bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Centennial-Scale Climate History of Southern Brazil with Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart.) Barroso Tree-Rings
Authors: Silva Muraja Daniela Oliveira , Klausner Virginia , Prestes Alan , Aakala Tuomas , Macedo Humberto Gimenes , Rojahn da Silva Iuri
Published: September 2023

This article explores the dendrochronological potential of Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart) Barroso (Imbuia) for reconstructing past climate conditions in the General Carneiro region, Southern Brazil, utilizing well-established dendroclimatic techniques. A total of 41 samples of Imbuia were subjected to dendroclimatic analysis to reconstruct precipitation and temperature patterns over the period from 1446 to 2011. Notably, we achieved the longest reconstructions of spring precipitation and temperature for the Brazilian southern region, spanning an impressive 566-year timeframe, by employing a mean chronology approach. To achieve our objectives, we conducted a Pearson’s correlation analysis between the mean chronology and the climatic time series, with a monthly temporal resolution employed for model calibration. Impressively, our findings reveal significant correlations with coefficients as high as |rx,P| = 0.32 for precipitation and |rx,T| = 0.45 for temperature during the spring season. Importantly, our climate reconstructions may elucidate a direct influence of the El Niño—South Oscillation phenomenon on precipitation and temperature patterns, which, in turn, are intricately linked to the natural growth patterns of the Imbuia trees. These results shed valuable light on the historical climate variability in the Southern Brazil region and provide insights into the climatic drivers affecting the growth dynamics of Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart) Barroso.
Almost Boyd-Wong Type Contractions under Binary Relations with Applications to Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Alharbi Amal F. , Khan Faizan Ahmad
Published: September 2023

This article is devoted to investigating the fixed point theorems for a new contracitivity contraction, which combines the idea involved in Boyd-Wong contractions, strict almost contractions and relational contractions. Our results improve and expand existing fixed point theorems of literature. In process, we deduce a metrical fixed point theorem for strict almost Boyd-Wong contractions. To demonstrate the credibility of our results, we present a number of a few examples. Applying our findings, we find a unique solution to a particular periodic boundary value problem.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a Hybrid Thermal Management Concept at Different Discharge Rates for a Cylindrical Li-Ion Battery Module
Authors: Shahid Seham , Agelin-Chaab Martin
Published: September 2023

In this paper, an experimental and numerical study was conducted to analyze the performance of a hybrid thermal management concept for cylindrical lithium-ion battery modules at various discharge rates. The proposed concept consists of primary cooling through phase change material (PCM) and secondary cooling through vertical liquid channels between the PCM and airflow at the top of the cells. Two experimental studies were performed to obtain the temperature and heat flux profiles. In addition, the thermal performance of the battery module was obtained for 1 C, 2 C, 3 C, 5 C, and 7 C discharge rates using the numerical study. The results show that the maximum temperature was limited to ~30 °C. Additionally, the temperature uniformity in all the discharge rates was maintained below 5 °C. Finally, a meager amount of PCM was utilized during all the discharge cycles. At 1 C none of the PCM changed its phase, whereas at 2 C, 0.32%, 3 C, 0.14%, 5 C, 0.3%, and at 7 C, 0.12% of PCM changed its phase. The proposed hybrid concept can maintain the thermal environment required by the Li-ion cells for effective performance. Furthermore, this concept does not require excessive pumping fluid power and high air velocities, which reduces the energy required for the operation of the thermal management system, thereby increasing the available energy for propulsion.
Semi-Supervised Classification with A*: A Case Study on Electronic Invoicing
Authors: Panichi Bernardo , Lazzeri Alessandro
Published: September 2023

This paper addresses the time-intensive task of assigning accurate account labels to invoice entries within corporate bookkeeping. Despite the advent of electronic invoicing, many software solutions still rely on rule-based approaches that fail to address the multifaceted nature of this challenge. While machine learning holds promise for such repetitive tasks, the presence of low-quality training data often poses a hurdle. Frequently, labels pertain to invoice rows at a group level rather than an individual level, leading to the exclusion of numerous records during preprocessing. To enhance the efficiency of an invoice entry classifier within a semi-supervised context, this study proposes an innovative approach that combines the classifier with the A* graph search algorithm. Through experimentation across various classifiers, the results consistently demonstrated a noteworthy increase in accuracy, ranging between 1% and 4%. This improvement is primarily attributed to a marked reduction in the discard rate of data, which decreased from 39% to 14%. This paper contributes to the literature by presenting a method that leverages the synergy of a classifier and A* graph search to overcome challenges posed by limited and group-level label information in the realm of electronic invoicing classification.
Big Data Analytics with the Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines to Analyze Key Factors Influencing Accident Severity in Industrial Zones of Thailand: A Study on Truck and Non-Truck Collisions
Authors: Seefong Manlika , Wisutwattanasak Panuwat , Se Chamroeun , Theerathitichaipa Kestsirin , Jomnonkwao Sajjakaj , Champahom Thanapong , Ratanavaraha Vatanavongs , Kasemsri Rattanaporn
Published: September 2023

