bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fat Crystal Spheroids – Formation, Characterization, Structure Modification, and use as Encapsulation Matrices
Authors: Tran Tu
Published: May 2021

Model fat systems consisting of fully-hydrogenated canola oil (FHCO) and canola oil (CO) were shear-crystallized using a rheometer with a parallel plate geometry at various cooling rates (0.2 to 5.0 ºC/min) and shear rates (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 s-1) to produce spheroidal fat crystals. These spheroids were characterized via rheology, polarized light microscopy (PLM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystal spheroid formation was optimal at 1.0 ºC/min and viscosity profiles followed a three phase sigmoidal shape. PLM analysis revealed that spheroid size decreased with increased shear rate while sphericity increased. A multi-step mechanism was proposed for the formation of these crystal spheroids.
Subsequently, different emulsifiers were used to modify the structure of these crystal spheroids and it was found that the type and concentration of emulsifier had significant effects on spheroid microstructure. Below a critical concentration, emulsifier could be incorporated into the crystal matrix of FHCO while above they would crystallize independently. DSC analysis revealed additional melting fractions compared to the control that were attributed to emulsifier incorporation and co-crystallization with FHCO. XRD showed that the crystallized spheroids were mainly of the βʹ polymorph regardless of the presence or type of emulsifier.
A water phase was then introduced within these systems to study their encapsulation potential. Emulsifier type significantly affected crystal shell morphology and encapsulation efficacy. The liquid-state emulsifiers (GMO and PGPR) showed limited interaction with FHCO, with GMO delaying the interfacial crystallization of FHCO while PGPR excluded FHCO from the droplet interface completely. Of the solid-state emulsifiers (GMS, GMP, SMS, and STS), the MAGs produced smooth-surfaced crystal shells around the emulsion droplets while the sorbitan-based emulsifiers produced irregularly-shaped shells and droplet cores (SMS) or incomplete crystal shell formation (STS).
The shear-crystallization of our model fat blend also resulted in the formation of cylindrical crystalline assemblies. The average diameter size of these crystal cylinders decreased with increased shear rate. A “log-rolling” mechanism was proposed for their formation. These results demonstrate that laminar shear may be used to modify fat crystal microstructure and induce the formation of spheroidal and cylindrical crystalline assemblies.
The diffusion of text messaging: a comparative perspective
Authors: Ahn Jeongmo
Published: May 2021

Because very few studies that examine the case in U.S. and Canada have considered the differences in cultural/social context and the different patterns of people's perceptions of the new and emerging technologies, this paper will attempt to demonstrate two different approaches - diffusion theory and cross-cultural perspective - to the adoption and diffusion of mobile telephone and apply them into the adoption of text messaging service in Canada. In regards to the cross-cultural approach, the similarities and differences in regards to young people in both Korea and Canada will be provided as a means to address the relationship between cultural variables/obstacles and the rate of text messaging adoption in Canada"--From Introduction page 3.
Modeling Hybrid Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithm for Convergence Prediction
Authors: Thengappurackal Laiju Noel Jose
Published: May 2021

The project aims at the design and development of six hybrid nature inspired algorithms based on Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm with Artificial Bee Colony Optimization algorithm (GWOABC), Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm with Ant Lion Optimization algorithm (MFOALO), Cuckoo Search Optimization algorithm with Fire Fly Optimization Algorithm(CSFFA), Multi-Verse Optimization algorithm with Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (MVOPSO), Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm with Whale Optimization Algorithm (GWOWOA), and Binary Bat Optimization Algorithm with Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm(BATPSO). Hybrid optimizations assume the implementation of two or more algorithms for the same optimization problem. "Hybrid algorithm" does not refer to simply combining multiple algorithms to solve a different problem but rather many algorithms can be considered as combinations of simpler pieces. The hybrid approach combines algorithms that solve the same problem but differs in other characteristics notably performance. A hybrid optimization uses a heuristic to choose the best of these algorithms to apply in a given situation. The proposed hybrid algorithms are benchmarked using a set of 23 classical benchmark functions employed to test different characteristics of hybrid optimization algorithms. The results of the fitness functions prove that the proposed hybrid algorithms are able to produce better or more competitive output with respect to improved exploration, local optima avoidance, exploitation, and convergence. All these hybrid algorithms find superior optimal designs for quintessential engineering problems engaged, showcasing that these algorithms are capable of solving constrained complex problems with diverse search spaces. Optimization results demonstrate that all hybrid algorithms are very competitive compared to the state-of-the-art optimization methods and validated by fitness function. The hybrid algorithms are applied for optimal efficiency determination in various design challenges based on cantilever beam problem.
Seeing fashion through sound
Authors: Armstrong Jenni Lin
Published: May 2021

