bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Determinant of Depression among Multi-Drug Resistance Tuberculosis: Study in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital
Authors: Azam Mahalul , Fibriana Arulita Ika , Indrawati Fitri , Septiani Indah
Published: April 2021

Backgrouds: Multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) adds the burden of tuberculosis (TB). Depression is a common comorbidity in TB patients. Prevalence of depression among MDR-TB patients was higher, i.e. 11-70%. Prevalence of depression among TB patients in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital was 51.9%. Previous study reported the determinants related to the depression in MDR-TB patients. This study explored the prevalence of depression in MDR-TB patients and its determinants.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted from July-August 2019. Data consisted of primary and secondary data from Dr. Kariadi General Hospital patients. Sample in this study involved 72 respondents, over 16 years old from 151 registered MDR-TB patients. Depression status was determined using Depression Anxiety Stress Scales obtained from the medical record. Subjects’ characteristics and determinants were collected from primary as well as secondary data. Descriptive data were presented in proportion. Chi-square test continued by Binary logistic regression was performed to determine the association between depression status and its determinants. A P-value
The Role of Pedometer Based Walking Exercise To Quadriceps Muscle, Quality of Life, Benefit, and Cost in Stable COPD Patient
Authors: Aviani Jatu , Suradi Suradi , Rima Ana
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds: Quadriceps muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by systemic or local inflammation, hypoxia, hypercapnia, corticosteroid use, nutritional depletion, anabolic/catabolic hormone imbalances, oxidative stress, genetic susceptibility, and decreased daily activity. Decreased quadriceps muscle strength reduces exercise capacity, physical activity, increases shortness of breath, and decreases quality of life. Exercise trainng of walking increases the quadriceps muscle strength and overcomes deconditioning. The purpose of this study was to analyze effect of pedometer-based exercise on quadriceps muscle strength, quality of life, benefits, and cost on patients with stable COPD.
Methods: A clinical study with quasi-experimental pre-post test control group design using consecutive sampling was performed in patients with stable COPD at Dr. Moewardi Hospital from September to November 2018. Subjects were divided into intervention group which were given pedometer based walking exercise for six weeks and control group with standard rehabilitation. Quadriceps muscle strength, SGRQ score, LCADL score, and cost effectiveness were measured before and after exercise.
Results: Twenty-seven of stable COPD patients were included in this study. The intervention groups showed increased quadriceps muscle strength (2,58+0,49), decreased SGRQ scores (23,39+6,60), decreased LCDAL scores (-5,69+2,18), and cost effectiveness compared to control group (P
Proportion of Mutation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Genes from Tissue Biopsy and Liquid Biopsy ctDNA in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Taufik Hendra , Soeroso Noni Novisari , Tarigan Setia Putra , Mutiara Erna
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds: In recent years, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a specific and sensitive blood-based biomarker to detect EGFR mutations. This study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ctDNA in detecting EGFR gene mutations in adenocarcinoma lung cancer.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with the subjects were adenocarcinoma lung cancer patients from histopathology or cytology examination and examined EGFR mutations from plasma tissue biopsy and ctDNA specimens from April 2018 to February 2019 in several hospitals in the Medan City.
Results: There were 100 data have been collected, with male were 71 subjects and female were 29 subjects. Found 20 mutations, single mutations of tissue biopsy were 19 cases, del exon 19 were 12 cases, mutation in exon 21 (L858R) were 6 cases, mutation exon 21 (L861Q) was 1 case, del exon 19 and 21 (L861Q double mutations) was 1 case. From plasma ctDNA examination EGFR mutations were found 15 cases, del exon 19 were 12 cases and del exon 21 (L858R) were 3 cases.
Conclusions: The highest proportion of EGFR mutations by sex were women from tissue biopsy or ctDNA, the most often frequency of EGFR mutations from tissue biopsy and ctDNA in single mutations and exons19. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(3): 150-5)
Sensitivity Comparison of Pleural Fluid and Serum Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) Values in Exudative Pleural Effusion Patients
Authors: Barata Indra , Amir Zainuddin , Siagian Parluhutan , Eyanoer Putri C , Lubis Zulfikar
Published: April 2021

Background: Delay in diagnosis and non-compliance to tuberculosis (TB) treatment will increase the risk of MDR TB. WHO recommends GeneXpert as a diagnostic tool, however, the availability is still an obstacle and this tool is not owned by many health facilities. The Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) value was thought to be used to estimate the likelihood of TB cases. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity comparison of pleural fluid and serum NLR values in patients with pleural effusion at H. Adam Malik Medan General Hospital.
Methods: This was an analytical study with a diagnostic test design, by calculating the sensitivity and specificity of pleural fluid and serum NLR. The sample was calculated by comparing the absolute neutrophil count and the absolute lymphocyte count from both pleural fluid and serum.
Results: The sample of this study was 78 patients. In this study, pleural fluid NLR with a cut off value of 2.2 showed a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 28%, whereas serum NLR with a cut off value of 7.0 produced a sensitivity of 53% and specificity of 68%.
Conclusion: The sensitivity of pleural fluid NLR was greater than that of serum, while the specificity of serum NLR was more superior than that of pleural fluid.
The Comparison Between Risk Factors of Invasive Candidiasis and 1,3-β-D-Glucan in Septic Pneumonia
Authors: Agustina Dwi Rosa Eka , Setyawan Ungky Agus , Sartono Teguh Rahayu
Published: April 2021

