bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A two degrees of freedom comb capacitive-type accelerometer with low cross-axis sensitivity
Authors: Nguyen M. N. , Nguyen L. Q. , Chu H. M. , Vu H. N.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we report on a SOI-based comb capacitive-type accelerometer that senses acceleration in two lateral directions. The structure of the accelerometer was designed using a proof mass connected by four folded-beam springs, which are compliant to inertial displacement causing by attached acceleration in the two lateral directions. At the same time, the folded-beam springs enabled to suppress cross-talk causing by mechanical coupling from parasitic vibration modes. The differential capacitor sense structure was employed to eliminate common mode effects. The design of gap between comb fingers was also analyzed to find an optimally sensing comb electrode structure. The design of the accelerometer was carried out using the finite element analysis. The fabrication of the device was based on SOI-micromachining. The characteristics of the accelerometer have been investigated by a fully differential capacitive bridge interface using a sub-fF switched-capacitor integrator circuit. The sensitivities of the accelerometer in the two lateral directions were determined to be 6 and 5.5 fF/g, respectively. The cross-axis sensitivities of the accelerometer were less than 5%, which shows that the accelerometer can be used for measuring precisely acceleration in the two lateral directions. The accelerometer operates linearly in the range of investigated acceleration from 0 to 4g. The proposed accelerometer is expected for low-g applications.
SS 316L/HA composite via powder injection moulding: Mechanical and physical properties
Authors: Johari N. A. , M. Romlay F. R. , W. Harun W. S.
Published: July 2020

The bio-active and biological affinity with bony tissue effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) marks as a chosen material for implants application. Uniting HA which has low mechanical properties that limit its application with a higher mechanical property of metallic biomaterial 316L stainless steel (316L) to form a biocomposite have been a solution to produce acceptable mechanical properties for human implant. The 316L/HA biocomposite would have attribute vital to current implant materials, like a low Young’s modulus, high compatibility, and bio-inertness. This study concentrates on investigating the mechanical and physical properties of the 316L/HA biocomposite fabricated by metal injection moulding. The synthesis HA was produced from calcium-Phosphate. While, Polypropylene (PP), Stearin Acid (SA) and primary binder, Paraffin wax (PW) used as a binder system. Different weight of HA (0, 5, 10 and 15 wt. %) ratios to SS 316L/HA were prepared. All samples were sintered at 1350 ºC for 2 hours soaking time. The result shows that 10 wt.% HA biocomposite and above have higher porosity and low mechanical strength. However, 5 wt.% HA biocomposite has a high relative density which 87.95% compared to other additive HA % and hardness 127.10 Hv. The Tensile strength and elongation of 316L/HA biocomposite exhibit decreased as the content of HA wt.% increase which similar properties with the human bone that lower than 130 MPa (tensile strength). Therefore, 5 wt.% HA biocomposite is found to be the most excellent powder ratio for 316L/HA biocomposite regarding mechanical and physical properties and to achieve the mechanical strength of the biocomposite is necessary an amount of HA content in the composite are smaller than 15 wt.%.
Study on stripping phase conditions on the levulinic acid extraction using supported liquid membrane
Authors: Rajendran V. , Saufi S. M. , Zahari M. A. K. , Mohammad A. W.
Published: July 2020

Supported liquid membrane (SLM) is the most effective technique to extract and recover the desired product from the biomass products in a single step. The study of the operation parameters in SLM system is very important to improve the yield of extraction and recovery of the product. In this study, different types of stripping agents such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid, trimethylamine, and water were tested in the SLM system to extract levulinic acid (LA). By using 0.3 M trioctylamine in 2-ethyl-1-hexanol as liquid membrane phase, it was found that NaOH was the best stripping agent to extract LA. The concentration of the NaOH stripping agent was varied from 0.25 M to 1 M. The best stripping agent concentration was 0.5 M, which gave an LA extraction of 86% from a 10 g/L LA aqueous solution. The flow rate of the feed and stripping phase was investigated from 25 mL/min to 125 mL/min. SLM operated at 75 L/min was found to be adequate in reducing the boundary layer thickness at both sides of the SLM phases without any leakage of the liquid membrane and breakage of the matrix support. At the best stripping condition, 89% of the LA was extracted using 0.5 M NaOH that operated at flow rate of 75 mL/min.
Modeling and experimental validation of the vibration in an unbalance multi-stage rotor
Authors: Cruz W. , Arzola N. , Araque O.
Published: July 2020

This work proposes a finite element method model to predict lateral vibration phenomena arising in the multi-stage rotor (seven stages) with unbalance, including damping and gyroscopic effects. The rotor dynamic analysis includes mathematical and experimental determination of the first and second critical speeds of the rotor and the assessment of the effects induced by the different unbalance combinations. The results show that while considering the unbalance effects in the impellers, critical speeds move to lower frequencies compared to normal conditions when the rotor is properly balanced. Finally, the results obtained analytically achieved a good degree of correspondence with experimental validation tests.
The IGF2 methylation score for adrenocortical cancer: an ENSAT validation study
Authors: Creemers S G , Feelders R A , Valdes N , Ronchi C L , Volante M , van Hemel B M , Luconi M , Ettaieb M H T , Mannelli M , Chiara M D , Fassnacht M , Papotti M , Kerstens M N , Nesi G , Haak H R , van Kemenade F J , Hofland L J
Published: July 2020