The 2005 Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) has legislated museums to amend tangible and intangible barriers within their curatorial practices by 2025. In this study, a Métis researcher-practitioner explored artistic ways that museums might curate direct and accessible experiences with artefacts through wearable technology. Utilizing a practice-led creative process, non-traditional aboriginal regalia was developed and displayed in a multimedia installation. The artifact was inspired by the Ojibwe Jingle Dress and dance, which empower and heal through sound. To augment the exhibition experience, a wearable audio system enhances sound from the Jingle Dress and touchless elements, such as electromagnetically induced sound, created an environment where visitor interaction would not compromise artefact preservation. A sound experience was only accessible if a visitor learned how to respectfully interact with the artefact. Both artefact and installation serve as recommendations for museums to effectuate inclusive exhibition experiences and address AODA requirements.
Fault Detection, Isolation and Prognosis of Aerospace Systems Using Adaptive Growing Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: ElDali Musab
Published: May 2021

Due to the increase in complexity in aerospace systems, developing a diagnosis, prognosis and health monitoring (DPHM) framework is a challenge that must be considered to assure the safety of such systems. This thesis discusses this problem by proposing a novel growing neural network model to automate the process of DPHM for aerospace systems. The model optimizes the architecture of a recurrent neural network and was used to make Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL) predictions for aircraft engines and detect failure for satellite attitude actuators (Reaction Wheels). It was tested on the CMAPSS and PHM08 aircraft engine datasets simulated by NASA, and it was able to make RUL predictions with root mean square errors as low as 14.31 engine cycles. Another application to test the proposed model was on the Kepler Spacecraft’s reaction wheels from which two have failed. The model detected the failure of the two failed reaction wheels by estimating a Health Index value which indicates the probability of failure of the reaction wheels using the residuals between the speed predictions made by the model and measured speed values. Failure was predicted using the model 105 days and 54 days before it occurred for reaction wheels two and four respectively. Prognostics were also applied on the Kepler Mission reaction wheels and RUL predictions were made with mean absolute errors ranging between 2-13 days depending on how close the reaction wheel is to failure. The proposed algorithm showed results in both applications that could regard it as a promising approach for DPHM models.
The Influence Of Political Correctness On Stand Up Comedy
Authors: Buehler Martina
Published: May 2021

Over the past 20 years, stand-up comedy has been part of the public debate within a prevailing ideology of non-discrimination and inclusiveness – most notably in relation to political correctness. In this context, a trend seems to be emerging, in which a person’s taste in humour is defined by their political identity (Healy, 2016). In other words, a joke is not funny unless it meets a person’s taste conventions prescribed by a political paradigm (Healy, 2016). While the current humour and comedy research aided the analysis of this paper, they present dichotomous views that either allow or disallow joking about certain topics. This dichotomy suggests that the current humour and comedy research does not do justice to the complexity of the topic and that there is a need for further research. This major research paper examined stand-up comedy in an age of political correctness and argued that an ideology of political correctness, non-discrimination and inclusiveness influences the content of stand-up comedy performances and the audience’s responses to them. I analyzed YouTube videos containing race-based and rape jokes as well as jokes about gender stereotypes. Moreover, I examined YouTube users’ comments to the three different joke-tokens. Examining both the jokes and YouTube users’ comments gave me insight into how these joketokens are understood and perceived by YouTube users. None of the jokes can be considered politically correct. This implies that these jokes can ignite political debates, which was observable in YouTube comments about feminism, liberals, gender stereotypes, sexism, misogyny, racism, East Asian culture, rape myths and misandry. The YouTube commenters’ perception seems to be that political correctness has been attempting to influence the stand-up comedy environment with the aim to dictate the content of stand-up comedy performances. However, the YouTube users see political correctness as a “killer” of stand-up comedy and as a negative concept mainly promoted by liberals, the leftist society and feminists. The most dominant theme across all YouTube comments seemed to be the aversion to feminism. Regardless of the joke, feminism was the concept that commenters blamed for the existence of political correctness, the censorship of stand-up comedy performances, for a joke’s lack of funniness, and for the lack of awareness and importance of male rape in research and society. In stand-up comedy, it is an art and talent to convey the literal meaning of a joke so that the subtext is clearly derivable – and even then, the audience’s interpretation depends on experiences, emotions, values, beliefs and political ideologies.
Energanic prototypes in the [post]-digital terrain
Authors: Hotari Andrew Kaleva
Published: May 2021