Background: Invasive candidiasis (IC) occurs in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. It represents the 4th bloodstream infection in the ICU. Selection of patient characteristics based on risk factors in the 1,3-β-D-Glucan (BDG) examination provided a learning value in IC screening. The aim of this study was to assess the comparison of risk factors for IC and BDG levels using a cut off value of ≥80 pg/dl.
Method: this cross-sectional study was conducted in 40 patients with septic pneumonia in ICU who had the risk factors of IC (multifocal colonization, broad-spectrum antibiotics, long term use of corticosteroids, and lymphocyte status) at Saiful Anwar Malang General Hospital.
Results: There were 40 patients with risk factors of IC had positive BDG, but only 1 patient (2,5%) had candidemia and 14 patients (35%) had Candida sp from sputum culture. Comparison of BDG levels between group which used broad-spectrum antibiotics and those that did not wassignificant (P=0.020). Rank Spearman linear regression of the lymphocyte
Effect of Lower Extremity Exercise on The Borg Scale in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Hanafiah Ghamal Arif , Tarigan Amira P , Pandia Pandiaman , Eyanoer Putri C
Published: April 2021

COPD patients tend to experience complaints shortness of breath, limb muscle fatigue and distress in an effort in activities that result in a decrease in quality of life and inhibit daily activities. This situation will eventually cause the patients to experience fatigue faster and fall into a deconditioning state. The Borg scale is a way to measure the intensity level of physical activity using a ratio scale size. This study aimed to assess the effect of lower limb endurance training on the Borg Scale of COPD patients.
A quasi-experimental study conducted on 20 patients with COPD group C and D which underwent lower extremity resistance training. The Borg scale was assessed before and after training, with statistical analysis performed by the Mann Whitney-Test.
There was an effect on lower extremity resistance training on the Borg Scale of COPD patients in the form of a significant decrease in the Borg Scale value where in the effort parameters. Before training, the Borg Scale score of COPD patients was 9 and 15, decreased to 1 and 13 after training. While tired feet, before training was 5 which decreases to 3 after training and shortness of breath, before training is 7 which decreases to 4 after training.
There is a significant improvement in the value of the Borg Scale of COPD patients after undergoing a lower limb endurance training program. There were no significant Borg scale differences between Group C and Group D after undergoing a lower limb endurance training program.
Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients in Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang
Authors: Magdalena Magdalena , Sugiri Yani Jane , Tantular Rezki , Listyoko Aditya
Published: April 2021

Background: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) emerge as a new global health crisis. COVID-19 has a wide range of clinical feature, from mild cough to severe respiratory failure. This study aims to learn more about clinical feature of COVID-19. Methods: This cross sectional analytic descriptive study includes all COVID-19 patients that yield positive result through GeneXpert-SARS-CoV-2 or Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). All data was taken from inpatient form March 12th –June 30th 2020. Results: There were 103 patients with 58 men and 45 women. Patients with male sex tend to experience severe pneumonia than women. It was also found that patients exposed to cigarette smoke tended to experience severe pneumonia symptoms. Patients with more than 1 comorbid tend to develop severe pneumonia symptoms. The dominant clinical symptoms in the patient were cough (84.5%), fever / history of fever (70.9%), and shortness of breath (67.9%). Hematological parameters that correlate with the degree of severity are leucocytes, thrombocyts, lymphocytes, neutrophils, CRP, LDH, creatinine, procalcitonin, SGOT, and SOFA Score. The most common radiological picture obtained was bilateral infiltrate (78.2%). The most common complication was sepsis (38.9%). The mortality rate for COVID-19 patients treated at RSSA tends to be high (26.2%). Discussion: clinical characteristics such as gender, smoking history, comorbides, clinical symptoms (fever, shortness of breath and cough), laboratory (leukocytes, % lymphocytes, % neutrophils and neutrophil counts, CRP, LDH, procalcitonin, creatinine, SGOT, and SOFA scores) has a significant effect on the severity of Covid infection 19 Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients affects the severity of the disease.
The Depiction of Lung Function and Fractional-Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) among Asthmatic Outpatients: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Azhary Mulkan , Ratnawati Ratnawati , Antariksa Budhi
Published: April 2021

Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease manifested by airway inflammation and wheezing, dyspnea, breathlessness and cough which are varied in intensity and time accompanied with variably restricted expiratory airflow. Asthma patients experienced decreased lung function that occured during asthma attack accompanied by increased levels of fractional-exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) caused by the pathophysiological process of asthma and the resulting ventilation problems. The study aimed to reveal the depiction of lung function using spirometry dan FeNO level among asthmatic outpatients. Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 13 uncontrolled-moderate persistent asthmatic outpatients at Asthma Clinic of Persahabatan General Hospital during October 2019 – March2020. The involved respondents had to undergo the spirometry test and the measurement of FeNO level. Results: The uncontrolled-moderate persistent asthmatic patients were dominated by female with mean age of 48.38+12.494 years old. The mean predicted FEV1 was 70.38+20.230% of whom 61.54% patients showed moderate obstruction. The mean FEV1/FVC ratio was 72.85+12.681% of whom 53.85% patients showed obstruction inFEV1/FVC ratio. The mean FeNO level was 29.62+9.152 ppb of whom 76.92% patients had FeNO level ranging 25-50 ppb. Conclusion: The moderate persistent asthmatic patients showed a decreased lung function with reduction of FEV1, obstructive FEV1/FVC ratio as well as increasing FeNO level.
Comparison Between The Effect of Clove, Filter and Biomass Cigarette Smoke to The Lung Function of COPD Patients at Harum Melati Pringsewu Clinic Lampung Province, Period January 2013-January 2020
Authors: Soemarwoto Retno Ariza S , Rusmini Hetti , Sinaga Fransisca , Susanto Agus Dwi , Widiyantoro Arif
Published: April 2021

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common disease characterized by respiratory symptoms and limited air flow associated with the airways and/or alveolar abnormalities triggered by a significant effect on substances or gases. COPD is the leading of death cause in the world. COPD can be caused by cigarette smoke and biomass.
Method: This research is aquantitative method with descriptive analytic and retrospective approach. The samples were 203 COPD patients taken from medical records January 2013-January 2020 at Harum Melati Pringsewu Clinic Lampung Province with statistical test use Analysis Varians (ANOVA) technique.
Results: From the characteristics based on type of COPD smoke exposure were clove smokers 127 people (62.6%), filter smokers 3 people (1.5%) and biomass users 73 people (36.0%). The mean lung function COPD patients based on type of smoke exposure were 127 people with clove smokers with average lung function value 55.03%, the lowest value 12.20% and the highest 121.50%. Filter smokers of 3 people with average lung function value 75.07%, the lowest value was 67.00% and the highest 81.41%. Biomass users 73 people with average lung function value 56.91%, the lowest value 19.50% and the highest 149.13%. Comparison the effect clove cigarettes smoke, filter cigarettes and biomass on the pulmonary function of COPD patients obtained P=0.319.
Conclusion: There is a decrease lung function in clove smokers, filter smokers and biomass users in COPD patients but not statistically significant difference.
Differences of Interleukin-6 Serum Levels in Lung Cancer Patients and Healthy Individuals in Medan
Authors: Siagian Dumasari , Soeroso Noni Novisari , Sinaga Bintang Yinke Magdalena , Eyanoer Putri C
Published: April 2021

Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the development of lung cancer. However, the association of IL-6 in lung cancer patients remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to analyze the difference of IL-6 serum levels in lung cancer patients and healthy individuals in Medan. Methods: This was a case-control study that included 42 lung cancer patients (case) and 42 healthy individuals (control) which was held in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. The examinations of IL-6 serum levels were conducted for all subjects using ELISA method. Differences of IL-6 serum levels in lung cancer patients and healthy individuals were analyzed using Spearman Correlation test. Results: The mean serum IL-6 levels in lung cancer patients was 45.99 pg/ml while in healthy individuals was 6.24 pg/ml. There was a significant difference of serum IL-6 levels in the lung cancer group compared to healthy individuals (P=0.0005;r=0.854). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference of IL-6 serum levels between lung cancer patients and healthy individuals.
The Compability Level of Tuberculin Skin Test and T-SPOT.TB, Sensitivity and Spesifisity of T-SPOT.TB in Detecting Latent Tuberculosis in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Setyawati Astuti , Reviono Reviono , Putranto Wachid
Published: April 2021

