bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schistura madhavai, a new species of hill-stream loach from Sri Lanka, with redescription of S. notostigma (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)
Authors: SUDASINGHE HIRANYA
Published: August 2017

Schistura madhavai, new species, is described from Suriyakanda, Sri Lanka. It is distinguished from all other species of Schistura in the peninsula of India and Sri Lanka by the combination of the following characters: 8–9 wide, brown postdorsal bars separated by narrow, white interspaces; width of interspaces ¼–⅓ times width of bars; black bar at caudal-fin base wider than interspaces on the body; incomplete lateral line, ending beneath dorsal-fin base; absence of an axillary pelvic lobe; adpressed pelvic fin just reaching anus; origin of the pelvic fin on a vertical through the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray. Schistura notostigma, the only other Sri Lankan species of Schistura, is redescribed. It can be distinguished from all other species of Schistura in the peninsula of India and Sri Lanka by the combination of the following characters: 6–7 wide, brown postdorsal bars; width of interspaces ½–1 times width of bars; complete, black bar at caudal-fin base narrower than width of interspaces between bars on body; emarginate caudal fin; incomplete lateral line ending beneath dorsal-fin base; adpressed pelvic fin surpassing anus; and origin of pelvic fin beneath first branched dorsal-fin ray. Schistura madhavai is separated from S. notostigma by an uncorrected pairwise distance of 3.0–3.8% for the 16S rRNA gene fragment.
Earthworms of Malta (Annelida: Clitellata: Acanthodrilidae, Hormogastridae, Lumbricidae)
Authors: ROTA EMILIA , SCHEMBRI PATRICK J. , OMODEO PIETRO
Published: August 2017

The oldest museum specimens of earthworms from Malta are two adult lumbricids collected in 1878 by Enrico Hillyer Giglioli, then director of the Royal Zoological Museum in Florence, during the cruise of the R. Goletta Olga in the Mediterranean islands. The material, still preserved in Florence (S. Cianfanelli, in litteris), was determined by Baldasseroni (1907) who assigned it to Octolasium transpadanum Rosa, 1884. This remained the only species reported from Malta in the literature for over one century (Michaelsen 1908; Pop 1948; Rota 2013), until Csuzdi & Sciberras (2014) published a note listing another five lumbricid species and a juvenile hormogastrid. The present paper reports on collections made during 1983–1985 and in 2015, yielding six additional new records for the area.
New Oppiidae (Acari: Oribatida) from Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve, South Africa
Authors: HUGO-COETZEE ELIZABETH A.
Published: August 2017

Five new Oppiidae species are described from Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, namely Globoppia vernoncrookensis sp. nov., Setoppia izinyosa sp. nov., Brachioppiella (Gressittoppia) martinezi sp. nov., Brachioppiella (G.) ricknuttalli sp. nov. and Kokoppia murvanidzeae sp. nov. A supplementary description is provided of Setoppia karinae Mahunka, 1974 which is recorded from South Africa for the first time. A total of 14 Oppiidae species is recorded from Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve.
A new Chinese species of Indonemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) and a new subspecies of I. nigrihamita Li & Yang
Authors: LI WEIHAI , ZHANG QIN , YANG DING , YAO GANG
Published: August 2017

A new species of Nemouridae of the genus Indonemoura Baumann 1975, I. furcoloba Li & Yang, sp. nov., is described from both sexes from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China. The relationships with related species are discussed. Additionally, a new subspecies is proposed for a population of I. nigrihamita Li & Yang, 2008 from northern Sichuan Province of southwestern China.
The date of publication of ‘Decapoden-Studien … auf A. B. Meyer’s Sammlungen im ostindischen Archipel’ by Johann Thallwitz and its bearing on decapod nomenclature (Crustacea: Decapoda)
Authors: LOW MARTYN E. Y.
Published: August 2017

Johann Thallwitz was an assistant curator at the Königlichen zoologischen Museum zu Dresden, Germany (Holthuis 1959: 15). Thallwitz’s publication entitled ‘Decapoden-Studien, inbesondere basirt auf A. B. Meyer’s Sammlungen im ostindischen Archipel, nebst einer Aufzählung der Decapoden und Stomatopoden des Dresdener Museums’ (hereafter the ‘Decapoden-Studien’) which appeared in the 1890–1891 volume of the Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden (hereafter the Abhandlungen) is important for decapod nomenclature as eighteen species and three genus-group names were declared to be new therein (see below).
Initiation and Propagation of an Atmospheric Bore in a Numerical Forecast Model: A Comparison with Observations
Authors: Osborne Simon R. , Lapworth Alan
Published: August 2017

