bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Adding Biomass Fly Ash to Co-Composting of Tree Pruning Waste and Cow Dung
Authors: Karnchanawong Somjai , Najarut Yaravee , Sawangpanyangkura Teerapong
Published: May 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding biomass fly ash to co-composting of tree pruning waste and cow dung. Shredded tree pruning waste and cow dung were used as compost mix. Biomass fly ash was added to achieve the following proportions: 0% (control), 4%, 8% and 12% (wt/wt). The mixtures, turned once a week, were composted in 120-L perforated polyethylene bins for 150 days. The temperature in the middle of the waste layer in each bin was recorded daily, and averaged 32.1-33.3°C. Compost was taken randomly from each bin once a week during turning and its characteristics analysed. The pH of the compost mixes gradually increased from 6.96-8.41 to 8.51-8.95. The EC of the compost mixes increased from 0.69-0.88 dS/cm to 0.97-1.21 dS/cm. The C/N ratio of the compost mixes decreased continuously from around 30 to stability at 12.96-14.04. The volatile solids of the compost mixes decreased continuously from 79.8-87.8% to stability at 55.4-68.5%. The initial NH3-N and NO3-N in the compost mixes were 9.1-11.5 and 1.75-3.03 mg/kg, respectively. The NH3-N contents decreased to 5.41-7.31 mg/kg, while the NO3-N increased to 6.45-7.84 mg/kg. We investigated more than half of the organic portion of each compost mix. Adding fly ash up to 12% (wt/wt) did not affect the composting process or resulting compost, and there was no indication that its high pH increased ammonia volatilization during composting.
Assessment of Hydrogen Sulfide Dispersion from Dumpsite Using AERMOD Modeling System
Authors: Kanabkaew Thongchai , Rakmak Nirattisai , Choosaeng Sukonta
Published: May 2014

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) isclassified as toxic gases that are commonly known to be generated from an anaerobic process, volcanic explosion and petroleum related processes. Low concentration of H2S causes irritation on human eyes and respiratory system as well as nuisance problem due to its rotten-egg smell. Insanitary dumpsite of municipal wastes containing high organic fraction could be a source of H2S emission, which affects the quality of life of nearby communities. This study assessed the H2S dispersion from dumpsite in Nakhon Si Thammarat using the source dispersion model, AERMOD. Emission rate of H2S generated at dumpsite was estimated using emission factor of 1.76 mg.m-2.d-1 taken from AP-42 (USEPA.). For meteorological data, hourly average data in 2012 were collected from three meteorological stations which were Nakhon Si Thammarat, Surat Thani and Trang Provinces. Meteorological data were primarily utilized from Nakhon Si Thammarat. Only missing values were filled by the data from Surat Thani and Trang, respectively. Results revealed that maximum concentrations of H2S in 2012 were 0.595, 0.066 and 0.058 ppb, respectively for 1 hour average (1st highest), 24 hour average (1st highest) and annual average over the study area of 10 km x 10 km surrounding the source. Maximum concentration of H2S emitted from dumpsite was mainly confined within 1.5 km surrounding the sources, particularly to the east and northeast area. The simulated concentrations of H2S did not exceed the suggested standard values; however, the 1st highest hourly average concentration was reached the odor threshold (0.5 ppb). To clarify the simulated H2S concentrations, further works should be included the field sampling of H2S at dumpsite to obtain the actual emission rate. Meteorological data in several years should be also used to provide the concrete pattern of H2S dispersion.
Preparation and Properties of Sponge Rubber Based on Natural Rubber and Cassava Starch
Authors: Temna Komsun , Saetung Nitinart , Saetung Anuwat
Published: May 2014

In this work, the sponge rubbers based on cassava starch masterbatch in latex phase with the difference technique (non-gelatinized and gelatinized cassava starch) were preformed. The cassava starch contents from 0 to 70 phr were also studied. The cure characteristic, mechanical and morphological properties were investigated. It was found that the scorch time and cure time were increased with an increasing of cassava starch contents in both techniques. The mechanical properties i.e., tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength were decreased with an increasing of cassava starch contents, except 500% modulus. However, the sponge based on gelatinized technique gave the better mechanical properties than that of non-gelatinized cassava starch. The SEM micrographs of sponge NR from gelatinized technique were also able to confirm a good interfacial interaction between hydrophilic cassava starch and hydrophobic NR.
Effect of Urease Dosages in Biocementation Process for Improving Strength of Sandy Soil
Authors: Iamchaturapatr Janjit , Piriyakul Keeratikan
Published: May 2014

Soil biocementation is the new technique using biochemical process to initiate the crystal forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to bind the soil particles resulting in soil mechanical improvement. This research examines the effect of urease (UR) dosages on the strength development of sandy soil in biocemented sand reactor (BSR). Our results found that urease dosages between 5-30% (v/v) affected the strength development in sandy soil in term of shear modulus (G). Addition of UR resulted on an increase of solution pH. Highest solution pH during the treatment was found at UR 20%, as well as highest G value. Formation of CaCO3 in biocemented sand could be useful for the stabilization of the sand or earth structures.
Optimization of COD Removal from an Aqueous Lignin Solution Using Photo-Fenton Reaction over Fe-Ce-Zn Catalysts
Authors: Neramittagapong Sutasinee , Neramittagapong Arthit , Choorueang Siwaporn
Published: May 2014

