bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Driver: Travel Behaviors Revisited on Fuel Saving and Less Emission
Authors: Muslim Nurul , Keyvanfar Ali , Shafaghat Arezou , Abdullahi Mu’azu , Khorami Majid
Published: January 2018

Road transportation is the main energy consumer and major contributor of ever-increasing hazardous emissions. Transportation professionals have raised the idea of applying the green concept in various areas of transportation, including green highways, green vehicles and transit-oriented designs, to tackle the negative impact of road transportation. This research generated a new dimension called the green driver to remediate urgently the existing driving assessment models that have intensified emissions and energy consumption. In this regard, this study aimed to establish the green driver’s behaviors related to fuel saving and emission reduction. The study has two phases. Phase one involves investigating the driving behaviors influencing fuel saving and emission reduction through a systematic literature review and content analysis, which identified twenty-one variables classified into four clusters. These clusters included the following: (i) FEf1, which is driving style; (ii) FEf2, which is driving behavior associated with vehicle transmission; (iii) FEf3, which is driving behavior associated with road design and traffic rules; and (iv) FEf4, which is driving behavior associated with vehicle operational characteristics. The second phase involves validating phase one findings by applying the Grounded Group Decision Making (GGDM) method. The results of GGDM have established seventeen green driving behaviors. The study conducted the Green Value (GV) analysis for each green behavior on fuel saving and emission reduction. The study found that aggressive driving (GV = 0.16) interferes with the association between fuel consumption, emission and driver’s personalities. The research concludes that driver’s personalities (including physical, psychological and psychosocial characteristics) have to be integrated for advanced in-vehicle driver assistance system and particularly, for green driving accreditation.
Business Intelligence Issues for Sustainability Projects
Authors: Muntean Mihaela
Published: January 2018

Business intelligence (BI) is an umbrella term for strategies, technologies, and information systems used by the companies to extract from large and various data, according to the value chain, relevant knowledge to support a wide range of operational, tactical, and strategic business decisions. Sustainability, as an integrated part of the corporate business, implies the integration of the new approach at all levels: business model, performance management system, business intelligence project, and data model. Both business intelligence issues presented in this paper represent the contribution of the author in modeling data for supporting further BI approaches in corporate sustainability initiatives. Multi-dimensional modeling has been used to ground the proposals and to introduce the key performance indicators. The démarche is strengthened with implementation aspects and reporting examples. More than ever, in the Big Data era, bringing together business intelligence methods and tools with corporate sustainability is recommended.
Thermal Environmental Design in Outdoor Space Focusing on Radiation Environment Influenced by Ground Cover Material and Solar Shading, through the Examination on the Redevelopment Buildings in Front of Central Osaka Station
Authors: Takebayashi Hideki , Kyogoku Sae
Published: January 2018

The outdoor open space is used for various purposes, e.g., to walk, rest, talk, meet, study, exercise, play, perform, eat, and drink. Therefore, it is desirable to provide various thermal environments according to users’ needs and their actual conditions. In this study, the radiation environment was evaluated, focusing on ground cover materials and solar radiation shading, through the examination on the redevelopment buildings in front of Central Osaka Station. The spatial distribution of solar radiation shading was calculated using ArcGIS and building shape data. Surface temperatures on the ground and wall are calculated based on the surface heat budget equation. MRT (Mean Radiant Temperature) of the human body is calculated assuming that the human body is a sphere. The most dominant factor for the radiant environment is solar radiation shielding and the next is the improvement of surface cover. It is difficult to make SET* (Standard new Effective Temperature) comfortable in the afternoon by both solar radiation shielding and improved surface cover because the air temperature is too high on a typical summer day (August). However, particularly in Rooftop Gardens and Green Garden, because the areas of shade grass and water are large, there are several places where people do not feel uncomfortable.
Economic Decision-Making for Coal Power Flexibility Retrofitting and Compensation in China
Authors: Na Chunning , Yuan Jiahai , Zhu Yuhong , Xue Li
Published: January 2018

In China, in order to integrate more renewable energy into the power grid, coal power flexibility retrofitting is imperative. This paper elaborates a generic method for estimating the flexibility potential from the rapid ramp rate and peak shaving operation using nonlinear programming, and defines three flexibility elastic coefficients to quantify the retrofitted targets. The optimized range of the retrofitted targets determined by the flexibility elastic coefficients have a reference significance on coal power flexibility retrofitting. Then, in order to enable economic decisions for coal power flexibility retrofitting, we address a profit maximizing issue regarding optimization decisions for coal power flexibility retrofitting under an assumption of perfect competition, further analyzing the characteristic roots of marginal cost equal to marginal revenue. The rationality of current compensation standards for peak shaving in China can also be judged in the analysis. The case study results show that economic decision-making depends on the compensation standard and the peak shaving depth and time. At a certain peak shaving depth and time, with rational compensation standard power plants are willing to carry out coal power flexibility retrofitting. The current compensation standard in Northeast China is high enough to carry out coal power flexibility retrofitting. These research conclusions have theoretical significance for China’s peak shaving compensation standards formulation.
Rediscovering and Reviving Old Observations and Explanations of Metabolic Scaling in Living Systems
Authors: Glazier Douglas
Published: January 2018

