bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atm inhibition decreases lens opacity in a rat model of galactose-induced cataract
Authors: Nagaya Masaya , Kanada Fumito , Takashima Masaru , Takamura Yoshihiro , Inatani Masaru , Oki Masaya
Published: September 2022

Cataract causes vision loss and blindness due to formation of opacities of the lens. The regulatory mechanisms of cataract formation and progression remain unclear, and no effective drug treatments are clinically available. In the present study, we tested the effect of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (Atm) inhibitors using anex vivomodel in which rat lenses were cultured in galactose-containing medium to induce opacity formation. After lens opacities were induced by galactose, the lenses were further incubated with the Atm inhibitors AZD0156 or KU55933, which decreased lens opacity. Subsequently, we used microarray analysis to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of action, and extracted genes that were upregulated by galactose-induced opacity, but not by inhibitor treatment. Quantitative measurement of mRNA levels and subsequent STRING analysis revealed that a functional network consisting primarily of actin family and actin-binding proteins was upregulated by galactose treatment and downregulated by both Atm inhibitors. In particular,Acta2is a known marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epithelial cells, and other genes connected in this functional network (Actn1,Tagln,Thbs1, andAngptl4) also suggested involvement of EMT. Abnormal differentiation of lens epithelial cells via EMT could contribute to formation of opacities; therefore, suppression of these genes by Atm inhibition is a potential therapeutic target for reducing opacities and alleviating cataract-related visual impairment.
Number of transurethral procedures after non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and survival in causes other than bladder cancer
Authors: Holmberg Lars , Hagberg Oskar , Häggström Christel , Gårdmark Truls , Ströck Viveka , Aljabery Firas , Jahnson Staffan , Hosseini Abolfazl , Jerlström Tomas , Sherif Amir , Söderkvist Karin , Ullén Anders , Enlund Mats , Liedberg Fredrik , Malmström Per-Uno
Published: September 2022

Background

Previous research has associated repeated transurethral procedures after a diagnosis of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with increased risk of death of causes other than bladder cancer.

Aim

We investigated the overall and disease-specific risk of death in patients with NMIBC compared to a background population sample.

Methods

We utilized the database BladderBaSe 2.0 containing tumor-specific, health-related and socio-demographic information for 38,547 patients with NMIBC not primarily treated with radical cystectomy and 192,733 individuals in a comparison cohort, matched on age, gender, and county of residence. The cohorts were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and Hazard ratios (HR) from a Cox regression models. In the NMIBC cohort, we analyzed the association between number of transurethral procedures and death conditioned on surviving two or five years.

Results

Overall survival and survival from causes other than bladder cancer estimated with Kaplan-Meier curves was 9.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) (8.6%-10.0%)) and 1.4% (95% CI 0.7%-2.1%) lower respectively for the NMIBC cohort compared to the comparison cohort at ten years. In a Cox model adjusted for prognostic group, educational level and comorbidity, the HR was 1.03 (95% CI 1.01–1.05) for death from causes other than bladder cancer comparing the NMIBC cohort to the comparison cohort. Among the NMIBC patients, there was no discernible association between number of transurethral procedures and deaths of causes other than bladder cancer after adjustment. The number of procedures were, however, associated with risk of dying from bladder cancer HR 3.56 (95% CI 3.43–3.68) for four or more resections versus one within two years of follow-up.

Conclusion

The results indicate that repeated diagnostic or therapeutic transurethral procedures under follow-up do not increase of risk dying from causes other than bladder cancer. The modestly raised risk for NMIBC patients dying from causes other than bladder cancer is likely explained by residual confounding.
Implications of disparities in social and built environment antecedents to adult nature engagement
Authors: Tomasso Linda Powers , Cedeño Laurent Jose Guillermo , Chen Jarvis T. , Spengler John D.
Published: September 2022

Antecedent factors which influence adult engagement with nature are underexplored given the human health benefits strongly associated with nature exposure. Formative pathways and impediments to nature contact merit understanding as they may contribute to later-life health disparities. We probed experiential pathways and attitudes toward nature engagement among adults purposefully sampled across U.S. regions, age, race/ethnicity, and urbanicity through semi-structured focus group discussions. The research aims were to explore entryways and barriers to experiencing nature and learn how natured and built environments compete in influencing human-nature relationships. Sessions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed following Braun and Clarke’s phases of thematic analysis. Qualitative content analysis of discussions identified three principal themes: 1) formative influences promoting adult nature engagement (i.e., persons/organizations and places of origin), 2) detractors from nature engagement (i.e., perceptual, material, and physical barriers), and 3) role of current setting (i.e., natural and built environments) shaping nature-seeking relationships. We found experiential factors that included early life exposures outdoors, personal mentorship, and organizational affiliation to be highly influential in socializing individuals to nature and in soldering attachment to nature which manifests into adulthood. In contrast, changing demographics and childhood, inequity, social dynamics, metropolitan growth, urban renewal explained alienation from nature. These findings emphasize the importance of efforts to expand opportunities for nature contact, especially for youth living in economically challenged urban areas, which go beyond increasing greenspace to encompass mentoring partnerships for gaining skills and comfort outdoors and redesign of safe natured spaces within cities for hands-on learning and discovery.
Joint clustering and prediction approach for travel time prediction
Authors: Shaji Hima Elsa , Tangirala Arun K. , Vanajakshi Lelitha
Published: September 2022

