bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using compatibility charts to optimize research into fire retardants
Authors: Eremina T. Yu. , Korolchenko D. A. , Portnov F. A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction.Interdisciplinary research is a most relevant issue in science and education. The integration of intellectual resources with research and production infrastructure is acknowledged as the main goal of interdisciplinary research in the international practice.The main (analytical) part.The authors propose the following methodological approach to the study, based on the distribution of interdisciplinary methods into groups by the scale of the research subject (material). In this case, the studies have the following levels: microlevel, supramolecular level, material research, design research. The paper presents research methods used at each of these levels. The co-authors propose to optimize the study of performance characteristics of building materials and fire retardants through the use of a compatibility chart with regard for the study levels and the analysis of methods of experimental research at each level.Using a compatibility chart.The methodology of the study. A research into the fire retardant efficiency of esters of phosphoric acid, used to modify wood, was selected as a practical example for compatibility diagrams. The project encompasses a number of methods applicable to compatibility charts: the method of elemental analysis, the Gibbs energy assessment method, the sample surface assessment method, the electron microscopy method, methods of assessing fire-hazardous characteristics of wood, the water sorption method, strength and biosecurity assessment methods.Conclusions.The co-authors first proposed an algorithm for generalizing the empirical data on mechanochemical characteristics of materials using interdisciplinary methods in the form of a compatibility chart. This methodology optimizes research into any composite materials though it preserves targeted research methods and eliminates impractical and concomitant experimental studies, thus, reducing labour costs and environmental impacts.
Methods of improving the fire and explosion safety of operation of liquefied hydrocarbon gas transportation tanks
Authors: Filippov V. N. , Petrov G. I. , Shebeko Yu. N. , Bespalco S. V. , Sergeev I. K.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The problem of fire and explosion safety of liquefied hydrocarbon gas transportation arose in the 1970s. The task was set to design new generation tanks having improved technical and economic parameters and indicators to ensure fire and explosion safety. The co-authors have conducted the analysis of regulatory documentation covering the fire and explosion safety of hydrocarbon gas transportation tanks, which shows the absence of any unified policy in the design of cars designated for hazardous cargoes. Hence, a number of models, having no or insufficiently effective protective devices, are produced. Therefore, the issues of fire and explosion safety were understudied in the earlier research works on design of railroad cars, and the problem has not been resolved. Principal actions aimed at the fire and explosion safety of hydrocarbon gas transportation tanks were implemented by the Russian University of Transport (MIIT). Statistical information on fire hazardous failures and fleet tank accidents, as well as their detailed investigation has been collected. Tank barrel vulnerabilities have been identified; reliability and durability assessment methods have been developed. Priorities for improving the pressurized tank design are outlined. The following items of work have been performed: ● analysis of statistical data on hazardous cargo transportation accidents, ● development of fire hazard emergency scenarios; ● improvement of “Railroad car analysis and design regulations”, ● development of mathematical models designated for the analysis of tanks, ● identification of an unstable temperature field inside a tank barrel, if in the seat of fire, using non-linear heat conduction equations and the finite element method (FEM), ● identification of the stress-strain state of a tank barrel during a fire. Conclusions. Following the completion of the work performed by the Russian University of Transport (MIIT), hydrocarbon gas tanks have obtained a better barrel emergency impact protection. A unified policy in the design of cars for hazardous cargoes is needed and regulatory documentation requirements must be harmonized.
Extinguishment of cable fires at packaged transformer substations
Authors: Ovsyannikov E. A. , Korolchenko D. A. , Semikov V. L.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. According to the statistical data, electrical fires account for the majority of all fire accidents. Hence, better fireproofing of fuel and energy facilities is a relevant issue. The article addresses electrical fire extinguishment using high-expansion foam. An extinguishment time analysis methodology, applicable to fire extinguishment using high-expansion foam, has been developed to validate these solutions. The purpose of this article is to calculate the dependence between the fire extinguishment time and the foam consumption rate. The research objectives are to 1) identify the principal values to be used in the calculations and the list of input data; 2) to identify the dependence between the extinguishment time and the foam consumption rate using packaged transformer substation 2BKTP (1,000 kVA) as an example. Calculation methodology. The calculation methodology is based on the material balance equation between the amount of foam, applied for firefighting purposes, and the amount of foam, destroyed as a result of its contact with the heated wire surface, which is the main fire load inside burning electrical facilities. Research results. The co-authors have calculated the fire suppression time using packaged transformer substation 2BKTP (1,000 kVA) as an example. Dependencies between fire extinguishment time, specific foam consumption rate, and foam application rate are identified. Conclusions. The co-authors have identified the main values, needed to simulate a fire extinguishing model. They have also shown optimal foam consumption and application rates and offered their assessment of the applicability of high-expansion foam to electrical fires.
Using the flammability potential and the exergy indicator to assess the fire hazard of the rail transportation of cargoes
Authors: Koroleva L. A. , Khaydarov A. G. , Ivakhnyuk G. K. , Akterskiy Yu. E.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Problems of fire safety of dangerous goods (DG) in the process of their rail transportation have not been fully resolved. The flammability assessment of substances and materials is insufficiently impartial; an integrated indicator, that allows to apply a consolidated methodological standpoint to improve their energy efficiency and environmental/fire safety is unavailable.The purpose of this work is to substantiate the feasibility and advantages of the exergy approach to assessing the fire hazard of the exhaust gas emitted from railroad transport.

