bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edukacja i nauczyciel – psychologiczne aspekty poznania społecznego
Authors: Karapuda Julia Magdalena
Published: April 2024

Proces poznania społecznego oraz zachowania interpersonalne są ze sobą nierozerwalnie związane i obejmują wszystkie obszary życia społecznego, m.in. edukację, co przybliżam w niniejszym artykule. Poznanie społeczne, dotyczące sposobu, w jaki ludzie myślą o sobie oraz o otaczającym świecie społecznym, jest procesem odgrywającym niezwykle istotną rolę w życiu każdego człowieka. Umożliwia nabywanie wiedzy i doświadczenia, a także orientację w codziennej rzeczywistości. Jest konieczny do formułowania sądów oraz podejmowania decyzji, będących warunkiem skutecznego działania. Wiedza o prawidłowościach kierujących poznaniem społecznym jest ważna w pracy wychowawczej, która opiera się na relacjach.
Orientacja pozytywna a postrzeganie pozytywnych zmian w funkcjonowaniu podczas pandemii COVID-19 wśród osób we wschodzącej dorosłości – moderacyjna rola resilience
Authors: Boczkowska Magdalena
Published: April 2024

Celem badania jest analiza związku pomiędzy orientacją pozytywną a postrzeganymi pozytywnymi zmianami w funkcjonowaniu podczas pandemii COVID-19 u osób we wschodzącej dorosłości przy uwzględnienieniu moderacyjnej roli resilience. Zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, w skład której wchodziły narzędzia: Skala Orientacji Pozytywnej, Skala Postrzeganych Pozytywnych Zmian w Funkcjonowaniu Studentów Podczas Pandemii COVID-19 oraz Skala Pomiaru Prężności. Stwierdzono wystąpienie istotnych statystycznie zależności pomiędzy badanymi zmiennymi. Ponadto uzyskane rezultaty wskazują, że resilience pełni moderacyjną rolę w związku między orientacją pozytywną a postrzeganymi pozytywnymi zmianami w funkcjonowaniu podczas pandemii COVID-19 u osób w okresie wschodzącej dorosłości. Zaprezentowane wyniki poszerzają dotychczasową wiedzę na temat pozytywnego adaptowania się osób we wschodzącej dorosłości. Wnioski z niniejszych badań mogą stanowić podstawę do projektowania działań wzmacniających potencjał jednostki i uwzględniających resilience.
Fragmentation of native vegetation in a watershed
Authors: Cessa Raphael Maia Aveiro , Medeiros Lustosa Junior Ilvan , Miranda Matias Renan Augusto
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to evaluate patterns of the fragmentation of native vegetation of the Upper São Bartolomeu River Watershed (USBRW) in the Federal District, Brazil, with an extension of 21,178.77 ha. The landscape metrics for the USBRW were drawn up after extracting the fragments of native vegetation, in shapefile format, from the vector map of land use and occupation, obtained in matrix format by unsupervised classification in the ArcMap 10.5 program. Images were acquired from the LANDSAT-1 and LANDSAT-8 satellites with pass dates of June 26, 1975, and September 3, 2020, referring to orbit/point 237/071 and 221/071, respectively. The USBRW native vegetation fragments were grouped for the years 1975 and 2020 using vector maps in area size classes. The landscape metrics were area (total core area, average fragment area, core area index and edge density), shape (mean perimeter-area ratio and mean shape indicator), and proximity (distance from nearest neighbor fragment given in meters and proximity index). According to the landscape metrics of the USBRW, it was found that continuous human activities for land use and occupation have led to the fragmentation of land into increasingly smaller portions. As a result, there has been a reduction in the size of fragments of native vegetation, making them less protected and more susceptible to the edge effect, with a lower degree of connectivity between them since they are further apart.
The climate and climatological water balance of Brazilian semi-arid mountainous areas and inland depression
Authors: Luna Lucena Rebecca , Silva Alíbia Deysi Guedes da , Esteca Fernanda de Cássia Neves , Galvani Emerson
Published: April 2024

This research aimed to carry out a comparative climatic analysis between high-altitude areas and those located in the inland depression according to climatic indices of aridity. This analysis chose the following municipalities: the high-altitude Guaramiranga/CE, Campos Sales/CE, Lagoa Nova/RN, Martins/RN, Monteiro/PB, Areia/PB, Triunfo/PE and Garanhuns/PE and the low-altitude Crateús/CE, Sobral/CE, Mossoró/RN, Caicó/RN, São Gonçalo/PB, Patos/PB, Petrolina/PE, and Cabrobó/PE. In order to gather both the climate analysis & its agricultural suitability, it was necessary to apply climatic indices of aridity and water availability for vegetation. The time series spanned from 1981 to 2010 and included precipitation and air temperature data and estimates of potential evapotranspiration. Data were obtained from the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. This study found a marked difference between the climatic conditions in elevated areas and those in lower altitudes in the Brazilian semi-arid, especially on water deficit and the prevailing high temperatures in the inland depression. Mountainous areas generally have a more humid climate than the depression due to orographic effects. However, this condition is not the rule due to the influence of other geographical factors of the climate. This study also observed that higher areas have a more climatically favorable conditions for the natural development of vegetation (and, therefore, for potential agricultural activities) than lower areas.
Effect of Uncontrolled Type-II Diabetes Mellitus and Its Duration on Nerve Conduction Parameters in Adult Sudanese Patients in Khartoum State
Authors: Awad Kamal , Abdalgadir Ahmed , Osman Asim , Saeed Mohammed , Osman Makawi
Published: April 2024

