bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SATIŞ ELEMANLARININ MÜŞTERİ YÖNELİMİ İLE İŞ TATMİNİ, ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIĞI VE DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN BELİRLENMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: YOLAÇ Gökhan
Published: February 2020

Dinamik pazarlama çevresi faktörlerine uyum sağlamak için işletmeler pazarlama anlayışını uygulamak durumundadırlar. Çünkü uyum sağlayamayan işletmeler rekabet ortamında varlıklarını devam ettiremezler. İşletmelerin satış elemanları, onların pazarlama anlayışını uygulama durumda olan ve müşterileri ile sıcak temasta bulunan hayati bir görevi yerine getirmektedirler. Dolayısıyla satış elemanlarının müşteri yönelimli yaklaşımı benimsemiş olmaları işletmeler açısından önemlidir. Çalışmada, satış elemanlarının iş tatmini, örgütsel bağlılığı müşteri yönelimliği yaklaşımları İncelenmektedir. Makina halısı sektöründe çalışan ve pazar lideri konumundaki firmaların satış elemanları araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre satış elemanlarının müşteri yönelimliği ile onların demografik özellikleri, iş tatmin düzeyleri ile örgütsel bağlılıkları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.
IGF-1 via PI3K/Akt/S6K signaling pathway protects DRG neurons with high glucose-induced toxicity
Authors: Liu Chunhong , Liu Siyan , Wang Sheng , Sun Yi , Lu Xin , Li Hao , Li Guibao
Published: February 2020

Hyperglycemia-induced toxicity of neurons contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic neuropathy (DNP). High concentration glucose triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and induced cell apoptosis of neurons from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in vitro. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic method to retard this devastating complication or neurotoxicity induced by high glucose. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has multi-neurotrophic actions which need to be explored regarding its actions and mechanisms on relieving high glucose induced neurotoxicity. Herein, high concentration glucose was exposed to the DRG neurons in vitro. The effects of IGF-1 on relieving high glucose-induced neurotoxicity were evaluated. We illustrated that IGF-1 enhanced regeneration of neurites sent from DRG neuronal cell bodies and increased neuronal viability which inhibited by high glucose challenge. IGF-1 alleviated neuronal apoptosis caused by high glucose exposure. IGF-1 also suppressed the intracellular ROS overproduction and ATF3 expression upregulation which was induced by high glucose insult. The anti-neurotoxic effects of IGF-1 might be through restoration of prosurvival PI3K/Akt/S6K signaling. These data shed some light on the treatment of intractable DNP and suggested that IGF-1 might be a potential effective agent on relieving high glucose induced neurotoxicity.
Bioinformatic analysis reveals GSG2 as a potential target for breast cancer therapy
Authors: Ye Zheng , Zhang Zhaoyu , Fang Lijiao , Tian Daiquan , Liu Xin
Published: February 2020

Objective

To explore the potential role of GSG2 in breast cancer progression.

Methods

The mRNA expression, DNA copy number and clinical data used in this study were obtained from the TCGA data portal. The copy number variations (CNVs) thresholds were determined according to the set of discrete copy number calls provided by Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer (GISTIC).

Results

The mRNA expression level of GSG2 in 112 breast cancer tissues was much higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. GSG2 was significantly upregulated in stage II compared with stage I, and there was no differential expression of GSG2 between tumors with or without metastasis. Heterozygous deletion occupied 57.1% of CNVs for GSG2 gene in breast cancer samples. Patients with higher GSG2 expression tended to suffer from poorer prognosis.

Conclusion

Our profiling analysis indicated the overexpression of GSG2 might play an important role in breast cancer development, suggesting that GSG2 could be a new target for breast cancer treatment, making GSG2 inhibitors becoming potential drugs for breast cancer therapy.
Dynamic parallel-to-grain compressive properties of three softwoods under seismic strain rates: tests and constitutive modeling
Authors: Xie Qifang , Zhang Lipeng , Zhang Baozhuang , Yang Gaojie , Yao Jitao
Published: February 2020

Softwood is commonly used in timber structures, whose dynamic compressive properties along the grain direction under seismic rate actions are of major concern. In the present study, 108 samples were examined from three species of softwoods (spruce, Dahurian larch and pine) and subjected to four levels of strain rates (10−4 s−1, 10−3 s−1, 10−2 s−1 and 0.1 s−1) under parallel-to-grain monotonic and repeated compression. The seismic strain rate effects on softwood were investigated by observing the failure mechanisms, engineering stress-strain curves, initial crushing strength, elastic modulus and peak strain. Results demonstrated the high sensitivity of softwood to seismic strain rates. Finally, a rate-dependent constitutive model was developed to predict the stress-strain relationship (both monotonic and repeated loading cases) of softwood under different seismic strain rates.
Effect of an Educational Intervention Delivered to Senior Nursing Students to Strengthen Spiritual Care for People with Chronic Illness
Authors: Vargas-Escobar Lina María , Guarnizo-Tole Mildred
Published: February 2020

This is an experimental, quantitative, parallel design study (control and experimental groups) with pre- and post-intervention assessment without blinding, which aimed to determine the effect of an educational intervention delivered to ninety Colombian senior nursing students to strengthen perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care for people with chronic illness. The Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS) was used as the instrument of measurement. The Wilcoxon test was used for comparisons between two groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis test for the comparison of global scale scores between the intervention group and the control group. To determine the effect of the intervention, Cohen’s d statistic was used. The intervention modified the perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care in the experimental group (median = 80.2, SD = 10.2) compared with their initial perceptions (median = 70, SD = 11.2), p ≤ 0.001. The effect size (ES) of the intervention was 0.63, with a power of 0.80, indicating a moderate and acceptable effect size.
Manipulating topological valley modes in plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Proctor Matthew , Huidobro Paloma A. , Maier Stefan A. , Craster Richard V. , Makwana Mehul P.
Published: February 2020

