bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing older and younger adults' valuation of friendly destination attributes: a mixed-method empirical study
Authors: Yen Chang-Hua , Tsaur Sheng-Hshiung , Ho Chin-Ying
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The friendliness of a destination is a key factor influencing tourists' destination selection. However, few studies have explored the construct of friendly tourism destinations. The purpose of this study was to establish a typological framework of friendly tourism destinations and compare older and younger adults' valuations of friendly destination attributes.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-method approach was used; in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 tourism stakeholders. Content analysis of the collected data was performed to construct a friendly tourism destination framework.

Findings

The framework consisted of 37 categories, which were classified into six themes: transportation and infrastructure, friendly tourism environments, government policies and tourism promotion measures, tourism products and activities, tourism information services and friendly residents. Furthermore, survey data from 1,153 respondents in Taiwan revealed that older adults valued friendly tourism environments and friendly residents more highly than younger adults did.

Research limitations/implications

The participants were all from Taiwan; therefore, the results might not be applicable to tourists in other countries or regions. Furthermore, this study only compared the valuations of older and younger adults for the attributes of friendly tourism destinations.

Practical implications

Friendly tourism destination categories can provide a reference for tourists when making travel decisions. The framework provides destination marketers with a new tool for managing friendly tourism destinations. The findings can act as a reference for travel suppliers seeking to improve tourism-friendly services.

Originality/value

This study introduced a multifaceted framework for developing friendly tourism destinations from a holistic perspective. The results contribute to the tourism literature, revealing that younger and older adults have different valuations for the attributes of friendly tourism destinations.
Assessment of ride comfort of traction elevators using ISO 18738-1:2012 and ISO 2631-4: 2001 standards
Authors: Li Conglin , Lu Jiawei , Lai Jiankun , Yao Junbo , Xiao Gang
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Ride comfort is one of the important factors affecting passenger health. Therefore, the elevator industry usually uses the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 18738-1 standard to evaluate elevator ride quality and optimize elevator design. However, this method has certain limitations in its evaluation of comfort due to the problem of boundary division. The ISO 2631-4 standard is used as a general method of comfort evaluation in the current rail transit system, but it has not been applied in the elevator industry. In order to explore the difference and connection between the two standards, the author aims to conduct a detailed analysis on this.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the elevator internet, a large amount of measured data of normal and abnormal vibration of elevator car were collected and analyzed and preprocessed; based on ISO 18738-1:2012 standard and ISO 2631-4:2001 standard, the differences of ride comfort assessment methods in the two standards were analyzed, and the ride comfort assessment study of elevator under normal and abnormal vibration conditions was carried out.

Findings

The experimental results show that the comfort assessment results of ISO 2631-4:2001 standard and ISO18738-1:2012 standard are consistent under two vibration conditions. At the same time, ISO 2631-4:2001 can not only provide a more accurate quantitative description of comfort, but also roughly determine the comfort interval of each vibration, which can provide theoretical reference for elevator vibration classification and car comfort design.

Originality/value

The authors designed an Internet of Things (IOT)-based elevator vibration signal acquisition method to address the shortcomings of the previous elevator ride comfort assessment methods, which can realize the dynamic assessment of elevator ride comfort; by comparing the assessment results of elevator ride comfort under normal vibration and abnormal vibration, the feasibility of ISO 2631-4:2001 for elevator ride comfort assessment was fully verified. In addition, the experimental results also give the influence of abnormal vibration on elevator riding comfort under the stages of start-stop, uniform speed, acceleration and deceleration, which can provide theoretical support for elevator vibration suppression and comfort transformation.
30 years of psychological ownership theory: a bibliometric review and guide for management scholars
Authors: Renz Franziska M. , Posthuma Richard
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study systematically reviews the literature on psychological ownership theory since its inception 30 years ago. Psychological ownership describes why and how individuals inform their identities by taking ownership. The authors provide guidance and support to management scholars to access the field and make meaningful contributions to the literature.

Design/methodology/approach

A variety of bibliometric techniques for performance analyses and science mapping is implemented to examine quantitative bibliographic data of 178 studies on psychological ownership. The data are obtained from Web of Science. The VOSviewer science mapping framework is employed to perform the analyses.

Findings

Co-authorship, citation and keyword co-occurrence networks indicate the social structures, most influential authors, publications and journals, as well as topics of past research and avenues for future investigation in the field of psychological ownership. While the authors of the seminal studies Pierce et al. (2001, 2003) have shaped the field over the past decades, the future of psychological ownership research requires stronger collaborations across the globe to advance the field from the individual level to the group and organization level.

