bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive analysis of the impact of head model extent on electric field predictions in transcranial current stimulation
Authors: Callejón-Leblic M A , Miranda Pedro C
Published: March 2021

Objective. MRI-based head models are used to predict the electric field (E-field) in the brain in transcranial current stimulation. The standard field of view of clinical MRI often only covers the head down to the skull base, which has usually lead to models truncated at the level of the nose. Although recent pipelines can artificially extend the head model to the neck, the need for implementing full head models preserving skull holes such as the foramen magnum remains controversial. The objective of this work is to analyse the impact of head model extent on E-field accuracy, with emphasis on specific electrode montages. Approach. A full head model containing an open foramen magnum and a cut head model with closed skull were compared in terms of predicted E-field. Several electrode montages, including fronto-occipital montages recently used in validation studies, were simulated. Local and global metrics were used to evaluate the error for both E-field magnitude and distribution, along with tangential and normal components over different cortical areas. The percentage of current flowing through the lower head was also computed. Results. Regarding E-field magnitude, small relative differences (RDs) below 7% were found in grey matter for classical montages. Although considerably higher RDs near 50% were found for fronto-occipital montages, absolute errors of 0.1 V m−1 were only found in non-targeted regions such as the cerebellum. Differences in tangential and normal E-fields were similar and followed the same trend observed for E-field magnitude. Our results also showed a high correlation between the percentage of current shunted through the lower head and the absolute E-field differences. Significance. The influence of head model extent on E-field accuracy depends on electrode montage. Standard cut head models provide sufficiently accurate predictions for both E-field magnitude and distribution in targeted brain areas. However, fronto-occipital montages exhibited larger errors, which might be considered in further validation studies.
Design and Analysis of 32-Bit Signed and Unsigned Multiplier Using Booth, Vedic and Wallace Architecture
Authors: Ming Yong Kun , Hussin Razaidi , Kamarudin Afzan , Che Ismail Rizalafande , Nazrin Md Isa Mohd , Zarina Md Naziri Siti
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the implementation and performance comparison of the Booth encoding technique and Wallace Tree reduction scheme on Vedic architecture. The radix-4 Booth encoder is widely used to enhance the multiplication speed as it has the capability to reduce the number of partial products generated by half. Vedic multiplier partitions the inputs into two blocks to speed up the partial product generation and Wallace Tree reduction scheme speed up the partial product addition process by eliminating the carry chain of the addition. Radix-4 Booth encoding scheme Vedic multiplier with and without Wallace Tree partial product reduction scheme for signed and unsigned multiplication was designed and synthesized in Synopsys 130 nm technology. For unsigned multiplier, the Booth-Vedic multiplier is 37.29% faster and 26.13% smaller while the Booth-Vedic-Wallace multiplier is 39.79% faster and 28.81% smaller when compared with Vedic multiplier. The performance of both multipliers was dropped when used in signed multiplication due to signed extension during the partial product addition process. All the multiplier is functionally verified using modified testbench that is based on the concept of UVM testbench.
Mutual Coupling Suppression in Wearable MIMO Antenna for On/Off-Body WBAN Applications
Authors: Adam Ismahayati , Rahim Hasliza A , Najib Mohd Yasin Mohd , Nazrin Mohd Nasrol Muhammad
Published: March 2021

A 2x1 wearable multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with line patch as mutual coupling suppression is presented. The proposed MIMO antenna is based on a simple rectangular structure that works at 2.45 GHz frequency. The patches are designed using ShieldIt textiles and are placed to a very closed (0.1λ) gap. The results show that the suppression in the mutual coupling of 5 dB (from -20 dB to -25dB), reduced by 25% after the line patch is inserted in between patches. On a positive note, an improvement in the antenna gain, from 4.4 dB to 4.7dB is achieved. On top of that, the performance of the reflection coefficient (S11) and the antenna impedance bandwidth is preserved. Important diversity performance parameter for MIMO antenna such as ECC, diversity gain and MEG results are found to be in an acceptable limit
Design and Development of Scene Recognition and Classification Model Based on Human Pre-attentive Visual Attention
Authors: Kudus A R , Teh C S
Published: March 2021

Recent works on scene classification still utilize the advantages of generic feature of Convolutional Neural Network while applying object-ontology technique that generates limited amount of object regions. Human can successfully recognize and classify scene effortlessly within short period of time. By utilizing this idea, we present a novel approach of scene classification model that built based on human pre-attentive visual attention. We firstly utilize saliency model to generate a set of high-quality regions that potentially contain salient objects. Then we apply a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network model on these regions to extract deep features. Extracted features of every region are then concatenated to a final features vector and feed into one-vs-all linear Support Vector Machines. We evaluate our model on MIT Indoor 67 dataset. The result proved that saliency model used in this work is capable to generate high-quality informative salient regions that lead to good classification output. Our model achieves a better average accuracy rate than a standard approach that classifies as one whole image.
Classification of Multiple Visual Field Defects using Deep Learning
Authors: Abu M , Zahri N A H , Amir A , Ismail M I , Kamarudin L M , Nishizaki H
Published: March 2021

