bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Enhancement Through Oral Hygiene Learning Videos
Authors: Restuning Sekar , Supriyanto Irwan , Fatikhah Nurul
Published: February 2025

Learning media is expected to enhance students' interest in learning. This research aims to investigate the impact of instructional videos on the level of oral hygiene knowledge. The research methodology employed in this study is Quasi-Experimental, utilizing a quantitative design with pre-test and post-test approaches. Purposive sampling was employed as the sampling technique. The analysis, conducted using the Paired T-Test, yielded a ρ-value of 0.000 (ρ < 0.05), indicating a significant change in the mean knowledge scores before and after the educational intervention using oral hygiene instructional videos. One alternative approach to dental health education, particularly in tooth brushing, is through the use of videos. Using videos is more effective as it facilitates easier retention and understanding of lessons, transcending reliance on a single sensory input. It is anticipated that future research can develop applications related to accessing oral hygiene instructional videos.
The Discipline of Tooth Brushing on Caries Prevalence in Children
Authors: Fankari Ferdinan , Krisyudhanti Emma
Published: February 2025

Indonesian people's brushing habits are still very concerning, as seen from the 2018 Basic Health Research data where only 2.3% of the population aged ≥ 10 years brushed their teeth after eating breakfast and before going to bed at night. This study aimed to determine the effect of tooth brushing discipline on the prevalence of caries in children of SD Negeri 2 Baumata Timur, Kupang Regency. This study is an experiment with a one-shot case study design, without a control group conducted on all 130 SDN 2 Baumata Timur students. All respondents were given an initial examination to determine dental caries (def-t/DMF-T) and were educated on brushing their teeth properly. Respondents were given control cards and stickers to be attached to the column after brushing their teeth in the morning after eating and the column brushing their teeth before going to bed at night for 120 effective days. Respondents will be evaluated for dental caries by re-examining dental caries (def-t/DMF-T) after brushing their teeth for 120 days, this aims to determine whether there are new caries after routine brushing activities carried out by the response. The results showed that the behavior of brushing teeth that was carried out consistently or the discipline of children brushing their teeth for 120 days by students at home was in the morning after eating and at night before going to bed. The results of the evaluation of dental caries after the intervention on regular brushing habits using oral health control cards showed that there was no risk of caries or new caries during 120 days of regular and consistent brushing.  The results of the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test statistical test showed a significant value of p 1.000> 0.05, so there was no difference before and after treatment using a dental health control card, but in substance there was an effect on caries prevention. The conclusion is that the discipline or consistency of children in brushing their teeth in the morning after eating and at night before bed can prevent dental caries in children.
Dental Health Education for Pregnant Women to Prevent Stunting
Authors: Restuning Sekar , Supriyanto Irwan , Octaviana Devy , Irianti Bayu
Published: February 2025

Poor oral and dental health in pregnant women can affect the fetus, leading to preterm birth and low birth weight. Oral cavity infections can transmit infections to the fetus through the bloodstream. Pregnant women with insufficient knowledge about stunting are at higher risk of contributing to stunting. Dental and oral health promotion is a process of providing information based on the needs of oral and dental health, aiming to achieve good oral and dental health. This study aims to determine the effect of educational videos on the knowledge level of pregnant women in preventing stunting. The research design used in this study is Quasi-Experimental, with a quantitative approach involving pre-tests and post-tests. The analysis results using the Wilcoxon test showed a p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect on knowledge before and after the intervention using oral and dental health educational videos for pregnant women in preventing stunting. Video media has advantages such as providing closer observation of movements, saving time, and allowing repeated playback, facilitating the knowledge absorption process. Videos are categorized as audiovisual media because they engage both hearing and sight senses.
Analysis of Vrancea Seismic Source Based on Seismological Records
Authors: Zaicenco Anton  , Sandu Ilie
Published: February 2025

The seismo-tectonics of the Vrancea source is described by the collision of 3 tectonic plates: Moesian, East-European and Intra-Alpine. Analysis of the seismic records of earthquakes originating in the Vrancea zone allows for assessment of seismic hazard from the intermediate-depth source influencing the south eastern region of Europe. An important component of such analysis is the database of focal mechanisms for both crustal and sub-crustal events. The polarity data of P- first motion for the period 1967–2006 were used to compile the new catalogue, which is compared to the existing ones. The stochastic method for computing the total spectrum of the seismic motion at the site is discussed in the context of the studied area. Recurrence intervals for the sub-crustal seismicity and attenuation functions of the peak values of ground motion are presented. Importance of 2D and 3D models for the assessment of site-effects is emphasised and the numerical example for the data from the city of Kishinev is provided.
Mass Media and Catastrophe Prevention. How to avoid the crisis after the crisis
Authors: Viehrig Henrike
Published: February 2025