Coupled light-matter modes supported by plasmonic metasurfaces can be combined with topological principles to yield subwavelength topological valley states of light. This study gives a systematic presentation of the topological valley states available for lattices of metallic nanoparticles (NPs): all possible lattices with hexagonal symmetry are considered as well as valley states emerging on a square lattice. Several unique effects that have yet to be explored in plasmonics are identified, such as robust guiding, filtering, and splitting of modes, as well as dual-band effects. These are demonstrated by means of scattering computations based on the coupled dipole method that encompass full electromagnetic interactions between NPs.
3D and 4D printing for optics and metaphotonics
Authors: Jeong Hoon Yeub , Lee Eunsongyi , An Soo-Chan , Lim Yeonsoo , Jun Young Chul
Published: February 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a new paradigm in customized manufacturing and allows the fabrication of complex optical components and metaphotonic structures that are difficult to realize via traditional methods. Conventional lithography techniques are usually limited to planar patterning, but 3D printing can allow the fabrication and integration of complex shapes or multiple parts along the out-of-plane direction. Additionally, 3D printing can allow printing on curved surfaces. Four-dimensional (4D) printing adds active, responsive functions to 3D-printed structures and provides new avenues for active, reconfigurable optical and microwave structures. This review introduces recent developments in 3D and 4D printing, with emphasis on topics that are interesting for the nanophotonics and metaphotonics communities. In this article, we have first discussed functional materials for 3D and 4D printing. Then, we have presented the various designs and applications of 3D and 4D printing in the optical, terahertz, and microwave domains. 3D printing can be ideal for customized, nonconventional optical components and complex metaphotonic structures. Furthermore, with various printable smart materials, 4D printing might provide a unique platform for active and reconfigurable structures. Therefore, 3D and 4D printing can introduce unprecedented opportunities in optics and metaphotonics and may have applications in freeform optics, integrated optical and optoelectronic devices, displays, optical sensors, antennas, active and tunable photonic devices, and biomedicine. Abundant new opportunities exist for exploration.
PEGylated-folic acid–modified black phosphorus quantum dots as near-infrared agents for dual-modality imaging-guided selective cancer cell destruction
Authors: Wang Jing , Liang Dong , Qu Zehua , Kislyakov Ivan M. , Kiselev Valery M. , Liu Jun
Published: February 2020

Biological systems have high transparence to 700–1100-nm near-infrared (NIR) light. Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) have high optical absorbance in this spectrum. This optical property of BPQDs integrates both diagnostic and therapeutic functions together in an all-in-one processing system in cancer theranostic approaches. In the present study, BPQDs were synthesized and functionalized by targeting moieties (PEG-NH2-FA) and were further loaded with anticancer drugs (doxorubicin) for photodynamic–photothermal–chemotherapy. The precise killing of cancer cells was achieved by linking BPQDs with folate moiety (folic acid), internalizing BPQDs inside cancer cells with folate receptors and NIR triggering, without affecting the receptor-free cells. These in vitro experiments confirm that the agent exhibited an efficient photokilling effect and a light-triggered and heat-induced drug delivery at the precise tumor sites. Furthermore, the nanoplatform has good biocompatibility and effectively obliterates tumors in nude mice, showing no noticeable damages to noncancer tissues. Importantly, this nanoplatform can inhibit tumor growth through visualized synergistic treatment and photoacoustic and photothermal imaging. The present design of versatile nanoplatforms can allow for the adjustment of nanoplatforms for good treatment efficacy and multiplexed imaging, providing an innovation for targeted tumor treatment.
Amyloid-β, tau, and the cholinergic system in Alzheimer’s disease: seeking direction in a tangle of clues
Authors: Majdi Alireza , Sadigh-Eteghad Saeed , Rahigh Aghsan Sepideh , Farajdokht Fereshteh , Vatandoust Seyed Mehdi , Namvaran Ali , Mahmoudi Javad
Published: February 2020

The link between histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), i.e. amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles, and AD-associated cognitive impairment, has long been established. However, the introduction of interactions between amyloid-beta (Aβ) as well as hyperphosphorylated tau, and the cholinergic system to the territory of descriptive neuropathology has drastically changed this field by adding the theory of synaptic neurotransmission to the toxic pas de deux in AD. Accumulating data show that a multitarget approach involving all amyloid, tau, and cholinergic hypotheses could better explain the evolution of events happening in AD. Various species of both Aβ and tau could be traced in cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain system early in the course of the disease. These molecules induce degeneration in the neurons of this system. Reciprocally, aberrant cholinergic system modulation promotes changes in amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism and tau phosphorylation, resulting in neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. Altogether, these changes may better correlate with the clinical findings and cognitive impairment detected in AD patients. Failure of several of Aβ- and tau-related therapies further highlights the need for special attention to molecules that target all of these mentioned pathologic changes. Another noteworthy fact here is that none of the popular hypotheses of AD such as amyloidopathy or tauopathy seem to be responsible for the changes observed in AD alone. Thus, the main culprit should be sought higher in the stream somewhere in APP metabolism or Wnt signaling in the cholinergic system of the basal forebrain. Future studies should target these pathological events.
The Serbian Orthodox Church’s Involvement in Carrying the Memory of the Holocaust
Authors: Hofmeisterová Karin
Published: February 2020