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a serious complication of diabetes, which has socioeconomic consequences as well as a reduced quality of life. Early neuropathic process recognition and management could alter its course and considerably reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. This study determines the effect of long-term glycemic control on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Methods: A hospital-based study was carried out at the National Centre of Neurosciences and Ibrahim Malik Hospital in Khartoum. All individuals who were older than 18 years and have had T2DM for less than 10 years were recruited. Using accepted techniques, the BMI, HbA1c level, and nerve conduction studies (NCS) were measured. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 25.0 software. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Of the 95 patients with T2DM, 52 were male patients. Our findings showed that as the duration of diabetes increased, the sensory velocity reduced from 64.07 ± 3.22 to 54.00 ± 5.34 and the motor nerve from 63.39 ± 2.38 to 53.87 ± 2.08 (P = 0.05, P = 0.003, respectively). Additionally, with increased duration of diabetes, a significant decrease was seen in both motor nerve amplitude from 8.79 ± 3.11 to 6.94 ± 1.84 (P = 0.05) and sensory nerve amplitude from 25.71 ± 5.70 to 19.51 ± 6.51 (P = 0.003). Also, all parameters of NCS (velocity and amplitude) decreased when Hb A1c was >6 – sensory velocity from 63.96 ± 2.36 to 55.49 ± 2.43 (P = 0.03) and motor velocity from 63.00 ± 2.59 to 51.44 ± 1.66 (P = 0.02). And sensory amplitude decreased from 26.91 ± 1.26 to 20.85 ± 2.1 (P = 0.05), while motor amplitude decreased from 6.88 ± 3.55 to 6.61 ± 3.29 (P = 0.05). Additionally, there is a substantial (P = 0.05) correlation between sensory and motor amplitudes and the BMI.
Conclusion: High BMI and poorly controlled (high HbA1c) long-term diabetes had a negative impact on all nerve conduction study parameters.
Integrated Whole Exome and Transcriptome Sequencing in Cholesterol Metabolism in Melanoma: Systematic Review
Authors: Mahmoud Nour Eldin Mohammed , Ahmed Nasif Wesam , Ahmed Nasif Wesam , Ahmed Amin Amr , Modawe GadAllah , Babakr Abdullatif Taha
Published: April 2024

Background: Melanoma is a highly malignant form of skin cancer that exhibits remarkable metabolic adaptability. Melanoma cells exhibit the capacity to adapt to specific conditions of the tumor microenvironment through the utilization of diverse energy sources, thereby facilitating the growth and advancement of the tumor. One of the notable characteristics of metabolic reprogramming is the heightened rate of lipid synthesis. This review was conducted to illustrate how the integration of whole exom and transcriptome sequencing will enhance the detection of the effect of cholesterol metabolism in melanoma.
Methods: The Cochrane database, Embase, PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, Ovid, and other databases were thoroughly searched for works addressing integrated whole exome and transcriptome sequencing in cholesterol metabolism in melanoma. Skin malignancy, melanoma progression, transcriptome sequencing, whole exome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing by RNA sequencing, and integrated transcriptome and whole exome sequencing were the key phrases employed. This article underwent a phased search for pertinent literature using a staged literature search methodology. Each section’s relevant papers were identified and summarized independently. The results have been condensed and narratively given in the pertinent sections of this thorough assessment.
Results: DNA-based analysis has proven to be ineffective in identifying numerous mutations that have an impact on splicing or gene expression. RNA-Sequencing, when combined with suitable bioinformatics, offers a reliable method for detecting supplementary mutations that aid in the genetic diagnosis of geno-dermatoses. Therefore, clinical RNA-Sequencing expands the scope of molecular diagnostics for rare genodermatoses, and it has the potential to serve as a dependable initial diagnostic method for expanding mutation databases in individuals with inheritable skin conditions.
Conclusion: The integration of patient-specific tumor RNA-sequencing and tumor DNA whole-exome sequencing (WES) would potentially enhance mutation detection capabilities compared to relying solely on DNA-WES.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding COVID-19 Skin Manifestations among Doctors Working at Khartoum Dermatology and Venereology Teaching Hospital, 2021
Authors: Kabashe Naaila , Hassan Hamid El Hassan Suad , Ali Rezigalla Assad
Published: April 2024