Catastrophe prevention is not an interesting topic for broadcasting companies, but catastrophe coverage is. Catastrophe prevention cannot take place via mass media communications, but has to be prepared within the relevant institutions during “good times”. But in the event of an emergency and the subsequent high level of media interest, media management has to be coherent and credibility-oriented.
Trauma and Loss: The Experience of Ethiopian Immigrants in Israel
Authors: Finklestein Michal  , Solomon Zahava
Published: February 2025

The objectives of our study were to assess the exposure of three groups of Ethiopian refugees to stressful and traumatic events at three time points: pre-, peri- and post-migration to Israel. The consequences of exposure to cumulative traumatic events such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were examined at all three time points and in each group. In addition losses during migration and complicated grief were examined in each group. We found significant differences between the groups in exposure and PTSD symptoms. While the three groups did not differ in grief reactions, significant differences were found between those who lost first-degree relatives and those who lost second-degree relatives, in Complicated Grief Reactions. The results are discussed in light of the unique characteristics of the cumulative trauma and traumatic losses among Ethiopian refugees.
Consequences of Illegal Immigration on the Economic and Social Situation in Moldova
Authors: Balaban Natalia  , Galitschi Sergiu
Published: February 2025

There are 3 different categories of illegal movement of people across borders - Illegal immigration, human smuggling, and human trafficking - and each of these concepts have quite different legal and political consequences. Poverty and warfare contribute to the rising tide of migration, both legal and illegal. Smuggling and trafficking ‘employs’ millions of people every year, and leads to the annual turnover of billions of dollars. The current study examines the existing situation (with regard to legal and illegal immigration) in the Republic of Moldova. Migration stream coming from Moldova is estimated as 10000 people a month, mainly to Europe, and mostly motivated by poverty. Both negative and positive consequences of the immigration are discussed, with regard to the political, economical and social aspects of the phenomenon.
Non-Archimedean Theory of T-Functions
Authors: Anashin Vladimir
Published: February 2025

Loosely speaking, a T-function is a mapping from k-bit words into r-bit words such that each i-th bit of image depends only on low-order bits 0,…,i of the pre-image. For example, all arithmetic operations (addition, multiplication) are T-functions, all bitwise logical operations (XOR, AND, etc.) are T-functions. Any composition of T-functions is a T-function as well. Thus T-functions are natural computer word-oriented functions.
Machine with a Rotor Structure Supported Only by Buried Magnets
Authors: Kolehmainen Jere
Published: February 2025

A buried magnet rotor structure, which is supported only by permanent magnets, is proposed for medium speed permanent magnet machines. A machine utilizing the construction is built, tested and compared to another machine with traditional V-shaped poles. The machine is also simulated using Finite Element Method and the results are compared to tested values. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of the construction.
Air-Gap Magnetic Field of the Unsaturated Slotted Electric Machines
Authors: Viorel Ioan-Adrian  , Strete Larisa  , Iancu Vasile  , Nicula Cosmina
Published: February 2025

This paper deals with the air-gap magnetic field analytical calculation in the case of unsaturated slotted electric machines. Different analytical estimations of the flux density variation versus circumferential coordinate in the machine air-gap are considered. The obtained results are compared between them and with the two dimension finite element method (2D-FEM) calculated values, where the iron core material nonlinearity is fully considered.
Characteristics of Special Linear Induction Motor for LRV
Authors: Fujii Nobuo  , Sakata Kentaro  , Mizuma Takeshi
Published: February 2025

The special linear motor with function of linear transformer is studied analytically by using a special integral equation method (IEM) and a finite element method (FEM). The basic configuration is a wound-secondary type of linear induction motor (LIM), and comprises the primary winding of single-phase concentrated coil and the secondary winding with two-phase distributed coil. The computed results by IEM and FEM agree well in the flux density and thrust respectively. The estimate of thrust by IEM is easy, especially for dynamic analysis. The thrust of apparatus has about 2.1 kN/m and an enough value for the propulsion of LRV.
Electromagnetic Computations in the End Zone of Power Turbogenerator
Authors: Roytgarts M.  , Varlamov Yu.  , Smirnov A.
Published: February 2025

The mathematical model and computations results of electromagnetic fields, eddy currents and losses in the construction of the power turbogenerators end zone are presented. Effect of the stator and rotor size relations, geometry of the skewed core end part, shape, sizes and arrangement of stator core screens and pressure plate by the method of numerical experiment are investigated. The results of numerical modeling in designs of powerful turbogenerators are implemented. Computational and test data are compared.
Electric Field Exposure Near the Poles of a MV Line
Authors: Desideri D.  , Maschio A.  , Poli E.
Published: February 2025

