bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre la enunciación poética y el doble: una aproximación a la poesía de Alejandra Pizarnik
Authors: Escobar Negri Matilde Belén
Published: September 2016

Este trabajo se presenta como una aproximación a las problemáticas que surgen a partir de considerar la ficcionalidad literaria como una alternativa a la cuestión de la enunciación poética. Para tal fin, se parte de la idea de que la figura del doble podría ser pensada como una posibilidad enunciativa en la que convergen cuestiones propias de la ficción narrativa y nociones de las poéticas contemporáneas. En este análisis se tienen en cuenta las propuestas teóricas sobre la enunciación de Émile Benveniste y de Paul Ricoeur, y algunas ampliaciones del caso, conectadas con la idea de ficcionalidad poética que señalan autores como Diana Alejandra Espinoza Elías y Fernando Cabo Aseguinolaza. A partir de ellas se considera que es posible configurar un acercamiento a posiciones que vinculan las problemáticas del yo enunciativo de la poesía con propuestas acerca del doble en la literatura. Estas propuestas teóricas se utilizan para abordar algunos poemas de Árbol de Diana de Alejandra Pizarnik para observar allí cómo se visualizan dichos planteos.  Palabras clave: ficcionalidad literaria; enunciación poética; identidad; doble; Alejandra Pizarnik; Árbol de Diana.
Emily Dickinson: instantáneas del abismo
Authors: Pinilla Monroy Magda Consuelo
Published: September 2016

Capturar a la poeta en instantáneas hechas de palabras es el objetivo de este texto. El presente artículo corresponde al primer capítulo del proyecto en investigación-creación “Emily o la invención del abismo”. Esta colección intenta asir a Emily Dickinson a partir de la lectura de su obra, y en diálogo con las versiones que de ella han observado algunos de sus biógrafos o lectores. Recolectar las migajas de pan, reconstruir, moldear cada fotograma de Emily, y dotar de vida a pequeños fragmentos de su existencia nos ayuda comprender el misterio palpitante, el abismo sin fondo en el que nunca terminamos de caer.Palabras clave: Emily Dickinson; instantáneas; escritura femenina; ermitaña; insurrecta; actriz; sociedad patriarcal.
En el arca de Arreola, carne y palabra se buscan (sobre su Bestiario de 1958)
Authors: Gramusset François
Published: September 2016

Este artículo es un análisis del compendio "zoológico" presente en Bestiario de Juan José Arreola. El acercamiento al universo imaginario de Arreola se aborda en primer lugar a través de la puesta en diálogo del Bestiario con el Physiologos, texto embrionario de los bestiarios de la tradición occidental y en segundo lugar a través de un análisis de texto. En esencia se pretende subrayar el modo en que los animales del bestiario (a través de su lexicalización) se encarnan en representaciones imaginarias, vinculadas éstas con los tiempos primordiales. Para tal fin estudiamos tres paradigmas clasificatorios de la carne animal que denominamos: tierra, aire, agua. Dicha clasificación pretende dar cuenta de la significación espiritual de la palabra en el libro de Arreola y a la vez reflejar la manera en que los animales del bestiario simbolizan la carne humana, hecha posible a través del lenguaje poético.Palabras clave: Figuración literaria; zoología; símbolo; animalidad; bestiario.
Editorial
Authors: Freja de la Hoz Adrián Farid
Published: September 2016

Editorial
La narrativa de la desesperanza: El embarcadero de los incurables (1998) de Fernando Cruz Kronfly
Authors: Padilla Chasing Iván Vicente
Published: September 2016

Antes de entrar en algunos detalles de la novela El embarcadero de los incurables(1998), a través del problema de la desesperanza, este artículo busca, primero, articular esta novela a una tradición narrativa y, luego, ubicarla en el conjunto de la obra de Fernando Cruz Kronfly. En términos generales el problema y su expresión novelesca son entendidos como una evaluación estética de la crisis de la modernidad y sus valores, así como una toma de posición frente a los asaltos del sentir y el modo posmoderno de vida. A manera de ejemplo, haciendo énfasis en el tipo de novela practicado por el autor, en esta se analiza la condición de los sujetos de hoy y su intrascendencia en las urbes posmodernas. Palabras clave: desesperanza, Fernando Cruz Kronfly, novela, modernidad, posmodernidad.
Poética de una infancia: Juego, nostalgia y soledad habitada en "Jamil" de Álvaro Mutis
Authors: Ayram Chede Carlos Julio
Published: September 2016

En el presente artículo se hace un seguimiento a la novela “Jamil” que aparece en Tríptico de mar y tierra(1993) y a la vida empantanada por la errancia, la pérdida y el fracaso de Maqroll el Gaviero, personaje memorable de la poética mutisiana, en una de sus últimas aventuras como marinero en tierra firme. Las empresas que asume Maqroll son parte de su vida, de su presente en la tierra firme que ha adoptado como hogar y han dejado una huella indeleble en lo más profundo de su existencia. Pero, ¿qué sucede cuando los senderos del infortunio se ven atenazados por la renuncia a esa vida vagabunda llena de secretos dolores que se comunican solamente a la soledad? Las empresas y tribulaciones del Gaviero se interrumpen con la llegada de un personaje que hace posible que se piense que todo lo vivido no fue solamente un trabajo perdido. Estamos hablando, pues, de Jamil el hijo de Abdul Bashur.Palabras clave: Maqroll, Jamil, infancia, nostalgia, juego, soledad habitada.
Por una nosología de la violencia del narcotráfico: topos literarios de los años de la peste
Authors: Solano Cohen Vanessa
Published: September 2016

