bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Penggunaan Gawai dengan Hipperaktivitas dan Interaksi Sosial pada Anak Usia Sekolah di SD Negeri 2 kalibagor
Authors: Isnaeni aldina novita rahmah Isnaeni aldina novita rahmah
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background: The use of gadgets can have a significant negative impact on children. Ease of accessing various information and technology makes children lazy to move. In addition, spending too much time in front of the screen interferes with children's social interactions. Hyperactivity behavior of children often makes them have difficulty undergoing interpersonal relationships with parents, peers, and the surrounding environment.

Objective: This research aimed to find out the correlation between the use of gadgets with hyperactivity and social interaction on school-age children in SDN 2 Kalibagor.

Method: This was a quantitative descriptive study using a cross sectional approach. The research sample was 49 school-age children taken by simple random sampling technique. The measuring instrument used was a questionnaire sheet and chi square test was employed to analyze the data obtained.

Results: The majority of respondents were male (59.2%) and aged 11 years (67.3%). 75.5% of the respondents used bad gadgets. 53.1% of them did not experience hyperactivity, while 46.9% of them experienced low interaction. The analysis indicated that p = 0.004 for the use of gadgets with hyperactivity, and the value of p = 0.001 for the use of gadgets with social interactions. Conclusion: There is a correlation between the use of gadgets with hyperactivity and social interaction on school-aged children at SD N 2 Kalibagor.

Keywords: Hyperactivity, social interaction, use of gadgets
Gambaran Nyeri Pasien yang Terpasang Ventilator Mekanik di Ruang Intensive Care Unit RSUD Prof Dr Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto
Authors: Hidayat Arif Imam , Purnawan Iwan , Kamaluddin Ridlwan
Published: April 2022

Nyeri yang diakibatkan oleh tindakan perawatan adalah salah satu stressor terberat yang dihadapi pasien di ruang Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Nyeri ini berbanding lurus dengan tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien. Pasien juga dapat mengalami gangguan psikososial seperti depresi, cemas, delirium, ganguan PTSD, dan disorientasi. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini melibatkan 100 responden. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah non probability sampling, dengan consecutive sampling. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli - September 2020 di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner CPOT (Critical Pain Observation Tool). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat dan disajikan dalam bentuk rerata nilai skala nyeri. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pasien yang dirawat di ICU mengalami sensasi nyeri sedang (47%), nyeri berat (43%), dan sangat berat (10%). Penting untuk dilakukan penelitian untuk menurunkan skala nyeri pada pasien yang mendapatkan perawatan di ruang ICU.
Implementation Of Pursed Lip Breathing And Semi Fowler Position in COPD Patients Which Get Nebulizer in IGD: A Literature Review
Authors: Nurgiyanta Ariefkhoerulummah , Noor Alivian Galih
Published: April 2022

Background: Chronic obstruction of pulmonary disease (COPD) is a pulmonary disease caused by the blockage of the air flow channel that occurs much in Indonesia due to the high exposure to the risk factors causing COPD such as the habit of smoking and unhealthy environment. The obstruction of the respiratory tract that occurs in COPD patients is usually characterized by shortness of breath. Various ways can be done to overcome shortness of breath is with pharmacological therapy in the form of nebulizer therapy. One of the effective non-pharmacological therapies to reduce shortness of breath with pursed lip breathing therapy and the giving of semi Fowler position.

Objectives: Identify the research articles that display the results of analysis of the introduction of pursed lip breathing and the provision of semi Fowler in COPD patients who get therapy nebulizer in IGD space

Research Method: The search for articles is done electronically using a Sience Direct, NCBI and Google Scholar databases. The search for the article used is the last 5 years. Keyword in search "pursed lip breathing, position semi-Fowler and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" so obtained 5 research articles in review.

Results: The feeding of pursed lip breathing and the giving of semi Fowler can effectively lower the shortness of breath in COPD patients. Step in the intervention of this combination by encouraging the patient to inhale the breath from the nose and the patient bent forward 30 to 40 degrees with the head lifted 16 to 18 degrees breathed slowly through the lips as much as 7 counts later afterwards the patient positions the Head 45

Conclusion: The feeding of pursed lip breathing and the giving of semi Fowler is proven to decrease the shortness of breath in COPD patients

Keyword: pursed lip breathing, position semi-fowler dan chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Gambaran Mendengarkan Murottal dan Do’a Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan dan Gangguan Pola Tidur Pada Lansia
Authors: Alivian Galih Noor , Awaludin Sidik , Rahayu Eva
Published: April 2022

Pendahuluan: Menjadi tua merupakan proses yang tidak dapat dihindari oleh setiap individu. Penuaan adalah kondisi yang normal, yang ditandai perubahan fisik dan tingkah laku yang dapat diramalkan dan terjadi pada semua orang saat mereka mencapai usia tahap perkembangan kronologis tertentu. Salah satu permasalahan pada lansia adalah kecemasan dan masalah tidur. Keluhan tentang kesulitan tidur waktu malam sering kali terjadi diantara lansia sebagai akibat dari penyakit kronik lain. Kecenderungan untuk tidur siang kelihatannya meningkat secara progresif dengan bertambahnya usia. Peningkatan waktu siang hari yang dipakai untuk tidur dapat terjadi karena seringnya terbangun di malam hari.

