bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The System of Military Justice in Ukraine in a War
Authors: Lapkin Andrii
Published: August 2023

In Ukraine, there is no complete system of military justice. The development of the military justice system of Ukraine shows a gradual course towards demilitarization. This course has changed since 2014, however, the changes aren’t deep and systematic. Therefore, a revival of the military justice system should be considered as a temporary measure. It is necessary to provide a possibility of its drawdown with the end of Russian-Ukrainian War.The military justice system should be built based on the following concept: the body car-rying out operational search activity and prejudicial investigation of war crimes—the body carrying out criminal prosecution on such crimes—the body considering actual cases on such crimes. This concept corresponds to the following system of military justice: military police—military prosecutor’s office—military court.The reform of the military justice system has to take place comprehensively. Reforms of the military police, the military prosecutor’s office and the military court have to be harmonized in regard to their competence and interaction. To this end, a uniform concept of reforming the military justice system in Ukraine has to be developed. Scholars, repre-sentatives of various bodies of military justice and military management, public figures and foreign experts should take part in its creation.
Development and verification of an on-board integrated optics scheme for a 50G/10G combo PON system
Authors: Jin Jialiang , Zhang Dezhi , Li Qizheng , He Mingbo , Mao Yuanfeng , Wu Qihong , Wu Zeru , Wang Xu , Dong Zhen , Li Yanbo , Ye Zhicheng , Jian Jian
Published: August 2023

We propose an on-board integrated optics (OBO) scheme within a 50G/10G combo passive optical network (PON) system, for the first time to our best knowledge, which can achieve high port density, low cost, and low power consumption required by the 50G PON system. We provide an OBO scheme that integrates record-high power distributed feedback (DFB) lasers, low insertion loss silicon modulators, a planar lightwave circuit wavelength-division multiplexer, and avalanche photodiodes on a single board, which can solve key issues faced by the demand of coexistence and smooth evolution from 10G to 50G PON for global access network operators. In this system, the slope efficiency of the lasers has been optimized at high temperatures, allowing the output power of the lasers to achieve a record-breaking 23.5 dBm at 1577 and 1342 nm, while reducing cooling power consumption to realize low carbon emission in access networks. We developed a low-loss broadband silicon modulator to meet the large power budget and high data rate requirements of 50G PON by optimizing doping parameters and constructing electrodes that match the driver. This silicon modulator has a 6.6 dB insertion loss and an electro-optic bandwidth of more than 38 GHz, making it the ideal silicon modulator for 50G PON systems. In addition, we verify the end-to-end performance, including receiver sensitivity in the upstream direction and the dispersion penalty in the downstream direction. This suggests that the OBO scheme can satisfy the criteria of the 50G PON system according to the ITU-T G.9804 standard series.
Snapshot hyperspectral imaging of intracellular lasers
Authors: Caixeiro Soraya , Wijesinghe Philip , Dholakia Kishan , Gather Malte C.
Published: August 2023

Intracellular lasers are emerging as powerful biosensors for multiplexed tracking and precision sensing of cells and their microenvironment. This sensing capacity is enabled by quantifying their narrow-linewidth emission spectra, which is presently challenging to do at high speeds. In this work, we demonstrate rapid snapshot hyperspectral imaging of intracellular lasers. Using integral field mapping with a microlens array and a diffraction grating, we obtain images of the spatial and spectral intensity distribution from a single camera acquisition. We demonstrate widefield hyperspectral imaging over a 3 × 3 mm2 field of view and volumetric imaging over 250 × 250 × 800 µm3 (XYZ) volumes with a lateral (XY) resolution of 5 µm, axial (Z) resolution of 10 µm, and a spectral resolution of less than 0.8 nm. We evaluate the performance and outline the challenges and strengths of snapshot methods in the context of characterizing the emission from intracellular lasers. This method offers new opportunities for a diverse range of applications, including high-throughput and long-term biosensing with intracellular lasers.
Azimuthons induced by degenerate linear eigenmodes and their conversions under nonlinear modulation
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Li Lu , Wang Yan
Published: August 2023

A method for generating azimuthons in a nonlinear Kerr medium is presented. The findings indicate that azimuthons can be represented as a combination of two co-rotational azimuthally modulated degenerate linear eigenmodes, along with an additional shift in the propagation constant. Moreover, the conversions between azimuthons are showcased using longitudinal nonlinear modulation. The results reveal that, under the resonance condition, direct conversion between neighboring azimuthons is possible, leading to the emergence of Rabi oscillation. However, for non-neighboring azimuthons, direct conversion is less effective, requiring cascaded modulation for their conversion.
Flexible generation of broadly wavelength- and OAM-tunable Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes from a random fiber laser
Authors: Luo Ke Hai , Ma Rui , Wu Han , Li Xin Ying , Zhang Chun Xiang , Fan Dian Yuan , Liu Jun
Published: August 2023

