bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degradáció és restauráció – globális állapot és jövőkép
Authors: Török Katalin
Published: January 2020

Az IPBES kormányközi testület által 2018-ban elfogadott, a szárazföldek élővilágának pusztulásával, a talaj degradációjával és ennek következményeivel, valamint a lehetséges beavatkozásokkal foglalkozó értékelő tanulmány borús képet ad a jelen folyamatairól és ezek emberi életminőségre gyakorolt hatásairól. Sürgős intézkedésekre van szükség a folyamat lassítására, megfordítására. Az első lépés a változtatás iránti elköteleződés, amelynek globális szinten kell érvényesülni. Az IPBES értékelése elsőként fogalmazta meg, hogy technológiai változtatásokkal csökkenteni kell az erőforrás- és az energiafelhasználást; az életszemléletnek el kell mozdulnia a növekedési kényszertől és egyben csökkenteni kell a pazarlást; valamint restaurációs beavatkozásokkal helyre kell állítani a degradált természeti tőkét.
Beporzók, beporzás, élelmiszertermelés – az IPBES első tematikus tanulmányának fő üzenetei
Authors: Kovács-Hostyánszki Anikó
Published: January 2020

A Biológiai Sokféleség és Ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatás Kormányközi Testület (Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, IPBES) első tematikus tanulmányának témájául 2014-ben a beporzók, az általuk biztosított növényi beporzás (pollináció) és ennek élelmiszertermelésben játszott szerepének értékelését választotta. A háziméhek és vad beporzók nyújtotta beporzásra a vadon élő és termesztett növények zömének szüksége van, ezáltal a pollináció kiemelkedő ökológiai, gazdasági, szociális és kulturális értékkel bír. A 2016-ban elkészült tanulmány, és az IPBES plenárisa által elfogadott, a főbb üzeneteket összefoglaló dokumentum szerint a beporzókra az emberi tevékenységek egyre fokozódó nyomást gyakorolnak, ideértve a tájhasználat változást, a természetközeli élőhelyek területének csökkenését, feldarabolódását, intenzív mezőgazdasági termelést, fokozott vegyszerhasználatot, klímaváltozást. Miközben a beporzó rovarok számos faja kihalással veszélyeztettet, illetve csökkenő trendeket mutat, a beporzásra való igény egyre nő a rovarbeporzást igénylő termesztett növénykultúrák területének kiterjedésével. A pollináció hatékony, hosszútávú fenntartása azonnali és többrétű cselekvéssorozatot igényel nemcsak a mezőgazdálkodás, hanem az emberi hozzáállás, mentalitás és a környezetünkhöz való viszonyulás terén is. Az IPBES beporzókat célzó tanulmánya megjelenése óta számos nemzeti és nemzetközi stratégia kidolgozását, beporzók védelmét célzó kezdeményezés elindulását segítette elő.
Természetvédők és kutatók ismeretei az eurázsiai hód kapcsán a Kárpát-medencében I.: elterjedés, életnyomok, az együttélés lehetőségei, az elhullás okai
Authors: Juhász Erika , Biró Marianna , Ulicsni Viktor , Molnár Zsolt
Published: January 2020

Az eurázsiai hóddal kapcsolatos szakmai ismeretek jelentős része a helyi természetvédők és kutatók publikálatlan tudásanyagában található. Kárpát-medencében élő szakembereket kértünk fel arra, hogy osszák meg velünk tapasztalataikat a faj elterjedését, életmódját és a konfliktust érintő kérdésekben. Az elhangzott információkat szakirodalmi környezetben értelmezve új összefüggéseket és kutatási irányokat kerestünk. A hód valamennyi folyónkon jelen van, az állomány növekszik, ezzel párhuzamosan az együttélés lehetőségének megteremtése egyre több térségben jelent kihívást. A hód általi fadöntés mellett a faj gátépítése, valamint üregásási tevékenysége is konfliktusok forrása. Adatközlőink válaszai fontos hézagokat töltenek be, általuk válik lehetővé a hazai tudásanyag újraértelmezése, szintetizálása és a megismert jelenségek nyugat-európai példákkal való összevetése.
Nemzeti ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatás térképezés és értékelés, avagy a természetvédelem országos programja
Authors: Kovács-Hostyánszki Anikó , Bereczki Krisztina , Czúcz Bálint , Fabók Veronika , Fodor Lívia , Kalóczkai Ágnes , Kiss Márton , Koncz Péter , Kovács Eszter , Rezneki Rita , Tanács Eszter , Török Katalin , Vári Ágnes , Zölei Anikó , Zsembery Zita
Published: January 2020