Tujuan: untuk mengetahui efektifitas murottal dan doa terhadap penurunan kecemasan dan gangguan pola tidur pada lansia.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain experiment dengan pendekatan pre and post control group with control group design. Rencana jumlah sampel penelitian  ini adalah 60 lansia di Desa Pamijen Kec. Sokaraja yang dibagi 2 kelompok yaitu 30 lansia menjadi kelompok murottal dan 30 lansia kelompok doa. Kedua kelompok dilakukan intervensi setiap hari selama seminggu.  Peningkatan skor kecemasan dan gangguan pola tidur diukur sebelum dan setelah perlakuan dengan kuesioner. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling. Analisa data menggunakan paired t test dan independent t tes.

Hasil :

Kecemasan sebelum diperdengarkan murottal yaitu sebanyak 27 orang (90%) mengalami cemas ringan dan sebanyak 3 orang (10%) mengalami cemas sedang.  Sedangkan tingkat kecemasan setelah diperdengarkan murottal yaitu sebanyak 30 orang (100%) tidak cemas. gangguang pola tidur sebelum diperdengarkan murottal yaitu sebanyak 4 orang (13,33%) mengalami pola tidur baik dan sebanyak 26 orang (68,67%) mengalami pola tidur buruk. Sedangkan gangguang pola tidur setelah diperdengarkan murottal yaitu sebanyak 29 orang (96,67%) mengalami pola tidur baik dan sebanyak 1 orang (3,33%) mengalami pola tidur buruk.

Kesimpulan:

Dari data deskripsi yang diperoleh, terapi murottal efektif terhadap penurunan kecemasan dan gangguan pola tidur.
Implementasi Emergency Geriatric Assessment pada Pasien Lansia di Ruang Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSUD. Dr. R. Goeteng Taroenadibrata Purbalingga: Case Study
Authors: Eka Purti Emilia , Sidik Awaludin  , Tri Santosa Dani
Published: April 2022

Background. The higher number of morbidity and emergency department visits for persons aged 75 years compared with the people under 65 years were the basic reason needed for a multidimensional and rapid assessment in the emergency department. The Emergency Geriatric Assessment may effective to be used to identify geriatric problems in the emergency department.

Methods. This kind of implementation was a case study. This implementation was done on July 11st - 17th, 2019. The total respondent of this implementation was 11 elderly. The criteria of the respondent were all of the elderly aged ≥60 years who were waiting for admission or being observed, and didn’t have an acute stroke, an acute myocardial infarction, or was awaiting surgical intervention and admission. The instrument used a questionnaire named Emergency Geriatric Assessment, which consisted of twenty-two possible problems in the elderly.

Results. The results of the Emergency Geriatric Assessment showed that the majority of the elderlies were 60-74 years, were male, had a medical decisions and had an ability to care for self by themselves. The majority of the identified problems were dementia, sleep, polypharmacy, pain, nutrition, use of medical resources, caregiver, family meeting, need for comfortable care, and long term bedridden.

Conclusion. The Emergency Geriatric Assessment was effective to be used for identifying at least two geriatric problems in elderly, in order to help emergency department physicians to manage such patients.
Literature Review: Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Makanan terhadap Anak Lahir Stunting sebagai Upaya untuk Menurunkan Kejadian Malnutrisi di Indonesia
Authors: Anggraeni Mega
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Nutrition status is an indicator level of child welfare in Indonesia. One of the factors that affect nutritional status is food intake. Fulfilling the need for a balanced intake of food starts from the implantation until the child is 24 months old. In this age period is a period of growth that will determine the physical form of the child. Stunting is a chronic malnutrition disease that the body becomes short. The impact of stunted child birth is growth becomes inhibited, decreased cognitive function, and decreased immune function. Therefore, it is necessary to handle stunting to reduce the incidence of malnutrition, one of them with the provision of food combinations. Method: Journal search by collecting from multiple databases: Sage database, PubMed, IJHN, ProQuest, Ingenta Connect, and Google Scholar. Journal criteria used are journals from 2007 to 2017. Keywords used are diet diversification and stunting. Result: Nursing intervention in the form of food combinations, effective, efficient and safe are given to children born stunting to reduce the incidence of malnutrition in Indonesia. Discussion: The combination of food in an effort to fulfill the nutritional adequacy of children, influenced by economic status. So, it is necessary to choose a variety of foods that are cheap but nutritional quality remains met. Conclusion: Giving a combination of food to children born stunting can reduce the incidence of malnutrition in Indonesia.
Gambaran Kualitas Tidur Penjaga Malam di Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Authors: Yusri Zahirah  , Made Sumarwati  , Noor Alivian Galih
Published: April 2022

Background : The night watchman has the duty and responsibility of carrying out his duties at night for the security of the surroundings. These activities affect sleep and rest time so that it can have an impact on the emergence of disturbances due to inadequate sleep quality, so efforts are needed to improve sleep quality so that sleep quality is good. Research aim : This research aimed to describe the quality of sleep and efforts to improve the sleep quality on nicht watchman at Jenderal Soedirman University.