Broadband wavelength tunable Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) mode with flexibly manipulated topological charge is greatly desired for large-capacity optical communication. However, the operating wavelengths achieved for the current LG modes are significantly restricted either by the emission spectrum of the intracavity gain medium or by the operation wavelengths of mode-conversion or modulation components. Here, broadband wavelength-tunable LG modes with a controllable topological charge are generated based on a random fiber laser (RFL) and a digital micromirror device (DMD). The RFL can produce broadly wavelength-tunable laser emissions spanning from 1044 to 1403 nm with a high spectral purity and an excellent beam quality, benefiting from the cascaded random Raman gain starting from a ytterbium fiber based active gain. A commercially available broadband DMD is then utilized to excite the LG modes with a flexibly tunable topological charge of up to 100 order through the super-pixel wavefront shaping technique. The combination of the RFL and the DMD greatly broadens the operating wavelength region of the LG modes to be achieved, which facilitates the capacity scaling-up in the orbital angular momentum multiplexed optical communication application.
Surface topography detection based on an optical differential metasurface
Authors: Li Qiuying , Yang Hua , Wang Yan , Shou Yichang , Liu Shuoqing , Luo Hailu
Published: August 2023

Surface topography detection can extract critical characteristics from objects, playing an important role in target identification and precision measurement. Here, an optical method with the advantages of low power consumption, high speed, and simple devices is proposed to realize the surface topography detection of low-contrast phase objects. By constructing reflected light paths, a metasurface can perform spatial differential operation via receiving the light directly reflected from a target. Therefore, our scheme is experimentally demonstrated as having remarkable universality, which can be used not only for opaque objects, but also for transparent pure phase objects. It provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, application for optical differential metasurfaces in precise detection of microscale surface topography.
Experimental realization of free-space continuous-variable quantum key distribution based on fiber Sagnac interferometer
Authors: Zheng Xue-Tao , Zhang Qi-Fa , Han Jing-yu , Ling Jie , Guo Guang-can , Han Zheng-Fu
Published: August 2023

The Gaussian-modulated coherent state (GMCS) is a well-known continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocol that is robust to incoherent background noise and can effectively suppress ambient light in free space. However, it is difficult to implement this protocol in free space using existing polarization coding schemes. In this Letter, we propose a polarization coding structure based on a self-compensating fiber Sagnac interferometer, which can reduce the required modulation voltage by two orders of magnitude and achieve fast and arbitrary polarization modulation, and experimentally demonstrate polarization coding-based GMCS CV-QKD for, it is believed, the first time. The proposed polarization modulation structure, which uses off-the-shelf fiber components, is compact, simple, and suitable for mobile terminals, such as flying lifts.
Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave and Time of Flight LIDAR with Single Photons: a Comparison
Authors: Staffas Theodor , Zwiller Val , Elshaari Ali
Published: August 2023

In this study, we delve into the characteristics and compare the performance of two prominent Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) technologies: Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) and Time of Flight (ToF). We construct a setup capable of performing both LIDAR methods at the single photon level using a Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector (SNSPD). We demonstrate the superior capabilities of FMCW LIDAR under low power conditions, being able to reconstruct 3D environments with probe signals of 20 nW compared to the > 100 nW required by ToF LIDAR with identical targets, integration time, and background interference. We also introduce a median de-noising filter to effectively combat typical 'salt and pepper' noise found in the FMCW images, further enhancing the performance. Using FMCW LIDAR we achieve a resolution of +/- 25 mm, mainly limited by non-linear phase noise in the probe laser. Compared to ToF's +/- 3 mm, mainly limited by the timing jitter of the setup. The results demonstrate the benefits of FMCW LIDAR in terms of power efficiency make it a compelling choice for LIDAR systems at the single photon level, particularly in power-conscious applications.
Digital solutions to follow up on discharged new parents—A systematic literature review
Authors: Pajalic Zada , Rauckiene Alona , Savosnick Grethe , Bartels Irena , Calleja-Agius Jean , Saplacan Diana , Jónsdóttir Sigríður Sía , Asadi-Azarbaijani Babak
Published: August 2023

New parents and their newborns are followed up after discharge either through home visits from midwives/nurses or using information and communication technology. This follow-up focuses on individual needs related to breastfeeding and infant feeding, practical advice on caring for babies, supporting and strengthening the new mother’s knowledge and self-confidence concerning child development and parenting skills, and supporting the relationship between parents and baby. This systematic review aims to integrate available research results that describe new parents’ experiences when health and care providers used telemedicine as a platform for follow-up after discharge from the childbirth department. This literature review was conducted following the PRISMA statement and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO CRD42021236912. The studies were identified through the following databases: AMED, Academic, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Ovid MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane database, and CINAHL. Results from these studies were compiled using thematic analysis. A total of 886 studies were identified. Screening resulted in eight studies that met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis produced the following themes: a) Flexibility and convenience of digital support, b) Digital literacy, c) Parents feeling safe with digital support, and d) Adequate substitute for physical meetings. New parents who live in a home environment with a relaxed atmosphere and around-the-clock digital support experience a sense of control, security, full attention, and encouragement. Digital follow up at home has proven effective because it can meet the support needs of new parents when necessary.
Impact of COVID-19 on routine childhood immunisations in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review
Authors: Dalton Milena , Sanderson Benjamin , Robinson Leanne J. , Homer Caroline S. E. , Pomat William , Danchin Margie , Vaccher Stefanie
Published: August 2023

