bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Participation in the Home Environment among Children and Youth with and without Disabilities
Authors: Law Mary , Anaby Dana , Teplicky Rachel , Khetani Mary Alunkal , Coster Wendy , Bedell Gary
Published: March 2013

Introduction:

This study examines participation patterns and environmental supports and barriers for children with and without disabilities within their home setting.

Method:

The Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY) is a newly developed, reliable parent/caregiver-report tool, which combines assessment of children's participation and the environment. The PEM-CY was completed online by 576 parents of children or youth (5 to 17 years old) with and without disabilities from Canada and the United States. ANOVA analyses were performed to examine group differences in PEM-CY summary scores. Item-level differences are presented descriptively using radar plots.

Results:

After controlling for age and income, significant differences between children with and without disabilities were observed for all home-based PEM-CY participation and environment summary scores. Differences between the two groups were also evident at the item level, particularly when comparing the percentage of children and youth who never participate in specific home-based activities and when comparing perceived barriers to participation.

Conclusion:

Although all children and youth participate frequently in home-based activities, those with disabilities tend to participate in less complex and quieter/sedentary activities. This, in addition to parental report of environmental barriers to participation, highlights the potential importance of home-based occupational therapy intervention to optimise participation in this setting.
A comparison of atmospheric composition using the Carbon Bond and Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanisms
Authors: Sarwar G. , Godowitch J. , Henderson B. , Fahey K. , Pouliot G. , Hutzell W. T. , Mathur R. , Kang D. , Goliff W. S. , Stockwell W. R.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. We incorporate the recently developed Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (version 2, RACM2) into the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system for comparison with the existing 2005 Carbon Bond mechanism with updated toluene chemistry (CB05TU). Compared to CB05TU, RACM2 enhances the domain-wide monthly mean hydroxyl radical concentrations by 46% and nitric acid by 26%. However, it reduces hydrogen peroxide by 2%, peroxyacetic acid by 94%, methyl hydrogen peroxide by 19%, peroxyacetyl nitrate by 40%, and organic nitrate by 41%. RACM2 predictions generally agree better with the observed data than the CB05TU predictions. RACM2 enhances ozone for all ambient levels leading to higher bias at low (< 60 ppbv) concentrations but improved performance at high (>70 ppbv) concentrations. The RACM2 ozone predictions are also supported by increased ozone production efficiency that agrees better with observations. Compared to CB05TU, RACM2 enhances the domain-wide monthly mean sulfate by 10%, nitrate by 6%, ammonium by 10%, anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols by 42%, biogenic secondary organic aerosols by 5%, and in-cloud secondary organic aerosols by 7%. Increased inorganic and organic aerosols with RACM2 agree better with observed data. While RACM2 enhances ozone and secondary aerosols by relatively large margins, control strategies developed for ozone or fine particles using the two mechanisms do not differ appreciably.
The CU Airborne MAX-DOAS instrument: vertical profiling of aerosol extinction and trace gases
Authors: Baidar S. , Oetjen H. , Coburn S. , Dix B. , Ortega I. , Sinreich R. , Volkamer R.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The University of Colorado Airborne Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU AMAX-DOAS) instrument uses solar stray light to detect and quantify multiple trace gases, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), glyoxal (CHOCHO), formaldehyde (HCHO), water vapor (H2O), nitrous acid (HONO), iodine monoxide (IO), bromine monoxide (BrO), and oxygen dimers (O4) at multiple wavelengths (absorption bands at 360, 477, 577, 632 nm) simultaneously in the open atmosphere. The instrument is unique as it (1) features a motion compensation system that decouples the telescope field of view from aircraft movements in real time (<0.35° accuracy), and (2) includes measurements of solar stray light photons from nadir, zenith, and multiple elevation angles forward and below the plane by the same spectrometer/detector system. Sets of solar stray light spectra collected from nadir to zenith scans provide some vertical profile information within 2 km above and below the aircraft altitude, and the vertical column density (VCD) below the aircraft is measured in nadir view. Maximum information about vertical profiles is derived simultaneously for trace gas concentrations and aerosol extinction coefficients over similar spatial scales and with a vertical resolution of typically 250 m during aircraft ascent/descent. The instrument is described, and data from flights over California during the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) and CARES (Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study) air quality field campaigns is presented. Horizontal distributions of NO2 VCD (below the aircraft) maps are sampled with typically 1 km resolution, and show good agreement with two ground-based MAX-DOAS instruments (slope = 0.95 ± 0.09, R2 = 0.86). As a case study vertical profiles of NO2, CHOCHO, HCHO, and H2O concentrations and aerosol extinction coefficients, ε, at 477 nm calculated from O4 measurements from a low approach at Brackett airfield inside the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) are presented. These profiles contain ~12 degrees of freedom (DOF) over a 3.5 km altitude range, an independent information approximately every 250 m. The boundary layer NO2 concentration, and the integral aerosol extinction over height (aerosol optical depth, AOD) agrees well with nearby ground-based in situ NO2 measurement, and AERONET station. The detection limits of NO2, CHOCHO, HCHO, H2O442, ϵ360, ϵ477 for 30 s integration time spectra recorded forward of the plane are 5 ppt, 3 ppt, 100 ppt, 42 ppm, 0.004 km−1, 0.002 km−1 in the free troposphere (FT), and 30 ppt, 16 ppt, 540 ppt, 252 ppm, 0.012 km−1, 0.006 km−1 inside the boundary layer (BL), respectively. Mobile column observations of trace gases and aerosols are complimentary to in situ observations, and help bridge the spatial scales that are probed by satellites and ground-based observations, and predicted by atmospheric models.
Effect of the solar wind conditions on the ionospheric equivalent current systems
