bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plausible Reasoning and Spatial‐Statistical Theory: A Critique of Recent Writings on “Spatial Confounding”
Authors: Donegan Connor
Published: June 2024

Statistical research on correlation with spatial data dates at least to Student's (W. S. Gosset's) 1914 paper on “the elimination of spurious correlation due to position in time and space.” Since 1968, much of this work has been organized around the concept of spatial autocorrelation (SA). A growing statistical literature is now organized around the concept of “spatial confounding” (SC) but is estranged from, and often at odds with, the SA literature and its history. The SC literature is producing new, sometimes flawed, statistical techniques such as Restricted Spatial Regression (RSR). This article brings the SC literature into conversation with the SA literature and provides a theoretically grounded review of the history of research on correlation with spatial data, explaining some of its implications for the the SC literature. The article builds upon principles of plausible inference to synthesize a guiding theoretical thread that runs throughout the SA literature. This leads to a concise theoretical critique of RSR and a clarification of the logic behind standard spatial‐statistical models.
Realization of high transparent mobility zinc‐doped indium oxide (IZO) thin films by RF‐magnetron sputtering
Authors: Han Bingxue , Wang Zhijun , Chen Lijia , Wu Bin , Chen Chongyang , Sun Benshuang
Published: June 2024

Zinc‐doped indium oxide (IZO) thin films were deposited on silicon dioxide substrates by radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering using an IZO ceramic target with In2O3/ZnO weight ratio of 9:1. The effects of power, pressure, and distance between target and substrate on microstructure and photoelectric properties of IZO films were investigated. The results show the performance of IZO films prepared under the conditions of power 80 W, air pressure .5 Pa, and target base distance 80 mm are the best, and the IZO films are amorphous with high transmittance (>86.0%), high mobility (>45.0 cm2/V s), and low resistivity (less than 2.0 × 10−4 Ω cm), which are the best photoelectric performance reported at present. This work provides a feasible research approach for preparing high‐performance IZO thin films.
Facile construction of porous epoxy resin/geopolymer composites using red mud and slag by well‐distributed dual‐blending
Authors: Bai Chengying , Zheng Kankan , Wang Bin , Li Bozhi , Sun Gaohui , Li Xinyu , Wang Xiaodong , Qiao Yingjie , Colombo Paolo
Published: June 2024

Porous geopolymer composite (E51) reinforced by E51 epoxy resin was prepared by well‐distributed dual‐blending using red mud, metakaolin, and slag as raw materials. The effects of E51 content on microstructure, porosity, mechanical properties, and thermal insulation properties of the porous composites were investigated. The addition of E51 changed the setting time and viscosity of the slurry with high content of solid wastes (80%), which play an important role in the formation of pores during the direct foaming process. The addition of E51 had great influence on the porous properties of geopolymer composites, which in turn affected their compressive strength (0.19–1.44 MPa) and thermal conductivity (0.09–0.12 W/mK). The addition of E51 enabled the production of geopolymer composites in a rather large range of total porosity (67.3–81.1 vol%), with an optimal sample possessing a total porosity of up to 78.7 vol%, a thermal conductivity of 0.086 W/mK, and a compression strength of 0.47 MPa.
Hematological cytomorphology: Where we are
Authors: Zini G.
Published: June 2024

The manuscript discusses the historical evolution of observing blood cell morphology under an optical microscope, from the earliest microscopes in the 17th century to the modern digital era, highlighting key advancements and contributions in the field. Blood has historically held symbolic importance in various cultures, with early medical observations dating back to Hippocrates and Galeno. The discovery of cells and subsequent advancements in microscopy by scientists like Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek paved the way for understanding blood cell morphology. Influential figures such as Hewson, Donné, and Ehrlich followed. Diagnostic cytology evolved from manual cell counting to the development of automated hematological systems. Automated complete blood counting came to support microscopic examination in diagnosing hematological disorders. Morphology is crucial in predicting disease outcomes and guiding treatment decisions, particularly hematological neoplasms. The introduction of flow cytometry and its integration with traditional morphological analysis and the new cytogenetic and molecular techniques revolutionized the classification and prognostication of hematologic disorders. Digital microscopy has emerged as a powerful tool in recent years, offering rapid acquisition and sharing of blood cell images. Integrating Artificial Intelligence with digital microscopy has further enhanced morphological analysis, improving diagnostic efficiency. We also discuss the prospects of AI in pre‐classifying blood cells in bone marrow aspirate samples, potentially revolutionizing diagnostic pathways for hematologic diseases. Overall, the manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development, clinical significance and technological advancements in observing blood cell morphology, underscoring its continued relevance in modern hematology practice.
Ugandan women and sex trafficking in Istanbul
Authors: Coşkun Emel , Williams Lucy
Published: June 2024

