bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exponential subtraction in 3D ultrashort echo time imaging to visualize short T2 tissues in tibia
Authors: Li Sha , Huang Xinrui , Li Guozhen , Zhang Yibao , Li Zhaotong , Liu Liangyou , Gao Song
Published: October 2019

Background

Short T2 tissues can be directly visualized by dual-echo ultrashort echo time imaging with weighted subtraction. As a type of post-processing method, exponential subtraction of ultrashort echo time images with an optimal exponential factor is expected to provide improved positive short T2 contrast.

Purpose

To test the feasibility and effectiveness of exponential subtraction in three-dimensional ultrashort echo time imaging and to determine the optimal exponential factor.

Material and Methods

A dual-echo three-dimensional ultrashort echo time sequence was implemented on a 3-T MRI system. Exponential subtraction was performed on dual three-dimensional ultrashort echo time images of the tibia of seven healthy volunteers with exponential factors in the range of 1.00–3.00 in increments of 0.01. The regions of interest, including cortical bone, marrow, and muscle, were depicted on subtracted images of different exponential factors. Contrast-to-noise ratio values were calculated from these regions of interest and then used to assess the optimal exponential factor. To determine intra-observer agreement regarding region of interest selection, paired intra-observer measurements of regions of interest in all direct subtraction images were conducted with a one-week interval and the paired measurements were assessed using Bland–Altman analysis and paired-samples t-test.

Results

Cortical bone can be better visualized by using exponential subtraction in three-dimensional ultrashort echo time imaging; the suggested optimal exponential factor is 1.99–2.03 in the tibia. Paired measurements showed excellent intra-observer agreement.

Conclusion

It is feasible to visualize cortical bone of the tibia using exponential subtraction in three-dimensional ultrashort echo time imaging. Compared with weighted subtraction images, exponential subtraction images with an optimal exponential factor provide enhanced visualization of short T2 tissues.
Biochemical changes in knee articular cartilage of novice half-marathon runners
Authors: Qiu Leiyu , Perez Jose , Emerson Christopher , Barrera Carlos M. , Zhong Jianping , Nham Fong , Jose Jean , Lesniak Bryson P. , Kaplan Lee D. , Baraga Michael G.
Published: October 2019

Objective

To evaluate changes in knee articular cartilage of novice half-marathon runners using magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxation time mapping.

Methods

Healthy subjects were recruited from local running clubs who met the following inclusion criteria: (i) age 18–45 years; (ii) body mass index less than 30 kg/m2; (iii) had participated in one half-marathon or less (none within the previous 6 months); (iv) run less than 20 km/week; (v) no previous knee injury or surgery; (vi) no knee pain. T2 signals were measured pre- and post-race to evaluate the biochemical changes in articular cartilage after the subjects run a half-marathon.

Results

A significant increase in the mean ± SD T2 relaxation time was seen in the outer region of the medial tibial plateau (50.1 ± 2.4 versus 54.7 ± 2.6) and there was a significant decrease in T2 relaxation time in the lateral femoral condyle central region (50.2 ± 4.5 versus 45.4 ± 2.9). There were no significant changes in the patella, medial femoral condyle and lateral tibia articular surfaces.

Conclusion

An increase in T2 relaxation time occurs in the medial tibial plateau of novice half-marathon runners. This limited region of increased T2 values, when compared with complete medial compartment involvement seen in studies of marathon runners, may represent an association between distance run and changes seen in articular cartilage T2 values.
Psychological nursing approach on anxiety and depression of patients with severe urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy – a pilot study
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Hu Yue , Cheng Jing-Xian , Ding Ping
Published: October 2019

Objective

To implement a psychological intervention programme and explore its effects on anxiety and depression in patients with severe urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy.

Methods

This pilot randomized controlled trial recruited patients that underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Patients were randomized to conventional nursing and psychoeducation groups. The primary outcome was the levels of anxiety and depression evaluated by the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) at 3 months after urinary catheter removal. The quality of life (secondary outcome) was evaluated using the incontinence-specific quality of life scale (I-QOL).

Results

The study analysed 35 patients: 16 received conventional nursing and 19 received a psychoeducational intervention. There were no significant differences in the sociodemographic data and SAS, SDS and I-QOL scores between the two groups at baseline. At 3 months after catheter removal, the SAS and SDS scores in the psychoeducation group were significantly lower compared with the conventional nursing group; and the I-QOL score in the psychoeducation group was significantly higher compared with the conventional nursing group.

Conclusion

This pilot study suggests that the psychological nursing intervention improved the symptoms of anxiety and depression, and improved quality of life, in patients with severe urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy.
Maternal anxiety, social status, and dental caries formation in children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hatipoğlu Zerrin , Akşit-Bıçak Damla
Published: October 2019

Objective

We sought to evaluate the association of maternal anxiety and social status with caries formation in children.

