bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF TEAM ASSISTED INDIVIDUALIZATION (TAI) ON GEOGRAPHY LEARNING MODEL TEAM OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Apriyanto Bejo , Ikhsan Fahrudi Ahwan , Nurdin Elan Artono , Kurnianto Fahmi Arif
Published: May 2018

Selection of the right learning model will increase the chances of achieving student learning success. The choice of learning model should pay attention to students' ability which is generally not the same among students one to another. The main factors are the various intelligence and student backgrounds. In addition, the absorptive capacity of the subject matter between students with one student is not the same so that affect learning outcomes achieved. Therefore, teachers need alternative learning model to overcome the diversity of student characteristics, one of them is with individual learning. However, the large number of students in the classroom and the various shortcomings in individual learning such as the effectiveness of learning, time, effort, and curriculum demands, as well as other obstacles, then individual learning is very unlikely to be implemented. An alternative that teachers can do is through the use of learning models that lead to programmed individual learning. The model of learning in accordance with the problem is Model Team Assisted Individualization (TAI). The TAI model is designed as a learning model that combines individual learning with cooperative learning. With the TAI model, the weaknesses that exist in individual learning and on cooperative learning can be minimized with the advantages that exist in both. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of TAI Model on the results of IPS geography learning. This research includes quasi experiment type, using Pretest-posttest Control Group Design design. The subjects consisted of one experimental class and one control class, grade VII student SMPN 4 Lumajang. The research instrument is a test consisting of prates and pascates. The data analysis technique uses t-test with SPSS 16.00 for Windows. The result of data analysis shows that the learning result of IPS geography of students using TAI model is better than students who do not use TAI Model. Thus it can be argued that the use of TAI model influences the learning outcomes Geography IPS Geography students proposed for teachers in the field of study Geography is to make the Model TAI as an alternative model of learning to improve student learning outcomes. Suggestions for further research are piloting the TAI Model on different materials and levels of higher classes or schools, as well as combining with more varied learning media so as to show a great influence on student learning outcomes and gain greater benefits from the TAI Model.

Key Words: Model Team Assisted Individualization (TAI), Geography Learning Result
Effects of TiO2 and Co3O4 Nanoparticles on Cell Cycle of a Pulmonary Cell Line (A549)
Authors: Pinelli Silvana , Poli Diana , Alinovi Rossella , Banda Iris , Pelosi Giorgio , Petyx Marta , Iavicoli Sergio , Mutti Antonio , Mozzoni Paola , Goldoni Matteo
Published: May 2018

The wide range of applications of nanoparticles (NPs) has increased the probability of environmental and occupational exposure. In a previous comparative study on cell line A549, we observed that oxidative stress caused by Co3O4 NPs affects the energetic homeostasis and the detoxification capacity, preventing autophagy induced by TiO2 NPs. In this study, we have investigated the effects of NPs on the cell cycle.Cytofluorimetric analysis showed a slow-down of the cell cycle progression for both NPs, with increases in the percentage of resting cells in the G0/G1. These observations were confirmed by a reduced expression of all cyclins, especially of CCNE1 and CDK2, involved in the late stages of the G1 phase, coupled with a significant increase in the expression of p21 only for Co3O4 NP exposure. On the contrary, the effects of TiO2 NPs were modest. Cell cycle related miRNA-34a, miRNA-126 and miRNA-1290 resulted increased at different early time-points (4-8h) but were down-expressed at 24h-48h only after TiO2 NP exposure. Our results show that NPs have an antiproliferative effect and deregulate cell cycle on A549 cells. These effects should not be underestimated because regulation of cycle progression is crucial for cell survival and repair of genetic damage.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran IPS Berbasis Website untuk Siswa Kelas VII Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri
Authors: Uno Hamzah B , Ma'ruf Abd. Rahman K
Published: May 2018

The aim of the research is IPS Learning Development Based on Website For Students Class VII MTs Negeri Gorontalo City. The aim of this study was to produce a IPS development of learning IPS based on

web learning for students of class VII MTsN. Gorontalo. To know the effectiveness of based on web learning social studies for students of class VII MTsN. Gorontalo. The method used in this research is Research approach. and Development (R & D). Step in the research is through ADDIE models usage, in which the processes of development, namely: Analysis, Design, Development,implentation, and Evaluation. The results of this study are shown of: Assessment materials used by validation by 5 panelists were .0.80- 0.95 value range with the level of reliability is 0.80 so this shows that material is very fit for use, Assessment media used by validation by 5 panelists were range 0.65-0.95 value reliability level of 0.80 so this shows the media isreasonable to use.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Konstruktivistik dan Kemampuan Spatial Visualization Terhadap Kompetensi Menggambar Proyeksi Orthogonal
Authors: Mursid R.
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study to find out: (1) whether there are differences in competency draw orthogonal projection (MPO) between the students taught using problem based learning (PBL) and taught using discovery learning (DL); (2) whether there is a difference between the competence of MPO students who have the ability of spatial visualization (KSV) which has KSV high and low; and (3) whether there is an interaction effect between constructivist learning models to competence MPO students. The research method using a quasi- experimental design with a 2x2 factorial study, while data analysis techniques using ANOVA two paths at the significance level  = 0.05. The results showed that: (1) the competence of MPO students taught by PBL model of superior competence MPO model DL; (2) competence MPO students who have high KSV superior competence MPO KSV students who have low; and (3) there are significant interaction between constructivist learning models and KSV against MPO competence of students.
PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN DAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL
Authors: Suntari Yustia
Published: May 2018