The Holocaust has become a globally recognized reference for suffering and has often been appropriated as a framework for (re-)understanding collective identities. This article examines the agenda of the Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC) in relation to the memory of the Holocaust in post-Milošević Serbia. It focuses on the Jasenovac Committee of the SOC and the role of its head, Bishop Jovan (Ćulibrk), in the memorialization of Staro Sajmište, a distinguished place of the Holocaust in occupied Serbia. Based on primary sources encompassing Orthodox media, official statements, and interviews with mnemonic agents in the region, the author argues that the SOC has established itself as an acknowledged actor in the remembrance of the Holocaust in Serbia and beyond. Such a position allows it to point out Serbian martyrdom as part of the Holocaust imaginary, reinforce Serbian victimhood-oriented collective identity, and capitalize on the symbolic advantages of ultimate victimhood for its own regenerative ends.
The Epidemiology, Therapeutic Patterns, Outcome, and Challenges in Managing Septic Shock in a Sub-Saharan African Intensive Care Unit: A CrossSectional Study
Authors: Mbengono Junette Arlette Metogo , Tochie Joël Noutakdie , Ntock Ferdinand Ndom , Bertrand Nzouango Yves , Kona Stephane , Ateba Glwadys Ngono , Tocko Cassandra , Colibaly Aminata , Beyiha Gérard , Minkande Jacqueline Ze
Published: February 2020

Background: Septic shock (SS) is a health priority in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is a dearth of data in this regard. Objective: This study aimed to determine the epidemiology, therapeutic patterns, outcome, and challenges in managing SS in a tertiary intensive care unit (ICU) of sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: The hospital files of 36 consecutive patients admitted to the ICU of the Douala General Hospital (DGH), Cameroon over the year 2018 were reviewed for SS. SS was diagnosed based on Sepsis-3 definition. Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment details, and outcomes of patients with SS were reviewed. Data was analyzed using the chi-square or Fisher exact tests and Bonferroni correction. Results: SS accounted for 36 (9.4%) ICU admissions. The majority of patients were males (63.9%). The most common site of infection was the lungs. The mean age, average mean arterial pressure (MAP), and mean sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score of patients were 52.9±25.2 years, 52±18 mm Hg, and 9.2 ±2.3, respectively. Noradrenaline was the sole vasopressor used. Therapeutic challenges included the inability to have a specific antibiogram before a mean duration of 7 days. The mortality rate was 39% and associated with age ≤1 year, MAP ≤ 65 mm Hg, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) ≤8, and mechanical ventilation, which were not attenuated after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion: SS is a frequent cause of ICU admission and is associated with a high mortality rate. SS mortality-related factors can be screened during SS management for more aggressive ICU management geared at preventing death.
Influence of History, Geography, and Economics on the Elimination of Malaria: A Perspective on Disease Persistence in Rural Areas of Zambia
Authors: Nawa Mukumbuta
Published: February 2020

The fight against malaria is currently ongoing in many countries where the disease is still endemic. The overall target is to eliminate malaria in all nations, regardless of their malaria burden, by 2030. Currently, the disease has been eliminated mainly in low-burden and unstable malaria areas globally. However, in high-burden countries, particularly in Africa, the disease is still not eliminated; some countries are even recording increases in incidence. This paper discusses why the disease is currently being eliminated in some countries and not in others using a historical and geo-economic perspective. It identifies gaps in the primary contemporary interventions in high endemic areas, particularly in rural constituencies where incidence of the disease is even higher. The key discussion point is that poor housing and behavioral patterns predispose rural dwellers to more malaria. Other risk factors include agricultural occupations, livestock keeping, and the fact that mosquito vectors in Africa thrive more in rural than urban areas. Combating malaria in rural African areas, therefore, requires radical transformative action to address the unique situations that currently enable the persistence of malaria beyond the contemporary, mainly indoor, and health facility-based interventions. Improving housing structures in rural Africa, which are mainly mud and thatched huts, to at least insect-proof standards is the recommended transformative action. Moreover, behavioral patterns, such as cooking outdoors in the evenings, must be modified to cooking in improvised insect-proof kitchens.
Temporal Dynamics of Memory-guided Cognitive Control and Generalization of Control via Overlapping Associative Memories
Authors: Jiang Jiefeng , Bramão Inês , Khazenzon Anna , Wang Shao-Fang , Johansson Mikael , Wagner Anthony D.
Published: February 2020

