bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percentiles of intrauterine placental volume and placental volume relative to fetal volume: A prospective magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Peterson Helene , Eskild Anne , Sommerfelt Silje , Gjesdal Kjell , Borthne Arne , Mørkrid Lars , Hillestad Vigdis
Published: January 2024

Objective: Provide normative data on intrauterine placental size and
placental size relative to fetal size (placental to fetal ratio).
Design: Prospective study. Setting: Akershus University Hospital,
Norway. From April 2017 to May 2018. Population: 107 unselected
singleton pregnancies recruited at routine antenatal care. Method: The
pregnancies were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at
gestational week 27 and 37. Based on the estimated volumes of the
placenta and the fetus, we calculated median and percentiles at the
gestational weeks 27 and 37, and we assumed linear growth in the
intermediate interval. Main outcome measures: Median placental volume
(cm3) and placental to fetal ratio (placental volume cm3/fetal volume
cm3). Results: Median placental volume at gestational week 27 was 513
cm3 (Inter Quartile Range (IQR) 182 cm3), and it was 831cm3 (IQR 252
cm3) at week 37. Median placental to fetal ratio was 0.54 (IQR 0.18) at
gestational week 27 and 0.31 (IQR 0.08) at week 37. The 10th – 90th
percentiles included placental volumes between 392-717 cm3 at
gestational week 27, and 631-1087 cm3 at week 37. The corresponding
10th-90th percentiles included placental to fetal ratios between
0.43-0.73 and 0.25-0.39. Conclusions: This study provides normative data
about intrauterine placental volume and placental volume relative to
fetal volume. Such data are important for the diagnostics of abnormal
growth. Funding: The South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority
(grant number 277901 and 2020013) and the Strategic Research Funding at
Akershus University Hospital (grant number 269903). Keywords: Placenta,
placental to fetal ratio MRI, pregnancy, percentiles
Overlapping-plasty Technique for Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Ataka Ryo , Katsuyama Kazuhiko , Yamada Tomoyuki
Published: January 2024

Massive pulmonary artery aneurysms, while extremely rare, might require
surgical intervention. Most previous cases have been repaired either by
pulmonary artery plication or synthetic graft replacement. We report a
case of massive pulmonary artery aneurysm that was successfully repaired
using an ‘overlapping-plasty’ technique with the help of 3D image
simulation. The ‘overlapping-plasty’ technique might support pressure
resistance without the need for synthetic material. This specially
designed procedure might be useful as a surgical option for pulmonary
artery aneurysms.
Computational simulation to the activation energy study on peristaltic transport of Seminal nanoﬂuid: Application of Pade’-DTM
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: January 2024

This study light the influences of activation energy, mixed convection,
magnetohydyo-dynamic, hall current on blood motion of Seminal nanofluid
in a vertical symmetric channel. Viscosity of fluid is supposed to be
various with temperature, also variable velocity slip and variable
thermal jump is considered. Governing equations of presented model found
to be having a high degree of non-linearity. Consequently, we use an
accurate combined numerical technique with help of Mathematica 12.2.
Pade’ approximant and differential transform techniques are combined
together to obtain a highly accurate semi-numerical techniques called
Pad’-DTM. The results of proposed system of partial differential
equations is computed semi-numerically using Pade’-DTM method and
influences of physical parameters on the flow characteristics have been
figured and scrutinized. The paramount outcome show that the activation
energy parameter gives fluid nanoparticles more heat enabling them move
more and more freely in the cervix of the woman canal. All computed
results approve that the Pade’-DTM technique is an effective
computational method for solving peristaltic flow problems of
non-Newtonian fluids.
Genome sequencing of Pachypeltis micranthus Mu et Liu (Hemiptera: Miridae), a potential biological control agent for Mikania micrantha
Authors: Wang Xiafei , Zhao Ning , Cai Liqiong , Liu Naiyong , Yang Bin
Published: January 2024

The plant bug, Pachypeltis micranthus Mu et Liu (Hemiptera:
Miridae), is a potential biological control agent for Mikania
micrantha H.B.K. (Asteraceae; one of the most invasive weeds
worldwide). To date, only a few studies have investigated plant bugs.
Here, we performed a chromosome-level genome assembly of P.
micranthus using MGISEQ-2000 short-read, Nanopore, PacBio long-read,
and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) techniques.
The assembled genome was 712.72 Mb in size, with a contig N50 of 16.84
Mb. Using the Hi-C technique, 71 scaffolds were assembled into 15
chromosomes, accounting for 99.96%. We predicted 11,746 protein-coding
genes in P. micranthus with 96.20% complete benchmarking
universal single-copy orthologs. Phylogenomic analysis showed that
P. micranthus and two other Miridae bugs (Apolygus lucorum
and Nesidiocoris tenuis) diverged from the common ancestor
approximately 200.01 million years ago. Chromosome synteny analysis
between P. micranthus and A. lucorum indicated high-level
synteny. Many gene families including chemosensory genes and digestive
and detoxification enzyme genes—were significantly expanded in the
P. micranthus genome. These expanded gene families may indicate
the bug to adapt to the single host plant. This high-quality
chromosome-level genome assembly provides an invaluable resource for
further molecular and evolutionary research on mirid bugs and also
provides a basis for further research on biological control mechanisms
for M. micrantha.
Comparison of flood index characteristics and channel morphology of two Canadian Shield rivers based on wetland area in southern Quebec (Canada)
Authors: Assani Ali
Published: January 2024

