bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAPEAMENTO DE ESPAÇOS PÚBLICOS, PRÁTICAS DE LAZER E ATIVIDADE FÍSICA DE ALUNOS E DA COMUNIDADE NO ENTORNO DO COLUNI/UFF
Authors: Cerqueira Poliane Gaspar de , Silva Junior Cristiano Fróes da , Souza Laryssa Brenda Hilário da Silva de , Coutinho Lucas
Published: September 2020

O conhecimento da área de Educação Física é apropriado enquanto um conjunto de práticas, produzidas historicamente pela humanidade. Portanto, trata-se de uma área de conhecimento que exige espaços e tempos diferenciados daqueles tradicionalmente tratados na escola. Essa estrutura física vai além dos muros das escolas, com a disciplina interagindo com a comunidade escolar, podendo explorar espaços como ruas, praias, parques, praças públicas etc. Assim, o presente estudo buscou investigar e mapear os espaços públicos de lazer, realizando um levantamento das práticas de atividades físicas e das características e objetivos dos usuários destes espaços no entorno do Colégio Universitário Geraldo Reis (COLUNI-UFF). Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de maior atenção e investimento por parte do poder público para a preservação desses espaços e de maior participação popular para que se efetive a gestão participativa desses locais de desenvolvimento social de forma conjunta com a sociedade.
A CULTURA INDÍGENA NAS AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: UMA PERSPECTIVA CULTURAL
Authors: Santos Juliana Trajano dos , Santos Roberto Ferreira dos
Published: September 2020

O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar as vivências da cultura indígena por alunos do Ensino Fundamental I, com a finalidade de ampliação nos conteúdos que contemplem a cultura corporal de movimento nas aulas de Educação Física. É uma pesquisa qualitativa, que utilizou a observação e os registros das aulas. Foram cerca de 70 participantes, alunos matriculados nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental I, em uma escola municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Inicialmente, os alunos apresentaram poucos conhecimentos acerca da cultura indígena. Porém, ao decorrer das aulas ocorreram mudanças, como a utilização do termo indígena pelos alunos, os achados das pesquisas referentes às diferentes populações étnicas e à Fundação Nacional do índio (FUNAI). Assim, foi possível abordar a cultura indígena, abarcando a cultura corporal de movimento, a descolonização do currículo e a inclusão em uma perspectiva ampla, fazendo com que as aulas de Educação Física fossem um espaço democrático.
UMA ABORDAGEM SOBRE SAÚDE EM AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA PARA A EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS
Authors: Silva Kátia Regina Xavier da , Oliveira Gabriel Mendonça de , Medeiros Matheus Siciliamo Menezes de , Costa Juliana França da , Sodré Diego da Silva
Published: September 2020

A Educação Física deve considerar a formação integral, a aprendizagem ao longo da vida e a produção de conhecimentos por parte dos estudantes da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). O presente relato teve como objetivo: compartilhar reflexões oriundas de encontros na EJA, realizados no primeiro semestre de 2019, que versaram sobre a temática saúde, em aulas de Educação Física do Colégio Pedro II. A saúde é um rico objeto de conhecimento e problematização da vida, o que justifica a experiência pedagógica ser analisada sob o ponto de vista qualitativo. Como resultados, observou-se boa receptividade dos estudantes com relação aos conteúdos e estratégias de ensino e o respeito às diferenças foi destacado como algo a ser considerado. A abordagem se mostrou profícua, sob o ponto de vista da relação dos assuntos com o cotidiano e da atribuição de sentidos e significados, referentes à adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis.
INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA: MULHER, CORPO E ESPORTE
Authors: Santos Rosana Barreto dos , Leite Giovanna , Rosa Isadora , Duarte Julia , Leal Rafaella
Published: September 2020

Acreditamos que ao desvelar problemáticas sociais promovemos a emancipação de nossos alunos, produzindo conhecimentos e re-signiﬁcando a cultura escolar. Durante leituras e pesquisas sobre o estudo do corpo houve um despertar para o corpo feminino no esporte. Na sociedade contemporânea o esporte é um palco para a exposição de corpos que passam a educar outros corpos em seus diversos níveis. Desejamos entender como o corpo feminino se insere em um palco social, cultural e historicamente virilizado e qual o reﬂexo de todas essas relações no ambiente escolar. Para isso aplicamos um questionário para os alunos do ensino médio do campus Niterói e promovemos uma roda de conversa com a comunidade escolar com o intuito de ampliar a discussão. Esperamos com o projeto aprimorar de forma contínua e sistemática a prática pedagógica e proporcionar aos estudantes a capacidade de análise através da pesquisa científica oportunizando assim um trabalho diferenciado e enriquecedor.
Death in the Digital World
Authors: Goff Erin
Published: September 2020

The ghosts of lost loved ones have always haunted us, but the undefined role of the dead, the dying, and the grieving in the digital world is an ever-growing cultural haunting. This paper explores how memories of the dead are shifted and changed in the deceased’s lingering digital presence, how grief is altered by the digital world, and the uncertainties that arise with no etiquette book to guide us through death in the digital world. As this new phenomenon encroaches on our lives, where does technological innovation used to remember the dead meet an attempt to resurrect them?
Political Polarization and Demonic Possession
Authors: Burns Ashley
Published: September 2020

