bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hunting Gravitational Waves with Multi-Messenger Counterparts: Australia’s Role
Authors: Howell E. J. , Rowlinson A. , Coward D. M. , Lasky P. D. , Kaplan D. L. , Thrane E. , Rowell G. , Galloway D. K. , Yuan Fang , Dodson R. , Murphy T. , Hill G. C. , Andreoni I. , Spitler L. , Horton A.
Published: December 2015

The first observations by a worldwide network of advanced interferometric gravitational wave detectors offer a unique opportunity for the astronomical community. At design sensitivity, these facilities will be able to detect coalescing binary neutron stars to distances approaching 400 Mpc, and neutron star–black hole systems to 1 Gpc. Both of these sources are associated with gamma-ray bursts which are known to emit across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Gravitational wave detections provide the opportunity for ‘multi-messenger’ observations, combining gravitational wave with electromagnetic, cosmic ray, or neutrino observations. This review provides an overview of how Australian astronomical facilities and collaborations with the gravitational wave community can contribute to this new era of discovery, via contemporaneous follow-up observations from the radio to the optical and high energy. We discuss some of the frontier discoveries that will be made possible when this new window to the Universe is opened.
Simultaneous cochlear implantation and labyrinthectomy for advanced Ménière's disease
Authors: Heywood R L , Atlas M D
Published: December 2015

Background:

Patients with Ménière's disease can develop unaidable sensorineural hearing loss. Cochlear implantation has recently been utilised in this group with favourable results. A more challenging group are those with intractable vertigo, and they have traditionally posed a significant management dilemma.

Case report:

Two female patients with unaidable hearing and recurrent incapacitating vertigo attacks despite conservative management underwent simultaneous labyrinthectomy and cochlear implantation. There was complete resolution of vertigo in both patients. Speech perception in quiet conditions and the ability to hear in background noise improved considerably.

Conclusion:

Surgical labyrinthectomy is effective for the elimination of vertigo in Ménière's disease patients. The major disadvantage in the past was loss of residual hearing. Cochlear implantation is now an option in these patients. The benefits of simultaneous labyrinthectomy with cochlear implantation include the prevention of implantation of a fibrosed or ossified cochlea, a decrease in the duration of deafness, and a single operative procedure.
Anglo-American development, the Euromarkets, and the deeper origins of neoliberal deregulation
Authors: Green Jeremy
Published: December 2015

This article challenges existing accounts of the development of the Euromarkets by arguing that their emergence constituted the foundational moment in the advent of a postwar Anglo-American developmental field. The account contends the notion of a postwar order shaped predominantly by the outward expansion of American financial power, by deprivileging the exclusivity of American power and arguing that co-constitutive Anglo-American developmental processes were the generative force that produced the Euromarkets. Drawing upon new archival material, the article suggests that an Anglo-American developmental sphere, in which Britain continued to play a crucial but subordinate role, was key to the unfolding of postwar financial globalisation. The Anglo-American developmental processes occasioned by the Euromarkets gave rise to a ‘transatlantic regulatory feedback loop’ that stimulated deregulation on both sides of the Atlantic and placed Anglo-American capitalist interdependence at the centre of the politics of globalisation. The deeper origins of financial deregulation lie in the transformation of Anglo-American finance during the 1960s.
Teaching types with a cognitively effective worked example format
Authors: TIRRONEN VILLE , ISOMÖTTÖNEN VILLE
Published: December 2015

Teaching functional programming as a second programming paradigm is often difficult as students can have strong preconceptions about programming. When most of these preconceived ideas fail to be confirmed, functional programming may be seen as an unnecessarily difficult topic. A typical topic that causes such difficulties is the language of types employed by many modern functional languages. In this paper, we focus on addressing this difficulty through the use of step-by-step calculations of type expressions. The outcome of the study is an elaboration of a worked example format and a methodical approach for teaching types to beginner functional programmers.
Do gestures follow speech in bilinguals’ description of motion?
Authors: ÖZÇALIŞKAN ŞEYDA
Published: December 2015

When do the gestures do and do not follow the patterns of the language one speaks? We examined this question by studying 10 Turkish-English bilingual adults (Turkish as L1) in comparison to 10 monolingual English and 10 monolingual Turkish adults as they described motion events either in speech with gesture (co-speech gesture) or only in gesture without speech (silent gesture). All speakers – monolingual and bilingual – showed cross-linguistic differences in co-speech gesture but not in silent gesture. Moreover, bilinguals followed L1 co-speech gesture patterns even when speaking L2, suggesting that acquisition of native-like gesture patterns does not co-occur with the acquisition of native-like speech patterns in bilinguals.
The transcriptional coregulator PGC-1β controls mitochondrial function and anti-oxidant defence in skeletal muscles
Authors: Gali Ramamoorthy Thanuja , Laverny Gilles , Schlagowski Anna-Isabel , Zoll Joffrey , Messaddeq Nadia , Bornert Jean-Marc , Panza Salvatore , Ferry Arnaud , Geny Bernard , Metzger Daniel
Published: December 2015