Research method : This type of research is a non-experimental quantitative research. The technique used was stratified random sampling with a sample size of 58 people. The research instrument used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and the questionnaire to improve sleep quality. Univariate analysis data.

Research result : The results showed that the average respondents were 37 years old, the average working period of the respondents was 10 years, the majority of the respondents' last education was at high school as many as 49 people (84.5%). Most of the respondents had poor sleep quality (89.7%) and most of the night watchman at Jenderal Soedirman University had efforts to improve the quality of sleep, namely (62.1%).

Conclusion : The results of this study can be concluded that most of the night watchman have poor sleep quality, so it is necessary to manage sleep time and improve efforts to improve sleep quality.
Analisis Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Diare di Desa Babai Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Pefbrianti Diana , Astuti Sri
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

 

Background. Environmentally based diseases still dominate health problems in developing countries this can occur because of the interactive relationship between humans and their behavior and environmental components that have the potential for diseases such as diarrhea. Many risk factors are suspected to cause diarrheal diseases, including poor environmental sanitation, unattended water supplies, lack of knowledge. In addition, individual hygiene factors that are not good and do not have their own latrines etc. can cause diarrhea too. The purpose of this study is to find out factors related to diarrhea events in babai village in central Kalimantan.

 

Methods. A deskriptif analitik study was conducted. Totally, 81 respondents lived in Babai village Central Kalimantan were invited to contribute. The sample was collected by purposive sampling technique. Questioners were utilized, included knowledge, behaviour, commitment and environmental sanitation. Spearman rho test were applied to describe the data.

 

Results. Mosts of respondents are in less knowledge as 39 respondents (48,1%), Mosts of respondents have a negative commitment in median score behaviour as 41 respondents (50,6%), Mosts of respondents have a negative commitment as 52 respondents (64,2,1%), Mosts of respondents are in median score of environment sanitation as 46 respondents (56,8%). Data analysis obtained p=0.000 in all factors related. Results showed that the knowledge, behaviour, commitment and environment sanitation are related to diarrhea in Babai village central Kalimantan.

 

Conclusion. Results showed that the knowledge, behaviour, commitment and environment sanitation are related to diarrhea in Babai village central Kalimantan.
Gambaran Stimulasi Elektrik Akupresur Terhadap Nyeri Punggung (Low Back Pain) pada Lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas 1 Kecamatan Sokaraja.
Authors: Alivian Galih Noor , Awaludin Sidik , Rahayu Eva
Published: April 2022

Pendahuluan: LBP (low back pain) merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang sering dialami oleh para lansia. Selain itu masalah-masalah pada lansia antara lain, mudah jatuh, mudah lelah, kekacauan mental akut, nyeri dada, sesak nafas pada waktu melakukan kerja fisik, berdeba-debar, pembengkakan kaki bagian bawah, nyeri punggung bawah atau pinggang, dan nyeri pada sendi pinggul. Akupresur digunakan untuk mengurangi tingkat nyeri yang terjadi, akupresur terletak di seluruh tubuh dekat dengan permukaan kulit dan terhubung satu sama lain melalui jaringan yang komplek dari meridian. Setiap titik-titik akupresur mempunyai efek khusus pada sistem tubuh, atau organ tertentu.

Tujuan: untuk mengetahui pengaruh stimulasi elektrik akupresur terhadap nyeri punggung (low back pain).

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian quasi experiment: non-randomized pre-test post-test control group design dengan rencana jumlah sampel kelompok intervensi terdiri dari 30 orang diberikan stimulasi elektrik akupresur dan kelompok kontrol. Sampel dipilih dengan cara simple random sampling. Pelaksanaan penelitian di wilayah kerja Puseksmas I Sokaraja Kabupaten Banyumas Desa Pamijen. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengukur tingkat nyeri sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah paired t test.