A number of variable affects the learning achievement but this research is interested in discovering the effect of instructional methods and independent learning towards the learning achievement in social science. The research aims at discovering the mentioned effect in Social Science at SDN Pluit 05 Pagi, Penjaringan Subdistrict, North Jakarta. The research discovered (a) the learning achivement with role playing method is higher compared to expository method, (b) students with high independent learning style has higher learning achievement compared to those having a lower one, (c) learning achievement of the students with high independent learning taught with role playing instruction is higher than those with low independent learning, and (d) learning achievement of the students with low independent learning taught with expository method is lower than those having high independent learning. Based on the findings, the research suggests the teachers to improve their skills in teaching social science and assist the students to learn based on their individual learning styles.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN ANAK GANGGUAN INTELEKTUAL RINGAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE KLOSE
Authors: Astuti Purwani Budi
Published: May 2018

The children of disorder intellectually undemanding should have reading comprehension competence to be able to follow the instructional development optimally. However, many children do not have such competence that they can not understand the reading passages properly. To solve the problem, this research conducted a classroom action research in the fifth grade of SDLB C Dian Kahuripan, Jakarta. Employing Close method in two cycles, the research discovered significant improvement of the students’ reading comprehension competence. The research concludes that Close method with a number of techniques and activities is effective to solve the reading comprehension problems faced by the children of disorder intellectually undemanding
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN QUANTUM TEACHING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOMPETENSI PERAWATAN KULIT WAJAH
Authors: Ginting Dewi Sri Rezky
Published: May 2018

Generally, facial skin care materials are considered difficult because students are required to be able to remember the steps of facial skin care treatment, therefore, it is important to using instructional models that can help to improve the ability of students in receiving instructional materials. This study aims to determine the effect of instructional model Quantum Teaching on the Basic Skin Care subject as a basic competence of X class Tata Kecantikan SMK Negeri 1 Beringin. This research was conducted by pre experiment methods. This research was conducted at SMK Negeri 1 Beringin in February 2015. The descriptive result of 31 studentsâ€™ tendency of facial skin care study before being given the application of a quantum teaching (X) model included sufficient category and facial skin care learning after applying Quantum Teaching (Y) including high category. The results obtained showed that there is a significant effect between the results of facial skin care study after being given the application of Quantum Teaching models in students of SMK Negeri 1 Beringin.

 

References

Abdurrahman. (2008). Pendidikan bagi anak kesulitan belajar. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Deporter, B. (2010). Quantum teaching (Edisi Terjemahan). Bandung: Kaifa.

Djamarah, dkk. (2006). Strategi belajar mengajar. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Hamalik, O. (2013). Kurikulum dan pembelajaran. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.

Kusantati, H., Dkk. (2008). Tata kecantikan kulit untuk sekolah menengah kejuruan jilid 2. Direktorat Pembinaan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Direktorat Jenderal Manajemen Pendidikan Dasar Menengah Departemen Pendidikan Nasioal.

Pratiwi, I.K. (2013). Keefektifan model quantum teaching terhadap minat dan hasil belajar bangun datar pada siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri Tunon 2 Kota Tegal. Skripsi. Universitas Negeri Semarang.

Rakhmawati. (2011). Penerapan model pembelajaran quantum teaching dengan metode diskusi berbantuan lembar kerja siswa untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar materi bentuk pangkat dan akar pada siswa kelas X semester I SMA N Karanganyar Demak tahun pelajaran 2010/2011. Skripsi. Semarang: FMIPA IKIP PGRI.

Sudjana. (2012). Metoda statistika. Bandung: Tarsito.

Tarigan, D. (2011). Penerapan model quantum teaching untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar mata pelajaran agroindustri pada siswa SMP Negeri 31 Medan. Skripsi. Medan: FT Unimed.
Determinants of Infant Mortality in Southeast Nigeria: Results from the Healthy Beginning Initiative, 2013-2014
Authors: Slinkard, BA Samantha A , Pharr, PhD Jennifer R , Bruno, MPH Tamara , Patel, MSN Dina , Ogidi, MEd Amaka , Obiefune, MBBS Michael , Ezeanolue, MD, MPH Echezona
Published: May 2018

Background: Neonatal mortality due to preventable factors occurs at high rates throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Community-based interventions increase opportunities for prenatal screening and access to antenatal care services (ANC) services. The Healthy Beginning Initiative (HBI) provided congregation-based prenatal screening and health counseling for 3,047 women in Enugu State. The purpose of this study was to identify determinants for infant mortality among this cohort. 

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of post-delivery outcomes at 40 churches in Enugu State, Nigeria between 2013 and 2014. Risk factors for infant mortality were assessed using chi square, odds ratios, and multiple logistic regression. 

Results: There were 2,436 live births from the 2,379 women who delivered (55 sets of twins and one set of triplets), and 99 cases of neonatal/early postneonatal mortality. The neonatal mortality rate was 40.6 per 1,000 live births. Risk factors associated with neonatal mortality were lack of access to ANC services [OR= 8.81], maternal mortality [OR= 15.28], caesarian section [OR= 2.47], syphilis infection [OR= 6.46], HIV-positive status [OR= 3.87], and preterm birth [OR= 14.14].

