bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RNA-Seq Reveals Pathways Responsible for Meat Quality Characteristic Differences between Two Yunnan Indigenous Chicken Breeds and Commercial Broilers
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhang Xia , Wang Kun , Li Qihua , Yan Shixiong , Shi Hongmei , Liu Lixian , Liang Shuangmin , Yang Min , Su Zhengchang , Ge Changrong , Jia Junjing , Xu Zhiqiang , Dou Tengfei
Published: June 2024

Poultry is a source of meat that is in great demand in the world. The quality of meat is an imperative point for shoppers. To explore the genes controlling meat quality characteristics, the growth and meat quality traits and muscle transcriptome of two indigenous Yunnan chicken breeds, Wuding chickens (WDs) and Daweishan mini chickens (MCs), were compared with Cobb broilers (CBs). The growth and meat quality characteristics of these two indigenous breeds were found to differ from CB. In particular, the crude fat (CF), inosine monophosphate content, amino acid (AA), and total fatty acid (TFA) content of WDs were significantly higher than those of CBs and MCs. In addition, it was found that MC pectoralis had 420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relative to CBs, and WDs had 217 DEGs relative to CBs. Among them, 105 DEGs were shared. The results of 10 selected genes were also confirmed by qPCR. The differentially expressed genes were six enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathways including lysosomes, phagosomes, PPAR signaling pathways, cell adhesion molecules, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, and phagosome sphingolipid metabolism. Interestingly, four genes (LPL, GK, SCD, and FABP7) in the PPAR signal pathway related to fatty acid (FA) metabolism were elevated in WD muscles, which may account for higher CF, inosine monophosphate content, and AA and FA contents, key factors affecting meat quality. This work laid the foundation for improving the meat quality of Yunnan indigenous chickens, especially WD. In future molecular breeding, the genes in this study can be used as molecular screening markers and applied to the molecular breeding of chicken quality characteristics.
Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus with an Unknown Cause in a 1-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report
Authors: Tarasiewicz Mateusz , Pietrzykowska Anna , Włodarczyk Julia , Seget Sebastian , Gadzalska Karolina , Jakiel Paulina , Skoczylas Sebastian , Jarosz-Chobot Przemysława , Borowiec Maciej
Published: June 2024

Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is a genetically heterogeneous form of neonatal diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia that remits during infancy with a tendency to recur in later life. This case report presents the history of a male infant with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus. The patient was treated with a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system until the age of 2 months, when the normoglycemia connected with a withdrawal of treatment was noted. The genetic test results excluded the majority of known mutations related to TNDM. This case report focuses on various genetic mutations and the clinical features connected with them that cause TNDM and highlights the difficulties in the diagnostic and therapeutic processes of this disease. CSII and CGM systems seem to be a safe and effective treatment option in TNDM and may be used in the therapy.
Predicting Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts among the Adolescent Population of the United States
Authors: Khosravi Hamed , Ahmed Imtiaz , Choudhury Avishek
Published: June 2024

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among individuals aged 5 to 24 in the United States (US). However, the precursors to suicide often do not surface, making suicide prevention challenging. This study aims to develop a machine learning model for predicting suicide ideation (SI), suicide planning (SP), and suicide attempts (SA) among adolescents in the US during the coronavirus pandemic. We used the 2021 Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey Data. Class imbalance was addressed using the proposed data augmentation method tailored for binary variables, Modified Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique. Five different ML models were trained and compared. SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis was conducted for explainability. The Logistic Regression model, identified as the most effective, showed superior performance across all targets, achieving high scores in recall: 0.82, accuracy: 0.80, and area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve: 0.88. Variables such as sad feelings, hopelessness, sexual behavior, and being overweight were noted as the most important predictors. Our model holds promise in helping health policymakers design effective public health interventions. By identifying vulnerable sub-groups within regions, our model can guide the implementation of tailored interventions that facilitate early identification and referral to medical treatment.
Is TEVAR an Effective Approach to Prevent Complications after Surgery for Aortic Dissection Type A? A Systematic Review
Authors: Schizas Nikolaos , Nazou Georgia , Samiotis Ilias , Antonopoulos Constantine N. , Angouras Dimitrios C.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: A residual false lumen after treatment for Aortic Dissection type A (AD) has been associated with early complications, such as A malperfusion or rupture and mid-term or delayed complications, such as aneurysm formation or dissection expansion. Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) is considered an effective solution by several surgical teams to prevent future complications. In this systematic review, all published data regarding the implementation of TEVAR after previous treatment for AD were collected in order to investigate indications, methods, clinical outcomes and aortic remodeling in these patients. Methods: The aim of this study was to investigate the indications, the methods and the efficacy of TEVAR usage after surgical treatment of AD. Data for this study were collected from four widely used medical databases (MEDLINE, SCIENCE DIRECT, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, OVID). All the results for each database were recorded and were analyzed with a systematic method. Techniques and clinical outcomes were investigated. Aortic remodeling was evaluated based on the following parameters in these studies: aortic diameter, true lumen diameter, false lumen diameter, false lumen thrombosis and false lumen patency. Results: The results obtained from the search among all databases comprised 1410 articles and of these articles 9 were included in the review. The majority of the studies were retrospective (seven out of nine studies), while no study was randomized. The total number of patients was 157 and 133 of them (84.7% of patients) were treated with TEVAR in zone 3 without extension below the diaphragm intraoperatively. Among 142 patients, the calculated mortality rate was 12.7% (18 of 142 patients), with 2.8% (4 of 142 patients) presenting with stroke. The percentage of patients with total or partial thrombosis combined was 65.9% (62 patients in a population of 92). The reintervention rate was 18.7%. Conclusions: TEVAR after AD surgery is an approach usually chosen in clinical practice, but the criteria of its usage are uncertain. This method is safe and enhances aortic remodeling with an acceptable reintervention rate. Definite guidelines in this field should be created in order to delineate whether TEVAR after AD surgery is beneficial as a preventive measure to aorta-related complications and to decide under which criteria this approach should be chosen.
Update on Transcatheter Interventions in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Li Angela , Aboulhosn Jamil A.
Published: June 2024

