bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction of SEWA sarcoma cell proteins with the intracisternal A‐type particle long terminal repeat dna sequence
Authors: Ronai Zeev , Robinson Richard , Lee Grace , Okin Ester , Minarovits Janos , Wirchubsky Zvi , Klein George , Weinstein I. Bernard
Published: September 2008

Intracisternal A‐type particle (IAP) transcripts are endogenous retrovirus‐like sequences expressed during specific stages of normal development and in a variety of murine tumors. In this study, we have analyzed two cell lines derived originally from the SEWA murine osteosarcoma and grown either as ascites or as solid tumors, for proteins that might regulate IAP expression. We found that subline AA7‐NA, originally derived from the ascites tumor, expressed about five times more IAP RNA than the AS12‐AD subline, which was derived from a solid tumor. In view of this finding, we examined the binding of cellular proteins from the two cell lines to the 5′ end of an IAP long terminal repeat sequence. Gel retardation assays of DNA‐protein complexes and DNase I footprinting assays identified several DNA sequences within the long terminal repeat fragment that were protected by protein extracts from both SEWA sublines. Gel retardation assays using specific synthetic oligonucleotide sequences that correspond to two of these protected regions revealed different patterns of DNA‐protein complexes with extracts from the two SEWA sublines. These data suggest that expression of IAP sequences is regulated by complex mechanisms involving several proteins that appear to differ between the two sublines.
Huntington's disease‐like 2 in Brazil—Report of 4 patients
Authors: Rodrigues Guilherme G. Riccioppo , Walker Ruth H. , Brice Alexis , Cazeneuve Cécile , Russaouen Odile , Teive Helio A.G. , Munhoz Renato Puppi , Becker Nilson , Raskin Salmo , Werneck Lineu Cesar , Junior Wilson Marques , Tumas Vitor
Published: September 2008

Huntington's disease‐like 2 (HDL2) is a neurodegenerative disorder found in people of African ancestry with clinical, radiological, and neuropathological manifestations similar to Huntington's disease (HD). HDL2 is caused by a pathological expansion of CAG/CTG triplets in exon 2A of the JPH3 gene. We describe four cases of HDL2 from four unrelated families, and discuss their clinical findings. HDL2 should be considered in every patient with an HD‐like phenotype who tests negative for the HD mutation, even if African ancestry is not immediately apparent. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Nordic walking improves mobility in Parkinson's disease
Authors: van Eijkeren Frank J.M. , Reijmers Ruud S.J. , Kleinveld Mirjam J. , Minten Angret , Bruggen Jan Pieter ter , Bloem Bastiaan R.
Published: September 2008

Nordic walking may improve mobility in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we examined whether the beneficial effects persist after the training period. We included 19 PD patients [14 men; mean age 67.0 years (range 58–76); Hoehn and Yahr stage range 1–3] who received a 6‐week Nordic walking exercise program. Outcome was assessed prior to training (T1), immediately after the training period (T2) and—in a subgroup of 9 patients—5 months after training (T3). At T2, we observed a significant improvement in timed 10‐m walking, the timed get‐up‐and‐go‐test (TUG), the 6‐min walking test and quality of life (PDQ‐39). All treatment effects persisted at T3. Compliance was excellent, and there were no adverse effects. These preliminary findings suggest that Nordic walking could provide a safe, effective, and enjoyable way to reduce physical inactivity in PD and to improve the quality of life. A large randomized clinical trial now appears justified. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Raman amplification impact in packet base networks
Authors: André Paulo , Neto Berta , Teixeira Antonio , Wada Naoya
Published: September 2008

The effect of Raman amplification on packet based networks is analyzed. The impact of this technique is compared with the one based on EDFA amplification in terms of packet quality degradation in a point to point link. Low impact on the Q factor (less than 0.05 dB) of the packet occupancy density was observed for the Raman amplification scheme. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3083–3085, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23864
A high gain probe‐feed microstrip antenna for wideband applications
Authors: Ghassemi N. , Neshati M. H. , Rashed‐Mohassel J.
Published: September 2008

This letter presents a new high‐gain microstrip structure with three rectangular patches on bottom layer and one patch on the top layer. A parametric study is presented on the effect of the parasitic patch and using an air gap between the feed patch and the ground plane. The measurement results show that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 62% centered at 14.5 GHz, and the measured gain of the antenna is more than 8 dB over most of the bandwidth. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3027–3029, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23866
Novel MMIC protection technique in plasma etching process for mechanically movable RF mems antenna
Authors: Kim Jung‐Mu , Lee Sanghyo , Kim Yongsung , Kim Jong‐Man , Cheon Changyul , Kwon Youngwoo , Kim Yong‐Kweon
Published: September 2008