Background: Controling Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) is important for the End TB Strategy program. The prevalence of LTBI and reactivation to active tuberculosis are increased in immunodeficiency conditions, such on hemodialialysis patients. Laten tuberculosis can be diagnosted by Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and immunoglobulin release assay (IGRA). This diagnostic study aimed to determine the agreement level of TST and T-SPOT.TB, accurancy of T-SPOT.TB, and the correlation between T cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) cell counts with TST and T-SPOT.TB. Methods: This is a cross sectional study design was performed in hemodialysis patients of Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital in May 2018. The study subject had TST and T-SPOT.TB examinations by using 2 Tuberkulin Unit (TU) of intradermal purified protein derivate (PPD) RT 23 (Biofarma, Bandung) and venous blood ELISPOT analysis, respectively. Statistical analysis used windows SPSS 21. Results: There were 30 study subjects. The prevalence of LTBI was 23.3%. The agreement level of TST and T-SPOT.TB was substantial (K=0.667;P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of T-SPOT.TB were 66.7% and 95.8%, respectively. There were no significant correlation of CD4+ T cell counts with TST (R=0,253;P=0,177), T-SPOT.TB ESAT-6SFUs (R=-0.169;P=0.317), T-SPOT.TB CFP-10 SFUs (R=0.006;P=0.975), and the highest value of T-SPOT.TB ESAT-6/CFP-10 SFUs, (R=-0.070;P=0.741). Conclusion: The prevalence of LTBI is high in hemodialysis patients, thus early detection is necessary. TST examination is recommended for LTBI diagnostic tool in hemodialysis patients because of its practical use, inexpensive, and does not require skilled personnel.
Lung Function and Respiratory Symptoms of Petrol Station Attendants in Central and North Jakarta and Its Contributing Factors
Authors: Ramadhany Putri Suci , Yunus Faisal , Susanto Agus Dwi
Published: April 2021

Background: To satisfy growing needs of petrol consumption in big city many new petrol stations has been built. Petrol station attendant is considered to have high risk exposure to dangerous pollutant from motor vehicle emission and petrol fumes, especially while filling up petrol tanks. Combination of those exhaust and petrol fumes is suspected to cause the reduction of lung function.

Methods: This research is a cross sectional study in petrol station in Central Jakarta and North Jakarta region between August 2017 and February 2018. A total of 97 petrol station attendants were taken in this research using consecutive sampling technique. The subjects were interviewed with questionnaires, spirometry and chest radiograph. Measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), particulate matter 2,5 (PM 2,5) and steam gasoline (benzene) concentrations were performed at the study sites.

Results: In this study, 56.7% normal spirometry results, 42.3% abnormalities in the form of restriction, 1% obstruction and none of which experienced mixed disorders of restriction and obstruction. Most subjects (84.6%) did not experience respiratory complaints, 10.3% had a dry cough and 5.1% complained of cough with phlegm. There was a statistically significant association between peak expiratory flow and duration of work (p=0.011), but no significant association with other parameters such as forced vital capacity (FVC), %FVC, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), %FEV1 and the ratio of FEV1/FVC.

Conclusion: Prevalence of lung function abnormalities of petrol station attendant is 43,3% and respiratory symptoms at 15,4% subject.
Elecciones, imágenes y candidatos
Authors: Vicente Castro Martha
Published: April 2021

Las campañas electorales han resultado ser siempre coyunturas muy valiosas para analizar la comunicación política -entendida como el intercambio de discursos que los distintos actores electorales realizan a través del lenguaje verbal- y que, hoy en día, al pasar por los medios de comunicación masiva, hacen del lenguaje visual un lenguaje discursivo muy importante.
El aparato de gobierno y justicia indiano a partir de las reformas ovandinas
Authors: Diego-Fernández Sotelo Rafael
Published: April 2021

Tres son los momentos constitutivos del gobierno indiano desde finales del siglo XV al XVI. En una primera instancia, bajo la tutela de los Reyes Católicos, se fijan sólidamente los pilares políticos del edificio indiano a partir de las bulas papales, los tratados internacionales entre Castilla y Portugal, y las capitulaciones de descubrimiento, conquista y colonización; en una segunda etapa, con la creación del Consejo de Indias por Carlos V, en 1524, se fundan la mayor parte de las Reales Audiencias indianas, que serán la base de la división político-territorial del Nuevo Mundo; finalmente, Felipe II encomendará a Juan de Ovando la visita al Consejo de Indias en 1568, que luego presidirá entre 1571 y 1575, cuando se termina de constituir el aparato de gobierno indiano que se mantendrá hasta que la dupla de Carlos III y José de Gálvez introduzcan las llamadas reformas borbónicas.
Presentación: Etnicidad en el Antiguo Régimen
Authors: Allpanchis Revista
Published: April 2021

El contexto historiográfico del bicentenario de las independencias hispanoamericanas ha orientado la mirada de los historiadores al panorama político-cultural del denominado Antiguo Régimen, término utilizado por los revolucionarios franceses para referirse al orden social enteramente diferente al sistema republicano, edificado de forma racionalmente utópica sobre los principios liberales. En efecto, la construcción del Estado-nación supuso un radical cambio de las formas políticas y de los supuestos culturales sobre los que se había edificado un orden político de tres siglos, con representaciones e imaginarios fuertes y duraderos que legitimaban una monarquía católica, un cuerpo jurídico compuesto por leyes civiles y canónicas, y un concepto de justicia que presuponía el reconocimiento de diferencias étnicas y estamentales para ejercer justicia según el estado y condición de cada uno.
La cosmovisión intelectual del Perú virreinal previo a la Independencia
Authors: Vargas Ezquerra Juan Ignacio
Published: April 2021