In the autumn of 2016, an undular atmospheric bore passed over southern England. Observations at surface sites as the bore passed gave phase speeds of up to 30 m s−1, surface pressure rises of over 1.5 hPa, and abrupt wind direction changes of 90°, followed by slower changes of a further 180°. Use was made of this event, rarely observed in the United Kingdom, to compare surface and satellite observations of the bore with output from the operational Met Office limited-area 1.5-km numerical weather model and to investigate the bore initiation mechanism within the model. Although the model had timing errors of over an hour and orientation errors of the bore, the bore propagation was simulated fairly well, giving similar bore phase speeds and decay times. There was also a reasonable correlation between surface and satellite observations and the model. One significant difference was the longer bore wavelength in the model simulation.
Evaluating the Evidence of a Global Sea Surface Temperature Threshold for Tropical Cyclone Genesis
Authors: Defforge Cécile L. , Merlis Timothy M.
Published: August 2017

Recent studies have reaffirmed a global threshold sea surface temperature (SST) of 26°C for tropical cyclone (TC) genesis. However, it is well understood that other thermodynamic variables influence TC genesis and that high SST in isolation is not a sufficient criterion for genesis. Here, a basin-by-basin analysis of the SST distributions in the five most active ocean basins is performed, which shows that there is no global SST threshold for TC genesis. The distributions of genesis SST show substantial variations between basins. Furthermore, analysis of the conditional probability of genesis for a given TC season main development region SST suggests that the SST bounds for TC genesis are largely determined by the climatological bounds of the basin and that the SST values within this environmental range have similar probabilities of genesis. The distribution of relative SST (the difference between local and tropical mean) and tropical cyclone potential intensity at TC genesis are more distinct from those of the TC season environment, consistent with their utility in TC genesis indices.
A Features-Based Assessment of the Evolution of Warm Season Precipitation Forecasts from the HRRR Model over Three Years of Development
Authors: Bytheway Janice L. , Kummerow Christian D. , Alexander Curtis
Published: August 2017

The High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model has been the National Weather Service’s (NWS) operational rapid update model since 2014. The HRRR has undergone continual development, including updates to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model core, the data assimilation system, and the various physics packages in order to better represent atmospheric processes, with updated operational versions of the model being implemented approximately every spring. Given the model’s intent for use in convective precipitation forecasting, it is of interest to examine how forecasts of warm season precipitation have changed as a result of the continued model upgrades. A features-based assessment is performed on the first 6 h of HRRR quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) from the 2013, 2014, and 2015 versions of the model over the U.S. central plains in an effort to understand how specific aspects of QPF performance have evolved as a result of continued model development. Significant bias changes were found with respect to precipitation intensity. Model upgrades that increased boundary layer stability and reduced the strength of the latent heating perturbations in the data assimilation were found to reduce southward biases in convective initiation, reduce the tendency for the model to overestimate heavy rainfall, and improve the representation of convective initiation.
Comments on Conceptualizing and Measuring the Exchange of Beauty and Status
Authors: Gullickson Aaron
Published: August 2017

In this comment, I identify two methodological issues in McClintock’s (2014) article on beauty exchange. First, McClintock’s difference models, which find no evidence of exchange, are poor measures of exchange that fail to account for important confounders and rely on an overly narrow conceptualization of exchange. Second, McClintock codes her log-linear models to find a difference in the effect of men’s and women’s beauty in exchange rather than the total effect of women’s beauty, which is both statistically significant and substantively large.
Label-Free Raman Hyperspectral Imaging of Single Cells Cultured on Polymer Substrates
Authors: Sinjab Faris , Sicilia Giovanna , Shipp Dustin W. , Marlow Maria , Notingher Ioan
Published: August 2017

While Raman hyperspectral imaging has been widely used for label-free mapping of biomolecules in cells, these measurements require the cells to be cultured on weakly Raman scattering substrates. However, many applications in biological sciences and engineering require the cells to be cultured on polymer substrates that often generate large Raman scattering signals. Here, we discuss the theoretical limits of the signal-to-noise ratio in the Raman spectra of cells in the presence of polymer signals and how optical aberrations may affect these measurements. We show that Raman spectra of cells cultured on polymer substrates can be obtained using automatic subtraction of the polymer signals and demonstrate the capabilities of these methods in two important applications: tissue engineering and in vitro toxicology screening of drugs. Apart from their scientific and technological importance, these applications are examples of the two most common measurement configurations: (1) cells cultured on an optically thick polymer substrate measured using an immersion/dipping objective; and (2) cells cultured on a transparent polymer substrate and measured using an inverted optical microscope. In these examples, we show that Raman hyperspectral data sets with sufficient quality can be successfully acquired to map the distribution of common biomolecules in cells, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, as well as detecting the early stages of apoptosis. We also discuss strategies for further improvements that could expand the application of Raman hyperspectral imaging on polymer substrates even further in biomedical sciences and engineering.
Teachers’ Sensemaking and Data Use Implementation in Science Classrooms
Authors: Snodgrass Rangel Virginia , Bell Elizabeth , Monroy Carlos
Published: August 2017

