bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cathelicidin: Insights into Its Impact on Metabolic Syndrome and Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Popa Alina Delia , Gherasim Andreea , Caba Lavinia , Niță Otilia , Graur Mariana , Mihalache Laura , Arhire Lidia Iuliana
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: LL-37 is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of risk factors comprising obesity, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which elevates the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this narrative review, we analyzed the literature focusing on recent developments in the relationship between cathelicidin and various components of MetS to provide a comprehensive overview. Results: Studies have shown that LL-37 is linked to inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) and the development of IR in obesity. Cathelicidin can enhance inflammation by activating pro-inflammatory genes, as well as modulate the inflammatory response. The mechanisms of IR include the activation of complex signaling pathways that induce inflammation and reduce insulin signaling in adipocytes. The activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by cathelicidin stimulates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to the disruption of insulin function in adipose cells. Cathelicidin also influences lipid metabolism, with recent research showing a negative relationship between LL-37 levels and HDL cholesterol. Therefore, LL-37 is involved not only in the regulation of inflammation but also in lipid metabolism, potentially aggravating the cardiovascular complications associated with MetS. Conclusions: Cathelicidin plays a crucial role in regulating the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in MetS. Understanding the impact of LL-37 on these mechanisms may unveil novel approaches for addressing MetS and its associated complications.
Machine Learning Models Decoding the Association Between Urinary Stone Diseases and Metabolic Urinary Profiles
Authors: Ma Lin , Qiao Yi , Wang Runqiu , Chen Hualin , Liu Guanghua , Xiao He , Dai Ran
Published: December 2024

Background: Employing advanced machine learning models, we aim to identify biomarkers for urolithiasis from 24-h metabolic urinary abnormalities and study their associations with urinary stone diseases. Methods: We retrospectively recruited 468 patients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital who were diagnosed with urinary stone disease, including renal, ureteral, and multiple location stones, and had undergone a 24-h urine metabolic evaluation. We applied machine learning methods to identify biomarkers of urolithiasis from the urinary metabolite profiles. In total, 148 (34.02%) patients were with kidney stones, 34 (7.82%) with ureter stones, and 163 (34.83%) with multiple location stones, all of whom had detailed urinary metabolite data. Our analyses revealed that the Random Forest algorithm exhibited the highest predictive accuracy, with AUC values of 0.809 for kidney stones, 0.99 for ureter stones, and 0.775 for multiple location stones. The Super Learner Ensemble Method also demonstrated high predictive performance with slightly lower AUC values compared to Random Forest. Further analysis using multivariate logistic regression identified significant features for each stone type based on the Random Forest method. Results: We found that 24-h urinary magnesium was positively associated with both kidney stones and multiple location stones (OR = 1.195 [1.06–1.3525] and 1.3258 [1.1814–1.4949]) due to its high correlation with urinary phosphorus, while 24-h urinary creatinine was a protective factor for kidney stones and ureter stones, with ORs of 0.9533 [0.9117–0.996] and 0.8572 [0.8182–0.8959]. eGFR was a risk factor for ureter stones and multiple location stones, with ORs of 1.0145 [1.0084–1.0209] and 1.0148 [1.0077–1.0223]. Conclusion: Machine learning techniques show promise in revealing the links between urological stone disease and 24-h urinary metabolic data. Enhancing the prediction accuracy of these models leads to improved dietary or pharmacological prevention strategies.
Genomic Insights into Host Susceptibility to Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Lizcano Juan D. , Visperas Anabelle , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Abdelbary Hesham , Higuera-Rueda Carlos A.
Published: December 2024

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a multifactorial disease, and the risk of contracting infection is determined by the complex interplays between environmental and host-related factors. While research has shown that certain individuals may have a genetic predisposition for PJI, the existing literature is scarce, and the heterogeneity in the assessed genes limits its clinical applicability. Our review on genetic susceptibility for PJI has the following two objectives: (1) Explore the potential risk of developing PJI based on specific genetic polymorphisms or allelic variations; and (2) Characterize the regulatory cascades involved in the risk of developing PJI. This review focused on clinical studies investigating the association between genetic mutations or variations with the development of PJI. The genes investigated in these studies included toll-like receptors and humoral pattern recognition molecules, cytokines, chemokines, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), bone metabolism molecules, and human leukocyte antigen. Among these genes, polymorphisms in IL-1, MBL, vitamin D receptors, HLA-C, and HLA-DQ might have a relevant impact on the development of PJI. The literature surrounding this topic is limited, but emerging transcriptomic and genome-wide association studies hold promise for identifying at-risk genes. This advancement could pave the way for incorporating genetic testing into preoperative risk stratification, enhancing personalized patient care.
d-Xylitol Production from Sugar Beet Press Pulp Hydrolysate with Engineered Aspergillus niger
Authors: Knesebeck Melanie , Rüllke Marcel , Schönrock Veronika , Benz J. Philipp , Weuster-Botz Dirk
Published: December 2024

