bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KOREAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT AND AN INDIAN TEXT, ZAVERCHAND MEGHANI’S ASIA NU KALANK (THE INFAMY OF ASIA)
Authors: Bhatt Divyeshkumar Devendraprasad
Published: March 2022

Human civilizations on the earth have a curious history. In the initial phases it is common that different human groups in the different parts of the world initiated their struggles to establish their stable, safe and secure habitats. In this their struggle went on with the natural phenomenon and overpowering them. But the very next phase on the timeline displays the horrible part of colonialism in which the powerful nations under their pride, and in order to prove their sovereignty tried to crush and overpower those who were weak, gullible or unorganized. The colonial powers firstly entered the foreign land with either mercantile purpose, then took charge of the political authorities and lastly took the reins of the entire administration of those nations in their hands. In general understandings and opinions the Western especially the European Nations ransacked the globe and established their colonies in all corners of the world. The rest of the world was on the receiving end. Be it Africa, America, Australia or Asia, the European hegemony ruled supreme in the domain of political establishments during the 18th, 19th and the major part of 20th centuries on the map of the world. In compare to the European atrocities towards the colonized subjects, the other cultures seemed honest and self sufficient who never tried to gulp down the territories of other nation or cultures through their armed forces or through their political sagacity. Adverse to this kind of generalizations, Japan exercised her atrocious military powers on her neighboring, peace loving nation Korea. This comes as a shock to the writer, when he studies the oppressive measures undertaken by the Japanese Administration to suppress the non-violent, disciplined movement of the 20 million Koreans to free their ‘Mother Korea’ from the shackles of oppressive foreign rulers. And he undertakes an exercise to write down a full length book depicting this struggle of Koreans in a vernacular Indian Language, Gujarati. This author is Zaverchand Meghani and his book is Asia Nu Kalank. (The Infamy of Asia)
CONSIDERATIONS IN LANGUAGE TESTING AND THE MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST
Authors: Barad Meenakshi , Chaitanya E. Krishna , Reddy V. Aparna
Published: March 2022

Tests may be used to measure what students have learnt and what teachers have taught. They are the strongest motivation for students to study. In this paper firstly I will introduce the various aspects and factors to be considered when Testing. There are different kinds of tests like Achievement tests and Proficiency tests. These can take the form of either Subjective or Objective tests. Starting with all the choices that testers have in: administration, format, materials, the scoring method and the test items that can be used, this paper illustrates the concepts of Validity and Reliability. The notion of Washback is also examined. We will then examine the characteristics of a good test, while laying down some guidelines for developing multiple-choice items.
CRITIQUE OR RATIONALITY: THE CONUNDRUM OF MODERNITY
Authors: Dalal Jyoti , Anand Chetan , Tuli Mila
Published: March 2022

This paper is an attempt to contextualize the movement from positivism to critique to provide one way to be able think through the entanglement of reason and critique in modernity. Modernity with all its emphasis on rules and laws comes with rationality that changes the way societies have been ordered and structured. Schooling stands as an important site to understand some of these shifts where scientific rationality brings in the disciplinary apparatus that covers a wide range on systemic and epistemic violence. By delving on the paradox of modernity, the paper argues how critique as an idea emerged simultaneously with the ever-growing power of rationality. Kant in his famous critical project tried joining the two into a single constituent, yet critique kept coming back with the movement of Frankfurt school, where it distanced itself from reason. Subsequently with the work of Michel Foucault, critique was not completely taken over by the forces of modernity, and instead emerged as a response to modernity. This paper argues that the idea of critique provides us with an opening to some of the questions that education system in India is struggling with. These questions become significant to trace the anxieties of democracy, and provide a better vantage point to have a grasp on our political economy. By providing space to critique, the paper salvages it by using Foucault’s frame that becomes central to the project of desubjectification – central to education systems
Tingkat Pengetahuan Siswa tentang Kelainan Refraksi Mata
Authors: Risma Dede , Hermawan Heri , Subekti Trisno
Published: March 2022