Machine learning currently holds a vital position in predicting collision severity. Identifying factors associated with heightened risks of injury and fatalities aids in enhancing road safety measures and management. Presently, Thailand faces considerable challenges with respect to road traffic accidents. These challenges are particularly acute in industrial zones, where they contribute to a rise in injuries and fatalities. The mixture of heavy traffic, comprising both trucks and non-trucks, significantly amplifies the risk of accidents. This situation, hence, generates profound concerns for road safety in Thailand. Consequently, discerning the factors that influence the severity of injuries and fatalities becomes pivotal for formulating effective road safety policies and measures. This study is specifically aimed at predicting the factors contributing to the severity of accidents involving truck and non-truck collisions in industrial zones. It considers a variety of aspects, including roadway characteristics, underlying assumptions of cause, crash characteristics, and weather conditions. Due to the fact that accident data is big data with specific characteristics and complexity, with the employment of machine learning in tandem with the Multi-variate Adaptive Regression Splines technique, we can make precise predictions to identify the factors influencing the severity of collision outcomes. The analysis demonstrates that various factors augment the severity of accidents involving trucks. These include darting in front of a vehicle, head-on collisions, and pedestrian collisions. Conversely, for non-truck related collisions, the significant factors that heighten severity are tailgating, running signs/signals, angle collisions, head-on collisions, overtaking collisions, pedestrian collisions, obstruction collisions, and collisions during overcast conditions. These findings illuminate the significant factors influencing the severity of accidents involving trucks and non-trucks. Such insights provide invaluable information for developing targeted road safety measures and policies, thereby contributing to the mitigation of injuries and fatalities.
Zirconia Dental Implants: A Closer Look at Surface Condition and Intrinsic Composition by SEM-EDX
Authors: Tchinda Alex , Lerebours Augustin , Kouitat-Njiwa Richard , Bravetti Pierre
Published: September 2023

Modern dental implantology is based on a set of more or less related first-order parameters, such as the implant surface and the intrinsic composition of the material. For decades, implant manufacturers have focused on the research and development of the ideal material combined with an optimal surface finish to ensure the success and durability of their product. However, brands do not always communicate transparently about the nature of the products they market. Thus, this study aims to compare the surface finishes and intrinsic composition of three zirconia implants from three major brands. To do so, cross-sections of the apical part of the implants to be analyzed were made with a micro-cutting machine. Samples of each implant of a 4 to 6 mm thickness were obtained. Each was analyzed by a tactile profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Compositional measurements were performed by X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The findings revealed a significant use of aluminum as a chemical substitute by manufacturers. In addition, some manufacturers do not mention the presence of this element in their implants. However, by addressing these issues and striving to improve transparency and safety standards, manufacturers have the opportunity to provide even more reliable products to patients.
Macrophages in the Inflammatory Phase following Myocardial Infarction: Role of Exogenous Ubiquitin
Authors: Shook Paige L. , Singh Mahipal , Singh Krishna
Published: September 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. One of the most common implications of CVD is myocardial infarction (MI). Following MI, the repair of the infarcted heart occurs through three distinct, yet overlapping phases of inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. Macrophages are essential to the resolution of the inflammatory phase due to their role in phagocytosis and efferocytosis. However, excessive and long-term macrophage accumulation at the area of injury and dysregulated function can induce adverse cardiac remodeling post-MI. Ubiquitin (UB) is a highly evolutionarily conserved small protein and is a normal constituent of plasma. Levels of UB are increased in the plasma during a variety of pathological conditions, including ischemic heart disease. Treatment of mice with UB associates with decreased inflammatory response and improved heart function following ischemia/reperfusion injury. This review summarizes the role of macrophages in the infarct healing process of the heart post-MI, and discusses the role of exogenous UB in myocardial remodeling post-MI and in the modulation of macrophage phenotype and function.
Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Protosalanx chinensis and Response to Air Exposure Stress
Authors: Zhou Yanfeng , Zhang Xizhao , Tang Xuemei , Zhou Yifan , Ding Yuting , Liu Hong
Published: September 2023

Protosalanx chinensis is a suitable particular species for genetic studies on nearly scaleless skin, transparency and high sensitivity to hypoxia stress. Here, we generated a high-quality chromosome-level de novo assembly of P. chinensis. The final de novo assembly yielded 379.47 Mb with 28 pseudo-chromosomes and a scaffold N50 length of 14.52 Mb. In total, 21,074 protein-coding genes were predicted. P. chinensis, Esox lucius and Hypomesus transpacificus had formed a clade, which diverged about 115.5 million years ago. In the air exposure stress experiment, we found that some genes play an essential role during P. chinensis hypoxia, such as bhlh, Cry1, Clock, Arntl and Rorb in the circadian rhythm pathway. These genomic data offer a crucial foundation for P. chinensis ecology and adaptation studies, as well as a deeper understanding of the response to air exposure stress.
RP-HPLC Separation and 1H NMR Identification of a Yellow Fluorescent Compound—Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)—Produced by the Yeast Hyphopichia wangnamkhiaoensis
Authors: Jiménez-Nava Raziel Arturo , Zepeda-Vallejo Luis Gerardo , Santoyo-Tepole Fortunata , Chávez-Camarillo Griselda Ma. , Cristiani-Urbina Eliseo
Published: September 2023