Modeling and prediction of traffic systems is a challenging task due to the complex interactions within the system. Identification of significant regressors and using them to improve travel time predictions is a concept of interest. In previous studies, such regressors were identified offline and were static in nature. In this study, an iterative joint clustering and prediction approach is proposed to accurately predict spatiotemporal patterns in travel time. The clustering module is tied to the prediction module, and a prediction model is trained on each cluster. The combined clustering and prediction are then iterated until a chosen metric is optimized. This orients clusters of data towards prediction while enabling model development on subsets of travel time data with similar prediction complexity. The clusters created using the joint clustering and prediction approach confirmed to the real-world traffic scenario, forming clusters of high travel time at busy intersections and bus stops across the study stretch and forming clusters of low travel time in the sub-urban areas of the city. Further, a comparison of the developed framework with base methods demonstrated a decrease in prediction errors by at least 22.83%. This indicates that creating clusters of data that are sensitive to the quality of predictions using the joint clustering and prediction framework improves the accuracy of travel time predictions. The study also proposes criteria for choosing the best predictions when cluster-based predictions are used.
Long-term survival of female versus male patients after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Abreu Armando , Máximo José , Leite-Moreira Adelino
Published: September 2022

Background

Several of the most extensively used risk prediction tools for coronary artery bypass grafting outcomes include female sex as an independent risk factor for postoperative outcomes. It is not clear whether this putative increased surgical risk impacts long-term survival. This study aimed to assess sex differences in 10-year all-cause mortality.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 5340 consecutive patients undergoing primary isolated coronary artery bypass surgery, performed from 2000 to 2015, in a Portuguese level III Hospital. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at ten years. We employed an overlap weighting algorithm to minimize confounding. Its target population highlights patients with the most overlap in their observed characteristics, and its corresponding estimand is the average treatment effect in the overlap population.

Results

We identified that 5340 patients underwent isolated CABG: 1104 (20.7%) were female, and 4236 (79.3%) were male. Sixteen patients were lost to follow-up (0.3%). The median follow-up time was 12.79 (IQR, 9.52–16.66) years: 12.68 (IQR, 9.48–16.54) years for the male patient group and 13.13 (IQR, 9.75–16.98) years for the female patient group. The primary endpoint of all-cause mortality at ten years occurred in 1106 patients (26.1%) in the male patient group, compared with 315 (28.5%) in the female patient group. The unweighted survival analysis for both groups reveals the worst long-term prognosis for the female cohort (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.35; p < 0.001), while in the overlap weighted survival analysis, such long-term difference in prognosis disappears (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.09; p = 0.693).

Conclusion

In this longitudinal, population-level analysis of patients undergoing primary, isolated CABG, we demonstrated that the female sex is not associated with increased long-term all-cause mortality compared to their male counterparts. Thus, sex should not influence the undertaking of an adequate revascularization strategy.
Explaining international media development: Building blocks for an analytical framework based on institutional logics
Authors: Drefs Ines
Published: September 2022

The academic study of media development as a field of practice and international cooperation has received quite some impetus in the last couple of years. Theory-building in this research field, however, seems to be stagnating. The explanatory power of established theories such as modernization, dependency or participation appears limited in the light of recent empirical findings that point to increasing ‘bureaucratization’ and ‘proceduralization’ in the media development sector. Against this background, this article sets out to find an analytical model that adequately grasps the logics guiding the work of media development’s various actors – from donors to intermediary organizations to local NGOs. Theoretical input from organizational institutionalism seems to offer a promising perspective for characterizing the institutional logics that shape (yet do not determine) media development practice. On this basis, the article proposes an analytical framework that allows to categorize media development actors’ beliefs and practices between the poles of social transformation logics and managerial logics.
Overcoming the peace journalism paradox: A case study in journalist training as media development aid
Authors: Lynch Jake , Tiripelli Giuliana
Published: September 2022