d-Xylitol is a low-calorie and anti-cariogenic sweetener suitable for diabetic patients, making it a valuable ingredient in various health-related applications. In this study, we investigated the production of d-xylitol from l-arabinose derived from sugar beet press pulp (SBPP) hydrolysate using an engineered Aspergillus niger strain. Initial batch studies applying stirred tank bioreactors demonstrated d-xylitol production of 4.6 g L−1 with a yield of 0.37 g d-xylitol g−1 l-arabinose with a synthetic medium. Subsequently, the conversion of enzymatically produced and clarified SBPP hydrolysate was studied. We found that pre-treatment of the enzymatic hydrolysate with activated carbon was essential to remove inhibitory components. Moreover, an automated aeration switch-off was implemented based on the CO2 signal of the off-gas analyzer of the stirred tank bioreactor to prevent d-xylitol degradation after l-arabinose depletion. This resulted in a final d-xylitol concentration of 4.3 g L−1 with an improved yield of 0.43 g d-xylitol g−1 l-arabinose. The feasibility of utilizing the agricultural residue SBPP for d-xylitol production was successfully demonstrated with engineered A. niger.
Antibiotic Stewardship Based on Colonization with Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Liver Transplantation: A Narrative Review
Authors: Zuccaro Valentina , Giordani Paola , Binda Francesca , Asperges Erika , Farina Elisa , Viganò Mauro , Gervasi Elena , Pagani Elisabetta , Fagiuoli Stefano , Bruno Raffaele
Published: December 2024

In solid organs post-transplant, bacterial infections can complicate the course of recovery with devastating consequences, such as graft loss and death. We provide an expert review on early post-liver transplant bacterial infections, with a focus on infections with multi-drug-resistant organism (MDRO) etiologies. Best practice recommendations are derived from a combination of available evidence and expert consensus. The main challenge in managing antibiotic therapy arises in patients with severe clinical conditions but negative MDRO screening results, as well as in those with positive MDRO screening results but uncomplicated infections. With the aim of shedding light on these “gray areas”, we propose an algorithm where the patient is stratified as being at low risk or high risk of developing an MDRO infection.
Iron Oxide-Bearing Wastes as Media for Supporting Biodegradation of BTEX
Authors: Al-Obaidi Safaa A. , Srivastava Pallavee , Webster Gordon , Weightman Andrew J. , Sapsford Devin
Published: December 2024

Two common iron oxide-bearing wastes—a drinking water treatment residual and a passive mine water treatment sludge (MWTS)—were utilised with and without modification as media in microcosm experiments to treat artificial benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX)-contaminated wastewater. In all cases, the removal of BTEX was observed over the 160-day experiments, with benzene being the most recalcitrant. The solubilisation of iron was observed, which, alongside the syntropic relationship between the methanogens and firmicutes, allowed several anaerobic processes to occur, including iron reduction in concert with the biodegradation of BTEX. Nitrogen sparging prior to microcosm establishment, compared to aeration, was seen to lead to the greater subsequent removal of BTEX, indicating that anaerobic conditions favoured removal. The rates of BTEX removal indicated that these iron oxide-bearing wastes, an abundant waste stream, may be an interesting candidate for cost-effective media for BTEX remediation in applications such as permeable reactive barriers.
Micropetrography as a Key Preliminary Tool for Addressing Provenance Issues: Insights from a Roman Istria Case Study (Croatia)
Authors: Šprem Katarina
Published: December 2024

The Istrian peninsula in western Croatia has surface deposits that consist mostly of Jurassic and Cretaceous carbonate sedimentary rocks, which have been exploited since prehistory. Under Roman rule, this exploitation intensified, as attested by dozens of quarries documented throughout the peninsula. Stone was used for everything from foundations of private houses to funerary monuments and public buildings. Micropetrography can be used to determine the geological age of the stone used in these structures, to then compare the results with a geological database of Roman quarries. As multiple quarries exploited deposits of the same age, however, micropetrography alone is insufficient to determine provenance, so it must be supplemented by transport and profitability analysis.
Nickel–Cobalt Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheet-Decorated 3D Interconnected Porous Ni/SiC Skeleton for Supercapacitor
Authors: Chang Han-Wei , Lee Chia-Hsiang , Yang Shih-Hao , Chiu Kuo-Chuang , Liu Tzu-Yu , Tsai Yu-Chen
Published: December 2024

In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected porous Ni/SiC skeleton (3D Ni/SiC) was synthesized by binder-free hydrogen bubble template-assisted electrodeposition in an electrolyte containing Ni2+ ions and SiC nanopowders. This 3D Ni/SiC skeleton served as a substrate for directly synthesizing nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets via electrodeposition, allowing the formation of a nickel–cobalt LDH nanosheet-decorated 3D Ni/SiC skeleton (NiCo@3D Ni/SiC). The multiscale hierarchical structure of NiCo@3D Ni/SiC was attributed to the synergistic interaction between the pseudocapacitor (3D Ni skeleton and Ni–Co LDH) and electrochemical double-layer capacitor (SiC nanopowders). It provided a large specific surface area to expose numerous active Ni and Co sites for Faradaic redox reactions, resulting in an enhanced pseudocapacitance. The as-fabricated NiCo@3D Ni/SiC structure demonstrated excellent rate capability with a high areal capacitance of 1565 mF cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2. Additionally, symmetrical supercapacitor devices based on this structure successfully powered commercial light-emitting diodes, indicating the potential of as-fabricated NiCo@3D Ni/SiC in practical energy storage applications.
Organometallic Chemistry of Propargylallenes: Syntheses, Reactivity, Molecular Rearrangements and Future Prospects
Authors: McGlinchey Michael J.
Published: December 2024