En el presente artículo se analiza algunos topos de la violencia del narcotráfico en Colombia en cuatro novelas contemporáneas; haciendo énfasis en las décadas de los ochenta y noventa, contexto histórico recreado por los textos, y que en este trabajo llamaremos "años de la peste". El objetivo es demostrar, desde un análisis semiológico, que el narcotráfico como sistema de producción es símbolo y síntoma de la ausencia del Estado; por lo que presentamos la relación "morbosa" entre narcotráfico y violencia que se reconstruye narrativamente en el corpus seleccionado, para caracterizar lo que llamaremos narco-violencia y entenderla como una epidemia que irrumpió históricamente en la cotidianidad colombiana.Palabras Clave: narco-violencia, epidemia, ausencia de Estado, literatura colombiana, semiología.
La reescritura como herramienta de respuesta literaria
Authors: Buksdorf Daniela
Published: September 2016

En este artículo se presenta la reescritura como un ejercicio de respuesta y/o reivindicación, a partir del estudio y análisis de dos reescrituras - Una tempestad, de Aimé Césaire y Ancho mar de los Sargazos, de Jean Rhys- que tienen como hipotexto obras canónicas cuyo origen se encuentra en el Imperio Inglés. Césaire toma como texto de origen La tempestad de William Shakespeare, mientras que Rhys trabaja desde la novela victoriana Jane Eyre, de Charlotte Brontë. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar las respuestas a dichas obras canónicas, modificando el discurso presente en los escritos estudiados. Para esto, se revisarán los conceptos de canon y reescritura, se analizarán los textos reescritos desde su base canónica y se compararán ejes centrales de las novelas y tratamiento de personajes y contexto, para así detectar las cercanías y lejanías de las obras con los textos canónicos y poder identificar los discursos perseguidos por los autores de las reescrituras. Palabras clave: reescritura, canon, hegemonía, margen, Shakespeare, Césaire, Brontë, Rhys.
Poéticas de la reescritura: Héctor Viel Temperley y Leónidas Lamborghini
Authors: Hernández Biviana
Published: September 2016

En el presente ensayo se contrastan las poéticas de Héctor Viel Temperley y Leónidas Lamborghini a partir de las nociones de subjetividad y experiencia que los autores construyen en dos textos claves de sus respectivas obras, en el contexto de la poesía argentina de los 60’s: Hospital Británico (1986) de Viel Temperley, y Carroña última forma (2001) de Lamborghini. Ambas operan como una summa poética que actualiza su trayectoria desde de una visión carnavalesca y autoparódica de la figura del poeta y la poesía,por un lado; intimista y confesional, por otro, pero de acuerdo con un horizonte de sentido común: el de la reescritura como un modo de producción de la textualidad en tanto que dispositivo de mediación entre la obra y la vida del escritor.Palabras clave: poesía argentina, Héctor Viel Temperley, Leónidas Lamborghini, reescritura, subjetividad, experiencia.
Una risa en el desierto: el arte de la resurrección y sermones y prédicas del Cristo de Elqui
Authors: Gaitán Bayona Jorge Ladino
Published: September 2016

En este artículo de reflexión se analiza la propuesta carnavalesca de la novela El arte de la resurrección (2010), de Hernán Rivera Letelier, y los poemarios Sermones y prédicas del Cristo de Elqui (1977) y Nuevos sermones y prédicas del Cristo de Elqui (1979), de Nicanor Parra. En estas obras interviene como protagonista un excéntrico predicador de existencia real en la historia de Chile: Domingo Zárate Vega, mejor conocido como el Cristo de Elqui. Se retoman planteamientos teóricos de Mijail Bajtín para explorar la risa y la locura como recursos estéticos que generan una visión crítica sobre la miseria de los mineros en las salitreras del desierto chileno, la dictadura militar de Augusto Pinochet y La matanza de la Escuela Santa María de Iquique (21 de diciembre de 1907).Palabras clave: Cristo de Elqui, antipoesía, narrativa chilena, carnaval, historia.
Acercamientos a la ciencia ficción
Authors: Rodríguez Hillón Diego Vicente
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo es un capítulo de la tesis en proceso de la Maestría en Literatura de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), titulada Ciencia ficción colombiana y Modernidad: una lectura de tres obras de la primera mitad del siglo XX. El texto busca en un inicio ofrecer una definición del género como una fantasía plausible para posteriormente estudiar sus características y desarrollo a través de algunas propuestas de Claudio Guillén.Palabras clave: Ciencia ficción, literatura fantástica, género, Claudio Guillén, fantasía plausible.
Masculinidad y violencia en el nuevo cine mexicano. Las películas de Luis Estrada
Authors: Puente Vázquez Claudia Elizabeth
Published: September 2016

En este artículo exploraremos la conformación de las masculinidades a través de las representaciones cinematográficas en América latina, específicamente en la obra del mexicano Luis Estrada, parte fundamental del llamado Nuevo cine mexicano en sus obras exhibidas entre 1999 y 2010. Aunque el universo de estudios de masculinidades es cada vez más amplio, las repr esentaciones cinematográficas no han sido muy exploradas. Este artículo pretende hacer un análisis de las r epresentaciones masculinas y su relación con las r epresentaciones femeninas en el nuevo cine mexicano en un contexto de violencia desde una perspectiva crítica feminista.

