bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects for Export of Goods from Turkey to the European Union Countries in the Context of Carbon Taxation
Authors: Kashbrasiev R. V.
Published: May 2024

The subject of the study is the carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM), one of the European climate regulation tools aimed at curbing the “carbon leakage” that occurs when importing goods from countries with less stringent climate regulation to countries with more stringent regulation. For this reason, the carbon tax affects the interests of exporters of carbon-intensive goods to the EU, especially Russia, Turkey, China, which will suffer the greatest damage. The purpose of the paper is to assess the dynamics of the export of Turkish goods to the EU countries and to determine Turkey’s position on the introduction of a carbon tax. One of the main tasks of the work is to determine the extent to which Turkey supports Russia in the EU’s opposition to the introduction of this tax. The research methodology is based on the use of statistical analysis methods (sampling, comparison, grouping, etc.) and analysis of identified trends. An analysis of the dynamics and structure of trade between the EU and Turkey led to the following results: 1) Turkey is one of the leading countries exporting carbon-intensive products to the EU; 2) The existence of a weak dependence of the EU on carbon-intensive Turkish goods due to the differentiation of its imports and, conversely, a strong dependence of the Turkish economy on the EU due to the significant orientation of Turkish exports to EU markets. It is concluded that Turkey is in a difficult situation in connection with the CBAM. On the one hand, there is a threat of a decrease in the competitiveness of products of the cement, mechanical, and metallurgical industries; on the other hand, national companies are successfully integrated into European production chains, and the strategy of adaptation to the European Green Deal may be preferable both for them and the national economy as a whole. Therefore, there is a possibility that Turkey will take a “pro-European” position. If a “pro-European” position prevails, this will create additional risks for the Russian Federation in the fight against EU carbon taxation.
Forecasting the Turkish lira Exchange Rates Through Univariate Techniques: Can the Simple Models Outperform the Sophisticated Ones?
Authors: Sarkandiz M. R. , Ghayekhloo S.
Published: May 2024

The Central Bank of Turkey’s policy to decrease the nominal interest rate has caused episodes of severe fluctuations in Turkish lira exchange rates during 2022. According to these conditions, the daily return of the USD/TRY have attracted the risk-taker investors’ attention. Therefore, the uncertainty about the rates has pushed algorithmic traders toward finding the best forecasting model. While there is a growing tendency to employ sophisticated models to forecast financial time series, in most cases, simple models can provide more precise forecasts. To examine that claim, present study has utilized several models to predict daily exchange rates for a short horizon. Interestingly, the simple exponential smoothing model outperformed all other alternatives. Besides, in contrast to the initial inferences, the time series neither had structural break nor exhibited signs of the ARCH and leverage effects. Despite that behavior, there was undeniable evidence of a long-memory trend. That means the series tends to keep a movement, at least for a short period. Finally, the study concluded the simple models provide better forecasts for exchange rates than the complicated approaches.
GAMIFICATION OF EDUCATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: Pobryzghaieva Valentyna , Nalyvaiko Oleksii
Published: May 2024

The use of gamification in elementary school is a modern approach aimed at improving learning and increasing students' interest in the learning process. This approach makes it possible to improve the effectiveness of education, involve students in active participation and develop various important skills. Due to the use of modern technologies and changing approaches to education, gamification has become a powerful tool for stimulating the learning process in elementary school. This article examines methodological aspects of using gamification in the educational process of elementary school students. Considering the growing interest in the use of game elements in education, special attention is paid to the analysis of various methods and approaches to the implementation of gamification in the educational process. Strategies for developing gamified lessons, selecting appropriate game elements and integrating them into the curriculum to achieve optimal results are considered. The importance of a methodical approach to the introduction of gamification into the educational process of elementary school is analyzed in order to optimize the quality of education and attract students to active participation in educational activities. Theoretical sources from the pedagogical and psychological fields, as well as practical research on the use of gamification in education, are considered. The online platforms Matific, Learning.ua, Math Learning service, Smart Kids project and «Child Development» were used for the analysis. These tools allow students to be actively involved in learning, adapt the material to their needs, overcome geographical barriers and ensure more effective learning. When choosing educational services, elementary school teachers should take into account the age and development of children, as well as the coherence of the curriculum and values to ensure successful learning and development of students. The main requirements for the implementation of methodological aspects of gamification of the educational process of elementary school include: 1) clear identification of optimal strategies and methods of gamification, as well as 2) development of recommendations for teachers regarding their practical application in the educational process. Teachers can use the findings to create interesting and effective lessons, which contribute to the active involvement of students in the learning process and improve their learning results. In general, we note that the popularity of games among students is explained not only by the very fact of their existence, but also by the satisfaction of the game process itself, the quick feedback and the satisfaction of solving tasks. This can significantly increase the effectiveness of learning and the involvement of students in gaining new knowledge.
PROJECT ACTIVITY OF COLLEGE STUDENTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL USING THE KEYBOARD TRAINER «KEYBOARD ALPHABET»
Authors: Rybalko Olga
Published: May 2024