In this work, a custom deep learning method is proposed to develop a detection of visual fields defects which are the markers for serious optic pathway disease. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is a deep learning method that is mostly used in images processing. Therefore, a custom 10 layers of CNN algorithm is built to detect the visual field defect. In this work, 1200 visual field defect images acquired from the Humphrey Field Analyzer 24–2 collected from Google Image have been used to classify 6 types of visual field defect. The defect patterns are including defects at central scotoma, right/left/upper/lower quadratopia, right/left hemianopia, vision tunnel, superior/inferior field defect and normal as baseline. The custom designed CNN is trained to discriminate between defect patterns in visual field images. In the proposed method, a mechanism of pre-processing is included to improve the classification of visual field defects. Then, the 6 visual field defect patterns are detected using a convolutional neural network. The dataset is evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation. The results of this work have shown that the proposed algorithm achieved a high classification rate with 96%. As comparison, traditional machine learning Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Classical Neural Network (NN) is chose and obtained classification rate at 74.54% and 90.72%.
Accuracy and Stability for Optimum Performance of Digital Fringe Profilometry Method
Authors: Chua Shanyu , Chin Lim Chee , Kheng Eng Swee , Tai Loh Chiun , Fook Chong Yen
Published: March 2021

Various method was developed for the acquisition of the three-dimensional surface of an object. One of the more popular methods used is the structured light profilometry method. It can capture a high-resolution three-dimensional object in real-time. Not only that, but this method is also non-invasive, which is very suitable for the measurement of fragile samples. This paper discusses the accuracy and stability of a structured light profilometry method that is used to obtain a 3D measurement. The experiment is done by using a calibrated camera and projector. A light pattern is then projected onto the sample and captured by the camera. The accuracy of the system is investigated by capturing a flat plate with an increment of 50 µm from 0 µm to 1000 µm. The result has shown a maximum percentage error of this system is 15.76% which is 9.3511 µm, and the minimum percentage error is 0.15% which is 0.7339 µm. For the stability test, the plate was captured thirty times at the same location, and the data obtained shows the consistency of the system has a minimum and maximum standard deviation of 2.4991 µm and 6.8886 µm, which is within 7 µm. The test on the feeler gauge shows a maximum percentage error of 2.12% which is 2.1671 µm.
Dyes extracted from Hibiscus Sabdariffa flower and Pandannus amaryllifolius leaf as natural dye sensitizer by using an alcohol-based solvent
Authors: Rosli N. , Sabani N. , Shahimin M.M. , Juhari N. , Shaari S. , Ahmad M.F. , Zakaria N.
Published: March 2021

The efficiency improvement of Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC), the fabrication of DSSC by using metal-free organic natural dyes with a different type of solvents for the extraction of dye sensitizer was investigated. The metal-free organic Dye which comes from anthocyanin and chlorophyll dyes were dissolved by using different solvents, which are ethanol, methanol and mixture of ethanol and methanol. Anthocyanin dye was extracted from the petals of Hibiscus Sabdariffa (Roselle), and chlorophyll dye was extracted from the epidermal leaves of Pandannus amaryllifolius (Pandan). The purpose of using different solvents from alcohol-based was to determine which solvents that produce the highest effect in term of efficiency for DSSC. To confirm which solvents that produce the highest efficiency to the DSSC, the photovoltaic measurement was conducted, and the data was collected. From the photovoltaic analysis, the J-V characteristics under illumination are recorded. The sample that used anthocyanin dye extracted from Roselle flower diluted with methanol solvent gave the highest efficiency which is 0.0005% with the following parameters – Voc = 0.419 V, Jsc = 0.0057 mA/cm2 and FF = 0.24. Meanwhile, the sample that used chlorophyll dye extracted from Pandan leaves diluted with a mix of ethanol and methanol solvents gave the highest efficiency which is 0.00014% with the following parameters - Voc = 0.347 V, Jsc = 0.0016 mA/cm2 and FF = 0.25.
Wideband slotted microstrip patch antenna for UHF-RFID reader
Authors: Faudzi N M , Ibrahim A , Mozi A M , Hanaffi W N A
Published: March 2021

This paper is focused on the development of wideband microstrip patch antenna for Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Reader application. This RFID reader can read information from tags and allow the detection of objects. Usually, the RFID Reader has narrow bandwidth and can be used in certain country only. Therefore, this proposed antenna is designed with wideband frequency, low cost and simple structure which can be used worldwide. The operating frequency range for worldwide operation is between 860 MHz to 960 MHz. The structure of the antenna is composed of a Z-shaped feedline on the upper side of FR-4 substrate and a slotted patch on the lower side. The cutting slot method has been used in this antenna design in order to improve the antenna bandwidth as well as the size of the antenna. This RFID Reader was designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio. The overall size of the proposed UHF RFID antenna is 100 × 100 × 1.6 mm3. The proposed RFID Reader antenna has the reflection coefficient (S11) below than -10 dB and has wideband frequency from 845 MHz to 1.09 GHz in simulation result. The measured and simulated result was compared in order to analyse the performance of the designed antenna. Other antenna parameters such as radiation pattern, bandwidth and gain has also been evaluated and analysed.
T-way Test Suite Generation Strategy based on Ant Colony Algorithm to Support T-way Variable Strength
Authors: Ramli N , Othman R R , Hendradi R , Iszaidy I
Published: March 2021