 

Palabras clave: Cine latinoamericano, masculinidades, crítica feminista,cine mexicano, representaciones masculinas.
El diario de un escritor en encuentro en Saint-Nazaire de Ricardo Piglia
Authors: Hernández Peñaloza Amor Arelis
Published: September 2016

En este artículo estudiamos el género diario íntimo a través de la nouvelle Encuentro en Saint-Nazaire (1988) que contiene el ”Diario de un loco”del escritor ficticio Stephen Stevensen. Este uso ficcional del diario, dentro del marco de la estructura de la obra literaria adquiere un sentido diferente porque renuncia a la comunicación de algo íntimo y secreto, para convertirse en literatura, en ”comunicación estética”. Asimismo pretendemos evidenciar la importancia y la magnitud del género diario en la unidad narrativa de un autor como Ricardo Piglia. Junto a esto, el ejemplo de Encuentro en Saint-Nazaire nos ayudará a mostrar las características de este tipo de prosa pigliana, que funciona como un laboratorio de la escritura.
Lugar de enunciación y procedimientos poéticos de “España, aparta de mí este cáliz” de César Vallejo
Authors: Guáqueta Rocha Edson Steven
Published: September 2016

Este artículo pretende señalar el contexto o lugar de enunciación del poema España, aparta de mí este cáliz (1939) del poeta peruano César Vallejo, así como describir algunos de sus procedimientos poéticos, particularmente la apropiación hecha por el autor de la retórica del cristianismo. Se explora la identificación que Vallejo tuvo con España, específicamente con el bando republicano, durante la Guerra Civil (1936-1939), experiencia de la cual surgió la escritura de este poema. La universalidad de este escrito, cuyo sentidotrasciende las fronteras geográficas de España y el marco histórico del conflicto durante el cual fue hecho, radica en la voluntad de armonizar el cristianismo y el marxismo –corriente a la cual estuvo afiliado políticamente el autor, tanto en España como en su natal Perú– en el ideal de redención de los desposeídos.Con este propósito se describe el uso creativo y subversivo hecho por Vallejo de expresiones de origen bíblico a lo largo de su poema, así como de oraciones católicas que hacían y siguen haciendo parte del acervo de buena parte de su público lector.
Sobre el misterio estético en el texto literario: claves para una pedagogía de la literatura
Authors: García-Dussán Éder
Published: September 2016

El artículo considera algunas implicaciones propias del concepto misterio estético que, según Roger Chartier, aproxima ciertos elementos que gobiernan la producción y la recepción de los textos literarios.Ahora bien, para lograr tal fin, acudimos a reflexiones instaladas en la semiótica, la teoría literaria y la filosofía del lenguaje. Posteriormente, ensayamos las digresiones en el caso del personaje rebeca, de Cien años de Soledad, apoyados en los principios metódicos sugeridos por Barthes, quien propone que todo texto debe ser analizado a la luz de una teoría liberadora del significante, y en Larrosa, para quien la lectura literaria instala una experiencia imaginativa transformadora. Los resultados de tal intervención dejan ver cómo el esfuerzo por demostrar una experiencia estética obliga a la labor de desenmascaramiento de la compleja red de asociaciones significantes que demoran la captura del sentido, al tiempo que sugiere claves para seguir enriqueciendo reflexiones pedagógicas sobre la enseñanza de la literatura.
Didáctica de la literatura: ¿cómo se contagia la literatura?
Authors: Altamirano Flores Federico
Published: September 2016

El artículo tiene como objetivo proponer una estrategia de contagio de la literatura para la intervención práctica en la educación literaria de los estudiantes. Se propone el modelado estético como una estrategia pertinente para transmitir la pasión por la literatura. La propuesta se sustenta en la teoría del contagio literario, la pedagogía dialogante y la estética general. La formulación de la estrategia se inspira, por un lado, en el modelado cognitivo de Bandura y, por el otro, en las experiencias pedagógicas del escritor Vladimir Nabokov, quien ejerció la educación literaria con mucho éxito. A partir del análisis de las clases y testimonios de Nabokov, se elabora el modelado estético con sus respectivos procedimientos didácticos.Esta estrategia puede ser una alternativa didáctica para educar la sensibilidad literaria de los estudiantes.
De la estética de la recepción a la animación a la lectura: consideraciones teóricas para una propuesta de animación de la lectura literaria en espacios no convencionales
Authors: Higuera Guarín Gladys Yaneth
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo propone explorar el modo en que la estética de la recepción se consolida como la base para entender la importancia de la promoción de lectura en comunidades vulnerables. Esta reflexión constituye la base teórica para la implementación de un proyecto de animación de lectura con los internos de la cárcel El Olivo de Santa Rosa de Viterbo, en el cual se emplean las fichas de animación de Beatriz Helena Robledo y las categorías de análisis literario de Sarah Hirschman.
Editorial
Authors: Borrero Juliana
Published: September 2016

Editorial de la edición número 28 (enero-junio de 2016)
3D Reconstruction of Porous Media From a 2D Section and Comparisons of Transport and Elastic Properties
Authors: Naraghi Morteza Elahi , Spikes Kyle , Srinivasan Sanjay
Published: September 2016

High-resolution, 3D microstructure images of rocks can be used to compute the transport and elastic properties of those samples by use of a digital rock-physics approach. Those properties are complex functions of the pore-size distribution, geometry, and morphology, and necessitate the use of accurate 3D volumes. Because of the limited availability of 3D microstructure images of rocks, several attempts to construct 3D images from 2D images have been made.

