bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bienestar animal durante el período de engorde de bovinos
Authors: Munilla M E. , Lado M. , Vittone J S. , Romera S A.
Published: March 2020

En Argentina los siste-mas de producción de carne se encuentran frente al desafío de intensificar los procesos para responder a la demanda mundial de proteínas de origen animal. Además de incrementar la producción, es indiscutible la consideración del bienestar animal durante la etapa de producción primaria. Brindar bienestar a los animales es una responsabilidad humana que debe considerar diferentes aspectos como alojamiento adecuado, manejo, nutrición, prevención y tratamiento de enfermedades. El objetivo de la presente actualización fue reunir información respecto de la evolución ocurrida en los sistemas de en-gorde de bovinos y de los efectos de la intensificación sobre el bienestar animal y la producción de carne.
Estudio radiológico de cabritos suplementados con enrofloxacina
Authors: Galotta M L. , Moscuzza C H. , F.Cirelli A
Published: March 2020

El uso de antibióticos en medicina veterinaria está asociado a la prevención y tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas, así como a una acción promotora del crecimiento. En este contexto, la enrofloxacina es un antibiótico ampliamente utilizado. Por otro lado, la información del uso de esta droga en crías de pequeños rumiantes es escasa. El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar radiograficamente a cabritos suplementados diariamente con enrofloxacina. Los animales fueron alimentados con leche en polvo de vaca, reconstituida con el agregado del antibiótico (5 mg/kg/día). A los 70 días de edad se realizó un estudio radiológico, utilizando un animal control para las comparaciones. El estudio demostró un marcado aumento en la densidad cortical y ósea de las articulaciones anteriores de los animales que consumieron la droga. Se encontró que el uso de este esquema de administración provocó alteraciones articulares en la especie caprina.
Evaluación de títulos de anticuerpos contra la enfermedad infecciosa bursal en gallinas de traspatio
Authors: Duarte A , Méndez G , Gómez H , Alvarenga D , Castro L
Published: March 2020

La enfermedad infecciosa bursal (EIB), representa una de las principales patologías que afecta a las poblaciones avícolas de traspatio. La infección es producida por un virus altamente contagioso que ocasiona importantes pérdidas económicas, principalmente asociada con inmunosupresión. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar niveles de anticuerpos en gallinas de traspatio de la ciudad de Curuguaty, Paraguay. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de 16 aves aparentemente sanas, sin distin-ción de sexo ni edad, que no habían recibido vacunación. La técnica serológica utilizada fue ELISA de tipo indirecto. Del total de muestras analizadas un 37,5% presentó títulos de anticuerpos contra la EIB. Considerando el sexo, machos y hembras revelaron 100% y 16,3% de positividad, respectivamente. La mayor cantidad de casos se reportó en aves jóvenes de 3 a 6 meses de edad. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la existencia de cepas circulantes del virus de la EIB a campo, por lo cual es necesaria la implementa-ción de programas de control capaces de erradicar el agente causal.
Caracterização agroclimática de Bagé, RS
Authors: Cordeiro Ana Paula Assumpção , Alves Rita de Cássia Marques , Rocha Mauricio Barbosa da
Published: March 2020

O estudo objetivou a caracterização agroclimática de Bagé, RS, através das variáveis meteorológicas, estimadas e derivadas do balanço hídrico seriado de 1961 a 2016. O balanço hídrico mensal foi calculado por Thornthwaite-Mather (1955) e a evapotranspiração de referência, por Priestley & Taylor (1972) para capacidade de água disponível de 100 mm. A precipitação pluvial anual é 1.518 mm e a mensal é 127 mm. A insolação anual é 2.233 horas e a mensal é 186 horas. As médias anuais de temperatura do ar (mínima, média e máxima) são 13,3; 18,5 e 23,8 °C, respectivamente. A umidade do ar anual é 72%. A velocidade do vento anual é 3,1 m.s- 1. O saldo de radiação anual é 9 MJ.m²-.dia¹-. A evapotranspiração anual de referência é 1.155 mm e a real é 989 mm. Os déficits hídricos são mínimos de abril a outubro e máximos em janeiro e dezembro, quando os índices hídricos são mínimos. O excesso hídrico é máximo em julho e mínimo em janeiro. De novembro a março, há alta frequência de índices hídricos baixos. Na primavera a disponibilidade hídrica é maior que no outono, pois as primaveras são mais chuvosas e os outonos, mais quentes. Todas variáveis apresentam alta variabilidade interanual.
Formasi Rohani
Authors: Pellokila Selfi
Published: March 2020

Building intimacy with God is a necessity. Spiritual growth is an acknowledgment of God's weaknesses and grace. An open heart that accepts Christ will be open to those whom Christ has received. The three aspects of Daniel's decision are following God wholeheartedly, establishing a position from the beginning of his life, and Daniel's victory is preparation. The routine time and discipline of spiritual practice must be emphasized by Christians and the beauty of the Christian life. We don't always appreciate growing in grace. the authors conducted a study with a type of qualitative descriptive study. Growth in grace and divine obedience grows in God's favor. Sometimes we replace true spiritual growth with other things that are considered important. We shine from the fruit of the Spirit that is produced to glorify our Father. Obedience is in the life of Jesus to understand all of His works. Application of a life of growth in moral obedience through His understanding of the word of God. Knowledge and understanding of the word of God will always lead us in the life of the Christian faith. Growth in Christian life by enjoying meditation about the greatness of His love.
Sentence processing: How words generate syntactic structures in the brain
Authors: Martorell Jordi , Morucci Piermatteo , Mancini Simona , Molinaro Nicola
Published: March 2020

