bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facile Hydrogen‐Bonding Assisted Crystallization Modulation for Large‐area High‐quality CsPbI2Br Films and Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Li Ming‐Hua , Gong Xueyuan , Wang Shuo , Li Liang , Fu Jiaju , Wu Jinpeng , Tan Zhan'ao , Hu Jin‐Song
Published: January 2024

The thermally stable inorganic cesium‐based perovskites promise efficient and stable photovoltaics. Unfortunately, the strong ionic bonds lead to uncontrollable rapid crystallization, making it difficult in fabricating large‐area black‐phase film for photovoltaics. Herein, we developed a facile hydrogen‐bonding assisted strategy for modulating the crystallization of CsPbI2Br to achieve uniform large‐area phase‐pure films with much‐reduced defects. The simple addition of methylamine acetate in precursors not only promotes the formation of intermediate phase via hydrogen bonding to circumvent the direct crystallization of CsPbI2Br from ionic precursors but also widens the film processing window, thus enabling to fabricate large‐area high‐quality phase‐pure CsPbI2Br film under benign conditions. Combining with stable dopant‐free poly(3‐hexylthiophene), the CsPbI2Br solar cells achieve the record‐high efficiencies of 18.14 % and 16.46 % for 0.1 cm2 and 1 cm2 active area, respectively. The obtained high efficiency of 38.24 % under 1000 lux illumination suggests its potential in indoor photovoltaics for powering the Internet of Things, etc.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar‐Chiral Sulfur‐Containing Cyclophanes by Chiral Sulfide Catalyzed Electrophilic Sulfenylation of Arenes
Authors: Zhu Deng , Mu Tong , Li Ze‐Long , Luo Hui‐Yun , Cao Ren‐Fei , Xue Xiao‐Song , Chen Zhi‐Min
Published: January 2024

An efficient catalytic asymmetric electrophilic sulfenylation reaction for the synthesis of planar‐chiral sulfur‐containing cyclophanes has been developed for the first time. This was achieved by using a new Lewis base catalyst and a new ortho‐trifluoromethyl‐substituted sulfenylating reagent. Using the substrates with low rotational energy barrier, the transformation proceeded through a dynamic kinetic resolution, and the high rotational energy barrier of the substrates allowed the reaction to undergo a kinetic resolution process. Meanwhile, this transformation was compatible with a desymmetrization process when the symmetric substrates were used. Various planar‐chiral sulfur‐containing cyclophanes were readily obtained in moderate to excellent yields with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97 % yield and 95 % ee). This approach was used to synthesize pharmaceutically relevant planar‐chiral sulfur‐containing molecules. Density functional theory calculations showed that π‐π interactions between the sulfenyl group and the aromatic ring in the substrate play a crucial role in enantioinduction in this sulfenylation reaction.
Operational process stability in pilot dry anaerobic digester of source‐sorted organic fraction municipal solid waste
Authors: Zainal Afifi , Harun Razif , Yahya Liyana , Idrus Syazwani
Published: January 2024

The organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is a major portion of solid waste in Malaysia, with 44.5% of the total waste being food waste‐derived sources. This study investigates the performance of dry anaerobic digester (DAD) operation using the pilot dry anaerobic digester (PDAD), a plug flow reactor, in treating source‐sorted organic fraction municipal solid waste (SS‐OFMSW) for biogas production. A commercial Malaysian food waste (CMFW) sample has been used to represent SS‐OFMSW. The anaerobic digestion was performed in a semi‐continuous operation using a 15 m3 PDAD with organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from .63 to 5.46 kg volatile solid (VS)/m3·day under mesophilic conditions. The maximum methane composition was achieved at 56.0% at OLR 5.17 kg VS/m3·day with specific methane production (SMP) of .57 m3·CH4/kg VSfed and gas production rate (GPR) 5.27 m3·gas/m3·digester·day. As indicated by a pH and alkalinity ratio, the PDAD system was stable ranging from pH 6.7 to 8.3, alkalinity ratio of .3 with an inclination of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) up to 1056 mg/L. The SMP achieved is between 1.58 and .4 m3·CH4/kg VSfed and potentially to fuelled 475 MW commercial biogas plant fed by CMFW. The DAD deployment strengthened the circular economy and decarbonization initiatives.
Single and hybrid effects of nano‐TiO2 and ‐ZnO particles on multifunctional properties of textiles
Authors: Kara Sukran , Nurlu Tugba , Yavaş Ahmet
Published: January 2024

Impregnation of nano‐metal oxides can provide functional properties to textiles, like UV protection and self‐cleaning properties. These properties are quite important as they can provide protection against UV damage, help to reduce cleaning efforts, improve the ease of maintenance, and help to protect the water resources. The usage of nanoparticles improves multifunctional effects due to their high surface area. Therefore, in this study, nano‐sized TiO2 and ZnO were applied to cotton fabrics as single type or hybrids with different concentrations to reveal their effects on multifunctional properties (UV‐protection, self‐cleaning, wettability, photocatalytic activity). Also, the weight and air permeability of samples were determined to evaluate their usability. Scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were also utilized to analyze the samples. According to the results, some samples exhibited good–very good UV protection. Up to 78.5% photocatalytic degradation of organic dye was achieved by nano‐TiO2 application. According to self‐cleaning test results, nano‐TiO2 applied samples showed yellowing after UV irradiation. Hybrid‐coated samples were more advantageous regarding self‐cleaning, especially against cherry juice stains. The staining and wettability results of the samples were in accordance. Weight and air permeability changes were acceptable to maintain the usage of the samples for clothing and other applications.
Phosphate and nitrogen‐rich polyelectrolyte complex flame retardant treatment for cotton fleece
Authors: Smith Dallin L. , Cotton Sidney M. , Vest Natalie A. , Montemayor Maya D. , Grunlan Jaime C.
Published: January 2024

