bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vinç Kancalarının Farklı Malzeme Özellikleri ve Yükleme Kapasitelerine Göre Yorulma Dayanımlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: SARI Ali , NEMUTLU Ömer Faruk
Published: December 2020

Genel olarak sanayi endüstrisinde kullanılan vinç kancalarının nakliye, inşaat ve imalat gibi çeşitli sektörlerde önemli bir görevinin olması araştırmacıların bu alanda çalışmalar yapmasını gerektirmiştir. En genel anlamda şekillerine göre isimlendirilen kancalar basit kancalar, çift ağızlı kancalar ve lamelli kancalar olarak sınıflandırılırlar. Kancalar, işlev olarak yer yer değişim gösterebilmesinin yanında genel olarak bir malzemeyi kaldırmak, bir yerden başka bir yere taşımak ve ağır yükleri yükseltmek amacıyla kullanılırlar. Emniyetli bir şekilde kaldırma, taşıma ve yükseltme işlerini yapabilmesi ve çok büyük ve tekrarlı yüklere maruz kalmasından dolayı en büyük çekme yükleri yani yük kapasiteleri, yorulma testleri ve analizleri yapılarak yorulma ömürlerinin belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada kapsamında 2 ton karbon ve alaşım, 3 ton karbon ve alaşım, 15 ton alaşım ve 25 ton karbon kancalar çeşitli statik ve yorulma testlerine tabii tutulmuştur. Yorulma testlerinden elde edilen veriler yardımıyla kanca tiplerine ait Gerilme-Döngü Sayısı (S-N) eğrileri oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında yorulma analizlerinde kullanılacak S-N eğrileri bir başka deyişle Wöhler eğrileri bir malzemenin hasar meydana getiren çevrim sayısına karşı gelen gerilme genliğinin büyüklüğünü ifade eden eğrilerdir. Bu çalışmada farklı malzemelerden yapılmış ve farklı statik yük kapasitesindeki kancaların yorulma dayanımları, elde edilen S-N eğrileri kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, karbon kancaların alaşım kancalara göre daha yüksek çekme yük kapasitesine sahip olduğu, yorulma ömrüne kancaların büyüklüğünün etki etmediği, karbon kancaların alaşım kancalara göre daha uzun yorulma ömrüne sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Some Azo Dyes in Allium cepa Root Tip Cells
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Mehmet , EROĞLU Halil Erhan , GÜMÜŞ Nisa , YAĞCI Emre
Published: December 2020

Azo dyes (AD-1, AD-2) were synthesized from the reaction diazonium salts of the aromatic amines salt with the enaminone derivative. The chemical structure of the synthesized novel azo dye (AD-2) was characterized by elemental analysis and other spectral techniques (FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR). Azo dyes are used frequently in the industry and pose a great danger especially for water resources. In this respect, azo dyes threaten many products indirectly in agricultural applications. In this study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of potential azo dyes (AD-1, AD-2) that can be used in industrial applications were determined using Allium test system in five different concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µM). As a result of the cytogenetic analyzes, it was determined that both azo dyes significantly reduced the number of divisions of A. cepa cells and caused chromosomal abnormalities in dividing cells. As a result, in this research, it is emphasized that the azo dyes (AD-1, AD-2), which are potentially used in the industry, cause genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in the living structures.
Gıdaların Raf Ömürleri İçin Yeni Bir Yaklaşım: Arı Ürünleri İle Yenilebilir Kaplamalar
Authors: MESCİ Esra , ESİM Nevzat
Published: December 2020