Kelainan refraksi merupakan pembiasan sinar pada mata ditentukan oleh media penglihatan yang terdiri atas kornea, cairan mata, lensa, badan kaca, dan panjangnya bola mata. Kelainan refraksi biasa disebabkan oleh adanya faktor kebiasaan membaca terlalu dekat sehingga menyebabkan kelelahan pada mata (astenopia) dan radiasi cahaya yang berlebihan yang diterima mata, di antaranya adalah radiasi cahaya komputer dan televisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Gambaran Pengetahuan Kelainan Refraksi di SMK Negeri 2 Bandung kelas XI jurusan Multimedia di tahun 2021. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif. populasi siswa sebanyak 58 orang dengan Total Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa tentang kelainan refraksi meliputi pengetahuan Responden dalam kategori kurang berjumlah 41 orang (70.7%), 8 responden cukup (13.8%) dan sebanyak 9 responden baik (15.5%). Tingkat pengetahuan tentang Kelainan Refraksi Miopia menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan responden dalam kategori kurang berjumlah 34 orang (58.6%), Cukup 11 responden (19.0%) dan Baik 13 responden (22.4%). Tingkat pengetahaun tentang Kelainan Refraksi Astigmatisme menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan responden dalam kategori kurang berjumlah 33 orang (56.6%), Cukup 13 responden (22.4%) dan Baik 12 responden (20.7%). Tingkat pengetahaun tentang Kelainan Refraksi Hipermetropia menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan responden dalam kategori kurang berjumlah 43 orang (74.1%), Cukup 9 responden (15.5%) dan Baik 6 responden (10.3%).
RUSSIAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COMPLEX: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   VEB.RF, KLEPACH ANDREY N.
Published: March 2022

The development of science and technology is considered as the leading driver of economic and social development in the 21st century. At the same time, despite some achievements, the scientific and technological complex of Russia is lagging behind in the scientific and technological race unfolding in the world. R&D spending is stagnating and the number of researchers continues to decline. Not only a sharp increase in funding for research and development is overdue, but also a radical restructuring of the system of managing science and technological development, and an improvement in the status of scientists and science as a whole.
THE ROLE OF THE HR-BRAND IN THE ORGANIZATION OF WORK PROCESSES OF COMPANIES IN THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS
Authors:   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, POPOVA POLINA A. , KOPYLOVA LARISA E. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
Published: March 2022

The article considers the theoretical and practical aspects of the role of the HR-brand in the conditions of competition of oil and gas companies in the labor market. The article presents the relationship between building a positive employer brand and increasing the overall level of staff involvement in the development of the organization, as well as optimizing work processes in general. In the context of the long-term economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, even large oil and gas companies around the world are experiencing a shortage of highly qualified personnel. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts and develop measures to improve the HR-brand in order to create an attractive place of work for both its employees and applicants.
CREATIVITY AS SOCIAL CRITIQUE: A CASE STUDY OF THE OPERA HAVE A GOOD DAY!
Authors: Paltanavičiūtė Justina
Published: March 2022

The article explores the communication of social critique in contemporary art. The article aims to reveal the connections between art and politics existing in the theory of art aesthetics and art practice. Empirical research: the content analysis of critical reviews allowed to determine that the pronouncements of the authors and the official agenda presentation of a work of art that potentially articulates a political message but is considered hermetic affect and indicate the direction of reception. An example of contemporary opera was deliberately chosen for the research. Contemporary opera is often considered as a hermetic domain of creativity, solving only aesthetic, but not sociopolitical challenges. However, from the very first examples, the opera genre has been treated as an improvised and aestheticized public sphere, enabling to communicate ideology principles of the dominant political power or, conversely, to demonstrate social criticism to those in power. Opera research that focuses on political aspects is usually based on the musicological paradigm conducted on the basis of analysis of aesthetic regime -opera as a work of art communicating a socio-political message is still rarely explored. However, contemporary artists often creatively rely on politically active narratives and themes. This enables the opera genre to be seen as a platform for political communication.
Family Empowerment Psychoeducation on Family Support Caring of Children Diarrhea
Authors: Badi’ah Atik , Mendri Ni Ketut , Palestin Bondan , Subargus Amin , Huriah Titih , Khasanah Furaida , Najib Mohammad , Murwani Arita , Aziz Muhammad Abdul
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Families with family members experiencing illness are traumatic experiences. Family empowerment through psychoeducation is one of the interventions to caring for families with children under 5 who experience diarrhea. This intervention can provide educational information to families regarding problems caring for children under 5 with diarrhea, management of diarrhea under 5 years of age, and family support in caring for children under 5 with diarrhea. The preliminary study showed that nurses and health workers did not provide psychoeducation to families.

AIM: This study aims to know the effect of the family empowerment psychoeducation on family support in caring for children diarrhea at the primary health center.

METHODOLOGY: This study is a quasi-experiment research with pre- and post-test control group design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using pair t-test, Wilcoxon independent t-test, and Mann–Whitney with a significant level of p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Before being given family empowerment through psychoeducation, family support was mainly in the good category as many as 34 respondents (73.9%), and after the intervention, the good category increased to 95.7%. In the intervention group, there is different family support in caring for children under 5 with diarrhea pre-test and post-test after being given family empowerment through psychoeducation with p (sig) < 0.05. There are no differences in family support between the intervention and control groups after family empowerment psychoeducation.