Goal-directed behavior can benefit from proactive adjustments of cognitive control that occur in anticipation of forthcoming cognitive control demands (CCD). Predictions of forthcoming CCD are thought to depend on learning and memory in two ways: First, through direct experience, associative encoding may link previously experienced CCD to its triggering item, such that subsequent encounters with the item serve to cue retrieval of (i.e., predict) the associated CCD. Second, in the absence of direct experience, pattern completion and mnemonic integration mechanisms may allow CCD to be generalized from its associated item to other items related in memory. While extant behavioral evidence documents both types of CCD prediction, the neurocognitive mechanisms giving rise to these predictions remain largely unexplored. Here, we tested two hypotheses: (1) memory-guided predictions about CCD precede control adjustments due to the actual CCD required; and (2) generalization of CCD can be accomplished through integration mechanisms that link partially overlapping CCD-item and item-item associations in memory. Supporting these hypotheses, the temporal dynamics of theta and alpha power in human electroencephalography data (n= 43, 26 females) revealed that an associative CCD effect emerges earlier than interaction effects involving actual CCD. Furthermore, generalization of CCD from one item (X) to another item (Y) was predicted by a decrease in alpha power following the presentation of the X-Y pair. These findings advance understanding of the mechanisms underlying memory-guided adjustments of cognitive control.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCognitive control adaptively regulates information processing to align with task goals. Experience-based expectations enable adjustments of control, leading to improved performance when expectations match the actual control demand required. Using EEG, we demonstrate that memory for past cognitive control demand proactively guides the allocation of cognitive control, preceding adjustments of control triggered by the demands of the present environment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that learned cognitive control demands can be generalized through mnemonic integration processes, enabling the spread of expectations about cognitive control demands to items associated in memory. We reveal that this generalization is linked to decreased alpha oscillation in medial frontal channels. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into how memory-control interactions facilitate goal-directed behavior.
Analytic vector-functions in the unit ball having bounded $\mathbf{L}$-index in joint variables
Authors: Baksa V.P.
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we consider a class of vector-functions, which are analytic in the unit ball. For this class of functions there is introduced a concept of boundedness of $\mathbf{L}$-index in joint variables, where $\mathbf{L}=(l_1,l_2): \mathbb{B}^2\to\mathbb{R}^2_+$ is a positive continuous vector-function, $\mathbb{B}^2=\{z\in\mathbb{C}^2: |z|=\sqrt{|z_1|^2+|z_2|^2}\le 1\}.$ We present necessary and sufficient conditions of boundedness of $\mathbf{L}$-index in joint variables. They describe the local behavior of the maximum modulus of every component of the vector-function or its partial derivatives.
Spectra of some algebras of entire functions of bounded type, generated by a sequence of polynomials
Authors: Halushchak S.I.
Published: February 2020

In this work, we investigate the properties of the topological algebra of entire functions of bounded type, generated by a countable set of homogeneous polynomials on a complex Banach space.

Let $X$ be a complex Banach space. We consider a subalgebra $H_{b\mathbb{P}}(X)$ of the Fréchet algebra of entire functions of bounded type $H_b(X),$ generated by a countable set of algebraically independent homogeneous polynomials $\mathbb{P}.$ We show that each term of the Taylor series expansion of entire function, which belongs to the algebra $H_{b\mathbb{P}}(X),$ is an algebraic combination of elements of $\mathbb{P}.$ We generalize the theorem for computing the radius function of a linear functional on the case of arbitrary subalgebra of the algebra $H_b(X)$ on the space $X.$ Every continuous linear multiplicative functional, acting from $H_{b\mathbb{P}}(X)$ to $\mathbb{C}$ is uniquely determined by the sequence of its values on the elements of $\mathbb{P}.$ Consequently, there is a bijection between the spectrum (the set of all continuous linear multiplicative functionals) of the algebra $H_{b\mathbb{P}}(X)$ and some set of sequences of complex numbers. We prove the upper estimate for sequences of this set. Also we show that every function that belongs to the algebra $H_{b\mathbb{P}}(X),$ where $X$ is a closed subspace of the space $\ell_{\infty}$ such that $X$ contains the space $c_{00},$ can be uniquely analytically extended to $\ell_{\infty}$ and algebras $H_{b\mathbb{P}}(X)$ and $H_{b\mathbb{P}}(\ell)$ are isometrically isomorphic. We describe the spectrum of the algebra $H_{b\mathbb{P}}(X)$ in this case for some special form of the set $\mathbb{P}.$

Results of the paper can be used for investigations of the algebra of symmetric analytic functions on Banach spaces.
Properties of solutions of a heterogeneous differential equation of the second order
Authors: Mulyava O.M. , Sheremeta M.M. , Trukhan Yu.S.
Published: February 2020

Suppose that a power series $A(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_n z^{n}$ has the radius of convergence $R[A]\in [1,+\infty]$. For a heterogeneous differential equation $$ z^2 w''+(\beta_0 z^2+\beta_1 z) w'+(\gamma_0 z^2+\gamma_1 z+\gamma_2)w=A(z) $$ with complex parameters geometrical properties of its solutions (convexity, starlikeness and close-to-convexity) in the unit disk are investigated. Two cases are considered: if $\gamma_2\neq0$ and $\gamma_2=0$. We also consider cases when parameters of the equation are real numbers. Also we prove that for a solution $f$ of this equation the radius of convergence $R[f]$ equals to $R[A]$ and the recurrent formulas for the coefficients of the power series of $f(z)$ are found. For entire solutions it is proved that the order of a solution $f$ is not less then the order of $A$ ($\varrho[f]\ge\varrho[A]$) and the estimate is sharp. The same inequality holds for generalized orders ($\varrho_{\alpha\beta}[f]\ge \varrho_{\alpha\beta}[A]$). For entire solutions of this equation the belonging to convergence classes is studied. Finally, we consider a linear differential equation of the endless order $ \sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty}\dfrac{a_n}{n!}w^{(n)}=\Phi(z), $ and study a possible growth of its solutions.
On the sum of signless Laplacian spectra of graphs
Authors: Pirzada S. , Ganie H.A. , Alghamdi A.M.
Published: February 2020

