bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence-Powered Discovery of Small Molecules Inhibiting CTLA-4 in Cancer
Authors: Sobhani Navid , Tardiel-Cyril Dana Rae , Chai Dafei , Generali Daniele , Li Jian-Rong , Vazquez-Perez Jonathan , Lim Jing Ming , Morris Rachel , Bullock Zaniqua Nysha , Davtyan Aram , Cheng Chao , Decker William , Li Yong
Published: July 2023

Checkpoint inhibitors, which generate durable responses in many cancer patients, have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, their therapeutic efficacy is limited, and immune-related adverse events are very sever, especially for monoclonal antibody treatment directed against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), which plays a pivotal role in preventing autoimmunity and fostering anticancer immunity by interacting with the B7 proteins CD80 and CD86. Small molecules impairing the CTLA-4/CD80 interaction have been developed; however, they directly target CD80, not CTLA-4. In this study, we performed artificial intelligence (AI)-powered virtual screening of approximately ten million compounds to identify those targeting CTLA-4. We validated primary hits with biochemical, biophysical, immunological, and experimental animal assays. We then optimized lead compounds and obtained inhibitors (inhibitory concentration, 1 micromole) that disrupted the CTLA-4/CD80 interaction without degrading CTLA-4. Several compounds inhibited tumor development prophylactically and therapeutically in syngeneic and CTLA-4–humanized mice. Our findings support using AI-based frameworks to design small molecules targeting immune checkpoints for cancer therapy.
Federated Transfer Learning for Soalr Flare Forecasting
Authors: Fu Junfeng , Wan Jie , Huang Xin , Han Ke , Peng E
Published: July 2023

The critical role of solar flare forecasting in shielding space-based systems and essential infrastructures from potential hazards is universally acknowledged. Most research in solar flare forecasting predominantly utilizes machine learning techniques, primarily focusing on the development and optimization of a single, comprehensive model. This strategy, however, tends to overlook the intrinsic variability amongst individual sunspots located on the solar photosphere. Such sunspot variations, which are manifested in distinct flare progression patterns and other unique physical parameters, play a pivotal role in the forecasting process. Ignoring these nuances while training machine learning models can unintentionally compromise the precision of solar flare predictions. To mitigate this issue, we propose a methodology rooted in federated transfer learning. This approach commences with the segregation of the acquired dataset using NOAA numbers, thereby enabling the tailored training of models based on these subdivisions. Subsequently, these individually trained models are integrated into a unified ”global model”. The parameters of this global model are then redistributed to each sub-model, facilitating additional training in an iterative cycle. This iterative process culminates when the output deviations between the global and sub-models satisfy a predetermined boundary. Our proposed methodology has yielded a commendable Area Under the Curve (AUC) score of 93.6%, underscoring its superior predictive performance relative to traditional techniques. These results underscore the importance and accuracy of factoring in the regional differences of sunspots in solar flare forecasting, thereby validating the effectiveness of our federated transfer learning approach.
Transmission of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) through Bivalve Mollusk (Meretrix meretrix) and Microalgae (Chlorella spp.)
Authors: Kumar S. Satheesh , Bharathi R. Ananda , Rajan J. J.S. , Thangarasu Selvam , Balasubramanian C. P. , Alavandi S. V.
Published: July 2023

White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is the most virulent viral pathogen, which causes severe economic losses to the shrimp culture industry. The major obstacle in the control and prevention of WSSV is its broad host range and wide geographical distribution. WSSV transmission can occur via hosts in which the virus is amplified (active hosts) or through hosts in which the viral DNA just accumulates (carrier or passive host). The bivalve mollusk Meretrix meretrix is routinely used as live feed for shrimp brooders, and occasionally co-cultured with shrimp in culture ponds. Earlier study showed virus can efficiently trapped by bivalve mollusks due to their filter feeding mechanisms. The microalgae play an important role in nutrition of shrimp larval cycle. There is no proper study on WSSV accumulation and their replication in mollusks and microalgae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of bivalve mollusk (Meretrix meretrix) and microalgae (Chlorella spp) as a vector in WSSV transmission. Clams and shrimp were reared in WSSV spiked water and examined for the WSSV accumulation. Clam gill were tested negative initially for two days and become nested PCR positive after 6th day and progressed as first step positive after 8th day of introduction in to the WSSV spiked sea water. The infection of WSSV in clam were confirmed by PCR, histopathology and in-situ DNA hybridization assay. WSSV was spiked in Chlorella culture @ 1000 WSSV mL− 1 of Chlorella cells. The Chlorella WSSV mixture at different time duration from 1 to 10 days were co cultured along with protozoae and the mortality was monitored. Dead and moribund protozoae were regularly collected and screened for WSSV infection by PCR. Shrimp larval mortality was observed from day one to six days, and there was no mortality of protozoae from the seventh day to the tenth day. These results revealed that Chlorella spp can carry WSSV for six days in the condition of 1000 WSSVmL− 1 of Chlorella cells. The results of this study indicated that the bivalve mollusks may filter and accumulate WSSV from water column and might prevent horizontal transmission pathway of WSSV and microalgae could carry WSSV and infect shrimp larva. These observations may imply that clam and chlorella were potential carriers of WSSV.
Inhibin-A as a Useful Biomarker for Detecting Chromosomal Abnormalities in Prenatal Screening Programs
Authors: Momeni Kavoos
Published: July 2023