The field of adult congenital interventions is unique in the world of cardiac catheterization, combining the structural concepts commonly employed in pediatric heart disease and applying them to adult patients, who are more amenable to device intervention as they no longer experience somatic growth. Rapid advances in the field have been made to match the growing population of adult patients with congenital heart disease, which currently surpasses the number of pediatric patients born with congenital heart disease. Many congenital defects, which once required surgical intervention or reoperation, can now be addressed via the transcatheter approach, minimizing the morbidity and mortality often encountered within adult congenital surgeries. In this paper, we aim to provide a focused review of the more common procedures that are utilized for the treatment of adult congenital heart disease patients in the catheterization laboratory, as examples of current practices in the United States, as well as emerging concepts and devices awaiting approval in the future.
Decrease in Tongue Pressure in Frail Patients in the Sitting Position and Its Alleviation by Plantar Grounding
Authors: Fujinami Yoshihisa , Nosaka Hideki , Sato Keiji , Kirita Manabu
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The deterioration of oral function has received much attention, also being referred to as “Oral frailty”. This study evaluated the change in tongue pressure, one of the objective items of oral frailty, to examine the relationship between body position and tongue pressure. Methods: This study was a prospective, observational study conducted in a single center. The participants were categorized by their Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) scores. Tongue pressure was measured in the following positions: dorsal, sitting, and sitting with plantar grounding. Differences in tongue pressure between CFS and between body positions were statistically analyzed. Results: A significant decrease in tongue pressure was demonstrated in CFS4 compared to CFS3. Furthermore, in CFS5 and CFS6, tongue pressure decreased in the sitting position compared to that in the dorsal position, and tongue pressure recovered to the dorsal level with plantar grounding. Conclusions: Tongue pressure decreased with the progression of frailty. It was decreased by sitting, and this decrease was alleviated by plantar grounding.
Human Papillomavirus in Oral Lichen Planus: Is There an Association? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ślebioda Zuzanna , Woźniak Tomasz , Wyganowska Marzena Liliana
Published: June 2024

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic, recurrent mucocutaneous inflammatory disease with unclearly defined etiology, where a potential role of several viruses has been considered. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the potential association between HPV and oral LP based on case-control and cross-sectional study results. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science (SCI), Google Scholar, and Scopus databases with the last update on 6 March 2024. Pooled data were analyzed by calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with the metafor package for R. A total of 13 studies on 541 cases and 413 controls were included in this meta-analysis. It covered eight countries: India, Iran, Turkey, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, and the UK. In seven papers, the differentiation into the erosive-atrophic type and non-erosive-atrophic type of OLP was utilized. HPV infection was associated with at least a two times higher risk for a person with HPV to have OLP, depending on whether original data or filled/trimmed data were used. The OR values were 3.54 [2.01, 6.24] and 2.10 [1.16, 3.82], respectively. This meta-analysis was performed to identify the association between HPV and OLP and revealed that HPV infection was associated with at least a high risk for a person with HPV to develop OLP.
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Diagnostic Pathway—What Is the Current State of the Art and How Relevant Is Chronic Nasal Disease?
Authors: Anastasiadou Sofia , Bountzis Polyzois , Gkogkos Dimitrios Evangelos , Karkos Petros , Constantinidis Jannis , Triaridis Stefanos , Psillas George
Published: June 2024

Background: Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) presents a complex diagnostic challenge in otolaryngology, compounded by its multifaceted nature and overlapping symptoms with chronic nasal disease. This article examines the intricacies of ETD diagnosis, emphasising the necessity for a consensus on diagnostic procedures. Methods: A review of the literature was performed through the OVID research tool in the Pubmed/Medline databases to identify relevant articles that discuss eustachian tube dysfunction diagnostics as well as its correlation with chronic nasal disease. Results: The literature review harvested 201 articles, and only 51 of them were included in the full text review. A consensus statement was identified on eustachian tube dysfunction, function and diagnostics. It appears that there is significant variability in the diagnostic tools used to identify eustachian tube dysfunction. The main diagnostic approaches used are tympanometry, tubomanometry and sonotubometry, combined with the Patient-Reported Outcome Measure ETDQ-7 questionnaire to support the diagnosis of the condition. Nasal pathology is mostly absent from the retrieved studies, while ear pathology is more commonly mentioned in the current literature. Conclusions: There is no gold standard diagnostic tool to determine the presence of eustachian tube dysfunction. Further discussion, large multicentre studies and focused research are required to achieve a consensus on a diagnostic approach. The authors suggest a diagnostic pathway that combines subjective and objective diagnostic tools to determine the presence of eustachian tube dysfunction. This pathway is simple and can be used in district ENT departments, highlighting the nasal pathology relevance to ETD.
Facilitators and Barriers to Implementing High-Intensity Gait Training in Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Mbalilaki Julia Aneth , Lilleheie Ingvild , Rimehaug Stein A. , Tveitan Siri N. , Linnestad Anne-Margrethe , Krøll Pia , Lundberg Simen , Molle Marianne , Moore Jennifer L.
Published: June 2024