For a simple graph $G(V,E)$ with $n$ vertices, $m$ edges, vertex set $V(G)=\{v_1, v_2, \dots, v_n\}$ and edge set $E(G)=\{e_1, e_2,\dots, e_m\}$, the adjacency matrix $A=(a_{ij})$ of $G$ is a $(0, 1)$-square matrix of order $n$ whose $(i,j)$-entry is equal to 1 if $v_i$ is adjacent to $v_j$ and equal to 0, otherwise. Let $D(G)={diag}(d_1, d_2, \dots, d_n)$ be the diagonal matrix associated to $G$, where $d_i=\deg(v_i),$ for all $i\in \{1,2,\dots,n\}$. The matrices $L(G)=D(G)-A(G)$ and $Q(G)=D(G)+A(G)$ are respectively called the Laplacian and the signless Laplacian matrices and their spectra (eigenvalues) are respectively called the Laplacian spectrum ($L$-spectrum) and the signless Laplacian spectrum ($Q$-spectrum) of the graph $G$. If $0=\mu_n\leq\mu_{n-1}\leq\cdots\leq\mu_1$ are the Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$, Brouwer conjectured that the sum of $k$ largest Laplacian eigenvalues $S_{k}(G)$ satisfies $S_{k}(G)=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{k}\mu_i\leq m+{k+1 \choose 2}$ and this conjecture is still open. If $q_1,q_2, \dots, q_n$ are the signless Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$, for $1\leq k\leq n$, let $S^{+}_{k}(G)=\sum_{i=1}^{k}q_i$ be the sum of $k$ largest signless Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$. Analogous to Brouwer's conjecture, Ashraf et al. conjectured that $S^{+}_{k}(G)\leq m+{k+1 \choose 2}$, for all $1\leq k\leq n$. This conjecture has been verified in affirmative for some classes of graphs. We obtain the upper bounds for $S^{+}_{k}(G)$ in terms of the clique number $\omega$, the vertex covering number $\tau$ and the diameter of the graph $G$. Finally, we show that the conjecture holds for large families of graphs.
The nonlocal boundary value problem for one-dimensional backward Kolmogorov equation and associated semigroup
Authors: Shevchuk R.V. , Savka I.Ya. , Nytrebych Z.M.
Published: February 2020

This paper is devoted to a partial differential equation approach to the problem of construction of Feller semigroups associated with one-dimensional diffusion processes with boundary conditions in theory of stochastic processes. In this paper we investigate the boundary-value problem for a one-dimensional linear parabolic equation of the second order (backward Kolmogorov equation) in curvilinear bounded domain with one of the variants of nonlocal Feller-Wentzell boundary condition. We restrict our attention to the case when the boundary condition has only one term and it is of the integral type. The classical solution of the last problem is obtained by the boundary integral equation method with the use of the fundamental solution of backward Kolmogorov equation and the associated parabolic potentials. This solution is used to construct the Feller semigroup corresponding to such a diffusion phenomenon that a Markovian particle leaves the boundary of the domain by jumps.
A new generalization of $\alpha$-type almost-$F$-contractions and $\alpha$-type $F$-Suzuki contractions in metric spaces and their fixed point theorems
Authors: Taheri A. , Farajzadeh A.P.
Published: February 2020

In this paper a new generalization of $\alpha$-type almost-$F$-contractions and an extension of $\alpha$-type $F$-Suzuki contractions are given. Moreover, some new fixed point theorems of them are discussed. Some examples and applications in order to illustrate the main results are presented. The results of this article can be considered as improvements of some well-known results appeared in the literature.
From Drift to Draft: How Much Do Beneficial Mutations Actually Contribute to Predictions of Ohta’s Slightly Deleterious Model of Molecular Evolution?
Authors: Chen Jun , Glémin Sylvain , Lascoux Martin
Published: February 2020

Since its inception in 1973, the slightly deleterious model of molecular evolution, also known as the nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution, remains a central model to explain the main patterns of DNA polymorphism in natural populations. This is not to say that the quantitative fit to data are perfect. A recent study used polymorphism data from Drosophila melanogaster to test whether, as predicted by the nearly neutral theory, the proportion of effectively neutral mutations depends on the effective population size (Ne). It showed that a nearly neutral model simply scaling with Ne variation across the genome could not alone explain the data, but that consideration of linked positive selection improves the fit between observations and predictions. In the present article, we extended the work in two main directions. First, we confirmed the observed pattern on a set of 59 species, including high-quality genomic data from 11 animal and plant species with different mating systems and effective population sizes, hence a priori different levels of linked selection. Second, for the 11 species with high-quality genomic data we also estimated the full distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of mutations, and not solely the DFE of deleterious mutations. Both Ne and beneficial mutations contributed to the relationship between the proportion of effectively neutral mutations and local Ne across the genome. In conclusion, the predictions of the slightly deleterious model of molecular evolution hold well for species with small Ne, but for species with large Ne, the fit is improved by incorporating linked positive selection to the model.
Reconstruction of Networks with Direct and Indirect Genetic Effects
Authors: Kruijer Willem , Behrouzi Pariya , Bustos-Korts Daniela , Rodríguez-Álvarez María Xosé , Mahmoudi Seyed Mahdi , Yandell Brian , Wit Ernst , van Eeuwijk Fred A
Published: February 2020

