bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role, Importance and Peculiarities of Record Cows in the Formation of High-Production Herds
Authors: M. Gukezhev Vladimir , S. Gabaev Musa , K. Zhashuev Zhamal
Published: April 2021

Throughout the history of the development of dairy cattle breeding, particular importance has always been attached to the identification and rational use of record cows. The significance of this category of breeding is determined not only by individual indicators, but also by the effect they have on the improvement of the breed and individual herds, primarily through their sons and, to a certain extent, as the ancestors of breeding families. It should be noted that the appearance of a record cow is hardly ever spontaneous or random; as a rule, valuable ancestors are found in their pedigrees, the potential of which can be manifested in descendants when creating appropriate feeding and milking conditions. In this regard, the human factor is very important. This analysis shows that in recent years, the age of the highest productivity has grown significantly in almost all breeds. It seems that this phenomenon is the result of the widespread use of Holstein cattle. If one looks at the origin of Holstein stud bulls, the sperm of which are offered for reproduction, then almost all of them are obtained from first-calf heifers, and only a few from adult cows. It is hard to escape a conclusion that we replicate animals in advance, and then wonder why cows do not have time to recoup themselves and do not reach the classical age of milk productivity – 3-5th lactation. Long-term studies show that the highest yield in the purebred Holstein herds is marked for the 2nd lactation, and then, if the animals survive, the yield decreases. The widespread opinion among Russian livestock breeders, including scientists, is that feeding is to blame for everything. Of course, the level and type of feeding is the foundation of animal health, but many farms provide 7-10 thousand kg per cow per year, and the duration of productive use is reduced, so there must be other factors.
Keywords: dairy cattle breeding, selection, stud bulls, record cows
Seed Productivity of Coenopopulations of Tulipa Gesneriana L. (Liliaceae) on the Ergeninskaya Upland (Within the Boundaries of the Republic of Kalmykia)
Authors: Lidzhieva Nina , Antonova Amulanga , Ubushaeva Saglara , Ochirova Alexandra , Ovadykova Jeanne
Published: April 2021

This article presents results on the seed productivity of populations of Tulipa gesneriana L. in the Ergeninskaya Upland (within the boundaries of the Republic of Kalmykia). This species is listed in the Red Data Books of several regions of Russia, including Kalmykia. The research objects were 4 populations of T. gesneriana growing on the Ergeninskaya Upland, which extends across the Republic territory from north to southwest on light chestnut soils of solonetzicity. The potential seed productivity of these T. gesneriana plants was 161.8-181.5 pcs. seeds per plant; the actual seed productivity was 161.8-181.5 pcs. seeds per plant; and the formation of seeds was 34.4-75.6%. All indicators of seed productivity showed significant interpopulation differences when moving from the northern part of the Upland to its southern part. A potential reserve of mature seeds per 1 meter2 , formed during the growing season, in the coenopopulations of T. gesneriana was 253.2 - 3212.8 pcs. in 2018 and 368.0 - 1121.2 pcs. in 2017 on the Ergeninskaya Upland.
Keywords: Tulipa gesneriana, coenopopulation, seed productivity, seed reserve
The Effect of Complex Feed Supplements on the Growth and Development of Long Bones in Broilers
Authors: Semak Anna , Cherepanova Nadezda , Panov Valeriy , Prosekova Elena , Kubatbekov Tursumbay
Published: April 2021

Poultry farming as one of the most intensive branches of animal husbandry, and it uses a large amount of various feed supplements in order to obtain the maximum production volume. This article presents the results of a study on the effect of feed supplements used for feeding broiler chickens. Until the age of 42 days, the chickens received a phytase-containing enzyme supplement, mineral supplements Mn and Ca in a citrate form and a vitamin supplement of 1,25-dioxycholecalciferol (vitamin D3, calcitriol). The live weight of the chickens was measured at the age of 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. The femur development of the chickens was studied through morphological methods (morphometry and histological examination). The influence of various supplements (from the combined to the mutually absorbing ones) on the growth and development of the long bones of broilers was identified.
Keywords: poultry, broilers, feed supplements, vitamin D, mineral supplements, enzyme supplements, histology, bones
Development of Meat Snack Production Technology Using Herbal Ingredients
Authors: P. Serdyukova Yana , G. Komkova Olga , S. Venetsianskiy Aleksey , L. Matveeva Elena , S. Skoba Tatyana
Published: April 2021

The relevance of the topic is obvious: snacks are very common in Russia as a product which is used to satisfy hunger on the go. But their market can be filled with both high and low-grade quality products. To be sure in the type of product, you need to know about raw materials, manufacturing technology, and methods of product identification. Moreover, modern people try to monitor their nutrition. This is evidenced by the development of such areas as functional nutrition. Therefore, snacks should not just be properly prepared, they should meet the standards of healthy nutrition. The aim of the article was to study the composition and properties of pumpkin oil, mustard cake and starter cultures of microorganisms, their influence on the quality indicators of meat snacks, the development of recipes and technologies of meat snacks with vegetable components, and the assessment of their quality, taking into account consumer preferences. Literature sources were analysed and patents were searched. This work will allow us to create competitive meat snacks that combine high consumer and functional properties, and recommend their implementation on an industrial scale at meat processing enterprises.
Keywords: meat snacks, meat and vegetable products, herbal ingredients, mustard cake, pumpkin seed oil, starter crops
Understanding Post Contractual Turbulence in Public Private Partnerships: Themes and Issues
Authors: Onyoin Moses
Published: April 2021

