bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late diagnosis and vulnerabilities of the elderly living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Alencar Rúbia Aguiar , Ciosak Suely Itsuko
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE To identify vulnerabilities of elderly people with HIV/AIDS and the trajectory that they follow until reaching the diagnosis of the disease. METHOD Qualitative research conducted in specialized clinics in the state of São Paulo, from January to June 2011. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 elderly people who were found to be infected with the virus at the age of 60 years or older. The interviews were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS In this process four categories emerged, then analyzed with reference to the theoretical framework of vulnerability. CONCLUSION Late diagnosis of HIV infection or AIDS among the elderly happens in the secondary or tertiary service. Issues related to sexual life of the elderly are only questioned by health professionals after the diagnosis, also the time that condom use becomes absolute. It is believed that the investigation of the vulnerability of the elderly to HIV/AIDS allows for carrying out appropriate interventions for this population.
Clinical treatment adherence of health care workers and students exposed to potentially infectious biological material
Authors: Almeida Maria Cristina Mendes de , Canini Silvia Rita Marin da Silva , Reis Renata Karina , Toffano Silmara Elaine Malaguti , Pereira Fernanda Maria Vieira , Gir Elucir
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE To assess adherence to clinical appointments by health care workers (HCW) and students who suffered accidents with potentially infectious biological material. METHOD A retrospective cross-sectional study that assessed clinical records of accidents involving biological material between 2005 and 2010 in a specialized unit. RESULTS A total of 461 individuals exposed to biological material were treated, of which 389 (84.4%) were HCWs and 72 (15.6%) students. Of the 461 exposed individuals, 307 (66.6%) attended a follow-up appointment. Individuals who had suffered an accident with a known source patient were 29 times more likely to show up to their scheduled follow-up appointments (OR: 29.98; CI95%: 16.09-55.83). CONCLUSION The predictor in both univariate and multivariate analyses for adherence to clinical follow-up appointment was having a known source patient with nonreactive serology for the human immunodeficiency virus and/or hepatitis B and C.
Scientific production on workplace bullying/harassment in dissertations and theses in the Brazilian scenario
Authors: Costa Isabelle Cristinne Pinto , Costa Solange Fátima Geraldo da , Andrade Cristiani Garrido de , Oliveira Regina Célia de , Abrão Fátima Maria da Silva , Silva Carlos Roberto Lyra da
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE To analyze scientific production about workplace bullying and harassment in dissertations and theses in Brazil, with emphasis on the year of publication; educational institution; area of knowledge; professional and academic background of the authors; keywords used; and concept map organization. METHOD Bibliometric study with a quantitative approach with a sample consisting of 57 papers, 5 theses and 52 dissertations, published between 2002 and 2012. RESULTS It was found that 2012 was the year with the highest number of publications in this topic area. The region that stood out was the Southeast. The institution with the highest number of publications was the Federal University of Santa Catarina. There was a predominance of dissertations and most publications were produced by researchers focused on a multidisciplinary perspective. CONCLUSION Expanding the views regarding bullying in order to disseminate scientific production was proposed, promoting further advancement of debates and raising pertinent questions.
Educational intervention on malignant hyperthermia with nursing professionals of the operating room
Authors: Sousa Cristina Silva , Bispo Daniela Magalhaes , Cunha Ana Lucia Mirancos da , Siqueira Ivana Lucia Correa Pimentel de
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on malignant hyperthermia with operating room nurses. METHOD A quasi-experimental study, aimed at an educational intervention of short duration with the nursing staff in the operating room of the institution hosting the research in the city of São Paulo, with the participation of 96 professionals. Pre-intervention tests and post-intervention tests were applied, which consisted of a lecture followed by simulation. RESULTS Considering the overall results of the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.00). After the educational intervention, there was an increase of the minimum and maximum scores, and average growth of 2.64 points in the knowledge of professionals when compared to the previous step. CONCLUSION The educational intervention strategy favors the concept of the content developed by everyone involved and qualifies professionals to work safely.
Mediate evaluation of replicating a Training Program in Nonverbal Communication in Gerontology
Authors: Schimidt Teresa Cristina Gioia , Duarte Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira , Silva Maria Julia Paes da
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE Replicating the training program in non-verbal communication based on the theoretical framework of interpersonal communication; non-verbal coding, valuing the aging aspects in the perspective of active aging, checking its current relevance through the content assimilation index after 90 days (mediate) of its application. METHOD A descriptive and exploratory field study was conducted in three hospitals under direct administration of the state of São Paulo that caters exclusively to Unified Health System (SUS) patients. The training lasted 12 hours divided in three meetings, applied to 102 health professionals. RESULTS Revealed very satisfactory and satisfactory mediate content assimilation index in 82.9%. CONCLUSION The program replication proved to be relevant and updated the setting of hospital services, while remaining efficient for healthcare professionals.
Instrument for evaluating care given by undergraduate nursing students to people with wounds
Authors: Costa Roberta Kaliny de Souza , Torres Gilson de Vasconcelos , Salvetti Marina de Góes , Azevedo Isabelle Campos de , Costa Maria Antônia Teixeira da
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to present the process of construction and validation of an instrument for evaluating the care provided to people with wounds, to be used with undergraduate nursing students. METHOD Methodological study, with quantitative approach, using the Delphi technique in two rounds, the first with 30 judges and the second with 18. The analysis was made with Kappa coefficient ≥0.80, and content validity index greater than >0.80, also using the Wilcoxon test for comparison of the indices between the rounds. RESULTS It was found that of the 20 categories of the instrument, 18 presented better scores in the second Delphi round. Scores were greater in the second round in seven of the ten evaluation categories. CONCLUSION Based on the evaluation by the judges, a version of the instrument was defined with adequate indices of agreement and validity, which will be able to help in evaluating care of people with cutaneous injury given by undergraduate nursing students.
Usability of computerized nursing process from the ICNP® in intensive care units
Authors: Barra Daniela Couto Carvalho , Sasso Grace Teresinha Marcon Dal , Almeida Sônia Regina Wagner de
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE To analyze the usability of Computerized Nursing Process (CNP) from the ICNP® 1.0 in Intensive Care Units in accordance with the criteria established by the standards of the International Organization for Standardization and the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards of systems. METHOD This is a before-and-after semi-experimental quantitative study, with a sample of 34 participants (nurses, professors and systems programmers), carried out in three Intensive Care Units. RESULTS The evaluated criteria (use, content and interface) showed that CNP has usability criteria, as it integrates a logical data structure, clinical assessment, diagnostics and nursing interventions. CONCLUSION The CNP is a source of information and knowledge that provide nurses with new ways of learning in intensive care, for it is a place that provides complete, comprehensive, and detailed content, supported by current and relevant data and scientific research information for Nursing practices.
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies: an integrative review of the literature
Authors: Costa Talita Cassanta , Lopes Miriam , Anjos Anna Cláudia Yokoyama dos , Zago Marcia Maria Fontão
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE: To identify scientific studies and to deepen the knowledge of peripheral neuropathies induced by chemotherapy antineoplastic, seeking evidence for assistance to cancer patients. METHOD: Integrative review of the literature conducted in the databases Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Medical Literature Analysis (PubMed/MEDLINE), the Cochrane Library and the Spanish Bibliographic Index Health Sciences (IBECS). RESULTS: The sample consisted of 15 studies published between 2005-2014 that met the inclusion criteria. Studies showed aspects related to advanced age, main symptoms of neuropathy and chemotherapy agents as important adverse effect of neuropathy. CONCLUSION: We identified a small number of studies that addressed the topic, as well as low production of evidence related to interventions with positive results. It is considered important to develop new studies proposed for the prevention and/or treatment, enabling adjustment of the patient's cancer chemotherapy and consequently better service.
Scrotal collections: pictorial essay correlating sonographic with magnetic resonance imaging findings
Authors: Resende Daniel de Almeida Queiroz Prata , Souza Luís Ronan Marquez Ferreira de , Monteiro Isabela de Oliveira , Caldas Marcel Henrique de Souza
Published: May 2015