T-way test suite generation strategy based on Ant Colony algorithm (TTSGA) has been developed to support t-way variable strength testing which tackles exhaustive testing issues. It employs the ant colony optimization algorithm to generate near-optimal number of test suite size. Even though the test suite size is smaller than exhaustive testing, the strategy covers every possible combination of interacting parameters. The strategy has been evaluated by using benchmarked experiments. Results obtained were compared with other existing strategies that support variable strength. It was found that TTSGA produces comparable results with other existing strategies especially for higher strength configurations. Two non-parametric tests, which are Wilcoxon Rank and Friedman test, have been conducted to analyze the results statistically between TTSGA and HSS as only both strategies have complete experiments results. Although the results shows that there is no significant difference of test suite size among them, TTSGA is in the first rank in the Friedman test.
Narrowband to Narrowband Frequency Tunable Slotted Dipole Antenna
Authors: Rodi R. I. M. , Osman M. N. , Rahim M. K. A. , Jusoh M. , Sabapathy T. , Abdullah Al-Hadi A. , Soh P. J.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the slotted dipole antenna structure is proposed to have four narrowband frequencies with ability to be reconfigured. Narrowband reconfiguration can be achieved by controlling the length of slotted dipole by using switches. The narrowband frequency is to be at 1.8 GHz (GSM), 2.4 GHz (WLAN), 2.6 GHz (4G), and 3.5 GHz (5G) respectively. The longest dipole length produced 1.8 GHz, the second-longest dipole length produced 2.4 GHz, the third-longest dipole length produced 2.6 GHz, while the smallest dipole length produced 3.5 GHz. To maintain the stability of the RF current in the system, sixteen capacitors were used. As well eight inductors were used to isolate the RF current and power supply. The PIN diode was used as a switch to allow the induced current to stop and pass into the slot which means that it can be used to select the desired frequency. Depending on switching configuration, the operating frequency is tuned. Good matching is achieved for all configurations. The simulated result of gain for the four operating is higher than 2 dB while the omnidirectional radiation pattern has been obtained thus makes the proposed antenna suitable for wireless application.
Inhalation and Exhalation Detection for Sleep and Awake Activities Using Non-Contact Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Radar Signal
Authors: Fatihah Shamsul Ariffin Fatin , Munirah Kamarudin Latifah , Ghazali Najah , Nishizaki Hiromitsu , Zakaria Ammar , Muhammad Mamduh bin Syed Zakaria Syed
Published: March 2021

Respiratory is one of the vital signs used to monitor the progression of the illness that are important for clinical and health care fields. From home rehabilitation to intensive care monitoring, the rate of respiration must be constantly monitored as it offers a proactive approach for early detection of patient deterioration that can be used to trigger therapeutic procedures alarms. The use of invasive procedures based on contact transducers is typically necessary to measure the quantity. Nevertheless, these procedures might be troublesome due to the inconvenience and sensitivity of physical contact. Therefore, non-contact human breathing monitoring as a non-invasive procedure is important in long term intensive-care and home healthcare applications. In this paper, respiratory signals from two type of resting activities had been acquired and proposed a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model that can classify the respiratory signal into inhalation and exhalation signal. Several pre-processing techniques has been done onto the signal before it is implemented into the proposed model. The average recognition rate of the respiratory signal using the proposed method was 84.1% when the subject was sleeping and 83.8% when awake.
Ensemble method based architecture using random forest importance to predict employee’s turn over
Authors: Anwar Hossen Md. , Hossain Emran , Zahereel Ishwar Abdul Khalib , Siddika Fatema
Published: March 2021

The departure of a skilled employee can create a problem for a company and this incident is increasing globally. Employee turnover has become an important issue these days due to the heavy workload, low pay, low job satisfaction, poor working environment. Companies face problems as their budget will increase, losing skilled manpower and employees’ trust. It’s taking time to adjust for a new employee and bring risk and increase the cost for the company. It is necessary to bring appropriate solutions to the problem. The main purpose of this paper is to predict the turnover of employees with the help of state of the art machine learning classifier. We have determined employee turnover selection factors using some prediction models. We first pre-processed the dataset by removing correlative attributes. Then, we have scaled the attributes. Secondly, a Sequential selection algorithm (SBS) has been using to reduce features from a high number to a relatively small signal-canton. Then use Chi-square and Random Forest important algorithms to determine the most significant shared key features. Then we get average_montly_hours, satisfaction_level, time_spend_company are responsible for the employee’s departure. Then, we have applied different state of the art machine learning algorithm to measure the accuracy. We have achieved the highest accuracy of 99.4% using the reduced feature with 10-Fold Cross-validation by applied the Random Forest classifier and which is higher than the mentioned reference work.
Compact 2-Way Power Divider for IoT Application
Authors: Masrakin Khuzairi , Ikram Zulkepli Muhammad , Zuraidah Ibrahim Siti , Rahim Hasliza A. , Dewani Aliya A. , Karim M. N. A.
Published: March 2021