Although the direction of contemporary architectural thinking is heavily influenced by its critical engagement with energy usage, this relationship remains largely unexplored imaginatively. This thesis investigates an energy-centric approach to design that is enabled by digital workspace. By injecting energy transactions and modulations into otherwise abstract digital geometry while using analysis tools to examine their effects, the work is intended to speculate what this relationship with energy could be. For too long the application of emerging computer-based technologies in architecture have resisted critical agendas beyond idealist shape-making and form. At the same time the role of energy in the design process has been subsidiary and weak. Both fields of knowledge and their relationship to architecture are examined in a necessary marriage of mission and means. The research portion of this document concludes with a series of speculations that illustrate possible outcomes of the proposed energetic agenda.
Regionalization of Immigrant Settlement in Ontario : Exploring Experiences of Small and Medium Sized Reception Centres
Authors: Goodbrand Hannah
Published: May 2021

This paper explores the regionalization of immigrant settlement in Canada’s smaller cities which has not been sufficiently addressed in Canada’s largest province, Ontario. The paper investigates this through a comprehensive review of the existing Canadian literature and research into the changing volume of immigrant settlement and the social geography of Ontario’s smaller cities from 1996 to 2015. This research is conducted through the development of a categorization system which orders Ontario’s CMAs into tiers based on total immigrant population. Two tiers are then compared to reveal any general trends or anomalies which could contribute to the understanding of regionalization in Ontario. A lack of evidence for significant regionalization was found, however, growth in the visible minority populations of some CMAs suggested the development of new international migration pathways. The findings of this paper reaffirm the need for further research in immigrant settlement in smaller Canadian cities.
Low Velocity Impact Assessment of Flax and Kevlar-Flax Fibre Reinforced Polymer Laminates Using Experimental and Numerical Methods
Authors: Sy Benedict Lawrence
Published: May 2021

Flax/epoxy composite laminates were tested under low velocity impact loading, using passive Infra-Red thermography to monitor the damage evolution during the impact event. Two configurations were tested: unidirectional ([08F]S) and cross-ply ([(0/90)4F]S). The unidirectional laminate exhibited poor and brittle impact response. Conversely, the cross-ply laminate showed better impact performance with its energy penetration threshold three times higher than the unidirectional. Its impact toughness was also 2.5 times higher. Additional tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of hybridization with Kevlar®49. Test results showed significant improvement on the impact performance of the unidirectional flax/epoxy laminate. Hybridization increased its energy penetration threshold three times and impact toughness five times. Conversely, it reduced the penetration threshold of the cross-ply flax/epoxy laminate by 10%; however, it more than doubled the impact toughness. The impact toughness the Kevlar-Flax/epoxy laminates were slightly higher than those of aluminum and CFRP’s, making them sustainable alternatives for impact applications.
Agri-town: Combining Urban Agriculture and Affordable Housing for Food, Farm and Fortune
Authors: Lung Wai Cham Stanley
Published: May 2021

As global population and migration to cities continue to increase, urban poverty and shortages of affordable housing have become significant issues in Toronto, making it necessary to develop a model to mitigate these issues. This book focuses on incorporating urban agriculture with affordable housing, and proposes a building typology that combines the two. The idea is to provide accommodation along with space for low-income households to grow their own food. It is expected that by making these elemental needs accessible and affordable, the problem of food security will be offset, improvements will be made to the food system, and housing shortages will be alleviated within the city of Toronto.
A solution to profiling for mobile computation cloud offloading
Authors: McGrillis Corey
Published: May 2021

In this thesis, we develop a Generic Profiler which is a solution to profiling for mobile computation cloud offloading. Profiling refers to the process of examining and collecting statistics and information about data. The Generic Profiler uses reflection in many cases to reduce redundant code and allow developers to easily incorporate new profilers to their offloading solutions. Third party developers can include the Generic Profiler into their solutions with ease and without having to worry about the underlying processes of storing data using a Content Provider. The Generic Profiler also contains a set of default profilers, which include a Location Profiler, Software Profiler, Wi-Fi Profiler, Telephony Profiler, and a Battery Profiler. Using the Software Profiler, we have shown that the performance, in terms of inclusive invocation time, of the profilers which are designed by implementing the Generic Profiler adequately store data.
Preservation Of A Time-Based Media Installation : A Case Study of George Eastman House 1968 and 2008 Exhibitions, Conscience The Ultimate Weapon
Authors: Carver-Kubik Alice
Published: May 2021