Background: COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by SARS_COV2. The symptoms of covid-19 include: fever, dyspnea, fatigue, a recent loss of smell and taste, sore throat, cough, and cutaneous lesions. In addition, some skin manifestations were reported to be associated with COVID-19.
Methods: The study design is a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study. The study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge and practice about skin manifestations of COVID-19 among doctors working at Khartoum dermatology and venereology teaching hospital. A self-administrated questionnaire was used for data collection after an informed consent was taken.
Results: Among 140 doctors working in the dermatology and venereology teaching hospital, 75.7% of the doctors had knowledge that COVID-19 can present with skin manifestations. The study results showed that about half of the participants have poor knowledge about COVID-19 skin manifestations while 25% have no knowledge, and that 35 (25%) doctors have good knowledge. From a total of 140 doctors; 46.4% reported that when patients present with COVID-19 skin lesions, they will isolate them in separate rooms and call the epidemiology center, whereas, 61 doctors (43.6%) did not know if they have a protocol for COVID-19 suspected cases. This study reported a significant association between job category and level of knowledge toward COVID-19 skin manifestations measured by Chi-square test, the P-value was 0.003 (significant at 0.05), and the same significant association was found between the year of rotation and knowledge.
Conclusion: Half of the doctors covered by this study had poor knowledge about COVID-19 skin manifestations, and therefore, educating doctors in dermatology hospitals about skin manifestations of COVID-19 is recommended, besides clear and precise guidelines and protocols for diagnosis and management.
Health Ramifications and Recovery Avenues for Sudan’s April 2023 Armed Conflict: A Review
Authors: Al Sadig Al Mahdi Tahra , Fahal A. H. , El Mardi Abdelmuniem S.
Published: April 2024

Background: Sudan’s history is marred by ongoing sociopolitical challenges, with deep cultural divisions fueling numerous wars. A new conflict erupted on April 15, 2023, pushing the country closer to a full-scale civil war. This war has severely crippled Sudan’s already fragile healthcare system, rendering 70% of hospitals in combat zones nonoperational, causing 12,000 deaths, thousands of injuries, and leaving 11 million in dire need of healthcare. More than seven million people are displaced, half of which are children, and are facing severe health challenges, especially vulnerable groups. Heath situation is threatening with unchecked spread of outbreaks of communicable diseases that were previously controlled and marked failure in meeting the health demands of patients with noncommunicable diseases, reproductive and child health issues, and people with serious conditions that require adequate follow-up. Moreover, the projections threaten with more catastrophic consequences including famine, environmental destruction, and further displacement of people. This review article highlights the urgency of the situation and explores potential solutions to enrich global understanding of crisis management.
Methods: To comprehensively assess the impact of the crisis and propose a way forward, we drew data by exploring search engines and databases such as Google, Humanitarian Agencies Websites, Google Scholer, and PubMed along with some relevant reports. The search terms included are “Sudan’s war”, “impact of war on healthcare systems”, and “Sudan’s armed conflicts”.
Results: More than 19 publications on the impact of the war on health in addition to periodic reports from international organizations and governmental authorities were reviewed.
Conclusion: Although all publications point to the gravity of the situation and the need for prompt response, this crisis offers a unique opportunity to rebuild Sudan’s struggling healthcare system with the principles of social accountability. Through domestic and international collaboration, this sector can become a model for similar nations, meeting the needs of its people and promoting sustainable development.
Navigating the Digital Divide in India: A Comprehensive Guide
Authors: Dubey Ashwani , Sinha Anushka , Raj Aditya
Published: April 2024

Purpose of the study: This paper attempts to gain insights into the manner in which the first-level digital divide contributes to the more pervasive second-level divide associated with the manner of and motivation for digital usage across social groups.
Methodology: The study used data from the Government of India’s NSS 75TH round survey (2017-18) on social consumption and education. Binary logistic regression is used as a statistical method that can estimate the probability of an outcome, such as affordability or accessibility, based on one or more predictor variables. 
Main Findings: Findings reveal that, for marginalized groups, class location plays an underlying role in propagating the first-level digital divide. Furthermore, when assessing the second-level divide in digital accessibility, socio-cultural factors perpetuate inequalities. The variable of gender shows that improved financial capacity to afford digital devices does not guarantee increased access to digital skills. Gender-based stereotypes act as deterrents, steering women away from engaging with computers.
Applications of this study: The research seeks to highlight digital exclusion among vulnerable communities, aiming to address this gap to fulfill the primary objective of the Sustainable Development Goal "Leaving No One Behind" and thereby contribute to the establishment of an equitable society.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Many existing studies rely on outdated data, prompting a need for a fresh perspective using updated datasets. This study seeks to investigate digital disparities within different segments of Indian society, utilizing recent data from a nationally representative survey. Given the absence of information on the digital divide at the second stage in India, this study addresses India’s digital inequality crisis by exclusively examining the first level, which revolves around the affordability and physical ownership of digital resources.
Overcoming challenges: the case of the young scientists in Africa
Authors: Allotey Joseph
Published: April 2024

Considerable progress has been made in the field of Science over the past thirty years. Development of Science and Technology is essential for advancement and welfare of any society. In this regard, young scientists in the world especially Africa should be encouraged to attain their full potential, not only in the area of research but more importantly in the dissemination of research findings to both the scientific community and the intended beneficiaries in terms of applied science. The need therefore for national, regional and international co-operation cannot be over emphasized.
Sobre dualismo cartesiano e análise do comportamento
Authors: Pessoti (in memorian) Isaías , Vilares João Eduardo Cattani
Published: April 2024

