bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The jumping spiders of Mozambique (Araneae: Salticidae)
Authors: HADDAD CHARLES RICHARD , WIŚNIEWSKI KONRAD , WESOŁOWSKA WANDA
Published: December 2024

Only 26 species of jumping spiders have been recorded from Mozambique to date. The present study is based on materials from four museum collections. Fourteen species are described as new to science: Habrocestum mozambicum sp. nov. (♂ ♀), Hyllus bisulcus sp. nov. (♂), H. ornatus sp. nov. (♂ ♀), H. simplex sp. nov. (♂), H. tetensis sp. nov. (♀), Langelurillus alius sp. nov. (♂), L. pusillus sp. nov. (♂), Langona spiralis sp. nov. (♀), Phintella elegans sp. nov. (♀), Rhene plumata sp. nov. (♂ ♀), Thiratoscirtus clarus sp. nov. (♀), T. gimoi sp. nov. (♀), Thyene roeweri sp. nov. (♂) and Vicirionessa spinosa sp. nov. (♂ ♀). Four new combinations are proposed: Afraflacilla sengwaensis (Wesołowska & Cumming, 2011) comb. nov., Psenuc dentatus (Wesołowska & Haddad, 2013) comb. nov. and P. squamatus (Haddad & Wesołowska, 2013) comb. nov. (all from Pseudicius Simon, 1885), and Evarcha soricina (Thorell, 1899) comb. nov. (from Marpissa C.L. Koch, 1846). The previously unknown sexes of two species, Asemonea clara Wesołowska & Haddad, 2013 (♂) and Thyene leighi Peckham & Peckham, 1903 (♀), are described for the first time. The updated list of salticids from Mozambique contains 118 species, of which 78 are recorded from the country for the first time.
Racism and sexism during pandemic times: Experiences, narratives, and coping mechanisms among Chinese women in the Netherlands
Authors: Aldemir Ayşe
Published: December 2024

This article presents findings from a qualitative study on the experiences of racism and sexism of Chinese-origin women living in the Netherlands during the pandemic. The emergence of the COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, and its labeling as the ‘Chinese virus’ in public discourse has triggered xenophobia and racial discrimination against people of Chinese and Asian descent worldwide. This study seeks to shed light on how women of Chinese origin residing in the Netherlands experienced racism during the pandemic, the intersectionality of racism and sexism, and their coping strategies. Participants’ orientations toward the possibilities of digital media in relation to their coping strategies were also explored. Espousing a multiactor frame of reference, semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 Chinese women residing in four major Dutch cities located within the Randstad Region (Amsterdam, The Hague, Rotterdam, and Utrecht) as well as one nongovernmental organization representative, one artist, and one activist. Participants’ narratives provide rich insights for feminist and antiracist work in the context of coping with racism, evaluations of Dutch society and gendered stereotypes of Asian women.
Optimal sizing of battery energy storage system in electrical power distribution network
Authors: Jaradat Tha’er , Khatib Tamer
Published: December 2024

Integrating renewable energy resources into electrical distribution networks necessitates using battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to manage intermittent energy generation, enhance grid reliability, and prevent reverse power flow. Thus, this study focuses on the optimal sizing of BESS in electrical power distribution networks, considering, cost, grid reliability, and environmental impact. The adapted electrical power distribution network in this research has a 25 MVA/33 kV capacity with 7 MWp photovoltaic power plants. The variability of renewable energy sources and the ampacity limitations of the adapted electrical power network are analyzed first. After that, a linear optimization approach is applied to minimize the storage system's cost subject to a specific grid's reliability. In addition to that, a life cycle assessment approach that evaluates the environmental impacts of different BESS technologies is used to evaluate the options of BESSs. Results indicate that integrating an optimally sized BESS significantly improves grid reliability, reduces energy deficits, and lowers operational costs. Moreover, the environmental impact assessment reveals that Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries are the most environmentally friendly option due to their high cycle life and moderate efficiency. The study concludes that the optimal BESS size for the adapted network is 120 Ah/33 kV, with a loss of load probability of 1% and annual savings of $0.367 million.
Composite Anne: The remembrance of Anne Frank and Holocaust commemoration in the digital age
Authors: Henig Lital
Published: December 2024

This article explores the influence of digital culture on Holocaust commemoration through the test case of Anne Frank. By carrying out a comprehensive visual and multimodal analysis of three contemporary representations of Frank, I identify three new characteristics of her commemoration: performative engagement, media reconstruction, and narrative adaptation. While performative engagement introduces a new position for commemoration, media reconstruction focuses on the appropriation and use of media for Frank’s remembrance. Narrative adaptation represents a shift from linear storytelling, reiterating established narratives traditionally associated with Frank to new interpretations favoring heightened engagement and non-linearity. Altogether, these characteristics illuminate and address changes in three key aspects of Holocaust commemoration and the remembrance of Frank: subjectivity, media, and storytelling. I conclude by showing how the focus on Frank’s figure brings forward a burgeoning trend in Holocaust commemoration, which offers an alternative perspective to the mainstream promotion of immersive experiences in digital media. In doing so, I advocate a moderate approach to media use for memory work in digital culture.
Inflected infinitives in SLA: A study of L1-Brazilian Portuguese–L2-Spanish speakers
Authors: López Otero Julio César , Jimenez Abril , Martínez Vera Gabriel
Published: December 2024

