bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of emergency pediatric breast ultrasound interpretations and management recommendations between pediatric radiologists and breast imaging radiologists
Authors: Nguyen Derek L. , Ambinder Emily B. , Mullen Lisa A. , Oluyemi Eniola T. , Dunn Emily A.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Pediatric patients with breast-related symptoms often initially present to the emergency department for evaluation. While pediatric radiologists are accustomed to evaluating acute infectious and traumatic etiologies, they may be less familiar with breast-specific findings. This study compares management recommendations of pediatric breast ultrasounds performed in the emergency setting between pediatric and breast imaging radiologists.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study reviewed data from all pediatric breast ultrasounds performed in the emergency setting from a single academic institution from 1/1/14 to 12/31/19. During the study period, 12 pediatric radiologists with experience ranging from 1 to 33 years interpreted pediatric breast ultrasounds. Three breast imaging radiologists (with 3, 8, and 25 years of experience) retrospectively reviewed each case and recorded whether further management was recommended. Differences in recommendations were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Cohen’s kappa was used to assess agreement between subspecialty radiologists.

Results

This study included 75 pediatric patients, with mean age 13 ± 5.6 years and malignancy rate of 1.3% (1/75). Pediatric radiologists and the most experienced breast imaging radiologist had moderate agreement in management recommendations (k = 0.54). There was no significant difference in recommendations for further management between pediatric radiologists (22/75 [29.3%]) and the most experienced breast imaging radiologist (15/75 [20.0%]), p = 0.26.

Conclusion

Recommendations for pediatric breast complaints in the emergency setting are comparable between subspecialties.
Workplace gossip and the evolution of friendship relations: the role of complex contagion
Authors: Estévez José Luis , Wittek Rafael , Giardini Francesca , Ellwardt Lea , Krause Robert W.
Published: August 2022

Gossip is a pervasive phenomenon in organizations causing many individuals to have second-hand information about their colleagues. However, whether it is used to inform friendship choices (i.e., friendship creation, friendship maintenance, friendship discontinuation) is not that evident. This paper articulates and empirically tests a complex contagion model to explain how gossip, through its reputational effects, can affect the evolution of friendship ties. We argue that hearing gossip from more than a single sender (and about several targets) impacts receivers’ friendships with the gossip targets. Hypotheses are tested in a two-wave sociometric panel study among 148 employees in a Dutch childcare organization. Stochastic actor-oriented models reveal positive gossip favors receiver-target friendships, whereas negative gossip inhibits them. We also find evidence supporting that, for damaging relationships, negative gossip needs to originate in more than a single sender. Positive gossip about a high number of targets discourages friendships with colleagues in general, while negative gossip about many targets produces diverging trends. Overall, the study demonstrates that second-hand information influences the evolution of expressive relations. It also underscores the need to refine and extend current theorizing concerning the multiple (and potentially competing) psychological mechanisms causing some of the observed effects.
Glasnost, Please, in Marxology Too
Authors: Merquior J. G.
Published: August 2022

As Joan Robinson put it so well, marxism is the opium of the Marxists — and the opium often works its effect on the Marxist mind by means of convoluted conceptual loops, many of them associated with stubborn exercises in essentialist labelling: what is Marxism? Who are the true Marxists? Who are the (self-appointed) Marxists unworthy of such a tag in the eyes of the custodians of the doctrine?
Mhande Dance in the Kurova Guva Ceremony: An Enactment of Karanga Spirituality
Authors: Rutsate Jerry
Published: August 2022

During my youth, the fact that I am of Karanga descent gave me exposure to mhande dance performances for clan rituals (mapira) that venerate the family or clan ancestral spirits. These ritual ceremonies were held regularly in my rural home community in Bikita district in Masvingo province, Zimbabwe. Mhande dance performance involves singing, drumming, and dancing. The hallmark of my lived experience of mhande was double-edged: fascination and bewilderment. On the one hand, the interlocking drum patterns produced by two drummers in each performance fascinated me most; on the other hand, the dance features left me wondering what they were meant to achieve because I did not enjoy watching them, yet they appeared to be the hub of each ceremony.
Looking Both Ways: Gi Songs and Musical Exoticism in Post-World War II Japan
Authors: Waseda Minako
Published: August 2022

