little sedentary behaviors (TV, PC, and playing electronic games); (iv) performing at least 1 h of moderate physical activity every day; and (v) having parents with higher educational levels who also have their BMI within the healthy ranges. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:733–742, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation between safety climate and contractor safety assessment programs in construction
Authors: Sparer Emily H. , Murphy Lauren A. , Taylor Kathryn M. , Dennerlein Jack T.
Published: September 2013

Background

Contractor safety assessment programs (CSAPs) measure safety performance by integrating multiple data sources together; however, the relationship between these measures of safety performance and safety climate within the construction industry is unknown.

Methods

Four hundred and one construction workers employed by 68 companies on 26 sites and 11 safety managers employed by 11 companies completed brief surveys containing a nine‐item safety climate scale developed for the construction industry. CSAP scores from ConstructSecure, Inc., an online CSAP database, classified these 68 companies as high or low scorers, with the median score of the sample population as the threshold. Spearman rank correlations evaluated the association between the CSAP score and the safety climate score at the individual level, as well as with various grouping methodologies. In addition, Spearman correlations evaluated the comparison between manager‐assessed safety climate and worker‐assessed safety climate.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between safety climate scores reported by workers in the high and low CSAP groups. There were, at best, weak correlations between workers' safety climate scores and the company CSAP scores, with marginal statistical significance with two groupings of the data. There were also no significant differences between the manager‐assessed safety climate and the worker‐assessed safety climate scores.

Conclusions

A CSAP safety performance score does not appear to capture safety climate, as measured in this study. The nature of safety climate in construction is complex, which may be reflective of the challenges in measuring safety climate within this industry. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1463–1472, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial working memory in immersive virtual reality foraging: Path organization, traveling distance and search efficiency in humans (Homo sapiens)
Authors: De Lillo Carlo , Kirby Melissa , James Frances C.
Published: September 2013

Search and serial recall tasks were used in the present study to characterize the factors affecting the ability of humans to keep track of a set of spatial locations while traveling in an immersive virtual reality foraging environment. The first experiment required the exhaustive exploration of a set of locations following a procedure previously used with other primate and non‐primate species to assess their sensitivity to the geometric arrangement of foraging sites. The second experiment assessed the dependency of search performance on search organization by requiring the participants to recall specific trajectories throughout the foraging space. In the third experiment, the distance between the foraging sites was manipulated in order to contrast the effects of organization and traveling distance on recall accuracy. The results show that humans benefit from the use of organized search patterns when attempting to monitor their travel though either a clustered “patchy” space or a matrix of locations. Their ability to recall a series of locations is dependent on whether the order in which they are explored conformed or did not conform to specific organization principles. Moreover, the relationship between search efficiency and search organization is not confounded by effects of traveling distance. These results indicate that in humans, organizational factors may play a large role in their ability to forage efficiently. The extent to which such dependency may pertain to other primates and could be accounted for by visual organization processes is discussed on the basis of previous studies focused on perceptual grouping, search, and serial recall in non‐human species. Am. J. Primatol. Am. J. Primatol. 76:436–446, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating marine diets through radiocarbon dating and stable isotope analysis of victims of the AD79 eruption of vesuvius
Authors: Craig Oliver E. , Bondioli Luca , Fattore Luciano , Higham Tom , Hedges Robert
Published: September 2013

The stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of bone collagen are frequently used in paleodietary studies to assess the marine contribution to an individual's diet. Surprisingly, the relationship between stable isotope these values characteristics and the percentage of marine foods in diet has never been effectively demonstrated. To clarify this relationship, the stable isotope values and radiocarbon dates of nine humans and one sheep from Herculaneum, all who perished simultaneously during the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius, were determined. Significant differences were found in the radiocarbon dates which are attributable to the incorporation of “old” carbon from the marine reservoir. The magnitude of the observed differences was linearly correlated with both δ13C and δ15N values allowing the response of each isotope to increasing marine carbon in collagen to be independently verified. Regression analyses showed that for every 1‰ enrichment in δ13C and δ15N, 56 years and 34 years were added to the radiocarbon age, respectively. Predictions of the maximum marine reservoir age differed considerably depending on which stable isotope was considered. This discrepancy is attributed to some degree of macronutrient scrambling whereby nitrogen from marine protein is preferentially incorporated in collagen over marine carbon. It is suggested that the macronutrient scrambling explains the observed relationship between δ13C and δ15N from Roman coastal sites and should be considered when interpreting any diet which is not dominated by protein. Nevertheless, without knowing the degree of macronutrient scrambling in different dietary scenarios, the accuracy of dietary reconstructions is severely compromised. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:345–352, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ontogeny of the hominoid scapula: The influence of locomotion on morphology
Authors: Green David J.
Published: September 2013