In this article, the author describes an experiment conducted by college students in the process of teaching computer science in elementary school. All students in elementary school know how to type. But the problem is that they type it with one hand. Students use tablets and smartphones long before they start studying computer science at school. Because of this, they confidently type text with 1-2 fingers of one hand. Teachers spend a lot of effort teaching younger students how to use the computer keyboard correctly.

It was decided to conduct an experiment. This experiment lasted more than one year, in the second and third grades. The author of the article created a keyboard simulator «Keyboard Alphabet» for second-grade students. The purpose of using the simulator is to develop students' ability to type the letters of the Ukrainian alphabet with both hands, using the appropriate fingers. This simulator was created in the Adobe Animate environment using the Action Script 3.0 programming language. The ability to create this tutorial refutes the attitude of programmers to Adobe Animate as a tool for creating only animation. Adobe Animate is a powerful environment for creating electronic educational resources.

The «Keyboard Alphabet» trainer consists of electronic pages. Each letter has one electronic page. Students have the opportunity to enter both uppercase and lowercase letters of the Ukrainian alphabet. The simulator is designed in such a way that younger students can independently check the correctness of entering a letter. In the process, students can use a hint. The hint can be called up or hidden by clicking on the corresponding interactive elements.

In the 3rd grade, while studying the topic "Word Processor", future teachers checked the results of their work. It turned out that those students who were asked to work with the keyboard simulator almost all try to type with both hands. In addition, they enter letters from the keyboard faster. And children with disabilities have the opportunity to improve their typing skills. The students decided to continue the experiment. In the future, they plan to investigate whether using the same simulator, but with letters of the English alphabet, will help learn English.
BUILDING AN INDIVIDUAL LEARNING PATH FOR STUDENTS USING LMS MOODLE
Authors: Sayapina Taisia , Korolchuk Valentyna , Voloshyna Tetiana , Sydoruk Yelyzaveta
Published: May 2024

In the modern environment of a higher education institution, an individual approach to learning is becoming increasingly important to maximize the efficiency of the educational process, improve the quality of education, and meet the needs of each student. The article investigates the capabilities of the Moodle learning management system for the implementation of individual student learning trajectories, which will consider both the level of initial and intermediate knowledge and the student's learning style: auditory, visual, digital, and kinesthetic. The functionalities of the LMS Moodle learning management system for personalizing training courses, and creating various types of educational content and assessment tools that will contribute to the effective learning of each student, taking into account their individual needs and capabilities by building an individual student trajectory are considered. The article demonstrates an example of successful implementation of an individual learning path using Moodle resources in a higher education institution, presents the procedure for forming an individual educational path of students based on the resources of the Moodle LMS, and discusses the advantages of this approach for the training and development of modern students. To determine the level of satisfaction of students, an online survey was conducted among 34 students majoring in 126 "Information Systems and Technologies" at the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULES) who studied according to the implemented individual trajectory using the LMS Moodle within the Information Technology course. As a result, a conclusion was made about the positive impact of personalization of learning by selecting different types of resources considering the learning style (according to the VARK model) of the student and learning on an individual trajectory on their level of satisfaction.
PROGRAMMING THROUGH IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECTS: STRATEGIES
Authors: Chernikova Liudmyla , Kvak Pavlo
Published: May 2024

The article examines the project-based learning method in the context of teaching programming. The historical aspect of the origin of the project-based learning method, which dates back to the 20th century, is described and found to be an effective means of stimulating critical thinking, developing team skills, and increasing student motivation. Key characteristics and principles of the project-based method are presented.

The authors provide practical examples of educational institutions where the project-based method has been successfully integrated. The results have shown its utility in both higher and secondary education. A particular case of successful application of the project method in teaching programming, the "Code in the Classroom" project (USA), which showcases its distinct effectiveness, is discussed. A structure of the project approach to teaching programming is proposed, and practical recommendations for step-by-step development of school programming projects are developed. Through this method, students have the opportunity to deeply immerse themselves in the subject and convert theoretical knowledge into practical skills by implementing specific projects. However, for effective integration of the method, it is essential to ensure quality preparation of methodological and didactic materials, judiciously combine theory and practice, and consider individual student characteristics.

