bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ImmunoCharge: Phase 4 Clinical Trial App for Pandemic Vaccination
Authors: Saha Bajradeepon , Mazumder Chaitali , Laha Arunava , Thakur Gour Sundar Mitra , Mukherjee Debaprasad
Published: December 2021

Immuno-Charge is an application that focuses on collecting clinical data forclinical trial purposes and helps to fix appointments for vaccination. The application acts asa bridge between the user and pharmaceutical company as it provides required data to thecompany and provides an easy interface to use, both for user and company. It also keepsrecords and track of vaccines taken by users. Users must fill in the data that is provided tothem in a question-and-answer format. The limitation is that the authentication of the user'smedical data & symptoms is not done. The progress of immunization can be a long, complexprocess that regularly lasts 10-15 years and includes a combination of public and privateenterprise involvement. Vaccines are designed, tested, and directed in a really similar way toother drugs. Clinical trials are research studies or observations done in clinical research.Such planned biomedical or behavioral studies on human members are designed to answerspecific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments(such as novel vaccines, drugs etc) and known intercessions that warrant encouragingthought about and comparison. Clinical studies provide information about measurement,safety, and feasibility.
Looking Inside the Black Box of Mindfulness Meditation: Investigating Attention and Awareness During Meditation Using the Mindful Awareness Task (MAT)
Authors: Hadash Yuval , Ruimi Liad , Bernstein Amit
Published: December 2021

Training attention and awareness in mindfulness meditation is theorized to be essential for the cultivation of mindfulness and its salutary outcomes. Yet, the empirical foundation for this central premise in mindfulness science is surprisingly small due to a limited methodological capacity to measure attention and awareness during mindfulness meditation. Accordingly, we set out to measure and study these processes in a laboratory study (N = 143, 76.92% female) using a novel behavioral measurement paradigm – the Mindful Awareness Task (MAT). We empirically characterized attention and awareness during mindfulness meditation and found novel behavioral evidence indicating that, as long-theorized, these processes were related to previous mindfulness meditation practice, attitudinal qualities of mindfulness, attention regulation, and mental health. Furthermore, we found that the accuracy of self-reported mindfulness was, paradoxically, dependent on behavioral capacities for mindful awareness; and that sustained visual attention and executive functions, measured via cognitive-experimental tasks, were not meaningfully related to attention and awareness during mindfulness meditation. In contrast, the MAT demonstrated sound psychometric performance as a measure of mindful awareness and may overcome significant limitations of extant mindfulness measurement methods. Collectively, findings challenge conceptual and methodological assumptions in mindfulness science, provide a novel paradigmatic direction for research on mindfulness, and present long-awaited evidence that attention and awareness during mindfulness meditation may indeed be fundamental to its practice, cultivation, and salutary functions.
The Prediction-Explanation Fallacy: A Pervasive Problem in Scientific Applications of Machine Learning
Authors: Del Giudice Marco
Published: December 2021

In this paper, I highlight a problem that has become ubiquitous in scientific applications of machine learning methods, and can lead to seriously distorted inferences about the phenomena under study. I call it the prediction-explanation fallacy. The fallacy occurs when researchers use prediction-optimized models for explanatory purposes, without considering the tradeoffs between explanation and prediction. This is a problem for at least two reasons. First, prediction-optimized models are often deliberately biased and unrealistic in order to prevent overfitting, and hence fail to accurately explain the phenomenon of interest. In other cases, they have an exceedingly complex structure that is hard or impossible to interpret, which greatly limits their explanatory value. Second, different predictive models trained on the same or similar data can be biased in different ways, so that multiple models may predict equally well but suggest conflicting explanations of the underlying phenomenon. In this note I introduce the tradeoffs between prediction and explanation in a non-technical fashion, present some illustrative examples from neuroscience, and end by discussing some mitigating factors and methods that can be used to limit or circumvent the problem.
Conditioning and Associative Learning
Authors: Mason Alice , Ludvig Elliot Andrew , Madan Christopher R
Published: December 2021

Associative learning is the process whereby humans and other animals learn the predictive relationship between cues in their environment. This process underlies simple forms of learning from rewards, such as classical and operant conditioning. In this chapter, we introduce the basics of associative learning and discuss the role that memory processes play in the establishment and maintenance of this learning. We then discuss the role that associative learning plays in human memory, including through paired associate learning, the enhancement of memory by reward, and the formation of episodic memories. Finally, we illustrate how the memory process influences choice in decision-making, where associative learning allows people to learn the values of different options. We conclude with some suggestions about how models of associative learning, memory, and choice can be integrated into a single theoretical framework.
San Roque, L. & B. B. Schieffelin. Language Socialisation in the Papuan context
Authors: San Roque Lila , Schieffelin Bambi B.
Published: December 2021

This chapter reviews research on language socialisation in Papuan languages and will appear (subject to edits) in N. Evans & S. Fedden (eds.), The Oxford Guide to Papuan Languages. Readers who are interested in this topic are pointed to the chapter on language acquisition by Hellwig, Sarvasy, and Casillas in the same volume.
تحليل العائد والمخاطر لأسهم المحفظة الاستثمارية لعينة المصارف التجارية العراقية الخاصة للمدة 2015-2019
Authors: عباس محمد احمد , عباس عبادي ا.م.د اثير
Published: December 2021