This paper demonstrates how the social construction of gender shapes women's migration choices and post‐migration experience using the example of Ugandan women migrants in Istanbul, Türkiye. Building on an ethnographic case study, we reveal how Ugandan women negotiate and find agency within oppressive structures that force them into debt, into “illegality”, and limit their opportunities for safe and dignified work. Our discussion critiques international regulations – the Palermo Protocol – and local structures including the Istanbul Police and Turkish policy on migration and prostitution. We show the complexity of relationships that impact women's lives and show how institutions fail to protect women leaving them vulnerable to harassment and sexual violence. We reflect on the experience of women of colour in Istanbul, simultaneously visible on the street yet invisible in voice and agency. Our work highlights the importance of an intersectional lens in the study of migration, il/legality, workplace abuse and trafficking into prostitution. It has broad implications for understanding how gender, class and racialization define migrants' options for mobility and self‐determination.
Environmental protection tax and trade credit: Evidence from China
Authors: Lu Xueyao , Cheng Lin , Niu Yuhao
Published: June 2024

This study investigates how the introduction of China's Environmental Protection Tax Law impacts firms' trade credit taking Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2013 to 2020 as the research sample. Since introducing the Environmental Protection Tax Law, the trade credit of pollution‐intensive firms has increased significantly. Following the mechanism test, the environmental fee‐to‐tax reform forces firms to improve their green innovation level and reduce their risk of environmental violations, which protects the suppliers' interests and increases the willingness of suppliers to provide trade credit for these firms. Further analysis shows that when the firm's market power is relatively higher, the regional judicial environment is better, the regional intensity of tax collection is higher and the effect of environmental fee‐to‐tax reform on the firm's trade credit is strong. Our results contribute to the literature regarding the impact of environmental regulations on firms from the perspective of trade credit, and we provide a new perspective and empirical evidence to support Porter's win‐win hypothesis further.
The potential role of brain renin‐angiotensin system in the neuropathology of Parkinson disease: Friend, foe or turncoat?
Authors: Al‐Qahtani Zainah , Al‐kuraishy Hayder M. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Albuhadily Ali K. , Ali Naif H. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Saad Hebatallah M. , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber
Published: June 2024

Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases of the brain. Of note, brain renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) is intricate in the PD neuropathology through modulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Therefore, modulation of brain RAS by angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) may be effective in reducing the risk and PD neuropathology. It has been shown that all components including the peptides and enzymes of the RAS are present in the different brain areas. Brain RAS plays a critical role in the regulation of memory and cognitive function, and in the controlling of central blood pressure. However, exaggerated brain RAS is implicated in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases including PD. Two well‐known pathways of brain RAS are recognized including; the classical pathway which is mainly mediated by AngII/AT1R has detrimental effects. Conversely, the non‐classical pathway which is mostly mediated by ACE2/Ang1‐7/MASR and AngII/AT2R has beneficial effects against PD neuropathology. Exaggerated brain RAS affects the viability of dopaminergic neurons. However, the fundamental mechanism of brain RAS in PD neuropathology was not fully elucidated. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to disclose the mechanistic role of RAS in in the pathogenesis of PD. In addition, we try to revise how the ACEIs and ARBs can be developed for therapeutics in PD.
Comparative pathogenicity and histopathological analysis of Edwardsiella anguillarum intraperitoneal infection in milkfish (Chanos chanos), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: Rahmawaty Atiek , Cheng Li‐Wu , Wang Pei‐Chi , Chen Shih‐Chu
Published: June 2024

Edwardsiella anguillarum, a highly virulent species within the Edwardsiella genus, causes significant mortality in milkfish farms in Taiwan. This study aimed to investigate the comparison of milkfish susceptibility, a newly identified host species in Taiwanese aquaculture, with other species Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer), to E. anguillarum, elucidating its pathogenicity across both seawater and freshwater aquaculture environments. The results showed milkfish exhibited the highest mortality rate of 85% within 48 h of infection, whereas Nile tilapia exhibited a mortality rate of 70% between the second‐ and tenth‐day post challenge, and seabass exhibited a mortality rate of 25% between the second‐ and sixth‐day post challenge. Gross lesions observed in milkfish included splenomegaly and haemorrhage, whereas Nile tilapia exhibited signs of ascites, exophthalmia and brain haemorrhage. Seabass displayed spleen granulomas and haemorrhage at the injection site. Histopathological analysis revealed common features across all three species, including multifocal necrosis, bacterial presence in the necrotic areas, serositis and oedema. Asian seabass also exhibited chronic lesions in the form of splenic granulomas. This study highlights the high susceptibility of milkfish and Nile tilapia to E. anguillarum, emphasizing the urgent need for further investigation into targeted vaccine development for these fish species. These results not only deepen our understanding of the differing levels of pathogenicity among the three species but also offer valuable insights for improving disease prevention and management strategies in aquaculture, including those applied within polyculture systems and for the maintenance of aquaculture water environments.
MRI for hepatocellular carcinoma and the role of abbreviated MRI for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Maung Soe Thiha , Tanpowpong Natthaporn , Satja Minchanat , Treeprasertsuk Sombat , Chaiteerakij Roongruedee
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes the majority of liver cancers and significantly impacts global cancer mortality. While ultrasound (US) with or without alpha‐fetoprotein is the mainstay for HCC surveillance, its limitations highlight the necessity for more effective surveillance tools. Therefore, this review explores evolving imaging modalities and abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (AMRI) protocols as promising alternatives, addressing challenges in HCC surveillance.

