bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education of Future Language Workers: Supporting Students’ Startups as a Teaching Strategy
Authors: Bogdanova Svetlana Y. , Plastinina Nina A. , Stepanova Marina A.
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the role of student start-ups in general and their introduction into the academic curriculum as graduation projects in particular. The paper provides an overview and short history of the student start-up as a concept and the term, underlining, on the one hand, a contemporary demand for student entrepreneurship encouragement, their social capital built-up and University-industry collaboration but problematic ambiguity of their realization, on the other. The authors claim the innovations as it goes is most challenging for both teachers and students of non-business academic programs and requires a certain shift in teaching strategies as well as the curriculum. The paper dwells on the existing background of student start-ups in non-business fields and underlines that in such circumstances teaching and extracurricular activities become a major tool to promote the entrepreneurial intentions among the students. The authors claim the academic training can benefit from a suchlike approach and the transdisciplinary projects may serve as a practice-oriented cumulative ground for student start-ups. The paper illustrates how these projects can be implemented. The authors have stepped up their efforts towards introducing a student start-up to show how a certain student project can later launch them into business resulting in creating a new venture.
Legal Chronicle
Authors:   Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences, Vereshchagin Alexander N. , Pleshanova Olga P. ,   Infralex Law Firm, Bruk Boris Ya. ,   Nextons, Alexeev Vadim A. ,   HSE University,   Saint Petersburg State University, Kalyatin Vitaliy O. ,   Private Law Research Centre,   HSE University, Ivanov Anton A. ,   HSE University
Published: September 2024

In the August Chronicle read comments on the laws on raising court fees and tax reform, significant rulings of the Constitutional Court in relation to real estate and intellectual property rights and the Supreme Court on the possibility of confiscation of shares (“Iset plant” case), as well as on possible prospects for the development of the practice of state authorities to recover budget losses in addition to sanctions under the rules of civil law.
Wavelet Based Financial Forecast Ensemble Featuring Hybrid Quantum-Classical LSTM Model
Authors: Bigica Peter , Wang Xiaodi
Published: September 2024

One of the most sought-after goals in the financial world is a reliable method by which investors can predict a stock price movement consistently. Advancements in stock prediction via the use of machine learning have improved the accuracy of such predictions and yielded better ideas about value investments in the stock market. However, with the addition of the state-of-art tool M-band wavelet transform as a preprocessing step, we can denoise our raw data set (prior stock prices) and refine it to make the forecast even more accurate. Following this preprocessing step, multiple machine learning techniques are deployed to construct a robust, non-parametric hybrid forecasting model. To demonstrate the novelty of our algorithm, we present a case study on stock price prediction employing a discrete 4-band wavelet transform integrated with a hybrid machine learning ensemble. Our results underscore the potential and importance of such ensemble methods in refining the accuracy and reliability of financial forecasts. Furthermore, in theory, quantum computing can further optimize these algorithms, potentially leading to more precise stock price forecasts. In particular, our ensemble will feature a hybrid quantumclassical LSTM Model to demonstrate the potential of both wavelets and quantum computing in stock forecasting.
An environmental scan of studies reporting current practices for the conduct of environmental scans
Authors: Nguyen Tram , Esmail Aliya , Di Rezze Briano , Colquhoun Heather , Graham Ian
Published: September 2024

Objective: The objective of this environmental scan is to synthesize the published, peer-reviewed literature specific to the term ‘environmental scan’ to determine how it is currently being used in health research and to propose some promising practices.
Background: Environmental scans are becoming increasingly popular in synthesizing information on emergent topics and describing practice and research scope. Despite the growing use of environmental scans in health research, including nursing and rehabilitation, limited attention is given to methodological best practices. It is essential that we develop knowledge in this area to assist researchers, trainees, healthcare professionals, educators, and decision-makers with the use and reporting of environmental scans.
Study design and methods: This environmental scan included a search of four health databases: CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. We included peer-reviewed studies published between 2000-2024 in English using two key terms, ‘environmental scan’ and ‘health’. Studies were included that described methods used in conducting an environmental scan.
Results: We identified 56 studies describing methods for conducting environmental scans. A synthesis of these studies revealed four promising practices: 1) consider environmental/contextual influences, 2) use of multiple data sources and approaches, 3) engage stakeholders to ensure relevance/need and increase uptake, and 4) use of outcomes to address knowledge or service gap to optimise impact.
Conclusion: The findings of this environmental scan are among the first to examine methodological studies to determine promising practices for conducting environmental scans across health disciplines. 
Implications for research, policy, and practice: The findings of this novel environmental scan are beneficial for health professionals, researchers, trainees, educators, and decision-makers in informing research, practice, and policy change
 What is already known about the topic? 

The use of environmental scans is becoming increasingly popular in health research, including nursing and rehabilitation.
There is a lack of consistency in the use and reporting of environmental scans across health disciplines.