Two characteristics (magnitude and duration-frequency) of two indices of
high (Qmax, annual flooding) and low intensities (Q90) floods and the
morphology (bankfull width and sinuosity) of channels were compared for
the Matawin (1,390 km²) and Petite Nation (1,330 km²) rivers on the
Canadian Shield, which are differentiated mainly by wetland and forest
areas. Wetlands cover 9% and 15% respectively in the Matawin and
Petite Nation watersheds. This comparison revealed that the magnitude of
high floods (Qmax) in the Matawin River was on average about twice the
magnitude of high floods in the Petite Nation River from 1945–2019. No
significant difference was observed in the magnitude of low floods (Q90)
between the two rivers. As for the duration-frequency of heavy floods
(Qmax), it was, on average, about three times higher in the Petite
Nation River watershed than in the Matawin River watershed. The opposite
is true for low floods (Q90). Morphologically, this difference in the
magnitude and duration-frequency of heavy floods is seen in the bankfull
width and sinuosity between the channels of the two rivers. The Matawin
River channel is narrower and more sinuous than the Petite Nation River
channel. This study is the first to demonstrate the impact of wetlands
on channel morphology for Canadian Shield rivers in southern Quebec.
Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids glycosides and pyrrolizidine alkaloids from propolis of Scaptotrigona aff. postica.
Authors: Campos Tatiane , Junior Pedro da Silva , Negri Giuseppina , Nacimento Roberto , Mendonça Ronaldo
Published: January 2024

Stingless bees belonging to the Meliponinae subfamily, are known as
meliponines. Scaptotrigona affinis postica Latreille, 1807 from
northeast of Brazil is popularly known as ‘tubi’ in Maranhão State.
Scaptotrigona, which is widely distributed in neotropical regions,
includes species that build their hives in pre-existing cavities.
Flavones di-C-glycosides, and the pyrrolizidine alkaloid 7-(3-methoxy-2-
methylbutyryl)-9-echimidinylretronecine were reported previously in
propolis from S. postica. Fractions 40 AEP and 40 MEP from ethanolic
extract were analyzed by LC-MS. The chromatographic profile of fractions
40 AEP and 40 MEP revealed the presence of many pyrrolizidine alkaloids,
among them, lithosenine (14), lithosenine arabinoside (19),
7-angeloyl-9-(2,3- dihydroxybutyryl) retronecine (1),
7-(2-methylbutyryl) retronecine (3), 9-sarracinoylretronecine (13) and
viridinatine (8), besides the flavonoids schaftoside (15),
aromadendrin-7-O-methyl ether (12),
7-methoxy-5,6,3’,4’,5’,6’-hexahydroxy-flavone-3-O-glucuronide (11),
mangiferin (10) and 3-O-methyl mangiferin (17). Fractions 40 AEP and 40
MEP showed antimicrobial activity against Gram negative bacteria,
including Escherichia coli D31- streptomycin resistant. Cell viability
was expressed in terms of the relative absorbance of treated and
untreated cells (control). There was no statistical difference between
treated and untreated cells.
Numerical solution of fractional bioheat equation during hyperthermia using collocation method and finite difference scheme.
Authors: Saw Vijay
Published: January 2024

Cancer is the most threatening disease induces death. The main aim of
hyperthermia is to raise the temperature inside biological tissue.
Therefore, it is very important to know the temperature distribution
inside the tissue. In this paper, a new numerical method is proposed for
the numerical solution of space-time fractional bioheat equation for
describing the heat transfer in biological tissues during hyperthermia
treatment with external electromagnetic (EM) heating. The numerical
solution of the space-time fractional bioheat model is obtained by using
the collocation method and finite difference method (FDM) with a proper
choice of collocation points. The Chebyshev polynomials are utilized as
a basis function. The fractional derivative is used in the form of the
Caputo sense. The present problem is transformed into a system of
algebraic equations by using the Chebyshev collocation method and FDM.
The proposed method is characterized by its simplicity and efficiency.
The numerical results are interpreted in both of the cases, i.e.,
standard case and anomalous cases for different fractional order
derivatives in time and space. The numerical results are given
graphically in both standard and anomalous cases for different values of
parameters. All computational results are obtained by the present method
in dimensionless form.
Extremal conjugated unicyclic and bicyclic graphs with respect to total-eccentricity index
Authors: Malik Mehar Ali , Farooq Rashid
Published: January 2024

Let G be a molecular graph. The total-eccentricity index of graph G is
defined as the sum of eccentricities of all vertices of G. The extremal
trees, unicyclic and bicyclic graphs, and extremal conjugated trees with
respect to total-eccentricity index are known. In this paper, we extend
these results and study the extremal conjugated unicyclic and bicyclic
graphs with respect to total-eccentricity index.
Spore production monitoring reveals contrasting seasonal strategies and a trade-off between spore size and number in wood-inhabiting fungi
Authors: Norros Veera , Halme Panu , Norberg Anna , Ovaskainen Otso
Published: January 2024