Routine vaccines are critical to child health. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted essential health services, particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). We reviewed literature to determine the impact of COVID-19 on service delivery and uptake of routine childhood immunisation in LMICs. We reviewed papers published between March 2020 and June 2022 using a scoping review framework, and assessed each paper across the World Health Organisation health system strengthening framework. Our search identified 3,471 publications; 58 studies were included. One-quarter of studies showed routine childhood immunisation coverage declined (10% to 38%) between 2019 to 2021. Declines in the number of vaccine doses administered (25% to 51%), timeliness (6.2% to 34%), and the availability of fixed and outreach services were also reported. Strategies proposed to improve coverage included catch-up activities, strengthening supply chain and outreach services. Re-focusing efforts on increasing coverage is critical to improve child health and reduce the likelihood of disease outbreaks.
Comprehensive information-based differential gene regulatory networks analysis (CIdrgn): Application to gastric cancer and chemotherapy-responsive gene network identification
Authors: Park Heewon , Imoto Seiya , Miyano Satoru
Published: August 2023

Biological condition-responsive gene network analysis has attracted considerable research attention because of its ability to identify pathways or gene modules involved in the underlying mechanisms of diseases. Although many condition-specific gene network identification methods have been developed, they are based on partial or incomplete gene regulatory network information, with most studies only considering the differential expression levels or correlations among genes. However, a single gene-based analysis cannot effectively identify the molecular interactions involved in the mechanisms underlying diseases, which reflect perturbations in specific molecular network functions rather than disorders of a single gene. To comprehensively identify differentially regulated gene networks, we propose a novel computational strategy called comprehensive analysis of differential gene regulatory networks (CIdrgn). Our strategy incorporates comprehensive information on the networks between genes, including the expression levels, edge structures and regulatory effects, to measure the dissimilarity among networks. We extended the proposed CIdrgn to cell line characteristic-specific gene network analysis. Monte Carlo simulations showed the effectiveness of CIdrgn for identifying differentially regulated gene networks with different network structures and scales. Moreover, condition-responsive network identification in cell line characteristic-specific gene network analyses was verified. We applied CIdrgn to identify gastric cancer and itsf chemotherapy (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) -responsive network based on the Cancer Dependency Map. The CXC family of chemokines and cadherin gene family networks were identified as gastric cancer-specific gene regulatory networks, which was verified through a literature survey. The networks of the olfactory receptor family with the ASCL1/FOS family were identified as capecitabine- and oxaliplatin sensitive -specific gene networks. We expect that the proposed CIdrgn method will be a useful tool for identifying crucial molecular interactions involved in the specific biological conditions of cancer cell lines, such as the cancer stage or acquired anticancer drug resistance.
Trophic amplification: A model intercomparison of climate driven changes in marine food webs
Authors: Guibourd de Luzinais Vianney , du Pontavice Hubert , Reygondeau Gabriel , Barrier Nicolas , Blanchard Julia L. , Bornarel Virginie , Büchner Matthias , Cheung William W. L. , Eddy Tyler D. , Everett Jason D. , Guiet Jerome , Harrison Cheryl S. , Maury Olivier , Novaglio Camilla , Petrik Colleen M. , Steenbeek Jeroen , Tittensor Derek P. , Gascuel Didier
Published: August 2023

Marine animal biomass is expected to decrease in the 21st century due to climate driven changes in ocean environmental conditions. Previous studies suggest that the magnitude of the decline in primary production on apex predators could be amplified through the trophodynamics of marine food webs, leading to larger decreases in the biomass of predators relative to the decrease in primary production, a mechanism called trophic amplification. We compared relative changes in producer and consumer biomass or production in the global ocean to assess the extent of trophic amplification. We used simulations from nine marine ecosystem models (MEMs) from the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Models Intercomparison Project forced by two Earth System Models under the high greenhouse gas emissions Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP5-8.5) and a scenario of no fishing. Globally, total consumer biomass is projected to decrease by 16.7 ± 9.5% more than net primary production (NPP) by 2090–2099 relative to 1995–2014, with substantial variations among MEMs and regions. Total consumer biomass is projected to decrease almost everywhere in the ocean (80% of the world’s oceans) in the model ensemble. In 40% of the world’s oceans, consumer biomass was projected to decrease more than NPP. Additionally, in another 36% of the world’s oceans consumer biomass is expected to decrease even as projected NPP increases. By analysing the biomass response within food webs in available MEMs, we found that model parameters and structures contributed to more complex responses than a consistent amplification of climate impacts of higher trophic levels. Our study provides additional insights into the ecological mechanisms that will impact marine ecosystems, thereby informing model and scenario development.
Adherence to self-care practices and associated factors among heart failure patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bekele Firomsa , Tafese Lalise , Demsash Addisalem Workie , Tesfaye Hana , Labata Busha Gamachu , Fekadu Ginenus
Published: August 2023

Background

Heart failure is the leading cause of hospital stays, medical expenses, and fatalities, and it is a severe problem for worldwide public health. Successful heart failure therapy requires a high level of self-care as well as devotion to different elements of the treatment plan. Despite the positive effects of heart failure self-care on health outcomes, many heart failure patients engage in insufficient self-care behaviors. Additionally, conflicting information has been found regarding the prevalence and predictors of self-care behaviors in Ethiopia. As a result, this review’s objective is to provide an overview of the most recent studies on Ethiopian heart failure patients’ self-care practices.

Methods

We have used four databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. Eventually, the final systematic review and meta-analysis contained eleven papers that matched the eligibility requirements. A systematic data extraction check list was used to extract the data, and STATA version 14 was used for the analysis. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 tests and the Cochrane Q test statistic. To examine publication bias, a funnel plot, Egger’s weighted regression, and Begg’s test were utilized.