What this paper adds

This environmental scan is among the first to contribute foundational knowledge and innovation in promising best practices for the conduct of environmental scans in health research.
The novel findings will assist in promoting consistency in the use and reporting of environmental scans.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FAIRY TALES IN CHILDREN'S LITERATURE
Authors:   Lecturers Of Uzbekistan State University Of World Languages, Uzbekistan, Urakova Hulkar , Azimova Anora ,   Lecturers Of Uzbekistan State University Of World Languages, Uzbekistan
Published: September 2024

Special works created by authors for children are referred to as children's literature. Children's reading enhances children's spiritual development and provides them with enjoyment in both education and the arts. Children's literature is tied to the reality of diverse social phenomena in life and human existence, and it uses its creative medium to represent these facts, just like all other domains of social consciousness and ideological labour. In this article, we discuss comparative features of Uzbek and British fairy tales which can provide the young generation with real intellectual, moral, aesthetic and physical education.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY OF AGROCLUSTERS AND IMPROVEMENT OF THEIR EVALUATION METHODOLOGY
Authors:   Associate Professor, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Candidate Of Economics, Uzbekistan, Sayitkulovich Ochilov Ilhom
Published: September 2024

In this article, the factors influencing the financial efficiency of agroclusters and the improvement of their evaluation methodology are studied. An econometric analysis of the factors influencing the financial efficiency of agroclusters has been carried out, and forecast indicators of efficiency have been recommended.
GENDER INFLUENCE ON MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Asia International University Uzbekistan, Baxtiyorovich Hamidov Saidjon
Published: September 2024

This study explores the gender influence on management decision-making in small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in Uzbekistan. The research aims to identify and analyze the differences in decision-making approaches between male and female entrepreneurs, particularly in the context of an evolving economic landscape. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to provide a comprehensive understanding of how gender impacts managerial choices, risk tolerance, and strategic planning. Findings suggest that gender-specific factors significantly affect decision-making processes, with female entrepreneurs demonstrating distinct approaches to risk management, resource allocation, and leadership styles compared to their male counterparts. The results underscore the importance of considering gender dynamics in the development of policies and support systems aimed at fostering SME growth and sustainability in Uzbekistan.
THE IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING GENERAL PIANO SCIENCE IN MUSIC AND ART HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Teacher of the Uzbek National Music Art Institute named after Yunus Rajabi, Uzbekistan, Allakulovna Radjabova Dilfuza
Published: September 2024

This article analyzes the importance of teaching general piano science in music and art higher education institutions, its role in the formation of students' musical thinking and performance skills. General piano lessons help students develop musical knowledge, technical skills, and creative abilities. Also, the article considers the place of piano science in the curriculum, effective methods used in the educational process, and important aspects of organizing lesson processes. Through this subject, students not only develop their creative potential, but also acquire the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary for successful work as a professional musician in the future.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Problemli Sosyal Medya Kullanımının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: Topal Murat , Küçük Avcı Şirin , İstanbullu Aslihan
Published: September 2024

Sosyal medya, dünyamızı her açıdan değiştirmiştir. Sosyal medya eğlence, bilgi paylaşımı, oyun ve dünyanın her yerinden insanlarla iletişim sağlayarak hayatımızı zenginleştirirken, özellikle üniversite öğrencileri için sosyal bir soruna dönüşebilmektedir. Öğrenciler sosyal medya kullanımını kontrol edemediklerinde günlük hayatta olumsuz sonuçlarla karşı karşıya kalabilmektedir. Bu durum literatürde Problemli Sosyal Medya Kullanımı olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı problemli sosyal medya kullanımının çeşitli değişkenler açısından (cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim düzeyi, yıllık kullanım ve günlük kullanım miktarı) incelenmesidir. Çalışmada nicel desenlerden tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu kolay örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışma grubu Amasya Üniversitesi’nde önlisans ve lisans eğitim düzeyinde ve farklı bölümlerde öğrenim gören 507 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veriler Demografik Bilgiler Formu ve Sosyal Medya Bozukluğu Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Veri analizinde SPSS 25 programı kullanılmıştır. Veriler tek yönlü ANOVA ve bağımsız örneklemler için t-testi kullanarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda kadınların erkeklere göre daha fazla sosyal medya kullandığı bulunmuştur. 18-25 yaş aralığındaki öğrenciler diğer yaş gruplarına göre daha fazla sosyal medya kullanmaktadır. Çalışmada öğrencilerin farklı eğitim düzeylerinde olmalarının, problemli sosyal medya kullanımını etkilemediği bulunmuştur. 6-8 yıldır sosyal medya kullanan öğrenciler diğerlerine göre daha yüksek problemli sosyal medya kullanımına sahip olarak görülmüştür. Bunun yanında, günlük sosyal medya kullanımı 6 saat ve üzeri olan öğrenciler diğerlerine göre daha yüksek problemli sosyal medya kullanımına sahip olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular ışında, problemli sosyal medya kullanımına sahip olan belli bir grubun demografik özellikleri ortaya koyulmuştur. Yapılan çalışma özellikle gençlerin problemli sosyal medya kullanımı ile ilgili farkındalık oluşturmalarına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
THE EFFECT OF SUPPORT LAYER MATERIAL AND ADHESIVE TYPE ON COMPRESSIVE DYNAMIC BENDING AND SHEAR STRENGTH IN LAMINATED WOOD
Authors: ULAŞAN HILAL , SÖĞÜTLÜ CEVDET
Published: September 2024