In this article, we proposed the novel monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) protection technique in plasma etching process for MMIC mounted mechanically movable RF MEMS antenna. We could eliminate the distortion of radiation pattern caused by RF feed line on antenna frame and torsional hinge as using MMIC direct mounting on antenna plate instead of using external RF power source. Silicon‐based mechanically movable RF MEMS antenna was released using DRIE process, which was performed on the backside of silicon substrate after MMIC mounting on RF MEMS antenna plate. An aluminum layer on the front side of RF MEMS antenna plays a role of etch stop layer for DRIE process. We measured the radiation pattern as rotating the moving plate along the vertical‐ and horizontal‐direction hinge mechanically. We could obtain the radiation pattern without gain reduction and distortion of radiation pattern. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3089–3093, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23870
Small antennas application in portable phones
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Yi , Sun Jwo‐Shiun
Published: September 2008

The compact antennas are introduced, which are working in universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) of 1920–2170 MHz and digital video broadcast‐handheld (DVB‐H+) of 1452–1492 MHz for portable phones applications. The resonant frequency of UMTS is presented by using a planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) element. The other resonant frequency of DVB‐H+ is presented by using meander‐line configurations. The ratio of impedance bandwidth of the PIFA antenna to the center frequency 1500 MHz is 29% (DVB‐H+). The ratio of impedance bandwidth of the meander radiator to the center frequency 2100 MHz is 20% (UMTS). The size of the two antennas is shortened to 65% compared to general internal radiators. The total volume of the two radiators is 40 (L) × 5 (W) × 0.2 (H) mm3 (PIFA) and 20 (L) × 5 (W) × 0.2 (H) mm3 (meander radiator), respectively. The experimental results are compared to the numerical simulation, high‐frequency structure simulator, for agreement. The good performances of the antennas like wide bandwidth and omnidirectional far‐field patterns can be obtained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3020–3023, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23872
Investigation on wideband digital feedback predistortion technique for mobile WiMAX multicarrier applications
Authors: Kim Jangheon , Moon Junghwan , Kim Jungjoon , Kim Ildu , Kim Bumman
Published: September 2008

We have developed a new wideband digital feedback predistortion technique for wideband signals by combining digital feedback predistortion linearization and memory‐effect compensation techniques, and investigated linearization performance for 802.16e mobile WiMAX 2FA signal. For this purpose, a 2.655‐GHz class‐AB amplifier with 170‐W peak envelope power is fabricated. The proposed technique is compared with the digital feedback predistortion. We have experimentally demonstrated that the new wideband digital feedback predistortion technique is suitable to linearize amplifiers for mobile WiMAX multicarrier application. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3048–3052, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23877
Compact coplanar slot antenna fed by asymmetric coplanar strip for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN operations
Authors: Song Yue , Jiao Yong Chang , Wang Xiao Ming , Weng Zi Bin , Zhang Fu Shun
Published: September 2008

A novel compact multiband printed slot antenna fed by a asymmetric coplanar strip for multiband applications is presented. The prototype printed on a substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 with an overall dimension of only 31 × 15 mm2 is proposed for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications in the 2.4–2.48 GHz, 5.15–5.35 GHz, and 5.725–5.825 GHz frequency range. The coplanar design, simple feeding technique, and compactness make it easy for the integration of the antenna into circuit boards. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3080–3083, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23882
Topology optimization of coupling between slab and photonic crystal waveguide
Authors: Hirayama Koichi , Tabata Yoshihiro , Tsuji Yasuhide , Hayashi Yukinari
Published: September 2008

We employ topology optimization with the finite‐element method to improve the coupling between a slab waveguide and a photonic crystal waveguide. Here, we apply topology optimization in a small design region to realize the improvement of the coupling. Also, we simplify an optimized structure of the coupling region for easier fabrication and try to find core features of the optimized structure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3009–3012, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23886
A 60 GHz mixer using 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology
Authors: Lee Sang‐Heung , Lee Ja‐Yol , Kim Haecheon
Published: September 2008

In this article, a 60 GHz band down‐conversion mixer for 60 GHz wireless personal‐area network is designed and fabricated on a chip using 0.25 μm SiGe:C BiCMOS process technology. To design this 60 GHz band mixer, architecture of double‐balanced mixer is used, including input and output balun circuits, which are composed of active elements. The results of the fabricated mixer measured between RF 57 and 63 GHz show conversion gain of 12.0–10.7 dB, LO to RF isolation and LO to IF isolation of more than 28 dB, and input P1dB of −17 to −18 dBm. The chip size of the manufactured mixer is 1.3 mm × 0.8 mm. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3007–3009, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23887
Notched CPW‐fed pentagonal monopole antenna for dual wideband operation
Authors: Liu Wen‐Chung , Wu Chao‐Ming , Chung Shih‐Hsiung , Jaw Jieh‐La
Published: September 2008

A coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed pentagonal monopole antenna with embedded notches for both the pentagonal radiating patch and the ground planes to obtain good dual and wide impedance matching performance is proposed. The effects of embedded notches are analyzed and the prototype of optimized design has been constructed and measured. The proposed design, with size of 28.5 × 28.5 mm2, leads to good dual wideband operation with −10 dB impedance bandwidths of 380 MHz and 4.58 GHz centered at 2.21 and 5.78 GHz, respectively. A stable radiation pattern of monopole‐like type and average gains of greater than 2.1 and 4.2 dBi, respectively, over the two operating bands have also been obtained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3104–3108, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23889
Analysis of V‐slot loaded patch for wide‐band operation
Authors: Ansari J. A. , Dubey Satya Kesh , Singh Prabhakar , Khan R. U. , Vishvakarma Babau R.
Published: September 2008

In this article, analysis of V‐slot loaded patch antenna is proposed using equivalent circuit model. Such antenna provides a wide bandwidth which depends inversely on the base width and slot thickness. The proposed results are compared with experimental and simulated results which are in good agreements. Radiation pattern of the proposed antenna is in good agreement with the simulated results. This validates the accuracy of the proposed model. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3069–3075, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23891
Strip‐loaded CPW‐fed triangular monopole antenna for UWB operation
Authors: Liu Wen‐Chung , Wu Chao‐Ming , Chung Shih‐Hsiung , Jaw Jieh‐La
Published: September 2008

A coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed triangular monopole antenna with two loaded strips for ultra‐wideband (UWB) operation is proposed. The effects of both loaded strips to the triangular patch and embedded notches to the ground planes are analyzed and optimized to obtain the UWB performance. The proposed antenna experimentally reaches a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 8.21 GHz (from 1.84 to 10.05 GHz) covering the band requirements of broadband or multifrequency communication systems. And, good monopole‐like radiation pattern and antenna gain have also been obtained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3097–3101, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23896
Compact and low insertion loss dual‐mode bandpass filter
Authors: Sung Y.
Published: September 2008

In this article, a novel type of dual‐mode bandpass filter is presented. The novel structure is achieved by embedding a pair of crossed slots and spur‐lines. The proposed filter provides low insertion loss because there are no coupling gaps and radiation loss in feed structure. Without coupling gaps between feed lines and patch resonator, impedance matching can be easily obtained. The bandwidth and the location of attenuation poles are adjusted by the spur‐lines. In addition, this design has a practical, flexible, and wide coupling range for dual‐mode operation. The filter exhibits 18.5% bandwidth at the center frequency of 1.495 GHz. Insertion loss is better than 1.31 dB in the passband. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3201–3206, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23902
Time interval measurement for resonator fiber optic gyroscope based on slow light technology
Authors: Li Ying , Chen Xinglin
Published: September 2008

It is noted that the high‐group dispersion leads to huge enhancement of the fiber optic gyroscope's sensitivity in a resonating structure, and an approach to evaluate and design resonator gyroscope with slow‐light property is proposed. And then we could adopt time interval measurement to obtain angular velocity. A high‐resolution time‐to‐digital converter implemented in a general purpose field‐programmable‐gate‐array has been introduced. Experiments show that such a novel structure would allow for several orders of magnitude sensitivity enhancement that is particularly important for fiber optic gyroscope. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3220–3223, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23904
A higher‐order optical transformation for nonmagnetic cloaking
Authors: Gallina Ilaria , Castaldi Giuseppe , Galdi Vincenzo
Published: September 2008

In coordinate‐transformation‐based approaches to electromagnetic concealment (“cloaking”) of objects, use of higher‐order (quadratic) mappings has been proposed as an effective device to obtain satisfactory responses without the use of magnetic materials that are complicated to synthesize at optical frequencies. In this article, we explore a new higher‐order algebraic transformation, which allows, in principle, for a broader range of applicability and further parametric optimization. Via full‐wave numerical studies of near‐ and far‐field observables, we assess its performance by comparison with various reference cases (nonreduced parameters, quadratic transformation, no cloak). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3186–3190, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23905
Printed PIFA with a coplanar coupling feed for penta‐band operation in the mobile phone
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Huang Chih‐Hong
Published: September 2008

A printed planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) with a novel coplanar coupling feed for GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS penta‐band operation in the mobile phone is presented. The proposed PIFA is printed on one surface of the system circuit board of the mobile phone with an occupied area of 10 × 60 mm2 only, making it promising for practical applications. In addition, the PIFA is easily fabricated at low cost and can be bent by half, such that it occupies a small volume of 5 × 5 × 60 mm3 or 1.5 cm3 inside the mobile phone. The coplanar coupling feed allows the PIFA to generate two wide operating bands for covering GSM850/900 and GSM1800/1900/UMTS operations, respectively. Detailed effects of the coplanar coupling feed on the performances of the proposed PIFA are studied. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3181–3186, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23906
Wavelength converters characterization based on four‐wave mixing and cross‐gain modulation using semiconductor optical amplifiers of diverse cavity lengths
Authors: Ribeiro Napoleão S. , Gallep Cristiano M. , Conforti Evandro
Published: September 2008