Authors: Zhang J. J. , Wang C. , Tang B. B. , Li H.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. We employ a global magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model, namely the PPMLR-MHD model, to investigate the effect of the solar wind conditions, such as the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle, southward IMF magnitude and solar wind speed, on the average pattern of the ionospheric equivalent current systems (ECS). A new method to derive ECS from the MHD model is proposed and applied, which takes account of the oblique magnetic field line effects. The model results indicate that when the IMF is due northward, the ECS are very weak while the current over polar region is stronger than the lower latitude; when the IMF rotates southward, the two-cell current system dominates, the eastward electrojet on the afternoon sector and the westward electrojet on the dawn sector increase rapidly while the westward electrojet is stronger than the eastward electrojet. Under southward IMF, the intensity of the westward electrojet and eastward electrojet both increase with the increase of the southward IMF magnitude and solar wind speed, and the increase is very sharp for the westward electrojet. Furthermore, we compare the geomagnetic perturbations on the ground represented by the simulated average ECS with the observation-based statistical results under similar solar wind conditions. It is found that the model results generally match with the observations, but the underestimation of the eastward equivalent current on the dusk sector is the main limitation of the present model.
Variability of aboveground litter inputs alters soil physicochemical and biological processes: a meta-analysis of litterfall-manipulation experiments
Authors: Xu S. , Liu L. , Sayer E. J.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Global change has been shown to greatly alter the amount of aboveground litter inputs to soil, which could cause substantial cascading effects on belowground biogeochemical cyling. Although having been studied extensively, there is uncertainty about how changes in aboveground litter inputs affect soil carbon and nutrient turnover and transformation. Here, we conducted a comprehensive compilation of 68 studies on litter addition or removal experiments, and used meta-analysis to assess the responses of soil physicochemical properties and carbon and nutrient cycling under changed aboveground litter inputs. Our results suggested that litter addition or removal could significantly alter soil temperature and moisture, but not soil pH. Litter inputs were more crucial in buffering soil temperature and moisture fluctuations in grassland than in forest. Soil respiration, soil microbial biomass carbon and total carbon in the mineral soil increased with increasing litter inputs, suggesting that soil acted as a~net carbon sink although carbon loss and transformation increased with increasing litter inputs. Total nitrogen and the C : N ratio in the mineral soil increased with increased litter inputs. However, there was no correlation between litter inputs and extractable inorganic nitrogen in the mineral soil. Compared to other ecosystems, tropical and subtropical forests are more sensitive to variation in litter inputs. Increased or decreased litter inputs altered the turnover and accumulation of soil carbon and nutrient in tropical and subtropical forests more substantially over a shorter time period compared to other ecosystems. Overall, our study suggested that, although the magnitude of responses differed greatly among ecosystems, increased litter inputs generally accelerated the decomposition and accumulation of carbon and nutrients in soil, and decreased litter inputs reduced them.
Hominin responses to environmental changes during the Middle Pleistocene in central and southern Italy
Authors: Orain R. , Lebreton V. , Russo Ermolli E. , Sémah A.-M. , Nomade S. , Shao Q. , Bahain J.-J. , Thun Hohenstein U. , Peretto C.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The palaeobotanical record of early Palaeolithic sites from Western Europe indicates that hominins settled in different kinds of environments. During the "mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT)", from about 1 to 0.6 Ma, the transition from 41- to 100-ka dominant climatic oscillations, occurring within a long-term cooling trend, was associated with an aridity crisis which strongly modified the ecosystems. Starting from the MPT the more favourable climate of central and southern Italy provided propitious environmental conditions for long-term human occupations even during the glacial times. In fact, the human strategy of territory occupation was certainly driven by the availabilities of resources. Prehistoric sites such as Notarchirico (ca. 680–600 ka), La Pineta (ca. 600–620 ka), Guado San Nicola (ca. 380–350 ka) or Ceprano (ca. 345–355 ka) testify to a preferential occupation of the central and southern Apennines valleys during interglacial phases, while later interglacial occupations were oriented towards the coastal plains, as attested by the numerous settlements of the Roma Basin (ca. 300 ka). Faunal remains indicate that human subsistence behaviours benefited from a diversity of exploitable ecosystems, from semi-open to closed environments. In central and southern Italy, several palynological records have already illustrated the regional- and local-scale vegetation dynamic trends. During the Middle Pleistocene climate cycles, mixed mesophytic forests developed during the interglacial periods and withdrew in response to increasing aridity during the glacial episodes. New pollen data from the Boiano Basin (Molise, Italy) attest to the evolution of vegetation and climate between MIS 13 and 9 (ca. 500 to 300 ka). In this basin the persistence of high edaphic humidity, even during the glacial phases, could have favoured the establishment of a refuge area for the arboreal flora and provided subsistence resources for the animal and hominin communities during the Middle Pleistocene. This could have constrained human groups to migrate into such a propitious area. Regarding the local climate evolution during the glacial episodes, the supposed displacement from these sites could be linked to the environmental dynamics solely due to the aridity increase, rather than directly to the global climate changes.
A multi-model assessment of last interglacial temperatures