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is diagnosed using the histopathological Weiss score (WS), but remains clinically elusive unless it has metastasized or grows locally invasive. Previously, we proposed the objective IGF2 methylation score as diagnostic tool for ACC. This multicenter European cohort study validates these findings. Patient and tumor characteristics were obtained from adrenocortical tumor patients. DNA was isolated from frozen specimens, where after DMR2, CTCF3, and H19 were pyrosequenced. The predictive value of the methylation score for malignancy, defined by the WS or metastasis development, was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic and Cox regression analyses. Seventy-six ACC patients and 118 patients with adrenocortical adenomas were included from seven centers. The methylation score and tumor size were independently associated with the pathological ACC diagnosis (OR 3.756 95% CI 2.224–6.343; OR 1.467 95% CI 1.202–1.792, respectively; Hosmer–Lemeshow test P = 0.903), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.957 (95% CI 0.930–0.984). The methylation score alone resulted in an AUC of 0.910 (95% CI 0.866–0.952). Cox regression analysis revealed that the methylation score, WS and tumor size predicted development of metastases in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only the WS predicted development of metastasis (OR 1.682 95% CI 1.285–2.202; P < 0.001). In conclusion, we validated the high diagnostic accuracy of the IGF2 methylation score for diagnosing ACC in a multicenter European cohort study. Considering the known limitations of the WS, the objective IGF2 methylation score could potentially provide extra guidance on decisions on postoperative strategies in adrenocortical tumor patients.
The Heroic Confrontation Storyline in Russian Literature: From The Legend of the Slaughter of Mamai to The Fate of a Man by Mikhail Sholokhov
Authors: Borisova Valentina V.
Published: July 2020

This article presents a historical poetics viewpoint on the artistic implementation of the heroic confrontation storyline. The purpose of this article is to identify patterns of its development, principles and methods of variability in such key works of Russian literature as The Legend of the slaughter of Mamai (ХV c.), the poem of M. Yu. Lermontov A Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the Young Oprichnik, and the Valorous Merchant Kalashnikov (1837), N. V. Gogol’s short story Taras Bulba (1842), N. S. Leskov’s story The Enchanted Wanderer (1873), the essay of F. M. Dostoevsky Foma Danilov, the tormented Russian hero (1877), the story of M. A. Sholokhov Fate of a Man (1956). This story tradition has preserved its national and Orthodox “code”, and the important opposition of the main characters-antipodes has acquired the significance of an archetypal, pivotal situation mainly defining the features of the ethno-confessional originality of Russian classical literature.
Fatores associados aos tipos de dificuldades alimentares em crianças entre 0 e 10 anos de idade: um estudo retrospectivo em um centro de referência brasileiro
Authors: Okuizumi Arissa Matsuyama , Morimoto Juliana Masami , Nogueira Luana Romão , Maximino Priscila , Fisberg Mauro
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: identificar fatores associados à prevalência dos diferentes tipos de dificuldades alimentares em crianças com idade entre 0 e 10 anos.Métodos: trata-se de um estudo observacional retrospectivo com dados de crianças de 0 a 10 anos diagnosticadas com alguma dificuldade alimentar, atendidas em um centro de referência localizado no município de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. A presença da dificuldade alimentar foi analisada de acordo com o diagnóstico multidisciplinar, o aparecimento da queixa, os dados sobre a gestação e a amamentação, o estilo parental, a presença de causas orgânicas e as complicações associadas. Os dados foram tabulados no programa Microsoft Excel e as análises estatísticas foram realizadas no programa IBM SPSS Statistics 21 através de frequências absolutas e relativas, média, desvio padrão, teste do qui-quadrado e Kruskall-Wallis com o teste de post-hoc de Dunn.Resultados: foram avaliados 166 pacientes com um predomínio do sexo masculino, em idade pré-escolar e nascidos a termo. O diagnóstico mais prevalente foi de seletividade alimentar, sem doenças orgânicas ou reações associadas. Os diagnósticos de dificuldade alimentar apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com idade, idade gestacional de nascimento, idade e fase da alimentação de aparecimento da queixa.Conclusões: os fatores que apresentaram associação com os diferentes tipos de dificuldade alimentar foram a idade, a idade gestacional de nascimento e a idade e fase da alimentação de aparecimento da queixa. O presente estudo permite iniciar um direcionamento mais específico de ações de orientação e de prevenção de dificuldade alimentar. Dessa forma, destaca-se a importância da realização de estudos desse cunho.
Assessment programs and their components: a network approach
Authors: Leppink Jimmie
Published: July 2020

Exams and other assessments in health science education are not random events; rather, they are part of a bigger assessment program that is constructively aligned with the intended learning outcomes at different stages of a health science curriculum. Depending on topical and temporal distance, assessments in the program are correlated with each other to a more or lesser extent. Although correlation does not equate causation, once we come to understand the correlational structure of an assessment program, we can use that information to make predictions of future performance, to consider early intervention for students who are otherwise likely to drop out, and to inform revisions in either assessment or teaching. This article demonstrates how the correlational structure of an assessment program can be represented in terms of a network, in which the assessments constitute our nodes and the degree of connectedness between any two nodes can be represented as a thicker or thinner line connecting these two nodes, depending on whether the correlation between the two assessments at hand is stronger or weaker. Implications for educational practice and further research are discussed.
AETHIOPS - AETHIOPICA - AETHIOPS: 1922 - 1938 Sylvain Grébaut à la tâche
Authors: Tubiana Joseph
Published: July 2020

