bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glenoid version: the role of genetic and environmental factors on its variability. An MRI study on asymptomatic elderly twins
Authors: Gumina S , Villani C , Carbone S , Venditto T , Candela V
Published: August 2020

Background

Glenoid version is the most variable parameter of the shoulder joint. No authors investigated if intrinsic genetic factors or influences from extrinsic sources are responsible for its variability.

Aim

We compared glenoid version between elderly monozygotic and dizygotic twins intending to separate the contributions of genetics from shared and unique environments.

Methods

Glenoid version of the dominant shoulder was assessed by MRI using Friedman’s method in 30 pairs of elderly twins (16 monozygotic–14 dizygotic; mean age ± SD: 63.72 ± 3.37, 53–72). Heritability was estimated as twice the difference between the intraclass correlation coefficients for monozygotic and dizygotic pairs. The influence of shared environment was calculated as the difference between monozygotic correlation coefficient and the heritability index. According to job category, one way analysis of variance was used to estimate the differences between groups in the total sample and within zygosity groups.

Results

Glenoid version angle in monozygotic and dizygotic twins was −2° (SD: 2°) and −3° (SD: 3°), respectively (p = 0.334). Heritability index was 0.98, while the contributions of shared and unique environment were 0 and 0.02, respectively. According to working classes, no significant differences were found between the groups (p = 0.732, F = 0.31).

Conclusions

Glenoid version is mainly genetically determined and only marginally influenced by environments. Level of evidence: III.
Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the head and neck resembling rosacea: A case report
Authors: Wong Alan , Flores Javier
Published: August 2020

Angiosarcoma is a malignant endothelial cell tumor that involves a variety of anatomic sites with the skin being the most common. Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a diagnostic challenge as it can be confused with lesions such as rosacea, hemangiomas and hematomas. Since the tumor has a propensity for early metastasis and extensive intradermal spread, early diagnostic intervention via punch biopsy may prevent delays in diagnosis and improve tumor resectability and prognosis. We present a case of cutaneous angiosarcoma on the nose and cheeks of a 75-year-old male that resembled rosacea.
Histologic parameter score does not predict short‐term survival in severe alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Dubois Margaux , Sciarra Amedeo , Trépo Eric , Marot Astrid , Saldarriaga Joan , Moreno Christophe , Sempoux Christine , Deltenre Pierre
Published: August 2020

Background and aim

The alcoholic hepatitis histologic score has been proposed as a new prognostic tool to assess the risk of death in alcoholic hepatitis. We aimed to evaluate its prognostic value in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.

Methods

Liver biopsies were analysed independently by two pathologists according to the alcoholic hepatitis histologic score. The Laennec staging system was also used to evaluate fibrosis.

Results

One hundred and seven patients were included, and 89% of the patients received corticosteroids. The alcoholic hepatitis histologic score was available in 105 patients. Histologic scoring showed mild, moderate and severe scores in 10, 29 and 66 patients, respectively. Laennec staging was available for 53 patients, among whom 49 had cirrhosis, including 7 with Laennec 4A, 15 with 4B and 27 with 4C. Survival rates in mild, moderate and severe alcoholic hepatitis histologic score groups were 90%, 72% and 69% at 28 days (p  = 0.6), 80%, 52% and 63% at 3 months (p  = 0.3), and 70%, 41% and 58% at 6 months (p  = 0.3), respectively. Within the alcoholic hepatitis histologic score, fibrosis demonstrated the best interobserver reproducibility (agreement = 100%, Κ = 1.00). Compared to patients with Laennec 4B or 4C cirrhosis, survival rates for patients without cirrhosis or with Laennec 4A cirrhosis were 100% vs 83% at 28 days (p  = 0.16), 91% vs 68% at 3 months (p  = 0.13), and 82% vs 64% at 6 months (p  = 0.2), respectively. In multivariate analysis adjusted for age and for model for end‐stage liver disease score, the alcoholic hepatitis histologic score and Laennec stage were not associated with 6‐month mortality.

Conclusions

The alcoholic hepatitis histologic score is not predictive of short‐term survival in this cohort of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.
On-Site Occupational Health Nursing Services
Authors: Davidson Gestur , Widtfeldt Anne , Bey Jean
Published: August 2020

Part I of this article describes a quantitative assessment model that was developed to provide useful information to a large corporation about the benefits and costs of an on-site occupational health nursing program. The large number and complex nature of the effects of such programs both complicate this task and restrict the comprehensiveness of its assessment.

