bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of multisectoral collaboration in implementation of One Health Approach for control of zoonoses in Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Onyango Nobert D. , Onguru Dan O. , Atieno Ochung’ Angeline
Published: April 2023

Aim: One health (OH) integrates the efforts of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally to achieve optimal health for people, animals, and the environment. Changing interactions between people, animals, plants, and the environment have resulted in the growth and expansion of human populations into new geographic areas. The proximity to domestic and wild animals, climate changes, and land use distort the environment leading to opportunities for the amplification of zoonoses. Implementing the OH approach at the national, local, and project level remains limited due to the lack of practical and tested operational methods for implementation and evaluation. In Kenya, the OH approach is spearheaded by the Zoonotic Disease Unit (ZDU). This study assessed the proportion of partners collaborating for OH, the methods, and the factors affecting multisectoral collaboration to confirm its effectiveness in controlling zoonoses in Kisumu County. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to generate information regarding the effectiveness of multisectoral collaboration in implementing the OH approach in the control of zoonoses. Descriptive statistics determined and assessed the nature, extent, and factors that affected multisectoral collaboration. Results: Multisectoral collaboration to control zoonoses in Kisumu was limited and driven mainly by public health officers (PHOs). Collaboration was enhanced through joint sensitizations and notifications whenever a zoonosis was suspected. The need for expertise outside one sector, the desire to promote OH, and the requirement to mainstream OH as a government policy prompted multisectoral collaboration. Conclusion: Multisectoral collaboration needed to be improved owing to a deficient OH policy hence the need for review to optimize the limited funding for training and infrastructure development, addressing staffing requirements, and setting up a robust information management system for data sharing.
The Caspian Region: New Processes
Authors: Zhil’tsov S.
Published: April 2023

The Caspian region has entered a new stage of its development. The geopolitical rivalry over the choice of routes for the export of hydrocarbon resources to foreign markets, as well as the fierce negotiation process in light of the preparation of the Convention on the international legal status of the Caspian Sea have overshadowed the issues of economic cooperation between the countries of the region. Implementation of transport projects, expansion of shipping, and growth of mutual trade turnover became priority issues in the policies of the Caspian littoral states and countries that are not members of the Caspian Five. These processes give Russia new opportunities to strengthen its position in the Caspian Sea and at the same time require it to take new approaches to realization of its national interests.
Demokrasinin Gelişiminde Eğitim Sistemlerinin Rolü: Orta Doğu Bölgesi
Authors: BALİ Mehmet Esad , HAYIR KANAT Meryem
Published: April 2023

Demokrasi ilk çağlardan itibaren uygulanmış bir yönetim şeklidir. Günümüzde de devletlerin çoğunluğunda hem bir yaşam biçimi hem de bir yönetim biçimi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Demokrasinin sadece bir yönetim şekli değil, aynı zamanda tüm hayatı kapsayan bir düşünce olduğunu söylediğimizde demokrasinin gelişiminde eğitim sistemlerinin önemi inkâr edilemez. Orta Doğu bölgesi tarih boyunca uygarlıkların beşiği olmuştur. Bu coğrafya yüzlerce yıl boyunca Türk-İslam egemenliğinde kalmış, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu yönetimi altında dini ve kültürel bir birlik içerisinde yaşamıştır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Osmanlı’nın yenilmesi ve Orta Doğu topraklarının büyük bir kısmını kaybetmesiyle bu topraklar sahipsiz kalmıştır. Sahipsiz kalan bu topraklarda, emperyal devletler yaklaşık 50 hakimiyet sağlamıştır. Emperyal devletlerin kısmen de olsa egemenliklerinden sıyrılabilen Orta Doğu milletleri, 20.yy’ın ikinci yarısından itibaren çeşitli üniter devletler kurarak bağımsızlıklarını ilan emişlerdir. Orta Doğu savaşları, karışıklıkları, demokratik olmayan yönetim anlayışlarıyla dünya gündeminden düşmeyen bölge durumundadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı Orta Doğu coğrafyasındaki ülkelerin yönetim şekillerinin ve demokratik yapılarının ülke ve bölgedeki sıkıntıların devam etmesinde ne derecede etkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bunu yaparken Orta Doğu coğrafyasındaki ülkelerin yönetim şekilleri belirlenerek tasnif edilmiştir. Daha sonra beş farklı yönetim şeklinden birer ülke örneklem olarak alınmış ve eğitim programlarında demokrasinin ele alınışı incelenmiştir. Yönetim şekillerinin ülkelerin eğitim programlarında demokratik unsurların yer almasına etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
UMA TEORIA DELIBERATIVA DO DIREITO À DESOBEDIÊNCIA CIVIL
Authors: Dutra Delamar José Volpato
Published: April 2023

Smith apresentou um modelo de desobediência civil inspirado em Rawls e em Habermas. O presente artigo apresenta essa proposta de Smith, porém, tendo como ponto de fuga uma possível resposta à objeção de Raz, segundo a qual a desobediência civil não seria um direito. Além disso, o texto explora a desobediência civil como um direito, no sentido da sua definição, fundamentação e escopo.

