bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Locomotion in the pseudoscorpionChelifer cancroides: forward, backward and upside-down walking in an eight-legged arthropod
Authors: Tross Johanna , Wolf Harald , Stemme Torben , Pfeffer Sarah Elisabeth
Published: April 2022

While insect locomotion has been intensively studied, there are comparably few studies investigating octopedal walking behaviour, and very little is known about pseudoscorpions in particular. Therefore, we performed an extensive locomotion analysis during forward, backward and upside-down walking in the cosmopolitan pseudoscorpion Chelifer cancroides. During forward locomotion, we observed C. cancroides to freeze locomotion frequently for short time periods. These microstops were barely visible to the naked eye with a duration of 100–200 ms. Our locomotion analysis revealed that C. cancroides performs a statically stable and highly coordinated alternating tetrapod gait during forward and backward walking, with almost complete inversion of the tetrapod schemes, but no rigidly fixed leg coordination during upside-down walks with low walking speeds up to 4 body lengths per second. Highest speeds (up to 17 body lengths per second), mainly achieved by consistent leg coordination and strong phase shifts, were observed during backward locomotion (escape behaviour), whereas forward walking was characterised by lower speeds and phase shifts of ∼10% between two loosely coupled leg groups within one tetrapod. That is, during the movement of one tetrapod group, the last and the third leg are almost synchronous in their swing phases, as are the second and the first leg. A special role of the second leg pair was demonstrated, probably mainly for stability reasons and related to the large pedipalps.
Differences in backward and forward treadmill locomotion in decerebrated cats
Authors: Merkulyeva Natalia , Lyakhovetskii Vsevolod , Gorskii Oleg , Musienko Pavel
Published: April 2022

Locomotion in different directions is vital for animal life and requires fine-adjusted neural activity of spinal networks. To compare the levels of recruitability of the locomotor circuitry responsible for forward and backward stepping, several electromyographic and kinematic characteristics of the two locomotor modes were analysed in decerebrated cats. Electrical epidural spinal cord stimulation was used to evoke forward and backward locomotion on a treadmill belt. The functional state of the bilateral spinal networks was tuned by symmetrical and asymmetrical epidural stimulation. A significant deficit in the backward but not forward stepping was observed when laterally shifted epidural stimulation was used but was not observed with central stimulation: only half of the cats were able to perform bilateral stepping, but all the cats performed forward stepping. This difference was in accordance with the features of stepping during central epidural stimulation. Both the recruitability and stability of the EMG signals as well as inter-limb coordination during backward stepping were significantly decreased compared with those during forward stepping. The possible underlying neural mechanisms of the obtained functional differences of backward and forward locomotion (spinal network organisation, commissural communication and supraspinal influence) are discussed.
Predictors of Expiratory Flow Limitation during Exercise in Healthy Males and Females
Authors: MOLGAT-SEON YANNICK , DOMINELLI PAOLO B. , PETERS CARLI M. , KIPP SHALAYA , WELCH JOSEPH F. , PARMAR HANNA R. , RABBANI TIAN , MANN LEAH M. , GRIFT GRACIE O. , GUENETTE JORDAN A. , SHEEL A. WILLIAM
Published: April 2022

Rationale

It is unclear whether the frequency and mechanisms of expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during exercise differ between males and females.

Purpose

This study aimed to determine which factors predispose individuals to EFL during exercise and whether these factors differ based on sex. We hypothesized that i) EFL frequency would be similar in males and females and ii) in females, EFL would be associated with indices of low ventilatory capacity, whereas in males, EFL would be associated with indices of high ventilatory demand.

Methods

Data from n = 126 healthy adults (20–45 y, n = 60 males, n = 66 females) with a wide range of cardiorespiratory fitness (81%–182% predicted maximal oxygen uptake) were included in the study. Participants performed spirometry and an incremental cycle exercise test to exhaustion. Standard cardiorespiratory variables were assessed throughout exercise. The tidal flow–volume overlap method was used to assess EFL based on a minimum threshold of 5% overlap between the tidal and the maximum expiratory flow–volume curves. Predictors of EFL during exercise were determined via multiple logistical regression using anthropometric, pulmonary function, and peak exercise data.

Results

During exercise, EFL occurred in 49% of participants and was similar between the sexes (females = 45%, males = 53%; P = 0.48). In males, low forced expired flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity and high slope ratio as well as low end-expiratory lung volume, high breathing frequency, and high relative tidal volume at peak exercise were associated with EFL (P < 0.001; Nagelkerke R
2 = 0.73). In females, high slope ratio, high breathing frequency, and tidal volume at peak exercise were associated with EFL (P < 0.001; Nagelkerke R
2 = 0.61).

Conclusions

Despite sex differences in respiratory system morphology, the frequency and the predictors of EFL during exercise do not substantially differ between the sexes.
Determining staffing needs for improving primary health care service delivery in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Oaiya Agbonkhese I. , Tinuoye Oluwabambi , Olatawura Layi , Balarabe Hadiza , Abubakar Hamza
Published: April 2022

Background: The equitable distribution of a skilled health workforce is critical to health service delivery, and Kaduna state has taken significant steps to revamp the primary health care system to ensure access to health care for its populace. However, some of these investments are yet to yield the desired outcomes due to workforce shortages and inequitable distribution of those available.