Arıcılık faaliyetleri sonucu üretilen ürünler hem insan beslenmesi hem de ekonomik olarak büyük önem taşır. Bu ürünler gıda, kimya, sağlık, kozmetik alanlarında geniş kullanıma sahiptir. Arıcılıkta üretimi en çok bilinen ve yapılan ürünler bal ve bal mumudur ancak polen, propolis, arı sütü, arı zehri ve arı ekmeği (perga) ticari değeri olan önemli arı ürünlerdir. Gıdaların raf ömrünü artırmak için gıda maddelerinin ambalajlanmasında kullanılan ve gıda maddesi ile birlikte tüketilebilen maddeler yenilebilir ambalajlar olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Yenilebilir ambalajlar, film, kaplama, tabaka ya da torba olarak üretilebilir. Yenilebilir kaplamada polisakkaritler, lipidler, proteinler, organik çözücüler, plastikleştiriciler, antioksidan ajanlar, antimikrobiyal ajanlar ve yüzey aktif maddeleri kullanılmaktadır. Yenilebilir kaplamalar, işlenmiş gıdalarda duyusal özelliklerin iyileştirilmek için renk ve aroma bileşiklerini taşıyıcısı olarak da kullanılabilir. Son yıllarda yenilebilir kaplamalarda etkili ve güvenilir kaplamalar yapmak için arı ürünleri de kullanıldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Mevcut kaplama materyalleri arı ürünleriyle birleştirilerek kaplamanın işlevsel özellikleri geliştirilebilir. Arı ürünleri içeriğindeki biyoaktif bileşenler kaplama materyalleri ile etkileşime girerek mevcut kaplamanın bariyer özelliklerini, esnekliğini, yapısal özelliklerini arttırmaktadır. Arı ürünleri antibakteriyel, antioksidan, antitümöral, antiviral vb. özellikleri nedeniyle taşıyıcı sistemler olarak kullanılabilir. Yenilebilir bir kaplama, gıda kalitesini korumak için umut verici sonuçlar veren modifiye atmosfer yöntemlerinden biridir. Yöntem, gaz değişimini önlemek için ürünün yüzeyinde kaplama tabakası olarak biyolojik veya kimyasal malzemeler kullanır ve böylece meyve gibi gıdaların olgunlaşma sürecini durdurur. Bu nedenle, bu makale, arı ürünlerinin yenilebilir bir kaplama olarak kullanılabilme potansiyeli ve literatürde arı ürünlerinin yenilebilir kaplama olarak kullanılan çalışmaları gözden geçirmeyi amaçlamıştır.
Civa II Klorürün Sıçan Beyin Dokusunda Oluşturduğu Toksisiteye Karşı Borik Asidin Koruyucu Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: AKKOYUN H. Turan , BENGÜ A. Şükrü , BAYRAMOĞLU AKKOYUN Mahire , ULUCAN Aykut , İZGİ Mehmet Sait , ŞAHİN Ömer , EKİN Suat , MELEK Şule
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, sıçanlarda civa II klorür'ün meydana getireceği beyin hasarının engellenmesinde borik asit (BA)'in koruyucu etkileri araştırıldı. Deneyde 200-300 gr ağırlığında, 24 adet yetişkin, Wistar albino cinsi erkek rat kullanıldı. Ratlar, Grup I (Kontrol,n:8):İzotonik serum uygulandı (i.p), Grup II (civa II klorür (HgCl2),n:8):Oral yol ile (0.01 g/kg), Grup III (HgCl2+BA,n:8): Oral yol ile HgCl2 (0.01 g/kg/gün) + BA (3.25mg/kg/gün) (i.p) konsantrasyonda uygulaması yapıldı. Tüm gruplardaki ratlar 10. günün sonunda sakrifiye edilerek beyin dokuları alındı. Biyokimyasal parametrelerden SOD, CAT ve GSH-Px antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri ölçüldü. Ayrıca histopatolojik olarak değerlendirildi. SOD enzim aktivitesi değerlendirildiğinde; Hg uygulanan grupta kontrole oranla azaldığı (p˂0.001) görüldü. BA, uygulanan grupta ise aktivitenin HgCl2 grubu ile kıyaslandığında arttığı (p˂0.001) tespit edildi. CAT enzim aktivitesi değerlendirildiğinde; kontrole oranla HgCl2 ve HgCl2+BA uygulanan gruplarda aktivitede azalma (p˂0.001) olduğu görüldü. HgCl2 uygulanan grupla karşılaştırıldığında BA uygulanan grupta enzim aktivitesinde artış belirlendi. GSH-Px enzim aktivitesi değerlendirildiğinde ise; kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandığında HgCl2 (p˂0.001) ve HgCl2+BA (p˂0.05) uygulanan gruplarda aktivitenin azaldığı görüldü. Ayrıca HgCl2 uygulanan grup ile karşılaştırıldığında BA uygulanan grupta artış olduğu görüldü (p˂0.001). SOD, CAT ve GSH-Px gibi antioksidan enzim aktivitelerinin anlamlı olarak değiştiği ve beyin dokusu histopatolojik incelemede BA'nın koruyucu etkisi olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pollen Extract Mediated Gold Nanostructures
Authors: BAKAR Fatma , SÖNMEZ Hamide , EVECEN Senanur , TURAN Buse , DEMİR Mehmet , GÜMÜŞ Abdurrahman , ÇETER Talip , YAZGAN İdris
Published: December 2020

There is an increasing demand in the synthesis of shape and size-controlled gold nanostructures (Au NSs) with greener methods. Therefore, we aimed to synthesize differently shaped and sized Au NSs using a greener technique under ambient conditions. In this study, we utilized pollen extracts of Corylus avellana, Juniperus oxycedrus and Pinus nigra species (collected from Kastamonu region of Turkey) for the synthesis. The extraction was performed in water in order to recover water soluble content from the pollen grains. The extracts were used to stabilize, and shape/size direct the HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) buffer synthesized Au NSs. UV-vis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations proved synthesis of spherical, anisotropic and large Au NSs with this benign approach. The obtained Au NSs were possible to separate small and large Au NSs through centrifugation. Chemistry of pollen extracts played key role on morphology and stability of the Au NSs. The findings, for the first time, is revealing the synthesis of large Au nanorod bundles (>300 nm) along with hexagonal and spherical Au NSs under ambient conditions using pollen grain extracts, whose maturation took 24h.
MODIFICATION OF THE ALUMINUM ALLOY BY THE RADIATION AND MECHANICAL TREATMENT
Authors: Donets S.E. , Lytvynenko V.V. , Klepikov V.F. , Lonin Yu.F. , Ponomarev A.G. , Selivanov S.Ye. , Starovoytov R.I. , Uvarov V.T.
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the problem of increasing the performance properties of aluminum alloy D16 for possible more efficient use in the fields of transport engineering. A property modification tool is a high current relativistic electron beam. The irradiation occurs in a vacuum. The peculiarities of the layer distribution of characteristic zones resulting from irradiation are investigated. Metallographic and fractographic analysis is carried out, and microhardness values are measured.
BASIC APPROACHES TO THE CHOICE OF MATERIAL FOR WORKING BLADES OF THE LAST STAGES OF THE LPC
OF POWERFUL STEAM TURBINES
Authors: Slaston L.O. , Ishchenko M.G. , Sherfedinov R.B. , Alyokhina S.V.
Published: December 2020

The paper outlines the need for a comprehensive analysis and selection of steels for the working blades of the last stages of low pressure cylinders (LPC) of high-power steam turbines. The authors reviewed the criteria and exist-ing technical requirements for the materials of the working blades. The analysis of various grades of steels for low-pressure cylinder blades was carried out taking into account the experience of their production at JSC “Turboatom”. The proposals on the use of materials of working blades with a large length of the active part are given, as well as ways for further research are outlined.
INTENSE PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF HIGH-PURITY
CAST BERYLLIUM
Authors: Vasil’ev A.A. , Stetsenko S.P. , Vasilenko R.L. , Malykhin D.G. , Stoyev P.I. , Khovrich S.V. , Trembach O.V. , Kovtun K.V.
Published: December 2020