Traits related to reproduction and dispersal drive the assembly and
dynamics of species communities and can explain and predict how species
respond to habitat loss and fragmentation and to the changing climate.
For fungi, such links remain poorly known. We examine how spore
production rate, a key demographic trait, is influenced by the
interaction between environmental conditions and species traits. We
monitored the spore production of 97 wood-inhabiting fungal species on
107 decaying logs and analyzed the data with a hierarchical community
model. Our study shows that species display different seasonal and
diurnal release patterns, with important implications for dispersal. We
also provide the first quantitative evidence that fungi face the classic
trade-off of investing either in the number or size of offspring. We
provide new angles towards understanding different fungal life history
strategies, which have implications for species’ ability to survive the
ongoing biodiversity crisis.
Impact of prior cancer on the overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma: A nomogram based on the SEER database
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Qian Jun
Published: January 2024

Background: This study aimed to identify the impact of prior cancer on
the overall survival (OS) of patients with osteosarcoma and to describe
their characteristics and then establish a nomogram. Procedure: Data of
patients with osteosarcoma diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 were
extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.
The difference was balanced by propensity score matching. Kaplan–Meier
and Cox analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of prior
cancer. Patients were randomly divided into a training cohort and a
testing cohort. A nomogram for predicting 3- and 5-year OS was
established by multivariate Cox analyses. The discriminative ability and
calibration of the nomogram were assessed by C-index values and
calibration plots. Results: In total, 615 patients were identified, of
which 103 (16.74%) had prior cancer. The most frequently reported type
was breast cancer (12.62%). Patients with prior cancer possessed a
poorer OS than those without prior cancer (p =0.023). Importantly,
patients with prior bone sarcoma, breast, gastrointestinal, and
hematological cancers had a non-inferior OS. The nomogram demonstrated
favorable discriminatory ability as indicated by the C-index (0.728).
Calibration plots indicated optimal agreement between the
nomogram-predicted survival and the actual observed survival.
Conclusions: This is the first study to report that osteosarcoma
patients with prior cancer have a poor OS and provide a novel prognostic
nomogram based on prior cancer history. Different prior cancer types had
various effects on the OS. The nomogram facilitated individual prognosis
prediction and clinical decision-making.
Risk factors of immunisation stress-related response to COVID-19 vaccination and history of allergy as a newly identified risk factor
Authors: Takano Tomonori , Hirose Masanori , Yamasaki Yukitaka , Hara Masatoshi , Okada Tomoyuki , Kunishima Hiroyuki
Published: January 2024

Abstract Background Safe vaccination worldwide is critical for
eliminating the COVID-19 pandemic elimination. We aimed to evaluate
adverse reactions to vaccination using a web-based questionnaire and to
examine the risk factors for the occurrence of immunisation
stress-related response (ISRR). Methods We conducted a questionnaire
survey using Google Form® among employees of St. Marianna University
Hospital who had received the COVID-19 vaccine between April 2021 and
May 2021, 1 week after the first and second vaccinations. We developed
and used a questionnaire to identify individuals with ISRR, according to
the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria. A generalised linear
mixed model was constructed with ISRR onset as the dependent variable,
subjects as the random factor, and each parameter as a fixed factor. A
multivariate model was constructed using the forced imputation method
with factors that were significant in the univariate analysis. Results
We enrolled 2,073 and 1,856 respondents in the first and second
questionnaire surveys, respectively. Fifty-five and 33 ISRR cases were
identified in the first and second vaccinations, respectively. In the
univariate analysis, strong pre-vaccination anxiety (odds ratio
[OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–4.12, p=0·004)
and history of allergy (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.14–2.24, p=0·007) were
significant risk factors. Multivariate analysis also showed that strong
pre-vaccination anxiety (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.15–3.80, p=0.016) and
history of allergy (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.09–2.15, p=0.014) were
significant risk factors. Conclusions Confirmation of allergy prior to
vaccination and subsequent action are essential for addressing ISRR.
Accurate vertical and adiabatic ionization potentials for some benzaldehydes using hybrid DFT, multilevel G3B3, and MP2 methods
Authors: Safi zaki , Wazzan Nuha , Aqel Halima
Published: January 2024

DFT , MP2 and G3B3 methods were used to compute the adiabatic and
vertical ionization potential for some benzaldehydes. The computed
results were compared with the experimental data. Validation of the
methods were performed using several error metrics and statistical
analysis. Results of G3B3 and DFT method showed an excellent agreement
with experimental ones. Substitution effect was also studied.
Geometrical structure changes of the examined benzaldehydes upon
ionization were followed and analyzed.
Copula-Based Dimensionality Reduction of Data on Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Classification
Authors: Badakhshan Fazel , Vajarghah kianoosh Fathi , Farnoosh Rahman
Published: January 2024

In today’s world, rapid developments in science and computers are
increasingly adding up to larger amounts of data; as a result, numerous
problems have emerged in the analysis of big data. Hence, data
dimensionality reduction can accelerate data analysis and even yield
better results without losing any useful data. This study proposes a
novel copula-based method of dimensionality reduction and then compares
it with the principal component analysis (PCA), which is usually adopted
in data mining. And we show the superiority of the new method. A copula
represents an appropriate model of dependence to compare multivariate
distributions and better detect the relationships of data. Therefore, a
copula was employed in the proposed method to identify and delete noisy
data and data of many common features from the original data. Applied to
the reduced data, classification methods are finally compared.
The viewpoint of primary school teachers on the reasons for the low level of students in mathematics in Iraq- the province of Babylon as a model
Authors: JALEL ODAY
Published: January 2024