Methods: A Workload Indicator for Staffing Need study was conducted at the primary health care level in Kaduna state. The study focused on estimating staffing requirements; Nurse/Midwife and Community Health Worker practitioners; Community Health Officer, Community Health Extension Worker and Junior Community Health Extension Worker, in all government prioritized primary health care facilities. Ten focal primary health care facilities in Kaduna North Local Government Area were included in the study.

Results: Findings revealed a shortage of Nurses/Midwives and Community Health Workers across the study facilities. For the Nurse/Midwife staffing category, 9/10 PHCs have a Workload Indicator for Staffing Need ratio < 1; indicating that the number of staff in the Nurse/Midwife category is insufficient to cope with the workload. In two of the ten primary health care facilities, there is an excess in the number of CHWs available; a Workload Indicator for Staffing Need ratio > 1 was calculated.

Conclusions: The Workload Indicator for Staffing Need study highlights the staffing needs in government prioritized primary health care facilities in Kaduna state. This evidence establishes the basis for the application of an evidence-based approach to determining staffing needs across the primary health care sector in the State, to guide workforce planning strategies and future investments in the health sector. The World Health Organisation Workload Indicator for Staffing Need tool is useful in estimating staffing needs required to cope with workload pressures, particularly in a resources-constrained environment like Kaduna State.
Heart rate variability biofeedback intero-nociceptive emotion exposure therapy for adverse childhood experiences
Authors: Hahusseau Stéphanie , Baracat Bruno , Lebey Thierry , Laudebat Lionel , Valdez Zarel , Delorme Arnaud
Published: April 2022

Background: Psychiatric patients with adverse childhood experiences (ACE) tend to have dysfunctions in the interoceptive part of their emotional experience. The integration of interoceptive emotional activity in the insular and cingulate cortices is linked to the regulation of sympathovagal balance. This makes heart rate variability (HRV) an ideal measure for providing feedback on emotion regulation in real-time.

Methods: A sample of one hundred (n=100) outpatients was evaluated. Participants underwent eight 30-minutes ACE exposure sessions during which patients were guided to experience bodily sensations related to ACE while their HRV was monitored using a commercial biofeedback device.

Results: Comparing the results of the first to last therapeutic session, a significant decrease in heart rate and an increase in HRV at the onset of the session were observed.

Conclusions: This study suggests a physiological impact of therapeutic interventions on autonomic balance and underlines the interest in HRV biofeedback as clinical practice.
„Wypełnić własnym tekstem…” Wyznania św. Augustyna jako źródło inspiracji twórczej Danuty Michałowskiej (rozważania wokół monodramu „Ja, bez imienia”)
Authors: Hoffmann-Piotrowska Ewa
Published: April 2022

Celem artykułu jest wykazanie zależności między podmiotowo zaangażowaną lekturą tekstu a jego (literackim i scenicznym) wykonaniem. Autorka podejmuje refleksję na temat tego, jak zakorzeniony w tradycji kulturowej tekst Wyznań Augustyna Aureliusza zainspirował Danutę Michałowską do napisania monodramu Ja, bez imienia (wyd. 1996). Autoutożsamiająca, podmiotowa lektura dzieła – zwłaszcza fragmentu dotyczącego okrytych tajemnicą relacji z Bezimienną przyjaciółką filozofa, skłoniła wybitną aktorkę, profesor krakowskiej szkoły teatralnej, do późnego debiutu literackiego a także wykonania napisanej przez siebie sztuki. Przedmiotem rozważań jest przede wszystkim obszerny autokomentarz Michałowskiej, który pozwala zobaczyć, jak zrodził się ów palimpsestowy utwór. Wnioski artykułu dotyczą tego, jak zaangażowana lektura fragmentu Wyznań wyzwoliła potrzebę ekspresji twórczej w słowie, zmuszając Michałowską do rewizji dotychczasowej metody praktykowania sztuki związanej z Teatrem Rapsodycznym Mieczysława Kotlarczyka.
Jacek Kaczmarski przed sybirskimi obrazami Jacka Malczewskiego
Authors: Gajak-Toczek Małgorzata
Published: April 2022

Celem artykułu Jacek Kaczmarski przed sybirskimi obrazami Jacka Malczewskiego jest ukazanie intertekstualnego dialogu toczonego pomiędzy współczesnym bardem a młodopolskim malarzem. Do prezentacji wybrano cztery słowno-muzyczno-wokalne opowieści: Zesłanie studentów, Wigilia na Syberii, Zatruta studnia, Powrót z Syberii z cyklu Muzeum (1981), których porównanie i interpretacja służy uwypukleniu dwugłosowości tekstów Kaczmarskiego: podkreślone zostają elementy właściwe dla ekfrazy (rekonstrukcja scenariusza malarskiego pierwowzoru: świata przedstawionego, układu kompozycyjnego, kolorystyki), jak też odczytane sensy naddane, które pozwalają poecie na ogląd wydarzeń teraźniejszych poprzez pryzmat przeszłości. Pieśniarz mówi o samotności, cierpieniu, uwikłaniu w machinę Wielkiej Historii, bezbronności wobec dyktowanych przez nią wyroków. Na podstawie tych rozważań można wnioskować, że Kaczmarski narratywizując obrazy, twórczo dekontekstualizuje sensy z nich wyczytane, udziela głosu zapomnianym, tym, których Historia go pozbawiła, a mitologizując historię, czyni z dawnych zdarzeń zbiór przypowieści o człowieku i zbiorowości.
Transformación digital y audiencia. Tendencias y uso de la inteligencia artificial en medios verificadores.
Authors: Sánchez Gonzales Hada
Published: April 2022