Part I focuses on estimating the net cost savings arising from the direct substitution of on-site for off-site provided occupational health nursing services. The six factors comprising this assessment model are identified. How these quantitative factors might be estimated in practical applications of this model is discussed, and cost effective approaches to this estimation task are suggested. The on-site provision of occupational health nursing services clearly continues to be an issue of interest to large corporations concerned with cost containment, productivity, and good employee relations. The model described in this article is restricted to measurable, short term benefits. However, the careful measurement of these benefits and costs can usefully inform management decision making until more comprehensive, longer term assessment models can be empirically implemented.
The Need for Vascular Laboratory Accreditation Within the Veterans Administration
Authors: Suzuki Sarah
Published: August 2020

Vascular imaging accreditation is a significant platform for clinical diagnostic evaluation and correlation. There is a notifiable disconnect between the private imaging facilities and the federal imaging laboratories. Online medical forums have increased patient expectations which give a visual appearance of underutilization of qualified talent, within the federal imaging field. Encouraging federal leadership to pursue a patient quality centered approach that will increase patient advocacy and elevate the expectations of imaging personnel, for the Veteran patient.
Molecular background delineates outcome of double protein expressor diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Meriranta Leo , Pasanen Annika , Alkodsi Amjad , Haukka Jari , Karjalainen-Lindsberg Marja-Liisa , Leppä Sirpa
Published: August 2020

Concomitant deregulation of MYC and BCL2 comprises clinically significant, yet poorly characterized biological high-risk feature in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To interrogate these lymphomas, we analyzed translocations and protein expression of BCL2, BCL6, and MYC; correlated the findings with comprehensive mutational, transcriptomic, and clinical data in 181 patients with primary DLBCL; and validated the key findings in independent data sets. Structural variations of BCL2 were subtype-specific and specifically increased BCL2 expression. Molecular dissection of MYC deregulation revealed associations with other lymphoma drivers, including loss of TP53, and distinctive gene expression profiles. Double protein expression (DPE) arose from heterogeneous molecular backgrounds that exhibited subtype-dependent patterns. In the germinal center B-cell (GCB) DLBCL, concurrent alterations of MYC and BCL2 loci gave rise to the majority of DPE DLBCLs, whereas among the activated B-cell (ABC) DLBCLs, concurrent alterations were infrequent. Clinically, DPE DLBCL defined a prognostic entity, which was independent of the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and cell of origin, and together with the loss of TP53 had a synergistic dismal impact on survival. In the DPE DLBCL, the loss of TP53 was associated with a chemorefractory disease, whereas among the other DLBCLs, no correlation with survival was seen. Importantly, BCL6 translocations identified non-GCB lymphomas with favorable BN2/C1-like survival independent of IPI and concurrent DPE status. Taken together, our findings define molecular characteristics of the DPE in DLBCL, and recognize clinically feasible predictors of outcome. Given the emerging taxonomical significance of BCL2, BCL6, MYC, and TP53, our findings provide further depth and validation to the genomic classification of DLBCL.
Physical activity in children at risk of postthrombotic sequelae: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hasan Rida , Hanna Maria , Zhang Song , Malone Kendra , Tong Elizabeth , Salas Niavana , Sarode Ravi , Journeycake Janna , Zia Ayesha
Published: August 2020

Increased physical activity is protective against worsening of postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) in adults. We assessed patient eligibility, consent, adherence, and retention rates in a pilot trial of prescribed physical activity following venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children. Secondary objectives were to describe the within-subject changes in PTS, quality of life, and coagulation biomarkers before and after the intervention in each group. We enrolled and randomized patients between 7 and 21 years of age to the physical activity group or the standard care (education-only) group in a 1:1 allocation ratio. The physical activity group wore a Fitbit for 4 weeks to determine habitual activity and then increased activity over an 8-week “active” period, followed by a 4-week “do-as-you-wish” period. Two hundred thirty-five children were diagnosed with VTE; 111 patients were screened, of whom 40 (36%) met study eligibility criteria. Of these, 23 (57%) consented to participate and were randomized (Fitbit,11; standard group, 12). The trial was of greater interest to overweight and obese children, as they comprised 83% of consented patients. Only 33% adhered to the activity prescription, and 65% (15/23) completed the trial. The PTS scores (P = .001) improved in the physical activity group compared with the education-only group. It is feasible to enroll and randomize pediatric VTE patients to a prescribed physical activity regimen 3 months following VTE. Metrics for adherence to enhanced physical activity and retention were not met. These results provide the rationale to explore low adherence and retention rates before moving forward with a larger trial of exercise training following VTE. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03075761.
Stem cell transplantation for children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: results from the HLH-2004 study
Authors: Bergsten Elisabet , Horne AnnaCarin , Hed Myrberg Ida , Aricó Maurizio , Astigarraga Itziar , Ishii Eiichi , Janka Gritta , Ladisch Stephan , Lehmberg Kai , McClain Kenneth L. , Minkov Milen , Nanduri Vasanta , Rosso Diego A. , Sieni Elena , Winiarski Jacek , Henter Jan-Inge
Published: August 2020