Peace journalism (PJ), originally proposed by Johan Galtung as a set of ideational distinctions in representations of conflict, has served as the organizing principle for both scholarly research and practical application. Much of the latter has come through media development aid, generally taking the form of professional training courses for editors and reporters. The effectiveness of such schemes depends on activating and galvanizing journalistic agency to change the content of reporting. This highlights a paradox: PJ is the policy response to Galtung’s landmark 1965 essay, published with Mari Holmboe Ruge, ‘The structure of foreign news’, which, instead, attributed the chief influences on news content to the political economy of media. This article presents and considers two sets of data. One comes from interviews with sixteen alumni of PJ training courses, in which they disclose which aspects proved most readily applicable in their work. The other is based on a survey of 55 articles from The Peace Journalist, a biannual magazine published by the Global Peace Journalism Center at Park University, Missouri, which, between them, report on training courses in 33 countries over ten years. It shows which aspects of PJ are most often emphasized in such initiatives, and in what kind of conflict contexts. The two data sets are then compared and cross-referenced to show how both trainers and trainees set out to supplement and circumvent structural constraints and thus overcome the PJ paradox.
Transforming journalism in Vietnam: An exploration of two Swedish Media Aid projects
Authors: Mattsson Andreas
Published: September 2022

In this article, I examine the development of journalism in Vietnam by exploring documentation from two media aid projects carried out by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) from 1993 until 2007. The project documents contain fieldnotes, evaluations and reflections from the trainers who were recruited from Swedish media houses to conduct training in Vietnam. A qualitative document analysis was used to examine the content with a conceptual framework built on notions of comparative media systems, global media ethics and the salience of social connections in Vietnam. The findings explore how the Swedish media aid intervened in the Vietnamese media by contributing to a technological transition of journalism although the training in newsroom management and media ethics were challenged by conflicting journalism ideology and social norms. The article contributes to the existing research on media development, reflections on media aid and the development of Vietnamese journalism by analysing project documents that provide first-hand information from a period when Vietnamese journalism underwent a dramatic transition towards the digitalized media system existing today.
POVERTY ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION IN ALTAI KRAI
Authors: Ilinykh Y. M. , Kozlova Z. M.
Published: September 2022

This article analyzes the level of poverty of the population of the Russian Federation and the Altai Territory, reveals the content of the main indicators of poverty. They made it possible to determine interregional differences and spatial differentiation of the level of poverty in the context of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Statistical data for 2010-2022 are given. in terms of the subsistence minimum and the share of the population that has incomes less than the subsistence minimum, which makes it possible to assess and analyze the level of poverty in the region. The methods that are used in the Altai Territory to eliminate this problem are identified, the most promising tools for reducing poverty are substantiated both in the field of employment policy and wages, and in the field of increasing the effectiveness of the implementation of social support measures for the population. The main technologies of state and local authorities to overcome the poverty of the population are considered. Solving the problem of poverty in Russia and the Altai Territory should become a priority task of the government’s internal socio-economic policy.
THE INFUENCE OF TRUST ON THE ATTITUDE TO TAX DISCIPLINE IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE UNION STATE
Authors: Pokrovskaia N. V. , Telyak O. A.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the category of trust and its role in the development of the economy and finance for the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The purpose of the study is to correlate the dynamics of horizontal and vertical trust, as well as attitudes towards tax discipline, taking into account the age characteristics of respondents in the countries of the Union State. The study is based on longitudinal data from the World Values Survey project since the 1990s. It was shown that with the common historical, economic and cultural origins of the economic and financial systems of the countries of the Union State, the level of horizontal trust and the rate of change in vertical trust in the countries differ. The results of surveys of respondents in the analyzed countries indicated an increase in leniency towards tax cheating over the past thirty years, though not supported by a corresponding increase in tax arrears. For the entire observation period, an increase in intolerance to tax cheating with an increase in the age of respondents is true. When interpreting the results of assessing the opinions of students as future taxpayers, it is important to take into account that they reflect a rather radical position and tax discipline potentially increases with age.
ASSESSMENT OF THE STANDARD OF LIVING OF THE POPULATION OF THE ALTAI REGION BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE CONSUMER BASKET
Authors: Shevchuk N. A. , Kudinova M. G.
Published: September 2022

Primary incomes received by the population are an important incentive to improve labor productivity, its quality, and also serve as the main source of meeting the vital needs of the population. They determine the purchasing power of the population and its standard of living. This study is devoted to the study of the real standard of living of the population of the Altai Territory. During it, the composition of the consumer basket of Russians for 2022 was determined, compared with the norms established by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the level of food consumption in the USSR. The characteristic of the subsistence minimum for the population of the regions of the Siberian Federal District is given in comparison with the average value for the Russian Federation. The composition and dynamics of the resources of households in the Altai Territory as a whole and by categories of rural and urban population were also studied. Particular attention was paid to the study of the composition and dynamics of the expenses of the citizens of the region as a whole, as well as in the context of the urban and rural population. In the course of detailing the expenditure part of the budget of the inhabitants of the region, the food basket, the cost of purchasing non-food products and paying for services were analyzed. On the basis of the conducted research, it became possible to conclude that a very low standard of living has developed in the region, a significant part of the population drags out a beggarly existence.
An Expert Opinion/Approach: Clinical Presentations, Diagnostic Considerations, and Therapeutic Options for Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Common Variable Immune Deficiency
Authors: Hashash Jana G. , Squire Jacqueline , Francis Fadi F. , Binion David G. , Cross Raymond K. , Farraye Francis A.
Published: September 2022