The soft nap and deep pile that impart comfort and warmth to cotton fleece also amplify its flammability. Using ambient aqueous processing, an environmentally benign polyelectrolyte complex (PEC), consisting of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and sodium hexametaphosphate, was deposited on cotton fleece. This treatment adds only 12.5% weight, reduces peak heat release by 68% and total heat release by 74%, and protects from fire via intumescence. Without treatment, fleece burns aggressively with long afterburn and afterglow times, leaving no residue. With the applied PEC, the fabric self‐extinguishes within a few seconds and exhibits no afterglow. In addition, it withstands at least five simulated laundering cycles in alkaline detergent, maintaining a 57% reduction in fire growth capacity afterward. The original soft surface can be restored to the fleece by manual brushing. This simple and environmentally benign treatment provides an opportunity to effectively protect highly flammable textured cellulosic textiles in a safe way.
Linkage vector autoregressive model
Authors: Asai Manabu , So Mike K. P.
Published: January 2024

To accommodate linkage effects of individuals, we develop a new linkage vector autoregressive (LAR) model for dynamic panel data. A main feature of the LAR model is incorporating dynamic network information in autoregressive time series modeling. The dynamic network can be given, or we can formulate the network links as a function of historical data, where unknown parameters of the function can be estimated from the data. We propose a simulation technique to check the stationarity condition of the LAR model and suggest a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method for estimation. Empirical results for the quarterly growth rates of gross domestic product (GDP) in 45 countries indicate that (i) the autoregressive (AR) coefficient for the aggregated growth rate is hard to distinguish from zero; (ii) a panel AR model with individual effects has a positive autocorrelation; and (iii) the alternative LAR models are preferred to the panel AR model. Depending on the specification of the linkage variables, the sign and size of the linkage effect can differ. The logistic linkage function has a flexible structure to accommodate the size of the linkage of individual GDP growth rates, and it strengthens the dynamics.
Characterization of Manganese Acetate Hydrate Solutions and Their Potential Use for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Tachouaft Chalal , Kahri Hamza , Wang Liwen , Nikiforidis Georgios , Anouti Mérièm
Published: January 2024

While there have been numerous studies on the use of manganese acetate for electrode manufacture, scarce reports exist on the utility of manganese acetate electrolytes for energy storage applications. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the thermal, volumetric, and transport properties of manganese acetate hydrate solutions and highlights their potential for use in energy storage applications. Noteworthy thermal behaviours, phase transitions, and strong interactions between manganese cations, acetate anions, and water molecules are observed. Transport properties reveal salt concentration‘s impact (0.4–3.9 mol L−1) on viscosity and conductivity, with higher concentrations (>2.5 mol L−1) indicating increased interaction. The non‐Arrhenius behaviour in conductivity is elucidated using the Vogel‐Fulcher‐Tammann model, accentuating the unique properties of these solutions compared to other aqueous electrolytes due to the role of acetate ligands. The formulated two‐electrode symmetric supercapacitors exhibit pseudocapacitive behaviour, reversible redox reactions (Mn2+/Mn3+), and salt concentration‐dependent specific capacitance. Manganese acetate as an electrolyte leads to reversible manganese dioxide deposition, with its concentration affecting redox reactions and capacitance. Molecular simulations support the observed electrochemical performance, emphasizing the Mn2+‐acetate complexation. Long‐term cycling experiments demonstrate stability over 2000 cycles, with a stable specific capacitance of 130 F g−1 and a gradual coulombic efficiency decrease (~97 %). The results of this work underscore the potential of manganese acetate hydrate solutions as a stable, effective and green electrolyte for energy storage applications.
Data‐Driven Online Prognosis of Rechargeable Batteries: Prospect and Perspective
Authors: Liu Kun‐Yu , Wang Ting‐Ting , Liu Xinyan , Peng Hong‐Jie
Published: January 2024

Along with the growing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) and smart grids, rechargeable batteries are playing an increasingly important role in the field of energy storage. To ensure a safe and stable operation, it remains essential to estimate the states of batteries accurately and efficiently in advance. Herein, we provide a perspective on data‐driven online prognosis of rechargeable batteries, where its scope and superiorities are first introduced. Four promising application scenarios in real world including battery manufacture, EVs, smart grid, and battery recycling are then discussed, followed by the challenges that require further investigation. We anticipate this perspective to attract more interest to this field, to illuminate potential directions for future researches, and to broaden the context of data‐driven physical and engineering sciences.
Development of a novel quality by design–enabled stability‐indicating HPLC method and its validation for the quantification of nirmatrelvir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms
Authors: Alegete Pallavi , Byreddy Saisudha
Published: January 2024

