bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaccination of children against coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kharit Susanna M. , Timchenko Vladimir  N. , Chernova Tatyana M. , Bulina Oksana V.
Published: April 2023

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is currently a widespread disease in all countries of the world. The adult population is predominantly involved in the epidemic process. In children, the disease proceeds, as a rule, in asymptomatic, mild and moderate forms. However, severe forms of the disease with the development of adverse outcomes are possible. Severe forms of infection are more likely to develop in children under the age of 1 year and older than 12 years. The risk group for a non-smooth course and adverse outcomes are children with concomitant diseases: genetic, neurological, metabolic disorders, congenital heart defects, obesity, diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma and other chronic lung diseases, sickle cell anemia, oncopathology, immunodeficiency states. At present, various types of vaccines are used for specific prevention in the world: based on M-RNA technologies, vectorial, inactivated. These vaccines are effective and safe in reducing the burden of disease in eligible adolescents. Despite the emergence of new strains of circulating viruses, vaccines continue to be effective in preventing severe infections, hospitalization and death.
Analysis of Contradictions in Evidence in a Court Verdict
Authors: Astafyev Aleksey Y.
Published: April 2023

This article examines the issue of assessing the reliability of evidence in the verdict in the case of contradictions in facts examined in court. The procedure for eliminating contradictions in evidence, as noted in the article, is directly related to the substantiation of the court's conclusions in the verdict and, in general, to the peculiarities of judicial knowledge. The author addresses the problem of comparability of evidence in a criminal case and points out that in criminal proceedings there are situations of inconsistency of information in which individual contradictions in the evidence examined do not entail their mutual exclusion. It is noted that working with contradictions in the evidence shows the true ability of the law enforcer to think analytically.
Problems and Prospects of Advanced Legal Regulation in the Context of Digitalization Processes
Authors: Ukhanov Anton D.
Published: April 2023

The processes of introducing digital technology into all spheres of human activity actualize the idea of advanced lawmaking, which is currently associated with the possibility of minimizing the risks of digitalization and preventing its threats. At the same time, while not completely new, this idea poses a number of independent problems, each of which should be taken into account when developing doctrinal and legal (strategic) acts aimed to advance the settlement of digitalization processes. The problems include, first, philosophical and ideological validity, second, the lack of proven theoretical and methodological tools for legal forecasting (modeling), third, the substantive uncertainty of legal acts that include advanced legal norms, and fourth, the formal legal difficulties of embedding these cars in the existing system of legislation and the presentation of their contents. Being fair for advanced lawmaking as such, these problems can be considered separately and in detail in the context of digitalization processes.
Alternative Legal Constructions for the Settlement of Tax Situations: Limits of Admissibility
Authors: Karaseva Marina V.
Published: April 2023

This article analyzes alternative legal constructions used to resolve tax situations and determines the limits of the admissibility of their use. It emphasizes that such legal constructions are lawmaking and enforcement. Moreover, the latter takes place in the course of both judicial and administrative law enforcement. These constructions are civil law. The authors highlight the fact that the subject of this article is not civil law institutions that determine tax law. We discuss civil law constructions in the system of tax situations, i.e., situations that arise from tax legal relations and require their resolution. In the context of the article, the lawmaking constructions are those that are established in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. One example, in particular, is the civil law constructions of a surety and a bank guarantee, enshrined in Art. 74 and 74.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Enforcement constructions, in particular, are civil law constructions of unjust enrichment and tort liability. As an alternative, these constructions for regulating tax situations are used in the Resolutions No. 9-P, dated March 24, 2017, and No. 39-P, dated December 8, 2017, of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.
We pay particular attention to the analysis of the tax clause as a false alternative civil law construction initiated into the practice of the Federal Tax Service of Russia, and we determine the criteria for the limits of permissibility of using alternative legal constructions in the context of the subject of research.
The Dual Nature of the Interaction of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation with Public Authorities in the Field of Protection of Individual Rights and Freedoms
Authors: Alekseenko Elena A.
Published: April 2023

The article examines one of the signs of the legal nature of interaction, namely its duality, demonstrated by the prosecutor's office and public authorities in the exercise of powers to supervise the observance of constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen. The article analyzes the scientific and legal research existing in the field of research of the constitutional and legal nature of the special position of the prosecutor's office in the system of separation of legislative, executive and judicial branches of government. The results of the analysis are considered on the example of such a form of activity of public authorities and the prosecutor's office as interaction. The conclusion is made about the dual dynamic and changing nature of interaction, where the participating subjects, on the one hand, mutually influence each other, organizing their actions, and on the other hand demonstrate some kind of interdependence.
Problems and Prospects of Taxation and Regulation of the Turnover of Digital Financial Assets and Cryptocurrencies
Authors: Seliutina Tatiana S.
Published: April 2023

