bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DURASI PENGGUNAAN GADGET TERHADAP PERSONAL SOSIAL PADA ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH: LITERATUR REVIEW
Authors: Oktafia Dinda Puput , Triana Noor Yunida , Suryani Roro Lintang
Published: November 2023

Latar belakang: Gadget salah satu alat media yang digunakan untuk melakukan sebuah interaksi sosial, khususnya yaitu melakukan kontak sosial maupun berkomunikasi. Penggunaan media gadget pada anak yang berusia 5 tahun di Indonesia sejumlah 38% pada tahun 2011, dan meningkat menjadi 72% pada tahun 2013, pada tahun 2015 ada peningkatan menjadi 80%. Angka kejadian masalah perkembangan pada anak yang terjadi di Indonesia antara 13-18%. Anak prasekolah mempunyai masalah sosial emosional yang berpengaruh negatif terhadap perkembangan personal sosial dan kesiapan sekolahnya. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan durasi penggunaan gadget dengan personal sosial pada anak usia prasekolah. Metode: Sumber untuk melakukan tinjauan literatur ini meliputi studi pencarian sistematis database terkomputerisasi dari academic search research, google scholar, BMJ, Pubmed berjumlah 12 jurnal dengan periode 2016-2020). Hasil: Anak yang menggunakan gadget lebih dari sama dengan 1 jam akan memberikan pengaruh pada personal sosial anak. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil literature review, didapatkan kesimpulan sebagai berikut: 1. Anak usia prasekolah dimulai dari usia 4 hingga 6 tahun. 2. Responden didominasi anak perempuan. 3. Durasi penggunaan gadget tidak lebih dari sama dengan 1 hingga 2 jam/hari. 4. Durasi penggunaan gadget lebih dari sama dengan 1 hingga 2 jam/hari berdampak pada personal sosial anak pra sekolah.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA JENIS KELAMIN DAN PROGRAM STUDI DALAM MEMPENGARUHI PENGETAHUAN BANTUAN HIDUP DASAR PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Rahmawati Wahyu Dwi , Sukmaningtyas Wilis , Muti Refa Teja
Published: November 2023

Henti jantung terjadi pada saat sistem listrik jantung mengalami malfungsi dan tiba-tiba menjadi sangat tidak beraturan. Jantung berdenyut cepat, otot ventrikel mengalami fibrilasi sehingga darah tidak bisa diteruskan ke seluruh tubuh. Pengetahuan Bantuan Hidup Dasar sangat penting dimiliki oleh masyarakat terutama masyarakat awam khusus seperti mahasiswa Fakultas Kesehatan yang merupakan ujung tombak tim medis dimasa yang akan datang, sehingga penting bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Kesehatan apabila mempunyai pengetahuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dan keterampilan yang mumpuni dalam melakukan Bantuan Hidup Dasar pada kejadian henti jantung. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara jenis kelamin dan program studi dalam mempengaruhi pengetahuan Bantuan Hidup Dasar pada mahasiswa. Metode penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan metode pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling purposive sampling pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kesehatan Universitas Harapan Bangsa sejumlah 111 mahasiswa. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu analisis univariate dan bivariate. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis kelamin dan program studi dengan pengetahuan Bantuan Hidup Dasar pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kesehatan Universitas Harapan Bangsa dengan nilai p-value jenis kelamin (0,001) dan program studi (0,024) kurang dari 0,05.
PENGARUH PERAWATAN DENGAN REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH MERAH TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA GANGREN PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS
Authors: Rudatin Susilo , Triana Noor Yunida , Suandika Made
Published: November 2023

Latar Belakang: Luka gangren semakin meningkat didunia. Perawatan luka gangren harus dilakukan sesuai dengan prosedur dan menjamin peralatan serta perlengkapan yang digunakan steril. Ulkus atau gangren diabetik memberi dampak luar biasa kepada penderitanya
Tujuan: penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh perawatan dengan rebusan daun sirih merah terhadap penyembuhan luka gangren pasien diabetes melitus dan juga mengidentifikasi karakteristik responden seperti usia, jenis kelamin dan kadar glukosa darah sewaktu.
methode: Pra eksperimental dengan pre and post test design telah digunakan dan analisis uji t independen mengetahui pengaruh sebelum dan sesudah terapi pemberian rebusan daun sirih merah pada luka gangren dengan nilai Skala Bates Jensen Wound Assesment Tool (BWAT) untuk evaluasinya.
Results: Usia rata-rata pada kelompok perlakuan sebesar 58,48 tahun. Jenis kelamin yang paling dominan adalah perempuan (69,6%). Sedangkan tipe DM yang paling dominan adalah yang memiliki gula darah dalam kategori tinggi (82,6%). dari analisis menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh perawatan luka dengan menggunakan rebusan daun sirih dengan proses penyembuhan luka dengan p value 0,000(p kurang dari 0,05)
Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini berhasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian rebusan daun sirih lebih mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka sehingga proses penyembuhan luka pada pasien dapat membaik dan diharapkan dapat menghindari faktor pemicu terjadinya komplikasi luka ulkus diabetikum.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN DENGAN PENILAIAN SIKAP PADA MATA KULIAH PKK MAHASISWA SEMESTER VIII STIKES MEDISTRA INDONESIA
Authors: Nurali Eva Julianti , Agustina Lisna , Dedu Baltasar S.S
Published: November 2023

