bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENZYME HISTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF HETEROTOPIC GASTRIC EPITHELIUM IN THE DUODENUM
Authors: Johansen Aage
Published: August 2010

Heterotopic gastric epithelium in the duodenum was investigated by the following enzyme histochemical reactions: NADH‐tetrazolium reductase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, succinic acid dehydrogenase, glucose‐6‐phosphate‐dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, aminopeptidase and non‐specific esterase. The enzyme activities were compared with that of normal fundic mucosa. No differences could be disclosed.
EFFECTS OF SUPPLY AND WITHDRAWAL OF FLUORIDE.
Authors: Rosenquist B.
Published: August 2010

The concentrations of fluoride, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in cortical bone ash were determined on whole and microdissected fluorotic bone of growing rabbits. The animals were given 10 mg of F‐ per kg body weight daily during 14 weeks. During this period, excessive periosteal bone formation occurred at the lateral part of the tibial middiaphysis. The newly formed bone contained more fluoride than the average experimental bone, but the data suggested a similar “fluoride pressure” on each part of the cortex. Thus the localization of the periosteal bone formation was not regarded due to differences in “fluoride pressure”. The magnesium concentration was higher in the experimental bone than in the control bone. However, any relationship between fluoride and magnesium concentrations was not observed.
FOCAL AORTIC INJURY CAUSED BY CANNULATION: INCREASED PLASMA PROTEIN ACCUMULATION AND THROMBOSIS
Authors: Jorgensen L. , Packham M. A. , Rowsell H. C. , Buchanan M. R. , Mustard J. F.
Published: August 2010

Previous studies have shown evidence of “spontaneous” injury associated with increased permeability in focal areas of non‐atherosclerotic animal aortas. In this study, a mild intimal injury was induced by brief cannulation of the thoracic aorta of rabbits and pigs to examine whether focal aortic plasma accumulation is due to the injury per se or to other effects. Evans blue, a marker of plasma albumin, was used to visualize plasma accumulation. The animals were killed 10 minutes to 5 hours after cannulation. In all animals, blue‐stained, sharply demarcated streaks were found in the thoracic aorta. By microscopy, the streaks showed loss of endothelium and, frequently, platelet thrombi with or without fibrin, leucocytes, or red blood cells. The basal platelets were in contact with exposed basement membrane, or with fibres of elastin or collagen. The inner layers of the aortic wall corresponding to the streaks showed signs of oedema. In contrast, unstained areas of the aorta had an intact endothelium, and neither thrombosis nor oedema was present. The observations show that a mild and brief injury of the aortic intima can cause both mural thrombosis and leakage of plasma into the inner layers of the aortic wall. The extent of the leakage appeared to be independent of haemodynamic effects. The injury was similar to, but more severe, than most “spontaneous” lesions.
FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE RAT LIVER: Influence of Different Types of Preparation
Authors: Faarup Poul , Jørgensen Mogens , Holm‐Nielsen Anders
Published: August 2010

The functional structure of the normal rat liver was investigated in rapidly frozen, freeze‐dried tissue. The mean vascular volume of the liver was 27 per cent contrary to conventionally fixed tissue, in which this volume was 7 per cent. In the freeze‐dried tissue the sinusoids were systematic, orientated radially out to the periphery of the lobule. The bile capillaries were readily apparent contrasting to those of the delayed‐frozen or fixed tissue. A significant intracellular oedema of the liver cells was found to appear a few minutes after the cutting off of the blood supply.
A STEREOLOGICAL STUDY OF INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS
Authors: Jørgensen M.
Published: August 2010

The intrahepatic biliary system in congenital hepatic fibrosis has been evaluated by means of stereology and reconstructions in a material from 8 patients. The ductal system was found to consist of a characteristic mixture of different ductal shapes including very flattened, plate‐like ducts. The arrangement of these ducts is in irregular networks, usually organized in separate planes and often completely or incompletely surrounding vessels. No change in the composition of the ductal mixture with age was found. The biliary system is fundamentally identical in congenital hepatic fibrosis and in infantile polycystic disease. It is not possible to determine from the present study whether or not there may be a minor systematic difference between the ductal lesion of the two diseases. The pathogenesis is discussed on the basis of the anatomical findings and the flattened ductal shape is considered to be due to a failure in the embryological development of the ducts.
ON THE PRESENCE WITHIN TUMOURS OF CLONES THAT DIFFER IN SENSITIVITY TO CYTOSTATIC DRUGS
Authors: Håkansson Leif , Tropé Claes
Published: August 2010

An in vitro test model was used to study the heterogeneity of tumours with respect to the sensitivity to cytostatic drugs. Methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcomas in mice were used. The effect of the drugs was determined as the reduction of the incorporation of H3‐thymidine into drug‐treated cells compared with control cells. To test the heterogeneity of the tumours, these were cut into four equal parts and each part was tested separately. In some of the tumours, the quarters differed significantly in their sensitivity to the same cytostatic treatment; in others, no such differences could be found. Both primary and serially transplanted tumours were studied. The present method revealed no differences in heterogeneity of the tumours in these two groups. The most likely explanation of these results is that the tumours are built up by different clones with different sensitivity to cytostatic drugs and that different parts of the tumours are different with respect to the distribution of clones.
CELL CLONES WITH DIFFERENT SENSITIVITY TO CYTOSTATIC DRUGS IN METHYLCHOLANTHRENE‐INDUCED MOUSE SARCOMAS
Authors: Håkansson Leif , Tropé Claes
Published: August 2010