É notória a incompatibilidade entre o behaviorismo radical, monista, e o dualismo (mente-corpo). A obra de René Descartes (1596-1650) – o cartesianismo – tem sido associada ao dualismo mente-corpo. Essa suposição deriva possivelmente da utilização por Descartes, ao longo de sua obra, de palavras como “mente”, “espírito” e “alma”. É possível encontrar no manual do behaviorismo radical de Baum (1999/1994) asserções sobre tal incompatibilidade. Este artigo apresenta uma análise dos escritos originais de Descartes, com resultados que não demonstraram a priori a incompatibilidade apontada pelos behavioristas radicais, como Baum. Para Descartes, “mente” não é uma entidade imaterial, ou um “homúnculo” autor de ideias, ou um arquivo de conhecimentos e experiências, mas apenas a capacidade de aprender a pensar (comportar-se). O autor descreve a relação mente-corpo como indissociável.
Doktryna 'ultra vires' – odwrócenie integracji czy gwarancja jej trwałości?
Authors: Bober Lidia
Published: April 2024

Artykuł przedstawia źródła kontroli ultra vires. Podąża za ewolucją tej doktryny na przykładzie wybranych państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej oraz porównuje ich postawę wobec integracji europejskiej. Niektóre z podnoszonych przez państwa członkowskie argumentów mogą doprowadzić do pogodzenia odmiennych interesów. Inne świadczą o woli wybierania wyłącznie odpowiadających im zobowiązań.
Evaluación del desperdicio de alimentos: normas y acciones para fomentar la circularidad en Perú
Authors: Huiman Cruz Alberto
Published: April 2024

El crecimiento poblacional genera una mayor demanda alimenticia y, con ello, aumenta el desperdicio de alimentos. La lucha contra este problema inició en varios países con estrictas regulaciones que gestionan los residuos alimentarios: Perú ha realizado propuestas relacionadas con el aprovechamiento, sin embargo, resultaron ineficaces al evidenciarse cuantiosos desperdicios. El objetivo del artículo es analizar el manejo de residuos alimentarios en Perú y el mundo, tanto en normatividad y situación; para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica tomando en cuenta los lineamientos de circularidad en los alimentos. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran deficiencias en el marco regulatorio peruano y mundial, con excepción de Europa. Se constató que la generación de residuos alimentarios a nivel mundial es abundante, especialmente en el sector de hotelería, restaurantes y cafetería, siendo el tamaño de raciones el principal causante. Los países coinciden en la preocupación por el aumento de los residuos y buscan enmarcarse en el modelo de circularidad, en el caso de Perú, implica modificar y mejorar la regulación con la participación de actores involucrados. Ante ello, se propone una visión de sostenibilidad en la que intervienen el sector agrario, la economía local, la cadena de suministro, y la tecnología como factores que garantizan una industria alimentaria sostenible; así como las iniciativas legislativas que buscan la disminución de los residuos alimentarios.
Cosmopolitismo en América Latina, un recorrido histórico conceptual
Authors: Mota Aurea
Published: April 2024

En este artículo se desarrollan elementos claves para pensar que, a pesar de que los debates teóricos cosmopolitas han sido determinados por una conceptualización eurocéntrica, existe una tradición intelectual latinoamericana que de manera renovadora ha abogado por el cosmopolitismo como práctica política esencial para el mundo moderno. Para desarrollar el análisis sobre cómo se formó y transformó el imaginario cosmopolita en América Latina en los doscientos años transcurridos desde el proceso de emancipación colonial, se discutirán dos momentos históricos específicos, así como las principales tradiciones intelectuales que identificamos con respecto del cosmopolitismo. El primer momento que será discutido es el de la formación de los estados nacionales (siglo XIX). En un segundo momento, se toma como objeto de análisis la discusión sobre la «cuestión racial» y poscolonial que emergieron en América Latina durante el siglo XX. Aunque sea correcto decir que el sendero histórico trazado no alcanza a abarcar todos los momentos y pensamientos definidores del imaginario cosmopolita en la región, sin embargo, ofrecemos una síntesis que es capaz de sostener el argumento sobre el proceso de desarrollo histórico conceptual del imaginario cosmopolita en América Latina.
Asesoría para la mejora de las prácticas docentes: experiencias vividas en educación básica en un estado del sureste de México
Authors: Resendiz Melgar Norma Nélida
Published: April 2024

El objetivo del artículo es analizar experiencias vividas de asesoría técnico-pedagógica, en educación básica en un estado del sureste mexicano. Los asesores forman parte del personal de las supervisiones escolares, responsables de acompañar a los docentes en sus procesos de mejora educativa. La metodología es cualitativa y retoma elementos de la fenomenología para acceder a la comprensión profunda de la experiencia humana, a la vida cotidiana de la persona encarnada, situada en un contexto sociocultural e histórico, el cual vive de manera significativa. El análisis se orienta por la propuesta de Giorgi (2009), en el que la narrativa cobra un papel relevante, en tanto camino fundamental por el que las personas organizamos el mundo. Del análisis se obtuvieron cuatro tipos de intervención asesora: asesoría como búsqueda de sentido, asesoría como resignificación y transformación, asesoría como innovación, y asesoría como redención. Así, conforme la relación que el asesor tenga con el personal docente, los propósitos y dirección que dé a su trabajo, utilizará estrategias distintas. No obstante, los diferentes tipos de intervención tienen en común una visión cercana a la eficacia escolar. Se puede cuestionar, entonces, por la necesidad de resignificar la asesoría desde un enfoque crítico, que tome como marco el derecho a la educación y la inclusión educativa. Aunque, tales conclusiones deben considerar las limitantes del estudio, como que los asesores hayan sido los informantes clave.
Zur Sprache der sogenannten phraseologischen Wortverbindungen in juristischen Texten am Beispiel des Ausdrucks „die juristische Person“
Authors: Szubert Rafał
Published: April 2024