In July of 1968, George Eastman House opened Conscience the Ultimate Weapon (Conscience), an innovative audio-visual installation consisting of projected images dissolving from one to the next, accompanied by a synchronized soundtrack. Under the direction of Nathan Lyons, curator at George Eastman House from 1959 to 1969, the exhibition projected 780 photojournalistic images by Benedict J. Fernandez III, depicting protests and public demonstrations that affirmed political dissent throughout the United States during the 1960s. This provocative, political, and ultimately controversial exhibition was firmly grounded in the conflicts of the time. Further, it challenged the exhibition standards of an institution that was known primarily for the promotion of the photograph as fine art and the celebration of the photographic print. In 2008, George Eastman House created an interpretation of this historically important exhibition using modern technology within a contemporary social and political context. Through a case study comparing the 1968 George Eastman House exhibition, Conscience, with the 2008 interpretation of Conscience, this paper will provide an analysis of the preservation issues surrounding these time-based media installations.
Racialized immigrant women's health status in Canada
Authors: Saliu-Ediagbonya Fatima Oine
Published: May 2021

Migration benefits both immigrants and the receiving countries. While migrants seek a better life and peace in developed countries, these countries also seek to tap into the human capital of the migrants. Canada, a country which is ranked by [the] United Nations as one of the best countries to live in the world seems to have become the country of choice for immigrants, women inclusive. In order to reap the benefits of migration, good health is therefore important to both migrant and the receiving country. For this purpose, Canada uses a system of medical screening to select healthy immigrants who arrived healthy in Canada but, with passage of time some experience decline in their health. This major research paper therefore examines the decline in the health status of the racialized immigrant women after their arrival in Canada.
Brand tune up: building value for brands through strategic sonic planning
Authors: Appleby Aaron
Published: May 2021

While often overlooked, sound and music play an important role in marketing communications strategies. To stand out in today’s competitive marketplace, top companies are investing in strategic sonic planning to build value for their brands. This paper will investigate the role of sonic branding in marketing communications, and how
brands can authentically and cost effectively integrate music and sound into their overall communications strategy. Looking at the history and future of sonic branding and the impact of sound and music on brands and consumers, this paper will seek to define a practical guideline for marketers and practitioners of sonic branding. The paper concludes that although it is difficult to quantify the impact of a sonic strategy, brands that embrace the principles of sonic branding can more effectively reach customers across all touch points. Moreover, the paper asserts that best practices for creating customized audio solutions differ from culture to culture.
Great Lakes Remedial Action Plans (RAPs): Comparing the Hamilton Harbour and Toronto and Region RAPs as Governance Approaches
Authors: Martin Madeleine
Published: May 2021

This thesis examines and compares the rule instruments, institutions, processes (governance
initiatives) and actors engaged in activities that support the remediation objectives of two RAPS:
the Toronto and Region and the Hamilton Harbour RAPs. In terms of methodology, the thesis
was developed using a combination of a literature review and interviews with key governance
personnel. The thesis reveals the diversity of the governance initiatives that further the
remediation objectives, and in particular highlights the fact that sometimes the governance is
collaborative in nature, but in other cases it takes the form of rivalrous “check and balance”
approaches, and that some of the nonstate governance initiatives that further the remediation
objectives were developed independently of any government direction or control. The nature of
the governance initiatives and actors associated with the two RAPs aligns well with the tenets of
the sustainable governance approach described by Webb (2005).
Vegan Rhetoric: Online Discussion Platforms
Authors: Shaw Annalise
Published: May 2021

This MRP addresses the rhetoric used in regard to veganism by analyzing comments made within forums on the social media platform Reddit. It focuses on analyzing the rhetoric used by individuals who follow a vegan diet, as well as the response rhetoric from those who are anti-vegan and/or do not follow a vegan diet. This MRP also addresses the stigma present towards vegans and veganism as a whole. In addition, this MRP discusses why social media is being used to investigate vegan rhetoric and what strategies both sides of the veganism debate use to advocate their viewpoint. The objective of this MRP is to examine the normalization and stigmatization of veganism online as well as the role that the rhetoric surrounding veganism plays for both vegans and non-vegans on social media. The literature review addresses the overarching themes of vegan rhetoric, with a focus on the differing rhetoric used by vegans and non-vegans. Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) was used as a theoretical framework for addressing the research questions. The study explores the normalization and stigmatization of veganism online and examines the potential for rhetorical consistencies and patterns that can be found within the rhetoric surrounding veganism on an online forum. The findings reveal that veganism is both stigmatized and normalized online. The analyses demonstrate that veganism is stigmatized more than it is normalized. Rhetorical consistencies and patterns were found to be commonly used by both parties to support their position in the veganism debate including strategies involving environmental, health, and ethical rhetoric. In future studies, it would be of interest to expand the data collection in order to find evolving keywords and patterns surrounding online vegan rhetoric.
“Out but in”: The complexities of adult re-integration post-incarceration in the Canadian context
Authors: Wright Alexandra
Published: May 2021