A systematic and novel quality by design–enabled, rapid, simple, and economic stability–indicating HPLC method for quantifying nirmatrelvir (NMT) was successfully developed and validated. An analytical target profile (ATP) was established, and critical analytical attributes (CAAs) were allocated to meet the ATP requirements. The method used chromatographic separation using a Purosphere column with a 4.6 mm inner diameter × 250 mm (2.5 μm). The analysis occurred at 50°C with a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and detection at 220 nm. A 10 μL sample was injected, and the mobile phase consisted of two components: mobile phase A, containing 0.1% formic acid in water (20%), and mobile phase B, containing 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (80%). The diluent was prepared by mixing acetonitrile and water at a 90:10 v/v ratio. The retention time for the analyte was determined to be 2.78 min. Accuracy exceeded 99%, and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.999. The validated HPLC method was characterized as precise, accurate, and robust. Significantly, NMT was found to be susceptible to alkaline, acidic, and peroxide conditions during forced degradation testing. The stability‐indicating method developed effectively separated the degradation products formed during stress testing, underlining its effectiveness in stability testing and offering accuracy, reliability, and sensitivity in determining NMT.
Structure of crude polysaccharides from Atractylodes lancea rhizome and treatment of diarrhea owing to spleen deficiency through intestinal flora
Authors: Wang Yue , Wang Sheng , Wang Tie‐Lin , Chang Li‐kun , Zhou Jun‐Hui , Yang Ke , Guo Lan‐Ping
Published: January 2024

To optimize the extraction process of crude polysaccharides from Atractylodes and elaborate the mechanism of Atractylodes polysaccharides in treating diarrhea owing to spleen deficiency, so as to lay a foundation for further development and utilization of Atractylodes lancea, we used an orthogonal test to optimize the extraction process and established a model of spleen deficiency. It was further combined with histopathology and intestinal flora to elaborate the mechanism of Atractylodes polysaccharides in the treatment of spleen‐deficiency diarrhea. The optimized extraction conditions were as follows: the ratio of material to liquid was 1:25; the rotational speed was 150 rpm; the extraction temperature was 60°C; the extraction time was 2 h; and the extraction rate was about 23%. The therapeutic effect of Atractylodes polysaccharides on a spleen‐deficiency diarrhea model in mice showed that the water content of stools and diarrhea grade in the treatment group were alleviated, and the levels of gastrin, motilin and d‐xylose were improved. The analysis results based on gut microbiota showed that the model group had a higher diversity of gut microbiota than the normal group and treatment group, and the treatment group could correct the diversity of gut microbiota in model mice. Analysis based on the level of phylum and genus showed that the treatment group could inhibit the abundance of Helicobacter pylori genus and increase beneficial bacteria genera. The conclusion was that the optimized extraction process of Atractylodes polysaccharides was reasonable and feasible, and had a good therapeutic effect on spleen deficiency diarrhea.
In situ light‐activated materials for skin wound healing and repair: A narrative review
Authors: Yaron Jordan R. , Gosangi Mallikarjun , Pallod Shubham , Rege Kaushal
Published: January 2024

Dermal wounds are a major global health burden made worse by common comorbidities such as diabetes and infection. Appropriate wound closure relies on a highly coordinated series of cellular events, ultimately bridging tissue gaps and regenerating normal physiological structures. Wound dressings are an important component of wound care management, providing a barrier against external insults while preserving the active reparative processes underway within the wound bed. The development of wound dressings with biomaterial constituents has become an attractive design strategy due to the varied functions intrinsic in biological polymers, such as cell instructiveness, growth factor binding, antimicrobial properties, and tissue integration. Using photosensitive agents to generate crosslinked or photopolymerized dressings in situ provides an opportunity to develop dressings rapidly within the wound bed, facilitating robust adhesion to the wound bed for greater barrier protection and adaptation to irregular wound shapes. Despite the popularity of this fabrication approach, relatively few experimental wound dressings have undergone preclinical translation into animal models, limiting the overall integrity of assessing their potential as effective wound dressings. Here, we provide an up‐to‐date narrative review of reported photoinitiator‐ and wavelength‐guided design strategies for in situ light activation of biomaterial dressings that have been evaluated in preclinical wound healing models.
Mesoporous Ceria and Ceria‐Praseodymia as High Surface Area Supports for Pd‐based Catalysts with Enhanced Methane Oxidation Activity
Authors: Ballauri Sabrina , Sartoretti Enrico , Castellino Micaela , Armandi Marco , Piumetti Marco , Fino Debora , Russo Nunzio , Bensaid Samir
Published: January 2024

In recent years, Pd/CeO2 materials have proven to be effective catalysts for the total oxidation of methane. In this work, three different synthesis routes were used to prepare high specific surface area supports, consisting of pure CeO2 and 10 at% Pr‐doped ceria (Ce90Pr10). Nano‐structured spheres were obtained with a microwave‐assisted synthesis, dumbbell‐like particles were produced through a urea‐based hydrothermal method, and ordered mesoporous oxides were prepared by using SBA‐15 as hard‐template. The six materials were then impregnated with 2 wt% Pd, calcined at 500 °C, and comprehensively characterized. All the samples retained their high surface area after impregnation (75–110 m2 g−1), allowing a good dispersion of palladium. No significant structural or morphological differences were observed upon Pr doping, but a higher Pd oxidation state was induced by Pr‐doped supports. However, all Pd/CeO2 and Pd/Ce90Pr10 catalysts exhibited similar activity for dry methane oxidation below 500 °C, regardless of the synthesis technique and of the Pr presence: they all achieved almost complete CH4 oxidation at 400 °C, showing a really remarkable improvement with respect to analogous low surface area supports. A promoting role of Pr was instead noticed in wet conditions, thanks to its ability to counteract water‐induced deactivation phenomena.
The Metamorphosis of Mg(SO3CF3)2‐based Electrolytes for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Chen Jinlong , Tan Shuangshuang , Li Lingjie , Huang Guangsheng , Wang Jingfeng , Pan Fusheng
Published: January 2024