Hasil: Dari data deskriptif yang diperoleh, terapi stimulasi elektrik akupresure efektif dalam menurunkan nyeri punggung (low back pain) pada lansia.
Correlation Preterm Infants Gestational Age and Birth Weight at one Medical Center at Banyumas Regency Indonesia
Authors: Purwandari Haryatiningsih , Mulyono Wastu Adi
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Preterm infants commonly experience with low birth weight. Identifying preterm infants’ gestational age and birth weight is pivotal to prevent intra uterine growth retardation and prevent case of LBW infants. Aims: To clarify the correlation between preterm infants’ gestational age and birth weight. Methods: An observational study involving a convenience samples of 46 preterm infants who were born less than 37 weeks gestation were taken from level 1, 2, and 3 neonatal care at one medical center at Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. Data were retrieved from infants’ medical record using a self-designed collection data sheet. Data were analyzed using univariate, Shapiro Wilk, and Spearman Rank test. Result: The preterm infants gestation age had moderate positive correlation with birthweight (r=.490, p= 0.01, n=46). Conclusion: Increasing the maturity of preterm infants’ gestation will effect on the increased of birth weight. It means that health care professional should give health education to mothers to reduce the high risk for preterm infants’ delivery and reduce the risk of LBW infants
Bermain Game Online berhubungan dengan Perilaku Caring pada Mahasiswa Keperawatan UNSOED
Authors: Sari Ratna , Rahayu Eva , Anam Akhyarul
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Online games attract a lot of public attention, one of which is from the students. Playing online games is possible to influence the caring behavior of nursing students.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between playing online games with caring behavior in Nursing Department students at Jenderal Sudirman University (UNSOED).Methods: The method used in this research is quantitative with a correlational design using a cross sectional approach. Respondents involved in this study were 46 students of the Department of Nursing at Jenderal Soedirman University who were selected by total sampling technique. Analysis of the data used is the Somers'd test.Results: The majority of Nursing Department students play online games at a moderate level, which is 60.9% and the caring behavior of students is mostly in the caring category as much as 71.7%. Somers'd non-parametric statistical test results show that the p-value is 0.228 (p> 0.05), which means that playing online games is not related to caring behavior in UNSOED Nursing students.Discussion: Playing online games can be influenced by several factors such as individual factors, psychological factors, and group factors. High humanistic and altruistic attitudes (91.5%) are able to control one's attitude to be more controlled, so that caring behavior is not affected by online gamesConclusion: Playing online games is not related to caring behavior of UNSOED Nursing students.
Utilization of Coconut Pulp as Methane Inhibitor Feed on Meat Quality of Goat
Authors: Sondakh Erwin Hubert Barton , Kalele Jerry Audy Donny , Ratulangi Friets Semuel , Palar Conny , Rimbing Siane
Published: April 2022

This research was conducted to know the impact of methane reduction in ruminants using coconut pulp as feed substrate on the quality of goat meat. This study used coconut pulp as an antimetanogenic substrate and was added to ruminant feed. There were twenty goats aged + 1 year. The feed was given with a formulation of 60: 40% forage and concentrate in dry matter with a composition according to the needs of the goats. This research was carried out by treating coconut pulp with four levels of different treatment, namely 5, 10, 15, and 20% and compared with the treatment without using coconut pulp (0%). This experiment used a completely randomized design with four replications. The average difference of treatment was continued with the Duncan Multi Range Test (DMRT) test. The goats were kept for 60 days and they were slaughtered to measure the quality of meat. The variables measured were physical and chemical quality of goat meat. The results showed that the physical quality and the chemical quality of the meat had no significant effect. The conclusion of this research is the use of coconut pulp as an antimethanogenic substrate for goat feed can maintain the physical and chemical quality of meat and reduce meat cholesterol.
Evaluating the Implementation of the Local Regulations (Qanun) to Control Productive Female Cattle and Buffaloes in Aceh Besar
Authors: Samadi Samadi , Sugito Sugito , Saputra Yoga
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of Qanuns (local regulations) for controlling productive cattle and buffalo in Aceh Besar District. This study conducted a census of abattoir officers to 10 respondents and 10 muge (intermediaries) to collect data on the population in this study involving all groups of cattle and buffalo farmers in Aceh Besar district, namely 627. The number of samples was determined based on the Slovin formula, i.e., 93 farmers with a 5% error rate. Also, a survey was conducted on six sub-districts in Aceh Regency based on a cluster sampling system. Data processing was done by calculating the percentage of measured parameters and presented in tabular form. The results of the study indicated that the implementation of Qanun decreased the slaughter of productive female cattle and buffalo in Aceh Besar District. However, public understanding of the control of productive female cows/buffalo Qanun remained low because only 30.98% of the public were aware of the Qanun. The lack of knowledge was indicated by the high slaughter and sales of productive female cattle and buffalo at the farmer level that only decreased by around 5.84% (from 70.88% to 65.04% after the implementation of Qanun. Economic needs were the reason for the high sales of productive female cows/buffaloes (73.13%). The weak implementation of Qanun on productive cattle and buffalo was probably due to poor socialization of Qanun for controlling productive cattle and buffaloes. 79.65% of the respondent group answered that they had never received socialization on controlling productive female cattle and buffalo. However, the contributing factors to the declining slaughter and sales of productive female cattle and buffalo since the introduction of Qanun were the strict regulations at the abattoir and the level of knowledge of the abattoir staff regarding Qanun to maintain productive cattle and buffaloes.
Growth Pattern of Different Body Dimensions in Female Kacang Goats
Authors: Yolanda Galuh Fitria , Dewi Ratna Kumala , Wardoyo
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the growth patterns of female Kacang goats Growth Pattern of Different Body Dimensions in Female Kacang Goats. We measured 23 female goats for variables including body weight, chest circumference, shoulder height, and body length. The results showed that body weight followed the sigmoid curve pattern (S) with a regression equation y = 0.0005x3-0.0837x2 + 3.0707x + 0.119 with a coefficient of determination of 88.99%, while body size for chest circumference, body length, and shoulder height follows a polynomial pattern with regression equations y = -0.0627x2 + 3.1156x +40.333, y = -0.033x2 + 1.6941x + 43.125, and y = -0.0418x2 + 2.1168x + 39.089, respectively and the coefficient of determination was 85.26%, 82.46%, and 68.53%, respectively. The research conclude that the growth of body dimensions in livestock has fluctuated. The increase of body dimensions in female-goat goats peaked at the age of 21-30 months, then started to decline during 31-40 months. It is correlated with the fact that age greatly affects the dimensions of the animal body. The highest coefficient determination value was observed in body weight, namely 88.89%.
Productivity and Nutrient Digestibility of Sorghum Fodder at Different Urine Fertilizers Levels and Harvest Times
Authors: Harwanto Harwanto , Hendarto Eko , Bahrun Bahrun , Hidayat Nur , Istiqomah Dina , Candrasari Dewi Puspita
Published: April 2022