Although complex realities of governing Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) at the post contractual phase are emerging as major foundations of discord that threatens PPPs sustainability in developing countries (DCs), the nascent nature of the model’s application in most DCs has meant that the specific issues of concern remain obscure and scattered. Using the concept of governance as an orienting lens, an intensive analysis of one of the pioneer PPP projects in the electricity sector in Sub-Saharan Africa is undertaken to explore the main issues. The evidence is drawn from transcripts of interviews with policy, regulative, and operative actors directly involved with and/or familiar with the project. These are supplemented by a review of exclusively accessed and publicly available documents. The findings underscore the primacy of eight governance issues that are organised in three thematic areas including; the roles and responsibilities of actors, regulatory and contractual control, and emergent and complex external stakeholder behaviour. The findings essentially suggest that at the post contractual phase, (a) PPP will be challenged by context specific realities related to how the sector is organized, the prevailing sources of authority, and end user behaviour, (b) PPP agreements are incapable of precisely providing for all emergent realities thus require adaptation and/or complementation, and (c) demonstrate that responses need to be deliberately concerted as well as inclusive of context-relevant actors to guard against a) severely undermining provisions of the existing contract, b) partner (and other external stakeholder) opportunism, and c) counterproductive distortion of balance of power.
EPISIOTOMY APPLICATION FOLLOWED BY VINCRISTINE CHEMOTHERAPY OF TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOR TREATMENT IN FEMALE MONGREL: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Saputra Muhammad Rama Imam , Wandia I Nengah
Published: April 2021

Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) adalah tumor pada anjing yang dapat menular melalui proses perkawinan. Pada kasus ini, seekor anjing kampung berumur tiga tahun dengan bobot 11 kg, berjenis kelamin betina mengalami abnormalitas pada alat kelaminnya. Berdasarkan anamnesis, tanda klinis dan hasil pengujian histopatologi, anjing kasus didiagnosis mengalami TVT. Penanganan kasus TVT dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode episiotomi. Anjing diinjeksi asam traneksamat satu jam sebelum dilakukan operasi dengan dosis 10-20 mg/kgBB yaitu sebanyak 2 mL. Premedikasi menggunakan atropin sulfat dengan dosis 0,02-0,04 mg/kgBB diberikan sebanyak 1 mL subkutan. Anastesi diberikan kombinasi xylazine dengan dosis 1-3 mg/kgBB diberikan sebanyak 1 mL dan ketamin dosis 10-15 mg/kgBB diberikan sebanyak 1,3 mL intramuskuler. Episiotomi dilakukan dengan melakukan insisi pada vagina dan perineum untuk memperlebar bagian vagina sehingga memudahkan pengangkatan masa tumor. Dilanjutkan dengan penutupan daerah insisi menggunakan benang chromic catgut ukuran 3,0 dengan metode jahitan simple interrupted suture, dan diikuti dengan jahitan subcuticular untuk daerah dermis dan jahitan terakhir yaitu menggunakan benang jahit silk ukuran 2,0 dengan metode jahitan terputus. Perawatan pascaoperasi menggunakan antibiotik amoxicillin dengan dosis 10-20 mg/kgBB yang diberikan sebanyak 1/3 tablet dan analgetik asam mefenamat dengan dosis 10-30 mg/kgBB yang diberikan sebanyak 1/5 tablet secara per oral selama lima hari. Anjing diberikan obat kemoterapi vincristin sulfat dengan dosis 0,025 mg/kgBB dan diberikan sebanyak 0,27 mL secara intravena pada hari ke-4 pascaoperasi. Vincristin sulfat diberikan dua kali dengan interval satu minggu. Hasil penanganan mendapatkan hasil yang baik, perdarahan berhenti pada hari ke-2 pascaoperasi, luka insisi mengering pada hari ke-7.
UNILATERAL RHINITIS IN LOCAL CAT WITH CLEFT PALATE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Takariyanti Dzikri Nurma'rifah , Batan I Wayan , Erawan I Gusti Made Krisna
Published: April 2021

Rhinitis adalah peradangan pada selaput lendir hidung. Masalah ini umum dan sering terjadi pada kucing. Penyakit ini dapat timbul dari sejumlah gangguan intranasal atau sistemik. Seekor kucing lokal betina berumur satu tahun dengan bobot badan 2,2 kg diperiksa dengan keluhan adanya leleran pada hidung sebelah kiri dan sering bersin disertai dengan dahak dan bercak darah. Pemeriksaan klinis menunjukkan adanya pembengkakan limfonodus mandibularis sebelah kiri, ditemukan lubang pada langit-langit mulut (cleft palate). Auskultasi paru-paru normal terdengar bunyi vesikular. Pemeriksaan hematologi menunjukkan adanya trombositosis yang menunjukkan adanya peradangan. Hewan didiagnosis rhinitis dan ditangani dengan pemberian antibiotik cefadroxin monohidrat dua kali sehari dan bromhexine sebagai terapi simptomatis satu kali sehari secara per oral. Hari ketujuh setelah pengobatan kucing kasus sudah tidak bersin dan tidak ada leleran yang keluar dari hidung.
Conformable Diferensiyel Denklemlerin Genelleştirilmiş Kudryashov Yöntemiyle Tam Çözümleri
Authors: Akbulut Arzu , Kaplan Melike
Published: April 2021

