bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEBIJAKAN RUANG PUBLIK PEREMPUAN DI SAUDI ARABIA: Benarkah Sebuah Agenda Politik Double Interest?
Authors: Roji Fatkhur
Published: August 2019

The emergence of the Saudi government's policy of allowing women to drive alone these days has become an interesting phenomenon to be examined, since before they forbid women to drive without a mahram. Since the appointment of the crown prince Salman bin Abdul Aziz, the Saudi government appears more dynamic and moderate. This new policy is in place to promote the development of the country with and to give women the right to participate freely in it. Observers see this as a political agenda of government, where with the political interest is expected Saudi Arabia can compete in the increasingly tight global economic competition. This article examines the policies of the Saudi Arabian government thoroughly from a social, economic, and political standpoint.

Munculnya kebijakan pemerintahan Saudi Arabia yang membolehkan perempuan untuk berkendara sendiri akhir-akhir ini menjadi fenomena yang menarik untuk diteliti, sebab sebelumnya mereka melarang perempuan berkendara tanpa mahram. Semenjak diangkatnya putera mahkota Salman bin Abdul Aziz, pemerintahan Saudi tampil lebih dinamis dan moderat. Kebijakan baru ini diberlakukan untuk meningkatkan perkembangan negara dengan dan untuk memberikan hak terhadap perempuan agar dapat berperan bebas di dalamnya. Para pengamat melihat ini sebagai agenda politik pemerintahan, dimana dengan kepentingan politik tersebut diharapkan Saudi Arabia dapat ikut bersaing dalam kompetisi ekonomi global yang semakin ketat. Artikel ini mengamati kebijakan pemerintah Saudi Arabia ini secara menyeluruh dari sudut pandang sosial, ekonomi, dan politik.
Pemikiran Al-Khawarizmi dalam Meletakkan Dasar Pengembangan Ilmu Astronomi Islam
Authors: Mulyadi Achmad
Published: August 2019

The progress of Islamic civilization is inseparable from the influence of the emergence and rapid development of Islamic astronomy. Islam leads the world civilization and breaks the record as the longest-running civilization lasting more than 14 centuries. At this time, astronomical activities in the Islamic world began to develop intensively. This condition cannot be separated from the role of al-Khwarizmi who made a very valuable contribution. The construction of his thinking which was based on mathematical astronomy made him the foundation of the development of Islamic astronomy, in addition to its development of the geocentric theory of Aristotle and Ptolemy. This is the real contribution of al-Khwarizmi that is very large and fundamental in the heyday of medieval Islam which eventually became the starting point of the scientific development and subsequent Muslim astronomers to date. The emergence of various observatories and planetariums which made observations with more modern tools finally gave birth to many new theories in the study of world astronomy. This study explores al-Khwarizmi's role in the growth and development of astronomy in his time to the present.
Kaidah Fiqh dan Ushul Fiqh Tentang Produk Halal, Metode Istinbath dan Ijtihad dalam Menetapkan Hukum Produk Halal
Authors: Wijayanti Ratna , Meftahudin M
Published: August 2019

The purpose of the discovery of Islamic law must be understood by the mujtahid in order to develop legal thinking in Islam in general and answer contemporary legal issues whose cases are not explicitly regulated by the Koran and Hadith, especially those related to the field of muamalah. In reviewing the matter to be determined by law, the Indonesian Ulema Council Fatwa Commission is based on the Qur'an and Sunnah as its main source. In this context, there are several methods used by the Indonesian Ulema Council Fatwa Commission. First, every Fatwa Decree must have a basis on the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of the Apostle that is not bad, and not contrary to the benefit of the people. Second, if it is not found in the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of the Apostles, the Fatwa Decree should not contradict ijma ', qiyas that mu'tabar, and other legal arguments, such as ihtisan, maslahah mursalah, and saddu al-dzari'ah. Third, before making a decision before deciding on a fatwa, it must first be carefully studied for each problem presented to the MUI at least a week before the trial. If the problem is clear the law (qath'iy) let the commission convey it as it is, and the fatwa will fall after the text is known from the Koran and the Sunnah. Whereas in the case of khilafiyah occurring among the schools of thought, what is stated is the result of tarjih after observing the jurisprudence of muqaran (comparison) using the rules of ushul fiqh muqaran related to scholarship.
Endüstriyel Ham Madde Atıklarının Dolgu Malzemesi Olarak Kullanılabilirliği
Authors: KARAKILÇIK Gül , TÜRKMEN Sedat
Published: August 2019

Son yıllarda ekonomik ve teknolojik gelişmelere paralel olarak, endüstriyel katı atıkların miktarı ve çeşidi giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, endüstriyel katı atıkların değerlendirilmesi, ham madde olarak yeniden kullanılması ve tekrar ekonomiye kazandırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, cam ham madde atığı (şlam) belli oranlarda kil malzemeyle karıştırılmış ve dolgu malzemesi olarak kullanılabilirliği değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca uçucu külün, kil malzemeyle karıştırılması sonucu elde edilen özellikler özetlenmiştir.  Mersin İli, Akdeniz İlçesi, Sarıibrahimli Mahallesi bölgesinde bulunan Trakya Cam Fabrikası’na ait cam ham madde atığı (şlam) malzemesi, yine aynı bölgede yer alan ÇİMSA çimento ham maddesi ve Yumurtalık İsken Fabrikası’ndan çıkan uçucu kül malzemesi bu makalenin çalışma konusunu oluşturmaktadır.
Experimental Investigation of Stretchability and Bendability Characterization of AISI 1020 Steel
Authors: KAHRAMAN Funda , KÜLEKCİ Mustafa Kemal , KÜÇÜK Mehmet
Published: August 2019