Genetic variance of a phenotypic trait can originate from direct genetic effects, or from indirect effects, i.e., through genetic effects on other traits, affecting the trait of interest. This distinction is often of great importance, for example, when trying to improve crop yield and simultaneously control plant height. As suggested by Sewall Wright, assessing contributions of direct and indirect effects requires knowledge of (1) the presence or absence of direct genetic effects on each trait, and (2) the functional relationships between the traits. Because experimental validation of such relationships is often unfeasible, it is increasingly common to reconstruct them using causal inference methods. However, most current methods require all genetic variance to be explained by a small number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) with fixed effects. Only a few authors have considered the “missing heritability” case, where contributions of many undetectable QTL are modeled with random effects. Usually, these are treated as nuisance terms that need to be eliminated by taking residuals from a multi-trait mixed model (MTM). But fitting such an MTM is challenging, and it is impossible to infer the presence of direct genetic effects. Here, we propose an alternative strategy, where genetic effects are formally included in the graph. This has important advantages: (1) genetic effects can be directly incorporated in causal inference, implemented via our PCgen algorithm, which can analyze many more traits; and (2) we can test the existence of direct genetic effects, and improve the orientation of edges between traits. Finally, we show that reconstruction is much more accurate if individual plant or plot data are used, instead of genotypic means. We have implemented the PCgen-algorithm in the R-package pcgen.
Rainbow Connection Number on Amalgamation of General Prism Graph
Authors: Yandera Rizki Hafri , Irene Yanne , Aribowo Wisnu
Published: February 2020

AbstractLet  be a nontrivial connected graph, the rainbow-k-coloring of graph G is the mapping of c: E(G)-> {1,2,3,…,k} such that any two vertices from the graph can be connected by a rainbow path (the path with all edges of different colors). The least natural number
Partially Ordered Group of the 2×2 Symmetric Matrices
Authors: Hasanah Irmatul
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with the partially ordered group of the 2×2 symmetric matrices. A matrix is defined to be a positive if each entry of the matrix is positive. With the characterization of the 2×2 symmetric matrix, we construct the positive cone such that the set of the matrices constructs partially ordered group.Keywords: Symmetric Matrix, Group-Ordered, Positive Cone. AbstrakArtikel ini membahas grup terurut parsial pada matriks simetri berukuran 2×2. Suatu matriks dikatakan positif jika setiap entri pada matriks bernilai positif. Melalui karakteristik dari matriks simetri, akan dikonstruksi sebuah positif cone sehingga matriks simetri berukuran 2×2  merupakan grup terurut parsial.Kata kunci: Matriks Simetri, Grup Terurut, Positif Cone.
Visual Access Formed by Architecture and its Influence on Visitors' Spatial Exploration in a Museum
Authors: Li Rui , Huang Hongchun
Published: February 2020

A visitor’s experience in space is one key research topic carried out by researchers from multiple disciplines. Regarding the architecture of a museum, research has shown that it is linked to a visitor’s spatial experience in that space. These spatial experiences are relating to aspects such as a visitor’s memory of location, feeling in the space, and making sense of exhibitions. Following the suggestion that architecture influences a visitor’s spatial experiences, we introduce a study addressing the accessibility of one’s vision, named visual access, formed by the architecture and its association with visitor’s exploration pattern. Additional approaches including observation and interviews were carried out to address this question. Results show that direct visual access has a higher influence than physical distance in a visitor’s decision for initial exploration of a museum. In addition, these results are also used to address the pattern of exploration taken by visitors.
Sacramento 3,073 Miles
Authors: Hildebrandt Henry , Auffrey Christopher
Published: February 2020

Over a five-year period, photographic and experiential data was collected about signage design, placement and context along America’s iconic legacy US highways. Over 10,000 miles were traveled and more than 15,000 photographs were taken to represent the broad range of signs, placements, and contexts representing current tastes, norms and trends, but also the nearly 100-year history of highway signage as an essential form of American visual communication. This work captures the use and evolution of road signage to communicate public safety, wayfinding, and commercial messages along historic highways routes, and establishes the special importance of the specific environmental context in which the signs are situated for determining how effectively they communicate their messages. Analyses of the signage using visual attention software tools show that identical signs with identical placement will capture visual attention differently depending on the specific characteristics of the visual context.
Türkiye’de Anne Sütü Merkezi Girişimlerinin Değerlendirilmesi ve Sistem Önerisi
Authors: KABASAKAL Esma , BOZKURT Ömer
Published: February 2020