Palavras-chave: Desobediência civil. Direito. Smith. Habermas. Rawls. Raz.
Nutritional Quality of Indigenous Legume Browse in the Southern Ethiopia: Farmers’ Preference and Correlation of Local Valuation of Feed Value with Scientific Indicators
Authors: Abraham Getachew , Kechero Yisehak , Andualem Dereje
Published: April 2023

The research was carried out in southern Ethiopia to determine farmers' preferences for indigenous legume, fodder trees and shrubs (ILFTS), as well as the relationship between local feed valuation and scientific parameters. A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with ten farmers in each agro-ecological zone to determine the benchmarks for the preference ratings. The respondent farmers used the preference score sheet to rate all ILFTS on an individual basis. Twenty farmers with extensive experience in ILFTS took part in the preference score rating of each plant species in each agroecosystems. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), Ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and metabolizable energy (ME) content of the samples were determined. The standard two-stage in vitro approach was used to measure the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of samples. ANOVA was used to analyze the variation among the species in agroecosystems. Farmers evaluated the ILFTS using a variety of parameters, according to the study (feed value, growth rate, biomass output, compatibility, and multifunctionality). The farmers ILFTS preference score on the evaluation criteria differed considerably (P<0.05) with species in agroecosystems. The nutritive value of ILFTS was in the acceptable range for feeding ruminants although exhibited a wide variation among the species in agroecosystems. The CP content was above the minimum requirement (8%) to support the normal function of rumen microorganisms. Moreover, CP exhibited positive significant correlation with IVDMD, IVOMD, and DOMD unlike CT and ADL which exhibited negative significant correlation. Thus, ADL and CT were identified as feed fractions that inhibit IVDMD either by depressing the activity of rumen microorganisms or restricting enzyme access to cell wall components. Conversely, the DM, OM, CP, IVDMD, IVOMD, DOMD, and ME were shown a positive significant correlation with farmers feed preference score, unlike the ADL and CT which exhibited a negative significant correlation. In conclusion, Farmers' indigenous knowledge of feed value is therefore relevant to some extent for judging the nutritive value of the ILFTS and could complement the scientific indicators.
A Review on Deriving Maintenance of Accommodations Via Text-based Feedback Analysis
Authors: Wickramasinghe Tharindu , Fernando Pumudu
Published: April 2023

In today's business world, many companies have realized that consumer feedback evaluations play a crucial part in shaping the company's future activities. The hotel and tourism industries are well-known examples where the user feedback has become crucial. Even though most accommodations want their clients to express their opinions about their services, these reviews are nevertheless carefully reviewed by them. This manual approach is time demanding and error prone, the level of expertise of the individual analyzing the evaluations determines the quality of the manual analysis. This research focuses on the development of a tool-based support system that analyzes text-based customer evaluations and then highlights the maintenance issues identified in the reviews, removing the need to manually evaluate and analyze the customer reviews. The process includes data preparation, sentiment analysis, and a fully trained deep learning model to extract critical insights. Using sentiment analysis techniques after data preprocessing and trained deep learning model, an accuracy of 96\% was achieved, and this paper discusses how this technology helps to meet the needs of accommodation management by completing activities efficiently. This might save management time and helps to save money without losing clients, allowing them to enhance their additional sales.
Calcination-Enhanced Laser Induced Damage Threshold of 3D Micro-Optics Made with Laser Multi-Photon Lithography
Authors: Gailevičius Darius , Zvirblis Rokas , Galvanauskas Karolis , Bataviciute Gintare , Malinauskas Mangirdas
Published: April 2023

Laser Direct Writing (LDW), also known as 3D multi-photon laser lithography of resins, is a promising technique for fabricating complex free-form elements, including micro-optical functional components. Regular organic or hybrid (organic-inorganic) resins are often used, with latter exhibiting better optical characteristics, as well as having the option to be heat-treated into inorganic glass-like structures, particularly useful for resilient micro-optics. While this work is a continuation of SZ2080™ calcination development , the Laser-Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT) of such sol-gel-derived glass micro-structures, particularly those that undergo heat treatment, has not been well-characterized. In this pilot study, we investigated the LIDT using the Series-on-One (S-on-1) protocol of functional micro-lenses produced via LDW and subsequently calcinated. Our results demonstrate that the LIDT can be significantly increased, even multiple times, by this approach, thus enhancing the resilience and usefulness of these free-form micro-optics. This work represents the first investigation in terms of LIDT into the impact of calcination on LDW produced sol-gel-derived glass micro-structures, and provides important insights for the development of robust micro-optical devices.
The Midbrain Preisthmus: A Poorly Known Effect of the Isthmic Organizer
Authors: Puelles Luis , Hidalgo Sánchez Matias
Published: April 2023