The transcriptional coregulators PGC-1α and PGC-1β modulate the expression of numerous partially overlapping genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and energetic metabolism. The physiological role of PGC-1β is poorly understood in skeletal muscle, a tissue of high mitochondrial content to produce ATP levels required for sustained contractions. Here we determine the physiological role of PGC-1β in skeletal muscle using mice, in which PGC-1β is selectively ablated in skeletal myofibres at adulthood (PGC-1β(i)skm−/−mice). We show that myofibre myosin heavy chain composition and mitochondrial number, muscle strength and glucose homeostasis are unaffected in PGC-1β(i)skm−/−mice. However, decreased expression of genes controlling mitochondrial protein import, translational machinery and energy metabolism in PGC-1β(i)skm−/−muscles leads to mitochondrial structural and functional abnormalities, impaired muscle oxidative capacity and reduced exercise performance. Moreover, enhanced free-radical leak and reduced expression of the mitochondrial anti-oxidant enzyme Sod2 increase muscle oxidative stress. PGC-1β is therefore instrumental for skeletal muscles to cope with high energetic demands.
Giant barocaloric effect in hexagonal Ni2In-type Mn-Co-Ge-In compounds around room temperature
Authors: Wu Rong-Rong , Bao Li-Fu , Hu Feng-Xia , Wu Hui , Huang Qing-Zhen , Wang Jing , Dong Xiao-Li , Li Guan-Nan , Sun Ji-Rong , Shen Fei-Ran , Zhao Tong-Yun , Zheng Xin-Qi , Wang Li-Chen , Liu Yao , Zuo Wen-Liang , Zhao Ying-Ying , Zhang Ming , Wang Xian-Cheng , Jin Chang-Qing , Rao Guang-Hui , Han Xiu-Feng , Shen Bao-Gen
Published: December 2015

The most widespread cooling techniques based on gas compression/expansion encounter environmental problems. Thus, tremendous effort has been dedicated to develop alternative cooling technique and search for solid state materials that show large caloric effects. An application of pressure to a material can cause a change in temperature, which is called the barocaloric effect. Here we report the giant barocaloric effect in a hexagonal Ni2In-type MnCoGe0.99In0.01 compound involving magnetostructural transformation, Tmstr, which is accompanied with a big difference in the internal energy due to a great negative lattice expansion(ΔV/V ~ 3.9%). High resolution neutron diffraction experiments reveal that the hydrostatic pressure can push the Tmstr to a lower temperature at a rate of 7.7 K/kbar, resulting in a giant barocaloric effect. The entropy change under a moderate pressure of 3 kbar reaches 52 Jkg−1K−1, which exceeds that of most materials, including the reported giant magnetocaloric effect driven by 5 T magnetic field that is available only by superconducting magnets.
Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is associated with heavy metal exposure in welding workers
Authors: Chuang Kai-Jen , Pan Chih-Hong , Su Chien-Ling , Lai Ching-Huang , Lin Wen-Yi , Ma Chih-Ming , Ho Shu-Chuan , Bien Mauo-Ying , Chen Cheng-Hsien , Chuang Hsiao-Chi
Published: December 2015

Metals cause nephrotoxicity with acute and/or chronic exposure; however, few epidemiological studies have examined impacts of exposure to metal fumes on renal injury in welding workers. In total, 66 welding workers and 12 office workers were recruited from a shipyard located in southern Taiwan. Urine samples from each subject were collected at the beginning (baseline) and end of the work week (1-week exposure). Personal exposure to PM2.5 was measured. The 8-h mean PM2.5 was 50.3 μg/m3 for welding workers and 27.4 μg/m3 for office workers. iTRAQs coupled with LC-MS/MS were used to discover the pathways in response to welding PM2.5 in the urine, suggesting that extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interactions are a critical mechanism. ECM-receptor interaction-related biomarkers for renal injury, kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), were significantly elevated in welding workers post-exposure, as well as were urinary Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni levels. NGAL was more significantly associated with Al (r = 0.737, p < 0.001), Cr (r = 0.705, p < 0.001), Fe (r = 0.709, p < 0.001) and Ni (r = 0.657, p < 0.001) than was KIM-1, suggesting that NGAL may be a urinary biomarker for welding PM2.5 exposure. Nephrotoxicity (e.g., renal tubular injury) may be an emerging concern in occupational health.
Comprehensive Application of Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) for Ionic Imaging and Bio-energetic Analysis of Club Drug-induced Cognitive Deficiency
Authors: Youn Su-Chung , Chen Li-You , Chiou Ruei-Jen , Lai Te-Jen , Liao Wen-Chieh , Mai Fu-Der , Chang Hung-Ming
Published: December 2015