Alkynylallenes offer the varied reactivity patterns of two different multiple bond linkages either separately or in concert. Initially, a short overview of their syntheses, structures, rearrangement mechanisms and synthetic utility, especially when treated with transition metal reagents such as gold(I), silver(I), platinum metals or metal carbonyls, is presented. Subsequently, we focus on the particular case of 1,2-dien-5-ynes (propargylallenes), whereby the shortness of the single atom bridge, and the consequent proximity of the allenyl and alkynyl moieties, facilitates metal-mediated interactions between them. It is shown how these metals can coordinate to either the alkyne or the allene fragment, thus leading to different cyclisation or rearrangement products, dependent also on whether it is the proximal or the distal double bond of the allene that participates in the reaction. Dimerisation of bromo-substituted fluorenylideneallenes bearing silyl or ferrocenyl substituents can occur in either head-to-head or head-to-tail fashion, thereby yielding propargylallene derivatives that undergo unexpected and novel rearrangements, including the formation of molecules possessing unusually long carbon–carbon single bonds. Fluorenyl-bearing propargylallenes react with silver nitrate or iron carbonyl to form novel organic polycyclic systems. Finally, suggestions are offered for future advances in the area.
Structure-Activity of Plant Growth Bioregulators and Their Effects on Mammals
Authors: Garban Zeno , Ilia Gheorghe
Published: December 2024

In this review, we emphasize structure-activity and the effects on mammals of plant growth bioregulators. plant growth bioregulators can be referred to as “biochemical effectors” since they are substances having biological activity. It is possible to distinguish between “bioregulators” and “regulators” due to the significance of the compounds mentioned above in biochemistry and agrobiology. Thus, “plant growth bioregulators” (PGBRs) are the names given to naturally occurring chemical substances produced by biosynthetic processes. PGBRs affect both plant reign and animal reign. A plethora of plant growth bioregulators were described in the literature, so the structure, activity in plants, and their effects on mammals are presented.
New Antioxidant Caffeate Esters of Fatty Alcohols Identified in Robinia pseudoacacia
Authors: Móricz Ágnes M. , Baglyas Márton , Darcsi András , Balla József , Morlock Gertrud E.
Published: December 2024

The stem bark of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) was extracted, and nine antioxidant compounds (R1–R9) were detected by high-performance thin-layer chromatography combined with the radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) assay, multi-detection, and heated electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry. For structure elucidation, the methanolic crude extract was fractionated by solid-phase extraction, and the compounds were isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as well as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine the double bond position. 3-O-Caffeoyl oleanolic acid (R1), oleyl (R2), octadecyl (R3), gadoleyl (R4), eicosanyl (R5), (Z)-9-docosenyl (R6), docosyl (R7), tetracosyl (R8), and hexacosanyl (R9) caffeates were identified. While R1 has been reported in R. pseudoacacia stem bark, the known R3, R5, R7, R8, and R9 are described for the first time in this species, and the R2, R4, and R6 are new natural compounds. All nine caffeates demonstrated antioxidant activity. The antioxidant effects of the isolated compounds R1–R8 were quantified by a microplate DPPH• assay, with values ranging from 0.29 to 1.20 mol of caffeic acid equivalents per mole of isolate.
Ruthenium Complexes with Pyridazine Carboxylic Acid: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Biofilm Activity
Authors: Rogala Patrycja , Jabłońska-Wawrzycka Agnieszka , Czerwonka Grzegorz , Hodorowicz Maciej , Michałkiewicz Sławomir , Kalinowska-Tłuścik Justyna , Karpiel Marta , Gałczyńska Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