The yeast Hyphopichia wangnamkhiaoensis excretes a brilliant yellow fluorescent compound into its growth culture. In this study, we isolated and identified this compound using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (RP-HPLC-DAD) as well as 1H NMR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Two of the three RP-HPLC-DAD methods used successfully separated the fluorescent compound and involved (1) a double separation step with isocratic flow elution, first on a C18 column and later on a cyano column, and (2) a separation with a linear gradient elution on a phenyl column. The wavelengths of maximum absorption of the fluorescent compound-containing HPLC fractions (~224, 268, 372, and 446 nm) are in good agreement with those exhibited by flavins. The 1H NMR spectra revealed methyl (δ 2.30 and 2.40) and aromatic proton (δ 7.79 and 7.77) signals of riboflavin. The 1H NMR spectra of the samples spiked with riboflavin confirmed that the brilliant yellow fluorescent compound is riboflavin. The maximum excitation and emission wavelengths of the fluorescent compound were 448 and 528 nm, respectively, which are identical to those of riboflavin.
GSDME in Endothelial Cells: Inducing Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis via Mitochondrial Damage and STING Pathway Activation
Authors: Xie Shiyao , Su Enyong , Song Xiaoyue , Xue Junqiang , Yu Peng , Zhang Baoli , Liu Ming , Jiang Hong
Published: September 2023

The initiation of atherosclerotic plaque is characterized by endothelial cell inflammation. In light of gasdermin E’s (GSDME) role in pyroptosis and inflammation, this study elucidates its function in atherosclerosis onset. Employing Gsdme- and apolipoprotein E-deficient (Gsdme−/−/ApoE−/−) and ApoE−/− mice, an atherosclerosis model was created on a Western diet (WD). In vitro examinations with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) included oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) exposure. To explore the downstream mechanisms linked to GSDME, we utilized an agonist targeting the stimulator of the interferon genes (STING) pathway. The results showed significant GSDME activation in ApoE−/− mice arterial tissues, corresponding with atherogenesis. Gsdme−/−/ApoE−/− mice displayed fewer plaques and decreased vascular inflammation. Meanwhile, GSDME’s presence was confirmed in endothelial cells. GSDME inhibition reduced the endothelial inflammation induced by ox-LDL. GSDME was linked to mitochondrial damage in endothelial cells, leading to an increase in cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Notably, STING activation partially offset the effects of GSDME inhibition in both in vivo and in vitro settings. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of GSDME in endothelial cells during atherogenesis and vascular inflammation, highlighting its influence on mitochondrial damage and the STING pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for vascular pathologies.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized with Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Retrospective Population-Based Observational Study in Spain (2016–2021)
Authors: Cuadrado-Corrales Natividad , Lopez-de-Andres Ana , Hernández-Barrera Valentín , Carabantes-Alarcon David , Zamorano-Leon Jose J. , Omaña-Palanco Ricardo , Del-Barrio Jose L. , De-Miguel-Díez Javier , Jimenez-Garcia Rodrigo , Montoya Juan J.
Published: September 2023

(1) Background: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) comprises a group of rare skin diseases. We assessed diagnostic procedures, comorbidity profiles, length of hospital stay (LOHS), costs, and in-hospital mortality (IHM) associated with EB. (2) Methods: A retrospective, population-based observational study was performed using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. Hospitalized patients with EB in Spain were identified for the period 2016 to 2021. (3) Results: A total of 677 hospitalizations were identified among 342 patients with a diagnosis of EB. Fifty percent of patients had at least one readmission during the 6-year follow-up. Notably, rehospitalizations were more common among patients aged 2–17 years. The most prevalent comorbidity was digestive disorders, which were associated with the frequency of esophageal dilatation procedures and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. The longest LOHS was recorded for the 0- to 1-year age group. IHM increased with age, and the difference was statistically significant. The prevalence of malignant neoplasm was 36.88%, with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma being the most frequent. The overall cost per hospitalized patient was estimated to be EUR 10,895.22 (SD EUR 13,394.81), with significant variations between age groups. (4) Conclusions: Readmissions are very frequent among people with EB. We observed a higher LOHS in the 0- to 1-year age group, while the highest rates of IHM were observed in patients older than 50 years. There was a substantial prevalence of comorbidities, namely, digestive disorders, infectious diseases, and especially cancer.
Characterization of Morphologically Distinct Components in the Tarsal Secretion of Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea) Using Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Thomas Julian , Gorb Stanislav N. , Büscher Thies H.
Published: September 2023