The present study aimed to determine the productivity and nutrient digestibility of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) fodder given different levels of urine fertilizer in various planting media and harvest times. The study was carried out in June - September 2020 and used numbu variety of sorghum planted hydroponically at fodder phase. This study used a 2x4 factorial completely randomized design with 4 replications. The first factor was the harvest time at 5 days (H1) and 10 days (H2). The second factor was the planting media that included water medium as an internal control (M1), 12.5 mL/L of urine fertilizer (M2) and 25 mL/L of water medium (M3), and urea 20 mg/L of water medium (M4) as the external control. The urine fertilizer was derived from Ongole crossbreed urine fermented for 21 days. The density of sorghum seeds in the planting medium was 2.5 kg/m2. The observed variables included plant productivity and nutrient digestibility in vitro. Data analysis used ANOVA and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test to determine significance. The results showed that the addition of urine fertilizer and harvest time had a significant effect on plant height, length of fresh leaf production, dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein compared to those of the internal control. The H2M3 treatment provides a comparable productivity effect with H2M4. Meanwhile, harvest time affected dry matter and organic matter digestibility. It can be concluded that 25.0 mL/L of urine fertilizer in planting medium and harvest time in 10 days were able to increase productivity, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility of sorghum fodder.
Nurses’ perception on Initial Implementation of Early Warning System: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Sujalmo Purwadi , Setiyarini Sri , Walsh Kenneth , Greenwood Melanie
Published: April 2022

The early warning system (EWS) has been decided as a new standard for Indonesian hospitals. The main objective of EWS implementation is to help nurses quickly recognize and react to deteriorating patients. This study explores how EWS contributes to nurses’ clinical decisions around patient deterioration. The research design for this study was mixed-method sequential explanatory. A purposive sampling approach was used to recruit the participants. Closed and open-ended questionnaires were distributed (n = 53) to adult unit nurses and the data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Focus group discussions were conducted to evaluate the implementation process and the results obtained were analyzed by using thematic analysis. Both data were integrated by using a joint display table. We found that 79% of nurses indicated that they needed education about how to use the EWS and 92% of nurses required education on physiology and management of the deteriorating patient. Three themes emerged: (1) the nurses’ experience of EWS Implementation, (2) the impact of EWS implementation, and (3) ameliorating the EWS Implementation. The participants showed that the EWS has been used for the assessment, documentation, and communication process of deteriorating patient management. The EWS is a complex tool for nurses, and they need support from stakeholders to maintain and optimize the advantages.
To Adapt or to Lead: The Relationship between Higher Education and Society Revisited
Authors: Chi Yang
Published: April 2022

Higher education should not only adapt to the development of society, but also lead to the development of society. This paper argues that higher education leading the development of society is conducive to promoting the realization of the dream of a strong higher education country, the construction of the integration of industry-university-research, the return of high-end talents and the construction of universalized higher education with Chinese characteristics.
Results of Epizootiological Monitoring of Natural Foci for Bacterial Vector-Borne Infections in Caucasian Mineral Waters Region of the Stavropol Territory in 2018–2020
Authors: Zaitseva O. A. , Gnusareva O. A. , Vasil’eva O. V. , Volynkina A. S. , Siritsa Yu. V. , Alekhina Yu. A. , Chishenyuk T. I. , Gazieva A. Yu. , Ashibokov U. M. , Davydova N. A. , Lazarenko E. V. , Ermolova N. V. , Kulichenko А. N.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to assess the epizootiological situation on bacterial vector-borne infections in Caucasian Mineral Waters area of the Stavropol Territory over the period of 2018–2020.

Materials and methods. 3494 specimens of ticks (473 pools), 257 specimens of small mammals, 9 regurgitates of birds of prey and mammals, 7 excreta samples of small mammals, and 2 water samples were tested. Laboratory research of the field material was carried out using molecular-genetic, serological, biological methods. Statistical analysis of laboratory results was conducted using Microsoft Excel 2010. The data were mapped using QGIS 2.18 software.