Conclusions and Global Health Implications: These results signify that culturally-acceptablecommunity-based interventions targeted to increase access to ANC services, post-delivery services for preterm births, and HIV and syphilis screening for expectant mothers are needed to reduce infant mortality in resource-limited settings. 

Key words: Infant Mortality • Neonatal Mortality • HIV, Antenatal Care • Nigeria • Healthy Beginning Initiative

Copyright © 2018 Slinkard et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Application of Computational Tools to Analyze and Test Mini Gas Turbine
Authors: El-sadi Haifa , Duva Anthony
Published: May 2018

Performance analysis and testing of the Mini Gas Turbine was carried out in Wentworth Institute of Technology’s Thermodynamics Laboratory. The computational tool allows students to focus on more design-oriented problems. Furthermore, students had the ability to see immediate results to variations of the design conditions as well as different parameters that would affect the mini turbine. This project was carried out as a senior design project (Capstone), the students updated the existing data acquisition system, writing a new data acquisition program in LabVIEW, installing new pressure and temperature sensors, and performing a first and second law of thermodynamics analysis on the engine in Engineering Equation Solver. In order to update the existing data acquisition system, new NI SCB-68 connector blocks were implemented along with NI USB-6251 terminals. The new hardware is operated through a LabVIEW program running on a new laptop designated and mounted to the mini jet turbine housing. Instrumentation, testing, and calibration are the three main milestones for this project As a result, The Inlet Mass Flow Rate numeric indicator value is calculated, not measured. The calculated value is dependent on the measured values of Compressor Inlet Temperature (T1), Compressor Inlet Static Pressure (Ps), and Compressor Inlet Dynamic Pressure (Pt-Ps). However, the pressure, temperature and thrust were tested as a function of RPM. The mini turbine engine is ready to be used in student experimental settings. Feedback from students proves that the use of different tools significantly enhances the student learning experience and encourages the students to use different theory from different courses, make the course more dynamic, and motivate the students to learn the material.
Fertilizer Management for a Rye Cover Crop to Enhance Biomass Production
Authors: Balkcom Kipling S. , Duzy Leah M. , Arriaga Francisco J. , Delaney Dennis P. , Watts Dexter B.
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Additional N can enhance cereal cover crop biomass production and maximize benefits.

Cover crop N fertilizer recovery efficiency averaged 37% across all treatments.

Commercial N fertilizer increased biomass for less money compared to poultry litter.

Winter cereal cover crops are necessary to achieve maximum benefits of conservation tillage in the southeastern United States. These benefits generally increase as cover crop biomass increases; therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate N application times, sources, and optimal rates to maximize cover crop biomass production at Headland, AL, on a Fuquay sand (loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Arenic Plinthic Kandiudults) during the 2006–2008 growing seasons. Treatments were arranged in a split‐split plot treatment restriction in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Main plots were time of fertilizer application (fall and spring), subplots were N source (commercial fertilizer and poultry [Gallus gallus domesticus] litter), and sub‐subplots were N rate (0, 34, 67, and 101 kg N ha−1 as commercial fertilizer and 0, 2.2, 4.5, and 6.7 Mg ha−1 as poultry litter [as‐sampled basis]) for a cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop. Commercial fertilizer produced 13% greater biomass compared to poultry litter across all rates and application times. Lower biomass production and higher costs for poultry litter reduced the feasibility of poultry litter as an N source compared with commercial N. Higher C/N ratios were measured for fall‐applied N compared to spring‐applied N, while N fertilizer recovery efficiency (REN) averaged 37% across the experiment. Results indicated fall application of commercial fertilizer N produced superior results across cover crop responses examined in this study, while providing general information about N fertilizer requirements to increase surface residue associated with cover crops across the southeastern United States.
Nitrogen Fertilizer Optimization for Sugarbeet in the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota
Authors: Chatterjee A. , Subedi K. , Franzen D.W. , Mickelson H. , Cattanach N.
Published: May 2018

Single fertilizer nitrogen rate of 146 kg N ha−1 for sugarbeet is outdated.

Sugarbeet–fertilizer nitrogen recommendation should consider soil characteristics.

Sugarbeet yield and sugar content was optimized at 112 kg N ha−1.

In‐season soil nitrogen and red‐edge normalized difference vegetative index can predict yield response to nitrogen.

Economic optimum nitrogen rate varies from 0 to 405 kg N ha−1.

Fertilizer N application is critical to optimize sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield and sugar concentration. Regardless of observed yields, current fertilizer recommendations in North Dakota and Minnesota suggest a single application rate of 146 kg N ha−1 (considering both fertilizer N residual soil N of 120 cm depth) for the Red River Valley (RRV) irrespective of soil type and organic matter content. Field experiments were conducted at three sites to determine sugarbeet response to N application rates, 0, 112, 146, 179, and 213 kg N ha−1 and optimal N rate during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. Year and site had a significant effect on yield and sugar concentration. In 2015, fertilizer‐N significantly increased yield for all three sites, but in 2016, only one site responded to N. The highest N rate (213 kg N ha−1) reduced sugar concentration in 2016. In‐season soil available N (of 0–120 cm) significantly correlated with yield (R2 = 0.35) and economic return (R2 = 0.28). In season, red edge normalized difference vegetative index (RENDVI) based on the handheld optical sensor was significantly (P < 0.05) related to fertilizer‐N application rate. Economic optimum N rate for three sites varied from 0 to 405 kg N ha−1 depending on year and site characteristics. Our results suggest a revision of current sugarbeet fertilizer N recommendation to replace the single rate with N rates based on site characteristics and profitability to N applications.
Importance of Zinc for Arabica Coffee and Its Effects on the Chemical Composition of Raw Grain and Beverage Quality
Authors: Lacerda José S. , Martinez Herminia E. P. , Pedrosa Adriene W. , Clemente Junia M. , Santos Ricardo H. S. , Oliveira Glauter L. , Jifon John L.
Published: May 2018