Sylvain Grébaut (1881–1955) devoted his life to Ethiopian studies. He collected Ethiopic Mss. for the Vatican Library, taught Ethiopic at the Catholic University of Paris, described a considerable number of Mss., edited and translated religious texts, and accumulated day by day a variety of lexical information, in order to complete Dillmann’s Lexicon.This made him realise the usefulness of a scholarly journal to preserve all this knowledge. He attained only partial success, with great effort and labour. This article contains parts of the gadl of Sylvain Grébaut, which reminds one of the story of S. Yared and the caterpillar.
Recent Publications
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: July 2020

Bibliography
Reidulf K. Molvaer: Socialization and Social Control in Ethiopia
Authors: Pausewang Siegfried
Published: July 2020

Review
A Marginal Note to “Four Sistine Ethiopians?”
Authors: Fiaccadori Gianfranco
Published: July 2020

With reference to Marco Bonechi’s article in this issue of Aethiopica, the present paper briefly surveys the evidence for the 1481 Ethiopian “embassy” to Pope Sixtus IV and then explores the possibility of identifying Anthony, head of that embassy, with “Fra Antonio Abissino” portrayed, most likely before 1527 by a painter called Schizzone, on the now lost tramezzo (‘choir screen’) of the Vatican church of Santo Stefano dei Mori.
Walter W. Müller: Sabäische Inschriften nach Ären datiert. Bibliographie, Texte und Glossar
Authors: Robin Christian Julien
Published: July 2020

Review
Ethnic Group and Mother Tongue in the Ethiopian Censuses of 1994 and 2007
Authors: Hudson Grover
Published: July 2020

Results for ethnic groups and mother tongues of the 1994 and 2007 Ethiopian census are presented and compared. There are ethnic groups without mother tongues and mother tongues without ethnic groups. Names of ethnic groups and mother tongues differ in the two censuses, and only some of the differences are explained as synonymous names. Some of the differences remain unexplained, and some of the names are unidentified. In one case, Səlṭi, the census seems to have attributed its speakers to another, unrecognized group. The census reports 38 % total Ethiopian population growth from 1994 to 2007, and comparable increase is generally apparent for all but a few groups listed. Some groups with small populations in 1994 do not reappear 2007.
In memoriam Alessandro de Maigret (1943-2011)
Authors: Agostini Alessio
Published: July 2020

Obituary
Rudolf Agstner (Hrsg.): Arbeiten und Leben am Hof Haile Selassies I. Lore Trenkler: Erinnerungen 1960-1975
Authors: Rubinkowska Hanna
Published: July 2020

Review
Volker Matthies: The Siege of Magdala. The British Empire against the Emperor of Ethiopia
Authors: Meckelburg Alexander
Published: July 2020

Review
Simon Hopkins awarded with the British Academy "Edward Ullendorff Medal"
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: July 2020

Personalia
Mersha Alehegne: The Ethiopian Commentary on the Book of Genesis: Critical Edition and Translation
Authors: Abraha Tedros
Published: July 2020

Review
Hanna Rubinkowska: Ethiopia on the Verge of Modernity: the Transfer of Power during Zewditu’s Reign 1916–1930
Authors: Clapham Christopher
Published: July 2020

Review
Günther Schlee with Abdullahi A. Shongolo: Islam & Ethnicity in Northern Kenya & Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Braukämper Ulrich
Published: July 2020

Review
Il culto di San Qirqos nell’Etiopia storica: analisi storico-filologica, con edizione critica della “Passio” (Gädlä Qirqos)
Authors: Pisani Vitagrazia
Published: July 2020

Dissertation Abstract
Die altäthiopischen Personalpronomina der dritten Person Plural in der Funktion als Kopula
Authors: Weninger Stefan
Published: July 2020

Gəʿəz (Classical Ethiopic) has two sets of personal pronouns in the plural. This paper offers a mainly statistical analysis that demonstrates that the two sets are free variants – however of rather different occurrence – without a recognizable functional differentiation.
Sascha A. Kienzle, Ursachen für den eritreisch-äthiopischen Grenzkonflikt: Eine historisch-politische Analyse
Authors: Tafla Bairu
Published: July 2020

Review
Osvaldo Raineri, Vita del santo monaco etiopico Mälkeʾa Krestos (sec. XVI–XVII). Edizione del testo etiopico e traduzione italiana
Authors: Brita Antonella
Published: July 2020

Review
Oromo-Wörterbücher
Authors: Voigt Rainer
Published: July 2020

Oromo-Wörterbücher
In memoriam Fr. Kevin O’Mahoney (1930–2015)
Authors: Bandres Fr. José L.
Published: July 2020

Obituary
Denis Nosnitsin, ed., Veneration of Saints in Christian Ethiopia. Proceedings of the International Workshop Saints in Christian Ethiopia: Literary Sources and Veneration, Hamburg, April 28–29, 2012
Authors: Kaplan Steven
Published: July 2020

Review
Abdulkader Saleh Mohammad, The Saho of Eritrea: Ethnic Identity and National Consciousness
Authors: Treiber Magnus
Published: July 2020

Review
An Early Ethiopic Manuscript Fragment (Twelfth–Thirteenth Century) from the Monastery of St Antony (Egypt)
Authors: El-Antony Fr. Maximous , Blid Jesper , Butts Aaron Michael
Published: July 2020