Objective
To investigate the accuracy of various biochemical markers, including inhibin-A, in detecting chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses.
Methods
This retrospective study included 52 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis due to abnormal results on prenatal screening tests. The study measured the levels of inhibin-A, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) in maternal serum.
Results
Inhibin-A was the only biomarker that showed a significant difference in mean value between the groups with normal and abnormal amniocentesis results. Specifically, inhibin-A had a significantly higher mean value in the group with abnormal results compared to the group with normal results. Inhibin-A also had the highest sensitivity and positive predictive value among all the biomarkers studied. The combined first-trimester screening test using nuchal translucency, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, and free beta-hCG had the highest specificity and negative predictive value.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that inhibin-A is a useful biomarker for detecting chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses, with a high sensitivity and positive predictive value. The findings may have important implications for prenatal screening programs, although further research is needed to confirm the usefulness of inhibin-A and other biomarkers in screening for chromosomal abnormalities.
A difference between inner Pasch and outer Pasch and outer Pasch is not independent in Tarskian Geometry
Authors: Li Dafa
Published: July 2023

Tarski originally took outer Pasch as an axiom. Later, Szmielew chose to take inner Pasch as an axiom instead of outer Pasch. Outer Pasch can be written as the form ∀[∃A→∃B]. In this paper, we can show that outer Pasch itself is equivalent to ∀[∃B→∃A], where ∃B→∃A is the converse of ∃A→∃B, without using the symmetry of the betweenness (SB) or other Tarskian axioms. And then, we show that ∀[∃A↔∃B] is a theorem. Inner Pasch can also be written as the form ∀[∃C→∃D]. But, ∀[∃D→∃C], where ∃D→∃C is the converse of ∃C→∃D, is not true. Of course, ∀[∃C↔∃D] is not a theorem. Thus, we find a property which outer Pasch axiom possesses while inner Pasch axiom does not. The property suggests a reason to prefer to take outer Pasch as an axiom to inner Pasch. In [ 4], Tarski and Givant indicated that the independence of outer Pasch axiom in FG⁽²⁾ is still an open question while by modifying FG⁽²⁾ by replacing Ax.10₁ with Ax. 10₂, then outer Pasch is independent. However, we show that outer Pasch is not independent, specially in FG⁽²⁾ or the modified FG⁽²⁾. For the independence of outer Pasch, we suggest a new version of outer Pasch.
A Meta-Analysis of Whole Blood Transcriptome Reveals Association of Increased Neutrophil Activity and T cell Suppression in Sepsis
Authors: N Shruthi T , Kolandaswamy Anbazhagan , Somanna Prabakara
Published: July 2023

Sepsis is a multi-organ dysfunction due to an uncontrolled host-response to pathogens, a leading cause of mortality in (Intensive care unit) ICUs. Currently, diagnosis of sepsis is a challenging task, due to lack of specific markers. Understanding underlying mechanism associated with sepsis is essential for marker discovery. We employed meta-analysis approach to study the key genes associated with sepsis pathogenesis and immune regulation. We considered six publically available GEO datasets and analyzed using GEO2R to identify differentially expressed genes. Significant (p-value ≤ 0.05 and log fold change ≤ -1.5 or ≥ + 1.5) common genes from six studies were subjected to network analysis and functional enrichment analysis to identify enriched GO terms, KEGG pathways and hub genes. Gene expression data resulted in 233 DEGs, 146 genes were upregulated and 87 genes were downregulated. Through network and functional enrichment analysis 20 hub genes were identified, 11 genes were upregulated, and nine genes were downregulated. The upregulated genes (CD177, MMP8, ARG1, IL18R1, RETN, LTF, S100A12, S100A8, S1000A9, MMP9 and ELANE) are associated with innate immune system and regulates neutrophil activity. Down-regulated genes (FCERIA, IL7R, CCR7, CX3CR1, CD3G, CD40LG, CD247, CD3E and GZMK) are associated with adaptive immune response, T cell function and antigen processing and presentation. Dysregulation of these genes are found to be associated with immunosuppression and increased inflammatory reaction during sepsis. These genes could be used as potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for sepsis condition.
Optimal 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis for oral microbiota to avoid the potential bias introduced by trimming length, primer, and database
Authors: Nagai Takahiko , Shiba Takahiko , Komatsu Keiji , Watanabe Takayasu , Nemoto Takashi , Maekawa Shogo , Kobayashi Ryota , Matsumura Shunsuke , Ohsugi Yujin , Katagiri Sayaka , Takeuchi Yasuo , Iwata Takanori
Published: July 2023