Zinc is essential for the synthesis of amino acids, carbohydrates, and proteins, which are directly related to the chemical composition of raw coffee (Coffea arabica L.) beans, and it may influence the quality of the beverage. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of Zn doses on the chemical composition of coffee beans and beverage quality. Increased Zn availability in the growth medium maximized attributes related to beverage quality, such as polyphenol oxidase activity, color index, and contents of sucrose, caffeine, and trigonelline, reaching maximum values in plants with Zn leaf contents within the sufficiency range of 8.0 to 12.7 mg kg−1. Zinc doses lower or higher than the one that provided maximum quality (∼2 μmol L−1 in nutrient solution) increased the attributes related to loss of beverage quality, such as content of total phenols, 5‐caffeoylquinic acid, leached K, and electrical conductivity. Zinc supply influences the quality of coffee beans, having a positive effect on polyphenol oxidase activity, color index, and contents of sucrose, caffeine, and trigonelline. Adequate Zn doses reduce total phenol content, 5‐caffeoylquinic acid, leached K, and electrical conductivity. The leaf contents, which related to the minimum or maximum points of the quality attributes studied, varied between 8.0 and 12.7 mg Zn kg−1.
Mapping of Duplicate Dominant Genes for Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus Resistance in Glycine soja
Authors: Rani Anita , Kumar Vineet , Gill B. S. , Shukla Shruti , Rathi Pushpendra , Singh R. K.
Published: May 2018

Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc. PI 393551 carries gene(s) for resistance to yellow mosaic disease, which is caused by Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV). Yellow mosaic disease is a serious constraint to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production in India. However, the gene(s) imparting resistance to MYMIV in G. soja have not yet been mapped. In the present study, three F2 populations derived from crosses of the three G. max cultivars ‘Ankur’, ‘Sawarn Vasundhra’, and ‘JS335’ with PI 393551, the donor for MYMIV resistance, were phenotyped for reaction to MYMIV at the geographic hot spot for yellow mosaic disease to determine inheritance of MYMIV resistance in PI 393551. All three F2 populations exhibited a 15:1 ratio of individuals resistant and susceptible to MYMIV, indicating duplicate dominant inheritance of MYMIV resistance genes. Further, a large F2 population (1520 plants) reconstructed from JS335 × PI 393551 was used for mapping MYMIV resistance genes. Bulked segregant analysis identified two genomic regions associated with MYMIV resistance, one on chromosome 8, and another on chromosome 14. A total of 78 plants with 100% MYMIV infection, which were expected to be homozygous for recessive genes, were genotyped using polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers near linked markers on chromosome 8 and 14. Genetic analyses revealed tight linkages of MYMIV resistance with SSR marker BARCSOYSSR_08_0867 (15,434,295 bp) on chromosome 8, and with BARCSOYSSR_14_1416 (47,686,933 bp) and BARCSOYSSR_14_1417 (47,738,940 bp) on chromosome 14. The identified SSR markers that are tightly linked to MYMIV resistance genes will be useful for introgression of MYMIV resistance from G. soja into G. max.
Klorürlü Ortamda Yumuşak Çeliğin Elektrokimyasal Davranışlarına Çakşır (Ferula Elaeochytris K.) Özütünün İnhibisyon Etkisinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: SANGÜN Mustafa Kemal , KILINÇÇEKER Güray
Published: May 2018

Bu çalışmada, yumuşak çeliğin elektrokimyasal davranışlarına çakşır (Ferula elaeochytris K.) ekstraktının inhibisyon etkisi, %3,5 NaCl çözeltisinde (pH=8,5) ve elektrokimyasal impedans spektroskopisi (EIS) kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Çakşır ekstraktının farklı derişimlerde Nyquist ve Bode diyagramları elde edilmiştir. Yumuşak çeliğin yüzey morfolojileri taramalı elektron mikroskobu ile görüntülenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlardan çakşır ekstraktı, %3,5 NaCl çözeltisinde yumuşak çeliğin korozyonunu azaltmaktadır. İnhibisyon etkinliğinin, çakşır ekstraktının derişimi ile değiştiği tespit edilmiştir.
Güneş Hücrelerinin Performansına Baranın Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: EKİNCİ Fırat
Published: May 2018