GI songs orshinchū-gun songuin Japanese are legacies of the U.S. occupation of Japan, which started in 1945 with Japan's defeat in the Pacific War. Although the occupation officially ended in 1952, many American soldiers continued to arrive and remained in Japan even after 1952. This was due to the outbreak of the Korean War (1950-53), which made Japan America's advance base. GI songs generally refer to compositions addressed to American soldiers stationed in Japan during this occupation period and through the 1950s.
Maternal pregnancy-related infections and autism spectrum disorder—the genetic perspective
Authors: Nudel Ron , Thompson Wesley K. , Børglum Anders D. , Hougaard David M. , Mortensen Preben B. , Werge Thomas , Nordentoft Merete , Benros Michael E.
Published: August 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders which include deficits in behavior, social interaction and communication. ASD has a complex genetic architecture, and it is also influenced by certain environmental exposures. Both types of predisposing factors may be related to immunological mechanisms, involving, for example, immune system genes and infections. Past studies have shown an association between infections occurring during the pregnancy in the mother and increased risk of ASD in the child, an observation which has received recent support from experimental animal studies of ASD-like behavior. The aim of this study was to study the genetic contribution to this effect. We employed genetic correlation analyses across potential ASD subtypes stratified on the basis of maternal pregnancy-related infections within the iPSYCH ASD case-cohort sample, as well as a case-case GWAS. We validated the trends of the genetic correlation analyses observed in our sample using GWAS summary statistics from the PGC ASD study (excluding iPSYCH). The genetic correlation between ASD with a history of maternal pregnancy-related infections and ASD without a history of maternal infections in iPSYCH was rg = 0.3811. We obtained a similar estimate between the former and the PGC ASD phenotype (rg = 0.3997). Both estimates are lower compared to the genetic correlation between ASD without a history of maternal infections and the PGC ASD phenotype (rg = 0.6735), and between ASD with a history of maternal infections occurring only more than 2 months following childbirth and the PGC ASD phenotype (rg = 0.6293). Additionally, we observed genetic variance between the two main ASD phenotypes using summary statistics from the case-case GWAS in iPSYCH (h2cc = 0.1059), indicating genome-wide differences between the phenotypes. Our results suggest potentially different etiologies of ASD based on a history of maternal pregnancy-related infections, which may, in part, be genetic. This highlights the relevance of maternal pregnancy-related infections to genetic studies of ASD and provides new insights into the molecular underpinnings of ASD.
Phenotypically-defined stages of leukemia arrest predict main driver mutations subgroups, and outcome in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Vergez François , Largeaud Laetitia , Bertoli Sarah , Nicolau Marie-Laure , Rieu Jean-Baptiste , Vergnolle Inès , Saland Estelle , Sarry Audrey , Tavitian Suzanne , Huguet Françoise , Picard Muriel , Vial Jean-Philippe , Lechevalier Nicolas , Bidet Audrey , Dumas Pierre-Yves , Pigneux Arnaud , Luquet Isabelle , Mansat-De Mas Véronique , Delabesse Eric , Carroll Martin , Danet-Desnoyers Gwenn , Sarry Jean-Emmanuel , Récher Christian
Published: August 2022

Classifications of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients rely on morphologic, cytogenetic, and molecular features. Here we have established a novel flow cytometry-based immunophenotypic stratification showing that AML blasts are blocked at specific stages of differentiation where features of normal myelopoiesis are preserved. Six stages of leukemia differentiation-arrest categories based on CD34, CD117, CD13, CD33, MPO, and HLA-DR expression were identified in two independent cohorts of 2087 and 1209 AML patients. Hematopoietic stem cell/multipotent progenitor-like AMLs display low proliferation rate, inv(3) or RUNX1 mutations, and high leukemic stem cell frequency as well as poor outcome, whereas granulocyte–monocyte progenitor-like AMLs have CEBPA mutations, RUNX1-RUNX1T1 or CBFB-MYH11 translocations, lower leukemic stem cell frequency, higher chemosensitivity, and better outcome. NPM1 mutations correlate with most mature stages of leukemia arrest together with TET2 or IDH mutations in granulocyte progenitors-like AML or with DNMT3A mutations in monocyte progenitors-like AML. Overall, we demonstrate that AML is arrested at specific stages of myeloid differentiation (SLA classification) that significantly correlate with AML genetic lesions, clinical presentation, stem cell properties, chemosensitivity, response to therapy, and outcome.
No evidence of moral licensing in a laboratory bribe-taking task
Authors: Bahník Štěpán , Vranka Marek
Published: August 2022