The utilization of power dividers covers a vast range of applications such as the Internet of Things (IoT). For this purpose, the need for having a robust and ergonomic electronic device is crucial. Bulky size could barely integrate onto the human body due to its weight that could be very difficult to implement. Hence, this paper presents the design of a compact power divider for IoT applications. It was designed on a substrate Rogers 4350B, εr=3.48, tan δ= 0.0037 and h=0.17mm. The design was meant to be operated at 2.4GHz frequency with the output of equally 3dB power division on the output port. Wilkinson design was implemented to perform the design of power divider which will be simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio simulation tools. Parameter sweep was done to its width of transmission line at 0.21mm and 0.31mm to optimize the performance of the design. The simulated result was then compared against measured results in which S-parameter was evaluated in terms of input return loss, isolation and power division. Simulated and measured results showed that 0.21mm width of the transmission line performs better as compared to 0.31mm width of the transmission line.
Multi-Target Detection and Tracking (MTDT) Algorithm Based on Probabilistic Model for Smart Cities
Authors: Jamal Jadaa Khalid , Munirah Kamarudin Latifah , Noori Hussein Waleed , Zakaria Ammar , Muhammad Mamduh Syed Zakaria Syed
Published: March 2021

Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) provides promising solutions for monitoring in several domains including industrial monitoring and control, home automation and smart cities, etc. There are numerous restrictions on the current development of target detection and tracking algorithms which makes them unsuitable or effective for indoor use. Such constraints include changes in the direction and changing target speeds, missing a target, and target dynamics. These issues come with difficulty in detection and tracking multiple targets. Moreover, the majority of the target tracking algorithms were presented on the conditions that the target is typically smooth with no unexpected changes that are difficult absolutely. Moreover, sensing coverage considers the crucial issue in a wireless sensor network. This paper implies an algorithm for detection and tracking of moving targets (intruders) for an indoor environment based on the probabilistic model utilizing WSN for safety and security. A mathematical model is presented to determine the optimum number of sensor nodes needed. The findings of the simulation showed that the MTDT algorithm provides a low missing target rate of less than 0.7 % for worst-case and can be utilized for different kinds of environment scenarios.
Detection of Crack on Asphalt Pavement using Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Ahmad Faudzi M. J. A. , Osman M. K. , Muhamed Yusof N. A. , Ahmad K. A. , Ahmad F. , Idris M. , Raof R. A. A. , Nor Hazlyna H.
Published: March 2021

Detection of crack on asphalt pavement is an essential task of monitoring and regulatory inspection. Currently, this task is conducted manually by surveyor or human inspectors for further maintenance works. Manual practice would lead some drawback such as time-consuming, labour intensive, hazardous and also subjective valuation for different individual. To overcome this deficit circumstances an automated technique is implemented. The objective of this study is to develop an intelligent system to detect pavement crack using Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN). This study consists of several procedures which is started with collecting pavement crack images using online and from own developed dataset. The images are pre-processed by resizing the image into desire dimensions. Next, small patches are extracted as inputs to ease of detection and reduce classifier burden. The images further be labelled into two (2) types which is crack and non-crack. In this study, it is utilized Python environment and Keras framework to establish DCNN model. 80% of dataset is used for training set to train, while another 20% is used for testing set to test the model in order to evaluate the performance in terms of accuracy, precision and recall and F1 score. This proposed model is compared on different patch sizes, training algorithms and architectures to get the best classification. Thus, an automated system that able to accurately detect the present of crack in pavement images within speedy computation is successfully developed. To conclude, the system can be used to assist the surveyor or human operator in task of crack detection, so that the process of detection can be done faster and more efficient. This will help in reducing cost of maintenance and enhancing safety of road users.
Segmentation Technique for Nucleus Detection in Blood Images for Chronic Leukaemia
Authors: Daud N. H. M. , Raof R. A. A. , Osman M. K. , Harun N. H.
Published: March 2021

leukaemia is a disease which develops in the bone marrow, causing a large formation of abnormal cells and usually affected adults. The process of inspecting visually on the microscopic images is time consuming and a tiring process. The developed technique is aimed at assisting the haematologists upon identifying the presence of nucleus in blood cell images. Therefore, this technique is hoped to aid the haematologists in early and fast identification of leukaemia. This paper will be focusing on Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML). This research work proposed a combination of methods for the detection of Leukaemia using image processing techniques such as L*A*B colour-based thresholding algorithm, Sobel edge detection algorithm, and watershed distance transform to identify the nucleus blasts of leukaemia cells from blood cells image. The developed technique shows that it is able to produce the image of segmented nucleus blasts.
Utilization of semi-aerobic bamboo lid to decrease organic matter
Authors: Arfiati D , Kumala D K W , Lailiyah S , Dina K F
Published: March 2021