Originality/value

This study is the first to comprehensively analyze the management literature on psychological ownership from a historical perspective using a systematic approach, bibliometric procedures and quantitative data. Insightful guidance and avenues for future investigation are offered to move psychological ownership research forward.
Effects of perceived organisational politics and effort–reward imbalance on work outcomes – the moderating role of mindfulness
Authors: Murtaza Ghulam , Roques Olivier , Talpur Qurat-ul-ain , Khan Rahman , Haq Inam Ul
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effects of mindfulness on the relationships between work stressors (perceived organisational politics [POP] and effort–reward imbalance [ERI]) and work outcomes (job burnout [JBO] and job satisfaction [JS]).

Design/methodology/approach

Time-lagged data were collected from public sector employees in France and Pakistan. The final samples (France, N = 204; Pakistan, N = 217) were tested using multiple moderating regression.

Findings

Mindfulness moderates the relationship between work stressors and work outcomes. Mindfulness serves as a personal resource for employees: it mitigates the negative influence that POP and ERI have on JBO and JS.

Originality/value

This study extends current knowledge on the relationships between work stressors and work outcomes across cultures by testing mindfulness as a valuable personal resource.
Dynamic capabilities and FDI in conflict zones: the role of diversification and stock management capabilities
Authors: Abdelzaher Dina , Ramadan Nora
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Despite the increased level of national conflict around the world, outward foreign direct investment (FDI) targeting these areas has increased. This study aims to adopt a dynamic capability lens to examine the relationship between firm capabilities and the level of conflict in their FDI portfolio. The paper argues that conflict zones may be an attractive destination for a subset of firms, given their capability profile.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors draw from a sample of US Fortune 500 firms (2019) to examine their FDI destinations; specifically, they collected data on the locations of their foreign subsidiaries, which resulted into a final sample of 118 diversified US firms. The model was analyzed using ordinary least squares multiple regression to predict the extent to which their FDI portfolios have ongoing domestic and international conflict and the impact of expansion in such conflict-stricken markets on firm financial performance (ROA).

Findings

The authors find that firms with greater international geographical diversification capabilities, as depicted by their geographic spread, and those with greater local stock management capability, as depicted by their initial public offering maturity, are more likely to launch subsidiaries in high ongoing conflict zones. Furthermore, the authors find that while it may be unprofitable for firms to seek FDI in high-conflict zones, firms that operate in strategic industries (manufacturing, infrastructure, natural resource extraction) experienced positive performance. This can be attributed to the fact that firms operating in these sectors are more likely to directly profit in the reconstruction/rebuilding of such conflict-stricken markets.

Originality/value

While previous literature focused on macro-level factors, this study sought to highlight firm-level factors that determine FDI decision in conflict zones. The authors capture different dimensions/sources of firms’ dynamic capability, one resulting from foreign experience (i.e. geographic diversification) and the other from local experience (i.e. domestic stock management) to assess how each correlate with multinational corporations’ level of conflict in their FDI portfolio. Furthermore, the authors contribute to the understanding of the relationship between expansion in conflict zones and firm performance and highlight that industry does matter. Implications from this study highlight the importance of building risk management capabilities to handle not just expansion in conflict zones but also during challenging times like those brought about by pandemics.
Thermo-fluid flow behavior of the IN718 molten pool in the laser directed energy deposition process under magnetic field
Authors: Zhou Yang , Qu Wenying , Zhou Fan , Li Xinggang , Song Lijun , Zhu Qiang
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to understand the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) mechanism in the molten pool under different modes of magnetic field. The comparison focuses on the Lorenz force excitation and its effect on the melt flow and solidification parameters, intending to obtain practical references for the design of magnetic field-assisted laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) equipment.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-dimensional transient multi-physical model, coupled with MHD and thermodynamic, was established. The dimension and microstructure of the molten pool under a 0T magnetic field was used as a benchmark for accuracy verification. The interaction between the melt flow and the Lorenz force is compared under a static magnetic field in the X-, Y- and Z-directions, and also an oscillating and alternating magnetic field.

Findings

The numerical results indicate that the chaotic fluctuation of melt flow trends to stable under the magnetostatic field, while a periodically oscillating melt flow could be obtained by applying a nonstatic magnetic field. The Y and Z directional applied magnetostatic field shows the effective damping effect, while the two nonstatic magnetic fields discussed in this paper have almost the same effect on melt flow. Since the heat transfer inside the molten pool is dominated by convection, the application of a magnetic field has a limited effect on the temperature gradient and solidification rate at the solidification interface due to the convection mode of melt flow is still Marangoni convection.