As a result of drug resistance, many antimicrobial medicines become ineffective, making the infections more difficult to treat. Therefore, there is a need to develop new compounds with antibacterial activity. This role may be played, for example, by metal complexes with carboxylic acids. This study reports the formation and characterization of ruthenium complexes with pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid (pdz-3-COOH)—([(η6-p-cym)RuIICl(pdz-3-COO)] (1), [RuIIICl2(pdz-3-COO)2Na(H2O)]n(H2O)0.11 (2) and [RuIIICl2(pdz-3-COO)2Na(H2O)2]n (3). The synthesized compounds were analyzed using various spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques, with structure confirmation via SC-XRD analysis. Experimental data showed the ligand binds to metal ions bidentately through the nitrogen donor of the pyridazine ring and one carboxylate oxygen. To visualize intermolecular interactions, Hirshfeld surface analysis and 2D fingerprint plots were conducted. Furthermore, the impact of ruthenium compounds (1 and 2) on the planktonic growth of selected bacterial strains and the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm was examined. Both complexes demonstrated comparable anti-biofilm activity and outperformed the free ligand. The effect of the complexes on selected virulence factors of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was also investigated. Compounds 1 and 2 show high suppressive activity in pyoverdine production, indicating that the virulence of the strain has been reduced. This inhibitory effect is similar to the inhibitory effect of ciprofloxacin. Within this context, the complexes exhibit promising antibacterial activities. Importantly, the compounds showed no cytotoxic effects on normal CHO-K1 cells. Additionally, a molecular docking approach and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to determine the interactions of ruthenium complexes with human serum albumin.
Metabolic Engineering of Komagataella phaffii for Xylose Utilization from Cellulosic Biomass
Authors: Park Jongbeom , Park Sujeong , Evelina Grace , Kim Sunghee , Jin Yong-Su , Chi Won-Jae , Kim In Jung , Kim Soo Rin
Published: December 2024

Cellulosic biomass hydrolysates are rich in glucose and xylose, but most microorganisms, including Komagataella phaffii, are unable to utilize xylose effectively. To address this limitation, we engineered a K. phaffii strain optimized for xylose metabolism through the xylose oxidoreductase pathway and promoter optimization. A promoter library with varying strengths was used to fine-tune the expression levels of the XYL1, XYL2, and XYL3 genes, resulting in a strain with a strong promoter for XYL2 and weaker promoters for XYL1 and XYL3. This engineered strain exhibited superior growth, achieving 14 g cells/L and a maximal growth rate of 0.4 g cells/L-h in kenaf hydrolysate, outperforming a native strain by 17%. This study is the first to report the introduction of the xylose oxidoreductase pathway into K. phaffii, demonstrating its potential as an industrial platform for producing yeast protein and other products from cellulosic biomass.
Catalytic Performance of Sn-β Zeolites with Different Si/Al Ratios in the Conversion of Glucose to Lactic Acid
Authors: Zhuang Xiaowei , Feng Yongshun , Qiao Hui , Yang Weiming , Pan Xin
Published: December 2024

Lactic acid is an important platform feedstock for synthesizing various chemicals. Lactic acid is normally converted from any sugar such as glucose, and Sn-β zeolite is an effective catalyst. In this study, β zeolite with different Si/Al ratios was prepared and characterized. Sn precursor is reacted with β zeolite by high-energy mixing and introduced into the framework of β zeolite to obtain Sn-β zeolite with different Si/Al ratios. The physicochemical properties of Sn-β zeolite were characterized by XRD, FTIR, N2 physical adsorption, UV Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and pyridine adsorption FTIR. The results showed that when the Si/Al molar ratio of β zeolite was less than 45, the skeleton load of Sn in β zeolite increased effectively with the decrease in aluminum content, and the Lewis acid and Brønsted acid site numbers could be improved. As the Si/Al ratio exceeded 45, the increase in Sn load in β zeolite slowed down, and the Lewis acid and Brønsted acid site numbers were decreased. The results from the catalytic conversion of glucose to lactic acid confirmed that the too high Si/Al ratio caused a decrease conversion rate. The highest performance of the prepared Sn-β zeolites with the highest catalytic efficiency had a glucose conversion rate of 96.69% and lactic acid yield of 39.42% within 7 h at 190 °C in a pressure reactor.
Tribological and Heat Transfer Investigation of Graphene Oxide Coatings on Nylon Rotating Bands in an Artillery System
Authors: Chen Hongbin , Meng Zeyang , Yi Shuang
Published: December 2024

Exploring ways to improve the performance of rotating bands is of great importance for enhancing the power of modern artillery. This study prepared graphene oxide-coated Nylon (GO-Nylon) and Nylon samples based on nylon rotating bands in artillery systems to investigate the feasibility of introducing GO-coated nylon rotating band materials to enhance their tribological and thermal properties. The friction behavior and thermal effects of these two surfaces were analyzed under different external loads and surface roughness conditions. The results show that the excellent thermal conductivity of GO effectively reduced temperature accumulation during friction. Under an external load of 8 N, the surface temperature of GO-Nylon decreased by 14% compared to the Nylon surface, and the coefficient of friction (COF) decreased by 21%. At the same time, a simulation model was established, and its calculation results were consistent with the experimental trends, providing a further explanation of the experimental phenomena. This research provides a basis for the application of graphene-based coatings in the defense industry and presents new ideas for the development of high-performance rotating band materials.
Delphi Study on the Contextualization of Recommendations for Promoting Healthy Eating in Urban Settings of Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Tamayo-Fonseca Nayara , Chilet-Rosell Elisa , Puig-García Marta , Montalvo-Villacis Gregorio , Rivadeneira María Fernanda , Sanchis María Jose ,   Working Group of Public Policies to Promote Healthy Diets in Urban Contexts in Latin America and the Caribbean, Parker Lucy Anne
Published: December 2024