In this work the electric field on the head of a human body under a medium voltage line is studied, close to, at a short distance from, and far from a reinforced concrete pole. Two models of the body have been studied numerically: a more complete one and another simplified. The numerical data obtained with both models were found equivalent, in order to compute the field on the top of the head. The simplified configuration has been experimentally validated. The results show a reduction of the field, close to the pole, compared with the value generally calculated neglecting the poles.
Modelling of Open Magnetic Shields' Operation to Limit Magnetic Field of High-Current Lines
Authors: Goleman R.  , Wac-Włodarczyk A.  , Gižewski T.  , Czerwiński D.
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the analysis of magnetic field around high-current line (50 Hz) and the influence of the shields on spatial distribution of the field. The comparison of the systems with open ferromagnetic single shield for each line and the systems with common shield has been made. Open shields are characterised by the air gap located above the conductor or current line. Ferromagnetic shields are made of transformer plate M117-30P 5. The calculations have been made for the shields of defined angles i.e. 90°, 120° and 150° and various thickness.
3D Reconstruction of flaws in metallic materials by eddy currents inspections
Authors: Pirani Alessandro  , Ricci Marco  , Tamburrino Antonello  , Ventre Salvatore
Published: February 2025

This work is focused on the image reconstruction of defects in metallic materials using time-harmonic eddy currents testing measurements. The proposed approach combines an efficient numerical model of the probe-defect interaction and a least square error regularized procedure for solving the inverse problem. The method has been successfully tested to detect multiple volumetric defects on multiple layers of a planar conductive material. The regularization term is the total variation, selected to “encode” the a priori information that defects are supposed to be “blocky”. In this manner, the method is potentially capable of treating on the same foot several defects type such as EDM, fatigue crack, stress corrosion crack etc.
Inversion of Potential Drop Data for the Reconstruction of Crack Depth Profiles
Authors: Sposito Giuseppe  , Cawley Peter  , Nagy Peter B.
Published: February 2025

This paper considers the inverse problem of estimating the depth profile of an unknown defect from measurements of transfer resistance. The results both finite-element analyses and experimental tests on specimens with notches of various shapes and sizes were used to develop a simple algorithm that allows a good reconstruction of the depth profile. A synthetic focusing technique is applied which improves the quality of the reconstruction.
Lifetime Prediction of Pressure Tubes in PHWR Nuclear Power Plants using Eddy Current Data
Authors: Grimberg Raimond  , Savin Adriana  , Steigmann Rozina  , Andreescu Aurel  , Iftimie Nicoleta  , Cazacu Marius Mihai
Published: February 2025

In this paper is presented a model for lifetime prediction using Markov hidden chains method, starting from the results of eddy current nondestructive evaluation using rotating magnetic field transducer. The model is trained with previous experience in pressure tubes examination and allows the determination of probability that the tubes shall be found in different imposed states.
A Start Of New Field Of Electromagnetic And Mechanical Maintenance Engineering
Authors: Miya Kenzo
Published: February 2025

Maintenance to ensure the integrity of structures is one of the most important issues in modern industry, but more so in the nuclear power industry. This is primarily because complete prevention of all degradation of industrial materials is not possible, at least not in a realistic way. Consequently it is extremely important to detect degradation before machines start to loose their ability to function which may lead to harmful failures. Usually there is some kind of significant interval between the start of material degradation and failure; in other words, degradation usually progresses slowly with time. The problem is whether we can detect precursors of failure in the interval or not. If it is possible, we can have economic as well as safety related benefits because we are able to stop the machine before a functional failure and prevent an accident initiated by the failure of the machine. The benefits are not restricted to the nuclear power industry because it can be applied to any other heavy industry. There are many reasons why many conferences, such as ENDE, have been established to discuss and promote the progress of nondestructive inspection techniques. Whereas nondestructive inspection plays an important role in maintaining structural integrity and the performance of nondestructive inspection techniques should be enhanced in that sense, we need to regard it as one of several components composing “maintenance engineering.” Moreover, although nondestructive inspection is a proactive measure of maintenance, it is not a predictive tool. In fact, it is effective for detecting existing defects and does not say anything about the temporal evolution of defects. On the other hand, a condition monitoring system can offer significantly more useful information as mentioned above. In this paper I would like to introduce the concept of maintenology as a new science and technology in contrast to conventional maintenance engineering and to present several important results on electromagnetic maintenance for nuclear power plants as condition monitoring techniques (CMT). In particular, the introduction of electromagnetic maintenance is expected to play a very promising role in abnormality predictions of many dynamic machines that are required to be inspected regularly by law. Application of the technique would change conventional wisdom in thinking that machines should be taken apart and inspected regularly based on regulations. In many cases, this TBM (time based maintenance) is not too conservative in achieving an optimal maintenance approach.
Characterisation of Microstructures in Heat Treated Maraging Steel using Eddy Current and Barkhausen Emission Techniques
Authors: Rajkumar K.V.  , Rao B.P.C.  , Sasi B.  , Vaidyanathan S.  , Jayakumar T.  , Raj Baldev
Published: February 2025

The effects of ageing induced microstructural changes in M250 Maraging steel widely used in aerospace industries are characterized using electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. Eddy current and magnetic Barkhausen emission parameters have been studied and the results are compared with hardness, XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Assessment of Grinding Damage on Gear Teeth using Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Measurements
Authors: Vaidhianathasamy Moorthy  , Shaw Brian Andrew  , Bennett Will  , Hopkins Peter
Published: February 2025