This work is an investigation of the effectiveness of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from synthesized lignin wastewater using photo-Fenton reaction over Fe-Ce-Zn catalysts. The synthesized lignin wastewater had the same COD concentration as the pulp processing wastewater. The treatment was done using photo-Fenton reaction with the metal catalysts (Fe-Ce-Zn). They were prepared by co-precipitation. The catalysts efficacies in reducing COD were tested. It was found that the addition of zinc influenced its reaction due to the increasing of semiconductor property to the light. Moreover, the high surface area of Fe-Ce-Zn catalyst enhanced the COD removal due to the synergy of the high adsorption capacity. Therefore, the Fe-Ce-Zn catalyst was studied to obtain the optimal condition for COD reduction. The conditions and parameters investigated were: pH, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the concentration of catalyst. The optimal condition was obtained using the Box-Behnken statistical experiment design (BBD) and the response surface methodology (RSM). It has been found that the pH and the concentration of catalyst had the significant effects on the reduction of COD. The concentration of H2O2 has no effect on the COD removal. The maximum COD removal (60%) was achieved at the pH of 5.2, 4 g/L of catalyst loading, and 366 mg/L of H2O2.
Environmental Risk Assessment of Mn, Cu and Fe in the Lam Takhong Reservoir, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand
Authors: Shutiwat Totsporn , Chinwetkitvanich Sopa , Kitkeaw Duangta , Pataranawat Poranee
Published: May 2014

Recently, usage of the metal-based pesticide especially manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) have been widely used in the agricultural area around the Lam Takhong Reservoir; the major water resource of Nakhon Ratchasima Province and the Southern I-Sarn. The exposures of these metals can causes neurological and Parkinson diseases. Therefore the objectives of this study were to investigate Mn, Cu, and Fe contaminations in the reservoir as well as the environmental risks by using hazard quotient (HQ). The results showed that the average concentrations of Mn, Cu, and Fe in water column were 0.05 mg/l, 0.01 mg/l, 0.39 mg/l in dry season and 0.08 mg/l, 0.01 mg/l, 0.53 mg/l in wet season, respectively. Mn and Cu concentrations were in normal range except those of Fe that were extremely high. Also, Mn and Cu in sediment were found in the normal range. Interestingly, high concentrations of Fe in sediment were found at many stations with respect of the parent materials in this area. Fortunately, there were no risks of Mn and Cu in both water column and sediment. However, Fe in sediment exceeded the recommended guideline. These results suggested that using Mn/Cu-based synthetic pesticides in this area might be limited with respect of Fe abundance that could enhanced the toxicity of Mn/Cu and might increased the incidents of neurological and Parkinson diseases.
Simulation of Nitrate Concentration Affected from Land Use Changes in the Lower Part of Yom River Basin,Thailand: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Boonkaewwan Satika , Chotpantarat Srilert
Published: May 2014

The Lower Yom River Basin is located in the north of Thailand. This study carried out to calibrate and validate using SWAT model in terms of streamflow and sediment concentration hydrographs (Year 2000-2012) for 3 RID streamflow gauging stations (the Royal Irrigation Department). The nitrates concentrations simulate have been influenced of land use changes during last ten years. Optimal values of model parameters derived from calibration and validation processes, which showed well fitted between observed and simulated results. In the last decade, particular in Lower Yom River, the land use change gradually transformed to be more paddy field and has been increased 127.48 km2 (approx. 0.87% increase), followed by urban area, which has been increased 196.66 km2 (approx. 1.35% increase), respectively. Average monthly concentration of nitrate increased 38.28 mg/l (approx.13.40 % increase), 43.17 mg/l (approx.12.00% increase), 43.02 mg/l (approx. 8.60% increase) at station Y.6, Y.4 and Y.17, respectively. Accordingly, on the basis of the results presented in this study, land use changes can significantly affect on concentrations of nitrate.
Slow Release Fertilizer Prepared from Leonardite and Zeolite
Authors: Chawakitchareon Petchporn , Poovuttikul Parkwan , Chantanurak Thanyanuch
Published: May 2014

This research aims to develop slow release fertilizers by using Leonardite and Zeolite. Two formulations of slow release fertilizer were prepared namely the Leonardite and Zeolite slow release fertilizer and the Leonardite slow release fertilizer. Theirnutrient releasing rates were investigated and comparedwith that of the commercially availableslow release fertilizer which contained N8:P24:K24.Specifically the slow release fertilizers were formulated from leonardite, zeolite and other fertilizer materials such as ammonium phosphate and potassium chloride. Each formulation was then pelletized and baked at 100°C for 1 hr to remove water; then they were kilned at 150°C for 1 hr. All the kilned fertilizers were analyzed subsequently by using the Fertilizer Test Kit (KU.5) to determine the releasing rates of the main N, P and K nutrients. Each fertilizer was immersed in distilled water and shakenat the speed of 150 rpm for 10 min, 30 min, 1 hr and 2 hr. The nutrients released into the distilled water were determined following the standard methodology. The results indicated that the nutrient releasing rates of the slow release fertilizer prepared from Leonardite and Zeolite were less than those observed in the commercial fertilizer.
Applying AHP to Evaluate Hydropower Projects of Lao PDR in Implementation of the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
Authors: Vorachit Bounkham , Srichetta Phanarut
Published: May 2014

