bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Working Capital Management on AAVIN'S Profitability
Authors: - YUVASRI S , - CHANDRA MOHAN T
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of working capital management on the profitability of AAVIN, a prominent dairy cooperative in Tamil Nadu. Effective management of working capital is crucial for maintaining liquidity and operational efficiency, which can significantly influence profitability. The study analyzes key components of working capital such as inventory management, receivables, payables, and cash conversion cycle to determine their relationship with AAVIN’S profitability indicators, including net profit margin and return on assets (ROA). By using financial data from AAVIN’S over a defined period, the research highlights how optimizing working capital practices can enhance profitability without compromising operational sustainability. The findings suggest that efficient working capital management contributes positively to the firm’s profitability by reducing costs and improving cash flow management. Recommendations for improving AAVIN’S working capital strategies are provided to maximize its financial performance in the competitive dairy industry.
THE ROLE OF VISCOSITY IN FLUID FLOW: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WATER AND OIL
Authors: - Bikram Singh , - Ravi Kumar
Published: January 2025

The flow properties of fluids depend much on viscosity, which also affects their movement and interaction with their environment. This work intends to investigate how the viscosity of two widely used fluids—water and oil—affects fluid flow via comparison. A low-viscosity fluid, water shows distinct flow patterns than oil, which has a higher viscosity. The physical characteristics, molecular interactions, and temperature dependability of viscosity in both fluids are investigated in this work. Combining theoretical models with actual data, the study investigates how viscosity influences fluid dynamics—including laminar and turbulent flow—as well as the ramifications for useful applications in sectors like hydraulics, lubrication, and environmental engineering. The results underline the requirement of knowing viscosity in optimising operations involving fluid transportation, therefore stressing the need of customised methods depending on fluid type. This comparison offers understanding of the larger relevance of viscosity in fluid mechanics and its influence on practical uses.
From Casual to Academic: Exploring the Impact of Social Media on Higher-level English Students’ Writing Practices
Authors: - Arif Ahmad , - Tasnim Jarin
Published: January 2025

This research performs an investigation into the effects of social media on the academic writing practices of tertiary-level students in the English Department. It explores in a nuanced way rather than differing into conventional methods of observing how informal digital communication and academic standards interact. The study highlights unique insights into the academic discourse of digital literacy. The primary purpose of the study is to evaluate the methods by which digital platforms influence writing standards in an academic setting. By including a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates quantitative data from surveys with the qualitative outcomes of open-ended questionnaire answers. By using random sampling, a total of 118 students from Dhaka International University are selected. The analysis was done by statistical software, whereas thematic analysis was performed by qualitative responses. The results illustrated that while social media can have a negative impact on student’s academic writing by using casual language, it can also improve the dynamic language for students of English as a Foreign Language, which improves their academic writing. However, there is a gap in formal writing education. This highlights the need for curriculum changes to bridge the divide between digital informalities and academic formalities.
Navigating Migration and Human Rights in Mexico: The Impact of International Law on National Policies
Authors: - ARYA SINGH RATHORE
Published: January 2025

The paper elaborates on the complex interaction between international law and national migration policy in Mexico from the perspective of human rights. First, the historical and political context of the issue of migration in Mexico is introduced, followed by the development of an explanation regarding how socioeconomic factors lead to migration flows and thus the problems which migrants must face. This paper argues that the securitization of migration has downplayed the protection of human rights for nationals, and it thus emphasises national policies over border control. It also discusses very important NGO activities in the sphere of advocating for migrants' rights in cases of government failure. A case study in Tijuana showed that migrants suffer violence, discrimination, and a lack of basic services. The paper discusses how policies that exist today cannot resolve the problems and require an integrated policy respectful of human rights, taking migration as a global problem. It contributes to the broader debate on migration and human rights, underlining the importance of bringing national policies up to international legal standards to protect migrants, treat them with dignity, and make this a reality in Mexico.
Emotional Intelligence of Higher Secondary School Students of Kerala
Authors: - Manacy H A , - Prof. Dr.Gopal Krishna Bhardwaj
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Adolescence is the transition phase between growth and development between childhood and adulthood. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an adolescent as any person between ages 10 and 19. This age range falls within WHO’s definition of young people, which refers to individuals between ages 10 and 24. In adolescence, students face some problems during the period of puberty. To overcome these problems, guiding and counselling services are needed. Nevertheless, for it to be effective, it is important to understand students' emotional intelligence level accurately. The purpose of the study was to find out the level of emotional intelligence among students in higher secondary schools of Kerala, India. The sample population consisted of 240 higher secondary school students selected by random sampling technique. The tool used is the Emotional Intelligence Scale (EI Scale) prepared and standardised by the investigator. Data analysis used a quantitative approach with descriptive methods. The results showed emotional intelligence among higher secondary school students were average in nature. The findings of this study might be used by counsellors to improve students' emotional intelligence level.
Fair Inverse Domination in Graphs
Authors: - Deno A. Escandallo , - Grace M. Estrada , - Margie L. Baterna , - Mark Kenneth C. Engcot , - Enrico L. Enriquez
Published: January 2025