In this study, we propose a new stochastic method to reconstruct a 3D image of the rock by use of only a 2D section of the imaged-rock sample. Our method is derived from a simple observation that the pores are gradually deformed from one section to the next. Therefore, the first step is to generate multiple independent realizations by performing multiple-point-statistics (MPS) -based stochastic simulations. These simulations represent independent 2D scans through the rock volume. Next, a succession of images is generated spanning two adjacent independent sections. These images consist of gradually morphed features from one section to those in the next independent section. Juxtaposing these 2D images results in the reconstructed 3D image.

We implement the algorithm on a Berea sandstone rock for which the 3D high image was available for comparison. We calculate the spatial connectivity in the third direction, and confirmed that the proposed method can retrieve the connectivity in the third direction accurately. We also compute transport and elastic properties from the reconstructed image and from the original image to verify that this method reproduces the appropriate spatial statistics and pore-size distribution, geometry, and morphology. We also compare the numerical results with laboratory measurements performed on the sample. The results obtained by use of the reconstructed image reveal that the numerically calculated properties are similar to the measured values. We compare the mismatch of transport and elastic properties with the original measurements with that of the previous reconstruction algorithm. These comparisons show that the proposed simulation method has the same accuracy as previous ones. However, the proposed method is much more computationally efficient than the other algorithms, which are dependent on simulation of all 2D layers, mainly because of the faster MPS algorithm and the fact that the simulation is being performed only for the independent layers instead of all the layers.

The proposed methodology is an accurate method to reconstruct a 3D representative sample of a rock given only one 2D thin section. The algorithm is computationally efficient and faster than the previously introduced algorithm, and can easily be used to characterize samples for which 3D images are difficult to obtain in terms of both time and expense.
Effect of feed type and other factors on soluble microbial product production and its disinfection byproduct formation during biological treatment of wastewater organics
Authors: Liu Jinlin , Li Xiaoyan , Li Anjie
Published: September 2016

Soluble microbial products (SMPs) can act as a disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursor besides natural organic matter (NOM) when source water is polluted by biologically treated wastewater effluent that has SMPs as its main component. Influential factors of SMPs as a DBP precursor were investigated in this study. Model feed substrates were biologically incubated to simulate the biological treatment of wastewater organics, and the SMPs produced were chlorinated according to the standard procedure to study the DBP formation potential (DBPFP) of SMPs. Feed chemical type is a crucial factor affecting SMP production and the following DBP formation. SMPs from four kinds of model feed substrates with the same initial organic carbon concentration produced DBPs with a wide range from 196 to 684 μg L−1 and also different DBP formation properties. Different organic substrates would facilitate the growth of different microbial species, which produce SMPs with varied levels and chemical structure and subsequently different DBP formation characters. For the environmental factors, an anaerobic condition showed a significant effect, producing extremely high chloral hydrate up to about 2000 μg L−1, probably due to the production of volatile fatty acids. Different incubation conditions can not only bring about different levels of SMPs and DBPs, but also SMPs with different DBP formation feathers.
Valorization of Romanian silver fir tree bark (Abies alba Mill.) wastes as low-cost sorbent of Cu(II) ions from polluted waters
Authors: Tofan Lavinia , Paduraru Carmen , Amalinei Roxana Laura Mihailescu , Bunia Ion , Miron Anca
Published: September 2016

Considering recycling as the first option in the hierarchy of sustainable waste management, and also the demand for efficient processes for wastewater treatment with reduced costs, the potential applicability of Romanian Abies alba bark, the main waste from the industrial processing of the wood of mature silver fir trees, as sorbent for Cu(II) has been studied in batch conditions. It was observed that the extent of Cu(II) sorption is strongly dependent on initial solution pH, sorbent dose, initial Cu(II) ion concentration, temperature and contact time. Equilibrium data fitted very well with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Langmuir maximum sorption capacity of Cu(II) ions on Abies alba bark waste was found to be 7.80 mg/g at 293 K. Kinetic studies showed a high affinity of the sorption experimental data to the pseudo-second order model. Gibbs free energy was spontaneous for all interactions and the sorption process exhibited endothermic enthalpy value. The waste of Abies alba bark was successfully used for the sorption removal of Cu(II) ions from industrial electroplating wastewaters.
The Improvement of Work Posture Using RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) Analysis to Decrease Subjective Disorders of Strawberry Farmers in Bali
Authors: Yusuf M , Adiputra Nyoman , Sutjana I Dewa Putu , Tirtayasa Ketut
Published: September 2016