The present study is aimed at describing scrotal collections observed at ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. The authors describe the main features of hydrocele, hematocele and pyocele, as well as the most common causes, clinical manifestations and associated diseases, with a brief review of the embryology and anatomy of the scrotum. Collections are frequently found in the evaluation of the scrotum, which is often performed on an emergency basis, and in most cases can be differentiated by means of imaging studies. With the consolidation of magnetic resonance imaging as the method of choice complementary with ultrasonography, the authors also describe magnetic resonance imaging findings of scrotal collections as well as the situations where such method is indicated.
La Educación en las constituciones de los países del Cono Sur americano
Authors: Llorent-Bedmar Vicente , Llorent-Vaquero Mercedes
Published: May 2015

Resumen La constitución de cada Estado define el régimen básico de los derechos y libertades de sus ciudadanos, a la vez que rige la organización y el desarrollo del mismo régimen, articulando su propio sistema de convivencia, y configurándose como la guía reguladora de normas sociales, familiares y educativas. Las constituciones rigen dos de los ámbitos más importantes para la transformación/consolidación de nuestras sociedades: el familiar y el educativo. Las constituciones de los países estudiados -Argentina, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay- no sólo reconocen el alto valor que la familia representa para el Estado y la sociedad, sino que además la favorecen y protegen. Establecen los derechos básicos de las familias y, al mismo tiempo, imponen al propio Estado obligaciones que acaban beneficiándolas. Desde un punto de vista teleológico observamos cómo, en todas ellas, a través de la educación, se pretende el desarrollo de la personalidad humana, haciendo especial hincapié en los aspectos morales.
A expansão no Ensino Superior a Distância em Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de 2000 a 2012
Authors: Araujo Carla Busato Zandavalli Maluf de
Published: May 2015