Lineer olmayan conformable diferensiyel denklemler matematiksel fizikte önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu denklemlerin tam çözümlerinin elde edilmesi, son yıllarda oldukça ilgi çeken bir çalışma alanı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu makalede, conformable üçüncü mertebeden modifiye KdV denklemi ve conformable Boussinesq denkleminin tam çözümleri genelleştirilmiş Kudryashov yöntemi kullanılarak bulunmuştur. Bu yöntem, lineer olmayan conformable denklemlerin tam çözümlerini elde etmede kullanılan etkili bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmadaki bütün hesaplamalar Maple paket programı kullanılarak yapılmış ve elde edilen çözümler denklemlerde yerine konularak doğruluğu teyit edilmiştir. Ayrıca elde edilen çözümlerin grafiklerine de yer verilmiştir. Elde edilen çözümler, matematiksel fizik ve mühendislik alanlarında önemli kullanım alanlarına sahip olma potansiyeline sahiptirler.
La docencia en pandemia a través del cristal. Misión del docente ante el nuevo horizonte
Authors: Úcar-Ventura Pilar
Published: April 2021

La autora nos expresa sus vivencias como docente atrapada por la pandemia COVl-19 y obligada a la enseñanza remota; y, ademas, coincidentemente, al hecho de padecer de una enfermedad hematol6gica que agravó su confinamiento.
Transformación digital del periodismo impreso en el Perú en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Paico-Zumaeta Emiliano
Published: April 2021

Se da a conocer cómo ha sido afectado el periodismo impreso en el Perú ante la irrupción de la pandemia de la COVID-19 y las estrategias que se han realizado para afrontar la embestida del virus SARS-Cov-2. Se destaca la importancia del periodismo impreso en tiempo de pandemia, las muertes de los periodistas a consecuencia de la COVID-19, los despidos, disminuciones salariales y agresiones a periodistas; asimismo, la disminución de las ventas de los medios impresos, la publicidad y las suscripciones. Igualmente, la incursión rápida a la tecnología digital y sus efectos en la implantación del trabajo remoto y en los cambios en horarios laborales.
Pioneros de los agujeros negros despejaron dudas de Einstein
Authors: Castromonte-Salinas Juvenal
Published: April 2021

En el presente artículo se describe, cómo están relacionados el trabajo de un teórico Roger Penrose, y dos “observadores”, Reinhard Genzel y Andrea Ghez, para escudriñar en el centro de la Vía Láctea un “objeto supermasivo”, conocido ahora como un “agujero negro”.
Las tijeras genéticas: premio nobel de química del 2020
Authors: De Stefano-Beltrán Luis
Published: April 2021

El autor nos presenta a Emmanuelle Charpentier y Jennifer Doudna ganadoras del Premio Nobel de Química 2020 por haber desarrollado una de las técnicas más precisas de edición genética conocida como CRISPR/Cas9 o tijeras genéticas.
Epidemiological survey for dental trauma among 12-year-old children in Erbil City, Iraq
Authors: Younus Mohamed Salim , Ahmed Karam
Published: April 2021

Background: Dental injury and trauma are some of the most important public health concerns among school children that may require immediate management, as they could result in consequences affecting the child aesthetically, psychologically and socially. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental trauma, the type of fracture, the most commonly affected tooth and the effect of gender on the occurrence of dental trauma. Methods: The methodology of this study was a cross-sectional survey consisting of a questionnaire and an oral examination which was conducted on 12-year-old public primary school children. Schools were selected from five different areas of Erbil city in Iraq. Results: The results indicate that 16.3% of the sample were affected with dental trauma in both genders. Maxillary central incisor was the most commonly affected tooth, and the majority of dental traumas were untreated. The most common type of dental trauma was simple enamel fracture. Conclusions: Child students are at great risk regarding dental trauma, which may affect their social activity especially within their school life.
The comparative Micro-CT analysis on trabecular bone density between hydroxyapatite gypsum puger scaffold application and bovine hydroxyapatite scaffold application
Authors: Naini Amiyatun
Published: April 2021