Language comprehension relies on the fundamental ability to create meaningful syntactic structures from single words during on-line processing. Time-resolved neuroimaging techniques can be used to measure electrophysiological activity revealing the neural dynamics underpinning these combinatorial processes in the brain. In the present chapter, we review and critically evaluate studies that have specifically investigated the electrophysiological bases of sentence-level syntactic processing using different types of analyses and paradigms. Besides reviewing event-related potential (ERP) studies, we focus on recent investigations of neural oscillations, highlighting their relevance and implications for our understanding of syntactic processing. Furthermore, we discuss critical issues related to the interpretation of current electrophysiological findings, including open questions such as the relationship between syntax and semantics and the link between ERPs and oscillations.
Mental health outcomes of quarantine and isolation for infection prevention: A systematic umbrella review of the global evidence
Authors: Hossain Md Mahbub , Sultana Abida , Purohit Neetu
Published: March 2020

Background: Transmission of infectious diseases is often prevented by quarantine and isolation of the populations at risk. These approaches restrict the mobility, social interactions, and daily activities of the affected individuals. In recent novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, quarantine and isolation are being adopted in many contexts, which necessitates an evaluation of global evidence on how such measures impact the mental health outcomes among populations. This umbrella review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on mental health outcomes of quarantine and isolation for preventing infectious diseases.Materials and methods: We searched nine major databases and additional sources and included articles if they were systematically conducted reviews, published as peer-reviewed journal articles, and reported mental health outcomes of quarantine or isolation in any population.Results: Among 1364 citations, only eight reviews met our criteria. Most of the primary studies in those reviews were conducted in high-income nations and in hospital settings. These articles reported a high burden of mental health problems among patients, informal caregivers, and healthcare providers who experienced quarantine or isolation. Prevalent mental health problems among the affected individuals include depression, anxiety, mood disorders, psychological distress, posttraumatic stress disorder, insomnia, fear, stigmatization, low self-esteem, lack of self-control, and other adverse mental health outcomes.Conclusion: This umbrella review found severe mental health problems among individuals and populations who have undergone quarantine and isolation in different contexts. This evidence necessitates multipronged interventions including policy measures for strengthening mental health services globally and promoting psychosocial wellbeing among high-risk populations.
A performative network theory of attitudes
Authors: Quayle Michael
Published: March 2020

In this paper I propose a network theory of attitudes where attitude agreements and disagreements forge a multilayer network structure that simultaneously binds people into groups (via attitudes) and attitudes into clusters (via people who share them). This theory proposes that people have a range of possible attitudes (like cards in a hand) but these only become meaningful when expressed (like a card played). Attitudes are expressed with sensitivity to their potential audiences and are socially performative: when we express attitudes, or respond to those expressed by others, we tell people who we are, what groups we might belong to and what to think of us. Agreement and disagreement can be modelled as a bipartite network that provides a psychological basis for perceived ingroup similarity and outgroup difference and, more abstractly, group identity. Opinion-based groups and group-related opinions are therefore co-emergent dynamic phenomena. Dynamic fixing occurs when particular attitudes become associated with specific social identities. The theory provides a framework for understanding identity ecosystems in which social group structure and attitudes are co-constituted. The theory describes how attitude change is also identity change. This has broad relevance across disciplines and applications concerned with social influence and attitude change.
Training Culture and Employees Performance in Nepali Banking Industry
Authors: Gautam Prakash Kumar
Published: March 2020

Training culture is the aggregate of meaning, values, practices, attitude and behavior as to invest in training and development so that organizational knowledge and skills could be enhanced. Advanced knowledge, capabilities and skills are proved to be source of competitive advantage of the organization as these assets hold dominant role in customer’s satisfaction and retention. Organizations have two choices as to acquire competent employees from the industry or to build their competencies. The second choice becomes more appropriate from organizational image, employee satisfaction and retention along with the improved performance. Organizations, thus, need to establish a training culture for sustainable growth of organization. It could be the only way to reduce the cost of hiring competent employees and reducing the cost of losing competent employees. Performance of the employees can be sustained with training. This study aims to examine whether Nepali banking sector has established training culture? If yes, whether training has significant influence in performance? This study follows descriptive and correlational research design. Structured questionnaire with 5-point Likert scale is used to collect the information. Mean, standard deviation, correlation and independent sample t-test are used to analyze the data. Result revealed that Nepali banks have established the training culture. Training environment, training methods, training-reward linkage are the major factors of training culture affecting training satisfaction and employee performance. Employees are satisfied through the skills acquired from training. Gender and the bank types have mediating role in training satisfaction and employee performance.
Determinants of Stock Price in Nepalese Market
Authors: Ghimire Ramesh Raj , Mishra Deepashree
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between stock price and explanatory variables like: DPS, EPS, P-E ratio, BV, Market to BV for the period 2012 to 2017. Using simple and multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistics this study investigates the factor affecting the stock price. With the sample size of 11 financial and nonfinancial firms of Nepal, the result indicates that the variables Market to BV, P-E ratio are the significant determinants of stock price which directly affect the stock price. Likewise, DPS, BV also have significance positive influence on stock price whereas EPS has minimum influence on the stock price.
Youth perspectives on sexual health education: Voices from the YEP study in Toronto
Authors: Narushima Miya , Wong Josephine Pui-Hing , Li Alan Tai-Wai , Bhagat Dimple , Bisignano Alessandro , Fung Kenneth Po-Lun , Poon Maurice Kwong-Lai
Published: March 2020