El virrey de la época optó por una política de conciliación y acercamiento a las élites americanas, especialmente a los intereses ya concedidos por la política borbónica del siglo XVIII. Su política en el Perú no fue innovadora ni mucho menos abrupta, sino continuadora de un proceso de acercamiento —que ya había comenzado— entre el gobierno virreinal y las élites limeñas. La habilidad política del español le permitió sobrevivir en una situación potencialmente peligrosa, en la cual la élite limeña, sinuosa e intrigante como siempre, estaba buscando maneras de promover sus propios intereses.  Pero el reflujo de ideas también se produjo en los claustros universitarios de San Marcos y San Antonio, sitos en las dos principales ciudades peruanas, Lima y Cusco, en los que tan pronto debatían escolásticos y novatores como se leían clandestinamente obras de L'Encyclopèdie bajo la constante mirada, entre condescendiente y atenta, del virrey del Perú.
Con más nobleza que la que ha tenido el orbe entero: La vindicatio indianorum de Ventura Travada (c. 1752) y el tópico del «racismo colonial» en el Perú
Authors: Sánchez Martínez César Félix
Published: April 2021

Reducir la complejidad de la subjetividad andina del periodo virreinal a las muchas veces anacrónicas categorías de constructos ideológicos modernos puede ser una tentación constante en los ámbitos académicos y mediáticos de reflexión sobre el Perú. En este artículo indagaremos sobre esta complejidad y sobre la validez y consistencia del tópico del supuesto «racismo colonial» de la mano, preferentemente, de un  letrado virreinal de provincias, el padre Buenaventura Fernández de Córdoba y Peredo (1695-1758), párroco de pueblos de indios en la diócesis de Arequipa, más conocido por su nombre de pluma Ventura Travada, autor de El Suelo de Arequipa convertido en Cielo (c.1752).
Del oficio de fotógrafo a la obra trascendente. Martín Chambi en Cusco
Authors: Garay Albújar Andrés
Published: April 2021

La obra fotográfica de Martín Chambi ha provocado voces de todo tipo siempre, tanto en su vida profesional, como en tiempos recientes. Es el fotógrafo peruano sobre el cual se ha dicho y escrito más tanto en el país como en el extranjero, pero lo paradójico es que no hay un consenso para un entendimiento básico de su obra. Y tal vez eso nunca sucederá. Hay quienes consideran su trabajo como un simple oficio, nada trascendente; mientras otras lo reinventan al nivel de obra surrealista. Solo en una aproximación a la historia de un fotógrafo, al contexto donde trabajó, a sus intenciones en el uso de sus imágnes, y a sus prácticas fotográficas, y considerando lo que él miso dijera, se puede llegar a comprender adecuadamente el valor de sus imágenes. Por ser la imagen fotográfica polisémica y proteica, y teniendo en cuenta la complejidad del acervo de Chambi, por la forma y contenido, es importante insistir en un acercamiento al tipo de fotografías que él desarrolló para comprenderlo como autor de imágenes, más allá de la funcionalidad artística y comercial que la obra pudo haber tenido en su momento. Este ensayo procura ubicar en la historia de la fotografía del Cusco y sur andino esas prácticas y usos fotográficos desarrollados por Martin Chambi: en el plano de la fotografía profesional veremos retratos artísticos en estudio, los encargos que se le solicitaron, la actividad que tuvo con medios de comunicación impresos, su fotografía documental, y exposiciones fotográficas.
Testamentos escritos por bilingües en el valle de Jauja (Perú, siglo XVII)
Authors: Kolbinger Ulrike
Published: April 2021

Este artículo propone un análisis pragmático-discursivo de testamentos procedentes del valle de Jauja (Perú) del siglo XVII, los cuales se consideran manifestaciones del saber lingüístico y textual de sus redactores. En estos testamentos se pueden rastrear fenómenos lingüísticos y textuales que resultan del contacto de lenguas español-quechua. Por lo tanto, se puede deducir que los testamentos analizados fueron redactados por bilingües. El artículo contribuye a la investigación del papel de escribanos y escribientes indígenas en el siglo XVII en los Andes centrales del Perú.
La producción textual en español en la América colonial: reflexiones en torno a la «información» y la «autoría»
Authors: Oesterreicher (+) Wulf
Published: April 2021

De modo selectivo y ejemplar, el artículo presenta una aproximación a la producción textual en español durante el periodo colonial americano. Las reflexiones ofrecidas ponen de relieve el interés y la complejidad de la extensa pluralidad textual aludida desde la consideración de la «información» y la «autoría».
La ciudad de San Miguel en su paisaje histórico
Authors: Vela Cossío Fernando
Published: April 2021

La ciudad de San Miguel constituye la primera fundación española en el Pacífico Sur. Su primer emplazamiento data del año 1532 y fue conocido como San Miguel de Tangarará. De aquí será trasladada enseguida a un segundo asentamiento, en el Alto Piura, donde se convirtió, entre 1534 y 1580, en un núcleo urbano de cierta relevancia, en el que se pudo ensayar una planificación urbana completa en torno a una gran plaza de armas de unos 10 000 metros cuadrados de superficie. En esta investigación presentamos los resultados del estudio referente a la ciudad de San Miguel en su paisaje histórico.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan bagi Penerima Bantuan Komite Sekolah Menggunakan Metode Topsis
Authors: Mardayatmi Suci , Defit Sarjon , Nurcahyo Gunadi Widi
Published: April 2021