Methods

Participants comprised 258 pairs of children and their mothers. We collected information regarding age, sex, birth order of children, and mothers’ education and marital status using a questionnaire. The Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to determine maternal trait anxiety levels. The children underwent oral examination. Total values for decayed, missing, filled, and total permanent/primary teeth (DMFT/dmft) were evaluated according to standards of the World Health Organization.

Results

No significant relationship was found between the mother's anxiety level and DMFT/dmft scores in their children. A negative correlation was observed between the child’s age and dental caries in children. The sex of the child, mother's education level, and marital status of the mother showed a weak negative correlation with the number of dental caries observed in their children.

Conclusion

Although social, economic, and environmental factors might contribute substantially to the development of dental caries, we failed to demonstrate a clear relationship between maternal anxiety and social status and dental caries in children. We can therefore conclude that biological factors are decisive in the formation of dental caries among children.
Measuring musical preferences from listening behavior: Data from one million people and 200,000 songs
Authors: Fricke Kai R , Greenberg David M , Rentfrow Peter J , Herzberg Philipp Y
Published: October 2019

Musical preferences are a fundamental individual difference predicting a multitude of listening behaviors. For decades, researchers have investigated how musical preferences are organized but have been hindered by genre-based and self-report methodologies. Recently, researchers have begun to investigate musical preferences at the feature-level using stimuli, rather than at the genre-level using self-reports. However, these new methods have been experimental and limited in their ecological validity. To address these recent limitations, we use an ecologically valid behavioral approach based on one million people who listened to more than 200,000 songs from streaming services, which is to our knowledge the largest study to date on the structure of musical preferences. Individual musical preference was measured from song playback counts and analyzed using principal components analysis on the psychological and sonic music features. Our results showed that music-feature preferences had a three-dimensional structure confirming previous theory and research. These dimensions are Arousal (level of energy in music), Valence (spectrum of negative to positive emotions), and Depth (intellectual and emotional depth in music). These findings lay firm ground for future research on music-feature preferences and pave the way for social-psychological and neurobiological experiments with music.
Preliminary Report on the Work Undertaken in the Main City South at Tell el-Amarna: 7 October – 2 November 2017
Authors: Hodgkinson Anna
Published: October 2019

An area of 306 sq m was excavated in the Main City South at Tell el-Amarna between 7 October and 2 November 2017. The work focused on the area of a building complex denominated M50.14, M50.15 and M50.16 by C. L. Woolley, who initially excavated these buildings in 1922 on behalf of the Egypt Exploration Society. After an initial season of re-excavation in 2014, the 2017 work encompassed the northern sections of house M50.16, the whole of house M50.15, as well as the eastern, south-eastern and south-western parts of courtyard M50.14. Several domestic and pyrotechnical features have been excavated and recorded, together with a large amount of material related to the processing and manufacture of glass, faience, stone (agate) and metal objects. The results of the excavation reflect the industrial character of several houses in Amarna’s Main City and provide a great insight into the layout and purpose of a domestic building in this settlement.
Identity as Resistance: Identity Formation at the Intersection of Race, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation
Authors: Cerezo Alison , Cummings Mariah , Holmes Meredith , Williams Chelsey
Published: October 2019

Although the concept of intersectionality has gained widespread attention in psychological research, there remains a significant gap related to the impact of intersectionality on identity formation for persons negotiating multiple minority statuses. This gap is especially pronounced among sexual and gender expansive women of Latinx and African American descent—two groups that face disparate personal and public health risks but are largely ignored in the research literature. In response to this gap, we carried out a qualitative study using constructivist grounded theory with 20 Latinx and African American sexual minority, gender expansive women to understand participants’ experiences of forming an intersectional social identity. Following an exploration of identity formation related to the specific domains of race, gender identity, and sexual orientation, we prompted participants to consider how each of the specified identity domains impacted the formation and experience of an overall intersectional identity (e.g., how racial position impacted gender identity and/or sexual identity formation). Findings revealed four major themes that were critical in identity formation: (a) family and cultural expectations, (b) freedom to explore identity, (c) the constant negotiation of insider/outsider status, and (d) identity integration as an act of resistance. Implications for future research and psychological services are discussed.
Determinants of Participation in Nonformal Education in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kalenda Jan , Kočvarová Ilona , Vaculíková Jitka
Published: October 2019

This study deals with key determinants of participation in the nonformal education (NFE) of adults in the Czech Republic (CZE). Our results are based on a secondary analysis of two Adult Education Surveys carried out in the CZE in 2011 ( n = 10,190) and 2016 ( n = 12,272). Determinants of participation are modelled through logistic regression and decision tree algorithm. The results show that the recent trend of participation in NFE has significantly increased to nearly 40% of adults. In this regard, we argue that this increase is an outcome of the higher investments of employers into NFE in the past 5 years, which has led to a higher proportion of low-skilled workers included in job-related training. Nevertheless, this does not mean that inequality in Czech NFE is decreasing, as the main predictors of participation in NFE remain the same: (a) current employment status, (b) active attitude to learning opportunities, and (c) educational attainment.
Misinterpretations of Guidelines Leading to Incorrect Diagnosis of Brain Death: A Case Report and Discussion
Authors: Joffe Ari R. , deCaen Allan , Garros Daniel
Published: October 2019