Background: Generally, after tooth extraction, trauma is caused by bone damage, which leads to a decreased bone density. Bone damage repair should be conducted using a bone graft containing hydroxyapatite (HA). HA can be synthesised from gypsum puger powder, which is abundant and easy to obtain. Hydroxyapatite gypsum puger (HAGP) was successful with 100% hydroxyapatite purity level. Purpose: To compare the ratio of trabecular bone density in Wistar rats between HAGP scaffold application and bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) scaffold application. Methods: This study is a laboratory experiment using 6 treatment groups, namely K (-) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 7, K (-) PEG 28, HAGP + PEG 7, HAGP + PEG 28, BHA + PEG 7, and BHA + PEG 28. HAGP scaffold freeze-drying. The rats were anaesthetised intramuscularly, and their left mandibular incisor was removed. The scaffold was applied to the mouse socket, followed by tissue decapitation after 7 and 28 days. The examination was carried out with micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Next, statistical analysis using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was conducted (p <0.05). Results: The ANOVA test result showed a difference in bone density between the treatment and control groups on days 7 and 28. The Least Significant Difference (LSD) test result revealed that there was no significant difference between K (-) PEG 28 and HAGP + PEG 7 (p=0.133). Nevertheless, there were significant differences between the other groups. Conclusion: Based on the Micro-CT analysis, the trabecular bone density in Wistar rats following HAGP scaffold application is higher than that of BHA scaffold application.
Correlation between salivary zinc levels and salivary volume on taste disorders in elderly patients
Authors: Permatasari Dewi Kania Intan , Dewi Tenny Setiani , Herawati Dewi Marhaeni Diah
Published: April 2021

Background: Taste disorders often occur in the elderly, which can have serious consequences on their health status. Zinc and saliva volume have a role in maintaining taste acuity, especially in the elderly. Purpose: This study was to determine the correlation between salivary zinc levels, salivary volume, and taste disorders in elderly patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional research. Elderly patients with and without taste disorders were included in this study. Salivary zinc levels were measured using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) method. Salivary volume was measured using the spitting method. The correlation between salivary zinc levels, salivary volume, and taste disorders was analysed using the chi-square test. Multivariate analysis was performed to control for confounding variables with logistic regression. Results: Based on our findings, no significant correlation was determined between the levels of zinc in saliva and taste disorders. However, there was a significant correlation between salivary volume and taste disorders. Salivary volume and smoking were determined to be associated with taste disorders. Conclusion: This research showed that salivary zinc levels were not correlated with taste disorders; on the contrary, salivary volume was correlated with taste disorders. Smoking was determined to be a confounding variable on taste disorders in elderly patients.
High-Tech Start-Ups in World and Russia
Authors: Cherednikov O.
Published: April 2021

The author argues that internationalization of national high-technology start-ups and global circulation of brains are objectively interrelated processes which the intensity will steadily grow in mid-term period. It would be completely unreasonable and useless to try to confront this trend. In this connection we need to theoretically study the nature of the abovementioned phenomena amd to look for practical measures aimed at providing the maximum benefits for the Russian high-technology start-ups which are the nuclei of the domestic innovation system.
Ethno-Confessional Factor and US Policies in Countries of Greater Middle East
Authors: Ustinov E.
Published: April 2021

The article considers cardinal changes and the new power balance in the Greater Middle East which is one of key regions of the world. Special attention is paid to the role of the external actors, primarily to the USA which substantially influences the processes in the regions. The author proposes an in-depth analysis of modern approaches and instruments used by Washington for benefitting from its political and military presence in the region. In this context the utilization of the ethno-confessional factor is studied in details, in particular the execution of HTS program.
Prospects of Economic Cooperation between Republic of Korea and Russia (A Look from Seoul)
Authors: Yong L.
Published: April 2021

The Russian drive for economic modernization, improvement of the investment climate and development of the regional infrastructure provides an optimistic look at the prospects of broadening of the economic cooperation between Republic of Korea and Russia. Currently the level of such cooperation is not sufficient. The Korean companies behave apprehensively while considering the projects of investment. The main tasks now are to map out a new strategy of cooperation with Russia, to make stress on regional ties, to determine the key projects in different industries of the Russian economy wit.
Return of Primakov (1985–1989)
Authors: Cherkasov P.
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the activities of IMEMO during Yevgeny Primakov’s directorship (1985 - 1989), which coincided with Gorbachev's Perestroika. The author shows the role of Primakov in the reorientation of IMEMO’s research in order to meet new challenges set by Perestroika. These challenges required structural reorganization of the Institute and ongoing review of priorities in scientific investigations.
Invisible Labor in Economies of Asia and Africa
Authors: Bragina E.
Published: April 2021

The paper shows the duality and inconsistency of informal employment in the countries of Asia and Africa. At the one hand, it helps millions of humans to survive, at the other hand, it negatively affects the nations’ economic growth.
Geo-Economic Risks of Ukraine and Russia under Conditions of Dissociation
Authors: Kuznetsov A.
Published: April 2021

The low effectiveness of Russia's and Ukraine's dissociated integration into the global economic space is ascertained. The necessity of joining Russian and Ukrainian efforts to restore the indivisible economic complex as the only acceptable way of countering the globalization challenges is educed.
Idea of World Development in Context of World Science Knowledge
Authors: Cheshkov M.
Published: April 2021