It is proven that modern technologies play a crucial role in supporting the project-based method. The authors argue that combining this method with other pedagogical approaches, especially gamification, can further enhance its effectiveness. At the same time, it is noted that successful implementation of the method requires substantial resources, qualified educators, and a cautious approach to curriculum realization.

Future research may include studying the impact of various technological tools on the project-based method, as well as adapting this method to different cultural and social contexts.
NOTION AS A TOOL FOR SUPPORTING GROUP DYNAMICS IN THE PROCESS OF EDUCATIONAL PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Kuzminska Olena , Pohrebniak Denys
Published: May 2024

To remain competitive and cope with the ever-increasing complexity of the global economy and the changing work environment, particularly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, institutions and businesses rely on teams that are adaptable and constantly learning. Intragroup dynamics are a major factor influencing team performance. Therefore, the formation of a high degree of readiness of students for effective team interaction is one of the tasks of modern higher education. Based on the results of an analysis of scientific publications, it was determined that there is no fixed algorithm for improving intragroup dynamics: it depends on the complexity of the tasks, the method of team building, the maturity of the team, the availability of tools, technical and technological support. A pedagogical experiment conducted at the he National University of Life and Environmental Sciences (NULES) of Ukraine as part of teaching the discipline “Group Dynamics and Communications” is the basis for determining the potential of using Notion as a tool for supporting group dynamics of self-organizing teams in the process of implementing educational projects. The article provides an example of using Notion to manage an educational project and monitor group dynamics according to B. Tuckman's team development model, as well as the results of an expert evaluation confirming the effectiveness of using this tool to support team interaction. The development of a methodology for using Notion to support various types of student learning activities is considered an area for further research.
ACTIVE DISTANCE LEARNING FOR TUTORS
Authors: Kukharenko Volodymyr , Farafonov Volodymyr , Barkatov Igor , Tiurin Valeriy , Goncharuk Sergiy , Lozko Andriy
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic made the most of universities' teaching staff involved in emergency distance learning. Yet, about 80% of the staff was unfamiliar with the distance technologies, especially with the process of distance learning. The previous experience of preparing teachers to distance learning has revealed the presence of significant psychological barriers to synchronous and asynchronous communication. At the same time, the system of refresher training almost does not help due to the excessive workload of teachers.

The paper offers an option for training tutors, in which the university teachers are provided with access to general-purpose distance courses created by experts. Teachers register in the distance course "Practicum of the Tutor " where they master the theories and technologies of distance learning and gain practical skills during conducting classes with their students, who are registered in the above mentioned courses. Such training resembles the on-the-job training, which is very popular in Western countries.

The " Practicum of the Tutor" course was delivered to 74 teachers. 11 teachers have successfully completed the course, among them 7 teachers have involved 132 students in expert-made distance courses.

The research demonstrated the effectiveness of training tutors on the basis of high-quality expert-made distance courses with the participation of their developers and the simultaneous conduction of the learning process with students. The experience of on-the-job training is used to support teachers in the course "Practice of blended learning" during the semester.

The results of the student survey were discussed at a Round table at the Institute. The attention of teachers who develop and work with distance courses was focused on the problems indicated in the questionnaire, and the ways to further improve the educational web resources of the Institute were developed.
METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES OF USING COMICS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINING
Authors: Shkurenko Oleksandra
Published: May 2024

The article examines the peculiarities of preparing primary school teachers to create educational comics and the possibility of using them in the educational process of primary school as a technology for visualising educational material. It analyses scientific sources in order to understand modern pedagogical approaches to the use of digital resources for the organisation of the studied process in higher education institutions. The domestic and foreign pedagogical experience of using educational comics in education is generalised. The current state of future teachers' readiness to apply pedagogical cases of creating and implementing media products for educational purposes is determined. The modern online resources used to organise the work of teachers in the development and implementation of educational media products for the NUS are analysed and systematised. The authors describe the age restrictions on the use of digital resources, the openness of programs and restrictions on their use, the convenience and sufficiency of ready-made templates of characters and scenes in the program, etc. The authors presented a methodology for creating educational comics, taking into account the technical capabilities of existing digital resources. They demonstrated the benefits of using comics in the educational process of training primary school teachers in the classes of the courses "Information and Technology Education with Teaching Methods" and "Information and Technology Education" and at meetings of the NUS Mentoring Studio. The article presents a selection and analysis of the available platforms for creating comics, which are most often used by educators in the educational process. A detailed analysis of modern digital resources has made it possible to identify the peculiarities of their use in the process of professional training of future teachers in the current conditions of martial law in order to develop the professional competencies of students. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Pedagogical Education of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University during the organisation of the educational process and student internships in general secondary education institutions. Student works, surveys and observations made it possible to identify effective digital platforms for creating and using comics in school practice (in particular, Canva, Pixton, StoryboardThat, My Storybook) by students of speciality 013 "Primary Education".
THE SYNERGY OF ART AND TECHNICS: DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS OF MUSICAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Ostretsova Tetiana , Ostretsov Dmytro
Published: May 2024