Az Európai Unió 2020-ig megvalósítandó Biodiverzitás Stratégiájának egyik fő célkitűzése az ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatások (ÖSz-ek) minél teljesebb megőrzése és helyreállítása. Ennek érdekében a tagországok számára előírják, hogy térképezzék és értékeljék a területükön található ökoszisztémák állapotát (ÖÁ), valamint az általuk nyújtott ÖSz-ek helyzetét és gazdasági értékét. Magyarországon a 2016 őszén indult, Agrárminisztérium által koordinált KEHOP-4.3.0-VEKOP-15-2016-00001 számú kiemelt projekt keretében az „Ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatások” fejlesztési elem egyik fő feladata a hazai viszonyok között kiemelt fontossággal bíró ÖSz-ek országos térképezése és értékelése (Nemzeti Ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatás Térképezés és Értékelés; NÖSZTÉP). Az értékelés az ún. kaszkád-modell mentén végig halad az ÖSz-eket meghatározó ÖÁ jellemzőktől, az ÖSz kapacitásokon és az ebből ténylegesen igénybe vett szolgáltatásokon át az emberi jóllét fenntartásában vagy növelésében játszott szerepükig. A projekt eredményei a tervek szerint segítik majd a természeti tőkénkkel való fenntartható gazdálkodást, a zöldinfrastruktúra-hálózat fejlesztését, az egyes ágazatok közti hatékonyabb kommunikációt és a természetvédelmi és más ágazati döntéshozatalt.
Management of finance of corporation. Monograph
Authors: Kaledin Sergey , Motorina Marina
Published: January 2020

Enterprise management is essentially a set of actions and decisions based on their preparation and analysis and in accordance with strategic and tactical goals and objectives, plans of activities. Through management and its results the usefulness and professionalism of managers, managers, the heads influencing through such categories as profit, capital cost, the salary, dividends, investments, social expenses, etc. is shown.
Enterprise financial management is the consistent activity of its employees in the organization and management of financial relations, cash funds and cash flows.
Управление предприятием — это, по существу, совокупность мероприятий и решений на основе их подготовки и анализа и в соответствии со стратегическими и тактическими целями и задачами, планами деятельности. Именно через управление и его результаты проявляется полезность и профессионализм управленцев, менеджеров, руководителей, влияющих через такие категории, как прибыль, стоимость капитала, заработная плата, дивиденды, инвестиции, социальные расходы и др.
Управление финансами корпорации — это последовательная деятельность его работников по организации и управлению финансовыми отношениями, денежными фондами и денежными потоками.
Recovery from bone loss, diminished mineral density and strength in mice after treatment with steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by injection of exosomes enriched with agomir miRNAs
Authors: Lehmann Tomasz P. , Pruszyńska-Oszmałek Ewa , Kołodziejski Paweł , Wojtków Magdalena , Pezowicz Celina , Szybowicz Mirosław , Jagodziński Paweł P. , Nowicki Marek , Trzaskowska Aleksandra , Mielcarek Sławomir , Głowacki Maciej
Published: January 2020

The project “Recovery from bone loss, diminished mineral density and strength in mice after treatment with steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by injection of exosomes enriched with agomir miRNAs” is an animal experiment project, and an attempt to apply small RNA strands to reverse the harmful effects of anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients chronically treated with an anti-inflammatory drug suffer from musculoskeletal side effects, including reversed mineralisation and disabled bone fracture healing. The aims of the study are to measure changes in bone mineral density and bone strength in mice treated with methylprednisolone or diclofenac in combination with treadmill exercise. The reversal of the negative effects of these drugs will be assayed using modified miRNA agomir. Bones obtained from the treated mice will be analysed using micro-CT, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), nanoindentation, Raman spectroscopy and gene expression. We expect to find specific miRNA counteracting the demineralisation of the mice bones caused by methylprednisolone or diclofenac.
Association of ABCB4 and ABCB11 nucleotide variants with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: Gruszczyńska-Losy Milena , Mostowska Adrianna , Adamczak Łukasz , Jagodziński Paweł , Wender-Ożegowska Ewa , Kędzia Małgorzata
Published: January 2020

Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common liver disorder during gestation. The exact pathogenesis of ICP is multifactorial and still unclear. Therefore, our study aimed to check whether the selected ABCB4and ABCB11nucleotide variants are associated with an increased risk of ICP.

Methods:ICP was diagnosed based on clinical symptoms characteristic of this disease and confirmed by increase in serum bile acids and transaminases, spontaneous resolution of clinical symptoms and normalization of laboratory tests after delivery. The total of 86 pregnant women meeting the criteria were included into the study. Healthy pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancy served as control group (n=310). Sixcommon nucleotide variants in theABCB11and ABCB4genes were genotypedwith the use of high-resolution melting curve analysis.

Conclusion:Our study did not show any significant association of analysed ABCB4and ABCB11nucleotide variants with the increased risk of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
Sistem Pendidikan Islam dalam Kerangka Nasionalis-Religius Berbasis Rahmatan lil 'alamin
Authors: Jaenuri Jaenuri
Published: January 2020

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Penentuan Strategi Promosi Usaha Mikro Kecil Dan Menengah (UMKM) Menggunakan Metode CRISP-DM dengan Algoritma K-Means Clustering
Authors: Astuti Dwi
Published: January 2020