Result

The pooled magnitude of adherence to self-care was 35.25% (95%CI: 27.36–43.14). The predictors of good adherence to self-care behavior includes heart failure knowledge (odds ratio = 5.26; 95% CI, 3.20–8.65), absence of depressive symptoms (odds ratio = 3.20;95% CI,1.18–8.70), higher level of education (AOR = 3.09;95%CI,1.45–6.61), advanced New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (odds ratio = 2.66; 95% CI, 1.39–5.07), absence of comorbidity(odds ratio = 2.92; 95% CI,1.69–5.06) and duration of heart failure symptoms(odds ratio = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.24–0.58).

Conclusion

The extent of self-care behavior adherence is shown to be low among heart failure patients. This study showed a positive relationship between self-care behavior and factors such as proper understanding of heart failure, the absence of co-morbidity, depression, higher levels of education, a longer duration of heart failure symptoms, and advanced classes of heart failure disease. Therefore, a continuous health education should be given for patients to enhance their understanding of heart failure. Besides, special attention should be given for patients having co-morbidity and depressive symptom.
Rock art and frontier conflict in Southeast Asia: Insights from direct radiocarbon ages for the large human figures of Gua Sireh, Sarawak
Authors: Huntley Jillian , Taçon Paul S. C. , Jalandoni Andrea , Petchey Fiona , Dotte-Sarout Emilie , William Mohammad Sherman Sauffi
Published: August 2023

Gua Sireh, located in western Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo), is known for its rock art. The cave houses hundreds of charcoal drawings depicting people, often with headdresses, knives and other accoutrements. Here, we present direct radiocarbon dates and pigment characterizations from charcoal drawings of two large (>75 cm), unique Gua Sireh human figures (anthropomorphs). To our knowledge, these are the first chronometric ages generated for Malaysian rock art, providing insights into the social contexts of art production, as well as the opportunities and challenges of dating rock art associated with the Malay/Austronesian diasporas in Southeast Asia more generally. Previous archaeological excavations revealed that people occupied Gua Sireh from around 20,000 years ago to as recently as AD 1900. The site is within Bidayuh territory, and these local Indigenous peoples recall the cave’s use as a refuge during territorial violence in the early 1800s. The age of the drawings, dated between 280 and 120 cal BP (AD 1670 to 1830), corresponds with a period of increasing conflict when the Malay elites controlling the region exacted heavy tolls on the local hill tribes. We discuss rock art production at Gua Sireh in this context of frontier conflict and Bidayuh resistance.
Sperm and northern bottlenose whale interactions with deep-water trawlers in the western North Atlantic
Authors: Oyarbide Usua , Feyrer Laura Joan , Gordon Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Commercial fisheries have increased in all the world’s oceans with diverse unintended impacts on marine ecosystems. As a result of resource overlap, interactions between cetaceans and fisheries are a common occurrence and, in many cases, can give rise to significant conservation issues. Research on the distribution and types of such interactions is important for efficient management. In this study, we describe the behaviors of two whale species: sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) and northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus), interacting with benthic trawlers fishing off the eastern Grand Banks of the western North Atlantic in 2007. Whale interactions were only observed when vessels were targeting Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) in deep-water fishing areas and were most common during net hauling. Sperm whales and northern bottlenose whales appeared to engage in feeding behavior close to the surface during hauling, especially during the latter stages, suggesting they targeted fish escapees rather than discards. Using photo-identification methods, seven individual sperm whales were identified with multiple resights of six individuals being recorded over an almost two month period. The maximum distance between two resights was 234 km, suggesting individual sperm whales were repeatedly targeting and even following fishing vessels over multiple days and between fishing areas. By contrast, there were no photographic resights of individual northern bottlenose whales within this study, or with substantial photo-identification catalogues from other adjacent high density areas, suggesting that individuals of this species may be less likely to follow vessels or move between areas. This study documents the earliest confirmed records of northern bottlenose whales in this remote region. These interactions and high encounter rates may indicate that adjacent populations are recovering from the previous century of commercial whaling. Our study provides new insights and details on whale-fisheries interactions, which can inform future research and help managers understand the real and perceived impacts of depredation behaviour on fisheries and whales.
Determination of drug-related problems among type 2 diabetes outpatients in a hospital in Vietnam: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Huong Duong Thi Ly , Hang Nguyen Thanh , Ly Nguyen Khanh , Nhat Nguyen Hong , Huong Nguyen Thi Lan , Hue Le Thi Phuong , Anh Dang Thi Lan , Dung Bui Thi Kim , Phuong Phung Minh , Lan Luong Thuy , Tung Truong Thanh , Hieu Nguyen Ngoc , Ly Ngo Hai
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Drug-related problems (DRPs) are common in clinical practice and occur at all stages of the medication process. The major factor contributing to DRPs is prescription, although patients’ poor adherence to treatment is also a significant factor. This study evaluated type 2 diabetes outpatients in a hospital in Vietnam for drug-related problems (DRPs) and related variables.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 495 outpatients who met the criteria and 157 people agreed to participate in the interview. Medication order review and medication adherence review were used to identify DRPs. The types of DRP were based on the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) categories version 9.0. The identification and assessment DRPs were carried out by clinical pharmacists and get agreed upon by physicians who had not directly prescribed patients who participated in the study.