CONCLUSION: There is an effect of the family empowerment psychoeducation on family support in caring for childhood diarrhea in primary health centers in the intervention group.
Great capricorn beetle-created corridors as refuges for lizards
Authors: Borczyk Bartosz , Gottfried Iwona , Urban Radosław G. , Kania Jarosław
Published: March 2022

Ecosystem engineering is among the most important factors shaping ecosystems; however, it remains largely unstudied. Here, we present observations on three lizard species, the common lizard Zootoca vivipara, the sand lizard Lacerta agilis, and the slow worm Anguis fragilis, which use habitats created by the great capricorn beetle, Cerambyx cerdo. These galleries are heavily used by the common lizards and young sand lizards. We discuss the possible advantages of such beetle-created habitats for reptiles: antipredator refuges, hibernation sites, thermoregulatory behaviour, and preying activities. Since previous studies have reported numerous invertebrate species as well as vertebrates (including bats and snakes) in these refugia, we find the great capricorn beetle-inhabited oaks as potentially important microhabitats for a variety of animals.
Neutronics and burnup analysis of VVER-1000 LEU and MOX assembly computational benchmark using OpenMC Code
Authors: Hossain Md. Imtiaj , Akter Yasmin , Fardin Mehraz Zaman , Mollah Abdus Sattar
Published: March 2022

A handful of computational benchmarks that incorporate VVER-1000 assemblies having low enriched uranium (LEU) and the mixed oxide (MOX) fuel have been put forward by many experts across the world from the Nuclear Energy Agency. To study & scrutinize the characteristics of one of the VVER-1000 LEU & MOX assembly benchmarks in different states were considered. In this work, the VVER-1000 LEU and MOX Assembly computational-benchmark exercises are performed using the OpenMC software. The work was intended to test the preciseness of the OpenMC Monte Carlo code using nuclear data library ENDF/B-VII.1, against a handful of previously obtained solutions with other computer codes. The kinf value obtained was compared with the SERPENT and MCNP result, which presented a very good similarity with very few deviations. The kinf variation with respect to burnup upto 40 MWd/kgHM was obtained for State-5 by using OpenMC code for both the LEU and MOX fuel assembly. The depletion curves of isotope concentrations against burnup upto 40 MWd/kg/HM were also generated for both the LEU and MOX fuel assembly. The OpenMC results are comparable with those of benchmark mean values. The neutron energy vs flux spectrum was also generated by using OpenMC code. Based on the OpenMC results such as kinf, burnup, isotope concentrations and neutron energy spectrum, it is concluded that the OPenMC code with ENDF/B-VII.1 nuclear data library was successfully implemented. It is planned to use OpenMC code for calculation of neutronics and burnup of the VVER-1200 reactor to be commissioned in Bangladesh by 2023/2024.
Corrigendum: Kolanowska M, Baranow P, Nowak S, Fuentes A (2021) Materials to the revision of the genus Cranichis (Orchidaceae) in Bolivia. PhytoKeys 186: 11–41. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.186.71499
Authors: Kolanowska Marta , Baranow Przemysław , Nowak Sławomir , Fuentes Alfredo
Published: March 2022

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Healthy Choices: Transforming Our Hospitals into Environmentally Healthy and Safe Places
Authors: Sattler Barbara , Hall Kathryn
Published: March 2022

While it is commonly understood that the quality of the air we breath and the water we drink can impact our health, it is often more difficult to recognize that our choices of the health care products, along with the way we dispose of them, and the chemicals we spray on our foods or use to clean and disinfect may actually compromise the environment and consequently our health. This article will guide nurses and other health care professionals as they transform our hospitals into environmentally healthy and safe places by helping them adhere to environmentally preferable purchasing policies, follow environmentally conscious waste management strategies, decrease use of chemical pollutants, promote use of healthy foods, and provide leadership in environmental stewardship
Mandatory Hospital Nurse to Patient Staffing Ratios: Time to Take a Different Approach
Authors: Welton John
Published: March 2022

Proponents of mandatory, inpatient nurse-to-patient staffing ratios have lobbied state legislatures and the United States Congress to enact laws to improve overall working conditions in hospitals. Proposed minimum, nurse-to-patient staffing ratios, such as those enacted by California, are intended to address a growing concern that patients are being harmed by inadequate staffing related to increasing severity of illness and complexity of care. However, mandatory ratios, if imposed nationally, may result in increased overall costs of care with no guarantees for improvement in quality or positive outcomes of hospitalization. The costs associated with the additional registered nurses that will be needed for the higher, mandated ratios will not be offset by additional payments to hospitals, resulting in mandates that will be unfunded. An alternative approach would be to provide a market-based incentive to hospitals to optimize nurse staffing levels by unbundling nursing care from current room and board charges, billing for nursing care time (intensity) for individual patients, and adjusting hospital payments for optimum nursing care. The revenue code data, used to charge for inpatient nursing care, could be used to benchmark and evaluate inpatient nursing care performance by case mix across hospitals. A nursing intensity adjustment to hospital payment, such as that described above, has already been endorsed by national nursing organizations. Efforts to implement this model nationwide within the next few years have already been initiated. This article will argue for the benefits of implementing a nursing intensity adjustment for nursing care by briefly reviewing the process by which nurses lost their economic independence; describing the gap between the supply and demand for registered nurses; presenting the arguments for and against mandatory, nurse-to-patient staffing ratios; offering a different approach for increasing the number of registered nurses at the bedside, namely nursing intensity billing; proposing sources of funding to pay for nursing intensity billing; and identifying limitations of nursing intensity billing.
Cost-Utility Analysis: A Method of Quantifying the Value of Registered Nurses
Authors: Vanhook Patricia
Published: March 2022