Terjadinya penurunan jumlah UMKM sebesar 0,003% menyebabkan pertumbuhan ekonomi lesu pada kuartal II di Indonesia. Adanya sumber data UMKM yang melimpah disebuah daerah dapat digunakan untuk menggali informasi. Pengelompokan data UMKM yang memanfaatkan proses data mining dengan menggunakan teknik clustering dapat digunakan untuk mengolah data yang ada. Pada prosesnya, metode yang digunakan adalah pemahaman bisnis, pemahaman data, persiapan data, pemodelan, evaluasi dan persebaran. Dalam pembentukan cluster, algoritma yang digunakan adalah K-Means. K-means clustering merupakan salah satu algoritma yang dapat mengelompokkan data kedalam beberapa cluster berdasarkan kemiripan data. Sehingga UMKM yang memiliki karakteristik sama akan dimasukkan ke dalam satu cluster dan data dengan karakteristik yang berbeda akan dikelompokkan ke dalam cluster lainnya. Dalam prosesnya, penelitian ini akan menguji data berupa jenis usaha, aset dan omset. Data UMKM akan diolah menggunakan python guna untuk menghasilkan cluster yang akurat. Cluster yang terbentuk dari proses clustering ini ada 3 (tiga) cluster dengan cluster satu sebanyak 182 UMKM, cluster dua terdiri dari 47 UMKM, dan cluster tiga terdiri dari 55 UMKM. Penelitian ini diharapkan mengeluarkan output berupa klusterisasi atau pengelompokkan data yang sesuai untuk dasar pengambilan keputusan dalam penentuan strategi promosi. Sehingga dapat menghasilkan informasi yang akurat bagi UMKM untuk membantu mengembangkan usahanya.
Analisis Mutu Pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Atas Program Ilmu Alam di Jawa Tengah dengan Algoritme K-Means Terorganisir
Authors: Ananda Ridho
Published: January 2020

Banyaknya jumlah sekolah menengah atas (SMA) di Jawa Tengah dengan mutu pendidikan yang berbeda-beda menjadi kendala bagi stakeholder dalam mengambil kebijakan. Untuk mengatasinya, dibutuhkan metode dalam menganalisis data sekolahan yang berkaitan dengan mutu pendidikan. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan adalah penggerombolan. Pada penelitian ini diterapkan metode penggerombolan dengan algoritme K-means serta kombinasi K-means dan Hirarki pada nilai ujian akhir nasional (UAN) program ilmu alam. Nilai UAN merupakan salah satu komponen penilaian mutu pendidikan. Penentuan banyak gerombol optimal digunakan Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) dan diperoleh 5 gerombol optimal dengan BIC 221.45. Hasil penggerombolan terbaik berdasarkan nilai Silhouette diperoleh algoritme complete K-means dengan nilai 0.4537, sehingga hasil tersebut digunakan untuk menganalisis mutu pendidikan di Jawa Tengah. Berdasarkan hasil penggerombolan, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa sekolah yang unggul banyak terdapat di kota Semarang dengan proporsi 12.76% dari seluruh sekolah unggul pada 35 wilayah di Jawa Tengah. Sedangkan sekolah terbanyak pada peringkat terendah di Boyolali dengan proporsi 9.03% dari seluruh sekolah peringkat terakhir pada 35 wilayah di Jawa Tengah. Lima wilayah yang perbedaan mutunya tidak merata ialah Banjarnegara, Demak, Kab. Pekalongan, Batang, dan Purwodadi. Sedangkan lima wilayah yang perbedaan mutunya paling merata adalah Wonosobo, Tegal, Semarang, dan Magelang.
Performance of ultrasonography screening for breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Lei , Wang Shengfeng , Zhang Liwen , Sheng Chao , Song Fengju , Huang Yubei
Published: January 2020

Background To investigate the performance of primary ultrasound (US) screening for breast cancer, and that of supplemental US screening for breast cancer after negative mammography (MAM). Methods Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Wed of Science, and Embase) were systematically searched to identify relevant studies published between January 2003 and May 2018. Only high-quality or fair-quality studies reporting any of the following performance values for supplemental or primary US screening were included: sensitivity, specificity, cancer detected rate (CDR), recall rate (RR), biopsy rate (BR), and proportions of invasive cancers (ProIC) or node-negative invasive cancers (ProNNIC) among screening-detected cancers. Results Twenty-three studies were included, including 12 studies in which supplemental US screening was used after negative MAM and 11 joint screening studies in which both MAM and US were used as primary screening methods. Meta-analyses revealed that supplemental US screening could detect 96% [95% confidential intervals (CIs): 82% to 99%] of occult breast cancers missed by MAM and identify 94% (95% CIs: 88% to 97%) of healthy women, with a CDR of 2.9/1000 (95%CIs: 1.8/1000 to 3.9/1000), RR of 8.6% (95%CIs: 4.8% to 13.5%), BR of 3.9% (95%CIs: 2.5% to 5.5%), ProIC of 73.9% (95%CIs: 49.0% to 93.7%), and ProNNIC of 72.6% (95%CIs: 51.9% to 90.0%). Compared with primary MAM screening, primary US screening led to the recall of significantly more women with positive screening results [1.2% (95%CIs:0.4% to 1.9%), P =0.003] and detected significantly more invasive cancers [20.8% (95%CIs: 14.6% to 27.0%), P < 0.001]. However, there were no significant differences for other performance measures between the two screening methods, including sensitivity, specificity, CDR, BR, and ProNNIC. Conclusions Current evidence suggests that supplemental US screening could detect occult breast cancers missed by MAM. Primary US screening has shown to be comparable to primary MAM screening in women with dense breasts in terms of sensitivity, specificity, cancer detection rate, and biopsy rate, but with higher recall rates and higher detection rates for invasive cancers.
In Vitro comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of TruNatomy in single and double curvature canals compared with different nickel-titanium rotary instruments
Authors: Elnaghy Amr M. , Elsaka Shaymaa E , Mandorah Ayman
Published: January 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of newly developed TruNatomy instruments (TRN) in single and double (S-shaped) curvature canals with HyFlex CM (HCM), Vortex Blue (VB) and RaCe (RC) instruments.
Methods: Size 20/.04 taper and size 25/0.04 of HCM, VB and RC were used. For TRN instruments, size 20/.04 taper (small) and size 26/.04 taper (prime) were used. The instruments were tested in artificial canals with double curvature (coronal curve; 60° curvature, 5 mm radius and apical curve; 70° curvature and 2 mm radius) and single curvature (60° curvature, 5 mm radius). The number of cycles to failure (NCF) was recorded. Data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparison tests. Weibull analysis was performed on NCF data. Statistical significant was set at p < 0.05.
Results: TRN and HCM revealed higher NCF compared with the other instruments for both tested sizes in single and double curvature canals ( p < 0.05). TRN and HCM showed no statistically significant difference in the NCF ( p > 0.05). The probability of survival was higher for HCM and TRN instruments than VB and RC instruments.
Conclusions: HCM and TRN instruments were more resistant to cyclic fatigue than VB and RC instruments in single and double curvature canals. HCM and TRN instruments were anticipated to survive with higher number of cycles than the other tested instruments. RC instrument had the lowest fatigue resistance than the other instruments.
Bacillus velezensis LG37: Transcriptome profiling and functional verification of GlnK and MnrA in ammonia (NH4+) assimilation
Authors: Liu Guangxin , V Sarath Babu , Dong Yanjun , Li Xinfeng , A Binda Tembeng , Zhao Lijuan , Tu Jiagang , He Jin , lin li
Published: January 2020