(1) Background: High-intensity gait training (HIT) is a recommended intervention that improves walking function (e.g., speed and distance) in individuals who are undergoing stroke rehabilitation. This study explored clinicians’ perceived barriers and facilitators to implementing HIT utilizing a mixed-methods approach comprising a survey and exploratory qualitative research. (2) Methods: Clinicians (n = 13) who were implementing HIT at three facilities participated. We collected and analyzed data using the consolidated framework for implementation research. Three focus groups were recorded and transcribed, and data were coded and thematically categorized. (3) Results: Survey results identified that the facilitators with a strong impact on implementation were access to knowledge/resources and intervention knowledge/beliefs. The only agreed-upon barrier with a strong impact was lack of tension for change. The focus groups resulted in 87 quotes that were coded into 27 constructs. Frequently cited outer setting facilitators were cosmopolitanism and peer pressure, and the only barrier was related to the patient needs. Innovation characteristics that were facilitators included relative advantage and design quality and packaging, and complexity was a barrier. Inner setting facilitators included networks and communication, learning climate, leadership engagement, and readiness for implementation. However, communication, leadership engagement, and available resources were also barriers. Regarding characteristics of individuals, knowledge and beliefs were both barriers and facilitators. In the implementation process domain, common facilitators were formally appointed implementation leaders and innovation participants. Barriers in this domain were related to the patients. (4) Conclusions: Clinicians identified many barriers and facilitators to implementing HIT that often varied between facilities. Further research is warranted to deepen our understanding of clinicians’ experiences with HIT implementation.
The Role of Endometrial Sampling before Hysterectomy in Premenopausal Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Kuru Oguzhan , Ozcivit Erkan Ipek Betul , Turker Saricoban Cansu , Akgor Utku , Gokmen Inan Neslihan , Ilvan Sennur
Published: June 2024

Background/Objectives: An endometrial sampling is recommended for patients experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding above the age of 40 or 45. Valid risk prediction models are needed to accurately assess the risk of endometrial cancer and avoid an unnecessary endometrial biopsy in premenopausal women. We aimed to assess the necessity and usefulness of preoperative endometrial sampling by evaluating premenopausal women who underwent hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding after preoperative endometrial sampling at our clinic. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 339 patients who underwent preoperative endometrial sampling and subsequently underwent hysterectomy due to abnormal uterine bleeding. Detailed gynecologic examinations, patient histories, and reports of endometrial sampling and hysterectomy were recorded. Cohen’s Kappa (κ) statistic was utilized to evaluate the concordance between histopathological results from an endometrial biopsy and hysterectomy. Results: The mean age of the cohort was 47 ± 4 years. Endometrial biopsies predominantly revealed benign findings, with 137 (40.4%) cases showing proliferative endometrium and 2 (0.6%) cases showing endometrial cancer. Following hysterectomy, final pathology indicated proliferative endometrium in 208 (61.4%) cases, with 7 (2.1%) cases showing endometrioid cancer. There was a statistically significant but low level of concordance between histopathological reports of endometrial biopsy and hysterectomy results (Kappa = 0.108; p < 0.001). Significant differences were observed only in the body mass index of patients based on hysterectomy results (p = 0.004). When demographic characteristics were compared with cancer incidence, smoking status and preoperative endometrial biopsy findings showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.042 and p = 0.010, respectively). Conclusions: The concordance between the pathological findings of a preoperative endometrial biopsy and hysterectomy is low. Body mass index is an important differentiating factor between benign histopathologic findings of endometrium and endometrial neoplasia. Moreover, adenomyosis was found to be associated with endometrial cancer cases. The current approach to premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding, which includes a routine endometrial biopsy, warrants re-evaluation by international societies and experts.
A Method for Specifying Complete Signature Randomization and an Algebraic Algorithm Based on It
Authors: Moldovyan Alexandr , Moldovyan Dmitriy , Moldovyan Nikolay , Kurysheva Alyona
Published: June 2024

To eliminate the limitations of signature randomization in known algebraic algorithms with a hidden group, the security of which is based on the computational complexity of solving large systems of power equations, a method for ensuring complete randomization is proposed. Based on this method, a new algorithm of the indicated type was developed, using a four-dimensional finite non-commutative associative algebra as an algebraic basis. We obtained estimates of the security of algorithms to direct attacks as well as from attacks based on known signatures, which confirm the effectiveness of the proposed signature randomization method. Due to the relatively small size and signature of the public and private keys, the developed algorithm is of interest as a potential practical post-quantum digital signature scheme.
Amino Acid-Induced Chemotaxis Plays a Key Role in the Adaptation of Vibrio harveyi from Seawater to the Muscle of the Host Fish
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxu , Zhang Zhe , Yan Qingpi , Du Ziyan , Zhao Lingmin , Qin Yingxue
Published: June 2024

Vibrio harveyi is a normal flora in natural marine habitats and a significant opportunistic pathogen in marine animals. This bacterium can cause a series of lesions after infecting marine animals, in which muscle necrosis and ulcers are the most common symptoms. This study explored the adaptation mechanisms of V. harveyi from the seawater environment to host fish muscle environment. The comprehensive transcriptome analysis revealed dramatic changes in the transcriptome of V. harveyi during its adaptation to the host fish muscle environment. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, flagellar assembly, oxidative phosphorylation, bacterial chemotaxis, and two-component systems play crucial roles in V. harveyi’s adaptation to host fish muscle. A comparison of biological phenotypes revealed that V. harveyi displayed a significant increase in flagellar length, swimming, twitching, chemotaxis, adhesion, and biofilm formation after induction by host fish muscle, and its dominant amino acids, especially bacterial chemotaxis induced by host muscle, Ala and Arg. It could be speculated that the enhancement of bacterial chemotaxis induced by amino acids plays a key role in the adaptation of V. harveyi from seawater to the muscle of the host fish.
Enhanced Photoluminescence of Plasma-Treated Recycled Glass Particles
Authors: Remeš Zdeněk , Babčenko Oleg , Jarý Vítězslav , Beranová Klára
Published: June 2024