Why the rate of metabolism varies (scales) in regular, but diverse ways with body size is a perennial, incompletely resolved question in biology. In this article, I discuss several examples of the recent rediscovery and (or) revival of specific metabolic scaling relationships and explanations for them previously published during the nearly 200-year history of allometric studies. I carry out this discussion in the context of the four major modal mechanisms highlighted by the contextual multimodal theory (CMT) that I published in this journal four years ago. These mechanisms include metabolically important processes and their effects that relate to surface area, resource transport, system (body) composition, and resource demand. In so doing, I show that no one mechanism can completely explain the broad diversity of metabolic scaling relationships that exists. Multi-mechanistic models are required, several of which I discuss. Successfully developing a truly general theory of biological scaling requires the consideration of multiple hypotheses, causal mechanisms and scaling relationships, and their integration in a context-dependent way. A full awareness of the rich history of allometric studies, an openness to multiple perspectives, and incisive experimental and comparative tests can help this important quest.
Botulinum Toxin A for Sialorrhoea Associated with Neurological Disorders: Evaluation of the Relationship between Effect of Treatment and the Number of Glands Treated
Authors: Restivo Domenico , Panebianco Mariangela , Casabona Antonino , Lanza Sara , Marchese-Ragona Rosario , Patti Francesco , Masiero Stefano , Biondi Antonio , Quartarone Angelo
Published: January 2018

Background: Sialorrhoea and drooling are disabling manifestations of different neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) injection on hypersalivation in 90 patients with neurological diseases of different aetiologies, and to define the minimum number of injected salivary glands to reduce sialorrhoea. Determining the minimum number of glands that need to be engaged in order to have a significant reduction in drooling may be very useful for establishing the minimum total dosage of BoNT/A that may be considered effective in the treatment of hypersalivation. Methods: Twenty-five mouse units (MU) of BoNT/A (onabotulinumtoxin A, Botox; Allergan, Irvine, CA, USA; 100 MU/2 mL, 0.9% saline; or incobotulinumtoxin A, Xeomin; Merz Pharma, Germany; 100 MU/2 mL, 0.9% saline) were percutaneously injected into the parotid (p) glands and/or submandibular (s) glands under ultrasound control. On this basis, patients were divided into three groups. In group A (30 patients), BoNT/A injections were performed into four glands; in group B (30 patients), into three glands, and in group C (30 patients), into two glands. Patients treated in three glands (group B) were divided into two subgroups based on the treated glands (2 p + 1 s = 15 patients; 2 s + 1 p = 15 patients). Similarly, patients being injected in two glands (group C) were subdivided into three groups (2 p = 10 patients; 1 p + 1 s = 10 patients; 2 s = 10 patients). In patients who were injected in three and two salivary glands, saline solution was injected into the remaining one and two glands, respectively. Assessments were performed at baseline and at 2 weeks after the injections. Results: BoNT/A significantly reduced sialorrhoea in 82 out of 90 patients. The effect was more evident in patients who had four glands injected than when three or two glands were injected. The injections into three glands were more effective than injections into two glands. Conclusions: Our results have shown that BoNT/A injections induced a significant reduction in sialorrhoea in most patients (91%). In addition, we demonstrated that sialorrhoea associated with different neurological diseases was better controlled when the number of treated glands was higher.
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Rainfall Concentration Using the Gini Index and PCI
Authors: Sangüesa Claudia , Pizarro Roberto , Ibañez Alfredo , Pino Juan , Rivera Diego , García-Chevesich Pablo , Ingram Ben
Published: January 2018

This study aims to determine if there is variation in precipitation concentrations in Chile. We analyzed daily and monthly records from 89 pluviometric stations in the period 1970–2016 and distributed between 29°12′ S and 39°30′ S. This area was divided into two climatic zones: arid–semiarid and humid–subhumid. For each station, the Gini coefficient or Gini Index (GI), the precipitation concentration index (PCI), and the maximum annual precipitation intensity in a 24-h duration were calculated. These series of annual values were analyzed with the Mann–Kendall test with 5% error. Overall, it was noted that positive trends in the GI are present in both areas, although most were not found to be significant. In the case of PCI, the presence of positive trends is only present in the arid–semiarid zone; in the humid–subhumid zone, negative trends were mostly observed, although none of them were significant. Although no significant changes in all indices are evident, the particular case of the GI in the humid–subhumid zone stands out, where mostly positive trends were found (91.1%), of which 35.6% were significant. This would indicate that precipitation is more likely to be concentrated on a daily scale.
Occurrence, Seasonal Variation and Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in Qingcaosha Reservoir
Authors: Jiang Yue , Xu Cong , Wu Xiaoyu , Chen Yihan , Han Wei , Gin Karina , He Yiliang
Published: January 2018

