bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Treatment Satisfaction Among People Living with HIV in Japan and Other Selected Countries: Examination of the Intertwined Roles of Medication, Patient, and Provider Characteristics
Authors: Koga Ichiro , Wakatabe Rumi , Okamoto Noriko , Sasai Asuka , Kambara Keita , Maldonado Andres , de los Rios Patricia , Okoli Chinyere
Published: December 2021

We examined satisfaction and perceived challenges with antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Japan vs three other Asian countries (China, Taiwan, South Korea), and 21 non-Asian countries, using data from the 2019 Positive Perspectives Study (pooled sample size from all 25 countries = 2389). Participants in other Asian countries were more likely than those in Japan to report they missed ART ≥ 1 time in the past month because they were depressed/overwhelmed (57.4%[89/155] vs 32.0%[24/75]), had privacy concerns (56.8%[88/155] vs 30.7%[23/75]), were concerned about the potential long-term negative impacts of ART (46.5%[72/155] vs 26.7%[20/75]), or just wanted to forget about HIV (45.8%[71/155] vs 22.7%[17/75]). ART satisfaction however did not differ significantly between surveyed PLHIV in Japan (54.7%[41/75]) vs those in other Asian countries (47.7%[74/155]). The percentage who felt that daily ART dosing limited their lives was 36.0%[27/75] among participants from Japan, 48.4%[75/155] among participants from other Asian countries, and 27.3%[589/2159] among those from non-Asian countries. Within a structural equation model using pooled data from all 25 countries, positive correlations were seen between ART satisfaction and “provider engagement” (β = 0.35), high perceived control over ART dosing schedule (β = 0.28), and the belief that ART prevents HIV transmission (β = 0.16). Conversely, negative correlations were seen between ART satisfaction and experience of ART side-effects (β = − 0.24), high “ART anxiety” (β = − 0.20); and being on multi-tablet regimens (β = − 0.13). Those ART-satisfied reported higher self-rated health and greater ART adherence. These findings underscore the need for patient-centered care to enhance treatment satisfaction and improve ART adherence.
Bringing Smart Home Technology to Peer-to-Peer Accommodation: Exploring the Drivers of Intention to Stay in Smart Accommodation
Authors: Papagiannidis Savvas , Davlembayeva Dinara
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 has caused disruptions in the sharing economy for both platforms and owners, who are typically micro-businesses. Lower demand and ample supply means that users have a great deal of choice. Finding ways for properties to differentiate themselves has been a pressing need. Against this background, this paper pursued two objectives: firstly to explore the perceived functional and emotional value of smart accommodation and the factors contributing to this by adopting the Theory of Consumption Values, and secondly to examine the role of perceived value in driving intention to stay in smart accommodation in the future. 430 responses were collected to analyse the relationships among antecedents, value and intention. The results showed that the functional value of smart accommodation is associated with the perception that such accommodation represents good value for the price, smart devices are useful, they can enhance control of stay experiences, and there are resources and opportunities facilitating the use of technology. Emotional value is determined by the perception that staying in smart accommodation represents sustainable behaviour, the integration of smart home technologies offers control over the stay experience, improves the entertainment experience, aesthetics and playfulness of using technology. Emotional values are inhibited by the perception of surveillance in smart accommodation. Also, the study offers evidence of the correlation of intention with functional and emotional value. The evidence contributes to the literature by explaining the potential implications of innovative technologies for business recovery in the post-pandemic reality, exploring the applications of smart technologies in delivering tourism services, and identifying the factors in the adoption of smart homes in the hospitality sector. The findings provide practical implications for facilitating the applications of innovative technology and its adoption in home and non-home environments.
The Differentiation of Narrative Styles in Individuals with High Psychopathic Deviate
Authors: Gawda Barbara
Published: December 2021

The current study was designed to show the differentiation of narrative styles in individuals with high scores in Psychopathic deviate (Pd) scale and develop a method enabling identification of psychopathic personality traits based on linguistic indicators. 600 spontaneous narrations related to emotional topics have been examined for grammar, syntactic, and lexical indicators. The indicators have been selected based on a review related to language of psychopaths. The narrations were written by 200 persons who were also tested for psychopathic deviate and intelligence level, including prisoners diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. Independent judges identified the linguistic indicators which were then counted for each person with the use of computer software. The configuration profiles of the linguistic indicators/narrative styles were established using k-mean clustering method. Then, ANOVA was performed to show which clusters differentiate the levels of psychopathic deviate. The findings show there are two configurations of language features (important: single features were not examined) associated with high levels of psychopathic deviate patterns. Two narrative styles were identified, labelled demonstrative-digressive-egocentric-emotional-dogmatic and reserved-focused on the topic-repetitive, which indicate high psychopathic deviate traits. The ROC curves were applied to establish the prediction of the narrative styles for high psychopathic deviate scores.
A Lie group variational integration approach to the full discretization of a constrained geometrically exact Cosserat beam model
Authors: Hante Stefan , Tumiotto Denise , Arnold Martin
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we will consider a geometrically exact Cosserat beam model taking into account the industrial challenges. The beam is represented by a framed curve, which we parametrize in the configuration space $\mathbb{S}^{3}\ltimes \mathbb{R}^{3}$