Background: In recent years, interest in Bacillus velezensis has increased significantly due to its role in many industrial water bioremediation processes, including the use of probiotics. In this study, we isolated and assessed the transcriptome of Bacillus velezensis LG37 (aquaculture pond) under different nitrogen sources. Since Bacillus species exhibit heterogeneity, it is worth investigating the molecular information of LG37 through ammonia nitrogen assimilation, where nitrogen in the form of ammonia is considered toxic to aquatic organisms. Results: Here, a total of 812 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the transcriptomic sequencing of LG37 grown in minimal medium supplemented with ammonia (treatment) or glutamine (control) were obtained, from which 56 had Fold Change ≥ 2. BLAST-NCBI and UniProt databases revealed 27 out of the 56 DEGs were potentially involved in NH4+ assimilation. Among them, 8 DEGs together with the two-component regulatory system glnK/glnL were randomly selected for validation by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and the results showed that expression of all the 8 DEGs is consistent with the RNA-seq data. Moreover, the transcriptome and relative expression analysis were consistent with the transporter (amtB) gene of LG37 and it is not involved in ammonia transport, even in the highest ammonia concentrations. Besides, CRISPR-Cas9 knockout and overexpression LG37 mutants of glnK further evidenced the exclusion of amtB regulation, suggesting the involvement of alternative transporter. Additionally, in the transcriptomic data, a novel ammonium transporter mnrA was expressed significantly in increased ammonia concentrations. Subsequently, OEmnrA and ΔmnrA LG37 strains showed unique expression pattern of specific genes compared to that of wild-LG37 strain. Conclusion: Based on the transcriptome data, regulation of nitrogen related genes was determined in the newly isolated LG37 strain to analyse the key regulating factors during ammonia assimilation. Using genomics tools, the novel MnrA transporter of LG37 became apparent in ammonia transport instead of AmtB, which transports ammonium nitrogen in other Bacillus strains. Collectively, this study defines heterogeneity of B. velezensis LG37 through comprehensive transcriptome analysis and subsequently, by genome editing techniques, sheds light on the enigmatic mechanisms controlling the functional genes under different nitrogen sources also reveals the need for further research.
Combination of isoflurane and propofol, a means for general anesthesia in the orthopedic surgery of perioperative cerebral hypoperfusion rats to avoid cognitive impairment Anesthesia of perioperative cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Bu Xinyue , Li Tang , Wang Haiyun , Xia Zhengyuan , Guo Di , Wang Jinxin , Sun Yi , Yang Chenyi , Liu Guoqiang , Ma Ji , Yang Zhuo , Wang Guolin
Published: January 2020

Background: Perioperative cerebral hypoperfusion often occurs. However, the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairment resulting when perioperative cerebral hypoperfusion occurs remain mostly to be determined. Anesthetic isoflurane induces neuronal injury via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, whereas sub-anesthetic dose of propofol improves postoperative cognitive function. However, the effects of the combination of isoflurane plus propofol, which is a common combination of anesthesia for patient, on ER stress and the associated cognitive function remain unknown.
Methods: We therefore set out to determine the effects of isoflurane plus propofol on the ER stress and cognitive function in the rats insulted by cerebral hypoperfusion. A ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries (CCA) surgery was adopted to prepare rats as cerebral hypoperfusion (CH) animal model. A second surgery, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), requiring general anesthesia, was operated 30 days later so that the effects of anesthetics on cognitive function of these CH rats could be assessed. The rats received isoflurane alone (1.9%), propofol alone (40 mg·kg -1 ·h -1 ) or a combination of isoflurane and propofol (1% and 20 mg·kg -1 ·h -1 or 1.4% and 10 mg·kg -1 ·h -1 ). Behavior studies (Fear Conditioning test), histological analyses (Nissl staining) and biochemical analyses (western blotting for the harvested rat brain tissues) were employed in the studies.
Results: We found that the combination of 1% isoflurane plus 20 mg·kg -1 ·h -1 propol did not aggravate the cognitive impairment and the ER stress in aging rats with cerebral hypoperusion and being subjected to an ORIF surgery.
Conclusions: These data suggest that ER stress contributes to the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairment and the combination of isoflurane and propofol did not aggravate the cognitive impairment and the ER stress in aging rats with cerebral hypoperfusion and being subjected to an ORIF surgery.
Antibiotic prescribing among inpatients with infectious and non-infectious indications in obstetrics and gynaecology departments at two tertiary care hospitals in Central India
Authors: Machowska Anna , Landstedt Kristoffer , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Sharma Megha
Published: January 2020