Güneş ışınımın fotovoltaik paneldeki güneş hücrelerinde elektrik enerjisine dönüştürme işlemi, en bilinen ve kullanılan yenilenebilir enerjiden elektrik üretim yöntemidir. Bir fotovoltaik sistemin kalbi güneş modülüdür. Birçok güneş hücresi lehimle ile bir araya getirilerek bir fotovoltaik modülü oluşturulur. Modülde elektrik üretimi, çok katmanlı yarı iletken malzemeden oluşan güneş hücreleri tarafından üretilir. Güneş ışınımları hücrelerin üzerine geldiği zaman bu katmanlar arasındaki elektromotor kuvveti oluşturarak elektrik akışını meydana getirir. Güneş ışınımı şiddeti ne kadar yüksek olursa elektrik akışı da o kadar yüksek olur. Bu çalışmada, farklı ışınım değerlerinde güneş hücresindeki baraların sayısının elektrik üretim performansına etkisi MATLAB programı kullanılarak modellenmiş ve deneysel sonuçlarla ayrıntılı bir şekilde etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile güneş hücrelerindeki baranın elektrik üretimine etkisi açık bir şekilde ortaya koyularak bu alanda çalışan araştırmacılara yön verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, güneş enerjisi uygulamalarında çok baralı güneş hücrelerine geçilerek elektrik üretim performansının artırılması yanı sıra güneş hücrelerinde zamanla oluşan olumsuzlukların da azaltılması sağlanacaktır. Benzetim sonuçları ile deneysel çalışma kıyaslandığında; voltaj değerlerinde çok yakın sonuçlar elde edilirken akım değerlerinde biraz farklılık görülmektedir. Bu farklılık, seçilen direnç değerinden kaynaklanmaktadır.
Denim Kumaşlarda Farklı Yıkama İşlemlerinin Kumaşların Fiziksel Özellikleri Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: DALBAŞI Eylen Sema , ÖZÇELİK KAYSERİ Gonca
Published: May 2018

Bu çalışmada, denim terbiyesinde uygulanan çeşitli yıkama ve ağartma işlemlerinin denim kumaşların gramaj, en büyük kopma kuvveti, eğilme dayanımı, yüzey sürtünme katsayısı ve renk değişimi gibi fiziksel özellikleri üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla; denim kumaşlara taş yıkama, enzim yıkama, taş ve enzim yıkama, peroksit ağartma, hipoklorit ve potasyum permanganat ağartması gibi çeşitli yıkama işlemleri uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Denim kumaşlarda istenen soldurma etkisi en fazla taş yıkama, enzim yıkama ve peroksit ağartma ile elde edilmiştir. Ancak mukavemet kayıpları dikkate alındığında peroksit ağartma uygulanan kumaşlarda mukavemet kaybı yüksek olduğu için en uygun denim yıkama prosesinin taş ve enzim yıkama olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Kierunki i uwarunkowania polityki zagranicznej Jemenu w latach 1990-2014
Authors: Bury Jan
Published: May 2018

Trends and determinants of Yemen’s foreign policy between 1990 and 2014 The article discusses the evolution of Yemeni foreign policy from the unification of the two Yemeni states till the aftermath of the events related to the so-called Arab Spring of 2011. It underlines the determinants and implications of Yemeni foreign policy, particularly in the economic context, as well as the external interventionism, which eventually led to the destabilization. The text also elaborated the Polish direction in Yemeni foreign policy at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries.
Crescimento econômico, desigualdade e injustiças ambientais: um olhar crítico a partir do Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape
Authors: Alves Stevam Gabriel , Santos Solange Laurentino dos
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho traz em seu âmago a discussão sobre o modelo desenvolvimentista do Estado que tem como pretensão crescer a qualquer custo, fundamentalmente através de polos de desenvolvimento como o Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape (CIPS). Evidentemente o bônus desse crescimento não é repartido de forma igual com as diferentes camadas sociais, visto que, os mais vulneráveis sofrem o ônus deste modelo econômico. Assim, são caracterizadas as injustiças sociais, e neste caso, também ambientais, pois, as atividades industriais de grandes empreendimentos, como a Refinaria Abreu e Lima, tem um alto potencial de degradação ambiental. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar quais as situações de injustiças ambientais cometidas pela Empresa Suape e indústrias localizadas no interior do CIPS que afetam a comunidade Engenho Mercês. Como procedimentos metodológicos foram adotados: Visitas de campo; II. Realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas; III. Pesquisa documental; e IV. Registros fotográficos. A técnica de análise utilizada para o levantamento das injustiças ambientais junto aos moradores da comunidade foi a Análise Crítica do Discurso. Como resultado, foram identificadas injustiças ambientais relacionadas à: remoção dos moradores; poluição hídrica, sonora e atmosférica; diminuição dos recursos naturais; e violência pela Empresa Suape. Em conclusão, foi observado que comunidade vem sendo descaracterização socioambiental e cultural, através de um modelo desenvolvimentista predatório que vem impedindo a reprodução social desta população.
Abordagem comparativa da estrutura dos sistemas nacionais ambientais na Colômbia e no Brasil
Authors: Rangel Ana Celecina L. da C. , Ballen Lorena Andrea Cortes , Cunha Belinda Pereira da , Souza Bartolomeu Israel de
Published: May 2018

A Conferência de Estocolmo de 1972 e a Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre o Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento (ECO-92) demonstraram a proteção da natureza e dos seus recursos naturais como questão de relevância internacional, necessários para uma efetiva sustentabilidade em nível planetário. Atentos a isso, a Colômbia e o Brasil delinearam leis, que precederam ou sucederam a Carta Política dos respectivos países, a fim de integrar princípios e instrumentos de tutela ambiental. Estruturaram, assim, seus Sistemas Nacionais Ambientais em organismos e funções para o amparo e a gestão dos bens naturais. Para compreender a evolução desta temática, e sem pretender encerrar o assunto, apresentaram-se as políticas do meio ambiente da Colômbia e Brasil, especialmente em relação à respectiva Lei Maior, seguida da descrição dos seus Sistemas Nacionais Ambientais, para, por fim, traçar um quadro sinótico, ressaltando as principais diferenças e semelhanças entre eles. Entre outros aspectos, o desenvolvimento de suas políticas tem em comum o fato de o panorama mundial da crise ambiental pressioná-los a evoluir, em direção a um efetivo desenvolvimento nos moldes sustentáveis. Diferem, entre outros aspectos, por possuírem sistemas políticos administrativos diferentes. Concluiu-se que conhecer a estrutura e funcionamento de cada um desses sistemas é importante para viabilizar uma avaliação e proposição de medidas que procurem a proteção aos bens ecológicos essenciais à vida.
Dietary overlap and food resource partitioning among fish species of a tropical estuary in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Garcia Adna Ferreira da Silva , Vendel Ana Lúcia
Published: May 2018