Primate shoulder morphology has been linked with locomotor habits, oftentimes irrespective of phylogenetic heritage. Among hominoids, juvenile African apes are known to climb more frequently than adults, while orangutans and gibbons maintain an arboreal lifestyle throughout ontogeny. This study examined if these ontogenetic locomotor differences carry a morphological signal, which should be evident in the scapulae of chimpanzees and gorillas but absent in taxa that do not display ontogenetic behavioral shifts. The scapular morphology of five hominoid primates and one catarrhine outgroup was examined throughout ontogeny to evaluate if scapular traits linked with arboreal activities are modified in response to ontogenetic behavioral shifts away from climbing. Specifically, the following questions were addressed: 1) which scapular characteristics distinguish taxa with different locomotor habits; and 2) do these traits show associated changes during development in taxa known to modify their behavioral patterns? Several traits characterized suspensory taxa from nonsuspensory forms, such as cranially oriented glenohumeral joints, obliquely oriented scapular spines, relatively narrow infraspinous fossae, and inferolaterally expanded subscapularis fossae. The relative shape of the dorsal scapular fossae changed in Pan, Gorilla, and also Macaca in line with predictions based on reported ontogenetic changes in locomotor behavior. These morphological changes were mostly distinct from those seen in Pongo, Hylobates, and Homo and imply a unique developmental pattern, possibly related to ontogenetic locomotor shifts. Accordingly, features that sorted taxa by locomotor habits and changed in concert with ontogenetic behavioral patterns should be particularly useful for reconstructing the locomotor habits of fossil forms. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:239–260, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief communication: A morphometric analysis of the neandertal upper second molar leuca I
Authors: Benazzi Stefano , Bailey Shara E. , Mallegni Francesco
Published: September 2013

The scarcity of Neandertal remains from Southern Europe hampers our understanding of Neandertal variability, and can bias interpretations about Neandertal geographic variation. To address this issue, it is often important to reassess human remains that, while discovered decades ago, remain relatively unknown to the scientific community. In this contribution, we provide a complete state‐of‐the‐art comparative morphometric analysis of Leuca I, an unworn left second upper molar (LM2) discovered in 1958 in Bambino's Cave (near Santa Maria di Leuca, Apulia, Italy) and attributed to Homo neanderthalensis. Our study includes comparisons of standard metric and nonmetric data, a 2D image analysis of the occlusal surface and measurements of both 2D and 3D enamel thickness and dental tissue proportions. Although Leuca I follows the Neandertal M2s trend in some morphometric aspects (i.e., small relative occlusal polygon area), in other cases it falls to the higher end (for 3D average enamel thickness) or even outside (for 3D‐relative enamel thickness) the Neandertal M2 variability, thus increasing the known Neandertal range of variation. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:300–305, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cranial airways and the integration between the inner and outer facial skeleton in humans
Authors: Bastir Markus , Rosas Antonio
Published: September 2013

The cranial airways are in the center of the human face. Therefore variation in the size and shape of these central craniofacial structures could have important consequences for the surrounding midfacial morphology during development and evolution. Yet such interactions are unclear because one school of thought, based on experimental and developmental evidence, suggests a relative independence (modularity) of these two facial compartments, whereas another one assumes tight morphological integration. This study uses geometric morphometrics of modern humans (N = 263) and 40 three‐dimensional‐landmarks of the skeletal nasopharynx and nasal cavity and outer midfacial skeleton to analyze these questions in terms of modularity. The sizes of all facial compartments were all strongly correlated. Shape integration was high between the cranial airways and the outer midfacial skeleton and between the latter and the anterior airway openings (skeletal regions close to and including piriform aperture). However, no shape integration was detected between outer midface and posterior airway openings (nasopharynx and choanae). Similarly, no integration was detected between posterior and anterior airway openings. This may reflect functional modularization of nasal cavity compartments related to respiratory physiology and differential developmental interactions with the face. Airway size likely relates to the energetics of the organism, whereas airways shape might be more indicative of respiratory physiology and climate. Although this hypothesis should be addressed in future steps, here we suggest that selection on morphofunctional characteristics of the cranial airways could have cascading effects for the variation, development, and evolution of the human face. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:287–293, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interface self‐reinforcing ability and antibacterial effect of natural chitosan modified polyvinyl chloride‐based wood flour composites
Authors: Xu Kaimeng , Li Kaifu , Zhong Tuhua , Xie Chengping
Published: September 2013

Natural chitosan (CS) at four different additions (10, 20, 30, and 40 phr) and particle size ranges (100–140, 140–180, 180–220, and over 260 mesh) are selected to improve the interface adhesion as well as endow a novel antibacterial function to wood flour/polyvinyl chloride (WF/PVC) composites. In the present study, we investigate the interface self‐reinforcing ability of CS to composites by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), mechanical testing instrument, and water absorption behavior test (WB). The antibacterial activity is also estimated by the method of membrane covering test (MCT) using Escherichia coli. The results recorded show that adding 30 phr CS with the particle size of over 260 mesh is considered to be perfect selection to prepare the excellent interfacial self‐reinforcing and antibacterial WF/PVC/CS composites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39854.
Silicone hydrogels based on a novel amphiphilic poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline)‐b‐poly(dimethyl siloxane) copolymer
Authors: Zhu Zongzhe , Li Xinsong
Published: September 2013