Background: Patients in obstetrics and gynaecology (OBGY) departments are at high risk of life-threatening infection, thus prescribed antibiotics extensively. The use of antibiotics leads to increasing antibiotic resistance (ABR). Antibiotic surveillance is one of the cornerstones to combat ABR. However, surveillance of, department specific antibiotic prescription data is rarely performed, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Aim: To describe and compare antibiotic prescription patterns among the inpatients at OBGY departments of two tertiary care hospitals, one teaching (TH) and one non-teaching (NTH), in Central India.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted for three years using. Demographics, length of hospital stay, diagnoses and prescribed antibiotics including dose, duration and frequency were recorded for all inpatients during their hospital stay. The patients were divided into, infectious and non-infectious diagnosis categories and further into surgical, non-surgical and possible surgical indications using the International Classification of Disease system version-10.
Results: A total of 5558 patients were included in the study; 2044 (81%) in the TH and 2567 (85%) in the NTH received antibiotics (p<0.001). A majority of the patients with surgical indications were prescribed antibiotics (TH-87%, NTH-100%). Prescribing of the fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of antibiotics and use of trade names were more common at the NTH. Most of the inpatients who had neither surgery nor any confirmed bacterial infection received antibiotics (TH-71% and NTH-75%). Overall, higher DDD/1000 patients were prescribed in the TH in both categories.
Conclusions: High antibiotic prescribing for the inpatients having no infection indications in both hospitals, as well as frequent prescribing of trade-name, broad-spectrum antibiotics, including the FDCs in the NTH than the TH, are points of concern. Investigation of the underlying reasons for prescribing antibiotics for unindicated diagnoses and the development and implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs are recommended measures to improve the antibiotic prescribing practice.
Long-term effects of group exercise intervention on maximal step-up height in middle-aged female primary care patients with obesity and other cardio-metabolic risk factors
Authors: Nyberg Lillemor Amanda , Sundberg Carl Johan , Wändell Per , Kowalski Jan , Hellenius Mai-Lis
Published: January 2020

Background: Low physical performance is a predictor of morbidity and mortality. This study looks at long-term effects of an exercise intervention on maximal step-up height (MSH) in individuals with low physical function. Furthermore, we studied correlates to changes in MSH. Methods: Female patients (n=101), mean(SD) age of 52(11) years, were recruited for a 3-month group exercise intervention including 2-3 sessions/week of mixed aerobic fitness and strength training. MSH, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂-max), self-reported health (SF-36) and physical activity (PA) were measured at baseline (T0), after 3 months (T1) and after 14-30(mean 22) months (T2). Relationships between changes in MSH (cm) and age, baseline MSH, time to follow-up, changes in anthropometric measurements, VO₂-max, SF-36 and PA were studied with regression analyses. Results: MSH, significantly, increased from T0 to T1, 27.2(5.7) to 29.0(5.5) cm and decreased to 25.2(5.5) cm at T2. Time to follow-up (B=-0.42, p<0.001) and change in BMI (B=-0.29, p=0.012) correlated significantly to changes in MSH. Waist circumference, VO₂-max, PF and exercise/physical activity levels were significantly improved at T2, while BMI did not change. In a univariate logistic regression model, maintenance of MSH correlated to the extent of mixed training (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.25-8.89). In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for important factors the correlation was not significant. However, MSH was significantly higher in individuals participating in 2-3 session per week compared to one session. Conclusions: A 3-month group exercise intervention increased MSH, improved fitness, decreased risk in female patients with elevated cardio-metabolic risk. After an average of 22 months MSH was reduced while positive effects remained for waist circumference, VO₂-max, physical function and physical activity. However, regular group exercise 2-3 times per week with mixed aerobic fitness and strength training was associated with maintenance of MSH in a subgroup of patients. We suggest that such an intervention including regular support from healthcare professionals is a successful approach for maintaining improved leg-muscle strength among primary care patients.
Prognostic role of time to positivity of blood culture in children with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia.
Authors: xu huiting , Cheng Jie , Yu Qinghong , Li Qingyuan , Yi Qian , Luo Siying , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Guangli , Tian Xiaoyin , Cheng Dapeng , Luo Zhengxiu
Published: January 2020