One primary and one serially transplanted methylcholanthrene‐induced mouse sarcoma was studied for the existence of cell clones that differ in their sensitivity to cytostatic drugs. Two transplantation methods were compared. One method was to graft a small sarcoma piece subcutaneously, a second method was to inject a small volume of a cell suspension prepared from the sarcoma. After a growth period, the transplanted tumours were tested for cytostatic sensitivity in vitro. Reduction in H3‐TdR incorporation measured the effect of the cytostatic drug added. The tumours obtained in the recipient mice differed in sensitivity in vitro. Tumours obtained by grafting material from the serially transplanted sarcoma did not differ in sensitivity more than those obtained by injection transplantation. Tumours obtained by grafting pieces of the primary sarcoma showed a significantly more marked degree of diversity than the tumours obtained by injection transplantation of that sarcoma.
EFFECTS OF HOMOZYGOSITY OF THE NUDE (NU) GENE IN THREE INBRED STRAINS OF MICE
Authors: Rygaard Jørgen , Povlsen Carl O.
Published: August 2010

The study concerns comparisons between nude mice of three genetic backgrounds (BALB/c, C3H & C57/BL) after the third cycle of a gene transfer, and normal members of the respective three inbred strains. The following parameters were considered: body and organ weight, haematological values, differential counts of bone marrow and peripheral blood cells, serum proteins (total and fractionated), and detailed histological appearances of tissues and organs. No thymus tissue was found in any nude mouse. Lymphoid tissue in the spleen, Peyer's patches and lymph nodes was of characteristic histological appearance with lymphocytic depletion. Additionally, marked difference in phagocytic activity in Peyer's patches was observed. Such activity was meagre or absent in nude mice. The possible relationship of this finding with low IgA levels is discussed. Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts in nudes, irrespective of genetic background, were uniform and consistently very low. It is proposed that these lymphocytes represent a stable B‐cell population. Lymphocyte counts in the bone marrow were somewhat low in all nudes. No quantitative differences in serum protein values could be demonstrated by the methods used. Histological study demonstrated inflammatory changes in one or more organs in 11 of the 24 nude mice, despite the fact that all animals were apparently healthy. No changes were found in the normal mice. The mice were reared under spf (specified pathogen free) conditions. The insufficiency of current spf‐definitions in relation to nude mice is stressed. The infections were always ascending, and frequently involved the genital tract. The significance of possibly impaired IgA secretion is discussed. The genital infections are considered in relation to the infertility of nude females.
ADENOACANTHOMA OF THE SMALL BOWEL
Authors: Bjerregaard Elisabeth
Published: August 2010

A case of adenoacanthoma of the small bowel is reported. In light of a macroscopic and histological examination, the possibility of a primary tumour is discussed. The conclusion is that the tumour originated in the small intestine.
VALUE OF FREE METAPHASE CELL PREPARATIONS IN CYTOPHOTOMETRIC STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL SKIN CARCINOGENESIS
Authors: Alavaikko Martti
Published: August 2010

The following topics are presented: 1) an enzymatic method for selective separation of hyperplastic epidermis from hair‐bearing mice and its dissociation into free cell preparations rich in metaphase cells, 2) a quantitative cytochemical test (cytofluorometric determination of Feulgen‐DNA) on the retainment of Feulgen reactivity by the dissociated cells, and 3) an example of the application of the method to investigating chemical skin carcinogenesis. It is possible by this method to assay cytophotometrically the DNA of epidermal cells at the same phase of the generative cycle. It turned out that the DNA content of epidermal metaphase cells in the group of mice treated with a carcinogen and mechanical irritation (3 weeks) was significantly greater than the corresponding value of the group which received only acetone and mechanical irritation. This seems to suggest that a treatment with a carcinogen causes fairly early changes in the nuclear material of the germinative tissue. The method described offers new possibilities for quantitative cytochemical characterization of the nuclear changes associated with experimental carcinogenesis, because it eliminates the sources of error normally present in section preparations and the problems of interpretation caused by the cell cycle, and permits the use of cytofluorometry, a method considerably more sensitive than absorption cytophotometry.
STUDIES ON THE HISTOGENESIS OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED CERVICAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Rubio C. A. , Lagerlöf B.
Published: August 2010

The alterations preceding invasive carcinoma and the development of frank carcinoma have been investigated in 116 mice following intravaginal painting with 3,4‐benzpyrene. The subsequent epithelial changes were graded in increased order of deviation from the normal; atypia grade I, II, III, questionable invasive and frankly invasive carcinoma. Slight atypia (grade I) was observed following 2 months application of the carcinogen. Atypia grade II occurred after 3 and 4 months' treatment. After 5 months, atypia grade II or III, questionable or invasive carcinoma developed. Ninety‐two per cent of the mice with questionable or invasive carcinoma had in addition intra‐epithelial atypias with buds. Invasion was seen to originate at the tip of epithelial buds with severe cellular atypias. The findings strongly suggest an association between epithelial buds with cellular atypias and progression to invasive carcinoma.
LOCALISATION OF HUMAN α‐FOETOPROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN HEPATOBLASTOMA CELLS BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND IMMUNOPEROXIDASE METHODS
Authors: Nørgaard‐Pedersen B. , Dabelsteenn E. , Edelingn C.J.
Published: August 2010