We report the largest prospective study thus far on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome comprising familial/genetic HLH (FHL) and secondary HLH. Although all patients with HLH typically need intensive anti-inflammatory therapy, patients with FHL also need HSCT to be cured. In the international HLH-2004 study, 187 children aged <18 years fulfilling the study inclusion criteria (5 of 8 diagnostic criteria, affected sibling, or molecular diagnosis in FHL-causative genes) underwent 209 transplants (2004-2012), defined as indicated in patients with familial/genetic, relapsing, or severe/persistent disease. Five-year overall survival (OS) post-HSCT was 66% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59-72); event-free survival (EFS) was 60% (95% CI, 52-67). Five-year OS was 81% (95% CI, 65-90) for children with a complete response and 59% (95% CI, 48-69) for those with a partial response (hazard ratio [HR], 2.12; 95% CI, 1.06-4.27; P = .035). For children with verified FHL (family history/genetically verified, n = 134), 5-year OS was 71% (95% CI, 62-78) and EFS was 62% (95% CI, 54-70); 5-year OS for children without verified FHL (n = 53) was significantly lower (52%; 95% CI, 38-65) (P = .040; HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.03-2.77); they were also significantly older. Notably, 20 (38%) of 53 patients without verified FHL had natural killer cell activity reported as normal at diagnosis, after 2 months, or at HSCT, suggestive of secondary HLH; and in addition 14 (26%) of these 53 children had no evidence of biallelic mutations despite having 3 or 4 FHL genes analyzed (natural killer cell activity not analyzed after 2 months or at HSCT). We conclude that post-HSCT survival in FHL remains suboptimal, and that the FHL diagnosis should be carefully investigated before HSCT. Pretransplant complete remission is beneficial but not mandatory to achieve post-HSCT survival. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00426101.
Haemophilus influenzaepersists in biofilm communities in a smoke-exposed ferret model of COPD
Authors: Hunt Benjamin C. , Stanford Denise , Xu Xin , Li Jindong , Gaggar Amit , Rowe Steven M. , Raju S. Vamsee , Swords W. Edward
Published: August 2020

Rationale

Non-typeableHaemophilus influenzae(NTHi) is a common inhabitant of the human nasopharynx and upper airways that can cause opportunistic infections of the airway mucosa including bronchopulmonary infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is clear that opportunistic infections contribute significantly to inflammatory exacerbations of COPD; however, there remains much to be learned regarding specific host and microbial determinants of persistence and/or clearance in this context.

Methods

In this study, we used a recently described ferret model for COPD, in which animals undergo chronic long-term exposure to cigarette smoke, to define host–pathogen interactions during COPD-related NTHi infections.

Results

NTHi bacteria colonised the lungs of smoke-exposed animals to a greater extent than controls, and elicited acute host inflammation and neutrophilic influx and activation, along with a significant increase in airway resistance and a decrease in inspiratory capacity consistent with inflammatory exacerbation; notably, these findings were not observed in air-exposed control animals. NTHi bacteria persisted within multicellular biofilm communities within the airway lumen, as evidenced by immunofluorescent detection of bacterial aggregates encased within a sialylated matrix as is typical of NTHi biofilms and differential bacterial gene expression consistent with the biofilm mode of growth.

Conclusions

Based on these results, we conclude that acute infection with NTHi initiates inflammatory exacerbation of COPD disease. The data also support the widely held hypothesis that NTHi bacteria persist within multicellular biofilm communities in the lungs of patients with COPD.
Effect of hypertonic saline on mucociliary clearance and clinical outcomes in chronic bronchitis
Authors: Bennett William D. , Henderson Ashley G. , Ceppe Agathe , Zeman Kirby L. , Wu Jihong , Gladman Christine , Fuller Fred , Gazda Stephen , Button Brian , Boucher Richard C. , Donaldson Scott H.
Published: August 2020

Background

Mucus dehydration and impaired mucus clearance are common features of cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In CF, inhaled hypertonic saline (HS) improves lung function and produces sustained increases in mucociliary clearance (MCC). We hypothesised that administration of HS (7% NaCl) twice daily for 2 weeks would improve clinical outcomes and produce sustained increases in MCC in COPD subjects with a chronic bronchitis (CB) phenotype.

Methods

Twenty-two CB subjects completed a double-blinded, crossover study comparing inhaled HS to a hypotonic control solution (0.12% saline) administeredvianebuliser twice daily for 2 weeks. Treatment order was randomised. During each treatment period, symptoms and spirometry were measured. MCC was measured at baseline, shortly after initial study agent administration, and approximately 12 h after the final dose.

Results

HS was safe and well tolerated but overall produced no significant improvements in spirometry or patient-reported outcomes. CB subjects had slower baseline MCC than healthy subjects. The MCC rates over 60 min (Ave60Clr) in CB subjects following 2 weeks of HS were not different from 0.12% saline but were slower than baseline (Ave60Clr was 9.1±6.3% at baselineversus5.3±6.9% after HS; p<0.05). Subgroup analyses determined that subjects with residual baseline central lung clearance (14 subjects) had improved spirometry and symptoms following treatment with HS, but not 0.12% saline, treatment.