This essay reexamines molecular evidence supporting the existence of the ‘preisthmus’, a caudal midbrain domain present in vertebrates (studied here in the mouse). It is held to derive from the embryonic m2 mesomere and appears intercalated between the isthmus (caudally) and the inferior colliculus (rostrally). Among a substantial list of gene expression mappings examined out of the Allen Developing and Adult Brain Atlases, a number of quite consistent selective positive markers, plus some neatly negative markers were followed across embryonic stages E11.5, E13.5, E15.5, E18.5, and several postnatal stages up to the adult brain. Both alar and basal subdomains of this transverse territory were explored and illustrated. It is argued that the peculiar molecular and structural profile of the preisthmus is due to its position adjacent rostrally to the isthmic organizer, where high levels of both FGF8 and WNT1 morphogens must exist at early embryonic stages. Isthmic patterning of the midbrain is discussed in this context. Studies of the effects of the isthmic morphogens usually do not attend to the largely unknown preisthmic complex. The adult alar derivatives of the preisthmus were confirmed to comprise a specific preisthmic sector of the periaqueductal gray, an intermediate stratum represented by the classic cuneiform nucleus, and a superficial stratum containing the subbrachial nucleus. The basal derivatives, occupying a narrow retrorubral domain intercalated between the oculomotor and trochlear motor nuclei, include dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons, as well as a variety of peptidergic neuron types.
Thermal Performance of Multifunctional Facade Solution Con-Taining Phase Change Materials: Experimental and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Amaral Cláudia , Gomez Javier , Moreira Miguel , Silva Tiago , Vicente Romeu
Published: April 2023

This work exclusively focuses on the assessment of the thermal performance of a multifunctional facade panel incorporating PCM in foam layers, recurring to a hot box heat flux meter method to determine the thermal transmittance (U-value). The experimental setup is based on the steady-state approach using climatic chambers, assuring a stable thermal environment. Even small fractions of PCM achieved a small reduction in thermal amplitude. Numerical simulations using Ansys Fluent were developed to evaluate the performance of PCM use over a wide range of temperature boundary conditions and operating modes. These numerical models were calibrated and validated using the results of experimental tests, achieving a correlation factor of 0.9674, thus accurately representing a real-world scenario. The decrement factor (f) was used to analyse the data. It was identified that the efficiency of the panel and size of the optimum region increased with the PCM fraction growth. The simulated behaviour was optimum when the input mean temperature is of 20 °C for a room temperature of between 18-20 °C. The results show the significant potential of the multi-layered panel and the thermal regulator effect of the PCM incorporated on indoor space temperature to reach good thermal comfort levels.
Exploring Patients’ Needs and Desires for Quality Prenatal Care in Florida, United States
Authors: Fryer Kimberly , Reid Chinyere N. , Cabral Naciely , Marshall Jennifer , Menon Usha
Published: April 2023

Background and Objective:

High-quality prenatal care promotes adequate care throughout pregnancy by increasing patients’ desires to return for follow-up visits. Almost 15% of women in the United States receive inadequate prenatal care, with 6% receiving late or no prenatal care. Only 63% of pregnant women in Florida receive adequate prenatal care, and little is known about their perceptions of high-quality prenatal care. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess women’s perceptions of the quality of their prenatal care and to describe their preferences for seeking prenatal care that meets their needs.

Methods:

From April to December 2019, a qualitative study was conducted with postpartum women (n = 55) who received no or late prenatal care and delivered in Tampa, Florida, USA. Eligible women completed an open-ended qualitative survey and a semi-structured in-depth interview. The interview contextualized the factors influencing prenatal care quality perceptions. The qualitative data analysis was based on Donabedian’s quality of care model.

Results:

The qualitative data analysis revealed three key themes about women’s perceptions and preferences for prenatal care that meets their needs. First, clinical care processes included provision of health education and medical assessments. Second, structural conditions included language preferences, clinic availability, and the presence of ancillary staff. Finally, interpersonal communication encompassed interactions with providers and continuity of care. Overall, participants desired patient-centered care and care that was informative, tailored to their needs, and worked within the constraints of their daily lives.

Conclusion and Global Health Implications:

Women seeking and receiving prenatal care prefer a welcoming, patient-centered health care environment. These findings should prompt health care providers and organizations to improve existing prenatal care models and develop new prenatal care models that provide early, accessible, and high-quality prenatal care to a diverse population of maternity patients.
Wireline Logging Operation Uses Water-Based Drilling Fluid in HP/HT Gulf of Mexico Well
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: April 2023

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 210021, “Wireline Logging in High-Overbalance, High-Pressure/High-Temperature Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Well With Water-Based Reservoir Drilling Fluid,” by Martin Tjioe, Jeremy McCaslin, and Jonathan J. Brege, SPE, Shell, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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Openhole wireline logging, because of its lower overpull capacity relative to logging while drilling, is subject to increased stuck-tool risk. The risk increases in higher-overbalance environments typical for depleted reservoirs, but other aspects of sticking risk can be managed. The complete paper describes the measures taken in an openhole wireline-logging operation in a deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GOM) well under nearly 7,000-psi overbalance in a high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) slimhole environment using water-based reservoir drilling fluid (RDF) to achieve an efficient logging operation without incurring lost time attributed to conveyance-related issues.