Excessive exposure to club drug (GHB) would cause cognitive dysfunction in which impaired hippocampal Ca2+-mediated neuroplasticity may correlate with this deficiency. However, the potential changes of in vivo Ca2+ together with molecular machinery engaged in GHB-induced cognitive dysfunction has never been reported. This study aims to determine these changes in bio-energetic level through ionic imaging, spectrometric, biochemical, morphological, as well as behavioral approaches. Adolescent rats subjected to GHB were processed for TOF-SIMS, immunohistochemistry, biochemical assay, together with Morris water maze to detect the ionic, molecular, neurochemical and behavioral changes of GHB-induced cognitive dysfunction, respectively. Extent of oxidative stress and bio-energetics were assessed by levels of lipid peroxidation, Na+/K+ ATPase, cytochrome oxidase and [14C]-2-deoxyglucose activity. Results indicated that in GHB intoxicated rats, decreased Ca2+ imaging and reduced NMDAR1, nNOS and p-CREB reactivities were detected in hippocampus. Depressed Ca2+-mediated signaling corresponded well with intense oxidative stress, diminished Na+/K+ ATPase, reduced COX and decreased 2-DG activity, which all contributes to the development of cognitive deficiency. As impaired Ca2+-mediated signaling and oxidative stress significantly contribute to GHB-induced cognitive dysfunction, delivering agent(s) that improves hippocampal bio-energetics may thus serve as a promising strategy to counteract the club drug-induced cognitive dysfunction emerging in our society nowadays.
Elevation of serum interleukins 8, 4 and 1β levels in patients with gastrointestinal low-grade B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Miyata-Takata Tomoko , Takata Katsuyoshi , Toji Tomohiro , Goto Naoe , Kasahara Senji , Takahashi Takeshi , Tari Akira , Noujima-Harada Mai , Miyata Takafumi , Sato Yasuharu , Yoshino Tadashi
Published: December 2015

Proinflammatory cytokines that are produced by helper T cells (Th) regulate immune reactions, facilitate class switching of B cells and prolong the lifespan of B and T cells. Eradication therapy using antibiotics is sometimes effective against gastrointestinal (GI) malignant lymphoma, suggesting that the tumor development or progression is affected by the inflammatory microenvironment. In the present study, serum samples from 148 patients with various subtypes of malignant lymphoma were tested for 11 proinflammatory Th1/Th2 cytokines. In the comparison by subtype or GI lesions, serum interleukin (IL)-8 (P = 6.7E−05), IL-4 (P = 7.5E−05) and IL-1β (P = 0.0043) levels showed significant differences among subtypes, being particularly elevated in follicular lymphomas (FL) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. Serum IL-8 levels were elevated in GI-FL and MALT lymphomas and serum IL-4 and IL-1 β levels were elevated in MALT lymphomas. These findings show that GI low-grade B-cell lymphoma could develop against the background of an inflammatory microenvironment. Thus, these cytokines may be useful as diagnostic markers and could provide new insights into tumor development.
Anti-breast tumor activity of Eclipta extract in-vitro and in-vivo: novel evidence of endoplasmic reticulum specific localization of Hsp60 during apoptosis
Authors: Arya Rakesh K. , Singh Akhilesh , Yadav Navneet K. , Cheruvu Srikanth H. , Hossain Zakir , Meena Sanjeev , Maheshwari Shrankhla , Singh Anup K. , Shahab Uzma , Sharma Chetan , Singh Kavita , Narender Tadigoppula , Mitra Kalyan , Arya Kamal R. , Singh Rama K. , Gayen Jiaur R. , Datta Dipak
Published: December 2015

Major challenges for current therapeutic strategies against breast cancer are associated with drug-induced toxicities. Considering the immense potential of bioactive phytochemicals to deliver non-toxic, efficient anti-cancer therapeutics, we performed bio-guided fractionation of Eclipta alba extract and discovered that particularly the chloroform fraction of Eclipta alba (CFEA) is selectively inducing cytotoxicity to breast cancer cells over non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. Our unbiased mechanistic hunt revealed that CFEA specifically activates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulating Hsp60 and downregulating the expression of anti-apoptotic protein XIAP. By utilizing Hsp60 specific siRNA, we identified a novel pro-apoptotic role of Hsp60 and uncovered that following CFEA treatment, upregulated Hsp60 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of ER specific localization of Hsp60 during cancer cell apoptosis. Further, our LC-MS approach identified that luteolin is mainly attributed for its anti-cancer activities. Moreover, oral administration of CFEA not only offers potential anti-breast cancer effects in-vivo but also mitigates tumor induced hepato-renal toxicity. Together, our studies offer novel mechanistic insight into the CFEA mediated inhibition of breast cancer and may potentially open up new avenues for further translational research.
Microdroplet photobioreactor for the photoautotrophic culture of microalgal cells
Authors: Sung Young Joon , Kim Jaoon Young Hwan , Bong Ki Wan , Sim Sang Jun
Published: December 2015

A droplet-based microfluidic system was applied for the rapid evaluation of the photoautotrophic growth of microalgae for the first time.
One-step determination of lead over a higher linear range by an artificial neural network after air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Fakhriyan Gholamreza , Mousavi Hassan Zavvar , Sajjadi S. Maryam
Published: December 2015

A simple and rapid method was proposed for the preconcentration of trace levels of lead prior to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, based on air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction.
The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines containing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters via the formation of aza-ortho-xylylene with 1,2-dihydroquinoline as a precursor
Authors: Li Guangxun , Liu Hongxin , Wang Yingwei , Zhang Shiqi , Lai Shujun , Tang Ling , Zhao Jinzhong , Tang Zhuo
Published: December 2015

Tetrahydroquinolines (THQs) with an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter were effectively obtained via the in situ formation of aza-ortho-xylylene (AOX) with easily accessible 1,2-dihydroquinolines as precursors.
Calix[8]arene nanoreactor for Cu(i)-catalysed C–S coupling
Authors: Guzmán-Percástegui Edmundo , Hernández David J. , Castillo Ivan
Published: December 2015