Workload was predicted based on work pulse that was measured using 10 beats method on radial artery with stopwatch. The indication of subjective disorders was measured based on the farmers’ general fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders before and after work. General fatigue was measured using 30 Items Self Rating Questionnaire Industrial Fatigue Research Committee from Japan Association of Industrial Health, while musculoskeletal disorders were measured using NIOSH Nordic Body Map Subjective Filling. Environment temperature was measured using sling Psychrometer. Noise was measured using Gossen’s sound level meter. Statistical analysis to find out the mean difference of the data before and after work was analyzed using t-Paired test with significance level of 5%. RULA result recommended changing from bending work posture using the old tool into standing work posture using new hole maker. The old work posture (P0) showed RULA grand score of 7 with high risk level, while the new work posture (P1) showed RULA grand score of 3 with low risk level. There was significant difference on subjective disorders of the farmers (p<0.05) on P0 and P1 on general fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders. The fatigue score of P0 was 51.27 while P1 was 40.82 which meant there was reduction of 20.4%. While the musculoskeletal disorders score of P0 was 70.75 and P1 was 50.58 which meant there was reduction of 28.5%. It can be concluded that the improvement of work posture using RULA analysis decreases work risk level and subjective disorders of strawberry farmers in Bali.
Work Posture Improvement Using Ergonomic Approach Decreases Subjective Disorders of Perapen Workers on the Process of Nguwad Gamelan in Bali
Authors: Suarbawa I Ketut Gde Juli , Adiputra Nyoman , Pangkahila J Alek , Sutjana I Dewa Putu
Published: September 2016

The process of nguwad trompong is still considered as a heavy task for workers because it is still done using ember of the perapen (fireplace) that is exposed in open and unnatural work posture such as bending work posture. Moreover, the heat of the perapen furnace makes the work heavier for the nguwad workers which can make them tired easily and cause musculoskeletal disorders or known as subjective disorders. Thus, an experimental research was conducted using treatment by subject design toward 12 gamelan workers in Klungkung Bali. The intervention was done by improving the workstation so that the bending work posture of the prapen workers was changed into sat naturally and the bending-while-standing work posture of the smiths was changed into straighter standing work posture. Musculoskeletal disorders were measured using NIOSH Nordic Body Map Subjective Filling. The general fatigue was measured using 30 Items Self Rating Questionnaire Industrial Fatigue Research Committee from Japan Association of Industrial Health. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially on the level of significance α = 0.05. The result showed that there was a decrease of workload 4.2%, musculoskeletal disorders decreased 27.1% and fatigue, in general, decreased 33.7%. Thus it can be concluded that the improvement of work posture using ergonomic approach decreases the subjective disorders of the perapen workers on the process of nguwad.
The Analyses of Factors Influencing Farmers’ Motivation at Cacao Farming in North Lombok
Authors: Maydasari Elita
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study was to: (1). Knowing the level of production and the factors that influence the motivation of farmers in the farming of cocoa (Theobroma cacao. L) in North Lombok regency. (2). Knowing the relationship between the factors that influence the motivation of farmers in the farming of cocoa (Theobroma cacao. L) in North Lombok regency. (3). Knowing the constraints faced by cocoa farmers in farming in North Lombok regency. This research uses the descriptive method with survey techniques. The unit of analysis in this study is a cocoa farm in North Lombok regency. While the analysis is Logistic Regression and Spearman Rank Correlation. The results showed that the level of cocoa production in the year 2014 for all Sub-District in North Lombok regency as follows: District Winning as much as 25736.65 tons, District of Tanjung many as 79 920 tons, District Ganges as much as 358 596 tonnes, District Kayangan as much as 141 152 tonnes and the District Bayan as much as 19528.25 tons. Category factor affects the motivation of farmers in farming cocoa is the factor of socio-economic status of farmers covers formal education including lower categories, dependents medium category, experience medium category, economic factors include the availability of inputs, including the medium category, the relative advantages including very high category, guarantees market including very low category, social-technical factors include the level of potential suitability of land including appropriate category, the level of saving time farming include the category of very fast and the level of the local cultural appropriateness included the category of very appropriate. Factors influencing market guarantee to motivate cocoa farmers farming. Availability saprodi, relative advantage, a guaranteed market, the level of cultivation time savings have a relationship with the cocoa farming farmer motivation. Constraints in cocoa farming is attack of plant pests and diseases, limited means of production and the limited information on the location of the cultivation and marketing.
Sustainable Transformation of Energy Matrix
Authors: Gámez María Rodríguez , Pérez Antonio Vázquez , Arauz W. Manuel Saltos , Jurado Washington C. Castillo
Published: September 2016

Geographic Information System for Sustainable Energy Development (SIGDES). It is the system which contains geo-referenced data that leads to the knowledge about several potentials of renewable energy sources in the province of Manabí. The objective of providing this information is proposed in a system that promotes the educational research and projects for business development with a territorial vision of sustainability that can make possible the change of energy matrix. The system allows the user to use the information contained in the database, focusing on the solution of energy problems in the community and leads to local sustainable development.
Legal Liability in Standard Form of Contract
Authors: Yasmin Munnie
Published: September 2016