Resumo Neste artigo, buscou-se analisar a forma da expansão dos cursos de graduação a distância, no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), bem como caracterizar os tipos de cursos de graduação ofertados na modalidade a distância, nas instituições públicas e privadas, em Mato Grosso do Sul, e verificar o acesso e a equidade da oferta de cursos, nas diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Foram efetivadas, até o momento, duas etapas da pesquisa, abrangendo o levantamento da expansão dos cursos de graduação a distância, no Brasil e em Mato Grosso do Sul, de 2000 a 2012, por meio da análise dos dados do Censo da Educação Superior, atos normativos, informações nas bases oficiais do MEC e dados institucionais. Parte-se da perspectiva de que a expansão analisada está condicionada pelos aspectos macroeconômicos e pela forma de organização do Estado brasileiro, em face às determinações do capital. Os resultados obtidos apontam para o fato de que o ingresso aos cursos de graduação foi efetivamente instituído, com a oferta de cursos em todas as microrregiões do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, mas, de forma mais significativa, em instituições privadas e concentrada em poucas áreas de conhecimento, o que não caracteriza a efetiva democratização do acesso.
Teste Adaptativo Computadorizado Multidimensional com propósitos educacionais: princípios e métodos
Authors: Piton-Gonçalves Jean , Aluísio Sandra Maria
Published: May 2015

Resumo O Teste Adaptativo Computadorizado Multidimensional (MCAT), baseado na Teoria de Resposta ao Item Multidimensional (MIRT), considera as múltiplas habilidades do examinado em testes educacionais. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo: (i) traz subsídios teóricos e metodológicos sobre MCATs com propósitos educacionais e (ii) aborda vantagens e desvantagens da aplicação em cenários educacionais. A revisão da literatura aponta que o MCAT é adequado para testes computadorizados com múltiplas habilidades, administrando um número menor de itens do que os testes tradicionais.
Effects of replacement of binder content on bond strength of mortars
Authors: Costa E. B. C. , Damineli B. L. , Freitas V. B. , John V. M.
Published: May 2015

The reduction of binder content in cementitious systems is an effective way to mitigate environmental impacts without increasing costs. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of content binder on bond strength of mortar-brick interface. For thus, it was studied mortars produced with two limestone fines with different particle size distribution. The limestone fines were added at rates of 0% to 60% at increments of 15% as partial volume replacement of binder. Mortars were prepared in proportion of 1:3 (binder + limestone: sand) in volume. The water content was kept constant and equal to 18% in relation to total weight of solids. The mechanical property of mortars was evaluated by tensile strength and the performance of interface by bond strength tests at 14 days. Results indicate that is possible make mortars with 45% less than binder without reducing bond strength. Thus, the use of appropriate particles of limestone can produce more environmentally friendly concrete and rendering mortars by reducing its binder factor without affecting its performance.
Analysis of the behavior of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with sleeve wedge bolts and a self compacting concrete layer
Authors: Marques M. G. , Liserre A. P. A. R. , Gomes R. B. , Guimarães G. N.
Published: May 2015

Strengthening of reinforced concrete columns by jacketing is one of the most common structural rehabilitation techniques in Brazil. For adequate performance, it is necessary, among others, to avoid detachment of the new concrete layer (strengthening material) from the old concrete substrate when the strengthened member is again in service conditions. This paper describes the test results of eight reinforced concrete rectangular columns subjected to combined compression and one-axis bending to evaluate the efficiency of using sleeve wedge bolts across the new concrete/old concrete interface to avoid detachment. The strengthening technique, in this case, consists of adding a layer of self-compacting concrete to one face of the column. Two columns tested were monolithic and named PO (original column) e PR (reference column). The other six columns were strengthened using a new 35 mm thick self-compacting concrete layer attached to the column face subjected to highest compressive stresses. Column PO had a 120mm by 250 mm rectangular cross section and its results gave information about column behavior without the use of strengthening. Column PR had a 155mm by 250 mm rectangular cross section and its cross section dimensions matched the strengthened columns but it was cast monolithically. To improve bond conditions between the existing concrete and the new concrete, the concrete surface was roughened and the outermost aggregate was exposed using hydro jetting. Holes along the concrete surface were made to insert the wedge bolts responsible for increasing the bond between the two concrete surfaces. The difference among the six strengthened columns was the position and amount of bolts used. Results indicate that the position and amount of the bolts alters significantly the strength capacity of the columns, since premature rupture by concrete detachment was delayed.
Structural assessment of a RC Bridge over Sororó river along the Carajás railway
Authors: Matos J. C. L. , Branco V. H. L. , Macêdo A. N. , Oliveira D. R. C.
Published: May 2015