Recycled soda-lime glass powder is a sustainable material that is also often considered a filler in cement-based composites. The changes in the surface properties of the glass particles due to the treatments were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and optical spectroscopy. We have found that there is a relatively high level of carbon contamination on the surface of the glass particles (around 30 at.%), so plasma technology and thermal annealing were tested for surface cleaning. Room temperature plasma treatment was not sufficient to remove the carbon contamination from the surface of the recycled glass particles. Instead, the room temperature plasma treatment of recycled soda-lime glass particles leads to a significant enhancement in their room temperature photoluminescence (PL) by increasing the intensity and accelerating the decay of the photoluminescence. The enhanced blue PL after room-temperature plasma treatment was attributed to the presence of carbon contamination on the glass surface and associated charge surface and interfacial defects and interfacial states. Therefore, we propose blue photoluminescence under UV LED as a fast and inexpensive method to indicate carbon contamination on the surface of glass particles.
Production of High-Power Nitrogen Sputtering Plasma for TiN Film Preparation
Authors: Sato Taishin , Igarashi Sawato , Takahashi Katsuyuki , Mukaigawa Seiji , Takaki Koichi
Published: June 2024

High-density nitrogen plasma was produced using a high-power pulsed power modulator to sputter titanium targets for the preparation of titanium nitride film. The high-power pulsed sputtering discharge unit consisted of two targets facing each other with the same electrical potential. The titanium target plates were used as target materials with dimensions of 60 mm length, 20 mm height, and 5 mm thickness. The gap length was set to be 10 mm. The magnetic field was created with a permanent magnet array behind the targets. The magnetic field strength at the gap between the target plates was 70 mT. The electrons were trapped by the magnetic and electric fields to enhance the ionization in the gap. The nitrogen and argon gases were injected into the chamber with 4 Pa gas pressure. The applied voltage to the target plates had an amplitude from −600 V to −1000 V with 600 μs in pulse width. The target current was approximately 10 A with the consumed power of 13 kW. The discharge sustaining voltage was almost constant and independent of the applied voltage, in the same manner as the conventional normal glow discharge. The ion density and electron temperature at the surface of the ionization region were obtained as 1.7 × 1019 m−3 and 3.4 eV, respectively, by the double probe measurements. The vertical distribution of ion density and electron temperature ranged from 1.1 × 1017 m−3 (at 6 cm from the target edge) to 1.7 × 1019 m−3 and from 2.4 eV (at 6 cm from the target edge) to 3.4 eV, respectively. From the emission spectra, the intensities of titanium atoms (Ti I), titanium ions (Ti II), and nitrogen ions (N2+) increased with increasing input power. However, the intensities ratio of Ti II to Ti I was not affected by the intensities from N2+.
Scheduling of Automated Wet-Etch Stations with One Robot in Semiconductor Manufacturing via Constraint Answer Set Programming
Authors: García-Mata Carmen L. , Burtseva Larysa , Werner Frank
Published: June 2024

Scheduling and optimization have a central place in the research area of computing because it is increasingly important to achieve fully automated production processes to adjust manufacturing systems to the requirements of Industry 4.0. In this paper, we demonstrate how an automated wet-etch scheduling problem for the semiconductor industry can be solved by constraint answer set programming (CASP) and its solver called clingcon. A successful solution to this problem is achieved, and we found that for all tested problems, CASP is faster and obtains smaller makespan values for seven of the eight problems tested than the solutions based on mixed integer linear programming and constraint paradigms. The considered scheduling problem includes a robot for lot transfers between baths. CASP is a hybrid approach in automated reasoning that combines different research areas such as answer set programming, constraint processing, and Satisfiability Modulo Theories. For a long time, exact methods such as constraint programming have displayed difficulties in solving real large-scale problem instances. Currently, the performance of state-of-the-art constraint solvers is comparatively better than a decade ago, and some complex combinatorial problems can be better solved. These theoretical and technical achievements open new horizons for declarative programming applications such as logistics.
The Evolution of Galaxies and Clusters at High Spatial Resolution with Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite (AXIS)
Authors: Russell Helen R. , Lopez Laura A. , Allen Steven W. , Chartas George , Choudhury Prakriti Pal , Dupke Renato A. , Fabian Andrew C. , Flores Anthony M. , Garofali Kristen , Hodges-Kluck Edmund , Koss Michael J. , Lanz Lauranne , Lehmer Bret D. , Li Jiang-Tao , Maksym W. Peter , Mantz Adam B. , McDonald Michael , Miller Eric D. , Mushotzky Richard F. , Qiu Yu , Reynolds Christopher S. , Tombesi Francesco , Tozzi Paolo , Trindade-Falcão Anna , Walker Stephen A. , Wong Ka-Wah , Yukita Mihoko , Zhang Congyao
Published: June 2024

Stellar and black hole feedback heat and disperse surrounding cold gas clouds, launching gas flows off circumnuclear and galactic disks, producing a dynamic interstellar medium. On large scales bordering the cosmic web, feedback drives enriched gas out of galaxies and groups, seeding the intergalactic medium with heavy elements. In this way, feedback shapes galaxy evolution by shutting down star formation and ultimately curtailing the growth of structure after the peak at redshift 2–3. To understand the complex interplay between gravity and feedback, we must resolve both the key physics within galaxies and map the impact of these processes over large scales, out into the cosmic web. The Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite (AXIS) is a proposed X-ray probe mission for the 2030s with arcsecond spatial resolution, large effective area, and low background. AXIS will untangle the interactions of winds, radiation, jets, and supernovae with the surrounding interstellar medium across the wide range of mass scales and large volumes driving galaxy evolution and trace the establishment of feedback back to the main event at cosmic noon. This white paper is part of a series commissioned for the AXIS Probe mission concept; additional AXIS white papers can be found at the AXIS website.
Charles-Philippe Larivière, grand prix de Rome de 1824, ou les dangers d'un séjour en Italie
Authors: Loddé Isabelle
Published: June 2024

Isabelle Loddé, Philippe Larivière, grand prix de Rome di 1824 o i pericoli di un soggiorno in Italia ;