The importance of the research lies in revealing the ability of private Iraqi commercial banks to maximize bank returns by attracting investments in the Iraq Stock Exchange, and the aim of the research is to how to manage the investment portfolio of private Iraqi commercial banks in the Iraq Stock Exchange and in a manner that achieves the highest return and the least risk, in addition In order to know which of those banks has an optimal portfolio, the research assumed that there was an effect of forming an investment portfolio in maximizing the return and reducing the risks for the banks. Statistical methods such as the variance rate, standard deviation and (beta) coefficient were used in measuring the return and risk of stocks to analyze the data. In the fluctuation of the achieved return of shares and the achieved return of the market from one year to another within the period, as well as the change in risk for bank shares from one year to another and during the period and the researcher made some proposals in the form of recommendations to increase the effectiveness of these banks in their investments, the most important of which was how to manage the investment portfolio in banks and increase investment awareness The investors and the need to adhere to the instructions of the Iraq Stock Exchange, as well as work to attract harm Invest in order to increase circulation in the market.
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARITIME TRADE IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   Odessa National Maritime University, Shcherbyna Veronika
Published: December 2021

International trade is influenced by many factors: the development and deepening of the labor international division and the production internationalization; trade growth and economic integration with the common markets formation, free trade zones; international trade liberalization, reduction of the level of protectionism and trade barriers. The very first form of international trade was sea trade, since one of the oldest modes of transport is sea transport, which still retains its primacy in cargo transportation. Sea trade is a form of international economic relations, international trade in goods, the delivery of which is carried out using sea transport.The article examines the current state and trends in the maritime trade deve-lopment, identifies the main problems of the maritime industry and the risks that threaten the development of maritime trade in a pandemic, analyzes the prospects for the deve-lopment of trade with the participation of maritime transport in the world and in Ukraine.Trade tensions have triggered a restructuring of global maritime trade, as the search for alternative markets and suppliers has redirected flows from China to other markets, especially in Southeast Asia. UNCTAD experts note that the impact of COVID-19 on trade was most severe in the first half of 2020, when trade volumes fell by 15 %. But many countries never recovered by the end of the year. On the other hand, some states were able to successfully withstand new challenges and achieved an increase in their share in the world market, displacing from it the least competitive suppliers, which suffered as a result of reduced demand. The analysis showed that the structure of Ukraine's maritime trade was quite resistant to the emergence of coronavirus. And the significant share of agricultural products in production and exports is a confirmation of this fact. For the development of Ukraine's maritime trade and integration into the world economic system, it is necessary to develop and implement the capabilities of the national maritime economic complex, to protect the interests of Ukraine as a maritime power in the foreign policy and foreign economic spheres.Keywords: maritime trade, COVID-19 pandemic, export, import, maritime policy.
Visual Object Agnosia in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A First Neuroimaging Biomarker
Authors:   Privolzhsky State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tikhomirov G.V. ,   Nizgny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Grigorieva V.N. ,   Privolzhsky State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Nizgny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Surkova A.S. ,   Privolzhsky State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Nizgny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

Study Objective: To demonstrate the potential use of peripheral sulcus occipitotemporalis involvement as a first neuroimaging biomarker of visual object agnosia in acute ischemic stroke. Study Design: Retrospective study. Materials and Methods. We have examined 76 patients (52 males, 24 females) in peracute or acute hemisphetic (supratentorial) ischemic stroke. The age of participants was 66.5 ± 6.7 years. The examination involved neurological, neuropsychologic, neuroimaging and eye checks. Any disturbances of the visual object gnosis were diagnosed with the Object Decision test from the Birmingham Object Recognition Battery. According to brain CT and MRI results, all patients underwent assessment of their sulcus occipitotemporalis involvement. Study Results. Stroke-related visual object agnosia was diagnosed in 7 (9.2%) patients. Statistically significant correlation between foci localisation in the sulcus occipitotemporalis and visual object agnosia development (χ2 = 64.2; р < 0.001) has been demonstrated. The sensitivity of sulcus occipitotemporalis involvement as a biomarker of visual object agnosia in acute ischemic stroke was 85.7%, while the specificity was 100%. Conclusion. Sulcus occipitotemporalis involvement in acute ischemic stroke can be used as a neuroimaging biomarker of visual object agnosia. Keywords: visual agnosia, object agnosia, ischemic stroke, neuroimaging, sulcus occipitotemporalis.
Sakarya Osmanlı Mezar Taşlarından Örneklerle Dardağan Serpuşlar
Authors: GÜNDOGDU Oktay , ŞEYBAN Lütfi
Published: December 2021