The validity of standard form of contract is not necessary to be disputed. Standard form of contract has become a business necessity in relation to efficiency and effectiveness. The aspect of problems arising in the standard form of contract is the aspect of imbalance position of the parties. Standard form of contract is potential to be abused by parties having stronger bargaining power. One of the forms of the imbalence is the inclusion of exemption clauses which aims to limit or release the liability of one of the parties. Currently, the rules governing the exemption clause exists only in the Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (LCP). Article 18 of LCP governing the standard form of clause is limited to the extent of prohibited form and content, and only aimed at final consumer contracts. In reality, the standard form of clause is also found in commercial contracts which are not only on final consumers but also midst consumers. Based on this matter, it is necessary to elaborate the liabilities of the parties and state in drawing up standard form of contacts.
Pecalang Existence in Keeping Public Order and Safety of Pakraman on the Celebration of Nyepi in Bali
Authors: Arsawati Ni Nyoman Juwita
Published: September 2016

Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945 on Regional Government, especially in Article 18 and paragraph (2) states that "the state recognizes and respects units of customary law communities along with their traditional rights as long as they still live, and in accordance with the development of society and the principles of the Republic of Indonesia, which is regulated by law ". In response to these provisions, the Bali provincial government released Regional Law 3 of 2003 on Pakraman and Customs Agency by sticking to the philosophy of "Tri Hita Karana". In maintaining security and public order Pakraman in Bali, a task force was formed traditionally called "pecalang", which means "celang" (the sharpness of the senses). Pecalang becomes one device of Pakraman, due to the formation through village Paruman (meeting) based on the teachings of Hinduism. Not all citizens can be pecalang of Pakraman, but the election is carried out by village prajuru based on Paruman stated in the villages "awig awig" (law). Therefore, based on the concept of "ngayah" (not  paid), a pecalang in any activities is related to customs, religion, and other activities with  national and international scope, are required to participate in maintaining security and order of Pakraman, the area where pecalang domiciled. Especially on Nyepi, pecalang in maintaining security and order in each Pakraman both the physical environment, socio-cultural environment, including the behavior of the villagers, still do a good cooperation with the police of state and the entire community in Pakraman with coordination on any activities carried out.
Social Context on an Agreement Letter of Sri Sultan Paduka Guvernement of Hindia Nederland and the Kingdom of Bima
Authors: Diansyah Nurrahman
Published: September 2016

The release of a treaty between Sri Sultan Paduka Guvernement successor agreement Hindia Netherlands and the Kingdom of Bima is a relationship product. It means that a text of the letter agreement cannot be separated from the social context of the time. The theory of the social context LFS Hallidayan is adopted in a social context study. Data, collected through the literature and interview methods, are analysed through the procedure of analyzing qualitative data instituted by Milles and Huberman (2014). The finding shows that a written agreement was made in institutionalized situation in the kingdom of Bima involving both the Government of the Hindia Netherlands and the Kingdom of Bima. Bima Kingdom became the imperior wrapper while the Hindia Netherlands government became the superior wrapper. The treaty governs the rights and obligations of both parties. This is written with regard to gender ekplanasi of ideological hegemony, which includes the .Hindia Netherlands against Bima Kingdom through the regulation of rights and obligations.
Democracy Model Based on Bali Local Wisdom Values for Capacity Building of Regional Governance
Authors: Suacana I Wayan Gede , Suaib Eka
Published: September 2016

This research was conducted applying qualitative method for assessing governance in Bali Region. The stage of research began with the collection of primary and secondary data. The second stage was choosing a theory as means of analyzing the data. The third stage analyzed and interpreted the data that had been selected. The fourth stage was to do the writing and construction of research results. The results showed that values of local wisdom of Bali, which is reflected in its democratic models, showed how the government and people of Bali held a governance rule. Strengthening institutional capacity and the capacity of policy was strongly supported by the development of this democratic model. In this context, there is a symmetrical relationship between the accountability and transparency of government who is regarded as Guru Wisesa with the level of public trust in him. It is also supported by the implementation of the five values of local wisdom in giving service (seva) to the public, namely: Sathya (Truth), Dharma (virtue), Shanti (Peace), Prema (love) and Ahimsa (abstinence violence). However, the model of democracy with the values of local wisdom is not enough to produce a democratic political system without the support of the situation, conditions and political institutions. Freedom and equality (equality) as part of the democratic values are still hampered by paternalistic cultures that restrict the freedom of society.
Financial Performance of PSEs Post-Disinvestment
Authors: Singh Rakhi , Agrawal Vijay
Published: September 2016

India being a developing economy has adopted the concept of mixed economy wherein both private and public sector were allowed to industrialize the country except few restricted sector. PSEs controlled by the government played an instrumental role in servicing the country in infrastructure and public services. Since there were lots of political intervention because of which the PSEs derailed from the profit making objective and turned to drainage of wealth which were once referred to be temples of modern India. The PSEs were also suddenly exposed to Global competition which they were not used for operating under protected environment. The level playing field and competition affected the financial performances of PSEs. The paper elucidates the various financial ratios over a period of 10 years and analyzed the performance of the PSEs resurrecting focusing on other factors of their sustainability.
Implementation of Special Program of Pajale (Rice, Corn and Soybean) in Terara District, East Lombok Regency
Authors: Sari Makdis , Sjah Taslim
Published: September 2016