En un contexto donde la inteligencia artificial (IA) ha impulsado la transformación digital propiciando disrupciones en las empresas periodísticas, la tecnología no solo juega un papel fundamental dentro de las estrategias de negocio de los medios de comunicación, sino la audiencia. La transformación digital no puede llevarse a cabo sin tener en cuenta al usuario como actor clave del proceso de innovación. Son precisamente ellos los que aportan datos que ayudan a producir cambios significativos en la producción y distribución de la información. Así pues, los medios deben centrar sus objetivos en satisfacer sus necesidades velando por contenidos específicos, personalizados y por la calidad de la información. En este escenario es preciso saber qué tendencias podrían generar el engagement de la audiencia, así como el uso de la IA por organismos de verificación para contrastar la información, a favor de la calidad de la información. Se avanza en conexionar fórmulas comunicativas pensadas en la audiencia, sobre todo, en perfiles más jóvenes. Igualmente, en una primera radiografía sobre el empleo de la IA por medios verificadores que podría resultar útil para futuras investigaciones.
El perfil de los periodistas en el noreste de México, entornos y desafíos ante la contingencia sanitaria del COVID-19.
Authors: Campos Guido Laura Lizeth , Ferreira Lara Jessica Loana
Published: April 2022

El periodismo es una pieza fundamental en la sociedad para informarnos y para contrarrestar la sobre abundancia de información falsa que se propaga rápidamente en las redes, especialmente ante la contingencia sanitaria del COVID-19. El artículo explora, en el contexto de la pandemia, los entornos y desafíos de la actividad periodística en el noreste de México, uno de los países más peligrosos para ejercer el periodismo. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con un enfoque mixto; en lo cuantitativo se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra representativa intencional de periodistas de los estados de Nuevo León, Coahuila y Tamaulipas y; en lo cualitativo, se realizó un grupo focal con 7 periodistas de la misma región cuyos datos se utilizaron como información sobre validez de criterio concurrente. Los resultados muestran que los periodistas definen a su profesión como una de gran riesgo, especialmente por las agresiones a periodistas que prevalecen en esta región y acrecentada durante la pandemia. La crisis económica en las empresas de medios y la precariedad laboral recrudecieron los problemas a los que se enfrentan. Además, señalan que la praxis de las empresas, la impunidad y los constantes ataques del gobierno hacia el trabajo de los periodistas han construido un imaginario colectivo de descrédito hacia éstos.
Actitud del prosumidor ante la publicidad bumper de YouTube: Un análisis de seguimiento ocular.
Authors: Arce Ponce Betsy Vianney , Rodríguez Garay Gloria Olivia
Published: April 2022

Desde que la Internet en forma global se hace pública, se comienza a tejer una interminable trama de interconexiones que desvanece las fronteras geográficas permitiendo un acceso ubicuo y una intercomunicación multidireccional. Los beneficios que trae consigo favorecen el acceso a la información, la comunicación y el entretenimiento. Aunado al avance tecnológico se desarrollan distintas plataformas y dispositivos móviles que crean interacciones y ecosistemas regidos por la inmediatez. Surgen las redes sociales que permiten no solo conectar a las personas y sus familias, grupos sociales con intereses o valores en común, sino también el desarrollo personal y la realización de distintas actividades diarias en temas de ocio, educación o trabajo. En este contexto las empresas también se ven respaldadas ya que proyectan y promocionan su marca, logrando dar visibilidad tanto a grandes como a pequeños negocios y que los usuarios se sientan identificados con ella. YouTube, al ser considerada la plataforma más importante de distribución de videos en el mundo, ofrece la posibilidad de anunciarse a través de los bumpers publicitarios: videos condensados de contenido debido a su duración de 6 segundos e imposibles de omitir. Ante tal entorno, el presente estudio registra el seguimiento ocular que realizan jóvenes universitarios residentes de Ciudad Juárez (México) en una serie de anuncios bumper, con el objetivo de visibilizar las áreas de interés y, así mismo, relacionar e identificar la actitud del usuario hacia la marca publicitada y la decisión de compra.
Shock: aetiology, pathophysiology and management
Authors: Blumlein Daniela , Griffiths Ian
Published: April 2022

The term ‘shock’ is used to describe a complex, life-threatening clinical condition that arises from acute circulatory failure. Shock is a pathological state that results when the circulation is unable to deliver sufficient oxygen and nutrients to the cells and tissues. The resulting hypoxia, tissue hypoperfusion and cellular dysfunction can lead to multi-organ failure; if this is not treated in a timely and appropriate manner, it can lead to death. This article gives an introduction to shock with an overview of the condition and its physiological impact on patients. Focusing on the aetiology and underlying causes, discussion will highlight the different types, stages and general pathophysiology of shock, as well as providing a guide to treatment options and nursing interventions.
Changes in nurses' knowledge and clinical practice in managing local IV complications following an education intervention
Authors: Bayoumi Magda Mohamed Mohamed , Khonji Leena Mohammad Abdulla , Gabr Wessam Fathy Mohamed
Published: April 2022

Background:

Peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) are the most common invasive route for the rapid administration of medication and fluids. The care of PVC sites after cannulation can pose challenges depending on nurses' level of knowledge and practice.