Background. International public health agencies recommend policies to improve diets and promote healthy eating, but implementation often falters due to varying contextual factors across regions. Objectives. This study evaluates the relevance and applicability of these policies in urban areas of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Methods. Using the Delphi technique, we convened a panel of 21 experts from 13 LAC countries, representing public policy, research, social action, and healthcare. Over two consultation rounds, the panel assessed 21 potential actions that local actors could implement to promote healthy eating by altering the physical and social environments. Data analysis led to a consensus on classifying these actions as high priority, low priority, or debatable. Results. The panel highlighted several contextual factors affecting policy implementation in the LAC region. For example, the informal nature (such as informal street vending) of many food establishments in the LAC region complicates zoning policies, such as restrictions in areas near schools, making them difficult to enforce and likely to face resistance. Conclusions. The panel identified eight actions as high priority, eight as low priority, and five as debatable for implementation at local level in the LAC region.
Effects of Pterostilbene on the Cell Division Cycle of a Neuroblastoma Cell Line
Authors: Bruno Francesca , Naselli Flores , Brancato Desiree , Volpes Sara , Cardinale Paola Sofia , Saccone Salvatore , Federico Concetta , Caradonna Fabio
Published: December 2024

Background. The “Cell Cycle Hypothesis” suggests that the abnormal re-entry of neurons into the cell division cycle leads to neurodegeneration, a mechanism supported by in vitro studies on neuronal-like cells treated with the hyperphosphorylating agent forskolin. Pterostilbene, a bioavailable compound found in foods such as blueberries and grapes, may exert neuroprotective effects and could serve as a potential adjunct therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Methods. In this study, we investigated the effects of pterostilbene on neuronal-like cells derived from the human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE cell line, where cell cycle reactivation was induced by forskolin treatment. We analyzed molecular endpoints associated with differentiated versus replicative cell states, specifically the following: (a) the expression of cyclin CCND1, (b) the Ki67 cell proliferation marker, (c) the AT8 nuclear tau epitope, and (d) genome-wide DNA methylation changes. Results. Our findings indicate that pterostilbene exerts distinct effects on the cell division cycle depending on the cellular state, with neuroprotective benefits observed in differentiated neuronal-like cells, but not in cells undergoing induced division. Additionally, pterostilbene alters DNA methylation patterns. Conclusion. These results suggest that pterostilbene may offer neuroprotective advantages for differentiated neuronal-like cells. However, further studies are required to confirm these effects in vivo by examining specific biomarkers in human populations consuming pterostilbene-containing foods.
Broccoli Sprout Extract Suppresses Particulate-Matter-Induced Matrix-Metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 Expression in Human Keratinocytes by Direct Targeting of p38 MAP Kinase
Authors: Yun Jaehyeok , Kim Jong-Eun
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Particulate matter (PM) is an environmental pollutant that negatively affects human health, particularly skin health. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of broccoli sprout extract (BSE) on PM-induced skin aging and inflammation in human keratinocytes. Methods: HaCaT keratinocytes were pretreated with BSE before exposure to PM. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. The expression of skin aging and inflammation markers (MMP-1, COX-2, IL-6) was measured using Western blot, ELISA, and qRT-PCR. Reactive oxygen species levels were determined using the DCF-DA assay. Kinase assays and pull-down assays were conducted to investigate the interaction between BSE and p38α MAPK. Results: Our findings demonstrate that BSE effectively suppressed the expression of MMP-1, COX-2, and IL-6—critical skin aging and inflammation markers—by inhibiting p38 MAPK activity. BSE binds directly to p38α without competing with ATP, thereby selectively inhibiting its activity and downstream signaling pathways, including MSK1/2, AP-1, and NF-κB. Conclusions: These results suggest that BSE is a potential functional ingredient in skincare products to mitigate PM-induced skin damage.
Peanut Shell Extract Improves Markers of Glucose Homeostasis in Diabetic Mice by Modulating Gut Dysbiosis and Suppressing Inflammatory Immune Response
Authors: Bender Matthew , Santos Julianna M. , Dufour Jannette M. , Deshmukh Hemalata , Trasti Scott , Elmassry Moamen M. , Shen Chwan-Li
Published: December 2024