The first calix[8]arene-nanoreactor Cu(i)-catalyst is presented. Calix[8]arene improves the catalytic performance in C–S coupling, and imparts substrate selectivity and solvent-dependent reactivity.
Activation of tumor suppressor p53 gene expression by magnetic thymine-imprinted chitosan nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Mei-Hwa , Thomas James L. , Chen Jian-Zhou , Jan Jeng-Shiung , Lin Hung-Yin
Published: December 2015

Chitosan nanoparticles imprinted with thymine (and containing magnetic nanoparticles for ease in separations) were found to have dramatic effects on the expression of p53 in HepG2 cells.
Isoskeletal Schiff base polynuclear coordination clusters: synthetic and theoretical aspects
Authors: Griffiths Kieran , Dokorou Vassiliki N. , Spencer John , Abdul-Sada Alaa , Vargas Alfredo , Kostakis George E.
Published: December 2015

This work addresses and enlightens synthetic aspects derived from our effort to systematically construct isoskeletal tetranuclear coordination clusters (CCs) of the general formula [TR2Ln2(LX)4(NO3)2(solv)2] possessing a specific defected dicubane topology.
Mechanisms and energetics for N-glycosidic bond cleavage of protonated 2′-deoxyguanosine and guanosine
Authors: Wu R. R. , Chen Yu , Rodgers M. T.
Published: December 2015

TCID thresholds of [dGuo/Guo+H]+indicate that 2′-hydroxyl strengthens glycosidic bond stability but slightly weakens the competition between the two primary dissociation pathways of [Guo+H]+vs.[dGuo+H]+.
The fabrication of In2O3/In2S3/Ag nanocubes for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Xu Rui , Li Haohua , Zhang Wenwen , Yang Zepeng , Liu Guiwu , Xu Ziwei , Shao Haicheng , Qiao Guanjun
Published: December 2015

Three-component In2O3/In2S3/Ag heterostructured nanocubes synthesized by electrodeposition show a significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting performance.
Unexpectedly large impact of van der Waals interactions on the description of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions: the water gas shift reaction on Cu(321) as a case example
Authors: Prats Hèctor , Gamallo Pablo , Sayós Ramón , Illas Francesc
Published: December 2015

The molecular mechanisms of the water gas shift reaction on Cu(321) have been chosen to investigate the effect of dispersion terms on the description of the energy profile and reaction rates.
Three-photon circular dichroism: towards a generalization of chiroptical non-linear light absorption
Authors: Friese Daniel H. , Ruud Kenneth
Published: December 2015

We present the theory of three-photon circular dichroism (3PCD), a novel non-linear chiroptical property not yet described in the literature.
SiO2-stabilized Ni/t-ZrO2 catalysts with ordered mesopores: one-pot synthesis and their superior catalytic performance in CO methanation
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Liu Qing , Jiang Jiaxing , Jin Guojing , Li Huifang , Gu Fangna , Xu Guangwen , Zhong Ziyi , Su Fabing
Published: December 2015

Ternary SiO2-stabilized Ni/t-ZrO2 catalysts with an ordered mesoporous structure were synthesized, which show excellent low temperature activity and thermal stability.
Tunable composite architecture and homogeneous dispersion of charged SiO2 in polymer matrix assisted by poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) (P2EHA) latex prepared by self-assembly through electrostatic interactions
Authors: Su Zheng , Wang Hua , Xu Fei , Tian Konghu , Wu Jingwei , Tian Xingyou
Published: December 2015

A balance of cohesive resistance and viscoelastic properties was achieved for the P2EHA–SiO2 composites via the loading of charged SiO2.
Homogeneous precipitation synthesis and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/CNTs/C composites as advanced cathode materials for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Peipei , Yang Zhenyu , Zeng Peng , Zhong Jing , Yu Ji , Cai Jianxin
Published: December 2015

LiFePO4/CNTs/C composite cathode materials were synthesized by a simple homogeneous precipitation and subsequent annealing process. The resulting composite material exhibits smaller particle size, lower electron-transfer resistance, and faster lithium ion migration.
Fabrication and performance evaluation of a novel membrane electrode assembly for DMFCs
Authors: Noroozifar Meissam , Yavari Zahra , Khorasani-Motlagh Mozhgan , Ghasemi Tahere , Rohani-Yazdi Seyed-Hamzeh , Mohammadi Majid
Published: December 2015

In this study, a new GDL was prepared using graphene–PVC–PANI and teflonated carbon cloth. PdNPs and nanosized LaNi0.5Fe0.5O3NPs-CH was synthesized. A DMFC were designed, assembled and tested with the suggested nanoparticles and GDL.
Interface modification strategy based on a hybrid cathode buffer layer for promoting the performance of polymer solar cells
Authors: Ye Feng , Chen Zhaobin , Zhao Xiaoli , Li Zidong , Yang Xiaoniu
Published: December 2015

An interface modification strategy based on a hybrid cathode buffer layer is proposed and demonstrated for promoting charge generation and extraction.
Microemulsion-mediated synthesis of sedum rubrotinctum shaped Cu2O architecture with efficient sunlight driven photocatalytic activity
Authors: Yang Lu-feng , Chu De-qing , Wang Li-min , Ge Ge , Sun Hui-lou
Published: December 2015