Studies were made into the effect of severe plastic deformation on the mechanical properties, structure, and texture of high-purity cast beryllium. For the first time, angular pressing of high-purity cast beryllium was carried out at temperatures of 600 and 500 °C. It is shown that the degree of grain refinement during angular pressing into a strip reaches a significant value. In a single deformation cycle, the grain is crushed from 3 mm down to 10 μm. Temperature dependences of the mechanical properties of the material of extruded billets in the initial state and after recrystallization annealing at a temperature of 650 °C for one hour were studied. It has been established that the best mechanical properties are shown by the samples of material deformed at 600 °C with subsequent annealing at 650 °C for an hour.
Efektivitas Kombinasi Media Audiovisual Aku Bangga Aku Tahu Dan Diskusi Kelompok Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Remaja Tentang HIV-AIDS
Authors: Ifroh Riza Hayati , Ayubi Dian
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground. The Indonesian government has a target of 95% adolescents have knowledge about HIV-AIDS throughout Indonesia. East Kalimantan as one of the provinces in Indonesia showed that the level of adolescents knowledge Samarinda reached 25.5% in 2012.Aim. Study aim is to assess effectiveness of Aku Bangga Aku Tahu audiovisual Mmedia and group discussion to improve teenager's knowledge on HIV-AIDS.Method. The study design used was quasi experimental on the primary data consisted of 80 research subjects in SMAN 1 and SMAN 3 Samarinda. Data analysis are univariate and bivariate analysis by using the Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney. Result. The results showed that after the intervention to intervention and control groups experienced an increase in knowledge about HIV-AIDS. The increased of adolescents knowledge about HIV-AIDS in the intervention group amounted to 22,41% and increased of knowledge about HIV - AIDS adolescents in the control group was 21,6%. In addition, there is no statistically significant difference in the change in the value of knowledge of HIV-AIDS among the intervention group (film screening and discussion group) and control group (film screening).
Respon Perokok Remaja Terhadap Peringatan Kesehatan Bergambar di Bungkus Rokok
Authors: Nurahmi Leni , Damayanti Rita
Published: December 2020

Background. Smoking is a risk of chronic and deadly diseases in the world. In 2014, 80% of 5.8 billion smokers in the world started smoking at 17.6 years old. Pictorial health warning on cigarette pack was implemented since 24 June 2014 in Indonesia to protect teenagers from smoking. Objective. This study aimed to assess teenage smokers’ responses toward pictorial health warning on cigarette pack in Depok City. Method. This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire from the Center for Health Research Universitas Indoonesia. Result. We found differences in fear, severity, response efficacy and intention. We found no differences in susceptibility, self efficacy, acceptance and ignorance to pictorial health warning. Keyword: pictorial health warning, fear appeal, teenage smoker.
Persepsi Remaja Terhadap Kesan Menakutkan Pada Peringatan Kesehatan Bergambar Di Bungkus Rokok Ditinjau Dari Extended Parallel Process Model
Authors: Dwi Rahmawati Andi Annisa , Damayanti Rita , Anshari Dien
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang. Tujuan pencantuman Peringatan Kesehatan Bergambar (PKB) pada bungkus rokok adalah mencegah remaja dari kebiasaan merokok. Dengan melihat gambar menakutkan pada PKB, remaja perokok juga diharapkan termotivasi berhenti merokok.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pesan persuasif yang berusaha memunculkan rasa takut berperan dalam proses penerimaan atau penolakan pesan pada siswa yang pernah mendapat intervensi program berhenti merokok bernama Not on Tobacco (NOT)  dengan yang belum pernah mendapatkannya. Metode. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain Rapid Asessment Procedures (RAP). Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah wawancara mendalam.Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan siswa yang mendapat intervensi program berhenti merokok memiliki keyakinan diri yang lebih tinggi untuk dapat mengurangi konsumsi rokok atau berhenti merokok dengan mudah dibandingkan siswa yang tidak mendapat intervensi. Mereka yang mendapat intervensi juga menunjukkan penerimaan pesan paling baik. Hal ini terlihat dari perubahan niat, sikap, dan perilaku informan ke arah yang positif, berkaitan dengan perilaku merokok. Sementara itu, siswa yang tidak mendapat intervensi menunjukkan penolakan pesan akibat tidak dapat mengendalikan rasa takut. Hal ini tercermin dari perilaku siswa yang menghindari melihat PKB.
Efektivitas Media Edukasi Audio-visual dan Booklet terhadap Pengetahuan Premenopause, Efikasi Diri dan Stres pada Wanita Premenopause di Kota Bandung
Authors: Setiawan Ridwan , Iryanti Iryanti , Muryati Muryati
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Jumlah wanita menopause di Indonesia saat ini sebanyak 7,4% dari total populasi, dan tahun 2020 jumlahnya diperkirakan mencapai 11,54%. Menopause diawali dengan premenopause, dimana pada masa ini terjadi penurunan hormon estrogen yang memunculkan sindrom premenopause yang dapat mengakibatkan stres pada wanita.Tujuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas media edukasi audio-visual dan booklet terhadap pengetahuan premenopause, efikasi diri dan tingkat stres pada wanita premenopause di Kota Bandung.Metode. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi experiment dengan pre-post test with control group design. Jumlah partisipan sebanyak 76 orang, terdiri dari 38 orang kelompok intervensi dan 38 orang kontrol.Hasil. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pada kelompok intervensi rerata pengetahuan 6,09 poin lebih tinggi, rerata efikasi diri 3,05 poin lebih tinggi, dan rerata stres terjadi penurunan 1,23 poin dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Penggunaan audio-visual dan booklet sebagai media edukasi berhubungan dengan meningkatnya pengetahuan mengenai premenopause dan efikasi diri, serta efektif menurunkan stres wanita premenopause di Kota Bandung (p<0,05).Kesimpulan. Pemberian edukasi menggunakan media audio-visual dan booklet efektif dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan wanita premenopause tentang premenopause.ABSTRACTBackground. The number of menopausal women in Indonesia is currently 7.4% of the total population, and its number is estimated up to 11.54 % in 2020. The menopausal period is preceded by premenopausal phase in which the estrogen hormone is decreased, causing premenopausal syndromes that may lead to stres in women. Objective. This study was to assses the effectiveness of audio-visuals and booklets as educational medium on the knowledge about premenopause, self-efficacy and stres level of premenopausal women in Bandung.Method. Design of the study was quasi experiment using pre-post test with control group design. There were 76 participants, consisting of 38 participants in intervention group and 38 participants in control group.Results. This study found that the scores of knowledge was higher 6.09 points, self-efficacy was higher 3.05 point, and stres level was decrased by 1.23 point in the intervention group than in the control group. The use of audio-visual and booklet as educational medium was associated with increasing knowledge and self-efficacy as well as effective in reducing stres level in premenopausal women in Bandung City. Conclusion. Providing education through audiovisuals and booklets was effective in increasing knowledge of premenopausal women concerning premenopause.
re_5972_ylq
Authors: Trindade Antonio
Published: December 2020