Türk tarihinde yüzyılların kazanımlarını hakka teslimiyet anlayışıyla bir hakkâkın elinde bedene büründürmek olarak görülebilecek mezar taşları, Türk kültürünün sürdürülmesini sağlayacak edebi detaylar yanında kültürel değerleri de bünyesinde barındıran yerel kaynakların başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Sakarya ilinin tamamında yapılan saha çalışması sonucunda elde edilen verilerin, türlerine göre sınıflandırılarak mezar taşı literatürüne kazandırılması; fakat özellikle, tespit edilen 1210 adet mezar taşı içinden, kimlik ve kıyafet verileri babında “Dardağan” serpûşlu şâhidelerin sanat tarihi yöntemine uygun şekilde değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunlar arasında yeniçeri mezar taşları, yeterli miktardaki verilerin konuyu örneklemede kullanılması sayesinde, makalede önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Yeniçeri mezar taşı özelliklerini barındıran örnekleri Sakarya sınırları içerisinde tespit etmiş olmak, 1826 yılında lağvedilmiş olan bir askeri sınıfın yayılım ağını, nüfuzunu ve sayılarını göstermesi bakımından Türkiye’deki çalışmalar için önemli kazanım olabilir. Çalışmada, tespit edilen dardağan serpûşlu mezar taşları, etimolojik değerlendirmeden ziyade, kitâbeleri üzerinden tasnif ve tahlile tâbi kılınmıştır. Dardağan serpûş ve türevleri bir bütün halinde ele alındığında, mezar taşı kitâbelerinde kayıtlı mesleki sınıflara dair yapılan ayrımın, serpûş tiplerini net olarak ortaya çıkardığı görülecektir. Bu yöntemle elde edilen veriler, dardağan serpûşlar için genel bir değerlendirme yapmayı mümkün kılmıştır. Bunun yanısıra Sakarya Sapanca’da, 1812 tarihli 3 adet yeniçeri mezar taşı, remizlerine istinaden; 5 adet mezar taşı ise bölüklerine istinaden tespit edilerek ilk kez bu çalışma sayesinde literatüre kazandırılmış olacaktır.
„Fundus animae” – Herderowska koncepcja nieświadomego podłoża ludzkiej podmiotowości
Authors: Michalski Rafał Andrzej
Published: December 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest omówieniu koncepcji podłoża duszy (fundus animae), która stanowi ważny element Herderowskiego projektu antropologii filozoficznej, a zarazem niezbędny punkt wyjścia do właściwego zrozumienia większości jego rozważań w zakresie teorii poznania, estetyki i filozofii języka. Nieświadome podłoże duszy jest źródłem jedności psychofizycznej człowieka. Ukryte w „otchłani duszy” synestetyczne, nasycone afektami wyobrażenia konstytuują fundament procesów poznawczych i stanowią semantyczny rdzeń późniejszych pojęć. W pierwszej części artykułu zostanie omówiona kategoria siły witalnej, która stanowi główne metafizyczne założenie teorii Herdera. Druga część zawiera rekonstrukcję wczesnej koncepcji fundus animae, natomiast w trzeciej części analizie poddano jej zrewidowaną wersję, w której filozof odwołuje się do pojęcia zmysłowej rozwagi (Besonnenheit) oraz do ustaleń XVIII-wiecznej fizjologii.
Uczestnictwo w niedzielnej Mszy świętej podczas trwania pandemii Covid-19. Studium empiryczne
Authors: Mikołajczak Sylwia
Published: December 2021

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań empirycznych dotyczących uczestnictwa studentów Wydziału Teologii Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie w niedzielnej Mszy świętej podczas trwania pandemii Covid-19.Na podstawie badań ukazano, w jakim stopniu pandemia wpłynęła na systematyczność uczestnictwa oraz zaangażowanie podczas liturgii. Badania zostały przeprowadzone metodą sondażu diagnostycznego z zastosowaniem techniki ankiety. Narzędziem badawczym wykorzystanym do zgromadzenia danych był kwestionariusz ankiety, składający się z dwunastu pytań. Zebrany materiał ukazuje, że podczas pandemii koronawirusa nastąpił spadek liczby osób uczęszczających na niedzielną Eucharystię, jak również spadek regularności uczestnictwa.
Polityka językowa wobec zagranicznych studentów w ukraińskich instytucjach szkolnictwa wyższego
Authors: Zaichko Vladyslava
Published: December 2021

W artykule przeanalizowano adaptację językową zagranicznych studentów uczelni na Ukrainie, w szczególności ich orientację językową, problemy z adaptacją oraz poziom zaangażowania w działalność naukową i społeczno-kulturalną. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz można wyróżnić kilka typów zagranicznych studentów ukraińskich uczelni. Pierwszy (dominujący) typ stanowią „pragmatyści” zorientowani na język angielski. Studenci ci są aktywni zarówno w pracy akademickiej, jak i badawczej, biorą czynny udział w życiu uczelni. Pochodzą głównie z Afryki (Algieria, Nigeria itd.), Azji (Chiny, Indie itd.) i Ameryki Południowej (Ekwador itd.). Drugim typem są zorientowani prorosyjsko „flegmatycy”. Studenci ci nie wykazują prawie żadnej aktywności pozalekcyjnej. Pochodzą głównie z Turkmenistanu, Uzbekistanu, innych krajów postsowieckich, a także z Turcji. Trzecim typem zagranicznych studentów są „marzyciele” zorientowanymi na Ukrainę. Jest to grupa niejednorodna, zarówno pod względem geograficznym, jak i narodowym. Studenci ci nauczyli się języka ukraińskiego specjalnie w tym celu, aby podjąć studia na Ukrainie. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań zauważono także, że większość zagranicznych studentów podejmujących naukę na ukraińskich uczelniach wyższych wykazuje się stosunkowo niskim poziomem znajomości języka angielskiego. Podobnie niskimi kwalifikacjami w tym języku może się wykazać znaczna część uniwersyteckiej ukraińskiej kadry dydaktycznej. Brakuje również materiałów dydaktycznych w języku angielskim. Wskazane byłoby zatem organizowanie odpowiednich kursów języka angielskiego dla zagranicznych studentów podejmujących studia na Ukrainie. Autorka zauważa, że optymalną polityką językową wobec zagranicznych studentów wydaje się być model fiński, który przewiduje naukę języka angielskiego, a dla tych studentów, którzy opanowali już język fiński, nauka jest bezpłatna i istnieje możliwość otrzymania stypendiów.
Edukacja religijna w europejskiej przestrzeni edukacyjnej: kontekst społeczny i kulturalny
Authors: Lomachinska Irina , Martych Ruslana
Published: December 2021