The marine Gears made with Case-carburised En36 steel were subjected to grinding damage during manufacturing. The MBN measurements have been made on different Gear teeth using three different methods, namely, High Frequency, Medium Frequency and Low frequency MBN measurements with the optimised measurement device and parameters so that the MBN signal from different depth ranges can be detected and analysed. The MBN measurements on these Gear teeth have shown that the grinding damage near the surface (<10μm depth) can be detected using High frequency MBN, any sub-surface damage (within ~40μm depth) can be detected using Medium frequency MBN and the damage in the deeper layers (> 40μm depth) can be detected using Low frequency MBN measurements. The thermal damage caused by Grinding Burn is also clearly revealed by the shifting of the Low frequency MBN peak to lower magnetic field.
The Other Side of the NPT: A Russian View on how to Cure the “Inherent Defects” of the Nonproliferation Regime
Authors: Mizin Victor
Published: February 2025

Due to a number of reasons, including the emerging crises in relations between Russia and the West, the urgency of global concerns regarding the proliferation of WMD and missiles appears to have diminished. But emergence of new threats brought back to life the key problem of global security: the survival of leading world powers. In the face of the new global security challenges, Russia and the West have revitalized the importance of non-proliferation. Still, the non-proliferation regime is suffering from intrinsic drawbacks and should be improved. Such improvement presupposes the close cooperation, or at least an accord, between the leading world powers as a core element.
Hazardous Materials Transportation by Road: Trends and Problems in Risk Assessment and Emergency Planning
Authors: Fabiano Bruno  , Currò Fabio  , Pastorino Renato
Published: February 2025

Hazardous material transportation poses obvious hazards to environment, general public and response personnel. In this context, risk reduction can be achieved by analyzing and designing correctly the routing of shipments, by proper risk assessment procedure. HazMat transportation risk management must include appropriate emergency response services, limiting accident consequences. This paper presents a quantitative risk assessment approach to HazMat transportation, starting from an historical statistical analysis on road accidents. A methodological approach for the assessment of standard vehicle and dangerous good truck flows was applied to a pilot area in the North of Italy, allowing a statistical reinforced evaluation of route intrinsic enhancing/mitigating parameters. The results evidence the distribution of the risk along the different routes and the localization of high spots, with good accuracy and precision. Preventive and mitigating risk measures are discussed in depth, with particular reference to the optimization of emergency equipment (number of prompt action vehicles) by means of an unambiguous and consistent selection criterion that allows reduction of intervention time. Different risk mitigation options, based on changing route or designing alternative slip roads, in transport corridors or tunnels, are investigated as well. The presented approach can represent a useful tool not only to estimate transport risk, but also to define strategies for the reduction of risk (i.e. distribution and limitation of ADR road traffic, improvement of highway section, design of alternative routes) and emergency management.
Housing for an Ageing Society: Adapting Housing Design toward Universality is the Minimum Requirement for Inclusion
Authors: Kose Satoshi
Published: February 2025

The world is ageing, and Japan is no exception. Japan is the fastest graying society in the world, and a quarter of its population will be over age 65 by 2014. It is inevitable that many older people will experience difficulties in the environment due to capability deterioration. To address these environmental problems, the Japanese Construction Ministry inititated in 1987 a five-year research and development project on design for the ageing society. Design for All Ages was set as the key concept, discarding the traditional idea of “special design for the aged.” It is a clear departure from age segregation that occurs with sheltered housing. Design for All Ages assumes that residents will age in place, and that the dwellings will be able to respond to the changing needs of residents. After all, dwellings are an important component of a person's life, and disability (particularly age-related disability) should not adversely affect people.
Accessible Design Practices and Informal Learning Environments
Authors: Bruce Carrie  , Bryant Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

Informal learning environments, such as aquaria, are attracting an increasingly diverse visitor population as the number of people with disabilities living in the community has grown. Although general guidelines exist to assist informal learning environments in designing accessible spaces, the guidelines are not specific enough nor do they guarantee that the spaces will be usable by all visitors. This paper reports on the findings from a post-occupancy evaluation that was conducted at the Georgia Aquarium that: 1) documented the current exhibit display and interpretation design practices; 2) provided visitor feedback on the usability of exhibit displays and interpretation; and 3) discussed the needs of visitors with disabilities.
The United Nations and the Challenge of Combating International Terrorism
Authors: Kfir Isaac
Published: February 2025

The article discusses the United Nation's approach to international terrorism in the post-9/11 world. It opens by defining the term post-modern terrorism and then moves on to look at the role of the Security Council, the General Assembly and the Secretary-General in devising a programme that deals with the threat posed by Islamic terrorism. The aim of the article is to emphasise that the United Nations operates in three different areas in the war against terrorism: force, morality and economic and social assistance. The paper concludes by arguing that the UN has made a start but much more needs to be done.
Negative Security Assurances
Authors: Goldblat Jozef
Published: February 2025