Originality/value

This work provided a deeper understanding of the interaction mechanism between the magnetic field and melt flow inside the molten pool, and provided practical references for magnetic field-assisted L-DED equipment design.
Extrinsic apoptosis and senescence involved in growth kinetics of seminoma to cisplatin
Authors: Yin Yinghao , Peng Jingxuan , Zheng Xiaoping , Zhou Jun , Wang Yong , Dai Yingbo , Yin Guangming , Tang Yuxin
Published: October 2022

Seminoma is the most common type of testicular germ cell tumour and is highly sensitive to cisplatin therapy, which has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we comprehensively monitored dynamic changes of TCam‐2 cells after cisplatin treatment. At an early stage, we found that both low and high concentrations of cisplatin induced the S‐phase arrest in TCam‐2 cells. By contrast, the G0G1 arrest was caused by cisplatin in teratoma NTERA‐2 cells. Afterwards, high concentrations of cisplatin promoted the extrinsic apoptosis and high expressions of related genes (Fas/FasL‐caspase‐8/‐3) in TCam‐2 cells. However, when decreasing the cisplatin, the apoptotic cells were significantly reduced, and accompanied by cells showing senescence‐like morphology, positive SA‐β‐gal staining and up‐regulation of senescence‐related genes (p53, p21 and p16). Furthermore, the cell cycle analysis revealed that most of the senescent TCam‐2 cells were irreversibly arrested in the G2M phase. G2M arrest was also observed in NTERA‐2 cells treated with a low concentration of cisplatin, while no senescence‐related phenotype was discovered. In addition, we detected the γ‐H2AX, a DNA damage marker protein, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and found both of which were elevated with the increase of cisplatin in TCam‐2 cells. In conclusion, the extrinsic apoptosis and senescence are involved in the growth kinetics of TCam‐2 cells to cisplatin, which provide some implications for studies on cisplatin and seminoma.
Pursuing individualism without feminism: Leisure life and gender politics of young female bar‐goers in urban China
Authors: Huang Yanhua , Liu Zixi
Published: October 2022

Drawing upon fieldwork data collected among young female bar‐goers in China, we examine the gender politics manifested by their leisure activities and argue that these young women are pursuing individualism without feminism. By analyzing the act of bar hopping, we reveal the internal tension of individuation, which urges women to engage in gender labor in order to obtain preferential treatment regarding consumption and a competitive advantage in esthetic femininity. This indicates that the central axis of Chinese women's individualization is a hybrid of neoliberal individuals and essentialist gender roles. It encourages women to see themselves voluntarily as subordinate subjects in market transactions and feminized objects under male scrutiny. The pursuit of individualism without feminism prevents women from overcoming the highly gendered settings of bar scenarios, or imagining the female as a whole group with communal solidarity. The Chinese female individual manifests herself as a hostage of the collusion between the commodification of social life and a conservative gender regime. The case of China brings the individualization thesis out of its original compressed‐modernity framework and indicates that East Asia's quest for modernity must address the compressed conditions of individualism and feminism simultaneously.
Can artificial intelligence‐augmented fetal monitoring prevent intrapartum stillbirth and neonatal death in a low‐income setting: An observational study?
Authors: Chiweza Chikondi , Iwuh Ibe , Hasan Abida , Malata Address , Belfort Michael , Wilkinson Jeffrey
Published: October 2022

This article includes Author Insights, a video abstract available at: https://vimeo.com/758012058
ecochange: An R‐package to derive ecosystem change indicators from freely available earth observation products
Authors: Lara Wilson , Londoño Maria C. , Gonzalez Ivan , Gutierrez‐Velez Victor H.
Published: October 2022

Spatial resources accessible for the derivation of biodiversity indicators of the class ecosystem structure are sparse and disparate, and their integration into computer algorithms for biodiversity monitoring remains problematic. We describe ecochange as an R‐package that integrates spatial analyses with a monitoring workflow for computing routines necessary for biodiversity monitoring.

The ecochange comprises three modules for data integration, statistical analysis and graphics. The first module currently downloads and integrates diverse remote sensing products belonging to the essential biodiversity class of structure. The module for statistical analysis calculates RasterStack ecosystem‐change representations across areas of interest; this module also allows focusing on species habitats while deriving changes in a variety of indicators, including ecosystem areas, conditional entropy and fractal dimension indices. The graphics module produces level and bar plots that ease the development of indicator reports.

Its functionality is described with an example workflow to calculate ecosystem‐class areas and conditional entropy across an area of interest contained in the package documentation.

We conclude that ecochange features procedures necessary to derive ecosystem structure indicators integrating the retrieval of spatially explicit data with the use of workflows to calculate/visualize biodiversity indicators at the national/regional scales.
CRABS: Congruent rate analyses in birth–death scenarios
Authors: Höhna Sebastian , Kopperud Bjørn T. , Magee Andrew F.
Published: October 2022

Diversification rates inferred from phylogenies are not identifiable if the rates are allowed to vary freely over time. There are infinitely many combinations of speciation and extinction rate functions that have the exact same likelihood score for a given phylogeny, building a congruence class. The specific shape and characteristics of such congruence classes have not yet been studied. Whether speciation and extinction rate functions within a congruence class share common features is also not known.

Prior hypotheses typically render diversification rates identifiable, but the results then depend on these a priori hypotheses and assumptions. To test the robustness of diversification results to these a priori hypotheses, we use two different approaches to explore congruence classes: (i) constructing congruent models under alternative hypotheses and (ii) sampling alternative rate function within the congruence class.