Çocuklarda sağlıklı
bir büyüme ve gelişme potansiyelinin sağlanması bebeklik dönemi beslenmesiyle
ilişkilidir. Özellikle ilk 6 ay sadece anne sütü ile beslenme 5 yaş ve daha
altı çocuklardaki hastalık yükünü %10 azaltmaktadır. Anne sütü prematüre bebek
gibi özel bakım gereksinimi olan bebekler için büyüme ve gelişmenin çok daha
ötesinde yaşama tutunmaya katkı sağlamaktadır. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık
Araştırması (TNSA-2013) raporuna göre bebeklerin %30’u ilk 6 ay yalnız anne
sütü ile beslenebilmektedir. Annede ağır enfeksiyon, ilaç kullanımı, hepatit B,
hepatit C, tüberküloz, madde kullanımı, prematüre bebek, düşük doğum ağırlığı
gibi anne ve bebeğe ait faktörler anne sütü ile beslenmeyi olumsuz
etkileyebilmektedir. Çeşitli sebeplerle bebeğin emzirilemediği durumlarda anne
sütüne erişimi sağlayacak en iyi alternatif öneri sağlıklı bir sütanne ya da
süt bağışıdır. Yurt dışı literatürdeki adıyla Süt Bankası anne sütünü tıbbi
tekniklerle toplayıp, koruyarak ihtiyaç sahibi bebeklere ulaştıran kurumlardır.
Sağlık Bakanlığı süt bankalarını Süt Anne Merkezleri şeklinde revize ederek
2012 yılında gündeme getirmiş ancak çeşitli görüş ayrılıkları nedeniyle uygulamaya
geçirememiştir. Bu makalede erişilmesi gerekenin anne sütü olduğu düşünülerek
merkezler “Anne Sütü Merkezi” olarak ifade edilmiştir. Bu merkezlerin
kurulmasında fikir ve sosyal kaygılardaki farklılıklar inanç temellidir ve
özellikle süt kardeş evlilikleri başlıca sorunlardır. Ancak merkezlerin
kurulmasında geniş veri tabanları, gerekli koşulları test eden otomasyon ve
kontrol algoritmaları ile fıkhın cevaz vermediği durumların önüne geçilerek
düzenli denetim mekanizmasının oluşturulduğu bir sistem toplumsal endişe ve
kaygıların giderilmesini sağlayabilir. Günümüz teknoloji çağında internet
siteleri aracılığıyla herhangi bir resmi kayıt, cinsiyet ayrımı, hijyen ve
diğer koşulların denetlenemediği bir anne sütü bağışı ve satışı söz konusudur.
Kamu eliyle denetim altına alınmadığı sürece meselenin toplumsal yönden çok
daha tehlikeli bir sorun oluşturacağı düşünülmektedir. Sağlık profesyonelleri merkezlerin
kurulmasında toplumun inanç ve değerlerine uygun eğitim, rehberlik, danışmanlık
ve liderlik rolleriyle toplumsal eğitim ve farkındalık çalışmalarına öncülük
yapabilecek önemli insan gücüdür. Bu makalede gerekli koşulların sağlandığı bir
sitemle merkezlerin kurulması önerilmektedir.
Pathological fractures of long bones of the skeleton in children and adolescents in benign tumors and tumor-like diseases
Authors: Snetkov A. I. , Batrakov S. Yu. , Akinshina A. D. , Gorelov V. A. , Balametov S. G.
Published: February 2020

This article provides an analysis of 82 patients for the period from 2000 to 2018 aged 5 to 18 years with pathological fractures of the long bones of the skeleton on the basis of benign tumors and tumor-like diseases. Most often, fractures were observed with a solitary bone cysts 24, an aneurysmal bone cyst 19, fibrous dysplasia 20, neosteogenic fibroma 7, Olliers disease 6, osteofibrous dysplasia 2, giant-cell tumor 3, hemangioma 1. On the basis of the Department of Pediatric Bone Pathology and Adolescent Orthopedics of N.N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics all patients underwent a comprehensive physical exams and surgical treatment. The clinical and radiological picture was studied and the features of the course of pathological fractures were revealed depending on the nosology of the tumor process. It is shown that when a pathological fracture occurs, the treatment approach should be individualized depending on the location of the focus, the patients age and nosology.
Analisis of posture in school-age children according to optical topography
Authors: Nigamadyanov N. R. , Tsykunov M. B. , Ivanova G. E. , Lukyanov V. I.
Published: February 2020

Purpose of study: the study of posture in school children in three planes according to computer optical topography. Patients and methods. A screening examination of 1835 children was performed using computer optical topography of the back, the average age was 11.21.7 years, girls 930 (50.6%), boys 905 (49.3%).

Results and conclusion. The study showed that computer optical topography is a highly effective method for screening diagnostics of posture disorders in school children, posture disorders are a common condition, according to the topographic classification of posture disorders, occur in 69.46% of school age children.
Actual features of express diagnostic of acetabular fractures. Part II. Complex fractures diagnostic algorithm
Authors: Stoyukhin S. S. , Lazarev A. F. , Gudushauri Yu. G.
Published: February 2020

Authors shows rational algorithm of choosing fracture type according to JudetLetournel classification. Case presentation is based on complex (associated) fracture types.
Clinical experience in the treatment of fragility pelvic fractures
Authors: Solod E. I. , Lazarev A. F. , Petrovskiy R. A. , Ananin A. V. , Abdulkhabirov D. A. , Alsmadi Ya. M.
Published: February 2020

Purpose of study: determine the optimal approach to the treatment of patients with pelvic fractures against a background of low bone mass.

Patients and methods. During the period from 2017 to 2018,64 patients were treated (average age 787.4 years) with fragility pelvic ring injuries. Fractures according to АО/OTA classification A2 5 (7.8%), B1 18 (28.1%), В2 28(43.7%), B3 8 (12.5%), C1 3 (4.6%), C2 2 (3.1%)). Long-term results were evaluated after 6 and 12 months, according to the Majeed scale and the Timed up go test.

Results. Intrahospital mortality was 7 (10.9%) people. The annual mortality rate was 31.2%. Results after a year were monitored in 44 patients. Good results in 40 patients,3 satisfactory,1 poor result. The previous level of activity was restored by 30 (68.1%) of 44 patients.