By means of indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and indirect immunoperoxidase (IP) technique the presence of α‐foetoprotein (AFP) has been demonstrated in foetal liver tissue as well as in liver tissue from two cases of hepatoblastoma. In both cases of hepatoblastoma the serum AFP were determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Removal of the tumours caused a rapid fall in the concentration of serum AFP.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON INITIAL CELL ADHESION
Authors: Attramadal Audun , Jonsen Jon
Published: August 2010

The effect of temperature on the adhesion of cells to glass was studied. The initial cell adhesion was found to be temperature dependent within the range 4°–37°C. The initial cell adhesion was independent of temperature changes after formaldehyde fixation of the cells or after arresting cell metabolism with 2,4‐dinitrophenol and iodoacetate. It is suggested that cell surface functions dependent on cellular metabolism facilitates initial cell adhesion.
INFLUENCE OF INSULIN TREATMENT ON GLOMERULAR CHANGES IN RATS WITH LONG‐TERM ALLOXAN DIABETES
Authors: Hägg Erik
Published: August 2010

The hypothesis that insulin itself participates in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy was tested in alloxan diabetic male rats by giving them daily injections of a commercial protamine zinc insulin for 3 months after 9 months of untreated diabetes. Insulin doses were adjusted so that the urine volumes and glucosuria were kept at low levels. When compared with untreated alloxan diabetic rats of the same diabetes duration (12 months), the insulin treated animals showed a significantly decreased incidence and quantity of mesangial IgG. There was also a tendency to less glomerular basement membrane thickness and mesangial area in the treated rats, but the differences between the two groups were not significant. The glomeruli of nondiabetic insulin treated animals did not differ from those of untreated controls. These results do not support the assumption that the presence of insulin contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. The findings favour the concept that glomerular disease in diabetes is the result of insulin deficiency. Furthermore, deposition of glomerular IgG in alloxan diabetic rats is evidently a reversible phenomenon.
HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN MOUSE LYMPH NODES AND SKIN FOLLOWING REPEATED SKIN PAINTING WITH OXAZOLONE
Authors: Myking Andreas O.
Published: August 2010

The response of lymph nodes and skin to repeated topical application of oxazolone was investigated histologically in mice. The initial paracortical response in the nodes was followed by a prolonged germinal centre reaction and the development of numerous plasma cells. The epidermis which initially showed an acute inflammatory reaction with erosion, healed despite repeated painting.
THE IN VITRO MATURATION OF THE EMBRYONIC CHICKEN THYMUS
Authors: Sällström Jan F. , Alm Gunnar V.
Published: August 2010

The thymic anlagen of 10‐day‐old chicken embryos showed a reproducible development in organ culture, assayed as the number of lymphoid cells obtained per anlage. The time dependent increase of the number of lymphoid cells exhibited an exponential phase during culture on days 0–6 followed by a plateau phase during days 8–12. The characteristic growth curve was not significantly changed by subcultivation of whole or divided thymic anlagen or medium changes, in order to improve the culture conditions. The lymphoid development of the thymic anlagen in organ culture required chicken serum as medium supplement. The number of lymphoid cells per anlage showed an approximately linear relation to the logarithm of the serum concentration within a range of 2.5–20 per cent serum. Additional and removal of organ culture medium serum supplement indicated that serum was necessary both for the initiation and maintenance of the thymic lymphoid development.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF HETEROKARYONS FROM ROUS RAT SARCOMA CELLS AND NORMAL CHICKEN CELLS
Authors: Lindberg Lars Göran
Published: August 2010

Rous virus transformed rat cells containing the Rous virus genome but lacking the ability to produce Rous virus particles have been fused with chicken erythrocytes, chicken lymphocytes or chicken fibroblasts using Sendai virus. Heterokaryotic cells with both rat sarcoma cell nuclei and chicken cell nuclei have been studied in the electron microscope. Shortly after the fusion, a series of changes in the chicken nuclei are demonstrable, which as seen in the electron microscope imply a “reactivation” and production of intranuclear RNA‐containing structures as well as a development of nucleoli. In parallel, the chicken nucleus increases in size and the chromatin is transformed from condensed aggregates into a finely dispersed material. In spite of all evidence of a protein synthesis in the heterokaryotic Rous sarcoma cell directed from the chicken nucleus there is no formation of virus particles in cells with Rous rat sarcoma cells and chicken erythrocytes or chicken lymphocytes. In cultures with Rous rat sarcoma cell—chicken fibroblast heterokaryons a regular synthesis was seen. It seems apparent that the chicken fibroblast contains some factor, whether genetically coded or not, that is required if a production of complete Rous virus particles is to be achieved.
LEAD INDUCED INJURY OF IN VITRO CULTURED RAT FIBROBLASTS
Authors: Brun Arne , Brunk Ulf
Published: August 2010

In vitro cultured embryonal rat fibroblasts were used for the testing of a concentration of lead ions which would cause widespread cellular injury but not disseminated cell death. Of the tested dosages between 1 and 100 μg Pb (NO3)2/ml cultivation medium, 25 μg was deemed suitable for further studies of the mechanism behind the cellular injury of lead. Electron microscopically there were greatly increased numbers of autolysosomes. Different possible reasons for this finding are discussed. One explanation may be lead induced lysosomal membrane damage leading to leakage of hydrolytic enzymes and cytoplasmic degradation and subsequent formation of autolysosomes. This notion is supported by a previously demonstrated lead‐induced reduction in lysosomal membrane stability using a histochemical method.
INTRACRANIAL TUMOURS INDUCED IN GUINEA PIGS WITH ROUS SARCOMA VIRUS
Authors: Ahlström Carl Gustaf , Olin Tord , Smitterberg Bror
Published: August 2010