Our methods are implemented in the open‐source R package CRABS (https://github.com/afmagee/CRABS). CRABS provides a flexible approach to explore the congruence class and provides summaries of rate functions within a congruence class. The summaries can highlight common trends, that is, increasing, flat or decreasing rates.

Although there are infinitely many equally likely diversification rate functions, these can share common features. CRABS can be used to assess if diversification rate patterns are robust despite the non‐identifiability of the birth–death model. In our example, we clearly identify three phases of diversification rate changes that are common among all models which we sampled from the congruence class. Thus, congruence classes are not necessarily a problem for studying historical patterns of biodiversity from phylogenies.
An interesting case of thigh cellulitis: The streptococcal sex syndrome
Authors: Yau Benny , Gordon Kristiana
Published: October 2022

Streptococcal sex syndrome is a rare and under‐recognised association between recurrent pubic, genital or thigh cellulitis, sexual intercourse and pelvic surgery or radiation. Lymphatic dysfunction may play a role in the aetiology of the syndrome. We describe a case of streptococcal sex syndrome and describe suggested management strategies.
The Signaling Role of IPO Lockups: Evidence from SMEs in Korea
Authors: Lee Youngjoo
Published: October 2022

This study examines the signaling role of lockup extensions for initial public offering (IPO) firms subject to mandatory lockup provisions. The sample contains IPO firms that went public in the Korean stock market, which reduced the mandatory lockup period over the sample period. This study finds that (1) IPO underpricing is negatively related to the lockup extension length after the reform, and (2) the negative relationship in the post‐reform period is stronger for firms characterized by high information asymmetry. The results imply that lockup extensions may reduce information asymmetry related to IPO underpricing when information asymmetry is acute.
Making‐Home From Below: Domesticating Footpath and Resisting “Homelessness” in Mumbai
Authors: Banerjee Paroj
Published: October 2022

Drawing upon ethnography among footpath dwellers in Mumbai this paper argues that hegemonic ideas and practices of urban inhabitation constrain subaltern visions of home as well as public space. In doing so, it warrants an ontology of urban inhabitation that transcends occupancy politics. It is not just the neoliberal state and property‐entrenching capital but also the politics of inclusion that fragments subaltern subjectivities of belonging and dispossession. By highlighting everyday practices, particularly the use of footwear, food preparation and consumption, performance of modesty, and rearing of pets, I articulate two ways in which home is experienced and homelessness is resisted through claims where interlocutors have no spatial legitimacy: by (re)producing spatial and moral boundaries and practising multiple mobilities that enable transient domesticities. This paper thus provides an expanded sense of home that moves beyond the materialities of home making, and binaries of the “private” interior and “public” exterior.
Microbiome Subcommunity Learning with Logistic-Tree Normal Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Authors: LeBlanc Patrick , Ma Li
Published: October 2022

Mixed-membership (MM) models such as latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) have been applied to microbiome compositional data to identify latent subcommunities of microbial species. These subcommunities are informative for understanding the biological interplay of microbes and for predicting health outcomes. However, microbiome compositions typically display substantial cross-sample heterogeneities in subcommunity compositions—that is, the variability in the proportions of microbes in shared subcommunities across samples—which is not accounted for in prior analyses. As a result, LDA can produce inference, which is highly sensitive to the specification of the number of subcommunities and often divides a single subcommunity into multiple artificial ones. To address this limitation, we incorporate the logistic-tree normal (LTN) model into LDA to form a new MM model. This model allows cross-sample variation in the composition of each subcommunity around some “centroid” composition that defines the subcommunity. Incorporation of auxiliary Pólya-Gamma variables enables a computationally efficient collapsed blocked Gibbs sampler to carry out Bayesian inference under this model. By accounting for such heterogeneity, our new model restores the robustness of the inference in the specification of the number of subcommunities and allows meaningful subcommunities to be identified.
Insurgent Bodies in Cultural Responses to Reproductive Justice in Chile and Ireland
Authors: Broderick Céire
Published: October 2022

Transnational solidarity and comprehensive critiques of colonial legacies and patriarchal systems united the cultural responses created during the campaigns for reproductive justice in Ireland and Chile in 2018. This article considers the performance piece ‘Abortistas’ by the Yeguada Latinoamericana in Chile and the poem ‘Granuaile’ by Róisín Kelly in Ireland. Taking a decolonial feminist approach, this comparative study explores the interstices of art form and geopolitically distinct territories to examine how the creative practitioners' discursive construction of insurgent bodies aids critique of the lived experiences of women and pregnant people under the restrictive reproductive laws of both countries.
The role of skin inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and oral tolerance in skin sensitization to gluten‐derived hydrolysates in a rat model
Authors: Larsen Jeppe Madura , Ballegaard Anne‐Sofie Ravn , Dominguez Angela Serrano , Kristoffersen Nanna Jordahn , Maryniak Natalia Zofia , Locke Arielle Vallee , Kazemi Sahar , Epstein Michelle , Madsen Charlotte Bernhard , Bøgh Katrine Lindholm
Published: October 2022

Background

Adverse reactions to wheat‐containing skin care products have been linked to food allergy development.