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major Gram-negative pathogen, which has been reported to result in high mortality. We aim to investigate the prognostic value and optimum cut-off point of time-to-positivity (TTP) of blood culture in children with P. aeruginosa bacteremia.Methods: From August 2014 to November 2018, we enrolled the inpatients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia in a 1500-bed tertiary teaching hospital in Chongqing, China retrospectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimum cut-off point of TTP, and logistic regression were employed to explore the risk factors for in-hospital mortality and septic shock.Results: Totally, 52 children with P. aeruginosa bacteremia were enrolled. The standard cut-off point of TTP was18 hours. Early TTP (≤18 hours) group patients had remarkably higher in-hospital mortality (42.9% vs 9.7%, P=0.014), higher incidence of septic shock (52.4% vs12.9%, P=0.06), higher Pitt bacteremia scores [3.00 (1.00-5.00) vs 1.00 (1.00-4.00), P=0.046] and more intensive care unit admission (61.9% vs 22.6%, P=0.008) when compared with late TTP (>18 hours) groups. Multivariate analysis indicated TTP ≤18 h, Pitt bacteremia scores ≥4 were the independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality (OR 5.88, 95%CI 1.21-21.96, P=0.035; OR 4.95, 95%CI 1.26-27.50, P=0.024; respectively). The independent risk factors for septic shock were as follows: TTP ≤18h, Pitt bacteremia scores ≥4 and hypoalbuminemia (OR 6.30, 95%CI 1.18-33.77, P=0.032; OR 8.15, 95%CI 1.15-42.43, P=0.014; OR 6.46, 95% CI 1.19-33.19 P=0.031; respectively).Conclusions: Early TTP (≤18 hours) appeared to be associated with worse outcomes for P. aeruginosa bacteremia children.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered. File No. (2019)304
Evidence-based intrapartum practice and its associated factors at a tertiary teaching hospital in the Philippines, a descriptive mixed-methods study.
Authors: Masuda Chisato , Ferolin Shirley Kristine , Masuda Ken , Smith Chris , Matsui Mitsuaki
Published: January 2020

Background Evidenced-based practice is a key component of quality care. However, studies in the Philippines have identified gaps between evidence and actual maternity practices. This study aims to describe the practice of evidence-based intrapartum care and its associated factors, as well as exploring the perceptions of healthcare providers in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted, which consisted of direct observation of intrapartum practices during the second and third stages, as well as semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with care providers to determine their perceptions and reasoning behind decisions to perform episiotomy or fundal pressure. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyse the relationship between observed practices and maternal, neonatal, and environmental factors. Qualitative data were parsed and categorised to identify themes related to the decision-making process. Results A total of 170 deliveries were included. Recommended care, such as prophylactic use of oxytocin and controlled cord traction in the third stage, were applied in almost all the cases. However, harmful practices were also observed, such as intramuscular or intravenous oxytocin use in the second stage (14%) and lack of foetal heart rate monitoring (57%). Of primiparae, 92% received episiotomy and 31% of all deliveries received fundal pressure. Factors associated with the implementation of episiotomy included primipara (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 62.3), duration of the second stage of more than 30 minutes (aOR 4.6), and assisted vaginal delivery (aOR 15.0). Factors associated with fundal pressure were primipara (aOR 3.0), augmentation with oxytocin (aOR 3.3), and assisted delivery (aOR 4.8). Healthcare providers believe that these practices can prevent laceration. The rate of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) was 17%. Associated with OASIS were assisted delivery (aOR 6.0), baby weights of more than 3.5 kg (aOR 7.8), episiotomy (aOR 26.4), and fundal pressure (aOR 6.2). Conclusions Our study found that potentially harmful practices are still conducted that contribute to the occurrence of OASIS. The perception of these practices is divergent with current evidence, and empirical knowledge has more influence. To improve practices the scientific evidence and its underlying basis should be understood among providers.
Clinically useful prediction of hospital admissions in an older population
Authors: Marcusson Jan , Nord Magnus , Dong Huan-Ji , Lyth Johan
Published: January 2020

Background: The healthcare for older adults is insufficient in many countries, not designed to meet their needs and is often described as disorganized and reactive. Prediction of older persons at risk of admission to hospital may be one important way for the future healthcare system to act proactively when meeting increasing needs for care. Therefore, we wanted to develop and test a clinically useful model for predicting hospital admissions of older persons based on routine healthcare data. Methods : We used the healthcare data on 40,728 persons, 75-109 years of age to predict hospital in-ward care in a prospective cohort. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify significant factors predictive of unplanned hospital admission. Model fitting was accomplished using forward selection. The accuracy of the prediction model was expressed as area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, AUC. Results: The prediction model consisting of 38 variables exhibited a good discriminative accuracy for unplanned hospital admissions over the following 12 months (AUC 0·69 [95% confidence interval, CI 0·68–0·70]) and was validated on external datasets. Clinically relevant proportions of predicted cases of 40 or 45% resulted in sensitivities of 62 and 66%, respectively. The corresponding positive predicted values (PPV) was 31% and 29%, respectively. Conclusion : A prediction model based on routine administrative healthcare data from older persons can be used to find patients at risk of admission to hospital. Identifying the risk population can enable proactive intervention for older patients with as-yet unknown needs for healthcare.
Fluid Overload After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis is Associated with Prolonged Time on Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Silva Sirlei , Consolim-Colombo Fernanda Marciano , Rodrigues Renata Gomes , Gaiotto Fábio Antonio , Hajjar Ludhmila Abrahão , Moysés Rosa Maria Affonso , Elias Rosilene Motta
Published: January 2020