Fifty newborn guinea pigs were inoculated intracranially with Rous Sarcoma virus strain Schmidt‐Ruppin (SR‐RSV). Neurological symptoms appeared after 3–7 weeks. Forty‐eight intracranial tumours were found in 27 guinea pigs. Ten guinea pigs showed meningeal tumours, in 10 guinea pigs the tumours were located intracerebrally and 7 showed both meningeal and intracerebral tumours. The meningeal tumours were either highly differentiated fibroma‐like, often growing in whorl‐like formations and sometimes invading the overlying skull bone or sarcomatous. Similar sarcomas with both argentophilic and glial fibrils were seen among the intracerebral tumours. The “mixed” character may be due to an inherent capacity of the tumour cells to produce both argentophilic and glial fibrils. Nine of the intracerebral tumours had the appearance of gliomas resembling the fibrillary astrocytomas or oligodendrocytomas in man. Angiographically arteriovenous shunts were seen in the sarcomatous intracranial tumours whereas displacement of the vessels was nearly absent in the poorly vascularized gliomas. The mengiomas received their blood supply from the external carotid artery although it would be supplied from the internal carotid artery if they had an intracerebral component.
FINE STRUCTURE OF GRANULOCYTES WITH CYTOPLASMIC INCLUSIONS IN PLEURAL EFFUSIONS FROM PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID PLEURITIS, TUBERCULOUS PLEURITIS AND PLEURAL CARCINOMATOSIS
Authors: Nielsen Morten H. , Faurschou Peter , Faarup Poui.
Published: August 2010

The fine structure of neutrophil granulocytes from pleural fluid obtained from patients with rheumatoid or tuberculous pleuritis or epidermoid carcinoma of the lung was identical irrespective of the primary disease of these patients. Homogenously stained lipid‐like inclusions were present in the cytoplasm of the neutrophil granulocytes. They seemed to be formed de novo, as they lacked a distinct limiting unit membrane. The fine structure of the lipid‐like inclusions gave no evidence to support the presence of immune complexes, these were probably located in the quantitative much fewer phagosomes of the granulocytes.
A MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF NORMAL HUMAN LIVER CELL NUCLEI
Authors: Ranek Leo , Keiding Niels , Jensen Soren Tolver
Published: August 2010

Using the projecting method, measurements were made of the size of nuclei of liver cells in liver biopsies taken from ten patients with normal liver histology and normal liver function tests and from two patients with acromegaly. For the statistical analysis a parametric model of the distributions of the nuclear radii, the distributions, was used, making an estimation of the frequencies of di‐, tetra‐ and octaploid nuclei possible. The distribution of the lengths of the nuclear radii was consistent with normal distributions corresponding to the different ploidy classes. Diploid nuclei constituted 84 to 99 per cent of the liver cell nuclei, and the frequency of polyploid nuclei increased with increasing age. Samples of nuclei within the same biopsy revealed significant differences in the mean radius of diploid nuclei and in the frequency of polyploid nuclei. This biological variation must be taken into account in the interpretation of karyometric data. One of the patients with acromegaly had a higher frequency of polyploid nuclei than seen in normal patients, and in both patients with acromegaly the size of diploid nuclei was large compared with normals. The frequency of binuclear nuclei was unrelated to age and frequency of polyploid nuclei, but males were found to have more binuclear liver cells than females.
BACTERIAL ANTIGEN AND ACID PHOSPHATASE IN MACROPHAGES IN EXPERIMENTAL PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: Thomsen Ole Frøkjær
Published: August 2010

Experimental retrograde E. coli pyelonephritis was produced in rats. The study covered the period from 6–24 hours up to 6 months. Macrophages in the renal tissue were studied using immunofluorescence staining for bacterial E. coli antigen and histochemical staining for acid phosphatase. A comparison of sections stained according to the two methods showed that antigen‐containing macrophages in nearly all cases yielded a positive reaction for acid phosphatase. On the other hand, in several kidneys acid phosphatase‐positive macrophages occurred which in consecutive sections studied by immunofluorescence did not contain antigen. The possibility of using staining for acid phosphatase as a screening method for the detection of active, antigen‐containing macrophages in human chronic pyelonephritis is discussed.
PREFERENTIAL INCORPORATION OF 3H‐DEOXYCYTIDINE INTO CHICKEN BURSAL CELLS.
Authors: Bäck Rune , Linna T. Juhani
Published: August 2010

3H‐deoxycytidine, 3H‐thymidine and 125I‐deoxyuridine were injected intravenously into different groups of chickens and mice, and lymphoid organs and intestine of the animals sampled one hour later. Incorporation of the isotopes into proliferating cells was evaluated after nucleic acid extraction and determination of specific activity of the isotopes in counts per minute per microgram of DNA (cpm/μg DNA). Labelled deoxycytidine was incorporated much better into bursal cells than the other isotopes, indicating that this isotope may preferentially label bursal lymphocytes, or a subpopulation of them.
CARCINOGENICITY IN MICE OF SOME FATTY ACID METHYL ESTERS.
Authors: Kiær H. W. , Glavind J. , Arffmann E.
Published: August 2010