Areas Covered

This comprehensive review delves into the evaluation and challenges of HCC surveillance tools, focusing on non‐contrast abbreviated MRI (NC‐AMRI) and contrast‐enhanced abbreviated MRI protocols. It covers the implementation of AMRI for HCC surveillance, patient preferences, adherence, and strategies for optimizing cost‐effectiveness. Additionally, the article provides insights into prospects for HCC surveillance by summarizing meta‐analyses, prospective studies, and ongoing clinical trials evaluating AMRI protocols.

Expert Opinion

The opinions underscore the transformative impact of AMRI on HCC surveillance, especially in overcoming US limitations. Promising results from NC‐AMRI protocols indicate its potential for high‐risk patient surveillance, though prospective studies in true surveillance settings are essential for validation. Future research should prioritize risk‐stratified AMRI protocols and address cost‐effectiveness for broader clinical implementation, alongside comparative analyses with US for optimal surveillance strategies.
Oligodendroglia and myelin pathology in fragile X syndrome
Authors: Hourani Shaima , Pouladi Mahmoud A.
Published: June 2024

Studies of the pathophysiology of fragile X syndrome (FXS) have predominantly focused on synaptic and neuronal disruptions in the disease. However, emerging studies highlight the consistency of white matter abnormalities in the disorder. Recent investigations using animal models of FXS have suggested a role for the fragile X translational regulator 1 protein (FMRP) in the development and function of oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. These studies are starting to uncover FMRP's involvement in the regulation of myelin‐related genes, such as myelin basic protein, and its influence on the maturation and functionality of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and oligodendrocytes. Here, we consider evidence of white matter abnormalities in FXS, review our current understanding of FMRP's role in oligodendrocyte development and function, and highlight gaps in our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms that may contribute to white matter abnormalities in FXS. Addressing these gaps may help identify new therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing outcomes for individuals affected by FXS.

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The Influence of Emotional Facial Expression Intensity on Decoding Accuracy: High Intensity Does Not Yield High Accuracy
Authors: Shimizu Yunoshin , Ogawa Kazumi , Kimura Masanori , Fujiwara Ken , Watanabe Nobuyuki
Published: June 2024

This study examined the relationship between the intensity of emotional expressions in facial stimuli and receivers' decoding accuracy for six basic emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. A laboratory experiment was conducted using the forced‐choice method, in which the intensity of each stimulus was manipulated at every 10% interval using the morphing technique. To explore whether a linear relationship would be observed when the intensity was finely manipulated at 10% intervals, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed. The mean percentage of correct responses for each stimulus was the dependent variable, and the linear, quadratic, and cubic terms of the stimulus intensity were the independent variables. The results showed that the linear model was not adopted as the final model for all facial expressions; that is, the effect of the squared term of intensity was significant for anger, disgust, fear, and sadness, while the effect of the cubic term of intensity was significant for happiness and surprise. Our findings indicate that a higher intensity of emotional expression does not yield higher decoding accuracy.
Comparison of an injectable toltrazuril–gleptoferron and an oral toltrazuril + injectable gleptoferron in piglets: Hematinic activities and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Karembe Hamadi , Geneteau Anne , Lacoste Sandrine , Varinot Nathalie , Magnier Reynald , Coussanes Evelyne , Lopez Santiago , Sperling Daniel , Peyrou Mathieu
Published: June 2024

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and cystoisosporosis are the most common clinical conditions of fast‐growing piglets. Until now, IDA and cystoisosporosis have been managed by intramuscular injection of iron complexes (such as dextran or gleptoferron) and oral administration of toltrazuril. Recently, a new combination product containing toltrazuril and gleptoferron for intramuscular application (Forceris®) has been registered. The objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of toltrazuril and its main metabolite, toltrazuril sulfone, following a single oral (Baycox®) or intramuscular (Forceris®, a toltrazuril‐iron combination product) administration at 20 mg/kg to young suckling piglets. The orally treated piglets were also supplemented with iron (Gleptosil®), and the hematinic activities were compared. Piglets in both groups received comparable doses. The peak concentration (Cmax) of toltrazuril after intramuscular administration was 11% lower than that after oral administration (p = .376). However, the exposure to toltrazuril (AUC) was significantly increased (40% higher) when toltrazuril was administered intramuscularly (p = .036). The Cmax and AUC values of the active metabolite, toltrazuril sulfone were 39% and 34% higher, respectively, after intramuscular administration (p = .007 and 0.008, respectively). Piglets in both groups were properly protected against IDA. In conclusion, a higher relative bioavailability of toltrazuril is observed when toltrazuril is administered intramuscularly.
Frailty in liver transplantation: Exploring prescribing exercise as medicine to improve patient outcomes
Authors: Harris Sara J. , Stine Jonathan G.
Published: June 2024