In this paper, I try to approach the archetype of the wild woman from two characters, one from the classical literary tradition and the other from the oral literary tradition. The first is Medea, a character from the Hellenistic epic Argonautica, by the Alexandrian poet Apollonius of Rhodes. The second is Juliana, a character from the traditional Iberian ballad Juliana, sung by the informer Dona Maria, from the municipality of Santa Rosa de Lima / Sergipe, and published by the folklorist Jackson da Silva Lima in her Romanceiro Sergipano. The intertextual reading of the two poems aims to show how the archetype of the wild woman is configured in each of them and what are the implications of this configuration in the compared text messages. As theoretical support, the approach is based on the philosophical, philological, historical and psychological reflections, among others, of the following authors: Ana Alexandra Alves de Sousa, Rachel Gazolla, Marco Zingano, Donald Schüler, Salvatore D’Onofrio e Clarissa Pinkola Estés.
Geospatial technique for characterization, evaluation and management of land resources of Shegaon watershed, district Chandrapur, Maharashtra
Authors:   Anand Niketan College of Agriculture, Anandwan, Warora, Chandrapur-442914, India, Potdar S. S. , Gabhane V. V. ,   Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola- 444104, India, Srivastava Rajeev ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur – 440033, India, Kharche V. K. ,   Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola- 444104, India, Nasre R. A. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur – 440033, India, Nagaraju M. S. S. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur – 440033, India
Published: December 2020

Characterization, evaluation and management of land resources in Shegaon watershed of Chandrapur district of Maharashtra were carried out using IRS-LISS-IV and LISS-III data and GIS coupled with ground truth verification. Six major landform units viz. isolated mound, subdued plateau, upper pediment, lower pediment, upper plain and lower plain were identified and delineated. Based on image characteristics, the major land use/ land cover identified were cultivated land, wasteland with and without scrub, habitation and water bodies. Cultivated land is again delineated into single and double crop based on temporal data. Seven soil series were tentatively identified and mapped as series and complex with phases on 1:12, 500 scales based on landform-soil relationship. Soils occurring on moderately sloping (8-15%) isolated mound were very shallow, well drained (Typic Ustorthents) whereas soils on subdued plateau were shallow belong to Lithic and Typic Haplustepts sub-groups. Typic and Vertic Haplusterts in complex were identified on gently sloping (1-3%) upper pediment. Soils of lower pediments were deep Typic Haplusterts. Upper plain lands of the watershed had very deep, (Typic Haplusterts) whereas soils of lower plains were Sodic Haplusterts. These soils were grouped IIIs, IIIsf, IVs, IVf, IVsf and VIs land capability sub-classes and 2st, 3st, 4s and 4st land irrigability sub-classes. The soil suitability class indicated that very shallow to shallow soils are potentially suitable (N1) to marginally suitable while deep to very deep soils are marginally to moderately suitable to paddy, cotton, soybean, sorghum, red gram and chickpea crops. Suitable conservation measures and interventions have been suggested to improve the productivity of these soils.
Yield of Soybean, Nutrient Uptake and Nutrient Availability in an Inceptisol as Influenced by Irrigation at Critical Growth Stages
Authors:   Interfaculty Department of Irrigation Water Management, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth,                   Rahuri- 413 722, India, Kanade S. M. , Kale K. D. ,   Interfaculty Department of Irrigation Water Management, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth,                   Rahuri- 413 722, India, Pawar D. D. ,   Interfaculty Department of Irrigation Water Management, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth,                   Rahuri- 413 722, India, Hasure R. R. ,   Interfaculty Department of Irrigation Water Management, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth,                   Rahuri- 413 722, India
Published: December 2020