Schematic of photo-activation of sedum rubrotinctum shaped Cu2O photocatalyst and degradation of MB.
Selection, identification, and characterization of aptamers for pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (31–98), a tumor marker for small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cui Hui-Fang , Li Ya-Jun , Wang Jia , Li Xiao-Jia , Wang Qiong-Lin , Bai Yan-Feng
Published: December 2015

Pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (31–98) (ProGRP31–98) is a highly reliable, sensitive, and specific tumor marker for small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
In silico screening of 4764 computation-ready, experimental metal–organic frameworks for CO2 separation
Authors: Qiao Zhiwei , Zhang Kang , Jiang Jianwen
Published: December 2015

We screened 4764 metal–organic frameworks and identified the best candidates for CO2 separation.
KuQuinones: a new class of quinoid compounds as photoactive species on ITO
Authors: Sabuzi F. , Armuzza V. , Conte V. , Floris B. , Venanzi M. , Galloni P. , Gatto E.
Published: December 2015

KuQuinones deposited on ITO surface by Langmuir–Blodgett technique acted as photosensitizers, giving interesting results due to their pentacyclic, highly conjugated structure, and a very low reduction potential.
Concentration, chemical bonding, and etching behavior of P and N at the SiO2/SiC(0001) interface
Authors: Xu Y. , Xu C. , Liu G. , Lee H. D. , Shubeita S. M. , Jiao C. , Modic A. , Ahyi A. C. , Sharma Y. , Wan A. , Williams J. R. , Gustafsson T. , Dhar S. , Garfunkel E. L. , Feldman L. C.
Published: December 2015

Phosphorous and nitrogen are electrically active species at the SiO2/SiC interface in SiC MOSFETs. We compare the concentration, chemical bonding, and etching behavior of P and N at the SiO2/SiC(0001) interface using photoemission, ion scattering, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Both interfacial P and N are found to be resistant to buffered HF solution etching at the SiO2/SiC(0001) interface while both are completely removed from the SiO2/Si interface. The medium energy ion scattering results of etched phosphosilicate glass/SiC not only provide an accurate coverage but also indicate that both the passivating nitrogen and phosphorus are confined to within 0.5 nm of the interface. Angle resolved photoemission shows that P and N are likely situated in different chemical environments at the interface. We conclude that N is primarily bound to Si atoms at the interface while P is primarily bound to O and possibly to Si or C. Different interface passivating element coverages and bonding configurations on different SiC crystal faces are also discussed. The study provides insights into the mechanisms by which P and N passivate the SiO2/SiC(0001) interface and hence improve the performance of SiC MOSFETs.
Spin-flip, tensor equation-of-motion configuration interaction with a density-functional correction: A spin-complete method for exploring excited-state potential energy surfaces
Authors: Zhang Xing , Herbert John M.
Published: December 2015

We revisit the formalism of the spin-adapted, spin-flip (SA-SF) configuration-interaction singles (CIS) method based on a tensor equation-of-motion formalism that affords proper spin eigenstates without sacrificing single-reference simplicity. Matrix elements for SA-SF-CIS are then modified in a manner similar to collinear spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory (SF-TDDFT), to include a DFT exchange-correlation correction. The performance of this method, which we call SA-SF-DFT, is evaluated numerically and we find that it systematically improves the energies of electronic states that exhibit significant spin contamination within the conventional SF-TDDFT approach. The new method cures the state assignment problem that plagues geometry optimizations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations using traditional SF-TDDFT, without sacrificing computational efficiency, and furthermore provides correct topology at conical intersections, including those that involve the ground state, unlike conventional TDDFT. As such, SA-SF-DFT appears to be a promising method for generating excited-state potential energy surfaces at DFT cost.
Contact resistance to SrRuO3 and La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 epitaxial films
Authors: Abuwasib Mohammad , Lee Hyungwoo , Gruverman Alexei , Eom Chang-Beom , Singisetti Uttam
Published: December 2015

Contact resistance to the metallic oxide electrodes, SrRuO3 (SRO) and La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO), is an important parameter that affects the ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) device performance. We have systematically studied the contact resistance between metallic oxide electrodes (SRO, LSMO) and contact metal overlayers (Ti, Pt) after exposure to various processing environments. Specific contact resistivity (ρc) for Ti and Pt contact metals and the sheet resistance (Rsh) of the metallic oxides are measured after exposure to different reactive ion plasma process steps. Sheet resistance degradation was observed for both SRO and LSMO films after exposure to plasma treatment. Severe contact resistance degradation was observed for Ti contacts as compared to Pt after reactive ion etching on LSMO films. The effect of oxygen (O2) plasma on LSMO was observed to be most severe with non-ohmic behavior with Ti contacts, which can affect the functionality of FTJ devices. Finally, the thermal stability of contacts was investigated, Pt contacts to SRO show low resistance ohmic behavior even after annealing at 900 °C, making it a suitable contact for FTJ devices.
Kinetics of nucleotide-dependent structural transitions in the kinesin-1 hydrolysis cycle
Authors: Mickolajczyk Keith J. , Deffenbaugh Nathan C. , Ortega Arroyo Jaime , Andrecka Joanna , Kukura Philipp , Hancock William O.
Published: December 2015