The Youth Engagement Project (YEP) is a community-based pilot study in Toronto, Canada that we developed to better understand perspectives about and experiences of sexual health education among socioeconomically marginalized, racialized, and LGBTQ youth. We investigated: 1) what sex-related messages these young people received as they grew up, 2) how those messages affected their perspectives and sexual behaviour, and 3) their recommendations for sexual health education that meets their needs. Engaging youth whose voices are often overlooked due to their low socioeconomic status and their racial, sexual, and religious identities, and using a place-based method, we recruited a total of 47 young people, aged 16–24, and divided them into six groups based on gender and residential neighbourhood. The data was collected through a demographic and sexual practice survey, followed by a series of two focus groups. We conducted thematic analysis, guided by a socio-ecological approach and paying particular attention to participants’ intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental factors. Our results indicate that participants received inadequate and contradictory sexuality related information from multiple sources. These mixed messages contributed to confusion, misconceptions, distress, and sexual vulnerabilities. Youth expressed their need for more inclusive and relevant sexual health education starting from an early age, more support for parents and teachers to help them talk with children and youth about sexuality, and more youth-driven integrated health promotion programs to allow them to make informed choices. Their voices and perspectives are useful in informing inclusive and youth-centred sexual health education at home, in school and in the community.
Germinação de grãos: uma revisão sistemática de como os processos bioquímicos envolvidos afetam o conteúdo e o perfil de compostos fenólicos e suas propriedades antioxidantes
Authors: Rasera Gabriela Boscariol , De Castro Ruann Janser Soares
Published: March 2020

Germinação é um processo simples e econômico que melhora a qualidade nutricional e funcional dos grãos, como resultado de transformações complexas. As condições ambientais em que os grãos são expostos influenciam diretamente na composição final do broto e, consequentemente na sua bioatividade. É possível perceber uma correlação positiva entre o processo de germinação e o teor de compostos fenólicos presentes nos grãos, apesar da explicação para isso ser peculiar para cada processo de germinação. De maneira geral, sabe-se que os compostos fenólicos podem estar presentes nas formas solúvel e insolúvel, sendo que a primeira está normalmente armazenada no vacúolo da planta, e a segunda ligada a macromoléculas, constituindo a estrutura dos grãos. Durante o processo de germinação e consequente atuação das enzimas ativadas pela absorção de água, essas duas frações se transformam simultaneamente. A fração solúvel pode se tornar insolúvel devido ao crescimento da radícula e necessidade de formação estrutural e a insolúvel pode ser transformada à solúvel, devido a hidrólise das ligações com as macromoléculas de armazenamento da planta. Dessa forma, a compreensão das diversas vias e consequentes resultados se tornam alvo de estudo da literatura. Dentro desse contexto, o objetivo central dessa revisão é apresentar estudos recentes que investigam as alterações promovidas pelo processo de germinação e sua relação com as propriedades antioxidantes de diferentes grãos. Algumas vias bioquímicas para formação de compostos fenólicos já elucidadas foram abordadas, assim como tendências futuras para uso de germinação como um processo para melhoria de propriedades biológicas dos grãos.
Are tensions beneficial or detrimental for the enterprise’s mainstream and new stream innovation? A paradox perspective
Authors: Bin Zhu , Dashuai Ren
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

In order to achieve sustainable and competitive advantages, enterprises must develop mainstream and new stream innovation simultaneously so as to achieve the short-term performance as well as the long-term competitive advantage. However, the funding and time resources owned by enterprises are often restricted, which make the tensions and competitive demands pervasive in the process of developing the mainstream and new stream innovation. Furthermore, the relationship between tensions and organizational innovation remains controversial and related empirical researches are rare.

OBJECTIVE:

Based on the paradox theory and ambidexterity innovation theory, we divide organizational innovation into mainstream- and new stream innovation, aiming to discuss the different influences of experiencing tensions on the two different types of organizational innovation. In addition, we aimed to explore the role of leaders’ paradox mindset in the relationship of experiencing tension and mainstream- and new stream innovation.

METHODS:

Our research uses regression analysis to perform hypothesis testing. The survey data of 226 small and medium-sized enterprises are used to conduct empirical tests on the hypothesis proposed in our research.

RESULTS:

The results display that resource scarcity is the source of organizational tensions, and leaders’ paradox mindset moderate the effects experiencing tensions on mainstream- and new stream innovation and moderate the indirect effect of resource scarcity through tensions on mainstream- and new stream innovation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Organizations will encounter a lot of contradictions and competitive demands in the process of developing mainstream- and new stream innovation. Effective leaders must learn to get comfort from their discomfort and effectively manage tensions. This study promotes movement in this direction and contributes to the resolution of the paradox of organizational innovation. We hope that our research fuels additional investigations to uncover approaches to tensions.
Does competitive advantage mediate the effect of competency, innovation, and reputation on the performance of rural banks?
Authors: Harun Harmani , Rahman Lubis A. , Darsono Nurdasila , Djalil Muslim A. , Chan Syafruddin
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

In the last few decades, the rural bank has a focus of both researchers and policy-makers as it plays a crucial role in promoting the welfare of lower-income groups in most of the underdeveloped and developing countries, including Indonesia. However, as the newly established micro-financing institutions, as compared to the well-established large-scale commercial banks in the country, these micro-financing institutions have been perceived to have a lower level of competitiveness and performance.