This article discusses inflected infinitives in adult first language (L1) Brazilian speakers whose second language (L2) is Spanish. We focus on adjunct clauses headed with para in cases involving same and different subjects in the matrix and the embedded clause. These languages differ in that Brazilian Portuguese, but not Spanish, allows for inflected infinitives, and we provide evidence that these bilinguals are using innovative forms, i.e. inflected infinitives in their L2. We examine our findings under a lens of L1 transfer, L1 pre-emption, and the difficulty posed by the subset–superset relationship between the L1 and the L2. Additionally, we propose that Brazilian Portuguese-speaking L2 learners of Spanish at an initial stage of L2 acquisition encounter challenges abandoning L1 strategies and apply the tense projection’s features in the inflected infinitives of their L1 into the verb forms of their L2. We further propose that those L2 learners with greater vocabulary knowledge succeed in abandoning the L1 strategies that are unavailable in the L2, in contrast to those with a more limited vocabulary knowledge.
From Microhistory to Macromarketing: Tracing the Rural Costa Rican Pulpería
Authors: Conejo Francisco J.
Published: December 2024

As developing countries modernize, small, traditional retailers may be undermined. Yet much can be learned by revisiting them. This study examines how Costa Rican country grocers, pulperías, evolved between 1950 and 2010. It applies a microhistorical approach comprising 60 former client, owner, and supplier interviews. Findings reveal how pulpería features, products, and functions transformed; the broad socio-economic forces driving their evolution; and shops’ limitations in facing said forces. Pulperías, while inefficient, added value to their communities. However, modern lifestyles and technologies led shops to change, even close. The lost social, cultural, and leisure aspects affected community cohesion and quality-of-life. Development efforts must therefore go beyond the economic. Instead of seeking output and efficiency, they should pursue widespread social improvement, foresee potential consequences, and include safeguards to mitigate markets’ socially-destructive nature. Findings are especially relevant to Global South contexts. Contemplating them should improve future marketing and public-policy efforts.
Highway On-Ramp Truck Platooning Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Wang An , Qi Liang , Luan Wenjing , Lu Tong
Published: December 2024

The advancement of connected and automated trucks (CATs) offers a novel avenue for the freight industry to optimize fuel efficiency, enhance traffic flow, and bolster safety through platooning. Particularly at highway on-ramps, how to effectively form CAT platoons is a key research topic. Previous studies have not addressed the issue of platooning at on-ramps. Within mixed traffic conditions, the interference from human driven vehicle (HDV) notably complicates the platooning operation. In this process, the position, timing, and speed of CAT merging significantly affect energy consumption and traffic safety. Thus, this work introduces a hierarchical merging strategy with a dynamic mechanism for selecting optimal merging points. Its objective is to facilitate efficient autonomous CAT platooning at highway on-ramps while considering the interference of HDVs. Specifically, it uses a model-free deep reinforcement learning method that guides the platooning process by exploring optimal driving behaviors. It ensures the safety and efficiency of the CAT merging process. Furthermore, we incorporate a realistic vehicle dynamics model within our simulations. The proposed strategy can handle the variation of the CATs’ initial positions and speeds at on-ramps, as well as interference caused by HDVs at highway mainline. The efficacy of the proposed strategy has been verified through a series of simulation experiments. The findings indicate that our strategy is capable of effectively orchestrating CAT platooning maneuvers at the highway on-ramps.
The early Sartre and Arendt on action: Exploring a neglected relationship
Authors: Rae Gavin
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this paper is to engage with Jean-Paul Sartre's and Hannah Arendt's analyses of action. Although Arendt's analysis of action is well known and interest in Sartre's early analysis of action has recently grown, there has been little attempt to bring the two thinkers together on this topic. This is presumably because their respective positions appear to be antithetical and, indeed, Arendt's assessment of Sartre's philosophy was so critical. My guiding contention, however, is that the early Sartre and Arendt actually share a number of common positions regarding the question of action. By first outlining Sartre's analysis of action in Being and Nothingness, before turning to Arendt's discussions in The Human Condition and the essay “What is Freedom?” (from 1958 and 1960), I show that, although differences exist, their respective positions overlap on a number of important points, including a common critique of the free will tradition, both for its supposed dependence on arbitrariness and for reducing action to a mental activity, and their joint insistence that action entails a projection of the entire being of the individual that is grounded in a prior orientation (defined in terms of values for Sartre and a principle for Arendt).
Alliances, state preferences, and trade networks: The impact of United States sanctions on dual-use trade
Authors: Zeng Yuleng , Peterson Timothy
Published: December 2024

Export controls on dual-use commodities are crucial to US foreign policy goals. Research finds that US sanctions motivate third-party compliance with export controls. However, the sanctions-busting literature suggests that allies are more likely than non-allies to sabotage US sanctioning efforts. We argue that US allies export more controlled dual-use goods (CDU) when the importer is not facing US sanctions. However, US allies will not export more CDU than non-allies to US-sanctioned states. We also argue that US sanctions condition the impact of economic and political determinants of CDU trade. We find support in models spanning 1997–2015.
Dynamic modeling and analysis of wind turbine gear-bearing coupling system considering tooth root crack and slicing coupling effect
Authors: Yang Shuyi , Tan Jianjun , Zhu Caichao , Liu Yangyang , Zhou Ye , Li Chengwu , Liao Bo
Published: December 2024