The Carajás railway is operated by Vale SA and is used to transport the Brazilian production of iron ore mine located in the state of Pará until Itaqui harbor in Maranhão state. With 892 km in length, the railway will be doubled due to the prospect of increased production, which requires verification of the structures of bridges to ensure safety under loading up to 23% larger. The railway bridge in reinforced concrete has five hyperstatic spans with 25 m long and was built over Sororó river in the southeast of Pará. To better evaluate its structural performance under current loadings, several structural elements were monitored with strain gages and the concrete was characterized by non-destructive and destructive testing on the structure. This information was used in a computer model to estimate the future structural behavior. The methodology was satisfactory as the estimated structural performance for future loadings, meeting the recommendations of the Brazilian technical standards.
Numerical analysis of waffle slabs in flexure considering the effects of concrete cracking
Authors: Recalde B. R. B. , Gastal F. P. S. L. , Bessa V. R. D'A , Schwetz P. F.
Published: May 2015

Waffle slab structures simulated by computational model are generally analyzed by simplified methods, for both the section geometry (converting into solid slabs or grids) and for the material mechanical properties (linear elastic regime). Results obtained by those studies show large differences when compared with test results, even at low loading levels. This is mainly due to lack of consideration of the eccentricity between the axis of the ribs and the cover, as well as the simplification of the mechanical behavior of concrete tensile strength. The so called more realistic numerical models do consider the effect of the eccentricity between the axis of the cover and ribs. One may also introduce physical nonlinearity of reinforced concrete in these models, obtaining results closer to tests. The objective of this work is to establish a numerical model for the typical section of waffle slabs given the recommendationslisted above. Such model considers the eccentricity between the axis of the ribs and the cover, the physical nonlinearity of concrete in compression and the concrete contribution between cracks (tension stiffening) through a smeared crack model. The finite element program SAP2000 version 16 is used for the non-linear analysis. The area element discretization uses the Shell Layered element along the thickness of layers, allowing for the heterogeneous material behavior of the reinforced concrete. The numerical model was validated comparing results with tests in slabs and, eventually, used to evaluate some waffle slabs subjected to excessive loading.
The Russian part of the human proteome project:first results and prospects
Authors: Ponomarenko E.A. , Zgoda V.G. , Kopylov A.T. , Poverennaya E.V. , Ilgisonis E.V. , Lisitsa A.V. , Archakov A.I.
Published: May 2015

The article summarizes the achievements of the pilot phase (2010-2014) of the Russian part of the international project “Human Proteome” and identifies the directions for further work on the study of the human chromosome 18 proteome in the framework of the project main phase (2015-2022). The pilot phase of the project was focused on the detection of at least one protein for each chromosome 18 protein-coding gene in three types of the biological material. The application of mass spectrometric detection of proteins by the methods of multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) and gene-centric approach made it possible to detect 95% of master forms of proteins, for 60% of which the quantitative assessment of the protein content was obtained in at least one type of the biological material. The task of the main phase of the project is to measure the proteome size of healthy individuals, taking into account the modified protein forms, providing for both the bioinformatics prediction of the quantity of proteins types and the selective experimental measurement of single proteoforms. Since the ranges of protein concentrations corresponding to the normal physiological state have not been identified, the work of the main phase of the project is focused on the study of clinically healthy individuals. The absence of these data complicates significantly the interpretation of the patients’ blood proteomic profiles and prevents creating diagnostic tests. In the long term prospect, implementation of the project envisages development of a diagnostic test system based on multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) for quantitative measurement of the protein forms associated with some diseases. Development of such test systems will allow predicting the extent of risk of different diseases, diagnosing a disease at its early stage and monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment.
Physico-chemical methods for studing beta-amyloid aggregation
Authors: Radko S.P. , Khmeleva S.A. , Suprun E.V. , Kozin S.A. , Bodoev N.V. , Makarov A.A. , Archakov A.I. , Shumyantseva V.V.
Published: May 2015

Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative pathology. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, a key event of the Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is a transition of the b-amyloid peptide (Аb) from the monomeric form to the aggregated state. The mechanism of Аb aggregation is intensively studied in vitro, by means of synthetic peptides and various physico-chemical methods allowing evaluation of size, molecular structure, and morphology of the formed aggregates. The paper reviews both the well-known and recently introduced physico-chemical methods for analysis of Аb aggregation, including microscopу, optical and fluorescent methods, method of electron paramagnetic resonance, electrochemical and electrophoretic methods, gel-filtration, and mass spectrometric methods. Merits and drawbacks of the methods are discussed. The unique possibility to simultaneously observe Аb monomers as well oligomers and large aggregates by means of atomic force microscopy or fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is emphasized. The high detection sensitivity of the latter method, monitoring the aggregation process in Аb solutions at low peptide concentrations is underlined. Among mass spectrometric methods, the ion mobility mass spectrometry is marked out as a method enabling to obtain information about both the spectrum of Аb oligomers and their structure. It is pointed out that the use of several methods giving the complementary data about Аb aggregates is the best experimental approach to studying the process of b-amyloid peptide aggregation in vitro.
Pharmacological agents and transport nanosystems based on plant phospholipids
Authors: Medvedeva N.V. , Prosorovskiy V.N. , Ignatov D.V. , Druzilovskaya O.S. , Kudinov V.A. , Kasatkina E.O. , Tikhonova E.G. , Ipatova O.M.
Published: May 2015