The current increase in interest in investing in digital assets on the part of both companies and individuals is noticeable not only to researchers but also to government agencies. However, a product of this type appears and conquers the market much faster than clear rules of the game for participants in this market are formed. Different countries often have diametrically opposed assessments of transactions with digital assets, and some jurisdictions generally recognize them as illegal. The new legislation of the Russian Federation recognizes digital financial assets and outlines their characteristics. However, even within the framework of one law, they are treated as both investment securities and property. Such an interpretation, the lack of recognition of the features of digital financial assets and cryptocurrencies compared with traditional instruments, and at the same time the increased interest of the state, including law enforcement agencies in this area, significantly increase the risks of conscientious investors and traders. As a result of identifying these circumstances, the author of this article highlights the difficulties that arise and will remain a long time before the national legislative bodies in the formation and development of instruments for regulating the sector of the economy in question.
Ensuring the Constitutional Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen in the Development of Modern Information and Communication Technologies
Authors: Kolesov Mikhail V.
Published: April 2023

The article analyzes the changes that have occurred in public life and legal relations that have occurred during the period of rapid development and implementation of information and communication technologies. Based on the presented facts and observations, the necessity of normative regulation of social relations arising in the digital space between different users is substantiated. In addition, it is concluded that information security is becoming increasingly important in modern society, and it should be protected at the state level.
Problematic Aspects of the Disposal of Funds that Form the Positive Balance of a Single Tax Account
Authors: Krasyukov Andrey V.
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the study of changes and additions to the Russian tax legislation in terms of the procedure for fulfilling tax obligations. The author analyzes such innovations in the procedure for paying taxes as a single tax payment and a single tax bill. As part of the study, the author focuses on the study of property relations for the disposal of funds that make up the positive balance of the single tax account. The author analyzed the procedure for disposing of such funds through the prism of their location after the payment of a single tax payment and until the moment the obligation to pay the tax is fulfilled. In connection with the findings, the article formulates proposals for improving tax legislation in terms of regulating relations on the disposal of a positive balance of a single tax account by the taxpayer himself and his heirs.
Client-Centric Concept in Higher Education: Russian and International Experience of Implementation
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, RAS Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Balatsky Evgeny V. , Ekimova Natalia A. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: April 2023

The client-centric concept, which originated in the 1980s, has been implemented in the last decade in specific digital projects at the national and global level. Russia has fully embraced the new technological trend and is creating new types of digital services in different segments of the social space. The purpose of the article is to consider the stages of implementation of client-centric principles in global and Russian practice. The main emphasis is placed on the information superservice "University Admission Online" introduced in Russia and its counterparts in other countries of the world. The analysis showed that Russia has already passed the main stages of formation of such digital platforms and is in the group of the leading countries of the new initiative. International experience shows that the nearest analogues of Russian superservice have been created under the patronage of the state in Sweden and Germany. At the same time, the article shows that private global services in the higher education market already operate today – the Australian and the Anglo-Chinese initiatives, respectively. The question of expanding the digitalization of the Russian higher education market through the launch of global services in the framework of public-private partnerships is discussed.
Institutional Performance of Reforms in Russian Science
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Yurevich Maxim A.
Published: April 2023

Reform theory and other concepts have accumulated a rich experience in studying the institutional environment of the R&D sector, including the identification of specific parameters of performance or non-performance of individual managerial decisions or entire areas of reforms. At the same time, assessments of institutional performance are usually based on expert analysis and detection of institutional traps, and do not deal with other facets of this performance, including the achievement of those goals or benchmark indicators. Measuring the institutional efficiency of achieving the "digital" goals laid down in the reform of Russian science has revealed significant problems at the design stage of the reform. The study of the indicators whose thresholds formed the vectors of transformation of Russian science led to the following conclusions. Most of the key indicators, even taking into account the failure to meet the deadlines, remained unachieved. And in the case of meeting the "digital" targets, there are signs of either managerial opportunism or other special circumstances of an accidental nature or negative externalities. Two conclusions can be drawn from this very depressing picture. Either the reforms have failed, and institutional efficiency according to the "digital" criterion has been unsatisfactory. Or the chosen set of indicators is invalid.
Changing the Paradigm of Natural Ecosystems Management
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Ovchinnikov Victor N. , Ketova Natalia P. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: April 2023