Catfish cultivation will produce wastewater with a high content of organic matter from feces and uneaten feed. If the wastewater is discharged directly into common waters, it will disturb the aquatic ecosystem. So, it is necessary to treat wastewater before it is discharged into common waters. The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in the percentage of experimental media using wiker bamboo lid towards the organic matter in the wastewater of catfish farming. The research was conducted from September to October 2019 at the Laboratorium Hidrobiologi Divisi Sumberdaya Ikan, Universitas Brawijaya. The research method used was an experimental method with a 2-factor factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was the percentage of bamboo wicker lid (25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and 0% (control)). The second factor was the observation time (12, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hour). The results indicated that organic matter could decrease to 82.19% (73.31 mg / L to 13.06 mg / L) in the 75% lid treatment at 48 hours. The results of water quality measurements except carbondioxide are in accordance with water quality standards. The presence of bamboo cover can reduce organic matter in wastewater. However, it needs treatment for carbondioxide.
Length based data of Nemipterus japonicus to spawning potential ratio (SPR) estimation on small scale fisheries (SSF) management in Sunda Strait
Authors: Yonvitner  , Boer M , Kurnia R
Published: March 2021

Spawning potential ratio (SPR) is an important parameter to ensure fish stock reproduction, recruitment, and sustainability. This approach more efficient and effective applied to poor and limited information and data to management. Therefore, we used the SPR approach in small scale fisheries, particularly on Nemipterus japonicus species in Labuan-Sunda Strait area. This research was conducted in the Labuan fish landing port from 2013 until 2019. The length data were collected each year and then analyzed using the basefoot ecologist toolbox application. The result has shown that SPR of N japonicus ranged from 1 to 6%, and it’s relatively low and potentially unsustainable. Fish length spawning at 50 percent (SL50) ranged from 139 mm to 196.29 mm. And then fish length spawning at 95% (SL95) from 160.39 to 243.54 mm). Furthermore, in 2013-2018 monitoring activity SPR relatively low and decrease every year, and first at breeding (50% and 95%) also decrease. It means the gonad maturity and SPR could be used as an indicator of fishing pressure and sustainability.
Length-weight relationship of Lingula sp. in Aceh Southern Shore
Authors: Octavina C , Agustina S , Sarong M A , Sari P H P , Sahidin A , Razi N M , Agustiar M , Sakinah R , Fazillah M R
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the growth pattern of Lingula sp. based on its morphometric analysis. The method used in this research is purposive sampling method. he results showed that the number of Lingula sp. less in the Ujong Pancu beach area (66 individuals) when compared to the Syiah Kuala beach area (169 individuals). Based on the weight value of Lingula sp. in the Syiah Kuala area (5,861-7,786 g) it was higher than the Ujong Pancu area (0.082-2.007 g), and the length value was higher in the Syiah Kuala coastal area (39.6-49.4 mm) than the Ujong Pancu beach area ( 19.8-29.6 mm). Besides that, from the calculation of the value of length and body weight, it was found that the value of b at both stations was b> 3 (Ujung pancu, b = 1.9568 and Syiah Kuala, b = 2.896) so that the growth pattern of Lingula sp. classified as negative allometric whereas the length growth is faster than body weight, and the water quality factor in the Ujong Pancu beach area and the Syiah Kuala beach masig are within the normal life limits of Lingula sp.
The distribution of the macro-zoobenthos community based on the characteristics of the mangrove sediments in Aceh Besar
Authors: Sari I P , Sarong M A , Rusdi M , Deli A , Irham M
Published: March 2021

Spatially, the composition of mangrove vegetation and macro-zoobenthos varies due to the characteristics of the sediment substrate in mangrove area. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyse the elements contained in the sediments in the mangrove area and to identify macro-zoobenthos species based on the characteristics of the sediment subtract in Peukan Bada and Baitussalam of Aceh Besar district. The method used in this research is the coring method for sediment sampling, while the sediment characteristics analysis was carried out by the sieve method. For the presence of mangroves, the transect method is applied and analysed based on the identification of mangrove species characteristics in the laboratory. Meanwhile, macro-zoobenthos were collected based on mangrove density using hand grabs and sieved at a size of 0.5 mm, then analysis of the dominance and partial correlation between the sediments of the mangrove area and the presence of macro-zoobenthos was carried out. The results show that 89% of the substrate is a muddy fine sand sediment with the dominance of the mangrove species Rhizopora mucronate and Sonneratia alba species. The dominance level of macro-zoobenthos is in the low to high category with a dominance value of 0.47 - 0.88. Furthermore, the partial correlation test for mangroves, macro-zoobenthos and sediment showed that there was a strong relationship between them.
The role of mangrove, seagrass and coral reefs for coral reef fish communities
Authors: Ulumuddin Y I , Prayudha B , Suyarso  , Arafat MY , Indrawati A , Anggraini K
Published: March 2021