Accountability policies assume that educators will use student data to improve student learning, but data use in practice has turned out to be harder than theorized. The purpose of this article was to examine how science teachers in Grades 5 to 8 used data in their classrooms. Utilizing sensemaking theory, we found that teachers decided how to use data based on district and school policies and expectations around assessment and data use, balancing those messages with their own understandings of science education. In practice, this led to the privileging of certain kinds of assessment and data use at the expense of others.
Investigation Efficiency and Microcontroller-Based Energy Flow Control for Wind-Solar-Fuel Cell Hybrid Energy Generation System with Battery Storage
Authors: Koca Yavuz Bahadır , Oğuz Yüksel , Yönetken Ahmet
Published: August 2017

In this proposal, microcontroller-based energy flow control was designed in order to effectively and efficiently enable the use of energy sources in a hybrid energy generation system including wind, solar, and hydrogen energy. It was assumed that the hybrid energy generation system is dynamic during the design of the microcontroller-based energy flow control. A wind–solar energy generation system was determined as the base load power plant. Depending on the demand, the battery group and fuel cell were activated effectively. If an energy surplus occurred, it was stored in battery groups and transformed into hydrogen energy via a hydrogen generator simultaneously. In addition to providing energy sustainability, a constant active status of the energy storage group was prevented and the physical life of the group was prolonged by means of the microcontroller-based control system. If consumer demand could not be met by the main energy sources including wind and solar energy, the battery groups and fuel cell were activated and provided the energy sustainability. After a certain level of charge was reached in the battery group, it was deactivated via the control system in order to prevent unnecessary use of energy. By means of the microcontroller-based control system, the usage of energy generated with the hybrid energy generation system was analysed according to its efficiency.
Sending parents to nursing homes is unfilial? An exploratory study on institutional elder care in China
Authors: Zhang Haomiao
Published: August 2017

Due to an increasing aged population and small-scale families, China is paying more and more attention to institutional elder care. However, the viewpoint of ‘sending parents to nursing homes is unfilial’ is still influential. This article makes a preliminary analysis on institutional elder care and filial piety issues based on deep interview data with elders in nursing homes and their adult children. It finds that institutional elder care has changed the understanding of the elder residents and their adult children concerning filial piety.
Changing the lens: Reflections on social education/practice in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Dullea Karen
Published: August 2017

This short piece draws on interviews with social work professionals, academics, and Master’s students in or associated with the social work program, University of the West Indies, Trinidad. The focus of the research based on 14 2- to 3-hour dialogic unstructured interviews and a short focus group (before class) with Master’s students was ‘What is social work in Trinidad and Tobago?’.
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation for injection molding flow of short fiber-reinforced polymer composites
Authors: He Liping , Lu Gang , Chen Dachuan , Li Wenjun , Chen Liangpeng , Yuan Jianmin , Lu Chunsheng
Published: August 2017

The injection molding process of short fiber-reinforced polymer composites was investigated using smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. The polymer melt was modeled as a power law fluid, and the fibers were considered as rigid bodies. The flow behavior of short fiber-reinforced polymer composite melt and the motion and orientation of fibers were studied. The results showed that U-shaped fountain flow was generated at the flow front, and the center of the flow front gradually sank during the injection molding process; fibers were aligned to the flow direction in the cavity and near the wall in the sprue, and fibers accumulated at some points in the cavity. Additionally, the initial fiber configuration in the model influenced the final fiber orientation slightly. It was also found that the fiber orientation factor increased with the increase of fiber aspect ratio, and decreased with the increase of fiber content.
Social Scientific Analysis of Nuclear Weapons
Authors: Gartzke Erik , Kroenig Matthew
Published: August 2017

Scholars interested in researching nuclear security are increasingly expressing the fear that the “important questions” have already been answered. At the same time, recent studies highlight the potential for major limitations on the ability to conduct casual inference on nuclear proliferation in particular, suggesting perhaps that we know much less than was previously believed. Although recognizing these challenges, this article argues that there remain ample opportunities to conduct innovative scholarship on questions of nuclear security. New nuclear challenges bring fresh opportunities for the next generation of research on topics including limited nuclear war; nuclear nonproliferation diplomacy; emerging technology, weapons proliferation and strategic stability; nuclear modernization and arms races; and many other issues. More precise theory, new data, and improved methods of inference also allow researchers to revisit and possibly resolve persistent debates. Although the problems confronting research on nuclear security are serious, they can be addressed. In sum, the questions in this field are so consequential that they deserve the best available analytical attention, even if the resulting answers are not perfect.
Prediction of Lethality in Suicide Attempts: Gender Matters
Authors: Choo Carol C. , Harris Keith M. , Ho Roger C.
Published: August 2017