A new generation of plant phosphatidylcholine (PC)-based pharmacological agents has been developed under academician A.I. Archakov leadership at the Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC). For their production a unique technology allowing to obtain dry lyophilized phospholipid nanoparticles of 30 nm was elaborated. The successful practical application of PC nanoparticles as a drug agent may be illustrated by Phosphogliv (oral and injection formulations). Being developed at IBMC for the treatment of liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, Phosphogliv (currently marketed by the “Pharmstandard” company) is approved for clinical application in 2000, and is widely used in medical practice. Based on the developed and scaled in IBMC technology of prerparation of ultra small size phospholipid nanoparticles without the use of detergents/surfactants and stabilizers another drug preparation, Phospholipovit, exhibiting pronounced hypolipidemic properties has been obtained. Recently completed preclinical studies have shown that PC nanoparticles of 20-30 nm activate reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and in this context it is more active than well known foreign preparation Essentiale. Phospholipovit is now at the stage of clinical trials (phase 1 completed). PC was also used as a basis for the development of a transport nanosystem with a particles size of 20-25 nm in diameter and incorporation of various drug substances from various therapeutic groups. Using several drugs substances as an example, increased bioavailability and specific activity were demonstrated for the formulations equipped with such transport nanosystem. Formulations equipped with the transport nanosystems have been developed for such pharmacological agents as doxorubicin, rifampin, budesonide, chlorin E6, prednisone, and others.
Way to the peptide vaccine against hepatitis C
Authors: Kolesanova E.F. , Sobolev B.N. , Moysa A.A. , Egorova E.A. , Archakov A.I.
Published: May 2015

In order to surpass the problem of genetic variability of hepatitis C virus envelope proteins during vaccine development, we used the so-called “reverse vaccinology”approach – “from genome to vaccine”. Database of HCV protein sequences was designed, viral genome analysis was performed, and several highly conserved sites were revealed in HCV envelope proteins in the framework of this approach. These sites demonstrated low antigenic activity in full-size proteins and HCV virions: antibodies against these sites were not found in all hepatitis C patients. However, two sites, which contained a wide set of potential T-helper epitope motifs, were revealed among these highly conserved ones. We constructed and prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis several artificial peptide constructs composed of two linker-connected highly conserved HCV envelope E2 protein sites; one of these sites contained a set of T-helper epitope motifs. Experiments on laboratory animals demonstrated that the developed peptide constructs manifested immunogenicity compared with one of protein molecules and were able to raise antibodies, which specifically bound HCV envelope proteins. We succeeded in obtaining antibodies reactive with HCV from hepatitis C patient plasma upon the immunization with some constructs. An original preparation of a peptide vaccine against hepatitis C is under development on the basis of these peptide constructs.
Sedentary Behavior as a Risk Factor for Physical Frailty Independent of Moderate Activity: Results From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Song Jing , Lindquist Lee A. , Chang Rowland W. , Semanik Pamela A. , Ehrlich-Jones Linda S. , Lee Jungwha , Sohn Min-Woong , Dunlop Dorothy D.
Published: May 2015

Objectives. This prospective longitudinal study investigated the association between baseline objectively measured sedentary time and 2-year onset of physical frailty.

Methods. We studied 1333 Osteoarthritis Initiative participants 55 to 83 years of age who were at risk for physical frailty, as assessed via low gait speed (< 0.6 m per second) or inability to perform a single chair stand. Baseline sedentary time was assessed through accelerometer monitoring. Hazard ratios (HRs) for physical frailty onset were estimated with discrete survival methods that controlled for moderate physical activity, sociodemographic characteristics, baseline gait and chair stand functioning, and health factors.

Results. The incidence of physical frailty in this high-risk group was 20.7 per 1000 person-years. Greater baseline sedentary time (adjusted HR = 1.36 per sedentary hour; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02, 1.79) was significantly related to incident physical frailty after control for time spent in moderate-intensity activities and other covariates.

Conclusions. Our prospective data demonstrated a strong relationship between daily sedentary time and development of physical frailty distinct from insufficient moderate activity. Interventions that promote reductions in sedentary behaviors in addition to increases in physical activity may help decrease physical frailty onset.
Sexual Orientation and Risk of Pregnancy Among New York City High-School Students
Authors: Lindley Lisa L. , Walsemann Katrina M.
Published: May 2015

Objectives. We examined associations between sexual orientation and pregnancy risk among sexually experienced New York City high-school students.