Cost-utility analysis is one method of determining the cost effectiveness of nursing interventions. It is heralded by the World Health Organization as the measure to determine allocation of resources. This method of measurement includes calculation of both the cost of quality-adjusted life years (QALY) and the cost of disability-adjusted life years (DALY). The purpose of this article is to present cost-utility analysis as a relevant measure for describing the value of registered nurses. First the article will present a short overview of cost effectiveness, along with a discussion of two cost-effectiveness measures, cost-effective analysis and cost-utility analysis. Then the measurement of quality-adjusted life years and disability-adjusted life years will be presented. The article will conclude by challenging nurses to develop cost-utility analyses into a meaningful and useful methodology that can provide nursing with a process to measure the economic outcomes of our nursing interventions.
L’intime, la rencontre, la tendresse…
Authors: Robine Jean-Marie
Published: March 2022

Je n’aime pas utiliser le concept de “relation”. Trop large, trop vague. Bien entendu, je sais qu’une relation peut être “soignante”, mais je sais aussi que toute psychopathologie a été créée par la relation. Aussi, pas à pas, j’essaie d’explorer certains composants de la “relation“ thérapeutique qui peuvent focaliser notre intérêt et contribuer à déplier et comprendre ce qui se passe dans ce face à face si spécifique. L’intime est un concept intéressant parce qu’il désigne à la fois au “plus intérieur“ et une manière très particulière d’être très proche avec l’autre. Peut-être que “rencontre“ pourrait être considéré comme une extension de notre paradigme de contact, lorsque le contact naît et se développe entre deux personnes ? Dans notre contexte thérapeutique, on fait souvent référence à “l’amour“. Est-ce une référence appropriée ? Pourquoi pas plutôt la tendresse qui me semble mieux désigner une attitude thérapeutique qui n’exclut pas pour autant la confrontation et la distance. Des pistes à continuer de creuser…
Algebraicity of foliations on complex projective manifolds, applications
Authors: Campana Frédéric
Published: March 2022

This is an expository text, originally intended for the ANR 'Hodgefun' workshop, twice reported, organised at Florence, villa Finaly, by B. Klingler. We show that holomorphic foliations on complex projective manifolds have algebraic leaves under a certain positivity property: the 'non pseudoeffectivity' of their duals. This permits to construct certain rational fibrations with fibres either rationally connected, or with trivial canonical bundle, of central importance in birational geometry. A considerable extension of the range of applicability is due to the fact that this positivity is preserved by the tensor powers of the tangent bundle. The results presented here are extracted from [1], which is inspired by the former results [2,3,4]. In order to make things as simple as possible, we present here only the projective versions of these results, although most of them can be easily extended to the logarithmic or 'orbifold' context.
Archive-lensing of fan franchise histories: Chronicle, guide, catalyst
Authors: Comerford Chris , Krikowa Natalie
Published: March 2022

Archives of fan knowledge for pop-culture franchises serve as important historical repositories of knowledge that are created, curated, and maintained by passionate fans. The archive—both historically and in the contemporary form of the fan wiki—serves as an important motivation in terms of creating further fan knowledge and nostalgically returning to knowledge that has already been historicized. Fan archives serve as important narrative and cultural-history touchstones. We investigate Star Trek's wiki, Memory Alpha; the Battlestar Galactica wiki; and the Xena: Warrior Princess AUSXIP archive as examples of current and historical archives. Collectively, they articulate the concept of archive-lensing, whereby three distinct modes of fan franchise archive engagement can be seen: the archive as chronicle, providing new information; the archive as guide, orienting new and old fans to franchise content; and the archive as catalyst, stoking a return—nostalgic or otherwise—to a franchise that has been dormant.
The fan-historian
Authors: Stevens E. Charlotte , Webber Nick
Published: March 2022