A field study was conducted at Irrigation Water Management Farm, Post Graduate Institute, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra, India during kharif season of 2015-16. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of application of irrigation to soybean at different critical growth stages, viz., No irrigation (T1), one irrigation at branching, flowering and at pod filling stage, respectively (T2 to T4) and two irrigations at branching and flowering stage (T5), two irrigations at branching and pod filling stage (T6), two irrigations at flowering and pod filling stage (T7) and three irrigations at branching, flowering and pod filling (T8). Significantly higher grain and straw yield was obtained where three irrigations were given at branching, flowering and pod filling stage (30.43 q ha-1 and 55.92 q ha-1, respectively) followed by two irrigations at flowering and pod filling stage (28.89 q ha-1 and 54.12 q ha-1, respectively). The growth and yield contributing characters were improved with irrigations at critical growth stages of soybean. The highest nutrient availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil was 181.9 kg ha-1, 17.1 kg ha-1 and 434.5 kg ha-1, respectively was observed in no irrigation treatment at harvest. The highest nutrient uptake was observed in treatment of three irrigations at branching, flowering and pod filling stage was 200.26 kg ha-1, 41.54 kg ha-1 and 84.02 kg ha-1 N, P and K respectively.
Characterization of Some Vertisols of Different Agro-ecological Regions of India
Authors:   ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia road, Bhopal-462038, India, Gurav Priya , Ray S. K. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Jorhat-785004, India, Choudhari P. L. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440033, India, Bhattacharyya T. ,   Dr.BSKKV, Dapoli-415712, India, Chandran P. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440033, India, Kharche V. K. ,   Dr.PDKV, Akola-444104, India, Tiwary P. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440033, India, Biswas A. K. ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia road, Bhopal-462038, India
Published: December 2020

Vertisols have the capacity to shrink and swell, inducing cracks and distinctive soil structure throughout the soil profile. In India they occur in various agro-ecological regions such as humid tropical (HT), sub-humid moist (SHM), sub-humid dry (SHD), semi-arid moist (SAM), semi-arid dry (SAD) and arid dry (AD) climatic environments and thus indicate an array of soils in a climosequence. In this study benchmark Vertisols, series Panjari is from sub-humid (dry), Kheriis from sub-humid (moist) region, Teligi and Akola series are from semi-arid (dry) and Nimone is from arid agro-ecological region. All the Vertisols in general are characterized by dark colour, angular to sub-angular blocky structure and clay in texture and calcareous. These soils have high bulk density and high water retention capacity. These soils have deep, wide-opened desiccation cracks at the surface which extend deep into the profiles and the depth of cracks increases with aridity. Soils of all climates are dominated by Ca2+ ion in their exchange complex throughout the depth. However, in the sub-humid climate Mg2+ ions tends to dominate in the lower horizon. Whereas the semi-arid dry (Akola) soils have high Na+ ions in their exchange complex. The soils are slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline in nature and poor in organic matter. The CEC varied from 59.3 to 68.2cmol (p+) kg-1 in soil of Panjari series which is highest followed by Teligi series profile. The calcium carbonate (CaCO3) shows gradual increase with depth in all the soil profiles, though it is preferentially accumulated in the sub-surface horizons of lower rainfall region soils.In climosequence the soils of the sub-humid region are generally Typic Haplusterts, soils of semi-arid region are Typic/Sodic/Calcic Haplusterts and soils of arid region are Sodic/ Calcic/ Aridic Haplusterts. The present study demonstrates how the soil properties of Vertisols in a different climate may help in inferring the change in climate in a geologic period.
Potassium release Characteristics in Relation to Soil Properties in Soils of Major Cropping Systems in Kurnool District
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural College, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Mahanandi- 518502, Rajeevana I. , Kavitha P. ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural College, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Mahanandi- 518502, Chari M. Sreenivasa ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural College, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Mahanandi- 518502, Reddy M. Srinivasa ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural College, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Mahanandi- 518502
Published: December 2020

Sixty representative surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected from 5 major cropping systems (rice-rice, fallow-bengal gram, groundnut-groundnut, maize-maize, rice-maize/mustard) covering 13 mandals in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. Based on K status, the potassium releasing characteristics of thirty soils were studied by repeated extractions with boiling 1N HNO3 and their relationship between soil properties and different forms of potassium. The soils were moderately coarse to fine in texture and neutral to slightly alkaline, non-saline and non-calcareous. Potassium release characteristics and different forms of potassium were highest in maize-maize cropping system and the lowest in groundnut-groundnut cropping system. Most of the soils had lower step-K and cumulative-K. The K release parameters were positively and significantly correlated with non-exchangeable form of soil K, pH, OC, CEC and clay fraction of soil and negatively correlated with sand fraction of soil.
Spatial Variability of Major and Micro Nutrients in Soils of Bhandara District of Maharashtra
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444104, India, Katkar R. N. , Lakhe S. R. ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444104, India, Kharche V. K. ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444104, India, Magare P. N. ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444104, India, Laharia G. S. ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444104, India
Published: December 2020

The georeferenced surface soil samples from Bhandara district of Maharashtra were collected using Global Positioning System (GPS) to study the variability in availability of N, P, K, S, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and B. The fertility maps were prepared using Geographical Information System for each nutrient. The results revealed that soil reaction is acidic to slightly alkaline (4.16 to 8.35), whereas organic carbon content varied from very low to very high (0.65 to 1.43 g kg-1). The available nitrogen ranged from 73.8 to 273.9 kg ha-1 and available phosphorus varied from 1.03 to 63.0 kg ha-1 indicating deficiency in 89.2 per cent samples. The available potassium and sulphur ranged from 112.0 to 795.2 kg ha-1 varied from 7.94 to 36.49 mg kg-1 respectively. The DTPA-Zn ranged from 0.10 – 2.60 mg kg-1 showing 58.01 per cent samples deficient while DTPA-Fe varied from 1.56 to 197.36 mg kg-1. DTPA-Mn and Cu were found to be sufficient. The nutrient indices of nitrogen (1.00) and phosphorus (1.13) were found low, medium for sulphur (2.08), high for potassium (2.75), low for zinc (1.44), medium for boron (1.82) and high for iron (2.63), copper (2.96) and manganese (2.91).
Perspektif Aksiologi Terhadap Penurunan Minat Belajar Anak di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Sulistyawati Theresia Endang
Published: December 2020