Moral licensing posits that previous moral acts increase the probability of behaving immorally in the future. According to this perspective, rejecting bribes, even because they are too small, would create a kind of “license” for taking (presumably larger) bribes in the future. On the other hand, the desire for consistency in behavior predicts that previous rejection of bribes will increase the probability of rejection for bribes offered in the future. Using a laboratory task modeling the decision to take a bribe, we examined how resisting and succumbing to the temptation to take a bribe affects later bribe-taking. Participants (N = 297) were offered either low bribes first and high bribes later or vice versa. Low bribes were in general rejected more often and the results showed some weak, nonsignificant evidence that bribe-taking may be influenced by the order of the sizes of offered bribes. However, there was no evidence of an increased probability of taking bribes after being offered the low bribes first and thus no evidence in support of the moral licensing effect.
Cross-calibration of two dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry devices for the measurement of body composition in young children
Authors: Lyons-Reid Jaz , Kenealy Timothy , Albert Benjamin B. , Ward Kate A. , Harvey Nicholas , Godfrey Keith M. , Chan Shiao-Yng , Cutfield Wayne S.
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to cross-calibrate body composition measures from the GE Lunar Prodigy and GE Lunar iDXA in a cohort of young children. 28 children (mean age 3.4 years) were measured on the iDXA followed by the Prodigy. Prodigy scans were subsequently reanalysed using enCORE v17 enhanced analysis (“Prodigy enhanced”). Body composition parameters were compared across three evaluation methods (Prodigy, Prodigy enhanced, iDXA), and adjustment equations were developed. There were differences in the three evaluation methods for all body composition parameters. Body fat percentage (%BF) from the iDXA was approximately 1.5-fold greater than the Prodigy, whereas bone mineral density (BMD) was approximately 20% lower. Reanalysis of Prodigy scans with enhanced software attenuated these differences (%BF: − 5.2% [95% CI − 3.5, − 6.8]; and BMD: 1.0% [95% CI 0.0, 1.9]), although significant differences remained for all parameters except total body less head (TBLH) total mass and TBLH BMD, and some regional estimates. There were large differences between the Prodigy and iDXA, with these differences related both to scan resolution and software. Reanalysis of Prodigy scans with enhanced analysis resulted in body composition values much closer to those obtained on the iDXA, although differences remained. As manufacturers update models and software, researchers and clinicians need to be aware of the impact this may have on the longitudinal assessment of body composition, as results may not be comparable across devices and software versions.
Multiple sclerosis diagnosis and phenotype identification by multivariate classification of in vivo frontal cortex metabolite profiles
Authors: Swanberg Kelley M. , Kurada Abhinav V. , Prinsen Hetty , Juchem Christoph
Published: August 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease for which diagnosis continues to rely on subjective clinical judgment over a battery of tests. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) enables the noninvasive in vivo detection of multiple small-molecule metabolites and is therefore in principle a promising means of gathering information sufficient for multiple sclerosis diagnosis and subtype classification. Here we show that supervised classification using1H-MRS-visible normal-appearing frontal cortex small-molecule metabolites alone can indeed differentiate individuals with progressive MS from control (held-out validation sensitivity 79% and specificity 68%), as well as between relapsing and progressive MS phenotypes (held-out validation sensitivity 84% and specificity 74%). Post hoc assessment demonstrated the disproportionate contributions of glutamate and glutamine to identifying MS status and phenotype, respectively. Our finding establishes1H MRS as a viable means of characterizing progressive multiple sclerosis disease status and paves the way for continued refinement of this method as an auxiliary or mainstay of multiple sclerosis diagnostics.
Self-sustained non-equilibrium co-existence of fluid and solid states in a strongly coupled complex plasma system
Authors: Hariprasad M. G. , Bandyopadhyay P. , Nikolaev V. S. , Kolotinskii D. A. , Arumugam S. , Arora G. , Singh S. , Sen A. , Timofeev A. V.
Published: August 2022

A complex (dusty) plasma system is well known as a paradigmatic model for studying the kinetics of solid-liquid phase transitions in inactive condensed matter. At the same time, under certain conditions a complex plasma system can also display characteristics of an active medium with the micron-sized particles converting energy of the ambient environment into motility and thereby becoming active. We present a detailed analysis of the experimental complex plasmas system that shows evidence of a non-equilibrium stationary coexistence between a cold crystalline and a hot fluid state in the structure due to the conversion of plasma energy into the motion energy of microparticles in the central region of the system. The plasma mediated non-reciprocal interaction between the dust particles is the underlying mechanism for the enormous heating of the central subsystem, and it acts as a micro-scale energy source that keeps the central subsystem in the molten state. Accurate multiscale simulations of the system based on combined molecular dynamics and particle-in-cell approaches show that strong structural nonuniformity of the system under the action of electostatic trap makes development of instabilities a local process. We present both experimental tests conducted with a complex plasmas system in a DC glow discharge plasma and a detailed theoretical analysis.
Human ankle joint movements during walking are probably not determined by talar morphology
Authors: Wolf Peter , Moor Roman , Lundberg Arne , Nester Christopher , Arndt Anton , Graf Eveline
Published: August 2022

Knowledge about the orientation of a representative ankle joint axis is limited to studies of tarsal morphology and of quasistatic movements. The aim of our study was therefore to determine the development of the axis orientation during walking. Intracortical bone pins were used to monitor the kinematics of the talus and tibia of five healthy volunteers. The finite helical axis was determined for moving windows of 10% stance phase and its orientation reported if the rotation about the axis was more than 2°. A representative axis for ankle dorsi- and plantarflexion was also estimated based on tarsal morphology. As reported by literature, the morphology-based axis was inclined more medially upwards for dorsiflexion than for plantarflexion. However, when a mean of the finite helical axis orientations was calculated for each walking trial for dorsiflexion (stance phase 15–25%) and for plantarflexion (stance phase 85–95%), the inclination was less medially upwards in dorsiflexion than in plantarflexion in four out of five participants. Thus, it appears that the inclination of a representative ankle joint axis for dynamic loading situations cannot be estimated from either morphology or quasi-static experiments. Future studies assessing muscle activity, ligament behaviour and articulating surfaces may help to identify the determining factors for the orientation of a representative ankle joint axis.
In-vivo pharmacokinetic studies of Dolutegravir loaded spray dried Chitosan nanoparticles as milk admixture for paediatrics infected with HIV
Authors: K Priya Dharshini , D Ramya Devi , S Banudevi , B. Narayanan Vedha Hari
Published: August 2022