Two fatty acid methyl esters, methyl oleate and methyl 12‐oxo‐trans‐10‐octadecenoate, have been tested for carcinogenicity by oral and subcutaneous administration in ST/a mice of both sexes. A positive effect of methyl oleate could not be assessed, while the results pointed to a promoter effect of methyl oxo‐octadecenoate. Given in the diet, this compound increased the incidence and number of forestomach papillomas within 83 weeks after initiation by 4‐nitro‐quinoline 1‐oxide. Repeated injections of methyl oxo‐octadecenoate in the inguinal area resulted in 2 local sarcomas in a group of 20 females which had previously received skin initiation by 7,12‐dimethylbenz [α] anthracene in the neck. In no other animal group did sarcomas appear at this location within the observation period of 2 years. An influence by the injected methyl esters on the initiated skin carcinogenesis was possibly, but weakly, present. The need for more extensive experiments is stressed, especially with a view to the possible carcinogenic hazards involved in dietary intake of oxygen‐containing derivatives of oleic acid.
A CYTOGENETIC STUDY OF GONADOBLASTOMA TISSUE IN TWO CASES
Authors: Philip John , Hansen Mogens Kern , Reintoft Ingermarie
Published: August 2010

The hypothesis that gonadoblastoma (gonocytoma III) arises from gonadal tissue with a male chromosome complement has earlier been forwarded. In the literature there is no case with a well documented diagnosis of gonadoblastoma and absence of a Y chromosome. In the two presented cases, one a phenotypic female, the other a phenotypic male, gonadoblastoma was diagnosed. Cytogenetic studies of the removed gonadoblastomas revealed a Y chromosome in both cases. This is in accordance with the hypothesis.
ATYPICAL GERM CELLS IN THE ADJACENT “NORMAL” TISSUE OF TESTICULAR TUMOURS
Authors: Skakkebæk Niels E.
Published: August 2010

Recently a possible intratubular carcinoma‐in‐situ of the human testis was described. The same histological picture has been found in the residual testicular tissue in 17 out of 22 men with either seminoma, embryonal carcinoma or terato‐carcinoma. The hypothesis is put forward that the described cells may represent malignant germ cells from which testicular germ cell tumours of different types may originate.
RENAL MORPHOLOGY IN PIGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.
Authors: Boquist Lennart , Fåhraeus Bengt
Published: August 2010

Light‐microscopic examinations were performed in three groups of pigs: one sham‐operated control group, one group subjected to thyroidectomy (TX), and one group injected with parathormone (PTH) after thyroidectomy (TX + PTH). The kidneys of the sham‐operated animals were normal, whereas slight to moderate dilatation of some tubules was seen in the TX group. The most prominent changes in the TX + PTH group were calcium deposition, tubular dilatation and degeneration, inflammation, and hyperaemia. In addition there were hyaline casts, PAS‐positive globules and mitotic figures in the tubules. It is suggested that the calcium deposition caused by the PTH administration plays a major role in the development of degeneration in the tubular epithelium, and that these structural lesions are of importance in the development of reduced renal function.
RENAL MORPHOLOGY IN PIGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Boquist Lennart , Fåhraeus Bengt
Published: August 2010

Ultrastructural examinations were performed in three groups of pigs: one sham‐operated control group, one group subjected to thyroidectomy, and another group injected with parathormone after thyroidectomy (TX + PTH). Attention was mainly paid to the localization and structural details of the calcium deposits which were found in the TX + PTH group 78 and 150 hours after the first PTH injection. Calcium deposits were found in the epithelial cells and lumina of the tubular system, especially in the proximal convoluted tubules. It is suggested that calcium first is deposited in mitochondria and cytoplasmic vacuoles and that larger calcific bodies, occasionally with concentric lamellation, are formed by coalescence of small calcific particles, and that the calcium deposits induce degenerative changes in the tubular epithelium which may lead to discharge of calcific material into the lumina.
THE EFFECT OF RAUSCHER AND MOLONEY LEUKAEMIA VIRUS ON AMYLOID DEVELOPMENT IN CASEIN‐TREATED CBA MICE
Authors: Ebbesen P. , Leuchars E. , Doenhoff M. , Nielsen G. , Bergh M. , Hesse J.
Published: August 2010

Infection of adult CBA mice with Rauscher or Moloney leukaemia virus concomitantly with caseination significantly accelerated spleen amyloid development in irradiated, bone‐marrow protected mice, but had no effect on untreated, adult thymectomized or thymectomized irradiated mice. Spleen tissue of mice infected with Moloney virus had the highest titre in the mice with accelerated amyloid development.
PERSISTENT NEONATAL HYPOGLYCAEMIA.
Authors: Søvik Oddmund , Vidnes Jostein , Falkmer Sture
Published: August 2010