Environmental protection is a major issue that is critical to the sustainable development of the country. The government of Lao PDR is taking the energy plan into consideration in order to manage and mitigate the negative impacts and to monitor the mitigation programs. Usually, the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report contains the terms and conditions with which the project developers must comply. In order to ensure that a project developer fully implements its commitment under EMMP, the MoNRE of Lao PDR have developed an environmental monitoring guideline and checklist which contains key indicators and parameters to be used by the monitoring authorities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the implementation of EMMP performed by 5 hydropower projects existing in Lao PDR, namely, Nam Thurn2, Nam Thurn Hinboun, Nam Ngum2, Num Lik1-2 and Num Ngum5. This study analyzed the monitoring data under multiple parameters including water quality, fish and fisheries, waste and pollution, watershed, downstream river flow, camp sites and construction sites, and reports, undertaken by different inspectors. The Analytic Hierarch Process (AHP) is accepted to be a powerful and flexible method for ranking decision alternatives and selecting the best ones when the decision makers have multiple criteria. Therefore, it is a selected tool used for determining the optimal hydropower project in Lao PDR based on the collected monitoring data. A case study was conducted to understand which one could be considered as the environmental friendly project and which parameter has the importance role to the accomplishment of project development.
Synthesis of New Bio-Based Thermoset Resin from Palm Oil
Authors: Fakhari Alireza , Rahmat Abdul Razak , Wahit Mat Uzir , Shoot Kian Yeong
Published: May 2014

New bio-based thermosetting resin was synthesized from palm oil. In this study the epoxy groups presented on the epoxidized palm oil (EPO) were first acrylated and then further maleinized. The acrylation reaction was done by introducing acrylic acid into epoxy group of the epoxidized palm oil. Hydroquinone and triethylamine were used as inhibitor and catalyst, respectively. This reaction was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). To render acid groups on the resulting monomer, the acrylated epoxidized palm oil (AEPO) was further reacted with maleic anhydride. The resulting maleinated acrylated epoxidized palm oil (MAEPO) was characterized by FTIR and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H NMR).
Developing River Lane as an Alternative for Water Tourism Destination — Case Study: “Kalimas” River Lane of Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Hastijanti Retno
Published: May 2014

Surabaya, is one of the oldest cities in Indonesia. Since 1612, Surabaya has been a very busy trading center. Kalimas River, which is the river that flowing in the middle of the city of Surabaya, necessarily be a "River of Gold". It is used by traders, as a transport route for carrying goods from central Java to Surabaya. And from Surabaya, these goods are distributed throughout the world. The river management of Kalimas River is very complex. On the other hand, the development of tourism in Surabaya is very encouraging. Then, it is needed to propose a new tourism destination base on the potential of Kalimas River. Because there is no type of water attractions in Surabaya yet, so we need a study that focused on understanding the river lane as an alternative of water attraction in Surabaya. This research will be done in the realm of qualitative research. Based on the research objectives, the type of research that will be applied research so that the results can be much easier to implement. As the summary, it concluded that there are 4 steps to develop the Kalimas River lane as an aternative for water tourism destination in Surabaya, which are improving the quality of its existing condition, developing its potential to serve the purpose of water tourism, achieving the needs and expectations of the citizens of Surabaya on the river lane as an alternative water tourism destination, and finding new icon for Surabaya water tourism.
Efficiency Analysis for Sustainable Mobility — The Design of a Mechanical Vector in Amalfi Coast (Italy)
Authors: de Mare Gianluigi , Nesticò Antonio
Published: May 2014

Efficient urban infrastructure interventions make it possible to pursue goals of sustainable mobility, that nowadays are extremely important in light of the need to reduce the negative impact produced by human activities on the environment. In addition and to a no lesser extent, the implementation of the investment requires the monetary resources to realise the works. In relation to this aspect, the scarcity of public funds in the current economic contingency makes the involvement of private capital and entrepreneurial skills indispensable in the execution and performance of these works.This work shows how the use of a suitable economic evaluation model is indispensable in order to encourage public-private partnerships aimed at the execution and correct management of an intervention in the field of sustainable mobility. The proposed evaluation model implements the instrument of inter-sectorial matrices, which allow to determine the impacts (output) generated by a change in aggregate demand (input, such as the investment costs in an industry) on the economy of the territory where the matrix is associated.The analysis and calculations are carried out in relation to the project for the construction of a mechanical vector in the town of Vietri sul Mare in the province of Salerno (Italy), which is useful in ensuring the decongestion of road traffic and the consequent reduction in travel times along the Amalfi Coast.
A New Method to Recharge Groundwater Using Subsurface Drain
Authors: Smittakorn Sunisa , Dechakampoo Songpon , Suetrongtrakool Surawat
Published: May 2014