Autorki analizują cechy edukacji religijnej w kontekście aktualnych przemian we współczesnej europejskiej przestrzeni edukacyjnej. Na podstawie analizy zachodnioeuropejskich modeli edukacyjnych (bezwyznaniowych, wyznaniowych, wielowyznaniowych i mieszanych) określono główne problemy edukacji religijnej, które są wpisane w ukraiński system edukacyjny. W konkluzjach podkreślono, że choć ze względu na specyfikę historyczną, społeczną i religijno-kulturową nie ma ujednoliconych podejść do edukacji religijnej, to jednak celem w tego typu edukacji zawsze powinno być ukształtowanie w uczniach wartości duchowych, poszukiwanie światopoglądu opartego na dialogu i tolerancji. Natomiast wśród technologii edukacyjnych optymalne są ankiety, dyskusje i debaty z wykorzystaniem narzędzi analitycznych.
ANDRÉ LOUCO
Authors: Vasconcelos Helena
Published: December 2021

O trabalho artístico de Helena Vasconcelos, intitulado André louco, realizado em óleo sobre tela, em dimensões 0,50x0,79, a partir do conto homônimo de Bernardo Élis Fleury de Campos Curado, traz cenas importantes da narrativa. O conto, primeiramente publicado e enfeixado no livro Ermos e gerais, depois publicado avulso pela Livraria José Olympio, traz a pungente e dolorosa narrativa dos excluídos e miseráveis, loucos e vadios que vagavam pelas cidades do interior, completamente desassistidos. Desditosa a história, com toda sua gama de horrores e aberrações cometidas, no passado, com as pessoas portadoras de necessidades educacionais especiais. As cenas se sucedem tanto na produção literária, quanto na tela, com o aumento das atrocidades cometidas, até o suicídio do personagem em cena dolorosa ao fim da narrativa bastante trágica: “Pelas três horas da madrugada, mais ou menos, quando voltaram, André louco pendia da ponta do laço, murcho, a cabeça caída para a frente, os braços pendidos. Parecia uma grande catleia sinistra que houvesse fanado numa jarra”.

Professor Dr. Bento Alves Araújo Jayme Fleury Curado

 

ESPECIFICAÇÃO DOS DADOS TÉCNICOS

André Louco

TEC AST

Dimensão 0,50x0,70

Ano: 2021
“MEXER COM CORES É MEXER COM VIDAS”: ENTREVISTA COM A ARTISTA PLÁSTICA HELENA VASCONCELOS
Authors: Gonçalves Ricardo Junior de Assis Fernandes , Chaveiro Eguimar Felício
Published: December 2021

Um mundo incolor seria um mundo sem nexo e sem movimento. Uma cinza sideral cobriria tudo e não haveria diferenças, paisagens, sinuosidades. Todavia, há cores no mundo, assim como há o movimento e as formas. Talvez os deuses tomam as mãos humanas e fazem milagres pictóricos, assim são, por exemplo, as paisagens do Cerrado; e talvez os seres humanos, com suas mãos, fazem milagres pictóricos. Tanto o escritor ou  a escritora quanto o pintor ou a pintora, assim como José, Maria, Clementina... estão na dança do firmamento, e, por isso, são personagens do grande balé telúrico no qual ocorre o fluxo das coisas vivas.  

É com essa perspectiva que nos juntamos para entrar no mundo de cores, de formas, luzes e movimentos de Helena Vasconcelos.
“A VIRGEM SANTÍSSIMA DO QUARTO DE JOANA” E “O ERRO DE SÁ RITA” DE BERNARDO ÉLIS
Authors: Ramos Bruna Carla Martins , Araújo Márcia Maria de Melo
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir questões essenciais que envolvem a representação da figura feminina em contos de Bernardo Élis, por meio de uma análise tropológica em que se evidenciam estereótipos presentes no discurso especificamente do sertão de Goiás. O corpus da investigação se pauta nos contos “A Virgem Santíssima do Quarto de Joana” e “O Erro de Sá Rita”, ambos presentes na obra Ermos e gerais publicada em 1944, do citado escritor goiano. Entre os resultados esperados com a pesquisa está o conhecimento a respeito das figuras de linguagem que expressam relação opressora a que as classes marginalizadas estão submetidas, principalmente as mulheres. No caso dos contos investigados, espera-se também contribuir epistemologicamente com pesquisas que tenham como objetivo conhecer a obra bernardiana.