Tooth root cracks would change the meshing stiffness excitation of the gears, increasing the vibration and noise of wind turbine gearbox. Currently, there is relatively little literature that focuses on the slicing coupling effect of cracked gears, leading to incomplete accuracy in solving the time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) of gears under cracked conditions, making it difficult to accurately reflect the impact of root crack excitations on the dynamic behavior of wind turbine gear-bearing coupled systems. In this work, The improved analytical calculation method is proposed for the TVMS and system vibration coupling solution of the cracked gear pair, considering the slicing coupling effect. The dynamic model of the wind turbine high-speed stage gear set is developed using the lumped parameter approach, and the rolling bearing is modeled using the Hertz contact theory. Then, the excitations of the gear-bearing coupling system are developed using an improved slicing method. Lastly, the dynamic model of the wind turbine gear-bearing coupling system that considers tooth root cracks and the slicing coupling effect is established and validated. The results indicate that The TVMS modification algorithm considering the slicing coupling effect can better depict the dynamic change of the gear meshing stiffness under the crack failure. Cracks could reduce the TVMS of the gear pair, neglecting the coupling effect between the sliced gear tooth gains the potential risks of overestimating the influence of the gear crack depth on the TVMS. In addition, Gear cracks excitation may alter the dynamic contact load amplitude of the bearing rolling elements, resulting in a tendency for the load-bearing area to decrease. Moreover, When the cracked teeth are involved in meshing, The decrease in mesh stiffness will result in a larger amplitude periodic shock response to the system vibration displacement and a sideband phenomenon near the mesh frequency, neglecting the coupling effect between the sliced gear tooth or simplifying the bearing to a linear support stiffness matrix gain the potential risks of underestimating the influence of the gear crack depth on the vibration displacement of the gear-bearing coupling system.
Wind tunnel investigation into the bio-inspired slotted winglets for micro air vehicles
Authors: Verma Anand , Borah Bastav , Saha Ujjwal K , Kulkarni Vinayak
Published: December 2024

The reported study investigates the effect of slotted winglet configurations on the performance of low aspect ratio ( AR) wings meant for micro air vehicles (MAVs). The inspiration of this slotted winglets is derived from the primary feathers of soaring bird wings. This bio-inspired approach is used to replicate the aerodynamic benefits of the MAV wings. In view of this, the present study is conducted on S5010 profiled wing at two ARs in the presence of wingtip attachments. The wind tunnel experiments involve two shapes of wingtip attachments, viz., tapered and conical forming the slotted winglet configurations. The aerodynamic parameters such as lift, drag, induced drag, lift-to-drag ratio and pitching moment are evaluated in the range of low Reynolds number ( Re). The tapered slotted winglets demonstrate superior performance as compared to the base wing of the same AR. Further, there is a decrease of induced drag with the higher number of attachments. It has also been observed that with an increase in Re, the performance of winglet configurations improves significantly.
Bridging the Past and Present: Sustainable Water Management Technologies Through the Lens of Hydro-Science in Ancient India
Authors: Dasgupta Rohini , Biswas Ayan , Dutta Debajit
Published: December 2024

This article delves into the ancient Indian techniques of sustainable water resource management and the corresponding modern-day approaches of hydro-science towards sustainability. This article takes a comprehensive look at the traditional methods of water management that have been practised in India for centuries and highlights their relevance in the present-day context. The ancient techniques of water management in India, including rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge and canal systems, were developed based on a deep understanding of the local ecosystems and the water cycle. These practices were designed to promote the sustainable use of water resources and maintain a delicate balance between water availability and demand. In recent times, with the increasing global awareness of sustainability, there has been a renewed interest in these traditional practices which have been developed with a focus on reducing environmental impacts, conserving natural resources and promoting social and ecological equity which includes green technologies, circular economies and sustainable development goals and are rooted in the principles of sustainability that were ingrained in ancient India. In summary, this research contributes to emphasize the need to preserve traditions and integrate them with modern technology to achieve sustainable growth and ensure a sustainable future for all.
The Effect of Earnings Volatility on Capital Structure: A Case of Oligopolistic Banking Sector
Authors: Mabandla Ndonwabile Zimasa , Marozva Godfrey
Published: December 2024

The article investigates the impact of earnings volatility on the South African bank’s capital structure using a sample of registered banks from 2012 to 2021. None of the research on this relationship has examined the oligopolistic market of the banking sector, which stands as a structurally distinctive economic segment. Using the generalized method of moments (GMM) model, the results show a negative and significant effect of earnings volatility on leverage. These findings help finance professionals understand the oligopolistic banking sector’s leverage dynamics and earnings volatility within the context of unexpected economic shocks. Thus, the central banks should require banks to diversify in a bid to minimize earnings variance, thereby providing them with financing flexibility. Bank executives and regulators will find the findings pertinent, providing them with perspectives for making well-informed decisions regarding the capital structure based on the degree of earnings variability.
An Online Survey of Knowledge, Attitude, and Prevalence of Substance Use in School-Going Adolescents of a Regional Area of Punjab, India
Authors: Garg Jasmin , Sidhu Amrinder Singh , Goel Shikha , Kaur Parvarjot
Published: December 2024

Background:

Substance use can begin in adolescence and can lead to school drop-out, involvement in criminal activities, and development of mental health disorders. Good awareness is an important protective factor for keeping adolescents away from substance abuse. This study was planned to describe the knowledge, attitude and prevalence of substance use in school-going adolescents from a regional area of Punjab.