Attitude in nursing is called an important determinant of behavior, the attitude that exists in a person will give a picture of a person by knowing a person's attitude will be able to predict how the response or action will be taken by the person to a problem. So that this attitude is important for communication in nursing is called therapeutic communication. The existence of a communication in nursing can minimize the occurrence of errors or misunderstandings in the nursing process. Attitude assessment needs to be based on the knowledge of therapeutic communication, obtained since becoming a nursing student. But in fact nursing students are still found to have poor therapeutic communication attitudes.Research purposes : This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge of nursing students' therapeutic communication with attitude assessment in the VIII semester student PKK course of STIKes Medistra Indonesia.Research methods : The research used is quantitative, analytical observational research design and using a cross sectional approach. The population is nursing students in the VIII semester PKK course STIkes Medistra Indonesia in 2022 totaling 133 students with a sample of 100 respondents. Data collection technique using simple random sampling.Research result :  It was found that with a significant level or value of , p value was 0.000 < value 0.05, there was a correlation between Therapeutic Communication Knowledge and attitude assessment in the PKK course for Nursing Students in Semester VIII STIKes Medistra Indonesia in 2022.Conclusion : There is a Relationship between Knowledge of Therapeutic Communication and attitude assessment in the PKK course by Nursing Students in Semester VIII of STIKes Medistra Indonesia in 2022.
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ASI EKSLUSIF DENGAN KUALITAS BERAT BADAN PADA ANAK USIA 0-6 BULAN DI DESA RANCABANGO PATOKBEUSI
Authors: Mulyani Tika Sri , Santosa Puji Raharja , Agustina Lisna , Fauziah Fauziah , Rahmawati Rahmawati
Published: November 2023

Breast milk is the first natural food for babies that provides all the vitamins, minerals, and all the nutrients needed by babies for growth in the first six months and no other food or fluids are needed. Breast milk fulfills half or more of a child's nutritional needs in the first to second year of life (WHO, 2002). Body weight is one of the anthropometric indicators to assess growth in infants or children. There are several ways that can be done to increase the baby's weight by providing good nutrition. Research objective:to determine the relationship between. exclusive breastfeeding intake and the quality of body weight in children aged 0-6 months in the village of  Rancabango Patokbeusi Subang Research method:This research method is correlative analytic using a cross sectional study approach. The population of this study is infants aged 0-6 months with exclusive breastfeeding at the UPTD Public Health Center of Rancabango Patokbeusi Subang. By using purposive sampling technique. Research Results:based on the results of statistical analysis using the Chi Square test obtained a P_Value of 0.001<0.05. This shows that Ha is accepted. Conclusion: there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding intake and the quality of body weight in children aged 0-6 months in the village of Rancabango Patokbeusi Subang.
THE CORELATION IN STRESS LEVELS AND BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS OF YOUNG PARENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS IN RT 007 RW 001 JAYALAKSANA VILLAGE CABANGBUNGIN DISTRICT, BEKASI REGENCY
Authors: Maswiyah Maswiyah , Gea Nurti Yunika Kristina , Meliyana Ernauli
Published: November 2023

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disorder of the pancreas, an organ that can produce insulin. Diabetes cannot be cured, but it can be controlled with lifelong medication. People with diabetes mellitus of course have taboos on eating foods that contain a lot of sugar and reduce fat consumption because it is feared to make blood sugar exceed normal limits.
Stress experienced by people with diabetes mellitus can have an impact on glucose control disorders. In a state of stress there will be an increase in excess production of cortisol, high stress can trigger an increase in blood glucose levels in the body, so that the higher the stress experienced by people with diabetes mellitus, the diabetes mellitus suffered also gets worse.
Objective: To determine the relationship between stress levels and blood sugar levels of young parents with diabetes mellitus in RT 007 RW 001 Jayalaksana Village, Cabangbungin District, Bekasi Regency.
Research method: This study used an analytic observational research design using a cross sectional approach. The population of this study was 101 respondents. To determine the number of samples in this study using the Slovin formula, the sample in this study was 81 respondents. The sampling technique in this study uses non-random (Non Probability) sampling (Purposive Sampling).
research results: Based on the results of statistical analysis using the chi square test, the p value of 0.002 <0.05 was obtained. This shows that H0 is rejected.
Conclusion: There is a relationship between stress levels and blood sugar levels of young parents with diabetes mellitus in RT 007 RW 001 Jayalaksana Village, Cabangbungin District, Bekasi Regency.
HUBUNGAN KEMAMPUAN KADER POSYANDU MELAKUKAN EDUKASI DIGITAL DENGAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG VAKSINASI COVID-19
Authors: Excel Havif Feby , Indrawati Lina , Meliyana Ernauli
Published: November 2023