Results and discussion. The study revealed that the 44.8 % of collected ticks were positive for tick-borne borreliosis, 21.5 % – for tick-borne rickettsiosis, 10.3% – for human granulocytic anaplasmosis, 2.7 % – for Q fever, 0.84 % – for tularemia. There has been an increase in the percentage of positives for tick-borne borreliosis agent samples (more than three times) and a decrease in this indicator for human granulocytic anaplasmosis (1.5 times) as compared with 2010–2012. Investigation of tick infection with the agents of Q fever and tick-borne rickettsioses has not been previously conducted in the region. During the period under review, 19 pools of ticks had mixed infection, which indicates that there are combined foci of bacterial natural-focal infections with vector-borne transmission in the recreation zone of the Stavropol Territory. This necessitates preventive measures and systematical epizootiological surveys in the Caucasian Mineral Waters region.
Spatial Structure of Yersinia pestis Population Belonging to Altai Biovar, Subspecies central asiatica Acording to Genome-Wide Sequencing Data
Authors: Nikiforov K. A. , Morozov O. А. , Eroshenko G. A. , Oglodin E. G. , Kukleva L. M. , Naryshkina E. A. , Krasnov Ya. M. , Korzun V. M. , Balakhonov S. V. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the work was to conduct phylogenetic analysis of Y. pestis strains, biovar altaica ssp. central asiatica, isolated in Gorno-Altai high-mountain and Sailyugem natural plague foci on the territory of Russia and Mongolia in 1965–2020, by full-genome sequencing data.

Materials and methods. To determine the population structure of the biovar altaica ssp. central asiatica, 34 whole genome sequences were used (including 20 Y. pestis strains of the biovar altaica, 18 of which were sequenced by us). To isolate DNA from the Y. pestis strains, a PureLink Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Invitrogen, USA) was applied. Sequencing of the nucleotide sequences of Y. pestis strains was carried out in Ion PGM system Lifetechnologies. The analysis and processing of the obtained data were performed with the help of Newblergs Assembler 2.6 and IonTorrent Suite software package, 3.4.2. The search for SNPs was performed using the Wombac 2.0 program. The Maximum Likelihood dendrogram was built in the PhyML 3.1. The dendrogram was visualized using the FigTree 1.4.3 software.

Results and discussion. Based on the data of whole genome analysis, taking into account the 1871 revealed polymorphic nucleotides, the spatial structure of the biovar altaica ssp. central asiatica has been determined. It includes several phylogeographic branches: the Kurai-Tarkhatinskaya (cluster 0.PE4a-1) and the Ulandryk-Mongolian (0.PE4a-2), which is in agreement with the geographical regions of the isolation of strains forming these branches in the Altai Mountains. The Kurai-Tarkhatinskaya branch is further divided into the Kurai (sub-cluster 0.PE4a-1-1, formed by the strains of 2009–2018) and Tarkhatinskaya (subcluster 0.PE4a-1-2, formed by the strains of 2012–2020) sub-branches, while the Ulandryk-Mongolian branch of evolution is split into sub-branches represented by strains from the Ulandryk meso focus (sub-cluster 0.PE4a-2-2, strains 1965–2010) and the Sailyugem focus of Mongolia (sub-cluster 0.PE4a-2-1, strains 1964–1990).
Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Virus Variants of Concern in Mouse Models
Authors: Shipovalov A. V. , Kudrov G. А. , Tomilov A. A. , Bodnev S. A. , Boldyrev N. D. , Ovchinnikova A. S. , Zaikovskaya A. V. , Taranov O. S. , P’yankov O. V. , Maksyutov R. A.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the research was to assess the susceptibility of mice of different lines to newly emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Materials and methods. The SARS-CoV-2 virus strains belonging to variants of concern (VOC) circulating in the territory of the Russian Federation were used in the study. Experiments involved three inbred mouse lines (BALB/c, CBA and C57Bl/6z) and CD1 outbred mice taken from the nursery of the SSC VB “Vector” of the Rospotrebnadzor. The infectious titer of coronavirus in tissue samples obtained from the laboratory animals was determined on a Vero E6 cell culture. The (Ct) threshold value in RT-PCR was considered an additional parameter for monitoring the viral load in the samples. The severity of lung tissue damage was assessed using histological preparations.

Results and discussion. The susceptibility of various mouse lines to the genetic variant Beta of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been investigated. During intranasal infection of the inbred and outbred mice with strains of VOC at a dose of 2·103 TCID50, the virus replicated in the lungs with maximum concentrations 72 hours after infection. The pathogenicity of genetic variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for BALB/c mice has been assessed, a 50 % infectious dose for intranasal infection (ID50) determined. Histological analysis showed COVID-19-specific lung tissue lesions in infected animals. Our study proves that BALB/c mice can be used as a model animal in screening studies when evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic, vaccine preparations and studying the pathogenesis caused by VOC of the SARS-CoV-2 virus: Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Omicron (B.1.1.529) and the like.
West Nile Fever: Results of Monitoring over the Causative Agent in the Russian Federation in 2021, the Incidence Forecast for 2022
Authors: Putintseva E. V. , Udovichenko S. K. , Nikitin D. N. , Borodai N. V. , Shpak I. M. , Fomina V. K. , Nesgovorova A. V. , Baturin A. A. , Molchanova E. V. , Prilepskaya D. R. , Pimenova E. V. , Viktorov D. V. , Toporkov А. V.
Published: April 2022