Aim:

To transfer nurses' knowledge into practice on preventing common local complications of intravenous (IV) therapy.

Design:

A quasi-experimental study was undertaken.

Methods:

A convenience sample of nurses from surgical and medical wards of a university hospital (n=64) was used. Pre- and post-education intervention levels of nurses' knowledge, practice and maintenance of PVCs, and the use of a visual infusion phlebitis scale to identify potential complications were assessed.

Results:

The effectiveness of the course was statistically significant for all three parameters (P<0.001).

Conclusion:

The study highlighted the importance of ongoing education based on the latest available evidence to enable nurses to improve their knowledge and clinical practice with regard to PVC care and associated complications.
Treatment of a neonatal peripheral intravenous infiltration/extravasation (PIVIE) injury with hyaluronidase: a case report
Authors: van Rens Matheus , Hugill Kevin , Francia Airene LV , Abdelwahab Abdellatif Hamdy , Garcia Krisha LP
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Intravenous therapy-related injury, its prevention, and treatment are ubiquitous topics of interest among neonatal clinicians and practitioners. This is due to the economic costs, reputational censure, and patents' wellbeing concerns coupled with the possibility of potentially avoidable serious and life-long harm occurring in this vulnerable patient population.

Case description:

A term infant receiving a hypertonic dextrose infusion for the management of hypoglycemia developed a fulminating extravasation shortly after commencement of the infusion. This complication developed without notification of infusion pump pressure changes pertaining to a change in blood vessel compliance or early warning of infiltration by the optical sensor site monitoring technology (ivWatch®) in use. The injury was extensive and treated with a hyaluronidase/saline mix subcutaneously injected into the extravasation site using established techniques. Over a period of 2 weeks, the initially deep wound healed successfully without further incident, and the infant was discharged home without evident cosmetic scarring or functional effects.

Conclusion:

This article reports on a case of a term baby who postroutine insertion of a peripherally intravenous catheter showed an extreme reaction to extravasation of the administered intravenous fluids. We discuss the condition, our successful management with hyaluronidase, and the need to remain observationally vigilant of intravenous infusions despite the advances in infusion monitoring technology.

HIGHLIGHTS

In a neonatal population peripheral infusion therapy-related complication rates have been reported to be as high as 75% Peripheral IV infiltration and extravasation (PIVIE) is implicated in up to 65% of IV-related complications PIVIE injury has the potential to cause serious harm Prompt recognition and timely appropriate intervention can mitigate many of these risks Adhering to the 5Rs for vascular access optimizes infusion therapy and potentially reduces complications
I-DECIDED®—a decision tool for assessment and management of invasive devices in the hospital setting
Authors: Ray-Barruel Gillian
Published: April 2022

Indwelling medical devices, including vascular access and urinary catheters, pose a risk for infection, and therefore daily assessment and consideration of their continued need is a patient safety priority. The I-DECIDED® device assessment and decision tool is an evidence-based checklist, designed to improve the assessment, care and timely removal of invasive devices in acute hospitalized patients. This paper explains each step of the tool, with rationale for inclusion.
Ten years of clinical experience with cyanoacrylate glue for venous access in a 1300-bed university hospital
Authors: Pittiruti Mauro , Annetta Maria Giuseppina , Marche Bruno , D'Andrea Vito , Scoppettuolo Giancarlo
Published: April 2022

In the past decade, cyanoacrylate glue has been progressively introduced into the clinical practice of venous access devices used for different purposes. Glue has been used to increase device stabilisation (to reduce the risk of catheter dislodgement), to seal the exit site (to both reduce local bleeding and decrease the risk of bacterial contamination) and to close skin incisions required for the insertion of tunnelled catheters or totally implanted venous ports. For many of these purposes, the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of cyanoacrylate glue has been demonstrated, while some indications are still controversial. This article reports on 10 years of clinical experience with cyanoacrylate glue in a large university hospital, and provides a narrative review of the scientific evidence on the benefits of glue in venous access that has been accumulating over the past decade.
Keys to Achieving 20 Percent Wind by 2030
Authors: Swisher Randall
Published: April 2022

As the leading source of carbon-free electricity generation that is rapidly deployable today, wind power can play a vital role in the critical early years of an effort to combat global warming and deliver stable electricity prices, promote our nation’s energy security, dramatically reduce water use, and foster jobs and economic growth. A groundbreaking technical report released by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in May examined the feasibility of wind providing 20% of U.S. electricity supply by 2030. The report was a collaborative effort with many contributors including DOE, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) and consulting firm Black & Veatch. It assessed the challenges, evaluated the costs and quantified the benefits and found that 20% wind by 2030 is an “ambitious but achievable goal.”
Por uma narrativa do reencantamento: A poética do não esquecimento de Ailton Krenak e Daniel Munduruku
Authors: Pacheco de Andrade Celeste Maria , Pacheco de Andrade Ana Cláudia
Published: April 2022