Methods:

An online survey was conducted recruiting 6927 students of 9th to 12th class. They were administered the English and Punjabi translated version of the “Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire to Substance Abuse” and asked for ever use of substances using WHO-ASSIST. The association of sociodemographic variables with knowledge, attitude, and prevalence was analyzed.

Results:

Most of the school students had poor knowledge and attitudes regarding substance use. They had limited awareness of the harms and treatment of substance abuse. Social stigma for substance abuse was evident in the majority of students. About 3.3% of students reported ever use of substances. The commonest reported substances were alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis. The knowledge and attitudes were poor in students of urban areas, private schools, students of classes 9th and 10th, and those of middle socioeconomic status. Ever use was higher in males, students from rural areas, and classes 11th and 12th.

Conclusions:

There is inadequate knowledge and attitude for substance abuse among school-going adolescents in this regional area of Punjab. Students reported a low prevalence of ever use in the online survey.
Creating Highly Structured Classrooms for Students in Alternative Education Settings
Authors: Tanner Emily K. , Marsh Robbie J. , Houchins David E.
Published: December 2024

Students are often placed in alternative education schools or settings (AES) for behavioral issues that cannot be effectively supported in a general education setting. A large portion of students educated in AES have a diagnosed emotional and behavioral disorder (EBD). An AES teacher is required to provide students with the most effective behavior intervention while taking into consideration the specific behavioral needs of the students with EBD. The purpose of this article is to provide teachers with steps for creating a highly structured classroom environment. Strategies that can be implemented to improve the behavioral outcomes of students with EBD are discussed.
The Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Revisiting the Evidence of Validity and Measurement Invariance Using the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Jovanović Veljko , Ilić Mihajlo , Šakan Dušana , Brdar Ingrid
Published: December 2024

The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) assesses two distinct dimensions of meaning in life: presence of meaning and search for meaning. The MLQ is the most widely used instrument for measuring meaning in life, yet there is a limited variety of validity evidence on the originally proposed two-factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) solution. In this light, the present research examined, across five studies (total N = 3,205), several aspects of the MLQ’s validity and tested cross-gender and cross-national measurement invariance. We also examined the usefulness of the exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) of the MLQ as an alternative to the standard CFA model. The results obtained provide evidence for: (a) the validity (structural, convergent, concurrent, and incremental) of the MLQ ESEM factors; (b) full scalar invariance of the MLQ ESEM model across gender and partial measurement invariance across four countries; and (c) similar cross-national relationships between MLQ ESEM factors and measures of depression and life satisfaction. The present research provides support for the value of applying the ESEM framework in overcoming limitations of the CFA model when examining evidence on the MLQ’s validity.
Associations Between Childhood ADHD and Lifestyle Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases From Adolescence to Early Adulthood
Authors: Li Yueqi , Xian Hong , Arnold Lauren D. , Jen Chang Jen
Published: December 2024

Objective:

To examine the association between childhood ADHD and lifestyle risk factors (physical inactivity and high fast-food consumption) from adolescence to early adulthood.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study used secondary data from Wave I to III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) in a national representative sample of adolescents ( n = 6,814). Multivariable Poisson regression and Generalized Estimating Equation were used to estimate adjusted relative risks (aRRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), controlling for confounders.

Results:

Childhood ADHD was associated with an increased risk of high fast-food consumption (aRR = 1.49, 95% CI [1.23, 1.80]) in early adulthood, but not in adolescence (aRR = 1.11, 95% CI [0.90, 1.37]), after adjusting for confounders. The associations between childhood ADHD and physical inactivity were not statistically significant from adolescence to early adulthood.

Conclusion:

Findings of this study extend the current understanding of the impact of childhood ADHD on greater risk of fast-food consumption, which underscores the importance to develop interventions for promoting healthy diet in children with ADHD.
Bending test and numerical analysis of inflatable tubes
Authors: Zhang Fu , Wang Ningrui , Wu Minger
Published: December 2024

In this paper, bending test of an inflatable, polyvinylchloride (PVC)-coated fabric tube is carried out to study the deformation, bearing capacity, and wrinkling characteristics. In order to illustrate the effect of hoop stress, two nonlinear stress-strain relationships are measured through the uniaxial tension and the biaxial tension tests. Meanwhile, a computing method based the fiber beam model is developed for the inflatable tube. This method can consider nonlinearity of membrane materials and wrinkling effect easily. The numerical results using the stress-strain relationship considering hoop stress effect are shown to more accurately predict the load-displacement response in bending test. As the test results shown, the cross-section remains basically circular and the strain distribution in no wrinkling region approximately satisfies the plane section assumption before and after wrinkling. Furthermore, the wrinkling load of the inflatable tube in bending test is compared with the numerical results. Lastly, wrinkling expansion process and wrinkling angle at ultimate load are detailed.
Multiple-input, multiple-output modal testing of a Hawk T1A aircraft: a new full-scale dataset for structural health monitoring
Authors: Wilson James , Champneys Max D. , Tipuric Matt , Mills Robin , Wagg David J. , Rogers Timothy J.
Published: December 2024