In this study, strength properties of wood material reinforced with carbon fiber fabric, steel wire mesh and bamboo veneer were determined. Polyvinylacetate (PVAc) and polyurethane (PUR) glues (D4)were used for the lamellas obtained from Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.). Compressive strength according to TS EN 408+A1; dynamic bending (shock) strength according toTS ISO 13061-10 and shear strength according to ASTM D 3110 were determined on 3 and 5-layers samples. According to the results, the highest compressive strength (62.8 N/mm2) was found in 5-layerseastern beech samples reinforced with carbon fiber fabric and bonded with PUR glue. The highest dynamic bending strength value (110.8 kJ/m2) was found in 5-layerseastern beech samples reinforced with carbon fiber fabric and bonded with PUR glue and the highest shear strength value (12.3 N/mm2) in 3-layered eastern beech samples reinforced with steel wire mesh and bonded with PUR glue.
Diseño de materiales didácticos para la enseñanza de la cultura y tradiciones de los estudiantes de octavo año de educación básica
Authors: Tipán Choloquinga María Juana , Pérez Villena Luis Adrián
Published: September 2024

El presente estudio aborda el diseño de materiales didácticos para la enseñanza de cultura y tradiciones a estudiantes de octavo año de educación básica. Utilizando una metodología mixta cualitativa-cuantitativa, se investigaron las necesidades de estudiantes y docentes en relación con la enseñanza de temas culturales. Los resultados revelan que la mayoría de los estudiantes tienen un interés moderado en su cultura y tradiciones, mientras que los docentes reconocen la importancia de estos temas, pero enfrentan desafíos en su enseñanza. Se identificaron varios desafíos clave, incluyendo la falta de recursos tecnológicos, el desinterés de algunos estudiantes y la necesidad de materiales didácticos innovadores. Las estrategias exitosas incluyeron el uso de dramatizaciones, juegos y actividades prácticas. Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de integrar las TIC en la enseñanza, adoptar enfoques pedagógicos y desarrollar materiales culturalmente relevantes. El estudio concluye que el diseño efectivo de materiales didácticos para la enseñanza de cultura y tradiciones debe contener metodologías participativas y contenido culturalmente auténtico. Se recomienda la colaboración entre educadores, expertos culturales y miembros de la comunidad para desarrollar recursos que no solo transmitan conocimientos, sino también fomenten la apreciación de la diversidad cultural y el desarrollo de una identidad cultural sólida en los estudiantes.
Cardiopatías Congénitas en la Era Post Covid
Authors: Sotomayor Cruz Sheyla Hazel , Morales Yepez Sayaris Patricia , Padilla Contreras Sirly Patricia , Sirly Patricia  , Cerón Bolaños Christian Javier
Published: September 2024

Las cardiopatías congénitas (CC) se definen como las malformaciones cardíacas presentes en el momento del nacimiento como consecuencia de alteraciones en la organogénesis. Su prevalencia oscila entre 4 y 9 por cada 1000 nacidos vivos y sin duda , es un factor que impacta negativamente en la sobrevida del individuo. Por su parte, el COVID 19 es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, en los pacientes con una evolución crítica de la enfermedad, las principales manifestaciones clínicas se asocian a un síndrome de disnea aguda, neumonía bilateral, insuficiencia cardíaca, disfunción multiorgánica y shock séptico. Ahora bien, la pandemia del COVID-19 ha aumentado la complejidad en el manejo de cardiopatías congénitas (CC), quienes presentan un mayor riesgo de complicaciones cardiovasculares incluyendo arritmias, disfunción valvular, y daño miocárdico así como una mayor duración de hospitalizaciones en comparación de aquellos pacientes sin cardiopatías congénitas. Por lo tanto, en el presente artículo se revisan las cardiopatías congénitas en la era post covid.
El Papel de la Neuropsicología en la Educación
Authors: Pintado Paltán Erika Margoth
Published: September 2024

El presente artículo que lleva por título "EL PAPEL DE LA NEUROPSICOLOGÍA EN LA EDUCACIÓN" tiene el propósito de explorar la intersección entre la neuropsicología y la educación, resaltando de qué manera esta disciplina contribuye al desarrollo de estrategias educativas para que sean más efectivas y adaptadas a las necesidades de los estudiantes. Para dar cumplimiento a este propósito se realiza una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura y estudios clave, se analiza cómo la neuropsicología infantil influye en la educación especial, enfatizando los aportes de una serie de investigaciones desarrolladas en torno a este ámbito. Se examinan también estrategias de aprendizaje y atención en alumnos de educación primaria, sistemáticamente se revisa la relación entre neuropsicología y educación en el sistema escolar; Finalmente, se toma en cuenta posibles aportes de la neuropsicología a la educación, subrayando la importancia de integrar los conocimientos neuropsicológicos en la práctica educativa encaminados a mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Enhancing load capacity of reinforced concrete columns using high strength concrete and fiber reinforcement
Authors: Ali Shaima Sabri , Hassoon Alaa , Abbas Hajer Satih , Albassam Bassam Farman
Published: September 2024