Background Fluid overload is a risk factor for morbidity, mortality, and prolonged ventilation time after surgery. Patients on maintenance hemodialysis might be at higher risk. We hypothesized that fluid accumulation would be directly associated with extended ventilation time in patients on hemodialysis, as compared to patients with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis (CKD3-4) and patients with normal renal function (reference group).Methods this is a prospective observational study that included consecutive patients submitted to an isolated and elective coronary artery bypass surgery classified as reference (N=167, normal renal function), CKD3-4 (N=84, estimated glomerular filtration rate 30-60ml/min/1.73m 2 ), and hemodialysis (N=31, maintenance hemodialysis) groups. The same observer followed patients daily from the surgery to the hospital discharge.Results Fluid accumulation correlated with time on mechanical ventilation in patients on hemodialysis (r=0.627, p=0.003), but not in the CKD3-4 group (r=-0.068, p=0.652) and in the reference group (r=-0.085, p=0.363). Multivariate analysis revealed that the fluid accumulation, scores of sequential organ failure assessment-SOFA in the day following surgery, and the group according to renal function were independently associated with ventilation time. Furthermore, in patients on hemodialysis, the time between surgery and the first hemodialysis also accounted for the time on mechanical ventilation.Conclusions Fluid accumulation is an important risk factor for lengthening mechanical ventilation, particularly in patients on hemodialysis. Future studies are warranted to address the ideal timing for initiating dialysis in this scenario in an attempt to reduce fluid accumulation and avoid prolonged ventilation time and hospital stay.
Divergence of pigments in three phylogenetically close Monascus species (M. pilosus, M. ruber, and M. purpureus) based on secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters
Authors: HIGA YUKI , Kim Young-Soo , Altaf-Ul-Amin Md. , Huan Ming , Ono Naoaki , Kanaya Shigehiko
Published: January 2020

Background: Species under the genus Monascus are considered as economically important and have been widely used in the production of yellow and red food colorants. In particular, three Monascus species, namely, M. pilosus , M. purpureus , and M. ruber , are used for food fermentation in the cuisine of East Asian countries such as China, Japan, and Korea. These species have also been utilized in the production of various kinds of natural pigments. Results: We examined the diversity of pigment-related biosynthetic pathways in three Monascus species ( M. pilosus , M. purpureus , and M. ruber ) at the metabolome and genome levels. Illumina MiSeq 300 bp paired-end sequencing generated 17 million high-quality short reads in each species, corresponding to 200 times the genome size. We measured the pigments and their related metabolites using potato dextrose liquid (PDL) media. The colors in the PDL media corresponding to the pigments and their related metabolites produced by the three species are very different from each other. The gene clusters for secondary metabolite biosynthesis of the three Monascus species also diverged, confirming that M. pilosus and M. purpureus are chemotaxonomically different. M. ruber has similar biosynthetic gene clusters for citrinin, monacolin K, and Monascus azaphilone pigments with M. pilosus and M. purpureus. The comparison of secondary metabolites produced also revealed divergence in the three species. Conclusions: Our findings are important for improving the utilization of Monascus species in the food industry and industrial field. However, in view of food safety, we need to determine if the toxins produced by some Monascus strains exist in the genome or in the metabolome.
Pathogenic features of urinary Escherichia coli strains causing Asymptomatic Bacteriuria during Pregnancy
Authors: Mohebi Samane , Hashemizade zahra , Hadadi Mahtab , Kholdi Soudeh , Javadi Kasra , Motamedifar Mohammad
Published: January 2020

Background Asymptomatic bacteriuria is one of the common problems in pregnancy. Pyelonephritis, preterm labor and low birth weight infants have been associated with bacterial infection. Urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy is frequently associated with complications. An observational cross-sectional study including investigated the prevalence of virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance, and its relationship with phylogenetic groups among E. coli strains isolated from pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria who referred to Hafez hospital, Shiraz, Iran.Material and Methods A total of 300 urine samples were screened for Escherichia coli strains. Susceptibility testing was determined by the disk-diffusion method. The phylogenetic groups and 13 virulence genes were identified by PCR. ESBL and AmpC producing isolates were detected using phenotypic methods. PCR was used to identify the bla TEM , bla SHV and bla CTXM genes in ESBL and AmpC-positive isolates.Results Our results revealed that among 300 urine samples, 105 (35%) were positive for E. coli . The data showed that the highest and the lowest resistance rates were observed against nalidixic acid (82.1%), and imipenem (2.8%), respectively. The prevalence of ESBLs and AmpC-β-lactamase, in the E. coli isolates was 41% and 9.5% respectively. bla CTXM was the commonest genotype (93%). Phylogenetic group distribution was as follow: B1 2.8%, A 14.2%, B2 61.9%, and D 4.6%. Our result showed that most of the virulence genes belonged to group B2 and also several virulence genes such as hlyA , cnf-1 , and papGII genes were positively associated with group B2. Conclusion Among E. coli strains isolated from patients with UTIs, different features phylogroups, with special virulence factors, could cause severe infection. Awareness about the Virulence patterns distribution among Phylogenetic groups of UPEC could greatly aid in confine and prevent the development of lethal infection caused by these strains.
How to recover from a bad start: size at metamorphosis affects growth and survival in a tropical amphibian
Authors: Szekely Diana , Cogalniceanu Dan , Szekely Paul , Armijos-Ojeda Diego , Espinosa-Mogrovejo Valentina , Denoel Mathieu
Published: January 2020