Background/Objective: There is strong evidence that the tripartite interaction between glucose homeostasis, gut microbiota, and the host immune system plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We reported previously that peanut shell extract (PSE) improves mitochondrial function in db/db mice by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, brain, and white adipose tissue. This study evaluated the impacts of PSE supplementation on glucose homeostasis, liver histology, intestinal microbiome composition, and the innate immune response in diabetic mice. Methods: Fourteen db/db mice were randomly assigned to a diabetic group (DM, AIN-93G diet) and a PSE group (1% wt/wt PSE in the AIN-93G diet) for 5 weeks. Six C57BL/6J mice received the AIN-93G diet for 5 weeks (control group). Parameters of glucose homeostasis included serum insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, and the analysis of pancreatic tissues for insulin and glucagon. We assessed the innate immune response in the colon and liver using a microarray. Gut microbiome composition of cecal contents was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results: PSE supplementation improved glucose homeostasis (decreased serum insulin concentration, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B) and reduced hepatic lipidosis in diabetic mice. PSE supplementation reversed DM-induced shifts in the relative abundance of amplicon sequence variants of Enterorhabdus, Staphylococcus, Anaerotruncus, and Akkermansia. Relative to the DM mice, the PSE group had suppressed gene expression levels of Cd8α, Csf2, and Irf23 and increased expression levels of Tyk2, Myd88, and Gusb in the liver. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that PSE supplementation improves T2DM-associated disorders of diabetic mice, in part due to the suppression of innate immune inflammation.
Risky Behaviors for Non-Communicable Diseases: Italian Adolescents’ Food Habits and Physical Activity
Authors: D’Antonio Gaia , Sansone Vincenza , Postiglione Mario , Battista Gaia , Gallè Francesca , Pelullo Concetta Paola , Di Giuseppe Gabriella
Published: December 2024

Background: Driving adolescents to more correct food habits and physical activity is crucial to promoting health and avoiding the increase in morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Literature has focused on these behaviors in the adult population, while studies on adolescents are more limited. This study aims to explore the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding nutrition and physical activity to acquire insight into adolescents and identify the associated predictors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years from public middle and high schools randomly selected in the Campania Region, Southern Italy. A self-administered questionnaire, including closed and open-ended questions, assessed socio-demographic and health-related characteristics, dietary habits, physical activity, and sources of health information. Results: Regarding socio-demographic and health-related characteristics, among 1433 adolescents who completed the survey, the mean age was 15.2 years, 50.5% were boys, 16.8% reported having a non-communicable disease, and 18% were overweight or obese. Multivariate analysis showed that older age, male gender, daily breakfast with at least one parent, higher self-rated knowledge on nutrition, awareness of fruit and vegetables consumption recommendations, correct dietary attitudes (daily breakfast, consumption of fruit and vegetables at least once a day, of legumes at least twice a week, and of carbonated sugary drinks less than once a day), the need for additional dietary information, meeting WHO physical activity recommendations, and less than two hours of daily screen time are determinants of a high quality diet score. Conversely, living with a single family member and current smoking were negatively associated with high quality diet. Older age, male gender, risk of alcohol abuse, higher quality diet, and lower mobile phone use are associated with meeting WHO physical activity recommendations. Since we investigated risky behaviors, potential limitations of this study could include social desirability and recall bias. Conclusions: Many adolescents lead unhealthy lifestyles, but younger adolescents and girls appear to be at higher risk of unhealthy behaviors. Targeted initiatives promoting regular physical activity and balanced diets in schools, involving parents and teachers in a collaborative plan, are essential to improving adolescents’ health and well-being.
Coriandrum sativum L. Leaf Extract Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Modulating the AMPK Pathway in High Fat-Fed C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Gu Min Ji , Ahn Yejin , Lee Yu Ra , Yoo Guijae , Kim Yoonsook , Choi Inwook , Ha Sang Keun , Kim Donghwan
Published: December 2024

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. In recent times, the term NAFLD has been modified to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), reflecting its comprehensive scope encompassing a range of metabolic abnormalities. Coriandrum sativum L. (CS) is a traditional medicine, although the preventive mechanism of CS extracts remains unclear. Objective: This study evaluated the preventive effects of CS in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MASLD mice by oral administration of 100 or 200 mg/kg/day of CS extracts for 12 weeks. Results: The major CS extract compounds were chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, and isoquercetin. The administration of CS extract suppressed HFD-induced weight gain, liver weight, and the liver/body weight ratio. It improved the mice’s serum biological profiles and suppressed HFD-induced lipid droplet and lipid accumulation by inhibiting lipid accumulation-related gene expression in the liver. It modulated HFD-induced Ampk-Srebp1c pathways and suppressed HFD-induced NF-κB pathway activation in the liver. It regulated inflammation and the AMPK alpha signaling pathway in HFD-fed mice by reducing the accumulation of specific amino acids, leading to the amelioration of fatty liver. Conclusions: The CS extract prevents HFD-induced MASLD and may help prevent or treat MASLD.
Correction: Ardizzone et al. Efficacy of a Novel Therapeutic, Based on Natural Ingredients and Probiotics, in a Murine Model of Multiple Food Intolerance and Maldigestion. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2251
Authors: Ardizzone Alessio , Lanza Marika , Casili Giovanna , Campolo Michela , Paterniti Irene , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Esposito Emanuela
Published: December 2024