Attachment to the substrate is an important phenomenon that determines the survival of many organisms. Most insects utilize wet adhesion to support attachment, which is characterized by fluids that are secreted into the interface between the tarsus and the substrates. Previous research has investigated the composition and function of tarsal secretions of different insect groups, showing that the secretions are likely viscous emulsions that contribute to attachment by generating capillary and viscous adhesion, leveling surface roughness and providing self-cleaning of the adhesive systems. Details of the structural organization of these secretions are, however, largely unknown. Here, we analyzed footprints originating from the arolium and euplantulae of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata using cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) and white light interferometry (WLI). The secretion was investigated with cryo-SEM, revealing four morphologically distinguishable components. The 3D WLI measurements of the droplet shapes and volumes over time revealed distinctly different evaporation rates for different types of droplets. Our results indicate that the subfunctionalization of the tarsal secretion is facilitated by morphologically distinct components, which are likely a result of different proportions of components within the emulsion. Understanding these components and their functions may aid in gaining insights for developing adaptive and multifunctional biomimetic adhesive systems.
A Review of Manufacturing Methods for Flexible Devices and Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Han Yuntao , Cui Yunwei , Liu Xuxian , Wang Yaqun
Published: September 2023

Given the advancements in modern living standards and technological development, conventional smart devices have proven inadequate in meeting the demands for a high-quality lifestyle. Therefore, a revolution is necessary to overcome this impasse and facilitate the emergence of flexible electronics. Specifically, there is a growing focus on health detection, necessitating advanced flexible preparation technology for biosensor-based smart wearable devices. Nowadays, numerous flexible products are available on the market, such as electronic devices with flexible connections, bendable LED light arrays, and flexible radio frequency electronic tags for storing information. The manufacturing process of these devices is relatively straightforward, and their integration is uncomplicated. However, their functionality remains limited. Further research is necessary for the development of more intricate applications, such as intelligent wearables and energy storage systems. Taking smart wear as an example, it is worth noting that the current mainstream products on the market primarily consist of bracelet-type health testing equipment. They exhibit limited flexibility and can only be worn on the wrist for measurement purposes, which greatly limits their application diversity. Flexible energy storage and flexible display also face the same problem, so there is still a lot of room for development in the field of flexible electronics manufacturing. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the developmental history of flexible devices, systematically summarizing representative preparation methods and typical applications, identifying challenges, proposing solutions, and offering prospects for future development.
Effect of Agricultural Phragmites, Rice Straw, Rice Husk, and Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes on the Properties and Microstructure of High-Strength Self-Compacted Self-Curing Concrete
Authors: Marzouk Hanan A. , Arab Mohammed A. , Fattouh Mohy S. , Hamouda Asmaa S.
Published: September 2023

Each year, billions of tons of agricultural waste are generated globally. Egypt, being an agriculturally centered nation, faces significant challenges in disposing of this waste and coping with self-germinating plants that negatively impact agriculture. The common practice among farmers is to burn the waste, which exacerbates environmental concerns. With the global shift towards eco-friendly concrete, this study explores the utilization of agricultural waste ashes, particularly those abundant in Egypt and numerous other countries worldwide. Among the researched waste ashes are Phragmites ash (PGA), sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), rice husk ash (RHA), and rice straw ash (RSA). This investigation examines the impact of partially substituting cement with varying ash percentages from these wastes on the characteristics and properties of fresh and hardened high-strength self-compacting self-curing concrete (HSSCSCC). The findings indicate the potential applicability of these ashes in producing HSSCSCC, specifically highlighting the promising outcome of PG ash, which exhibited favorable results as a new type of natural ash suitable for the concrete industry.
Evaluation of a Multipart Implicit Bias Educational Program Designed for a Non-Profit Organization
Authors: Naidoo Devin , Echarri-Gonzalez Andrea , Levitt Sarah , Mass Alexander , Smith Eric , Lamonica Daryle , Hall Julianne
Published: September 2023