The compound term fan-historian may be used to describe fans who engage in a wide range of memory, archival, and other past-focused fan work, which helps make sense of the past and makes it usable for their communities. Fan-historians may thus be described in an inclusive way that recognizes the common practices that exist between the work of fans and historians; both take curatorial and transformative approaches to knowledge. This formulation also emphasizes the fact that fans are participants in historical work, not merely its subjects. Fan-historians thus work as both fans and historians to produce fan-historical work. This labor is centrally important to fan communities and vital in light of the established links between history and power.
Twitch (still) plays Pokémon: When spectators become archivists
Authors: Emmanouloudis Argyrios
Published: March 2022

In 2014, an anonymous user changed the way that game streaming worked. Through the channel of Twitch Plays Pokémon on Twitch, viewers were able to control and play the classic Pokémon Red game in real time. Without any prompt from the stream's management, fans started documenting the stream's history and records. I examine how this case transcends the regular case of user-generated fan art and becomes one of the first examples of pure fan-generated narrative, often through references to archived material.
Perceived Efficacy of Google Classroom Usage in Varied English Courses
Authors: Ekahitanond Visara
Published: March 2022

This study assessed students’ perceptions on efficacy of Google Classroom when it was used as a learning support for big-size classes with a number of students in English courses. The online application as a teaching assistance was implemented to offer students more opportunities to review and get engaged with the course materials and contents in order to increase their practice, performance, motivation, and confidence in learning. The questionnaire survey was distributed to collect feedback from 211 students, and the interview was also conducted to twenty students to get more detail on the use of Google Classroom. The findings revealed that the students had good perceptions on the use of Google Classroom as a tool to support English learning. When factors were analyzed to find out whether they had any impacts on perceptions, it was found that students with prior experience of using Google Classroom had better perceptions than first-time users while male and female students did not differ in their perceptions. The result also showed that the students’ perceptions of Google Classroom efficacy were not significantly different in general English course and English for specific purposes course.
Evaluation of the Information-based Teaching Design Abilities of Educators in Blended Teaching
Authors: Wang Ya
Published: March 2022

Information-based teaching is a process where the information technologies are actively integrated with the curriculum system, teaching objectives and teaching content. In order to improve the information-based teaching design abilities of teachers, it is of practical significance to study the criteria and methods for evaluating their information-based teaching design abilities under the online and offline blended teaching model. Based on the visualized measurement results of the keyword co-occurrence network, this paper constructed an evaluation indicator system for the information-based teaching design abilities of teachers under the online and offline blended teaching model, and gave the detailed steps of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. In order to identify the improvements in the information-based teaching design abilities of teachers, it established a neural network prediction model for the information-based teaching design ability set of teachers based on the given evaluation indicator sample time series. At last, the scientificity of the proposed evaluation indicator system was verified through a test, with the prediction results of the model given.
Generation and Optimization of Teaching Decision Generation Under a Smart Teaching Environment
Authors: Shi Lei , Wu Xiaoling
Published: March 2022

Teaching decisions need to be optimized to guide learners to stick to the right learning method, and maintain learning interests. However, the existing evaluation systems for college teachers’ teaching decision ability cannot adapt to online teaching decision-making. What is worse, the previous studies on college teachers’ teaching decisions rarely consider online teaching decision-making. Therefore, this paper attempts to optimize college teachers’ teaching decision under the smart teaching environment. Specifically, the roadmap of teaching decision generation and optimization was presented, the teaching decision bases were specified for different teaching decision scenarios, and a teaching decision model was established under the smart teaching environment. In addition, teaching decisions were generated based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm, and optimized by certain rules under the experience replay mechanism. The proposed algorithm was proved effective and feasible through experiments.
Do the New Global Challenging Issues Make Us Desperate?
Authors: Akkaya Şahin
Published: March 2022

The aim is to elaborate global health issues, internet architecture, and the peaceful use of space because these new global challenging issues have global public goods aspects and very powerful effects on global welfare. First of all, internet architecture, prevention of global infectious diseases, space research, space mining, and space pollution have direct and indirect effects on ensuring the efficiency and continuity of the free market economy. Secondly, global healthcare services for the prevention of global epidemic diseases and the reduction of space pollution are closely related to scientific advances and technological developments. Finally, space explorations, space mining, and space pollution have different features from other topics discussed in the study. The prevention of environmental pollution from mining activities on the Earth and the prevention of space pollution have global welfare effects through not only using the Earth's orbit more effectively but also reducing the damages coming from inactive spacecrafts and satellites entering the Earth's atmosphere.
The Prisoner's Dilemma During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ergüder Başak
Published: March 2022