Objectives

To determine the role of skin barrier dysfunction and inflammation in sensitization to gluten‐derived hydrolysates via the skin in Brown Norway rats with and without oral tolerance to wheat.

Methods

Skin barrier defect was induced by mechanical disruption, and skin inflammation was induced by topical application of SLS or MC903. Unmodified, enzyme hydrolyzed, or acid hydrolyzed gluten products were applied to the skin three times per week for 5 weeks. Subsequently, rats were orally gavaged with unmodified gluten.

Results

Wheat‐naïve rats were readily sensitized to gluten hydrolysates via the skin. Skin barrier defect and skin inflammation had little effect on the skin sensitization and hydrolysate‐specific IgE levels. Oral administration of unmodified gluten promoted the production of unmodified gluten‐specific IgE in rats sensitized via the skin. Sensitization through intact skin, disrupted skin barrier, or inflamed skin was unable to break tolerance to unmodified gluten in rats on a wheat‐containing diet.

Conclusions

Mechanical skin barrier disruption and skin inflammation play a limited role in experimental skin sensitization to gluten‐derived hydrolysates.
Follow the money: Understanding the Latin America and Caribbean mangrove restoration funding landscape to assist organizations and funders in improved social‐ecological outcomes
Authors: Grimm Kerry E. , Archibald Jessica L. , Axelsson Erik Petter , Grady Kevin C.
Published: October 2022

Recent attention to mangroves' social‐ecological benefits has increased funding for restoration projects. Despite such proliferation, little is known about the mangrove restoration funding landscape. To examine multiscale funding flows and relationships to restoration organizations and their project characteristics, we analyzed 115 surveys completed by the Caribbean and Latin American project managers. We categorized funder types by scale and type (e.g.,International NGO) and projects as supported byin‐country,out‐country, orbothfunders. We identified relationships between funder type/scale and organization/project characteristics (e.g., size, inclusion of community information), which we illustrate using Sankey diagrams. Most funders were from the Global North (n = 165/275), primarily in the United States (n = 65) or broadly at the international scale (n = 59); however, Mexican funders were also prevalent (n = 35). Projects were mostly funded byout‐country(n = 43), thenboth(n = 36) andin‐country(n = 26). While similarities existed among funder type/scale and organization/project characteristic trends, notable exceptions existed (e.g.,foreign governmentsupported larger projects), which we detail and contextualize. We conclude with recommendations for funders and organizations, which include ways funders can better support projects using best practices (e.g., community engagement) and managed by smaller organizations, as well as ways organizations can better target funding based on their organization and project characteristics.
Ontogenetic development of pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) from hatch through yolk absorption
Authors: Chojnacki Kimberly A. , Dodson Marlene J. , George Amy E. , Candrl James S. , DeLonay Aaron J.
Published: October 2022

Sturgeons have a complex free‐embryo period extending from hatch to the initiation of exogenous feeding. Although available for some sturgeon species of the genus Acipenser, descriptions of the developmental stages of free embryos of the genus Scaphirhynchus are lacking. We characterised the ontogenetic development of pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and shovelnose sturgeon (S. platorynchus) free embryos from hatch through melanin plug expulsion. The rate of development was similar between Scaphirhynchus species among free embryos from 4 pallid sturgeon and 7 shovelnose sturgeon crosses reared separately in the laboratory at a mean temperature of 17.8°C. Free embryos required a mean of 18.2 days postfertilisation (DPF; 323.5 cumulative thermal units; CTU) to reach melanin plug expulsion for pallid sturgeon and 17.9 DPF (318.3 CTU) for shovelnose sturgeon. Free embryos of both species showed overlap in lengths among developmental stages indicating that length of free embryos alone is insufficient to estimate age. Description of pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon free‐embryo development provides a template to develop more sophisticated models incorporating length and stage to estimate the age of field‐collected specimens. Improved estimates of free‐embryo developmental stage and age may aid in the identification of timing and location of spawning and better inform flow manipulation and habitat management actions tailored to increase survival of early life‐stage pallid sturgeon.
Elemental and biochemical nutrient limitation of zooplankton: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Thomas Patrick K. , Kunze Charlotte , Van de Waal Dedmer B. , Hillebrand Helmut , Striebel Maren
Published: October 2022