This study explores gender differences in lethality of suicide attempts. Three years of medical records related to suicide attempters ( N = 666) were subjected to analysis. Of the sample, 69.2% were female, 30.8% male; 63.8% Chinese, 15.8% Indian, and 15.0 % Malay. Ages ranged from 10 to 85 years old ( M = 29.7, SD = 16.1). More males than females made attempts with high perceived lethality (χ2 = 12.10, p < .0001) and high medical lethality (χ2 = 10.59, p < .0001). Available variables were subjected to regression analyses. The regression models predicted more than 60% of high medical lethality suicide attempts and more than 80% of high perceived lethality attempts. Suicide intent and opportunity for rescue were significant predictors for both measures of lethality. Gender differences were examined. Findings were discussed in regard to implications in suicide assessments and interventions.
Profiling Collocations in EFL Writing of Chinese Tertiary Learners
Authors: Chen Wang
Published: August 2017

The present study explores the under-researched area of collocation use with learners from different proficiency levels. The study investigates different types of collocations and the learners’ elaboration of their collocation use. A total of 194 students from three different years of study in a Chinese university wrote compositions on the same topic, and 42 of them were invited to post-writing interviews on collocation use. The compositions were used to retrieve collocations, and the interviews to explore each learner’s reflections on collocation use. The results showed that learners fail to demonstrate consistent improvement in the use of collocation in terms of frequency and association strength. The overwhelming majority of the collocations in learner writing are below the MI threshold. The present study also found that learners at the advanced stage of learning need both awareness for collocations, and more importantly, awareness for low-frequency collocations with high MI scores.
Negativity and Positivity Biases in Economic News Coverage: Traditional Versus Social Media
Authors: Soroka Stuart , Daku Mark , Hiaeshutter-Rice Dan , Guggenheim Lauren , Pasek Josh
Published: August 2017

Past work suggests that the priorities for information propagation in social media may be markedly different from the priorities for news selection in traditional media outlets. We explore this possibility here, focusing on the tone of both newspaper and Twitter content following changes in the U.S. unemployment rate, from 2008 to 2014. Results strongly support the expectation that while the tone of newspaper content exhibits stronger reactions to negative information, the tone of Twitter content reacts more strongly to positive economic shifts.
Development and Psychometric Testing of the Diabetes Caregiver Activity and Support Scale
Authors: Scarton Lisa J. , Bakas Tamilyn , Miller Wendy R. , McLennon Susan M. , Huber Lesa L. , Hull Margie A.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop and psychometrically test the Diabetes Caregiver Activity and Support Scale (D-CASS), a measure of how difficult or easy caregiver activity and supportive behaviors are for family caregivers of persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods

Internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, criterion-related validity, and construct validity were examined in 101 family caregivers of persons with T2DM. Participants were recruited using study brochures distributed at a large hospital in the Midwest and at statewide American Indian Pow Wows. Additionally, study brochures were available via a link on Facebook. Data collection occurred by telephone, face-to-face, or through Facebook using measures with evidence of reliability and validity. Family caregivers were predominately female (82.2%), spouses (50.2%), and American Indian (17%), African American (24%), or white (55%). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and psychometric analyses.

Results

The psychometric analyses resulted in an 11-item D-CASS with evidence of internal consistency reliability (alpha = .82) and test-retest reliability. Evidence of construct validity was obtained using 3 hierarchical multiple regressions guided by a conceptual model. Factor analysis supported the unidimensionality of the D-CASS.

Conclusion

The 11-item D-CASS is a brief and easy to administer instrument that has evidence of reliability and validity in family caregivers of persons with T2DM.
Desmoplastic Melanoma of the Head and Neck: Incidence and Survival, 1992‐2013
Authors: Khan Fatima , Strohl Alexis , Allen Paul D. , Doerr Timothy D.
Published: August 2017

Objective

To describe the epidemiological characteristics and survival of desmoplastic melanoma of the head and neck (DMHN) and discuss the factors influencing survival variation among DMHN, DM of other sites (DMnHN), and conventional melanoma of the head and neck (CMHN).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (years 1992‐2013).

Subjects and Methods

Incidence and survival data for 1095 patients with DMHN, 1139 patients with DMnHN, and 40,257 patients with CMHN were obtained. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate survival outcomes.

Results

Patients with DMHN were diagnosed at greater Breslow thickness (P <. 001), stage (P <. 001), and Clark’s level (P <. 001) compared to DMnHN and CMHN. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis demonstrated disease‐specific survival (DSS) at 5 and 10 years for DMHN to be 80.5% and 74.7%, respectively, compared with 89.1% and 86%, respectively, for DMnHN and 88.1% and 83%, respectively, for CMHN (log‐rank test; P <. 001). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, age at diagnosis (P <. 001), Breslow depth >4.00 mm (P =. 006), lymph node status (P <. 001), and presence of ulceration (P <. 001) were found to be independent predictors of DSS for DMHN.