Significance

We use high spatiotemporal resolution single-molecule microscopy to directly visualize the structural transitions underlying each step of the molecular motor kinesin-1 at physiological stepping rates. Our results identify a one-head–bound intermediate in the stepping cycle that is initiated by ATP binding and is terminated by ATP hydrolysis. These results supersede previous functional studies because they identify the transitions that must occur to produce a step as opposed to transitions that may occur if the motor is studied under controlled conditions. We thus show that kinesin utilizes a two-step powerstroke mechanism to walk at maximum velocity. The single-molecule methods developed here are broadly applicable for resolving protein conformational changes as small as 2 nm with millisecond temporal resolution.
Dental Opioid Prescribing Practices and Risk Mitigation Strategy Implementation: Identification of Potential Targets for Provider-Level Intervention
Authors: McCauley Jenna L. , Leite Renata S. , Melvin Cathy L. , Fillingim Roger B. , Brady Kathleen T.
Published: December 2015

Background

Given the regular use of immediate-release opioids for dental pain management, as well as documented opioid misuse among dental patients, the dental visit may provide a viable point of intervention to screen, identify, and educate patients regarding the risks associated with prescription opioid misuse and diversion. The aims of this statewide survey of dental practitioners were to assess (a) awareness of the scope of prescription opioid misuse and diversion; (b) current opioid prescribing practices; (c) use of and opinions regarding risk mitigation strategies; and (d) use and perceived utility of drug monitoring programs.

Methods

This cross-sectional study surveyed dentists ( N = 87) participating in statewide professional and alumni organizations. Dentists were invited via e-mail and listserv announcement to participate in a one-time, online, 59-item, self-administered survey.

Results

A majority of respondents reported prescribing opioids ( n = 66; 75.8%). A minority of respondents ( n = 38; 44%) reported regularly screening for current prescription drug abuse. Dentists reported low rates of requesting prior medical records ( n = 5; 5.8%). Only 38% ( n = 33) of respondents had ever accessed a prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP), and only 4 (4.7%) consistently used a PDMP. Dentists reporting prior training in drug diversion were significantly more likely to have accessed their PDMP, P < .01. Interest in continuing education regarding assessment of prescription drug abuse/diversion and use of drug monitoring programs was high.

Conclusions

Although most dentists received training related to prescribing opioids, findings identified a gap in existing dental training in the assessment/identification of prescription opioid misuse and diversion. Findings also identified gaps in the implementation of recommended risk mitigation strategies, including screening for prescription drug abuse, consistent provision of patient education, and use of a PDMP prior to prescribing opioids.
Treatment: head and neck
Authors: Johnson Chris , Dallimore Jon , Cobb Alistair R. M. , Cooper Paul , Morris Daniel S. , Nickol Annabel H. , Geddes David , Hearns Stephen
Published: December 2015

Anatomy - Facial injuries - Minor injuries to head and neck - Fractured facial bones - Head injury - Blackouts, syncope, and epilepsy - Migraine - Sleep disturbances - The eye - Ear problems - Nasal problems - Upper respiratory tract
Operative Strategies and Outcomes in Type a Aortic Dissection after the Enactment of a Multidisciplinary Aortic Surgery Team
Authors: Beller Jared P. , Scheinerman Joshua A. , Balsam Leora B. , Ursomanno Patricia , DeAnda Abe
Published: December 2015

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare operative strategies and patient outcomes in acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) repairs before and after the implementation of a multi-disciplinary aortic surgery team.

Methods

Between May 2005 and July 2014, 101 patients underwent ATAAD repair at our institution. A dedicated multidisciplinary aortic surgery team (experienced aortic surgeon, perfusionists, cardiac anesthesiologists, nurses, and radiologists) was formed in 2010. We retrospectively compared ATAAD repair outcomes in patients before (2005–2009, N = 39) and after (2010–2014, N = 62) implementation of our program. Expected operative mortality was calculated using the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection preoperative predictive model.

Results

This study demonstrated a significant reduction in operative mortality after implementation of the aortic surgery program (30.8% vs. 9.7%; P = 0.014). There was also an increase in the complexity of surgical technique and perfusion strategies with fewer postoperative complications related to respiratory (P < 0.0001) and renal failure (P = 0.034). Baseline demographics were similar, and there was no statistically significant difference in International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection predictive variables between the 2 groups. However, there was a 3.5-fold reduction in the observed-to-expected (O/E) operative mortality ratio. There was a 50% increase in volume with a significant number of patients being admitted directly to our aortic center for ATAAD repair, thus avoiding delay in operation related to transfers from a secondary hospital.

Conclusions

Patient outcomes are improved when the surgical treatment of ATAAD is managed by a high-volume multidisciplinary aortic surgery team.
Improving the Advance Directive Request and Retrieval Process in Critical Access Hospitals
Authors: Jones Faith M. , Sabin Tawnie L. , Torma Linda M.
Published: December 2015