Introduction

The wireline data-acquisition program was planned for an injector well in the deepwater GOM development field. The goal of the well was to maintain reservoir pressure through waterflooding, maximize recovery, and appraise the downdip portion of the fault block. The target was an aeolian sandstone reservoir at a depth of approximately 25,500 ft total vertical depth subsea featuring 19% porosity and permeability in the tens-of-millidarcy range. The reservoir had depletion of 6,850 psi; the well penetrated 174 ft of the reservoir with a hole size of 7 in. and a deviation of 25°.

The injector used an openhole stand-alone-screen completion concept. Water-based RDF was used so that filter-cake material could be removed using a breaker fluid to enable matrix injection. Using a 13.5-lbm/gal mud weight, the wireline operation was performed under a downhole pressure of 17,900 psi (overbalance of 6,950 psi). The maximum temperature recorded during wireline was 320°F.

Wireline Data-Acquisition Program

The wireline program’s objectives were to acquire safely a profile of pressures and mobilities to identify depletion boundaries and to inform completion operations and acquire temperature data to infer the static formation temperature.

During the planning phase, the well was classified as highly challenging, with a high risk of differential sticking based on the analog wireline jobs in the field. The well of interest penetrated the reservoir with the highest depletion encountered in the field at the time; because of its downdip location, it also had one of the higher downhole temperatures in the field.

Several learnings from analog wells that are further detailed in the complete paper included the following:

- Necessity of good hole cleaning

- Reduction of toolstring length

- Necessity of a water-based RDF with good fluid properties
Technology Focus: Formation Damage (March 2023)
Authors: Singh Amit
Published: April 2023

Identification, prevention, and remediation of formation damage during the life cycle of oil and gas wells are key for our industry to allow wells to perform to their full potential. Increased awareness of potential damage mechanisms along with improvements in laboratory testing equipment and methodologies have proven to be instrumental in efficient prevention and remediation of formation damage in production and injection wells in conventional reservoirs. While the ongoing technical studies and technology developments in the area of formation damage are heavily focused on key damage-mechanism scenarios during drilling and production, such as drilling-fluid-induced damage, scaling, clay swelling, fines migration, and incompatibility of fluid/fluid and fluid/rock in conventional sandstone and carbonate reservoirs, there are new research activities and increased applications of learnings in low-permeability unconventional reservoirs and carbon capture and storage (CCS).

In low-permeability unconventional reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing has proven instrumental for economic and successful development. Injection of a large volume of fracturing fluid water is necessary to place the required quantity of proppant to generate and maintain fracture conductivity, thereby increasing the risk of fracturing-fluid-induced formation damage. New laboratory studies and field trials to select suitable preventive additives in fracturing fluid and optimize flowback processes are being deployed to prevent formation damage not only from gelling materials, friction-reducer chemicals, and water blockage but also from scaling and paraffin during production.

Identification and prevention of formation-damage mechanisms affecting injectivity during CO2 injection in subsurface for CCS and CO2 enhanced oil recovery are critical.

Enjoy the papers chosen this year, some of which highlight my comments and the innovation and successes achieved by our industry in identification, prevention, and remediation of formation damage in conventional reservoirs, which is expected to bring success in area of unconventional-reservoir development and carbon reduction.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

IPTC 22543 Formation Damage in the Hollín Sandstone: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Stimulation Practices From Laboratory to Field Implementation, Sacha Field, Ecuador by Alvaro Izurieta, Halliburton, et al.

SPE 208852 Understanding Fluid Exchange as Screens Are Run in Hole—Mitigation of Formation and Completion Damage Risks by Michael Byrne, Axis, et al.

SPE 210763 Near-Wellbore Damage Associated With Formation Dry-Out and Fines Migration During CO2 Injection by Liam Alchin, The University of Adelaide, et al.
Interpretation of Fracture Initiation Points by In-Well Low-Frequency Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Leggett Smith , Sakaida Shohei , Zhu Ding , Hill Alfred Daniel , Kerr Erich
Published: April 2023

Low-frequency distributed acoustic sensing (LF-DAS) exploits the optical phase shift of Rayleigh backscatter in fiber-optic cables to obtain distributed measurements of changes in strain and temperature. Fiber-optic cables are often installed for multistage hydraulic fracture diagnostics in horizontal wells. LF-DAS in an untreated well provides far-field strain measurements, while offset wells are hydraulically fractured. Such a configuration is called crosswell LF-DAS sensing. Crosswell LF-DAS measurements have proved useful in diagnosing fracture hits, fracture azimuth, planarity, cluster efficiency, fracture propagation rates, and the dynamic distance to the fracture front. In contrast, in-well LF-DAS is conducted on the actively fractured well. Due to cool fracture fluid being injected at high injection rates, the strain component of the LF-DAS response is largely obscured by temperature changes. In permanent fiber-optic cable installations, distributed temperature sensing (DTS) is often conducted simultaneously with LF-DAS. An opportunity exists to decouple the temperature and strain components of LF-DAS sensors to observe strain changes on in-well LF-DAS.