Negative security assurances (NSA) were conceived as a quid pro quo for the renunciation of nuclear weapons by non-nuclear-weapon states under the 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). They are called “negative” because they amount to a non-use obligation. However, NSA have never been a decisive incentive to join the Treaty. Economic interests, in particular the need to engage in peaceful uses of nuclear energy, played a more important role. Argentina and Brazil would have probably not given up their nuclear-weapon aspirations, had they not feared to be deprived of fuel for their civilian nuclear reactors. With the passage of time, the link between the NSA and the NPT has weakened, practically to the point of non-existence. India, Pakistan or Israel—the three holdouts from the NPT - would certainly not bargain away their nuclear posture for a great-powers' pledge not to use nuclear weapons against them. Nor was North Korea deterred from leaving the NPT; it will not rejoin it in exchange for a mere promise of non-aggression with nuclear weapons. All this means that restrictions or a prohibition on the employment of nuclear weapons may now be treated as potential arms control measures and be negotiated by all states, regardless of their association with the NPT. According to the doctrine of belligerent reprisals, a ban on use does not exclude retaliation. Countries possessing nuclear weapons would, in fact, be committed only to no first use.
Monitoring Technique of Commodity Distribution Network Based on Metric System of Object Under Observation
Authors: Makarevich Alexey
Published: February 2025

A system is designed and installed for mass service on the level of corporations creating their own Commodity Distribution Network (CDN). The system represents the Internet-oriented information resource with which the registered users work on the following levels: network owner having global rights for the entire network; manufacturers of raw materials\goods to set up own CDN; partners of manufacturers with their subnetworks
Methodology of Security Ensuring in Social Systems
Authors: Puzikov Vladimir V.
Published: February 2025

Security ensuring is considered as creation of conditions for a stable acritical development of a person, society and the state in accordance with the aims and objectives of the development and strengthening of the rights and freedoms of a person, state sovereignty; elimination and prevention of threats, conditions and other factors, which could have a negative or destabilizing impact upon the development of a nation or a state; elimination of contradictions between the interests of separate social groups, society and an individual.
ICT for Health: Social Computing
Authors: Cabrera Marcelino  , Valverde José A.
Published: February 2025

A question of extraordinary interest for the active ageing paradigm is the importance given to preventive medicine and the promotion of healthy lifestyles. In this sense, we consider that Social Computing is a very good example since its potential is enormous and needs to be further explored. It is obvious that ICT technologies, in general, facilitate the wider and quicker dissemination of healthy lifestyles and the prevention of dangerous habits. However, what is the added value offered by Web 2.0 applications, and how have Internet users' attitudes changed? And more specifically, what are the advantages for older citizens? Social computing: 1) facilitates the fast dissemination of preventive health measures and of healthy ways of living; 2) shortens the sometimes long wait for an appointment with a health professional; 3) facilitates the personalisation of health-related information making it more realistically accessible by posting reminders to patients of their periodic clinical examinations or seasonal vaccinations and 4) provides information adapted to the level of disability or the physical limitations.
Children's Identity and Security
Authors: Massimo Luisa M.  , Caprino Daniela
Published: February 2025

The respect of children's identity is a serious issue which involves aspects relating to security both in industrialized countries and in underdeveloped areas. One of the most commonly used methods for identifying people is their names. Everyone has a name, but the way of assigning names and registering them is different around the world and the use of family names varies among cultures. The transcription of a name from one alphabet into the Roman alphabet, i.e., “Romanization” is a challenge that is encountered almost every day due to the great wave of immigration from North Africa, South East Asia and China. As reported by UNICEF, nowadays many children do not have a formal identity. And, in the western world, the web can be a dangerous place for young people. In this paper, few sections are dedicated to the history of surname attribution throughout the centuries and to various local cultures.
Tangible Light Interaction
Authors: Appleby Richard  , Overbeeke Kees
Published: February 2025

The field of tangible interaction currently studies how the user interaction with physical products can be improved through physical feedback, as a more direct experience. Here we explore this subject further with particular emphasis on the elements of visual attraction of illuminated surfaces as an early factor in the interaction process. Richard Appleby is an experienced industrial designer who has developed many consumer products where the surface definition and visual language has had a significant impact on the perceived values and tangibility of the product. These changing surface interactions should not be difficult or challenging, but intuitive and enjoyable to live with. The systems may be complex, but the way they reveal and offer their actions can heighten our awareness and sensitivity in new and unique ways. It is a question of subtlety and detail. As the surfaces we interact with have the intelligence to appreciate a much wider range of human conditions and user feedback, their response can be attuned more closely to our different senses and feelings, particularly as this leads to more subjective and sensorial types of interaction, with varying dimensions and magnitude. These surfaces change through colour and form that attract the user we coin ‘light tangible interaction’. Particularly within the field of intelligent technologies, project examples show design concepts that support social interaction and remote communications in new ways.
Enabling NFC Technology to Public Services
Authors: Bravo J.  , Hervas R.  , Casero G.  , Peña R.  , Vergara M.  , Nava S.  , Chavira G.  , Villarreal V.
Published: February 2025