Cost‐effective, non‐corrosive and non‐nucleophilic Mg(SO3CF3)‐based electrolytes with high anodization stability are promising candidates for realizing high‐performance rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs). Since the 1990s, the community has developed polymer‐based, room‐temperature molten salt‐based, chlorine‐containing and chlorine‐free electrolyte systems using Mg(SO3CF3)2 as the simple magnesium salt. However, there is currently a lack of overall understanding of the metamorphosis of Mg(SO3CF3)2‐based electrolytes. This survey reviews the development of various branches of Mg(SO3CF3)2‐based electrolytes, with a special focus on strategies to improve electrolyte performance. First, the utilization of various polymer matrices, room‐temperature molten salts, inorganic/organic chlorine salts and chelating ligands to promote the performance of Mg(SO3CF3)2‐based (quasi‐)solid and liquid electrolytes is outlined. Subsequently, combining the passivation nature of Mg(SO3CF3)2 and polar aprotic solvents toward the Mg anode and the current improvement strategies, the future challenges and opportunities of Mg(SO3CF3)2‐based electrolytes in various branches are discussed. These summaries and discussions will provide guidelines for the development of Mg(SO3CF3)2‐based electrolytes with desirable properties for RMBs.
Preparation of Dinitrogen Trioxide for Organic Synthesis: A Phase Equilibrium Approach
Authors: Chen Yuesu , Monbaliu Jean‐Christophe M.
Published: January 2024

Dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3) is a potent nitrosating agent featured with high reactivity and appealing atom economy. Because of its instability and the entanglement of chemical and phase equilibria, N2O3 has rarely been utilized in organic synthesis as a stock reagent with well‐defined composition. In this review, the preparations of pure N2O3 and its concentrated solution (>0.1 M) are discussed from the aspect of phase equilibrium. Understanding the physical and chemical characteristics of N2O3, along with how reaction parameters (temperature, pressure, molar ratio) interact, plays a crucial role in managing the concentration of N2O3 in the liquid phase. This control holds practical significance in achieving quantitative reactions.
Highly Sensitive Switchable Sensors for Hydroxide on Glass Surfaces Based on Isoquinolinium‐Quinolinium‐substituted Acetylenes
Authors: Tombrink Alexander , Nagorny Sven , Batsyts Sviatoslav , Namyslo Jan C. , Lederle Felix , Hübner Eike G. , Adams Jörg , Schmidt Andreas
Published: January 2024

Bi‐substituted acetylenes with a quinolinium and an isoquinolinium substituent are described, which reversibly form intensely colored adducts with O‐nucleophiles and thus enable the detection of >0,5 ppm hydroxide on the surfaces of various glasses. Acids reconstitute the colorless bi‐substituted acetylenes. The quinolinium and isoquinolinium rings are bound via their 2‐, 3‐, 4‐ and 1‐, 3‐, 4‐positions to the triple bond, respectively. The choice of substitution sites of the hetarenium rings enables the design of mixed conjugated/cross‐conjugated π‐electron systems. Depending on the combination of binding sites, the frontier orbital profile, the triple bond polarization, the fluorescence behaviour, and the sensitivity to hydroxide differs.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Chemodivergent Coupling of Alcohols: Efficient Routes to Access α,α‐Disubstituted Ketones and α‐Substituted Chalcones
Authors: Bansal Sadhna , Punji Benudhar
Published: January 2024

Chemodivergent (de)hydrogenative coupling of primary and secondary alcohols is achieved utilizing an inexpensive nickel catalyst, (6‐OH‐bpy)NiCl2. This protocol demonstrates the synthesis of branched carbonyl compounds, α,α‐disubstituted ketones, and α‐substituted chalcones via borrowing hydrogen strategy and acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling, respectively. A wide range of aryl‐based secondary alcohols are coupled with various primary alcohols in this tandem dehydrogenation/hydrogenation reaction. The nickel catalyst, along with KOtBu or K2CO3, governed the selectivity for the formation of branched saturated ketones or chalcones. A preliminary mechanistic investigation confirms the reversible dehydrogenation of alcohols to carbonyls via metal‐ligand cooperation (MLC) and the involvement of radical intermediates during the reaction.
Immune checkpoint CD161/LLT1‐associated immunological landscape and diagnostic value in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hu Xinyang , Dong Yuexin , Xie Shixin , Song Yuxian , Yu Chenhang , He Yijia , Wang Zhiyong , Hu Qingang , Ni Yanhong , Ding Liang
Published: January 2024