The article studies the processes of changing the system of ideological positions regarding the nature of economic activity in different periods of human development. This leads to a change in the organization and environmental management. The paradigm shift is the transition from the concept of consumer attitude to nature to the process of human environmental interaction, when the domestication of plants and animals as a result of the Neolithic revolution, led to the first social division of labor and the separation of sedentary plant-growing communities and nomadic livestock tribes. The understanding of the commodity nature of the ecological good received from the ecosystem should be considered as a revolutionary change, which receives the form of an ecosystem service in a market economy A condition for the use of ecosystem services are counter payments of restoration costs for the reproductive and sustainable state of the ecosystem. This approach provides a tool for goal orientation, quantitative accounting and cost estimation of the necessary replacement costs that can be included in the value chain of the product. It also makes it possible to describe the role of Russia as a global environmental donor.
The Evolution of Consumption: Theoretical Analysis
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Grechko Mikhail V. , Stasev Mikhail А. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: April 2023

The article presented by the authors is devoted to the systematization and integration of scientific knowledge in the aspect of the study of the evolutionary dynamics of consumption in retrospect, which allows a comprehensive and structured presentation of the currently existing scientific groundwork in the designated subject field. The goal is to present ontology and the existing body of scientific ideas in a comprehensive way in the focus of the study of the ontological framework and the evolutionary dynamics of the consumption process, based on the cognitive potential of the historical method and retrospective analysis. The paper fixes that consumption is too multifaceted phenomenon, the evolution of which would be incorrect to represent outside the historical process. As a significant scientific result, the authors present the stages of the evolutionary dynamics of the consumption process, which are qualitatively characterized. In addition, there is an appropriate characterization of the transformation of connotation of the concept "consumption" based on the logic of its representation in the subject field of certain areas of the system of social sciences.
Three Variants of the First Five-Year Plan for the Economy of the USSR (From Realism to Utopia Against the Background of the Economic and Political Development of the USSR in 1928–1929)
Authors:   The Siberian Institute of Management – a branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Khanin Girsh I.
Published: April 2023

The article analyzes the first stage of the formation of the planning system in the USSR as an integral part of the command economy. It is shown that the goals and objectives of the first long-term plans were determined by the objective need to overcome the economic and military backwardness of the USSR, in comparison with the developed capitalist countries, and by the conviction of the Soviet leadership in the idea that military conflicts with class and geopolitical opponents are inevitable. At the same time, the goals and objectives were determined by the NEP crisis in the period of reconstruction. The author of the article compares three variants of the first five-year plan. He considers and explains the differences in their aims, macroeconomic tasks and basic national economic proportions. Based on the world and Soviet economic history, the author assesses the feasibility of individual versions of the five-year plan and shows the utopian nature of the adopted five-year plan. Besides, the article analyzes the fulfillment of the five-year plan in the first two years. Alternative macroeconomic estimates demonstrate non-achievement of targets for all most important indicators. Moreover, the article has considered some indicators that were increased for individual sectors of the economy in spring of 1929. Due to the utopian nature of the adopted plan, the question is considered whether Stalin and his entourage were insane and how they could navigate in what was happening in the economy having unreliable macroeconomic information. Although, they are proved to have had sufficient information about the real situation in the economy.
On the Importance of Using Directional Information in the Search for Lower Mantle Reflectors
Authors: Rochira Federica , Thomas Christine
Published: April 2023

The SS precursor signals are a powerful tool for mapping topography of mantle discontinuities, which are sensitive to the thermal and compositional structure of the mantle. The depth of mantle discontinuities is usually estimated using the differential travel time between the main arrival and its precursor. However, this method ignores potential travel path deviations that influence the travel time of precursor signals. Here, we use an approach that considers directivity information as well as travel-time measurements. Applying seismic array techniques, we measure slowness, back azimuth, and travel time of the signals, and use this information to backproject to the point of reflection. In our test dataset, we observe deviations from the predicted values in slowness and back azimuth in the range of 0.1–2.3 s/° and 1–20°, respectively. These values lead to reflection locations that can differ considerably from theoretical reflection points calculated with great circle plane paths as well as depths different from the depth calculated for in-plane propagation, with differences up to ∼150 km. Our results indicate that the travel-path deviations should be considered to avoid misinterpretation of mantle discontinuities and potentially reduce previously observed scatter in discontinuity depth.
Hybrid modeling of P-SV seismic motion at inhomogeneous viscoelastic topographic structures
Authors: Moczo Peter , Bystrický Erik , Kristek Jozef , Carcione José M. , Bouchon Michel
Published: April 2023

A new hybrid two-step method for computation of P-SV seismic motion at inhomogeneous viscoelastic topographic structure is presented. The method is based on a combination of the discrete-wavenumber (DW), finite-difference (FD), and finite-element (FE) methods. In the first step, the DW method is used to calculate the source radiation and wave propagation in the background 1D medium. In the second step, the FD-FE algorithm is used to compute the wave propagation along the topographic structure.