Ambient Intelligent are usually emerged in contexts like health, education, business and so on. However there are not many researches focusing on social aspects as public administrations. In these kinds of contexts, some problems are continuously in our minds. Especially these that people waste time on clues or solving dubs about the required documents. In this work we present a proposal through the adaptability of the Near Field Communication technology (NFC). With it, some tags and readers can interact with the mobile phones, running different applications according to the places, contexts and users' requirements.
Management of Risks Associated with Mining Wastes (Tailings Dams and Waste Heaps)
Authors: Modoi Oana–Cristina  , Ştefănescu Lucrina  , Mărginean Sanda  , Arghiuş Corina  , Ozunu Alexandru
Published: February 2025

The paper presents significant aspects regarding risk management related to wastes in the Romanian mining industry. The national and international legislative framework is approached thematically, focusing on the new European Directive regarding mining wastes (Directive 2006/21/EC on the management of waste from the extractive industries – the mining waste directive). The two studied subjects of interest are: waste heaps and tailing dams, and plans for the preliminary analysis of the risks induced upon the environment. Best practice environmental management requires mitigation of risks of environmental damage from unexpected incidents occurring in the mining industry. The management of mining wastes represents a very significant component of the mine closure and conservation process, in view of the ecological reconstruction of the area and reuse of the affected land. Consequently, an adequate waste management system in the mining industry determines medium and long-term benefits for the environment, for economic efficiency and for the mining communities.
Ethical Counselling as a Working Method in Designing Technology for People with Dementia
Authors: Rauhala Marjo
Published: February 2025

The contribution at hand explores the nature, scope and limits of ethical counselling in technology research and development settings in which the target group consists of frail old persons with cognitive impairments. In this paper, ethical counselling is understood as an activity consisting of elements of peer review, supervision and consulting. A central task of an ethical counsellor in a design setting that involves older people with cognitive impairments is to increase the designers' awareness of the ethical dimensions inherent in their work. The paper provides reasons for adopting a systematic approach to ethics and an ethical counsellor in technology design projects that cooperate with vulnerable users and presents frameworks for the assessment of emerging ethical questions.
‘Over There … to Stay this Time’: the Forward-Deployment of American Basing Strategy in the Cold War and Beyond
Authors: Engel Jeffrey
Published: February 2025

American policymakers organised their post-1945 bases in order to thwart potential airborne attackers, but soon realised the overseas bases also offered political benefits. Beginning with the NATO alliance, strategists thereafter placed US bases within the territories of vital allies. This tripwire strategy assuaged allied fears that American forces were more for appearance than for fighting war. Over time, American policymakers constructed bases capable of projecting American might into strategic regions. Ultimately, the fear that drove American basing policy after 1945 contributed to a classic security dilemma for American strategists; one in which threats worldwide are interpreted as dire threats to the American homeland.
La diaspora maghrébine peut-elle s'inspirer des modèles asiatiques ?
Authors: Ghiles Francis
Published: February 2025

Pourquoi les Chinois de la diaspora investissent-ils massivement en Chine alors que les Maghrébins qui travaillent en dehors de leurs pays ne le font pas ? La diaspora maghrébine en particulier pourrait-elle s'inspirer des diasporas chinoise et indienne dont le rôle d'encouragement à la libéralisation économique dans leurs pays d'origine a été si important depuis une génération ? Force est de constater qu'au Maghreb le rôle économique des diasporas est mineur, l'essentiel des fonds rapatriés par les travailleurs immigrés étant consacré à acheter des biens de consommation. Le rôle de la diaspora a pris une ampleur exceptionnelle en Chine, à la mesure de la croissance très forte de l'économie du pays : on estime que deux tiers des investissements directs étrangers proviennent de la diaspora. Même si un tel phénomène a peu de chances de se reproduire en Afrique du Nord avec une telle ampleur, pourrait-il influer sur le rythme de croissance économique du Maroc, de la Tunisie et de l'Algérie ?
Terrorism Risk for Public Transportation Systems
Authors: Markey John
Published: February 2025

This report begins to explain the task of detecting, preventing and mitigating threats to the public transport network. Having analyzed existing research and case studies, conducting interviews and personal experience the paper reflects the capability of the public and private sectors to ensure the safety of travelers and network employees. A summary of representative incidents, indicators of terrorist profiles, law enforcement and intelligence knowledge, the role of the general public and the impact international collaboration are considered throughout.
Terrorist Profiling: Characteristics and Motivations by Arrest Rate
Authors: Yilmaz Ismail
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is twofold: First, it seeks to determine whether domestic terrorists in Turkey hold different demographic traits from the rest of the Turkish population. Second, this study focuses on terrorists' degree of involvement in terrorism (as measured by arrest history) in relation to their sociological characteristics and backgrounds (age, gender, education, social class). In other words, to understand at what level domestic terrorists are involved in terrorism, the researcher aims to model patterns of arrest for DHKP/C and Turkish Hezbollah members.
Preventing Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism: Building International Partnerships to Meet the Challenge
Authors: Roberts Guy
Published: February 2025