Let G be a nontrivial connected simple graph. A subset S of V(G) is a dominating set of G if for every v∈ V(G)\S, there exists x∈S such that xv∈E(G). Let D be a minimum dominating set of G. If V(G)\D contains a dominating set say S of G, then S is called an inverse dominating set with respect to D. A fair dominating set in a graph G (or FD-set) is a dominating set S such that all vertices not in S are dominated by the same number of vertices from S ; that is, every two vertices not in S has the same number of neighbors in S. An inverse dominating subset S of a vertex set V(G) is said to be fair inverse dominating set if for every vertex v∈ V(G)\S is dominated by the same number of the vertex in S. A fair inverse domination number is the minimum cardinality of a fair inverse dominating set S in G. In this paper, we initiate the study of the concept and give the fair inverse domination number of some special graphs. Further, we give the characterization of the fair inverse dominating set in the join of two nontrivial connected graphs.
Design and Development of a Line Following Robot using the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control System
Authors: - Atharv Baluja
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the design and development of a line-following robot using the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback control system. A line-following robot is a widely adopted autonomous system that can make a robot follow a predefined path based on sensor data and real-time adjustments. This paper details the components, construction, and programming needed to make the robot, with emphasis on the implementation and tuning of the PID system. The effect of tuning the PID parameters—proportional (Kp), integral (Ki), and derivative (Kd)—on the efficiency, stability, and path accuracy of the robot is thoroughly analyzed. This work contributes to understanding how PID systems can be optimized for applications in robotics, enabling precise and adaptive control.
Leprosy
Authors: - Mohammad Azhar , - Vijay Bhand , - Khan Mohammad Atif , - Swami Balram , - Swami Krishna
Published: January 2025

Leprosy also called as hansen's disease, it is a chronic infectious disease it mainly caused by mycobacterium leprae.
Leprosy continue a global health issue , mainly in region with limited healthcare services
It has significant social, physiological and economic impact on affect individuals and communities.
Affort to adress community impact leprosy focus on raising awareness, reduce stigma, provide the psychological support and access effective medical treatment.
Early Detection of Liver Cirrhosis in India with the Help of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: - Sandhya Singh , - Himadri Shekhar Dey
Published: January 2025

Liver Cirrhosis remains a major public health problem in India, largely due to late diagnosis and limited access to advanced diagnostic tools in rural and underserved regions. This research paper explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to transform early detection of cirrhosis in India.
Using AI -led diagnostic tools, we can improve the gap between primary medical care providers and professional diagnosis and eventually improve patient results. This article looks at an existing AI -based method, assesses its deployment in the background of India and proposes the AI ​​integration system in the healthcare system.
भारतीय ज्ञान परंपराओं में निहित जेंडर अवधारणाओं में ट्रांसजेंडर पहचान का अध्ययन
Authors: - ललित कुमार , - अखिलेश कुमार गौतम
Published: January 2025

भारतीय समाज अपने अंदर ज्ञान की उत्त्कृष्ठ पूँजी को निहित किए हुए है और इसके प्रमाण हमें दैनिक जीवन एवं अन्य क्षेत्रों जैसे धातुकर्म, आभूषण, कृषि, खानपान इत्यादि में स्पष्ट रूप से दिखाई देते हैं। भारतीय भाषाओं में समृद्ध साहित्य परंपरा आदि काल से रही है और निर्बाध रूप से अभी भी जारी है। जहाँ एक तरफ भारतीय भाषाओं में स्त्री और पुरुष के साथ ही तृतीय लिंग उपस्थिति है, वहीं भारतीय समाज में तृतीय जेंडर अर्थात ट्रांसजेंडर की उपस्थिति स्पष्ट रूप से नज़र आती है। यह इस बात की तरफ इशारा करती है कि भारतीय ज्ञान परंपराओं के तहत जेंडर अवधारणाओं का विकास उच्च स्तर पर था। प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र भारतीय ज्ञान परंपरा के विभिन्न स्रोतों में निहित जेंडर अवधारणाओं में ट्रांसजेंडर पहचान का अध्ययन प्रस्तुत करता है। यह शोधपत्र जेंडर अवधारणाओं में उपस्थित ट्रांसजेंडर पहचान का उसी रूप में प्रस्तुत करने का प्रयास करता है।
Real-Time Retail: Building a High-Performance Distributed Promotion System
Authors: - Nitin Saksena
Published: January 2025