OBJECTIVE:

Thus, this study explores and analyzes factors of core competency, innovation, and reputation in determining the competitiveness and performance of the rural banks ( Bank Perkreditan Rakyat - BPRs) in Aceh, Indonesia. It also attempts to empirically investigate and analyze the mediated effect of competitive advantage on the influences of core competency, innovation, and reputation on performance of the BPRs in the country.

METHODS:

350 employees at the 16 BPRs in 7 districts in Aceh province, Indonesia were selected as respondents of the study using the stratified random sampling technique. The study used the structural equation modeling analysis to examine the interrelationships among the variables, to answer the objectives of the study.

RESULTS:

The study found a positive influence of the core competency, innovation, and reputation on the BPRs’ competitive advantage. Except for the BPRs’ reputation, all variables positively affected the BPRs’ performance. Finally, the study found a significant partial mediated effect of competitive advantage on the relationship between core competency and innovation to the BPRs’ performance and a significant full mediated effect of competitive advantage on the relationship between reputation and the BPRs’ performance.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings imply that all efforts to enhance the BPRs’ performance should be focused on the improvement of competitive advantage based on enhancing the competency, innovation, and reputation of the BPRs.
The effectiveness of institutional structures to minimize concerns in fantasy sports sites: Psychological contract violation mitigation
Authors: Hazarika Bidyut , Mousavi Reza , Rea Alan
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

As the growth of the Internet continues to impact the way that individuals and businesses interact, companies are forced to bring new online markets to the forefront of their strategic business decisions. In recent years online innovations in Internet content offerings have produced a myriad of highly interactive fantasy sports sites designed to entice users to wage funds on sports team. Although factors such as accessibility and anonymity encourage people to wager online, many hesitate to wager for reasons that must be examined if online fantasy sports (OFS) sites are to innovate and thrive.

OBJECTIVE:

Although research findings suggest that users have questioned the legitimacy and fairness of online fantasy sports sites, issues of trust do not yet appear to be negatively influencing the industry’s growth. Users continue to spend large sums of money without high confidence in OFS sites. To understand why this might be the case, we conducted a preliminary study to examine the nature and role of psychological contract violation (PCV) in OFS sites.Our research examines how OFS users’ past experiences and the perceived reputation of OFS sites influence psychological contract violation (PCV), as well as perceived institutional effectiveness as it pertains to OFS sites’ features and products. We also investigate the effect of institutional effectiveness on users’ concerns and their behavioral intentions.

METHODS:

We implemented previously validated scales to survey OFS users and test our hypothesized model. The original sample size included 198 individuals. After removing the incomplete and non-fantasy sports site user responses, the final sample dropped to 142. PLS-SEM was used to analyze measurement and structural models.

RESULTS:

Initial results suggest that OFS users have concerns about transactional information even though they tend to be less risk adverse than non-OFS users. Our study also found that psychological contract violation minimizes users’ protection perceptions concerning overall OFS structures’ effectiveness.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study creates new knowledge about minimizing risks in online fantasy sports sites, thereby assisting businesses that want to increase user participation and transactions.
Regional Amyloid Accumulation and White Matter Integrity in Cognitively Normal Individuals
Authors: Wang Ya-Juan , Hu Hao , Yang Yu-Xiang , Zuo Chuan-Tao , Tan Lan , Yu Jin-Tai ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: March 2020

Background:

Recent studies have shown that amyloid-β (Aβ) burden influenced white matter (WM) integrity before the onset of dementia.

Objective:

To assess whether the effects of Aβ burden on WM integrity in cognitively normal (CN) individuals were regionally specific.

Methods:

Our cohort consisted of 71 CNs from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database who underwent both AV45 amyloid-PET and diffusion tensor imaging. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was computed across four bilateral regions of interest (ROIs) corresponding to four stages of in vivo amyloid staging model (Amyloid stages I–IV). Linear regression models were conducted in entire CN group and between APOE ɛ4 carriers and non-carriers.

Results:

Our results indicated that higher global Aβ-SUVR was associated with higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the entire CN group ( p = 0.023), and with both higher MD ( p = 0.015) and lower fractional anisotropy (FA) ( p = 0.026) in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Subregion analysis showed that higher Amyloid stage I-II Aβ-SUVRs were associated with higher MD (Stage-1: p = 0.030; Stage-2: p = 0.016) in the entire CN group, and with both higher MD (Stage-1: p = 0.004; Stage-2: p = 0.010) and lower FA (Stage-1: p = 0.022; Stage-2: p = 0.014) in APOE ɛ4 carriers. No associations were found in APOE ɛ4 non-carriers and in Amyloid stage III-IV ROIs.