COVID-19 pertama dilaporkan di Indonesia pada tanggal 2 Maret 2020, salah satu upaya pemerinah dalam mencegah dan menanggulangi pandemi ini, adalah dengan mengadakan kegiatan vaksinasi. Promosi kesehatan tentang vaksinasi, kemampuan atau peranan kader lah yang sangat dibutuhkan, karena peranan kader kesehatan sangat penting dalam menyukseskan program vaksinasi ini. Situasi yang selalu berubah mengharuskan masyarakat untuk update mengenai informasi terbaru seputar pandemi. Oleh karena itu, informasi mengenai vaksinasi penting untuk disosialisasikan kepada masyarakat Penggunaan media sosial sebagai saluran pendidikan dapat digunakan secara mudah, efektif dan efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan kemampuan kader posyandu melakukan edukasi kesehatan berbasis digital dengan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang vaksinasi covid-19 di Kelurahan Padurenan Kota Bekasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian analitik crossectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di wilayah RT 07 RW 18 Blok l Perum. Dukuh Zambrud Padurenan, Kota Bekasi yang berjumlah 120 orang. Teknik pengambilan data dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa dengan tingkat signifikan 95% atau nilai α 5% (0,05) hasil uji Fisher’s Exact Test diperoleh p-value (0,000) < nilai α (0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa H0 ditolak. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa ada hubungan kemampuan kader posyandu melakukan edukasi kesehatan berbasis digital dengan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang vaksinasi covid-19 di Kelurahan Padurenan Kota Bekasi.
Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.) Seed Rearing in Polyhouse Pond Environment During Low Temperature Periods
Authors: Mohapatra B. C. , Singh S. K. , Sarkar Bikash , Majhi D. , Maharathi C. , Pani K. C.
Published: November 2023

Common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.) spawn was reared in polyhouse and control (Open) nursery ponds environment during January-February, 2002. The ponds were prepared as per the recommended practices. Spawn was stocked @ 5 million/ha in all the experimental ponds. The supplementary feed (rice bran, groundnut oilcake and wheat flour in the ratio of 1:1:1) was given @ 4, 6 and 8 times of initial body weight of spawn during 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks, respectively. The biotic and abiotic variables were monitored at regular intervals. The temperature in the polyhouse nursery was recorded to be 4-6°C higher than open nursery. After 20 days of rearing in control and polyhouse ponds, mean growth and survival of fry were 19.7 mm/0.139 g (40.2%) and 21.95 mm/0.202 g (61.5%), respectively. The planktonic density was higher in polyhouse ponds than those of control ponds. The observation revealed that the growth and survival of fish seed were remarkably higher in polyhouse ponds than the open ones in cooler period of the year.
Preserving Local Fishing Ecosystems: Imperatives for Policy Making Based on Views from the Bottom of the Pyramid
Authors: Dash Manoj K.
Published: November 2023

Indian fisheries sector has emerged as an important driver of food production providing nutritional security, besides livelihood support and gainful employment to more than 14.5 million people. The current paper discusses aquaculture in the context of fish ecosystem with regard to freshwater fish cultivation in tanks, ponds and similar water bodies existing in rural India. The issues discussed here are based on the author’s hands-on experience and insights while working on a livelihoods project in Lakhanpur Block of Jharsuguda District in Odisha supported by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programme of Odisha Power Generation Corporation (OPGC) Ltd. The paper augues that in the context of fishing in rural/ village areas, a vast scope is available for safeguarding fishers’ fundamental interests like steady basic income, food security and nutrition through promotion of fishing projects focusing on sustainable market-linked business models by bringing people together under a strong collective like a Producer Company. The Producer Company (PC) business model has been promoted to encourage the concept of collectivity in conducting business so that marginal and small primary producers can come together to form a larger group to command competitive advantage in the market and sell their products at a price that is profitable which is not possible for individual small village based fishers to achieve. This is where they regularly lose the incremental part of income every day and end up earning less throughout their productive life cycle. Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) operating along this value chain would be willing to form long-term partnerships with PCs in order to leverage the huge untapped business generation potential available at the BOP (village and local levels). In other words, economies of scale can be unlocked and livelihoods of fishermen can be improved significantly every month. Producer Companies offer greater credibility in the market than unregistered producers’ organizations. Hence, it would be a win-win proposition for MNCs to pitch in with required support mechanisms and generate sustainable spaces for conducting ethical businesses.
Captive Production of Bagrid Catfish, Rita chrysea For Species Diversification in India
Authors: Ferosekhan S. , Sahoo S. K.
Published: November 2023

Catfish farming is getting more popular as an alternative to carp culture in India due to several advantages such as suitable for high-density farming, hardy species, more consumer preference, high market value, less pin-bones and higher economic returns. Catfishes are having a high regional preference and among many catfish species, the Mahanadi rita, Rita chrysea is one among the species having huge consumer preference in Odisha and Chhattisgarh region. The broodstock development, captive breeding, seed production and grow-out culture technology were successfully standardized by ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar. The study findings reveal that R. chrysea attains maturity in 1+ year and the ideal broodstock size of 90 g above is most suitable for induced breeding programme. The species breeds in monsoon season, June-August. The fecundity was found to be 10,000-13,000 per 90-130 g brooder. The fertilization and hatching percent were estimated in the range of 70-90% and 60-80%, respectively. The larval stocking density of 2 to 3 nos per litre of water is found to be ideal stocking density to get higher growth and improved larval survival. The fingerlings can be produced in tank system with the stocking density of 100-150 nos per m2 with the survival of 50-60 % and it reaches about 2-4 g in 2 months rearing period.
Lys417 acts as a molecular switch that regulates the conformation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Authors: Geng Qibin , Wan Yushun , Hsueh Fu-Chun , Shang Jian , Ye Gang , Bu Fan , Herbst Morgan , Wilkens Rowan , Liu Bin , Li Fang
Published: November 2023