Kegiatan pembelajaran lazimnya dilakukan dalam komplek sekolah yang menjadi tempat pertemuan ideal antara pendidik dan peserta didik dalam mewujudkan mutu pendidikan yang berkualitas. Pendidikan mengandung nilai-nilai etika, moral, estetika dan kepedulian sosial untuk mencapai keberhasilan pendidikan. Namun menjadi berubah ketika kegiatan pembelajaran mulai beralih dilakukan di rumah secara daring. Semua pihak mulai melakukan berbagai adaptasi yang sangat menyulitkan. Pihak sekolah dan pendidik harus bekerja keras untuk mengupayakan jaringan internet yang memadai sebagai sarana pembelajaran. Siswa dan orang tua di rumah berjuang agar dapat mengikuti pembelajaran daring. Setelah terlaksana, diketahui banyak kendala yang dihadapi berbagai pihak. Kasus yang sangat menyedihkan adalah terjadinya penurunan minat belajar anak. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mendeskripsikan permasalahan yang terjadi. Hasil dari pengumpulan data yang dilakukan, diketahui adanya penurunan minat belajar anak dan kemalasan belajar, upaya memotivasi mampu mendorong kembali semangat belajar anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai etika, kepedulian sosial dalam kehidupan bersosialisasi. Kesimpulannya adalah; penurunan minat belajar anak (kemalasan) dalam perspektif aksiologi merupakan nilai keburukan dan perilaku tidak terpuji, apapun alsannya.
The Influence Of Brand Image, Lifestyle, And Product Quality on Purchasing Decisions
Authors: Iskuntianti Nanda Dwi , Faisal Malia Annissa , Naimah Jumratun , Sanjaya Vicky F
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the brand image, lifestyle, and product quality on purchasing decisions for Iphone smartphones. The population used in this study is the consumer iPhone mobile phone users. The method used in this study is a partial test with a Likert scale. The sample in this study were consumers of iPhone smarthphones with a total of 40 respondents. Statistical tests were performed using PLS-based Structural Equation Modeling. The validation test uses the loading factor, convergent validity, and face validity. While the reliability test uses the Cronbach'c alpha value, composite reliability and Average Variance Extracted (AVE). After all the results of the indicator items used in this study are valid and reliable, then the hypothesis is tested. Of the three hypotheses proposed, all of them are supported and for each hypothesis there is one researcher who says the results are not significant. The conclusion of this study is the importance of maintaining brand image for a better lifestyle and maintaining good product quality, in order to get good consumer reviews, besides that it is also important to pay attention to lifestyle in order to remain confident and make purchasing decisions.
COMPUESTOS FENÓLICOS, CAROTENOIDES Y CAPSAICINOIDES EN FRUTOS DE Capsicum spp. DE TABASCO, MÉXICO
Authors: Dario de la Cruz-Ricardez Dario , Carlos F. Ortiz-García Carlos F. , Lagunes-Espinoza Luz del C. , Torres-de la Cruz Magdiel , Hernández-Nataren Edith
Published: December 2020

Los chiles silvestres (Capsicum spp.) en Tabasco, México, forman parte de la cultura gastronómica pero su composición nutrimental y de metabolitos secundarios se conoce poco. Dado que estos chiles son fuente importante de metabolitos secundarios, los que pueden variar en función de la especie, estado de madurez y componente del fruto, el objetivo de este experimento fue determinar el contenido de carotenoides totales (CAT), polifenoles totales (PFT), flavonoides totales (FLT), capsaicina (CAP) y dihidrocapsaicina (DHC) en frutos inmaduros y maduros de especies silvestres: chile amashito (AMAS) (C. annuum var. glabriusculum), chile garbanzo (GARB) (Capsicum sp.), chile pico paloma (PICP) (C. frutescens) y una especie comercial de chile habanero (HABA) (C. chinense) cultivada en el estado de Tabasco. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar por un arreglo factorial con tres repeticiones, considerando las especies y estado de madurez. Los chiles maduros mostraron el contenido mayor de CAT, sobresalieron el pericarpio de HABA maduro (52.23 mg g–1), el fruto completo de PICP (46.16 mg g–1) y el pericarpio de GARB (34.89 mg g–1). El contenido menor de CAT correspondió a AMAS en todos los componentes del fruto. La madurez de los frutos no afectó a PFT y los pericarpios presentaron el contenido mayor (14.19 mg g–1, AMAS, a 19.17 mg g–1, HABA). Los intervalos de variación entre componentes y estado de madurez para FLT fueron 16.29-29.11 mg g–1 (HABA), 11.92-28.17 mg g–1 (PICP), 11.06-24.78 mg g–1 (AMAS) y 1.7-26.36 mg g–1(GARB). En frutos completos, HABA tuvo más capsaicinoides en estado maduro (21.51 y 12.18 mg g–1, CAP y DHC, respectivamente) e inmaduro (20.43 y 11.03 mg g–1, CAP y DHC). CAP y DHC en frutos inmaduros de AMAS presentaron 6.04 y 3.73 mg g–1, y en maduros 6.86 y 3.80 mg g–1. La variación en metabolitos secundarios entre los chiles silvestres evaluados, muestra su potencial como fuente de compuestos bioactivos.
FACTIBILIDAD DE COBERTURA DEL PRECIO DE MAÍZ (Zea mays L.) EN MÉXICO CON EL MERCADO DE FUTUROS FORÁNEO DE EE. UU.
Authors: Martínez-Damián M. Ángel , Brambila-Paz, J. de Jesús , Mora-Flores J. Saturnino
Published: December 2020