Results

A total of 762 DRPs were identified via prescribing review process, the average number of DRP on each prescription was 1.54±1.07, while 412 DRPs were determined through patient interviewing. The most frequent DRPs were “ADR (Adverse Drug Reaction) occurring” (68.8%). The main causes were “patient is unable to understand instructions properly” or “patient is not properly instructed”, “patient stores insulin inappropriately”, “patient decides to use unnecessary drugs” and “patient intentionally uses/takes less drug than prescribed or does not take the drug at all for whatever reason” which accounted for 65.0%, 41.4%, 38.2%, and 28.7%, respectively. From the prescribing review, the most observed DRPs were “Inappropriate drug according to guidelines/formulary” and “No or incomplete drug treatment in spite of existing indication”, accounting for 45.0% and 42.9%, respectively. There was a significant association between age (OR 3.38, 95% CI: 1.01–11.30), duration of diabetes (OR 3.61, 95%CI: 1.11–11.74), presence of comorbidity (OR 5.31, 95%CI: 1.97–14.30), polypharmacy (OR: 2.95, 95%CI: 1.01–8.72) and DRPs. In patients, poor knowledge of antidiabetic agents was the main reason to lack adherence and occurring ADR (OR 2.73, 95%CI: 1.32–5.66, p = 0.007 and OR 2.49, 95%CI: 1.54–4.03, p = 0.001 respectively).

Conclusion

DRPs occurred in the prescribing stage and relating to patient’s behavior of drug administration was high. Clear identification of DRPs and the associated factors are essential for building the intervention process to improve effectiveness and safety in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Application of In vitro transcytosis models to brain targeted biologics
Authors: Deng Kangwen , Lu Yifeng , Finnema Sjoerd J. , Vangjeli Kostika , Huang Junwei , Huang Lili , Goodearl Andrew
Published: August 2023

The blood brain barrier (BBB) efficiently limits the penetration of biologics drugs from blood to brain. Establishment of an in vitro BBB model can facilitate screening of central nervous system (CNS) drug candidates and accelerate CNS drug development. Despite many established in vitro models, their application to biologics drug selection has been limited. Here, we report the evaluation of in vitro transcytosis of anti-human transferrin receptor (TfR) antibodies across human, cynomolgus and mouse species. We first evaluated human models including human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 and human colon epithelial cell line Caco-2 models. hCMEC/D3 model displayed low trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), strong paracellular transport, and similar transcytosis of anti-TfR and control antibodies. In contrast, the Caco-2 model displayed high TEER value and low paracellular transport. Anti-hTfR antibodies demonstrated up to 70-fold better transcytosis compared to control IgG. Transcytosis of anti-hTfR.B1 antibody in Caco-2 model was dose-dependent and saturated at 3 μg/mL. Enhanced transcytosis of anti-hTfR.B1 was also observed in a monkey brain endothelial cell based (MBT) model. Importantly, anti-hTfR.B1 showed relatively high brain radioactivity concentration in a non-human primate positron emission tomography study indicating that the in vitro transcytosis from both Caco-2 and MBT models aligns with in vivo brain exposure. Typically, brain exposure of CNS targeted biologics is evaluated in mice. However, antibodies, such as the anti-human TfR antibodies, do not cross-react with the mouse target. Therefore, validation of a mouse in vitro transcytosis model is needed to better understand the in vitro in vivo correlation. Here, we performed transcytosis of anti-mouse TfR antibodies in mouse brain endothelial cell-based models, bEnd3 and the murine intestinal epithelial cell line mIEC. There is a good correlation between in vitro transcytosis of anti-mTfR antibodies and bispecifics in mIEC model and their mouse brain uptake. These data strengthen our confidence in the predictive power of the in vitro transcytosis models. Both mouse and human in vitro models will serve as important screening assays for brain targeted biologics selection in CNS drug development.
Monkeypox genome mutation analysis using a timeseries model based on long short-term memory
Authors: Pathan Refat Khan , Uddin Mohammad Amaz , Paul Ananda Mohan , Uddin Md. Imtiaz , Hamd Zuhal Y. , Aljuaid Hanan , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin
Published: August 2023

Monkeypox is a double-stranded DNA virus with an envelope and is a member of the Poxviridae family’s Orthopoxvirus genus. This virus can transmit from human to human through direct contact with respiratory secretions, infected animals and humans, or contaminated objects and causing mutations in the human body. In May 2022, several monkeypox affected cases were found in many countries. Because of its transmitting characteristics, on July 23, 2022, a nationwide public health emergency was proclaimed by WHO due to the monkeypox virus. This study analyzed the gene mutation rate that is collected from the most recent NCBI monkeypox dataset. The collected data is prepared to independently identify the nucleotide and codon mutation. Additionally, depending on the size and availability of the gene dataset, the computed mutation rate is split into three categories: Canada, Germany, and the rest of the world. In this study, the genome mutation rate of the monkeypox virus is predicted using a deep learning-based Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model and compared with Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model. The LSTM model shows “Root Mean Square Error” (RMSE) values of 0.09 and 0.08 for testing and training, respectively. Using this time series analysis method, the prospective mutation rate of the 50th patient has been predicted. Note that this is a new report on the monkeypox gene mutation. It is found that the nucleotide mutation rates are decreasing, and the balance between bi-directional rates are maintained.
Synthesis of length-tunable DNA carriers for nanopore sensing
Authors: Roelen Zachary , Tabard-Cossa Vincent
Published: August 2023