In this study formability of AISI 1020 steel sheet with different thicknesses was investigated by limiting dome height test at room temperature. The influence of thickness on the stretchability, bendability characteristics and dome height for AISI 1020 steel sheets had been identified from experimental data. Increase in the thickness enhanced stretchability, bendability characteristics and dome height values. Results of experiments indicate that AISI 1020 steel sheets can be used to product components with manufacturing processes based on bending and stretching. 
Indirect Transportation Cost in the border crossing process: The United States–Mexico trade
Authors: Figueroa Ortiz Carlos Obed
Published: August 2019

Using a Social Accounting Matrix as database, a Computable General Equilibrium model is implemented in order to estimate the Indirect Transportations Costs (ITC) present in the border crossing for the U.S.–Mexico bilateral trade. Here, an “iceberg–type” transportation function is assumed to determine the amount of loss that must be faced as a result of border crossing process through the ports of entry existing between the two countries. The study period covers annual data from 1995 to 2009 allowing the analysis of the trend of these costs considering the trade liberalisation that is experienced. Results show that the ITC have experienced a decrease of 12% during the period.Test
Absenteísmo por causa médica e odontológica em empresa de serviços gráficos e de informação
Authors: Barros Andréia Moreira de Souza , Cagnani Adriana , Sousa Luciana Luz Araújo de , Zanin Luciane , Francesquini Júnior Luiz , Martão Flávia Flório
Published: August 2019

Saúde do trabalhador; Absenteísmo; Atestado de saúde.
Avaliação da assistência em saúde num centro de atenção psicossocial na perspectiva dos profissionais
Authors: Azevedo Dulcian Medeiros de , Oliveira Andrêza Maria de , Melo Gabriela de Sousa Martins , Salvetti Marina de Góes , Vasconcelos Quinidia Lúcia Duarte de Almeida Quithé , Torres Gilson de Vasconcelos
Published: August 2019

Avaliação de serviços de saúde; Serviços de saúde mental; Recursos humanos em saúde; Saúde mental.
Odontogeriatria: perfil farmacológico de uma população de idosos de interesse para Odontologia
Authors: Barbosa Patricia da Silva , Ribeiro Marco Aurélio , Souza Martha Aparecida Camilo Alves de , Duarte Danilo Antônio , Sant’ Anna Giselle Rodrigues de
Published: August 2019

Farmacologia, Preparações farmacêuticas, Odontologia
Participação da família no tratamento dos usuários do centro de atenção psicossocial de álcool e outras drogas
Authors: Silva Bruna Larissa Cordeiro e , Araújo Alecsonia Pereira , Carvalho Rafael Nicolau , Azevedo Elisangela Braga de , Moraes Marina Nascimento de , Queiroz Daiane de
Published: August 2019

Família, Alcoolismo, Anomalias Induzidas por Drogas.
Avaliação de um protocolo educativo materno sobre parâmetros biológicos de saúde bucal infantil
Authors: Barbosa Rodrigo Walter , Neto Edson Theodoro dos Santos , Zandonade Eliana , Oliveira Adauto Emmerich
Published: August 2019

Odontologia preventiva; Arcada osseodentária; Educação emsaúde bucal
Avaliação sobre os conhecimentos ergonômicos de estudantes do Curso de Enfermagem
Authors: Soares Marcela Maris Madeira Lana , Takeda Elisabete , Pinheiro Osni Lázaro
Published: August 2019

Doenças profissionais; Ergonomia; Prevenção de doenças;Educação em Enfermagem
Anemia ferropriva, enteroparasitoses e esgotamento sanitário
Authors: Nunes Xenusa Pereira , Almeida Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva , Nunes Xirley Pereira
Published: August 2019

Anemia ferropriva; Interações hospedeiro-parasita; Resíduos sólidos.
Excesso de peso e fatores associados: estudo populacional no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Dell Agnolo Cátia Millene , Gravena Angela Andréia França , Lopes Tiara Cristina Romeiro , Rocha-Brischiliari Sheila Cristina , Carvalho Maria Dalva de Barros , Pelloso Sandra Marisa , Di Montigny Francine , Cyr Caroline
Published: August 2019

Prevalência; obesidade; sobrepeso; fatores de risco.
Tendência da Mortalidade Neonatal na Macrorregião do Jequitinhonha, 2000 a 2011
Authors: Corassa Rafael Bello , Alves Paula Aryane Brito , Rodrigues Adeline Conceição , Machado Geralda Vanessa Campos
Published: August 2019

Mortalidade Neonatal; Mortalidade Infantil; Estudos de Séries Temporais.
Circulating Exosomes and Their Role in Stroke
Authors: Jafarzadeh-Esfehani Reza , Soudyab Mohammad , Parizadeh Seyed Mostafa , Jaripoor Mohammad Ehsan , Nejad Payam Sasan , Shariati Mohammad , Nabavi Ariane Sadr
Published: August 2019

Stroke is an acute neurologic disorder which can be life-threatening if left untreated or diagnosed
late. Various detecting techniques including neurologic imaging of the brain by computed
tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can facilitate diagnosis of stroke. However, according to
the recent advances in molecular detection techniques, new diagnostic and prognostic markers have
emerged. Exosomes as an extra cellar particle are one of these markers which can have useful diagnostic,
prognostic, and even therapeutic impact after stroke. We have previously discussed the role of
exosomes in cardiovascular disease and in the present review we focus on the most common cerebrovascular
disease. The aim of the present review is summarizing the recent diagnostic role of
exosomes which are specifically secreted during a stroke and can guide clinicians to better diagnosis
of stroke.
Type 2 Diabetes Risk Among University Students in Malaysia
Authors: Aris Aishairma , Khalid Mohd Zulhilmy Md , Yahaya Hasnah , Yoong Lee Onn , Ying Ng Qiu
Published: August 2019

Background::

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a preventable condition. Targeting those who are at
risk of getting this disease is essential.