Conclusions:

Our results indicated that the effects of Aβ burden on WM integrity in CNs might be regionally specific, particularly in Amyloid stage I-II ROIs, and modulated by APOE ɛ4 status.
Triple langmuir probe, optical emission spectroscopy and lissajous figures for diagnosis of plasma produced by dielectric barrier discharge of parallel plates in atmospheric pressure
Authors: de Souza Ivan Alves , de Medeiros Neto Joao Freire , Nascimento Igor Oliveira , Matamoros Efrain Pantaleon , Feitor Michelle Cequeira , Fernandes Fernanda de Melo , Magalhães Sousa Rômulo Ribeiro , de Carvalho Costa Thércio Henrique
Published: March 2020

This work aimed to characterize a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma equipment through optical and electrical measurements, seeking to obtain a greater knowledge of the plasma production process and how it behaves through the adopted parameters, such as frequency and voltage applied between electrodes, at a fixed distance of 1.7 mm. In order to measure them, three different characterization techniques were applied. The first method was the Lissajous figures, a technique quite effective for a complete electrical characterization of DBD equipment. The second technique used was the Optical Emission Spectroscopy, a tool used for the diagnosis of plasma, being it possible to identify the excited species produced in discharge in diffuse and filamentary regime in the plasma. And finally, the triple Langmuir probe technique was used to obtain the electron temperature and electron density. Based on this study, it was possible to identify the equipment efficiency in different regimes. The electron temperature measurement for both systems analyzed were 27.96 eV and 20.69 eV to the filamentary and diffuse regimes, respectively. The density of electrons number to these regimes were 1.09 × 1021 m−3 and 1.56 × 1021 m−3.
Pseudoexons of the DMD Gene
Authors: Keegan Niall P.
Published: March 2020

The DMD gene is the largest in the human genome, with a total intron content exceeding 2.2Mb. In the decades since DMD was discovered there have been numerous reported cases of pseudoexons (PEs) arising in the mature DMD transcripts of some individuals, either as the result of mutations or as low-frequency errors of the spliceosome. In this review, I collate from the literature 58 examples of DMD PEs and examine the diversity and commonalities of their features. In particular, I note the high frequency of PEs that arise from deep intronic SNVs and discuss a possible link between PEs induced by distal mutations and the regulation of recursive splicing.
Thickness of Perirenal Fat Predicts the Growth Pattern of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kashiwagi Eiji , Imada Kenjiro , Abe Tatsuro , Kinoshita Fumio , Monji Keisuke , Shiota Masaki , Takeuchi Ario , Inokuchi Junichi , Tatsugami Katsunori , Eto Masatoshi
Published: March 2020

Background:

Partial nephrectomy is the standard treatment for T1a and select T1b tumors. Tumor location is very important because it may predict surgical complications and malignant potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between adipose tissue, especially around the kidney, and the growth pattern of RCC.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed computed tomography scans of 153 patients with stage 1 renal cell carcinoma who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy at our hospital between January 2013 and July 2016. We calculated visceral/subcutaneous/perirenal fat volumes using SYNAPSE VINCENT®. In 60 patients, perirenal fat was immunohistochemically stained for leptin, adiponectin, COX-2 and UCP1, and the association with outward tumor protrusion was evaluated.

Results:

Among the 153 cases, 88 had confirmed outward expansion (57.5%), 110 were classed as pT1a (52 and 58 with outer and inner expansion, respectively), and 43 were classed as pT1b (36 and seven with outer and inner expansion, respectively; pT1a vs. pT1b, P < 0.0001). A multivariate logistic regression model showed a trend towards significance in pT1b (vs. pT1a; odds ratio [OR] 6.033; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.409– 15.108; P = 0.0001) and perirenal fat percentage >1.0 (vs. ≤1.0; [OR] 2.596; 95% CI = 1.205– 5.591; P = 0.014) as independent predictors for outer protrusion. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for UCP1 expression in 31 out of 41 outgrowth types (75.6%) and in all 19 endogenous types (100%; P = 0.003).

Conclusions:

Renal cell carcinoma with thick perirenal fat correlates with an increased likelihood of developing outward tumor protrusion; therefore, fat distribution may affect the development of renal cell carcinoma.
Assessing pupil reaction to light using ultrasound in a sick neonate with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Mohammad K.
Published: March 2020

Examining pupil reaction to light is an important component of the neurological examination in infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) to determine eligibility for therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and as part of serial neurological assessment for prognostication. Pupil examination can be challenging in critically ill infants with generalized edema. In this paper I report a simple technique using bedside point of care ultrasound to examine the pupil reaction to light in an infant with moderate HIE undergoing therapeutic hypothermia.
青海省水文站网发展史
Authors: 王 霖 , 路 君鹏 , 李 媛媛
Published: March 2020

文章对青海省现有水文站网历史及现状进行了阐述,并提出了将来青海省水文站网的发展方向。
Concept and Significance of Criminalistics Classification of Crimes Related to Proxy Battle
Authors: Luhovyi O. M.
Published: March 2020

The author of the article has analyzed the state of scientific development of criminalistics classification of crimes related to proxy battle in order to prove the need for further research taking into account amendments in the current legislation, as well as current conditions.

Special attention has been paid to the fact that the current criminal law in Ukraine does not handle the categories of “raidership” or “crimes related to proxy battle”; besides, the Criminal Code of Ukraine does not contain the separate Section that would include the list of criminal offenses in in this area, and the norms that provide criminal liability for certain actions accompanied by proxy battle, are dispersed between different Sections of the Special Part of the Code. The legislator while constructing their corpus delicti (perhaps, with the exception of the disposition of the Art. 206² of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) did not use wording indicating the commission of proxy battle. This has resulted in the lack of the unity among scholars – national and international experts specialized in criminalistics, criminology, criminal and other branches of law within the stated issue, as well as among representatives of economic science, although they offered certain approaches to the classification of raidership manifestations.