The use of measured vibration data from structures has a long history of enabling the development of methods for inference and monitoring. In particular, applications based on system identification and structural health monitoring have risen to prominence over recent decades and promise significant benefits when implemented in practice. However, significant challenges remain in the development of these methods. The introduction of realistic, full-scale datasets will be an important contribution to overcoming these challenges. This article presents a new benchmark dataset capturing the dynamic response of a decommissioned BAE Systems Hawk T1A. The dataset reflects the behaviour of a complex structure with a history of service that can still be tested in controlled laboratory conditions, using a variety of known loading and damage simulation conditions. As such, it provides a key stepping stone between simple laboratory test structures and in-service structures. In this article, the Hawk structure is described in detail, alongside a comprehensive summary of the experimental work undertaken. Following this, key descriptive highlights of the dataset are presented, before a discussion of the research challenges that the data present. Using the dataset, non-linearity in the structure is demonstrated, as well as the sensitivity of the structure to damage of different types. The dataset is highly applicable to many academic enquiries and additional analysis techniques which will enable further advancement of vibration-based engineering techniques.
Integrating the maximum mean discrepancy metric with time–frequency enhanced convolutional neural networks for fault diagnosis
Authors: Li Xueyi , Yuan Peng , Yu Jun , Yin Rongying , Zhao Siwei , Yang Yuxuan , Zhang Jiahao , Liu Ziyu , Chu Fulei
Published: December 2024

In the operation of rotating machinery, the condition monitoring of key components such as bearings and gears is very important. However, due to the complexity of the real environment and the diversity of equipment operating conditions, the collected mechanical vibration signals of bearings and gears often contain irrelevant noise, which brings challenges to signal processing. Traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs), lacking denoising structures, have limited effectiveness in processing interfered vibration signals. In addressing these challenges, this paper introduces a novel approach, namely the Gramian-based CNN model and maximum mean square discrepancy (MMSD). For the model, we first propose a simple yet effective denoising strategy, namely Gramian noise reduction (GNR) based on the self-similarity of vibration signal cycles. Second, considering the limitations of traditional CNNs in handling interfered vibration signals, we develop a novel end-to-end GNR-based CNN model - Gramian Time–Frequency Enhanced Network (GTFE-Net), applied to bearing fault diagnosis. GTFE-Net consists of three parallel branches, each processing the original signal, the GNR-denosed signal, and spectral information. By integrating GNR into GTFE-Net, the network focuses more on feature extraction. Additionally, we introduce MMSD as a metric that comprehensively reflects differences in sample mean and variance information in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space, thereby enhancing domain confusion. The experimental results indicate that this method achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 77.19% for various transmission tasks in noisy environments. This finding provides reliable support for bearing fault diagnosis, demonstrating the method’s effectiveness and potential for application in complex environments.
The Golden Ticket: Examining the Impact of Winning the Western States Endurance Run Lottery on Subsequent Ultramarathon Performance and Travel Decisions
Authors: Bennett Evan , Cary Michael
Published: December 2024

The Western States Endurance Run (WSER) is the premier 100 mile trail race in the United States. Due to requirements put in place by the United States Forest Service, there are only a limited number of participants allowed to compete in any given year. These participants are selected through a lottery for which they must first qualify by running a qualifying performance at another event. For these reasons, the WSER is a “bucket list” event for many ultramarathon runners. We exploit the randomness of the lottery to determine if winning the WSER lottery affects the training and travel behavior of lottery winners. We find that WSER lottery winners compete in more races, perform better in these races, and travel more in the short run (1–2 years). However, in the long run, lottery winners compete in fewer events, travel less, and compete in smaller events than lottery losers.
Inclusive universities for students with intellectual disabilities from a teacher’s perspective
Authors: Yerga-Míguez M. Dolores , Pena Maria João , Jiménez Rosa María Díaz , Mancaniello Maria Rita
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to analyse the elements necessary for the construction of inclusive universities in the European context from the perspective of university professors. Three focus groups are conducted in different countries: Spain, Italy and Portugal. The discourses have been analysed following Grounded Theory. The codes obtained were subjected to a centrality analysis in which rank, intermediation and proximity were analysed. The results show inclusion, teaching, experience and well-being as central elements of the discourses. Two large semantic blocks are obtained, one referring to educational factors and the other to social and emotional factors. Educational factors refer to how methodologies, assessment and support elements should be configured. In relation to social and emotional factors, issues related to inclusion, inclusive experiences, support and accompaniment and the role of families are presented. It concludes with the need to address both factors with a commitment from the entire university community.
Chronic Pain Management in an Aging Population: Current Challenges and Policy-Based Solutions
Authors: LaRowe Lisa R. , Patidar Seema , Goetzinger Amy , Margolies Skye , Mace Ryan A.
Published: December 2024