Vocational High School Number 3 Mukomuko was the school that has given assistance for the learners. It was by exempting learners from paying committee charge monthly, it called Bantuan Komite Sekolah (BKS). In order to give motivation for the learners who was unfortunate to keep staying at the school, so it can make the learners to keep going on teaching and learning process (KBM). This research used Topsis method by collecting data for the prospective scholarship learners as many as 20 learners by categorizes were parents’ revenue, the total numbers of duties, the distance of residence, the average score of report and the condition of living environment. The result of try out from 20 learners who was obtain BKS by using Topsis Method showed that there were 18 learners who were significant to obtain scholarship by validity score was 90%. It was be a sample, before Topsis Method was used and the data was reliable after using Topsis Method. The development of supporting decision application system used Topsis Method that was getting in more accurated qualification. Futhermore, this system can help the school in constructing decisions to get the result be more advantageous in determining for the next BKS recipients.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of the Liver: Evolution of the World Experts Opinions from 2012 to 2020
Authors: Borsukov A. V.
Published: April 2021

The article considers two publications 2012 and 2020 of expert groups of the World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) and European Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB), which provides clinical recommendations for contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination of the liver.

These recommendations are considered from the perspective of the change vector in the expert opinions. The analysis of the scientific substantiation of the differences in ultrasound semiotics of liver pathology depending on contrast phases in the format of evidence-based medicine is made.
Analysis of the Density Characteristics of Giant Cell Bone Tumors Treated with Denosumab According to CT Findings
Authors: Tabakaev S. A. , Frolova I. G. , Anisenya I. I. , Slonimskaya E. M. , Vasilyev N. V. , Grigoriev E. G. , Sitnikov P. K.
Published: April 2021

Background: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a relatively common benign bone tumor, accounting for 4–9.5 % of all primary bone neoplasms. Localization of GCTB is one of the most important differential diagnostic criteria, since the tumor affects certain parts of the skeleton. Until now, surgical treatment was considered the method of choice in the treatment of GCTB. However, in recent years, denosumab, a genetically engineered drug, has been widely used to treat this tumor. Denosumab treatment of GCTB prevents further tumor progression and reduces tumor size. Histological examination of the surgical specimen is undoubtedly the most objective method for assessing the effectiveness of the treatment. However, it is sometimes necessary to get information regarding the effectiveness of conservative therapy.

Purpose: To analyze the density characteristics of denosumab-treated GCTB using CT densitometry.

Material and methods: The study included 15 patients aged 28–59 years with histologically verified giantcell tumor, who received denosumab treatment followed by surgery. Tumor structure was assessed before starting denosumab therapy, after 3 and 6 courses of denosumab therapy.

Results: Changes in the density parameters (the mean tumor density, standard deviation of density, increase in the median tumor density and standard deviation of density, index of the relative density of the tumor) measured by CT images were analyzed. These changes were statistically significant in GCTB patients before initiating therapy with denosumab, and after 3 and 6 courses of denosumab therapy.

Conclusion: Thus, CT densitometry is a useful tool for assessing the density characteristics of the tumor in GCS patients treated denosumab.
Intermediate Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Classifications: the Review
Authors: Khaitsman D. M. , Pogrebnyakov I. V. , Virshke E. R. , Trofimov I. A. , Frantsev D. Yu. , Dzhanyan I. A. , Breder V. V. , Dolgushin B. I.
Published: April 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the approaches to treatmentdiffer due to the stage of the disease. According to BCLC classification, B stage patients are recommendedto be underwent transarterial chemoembolization. However, BCLC B integrates patients with differentintrahepatic tumor burden and with different liver deterioration. There are many staging classifications thatdetermine the treatment and survival rates due to heterogeneity of this patient cohort. The aim of this studyis to review the existing ones and to describe their prognostic value.
Analysis of Key Radiographic Characteristics of Early Invasive Breast Cancer, Stages T₁ₐ₋bN₀M₀ and DCIS
Authors: Alieva G. S. , Korzhenkova G. P. , Kolyadina I. V.
Published: April 2021

Relevance: The systematization of radiological signs of microcarcinomas will increase the frequency of detection of the disease at an early stage and maximize the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment.

Purpose: To assess the key radiological characteristics of early forms of breast cancer (invasive tumors up to 1.0 cm and ductal carcinoma in situ).

Material and methods: The key radiological characteristics were studied in 110 patients with verified early forms of breast cancer: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive breast cancer up to 1 cm in size according to the morphological examination of the surgical material in the absence of signs of regional and distant metastasis — stage p T₁ₐ₋bN₀M₀.