Methods. We analyzed data from 2005, 2007, and 2009 New York City Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. We excluded students who had never engaged in sexual intercourse, only had same-gender sexual partners, or had missing data on variables of interest, resulting in a final sample of 4892 female and 4811 male students. We employed multivariable logistic regression to examine pregnancy risk by sexual orientation, measured as self-reported sexual identity and gender of sexual partners, with adjustment for demographics and sexual behaviors. We stratified analyses by gender.

Results. Overall, 14.3% of female and 10.8% of male students had experienced a pregnancy. Students who identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual or reported both male and female sexual partners had higher odds of pregnancy than heterosexual students or students who only had opposite-gender sexual partners. Sexual behaviors accounted for higher odds of pregnancy among female, but only partially accounted for higher odds of pregnancy involvement among male, sexual-minority students.

Conclusions. Sexual orientation should be considered in future adolescent pregnancy-prevention efforts, including the design of pregnancy-prevention interventions.
Cautionary Notes on a Global Tiered Pricing Framework for Medicines
Authors: Williams Owain D. , Ooms Gorik , Hill Peter S.
Published: May 2015

Recently, there has been a policy momentum toward creating a global tiered pricing framework, which would provide differentiated prices for medicines globally, based on each country’s capacity to pay.

We studied the most influential proposals for a tiered pricing framework since the 1995 World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. We synthesized 6 critical questions to be addressed for a global framework to function and explored the many challenges of implementation.

Although we acknowledge that there is the potential for an exceptional global commitment that would benefit both producers and those in developing countries in need of wider access to medicines, our greatest concern is to ensure that a global framework does not price out the poor from pharmaceutical markets nor threaten current flexibilities within the international patent regime.
Transit Use, Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index Changes: Objective Measures Associated With Complete Street Light-Rail Construction
Authors: Brown Barbara B. , Werner Carol M. , Tribby Calvin P. , Miller Harvey J. , Smith Ken R.
Published: May 2015

Objectives. We assessed effects on physical activity (PA) and weight among participants in a complete street intervention that extended a light-rail line in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Methods. Participants in the Moving Across Places Study resided within 2 kilometers of the new line. They wore accelerometers and global positioning system (GPS) loggers for 1 week before and after rail construction. Regression analyses compared change scores of participants who never rode transit with continuing, former, and new riders, after adjustment for control variables (total n = 537).

Results. New riders had significantly more accelerometer-measured counts per minute than never-riders (P < .01), and former riders had significantly fewer (P < .01). New riders lost (P < .05) and former riders gained (P < .01) weight. Former riders lost 6.4 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) per 10 hours of accelerometer wear (P < .01) and gained 16.4 minutes of sedentary time (P < .01). New riders gained 4.2 MVPA minutes (P < .05) and lost 12.8 (P < .05) sedentary minutes per 10 hours accelerometer wear.

Conclusions. In light of the health benefits of transit ridership in the complete street area, research should address how to encourage more sustained ridership.
Initiation of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Predominantly Minority Female and Male Adolescents at Inner-City Community Health Centers
Authors: Btoush Rula M. , Brown Diane R. , Fogarty Sushanna , Carmody Dennis P.
Published: May 2015

Objectives. We examined the prevalence and correlates of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation among adolescents in low-income, urban areas.

Methods. The study consisted of electronic health record data on HPV vaccination for 3180 adolescents (aged 10–20 years) at a multisite community health center in 2011.

Results. Only 27% initiated the HPV vaccine. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of HPV vaccination was lower among older adolescents (AOR = 0.552; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.424, 0.718) and those seen by nonpediatric health care providers (HCPs; AOR = 0.311; 95% CI = 0.222, 0.435), and higher among non-English speakers (AOR = 1.409; 95% CI = 1.134, 1.751) and those seen at 2 site locations (AOR = 1.890; 95% CI = 1.547, 2.311). Insurance status was significant only among female and Hispanic adolescents. Language was not a predictor among Hispanic adolescents. Across all analyses, the interaction of age and HCP specialty was associated with HPV vaccination. Dramatically lower HPV vaccination rates were found among older adolescents seen by nonpediatric HCPs (3%–5%) than among other adolescents (23%–45%).

Conclusions. Improving HPV vaccination initiation in low-income urban areas is critical to reducing disparities in cervical and other HPV-related cancer, especially among Black, Hispanic, and low-income populations.
Estimating the Number of Patients Infected With Chronic HCV in the United States Who Meet Highest or High-Priority Treatment Criteria
Authors: Xu Fujie , Leidner Andrew J. , Tong Xin , Holmberg Scott D.
Published: May 2015

We estimated the number of people infected with HCV in the United States who would qualify for immediate treatment according to the 2014 guidance.