This article contains considerations regarding the world development idea as it is conceived by the author in the frame of a special world studies knowledge, presented in the fundamental work edited by A. Petrov (What the Catching-Up Development Pursues. Search for the Concept. Collected Works. M., 2011). It is attempted to enounce the main ideas of the author's world development concept perception and his vision, in terms of the science studies knowledge.
Ideological and Political Evolution of Labour Party in the late XX – at the Beginning of XXI Centuries
Authors: Rabotyazhev N.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to ideological and political changes of the British Labour Party in the late XXth and at the beginning of the XXIst centuries. The author considers the main characteristic features of the British Labourism, the causes of the Labour Party’s crisis in the late 70-s, and the ideological renewal of the party during the following years. The modernization of the Labour Party under Tony Blair’s leadership, main principles of “The New Labourism” and “The Third Way”, and the evolution of the Labour Party under Blair’s successors are also thoroughly analyzed. The author comes to a conclusion that the New Labourism wasn’t a rupture with Labour tradition, but rather its new interpretation.
Effect of Crisis on EU Foreign and Defence Policy
Authors: Oznobishcheva G.
Published: April 2021

The publication is devoted to problems debated at the Academic Board session in IMEMO which took part on January 30, 2013. The main report "Effect of Crisis on EU Foreign and Defence Policy" was delivered by Dr. Sci. (Political Science) N.K. Arbatova, Head of Department on European Political Studies at IMEMO. The fellow workers of IMEMO – Academician of RAS A.A. Dynkin (chairman), Academician of RAS A.G. Arbatov, Dr. Sci. (Economics) S.A. Afontsev, Cand. Sci. (History) K.V. Voronov, Cand. Sci. (Political Science) E.S. Gromoglasova, Dr. Sci. (Technology) V.Z. Dvorkin, G.I. Machavariani, Cand. Sci. (History) S.K. Oznobischev, Dr. Sci. (Philosophy) V.I. Pantin: Cand. Sci. (Political Science) S.V. Utkin, Dr. Sci. (Economics) V.L. Sheinis, – as well as Cand. Sci. (Political Sciences) N.Yu. Kaveshnikov (Professor at MGIMO-University of Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Russia), Cand. Sci. (Political Science) O.Yu. Potemkina (Head of Center on European Integration, Institute of Europe RAS), Cand. Sci. (History) N.V.Yurieva (Assoc. Prof. at the Chair for World Political Processes, MGIMO-University of Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Russia) also took part in the discussion.
Foreign Economic Ties of Russia: from Trade to Production and Investment Model
Authors: Zuikov R.
Published: April 2021

The problem of transition to innovation economic development type in Russia is regarded in the article as interdependent with the model of external economic relations (EER), in the context of positions held by Russia in the global economic cooperation system. The theoretical consideration of the innovation high-tech economy development problem in Russia, its full-fledged integration into global economy is suggested on the ground of the world-system and geo-economical approaches methodology conjunction. The author attempts to define possible ways of the EER model transformation which allow to overcome constraints and to use positive factors of the global economic system in order to form the innovation high-tech development model in Russia.
Will Eurasian Economic Union Substitute Common State of Belarus and Russia?
Authors: Suzdal'tsev A.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the problem investigation of the Common State of Belarus and Russia (a political stage of the Russian-Belarusian integration) preservation and development. Up to date, the Common State remains a desk-top state formation, which has no central presidence, legislative, executive and judicial power, citizenship, emblem, flag etc. In the context of the Customs Union – Common Free Market Zone – Eurasian Economic Union integration project development, which includes Kazakhstan alongside Russia and Belarus, the Common State faces the intrinsic problem of survival. Being in stagnation since 2007, this formation gradually evolves, seeks to adapt for a fast-changing situation in the Post-Soviet space.
Zigzags of Israeli Democracy. Elections 2013
Authors: Nosenko T.
Published: April 2021

The general elections of 2014 did not bring significant changes to the Israeli political scene. The Likud party repeated its performance of the previous elections and came out first, although with a slightly reduced number of vote. Accordingly, Benjamin Netanyahu stays on as a prime minister. His chief partner and rival, foreign minister Avigdor Lieberman, leader of the party “Our Home Israel”, also retained his positions. Quite surprising was a high percentage of vote, obtained by Yair Lapid’s party “We Have the Future”, as well as “The Jewish Home“, led by a fast ascending politician Naftali Bennet.
Geopolitical Factors of U.S. Energy Security System Formation
Authors: Telegina E. , Tadzhiev M.
Published: April 2021

According to judgemental forecasts, in the next few years the revolutionary changes in the energy complex both in the USA and in the world in general are hardly possible, considering the enormous inertia of the energetic system and high expenses coming from the infrastructure supersession, even in case of cost-effective alternatives to the existing energy commodities. At the same time, the sharpening of energy security problems resulting from the growth of a global demand on energy products leads to perceprion of necessity for a new approach to forming the global energy market, and to development of new stability and reliability strategies maintenance for assured supplies of energy products. In recent years, the USA as the biggest consumer of energy resources in the world worked out a new national strategy of energy security provision. Its main targets are: meeting the requirements of the American economy of its own resources, lowering the import-dependence level, high use of innovation technologies, significant increase of investments in alternative energy sources, as well as of resource-and energy-saving.
Current State and Prospect of Internal Political Development in Ukraine: Main Scenarios
Authors: Grishin I.
Published: April 2021