Qingcaosha Reservoir is an important drinking water source in Shanghai. The occurrence of five groups of antibiotics was investigated in the surface water of this reservoir over a one-year period. Seventeen antibiotics were selected in this study based on their significant usage in China. Of these antibiotics, 16 were detected, while oxytetracycline was not detected in any sampling site. The detected frequency of tylosin was only 47.92% while the other 15 antibiotics were above 81.25%. The dominant antibiotic was different in four seasons: norfloxacin was dominant in spring, and penicillinV was dominant in summer, autumn and winter, with medium concentrations of 124.10 ng/L, 89.91 ng/L, 180.28 ng/L, and 216.43 ng/L, respectively. The concentrations and detection frequencies of antibiotics were notably higher in winter than in other seasons, demonstrating that low temperature and low flow may result in the persistence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment. Risk assessment suggested that norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, penicillinV, and doxycycline in the surface water presented high ecological risks.
Sustainably Managing Reservoir Storage: Ancient Roots of a Modern Challenge
Authors: Kondolf G. , Farahani Alan
Published: January 2018

Sedimentation is a major issue for water systems worldwide, but the need for sustainable sediment management is rarely addressed. This article surveys the problem of sedimentation in the contemporary sphere in addition to drawing on archaeological evidence of past unsustainable and sustainable sedimentation management practices. A compact characterization scheme is presented for identifying the scale of sedimentation management, both past and present. The results of the research illustrate that communities have grappled with issues of sedimentation for as long as water storage has existed. System failure from sedimentation is therefore not inevitable, but arises from a combination of social and biophysical factors.
Comparing Mixed-Media and Conventional Slow-Sand Filters for Arsenic Removal from Groundwater
Authors: Śmiech Karolina , Tolsma Aize , Kovács Tímea , Dalbosco Vlade , Yasadi Kamuran , Groendijk Leo , Agostinho Luewton
Published: January 2018

Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a major public health concern worldwide. The problem has been reported mainly in southern Asia and, especially, in Bangladesh. Slow-sand filters (SSF) augmented with iron were proven to be a simple, low-cost and decentralized technique for the treatment of arsenic-contaminated sources. In this research, three pilot-scale SSF (flowrate 6 L·h−1) were tested regarding their capability of removing arsenic from groundwater in conditions similar to those found in countries like Bangladesh (70 µg As(III) L−1, 26 °C). From the three, two filters were prepared with mixed media, i.e., sand mixed with corrosive iron matter (CIM filter) and iron-coated sand (ICS filter), and a third conventional SSF was used as a reference. The results obtained showed that the CIM filter could remove arsenic below the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline concentration of 10 µg·L−1, even for inlet concentrations above 150 µg·L−1. After 230 days of continuous operation the arsenic concentration in the effluent started increasing, indicating depletion or saturation of the CIM layer. The effluent arsenic concentration, however, never exceeded the Bangladeshi standard of 50 µg·L−1 throughout the whole duration of the experiments.
Impact of Climate Change on Streamflow Hydrology in Headwater Catchments of the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Worqlul Abeyou , Dile Yihun Taddele , Ayana Essayas , Jeong Jaehak , Adem Anwar , Gerik Thomas
Published: January 2018

This study assessed the impact of climate change on water availability and variability in two subbasins in the upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia. Downscaled future climate data from HadCM3 of A2 (medium-high) and B2 (medium-low) emission scenarios were compared to the observed climate data for a baseline period (1961–1990). The emission scenario representing the baseline period was used to predict future climate and as input to a hydrologic model to estimate the impact of future climate on the streamflow at three future time horizons: 2020–2045, 2045–2070 and 2070–2100. Results suggest that medium-high emission scenario best represents the local rainfall and temperature pattern. With A2 scenario, daily maximum/minimum temperature will increase throughout the future time horizons. The minimum and maximum temperature will increase by 3.6 °C and 2.4 °C, respectively, towards the end of the 21st century. Consequently, potential evapotranspiration is expected to increase by 7.8%, although trends in annual rainfall do not show statistically meaningful trends between years. A notable seasonality was found in the rainfall pattern, such that dry season rainfall amounts are likely to increase and wet season rainfall to decrease. The hydrological model indicated that the local hydrology of the study watersheds will be significantly influenced by climate change. Overall, at the end of the century, streamflow will increase in both rivers by up to 64% in dry seasons and decrease by 19% in wet seasons.
Les polonais en France avant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale
Authors: Gogolewski Edmond
Published: January 2018

Pendant la période de l'entre-deux-guerres environ 500 000 ouvriers polonais en provenance d'Allemagne et de Pologne s'établirent en France. Cette émigration qui était sujette aux fluctuations socio-économiques connut de sérieuses difficultés d'adaptation. La convention franco-polonaise du 3 septembre 1919 passait sous silence les problèmes d'appartenance syndicale et d'enseignement du polonais aux enfants. Avec l'appui des Compagnies Minières hostiles au développement du syndicalisme, le clergé polonais prit la direction de la vie culturelle et sociale de cette émigration qui trouva son homogénéité dans les associations patriotiques et religieuses. La concentration dans certains secteurs favorisa le développement du sentiment national polonais tout en freinant le processus d'assimilation, mais elle joua un rôle important sur le plan psychologique en permettant une intégration harmonieuse des Polonais dans la société française.
Faire corps face aux pouvoirs : les communautés de curés dans les cités épiscopales de la province ecclésiastique de Reims (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle)
Authors: Bonzon Anne
Published: January 2018

Anne Bonzon, Clannishness opposite the Powers : the Parish Priests' Communities in the Bishop's Cities of the Reims Ecclesiastical Province (XVIth-XVIIIth centuries).