The increased use of terrorism by terrorist groups requires NATO and its allies to re-examine existing security norms. A need to re-evaluate the approach to deterrence by establishing new non-proliferation initiatives, as well as strengthening existing ones, has become necessary to effectively target non-state adversaries. The use of WMD by terrorist groups, as in the case of Aum Shinrikyo, necessitates the need to adequately defend against these types of threats; however, there is no “silver-bullet” which can prevent WMD terrorism. The chain of actions that lead to a WMD attack presents NATO and its allies with opportunities to thwart the terrorists and those who support them.
Investigation of Self-Assembled Monolayers by Using a Scanning Probe Microscope
Authors: Melikyan Harutyun  , Enkhtur Lkhamsuren  , Sargsyan Tigran  , Kim Seungwan  , Babajanyan Arsen  , Kim Jonkchel  , Lee Kiejin
Published: February 2025

A scanning probe microscope (SPM) technique has been used to investigate the material properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold. We demonstrate that SPM can achieve contactless detection of the thickness of SAMs. By measuring the reflection coefficient S11at an operating frequency near 5.3 GHz, we could observe the thickness of SAMs. This nano-scale measurement of SAMs has a great potential for investigating the surface profile with high sensitivity.
Nondestructive Characterizing Stress States in Conventional Deep Drawing Processes by Means of Electromagnetic Methods
Authors: Altpeter Iris  , Sklarczyk Christoph  , Kopp Melanie  , Kröning Michael  , Hübner Sven  , Behrens Bernd-Arno
Published: February 2025

Trends in the automotive industry tend towards fuel saving and reduction of exhaust gases by weight reduction. On the other hand the enhancement of safety is required. From this it follows an increased application of high strength steels as well as stainless steels in the car body production. The forming of these materials is associated with high requirements to forming procedure and forming tools. In comparison with forming of low strength steels the risk of spring back effects is increased caused by higher amount of elastic deformation. Furthermore during deep drawing processes tearing nearby the die corner may occur because load strengths in this area are too large. These load strengths are so called “plane strain” states.
A Fast Forward Scheme for Numerical Simulation of NDT Signals of DC Potential Drop Method
Authors: Xie Shejuan  , Chen Zhenmao  , Xu Minglong  , Lu Tian-Jian
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a fast forward solver based on Finite Element Method (FEM) and databases of unflawed field information is newly developed for the rapid computation of Direct Current Potential Drop (DCPD) signals for Nondestructive Testing (NDT) of Metallic Foam to reduce the computer resources necessary for this 3D FEM analysis. Through comparing numerical results of present method with those of a full FEM code, it is demonstrated that the proposed fast scheme can significantly decrease the computer resources but with same accuracy.
AC Magnetization and Barkhausen Noise Measurements for the Evaluation of Plastic Deformation and Residual Stress of Carbon Steels
Authors: Cheng Weiying  , Nakata Shizuo  , Minami Yasuo  , Nishikawa Satoru  , Komura Ichiro
Published: February 2025

The correlation between characteristic parameters of AC magnetization and Barkhausen noise measurement and the plastic deformation and residual stress has been investigated. The ratio of the fundamental component of output signal to that of input signal decreases monotonously with plastic strain. The higher harmonic factors are affected by residual stresses. The Barkhausen noise is dominantly affected by residual stress.
Evaluation of Ductile Cast Iron Microstructure by Magnetic Hysteresis and Barkhausen Noise Methods
Authors: Stupakov Oleksandr  , Uchimoto Tetsuya  , Takagi Toshiyuki  , Sanaee Seyed Ali  , Tomáš Ivan
Published: February 2025

The work investigates applicability of the magnetic hysteresis and Barkhausen noise techniques for testing of ductile cast iron microstructure. The measurements were performed on 4 series of different matrix structures with 5 samples in each series of different size of spheroidal graphite. The samples were magnetized by a single yoke at quasi-static regime; their magnetic field was determined by a 3-point extrapolation of the measured surface field profile to the sample faces. The Barkhausen noise was measured by a perpendicularly attached pancake coil with a laminated soft ferromagnetic core. The magnetic measurements showed a unique correspondence with the hardness, which is commonly used for the matrix structure testing. However, the magnetic response to the graphite morphology revealed lower sensitivity than to the matrix variations. The ultrasonic velocity measurement, which is a usual routine for the graphite structure testing, gave similar but even less sensitive dependencies.
Creep Damage in Cr-Mo-V Steels Studied by Measurements of Magnetic Minor Hysteresis Loops
Authors: Kobayashi Satoru  , Tanaka Masashi  , Kimura Takashi  , Kamada Yasuhiro  , Kikuchi Hiroaki  , Takahashi Seiki  , Ohtani Toshihiro
Published: February 2025