Semiconductor optical amplifiers of various lengths are characterized in relation to the four‐wave mixing (FWM) properties, followed by the implementation of wavelength converters based on the cross‐gain modulation and FWM. The relative efficiencies of the converters are analyzed and the comparative eye diagrams are discussed. The measured Q‐factor shows that some of these converters can be used in systems operating up to 10 Gbits/s. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3246–3251, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23909
Study of a double printed UWB dipole antenna
Authors: Zhang Jin‐Sheng , Wang Fa‐Jia
Published: September 2008

The characteristics of a double printed UWB dipole antenna with two U‐shape arms are investigated both in frequency domain and time domain. Some reasonable theoretical analyses are proposed. Transmitting antenna transfer function, receiving antenna transfer function, and antenna system function are used to describe the antenna performance. Flat amplitude and linear phase responses of the transmitting antenna transfer function are observed in 3.0–8 GHz. Impulse responses for both single band and multiband schemers are studied in time domain. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3179–3181, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23912
Aperture‐coupled C‐shape slot cut square microstrip antenna for circular polarization
Authors: Chen Nasimuddin Z. N. , Qing Xianming
Published: September 2008

A new C‐shape slot cut square microstrip antenna is proposed for circular polarization (CP) using an aperture‐coupled feed. The C‐shape slot cut square microstrip antenna is fed at the center using an aperture coupled to get CP operation. About 4.3% measured 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth with 13% 10‐dB return loss bandwidth is achieved. The overall antenna size is 65.0 mm × 65.0 mm × 11.5 mm. The proposed technology can be used to design low‐cost, compact, broadband circularly polarized microstrip antennas and arrays. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3175–3178, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23913
Micromachined 50 GHz/60 GHz Phi filters by CMOS compatible ICP deep trench technology
Authors: Huang Pen‐Li , Wang Tao , Lin Yo‐Sheng , Lu Shey‐Shi , Teng Yu‐Ming , Huang Guo‐Wei
Published: September 2008

Micromachined 50 and 60 GHz millimeter‐wave filters were implemented by using a 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The CMOS‐compatible inductively coupled‐plasma (ICP) deep trench technology is used to selectively remove the silicon underneath the filters completely, and so the substrate loss of the filters can be significantly reduced. The results show that 3.2, 2.6, and 2.1 dB improvements in S11, S21, and GAmax, respectively, are achieved for the 60 GHz filter after the backside ICP etching. Besides, for the 50 GHz filter, a 295.8% (from 9.6 to 38) improvement in Q‐factor of its inductors is achieved. These results show that the backside ICP etching is effective to reduce the substrate loss and parasitic capacitance in the millimeter‐wave frequency bands, and hence is very promising for millimeter‐wave CMOS RFIC applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3142–3146, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23915
A novel alternating current imaging radiometer for the security inspection
Authors: Zhang Guang‐Feng , Lou Guo‐Wei , Wang Hong
Published: September 2008

Different from the traditional direct current radiometric imaging, an alternating current (AC) radiometer was presented to be passive millimeter‐wave imaging with simple and integrated structure for the purpose of security inspection in China. The AC radiometer image interpretation has its own characteristic. The imaging results of 3‐mm waveband AC radiometer show that it can obtain concealed objects characteristic and can be used to inspect the passenger for antiterrorism. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3259–3261, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23916
A UWB band‐notched antenna with novel branches on the back of substrate
Authors: Cai Yunlong , Feng Zhenghe
Published: September 2008

One branch‐on‐substrate‐back structure for band‐notching ultrawideband printed ellipse slot antenna is presented, which is for the 5.8 GHz band band‐notching. The band‐notching frequency is done easily by tuning the length of the branch. The article also analyzes the current distribution/fields, and proposes an LC‐in‐series model to explain the band‐notching structure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3274–3278, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23925
Dual‐band 1:3 series power divider based on composite right/left‐handed transmission lines
Authors: Liu Xiao , Li Chao , Li Fang
Published: September 2008

A dual‐band 1:3 series power divider that provides equal power splits to all three output ports is presented. To achieve dual‐band working, the divider employs, instead of conventional transmission lines of one wavelength, the composite right/left‐handed transmission lines (CRLH TLs) yielding electrical length of 0 and −2π at 1.14 and 2.47 GHz, respectively. Dual‐frequency transformers in two sections are added at the output ports to provide dual‐band impedance matching. Two pairs of isolation resistors are used to isolate the three output ports from each other, and their values are determined by solving the equivalent network model of the divider. The isolation between any of the two output ports is measured to be larger than 20 dB at both frequencies, which is of great use in power combination, and the dual‐band divider maintains a relatively compact size. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3236–3239, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23927
On the advantages of magnetic materials in microstrip antenna miniaturization
Authors: Ikonen Pekka , Tretyakov Sergei
Published: September 2008