This publication presents information of the roundtable which took place in the editorial office of the MEMO Journal in April 2013. The roundtable participants' presentations aimed at analysing of the most important Ukraine political development aspects and tendencies, as well as educing of probable scenarios of the Ukrainian internal dynamics in the coming years. In particular, it was suggested that the Ukrainian policy fluctuation amplitude will nothing but increase.
The Crisis of Secularism in India
Authors: Abramov D.
Published: April 2021

Received 11.01.2020. The article discusses the problem of the decline in the spirit of Indian secularism, both in connection with the significant loss of popularity of the INC party and the general crisis of liberal values in the world, examines the reasons for the complication of intercommunal dialogue and the reduction of public space for tolerance. The understanding of such key ideas as secularism, religious tolerance, multiculturalism, pluralism in political culture and society determines not only its prospects on its path to modernization, but also determines the fate of these societies. In addition to the ideological confrontation around the listed concepts within the Indian political system, the study examines the special role of educational institutions at all levels and the media in expanding the space of public dialogue and also outlines the difficulties faced by the country’s political institutions. Based on the examples of recent experience in resolving the Kashmir problem and the adoption of the Citizenship Law, an attempt is made to assess the mutual influence of the secular self-awareness of Indians and religious dynamics in a complex structured Indian society on political processes. The paper assesses the impact of the Hindutva ideology on reducing the degree of secularity in modern India and the role of the Sangh Parivar family (Hindu ethno-nationalist organizations) in the course of the country’s forced “saffronization” policy.
Biological Cloth Face Coverings - The Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza (H1N1) Infectivity by ViruferrinTM Treatment
Authors: Medina Magues Emily , Stedman Anna , Hope Paul , Osorio Jorge E.
Published: April 2021

Fabric material was coated with Viruferrin™ and tested for its inactivating properties against the pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A viruses. A statistically significant (p<0.0001) decrease in the number of infectious virus particles exposed to Viruferrin-treated fabric when compared with the cotton control for both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A viruses was observed. For both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A, Viruferrin-treated fabrics experienced a > 99% virus reduction without saliva after five minutes of contact when compared to the positive control at time point 0. Furthermore, the reusability of the Viruferrin treated fabric was demonstrated by stability for up to 10 washes. The level of anti-viral (SARS-CoV-2) activity remained constant from 5 to 10 washes and demonstrated a significant difference (p<0.0001) from the unwashed untreated material. Applications for this treated fabric are far-reaching, and as a biological face covering offers not only a unique 2-way protection but also is unlikely to cause onward touch transmission.
Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Lifestyle Behaviors and their Association with Personality Among Adults in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Abdi Tamara , Heraclides Alexandros , Papageorgiou Alexia , Philippou Elena
Published: April 2021

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) resulted in lockdowns and social distancing measures enforced by governments. Using a cross-sectional design, this study aimed to identify changes in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and physical activity (PA) and associations with personality, during lockdown in Qatar. A sample of 543 participants was recruited online between April and May 2020. Results showed a reduction in Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence during lockdown (5.9 ± 0.08) compared to before lockdown (6.1 ± 0.08) (p ˂ 0.001). Although there was an increase in the percentage of participants who consumed ≥4 tablespoons olive oil per day (9% vs 12%; p ˂ 0.001), vegetables (54.3% vs 58.7%; p = 0.005), legumes (11.8% vs 15.3%; p = 0.007) and sofrito (70.9% vs 77.3%; p ˂ 0.001), there was also a significant decrease in the percentage of participants who consumed fresh fruit (39.4% vs 15.8%; p ˂ 0.001) and fish/seafood (5.9% vs 3.9%; p = 0.035) and an increase in saturated fat consumption (45.9% vs 53.8%; p ˂ 0.001), during lockdown compared to before lockdown. Participants who scored high in the extraversion personality dimension had a higher MD adherence (B = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.04, 1.64; p = 0.039) before lockdown compared to participants who scored high in the agreeableness personality dimension, although this difference did not reach statistical significance during lockdown. Those who scored high in openness had the lowest change in MD adherence score (B = -0.31; 95% CI = -0.58, -0.04; p = 0.026). Total PA (B = -506.26; 95% CI = -678.60, -333.92; p ˂ 0.001), vigorous activity (B = -155.95; 95% CI = -274.64, - 38.21; p = 0.010), moderate activity (B = -93.04; 95% CI = -148.07, -38.01; p = 0.010) and walking (B = -257.27; 95% CI = -337.87, -176.67; p ˂ 0.001) were decreased during lockdown, while sitting was increased compared to before lockdown (B = 940.91, 95% CI = 831.9, 1049.90; p ˂ 0.001). Openness was positively associated with all PA (B = 562.2; 95% CI = 62.7, 106.7; p = 0.027), including walking (B = 241.7; 95 % CI = 29.4, 454.0; p = 0.026) and negatively associated with sitting (B= -303.4; 95% CI = -590.0; -16.8; p = 0.038) when compared to those with high agreeableness scores, before lockdown. During lockdown, the time spent sitting was lower in those with high scores on neuroticism when compared to those with high agreeableness scores (B= -619.5; 95 % CI = -1215,-23.9; p = 0.042). Differential changes in lifestyle habits by personality dimensions during lockdown, suggest the need to tailor lifestyle interventions based on people’s personality types, for more effective lifestyle change.
Agro-Industrial Avocado (Persea americana) Waste Biorefinery
Authors: Mora-Sandí Anthony , Ramírez-González Abigail , Castillo-Henríquez Luis , Lopretti-Correa Mary , Vega-Baudrit José Roberto
Published: April 2021