The current work investigates dietary overlap and food partitioning among nine abundant carnivorous fishes caught in the shallow waters of the Paraíba do Norte river estuary, Paraíba State, Brazil. Fishes were sampled with a beach seine net between January and December 2008 and a total of 958 specimens had their stomach content analyzed. Crustacea was the dominant food resource for Lutjanus alexandrei, L. jocu and Bathygobius soporator, whereas Telostei were consumed mainly by Centropomus undecimalis and C. parallelus. In contrast, Polychaeta were preyed upon mainly by Diapterus rhombeus, Eucinostomus argenteus, Sciades herzbergii and S. parkeri. Although most species consumed similar food items, they did that in varying proportions and amounts. Overall, the niche overlap among species was low (< 0.60), but there were several cases where pair of species had their feeding niche highly overlapped (between 0.72 and 0.97). These findings corroborate the hypothesis that food resource partitioning determines species coexistence in estuarine tropical environments.
Pescadores e "currais": um enfoque etnoecológico
Authors: Nascimento Glória Cristina Cornélio do , Córdula Eduardo Beltrão de Lucena , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva de , Rosa Ricardo de Souza , Lucena José da Silva Mourão
Published: May 2018

Os "currais" de pesca são armadilhas fixas com moirões, varões e varas estrategicamente implantados no solo junto aos recifes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os aspectos etnoecológicos dos pescadores de "currais" em Cabedelo, litoral da Paraíba. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com pescadores (n=7) através de excursões quinzenais, de acordo com a variação das marés nos cinco meses de sua despesca (Novembro, 2012 a Março de 2013) totalizando 21 coletas. Pescadores de diferentes modalidades de pesca também foram entrevistados (n=20) com objetivo de confirmar memes locais. Os métodos adotados foram a técnica "bola de neve" ("snow ball"), observação direta, com entrevistas informais e formulários semiestruturados além da utilização do índice de constância, do valor de uso, econômico e taxonomia folk. Na composição da ictiofauna foram registradas 25 espécies de peixes, distribuídas em 15 famílias. A distribuição espacial dos peixes pode ser demonstrada conforme os estratos verticais na coluna d'água e ecozonas. A melhor maré para a despesca, segundo os pescadores, foram a maré vazante, seguida da maré "morta" ou de lançamento. Os pescadores consideram os ventos Leste, Norte e Nordeste como os melhores para a pesca. O estudo demonstrou como o conhecimento local dos pescadores de "currais", corrobora com o conhecimento científico em seus aspectos etnoecológicos, demonstrando precisão e importância para medidas de conservação de espécies, ecossistemas e cultura local.
Nota sobre a ocorrência de Amasonia (Lamiaceae) nas restingas do Estado do Maranhão
Authors: Santos Juliana SiLva dos , Correia Bruna Emanuele Freire , Almeida Jr Eduardo Bezerra de
Published: May 2018

O gênero Amasonia L. f. (Lamiaceae, Ajugoideae) apresenta somente oito espécies e distribuição exclusivamente neotropical. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo tratar da ocorrência de três espécies de Amasonia nas restingas do Maranhão, ampliando a distribuição geográfica, além de apresentar caracteres diagnósticos, comentários e fotografias. Os registros foram baseados em coletas próprias realizadas nas restingas da praia de Itatinga e do Sítio Aguahy, municípios de Alcântara e São José de Ribamar, respectivamente. As espécies A. arborea, A. calycina e A. campestris foram registradas pela primeira vez no litoral maranhense. Estas informações reforçam a importância de estudos florísticos e a necessidade de conservação da vegetação de restinga altamente ameaçada no Maranhão.
Bioacumulação de chumbo em plantas de cenoura (Daucus carota) e seus efeitos na saúde humana
Authors: Correia Lívia Oliveira , Neris Jordan Brizi , Marrocos Paulo , Velasco Fermin Garcia , Luzardo Francisco Martinez , Olivares Diango Montalvan , Almeida Ohana Nadine de , Santos Herick Macedo
Published: May 2018