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein plays a key role in mediating viral entry and inducing host immune responses. It can adopt either an open or closed conformation based on the position of its receptor-binding domain (RBD). It is yet unclear what causes these conformational changes or how they influence the spike’s functions. Here, we show that Lys417 in the RBD plays dual roles in the spike’s structure: it stabilizes the closed conformation of the trimeric spike by mediating inter-spike–subunit interactions; it also directly interacts with ACE2 receptor. Hence, a K417V mutation has opposing effects on the spike’s function: it opens up the spike for better ACE2 binding while weakening the RBD’s direct binding to ACE2. The net outcomes of this mutation are to allow the spike to bind ACE2 with higher probability and mediate viral entry more efficiently, but become more exposed to neutralizing antibodies. Given that residue 417 has been a viral mutational hotspot, SARS-CoV-2 may have been evolving to strike a balance between infection potency and immune evasion, contributing to its pandemic spread.
Species -shared and -unique gyral peaks on human and macaque brains
Authors: Zhang Songyao , Zhang Tuo , Cao Guannan , Zhou Jingchao , He Zhibin , Li Xiao , Ren Yudan , Liu Tao , Jiang Xi , Guo Lei , Han Junwei , Liu Tianming
Published: November 2023

Cortical folding is an important feature of primate brains that plays a crucial role in various cognitive and behavioral processes. Extensive research has revealed both similarities and differences in folding morphology and brain function among primates including macaque and human. The folding morphology is the basis of brain function, making cross-species studies on folding morphology important for understanding brain function and species evolution. However, prior studies on cross-species folding morphology mainly focused on partial regions of the cortex instead of the entire brain. Previously, our research defined a whole-brain landmark based on folding morphology: the gyral peak. It was found to exist stably across individuals and ages in both human and macaque brains. Shared and unique gyral peaks in human and macaque are identified in this study, and their similarities and differences in spatial distribution, anatomical morphology, and functional connectivity were also dicussed.
TRIP13 localizes to synapsed chromosomes and functions as a dosage-sensitive regulator of meiosis
Authors: Chotiner Jessica Y , Leu N Adrian , Yang Fang , Cossu Isabella G , Guan Yongjuan , Lin Huijuan , Wang P Jeremy
Published: November 2023

Meiotic progression requires coordinated assembly and disassembly of protein complexes involved in chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination. Mouse TRIP13 and its ortholog Pch2 are instrumental in remodeling HORMA domain proteins. HORMAD proteins are associated with unsynapsed chromosome axes but depleted from the synaptonemal complex (SC) of synapsed homologs. Here we report that TRIP13 localizes to the synapsed SC in early pachytene spermatocytes and to telomeres throughout meiotic prophase I. Loss of TRIP13 leads to meiotic arrest and thus sterility in both sexes. Trip13-null meiocytes exhibit abnormal persistence of HORMAD1 and HOMRAD2 on synapsed SC and chromosome asynapsis that preferentially affects XY and centromeric ends. These major phenotypes are consistent with reported phenotypes of Trip13 hypomorph alleles. Trip13 heterozygous mice exhibit meiotic defects that are less severe than the Trip13-null mice, showing that TRIP13 is a dosage-sensitive regulator of meiosis. Localization of TRIP13 to the synapsed SC is independent of SC axial element proteins such as REC8 and SYCP2/SYCP3. Terminal FLAG-tagged TRIP13 proteins are functional and recapitulate the localization of native TRIP13 to SC and telomeres. Therefore, the evolutionarily conserved localization of TRIP13/Pch2 to the synapsed chromosomes provides an explanation for dissociation of HORMA domain proteins upon synapsis in diverse organisms.
Replication of null results: Absence of evidence or evidence of absence?
Authors: Pawel Samuel , Heyard Rachel , Micheloud Charlotte , Held Leonhard
Published: November 2023

In several large-scale replication projects, statistically non-significant results in both the original and the replication study have been interpreted as a ‘replication success.’ Here, we discuss the logical problems with this approach: Non-significance in both studies does not ensure that the studies provide evidence for the absence of an effect and ‘replication success’ can virtually always be achieved if the sample sizes are small enough. In addition, the relevant error rates are not controlled. We show how methods, such as equivalence testing and Bayes factors, can be used to adequately quantify the evidence for the absence of an effect and how they can be applied in the replication setting. Using data from the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology, the Experimental Philosophy Replicability Project, and the Reproducibility Project: Psychology we illustrate that many original and replication studies with ‘null results’ are in fact inconclusive. We conclude that it is important to also replicate studies with statistically non-significant results, but that they should be designed, analyzed, and interpreted appropriately.
Heat Shock Factor 1 forms nuclear condensates and restructures the yeast genome before activating target genes
Authors: Rubio Linda S , Mohajan Suman , Gross David S
Published: November 2023