Two boys and one girl developed persisting hypoglycaemia 12, 24, and 48 hours after birth. Although there was no known history of hereditary diabetes mellitus, the birth weight was high in two cases, and some additional traits of foetopathia diabetica could not be excluded clinically. All had high serum insulin levels with frank hyperinsulinaemia in one case. Glucose tolerance tests also indicated hyperinsulinism. Diazoxide (8 to 27 mg/kg) elevated the blood glucose levels, but did not prevent severe hypoglycaemic episodes. The effects of subtotal pancreatectomy were only transient. The patients have now been kept on permanent diazoxide therapy for 2–4 years at dosages slightly lower than those used before operation. No islet‐cell tumour was found at the subtotal pancreatectomy. In all 3 cases, the pancreatic islets were markedly hyperplastic and of irregular shape with the occurrence of large B‐cells with giant hyperchromatic nuclei and chromophobe “agranular” or sparsely granulated cells. The predominating kind of islet cells showed tinctorial features of A2‐cells, but—in the absence of available material set aside for ultrastructural analysis—it could not be settled whether this was a result of a proliferation of A2‐cells only or of “type IV cells” as well. Against the background of previously published reports, the present cases serve to illustrate that additional accuracy of diagnosis and classification of neonatal persistent hypoglycaemia requires quantitative information about the structural changes in the pancreatic islet cells, and that this can be obtained from conventional biopsy specimens.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF PANCREATIC ISLET CELL DESTRUCTION BY N‐NITROSOMETHYLUREA
Authors: Wilander Erik
Published: August 2010

An ultrastructural study of the early effects of intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg body weight of N‐nitrosomethylurea on the pancreatic islet tissue in Chinese hamsters was performed. Thirty minutes after injection there was slight dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial swelling in a few peripheral α2‐cells near to capillaries and also in some β‐cells. After 1 hour these changes were more pronounced. After 3 hours, distinct nuclear pyknosis was seen in endocrine islet cells of all types, together with β‐cells granular irregularities, disruption of granular cores and autophagy of α2‐cell granules. During the following hours, marked derangement of intracellular structures, ending in obvious cellular destruction, was observed. The results indicate that N‐nitrosomethylurea has a direct cytotoxic effect on the β‐, α2‐ and α1‐cells of the islet tissue. The similarity between the ultrastructure of the pancreatic islets after injection of N‐nitrosomethylurea and streptozotocin is discussed.
RENAL TUMOURS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Mäkinen Judit , Rapola Juhani
Published: August 2010

A ten‐year series of renal tumours in children up to 14 years of age was collected from the files of the Finnish Cancer Register. After histological evaluation of the material, 74 cases were accepted as primary renal tumours. Fifty‐eight of these were typical Wilms' tumours, three rhabdomyosarcomas, six foetal hamartomas and seven unclassified malignant tumours. Wilms' tumours were classified into three types on the basis of the histological differentiation. The total five year survival in the Wilms group was 50 per cent with no difference between patients over and under the age of one year. Of the subtypes of Wilms' tumours the sarcomatous type showed worse prognosis than average; only three out of 16 patients were alive after a five‐year follow‐up time. None of the patients with foetal hamartoma died of tumour, although two fatalities, connected with the surgery, were recorded. The value of histological classification of Wilms' tumours and the importance of the recognition of the foetal hamartoma is emphasized.
THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE AND LOBULAR CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE BREAST
Authors: Andersen Johan Adolph
Published: August 2010

The basement membrane (BM) was examined by light microscopy in cases of lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast (LCIS), employing the following stains: haematoxylin‐eosin, van Gieson‐Hansen, PAS, colloidal‐iron‐PAS, and reticulin. The BM was non‐intact in 12 out of 26 investigated cases of LCIS when reticulin staining was applied, but appeared non‐intact in about 70 per cents with the other staining methods. On the other side control areas of the BM were intact in 23 out of 26 cases with reticulin stain, but in only about half of the cases with other stains. It is concluded that reticulin staining is the most suitable in evaluating the BM in LCIS, and that more or less pronounced defects of the BM in LCIS cannot be considered evidence of imminent invasion. Although the overall occurrence of invasive breast carcinoma was significantly increased in 9 cases with epithelial cell protrusion through the BM, this feature should be investigated further before it is allowed to affect therapeutic decisions.
THE ROLE OF THE PARATHYROIDS FOR THE ADAPTATION TO A LOW CALCIUM INTAKE.
Authors: Larsson Sven‐Erik , Ahlgren Olof
Published: August 2010

One‐year‐old selectively parathyroidectomized rats showed, on a normal dietary intake of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D, a reduction in plasma calcium to below 4.1 mEq./I in 86 per cent and on restricted calcium intake in 100 per cent. On the normal level of dietary calcium, normalization of plasma calcium occurred in 17 per cent within 8 weeks and in another 40 per cent between the 8th and 27th week of observation while on the low level only 10 per cent of the animals normalized their plasma calcium and first after the long‐term period of observation. This was most probably accomplished by successively restored parathyroid activity from aberrant parathyroid tissue as deducted from data regarding the metabolism of calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphate. Adaptation, viz. normalization of plasma calcium, was brought about by mobilization of skeletal calcium with resulting osteoporosis, as reported in our previous study on the same animals. Intestinal net absorption of calcium showed no significant difference between normocalcemic normophosphatemic intact and hypocalcemic hyperphosphatemic parathyroidectomized animals at the respective level of dietary calcium. Thus, parathyroidectomized animals with persistently reduced plasma calcium showed a normal adaptory increase in intestinal calcium absorption upon chronically restricted calcium intake. In the discussion of the regulation of this adaptory system the possible effects of the plasma concentrations of both calcium and inorganic phosphate upon the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the kidney tubules must be considered. Plasma magnesium did not appear to have a primary influence. Intestinal absorption of inorganic phosphate was not dependent upon the presence of the parathyroids but followed that of calcium suggesting a regulation by the action of 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol.
FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA OF THE LIVER, BENIGN HEPATOMAS, ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES AND OTHER DRUGS AFFECTING THE LIVER
Authors: Grabowski Martin , Stenram Unne , Bergqvist Anna
Published: August 2010