Background. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis is widely used to investigate the diversity and complexity of bacterial communities in the environment. However, the bacterial composition estimated from the experimental data can differ from the original composition. Such a bias occurs depending on methodological stages, including trimming length, selected amplification regions, and referenced databases. The optimal condition to minimize the bias for oral bacterial analysis remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the possible bias in 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis using three bacterial DNA samples, namely mock1 community, which comprised 15 bacteria from various environments, mock2 community, which comprised 6 major oral bacteria, and dental calculus obtained from 5 patients, along with different trimming lengths, three databases, and nine primers targeting different hypervariable regions.
Results. Mock1 community analysis results at the genus level showed the highest similarity between the data using 300 bp paired-end (PE), primer targeting V3 region, and SILVA ribosomal RNA database (SILVA) and the theoretical value obtained from the bacterial species. Mock2 community analysis with 300 bp PE showed one of the highest similarities between the theoretical value and data using the V3–V4 region with the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD) at the genus level and data using the V1–V2 region with HOMD at the species level. In the species analysis of the dental calculus samples with 300 bp PE, the Shannon index value was higher in the V1–V2 region with HOMD than that in other combinations of primers and databases. The composition of the relative bacterial abundance was more markedly influenced by the inter-individual variability in the samples than the selected amplified region and/or database.
Conclusion. The optimal conditions for analyzing oral microbiota with the most negligible bias were determined to be a combination of 300 bp PE, the primer targeting the V1–V2 region, and the HOMD database. Notably, this is the first report for such analyses of modern Japanese dental calculus. Furthermore, the methods of this study will be a guide for setting the appropriate sequence analysis conditions for each environment.
Multichromosomal Mitochondrial Genome of Punica granatum: Comparative Evolutionary Analysis and Gene Transformation from chloroplast genomes
Authors: Feng Lijuan , Wang Chuanzeng , Yang Xuemei , An Mengmeng , Yin Yanlei
Published: July 2023

Background Punica granatum is an essentially important fruit tree that has important economic, medicinal and ornamental properties. At present, there are few reports on the mitochondrial genome of pomegranate. To further understand the organization, variation, and evolution of pomegranate mitogenomes, theP. granatummitogenome was sequenced and assembled in the study. Results The genome structure was multi-chromosomes with seven circular chromosomes, measuring 382,774 bp in length with a 45.91% GC content. It contained 74 genes, including 46 protein-coding genes, 25 tRNA genes, and three rRNA genes. There were 188 pairs of dispersed repeats with lengths greater than or equal to 30, which were mainly reverse complementary repeats. The mitogenome analysis identified 114SSRs and 466 RNA editing sites. Analyses of codon usage, nucleotide diversity and gene migration from chloroplast to mitochondrial were also conducted. The collinear and comparative analysis of mitochondrial structures betweenP. granatumand its proximal species indicated thatP. granatumwas closely related toLagerstroemia indica.Phylogenetic examination based on the mitogenome also confirmed the evolutionary relationship. Conclusion The results provided the predominant information for pomegranate evolutionary biology and to promote the species germplasm utilization.
Trans-sodium crocetinate suppresses apoptotic and oxidative response following myoglobin-induced cytotoxicity in HEK-2 cells
Authors: Aminifard Tahereh , Mehri Soghra , Rahbardar Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh , Rajabian Fatemeh , Hosseinzadeh Hossein
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Rhabdomyolysis (RM) is a serious fatal syndrome. The RM leads to acute kidney injury (AKI) as a fatal complication. The belief is that the RM-induced AKI is triggered by myoglobin (MB). MB activates oxidative and apoptotic pathways.Trans-sodium crocetinate (TSC) isobtained from saffron and it has antioxidant andrenoprotective effects. This research was designed to assess the mechanisms of MB-induced cytotoxicity in HEK-2 cells (human embryonic kidney cells) as well as the possible effects of TSC against MB-induced cytotoxicity.
Methods: HEK-2 cells were exposed to diverse concentrations of TSC (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 µM) for 24 h. Then, MB (9 mg/ml) was added to the cells. After 24 h, cell viability was measured through MTT, and The values of ROS generation were calculated using DCFH-DA assay. Besides, using western blot autophagy and apoptosis markers in cells were assessed.
Results: MB decreased viability and increased ROS levels in HEK-2 cells. Furthermore, MB enhanced the apoptosis markers (cleaved caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio) and autophagy markers (LC3II/I ratio and Beclin-1) in HEK-2 cells. However, pretreatment of HEK-2 cells with TSC for 24 h reduced the cytotoxicity and ROS production caused by MB. Additionally, TSC pretreatment condensed the levels of autophagy and apoptosis markers in response to MB cytotoxicity.
Conclusion:TSC has a positive effect in preventing MB-induced cytotoxicity in HEK-2 cells by increasing antioxidant activity and regulation of apoptotic and autophagy signaling pathways.
Application a solid fuel mixture based on Bolshesyrsky lignite and birch wood waste in power plants
Authors: Zhuikov A. V. , Matyushenko A. I. , Stepanov S. G.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using a solid fuel mixture based on lignite from the Bolshesyrsky coal mine and birch wood waste in power plants, taking synergistic interactions between the mixture components into account. Simultaneous thermal analysis was used to determine the main combustion characteristics of lignite, biomass and their mixtures. Non-isothermal heating was performed at a rate of 20°C/min across the temperature range of 25–800°C under the air flow of 50 ml/min. The sample weight was about 6 mg. Proximate and elemental analyses of lignite and biomass samples were performed according to conventional methods. The advantages and disadvantages of converting power plants operated on solid fossil fuels to a solid fuel mixture of lignite and biomass are discussed. The main combustion characteristics of lignite, biomass and their mixtures were defined. The ignition temperature of the coke residue and biomass was found to comprise 365 and 299°C, respectively. The temperature of combustion completion for lignite and biomass was 551 and 464°C, respectively. In comparison with lignite, biomass burns at lower temperatures due to the high content of volatile substances. The addition of biomass to lignite was found to reduce both the ignition temperature of the coke residue and that of combustion completion. An analysis of the combustion process of volatile substances and coke residue established the presence of both positive and negative synergistic interactions between lignite and biomass particles, affecting the maximum combustion rate and the mixture reactivity. The results obtained can be applied when designing power plants operated on solid fuel mixtures of lignite and biomass.
Comparison of the blood parameters with the chemical composition of the muscle tissue of meat-and-egg chicken
Authors: Nekrasov R. V. , Bogolyubova N. V. , Zelenchenkova A. A. , Rykov R. A. , Volkova N. A. , Vetokh A. N.
Published: July 2023