American culture, framed in its most widely understood definition, is a culmination of the traditions, ideals, and behaviors of the people who live here. Naturally, the movies which are produced as a result of said culture would be direct representations of the social and politcal environments at any given time. The horror genre, specifically films which are representations of demonic possession, depict metaphors for the often disregarded yet incredibly influential factor of the American politcal environment called political polarization. This concept, which is understood as the divergence of political attitudes to ideological extremes, presents itself strongly within representations of demonic possession through metaphorical natural opposites such as good and evil, traditionalism and modernism, and conventional and unconventional defnitions of femininity. The inflitration of political polarization into a typically unpolitical genre such as horror suggest that it not only culturally haunts the politics of America but every other facet consumed by American citizens, including and especially pop culture.
The positive impact of dental care on the patient's quality of life after cancer treatment: a case report
Authors: Carvalho Caroline Gomes , Câmara João Victor Frazão , Santos Paulo Sérgio da Silva
Published: September 2020

Objective: To report the case of a patient after cancer treatment and evaluate the impact of oral health on quality of life, through the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) before, during, and after dental treatment. Methodology: A patient after antineoplastic treatment attended the clinic specialized. In all consultations, OHIP-14 was applied. Case report: A 68-year-old man diagnosed with keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (T3N0MX), undergoing chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy (2878.2 Grays) and vertical partial laryngectomy surgery without ganglionic emptying. After CT, he complained of tooth loss and discomfort in the tongue after radiotherapy. Ex-drinker for 5 years, ex-smoker for 6 months, but alcoholic for> 10 years and smoker <50 years. Side effects of antineoplastic treatment included labial dryness, hyposalivation, dental fractures, residual roots, changes in swallowing, pain during mouth opening, and cervical movement. The results OHIP-14 was medium (17.85), weak (3.52), weak (2.84) and null impact of oral health on quality of life in the initial consultation, throughout the dental treatment, at the end of dental treatment and 1 year and 2 months after dental treatment, respectively. There was a high impact on psychological discomfort (3.55), medium on psychological disability (1.6), and functional limitation (2.04), in 2015, 2017, and 2018, respectively. Conclusion: The performance of the dentist on the late oral effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy had a positive impact on improving the quality of life after cancer treatment, with the help of the multidisciplinary team.
Um panorama do sagrado em Teresina: a territorialização da religião na cidade, Estado do Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Siqueira Felipe Ibiapina M. R. , Nascimento Elaine Ferreira do , Monte Liana Maria Ibiapina do
Published: September 2020

As religiões assumem papel de destaque frente à formação cultural da sociedade, influenciando na forma do homem se relacionar com o espaço. Desse modo, estudar o espaço urbano considerando a perspectiva do Sagrado possibilita um entendimento particularizado da cidade. Este trabalho tem como recorte de estudo a cidade de Teresina, na contemporaneidade, e intenta compreender como as religiões se territorializam nesta capital. Assim, tem-se como objetivo apresentar um panorama da territorialização das religiões no espaço urbano de Teresina. Foram selecionadas para a pesquisa: as religiões de matriz africana, tais como a Umbanda e o Candomblé; a Igreja Católica; as igrejas evangélicas neopentecostais Assembléia de Deus e Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus; e a Igreja Batista, protestante tradicional. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, buscou-se mapear os adensamentos religiosos, descrevendo as territorialidades a fim de ampliar o conhecimento desse índice humano/urbano, por vezes negligenciado, ou subnotificado, contribuindo para a política de planejamento e gestão urbana. Com esse trabalho
As religiões assumem papel de destaque frente à formação cultural da sociedade, influenciando na forma do homem se relacionar com o espaço. Desse modo, estudar o espaço urbano considerando a perspectiva do Sagrado possibilita um entendimento particularizado da cidade. Este trabalho tem como recorte de estudo a cidade de Teresina, na contemporaneidade, e intenta compreender como as religiões se territorializam nesta capital. Assim, tem-se como objetivo apresentar um panorama da territorialização das religiões no espaço urbano de Teresina. Foram selecionadas para a pesquisa: as religiões de matriz africana, tais como a Umbanda e o Candomblé; a Igreja Católica; as igrejas evangélicas neopentecostais Assembléia de Deus e Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus; e a Igreja Batista, protestante tradicional. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, buscou-se mapear os adensamentos religiosos, descrevendo as territorialidades a fim de ampliar o conhecimento desse índice humano/urbano, por vezes negligenciado, ou subnotificado, contribuindo para a política de planejamento e gestão urbana. Com esse trabalho chegou-se à conclusão que a expressão da religião no espaço transcende a matéria construída, sendo através da vivência dos usuários, ou seja, das suas relações de sociabilidade que se desprende a maior influência do Sagrado.
chegou-se à conclusão que a expressão da religião no espaço transcende a matéria construída, sendo através da vivência dos usuários, ou seja, das suas relações de sociabilidade que se desprende a maior influência do Sagrado.
Acolhimento com classificação de risco na emergência obstétrica: potencialidades e fragilidades
Authors: Pinheiro Silvia Letícia Ferreira , Albuquerque José Liberlando Alves de , Santos Sheron Maria Silva , Pinheiro Eugenio Lívio Teixeira , Fernandes Lidiane dos Santos , Pinheiro Rafaella Bezerra , Luna Isabele Cruz , Sousa Regina de Fátima Santos , Rodrigues Felipe Eufrosino de Alencar , Clemente Shayanne Késia dos Santos , Silva Paulina Nunes da , Calistro Monyelle de Oliveira , Luz Dayse Christina Rodrigues Pereira
Published: September 2020