Edge computing architectures have recently allowed revolutionary ideas in retail technology, especially in
the field of real-time promotion processing. To transform grocery store operations, this article proposes a
novel implementation of a distributed promotion execution engine that elegantly combines cloud and edge
computing. Using a case study of Albertsons' enterprise-wide deployment, this article shows how a hybrid
architectural solution effectively solves the longstanding industry difficulty of unified promotion
processing across physical and digital channels. The system maintains centralized cloud orchestration for
offer management and distribution, while it uses edge computing concepts to process transactions closer
to the point of sale. It is discovered that this distributed architecture offers constant sub-second
performance in offer dissemination and processing across geographically scattered retail locations.
Handling peak promotion periods and preserving system dependability, the implementation has shown
continuous performance at the corporate level. This article adds important insights for the next
implementations of distributed systems in mission-critical retail operations and helps to contribute to the
increasing body of knowledge on useful applications of edge computing in retail environments
Unlocking Insights with Natural Language: The Role of Natural Language Interfaces in Modern Data Exploration
Authors: - Praneeth Thoutam
Published: January 2025

Natural Language Interfaces (NLIs) for data exploration represent a transformative advancement in data
analytics, combining sophisticated natural language processing with modern artificial intelligence
techniques to democratize data access and analysis. This article presents a comprehensive examination of
NLI architectures, exploring their core components including semantic parsing, intent recognition, and
entity extraction systems, while detailing their integration with large language models and
transformer-based architectures. This article analyzes the technical challenges and solutions in
implementing NLIs within enterprise environments, particularly focusing on their integration with major
data warehouses like BigQuery and Snowflake, and discusses crucial aspects of scalability, performance
optimization, and security considerations. This article also addresses the critical role of business
intelligence integration, exploring how NLIs enhance data visualization and real-time analytics
capabilities. Examination of emerging technologies and industry applications demonstrates how NLIs are
evolving to meet complex enterprise requirements while simultaneously lowering the technical barriers to
sophisticated data analysis, ultimately driving innovation in decision-making processes across various
sectors.
Building Intelligent CRM Systems: Prompt Engineering Strategies for Salesforce
Authors: - Sruthi Potru
Published: January 2025

This comprehensive technical article presents an in-depth examination of prompt engineering
methodologies for custom Salesforce applications, focusing on the integration and optimization of Large
Language Models (LLMs) within enterprise Customer Relationship Management (CRM) environments.
This article explores the intricate relationship between prompt engineering techniques and business
process optimization, providing a systematic framework for implementing effective LLM solutions within
Salesforce's object-oriented architecture. Through detailed analysis of implementation strategies, testing
methodologies, and optimization approaches, this article demonstrates how well-crafted prompt
engineering practices can significantly enhance customer service automation, sales process optimization,
and data management capabilities. The investigation encompasses crucial aspects, including basic prompt
components, advanced engineering techniques, evaluation frameworks, and production deployment
strategies, offering practical insights for organizations seeking to leverage LLM capabilities within their
Salesforce ecosystem. This article also addresses critical challenges in prompt engineering
implementation, providing solutions for maintaining response accuracy, ensuring data consistency, and
optimizing system performance. Special attention is given to development standards and best practices,
establishing a foundation for sustainable and scalable LLM integration. The article highlights the
transformative potential of structured prompt engineering approaches in improving operational efficiency,
enhancing customer experiences, and maintaining competitive advantages in modern business
environments. This article contributes to the growing body of knowledge on enterprise LLM
implementations while providing actionable insights for Salesforce developers, administrators, and
business stakeholders, ultimately serving as a comprehensive guide for organizations navigating the
complex landscape of AI-powered CRM solutions.
A Review paper on Durability Studies on Construction and Demolition Waste Material
Authors: - Akshay Babali , - Akshaykumar V Hanagodimath
Published: January 2025

The global rise in construction and demolition (C&D) waste generation presents significant challenges and opportunities for sustainable construction practices. This study examines the durability performance of concrete made by replacing 30% of natural coarse aggregates with recycled coarse aggregates derived from C&D waste. The research aims to evaluate the feasibility of using recycled materials in structural applications by conducting a series of durability tests, including assessments of resistance to freeze-thaw cycles, sulfate attack, chloride ion penetration, and carbonation.