Basic blood and muscle tissue parameters have been analyzed in crossbred male Russian White and Cornish hens (♂, RW x CORN, n=95, slaughtered at 63 days of age). According to BW at slaughter, males (n=95) were divided into 3 groups (group 1–1,000–1,799 g, n=31; group 2–1,800–2,099 g, n=28; group 3–2,100–2,650 g, n=36). It has been found that with an increase in the live weight at slaughter, the ratio of albumin to globulin (p=0.038), aspartate aminotransferase (p=0.003) increased in the serum of birds; the levels of globulins (p=0.05), glucose (p=0.02), Ca (p=0.006), Mg (p=0.05) decreased. With increasing BW, the crude protein content in thigh muscle decreased (p=0.019) against a trend towards increasing moisture content in thigh meat (p=0.058). Comparative assessment of biochemical blood parameters of nitrogen, carbohydrate-lipid, mineral metabolism, antioxidant protection parameters, some clinical blood parameters (hematocrit, erythrocytes and hemoglobin) and chemical composition of the breast and thigh muscle tissue has been carried out. The analysis (Pearson correlation coefficients) has revealed patterns between the concentration of some blood metabolites and the composition of muscle tissue in males. Thus, the accumulation and analysis of data on resource genetic populations is of interest for science and practice in order to establish relationships between blood parameters and the quality of chicken products, as well as to identify biomarkers for predicting poultry productivity in vivo.
Optical-spectroscopic analysis of colorimetric changes in meat during its storage
Authors: Shkabrou A. U. , Chernukha I. M. , Raznichenka V. D. , Lazovikava L. U.
Published: July 2023

The colorimetric and spectral characteristics of meat and their changes during the period of storage were researched. It was shown that spectral methods of analysis can potentially be used to assess the properties of meat during its storage in order to define the degree of autolytic changes which occur in the meat along with its histological-structural and proteomic changes. The work studies the quality characteristics of meat on the base of an array of its parameters and a correlation between them. Considerable attention is paid to the determination of colorimetric and spectral characteristics of autolytic and other changes in meat during its storage. The possibility of using the method of optical spectrometry for assessing the quality of meat is considered. The data obtained by processing the absorption spectra of aqueous extracts from muscle tissue confirm the promising prospects of using this method in a comprehensive study of the raw meat materials properties. The work proves possibility of classifying raw meat according to the degree of its autolysis for further assessment of its colorimetric characteristics, the value of extinction coefficients and the relative area of peaks at the wavelength λ415, λ525, λ542, λ555, and λ582.
Evaluating the effect of various types of disinfectants on bacterial biofilms
Authors: Yushina Yu. K. , Nasyrov N. A. , Zaiko E. V. , Grudistova M. A. , Reshchikov M. D.
Published: July 2023

Biofilm formation on equipment surfaces is a potential food safety hazard, providing increased resistance and persistence of pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in food production environments. The issue of preventing the biofilm formation is extremely important, since a wide range of disinfectants does not always provide the proper effect. The article discusses the antimicrobial effectiveness of disinfectants with various active ingredients (based on active chlorine, peracetic acid and quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) with enzymatic substances) on binary biofilms. The objects of the study were the strains of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms isolated from abiotic surfaces of food production environments and food products. Different effects of disinfectants on biofilms formed by bacteria have been established. Disinfectant based on peracetic acid and chlorine had the greatest effect on binary biofilms of Brochothrix thermosphacta/Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus equorum/Salmonella spp. The greatest antimicrobial effect on biofilm of Listeria monocytogenes 12/Pseudomonas azotoformans 6 was shown by a chlorine-based disinfectant. Disinfectants based on chlorine and QAC with enzymatic substances were most effective against the binary biofilm of L. monocytogenes 12/Salmonella spp. 14. However, none of the disinfectants had absolute antimicrobial effectiveness against the studied binary biofilms. Biofilm-forming microorganisms have shown resistance to the recommended concentrations of disinfectants. Therefore, currently, it is extremely important to revise approaches to hygiene at enterprises by finding working concentrations of new antimicrobial agents and new procedure that are effective for destroying biofilms.
Effect of chicken bone paste on the physico-chemical and functional-technological properties of pâté mass
Authors: Kabdylzhar B. K. , Kakimov A. K. , Suychinov A. K. , Gurinovich G. V. , Yessimbekov Z. S.
Published: July 2023