This article presents a single fragmentary folio that was recently uncovered in excavations at the Monastery of St Antony (Egypt). This folio was discovered in a secondary deposit below the foundations of a church which was in all likelihood constructed in the 1230s. A radiocarbon dating of the folio has returned a date of 1160–1265. Together, these two data make this fragmentary folio the earliest securely datable specimen of an Ethiopic manuscript. This find, thus, provides a new foundation for the analysis of the paleography of the earliest Ethiopic manuscripts, including the gospel manuscripts from Ǝnda Abba Gärima, which contain paleographic features that seem to predate this fragmentary folio. In addition, this find has implications for the regnant periodization of Ethiopic literature and more specifically the history of Ethiopic monastic literature, especially the Zena Abäw. Finally, this folio is among the earliest surviving Aethiopica for the entirety of Egypt and thus provides new information on the relationship between Ethiopic and Coptic Christianity.
Contemporary Amharic Oral Poetry from Gojjam: Classification and a sample Analysis
Authors: Gelaye Getie
Published: July 2020

In the preceding discussion, an attempt was made to provide a classification of Amharic oral poems and songs into several themes and genres. Accordingly, such major genres as work songs, children’s poems, war chants and boasting recitals were identified and a description and analysis of selected poems and their role, particularly in local politics and administration, were provided. In their poems and songs, the peasants of East Gojjam critically express their views, attitudes and feelings either in the form of support or protest, towards the various state policies and local directives.Indeed, the Amharic oral poems and songs from the two peasant communities illustrate topics associated with the change of government, land redistribution, local authorities and their administration, as well as a variety of other contemporary issues affecting the rural society. The poems also throw some light on the understanding of the peasants’ consciousness and observations comparing past and present regimes of Ethiopia, besides their power of aesthetics and creative capabilities of the peasants’ poetic tradition.In fact, this can be seen from a wider perspective, considering the function and role of oral literature in an agrarian and traditional society such as the two peasant communities mentioned in this paper. The peasants’ response in poetry  to the diverse contemporary politics and local administration need to be studied carefully and considered appropriately in the state’s future rural policies and development projects if it is intended to bring about a democratic system that leads towards a peaceful coexistence among the rural peasantry.
9. – 11.10.1998 in Köln (Deutschland): Vierte Tagung des Orbis Aethiopicus: Äthiopien — zwischen Orient und Okzident
Authors: Six Veronika
Published: July 2020

Conference Report
Christian Robin, ed., Le judaïsme de l’Arabie antique. Actes du colloque de Jérusalem (février 2006)
Authors: Bausi Alessandro
Published: July 2020

Review
Wars and Peasants in North Šäwa, Ethiopia (1855–1916)
Authors: Abebe Dechasa
Published: July 2020

Conflicts and wars are associated with Ethiopian monarchs throughout history. It might be assumed that the presence of a monarch in a certain province within the country would assure peace and security. However, the opposite appears to be true for much of the history of Ethiopia. North Šäwa experienced a number of wars, conflicts, and predatory raids when its autonomy and relative peace was disrupted by its subjugation to Emperor Tewodros II in 1855. This was followed by Šäwan resistance, a time labelled as a ‘period of anarchy’ by Šäwan authors. The return of Mǝnilǝk from Mäqdäla to Šäwa in 1865 also caused confrontations among power contenders of Šäwa. The transitional period between the reigns of Emperor Mǝnilǝk and Emperor Ḫaylä Śǝllase was also characterized by similar uncertainties which reached their climax in 1916. In a time of relative peace, the autumn of 1895, Šäwan peasants were forced to feed thousands of soldiers from the southern regions of the country on their way to ʿAdwa. The Battle of Sägäle in October 1916 fought on Šäwan soil had a catastrophic impact on the life of local peasantry that forced the government to promise compensation and rehabilitation, a rare practice at that time. Moreover the region was affected by different forms of intermittent conflicts on religious and ethnic pretexts. Interand intraethnic conflicts arose for both economic and cultural reasons. The article attempts to analyse the impacts of the recurrent wars on the life of north Šäwan peasants from 1855 to 1916.
Dawit Bekele, Lexical Study of Dawuro
Authors: Treis Yvonne
Published: July 2020

Review
Extreme Literal Mistranslation: The Gǝʿǝz Text of Titus 3:1
Authors: Gensler Orin D.
Published: July 2020

The Gǝʿǝz translation of Titus 3:1, by following the Greek original literally—word-for-word and even case-for-case—yields a good, clear Gǝʿǝz text which the average Gǝʿǝz reader will take as having a meaning which is opposite to that of the Greek: not (1) ‘Remind them to be obedient to rulers’, as in the Greek (the normal Pauline message), but (2) ‘Remind the rulers to be obedient’. This paper reconstructs how this semantic inversion came about. The Gǝʿǝz word-sequence is syntactically ambiguous, allowing two different parses: one normal (2) and the other highly marked (1). The intended, marked parse (1), which would yield the Greek sense, is unlikely even to occur to the Gǝʿǝz reader. Indeed, the andǝmta to this passage presupposes the unmarked parse (2).
Entwicklung von Unterrichtsmaterial: Erfahrungen aus Amharisch-Intensivkursen
Authors: Kellermann Petra
Published: July 2020