Liver transplantation (LT) represents a curative avenue for individuals with advanced chronic liver disease. Given the inherent illness severity of LT candidates, identifying patients at greater risk for adverse outcomes before and after transplantation is paramount. Approximately 50% of cirrhotic patients are frail and have considerable functional impairment. Various measures have been used to assess frailty, including performance‐based tests and functional status evaluations. Frailty carries significant prognostic implications and predicts both mortality and pre‐ and post‐LT complications. Contributing factors to frailty in this population include sarcopenia, malnutrition, inflammation, and psychosocial factors. Recognizing the prevalence of frailty among LT candidates, exercise interventions have been developed to improve physical frailty and offer potential to improve patient outcomes. While many interventions have demonstrated efficacy without notable adverse events, the absence of a universally accepted standard for exercise prescription underscores the variability in intervention elements and patient adherence. Given the safety profile of exercise interventions, there remains a critical need for standardized protocols and guidelines to optimize exercise regimens for LT candidates. This review delves into the landscape of frailty among LT candidates, elucidating its etiological underpinnings, impact on outcomes, utilization of exercise interventions, and the efficacy of exercise programs in reducing the burden frailty in those awaiting LT.
Not in the file: How competency committees work with undocumented contributions
Authors: van Enk Anneke , MacDonald Graham , Hatala Rose , Gingerich Andrea , Tam Jennifer
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Competence committees (CCs) centre their work around documentation of trainees' performance; undocumented contributions (i.e. informal, unrecorded material like personal judgements, experiential anecdotes and contextual information) evoke suspicion even though they may play a role in decision making. This qualitative multiple case study incorporates insights from a social practice perspective on writing to examine the use of undocumented contributions by the CCs of two large post‐graduate training programmes, one in a more procedural (MP) speciality and the other in a less procedural (LP) one.

Methods

Data were collected via observations of meetings and semi‐structured interviews with CC members. In the analysis, conversations were organised into triptychs of lead‐up, undocumented contribution(s), and follow‐up. We then created thick descriptions around the undocumented contributions, drawing on conversational context and interview data to assign possible motivations and significance.

Results

We found no instances in which undocumented contributions superseded the contents of a trainee's file or stood in for missing documentation. The number of undocumented contributions varied between the MP CC (six instances over two meetings) and the LP CC (22 instances over three meetings). MP CC discussions emphasised Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) observations, whereas LP CC members paid more attention to narrative data. The divergent orientations of the CCs—adding an ‘advis[ing]/guid[ing]’ role versus focusing simply on evaluation—offers the most compelling explanation. In lead‐ups, undocumented contributions were prompted by missing and flawed documentation, conflicting evidence and documentation at odds with members' perceptions. Recognising other ‘red flags’ in documentation often required professional experience. In follow‐ups, purposes served by undocumented contributions varied with context and were difficult to generalise; we, therefore, provide deeper analysis of two vignettes to illustrate.

Conclusions

Our data suggest undocumented contributions often serve best efforts to ground decisions in documentation. We would encourage CC practices and policies be rooted in more nuanced approaches to documentation.
Rapid measurement method for cable tension of cable‐stayed bridges using terrestrial laser scanning
Authors: Zhou Yin , Zhang Hong , Hu Xingyi , Zhou Jianting , Zhu Jinyu , Xin Jingzhou , Yang Jun
Published: June 2024

This study proposes a new method for the rapid and non‐contact measurement of cable forces in cable‐stayed bridges, including a cable force calculation method based on measured cable shapes and a batch acquisition method for the true shape of cables. First, a nonlinear regression model for estimating cable forces based on measured cable shapes is established, and a Gauss–Newton‐based cable force solving method is proposed. Furthermore, terrestrial laser scanning technology is used to collect geometric data of the cables. Meanwhile, automatic segmentation, noise reduction, and centerline extraction algorithms for the cable point cloud are proposed to accurately and efficiently obtain the cable shape. The correctness of the proposed cable force calculation method is verified in a well‐designed experiment, with the measurement error of cable forces for 15 test samples being less than 1%. Finally, the proposed point cloud automation processing algorithm and cable force measurement method are fully tested on a cable‐stayed bridge with a span of 460 m. The measurement accuracy of the proposed method for actual bridge cable tension is comparable to that of the frequency method, but the detection efficiency on site is nine times higher than that of the traditional frequency method. Overall, this study provides a new measurement method for construction control, health monitoring, intelligent detection, and other fields of cable‐stayed bridges.
A new species of Baorangia (Boletaceae, Boletales) from a sacred grove in India
Authors: Nanu Salna , Kumar T. K. Arun
Published: June 2024