Results: The main radiological signs detected in mammography (MG) in early breast cancer were the nodular mass without microcalcifications — in 26 cases (23.9 %), the nodule and microcalcifications — in 35 cases (32.1 %), in 27 patients (24.8 %) — microcalcifications without a tumor node. In addition, in 17 cases (15.6 %) there was a violation of the architectonics or focal asymmetry, and in 4 patients (3.7 %) no signs of a malignant process were revealed at all with MG. The revealed changes in the breast in most patients (83 cases, 76.1 %) were interpreted as BIRADS 5, which indicates an extremely high probability of the presence of a malignant neoplasm. In 9 cases (8.3 %) after mammography, the diagnosis was interpreted as BIRADS 4, in 16 (14.7 %) cases the category BIRADS 0 was assigned, which required additional examination methods, and only in 1 patient (0.9 %) the revealed changes were interpreted as benign.

Conclusions: Mammography performed in 92 patients (84.4 %), based on the assessment of radiological signs, to establish the BIRADS 4/5 category, which served as the basis for performing a biopsy and verifying the diagnosis. However, in 15 % there were diagnostic difficulties in interpreting the data, which confirms the data of the world literature on the complexity of the differential diagnosis of microcarcinomas.
Effect of the Criminal Law on Military Personnel Who Committed Crimes outside the Russian Federation
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Kazarinov I. А.
Published: April 2021

The effect of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on military units stationed outside the Russian Federation is regulated by part 2 of article 12 of the Criminal Code, the interpretation and application of which causes a number of significant theoretical and applied problems. Based on the analysis of normative acts, international treaties and literary sources the article reveals the model of international legal regulation of responsibility of Russian soldiers; the reis a motion on the harmonization of the international norms which define the conditions of criminal jurisdiction of the Russian Federation in the military; certain private issues ofa pplication of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in a situation when a military person commits a crime outside the Russian Federation are resolved.
Ensuring Human Rights in Criminal Proceedings in the Context of a Pandemic
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Kachalova O. V.
Published: April 2021

The coronavirus pandemic has put a number of legal issues on the agenda of the world community – how to ensure the rule of law in the face of the need to save the lives and health of many people, how to achieve a reasonable balance in the ratio of various human rights in a pandemic situation, how to determine the criteria for proportionality of restrictions on essential human rights. The criminal justice authorities and courts have a serious task to ensure human rights, achieve the effectiveness of criminal proceedings and access to justice in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, on the one hand, and take the necessary measures to ensure the safety of persons involved in criminal proceedings, including their own, from the threat of COVID-19 infection, on the other. Measures that restrict human rights in the context of a pandemic must be implemented in accordance with the principles of the rule of law, respect for human rights, the rule of law, legal certainty and proportionality. Proportionality can be established by determining a reasonable balance of private and public interests in each particular situation, through an assessment of the affected interests in terms of their significance. In General terms, the rights and freedoms that provide the most significant benefits are given priority. The criteria for determining a reasonable balance between private and public interests and for resolving an emerging conflict of human rights are determined taking into account the immediate circumstances of the case (the epidemiological situation, the state of health of participants in the process, the urgency and significance of the proceedings for participants in criminal proceedings and the interests of justice, the ability to ensure the necessary sanitary and epidemiological requirements). The coronavirus pandemic has put on the agenda the issue of creating a strategy for the transformation of criminal justice institutions in emergency situations, when the normal mode of criminal proceedings is impossible due to objective reasons.
Legal Regimes of Restricted Access Information in Court Proceedings
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Kovalenko A. O.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the work: improving the scientific and methodological base of the theory of legal solutions of information resources Methods: information-legal and system analysis, modeling and functional-logical classification. Conclusion: the developed Legal Protocol of placing the judicial acts on the official website in the network Internet in the district court; improved productive classification of the secrecy of the proceedings; consider information and legal regimes put in-place the necessary information on the private life of involved in the case of individuals, details about the implementation of state protection, for the judgments was the place to be at debate institutes and the judicial act and lawful verdict; created summary information and legal regimes imposed on information that is included in the concept of «the mystery of the proceedings».
Protection of the Rights of Consumers of Services in Court and the Responsibility of the Contractor
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Levushkin A. N. ,   Kutafin Moscow State Law University (Moscow)
Published: April 2021