The LF-DAS response is modeled as linearly dependent on strain and temperature changes. Theoretical LF-DAS temperature and strain sensitivity coefficients are derived based on the changes to the index of refraction and length of the fiber. Using the DTS measurements, temperature changes are computed, smoothed, filtered, and compared to the LF-DAS response. Crossplots of the in-well LF-DAS measurements and temperature changes from DTS measurements far from the actively fractured region are used to validate the theoretical sensitivity coefficients. Uncertainty in the temperature component of the LF-DAS response is quantified. The difficulty in corresponding the different spatial and temporal resolutions of the DTS and LF-DAS measurements is overcome by comparing the responses over a moving temporal and spatial window. If the LF-DAS response at the center of the window agrees with the DTS response within uncertainty, the measurement is filtered out. After filtering, the remaining nonzero in-well LF-DAS measurements are due to changes in strain. The data are then visualized in waterfall plots.

The results indicate that the theoretical and observed strain and temperature coefficients agree within 10%. After the temperature component of the in-well LF-DAS response is extracted, the remaining nonzero measurements are located primarily within the actively treated region. Locations with peaks in the strain response are interpreted to indicate fracture initiation points. These fracture initiation points are compared with in-well DTS and high-frequency DAS noise measurements across multiple stages to better understand fracture initiation along the horizontal well.
Anisotropic Evolution of Effective Stress and Pore Pressure during Coalbed Methane Drainage
Authors: Zhang Taiyuan , Chen Shida , Tang Dazhen
Published: April 2023

The anisotropy and dynamic variation in permeability of gas-adsorbing coals have a significant influence on fluid flow behavior in the cleat system. The assumption of a constant anisotropy coefficient (the ratio between permeability components in orthogonal directions) has been traditionally made to simplify the seepage-stress coupling analytical model. In this approach, the pressure drop of the coalbed is separated into desorption and nondesorption areas. To evaluate the effective stress, pore pressure, permeability distribution, and variable anisotropy coefficient more accurately, analytical formulas were developed that consider elastic mechanics and methane sorption. The results show that the anisotropy coefficient can be dynamic when cleat compressibility anisotropy exists. Pressure contours are a set of ellipses that increase in eccentricity from the near-wellbore area to the pressure drop boundary, leading to corresponding anisotropy changes in effective stress and permeability. The gas desorption-related matrix shrinkage effect causes a discontinuous pressure drop gradient at the boundary between desorption and nondesorption areas, resulting in nonsmooth pressure drop curves. The pressure gradient difference changes with the radius of the desorption area and is nonisotropic, with the high-permeability direction showing a greater difference than the low-permeability direction. These results indicate that the dynamic anisotropy coefficient has a significant impact on coalbed drainage and extraction. Compared to previous mathematical models, which assumed permeability isotropy or constant anisotropy coefficient in cleat systems, the proposed model provides a more accurate method to evaluate pressure and permeability distribution.
Full Endoscopic Translaminar Approach Using 7 mm Working Endoscope for High Up Migrated Disc Herniation with Severely Collapsed Disc Space: Technical Note
Authors: Raorane Harshavardhan Dilip , Kim Hyeun-Sung , doshi Rishi , doshi Kiran
Published: April 2023

The clear indication for the transforaminal approach is simple or low migrated lumbar disc herniation (LDH). The incidence of migration of the disc fragment in LDH varies from 35% to 72%. The high up migrated disc herniation into MacNab’s hidden zone remains technical challenge. We provide a technical note of seldomly performed full endoscopic translaminar approach with its potential indications. A 52 years male patient presented with low back pain with left lower limb radiculopathy for 2 months. Visual analogue scale for back and leg was 2 and 8, respectively. MRI examination revealed high up migrated disc herniation with collapsed disc space at L4-5. Dynamic radiograph was not showing any instability. Based on the preoperative surgical planning working cannula was docked over left L4 lamina perpendicular to horizontal plane. With the help of 3.5 mm endoscopic burr translaminar keyhole was drilled in a concentric manner. The distance between lateral margin of pars and keyhole was intermediately inspected for preservation of adequate bone in pars interarticularis. Though the translaminar key hole subluxated tip of SAP, up-migrated disc fragment was removed. The VAS score of leg reduced significantly from 8 to 2 in immediate postoperative period. At the end of 6 months follow up period patients leg symptoms completely improved with minimal back pain. We measured the width of remaining pars postoperatively and found to be 5 mm. The full endoscopic translaminar approach is valid alternative approach for the high up migrated HNP.
A pilot clinical study of complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treatment via foldable capsular buckle scleral buckling
Authors: Li Cheng , Zhang Baike , Tan Xiao , Jia Yong , Guo Lisha , Wang Chunlei , Xing Yaofan , Li Qiaoyun , Tian Xuemin
Published: April 2023