Dolutegravir (DTG) is an antiretroviral drug approved in the year 2013, and being categorized as a BCS-II molecule, it possesses solubility issues. In order to enhance the solubility and improve its bioavailability, DTG-loaded Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized utilizing spray drying technology. The developed nanoformulation was characterized for its physicochemical properties and investigated for the feasibility of its administration through an oral route along with milk/food as an admixture for paediatric antiretroviral therapy. The in vivo oral bioavailability studies were conducted in Balb-C mice, where the animals were treated with the selected formulation of DTG-loaded Chitosan NPs and compared to pure DTG. The NPs exhibited 2.5-fold increase in the Cmax (77.54 ± 7.93 μg/mL) when compared to the pure DTG (30.15 ± 8.06 μg/mL). This phenomenon was further reflected by the improved bioavailability of DTG (AUC: 678.3 ± 10.07 μg/h/mL) in the NPs administered to mice when compared to the AUC of animals administered with pure DTG (405.29 ± 7 μg/h/mL). Altogether, the research findings showed that Chitosan-based NPs were ideal carriers for oral administration of DTG along with milk and exhibited great potential to enhance the bioavailability of the drug and treatment adherence for paediatric HIV patients.
A Pleistocene Fight Club revealed by the palaeobiological study of the Dama-like deer record from Pantalla (Italy)
Authors: Cherin Marco , Breda Marzia , Esattore Bruno , Hart Vlastimil , Turek Jiří , Porciello Francesco , Angeli Giovanni , Holpin Sofia , Iurino Dawid A.
Published: August 2022

Here, we report on the exceptionally well-preserved deer record from the locality of Pantalla (central Italy), dated in the Early Pleistocene (ca. 2.1–2.0 million years ago). The fossils show a combination of characters that allows an unambiguous attribution to ‘Pseudodama’ nestii, of which they represent one of the most informative collections to date. Our comparisons—also conducted through CT-based methods on endocranial structures—reveal that the cranial and postcranial skeleton of ‘P.’ nestii displays a mosaic of intermediate characters between extant Dama and Cervus, but also that the affinities with Dama are prevalent. Some Cervus-like features especially in cranial morphology, can be interpreted as plesiomorphic characters supporting a basal position of ‘Pseudodama’ among the Cervini. Interestingly, three bone anomalies are described in the two male crania of ‘P.’ nestii from Pantalla and are interpreted as palaeotraumatological evidence resulting from different injuries suffered by the deer during their life. This allows opening a treasure trove of information on paleobiological aspects, including ontogeny and antler cycle and function.
S-Pred: protein structural property prediction using MSA transformer
Authors: Hong Yiyu , Song Jinung , Ko Junsu , Lee Juyong , Shin Woong-Hee
Published: August 2022

Predicting the local structural features of a protein from its amino acid sequence helps its function prediction to be revealed and assists in three-dimensional structural modeling. As the sequence-structure gap increases, prediction methods have been developed to bridge this gap. Additionally, as the size of the structural database and computing power increase, the performance of these methods have also significantly improved. Herein, we present a powerful new tool called S-Pred, which can predict eight-state secondary structures (SS8), accessible surface areas (ASAs), and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) from a given sequence. For feature prediction, S-Pred uses multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of a query sequence as an input. The MSA input is converted to features by the MSA Transformer, which is a protein language model that uses an attention mechanism. A long short-term memory (LSTM) was employed to produce the final prediction. The performance of S-Pred was evaluated on several test sets, and the program consistently provided accurate predictions. The accuracy of the SS8 prediction was approximately 76%, and the Pearson’s correlation between the experimental and predicted ASAs was 0.84. Additionally, an IDR could be accurately predicted with an F1-score of 0.514. The program is freely available athttps://github.com/arontier/S_Pred_Paperandhttps://ad3.ioas a code and a web server.
Wax based oleogels and their application in sponge cakes
Authors: Wettlaufer Till , Flöter Eckhard
Published: August 2022

The functionalities of wax-based oleogels in sponge cakes, a product with a high potential of substitution (fat-rich product) was investigated.
Molecular evidence for improved tribological performances of MoDTC induced by methylene-bis(dithiocarbamates) in engine lubricants
Authors: Kiw Yu Min , Adam Pierre , Schaeffer Philippe , Thiébaut Benoît , Boyer Chantal , Obrecht Nicolas
Published: August 2022

A newly-discovered ligand transfer from methylene-bis(dithiocarbamates) to molybdenum dithiocarbamates (MoDTC) leads to MoDTC regeneration and results in enhanced fuel economy upon engine functioning.
Enhanced stability of nitrogen doped porous carbon fiber on cathode materials for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wu Xi , Jie Xiaohua , Liang Xinghua , Li Suo , Lan Lingxiao , Xie Dan , Liu Yusi
Published: August 2022