The Patient Self-Determination Act was created to enhance awareness and use of advance directives. Several states also have created registries where the advance directives can be easily retrieved when needed. Quick retrieval is especially important in critical access hospitals where patients are often transferred to other facilities. This article describes an innovative project designed to improve the advance directives request and retrieval process on admission to a critical access hospital.
The Brain Imaging Data Structure: a standard for organizing and describing outputs of neuroimaging experiments
Authors: Gorgolewski Krzysztof J. , Auer Tibor , Calhoun Vince D. , Cameron Craddock R. , Das Samir , Duff Eugene P. , Flandin Guillaume , Ghosh Satrajit S. , Glatard Tristan , Halchenko Yaroslav O. , Handwerker Daniel A. , Hanke Michael , Keator David , Li Xiangrui , Michael Zachary , Maumet Camille , Nichols B. Nolan , Nichols Thomas E. , Poline Jean-Baptiste , Rokem Ariel , Schaefer Gunnar , Sochat Vanessa , Triplett William , Turner Jessica A. , Varoquaux Gaël , Poldrack Russell A.
Published: December 2015

The development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques has defined modern neuroimaging. Since its inception, tens of thousands of studies using techniques such as functional MRI and diffusion weighted imaging have allowed for the non-invasive study of the brain. Despite the fact that MRI is routinely used to obtain data for neuroscience research, there has been no widely adopted standard for organizing and describing the data collected in an imaging experiment. This renders sharing and reusing data (within or between labs) difficult if not impossible and unnecessarily complicates the application of automatic pipelines and quality assurance protocols. To solve this problem, we have developed the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS), a standard for organizing and describing MRI datasets. The BIDS standard uses file formats compatible with existing software, unifies the majority of practices already common in the field, and captures the metadata necessary for most common data processing operations.
Approximation of the time-dependent induction equation with advection using Whitney elements
Authors: Nore Caroline , Zaidi Houda , Bouillault Frederic , Bossavit Alain , Guermond Jean-Luc
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present a new formulation for taking into account the convective term due to an imposed velocity field in the induction equation in a code based on Whitney elements called DOLMEN. Different Whitney forms are used to approximate the dependent variables. The authors study the kinematic dynamo action in a von Kármán configuration and obtain results in good agreement with those provided by another well validated code called SFEMaNS. DOLMEN is developed to investigate the dynamo action in non-axisymmetric domains like the impeller driven flow of the von Kármán Sodium (VKS) experiment. The authors show that a 3D magnetic field dominated by an axisymmetric vertical dipole can grow in a kinematic dynamo configuration using an analytical velocity field.

Design/methodology/approach

– Different Whitney forms are used to approximate the dependent variables. The vector potential is discretized using first-order edge elements of the first family. The velocity is approximated by using the first-order Raviart-Thomas elements. The time stepping is done by using the Crank-Nicolson scheme.

Findings

– The authors study the kinematic dynamo action in a von Kármán configuration and obtain results in good agreement with those provided by another well validated code called SFEMaNS. The authors show that a 3D magnetic field dominated by an axisymmetric vertical dipole can grow in a kinematic dynamo configuration using an analytical velocity field.

Originality/value

– The findings offer a basis to a scenario for the VKS dynamo.
Inter-turn short-circuit fault detection in saturable squirrel-cage induction motor using magnetic equivalent circuit model
Authors: Naderi Peyman
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to obtain an integrated method for inter-turn short circuit fault detection for the cage-rotor induction machine (CRIM) considering saturation effect.

Design/methodology/approach

– The magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) is proposed for machine modeling and nonlinear B-H curve is considered for saturation effect. The machine has some differential equations which are converted to algebraic type by trapezoidal method. On the other hand, some nonlinear equations are present due to saturation effect. A set of nonlinear algebraic equation should be solved by numerical method. Therefore, the Newton-Raphson technique is used for equation solving during of the considered time step.

Findings

– Generally, the operating point of electrical machines is close to the saturation zone due to designing considerations. Moreover, some current and torque harmonics will be produced due to time and space harmonics combination, which cannot be studied when saturation modeling is neglected. Considering both space and time harmonics, a method is proposed for inter-turn short circuit fault detection based on the stator current signatures and the machine performance is analyzed in healthy and faulty cases. In order to obtain the integrated method, two sample machines (two and also four-pole machines) are modeled and finally the accuracy of the proposed method is verified through the experimental results.

Research limitations/implications

– The calculations have been done in this work is limited to CRIM considering. However, the presented modeling method can be used for another types of electrical machines by some minor modifications.

Originality/value

– Obtaining of an integrated formula for the inter-turn short circuit fault detection which has been presented for first time is the more advantages of present work. Moreover, in order to saturation effect considering, a new method is presented for solving of nonlinear equations which is another novelty of paper.
Electric field distribution and voltage breakdown modeling for any PN junction
Authors: Rouger N.
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– Scientists and engineers have been solving Poisson’s equation in PN junctions following two approaches: analytical solving or numerical methods. Although several efforts have been accomplished to offer accurate and fast analyses of the electric field distribution as a function of voltage bias and doping profiles, so far none achieved an analytic or semi-analytic solution to describe neither a double diffused PN junction nor a general case for any doping profile. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– In this work, a double Gaussian doping distribution is first considered. However, such a doping profile leads to an implicit problem where Poisson’s equation cannot be solved analytically. A method is introduced and successfully applied, and compared to a finite element analysis. The approach is then generalized, where any doping profile can be considered. 2D and 3D extensions are also presented, when symmetries occur for the doping profile.

Findings

– These results and the approach here presented offer an efficient and accurate alternative to numerical methods for the modeling and simulation of mathematical equations arising in physics of semiconductor devices.

Research limitations/implications

– A general 3D extension in the case where no symmetry exists can be considered for further developments.