This study explores the experiences of adult reintegration post-incarceration in the Canadian context, using a qualitative approach to inquiry, specifically a secondary data analysis. Both a thematic and discourse analysis were conducted based on three documents to highlight the experiences of adults during reintegration: one Federal Document, one Provincial Document, and one Non-Government Organization (NGO) Document. These documents were selected due to the various understandings they would provide to create a comprehensive picture of what adult reintegration looks like in the Canadian context. This study found that how the experiences of adult reintegration is taken up in discourses is heavily influenced by power dynamics and social dominance. Further, this study found that successful reintegration is presented as being dependent on long-term, wrap-around support services that recognize the complexities of criminal justice involvement, and the impact systems and structures have on how individuals navigate the reintegration process.
Noomi: the Full Experience of Starting an Online Store
Authors: Rassoul Nadia
Published: May 2021

Whoever said 'creating a startup is easy' clearly wasn't thinking straight. The term 'startup' in itself explains that you're starting something new. You - as the owner of your business are responsible for every move and every decision. The preliminary stages are the most crucial for startups and therefore, a marketing plan and use of storytelling must be compelling for customers and investors. The purpose of this project is to share my experiences throughout the process, providing an overview of my marketing strategy and discussing how I overcame the challenges I faced. I will also be touching on the "why" factor. Why did I decide ecommerce was the path I wanted to embark on? Additionally, I'll share how the MDM program influenced my decisions, the importance of social media for my business, and my future plans.
Resilience as governmentality : a narrative study within mental health.
Authors: Mach Philip
Published: May 2021

The study of resilience in individuals is typically conducted to enumerate the ways in which a person may be resilient to difficult life circumstances. Resilience, in this way, is seen as a means to overcoming adversity in order to succeed in life. In the current study, the concept of resilience is examined in terms of the way it may guide or limit the actions of individuals, as governmentality. Specifically, this study focuses on the lives of survivors of mental illness and ascertains the ways in which resilience affects how they have chosen, or have been taught, to manage their mental illness.
Interactive Multiple Objective Asset Allocation
Authors: Lin Songzhi
Published: May 2021

Portfolio efficiency and suitability are two important goals in the asset allocation processing involving a financial advisor and clients. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique is employed as a framework to address an investor's multiple investment objectives. Questionnaires, GAMS (General Algebraic Modelling System) programs and spreadsheet models are developed to facilitate the communications between the financial advisor and investor.
Climate change influence on a forested urban park: a forecast of tree growth and mortality
Authors: Grewal Geet  K
Published: May 2021

Climate change is expected to lengthen the growing season for plants in many temperate regions. The purpose of this study is to develop future growth estimates for trees in Earlscourt Park, Toronto. The i-Tree Forecast model, in combination with climate change scenarios provided by the Canadian Climate Change Scenario Network, were used to build trajectories of future tree growth and mortality. Tree growth forecasts were greatest for the climate change scenario with the longest growing season length. Results highlight future vulnerability in two tree species common to the park, honey locust and Norway maple. A comparison of the leaf area estimates produced by i-Tree Streets and i-Tree Eco was also conducted. These models showed differences in their prediction of leaf area, a key metric for ecological service provision. Forecasting tree growth and mortality in urban parks can inform management plans that seek to maximize the flow of future ecological benefits.
Conceptualizing sovereignty and its relation to the State, refugees, and international relations
Authors: McAlpine Laura
Published: May 2021

This MRP seeks to illustrate why and how states circumstantially employ their sovereignty in regards to international forced migration. My thesis is, that states, dependent on their degree of sovereignty, are negligent in their capacity to accommodate refugees. In pursuing this thesis, I examine state sovereignty from the International Relations framework and conceptualize sovereignty as a derivative of the state. Furthermore, I situate ‘the state’ with political realism; and align its opposing paradigm, political idealism, with the United Nations. Using qualitative measurements of state sovereignty, I find that although states have signed international agreements that hold them accountable to facilitate in the resettlement of refugees when international conflict ensues, states claim that because refugees threaten security, as well as the economic, political, social integrity of the state, they cannot and will not accept them.