Conclusion

The increasing incidence and poor survivability of DMHN compared to DMnHN and CMHN are parsimoniously explained by the later stage of disease and depth of invasion at diagnosis, highlighting the importance of improved diagnosis and awareness of DMHN.
Speech and Language Consequences of Unilateral Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review
Authors: Anne Samantha , Lieu Judith E. C. , Cohen Michael S.
Published: August 2017

Objective

Unilateral hearing loss has been shown to have negative consequences for speech and language development in children. The objective of this study was to systematically review the current literature to quantify the impact of unilateral hearing loss on children, with the use of objective measures of speech and language.

Data Sources

PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 2015. Manual searches of references were also completed.

Review Methods

All studies that described speech and language outcomes for children with unilateral hearing loss were included. Outcome measures included results from any test of speech and language that evaluated or had age‐standardized norms. Due to heterogeneity of the data, quantitative analysis could not be completed. Qualitative analysis was performed on the included studies. Two independent evaluators reviewed each abstract and article.

Results

A total of 429 studies were identified; 13 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Overall, 7 studies showed poorer scores on various speech and language tests, with effects more pronounced for children with severe to profound hearing loss. Four studies did not demonstrate any difference in testing results between patients with unilateral hearing loss and those with normal hearing. Two studies that evaluated effects on speech and language longitudinally showed initial speech problems, with improvement in scores over time.

Conclusions

There are inconsistent data regarding effects of unilateral hearing loss on speech and language outcomes for children. The majority of recent studies suggest poorer speech and language testing results, especially for patients with severe to profound unilateral hearing loss.
Facile synthesis of mesoporous calcium carbonate particles with finger citron residue as template and their adsorption performances for Congo red
Authors: Ma Luying , Zhao Guihua , Fang Yaoyao , Dai Wei , Ma Na
Published: August 2017

Herein, we demonstrate a simple and cost-effective method to prepare the new hierarchically Ni-doped porous CaCO3 monoliths in a large scale by mineralizing finger citron residue templates with a calcium acetate precursor. The morphology, microstructure, and element composition of as-prepared adsorbents are characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and N2 adsorption, respectively. Adsorption performance of anionic dye Congo red was investigated in a batch experiment. The results showed that pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm matched well for the Congo red adsorption. Compared with previously reported adsorbents, due to positive and negative charge effect between Congo red and Ni, Ni-doped porous CaCO3 monoliths demonstrated a superior Congo red dye adsorption capability. The results of the present study substantiate that Ni-doped porous CaCO3 monoliths is a promising adsorbent for the removal of the anionic dyes from wastewater.
The effects of prototypicality and gender salience on liking and friendship potential of a female interlocutor
Authors: Ma Rong , Seate Anita Atwell , Joyce Nick
Published: August 2017

Drawing on self-categorization theory, this article examines the indirect effects of gender salience and prototypicality on friendship potential through increasing liking of a female interlocutor. We manipulated biographies of the fictitious interlocutor to change perceptions of prototypicality. For women, gender salience interacted with prototypicality to directly predict liking and the desire to become friends with the interlocutor indirectly through liking. Specifically, there was an interaction between prototypicality and gender salience, such that as gender salience increased, the prototypical interlocutor was liked significantly more and had higher friendship potential. For men, the same relationships did not appear. We discuss the implications of our study as well as directions for future research on intragroup communication and intergroup contexts with regard to power asymmetry.
Propensity for paying home visits among general practitioners and the associations with cancer patients’ place of care and death: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Winthereik Anna K , Hjertholm Peter , Neergaard Mette Asbjoern , Jensen Anders Bonde , Vedsted Peter
Published: August 2017

Background:

Previous studies of associations between home visits by general practitioners and end-of-life care for cancer patients have been subject to confounding.

Aim:

To analyse associations between general practitioners’ propensity to pay home visits and the likelihood of hospitalisation and dying out of hospital among their cancer patients.

Design:

A national register cohort study with an ecological exposure. Standardised incidence rates of general practitioner home visits were calculated as a measure for propensity. Practices were grouped into propensity quartiles. Associations between propensity groups and end-of-life outcomes for cancer patients aged 40 or above were calculated.

Setting/participants:

Danish general practitioners and citizens aged 40 or above were included from 2003 to 2012.

Results:

We included 2670 practices with 2,518,091 listed patients (18,364,679 person-years); of whom 116,677 died from cancer. General practitioners were grouped into quartiles based on the general practitioners’ propensity to pay home visits, which varied 6.6-fold between quartiles. Cancer patients in Group 4 (highest propensity) were less hospitalised than patients in Group 1 (lowest propensity): odds ratio: 1.13 (95% confidence interval: 1.08; 1.17) for ⩽3 bed-days and odds ratio: 0.95 (0.91–0.99) for ⩾20 bed-days. Group 4 patients were more likely to die out of hospital (odds ratio: 1.20 (1.16; 1.24)) than Group 1 patients.