The aim of the research is to identify the teachers’ views on the
reasons for the students’ low level in mathematics according to various
variables, including gender, academic qualification, specialization, and
experience. It was relied on a questionnaire prepared to measure the
reasons for the low level of students in mathematics. It consisted of
(28) paragraphs, each paragraph representing the possible reasons for
this decline. The study was applied to a sample of (150) male and female
teachers representing 65% of the original study population in a number
of schools in Babylon Governorate - Iraq.
Computing the equilibrium of the chemical master equation using tensors with sliding windows
Authors: Dinh Trang , Reid Brandon , Sidje Roger B.
Published: January 2024

When studying a system of chemical reactions on the cellular level, it
is often helpful to use the chemical master equation (CME) that results
from modeling the system using a continuous-time Markov chain.
Furthermore, the system’s long-term behavior can be explored by
computing the stationary solution to the CME. However, the number of
states involved grows exponentially with the number of chemical species
tracked. In some cases, the state space may even be countably inﬁnite.
To cope with this issue, a potent strategy is to restrict to a ﬁnite
state projection (FSP) and represent the transition matrix and
probability vector in quantized tensor train (QTT) format. Here, we
employ our adaptive FSP tensor-based solver with sliding windows as well
as the method of using Reaction Rate Equations (RREs) to estimate the
probability mass function when the system is in statistical equilibrium.
Using RREs, we ﬁrst cheaply get an approximation of the steady state,
which is then fed to our adaptive QTT solver to reach the equilibrium
quickly. We refer to this solver as FSP-QTT-SS. We include numerical
experiments to show the eﬃciency of our approach.
Comparing Haematoxylin-eosin with Papanicolaou Stain for Demonstration of Endometrial Cytological Examination
Authors: Feng Xue , Wang Yiran , Zhao Lanbo , Zhang Kailu , Jing Wei , Guo Lin , Wang Jinfeng , Liu Yu , Hou Huilian , Shi Guizhi , Li Qiling
Published: January 2024

Objective To provide a better pathological method for clinical diagnosis
of endometrial lesions. Design Comparing the accuracy of
hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) with Papanicolaou stain for endometrial
cytology. Setting The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong
University. Population or Sample 180 patients. Methods Endometrial
slides were stained by H-E and Papanicolaou methods, respectively. The
cytology between them were compared, with histology as standard control,
as well as the cost performance. Main Outcome Measures The dyeing degree
of satisfaction, sensitivity, specificity, Cohen’s kappa coefficient,
false positive rate, false negative rate, positive likelihood ratio,
negative likelihood ratio, Youden index, positive predictive values, and
negative predictive values. The price and service time of dye, dyeing
efficiency, and dyeing time. Results The sensitivity of H-E stain was
higher than that of Papanicolaou stain. The specificity of H-E stain was
same to that of Papanicolaou stain. Cohen’s kappa coefficient indicatied
a high consistency between them. The morphological characterization of
Papanicolaou stain were superior to those of H-E stain. The cost
performance of H-E stain was lower. Conclusions In terms of overall
evaluations and economic benefits, H-E stain is better than Papanicolaou
stain. If a small sample volume of endometrial cells, Papanicolaou stain
is recommended. Funding The Clinical Research Award of the First
Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, China, the Major Basic
Research Project of Natural Science of Shaanxi Provincial Science and
Technology Department, the Key Research and Development Project of
Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department. Keywords: H-E
stain, Papanicolaou stain, Endometrium, Cytology
Soil Water Resources Utilization Limit by Red Plum Apricot
Authors: guo zhongsheng
Published: January 2024

：Red plum apricot is a deciduous fruit tree and the best cash forest in
semiarid loess hilly regions. Since 1995, the distribution area of red
plum apricot spreads in the most of the water-limited regions, China.
The yield, benefits and plantation area of red plum apricot increase
dramatically. But along with the growth of red plum apricot tree, soil
drying appeared and sometime become sever,which influence the
yield，quality and benefits of red plum apricot. At this time, the
relationship between the soil water and red plum apricot growth must be
regulated on Soil Water Resource Use Limitation by Plant and Soil
Moisture Carrying Capacity for Vegetation. However, there are few
studies on the regulation theory. In this study, daily precipitation,
soil water suctions at different soil water content were measured, and
the maximal infiltration depth and the soil water resource use
limitation by red plum apricot was estimated. The results show that
wilting coefficient varies with soil depth from 7.98 in surface soil to
7.1% in 240 cm soil depth, and the maximal infiltration depth is 290
cm, and Soil Water Resources use limit by red plum apricot is 212.7 mm.
When the soil water resource in the maximal infiltration depth is lower
than the limit, the relationship between the soil water and red plum
apricot vegetative growth must be regulated in Red Plum Apricot
plantation for high quality production of red plum apricot.
Protective effects of Panax ginseng against doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial
Authors: Hamidian Malihe , Foroughinia Farzaneh , Haghighat Shirin , Attar Armin , Haem Elham
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: Anthracycline-based chemotherapy increases the risk of
cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients. This prospective study
evaluated the beneficial role of ginseng supplementation in alleviating
doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity besides declining left ventricular
ejection fraction (LVEF) in breast cancer patients. METHODS: Thirty
women with non-metastatic, HER-2 negative early breast cancer were
enrolled into the study. Participants received ginseng (1 g/day) or
placebo in conjugation with standard anticancer therapy.
Echocardiographic measurements were assessed at baseline, after the
final cycle of anthracycline therapy (4th cycle), and at six months of
chemotherapy (8th cycle). High-sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI)
was assessed at baseline and after the 4th cycle. Cardiotoxicity was
defined as a drop in LVEF of ≥ 10% from baseline in patients whose LVEF
was ≥ 50%. RESULTS: A significant difference in LVEF changes were
observed from baseline to the 4th cycle (-1.3 ± 1.1% vs. -5.27 ± 0.8%,
p-value = 0.006) and from baseline to the 8th cycle (0.8 ± 1.3% vs.
-7.3 ± 1.4%, p-value < 0.001) between ginseng and placebo
groups, respectively. None of the patients in the ginseng group
developed cardiotoxicity during the study period. In contrast, 1(6.7%,
p-value = 0.5) and 5 (33.3%, p-value = 0.02) patients in the placebo
group developed cardiotoxicity after the 4th and 8th cycles,
respectively. No significant difference was found regarding hs-cTnI
levels between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results,
prophylactic use of ginseng supplement may provide protection against
doxorubicin-induced early cardiotoxicity as well as early decline in
LVEF in breast cancer patients.
Sleep patterns and screen time in US school children during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hassinger Amanda , Monegro Alberto , Perez Geovanny
Published: January 2024