Objective::

To examine T2D risk among university students in Malaysia and determine its relationship
with socio-demographic characteristics and physical activity.

Methods::

The study was conducted cross-sectionally on 390 students selected using quota sampling
method from 13 faculties in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. A short form of the International Physical
Activity Questionnaire and Finnish Diabetes Risk Score were used to measure the physical activity and
T2D risk.

Results::

The T2D risk was found to be low (M = 5.23, SD = 3.32) with more than two-third of the student
population at the low risk level while a significant proportion of 23.8%, 5.6% and 0.3% having
slightly elevated, moderate and high risk respectively. The T2D risk was significantly related to their
age (rho = 0.197, p < 0.000), gender (U = 12641, p = 0.011), ethnic group (Χ2 = 18.86, p < 0.000),
marital status (Χ2 = 6.597, p = 0.037), residence (U = 10345, p = 0.008), academic year (Χ2 = 14.24, p =
0.007) and physical activity (rho = -0.205, p < 0.000 and Χ2 = 13.515, p = 0.001). Of these, only age
(β=0.130) and physical activity (β=-0.159) remained significant in the regression analysis.

Conclusion::

The findings call for a radical change in the nursing practice to target the amendable factors
that are significant in order to prevent the progression of the risk towards type 2 diabetes.
Comparison of Sertraline with Rifampin in the treatment of Cholestatic Pruritus: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ataei Sara , Kord Leila , Larki Amir , Yasrebifar Fatemeh , Mehrpooya Maryam , Seyedtabib Maryam , Hasanzarrini Maryam
Published: August 2019

Background:

Pruritus is one of the most common and disabling symptoms of liver disease
such as Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Cholestyramine, rifampin,
opioid antagonists, antihistaminic agents and SSRIs are used for the management of pruritus. Due to
rifampin drug interactions as well as its serious side effects such as hepatotoxicity, clinicians are endeavoruing
to find a safer and a more effective substitution.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of sertraline with rifampin
in the management of cholestatic pruritus.

Methods:

In a single-blinded randomized clinical trial a total of 36 patients of PSC and PBC were
divided into two equal groups, one group received 100 mg/day sertraline and the other group received
rifampin 300 mg/day for 4 weeks. Visual analog scale was used to record pruritus severity at
baseline and 4 weeks after drug intervention, also, ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin of all patients
were measured at three different time points.

Results:

Over the follow-up period, pruritus had relieved in both groups, but there was no significant
differences between sertraline and rifampin in pruritus management (pvalue=0.740), also there was no
significant difference between the two intervention strategies (A versus B) in total bilirubin level
(pvalue=0.106). Moreover, the ALT, AST and ALP levels were found to be significantly different between
the two groups (Pvalue˂0.01).

Conclusion:

There is no difference between sertraline and rifampin in pruritus improvement, but sertraline
has less adverse effects on hepatobiliary enzyme levels, so it seems to be safer than rifampin.
Melatonin Improves Erythropoietin Hyporesponsiveness via Suppression of Inflammation
Authors: Hameed Evan Noori , Hadi AL Tukmagi Haydar F. , Allami Hayder Ch Assad
Published: August 2019

Background:

Inadequate response to Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents (ESA) despite using
relatively larger doses regimen represents a potential risk factor of Cardiovascular (CV) related
mortality in addition to health-care economic problems in anemic patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
(CKD). Erythropoietin (EPO) hyporesponsiveness related to inflammation has been increased
progressively. Melatonin is well known as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Therefore, the current
study was designed to evaluate whether melatonin could improve anemic patients response to EPO.

Methods:

This single controlled clinical study was carried out in 41 CKD patients with hemoglobin
(Hb) levels less than 11g/dl divided randomly in a 1:1 ratio into 2 groups; treatment group who received
5mg melatonin plus their regular treatments and control group who received their regular
treatments only. Hematological and iron status parameters include Hb level, serum iron (S. iron),
Transferrin Saturation Ratio (TSAT) and serum ferritin (S. ferritin) in addition to inflammatory parameters
that include tissue necrotic factor alfa (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6
(IL-6) determined before and after 12 weeks of treatment.

Results:

Melatonin remarkably increases the Hb level with a significant increase in S. iron and TSAT
compared to baseline. The elevation of S. iron and TSAT was significantly higher in the melatonin
group. Additionally, all inflammatory markers estimated were reduced significantly by melatonin
compared to base line and control group.

Conclusion:

The results of the current study showed that melatonin has an advantageous effect on
improving EPO response in anemic patients with CKD.
Production and Characterization of L-Asparaginases of Streptomyces Isolated from the Arauca Riverbank (Colombia)
Authors: Arévalo-Tristancho Estefanía , Díaz Luis E. , Cortázar Jorge E. , Valero Manuel F.
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

L-asparaginase, is known as an anti-cancer agent, mainly used in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which prevents the proliferation of tumor cells. This study shows that there are unexplored regions in Colombia that can be sources of obtaining this enzyme and that the optimization of the production of L-asparaginase from native isolates can be determined in the search for alternatives to commercial drugs.

Materials and Methods:

Selection and identification ofStreptomycesamongActinobacteriaisolated from the Arauca riverbank for L-asparaginase producers are described. In addition, the effect of carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, temperature and agitation rate are studied for L-asparaginase activity in liquid culture using Plackett-Burman design and Taguchi methodology. Kinetic characterization of a purified L-asparaginase and its cytotoxic potential are evaluated too.