O estudo objetiva verificar as principais potencialidades e fragilidades na implementação do acolhimento com classificação de risco na emergência obstétrica. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa construída em março de 2020 mediante buscas na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Google Acadêmico e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, com o descritor em saúde “acolhimento” e as palavras-chave irregular: “classificação de risco” e “emergência obstétrica”. Foram inclusos os documentos em formato de artigo, completo, escrito em português e/ou inglês, publicado entre 2015-2020 e excluíram-se as pesquisas de revisão, que não possuíam acesso gratuito, em duplicata e que em seu título e/ou resumo não contemplaram o conteúdo em discussão, resultando, assim, um total de 9 documentos selecionados para a construção desta revisão. A qualificação da assistência e melhora do fluxo de atendimento são elencadas como as principais potencialidades associadas com a implantação da política de acolhimento com classificação de risco e a carência de educação permanente, pactuação com a atenção primária e recursos materiais como as principais fragilidades. Diante desse cenário, faz-se necessário que os serviços de saúde fortaleçam a educação permanente, os profissionais busquem se empoderar da temática e que a atenção básica fortifique suas ações para melhorar a assistência prestada às gestantes e puérperas do Sistema Único de Saúde.
O estudo das operações com frações por meio quadrinhos para a formação do professor de matemática
Authors: Miranda Roberto da Rocha , Rocha Silviane da Silva , Pereira Ana Carolina Costa
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as operações com frações, assunto constante na Educação Básica, através de propostas de atividades utilizando quadrinhos para uma abordagem diferenciada da temática. Os quadrinhos educativos visam superar as dificuldades que os alunos possuem em operações básicas de frações e, ainda, promovem a reinvenção de práticas didáticas dos docentes, que usufruem das potencialidades dos quadrinhos. Utiliza-se uma metodologia qualitativa de cunho descritivo, que resultou na construção de duas propostas didáticas. A primeira promove provocações iniciais para mobilização de conhecimentos prévios. A segunda proposta apresenta representações quadradas da soma e subtração de frações. Assim, o estudo propõe aos professores um guia prático para direcioná-los em suas práticas educativas, a fim de familiarizá-los com o recurso dos quadrinhos, podendo adaptá-los para atender seus objetivos, tempo e público. Nessa perspectiva, compreende-se que a prática com quadrinhos pode ser incorporada às aulas de matemática, como também, com ela, desmistifica-se a ideia de sub leitura, para que, assim, haja a sensibilização e a familiarização com a linguagem, promovendo uma perspectiva formativa significante na atuação do magistério no ensino de Educação Básica.
Sono e cronotipo em estudantes universitários na pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Monteiro Bruno Massayuki Makimoto , Santos Neto Carleon Nascimento , Souza José Carlos Rosa Pires de
Published: September 2020

Introdução: Para que se possa desempenhar as suas funções específicas (e.g., produção de hormônios, homeostasia celular e imunologia), é fundamental que as horas de sono sejam corretas. Porém, essa quantidade e qualidade de sono pode ser prejudicada por diversos fatores, como psicológicos e ambientais. Portanto, objetivou-se investigar na literatura os hábitos de sono, cronotipo e relógio biológico dos estudantes universitários no atual cenário da pandemia da COVID-19. Metodologia: Fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa com artigos científicos publicados entre 2010 e 2020 nas bases de dados Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, Scielo, Pubmed, Sciencedirect; os descritores foram “sono”, “transtornos do sono”, “cronotipo”, “relógio biológico”, “ciclo circadiano”, “matutinidade”, “vespertinidade”, “estudantes”, “universitários”, “epidemias”, “pandemias”, “COVID-19” e o booleano “e”. Resultados e discussão: Compondo a complexidade interativa do sono com o relógio biológico, estão as flutuações, sensibilidade, homeostase, influência fotóptica e
sazonal, patologia, temperatura corpórea, alimentação, níveis hormonais, sistema imune, alterações psicológicas e atividade física. Consequentemente, muitos de aspectos relacionados ao cronotipo dos jovens estudantes universitários mostraram-se alterados e com prejuízo ao mesmo, principalmente frente a atual situação estressora, em demasia, que é a pandemia da COVID-19. Conclusão: O sono e o cronotipo exercem variados processos fisiológicos no corpo dos estudantes universitários. Isto ocorre de forma não linear e bastante complexa; os níveis de cortisol, hormônio do crescimento, melatonina e as oscilações da temperatura corporal mostraram-se ser um caráter preditivo e sensível para alterações do processo sono-vigília.
Otimização da desacidificação do óleo de soja utilizado para produção de biodiesel no Tocantins
Authors: Aguiar Aynaran Oliveira de , Soares Camila Mariane da Silva , Ibiapina Andreia , Guedes Eduardo Henrique Santos , Almeida Luara de Jesus , Peluzio Joênes Mucci , Martins Glêndara Aparecida de Souza
Published: September 2020