Taking into account the analyzed scientific points of view, the author has offered the classification of crimes related to proxy battle in accordance with criminal criteria, according to the purpose of committing the crime, as well as according to certain elements of criminalistics characteristic of the researched category of crimes, such as: crime’s modus operandi (the most important), situation, tools, means, crime scene, its consequences, direct object of criminal assault, conditions of its protection against assault, offender’s personality and the way of his life before and after the commission of the crime (including the presence or absence of criminal experience), the victim’s personality and characterizing him information, the ways of hiding the traces of the crime and the perpetrator.

It has been concluded that suggested grounds for criminalistics classification of crimes related to proxy battle are not exhaustive, and this necessitates further research in this area in order of further improvement of investigation method of the specified category of crimes.
The Escherichia coli Inner Membrane Protein YhiM is Necessary for Efficient Attachment of Bacteriophage T4
Authors: Evans M.A. , Spieth P.T. , Sparks-Thissen R.L.
Published: March 2020

Bacteriophages are obligate intracellular parasites, but many of the cellular proteins involved in replication have not been identified. We have tested the role of the inner membrane protein YhiM in bacteriophage replication. YhiM is a conserved (21) membrane protein in Escherichia coli (E. coli) thought to be localized to the cytoplasmic membrane that is necessary for cell survival under conditions of cell stress, including acid shock, low osmolarity and high temperature. We show here that YhiM is necessary for replication of the bacteriophage T4. It also plays a modest role in the replication of T1, T3, and T5 but it does not play a role in the replication of ΦX174. Our data indicated that no replication of T4 occurs in cells missing YhiM. This block in infection is due to a block in attachment of the virus to the cell surface.
Characterization of a 1,2-Propanediol Producing Escherichia Strain Isolated from a Geothermally Heated Intertidal Pool in Northern Iceland
Authors: Fjölnisdóttir Birta Líf , Haraldsdóttir Pálína , Ingvadóttir Eva María , Scully Sean M. , Örlygsson Jóhann
Published: March 2020

The ability of a mesophilic isolate, strain CC5C, isolated from a temperate geothermally-heated intertidal pool in northern Iceland is described herein. Strain CC5C belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae with greater than 99.1% similarity to Escherichia marmotae and Shigella dysenteriae based upon 16S rRNA gene analysis. Strain CC5C is a facultative anaerobe exhibiting growth between 5 and 50°C with an optimal growth at 40°C, initial pH values between 4.0 and 9.0 with an optimum at pH 7.5. Strain CC5C, unlike its nearest phylogenetic neighbors, degrades starch, dulcitol, and sucrose as well as potentially cellobiose which are uncommon features among these genera. Under aerobic conditions the catabolism of L-rhamnose and L-fucose revealed that the dominant product was 1,2-propanediol while under anaerobic conditions it was a mixture of acetate and 1,2-propanediol. The effect of increased initial substrate concentration was investigated for glucose, L-fucose, and L-rhamnose with inhibition apparent at concentrations above 20 mM under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Although, differences in end product formation were observed between aerobic and anaerobic conditions for L-rhamnose. Strain CC5C rapidly catabolizes rhamnose and produces 1,2-PD at a rate of 3.41 mmol/h on L-rhamnose and 2.37 mmol/h on a mixture of glucose and rhamnose with up to 96% of the theoretical yield on L-rhamnose.
Xylanolytic Psychotrophs From Andosolic Sedge Fens and Moss Heaths in Iceland
Authors: Rickman Olivia J. , Sigurbjörnsdóttir M. Auður , Vilhemsson Oddur
Published: March 2020

Nine xylanolytic bacterial strains were isolated from fen and heath soils in northern Iceland. They were found by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to belong to the genera Paenibacillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas. Using a simple, plate-based semiquantitative assay with azo-crosslinked xylan as the substrate, it was determined that although isolated from cold environments, most of the strains displayed greater xylanolytic activity under mesophilic conditions, with only the paenibacilli displaying markedly cold-active xylanolytic activity. Indeed, for one isolate, Paenibacillus castaneae OV2122, xylanolytic activity was only detected at 15°C and below under the conditions tested. Of the nine strains, Paenibacillus amylolyticus OV2121 displayed the greatest activity at 5°C. Glycohydrolase family-specific PCR indicated that the paenibacilli produced multiple xylanases of families 10 and 11, whereas a family 8 xylanase was detected in Pseudomonas kilonensis AL1515, and a family 11 xylanase in Stenotrophomonas rhizophila AL1610.
大学生群体出行特征空间分异研究
Authors: 梁 维维
Published: March 2020

在城市大学生人数众多、学校周边生活设施不完善、出行方式日趋多样化的背景下，研究以济南市为例，将城市分为中心城区、新区和外围区进行样本数据调查，通过统计分析及构建多元有序Probit回归模型、多元线性回归模型探索了高校大学生出行特征和出行行为影响因素的空间分异。研究发现对于出行频率，中心城区最高，外围区次之，新区最低；区位、性别、年级通过了显著性检验；而且区位与之呈负相关，性别、年级与之成正相关；专业未通过显著性检验。对于出行距离，性别对总出行距离和购物出行距离影响显著，而年级和专业对其影响不显著；区位、出行目的与出行距离呈正相关，性别、出行方式与出行距离呈负相关；不同区位大学生出行距离具有显著差异，且距离比值近似为1：2：3。出行方式在各个区位的影响都十分显著。
谈施工监理对工程竣工档案资料质量的作用
Authors: 卢 运飞 , 周 红伟
Published: March 2020