Na atualidade, o aumento das atividades agrícolas, industriais e de mineração têm contribuído para a elevação dos teores de Pb no solo, representando sérios riscos à saúde humana. O presente trabalho objetiva estudar os efeitos que diferentes concentrações de Pb no solo provocam no desenvolvimento de plantas de cenoura e o risco à saúde humana derivado de seu consumo. O experimento foi realizado em condições controladas em casa de vegetação durante 120 dias e as plantas foram cultivadas com diferentes concentrações de Pb no solo. Nas raízes e parte aérea da cenoura foram determinados os teores de Pb, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, utilizando um Espectrômetro de Emissão Óptica com Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (ICP OES) e de N usando o método de Kjeldahl. Foram estimados os teores de Pb nos tecidos humanos utilizando os modelos biocineticos publicados na literatura e implementados no código computacional MCFLUX. As plantas de cenoura apresentaram características hiperacumuladoras de Pb e mostraram redução na biomassa da cenoura e desequilíbrio na absorção de nutrientes pela interferência do Pb. A maior parte do Pb absorvido pela planta foi acumulada na raiz que é a fração comestível da cenoura. Com base na dieta media da população brasileira foi possível estimar que inclusive para cenouras cultivadas em solos com teores abaixo do limite máximo estabelecido (CONAMA 420/2009) são atingidas concentrações de Pb em sangue e outros órgãos em níveis tóxicos elevados. Como resultado do trabalho se infere a necessidade de revisão das normas reguladoras de metais no solo.
Presença de metais e de ácidos graxos em camarões cultivados no Agreste e no Cariri do Estado da Paraíba
Authors: Cavalheiro Thiago Brandão , Conceição Marta Maria da , Ribeiro Thais Teresa Brandão Cavalheiro
Published: May 2018

A carcinicultura se apresenta como uma atividade econômica de grande importância para a região nordeste do Brasil. O semiárido nordestino possui grande quantidade de poços salinizados que podem fornecer água e tornar a região uma nova área para esta atividade. O estudo consiste na avaliação do efluente da dessalinização de uma fabrica de água mineral no cariri paraibano para o cultivo do camarão, realizando a comparação com o cultivo tradicional realizado no vale do Rio Paraíba/PB. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas das águas, avaliação do crescimento, nos dois ambientes de cultivo (Agreste e Cariri Paraibano). A qualidade das águas de cultivo analisadas, pH, temperatura, transparência, salinidade, alcalinidade, dureza total, amônia, nitrito, nitrato e coliformes totais permaneceram nas faixas estabelecidas por resoluções para cultivo de camarão contribuindo positivamente para o crescimento e sobrevivência dos camarões. O crescimento ocorreu em períodos de 74 a 86 dias (Cariri e Agreste), onde foi verificada uma superioridade de 40% no ganho de peso diário dos camarões cultivados no Cariri frente aos do Agreste. Foi identificado que o modelo matemático de crescimento cúbico apresentou melhor índice de ajuste aos pontos obtidos para os dois ambientes de estudo.
Thermal stability of amino acids in meals and feeds used in shrimp farming
Authors: Prado João Paulo de Sousa , Cavalheiro José Marcelino Oliveira , Cavalheiro Thiago Brandão , Silva Fernanda Vanessa Gomes da
Published: May 2018

The Brazilian shrimp farming uses mainly commercial feed for shrimp nutrition. This choice occurs because of the advantages related to convenience and good adaptation of Litopenaeus vannanmei to feed intake. Thus, the quality of feed is a determining factor for maximum performance of the shrimp farms, making the right selection of suppliers and control of the storage conditions as ways to prevent contamination and spoilage of feed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of amino acids in meals and commercial feed with different protein levels, subjected to high-temperature storage. The samples were exposed to temperature of 50 oC and evaluated every 5 days for 30 days.The analyses of the degradation of amino acids were performed using an elution gradient in HPLC system.In evaluated meals it was observed that valine and arginine were the amino acids that suffered greater loss during the experiment and histidine and alanine suffered less degradation.Significant difference was observed in the content of all amino acids analyzed after exposure of the feed to the temperature of 50 oC; with reduce in values of its amino acid content. The results obtained in this study indicate that meals and feed exposed to elevated temperatures significantly reduced the content of its amino acids.
Microbiology for environmental conservation: a systematic review of bioremediation of heavy metals by Chromobacterium violaceum
Authors: Lacerda Feliphe Souza de Alencar , Duarte Ermeton do Nascimento , Fernandes Magnólia Florêncio de Araújo
Published: May 2018

The release of metals in ecosystems results in not only environmental damage, but also harm to the health and quality of human life. This study aims to compare and discuss the research evolution performed worldwide, which made use of the potential of Chromobacterium violaceum for bioremediation of heavy metals. The study consists of a systematic review, limited to research published between 2001 and 2015, using LILACS, PubMed, and SciELO databases. The bioleaching technique was further discussed; gold was the bioremediated substrate most mentioned, and cyanidation was the prevalent phenotypic mechanism. Genetic mechanisms were mentioned in 29.4% of the publications, and among proteins transcribed by C. violaceum 18.3% were hypothetical. The adaptive versatility of C. violaceum reveals its great biotechnological potential on environmental pollution by heavy metals, favoring environmental conservation. However, the high number of hypothetical ORFs (Open Reading Frame) highlights the need for further research.
A relação histórica da Comissão Pastoral (CPT) e movimentos sociais para a reforma agrária paraibana e a agroecologia como revitalização da valorização dos agricultores assentados
Authors: Vasconcellos Andreia , Marini Fillipe Silveira , Monteiro Shirley Santos , França Juliana Ferreira , Santos Dualysson Silva , Jesus Jômane Costa de
Published: May 2018