La administración de riesgo de precio para la producción de maíz tiene un componente de precios de garantía. Sin embargo, no hay cobertura universal y las propias reglas de operación señalan que no son elegibles productores mayores a 20 ha. Esto deja des­cubierto parte de la producción nacional de maíz que aún tiene que administrar riesgo de precio. Una herramienta de adminis­tración de riesgo de precio es el mercado de derivados; institución ausente en México. Una alternativa es administrar este riesgo en un mercado de futuros foráneo, lo que requiere fijar un precio en una moneda extranjera bajo las condiciones de dicho mercado foráneo. Para que una cobertura de este tipo sea potencialmente eficiente es necesario que exista una relación estable entre precios domésticos, precios futuros foráneos y tasa de cambio. Con un enfoque de series de tiempo vectoriales la hipótesis evaluada in­cluye un vector cointegrante entre las variables precio doméstico, precio futuro y tasa de cambio, y por lo tanto proyecta una admi­nistración de riesgo efectiva del precio doméstico del maíz (Zea mays L.) a partir del precio futuro de maíz cotizado en Chicago. Los resultados muestran que no se puede rechazar la existencia de una relación de largo plazo entre los precios doméstico y futuro de maíz con la mediación de la tasa de cambio. Esto significa la existencia de un potencial de cobertura, a pesar de un precio futuro foráneo y la propia tasa de cambio peso dólar.
METALES PESADOS, ARSÉNICO Y BORO EN AGUA DE RIEGO SUBTERRÁNEA EN ZACOALCO DE TORRES Y AUTLÁN DE NAVARRO, JALISCO
Authors: Mancilla Villa Oscar Raúl , Anzaldo Cortes Blanca Noemy , Guevara Gutiérrez Rubén Darío , Hernández Vargas Omar , Ortega Escobar Héctor Manuel , Flores Magdaleno Héctor , Can Chulim Álvaro , Olguín Lopez José Luis , Mendoza Saldivar Isabel , Sánchez Bernal Edgar Iván , Cruz Crespo Elia , Barreto García Oscar Arturo
Published: December 2020

Las concentraciones altas de metales pesados en aguas subterráneas utilizadas para el riego tienen el potencial de causar daños fisiológicos en los cultivos agrícolas, disminuir la calidad y el rendimiento de las cosechas. Además hay efectos en la salud humana por el consumo de productos contaminados. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la concentración de Cd, Hg, Pb, As y B en el agua subterránea de uso agrícola en los municipios de Autlán de Navarro y Zacoalco de Torres, Jalisco, México, ambos con una gran actividad agrícola. El estudio se realizó de febrero a abril y de agosto a noviembre de 2017, y se analizaron 24 muestras de agua subterránea por temporada. Las evaluaciones fueron: potencial de hidrogeno (pH) y la conductividad eléctrica (C.E.); cuantificación de los metales pesados cadmio (Cd), mercurio (Hg), plomo (Pb) y el metaloide arsénico (As); contenido de boro (B) en el agua subterránea dada su importancia nutrimental y tóxica. Los metales pesados se determinaron con la técnica de espectrometría de emisión atómica. Las concentraciones encontradas se compararon con los lineamientos de la NOM-001-ECOL-1996. En promedio la conductividad eléctrica fue 665 µS cm-1 y el pH 7.7, valores que no representan restricción en cuanto al uso del agua en riego agrícola. En los metales pesados el Hg excedió en 100% de las muestras los límites máximos establecidos con una concentración promedio de 0.14 mg L-1, el metaloide As excedió en 16% de las muestras el límite máximo con una concentración promedio de 0.13 mg L-1, pero Cd, Pb y B no superaron los valores establecidos como límite permisible para el uso del agua en riego agrícola.
How to understand “Six Kes A Day” in the combination “Five Gengs A Night, Six Kes A Day”
Authors:   The University of Danang - University of Science and Education No. 459 Ton Duc Thang, Lien Chieu District, Da Nang City, Vietnam, Ngoan Bui Trong
Published: December 2020

When interpreting the word "ke", in addition to the definition of "a quarter hour", "15 minutes", some dictionaries also determine that this word also means "one sixth of the day, according to the division method of the ancient people". Therefore, after referring the explanations of some dictionaries, this article has examined the works on Chinese and Vietnamese calendars and the method of time tracking in ancient records to confirm that there was no definition of “ke” as one sixth of the day. At the same time, to prove the presence of the phrase "six kes a day", ("give gengs a night, six kes a day") in modern Vietnamese, the author has analyzed two reasons for its existence. One is about structure, the other is about semantics.
IMPORTÂNCIA GEOPOLÍTICA DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Mattos Carlos Meira
Published: December 2020

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PLANEJAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO NO CAMPO PSICOSSOCIAL
Authors: Carvalho Ferdinando de , Nascimento José Camarinha , Queiroz Carlos Sanchez de
Published: December 2020

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AS ORGANIZAÇÕES NÃO-GOVERNAMENTAIS (ONG) E O DESENVOLVIMENTO BRASILEIRO:
Authors: Silva Heloísa Maria Cardoso
Published: December 2020

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BRASIL E O ATUAL ORDENAMENTO POLÍTICO MUNDIAL ECONÔMICO MUNDIAL
Authors: Lampreia Luiz Felipe
Published: December 2020

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APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: ESG Revista de
Published: December 2020

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PROCESSO INFLACIONÁRIO:
Authors: Menezes Amílcar Manoel de
Published: December 2020

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O IDEAL DE SOCIEDADE ABERTA EM STUART MILL E SUA CRÍTICA
Authors: Macedo Ubiratan de
Published: December 2020

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ANTÁRTICA:
Authors: Castro Therezinha de
Published: December 2020

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ÁFRICA COM ÊNFASE NOS PAÍSES DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA E NIGÉRIA, NAMÍBIA E ÁFRICA DO SUL
Authors: Andrade Virgílio Moretzsohn de
Published: December 2020

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PODER DA ONU:
Authors: Mattos Irene Badaró
Published: December 2020