The government of Indonesia has targeted self-sufficiency in production of rice, maize, and soybean in a program called “Upsus Pajale” (Special effort for increasing production of rice, maize, and soybean). This paper aims to describe the implementation of “Pajale” program by farmers, problem, and kinds of actives in the program. Result of this study reveals that there was an improvement in the production of rice, yet there were problems at both farmers and extensions worker. Recommendation for this study are that supervision need to be beginner at the start of the season for better duty implementation, and supervisor’s salary need to be increased for improving working motivation.
Firm Level Competitiveness of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Analytical Framework Based on Pillars of Competitiveness Model
Authors: Wisenthige Krishantha , Guoping Cheng
Published: September 2016

The research on competitiveness has been increasing in popularity amongst scholars, there is a lack of studies focusing on the firm level competitiveness of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). The objective of this paper is to develop a framework model, which can be used to analyze the competitiveness of the SME at the firm level. In this paper, we propose a framework of  six pillars of competitiveness, which constitute the physical and human resources, innovation, networking, management processes as well as  customers (demand conditions) and  competitors (supply conditions). The methodology is unique in the sense that it incorporates the unique analytical framework called the bottlenecks over the pillars of competitiveness, which calculate the individual level competitiveness points for each SME and competition points that can collate significantly with the selected measures of competitiveness. This comprehensive framework needs to be tested empirically with the data in future research.
Pakistan’s Nuclear Policy & Development: A Sri Lankan Perspective
Authors: Aliff S.M. , Fowsar M.A.M
Published: September 2016

This paper aims to examine the historical background of Pakistan’s nuclear strategic doctrines in the context of nuclear deterrence policy of Pakistan. After years of research, Pakistan proudly set off an atomic bomb in 1998 and became the first Muslim nation to join the nuclear community. Primarily, the reason of nuclear deterrence of Pakistan will be propound as part of their historical conflicts with India and Indian threat was the major motive for Pakistan unveiling its nuclear card. The explosion caused tensions around the world and further strained diplomatic relations between Pakistan and its main rival India, which had detonated its own atomic device in 1974. The original Pakistani effort to build the atomic bomb began in the 1950s and reached a fever pitch during the Jimmy Carter administration when Pakistan made a deal with France for a reprocessing plant that could create fissionable plutonium. The other part would emphasize the key part of the nuclear programme of Pakistan. In such context, this paper is an attempt to touch various issues regarding development of nuclear power in Pakistan, while highlighting the role of external powers which would contribute to the transitory nature of their dynamic relations to develop nuclear power in Pakistan. The data were collected mainly from   secondary sources. The research concludes that the Pakistan may have no choice but to gain nuclear capability, to ensure its survival , and has developed its own nuclear weapons in order to strengthen its bargaining position vis-à-vis India and reduce its dependence on external sources.
The Design Diversity of Ornamental Earthenware towards the Craft Product Marketing in Bali on Global Era
Authors: Mudra I Wayan
Published: September 2016

Bali's figure as a "living museum" culture of Hindu-Javanese was believed affecting the realization of Bali tourism development in this global era (Picard, 2006: 21-23). In term of this phenomenon, Bali was interesting by all parties for marketing the various craft products of non-Bali, unlike in Desa Kapal, Mengwi subdistrict, Badung regency, Bali province. The marketing invisible quantity was dominated by non-Bali ornamental earthenware. This dominance led to Balinese ornamental earthenware impressed simply seems "guests" in their own place. First, the research aims at finding out the design diversity of Balinese ornamental earthenware and non-Bali that was marketed in Desa Kapal. Second, the research was intended to know the sense that can be perceived behind the dominance of non-Bali ornamental earthenware designs. The relevance theory was used in analyzing was a semiotics by Roland Barthes (Zoest, 1993), the shape analysis theory (Vihma, 1990), and Derrida deconstruction method (Barker, 2014).
Study on the Buying Motives and Prospects for Small Car Users in Hosur City
Authors: N Priya , Ravi A
Published: September 2016

Liberalization in 1991. The availability of many alternatives within the city provides an opportunity to the consumers to make a rational decision after considering all the options. Today is an era which is characterized by a consumer’s market where the manufacturers and marketers not only take into consideration the consumer orientation to make them satisfied but goes one step ahead of achieving. Consumer delight. Consumers look for those differentiating parameters, which may help them to make the best decision and can be proved as value to money proposition for them. It makes more important to analyze the consumer perceptions and behavior of the passenger car owners which will give the feedback pertaining to designing the marketing strategies. The objective of this paper is to investigate those differentiating parameter and effect of the reference group that influences the consumer buying behavior of car owners within the city of Hosur.The primary data was collected from 191 respondents, located Hosur in using convenience sampling .The results revealed the strong influence of attributes like price, fuel efficiency in buying decision and importance of reference group.
Characterization of Sweetmeat Waste and Its Suitability for Sorption of As(III) in Aqueous Media
Authors: Islam Md. Mirajul , Adak Asok , Paul Prabir K.
Published: September 2016