Compreender o texto narrativo como parte de um conjunto de expressão artística que integra o repertório cultural humano permite reconhecer a sua potência de ressignificação, o que implica no registro de diversos olhares sobre o mundo em que nos situamos. Levando em consideração o desdobramento dessas visões, é pertinente o entendimento da narrativa como possibilidade de marcar a presença de uma humanidade no planeta, visto que ela se inscreve na necessidade universal do homem em organizar sua experiência de vida e dar sentido à própria história, através da oralidade, da escrita ou das imagens. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo discute a narrativa de autoria indígena como oportunidade de se reconsiderar a experiência de estar vivo, imbrincada em uma identidade terrena, incluindo aí uma poeticidade. Com base na perspectiva da Nova História Indígena, que se ocupa de conhecimentos e percepções de sujeitos e povos indígenas em suas historicidades, isto é, refere-se a formas indígenas de pensar, agir e ser com base em suas vivências culturais específicas e sua presença em nossa sociedade, o texto ocupa-se de dois pensadores indígenas da atualidade: Ailton Krenak em Ideias para adiar o fim do mundo (2019) e Daniel Munduruku em Mundurukando (2010). Acreditamos, ao escolher os referidos autores, que ambos oferecem um acesso a determinadas redes de conhecimentos dos povos originários, de forma a evidenciar a construção de uma outra lógica, especialmente pertinente para pensar a narrativa como possibilidade de reencantamento do mundo e com o mundo.
Levantamento florístico de dois fragmentos de Mata Atlântica dos municípios de Amargosa e Elísio Medrado, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Costa Maria Auxiliadora de Andrade , Guedes Maria Lenise Silva
Published: April 2022

The Atlantic Forest, composed by diverse forest physiognomies, is placed in an area of about 600,000 km², equivalent to almost 7% of the Brazilian surface. These areas are currently very fragmented due to stockbreeding and agriculture intensification and because of real state expansion, etc. The goal of this study was to build a floristic survey concerning phanerogamic flora in two fragments of the Submontane Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, located in the Elísio Medrado (12°56’45"S, 39°31’19"W) and Amargosa (13°1’48"S, 39°36’18"W) Counties, in Bahia, Brazil. The field work was carried out from May 2005 to April 2006, with quarterly visits to collect the botanic material, which is deposited in the Alexandre Leal Costa Herbarium Collection (ALCB). One hundred sixty nine species were found in the inventories, distributed in 121 genera and 48 families. In fragment 1, the families showing greater species richness were Fabaceae (13 spp.), Sapindaceae (9), Euphorbiaceae (6), Rubiaceae (6) and Solanaceae (6); in fragment 2, the families Fabaceae (17 spp.), Myrtaceae (9), Asteraceae (5), Malvaceae (5) and Sapindaceae (5). Machaerium condensatum Kuhlm. & Hoehne, collected in this survey, is a species with few samplings in the state of Bahia. The Sørensen index (Sø= 0.21) revealed that the studied fragments showed low floristic similarity, which might be associated to edaphic conditions and to anthropic pressure in the region.
Novos registros e ampliação da distribuição geográfica de aranhas (Arachnida: Araneae) no Estado da Bahia
Authors: Boccardo Lilian , Romão Júlia Andrade , Brescovit Antonio Domingos , Jucá-Chagas Ricardo
Published: April 2022

This paper reported four new species of spiders in the city of Lafaiete Coutinho, Bahia, Brazil, from a sample of 87 species collected with pitfall traps in fragments of caatinga and mata de cipó. In the samples, Alpaida xavantina Levi, 1988 and Mesabolivar togatus (Keyserling, 1891) have been detected, which are new records for Bahia, increasing to 306 the number of species in this state. Attacobius carranca Brescovit & Bonaldo, 2005 and Otiothops atlanticus Platnick Grismado & Ramírez, 1999 have been registered for the municipal areas, which occurrence extends the geographical distribution of these species in the state of Bahia, since they were recorded only to Barreiras, Ilhéus, Itabuna, and Una.
Aspectos gerais do Moniliophthora perniciosa (Stahel) Aime & Phillps-Mora, o agente etiológico da vassoura-de-bruxa
Authors: Macedo Vivian Umbelino Miranda , Santos Júnior Manoelito Coelho dos , Taranto Alex , Souza Catiane do Sacramento , Galante Rafaela Santos , Andrade Bruno S. , Assis Sandra Aparecida de , Góes-Neto Aristóteles
Published: April 2022

Este artigo registra aspectos gerais do fungo Moniliophthora perniciosa no Estado da Bahia, como a ocorrência da praga, ciclo biológico, métodos de controle e uma descrição detalhada de três alvos moleculares da parede celular. O objetivo é fornecer informações que possam dar apoio aos pesquisadores que pretendem iniciar projetos que têm M. perniciosa como tema central.
Sincraniometria do cachalote-pigmeu, Kogia breviceps (Odontoceti, Kogiidae), no litoral da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Souto Luciano Raimundo Alardo
Published: April 2022