Objective: This study compared sleep duration, screen exposure and sleep
quality in school-aged children before COVID-19 to that during school
closures and again when schools re-opened in fall 2020. Study design:
Cross-sectional anonymous, online survey of parents of children 5-13
years old. Methods: Questions elicited information about sleep timing
and quality, screen time, and schooling at three distinct periods:
before the pandemic, when schools first closed in March 2020 and then
re-opened in the fall. Results: Respondents described 101 children who
were an average of 8.5 years old and 51% male. In lockdown, children
slept an average of 25 minutes more (95%CI 00:13-00:38) due to delays
in bedtime by 29 minutes (95%CI 0:00-0:58) and wake time by 75 minutes
(95% CI 0:57-1:34). When schools re-opened, sleep duration returned to
pre-pandemic levels, but sleep onset and offset times remained later.
Despite more sleep, sleep quality and habits (e.g. bedtime refusal)
worsened during lockdown and did not normalize in fall 2020. During
lockdown, screen time increased in 65% of all children, and 96% of
those in private schools. When school reopened in the fall, 78% of
children in hybrid/virtual learning had screen time over 4 hours daily.
Less daily screen time was associated with 2-fold higher odds of better
sleep (OR 2.66, 95%CI 1.15-6.14). Conclusions: Although, school-aged
children had an increase in sleep time when schools were closed, sleep
quality and habits worsened. Upon return to school, sleep times and
sleep quality did not normalize and were related to increased screen
time.
Rainfall-induced premature senescence modulates biochemical and essential oils profiles in Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. under sub-tropical climate
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Ghosh Dipayan , Chaudhary Neha , Chanotiya Chandan
Published: January 2024

Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér is an important aromatic plant. The
essential oil is secreted in the glandular trichomes distributed mainly
on the leaves. In India, P. graveolens is growing only in specific
climatic conditions due to the susceptibility of plants to rainfall,
high humidity and waterlogging stress. This study aims to analyze
rainfall-induced premature senescence in P. graveolens at six phenotypic
leaf senescence stages. The physiological and biochemical parameters,
cell viability, trichomes density, essential oil yield and variation in
chemical constituents were evaluated. Results show a significant
increase in chlorophyll-a and b, and a decrease in anthocyanin content.
Also, the protein content, MDA, SOD, H2O2, catalase, electrolyte leakage
was significantly higher, and cell viability decreased with the
progression of senescence. The gland density on leaves was reduced
during the advancement of senescence. The GC and GC-MS analysis showed
that the senescence significantly modulates oil constituents and oils
yield (0.048 to 0.123 %) at different senescence stages. Overall, this
study confirms that rainfall induces premature senescence in P.
graveolens, significantly affecting essential oil yield and
constituents.
Simultaneous newborn screening for sickle cell disease, biotinidase deficiency and hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 with an optimized tandem mass spectrometry protocol
Authors: Lobitz Stephan , Frömmel Claudia , Brose Annemarie , Blankenstein Oliver , Turner Charles , Dalton Neil , Daniel Yvonne , Klein Jeannette
Published: January 2024

Newborn screening is an important public health measure of secondary
prevention. With the increasing number of target conditions, there is a
growing demand to optimize laboratory processes to save patient material
and to work cost-effectively. Here, we report an adaption of the
commercially available SpotOn Clinical Diagnostics tandem mass
spectrometry test kit to detect hemoglobin fragments as well as
substrate-product pairs of biotinidase and porphobilinogen synthase at
once. The presence of specific peptides and the enzyme activities allows
to infer to disease states, i.e., sickle cell disease, biotinidase
deficiency and hereditary tyrosinemia type 1.
Semi-solid reactors with abundant electron-ion transfer interfaces for aqueous zinc-based flow batteries
Authors: Chu Fujun , Guo Leibin , Wang Shaocong , Cheng Yuanhui
Published: January 2024