In the bishop's cities of Northern France which this paper aims at studying (Amiens, Beauvais, Noyon, Senlis), the parish priests' belonging to the urban elite is in no way a matter of fact. Since the XHIth century, the high number of parishes has made it possible to gather priests in charge in communities, which in many respects can be assimilated to trade fraternities but whose purpose starts evolving in the XVIth century. In a context of exaltation of the sacerdoce and of the assertion of the parish framework, these communities now allow their members to assert themselves in front of their parishioners, their patrons and the powers. Eager to defend their status in the city, the parish priests yet refuse to accept the burdens that go with it and oppose the parish logic to the city logic. Such an ambiguity, that is illustrated in numerous court proceedings, explains why parish priests can't join the urban elites ; moreover it contributes to the decline of these communities in the XVIIIth century.
Peut-on définir une élite administrative provinciale ? Le cas artésien (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)
Authors: Legay Marie-Laure
Published: January 2018

Marie-Laure Legay, Kan men een administratieve elite in de provincie definiëren. Het voorbeeld van Artesië (17de-18de eeuw).

Er bestaan politieke, sociale en culturele élites. Kan men ook een administratieve elite onderscheiden met eigen kenmerken in de Franse maatschappij van de 18de eeuw ? Deze vraag is pertinent als men weet dat de administratie zich afzet tegen de politieke wereld tijdens Lodewijk XVI. Men kan observeren hoe in Parijs, Versailles, Rennes of Montpellier de openbare aangelegenheiden geregeld worden in burelen onder de leiding van mannen die de facto een aparté elite vormen die nadere studie verdient. Die studie is mogelijk op het gevied van de centrale regering die in de 18de eeuw voor het eerst geconfronteerd wordt met een administratie. Is zij ook mogelijk voor een lokale overheid met een corporatieve samenstelling volgens de traditionele verdeling van de macht ? Dit artikel gaat nader in op de belangrijke personen in de administratie van Artesië, een statengebied, en op de familiale, professionele en culturele achtergrond die naar een post in een administratie, die van de politiek losstaat, geleid heeft.
Action humanitaire et pouvoir politique : l'engagement des médecins lillois au XIXe siècle
Authors: Gérard Alain
Published: January 2018

Alain Gerard, Humanitarian Action and Political Power Lille Physicians in the XIXth century.

the Involvement of the

During the Revolution some doctors practising in Lille were involved in a significant political activity. This latter stops with the stabilization of the institutions. Until 1830, the Lille doctors do not take part in any political action. They only get involved in the writing of reports denouncing in a more and more forceful way the deplorable conditions imposed on the working people.

These reports serve as basis for the action of a liberal and republican opposition that begins playing an active role under Louis-Philippe. Several doctors strongly support the Ilnd Republic : the imperial regime banishes some of them among whom Testelin. Others carry on their action and get elected as municipal or general councillors in the ranks of the republican opposition. They play a notable role in the establishment of the Illrd Republic. With its advent, the doctors become aware of their growing weight in the political struggles in which they now take a very active part with diversified options.
De la Nouvelle Amsterdam à la métropole new-yorkaise du milieu du XIXe siècle : rôle des élites citadines dans l'émergence d'un modèle urbain
Authors: Pouzoulet Catherine
Published: January 2018

Catherine Pouzoulet, Van Nieuw Amsterdam tot de metropool New York in het midden van de 19de eeuw : de roi van de stedelijke elite in de vorming van een stadsmodel.

De auteur wil aantonen hoe in New York de stadsaanleg aanvankelijk Europees was, in de jaren 1820 gewijzigd werd en in het midden van de 19de eeuw geheel veranderde toen de elite het centrum verliet om aan de rand van de geurbaniseerde zone te gaan wonen, tegen de uit de koloniale tijd overgeërfde gewoonte in. Van de oude Hollandse kolonie, die in 1664 Engels werd, behield de stedelijke elite de zin voor het doorgeven van een onroerend patrimonium en, naar het voorbeeld van Londen, voor riante woonwijken. Maar die culturele invloed uit Noordeuropa kon niet weerstaan aan de logica van de winst. De opbouw van grote domeinen en de concentratie van ruraal grondbezit in de 18de eeuw bracht mee dat de elite een monopoliepositie had toen de stad moest uitgebreid worden omstreeks 1800. De diversificatie van de economische activiteit, de speculatie in de havenzone en de invoering van het dambordplan in 1811 bracht die elite ertoe — in tegenstelling tot Europa — het centrum te verlaten en dat over ta laten aan de opeenvolgende groeigolven. In het midden van de 19de eeuw was New York een ander type van stad dan Boston en Philadelphia, de andere grote steden van de Oostkust. De New-Yorkse elite speelde een beslissende rol in het overlaten van de stadsplanning aan de wet van het profijt, die voortaan de uitbreiding naar het noorden van Manhattan zal bepalen.