The present work analyzes the sincranio of an adult male of pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps, stranded in the state of Bahia. The cranial measures were taken with aid of a caliper accurately of 0,05mm. The condylobasal length (CCB) found was of 426mm. The relationship between the length of the rostrum and CCB was below the expected (58%) and it can be a consequence of geographical differences. The symphysis mandibular came no fused, measuring 123,8mm. The branches mandibles with the broken extremities presented, respectively, 11 and 9 alveolus in the left and right sides. This is the first record syncranial of K. breviceps for the state of Bahia, contributing like this, with information about the species in Atlantic Ocean Western South.
A Quantitative Cross-Regional Analysis of the Spanish VET Systems From a Systemic Approach: From a Regional Comparative VET Research Perspective
Authors: Moso-Diez Monica , Mondaca-Soto Antonio , Gamboa Juan P. , Albizu-Echevarría Mikel
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to analyse comparatively, at regional level, the current state of a wide range of indicators of Vocational Education and Training (VET) at regional level in Spain. This will make it possible to characterise and better understand the existence of a variety of regional VET systems, including the Initial VET and Continuous VET subsystems within Spain, doing so under a multidimensional approach examining VET supply and demand.

Methods: Systemic analysis of Spanish VET indicators leads to a selection of 54 indicators, which are then compared at regional level using k-means clustering. This approach identifies similarities and differences (clusters) across all of Spain's 17 autonomous communities (Spanish regions). The correlation between the variables is then analysed to examine the interaction between the VET system's supply and demand dimensions.

Findings: The results show that 19 indicators explain the main differences between autonomous communities, which form two distinct clusters. Both VET supply and VET environment and demand influence cluster formation and inter-cluster differences. In the set of indicators that differentiate the two clusters of autonomous communities, close interaction is detected between certain indicators of VET supply and demand, especially those referring to the STEM occupational group, which confirms the correlation between these dimensions, albeit to a limited extent.

 Conclusions: While it is necessary to analyse the differences between clusters in greater depth, the results suggest that Spain’s regions are split into two distinct groups (clusters) in which the respective VET systems are developing and advancing differently. Moreover, there is evidence of a small number of significant interrelations between indicators of VET supply and demand, which point to both the VET system's specialisation and its inclusive nature.
Wideband polarization-independent plasmonic switch based on GST phase-change material
Authors: Heidari Saman , Nozhat Najmeh
Published: April 2022

Chalcogenide phase-change materials such as germanium-antimony-tellurium (GST) are suitable materials for use in tunable plasmonic devices. In this paper, a wideband plasmonic switch consists of gold cross-shaped resonators has been designed and simulated in the near-infrared region. The phase-change material GST makes the structure tunable, and by changing the temperature and switching between amorphous and crystalline states, the best extinction ratio of 14 dB and response time of 46 fs have been obtained at the wavelength of 1228 nm. The equivalent circuit model of the suggested structure has been extracted to verify the numerical results. Moreover, the effects of polarization and incident angles and geometric parameters on the structure performance have been evaluated. The proposed tunable and wideband switch with good switching capability can be used in various optical devices such as modulators, logic gates, and optical integrated circuits.
Micron-scale hysteresis measurement using dynamic optical coherence elastography
Authors: Li Wenjie , Feng Jinping , Wang Yicheng , Shi Qun , Ma Guoqin , Aglyamov Salavat , Larin Kirill V. , Lan Gongpu , Twa Michael
Published: April 2022

We present a novel optical coherence elastography (OCE) method to characterize mechanical hysteresis of soft tissues based on transient (milliseconds), low-pressure (<20 Pa) non-contact microliter air-pulse stimulation and micrometer-scale sample displacements. The energy dissipation rate (sample hysteresis) was quantified for soft-tissue phantoms (0.8% to 2.0% agar) and beef shank samples under different loading forces and displacement amplitudes. Sample hysteresis was defined as the loss ratio (hysteresis loop area divided by the total loading energy). The loss ratio was primarily driven by the sample unloading response which decreased as loading energy increased. Samples were distinguishable based on their loss ratio responses as a function loading energy or displacement amplitude. Finite element analysis and mechanical testing methods were used to validate these observations. We further performed the OCE measurements on a beef shank tissue sample to distinguish the muscle and connective tissue components based on the displacement and hysteresis features. This novel, noninvasive OCE approach has the potential to differentiate soft tissues by quantifying their viscoelasticity using micron-scale transient tissue displacement dynamics. Focal tissue hysteresis measurements could provide additional clinically useful metrics for guiding disease diagnosis and tissue treatment responses.
Modeling the propagation of a high-average-power train of ultrashort laser pulses
Authors: Isaacs J. , Hafizi B. , Johnson L. A. , Rosenthal E. W. , Mrini L. , Peñano J.
Published: April 2022

We investigate the interpulse thermal interaction of a train of ultrashort laser pulses and develop a model to describe the isobaric heating of air by a train of pulses undergoing filamentation. We calculate the heating of air from a single laser pulse and the resulting refractive index perturbation encountered by subsequent pulses, and use this to simulate the propagation of a high-power pulse train. The simulations show deflection of laser filaments by the thermal refractive index consistent with previous experimental measurements.
Multiplication-free timing phase error detector for Nyquist and non-Nyquist optical signals
Authors: Tang Jianwei , Cui Sheng , Huang Mingyuan , Li Chengbo , Li Tianming , Zhou Keji , Liu Deming
Published: April 2022