In insects and mammals, 3D genome topology has been linked to transcriptional states yet whether this link holds for other eukaryotes is unclear. Using both ligation proximity and fluorescence microscopy assays, we show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Heat Shock Response (HSR) genes dispersed across multiple chromosomes and under the control of Heat Shock Factor (Hsf1) rapidly reposition in cells exposed to acute ethanol stress and engage in concerted, Hsf1-dependent intergenic interactions. Accompanying 3D genome reconfiguration is equally rapid formation of Hsf1-containing condensates. However, in contrast to the transience of Hsf1-driven intergenic interactions that peak within 10–20 min and dissipate within 1 hr in the presence of 8.5% (v/v) ethanol, transcriptional condensates are stably maintained for hours. Moreover, under the same conditions, Pol II occupancy of HSR genes, chromatin remodeling, and RNA expression are detectable only later in the response and peak much later (>1 hr). This contrasts with the coordinate response of HSR genes to thermal stress (39°C) where Pol II occupancy, transcription, histone eviction, intergenic interactions, and formation of Hsf1 condensates are all rapid yet transient (peak within 2.5–10 min and dissipate within 1 hr). Therefore, Hsf1 forms condensates, restructures the genome and transcriptionally activates HSR genes in response to both forms of proteotoxic stress but does so with strikingly different kinetics. In cells subjected to ethanol stress, Hsf1 forms condensates and repositions target genes before transcriptionally activating them.
Multicellular factor analysis of single-cell data for a tissue-centric understanding of disease
Authors: Ramirez Flores Ricardo Omar , Lanzer Jan David , Dimitrov Daniel , Velten Britta , Saez-Rodriguez Julio
Published: November 2023

Biomedical single-cell atlases describe disease at the cellular level. However, analysis of this data commonly focuses on cell-type-centric pairwise cross-condition comparisons, disregarding the multicellular nature of disease processes. Here, we propose multicellular factor analysis for the unsupervised analysis of samples from cross-condition single-cell atlases and the identification of multicellular programs associated with disease. Our strategy, which repurposes group factor analysis as implemented in multi-omics factor analysis, incorporates the variation of patient samples across cell-types or other tissue-centric features, such as cell compositions or spatial relationships, and enables the joint analysis of multiple patient cohorts, facilitating the integration of atlases. We applied our framework to a collection of acute and chronic human heart failure atlases and described multicellular processes of cardiac remodeling, independent to cellular compositions and their local organization, that were conserved in independent spatial and bulk transcriptomics datasets. In sum, our framework serves as an exploratory tool for unsupervised analysis of cross-condition single-cell atlases and allows for the integration of the measurements of patient cohorts across distinct data modalities.
Arts-based pathways for sustainable transformation towards a more equal world
Authors: Mittner Lilli , Meling Lise Karin , Maxwell Kate
Published: November 2023

The cultural sector is a potential instigator of change due to its experimental, performative, and relational nature. However, like everywhere else, the cultural sector re-enacts and thus conserves inequalities of various kinds through its outreach to wider audiences and its deep engagement in socio-cultural practices. By taking our actions within the ERASMUS+ project ‘Voices of Women’ as a creative catalyst, this paper scrutinizes a set of items for further discussion of arts-based pathways for sustainable transformation towards a more (gender) equal world. We discuss the ability of the arts to engage, educate, and transform power relations through three pathways towards sustainable transformation: 1. Canon critique; 2. Decolonization; and 3. New materialism. We argue that all three pathways enable novel forms of knowledge creation and actions in arts-based research, arts education, the cultural sector, and beyond.
Cover image: Still picture from film: Music and Gender in Balance (Mittner and Bergli, 2018)
A window of opportunities: Composing a relational space for living and telling sustainable stories to live by
Authors: Lyngstad Mette Bøe , BLix Bodil Hansen
Published: November 2023

This article is based on experiences with the Dreamcatchers, a project involving people living with substance addiction, and their significant others, in which the participants composed and explored narratives through creative, collaborative processes. In the article, we think with a narrative composed by one of the participants in the project to learn from her experiences. Our thinking is inspired by narrative inquiry as a way of thinking about experience. We understand the playful and imaginative narrative processes within the Dreamcatchers project as composing sustainable stories to live by. The Dreamcatchers project demonstrates the necessity of involving people living with substance addiction in naming the problem and in the search for possible and sustainable solutions or improvements.
Cover photo: Jerzy Gorecki, Pixabay, open use license
Skeletal age evaluation using hand X-rays to determine growth problems
Authors: Umer Muhammad , Eshmawi Ala’ Abdulmajid , Alnowaiser Khaled , Mohamed Abdullah , Alrashidi Huda , Ashraf Imran
Published: November 2023