S
3

⋉

R
3

with semi-direct product Lie group structure, where $\mathbb{S}^{3}$

S
3

is the set of unit quaternions. Velocities and angular velocities with respect to the body-fixed frame are given as the velocity vector of the configuration. We introduce internal constraints, where the rigid cross sections have to remain perpendicular to the center line to reduce the full Cosserat beam model to a Kirchhoff beam model. We derive the equations of motion by Hamilton’s principle with an augmented Lagrangian. In order to fully discretize the beam model in space and time, we only consider piecewise interpolated configurations in the variational principle. This leads, after approximating the action integral with second order, to the discrete equations of motion. Here, it is notable that we allow the Lagrange multipliers to be discontinuous in time in order to respect the derivatives of the constraint equations, also known as hidden constraints. In the last part, we will test our numerical scheme on two benchmark problems that show that there is no shear locking observable in the discretized beam model and that the errors are observed to decrease with second order with the spatial step size and the time step size.
Die „Fit im Nordwesten“-Toolbox
Authors: Peters Manuela , Ratz Tiara , Muellmann Saskia , Meyer Jochen , von Holdt Kai , Voelcker-Rehage Claudia , Lippke Sonia , Pischke Claudia R.
Published: December 2021

Hintergrund

Regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität ist von zentraler Bedeutung für gesundes Altern. Allerdings halten in Deutschland weniger als ein Viertel der ab 65-Jährigen die Aktivitätsempfehlungen der Weltgesundheitsorganisation ein.

Ziel der Arbeit

In zwei Studienphasen (PROMOTE I und II) wurden web- und print-basierte Programme zur Förderung körperlicher Aktivität älterer Erwachsener ab 60 Jahren entwickelt und mittels randomisierter Interventionsstudien analysiert und evaluiert. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die daraus resultierenden Empfehlungen und Materialien, die im Rahmen einer Toolbox für Anbieter:innen von Bewegungsprogrammen im kommunalen Setting angeboten werden, vorzustellen.

Material und Methoden

Insgesamt erhielten 651 Personen über 10 Wochen Zugang zu der web- oder print-basierten „Fit im Nordwesten“-Bewegungsintervention. In der zweiten Studienphase (PROMOTE II) wurde das Programm mithilfe eines partizipativen Ansatzes an bisher inaktive Ältere angepasst. Die Zufriedenheit mit der Intervention und die Effektivität hinsichtlich des Bewegungsverhaltens wurden wissenschaftlich evaluiert.

Ergebnisse

Die „Fit im Nordwesten“-Toolbox umfasst theoriebasierte, praxisrelevante und wissenschaftlich evaluierte Handlungsempfehlungen für die Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität älterer Erwachsener ab 60 Jahren. Die bereitgestellten Dokumentensets enthalten Materialien für 1) die Vor- und Nachbereitung, 2) die Durchführung eines zehnwöchigen Bewegungsprogramms, 3) die langfristige Aufrechterhaltung des Bewegungsverhaltens und 4) die Begleitung für Theorie und Praxis.

Schlussfolgerung

Bisher existierten kaum wissenschaftlich evaluierte Materialien für die praktische Nutzung in der Bewegungsförderung. Die „Fit im Nordwesten“-Toolbox kann die zukünftige Anwendung in Bewegungsprogrammen für ältere Erwachsene unterstützen.
Längeres Arbeitslosengeld in der Krise? Covid-19 und die angemessene maximale Bezugsdauer
Authors: Osiander Christopher , Senghaas Monika , Stephan Gesine , Struck Olaf
Published: December 2021

Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Frage, welche Bezugsdauern des Arbeitslosengeldes für welche Personengruppen als angemessen betrachtet werden und ob sich diese Einschätzungen während der Covid-19-Pandemie verändert haben. Längere Bezugsdauern können die Einkommenssituation der Betroffenen stabilisieren und die Suche nach einer qualifikationsadäquaten oder besser entlohnten Stelle unterstützen. Längere Zahlungen mindern aber auch den Druck zur Arbeitsaufnahme, wodurch die Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit zunimmt. Verändern Menschen Abwägungen zwischen individuellem Bedarf, Leistung und gesellschaftlicher Effizienz in der gesundheitlichen und ökonomischen Krise? Wir untersuchen mithilfe von Daten aus Onlinebefragungen im November 2019 und in der Krise im Mai 2020, welche Bezugsdauern (zumeist) Erwerbstätige für angemessen erachten. Dazu wurden den Teilnehmenden Vignetten mit Beschreibungen hypothetischer Arbeitsloser vorgelegt, deren Charakteristika zufällig variieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass dieselben Befragten vor und während der Krise sehr ähnliche Bezugsdauern für angemessen halten. Dabei beziehen sie bei der Bemessung der Bezugsdauer für Arbeitslose neben Beitragsprinzipien auch Kriterien der Bedürftigkeit mit ein. So beeinflussen Merkmale wie etwa das Alter der Arbeitslosen, ihr eigenes (Nicht‑)Verschulden, ihre Lebensleistungen oder die Länge ihrer Beitragszahlungen das Urteil, welche Dauer des Leistungsbezugs als angemessen angesehen wird.
Eras of Digital Entrepreneurship
Authors: Kollmann Tobias , Kleine-Stegemann Lucas , de Cruppe Katharina , Then-Bergh Christina
Published: December 2021