The conductive network of nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofibers was successfully prepared by the template method. The doping of nitrogen and the synergistic effect of mesopores and micropores reduce the energy barrier of Li+ migration in the material.
Effects of different tempering temperatures on the properties of industrial sheet margarine
Authors: Gao Houbin , Gao Wei , Yang Xiaomin , Liu Yuanfa , Wang Zhouping
Published: August 2022

Tempering conditions have significant effects on the microstructure, physicochemical properties and application functionalities of ISM.
Gold nanocrystals: optical properties, fine-tuning of the shape, and biomedical applications
Authors: Li Meng , Wei Jianlu , Song Yang , Chen Feiyong
Published: August 2022

The present review focuses on the properties and preparation of Au NCs with different morphologies as well as their important applications in biological detection.
Cardiac glycosides from Digitalis lanata and their cytotoxic activities
Authors: Yang Hong-Ying , Chen Ya-Xiong , Luo Shangwen , He Yi-Lin , Feng Wei-Jiao , Sun Yue , Chen Jian-Jun , Gao Kun
Published: August 2022

Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are good candidates as drug leads in the treatment of cancer because of their structural diversities and potent biological activities.
Multi‐criteria techno‐economic analysis of solar photovoltaic/wind hybrid power systems under temperate continental climate
Authors: Liu Gang , Zeng Jie , Wu Yanjie , Liao Shengming
Published: August 2022

Climate conditions significantly affect the energy conversion behaviour of solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) power systems. However, the quantified relationship between the systems performance and regional climate data remains unclear. This study aims to reveal the techno‐economic performance of renewable power systems under temperate continental climate based on a multi‐criteria analysis. Through simulating the systems’ long‐term operation by collecting the local meteorological data and equipment costs as inputs, solar photovoltaic/wind hybrid renewable power systems in fourteen representative cities of Xinjiang province were assessed and optimized. The results show that there is an obvious linear correlation between technical and economic indicators and solar radiation or wind speed, and the fitting effects with wind speed are always better. In Xinjiang, photovoltaic systems in almost all cities have satisfactory technical and economic performance, but the wind power systems in most cities are not profitable and even lead to unpleasant investment losses. Sensitivity analysis shows that both climatic conditions and feed‐in tariff have a negative impact on the system costs. These findings obtained from this study would provide theoretical support for further rationally enhancing penetration for renewable energy generation in contemporary distribution networks.
Frequency stabilization of a hybrid three‐area power system equipped with energy storage units and renewable energy sources
Authors: Elsaied Mohamed Mostafa , Abdel Hameed Walid Helmy , Hasanien Hany M.
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a three‐area system tied together with tie lines. During the intervals of power mismatch, the system frequency deviates beyond the nominal value with an oscillatory response and the system may go to instability mode. The main purpose of the control strategy is optimizing the frequency fluctuations of the three areas and the deviations in the three tie line powers. This is achieved by three controllers as follows: the Tilt‐Integral‐Derivative (TID) controller, the Fractional Order Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (FOPID), and the Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (PID) controller. The three controllers are optimized by a new metaheuristic optimization algorithm based on the jellyfish behaviour in the ocean called the Jellyfish Search (JS) Optimizer. To prove the algorithm validity, it is compared with previous optimization techniques that have been applied to the study field such as Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Furthermore, renewable energy sources are implemented in the system such as wind energy and photovoltaic based on real data. Finally, energy storage devices (ESDs) like superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), capacitor energy storage (CES), and battery energy storage (BES) are implemented to improve the system behaviour due to the intermittent behaviour in the renewable sources.
Sparse sensor-based flow estimation with spectral proper orthogonal decomposition
Authors: Gambassi Henrique , Ziadé Paul , Morton Chris
Published: August 2022

The application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in developing sensor-based estimators for unsteady flows has become an active area of research over the last decade. One of the challenges in this area is the selection of a low-dimensional subspace that enables the ANN to reconstruct relevant spatiotemporal dynamics in the flow, as both sparsity and interpretability are simultaneously desired. The present study demonstrates the use of a flow-estimation framework based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks and the time-domain Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (SPOD) [Sieber et al., “Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition,” J. Fluid Mech. 792, 798–828 (2016)], which was proposed as an extension to the traditional POD. The two-cylinder flow selected for analysis in this study is referred to as the “flip-flop” regime for exhibiting intermittent changes in the phase alignment of the vortices shed by the two cylinders. This flow has dynamics occurring over a wide range of frequencies, and it was selected to demonstrate the usefulness of SPOD in characterizing the wake dynamics of periodic wake flows and to determine if it can provide a better subspace for training and estimation when compared to POD. It was found that a particular SPOD basis obtained with an empirically determined filter length completely separated the frequency centered phenomena present in the spectrum of the most energetic POD modes into different modes. These new SPOD modes were observed to have a direct relationship with the vortex dynamics in the flow, providing direct access to the antiphase and in-phase flow states. The LSTM neural networks estimation capacities were very similar across all the modal spaces investigated, performing well regardless of whether the frequency content of the modal space used for training and estimation was found superimposed in the spectrum of the most energetic modes (POD) or separated into different modes (SPOD). Further investigation is required to determine if this result holds for turbulent flows.
Physical mechanism of aluminum contamination presented in H2O2 plasma sterilization
Authors: Hou Ruixiang , Xie Ziang , Li Xiaomin , Zhang Yan , Zhang Chuangnian , Shi Hongwei , Bai Yu , Zhang Yang , Zhao Muhua , Gao Ang , Zheng Cui , Guo Zifang
Published: August 2022