Palavras-Chaves. Bernardo Élis; Literatura Goiana; Tropos; Representação Feminina.
Primjena apsorbera vlage kod pakiranja mesa i ribe
Authors: Gabrić Domagoj , Galić Kata , Ščetar Mario , Kurek Mia
Published: December 2021

Svježe meso i riba prirodno sadrže veliku količinu vode koja se, zbog oksidacijskih procesa i oštećenja stanične membrane nakon rezanja, otpušta u obliku mesnog soka u upakirani proizvod. Prisutni mesni sok potrošač doživljava kao nepoželjnu karakteristiku, te stoga slijedi i njegovo odbijanje kupnje takvog proizvoda. Isto tako, višak vode potiče mikrobiološki rast, smanjujući stabilnost i trajnost upakiranog mesa. Kako bi se izbjegao taj problem, i postigao privlačan izgled proizvoda, kod pakiranja mesa i ribe koriste se podlošci za apsorpciju mesnog soka. Uporaba apsorbera vlage zajedno sa spojevima sa antimikrobnim djelovanjem rezultira mikrobiološki ispravnim proizvodom dobre kvalitete tijekom njegovog roka trajnosti
Effect of technology differences on chemical and sensory properties of Dalmatinska pecenica (PGI)
Authors: Krvavica Marina , Šarolić Mladenka , Drinovac Topalović Marijana , Kotlar Rea
Published: December 2021

In the registration process of the protected geographical indication (PGI) of Dalmatinska pečenica, a research was conducted to determine the impact of differences in technology on the final product's chemical composition and sensory properties. Therefore, in three facilities in three Dalmatian counties, 35 samples of Dalmatinska pečenica were produced and divided into 7 groups, which differed in the initial weight of raw materials, composition, and amount of salting/brining mixture and the length of individual technological phases. After the processing phase, the samples were taken from each group, and the proportion of fat, protein, ash, water and NaCl was determined. A professional panel of 11 members assessed the sensory profile of Dalmatinska pečenica by descriptive sensory analysis. Chemical analysis determined the following average basic chemical composition of Dalmatinska pečenica: 5.68 % fat, 41.60 % protein, 44.80 % water and 7.63 % ash, and an average of 6.17 % represented NaCl. Dalmatinska pečenica produced from heavier raw meat (initial weight ≥3.5 kg) contained more intramuscular fat and water (P <0.05) and less proteins (P <0.05). The lower the initial weight of the raw pečenica and the higher the salt/ brine consumption per kg of raw meat, the higher the NaCl content in the mature pečenica, with the length of the salting/brining phase not significantly increasing the NaCl content in the pečenica. The sensory analysis determined the sensory profile and typical sensory properties of Dalmatinska pečenica, including characteristic cylindrical shape and colour, firm and elastic consistency, compact structure, uniform red cross-section, slightly salty taste, softness and solubility when chewed as well as an aroma characteristic of dry-cured pork products with a slightly expressed smoke aroma. The pečenica produced from heavier raw materials (≥3.5 kg) using a mixture of sea and nitrite salt with spices and antioxidants, increased content of intramuscular fat and mild salinity, was rated with the highest average score (5.88 out of a possible 6), and all individual indicators of sensory properties were also rated with the highest score compared to other groups (P <0.05). The correlation coefficient (r) showed that the higher the content of intramuscular fat in the pečenica, the higher the evaluation of the cross-sectional appearance (r = 0.48), odour (r = 0.37), texture (r = 0.39), taste and aroma (r = 0.44), overall impression (r = 0.36) and mean score (r = 0.30). These data confirm the positive effect of intramuscular fat content (marbling) on the sensory properties of Dalmatinska pečenica. The examined differences in processing technology had a statistically significant effect on the parameters of chemical composition and sensory properties of Dalmatinska pečenica.
Effect of partial replacement of NaCl with KCl on physical and sensory traits of dry-cured loin
Authors: Kos Ivica , Bendelja Ljoljić Darija , Kiš Goran , Bedeković Dalibor , Janječić Zlatko , Vnučec Ivan , Škrlec Andrija
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of partial replacement of NaCl with KCl on the physical and sensory properties of dry-cured loin. The dry-cured loins were prepared after three treatments, where treatment C served as a control without NaCl replacement, while in treatments F1 and F2, 25 and 37.5 % NaCl was replaced by KCl, respectively. A significant difference (P<0.05) was found in the water activity of the dry-cured loins at all stages between treatments C and F2 and at most stages between treatments C and F1. The study revealed a significantly higher (P<0.05) pH after salting in treatment F2 (5.79) compared to control treatment C (5.58), but no significant differences were found between treatments during the rest of production until the end of storage in vacuum. It was found that there were no significant differences in color values between treatments at all stages of production and storage in vacuum. Among the 17 descriptive sensory traits, significant differences were found only for color uniformity, salty taste and aromatic plant aroma intensity. In contrast, likeability sensory traits like texture and taste likeability, maturity impression, aroma richness and overall likeability were significantly better rated in the control treatment. Considering the adverse effects on likeability sensory traits, replacing NaCl with KCl does not seem to be sufficiently justified. Therefore, further studies are needed as taste improvement could also be achieved by mixing substitutes with a more favourable effect on flavor and other technological indicators, still resulting in lower sodium content.
Опитувальник для визначення синдрому нічного переїдання (NEQ) – валідація та адаптація для української популяції
Authors: Laniush F.V. , Urbanovych A.M.
Published: December 2021