Subsurface drainage systems are widely used in agricultural area, when waterlogging and salinity are problems. Subsurface system can also help increasing the potential for infiltration. In this work, an application of subsurface drainage integrated with the decontamination system using activated carbon is proposed as a mean to recharge groundwater during the flood. Concern over the potential contaminating groundwater with urban runoff could be eliminated by the pretreated system incorporated with the recharging unit. A small model of the subsurface system envelope was tested to verify the activated carbon as a potential filled material. The result showed that the slope of the perforated pipe posed little or no effect on the flow rate in pipe due to the size of the model. For this preliminary study, it is highly possible to use activated carbon as filled material in subsurface systems for recharging groundwater.
Correlation of Outcrop Hydraulic Conductivity with its Aquifer: A Case Study of the Phu Phan Sandstone in Northeast, Thailand
Authors: Cotanont Thidarat , Buaphan Chalong , Kromkhun Kamonporn
Published: May 2014

Fractured rock aquifers provide the most extensive groundwater resources in Northeast Thailand. The hydraulic conductivity (K) of these aquifers controls the flow of water and is therefore, an essential parameter for groundwater modeling and management. K values may be directly determined by conducting pumping tests at the aquifer or by performing fracture analysis using data acquired from outcrops. The K value at outcrop should be greater than that at aquifer of deeper position due to the effect of aperture reduction by overburden compression. The goal of this study was therefor to find the correlation between K values determined from outcrop with those directly measured at an aquifer. This study was conducted on the Phu Phan sandstone aquifer at the Huay Luang watershed, Udon Thani Province of Northeast Thailand. The orientation, aperture, and spacing of fractures were measured at four outcrops and used for determining the K values by fracture analysis. Single well pump test data from 17 wells in the Phu Phan aquifer (30-120 m depth) were analyzed to obtain transmissivity (T) and K. Both sets of the K values, from outcrop and aquifer, were correlated using the plotting position of Weibull. Both plots were linear on a semi-log scale but the outcrop curve was steeper. Lognormal distributions fitted both plotting positions quite well. These results show that for the same probability value, K values found from the pumping test to be about an order of magnitude smaller than K values determined from outcrop data.
Time-Coordination-Based Fault Protection System for Power Distribution Network
Authors: Phothilath Khamhyo , Tonmitra Kittipong , Kaewrawang Arkom , Artrit Pramin
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we present our study of the 22 kV power distribution network at Sisaket substation in Vientiane. Based on the simulation using Digsilent power factory software (DPFS), the protection device, particularly fuses and the reclosers, can be coordinated in time to better protect the system against both temporary and permanent faults, and consequently, the reliability of the system can be improved. Furthermore, the saving fuse and choosing the new protection device to prevent the distribution network is considered in this paper.
Novel Method for Recycle Epoxy Resin from Waste Printed Circuit Board
Authors: Dangtungee Rapeephun , Siengchin Suchart , Kitpaosong Chaisiri
Published: May 2014

This research was aimed to study and develop a method for recycle epoxy resin from waste printed circuit board by hot solvent methods and DMSO/NaOH catalytic extraction method. It was found that the pressure tank system, sub set of hot solvent method, variable as following; pressure of 15 bar, temperature of 80 °C, reaction time for 6 h and ethyl acetate solvent presented maximum yield 50.46 %, while DMSO/NaOH catalytic system at 145 °C for 5 h was found maximum yield of 42.97 %. Recycled epoxy resin, the final product from hot solvent and DMSO/NaOH catalytic were showed similarly clear orange-yellow high viscosity. Comparatively, DMSO/NaOH system showed slightly darker color than that of hot solvent system. Functional group at 3000-2850, 1480-1540 and 1020-1040 cm-1, characterized from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), indicated that the both product were alkane, aromatic, and phenyl-O-C group, respectively. It could be confirmed that the beneficial functional group of recycled epoxy resin was appeared as a new epoxy resin.
Study of Interleaved Double Dual Boost Converter for Renewable Energy Source System
Authors: Phattanasak Matheepot , Kaewmanee Wattana , Martin Jean Philippe , Pierfederici Serge , Davat Bernard
Published: May 2014

This paper presents an interleaved double dual boost converter used in renewable energy application, for example, photovoltaic cell. The converter is interesting because its high voltage gain property. Its operating functions in the possible cases are detailed. Moreover, the presence of negative current in a certain operating point is investigated. The validation of the proposed system is done through experimental results.
Design and Analysis of a Generalized Dual Fibonacci Converter Using Improved Charge Reusing Techniques
Authors: Eguchi Kei , Oota Ichirou , Terada Shinya , Fujimoto Kuniaki
Published: May 2014