Primary consumers in aquatic ecosystems are frequently limited by the quality of their food, often expressed as phytoplankton elemental and biochemical composition. However, the effects of these food quality indicators vary across studies, and we lack an integrated understanding of how elemental (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus) and biochemical (e.g. fatty acid, sterol) limitations interactively influence aquatic food webs. Here, we present the results of a meta‐analysis using >100 experimental studies, confirming that limitation by N, P, fatty acids, and sterols all have significant negative effects on zooplankton performance. However, effects varied by grazer response (growth vs. reproduction), specific manipulation, and across taxa. While P limitation had greater effects on zooplankton growth than fatty acids overall, P and fatty acid limitation had equal effects on reproduction. Furthermore, we show that: nutrient co‐limitation in zooplankton is strong; effects of essential fatty acid limitation depend on P availability; indirect effects induced by P limitation exceed direct effects of mineral P limitation; and effects of nutrient amendments using laboratory phytoplankton isolates exceed those using natural field communities. Our meta‐analysis reconciles contrasting views about the role of various food quality indicators, and their interactions, for zooplankton performance, and provides a mechanistic understanding of trophic transfer in aquatic environments.
Allele‐specificcis‐regulatory methylation of the gene for vasoactive intestinal peptide in white‐throated sparrows
Authors: Prichard Mackenzie R. , Grogan Kathleen E. , Merritt Jennifer R. , Root Jessica , Maney Donna L.
Published: October 2022

White‐throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) offer a unique opportunity to connect genotype with behavioral phenotype. In this species, a rearrangement of the second chromosome is linked with territorial aggression; birds with a copy of this “supergene” rearrangement are more aggressive than those without it. The supergene has captured the geneVIP, which encodes vasoactive intestinal peptide, a neuromodulator that drives aggression in other songbirds. In white‐throated sparrows,VIPexpression is higher in the anterior hypothalamus of birds with the supergene than those without it, and expression ofVIPin this region predicts the level of territorial aggression regardless of genotype. Here, we aimed to identify epigenetic mechanisms that could contribute to differential expression ofVIPboth in breeding adults, which exhibit morph differences in territorial aggression, and in nestlings, before territorial behavior develops. We extracted and bisulfite‐converted DNA from samples of the hypothalamus in wild‐caught adults and nestlings and used high‐throughput sequencing to measure DNA methylation of a region upstream of theVIPstart site. We found that the allele inside the supergene was less methylated than the alternative allele in both adults and nestlings. The differential methylation was attributed primarily to CpG sites that were shared between the alleles, not to polymorphic sites, which suggests that epigenetic regulation is occurring independently of the genetic differentiation within the supergene. This work represents an initial step toward understanding how epigenetic differentiation inside chromosomal inversions leads to the development of alternative behavioral phenotypes.
Phenotyping of Urochloa humidicola grass hybrids for agronomic and environmental performance in the Piedmont region of the Orinoquian savannas of Colombia
Authors: Villegas Daniel M. , Arévalo Ashly , Sotelo Mauricio , Nuñez Jonathan , Moreta Danilo , Rao Idupulapati , Ishitani Manabu , Subbarao Guntur V. , Arango Jacobo
Published: October 2022

In the low fertility acid soils of the Orinoquian savannas of Colombia, Urochloa humidicola cv. Tully or Humidicola is one of the most widely planted tropical forage grasses for improving livestock productivity. Low nutritional quality of this grass limits sustainable livestock production in this region. In this study, we conducted a phenotypic evaluation under field and greenhouse conditions of one of the first hybrid populations of U. humidicola generated from the forage breeding program of CIAT. Our objective was to identify a set of new hybrids of U. humidicola that combine improved productivity and nutritional quality plus the biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) trait/ability to reduce nitrogen (N) losses via leaching and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. To this end, we tested 118 hybrids (planted in pots) in the greenhouse for over 6 months and measured potential nitrification rates (NR) using soil microcosm incubation. NR values observed ranged from 0.27 to 5.75 mg N‐NO3− kg soil−1 day−1. Later, 12 hybrids with different levels of NR were selected and field‐tested in the Orinoquia region over a 4 years period (2013–2017) for dry matter production, nutrition quality (crude protein, in vitro digestibility and fibres content) and NR in each year. In the rainy season of 2018, two hybrids with superior agronomic performance and contrasting field level NR (Uh08/1149 and 0450) were subjected to analysis of soil‐borne N2O emissions after fertilization during 13 days. The NR values recorded were not directly correlated with the forage quality parameters evaluated, however, the two grasses with the lowest NR values were among those with the highest biomass production, crude protein content, and N uptake. The grass hybrid Uh08/1149 and the germplasm accession CIAT 16888 were found as materials with superior forage value, with production of 14.1 and 14.6 tons dry matter ha−1 year−1 (up to 8% higher than the cv. Tully), crude protein of 11.5 and 9.1% per cut (up to 20% higher than the cv. Tully), and N uptake of 31.6 and 25.7 kg N ha−1 cut−1 (up to 30% higher than the cv. Tully). Additionally, these two grasses are likely to exhibit high‐BNI ability, with potential to improve N use efficiency in managed pastures.
WHO 2022 classification of penile and scrotal cancers: updates and evolution
Authors: Menon S , Moch H , Berney DM , Cree IA , Srigley JR , Tsuzuki T , Compérat E , Hartmann A , Netto G , Rubin MA , Gill AJ , Turajlic S , Tan PH , Raspollini MR , Tickoo SK , Amin M B
Published: October 2022

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant tumour of the penis. The 2022 WHO classification reinforces the 2016 classification and subclassifies precursor lesions and tumours into human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated and HPV‐independent types.