In this paper, it is first demonstrated that Aluminum (Al) contamination is present; H2O2 plasma sterilization is widely used for sterilization of surgical instruments. The contamination amount of Al can reach as high as 7.9 × 1012 atoms/cm2. Aluminum is well known as a harmful element to human health, which may damage bones and the brain. During the use of the surgical instruments after H2O2 plasma sterilization in surgery, the contaminated Al may enter and reside in the human body and threaten the health and even life safety. Therefore, it is necessary to study the Al contamination present in H2O2 plasma sterilization to arouse public attention and take countermeasures. The physical mechanism of the Al contamination presented in H2O2 plasma sterilization is diffusion. In our previous study, we developed two physical models for calculating the diffusion coefficient. In this study, both models are used to calculate the diffusion coefficient of the contaminated Al in sterilized Si samples. From the calculation results, it is inferred that the contamination mechanism of Al presented in H2O2 plasma sterilization is closer to the model, where the diffusion coefficient value is a function of the plasma treatment time.
Thermal, structural, morphological, functional group and first cycle charge/discharge study of Co substituted LiNi1−x-0.02Mg0.02CoxO2 (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08) cathode material for LIBs
Authors: Parajuli D. , Murali N. , Samatha K. , Veeraiah V.
Published: August 2022

LiNi1−x-0.02Mg0.02CoxO2 compounds with x = 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 compositions are prepared by the solid-state method. Their thermal, structural, morphological, functional, and first cycle charge/discharge studies were carried out with the help of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/differential thermal analysis (DTA), XRD, SEM, FTIR, and a biologic galvanostat respectively. The TGA/DTA analysis shows their structural stability up to 800 °C. α-NaFeO2 with a layered hexagonal-rhombohedral structure with lattice parameters a = 2.868 Å and c = 14.217 Å and the space group R3̄m was found with the help of their XRD pattern. The intensity ratio is close to 1.2 or more, which indicates that there is no cation-mixing. The structure factor (R) is less than 0.5, indicating their structural stability. The particles are fine and homogeneously distributed with the capacity of cyclability and charge/discharge. The grain size is found to be 3.19, 2.78, 4.83, 4.13, and 5.09 µm for x = 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08, respectively. The frequency of stretching and bending increased with Co doping and changed the covalency of the M–O bond. The sample with cobalt concentration x = 0.02 is found to be the most efficient one (∼90% capacity retention and 176.61/174.17 mA h g−1 charge/discharge capacity) among the five. Hence, cobalt substitution of an appropriate amount in combination with magnesium, a cheaper element, is still a more exotic cathode material in Ni-rich lithium-ion batteries.
Effect of back pressure and divergent section contours on aerodynamic mixture separation using convergent–divergent micronozzles
Authors: Sukesan Manu K , R Shine S
Published: August 2022

A numerical investigation of the aerodynamic separation associated with converging–diverging two-dimensional planar micronozzles is reported. The impact of divergent section shapes such as linear, bell, and trumpet, the effect of different back pressure conditions, and the associated flow and separation features are studied. Simulations used the direct simulation Monte Carlo method and are validated with the available experimental data. The lateral separation effect is found to be influenced by the nozzle divergent section shape. The separation performance of micronozzles of different throat sizes indicates the dependence of the exit Kn on separation performance. The bell shape of the divergent section produced higher flow alignment, a thicker subsonic layer, more reduction in exit velocity, and lower separation performance than linear and trumpet shapes. The divergent section with a trumpet shape is preferred for higher species separation performance. The back pressure conditions at the exit of the nozzle are found to play a significant role in the curvature of streamlines and flow characteristics, which may play a vital role in mixture separation performance.
Coupling quantum emitters in metal–insulator–metal heterostructure: Green tensor approach in the quasi-static limit
Authors: Li Ruiqi
Published: August 2022

Coupling between quantum emitters (QEs) has been a topic extensively explored in recent years. Theoretical models based on the Lindblad master equation and mapping to cascaded quantum system has shed light to the chiral coupling phenomena from the aspect of microscopic quantum electrodynamics. Different from dissipative systems investigated in previous literature, we investigate the QE–QE coupling in Hermitian and pseudo-Hermitian systems by considering a multi-layered metal–insulator–amplifying metal heterostructure that represents the two kinds of system by adjusting the damping factor of the metallic layers. Our investigation is restricted in the quasi-static regime that gives qualitative conclusion without loss of simplicity. From the aspect of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics, the explanation of the coupling process is based on the dyadic Green’s function. We clearly reveal the different coupling characteristics of differently polarized transition dipole moments.
Constitutive activation of a nuclear-localized calcium channel complex in
Medicago truncatula
Authors: Liu Haiyue , Lin Jie-Shun , Luo Zhenpeng , Sun Jongho , Huang Xiaowei , Yang Yang , Xu Ji , Wang Yong-Fei , Zhang Peng , Oldroyd Giles E. D. , Xie Fang
Published: August 2022