For energy-harvesting systems utilizing thermoelectric energy, a dual Fibonacci converter using power saving techniques is proposed. Compared with conventional converters, the proposed converter can provide higher output voltages without magnetic components. The output voltage of the proposed converter is expressed by the k-step (2, 3, 4 ...) Fibonacci numbers. Furthermore, a novel control technique is proposed to utilize the energy stored in stray parasitic capacitances effectively. The result of simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) simulations shows that the proposed converter can provide higher output voltages than conventional converters. Furthermore, more than 8.4% of power efficiency is improved by the proposed technique.
All Current-Mode Operate in High Precision Vector Summation Circuit
Authors: Burapattanasiri B. , Rodthong S. , Rerkmaneewan T.
Published: May 2014

This paper presents all current-mode operate in high precision vector summation circuit used CMOS technology 0.5 um level 3. The structure of the circuit consists of two parts: a squared and current mirror circuit. This is designed to work in all current modes which relies equations, quadratic functions. Make use fewer transistors, makes it easy to understand, but the number of transistors with high fidelity and distortion of the signal. The simulation of the circuit relies on the CMOS during saturation. With input sinusoidal input signal displayed by using the PSpice circuit analysis.
The Low Cost LabVIEW Wireless Instrument
Authors: Prommee Witoon
Published: May 2014

This paper proposed low cost instruments for wireless communication based on LabVIEW program. Conventional monitoring and controlling method using LabVIEW need several unique devices including data acquisition card (DAQ), RS232, wireless data acquisition (WDA), the serial and parallel interfaces which lead to expensive cost and complex system. This paper explains the new design of wireless interface devices which uses Wi-Fi USB, MCU board, and RS232 using LabVIEW to save cost. The objective is to develop low cost and easy tools for wireless monitor and interface. Five cases are considered including LED, traffic light, stepping motor, DC volt meter, and temperature data logger on the IEEE 802.11 standard. The experiment results show the developed programs which can remote instruments on a monitor accurately.
Enhance Wi-Fi Fingerprinting Indoor-Positioning by Error Flag Framework
Authors: Premchaisawatt Shutchon , Ruangchaijatupon Nararat
Published: May 2014

This research aims to purpose the new method, which is called Error Flag Framework (EFF) to enhance accuracy fingerprinting indoor positioning of wireless device by using machine learning algorithms. EFF is compared with well-known machine learning classifiers; i.e. Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, and Artificial Neural Networks, by exploiting the signal strength from limited information. The performance comparison is done in terms of accuracy of classification of positions, precision of distance classified, and effects of classification of positions on results from quantity of learning data. The result of this study can suggest that EFF can increase performance for indoor positioning of every well-known classifier, especially when the quantity of learning data is large enough. Hence, EFF is the alternate way for implementing in positioning software by using the fingerprinting method.
Fairness-Based Resource Allocation with Minimum Rate Guarantee in a Multiuser OFDMA System
Authors: Ruangchaijatupon Nararat , Ji Yu Sheng , Charnsripinyo Chalermpol , Sonehara Noboru
Published: May 2014

We propose a resource allocation scheme based on Proportional Fairness (PF) for minimum bit rate guarantee in a multiuser, frequency-selective frame-based OFDMA system. Instead of considering subcarrier-and-bit allocation, we consider a more realistic scheduling which is performed at the beginning of each frame, while allowing time-slots multiplexing among active users. Our scheme aims to guarantee different minimum bit rates to different users, while throughput fairness among users is maintained. We formulate the optimization problem based on a multichannel proportional fairness objective function. Minimum bit rate guarantee is taken as the constraint. The optimization problem is solved by using the Lagrange multiplier method. Then, we use our fast cross-layer approach integrated to our optimization solution to schedule packets from finitely backlogged queues. Simulations with user mobility are conducted. The results show that the proposed scheme can serve users with satisfied minimum bit rate requirement. Furthermore, the simulation results also confirm throughput fairness among users.
A Simple Artificial Solar Cell for Laboratory Study
Authors: Photong Chonlatee
Published: May 2014

Using actual solar cells for laboratory study may encounter some problems related to uncontrollable test environment and large operating area. Artificial solar cells which can provide electric properties similar to the actual cells but with controllable test features and less operating area therefore are usually used instead. However, most artificial solar cells relatively have high cost and complex. This paper presents an alternative structure of artificial cells. The proposed artificial solar cell consists of a DC current source, a string of series diodes, a diode and two resistors. As only few elements are used for the cell, the proposed cell can achieve simple configuration, small in size, light in weight and inexpensive. The experimental results show that the proposed cell can generate correct electrical outputs with the error less than 5% compared to the actual cell.
Design of Multilayer Polarization Beam Splitters Using Multiobjective Evolutionary and Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Kaewrawang Arkom , Wannawong Naruemon
Published: May 2014

Multilayer polarization beam splitters (MPBSs) are important optical components in optical communication systems and optical devices. The components of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) light plane wave in MPBSs are separated in different ways. In this paper, the Pareto optimization (multiobjective evolutionary and genetic algorithms) is used to design MPBSs on C-band frequency. The reflectances of TM light plane wave for Pareto optimization are the lowest and zero at the wavelength of 1.535 μm. The degree of polarization for Pareto optimization is the highest at wavelength from 1.528 - 1.54 μm and reaches 100% at wavelength of 1.535 μm.
Joule Heating and Peltier Effects in Thermoelectric Spin-Transfer Torque Mram Devices Using Finite Element Modeling
Authors: Harnsoongnoen Supakorn , Phaengpha N. , Ritjaroenwattu S. , Charoen-In U. , Siritaratiwat Apirat
Published: May 2014