Results:

Seven of seventy-eight actinobacterial strains were selected as L-asparaginase producingStreptomycesshowing a high L-asparaginase/L-glutaminase ratio in liquid culture with lactose as substrate. The strain 112 identified asStreptomyces lacticiproducenswas chosen for L-asparaginase production at these culture conditions: lactose 0.25%, L-asparagine 0,015%, malt extract 0,015%, pH 7.36, 32°C and 130 rpm. Enzymatic studies of the purified L-asparaginase showed that the optimal pH and temperature were 6 and 37.5°C, respectively. This purified enzyme had an IC50of 36.74 µg/mL on THP-1 cells.

Conclusion:

S. lacticiproducensisolated from the Arauca riverbank is a new source for the production of a high activity L-asparaginase, creating expectation of its availability as a drug for the acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment.
An Ethnomedicinal Survey of Indigenous Knowledge on Medicinal Plants in the Traditional Authority Chikowi in Zomba, Malawi
Authors: Chikowe Ibrahim , Mnyenyembe Moira , Jere Stuart , Mtewa Andrew G. , Mponda John , Lampiao Fanuel
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Medicinal plants and ethnomedicinal studies continue playing a
significant role in herbal products development and traditional knowledge conservation.
Calls for ethnomedicinal studies have increased recently to unleash the potential in medicinal
plants and document verbal traditional knowledge. This study recorded the medicinal plants
administered by traditional practitioners in the Traditional Authority Chikowi area of Zomba
district in Malawi.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study was conducted for 2 weeks in September 2017.
Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to traditional medicine practitioners using
snowball sampling in the company of botany personnel from the National Herbarium and
Botanical Gardens (NHBG). Data collected included plant local names, medicinal uses, parts
used, preparation methods and administration methods to clients. Some species were photographed
and identified in the field by the NHBG officers.

Results:

Five traditional practitioners were interviewed. Fifty-nine medicinal plant species
belonging to 38 families were used as prophylaxis and treatment for 27 communicable and
non-communicable diseases/conditions. Fabaceae family (papilionoideae 11.9%, mimosoideae
5.1%, caesalpinioideae 1.7%) had the largest percentage of species (18.6%). Preparation
methods ranged from infusion (38.0%) to cream (2.0%). Of these, 86.0%, 12.0% and
2.0% were administered orally, topically and rectally respectively. Roots were the most used
part (60.8%) while the least used was flowers (1.3%). Nearly two-thirds were trees or shrubs
(32.2% each).

Conclusion:

The area has a rich biodiversity of medicinal plant species and knowledge scientists
can use as a baseline for identification of plant species, bioactive compounds and
preparations with useful medicinal properties.
The Formation of Manganous Dithionate in the Manganese Oxide Flue Gas Desulfurization
Authors: Pu Pengyan , Yang Lin , Yao Lu , Jiang Xia , Jiang Wenju
Published: August 2019

Background & Objective:

The Manganous Dithionate (MnS2O6, MD) was formed during the flue gas desulfurization process over manganese ore slurry, which impeded the
following valuable using of the desulfurized lixivium. In this study, the MD formation and
restraint in the desulfurization process using manganese was carefully investigated.

Methods & Results:

Different type of manganese oxides/carbonate was used for the flue gas
desulfurization, and the MD formation with the process was detected to obtain the basic information
of the MD formation and restraint. The MD was directly formed by the uncompleted
oxidation of SO2 with MnO2. The increased MD formation by Mn2O3, Mn3O4 and
MnCO3 was due to their influence on the pH of slurry. Processability study showed that an
increase in the acidity of slurry, the gaseous oxygen content and reaction temperature could
inhibit the MD formation effectively. The optimum operating conditions to restrain the MD
formation were temperature higher than 60°C, 10% or more oxygen and slurry pH lower
than 3. The formed MD content was different with the different manganese compounds,
which cloud be controlled by the ore-proportioning in industrial application.

Conclusion:

Using anolyte to prepare the manganese slurry for desulfurization could perform
a good MD formation restraint, which provided valuable technical support for the
cleaner production of electrolytic manganese industry.
Postinjury Complications: Retrospective Study of Causative Factors
Authors: Warnack Elizabeth , Pachter Hersch Leon , Choi Beatrix , DiMaggio Charles , Frangos Spiros , Klein Michael , Bukur Marko
Published: August 2019

Background

Injury care involves the complex interaction of patient, physician, and environment that impacts patient complications, level of harm, and failure to rescue (FTR). FTR represents the likelihood of a hospital to be unable to rescue patients from death after in-hospital complications.

Objective

This study aimed to hypothesize that error type and number of errors contribute to increased level of harm and FTR.

Methods

Patient information was abstracted from weekly trauma performance improvement (PI) records (from January 1, 2016, to July 19, 2017), where trauma surgeons determined the level of harm and identified the factors associated with complications. Level of harm was determined by definitions set forth by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Logistic regression was used to determine the impact of individual factors on FTR and level of harm, controlling for age, gender, Charlson score, injury severity score (ISS), error (in diagnosis, technique, or judgment), delay (in diagnosis or intervention), and need for surgery.

Results

A total of 2216 trauma patients presented during the study period. Of 2216 patients, 224 (224/2216, 10.10 %) had complications reported at PI meetings; of these, 31 patients (31/224, 13.8 %) had FTR. PI patients were more likely to be older (mean age 51.3 years, SE 1.58, vs 46.5 years, SE 0.51; P=.008) and have higher ISS (median 22 vs 8; P<.001), compared with patients without complications. Physician-attributable errors (odds ratio [OR] 2.82; P=.001), most commonly errors in technique, and nature of injury (OR 1.91; P=.01) were associated with higher levels of harm, whereas delays in diagnosis or intervention were not. Each additional factor involved increased level of harm (OR 2.09; P<.001) and nearly doubled likelihood of FTR (OR 1.95; P=.01).