In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob die epistemischen Implikationen der Annahme der Binarität der Rechtswahrnehmung auf die bisherige Auffassung der Beschaffenheit der festen Wortverbindungen in der Fachsprache des Rechts Einfluss haben können. Diese Frage ist insbesondere im Kontext des Merkmals der semantischen Festigkeit derjenigen festen Wortverbindungen relevant, welche Termini sind. Nach der Meinung des Autors können Merkmale der festen Wortverbindungen der juristischen Fachsprache, welche Termini sind, nicht ohne Einbeziehung der Begriffsgeschichte erörtert werden.
Detection of EGFR gene mutations for prescription of targeted drugs for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Pavlova O. N. , Bukareva O. P.
Published: April 2024

Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer that occurs in both men and women. This tumor is the leading cause of death from cancer, accounting for 18.4% of the total number of deaths. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for 85% of all cases. Within its framework, adenocarcinoma (30-45%) and squamous cell carcinoma (25-40%) are most often found. Approximately 20% of patients living in the Russian Federation and suffering from non-small cell lung cancer have EGFR gene mutations. EGFR signaling pathways play an important role in the development of malignant tumors. They regulate cell cycle progression, influence apoptosis, stimulate the formation of new blood vessels and enhance the motility of cancer cells and their ability to metastasize. An in-depth understanding of the fundamental biology of rare EGFR mutations will help identify dependencies specific to these mutations. This knowledge can be used to develop therapeutic approaches targeting specific EGFR mutations and their impact on various pathologies. The results of these studies may help develop more precise and effective treatments that will specifically target specific EGFR mutations and their impact on various diseases.
The use of bone autoplasty for false joints of the humerus diaphysis
Authors: Khorak K. I. , Kogan P. G. , Parfeev D. G. , Avdeev A. I. , Morozov A. M. , Piskareva M. E.
Published: April 2024

Relevance. Fractures of the diaphysis of the humerus account for 1–5% of the total number of traumatic skeletal injuries and 20% of the number of humerus injuries. At the same time, in modern society there is no tendency to reduce traumatism, therefore, the number of surgical interventions aimed at restoring the integrity of the bone does not decrease. Over the decades, approaches to tactics and choice of drugs for correction of defects for fusion and restoration of motor function of the limb have been changing. Physicians from different countries have tried to use both auto- and allografts, with the results they achieved significantly increasing the chances of survival of the transplanted material. The multitude of studies conducted in different countries only confirms their high relevance, which makes the task of pseudarthrosis treatment one of the most important, but at the same time one of the most difficult in traumatology and orthopedics injuries.

Objective. To study the application of bone autotransplantation for the treatment of false joints of the diaphysis of the humerus diaphysis.

Materials and methods. A review of the literature sources published in the last 5 years on the problem of application of bone autografting methods for false joints of the humerus diaphysis was carried out.

Results. Disruption of the process of humerus fusion and formation of a false joint make surgical intervention inevitable, and the results of treatment directly depend on the determination of the correct indications for a certain type of surgical intervention and competent implementation of the treatment plan. The chosen treatment tactics allow successful restoration of the anatomy and function of the damaged segment. There are many different methods of surgical treatment of false joints. The main purpose of bone-plastic materials application in traumatology and orthopedics is optimization of reparative osteogenesis.

Conclusion. Over the last decades, clinical practice has changed many approaches to the tactics and choice of therapeutic means to restore bone integrity, as well as to restore the supporting and motor functions of the traumatized limb. Analysis of the data obtained from the literature has shown that the best results in the treatment of false joints of the humerus diaphysis were demonstrated by the techniques combining the use of bone autoplasty and additional metal structures.
Bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnostic capabilities in a doctor’s practice
Authors: Mikhaylovicheva A. I. , Smirnov V. V.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the possibilities of functional diagnostics of the respiratory function of the lungs in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Functional diagnostic methods such as capnometry, spirometry, assessment of lung diffusivity and multiple breath nitrogen washout can be used not only to assess airway dysfunction, but also to monitor the course of the disease. There is a need for further development of methods for studying the respiratory function of the lungs and, if possible, their introduction into everyday clinical practice. The purpose of this review was the possibility of diagnostic tests to assess the ventilation and gas exchange function of the lungs in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Art therapy in the correction of the psychoemotional state of patients who have suffered stroke at the stage of medical rehabilitation
Authors: Ruzov V. I. , Sayfutdinov K. A. , Vylegzhanina O. N. , Kolchin D. V.
Published: April 2024

Relevance. Considering the high incidence of stroke in the post-pandemic period COVID-19, it is necessary to carry out a set of rehabilitation measures for these patients aimed at their integration into society. One of the most common consequences of a stroke is cognitive deficit and psycho-emotional lability. Among the psychotherapeutic methods for correcting these disorders, art therapy has become widespread.