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency. It is characterized by impaired B-cell differentiation. Although patients can be diagnosed with CVID anytime during their lifetime, most patients have symptoms for 5–9 years before their diagnosis. The diagnosis of CVID starts with a detailed history focusing on the infectious and noninfectious manifestations of the disease. In patients who are suspected to experience CVID, quantitative immunoglobulins (Ig) should be checked to confirm the diagnosis. IgG should be at least 2 times less than the age-specific SD along with either a low IgA or IgM and with evidence of impaired vaccine response. CVID is usually associated with infectious and/or noninfectious conditions, the latter of which can be inflammatory, autoimmune, lymphoproliferative, or malignant, among other manifestations. Ig therapy has positively affected the disease course of patients with infectious complications but has limited effect on the noninfectious manifestations because the noninfectious complications are related to immune dysregulation involving B cells and T cells rather than primarily due to antibody deficiency. When the gastrointestinal (GI) system is involved, patients with CVID may display signs and symptoms that mimic several GI conditions such as celiac disease, pernicious anemia, or inflammatory bowel diseases. The inflammatory bowel disease–like condition is usually treated with steroids, 5-aminosalicylates, thiopurines, or biologic agents to control the inflammation. In this review, the clinical presentations, diagnostic considerations, and therapeutic options for GI manifestations of CVID will be discussed to facilitate the individualized management of these often-complex patients.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Amnawaty Amnawaty , Baringbing Mevitama Shindi
Published: September 2022

Usaha Mikro Kecil & Menengah (UMKM) adalah aktivitas bisnis yang sanggup menyerap lapangan kerja, menambah pendapatan ekonomi pada rakyat & mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan perekonomian nasional. Tujuannya supaya terjaminnya kepastian global berusaha dan adanya kepastian aturan. Keadaan UMKM ketika pandemi Covid-19 bila dicermati menurut regulasi mencakup izin industri, izin edar, izin terdaftar, legalitas badan bisnis dan dukungan transaksi dan e-commerce kurang memadai. Permasalahan pada pada penulisan ini adalah bagaimanakah perlindungan hukum terhadap UMKM Kota Bandar Lampung dalam masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode dengan pendekatan secara Yuridis Empiris. Di tengah pandemi Covid-19, untuk memperkuat pelindungan terhadap UMKM, DPR dan pemerintah juga telah membentuk Peraturan Pemerintah No. 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Kemudahan, Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan Koperasi dan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah.
IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI FILSAFAT HUKUM DALAM PEMBENTUKAN HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ginting Valencia Adelina Br , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa , Andriati Syarifah Lisa
Published: September 2022

Filsafat Hukum di Indonesia mempunyai peranan terbesar dalam pembentukan hukum di Indonesia. Pancasila sebagai sumber hukum mengandung arti keseluruhan dari peraturan maupun hukum, mulai dari konstitusi kita dan seluruh peraturan terlepas dari konstitusi kita pastilah meletakkan Pancasila sebagai dasar dan landasan dari hukum tersebut. Pancasila adalah sistem hukum Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, Pancasila bukan hanya dikenal sebagai filosofi tapi juga dikenal sebagai hukum tertulis di Indonesia yang mengandung hukum yang hidup. Permasalahannya adalah sebesar apa peranan Filsafat Hukum memberikan pengaruh untuk membangun pembentukan sistem hukum di Indonesia. Permasalahan ini pastilah sangat penting untuk dijawab. Penulis mencoba untuk menguji permasalahan ini dengan hukum normatif dalam metode hukum. Pendekatan yang dilakukan oleh penulis diambil dari beberapa buku yang mengandung tentang permasalahan permasalahan yang terkait.
PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP KAUM MINORITAS DALAM PENERAPAN NILAI KEADILAN MENURUT KAJIAN FILSAFAT HUKUM
Authors: Andriati Syarifah Lisa , Gurning Sarah Juni Techy , Yohanna Debry
Published: September 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan baru tentang diskriminasi antara kelompok minoritas atau komunitas-komunitas, khususnya pada kelompok yang berbeda keyakinan berdasarkan dari filsafat hukum dalam menerapkan keadilan. Penulis dalam makalah ini fokus untuk menganalisa diskriminasi antara kelompok atau komunitas minoritas, khususnya pada kelompok yang berbeda keyakinan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam memecahkan permasalahan ini adalah metode normatif yuridis yang menggunakan data sekunder sebagai sumber datanya, seperti teori-teori hukum, jurnal, buku-buku, laporan, dan peraturan-peraturan. Dalam filsafat, keadilan adalah sebuah hal yang sangat mendasar dalam menjaga masyarakat politik yang stabil. Berkenaan dengan masalah minoritas, hal ini berhubungan dengan pembentukan keadilan, karena hal itu adalah bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam tujuan hukum.
Marine heatwaves facilitate invasive algae takeover as foundational kelp
Authors: Félix-Loaiza Ana Carolina , Rodríguez-Bravo Lucía Mercedes , Beas-Luna Rodrigo , Lorda Julio , de La Cruz-González Eliot , Malpica-Cruz Luis
Published: September 2022