Conclusions

Physician-attributable errors in diagnosis, technique, or judgment are more strongly correlated with harm than delays in diagnosis and intervention. Increasing number of errors identified in patient care correlates with an increasing level of harm and FTR.
Tackling Research Inefficiency in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Illustrative Review (Preprint)
Authors: Khan Danyal Zaman , Khan Muhammad Shuaib , Kotter Mark RN , Davies Benjamin Marshall
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is widely accepted as the most common cause of adult myelopathy worldwide. Despite this, there is no specific term or diagnostic criteria in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision and no Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) or an equivalent in common literature databases. This makes searching the literature and thus conducting systematic reviews or meta-analyses imprecise and inefficient. Efficient research synthesis is integral to delivering evidence-based medicine and improving research efficiency.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to illustrate the difficulties encountered when attempting to carry out a comprehensive and accurate evidence search in the field of DCM by identifying the key sources of imprecision and quantifying their impact.

METHODS

To identify the key sources of imprecision and quantify their impact, an illustrative search strategy was developed using a validated DCM hedge combined with contemporary strategies used by authors in previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This strategy was applied to Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) databases looking for relevant DCM systematic reviews and meta-analyses published within the last 5 years.

RESULTS

The MEDLINE via PubMed search strategy returned 24,166 results, refined to 534 papers after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 32.96% (176/534) results were about DCM, and 18.16% (97/534) of these were DCM systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Non-DCM results were organized into imprecision categories (spinal: 268/534, 50.2%; nonspinal: 84/534, 15.5%; and nonhuman: 8/534, 1.5%). The largest categories were spinal cord injury (75/534, 13.67%), spinal neoplasms (44/534, 8.24%), infectious diseases of the spine and central nervous system (18/534, 3.37%), and other spinal levels (ie, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral; 18/534, 3.37%). Counterintuitively, the use of human and adult PubMed filters was found to exclude a large number of relevant articles. Searching a second database (EMBASE) added an extra 12 DCM systematic reviews or meta-analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

DCM search strategies face significant imprecision, principally because of overlapping and heterogenous search terms, and inaccurate article indexing. Notably, commonly employed MEDLINE filters, human and adult, reduced search sensitivity, whereas the related articles function and the use of a second database (EMBASE) improved it. Development of a MeSH labeling and a standardized DCM definition would allow comprehensive and specific indexing of DCM literature. This is required to support a more efficient research synthesis.
Gender and Leadership Style in Nigeria’s Secondary Schools
Authors: , Ph.D. Olayinka Reis , Hope, Ph.D. Warren C.
Published: August 2019

Historically, leadership in Nigeria has been construed to be a male province based on African culture and tradition. As a result of this longstanding convention, females in leadership roles including education are subjected to different standards, which in effect constitute an effort to cast doubt on their ability and credibility. However, the past few decades have witnessed a change in leadership perspectives as many females now occupy supervisory positions. This study utilized survey research to examine leadership practices of male and female principals at the secondary school level in Nigeria in order to ascertain if there are differences in leadership styles. The sample was comprised of 303 teachers, 156 females and 147 males, and 24 principals, 12 females and 12 males. Six hypotheses were tested. The independent t and Mann-Whitney tests were utilized for analyses. Results were mixed as testing gave no significant difference with regard to two leadership dimensions and significant differences existed for four leadership dimensions.
A MONOTONGAÇÃO DO DITONGO ORAL DECRESCENTE [ej] EM PORTO ALEGRE
Authors: Toledo Eduardo Elisalde
Published: August 2019

No Português Brasileiro, os ditongos orais decrescentes [ej], [aj] e [ow] podem sofrer a aplicação de uma regra variável de apagamento dos glides [j] e [w], como em peixe~pexe, caixa~caxa e ouro~oro. Nossa pesquisa busca descrever o ditongo [ej] do ponto de vista da Teoria da Variação e da Teoria Fonológica. Para isso, selecionamos uma amostra de 14 informantes da cidade de Porto Alegre (RS) do banco de dados do Projeto NURC, entrevistados nos anos 1970 e recontatados em meados dos anos 1990 pelo Projeto VARSUL.
GRAUS DE FIXAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE DE CONSTRUÇÕES DO LÉXICO MILITAR
Authors: Pacheco Sabrina Araújo
Published: August 2019

A identificação e a interpretação de unidades feseológicas são grandes desafios no estudo de um léxico. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar construções formadas por uma estrutura verbal e um termo em regulamentos do Exército Brasileiro, bem como submetê-las aos testes sintáticos propostos por Gross (1996) para comprovar seus graus de fixação e verificar se podem ser consideradas unidades fraseológicas especializadas. Empregamos testes desenvolvidos para expressões da língua comum no reconhecimento de unidades militares, porque entendemos, assim como Cabré (2006), que termos e construções linguísticas especializadas devem ser analisadas e descritas como itens lexicais, pois, de acordo com a Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia, eles fazem parte da língua geral e somente adquirem valor especializado por condições discursivas e pragmáticas.
ELEMENTOS DE ESTRESSE NA PRÁTICA TRADUTÓRIA DE NOVATOS E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NOS COMPONENTES LINGUÍSTICO-TERMINOLÓGICOS DO TEXTO
Authors: Gonçalves Fabiano Bruno
Published: August 2019