Strengthening of structural elements is sometimes necessary for architectural purposes to withstand additional loads without cross-section enlargement. This study evaluates the structural performance of reinforced concrete columns toughened using high-strength concrete, steel fiber concrete of 1% volume fraction, and near-surface mounted NSM steel or carbon fiber reinforced polymer CFRP bars. Five columns of 0.15×0.15×1 m were cast and axially loaded till failure. The investigational consequences revealed that a load-carrying capacity and stiffness augmented by 55.1 and 91.1% when the compressive strength is 1.5 times the normal with a ductility decrease of 28.2% whereas steel fiber concrete raised them by 34.3, 6.4, and 11.6%. In addition, NSM steel or CFRP bars exhibited ultimate loads and stiffness 13.6 to 29.7% and 17.2 to 21.7% higher than the non-strengthened column. However, the ductility decreased by 2.5 to 12.4%.
Investigation of modification of petroleum bitumen with fine rubber crumb
Authors:   CASPIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING NAMED AFTER SH. YESSENOV, Akkenzheyeva A.Sh. , Bussurmanova A.Ch. ,   CASPIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING NAMED AFTER SH. YESSENOV, Ibrayeva М.М. ,   CASPIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING NAMED AFTER SH. YESSENOV, Boranbayeva А.N. ,   CASPIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING NAMED AFTER SH. YESSENOV, Aimova M.Zh. ,   CASPIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING NAMED AFTER SH. YESSENOV, Yensegenova U.К. ,   CASPIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING NAMED AFTER SH. YESSENOV, Mustapayeva G.Т. ,   CASPIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING NAMED AFTER SH. YESSENOV
Published: September 2024

Currently, in the world, due to the constant desire for recycling, many countries are considering the possibility of using rubber waste on roads. Bitumen modification for roads in Kazakhstan is considered one of the most suitable and popular approaches. This article presents the results of research on the modification of bitumen with rubber chips obtained from rubber waste. The document describes in detail the details of using rubber chips as bitumen modifiers, with particular emphasis on how they can potentially be used to improve bitumen performance and road durability. A wet process is used to produce rubber-bitumen binders. The wet process modifies the asphalt binder directly by pre-mixing with rubber crumbs at elevated temperatures, it leads to the fact that the material turns out to be the most stable, with increased elasticity and viscosity at high temperatures. The main physical and mechanical characteristics of the modified bitumen were determined after standard tests: penetration and plasticity, softening temperatures. The morphology of the modified bitumen was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The results confirm that bitumen modified with a rubber crumb with the addition of SBS meets the requirements for a polymer-bitumen binder of Kazakhstani standards and, according to its physico-chemical characteristics, is suitable for the production of modified bitumen.
Obstacles in the Implementation of Online Loans in Indonesia (Based on Protection Law Consumer)
Authors: Sigalingging Bagas Pratama , Putri Anggya Nurmala , Yusnita Ummi
Published: September 2024

Online loans are platforms that allow individuals or businesses to apply for and obtain loans over the internet. Online loans offer convenience and accessibility. However, there are also illegal online loans that are harmful to their users. This is the background for the emergence of two problem formulations, namely how legal regulations governing the practice of online loans and how consumer legal protection in online loans. The research method used is normative juridical. The results found that Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK) as the responsible authority has issued Financial Services Authority Regulations (Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/POJK) No. 77/POJK.01/2016 on Information Technology-Based Money Lending and Borrowing Services. However, the implementation and effectiveness of this regulation is still a big challenge. Many online lending platforms operate without a license and ignore the applicable regulations, thus posing a high risk to consumers. Recipients of online loans can be said to be consumers because they are users of a service. In this case, online loan services, consumer protection has been regulated in Law No. 8 of 1999 of Consumer Protection, and regarding consumer protection in online loans has also been regulated in POJK No. 77/POJK.01/2016 and Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 3 of 2023 on Bank Indonesia Consumer Protection, although there are already regulations governing online loan consumers, online loan consumer protection is still a problem because many illegal online loans are always looking for loopholes and circumvent existing regulations.
The influence of supervisor incivility on turnover intention mediated by emotional exhaustion: A moderating effect of self-esteem
Authors:   Academic Society of Global Business Administration, Kim Tae Yeon , Ham Yong Il , Kim Jeong Min , Lee Sang Ho
Published: September 2024

This study focused on supervisor incivility and its relationship with employee turnover intention in the context of increasing issues and related research on workplace incivility globally. Based on conservation of resources theory, we proposed and tested a hypothesis regarding the mediating effect of emotional exhaustion in the relationship between supervisor incivility and turnover intentions. Additionally, from the perspective of self-verification theory, we proposed and tested a hypothesis about the moderating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between supervisor incivility and emotional exhaustion.
A survey was conducted with employees in large and small companies for data collection and a total of 331 questionnaires were used for hypothesis testing. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to test the hypotheses, and the results supported all hypotheses. First, supervisor incivility was shown to positively reltates to employee turnover intention. Second, it was shown that supervisor incivility influenced employees’ emotional exhaustion, which in turn affected turnover intentions. Third, employee’s self-esteem was found to positively moderate the relationship between supervisor incivility and emotional exhaustion.
This study verified the mediating effect of emotional exhaustion and the moderating effect of self-esteem. Particularly, the moderating effect of self-esteem from the perspective of self-verification theory has theoretical significance in that it help explain the results of provious studies in which the moderating effect in negative leadership situations was contrary to the hypothesis. The result showing that supervisor incivility can be more negative for employees with high self-esteem suggests the need to seriously recognize the problem of supervisor incivility and to take preventive measures in practice. In addition to theoretical and practical implications, future research issues were discussed.
Efectos de largo plazo de la implementación de la infraestructura ecológica en las fincas cafeteras.
Authors: Córdoba Claudia Carolina , Rodríguez-Valencia Nelson , Gómez-Guerra Valeria , Méndez-Buitrago José David , Quintero-Yepes Laura
Published: September 2024