Chronic pain in older adults is highly prevalent and often more complex to manage. Despite some recent successes in improving chronic pain management in this population, critical challenges and policy barriers remain: (1) healthcare professionals do not have enough training, education or experience; (2) treatments are too focused on biological causes of pain; (3) opioid regulations have had unintended consequences; (4) there are barriers to nonopioid and non-drug chronic pain treatments; and (5) age-related stigma and discrimination make it more difficult to detect and treat chronic pain. To more effectively assess and manage chronic pain in older adults, a comprehensive, bipartisan approach must include: (1) teaching healthcare professionals about chronic pain in older adults; (2) assessing and addressing chronic pain through a biopsychosocial lens, (3) improving implementation of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for opioid use, (4) increasing access to nonopioid and non-drug chronic pain treatments, and (5) strengthening programs to reduce ageism.
No Association Between Patient Reported Outcomes and Ankle and Hindfoot Osteoarthritis Radiographic Severity
Authors: Kulkarni Ronit , Dusch Timothy , Pottanat Paul J. , Morningstar Joshua L. , Gross Christopher E. , Scott Daniel J.
Published: December 2024

Category:

Ankle Arthritis; Ankle

Introduction/Purpose:

The Kellgren-Lawrence scale has been used as a valid and reliable system to grade osteoarthritis. This study seeks to examine the association between preoperative Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scale grade of ankle or hindfoot arthritis and postoperative outcome measures (PROMs) in patients undergoing total ankle arthroplasty (TAA), ankle arthrodesis (AA), or hindfoot arthrodesis.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted of 254 ankles (250 patients) with minimum 6-month follow-up, undergoing TAA, AA, or hindfoot arthrodesis from 2016-2022. Patients were identified by having undergone surgery via CPT codes (27702, 27870, 27815, or 27825). 131 patients (51.6%) underwent TAA. Of patients undergoing various ankle and hindfoot fusions, involved joints were tibio-talar (n=83; 32.7%), sub-talar (n=46; 18.1%), talo-navicular (n=15; 5.9%) and calcaneocuboid 1 (0.3%). Preoperative KL grade of the joint undergoing arthrodesis/arthroplasty was evaluated. Data collected included demographics, medical history, PROMs (FAOS, FAAM, VAS, SSS-8, PDI, and PCS), postoperative complications, readmission and reoperation rates. The final cohort mean age was 58.26 (range 18-85) years with mean BMI 31.97 (range 17.85-61.38) kg/m2 and mean follow-up of 1.69 (range 0.50-6.13) years.

Results:

The overall cohort was primarily KL grade 3 and 4 at each of the examined joints. There were no significant differences in demographics or procedure performed between groups, with the exception of age, which was statistically significantly associated with an increased KL grade for the TN joint (p=.006). Preoperatively, the tibiotalar joints with a KL grade of 3 were associated with significantly higher preoperative SSS-8 scores (p=.002). A preoperative KL grade of 2 at the subtalar joint was associated with significantly lower preoperative FAOS recreation scores (p=.030). Postoperatively, there was no statistically significant difference in patient reported outcomes with any of the examined joints KL grade. Lastly, there was no statistically significant association between KL score of any joint and postoperative complication, readmission, or reoperation.

Conclusion:

There was no association between preoperative Kellgren-Lawrence grade and post-operative PROMs or mean 1.69 year outcomes following TAA, AA, or hindfoot arthrodesis. Surgeons should be aware that, at least for patients indicated for TAA or ankle/hindfoot arthrodesis, preoperative KL grade does not seem to impact short term PROM scores.
Nonunion Rate and Clinical Outcomes Following Percutaneous Modified Lapidus Procedure with Intramedullary Nail Fixation and Early Weightbearing
Authors: Dai Amos , Hembree Walter C. , Rodriguez Materon Solangel , Alkaramany Eslam , Salomao Barbachan Mansur Nacime , Guyton Gregory P.
Published: December 2024

Category:

Bunion; Midfoot/Forefoot

Introduction/Purpose:

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques have largely focused on first metatarsal osteotomies in hallux valgus correction, but have also been used for joint preparation in foot and ankle surgery. Concurrently, new fixation methods allow early weightbearing protocols with the open Lapidus procedure, with nonunion rates comparable to those of more traditional protocols requiring prolonged nonweightbearing. We aimed to assess the nonunion rate and clinical results of a percutaneous modified Lapidus (PML) technique with axial nail fixation (Phantom Lapidus Intramedullary Nail: Paragon28, Englewood, CO USA) and early weightbearing.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed for a consecutive series of 88 feet in 70 patients who underwent the PML technique from June 2018 to January 2023 by two fellowship-trained orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons. Indications for surgery included moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity with or without first tarsometatarsal joint (TMT) instability, first TMT arthritis, adolescent bunion, and failed prior surgery. All patients initiated weightbearing in a controlled ankle motion (CAM) boot within 12 days from surgery. Nonunion rate was defined as a symptomatic nonunion (confirmed with CT scan) that underwent revision surgery. Patients were also sent follow-up questionnaires to obtain postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, Patient-Reported Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function scores, PROMIS Pain Interference scores, and ability to return to work.