Authors: Lunt D. J. , Abe-Ouchi A. , Bakker P. , Berger A. , Braconnot P. , Charbit S. , Fischer N. , Herold N. , Jungclaus J. H. , Khon V. C. , Krebs-Kanzow U. , Langebroek P. M. , Lohmann G. , Nisancioglu K. H. , Otto-Bliesner B. L. , Park W. , Pfeiffer M. , Phipps S. J. , Prange M. , Rachmayani R. , Renssen H. , Rosenbloom N. , Schneider B. , Stone E. J. , Takahashi K. , Wei W. , Yin Q. , Zhang Z. S.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The last interglaciation (~130 to 116 ka) is a time period with a strong astronomically induced seasonal forcing of insolation compared to the present. Proxy records indicate a significantly different climate to that of the modern, in particular Arctic summer warming and higher eustatic sea level. Because the forcings are relatively well constrained, it provides an opportunity to test numerical models which are used for future climate prediction. In this paper we compile a set of climate model simulations of the early last interglaciation (130 to 125 ka), encompassing a range of model complexities. We compare the simulations to each other and to a recently published compilation of last interglacial temperature estimates. We show that the annual mean response of the models is rather small, with no clear signal in many regions. However, the seasonal response is more robust, and there is significant agreement amongst models as to the regions of warming vs cooling. However, the quantitative agreement of the model simulations with data is poor, with the models in general underestimating the magnitude of response seen in the proxies. Taking possible seasonal biases in the proxies into account improves the agreement, but only marginally. However, a lack of uncertainty estimates in the data does not allow us to draw firm conclusions. Instead, this paper points to several ways in which both modelling and data could be improved, to allow a more robust model–data comparison.
Potential and limits of OSL, TT-OSL, IRSL and pIRIR290 dating methods applied on a Middle Pleistocene sediment record of Lake El'gygytgyn, Russia
Authors: Zander A. , Hilgers A.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. This study tests the paleomagnetic and proxy-data based Mid- to Upper Pleistocene sediment deposition history of Lake El'gygytgyn by applying different approaches of luminescence dating techniques on sediment cores taken from the centre of the 175 m deep lake. For dating polymineral and quartz fine grains (4–11 μm grain size range) were extracted from nine different levels from the upper 28 m of sediment cores 5011-1A and 5011-1B. According to the independent age model, the lowest sample from 27.8–27.9 m below lake bottom level correlates to the Brunhes-Matuyama (B/M) reversal. Polymineral sub-samples were analysed by infra-red stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and post-IR IRSL measured at 290 °C (pIRIR290) using single aliquot regenerative dose (SAR) sequences. SAR protocols were further applied to measure the blue light optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermally-transferred OSL (TT-OSL) of fine-grained quartz supplemented by a multiple aliquot approach. Neither low temperature IRSL measurements at 50 °C nor any OSL dating approach on quartz yielded reliable results. Deconvolution of their dose response curves revealed a pseudo-increase of the dose response curves and explains the observed underestimation. The pIRIR protocol applied to polymineral fine grains was the only luminescence technique able to provide dating results of acceptable accuracy up to ca. 700 ka when correlated to the existing proxy-data and paleomagnetic based age record. We present the potential and limits of the different dating techniques and a correlation of pIRIR290 results with the proxy-data based age model.
A critical assessment of the JULES land surface model hydrology for humid tropical environments
Authors: Zulkafli Z. , Buytaert W. , Onof C. , Lavado W. , Guyot J. L.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Global land surface models (LSMs) such as the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) are originally developed to provide surface boundary conditions for climate models. They are increasingly used for hydrological simulation, for instance to simulate the impacts of land use changes and other perturbations on the water cycle. This study investigates how well such models represent the major hydrological fluxes at the relevant spatial and temporal scales – an important question for reliable model applications in poorly understood, data-scarce environments. The JULES-LSM is implemented in a 360 000 km2 humid tropical mountain basin of the Peruvian Andes–Amazon at 12-km grid resolution, forced with daily satellite and climate reanalysis data. The simulations are evaluated using conventional discharge-based evaluation methods, and by further comparing the magnitude and internal variability of the basin surface fluxes such as evapotranspiration, throughfall, and surface and subsurface runoff of the model with those observed in similar environments elsewhere. We find reasonably positive model efficiencies and high correlations between the simulated and observed streamflows, but high root-mean-square errors affecting the performance in smaller, upper sub-basins. We attribute this to errors in the water balance and JULES-LSM's inability to model baseflow. We also found a tendency to under-represent the high evapotranspiration rates of the region. We conclude that strategies to improve the representation of tropical systems to be (1) addressing errors in the forcing and (2) incorporating local wetland and regional floodplain in the subsurface representation.
Estimating the Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance contribution to future sea level rise using the regional atmospheric climate model MAR
Authors: Fettweis X. , Franco B. , Tedesco M. , van Angelen J. H. , Lenaerts J. T. M. , van den Broeke M. R. , Gallée H.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. To estimate the sea level rise (SLR) originating from changes in surface mass balance (SMB) of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), we present 21st century climate projections obtained with the regional climate model MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional), forced by output of three CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) general circulation models (GCMs). Our results indicate that in a warmer climate, mass gain from increased winter snowfall over the GrIS does not compensate mass loss through increased meltwater run-off in summer. Despite the large spread in the projected near-surface warming, all the MAR projections show similar non-linear increase of GrIS surface melt volume because no change is projected in the general atmospheric circulation over Greenland. By coarsely estimating the GrIS SMB changes from GCM output, we show that the uncertainty from the GCM-based forcing represents about half of the projected SMB changes. In 2100, the CMIP5 ensemble mean projects a GrIS SMB decrease equivalent to a mean SLR of +4 ± 2 cm and +9 ± 4 cm for the RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios respectively. These estimates do not consider the positive melt–elevation feedback, although sensitivity experiments using perturbed ice sheet topographies consistent with the projected SMB changes demonstrate that this is a significant feedback, and highlight the importance of coupling regional climate models to an ice sheet model. Such a coupling will allow the assessment of future response of both surface processes and ice-dynamic changes to rising temperatures, as well as their mutual feedbacks.
Four new rust taxa on Asteraceae from Central Alborz, northern Iran
Authors: Aliabadi Faezeh , Abbasi Mehrdad
Published: March 2013