Baorangia albostipitata sp. nov. from India is proposed based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic data. The species is characterized by a pinkish pileus with yellowish pileal margin, whitish pileal context that changes to pale blue very slowly on bruising or cut, yellowish hymenophore without any color change on bruising or cut, whitish stipe that changes to bright orange when bruised, and subglobose to ellipsoid basidiospores. Detailed descriptions, macrophotographs, illustrations and comparisons with similar species are presented.
The Māori economy and the Big Four
Authors: Scobie Matthew , Reid John
Published: June 2024

In this commentary, we argue that the Big Four professional service firms (Deloitte, EY, KPMG and PwC) are positioning themselves as a bridge between Māori and the Crown in Aotearoa New Zealand. In a political economy that is evolving in line with te Tiriti/the Treaty of Waitangi, this bridge presents a profitable opportunity. We engage with theories of imperialism, the business case for diversity and revolving doors to advance our argument. We conclude with opportunities for future research that take the role of the Big Four in the Māori economy seriously.
Posterior Wall Fragments in Acetabular Both‐Column Fractures: Morphology, Type, and the Significance of its Projection
Authors: Zhong Ziyi , Feng Zihang , Tong Kai , Lin Shiyuan , Yang Yunping , Wang Gang
Published: June 2024

Objective

Most both‐column acetabular fractures are combined with posterior wall fragments. However, the morphology of this posterior wall is varied, and how to fix this posterior wall remains a controversial topic. To investigate the morphological characteristics of posterior wall fragments of both‐column acetabular fractures and select corresponding fixation methods.

Methods

Data from 352 patients with acetabular fractures admitted to the level one trauma centre in our hospital between January 2006 and December 2022 were collected. The morphology of posterior wall fragments was observed and analyzed in 83 cases of both‐column acetabular fractures and classified according to the consistency of posterior wall morphology. A fracture map of the posterior wall was created on a normal template according to the three morphological types of posterior wall fragments. Finally, the high‐incidence area of the posterior wall fracture was projected onto the iliac fossa and the medial side of the posterior column to guide the fixation of the posterior wall fragment using the anterior intrapelvic approach.

Results

Fractures were divided into four types: I, large posterior wall fragment which was high in the ilium bone (34 cases, 41.0%); II, posterior wall fragment in the acetabular parietal region (18 cases, 21.7%); III, posterior wall marginal fracture (10 cases, 12.0%); and IV, non‐combined posterior wall fracture (21 cases, 25.3%). The most common morphologies of the posterior wall fragments of the first two types were mapped and projected onto the anterior iliac inner plate and medial side of the posterior column, where the corresponding area could be used to guide the insertion of the internal fixation.

Conclusion

Both‐column acetabular fractures combined with posterior wall fractures can be divided into four types according to the morphology of the posterior wall fragment. Understanding the corresponding three‐dimensional morphology and projection position of different types of these fragments can help surgeons determine the position and orientation of internal fixation of posterior wall fractures.
Development of a low allergenic product for patients with milk allergy and assessment of its specific IgE reactivity
Authors: Yazici Duygu , Suer Hande , Bulbuloglu Cemre Naz , Guzar Elif , Koçak Engin , Nemutlu Emirhan , Buyuktiryaki Betul , Sackesen Cansin
Published: June 2024

Background

Milk oral immunotherapy is the riskiest and most unpredictable form of oral immunotherapy. We aimed to produce a low allergenic product than conventional once baked‐cake/muffin, to develop indirect in‐house ELISA to check the tolerance status with milk products and evaluate IgE reactivity of patients' sera via western blotting (WB) and indirect in‐house ELISA.

Method

A low allergenic product named biscotti‐twice baked‐cake was developed, and the total protein concentration was determined. The protein content was studied by SDS‐PAGE and proteomics. Milk‐specific IgE (sIgE) binding assays were performed by WB and indirect in‐house ELISA by using patients' sera.

Results

Casein band intensity was observed to be lower in the biscotti‐twice baked‐cake than in the once baked‐cake (p = .014). Proteomics analysis and αS1‐casein measurement showed that the lowest intensity of casein was found in biscotti. The low binding capacity of milk sIgE to biscotti compared with once baked‐cake was shown by WB (p = .0012) and by indirect in‐house ELISA (p = .0001). In the ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of the in‐house ELISA IgE was comparable with Uni‐CAP milk and casein sIgE. The AUC of the in‐house ELISA IgE for cake (0.96) and biscotti (1) was slightly better than Uni‐CAP milk sIgE (0.94; 0.97) and casein sIgE (0.96; 0.97), respectively.

Conclusion

The low allergenicity of the newly developed low allergenic product “biscotti‐twice baked‐cake” has been demonstrated by in vitro experiments. Biscotti could be a safe treatment option than once baked‐cake/muffin in patients who are reactive to once baked‐milk products.
Effect of dupilumab on asthma and aeroallergen sensitization in pediatric atopic dermatitis patients: Results of the BioDay registry
Authors: Rijst Lisa P. van der , Groot Karin M. de Winter‐de , Zuithoff Nicolaas P. A. , de Bruin‐Weller Marjolein S. , de Graaf Marlies
Published: June 2024

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is frequently associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). Dupilumab is an effective treatment for pediatric AD, although the effect on atopic comorbidities in pediatric AD patients is limited.