Neste trabalho, apresentamos nossa proposta inicial de pesquisa: cremos que um tradutor novato deva ter bons instrumentos cognitivos para mobilizar recursos e habilidades como atenção, atitudes e tomadas de decisões para seu trabalho; deve conseguir gerenciar seu estresse para ter uma produção que pelo menos atinja as expectativas de quem o contrata. Graças à multiplicidade de assuntos, terminologias e responsabilidades, há esgotamento. Intentamos descrever o problema, equacioná-lo e apontar alternativas parciais para a formação desses profissionais, atendendo, assim, mais atentamente, às exigências do mercado. No que segue, há uma proposta de reformulação ad hoc do modelo holístico de PACTE com relação à prática de tradutores novatos. Neste contexto, nossa atenção recai sobre o aspecto textual da (T/t)erminologia.
MEMÓRIA, IRONIA E LÚDICO EM “AUTO-RETRATO”, DE MANUEL BANDEIRA
Authors: Aparecida da Costa Daniela
Published: August 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma análise do poema “Auto-Retrato”, de Manuel Bandeira, que faz parte da obra Mafuá do Malungo, publicada em 1948. O intuito é mostrar que, nesse poema, a construção do retrato que o poeta realiza de si mesmo e de sua obra se faz por meio de um jogo irônico, em que memória e saber poético se mesclam na construção de uma poética singular e de uma auto-caricatura do poeta. Esse estudo se faz partindo do texto literário em questão, das memórias, da correspondência do poeta com o amigo e também poeta João Cabral de Melo Neto, do Itinerário de Pasárgada e dos textos teóricos presentes na bibliografia.
AUGUSTO DOS ANJOS: POETRY, PAIN AND A HEIGHTENED AWARENESS OF BEING
Authors: Pinheiro Machado Roberto
Published: August 2019

Este artigo propõe uma leitura intertextual entre a obra do poeta brasileiro Augusto dos Anjos e alguns textos selecionados da filosofia existencialista do século XX. O tema da dor como instância ontológica de manifestação do indivíduo e sua repercussão na praxis vital decorrente da perspectiva fenomenológica-existencialista aproxima o poeta brasileiro da obra de Jean-Paul Sartre. A noção do absurdo em Dos Anjos consubstancia a ideia da miséria da condição humano frente ao outro e corrobora com a percepção sartreana do nada como auto-reflexividade da consciência.
CASTING OUT DEMONS: HOMAGE TO SHIRLEY JACKSON
Authors: Vargas Cohen Gustavo
Published: August 2019

Atividade intensa e efusiva concernente à escritora norte-americana Shirley Jackson tem sido percebida desde as últimas décadas do século XX até o início do XXI. O período que imediatamente sucedeu sua morte em 1965 prenunciava uma resposta que levou uma série de críticos a postularem Jackson como uma escritora esquecida. Frequentemente referindo-se a ela como uma autora de ficção bizarra e de terror. Jackson, por razões estranhas, aceitou o rótulo, embora uma minoria de sua produção literária de fato traga elementos sobrenaturais ou temas góticos. O presente texto deseja prestar uma homenagem a esta escritora supostamente pouco apreciada e relegada ao esquecimento que, no entanto, influencia muitos escritores célebres e obras canônicas até os dias de hoje, e que mudou e continua a mudar a história da literatura americana e mundial de maneira indelével.
TEACHING LITERATURE IN ‘LIQUID TIMES’
Authors: Muller Luciane Oliveira
Published: August 2019

Este artigo consiste de uma leitura e uma discussão sobre ensino de literatura no contexto atual. Inicialmente, é proposta uma procura pela definição de literatura, e, então, é também feita uma tentativa de analisar e entender o que são os ‘tempos líquidos’. Além disso, o artigo propõe algumas questões tais como: como e por que ensinar literatura. E, finalmente, se procura uma maneira de adaptar a literatura e o ensino de literatura a esses ‘tempos líquidos’. Com a intenção de desenvolver uma discussão, o artigo apresenta uma comparação entre a prática do ensino da literatura no contexto atual e no passado.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE GRICE PARA O ESTUDO DA METÁFORA
Authors: Gil Maitê
Published: August 2019

Este artigo busca, por meio de uma revisão teórica, investigar quais são as contribuições relevantes dos estudos desenvolvidos por Grice (1975 [1967]) para o estudo da metáfora e analisar, desta forma, como as formulações desse filósofo inglês podem enriquecer as reflexões sobre esse fenômeno da linguagem. Para estabelecer essas contribuições, é feita uma breve revisão dos estudos anteriores a Grice envolvendo a metáfora, entre os quais estão os de Aristóteles, a Teoria da Comparação e a Teoria da Interação. Por fim, argumenta-se que os estudos de Grice podem ser considerados como um divisor de águas na abordagem da metáfora, visto que eles são a primeira abordagem pragmática desse fenômeno.
A REALIZAÇÃO VARIÁVEL DE VIBRANTE SIMPLES EM LUGAR DE MÚLTIPLA NO PORTUGUÊS FALADO EM FLORES DA CUNHA (RS): MUDANÇAS SOCIAIS E LINGUÍSTICAS
Authors: Battisti Elisa , Martins Luisa Bitencourt
Published: August 2019