During the study of the rust mycobiota of Central Alborz, four new taxa (two species and two varieties) were found: Puccinia artemisiae-chamaemelifoliae on Artemisia chamaemelifolia, P. crepidis-asadbarensis on Crepis asadbarensis, P. jaceae var. elbursensis
on Centaurea behen, and P. punctiformis var. karajensis on Cirsium arvense.
Geastrum species of the La Rioja province, Argentina
Authors: Kuhar Francisco , Castiglia Valeria , Papinutti Leandro
Published: March 2013

A survey of Geastrum species from arid lands in the La Rioja province (northwestern Argentina) recovered fourteen species previously unreported from the province: G. arenarium, G. campestre var. famatinum, G. corollinum, G. fimbriatum, G. floriforme,
G. glaucescens, G. hieronymi, G. aff. lloydianum, G. pampeanum, G. pampeanum var. pallidum, G. parvistriatum, G. rufescens, G. saccatum, and G. schmidelii. Of these, new records are G. corollinum for Argentina, G.
arenarium for South America, and G. parvistriatum for the Americas, and G. campestre var. famatinum is proposed as a new variety. Each taxon is described, and photographs of basidiomes and SEM micrographs illustrating spores are provided for selected taxa.
Tuber microverrucosum and T. huizeanum two new species from China with reticulate ascospores
Authors: Fan Li , Hou Cheng-Lin , Li Yu
Published: March 2013

Two new species of Tuber are described and illustrated. Tuber microverrucosum is recognized by its brown verrucose ascomata, blackish gleba, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose ascospores with a large-meshed regular reticulum. Tuber huizeanum is diagnosed by its
brown glabrous ascomata, brown gleba, and broadly ellipsoid ascospores with a regular reticulum. Molecular phylogenetic analysis supports the erection of the two new species.
Hymenochaete in China. 4. H. parmastoi sp. nov. and H. ustulata new to China
Authors: He Shuang-Hui , Li Hai-Jiao
Published: March 2013

Hymenochaete parmastoi is described as new to science. It is similar to H. minor and H. rhabarbarina, but morphological and molecular (ITS rDNA sequences) evidence show that they are distinct from each other. Hymenochaete ustulata, which was collected from
Guangdong Province, southern China, is newly recorded in China. It is characterized by anatomical structure (in sect. Paragymnochaete and with abundant crystals). Illustrated descriptions of these two species are provided.
Yeast species from soil and fallen leaves new for the mycobiota of Israel
Authors: Gotman Dmytro M. , Wasser Solomon P. , Nevo Eviatar
Published: March 2013

We investigated the species diversity of yeasts from soil and fallen leaves of Israel based on sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA. Seven new yeast records found for Israel were Apiotrichum nothofagi, Cryptococcus carnescens, C. phenolicus, C. terreus, Komagataella
pastoris, Rhodosporidium lusitaniae, and Schwanniomyces occidentalis.
A new record of the desert truffle Picoa lefebvrei in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bawadekji Abdulhakim , Gargano Maria Letizia , Saitta Alessandro , Venturella Giuseppe
Published: March 2013

A new record of Picoa lefebvrei from Saudi Arabia is reported accompanied by notes on its taxonomy, ecology, and distribution.
Coccomyces hubeiensis, a new fungus of Rhytismatales from China
Authors: Yang Meng-Shi , Lin Ying-Ren , Zhang Lan , Wang Xiao-Yan
Published: March 2013