Charles-Philippe Larivière, grand prix di pittura di storia del 1824, è pensionnaire all' Académie de France in Roma tra 1825 e 1830. Questi anni trascorsi in Italia sono conosciuti grazie ad un'abbondante corrispondenza e un corpus di opere il cui studio permette di afferrare le scelte artistiche del pittore : studi realizzati dalla natura, copie dai maestri, envois obbligatori di pensionnaire. La maturazione dello stile di Larivière si avviene al momento in cui la battaglia romantica si combatteva al Salon di Parigi. Esitando tra le sue aspirazioni romantiche e la ragione che lo guidava verso una pittura più convenzionale, egli diventa un pittore del juste-milieu garantendosi così la carriera promessa agli ex-borsisti di Villa Medici.
Peinture et spiritualité en Italie au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Malgouyres Philippe
Published: June 2024

Philippe Malgouyres, Pittura e spiritualità in Italia nel Settecento ; La considerazione della dimensione religiosa delle opere negli studi sulla pittura italiana del Settecento è ancora rara, mentre è frequente per i periodi precedenti. Tuttavia, la committenza religiosa rimaneva ancora un fatto prestigioso che dette l'occasione a gli artisti di esplorare alcune vie innovative. La vita spirituale nel Settecento è ricca di avvenimenti e sviluppi determinanti per il futuro. L'articolazione è molto fruttuosa tra tendenze 'giansenizzanti' illuminate tese all'armo¬ nia sociale, di cui Muratori è il portavoce, e gli ambienti tradizionali che mettono l'accento su pra¬ tiche devoti e individuali. Alarne devozioni, promosse dalla Compagnia di Gesù, pur soppressa nel 1773, sono fondamentali per capire questo clima e il caso del Sacro Cuore è esemplare. Attraverso recenti pubblicazioni (cataloghi di mostre o cataloghi ragionati), proveremo ad esaminare se esistono specificità geografiche e a mettere in luce il posto occupato da pittori e committenti nei dibattiti religiosi che animano l'Italia nel Settecento.
Stages of Creation : History, Epic and Theatre in David's Early History Paintings Projects
Authors: Ledbury Mark
Published: June 2024

Sur la base de notes inédites prises par David d'après ses propres lectures concernant l'histoire ancienne publiées en annexe, l'article examine les sujets choisis par David pendant les premières années de la décennie décisive de 1780, et se concentre sur ses choix de récits et de sources. Le document apporte quelques éclaircissements sur les goûts historiques et théâtraux de l'artiste, ainsi que sur des projets de tableaux d'histoire, en particulier Les Horaces et La Douleur et les Regrets d'Andromaque. Le témoignage de ces feuillets nous aide à comprendre l'intérêt de David pour le motif de Caracalla et Geta, sur lequel il travaillait en 1782 et 1783 mais qui ne fut jamais reporté sur la toile. Ces notes reflètent aussi des idées pour un éventuel sujet de tableau pris dans la Vie de Pompée de Plutarque, pour lequel il n'existe pas même de dessin connu, mais qui comporte quelques thèmes clés de la peinture de David. L'auteur insiste sur l'importance des sujets issus de l'histoire de Caracalla comme antithèses aux contraintes imposées par l'Andromaque, et attire l'attention sur les connaissances et enthousiasmes théâtraux ainsi que sur les impulsions émulatives qui auraient inspirés les intérêts révélés par le document.
Un corpus perduto ? Sui disegni di Jacopo Zucchi
Authors: Giulia Aurigemma Maria
Published: June 2024

Alla riscoperta di Jacopo Zucchi, grazie alle pubblicazioni dei volumi su La Villa Médicis (1991), alla mostra su Villa Medici, Il sogno di un cardinale (1999) promossi dall' Académie de France à Rome, ed il volume su Palazzo Ruspoli (1992), è possibile aggiungere una lettura del pittore fiorentino (morto nel 1592) attraverso l'elenco postumo dei suoi disegni e delle stampe di sua proprietà. Molti dei disegni coincidono con l'identificazione data da Pillsbury e da altri studiosi, molti altri rendono chiari debiti zuccheschi verso Michelangelo e Andrea del Sarto, contatti con Cambiaso e le opere di Raffaello, ed attraverso le stampe principalmente con Dürer e poi Aldegrave ; si chiarisce l'uso di supporti colorati e di diverse tecniche seppure in fogli che non ci sono pervenuti. Alcuni disegni di architettura lasciano immaginare imo Zucchi versato anche in questo campo, ed altri sono collegabili alle decorazioni di varie dimore romane ; e di Villa Medici ; particolarmente indicativi infine sono i fogli con le prospettive per la decorazione di Santo Spirito in Sassia.
Les activités de Pierre Puget à Gênes : nouvelles recherches
Authors: Herding Klaus
Published: June 2024

L'activité génoise de Pierre Puget ne se réduit pas à la période bien étudiée de 1660 à 1668 -elle aussi enrichie par des documents nouveaux -, mais s'étend jusqu'aux dernières années du sculpteur, de 1679 à 1692. Une œuvre bien connue, mais à dater désormais en 1679, sert de porte d'entrée à l'œuvre tardive qui comprend des projets pour Santa Maria di Carignano, Santa Maria delle Vigne et San Filippo Neri. Les commanditaires, les conditions de travail, mais aussi le caractère du sculpteur apparaissent sous un autre jour grâce aux nombreux documents d'archives transcrits ici, notamment des contrats, comptes et lettres puisés dans l'Archivio Durazzo Giustiniani / Archivio Sauli à Gênes.
Le lieu privé du peintre. Autoportraits et ateliers comme configurations du champ de l’art
Authors: Recht Roland
Published: June 2024

Der Privatraum des Malers. Selbstbildnisse und Ateliers als Konstellationen des Bereiches der Kunst.