Results:

Overall nonunion rate was 9.1%. All nonunions were successfully treated with nail retention, medial plate augmentation and bone grafting. There was a 15.9% all-cause reoperation rate on the 1st ray. There were 3 minor wound complications (3.4%). Average tourniquet time for the PML technique (cases performed in isolation) was 65 minutes. Survey response rate was 50%. Average follow-up time from surgery to survey response was 3.4 years (SD 1.3, range 1.2 - 5.7). VAS scores improved from 3.5 (SD 2.6) preoperatively to 0.7 (SD 1.1, range 0 – 5). Mean postoperative PROMIS Physical Function and Pain Interference scores were 56.1 (SD 6.8) and 43.6 (SD 6.6), respectively. All patients who were employed within 6 months prior to surgery were able to return to work.

Conclusion:

The PML technique combined with early weightbearing yields low rate of wound complications and nonunion rates comparable to historical cohorts using prolonged weightbearing protocols. For the patient, this technique additionally provides improved cosmesis and accelerated rehabilitation.
Novel Cross Screw with Staple for First MTP Joint Arthrodesis Compared to Dorsal Plate Fixation: Retrospective Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation
Authors: Arndt Stephen R. , Zahra Shirin , Moldavsky Mark
Published: December 2024

Category:

Lesser Toes; Other

Introduction/Purpose:

Retrospective study investigating patient reported outcomes and radiographic evaluation of crossed screws used in conjunction with a compressive nitinol staple (CS+S) for arthrodesis of the 1st metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. Dorsal plating (DP) group for 1st MTP joint was used for as control group.

Methods:

Pre-op and post-op Visual Analog Score (VAS) were assessed. Radiographic Hallux Valgus Angle (HVA), Intermetatarsal Angle (IMA), Interphalangeal Angle (IPA) Dorsiflexion Angle (DFA), and distance of fibular sesamoid (DFS) were measured pre-op and post-op. Student t-test assuming equal variance (p≤0.05) was performed to determine significance. Fusion was determined by assessing post operative radiographs.

Results:

DP Group had 40 patients, age 65.3±8.4, 12M, 28F, BMI 30.4±6.2. In the CS+S group 14 patients were included age 66.64±8.4, 5M, 9F, BMI 25.0±3.8. DP had a average follow up time of 4±3months with 95% fusion rate; CS+S had 100% fusion rate at an average follow up of 1.9±2months. Pre-op and Post-op DP and CS+S VAS scores were (7.9±0.9; 1.3±1) and (8.0±0.8; 0.7±0.9), respectively (p≤0.05). Pre and post-op HVA, IMA, IPA, DFA and DFS for DP are 19.9±11.25o, 8.32±7.19o (p≤0.05); 11.41±4.58o, 9.09±3.23o (p≤0.05); 9.99±4.84o, 12.95±4.12o (p≤0.05); 22.59±9.21o, 23.71±7.41o (p≥0.05); and 12.82±2.65mm, 12.35±2.62mm (p≥0.05) respectively. Pre and post-op HVA, IMA, IPA, DFA angles and DFS for CS+S are 21.71±10.5o, 5.57±5.08o (p≤0.05); 10.54±4.43o, 7.98±2.79o (p≤0.05); 11.99±6.28o, 14.47±5.22o (p≥0.05); 22.26±8.90o, 22.44±8.97o (p≥0.05); and 13.24±2.17mm, 12.13±1.56mm (p≥0.05) respectively.

Conclusion:

Both Cross Screw + Staple and Dorsal Plate groups result in significant improvements in VAS scores and radiographic parameters. The Cross Screw + Staple group had 100% fusion rate with significantly less follow up time compared to Dorsal Plate Group. Performing the procedure with Cross Screws + Staple has the benefits of a smaller incision, lower profile implant, less hardware irritation while providing continuous compression across the joint. potential benefits may be decreased OR room time and reduced hospital cost.
Osteochondral Repair with Autologous Cartilage Transplantation with or without Bone Grafting: A Short Pilot Study in Mini-Pigs
Authors: Woo Shim Dong , Lee Wonwoo , Woo Lee Jin , Soo Kim Bom
Published: December 2024

Category:

Basic Sciences/Biologics; Other

Introduction/Purpose:

Treatment strategies for osteochondral defects, for which particulated autologous cartilage transplantation (PACT) is an emerging treatment strategy, aim to restore the structure and function of the hyaline cartilage. Herein, we compared the efficacy of PACT with control or human transforming growth factor-β (rhTGF-β), and clarified the necessity of bone graft (BG) with PACT to treat shallow osteochondral defects in a porcine model.

Methods:

Two skeletally mature male micropigs received 4 osteochondral defects in each knee. The 16 defects were randomized to (1) empty control, (2) PACT, (3) PACT with BG, or (4) rhTGF-β. Animals were euthanized after 2 months and histomorphometry, immunofluorescence analysis, semiquantitative evaluation (O’Driscoll score), and magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score were performed.