Concrete specimens incorporating 30% recycled coarse aggregates were prepared and tested, and their performance was compared to that of conventional concrete. The results indicate that while there is a noticeable impact on certain mechanical and durability properties, the modified concrete exhibited acceptable performance under specific conditions. Strategies for enhancing the durability of recycled aggregate concrete, such as incorporating supplementary cementitious materials, were also investigated. The findings suggest that partial replacement of coarse aggregates with recycled materials can be a viable solution for sustainable construction, provided that appropriate mix design adjustments are made. This research contributes to understanding the long-term behavior of recycled aggregate concrete and provides a basis for developing guidelines for its use in various construction applications.
A Review on the Uniqueness of Albumin as a Carrier in Nano Drug Delivery System
Authors: - K.Malleswari , - Dr.D.Rama Brahma Reddy , - P.Kavya Keerthi
Published: January 2025

The quest for precision medicine hinges on targeted drug delivery, minimizing off-target effects while maximizing therapeutic impact. Among nanocarriers, albumin – the most abundant protein in human blood – emerges as a uniquely biocompatible stealth bomber. Its inherent advantages, including exceptional biodegradability, prolonged circulation, and natural affinity for diseased tissues, perfectly align with the goals of personalized medicine. Albumin readily solubilizes poorly soluble drugs, enhancing bioavailability and broadening the therapeutic arsenal. Its versatile surface allows for targeted modifications, enabling dual diagnosis and treatment (theranostics) tailored to individual needs. While challenges remain in optimizing drug loading and targeting specificity, albumin-based nanocarriers hold immense promise for revolutionizing personalized healthcare, delivering potent therapeutics with pinpoint accuracy. The burgeoning field of Nano drug delivery seeks to redefine therapeutic landscapes by engineering nanoscale carriers that meticulously deliver potent drugs to their designated targets, minimizing systemic exposure and maximizing therapeutic efficacy. This pursuit aligns perfectly with the burgeoning field of precision medicine, where personalized treatments demand exquisite control over drug delivery. Within this intricate choreography, albumin, the abundant and versatile protein resident in human plasma, emerges as a maestro, orchestrating a symphony of advantages that make it a prime candidate for Nano carrier construction.
Digitalization of Information on Sewage Treatment Facilities Implemented Under NGT in Mandya District
Authors: - Veena N. Murthy , - Dr. Krishna B. M. , - Dr. Arun Kumar K.
Published: January 2025

The National Green Tribunal (NGT), a pivotal force in environmental protection, has identified 351 polluted river stretches across all states in India. These polluted locations are categorized into priority classes based on Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) concentration. Understanding and addressing these identified polluted river stretches is crucial for restoring water quality and implementing appropriate action plans to mitigate pollution. In Karnataka, implementing agencies are creating infrastructure to prevent pollution of the river stretches as per the instructions of the Honorable National Green Tribunal. The current study, a significant contribution to the NGT's efforts, is focused on digitizing information about sewage treatment plants in the Mandya district using the QGIS software application. QGIS, a professional application built on Open-Source Software (FOSS) principles, is pivotal in digitizing assets by providing a platform for effectively managing spatial data, empowering us to make informed decisions. It is designed for viewing, editing, creating, evaluating, and publishing geospatial information. With its unique ability to address environmental challenges, this powerful tool is being utilized in the current study to digitize information about sewage treatment plants in the Mandya district, demonstrating the hopeful role of technology in addressing environmental challenges.
Revolutionizing Sales and Operations Planning with Artificial Intelligence: Insights and Results
Authors: - Luis Polo
Published: January 2025

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Sales an Operations Planning (S&OP) is an innovation in supply chain management. Extended traditional S&OP processes that involve static data, manual flow, and dispersed systems do not fit the needs of constantly evolving markets. In this paper, we consider some opportunities of AI in S&OP development and discuss the most significant changes ones, including predictive analytics, machine learning, and automation. The work being done by the research implies a case-based approach, using real-world situations in order to illustrate substantial gains in forecast precision, procedural organization and control, expenditure and financial leakage mitigation, as well as customer satisfaction. The capacity of AI that can offer to enhance decision-making and provide flexibility makes its position crucial in today’s SCMS. However, barriers including resistance from the organizational culture and employee skill deficiencies hold the key in preventing this from occurring. According to the recommendations drawn in this paper, the phases and training programmes shown in Figure 4 point the way towards bringing out the best of AI for successful S&OP modernisation.
Unpacking the Dynamics of Dance Troupes in the Central Region of Ghana: Functions, Perceptions, Motivations, Aspirations, and Social Networks
Authors: - Jason Otoo , - Latipher Amma Osei
Published: January 2025

This ethnographic study explores the multifaceted dynamics of dance troupes in the Central Region of Ghana, examining how perceptions, motivations, aspirations, social networks, and functions shape their activities and impact the broader community. Through participant observation and in-depth interviews with members of selected dance troupes in the Central Region, the research reveals a complex interplay of factors driving their continued participation. While a strong sense of cultural preservation and passion for dance are evident, aspirations for personal advancement, including travel abroad and interracial relationships, significantly influence members' involvement. The study identifies dance troupes' manifest functions (skill development, community engagement, economic activity) and latent functions (social cohesion, physical and mental well-being, knowledge dissemination). However, challenges such as financial instability, inter-troupe competition, and environmental concerns bring some dynamics to their work culture. The findings highlight a dichotomy between the troupes' stated aims and the individual motivations of their members, underscoring the need for a more nuanced understanding of the complex forces shaping the cultural landscape of Cape Coast's dance community.
Discarded and Resilient: Anjum’s Queer Motherhood in ‘The Ministry of Utmost Happiness’
Authors: - Claris Annie John , - Ritu Shepherd
Published: January 2025