In the original publication [...]
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Traumatic Injury in the Adult and Immature Brain
Authors: Valero-Hernandez Ester , Tremoleda Jordi L. , Michael-Titus Adina T.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to substantial disability and health loss. Despite its importance and impact worldwide, no treatment options are currently available to help protect or preserve brain structure and function following injury. In this review, we discuss the potential benefits of using omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3 PUFAs) as therapeutic agents in the context of TBI in the paediatric and adult populations. Methods: Preclinical and clinical research reports investigating the effects of O3 PUFA-based interventions on the consequences of TBI were retrieved and reviewed, and the evidence presented and discussed. Results: A range of animal models of TBI, types of injury, and O3 PUFA dosing regimens and administration protocols have been used in different strategies to investigate the effects of O3 PUFAs in TBI. Most evidence comes from preclinical studies, with limited clinical data available thus far. Overall, research indicates that high O3 PUFA levels help lessen the harmful effects of TBI by reducing tissue damage and cell loss, decreasing associated neuroinflammation and the immune response, which in turn moderates the severity of the associated neurological dysfunction. Conclusions: Data from the studies reviewed here indicate that O3 PUFAs could substantially alleviate the impact of traumatic injuries in the central nervous system, protect structure and help restore function in both the immature and adult brains.
Mechanisms Mediating Tart Cherry and Fish Oil Metabolic Effects in Diet-Induced (C57BL/6J) and Genetically (TALYHO/Jng) Obese Mice
Authors: Seifishahpar Maryam , Kim Jung Han , Parkman Jacaline K. , Rhode Ana , Menikdiwela Kalhara , Zu Yujiao , Scoggin Shane , Freeman Logan , Kalupahana Nishan Sudheera , Moustaid-Moussa Naima
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Obesity is a major public health concern that increases the risk of chronic diseases. In obesity, adipose tissue undergoes remodeling, which is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and disruption of its homeostatic mechanisms including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function and autophagy. Fish oil (FO) and tart cherry (TC) have known anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that while TC and FO individually decrease inflammation, their combined effects will be greater and will be either synergistic or additive in regulating inflammation and other adipose tissue functions. Methods: Here, we conducted gene expression analyses, using qRT-PCR, on gonadal white adipose tissues from a previous study where male and female C57BL/6J (B6) and TALLYHO/Jng (TH) mice were fed low fat (LF), high fat (HF), or HF diets supplemented with TC, FO, or TC + FO for 14 weeks from weaning. Data was statistically analyzed by one or two-way ANOVA, using GraphPad Prism. Results: HF diet increased adiposity and upregulated markers of inflammation, ER stress, and autophagy compared to the LF diet in both mouse models. While both TC and FO supplementation individually reduced the expression of inflammatory, ER stress, and autophagy markers on HF diet, their combination showed no consistent additive or synergistic effects. Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that although TC and FO effectively mitigate inflammation in white adipose tissue, their combined use did not result in synergistic or additive effects of the two interventions.
Vegetarian Nutrition in Health Improvement
Authors: Rizzo Gianluca , Baroni Luciana
Published: December 2024

There is a growing interest in vegetarian diets among the world population, and this has implications for public health [...]
Pandemic-Proofing: Intercepting Zoonotic Spillover Events
Authors: Bhatia Bharti , Sonar Sudipta , Khan Seema , Bhattacharya Jayanta
Published: December 2024

Zoonotic spillover events pose a significant and growing threat to global health. By focusing on preventing these cross-species transmissions, we can significantly mitigate pandemic risks. This review aims to analyze the mechanisms of zoonotic spillover events, identify key risk factors, and propose evidence-based prevention strategies to reduce future pandemic threats. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of major databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from 1960–2024, we examined documented spillover events, their outcomes, and intervention strategies. This article emphasizes that targeting the root cause—the spillover event itself—is key to averting future pandemics. By analyzing historical and contemporary outbreaks, we extract crucial insights into the dynamics of zoonotic transmission. Factors underlying these events include increased human–animal contact due to habitat encroachment, agricultural intensification, and wildlife trade. Climate change, global travel, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure exacerbate risks. The diversity of potential viral reservoirs and rapid viral evolution present major challenges for prediction and prevention. Solutions include enhancing surveillance of wildlife populations, improving biosecurity measures, investing in diagnostic capabilities, and promoting sustainable wildlife management. A “One Health” approach integrating human, animal, and environmental health is crucial. Predictive modelling, international cooperation, and public education are key strategies. Developing pre-exposure prophylactics and post-exposure treatments is essential for mitigating outbreaks. While obstacles remain, advances in genomics and ecological modelling offer hope. A proactive, comprehensive approach addressing the root causes of spillover events is vital for safeguarding global health against future pandemics.
Documentary Analysis of Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort) and Its Effect on Depressive Disorders
Authors: Otero María Carolina , Ceric Francisco , Miranda-Rojas Sebastián , Carreño Carolina , Escares Rachelly , Escobar María José , Saracini Chiara , Atala Cristian , Ramírez-Barrantes Ricardo , Gordillo-Fuenzalida Felipe
Published: December 2024