Molecular carriers represent an increasingly common strategy in the field of nanopore sensing to use secondary molecules to selectively report on the presence of target analytes in solution, allowing for sensitive assays of otherwise hard-to-detect molecules such as small, weakly-charged proteins. However, existing carrier designs can often introduce drawbacks to nanopore experiments including higher levels of cost/complexity and carrier-pore interactions that lead to ambiguous signals and elevated clogging rates. In this work, we present a simple method of carrier production based on sticky-ended DNA molecules that emphasizes ease-of-synthesis and compatibility with nanopore sensing and analysis. In particular, our method incorporates the ability to flexibly control the length of the DNA carriers produced, enhancing the multiplexing potential of this carrier system through the separable nanopore signals they could generate for distinct targets. A proof-of-concept nanopore experiment is also presented, involving carriers produced by our method with multiple lengths and attached to DNA nanostructure targets, in order to validate the capabilities of the system. As the breadth of applications for nanopore sensors continues to expand, the availability of tools such as those presented here to help translate the outcomes of these applications into robust nanopore signals will be of major importance.
Candida albicans stimulates formation of a multi-receptor complex that mediates epithelial cell invasion during oropharyngeal infection
Authors: Phan Quynh T. , Solis Norma V. , Cravener Max V. , Swidergall Marc , Lin Jianfeng , Huang Manning Y. , Liu Hong , Singh Shakti , Ibrahim Ashraf S. , Mazzone Massimiliano , Mitchell Aaron P. , Filler Scott G.
Published: August 2023

Fungal invasion of the oral epithelium is central to the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC). Candida albicans invades the oral epithelium by receptor-induced endocytosis but this process is incompletely understood. We found that C. albicans infection of oral epithelial cells induces c-Met to form a multi-protein complex with E-cadherin and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). E-cadherin is necessary for C. albicans to activate both c-Met and EGFR and to induce the endocytosis of C. albicans. Proteomics analysis revealed that c-Met interacts with C. albicans Hyr1, Als3 and Ssa1. Both Hyr1 and Als3 are required for C. albicans to stimulate c-Met and EGFR in oral epithelial cells in vitro and for full virulence during OPC in mice. Treating mice with small molecule inhibitors of c-Met and EGFR ameliorates OPC, demonstrating the potential therapeutic efficacy of blocking these host receptors for C. albicans.
Enseñando el movimiento desde la danza en Costa Rica
Authors: Ávila Aguilar Marta , Mata González Erika
Published: August 2023

Este texto pretende dejar evidencia de algunas experiencias institucionales en Costa Rica que han participado, de manera colateral, en el proceso educativo del movimiento y sus expresiones corporales. Especialmente, explora la trayectoria de 50 años de la Escuela de Danza de la UNA como agente democratizador y la fuerte presencia de la danza contemporánea en el medio costarricense.
Danza, cuerpo y educación en Chile. Perspectivas de una relación compleja
Authors: Hurtado Escobar Lorena
Published: August 2023

Este artículo propone perspectivas en torno a la relación entre danza, cuerpo y enseñanza, a partir de la revisión de algunas prácticas corporales insertas en la educación formal en momentos concretos de la historia reciente en Chile. Tomaremos como punto de referencia el quiebre producido por el golpe de Estado perpetrado el 11 de septiembre de 1973, momento en que comenzó a instalarse el sistema neoliberal y se atentó en contra del cuerpo de muchos/as habitantes de nuestro país. Luego, nos referiremos al aporte de una de las escuelas de danza que se dedicó casi 30 años a la formación de pedagogas/os en danza en Chile, fundada en plena dictadura militar, la que contribuyó con nuevas perspectivas a la práctica y enseñanza de la danza y al entendimiento del cuerpo, contemporaneizando su quehacer. Finalmente, reflexionaremos acerca de la importancia de la formación corporal sensible en la sociedad actual. Trabajaremos desde la perspectiva de conocimiento situado de Donna Haraway (1991); de conceptualizaciones en torno al cuerpo del antropólogo y sociólogo David Le Breton; de experiencias de profesoras de danza chilenas, incluida la autora de este texto, y de otros autores que aportan al desarrollo de este.
Ventajas de la aplicación de la expresión corporal para el bienestar del alumnado
Authors: Garcías De Ves Silvia , Mateu Serra Mercè
Published: August 2023

El ser humano y la colectividad han recreado numerosas prácticas corporales que responden a las distintas dimensiones que desarrolla: práxica, social, expresiva, lúdica, social, laboral y/o afectiva, entre otras. La aparición de nuevas prácticas motrices no cesa, ya que la actualidad va configurando nuevos retos, nuevas formas de colaboración, originales formas de competición y, en definitiva, nuevas relaciones con nuestros cuerpos y con los de las personas que nos rodean. La práctica, tanto de clásicas como de incipientes modalidades, debe ir vinculada a un cuidado del cuerpo saludable. En el artículo se razona sobre la vinculación de las prácticas de Expresión Corporal y los lenguajes artísticos motores –especialmente la danza y el circo–, a la salud y el bienestar (físico, emocional, mental y social). Y lo hacemos explicando diferentes estudios realizados en torno a ese objetivo de salud. En España, durante el confinamiento se vio cómo las artes (música, danza, circo, entre otras) y la actividad física salían al rescate del bienestar generando relaciones positivas entre las personas que convivían en una casa y con el vecindario. Es por esta razón que se profundiza en las posibilidades que tiene el docente de Educación Física para proponer prácticas de EC, generar impacto emocional positivo y sensación de bienestar.
Generációk viszonya a lokális értékekhez Szeged Klebelsberg-telepen
Authors: Újvári Edit , Királykuti Anna
Published: August 2023