En este artículo se presenta la evaluación de impacto del proyecto “El agua en el corazón de las comunidades cafeteras” en el cuidado ambiental de las fincas dedicadas a la caficultura en el departamento del Tolima. Con una metodología de diferencias-en-diferencias, se encontró que el proyecto logró impactos positivos en el ahorro, acceso y reducción de la contaminación del agua, con una buena apropiación y percepción por parte de los beneficiarios del proyecto por el incremento en su productividad y la valorización de sus predios.
Revelando las dinámicas de gobernanza de la cadena del café en Colombia: una revisión del estado del arte.
Authors: Samoggia Antonella , Gómez-Guerra Andrea
Published: September 2024

El café es uno de los productos básicos más comercializados en los mercados mundiales. Sin embargo, el sector cafetero muestra importantes asimetrías y desigualdades en la cadena de valor, tanto a nivel local como global. Aunque los instrumentos de mercado pueden abordar estos desequilibrios, se reconoce cada vez más la necesi- dad de modelos de gobernanza que garanticen la retribución justa en todas las cadenas de suministro del café, desde la producción agrícola hasta el tostado y el consumo del grano. Este artículo ofrece una revisión y análisis del estado del arte de los estudios de investigación sobre las dinámicas de gobernanza en la cadena del café en Colombia, un productor mundial clave con características relevantes de gobernanza de la cadena. La revisión abarca artículos publicados de 2008 a 2023, periodo que coincide con importantes transformaciones políticas y económicas en el país. El análisis y la discusión de los hallazgos resaltan cuestiones y conocimientos claves para futuras investigaciones que identifiquen estrategias potenciales que promuevan la equidad y la sostenibilidad en la gobernanza de la cadena cafetera colombiana.
Reflexión sobre los instrumentos para abordar los desequilibrios en la cadena de valor del Café.
Authors: Castro-Mantilla María del Rosario , Córdoba Claudia Carolina , Leibovich José , Izquierdo-Mayorga Juan Manuel
Published: September 2024

En este documento se hace una reflexión sobre los instrumentos identificados por Fantini y Samoggia (2023), para entender, abordar y hacer frente a las asimetrías que se generan entre los actores que participan en la cadena de valor del café. Este documento se escribe con el objetivo de aportar a la construcción de conocimiento dirigido al logro de una caficultura más sostenible. La reflexión se hace a partir de: (i) La evidencia adicional a los hallazgos de Fantini y Samoggia (2023); (ii) la caracterización de los caficultores que usan algunos de los instrumentos señalados en la literatura para equilibrar su participación en la cadena de valor, (iii) el suministro de información sobre la implementación de estos instrumentos en Colombia y (iv) la apertura al debate y líneas de investigación sobre las propuestas para el equilibrio de la cadena de valor en la caficultura.
Dietary Acculturation Among International Students in the United Kingdom
Authors: Aravind Shetty Amrit Raj , Nikita Annie Baiju  , Chirayath Ruth Bright
Published: September 2024

There is a significant rise in the proportion of international students pursuing tertiary education in the United Kingdom. This population coming from different countries faces a lot of challenges which contribute to negative health effects and needs further attention. One among these challenges is dietary acculturation. This systematic review aims to explore the factors influencing dietary acculturation and its public health impacts among international students in the UK. Five online databases namely ProQuest Central, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and Medline were searched, and nine qualitative articles were selected that met the eligibility criteria which were then assessed for quality using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Methodology involved data extraction and a thematic synthesis, which identified three themes and several sub-themes. The findings of this review indicate that dietary acculturation among international students was affected by tight academic schedules and global fast-food chains. This led to students consuming unhealthy food, contributing to weight gain. However, having social ties and interaction were found to be helpful in dietary acculturation. Higher education institutions can emphasis on nutrition education with focus on substitute foods, alternatives to unhealthy choices, and initiatives to make bicultural food accessible to the students to make the new environment conducive to learning. Public health policies as well as regulations can be made on informed decisions based on an understanding of differences and specific needs of the foreign student population.
THE DECLINE AND REVITALISATION OF TRANSHUMANCE IN THE VALLES OCCIDENTALES OF SPAIN’S ARAGONESE PYRENEES
Authors: Fernández-Giménez María E.
Published: September 2024

This case study of the decline and revitalisation of transhumance in the Valles Occidentales challenges the dominant narrative that transhumance is a practice of the past without present-day relevance and viability. Drawing from interviews and participant observation with current and former transhumant herders in 2010 and 2018, this case illustrates that transhumance remains an important adaptation to take advantage of varying forage availability over space and time, using a production system that is more profitable than semi-extensive management with winter stable feeding. Social concerns, rising winter-forage costs and declining labour availability led most herders in the Valles to abandon transhumance in the 1980s. In the 2010s, increasing profitability, changing technology and increasing cooperation facilitated revitalisation, while shifting social norms and gender roles both facilitated and challenged continuity of transhumance. This case study suggests a number of interventions that could support revitalisation and continued viability of transhumance in other regions of Spain.