A new fungus found on fallen leaves of Rhododendron erubescens from the Shennongjia forestry region of Hubei Province, China, is described as Coccomyces hubeiensis. This species differs from C. dentatus by its asci with subtruncate-conical apices, paraphyses branched
near the top, infrequent zone lines, and the absence of conidiomata. The type specimen is deposited in the Reference Collection of Forest Fungi of Anhui Agricultural University, China (AAUF).
First record of Amanita dunensis in Italy
Authors: Pecoraro Lorenzo , Lunghini Dario
Published: March 2013

Amanita dunensis is recorded for the first time in Italy. It was collected in the sandy dunes of Macchiagrande Natural Reserve near Rome (Central Italy). This finding extends the geographic distribution of the species, previously recorded only in France and Spain.
New Anthracoidea, Tilletia, and Ustilago records for Turkey
Authors: Kabaktepe Sanli , Bahcecioglu Zeliha
Published: March 2013

Three smut taxa, Anthracoidea angulata on Carex hirta, Tilletia lolii on Lolium perenne, and Ustilago serpens on Elymus elongatus, are reported for the first time from Turkey. The morphological and microscopical features of these fungi are described
based on the collected materials.
Caloplaca gyrophorica (lichenized Ascomycota), a new saxicolous lichen species from India
Authors: Joshi Yogesh , Jagadeesh Ram T.A.M. , Sinha G.P.
Published: March 2013

A gyrophoric acid-containing Caloplaca species is reported from India for the first time. Caloplaca gyrophorica was found growing over rocks in temperate regions of Neora Valley National Park, Darjeeling, India. It is compared with the other three known gyrophoric acid-containing
Caloplaca species and with the morphologically similar C. hueana.
Seven dark fruiting lichens of Caloplaca from China
Authors: Zhou Guo-Li , Zhao Zun-Tian , Lü Lei , Tong De-Bao , Ma Min-Min , Wang Hai-Ying
Published: March 2013

Detailed taxonomic descriptions with photos are presented for seven dark fruiting Caloplaca species found in China. Caloplaca albovariegata, C. atrosanguinea, and C. diphyodes are apparently new to Asia, C. bogilana, and C. variabilis are new
to China, and C. conversa and C. pulicarioides are new to northern China.
Tuber sinosphaerosporum sp. nov. from China
Authors: Fan Li , Cao Jin-Zhong , Li Yu
Published: March 2013

A new white truffle species from China is described and illustrated. Tuber sinosphaerosporum is characterized by its white ascomata and globose ascospores ornamented with large reticulum meshes. The new species, supported by ITS sequence analysis, offers commercial value due
to its moderate to relatively large size and possibly high yield in China.
Terriera angularis sp. nov. on Illicium simonsii from China
Authors: Zhou Feng , Wang Xiao-Yan , Zhang Lan , Lin Ying-Ren
Published: March 2013

Terriera angularis, a new species of Terriera that develops on leaves of Illicium simonsii, was collected from Shennongjia forestry region of Hubei Province, China. Description, illustration, and comments are given for this fungus. The type collection is deposited
in the Reference Collection of Forest Fungi of Anhui Agricultural University, China (AAUF).
Myxomycete history and taxonomy: highlights from the past, present, and future
Authors: Keller Harold W.
Published: March 2013

The past myxomycete legacy covers fruiting bodies preserved in fossil amber more than 35 million years ago and early contributions by Linnaeus, de Bary, and the Listers at the British Museum of Natural History (BM), among whom the Listers introduced monographs, striking watercolors,
and more narrow species concepts. Macbride and Martin (University of Iowa) published illustrated myxomycete monographs with broader species concepts. The transfer of the ∼9500 specimen Iowa myxomycete collection to the United States National Fungus Collections (BPI) is outlined and ∼234
type specimens are listed. Also covered is Lado's recent Nomenmyx and the online resource nomen. eumycetozoa. com, which offers ∼900 names for accepted myxomycete species. The current status of the BM and BPI myxomycete collections is noted, and Didymium saturnus provides an example
of data associated with myxomycete specimens in the American Type Culture Collection. Problematic taxa are recommended for DNA sequencing to help clarify phylogenetic relationships.
Phylogenetic relationships and the newly discovered sexual state of Talaromyces flavovirens, comb. nov.
Authors: Visagie Cobus M. , Llimona Xavier , Vila Jordi , Louis-Seize Gerry , Seifert Keith A.
Published: March 2013

Typical Talaromyces ascomata were observed on dry Quercus suber leaf litter amongst the characteristic synnemata of Penicillium aureocephalum, and they appear to represent the sexual state of the latter species. The species is a synonym of the older Lasioderma
flavovirens, and we propose the new combination Talaromyces flavovirens. Lectotype and epitype specimens are designated for this name. The defining characters of the asexual state include yellow, short-stalked, mycetozoan-like synnemata with an unusual, almost closed terminal head
of penicillate conidiophores intermixed with sinuous hyphae, and dark green conidia. Ascomata could not be induced in culture, but PCR amplifications of mating-type genes indicate the species is heterothallic. In nature, ascocarp initials appear to be antheridia coiled around clavate ascogonia,
similar to those of T. flavus, and the thick-walled, spiny ascospores are also similar to those of T. flavus. ITS barcodes and β-tubulin sequences place T. flavovirens in a clade with T. apiculatus, T. flavus, T. funiculosus, T. galapagensis,
T. pinophilus, T. macrosporus, and seven other species.
Tuber sinoaestivum sp. nov., an edible truffle from southwestern China
Authors: Zhang Jie-Ping , Liu Pei-Gui , Chen Juan
Published: March 2013