This article explores contemporary trends in the development of music information technologies, which refinement constitutes a key factor in the advancement of the music industry. The paper analyzes the advantages and challenges associated with these trends, while also forecasting potential directions for the future development of music information technologies. With an interdisciplinary approach at the intersection of musical art and information technologies, the research highlights the impact of modern technologies, the evolution of microelectronics, computers, and artificial intelligence on music creation and music education. Specifically, the transformation processes of physical sound devices into a virtual dimension are examined. The authors propose a definition of the concept of music information technologies as a symbiosis of information technologies and musical art. In other words, music information technologies are information technologies that address, work on, or influence processes within the field of musical art. The authors conclude that studying the issues related to the functioning of music society created through music information technologies is a promising direction in musicology, music education, and related fields. Based on the analysis of Music Information Technologies trends, it is noted that manufacturers of musical equipment and software developers are gradually transitioning to electronic versions of documentation and video tutorials. Trends include an increase in the number of music file formats, higher sampling frequencies, and the resolution of musical digital systems. The authors highlight the development of specialized digital workstations and other software compatible with general standards but specialized for specific individual physical devices or controllers. The article also anticipates the creation of new methods for controlling musical instruments and devices, widespread use of cloud technologies, and artificial intelligence.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TRAINING AND COMPETITIVE PROCESS OF ELITE ATHLETES IN SPORTS GAMES
Authors: Viktoriia Nagorna , Artur Mytko , Olha Borysova , Iryna Shlyapnikova , Liubov Zhyhailova
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The integration of modern technologies is crucial for enhancing elite athlete training,
offering cutting-edge tools for performance optimization. The widespread use of
technology in elite sports, including video assistant referees and wearable sensors,
providing real-time biomechanical oversight, challenges related to ethics, data protection,
and regulatory frameworks require resolution for widespread implementation.
This study aims to conduct a thorough assessment of the integration of modern technologies,
specifically examining their efficacy in optimizing the training performance and
competitive outcomes of elite athletes in sports games.
Material and Methods. Bibliometric techniques and expert evaluations were used to determine the
modern trends in innovative technologies to improve the effectiveness of elite athletes`
preparation. A thorough biomechanical analysis utilizing diverse methods was
performed on 41 elite athletes in sports games.
Results. The examination of sports science literature and expert assessments unveils predominant
trends in the utilization of innovative technologies in elite sports, with a particular
emphasis on the widespread adoption of wearable technology, biomechanics and
motion analysis, and recovery and regeneration techniques. The outcomes from
OpenCap biomechanical analysis show a high correlation (r=0.99, α = 0.05) between the
symmetry of knee joint angles during barbell squats by elite athletes, confirming the
efficacy of real-time monitoring exercise techniques. The Romberg coefficient of 194.5%
± 2.47 indicates a notable degree of stability among elite athletes.
Conclusions. This study enhances the comprehension of innovative technologies, exemplified by
OpenCap biomechanical analysis, and their effectiveness in optimizing the training
performance and competitive outcomes of elite athletes in sports games. The findings
provide valuable insights for coaches, sports scientists, and researchers aiming to
optimize training methods and elevate athlete performance in sports games.
ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE PROBLEM OF TRAINING SPORTSMEN OF DIFFERENT GAME AMPLOYMENT IN COMMAND GAME SPORTS
Authors: Olha Borysova , Myroslav Dutchak , Olha Shlonska
Published: May 2024