This paper reports the Joule heating and Peltier effects in thermoelectric spin-transfer torque MRAMs (TSTT-MRAMs). The simulation was undertaken based on the current-induced magnetization switching at the MgO/CoFe magnetic tunnel junction. Thermal and heat flux distributions of the TSTT-MRAM cells were simulated and analyzed using finite-element modeling. The Joule heating and Peltier effects lead to the increases in the temperature and heat flux distributions at the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) as well as the thermoelectric module. The maximum temperature of Peltier effect is higher than Joule heating effect when voltage amplitude below 0.77V. Some practical data for the STT-MRAM were also reported.
Effect of Copper Wire Placement Speed Analysis on Actuator Arm by Finite Element
Authors: Wannapop Rangsan , Jearsiripongkul Thira , Boonluang Thawatchai
Published: May 2014

This research represents a design and analysis of Automatic loading copper wire machine for the actuator arm (ALCM). The process of copper wire placement on a single actuator arm type compensates human workers. In this research, copper wire placement set is made as a 3D model by computer program before undergoes arrangement analysis via explicit dynamic finite element method to study a suitable speed for copper wire placing. It is considered by characteristics of copper wire after placed and failures occurred during the process that will define suitable speed of motor rotation. The suitable speed is corresponding to copper wire characteristic as preferred, prevent copper wire fracture and time reduction compare to human work.
Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks: Solvability Improvement Technique Using Priori Information from Sensing Data and Network Properties in Unit Disk Graph Model
Authors: Kaewprapha Phisan
Published: May 2014

From the theoretical point of view, network localization can be viewed as finding a unique solution from distances constraint among points. The one of the difficulties is that even if the network is uniquely localizable, it is proven to be an NP-Hard [1]. It is also true that the network graph has to be sufficiently dense [2]. This poses even more challenges to the original problem as we often work on sparse networks. To cope with this, in [3], we introduce priori knowledge to assist the process of finding the unique localization solution. It helps to speed up the searching algorithm; however, the ambiguity still exists among sparse networks. In this paper we try to bring as much priori knowledge as possible to assist or to be used as constraints. Hopefully this will reduce search space and reach the unique solution quickly. In clean environment, this extra info will, by some magnitude, bring the graph closer to the unique answer. We start from integer-coordinate noise-free position and then add sources of priori knowledge. Then we examine the case where assisted data can be noisy. A search is used within the noisy but useful constraint. The justification of using the assisted knowledge is from the practical uses of some networks, e.g. sensor network, where other measurements are available and they are often correlated and can be helpful in determining the positions.
Energy Consumption of Rental Houses for the Low-Income Class in South Korea
Authors: Park Jong Cheon , Lee Kang Guk , Hong Won Hwa , Joo Chi Hong
Published: May 2014

In this study investigates the energy consumption patterns and building facilities of rental houses for the low-income class in South Korea, and presents the results as base materials that will be needed to realize energy welfare in the country.
Properties of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Cement Mortars as a Function of Type of Fiber
Authors: Lee Seung Jo
Published: May 2014

Eight hybrid fiber reinforced cement mortar (HFRC) mixes reinforced with Garnet-Nylon, Polypropylene (PP), Steel Fiber (SF) was tested in order to examine the effect of the W/B and replacement ratio of the Garnet-Nylon, PP, SF on the properties of matter and different material properties of HFRC. Main variables investigated were W/B and replacement ratio of the Garnet and Nylon, PP, SF. The measured material properties of fiber reinforced NS (Nylon-SF) specimens were analyzed using the two types of strength and compared with those recorded with PS (PP-SF) specimens. The flow of HFRC increased with the increase of the W/B. In addition, compressive strength, bending of HFRC was higher than those of replacement ratio of the Garnet-fibers, though the total HFRC was lower than that with NS-GA-01 specimen. For enhancing the toughness and strength of HFRC, using the GA of 5 % and Nylon of 0.1 %, PP of 0.1%, SF of 0.4% replacement ratio was more effective than using the GA of 20 % and Nylon of 0.4 %, PP of 0.4%, SF of 0.8% replacement ratio.
Study on Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Mortar
Authors: Madhav T. Venu , Krishna C. Radha , Reddy I.V. Ramana , Ghorpade Vaishali G.
Published: May 2014

India is one of the Developing countries that needs to face the environmental pollution. Have many ways to reduce environmental pollution that causes by production of Portland cement and cause by the increasing of waste material. This paper studies the strength development in geopolymer mortar using industrial by-products. Geopolymer is the term used to represent the binders produced by polymeric reaction of alkaline liquid with silicon and aluminium as source materials. The by-product materials considered in this study are combination of GGBFS and Fly ash. The experimental program involves casting of geopolymer mortar cubes and testing them at 1 day, 3 days and 7 days for compressive strength. Different parameters considered in this study are ratio of sodium hydroxide to sodium meta silicate (1:1 & 1:2 ) and alkaline fluid to binder ratio Keeping 12-Molarity of the alkaline liquid as constant. It can be concluded that the strength increased with an increase in the quantity of GGBFS.
A Study on Effective Strains in Different FRP Shear Strengthening Schemes for Analytical Optimized Truss Models
Authors: Yin Hor , Teo Wee
Published: May 2014