A common clinical method for identifying anomalies in bone growth in infants and newborns is skeletal age estimation with X-ray images. Children’s bone abnormalities can result from several conditions including wounds, infections, or tumors. One of the most frequent reasons for bone issues is that most youngsters are affected by the slow displacement of bones caused by pressure applied to the growth plates as youngsters develop. The growth plate can be harmed by a lack of blood supply, separation from other parts of the bone, or slight misalignment. Problems with the growth plate prevent bones from developing, cause joint distortion, and may cause permanent joint injury. A significant discrepancy between the chronological and assessed ages may indicate a growth problem because determining bone age represents the real level of growth. Therefore, skeletal age estimation is performed to look for endocrine disorders, genetic problems, and growth anomalies. To address the bone age assessment challenge, this study uses the Radiological Society of North America’s Pediatric Bone Age Challenge dataset which contains 12,600 radiological images of the left hand of a patient that includes the gender and bone age information. A bone age evaluation system based on the hand skeleton guidelines is proposed in this study for the detection of hand bone maturation. The proposed approach is based on a customized convolutional neural network. For the calculation of the skeletal age, different data augmentation techniques are used; these techniques not only increase the dataset size but also impact the training of the model. The performance of the model is assessed against the Visual Geometry Group (VGG) model. Results demonstrate that the customized convolutional neural network (CNN) model outperforms the VGG model with 97% accuracy.
Utilizing random forest algorithm for early detection of academic underperformance in open learning environments
Authors: Balabied Shikah Abdullah Albriki , Eid Hala F.
Published: November 2023

Background

One of the primary benefits of Open Learning Environments (OLEs) is their scalability. OLEs provide flexible and accessible learning opportunities to a large number of students, often on a global scale. This scalability has led to the development of OLEs that cover a wide range of subjects and disciplines, from computer science and engineering to humanities and social sciences. However, the scalability of OLEs also presents some challenges i.e., it can be too difficult to provide personalized support and feedback to individuals. Early prediction of student performance can improve the learning experience of students by providing early interventions and support.

Method

The specific objective of this study was to build a model that identifies at-risk students and allows for timely interventions to promote their academic achievement. The random forest classifier model has been used for analyzing anonymized large datasets available from Open University Learning Analytics (OULAD) to identify patterns and relationships among various factors that contribute to student success or failure.

Results

The findings of this study suggest that this algorithm achieved 90% accuracy in identifying students who may be at risk and providing them with the necessary support to succeed.
Metabolomic analyses uncover an inhibitory effect of niclosamide on mitochondrial membrane potential in cholangiocarcinoma cells
Authors: Kulthawatsiri Thanaporn , Kittirat Yingpinyapat , Phetcharaburanin Jutarop , Tomacha Jittima , Promraksa Bundit , Wangwiwatsin Arporn , Klanrit Poramate , Titapun Attapol , Loilome Watcharin , Namwat Nisana
Published: November 2023

Background

Niclosamide is an oral anthelminthic drug that has been used for treating tapeworm infections. Its mechanism involves the disturbance of mitochondrial membrane potential that in turn inhibits oxidative phosphorylation leading to ATP depletion. To date, niclosamide has been validated as the potent anti-cancer agent against several cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of niclosamide on the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov)-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell functions remain to be elucidated. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of niclosamide on CCA cell proliferation and on metabolic phenoconversion through the alteration of metabolites associated with mitochondrial function in CCA cell lines.

Materials and Methods

The inhibitory effect of niclosamide on CCA cells was determined using SRB assay. A mitochondrial membrane potential using tetramethylrhodamine, ethyl ester-mitochondrial membrane potential (TMRE-MMP) assay was conducted. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was employed to investigate the global metabolic changes upon niclosamide treatment. ATP levels were measured using CellTiter-Glo® luminescent cell viability assay. NAD metabolism was examined by the NAD+/NADH ratio.

Results

Niclosamide strongly inhibited CCA cell growth and reduced the MMP of CCA cells. An orthogonal partial-least square regression analysis revealed that the effects of niclosamide on suppressing cell viability and MMP of CCA cells were significantly associated with an increase in niacinamide, a precursor in NAD synthesis that may disrupt the electron transport system leading to suppression of NAD+/NADH ratio and ATP depletion.

Conclusion

Our findings unravel the mode of action of niclosamide in the energy depletion that could potentially serve as the promising therapeutic strategy for CCA treatment.
Perspectivas de La Moneda : traslape de narrativas patrimoniales desde intervenciones artísticas en el Palacio de La Moneda.
Authors:   , Jinesta Mario
Published: November 2023

¿Son los monumentos históricos piezas congeladas en el tiempo o existe el derecho a cuestionar y actualizar su representatividad? Las revisiones históricas del patrimonio han definido a los monumentos como portadores de verdades del pasado naturalizadas en los discursos hegemónicos, sin embargo, las revisiones críticas actuales del patrimonio se han enfatizado en el cuestionamiento de su carácter conmemorativo, principalmente, cuando existen tensiones en la representación de las comunidades sociales. Esta investigación se enfoca en comprender estos fenómenos de tensión en la representatividad patrimonial y cómo el arte aparece como una herramienta para reimaginar, cuestionar y actualizar tanto los usos como las representaciones en los monumentos históricos. A partir del estudio de intervenciones realizadas en el Palacio de La Moneda, se propone la realización de un festival de intervención artístico-patrimonial, con la idea de resaltar la posición de múltiples narrativas traslapadas en el monumento desde imaginarios patrimoniales alternos al hegemónico.
Chemamüll, gente de madera, ayer y hoy
Authors:   , Rojas del Río Montserrat
Published: November 2023