Hypericum perforatum, also known as St. John’s Wort, pericon, or yellow grass, is known for its antidepressant potential. It could represent a natural alternative to current pharmacological antidepressant treatments, which have a high incidence of side effects in patients and therefore lead to early dropouts. Through a bibliographic revision of clinical trials and information collected from scientific articles during the first period of 2020, we aimed to evaluate whether its administration could be beneficial in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression, with fewer side effects compared to synthetic drugs. Among the main components, hypericin and hyperforin have been related to the observed antidepressant activity; therefore, their possible mechanism of action was reviewed and highlighted. Furthermore, patients receiving Hypericum extracts were less likely to withdraw from studies because of adverse effects compared to those receiving older standard antidepressants. This review aims to provide suggestions for an alternative treatment of mild-to-moderate depression disorder under the supervision of a medical doctor, since, although it appears to be a potentially efficient treatment with a low presence of adverse effects in comparison to synthetic antidepressants, it might also interact with other medications and lead to therapeutic failures if misused for self-medication.
Advances in Infrared Detectors for In-Memory Sensing and Computing
Authors: Feng Weibo , Qin Tianling , Tang Xin
Published: December 2024

In-memory sensing and computing devices integrate the functionalities of sensors, memory, and processors, offering advantages such as low power consumption, high bandwidth, and zero latency, making them particularly suitable for simulating synaptic behavior in biological neural networks. As the pace of digital transformation accelerates, the demand for efficient information processing technologies is increasing, and in-memory sensing and computing devices show great potential in AI, machine learning, and edge computing. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of infrared detector technology, infrared in-memory sensing and computing devices have also seen new opportunities for development. This article reviews the latest research progress in infrared in-memory sensing and computing devices. It first introduces the working principles and performance metrics of in-memory sensing and computing devices, then discusses in detail transistors and memristor-type devices with infrared band response, and finally looks forward to the development prospects of the field. Through innovation in new semiconductor materials and structures, the development trajectory of infrared in-memory sensing and computing devices has been significantly expanded, providing new impetus for the development of a new generation of information technology.
Exogenous Trilobatin Enhances Flavonoid Content in Purple Rice Grains and Affects the Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway
Authors: Xiong Qiangqiang , Wu Han , Wang Runnan , Tang Siqi , Luo Haihua
Published: December 2024

Antioxidant activity and flavonoid content are important characteristics of colored rice grains. Previously, we obtained a preliminary understanding of the metabolic markers of antioxidant activity, namely, phlorizin and trilobatin, in different colored rice varieties and purple rice grains at different growth stages, but the mechanisms associated with these markers have not yet been confirmed. In this study, purple rice was selected as the experimental material, and clover extract was applied during the grain-filling stage to explore the impact of clover extract on the total antioxidant capacity and flavonoid biosynthesis in purple rice grains. The results indicated that the total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, oligomeric proanthocyanidin content, and total antioxidant capacity of purple rice grains treated with an exogenous application of trilobatin (T30) were significantly greater than those of the control (CK). The flavonoids in the T30 and CK groups accounted for 29.81% of the total flavonoids. The phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis metabolic pathways were constructed on the basis of the differentially abundant metabolites between the T30 and CK groups. Additionally, 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose, coniferaldehyde, 6″-acetylapiin, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside were determined to be essential metabolites for trilobatin-mediated flavonoid biosynthesis in purple rice. The correlation network diagram between biochemical indexes and metabolites revealed that 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose, coniferaldehyde, 6″-acetylapiin, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside were important metabolites. This study provides a scientific basis for improving the nutritional quality of rice grains and understanding the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.
Genome-Wide Identification of the GPAT Family in Medicago sativa L. and Expression Profiling Under Abiotic Stress
Authors: Ma Jianzhi , Du Mingyang , Xiong Huiyan , Duan Ruijun
Published: December 2024

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), as a rate-limiting enzyme engaged in lipid synthesis pathways, exerts an important role in plant growth and development as well as environmental adaptation throughout diverse growth stages. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most significant leguminous forages globally; however, its growth process is frequently exposed to environmental stress, giving rise to issues such as impeded growth and decreased yield. At present, the comprehension of the GPAT genes in alfalfa and their reactions to abiotic stresses is conspicuously deficient. This study identified 15 GPATs from the genome of “Zhongmu No. 1” alfalfa, which were phylogenetically categorized into three major groups (Groups I ~ III). Furthermore, Group III is further subdivided into three distinct subgroups. MsGPATs belonging to the same subfamily exhibited similar protein conserved motifs and gene structural characteristics, in which groups with simple conserved motifs had more complex gene structures. A multitude of regulatory cis-elements pertinent to hormones and responses to environmental stress were detected in their promoter regions. In addition, a spatial–temporal expression analysis showed that MsGPATs have significant tissue specificity. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis of ABA treatment and the qRT-PCR results under drought, salt, and cold stress demonstrated that the majority of MsGPATs respond to abiotic stress with pronounced timely characteristics. It was also ascertained that these GPAT genes might assume a crucial role in salt and drought stress. This research can further constitute a fundamental basis for the exploration of the alfalfa GPAT family, the screening of key GPATs, and the investigation of their functionalities.