This paper presents an optimized truss model based on the principle of minimum total energy theorem. Six most recent effective strain ɛfrp,e models including three design guidelines were selected for the analysis. Three reinforced concrete beams strengthened with different fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) schemes were chosen. Comparing with current design guidelines, the results of these three beams indicate that the optimized model is promising and encouraging.
The Strength of GFRP Gratings under Accelerated Ageing Process
Authors: Izzuddin Amir , Akbar Ibrisam
Published: May 2014

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) gratings are normally made of two types of processes which are molded and pultruded. It consists of glass fiber and bonding matrixes of vinyl ester (VE), polyester (PE), or phenolic (PHE). The great improvement in strength to weight ratio compare to steel and high resistivity to corrosion makes GFRP grating preferable. However, the use of GFRP grating in offshore is scarce due to issues related to durability and the harsh environment Based on the observation, the accelerated ageing process affects the performance of GFRP gratings by reducing its strength in flexural static load test. Therefore; this study concentrates on the effect of accelerated ageing on GFRP grating. A total of 18 GFRP grating specimens which consist of 6 each of molded Vinyl Ester, molded Polyester and pultruded Phenolic. The entire specimens were aged by immersion in seawater at elevated temperature (60 °C) for the period of 2 month. The main parameters concerns in this study are 1) Max Load vs. Immersion Period, 2) Max Load vs. Deflection graph of results.
Effect of Microwave Incinerated Rice Husk Ash (MIRHA) on Workability and Compressive Strength of Concrete
Authors: Elhsameed Asma Abd , Shafiq Nasir , Nuruddin Muhd Fadhil
Published: May 2014

Agricultural and industrial by-products are commonly used in concrete production as cement replacement materials (CRMs) or as admixtures to enhance both fresh and hardened properties of concrete as well as to save the environment from the negative effects caused by their disposal. This paper presents some findings on the effect of Microwave Incinerated Rice Husk Ash (MIRHA) on workability and compressive strength of concrete. It was obtained that the inclusion of MIRHA as partial replacement of cement could significantly improve the compressive strength of hardened concrete while reducing the workability of fresh concrete.
Energy Efficient Construction Using Carbon Neutral Blocks
Authors: Narsing Rao Sudom , Ravande Kishore
Published: May 2014

The present paper highlights the adoption of carbon neutral building blocks in various structural elements of building to reduce GHG emissions. The Soil-Cement Fly Ash (SCF) blocks developed can be used in masonry, lintels and slab panels to reduce energy to a greater extent. While the energy content of the block developed is zero (carbon neutral), the energy content of the masonry wall can be reduced from 100% for a conventional masonry to 8% for energy efficient masonry wall. With the use of the blocks in the floor/roof as filler material, the energy content can be reduced from 100% for a conventional slab to 59% for SCF block panel. As the blocks are true and square, there is no need of plastering and on an average the overall reduction in energy achieved would be 74%. The reduction in GHG emissions with energy efficient construction using carbon neutral block (SCF block) is 68% compared to conventional construction. The research work presented in this paper envisages high potential for carbon neutral block in reducing GHG emissions besides making the house cost effective to the extent of 40%.
Effect of Titanium Oxide on Fire Performance of Intumescent Fire Retardant Coating
Authors: Aziz Hammad , Ahmad Faiz , Zia-ul-Mustafa Muhammad
Published: May 2014

The objective of this research work was to study the thermal efficiency of intumescent fire retardant coating (IFRC) designed to protect structural steel in event of fire. IFRC has been effectively developed by using ammonium polyphosphate (APP), expandable graphite (EG), melamine (MEL), boric acid (BA), titanium oxide (TiO2), and bisphenol A BE-188 with polyamide amine H-2310 as curing agent. Six formulations were developed using different weight percentage (wt. %) of TiO2 and samples were tested for char expansion in furnace at 500°C for 2 h. Bunsen burner test was used to investigate the thermal performance of coating and its performance was compared by using thermal margin value. FESEM was used for char morphology. Char composition was analyzed by XRD and FTIR. Results showed that the coating with 4 wt. % of TiO2 provides better thermal insulation to the steel substrate.
Low Carbon City Planning Method Based on Value Engineering Theory
Authors: Zhu Feng Yun , Li Hong Yan , Sun Xiao Ru
Published: May 2014

Exploration of low carbon city planning is the key to achieve sustainable development, which also has important meaning for the construction of energy-saving society. The value engineering theory was introduced into low carbon urban planning in this work, with the analysis method of three steps proposed. Firstly, sort out the planning index system and determine the key parameters. Secondly, quantify the value coefficient of each parameter by the expert scoring method. Lastly, get the highest priority value coefficient to achieve the purpose of carbon effect with lowest cost. Through illustrating the principle of the method by an example, the actual meaning of low carbon city planning using value engineering theory was proved effective.
Basic Principles for Integrated Building Sustainability Assessment System Focused on Carbon Emissions
Authors: Jung Ho Gun , Shin Sung Woo
Published: May 2014