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of asthma and AR in pediatric AD patients starting dupilumab treatment and to evaluate the effect of dupilumab on these comorbidities.

Methods

This study included pediatric AD patients (aged 3–17 years) treated with dupilumab between 2019 and 2023. Patients were screened at baseline by a pulmonologist for the presence of asthma and AR. Screening included evaluation of medical history and current symptoms, spirometry (including Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1)), Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO), and measurement of aeroallergen‐specific IgE levels. In patients diagnosed with comorbid asthma and/or AR, measurements were repeated at weeks 16 and 52. Spirometry measurements, FeNO, and aeroallergen‐specific IgE levels during treatment were analyzed using a covariance pattern model.

Results

Eighty‐four patients were included. Asthma was diagnosed in 50 patients (59.5%) and AR in 72 patients (85.7%). Baseline FeNO levels were elevated in both patients with (29.0 ppb (95% CI 22.0–54.0)) and without asthma (26.0 ppb (95% CI 22.0–30.0)). During treatment, FeNO levels decreased (p < .001) and FEV1 scores increased (p < .001) in patients with asthma. In patients with asthma and/or AR, all aeroallergen‐specific IgE levels decreased between 61.3% and 89.1% at 52 weeks of treatment.

Conclusion

One year of dupilumab treatment, primarily indicated for AD, resulted in a significant improvement in comorbid asthma and a profound decrease in aeroallergen‐specific IgE levels in patients with asthma and/or AR.
One panel with four single nucleotide polymorphisms for Chinese children with asthma: Integrating public data and whole exome sequencing
Authors: Zhou Ying , Li Lin , Zhou Dongmei , Yu Zhiwei , Ren Yaning , Liao Yuanfen , Yuan Cunyin , Yin Yong , Gu Xiaohong , Cui Yubao
Published: June 2024

Background

Polymorphisms in susceptibility genes are a major risk factor for the development of asthma. Understanding these genetic variants helps elucidate asthma's pathogenesis, predict its onset, expedite antiasthma medication development, and achieve precise targeted individualized treatment. This study developed a test kit based on susceptibility genes for predicting asthma in Chinese children.

Methods

The present study constructed a VariantPro Targeted Library Preparation System with 72 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci associated with asthma from the ClinVar, OMIM, and SNPedia databases. These SNP loci were detected in the peripheral blood of 499 children with asthma and 500 healthy children. Significant differences were discovered for seven SNP loci. Simultaneously, whole exome sequencing of 46 children with asthma and 50 healthy children identified eight SNP loci with significant differences. The 15 SNP loci identified from Chinese children with asthma were validated in an independent population of 97 children with asthma and 93 healthy children by conducting multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–next‐generation sequencing genotyping.

Results

Four loci (rs12422149, rs7216389, rs4065275, and rs41453444) were identified, and a single‐tube multifluorescent qPCR (real‐time quantitative PCR) test kit was developed using these four SNP loci. The kit was tested on 269 children with asthma and 724 children with bronchopneumonia.

Conclusions

We identified four loci as susceptibility genes and developed a quantitative PCR test kit for predicting asthma development in Chinese children.
Over Three Decades of Growth Hormone Treatment in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease‐Associated Growth Failure Before and After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Yadin Ora
Published: June 2024

Background

Growth retardation and short final height is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) beginning in childhood, with profound deleterious effects on quality of life, mental health, and social achievement. Despite optimal treatments of causative factors for growth retardation in children with CKD, more than 50% of patients reach end‐stage renal failure with a height >2 SD below the mean, and most do not demonstrate “catch‐up” growth after receiving a kidney transplant. Four decades ago, recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment was introduced after studies showed increased growth velocity and improved height SDS in uremic subjects. Since then, an abundance of published data showed significant improvements in health‐related quality of life, and most studies revealed no significant adverse effects. Clinical practice guidelines recommended rhGH treatment in CKD Stages 3–5D and after transplantation. Despite these guidelines, this therapy remained underutilized. Most commonly cited barriers to the implementation of rhGH treatment were the need for daily injections, financial challenges, physicians' unfamiliarity with guidelines, and fear of adverse events.

Conclusions

rhGH has been shown to improve growth and final height in short children with CKD, with minimal adverse effects. Despite data of its successful use generated over 3 decades, this treatment is underutilized. More judicious utilization of the treatment should emphasize educating patients, their care givers, and members of the multidisciplinary treating team. Additional studies are needed to assess the longer‐term rhGH treatment in larger cohorts of patients, leading to additional supportive data and clearer recommendations.
Sugar maple leaf extracts: A new tool to control bacterial canker of tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis
Authors: Tremblay Valérie , Delisle‐Houde Maxime , Demers François , D'Amours Charles , Filion Martin , Tweddell Russell J.
Published: June 2024