Drei entscheidende Momente in der Darstellung des Privatraums des Malers sind zur Analyse herangezogen worden : die Erfindung des Selbstbildnisses und der Atelierdarstellung im 16. Jahrhundert, die bildnerischen Mittel, die die Holländer im 17. Jahrhundert erarbeitet haben, und das Werk Adolph Menzels. Diese drei auf diese Art und Weise vereinten Untersuchungsgebiete erscheinen mir besonders geeignet, um aufzuweisen, daß die verschiedenartige Verwendung des Spiegelbildes, welches auch immer seine Komplexität sein möge und unabhängig von seiner Herkunft von tiefgründigen, den Malern eigenen Interessen, die Rezeption umgewälzt hat, die das Publikum von der Malerei haben konnte, und somit vielleicht vor allem ein Bildaufbau geworden ist, der die Neugier und die Aufmerksamkeit des Betrachters erwecken und verstärken sollte, was zu einer offensichtlichen Erweiterung des Bereiches der Kunst geführt hat.
Florence à Manhattan. La Period room, des magasins européens aux gratte-ciels américains (1890-1939)
Authors: Griener Pascal
Published: June 2024

À la fin du XIXe siècle, des millionnaires américains étaient prêts à payer n'importe quel prix pour acquérir des objets d'art européens. Les plus grands marchands qui les servirent avaient pour ambition de présenter leurs objets dans des décors qui simulaient des intérieurs authentiques, et incitèrent leurs clients à les imiter, en reconstituant des intérieurs de vieux palais, même au centre de New York. L'article cherche à analyser le contexte de cette pratique, et sa pleine signification en termes d'histoire culturelle.
Entre "l'ombre" et "ce qui fait l'ombre" : le Narcisse de Cellini et le Paragone
Authors: Hendler Sefy
Published: June 2024

Le Narcisse (1548-1565) de Benvenuto Cellini apparaît pour la première fois dans l'autobiographie de l'artiste, qui précise que l'œuvre fut exécutée à partir d'un bloc de marbre grec transporté à Florence sur ordre du duc Cosimo. Placée après la mort de l'artiste dans le parc de la villa à Pratolino, puis déplacée dans le Jardin de Boboli, l'œuvre fut peu à peu oubliée. Elle ne fut réattribuée à Cellini qu'autour de 1940. Méconnue des chercheurs, cette statue constitue un rare exemple d'une réponse plastique au débat entre la peinture et la sculpture, communément désigné de nos jours sous le terme de 'paragone'. Cellini s'impliqua largement dans cette polémique, qui atteint son paroxysme à Florence au milieu du XVIe siècle. L'étude de ses écrits sur ce sujet, de sa statue de Narcisse mais aussi de la version du mythe par Ovide révèle que Cellini aborda, au travers de cette œuvre, des problématiques liées au débat entre les arts. L'artiste utilisa la figure de ce héros tragique, présenté par Alberti (De pictura) comme l'inventeur de la peinture, pour démontrer la supériorité de l'art de la sculpture.
Tra memoria e conservazione: pale d’altare antiche ricomposte in Piemonte tra età barocca e XIX secolo
Authors: Maria Piavento Orso
Published: June 2024

Zwischen Erinnerung und Aufbewahrung : im Piemont vom Barock bis zum 19. Jahrhundert umgestaltete alte Altarbilder ;

Diese Studie befasst sich mit der Untersuchung der Umgestaltung des künstlerischen Kulturerbes in ihrem Kontext : es geht insbesondere darum, das Phänomen der Wiederverwendung von Altarbildern aus der Renaissance in Ausstellungsformen aus der Zeit des Barock zu untersuchen, die anlässlich der von der Gegenreformation geforderten Erneuerung des liturgischen Mobiliars konzipiert worden sind. Bei der Studie von Fällen, die alle im Gebiet des Herzogtums und späteren Königreichs von Savoyen situiert sind, kann man das Auftreten der Wiederverwendung verfolgen, sowohl formal als auch die Bedingungen betreffend, die die Aufbewahrung dieser Werke vom 17. und 18. Jahrhundert bis in die heutige Zeit ermöglicht haben. Schlieblich wird die Untersuchung das Verhältnis zwischen der Rezeption eines Künstlers und seinem „materiellen“ Fortwirken, d. h. der Aufbewahrung seiner Werke, im 19. Jahrhundert berücksichtigen, wie dies für Gaudenzio Ferrari gilt, dessen Gemälde im Dom von Novara aufbewahrt werden.
L’Annonciation dans l’espace ecclésial parisien au XVIIIe siècle : liturgie française et modèle italien
Authors: Gouzi Christine
Published: June 2024

The Annunciation in the Ecclesial Settings of 18th century Paris : French Liturgy and the Italian Model.

In the late 17th century and throughout the 18th century, the Annunciation was one of the most popular subject matters for Parisian altarpieces. Adopted for specific liturgical purposes following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, it also served as the basis for a new aesthetic in ecclesial decoration. The Annunciation played a key role in 18th-century theological writings as well as in the theoretical debates of the 1750s on the Italian model, and thus occupies an unprecedented place at that period. In order to grasp fully their importance during the Enlightenment, this article sheds new light on representations of the Annunciation, using a renewed iconographical approach grounded in the cultural history of art and the history of religious thought.
Due mostre e il progetto di un museo sul falso. Una storia tra Francia e Italia (1930-1955)
Authors: Prisco Gabriella
Published: June 2024

Zwei Ausstellungen und einige Überlegungen zur Fälschung. Die Entwicklung in Frankreich und Italien von 1930 bis 1955.