An active host adaptive response is characterized by the existence of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1)+/IFN‐γ+ cytotoxic T cells and IFN‐γ‐induced PD‐L1+ tumor cells (TCs), which predicts high response rate to anti‐PD‐1/L1 therapy. Recently, CD161 and its ligand LLT1 (CLEC2D) have been identified as an emerging checkpoint for immunotherapy. Clarifying its heterogeneous clinical expression pattern and its immune landscape is a prerequisite for maximizing the response rate of CD161 blockade therapy in a specific population of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Here, we investigated the expression pattern of CD161/LLT1 and its association with major immunocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells, and macrophages) by multiplex immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry in 109 OSCC tissues and 102 peripheral blood samples. TCs showed higher LLT1 levels than tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), whereas CD161 was highly expressed in CD8+ T cells at the tumor front, which was decreased in paracancerous tissue. High expression of TC‐derived LLT1 (LLT1TC) conferred poor clinical outcomes, whereas higher CD161+ and LLT1+ TILs were associated with better prognosis. Meanwhile, patients with high LLT1TC showed a decreased ratio of CD8+/Foxp3+ T cells in situ, but CD161+ TILs correlated with more peripheral CD3+ T cells. Interestingly, treatment of OSCC patients with nivolumab (anti‐PD‐1) could restore tumoral CD161/LLT1 signal. Furthermore, an OSCC subgroup characterized by high LLT1+ TCs and low CD161+CD8+ T cells showed fewer peripheral T cells and a higher risk of lymph node metastasis, leading to a shorter 5‐year survival time (29%). More LLT1TC at the invasive front was another risk characteristic of exhausted T cells. In conclusion, in view of this heterogeneity, the LLT1/CD161 distribution pattern should be determined before CD161‐based immunotherapy.
Exploratory immunogenicity outcomes of peanut oral immunotherapy: Findings from the PALISADE trial
Authors: Nilsson Caroline , Vereda Andrea , Borres Magnus P. , Andersson Mats , Södergren Eva , Rudengren Magnus , Smith Alex , Simon Reyna J. , Ryan Robert , Fernández‐Rivas Montserrat , Adelman Daniel , Vickery Brian P.
Published: January 2024

Background

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) to peanut and its components may influence the clinical reactivity to peanut. Allergen‐specific immunotherapy is known for modifying both IgE and IgG4. Peanut oral immunotherapy may influence these serological parameters.

Methods

Exploratory analyses of serological data from participants receiving peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder‐dnfp (PTAH) and placebo in the double‐blind, randomized, phase 3 PALISADE trial were conducted to evaluate potential relationships between peanut‐specific and peanut component–specific (Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, Ara h 6, Ara h 8, and Ara h 9) IgE and IgG4 levels and clinical outcomes.

Results

A total of 269 participants (PTAH, n = 202; placebo, n = 67) were analyzed. No relationship was observed between specific IgE and IgG4 levels at screening and maximum tolerated peanut protein dose during screening or response status during exit double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC). In PTAH‐treated participants, no relationship was observed between IgE and IgG4 levels at screening and maximum symptom severity during exit DBPCFC. Postscreening ratios (ie, postscreening/screening) in the PTAH group were significant at the end of updosing and exit visit for most components. Postscreening changes in specific IgE levels were more pronounced with PTAH versus placebo for most components.

Conclusions

Specific IgE and IgG4 levels at screening are not correlated with screening or exit DBPCFC results, and are not predictive of clinical response to PTAH. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder‐dnfp contains the relevant and immunodominant allergens, inducing immunological changes with the treatment.

Clinical Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02635776.
Sustainable Tailoring of Lignin Nanoparticles Assisted by Green Solvents
Authors: Almeida Fábio , Margarida Ana , Seixas Nalin , Pinto Ricardo J. B. , Silvestre Armando J. D. , Da Costa Lopes André M.
Published: January 2024

This work aimed at studying the self‐assembly of lignin macromolecules towards lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) with green solvents and shedding light on a tailor‐made production of LNPs through a meticulous study of different variables. The methodology (antisolvent to lignin solution – method A; or lignin solution to antisolvent – method B), the lignin solvent, the flow rate of solvent/antisolvent addition, the lignin solution loading and the washing step (centrifugation vs dialysis) were examined. Remarkably, method B enabled achieving desired LNPs (127.4–264.9 nm), while method A induced the formation of lignin microparticles (582.8–7820 nm). Among lignin solvents, ethanol allowed the preparation of LNPs with the lowest hydrodynamic diameter (method B=127.4 nm), while the largest particles (method A=7820 nm) were obtained with ethylene glycol. These latest particles were characterized as heterogeneous, irregular, and highly aggregated when compared for instance with γ‐valerolactone counterparts, which showed the most homogeneous (PDI=0.057–0.077) and spherical particles. Moreover, decreasing lignin solution loading enabled the reduction on LNP size and Zeta potential. Dialysed samples allowed the formation of LNPs with lower hydrodynamic size, reduced aggregation, and higher homogeneity. Furthermore, dialysis provided high stability to LNPs, avoiding particle coalescent phenomenon.
Recent Advances in Smart Windows Based on Photo‐Responsive Liquid Crystals Featuring Phase Transition
Authors: Meng Xianyu , Lin Siyang , Chen Shuo , Shen Xuanzhe , Guo Dekang , Guo Jinbao
Published: January 2024