Conclusions

Inhaled HS appeared to be safe in a general CB population. A specific phenotypic subgroup may benefit from HS but requires additional study.
A new plasmid carrying mphA causes prevalence of azithromycin resistance in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli serogroup O6
Authors: Xiang Ying , Wu Feng , Chai Yinghui , Xu Xuebin , Yang Lang , Tian Sai , Zhang Haoran , Li Yinxia , Yang Chaojie , Liu Hongbo , Qiu Shaofu , Song Hongbin , Sun Yansong
Published: August 2020

Background

At present, azithromycin has become an effective treatment for severe diarrhea caused by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection. However, enterobacteria have begun to develop resistance to azithromycin and have attracted attention in recent years. This study conducted to described the emergence of a high proportion of azithromycin-resistant ETEC serogroup O6 strains in Shanghai and to analyzed the mechanisms of azithromycin resistance.

Results

Strains from adult diarrhea patients with ETEC serogroup O6 infections were collected by Shanghai Diarrhea Surveillance Network and the Foodborne Surveillance Network from 2016 to 2018. We tested 30 isolates of ETEC O6 serogroup, 26 of which were resistant to azithromycin. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these ETEC serogroup O6 strains have formed an independent dominant clone. S1-PFGE and southern blotting revealed the presence of the mphA gene on the 103 kb plasmid. Illumina and Nanopore sequencing and plasmid coverage analysis further confirmed that azithromycin-resistant strains carried a novel IncFII plasmid harboring mphA and blaTEM-1 resistance genes.

Conclusions

This is the first study to report a high proportion of azithromycin resistance in a particular ETEC serogroup due to a specific plasmid carrying mphA. Our findings indicate the rapid spread of azithromycin resistance, highlighting the urgency of stringent surveillance and control measure.
The impact of ultrasound-guided bilateral rectus sheath block in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy — a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Shaoheng , Liu Pengfei , Gao Teng , Guan Lei , Li Tianzuo
Published: August 2020

Background

Rectus sheath block (RSB) is known to attenuate postoperative pain and reduce perioperative opioid consumption. Thus, a retrospective study was performed to examine the effects of bilateral rectus sheath block (BRSB) in cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).

Methods

A total of 178 patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC at our hospital were included. Patient information and anaesthesia-related indicators were collected from the electronic medical record (EMR) system. All subjects were divided into the following two groups: the G group (general anaesthesia) and the GR group (RSB combined with general anaesthesia). Patients in the GR group received 0.375% ropivacaine for BRSB before surgery. The primary outcomes included the total amount of remifentanil and rocuronium, the total consumption of dezocine after surgery, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) input dose at 1 h (T6), 6 h (T7), 12 h (T8), 24 h (T9) and 48 h (T10) after surgery. Other outcomes were also recorded, such as patient demographic data, the intraoperative heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), and postoperative complications.

Results

Compared with the G group, the GR group showed a shorter time to tracheal extubation (P < 0.05), a decreased total amount of remifentanil and rocuronium (P < 0.05), and a reduced VAS score, PCIA input dose and number of PCIA boluses at 1 h, 6 h and 12 h after surgery (P < 0.05). However, at 24 h and 48 h after surgery, there were no differences in the VAS score of pain at rest or during motion between the two groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, the incidence of hypertension, emergence agitation, delayed recovery, hypercapnia, and nausea and vomiting was lower in the GR group than in the G group (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the changes in MAP and HR during the surgery between the two groups (P > 0.05). No complications associated with nerve block occurred.

Conclusion

BRSB could provide short-term postoperative analgesia, reduce perioperative opioid consumption and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. It is an effective and safe procedure in CRS/HIPEC.
LINC00992 contributes to the oncogenic phenotypes in prostate cancer via targeting miR-3935 and augmenting GOLM1 expression
Authors: Chen Jianheng , Liu Xiaodong , Ke Kunbin , Zou Jianan , Gao Zhan , Habuchi Tomonori , Yang Xuezhen
Published: August 2020

Background

Accumulating evidence has revealed the critical role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cellular processes during tumor progression. As documented in cancer-related literatures, LINC00992 expression is associated with cancer progression, whereas its function in tumors including prostate cancer has not been characterized yet.

Methods

Data from GEPIA database suggested LINC00992 expression in prostate cancer tissues. The expression levels of RNAs were monitored via qRT-PCR. Western blot evaluated the levels of proteins. The proliferation, apoptosis and migration of prostate cancer cells were assessed by CCK-8, EdU, TUNEL, Transwell and wound healing assays. Luciferase reporter, RNA pull down and RIP assays were applied to detect the interplays among LINC00992, miR-3935 and GOLM1.