O emprego de vibrante simples em lugar da múltipla no português brasileiro falado em Flores da Cunha (RS), traço resultante do contato com a fala dialetal italiana,foi submetido à análise de regra variável (LABOV, 1972, 1994, 2001, 2010). O emprego de vibrante simples regride na comunidade: os jovens são os que menos aplicam a regra. O estudo etnográfico (SPRADLEY, 1979) em Flores da Cunha revela que os jovens realizam práticas sociais inovadoras ao lado de práticas tradicionais. O emprego de vibrante simples em lugar da múltipla é valorado como local, embora seja relativamente desprestigiado.
EM BUSCA DO ESPAÇO PERDIDO: A NOÇÃO DE ESPAÇO NA TEORIA DA ENUNCIAÇÃO DE BENVENISTE
Authors: Barboza Gabriela
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir questões referentes ao estudo da noção de espaço na obra de Émile Benveniste. Para tanto, utilizo como corpus alguns textos do autor em que procuro relacionar as noções de dêixis, indicador de subjetividade, espaço, enunciação. Com base nessas relações, busco formular hipóteses sobre a presença/ausência do espaço nos textos e sobre o que se fundamenta tal noção. Assim, considero que a noção de espaço figure tão pouco na obra de Benveniste em função de sua relação com a realidade do mundo dos objetos, que não interessa à teoria da enunciação benvenstiana.
IDEOLOGIA(S) NOS MANIFESTOS A FAVOR E CONTRA O GOLPE MILITAR: OLHARES BAKHTINIANOS
Authors: Lampoglia Francis , Miotello Valdemir
Published: August 2019

Este artigo estuda o discurso, sob a perspectiva do Círculo de Bakhtin, de manifestos contra e a favor do golpe militar de 1964. Cientes de que a eclosão e o estabelecimento desse governo tiveram apoio de setores da sociedade, confrontando-se com outros, observaremos como a ideologia e o sujeito influenciam na construção dos sentidos. Para isso, utilizaremos como recorte seis manifestos publicados em 1º e 06 de abril de 1964 nos jornais Última Hora e Jornal do Brasil. A análise preliminar dos dados indica a importância do contexto sócio-ideológico-histórico e do ponto de vista do sujeito na produção de sentidos.
ELEVAÇÃO DE /e/ E APAGAMENTO VOCÁLICO: O COMPORTAMENTO DOS CLÍTICOS
Authors: Brambatti Guzzo Natália
Published: August 2019

O presente estudo analisa o tipo de clítico, seu contexto fonológico e sua função morfossintática de modo a (i) verificar como esses fatores relacionam-se a seu comportamento quanto à elevação de /e/ e ao apagamento vocálico e (ii) tecer afirmações sobre sua localização na hierarquia prosódica. Neste trabalho, os clíticos obtidos por Autor (ano) e Autores (ano) para, respectivamente, elevação de /e/ e apagamento vocálico, foram analisados isoladamente. Constatou-se que a elevação, mais frequente em  e  e menos frequente em  e , é condicionada pelo contexto fonológico do clítico e pelo seu tipo e função morfossintática, ao passo que o apagamento, mais frequente com  e , é influenciado sobretudo pelo contexto fonológico.
“TU SABE QUE BICHO É ESSE, FILHA?” O PAPEL INTERACIONAL DOS PARTICIPANTES NA CO-CONSTRUÇÃO DE UMA NARRATIVA INFANTIL
Authors: Knecht Fernanda
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho analisa o que acontece durante a co-construção de uma história entre mãe e filho(a) quando a mãe se depara com situações de estranhamento durante a narrativa (como não conseguir identificar um personagem). Observa-se se a criança, nessas situações, ganha espaço para co-narrar a história e ajudar a mãe a resolver o problema. As díades são de duas cidades, com crianças de 3 e 5 anos. Resultados evidenciam que as mães veem os filhos como interlocutores da história, e não apenas como ouvintes que não contribuem para seu direcionamento. É possível relacionar práticas que as mães adotam com os filhos em casa com práticas adotadas por professores na escola, no que se refere à ratificação da fala das crianças.
A UTOPIA NA OBRA DE H.P. LOVECRAFT: UMA LEITURA POLÍTICA DE AT THE MOUNTAINS OF MADNESS
Authors: Dutra Daniel
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo visa analisar a novela de horror At the Mountains of Madness (1936), de H.P. Lovecraft, sob uma perspectiva sociopolítica. Para tanto realizamos uma leitura comparativa com os ensaios políticos do autor sobre a Grande Depressão dos anos 30 – mais especificamente os textos “Some Repetitions on the Times” (1933), “A Layman Looks at the Government” (1933) e “The Journal and the New Deal” (1934). Argumentamos que ha indícios claros de que as transformações socioeconômicas provocadas pela Grande Depressão influenciaram o processo criativo de H.P. Lovecraft, levando-o a abordar temas até então nunca discutidos tanto em seus ensaios quanto em sua obra ficcional.
A DISPERSÃO DA LÍRICA EM CHICO ALVIM: MÁSCARAS, NARRATIVA E MEMÓRIA
Authors: Imbroisi Waldyr
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho visa a analisar a produção poética mais recente de Chico Alvim sob a ótica da dispersão da identidade e do eu lírico. Buscamos analisar as definições tradicionais da poesia lírica e, alicerçados por reflexões acerca da poesia moderna e contemporânea, perceber como a obra do poeta mineiro configura-se em um movimento de dispersão do eu lírico coerente, processada pelo esgarçamento das fronteiras entre poesia e prosa, pela concepção assumida da memória enquanto construção e pela própria fragmentação e descentramento das identidades.
CRENÇAS DE ALUNOS DE ESCOLA PRIVADA SOBRE APRENDIZAGEM DA LÍNGUA INGLESA
Authors: De Lima Fernando Silvério , Candido-Ribeiro Douglas
Published: August 2019