Arundhati Roy's novel "The Ministry of Utmost Happiness" offers a poignant exploration of unconventional motherhood through the character of Anjum, a transgender woman living in Delhi. In this abstract, we delve into Anjum's portrayal as a discarded mother and the complexities of queer motherhood as depicted in Roy's narrative. Anjum's journey unfolds against the backdrop of societal marginalization and personal struggle, highlighting the intersectionality of her identity as a transgender individual and a mother. Estranged from her biological family due to her gender identity, Anjum finds solace and community in the "khwabgah" (a house for transgender individuals) where she becomes a nurturing figure to other marginalized individuals, forming her own unconventional family unit. Through Anjum's experiences, Roy challenges conventional notions of motherhood, portraying it as a fluid and inclusive concept that transcends biological ties. Anjum's maternal instincts and caregiving extend beyond traditional familial structures, encompassing a diverse array of individuals who find refuge in her warmth and compassion. However, Anjum's journey is fraught with heartache and loss, particularly in her quest to find and reconnect with her biological son. This aspect of her narrative underscores the challenges faced by queer individuals in navigating parenthood within a society that often fails to recognize their familial bonds and rights. By centering Anjum's story, "The Ministry of Utmost Happiness" sheds light on the resilience and strength of queer motherhood in the face of adversity. Through her journey, Roy celebrates the power of love and kinship to transcend societal norms and redefine the meaning of family. In this abstract, we will explore Anjum's portrayal as a discarded mother and the broader implications of queer motherhood as depicted in Roy's novel, highlighting its significance in challenging normative understandings of parenthood and family.
The Impact of Mycotoxins in the Food Industry: Occurrence, Detection, and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: - Urwashi Maurya A.
Published: January 2025

Mycotoxins: the invisible foes lurking in our food, crafted by sneaky fungi like Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. These toxic compounds might not be essential for their fungal creators, but they sure know how to wreak havoc on humans, animals, and even economies. From liver-wrecking aflatoxins to kidney-damaging ochratoxins, the lineup of these uninvited guests is as alarming as it is diverse. But don’t despair—this review dives into the fascinating world of mycotoxins, uncovering their origins, detection secrets, and the ingenious strategies employed to oust them from our food supply. With advanced tech like biosensors and molecular assays joining the fight, and biocontrol agents giving fungi a taste of their own medicine, the battle for safer, toxin-free food is well underway. Let’s decode the mysteries of mycotoxins and explore how science is turning the tide on these culinary saboteurs!
The Impact of Remote Work on Employee Engagement and Productivity
Authors: - DR RAJESH KUMAR
Published: January 2025

This research paper seeks to investigate the impact incidences of remote work on employee engagement and productivity, a very drastic shift introduced in the wake of the pandemic worldwide. Organizations have adapted with new work models, and its implication on workforce effectiveness. A mixed-methods research approach of primary research using a structure-based hypothetical questionnaire for quantitative analysis and subjecting it into secondary research through an exhaustive literature review process for qualitative insight was adopted. The findings indicate that even though remote work is flexible resulting in increased job satisfaction, it could lead to some complications such as isolation and barriers in communication. By analysing these dynamics, this study offers valuable recommendations for organizations seeking to optimize remote work practices, ultimately aiming to improve employee engagement and productivity in an increasingly digital work environment.
Shashi Deshpande's Feminist Perspective: A Voice For Indian Women
Authors: - Khairul Islam , - Tarali Nayak
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Shashi Deshpande is one of India’s most prominent feminist writers, known for her extraordinary portrayal of women’s struggles within the socio-cultural framework of Indian society. Through her novels and short stories, she explores the intricate gender dynamics, tradition, and identity, reflecting the realities of Indian middle-class women. Deshpande’s works are not just narratives of oppression but also highlight the emotional and psychological dilemmas faced by women and gives a vivid pen picture of patriarchy, empowerment and self-discovery. This article gives an idea about feminism and explores Deshpande’s feminist perspective through her select works ‘That Long Silence’, ‘The Dark Holds No Terrors’, and ‘A Matter of Time’. It examines how Deshpande redefines feminism in an Indian context, advocating for women’s agency, autonomy, and voice while acknowledging the complexity of their lived realities.
21st-Century Learning Skills and NEP 2020
Authors: - Vaishali Anand
Published: January 2025