Due to the claim of an association between focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, benign hepatomas and oral contraceptives, the files in the departments of pathology at the university hospitals in Lund and Malmö were examined for these two diagnoses made since 1945 and 1957, respectively. 26 cases of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and 7 benign hepatomas were found, 18 and 2, respectively, in women. Since 1963, the year before oral contraceptives were introduced in Sweden, focal nodular hyperplasia has been diagnosed in 8 women in the reproductive period of life; 4 of these had taken oral contraceptives. The 4 diagnoses were established in 1972–1974. At most, 25 per cent of Swedish females between the ages of 15 and 44 years have been on oral contraceptives. The Swedish series of 28 patients with focal nodular hyperplasia comprised 3 epileptics and 3 diabetics. At least two of the epileptics had been treated with barbiturates and/or hydantoins. The prevalence of drug‐treated epilepsy in Sweden is 0.4–0.5 per cent, and of diabetes about 2 per cent. The possible aetiological role of drugs provoking an increase of the smooth‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of the liver and proliferation of vascular fibrous tissue in a part of the liver which previously may have been damaged by vascular disturbances or trauma, is considered. No relationship between benign hepatomas and drugs was found. The observations support the notion that oral contraceptives may be of aetiological importance in the development of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, although the material is too small for epidemiological and statistical analysis.
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS OF THE APPENDIX IN VON RECKLINGHAUSEN'S DISEASE.
Authors: Merck Christer , Kindblom Lars‐Gunnar
Published: August 2010

A case of neurofibromatosis of the appendix in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease complicated by acute appendicitis is described. The possible pathogenetic relationship between neurofibromatosis and the leiomyomatous hyperplasia found in this case is discussed.
MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA IN A FAMILY
Authors: Reske‐Nielsen Edith , Haase Jens , Kelstrup Jørgen
Published: August 2010

Twelve healthy relatives of two children who died of malignant hyperthermia—volunteered to give biopsies of striated muscle. Electron microscopy of their muscles revealed nonspecific myofibrillary degeneration and profound alterations of parts of muscle fibres. Furthermore, constructional faults were found in the architecture of the muscle. Previous investigations correlated with these abnormalities support the assumption, that inborn errors of metabolism may involve membranes of other tissues as well as striated muscle.
COLLAGEN DEVELOPMENT IN GRANULATION TISSUE AS COMPARED WITH COLLAGEN OF SKIN AND AORTA FROM INJURED AND NON‐INJURED RATS
Authors: Hansen T. Mørk
Published: August 2010

Granulation tissue in rats was produced by subcutaneous implantation of viscose cellulose sponges. Granulomas, aortae, and skin samples were taken 4, 8, 14, 22, 33, and 42 days after the sponge implantation and compared with age‐matched non‐operated rats. 14C‐proline was given 4 hours before death to animals killed on day 0, 14, and 42. The 14C‐OH‐proline activity in salt insoluble collagen was higher in granulation tissue and aorta than in skin. This indicates a faster formation, or an increased stability of the intermolecular cross‐links in granulation tissue and aorta, than in skin. The percentage of free OH‐proline was higher in granulation tissue than in skin, reflecting a relatively increased collagen degradation in granulation tissue. An increased collagen degradation may also, in part, explain a registered higher alpha/beta ratio in collagen from granulation tissue than from skin, as well as the increase in alpha/beta ratio in the older granulomas. The sponge implantation did not affect the collagen of aorta and skin, but caused a decrease in the dry weight of aorta and skin, and an increase in the number of granulocytes in the blood.
DIFFERENT EFFECTS ON RENAL AND SUBMAXILLARY RENIN RELEASE AFTER BLOCKADE OF THE RENIN SYSTEM IN MICE
Authors: Bing Jens , Poulsen Knud
Published: August 2010

Inhibition of the angiotensin I converting enzyme with SQ 20,881 results in a rapid marked increase in plasma renin concentration in mice. The maximum effect is short‐lasting, but the values are still elevated 2 hours after the injection, the time course being similar to that previously found in rats. The relative increase is the same in normal and sialo‐adenectomized mice. The plasma renin concentration of nephrectomized mice with their submaxillary glands intact is, however, totally uninfluenced by injection of the blocker. This finding indicates that renin release from the submaxillary glands is not controlled by the plasma angiotensin II concentration as is that of the renin release from the kidneys.
THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE OF THE UTERINE CERVIX IN DYSPLASIA AND SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA: AN IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STUDY WITH ANTIBODIES TO BASEMENT MEMBRANE ANTIGEN
Authors: Rubio C. A. , Biberfeld P.
Published: August 2010

Histological preparations with normal epithelium, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and squamous invasive carcinoma of human cervix were studied by immunofluorescence using human sera containing antibodies against basement membrane material, against intercellular substance of squamous epithelium (ISSE) and against reticulin. A continuous basement membrane was observed in normal epithelium, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, but was faintly stained, discontinuous or even absent in specimens with invasive squamous carcinoma. Staining with anti‐reticulin did not reveal any condensation in the basement membrane areas in any of the preparations examined. ISSE was demonstrated in the normal epithelium, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ as well as in invasive carcinoma.
MORPHOMETRIC STUDIES OF THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS IN PERIMEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Skaane Per , Jauss Elisabeth , Meyer Dieter
Published: August 2010