While recent research continues to emphasize the importance of digital entrepreneurship, the historical terminology of this field is often overlooked. Digital entrepreneurship tends to be considered a new phenomenon despite emerging in the early 1990s. Building on a scoping literature review, this study analyzes 1354 publications that use nine different terms interchangeably to describe the phenomenon of digital entrepreneurship. Based on the number of publications per year, three eras in the historical development of digital entrepreneurship research are outlined. Digital technologies are identified as external enablers, and certain practical events are considered to be influencing factors. The results show that recent research has not adequately recognized the contributions of previous publications and that the understanding of digital entrepreneurship is quite similar with regard to the terms used and over time. This study shows how emerging digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and big data analytics, might shape the future of digital entrepreneurship research. The study occupies the intersection between entrepreneurship and information systems literature and its main contribution is to provide new insights into the eras of digital entrepreneurship from the past to the present and into the future.
Flavonoids against non-physiologic inflammation attributed to cancer initiation, development, and progression—3PM pathways
Authors: Kubatka Peter , Mazurakova Alena , Samec Marek , Koklesova Lenka , Zhai Kevin , AL-Ishaq Raghad , Kajo Karol , Biringer Kamil , Vybohova Desanka , Brockmueller Aranka , Pec Martin , Shakibaei Mehdi , Giordano Frank A. , Büsselberg Dietrich , Golubnitschaja Olga
Published: December 2021

Inflammation is an essential pillar of the immune defense. On the other hand, chronic inflammation is considered a hallmark of cancer initiation and progression. Chronic inflammation demonstrates a potential to induce complex changes at molecular, cellular, and organ levels including but not restricted to the stagnation and impairment of healing processes, uncontrolled production of aggressive ROS/RNS, triggered DNA mutations and damage, compromised efficacy of the DNA repair machinery, significantly upregulated cytokine/chemokine release and associated patho-physiologic protein synthesis, activated signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, abnormal tissue remodeling, and created pre-metastatic niches, among others. The anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids demonstrate clinically relevant potential as preventive and therapeutic agents to improve individual outcomes in diseases linked to the low-grade systemic and chronic inflammation, including cancers. To this end, flavonoids are potent modulators of pro-inflammatory gene expression being, therefore, of great interest as agents selectively suppressing molecular targets within pro-inflammatory pathways. This paper provides in-depth analysis of anti-inflammatory properties of flavonoids, highlights corresponding mechanisms and targeted molecular pathways, and proposes potential treatment models for multi-level cancer prevention in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM / 3PM). To this end, individualized profiling and patient stratification are essential for implementing targeted anti-inflammatory approaches. Most prominent examples are presented for the proposed application of flavonoid-conducted anti-inflammatory treatments in overall cancer management.
Determination of clay minerals using gamma ray spectroscopy for the Zubair Formation in Southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Jafar Methaq K. , Al-Jaberi Mohanad H.
Published: December 2021

Sandstone oil reserves are composed of a variety of clay minerals, including kaolinite, illite, and chlorite. These clay minerals have a significant effect of reservoir quality. The upper sandstone member (USS) of Zubair Formation is the most plentiful reservoir of the field and it’s part of a large anticline that belongs to an enormous clastic sandstone formation, from the Lower Cretaceous period. A spectral gamma-ray (SGR) log was used to identify the type of clay minerals, depositional environment, and the relationship between total organic matter with uranium concentration. SGR log indicated that USS is composed mainly of chlorite, smectite, and illite clay minerals with the presence of kaolinite as a dominant clay mineral component. Th/U ratio varies between 2.55 and 8.52 and 1.11 to 11.68 in the north and south parts of the field, respectively. The USS had a fluvially dominated, sand-rich deltaic environment based on the Th/U ratio. Furthermore, Th/K cross-plot was found that the south part was more affected by illite compared with the north part, although the presence of kaolinite.
A new green revolution or agribusiness as usual? Uncovering alignment issues and potential transition complications in agri-food system transitions
Authors: Wojtynia Niko , van Dijk Jerry , Derks Marjolein , Groot Koerkamp Peter W. G. , Hekkert Marko P.
Published: December 2021

Agri-food system transitions are a considerable challenge requiring stakeholder alignment on what changes need to be made and how. When stakeholders do not agree on the goals or methods of a transition, this can be a serious obstacle to success. This paper analyzes 42 vision documents for the future of Dutch agriculture from a broad range of stakeholders to determine stakeholder alignment using an inductive coding approach. We identified 23 issues as the main challenges for the transition in these documents. We are the first to categorize them according to a recently proposed problem-solution space for wicked problems. Stakeholders were fully aligned in recognizing the problem for the majority of issues, but showed agreement on solutions for less than a quarter. For the issues of international orientation, sector size, and farm business models, we found a lack of consensus on the problem, indicating fundamental disagreement about the type of agricultural sector desired by stakeholders. The apparent consensus on environmental and social issues provides clear societal expectations for agronomic development and innovation, while the divergence on economic issues highlights the rift between growth-oriented paradigms and more holistic paradigms like agroecology. The crucial empirical novelty of this paper is that progress on environmental and social matters is restricted by divergent views on the economic characteristics of a future agri-food system, adding further complexity to mission-oriented transition and innovation policies.
Directional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Based on Step-Wise Asymmetric Conductive Networks
Authors: Xue Bai , Li Yi , Cheng Ziling , Yang Shengdu , Xie Lan , Qin Shuhao , Zheng Qiang
Published: December 2021