Background: To evaluate the feasibility of and identify problems in treating complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using foldable capsular buckle scleral buckling.
Methods: This prospective clinical study enrolled five patients with complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treated with foldable capsular buckle scleral buckling at the 988th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Force, China. During the 24-week follow-up period, the patients underwent measurements of their best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and visual field testing. Additionally, B-ultrasound and fundus photography of the patients’ retinal reattachments helped evaluate the treatment’s post-surgery efficacy. We determined the safety of foldable capsular buckle scleral buckling based on infection, eye pain, diplopia, elevated intraocular pressure, and other postoperative severe complications.
Results: All five patients' complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachments were successfully treated and evaluated via B-ultrasound and fundus photography after surgery. Visual acuity was enhanced in four patients 24 weeks after surgery, while the remaining patients developed diplopia after surgery. No other complications were observed.
Conclusion: This pilot study preliminarily determined that foldable capsular buckle scleral buckling is feasible for efficient and safe treatment of complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. These results support this surgery as a potential and novel alternative to current extraocular procedures for treating complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Trial registration: The prospective observational clinical study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee and registered at the clinical research center in the 988th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Force, China (9882019000).
Whole-Ecosystem Climate Manipulation Effects on Total Mercury within a Boreal Peatland
Authors: Pierce Caroline , Psarska Sona , Stewart Brandy D. , Oleheiser Keith C. , Griffiths Natalie A. , Gutknecht Jessica L. M. , Kolka Randall K. , Sebestyen Stephen D. , Nater Edward A. , Toner Brandy M.
Published: April 2023

Mercury is a ubiquitous pollutant that accumulates in peatlands, an ecosystem highly sensitive to climate change. We examined the effects of increasing temperature and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on the concentration of total mercury (THg) in peatland soil and porewater. This research was performed at the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment, an ecosystem-scale manipulation in an ombrotrophic bog in northern Minnesota, USA, which includes five temperature levels (above- and below-ground warming), with ambient or enhanced CO2 concentration. Increasing temperature led to increased THgporewater concentrations and these increases were correlated with physical (water table height) and chemical (pH, dissolved sulfate, total dissolved iron, solid-state sulfur speciation) environmental factors. The ratio of THgpeat to THgporewater decreased with warming, indicating that THg moved from the peat into porewater. In the top portion of the depth profile (0 cm to -40 cm), a net movement of THg from peat to porewater was observed with elevated CO2. This finding is likely due to indirect effects of elevated CO2 such as the lowering of the water table and changes in the proportion of plant species. Porewaters had more detectable changes in THg than peat. Peat with higher proportions of organic disulfide were observed to retain more THg in the solid phase than peat with higher proportions of organic monosulfide (thiols). Overall, we observed that temperature and CO2 had significant but subtle effects on THg in porewater. Our findings indicate with projected climate change, we may see some enhanced concentrations of THg available for export to surface waters. However, the first three years of temperature and CO2 treatments suggest that this could be a relatively small change to local surface water loadings.
Outcomes Of Women With Preeclampsia And Eclampsia Admitted In The Intensive Care Unit At A Tertiary Care Hospital In Mogadishu, Somalia.
Authors: Hilowle Nasra Mohamud , Ahmed Said Abdirahman , Ali Khadija Yusuf , Köprülü Diyar , Waberi Mohamud Mire , Hassan Mohamed Sheikh , Altinel Ercan , Hassan Mohamed Omar
Published: April 2023

Intensive care for a hypertensive mother with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia is crucial for both maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study highlights the level of morbidity and mortality of women with preeclampsia and eclampsia admitted in the intensive care unit. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Mogadishu, Somalia, Turkish Training and Research Hospital from February 2019 to July 2022. The study focused on the different complications, managements, and final outcomes of preeclampsia and eclampsia mothers admitted to the intensive care unit. The data was retrieved from the electronic records of patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Results: During our study period, a total of 237 patients were identified to have preeclampsia/eclampsia, of which 71 patients required intensive care admission. The mean age of the studied patients was 25 ± 6years. The most common reason for being taken to the intensive care unit (ICU) was having a seizure (n = 33, 46.5%), followed by having very high blood pressure (n = 20, 28.2%), and being confused (n = 18, 25.3%). Peripartum infection was the most common maternal complication during ICU admission (66.7%), followed by cardiac-related arrhythmia (66.7%), postpartum bleeding (48%), acute kidney injury (18.4%), HELLP syndrome (16.4%), severe anemia (9.6%), and stroke (8.7%). Among patients, 65 (91.5%) needed mechanical ventilation. About 11.1% of these patients died during hospitalization. There were associations between mortality and some complications, particularly acute kidney injury (p-value less than 0.02) and peripartum infection (p-value less than 0.003). Conclusion: Hypertensive disease of pregnancy (preeclampsia/eclampsia) requiring intensive care unit admission has a very high morbidity and mortality rate
Geranium robertianum L. tolerates various soil types burdened with heavy metals
Authors: Hasanović Mujo , Čakar Jasmina , Hajro Anesa Ahatović , Murtić Senad , Subašić Mirel , Bajrović Kasim , Durmić-Pašić Adaleta
Published: April 2023