A smart window is an optical dimming device with intelligent functions that can control its relevant performances through external stimuli, achieving functions such as privacy protection and temperature regulation. Light is an ideal stimulus for regulating smart windows, which is noninvasive and allows self‐adaptable manipulation of materials. This review highlights recent significant achievements in smart windows constructed by photo‐responsive liquid crystals (LCs) systems that can undergo the transition between different phases. The smart windows based on photo‐responsive LCs are used in a plethora of areas, including privacy protection, absorption glass, building decoration, energy saving, and climate modulation applications. The review concludes with a brief perspective on some significant challenges and opportunities for the future development of photo‐responsive smart windows, which is crucial for expanding the applications of smart windows and improving their performances.
Board of directors and firm resilience from a social capital perspective
Authors: Hurtado José Manuel , Herrero Inés
Published: January 2024

While a vast amount of literature demonstrates the importance of having a board of directors (BoD) for positive firm outcomes, our empirical study based on a wide sample of family firms suggests this is not always the case, and that its impact on firm resilience is contingent on family social capital (FSC). When FSC is high, family members focus on internal governance and frequently reduce the BoD to a symbolic role. Thus, a BoD represents a cost rather than a benefit. In contrast, a BoD is very effective when a firm is poor in FSC and the family firm most resembles a non‐family firm. Consequently, the question is not whether to have a BoD but in which case it can benefit the family firm. Our analysis concludes that family members' involvement in the BoD per se does not enhance a firms' resilience as they have other informal mechanisms that play a similar role. However, executive and independent directors as key board members lead us to conclude that, together with the FSC, the composition of the board affects family firm resilience.
Enhancement of photovoltaic array characteristics and global maximum power using Padovan transform‐based image encryption strategy
Authors: Naik Kanasottu Anil , Raj Rayappa David Amar , Babu Thanikanti Sudhakar , Aljafari Belqasem
Published: January 2024

During shading, the mismatch between the panels in the photovoltaic (PV) array mitigates the global maximum power (GMP). Besides, the mismatch in the irradiation levels of distinct rows of the PV array instigates multiple power peaks (MPPs) in the array characteristics. Distinguishing the local and global peaks among MPPs for tracking the GMP is highly challenging for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers. So, to mitigate the MPPs and enhance the GMP, array reconfiguration is preferred. Nevertheless, most existing reconfiguration techniques exhibit poor shade dispersal, distorted electrical characteristics, multiple MPPs, increased mismatch, scalability issues, etc. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a new Padovan transform‐based encryption strategy for array reconfiguration. The proposed method was evaluated for both symmetric and unsymmetrically sized arrays. Its performance has also been compared to that of 23 other strategies. The proposed reconfiguration strategy integrated with MPPT is validated experimentally using a prototype model. A nonparametric statistical hypothesis test with a p‐value of 0.05 has been used for a pairwise fair comparison study among the examined approaches. The proposed approach constantly outperforms the current methods because of its unique shade dispersion generated through intelligent reconfiguration offering the GMP improvement of 34.429%, 12.51%, 5.05%, and 37.40%, 22.93%, 16.51% for 9 × 9 and 4 × 8 PV arrays, respectively.
A comprehensive review of wireless power transfer systems: Focused study with fractional‐order elements
Authors: Ali Arshaque , Mehta Utkal
Published: January 2024

Wireless power transfer (WPT) refers to promising technology that allows energy transfer between devices without wires or cables. Although wireless power transfer systems have come a long way, they still have a long way to go before they become truly viable. An approach that has been offered to address these issues is the implementation of fractional‐order elements in WPT systems. Fractional‐order wireless power transfer systems have emerged as a promising solution to address some challenges in classical approaches. This review aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers and engineers interested in designing and optimizing WPT systems using fractional methods by summarizing the current knowledge on fractional‐based approaches in WPT. Furthermore, this article sheds light on the benefits, challenges, and prospects of integrating fractional elements into WPT strategies.
A real‐time energy management control strategy of hybrid energy system for a pure electric loader
Authors: Ma Yuchuan , Ye Min , Xu Xinxin , Wu Chenguang , Li Yan , Liu Honghai
Published: January 2024

To enhance the efficiency and prolong the battery life of hybrid energy systems equipped with battery and supercapacitor for a pure electric loader, this paper proposes a real‐time energy management strategy based on model predictive control (MPC). First, the working characteristics of the loader and the topology structure of the hybrid energy are analyzed. Second, considering the repetitive operation model of electric loaders, a neural network algorithm based on long short‐term memory is used to predict power and a dynamic programming algorithm is used as the rolling optimization solution for MPC strategy. Finally, the MPC is verified using the simulation in MATLAB/Simulink. The results indicate that compared with other strategies, the MPC strategy can improve hybrid energy efficiency and reduce the maximum battery current fluctuations. The proposed method demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the hybrid energy system.
Multi‐objective optimization for optimal energy transporting path and energy distribution in electric vehicles energy internet
Authors: Ramasamy Gandhi , Vedi Agalya , Madasamy Muthuvinayagam
Published: January 2024