The article describes the development of priority directions for improving the economic efficiency of poultry farming, as well as a complex of prospective scientifically substantiated measures that ensure dynamic development of the industry in modern conditions. The technology for obtaining chicken meat-bone paste from chicken bones by fine grinding is described in this article. Experimental samples of pate masses were developed with the addition of chicken meat-bone paste from 5 to 25% instead of poultry meat in the recipe. The influence of the degree of addition of chicken meat-bone paste on the chemical composition, functional-technological and structural-mechanical properties of pâté masses was studied. The addition of chicken meat-bone paste to pâté masses leads to an increase in the ash content from 1.3% in the control sample to 2.74% in the sample with 25% meat-bone paste. With an increase in the amount of meat-bone paste, there is a tendency towards a decrease in the fat content, but the product is enriched with minerals, and its energy value increases. The trend of increasing protein content is observed. Thus, the protein content in the control sample was 16.46%, and with the addition of 25% chicken meat-bone paste, it increased to 17.11%. The water-binding capacity (WBC) index in the experimental samples with the addition of meat-bone paste increased by 11.09% compared to the control sample. The addition of chicken meat-bone paste up to 25% leads to a slight decrease in WBC. Increasing the percentage of replacement of poultry meat with chicken meat-bone paste up to 20% leads to an increase in WHC (from 69.6 to 72.6%). It has been found that the maximum values of functional-technological properties of pâté mass are achieved when adding 20% chicken meat-bone paste, further increase in the content of chicken meat-bone paste leads to the appearance of looseness in the pâté mass and a decrease in the yield during thermal processing.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE ON KNOWLEDGE OF STAFF NURSES REGARDING SELECTED OBSTESTRICAL EMERGENCIES AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN SELECTED WARDS ATSMVMCH,PUDUCHERRY
Authors:   M.Sc., Nursing - II year, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Nursing College., Savitha I. , Priyadharshini R. ,   Professor, in Nursing, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Nursing College., Muthamilselvi G. ,   Principal, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Nursing College, Kalitheerthalkuppam, Puducherry.
Published: July 2023

Background: Obstetrical emergencies are life threatening medical conditions that occur in pregnancy or during or after delivery or labor and it is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity which comprises 46% of maternal mortality in worldwide. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to quantify the level of knowledge regarding selected obstetrical emergencies and its management among staff nurses. Methods: Research design and approach: Pre-experimental (one group pre and post-test design) research design was used for the present study. The study was conducted in SMVMCH, Puducherry and sample size was 30 staff nurses who were working at SMVMCH and was selected by using convenient sampling technique. Instrument was used to assess the level of knowledge and measured by using self-structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. Results: The post assessment findings reveals that out of 30 staff nurses 21(70%) had adequate and 9(30%) had Moderate level of knowledge regarding selected obstetrical emergencies and its management among staff nurses in selected wards at SMVMCH, Puducherry. The findings reveals the mean score of 24.67+ 4.318 of the knowledge of staff nurses regarding selected obstetrical emergencies and its management and shows statistically highly significant with the p value **p<0.001. The other findings depicts that the demographic variable,designationand years of experience had shown statistically significant association between the pre assessment level of knowledge regarding selected obstetrical emergencies and its management among staff nurses with selected demographic variables. Conclusion:The researcher concluded that structured instructional module was more effective and in future this can be taken as large sample to impart the knowledge for the staff nurses.
CELL CROSS TALK IN DISEASES: THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN STEM CELLS AND SOME INFECTIOUS DISEASES, THERAPEUTIC PROSPECTS IN LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
Authors:   Department of Human Physiology, University of Jos., N.Z Galam , A.I Yusuf ,   Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Jos., F. Tsoho ,   Department of Human Physiology, University of Jos., W.R Hamza ,   Department of Human Physiology, University of Jos., P. Miri ,   Centre for Biotechnology and Genetic engineering, University of Jos., L. Dimka ,   Department of Human Physiology, University of Jos., G. James ,   Department of Human Physiology, University of Jos., Y. Usman ,   Department of Human Anatomy, University of Jos., J. Ninmol ,   Berkeley Public Health University of California, Berkeley., S.S Gomerep ,   Department of Internal Medicine University of Jos.
Published: July 2023