Globally or regionally Building Sustainability Assessment Systems (LEED, BREEAM, CASBEE, Green-star, G-SEED and etc.) have been developed and green building market has been growing rapidly. Through updating regularly, these assessment systems have been evaluated themselves. For increasing quantitative efficiency and satisfying social requirement, it was adopted that carbon emission assessment reflects regional specifics and system characteristics. Carbon emission assessment in buildings differs with other industry. Defining scope, boundary and method should be fitted into building level. In this study describe blueprint for integrated building sustainability assessment system focused on carbon emissions to achieving sustainability and considering stakeholders needs. The basic 5 principles are TBL concept, Eco-efficiency, Life Cycle, Top-down/Bottom-up approach and Integrated Design Process. Next generation of building sustainability assessment system should evaluate based on strength of these principle, furthermore those would be used for core concepts of Green Building Index.
Students Waste Reduction Intentions for Greener Hostel Buildings in Universities
Authors: Jibril Jibril Danazumi , Bin Sipan Ibrahim , Sapri Maimunah
Published: May 2014

This study predicts the reduction behavioral intention of students residing in universities hostel buildings, by examining the effect of socio-demographic background, using theory of planned behavior. A total sample of 234 (49.8%) students from Bayero University Kano and 236 (50.2%) from Ahmadu Bello University Zaria have completed the questionnaires that consist of measures related to their self-reported waste reduction behavioral intentions (RBI), attitudes, subjective norms and their behavioral control towards the waste reduction practice. Structural Equation Modeling (SME) were used, which predicts that subjective norms have strongest influence towards reduce behavioral practice, while perceived behaviour control is the second, finally attitude have a negative influence on RBI. In accordance this variables may likely improve the predictive validity of the existing conceptual models of waste reduction behavioral intentions for a green hostel buildings.
Use of Natural Ventilation in Malaysia's Future Green Housing
Authors: Gharakhani Alireza , Sediadi Eka , Hayat Khan Tareef , Sabzevar Hadi Bagheri
Published: May 2014

Within the Asia Pacific region, Malaysias WAWASAN 2020 creates the vision of being a green country. Accordingly, the Malaysian Government has established the mission of reducing the carbon emission. The programs include the projects targeting the energy efficiency and saving within the housing and residential buildings that must meet the Green Building criteria to achieve the sustainable architectural design. Renewable energy sources, like wind or solar energy, can be used to ventilate. The review of previous researchers shows that the use of the natural ventilation system decreases the electricity consumption of a simulated housing in the hot and humid climatic conditions such as Malaysia. The purpose of this research is a review of consumes renewable energies such as solar energy and wind for passive cooling. To test the benefit of natural ventilation system, this paper reviewed some analysis that had used simulation software such as CFD.
The Parameters of Sustainable Landscape in Persian Garden Design
Authors: Fadaie Honey , Mofidi Shemirani Seyed Majid
Published: May 2014

This paper concentrates of results based on study on sustainable parameters in the creation of Persian garden in arid regions of Iran. Persian garden has had special role to moderate local climates for many centuries and nowadays the recognitions of its sustainable features could be a strategy to reduce the total energy consumption. By the analysis of sustainable characteristics of Persian garden, the main goal is to identify sustainable parameters in landscape design for present and future with similar climates could be obtained.
Green Environment and Sustainable Development, the Result of Cement Conservation
Authors: Jamalpour Saeed , Peirovi Mohamad , Jamalpour Reza
Published: May 2014

In todays world, pollution is one of the most critical and acute problems resulted by human civilization which threatens the cycle and system of life, and nowadays, pollution of the environment is not an isolated problem which a special country is concerned with. The pollutant molecule that enters the environment in Europe can reach the lungs of people living in the heart of jungles in Africa or in vast plains in Asia. One of the pollutant industries which heavily affect the environment is the industry of Portland cement production. In the process of producing cement, different kinds of pollutants including Carbon Dioxide go into the environment, and as a result, this industry stands above the majority of industries regarding the pollutant emission rate. If the number of construction projects is considered as an indicator of every countrys development, the considerable use of concrete in projects carried out in developing and developed countries, and the accelerating competition of these countries for development lead to the rapid growth in use of concrete whose main material is Portland cement, and this trend results in intensifying the effects of pollutants on the environment. As concrete should be produced to the extent needed for use, and as the concrete consumption is growing, the production of cement should be increased, and this leads to a greater cycle of pollution. Thus, as prevention is considered one of the best ways to fight pollution, with conservation of cement in concrete, not only isnt any disturbance caused in development trend, but also the cost of projects will be reduced, and due to the reduction in cement consumption, countries can benefit from sustainable development, adjust the production of cement and lower the pollution caused by cement production, and as a result, reach green environment more easily. In the present article, the effect of Portland cement production in polluting the environment as well as the conservation of cement in Iran was studied and the results were reported.