Introduction.The construction of an effective system of training of qualified athletes in game sports
should be based on the preparation of players of different game roles, where the
determining factor is the specificity of competitive activity of players in certain types of
team game sports. Formation of game playing roles is a necessary component, with the
help of which it becomes possible to clearly distribute the responsibilities of athletes
during the game, which makes it possible to turn competitive activity into a complex
organizationally controlled system.
The aim of the study is to determine the main trends in the training of players of different game
roles of team game sports according to the data of modern special scientific and
methodological literature.
Material and methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources and data in the
Internet, generalization, comparison and contrast.
Results. The analysis of publications in the international scientometric databases Scopus and Web
of Science in the period from 2019 to 2023 allowed us to establish that the majority of
scientific works concerning the system of training athletes in different types of team
game sports are presented in the direction of control of different aspects of fitness (33%)
and determination of the structure of competitive activity (23%). The largest number of
scientific works in the scientometric bases is presented in soccer and basketball 6%
respectively.
Conclusions. It is emphasized the necessity of taking into account individual capabilities of athletes
in team game sports when forming game roles, completing the starting line-up of the
team, searching for universal players, which will allow to carry out not only effective
management of competitive activity, but also to determine the trends that should be
taken into account when building a multi-year process of sports improvement.
PREVENTIVE AND REHABILITATION TECHNOLOGIES OF PRIMARY FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF THE ARCH OF THE FOOT IN CHILDREN 3–5 YEARS OLD BASED ON GAME EXERCISES WITH FOOTBALL ELEMENTS
Authors: Eduard Doroshenko , Yevhen Mykhaliuk , Olena Alypova , Ievgenii Maramukha , Vladislav Tsyganok , Olexandr Cherepok
Published: May 2024

Introduction. According to modern data of scientists, the arches of a person's foot are formed and changed during the ontogenetic development of his organism, but the most intensive period falls on the age range from the first years of life to 6–7 years. That is why, violations and deformations of the arch of the foot occupy one of the leading places among pre-morbid and pre-morbid conditions of the musculoskeletal system of preschool children.

The aim of the study is to substantiate and develop preventive and rehabilitation technologies for primary functional disorders of the arch of the foot in children 3–5 years old based on game exercises with football elements.

Materials and methods. Methods: analysis, generalization and systematization of data from scientific and methodical literature; clinical and pedagogical observations; podometry; testing the physical fitness of children 3–5 years old who are engaged in game exercises with elements of football; expert assessment of learning different ways of handling the ball by children 3–5 years old who are engaged in game exercises with elements of football with primary manifestations of functional disorders of the arch of the foot; pedagogical experiment; methods of mathematical statistics.

Experimental studies were conducted in the period from February 2022 to April 2023 during. The contingent of participants is 38 children aged 3–5 years who are engaged in game exercises with elements of football. The research base is the children's and youth football «Cossack League», an associate member of the Zaporizhzhia Regional Football Association.

Results. The preventive and rehabilitation technology of primary functional disorders of the arch of the foot in children 3–5 years old who are engaged in game exercises with elements of football is designed for a one-year macro cycle of training and was implemented on the basis of the children's and youth football «Cossack League», which is an associate member of the Zaporizhzhia Regional Football Association. The implementation of a complex program for the prevention of primary functional disorders of the arch of young football players 3–5 years old was carried out during the preparatory, main and final stages of the annual macrocycle of training. Experimental studies testify to the effectiveness of the developed technology.

Conclusions. As the main means of preventive and rehabilitation technology for primary functional disorders of the arch of the foot in children 3–5 years old who are engaged in game exercises with elements of football, varieties of morning hygienic gymnastics, therapeutic gymnastics with the use of systematic physical exercises, training classes with the use of special therapeutic exercises of health and corrective orientation; massage procedures and orthopedic measures.
Learning-Based Models for Building User Profiles for Personalized Information Access
Authors: Sassi Hidri Minyar
Published: May 2024

Aim/Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the success of deep learning in building user profiles for personalized information access.

Background: To better express document content and information during the matching phase of the information retrieval (IR) process, deep learning architectures could potentially offer a feasible and optimal alternative to user profile building for personalized information access.

Methodology: This study uses deep learning-based models to deduce the domain of the document deemed implicitly relevant by a user that corresponds to their center of interest, and then used predicted domain by the best given architecture with user’s characteristics to predict other centers of interest.

Contribution: This study contributes to the literature by considering the difference in vocabulary used to express document content and information needs. Users are integrated into all research phases in order to provide them with relevant information adapted to their context and their preferences meeting their precise needs. To better express document content and information during this phase, deep learning models are employed to learn complex representations of documents and queries. These models can capture hierarchical, sequential, or attention-based patterns in textual data.

Findings: The results show that deep learning models were highly effective for building user profiles for personalized information access since they leveraged the power of neural networks in analyzing and understanding complex patterns in user behavior, preferences, and user interactions.

Recommendations for Practitioners: Building effective user profiles for personalized information access is an ongoing process that requires a combination of technology, user engagement, and a commitment to privacy and security.

Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers involved in building user profiles for personalized information access play a crucial role in advancing the field and developing more innovative deep-based networks solutions by exploring novel data sources, such as biometric data, sentiment analysis, or physiological signals, to enhance user profiles. They can investigate the integration of multimodal data for a more comprehensive understanding of user preferences.

Impact on Society: The proposed models can provide companies with an alternative and sophisticated recommendation system to foster progress in building user profiles by analyzing complex user behavior, preferences, and interactions, leading to more effective and dynamic content suggestions.