Some precision electronics such as signal transmitters need to not only emit effective signal but also be protected from the external electromagnetic (EM) waves. Thus, directional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials (i.e., when the EM wave is incident from different sides of the sample, the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) is rather different) are strongly required; unfortunately, no comprehensive literature report is available on this research field. Herein, Ni-coated melamine foams (Ni@MF) were obtained by a facile electroless plating process, and multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) papers were prepared via a simple vacuum-assisted self-assembly approach. Then, step-wise asymmetric poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) composites consisting of loose Ni@MF layer and compact CNT layer were successfully fabricated via a facile solution encapsulation approach. The step-wise asymmetric structures and electrical conductivity endow the Ni@MF/CNT/PBAT composites with unprecedented directional EMI shielding performances. When the EM wave is incident from Ni@MF layer or CNT layer, Ni@MF-5/CNT-75/PBAT exhibits the total EMI SE (SET) of 38.3 and 29.5 dB, respectively, which illustrates the ΔSET of 8.8 dB. This work opens a new research window for directional EMI shielding composites with step-wise asymmetric structures, which has promising applications in portable electronics and next-generation communication technologies.
Air-Stable Ultrabright Inverted Organic Light-Emitting Devices with Metal Ion-Chelated Polymer Injection Layer
Authors: Liu Shihao , Zang Chunxiu , Zhang Jiaming , Tian Shuang , Wu Yan , Shen Dong , Zhang Letian , Xie Wenfa , Lee Chun-Sing
Published: December 2021

Here, this work presents an air-stable ultrabright inverted organic light-emitting device (OLED) by using zinc ion-chelated polyethylenimine (PEI) as electron injection layer. The zinc chelation is demonstrated to increase the conductivity of the PEI by three orders of magnitude and passivate the polar amine groups. With these physicochemical properties, the inverted OLED shows a record-high external quantum efficiency of 10.0% at a high brightness of 45,610 cd m−2 and can deliver a maximum brightness of 121,865 cd m−2. Besides, the inverted OLED is also demonstrated to possess an excellent air stability (humidity, 35%) with a half-brightness operating time of 541 h @ 1000 cd m−2 without any protection nor encapsulation.
Electrostatic Field Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion on BiVO4 Nanowires
Authors: Yue Shuai , Chen Lu , Zhang Manke , Liu Zhe , Chen Tao , Xie Mingzheng , Cao Zhen , Han Weihua
Published: December 2021

The recombination loss of photo-carriers in photocatalytic systems fatally determines the energy conversion efficiency of photocatalysts. In this work, an electrostatic field was used to inhibit the recombination of photo-carriers in photocatalysts by separating photo-holes and photo-electrons in space. As a model structure, (010) facet-exposed BiVO4 nanowires were grown on PDMS-insulated piezo-substrate of piezoelectric transducer (PZT). The PZT substrate will generate an electrostatic field under a certain stress, and the photocatalytic behavior of BiVO4 nanowires is influenced by the electrostatic field. Our results showed that the photocatalytic performance of the BiVO4 nanowires in CO2 reduction in the negative electrostatic field is enhanced to 5.5-fold of that without electrostatic field. Moreover, the concentration of methane in the products was raised from 29% to 64%. The enhanced CO2 reduction efficiency is mainly attributed to the inhibited recombination loss of photo-carriers in the BiVO4 nanowires. The increased energy of photo-carriers and the enhanced surface absorption to polar molecules, which are CO in this case, were also play important roles in improving the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst and product selectivity. This work proposed an effective strategy to improve photo-carriers separation/transfer dynamics in the photocatalytic systems, which will also be a favorable reference for photovoltaic and photodetecting devices.
Challenges and opportunities of gravitational-wave searches at MHz to GHz frequencies
Authors: Aggarwal Nancy , Aguiar Odylio D. , Bauswein Andreas , Cella Giancarlo , Clesse Sebastian , Cruise Adrian Michael , Domcke Valerie , Figueroa Daniel G. , Geraci Andrew , Goryachev Maxim , Grote Hartmut , Hindmarsh Mark , Muia Francesco , Mukund Nikhil , Ottaway David , Peloso Marco , Quevedo Fernando , Ricciardone Angelo , Steinlechner Jessica , Steinlechner Sebastian , Sun Sichun , Tobar Michael E. , Torrenti Francisco , Ünal Caner , White Graham
Published: December 2021