Results:

Hyaline cartilages, glycosaminoglycan synthesis, and collagen type II staining were more abundant in the PACT than in the control and rhTGF-β groups. The O’Driscoll score was significantly different between groups (P < 0.001), with both PACT groups showing superiority (P = 0.002). PACT had the highest score (P = 0.002), with improved restoration of subchondral bone compared with PACT with BG. The MOCART score showed significant differences between groups (P = 0.021); MOCART and O’Driscoll scores showed high correlation (r = 0.847, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Treatment of osteochondral defects with PACT improved tissue quality compared with that with control or rhTGF-β in a porcine model. BG, in addition to PACT, may be unnecessary for shallow osteochondral defects. Clinical Relevance. BG may not be necessary while performing PACT.
Outcomes and Complications of Wright Medical INVISION Talus for Complex Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Conway Yvonne C. , Cassinelli Spenser , Whitlow Scott , Lundeen Gregory A.
Published: December 2024

Category:

Ankle Arthritis; Ankle

Introduction/Purpose:

The INVISION Total Ankle Arthroplasty System (Wright Medical Technology/Stryker) is a modular ankle arthroplasty used for patients with limited bone stock. There is limited early survivorship and clinical outcomes data for this device. The aim of this study is to report on early implant survivorship and complications specifically with regards to the talar component of the INVISION Total Ankle System performed in complex and revision total ankle replacements.

Methods:

This is a single-institution retrospective review of patients who underwent TAA using the INVISION talus implant between 2018 and 2023. INVISION was chosen in cases with significant talar bone loss. Demographics, reoperation, complications, and radiographic data were collected. Immediate postoperative images were used to measure the height of bone remaining underneath the talar tray at the thinnest remaining portion of the posterior talus. A total of 8 components in 7 different patients that underwent INVISION talar component placement met inclusion criteria with a mean follow-up of 105 weeks. Patient demographics consisted of 71% female(n=5), 29% male(n=2) with mean age of 56 years old. The INVISION talar component was used as a primary implant to address severe AVN of the talus (n= 3), and as a revision talar component to address post infection bone loss (n= 3) and failed total ankle arthroplasty due to aseptic loosening/osteolysis/subsidence (n = 2).

Results:

Talar implant survivorship was 88%. One patient had implant failure resulting in conversion to a total talus due to loss of fixation of the talar component. Another patient developed a stress fracture 2 years postoperatively in the posterior talus (Figure 1.C) that was successfully treated with a subtalar fusion. The average measured minimum posterior talus thickness underneath the tray for all patients was 4.6mm (range 0.5mm – 10.0 mm). This measurement was not able to be obtained for one patient with a prior subtalar fusion due to talar continuity with calcaneus. In the two patients that had either implant failure or required reoperation, the talar thickness measured 0.5mm and 2.9mm, respectively. None of the implants with greater than 3mm had loss of fixation or ingrowth.

Conclusion:

The INVISION talus tray is a reliable option for addressing severe talar bone loss in TAA. We caution surgeons using this implant if there is < 3 mm of bone height in the posterior talus. Although the pegs of the talar plate are primarily fixated anterior within the talus, the tray appears to rely on the entire length of the talus to distribute the weightbearing forces. If a surgeon measures >3mm posterior talar height underneath the talar plate, alternative treatments such as subtalar fusion in conjunction with the INVISION talar component placement or total talus should be considered.
Outcomes Following Surgical Fixation of Ankle Fractures in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Lalli Trapper , Paterno Anthony , White Beau , Jeffs Alexander , Orders Tanner , Chen Andrew
Published: December 2024

Category:

Trauma; Ankle

Introduction/Purpose:

There is a high prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in orthopaedic trauma patients. The purpose of this study was to assess mortality and postoperative complications amongst patients with moderate-to-severe CKD including end stage renal disease (ESRD) following surgical fixation of ankle fractures. We hypothesized that there would not be a significant difference in outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe CKD.

Methods:

Patients at an academic Level 1 trauma center between 2008-2019 who underwent operative fixation of an ankle fracture and had a diagnosis of CKD were retrospectively identified. All patients with moderate-to-severe CKD (stages III-V) prior to injury were included. A randomly selected group of patients with mild CKD (stages I/II) served as a control group. Demographics, age adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), fracture type, complications (including deep infection, hardware failure, non-union/malunion, amputation), and mortality within 2 years from surgery were collected. Results were compared using ANOVA and Fisher’s exact tests, and mortality was adjusted for age, race, CCI, and BMI using logistic regression.

Results:

A total of 42 patients with mild CKD and 47 with moderate-to-severe CKD were included. The overall complication rates were not significantly different between the groups (26% vs 32%, p=0.64), Return to the OR (10% vs 17%, p=0.36) and amputation (0% vs 2%, p=1.0) were not significantly different between the groups. There were higher rates of deep infection, but this was not statistically significant One-year and two-year mortality rates were near equivalent between groups (7% vs 9%, p=1.0 and 10% vs 13%, p=0.74).

Conclusion:

Following surgical fixation of an ankle fracture, patients with moderate-to-severe CKD do not appear to have increased rates of mortality or overall complications than patients with mild CKD. This data can be useful to counsel patients with ankle fractures and moderate-to-severe CKD and ESRD.