Presence of arsenic in effluents from mining, mineral processing, and metal plating industries pose a serious health hazard to human beings. In this research, suitability of cheap sweetmeat waste (SMW), which is sweet industry byproduct, was investigated for the treatment of As(III). The physicochemical properties of the sorbent were characterized. The SEM images revealed highly heterogeneous sorbent surface. XRD analysis showed the presence of different polysaccharides mainly containing hydroxyl functional group. FTIR analysis was also performed to confirm the functional groups present in the sorbent. Batch experiments were conducted for kinetic analysis, effect of initial As(III) concentration, sorbent dose, electrolytes, pH, and temperature in order to understand sorption behavior. Presence of electrolyte, solution pH, and temperature were found to affect the performance of the sorbent. The sorption followed pseudo‐second order reaction and Langmuir isotherm model best. The studies revealed SMW to be an efficient media for removal of As(III) from aqueous environment.
Detection, Occurrence and Fate of Emerging Contaminants in Agricultural Environments
Authors: Snow Daniel D. , Cassada David A. , Bartelt –Hunt Shannon L. , Li Xu , D'Alessio Matteo , Zhang Yun , Zhang Yuping , Sallach J. Brett
Published: September 2016

A total of 59 papers published in 2015 were reviewed ranging from detailed descriptions of analytical methods, to fate and occurrence studies, to ecological effects and sampling techniques for a wide variety of emerging contaminants likely to occur in agricultural environments. New methods and studies on veterinary pharmaceuticals, steroids, antibiotic resistance genes in agricultural environments continue to expand our knowledge base on the occurrence and potential impacts of these compounds. This review is divided into the following sections: Introduction, Analytical Methods, Steroid Hormones, Pharmaceutical Contaminants, Transformation Products, and “Antibiotic Resistance, Drugs, Bugs and Genes”.
Wastewater Collection Systems
Authors: Vallabhaneni Srinivas
Published: September 2016

This chapter presents a review of the literature published in 2015 on topics relating to wastewater collection systems. It presents noteworthy advances in research and industry experiences selected from major literature sources. This review is divided into the following sections: sewer system planning; sewer condition assessment/rehabilitation; pump stations/force mains/ system design; operation and maintenance; asset management; and regulatory issues/ integrated planning.
Physico‐Chemical Processes
Authors: Hua Bin , Xiong Huixin , Zhu Guocheng , Wang Lei , Yan Sen , Yang John , Deng Baolin
Published: September 2016

This review is on the research literature published in 2015 related to the physico‐chemical processes for water and wastewater treatment. The review is divided into six sections, including filtration, sedimentation, coagulation/flocculation, flotation, oxidation, and adsorption.
Activated Sludge and other Aerobic Suspended Culture Processes
Authors: Li Chunying , Wei Li , Chang Chein‐Chi , Zhang Yuhua , Wei Dong
Published: September 2016

This is a literature review for the year 2015 and contains information specifically associated with suspended growth processes including activated sludge, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, and sequencing batch reactors. The review encompasses modeling and kinetics, nutrient removal, system design and operation. Compared to past reviews, many topics show increase in activity in 2015. These include, fate and effect of xenobiotics, industrial wastes treatment with sludge, and pretreatment for the activated sludge. These topics are referred to the degradation of constituents in activated sludge. Other sections include population dynamics, process microbiology give an insight into the activated sludge. The subsection in industrial wastes: converting sewage sludge into biogases was also mentioned.
Biological Fixed Film
Authors: Kim Eun‐Sik , Datta Tania , Kim Jeung‐Bea , Lee Goun , Choi Jeongdong
Published: September 2016

The review includes literature published in the year of 2015 regarding the uses of biofilm in full‐scale and lab‐scale bioreactors to treat wastewater. The topics considered include biofilm formation and factors impacting biofilm formation; extracellular polymeric substance from biofilms; biofilm consortia and quorum sensing; biofilm reactors and biofilm in bioelectrochemical systems.
Membrane Processes
Authors: Pellegrin Marie‐Laure , Burbano Marie S. , Sadler Mary E. , Diamond Jason , Baker Simon , Greiner Anthony D. , Arabi Sara , Wong Joseph , Doody Alexandra , Padhye Lokesh P. , Sears Keith , Kistenmacher Peter , Kent Fraser , Tootchi Leila , Aguinaldo Jorge , Saddredini Sara , Schilling Bill , Min Kyungnan , McCandless Robert , Danker Bryce , Gamage Neranga P. , Wang Sunny , Aerts Peter
Published: September 2016

This review, for literature published in 2015, contains information related to membrane processes for municipal and industrial applications. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following topics: pretreatment, membrane bioreactor (MBR) configuration, design, nutrient removal, operation, industrial treatment, anaerobic membrane systems, reuse, microconstituents removal, membrane technology advances, membrane fouling, and modeling. Other sub‐sections of the Treatment Systems section that might relate to this literature review include: Biological Fixed‐Film Systems, Activated Sludge and Other Aerobic Suspended Culture Processes, Anaerobic Processes, Water Reclamation and Reuse. The following sections might also have related information on membrane processes: Industrial Wastes, Hazardous Wastes, and Fate and Effects of Pollutants.
[ARTICLE WITHDRAWN] Anaerobic Process
Authors: Yang Qian , Ju Mei‐Ting , Li Wei‐Zun , Liu Le , Wang Yan‐Nan , Chang Chein‐Chi
Published: September 2016

THIS ARTICLE WAS WITHDRAWN BY THE PUBLISHER IN DECEMBER 2017 OWING TO POTENTIAL PLAGIARISM.
Disinfection Processes
Authors: Munakata Naoko , Kuo Jeff
Published: September 2016

A review of the literature published in 2015 on topics relating to disinfection processes is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: disinfection methods, disinfection byproducts, and microbiology and microbial communities.