Heavy metals (HMs) are crucial micronutrients for the growth and development of plants, however, human activities such as mining, smelting, and fertilizers have led to toxic levels of HMs in soil. Fortunately, many plant species have developed incredible adaptive mechanisms to survive and thrive in such harsh environments. As a widespread and ruderal species, Geranium robertianum L. inhabits versatile soil types, both polluted and unpolluted. Considering the ubiquity of G. robertianum, the study aimed to determine whether geographically distant populations can tolerate HMs. We collected soil and plant samples from serpentine, an anthropogenic heavy metal contaminated, and a non-metalliferous site to study the physiological state of G. robertianum. HMs in soil and plants were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrophotometric methods were used to measure the total content of chlorophylls a and b, total phenolics, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and proline. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the potential correlation between HMs concentrations gathered from various soil types and plant samples and biochemical data acquired for plant material. A statistically significant difference was observed for all localities regarding secondary metabolite parameters. A positive correlation between Ni and Zn in soil and Ni and Zn in plant matter was observed (p<0.0005) indicating higher absorption. Regardless of high concentrations of heavy metals in investigated soils, G. robertianum displayed resilience and was capable of thriving. These results may be ascribed to several protective mechanisms that allow G. robertianum to express normal growth and development and act as a pioneer species.
How Does Logistics Contribute to Carbon Emissions in Turkey?
Authors: Bayat Tugrul , İlarslan Kenan , Shahbaz Muhammad
Published: April 2023

Increasing carbon emissions (CO2) due to factors such as energy consumption (enco), industrialization, increase in world population, and decrease in green areas with the industrial revolution is one of the main causes of both climate change and global warming. Developments in an area containing risk factors that may affect businesses, countries, and the whole world. It is aimed to determine the impacts of financial development (findev), GDP per capita (pgdp) energy consumption, and amount of freight carried by rail and road on CO2 emissions within the framework of 1990-2021 time-series data for Turkey. By doing so, we employ the ARDL bound testing cointegration test and observe that independent variables have similar and different effects on CO2 emissions. Energy consumption, findev, and per capita income variables have a positive effect on CO2 emissions in Turkey. The effect of rail and road freight transport (FT) on CO2 emissions is negative. Although it is expected that the railway FT will contribute negatively to environmental pollution (EPol), the most interesting finding obtained from the study is related to road FT. The amount of freight transported by road has a decreasing effect on CO2 emissions in Turkey. This paradoxical situation in Turkey may be due to the developments in the transportation infrastructure, which has enabled the convergence of space and time in recent years, young and modern vehicle fleets, and the efficiency provided through logistics companies.
Jel Classification: C58, G00, Q53, R40
Living with polypharmacy: A narrative interview study with older Pakistanis in East London
Authors: Sultan Najia , Swinglehurst Deborah
Published: April 2023

Background Polypharmacy is a growing and major public health issue. It can be burdensome and risky for patients and costly to healthcare systems. Older adults and those from ethnic minority backgrounds are disproportionately affected by polypharmacy. This study focuses on medication practices among Urdu-speaking Pakistani patients, a significant ethnic group in the UK. Most existing research on medication practices within South-Asian communities focuses on adherence, leaving the social and moral dimensions of polypharmacy practices unpacked. Understanding how British Pakistani patients understand and manage polypharmacy in the context of their daily lives is crucial to optimising medication practices and avoiding harmful polypharmacy.Methods We interviewed 15 first-generation Pakistani patients, prescribed ten or more regular medications (a pragmatic marker of ‘higher risk’ polypharmacy). Participants were aged over 50 and were recruited from GP practices in East London. They completed an in-depth interview at home, conducted with a bilingual researcher. Interviews were designed to elicit narratives of patients’ experiences of polypharmacy in the context of their biographies and daily lives.Results Polypharmacy is enacted through networks of interpersonal and socio-material relationships. The doctor-patient relationship and the family network held particular significance to study participants. In addition, participants described emotional bonds between themselves and their medicines, identifying them as ‘forces for good’ - substances which allowed them to maintain their health through the intercession of God. Meanings attributed to medicines and enacted through these social, emotional, and spiritual relationships contributed to emerging and sustaining polypharmacy.Conclusions Patients integrate treatments into their daily lives in culturally specific ways. For older Pakistani patients, medication becomes intricately connected with participants’ commitments to their faith and social networks. Clinicians must better understand the way medication functions as a tool for communication and a symbol of these wider commitments to be able to have meaningful and effective conversations with patients about their medicines. Engaging with the cultural and moral values that patients ascribe to their medicines is likely to be crucial to the success of programmes aimed at medicines optimisation. Our findings contribute to enabling the integration of culturally sensitive approaches to prescribing practices.
Fine mapping of the Cepaea nemoralis shell colour and mid-banded loci using a high-density linkage map
Authors: Johansen Margrethe , Saenko Suzanne , Schilthuizen Menno , Blaxter Mark , Davison Angus
Published: April 2023