Changes of magnetic minor hysteresis loops of 1Cr-0.5Mo-0.25V ferritic steel during creep at 923 K under tensile stress have been investigated. The minor-loop coefficients, which are indicators of internal stress, sharply decrease at the primary creep and show a very slow decrease at the secondary creep, followed by the steady decrease at the ternary creep. This behavior is very similar to that of Vickers hardness and both the properties show a linear relation. A good correlation of the coefficients with creep strain and hardness clearly shows that magnetic method using minor hysteresis loops can be a possible technique for nondestructive evaluation of creep damage in ferritic steels.
Nondestructive Evaluation of a Cold Rolled and Thermally Aged Fe-Cu Alloy using a Micromagnetic Method
Authors: Park Duck-Gun  , Kim Gideog  , Kobayashi Satoru  , Takahashi Seiki  , Cheong Yong-Moo
Published: February 2025

We evaluated a variation of the magnetic properties of a Fe-1%Cu model alloy due to a cold rolling and a thermal aging. The thermal aging was conducted at 500○C with different ageing times in series. The hysteresis loops, Magnetic Barkhausen noise (BN) and Vickers micro hardness were measured for pre strained, strained, and thermal aged samples. The coercivity increased by a plastic strain and decreased by a thermal aging. The BN decreased in the pre strained and strained samples, but large changes were observed in the strained sample. These results were interpreted in terms of the domain wall motion signified by a change of the mean free path associated with micro internal stress and CRPs.
Elastic Properties of Thermally Aged Fe-Cu Model Alloys Measured by EMAR Method
Authors: Kamada Yasuhiro  , Ohtani Toshihiro  , Kikuchi Hiroaki  , Kobayashi Satoru
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to investigate the elastic properties of thermally aged Fe-Cu model alloys by the electromagnetic acoustic resonance (EMAR) method and to clarify the underlying mechanism. Fe-1wt.%Cu alloys, in supersaturated Cu solid solution, were prepared and isothermally aged at 773 K. Resonant ultrasound spectra were obtained for two EMAR configurations: thickness and free vibration resonances. In both methods, the aging time dependence of resonance frequencies, which relates to the elastic constants, showed an increasing behavior. This is different from the peaking trend of the hardness and attributable to the increase of the elastic constant due to Cu solute depletion in the matrix during the precipitation process. This study suggests the possible application of the EMAR method for nondestructive characterization of the matrix state of irradiated RPV steels.
Chance-Constrained Programming: a Tool for Solving Linear Eddy Current Inverse Problem
Authors: Zorgati Riadh  , Duchêne Bernard
Published: February 2025

This paper deals with the application of chance-constrained programming to eddy current inverse problems, linearized in the Born approximation framework. It suggests two probabilistic formulations of this linear inverse problem: the first one uses joint chance constraints and the second one is based upon individual chance constraints; the latter allows a layer-by-layer reconstruction suitable for taking attenuation into account. The paper illustrates how structural properties of chance constraints are a powerful tool for dealing with the ill-posed nature of the problem. Two situations are considered: i) the first one concerns a flaw made of a simple conductivity contrast and an underlying random process belonging to the class of elliptically symmetric distributions; in that case, a deterministic equivalence of the problem can be found provided that a suitable level of probability is chosen, ii) the second situation concerns a notch; a tractable approximate algorithm based upon the Hoeffding inequality is suggested for solving the inverse problem in that case.
Inspection of 3D flaws using EMAT
Authors: Yoshihiro Yoshihiro  , Sasamoto Akira  , Suzuki Takayuki
Published: February 2025

A UT scanner must have the sampling intervals shorter and a beam spot size smaller than potential flaws in materials in order to be able to detect them. If material longer than 1m must be tested with a pitch of 1mm, more than 1000 scanning lines are needed to detect flaws, and the material cannot be examined in common production lines. The number of horizontal scanning lines must be decreased to reduce testing time. Alternatively, the scanning speed must be increased. An EMAT is useful to increase scanning probe speed. This study performs propagation analysis of an acoustic wave emitted from an EMAT probe and presents methods and the formulas to reconstruct 3D image of flaws in the sample with fewer horizontal scanning lines.
Eddy Current Array Probe for Flaw Characterization of Zircoloy Fuel Rods
Authors: Krzywosz Kenji J.
Published: February 2025

In an attempt to attain “Zero Fuel Leaks by 2010”, EPRI is embarking on a multi-disciplinary approach to NDE of fuel rods. This involves fast screening technique based on guided wave to evaluate and discriminate presence of flaws from deposits and geometry variations on individual rods by allowing access to top ends of loaded fuel rods while they are still in the fuel bundle assembly. Once the degraded fuel rod is identified, it will be removed from the fuel bundle for further testing. One of the quantification NDE methods for flaw location, OD/ID flaw discrimination, and estimation of percent wall losses is eddy current.