The first direct measurement of gravitational waves by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations has opened up new avenues to explore our Universe. This white paper outlines the challenges and gains expected in gravitational-wave searches at frequencies above the LIGO/Virgo band, with a particular focus on Ultra High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (UHF-GWs), covering the MHz to GHz range. The absence of known astrophysical sources in this frequency range provides a unique opportunity to discover physics beyond the Standard Model operating both in the early and late Universe, and we highlight some of the most promising gravitational sources. We review several detector concepts that have been proposed to take up this challenge, and compare their expected sensitivity with the signal strength predicted in various models. This report is the summary of the workshop “Challenges and opportunities of high-frequency gravitational wave detection” held at ICTP Trieste, Italy in October 2019, that set up the stage for the recently launched Ultra-High-Frequency Gravitational Wave (UHF-GW) initiative.
Microfinance towards micro-enterprises development in rural Malaysia through digital finance
Authors: Jalil Muhammad Farhan
Published: December 2021

Microfinance is critical for the development of micro-enterprises and alleviating poverty. However, micro-enterprises are able to get microfinance services, they would face a variety of obstacles, due to the misunderstandings among many stakeholders, microfinance has not acquired widespread acceptance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate microfinance's impact on the sustainable development of Malaysia’s rural micro-enterprises. Besides, digital finance is integrated into the conceptual model to further investigate their mediating impact. Data was collected from 563 rural micro-enterprises using structured questionnaires, which were then statistically analyzed using AMOS-21. The findings of the study reveal that microfinance has a positive substantial influence on rural micro-enterprises development. Moreover, digital finance partially mediates the relationship. Thus, the study concludes that microfinance institutions are needed to adopt digital finance to enhance micro enterprises’ productivity through low transaction costs. The findings of the study can be useful to policymakers in the micro-enterprise sector who have a long-term vision and expect the sector to develop steadily. The study also provides scope and space for future academics and scholars to conduct further research.
Blockchain Governance Challenges: Beyond Libertarianism
Authors: Korhonen Outi , Rantala Juho
Published: December 2021

This essay considers the ideological context of blockchain technology. This technology is often celebrated for its potential for decentralization, distribution, privacy, and a lack of intermediaries and coordinators for transactions and general governance. Because of these features, blockchain technology, and, in particular, its most famous inauguration—the bitcoin blockchain—is frequently identified with libertarianism. In this essay, we argue that the ideological context of blockchain technology is much more complicated. In addition to unraveling a number of background ideologies and their role in this technology, we raise the ontological issue concerning the relationship of ideology to technology. These matters have implications for, among other things, the approach that should be taken to blockchain's governance, as well as how international lawyers may approach this “foreign”-seeming phenomenon that has its proponents from the European Central Bank to the United Nations (not, however, forgetting the private sector nor the digital underground).
Economic Change and Occultic Sika Bone: Market Women’s Responses to Increased Financialization in Ghana
Authors: Salifu Jovia
Published: December 2021

Set in a context where material accumulation is valorized, this article analyzes narratives of sika bone (bad money) as expressions of economic uncertainty by market women operating in an era of increased financialization. The ethnographic evidence supports previous arguments about the impact of economic change in this millennium, a change that fosters both rationality and superstition in equal measure. Salifu proposes that sika bone indicates a sense of uncertainty fostered by economic change in the supply of cash and formal credit, a sentiment that is expressed by applying old notions about occultic means of accumulation to new and equally enigmatic circumstances.
THE HAN RIVER AS THE CENTRAL AXIS AND THE PREDOMINANCE OF WATER: QUESTIONING THE CLAIM OF “NO CHU-RELATED TRAITS” IN THE VIEW OF TERRESTRIAL SPACE IN THE RONG CHENG SHI MANUSCRIPT (FOURTH CENTURY B.C.E)
Authors: Dorofeeva-Lichtmann Vera
Published: December 2021

The description of the “Nine Provinces” (Jiu zhou 九州) found in the Rong Cheng shi 容成氏 (Mister Rong Cheng?, late fourth century b.c.e.) manuscript from the Shanghai Museum Bamboo Slips Collection (Shangbo cangjian 上博藏簡) is the only manuscript version of it known to date. Its discovery immediately raised the question of its relation to the cluster of descriptions on the “Nine Provinces” transmitted from the late Warring States to the early Western Han periods. There is general consensus that the manuscript description of the “Nine Provinces” has close affinity with the transmitted descriptions, as well as with a wide spectrum of transmitted early Chinese texts in general. It is distinguished by the eclectic combining of known spatial concepts, rather than manifesting any radically new or specifically Chu traits. In this study I reassess this impression with respect to the reference to the Han River in the manuscript, which up to now has been noted only in passing as an unsolved puzzle. I argue that the Han River is referred to here as the central axis that divides terrestrial space into southern and northern halves, something that implies a shifting of the mapped area to the South and thus conveys a Chu view of space. Together with philological analysis of the descriptions of terrestrial space, I apply an innovative method of investigation of these descriptions through landmarks, using as a visual aid traditional Chinese historical maps. In addition, I explore the predominance of waters as the distinguishing feature of the representation of terrestrial space in the Rong Cheng shi manuscript and demonstrate its difference from the structuring of terrestrial space proceeding from mountains to waterways to be seen in the majority of transmitted early Chinese texts.
DECORATED MODELS, REPLICATION, AND ASSEMBLY LINES FOR BRONZE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN 500 b.c.e. CHINA
Authors: Li Kin Sum (Sammy) , Wang Quanyu , Wilson J. Keith , Zhang Fan Jeremy , Cheung Jody Ho Yee , Chun Tsz Hin , Lam Sum , Pang Mingyong , Xie Haoran , Wei Mingqiang , Lee Kin San
Published: December 2021