The accuracy of the method has been separately tested for inclusion of the attenuation and for inclusion of the free-surface topography through numerical comparisons with analytical and independent numerical methods.

The method is a generalization of the hybrid DW-FD method of Zahradník and Moczo (1996) for localized structures with a flat free surface.

Numerical computations for a ridge, sediment valley, and the ridge neighboring the sediment valley show that a ridge can considerably influence the response of the neighboring sediment valley. This means that the neighboring topographic feature should be taken into account even when we are only interested in the valley response.
The Impact of Consolidation Logistics Service Quality on Chinese Consumers’ Intention to Repurchase
Authors:   Korean Academy Of International Commerce, Inc., Su Miao
Published: April 2023

Purpose: This study proposes a consumer-relevant evaluation system for the quality of consolidation logistics services based on the four qualities of timeliness, dependability, economy, and convenience. It also investigates the relationship between these aspects and consumers' intentions to reuse in order to increase their intentions to reuse.
Research design, data, and methodology: This paper collects the opinions of 514 customers of consolidation logistics services, and employs structural equation modeling to examine the influence of service quality on consumers' reuse intentions across four dimensions.
Results: Consolidation logistics ser vice providers that demonstrate punctualit y, dependability, economical approaches, and convenience are better able to entice clients to employ their services regularly.
Conclusions: Consolidation logistics service providers that demonstrate punctuality, dependability, economical approaches, and convenience are better able to entice clients to employ their services regularly.
Analysis of the CMS for Korea's Major Exports to Australia and New Zealand: Comparisons with China and Japan
Authors:   Korean Academy Of International Commerce, Inc., Zhao Yi-Lin , La Kong-Woo
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the international competitiveness of Korea's 20 major export items to the Australian and New Zealand markets with those of China and Japan.
Research design, data, and methodology: In this study, trade statistics are extracted from the UN Comtrade database and are analyzed using Constant Market Share (CMS) and Market Share models for each item.
Results: Korea's share of the Australian market is strong, and Korea's share of HS2710 and HS7210 in the New Zealand market is relatively high, and appears to be trending up. Looking at the overall changes in CMS for Korea, China, and Japan in Australia, Korea and Japan show a gradual decrease, while China shows a significant increase in some items.
Conclusions: Korea needs a strategy to strengthen competitiveness for items in which the market share of rival countries is increasing, and should use a business model that can utilize a RCEP.
Application of Umbrella and Most Favored Nation Clauses Related to Restrictions Imposed on the Ratione Materiae of an Arbitration Clause
Authors:   Korean Academy Of International Commerce, Inc., Hur Yunseok , Yoon Jaewoong
Published: April 2023

Purpose: This study analyses the umbrella clause and the most favored nation clause by focusing on A11Y Ltd. v. Czech Republic issued under international commercial arbitration.
Research design, data, and methodology: Typical case analysis deals with the issues surrounding the selection of applicable cases for international commercial arbitration.
Results: Under the arbitration clause, which explicitly excludes disputes regarding the FET clause and the non-discrimination clause, it is not acceptable to invoke both clauses through an umbrella clause.
Conclusions: Above all, from the facts of this case, it is thought that even if the jurisdiction is expanded, difficulties accompany the complete citation of a claim on the merits. Regarding a non-discrimination obligation, the Tribunal denies the distinction of administrative rules in the context of expropriation. On the other hand, the inappropriate behavior of the Labor Bureau is acknowledged, and there is room for violation of FET or the obligation to prohibit investment damage.
Doña Jacinta 2.0
Authors: Téllez Alarcia Diego
Published: April 2023

En este trabajo se abordará el potencial de redes sociales como Twitter o Facebook para la enseñanza de la Historia de España. Se analizará una iniciativa concreta: la página de Facebook Doña Jacinta 2.0. (https://www.facebook.com/Doña-Jacinta-20-1676501339053420) creada en el marco de un proyecto de innovación docente junto a alumnos del Grado de Educación Primaria de la Universidad de La Rioja en los cursos 2017-2018 y 2018-2019. En este perfil la propia doña Jacinta Martínez de Sicilia, duquesa de la Victoria, esposa del general Espartero, repasa los principales hitos de la Historia de España del s. XIX en los que se vio envuelta e interactúa con la sociedad actual. Acompañan sus textos multitud de recursos: mapas interactivos, líneas de tiempo, fotomontajes, cuadros, memes, Kahoots, juegos interactivos, etc.
Experimental investigation of nanofluids for heat pipes used in solar photovoltaic panels
Authors: ALI Bisma , QAYOUM Adnan , SALEEM Shahid , MIR Fasil Qayoum
Published: April 2023