Particularly in low-income nations, infectious illnesses continue to be a significant global health burden. The interaction of stem cells with infectious diseases has become a fascinating field of study with bright therapeutic potential. This review article seeks to give readers an overview of how cells interact with one another in disease, with a particular focus on how stem cells interact with a few specific infectious diseases and their therapeutic potential in low-income nations. The definition and several types of stem cells are introduced at the outset of the review, with a focus on their capacity for regeneration and immunomodulation. The significance of stem cells in tissue repair and regeneration is next discussed, emphasizing their potential to lessen the damaging effects of infectious illnesses on host tissues.The article also examines the behaviour and function of stem cells as well as the direct and indirect effects of pathogens on stem cells. Examining the immune systems function in controlling the interaction between infections and stem cells helps to understand the intricate cellular cross-talk involved. The review examines the therapeutic potential of stem cell-based therapies for infectious diseases in the context of low-income nations. It addresses the potential of stem cell treatments for conditions like HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, and neglected tropical diseases while highlighting the developments and difficulties associated with applying these treatments in settings with limited resources.Overall, this review demonstrates the complex relationship between stem cells and infectious diseases and offers insights into the potential therapeutic applications of stem cell-based therapies in low-income nations. It emphasizes the requirement for additional study, teamwork, and the creation of affordable and widely available stem cell therapies to effectively combat infectious diseases and enhance healthcare outcomes in settings with limited resources.
REMDESIVIR INDUCED SINUS BRADYCARDIA IN A 53-YEAR-OLD WOMAN DURING THE TREATMENT OF COVID-19 INFECTION: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Medical Officer, Department of Internal Medicine and Intensive Care Unit (ICU), HAMS Hospital, Kathmandu., Bhandari Roshan , Paudyal Richa ,   Medical Officer, Department of Internal Medicine and Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Everest Hospital, Kathmandu., Pandey Ghanashyam ,   Medical Officer, Department of Internal Medicine and Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu.
Published: July 2023

We report a case of a 53-year-old woman with severe COVID-19 infection. On the second day of her treatment with Remdesivir and other standard therapies, sinus bradycardia was noted, requiring atropine and dopamine. Workup excluded the secondary causes. A probable diagnosis of Remdesivir-induced bradycardia was made and thus, Remdesivir was discontinued. Her condition normalized after four days of discontinuing Remdesivir. Hence, the treating physicians must be aware of the cardiac adverse effects of Remdesivir.
COMPARISON OF PRE PROCEDURAL AND REAL TIME ULTRASOUND GUIDED SPINAL ANESTHESIA FOR TRAUMATIC LOWER LIMB INJURY
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Ist Floor, O.T. Complex, S. S. Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.221005. India., Mishra Manjaree , Singh Yashpal ,   Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Ist Floor, O.T. Complex, S. S. Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.221005. India., Kumar Mathur Sharad ,   MD, Professor and Head, Department of Anesthesiology, Ist Floor, O.T. Complex, S. S. Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.221005. India., Prakash Mishra Shashi ,   MS, Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery, 2nd Floor, Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.221005. India.
Published: July 2023

Objectives:The study aimed to compare real time ultrasound-guided approach with pre procedural ultrasound-guided approach for spinal anaesthesia in trauma patients. Methods: 200 patients in two groups: group pre-procedure (PP) and group real time (RT) of 100 patients in each group using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Standard monitoring done and Spinal anesthesia was administered by a trained anesthetist. The outcome measures included the number of attempts took to access the subarachnoid space, number of skin punctures, time from first needle insertion to completion of the intrathecal injection, total procedure time, success rate of cerebrospinal fluid acquisition, failure and complications were recorded and statistical analysis was performed. A two-tailed p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Mean number of needle passes, median number of skin puncture, total time for successful lumbar puncture, the block failure rate and procedural complications were significantly less in the RT group as compared to PP group. There are widely varying reports of the failure rate of spinal anesthesia in the literature. The individual studies have reported higher success rates (97% and 100%) using real-time US guidance than with pre-procedure ultrasound (80%). Conclusion: Real-time ultrasound-guided technique is a clinically feasible, higher success rate, less time consuming and less complication rate as compared to preprocedural ultrasound guidance technique.
Reconciliação de medicamentos e potencial de dano dos erros de medicação na admissão hospitalar de pacientes pediátricos
Authors: Rodrigues Fernandes Máyra , Lira Ana Rafaela Pires , Moreno Giulyane Targino Aires , Veloso Ronara Camila de Souza Groia , Silveira Lívia Pena , Fernandes Brígida Dias , Chemello Clarice
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: Descrever o potencial impacto clínico de discrepâncias medicamentosas não intencionais a que pacientes pediátricos estão expostos na admissão hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo observacional descritivo, conduzido na unidade de pronto atendimento pediátrica de um hospital universitário, no período de abril a agosto de 2019. Foram incluídos pacientes hospitalizados por pelo menos 48 horas, com idades entre 28 dias e 12 anos. Foi realizada uma entrevista com as crianças e os seus acompanhantes e suas prescrições (domiciliares e hospitalares) foram reconciliadas. As discrepâncias encontradas foram classificadas em intencional, intencional não documentada e não intencional. A análise descritiva foi realizada para caracterizar o perfil da amostra, as discrepâncias não intencionais e o potencial de causar dano em razão dos erros envolvidos. O potencial de causar dano dos erros de medicação foi avaliado por um painel de 11 farmacêuticos especialistas. Resultados: Foram incluídos 69 pacientes, com mediana de 3 anos de idade, 55% do sexo masculino. Foram reconciliados 252 medicamentos, dos quais 53 (21%) estavam envolvidos em erro de medicação. Quase metade dos pacientes 28 (41%) teve pelo menos um erro de medicação na admissão hospitalar, com o mais prevalente sendo a omissão 24 (45%). Caso esses erros não tivessem sido detectados, 31 (58%) deles poderiam ter causado danos nocivos aos pacientes (Nível 3) e 18 (34%) exigiram um maior monitoramento ou intervenção para evitar danos (Nível 2). Conclusão: O estudo demonstra alta frequência de discrepâncias não intencionais que foram classificadas como dano potencial em pacientes pediátricos.
Solar distillation of human urine to recover non-potable water and metal phosphate mineral
Authors: Bucholtz Pippin , Steele McKenzie , Tripathi Vedika , Graham Cole , Crane Lucas , Boyer Treavor H.
Published: July 2023