Bacterial canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) is a worldwide bacterial disease affecting tomato plants. Very few control methods exist and their efficacy is limited. In recent years, plant extracts were studied for their potential as a safe and eco‐friendly alternative to the use of chemical pesticides to control plant diseases. Recent work performed by our group revealed the antibacterial activity of an ethanolic sugar maple autumn‐shed leaf (SMASL) extract against bacterial plant pathogens. To further investigate the antibacterial and prophylactic potential of SMASL against bacterial canker, assays were performed (a) to determine the polyphenol content and the in vitro antibacterial activity of sugar maple leaf extracts against Cmm, (b) to evaluate the potential of SMASL extracts as a seed treatment against Cmm and (c) as a foliar application to control bacterial canker development in greenhouse‐ and field‐grown tomato plants. Variations in polyphenol content and antibacterial activity of sugar maple leaf extracts were studied monthly for a period of 2 years. Although polyphenol contents varied significantly, minimum inhibitory concentrations were constant between 1.56 and 3.13 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations between 12.5 and 25 mg/mL. SMASL extract at 25 mg/mL completely eliminated the pathogen from tomato seeds without negatively impacting on germination. SMASL extract foliar spray applications using concentrations of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL significantly repressed disease development under greenhouse and field conditions, showing better efficacy than copper octanoate. The antibacterial activity of SMASL extracts against Cmm shows great potential to control Cmm and bacterial canker in tomato.
In vivo proteolytic profiling of the type I and type II metacaspases in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to salt stress
Authors: Vergou Georgia Antonia , Bajhaiya Amit K. , Corredor Luisa , Lema Asqui Saul , Timmerman Evy , Impens Francis , Funk Christiane
Published: June 2024

Metacaspases are cysteine proteases present in plants, fungi and protists. While the association of metacaspases with cell death is studied in a range of organisms, their native substrates are largely unknown. Here, we explored the in vivo proteolytic landscape of the two metacaspases, CrMCA‐I and CrMCA‐II, present in the green freshwater alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, using mass spectrometry‐based degradomics approach, during control conditions and salt stress. Comparison between the cleavage events of CrMCA‐I and CrMCA‐II in metacaspase mutants revealed unique cleavage preferences and substrate specificity. Degradome analysis demonstrated the relevance of the predicted metacaspase substrates to the physiology of C. reinhardtii cells and its adaptation during salt stress. Functional enrichment analysis indicated an involvement of CrMCA‐I in the catabolism of carboxylic acids, while CrMCA‐II plays an important role in photosynthesis and translation. Altogether, our findings suggest distinct cellular functions of the two metacaspases in C. reinhardtii during salt stress response.
Patterns of company misconduct, recidivism, and complaint resolution delays: A temporal analysis of UK pharmaceutical industry self‐regulation within the European context
Authors: Mulinari Shai , Pashley Dylan , Ozieranski Piotr
Published: June 2024

Interfirm self‐regulation through trade associations is common but its effectiveness is debated and likely varies by time, country, and industry. This study examines self‐regulation of pharmaceutical marketing, characterized by delegation of major regulatory responsibilities to trade associations' self‐regulatory bodies. In addressing critical research gaps, this study first analyzes 1,776 complaints against pharmaceutical companies in the UK over 18 years (2004–2021). Findings regarding severe, repeat, and complex offending, and delays in complaint resolution raise significant concerns about the adequacy of UK's self‐regulation in deterring wrongdoing. Second, the study conducts international comparisons using recent complaints data from 30 European pharmaceutical industry self‐regulatory bodies. Despite shortcomings of UK's self‐regulation, it appears more adept at identifying potential breaches compared to most other countries, suggesting significant underdetection or underreporting of drug company misconduct in Europe. On balance, our findings are concerning given the negative effects of poorly regulated pharmaceutical marketing on medical practice and health.
Ultraviolet‐induced red fluorescence in androgenetic alopecia—indicating alterations in microbial composition
Authors: Zhang Li , Hu Yebei , Xie Bo , Zhang Beilei , Wei Dongfan , Zhang Hongyan , Chen Yi , Chen Shi , Song Xiuzu
Published: June 2024

Background

Ultraviolet (UV)‐induced fluorescence technology is widely used in dermatology to identify microbial infections. Our clinical observations under an ultraviolet‐induced fluorescent dermatoscope (UVFD) showed red fluorescence on the scalps of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) patients. In this study, based on the hypothesis that microbes are induced to emit red fluorescence under UV light, we aimed to explore the microbial disparities between the AGA fluorescent area (AF group) and AGA non‐fluorescent area (ANF group).

Methods

Scalp swab samples were collected from 36 AGA patients, including both fluorescent and non‐fluorescent areas. The bacterial communities on the scalp were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, as well as through microbial culture methods.

Results

Significant variations were observed in microbial evenness, abundance composition, and functional predictions between fluorescent and non‐fluorescent areas. Sequencing results highlighted significant differences in Cutibacterium abundance between these areas (34.06% and 21.36%, respectively; p < 0.05). Furthermore, cultured red fluorescent colonies primarily consisted of Cutibacterium spp., Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Micrococcus spp.