Significant problems have arisen in the last years, such as climate change, global warming, and hunger. These complications are correlated with the depletion and exploitation of natural resources and environmental contamination. Due to overcrowding, the list of challenges for the next few years is growing. A comprehensive approach was made to the agro-industrial production of Avocado (Persea americana) and the management of all its biomass waste. So, bioprocesses and biorefinery can be used to produce high added-value products. A large number of residues are composed of lignin and cellulose. They have many potentials to be exploited sustainably for chemical and biological conversion; physical, chemical, and natural treatments improve the following operations. There are some applications to many fields such as pharmaceutical, medical, material engineering, and environmental remediation. Possible pathways are mentioned to take advantage of Avocado as biofuels, drugs, bioplastics, and even in the environmental part and emerging technologies such as nanotechnology using bioprocesses and biotech. In conclusion, Avocado and its waste could be transformed into high value-added products in industries above to mitigate global warming and save non-renewable energy.
Time for a Paradigm Shift in Animal Nutrition Metabolic Pathway: Dietary Inclusion of Organic Acids on the Production Parameters, Nutrient Digestibility and Meat Quality Traits of Swine and Broilers
Authors: Rathnayake Dhanushka , Mun Hong Seok , Dilawar Muhammad Ammar , Baek Kwang Soo , Yang Chul Ju
Published: April 2021

Because the application of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) causes accelerated adverse effects on the animal diet, the scientific community has taken progressive steps to enhance sustainable animal productivity without using AGP in animal nutrition. Organic acids (OAs) are non-antibiotic feed additives and a promising feeding strategy in the swine and broiler industry. Mechanistically, OAs improve productivity through multiple and diverse pathways: (a) reduction of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by reducing the gut pH; (b) boosting the digestibility of nutrients by facilitating digestive enzyme secretion and increasing feed retention time in the gut system; (c) having a positive impact and preventing meat quality deterioration without leaving any chemical residues. Recent studies have reported the effectiveness of using encapsulated OAs and synergistic mechanisms of OAs combinations in swine and broiler productivity. On the other hand, the synergistic mechanisms of OAs and the optimal combination of OAs in the animal diet are not completely understood, and further intensive scientific explorations are needed. Moreover, the ultimate production parameters are not similar owing to the type of OAs, concentration level, growth phase, health status of animals, hygienic standards, and environmental factors. Thus, those factors need to be considered before implementing OAs in feeding practices. In conclusion, the current review evaluated the basics of OAs, mode of action, novel strategies to enhance utilization, influence on growth performances, nutrient digestibility, quality traits, and meat preservation of swine and broilers and their potential concerns regarding utilization.
High Concentration of Heavy Metal and Metalloid Levels in Edible Campomanesia adamantium Pulp from Anthropic Areas
Authors: Machate David Johane , Melo Elaine S. Pádua , Arakaki Daniela G. , Guimarães Rita de Cássia Avellaneda , Hiane Priscila Aiko , Bogo Danielle , Pott Arnildo , Nascimento Valter Aragão de
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to quantify the extent of heavy metal, non-metal and metalloid level of Campomanesia adamantium pulp obtained from area crossed by road of the high large vehicle traffic and intensive agriculture modern farm, and for monitoring the health risks associated with pulp human consumption. For this purpose, three spots located between this area, ripe fruits were collected in roadside, bush and margin-farm. Pulp samples were digested by microwave-assisted equipment, and mineral elements were quantified by ICP OES. The mineral elements average demonstrated no statistical difference observed between this pulp (p > 0.05). The heavy metals and metalloid concentrations that exceeded FAO/WHO standards are ordered Pb > As > Mo > Co > Ni > Mn > Cr. Therefore, among these metalloid and heavy metals, As, Pb and Cr were found higher in farm-margin > roadside > bush (1.5 × 10-3, 1.1 × 10-3 and 6.2 × 10-4) respectively. Therefore, As is the most important metalloid with higher levels in farm-margin, roadside and bush (1.5 × 10-3, 1.1 × 10-3 and 6.2 × 10-4 > 10-6–10-4 and 3.33, 2.30 and 1.34 > 1) respectively, to total cancer risk and hazard quotient, if 100 g daily of pulp are consumed.
On the Structural Peculiarities of Self-Reinforced Composite Materials Based on UHMWPE Fibers
Authors: Zherebtsov Dmitry , Chukov Dilyus , Royaud Isabelle , Ponçot Marc , Larin Ilya , Statnik Eugene S. , Drozdova Taisia , Kirichenko Alexey , Salimon Alexey , Sherif Galal , Besnard Cyril , Korsunsky Alexander M.
Published: April 2021