A Szeged Klebelsberg-telepi lakosság az 1920-as években felépülő városrészben alakította ki élénk közösségi életét. Ezek a lokális tradíciók és értékek a rendszerváltozást követően (az 1990-es évektől kezdődően) motivációt jelentettek a városrész civil közösségi életének újjászervezéséhez, intézményi kereteinek kialakításához, Klebelsberg Kuno tiszteletének felelevenítéséhez. Viszont a hagyományok fenntartása a Baby-boomer generáció munkájának köszönhető, a fiatalabb nemzedékek, különösen a Z-generációs nem, vagy csak kis részben kapcsolódnak be a közösségi programokba. Az előadás ennek okait helyezi fókuszpontba, a témára vonatkozó interjús kutatást is hasznosítva. Valamint ismertetünk egy olyan projekt-tervezet, amely a fiatalokat célozza: a program a Z-generációnak a lokális értékek ismeretébe való bevonásra irányul.
A vállalkozói motivációk és kompetenciák a generációk tükrében
Authors: Angyal Virág
Published: August 2023

Kutatásomban a vállalkozói motivációkat, kiemelve a vállalkozásalapítási motivációkat, illetve a vállalkozói kompetenciákat vizsgálom, melyhez kérdőívet alkalmaztam. Napjainkban egyre népszerűbb saját vállalkozást alapítani, legyen szó egyéni vállalkozásról vagy gazdasági társaságról. Emiatt a munkaerőpiacon jelentős arányban jelen vannak a vállalkozók, akik között már nemcsak az X és az Y, hanem a Z generáció tagjai is képviseltetik magukat. Vállalkozók három generációból, megannyi remek ötlettel és innovációval, melyekből a legkülönfélébb termékek és szolgáltatások születnek. Mi lehet a hajtőerő, hogy ezt a létet választják az emberek? Az önmegvalósítás? A függetlenség iránti vágy? Esteleg a kreativitás kibontakoztatása? Mi lehet a sikeres vállalkozók titka? Szerencsés csillagok alatt születtek, vagy a személyiségükben, kompetenciáikban rejlik a megoldás? A kutatásom egyik központi területe a vállalkozásalapítás motivációi. Figyelmet fordítottam a vállalkozói kompetenciák fontosságára és az önértékelésre is, melyből kiderül, hogy milyen kompetenciák jelennek meg erősségként, melyek szorulnak a jövőben fejlesztésre a kutatásban részt vett vállalkozóknál. Továbbá megvizsgálom, hogy milyen eltérések és egyezőségek figyelhetők meg a generációk között a vállalkozásalapítási motivációkat, illetve a vállalkozói kompetenciákat illetően.
Intergenerációs tanulás és tudásmegosztás közfeladatot ellátó szervezetekben
Authors: Tóth Balázs Szabolcs
Published: August 2023

Napjainkban az intergenerációs tanulás, a különböző generációk egymás közötti tudásátadása egyre inkább szükségessé válik a szervezetek eredményes működése érdekében. A nyugdíjkorhatár kitolódása, miatt egyre több generáció dolgozik együtt, jelenleg a Baby Boomer, az X, az Y és a Z generációsok is jelen vannak a munkahelyeken. A különböző generációk kompetenciái azonban egyediek és értékesek, elsajátításuk erőforrásokat igényel. Kutatásom tehát arra irányul, hogyan látják egymás kompetenciáit az egyes generációk a munkahelyeken és hogyan valósul meg köztük a tudásátadás, az intergenerációs tanulás. Megállapításaim szerint vannak olyan kompetenciák, amelyek egy adott generációra inkább jellemzőek, mint más generációkra, igazolódott, hogy a vizsgált szervezetekben nincs megfelelő hangsúly az intergenerációs tanulás szervezeti szintű ösztönzésén, a spontán megvalósuló tudásmegosztás jóval általánosabb.
„…eggya zutunk” Egyes tömegműfajok retorikai és színpadi újraértelmezése (Böröcz – Pálinkás – Szigeti: Éneklő fiatalok)
Authors: Szirmai Éva
Published: August 2023

2021 augusztusában a Trafó Kortárs Művészetek Háza adott otthont a Görög Befogadás – migrációs történetek tegnap és ma című fesztiválnak. Ennek a változatos műfajú műsorozatnak minden darabjában megjelenik két korszak (a 40-es évek vége, amikor mintegy hétezer görög menekültet fogadott be Magyarország – és napjaink) közelítése egymáshoz. Az Éneklő fiatalok három központi motívum (sport, befogadás, művészetpolitika) köré szerkesztett kórusszínházi előadás, amely éppen a műfaj megújításával teremt szerves kapcsolatot két generáció között. A tömegdalok igazi virágkora az 50-es évekre tehető. A tömegkultúra e jellegzetes műfajaváltozatos, többek között színpadi formákban is teret nyert, de – ellentétben a klasszikus folklóralkotásokkal – nagyfokú intézményesültség és politikai-ideológiai elköteleződés jellemzi. Ezt a hagyományt értelmezte újra az Éneklő fiatalok három szerzője és előadói, megújítva/létrehozva a kórusszínház műfaját és formai kereteit, az általuk NER-popként definiált kulturális jelenség elemeinek felhasználásával. Előadásomban azokat a vonatkozásokat igyekszem feltárni, amelyek egyrészt egy (anakronisztikusnak tetsző)előadásmód és műfaj továbbélését, másrészt a tömegdal és napjaink (generációs) tömegkultúrája közötti egybejátszásokat mutatják.
"Így változik a szabadidő" - avagy a médiatér hódítása
Authors: Mohos Edina
Published: August 2023