Future Research: The development of user profile evolution models and their integration into a personalized information search system may be confronted with other problems such as the interpretability and transparency of the learning-based models. Developing interpretable machine learning techniques and visualization tools to explain how user profiles are constructed and used for personalized information access seems necessary to us as a future extension of our work.
Transmural migration of surgical sponge evacuated by defecation
Authors: Iqbal Javaid , Afzal Mian , Khan Muhammad Ajmal
Published: May 2024

A 40 years male had exploratory laparotomy for gunshot injury abdomen. He had jejunal resection and end to end anastomosis. His post-operative recovery was unremarkable and was discharged on 6th post operative day. Three weeks after discharge, he came back in surgical OPD. He had off and on pyrexia and pus discharging from the upper end of laparotomy wound. He was admitted and the upper part of the incision opened in emergency department and wound washed with normal saline. The discharge of pus persisted alongwith episodes of fever. The abdominal examination was unremarkable and DRE was inconclusive. We suspected retained abdominal sponge. His plain X-ray abdomen was inconclusive and abdominal ultrasonography showed 7 x 5 cm cavity in upper abdominal wall at the site of pussy discharge, no other finding in rest of abdomen. On the next operating list, the wound in the upper abdomen was explored and the cavity containing pus washed with normal saline. No extension of the cavity found to the rest of the abdomen. Patient’s fever settled and pus from the wound decreased. Patient was discharged and advised dressing and follow-up visits to OPD. Seven days after discharge from the hospital, He appeared in OPD with complaint of lower abdominal pain. His abdomen was soft and rest of examination was unremarkable. Investigations were also inconclusive. He came in the evening and in the same night he defecated the abdominal sponge. His condition improved and was discharged after two days.
Tuberculosis of the liver
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ajmal , Iqbal Javed , Ahmed Janbaz
Published: May 2024

A fifty years old lady underwent elective extended right hemicolectomy for a mass of ascending and transverse colon along with incision and drainage of abscess in the right lobe of liver. Histopathology turned out to be tuberculous liver abscess and tuberculous colitis. Although tuberclosis is very common in our country, but tuberculosis of liver is rare this case is one of that, showing the decreased immunity of the patient and local spread of disease. The tuberculous liver abscess is rare[1], when present is associated with focus of infection in the lungs or the GIT.
Self insertion of male urethral foreign body. Its endoscopic management.
Authors: Malik Muhammad Akram , Malik Naveed Ashraf , Subhani Ghulam Mehboob , Malik Muhammad Tahir Bashir , Javed Safdar Hassan , Iqbal Zahid
Published: May 2024

Numerous cases of self inflicted foreign bodies in Urethra has been reported [1,2,3]. Objects were fish hooks, metal rods, hair pins, pellets, screws, wires, wooden sticks/match sticks et. Most cases are associated with psychiatric disorders, senility, intoxication or autoerotic stimulation. Patients often present with dysuria, haematuria, pyuria, increased urinary frequency, urinary retention, penile swelling, perineal swelling, urethral fistulas [4]. Diagnosis is based largely on history and clinical examination, however radiological and cystoscopic studies are required to confirm diagnosis and plan management [5]. The management include extraction of foreign body and prevention of long term complication, in addition to assessment of patients motivation and psychiatrist help may be required [6,7]. In this report we present a typical case of self insertion of foreign body.
Study the Effect of Hybrid Nanofillers Content on the X-ray Diffraction and Thermal Conductivity Properties of Epoxy-Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Alhussiny Hajer , Albozahid Muayad
Published: May 2024

High-performance polymer nanocomposites utilizing different-sized nanofillers had a lot of interest recently. Due to their distinct structural, and thermal characteristics. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and nanoclay (NC) have the most interest among the numerous types of reinforcing as filler elements for a polymer. The formation of hybrid from MWCNT and NC at various loadings (0.5%, 1%, and 2wt%) on the characteristics of epoxy polymer have been assessed in this work. The specimens have been created using solution blending procedures with the addition of solvent ethanol at a ratio of 1:1 for dispersed nanofillers, and then they have been re-mixed with epoxy. Tests like X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal conductivity were used to identify properties of epoxy. According to the test results, the thermal conductivity rise as the filler content rises at 1wt%, then start to decrease after 1wt%. The sample with the hybrid filler loading of 1 wt% produced the best performance. Since hybrid epoxy exhibits the best result of the thermal conductivity 135% over MWNT and NC nanocomposites of 1 wt.% reached 0.3568 W/m.K in the increased thermal conductivity property. By examining the EP nanocomposites XRD pattern. The hybrid of epoxy nanocomposites exhibits all of the NC and MWCNT characteristic peaks. Since interactions between the filler and the epoxy cause a shift in the peak location of 1wt%. Due to the homogeneity of the nanofillers entire epoxy matrix, there may be changes in the intensity or location of the peaks at 1% for 2θ= 20.13°, which corresponds to an interlayer distance of d=0.461nm.
Effect of Banana Peels Extract Ratio on The Sustainable Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Alwash Atheel , M. Ibrahim Farah , Mohammed Salam
Published: May 2024