We examined the effect of mangrove, seagrass meadows, reef characteristics, and complexity of seascape heterogeneity on reef fish assemblages in Ternate, Natuna and Bintan-Indonesia. The analytical approach of seascape ecology was undertaken, using field survey data of reef fish community and maps of mangrove covers and habitat benthic. The fish data had been collected during reef health monitoring in 2015 through the Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program-Coral Triangle Initiative. Map of benthic habitats and mangroves was provided by Indonesia’s data custodians in 2015-2016. Generalized Additive Models were performed to analyze non-linear and non-monotonic relationships. The results showed that mangroves and seagrasses were essential for reef fishes, and as expected, reef characteristics were also important. Accordingly, the conservations of coral reefs should consider mangrove and seagrass protection and vice versa. Therefore, this information could be considered for managers of marine protected areas (MPA) to better practice MPA management.
Effect of different depth on fish catches in Hajoran Coast of Central Tapanuli District: Case on bamboo platform lift net
Authors: Iqbal T H , Sitompul D P , Rianjuanda D , Miswar E , Salmarika  , Aprilla R M
Published: March 2021

Central Tapanuli Regency is one of the regions in North Sumatra that has fishery potential. In Hajoran, the livelihoods of most people as fishermen are on bamboo platform lift net fishing gear. Bamboo platform lift net is a fishing gear that catches small pelagic fish and is installed permanently. The factor of the installation of a bamboo platform lift net at a different depth will affect the income earned by each fisherman. The purpose of this study was to compare the catches of fish that were predominantly caught on a bamboo platform lift net based on different depths. This research was conducted in February 2020 at Hajoran Village, Central Tapanuli regency in Sibolga City, by using a survey method. Data collection was carried out by directly recording the catches 3 units of bamboo platform lift net and then comparing the three results by using One Way ANOVA analysis. The results showed that the amount of catch per lift net varies, depending on the type of fish and its depth. For pony fishes, species were more commonly found at a depth of 30 M with a total of 5.5 kg, while fringescale sardine and anchovies were found at a depth of 36 M with a total of 10.6 kg and 64.4 kg, respectively. One Way ANOVA revealed that there was a significant difference found on fringescale sardine and ponyfish in term of water depth (p < 0.05), while there was no any significant different on anchovy fish (p < 0.05).
Analysis of catch composition in Gampong Deah Raya, Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh
Authors: Aprilla R M , Musfidah A , Chaliluddin M A , Damora A , Rusydi I
Published: March 2021

Gill nets are fishing tools that are commonly found in coastal areas, one of them located in Gampong Deah Raya. Various catches caught by fishermen would most likely affect the aquatic ecosystem. Information on gillnet catches is insufficient yet the needs of the information are most urgent. This study aims to determine the composition and the size of the catch based on Fishbase literature and journals. This study has been done from January until March 2019 in Deah Raya, Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. The method used in this research a descriptive survey. The results of this study indicated that there were 31 species of fish caught using gill nets and the total samples obtained during the study were as many as 6048, there were 3 species that frequently captured namely Leiognathus sp., Nemipteru sp., and Selar crumenophthamus, and proper catches as many as 3,381 or 56% and not fit to catch as many as 2,667 or as many as 44%.
What determines aquaculture fish production? empirical evidence from South Aceh Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Muti’ah  , Majid M S A , Seftarita C
Published: March 2021

This study empirically assesses the determinants of aquaculture fish production in South Aceh District using multiple linear regression analysis. The study documented that, except for the number of fish seeds, the factors of land area, the number of workers, and capital had a significant positive effect on aquaculture production. These empirical findings suggest that to improve aquaculture production, fish farmers should possess adequate capital, land area, and the number of workers. The government must assist in providing soft loans by coordinating with provincial government-owned banking institutions, providing sufficient land areas by initiating conversion programs for vacant land into fish ponds. Various free of charges of the training program should be undertaken by the government regularly and continuously to enhance the capacity of aquaculture farmers to produce professional fish farmers who enable to ensure an increase in aquaculture fish production throughout the years.
Does Pawang Laot leadership matter for enhancing fishermen’s work culture and welfare?
Authors: Mahdi I , Lubis A R , Majid M S A
Published: March 2021

This study empirically explores the extent to which leadership style ofPawang Laot(the local traditional fishing masters in Aceh Province, Indonesia) does matter for enhancing the quality of work and its impact on improving fishermen’s welfare and performance. Of 7,623 fishers in South Aceh District, Indonesia, 110 of them were selected as the respondents using a stratified random sampling technique. Using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, the study documented that transactional leadership style ofPawang Laothas directly and significantly improved quality of fishermen work culture and performance, but it has an insignificant effect on their welfare. In addition, indirectly, the quality of work culture has an insignificant positive influence on the welfare of fishers through their performance. Finally, the quality of work culture significantly and positively mediated the effect of the leadership style on improving both the welfare and performance of fishers. These findings suggest that further to enhance the welfare and performance of the fishermen,Pawang Laotshould enhance their transactional leadership style focusing on promoting the quality of fishermen’ work culture.
Identification of M2 tidal velocity and energy in the eastern waters of Aceh based on numerical simulation
Authors: Didta P S , Ikhwan M , Haditiar Y , Wafdan R , Muhammad M , Ramli M , Muchlisin Z A , Rizal S
Published: March 2021