A new Tuber species, T. sinoaestivum, is described from southwestern China based on morphological and molecular analyses. The new species, which was found fruiting in association with Pinus armandii, has been previously misidentified as T. aestivum (=T.
uncinatum). Although morphologically quite similar, T. sinoaestivum differs from the European species by more globose ascospores ornamented with a shallower reticulum. ITS sequence analyses show only 92% similarity between the two species, further supporting the taxonomic separation
of T. sinoaestivum from T. aestivum.
Two new Ellisembia species from Hainan and Yunnan, China
Authors: Ren Shou-Cai , Ma Jian , Zhang Xiu-Guo
Published: March 2013

Ellisembia heritierae sp. nov. on Heritiera littoralis and E. pistaciae sp. nov. on Pistacia chinensis are described and illustrated from specimens collected in tropical forests in Hainan and Yunnan Provinces, China. They are compared with closely related
taxa.
Performance of CHEERs Based Equilibrium Exchange Rate of Pakistan
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Awais , Arshed Noman , Haseeb Muhammad
Published: March 2013

In pursuit to sketch the Pakistan USA Exchange Rate patterns for the duration of 1991M3 to 2010M5 using the CHEERS model, the role of Goods Market and Financial Market is implied through the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and Uncovered Interest Parity (UIP) respectively. The results using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) revealed that both Parities work in combination with near unity elasticities to explain the motion of Exchange Rate in Long Run, but it showed very slow degree of convergence (around 3 and half years) to this equilibrium path after any shock.
Short and Medium Term Oncological Results after Robot-Assisted Prostatectomy: A Comparative Prospective Non Randomized Study
Authors: Gatti Lorenzo , Antonelli Alessandro , Gritti Alberto , Finamanti Marco , Peroni Angelo , Simeone Claudio
Published: March 2013

Background

Our aim was to compare both the perioperative and the short/medium-term post-operative oncological results after radical prostatectomy between two groups of prostate cancer patients: one group treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP), the other one with robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP).

Methods

We collected all the clinical, surgical, pathological and follow-up data of the patients who underwent radical prostatectomy with the two different surgical methods in a dedicated database. The positive surgical margins were defined by the presence of disease at the resection margin marked with China ink. The biochemical persistence of disease was defined as a PSA value >0.1 ng/mL 30 days after surgery, while the biochemical recurrence of the neoplasia was defined as a PSA value >0.2 ng/mL.

Results

The positive surgical margins (PSM) were identified as follows: 29.3% (RRP) versus 25.4% (RALP) in pT2 cancer (p 0.563), and 63.6% (RRP) versus 50.0% (RALP) in case of >pT2 cancer (p 0.559). If stratified by surgical approach, the results are: 53.3% (RRP) versus 25.6% (RALP) (p <0.001) in case of nerve-sparing technique. The persistence of disease is detectable in 5.4% (RRP) versus 4.6% (RALP), while the data on biochemical recurrence are: 2.7% (RRP) versus 0% (RALP).

Conclusions

In our experience, in two groups of patients matched for clinic-pathological features who underwent RRP and RALP, oncological results are slightly better in the second group; this figure is even more significant when evaluating surgeries conducted with nerve-sparing technique. In this study we analyzed data of RALP, recently introduced in our center, comparing with RRP, a surgical technique consolidated through the decades. Therefore it can be said that even during the learning curve, RALP provides oncological results comparable to RRP.
Retracted: Recellularization of Acellular Human Small Intestine Using Bone Marrow Stem Cells
Authors: Patil Pradeep B. , Chougule Priti B. , Kumar Vijay K. , Almström Stefan , Bäckdahl Henrik , Banerjee Debashish , Herlenius Gustaf , Olausson Michael , Sumitran-Holgersson Suchitra
Published: March 2013

We aimed to produce an acellular human tissue scaffold with a view to test the possibility of recellularization with bone marrow stem cells to produce a tissue-engineered small intestine (TESI). Human small-bowel specimens (n = 5) were obtained from cadaveric organ donors and treated sequentially with 6% dimethyl sulfoxide in hypotonic buffer, 1% Triton X-100, and DNase. Each small intestine (SI) piece (6 cm) was recellularized with EPCAM+ and CD133+ allogeneic bone marrow stem cells. Histological and molecular analysis demonstrated that after decellularization, all cellular components and nuclear material were removed. Our analysis also showed that the decellularized human SI tissue retained its histoarchitecture with intact villi and major structural proteins. Protein films of common extracellular matrix constituents (collagen I, laminin, and fibronectin) were found in abundance. Furthermore, several residual angiogenic factors were found in the decellularized SI. Following recellularization, we found viable mucin-positive goblet cells, CK18+ epithelial cells in villi adjacent to a muscularis mucosa with α-actin+ smooth muscle cells, and a high repopulation of blood vessels with CD31+ endothelial cells. Our results show that in the future, such a TESI would be ideal for clinical purposes, because it can be derived from the recipient's own immunocompatible bone marrow cells, thus avoiding the use of immunosuppression.
Concise Review: Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adult Neural Crest Stem Cells, and Therapy of Neurological Pathologies: A State of Play
Authors: Neirinckx Virginie , Coste Cécile , Rogister Bernard , Wislet-Gendebien Sabine
Published: March 2013