Children’s access and opportunities to play sports are influenced by categories of difference, such as gender, race, and socioeconomic status. In order to provide an inclusive community and facilitate the recruitment and retention of diverse youth, athletic organizations should be aware of implicit bias and how this can affect the relationship between volunteers and the children they serve. This paper presents a formative process evaluation of a diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) training program for a non-profit athletic organization. Training was implemented in person in a group setting with multiple opportunities for group discussion. Mixed methods were used to monitor (1) the implementation of training, (2) its effects on attitudes throughout training, and (3) impact one month after training. Findings demonstrate that the program increased participants’ ability to identify DEI initiatives and sense of belonging to the organization, but these effects had declined by the end of the first month after training. However, participants’ self-beliefs regarding DEI and overall willingness to engage in DEI activities remained enhanced one month after training. Qualitative data were helpful in providing insight into how training impacted participants and their interactions within and outside of the organization. Through this mixed methods approach, we can conclude that DEI training did in fact have a positive impact on the organization, but further evaluation and training may be necessary to address the decline in some effects seen one month after training.
Impact of Sepsis on the Oncologic Outcomes of Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Said Sherin A. , de Hullu Joanne A. , van der Aa Maaike A. , Walraven Janneke E. W. , Bekkers Ruud L. M. , Slangen Brigitte F. M. , Pickkers Peter , van Altena Anne M.
Published: September 2023

Objective: The sepsis-induced inflammatory response may potentially affect malignant cells. Recently, a case of spontaneous regression of a histologically confirmed International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIC epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) following sepsis was reported. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of sepsis on the oncologic outcomes of advanced-stage EOC patients. Methods: Gynecologic oncologic patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of three oncologic centers between 2006 and 2019 were identified and patients who experienced sepsis following advanced-stage EOC diagnosis were selected. Survival outcomes were compared with advanced-stage EOC patients from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR). To correct for case-mix differences, propensity score matching using 1:3 nearest neighbor matching was conducted after which survival analyses were repeated. Results: A total of 18 of 215 patients with advanced-stage EOC experienced sepsis. Sepsis patients had similar distributions of patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics to 3988 patients from the NCR cohort. A total of 3 of 18 patients died from the complications of sepsis. While the remaining patients initially responded to treatment, 14/15 patients relapsed. The median (IQR) overall survival was 31 (24–44) and 35 (20–60) months for the sepsis and unmatched NCR cohort (p = 0.56), respectively. The median (IQR) progression-free survival was 16 (11–21) and 16 (11–27) months (p = 0.90), respectively. Survival outcomes did not differ following propensity matching (overall survival of 31 (24–44) vs. 36 (20–56) months, p = 0.40; progression-free survival of 16 (11–21) and 16 (12–21) months, p = 0.72). Conclusion: In this observational study, the occurrence of sepsis did not affect the oncologic and survival outcomes of advanced-stage EOC patients.
Is Insulin Receptor Substrate4 (IRS4) a Platform Involved in the Activation of Several Oncogenes?
Authors: Guijarro Luis G. , Justo Bermejo Francisco Javier , Boaru Diego Liviu , De Castro-Martinez Patricia , De Leon-Oliva Diego , Fraile-Martínez Oscar , Garcia-Montero Cielo , Alvarez-Mon Melchor , Toledo-Lobo María del Val , Ortega Miguel A.
Published: September 2023

The IRS (insulin receptor substrate) family of scaffold proteins includes insulin receptor substrate-4 (IRS4), which is expressed only in a few cell lines, including human kidney, brain, liver, and thymus and some cell lines. Its N-terminus carries a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain and a pleckstrin homology domain (PH), which distinguishes it as a member of this family. In this paper, we collected data about the molecular mechanisms that explain the relevance of IRS4 in the development of cancer and identify IRS4 differences that distinguish it from IRS1 and IRS2. Search engines and different databases, such as PubMed, UniProt, ENSEMBL and SCANSITE 4.0, were used. We used the name of the protein that it encodes “(IRS-4 or IRS4)”, or the combination of these terms with the word “(cancer)” or “(human)”, for searches. Terms related to specific tumor pathologies (“breast”, “ovary”, “colon”, “lung”, “lymphoma”, etc.) were also used. Despite the lack of knowledge on IRS4, it has been reported that some cancers and benign tumors are characterized by high levels of IRS-4 expression. Specifically, the role of IRS-4 in different types of digestive tract neoplasms, gynecological tumors, lung cancers, melanomas, hematological tumors, and other less common types of cancers has been shown. IRS4 differs from IRS1 and IRS2 in that can activate several oncogenes that regulate the PI3K/Akt cascade, such as BRK and FER, which are characterized by tyrosine kinase-like activity without regulation via extracellular ligands. In addition, IRS4 can activate the CRKL oncogene, which is an adapter protein that regulates the MAP kinase cascade. Knowledge of the role played by IRS4 in cancers at the molecular level, specifically as a platform for oncogenes, may enable the identification and validation of new therapeutic targets.
An Interpretable Three-Dimensional Artificial Intelligence Model for Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Lung Nodules in Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Hung Sheng-Chieh , Wang Yao-Tung , Tseng Ming-Hseng
Published: September 2023