A soja é a principal matéria-prima para a produção do óleo utilizado na alimentação humana, e na conversão ao biodiesel. Para a produção de biodiesel, uma importante operação prévia é a desacidificação do óleo através da remoção de ácidos graxos livres. Um dos métodos mais vantajosos para a promoção da desacidificação é a extração líquido-líquido realizada à temperatura ambiente e pressão atmosférica.  Objetivou-se com este estudo promover a otimização do processo de desacidificação. Foram realizadas análises de peróxido e saponificação, densidade, viscosidade, índice de refração e teor de água na matéria-prima coletada em uma indústria de biodiesel do estado. A desacidificação foi realizada em delineamento fatorial 2³ para avaliar o efeito do teor de água, da mistura do óleo/solvente, e da temperatura sobre o percentual de remoção de ácidos graxos livres e coeficiente de partição. Observou-se que o óleo de soja analisado atende aos padrões de qualidade estabelecidos pela legislação, e o teor de água foi a variável mais influente no processo de desacidificação, reduzindo a capacidade de extração do solvente. Este estudo se tratou de uma pesquisa experimental e laboratorial de natureza quantitativa, onde as condições do ensaio foram controladas utilizando planejamento fatorial de 23. Concluindo com os resultados que a porcentagem de água foi uma variável influente inversamente, onde em menores porcentagens conseguiu-se extrair maiores quantidades de ácidos graxos livres, objetivando uma extração mais eficaz.
Bromatologia da silagem de capim elefante com torta de cupuaçu em diferentes períodos de armazenamento
Authors: Peixoto Renato Mesquita , Arévalo Pinedo Lerner , Justo do Rosário Ilzanda , Carlos de Oliveira Palloma Vitória , Ribeiro Angelita Alecchandra , Da Silva Borges Letícia , Cunha dos Santos Betina Raquel , Amorim Dayana Souza , Chacón Salvador Augusto Rufino González
Published: September 2020

Objetivou-se avaliar a composição bromatológica e perfil fermentativo da silagem com 20% de capim elefante e 80% de torta de cupuaçu com diferentes tempos de armazenamentos. O experimento foi realizado no setor de Bromatologia da Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco-Acre, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições (T1=7 dias; T2= 14 dias; T3= 21 dias; T4= 28 dias e T5= 35 dias). Foram utilizados 20 silos experimentais de policloreto de vinila (PVC) com capacidade de 2 kg e avaliados potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), material mineral (MM), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), hemicelulose (HEM), lignina (LIG), perdas de matéria seca (PMS), gases (PG) e efluentes (PE). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey (P<0,05), utilizando-se o programa estatístico SISVAR, versão 2012. Os resultados referentes ao potencial hidrogeniônico (pH) diferiram estatisticamente (P< 0,05). MS, PB, MM, EE, e NDT apresentaram diferenças significativas (P<0,05) entre os tratamentos, com destaque para 35 dias de armazenamento, o qual apresentou melhor teor de FDA, HEM e LIG. Os níveis de HEM, perdas por gases (PG) e efluentes (PE) diferiram estatisticamente (P<0,05). Conclui-se que silagens de capim elefante com torta de cupuaçu na proporção estudada apresentaram composição bromatológica com perdas de matéria seca, efluentes e gases em níveis aceitáveis quando o período de armazenamento é superior a 28 dias.
Training in statistical analysis reduces the framing effect among medical students and residents in Argentina
Authors: Borracci Raúl Alfredo , Arribalzaga Eduardo Benigno , Thierer Jorge
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The framing effect refers to a phenomenon wherein, when the same problem is presented using different representations of information, people make significant changes in their decisions. This study aimed to explore whether the framing effect could be reduced in medical students and residents by teaching them the statistical concepts of effect size, probability, and sampling for use in the medical decision-making process.Methods: Ninety-five second-year medical students and 100 second-year medical residents of Austral University and Buenos Aires University, Argentina were invited to participate in the study between March and June 2017. A questionnaire was developed to assess the different types of framing effects in medical situations. After an initial administration of the survey, students and residents were taught statistical concepts including effect size, probability, and sampling during 2 individual independent official biostatistics courses. After these interventions, the same questionnaire was randomly administered again, and pre- and post-intervention outcomes were compared among students and residents.Results: Almost every type of framing effect was reproduced either in the students or in the residents. After teaching medical students and residents the analytical process behind statistical concepts, a significant reduction in sample-size, risky-choice, pseudo-certainty, number-size, attribute, goal, and probabilistic formulation framing effects was observed.Conclusion: The decision-making of medical students and residents in simulated medical situations may be affected by different frame descriptions, and these framing effects can be partially reduced by training individuals in probability analysis and statistical sampling methods.
Public Perceptions of “Fake News” in the United States and Japan
Authors: Owen Diana , Ogasahara Morihiro , Kiyohara Shoko
Published: September 2020