El Chemamüll, ‘gente de madera’ en mapudungun, corresponde a una figura antropomorfa de origen Mapuche, utilizada originalmente como tótem funerario. Con la llegada de los españoles fueron arrasados al ser considerados paganos, quedando un número reducido de ellos al cuidado de las comunidades Mapuches en el sur de Chile. Su producción entró en letargo, hasta que fuera reactivada en los años 90, comenzando un tránsito desde el espacio ceremonial al espacio público, donde han adquirido nuevos usos por parte de distintos actores y en diferentes escenarios. Esta investigación busca analizar la resignificación y el cambio en el uso de estas figuras, enfocándose en el análisis de su presencia en museos, particularmente de aquellos que exponen piezas que fueron desplazadas de sus contextos originales producto de procesos coloniales y de las relaciones de poder que esos procesos permitieron. A través de un proceso colaborativo con cultores y artistas Mapuche que trabajan con el Chemamüll en la actualidad, se revisa el caso particular del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino, dado que, a diferencia de otros museos, éste presenta manifestaciones del patrimonio indígena únicamente como obras de arte, fetichizándolas y disociándolas de sus contenidos históricos, funcionales y simbólicos. De esa manera, presenta a culturas vivas como organismos fosilizados, lo cual genera tensión y cuestiona los derechos culturales indígenas en el Chile actual.
¿Documentos o acontecimientos? obras efímeras del Museo de la Solidaridad 1971-1973
Authors:   , García Pérez de Arce Isabel
Published: November 2023

En términos generales La Memoria aborda las líneas teóricas del tópico de estudio. Estas refieren a las vanguardias artísticas internacionales y su relación crítica con los la institucionalidad cultural a fines de los años sesenta. De esta manera se propone delinear los parámetros históricos y conceptuales, para reconstruir documentalmente el proyecto inconcluso del Museo y sus potenciales elementos pedagógicos, estéticos y simbólicos. En términos patrimoniales, el proyecto se inserta en las actuales reflexiones sobre el rol del museo de arte contemporáneo y su representación simbólica, a partir de los conceptos de “Identidad”, “Solidaridad” y “Participación” en el relato simbólico del actual Museo de la Solidaridad Salvador Allende (MSSA). El proyecto final de esta propuesta patrimonial es el guión curatorial para una exhibición. Esta contempla una propuesta museográfica para una selección de documentos del Archivo del Museo de la Solidaridad, que consisten por un lado en un conjunto de cartas que dan cuenta de los diálogos entre Mario Pedrosa y los artistas que configuraron la narración simbólica del museo entre los años 1971 y 1973. En segunda instancia una selección de obras de arte efímero, las cuales, originalmente fueron proyectada, para ser realizadas en el Museo y actualmente se encuentran entre los documentos del archivo del MSSA. En este sentido, la propuesta metodológica se propone abordar “El proyecto inconcluso” como problema patrimonial, proponiendo estrategias curatoriales que permitan reconstruir documentalmente líneas teóricas, artísticas y materiales de las obras efímeras , por medio de la presentación y re-significación en el contexto de un nuevo espacio expositivo.
Patrimonio incómodo y sitios de memoria : de Instituto de Higiene, a cuartel Borgoño a Centro de Memoria y Derechos Humano
Authors:   , Ríos Álvarez Karen
Published: November 2023

Entre 1973 y 1990 Chile permaneció en dictadura, periodo en el cual existió violación sistemática a los derechos humanos por parte del Estado. Además de marcar la historia, este hecho dejó su huella en una serie de territorios, puntos geográficos denominados Sitios de memoria. Los Sitios de memoria son contenedores de una memoria territorializada (Jelin et al., 2003). Como tales, poseen una importancia testimonial y simbólica siendo bienes patrimoniables (Prats, 1997) los que, sometidos a un proceso de patrimonialización,se sitúan insertos en el patrimonio incómodo. En el informe del Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos en Chile (Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos [INDH], 2018), se identificaron 1132 centros de detención y tortura utilizados durante dictadura. De ellos 40 poseen declaratoria como Monumento Histórico mientras que 17 se utilizan actualmente con fines de memoralización. Uno de los lugares oficialmente reconocidos mediante declaratoria, es el Cuartel Borgoño, proyectado como Instituto de Higiene, por Emilio Jéquier y Carlos Donoso Grille en 1902. El ex - Cuartel Borgoño es uno de los tres Sitios de Memoria -entre los 40 declarados- que es activamente utilizado por un organismo que participó en dictadura: la Policía de Investigaciones. Este hecho ha cargado otra tensión al lugar: la lucha de apropiación física del sitio por parte de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil. La tesis y el proyecto que a continuación se presentan abordan la tensión generada por la doble condición patrimonial del Cuartel Borgoño: Un edificio de valor arquitectónico que es, también, contenedor de una memoria traumática. Reflejo de lo que ha significado este lugar a través del tiempo, desde su construcción como uno de los avances de la época hasta su condición actual. En consecuencia, la propuesta busca brindar un espacio para la construcción de la memoria y los Derechos Humanos en Chile. Para ello se propone un Centro de Memoria y Derechos Humanos que trabaje con la semantización del lugar y la participación de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil.
Patrimonio milagroso en la vía : proyecto de intervención en la Animita de La Niña Hermosa
Authors:   , Lemus Pavez Sofía Catalina
Published: November 2023