Energy internet permits the power to stream lithely for broadcast and it aids in transporting energy to each user using electric vehicles (EVs). The energy that EVs utilize is generated using certain sources. Still, considering poor weather, the power station averts the production of energy and needs to acquire power transmitted to another location. One resolution is to set stations that aid to save surfeit energies and minimize energy loss during transportation. This paper devises a new model for choosing charging stations to charge EVs. Energy is transferred from the energy source to the charge station via bus station through optimal path using Battle Royale Jaya Optimization (BRJO) routing with fitness attributes like distance to select the shortest path and energy. The prediction of energy is done with a deep recurrent neural network (DRNN) and the charge is distributed optimally to EVs by employing a proposed Competitive Swarm‐Battle Royale Jaya Optimization (CSBRJO) by utilizing multi‐parameters, like priority, distance, predicted energy, waiting time, and EV count needed for charging. The CSBRJO outperformed with the smallest distance of 6.935 km, energy consumption of 1.676 J, path length of 5.05 m, and waiting time of 4.645 sec.
Developing analytical models for the post‐detection SINR of TSVD‐based techniques with imperfect CSI
Authors: Eduru Supraja , Rangaswamy Nakkeeran
Published: January 2024

In massive multiple input multiple output (m‐MIMO) uplink, the performance gap between zero forcing (ZF) or direct pseudo‐inverse and minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection schemes increases with an increase in the load factor. To report this issue, truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) is used in both ZF and direct pseudo‐inverse detection techniques using dynamic threshold. Moreover, the analytical models for the post‐detection signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (PDSINR) of TSVD‐based detection schemes are derived with imperfect channel state information (CSI), and subsequently, bit error rate (BER) is evaluated. Later, an optimum hard threshold for the TSVD‐based detection schemes is deduced from the empirical analysis. Further, the tightness of the analysis is verified through Monte Carlo trails. The simulation result shows that at lower values of average signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), TSVD‐based detection schemes with imperfect CSI offer comparable performance and low complexity when compared with the MMSE technique. However, the BER of TSVD‐based detection schemes decreases and gets saturated with an increase in the average SNR, whereas the BER of the MMSE detection scheme increases and approaches the BER of ZF or direct pseudo‐inverse detection schemes.
A systematic review of analytical methodologies capable of analysing phytocannabinoids in cosmetics
Authors: Desmedt Bart , Van Campenhout Peter , Deconinck Eric
Published: January 2024

As cannabidiol (CBD) is not considered to be a drug and because of its potential health claims, it is an interesting compound that is often found in cosmetics. However, the safety of CBD, as well as the presence of trace amounts of other phytocannabinoids, including the psychoactive substance ∆9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is still being debated. A robust analytical technique capable of analysing cosmetic products and determining their phytocannabinoid content will be crucial in assessing the safety of these products. This systematic review aims to highlight the current analytical tools that could be used to analyse phytocannabinoids in cosmetics. The ideal method would be able to analyse high levels of CBD in combination with trace levels of THC and their acids. The method should provide good recoveries and accuracies in a variety of matrices while providing information on up‐coming phytocannabinoids such as cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG) and cannabinol (CBN). The systematic review approach was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta‐Analyses method. The research focused on studies published from January 2010 to December 2022 in PubMed and Scopus. A total of 15 datasets met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were tabulated to allow easy comparison. Although some of the reviewed methods can handle multiple matrices and provide satisfactory recoveries, this review process did not identify an ideal method. The most suitable methods either could not quantify phytocannabinoid acids or were not sensitive enough to quantify trace levels of psychoactive phytocannabinoids.
Tree‐ and stand‐scale variability of xylem water stable isotope signatures in mature beech, oak and spruce
Authors: Bernhard Fabian , Floriancic Marius G. , Treydte Kerstin , Gessler Arthur , Kirchner James W. , Meusburger Katrin
Published: January 2024

In ecohydrology, water isotopologues are used to assess potential sources of root water uptake by comparing xylem water signatures with source water signatures. Such comparisons are affected by the variability and uncertainty of the isotope signatures of plant water and water sources. The tree‐scale and stand‐scale variabilities of the isotope signatures in stem xylem water are often unknown but are important for sampling design and uncertainty estimation in assessing the sources of tree water uptake. Here, we quantified tree‐scale and stand‐scale variabilities of xylem water isotope signatures in beech, oak and spruce trees in a mature forest on the Swiss plateau. For stem xylem water, sub‐daily replicates and replicates in different cardinal directions showed no systematic differences, but we found systematic differences with sampling height. The observed variability of isotope signatures at different heights along the stem suggests that water residence times within trees need to be considered, along with their effects on the isotope signatures in different compartments (stem, branches, leaves). Further, concerning the hydrogen signatures, we found height‐ and species‐specific offsets (SW‐excess δ2H). Stem xylem water's tree‐scale variability was similar in magnitude to its stand‐scale variability and smaller than the variabilities in branch xylem and bulk soil water around each tree. Xylem water from stem cores close to the ground, therefore, can give a more precise estimate of the isotopic signal of the most recent root water uptake and facilitate more accurate source water attribution.
Structural, stability and relaxation features of lanthanide‐complexes designed for multimodal imaging detection of enzyme activities
Authors: Laine Sophie , Jouclas Rémy , Bonnet Célia S. , Retailleau Pascal , Steinmetz Vincent , Pallier Agnès , Garda Zoltán , Tircsó Gyula , Durand Philippe , Tóth Éva
Published: January 2024