Molluscs are a highly speciose phylum that exhibit an astonishing array of colours and patterns, yet relatively little progress has been made in identifying the underlying genes that determine phenotypic variation. One prominent example is the land snail, Cepaea nemoralis, for which classical genetic studies have identified around nine loci that control shell colour variation, several of which are physically linked and inherited together as a ‘supergene’. As a first step towards characterising and identifying the loci underlying the polymorphism, we used whole genome resequencing of individuals from a laboratory cross to construct a high-density linkage map, and then used trait mapping to identify 95% confidence intervals for the chromosomal regions that contain the supergene, specifically the colour locus (C), and the unlinked mid-banded locus (U). The final linkage map is made up of 215,593 markers, ordered into 22 linkage groups, with one large group making up ~27% of the genome. The C locus was mapped to a ~1.3 cM region on linkage group 11, and the U locus mapped to a ~0.7 cM region on linkage group 15. The linkage map will serve as an important resource for further evolutionary and population genomic studies of C. nemoralis and related species, as well as identification of candidate loci within the supergene and the mid-banding phenotype.
Comparative Effectiveness of School-based Exercise Interventions on Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Jin , Yang Yuhang , Zhang Junjie , Yu Huasen , Li Liqiang , Sun Youping
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Schools provide a favorable setting for health education, however, the most effective school-based exercise mode for improving physical fitness among young students remains unclear. This network meta-analysis was designed to assess and rank the comparative efficacy of six exercise modalities on physical fitness indicators in a school-based setting.
METHODS: An online search of the Web of Science, PubMed, SportDiscus, and Scopus databases was conducted. Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials of different exercise interventions were considered. Outcomes included measures of anthropometry and body composition, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Data were pooled with a random effects model using the frequentist framework.
RESULTS: A total of 66 studies with 8578 participants (48% girls) were included in the study. High-intensity interval training was the most effective intervention reducing body mass index (mean difference (MD) = -0.60 kg·m-2, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = -1.04 to -0.15), elevating VO2max (MD=3.59 mL·kg−1·min-1, 95% CI= 2.45 to 4.74), and 20-meter sprint performance (MD = -0.35 s, 95% CI = -0.55 to -0.14). Aerobic training had the highest probability of reducing waist circumference (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.60, 95% CI = -0.88 to -0.32). Active video games emerged as a promising modality for improving countermovement jump (MD = 2.43 cm, 95% CI = 0.06 to 4.80) and shuttle running performance (SMD = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.29 to 1.43). Strength training was the best exercise mode for improving standing long jump performance (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.07 to 1.98) while combined training was rated the first for decreasing body fat percent (MD = -2.56%, 95% CI = -4.73 to -0.40) and increasing push-up repetitions (SMD = 3.59, 95% CI = 0.81 to 6.37).
CONCLUSIONS: School-based exercise interventions have multiple effects on physical fitness. The findings of this study will help to inform physical education teachers and coaches how best to deliver exercise programs in a school setting. Since the study was limited by the original research, the conclusions will require further verification using high-quality randomized controlled trials.
Effect of conjugation in 4-amino phenazone based Schiff bases on their chemosensing of F- and OH- ions - Experimental and DFT study
Authors: Batool Madeeha , Farooqui Saneeya Rasheed , Gilani Mazhar Amjad , Tabassum Sobia , Junaid Hafiz Muhammad
Published: April 2023

Selectivity and sensitivity of A (1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-(N-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-pyrazolin-5-one) and B (1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-(N-2-hydroxynaphthylidene)-3-pyrazolin-5-one) toward different anions i.e. Cl-, I-, H2PO4-, Br-, SCN-, HSO4-, F- and OH- in acetonitrile was determined using naked eye sensing and UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Studies showed a prominent color change from colorless to yellow and a concomitant UV-Vis red shift on addition of F- and OH- to A and B both. In order to understand the mechanism of interaction between anions (F- and OH-) and Schiff base receptors (A and B), DFT calculations have also been performed which revealed a a proton transfer mechanism from Schiff base to F- and OH-. However, the interaction between B and OH- proved to be unstable. Moreover, a gradual increase in fluoride and hydroxide ions concentration resulted in gradual color intensification. The detection limits of fluoride were determined to be 4.09x10-5M with A, 1.32 x10-5 M with B and hydroxyl ion 2.12x10-5M with A using calibration curves. Findings of the Job’s plot investigation indicated a 1:1 binding of F-with both A and B and OH- with A. The binding constant (Ka) values of OH- and F- with A are 1.51x108 M-1 and 4.98 × 106 M-1 respectively, whereas, B has a Ka value of 2.45x103M-1 with F-.
Accelerated expansion of the Universe through inert doublet model
Authors: Muhammad Usman , Hassan Ibtehaj
Published: April 2023

Scalar fields are among the possible candidates for dark energy. This paper is devoted to the scalar fields from the inert doublet model, where instead of one as in the standard model, two SU(2) Higgs doublets are used. The component fields of one SU(2) doublet (φ1) act in an identical way to the standard model Higgs while the component fields of the second SU(2) doublet (φ2) are taken to be the dark energy candidate (which is done by assuming that the phase transition in the field has not yet occurred). It is found that one can arrange for late time acceleration (dark energy) by using an SU(2) Higgs doublet in the inert Higgs doublet model, whose vacuum expectation value is zero, in the quintessential regime.