Key words: sovereignty, the state, refugees, International Relations, the United Nations
Needs Investigation Methods Compatible With Key End User Limitation (Nickel): A Tool For Selecting User Centered Needs Elicitation Methods For Older Adults
Authors: Roy Joash Sujan Samuel
Published: May 2021

During the design process older and/or disabled adults are often left out of the needs elicitation process because many of the User Centered Needs Elicitation Methods (UCNEM) are not accessible to these individuals. This thesis explains the development of NICKEL, a decision-support tool which allows users to determine UCNEMs that fit the human capability of the older and/or disabled adult participants in their study. Three levels of the cognitive, visual, hearing and physical human capabilities required for 19 UCNEMs are determined using a survey and focus group with expert designers/researchers. A user study is carried out to determine the usability and usefulness of NICKEL with novice and expert designers/researchers. Major findings indicated that NICKEL is an easy to use and useful tool for users when determining appropriate UCNEMs for older and disabled adults. Future work could include adding other capabilities such as interpersonal skills and adding new methods to NICKEL.
Corporeal architecture: a material response to sensorial experience
Authors: Blois Michael P. M.
Published: May 2021

My project began with an interest in sensory experience and the means by which the body engages in architecture. Numerous threads were explored- studying the work of Aalto, Scarpa, Holl, Zumthor and the writing of Pallasmaa; examining the work of artists like David Rokeby and Michael Awad; research about perception and sensation, through Deleuze, J.J. Gibson, Frampton, Frascari...And through personal experience: documenting sites in the city through different seasons, visiting the American Folk Art Museum (and others) in NYC. The project developed into a critique of the critique, referring to the ocularcentric critique. This critique argues that vision has been the focus of architects and designers at the exclusion of the other senses. This critique is a point of departure for my work, which seeks to add a new layer--through a study of the links between the senses (intersensorality) as they occur in the experience of architecture. I have identified a number of key moments in architectural experience that highlight these links and provide a venue for experimentation (moments when a number of the senses are at play). Together with a number of threads and supporting ideas, the design portion of the project tests materials, forms and conditions in order to bring the links between the senses into focus. This design research is contained within my proposed, small addition to an existing branch Library on Queen Street West.
Finding a New Job in a New Home: The Labour Market Experiences of Government Assisted Refugees in Canada
Authors: Neupane Dhruba Raj
Published: May 2021

This paper explores the labour market experiences of Government Assisted Refugees (GARs) in Canada by utilizing social capital theory and identifies the areas for future research. Data was collected from an in-depth literature review but very little literatures are available to measure the labour market experiences of GARs specifically. The lack of research is particularly prominent in the area of GARs’ economic outcomes and earnings through social capital framework. Changes to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) in 2002 have shifted the selection of GARs which has implication for their economic integration once in Canada. The results of this paper indicate that social capital is a significant component in impacting labour market integration of GARs because of the loss of academic, occupational and other forms of human capital.
Starving for Justice: Teen Action Heroines and the Logic of Anorexia
Authors: Dunn Emma
Published: May 2021

Marshalling evidence from critical feminist studies of eating disorders (Bordo; Malson and Burns; Warin), including Leslie Heywood’s concept of anorexic “logic,” this dissertation theorizes how anorexic rationality and subjectivity are expressed through the popular figure of the post-feminist action heroine, specifically within young adult (YA) speculative fiction franchises. Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight novels (2005-2008), Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games series (2008-2010), and Veronica Roth’s Divergent trilogy (2011-2013) serve as the primary, and I argue ideal case studies for this investigation. Emerging as top-selling YA series in the post-Harry Potter era, all three franchises feature teen girl protagonists with post-feminist “sensibility” (Gill), and with their mass appeal, have given rise to global fandoms. Hence, this project also examines reader responses to the series under discussion through a selection of online fan fiction in which female-identifying youth rewrite their protagonists as anorexic. Although media studies scholars have analyzed the gendered discourses surrounding contemporary female action heroes (Inness; Brown; Wright), and feminist literary scholars have explored how motifs of weight, starvation and consumption function within certain narratives (Daniel; Ellmann; Karlin; Meuret; Silver), the correlation between anorexia and action heroine texts has yet to be systematically studied. This investigation is all the more crucial given Parliament of Canada’s 2014 report, Eating Disorders Among Girls and Women in Canada, which notes that eating disorders have the highest mortality rates of all mental illnesses. Responding to the report’s call for increased research on media messaging aimed at youth, this dissertation focuses on mass media franchises targeted at girls and young women, the largest demographic of eating disorder sufferers, arguing that contemporary teen action heroine mythology reflects and reifies a problematic value system that mutually constitutes conceptions of starvation and justice, and informs the social construction of ideal femininity. This research thus forges new pathways between theories of girlhood, body image studies, and YA literature to offer a theoretical framework for reading female heroism that places the corporeal matrix of gender, consumption, and embodiment at its centre.
Design of a 'smart manifold' for geothermal HVAC installations
Authors: Di Paolo Michael
Published: May 2021

Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems are an effective way to reduce a building’s heating and cooling energy consumption. However, sizing a GSHP system to effectively meet all of a building’s demand usually leads to an oversized system for the majority of any given year. Oversizing can result in an undesirable payback period. One aspect of a GSHP system’s design which inhibits a reasonable payback time is the inability to effectively operate the geo-field at reduced capacity. As a result, a GSHP system will tend to run at full capacity in short bursts at a time, rather than the more efficient alternative of running for longer intervals at reduced capacity. This study introduces a design modification to GSHP systems, called a ‘Smart Manifold’, which enables oversized geo-fields to dynamically resize themselves, allowing for more efficient operating conditions, while still being capable of satisfying building heating and cooling.
Material Dissolve: A Poetics Of Spatial Encounters
Authors: Chowdhuri Sanchali R.
Published: May 2021

We are increasingly alienated from the direct sensual and intellectual encounter of space, in an epoch that gradually supplements direct spatial experience with mediated digital experience. This research reprises aspects of Phenomenology. In opposition to Phenomenology’s proponents like Zumthor—that seek to reassert the bodily presence of architecture through a kind of hypermateriality that asserts a material intensity, this thesis investigates a methodology to re-engage humans with physical spatial experience through the de-materialization of the wall. Distinct from the history of Modernist explorations of absolute transparency, and material lightness, this investigation is more akin to what Kengo Kuma calls “

Thesis Statement

A spatial poetic can be created through the fusion of light and time with matter. The architectural experience is one where bodies are sensorially and intellectually engaged in moving through a series of articulated spaces. The orchestration of this movement between a series of semi-solid “walls” creates an environment of heightened sensory awareness where boundaries blur between constantly oscillating states of opacity and transparency created by the path of the user. Through literary research, precedent analysis, and a design project that explores and tests these ideas, this thesis asserts the creation of a poetics of space through this new approach to material presence, and its experience as part of a narrative sequence of encounter.
Toward an Understanding of Childhood Bereavement: an Exploratory Study
Authors: Miraglia Elena
Published: May 2021

The death of a parent is one of the most significant and traumatic events children encounter throughout their lives. During this difficult time, educators are uniquely positioned to support grieving children because the classroom may be the primary setting in which children begin to express their grief. The extent to which students express their feelings depends on the classroom climate. The classroom can provide the stability and security grieving children need. Trust and rapport can also be established as educators discuss illness and death. Providing children with accurate information helps prevent misconceptions and worrying associations that can complicate reactions to death and loss. This study explores childhood grief with a focus on how the death of a parent affects children, as perceived/understood through their parents, and aims to provide educators with knowledge and skills to enhance their support of grieving children and their families.
Electronic Waste & The Production Of Space
Authors: Noble Ron Philipp
Published: May 2021

The future of waste is electronics. The conditions of planned obsolescence combined with our throw away culture of capitalistic consumption has created the largest and fastest growing waste stream responsible for spatially transforming environments. Through the process of reclaiming precious materials contained within our dysfunctional electronics, urban mining becomes a form of resistance to the economics of consumption by recognizing electronic waste as a resource and turning its perceived detritus into value. If waste is central in the processes of capitalist urbanization, can architecture improve the condition of configuring industrial form to create ecology between e-waste, culture, and urbanity? Are there opportunities for e-waste and its architecture to have a public value and legibility in the city? Within this space of speculation, this thesis will explore the untapped architectural possibilities associated with the management of electronic waste and the production of space.
Detection and mitigation of SYN and HTTP flood DDoS attacks in software defined networks
Authors: Dhaliwal Amandeep Singh
Published: May 2021

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) constitutes major threat to both traditional and SDN networks. An attacker can launch a DDoS attack to exhaust either the controller or other network resources, such as switches, or both. There are different DDoS attacks such as UDP flood, SYN flood, Ping of death, ICMP flood and HTTP flood. Among these, SYN and HTTP flood are the most common attacks these days.

In this thesis, we focus on developing a security scheme to alleviate the DDoS attacks with spoofed and non-spoofed IP addresses in the SDN environment. First we use a simple detection mechanism that utilizes a time series window-based traffic statistic measurement to detect possible SYN flood and/or HTTP flood DDoS attacks. To reduce false positives, further investigation of traffic is done based on valid source IP address scheme and single flow packet scheme to separate legitimate traffic from attack traffic. Once the attack is detected, the security scheme deploys a number of mitigation methods to alleviate the attack. For the SYN flood attack, the mitigation method of Source IP address filtering is used to permit traffic only with valid source IP addresses to enter the network. For HTTP flood attack mitigation, a mitigation method is used to identify the attack sources and discard the traffic from those sources. We test our proposed scheme with other DDoS attacks such as ICMP flood attack and UDP flood attacks. We also compare our scheme with other security schemes found in the literature. The result shows that our proposed scheme can effectively protect controller and other network resources from some common DDoS attacks, and that our scheme allows more legitimate traffic connections with less false positives in comparison with other schemes.
Environmental policy creation : examining the Ontario municipal approach
Authors: Nichols Paul L
Published: May 2021