The epidemiological situation on West Nile fever (WNF) in Russia in 2021 was characterized by an increase in the incidence relative to 2020 (more than 6-fold increase). The peculiarities of the WNF epidemic process have been determined: the territorial distribution of cases (75 % – in the constituent entities of the Central Federal District), the expansion of the causative agent’s areal with the involvement of new territories (official registration of cases in Moscow and the Tula Region for the first time ever), the early end of the epidemic season. An increase in the proportion of neuroinvasive forms, an increase in the share of male patients and the age group of 30–39 years, a decrease in the proportion of the population in contact with the pathogen in natural places of mass recreation were observed in the incidence structure. According to the results of the monitoring studies carried out by the Reference Center, intensive circulation of the pathogen was established on the territory of the Central Federal District, Southern Federal District, and the North Caucasian Federal District. The low reported incidence was due to insufficient detection of WNF patients. The results of moleculargenetic study showed that in the European part of Russia, WNV lineage 2 circulated in both epizootic and epidemic cycles, lineage 2 in the south of Western Siberia (Omsk Region) and lineage 4 in the Volgograd Region – in the epizootic cycle only. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains isolated from the Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov, Voronezh Regions and the Republic of Dagestan in 2021 belong to the genovariant of WNV lineage 2 not registered in Russia previously.  The topology of the phylogenetic tree indicates the possible African origin of the isolates, probably imported into Russia by migratory birds across the coast of the Caspian Sea. In the Volgograd Region, WNV of both the entrenched clade of lineage 2 (since 2007) and new genovariant circulated. The specialists of the Reference Center developed a forecast of WNF epidemiological situation development in the Volgograd Region in 2022 on the basis of the neural network modeling technique, according to which an increase in the incidence is expected, comparable to that in 2010 and 2012. Based on the climate projections, an increase in the incidence is possible in all Federal Districts of the European part of Russia, the southern territories of the Urals, Western Siberia, and the Far East.
Epidemiological Situation on Tick-Borne Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses in the Russian Federation in 2012–2021, Prognosis for 2022–2026
Authors: Rudakov N. V. , Pen’evskaya N. A. , Kumpan L. V. , Blokh A. I. , Shpynov S. N. , Trankvilevsky D. V. , Shtrek S. V.
Published: April 2022

The aimof the review was to characterize the epidemiological situation on rickettsiosis of the tick-borne spotted fever (TSF) group in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2012–2021 and provide a long-term forecast for 2022–2026. In 2020–2021, indicators of registered incidence of tick-borne rickettsiosis in Russia on the whole decreased relative to the average long-term pre-pandemic level in 2012–2019 by 2 fold for all forms of the TSF group on average (Siberian tick-borne typhus – STT, Astrakhan spotted fever and Mediterranean fever). A comparative analysis of the territories revealed a correlation between the incidence of STT and the number of medical facility visits due to “tick bites” (r=0.67, p=0.015), which, against the background of an increase in the frequency of contacts of the population with vectors in 2020–2021 in most regions and a decrease in the incidence in the same regions indicates the credible nature of the changes. The ranking of territories according to average long-term incidence rates made it possible to classify the Republic of Altai and the Altai Territory as regions of extremely high epidemic hazard as regards STT; high hazard – the Republic of Tuva; above average – the Republic of Khakassia, Khabarovsk Territory and the Jewish Autonomous Region. The established downward trend in the incidence of tick-borne rickettsiosis among the population will be sustained in most entities of the Russian Federation within the next 5 years, excluding the Republic of Altai, the Altai Territory, the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, where current incidence or an increase should be expected. The results of the analysis indicate the need to put more emphasis on natural-focal infections at the time of COVID-19 pandemic.
Studying the Effect of Experimental Bases on the Growth Quality of Liquid Nutritional Media for Submerged Cultivation of Plague Microbe Vaccine Strain
Authors: Abzaeva N. V. , Gostishcheva S. E. , Startseva O. L. , Katunina L. S. , Kovalev D. A. , Ivanova G. F. , Kostrominov A. V. , Kurilova A. A.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of experimental bases on the growth qualities of liquid nutrient media at the stage of obtaining the biomass of plague microbe vaccine strain using submerged cultivation.

Materials and methods. Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG vaccine strain was used in the work. The cultivation was carried out in a 5 L bioreactor with automatic stirrer control. We used 28 variants of nutrient media obtained through combining five types of bases and six growth stimulants. Nutrient media without the addition of growth-stimulating additives were used as controls. The following parameters were assessed in the yield biomass: the total number of microbial cells, pH, the percentage of viable microbial cells.

Results and discussion. On experimental nutrient media, biomasses of the plague microbe vaccine strain have been produced using submerged cultivation. After evaluating bacterial suspensions by the main indicators, the quality of the obtained suspensions has been compared depending on the nutrient medium used. The most promising bases identified are pancreatic hydrolyzate of casein with dry enzymatic peptone and acid hydrolyzate of corn syrup, especially in combination with such growth stimulants as sodium sulfite, ferrous ammonium sulfate or ammonium molybdate.
Study of the Surface Antigenic Determinants of Vibrio cholerae Strains with Atypical Agglutinability Using the Panel of Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Evdokimova V. V. , Alekseeva L. P. , Yakusheva O. A. , Levchenkо D. A. , Kruglikov V. D. , Zyuzina V. P. , Yagovkin M. E.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the work was to study surface antigenic determinants of V. cholerae R-variant strains using enzyme immunoassay and a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs).