We based fibrosis stage on biopsy results, when available, or on FIB-4 scores. We used laboratory tests and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes to determine if patients had any qualifying comorbidities.

Of the 2.7 million people with HCV infection, we assumed that 1.35 million (50%) had been diagnosed. We estimated 457 000 met the highest and 356 000 the high-priority criteria for treatment, indicating that as many as 813 000 people could be treated immediately with new therapies. These estimates can inform planning efforts to address clinical capacity constraints and treatment costs.
Vascular Malformations Corresponding to Sclerotomes in Multifocal Melorheostosis: Painful Hip and Knee Contractures Treated with Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Shin Sung-Jin , Nam Uk , Kim Sang-Rim , Kim Hee Joong , Dimitriou Dimitris , Li Guoan , Kwon Young-Min , Rubash Harry , Nam Kwang Woo
Published: May 2015

Case:

A forty-three-year-old male patient complained of difficulty walking due to severe hip and knee pain and stiffness, which had persisted for twenty years. He was found to have multifocal melorheostosis involving the axial skeleton and the entire left lower limb, along with complex vascular and lymphatic malformations corresponding to the sclerotomes related to the skeletal anomalies. Total hip and knee arthroplasties were performed. He was eventually free of pain during walking, and joint motion of the hip and knee was substantially improved after surgery.

Conclusion:

Hip and knee pain and contracture resulting from multifocal melorheostosis were successfully treated with total hip and knee arthroplasty.
Use of Water Vapor Desorption Data in the Determination of Capillary Pressures
Authors: Melrose J. C.
Published: May 2015

The equilibrium conditions applicable to a single liquid phase held by capillary forces within the pore space of a reservoir rock sample are reviewed. It is shown that, if the conditions for both chemical and capillary equilibrium are satisfied, an extended form of the classical Kelvin relationship is obtained. Using available thermodynamic data, it is also shown that the classical form of the Kelvin relationship can be used to compute air/brine capillary pressures for core plug samples. Experi-mentally, it is only necessary to allow such samples to reach equilibrium in a constant vapor pressure environment. Thus, the conventional methods for determining capillary pressures can be usefully supplemented by vapor phase desorption experiments. Although such experiments require relatively long equilibration times, they are simple to perform and are free from the difficulties common to other methods. A convenient way to establish a constant vapor pressure environment is to use saturated solutions of such salts as BaCl2, KNO3, and K2SO4. The available vapor pressure data for these solutions are reviewed and tabulated. Using these data Kelvin capillary pressures are calculated for a range of NaCl brine compositions and a range of temperatures. Some preliminary data using this technique are reported for a pair of matched Berea core plugs of approximately 10 cm3 pore volume.
Future Applications of Expert Systems for the Evaluation of Energy Resources
Authors: Miller B. M.
Published: May 2015

The loss of professional experience and expertise in the domain of the earth sciences may prove to be one of the most serious outcomes of the boom-and-bust cyclic nature of the volatile energy and mining industries. Promising new applications of powerful computer systems, known as "expert systems" or "knowledge-based systems", are predicted for use in the earth sciences. These systems have the potential capability to capture and preserve the invaluable knowledge bases essential to the evaluation of the Nation's energy and mineral resources.
MOLES3: Implementing an ISO standards driven data catalogue
Authors: Parton Graham A , Donegan Steven , Pascoe Stephen , Stephens Ag , Ventouras Spiros , Lawrence Bryan N
Published: May 2015

ISO19156 Observations and Measurements (O&M) provides a standardised framework for organising information about the collection of information about the environment.Â  Here we describe the implementation of a specialisation of O&M for environmental data, the Metadata Objects for Linking Environmental Sciences (MOLES3).MOLES3 provides support for organising information about data, and for user navigation around data holdings. The implementation described here, â€œCEDA-MOLESâ€, also supports data management functions for the Centre for Environmental Data Archival, CEDA. The previous iteration of MOLES (MOLES2) saw active use over five years, being replaced by CEDA-MOLES in late 2014. During that period important lessons were learnt both about the information needed, as well as how to design and maintain the necessary information systems. In this paper we review the problems encountered in MOLES2; how and why CEDA-MOLES was developed and engineered; the migration of information holdings from MOLES2 to CEDA-MOLES; and, finally, provide an early assessment of MOLES3 (as implemented in CEDA-MOLES) and its limitations.Key drivers for the MOLES3 development included the necessity for improved data provenance, for further structured information to support ISO19115 discovery metadataÂ  export (for EU INSPIRE compliance), and to provide appropriate fixed landing pages for Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) in the presence of evolving datasets. Key lessons learned included the importance of minimising information structure in free text fields, and the necessity to support as much agility in the information infrastructure as possible without compromising on maintainability both by those using the systems internally and externally (e.g. citing in to the information infrastructure), and those responsible for the systems themselves. The migration itself needed to ensure continuity of service and traceability of archived assets.
Adjustment of L1 neurosecretory neuron activity in response to different stressors in gypsy moth caterpillars
Authors: Ilijin Larisa , Mrdakovic Marija , Peric-Mataruga Vesna , Lazarevic Jelica , Matic Dragana , Todorovic Dajana , Vlahovic Milena
Published: May 2015