Синдром нічного переїдання (СНП, night-eating syndrome) належить до «Інших специфічних порушень харчової поведінки». СНП характеризується наявністю нічного вживання їжі, безсонням, ранковою анорексією та розладами настрою і сну. Цей вид порушення харчової поведінки (ПХП) притаманний пацієнтам з ожирінням або надлишковою масою тіла та цукровим діабетом 2-го типу (ЦД2). Наявність СНП погіршує метаболічний контроль ЦД2 та ускладнює лікування цього захворювання. Наразі існує лише один метод, який дозволяє діагностувати цей синдром — опитувальник для визначення СНП (Night Eating Questionnaire, NEQ). На жаль, він не адаптований для використання в україномовній популяції. Мета: адаптувати та оцінити валідність української версії NEQ для застосування серед пацієнтів із ЦД2 та ожирінням або надлишковою масою тіла. Матеріал і методи. 105 осіб (37 чоловіків та 68 жінок, вік — 60,3±7,2 року, індекс маси тіла (ІМТ) — 31,9±3,7 кг/м2) із встановленим діагнозом ЦД2 та ожирінням або надлишковою масою тіла заповнили перекладену версію NEQ. Внутрішню узгодженість опитувальника оцінювали за допомогою показника α-Кронбаха. Конвергентну валідність встановлювали за допомогою кореляції з «Опитувальником щодо розладів харчової поведінки» (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, EDE-Q). Через 3 тижні 34 учасники пройшли ретестування. Результати. У 17 учасників (16,2%) було встановлено діагноз СНП. Середній загальний бал опитувальника становив 17,3±5,1. Загальна надійність шкали (α-Кронбаха) для всього тесту становила 0,76, міжкласовакореляція — 0,81. Була встановлена 4-факторна структура опитувальника, яка відповідала оригінальній версії. Загальний бал NEQ корелював із результатом EDE-Q (r=0,56). Надійність ретесту була висока (0,71). Показник ІМТ та HbA1c cтатистично не відрізнявся в пацієнтів із та без СНП. Середній загальний бал опитувальника не корелював з ІМТ (p>0,05). Висновки. Поширеність СНП серед пацієнтів із ЦД2 становить 16,2%. Україномовна версія опитувальника є надійною та валідною для оцінки наявності СНП. Опитувальник може використовуватися в цієї категорії пацієнтів для встановлення діагнозу та вибору відповідного лікування. Необхідні подальші дослідження ефективності NEQ серед пацієнтів із ЦД2 та нормальною масою тіла, а також в осіб з ожирінням або надлишковою масою тіла, але без цукрового діабету.
Trade, investment and finance – the ties between China and Latin America
Authors: Wanting Zhang
Published: December 2021

The growing importance of China in Latin America predetermines the need to study the directions of China's economic interests in the region. The article is devoted to the trade, investment and financial relations of China with the countries of Latin America. The trends of the development of mutual trade are studied, the geographical structure of trade is analyzed, and special attention is paid to the potential of trade cooperation. Within the framework of investment relations, the role of China as an investment donor country is emphasized, and its place among other investors in the Latin American region is determined. Noting the inadequacy of their own financial resources of Latin American countries for the implementation of investment projects, the mutually beneficial investment cooperation is highlighted. The materials presented and analyzed in the article indicate that the implementation of joint financial projects has a positive effect on ensuring the sustainability of the economies of Latin America and China. The obtained results of the study indicate the presence of potential for further cooperation.
Spanish cinema on the Civil War: the aspect of national reconciliation
Authors: Rostotskaya Lidia
Published: December 2021

The article deals with one of the aspects of the cinematic interpretation of the theme of Spanish Civil War. Among the various models of its implementation in the cinema, the most justified and promising options are those aimed at achieving national understanding and harmony. The validity of the existence of such a trend in Spanish cinema is illustrated by the analysis of several films focused on this task.
From Small Wars to Guerrilla Warfare: Imperial School of British Military Thought During the Interbellum
Authors: Malkin Stanislav
Published: December 2021

The Interbellum era was marked by the competition of various interpretations of guerrilla warfare and small wars, which were a practical expression of rebel activity in the colonies and on the outskirts of the British Empire. Discussions in that regard reflected both theoretical and doctrinal contradictions and the bureaucratic rivalry between the departments responsible for its internal security and the confrontation between the military and civilian authorities over the boundaries of their responsibility to preserve colonial order. The evolution of the meaning of the concept of “guerilla warfare” within the British military thought in the first half of the 20th century is demonstrated by highlighting the stages of the process, historical reconstruction of the levels of discussion of this topic in a professional environment, and identifying the degree of mutual influence of its basic provisions in the face of budgetary constraints and new challenges to colonial rule after the First World War. This approach allowed to specify ideas about the place and role of the army in the functioning of the internal security system of the British Empire at the final stage of its existence. The analysis of the semantics and content of the “guerilla warfare” concept between two world wars makes it possible to apply a new approach to the issue of disagreements between the military and civilian authorities over the choice of the military and political course in the conflicts of this kind. Thus, the identified differences may be viewed as a result not of the bureaucratic differences only, but as the absence of the unified understanding of the “modern rebellion” problem among the military as itself.
“Pavel Pavlovich” and Nikita Sergeevich: Soviet-Belgian Summits and the Informal Aspect of High Politics During the Cold War
Authors: Lipkin Mikhail
Published: December 2021