The Government of India launched NEP 2020 as a comprehensive reform that focuses on revamping the Indian education system with a highlighting focus on the development of 21st-century skills. 4C’s refers to the learning skills i.e., creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, and communication as referred to by the Handbook of 21st-century Skills by CBSE. These skills and competencies are essential to prepare learners for the modern world which is technologically advanced and needs innovative problem-solving skills. There is a strong shift in focus from content-centric to a competency-based approach in NEP 2020.
Critical thinking encourages learners to engage deeply with the subject matter, rather than focusing on rote memorization. As per this policy, learners are encouraged to be involved in deep engagement, critical reflection, inquiry-based learning, and questioning, so that they can be nourished into independent, critical thinkers who are capable of making informed decisions in the evolving world (NCFSE, 2023). Creativity encourages learners to be involved in project-based assignments and hands-on activities. This encourages learners to think out of the box and apply their diverse solutions to real-world problems. Communication emphasizes the development of communication skills, both verbal and non-verbal.
Furthermore, NEP 2020 emphasizes fostering individual competencies along with the role of educators in effectively implementing the 4C’s of learning skills. Professional training for teachers on collaborative teaching methods, inquiry-based pedagogy, and project-based learning are proposed in this policy. NEP 2020 observes a shift in teacher-student relationships fostering collaboration and dynamic interaction. Also, integrating technology into the teaching-learning process is emphasized in this policy.
NEP 2020 reflects a strategic shift towards a more holistic, skill-based education system by integrating the 4C’s of Learning skills. This study with a Systematic Literature Review as research methodology seeks to explore in-depth NEP 2020 and the role of 4C’s in shaping 21st-century learning, thus transforming the Indian education system. Elaborated discussion about these skills, classroom activities fostering these skills and competencies achieved by integration of these skills are discussed in this study.
Decoding the Insanity Defence
Authors: - Astha Adhikari
Published: January 2025

The insanity defence exempts the mentally ill from criminal liability when they cannot appreciate the nature or consequences of their acts. The underpinning of the insanity defence is found in landmark cases like the McNaughton's Case and the ALI Test, among others. It reflects the principle that there can be no guilt without a proper act and a culpable mental state. Its application in this area falls at the interface of many complex questions on burden of proof, malingering, and standards of proof which raises expectations on scientifically validated psychiatric evaluation and procedural clarity. This defence also demands rigors for safeguards against its misuse and fairness in its practice. In Nepal, though the insanity defence is an established defence, it nonetheless remains plagued by judicial inconsistency, especially with regard to burden of proof. While the burden of proving unsoundness of mind normally lies with the accused, courts have in some instances shifted the burden onto the prosecution which results in erratic jurisprudence and precedents. These gaps indicate a reform that needs to be done which includes setting up clear evidentiary standards, better access to forensic psychiatrists, and improving collaboration between the legal and mental health sectors. By attending to these issues, Nepal will have considerably enhanced the fairness and harmony of its insanity defence with international norms.
Food Preferences By South Indians
Authors: - Rohi Suhane , - Shubhanshi Bakshi , - Sejal Soni
Published: January 2025

This extensive research delves into the intricate tapestry of food preferences among South
Indian populations, specifically in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra
Pradesh/Telangana. By meticulously analyzing historical records, contemporary surveys, and
emerging consumption patterns, this study offers a thorough understanding of how traditional
dietary habits interact with modern influences. The findings highlight a delicate balance
between cultural preservation and evolving consumer behavior. This dynamic interplay is
influenced by factors such as urbanization, health consciousness, and technological
advancements, which collectively shape South Indian food preferences while maintaining
cultural authenticity.
Exploring the Effects of Natural Antioxidants in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: - Sibi Gupta , - Shikha Shukla , - Sunita Ogale
Published: January 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly becoming a significant public health concern, highlighting an urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies. This comprehensive review delves into the potential of natural antioxidants, such as Curcuminoids, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Resveratrol in preventing and treating these diseases. We examine the existing evidence for the neuroprotective effects of these compounds, discuss their underlying mechanisms, and emphasize their potential role as adjunctive therapies for neurodegenerative conditions
AYUSH Virtual Garden
Authors: - Harshal Jagadish Lanke , - Harshada Thorat , - Ayush Katkar , - Pooja Dumbre , - Prof. Swati Singh
Published: January 2025

The AYUSH Virtual Garden is an interactive platform that educates users about medicinal plants integral to Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. It offers a digital space to explore plant characteristics, growth cycles, and therapeutic benefits, blending real-life gardening with traditional healing practices. By using advanced visualization and interactive tools, it fosters understanding of natural healing and promotes holistic health, contributing to the preservation and dissemination of traditional medicinal knowledge in the digital age.
Exploring Ethnic Identity: A Pragmatic Study of the Selected Borok Folktales of Tripura
Authors: - Banani Das , - Shekhar Chakraborty
Published: January 2025