Aqueous zinc-based flow batteries have received considerable attention
for large-scale energy storage due to their low cost, high safety and
readily available raw materials. However, zinc dendrite shortens the
cycle life, and limited zinc deposits at anodes reduce their capacity.
Herein, we design a semi-solid reactor with 3D interconnected
electron-ion networks to achieve high areal capacity and uniform
distribution of reactive zinc. Multi-layered graphitic felt builds
abundant avenues for electron transfer, and zinc slurry offers massive
ions transfer channels. The kinetic resistance is 21.5 Ω cm-2, about
one-twentieth of that in flood zincate solutions. The capacity is up to
100 mAh cm-2, which is among the highest values in zinc-based flow
batteries. The assembled zinc-iron flow battery delivers high coulomb
efficiency of 100% and energy efficiency of 85%. Additionally,
zinc-iron flow batteries show outstanding cycle stability over 580 hours
without performance degradation.
Rethinking the role of intraspecific variability in species coexistence
Authors: Girard-Tercieux Camille , Maréchaux Isabelle , Clark Adam , Clark James , Courbaud Benoit , Fortunel Claire , Guillemot Joannes , Kunstler Georges , Maire Guerric Le , Pelissier Raphael , Rüger Nadja , Vieilledent Ghislain
Published: January 2024

Intraspecific variability (IV) has been proposed as a new track to
explain species coexistence. Previous studies generally assumed that IV
results from intrinsic differences between conspecifics that widen
species’ fundamental niches and blur differences among species, thus
impeding stable coexistence, but also slowing down the rate of
competitive exclusion. Based on a body of evidence, we here argue that
IV does not necessarily imply differences among conspecifics, nor
species niches overlap: conspecifics differ in their measured attributes
mainly due to differences in the micro-environment they thrive in.
Consequently, they respond more similarly to environmental variation
than heterospecifics, thereby concentrating competition within species
– a necessary condition for species coexistence. We call for new
studies exploring observed IV as an outcome of species-specific
responses to high-dimensional environmental variations that can lead to
inversions of species hierarchy in space and time promoting stable
coexistence.
Directional biocatalytic production of high titer hydroxyl acid by the intensified regulation on biocatalysis
Authors: Hua Xia , Zhang ChenHui , Han Jian , Xu Yong
Published: January 2024

Hydroxyl acid has become an important chemical in the field of materials
and medicine due to its dual functional modules. Fortunately,
Gluconobacter oxydans whole-cell catalysis is on spotlight with
promising potential in bio-catalyzing polyhydroxy chemical to produce
hydroxyl acids. Therefore, straight-chain primary diols (C2-C6) were
investigated as substrates oxidized by G. oxydans. As results, we found
a fantastic critical point of methylene-number determining end-products.
G. oxydans catalyzes C4 and smaller methylene-number compounds only
forming hydroxyl acids, but C5/C6 can be converted to diacids.
Furthermore, it was important that we successfully selective and
directionality controlled the product of C5/C6 primary diols to hydroxyl
acids instead of diacids through the regulation of pH≥5.5. Finally, we
successfully produced nearly 102.3 g/L 5‑hydroxyvaleric acid during 48 h
with 99.8% yield by sealed-oxygen supply (SOS) biotechnology which is
the highest level. These findings have important reference significance
for the selective and directionality bioconversion of primary diols into
hydroxyl acids and provide a promising path for the industrial
development of hydroxyl acids with integrating C2-C6.
Application of optical methods for determination of concentration of anti-cancer drugs in body fluids
Authors: Sikora Tomasz , Mowarska Karolina , Lisowski Wiesław , Rytel Paweł , Dylong Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

Anthracycline antibiotics are among the most effective antineoplastic
agents. However, despite their high efficacy in the treatment of various
types of cancer, their administration is limited primarily because they
exhibit myocardial toxicity. This may be a limiting factor in the dosage
of medications; nevertheless, drugs exhibiting this mechanism of action
constitute a very important group of chemotherapeutics. One of the more
widely studied antibiotics from the anthracycline group is doxorubicin.
It exhibits the highest antineoplastic activity from among a number of
derivative compounds. Because of the adverse effects of doxorubicin,
especially cardiotoxicity, it is important to maintain control of its
concentration in body fluids. The aim of the presented work is a method
for rapid, simple and accurate determination of the level of doxorubicin
in blood and plasma using spectrophotometric methods. The method
consists in the study of the absorbance of light in the visible light
range in a DOX solution with respect to a reference sample.
Characteristic peaks are selected from the absorbance spectrum, and for
those peaks the wavelength at which maximum absorption occurs is
determined. The concentration of the analyte is determined by comparison
with the calibration curve.
INVERSE COEFFICIENT IDENTIFICATION BY NONLINER OPTIMIZATION IN A TWO DIMENSIONAL HYPERBOLIC PROBLEM
Authors: Subaşı Murat , Şendur Faika Derya
Published: January 2024

This paper deals with an inverse problem for identification the leading
coefficient function from the final state observation in a
two-dimensional hyperbolic problem. Since such inverse problems are
ill-posed, the study focused on finding a regularized solution. The
regularized solution is obtained by using the Levenberg-Marquardt method
in nonlinear least squares optimization. It has been observed with
numerical tests that the obtained results are quite successful.
Tolerance to exogenously added ROS examined for correlation to enhanced specific growth rates of A. platensis
Authors: Ben-Sheleg Avraham , Vonshak Avigad
Published: January 2024

Tolerance to exogenously added ROS examined for correlation to enhanced
specific growth rates of A. platensis
KCC-Jacobi Method for Analyzing Garner Cancerous Model
Authors: MISHRA TADKESHWAR , Tiwari B.
Published: January 2024