This article examines the earliest examples of replication of bronze objects of complicated structure in China. It uses four quadrupeds from the Freer Gallery (National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution), the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, the British Museum, and the Yūrinkan Museum in Kyōto as examples to illustrate the complex technology required in replicating bronzes. It provides evidence to define identical bronzes and proves that the four quadrupeds shared the same decorated model. The application of section-mold casting, spacers, clay cores, and mold section assemblage will be examined using 3D scanning, X-ray photography, computerized tomography (CT) scanning, and alloy composition analysis.
Numerical investigation of semifilled-pipe flow
Authors: Brosda Julian , Manhart Michael
Published: December 2021

This study describes turbulent flow in a semifilled pipe with a focus on its secondary currents. To the authors’ knowledge, we provide the first highly resolved data-set for semifilled-pipe flow using direct numerical simulation. The flow parameters range from$Re_\tau =115$, just maintaining turbulence, to moderate turbulent flow at$Re_\tau =460$. Some of the main flow characteristics are in line with previously published results from experiments, such as the velocity-dip phenomenon, the main secondary flow and the qualitative distribution of the Reynolds stresses in the core of the flow. We observe some flow phenomena which have not yet been reported in the literature so far for this type of flow. Among those is the inner secondary cell in the mixed corner between the free surface and the pipe's wall, which plays a major role in the distribution of the wall shear stress along the perimeter. We observe that the position and extension of the inner vortex scale with the wall shear stress and those of the outer vortex scale with outer variables. For the first time, we present and discuss distributions of the complete Reynolds stress tensor and its anisotropy which gives rise to the generation of mean streamwise vorticity in a small region in the mixed corners of the pipe. Mean secondary kinetic energy, however, is generated at the free surface around the stagnation point between the inner and outer vortices. This generation mechanism is in line with a vortex dynamics mechanism proposed in the literature.
Facebook with money: the rise of online brokerage platforms and vulnerable groups
Authors: Gáspár-Szilágyi Szilárd , Pearson Abigail
Published: December 2021

The recent advances in information technology now allow millions of people to trade and invest in an array of financial assets with the help of online brokerage platforms. This allows retail investors to have more control over their own financial well-being, arguably a positive development. Nevertheless, trading and investing with real money comes with serious risks, especially for vulnerable people. The current UK framework for the regulation of online trading in financial assets overlooks vulnerable groups, such as children, disabled adults, and vulnerable women. By drawing a parallel between online gambling and online trading, the negative effects of online trading can be minimised. The UK regulatory and policy framework surrounding online gambling could provide valuable solutions to tackle the existing lacunae in the protection of vulnerable groups in the online trading environment.
The law of fixtures and chattels: recalibration, rationalisation and reform
Authors: Bevan Chris
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the law of fixtures and chattels which governs the circumstances in which items of personal property that are attached to land become part of that land. Whether a chattel has become a fixture is crucial in a range of contexts including when land is sold or mortgaged. However, the law of fixtures has long garnered a reputation for complexity and obscurity; a position that endures today. Through examination of historical accounts and decided case law, this paper explores the reasons for this reputation; identifies the central deficiencies and defects inherent in the law and argues that the existing approach is anachronistic, inconsistent and incoherent. Building on this, the paper concludes by proposing a new framework for rationalisation and reform which would bring long-overdue certainty and clarity to the law in this area.
The effects of state coercion on voting outcome in protest movements: a causal forest approach
Authors: Yin Weiwen , Huo Weidong , Lin Danyang
Published: December 2021

In this research note, we examine how Hong Kong voters respond to police violence in the recent social movement. We use causal forests, a machine learning algorithm, to estimate the impact of tear gas usage specific to each constituency. Based on the 2019 District Council Election outcome, we find that there is heterogeneity in the effect of state coercion on the vote share of pro-democracy candidates, depending on many socioeconomic characteristics of the constituency. The results imply that economic concerns still matter in the struggle to obtain democracy: citizens who sense economic insecurity in social unrest show less disapproval of state violence.
The effect of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on body composition, complete blood count, prothrombin time, inflammation and liver function in haemophilic adolescents
Authors: Mahdavi Atena , Mohammadi Hamed , Bagherniya Mohammad , Foshati Sahar , Clark Cain C. T. , Moafi Alireza , Elyasi Mahshid , Rouhani Mohammad Hossein
Published: December 2021