Purpose of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness of the art therapy method in correcting the psycho-emotional state of patients who suffered stroke at the stage of medical rehabilitation.

Object and methods. The study involved 110 patients who had suffered stroke, randomized into 2 groups using art therapy and humanistic psychotherapy. The assessment was carried out using the MMSE and HADS test.

Results. The results obtained indicate the advantage of art therapy in correcting the psycho-emotional state of patients; however, this type of psychotherapy does not affect the dynamics of cognitive functions in patients with stroke.

Conclusions. Art therapy is one of the most optimal methods of psychological correction, the psycho-emotional state of patients with stroke and does not affect cognitive functions. In the rehabilitation of patients with stroke, it is necessary to combine various methods of psychotherapy.
Os trotskistas e sua contribuição à interpretação do Brasil
Authors: Silva Michel Goulart da
Published: April 2024

Neste ensaio discute-se as principais contribuições teóricas da primeira geração dos trotskistas no Brasil desenvolvidas no texto “Esboço de uma análise da situação econômica e social do Brasil”. Para tanto, são apresentados os principais temas e argumentos desenvolvidos no documento e sua possível relação com elementos presentes na obra de Caio Prado Júnior e de Florestan Fernandes. Para desenvolver esta discussão, são analisados os textos produzidos pelos trotskistas e alguns dos livros dos autores mencionados acima. Procura-se demonstrar, além da originalidade da produção trotskistas em relação às elaborações stalinistas da época, o impacto das teses trotskistas no pensamento social brasileiro.
Improved transitional care as a strategy to decrease readmission in stroke patients: A systematic review
Authors: Septianingrum Yurike , Nurjanah Siti , Nursalam Nursalam
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Transitional Care (TC) was developed to reduce hospital readmission and improve the physical ability of stroke patients. The purpose of this literature review is to identify the application of Transcultural Care to the readmission rate in stroke patients.
Method: Article searches were conducted using the same keywords in the Pubmed, CINAHL, SAGE and Science Direct databases published from January 2016 to September 28, 2021. A total of eight articles were identified in this study.
Results: Eight articles were reviewed regarding the results of applying TC to the readmission rate in stroke patients. All reviewed articles showed a decrease in the readmission rate after TC was applied compared to usual care. There was substantive heterogeneity in (1) TC team coordinator, (2) hospital/clinic to home TC process, (3) TC follow-up duration, (4) satisfaction.
Conclusions: Several articles support the positive results of using TC on readmission rate before 30 days and satisfaction with nursing services in patients with stroke. Standardization of interventions and research designs are needed to determine the most effective interventions.
Efektivitas Diafragmatic dan Pursed Lip Breathing Exercise Terhadap Frekuensi Nafas Pasien Asma
Authors: Selvia Selvia Novitasari , Nopia Wati  , Weti
Published: April 2024

Background, bronchial asthma is a type of long-term or chronic disease of the respiratory tract characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways which causes shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. Apart from having difficulty breathing, people with asthma can also experience other symptoms such as chest pain, coughing and wheezing.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of diaphragmatic and pursed lip breathing exercise on respiratory frequency in asthma patients in Public Health Center Jembatan Kecil Bengkulu City.
Methods. This type of research is a quantitative study using a Quasy Experiment design with a research design of two groups pre test and post test design. Samples in the study of asthma patients were taken from January-December 2020 and January-April 2021 in Public Health Center Jembatan Kecil Bengkulu City.
Results, from the results of statistical tests, it was found that the p-value before and after pursed lip breathing intervention was 0.001, which means that there was an effect on the frequency of breathing in asthmatic patients and the intervention before and after diaphragmatic breathing exercise was p value 0.002, meaning influence on the frequency of breath in asthma patients. Meanwhile, the average difference in frequency reduction in patients with asthma was the most effective diaphragmatic breathing exercise intervention with an average value of 2.750.
Conclusion, the most effective intervention between pursed lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing exercise is the diaphragmatic breathing exercise intervention.
Pengaruh Mobilisasi Segera Setelah Stroke Terhadap Kemandirian Fungsional Dan Pencegahan Resiko Ulkus Dekubitus
Authors: Juliani Juliani , Ritarwan Kiking , Asrizal Asrizal
Published: April 2024