A Comissão Pastoral da Terra surgiu para fortalecer as ações dos agentes pastorais que desenvolviam seu trabalho no meio rural. Apresenta-se nos conflitos de terra através de intermediação entra a luta pela terra e a sociedade. Exerceu e exerce, em relação à luta pela terra no Brasil, muito mais do que um papel de assessoria dos movimentos, de articulação das diversas experiências de organização no campo, de modo a fortalecer estes movimentos e criar condições para novas organizações, como foi o caso do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra. Nos últimos anos, em meio à crise socioeconômica e ambiental, os Assentamentos rurais vêm se configurando como importantes conquistas dos movimentos sociais. No entanto, a potencialidade destes espaços como território de construção de novas relações sociais e relações com os recursos naturais é ameaçada pelos passivos ambientais deixados pelos latifúndios monocultores. A construção da Agroecologia no trabalho da CPT com os Projetos de Assentamentos - PA´s se deu de forma participativa e atuante dos membros, agricultores e agricultoras assistidos pela Pastoral, que se faziam presentes nas reuniões na Diocese de Guarabira/PB. Em um dos Fóruns foi introduzida a Agroecologia como ação a ser trabalhada pelos membros. A Agroecologia é a base para junção de técnicas alternativas para que haja a harmonia da agricultura e o meio ambiente, técnicas que se enquadrem em uma concepção ecologicamente correta, socialmente justa e economicamente viável.
Disaster Risk Reduction Based on Community through a Contingency Plan for Mount Sinabung
Authors: Lestari Puji , Paripurno Eko Teguh , Nugroho Arif Rianto Budi
Published: May 2018

The eruption of Mount Sinabung in Karo district of North Sumatera has continued on and oﬀ since 2010. A contingency plan is needed to reduce the risk of disaster. The purpose of this research is to find a disaster communication model in community-based disaster risk management through Sinabung Eruption Contingency Plan of Karo Regency, North Sumatera Province. This research applies the concept and models of community-based disaster management. The research objectives are to make a disaster risk management model based on the community as a contingency plan for Sinabung. A qualitative method is used by the researchers to finish this paper. This research is held in risk area of Mount Sinabung, Karo, Sumatera Selatan. The object of this research is the ability of government, non-government, and also society as actors of concept and models of community-based disaster management communication. The researchers analyze the program and the competency of the actor concept and the models of community-based disaster management communication. The result of this research is a disaster communication model in community- based disaster risk management through Sinabung Eruption Contingency Plan.
Percepção dos estudantes sobre modelo de baixo custo para treinamento de ovariosalpingohisterectomia em pequenos animais
Authors: Kano Natalia , Collere Flávia Carolina Meira , Laube Letícia Fernanda , Stedile Simone Tostes de Oliveira , Carareto Roberta
Published: May 2018

In Veterinary Education, non-harmful alternatives methods have been explored in order to replace the use of animals as a teaching resource. The objective of this study was to analyze the students' opinion regarding the use of a low cost model for training ovariaosalpingohisterectomy in small animals before in vivo performance. There were 21 veterinary medicine students from a Veterinary Surgical Teaching class enrolled in the study. They underwent training in the model before performing the surgery on the animal and then answered a questionnaire regarding the use of the model, including team organization, emotional safety and technique training. Among the students, 95.2% considered that the training improved the flow of tasks, 85.7% felt safer in performing the surgery on the live animal after training with the model and 76.2% considered that the training resulted in an improvement in the surgical ability to perform the surgery. There was also a 23.2% decrease (32 minutes) in surgical time in the live animal, compared to the previous year's group without training in the model. The use of the model had positive results, because besides being well accepted by the students, it brought greater confidence and technical skill during the surgery, reducing the time of the procedure.
Suplementação de bezerros lactentes em cocho privativo: Revisão
Authors: Lopes Dyomar , Guerra Silva Arthur , Trevizoli Ferraz Henrique , De Oliveira Viu Marco Antônio , Gambarini Maria Lúcia , Guilherme de Souza Dirceu , Casaro Saturnino Klaus , Prieto Mendonça Agnes
Published: May 2018

The beef market in Brazil has undergone great changes which directly affect the rural producer. Consumer markets have required products with best quality. Thereat, the systems of creation are evolving to allow the animals being slaughtered younger and with higher weights. The rural properties have wanted fit on this new reality, being that properties as perform calf creates phase they begin to have great importance on the supply chain meat. These need to adopt new techniques that allow the weaning of calves heaviest and greater uniformity on the batch, facilitating the working next phase, the rebuilds. The use of a differentiated and private diet there for the calves on the lactating phase it’s an alternative to achieve the production goal of superior animals at weaning.
Middle East: The Origins of the 'Islamic State' (ISIS)
Authors: Hove Mediel ,   International Centre for Nonviolence, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
Published: May 2018

This article examines the origins of the ‘Islamic State’ or the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham or Levant (ISIS) in light of the contemporary political and security challenges posed by its diffusion of Islamic radicalism. The Arab Spring in 2011 ignited instability in Syria providing an operational base for the terrorist group to pursue its once abandoned Islamic state idea. Its growth and expansion has hitherto proved to be a threat not only to the Middle East but to international security given its thrust on world domination. It concludes that the United States of America’s activities in the Middle East were largely responsible for the rise of the Islamic State.
Philippines: A Review of the Traditional Conflict Resolution Practices Among Indigenous Cultural Communities
Authors: Ragandang III Primitivo Cabanes ,   Mindanao State University-Iligan, Institute of Technology
Published: May 2018

This paper reviews the previous studies related to traditional conflict resolution practices of different indigenous cultural communities in the Philippines. Arranged according to tribes from three major island groups of the Philippines (i.e., Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao), it includes discussion on the system of conflict resolution among tribes, traditional means of conflict resolution among indigenous peoples, and forms and nature of punishments employed.