Lanthanide complexes of DO3A‐derivative ligands bearing a pyridine‐carbamate (L1) or pyridine‐amine (L2) arm have potential interest in the design of enzymatically activated imaging probes. Solid‐state X‐ray structures for CeL1 and YbL2 both demonstrate twisted square antiprismatic geometry, with the metal ion in a nine‐ or an eight‐coordinate environment, respectively. As assessed by pH‐potentiometry, in solution lanthanide ions form more stable complexes with the nonadentate L1 than with the octadentate L2 ligand (logKML=18.7–21.1 vs. 16.7–18.6, respectively), while stability constants are similar for L1 and L2 chelates of Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+ or Cu2+. The kinetic inertness of GdL1 is exceptionally high, with an estimated dissociation half‐life of ~108 h at pH 7.4, while LnL2 (Ln=Ce, Gd, Yb) complexes have 3–4 orders of magnitude faster dissociation, related to the presence of the protonatable, non‐coordinating amine function. The water exchange rate determined for the monohydrated GdL2 (kex298=1.3×106 s−1) shows a threefold decrease with respect to GdDOTA, as a consequence of a reduction in the negative charge and in the steric crowding around the water binding site, both important in dissociatively activated water exchange processes.
Exploration of metal‐free 2D electrocatalysts toward the oxygen electroreduction
Authors: Kundu Joyjit , Kwon Taehyun , Lee Kwangyeol , Choi Sang‐Il
Published: January 2024

The advancement of economical and readily available electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) holds paramount importance in the advancement of fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. Recently, 2D non‐metallic materials have obtained substantial attention as viable alternatives for ORR catalysts due to their manifold advantages, encompassing low cost, ample availability, substantial surface‐to‐volume ratio, high conductivity, exceptional durability, and competitive activity. The augmented ORR performances observed in metal‐free 2D materials typically arise from heteroatom doping, defects, or the formation of heterostructures. Here, the authors delve into the realm of electrocatalysts for the ORR, pivoting around metal‐free 2D materials. Initially, the merits of metal‐free 2D materials are explored and the reaction mechanism of the ORR is dissected. Subsequently, a comprehensive survey of diverse metal‐free 2D materials is presented, tracing their evolutionary journey from fundamental concepts to pragmatic applications in the context of ORR. Substantial importance is given on the exploration of various strategies for enhancing metal‐free 2D materials and assessing their impact on inherent material performance, including electronic properties. Finally, the challenges and future prospects that lie ahead for metal‐free 2D materials are underscored, as they aspire to serve as efficient ORR electrocatalysts.
Neural basis of writing in prodromal to mild dementia with lewy bodies
Authors: Monvoisin‐Joly Tiphaine , Furcieri Emmanuelle , Chabran Elena , Mondino Mary , Loureiro de Sousa Paulo , Botzung Anne , Frédéric Blanc
Published: January 2024

Objectives

We have previously demonstrated difficulties in written production in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients. We now aim to determine the neural correlates of writing production in DLB, combining clinical data and structural MRI measures.

Method

Sixteen prodromal to mild DLB patients were selected to participate in the study. The GREMOTS test was used to assess writing production. Using three‐dimensional T1 brain MRI images, correlations between the GREMOTS test and grey matter (GM) volume were performed using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM; SPM12, XjView and Matlab R2021b softwares).

Results

VBM analysis (p < 0.001, uncorrected) revealed a positive and significant correlation between both left anterior insula and left supramarginal gyrus GM volumes and DLB patients' ability to write logatoms using the phonological route. The handwriting deficit was negatively and significantly correlated to the supplementary motor area. The parkinsonism‐like characteristics of agraphia were negatively and significantly correlated with both right anterior and right posterior cerebellum GM volumes. Our study also revealed a negative and significant correlation between grammatical spelling impairments and an area of the orbitofrontal gyrus, and a negative and significant correlation between supramarginal gyrus and general slowness in dictation tasks.

Conclusion

Writing disorders in early DLB patients appears to be GM decreases in several brain regions, such as the left anterior insula, the left supramaginal gyrus, as well as two areas of the right cerebellum.
Gate‐tunable Berry curvature in van der Waals itinerant ferromagnetic Cr7Te8
Authors: Meng Kui , Li Zeya , Gao Zhansheng , Bi Xiangyu , Chen Peng , Qin Feng , Qiu Caiyu , Xu Lingyun , Huang Junwei , Wu Jinxiong , Luo Feng , Yuan Hongtao
Published: January 2024

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) that associated with the Berry curvature of occupied electronic states in momentum‐space is one of the intriguing aspects in condensed matter physics, and provides an alternative for potential applications in topological electronics. Previous experiments reported the tunable Berry curvature and the resulting magnetization switching process in the AHE based on strain engineering or chemical doping. However, the AHE modulation by these strategies are usually irreversible, making it difficult to realize switchable control of the AHE and the resultant spintronic applications. Here, we demonstrated the switchable control of the Berry‐curvature‐related AHE by electrical gating in itinerant ferromagnetic Cr7Te8 with excellent ambient stability. The gate‐tunable sign reversal of the AHE can be attributed to the redistribution of the Berry curvature in the band structure of Cr7Te8 due to the intercalation‐induced change in the Fermi level. Our work facilitates the applications of magnetic switchable devices based on gate‐tunable Berry curvature.

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