Problem Statement. We believe that a special interest is the protection of the rights of citizensconsumers in domestic service, which is considered one of the most important socially significant sectors, providing a huge variety of services. Moreover, the most acute issues are the protection of the rights of consumers of services in court and the responsibility of the service provider. Purpose and Objectives of the Study. Identify the essential features of the application of consumer protection services in court to determine some features of the responsibility of the service provider under the legislation of the Russian Federation. Research objectives: to analyze some features of protection of the rights of consumers of services in court; to determine the order of responsibility of the service provider in case of violation of the quality of the rendered service; to identify the shortcomings of legal regulation in the protection of the rights of consumers of services in court and on their legal analysis to formulate individual proposals for the reform of the current legislation. Method of Research. We used empirical methods of comparison, description, and interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; historical-legal and comparative-legal methods. Results, Brief Conclusions. It is defined that the protection of consumer rights refers to the activities of the state aimed at regulating public relations that arise between a consumer and a business entity. It is established that in the entire sphere of legal regulation of consumer protection there are certain principles that determine the ways to improve consumer legal norms, taking into account political, economic, ideological and environmental conditions. They help ensure the unity of the application of legal norms in the sphere of consumer services, as well as identify ways to improve the human rights mechanism. It is argued that in ensuring the quality of household services rendered, its performers play a fundamental role. However, the correct actions on the part of the consumer, expressed in its obligation to comply with the rules for using the results of the service provided, also play a role in ensuring their proper quality. In case of rendering of household services of inadequate quality and absence of a positive result of an out-of-court dispute resolution procedure, the consumer»s right to protection is implemented by applying to the court.
Judicial Resolution of Issues Related to the Movement of Underages Without Accompanying Parents
Authors:   North-West Branch of Russian State University of Justice (St. Petersburg), Botantsov I. V.
Published: April 2021

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, every citizen has the right to freedom of movement on its territory, but due to the fact that minors cannot be held accountable for their actions, there is a need to control their movement by legal representatives. The practical determination of the age of independent travel of minors and the issues of drawing up documents by parents authorizing them to do so are the subjects of disputes that are subject to judicial resolution. The article provides an analysis of the relevant practice, accompanied by the author's comments.
Evidentiary Value of Explanations in Criminal Proceedings
Authors:   North-West Branch of Russian State University of Justice (St. Petersburg), Konin V. V. , Sidorenko E. V. ,   North-West Branch of Russian State University of Justice (St. Petersburg), Sukhankina L. I. ,   North-West Branch of Russian State University of Justice (St. Petersburg)
Published: April 2021

The article attempts to Express an opinion on the recent discussion about the meaning of the explanation obtained during the pre-investigation check. The authors Express an opinion on whether the explanation is evidence that combines elements of objective and subjective in its evaluation, and whether it can be used at the stage of preliminary investigation and trial on the merits.
Execution of a Sentence in the Structure of Criminal Proceedings: Procedural Stage or Special Court Proceedings?
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Nikolyuk V. V. , Pupysheva L. A. ,   Omsk Academy of the MIA of Russia (Omsk)
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the concept of execution of a sentence as an independent stage of the criminal process (the stage of criminal proceedings). Arguments are given that point to its certain illogicality and inconsistency. The authors on the basis of existing legislation and taking into account the positions of Plenum of the Supreme Court additionally reasoned and substantiated the thesis of the existence of the criminal process self in relation to a criminal case of criminal procedure, regulated by Chapter 47 of the Code of criminal procedure.
The Origins of Military Legal Education in Russia
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Zagorskiy G. I.
Published: April 2021

In the article in connection with the 300th anniversary of the establishment of the first military law school in the Russian state on April 11, 1719 by decree of Peter the Great are considered the issues of training specialists for the created military courts – auditors. At the same time, attention is drawn to the problems of organizing the educational process, staffing the educational institutions with students, and ways of filling in audit positions
Judicial «Law-Making» in the XXI Century
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Ershov V. V.
Published: April 2021

The article analyses different points of view of Russian and foreign specialists who have studied judicial «law-making». The following conclusion is made: from the position of scientifically grounded concept of integrative legal understanding the courts in the XXI century produce judicial acts, which are individual judicial regulators of legal relations, rather than «judicial precedents of law».
On the Consideration of a Criminal Case Against a Minor by Jury
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Markovicheva E. V.
Published: April 2021

The functioning of the jury in Russia has demonstrated not only effectiveness, but also a number of problems that need to be resolved. Such problems include the personal jurisdiction of criminal cases by jury. The article reveals the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation regarding the right of minors to trial a criminal case in a jury. The approaches to solving this issue that have developed in the judicial practice of individual foreign states are analyzed, the main directions for further scientific discussion regarding the right of minors to a jury trial are outlined. The purpose of the article is to disclose various approaches to the administration of criminal justice in the relations of minors with the participation of lay judges. The theoretical basis of the study was Russian and foreign scientific works in the field of criminal procedure law, devoted both to the consideration of criminal cases with the jury, and the specifics of juvenile criminal proceedings. Using the comparative legal research method has allowed to reveal various approaches to the access of minors to jury trials in individual states. In Russian legislation and judicial practice the question of the right of minors to have a criminal case against them considered by a jury remains unresolved. The position of the Constitutional Court of Russia regarding the jurisdiction of such criminal cases is also controversial. The experience of foreign countries indicates that there is no universal way to ensure the right of a minor to a proper court. This issue is decided depending on the type of criminal process, the presence or absence of specialized juvenile courts. Any direct borrowing in this regard cannot be considered effective, but a generalization of foreign experience can create the necessary basis for optimizing both the work of the jury and criminal proceedings against minors.