The KCC-Jacobi method has been used for analyzing Garner cancerous
model. The KCC theory is based on the assumption that the second-order
dynamical system and geodesics equation, in associated Finsler space,
are topologically equivalent. The stability (Jacobi stability) based on
KCC theory and linear stability of the model are discussed in detail.
Further, the effect of parameters on stability and presence of chaos in
the model are investigated. The asymptotic behavior of stabilities of
model are investigated. This investigation will be helpful in cancer
therapy. The numerical examples of particular interest have been taken
to compare Jacobi and linear stability and it has been found that Jacobi
stability on the basis of KCC theory is global than the linear
stability.
Allergic reactions to the Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine in South Africa
Authors: PETER Jonny , Day Cascia , Takuva Simbarashe , Takalani Azwidihwi , Engelbrecht Imke , Garrett Nigel , Goga Ameena , Louw Vernon , Opie Jessica , Jacobson Barry , Sanne Ian , Gail-Bekker Linda , Gray Glenda
Published: January 2024

Abstract ( n=254/250 words)   Background: The
Janssen-Ad26.COV2.S vaccine is authorised for use in several countries
with more than 30 million doses administered. Mild and severe allergic
adverse events following immunisation(AEFI) have been reported. The aim
of this report is to detail allergic reactions reported during the
Sisonke phase 3B study in South Africa. Methods: A single-dose
of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine was administered to 477234 South African
Healthcare Workers between 17 February and 17 May 2021. Monitoring of
adverse events used a combination of passive reporting and active case
finding. Telephonic contact was attempted for all adverse events
reported as “allergy”. Anaphylaxis adjudication was performed using
the Brighton Collaboration (BCC) and NIAID case definitions. 
Results: A large cohort of South African healthcare workers
received the Ad26.COV2.S vaccination. Only 250(0.052%) patients
reported any allergic-type reaction(less than 1 in 2000), with four
cases of adjudicated anaphylaxis (BCC level 1, n=3)(prevalence of 8.4
per million doses). All anaphylaxis cases had a prior history of drug or
vaccine-associated anaphylaxis. Cutaneous allergic reactions were the
commonest non-anaphylatic reactions and included: self-limiting,
transient/localised rashes requiring no healthcare contact(n=91); or
isolated urticaria and/or angioedema[n=70 median  onset 48(IQR
11.5-120) hours post vaccination] that necessitated healthcare
contact(81%), antihistamine(63%), and/or systemic/topical
corticosteroid(16%). All immediate (including adjudicated anaphylaxis)
and the majority of delayed AEFI(65/69) cases resolved completely.  
Conclusions: Allergic AEFI are rare following a single-dose of
Ad26.COV with complete resolution in  all cases of anaphylaxis. Though
rare, isolated, delayed onset urticaria and/or angioedema was the
commonest allergic AEFI requiring treatment, with nearly half occurring
in participants without known atopic disease.   Keywords: allergic
reaction, anaphylaxis, COVID19 adenovirus vaccine; Janssen-Ad26.COV2.S
vaccine, urticaria
Dual Role of Empathy in Job Stress, Burnout, and Intention to Leave among Addiction Specialists
Authors: Bokuchava Tamar , Javakhishvili Nino
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between job stress,
burnout and intention to leave, moderated by emotional and cognitive
empathy. Data were collected via the Maslach Burnout Inventory
(MBI-HSS), “Interpersonal Reactivity Index” (IRI) measuring
perspective-taking and empathic concern, Spielberger’s “Professional
Stress Questionnaire”, and a questionnaire measuring “Intention to
leave”. Medical doctors, nurses and psychologists working in addiction
facilities were surveyed. Data processing showed that independently, job
stress increases burnout and intention to leave. Also, either cognitive
or emotional factors of empathy prevent burnout and intention to leave,
but in interaction with each other they reduce each other’s preventing
effect. Moreover, perspective-taking enhances the effect of job stress
on intention to leave. This twofold effect of empathy for burnout and
intention to leave provides practical implications for healthcare
professionals. Key words: burnout; empathy; job stress; intention to
leave.
FUNGAL OSTEOMYELITIS OF FRONTAL BONE FOLLOWING COVID ASSOCIATED MUCORMYCOSIS
Authors: Mehta Rupa , Rao Karthik , Nagarkar Nitin , Sharma Anil , Singh Ambesh , Kumar Badal , P Karthik
Published: January 2024

Introduction - The second wave of COVID 19 lead to resurgence of
opportunistic infections due to injudicious use of steroids. Sinonasal
Mucormycosis was declared as an epidemic during the pandemic. The
mucormycosis was managed effectively by surgical debridement along with
systemic amphotericin B. Now, following the initial treatment of
mucormycosis there is a resurgence, in the form of fungal osteomyelitis
of the frontal bone. Methods – the prospective study included the cases
from ten patients with fungal osteomyelitis of frontal bone due to
mucormycosis, all the patients underwent surgical debridement of
sequestrum and involucrum with systemic antifungals. Results - The
average duration of the recurrence was 22 days following the initial
treatment Range (10 days to 33 days). Extracranial bossing following
outer frontal cortex erosion in 30% of cases, bicortical erosion in
30%, bifrontal involvement (20%), dural involvement (30%), brain
parenchymal involvement and prefrontal cortex (20%) case. All cases
underwent debridement of entire sequestrous bone and involucrum till
normal bone was identified. The mean duration of admission was 4 weeks
(3 to 6 weeks). All treated patients are currently alive without
disease, confirmed by CECT. Conclusion - The successful treatment of
fungal osteomyelitis due to mucormycosis requires four pronged approach
(1) early detection (2) multidisciplinary management of comorbidities
(3) surgical debridement of necrotic bone and (4) adequate systemic
antifungal therapy. Long term outcomes of fungal osteomyelitis of
frontal bone are yet to be established
Association Between Presence of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine Scar and Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Ozturk Buket Caliskaner , Vardaloglu Ilgim , Öngel Deniz , Mazican Nejdiye , Senkardesler Gizem , Aliyeva Nigar , Ismayilova Aytan , Can Gunay , Balkan Ilker Inanc , Gemicioglu Bilun , Borekci Sermin
Published: January 2024