This study aims to analyze the healthcare systems and economic stimulus packages implemented in world economy during the pandemic. This study analyzed the effects of the pandemic on the public choices of the countries. The public finance dilemma has occurred in all countries, which were faced with a dilemma between a limited economic effect or lowest mortality during the pandemic. In the study, the selected countries' strategies towards the combat of the pandemic will be analyzed in the scope of the prisoner's dilemma game. In this context, the strategies gravitated towards implementing economic stimulus packages to reduce economic damage. Besides, the healthcare systems of the countries will be analyzed in terms of the effects of health policies on reducing mortality.
Internationalization in Health Services
Authors: Castro Andreia , Alves Cláudia , Fernandes Vera , Moreira António Carrizo
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to review the literature on health services internationalization and to identify the most addressed themes using the Scopus platform. Six articles were analyzed in detail and contributed to the results and discussion. The literature was found to highlight the internationalization of medical services mainly in developed countries. However, emerging countries have felt the need to adapt their services to international competitiveness. The potential of these initiatives has encouraged governments to restructure their hospital infrastructure. This growth, in the countries of origin, is a consequence of outdated, slower, and overloaded services and the difficulty of access to alternative treatments. This study summarizes the reasons, motives, and decision-making processes that lead patients to opt for services outside their home country.
Green Economy Policies and Financing the Green New Deal
Authors: Carikci Cagri
Published: March 2022

The main topic of this chapter is climate finance, which will have a lot of influence on the agenda in the coming years. The concept of climate finance can be explained as follows: UNFCCC projects that developed countries, which have historically more responsibility for the climate crisis, offer financial support to developing and poor countries, which are most vulnerable to the negative effects of the climate crisis, and have low capacity to cope with these effects so that they can fulfil their responsibilities and overcome these negative effects. The general name for this support, which is implemented as part of and through certain mechanisms, is ‘climate finance'. In this context, the chapter will first discuss the concept of green economy, then establish its relation to tax policies, and finally, explain the concept of climate finance and briefly discuss the structure and global actors of climate finance.
Optimal VAT on Financial Services
Authors: Peña Guillermo
Published: March 2022

Recently, the European Commission is re-examining the VAT regime of financial services in Europe. This chapter deals with the important topic of the indirect taxation of financial services, studying firstly the consequences of an eventual shift from exemption of these services on VAT to taxing them based on previous literature and using an overlapping generations (OLG) model, and finally, analyzing the optimal way for taxing financial services under VAT. Theoretical results show a beneficial pass from exemption to taxation of this kind of services. There is a tax reform proposal in two alternative and equivalent fashions. As the model shows, this reform would eliminate under-taxation of households and over-taxation of businesses. This would decrease the prices of non-financial goods and services and would reach an optimal policy design for the tax system. Finally, an additional tax rule is provided to determine whether the proposed tax rate on pure interest should be higher or lower than a usual direct tax on income.
Do Trade Creation and Trade Diversion Effects Differ Due to the Income Levels of Countries in the Era of Globalization?
Authors: Kiziltan Anna
Published: March 2022

This chapter applies the gravity model approach to examine the trade creation and trade diversion effects in terms of total trade, export, and import for 86 countries over 1994-2018. To evaluate the possible difference between countries, the analyzing sample is divided into three groups: high income, upper middle, and lower middle income countries. Therefore, specific for each income level group, trade creation and trade diversion effects are estimated by Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimator. Moreover, along with this, the trade potential for each group and even for each country is calculated based on the estimated results. The results indicate that even in average, the country groups look like they reached their trade potential. The country-based analysis reveals that there is vital potential to expand trade relations. In this context, the findings point out the possibility of increasing income level by developing trade potential, especially in continuously rising globalization.
Evaluating Urban Sensing Within Engaged Planning and Design
Authors: Mondschein Andrew , El Khafif Mona
Published: March 2022

Civic technology models propose that urban environmental sensing and analysis can inform community-based decision making, but technology-driven planning and design is still subject to systemic challenges including a lack of community trust and local government capacities. This chapter examines the problem of integrating urban sensing into engaged planning and design. The authors assess the outcomes of two planning and design efforts in Virginia, USA utilizing the community-centered urban sensing (CCUS) and engagement platform. Developed by planners, urban designers, landscape architects, and data scientists at the University of Virginia, CCUS addresses the need for actionable information on the urban environment through community-engaged urban data collection and analysis. The cases provide evidence for the importance of engagement around sensing itself. Based on these findings, the authors propose a conceptualization of urban sensing applications that accounts for a range of local contexts from high capacity and trust to dysfunction and mistrust.
Health Mobility, Telemedicine, and Local Areas
Authors: Occelli Sylvie , Dalmasso Marco
Published: March 2022

Telemedicine solutions help improve the delivery of and access to healthcare services. The recent pandemic has given a burst to the use of telemedicine services, allowing to overcome or set aside, at least temporarily, some of the difficulties which usually hamper the implementation of innovative services. It has also spurred a new attention to the issues of access to healthcare services, and to the role telemedicine services could play in overcoming or reducing the physical distance between patients and healthcare premises. This study makes a preliminary step to sharpen the topics for the Piedmont region. Data retrieved from the Regional Health Information System are used to profile the health mobility pattern in the regional local areas, through a set of spatial performance indicators. A few hypotheses of the possible impact of telemedicine on health mobility are formulated and their impact is investigated in an exploratory analysis of the regional health flows.
COVID-19 and Citizen Engagement in Sustainable Mobility Planning
Authors: Gogola Marian , Kubaľák Stanislav , Cerny Mikulas
Published: March 2022