This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC 4.0 licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
.
Ilse Köhler-Rollefson,
Hoofprints on the Land: How Traditional Herding and Grazing Can Restore the Soil and Bring Animal Agriculture Back in Balance with the Earth
Authors: RODGERS CORY
Published: September 2024

This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC 4.0 licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
.
The Pre-perihelion Evolution of the Activity of Comet C/2017 K2 (Pan-STARRS) during the Water Ice-line Crossover
Authors: Kwon Yuna G. , Bagnulo Stefano , Markkanen Johannes , Kolokolova Ludmilla , Agarwal Jessica , Lippi Manuela , Gray Zuri
Published: September 2024

Comets, relics from the early solar system, consist of dust and ice. The ice sublimates as comets approach the Sun, ejecting dust from their nuclei seen as activity. Different volatiles sublimate at different Sun–comet distances and eject dust of unique sizes, structures, and compositions. In this study, we present new polarimetric observations of Oort cloud comet C/2017 K2 (Pan-STARRS) in R- and I-filter domains before, during, and after its crossover of the water-ice sublimation regime at phase angles of 15.°9, 10.°5, and 20.°0, respectively. Combining multiband optical imaging data covering a wide range of heliocentric distances (∼14−2.3 au), we aim to characterize the pre-perihelion evolution of cometary activity as well as the properties of its coma dust. Two discontinuous brightening events were observed: at ∼6 au presumably associated with changes in CO-like supervolatile ice activity, and at ∼2.9 au when water ice took over. Particularly, the latter activation is accompanied by changes in coma morphology and color whose trends differ between the inner (∼103 km) and outer (∼104 km) parts of the coma. No polarimetric discontinuities on the comet were observed over the inner coma region, all epochs showing phase-angle and wavelength dependencies compatible with those of active comets observed in similar observing geometry. During this period, the underlying dust continuum overwhelmed Hα emission at around 656.3 nm, suggesting less water ice on the comet’s surface than expected. We discuss K2's coma environment by combining numerical simulations of light scattered by dust and place the observations within the context of the comet’s evolution.
The Environments of Fast Radio Bursts Viewed Using Adaptive Optics
Authors: Woodland Michele N. , Mannings Alexandra G. , Prochaska J. Xavier , Ryder Stuart D. , Marnoch Lachlan , Jorgenson Regina A. , Simha Sunil , Tejos Nicolas , Gordon Alexa , Fong Wen-fai , Kilpatrick Charles D. , Deller Adam T. , Glowacki Marcin
Published: September 2024

We present observations from the Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics System/Gemini South Adaptive Optics Imager at Gemini South of five fast radio burst (FRB) host galaxies of FRBs with subarcsecond localizations. We examine and quantify the spatial distributions and locations of the FRBs with respect to their host galaxy light distributions, finding a median host-normalized offset of 2.09 half-light radii (r

e
) and the trend that these FRBs occur in fainter regions of their host galaxies. When combined with the FRB host galaxy sample from Mannings et al., we find that FRBs are statistically distinct from Ca-rich transients in terms of light at the source location and from SGRBs and LGRBs in terms of host-normalized offset. We further find that most FRBs are in regions of elevated local stellar mass surface densities in comparison to the mean global values of their hosts. This, along with the finding that the FRB locations trace the distribution of stellar mass, points toward a possible similarity of the environments of CCSNe and FRBs. We also find that four out of five FRB hosts exhibit distinct spiral arm features, and the bursts originating from such hosts tend to appear on or close to their host’s spiral structure, with a median distance of 0.53 ± 0.27 kpc. With many well-localized FRB detections looming on the horizon, we will be able to better characterize the properties of FRB environments relative to their host galaxies and other transient classes. Such insights may only require us to double the number of FRBs with subarcsecond localizations.
A Tale of Two Molecules: The Underprediction of CO2 and Overprediction of PH3 in Late T and Y Dwarf Atmospheric Models
Authors: Beiler Samuel A. , Mukherjee Sagnick , Cushing Michael C. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Schneider Adam C. , Kothari Harshil , Marley Mark S. , Visscher Channon
Published: September 2024

The sensitivity and spectral coverage of JWST are enabling us to test our assumptions of ultracool dwarf atmospheric chemistry, especially with regards to the abundances of phosphine (PH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). In this paper, we use Near Infrared Spectrograph PRISM spectra (∼0.8−5.5 μm, R ∼ 100) of four late T and Y dwarfs to show that standard substellar atmosphere models have difficulty replicating the 4.1−4.4 μm wavelength range, as they predict an overabundance of phosphine and an underabundance of carbon dioxide. To help quantify this discrepancy, we generate a grid of models using PICASO, based on the Elf Owl chemical and temperature profiles, where we include the abundances of these two molecules as parameters. The fits to these PICASO models show a consistent preference for orders-of-magnitude higher CO2 abundances and a reduction in PH3 abundance as compared to the nominal models. This tendency means that the claimed phosphine detection in UNCOVER−BD−3 could instead be explained by a CO2 abundance in excess of standard atmospheric model predictions; however, the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum is not high enough to discriminate between these cases. We discuss atmospheric mechanisms that could explain the observed underabundance of PH3 and overabundance of CO2, including a vertical eddy diffusion coefficient (K
zz) that varies with altitude, incorrect chemical pathways, or elements condensing out in forms such as NH4H2PO4. However, our favored explanation for the required CO2 enhancement is that the quench approximation does not accurately predict the CO2 abundance, as CO2 remains in chemical equilibrium with CO after CO quenches.
The Origin of the Coherent Radio Flash Potentially Associated with GRB 201006A
Authors: Sarin Nikhil , Clarke Teagan A. , Magnall Spencer J. , Lasky Paul D. , Metzger Brian D. , Berger Edo , Sridhar Navin
Published: September 2024