North East part of India is phenomenal for its variety prevailed in its culture, language, religion, myth, literature and many more. Most of the communities of this region can take pride of themselves for possessing their own literature, especially the folk tales. The present study is a reread of some selected folktales of the indigenous Borok story tellers of Tripura and tries to focus how these folk tales have become an important medium to create mass awareness about the cultural heritage, tradition and social values of the aboriginal communities of the tiny and beautiful state Tripura.
The Impact of National Service Scheme (NSS) on Social Norms and Values of Higher Education Students
Authors: - SANJOY MUDI , - TUHIN KUMAR SAMANTA
Published: January 2025

This research paper explores the impact of the ‘National Service Scheme’ (NSS) on ‘social norms’ and ‘values’ of higher education students, analysing how participation in community service activities influences individuals’ attitudes and behaviours. The ‘NSS’, established with the aim of promoting social welfare, ‘volunteerism’, and ‘civic responsibility’ among young people, plays a pivotal role in shaping the social fabric of communities. This study examines the program's effectiveness in fostering values such as ‘empathy’, ‘equality’, ‘social justice’, and ‘active citizenship’, as well as its influence on challenging entrenched social norms, such as caste discrimination and ‘gender inequality’. Through qualitative interviews with ‘NSS’ volunteers and case studies of ‘NSS’-led initiatives, the research highlights how the program contributes to personal development and social change. The findings highlight the program’s role in promoting a sense of ‘civic duty’, breaking down ‘traditional barriers’, and cultivating ‘values’ of inclusivity, ‘volunteerism’, and ‘social justice’. Ultimately, this research emphasizes the ‘NSS’s’ potential as a transformative tool for social change, particularly in fostering ‘progressive values’ among the higher education students.
Review on X-ray Based Analytical Techniques
Authors: - G. J. Naga Raju
Published: January 2025

This literature review underscores the fundamental importance of X-ray based analytical techniques in contemporary science, highlighting their evolving role in advancing material characterization. While the reviewed studies collectively illustrate the great potential and versatility of these methods, addressing the
identified limitations and exploring new avenues of research remain crucial steps in fully harnessing the capabilities of X-ray analysis for future scientific endeavors. Through continued innovation and collaboration, the field is poised for further breakthroughs that could fundamentally alter the landscape of material analysis and characterization, ultimately leading to significant advancements in industry and academia alike.
AI-driven Innovations in Electric and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles for Advancing Sustainable Mobility Solutions
Authors: - C KARUPPANASAMY
Published: January 2025

The transition to sustainable mobility has gained significant momentum with the increasing adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCVs). These technologies promise reduced greenhouse gas emissions, enhanced energy efficiency and greater reliance on renewable energy sources. However, challenges such as limited infrastructure, battery performance, hydrogen storage and system integration hinder widespread adoption. Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have emerged as transformative solutions to address these challenges, offering innovative approaches in battery management, thermal optimization, autonomous driving, smart charging and cybersecurity. This paper explores AI-driven innovations that optimize EV and HFCV systems, integrate renewable energy, and improve operational safety and efficiency. Additionally, it examines global trends, comparative analyses and the infrastructure evolution required to accelerate sustainable mobility. By leveraging AI, this study envisions a future where EVs and HFCVs coexist seamlessly, creating a robust ecosystem for sustainable transportation.
Potential Application of Aloe Vera l-Derived Plant-Based Cells and Investigation of the Impact of Recycled Manganese, Sulfate, and Zinc from Batteries as a Fertilizer
Authors: - Kirti Sapkal , - Avishkar Chondhe , - Rupali Taur
Published: January 2025

Electrical energy harvested from living plants, offering a sustainable renewable energy source for powering battery replacement or recharging. This research proposes a power management circuit to harness and store energy from the leaves of Aloe Vera L. for activating a transmitter. The system comprises an energy storage reservoir and a voltage regulation circuit to boost and manage the harvested energy. Experimental results show that Aloe Vera can generate 1.72V, which can be boosted to V under no load conditions. The harvested energy powers a transmitter that activates a temperature and proving its potential for powering the battery cell. E-waste, particularly from dry cell batteries, is rapidly increasing and contributing to environmental pollution through the leaching of toxic heavy metals into soil and groundwater. This poses significant risks, including contamination of agricultural fields. In response, Aloe Vera-based batteries have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional dry cells. This study explores public awareness of harmful chemicals in traditional batteries and their acceptance of Aloe Vera as a sustainable material for battery production. Our findings suggest that recycled manganese, sulphate and zink from dry cell batteries can be an effective and sustainable solution to improve crop yield in regions with micronutrient-deficient soils.
Revolutionizing Orthopedics: The Role of Regenerative Medicine in Healing and Repair
Authors: - Sujeet Kumar Chaudhary , - Sagar Meena
Published: January 2025