Lung cancer is typically classified into small-cell carcinoma and non-small-cell carcinoma. Non-small-cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) can quickly and non-invasively diagnose lung cancer. In the era of deep learning, an artificial intelligence (AI) computer-aided diagnosis system can be developed for the automatic recognition of CT images of patients, creating a new form of intelligent medical service. For many years, lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Taiwan, with smoking and air pollution increasing the likelihood of developing the disease. The incidence of lung adenocarcinoma in never-smoking women has also increased significantly in recent years, resulting in an important public health problem. Early detection of lung cancer and prompt treatment can help reduce the mortality rate of patients with lung cancer. In this study, an improved 3D interpretable hierarchical semantic convolutional neural network named HSNet was developed and validated for the automatic diagnosis of lung cancer based on a collection of lung nodule images. The interpretable AI model proposed in this study, with different training strategies and adjustment of model parameters, such as cyclic learning rate and random weight averaging, demonstrated better diagnostic performance than the previous literature, with results of a four-fold cross-validation procedure showing calcification: 0.9873 ± 0.006, margin: 0.9207 ± 0.009, subtlety: 0.9026 ± 0.014, texture: 0.9685 ± 0.006, sphericity: 0.8652 ± 0.021, and malignancy: 0.9685 ± 0.006.
The Association between Lymph Node Dissection and Survival in Lymph Node-Negative Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Ślusarczyk Aleksander , Zapała Piotr , Piecha Tomasz , Rajwa Paweł , Moschini Marco , Radziszewski Piotr
Published: September 2023

The benefit of lymph node dissection (LND) during radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) in lymph node (LN)-negative (cN0/pN0) UTUC remains controversial. We aimed to assess the association between LND and its extent and survival in LN-negative UTUC. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was searched to identify patients with non-metastatic chemotherapy-naïve cN0/pNx or pN0 UTUC who underwent RNU +/− LND between 2004 and 2019. Overall, 4649 patients with cN0/pNx or pN0 UTUC were analyzed, including 909 (19.55%) individuals who had LND. Among them, only in 368 patients (7.92%) was LND extended to at least four LNs, and the remaining 541 patients (11.64%) have had < four LNs removed. In the whole cohort, LND contributed to better cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Furthermore, a propensity score-matched analysis adjusted for confounders confirmed that improved CSS and OS was achieved only when ≥ four LNs had been removed, especially in muscle-invasive UTUC. A multivariable analysis further confirmed an association between the extent of LND and CSS. To conclude, adequate LND during RNU was associated with improved OS and CSS in LN-negative UTUC, particularly in muscle-invasive stage. This underscores that a sufficient LN yield is required to reveal a therapeutic benefit in patients undergoing RNU.
Photocatalysis: A Possible Vital Contributor to the Evolution of the Prebiotic Atmosphere and the Warming of the Early Earth
Authors: Cheng Chuchu , Xu Fangjie , Shi Wenwen , Wang Qiaoyun , Huang Caijin
Published: September 2023

The evolution of the early atmosphere was driven by changes in its chemical composition, which involved the formation of some critical gases. In this study, we demonstrate that nitrous oxide (N2O) can be produced from Miller’s early atmosphere (a mixture of CH4, NH3, H2, and H2O) by way of photocatalysis. Both NH3 and H2O were indispensable for the production of N2O by photocatalysis. Different conditions related to seawater and reaction temperature are also explored. N2O has a strong greenhouse gas effect, which is more able to warm the Earth than other gases and offers a reasonable explanation for the faint young Sun paradox on the early Earth. Moreover, the decomposition of N2O into N2 and O2 can be boosted by soft irradiation, providing a possible and important origin of atmospheric O2 and N2. The occurrence of O2 propelled the evolution of the atmosphere from being fundamentally reducing to oxidizing. This work describes a possible vital contribution of photocatalysis to the evolution of the early atmosphere.
Regulatory Mechanisms That Guide the Fetal to Postnatal Transition of Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Burgon Patrick G. , Weldrick Jonathan J. , Talab Omar Mohamed Sayed Ahmed , Nadeer Muhammad , Nomikos Michail , Megeney Lynn A.
Published: September 2023

Heart disease remains a global leading cause of death and disability, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the heart’s development, repair, and dysfunction. This review surveys recent discoveries that explore the developmental transition of proliferative fetal cardiomyocytes into hypertrophic postnatal cardiomyocytes, a process yet to be well-defined. This transition is key to the heart’s growth and has promising therapeutic potential, particularly for congenital or acquired heart damage, such as myocardial infarctions. Although significant progress has been made, much work is needed to unravel the complex interplay of signaling pathways that regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and hypertrophy. This review provides a detailed perspective for future research directions aimed at the potential therapeutic harnessing of the perinatal heart transitions.
Use of Automatic Dishwashers and Their Programs in Europe with a Special Focus on Energy Consumption
Authors: Tewes Thomas J. , Harcq Laurence , Bockmühl Dirk P.
Published: September 2023