当前城市化进程的不断加快，让大型施工项目的数量不断增加，此时为了保障工程质量，就需要采取有效的管控手段。施工监理作为施工环节的质量保障方案之一，对于稳定工期，维持工况具有重要作用。例如在工程竣工档案管理方面，施工监理可以为后续工作提供有效的参考借鉴，在工程验收并投入使用后发挥条例性的约束效果，这也是本次的研究方向。
基于物联网和RFID技术的施工安全管理系统研究
Authors: 张 迪军
Published: March 2020

随着经济社会的快速发展，人们对于自身生活以及社会生产的效率有了更好的要求。在这个大背景下，各个行业为了实现更高水平的发展也对现代化、信息化的行业自身建设的需求日益提升，城镇化水平的急速提高，人们对于更好的生活工作和居住环境的需要也为建筑行业的发展带来了巨大的助力，在日益复杂、日益竞争激烈的建筑行业当中，如何更好的快速适应新的建筑行业发展竞争环境，提高企业的行业内竞争优势，对于建筑企业的发展至关重要。在建筑工程项目的建造施工的过程中，由于施工过程中涉及到大量的施工人员以及管理人员还有其他一些人员，也使得对于工程项目施工现场的管理有了比较大的难度。首先，施工现场的人员比较复杂，其次，很多建筑工程的一线施工人员工人的专业技术水平以及综合素质还有些欠缺；其次，工程施工的人员会在施工现场的任意地点进行流动，很难有效地进行监督管理。在此这种工程施工现实的基础上，除了要有效的加强施工现场的安全管理以及施工管理之外，还可以采用射频识别技术，对工程项目的现场施工人员和管理人员进行高效率、现代化的监督和管理，高效的实时了施工现场的管理与控制，显著提高建筑工程项目建造施工现场的安全管理以及监督控制的情况，保障建筑施工的顺利稳定进行。
Cataloguing in the digital epoch: B. N. Yeltsin Presidential Library’s experience
Authors: Stegaeva M. V.
Published: March 2020

The digital cataloguing experience of Presidential Library is discussed. The integrated e-collection comprises digital copies of library materials, archival documents and museum objects, which requires designing methods for describing entries new to library preservation. The Presidential Library’s interdepartmental working group has developed principles and approaches toward integrating presentation and access to the library, archival, and museum resources into the single catalog in accordance with existing international standards. The Presidential Library acts as a methodological center developing special methods for describing diverse information resources. Methodological publications by Presidential Library are considered the logical extension of RUSMARC Application Examples guidance series intended for Russian bibliographizing institutions. The Presidential Library’s work within the framework of the National Standardization Program, National Electronic Library and the union catalog of electronic resources is also discussed. The Library participates in IFLA UNIMARC permanent committees and IFLA Subject Analysis and Access Section. The Presidential Library is an educational center for digital content cataloguing for libraries, and holds training work-shops. It enrolls university graduates in generating the descriptive metadata. The prospective vectors in cataloguing are examined, e. g. designing model description of digital collections and Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) implementation.
Taloustohtori opetuskäytössä
Authors: Latva-Kyyny Marjo , Latukka Arto , Ryhänen Matti , Sipiläinen Timo
Published: March 2020

Digitalisaation ja verkkopalvelujen ansiosta opetuksen käytössä olevat aineistot monipuolistuvat, mikä avaa mahdollisuuksia rakentaa erilaisia opetusmateriaaleja sekä hyödyntää erilaisia opetusmenetelmiä. Luonnonvarakeskuksen Taloustohtori -alusta julkistettiin 2006 ja sen ensimmäisenä verkkopalveluna oli Maa- ja puutarhatalous, joka tarjosi kaikille mahdollisuuden tarkastella monipuolisesti kirjanpitotilojen taloustuloksia. Oppilaitokset ja opetus yleensäkin ovat yksi keskeinen Taloustohtorin käyttäjäryhmä. Taloustohtorin palveluita on hyödynnetty opetuksessa monipuolisesti talouskäsitteiden konkretisoimisessa sekä maatalousyritysten rakenne- ja tuloskehityksen kuvaamisessa. Opiskelijat tekevät Taloustohtorin avulla tilaryhmävertailua. He hyödyntävät Taloustohtorista saatavia tuloksia erilaisissa opintoihinsa liittyvissä raporteissa sekä opinnäytetöissä. Myös EU-tasolla tulosten vertailua on tehty. Kannattavuuskirjanpitoon osallistuvat yrittäjät ovat päässeet palveluun kirjautumalla tarkastelemaan oman tilansa tuloksia sekä vertailemaan niitä keskiarvotuloksiin. Useisiin palveluihin on liitetty myös kuvitteellinen yritys, mikä antaa mahdollisuuden harjoitella yksittäisen yrityksen tulosten analysointia esim. oppilaitoksissa. Tuhansille palvelun käyttäjille ja myöskään opiskelijoille ei kuitenkaan ole ollut mahdollisuutta tarjota käyttäjätunnuksia, joten he eivät ole voineet harjoitella analyysejä yksittäisellä yrityksellä (vrt. oma tila) vaan pelkästään palvelun tarjoamina ryhmäkeskiarvoina sekä näihin porautuvina hyvät/heikot -ryhmien tuloksina. Taloustohtorin Maa- ja puutarhatalouspalvelua on kehitetty siten, että kuvitteelliset yritykset näkyvät tammikuussa 2020 tehdyn julkistuksen jälkeen ilman kirjautumista kaikille käyttäjille, myös opiskelijoille ja opettajille. Palveluun liitettiin jokaista tuotantosuuntaa edustavat kuvitteelliset yritykset, mikä edelleen monipuolistaa analyysien harjoittelumahdollisuuksia. Edelleen palveluun liitettiin myös maatalouden tuotannonsuunnittelun oppikirjassa (Ryhänen & Sipiläinen 2018) esimerkkeinä olevia kuvitteellisia yrityksiä. Näitä kuvitteellisia yrityksiä voi ottaa mukaan mihin tahansa keskiarvo- tai hyvät/heikot-ryhmätarkasteluun. Näin Taloustohtorin hyödynnettävyys opetuksessa on parantunut entisestään. Tavoitteena on jatkossa tarjota käyttäjille mahdollisuus myös tallentaa keskeiset tiedot omasta maatalousyrityksestä sekä nähdä se sarakkeena tulosraporteissa. Aineiston tallentaminen mahdollistaisi jatkossa myös lähtötietojen muuttamisen ja siitä seuraavien tulosmuutosten herkkyyden tarkastelun.  Digitaalisuuden ja verkkopalvelujen myötä toimialan kattavat tietoaineistot ja rekisterit ovat hyödynnettävissä yhä paremmin maatalousopetuksessa. Palvelujen kehittäminen mahdollistaa myös aiempaa monipuolisemman opetuksen ja taloudellisten vaikutusten konkretisoinnin todelliseen havaintoaineistoon perustuvien tietojen pohjalta.
The Study of Ear Keloids by Surgical Excision with Fillet Flap in a Single Institution
Authors: Kim Choong Jae , Choi Hoon , Na Chan Ho , Shin Bong Seok , Kim Min Sung
Published: March 2020