Nuclear Ca
2+
oscillations allow symbiosis signaling, facilitating plant recognition of beneficial microsymbionts, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, and nutrient-capturing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Two classes of channels, DMI1 and CNGC15, in a complex on the nuclear membrane, coordinate symbiotic Ca
2+
oscillations. However, the mechanism of Ca
2+
signature generation is unknown. Here, we demonstrate spontaneous activation of this channel complex, through gain-of-function mutations in
DMI1
, leading to spontaneous nuclear Ca
2+
oscillations and spontaneous nodulation, in a
CNGC15
-dependent manner. The mutations destabilize a hydrogen-bond or salt-bridge network between two RCK domains, with the resultant structural changes, alongside DMI1 cation permeability, activating the channel complex. This channel complex was reconstituted in human HEK293T cell lines, with the resultant calcium influx enhanced by autoactivated DMI1 and CNGC15s. Our results demonstrate the mode of activation of this nuclear channel complex, show that DMI1 and CNGC15 are sufficient to create oscillatory Ca
2+
signals, and provide insights into its native mode of induction.
Phosphonated MWCNT-Poly(2, 5-Benzimidazole): an improved nanocomposite membrane for high-temperature fuel cells
Authors: Nayak Ratikanta , Goenka Reeshab , Bhosale Amit C , Ghosh Prakash C
Published: August 2022

The physicochemical properties and proton conductivity are two important parameters of an effective polymer electrolyte membrane for a high-temperature fuel cell (HTPEMFC) (120 °C–180 °C). In this work, a novel composite membrane is prepared by poly (2, 5-Benzimidazole) (ABPBI) polymer matrix together with phosphonated multiwall carbon nanotube (PMWCNT) using the solvent casting method. The membrane typically exhibits fin-like projections due to the addition of PMWCNTs as characterised by SEM micrographs. The membrane also demonstrates enhanced proton conductivity and mechanical strength of 0.16 S cm−1 and 33 MPa respectively compared to pristine doped ABPBI membrane. Interestingly, the fabricated membrane is found to absorb the acid 2.15 times the pristine membrane whereas, acid leaching out per unit absorbed acid is reduced by 2.17 times compared to that of pristine membrane. Open circuit potential of 0.87 V with a fuel cell assembled with the composite membrane underlines better control on fuel crossover delivering a peak power density of 275.0 mW cm−2 compared to 212.8 mW cm−2 for the pristine membrane. Such enhancement in the power density (∼30%) is thus observed by tuning the polymer electrolyte hybrid nanocomposite membrane properties through functionalisation.
A Friendship Ex Libris – Karl Wolfskehl, Salman Schocken, and their Libraries
Authors: Schneidawind Julia
Published: August 2022

The following article explores the question of how the biographies of the two German-Jewish collectors and bibliophiles Karl Wolfskehl and Salman Schocken are still connected today through their book collections. Schocken acquired Wolfskehl's library in 1937, not only enabling Wolfskehl to go into exile, but also saving the approximately 3,000-volume collection from destruction. The article traces the origins and development of both libraries in the context of Wolfskehl's and Schocken's lives with reference to their individual understanding of collecting, and discusses how the sale of the collection led to a friendly, if not uncomplicated, long-term connection between the two, which can still be traced through their books and libraries today.
Impact of spinal cord stimulation on sick leave and disability pension in patients with chronic neuropathic pain: a real-world evidence study in Sweden
Authors: Söreskog Emma , Jacobson Trolle , Kirketeig Terje , Fritzell Peter , Karlsten Rolf , Zethraeus Niklas , Borgström Fredrik
Published: August 2022

Current research indicates that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has a positive short-term impact on outcomes, such as quality of life, pain, and productivity in patients with chronic neuropathic pain. However, there is a need for studies on larger population samples. This study used data from Swedish national registers to analyze change and predictors of sick leave and disability pension 2 years before and after SCS treatment. Patients with SCS implanted between 2006 and 2017, and a reference group consisting of 5 individuals matched to each SCS patient without replacement with respect to age, sex, and region of residence, were included. A difference-in-difference approach was used to compare the average change (2 years after treatment vs 2 years before treatment) in net disability days and indirect cost related to disability days for the SCS group, compared with the average change for the reference group. The results showed that SCS treatment in Sweden is associated with a decrease of 21 disability days and consequent decrease in indirect cost of €4127 in working age patients. Large work loss prior to index date was also demonstrated (average 214 days before 1 year), indicating a significant burden on the patient, employers, and the society at large. The number of disability days varied considerably depending on age, sex, socioeconomic variables, and comorbidities; however, the effect of SCS seemed to have little association with patient characteristics. This economic benefit needs to be considered, as well as the clinical outcome, when evaluating the full societal value of SCS.
The Dynorphin/Kappa Opioid Receptor mediates adverse immunological and behavioral outcomes induced by repetitive blast trauma
Authors: Lee Suhjung Janet , Logsdon Aric F. , Yagi Mayumi , Baskin Britahny M. , Peskind Elaine. R. , Raskind Murray M. , Cook David G. , Schindler Abigail. G.
Published: August 2022