Las animitas acogen las necesidades espirituales de las personas que creen y piden milagros que solo aquellas pueden cumplir. Estas se pueden encontrar a lo largo de todo el país, tanto en zonas urbanas y rurales como en carreteras. Dentro de las animitas de carretera más grandes y populares de la región Metropolitana se encuentra la de “La Niña Hermosa”, en la Autopista del Sol; la que surgió como una animita familiar y que hoy, con el transcurso del tiempo, se ha transformado en un santuario popular. Son cientos de ofrendas las que han construido este espacio sagrado que acoge a las personas que creen en su poder milagroso. Sin embargo, actualmente se está llevando a cabo el proyecto para el ensanche de la autopista, por lo que la animita será removida de su lugar para construir una nueva vía. Con este hecho, se profanaría un lugar sacralizado que forma parte del Patrimonio Milagroso de cientos de personas a quienes les han sido cumplidas sus peticiones; además, se invalidaría una expresión de religiosidad popular identitaria de nuestra cultura. Frente a este conflicto surge la pregunta: ¿cómo es posible mantener la experiencia patrimonial suscitada por una pieza milagrosa al moverla de su sitio original? La solución que se plantea es la coexistencia de ambas situaciones. Por un lado, que se produzca el ensanche sin dificultad, y por otro, que el espacio de la animita sea resguardado. Para esto, se busca poner en valor su patrimonio mediante estrategias proyectuales que respondan a las necesidades observadas en la actualidad.
Capital social y cumplimiento de cuarentenas en pandemia : evidencias desde campamentos
Authors:   , Leyton Núñez Alex John
Published: November 2023

El capital social se ha provisto como un elemento relevante en el cumplimiento de medidas preventivas en salud, incluso en contexto de Pandemia. A partir de esta tesis, es que examino la asociación de tres medidas de capital social y el cumplimiento de cuarentenas como forma de protección frente al COVID-19, en asentamientos informales. Encuentro que la confianza en las autoridades tiene una relación positiva, sin embargo, esta relación se pierde con el tiempo. En tanto, la organización en actividades se comporta de manera negativa y contrariamente a la tendencia vista en población general. La participación en actividades de soporte comunitario adquiere significancia en su asociación con el cumplimiento de cuarentenas a medida que avanza el tiempo de pandemia.
¿Por qué la política social en Chile es poco intensiva en transferencias monetarias?
Authors:   , Órdenes Alfaro Patricio Javier
Published: November 2023

El propósito de este trabajo es elucidar los factores que explican por qué la política social chilena evidencia ser poco intensiva en transferencias monetarias, a pesar de que estos instrumentos han sido reconocidos como mecanismos de política pública eficaces y eficientes para reducir la desigualdad y la pobreza, así como también para mejorar la estructura de la política social chilena. Esta pregunta es relevante toda vez que la evidencia internacional sugiere que gran parte de los países OCDE logran significativas reducciones de la desigualdad de ingresos mediante políticas de transferencias monetarias que el Estado realiza a los hogares. Sin embargo, los datos para Chile muestran una reducción significativamente menor: mientras que los países del bloque OCDE, en promedio, logran una reducción de 0,12 puntos del coeficiente de Gini a través de transferencias monetarias, en Chile aquella reducción es de solo 0,03 puntos. Además, si bien este escenario ha impulsado a diversos académicos a estudiar y proponer políticas de transferencias monetarias siguiendo distintos modelos para ser implementados en Chile, la literatura dedicada a analizar por qué, a pesar de lo anterior, una mayor intensidad de aquellas políticas no ha podido aún ser materializada, es relativamente escasa. El documento presenta una serie de antecedentes, basados en la evidencia comparada y la literatura relacionada, que podrían tener un rol en explicar el bajo monto de las transferencias monetarias en Chile y su escaso efecto redistributivo. Este análisis tuvo como valioso insumo una serie de entrevistas con expertos y tomadores de decisiones públicas, que ayudaron a comprender e informar, desde la práctica, los desafíos particulares de la política social chilena. Se sugiere que hay tres factores especialmente relevantes que dan luces sobre el bajo monto de las transferencias monetarias en Chile y su escaso impacto redistributivo: el nivel de recaudación fiscal de Chile (comparativamente más bajo que lo observado en países OCDE); la focalización de las transferencias en los deciles más bajos (reflejo de la priorización ligada al combate de la pobreza en los inicios de la década del noventa); y las menores transferencias monetarias asociadas a gasto público en pensiones. Además, el documento identifica dos desafíos que deben ser abordados a fin de transitar hacia una política social basada en esquemas de transferencias monetarias de mayor magnitud y cobertura: la formalización del empleo y la posibilidad de sustitución de programas sociales en un contexto de una política social fragmentada.
Academic vocabulary instruction and reading comprehension in academic texts for 10th grade students
Authors:   , Elgueta Pizarro Ximena D.
Published: November 2023

Although schools in Chile prepare students in English reading comprehension, they do not consider the fact that students will also have to encounter tertiary education, where an important part of the information they receive will be presented in a non-familiar structure, with words different from the ones they are used to, which may have a negative impact on students’ learning process. This investigation will deal with academic vocabulary instruction and its effects on academic reading comprehension, expecting to find in qualitative and quantitative terms the concrete impact that learning new vocabulary has over reading comprehension in this specific type of text. This investigation was carried out through an action research perspective which will consider 10th-grade students from a private school in Santiago who are about to take their FCE exam.