In een paar decennia ontstond zo een nieuwe vorm van stedelijke organisatie, met aile gevolgen voor de armeren. De economische logica van maximale rentabilistaie van steeds duurdere grond versnelde de sociale en functionele verdeling van de ruimte en liet de stad in de handen van particulière belangen. De openbare macht werd zo ondergeschikt aan de particulière economische groepen en dat werd een strekking in het Amerikaanse stedelijk model. Door het initiatief van de particulière sector inzake openbare ruimte toe te laten, kreeg de politiek geen kans meer om terzake iets te voorzien of te veranderen.
Fouilles sur le forum de Bavay (1993-1998). III. Habitat, voirie et stratigraphie au sud au forum
Authors: Thollard Patrick , Groetembril Sabine
Published: January 2018

Patrick Thollard, in collaboration with Sabine Groetembril, Excavations of the Bavay forum (1993- 1998). III. Habitat, street grid and stratigraphy south of the forum.

Following works carried out on the monumental centre of the city, a series of excavations was performed on the block located south-west of the Bavay forum. It concerned the north-east angle of the block, the remaining part of the area being covered with the earth-work of the mediaeval fortification. On the western part of the area explored, two dwelling rooms, whose latest state probably dates back to the middle of the Ilnd century A.D., have been identified : a vast half-buried room and a cellar, built along a classical plan but with a vaulted ceiling in brickwork ornemented with a partially preserved painted coating. These two rooms, in direct alignment with the street, belong to a set that no doubt develops far to the south. Stratigraphical diggings carried out in the north-east of the block allowed to identify previous levels whose oldest belongs to a workshop area dedicated to iron working. Finally, this led to adding more accuracy to the history of the evolution of the street network. The pavement that runs along the cardo has known three stages, that along the decumanus only two. Only the latest stage displays a tiling made of blue limestone slabs. Chronology confirms the anteriority of the cardo and shows that the development of the decumanus, which takes place in the third quarter of the 1st century A.D., is one of the direct consequences of the construction of the first stage of the forum.
Topographie des sites gallo-romains
Authors: Ducrocq Philippe
Published: January 2018

Philippe Ducrocq, Prospectie in Steene-Pitgam : topographie van galloromeinse sites.

Grondprospectie in maritiem Vlaanderen, sedert 1993, heeft geleid tot de ontdekking van meer dan vijftien sites in de gemeenten Steene en Pitgam uit wat op die sites verzameld werd kan men afleiden dat er zoutwinning was uit het zeewater (sporen van metselwerk). De schei- deingslijn tussen klei en turf verbindt de sites met metselwerk. Men vond ook en zone met opmerkelijk veel keramiek, metaal en munten, waarschijnlijk een woon- zone.
Quatre objets d'époque romaine avec inscriptions
Authors: Delmaire Roland
Published: January 2018

Roland Delmaire, Vier objecten met inscripties uit de romeinse tijd.

Voorstelling van een rond zegel uit de Vogezen, nu in een particulière collectie in Tourcoing, van een fibula en twee weegschalen met inscripties en van een kruisvor- mige fibula uit het land van de Creten te Biache-Saint- Vaast.
Fluorogenic PNA probes
Authors: Vilaivan Tirayut
Published: January 2018

Fluorogenic oligonucleotide probes that can produce a change in fluorescence signal upon binding to specific biomolecular targets, including nucleic acids as well as non-nucleic acid targets, such as proteins and small molecules, have applications in various important areas. These include diagnostics, drug development and as tools for studying biomolecular interactions in situ and in real time. The probes usually consist of a labeled oligonucleotide strand as a recognition element together with a mechanism for signal transduction that can translate the binding event into a measurable signal. While a number of strategies have been developed for the signal transduction, relatively little attention has been paid to the recognition element. Peptide nucleic acids (PNA) are DNA mimics with several favorable properties making them a potential alternative to natural nucleic acids for the development of fluorogenic probes, including their very strong and specific recognition and excellent chemical and biological stabilities in addition to their ability to bind to structured nucleic acid targets. In addition, the uncharged backbone of PNA allows for other unique designs that cannot be performed with oligonucleotides or analogues with negatively-charged backbones. This review aims to introduce the principle, showcase state-of-the-art technologies and update recent developments in the areas of fluorogenic PNA probes during the past 20 years.
Disease Free Survival of Well Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: 20 years Experience at a tertiary care center in Lebanon
Authors: Hajj Boutros Rita , Arabi Asma , Shoucair Mahmoud , Abbas Jaber , Salti Ibrahim
Published: January 2018

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Although relatively common, to date, there is no study about its prognosis in Lebanon. The objectives of this study were to determine the disease free survival, the recurrence rate and possible predictors of recurrence, as well as the rate of post thyroidectomy complications among patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who received treatment at the American University of Beirut Medical Center.

Methods and Findings: retrospective observational study of 480 cases of differentiated thyroid cancer who underwent thyroidectomy between January 1995 and June 2014. The mean age was 42±14 years. 74.4% were females. The mean tumor size was 1.9 cm±1.4. Papillary type was predominant (91%). Males had more extra-glandular extension than females (24.8% versus 10.9% respectively, p=0.001), more lymph node involvement (69.7% versus 52.9% respectively, p=0.017) and more vascular invasion (28.1% versus 14.9%, p=0.007). Around 70% of patients had at least one follow up visit after the surgery; among those, the median follow up duration was 4 years (1month-19years). At last follow-up visit, 78.7% were disease free, 14.9% had residual disease and only 6.3% had recurrent disease. By multivariate analysis, age greater than 45 years was the only independent predictor of persistence or recurrence (p=0.03) whereas both age below 45 years and lack of vascular invasion were significant predictors of disease free survival (p=0.001 and p=0.019 respectively).