Penderita stroke akan mengalami gangguan keseimbangan, terbatas aktivitas hidup sehari-hari sehingga mengalami imobilitas dan gangguan supply darah sehingga resiko tinggi terjadi ulkus dekubitus. Resiko ulkus dekubitus dan kemunduran kemandirian fungsional yang dialami oleh pasien stroke dapat dibantu dengan melakukan mobilisasi segera. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh mobilisasi segera setelah stroke terhadap kemandirian fungsional dan pencegahan resiko ulkus dekubitus. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah design quasy experiment dengan menggunakan metode pre post test with control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien stroke iskemik di Rumah Sakit Haji Adam Malik Medan dan sampel berjumlah 37 orang untuk kelompok kontrol dan 37 orang untuk kelompok intervensi. Pengumpulan data dengan data primer dan sekunder dan dianalisis dengan uji statistik Wilcoxon Test dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh mobilisasi segera terhadap pencegahan resiko ulkus dekubitus pasien stroke kelompok kontrol (p=0,083), tidak ada pengaruh mobilisasi segera terhadap kemandirian fungsional pada kelompok kontrol pada pasien stroke (p=0,058), ada pengaruh mobilisasi segera terhadap pencegahan resiko ulkus dekubitus pasien stroke kelompok intervensi (p=0,000) dan ada pengaruh mobilisasi segera terhadap kemandirian fungsional pada kelompok intervensi pada pasien stroke di Rumah Sakit Haji Adam Malik Medan (p=0,000). Disarankan bagi keluarga pasien yang mengalami stroke pemberian mobilisasi segera dapat diterapkan sebagai terapi untuk dilakukan di rumah dan bagi perawat direkomendasikan menjadi masukan dalam meningkatkan frekuensi  mobilisasi segera pada pasien stroke untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya luka dekubitus dan peningkatan kemandirian fungsional.
Hubungan Media Pembelajaran Audio Visual dengan Minat Belajar Mahasiswa Keperawatan
Authors: Gea Daniel Putra Setiawan , Harefa Ably Satisfy , Zebua Herni Oktarina , Sihombing Riama Marlyn , Situmorang Komilie
Published: April 2024

Media pembelajaran audio visual merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam melakukan proses pembelajaran berbasis teknologi. Media pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan minat mahasiswa terhadap mata kuliah tertentu terutama mata kuliah yang mengedepankan aspek psikomotor yang memerlukan peragaan dan demonstrasi. Studi pendahuluan pada 10 mahasiswa didapatkan seluruh mahasiswa menyatakan media pembelajaran audio visual dapat mempengaruhi minat belajar mereka selama pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi hubungan media pembelajaran audio visual dengan minat belajar mahasiswa keperawatan pada pembelajaran daring. Metode: Desain penelitian berupa penelitian kuantitatif korelasional. Sampel berjumlah 173 mahasiswa yang diperoleh dengan teknik total sampling. Instrumen peneltian menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan secara daring dan telah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Analisa data menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil: sebanyak 50,9% responden menyatakan media pembelajaran dengan kategori kurang baik sedangkan 53,8% responden menunjukkan minat belajar tinggi dalam pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan signifikan antara media pembelajaran audio visual dengan minat belajar mahasiswa keperawatan.
Mineralization of microalgal carbon and nitrogen in sodic soils
Authors: Castro-González Ileana , Bedolla-Rivera Héctor Iván , Negrete-Rodríguez María de la Luz Xochilt , Castillo Omar S. , Álvarez-Bernal Dioselina , Conde-Barajas Eloy
Published: April 2024

Sodic soils pose a challenge for the agricultural production due to their lack of nutrients, poor structure, low organic matter content, and susceptibility to erosion (water and wind). Their recovery is carried out by soil washing and applying calcium salts, which are sometimes unprofitable processes. A low-cost and environmentally friendly alternative to remedy adverse soil conditions is bioremediation using microorganisms or organic amendments. For this reason, this study intended to evaluate the effects of the addition of dry microalgal biomass on sodic soils and suggest its use as an organic amendment. The effect of the microalgal biomass was studied through the mineralization dynamics of carbon and nitrogen sources in short-term experiments. All experiments were performed at laboratory scale. Microalgal biomass was obtained from a consortium grown in dairy wastewater and subsequently dried and pulverized. Four different treatments of dry microalgal biomass were applied to 50 g of sodic soil, and high microbial activity was observed in the soil (obtaining a production of 240 mg C-CO2/kg dry soil), along with the production of nitrates (presenting values 33.8-1.45 mg N-NO3+/kg dry soil) via the release of ammonia (obtaining 5.46 mg N-NH3+/kg dry soil), and mineralization of organic N into ammonium (producing 1071.92 mg N-NH4+/kg dry soil). The microalgal biomass as an organic amendment showed to be prone to mineralization and release of carbon and nitrogen sources, improving the microbial activity in a soil with sodicity problems.
Enabling understanding of artificial intelligence (AI) agent wargaming decisions through visualizations
Authors: Rinaudo Christina , Leonard William , Hopson Jaylen , Morey Christopher , Hilborn Robert , Coumbe Theresa
Published: April 2024

The process to develop options for military planning course of action (COA) development and analysis relies on human subject matter expertise. Analyzing COAs requires examining several factors and understanding complex interactions and dependencies associated with actions, reactions, proposed counteractions, and multiple reasonable outcomes. In Fiscal Year 2021, the Institute for Systems Engineering Research team completed efforts resulting in a wargaming maritime framework capable of training an artificial intelligence (AI) agent with deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques within a maritime scenario where the AI agent credibly competes against blue agents in gameplay. However, a limitation of using DRL for agent training relates to the transparency of how the AI agent makes decisions. If leaders were to rely on AI agents for COA development or analysis, they would want to understand those decisions. In or-der to support increased understanding, researchers engaged with stakeholders to determine visualization requirements and developed initial prototypes for stakeholder feedback in order to support increased understanding of AI-generated decisions and recommendations. This report describes the prototype visualizations developed to support the use case of a mission planner and an AI agent trainer. The prototypes include training results charts, heat map visualizations of agent paths, weight matrix visualizations, and ablation testing graphs.
Artificial intelligence (AI)–enabled wargaming agent training
Authors: Rinuado Christina , Leonard William , Morey Christopher , Coumbe Theresa , Hopson Jaylen , Hilborn Robert
Published: April 2024