Rowlinson et al. recently claimed the detection of a coherent radio flash 76.6 minutes after a short gamma-ray burst (GRB). They proposed that the radio emission may be associated with a long-lived neutron star engine. We show through theoretical and observational arguments that the coherent radio emission, if real and indeed associated with GRB 201006A and at the estimated redshift, is unlikely to be due to the collapse of the neutron star, ruling out a blitzar-like mechanism. Instead, we show if a long-lived engine was created, it must have been stable with the radio emission likely linked to the intrinsic magnetar activity. However, we find that the optical upper limits require fine-tuning to be consistent with a magnetar-driven kilonova: we show that neutron-star engines that do satisfy the optical constraints would have produced a bright kilonova afterglow that should already be observable by the Very Large Array or MeerKAT (for ambient densities typical for short GRBs). Given the optical limits and the current lack of a kilonova afterglow, we instead posit that no neutron star survived the merger, and the coherent radio emission was produced far from a black hole central engine via mechanisms such as synchrotron maser or magnetic reconnection in the jet—a scenario consistent with all observations. We encourage future radio follow-up to probe the engine of this exciting event and continued prompt radio follow-up of short GRBs.
The MIRI Exoplanets Orbiting White dwarfs (MEOW) Survey: Mid-infrared Excess Reveals a Giant Planet Candidate around a Nearby White Dwarf
Authors: Limbach Mary Anne , Vanderburg Andrew , Venner Alexander , Blouin Simon , Stevenson Kevin B. , MacDonald Ryan J. , Jenkins Sydney , Bowens-Rubin Rachel , Soares-Furtado Melinda , Morley Caroline , Janson Markus , Debes John , Xu Siyi , Kleisioti Evangelia , Kenworthy Matthew , Butler Paul , Crane Jeffrey D. , Osip Dave , Shectman Stephen , Teske Johanna
Published: September 2024

The MIRI Exoplanets Orbiting White dwarfs survey is a cycle 2 JWST program to search for exoplanets around dozens of nearby white dwarfs via infrared excess and direct imaging. In this Letter, we present the detection of mid-infrared excess at 18 and 21 μm toward the bright (V = 11.4) metal-polluted white dwarf WD 0310–688. The source of the IR excess is almost certainly within the system; the probability of background contamination is <0.1%. While the IR excess could be due to an unprecedentedly small and cold debris disk, it is best explained by a

3.0

−
1.9

+
5.5

M
Jup cold (248

−
61

+
84

K) giant planet orbiting the white dwarf within the forbidden zone (the region where planets are expected to be destroyed during the star’s red giant phase). We constrain the source of the IR excess to an orbital separation of 0.1–2 au, marking the first discovery of a white dwarf planet candidate within this range of separations. WD 0310–688 is a young remnant of an A- or late B-type star, and at just 10.4 pc, it is now the closest white dwarf with a known planet candidate. Future JWST observations could distinguish the two scenarios by either detecting or ruling out spectral features indicative of a planet atmosphere.
Repeated Partial Disruptions in a White Dwarf–Neutron Star or White Dwarf–Black Hole Merger Modulate the Prompt Emission of Long-duration Merger-type GRBs
Authors: Chen Junping , Shen Rong-Feng , Tan Wen-Jun , Wang Chen-Wei , Xiong Shao-Lin , Chen Run-Chao , Zhang Bin-Bin
Published: September 2024

The progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have long been an unresolved issue. GRB 230307A stands out as an exceptionally bright event, belonging to the long-duration GRBs but also exhibiting a late-emission component reminiscent of a kilonova. Together with the similar events GRBs 060614 and 211211A, they make up a new subgroup of GRBs with intriguing progenitors. If such long-duration merger-type GRBs originated from the coalescence of a white dwarf (WD) with a neutron star (NS) or a black hole (BH), as proposed in the recent literature, then the larger tidal disruption radius of the WD, together with a nonnegligible residual orbital eccentricity, would make repeated partial tidal disruptions inevitable. This may modulate the mass accretion and jet launching process at the NS or BH, resulting in a quasiperiodic modulation (QPM) in the light curve of the GRB, with a period equal to the orbital period. The detection of potential QPMs during the early episode of prompt emission of these three GRBs supports this scenario, and the relatively slow QPM (> 1 s) suggests that the lighter object cannot be an NS. We propose that the progenitor system of GRBs 230307A, 060614, and 211211A consist of a WD of mass 1.3 M
⊙, 0.9 M
⊙, and 1.4 M
⊙, respectively, and an NS (or BH). After several cycles of modulations, the WD is completely destroyed, and the accretion of the remaining debris dominates the extended emission episode.
Reconciling M/L Ratios Across Cosmic Time: a Concordance IMF for Massive Galaxies
Authors: van Dokkum Pieter , Conroy Charlie
Published: September 2024