Objective: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is
administered for protection against tuberculosis and may also have
beneficial effects against some viral respiratory tract infections. The
low incidence and mortality of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in
countries that have BCG vaccination program is impressive, and some
studies have shared contradictory results. In this study, it was aimed
to investigate the relationship between BCG vaccination which is
confirmed by BCG scar, and the frequency and course of COVID-19.
Methods: Among 490 patients who applied to the outpatient
clinic for Pulmonary and Enfectious Diseases between March 2021 and June
2021, 400 patients who accepted to participate in the study were
included. After the consent of patients; age, gender, body mass index,
comorbidities, smoking, history and the progress of COVID-19 of these
patients were investigated; presence and number of BCG scar were
recorded by physician. Data from groups with and without COVID-19
history were compared. Results: Of the 400 patients 228 (57%)
were female. Mean age was 39.65 ± 13.53. 188 (47%) patients had a
history of COVID-19. There was no relation between presence and number
of the BCG scar and COVID-19 related hospitalization and intensive care
unit admission. When groups with and without COVID-19 history compared,
no statistically significant difference was found with the presence and
number of BCG scars (p>0,05). Conclusion: No
association was found between the presence or number of BCG scars and
the frequency and course of COVID-19 in individuals with BCG vaccination
history confirmed by the presence of BCG vaccine scars.
Solving difficulties in transseptal sheath crossing: the shoehorn technique.
Authors: BENEZET-MAZUECOS JUAN , ROSADO ALVARO LOZANO , CROSA JULIAN , DAZA ANGELICA MARIA ROMERO
Published: January 2024

Transseptal sheath crossing sometimes can be challenging. We present the
shoehorn technique to solve this situation. This maneuver consists of
removing back a tetrapolar electrode previously placed in the left
atrium through the transseptal puncture hole while we try to progress
the sheath through it as well, expanding the hole and permitting the
sheath to cross safely the transseptal puncture.
Spike Proteins of SARS –CoV-2: a detailed perspective on structure, receptor binding, antigenicity, vaccine development and neutralization
Authors: Mukhtar Hamid , Shah Zinnia , Rafique Mahnoor , Amer Ayza , Lodhi Aneeza
Published: January 2024

Spike proteins are heavily glycosylated, small protrusions located on
the envelops of coronavirus. These proteins are the characteristic
morphological features of coronavirus that give the virus family its
name, and are alone responsible for the virulence, pathogenicity, and
evolving tropism of these viruses. SARS-CoV-2 shows higher affinity
towards its target, ACE-2 receptors in human subjects. This affinity is
the result of mutations in its spike protein gene – as revealed through
genomic sequencing. Being central to the viral structure, SARS-CoV-2
spike proteins and their receptor binding domains are the preferred
platforms for vaccine development. The administration of neutralizing
monoclonal antibodies is also being employed along with vaccines to
accelerate viral shedding. Various expression and purification
strategies are discussed in the paper to provide an updated overview of
the SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic landscape. The development of
antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is still a possible risk linked to
the newly developed vaccines and needs to be studied. These challenges
demand further research and an innovative approach to expand the
therapeutic utility of coronavirus spike proteins.
Comparative Analysis of Classical Primary Continuous and Novel Technique Uterine Suturing Methods on Uterine Scar Formation after Caesarian Section: A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: ERKAYIRAN UGURKAN , ARSLANCA Tufan
Published: January 2024

Objective: The study investigated isthmocele rate, residual myometrium
thickness, blood loss, and closure lengths by comparing the classical
primary continuous(CPCS) and novel technique uterine suturing (NTUS)
after caesarian. Design: All patients were divided into two groups
according to suture technique. Setting: CPCS was applied to the patients
in Group-1, while the NTUS was applied in Group-2 as Z suture on both
corners and 8 sutures in the remaining middle part incision closure.
Population: A total of 402 C/S patients were included in this
single-center prospective clinical study. Main Outcome Measures:
Patients in the NTUS group bleed lesser than in the CPCS groups
(p<0.0001). Incision length after closure was longer in the
CPCS than in the NTUS (p<0.0001). Similarly, the number of
sutures we applied was higher in the CPCS (p<0.0001). In the
comparison of residual myometrium thickness, the mean values measured
197±50 mm in the NTUS and 146±39 mm in the CPCS (p<0.0001).
Results: Residual myometrium thickness showed a negative strong
correlation with incision length after closure (r=-0,436;
p<0.0001), how many times the needles have been passed
(r=-0,423; p<0.0001) and time for suturing (r=-0,237;
p<0.0001). NTUS and CPCS groups were similar in comparison to
isthmocele. Conclusions: The NTUS, termed Erkayiran’s suture, showed a
successful reflection in our surgical cesarean section application
compared to the classical suture. Although the occurrence of isthmocele
in patients was similar, results were quite successful operationally in
terms of both minimal blood loss and increased residual myometrium
thickness.