Results

Elevated levels of LINC00992 and GOLM1 were detected in prostate cancer tissues and cells. LINC00992 exerted facilitating functions in prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration. Mechanically, LINC00992 interacted with and negatively regulated miR-3935 to elevate GOLM1 expression in prostate cancer cells. In addition, the in vitro suppressive effect of silenced LINC00992 on prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration was reversed by GOLM1 upregulation. Likewise, LINC00992 depletion restrained tumor growth in vivo was offset by enhanced GOLM1 expression.

Conclusions

LINC00992 competitively bound with miR-3935 to elevate GOLM1 expression and therefore facilitate the oncogenic phenotypes of prostate cancer cells, implying a potential LINC00992-targeted therapy for prostate cancer.
Correction to: Effectiveness of a theory-based back care intervention on spine-related behavior among pupils: a school-based randomised controlled trial (T-Bak study)
Authors: Akbari-Chehrehbargh Zahra , Tavafian Sedigheh Sadat , Montazeri Ali
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Puzzling onsets of pneumonia sequentially after each session of bronchial thermoplasty: a case report
Authors: Nong Ying , Lin Jiang-tao
Published: August 2020

Background

Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a novel bronchoscopic intervention for severe persistent asthma. An increase in transient respiratory adverse events associated with BT were noted over the treatment periods, however, these events appear sporadic and should not always recur in a single individual and BT-related pneumonia has rarely been reported.

Case presentation

We present a case of uncontrolled severe asthma who developed puzzling pneumonia sequentially after each session of BT procedures. After each operation of three sequential BT procedures, she developed cough and purulent expectoration when her chest radiology showed new infiltrates right in the treatment regions. After empirical use of antibacterial agents plus physiotherapy and postural sputum drainage, her symptoms vanished and chest imaging resumed normal.

Conclusion

The originality of our case report is related to the recurrence of pneumonia after three sequential BT procedures. To date, similar report has not been available in the literature. We hope to prompt alerts for post-BT respiratory infections, although most of them, along with other adverse events, are mild and tractable.
Risk of pedicle and spinous process violation during cortical bone trajectory screw placement in the lumbar spine
Authors: Zhang Lilian , Tian Naifeng , Yang Jian , Ni Wenfei , Jin Liya
Published: August 2020

Background

Previous studies have confirmed the feasibility of the cortical bone trajectory (CBT) technique. However, there are few reports on spinous process violation and screw penetration during the screw insertion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of spinous process violation and screw penetration through the pedicle during CBT screw insertion.

Methods

Computed tomography (CT) scans with normal lumbar structures were consecutively obtained and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the lumbar spine were created. Bilateral CBT screw placement was simulated on each segment using a screw diameter of 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm, or 5.5 mm. Incidences of these complications were recorded and analyzed.

Results

A total of 90 patients were enrolled. Spinous process violation was observed in 68.3, 53.3, 25.5, 1.7, and 0% from L1 to L5, respectively, using 4.5 mm screws. A significant difference was found among the five segments but this was unconnected to gender or screw diameter. The incidence of screw penetration through the inner wall decreased from L1 to L4; in turn, L1 (16.7–35.5%), L2 (12.7–34.4%), L3 (2.8–23.8%) and L4 (1.1–6.7%). This trend was reversed in L5 (6.7–16.7%). Moreover, screw penetration through the outer wall was rare. The incidence of screw penetration varied with screw size as well as lumbar level, but not with gender.

Conclusions

There are more difficulties of CBT screw fixation in upper lumbar spine. The low rate of screw penetration, using 4.5 mm screws, suggests the safety for CBT fixation in the lumbar spine. Larger screws (5.0 mm or 5.5 mm) are more recommended for use in the lower lumbar spine. Moreover, CBT fixation in L5 deserves greater attention because of the unique morphology of the pedicle.
The use of technology in tracking soccer players’ health performance: a scoping review
Authors: Almulla Jassim , Takiddin Abdulrahman , Househ Mowafa
Published: August 2020

Background

Quantifying soccer players’ performance using different types of technologies helps coaches in making tactical decisions and maintaining players’ health. Little is known about the relation between the performance measuring technologies and the metrics they measure. The aim of this study is to identify and group the different types of technologies that are used to track the health-related performance metrics of soccer players.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search for articles using IEEE Xplore, PubMed, ACM DL, and papers from the Sports Medicine Journal. The papers were screened and extracted by two reviewers. The included papers had to fall under several criteria, including being about soccer, measuring health-related performance, and using technology to measure players’ performance. A total of 1,113 papers were reviewed and 1,069 papers were excluded through the selection process.

Results

We reviewed 44 papers and grouped them based on the technology used and health-related metrics tracked. In terms of technology, we categorized the used technologies into wearable technologies (N=27/44) and in-field technologies (N=14/44). We categorized the tracked health-related metrics into physiological metrics (N=16/44) and physical metrics (N=44/44). We found out that wearable technologies are mainly used to track physical metrics (N=27/27) and are also used to track physiological metrics (N=14/27). In-field technologies are only used to track physical metrics (N=24/24).