Guidelines describe the process necessary for the diagnosis of brain death. We present a case of a 3-month-old former 36-week-gestation infant after a prolonged out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of 37 minutes who was clinically diagnosed as brain dead at 120 hours after the event. Unusual findings included a normal slightly sunken anterior fontanelle, normal cerebral blood flow perfusion scan at 73 hours after the event, only localized parieto-temporal edema on the latest computed tomographic (CT) scan of the brain at 48 hours after the event, and discussion of whether nonconvulsive seizures could have confounded the examination for brain death. In light of these unusual findings, we discuss and highlight what may be common misinterpretations of brain death guidelines that led to the mistaken diagnosis of death (as opposed to severe neurologic injury) in this child.
Profiles of Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Galano Maria M. , Grogan-Kaylor Andrew , Clark Hannah M. , Stein Sara F. , Graham-Bermann Sandra A.
Published: October 2019

Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with a host of problems, including the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). PTSS include a wide range of unique symptomatology and as a result, clinical presentations of PTSS can vary in both distribution and overall number of symptoms. Work in child and adolescent samples has largely focused on factors predicting the total number of symptoms (i.e., symptom severity), with less work focused on both patterns of symptom number and distribution. Furthermore, few studies have examined how functional impairment varies in relation to PTSS presentation. The goal of the current study is to (a) document patterns of PTSS severity and distribution in children with histories of witnessing IPV, (b) examine the factors that predict different PTSS presentations, and (c) investigate how PTSS presentation is associated with functional impairment. Data for this study were drawn from a sample of 236 children between the ages of 4 and 12 years and their mothers who had experienced recent IPV. Families reported high levels of IPV in the past year, and children reported moderate levels of PTSS. A latent profile analysis of PTSS revealed that three profiles were the best-fitting model for the data. The three profiles were differentiated between low, moderate, and high levels of PTSS, and membership in the profiles varied by children’s age and trauma history. The results of this study give important information about the potential development of PTSS as well as clinically useful information about the relationship between children’s PTSS and their functioning following exposure to IPV.
Weekly Drinking and Binge Drinking Mediate the Association Between Drinking Location and Sexual Coercion
Authors: Ehlke Sarah J. , Kelley Michelle L. , Braitman Abby L.
Published: October 2019

It has been well documented that alcohol use is a risk factor for sexual assault. However, few studies have examined how alcohol use is associated with sexual coercion experiences. Furthermore, off-campus parties and bars are drinking locations where alcohol use is high among college students. It is important to determine other risk factors, such as the drinking location, that may affect alcohol use and sexual coercion. The current study examined whether alcohol use (drinks per week and binge drinking) mediated the association between drinking location frequency (off-campus party and bar/restaurant) and experiencing sexual coercion in the past 30 days. Participants were N = 295 young adult ( Mage = 21.17 years, SD = 2.70) undergraduate women who reported drinking at least once in the past 30 days and completed an online survey. Results revealed that 88 (29.8%) participants experienced sexual coercion in the past 30 days. Participants who experienced sexual coercion in the past 30 days reported greater drinks per week, were more likely to binge drink, and reported drinking more frequently at off-campus parties than those who had not experienced sexual coercion. Drinks per week significantly mediated the relationship between drinking location frequency (off-campus party and bar/restaurant) and sexual coercion. Specifically, more frequent drinking at off-campus parties and bars/restaurants was associated with greater drinks per week, which in turn was related to experiencing sexual coercion in the past 30 days. Binge drinking significantly mediated the association between frequency of drinking at a bar/restaurant and sexual coercion, but not off-campus drinking frequency. Findings suggest that college student alcohol interventions that target harm reduction should consider including information about how the drinking location may intersect with alcohol use to increase risk for sexual coercion.
Synthesis and properties of highly processable asymmetric polyimides with bulky phenoxy groups
Authors: Rojas-Rodríguez Mario , Aguilar-Lugo Carla , Lozano Angel E , Hernández Antonio , Mancilla-Cetina Enoc , Alexandrova Larissa
Published: October 2019

A series of new aromatic polyimides (PIs) and co-PIs containing bulky tert-butyl phenoxy group was synthesized by one-step high-temperature polycondensation of 1,3-diamino-4-(4′- tert-butylphenoxy)benzene ( tBuPDAB) with different commercially available aromatic dianhydrides. The polymers were obtained in quantitative yields with inherent viscosities of 0.40–0.70 dL g−1. They exhibited high thermal stability with 10% weight loss above 480°C and were cast in films with good mechanical properties capable to be tested as gas separation membranes. These PIs were compared with analogs bearing phenoxy group (PDAB). The incorporation of tBu improved the solubility of the PIs, their free volume fraction, d-spacing, and gas permeability coefficients in comparison with their analogs obtained from PDAB. The permeability enhancement was from 2.5 to 8 times depended on the gas tested. The PI, based on tBuPDAB and 4,4’-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphtalic anhydride and, thus, containing two different bulky pendant groups, showed the highest gas permeability coefficient for CO2 (58.3 Barrer) and moderate ideal selectivity to the gas pair CO2/CH4 ( α = 18.0).
Clinical evaluation of total and high-avidity anti-dsDNA antibody assays for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yuan W , Cao H , Wan P , Shi R , Zhou S , Zheng J
Published: October 2019