Human urine is a readily available nutrient source that can complement commercial fertilizer production, which relies on finite mineral resources and global supply chains. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a simplified solar distillation process for urine to recover phosphorus (P) and nitrogen for agricultural use and water for non-potable purposes. Synthetic fresh, synthetic hydrolyzed, real fresh, and real hydrolyzed urine were exposed to direct sunlight for 6 h in a simple distillation apparatus, which produced distillation bottoms and distillate. Metal phosphate precipitation in the distillation bottoms was evaluated to recover P. The non-potable water was recovered as distillate. Hydrolyzed urine recovered more metal phosphate solid in the distillation bottoms and had a higher conductivity in the distillate than fresh urine. Hydrolyzed urine also achieved greater distillate volume recovery than fresh urine. Hydrolyzed urine had a greater presence of UV-absorbing organics in the distillate than fresh urine and therefore produced a lower-quality product water. There was no significant correlation between the daily high air temperature and the volume of distillate recovered. This study provides a comprehensive data set on simplified solar distillation of human urine considering the fate of nutrients and water for different types of urine.
La cuarta revolución industrial y la educación superior en el Perú
Authors: Anchante Arias Jim Alexander , Farfán Bravo Juan , López Romero Leidy , Otero Chunga Lucero
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo busca reflexionar sobre la problemática de la Cuarta revolución industrial en relación con la educación superior en el Perú. Para ello, primero se analiza el concepto de Educación 4.0, el cual viene difundiéndose cada vez más en la literatura científica actual. A continuación, se establece un conjunto de ideas en torno a la situación de la educación superior en nuestro país durante el contexto de la pandemia. Finalmente, se informa sobre un conjunto de actividades que algunas instituciones, tanto universidades como institutos tecnológicos, han venido desarrollando con el objetivo de difundir los alcances de 4RI en la educación peruana.
Prebiotics Modulate Gut Microbiota-mediated T-cell Immunity to Enhance the
Inhibitory Effect of Sintilimab in Lewis Lung Adenocarcinoma Model Mice
Authors: Yan Qin , Su Shitong , Dai Gangyi , He Lang
Published: July 2023

Background:

Sintilimab (Sin) helps the body to restore the anti-tumor response of T lymphocytes. However,
in clinical use, the treatment process is more complicated due to adverse effects and different dosing regimens. It is
not clear whether prebiotics (PREB) have a potentiating effect on Sin for lung adenocarcinoma, and this study intends
to investigate the inhibitory effect, safety and possible mechanism of Sin combined with PREB on lung adenocarcinoma
from animal experiments.

Methods:

Lewis lung adenocarcinoma cells were inoculated into the right axilla of mice subcutaneously to prepare the
Lewis lung cancer mouse model and treated in groups. The volume of transplanted tumors was measured, the histopathology
of the liver and kidney of mice was observed by H&E staining, the levels of ALT, AST, UREA, CREA,
WBC, RBC, and HGB in blood were analyzed biochemically; the ratio of T-cell subpopulations in blood, spleen, and
bone marrow was detected by flow cytometry, the expression of PD-L1 in tumor tissue was detected by immunofluorescence
staining, and 16S rRNA to analyze the diversity of fecal flora.

Results:

Sin inhibited tumor growth and regulated immune cell homeostasis in lung adenocarcinoma mice, but liver
and kidney histopathology showed different degrees of damage after Sin treatment, while the addition of PREB reduced
liver and kidney damage in lung adenocarcinoma mice and promoted Sin's regulation of immune cells. In addition,
the beneficial effects of Sin were associated with changes in intestinal flora diversity.