My Ethiopian colleague Seid Ahmed Ali and I have been teaching Amharic intensive courses at the Bundessprachenamt (Federal Office of Languages) since 2006. After the first course, we started to develop our own material based on existing textbooks. In this article I report on our experiences in teaching such courses and in developing our own teaching materials.
Some Brief Remarks on Teaching Amharic: A Personal View
Authors: Bausi Alessandro
Published: July 2020

This article offers a brief comparative view of the teaching of Amharic in the last decades at two major European universities: the Università degli Studi di Napoli “L’Orientale” and the Universität Hamburg. The aim of this brief history is to highlight the severe consequences on the teaching of Amharic enforced by measures set in motion by the Bologna Process since 1999. This changed framework requires adequate strategies and counter-measures in order to safeguard the quality of education and the continuity of our research traditions.
Das hagiografische Werk zu Śarṣ́a Ṗeṭros. Werkgenese und Teiledition
Authors: Hummel Susanne
Published: July 2020

Dissertation Abstract
Über die unregelmäßige Form yǝbe im Altäthiopischen. II
Authors: Voigt Rainer
Published: July 2020

Classical Ethiopic yǝbe ‘he said’ (with suffixes yǝbel-) is irregular with respect to the loss of the second and third radical of the root (√bhl) as well as especially to its preterite meaning. The attempt has been made to regard this unique feature as Proto-Semitic and connect it with the morphological difference between the narrative yáqtul and the jussive yaqtúl as known from Classical Hebrew å´śēm ‘may he put’ as against (a-)´åśęm ‘(and) he put’. Accordingly, yǝbe would represent an old narrative which would be all the more plausible since this form is very often — as in Hebrew — preceded by wa-. In VOIGT (1997) an argument against this view was made based on the difficulty of deriving yǝbe(lV) from *yǝb(h)al. An etymo-logical investigation of all kinds of long e in Classical Ethiopic as presented there does not support this derivation. It is better to explain yǝbe as a historical present form often ex-pressing an accompanying action (§ 3, IV, b).In order to understand the phonological processes better, several Ethio-Semitic reflexes of the root √bhl are investigated. Special attention is devoted to the multifarious forms in Tigre which can be split up into four different paradigms. Through the derivation of the Tigre forms one can obtain grounds for tracing Classical Ethiopic yǝbe back to a present form too (§ 4). A parallel is found in Beɗauye where the preterite of the verb ‘to say’ is originally a present form (§ 5). Thus we are able to assign the specific Classical Ethiopic development to Cushitic influence.Since yǝbe ‘he said’ goes back to the Proto-Ethiopic present form *yǝbah:ǝl, the present form yǝbǝl ‘he says’ must have the same origin (§ 6).
Stuart C. Munro-Hay: Ethiopia and Alexandria: The Metropolitan Episcopacy of Ethiopia
Authors: Tafla Bairu
Published: July 2020

Review
Bahru Zewde (ed.): A Short History of Ethiopia and the Horn
Authors: Smidt Wolbert G.C.
Published: July 2020

Review
Eine trilinguale ʿEzana-Inschrift
Authors: Uhlig Siegbert
Published: July 2020

Ever since the ʿEzana inscriptions were published by the Deutsche Aksum Expedition in the beginning of the 20th century they have been looked upon as the most important document from Ethiopia of the 4th century A.D.Today, however, another stele has been discovered, which, having similar content — repeated in three languages: Pseudosabaic, Greek and Gǝʿǝz — is in a much better state. The text in its turn, though in many aspects identical, shows a row of distinct deviations from the DAE stele, which makes it necessary to critically compare the two texts.The fact, that the stone was originally placed in the middle of a grave site, as well as the palm frond and the monotheistic phrase “Lord of the Heaven” used in the text indicate that by that time the Aksumite court had been converted to Christianity.
Leben auf dem Missionsfeld Chrischona-Pilgermissionare in Äthiopien (1856–1868)
Authors: Strebel Barbara
Published: July 2020

The Crischona-missionaries encountered considerable difficulties in Ethiopia: slow communication with Europe, financial problems, complex processes of adaptation to or differentiation from Ethiopian culture and the missionary efforts within the Ethiopian Church. Ultimately, their enterprise was doomed to failure.
Sven Rubenson (ed.): Internal Rivalries and Foreign Threats 1869–1879. Co-editors Amsalu Aklilu, Merid Wolde Aregay and Samuel Rubenson
Authors: Wagner Ewald
Published: July 2020

Review
Nouvelle Jérusalem de Lalibela - Une maison de Dieu et la porte du ciel
Authors: De Hesse Paul
Published: July 2020

Dissertation AbstractATTENTION: Due to copy-right no online publication is provided.
6.–11. 11. 2000 in Addis Ababa (Äthiopien): The XIVth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies
Authors: Six Veronika
Published: July 2020

Conference Report
Notes on a Lesser-known Marian Iconography in 13th and 14th century Ethiopian Painting
Authors: Chojnacki Stanislaw
Published: July 2020