In 23 cases of perimembranous glomerulonephritis (PGN, membranous nephropathy), the juxtaglomerular cell complex (JGC‐complex) in early postmortal (2 cases) and bioptically obtained specimens (21 cases) was investigated quantitatively by planimetry. The results were correlated with the stage of the PGN and the clinical findings. A statistically significant increase in mean size of the JGC‐complex was found in perimembranous glomerulonephritis compared with the control group (p < 0.005). Comparing the different morphological stages of PGN, the size of the JGC‐complex was increased and the serum creatinine level raised in stages 3 and 4. In hypertensive patients with perimembranous glomerulonephritis, the serum creatinine levels were significantly raised as compared with the normotensive group.
MCG101‐AA, A NEW ASCITES TUMOUR IN C57 MICE
Authors: Hagmar Björn , Ryd Walter
Published: August 2010

The transplantabilities of trypsin and neuraminidase‐treated 101‐AA cells were compared with untreated cells. The cell doses required for growth were similar for enzyme‐treated and control cells. Yet, trypsinized cells injected i.v. gave rise to less lung tumours and, in one experiment, they produced more extrapulmonary tumours than control cells or neuraminidase‐treated cells. These findings were collated with some data on the effect of enzyme treatment on the tumour cell membranes, obtained by particle size analysis, cell electrophoresis, lectin agglutinability and sialic acid determinations. The importance of cell surface characteristics for specific metastasis patterns, in this case a peculiar “myotrophism”, is discussed.
EFFECT OF LONG‐TERM ADMINISTRATION OF DIFFERENT HARD LIQUORS AND RED WINE ON THE RAT LIVER.
Authors: Jordö L. , Olsson R.
Published: August 2010

Male rats were given 50 per cent of calories as ethanol, whisky, brandy, gin and red wine for 8–9 months together with moderate or low protein and vitamin supply. Histological studies at sacrifice failed to detect signs of hepatotoxicity, but biochemical studies indicated that at least red wine and whisky produced more undesirable effects on the liver than ethanol.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LENGTH OF THE LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY AND HEART WEIGHT
Authors: Paulsen Stein , Vetner Max , Hagerup Leif M.
Published: August 2010

The length of the left main coronary artery (LMA) was determined in post‐mortem, non‐fixed hearts of normal weight (heart weight < 400 g, group I) and hypertrophic hearts (heart weight ≥ 400 g, group II). Hearts from 76 men and 88 women in group I and 136 men and 61 women in group II were studied.

The mean length of LMA in group I was 9.1 mm in men and 8.4 mm in women. Corresponding values in group II were 10.3 mm and 8.8 mm. There was no significant sex difference in the length of LMA in group I, but the sex difference in group II was significant (p<0.01). The difference in length of LMA between groups I and II reveals that the difference in men was significant (p<0.02), but insignificant in women.

In the case of both sexes no significant correlation between heart weight and the length of LMA was found either in group I or group II. There was a significant correlation between the area of the left coronary ostium and the length of LMA in men in group I (p<0.05), but not in women. Corresponding comparisons of both sexes in group II were statistically insignificant.
EXPERIMENTAL RENAL CANDIDIASIS IN MICE AND GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Winblad Bengt
Published: August 2010

As a part of an experimental study of the spread of urogenital infections, male guinea pigs and mice were intravenously injected with a sublethal dose of Candida albicans in a long‐time experiment. The kidney was the organ of maximum infection. Spread in the kidney was observed from the cortical and glomerular capillaries, where the injected yeast cells first lodged, but after pseudomycelial transformation penetrated into the Bowman's space and into the lumen of the tubuli. Guinea pigs recovered from the infection. In mice the renal candidiasis progressed and two types of the disease could be distinguished: an acute type with cortical abscesses and a chronic type with partly necrotic tips of the pyramids and adhering fungal masses in the pelves. A similar picture has been observed in man. The pathogenesis of renal candidiasis seems to resemble that of renal tuberculosis.
EXPERIMENTAL MALE GENITAL TUBERCULOSIS—APPRAISAL OF PROTECTIVE VALUE OF BCG VACCINATION
Authors: Winblad B. , Duchek M. , Holm S.
Published: August 2010

As part of an experimental study of the spread of urogenital tuberculosis, the development of tuberculous infection was compared in vaccinated and non‐vaccinated guinea pigs after challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv into the seminal vesicle. The animals were saccrificed 35 days after challenge. Morphological observations indicate that tuberculous infection in an immunized animal is retarded, but spreads by the same routes as in an non‐immunized animal. On microbial enumeration significantly lower numbers of organisms were recovered from the inoculated seminal vesicle and regional iliac lymph nodes of the BCG‐vaccinated guinea pigs.
ACID ACTIVATION OF RENIN IN RABBIT UTERUS
Authors: Jørgensen Jørgen
Published: August 2010

During the first 2 days post‐partum there is a rapid fall in the uterine renin content of the rabbit. A similar loss of renin can be reproduced in vitro when pregnant and post‐partum and to a lesser degree non‐pregnant uterine tissue slices are incubated at pH 7.4 at 37° C. When a secondary incubation of these previously incubated preparations is performed at pH 4.8 an activation of renin is seen. There was not an inverse correlation between the amounts of renin lost during the primary incubation at pH 7.4 and the amounts of renin activated during the secondary incubation at pH 4.8. In similarly incubated preparations of kidney cortex, where only a small per cent of the initial renin content is lost during the primary incubation at pH 7.4, no activatable renin is seen.