Background

This study evaluated the diagnostic performances of total and high-avidity (HA) anti-dsDNA enzyme immunoassays (EIA) in Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

Methods

A total of 410 serum samples from 217 SLE patients, 54 patients with other systemic autoimmune diseases, and 139 healthy subjects were tested on total and HA anti-dsDNA EIA, as well as three commercial in vitro diagnostic kits: BioPlex 2200 ANA Screen, Kallestad anti-dsDNA EIA, and Crithidia Lucilae IFA. The disease activities of SLE patients were assessed using the modified SLE Disease Activity Index. The diagnostic performances of each assay were analyzed using Analyse-it software.

Results

The diagnostic performances of the total and HA anti-dsDNA EIA kits were comparable to other commercially available in vitro diagnostic assays. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve ranging from 0.85 to 0.89, with the total anti-dsDNA kit demonstrating the highest sensitivity and the HA kit showing higher specificity. An overall agreement of >90% was observed between the total and HA anti-dsDNA EIA kits and commercially available quantitative anti-dsDNA kits. The ratio of HA to total anti-dsDNA antibody was significantly higher among SLE patients with active disease status and/or kidney damage. All assays exhibited a significant correlation with disease activity and multiple clinical manifestations.

Conclusions

While the clinical performances of various anti-dsDNA assays showed adequate agreements, the BioPlex 2200 anti-dsDNA assay demonstrated the highest positive likelihood ratio and odds ratio. The HA anti-dsDNA EIA kit in association with the total anti-dsDNA kit provided superior performance in SLE diagnosis and monitoring disease activity.
Does media exposure relate to the illusion of knowing in the public understanding of climate change?
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Chen Liang , Ho Shirley S.
Published: October 2019

By acknowledging that people are cognitive misers, this study proposes that people may rely on the illusion of knowing as cognitive devices for attitudinal or behavioral change, in addition to factual knowledge. Accordingly, this study shifted the focus of inquiry from assessing media effects in increasing factual knowledge to assessing how media consumption relates to the illusion of knowing. Using a nationally door-to-door survey in Singapore ( N = 705), the results revealed that individuals’ attention to media messages about climate change and elaboration of these messages were positively related to the illusion of knowing. Furthermore, elaboration had moderating effects on the relationship between media attention and the illusion of knowing. These findings suggest that media consumption of climate change messages could drive the illusion of knowing, which is speculated to account for pro-environmental behaviors in addressing climate change. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
Autologous Micro-Fragmented Adipose Tissue as Stem Cell-Based Natural Scaffold for Cartilage Defect Repair
Authors: Xu Tengjing , Yu Xinning , Yang Quanming , Liu Xiaonan , Fang Jinghua , Dai Xuesong
Published: October 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) poses a tough challenge worldwide. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been proved to play a promising role in cartilage repair. However, enzymatic digestion, ex vivo culture and expansion, with significant senescence and decline in multipotency, limit their application. The present study was designed to obtain micro-fragmented adipose tissue (MFAT) through gentle mechanical force and determine the effect of this stem cell-based natural scaffold on repair of full-thickness cartilage defects. In this study, ASCs sprouted from MFAT were characterized by multi-differentiation induction and flow cytometry. Scratch and transwell migration assays were operated to determine whether MFAT could promote migration of chondrocytes in vitro. In a rat model, cartilage defects were created on the femoral groove and treated with intra-articular injection of MFAT or PBS for 6 weeks and 12 weeks ( n = 12). At the time points, the degree of cartilage repair was evaluated by histological staining, immunohistochemistry and scoring, respectively. Two unoperated age-matched animals served as native controls. ASCs derived from MFAT possessed properties to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes, with expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD29, 44, 90) and no expression of hematopoietic markers (CD31, 34, 45). In addition, MFAT could significantly promote migration of chondrocytes. MFAT-treated defects showed improved macroscopic appearance and histological evaluation compared with PBS-treated defects at both time points. After 12 weeks of treatment, MFAT-treated defects displayed regular surface, high amount of hyaline cartilage, intact subchondral bone reconstruction and corresponding formation of type I, II, and VI collagen, which resembled the normal cartilage. This study demonstrates the efficacy of MFAT on cartilage repair in an animal model for the first time, and the utility of MFAT as a ready-to-use therapeutic alternative to traditional stem cell therapy.
Topical Application of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerates Mouse Sciatic Nerve Recovery and is Associated with Upregulated Neurotrophic Factor Expression
Authors: Wang Aline Yen Ling , Loh Charles Yuen Yung , Shen Hsin-Hsin , Hsieh Sing-Ying , Wang Ing-Kae , Chuang Sheng-Hao , Wei Fu-Chan
Published: October 2019