Conclusion:

The mechanism by which Sintilimab combined with prebiotics inhibits tumor volume and regulates immune
cell subpopulation balance in lung adenocarcinoma mice may be related to gut microbes.
Software Defined Networking Concepts, Applications and Wireless Communication
Authors: Abarna S. , Kumar M. Krishna , Venusamy Kanagaraj
Published: July 2023

This chapter has covered the most popular protocols, including those for Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and cellular networks. There is a rundown of what is needed to set up a basic wireless network. The literature seeks to describe the most extensively used wireless protocols and technologies. After that, an overview is presented of the advantages of wireless networks over wired systems. In addition, the chapter highlights some of the most serious security vulnerabilities that wireless networks face. There are a variety of approaches that may be employed to reduce these risks and safeguard the network's privacy and security. A thorough examination of the potential applications of wireless networks in education and training is also provided, along with proof that the improvements and affordability of wireless technology have helped the education sector.
An Advanced Study on Temperature Affected Electro-optic Properties of In0.73Al0.07Ga0.20As/InP in Fiber-optic Communications under Bi-modes
Authors: Lal Pyare
Published: July 2023

This fundamental research work has aimed to investigate an advanced study on temperature-affected electro-optic characteristics of In0.73Al0.07Ga0.20As/. In Pheterointerface nanostructure in fiber-optic communication systems underpolarizing transverse bi-modes. In this advanced computing, under the various effects of temperatures, the various energies values of C-V(Conduction-Valence),quasi-Fermi sublevels with the various values of carriers of charge (in cm-3) have been illustrated curvedly. Next, the temperature-dependent computing performances of NI(Near Infrared) material gains within the photon's wavelength and concentration values of carriers under polarizing transverse bi-modes have been investigated graphically in this chapter. In addition, temperature-influenced performances of ROFs (Relaxation Oscillation Frequencies) in Hz with various current values in Acm-2 have been computed graphically. Further, the graphical performances of peak RIC (Refractive Index Change) with various temperature values for both polarize TE & TM-modes. In the computational investigation through the results, the crest values of NI-material gain amplification have been found corresponding to two peaks at the photon's wavelengths ~ 1331 nm and 1551 nm for various effects of temperatures under TE-mode. Although, under TM-mode, the crest value of NI-material gain amplification has been found,corresponding to a single peak at the wavelength ~ 1331 nm for various effects of temperatures. The NI-emitting light of peak intensity emitted by the proposed nanoscale-heterogeneous junction-based nanostructure of wavelengths ~ 1331 nm and 1551 nm has been largely utilized in the FCs (Fiber-optic Cables) based NItelecommunications and several NI-therapies by TIM (Total Internal-reflection Method) with minimal attenuation loss of appropriate NI-signals (in dB km-1) on account of no dispersions, no scattering and no absorptions in the emerging and advanced nanotechnology, medical nanosciences and nanoscale-biotechnology.
Design of CNT Polymer Composite Based Strain Sensor to Study the Effect of Humidity and Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Ganesh E.N. , Sushita K. , Janaki N. , Shanmugasundaram N.
Published: July 2023

The high electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) has motivated their incorporation into polymers for several purposes, including electrical conductivity enhancement and sensing. Some studies have suggested that thin films of CNT/polymer composites canbeused for humidity sensing. This study focuses on the influence of humidity on the electrical conductivity of CNT modifie depoxy composite. The degree of sensitivity to the humidity of the developed composite is compared to other sensing capabilities (strain and temperature). It was found that a change in humidity from 5% relative humidity (RH) to 95% RH can cause an 80% reduction in conductivity. This significant reduction must be considered if a CNT-based strain sensor is to be developed. A gauge factor of 3.7 was obtained for CNT-epoxy strain sensor suggesting ~4% change in conductivity as a result of 1% strain. This suggests that a modest change in humidity can completely compromise the accuracy of CNT-based strain sensors.
Power Transmission in Multiple EV Using Harris Hawks Optimization-based SOC Balancing Technique
Authors: Sushita K. , Janaki N. , Shanmugasundaram N. , Krishnakumar R.
Published: July 2023

This article proposes the Wireless Power transfer technique in electric vehicle charging using the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) system. The source end of the primary coil is connected with a constant high-frequency DC-DC converter with capacitive compensation, and the secondary coil is connected with capacitive compensation in moving electric vehicles (EVs). A transformer is used to improve the input power, and a compensating capacitor is used to reduce the amount of current leakage. Here the FOPID controller is regulated using Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) Algorithm which is based on the SOC balancing technique. The analysis of the proposed topology for three different vehicles with different power classes is described in detail. The proposed system is implemented, and output performance will be analyzed in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Effect of Disc Offset Distance on Transverse and Torsional Vibration of Rotor Shaft
Authors: Jamadar Mirasaheb Moula , Samal Prasanta Kumar , Jamadar Imran M.
Published: July 2023

Vibrations play a very important role in rotor systems. In the manufacturing of the rotor system, the imbalance caused by the offset impeller and eccentricity produces unwanted vibrations. Various studies were carried out on unbalanced factors of rotor systems like eccentricity, crack, etc. But the effect of impeller offset due to manufacturing fault is not given much attention. In this study, the change in natural frequencies with respect to disc offset distance was calculated using numerical analysis and experimental analysis for the steel Jeffcott rotor system. Finite element analysis of the offset rotor shaft is carried out in the ANSYS workbench. Experimental modal analysis is carried out using the DAQ system. The accuracy of the model and the solution technique has been observed by comparing experimental results with the numerical simulation results from ANSYS. It is observed that when the disc is shifted from the center, it has a significant effect on transverse and torsional vibrational frequencies. As the disc is shifted towards bearing supports, the stiffness of the system increases, which leads to an increase in vibration frequency.