This study compares how Japanese and American voters understand the concept of "fake news" and the consequences of misinformation. The spread of misinformation is far less prevalent in Japan than in the U.S. The practices of politicians using the label "fake news" to discredit information that politicians dislike is widespread in the U.S., but just catching on in Japan. Using survey data, the study examines patterns of political media use and trust in the media for the two countries. Notably, newspapers are used more extensively in Japan than in the U.S., and are a trusted information source. Social media are far less important for disseminating political information Japan than in the U.S., which helps to limit the spread of misinformation.
Redux Online Webinar 3: Open Access: Sales - Open Access business models for books and journals
Authors: Staines Heather , Farrell Emily , Paul Eve Martin , Berghahn Vivian
Published: September 2020

When it comes to a healthy OA publishing ecosystem, diversity in business models may be key. To avoid a mere shift from reader pays to author pays system, publishers are exploring new models to make OA content sustainable. These include going direct to libraries with package offerings that include extras to improve reader experience, particularly around content for classrooms. Some freemium models are designed to break down the silos and functions of traditional publishing, enabling open peer review, community engagement, and multi-modal content. Building upon strong bases of support, consortium or subscriber-funded projects seek to open content, like invited review articles not suitable for APC charges, or even to flip entire disciplines. Other new initiatives see grant or government funding as the best way to get new regional projects off the ground. Recording of a live webinar held on 25 June 2020 as part of the Redux Online series.
Inorganic Phosphate Solubilization by a Novel Isolated Bacterial Strain Enterobacter sp. ITCB-09 and Its Application Potential as Biofertilizer
Authors: Mendoza-Arroyo Gustavo Enrique , Chan-Bacab Manuel Jesús , Aguila-Ramírez Ruth Noemi , Ortega-Morales Benjamín Otto , Canché Solís René Efraín , Chab-Ruiz Antonio O. , Cob-Rivera Katia I. , Dzib-Castillo Benito , Tun-Che Rodrigo Enrique , Camacho-Chab Juan Carlos
Published: September 2020

The excessive use of fertilizers in agriculture is mainly due to the recognized plant requirements for soluble phosphorus. This problem has limited the implementation of sustainable agriculture. A viable alternative is to use phosphate solubilizing soil microorganisms. This work aimed to isolate inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria from the soils of agroecosystems, to select and identify, based on sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, the bacterium with the highest capacity for in vitro solubilization of inorganic phosphate. Additionally, we aimed to determine its primary phosphate solubilizing mechanisms and to evaluate its effect on Habanero pepper seedlings growth. A total of 21 bacterial strains were isolated by their activity on Pikovskaya agar. Of these, strain ITCB-09 exhibited the highest ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate (865.98 µg/mL) through the production of organic acids. This strain produced extracellular polymeric substances and siderophores that have ecological implications for phosphate solubilization. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain ITCB-09 belongs to the genus Enterobacter. Enterobacter sp. ITCB-09, especially when immobilized in beads, had a positive effect on Capsicum chinense Jacq. seedling growth, indicating its potential as a biofertilizer.
Adaptation of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus) to Mediterranean Environments
Authors: Rubiales Diego , Emeran Amero A. , Flores Fernando
Published: September 2020

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is an annual legume crop widely cultivated in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, but in regression in Mediterranean region. Its rusticity and nutritious value is calling back attention for its reintroduction into Mediterranean rain-fed farming systems. We studied the adaptation of a range of breeding lines in multi-environment field testing in Spain and Egypt, showing wide variation for grain yield. Broomrape (Orobanche crenata) infection appeared as the major limiting factor in both countries. Level of broomrape infection was highly influenced by environmental conditions, being favored by moderate temperatures at crop flowering and rain and humidity after flowering. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis was applied to understand the interaction between genotype (G) and environment (E) on grain yield and on broomrape infection. AMMI analyses revealed significant G and E effects as well as G*E interaction with respect to both traits. The AMMI analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that both, yield and broomrape infection were dominated by the environment main effect. AMMI1 biplot for grain yield revealed Ls10 and Ls11 as the accession with highest yields, closely followed by Ls16, Ls18 and Ls19. However, these accessions showed also lower stability, being particularly adapted to Delta Nile conditions. On the contrary, accessions Ls12 and Ls14 were more adapted to rain fed Spanish conditions. Accessions Ls7, Ls1 and Ls3 were the most stable over environments for grain yield.
Phenology-Adjusted Stress Severity Index to Assess Genotypic Responses to Terminal Drought in Field Grown Potato
Authors: Hoelle Julia , Asch Folkard , Khan Awais , Bonierbale Merideth
Published: September 2020