Peripheral nerve regeneration following injury is often slow and impaired, which results in weakened and denervated muscle with subsequent atrophy. Human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSC) have potential regenerative properties which, however, remain unknown in mouse nerve recovery. This study investigated the effect of the topical application of hWJ-MSC onto repairing transected sciatic nerves in a mouse model. Human adipocyte-derived stem cells (hADSC) were used as a positive control. The sciatic nerve of BALB/c mice was transected at a fixed point and repaired under the microscope using 10-0 sutures. hWJ-MSC and hADSC were applied to the site of repair and mice were followed up for 1 year. The hWJ-MSC group had significantly better functional recovery of five-toe spread and gait angles compared with the negative control and hADSC groups. hWJ-MSC improved sciatic nerve regeneration in a dose-dependent fashion. The hWJ-MSC group had a better quality of regenerated nerve with an increased number of myelinated axons throughout. hWJ-MSC appear to be safe in mice after 1 year of follow-up. hWJ-MSC also expressed higher levels of neurotrophic factor-3, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial-derived neurotrophic factor than hADSC. hWJ-MSC may promote better nerve recovery than hADSC because of this upregulation of neurotrophic factors.
Book review: S. D. Muni and Rahul Mishra, India’s Eastward Engagement: From Antiquity to Act East Policy
Authors: Ao Temjenmeren
Published: October 2019

S. D. Muni and Rahul Mishra, India’s Eastward Engagement: From Antiquity to Act East Policy. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, pp. 348, ₹995, ISBN 978-9353282684.
Book review: Asanga Abeyagoonasekera, Sri Lanka at Crossroads: Geopolitical Challenges and National Interests
Authors: Kapur Roshni
Published: October 2019

Asanga Abeyagoonasekera, Sri Lanka at Crossroads: Geopolitical Challenges and National Interests. Singapore: World Scientific, 2019, pp. 224, S$ 145 (Hardcover), S$48 (Softcover). ISBN: 978-981-3276-73-4.
Book review: Mischa Hansel, Raphaëlle Khan, and Mélissa Levaillant (Eds), Theorizing Indian Foreign Policy
Authors: Chandra Vikash
Published: October 2019

Mischa Hansel, Raphaëlle Khan, and Mélissa Levaillant (Eds), Theorizing Indian Foreign Policy. New York: Routledge, 2017, pp. x + 225, £29.99 (Paperback). ISBN 978147246238 (hardback), ISBN 9781315551197 (e-book).
Flow research in music contexts: A systematic literature review
Authors: Tan Leonard , Sin Hui Xing
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to review flow research in music contexts from 1975 until the first quarter of 2019. Specifically, frequencies/percentages were calculated for (a) output in five-year periods; (b) publication type; and (c) methodologies employed, including measurement instruments used. Content analyses were also conducted on topics covered. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, a total of 3,341 records were examined, with 95 studies eventually included in the analysis. Findings indicated a steady increase in research output over the last 25 years. Studies overwhelmingly sampled participants from Western populations, especially the United States. The majority of quantitative studies used self-report questionnaires, of which those developed by Jackson and colleagues were most prevalent. Among the qualitative approaches, interviews and observations were the most common means of data collection. Topics covered in the studies reviewed include the psychophysiological aspects of flow, transmission and group experience of flow, the association of flow with a range of positive outcomes, factors that contribute to flow experiences, and flow experiences of young children. Implications for future research were proffered in light of the findings.
A retrospective audit of joint mother–baby admissions to the Werribee Mercy mother and baby unit (MBU) and of the severity of maternal depression over the course of admission
Authors: Wang Imogen , Breadon Carolyn
Published: October 2019

Objectives:

This study examined (i) the demographic and illness profiles of mothers admitted to Werribee Mercy MBU in Victoria, Australia and (ii) the severity of maternal depressive symptoms over the course of admission.

Method:

A retrospective audit was conducted on consecutively admitted mother–baby dyads between January 2011 and June 2015. Routinely collected maternal Beck Depression Inventory, second edition (BDI-II) scores were analysed for severity and change.

Results:

A total of 307 mother–baby dyads were admitted during the study period. The majority of mothers was partnered and educated young adults. The average length of stay was 4.4 weeks. The mean age of babies was 3.3 months. One-third of mothers met International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition criteria for two or more psychiatric diagnoses. Unipolar major depression was the commonest diagnosis. Of the 307 mothers, 125 mothers completed BDI-II on admission and on discharge, which showed a mean reduction of 16 points ( p < 0.001) on discharge.