Materials and methods. 60 strains of V. cholerae R-variant isolated from ambient environment objects in the territories of the former USSR and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation over a 30-year period (1988–2019) were investigated in the slide agglutination reaction with cholera diagnostic sera, enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) using the panel of MAbs specific to membrane proteins and a set of reagents “Monoclonal diagnostic immunoglobulins labeled with horseradish peroxidase, dry, for serological identification of V. cholerae O1 and O139 (in vitro) through ELISA and dot-ELISA”.

Results and discussion. The analysis of the surface structures of V. cholerae R-variant strains with atypical agglutinability has been carried out applying enzyme immunoassay. It showed that individual strains with different amounts of O-antigen are registered among the studied strains identified at isolation as V. cholerae R-variant (the optical density range is from 0.261±0.002 to 1.312±0.003). Epitopes of specific O-antigen were found in some “conservative” strains (30 %) that are agglutinated only with RO serum, and in several strains (20 %) that do not have the wbeT gene that determines its synthesis, and lost agglutinability with all diagnostic cholera sera, including RO. The protein epitopes recognized by complementary MAbs are represented with varying frequency in the composition of surface antigens of R-vibrios; a decrease in their representation or absence on the cell surface correlates with the modification or loss of R-LPS and is accompanied by a negative agglutination reaction.
Isolation of Rabies Virus Glycoprotein Using Three-Phase Extraction and Characteristics of its Antigenic Properties
Authors: Efimova M. A. , Akhmadeev R. M. , Galeeva A. G. , Valeeva A. R. , Miftakhov N. R. , Mukminov M. N. , Khaertynov K. S. , Shuralev Е. A.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the work was to develop an approach to isolation of rabies virus glycoprotein applying threephase extraction and to characterize its antigenic properties.

Materials and methods. Infectious activity of the rabies virus (production strain, “Ovine” GNKI) after long-term storage was restored on white BALB/c mice. The strain was used for cultivation on BHK-21 cells; the culture liquid was concentrated applying ultracentrifugation followed by separation by buoyant density in a sucrose gradient, selection of visually opalescent zones, phase concentration, chromatographic separation on an ENrich™ SEC650 column (Bio-Rad, USA) and selection of monomeric fractions with high serological activity according to the results of Western blotting.

Results and discussion. We have demonstrated that preliminary mechanical destruction of brain suspension, extraction of the virus-containing material from the cell suspension through successive low-speed and high-speed centrifugation, separation of the sediment produced in sucrose gradient with further phase concentration and chromatographic separation of the precipitate allows to obtain monomeric antigenic preparations with high serological activity. This methodology has made it possible to obtain an antigen, which is rabies virus glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 67 kDa, and two of its isoforms, having molecular weights of 60 and 54 kDa. The described approach can be viewed as an option for isolation of the rabies virus specific antigen when improving laboratory diagnostics techniques. The resulting antigen is a monomeric discrete containing one fraction with a molecu lar weight of 67 kDa. The data obtained corroborate the high specificity of the antigen and its suitability for the design of enzyme immunoassay and immunochromatographic tests, production of specific immunoglobulins, the study of the antigen/antibody interaction, as well as for the assessment of the protective immunity intensity after vaccination.
In vitro Study of Biological Properties of SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Strains Related to Various Genetic Variants
Authors: Zaykovskaya A. V. , Gladysheva A. V. , Kartashov M. Yu. , Taranov O. S. , Ovchinnikova A. S. , Shipovalov А. V. , P’yankov O. V.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the research was to study reproduction features of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strains of various genetic lines on Vero and Vero E6 cell culture.

Materials and methods. The SARS-CoV-2 virus strains related to the variants of concern (VOC) circulating in the territory of the Russian Federation were used in the research. The strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus were deposited in the State Collection of Pathogens of Viral Infections and Rickettsioses at the FBIS SSC VB “Vector” of the Rospotrebnadzor. The experiments were carried out on Vero and Vero E6 cell cultures. The dynamics of infectious virus accumulation was determined by titration of culture fluid samples 24, 48, 72, 96 hours after infection (MOI – from 1 to 0,00001 CPE50/cell). Plaque formation was studied on Vero E6 cell culture under 0.2 % agar coating. Image analysis and plaque size calculation were performed using GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program).

Results and discussion. The study describes the dynamics of accumulation of infectious virus in the culture fluid depending upon multiplicity of infection for the strains of SARS-CoV-2 virus belonging to different genetic lines. Differences in the morphology of plaques on the monolayer of Vero E6 cell culture under agar coating are shown. SARS-CoV-2 virus strains related to Alfa and Delta VOC demonstrate maximum reproduction rate among the studied strains (infectious titer is higher than 7 lg TCID50/100µl). Omicron VOC forms small plaques under agar coating and at a low multiplicity of infection has a low reproduction rate. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 virus strains belonging to different genetic lines have significant differences in the rate of reproduction on Vero and Vero E6 cell culture.