Potato is a drought susceptible, often rain-fed crop suffering strongly from even short periods of soil water deficit. With global environmental conditions changing, potato clones resistant to variable water supply are needed and identifying them is a major task. Many indices assessing potato tolerance to water deficit have been proposed, albeit none of them takes into account the severity of the stress or the sensitivity of the developmental stage during which the stress occurs. As a result, data obtained on genotypes in one location or season are normally not useful in another location or in a different season. We have developed an index evaluating yield response of potato to water deficit based on the soil tension the genotype was subjected to for the duration of the stress modified by the development stage of the genotype. The sum of the daily values was combined in a stress severity index (SSI). In total thirteen genotypes differing in duration and sensitivity to drought were subjected to four levels of deficit irrigation on two soil types at different development stages over two years. Early drought (early tuber filling) reduced yields up to 95% whereas late drought (late tuber bulking) reduced yields significantly less. SSI depended on the genotypic phenological development and on the soil tension values and ranges between 25 and 3500. The index differentiated genotypic responses well across treatments and soil types, even with these relatively advanced development stages, up to a value of 1000. Beyond 1000, yields were generally reduced by more than 60% and a differentiation between genotypes was not possible anymore. SSI constitutes a method that renders site, location, year, season, and soil type effects comparable for responses of potato clones to soil water deficit. Combining this measure of stress severity with other proposed indices may improve upon their current weaknesses in finding or identifying the underlying traits of drought tolerance in potato.
Adversarial Learning for Product Recommendation
Authors: Bock Joel R. , Maewal Akhilesh
Published: September 2020

Product recommendation can be considered as a problem in data fusion—estimation of the joint distribution between individuals, their behaviors, and goods or services of interest. This work proposes a conditional, coupled generative adversarial network (RecommenderGAN) that learns to produce samples from a joint distribution between (view, buy) behaviors found in extremely sparse implicit feedback training data. User interaction is represented by two matrices having binary-valued elements. In each matrix, nonzero values indicate whether a user viewed or bought a specific item in a given product category, respectively. By encoding actions in this manner, the model is able to represent entire, large scale product catalogs. Conversion rate statistics computed on trained GAN output samples ranged from 1.323% to 1.763%. These statistics are found to be significant in comparison to null hypothesis testing results. The results are shown comparable to published conversion rates aggregated across many industries and product types. Our results are preliminary, however they suggest that the recommendations produced by the model may provide utility for consumers and digital retailers.
Analysis of Whole Genome Resequencing Datasets from a Worldwide Sample of Sheep Breeds to Identify Potential Causal Mutations Influencing Milk Composition Traits
Authors: Marina Héctor , Gutiérrez-Gil Beatriz , Esteban-Blanco Cristina , Suárez-Vega Aroa , Pelayo Rocío , Arranz Juan José
Published: September 2020

Different studies have shown that polymorphisms in the sequence of genes coding for the milk proteins and milk fatty acids are associated with milk composition traits as well as with cheese-making traits. However, the lack of coincident results across sheep populations has prevented the use of this information in sheep breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to exploit the information derived from a total of 175 whole genome resequencing (WGR) datasets from 43 domestic sheep breeds and three wild sheep to evaluate the genetic diversity of 24 candidate genes for milk composition and identify genetic variants with a potential phenotypic effect. The functional annotation of the identified variants highlighted five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) predicted to have a high impact on the protein function and 42 missense SNPs with a putative deleterious effect. When comparing the allelic frequencies at these 47 polymorphisms with relevant functional effects between the genomes of Assaf and Churra sheep breeds, two missense deleterious variants were identified as potential markers associated to the milk composition differences found between the Churra and Assaf: XDH:92215727C>T and LALBA:137390760T>C. Future research is required to confirm the effect of the potential functionally relevant variants identified in the present study on milk composition and cheese-making traits.
Low Dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA Ratio Regulates Meat Quality, Reduces Triglyceride Content, and Improves Fatty Acid Composition of Meat in Heigai Pigs
Authors: Nong Qiuyun , Wang Liyi , Zhou Yanbing , Sun Ye , Chen Wentao , Xie Jintang , Zhu Xiaodong , Shan Tizhong
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on growth performance, meat quality, and fatty acid profile in Heigai pigs. A total of 54 Heigai finishing pigs (body weight: 71.59 ± 2.16 kg) were randomly divided into three treatments with six replications (three pigs per replication) and fed diets containing different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios: 8:1, 5:1, and 3:1. Pigs fed the dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of 8:1 had the highest feed to gain ratio (p < 0.01), carcass weight (p < 0.05), redness a* (p < 0.01), and yellowness b* (p < 0.01). Fatty acid compositions in longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were significantly changed (p < 0.01). Notably, the meat from the pigs fed with the low dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio had higher n-3 PUFA contents (p < 0.01) and lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (p < 0.01). The triglyceride and total cholesterol contents were significantly decreased in SAT from the pigs fed with dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios of 5:1 (p < 0.05) and 3:1 (p < 0.01). Reducing n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio upregulated the expression of HSL (p < 0.05), CPT1 (p < 0.01), and FABP4 (p < 0.01) but downregulated ATGL (p < 0.01) expression. These results demonstrate that the lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio regulates meat quality and enhances the deposition of n-3 PUFA in Heigai pigs.
Lymphoepithelial Cyst of the Salivary Gland in a Small Ruminant Lentivirus-Positive Goat
Authors: Dolka Izabella , Tomaszewski Marek , Wola Daria , Czopowicz Michał , Kaba Jarosław
Published: September 2020

The lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC) of the major salivary gland is a rare lesion described in medical literature. It is found in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and considered an early manifestation of this infection. Despite the variety of theories, the origin of this lesion remains controversial. No veterinary studies on LEC have been published so far. This study is the first-ever that aims to describe histopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical features of a LEC located adjacent to the salivary gland of a goat. The goat proved seropositive for the small ruminant lentivirus, showed clinical signs of caprine arthritis-encephalitis, and had caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV)-infected cells in the lung. The histopathology revealed a cystic lesion lined mainly with squamous epithelium surrounded by a lymphoid component, containing a mucus-negative material and a few nonbirefringent structures corresponding to amylase crystalloids. Using immunohistochemistry, CAEV-positive cells were detected in macrophages, LEC epithelial cells, and the salivary gland. The B cells were mainly in the germinal centres, the intraepithelial lymphocytes expressed CD3 and Bcl-2, and the proliferative activity was low. This study showed that LEC had many similar histological and immunohistochemical features to those seen in humans. However, further studies are required in this respect.
Evaluation of an Acute Osmotic Stress in European Sea Bass via Skin Mucus Biomarkers
Authors: Ordóñez-Grande Borja , Guerreiro Pedro M. , Sanahuja Ignasi , Fernández-Alacid Laura , Ibarz Antoni
Published: September 2020

European sea bass is a marine teleost which can inhabit a broad range of environmental salinities. So far, no research has studied the physiological response of this fish to salinity challenges using modifications in skin mucus as a potential biological matrix. Here, we used a skin mucus sampling technique to evaluate the response of sea bass to several acute osmotic challenges (for 3 h) from seawater (35‰) to two hypoosmotic environments, diluted brackish water (3‰) and estuarine waters (12‰), and to one hyperosmotic condition (50‰). For this, we recorded the volume of mucus exuded and compared the main stress-related biomarkers and osmosis-related parameters in skin mucus and plasma. Sea bass exuded the greatest volume of skin mucus with the highest total contents of cortisol, glucose, and protein under hypersalinity. This indicates an exacerbated acute stress response with possible energy losses if the condition is sustained over time. Under hyposalinity, the response depended on the magnitude of the osmotic change: shifting to 3‰ was an extreme salinity change, which affected fish aerobic metabolism by acutely modifying lactate exudation. All these data enhance the current scarce knowledge of skin mucus as a target through which to study environmental changes and fish status.
Health Risk Perception, Consumption Intention, and Willingness to Pay for Pig Products Obtained by Immunocastration
Authors: Di Pasquale Jorgelina , Vecchio Yari , Martelli Giovanna , Sardi Luca , Adinolfi Felice , Nannoni Eleonora
Published: September 2020

Surgical castration without the use of anaesthesia and/or analgesia is considered to be detrimental for the welfare of pigs and for this reason its abandonment is advocated. Immunocastration is a more welfare-friendly alternative method; however, stakeholders in the pork sector fear consumer rejection due to perceived safety issues of immunocastrated meat. This work aimed to analyse whether Italian consumers perceive a health risk arising from the use of this technique and, if so, how the perceived risk may influence the purchase choices and the willingness to pay for products derived from immunocastrated animals. To achieve this objective, a survey was carried out on a representative sample of the Italian population. The results highlight that consumers perceive different levels of risk related to the use of immunocastration and that this influences purchasing behaviour and willingness to pay. Moreover, it should be noted that the willingness to pay is also influenced by certain demographic factors, since this is positively associated with younger respondents with lower incomes and less knowledge of farming systems, who live in rural areas and have a greater sensitivity to animal welfare. Given the concerns expressed by consumers, particular attention must be paid to the information transmitted if this technology will be widely implemented in pig husbandry.
Proline Protects Boar Sperm against Oxidative Stress through Proline Dehydrogenase-Mediated Metabolism and the Amine Structure of Pyrrolidine
Authors: Feng Chengwen , Zhu Zhendong , Bai Wenjing , Li Rongnan , Zheng Yi , Tian Xiu’e , Wu De , Lu Hongzhao , Wang Yongjun , Zeng Wenxian
Published: September 2020

Proline was reported to improve sperm quality in rams, stallions, cynomolgus monkeys, donkeys, and canines during cryopreservation. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of proline on boar semen during liquid storage at 17 °C and explore the underlying mechanism. Freshly ejaculated boar semen was supplemented with different concentrations of proline (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 mM) and stored at 17 °C for nine days. Sperm motility patterns, membrane integrity, ATP (adenosine triphosphate), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and GSH (glutathione) levels, and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated after storage for up to five days. It was observed that boar sperm quality gradually decreased with the extension of storage time, while the ROS levels increased. Addition of 75 mM proline not only significantly improved sperm membrane integrity, motility, and ATP levels but also maintained the redox homeostasis via increasing the GSH levels and activities of CAT and SOD. When hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce oxidative stress, addition of proline significantly improved sperm quality and reduced ROS levels. Moreover, addition of proline also improved sperm quality during the rapid cooling process. Notably, addition of DL-PCA (DL-pipecolinic acid) rescued the reduction of progressive motility and total motility caused by H2O2, and THFA (tetrahydro-2-furoic acid) failed to provide protection. Furthermore, addition of proline at 75 mM increased the activity of proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and attenuated the H2O2-induced reduction in progressive motility. These data demonstrate that proline protects sperm against oxidative stress through the secondary amine structure and proline dehydrogenase-mediated metabolism.
Expansion of Vertebrate Pest Exclusion Fencing and Its Potential Benefits for Threatened Fauna Recovery in Australia
Authors: Smith Deane , Waddell Kristy , Allen Benjamin L.
Published: September 2020