There is no dietary strategy that has yet been specifically advocated for haemophilia. Therefore, we sought to assess the effect of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in adolescents with haemophilia. In this parallel trial, forty male adolescents with haemophilia were dichotomised into the DASH group or control group for 10 weeks. The serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, complete blood count (CBC), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), waist circumference (WC), percentage of body fat, fat-free mass and liver steatosis were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Serum vitamin C was measured as a biomarker of compliance with the DASH diet. The DASH diet was designed to include high amounts of whole grains, fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products, as well as low amounts of saturated fats, cholesterol, refined grains, sweets and red meat. Serum vitamin C in the DASH group was significantly increased compared with the control (P = 0·001). There was a significant reduction in WC (P = 0·005), fat mass (P = 0·006), hepatic fibrosis (P = 0·02) and PTT (P = 0·008) in the DASH group, compared with the control. However, there were no significant differences regarding other selected outcomes between groups. Patients in the DASH group had significantly greater increase in the levels of erythrocyte, Hb and haematocrit, as compared with the control. Adherence to the DASH diet in children with haemophilia yielded significant beneficial effects on body composition, CBC, inflammation and liver function.
How Do Violent Politicians Govern? The Case of Paramilitary-Tied Mayors in Colombia
Authors: Daly Sarah Zukerman
Published: December 2021

How do politicians with coercive linkages govern? This article relies on original data on militia-linked mayors in Colombia from 1988 to 2015 derived from 42,000 pages of Colombian Supreme Court sentencing documents. Using a regression discontinuity design, it examines the governance records of militia-tied mayors who won the elections by a narrow margin. It finds that being ruled by a militia-linked mayor significantly reduces levels of insecurity and crime, but has pernicious effects on the provision of other public goods, especially education. I theorize that these politicians' (perverse) comparative advantage on security, combined with their crowding out of social spending, engenders these outcomes. I evaluate these mechanisms with data on the nature of paramilitary–mayor alliances, police reinforcements, municipal budgets, politicians' Twitter feeds, and in-depth interviews with paramilitary commanders and politicians. The article has implications for understanding the effects of voting for politicians with coercive ties on the quality of governance and democracy.
The “Perfect Map” of Widow Hiamtse: A Micro-Spatial History of Sugar Plantations in Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1685–1710
Authors: Xu Guanmian
Published: December 2021

Not all early modern sugar plantations were in the Atlantic World. Indeed, far away from it, in the rural space surrounding the Dutch headquarters in Asia (the Ommelanden of Batavia (Jakarta)), over a hundred of them were thriving by the end of the seventeenth century. Together, they constituted a unique plantation society that followed Dutch land law, was operated by Javanese rural labour, and was managed by Chinese sugar entrepreneurs. Through archival work on a certain “perfect map” that belonged to a Chinese widow, this article explores how that plantation society took shape on the ground.
Differential repair enzyme-substrate selection within dynamic DNA energy landscapes
Authors: Völker J. , Breslauer K. J.
Published: December 2021

We demonstrate that reshaping of the dynamic, bulged-loop energy landscape of DNA triplet repeat ensembles by the presence of an abasic site alters repair outcomes by the APE1 enzyme. This phenomenon depends on the structural context of the lesion, despite the abasic site always having the same neighbors in sequence space. We employ this lesion-induced redistribution of DNA states and a kinetic trap to monitor different occupancies of the DNA bulge loop states. We show how such dynamic redistribution and associated differential occupancies of DNA states impact APE1 repair outcomes and APE1 induced interconversions. We correlate the differential biophysical properties of the dynamic, DNA ensemble states, with their ability to be recognized and processed as substrates by the APE1 DNA repair enzyme. Enzymatic digestions and biophysical characterizations reveal that APE1 cuts a fraction (10–12%) of the dynamic, rollameric substrates within the initial kinetic distribution. APE1 interactions also ‘induce’ rollamer redistribution from a kinetically trapped distribution to an equilibrium distribution, the latter not containing viable APE1 substrates. We distinguish between kinetically controlled ensemble (re)distributions of potential DNA substrates, versus thermodynamically controlled ensemble (re)distribution; features of importance to DNA regulation. We conclude that APE1 activity catalyzes/induces ensembles that represent the thermodynamically optimal loop distribution, yet which also are nonviable substrate states for abasic site cleavage by APE1. We propose that by inducing substrate redistributions in a dynamic energy landscape, the enzyme actually reduces the available substrate competent species for it to process, reflective of a regulatory mechanism for enzymatic self-repression. If this is a general phenomenon, such a consequence would have a profound impact on slowing down and/or misdirecting DNA repair within dynamic energy landscapes, as exemplified here within triplet repeat domains. In short, APE1-instigated redistribution of potential substrates induces a preferred pathway to an equilibrium ensemble of enzymatically incompetent states.
How Much Choice is Enough? Parental Satisfaction with Secondary School Choice in England and Scotland
Authors: BHATTACHARYA AVEEK
Published: December 2021

Governments around the world have sought to promote school choice, not just in order to improve educational outcomes, but also because such choice is believed to be intrinsically valuable: parents are believed to want to choice and to feel empowered by it. This article empirically evaluates the intrinsic value of school choice, comparing the attitudes and experiences of parents in England (where expanding choice is an explicit policy goal) and Scotland (where policymakers tend to play down choice), combining an online survey with in-depth interviews. While the overwhelming majority of parents in both countries express a desire for some school choice, only a minority want choice primarily for intrinsic reasons. Rather, most believe it is necessary to avoid negative outcomes for their children. Moreover, while parents in England tend to say they have more choice than their Scottish counterparts, they are no more satisfied with the level of choice that they have. Indeed, they tend to be more cynical, fatalistic and disempowered. Based on the British experience, school choice policies have not been successful in promoting intrinsic value.
Application of 3D face recognition in the access control system
Authors: Le Quoc Dien , Vu Tran Thanh Cong , Vo Tuong Quan
Published: December 2021