Conclusion:

We found a dose–response-like association between general practitioners’ higher propensity to pay home visit and their patients’ likelihood of less end-of-life hospitalisation and more often dying out of hospital.
Better late than never (or early): Music training in late childhood is associated with enhanced decision-making
Authors: Smayda Kirsten E , Worthy Darrell A , Chandrasekaran Bharath
Published: August 2017

Decision-making is critical to everyday life. Here we ask: to what extent does music training benefit decision-making? Supported by strong associations between music training and enhanced cross-domain skills, we hypothesize that musicians may show decision-making advantages relative to non-musicians. Prior work has also argued for a “critical period” for cross-domain plasticity such that beginning music training early enhances sensorimotor brain regions that mature early in life. Given that brain regions supporting decision-making begin maturing late in childhood, we hypothesized that an advantage in decision-making may only be present in musicians who began music training later in childhood. To test this hypothesis, young adults who began music training before and after 8 years of age (early-trained musicians, ET; late-trained musicians, LT, respectively) and non-musicians (NM) performed a decision-making task. We found a decision-making advantage in LT relative to ET and NM. To better understand the mechanism of the LT advantage, we conducted computational modeling on participant responses and found that LT were less biased by recent outcomes and incorporated longer strings of outcomes when deciding among the choice options. These results tentatively suggest that music training may confer decision-making enhancements, and carry strong implications for the utility of music training in childhood.
Long term outcome of childhood onset headache: A prospective community study
Authors: Sillanpää Matti , Saarinen Maiju M
Published: August 2017

Purpose

To examine prevalence, course, and long-term outcome of childhood migraine and other headaches.

Method

Using questionnaires, 1185 children were followed for recurrent headaches at ages seven, 14 and 32 years, respectively.

Results

At age seven years, 4.0% of the 1185 children (girls 3.7%, boys 4.3%) had migraine and 24% (25%/23%) had nonmigrainous headache. In adulthood, 16% (22%/8%) had migraine and 60% (64%/54%) nonmigrainous headache. Childhood migraine persisted into adulthood in 65% of females and 21% of males, and nonmigrainous headache in 62% and 59%, respectively. After childhood, 17% of females and 7% of males started to have episodes of migraine. No recurrent headache during the follow-up was reported by 11% (6%/16%). In a multivariate analysis, compared with no childhood headache, childhood migraine increased the risk of adulthood migraine by 3.36-fold (95% CI 1.94–5.82) and that of nonmigrainous headache by 1.72-fold (1.14–2.60).

Discussion and conclusions

Headaches are generally as common in preschool girls as boys. From early school years, headaches steadily increase up to young adulthood, but among boys the prevalence levels off after adolescence. About two thirds of children experienced changes in their headache status during a 25-year follow-up. Any kind of recurrent headache at school entry predicts an increased risk of headache in young adulthood. Special attention should be paid to girls and particularly those girls who have recurrent headache when they start school.
Correlation of 3D Shift and 3D Tilt of the Patella in Patients With Recurrent Dislocation of the Patella and Healthy Volunteers: An In Vivo Analysis Based on 3-Dimensional Computer Models
Authors: Yamada Yuzo , Toritsuka Yukiyoshi , Nakamura Norimasa , Horibe Shuji , Sugamoto Kazuomi , Yoshikawa Hideki , Shino Konsei
Published: August 2017

Background:

The concepts of lateral deviation and lateral inclination of the patella, characterized as shift and tilt, have been applied in combination to evaluate patellar malalignment in patients with patellar dislocation. It is not reasonable, however, to describe the 3-dimensional (3D) positional relation between the patella and the femur according to measurements made on 2-dimensional (2D) images.

Purpose:

The current study sought to clarify the relation between lateral deviation and inclination of the patella in patients with recurrent dislocation of the patella (RDP) by redefining them via 3D computer models as 3D shift and 3D tilt.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Altogether, 60 knees from 56 patients with RDP and 15 knees from 10 healthy volunteers were evaluated. 3D shift and tilt of the patella were analyzed with 3D computer models created by magnetic resonance imaging scans obtained at 10° intervals of knee flexion (0°-50°). 3D shift was defined as the spatial distance between the patellar reference point and the midsagittal plane of the femur; it is expressed as a percentage of the interepicondylar width. 3D tilt was defined as the spatial angle between the patellar reference plane and the transepicondylar axis. Correlations between the 2 parameters were assessed with the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results:

The patients’ mean Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.895 ± 0.186 (range, –0.073 to 0.997; median, 0.965). In all, 56 knees (93%) had coefficients >0.7 (strong correlation); 1 knee (2%), >0.4 (moderate correlation); 2 knees (3%), >0.2 (weak correlation); and 1 knee (2%), <0.2 (no correlation). The mean correlation coefficient of the healthy volunteers was 0.645 ± 0.448 (range, –0.445 to 0.982; median, 0.834). A statistically significant difference was found in the distribution of the correlation coefficients between the patients and the healthy volunteers ( P = .0034). When distribution of the correlation coefficients obtained by the 3D analyses was compared with that by the 2D (conventional) analyses, based on the bisect offset index and patellar tilt angle, the 3D analyses showed statistically higher correlations between the lateral deviation and inclination of the patella ( P < .01).