Conclusions

This is the first study to investigate scalp red fluorescence, highlighting microbial composition variability across different scalp regions. These findings may provide novel insights into the microbiological mechanisms of AGA.
Gadoxetate disodium (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA) contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for differentiation between benign and malignant splenic lesions in dogs
Authors: Lux Cassie N. , Sula Mee‐Ja M. , Sun Xiaocun , Hecht Silke
Published: June 2024

Malignant splenic lesions in dogs are common, with hemangiosarcoma diagnosed most frequently, and there have been no consistent clinicopathologic, gross, or imaging characteristics identified that differentiate malignant from benign splenic lesions. Histopathology is required for definitive diagnosis, and given the poor long‐term prognosis of malignant splenic lesions, a noninvasive tool to aid in diagnosis would be valuable. This prospective cohort study utilized gadoxetate disodium, a liver‐specific contrast agent (Gd‐EOB‐DPTA; Eovist), to identify the general lesion and pre‐ and postcontrast signal characteristics of benign and malignant splenic and hepatic lesions in dogs with naturally occurring disease. Twenty‐five dogs were enrolled, Eovist‐enhanced MRI was performed, and dogs were taken to surgery for splenectomy and other organ biopsy. All histopathology and MRI studies were evaluated by a single pathologist and a single radiologist, respectively. The associations between the tumor type and numerous variables defined on MRI were evaluated using Fisher's exact tests, and the significance was identified at a P‐value of .05. Malignant splenic masses were identified in 11/25 (44%) dogs, and 5/11 malignancies represented hemangiosarcoma. The presence of abdominal effusion (P = .017) and the presence of hepatic nodules on MRI (P = .009) were associated with splenic malignancy. There were no benign T2 hyperintense and no malignant T2 hypointense lesions (P = .021). Utilization of the T2 W MRI sequence may aid in the identification of malignant splenic lesions, particularly when accompanied by abdominal effusion and hepatic lesions.
Real Estate Price Cycles and Macroeconomic Variables: A Spectral Analysis with Wavelets for Brazil
Authors: Pessoa Jadson , Rivero Sérgio , Brito Alexsandro Sousa
Published: June 2024

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between real estate price cycles and two macroeconomic variables, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Interest Rate (Selic) of the Brazilian economy. To achieve this objective, we adopt a data-driven approach by applying the spectral analysis methodology. We adopted wavelet techniques to identify the frequencies of cycles and the coherences (lead-lag situation) between the housing price series and the macroeconomic variables. Our results suggest a situation of a strong spectral relationship between the cycles of housing prices and the investigated macroeconomic variables. In addition to the strong coherence, the cycles of housing prices presented themselves in the leading situation with respect to GDP and a mixed lead-lag behavior for the case of Selic.
Configuration spaces as commutative monoids
Authors: Randal‐Williams Oscar
Published: June 2024

After one‐point compactification, the collection of all unordered configuration spaces of a manifold admits a commutative multiplication by superposition of configurations. We explain a simple (derived) presentation for this commutative monoid object. Using this presentation, one can quickly deduce Knudsen's formula for the rational cohomology of configuration spaces, prove rational homological stability and understand how automorphisms of the manifold act on the cohomology of configuration spaces. Similar considerations reproduce the work of Farb–Wolfson–Wood on homological densities.
Acute partial sleep restriction does not impact arterial function in young and healthy humans
Authors: Cherubini Joshua M. , Cheng Jem L. , Armstrong Calvin M. , Kamal Michael J. , Parise Gianni , MacDonald Maureen J.
Published: June 2024

Habitual short sleep durations are associated with several cardiovascular diseases. Experimental research generally supports these findings as metrics of arterial function are impaired after complete deprivation of sleep and after longer periods of partial sleep restriction. The acute influence of a single instance of partial sleep restriction (PSR), however, has not been defined. We evaluated arterial structure and function among 32 university‐aged participants on two occasions: once after normal habitual sleep (NS), and again the morning after an acute partial sleep restriction (PSR) intervention involving only 3 h of sleep for a single night. Endothelial function was measured using ultrasonography at the brachial artery via flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD), and a ramp peak oxygen uptake test was used to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness. Blood samples were collected from a subset of participants to investigate the influence of circulatory factors on cellular mechanisms implicated in endothelial function. Sleep duration was lower after a night of PSR compared to NS (P < 0.001); however, there were no appreciable differences in any haemodynamic outcome between conditions. FMD was not different between NS and PSR (NS: 6.5 ± 2.9%; PSR: 6.3 ± 2.9%; P = 0.668), and cardiorespiratory fitness did not moderate the haemodynamic response to PSR (all P > 0.05). Ex vivo cell culture results aligned with in vivo data, showing that acute PSR does not alter intracellular processes involved in endothelial function. No differences in arterial structure or function were observed between NS and acute PSR in healthy and young participants, and cardiorespiratory fitness does not modulate the arterial response to acute sleep restriction.