Conclusion

Understanding how technology is related to players’ performance and how it is used leads to an improvement in the monitoring process and performance outcomes of the players.
Insufficient maternal iodine intake is associated with subfecundity, reduced foetal growth, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study
Authors: Abel Marianne Hope , Caspersen Ida Henriette , Sengpiel Verena , Jacobsson Bo , Meltzer Helle Margrete , Magnus Per , Alexander Jan , Brantsæter Anne Lise
Published: August 2020

Background

Severe iodine deficiency impacts fertility and reproductive outcomes. The potential effects of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency are not well known. The aim of this study was to examine whether iodine intake was associated with subfecundity (i.e. > 12 months trying to get pregnant), foetal growth, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a mild-to-moderately iodine-deficient population.

Methods

We used the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and included 78,318 pregnancies with data on iodine intake and pregnancy outcomes. Iodine intake was calculated using an extensive food frequency questionnaire in mid-pregnancy. In addition, urinary iodine concentration was available in a subsample of 2795 pregnancies. Associations were modelled continuously by multivariable regression controlling for a range of confounding factors.

Results

The median iodine intake from food was 121 μg/day and the median urinary iodine was 69 μg/L, confirming mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency. In non-users of iodine supplements (n = 49,187), low iodine intake (< 100–150 μg/day) was associated with increased risk of preeclampsia (aOR = 1.14 (95% CI 1.08, 1.22) at 75 vs. 100 μg/day, p overall < 0.001), preterm delivery before gestational week 37 (aOR = 1.10 (1.04, 1.16) at 75 vs. 100 μg/day, p overall = 0.003), and reduced foetal growth (− 0.08 SD (− 0.10, − 0.06) difference in birth weight z-score at 75 vs. 150 μg/day, p overall < 0.001), but not with early preterm delivery or intrauterine death. In planned pregnancies (n = 56,416), having an iodine intake lower than ~ 100 μg/day was associated with increased prevalence of subfecundity (aOR = 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) at 75 μg/day vs. 100 μg/day, p overall = 0.005). Long-term iodine supplement use (initiated before pregnancy) was associated with increased foetal growth (+ 0.05 SD (0.03, 0.07) on birth weight z-score, p < 0.001) and reduced risk of preeclampsia (aOR 0.85 (0.74, 0.98), p = 0.022), but not with the other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Urinary iodine concentration was not associated with any of the dichotomous outcomes, but positively associated with foetal growth (n = 2795, p overall = 0.017).

Conclusions

This study shows that a low iodine intake was associated with restricted foetal growth and a higher prevalence of preeclampsia in these mild-to-moderately iodine-deficient women. Results also indicated increased risk of subfecundity and preterm delivery. Initiating iodine supplement use in pregnancy may be too late.
GM-CSF induces noninflammatory proliferation of microglia and disturbs electrical neuronal network rhythms in situ
Authors: Dikmen Hasan Onur , Hemmerich Marc , Lewen Andrea , Hollnagel Jan-Oliver , Chausse Bruno , Kann Oliver
Published: August 2020

Background

The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (or CSF-2) is involved in myeloid cell growth and differentiation, and, possibly, a major mediator of inflammation in body tissues. The role of GM-CSF in the activation of microglia (CNS resident macrophages) and the consequent impacts on neuronal survival, excitability, and synaptic transmission are widely unknown, however. Here, we focused on electrical neuronal network rhythms in the gamma frequency band (30–70 Hz). Gamma oscillations are fundamental to higher brain functions, such as perception, attention, and memory, and they are exquisitely sensitive to metabolic and oxidative stress.

Methods

We explored the effects of chronic GM-CSF exposure (72 h) on microglia in male rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (in situ), i.e., postnatal cortex tissue lacking leukocyte invasion (adaptive immunity). We applied extracellular electrophysiological recordings of local field potential, immunohistochemistry, design-based stereology, biochemical analysis, and pharmacological ablation of microglia.

Results

GM-CSF triggered substantial proliferation of microglia (microgliosis). By contrast, the release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and nitric oxide, the hippocampal cytoarchitecture as well as the morphology of parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons were unaffected. Notably, GM-CSF induced concentration-dependent, long-lasting disturbances of gamma oscillations, such as slowing (beta frequency band) and neural burst firing (hyperexcitability), which were not mimicked by the T lymphocyte cytokine IL-17. These disturbances were attenuated by depletion of the microglial cell population with liposome-encapsulated clodronate. In contrast to priming with the cytokine IFN-γ (type II interferon), GM-CSF did not cause inflammatory neurodegeneration when paired with the TLR4 ligand LPS.