In this article the early evolution of iconic iconography of the Virgin Mary in Ethiopia is discussed. One particular image is postulated to exist on a painted manbar at Lālibalā. The figure of the Child Mary depicted together with her mother, St. Anne, in the wall painting at the Gannata Māryām Church can also be considered iconic. In the late 14th century and the first decades of the 15th century, three specific groupings of depictions of the Virgin Mary, all clearly having iconic characteristics, have come to light: the Orant Virgin, the seated Hodegetria and the enthroned Virgin holding the Child in her lap. These three forms are characterised by the inclusion of the Archangels Michael and Gabriel, who are shown sheltering her with their outstretched wings. They are depicted holding crosses, while in a particular group of miniatures they extend their hands towards Mary in a gesture of supplication. This Orant form appears to be exceptional, and exists only in 14th century. The Hodegetria type evolved into numerous variants depending on the position of the Child, on Mary's left or right arm. The form of the Enthroned Virgin holding the Child in her lap, faded away in the early 15th century.
In memoriam Alexander Sima (1969–2004)
Authors: Weninger Stefan
Published: July 2020

Obituary
Avanzini, Alessandra: Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions I–III. Qatabanic, Marginal Qatabanic, Awsanite Inscriptions
Authors: Müller Walter W.
Published: July 2020

Review
Machine learning model for estimating agricultural crop insurance payout based on air temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity
Authors: Mangani K.P. , Kousalya R.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In Agriculture, the weather-based variations are deliberated to estimate the crop insurance payout. This research model includes linear regression technique (LR) for air temperature payout prediction and fuzzy based choquistic regression (FCR) technique for rainfall payout prediction of agricultural blocks. Then the combined indices of rainfall, relative humidity and air temperature are considered as input to the proposed model named fuzzy based Quasi Poisson Regression technique (FQPR) implementing the multi-indices evaluation function that performs the total payout prediction per hectare of the specified block. The deviations in weather indices determine the insurance payout value with the threshold parameter specified as per policy makers. Thus, the proposed techniques can support the prediction of the total insurance payout with additional weather parameters for the seasonal period of the selected crop for selected five districts with reduced error rate. The results show that the proposed work is appropriate for combining weather indices and predicting the total insurance payout of the groundnut crop of the selected districts.
SISTEM PERENCANAAN, PELAKSANAAN DAN PENGAWASAN INDUSTRI HALAL DI WILAYAH PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: Ahyakudin A , Suja’i S , Abduh Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The role of the industrial sector in meeting the livelihoods of the people of Banten should be accompanied by efforts to develop an industrial system that prioritizes the halal value on its production. The development of the halal industry can be realized with a system of planning, implementation and supervision in accordance with the principle of halal thayyibah. The method that will be used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Information gathered from the initial research is expected to provide an overview and prescription of the relationship between the planning, implementation, and supervision of the implementation of the Halal Industry in Banten Province. The results of this study explain that aspects of industrial planning should pay attention to aspects of Maqashid Syariah and aspects of trust as an effort to provide certainty that industrial products are in accordance with halal provisions. In practice, industrial management should not only issue technical rules but must also be accompanied by qualifications of basic sharia knowledge in production activities. While in the aspect of supervision, the person in charge must have a deep understanding of the aspects of li dzatihi, li ghairihi, and li aqibatihi as the main components of the halal system. Constraints on halal industry development are experienced by micro and small businesses due to certification costs, inadequate halal industry governance, and fears of leakage of company product secrets.Abstrak: Peran sektor industri dalam memenuhi hajat hidup masyarakat Banten hendak­nya harus dibarengi upaya pengembangan sistem Industri yang mengedepankan nilai halal pada produksinya. Pengembangan Industri halal dapat diwujudkan dengan sistem perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan yang sesuai dengan prinsip halâlan thayyibah. Metode yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah deskriptif kualitatif, Infor­masi yang tergali dari penelitian awal diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran dan preskripsi hubungan antara sistem perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan ter­ha­dap penyelenggaraan Industri Halal di Provinsi Banten. Hasil penelitian ini men­jelas­kan bahwa aspek perencanaan industri hendaknya memperhatikan aspek maqashid Syariah dan aspek amanah sebagai upaya memberikan kepastian bahwa produk industri telah sesuai dengan ketentuan halal. Dalam pelaksanaannya, manajemen industri hendaknya tidak hanya mengeluarkan aturan-aturan tekhnis semata namun juga harus dibarengi dengan kualifikasi pengetahuan kesyariahan mendasar pada kegiatan pro­duksi. Sedang­kan dalam aspek pengawasan, penanggungjawab harus memiliki pema­haman men­dalam pada aspek li dzatihi, li ghairihi, dan li aqibatihi sebagai komponen utama sistem halal. Kendala pengembangan Industri halal dialami oleh usaha mikro dan kecil dikarena­kan biaya sertifikasi, tata kelola industri halal belum memadai, serta ketakutan akan bocornya rahasia produk perusahaan.
REFORMULATION OF FAMILY LEGAL IN INDONESIA FOR FEMALE MASLAHAH
Authors: Wahidullah Wahidullah , Murniati Murniati , Farida Yushinta Eka , Jumaiyah Jumaiyah
Published: July 2020