The global effort to conserve threatened species relies heavily on our ability to separate these species from the processes that threaten them, and a common tool used for this purpose is exclusion fencing. In Australia, pest animal exclusion fencing has been repeatedly used on conservation land on a small scale to successfully exclude introduced predators and competitors from threatened native fauna populations. However, in recent years, “cluster fencing” on agricultural land has re-emerged on a large scale and is used by livestock producers seeking to reduce predation losses by dingoes (Canis familiaris) and manage total grazing pressure from native and introduced herbivores, including red kangaroos (Osphranter rufus). Given that the primary threats to at-risk native fauna are also predation and overgrazing, there may be potential for cluster fencing on livestock land to achieve additional fauna conservation benefits. Understanding the amount, location and potential conservation value of cluster fenced livestock land is critical for determining how these areas might contribute to broader threatened fauna recovery goals. Drawing from publicly available databases maintained by the Australian Government, we assessed the spatial overlap of threatened species’ distributions with 105 cluster fences erected in Queensland since 2013, which cover 65,901 km2 of land. These cluster fenced areas represent 18 biogeographic subregions and may contain 28 extant threatened mammals, birds and reptiles including 18 vulnerable species, 7 endangered species and 3 critically endangered species. An average of nine threatened species or their habitats were identified per cluster, and over three quarters (78.6%) of these species face at least one threat that is being mitigated within clusters. The true status of threatened and pest species within clusters is largely unknown or unrecorded in most cases, but some examples of pest eradication and threatened species recovery are already emerging. Given the vast size of the cluster fenced estate, the many different biomes and species that it represents and the nature of the threats being removed within these fenced areas, we contend that agricultural cluster fencing may offer an unprecedented opportunity to advance threatened fauna conservation goals for some species at scales previously thought impossible and should be a research priority for threatened species managers.
Fructans Prime ROS Dynamics and Botrytis cinerea Resistance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Henry Christopher , Takács Zoltan , Freynschlag Florentina , Toksoy Öner Ebru , Jonak Claudia , Van den Ende Wim
Published: September 2020

Naturally derived molecules can be used as priming or defense stimulatory agents to protect against biotic stress. Fructans have gained strong interest due to their ability to induce resistance in a number of crop species. In this study, we set out to establish the role of fructan-induced immunity against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that both inulin- and levan-type fructans from different sources can enhance Arabidopsis resistance against B. cinerea. We found that inulin from chicory roots and levan oligosaccharides from the exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium Halomonas smyrnensis primed the NADPH-oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in response to the elicitors flg22, derived from the bacterial flagellum, and oligogalacturonides (OGs), derived from the host cell wall. Neither induced a direct ROS burst typical of elicitors. We also found a primed response after infection with B. cinerea for H2O2 accumulation and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase. Sucrose accumulated as a consequence of fructan priming, and glucose and sucrose levels increased in fructan-treated plants after infection with B. cinerea. This study shows that levan-type fructans, specifically from bacterial origin, can prime plant defenses and that both inulin and levan oligosaccharide-mediated priming is associated with changes in ROS dynamics and sugar metabolism. Establishing fructan-induced immunity in Arabidopsis is an important step to further study the underlying mechanisms since a broad range of biological resources are available for Arabidopsis.
Research on Longitudinal Collapse Mode and Control of the Continuous Bridge under Strong Seismic Excitations
Authors: Li Yale , Zong Zhouhong , Yang Bingwen , Lin Yuanzheng , Lin Jin
Published: September 2020

Bridge collapse events are common in major earthquakes around the world, among which continuous girder bridges are the most involved. In order to explore the collapse mechanism of a continuous girder bridge in an earthquake, the collapse mode of a two-span continuous girder bridge specimen which had been studied by the shaking table test was analyzed. Then, on the basis of the conventional plate rubber bearing system, the collapse control strategies which were high damping rubber bearing, fluid viscous damper, lock-up clutch control methods were discussed. It is found that high damping rubber bearing can delay the collapse time but the collapse mode remains the same; lock-up clutch has the best displacement control effect for the superstructure, but its energy consumption performance is not as good as that of a fluid viscous damper; high damping rubber bearing is quite suitable for protecting the substructure under short-period ground motion to avoid the bridge collapse caused by the failure of piers; fluid viscous damper and lock-up clutch are suitable for protecting the superstructure under long ground seismic motion to avoid the bridge non-use resulted from girder lowering; three collapse control methods can improve the anti-collapse ability of the bridge specimen, although no matter which control method is used, the bridge specimen may still collapse under strong earthquakes, but the target of postponing collapse time can be realized by means of various effective control methods.