The situation over the COVID-19 pandemic has affected and continues to affect the mobility of the population in several countries. Traditional approaches in transport planning have had to be replaced by new methods using digital technologies and e-planning methods. The COVID-19 pandemic brought the opportunity to use such a situation to enhance feedback from the citizen's perspective. This chapter describes the approach of population involvement through e-planning in the field of sustainable mobility. The case study itself is made based on data from the town of Banská Bystrica, where the process of preparing the strategic document Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan began last year. It can be stated that perhaps also thanks to the COVID-19 pandemic, the population was involved to a much greater extent than in other periods.
Pandemic Reminders About Inclusivity and Accessibility
Authors: Crain de Galarce Patricia Jean , Cusack Sue , Lavergne Anthea
Published: March 2022

Using the case study of a second-grade urban educator, this chapter details her approach to teaching and learning during the 2020-2021 pandemic school year and makes clear how equitable remote learning spaces are designed. The authors examine the instructional moves that provide a diverse classroom of students with opportunities to learn, demonstrate their knowledge, and affirm their voice and identity. The purpose of this chapter is to 1) retell this educator's journey during the pandemic to pivot her practice in ways that demonstrate lessons we can learn about inclusion, accessibility, and equity in remote classrooms; 2) explore the equitable and inclusive practices of remote learning that support meeting all students' needs; and 3) endorse the position that the application of these inclusive practices should not fade away when the pandemic ends but remain an integral part of teacher preparation and student learning.
Microbiological Water Quality
Authors: Baena Jonathan Vincent , Hurtado Ayala Lilia Angelica , Serafin Idanya Rubi
Published: March 2022

This chapter aims to visualize in the first instance the approach that is handled in terms of the use and types of water in the pharmaceutical industry and the importance of quality control of the same in the field of the pharmaceutical industry, as well as the issue of how water for pharmaceutical use can become a pollutant specifically in water niches and how this can cause an impact on clinical, environmental, and food health. Other aspects that the authors comment on are some strategies to decrease the impact of water contamination for pharmaceutical use. In the group of contaminants, the chapter is focused on the presence of antibiotics being relevant in the global warming issue on antimicrobial resistance.
An Ergonomic Perspective of Software Validation in the Medical Product Manufacturing
Authors: Hernández-Escobedo Guadalupe , Armenta-Luque David Josue , Arredondo Soto Karina Cecilia , Realyvásquez Vargas Arturo
Published: March 2022

This chapter presents the eDHR computerized system validation process (eDHR) in direct relation to the intended use of said software. This consists of electronically recording the history of medical devices that are manufactured in a company located in Tijuana. This work is referenced in the fifth version of the Good Automated Manufacturing Practice Guide 5 (GAMP5) of the International Society of Pharmaceutical Engineering (ISPE). This guide contains the implicit risk-based approach to the quality and labeling of medical devices. In addition, it is based on the regulations that companies regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must abide by.
Bending Performance of Aluminum Sandwich Panel with Polyurethane Foam Core
Authors: Chun Jin Tan , Salwani Mohd Salleh
Published: March 2022

Although rigid foam core structures have gotten a lot of attention, there have only been a few researches on foam reinforced sandwich panels with aluminum alloy A6061 sheets as face-sheets. In this research, the sandwich concept was applied to develop lightweight panels for roofing system. Analysis on the influences of core thickness, density, and foam layer arrangement on energy absorption, bending strength and displacement of sandwich panel under the quasi-static three-point bending test were investigated. Sandwich panel core is made of closed-cell polyurethane foam with densities of 40 kg/m3, 60 kg/m3, and 80 kg/m3. The quasi-static three-point bending tests were conducted in accordance to ASTM C-393 Standard and the polyurethane foam cores are design accordingly to the guideline of National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST). Load–displacement curves and mechanical properties are shown using data from experimental works. Results demonstrate that increased in thickness of the sandwich panel, also increased the bending strength, energy absorption and displacement. Furthermore, the sandwich panel with 50 mm thickness and 60 kg/m3 density foam core has the maximum bending strength.
The Effects of Alkaline Treatment on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Trunk/Polypropylene Blends Composite
Authors: Mohd Hasdi Nur Atheerah , Salim Nurjannah , Bin Roslan Rasidi , Sarmin Siti Noorbaini
Published: March 2022