Conclusion. The treatment of elderly patients with pelvic fractures on the background of osteoporosis should be multidisciplinary with the appointment of postoperative rehabilitation in specialized hospitals, comprehensive treatment of osteoporosis and therapists supervision to compensate for premorbid background. The decision on the final fixation of the pelvis should take into account the nature of the fracture, the degree of its stability, the level of patient activity before and after the injury, the degree of compensation of the general condition, the severity of osteoporosis.
Peridynamic Approach to Predict Ductile and Mixed-Mode Failure
Authors: Conradie J.H. , Becker T.H. , Turner D.Z.
Published: February 2020

The peridynamic theory has been developed to address problems in solid mechanics regarding fracture through its integral non-local basis. It has been successful in predicting brittle cracking, however, uncertainty still remains with regards to mixed mode and ductile fracture. This work presents a study in using peridynamics to simulate fracture in mixed mode or ductile type fractures
Phylogenetic tree and ancestral sequence reconstruction v1
Authors: Kellom Matthew
Published: February 2020

Protocol for the alignment, tree building, and ancestral sequence reconstruction of metagenomic protein coding sequences.
Isolation of high-molecular weight (HMW) DNA from Diplonema papillatum v1
Authors: Valach Matus
Published: February 2020

A simple protocol for high-molecular weight (HMW) DNA extraction from Diplonema papillatum. The material was used to prepare a Nanopore library using a standard ligation kit (SQK-LSK109) for a subsequent Nanopore sequencing run with satisfactory results (at a ~14 Gbp throughput: read N50 ~ 40 kbp, ~2,000 reads >100 kbp, 10 reads >200 kbp). The procedure was devised based on previously published protocols by Quick (DOI: 10.17504/protocols.io.mrxc57n), Jain et al. (DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4060), and Denis et al. (DOI: 10.1038/protex.2018.076).
Enzymatic disaggregation of human myometrium for 10X Single Cell RNA-seq v1
Authors: Mas Aymara , Machado-Lopez Alba , Escorcia Patricia , Simón Carlos
Published: February 2020

This protocol describes the procedure for dissociating myometrial samples, which is based in an enzymatic disaggregation using Collagenase IV and DNAse I. This protocol is adapted from Mas et al. 2012 Fertil Steril with minor modifications.
Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) real-time RT-PCR N gene 2020 (Wuhan-N; 2019-nCoV-related test) -NOT RECOMMENDED v3
Authors: A Northill Judy , M Mackay Ian
Published: February 2020

NOT RECOMMENDED The sensitivity of the assay has been found to be lower than expected and we no longer recommend it be used. We do recommend the ORF1ab assay (Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) real-time RT-PCR ORF1ab 2020) or the E gene assay by Corman et al. (Protocol v2-1) A real-time RT-PCR to designed to detect the "novel Wuhan" betacoronavirus. Based on sequence MN908947 made available by Professor Yong-Zhen Zhang, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. The target region encodes the nucleocapsid (N). Not tested on wild-type virus (as of 25Jan2020), it is expected to be capable of detecting Wuhan virus, bat-like SARS and SARS virus. Limit of detection not yet determined. A single 1 mismatch at probe-binding site identified with the BetaCoV/USA/CA1/2020|EPI_ISL_406034 variant of 2019-nCoV (as of 29JAN2020). Probe is in the 3'-5' (reverse complement) direction. Notes: Assay is optimised (as of 24Jan2020). A final name for this virus has not been decided (as of 25Jan2020).
Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia malayi emergence assay for individual or pools of mosquitoes v3
Authors: Povelones Michael , Mccrea Abigail
Published: February 2020

This assay is for determining the number of infective third-stage (L3) larvae capable of emerging from individual mosquitoes. These are referred to as emerging L3 or eL3. This assay can be used to quantitatively measure how mosquito manipulations or filaria manipulations affect eL3. This assay can be performed on groups of individual mosquitoes in a 96-well plate, or en masse in a large petri dish. The latter format is useful for producing large numbers of eL3 for assays, such as motility, molting, transformation, or for infection of a naive host animal. In addition, since the assay can be performed on large number of input mosquitoes with little increase in effort or cost, it offers a favorable low-tech alternative to other mosquito infection diagnostic methods, such as PCR or dissection when live-caught mosquitoes are available. This protocol assumes that you are starting with a population of infected mosquitoes by a filarial nematode. We have tested the protocol with Aedes aegypti (Blackeye strain, cat number NR-48921) obtained from BEI Resources via the Filariasis Research Reagent Resource Center infected with Dirofilaria immitis and maintained at with 80% relative humidity. Emerging L3 are produced as early as day 12. The last day that we have checked is 21 days post infection, but it is very likely eL3 can be produced for the lifespan of the infected mosquitoes. We saw maximum yields at day 13 and beyond. The same Ae. aegypti strain infected with Brugia malayi was not tested with as many time points, however, we found robust and similar yields at days 12-14, but did not establish the minimum incubation time. We also tested a strain of Ae. albopictus (ATM-NJ95 strain, cat number NR-48979) following D. immitis infection and found that it also is capable of producing eL3.
Infecting and mosquitoes with Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia malayi v3
Authors: Povelones Michael , Mccrea Abigail
Published: February 2020

This protocol is for infecting Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes with the filarial nematodes Dirofilaria immitis or Brugia malayi. Although it is not necessary, it is strongly recommended to measure the number of ingested parasites, which indicates the exposure level for the mosquito and allows for better comparison between replicates. We use a post-feed treatment protocol, but if mosquito groups are treated prior to infection, then it is not just strongly recommended, but critical to measure ingested microfilariae in a group of mosquitoes immediately following the feed to confirm that treatment does not change the extent of blood feeding. Note that microfilariae are large (approximately 300 µm) and will quickly settle in blood samples. This should be considered throughout the protocol and this fact is pointed out in places in this protocol.