The current study is aimed to measure and analyze the impact of temperature (10°C < T < 90°C) and particle concentration (0.05% < ϕ < 1.5%) on thermo-physical properties of TiO2, ZnO and CuO nanoparticles suspended in Therminol-55. The nanoparticles were characterized by using various techniques, including TEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA/DSC. TEM images reveal that the morphology of TiO2 and ZnO as spherical nanoparticles whereas that of CuO is in the form of flakes. XRD pattern for TiO2, ZnO and CuO nanoparticles possess anatase, heaxagonal and monoclinic phase respectively. TGA results show that that TiO2 losses less mass than the ZnO and CuO nanoparticles at each stage of decomposition. Thereby making it more stable thermally as compared to the other samples. Two-step method has been employed to formulate stable Therminol-55 based nanofluids containing TiO2, ZnO and CuO nanoparticles for varying particle concentrations. Results show that the thermal conductivity of suspensions containing solid conducting particles increase with increasing nanoparticle content and temperature of dispersions in the fluid. The thermal conductivity of TiO2/Therminol-55, ZnO/Therminol-55 and CuO/Therminol-55 nanofluids increases up to 17.62%, 21.55% and 24.32% at particle concentration of 1.5 wt%. Further, the experimental results demonstrate that the density of nanofluids increased significantly with increase in concentration and decreased with temperature. Surface tension of nanofluids shows decrease with increase in particle concentration. This indicates that adding nanoparticles improve thermo-physical properties of nanofluid, making it suitable for use in heat pipe. The measured data for thermal conductivity and density are compared with existing theoretical models of nanofluids to check the effectivity of conventional models. A multi-variable new generalized correlations for thermal conductivity and density of Therminol-55 based nanofluids containing TiO 2, ZnO and CuO nanoparticles are proposed.
A theoretical analysis on the operating and design parameters affecting the performance of a sewage wastewater sourced heat pump system
Authors: DOĞAN Ercan , SOLMAZ İsmail , BAYER Özgür
Published: April 2023

Sewage wastewater heat exchanger (SWHE) has a significant role in the performance of sewage wastewater sourced heat pump (SWSHP) system as it provides to transfer the energy of wastewater to intermediary fluid or working fluid. Thus, a theoretical analysis of the SWSHP system was carried out to investigate the effects of SWHE design parameters on the system ’s performance. For this purpose, a simulation program based on the proposed mathematical model of the SWSHP system was developed in MATLAB. Afterward, the indirect type SWSHP system that can meet 50 kW heating load was theoretically designed. The influences of SW temperature, its mass flow rate, the inner diameter of the heat exchanger tube, and intermediary fluid mass flow rate on the performance of the designed SWSHP system were analyzed. The results indicate that variation of SW temperature affects the COPsys more than the variation of SW mass flow rate. Considering the ranges of parameters investigated, the COPsys raises from 2.56 to 4.51 and 2.89 to 4.27 with the variations of SW temperature and SW flow rate, respectively. Moreover, an increase in the intermediary fluid mass flow rate provides an improvement on the COPsys and COPunit. However, SWSHP performance is adversely affected by the increasing value of the inner diameter of the tubes. As a result, small changes in the design parameters of the SWHE directly affect the system performance and system operating conditions.
Comparative study of magnesium sulphate nebulization and lignocaine nebulization in prevention of postoperative sore throat (POST)
Authors: Sharma Gopal , Asnani Kumar , Kalani Sanjay , Kumar Mohit
Published: April 2023