Conclusions:

This study notes the similarities between the clinical profiles of the study population with mother–baby admissions to MBUs worldwide. Maternal depressive symptoms improved by 16 points on the BDI-II over the course of MBU admission, which shows the utility of MBU admission on maternal depressive symptoms.
School Nurse Cultural Competency Development Using the National CLAS Standards: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Hurrell Stacey R. , Cliff Tara L. , Robertson Cheryl L.
Published: October 2019

As numbers of culturally diverse students rise, struggles with language, cultural differences, and health care create challenges for school nurses. The focus of this quality improvement project was to utilize the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) as a framework to initiate cultural competency development among school nurses. Eighteen public school nurses attended programming that began with the webinar “CLAS is in Session,” an introduction to the standards as applicable to school nursing practice. Outcome measures included self-report of cultural awareness and sensitivity (CAS) and culturally competent behaviors (CCB). A greater percentage of nurses reported feeling “somewhat competent” after program completion, though CAS and CCB scores did not significantly change. Despite lack of measurable improvement in CCB, implementation of the CLAS Standards created an important starting point for CC programming.
A Rare Mimic of Malignancy: Papillary Endosalpingiosis
Authors: Cox Hecca Yojen , Alhatem Albert , Barlog Lauren , Heller Debra
Published: October 2019

Endosalpingiosis is the presence of ectopic Müllerian-type epithelium resembling Fallopian tube epithelium. It usually appears as small glandular inclusions in various peritoneal sites or lymph nodes. Rarely, it is papillary in configuration, and lack of familiarity with this entity could lead to overinterpretation as a malignancy. We recently encountered a case of papillary endosalpingiosis found incidentally at laparotomy for ectopic pregnancy. Awareness of this entity is important, as it may be a diagnostic challenge.
The Role of Exporters’ Emotional Intelligence in Building Foreign Customer Relationships
Authors: Leonidou Leonidas C. , Aykol Bilge , Fotiadis Thomas A. , Zeriti Athina , Christodoulides Paul
Published: October 2019

Despite the critical importance of emotional intelligence in effectively interacting with other people, its role has been overlooked in scholarly research on cross-border interorganizational relationships. Drawing on emotion regulation theory, the authors propose a model that conceptualizes links among exporters’ emotional intelligence, key behavioral dimensions characterizing the atmosphere of the relationship with import buyers, and the resulting relational performance. They test the model with data collected from 262 Greek exporters using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that higher levels of exporter emotional intelligence enhance communication and social bonding with the importer while diminishing distance and conflict in their working relationship. Relational performance is positively influenced by communication and social bonding but negatively affected by distance and conflict. The results also reveal the moderating effect of both opportunism and interpartner incompatibility on the association between the exporter’s emotional intelligence and the behavioral atmosphere of the relationship with import buyers.
Race, Response to Intervention, and Reading Research
Authors: Willis Arlette Ingram
Published: October 2019

In this critique, race is centralized to draw attention to the role it plays in the complex evolution of response to intervention, past and present. I use a critical race theory analytical lens to focus on how the dominant narrative serves as a framework within institutional and political structures in support of the approach. A brief overview of anti-discrimination laws and policies is followed by several historical narratives that are used to convey the intersecting nature of early reading and special education research. The body of research is employed to articulate the goals and purpose of the intervention, sans a clear commitment to addressing racial disproportionality. This critique particularly exposes how response to intervention has neither improved reading achievement nor curtailed racial disproportionality, and emphasizes that reading research is complicit in the reproduction of racial inequality in education. I conclude with a call to action.
Robotics for Customer Service: A Useful Complement or an Ultimate Substitute?
Authors: Xiao Li , Kumar V.
Published: October 2019

We propose a conceptual framework that includes the antecedents and consequences of firms’ adopting and integrating robotics into their customer service operations. Drawing insights from literature on customer service, technology marketing, and computer science, our proposed framework elaborates on the concept of the degree of robotics adoption (DRA) as well as the antecedents (employee acceptance of robots and customer acceptance of robots) and multiple sequential consequences (service quality, customer long-term performance, and customer engagement) of DRA. We also discuss how the nature of the firm (Business to Consumer versus Business-to-Business, i.e., B2C vs. B2B), service characteristics (utilitarian vs. hedonic), and brand positioning (low equity vs. high equity) might moderate the relationship between DRA and service quality. Further, we provide actionable guidance for managers to adopt and integrate robotics into their customer service operations.
Early detection of developmental dysplasia of hip by ultrasound
Authors: Gyurkovits Zita , Sohár Gellért , Baricsa Anna , Németh Gábor , Orvos Hajnalka , Dubs Beat
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To assess the effectiveness of early universal ultrasound (US) screening of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Study design:

A prospective study of universal hip screening of all mature neonates was conducted from 2012 to 2013, at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Szeged; 1636 newborns (3272 hips) had clinical examinations and hip ultrasound by the Graf method within the1st 3 days of life. Prevalence of DDH, risk factors, sensitivity and specificity of clinical examinations were evaluated.