Abstract: One form of innovation proposed by Islamic banks to support the needs of the community is The Sharia Gold-pawning Service. However, worries arise for the Rahn service (gold pawning) since the service is not beneficial in gaining profits. By this service, Islamic banks only gain profits from the maintenance service of goods that are pledged as collateral. The problem occurs as the profit is taken from the percentage of the amount of the loan provided by a Sharia bank to its customer which is considered to have no cost differential as the practices undertaken in conventional banking. Therefore, this is an interesting topic to discuss among academics related to the amount and calculation of maintenance services that customers must pay to the bank. If maintenance services are determined based on the percentage of the financing or loan’s amount, then there is a credit interest value on the financing that must be returned by the customer as a collateral for maintenance services calculated from the amount of the loan. Thus, this study is intended to analyze the concept of covenant and its application in financing gold pawning in Islamic banks. The objects of this study are those concerning the Islamic Commercial Bank, including Bank Syariah Mandiri and Bank Jabar Banten Syariah.Abstrak: Di dalam Undang-undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974 Pasal 3 ayat 1 dan 2, memberi­kan penjelasan tentang asas perkawinan adalah monogami akan tetapi bersifat terbuka, atau dalam KHI menggunakan istilah poligami terbatas sampai dengan empat isteri, akan tetapi dengan catatan kemampuan memberi nafkah dan berbuat adil terhadap isteri-isteri dan anak-anaknya. Rumah tangga yang dibangun berdasarkan poligami sebagian masyarakat menjadi hal yang kontroversi, akan tetapi normatifitas hukum telah disahkan dan itu sebuah realitas sosial terjadi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan mengumpulkan data berupa pustaka pustaka (literature research), adapun langkah-langkah dalam penelitian ini dengan membaca literatur berupa buku, artikel, peraturan perundang-undangan serta fatwa. Data tersebut di analisis dengan metode deskriftif kualitatif guna memperoleh hasil penelitian dengan berpijak pada teori yang terkait dengan penelitian Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak ada perempuan yang rela di poligami. Pada kasus poligami perempuan merupakan obyek kekerasan yang terbungkus rapi dalam kehidupan rumahtangga.
REINTERPRETASI HAK IJBAR DALAM HUKUM PERKAWINAN ISLAM DI KELUARGA PESANTREN
Authors: Abdillah Kudrat
Published: July 2020

Abstract: Marriage is an inner and outer bond between the bride and groom to weave a happy and eternal family. Marriage has a goal to reach a happy, sakinah, mawaddah, and rahmah. The selection of a bride and groom is very important to achieve the goal of marriage. Because in fact, the chosen candidate is a person who will keep him a full day of his life. The ijbar right of a guardian who can force a daughter to marry a chosen prospective husband, is considered not in line with the purpose of marriage itself. Using a social history approach, this paper will describe the concept of ijbar rights in islamic boarding school families in Pamekasan. Descriptions of ijbar rights will be discussed in several sections, continuity and changes, causal explanation, and the implications of change.Abstrak: Perkawinan adalah ikatan lahir batin di antara calon mempelai untuk merajut keluarga yang bahagia dan kekal. Perkawinan mempunyai tujuan untuk mencapai keluarga yang bahagia, sakinah, mawaddah, dan rahmah. Pemilihan calon mempelai meru­pakan hal yang sangat penting untuk mencapai tujuan perkawinan. Karena sejatinya, calon yang dipilih adalah orang yang akan membersamainya sehari penuh seumur hidup­nya. Adanya hak ijbar seorang wali yang bisa memaksakan anak perempuan untuk kawin dengan calon suami yang dipilihkan, dianggap tidak sejalan dengan tujuan perkawinan itu sendiri. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah sosial, tulisan ini akan mendeskripsikan konsep hak ijbar pada keluarga pesantren di Pamekasan. Deskripsi hak ijbar akan dibahas dalam beberapa bagian, yaitu perkembangan dan perubahan, faktor-faktor yang mem­pengaruhi, dan implikasinya perubahan.
Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Di Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kota Bandung
Authors: Munandar Aris , Mulyadi Ateng
Published: July 2020

The potential of zakat in Indonesia is so great that it can become a financial solution to anticipate the problems of poverty and inequality in Indonesia. Likewise, the potential for zakat in the city of Bandung, which according to the calculations of experts can reach 2 trillion rupiahs per year, is very large to be managed professionally, but when viewed from the amount of existing zakat receipts it is only limited to 4.8 billion per year. So thus, the lack of income from zakat funds reflects the growing expectations of the public for the transparency or transparency and accountability of the management of zakat funds in the presence of financial reports. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out how much influence is given by financial accounting standards on the quality of financial reports at the National Amil Zakat Agency in the City of Bandung. The results of this study are that financial accounting standards significantly influence the quality of financial statements in the national amil zakat body.
Unenhanced magnetic resonance angiography as an accurate alternative in the preoperative assessment of potential living kidney donors with contraindications to computed tomography angiography and to contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Velloni Fernanda Garozzo , Cardia Patrícia Prando , Torres Ulysses dos Santos , Pereira Marco Antonio Haddad , Penachim Thiago José , Favaro Larissa Rossini , Ramalho Miguel , D’Ippolito Giuseppe
Published: July 2020