Due to the current high awareness and rising energy costs, the energy label of domestic appliances is an important indicator for consumers when buying a dishwasher. However, not all consumers use efficient Eco cycles on a regular basis. When investigating the use of domestic dishwashers and the chosen programs in a survey with 6090 participants from 11 countries in Europe, it turned out that only 25% used Eco cycles regularly while the vast majority of 48% prefer to use Normal/Auto cycles. We also assessed individual energy and water consumption as well as duration and temperature of the programs. Considering the fact that Eco programs are not well accepted due to their duration, our study shows that Short programs, which on average only last about 30 min and consume little energy and water, might be an economical and convenient alternative to the more time-consuming Eco programs. In fact, some Short programs considered in this study proved to consume less energy for a full dishwasher load (0.74 kWh on average) than the standard Eco programs (0.90 kWh on average), especially due to their shorter duration, but it is important to note that, according to the manufacturer, these programs are designed for rather lightly soiled dishes.
The Application of UAVs in the Evaluation of Thermal Comfort Levels in Buildings Equipped with Internal Greenhouses
Authors: Conceição Maria Inês , Conceição Eusébio , Grilo António , Basiri Meysam , Awbi Hazim
Published: September 2023

A greenhouse is used to improve thermal comfort (TC) levels for its occupants in winter conditions using solar radiation, which involves low energy consumption. The aim of this research is the application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the evaluation of thermal comfort levels in buildings equipped with internal greenhouses. The new building design is developed numerically, and a building thermal simulator (BTS) numerical model calculates the indoor environmental variables. A new alternative and expeditious method to measure occupants’ comfort levels using UAV technology is applied using a UAV dynamic simulator (UAV DS). The evolution of the measured variables used for evaluating the predicted mean vote (PMV) is compared using the two numerical methodologies: BTS and UAV DS. In the second one, the mean radiant temperature (MRT) measuring methodology, the floor temperature, the lateral walls’ temperatures, the ceiling temperatures, and the air temperature are applied. In the method presented in this paper, a new building design is developed numerically, which includes a central greenhouse equipped with a semispherical dome, four auditoriums distributed around the central greenhouse, occupant distribution, and a ventilation methodology. The building geometry, the solar radiation on transparent surfaces, the TC, and the UAV mission methods are presented. The results show that, in general, the central greenhouse and the ventilation methodologies provide acceptable TC levels. The UAV monitoring mission, which includes two vehicles, provides good environmental variable replication, particularly when the environmental variables present greater variations. In the auditorium and greenhouse, the ceiling and lateral surface temperatures, respectively, can be used as an MRT approximation. The BTS numerical model is also important for developing buildings using renewable energy sources to improve the TC levels.
Low-Stress Abrasion of Novel Ni-P-Tribaloy Composite Coating
Authors: Mabrouk Ahmed , Farhat Zoheir , Islam Md.
Published: September 2023

Degradation of industrial machinery through wear can be mitigated with the deposition of protective coatings to reduce maintenance costs and prolong their service lifespans. Electroless nickel-based composite coatings is one possible method used to provide this protection. The addition of Tribaloy (CoMoCrSi alloy) particles has been found to produce composite coatings with high toughness. In this work, electroless Ni-P-Tribaloy composite coatings were plated on AISI 1018 steel substrates and subjected to low-stress abrasion tests following ASTM G65 standards to investigate the abrasion of the coating. The test was performed at 10 revolution increments, with a 45 N applied load, until coating failure was observed and the measured abrasion was reported as volume loss. The two Ni-P-Tribaloy coating samples lasted for 90 and 100 revolutions, exhibiting a wear rate of 0.170 mm3 per revolution, compared to 0.135 mm3 per revolution for the Ni-P coatings. The abrasive wear mechanism in the Ni-P-Tribaloy coating was found to be plowing of the matrix around the Tribaloy particles, followed by the removal of the particles once they are protruding, which subsequently contributes to the three-body wear of the coating. The particle removal was accelerated at the coating particle-matrix interface. It is concluded that the size of the Tribaloy is a major factor, and we recommend that further studies be carried out using finer particles to improve the wear resistance of the Ni-P-Tribaloy coating.
Factors Affecting the Strength Formation Mechanism and Water Stability of Geopolymer Stabilized Phosphogypsum in Road Construction
Authors: Wu Yi , Zhang Hanbin , Lin Haikun , Wu Xueting , Li Heng , Liu Yamei , Gu Gonghui , Xu Jin , Chen Shengying , Tang Haojun , He Hualuo , Zheng Wenkai , Xu Fang
Published: September 2023