A simple explanation is provided for the advantages of magnetic materials in microstrip antenna miniaturization. The observations are derived from a standard transmission‐line model, and the findings are qualitatively verified using numerical simulations. It is shown that the advantages of magnetic materials arise from the favorable antenna geometry and favorable feed technique. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3131–3134, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23931
GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS printed monopole antenna for mobile phone application
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Kang Ting‐Wei
Published: September 2008

The design of a printed monopole antenna on the system circuit board of the mobile phone for achieving GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS operation with a small area of 10 mm × 60 mm is presented. The antenna is easy to fabricate at low cost and mainly comprises a driven strip, a coupled strip, and a high‐pass matching network for providing two wide operating bands at about 900 and 1900 MHz to cover GSM850/900 and GSM1800/1900/UMTS operations, respectively. The wide lower band is controlled by the driven strip excited as a quarter‐wavelength mode, which is further tuned to become a dual‐resonance excitation by incorporating the high‐pass matching network for effective bandwidth enhancement. For the wide upper band, it is formed by a quarter‐wavelength mode excited at about 1800 MHz by the coupled strip and the higher‐order mode contributed by the driven strip. Furthermore, with the proposed antenna structure, the lower and upper bands can generally be tuned separately, which is an attractive feature and makes it easy to design for practical applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3192–3198, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23936
Design of a compact microstrip low‐pass filter using defected ground structure
Authors: Wei Feng , Shi Xiao Wei , Li Bin , Huang Qiu Lin , Wang Xin Huai
Published: September 2008

A novel compact microstrip low‐pass filter (LPF) is proposed in this article. The proposed LPF is composed of semicircle‐defected ground structures (S‐DGS) and semicircle stepped‐impedance shunt stubs (S‐SISS). An equivalent lumped L‐C circuit model is also presented. With the S‐DGS and S‐SISS, better band‐stop performance and much smaller size can be obtained. Finally, theoretical and simulated results are presented, which are in good agreement with the measured results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3157–3160, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23938
Low frequency noise optimization in Gilbert‐cell‐based mixers for direct conversion (zero‐IF) receivers
Authors: Alvarado U. , Berenguer R. , Adín I. , Meléndez J. , Legarda J. , Bistué G.
Published: September 2008

This letter analyses the low frequency noise performance in Gilbert‐cell‐based zero‐IF mixers. Several issues for optimizing the flicker noise performance while keeping a good mixer performance in terms of gain, noise figure, and power consumption are introduced in a quantitative manner. A CMOS zero‐IF mixer has been fabricated and measured. A flicker noise reduction up to 10.4 dB is achieved at 10 kHz with a power consumption of only 5.4 mW. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3128–3131, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23940
Fabrication of a new‐type wideband bandpass filter on the MGTA1.5NB0.5O6 ceramic substrate
Authors: Cheng Chien‐Min , Chen Ying‐Chung , Yang Cheng‐Fu
Published: September 2008

To enhance performance of microwave filter, one of the most effective methods is to insert transmission zeros in the stop‐bands. A modified end‐coupled microstrip line structure is combined with a hairpin resonator in this research. Using the combination technique and cross coupling, a miniature wideband microstrip bandpass filter is proposed on the MgTa1.5Nb0.5O6 microwave dielectric ceramic substrate. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3223–3225, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23943
A CMOS Colpitts voltage controlled oscillator with an enhanced transconductance method
Authors: Shie Ching‐Ian , Chiang Yi‐Chyun
Published: September 2008

This work presents a technique to enhance the performance of the conventional PMOS Colpitts VCO circuit. This technique is accomplished by adding an NMOS cross‐coupled pair under the traditional differential Colpitts VCO to enhance the oscillator startup condition. The signal analysis also supports this viewpoint and presents a device‐choosing method to optimize the output power and phase noise. In realization, the circuit in the CMOS 0.18‐μm technology, a U‐shaped inductor, and thick oxide varactors are adopted in circuit to increase the quality factor of resonant tank. The performance of VCO demonstrates a center frequency of 16.7 GHz, a FOM of −186.2 dBc/Hz, and the phase noise of −110.42 dBc/Hz at the 1 MHz offset from the oscillation frequency. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3160–3164, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23944
Japanese experience of screening
Authors: Takeda Takeo , Hatae Yoshio , Nakadate Hisaya , Nishi Motoi , Hanai Junji , Sato Yasumasa , Takasugi Nobuo
Published: September 2008

In Sapporo City, the mass‐screening for neuroblastoma concerning the urine of infants at about 6 months of age, started in 1981. After 1984, the quantitative determination of VMA, HVA in the urine was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography from the first step.