Anhand einer von Cesare Brandi geschriebenen Rezension der Ausstellung, „Le Faux dans l’Art et dans l’Histoire” („Die Fälschung in der Kunst und in der Geschichte”, Paris, 1955) soll der italienische Beitrag zu dieser Ausstellung untersucht werden sowie die Bezüge zwischen Fälschung und künstlerischer Diagnose, die ab den dreißiger Jahren auf verschiedene Weise in Frankreich und Italien aufgefasst worden sind, wovon die damals gegründeten Institute, das Institut Mainini und das Istituto Centrale del Restauro (ICR), zeugen. Andererseits soll die enge Zusammengehörigkeit der Begriffe der Authentizität und der Fälschung untersucht werden, die beide von dem der Anerkennung des Kunstwerks abgeleitet sind und die zwei ständige Ausstellungen des ICR illustriert haben, die zu Beginn der fünfziger Jahre als Gegenstücke konzipiert worden waren. Schließlich soll anhand von Texten, die zur Zeit dieser Ausstellungen geschrieben worden sind, die unterschiedliche Auffassung des Bezugs zwischen Authentizität und ästhetischem Urteil im Denken von Cesare Brandi und Étienne Gilson hervorgehoben werden.
Nota sul simbolismo dei cristalli: l’almandino, il granato e il sigillum Salomonis
Authors: Bussagli Marco
Published: June 2024

En s’inspirant de l’étude de Marcello Fagiolo, l’article approfondit les thèmes du symbolisme des pierres dures sur la base des analogies de formes avec les sculptures de Bernin, allant de l’Apollon et Daphné au David. Les pierres représentées dans le premier groupe se réfèrent au thème de l’almandine et de la «pierre» du futur roi d’Israël, au sceau de Salomon. Les textes de référence sont d’Athanasius Kircher.
“Eşitlik Öbeği” Üzerine
Authors: Erdoğan Özlem
Published: June 2024

Türkçenin sözdizimi kaynaklarında kimi zaman “eşitlik öbeği” veya “eşitlik grubu” şeklinde adlandırılan bir sözcük öbeğinden söz edildiği görülür. Kısaltma öbeklerinin bir alt türü olarak gösterilen bu öbek, birinci unsuru -CA eşitlik ekini alan bir sözcük öbeği olarak tanımlanır. Verilen örnekler, kimi kaynaklarda “kendince haklı, sayıca üstün, yaşça büyük” vb. şekildedir. Kimi kaynaklarda ise bu tür örneklere ilaveten “insanca davranış, dostça muamele” vb. örnekler de eşitlik öbeği olarak gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca, eşitlik öbeği gibi bir sözcük öbeğinden hiç söz etmeyen ve bu tür örnekleri tamamen farklı şekillerde değerlendiren kaynaklar da bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu örneklerin ele alınış biçimiyle ilgili mevcut değerlendirmelerin neler olduğu araştırılmış ve ardından -CA eşitlik ekinin işlevlerinden yola çıkılarak eldeki örneklerin sözdizimsel açıdan nasıl açıklanabileceği ve özellikle de bu örneklerin “eşitlik öbeği” olarak adlandırılabilecek ayrı bir öbek türünü temsil edip etmediği sorularına cevap aranmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, özellikle -CA ekinin bir öbek oluşturacak şekilde birden fazla sözcük arasında anlamsal ve yapısal bir bağ kurmak gibi bir işlevinin olup olmadığı sorgulanmış ve bu işlevi gösteren eklerin kullanıldığı diğer bazı öbeklerle -CA ekinin görüldüğü öbekler arasında bu açıdan karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, üzerine geldiği isimleri sıfata veya zarfa dönüştüren -CA ekinin bu işlevinin eldeki örneklerin sözdizimsel yapısını nasıl etkilediği sorusu üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu soruya bağlı olarak ilk unsuru sıfat veya zarf türündeki sözcüklerden oluşan ve benzer sözdizimsel özellikler gösteren başka öbeklerin olup olmadığına da bakılmış ve bu doğrultuda karşımıza çıkan öbeklerle eşitlik öbeği olarak tanımlanan örnekler karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçta ise bu örneklerin bir kısmının sıfat tamlamalarıyla ve bir kısmının da zarf öbekleriyle gösterdiği yapısal benzerliğe dikkat çekilmiştir.
جوزيف كونراد ونسف المفاهيم المطلقة (باللغة الإنجليزية).
Authors: جيلالي الكوديا
Published: June 2024

إن الهدف من وراء هذا البحث هو إبراز العلاقات الدائمة التي توجد بطريقة أو أخرى بين الفضاءات القصصية، وخاصة منها البحر والمدينة والغاب في أعمال جوزيف كونراد. وبذلك تكتسب معانيها الكاملة.
أن نقطة التقاء هذه الأماكن يكمن في وظيفتها بوصفها استعارات Metaphors . كما أن التقنية التي يتبناها الكاتب – خاصة في معالجته لـ وجهة النظر Point of View والسخرية Irony أساسية لفهم تضمينات هذه الفضاءات.
وإن هذه المقاربة لمعالجة العلاقات المتداخلة بين البحر والمدينة والغاب توفر للقارئ رؤى جديدة فيما يخص فكر جوزيف كونراد وفنه، إذ يحشد الكاتب هذه الصور المتعارضة الثلاث في وحدة مفارقة Unity Paradoxical ذات أهمية كبرى باستعمال الماهر للسخرية، ويعبر بذلك عن رؤيته الأخلاقية للكون، هذه الرؤية التي لم تعد تثبت المفاهيم المطلقة القديمة.
جوانب من الاستخدام الوظيفي للغة.
Authors: أبو أوس إبراهيم الشمسان
Published: June 2024

اللغة فيها الحقيقة والمجاز. ويضاف إلى ذلك استخدام طائفة من الألفاظ، والتراكيب استخداما وظيفيا. وهو استخدامها بشكل مباشر دون التفات إلى أصولها اللغوية، أو علاقاتها الاشتقاقية، أو تغيراتها الصوتية. فدلالتها عند المستخدم هي ما تؤديه من وظيفة مباشرة.
ويظهر هذا الاستخدام في مستويات اللغة المختلفة من صوتية، وصرفية، وتركيبية. ونصادفه في المستوي الفصيح، والمستوى اللهجي، متمثلا في الكنايات والأمثال. ولهذا الاستخدام اللغوي على هذا النحو أهمية من حيث هو مفسر لبعض الظواهر اللغوية مثل (الترادف) و (المشترك اللفظي ). وله أهمية من حيث صلته بالتغير اللغوي، وتوليد الألفاظ، وانتقال دلالتها. وله أيضا صلة باللغة الانفعالية. ثم إن له أهمية تتعلق بالجانب التطبيقي من اللغة، وهو تعليم اللغة من جهة، والترجمة من جهة أخرى.
التحويل في صيغ المضعف وحروفه.
Authors: عبدالرحمن محمد إسماعيل
Published: June 2024