By adjusting the content of geopolymer in geopolymer stabilized phosphogypsum (GSP) as roadbed filler, along with the mixing ratio, this paper mainly explores tendencies in the mechanical properties and water stability of GSP. This research is based on macro-mechanical properties such as unconfined compressive strength, resilience modulus, California bearing ratio and shear strength. It is also based on water stability tests, such as the water soaking test, dry and wet cycle test and expansion test, to explore changes in water stability. As for the durability of GSP, this paper is mainly based on the realization of a long time observation of mechanical properties and water stability. In the existing research, most of the stabilized phosphogypsum (PG) base material or roadbed filler consists of cement, lime, etc. In this paper, a new exploration is carried out on the composition of stabilized PG material, realized without the participation of cement. The 28 d compressive strength of GSP reaches 2.5 MPa, and over time this strength grows, which prevents the phenomenon of strength inversion that may occur in conventional cement-stabilized PG. In addition, a long-term soaking experiment was designed in this study based on the material after the strength was stabilized for up to 90 d. After the strength was steady, the GSP with the best water stability still had a softening coefficient of 80% after experiencing water immersion for 7 d. After determining the feasibility of the mechanical properties and water stability of GSP as roadbed filler, we further explored the strength formation mechanism of GSP by microscopic tests (XRD and SEM). This shows that geopolymer can stabilize PG in two main ways: one is the hydration reaction with PG to generate C-S-H gel and ettringite, and the other is to connect PG not involved in the chemical reaction to form a dense whole through generated hydration products. Geopolymer, stabilizing a high amount of PG, not only provides a new method for the consumption of PG, but also has more stable performance than cement, and has certain advantages in economy. In addition, the advantage of this study is that good performance can be achieved by simply sieving PG and adjusting the geopolymer ratio in practical engineering projects.
Structural and Luminescence Properties of Eu-Doped PMO Films with Ethylene Bridge and Methyl Terminal Groups
Authors: Rasadujjaman Md , Zhang Jinming , Vishnevskiy Alexey S. , Zhang Jing , Baklanov Mikhail R.
Published: September 2023

Eu-doped periodic mesoporous organosilicate (PMO) films with terminal methyl and ethylene bridging groups have been synthesized using sol-gel technology and spin-coating, employing evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA), on silicon wafers. Eu doping is achieved by the dissolution of Eu(NO3)3·6H2O in the precursor solution. The deposited films are characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ellipsometric porosimetry (EP), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy. It is observed that Eu doping reduces the concentration of terminal methyl groups, makes the films more hydrophilic and reduces the pore size and open porosity. The reduction reaction Eu3+ → Eu2+ occurs in the pores of organosilicate glass (OSG) films, which was confirmed by the depth profiling XPS. Eu3+ was still present on the top surface of the films. The presence of Eu3+ and Eu2+ gives luminescence emission in the range of 600–630 nm (Eu3+) and 290–400 nm (Eu2+). The Eu2+/Eu3+ concentrations ratio depends on CH3 groups concentration in the films. The concentration of Eu2+ ions in the pores can be reduced by exposure to inductively coupled (ICP) oxygen plasma. The observed shift in the luminescence spectra towards the UV region, in comparison to previously reported Eu-doped organosilicate films, can be attributed to the energy transfer occurring between the host material and Eu2+ ions.
Evaluating Video Games as Tools for Education on Fake News and Misinformation
Authors: Contreras-Espinosa Ruth S. , Eguia-Gomez Jose Luis
Published: September 2023

Despite access to reliable information being essential for equal opportunities in our society, current school curricula only include some notions about media literacy in a limited context. Thus, it is necessary to create scenarios for reflection on and a well-founded analysis of misinformation. Video games may be an effective approach to foster these skills and can seamlessly integrate learning content into their design, enabling achieving multiple learning outcomes and building competencies that can transfer to real-life situations. We analyzed 24 video games about media literacy by studying their content, design, and characteristics that may affect their implementation in learning settings. Even though not all learning outcomes considered were equally addressed, the results show that media literacy video games currently on the market could be used as effective tools to achieve critical learning goals and may allow users to understand, practice, and implement skills to fight misinformation, regardless of their complexity in terms of game mechanics. However, we detected that certain characteristics of video games may affect their implementation in learning environments, such as their availability, estimated playing time, approach, or whether they include real or fictional worlds, variables that should be further considered by both developers and educators.
Implementation of Phase Transitions in Rb3H(SO4)2 under K Substitution
Authors: Timakov Ivan S. , Komornikov Vladimir A. , Selezneva Elena V. , Grebenev Vadim V.
Published: September 2023

A series of solid acid compounds, representing the large family MmHn(AO4)(m + n)/2·yH2O (where M = K, Rb, Cs, NH4; AO4 = SO4, SeO4, HPO4, HAsO4), is characterized by high values of own proton conductivity, which arises as a result of a phase transition through the formation of a dynamically disordered hydrogen bond network. Such superprotonic phase transitions are observed, however, not for all compounds of the family and Rb3H(SO4)2 is one of them. The occurrence of superprotonic phase transitions has been experimentally demonstrated in the (KxRb1−x)3H(SO4)2 solid solutions through cation substitution. The high-temperature phases are unstable towards decomposition reaction, and their temperature range of existence is about 1–7 °C. The implementation of superprotonic transitions is discussed in terms of hydrogen bond lengths.