The structure of self-reinforced composites (SRCs) based on ultra-high molecular weight 21 polyethylene (UHMWPE) was studied by means of Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering (WAXS), X-Ray 22 tomography, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and in situ tensile testing 23 in combination with advanced processing tools like Avizo, ImageJ, and Ncorr to determine the cor-24 relation between the processing conditions, on the one hand, and the molecular structure and 25 mechanical properties, on the other. SRCs were fabricated by hot compaction of UHMWPE fibers at 26 different pressure and temperature combinations without addition of polymer matrix or softener. 27 It was found by WAXS that higher compaction temperatures led to more extensive melting of 28 fibers with the corresponding reduction of the Herman’s factor reflecting the degree of molecular 29 orientation, while the increase of hot compaction pressure suppressed the melting of fibers within 30 SRCs at a given temperature. X-Ray tomography proved the absence of porosity while polarized 31 light Raman spectroscopy measurements for both longitudinal and perpendicular fiber orienta-32 tions showed qualitatively the anisotropy of SRC samples. SEM revealed that the matrix was 33 formed by interlayers of molten polymer entrapped between fibers in SRCs. Moreover, in situ 34 tensile tests demonstrated the increase of Young’s modulus and tensile strength with increasing 35 temperature.
Tired, Worried and Burned Out But Still Resilient: A Cross-Sectional Study of Mental Health Workers During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pappa Sofia , Barnett Joshua , Berges Ines , Sakkas Nikolaos
Published: April 2021

The burden of COVID-19 pandemic on health systems and the physical and mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) has been substantial. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the effects of Covid-19 on the psychological wellbeing of mental health workers who provide care to a vulnerable patient population that have been particularly affected during this crisis. A total of 387 HCWs from across a large urban mental health service completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, lifestyle and work-based information and validated psychometric scales. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) respectively, sleep problems with the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and resilience with the Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine potential mediating factors. Prevalence of burnout was notable, with 52% recording moderate/severe in Emotional Exhaustion, 19.5% moderate/severe in Depersonalisation and 55.5% low/moderate Personal Accomplishment. Over half of all respondents (52%) experienced sleep problems; the presence of depressive symptoms was a significant predictor of insomnia. An increase in potentially harmful lifestyle changes, such as smoking, alcohol consumption and over-eating was also observed. However, high Resilience was reported by 70% of the sample and the importance of this is highlighted. Female gender was associated with increased levels of depression and emotional exhaustion while those with a history of mental health conditions were most at risk of affective symptoms, insomnia and burnout. Overall, our study revealed considerable levels of psychological distress and maladaptive coping strategies but also resilience and satisfaction with organizational support provided. Findings can inform tailored interventions in order to mitigate vulnerability and prevent long-term psychological sequelae.
Self-Management Intervention of Elderly Hypertension: A Literature Review
Authors: Wijayanti Endah Sri , Glorino Rumambo Pandin Moses
Published: April 2021

Background: Indonesia is an archipelago with various cultured, will bee affects all aspects of people's lives, including beliefs related to health behavior and health care. One problem that needs serious attention is the elderly group because the elderly are a vulnerable group who have a high risk of experiencing health problems, such as anemia with hypertension, so they need good care management. The research objective was to determine self-management intervention for hypertensive elderly. Methods: This research is a literature review with five databases (Scopus, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Proquest), the study design used is an experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional, and review systematic, in March 2021. Guidelines for using JBI to measure quality and listing check out Prisma in this review guide. A feasibility study based on title, abstract, full text, and research methodology. The data analysis used narrative analysis based on the research findings. Results: Twelve articles met the predefined review inclusion criteria. The study found eight interventions for self-management in elderly hypertension, namely: 1) Knowledge of hypertension, 2) Regulation of physical activity, 3) Limitation of alcohol and cigarette consumption, 4) Sleep rest and stress management, 5) Diet and body weight management, 6) Blood pressure control, 7) Family and social support, 8) Adherence to therapy regimens. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study results obtained eight elderly self-management interventions, this done properly will affect compliance in optimizing the health of the elderly.
Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic and Natural Sources on PM10: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland
Authors: Mach Tomasz , Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta , Bralewska Karolina , Majewski Grzegorz , Rogula-Kopiec Patrycja , Rybak Jutyna
Published: April 2021

The paper presents data from a monthly campaign for the elemental composition of PM10 in a specific receptor Kotórz Mały (Opole Voivodeship) located in the vicinity of a moderately inhabited rural area, measured in one-hour samples with the use of the PX-375 analyzer by the Horiba company. The hourly variability of SO2, NO, NO2, CO, O3 concentrations as well as the variability of meteorological parameters were also determined. On average, during the entire measurement period, the elements related to PM10 can be arranged in the following order: As<V<Ni<Pb<Cr<Mn<Cu<Ti<Zn<K<Fe<Ca<Al<Si<S. Trace elements, including toxic elements, such as As, V, Ni, Pb, Cr, Mn, were present in low concentrations, not exceeding 10 ng/m3 (average daily value). These elements had fairly even concentrations, daily and hourly. The concentrations of the main elements in the PM10 in the receptor are subject to strong hourly changes related not only to changes in the structure of the sources identified in the statistical analysis but mainly to wind speed and direction changes (soil and sand particles pick-up and inflow of pollutants from coal combustion). It has been shown that the transport emission in the receptor can have an intense effect on PM10 in the afternoon.