The influence of the M2 harmonic component in the waters of East Aceh is more significant than the other components. It is due to the fluctuation in M2 amplitude, which affects the tides. This study aims to compare the model currents velocity simulation results with data from the Geospatial Information Agency and TPXO7.2 and find the tidal energy extraction value of M2. The modeling method used is the non-hydrostatic method. The research location is in Aceh’s eastern waters by taking two research stations, namely Lhokseumawe waters and Langsa waters. The resulting tidal flow velocity in Lhokseumawe waters is 0.8344 m/s, while in Langsa waters, it is 0.8485 m/s. The tidal current strength in Lhokseumawe Waters is 1.2223 x 104 kW and Langsa Waters 1.2854 x 104 kW. Based on these results, Langsa waters have a tidal current speed higher than Lhokseumawe waters, which is 0.0241 m/s, with a tidal current strength of 6.31 x 102 kW. Due to differences in the depth layer or friction movement of the bottom of the waters and the characteristics of Lhokseumawe waters, which are wider than Langsa waters.
The influence of monsoon on mixed layer depth in the northern waters of Aceh in 2017
Authors: Yunita  , Ikhwan M , Haditiar Y , Wafdan R , Setiawan I , Muhammad M , Jalil Z , Chaliluddin M A , Rizal S
Published: March 2021

The research was conducted by considering the values of temperature, mixed layer depth (MLD) as a result of the analysis, and sea-level winds in the waters of North Aceh. MLD was analyzed from the results of the three-dimensional Copernicus marine environment monitoring service (CMEMS) model, which has been validated with sea surface temperature (SST) data from the monthly Aqua MODIS. The results show that SST CMEMS is relatively the same as SST Aqua MODIS with variations up to 2°C. The verification of SST CMEMS data for February, April, August and October showed quite good results with a correlation value of r = 0.8523. Analysis in February, August, and October shows MLD is deepest. MLD in Aceh’s northern waters is 68-91 meters, and Sabang and Krueng Raya waters are 68-79 meters. However, MLD is at its most shallow in April. The waters of North Aceh is 49 meters, Sabang waters is 40 meters, and Krueng Raya is 9 meters. In February, the wind speed occurs in the northeast wind direction with a speed of 3.2 m/s. April and October occur in the direction of the transitional monsoon. The wind speed in April is 2.2 m/s, and October is 2.9 m/s. The southwest wind direction is 4.1 m/s in October. From these results, the influence of the monsoon wind is enormous in the waters of northern Aceh.
Response of tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus) behaviour to salinity differences: a laboratory scale study
Authors: Fuadi A A , Hasly I R J , Azkia L I , Irham M
Published: March 2021

Tilapia is one of the important commodities of freshwater aquaculture in Indonesia which has good immunity and adaptability. One of the adaptations that can be made by Tilapia is physiological adaptation to a high salinity range. Information on the resistance of Red Tilapia to different salinity on a laboratory scale provides basic information to test the use of Red Tilapia bait as an alternative bait in the Tuna longline fishery. The purpose of this study was to determine the behaviour and mortality rate of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to differences in salinity. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of fish behavior, Bogor Agricultural University in May 2018 with three stages. The first stage is the acclimatization of the test fish in the maintenance aquarium which is carried out in one week. The second stage is to calculate the salinity in water by diluting the desired salinity. The third stage tested the differences in salinity levels on the behavior of the fish in the experimental aquarium. Comparative descriptive statistical analysis was used by comparing Tilapia between various salinity treatments. The random design used in this study was a randomized block design, namely between salinity and the length of time the fish remained in the aquarium. The behaviour of Tilapia during changes in salinity was light stress at salinity 10 and 20 ppt. However, when it rises to 30 ppt the fish are already experiencing severe stress, which is indicated by erratic swimming directions and the number of opercula that are getting slower.
The effectiveness of feeding artemia enriched with vitamin c on the growth performance and survival of Lemeduk fish larvae (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii)
Authors: Mellisa S , Fitria  , Hasri I , Nurfadillah N , Arisa I I
Published: March 2021

The culture of lemeduk fish (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) still have several obstacles including lack of nutrients in fish diet which causes slow growth rate and low survival. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of feeding Artemia enriched with vitamin C at different doses on the growth performance and survival of lemeduk fish (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii). This research used completely randomized design method consisting 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments tested were Artemia enriched with vitamin C at different doses, namely A (Artemia without vitamin C enrichment), B (Artemia enriched with vitamin C 100 mg/l), C (Artemia enriched with vitamin C 200 mg/l), D (Artemia enriched with vitamin C 300 mg/l) and E (Artemia enriched with vitamin C 400 mg/l). The results showed that the addition of vitamin C in the Artemia had a significant effect (P<0.05) on absolute length growth, daily growth rate and survival of lemeduk fish larvae, but there were no significant effect (P>0.05) on the absolute weight and coefficient of variation. The research showed that the highest value of absolute length growth and daily growth rate were found in treatment D (Artemia enriched with vitamin C 300 mg/l) with an absolute length growth of 6.6±0.48 mm and daily growth rate of 0.330±0.026 mm/day, and the highest survival value was found in treatment C (Artemia enriched with vitamin C 200 mg/l) of 91.7±7.6%.
The assessment of water quality by STORET method in the northern waters of Banda Aceh
Authors: Afriani S , Agustina S , Karina S , Irwan I , Kazrina C S M
Published: March 2021