Results:

At the 1st US, 70 of the examined 3272 hips (2.14%) were found to be positive. According to Graf categories, the following distribution was observed: type II C, 21 hips (30.0%); D, 24 hips (34.28%); III, 24 hips (34.28%); IV, 1 hip (1.44%). Regarding the risk factors, female gender, breech presentation and positive family history proved to be significant. Interestingly, 28 (50.90%) of the 55 newborns with DDH had neither positive physical signs nor any risk factors, except being female. The physical examination was calculated for sensitivity (20.0%) and specificity (98.34%).

Conclusions:

In our 1-year period study, 50.9% of the newborns with DDH had neither any positive physical signs nor any risk factors, except being a female. In contrast, early universal US screening of the hip facilitated to diagnose all cases with hip dysplasia. Hip sonography is an effective mode of prevention in orthopaedics, however further studies are needed to compare the rates of operative procedures in selective versus universal screening models.
Prisons and picnics: tough talk and accent in Australian TV drama
Authors: Dwyer Tessa
Published: October 2019

Reflecting on the current TV landscape dominated by global streaming, Fremantle’s Jo Porter suggests that Australian TV is currently riding a high, with ‘quality’ dramas ‘cutting through’ and ‘getting noticed’ internationally. For Porter, this level of global visibility is occurring despite the barrier of its regional or ‘accented’ voice. However, in this article, I suggest that the global cache of certain Australian dramas may in fact be the product of accented storytelling rather than something to be conquered or overcome. In shaping this argument, I consider language politics and accent shifts in Australian TV history particularly in relation to exporting, format trade and remaking, exploring links between Grundy Television and Fremantle. By comparing language and accent in the cult classic Prisoner with Fremantle’s Wentworth and Picnic at Hanging Rock, I consider how the inclusion and exclusion of vernacular voice sheds light on industrial change and TV history.
From social gospel to CSR: Was corporate social responsibility ever radical?
Authors: Steensen Kristian Quistgaard , Villadsen Kaspar
Published: October 2019

Critics lament that corporate social responsibility has failed to significantly change business practices and that it became ‘de-radicalized’ once embraced by corporate business management. Using historical analysis, this article reevaluates this de-radicalization thesis, questioning whether corporate social responsibility ever was as inherently radical as the thesis assumes. The article demonstrates that early corporate social responsibility was already invested with a strategy of pragmatism, an investment that traces back to a group of late 19th and early 20th century American Christian reformists, also known as the social gospel movement. They promised that industrialism would unify Christian ethics and capitalist production, thereby reconciling the conflict between profitseeking and social solidarity. The discourse they advanced already contained what would later become key corporate social responsibility components, including (1) the notion of ethical businessmen, (2) the corporation as a morally conscious being and (3) collaboration as the pathway to ‘industrial peace’. Theoretically, the analysis finds inspiration in Luc Boltanski’s and Eve Chiapello’s thesis on modern capitalism’s capacity to assimilate the critiques it faces, supplemented by Michel Foucault’s fine-grained analyses of the transformation and ‘tactical polyvalence’ of discourse. The two positions complement each other in their assumptions regarding the dialectical relationship between capitalism/critique (Boltanski and Chiapello) and power/resistance (Foucault). Tracing the origins of corporate social responsibility’s pragmatism further back in time than the conventional starting point in the 1950s casts new light on the de-radicalization thesis. In particular, corporate social responsibility emphasizes personal ethics as the key to industrial peace, a social gospel legacy that has steered corporate social responsibility away from demands that fundamentally challenge corporate capitalism.
Treatment of multiple sclerosis with rituximab: A multicentric Italian–Swiss experience
Authors: Zecca Chiara , Bovis Francesca , Novi Giovanni , Capobianco Marco , Lanzillo Roberta , Frau Jessica , Repice Anna Maria , Hakiki Bahia , Realmuto Sabrina , Bonavita Simona , Curti Erica , Brambilla Laura , Mataluni Giorgia , Cavalla Paola , Di Sapio Alessia , Signoriello Elisabetta , Barone Stefania , Maniscalco Giorgia T , Maietta Ilaria , Maraffi Isabella , Boffa Giacomo , Malucchi Simona , Nozzolillo Agostino , Coghe Giancarlo , Mechi Claudia , Salemi Giuseppe , Gallo Antonio , Sacco Rosaria , Cellerino Maria , Malentacchi Maria , De Angelis Marcello , Lorefice Lorena , Magnani Eliana , Prestipino Elio , Sperli Francesca , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Fenu Giuseppe , Barilaro Alessandro , Abbadessa Gianmarco , Signori Alessio , Granella Franco , Amato Maria Pia , Uccelli Antonio , Gobbi Claudio , Sormani Maria Pia
Published: October 2019

Background:

Rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody leading to B lymphocyte depletion, is increasingly used as an off-label treatment option for multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective:

To investigate the effectiveness and safety of rituximab in relapsing–remitting (RR) and progressive MS.

Methods:

This is a multicenter, retrospective study on consecutive MS patients treated off-label with rituximab in 22 Italian and 1 Swiss MS centers. Relapse rate, time to first relapse, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) progression, incidence of adverse events, and radiological outcomes from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed.