Conclusion:

3D shift and 3D tilt of the patella were moderately or strongly correlated in 95% of patients with RDP at 0° to 50° of knee flexion.

Clinical Relevance:

It is not always necessary to use both parameters when evaluating patellar alignment, at least for knees with RDP at 0° to 50° of flexion. Such a description may enable surgeons to describe patellar alignment more simply, leading to a better, easier understanding of the characteristics of each patient with RDP.
Traditional baseball statistics still dominate news stories
Authors: Abisaid Joseph L. , Cassidy William P.
Published: August 2017

This study investigates whether journalists have adopted sabermetrics, the use of advanced baseball statistics for making player projections and objectively measuring player performance, in their reporting of Major League Baseball stories since the print and theatrical release of Moneyball. Findings suggest that traditional baseball statistics still dominate baseball news reporting but the use of sabermetrics has significantly increased after Moneyball was published.
Marijuana business workers most common news source
Authors: Block Steven
Published: August 2017

This study explores newspaper coverage of marijuana legalization in Colorado during the first two months of implementation in 2014. The analysis of 202 news articles marijuana business workers and users account for 29 percent of sources used in articles. The most commonly discussed benefit of legalization is taxation revenue, while arguments against legalization are more diverse.
Public information officers exert increasing controls
Authors: Carlson Carolyn S. , Cuillier David
Published: August 2017

Journalists have long experienced a love-hate relationship with government public information officers (PIOs) in setting the public agenda, particularly at the federal level. Three surveys of journalists and PIOs examined whether government controls impact journalists’ gatekeeping roles. Results indicated that journalists felt PIO controls are increasing, that reporters covering federal agencies express the most frustration, and that PIOs at the federal level indicate the greatest need for controls over journalists.
English doping suspension trigger event for U.S. news
Authors: Denham Bryan E.
Published: August 2017

This study examined the extent to which a “trigger event” in European sports altered coverage of doping in United States newspapers. Specifically, the study analyzed references to human growth hormone (hGH) before and after English rugby player Terry Newton became the first athlete to test positive for hGH. The research observed increases in hGH references following an announcement that Newton had tested positive and would receive a two-year ban from competition.
Newspaper news exposure predicts political participation
Authors: Thorson Esther , Swafford Scott , Kim Eunjin (Anna)
Published: August 2017

This study reports a survey of media use, political knowledge, and participation in local elections by people in three small Midwest communities. This study showed that newspaper political news exposure strongly predicted political participation, perceived importance of local municipal elections, and self-reported voting. It did not, however, predict knowledge about local government structure.
Control frames dominate E-cigarette news articles
Authors: Wu Lu , Gibson Rhonda
Published: August 2017

A content analysis of how e-cigarettes are framed in news stories and editorials in leading newspapers revealed content largely supportive of tobacco control initiatives for e-cigarettes. The FDA and CDC were the most quoted sources in e-cigarette control framed stories, whereas e-cigarette manufacturers and retailers were the most quoted sources in content with a dominant frame focused on the e-cigarette industry.
Proximity prominent news value for online publication
Authors: Yang Guolan , Cannon Douglas F.
Published: August 2017

This case study examines how editors select stories for a Chinese-language publication’s WeChat public account. Results of a content analysis between May and August 2014 indicate that editors do not strictly rely on established news values to select WeChat stories. News categories better predict story decisions. Furthermore, news-category priorities identified in interviews with editors closely match what readers want to see.
Patients’ Perceptions of an Exercise Program Delivered Following Discharge From Hospital After Critical Illness (the Revive Trial)
Authors: Ferguson Kathryn , Bradley Judy M. , McAuley Daniel F. , Blackwood Bronagh , O’Neill Brenda
Published: August 2017

Background:

The REVIVE randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated the effectiveness of an individually tailored (personalized) exercise program for patients discharged from hospital after critical illness. By including qualitative methods, we aimed to explore patients’ perceptions of engaging in the exercise program.

Methods:

Patients were recruited from general intensive care units in 6 hospitals in Northern Ireland. Patients allocated to the exercise intervention group were invited to participate in this qualitative study. Independent semistructured interviews were conducted at 6 months after randomization. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and content analysis used to explore themes arising from the data.