The STORET method is one of the methods commonly used to determine water quality. This water quality status can indicate the waters are in a polluted condition or in good condition referring to the predetermined water quality standard. This study aims to obtain an overview of the status of water quality in the northern waters of Banda Aceh. Activities in the area such as the transportation route of ships, port activities, tourism, aquaculture and disposal of household waste are source of pollutan in the waters. Water sampling was carried out at 10 points (stations) around the waters of Ulee Lheu, Krueng Aceh and Alue Naga. The parameters used are: ammonia content, sulfide, cyanide, phenol, surfactant, and fatty oil. The results showed that the water quality in Ulee Lheu classify into Class C (score –16), which was medium polluted, with ammonia and phenol content 1.1 mg/L and 0.014 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the estuary of Krueng Aceh and the waters around of Alue Naga are categorized in Class A (score 0), that means both are still in accordance with water quality standards.
Length-weight relationship (LWR) of mud crabs (Scylla sp.) in mangrove waters Peukan Bada Aceh Besar as the basic for waters resources development
Authors: Nurfadillah N , Silvia N , Octavina C , Dewiyanti I , Rizwan T
Published: March 2021

Mud crab (Scylla sp.) is one of the aquatic resources that has high economic value so that the information on length-weight relationships is important for sustainable fisheries management. The objectives of this study were to determine the abundance of mud crab (Scylla sp.), the sex ratio of mud crab (Scylla sp.) and to analyze the length-weight relationship of mud crabs (Scylla sp.). This study was conducted in April 2019. Sampling of mud crabs (Scylla sp.) was carried out by using a bubu crab trap with the random sampling method. The bubu size is in length 47 cm, width 31 cm and height 19 cm. The sampling at ach station was repeated three times during low tide conditions. Sampling location was determined by using the stratified random sampling method. The results of the analysis showed that sampled number of mud crabs (Scylla sp.) in the mangrove waters of Peukan Bada were 90 individu, consisting of 50 ind female mud crabs and 40 ind male mud crabs. Therefore, sex-ratio in mud crabs (Scylla sp.) shows that the sex ratio between male and female individuals is still in a balanced state. The growth pattern were negative allometric (b<3), which means that the growth pattern of carapace length is faster than the body weight of mud crabs. The results also showed that the correlation coefficient (r) values for male and female mud crabs were 0.89 and 0.94, respectively. This indicates a close relationship between length and weight of mud crabs. Environmental parameter factors such as salinity and temperature greatly affect the growth pattern of mud crabs and sex ratio in the mangrove waters Peukan Bada, Aceh Besar.
Molecular diversity of the Soft Coral Lobophytum in Sabang Island
Authors: Kurnianda V , Chabert M M , Firdaus R , ‘Akla C M N , Musman M
Published: March 2021

In our continuous concern of biodiversity relating to molecular structures in Sabang island, we found complex species of soft coral (genus Lobophytum). Molecular phylogenetic analysis on 82 specimens confirmed the presence of Lobophytum crassum, Lobophytum verum, and Lobophytum rigidum. On the other hand, the identification of chemical profiles was performed by spectroscopy analysis based on metabolomics approaches. As a result, we identified the chemical diversity of cembrane-type diterpenoids class from all specimens. Moreover, metabolomics analysis using feature-based molecular networking showed L. crassum, L. verum, and L. rigidum genes poses fundamental roles in the formation of chemical variations. Our results indicated that cembrane-type diterpenoids were found on all species related to genus Lobophytum in Sabang island, located in the western part of the Indonesian archipelago.
Monitoring the seagrass ecosystem using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in coastal water of Jepara
Authors: Riniatsih I , Ambariyanto A , Yudiati E , Redjeki S , Hartati R
Published: March 2021

Seagrass ecosystem in the world were highly sensitive to environmental changes. They were also in global decline and under threat from a variety of anthropogenic factors and global climate change. There was now an urgency to establish robust monitoring methodologies so that changed in seagrass abundance and distribution in these sensitive coastal environments can be understood. Typical monitoring approaches have included remote sensing from satellites and airborne platform, ground base ecological survey. The techniques can suffer from temporal and spatial inconsistency, or were very localised, making it hard to assess seagrass meadows in a structurer manner. The aim of this research was to present the technique of using a lightweight drone and consumer grade cameras to produce very high spatial resolution mosaic of intertidal site in Bandengan, Jepara waters, Indonesia. The data collection methodologies followed by digitation method techniques to produce coverage estimates, with ground check at location, with data drone analysis. This result showed that digitation method can show between the observed and classified low coverage seagrass 7-12% (<25%) compare to middle coverage seagrass 34-48% (between 25< and <50%), also was able to detect the other biotic features, such as colonies of macroalgae, massive coral, the flat sand and coral rubble at the observation location.