Conclusion: Differentiated thyroid cancer has an overall good prognosis in this cohort of Lebanese patients. Young age and lack of vascular invasion are the most important predictors of disease free survival.

 

Key words: Differentiated thyroid cancer: disease free survival, prognostic factors, recurrence
Proximité cognitive et knowledge spillover dans l’avionique : une analyse à partir des brevets et des publications scientifiques
Authors: Beaugency Aurélie , Talbot Damien
Published: January 2018

Cet article montre l’existence à la fois d’une proximité cognitive observée entre acteurs concurrents d’un même secteur rarement étudié, l’avionique, et d’une diffusion spontanée des connaissances. Comment expliquer l’existence d’une proximité cognitive entre des acteurs concurrents qui ne coopèrent pas ? La proximité cognitive qu’ils partagent est mesurée selon le niveau de similarité des bases de connaissances des acteurs. Pour évaluer l’importance des flux de connaissances entre ces acteurs, nous nous référons aux citations de brevets et aux publications scientifiques. Pour expliquer ces résultats, nous mobilisons à la fois des travaux sur la proximité et évolutionnistes, en insistant sur la nécessité de tenir compte des spécificités sectorielles. Codes JEL: L62, O30
La performance des nouvelles entreprises internationales tunisiennes : orientation entrepreneuriale, orientation marché et capacités en marketing
Authors: Aydi Ichraf , Jarboui Anis
Published: January 2018

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier et de comprendre comment l’orientation entrepreneuriale internationale, l’orientation marché et les capacités en marketing influencent-elles la performance des nouvelles entreprises internationales (NEI). A cet effet, une analyse quantitative par la méthode des équations structurelles est utilisée auprès de 131 nouvelles entreprises internationales tunisiennes. Les résultats montrent que l’orientation entrepreneuriale internationale et l’orientation marché sont positivement liées à la performance des nouvelles entreprises internationales tunisiennes et l’interaction entre ces deux orientations génère un effet positif sur les capacités en marketing et par la suite sur la performance internationale. Codes JEL : L25, O19, M3
XTU, les architectes du vivant
Authors: Legendre Anouk
Published: January 2018

L’agence XTU s’est fait connaître par ses biofaçades : dans les doubles vitrages, des micro-algues se développent, offrant de riches solutions énergétiques. Cette innovation est à l’image de l’agence, qui investit les territoires inexplorés dans les grands concours...
Les interactions concurrentielles lors d’une stratégie de coopétition
Authors: Lacam Jean-Sébastien
Published: January 2018

La coopétition est particulièrement exposée à des velléités opportunistes qui sont souvent corrélées à la portée du projet. Les interactions concurrentielles entre coopétiteurs et leurs objectifs de filière et de territoire méritent donc d’être abordées. Notre étude révèle que les représailles dissuadent, régulent et sanctionnent l’opportunisme. Leur nature offensive ou défensive est influencée par l’étendue de filière et de territoire de la coopétition.
Représentation des femmes dans les conseils d’administration et performance économique : quels enseignements des PME françaises cotées ?
Authors: Dang A. Rey , Scotto Marie-José , Houanti L’Hocine , Bender Anne-Françoise
Published: January 2018

Peu d’études ont examiné la représentation des femmes dans les conseils d’administration (CA). La littérature existante s’est principalement focalisée sur les grandes entreprises. En l’espèce, nous analysons la représentation des femmes au sein des CA et des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) cotées sur Euronext Paris pour la période de 2010 à 2014. En effet, les PME représentent 95 % de l’ensemble des entreprises et 60 à 70 % de l’emploi. Nous ne constatons aucune relation significative entre la représentation des femmes dans les CA et la performance économique de l’entreprise (mesurée par le retour sur actifs). Cette conclusion est intéressante dans la mesure où elle met en lumière la façon dont les administratrices impactent le fonctionnement du CA et de facto la performance de l’entreprise. Notre objectif est de contribuer au débat sur le business case de la diversité des genres au sein des PME.
Le crowdsourcing : travail ou pas ? Éclaircissement des pratiques et implications juridiques
Authors: Lemoine Jean-François , Roth Yannig , Favreau Éric
Published: January 2018

Cet article propose d’aborder un aspect souvent mentionné mais rarement traité à ce jour dans la littérature sur le crowdsourcing  : les liens juridiques qui unissent les contributeurs aux plateformes. Après une présentation des différentes catégories de crowdsourcing existantes, nous proposons une classification de ces pratiques collaboratives en fonction du degré d’autonomie dont disposent les participants lors de l’exécution de leurs missions. Nous précisons à cette occasion les cas où les activités demandées aux internautes peuvent faire l’objet d’une requalification en contrat de travail.
Stratégies d’opposition des acteurs à l’enrôlement
Authors: Vitry Chloé , Chia Eduardo
Published: January 2018