HPV‐associated penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) is a precursor lesion of invasive HPV‐ associated SCC, whereas differentiated PeIN is a precursor lesion of HPV‐independent SCC. Block‐type positivity of p16 immunohistochemistry is the most practical daily utilised method to separate HPVassociated from HPVindependent penile SCC. If this is not feasible, the term SCC, not otherwise specified (NOS) is appropriate. Certain histologies that were previously classified as “subtypes” are now grouped, and coalesced as “patterns”, under the rubric of usual type SCC and verrucous carcinoma (e.g. usual‐type SCC includes pseudohyperplastic and acantholytic/pseudoglandular carcinoma, and carcinoma cuniculatum is included as a pattern of verrucous carcinoma). If there is an additional component of the usual type of invasive SCC (formerly termed hybrid histology), the tumour would be a mixed carcinoma (e.g. carcinoma cuniculatum or verrucous carcinoma with usual invasive SCC); in such cases, reporting of the relative percentages in mixed tumours may be useful. The consistent use of uniform nomenclature and reporting of percentages will inform the refinement of future reporting classification schemes and guidelines/recommendations.

The classification of scrotal tumours is provided for the first time in the fifth edition of the WHO Blue book, and it follows the schema of penile cancer classification for both precursor lesions and the common SCC of the scrotum. Basal cell carcinoma of the scrotum may have a variable clinical course and finds a separate mention.
A distinct new species ofZosteropswhite‐eye from the Sulawesi region, Indonesia
Authors: Irham Mohammad , Prawiradilaga Dewi M. , Menner Jochen K. , O'Connell Darren P. , Kelly David J. , Analuddin Kangkuso , Karya Adi , Meads Martin , Marples Nicola M. , Rheindt Frank E.
Published: October 2022

We describe a new species ofZosteropswhite‐eye, which is restricted to Wangi‐wangi, a single island of roughly 155 km2in the Wakatobi Archipelago, Indonesia. Informally known as the Wangi‐wangi White‐eye, the new species is highly distinct both morphologically and genetically. It is considerably larger in body and bill size compared with other regionalZosteropsspecies. The Wangi‐wangi White‐eye remains locally common but its habitat is dwindling. Given its minute area of occupancy and the threat from the bird trade, we recommend the IUCN status Endangered.
T‐cell receptor αβ+ double‐negative T cells in the kidney are predominantly extravascular and increase in abundance in response to ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Snelgrove Sarah L , Susanto Olivia , Yeung Louisa , Hall Pamela , Norman M Ursula , Corbett Alexandra J , Kitching A Richard , Hickey Michael J
Published: October 2022

T‐cell receptor+CD4−CD8− double‐negative (DN) T cells are a population of T cells present in low abundance in blood and lymphoid organs, but enriched in various organs including the kidney. Despite burgeoning interest in these cells, studies examining their abundance in the kidney have reported conflicting results. Here we developed a flow cytometry strategy to clearly segregate DN T cells from other immune cells in the mouse kidney and used it to characterize their phenotype and response in renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). These experiments revealed that in the healthy kidney, most DN T cells are located within the renal parenchyma and exhibit an effector memory phenotype. In response to IRI, the number of renal DN T cells is unaltered after 24 h, but significantly increased by 72 h. This increase is not related to alterations in proliferation or apoptosis. By contrast, adoptive transfer studies indicate that circulating DN T cells undergo preferential recruitment to the postischemic kidney. Furthermore, DN T cells show the capacity to upregulate CD8, both in vivo following adoptive transfer and in response to ex vivo activation. Together, these findings provide novel insights regarding the phenotype of DN T cells in the kidney, including their predominant extravascular location, and show that increases in their abundance in the kidney following IRI occur in part as a result of increased recruitment from the circulation. Furthermore, the observation that DN T cells can upregulate CD8 in vivo has important implications for detection and characterization of DN T cells in future studies.
Fcγ receptor‐mediated phagocytosis pathway was involved in phagocytosis of mIgM+ B lymphocytes from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Wu Jing , Nie Yifan , Wang Jingya , Feng Guoqing , Hao Le , Ma Yanping , Li Yugu , Liu Zhenxing
Published: October 2022