Extreme warming events have diminished kelp ecosystems around the world, but few reports exist about their impacts on invasive species. Warming events along the coast of Baja California from 2014 to 2016 negatively affected kelp forest communities historically dominated by Macrocystis pyrifera. We measured changes in the macroalgal community at Todos Santos Islands, Baja California, Mexico between 2018 and 2019. Our results documented a dramatic reduction of M. pyrifera, and a concurrent structural shift to invasive kelps dominance, with Sargassum horneri and Undaria pinnatifida being highly abundant in 2019. This study provides insights about impacts of invasive kelp species on macroalgal community structure under future climate scenarios.
Fast screening method for important transmission lines in electrical power system
Authors: Geng Junqi , Sun Xianming , Wang Haihua , Sun Peng , Jiang Xiaodong , Yang Guang , Lv Wenxi
Published: September 2022

In the electrical power system, a few transmission lines play a crucial role in cascading failures propagation. Once it participates in the cascading failures propagation process, catastrophic power blackouts will inevitably occur. In this paper, the Electrical Transmission Line-Stochastic Approach for Link Structure Analysis method (ETL-SALSA method) is proposed, which combines the Internet thinking with the physical characteristics of power system. At the same time, important transmission lines are screened to prevent cascading failures of the power system. Additionally, considering the influence of hidden failures, the expanded adjacent matrix concept is proposed. Based on the expanded adjacent matrix, fault propagation relationship and topology structure are also taken into account in the ETL-SALSA method. In the calculation process of ETL-SALSA method, Markov probability transfer matrix of the Stochastic Approach for Link Structure Analysis algorithm (SALSA algorithm) of random method is adopted, so as to achieve higher computational efficiency. Simulations carried out on the IEEE 39-bus electrical power system and the IEEE 118-bus electrical power system show that the ETL-SALSA method can achieve high-accuracy to screen important transmission lines compared with graph theory method and cascading failure simulation method. Moreover, the screening speed of the ETL-SALSA method can be enhanced for several orders of magnitude compared with cascading failure simulation method.
Comparison of solar cell and photodiode performance for underwater visible light communications system with RF transmission by various techniques
Authors: Qasim Ghusoon A. , Ali Mazin Ali A.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this paper is to design an experimental system for underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC). By using an amplitude shift key (ASK), different frequencies in KHz are modulated over LED light. Four strategies are evaluated and compared (SISO, SIMO, MISO, and MIMO) with the purpose of determining the success of receiving optical signals. To receive these frequencies, a solar cell and photodiode (BPX61) are utilized. A digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) is used to view the received signal at the identical optical conditions. The results indicate that the system has a satisfactory link quality to receive frequencies when all four approaches are used in the same settings. The PD BPX61 is more efficient at receiving frequencies from the solar cell. The measurable frequency range of the received signals was 500 KHz for the PD BPX61 and 100 KHz for the solar cell. The (SISO) technique achieves the lowest SNR values, whereas the MIMO technique achieves the highest values.
Materialographic Preparation of Salt
Authors: Blank R. , Nitschke H. , Saliwan Neumann R. , Kranzmann A.
Published: September 2022

Molten salt containing systems gain in importance for sustainable energy use and production. For research and development, interactions of molten salts with potential container materials are of major interest. This article introduces preparation procedures to display an intact metal and salt microstructure and their interface using light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The exemplary material combination is the ternary salt mixture NaCl-KCl-MgCl2 and the low alloyed steel 1.4901 (T92) with a maximum service temperature of 550 °C. These are potential elements/materials for use in latent heat thermal energy storages.
Discursos do cinema brasileiro
Authors: Contreras Gutiérrez Pablo
Published: September 2022

Este artigo procura contribuir para a caracterização da cultura política brasileira a partir da perspectiva particular do cinema brasileiro contemporâneo. No âmbito das sociedadesmidiatizadas e marcadas pela visualidade, os filmes transmitem discursos que prescrevem certas formas de compreensão e ação das pessoas no mundo, tornando seu estudocientificamente relevante. Por essa razão, a presente pesquisa buscou identificar os discursos cinematográficos no cinema brasileiro, concentrando-se nas representações de conflitos sociais e como eles participam do processo mais amplo de subjetivação política, particularmente no período pós-retomada (2004-2019). Para esse fim, foram examinados sete filmes pertencentes ao período por meio da Análise do Discurso, prestando especial atenção aos repertórios interpretativos e representações visuais predominantes neles. A pesquisa permitiu identificar discursos nos quais os atores sociais tomam a forma de indivíduos pragmáticos, que se engajam em lutas diárias por reconhecimento, com mediações ineficazes e em meio a uma sociedade marcadamente atomizada e hostil.
Notas sobre a sociocosmologia da Amazônia
Authors: Bessa Pinto Marilina
Published: September 2022