L’élaboration, la construction, l’adaptation d’un instrument dans une organisation se traduit par une situation de gestion. Il va alors se développer un processus d’enrôlement des acteurs pour construire un acteur-réseau suffisamment stable pour permettre la contextualisation de cet instrument. Cependant, que se passe-t-il lorsque les acteurs s’opposent à cet enrôlement ? Quelles stratégies peuvent-ils utiliser pour résister à la situation ? En étudiant le processus de création d’un schéma de cohérence territorial dans une communauté de communes, nous avons croisé sociologie de la traduction et stratégies d’«  exit, voice et loyalty  » selon Hirschman pour comprendre les chemins d’opposition ou d’enrôlement de ces élus face à la situation. En particulier, nous mettons en évidence deux stratégies face à l’enrôlement, mobilisées par les portes-paroles d’acteur-réseaux concurrents : le voice participatif , et le voice contestataire .
Foreword – Increase in clinical trials for probiotics and prebiotics
Authors: Venema Koen
Published: January 2018

After a steady increase over recent years, last year we experienced our first drop in Impact Factor (IF): from 3.301 to 2.923. Although last year I concluded that I was pretty awful at predicting the future (Venema, 2017; and I still haven’t found a probiotic to improve that …), this result was not entirely unexpected. As a young journal (we have yet to celebrate our 10th anniversary), the IF will inevitably fluctuate a little. I keep track of the IF development over the course of the year and we are well on our way to achieving an IF of above 2 again (with still another 6 months to go until the end of June, when the new impact factors will be provided by Clarivate Analytics), which isn’t bad at all for a young journal.
High-Pressure Water Injection Injuries of the Hand May Not Be Trivial
Authors: Bean Bryan , Cook Shane , Loeffler Bryan J. , Gaston R. Glenn
Published: January 2018

High-pressure water injection injuries of the hand are uncommon, and there is limited literature to guide their treatment. The ideal management of these injuries, whether nonoperative with close observation or early surgical debridement, remains unknown. The authors retrospectively identified a cohort of patients with high-pressure water injection injuries to the hand during a 16-year period. Data collected included demographics, location of injection, hand dominance, type of treatment, need for additional surgery, and complications. The authors attempted to reach all patients by phone and email to assess long-term motion loss, sensation loss, and chronic pain. Nineteen patients met the inclusion criteria. The nondominant hand was involved in 84% and the index finger in nearly half. Two of 10 patients in the early surgery group required additional procedures, including a trigger finger release and serial debridements for
Pseudomonas
infection. Three of 9 patients without early debridement eventually required surgery, including debridement of a septic flexor tenosynovitis, fingertip amputation, and metacarpophalangeal disarticulation. Sixteen percent of patients developed infection, and 1 patient developed compartment syndrome. This is the largest reported cohort of both operatively and nonoperatively treated high-pressure water injection injuries to the hand. This is the first report of amputation as a complication. Infection and delayed presentation portend a poor outcome. Complications may arise even after early surgical debridement, and long-term sequelae are common. These injuries are not inherently benign and warrant immediate medical attention, early antibiotics, and a low threshold for close observation or surgical debridement. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(2):e245–e251.]
Estimating Waterfowl Carrying Capacity at Local Scales: A Case Study From Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey1
Authors: Ringelman Kevin M. , Williams Christopher K. , Castelli Paul M. , Sieges Mason L. , Longenecker Rebecca A. , Nichols Theodore C. , Earsom Stephen D.
Published: January 2018

The management of wintering North American waterfowl is based on the premise that the amount of foraging habitat can limit populations. To estimate carrying capacity of winter habitats, managers use bioenergetic models to quantify energy (food) availability and energy demand, and use results as planning tools to meet regional conservation objectives. Regional models provide only coarse estimates of carrying capacity because habitat area, habitat energy values, and temporal trends in population-level demand are difficult to quantify precisely at large scales. We took advantage of detailed data previously collected on wintering waterfowl at Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge and surrounding marsh, New Jersey, and created a well-constrained local model of carrying capacity. We used 1,223 core samples collected between 2006 and 2015 to estimate food availability. We used species-specific 24-h time–activity data collected between 2011 and 2013 to estimate daily energy expenditure, morphometrically corrected for site- and day-specific thermoregulatory costs. To estimate population-level energy demand, we used standardized monthly ground surveys (2005–2014) to create a migration curve, and proportionally scaled that to fit aerial survey data (2005–2014). Crucially, we also explicitly incorporated estimates of variance in all of these parameters and conducted a sensitivity analysis to diagnose the most important sources of variation in the model. Our results from an outlier-removed, a strict depletion model indicated that at estimated mean levels of supply (923 million kcal) and cumulative demand (3.4 billion kcal), refuge food resources were depleted before November. However, a constant-supply model that represented tidal replenishment of resources indicated that just enough energy was present to sustain peak winter populations. Variation in model output appeared to be driven primarily by uncertainty in population abundance during peak periods of use, emphasizing a new management focus on studying migration chronologies of waterfowl. This model allows for relative assessment of biases and uncertainties in carrying-capacity modeling, and serves as a framework identifying critical science needs to improve local and regional waterfowl management planning.
Quand les héritiers deviennent des « entrepreneurs » : les nouveaux appuis rhétoriques et pratiques de l’accumulation
Authors: Herlin-Giret Camille
Published: January 2018