Adult stem cells are endowed with in vitro multilineage differentiation abilities and constitute an attractive autologous source of material for cell therapy in neurological disorders. With regard to lately published results, the ability of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) to integrate and differentiate into neurons once inside the central nervous system (CNS) is currently questioned. For this review, we collected exhaustive data on MSC/NCSC neural differentiation in vitro. We then analyzed preclinical cell therapy experiments in different models for neurological diseases and concluded that neural differentiation is probably not the leading property of adult MSCs and NCSCs concerning neurological pathology management. A fine analysis of the molecules that are secreted by MSCs and NCSCs would definitely be of significant interest regarding their important contribution to the clinical and pathological recovery after CNS lesions.
Educational Needs Among Pediatricians Regarding Caring for Terminally Ill Children
Authors: Khaneja Seema , Milrod Barbara
Published: March 2013

Background

According to the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education and the Ambulatory Pediatrics Association, pediatricians need to be instructed in caring for terminally ill children as a part of residency training. However, a systematic approach to education in end-of-life care is lacking in most residency programs.

Objectives

To assess pediatricians' self-perception of their coping skills regarding death and dying at The New York Hospital–Cornell Medical Center, New York City, NY, if they felt further support and education were needed in this area, and which modes of instruction respondents thought would be most useful.

Methods

Data based on a questionnaire distributed to pediatricians at The New York Hospital are presented.

Results

The following topics are discussed: (1) existing level of education and support in caring for terminally ill patients; (2) attitudes of pediatricians regarding discussions of diagnosis and prognosis with dying children and their families; (3) pediatricians' perceived need to limit emotional involvement with terminally ill children; (4) attendance of funeral or memorial services of patients by pediatricians; (5) experience of patient death as a failure; and (6) expressed need for support and instruction in death and dying based on level of training.

Conclusion

Educational interventions and support in this area are needed.
Indian Psychology
Authors: Salagame Kiran Kumar K.
Published: March 2013

Indian psychology is a twentieth‐century phenomenon, though its roots go back to the Vedic period of the Indian sub‐continent in Asia (originally known as Bhaarata), the exact date of which is still under debate. According to current historical reckoning, the Vedic period dates from about 3000bce, although some Western scholars date it back to 10,000bce, based on recent excavations in the site of the Indus Valley Civilization. Though psychology, unlike astronomy, medicine, economics, law and polity, or literature, was not recognized as an independent branch of study in ancient India, there has been no dearth of psychological theorizing scattered in varied sources, including mythology and epics, literary texts, linguistics, texts on dramatics, sexology, medicine, philosophy, religion, and spirituality. Concepts and models related to almost all aspects of human behavior, such as cognition, affect, and conation, can be found in these sources, especially those human potentials which are yet to find their way into mainstream psychology, such as intuition, paranormal phenomena, altered states of consciousness, and transcendent awareness or pure consciousness. These topics are found not only in texts and treatises related to Vedic tradition but also in non‐Vedic traditions such as Jainism and Buddhism. Yet no efforts at collecting and systematizing a vast body of psychological knowledge are evident until the beginning of the twentieth century.
Universals
Authors: Lonner Walter J.
Published: March 2013

A psychological universal is any phenomenon of human mind or action that is shared by sentient individuals regardless of both place and time. However, the veracity of such a brief definition is troublesome, for it implies that even one small exception to total regularity not only negates universality but raises the specter of relativism and therefore the difficulties it presents in culture‐comparative scholarship. Universality is primarily an issue when considering thelevel of abstractionandgeneralizability, as well as the depth and breadth of analysis, all of which are critically important in psychological research. At the highest level of abstraction and the greatest breadth of analysis no one would doubt universality (e.g., all people eat, sleep, communicate). However, the myriad ways that people do these, and other, things can become extremely complex, comparatively, at low levels of abstraction and great depth. These considerations usher in a large number of definitional problems and methodological difficulties.
Third Party Involvement in Barroom Conflicts
Authors: Parks Michael J. , Osgood D. Wayne , Felson Richard B. , Wells Samantha , Graham Kathryn
Published: March 2013