Background and Objectives Keloids are benign dermal fibrous growth and excessive collagen deposition that occur usually after trauma or surgery. In the treatment of keloids, the recurrence rate is relatively high after surgical excision. Fillet flap is known to be a good surgical method for keloid lesions. The purpose of this study is to find out manifestation and compare the results of ear keloids after the surgery by fillet flap.Subjects and Method We retrospectively evaluated 22 patients with ear keloids (n=31) who underwent core excision with fillet flap at the Department of Dermatology, Chosun University Hospital from May 2010 to June 2018.Results With the 22 of treated patients and 31 ear keloid lesions, the average size of keloid lesions was 0.75×1.05 cm2 . The frequencies of occurrence with respect to the location of keloids according to the anatomical structure of the ear were 12 lobule (38.7%), 17 helix (54.8%), 1 antihelical fold (3.2%), and 1 postauricle (3.2%), respectively. There were 14 lobular types (45.2%), 9 dumbbell types (29.0%), 5 button types (16.1%), and 3 wrap-around type (9.7%). Recurrence was found in 8 keloid lesions (25.8%) and 5 patients (22.7%) after the surgery. Earlobe lesions and dumbbell shaped recurred with the highest recurrence rate. Among the 5 patients who relapsed, 4 had family history of keloids.Conclusion The earlobe and dumbbell shaped types showed the highest recurrence rate and family history was also an important risk factor for recurrence. Also, surgical excision with fillet flap can be very effective and is a good way to treat ear keloids.
Bile Acids, Nuclear Receptors and Cytochrome P450
Authors: JUŘICA J. , DOVRTĚLOVÁ G. , NOSKOVÁ K. , ZENDULKA O.
Published: March 2020

This review summarizes the importance of bile acids (BA) as important regulators of various homeostatic mechanisms with detailed focus on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. In the first part, synthesis, metabolism and circulation of BA is summarized and BA are reviewed as physiological ligands of nuclear receptors which regulate transcription of genes involved in their metabolism, transport and excretion. Notably, PXR, FXR and VDR are the most important nuclear receptors through which BA regulate transcription of CYP genes involved in the metabolism of both BA and xenobiotics. Therapeutic use of BA and their derivatives is also briefly reviewed. The physiological role of BA interaction with nuclear receptors is basically to decrease production of toxic non-polar BA and increase their metabolic turnover towards polar BA and thus decrease their toxicity. By this, the activity of some drug-metabolizing CYPs is also influenced what could have clinically relevant consequences in cholestatic diseases or during the treatment with BA or their derivatives.
The Safety of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies: Implications for Cancer Therapy Including Immuno-Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: DEMLOVA R. , VALÍK D. , OBERMANNOVA R. , ZDRAŽILOVÁ-DUBSKÁ L.
Published: March 2020

Monoclonal antibody-based treatment of cancer has been established as one of the most successful therapeutic strategies for both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. In addition to targeting cancer antigens antibodies can also modulate immunological pathways that are critical to immune surveillance. Antibody therapy directed against several negative immunologic regulators (checkpoints) is demonstrating significant success in the past few years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, have shown significant clinical benefit in several malignancies and are already approved for advanced melanoma and squamous NSCLC. Based on their mechanism of action, these agents can exert toxicities that are unlike conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, whose nature is close to autoimmune diseases - immune related adverse events (irAEs). In this review we focus on the spectrum of irAEs associated with immune checkpoint antibodies, discussing the pharmacological treatment strategy and possible clinical impact.