In this work, environmentally friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles was produced using sustainable green technology. With several loading amounts, such as 5%, 10%, 50%, and 100%, the banana peel extract was utilized as a capping agent. This was followed by calcinations at 400 ºC for 3 h in a muffle furnace. To evaluate the physical and chemical change of the synthesized nanoparticles, XRD, FTIR, UV-VIS and SEM/EDAX was used. The characterization results reveald that the all the green synthesized ZnO NPs samples strongly supports the well-crystallinity with high phase purity. The average crystallite size of the prepared samples was calculated using Debye-Scherer's formula and the results shows that with an increase in extract amount, the average crystallite size was shrinking. The FTIR result verified the successful chemical reaction between zinc salt and banana peel extract. The UV-VIS results showed the effect of size quantisization phenomena at 100% extract adding. Finally, the SEM images for all the prepared samples confirm the spherical shape.
Pavement Binder Course Optimization
Authors: Alazawi Abrar , Musa Al-Mousawi Hassan
Published: May 2024

The main objective of this study is to design the asphalt pavement structure for the Alkut-Mayssan highway in Iraq as a case study by using PCASE application to determine the necessary thickness of CR-modified asphaltic layers. Additionally, Marshall tests were used to investigate the effect of the dry process crumb rubber modifier on the thickness of the binder coarse layer based on various variables, such as the crumb rubber modifier with different content (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)% and sizes (0.3mm, 2.36mm , 4.75mm, and mix gradation). The test results show that while pavement thickness reduced as crumb rubber gradation increases, MR values increase. Additionally, as compared to the control mixture, the addition of 1% of CR in various gradations could decrease the thickness of the asphalt binder layer.
Effect of proline-containing oligopeptides on peculiarities of operant conditioning of behavior in outbred rats
Authors: Kravchenko E. V. , Savanets O. N. , Olgomets L. M. , Borodina K. V. , Golubovich V. P. , Zilberman R. D. , Bizunok N. A. , Dubovik B. V.
Published: May 2024

In experiments on male Wistar rats, the effect of synthetic derivatives of arginine-vasopressin (tetrapeptides N-Ac-DSer-Pro-DArg-Gly-NH2 (I) (1.0 μg/kg, i. n.), N-Ac-Trp -Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2 (II) (1.0 μg/kg, i. n.) on the dynamics of the level of anxiety (LA) and the ability to reproduce operant reactions (OR) against the background of 24-hour deprivation of the paradoxical phase of sleep (REM sleep deprivation) in rats. Statistically, N-Ac-Trp-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2   significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced the LA of rats exposed to stress, increasing the proportion of individuals in the population that had spent time in the central square of the actometer chamber not less than 10 % of the total duration of actometry. The oligopeptide N-Ac-DSer-Pro-DArg-Gly-NH2 had a statistically significant ( p < 0.05) corrective effect on the ability to reproduce the developed OR of pressing the pedal in rodents (Wistar rats of an unranked population and Wistar individuals with low LA) subjected to REM sleep deprivation. Thus, both studied compounds did not cause cognitive impairment, and N-Ac-DSer-ProDArg-Gly-NH2 improved mnestic functions against the background of REM sleep deprivation. The results of assessing the level of general motor activity indicated the absence of side sedative effects in I (1.0 μg/kg) and II (1.0 μg/kg ‒ at a dose that causes an anxiolytic effect when administered II). The data obtained indicate the anxiolytic effect of N-Ac-Trp-Pro-Arg-GlyNH2, the positive mnemotropic effect of N-Ac-DSer-Pro-DArg-Gly-NH2, and a low likelihood of developing side effects in relation to the central nervous system against the background their applications.
Estimation of irradiation doses of transuranic radionuclides to plants of phytocenoses of the Polesie State Radiation-Ecological Reserve
Authors: Spirau R. K.
Published: May 2024