Results:

Of 30 patients allocated to the exercise group, 21 completed the interviews. Patients provided insight into the physical and mental sequelae they experienced following critical illness. There was a strong sense of patients’ need for the exercise program and its importance for their recovery following discharge home. Key facilitators of the intervention included supervision, tailoring of the exercises to personal needs, and the exercise manual. Barriers included poor mental health, existing physical limitations, and lack of motivation. Patients’ views of outcome measures in the REVIVE RCT varied. Many patients were unsure about what would be the best way of measuring how the program affected their health.

Conclusions:

This qualitative study adds an important perspective on patients’ attitude to an exercise intervention following recovery from critical illness, and provides insight into the potential facilitators and barriers to delivery of the program and how programs should be evolved for future trials.
Types of Trauma and Self-Reported Pain That Limits Functioning in Different-Aged Cohorts
Authors: Sprang Ginny , Bush Heather M. , Coker Ann L. , Brancato Candace J.
Published: August 2017

There is a growing body of literature that childhood or adult trauma exposure can have lifelong mental and physical health impacts. In this large cross-sectional analysis, authors investigated combinations of trauma types and pain resulting in functional limitations among women recruited into a statewide health registry. Combinations of traumas such as child physical abuse (CPA), child sexual abuse (CSA), and adult violence were hypothesized to be associated with greater likelihood of limiting pain and earlier symptom onset, relative to women with no or singular trauma exposures. Pain prevalence rates (PRs) and adjusted prevalence rate ratios (aPRRs) were highest among women experiencing multiple forms of violence (43.3% among women disclosing CPA, CSA, and adult violence; aPRR = 2.06, p < .001), intermediate for women experiencing CPA or CSA yet no adult violence (37.0%; aPRR = 1.76, p < .001), and lower among women experiencing adult violence only (27.1%; aPRR = 1.29, p < .001), relative to women never experiencing violence (20.7%). As hypothesized, the effect of combinations of trauma on chronic pain was consistently greatest for those reporting limiting pain at younger ages. Implications include the need to identify combinations of traumatic events across the life span, and to intervene early to reduce the impact of trauma on health and functioning.
Longitudinal Effects of Gendered Harassment Perpetration and Victimization on Mental Health Outcomes in Adolescence
Authors: Rinehart Sarah J. , Espelage Dorothy L. , Bub Kristen L.
Published: August 2017

Gendered harassment, including sexual harassment and homophobic name-calling, is prevalent in adolescents and is linked to negative outcomes including depression, anxiety, suicidality, substance abuse, and personal distress. However, much of the extant literature is cross-sectional and rarely are perpetrators of these behaviors included in studies of outcomes. Therefore, the current study examined the effects of longitudinal changes in gendered harassment perpetration and victimization on changes in mental health outcomes among a large sample of early adolescents. Given that these behaviors commonly occur in the context of a patriarchal society (males hold power), we also investigated the impact of gender on gendered harassment. Participants included 3,549 students from four Midwestern middle schools (50.4% female, 49% African American, 34% White) at two time points (13 and 17 years old). Results indicated that increases from age 13 to 17 years in sexual harassment perpetration and victimization and homophobic name-calling perpetration and victimization predicted increases in depression symptoms and substance use. Gender did not moderate these pathways. These findings highlight that negative outcomes are associated with changes in gendered harassment among adolescents and emphasize the importance of prevention efforts. Implications for school interventions are discussed.
Traumatic Experience, Polytraumatization, and Perinatal Depression in a Diverse Sample of Adolescent Mothers
Authors: Killian-Farrell Candace , Rizo Cynthia F. , Lombardi Brianna M. , Meltzer-Brody Samantha , Bledsoe Sarah E.
Published: August 2017

This study examines the prevalence of trauma subtypes, polytraumatization, and perinatal depression (PND) in a diverse sample of adolescent mothers to help inform PND prevention, screening, and treatment efforts. We conducted a secondary analysis of a sample ( N = 210) of adolescent mothers aged 14 to 20 years from a prospective longitudinal study of PND. Participants were recruited from a county-based, public health prenatal clinic, and data were collected in the prenatal and postpartum periods. In this sample, 81% of adolescent mothers reported at least one trauma experience and 75% reported lifetime experience of intimate partner violence (IPV). The most prevalent trauma types among adolescent mothers reporting PND were sexual trauma prior to age 13 (11.9%), loss of a caregiver or sibling (28.3%), emotional adversity (17.1%), and polytraumatization (43%). Trauma is alarmingly prevalent among adolescent mothers. Results suggest standards of care for adolescent mothers should include screening adolescent mothers for trauma history and provision of appropriate referrals for IPV. Findings support the need for trauma-informed treatment in perinatal public health clinics to decrease potential health risks to both mother and baby.