A versatile digital coherent receiver capable of handling optical signals with different kinds of pulse shaping schemes (PSSs) is indispensable for future flexible and heterogeneous coherent optical communication networks. Therefore, a low-complexity timing phase error detector (TPED) versatile for all PSSs is of particular interest. In this paper, we propose a TPED suitable for both Nyquist signals with different roll-off factors and non-Nyquist signals. It requires two samples per symbol and involves no multiplications. As far as we know, it has the lowest computation complexity compared with the existing TPEDs used in coherent systems, while incurring no receiver sensitivity penalty. Numerical simulations and experiments are carried out to demonstrate the superior timing performance and PSS versatility of the proposed TPED in both open-loop and closed-loop working conditions. We also implement the novel TPED in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and verify its real-time clock recovery performance using the 10 Gbaud very low roll-off Nyquist and non-Nyquist quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signals.
Gradient descent based algorithm of generating phase-only holograms of 3D images
Authors: Liu Shujian , Takaki Yasuhiro
Published: April 2022

Fraunhofer diffraction based computer generated holograms (CGH) adopts a Fourier transform lens that reconstructs the image on the Fourier plane. Fresnel diffraction based CGH directly reconstruct the image on the near field, however, the reconstructed image is much farther, which brings difficulty of application. In this paper, a Fresnel transform with the utilization of a Fourier transform lens and a gradient descent based algorithm is proposed to generate holograms of 3D images.
Electrically controlled terahertz modulator with deep modulation and slow wave effect via a HEMT integrated metasurface
Authors: Ran Jia , Chen Tao , Hao Honggang , Wen Dandan , Zhang Xiaolei , Ren Yi
Published: April 2022

Slow wave and localized field are conducive to terahertz (THz) modulators with deep and fast modulation. Here we propose an electrically controlled THz modulator with slow wave effect and localized field composed of a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) integrated metasurface. Unlike previously proposed schemes to realize slow wave effect electrically, this proposal controls the resonant modes directly through HEMT switches instead of the surrounding materials, leading to a modulation depth of 96% and a group delay of 10.4ps. The confined electric field where HEMT is embedded, and the slow wave effect, work together to pave a new mechanism for THz modulators with high performance.
Intrusion identification using GMM-HMM for perimeter monitoring based on ultra-weak FBG arrays
Authors: Liu Fang , Zhang Haiwen , Li Xiaorui , Li Zhengying , Wang Honghai
Published: April 2022

Intrusion identification has been an intractable task for perimeter security. One of the primary challenges is to possess high identification rate over a long-distance range monitoring. This paper proposes an intrusion identification scheme based on ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) arrays. The scheme is acquired by the combination of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and a hidden Markov model (HMM). The time dependencies are obtained by the analysis of relevant sensors in UWFBG arrays from the procedure of intrusions. The features extracted from vibration signals with time dependencies are used as the input of GMM-HMM. The GMM-HMM simultaneously analyzes features and time dependencies to identify intrusion. Experimental demonstration verifies that the proposed scheme can identify three intrusions (walking, knocking and climbing) and two non-intrusions (heavy truck passing and wind blowing) with the average identification rate of 98.2%. By the comparison tests with other six classifiers, the proposed GMM-HMM scheme shows a solid performance in the integrated evaluation for intrusion identification.
Simple method for generating special beams using polarization holography
Authors: Zheng Shujun , Ke Shenghui , Liu Hongjie , Xu Xianmiao , Zhang Yuanying , Yang Yi , Huang Zhiyun , Tan Xiaodi
Published: April 2022

Vector vortex beams are a kind of special beam that simultaneously carry spin and orbital angular momentum. The generation of vector vortex beams usually requires a complex and expensive optical system, which becomes a bottleneck hindering its further application. Thus, a compact, low-cost and efficient special beam generation system is demanded. In this paper, a method that can produce vector vortex beams distributed anywhere in the equator of hybrid-order Poincaré Spheres based on polarization holography is proposed. Via changing some parameters of the device, this method can also produce the scalar vortex beams distributed at any position of the basic Poincaré Sphere and the vector beams distributed at the equator of the higher-order Poincaré Spheres. The work shows that polarization holography has the potential ability to regulate the spin and orbital angular momentum simultaneously, opening a new window for future research and applications of angular momentum space orientation.
Ultraviolet-sensing metasurface for programmable electromagnetic scattering field manipulation by combining light control with a microwave field
Authors: Chen Lei , Ye Fu Ju , Cuo Mu , Luo Si Si , Hao Jian Jiao , Ruan Ying , Cui Hao Yang
Published: April 2022

Combining digital information science with metasurface technology is critical for achieving arbitrary electromagnetic wave manipulation. However, there is a scarcity of contemporary scholarly studies on this subject. In this paper, we propose an Ultraviolet (UV) sensing metasurface for programmable electromagnetic scattering field manipulation by combining light control with a microwave field. The active sensing of UV light and the real-time reaction of the scattering are achieved by integrating four UV sensors on the metasurface. On the metasurface, a UV sensor ML8511 and a voltage driver module are coupled to control each row of the Positive-Intrinsic-Negative (PIN) diodes. Due to the light sensing capability of the UV sensor, the on or off state of the PIN diode integrated into the programmable metasurface can be switched efficiently through the change of light. When the incident wave changes, various discrete data are transmitted to the FPGA. Then the FPGA performs the corresponding voltage distribution to control the state of the PIN diode. Finally, different metasurface coding sequences are generated to realize different electromagnetic functions. As a result, the spatial distribution of sensing light by sensors can be used to determine the electromagnetic field and connect sensing optical information with the microwave field. The simulation and measured results show that this design is feasible. This work provides a dimension for electromagnetic waves modulation.
Highly sensitive SERS detection in a non-volatile liquid-phase system with nanocluster-patterned optical fiber SERS probes
Authors: Wang Botian , Liu Ye , Ai Chuanwei , Chu Rang , Chen Manna , Ye Hai , Wang Hongcheng , Zhou Fei
Published: April 2022