Wood-plastic composites (WPCs) are composites that incorporate plants composed up of wood and non-wood fibres blended with thermosets or thermoplastic polymers to form a composite. Oil palm trunk (OPT) is one of the wastes produced from the oil palm industry known as oil palm biomass (OPB). The OPT was utilized to turn oil palm biomass into a value-added product. In this research, oil palm trunk/polypropylene (OPT/PP) blends composite was produced by extrusion and injection molding techniques. Alkaline treatment was applied to the fibers to improve the interfacial adhesion of fibers. After alkaline treatment, treated OPT (T-OPT) and untreated (UT-OPT) together with PP were blended at 200°C with the speed of 85 rpm in the extruder to form a pellet. Pellets were then injected in injection molding at 200°C to form sample size for mechanical testing; tensile and impact testing. The physical testing conducted was Melt Flow Index (MFI), water absorption test and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The results show that the mechanical properties of OPT/PP composite were improved by alkaline treatment. In the water absorption test, T-OPT composite demonstrated lower water absorption than that of UT-OPT composite. This indicated that the reduction of water absorption in T-OPT composite is due to alkaline treatment that degraded the lignin and cellulose structure subsequently reducing the OH groups in fibers to absorb water. For TGA, T-OPT composite had slightly higher thermal stability as compared to UT-OPT composite.
Development of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Membrane from Waste Plastic: Towards Waste to Wealth for Water Treatment
Authors: Wei Lim Jun , Hui Tan Da , Abd Aziz Azrina , Singh Lakhveer , Khodapanah Nasrin
Published: March 2022

Plastic, a non-biodegradable material has always been a concern to the environment and people. This single-use item generates waste to landfills and it persists for centuries once disposed. The urge of transforming such material into a highly valuable product has sought attention from many researchers. This study emphasizes on a nanotechnological approach to synthesize vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a substrate template using commercially available plastic bags as carbon precursor. CNTs are grown inside a hexagonally arranged nanoporous anodic alumina membranes (NAAMs). CNTs are liberated by wet chemical etching to dissolve the alumina matrix. The resulting CNTs are used as adsorption media filters for water treatment purpose. The high adsorption affinity towards heavy metals, organic matters and microbes, ability to antifouling and self-cleaning function have made CNTs a better choice over others. This article briefly discusses the catalyst-free synthesis, growth mechanism, characterization and functionalization of CNTs for water treatment application.
Reflecting on archaeology and the understanding of Song of Songs
Authors: Scheffler Eben H.
Published: March 2022

The question of archaeology corroborating any ‘historical information’ is excluded from the outset by the poetic genre of Song of Songs. This contribution therefore focusses on archaeology’s more modest purpose as far as its relationship with texts is concerned, namely whether it can facilitate the understanding of the text by investigating the material culture that features in Song of Songs. Archaeology is therefore understood in terms of its more extended definition, including artefacts, (cultural) objects functioning as metaphors, and historical geography. Attention amongst others will be paid to cities mentioned (Heshbon, Jerusalem, Tirzah), the (not founded) David’s Tower, Pharaoh’s palanquin, fauna and flora, as well as pottery.Contribution: Although archaeology cannot inform everything in the text, the continuous archaeological endeavour has the hermeneutical function to transpose the reader into the ancient life (love) world (pun intended), preventing him or her of anachronistic projection of the present-day readers own world into the text, but also appreciating the (possible) common human condition which the present-day reader shares with the world of the text.
Beyond tithes and offerings: Revolutionising the economics of Pentecostal churches in Zimbabwe
Authors: Tagwirei Kimion
Published: March 2022

The Zimbabwean economic crisis has exposed the unsustainability of traditional sources of Church finances. Churches that depend on tithes, freewill offerings and donations have been facing incapacitation, a disturbing predicament that has been further worsened by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the context of abject poverty and perennial price hikes of basic commodities. While attention has been given to the exploitative commercialisation of the gospel by charismatic churches, scholarship on the economics of classical Pentecostal churches is scanty. Observing fluctuating, unsustainable and unreliable incomes, this study explored the vulnerability of operating without diversified revenue and fundamentality of economising ecclesiology. Applying a theonomic reciprocity concept and using a literature-based approach, this article overviewed the nexus between ecclesiology and economics, reviewed and problematised traditional sources of ecclesial finances. Resultantly, it proposed diversification of revenue through business, interrogated problems and panaceas of doing business as churches. Conclusively, the study argued that when churches establish investments, they will not only sustain themselves, but also missionise their businesses and advance the gospel in the marketplace, hence the rationality of revolutionising their economics.Contribution: This article debunks the interplay of ecclesiology and economics by reviewing contextual realities and financial sources of classical Pentecostal churches in Zimbabwe. It calls for scholarly and clerical attention to a theology of stewardship and investment towards economic sustainability, effective operationalisation and realisation of missio Ecclesiae in volatile contexts.