التحويل مسلك من مسالك الخفة والسهولة في اللغة، ومظهر من مظاهر العدول فيها، وهو ظاهرة لها شيوعها في كثير من اللغات التي في مقدمتها لغتنا العربية ذات الظواهر العديدة، والفنون الجميلة، هذه الظواهر والفنون يحسها من يديم النظر والتأمل فيها، ويدركها جد الإدراك من يعايشها.
والتحويل تراه يشمل كثيرا من الظواهر في العربية كالتخفيف والتقديم والتأخير والتعويض والإعلال والإبدال والإدغام والسهولة والمخالفة إلى غير ذلك مما لا يخفي على علماء هذه اللغة، ولهذه الظاهرة محاور متعددة إذ نراه يقع في الأصوات وفي الصيغ ثم التراكيب.
التنافس التجاري البريطاني الألماني في منطقة الخليج العربي: 1906-1928 (باللغة الإنجليزية).
Authors: عبدالمالك خلف التميمي
Published: June 2024

شهدت العقود الثلاثة الأولى من القرن العشرين تحولات هامة على المستوى الاقتصادي في منطقة الخليج العربي، فقد اشتد التنافس الغربي على تجارة المنطقة، ودخلت السفن التجارية الغربية لتزاحم السفن الشراعية المحلية في ميدان التجارة البحرية.
إن أهمية منطقة الخليج العربي التجارية، بحكم موقعها الهام، ليست وليدة هذه الفترة المعنية بالدراسة في هذا البحث، ولكنها تمتد بعيدا في التاريخ ومستمرة إلى اليوم.
لقد كانت التجارة في المنطقة، ولفترة زمنية طويلة، في أيدي القوى المحلية قبل قدوم الاستعمار الغربي وتغلغله وسيطرته على المنطقة، وقد نجحت الشركات التجارية الأوروبية في مضايقة نشاط القوى المحلية التجارية في الخليج العربي والمحيط الهندي والبحر الأحمر، خلال القرون السابع عشر والثامن عشر والتاسع عشر، ومنافسته وتقليصه، وبخاصة شركة الهند الشرقية الإنجليزية وشركة الهند الشرقية الهولندية وشركة الهند الفرنسية الشرقية.
لقد كان اقتصاد المنطقة التقليدي يعتمد أساسا على البحر في التجارة وصيد اللؤلؤ وصيد السمك بالإضافة إلى أنشطة حرفية أخرى في الواحات والصحراء.
وكان مجتمع الخليج في فترة الاقتصاد التقليدي مجتمعا منتجا وإن مردود النشاط التجاري الغربي في المنطقة من العوامل الأساسية للاستعمار فيها. ولما كانت هناك قوى عديدة لها مصالح في منطقة الخليج العربي، فإن هذا المصدر قد دفع تلك القوى إلى التنافس على تجارة المنطقة ، ومن أبرزها بريطانيا وألمانيا.
تصاعد النشاط التجاري الألماني في الخليج بعد عام 1906 ، وقد سبب ذلك قلقا لدي البريطانيين، ونجح الألمان في ترويج تجارتهم في المنطقة أو مرورا بها، وأصبح ذلك يهدد مصالح بريطانيا التجارية في الخليج لأن النشاط التجاري الألماني كان منظما ومدعوما من قبل الحكومة الألمانية.
وكانت المواد الغذائية أساسية في تجارة المنطقة لدى جميع الأطراف التي تعاملت معها، وشمل ذلك إيران والعراق وإمارات الخليج العربي
استمر النشاط التجاري الألماني والبريطاني وغيره بعد الحرب العالمية الأولى، ولكن النشاط التجاري الألماني لم يعد يهدد النشاط البريطاني في هذا الميدان بعد الحرب، بل أوضحت الدراسة كيف أصبحت لبريطانيا حصة الأسد في نشاط المنطقة التجاري بعد الحرب العالمية الأولى.
البنية البشرية لجيوش صلاح الدين.
Authors: سعيد عبدالفتاح عاشور
Published: June 2024

لاحظنا في عديد من الندوات والمؤتمرات العلمية التي عقدت في العامين الأخيرين – داخل العالم العربي وخارجه - للاحتفال بذكرى مرور ثمانمائة عام على انتصار صلاح الدين في حطين، واسترداده بيت المقدس من الصليبيين، وقوع بعض الباحثين في أخطاء تاريخية، ربما بسبب الحماسة التي غلبت عليهم، أو بسبب الألم مما تعانيه أمتنا في حاضرها من أخطار.
ولعل ابرز هذه الأخطاء الخلط بين العروبة والإسلام، وإدماجها إدماجا تاما مطلقا، ثم نسبة الانتصارات التي حققها المسلمون في معركة الجهاد ضد الصليبيين إلى العرب وحدهم، ووصف هذه المعركة بأنها معركة عربية، وبأن أبطالها هم أبطال العروبة . . وفي هذا كله تحريف جسيم للحقيقة التاريخية، وتحوير خاطئ لواقع التاريخ ، وتحميل للتاريخ أكثر مما يحتمل..
وفي هذا البحث حاولنا وضع الأمور في نصابها، وإعطاء صورة واضحة اقرب إلى الواقع التاريخي لحركة الجهاد في عصر الحروب الصليبية ، وإلقاء أضواء لإظهار حقيقة البنية البشرية للجيوش التي اعتمد عليها صلاح الدين في حركة الجهاد وإظهار الدوافع الحقيقية التي حركت تلك الجيوش حتى أنجزت ما أنجزته من انتصارات.