Um dos contextos de ensino mais frequentes na pesquisa de crenças é o de escola pública. Nota-se, ainda, a clara ausência de pesquisas realizadas em contexto privado de ensino. Um dos motivos que justifica esta lacuna está na dificuldade de acesso que os pesquisadores têm a esse ambiente. Desta forma, neste trabalho temos o objetivo de analisar algumas crenças de alunos de escola privada por meio de questionários. Em síntese, os resultados apontam crenças na possibilidade de aprender inglês em contexto regular, sendo um fator condicionado principalmente ao professor, aos materiais e aos próprios alunos. Além disso, os alunos acreditam haver uma idade ideal para aprender, sendo necessário começar o mais cedo possível.
TEXTO E LINGUAGEM: DESLOCAMENTOS E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Franz Rodrigues Ana Cristina
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho está centrado na discussão sobre o texto, o tratando como um objeto teórico, o qual pode ser abordado sob diferentes pontos de vista no âmbito dos estudos da linguagem. Portanto, construímos nosso corpus de análise a partir do poema “O Direito das Crianças”, de Ruth Rocha e do texto “O mundo mágico das crianças”, sob autoria de uma estudante da rede pública estadual de Porto Alegre. Ambos foram analisados mediante o arsenal teórico da Linguística Textual, da Teoria da Enunciação e da Análise do Discurso, de linha francesa, marcando os possíveis deslocamentos sobre os estudos textuais que se instauram nestes diferentes territórios e pensando de que modo tais estudos estão intrincados com a práxis pedagógica.
A BIBLIOTECA DE RODRIGO CAMBARÁ: TRANSPLANTES LITERÁRIOS EM O TEMPO E O VENTO
Authors: Alves Marcio Miranda
Published: August 2019

A extensa lista de obras da literatura universal na trilogia O tempo e o vento, de Erico Verissimo, permite uma análise das relações entre a tradição literária nacional e o caráter imitativo da vida cultural brasileira. A partir das ideias de Schwarz (1987), procuro mostrar como a postura do personagem-leitor Rodrigo Cambará representa, no contexto do romance, a receptividade do intelectual a modelos estrangeiros, pelo qual a influência e a cópia são questões livres de questionamentos ideológicos e apropriadas como elementos de diferenciação de classe.
APRESENTAÇÃO DOS CADERNOS DO IL 49
Authors: Hoff Patrícia Cristine
Published: August 2019

Apresentação do n.º 49 dos Cadernos do IL - Estudos Literários
Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy: A New Cause of Anti-PD-1 Immune-Related Diabetes
Authors: Jehl Alexandre , Cugnet-Anceau Christine , Vigouroux Corinne , Legeay Anne L. , Dalle Stéphane , Harou Olivier , Marchand Lucien , Lascols Olivier , Caussy Cyrielle , Thivolet Charles , Laville Martine , Disse Emmanuel
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE

Anti–programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies have revolutionized advanced cancer therapy. Anti-PD-1 therapy is responsible for immune-related adverse events, with frequent endocrine manifestations, including acute-onset type 1 diabetes. Acquired generalized lipodystrophy (AGL) is a rare disease, believed to be immune mediated, characterized by loss of adipose tissue and insulin resistance–associated complications.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We describe the first reported case of AGL induced by immune checkpoint therapy.

RESULTS

A 62-year-old woman with metastatic melanoma treated with nivolumab was referred for major hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. She had presented with a rapidly progressive generalized loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Diabetes was associated with severe insulin resistance and undetectable plasma leptin. Subcutaneous biopsy revealed atrophic adipose tissue infiltrated with cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes and fibrosis.

CONCLUSIONS

AGL is an additional immune-related adverse event of anti-PD-1 therapy that leads to severe insulin resistance–associated complications.
Effects of Prosopis farcta Root Extract in the Vascular Reactivity of Isolated Goat Coronary Artery
Authors: Rasheed Rezhna Adil , Salih Ibrahim Kakey Ismail
Published: August 2019

Prosopis species is a medicinal plant, well-known for its beneficial effects in treating various smooth muscles disorders, and its phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of different bioactive compounds in different parts of the plant, most of which show a great role in reducing cardiovascular risks. In the present study, the cardiovascular effect of Prosopis farcta Root Extract (PFRE) was investigated in vitro for possible mechanisms of the extract effect in the vascular reactivity of isolated goat coronary artery (CA) using Organ bath and PowerLab Data Acquisition system. The results of the recording and analyzing of the effect of the PFRE in isolated CA, showed the negative inotropic activity of the extract in CA rings with intact-endothelium, while in CA ring with hyperglycemic-induced endothelium dysfunction the extract tended to vasodilate the CA ring non-significantly, and the extract induced dose-dependent vasodilation in CA rings pre-constricted with high concentration of (30 mM)KCl and showed no effects on contractions induced by (1X10-3-1X10-5) Phenylephrine PE, which is an indicator for its blockade activity on L-type voltage-dependent Ca+2 channel and non-interfering of the extract with the receptor-operated Ca+2 channel. The mechanical recording of the CA ring activities, revealed different potassium (K+) channels including selective calcium-activated potassium channel, ATP-sensitive potassium channel, and different endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF) including nitric oxide and Prostacyclin (PGI2 ) seems to have no role in the relaxation effects of the extract, while the endothelium derived-hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF); epoxy eicosatrienoic acid (EET) showed significant participation in the vasodilation effects of the extract. On the other hand, the extract tended to relax the CA rings through its antagonizing of Ca+2, reducing and inhibiting Ca+2 influx and release from internal stores and interfering with the voltage-operated Ca+2 channels through its alkaloid and flavonoid active compounds which suggested to be the most predicted mechanisms for the maintenance of vasodilating tone and coronary circulation of the PFRE in coronary artery.