Background: General anaesthesia (GA) includes intubation a necessary step to provide adequate ventilation in patients under anaesthesia along with protection of airway from regurgitation and aspiration. Postoperative sore throat (POST), hoarseness of voice, cough are common sequelae. The present study compares the efficiency of preoperative nebulization of lignocaine hydrochloride and magnesium sulphate for reducing the incidence of POST in patients under GA. Methods: The study conducted in GMC Kota and attached hospitals on 100 patients of surgery duration one hour to three hours. Patients were randomly allocated in two groups Lignocaine group and Magnesium group. Results: The majority of patients belonged to the age between 40 and 70 years. There was no significant difference in the mean pulse rate, SBP, mean SpO2. Comparison of sore throat in both the groups at rest, just after extubation, 2 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours showed incidence more common in lignocaine group than magnesium group but no significant difference (P>0.05). Hoarsness after extubation reduced within 24 hours in Magnesium group in comparison to Lignocaine group where it persists till 48 hrs. Conclusion: Incidence of sore throat, hoarseness of voice and cough was more common in lignocaine group and more in female patients. Both drugs can be used for prevention of postoperative sore throat, but magnesium sulphate has better results.
Pharmacoeconomic analysis of oral and injectable proton pump inhibitors available in India
Authors: Deolekar Pradnya , Dongerkery Kavitha Vivek , Sonawane Jyoti , Yadav Pramila , Naseem Azra
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) effectively suppress acid secretion and play an important role a lot of gastrointestinal disorders. PPIs are generally used long term by the patients. This can cause an increase in patient cost and subsequent decrease in adherence to the prescription. Hence, this study was done to assess the cost variation of PPIs. Methods: The cost of different brands of commonly used PPIs (10 capsules/tablets for oral drugs and one ampoule/vial for injectable drugs) was tabulated by referring to the “Monthly Index of Medical Specialties” October – December 2021, and 1mg online pharmacy. The cost ratio and percentage cost variation for various brands of a particular strength and dosage form was calculated and compared. Cost ratio >2 and cost variation >100% was considered significant. Results: The results showed a huge variation in costs of different brands with the highest being Rabeprazole 20mg (Cost ratio-16.4, Percentage cost variation-1540%) in oral formulation and Rabeprazole 20mg (11.9, 1090%) in the injectable formulation. Among oral drugs, Omeprazole 40mg has the lowest cost ratio and percentage cost variation (1.60, 60.34%) and Pantoprazole 40mg (1.51, 51.16%) in case of injectable formulations. Conclusion: There is a wide variation in the prices of PPIs available in the market. Huge demand for the commonly orally prescribed drugs like Omeprazole 20mg and Pantoprazole 40mg could be the reason for the high cost. Among injectable preparations, Pantoprazole 40mg is the most commonly prescribed but it has an acceptable cost ratio which is a positive sign.
Comparison of COVID19(SARS-COV-2) infection, based on gender, age group and sequential waves by RT-PCR analysis among the population of western districts of Odisha
Authors: Panda Bhuban Mohan , Lopamudra Mr. , Dalai Satish , Padhi Sanghamitra
Published: April 2023

As SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread all over the world, it is evident that patient’s gender, age, and comorbidity might render these patients more vulnerable to either increased mortality or increased risk of infection. In the first wave of pandemic, percentage of infection was 5% in May 2020, which rose to 23% in August. Towards the end of the year, it was around 1.8%. In second wave, infection gradually increases to 3.4% in the later part of March 2021, reaching maximum of 31% in April. of the recorded positive cases, infection rate in male population was comparatively higher them the female. In September 2020 where the rate of infection was highest in the first wave the male infectivity rate is 16% compared to 7.13% in females. In April 2021, male infection rate was at 21% compared to 9.7% in the female population. The positivity rate in male population was at 3.7% in third wave of infection. During this period the positivity rate in female population was at 1.87%. Our study shows the positivity rare was maximum in the age group of 18-29(25.5%) followed by 30-39(23.5%) and 40-49(17.2%) in 2020. Similar trend was observed in the year 2021 where the infection rate was 24.2%,23.6%,18.46% in the age group of 18-29,30-39 and 40-49 respectively. However, in 2022 maximum infection was recorded in the age group of 18-29 at around 29%, followed by age group of 30-39(20.9%) and 6-17(15%).
Comparison of dexmedetomidine, lidocaine and fentanyl in attenuation of haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation in cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Kateel Karthik , Verma Indu , Mahajan Manbhavan
Published: April 2023

Objective: Laryngoscopy and intubation produce sympathoadrenal response posing risk especially in cardiac patients due to arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia increasing morbidity and mortality. Our aim is to compare lidocaine, fentanyl and dexmedetomidine in attenuation of this response in cardiac surgery patients. Material and Methods: Ninety patients were allocated into 3 groups of 30 participants each. Group A obtained 1µg/kg Dexmedetomidine for 10 minutes before laryngoscopy. Group B 1.5mg/kg of Lidocaine and Group C 2µg/kg Fentanyl 90 seconds before intubation. Hemodynamic parameters like Heart rate (HR), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Rate Pressure Product (RPP) were noted before intubation and 1,3,5,10 and 15 minutes after intubation. Statistical analysis was done using Epi info version 7.2.1.0 statistical software (Chi square test, ANOVA test). Results: Dexmedetomidine had significant reduction in SBP at 1st (p-value=0.003), 5th, 10th and 15th (p-value<0.001) minute and in DBP at 3rd, 5th, 10th and 15th (p-value< 0.001). MAP was significantly reduced with dexmedetomidine at 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th and 15th minute (p-value</ = 0.001) and RPP at 1st (p-value=0.040), 3rd (p-value=0.001), 5th (p-value=0.001), 10th (p-value<0.001) and 15th(p-value=0.002) minute. Dexmedetomidine had higher fall in HR at 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th mins which was not statistically significant(p-value>0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine 1µg/kg given as 10 min infusion before laryngoscopy was more effective than fentanyl and lidocaine in blunting hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation in cardiac surgery patients. However due to significant hypotension associated with dexmedetomidine, it has to be used with caution in these patients.
Efficacy of combination therapy of amphotericin and posaconazole in treatment of mucormycosis
Authors: S Sridhara , S Ramesh , P Nandini , Jayan Gayatri , Gangadhara K S
Published: April 2023