Procurou-se enfocar o tema proposto, dentro de uma formatação transluzente, sucinta e didática, através da qual fosse possível visualizar o poder e o papel da Organização das Nações Unidas – ONU. Não foi possível fazer um transunto de todo o vasto universo que tal discussão viabilizaria, restringindo-se à tentativa de transverter dados elucidadores sobre a ação da ONU neste campo específico: o da utilização da política de forças para atender à sua missão de mantenedora da paz e segurança internacionais. Evidencia-se que as ações da ONU são o reflexo de seu papel específico no ordenamento político e econômico mundial, no qual se insere o Brasil como país emergente e “nação perturbadora”. O tema possibilitou que fossem levantadas políticas e estratégias para o Brasil, em face da sua postura história e legal, quanto aos princípios da soberania e da não intervenção, frente ao atual ordenamento mundial e a determinadas posturas da ONU discriminadas no documento Agenda para a Paz, de Boutros Boutros-Ghali.
AMPLIAÇÃO DA CAPACITAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E TECNOLÓGICA
Authors: Álvares Luiz Fernando Hor-Meyll
Published: December 2020

A nova configuração econômica mundial apresenta desafio às nações em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. A necessidade de integração ao comércio internacional provocou a mudança da política industrial brasileira, que passou a enfatizar a busca de qualidade e da produtividade para o parque industrial do País. Como conseqüência deste novo enfoque, a política nacional para o setor de ciência e tecnologia deve ser redirecionada. Torna-se mandatória a ampliação da capacitação brasileira em C&T para o fortalecimento do Poder Nacional. Já não é prioritária a busca da autonomia tecnológica, passando para o primeiro plano outras preocupações: mudança do papel do Estado no setor (passando a ser o responsável pela coordenação da elaboração política de C&T e pelo acompanhamento e avaliação de sua implantação); melhoria do ensino em todos os níveis (para enfrentar o desafio da rápida obsolescência da mão-de-obra, em razão da velocidade do avanço tecnológico); descentralização das atividades de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e fomento; modernização dos ativos de produção e dos processos industriais; e difusão dos novos conhecimentos e tecnologias.
MERCOSUL - PROTOCOLO DE OURO PRETO
Authors: De Lima Cláudio Vianna
Published: December 2020

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REGIÃO GUIANENSE E O SURINAME
Authors: Castro Therezinha de
Published: December 2020

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ESCOLA SUPERIOR DE GUERRA
Authors: ESG Revista da
Published: December 2020

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ATUAÇÃO DO EMFA O QUE É O EMFA
Authors: Carmo Fábio Soares
Published: December 2020

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EVOLUÇÃO DA MARINHA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Vidigal Armando Amorim Ferreira
Published: December 2020

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GEOPOLÍTICA E GLOBALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Mattos Carlos de Meira
Published: December 2020

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INTELECTUAL E SUA RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL
Authors: Rotstein Jaime
Published: December 2020

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CENTRO DE ESTUDOS ESTRATÉGICOS DA ESCOLA SUPERIOR DE GUERRA
Authors: Sá Jayme Magrassi de
Published: December 2020

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Extra-Hepatic Biliary Atresia in Association with Polysplenia and Intestinal Malrotation
Authors: Ramji Jaishri , Joshi Rakesh S , Bachani Mitesh , Rathore Dungarsingh
Published: December 2020

The syndromic form of biliary atresia accounts for 10-25% and is associated with a poor prognosis due to associated anomalies. We report a case of extrahepatic biliary atresia and polysplenia syndrome with jaundice since 19th day of life and who had undergone surgical correction of malrotation in the neonatal period. Inspite of successful Kasai’s portoenterostomy at 52nd day of life, the child succumbed to post-operative sepsis.
Broken Umbilical Vein Catheter as an Embolus in a Neonate- An Unusual Preventable Complication
Authors: Dhua Anjan Kumar , Singh Bijender , Kumar Dilip , Awasthy Neeraj
Published: December 2020

Umbilical vein catheter (UVC) is used in managing critically sick neonates all over the world. It is generally considered to be safe although various complications can arise and are well known. Herein we describe a successful retrieval of a broken and migrated UVC across the heart in a neonate. Pertinent literature regarding rarity of its occurrence and mechanism of occurrence has been touched upon to prevent such untoward complications.
Prepenile Scrotum- An Extreme Form of Penoscrotal Transposition
Authors: Dhua Anjan Kumar
Published: December 2020

Please see fulltext
Surgical Care of Major Newborn Malformations
Authors: Sarin Yogesh Kumar
Published: December 2020

Please see fulltext
PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF OLIVE OIL EFFECT ON IBUPROFEN-INDUCED LIVER AND KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION IN LOCAL MALE RABBITS
Authors: Yaseen Abdulrahman Salem Omer , Abdulmanea Khaled Saleh Omer , Salem Rafat Mohsen Hussein
Published: December 2020

Ibuprofen (IB), is one of the common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), it is mostly used for the management of pain, fever, and inflammations. In addition to its beneficial effects; IB has also been reported to be associated with some adverse effects. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of olive oil (OO) against the IB -induced dysfunction of liver and kidney parameters in male rabbits. This study was conducted on 18 local male rabbits weighing between (900 - 1000 g) for 30 days, rabbits were divided into three equal groups; control group (C), ibuprofen group (IB), and ibuprofen +olive oil group (IB + OO), each group included six rats. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical assessment of the liver and kidney functions. The results showed that IB caused a significant increase (P˂ 0.001) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea (Ur), creatinine (Cr), and uric acid (UA). A significant decrease in the total protein (TP) and albumin (AL) (P˂ 0.001) and (P˂ 0.05) respectively showed in the IB group compared to the control group. Treatment rabbits with OO showed significant improvement in renal and liver functions; the activity enzymes of ALT, AST, and ALP significantly decreased, and the levels of TP and AL significantly increased. The current results were in agreement with other previous studies which informed that the IB has adverse effects on the functional capacities of the liver and the kidney. Further studies are needed to evaluate this ameliorative effect of OO on other medicines and pollutants.