Practical implications

– The paper strongly simplify and ease the optimization and design of any PN junction.

Originality/value

– This paper provides a novel method for electric field distribution analysis.
Static security enhancement using fuzzy particle swarm optimization
Authors: Pandiarajan K. , Babulal C.K.
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– The electric power system is a complex system, whose operating condition may not remain at a constant value. The various contingencies like outage of lines, transformers, generators and sudden increase of load demand or failure of equipments are more common. This causes overloads and system parameters to exceed the limits thus resulting in an insecure system. The purpose of this paper is to enhance the power system security by alleviating overloads on the transmission lines.

Design/methodology/approach

– Fuzzy logic system (FLS) with particle swarm optimization based optimal power flow approach is used for overload alleviation on the transmission lines. FLS is modeled to find the changes in inertia weight by which new weights are determined and their values are applied to particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for velocity and position updation.

Findings

– The proposed method is tested and examined on the standard IEEE-30 bus system under base case and increased load conditions at different contingency. This method gives better results in terms of optimum fuel cost and fast convergence under base case and could alleviate the line overloads at different contingency with optimum generation cost, when compared to adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) and PSO.

Originality/value

– FLS is modeled in MATLAB environment. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested and examined on the standard IEEE-30 bus system and their results are compared with APSO and PSO under MATPOWER environment. The results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of improving the transmission security with optimum generation cost.
Energy conversion performance investigations for a horizontal evacuated tubular collector
Authors: Zhao Chunyu , You Shijun , Gao Hao , Yu Wei
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to use numerical simulations to investigate the energy conversion performance and the flow and temperature structures inside horizontal tubes connected to a vertical manifold channel.

Design/methodology/approach

– The simulations are performed for different flow rates and inlet temperatures using CFD.

Findings

– In both the “flowing wind mode” and “upwind mode,” the inlet velocity is not infinitely small under the influence of natural convection; however, such small inlet velocities cannot be achieved in practice and are of no practical significance. In the “flowing wind mode,” the appropriate velocity for achieving high efficiency is 0.01-0.02 m/s. In the “upwind mode,” the appropriate velocity for obtaining high efficiency is 0.1-0.2 m/s. A high inlet temperature can lead to high efficiency; therefore, a large temperature difference and a small flow can be used in actual designs.

Originality/value

– The energy conversion performance and flow structures inside evacuated tubular collectors were investigated using CFD for different operating conditions, notably in the “following wind mode” and the “upwind mode.”
Numerical simulation of transient forced convection in a square enclosure containing two heated circular cylinders
Authors: Karimi Talkhoncheh Fariborz , Xu Hongtao , Wang Zhiyun , Yang Mo , Zhang Yuwen
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– Unsteady simulation of forced convection of two heated horizontal cylinders confined in a 2D squared enclosure. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

– The finite-volume method is used to solve the transient heat transfer problem by employing quadrilateral mesh type. To solve the governing equations (conservations of mass, momentum and energy) on unstructured control volumes, a second-order quadratic upwind interpolation of convective kinematics scheme for the convection terms and the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations pressure correction algorithm were used.

Findings

– The results indicate that the variation of the area-averaged Nusselt number strongly depends on the Reynolds number. On the contrary, the effect of cylinders’ space on heat transfer was found to be nearly negligible for Re
<
460. It is also observed that steady state flow and heat transfer shift to periodical oscillation, and ultimately chaotic oscillation in non-dimensional cylinders distance of 0.1; however the sequence of appearing this route is completely different for higher cylinder spaces.

Research limitations/implications

– Reynolds numbers between 380 and 550 and dimensionless horizontal distances of cylinders 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3.

Originality/value

– Comprehensive knowledge of the effect of tube arrays flow regime on each other and in turn, heat transfer among them. Better understanding of convective heat transfer around an array of horizontal cylinders compared with from those around a single cylinder because of the mutual interaction of the buoyant plumes generated by the cylinders. Time-dependent phenomena of the problem including periodical oscillation or chaotic features.
Aerodynamical phenomena in a large top covered wind mill with vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Baïri Abderrahmane , Crua Cyril , Bauzin Jean-Gabriel , Baïri Iken
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the aerodynamical and air mass flow phenomena taking place in the channel of a modified version of one of the well-known Sistan wind mills, in order to improve its aerodynamic performance.

Design/methodology/approach

– The simulations are done by means of the finite volume method associated to the realizable k-ε turbulence model. The computational domain consists in a rotating sub domain including the wind turbine equipped with nine blades and a fixed sub domain including the rest of the computational domain. Both are connected by means of a sliding mesh interface. Calculations are done for 8×105-4×106 Reynolds number range, corresponding to inlet velocities varying from 2 to 10 m s−1.

Findings

– The velocity fields are presented for the stopped and operating turbine (static and dynamic conditions). A careful examination of the aerodynamic phenomena is performed to detect potential vortices that could develop in the central cavity of the active assembly, and then influence the wind turbine’s operation.

Originality/value

– The modification proposed in this survey is easy to realize, consisting in covering the top of the entire original assembly that avoids the extraction of a large part of the air mass flow occurring through the open top of the original version. The aerodynamic phenomena occurring across the channel of this large vertical axis wind turbine are substantially different from those of the original version.