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of steady-state free precession (SSFP) unenhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at 1.5 T for the identification of multiple renal arteries, using computed tomography angiography (CTA) as the reference standard. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study involving 39 patients (26 males; mean age, 62.6 years) who underwent CTA and unenhanced MRA to evaluate the proximal and middle segments of the renal arteries. The analysis was performed in two phases: the quality of unenhanced MRA images was classified as diagnostic or nondiagnostic for the presence of multiple renal arteries by two independent readers; two other independent readers then evaluated the images previously classified as being of diagnostic quality. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of unenhanced MRA were calculated, CTA being used as the reference standard. The kappa statistic was used in order to calculate interobserver agreement. Results: The image quality of unenhanced MRA was considered diagnostic in 70-90% of the extrarenal arterial segments. The CTA examination revealed 19 multiple renal arteries (8 on the right and 11 on the left). The accuracy of unenhanced MRA for the identification of multiple renal arteries was greater than 90%, with a sensitivity of 72.7-100% and a specificity of 96.3-100%. Conclusion: Unenhanced MRA provides high quality imaging of the extrarenal segments of renal arteries. This method may be used as an alternative for the evaluation of the renal arteries, given that it has an accuracy comparable to that of CTA.
Subspecialized radiology reporting: productivity and impact on the turnaround times for radiology reports in a middle-income country
Authors: Verma Nupur , Pacini Gabriel Sartori , Torrada Juliana Pastorino , Oliveira Diogo Martins de , Zanon Matheus , Marchiori Edson , Mohammed Tan-Lucien , Hochhegger Bruno
Published: July 2020

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect that transitioning from a model of general radiology reporting to one of subspecialized radiology reporting has on report turnaround times (TATs) and on productivity in the radiology department of a hospital in a middle-income country. Materials and Methods: The reporting workflow in our radiology department was changed from general reporting (any radiologist reporting imaging studies for any specialty) to subspecialized reporting (radiologists exclusively reporting imaging studies that fall within their subspecialty-abdominal, musculoskeletal, cardiothoracic, emergency, or neurological imaging). This was a retrospective study in which we compared general reporting with subspecialized reporting in terms of the following variables: the TAT; the proportions of reports completed within 2 h and within 24 h (TAT-2h and TAT- 24 h, respectively); and productivity. Data were collected over two 24-month periods (2015-2016 for general reporting and 2017-2018 for subspecialized reporting). Results: A total of 208,516 reports were generated. The median report TAT decreased from 49.1 h and 52.9 h in 2015 and 2016, respectively, to 16.1 h and 15.2 h in 2017 and 2018, respectively (p < 0.001). The TAT-2h also improved, increasing from 8.7% and 7.9% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, to 52.0% and 61.3% in 2017 and 2018, respectively (p < 0.001), as did the TAT- 24 h, which increased from 12.1% and 14.1% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, to 74.3% and 78.7% in 2017 and 2018, respectively (p < 0.001). Between the two periods, the total number of scans performed increased by 33% (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of a subspecialized reporting system significantly improved the median TAT for radiology reports, as well as increasing the TAT-2h and TAT- 24 h, during a time of increased productivity.
Lung ultrasound: an additional tool in COVID-19
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo Ribeiro de , Rodrigues Thiago Potrich , Silva Paulo Savoia Dias da , Gomes Andrea Cavalanti , Chammas Maria Cristina
Published: July 2020

Abstract Lung ultrasound is a well-defined diagnostic modality in the point of care emergency medicine concept. In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the lung ultrasound assumed an essential role in this disease, with a valid correlation of the imaging results with computed tomography. Recognize how the diagnostic possibilities of ultrasound in the approach of COVID-19 and its differential diagnoses are fundamental.
Desafios para o investimento público em saneamento no Brasil
Authors: Sousa Ana Cristina Augusto de , Gomes Joyker Peçanha
Published: July 2020

RESUMO Este estudo investiga o desempenho dos principais programas de investimento em saneamento no âmbito do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) para mostrar se a escassez de recursos é o que explica o fracasso dessa política no País, como sustentam as atuais propostas de reforma do setor em tramitação. A partir dos dados sistematizados no Siga-Brasil e da análise dos relatórios dos órgãos de controle, foi possível reconstituir a trajetória de execução orçamentária dos programas e identificar as principais dificuldades enfrentadas para a sua operacionalização. À luz da literatura disponível, percebe-se que a estratégia federal centrada no incentivo financeiro reduziu o protagonismo da União ao repasse de verbas, quando era necessária uma atuação mais incisiva quanto aos problemas estruturais apresentados por municípios e estados brasileiros. Nesse sentido, o baixo gasto orçamentário estaria menos ligado à disponibilidade dos recursos que aos obstáculos institucionais encontrados em nível local, onde a política de saneamento é primariamente executada. Por fim, alerta-se para a necessidade de pensar arranjos de colaboração federativa mais eficazes em reduzir os custos transacionais de implementação dessa política, especialmente agora em que os cortes de orçamento ameaçam o fluxo de investimentos no setor.
Saúde pública: biotecnociência, biopolítica e bioética
Authors: Schramm Fermin Roland
Published: July 2020

RESUMO O campo complexo da saúde pública pode ser visto como sendo atravessado pela seguinte polaridade: a) uma tendência totalizante de controle da sociedade tanto do ponto de vista biológico como econômico; b) uma tendência à individualização das práticas da medicina e da saúde pública baseada na liberdade e na responsabilização dos indivíduos pela sua saúde. Ademais, devido ao fato de o campo da saúde corresponder às atividades da biotecnociência e da biopolítica, e ser, portanto, atravessado por conflitos de interesses e de valores, entra em campo a bioética, cujo escopo principal no campo da saúde e do bem-estar individual e coletivo consiste em detectar, analisar e avaliar tais conflitos, propondo soluções que impliquem alguma forma de convergência entre agentes e pacientes morais envolvidos, e que vise, em última instância, à qualidade de vida dos afetados pelas políticas públicas e pela incorporação das ferramentas da biotecnociência.