Gypsy moth caterpillars were exposed to an increased rearing temperature of
35?C and diet, supplemented with Cd, a heavy metal pollutant, and tannic
acid, a plant secondary metabolite. After 3 days? exposure to stressors,
changes in the number, morphometric parameters of L1 neurosecretory neurons
(nsn) (sizes of the nsn and their nuclei), and the quantity of neurosecretory
material in the cytoplasm of the neurons were estimated. Acute exposure to
the high temperature of 35?C induced increases in the number of L1 nsn, their
size and the size of their nuclei with prolonged exposure time. After acute
exposure to different Cd concentrations, the number of L1 nsn was reduced,
their size increased and the size of their nuclei decreased. Together with
the enhanced relative density of the cytoplasm, our results point to an
intensive synthesis and retention of neurosecretory material in the neurons.
The relative density of the neurosecretory material in the cytoplasm
increased at the thermal treatment, suggesting intensive synthesis and
secretory activity in L1 nsn. Caterpillars reared on an artificial substrate
with the addition of high concentrations of tannic acid (TA) showed a
decreased number of nsn, increased cell size and decreased size of their
nuclei. The reduction in the relative density of the cytoplasm led us to
conclude that this treatment induced a high synthetic activity of L1 nsn.
Prince Lichnowsky’s memorandum as a source for determining the responsibility for the outbreak of the First World War
Authors: Djuric Djordje
Published: May 2015

Prince Karl Max Lichnowsky was a German ambassador in London from 1912 to
1914. He was one of the most important direct participants of the July Crisis
which led to the outbreak of the First World War. This document was written
in 1916 and secretly delivered to the German military and political supreme
authorities. It came into possession of Swedish socialists and they published
it, first in English and then in all other European languages. This document
explicitly attributes the responsibility for the outbreak of the war to the
German political and social circles. It accuses them of instigating Austria-
Hungary to attack Serbia. The Germans declined and undermined solemn
interventions to evade the war. Also, this document briefly describes the
German imperialistic politics in the decade before the War and indicates that
these politics have inevitably led to the confrontation with Great Britain,
Russia and France. Assassination in Sarajevo is indicated as a motive but
little attention is paid to it (Gavrilo Princip is not even mentioned at
all). During the Paris Peace Conference (in Versailles), this document was
used as one of the important arguments to declare Germany guilty of starting
the war. Western press wrote a great deal about it and it was given a lot of
credit. Also, this memorandum was often disputed during the debate in German
politics and historiography in the 1920s and the 1930s on the war
accountability (Kriegsschuldsfrage), but it was often quoted by German
opponents.
Sports role models in elementary school students
Authors: Djordjic Visnja , Tubic Tatjana
Published: May 2015

Due to the importance of role models in youth and media coverage of athletes,
the aim of this research was to analyze the significance and characteristics
of sports role models and the existence of gender patterns in elementary
school students. Research sample consisted of 468 students aged 11-15. Sports
role models were analyzed using a modified questionnaire of Adriansee &
Crosswhite [2008]. Research results indicated that most respondents (80.8%)
had role models. Role models belong to different domains with the highest
proportion of famous athletes (31.5%) and family members (30.4%). Gender of
the respondents was significantly correlated with selection of the role
model, with sports role models being selected more often by males (49.2%)
than by females (22.5%). Within the category of sports role models, famous
athletes were highly predominant (88.1%), and most of them were males and
foreign sports stars. Since adolescence is a period when future preferences
for physical activities are developed, it is important to exploit all
possible ways of supporting the youth to develop a healthy life style, where
sports role models can have a significant influence.
David Harvey’s contribution to urban sociology
Authors: Cvjetkovic Marija
Published: May 2015

David Harvey is a neo-Marxist theorist influential in many disciplines. This
paper analyses his specific use of Marx?s theory as a contribution to urban
sociology. Observing cities in the context of a constant need of capitalism
to overcome the problem of over-accumulation of capital, urbanization is seen
as an important factor of capitalist development. Methods of temporary
relocation and resolutions of capitalist contradictions, with the help of
so-called accumulation by dispossession, are intensified in neo-liberalism,
which is seen as a project for the restoration of class power. Therefore,
Harvey demands more equitable cities in which the interest of private capital
will not be the main factor of their shaping. Harvey?s Marxism is alluring,
but it is also the subject of numerous criticisms.