Dose rates of 238Pu and 239+240Pu241 Am were determined for the plants from four phytocenoses of the Polesie State Radiation-Ecological Reserve. A significant difference in the values of the dose rates of the whole plant body is shown when calculating according to the data on the activity of radionuclides in the aboveground organs and underground organs. The highest dose rates with transuranic elements for dry meadow ecosystem plants fall on species of the Poaceae and Fabaceae families, forb birch forest – Poaceae, moss pine forest – Betulaceae, Ericaceae, black alder nettle forest – Betulaceae. For 238Pu, the internal dose per year can reach up to 5.17 mGy (Vicia cracca), 239+240Pu – up to 4.05 (Poa pratensis), and 241Am – up to 22.34 mGy (Betula pendula). The data obtained indicate that the dose rates of 238Pu, 239+240Pu, and Pu241Am separately do not exceed the Derived Consideration Reference Levels proposed by the ICRP for non-human biota.
Ecological structure of the avifauna composition as a basis for assessment of its heterogeneity and dynamics
Authors: Nikiforov M. Е. , Sakhvon V. V.
Published: May 2024

The article describes the methodological approach and the results of classification of breeding bird species in Belarus by their preference for habitat type during the breeding season based on this approach. During the classification process, we took into account the preferences developed in the course of evolution, i. e. those that had been the most characteristic of the species before the domination of altered territories and the escalation of an urbanization rate, as well as before many species started living in urban environments on a large scale.

In total, we defined six ornithofaunistic complexes (forest, arboreal-shrub, water-coastal, marsh, dry open spaces and synanthropic) that include all 223 bird species that have been observed breeding in Belarus since 2000. In most cases, the ornithofaunistic complexes were further divided into clusters that reflect a prominent ecological differentiation of species, although less drastic than a difference between the complexes themselves. In controversial or debatable cases, to justify attributing a species to a certain ornithofaunistic complex, we compared and analyzed all available data on the occurrence and breeding density of the species. Most breeding bird species belong to forest and water-coastal ornithofaunistic complexes (80 and 64 species, respectively), while only 12 species belong to the ornithofaunistic complex of dry open spaces. 

This classification proves to be a convenient tool to estimate the size and nature of the changes in the ecological structure of bird assemblages that have undergone some interference or transformations in time as well as to get comparable ecological characteristics of bird populations in different territories.
Gliphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in the environment and their microbial transformation
Authors: Mikhailouskaya N. A.
Published: May 2024

Analysis of domestic and international literature indicates that the global use of glyphosate (GP), due to its effectiveness, low price and creation of herbicide-resistant agricultural crop varieties, resulted in nearly universal presence of the rest quantities of the herbicide and its main metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (АМPA) in the environment: air, soil, water and crop products. Scientific information on glyphosate influence on the environment and living organisms is presented in this paper. The necessity is substantiated for periodic remediation for reducing the negative consequences of the repeated application of herbicide and detoxification of its residual quantities with the use of destructor-bacteria, capable of decomposing glyphosate and AMPA to ecologically safe compounds. The ways for glyphosate microbial transformation are reviewed. Ecologically safe detoxification assumes the use of bacterial destructors, which are destroying the phosphonic bond in glyphosate molecule. Although the bacteria of different genera are showing capacity for GP biodegradation, commercial products for the safe detoxification of glyphosate have not yet been developed due to the high level of strain specificity associated with the different ways of GF catabolism. The most perspective is the search for GP and AMPA destructors among rhizosphere bacteria, intended for application as inoculants. Complexity of the problem of GP and AMPA detoxification as well as the high level of strain specificity of bacterial destructors significantly restrain development of commercial preparations for GP and AMPA detoxification.
Results of development of a software application for calculating the performance indicators of machines for fertilizers application
Authors: Azarenko V. V. , Zheshko A. A.
Published: May 2024

It has been determined that the volume of global production and consumption of mineral fertilizers continues to grow, while their production resources are limited, which requires improving both technical means for fertilizers application and solving organizational issues of arable farming chemicalization, which ultimately will allow for high-quality distribution of fertilizers over the field surface within optimal agrotechnical terms. The tasks can be solved by increasing the accuracy of tools for calculating the basic performance indicators of machines for fertilizers application, which became possible due to development of electronic cartographic services and specialized tools for assembling machine and tractor units. The reserve for increasing the performance of arable farming chemicalization machines is also the determination of their rational design parameters depending on specific production conditions, such as the length of the run, contour of the fields, specifics of the organization of fertilizer application, the distance from the fertilizer warehouse to the work site and local logistics. In this regard, an analytical dependence is proposed to determine the functional relationship of performance with the main design parameters of the fertilizer spreader, which is an additional criterion for choosing a rational combination of machine and tractor units for fertilization, taking into account specific production conditions. An algorithm has been developed that is implemented in a software application for calculating the performance indicators of machines for fertilizers application.