Os seres presentes nas narrativas míticas e lendárias que ocupam espaços próximos ao mundo da natureza são habitualmente vistos sob a ótica da exotização que lhes confere existência somente no campo do imaginário e das representações simbólicas de pertenças ligadas às comunidades tradicionais. No Brasil, os domínios teóricos de abordagem desses sujeitos circunscrevem-se às áreas dos estudos folclóricos, do fabulário e da exploração do fenômeno religioso, sobretudo voltado para as manifestações indígenas da pajelança e das religiões de matrizes africanas. Nas últimas décadas, à medida que se avoluma a literatura indígena, dentro e fora da academia, produzida por esses atores sociais, percebe-se mudança de tratamento epistemológico em relação aos relatos, nos quais esses seres protagonizam lugares de agenciamento fundamentais na dinâmica comunitária, que evidenciam novasformas de sociabilidade pouco exploradas no cânone ocidental. A partir de estudo exploratório, baseado na teoria do perspectivismo ameríndio, pretendeu-se com este artigo colocar em discussão a recepção desses trabalhos entre as Ciências Humanas, buscando demonstrar que a ampliação da noção de homem (gente) impacta em nova mirada à questãodas relações sociais, cujas implicações permitem afirmar que os coletivos indígenas do noroeste amazônico organizam-se sob a égide de uma Sociocosmologia.
CAR-T Cell therapy in T-cell malignancies: limitations and solutions
Authors: Shan Lingling , Feng Xiaoming , Pan Jing
Published: September 2022

CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has shown high potential for treating B-cell hematological malignancies and has been approved by the US FDA. However, CAR-T cell therapy for T-cell hematologic malignancies poses feasibility challenges, including the difficulty of obtaining sufficient healthy cells from patients, CAR-T cell fratricide, and the risk of immunodeficiency. In this review, we discuss bottlenecks and possible solutions in CAR-T cell therapy for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias, as well as future directions in this field.
Tethered balloon-borne profile measurements of atmospheric properties in the cloudy atmospheric boundary layer over the Arctic sea ice during MOSAiC: Overview and first results
Authors: Lonardi Michael , Pilz Christian , Akansu Elisa F. , Dahlke Sandro , Egerer Ulrike , Ehrlich André , Griesche Hannes , Heymsfield Andrew J. , Kirbus Benjamin , Schmitt Carl G. , Shupe Matthew D. , Siebert Holger , Wehner Birgit , Wendisch Manfred
Published: September 2022

The tethered balloon-borne measurement system BELUGA (Balloon-bornE moduLar Utility for profilinG the lower Atmosphere) was deployed over the Arctic sea ice for 4 weeks in summer 2020 as part of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate expedition. Using BELUGA, vertical profiles of dynamic, thermodynamic, aerosol particle, cloud, radiation, and turbulence properties were measured from the ground up to a height of 1,500 m. BELUGA was operated during an anomalously warm period with frequent liquid water clouds and variable sea ice conditions. Three case studies of liquid water phase, single-layer clouds observed on 3 days (July 13, 23, and 24, 2020) are discussed to show the potential of the collected data set to comprehensively investigate cloud properties determining cloud evolution in the inner Arctic over sea ice. Simulated back-trajectories show that the observed clouds have evolved within 3 different air masses (“aged Arctic,” “advected over sea ice,” and “advected over open ocean”), which left distinct fingerprints in the cloud properties. Strong cloud top radiative cooling rates agree with simulated results of previous studies. The weak warming at cloud base is mostly driven by the vertical temperature profile between the surface and cloud base. In-cloud turbulence induced by the cloud top cooling was similar in strength compared to former studies. From the extent of the mixing layer, it is speculated that the overall cloud cooling is stronger and thus faster in the warm oceanic air mass. Larger aerosol particle number concentrations and larger sizes were observed in the air mass advected over the sea ice and in the air mass advected over the open ocean.
Análisis de la Convergencia económica en la Eurorregión Galicia-Norte de Portugal en el periodo 1980-2019
Authors: López-Villuendas Ana María , Del Campo Cristina
Published: September 2022