About 104,000 babies have received the screening during the last 7 years, and 19 patients were found (incidence of detection 1:5,500). Except for one, who died of the duodenal perforation shortly after the surgery, all other patients are surviving free from disease.

Among 10,000 neonates, we determined urinary concentration of VMA, HVA, and no positive cases were found. However, from this group, 2 patients we detected by the mass‐screening at 6 months of age (1:5,000).

After the start of mass‐screening, the number of the patients with this tumor in much earlier stages and younger ages increased, clarifying that the main cause for improvement of the survival rates of neuroblastoma in Sapporo.
Recognition of an in vivo immune response to human neuroblastoma modulation of antigen expression by retinoic acid
Authors: McGarry Ronald C. , Bowen Thomas , Hayes Anne , Hammersley‐Straw Deborah
Published: September 2008

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors of childhood and is notable for its ability to spontaneously regress and, in some instances, to differentiate to less malignant ganglioneuromas. Since immune mechanisms may account for these phenomena, identification of in vivo immune responses to tumor cell surface antigens may be important to the progression of the disease. As determined by analysis on the fluorescence‐activated cell sorter, sera from 10 of 18 neuroblastomas patients were found to contain antibodies to a cell surface antigen present on subpopulations of cells from human neuroblastoma cell lines maintained in vitro. Eight human neuroblastoma cell lines were examined and found to vary in reactivity with sera. Induction of differentiation of cell lines with retinoic acid (RA) in vitro resulted in most cell lines bearing higher percentages of positive cells but with a decreased mean cell fluorescence. Preliminary Western blot analysis of lysates of the human cell lines NMB/N7, SMS‐KAN, and SK‐N‐MC showed two principal antigen bands on reducing gels. Comparison of sera from different individuals on lysates of cell lines showed reactivity principally with bands of 105‐110 kD and 65‐70 kD and an additional minor band of slightly lower molecular weight with the higher titer sera. The ability of different sera to recognize a common antigen pattern suggests that this represents an immunodominant cell surface antigen. Examination of reactivity of other cell lines in this system showed that positive sera reacted with all neuroblastoma lines examined, one neuroepithelioma (SK‐N‐MC), two melanoma lines (MeWo, C361), and one adrenal‐derived adenocarcinoma (SW‐13).
Psychosocial status of young adult survivors of childhood cancer: A survey
Authors: Meadows Anna T. , McKee Linda , Kazak Anne E.
Published: September 2008

The majority of childhood cancer patients now can expect to survive into early adulthood, cured of their cancer. Current adult survivors are a diverse group in terms of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, and types of treatment. It is estimated that by 1990, 1 in every 1,000 twenty‐year‐olds will have had cancer, making it important to describe the long‐term psychosocial adjustment of this population.

Patients who were diagnosed between 1948 and 1975 while less than 16 years of age, who were currently 18 years or older, had been off therapy for at least 5 years, and had no known brain damage were eligible for this survey and were identified through the tumor registry at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHP). Initially, the parents were contacted by letter. Ninety‐five (57%) of the 167 eligible patients participated in a telephone interview, which covered educational achievement, occupational status, interpersonal relationships, marital status, pregnancies, employee benefits and insurance, and medical and health behaviors. Respondents were not different from nonrespondents in terms of sex, year of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, diagnoses, stage of illness, or type of treatments. There were no differences in terms of education, marital status, fertility issues, or occupational status by diagnosis group, age at diagnosis, or treatments. The patients were compared to siblings over 18 years of age in terms of education and marital status. No significant differences in sex distribution or years of education between patients and siblings were found. The siblings were, as a group, older than the patients and were more likely to be married.

In general, these patients were functioning normally, but there are many unexplored areas of interpersonal relationships and productivity that need further study before conclusions regarding psychosocial adjustment of childhood cancer survivors can be drawn.
A novel LMNA gene mutation Leu162Pro and the associated clinical characteristics in a family with autosomal‐dominant emery–dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Authors: Kim Hyun Y. , Ki Chang‐Seok , Kang Seok‐Jae , Khang Shin K. , Koh Seong‐Ho , Kim Dong‐Won , Kim Seung H. , Sung Il‐Hoon
Published: September 2008

We report the clinical characteristics, genetic analysis, and muscle biopsy findings of a family with Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and a novel mutation (Leu162Pro) in the LMNA gene. Within this single family, the age of onset and disease severity varied among the family members. In addition, focal defects of nuclear membranes with chromatin blebs in endothelial cells was shown via electron microscopy. Muscle Nerve 38: 1336–1339, 2008
Location of collateral sprouting of donor nerve following end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy
Authors: Zhu Qing‐Tang , Zhu Jia‐Kai , Chen Gary Y.
Published: September 2008