This study examines the effect of situational variables on whether third parties intervene in conflicts in barroom settings, and whether they are aggressive or not when they intervene. Based on research on bystander intervention in emergencies, we hypothesized that third parties would be most likely to become involved in incidents with features that convey greater danger of serious harm. The situational variables indicative of danger were severity of aggression, whether the aggression was one‐sided or mutual, gender, and level of intoxication of the initial participants in the conflict. Analyses consist of cross‐tabulations and three‐level Hierarchical Logistic Models (with bar, evening, and incidents as levels) for 860 incidents of verbal and physical aggression from 503 nights of observation in 87 large bars and clubs in Toronto, Canada. Third party involvement was more likely during incidents in which: (1) the aggression was more severe; (2) the aggression was mutual (vs. one‐sided) aggression; (3) only males (vs. mixed gender) were involved; and (4) participants were more intoxicated. These incident characteristics were stronger predictors of non‐aggressive third party involvement than aggressive third party involvement. The findings suggest that third parties are indeed responding to the perceived danger of serious harm. Improving our knowledge about this aspect of aggressive incidents is valuable for developing prevention and intervention approaches designed to reduce aggression in bars and other locations. Aggr. Behav. 39:257–268, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Egocentric versus Allocentric Spatial Ability in Dentistry and Haptic Virtual Reality Training
Authors: Kozhevnikov Maria , Schloerb David W. , Blazhenkova Olesya , Koo Samuel , Karimbux Nadeem , Donoff R. Bruce , Salcedo Jairo
Published: March 2013

The current study investigates the role of egocentric and allocentric spatial abilities in the field of dentistry. Whereas allocentric ability requires spatial transformation from a stationary point of reference, egocentric spatial ability is tied to the sensory‐motor system, and it requires changing one's imagined perspective in space. Experiment 1 investigates the role of different spatial abilities in a tooth preparation exercise. Experiment 2 investigates the interaction of allocentric and egocentric spatial abilities with the effectiveness of haptic virtual reality training. The results show that only egocentric spatial ability was a significant predictor of success in tooth preparation. In addition, an egocentric spatial ability test was the reliable predictor of success in more complex (indirect vision) tasks during haptic virtual reality training. Our results indicate the need for the development of finer measures of the specific spatial skills that might be needed for different dental specializations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attention and Memory for Newspaper Advertisements: Effects of Ad–Editorial Congruency and Location
Authors: Simola Jaana , Kivikangas Markus , Kuisma Jarmo , Krause Christina M.
Published: March 2013

Previous research suggests that the same ad can have different effects depending upon the media context in which the ad appears. This experiment investigated how the semantic relation between the content of advertisements and editorial texts, and the ad location on newspaper pages affect attention and memory for advertisements. We recorded participants' eye movements while they read newspaper articles to rate how interesting the texts were. Recognition for ads, logos, and editorial headlines was measured on the following day. Results revealed a discrepancy between attention and memory results, suggesting that incongruency increased attention to ads, whereas congruency improved recognition of ads. In addition, ads presented on the right attracted more attention and were recognized better than ads on the left. The results have implications for pretesting of advertisements, because attention and memory for ads were associated with higher preference for brands, and purchase intention was enhanced for the brands that were recognized. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fault detection filter design for discrete‐time switched linear systems with mode‐dependent average dwell‐time
Authors: Li Jian , Yang Guang‐Hong
Published: March 2013

This paper is concerned with the problem of the fault detection (FD) filter design for discrete‐time switched linear systems with mode‐dependent average dwell‐time. The switching law is mode‐dependent and each subsystem has its own average dwell‐time. The FD filters are designed such that the augmented switched systems are asymptotically stable, and the residual signal generated by the filters achieves a weighted l2‐gain for some disturbances and guarantees an H −  performance for the fault. By the aid of multiple Lyapunov functions combined with projection lemma, sufficient conditions for the design of the FD filters are formulated by linear matrix inequalities, furthermore, the filters gains are characterized in terms of the solution of a convex optimization problem. Finally, an application to boost convertor is given to illustrate the effectiveness and the applicability of the proposed design method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Realising the Architectural Idea: Computational Design at Herzog & De Meuron
Authors: Peters Brady
Published: March 2013

Kai Strehlke heads up the Digital Technology Group at Herzog & de Meuron, a team of 12 based in the firm's Basle office. Herzog & de Meuron is a practice that is all about the architecture. However, how does technology interact with design in a practice that is all about the architectural concept? Guest‐editor Brady Peters puts this question to Strehlke, revealing an approach that is all about finding the right tool and some very artful scripting to make the concept work.
Kangaroo: Form Finding with Computational Physics
Authors: Piker Daniel
Published: March 2013

A trained architect, who works with the Specialist Modelling Group (SMG) at Foster + Partners, Daniel Piker is also the developer of the Kangaroo plug‐in for Rhinoceros® and Grasshopper®. He explains how Kangaroo has been devised to simulate aspects of the behaviour of real‐world materials and objects in order to modify designs in response to engineering analyses, engendering an intuitive sense of the material world.
Pachyderm Acoustical Simulation: Towards Open‐Source Sound Analysis
Authors: van der Harten Arthur
Published: March 2013

The creator of the Pachyderm Acoustical Simulation plug‐in, Arthur van der Harten is an acoustician working in the Specialist Modelling Group (SMG) at Foster + Partners. Here he describes the flexible format of this plug‐in and how open‐source software aided the analysis of a negative distortion in the acoustics of Hamer Hall Arts Centre in Melbourne.