La existencia de intensas relaciones de cooperación entre las regiones de Galicia y Norte de Portugal desde principios de la década de 1980 han conducido a la creación de una eurorregión para coordinar acciones conjuntas en busca de su mutuo desarrollo. La cuestión de si la existencia de estas fuertes acciones de cooperación entre regiones transfronterizas contribuye a la reducción de desigualdades entre ambos lados de la frontera y a una convergencia permanece sin esclarecerse. Por ello, el objetivo del presente análisis es contribuir a esta discusión, explorando el fenómeno de convergencia en la Eurorregión Galicia-Norte de Portugal durante el periodo de 1980 a 2019. Los resultados muestran una reducción en dichas desigualdades económicas a lo largo de todo el periodo y una convergencia absoluta al mismo nivel económico, demostrándose que la cooperación entre las regiones de la eurorregión ha conducido a un proceso de cohesión.
Cellulose structural change in various biomass species pretreated by ionic liquid at different biomass loadings
Authors: Endo Takatsugu , Fujii Shunsuke , Aung Ei Mon , Kuroda Kosuke , Tsukegi Takayuki , Ninomiya Kazuaki , Takahashi Kenji
Published: September 2022

High biomass loading is a key technique to reduce the pretreatment cost of lignocellulosic biomass. In this work, various biomass species such as bagasse, erianthus, cedar, and eucalyptus were pretreated using an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, at different biomass loadings, particularly focusing on a high loading region. Cellulose structural changes in pretreated biomass were investigated via X-ray scattering and 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy. The structural behaviors roughly fell into two categories, corresponding to either grassy (bagasse and erianthus) or woody (cedar and hardwood) biomass. The grassy biomass gradually transformed from cellulose-I to cellulose-II in a monotonic manner against the biomass loading. In contrast, the transformation in the woody biomass occurred abruptly as solids was decreased within the high loadings range (50 wt% to 33 wt%). Below 33 wt%, a reformation of cellulose-I from cellulose-II proceeded readily. In terms of cellulose crystallinity, erianthus as well as bagasse showed a minimum value at 25 wt% loading, whereas the crystallinity for the woody biomass did not possess such a clear minimum. Acid hydrolysis of these pretreated biomass was also conducted and the relationship between the reactivity and the cellulose structural changes was discussed.
Interactive effect of multi-tier response and advanced airway management on clinical outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide population-based observational study
Authors: Lim Hyouk Jae , Song Kyoung Jun , Shin Sang Do , Kim Ki Hong , Ro Young Sun , Yoon Hanna
Published: September 2022

Objective We hypothesized that a multi-tier response (MTR) will provide high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation including airway management. However, the type of tier response system and airway management will have different interactive effects resulting in varying outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study aimed to determine whether the advanced airway management method has an effect on OHCA outcomes and to compare the size of the effect across MTR types.Methods This is a retrospective population-based observational study using the Korea OHCA Registry. Airway management methods were categorized into endotracheal intubation (ETI) and supraglottic airway (SGA) groups. The tier system was categorized into single-tier response (STR) or two types of MTR: ambulance-ambulance MTR or fire engine-ambulance MTR.Results In total, 45,264 patients were analyzed among the 89,087 emergency medical service assessed OHCAs. The SGA group was significantly associated with a lower prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate compared to the ETI group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72–0.88). Both MTR with an ambulance or fire engine were significantly associated with higher prehospital ROSC rates compared to STR (STR vs. MTR with an ambulance: aOR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.21–1.47; STR vs. MTR with a fire engine: aOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.20–1.71). Prehospital SGA was significantly associated with poor neurological outcomes in MTR with fire engine (aOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53–0.96).Conclusion In this nationwide observational study, we observed that MTR was associated with higher prehospital ROSC than STR. Moreover, SGA is associated with a lower prehospital ROSC rate regardless of tier response type compared to ETI.
Evaluative Analysis On Mooc With Lms Based To Improve English Teachers’ Teaching Competences
Authors: HIDAYAH SITI NURUL
Published: September 2022

In the 5th Industrial Revolution era, English teaching method blended with technology and information-based skills will be more noteworthy to improve English teachers’ teaching aptitudes. Here, the role of Non-Formal Training Institute (LKP) with its new teaching framework is very crucial to increase English teachers’ teaching competences in this industrial revolution era, improve their students’ attainment and advance their professional knowledge. To optimize this role, this research was conducted using Kirkpatrick's 4-level evaluation model, to assess the implementation of Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) with Learning Management System (LMS) based in non-formal educational context for many English teachers in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the benefits and constraints of implementing this online course using evaluative techniques with quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. Data collection techniques were interviews, document observation and questionnaires. The results showed that at the reaction level, the research participants gave a positive response to the online course, the participants also succeeded in increasing their teaching knowledge (learning level), changing behavior in teaching English (behavior level), and improving their students’ achievement (level result). The greatest benefits felt by participants included beneficial topics, video materials, and video conferencing frames which had a direct impact on their teaching knowledge and skills development. The obstacles faced by the participants were problems with internet access, video conference access, and assignments.
Exploring Taiwanese EFL Graduate Students Learning Academic Writing
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Hung , Chuang Hsueh-Hua
Published: September 2022