A novel amphiphilic hydrogel based on poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline)‐b‐poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PMeOx–PDMS) block copolymer was developed. First of all, PMeOx–PDMS macromonomer was synthesized by coupling mono‐hydroxylated PMeOx with PDMS followed by end‐capping with methacrylate group. The structures of each step were characterized by NMR and titration. After that, silicone hydrogels were prepared by UV‐initiated copolymerization of PMeOx–PDMS macromonomer with monomers such as 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate in the presence of a crosslinker. Measurements of the hydrogels' water contact angle, equilibrium water content, and tensile properties showed that the hydrogels possessed better hydrophilic surface, higher water content, and better ion permeability with the increase of the content of the macromonomer PMeOx–PDMS. Meanwhile, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the hydrogels decreased slightly. Protein adsorption tests showed that the hydrogels had strong antifouling ability after the incorporation of PMeOx. This newly described hydrogel demonstrated attractive properties to serve as ophthalmic biomaterial. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39867.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Organocobaloximes as Potential Catecholase and Antimicrobial Activity Agents
Authors: Erdem‐Tuncmen Mukadder , Karipcin Fatma , Sariboga Bahtiyar
Published: September 2013

An asymmetric, potentially bidentate dioxime ligand (H2L) was formed by condensation of 4‐biphenylchloroglyoxime and napthyl‐1‐amine. Two equivalents of H2L were reacted with CoCl2 · 6H2O under appropriate conditions with deprotonation of the dioxime ligand. A series of new organocobaloxime derivatives of the type [CoR(HL)2Py], [CoRL2PyB2F4], and [CoRL2Py(Cu(phen))2] (H2L = 4‐(napthyl‐1‐amino)biphenylglyoxime; phen = 1,10‐phenathroline; R = izopropyl and benzyl; Py = pyridine) were synthesized. The products were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Catecholase‐like activity properties of all complexes were also studied. All complexes are catalysts for the oxidation of 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol to 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,2‐benzoquinone in methanol. Antimicrobial activity studies of H2L and the six complexes were carried out on standard strains (human pathogenic) of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudominas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi) and the yeast Candida albicans. The compounds showed a significant inhibition of the growth of the Gram‐positive bacteria tested. Among the tested microorganisms, S. aureus was the most sensitive strain, especially to H2L and its complexes.
Most Patients With Cancer‐Associated Dermatomyositis Have Antibodies to Nuclear Matrix Protein NXP‐2 or Transcription Intermediary Factor 1γ
Authors: Fiorentino David F. , Chung Lorinda S. , Christopher‐Stine Lisa , Zaba Lisa , Li Shufeng , Mammen Andrew L. , Rosen Antony , Casciola‐Rosen Livia
Published: September 2013

Objective

Since dermatomyositis (DM) is associated with an increased risk of malignancy, accurate identification of patients likely to harbor cancers is important. Using immunoprecipitations from radiolabeled cell lysates, several groups recently showed that anti–transcription intermediary factor 1γ (anti–TIF‐1γ) antibodies are associated with malignancy in DM. We undertook this study to develop sensitive, specific assays to detect antibodies against TIF‐1γ and nuclear matrix protein NXP‐2 and to evaluate their association with malignancy in DM.

Methods

To detect anti–TIF‐1γ antibodies, immunoprecipitations were performed using lysates made from HeLa cells overexpressing TIF‐1γ, with detection by immunoblotting. Anti–NXP‐2 antibodies were assayed by immunoprecipitation using 35S‐methionine–labeled NXP‐2 generated by in vitro transcription/translation. We analyzed patient sera from DM cohorts seen at the Stanford University Dermatology Clinic (n = 111) and the Johns Hopkins Myositis Center (n = 102).

Results

A total of 17% and 38% of patients had antibodies against NXP‐2 and TIF‐1γ, respectively. Reactivity against either NXP‐2 or TIF‐1γ identified 83% of patients with cancer‐associated DM. In addition to older age and male sex, cancer was associated with antibodies to NXP‐2 or TIF‐1γ on multivariate analysis (odds ratio 3.78 [95% confidence interval 1.33–10.8]). Stratification by sex revealed that anti–NXP‐2 was specifically associated with cancer in males (odds ratio 5.78 [95% confidence interval 1.35–24.7]).

Conclusion

These studies demonstrate that anti–NXP‐2 and anti–TIF‐1γ antibodies are frequent DM specificities (found in 55% of patients) and are present in most patients with cancer‐associated DM.