The stellar initial mass function (IMF) is thought to be bottom heavy in the cores of the most massive galaxies, with an excess of low-mass stars compared to the Milky Way. However, studies of the kinematics of quiescent galaxies at 2 < z < 5 find M/L ratios that indicate lighter IMFs. Light IMFs have also been proposed for the unexpected populations of luminous galaxies that JWST has uncovered at z > 7 to reduce tensions with galaxy formation models. Here we explore “ski slope” IMFs that are simultaneously bottom heavy, with a steep slope at low stellar masses, and top heavy, with a shallow slope at high masses. We derive a form of the IMF for massive galaxies that is consistent with measurements in the local universe and yet produces relatively low M/L ratios at high redshift. This concordance IMF has slopes γ
1 = 2.40 ± 0.09, γ
2 = 2.00 ± 0.14, and γ
3 = 1.85 ± 0.11 in the regimes 0.08 M
⊙ – 0.5 M
⊙, 0.5 M⊙ – 1 M
⊙, and >1 M
⊙, respectively. The IMF parameter α, the mass excess compared to a Milky Way IMF, ranges from

log
(
α
)
≈
+
0.3

for present-day galaxies to

log
(
α
)
≈
−
0.1

for their star-forming progenitors. The concordance IMF applies only to the central regions of the most massive galaxies, with velocity dispersions σ ∼ 300 km s−1, and their progenitors. However, it can be generalized using a previously measured relation between α and σ. We arrive at the following modification to the Kroupa (2001) IMF for galaxies with σ ≳ 160 km s−1:

γ
1

≈
1.3
+
4.3
log

σ
160

,

γ
2

≈
2.3
−
1.2
log

σ
160

, and

γ

3

≈
2.3
−
1.7
log

σ

160

, with σ
160 = σ/160 km s−1. If galaxies grow primarily inside out, so that velocity dispersions are relatively stable, these relations should also hold at high redshift.
The Formation of Milky Way “Bones”: Ubiquitous HI Narrow Self-absorption Associated with CO Emission
Authors: Sun Shenglan , Wang Ke , Liu Xunchuan , Xu Fengwei
Published: September 2024

Long and skinny molecular filaments running along Galactic spiral arms are known as “bones,” since they make up the skeleton of the Milky Way. However, their origin is still an open question. Here, we compare spectral images of HI taken by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) with archival CO and Herschel dust emission to investigate the conversion from HI to H2 in two typical Galactic bones, CFG028.68-0.28 and CFG047.06+0.26. Sensitive FAST HI images and an improved methodology enabled us to extract HI narrow self-absorption (HINSA) features associated with CO line emission on and off the filaments, revealing the ubiquity of HINSA toward distant clouds for the first time. The derived cold HI abundances, [HI]/[H2], of the two bones range from ∼(0.5 to 44.7) × 10−3, which reveal different degrees of HI–H2 conversion, and are similar to those of nearby, low-mass star-forming clouds, Planck Galactic cold clumps, and a nearby active high-mass star-forming region G176.51+00.20. The HI–H2 conversion has been ongoing for 2.2–13.2 Myr in the bones, a timescale comparable to that of massive star formation therein. Therefore, we are witnessing young giant molecular clouds (GMCs) with rapid massive star formation. Our study paves the way of using HINSA to study cloud formation in Galactic bones and, more generally, in distant GMCs in the FAST era.
TESS Investigation—Demographics of Young Exoplanets (TI-DYE). II. A Second Giant Planet in the 17 Myr System HIP 67522
Authors: Barber Madyson G. , Thao Pa Chia , Mann Andrew W. , Vanderburg Andrew , Mori Mayuko , Livingston John H. , Fukui Akihiko , Narita Norio , Kraus Adam L. , Tofflemire Benjamin M. , Newton Elisabeth R. , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Seager Sara , Collins Karen A. , Twicken Joseph D.
Published: September 2024

The youngest (<50 Myr) planets are vital to understand planet formation and early evolution. The 17 Myr system HIP 67522 is already known to host a giant (≃10R
⊕) planet on a tight orbit. In their discovery paper, Rizzuto et al. reported a tentative single-transit detection of an additional planet in the system using TESS. Here, we report the discovery of HIP 67522c, a 7.9 R
⊕ planet that matches with that single-transit event. We confirm the signal with ground-based multiwavelength photometry from Sinistro and MuSCAT4. At a period of 14.33 days, planet c is close to a 2:1 mean-motion resonance with b (6.96 days or 2.06:1). The light curve shows distortions during many of the transits, which are consistent with spot-crossing events and/or flares. Fewer stellar activity events are seen in the transits of planet b, suggesting that planet c is crossing a more active latitude. Such distortions, combined with systematics in the TESS light-curve extraction, likely explain why planet c was previously missed.
New Pulsating Variable Stars and Eclipsing Binaries Around BL Cam*
Authors: Zhou Ai-Ying
Published: September 2024

Based on publicly available Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite data, I conducted a regional survey around the SX Phe star BL Cam, spanning a radius of two degrees. This research identified 285 new variables including: 96 δ Scuti stars, 56 γ Doradus stars, 17 eclipsing binary systems with three exhibiting pulsating or rotating components, 3 rotating ellipsoidal variable stars, among others. No new SX Phe stars were identified.