The potential for phagocytosis has been proven in teleost B cells, but the research on the regulatory mechanism of phagocytosis remains lacking. In this study, three largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) (15 ± 5 g) were injected intraperitoneally with Nocardia seriolae (105 CFU/100 μl/fish) in vivo, and their spleen was collected at 72 h post‐infection for mRNA‐seq. After the de novo assembly of the paired‐end reads, 73,622 unigenes were obtained. Gene expression profiling revealed that 2043 unigenes were differentially expressed after N. seriolae infection, comprising 1285 upregulated and 758 downregulated unigenes (q‐value <0.05, log2FC > |2|) of which 181 genes were involved in phagocytosis. The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that 12 differentially expressed genes (DEG) associated with phagocytosis were enriched in the Fcγ receptor‐mediated phagocytosis signalling pathway. In vitro, the phagocytic ability of mIgM+ B lymphocytes was validated using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) and fluorescence activating cell sorter (FACS), and the phagocytosis rates of the mIgM+ B lymphocytes incubated with a Lyn inhibitor had decreased from 18.533 ± 6.00% to 11.610 ± 4.236% compared with the unblocked group. These results suggested that the Fcγ receptor‐mediated phagocytosis signalling pathway had participated in the phagocytosis of B cells and provide further insight into the role of B cells in innate immunology.
The impact of flooding on poor communities in Lagos State, Nigeria: The case of the Makoko urban settlement
Authors: Lawanson Olukemi Iyabode , Proverbs David , Ibrahim Ridwan Lanre
Published: October 2022

The impacts of flooding on socioeconomic outcomes have become a global concern for governments, policymakers, and international organizations alike. The situation is particularly challenging in developing nations where poor communities are more vulnerable to the impacts of flooding. Consequently, this study investigated the impact of flooding on poor communities and poverty levels in Africa with particular reference to the Makoko community in Lagos State, South‐West Region of Nigeria. A survey design was employed with the collection of data through an environmental structured audio interview questionnaire (ESAIQ). Three Hundred and Fifty‐Eight participants located in the core six district areas of the community took part in the research. The impacts of flooding were found to be negative and a significant impediment to community development. Flooding was found to aggravate poverty levels and negatively impact educational status and community development. This study recommends more community‐based approaches to help raise awareness and support the co‐development of interventions that can help improve resilience.
Predictors of persistent depressive and anxiety symptoms among older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Canada
Authors: Siddhpuria Shailee , Webber Colleen , Mahar Alyson L. , Hallet Julie , Rochon Paula A. , Reppas‐Rindlisbacher Christina
Published: October 2022

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has increased the risk of psychological distress for older adults during a period of reduced access to mental health support. We identified predictors of persistent depressive and anxiety symptoms among older adults throughout the initial 9 months of the pandemic.

Methods

This was a longitudinal study using web‐based surveys sent to a convenience sample of Canadians aged ≥55 years. A baseline survey was sent in May 2020, with eight surveys sent monthly between June 2020 and January 2021. Data were separated into three study periods, corresponding to coronavirus case rates. Respondents who met predetermined thresholds for elevated depressive or anxiety symptoms using standardized mental health scales during all three periods were defined as having persistent symptoms. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to compare the risk of persistent symptoms across respondent characteristics selected a priori.

Results

There were 835 respondents who answered questions about depressive symptoms and 865 who answered questions about anxiety symptoms across all three study periods. Among those with complete follow‐up data, 19.2% (n = 159/827) reported persistent depressive symptoms and 16.4% (n = 140/856) reported persistent anxiety symptoms. Respondents with persistent depressive symptoms were more likely to be women (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.71; 95% CI 1.19–2.46), and report multimorbidity (aRR 1.45; 95% CI 1.07–1.97), pre‐existing depression (aRR 2.00; 95% CI 1.45–2.77) and pre‐existing anxiety (aRR 1.50; 95% CI 1.10–2.06). The same respondent characteristics were correlates of persistently elevated anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions

Older women, older adults with pre‐existing depression and anxiety, and those with multimorbidity were more likely to report persistent mental health symptoms during the first 9 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic. These individuals were known to have elevated risk prior to the pandemic, and expanded interventions targeted to these groups are necessary to adequately address their mental health needs.
Asymmetric dimethyl arginine in captive owl monkeys (Aotus sp)
Authors: Teixeira André Luis de Souza , da Silva Welington Bandeira , de Gouvêa Liana Villela , de Souza Guilherme Nunes , Oliveira Karol Guimarães , Gonzaga Camila Nunes , Almosny Nádia Regina Pereira , de Alencar Nayro Xavier
Published: October 2022

Only four of 40 animals had measurable asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) levels. The young primate had the lowest value (53.4 ng/ml) when compared with the two adults (218.8 ± 9.3 ng/ml) and the elderly one (320.5 ng/ml). The ADMA levels in this study may relate to the echocardiographic abnormalities found, and possible hypertensive individuals.