Si la financiarisation des patrimoines n’est pas récente, l’introduction de nouveaux modes de détention a recomposé la morphologie du groupe des possédants. Ces transformations brouillent les divisions communes convoquées pour décrire ce groupe – travail et capital, patrimoine privé et patrimoine professionnel, héritage et fortunes nouvelles –, lesquelles ont pourtant trouvé un large écho dans le succès d’une rhétorique entrepreneuriale. Cette dernière fournit un principe solide de légitimation à l’accumulation de la richesse, mais contribue également à en masquer les ressorts, en construisant deux figures distinctes : celle du riche particulier et celle de l’entrepreneur fortuné. L’article montre ainsi combien les transformations du groupe des possédants sont difficilement saisissables et propose notamment d’examiner comment l’État participe au flou qui entoure l’appréhension de la richesse.
Le monopole de l’État français sur les jeux d’argent : de l’art d’extorquer des fonds aux plus démunis
Authors: Duroy Quentin , Wisman Jon D.
Published: January 2018

Notre étude s’inscrit dans une optique d’économie politique qui s’intéresse à l’impact socio-économique du monopole étatique sur les jeux de hasard et d’argent en France. Les recettes fiscales issues des jeux de tirage et de grattage, en particulier, placent un fardeau financier disproportionné sur les ménages à bas revenu. De la sorte, les produits de la Française des Jeux (FDJ) s’apparentent à des biens inférieurs (la consommation varie inversement au revenu) taxés à un taux exorbitant. De plus, la FDJ dont l’État est le principal actionnaire s’efforce, au travers de ses campagnes publicitaires, à encourager le jeu et à attirer un nombre croissant de joueurs. Grâce à une gamme de produits qui s’est étoffée considérablement ces dernières années, l’État donne l’illusion aux joueurs les plus vulnérables du point de vue économique d’un futur meilleur qui est, sur le plan des probabilités, quasi-impossible à atteindre. L’État se sert donc des jeux de hasard et d’argent à la fois comme outil fiscal et comme outil de contrôle social créant de la sorte une forme d’extorsion de fonds envers les plus démunis sans utiliser les recettes fiscales issues des jeux pour améliorer la situation de ces derniers. Loin de proposer une déréglementation du jeu, cet article offre une analyse institutionnelle du rôle de l’État et préconise une approche de la réglementation du jeu plus mesurée qui, d’une part, diminuerait l’attrait du jeu et, d’autre part utiliserait les recettes fiscales qui y sont associées à des fins d’intérêt public.
Characteristics of Career and Technical Education Faculty across Institutions of Higher Education in the United States
Authors: Fletcher Jr. Edward C.
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this article was to examine faculty characteristics of CTE programs across the nation as well as identify the challenges and successes of implementing programs. Findings pointed to the overall decline of CTE full-time-equivalent faculty and the increase of adjunct faculty. In addition, findings demonstrated a lack of ethnic and racial diversity among faculty in CTE programs as compared to white faculty. Further, faculty reported declining student enrollment, budget cuts and decreases in funding, and lack of faculty are growing challenges for implementing effective programs. They identified career placement of graduates, high-quality students and graduates, and student enrollment increases as areas of success. The viability of CTE undergraduate and graduate programs as well as the field-at-large are dependent on the creativity, success, productivity, and problem-solving of faculty as well as their abilities to address and overcome these challenges.
A Systematic Review of Using Discipline-Specific Corpora for Lexico-Grammatical Pattern Learning
Authors: Wu Shaoqun , Li Liang , Witten Ian , Yu Alex
Published: January 2018

This article reports on a language learning system and a program designed to help students with academic vocabulary in the New Zealand university computer science department. The system is a learner-friendly corpus-based tool that allows students to look up lexico-grammatical patterns of a given word in academic writing. The program, based on a data-driven learning approach, comprises tutorials, workshops, and follow-up exercises that help students learn useful formulaic patterns of academic words that are typical in computer science. The authors' results capture students' awareness of language patterns in academic text and their growing confidence in using academic words with the assistance of the tool. Not surprisingly, interpreting and transferring the corpus data into students' own writing requires training and practice. The effectiveness and limitations of the resources and tools used in this learning program are examined, and suggestions are made for further improvement and future research.
The Development of Online Friendship Scale
Authors: Helmi Avin Fadilla , Widhiarso Wahyu , Husna Aftina Nurul
Published: January 2018

This article discusses concept and measurement of online friendship in an Indonesian context. Online friendship is considered to be superficial due to the lack of face-to-face interaction and emotional intimacy. Based on grounded theory research, online friendship consists of five dimensions: caution, voluntariness, companionship, sharing, and mutual support (Study 1). UGM's Online Friendship Scale was developed as measurement of online friendship (Study 2). Initial set of items was administered to university students (N = 42) and resulted in 21 reliable items (r = .408-.687). Construct validity testing was appropriately used for the data (Bartlett's Test = 1174.1 (p<.05), KMO values = .837). CFA confirms that the online friendship scale is multidimensional. The factor loads came up with four dimensions: sharing (30.197%), voluntariness (8.576%), companionship (8.256%), and mutual support (7.769%). Sharing (information and knowledge) was the dimension with highest contribution, indicating online friendship serves more as means of networking between users rather than social bonding.