Fiscal Year 2021 (FY21) work from the Engineer Research and Development Center Institute for Systems Engineering Research lever-aged deep reinforcement learning to develop intelligent systems (red team agents) capable of exhibiting credible behavior within a military course of action wargaming maritime framework infrastructure. Building from the FY21 research, this research effort sought to explore options to improve upon the wargaming framework infrastructure and to investigate opportunities to improve artificial intelligence (AI) agent behavior. Wargaming framework infrastructure enhancements included updates related to supporting agent training, leveraging high-performance computing resources, and developing infrastructure to support AI versus AI agent training and gameplay. After evaluating agent training across different algorithm options, Deep Q-Network–trained agents performed better compared to those trained with Advantage Actor Critic or Proximal Policy Optimization algorithms. Experimentation in varying scenarios revealed acceptable performance from agents trained in the original baseline scenario. By training a blue agent against a previously trained red agent, researchers successfully demonstrated the AI versus AI training and gameplay capability. Observing results from agent gameplay revealed the emergence of behavior indicative of two principles of war, which were economy of force and mass.
Industry - Academia - Contribution to Energy Transition
Authors: Kaland T.
Published: April 2024

Hydrogen from hydrocarbon production and electricity is an important contribution to meet the energy demand in times of energy transition. As several oil and energy companies focus on a wider range of energy sources, the different hydrogen sources play an important role to meet the global energy demand.

The development of new technology and competence is essential to manage handling of new energy sources.

The hydrogen technology is so young as a fuel source, that legislation is a subject for current upgrading. So is the technology for storing and fuelling. The technology exploration in optimizing energy concentration, fuel cells, and energy transfer, are important research areas in university research centres in Norway and several other countries. Research in hydrogen energy source is performed by professors together with students at all levels. These students will in next turn fill the industry with new competences. As new energy sources are introduced, the energy transfer between different sources needs to be considered to plan the best and most economical way for transport and consume of hydrogen energy.

All together these subjects are important new areas of competence that petroleum engineers need to achieve to fulfil the energy companies’ visions of delivering a wider range of energy. Several oil companies have already sent their engineers to academic programs to upgrade competence in hydrogen technology. When experienced petroleum engineers move back to universities to upgrade their skills to include hydrogen, the good collaboration and industry understanding are developed to the benefit of all parts. The training programs provided by Norwegian universities are under current development in close contact with the ongoing research at universities.

This paper will focus how competence in new and upcoming energy technology may be realised in the playground where industry and academia play together.

As the graph in Figure 1 shows, the renewable energy sources are in minority, but in a growing scale. The grow in the production and consume of renewable energy sources will have to increase rapidly, both to meet the global decisions of reducing CO2emission, and because they are renewable. The fossil fuel resources will not last forever.

The most relevant institutions to perform the energy transition are the existing oil companies. Many of them define them self as energy companies. The energy companies have got the needed technology and competence to start the transition, but they will need support and collaboration with research and education institutions.
Extensive Testing of Glass-Based Chemical Consolidation on Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Hoq A. , Caline Y. , Flatebø R. E. , Martin A. N. , Rylance M. , Milton-Tayler D. M. , Magallanes M. , Olsen M. , Hatlebakk R.
Published: April 2024

Chemical consolidation of carbonate reservoirs offers the possibility of increasing the production and longevity of wells while minimizing the associated operational expenses. A novel glass-based chemical solution has been tested to understand the potentially beneficial consolidation and treatment effects that this can have on a chalk reservoir. The testing and modeling results, along with operational application methods will be shared and discussed within this paper.

Over 80 core flood injection tests were performed to investigate the injection parameters and results on post-treatment strength and permeability. A variety of strength measurements were used to understand the full impact on the resulting strength properties. Over 20 fracture embedment tests with proppants were conducted to determine the strengthening effects in the chalk face and assess the resulting permeability in propped fractures. The results of all these tests and models are compiled and compared to understand the trends and relationships in order to determine the most effective injection parameters and post-treatment effects achievable in the chalk reservoir.

The laboratory results have demonstrated that this chemical solution can strengthen intact cores, consolidate chalk powder, strengthen the chalk face in proppant fractures, all while retaining a high degree of the original permeability, and in some cases increasing it. If field trials can replicate the same outcome, there is the potential to increase drawdown limits, reduce chalk production, alleviate productivity decline, ultimately boosting production potential, and concurrently mitigating the risks of deferred production and operational costs associated with interventions. This could be a solution for new wells on the Valhall field to help sustain stable production rates and prolong the longevity of the wells.

Glass-based chemical solutions are new to the industry and present the opportunity for unique solutions to the consolidation and sealing challenges we face. This novel chemical solution is now ready for evaluation through suitable field trials and its core technology could potentially have applications beyond carbonate consolidation.