Much has been done to explore the successful tips for scholarly publication in higher education, and has revealed the challenges facing periphery scholars; few studies, however, discussed the enculturation of learning how to write their theses in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts from graduate students’ standpoints. This study aims to bridge the gaps in the extant literature on academic writing and yield insights into how research space is created by graduate students from the perspective of community of practice (CoP). In particular, this paper addressed what graduate students might encounter in terms of graduate students’ beliefs and attitudes toward academic writing and their multidimensional engagement in the academic community. Four graduate students were involved in the study via homogeneous sampling from four universities in Taiwan. To obtain rich data, semi-structured interviews were adopted, audio-recorded, transcribed, and re-constructed. The results highlighted graduate students’ needs for systematic training of research paper writing. The participants believe that they may benefit more from thorough academic training, whereas they found their academic writing training and writing proficiency insufficient. This study concludes with pedagogical implications for rigorous course design and training for English for Academic Purposes (EAP) writing professionals to improve the quality of EFL academic writing.
Trumpets and Shofarot in the War Scroll (1QM): Musical and Terminological Insights
Authors: Piamenta Moshe
Published: September 2022

This article is an archaeo-musicological study of the trumpets (ḥaṣoṣrot, metal wind instruments) and shofarot (animal horns) in the War Scroll from the Dead Sea Scrolls of Qumran. The study of ancient Jewish music is largely uncharted territory. Many musical terms that appear in the Bible, Second Temple writings, and rabbinic literature, including the names of musical instruments, are not fully understood and there are many questions about their interpretation. For this reason, the War Scroll is one of the most important sources for archaeo-musicological scholarship of the ancient world generally, and of the Second Temple period in particular. This is not only because of the extensive description of the use of trumpets and shofarot in warfare that is found in the scroll, but especially because this rare and rich description is unmatched in any ancient work, Jewish, Hellenistic, or Roman. This uniquely extensive description includes a detailed itemization of the stages when the priests use different types of trumpets to direct the fighting forces, and describes the sounding of the shofarot by the Levites and the people as a means of instilling fear in the enemy. In addition, the scroll lists the types of sounds generated by trumpets and shofarot in battle, using technical and musical terms whose meaning is not always clear. In this article, I re-examine the interpretations that previous scholars have suggested for the terms describing the sounds made by the trumpets and shofarot in the War Scroll, and, in some cases, I offer new interpretations. I also examine how trumpets and shofarot were used in specific stages of the eschatological war depicted in the scroll and suggest a number of ways to understand the military uses and purpose of the incorporation of these instruments. In addition to contributing to the understanding of the musical terms that appear in the War Scroll, my research opens a window to the rich musical language used by the Dead Sea sect and perhaps also by other groups in the Second Temple era.
Legislação e qualidade da educação em enfermagem no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Fernandes Josicélia Dumêt , Cordeiro Ana Lúcia Arcanjo Oliveira , Teixeira Giselle Alves da Silva , Silva Rosana Maria Oliveira , Silva Gilberto Tadeu Reis da
Published: September 2022

RESUMO Objetivos: refletir sobre os atos normativos governamentais editados para a educação superior durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e sobre as repercussões desses atos na qualidade da educação em enfermagem no Brasil. Métodos: trata-se de uma reflexão acerca das repercussões para a qualidade do ensino de enfermagem, baseada nos atos normativos aplicados ao ensino superior, promulgados no período de março a dezembro de 2020, disponíveis no site do Ministério da Educação e na literatura vigente sobre a temática, ancorada nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem. Resultados: a legislação educacional, no contexto da pandemia, distanciou o ensino do mundo do trabalho, assim como da qualidade da formação estabelecida nas diretrizes. Considerações Finais: o ensino remoto na enfermagem dificulta a formação de profissionais com capacidade para a efetividade do processo de ensinar e aprender no mundo real do cuidado e da promoção da saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde.
Brain death communication with parents of children and adolescents: care strategies
Authors: Knihs Neide da Silva , Feisther Lyandra Caroline , Santos Juliana dos , Silva Rosi Meri da , Paim Sibele Maria Schuantes , Schirmer Janine , Pessoa João Luis Erbs , Bellaguarda Maria Lígia dos Reis
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify care strategies developed by professionals from critically ill patients’ units in communicating BD with parents of children and adolescents. Methods: an exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative approach, carried out in two health institutions between October and December 2019, through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis took place through content analysis. Results: twenty-one professionals participated. Three care strategies were identified: actual clinical situation in suspected brain death; sensitizing families to the real clinical situation after brain death diagnosis; and time to assimilate the death information. Final Considerations: the care strategies for communicating brain death to families identified in this study present the possibility of subsidizing health managers in training and support promotion for professionals in care practice. Moreover, they can be incorporated and validated in the care practice of the studied context.