Based on a comparative analysis of new evidence from the Russian and EU archives, the article shows the significance of the three meetings between Nikita Khrushchev and Paul-Henri Spaak in 1956, 1961, and 1963. The text highlights both new facts about Soviet-Belgium relations (and even wider, all-European discussions and initiatives) and personal aspects of conversations between the key political figures from different worlds, that is capitalism and communism. It shows that despite these differences Spaak and Krushchev shared a common language and common concerns of a necessity of peaceful coexistence, pragmatism in search for solutions on the issues of development in the East and West. For the first time, one can find a detailed analysis of the Belgian official delegation’s visit to the USSR in 1956. The article is the first to publish data from both sides concerning the talks between Paul Spaak and Andrei Vychinski on the “friendship pact” proposal between Belgium and the USSR in 1946. For the first time, the role of Spaak in attempts to resolve the Berlin crisis of 1961 is analyzed in detail. For the first time, the new data is published on informal interaction between the two politicians at the Konche Zaspa dacha near Kyiv in July 1963. For the first time, the author analyzes the story of appearance and use of the “Pavel Pavlovich” nickname given by Khrushchev to Spaak and a hypothesis on its connection with the figure of famous Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekov is put forward.
The author comes to the conclusion about the importance of "intellectual ping-pong" for the success of personal diplomacy during the Cold War. The human dimension of high politics analyzed in the article demonstrates the importance of general knowledge in the field of humanities for establishing a respectful dialogue, which was the key to reducing the risk of rash actions on the part of both the USSR and the countries of the West. The cases of Spaak’s mediation between superpowers analyzed in the text allow one to talk about the potential for and interest in reducing the risks of confrontation between major powers on the part of small countries, such as Belgium.
Dynamic model of the software development market based on the assignment problem on pain points
Authors: Lesik Ilya
Published: December 2021

The authors propose the formulation of a discrete dynamic model of the software developmentmarket (SM) based on the assignment problem (AP) on pain points (PP), which can also be obtained according to the scheme used in (Vasin, Grigorieva, Lesik, 2018), if we abandon the integer number of elements of the assignment matrix. However, there are also features: equilibrium prices can be calculated directly, and therefore a variational formulation of the internal problem of determining equilibrium prices based on Debreu's theorem (Debreu, 1954) is not required. The functions of changing the phase coordinates can be taken convex, for example, the norm of the difference in the square, and do not take into account the constant costs for each control switching. Such a statement is also given in this paper. If we have a dynamic expansion of the AP on PP, it is possible to determine the additional profit of the transport system through the use of futures. Formulas for the components of the gradient of the indicator are obtained. This allows us to organize a gradient method for solving a dynamic AP on PP. The authors also demonstrate an approximate algorithm and a model example of its use for solving the dynamic expansion of the AP on PP, based on solving the current static problem with an increment of those elements of the efficiency matrix that coincide with the corresponding elements of the optimal assignment matrix, if we abandon the integer nature of the assignment matrix. This is equivalent to randomization of the assignment problem, when the corresponding assignments are implemented with certain probabilities, which are used to determine the error of the approximate algorithm by comparing it with the exact solution obtained with the gradient method for sufficiently large values of penalty constants.
Associated petroleum gas market: Pricing mechanisms
Authors: Chernavskii Sergei
Published: December 2021

In Western Siberia, the main oil-producing region of Russia, all functioning regulated marketsof associated petroleum gas (APG) have been liberalized. Because of the monopoly-monopsony structure there is a threat of market prices deviation from socially optimal levels, corresponding to the maximum of public good. The analysis of this threat and assessment of the factors that support it is an urgent problem, which has not yet been covered in the scientific literature. The purpose of the study is to assess the consequences of the liberalization of APG markets. The tool for solving the problems of the study is the economic theory of formation of market equilibrium prices in the joint production of APG and oil. On a liberalized APG market, the maximum public welfare corresponds to a set of market prices, which are determined when considering a virtual competitive market. The actual price is formed under the influence of non-market factors. The liberalized market has no mechanism for forming a socially optimalcomposition of non-market factors, and the parties have no information allowing them to determine the corresponding socially optimal APG price. Therefore, it must be set by the regulator. The algorithms for calculation of marginal costs of joint production of oil and APG and socially optimal price of APG are constructed.
Ukrainian magical folklore in the archive collections of the RGO and OLEAE
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies Russian Academy of Sciences, Agapkina Tatyana
Published: December 2021

The article describes the found out archival collections of Ukrainian magical folklore from the funds of the Russian Geographical Society (RGO) and the Society of Amateurs of Natural Science, Anthropology, and Ethnography (OLEAE). The author determines the history of the manuscripts and expresses ideas about their authorship, the available editions of these materials, the functional composition, the features of the content and poetic language of the charms included in the collections under consideration. Special attention is paid to the fact that in some of these collections, charms are juxtaposed with «small» forms of verbal magic, creating a complete picture of this fragment of folklore tradition. The expediency of publishing some of these manuscripts (the most complete and little-known) is due to their exclusivity, as well as to the fact that Ukrainian verbal magic is still the least known among the three Eastern Slavic traditions.
The origins of postmodernism about the true meaning and purpose of post-law
Authors: Bochkarev Sergey A.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the cultural origins of postmodernism in order to establish the true meaning and purpose of the post-law developed on its basis. According to the results of the study, there is no evidence that postmodernism belongs to the general cultural phenomena of modernity, the argument about which is often used as a strong argument for the development of post-law and its introduction into scientific and practical circulation. The attitude of postmodernism to the subculture of protest is revealed. The analysis of the prerequisites that form postmodernism convinced him that he does not have a positive agenda for society, and the post-right has something new and anti-crisis.
Postmodernity and the post-law derived from it are forms of nihilism and can only be used terminologically to emphasize the nature of the gap between certain groups of society and the meanings and traditions operating in it. The study of the consequences of the adaptation of postclassical ideas in jurisprudence has revealed that they affirm in the legal consciousness the ideas of the classical antipodes of law as its newest values, and law enforcement returns to the times when objective imputation prevailed in justice.
Hemoglobin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Khoirin Wahyu Anita , Hartono Rodhi
Published: December 2021