Background: Regenerative medicine is emerging as a game-changer in orthopedic treatments, offering solutions for tissue repair that go beyond symptom management. Biological therapies such as stem cells, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and tissue engineering aim to restore normal tissue function. With over 500 million individuals affected by osteoarthritis, the need for effective, non-invasive therapies is urgent.
Methods: This review examines key studies on regenerative medicine, focusing on stem cell therapy, PRP, and tissue engineering. Databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinical trial repositories were searched for relevant studies from 2015-2023.
Results: Stem cell therapy for osteoarthritis has demonstrated a 65% success rate in clinical trials, with significant pain reduction and improved joint function. PRP therapy has shown to decrease recovery time by 30% in tendon injuries. Tissue engineering offers promising advances, with bioengineered scaffolds improving cartilage regeneration in 75% of animal models.
Conclusion: Regenerative medicine holds the potential to transform orthopedic care by reducing the need for invasive procedures and improving long-term outcomes. However, large-scale trials are necessary to establish standardized treatment protocols.
Harnessing the Deep: Development of an Innovative Underwater Power Generation System for Sustainable Energy Harvesting
Authors: - Koushik Paul , - Abhisri Dugar , - ABHRADEEP HAZRA , - Diksha kumari
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
The proposed project would be an innovative underwater bio-mimetic robot that is supposed to be able to move with autonomous navigation and work freely in deep-sea areas. It will be the new target for exploration and rescue missions. The new robot, in this context, will take the best qualities of the marine organism represented by an octopus or a manta ray for the current underwater robotic system, giving it very adaptable, efficient, and quiet movement. It will come out with a flexible articulated body structure that, being composed of shape-memory alloys and advanced polymer-based materials, will slide through the complex aquatic terrain.

Advanced AI-based situational awareness of the robot will allow it to recognize and interact with objects and environments using sensor fusion techniques such as sonar, lidar, and bio-acoustic echolocation. Its lifespan and resistance to damage will be increased by using self-healing material technologies. The tether-free cutting-edge communication mechanism will be based on underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) and will ensure robust data transmission in the deep-sea context.

This innovation will fill the long-sought gap in underwater exploration and search-and-rescue operations in hazardous or inaccessible areas, such as deep oceanic trenches and under-ice regions. It is to be designed to function independently for long periods using power-efficient modular battery packs inductively charged by marine renewable energy sources. It involves principles of robotics, biomimicry, AI, and material science. It promises an advancement in deep-sea technology never achieved before.
Lifestyle of Women In Tea Garden Community: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: - Shilpi Das , - Doyel Karmakar
Published: January 2025

Tea is integral part of our society. Popularity of tea as a beverage was established by the British East India Company. However, the soothing aroma and delicate beauty of tea conceal the harsh reality of the heavy labor of tea garden workers, specifically women. More than fifty percent of workers in tea industry are women. So, the economic role of women in tea industry is very crucial. In the tea garden community women are the primary breadwinners and men livelihood depend on them. They manage both domestic responsibilities and work in tea estate from early in the morning to evening. Despite this, in their community women receive limited recognition and value. They also struggle for decent education, healthcare, living conditions, and safety. To better understand their circumstances, a systematic review was conducted to provide an overview of lifestyle of the female tea garden community. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) was used to identify, screening the article then eligible articles were included. A total number of 932 studies were eligible for systematic review. Most of the studies were obtained from Google Scholar, followed by Science Direct and Eric. Only 16 studies were included in our study. Based on these studies, educational and financial condition are the major factor that effect their lifestyle. Studies pointed out tea community women are in most vulnerable position. Every aspect of their lifestyle is filled with difficulties from their early marriage to discrepancies in wages. So, there is a need for evidence based, comprehensive intervention procedures to uplift the women’s lifestyle of tea community.
Structural Changes as a Result of Dialect Contact
Authors: - Ranjan Kumar
Published: January 2025

It is commonly believed that “morph-syntactic structures are faithfully transmitted across generations, and are not transferred from language to language in normal linguistic development” (Labov 2007). The present paper focuses on two morpho-syntactic changes that Bajjika, traditionally considered a dialect of Maithili is undergoing due to dialect contact with Bhojpuri, a western Bihari Language. The study focuses on the new present tense marker –la and the new auxiliary hawe. These two forms in Bajjika are not attested in literary texts and nor in the first Linguistic Survey of India (Grierson, 1903). The strong hypothesis of the paper is that these forms are a comparatively recent arrival in the language in terms of diffusion from the West where Bhojpuri is spoken.