Background

Adverse pathophysiological and behavioral outcomes related to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and chronic pain are common following blast exposure and contribute to decreased quality of life, but underlying mechanisms and prophylactic/treatment options remain limited. The dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system helps regulate behavioral and inflammatory responses to stress and injury; however, it has yet to be investigated as a potential mechanism in either humans or animals exposed to blast. We hypothesized that blast-induced KOR activation mediates adverse outcomes related to inflammation and affective behavioral response.

Methods

C57Bl/6 adult male mice were singly or repeatedly exposed to either sham (anesthesia only) or blast delivered by a pneumatic shock tube. The selective KOR antagonist norBNI or vehicle (saline) was administered 72 hours prior to repetitive blast or sham exposure. Serum and brain were collected 10 minutes or 4 hours post-exposure for dynorphin A-like immunoreactivity and cytokine measurements, respectively. At one-month post-exposure, mice were tested in a series of behavioral assays related to adverse outcomes reported by humans with blast trauma.

Results

Repetitive but not single blast exposure resulted in increased brain dynorphin A-like immunoreactivity. norBNI pretreatment blocked or significantly reduced blast-induced increase in serum and brain cytokines, including IL-6, at 4 hours post exposure and aversive/anxiety-like behavioral dysfunction at one month post exposure.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate a previously unreported role for the dynorphin/KOR system as a mediator of biochemical and behavioral dysfunction following repetitive blast exposure and highlight this system as a potential prophylactic/therapeutic treatment target.
The role of CSR in high Potential recruiting: literature review on the communicative expectations of high potentials
Authors: Boehncke Gerrit Adrian
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify what attention science pays to CSR communication for the process of career orientation and employer decision-making by the critical sought after top talent.

Design/methodology/approach

The review is structured as a systematic literature review of the CSR–HRM intersection. In 11 EBSCO online databases one of several “CSR-terms” was combined with one of several “HRM-terms”.

Findings

Although CSR has long been recognized as a relevant factor for organizational attractiveness (Greening and Turban, 2000) and talent attraction and its importance is reflected in the ongoing “war for talent” (Chamberset al., 1998) in which (prospective) leaders are considered a critical human resource for corporate success (Ansoff, 1965), few contributions are focusing on successfully recruited future leaders/high potentials.

Practical implications

There is a knowledge gap about the importance of CSR in high potential recruiting, which influences both resource-strong decisions on the company side and the communication behavior of applicants. Companies only know about a general CSR relevance for employees and applicants. Accordingly, no attention-optimized CSR communication can take place. In the highly competitive battle for the attention of high potentials, this leads to undifferentiated communication formats. At the same time, high potentials may not receive the CSR information of interest to them from an employer at the relevant time and therefore cannot present an optimal fit in the cover letters and thus cannot prove themselves as ideal candidates.

Originality/value

CSR is not only an obligatory field of communication for companies, but also a special opportunity in recruiting the young value-oriented generations Y and Z. The research on CSR communication in the course of their career decision has not been covered in a review so far, the research situation is thus explicitly addressed for the first time and practical implications for the post COVID-19 employer brand and recruiting communication are addressed.
Facilitator reflections on online delivery of simulation-based mental health education during COVID-19
Authors: O'Sullivan Owen P. , Bignell Anita , Powell Jennifer , Parish Sandra , Campbell Lloyd , Iannelli Hannah , Attoe Chris , Billon Grégoire
Published: August 2022

Purpose

During COVID-19, Maudsley Simulation successfully pivoted to fully online delivery of simulation-based education (SBE) in mental health. In migrating digitally, the simulation faculty experienced a range of new phenomena and challenges. The authors’ experiences may be transferable to other specialities and for other educator groups. By sharing the authors’ experiences, this study aims to support others adapt to online SBE.

Design/methodology/approach

This piece represents the authors’ collective reflections on the challenges of adapting their facilitation skills to the online environment. It also offers various suggestions on how to improve the learner experience in view of these challenges.

Findings

Beyond merely platform orientation and operating procedure familiarisation, the team gained insights into ensuring optimal learning, engagement and participant experience during online deliveries. Delivery of online SBE brings several potential barriers to psychological safety and these warrant careful consideration by experienced simulationists.

Practical implications

Optimising participant engagement and psychological safety remain key considerations despite this novel medium. Facilitators must be willing to adapt accordingly to begin delivering high-quality online SBE.

Originality/value

From their experience, facilitators must reframe their debriefing expectations and adjust how they engage participants and manage group dynamics given the inherently different nature of this new learning environment.
Exploring the application of the uses and gratifications theory as a conceptual model for identifying the motivations for smartphone use by e-tourists
Authors: Moon Jang-Won , An Yuting , Norman William
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to adopt the uses and gratifications theory to tourism.