Background:In species with complex life cycles, metamorphosing size is a key life-history trait which reflects the complex interactions between costs and benefits of life in the aquatic and terrestrial environments. Whereas the effects of a deteriorating larval habitat (e.g. pond desiccation) on triggering an early metamorphosis have been extensively investigated in amphibians, the consequences of the resulting reduced size at metamorphosis on fitness in the post-metamorphic terrestrial stage remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that a smaller size at metamorphosis negatively affects performance and fitness in the ensuing terrestrial stage. Using as model a tropical amphibian (Ceratophrys stolzmanni) showing a large phenotypic plasticity in metamorphosing traits, we evaluated the effects of froglets' size at metamorphosis on fitness-related trophic and locomotor performance traits, as well as on growth and survival rates. Results: Our results support the hypothesis that a bigger size at metamorphosis is correlated with better survival and performance. Survival rate of large metamorphosing individuals was 95%, compared to 60% for those completing metamorphosis at a small size. Locomotor performance and gape were positively correlated with size, larger animals being more mobile and capable to ingest larger preys. However, smaller individuals achieved higher growth rates, thus reducing the size gap. Conclusions: Overall, size at metamorphosis had a profound impact on short-term fitness, but smaller surviving individuals compensated their initial disadvantages by increasing growth rates.
A systematic review of interventions to improve acute hospital care for people with dementia
Authors: Karrer Melanie , Schnelli Angela , Zeller Adelheid , Mayer Hanna
Published: January 2020

Background People with dementia are confronted with negative consequences due to hospital stays. When developing new interventions to improve the care of people with dementia in acute care hospitals, it is crucial to have a comprehensive overview of the previous interventions tested in this field and to know the investigated outcomes and effects. Methods We conducted a systematic review of interventional studies to provide an overview of interventions targeting the care situation of patients with dementia in acute care hospitals. We included trials with interventional study designs and systematic reviews of interventional studies with no restrictions regarding the outcomes. We searched five electronic databases, conducted a hand search of journals and performed forward and backward citation tracking of the included studies. For risk of bias assessment, we used the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials, ROBANS (for non-randomised controlled trials) and AMSTAR (for systematic reviews). We provide tabular and narrative summaries of the findings. Results Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. he findings indicated a broad range of interventions and outcomes. We categorised the interventions into nine intervention types: educational programmes, family-/person-centred programmes, use of specially trained nurses, volunteer programmes, delirium management programmes, special care units and inpatient rehabilitation interventions. Staff outcomes were primarily investigated, followed by patient outcomes. Outcomes for relatives were only reported in three of the included studies. Educational programmes were the most commonly reported intervention type and showed improvements in staff outcomes. Family-/person-centred care programmes, use of specially trained nurses and delirium management programmes were able to improve patient-related outcomes, e.g. delirium severity, functional performance and rehospitalisation rates. Rehabilitation interventions after hip fractures and special care units for people with dementia showed hardly significant effects. Conclusions Although the included interventional studies were able to show improved outcomes for staff, relatives and patients, the evidence is insufficient to declare which interventions are effective in improving care for people with dementia in acute care hospitals. Future research should focus on patient and family caregiver outcomes. Furthermore, interventions addressing relatives, interprofessional collaboration and the entire practice culture are needed.
Development and validation of a food and nutrition literacy questionnaire for Chinese school-age children
Authors: Liu Tan , Su Xiao , Li Niuniu , Sun Jing , Ma Guansheng , Zhu Wenli
Published: January 2020

Background : This study aimed to develop and validate a Food and Nutrition Literacy Questionnaire for Chinese School-age Children (FNLQ-SC).
Methods : A comprehensive literature review and a qualitative study were initially performed to identify food and nutrition literacy dimensions and core components. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 4359 school-age children, and the junior middle school students were used to analyze the reliability and validity (n=2452). The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by internal consistency. The construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and the content validity was assessed by Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results : By literature review and qualitative methods, 19 core components of FNLQ-SC were developed, including five dimensions of food and nutrition knowledge, the ability of access, selection, preparing of food and healthy eating. The overall FNLQ-SC questionnaire had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.698). The exploratory factor analysis of skill components extracted 5 factors which were included in the conceptual framework, but a little different model, and cumulative contribution of variance accounted to 50.60％. The commonality was more than 0.20 for all components. The Pearson correlation coefficients between dimensions and total questionnaire were from 0.370 to 0.877. For all 4395 students, the average FNLQ-SC score of all participants was 61.91 ± 9.22, the score of knowledge and understanding was higher than that of skill dimensions. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated not only the social demographic characteristics (girls, only child, non-resident in school, urban registered permanent residence, in a more affluent family, and cared by their parents/grandparents with a higher education level), but also the home food environment were the predictors of food and nutrition literacy in school-age children (R 2 =0.226, F =81.401, P <0.05).
Conclusion : The developed Food and Nutrition Literacy Questionnaire (FNLQ-SC) had good reliability, and it could potentially be a useful instrument for assessing food and nutrition literacy for Chinese school-age children.