This thesis examines the environmental content of municipal official plans in Ontario, Canada. It is an exploration of how environmental policy can be measured, categorized and compared at the municipal level. The legislative and societal framework from which municipal environmental policy emerges is examined before a method for measuring the level of the policy is proposed. The results of the policy measurement are then analyzed quantitatively for relationships with demographic characteristics and qualitatively for strength of language and level of policy as well as for spatial patterns in policy levels. From these analyses conclusions are drawn regarding the presence of significant variation in the environmental content found in municipal official plans. Conclusions are also made regarding the attention given to individual components of municipal environmental content. Finally, recommendations for future environmental policy integration into municipal official plans are suggested as are recommendations for future research.
A framework for non-ICP LIDAR-based pose estimation using an optimally constrained 3D target
Authors: Saint-Cyr Pierre
Published: May 2021

This thesis describes a non-ICP-based framework fohr [sic] the computation of a pose estimate of a special target shape from raw LIDAR scan data. In previous work, an ideal unambiguously-shaped 3D target (the Reduced Ambiguity Cuboctahedron, or RAC) was designed for use in LIDAR-based pose estimation. The RAC was designed to be used in an ICP algorithm, without an initial guess at the pose. This property is, however, not robust to LIDAR measurement noise and data artefacts. The pose estimation technique described in the present work is based upon the geometric non-ambiguity criteria used originally to design the target, and is robust to the aforementioned LIDAR data characteristics. This technique has been tested using simulated point clouds representing a full range of views of the RAC. The technique has been validated using real LIDAR scans of the RAC, generated at Neptec's Ottawa facility with their Laser Camera System (LCS). Experimental results using LCS data show that pose estimates can be generated with mean errors (relative to ICP) of 1.03 [deg] and 1.08 [mm], having standard deviations of 0.56 [deg] and 0.67 [mm] respectively.
Synthesis and structure-property studies of organic dyes possessing unique fused thiophene π-spacers
Authors: Abdinejad Maryam
Published: May 2021

This thesis examines the synthesis of metal-free organic dyes for light-harvesting applications within the DSSC manifold. All DSSC organic dyes possess a similar donor-π-spacer-acceptor (D-π-A) motif. Here, triphenylamine (TPA) is employed as a donor owing to its redox stability and cyanoacetic acid has been utilized as an acceptor due to its electron-withdrawing ability. Thiophenes are ubiquitous in organic materials chemistry owing to their exceptional charge transport behavior, and in this body of work, π-spacers incorporating benzodithiophene and thiophene-quinones have been incorporated into a DSSC dye and their utility explored. Fused thiophene cores are non-innocent π-spacers. Non-innocent, in this context, is defined as π-spacers that incorporate a secondary chromophore or redox active species (benzodithiophene or quinone).
Challenges of internationally educated Filipino social work professionals : implications for social work practice in Canada
Authors: Hernandez Roshena Grace
Published: May 2021

This study explores the lived experiences of internationally educated, Filipino social work professionals during their integration into the Canadian labour force. The need to pursue this topic stemmed from the recognition of the barriers faced by internationally educated Social Work professionals as they embark on a social work career in Canada. This phenomenological, qualitative research utilized one-on-one in-depth interviews with four Filipino social work
professionals who obtained education and professional experience in the Philippines. Participants have all resided within Canada for five to ten years, have had their credentials assessed, and have been registered with Ontario’s regulatory body. As an insider of this particular group, the researcher aims to identify the challenges they encounter to pursuing a Canadian social work career, which are limited by systemic barriers; a lack of connections; personal barriers; and a lack of knowledge regarding Canadian legislation and the social welfare system.
Advanced human-robot interaction system based on human communication recognition
Authors: Bulzacki Adrian
Published: May 2021

This work describes the implementation of various human-robot interaction systems in a functioning mobile robot. This project is the result of integrating a tracking system for human faces and objects, face recognition, gesture recognition, body tracking, stereo-vision, speech synthesis, and voice recognition. The majority of these systems are custom designed for this particular project, these systems and how they were designed are explained in detail throughout this report. A unique vector-based approach is used for gesture recognition. There is minimal focus on the mechanics and electronics of the human-robot interaction system, but rather on the information processing of the robot. Using combinations of many information processing systems will allow robots to interact with human users more naturally, and will provide a natural conduit for future cooperative human-robot efforts. This project lays the groundwork for what will be a large collaborative effort aimed at creating possibly one of the most advanced human interactive robot in the world.