Various studies have demonstrated collateral regeneration of the donor nerve following end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy, but the location of collateral sprouting remains controversial. In a rat end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy model we isolated nerve fibers from the donor nerve at the neurorrhaphy site utilizing a micro‐tease technique. We found that axons sprouted collaterally from a myelinated nerve fiber at the node of Ranvier. Based on this preliminary result we conclude that myelinated nerve fibers could sprout collateral branches at the node of Ranvier at an end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy site. These findings show that end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy may be an alternative for peripheral nerve repair. Muscle Nerve, 2008.
Fatigue‐induced changes in tonic vibration response (TVR) in humans: Relationships between electromyographic and biochemical events
Authors: Brerro‐Saby Christelle , Delliaux Stéphane , Steinberg Jean Guillaume , Jammes Yves
Published: September 2008

Fatigue‐induced changes in the proprioceptive reflex loop were explored in humans by using the tonic electromyographic (EMG) response to vibration (TVR) and relating it to lactic acidosis (LA) and oxidative stress. TVR was measured in flexor digitorum superficialis before and after sustained or intermittent handgrip at maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). TVR variations were compared with the changes in EMG power spectrum preceding contractile fatigue, the Hoffman reflex (H‐reflex), and plasma concentrations of LA and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). After both sustained and intermittent handgrips, TVR amplitude first declined then increased, independently from the changes in EMG power spectrum and H‐reflex. TVR depression and facilitation were respectively concomitant with increases in LA and TBARS. The TVR depression was proportional to the increased LA level. The origin of TVR changes after muscle fatigue is questioned because the relationship between TVR depression and LA accumulation might be temporal, not causal, and changes in muscle stiffness were not explored. Muscle Nerve, 2008.
Recessive CLCN1 mutation presenting as thomsen disease
Authors: Thomas Judy , Tarleton Jack , Baker Steven K.
Published: September 2008

This case report describes a young man referred for electrodiagnostic evaluation for hand stiffness and intermittent numbness. His needle electromyography revealed diffusely increased insertional and spontaneous motor activity in the form of myotonic discharges. Given the finding of symptomatic myotonia also in his mother, Thomsen myotonia was suspected. Investigations not only confirmed Thomsen myotonia, but also led to the identification of a previously reported heterozygous Becker mutation in both the proband and his mother. Muscle Nerve, 2008.
Adaptive and nonadaptive responses to voluntary wheel running by mdx mice
Authors: Landisch Rachel M. , Kosir Allison M. , Nelson Steven A. , Baltgalvis Kristen A. , Lowe Dawn A.
Published: September 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which hindlimb muscles of mdx mice adapt to a voluntary endurance type of exercise. mdx and C57BL mice engaged in 8 weeks of wheel running or maintained normal cage activities. Beneficial adaptations that occurred in mdx mice included changes in muscle mass, fiber size, and fiber types based on myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression. These adaptations occurred without increases in fiber central nuclei and embryonic MHC expression. An undesirable outcome, however, was that muscle mitochondrial enzyme activities did not improve with exercise in mdx mice as they did in C57BL mice. Cellular remodeling of dystrophic muscle following exercise has not been studied adequately. In this study we found that some, but not all, of the expected adaptations occurred in mdx mouse muscle. We must better understand these (non)adaptations in order to inform individuals with DMD about the benefits of exercise. Muscle Nerve 38: 1290–1303, 2008
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the satellite cell response following muscle lengthening contractions in humans
Authors: O'Reilly Ciara , McKay Bryon , Phillips Stuart , Tarnopolsky Mark , Parise Gianni
Published: September 2008

The time‐courses of satellite cell (SC) activation and protein expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), HGF activator (HGFA), HGFA inhibitor‐1 (HAI‐1), and HGFA inhibitor‐2 (HAI‐2) in human skeletal muscle, as well as serum HGF following a single bout of muscle lengthening contractions, were determined. Eight recreationally active participants were recruited for the study. Subjects performed 300 lengthening contractions involving the quadriceps femoris muscles of a single leg at a fixed velocity of 180°/s. Percutaneous muscle biopsies were taken before (PRE) and at 4 h (T4), 24 h (T24), 72 h (T72), and 120 h (T120) following the exercise. The protocol resulted in an increase in the number of SCs [neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)‐labeled cells] expressed relative to total myonuclei, at T24, compared with both PRE and T4 (P < 0.05), and peaked at T72 (∽80% increase vs. PRE, P < 0.05). HGF protein increased significantly in serum from baseline (PRE) to T4 (P < 0.05). Active HGF protein was detected in skeletal muscle at rest [14.4 ± 1.3 average integrated density value (IDV)/actin average IDV] and tended to increase at early time‐points (P = 0.12). HGFA protein increased significantly from PRE to T24 (P < 0.05). HAI‐1 protein increased significantly from PRE to T24 (P < 0.05). HAI‐2 (32 kDa) increased significantly from baseline (PRE) by T24 (P < 0.05), and also by T72 and T120 (P < 0.05). We conclude that a single bout of lengthening muscle contractions is sufficient to activate SCs, which may involve both a local and systemic HGF response to contraction‐induced injury. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Citicoline enhances frontal lobe bioenergetics as measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Silveri M. M. , Dikan J. , Ross A. J. , Jensen J. E. , Kamiya T. , Kawada Y. , Renshaw P. F. , Yurgelun‐Todd D. A.
Published: September 2008