Type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic hyperglycemia can cause a hypoxic environment in the renal interstitium and can cause kidney disorders (diabetic nephropathy), this can lead to decreased kidney function and the production of erythropoietin produced by peritubular fibroblasts is disrupted, and hemoglobin is not formed optimally and occurs anemia. Thei purposei ofi thisi studyi wasi toi determinei hemoglobini levelsi in patients withi typei 2i diabetesi mellitusi in RSUD. K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Semarang. This is a descriptive quantitative study, the data comes from the medical records of patients with typei 2i diabetesi mellitusi withi complicationsi ofi diabetici nephropathyi at RSUD K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Semarang as many as 40 samples with non-probability samplingi itechnique. The results showed that there were 20 men who had decreased hemoglobin levels and 1 person who had normal hemoglobin levels. Meanwhile, in women, 17 people had decreased hemoglobin levels and 2 people had normal hemoglobin levels. Based on the age category, the most were the early elderly as many as 15 people and the least in the late teens and early adults each as many as 2 people. Meanwhile, based on the average level of anemia, more experienced moderate levels of anemia. Hemoglobin levels in patients with type. 2i. diabetesi. mellitusi. withi. complicationsi. ofi. diabetici. nephropathyi. at RSUD K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Semarang were 40 samples, on average they had low hemoglobin levels.
Histology of Mice (Mus Musculus) Liver Tissue Fixed with Carnoy's Solution With Variation of 4 Hours, 8 Hours and 12 Hours
Authors: Afrida Arin Dwi , Priyatno Djoko
Published: December 2021

Histopathological examination is a routine examination process for each tissue in the anatomic pathology laboratory. The stages in making histology preparations are fixation stages. The type of solution that can be used as a fixative solution other than 10% NBF is Carnoy's solution. Carnoy's solution is a fixative solution with a relatively fast fixation process of about 1-4 hours. The advantages of Carnoy's solution can lyse erythrocytes and dissolve lipids, have the ability to maintain cell nuclei, and retain glycogen. The purpose of this study was to determine the histology of the liver tissue preparations of mice (Mus Musculus) which were fixed using Carnoy's solution with time variations of 4 hours, 8 hours, and 12 hours. This is an observational research with descriptive research design criteria. The results of the histology of the liver tissue preparations of mice (Mus Musculus) which were fixed using the 10% NBF solution group obtained 100% good preparations. In the Carnoy solution group with a time of 4 hours, it gave 2.2% results of poor preparations and 97.78% of good preparations. While the treatment group with Carnoy's solution with a time of 8 hours obtained as many as 11.11% of preparations that were not good and 88.89% of good preparations. and in the Carnoy solution group with a time of 12 hours, there were 44.44% of the poor preparations and 55.56% of the good preparations.
Inhibitory Test of Jamblang Leaf Extract (Syzygium Cumini (L.) Skeels) Against the Growth of Streptococcus Pyogenes and Proteus Mirabilis Bacteria
Authors: Patricia Venny , Zaini Wawan Sofwan , Yani Ahmad , Atikah Siti
Published: December 2021

Infectious diseases are a problem for public health and can increase patient morbidity and mortality. Bacteria that cause infectious diseases include Streptococcus pyogenes and Proteus mirabilis. Inappropriate use of antibiotics can cause resistance problems and the effects of undesirable drugs. Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) leaf extract can be used as a natural antibacterial drug. There is a study showing the content of active compounds in the leaves of Jamblang are Flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins are components of chemical compounds that are suspected as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Jamblang leaf extract against Streptococcus pyogenes and Proteus mirabilis bacteria. The method used is the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration method using well diffusion. The study used Jamblang leaf extract with various concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, the test bacteria used were Streptococcus pyogenes and Proteus mirabilis, using positive control of chloramphenicol, and negative control of 10% DMSO. The results showed that Jamblang leaf extract can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Proteus mirabilis bacteria in all concentrations. In the Kruskall Wallis Non-Parametric statistical test the two bacteria obtained P 0.05.In Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria the value of P = 0.031, and Proteus mirabilis bacteria the value of P = 0.015. These results indicate a real difference in this study.
Können Frauen nur von Frauen repräsentiert werden? Über den Forschungsstand zur deskriptiven und substantiellen Repräsentation von Frauen in Parlamenten anlässlich der Parité-Urteile in Brandenburg und Thüringen
Authors: Brodocz André , Kautz Manuel
Published: December 2021

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Forschung zur deskriptiven und substantiellen Repräsentation von Frauen. Die deskriptive Repräsentation von Frauen in Parlamenten steigt weltweit. In institutioneller Hinsicht ist dieser Anstieg insbesondere auf Quoten zurückzuführen. Der Einsatz von Quoten ist sowohl in der deutschen verfassungsrechtlichen wie in der internationalen politiktheoretischen Debatte umstritten und wird mit Chancen und Risiken verbunden. Eine Chance für erhöhte deskriptive Repräsentation wird in der verbesserten substantiellen Repräsentation von Frauen gesehen. Empirische Studien weisen unter Einbezug einer Reihe von Kontextfaktoren tendenziell auf einen positiven Zusammenhang hin. Doch der Fokus auf den Zusammenhang deskriptiver und substantieller Repräsentation wird inzwischen auch aus empirischer Perspektive problematisiert. Rekonzeptualisierungen, die hier anknüpfen, provozieren wiederum Nachfragen normativer Art.