Over the years, face recognition has been the research topic that has attracted many researchers around the world. One of the most significant applications of face recognition is the access control system. The access control system allows authorized persons to enter or exit certain or restricted areas. As a result, it will increase the security situation without over-investment in staff security. The access information can be the identification, time, and location, etc. It can be used to carry out human resource management tasks such as attendance and inspection of employees in a more fair and transparent manner. Although face recognition has been widely used in access control systems because of its better accuracy and convenience without requiring too much user cooperation, the 2D-based face recognition systems also retain many limitations due to the variations in pose and illumination. By analyzing facial geometries, 3D facial recognition systems can theoretically overcome the disadvantages of prior 2D methods and improve robustness in different working conditions. In this paper, we propose the 3D facial recognition algorithm for use in an access control system. The proposed algorithm includes the preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification stages. The application of the proposed access control system is the automatic sliding door, the controller of the system, the web-based monitoring, control, and storage of data.
The Harm Principle and the Nature of Harm
Authors: Folland Anna
Published: December 2021

This article defends the Harm Principle, commonly attributed to John Stuart Mill, against recent criticism. Some philosophers think that this principle should be rejected, because of severe difficulties with finding an account of harm to plug into it. I examine the criticism and find it unforceful. Finally, I identify a faulty assumption behind this type of criticism, namely that the Harm Principle is plausible only if there is a full-blown, and problem-free, account of harm, which proponents of the principle can refer to.
Empirically-identified subgroups of children with autism spectrum disorder and their response to two types of cognitive behavioral therapy
Authors: Cho Anchuen , Wood Jeffrey J. , Ferrer Emilio , Rosenau Kashia , Storch Eric A. , Kendall Philip C.
Published: December 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is heterogeneous and likely entails distinct phenotypes with varying etiologies. Identifying these subgroups may contribute to hypotheses about differential treatment responses. The present study aimed to discern subgroups among children with ASD and anxiety in context of the five-factor model of personality (FFM) and evaluate treatment response differences to two cognitive-behavioral therapy treatments. The present study is a secondary data analysis of children with ASD and anxiety (N=202; ages 7–13; 20.8% female) in a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) randomized controlled trial (Wood et al., 2020). Subgroups were identified via latent profile analysis of parent-reported FFM data. Treatment groups included standard-of-practice CBT (CC), designed for children with anxiety, and adapted CBT (BIACA), designed for children with ASD and comorbid anxiety. Five subgroups with distinct profiles were extracted. Analysis of covariance revealed CBT response was contingent on subgroup membership. Two subgroups responded better to BIACA on the primary outcome measure and a third responded better to BIACA on a peer-social adaptation measure, while a fourth subgroup responded better to CC on a school-related adaptation measure. These findings suggest that the FFM may be useful in empirically identifying subgroups of children with ASD, which could inform intervention selection decisions for children with ASD and anxiety.
‘Change the Heart, and the Work Will Be Changed’: Pius XII's Papal Blueprints for Europe
Authors: Lanting Dorien , Palm Trineke
Published: December 2021

This article examines the role of emotions in papal discourse about European integration. Expanding on the ‘emotional turn’ in history, it develops an analytic framework to study emotional valence in constructing the past and future. Analysing Pope Pius XII's three major post-war encyclicals (Communium Interpretes Dolorum,Fulgens RadiaturandSummi Maeroris), this article shows how the emotional vocabulary of Pius XII bridges the gap between theology and politics. In particular, it illuminates how Pope Pius XII integrated emotional and religious vocabulary to (re)construct an image of a European past and future.
MOMENTS AND HYBRID SUBCONVEXITY FOR SYMMETRIC-SQUARE L-FUNCTIONS
Authors: Khan Rizwanur , Young Matthew P.
Published: December 2021

We establish sharp bounds for the second moment of symmetric-square L-functions attached to Hecke Maass cusp forms
$u_j$
with spectral parameter
$t_j$
, where the second moment is a sum over
$t_j$
in a short interval. At the central point
$s=1/2$
of the L-function, our interval is smaller than previous known results. More specifically, for
$\left \lvert t_j\right \rvert $
of size T, our interval is of size
$T^{1/5}$
, whereas the previous best was
$T^{1/3}$
, from work of Lam. A little higher up on the critical line, our second moment yields a subconvexity bound for the symmetric-square L-function. More specifically, we get subconvexity at
$s=1/2+it$
provided
$\left \lvert t_j\right \rvert ^{6/7+\delta }\le \lvert t\rvert \le (2-\delta )\left \lvert t_j\right \rvert $
for any fixed
$\delta>0$
. Since
$\lvert t\rvert $
can be taken significantly smaller than
$\left \lvert t_j\right \rvert $
, this may be viewed as an approximation to the notorious subconvexity problem for the symmetric-square L-function in the spectral aspect at
$s=1/2$
.