Conclusions

GM-CSF has a unique role in the activation of microglia, including the potential to induce neuronal network dysfunction. These immunomodulatory properties might contribute to cognitive impairment and/or epileptic seizure development in disease featuring elevated GM-CSF levels, blood-brain barrier leakage, and/or T cell infiltration.
Enteric parasitic infection disturbs bacterial structure in Mexican children with autoantibodies for type 1 diabetes and/or celiac disease
Authors: Calderón de la Barca Ana M. , Castillo-Fimbres Reyna S. , Mejía-León María Esther , Quihui-Cota Luis , Ochoa-Leyva Adrián , Aguayo-Patrón Sandra V.
Published: August 2020

Background

Intestinal bacterial dysbiosis and increased gut permeability are associated with higher risk of developing type 1 diabetes (T1D) or celiac disease (CD). There is a lack of information on parasitism involved in gut disturbance of predisposed children. We evaluated the effect of enteropathogenic parasites (Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora spp. G. lamblia, and Blastocystis spp.) on the bacterial structure of feces from children with autoantibodies for T1D or CD. Participants included 37 children under 18 years of age, from whom stools were analyzed for enteric parasites by qPCR and 22/37 for bacterial profile by sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16s rRNA gene. Dietary, clinical, and socioeconomic data was recorded.

Results

Pathogens parasitized 28/37 participants, Cryptosporidium spp. was the most prevalent (62.2%), followed by both Cyclospora cayetanensis and Blastocystis spp (37.8%). There were no dietary differences (p > 0.05) attributable to parasitism. Co-infected participants with Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora did not differ (p = 0.064) from non-infected participants in bacterial alpha phylogenetic diversity. The same parasites’ co-infection was associated with a decreased abundance of the Ruminococaceae (p = 0.04) and Verrucomicrobioceae families, of the Akkermansia genus (p = 0.009). There was a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (p = 0.02) in infected than in uninfected participants.

Conclusions

Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora affected the bacterial structure at family and genus levels, decreasing the ratio between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in children with auto-antibodies for T1D or CD, which could increase the risk of illness onset.
Indigenous perspectives on wellness and health in Canada: study protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Thiessen K. , Haworth-Brockman M. , Stout R. , Moffitt P. , Gelowitz J. , Schneider J. , Demczuk L.
Published: August 2020

Background

Indigenous communities are often portrayed from a deficit-based lens; however, Indigenous communities have self-determined perspectives of health and well-being that are strength based. The objective of this study will be to systematically map the literature on perspectives, concepts, and constructs of wellness and well-being in Indigenous communities in Canada.

Methods

A scoping review protocol was designed following the Arksey and O’Malley framework. We will search the following electronic databases (from inception onwards): MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, Anthropology Plus, Bibliography of Native North Americans, Canadian Business and Current Affairs, and Circumpolar Health Bibliographic Database. Grey literature will be identified through searching dissertation databases, Google Scholar, and conference abstracts. We will include all types of literature in English, published and unpublished, including any study design, reviews and meta-analyses, dissertations, reports, and books. The literature considered should describe or reflect Indigenous perspectives that identify concepts or constructs related to well-being or wellness; literature can be from any setting in Canada. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text reports, and abstract data. Data analysis will involve quantitative descriptions (e.g. frequencies) and qualitative content analysis methods.

Discussion

This review will provide a synthesis of the literature on Indigenous perspectives, concepts, and constructs of wellness and well-being in Canada. We anticipate the study will contribute to improve our understanding of how Indigenous communities conceptualize and embody wellness. Our findings will provide a basis for engaging Indigenous stakeholders in future health research and informing future interpretations of how wellness is conceptualized, whether written or unwritten.
How we teach children with asthma to use their inhaler: a scoping review protocol
Authors: McCrossan Patrick , Mallon Orla , Shields Michael D. , O’Donoghue Dara
Published: August 2020

Background

One reason that asthma remains poorly controlled in children is poor inhaler technique. Current guidelines recommend checking inhaler technique at each clinical visit. However, they do not specify how best to train children to mastery of correct inhaler technique. Currently, many children are simply shown how to use inhalers (brief intervention) which results in less than 50% with correct inhaler technique. The aim of this scoping review is to explore published literature on teaching methods used to train children to master correct inhaler technique.

Methods

This scoping review will follow the Arksey and O’Malley framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. We will search (from inception onwards) MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and the Cochrane library. We will include quantitative studies (e.g. randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and case-control studies), published from the year 1956 to present, on teaching the skill of inhaler technique to children with asthma. Two reviewers will complete all screening and data abstraction independently. Data will be extracted onto a data charting table to create a descriptive summary of the results. Data will then be synthesised with descriptive statistics and visual mapping.

Discussion

This scoping review will provide a broad overview of currently used educational methods to improve inhaler technique in children with asthma. The analysis will allow us to refine future research in this area by focusing on the most effective methods and optimising them.