Results:

A total of 355/451 enrolled subjects had at least one follow-up visit and were included in the outcome analysis. Annualized relapse rate significantly decreases after rituximab initiation versus the pre-rituximab start year in RRMS (from 0.86 to 0.09, p < .0001) and in secondary-progressive (SP) MS (from 0.34 to 0.06, p < .0001) and had a slight decrease in primary-progressive (PP) MS patients (from 0.12 to 0.07, p = 0.45). After 3 years from rituximab start, the proportion of patients with a confirmed EDSS progression was 14.6% in the RRMS group, 24.7% in the SPMS group, and 41.5% in the PPMS group. No major safety concerns arose.

Conclusion:

Consistently with other observational studies, our data show effectiveness of rituximab in reducing disease activity in patients with MS.
No association between cortical lesions and leptomeningeal enhancement on 7-Tesla MRI in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ighani Mehrnaz , Jonas Samuel , Izbudak Izlem , Choi Seongjin , Lema-Dopico Alfonso , Hua Jun , O’Connor Erin E , Harrison Daniel M
Published: October 2019

Background:

Autopsy data suggest a causative link between meningeal inflammation and cortical lesions (CLs) in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective:

To use leptomeningeal enhancement (LME) and CLs on 7-Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate associations between meningeal inflammation and cortical pathology.

Methods:

Forty-one participants with MS underwent 7T MRI of the brain. CLs and foci of LME were quantified.

Results:

All MS participants had CLs; 27 (65.8%) had >1 focus of LME. Except for hippocampal CL count (ρ = 0.32 with spread/fill-sulcal pattern LME, p = 0.042), no significant correlations were seen between LME and CLs. Mean cortical thickness correlated with the number of LME foci (ρ = –0.43, p = 0.005). Participants with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) showed no correlation with neocortical CLs, but significant correlations were seen between LME and hippocampal lesion count (ρ = 0.39, p = 0.030), normalized cortical gray matter (GM) volume (ρ = –0.49, p = 0.005), and mean cortical thickness (ρ = –0.59, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

This study supports a relationship between LME and cortical GM atrophy but does not support an association of LME and neocortical CLs. This may indicate that meningeal inflammation is involved with neurodegenerative inflammatory processes, rather than focal lesion development.
The influence of human leukocyte antigen-DRB1*15:01 and its interaction with smoking in MS development is dependent on DQA1*01:01 status
Authors: Hedström Anna Karin , Hössjer Ola , Hillert Jan , Stridh Pernilla , Kockum Ingrid , Olsson Tomas , Alfredsson Lars
Published: October 2019

Background:

HLA-DRB1*15:01, absence of HLA-A*02:01, and smoking interact to increase multiple sclerosis (MS) risk.

Objective:

To analyze whether MS-associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, apart from DRB1*15:01 and absence of A*02:01, interact with smoking in MS development, and to explore whether the established HLA-smoking interaction is affected by the DQA1*01:01 allele, which confers a protective effect only in the presence of DRB1*15:01.

Methods:

In two Swedish population-based case–control studies (5838 cases, 5412 controls), subjects with different genotypes and smoking habits were compared regarding MS risk, by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals employing logistic regression. Interaction on the additive scale between different genotypes and smoking was evaluated.

Results:

The DRB1*08:01 allele interacted with smoking to increase MS risk. The interaction between DRB1*15:01 and both the absence of A*02:01 and smoking was confined to DQA1*01:01 negative subjects, whereas no interactions occurred among DQA1*01:01 positive subjects.

Conclusion:

Multifaceted interactions take place between different class II alleles and smoking in MS development. The influence of DRB1*15:01 and its interaction with the absence of A*02:01 and smoking is dependent on DQA1*01:01 status which may be due to differences in the responding T-cell repertoires.
Playing to our strengths: Generalist teachers’ experiences of class swapping for primary physical education
Authors: Clohessy Liam , Bowles Richard , Ní Chróinín Déirdre
Published: October 2019

Class swapping is the process whereby a generalist primary school teacher with a particular subject expertise and interest swaps classes with a teacher colleague and they teach each other’s class a specific area of the curriculum. Instances of class swapping for physical education (PE) have been noted in many countries, but there is currently no explicit research into this practice. Consequently, this research investigated the experiences of two generalist teachers with additional PE expertise teaching PE to classes other than their own in two Irish primary schools over two separate intervention periods totalling 18 weeks. The participants’ experiences of class swapping for PE were analysed using qualitative data generated by individual interviews, pupil focus groups, researcher observations and teacher reflections. Hargreaves and Fullan’s theory of professional capital was used as a theoretical framework. The lead teachers’ expertise and enthusiasm for PE provided the pupils involved with rich PE experiences. The opportunity to teach additional PE also increased the lead teachers’ ability and motivation to provide further PE leadership within their schools. Furthermore, class swapping contributed to increased teacher interactions focused on teaching and learning. These findings make a worthwhile contribution to our understanding of class swapping and its potential to enrich pupil experiences in primary PE settings where generalist teachers operate.