Background: Mucormycosis is an opportunistic systemic fungal infection which is debilitating caused by order Mucorales. The standard management of mucormycosis consists of aggressive debridement of the infected tissue and parenteral anti-fungal therapy with Amphotericin B. Liposomal amphotericin B is a “true” liposomal formulation of amphotericin B with greatly reduced nephrotoxicity and minimal infusion-related toxicity. Very minimal data is available on the usefulness of combining different antifungal agents for an effective outcome. Our study was undertaken at a time when there was a huge turnover of mucormycosis cases during Covid 19 pandemic with resultant shortage of important resources including liposomal amphotericin B. In effect, combination of liposomal amphotericin B with posaconzole gave a promising outcome. Objectives: To study the efficacy of combination therapy of liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole in the treatment of mucormycosis. Methodology: It is a prospective study of 43 patients with mucormycosis who received combination therapy based on their disease severity. Results: In our study, 16 (37%) were considered as patients with mild disease, 18 (41.8%) were considered as patients with moderate disease and 9 patients (20.9%) were considered as severe. 20 (58%) patients out of 34 patients with mild to moderate disease showed improvement after combination therapy. Conclusion: A significant percentage of patients in our study showed improvement with combination therapy of liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole in terms of survival and disease recurrence.
Una fórmula similar ante situaciones diferentes. Las leyes de defensa del orden en El Salvador: 1952 y 1977
Authors: Monterrosa Cubías Luis Gerardo
Published: April 2023

En la mayor parte del siglo pasado, El Salvador permaneció gobernado por regímenes cívico-militares de corte autoritario que, en dos ocasiones, sancionaron leyes de defensa del orden para justificar y facilitar la persecución violenta de los opositores. En este artículo analizo y comparo los contextos políticos en los cuales se promulgaron las normativas de 1952 y 1977, la respuesta de los disidentes y las consecuencias de su aplicación. La comparación de estas coyunturas, estudiadas hasta la fecha de forma aislada, permite abordar un factor que condujo a la guerra civil de los años ochenta, a saber, la confianza invariable de las clases dirigentes y sus aliados en la represión como fórmula para acallar las exigencias de la sociedad civil, aunque los tiempos hubiesen cambiado
TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS FOR CORIANDER CULTIVATION ON VERTICAL RACKS
Authors:   FSBSI ", Vershinina O.V. ,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM"
Published: April 2023

The research is aimed at specifying the possibility of cultivation and gain of marketable coriander products with minimum energy consumption in photoculture conditions. Growth of vegetative part, root system, the quality and photosynthetic activity of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) were evaluated with application of LED lighting in different spectral ratios. Coriander varieties were grown hydroponically on vertical racks using flooding technology. Illumination lamps based on blue, green and red LEDs were used as lighting, with a total PAR intensity of 150 mmol/m²s. Far red 6-12% was added to the main spectrum of illumination. The results showed that application of LED light (mainly red and green, and to a lesser extent blue light) significantly influenced a wide range of parameters of plant growth and development, including photosynthetic activity of pigments, the biomass of shoots and roots. The photosynthetic ability of the leaves was significantly higher under the radiation in the second variant with the addition of far red spectrum of 6% compared to other illumination variants. The root system parameters in different variants of the experiment differed slightly. The most appropriate ratio of LED emission spectra are B(23) :G(53):R(74) mmol/m²s with a far red spectrum share of 12% (option 1) for 'Santo' variety and B(21):G(59) :R(70) mmol/m²s with 6% far red (option 2) for 'Caribe' variety. The conditions of light culture ensure formation of economically useful biomass of coriander plants in a short period of 22-25 days, on average, in the amount of 1.81 kg/m². Studies showed that in case of growing coriander varieties on vertical hydroponics racks, it is possible to obtain high-quality green marketable products in the early stages at threshold values of photosynthetic irradiance.
DEVELOPMENT OF PARAMETER SETTING (LAMP) OF LOOP MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION FOR ACCELERATED IDENTIFICATION OF BORDETELLA PETRII BACTERIA
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Lomakin A.A. , Feoktistova N.A. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Mastilenko A.V. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to development of loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for accelerated identification of little-studied bacteria Bordetella petrii, which are isolated from animals and humans. LAMP is based on identification of a conserved gene in a target group of microorganisms against which a series of four to six primers should be designed. The study protocol takes less than one hour and includes amplification of the target gene using Bst polymerase in isothermal conditions. Species-specific primers were designed to identify B. petrii bacteria, transcription regulator gene LysR was used in the studies. The specificity of the selected primers was validated by BLAST at National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) server (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). The researchers selected parameters for layout of the reaction, tested specificity of the developed protocol and appropriate amplification time, also they determined sensitivity of the developed LAMP protocol for identification of B. petrii bacteria. It was established that appropriate amplification result is recorded after 40-50 minutes; agarose gel electrophoresis indicates that sensitivity of the developed amplification protocol is 10 DNA copies. The developed method is specific, which is confirmed by a negative reaction on bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alcaligenes spp., Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Citrobacter freundi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella infantis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus sub.
NEW CANDIDATE GENES ASSOCIATED WITH SHOULDER HEIGHT OF SHEEP OF RUSSIAN MEAT MERINO BREED
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution ", Krivoruchko A. Yu. ,   North Caucasian Federal Scientific Agrarian Center", Yatsyk O. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Agrarian Center", Kanibolotskaya A. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Agrarian Center"
Published: April 2023