Systematic review registration

Open Science Framework (osf.io/n7kcw).
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on fasting glucose, dyslipidemia, blood pressure, and abdominal obesity among patients with metabolic syndrome: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Aquino Séphora Louyse Silva , Cunha Aline Tuane Oliveira , Lima Josivan Gomes , Sena-Evangelista Karine Cavalcanti Maurício , Oliveira Antonio Gouveia , Cobucci Ricardo Ney , Pedrosa Lucia Fatima Campos
Published: August 2020

Background

Vitamin D deficiency can play a role in extraskeletal functions that are involved with a set of risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this review is to investigate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on fasting glucose, dyslipidemia, blood pressure, and abdominal obesity among patients with MetS.

Methods

EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, Lilacs, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, clinicaltrials.gov databases, and grey literature will be systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D supplementation compared with placebo, through December 2020. We will include in the study patients with MetS diagnosed by the criteria set forth by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III or the International Diabetes Federation. The effect of oral vitamin D supplementation on lipid profile improvement (triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol—HDL-C) is this review’s primary outcome. The systematic review will be performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The study screening, data extraction, and quality assessment will be fulfilled by two independent reviewers according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0). The results of the systematic review will be provided according to the type of intervention, characteristics of the target population, the methods of measurement of vitamin D, the calculated vitamin D concentrations, types of biological samples, and types of outcomes. Meta-analyses will be conducted where appropriate. The Cochran’sQtest and theI2-heterogeneity test will be used to assess the presence of heterogeneity and whether the fixed or the random-effects model would be appropriate for combining study results using the inverse variance method or the DerSimonian-Lair method, respectively. Publication bias will be evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s and Begg’s tests. The strength of the evidence will be assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).

Discussion

This systematic review will assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on fasting glucose and triglyceride levels, waist circumference and mean blood pressure, and HDL-C among individuals with MetS. These findings may assist with decision-making within a clinical setting.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019123212
Multi-methodical study of Early Modern Age archaeological glazed ceramics from Prague
Authors: Kloužková Alexandra , Kohoutková Martina , Kolářová Mária , Blažková Gabriela , Šefců Radka , Dvořáková Pavla , Bajeux Kmoníčková Martina
Published: August 2020

A series of scientific methods (X-ray analyses, optical and electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and thermal analyses) was used to research the ceramic bodies and glazes of forty vessels from Renaissance Prague. The set of Early Modern Age archaeological glazed ceramics contained tableware, kitchenware and
technical ceramics. The main aim was to characterise ceramic materials and glazes used over two centuries. Attention was also paid to the identification of defects and corrosion products of the glazes. The research was conducted with an emphasis on the context of the original use of the ceramic artefacts and the environment of the waste pits from which they were excavated. The archaeological finds include three technical ceramic vessels (a rectifier, a bowl and a jar), which together could have formed a distillation apparatus. Since these vessels represent a rare finding, they were subjected to a detailed investigation. Based on the similarity of ceramic bodies and glazes, it was proved that the three technical ceramic vessels were made in the same workshop and were parts of one distillation apparatus. The results of the performed analyses determined that the studied vessels were manufactured from raw materials with a high content of a plastic component and that the raw materials did not change significantly during the period from the 15th to 18th centuries. The firing temperature of most of the vessels did not exceed 1000 °C. It was proved that all the glazes were medium- or high-lead content glazes and were coloured with ionic pigments.
Evaluation for type 1 diabetes associated autoantibodies in diabetic and non-diabetic Australian terriers and Samoyeds
Authors: O’Kell Allison L. , Wasserfall Clive H. , Henthorn Paula S. , Atkinson Mark A. , Hess Rebecka S.
Published: August 2020

Background

Evidence for an autoimmune etiology in canine diabetes is inconsistent and could vary based on breed. Previous studies demonstrated that small percentages of diabetic dogs possess autoantibodies to antigens known to be important in human type 1 diabetes, but most efforts involved analysis of a wide variety of breeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2), and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) autoantibodies in diabetic and non-diabetic Australian Terriers and Samoyeds, two breeds with comparatively high prevalence of diabetes, in the United States.

Results

There was no significant difference in the proportion of samples considered positive for GAD65 or ZnT8 autoantibodies in either breed evaluated, or for IA-2 autoantibodies in Australian Terriers (p > 0.05). The proportion of IA-2 autoantibody positive samples was significantly higher in diabetic versus non-diabetic Samoyeds (p = 0.003), but substantial overlap was present between diabetic and non-diabetic groups.

Conclusions

The present study does not support GAD65, IA-2, or ZnT8 autoantibodies as markers of autoimmunity in canine diabetes in Samoyeds or Australian Terriers as measured using human antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. Future studies using canine specific assays as well as investigation for alternative markers of autoimmunity in these and other canine breeds are warranted.