Citicoline supplementation has been used to ameliorate memory disturbances in older people and those with Alzheimer's disease. This study used MRS to characterize the effects of citicoline on high‐energy phosphate metabolites and constituents of membrane synthesis in the frontal lobe. Phosphorus (31P) metabolite data were acquired using a three‐dimensional chemical‐shift imaging protocol at 4 T from 16 healthy men and women (mean ± SD age 47.3 ± 5.4 years) who orally self‐administered 500 mg or 2000 mg Cognizin® Citicoline (Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan) for 6 weeks. Individual 31P metabolites were quantified in the frontal lobe (anterior cingulate cortex) and a comparison region (parieto‐occipital cortex). Significant increases in phosphocreatine (+7%), β‐nucleoside triphosphates (largely ATP in brain, +14%) and the ratio of phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate (+32%), as well as significant changes in membrane phospholipids, were observed in the anterior cingulate cortex after 6 weeks of citicoline treatment. These treatment‐related alterations in phosphorus metabolites were not only regionally specific, but tended to be of greater magnitude in subjects who received the lower dose. These data show that citicoline improves frontal lobe bioenergetics and alters phospholipid membrane turnover. Citicoline supplementation may therefore help to mitigate cognitive declines associated with aging by increasing energy reserves and utilization, as well as increasing the amount of essential phospholipid membrane components needed to synthesize and maintain cell membranes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symmetric low‐rank corrections to quadratic models
Authors: Qian Jiang , Xu Shu‐Fang , Bai Feng‐Shan
Published: September 2008

In this paper, we study the quadratic model updating problems by using symmetric low‐rank correcting, which incorporates the measured model data into the analytical quadratic model to produce an adjusted model that matches the experimental model data, and minimizes the distance between the analytical and updated models. We give a necessary and sufficient condition on the existence of solutions to the symmetric low‐rank correcting problems under some mild conditions, and propose two algorithms for finding approximate solutions to the corresponding optimization problems. The good performance of the two algorithms is illustrated by numerical examples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A moving Kriging interpolation‐based meshless method for numerical simulation of Kirchhoff plate problems
Authors: Bui Tinh Quoc , Nguyen Tan Nhat , Nguyen‐Dang Hung
Published: September 2008

This paper mainly proposes an alternative way for numerical implementation of thin plates bending based on a new improvement of meshless method, which is combined between the standard element‐free Galerkin method and one different shape functions building technique. The moving Kriging (MK) interpolation is applied instead of the traditional moving least‐square approximation in order to overcome Kronecker's delta property where the standard method does not satisfy. Obviously, the deflection of the thin plates is approximated via the MK interpolation. To illustrate this approach, numerical analysis is examined in both regular and irregular systems. Three examples with different geometric shapes of thin plates undergoing a simply supported boundary are performed. In addition, two important parameters of the present method are also analyzed. A good agreement can be found among the proposed, analytical and finite element methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical modelling of elastic wave scattering in frequency domain by the partition of unity finite element method
Authors: El Kacimi A. , Laghrouche O.
Published: September 2008

In this paper, we investigate a numerical approach based on the partition of unity finite element method, for the time‐harmonic elastic wave equations. The aim of the proposed work is to accurately model two‐dimensional elastic wave problems with fewer elements, capable of containing many wavelengths per nodal spacing, and without refining the mesh at each frequency. The approximation of the displacement field is performed via the standard finite element shape functions, enriched by superimposing pressure and shear plane wave basis, which incorporate knowledge of the wave propagation. A variational framework able to handle mixed boundary conditions is described. Numerical examples dealing with the radiation and the scattering of elastic waves by a circular body are presented. The results show the performance of the proposed method in both accuracy and efficiency. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolated central nervous system recurrence of acute promyelocytic leukemia in children
Authors: Chow Jessica , Feusner James
Published: September 2008

The incidence of isolated central nervous system (iCNS) relapse in pediatric acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is debated. We analyzed the literature, focusing on clinical trials reported since the advent of ATRA use. Only 2/218 (0.92%) good risk patients (diagnostic WBC <10,000/µl) had truly iCNS relapse. This incidence does not support the use of intrathecal CNS prophylaxis for all children with APL. We also identified multiple deficiencies in these reports. Additional reporting of these events could provide insight into the true incidence and pathogenesis of iCNS relapse and might allow for identification of risk factors associated with such extramedullary relapse. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:11–13. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.