The search for candidate genes and genetic markers associated with economically valuable traits of productive animals is of great scientific and practical importance for the agro-industrial complex. Of particular interest are studies aimed at finding associations for parametres which characterize features of build and growth of animals. The aim of this work was to search for single nucleotide polymorphisms and candidate genes associated with height at the shoulder, one of the main measurements that allows to judge the conformation characteristics of sheep. The object of the study was 12-month-old Russian Merino meat rams (n = 50), bred on the Stavropol Territory. Animal genotyping was performed using DNA biochips of Ovine Infinium HD BeadChip 600K; genome-wide association analysis was performed using PLINK V.1.07 software. In the course of the work done, significant associations were found between the height at the shoulder and single nucleotide substitutions of 3, 10 and 18 chromosomes of sheep of Russian meat merino breed. Polymorphisms are located in the region of introns of protein-coding genes (rs422409900, rs413412092) and intergenic regions (rs414158152, rs430384069, rs415673748). A negative regression coefficient is observed in five analyzed substitutions. Location of analyzed substitutions in relation to the latest Oar_rambouillet_v1.0 genome annotation allowed to reveal 4 new candidate genes associated with height at the shoulder of sheep: RALGAPA1, MEIS1, AFTPH, SLC25A21. Further studies should be aimed at confirming the effect of the proposed candidate genes on the phenotype of animals, as well as confirming the relationship of rs414158152, rs430384069, rs42240990, rs415673748, and rs413412092 polymorphisms with conformation parametres of sheep.
CATTLE EXTERIOR OF HEREFORD BREED IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTHERN TRANS-URAL
Authors:   State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, Sheveleva O.M. , Bakharev A.A. ,   State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, Sukhanova S.F. ,   Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T.S. Maltsev
Published: April 2023

Herd reproduction parameters and quality of the young animals depend on the state of the breeding stock. The object of the study was cows of Hereford breed at the age of 4, 5 and 6 years. Linear assessment was carried out by the method of O.M. Sheveleva (2021). Animals were measured by conventional methods. The measurements were compared with the method of assessing cattle for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS). A scoring assessment of the exterior of cows was carried out and a complex class of cows for exterior was determined in accordance with the Procedure and conditions for assessing breeding cattle of meat direction (2010). The research results were biometrically processed by the method of N.A. Plokhinsky, 1969, 1970. Hereford cows were characterized by a harmonious build. All body measurements of full-aged cows increased compared to young animals. Measurement of chest girth increased by 11.7 cm, chest depth - by 2.6 cm, chest width by 2.8 (P> 0.999), width in hook bones by 3.7 cm, (P> 0.999), in hip joints by 3.7 cm, width in ischial tuberosities by 4.0 cm, half-girth of the quarters by 3.2 cm (P> 0.999). Evaluation of the exterior of cows by a 100-point scale indicates that the evaluated cows have a fairly harmonious build that corresponds to the breed type, but concurrently, full-aged cows received a lower score for exterior traits. A significant increase of linear assessment signs with age increment was established. Chest depth increased by 0.94 points, chest width by 1.62, back width by 0.55 points, pelvic width by 1.4 (P>0.999), chest width by 1.62, pelvic width by 0.7 (P>0.95). The method of linear assessment of the exterior is objective and does not require additional equipment. It is possible to recommend approbation of this method on other cattle breeds and to develop clearer instructions for conformation assessment of beef cattle using linear method.