The use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy for the detection of substances in non-volatile systems, such as edible oil and biological cells, is an important issue in the fields of food safety and biomedicine. However, traditional dry-state SERS detection with planar SERS substrates is not suitable for highly sensitive and rapid SERS detection in non-volatile liquid-phase systems. In this paper, we take contaminant in edible oil as an example and propose an in situ SERS detection method for non-volatile complex liquid-phase systems with high-performance optical fiber SERS probes. Au-nanorod clusters are successfully prepared on optical fiber facet by a laboratory-developed laser-induced dynamic dip-coating method, and relatively high detection sensitivity (LOD of 2.4 × 10−6 mol/L for Sudan red and 3.6 × 10−7 mol/L for thiram in sunflower oil) and good reproducibility (RSD less than 10%) are achieved with a portable Raman spectrometer and short spectral integration time of 10 s even in complex edible oil systems. Additionally, the recovery rate experiment indicates the reliability and capability of this method for quantitative detection applications. This work provides a new insight for highly sensitive and rapid SERS detection in non-volatile liquid-phase systems with optical fiber SERS probes and may find important practical applications in food safety and biomedicine.
Coalescence of Anderson-localized modes at an exceptional point in 2D random media
Authors: Bachelard N. , Schumer A. , Kumar B. , Garay C. , Arlandis J. , Touzani R. , Sebbah P.
Published: April 2022

In non-Hermitian settings, the particular position at which two eigenstates coalesce in the complex plane under a variation of a physical parameter is called an exceptional point. An open disordered system is a special class of non-Hermitian system, where the degree of scattering directly controls the confinement of the modes. Herein a non-perturbative theory is proposed which describes the evolution of modes when the permittivity distribution of a 2D open dielectric system is modified, thereby facilitating to steer individual eigenstates to such a non-Hermitian degeneracy. The method is used to predict the position of such an exceptional point between two Anderson-localized states in a disordered scattering medium. We observe that the accuracy of the prediction depends on the number of localized states accounted for. Such an exceptional point is experimentally accessible in practically relevant disordered photonic systems.
High-performance, additively-manufactured atomic spectroscopy apparatus for portable quantum technologies
Authors: Madkhaly S. H. , Cooper N. , Coles L. , Hackermüller L.
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a miniaturised and highly robust system for performing Doppler-free spectroscopy on thermal atomic vapour for three frequencies as required for cold atom-based quantum technologies. The application of additive manufacturing techniques, together with efficient use of optical components, produce a compact, stable optical system, with a volume of 0.089 L and a weight of 120 g. The device occupies less than a tenth of the volume of, and is considerably lower cost than, conventional spectroscopic systems, but also offers excellent stability against environmental disturbances. We characterise the response of the system to changes in environmental temperature between 7 and 35

∘

C and exposure to vibrations between 0 - 2000 Hz, finding that the system can reliably perform spectroscopic measurements despite substantial vibrational noise and temperature changes. Our results show that 3D-printed optical systems are an excellent solution for portable quantum technologies.
Optical force spectroscopy for measurement of nonlinear optical coefficient of single nanoparticles through optical manipulation
Authors: Wada Takudo , Ishihara Hajime
Published: April 2022

Compared with manipulation of microparticles with optical tweezers and control of atomic motion with atom cooling, the manipulation of nanoscale objects is challenging because light exerts a significantly weaker force on nanoparticles than on microparticles. The complex interaction of nanoparticles with the environmental solvent media adds to this challenge. In recent years, optical manipulation using electronic resonance effects has garnered interest because it has enabled researchers to enhance the force as well as sort nanoparticles by their quantum mechanical properties. Especially, a precise observation of the motion of nanoparticles irradiated by resonant light enables the precise measurement of the material parameters of single nanoparticles. Conventional spectroscopic methods of measurement are based on indirect processes involving energy dissipation, such as thermal dissipation and light scattering. This study proposes a theoretical method to measure the nonlinear optical constant based on the optical force. The nonlinear susceptibility of single nanoparticles can be directly measured by evaluating the transportation distance of particles through pure momentum exchange. We extrapolate an experimentally verified method of measuring the linear absorption coefficient of single nanoparticles by the optical force to determine the nonlinear absorption coefficient. To this end, we simulate the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the target particles with the kinetic analysis of nanoparticles at the solid–liquid interface incorporating the Brownian motion. The results show that optical manipulation can be used as nonlinear optical spectroscopy utilizing direct exchange of momentum. To the best of our knowledge, this is currently the only way to measure the nonlinear coefficient of individual single nanoparticles.