Katonai, szervezetfejlesztői fogalommal élve VUCA világban élünk, amit állandó gyors és hirtelen változások jellemeznek. Az elsősorban technológiai változások talán az ifjúsági korosztályt érintik leginkább. A digitalizáció, a különböző online platformok térnyerése évtizedek óta hatást gyakorol a szabadidő-eltöltési, illetve a kultúrafogyasztási szokásokra. Emiatt a közművelődési és kulturális intézményeknek számos könnyen elérhető passzív és rekreatív szórakozási lehetőségekkel kell versenyezniük a célcsoport figyelméért. Előadásomban, illetve a tanulmány keretein belül korábbi, vegyes módszertannal végzett kutatásaim eredményei mentén mutatom be a probléma forrásait, szabadidőfelhasználás modern jellemzőit, illetve az alkalmazkodási lehetőségeket. Kitérek a fiatalok modern szórakozási szokásai mellett a közművelődési intézményekben tapasztalt kihívásokra is.
Intergenerációs társadalmi mobilitás és könyvtárhasználat
Authors: Tóth Máté
Published: August 2023

A könyvtár magát hagyományosan olyan intézményrendszernek tekinti, amely hozzájárul a különböző státuszú, vagyoni helyzetű csoportok esélyegyenlőségének megteremtéséhez. Mindenkinek hozzáférést kínál az információs javakhoz, azoknak is, akik társadalmi helyzetük, vagy addig felhalmozott kulturális tőkéjük okán szűkölködnek abban.

A 2017-ben és 2019-ben Az én könyvtáram projekt keretében, országos reprezentatív mintán elvégzett kutatások igazolták, hogy a felsőfokú végzettségűek körében magasan felülreprezentáltak a könyvtárhasználók. Ez azt sugallja, hogy a könyvtár a szociális funkciójának csak igen korlátozott mértékben képes eleget tenni. A tanulmány arra keresi a választ, hogy a könyvtárhasználathoz való viszony hogyan alakul több generációt átívelően, közvetve pedig hozzájárul-e ahhoz, hogy az alacsonyabb végzettségű felnőttek gyerekei képesek legyenek nagyobb szeletét élvezni az információs javakhoz való hozzáférés adta előnyöknek.

A 2017-es és 2019-es országos olvasáskutatás adatai alapján a szülők iskolai végzettségének függvényében vizsgálom a gyermekek könyvtárakhoz való viszonyulásának alakulását. A felsőfokú végzettségű szülők gyerekei nagyobb arányban válnak-e könyvtárhasználókká? Mennyiben tudható be mindez a szülők könyvtárhoz való viszonyának és mennyiben külső tényezők függvénye?
Advances in Endohepatology
Authors: Laleman Wim , Mertens Joachim , Vanderschueren Emma , Praktiknjo Michael , Trebicka Jonel
Published: August 2023

Over the past decade, the number of endoscopic procedures relevant to patients with liver disease not only increased but also altered and expanded in terms of indications and applications. “Endohepatology” refers to the integration of advanced endoscopy within the practice of hepatology with endoscopic ultrasound as one of the main pillars. Current applications under the umbrella of endohepatology focus on advanced diagnostics and oncological, vascular, and metabolic interventions. These involve, among others, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided liver biopsy, EUS-guided portal pressure gradient measurement, and EUS-guided coil and glue embolization of gastric varices. In addition to its conceptually attractive technical and innovative characteristics, endohepatology is also an appealing practical option for daily practice because it can be offered as a “one-stop clinic” intervention where comprehensive endoscopic diagnostic and/or therapeutic testing is performed in a single outpatient visit. In this review, we will discuss current trends and future developments within endohepatology and the remaining hurdles to overcome.
Lumbar Artery Pseudoaneurysms Presenting as a Novel Complication of Severe, Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: Khurana Akash T. , Chittajallu Vibhu , Reed Steven , Sutter Christopher , Glessing Brooke
Published: August 2023

Splanchnic artery pseudoaneurysms are a known complication of necrotizing pancreatitis. Lumbar artery pseudoaneurysms are rare and usually associated with trauma, renal biopsy, or spinal procedures. We present a rare case of lumbar artery pseudoaneurysms as a complication of necrotizing pancreatitis. A 55-year-old man initially presented with necrotizing biliary pancreatitis complicated by peripancreatic necrotic fluid collections and walled-off necrosis requiring multiple endoscopic ultrasound-guided necrosectomies. Inferoposterior extension of collections to the retroperitoneum caused lumbar artery pseudoaneurysms, leading to hemorrhagic shock from retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal hemorrhages.