Materials and methods. The use of the flammability potential as an integrated indicator of the fire hazard of cargoes has a number of limitations. The exergy approach has a strong potential if applied to the assessment and prediction of fire hazards. Present-day and potential railroad cargoes serve as examples that substantiate the feasibility of this approach.

Results and its discussion. Dependences between fire hazard indicators (flash points, flame propagation limits, auto-ignition points, heat of combustion) demonstrated by the components of liquid and gaseous fuels and the chemical exergy were identified.A study of changes in the physical exergy triggered by spills and combustion were illustrated by liquefied natural gas and liquefied hydrocarbon gases having various compositions. Physical exergy change patterns depending on the temperature and pressure of the above products were developed.For self-ignitable cargoes, dependences between the physical exergy and activation energy, critical ambient temperature, and heat capacity of self-heating materials were identified. The influence of thermal conductivity and humidity coefficients on the exergy value is established.Exergy changes were determined depending on the elemental composition of solid municipal waste, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon content. Polymers and rubbers have the highest values of this indicator.An exergy indicator was introduced to assess fire and environmental hazards of substances and materials; it serves as the basis for the classification of cargoes.

Conclusions. The use of the exergy indicator allows to increase the objectivity of assessments and take account of technical, economic, environmental criteria and indicators of fire hazards within an integrated system.
Tent fabric used by seasonal children’s camps: fire risk assessment
Authors: Konstantinova N. I. , Zuban A. V. , Poedintsev E. A. , Golov N. V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The use of fireproof tent fabric at children’s tent camps remains a relevant problem. It may be resolved by developing a special flammability assessment methodology and criteria applicable to materials, used as the structural framework of tents. This solution will determine the choice of fabric.

Aims and purposes. Materials, currently used to make tents, include natural or synthetic fabric and various polymers, that may be a fire hazard. In case of fire, safe evacuation of people may be unfeasible, although it is particularly important for children’s seasonal tent camps designated for sports and leisure.Domestic regulatory documents, that are currently in force, contain solely general technical requirements applicable to travel tents or ensuring fire safety in the territory of children’s tent camps, but there are neither fire safety requirements applicable to tent materials, nor any methods of their assessment. Meanwhile, there were cases of fire at children’s tent camps.The purpose of this work is to establish fire safety requirements applicable to tent materials used at children’s tent camps, to develop their testing criteria and methodology.The main objectives to be accomplished in order to achieve the pre-set purpose include the analysis of effective regulatory requirements and methods used to determine the flammability of tent materials, the establishment of parameters and criteria designated for their assessment and the development of a standard testing methodology.

Results and discussion. Experimental studies were carried out to assess a set of flammability-related parameters of several types of fabric and polymers used to make outer/inner tents and ground sheets. It has been determined that currently used materials are fire-hazardous; therefore, it is advisable to limit the production of tents from combustible and flammable materials whose combustion may be triggered by low-calorie ignition sources, including those that can melt or release toxic combustion products.Currently used standard methods were applied to develop modified methodologies and classification criteria needed to assess the flammability of tent materials for children’s summer camps; experimental studies were also carried out.

Conclusions. A draft national standard has been developed; it implies the establishment of the flammability assessment methodology and criteria and restricts the use of tent materials, that are extremely hazardous in terms of the toxicity of their combustion products.
Assessment of the electrical conductivity of thermally activated water jets containing injections of inhibiting salt used to extinguish electrical equipment at gas compressor stations
Authors: Roenko V. V. , Chistyakov T. I. , Tarakanov D. V. , Khalikov R. V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. One of the main problems of fire extinguishing at gas compressor stations is fires in confined spaces where electrical installations can be under voltage. To extinguish these fires, the co-authors propose to use jets of thermally activated water containing salts that inhibit burning. It is necessary to assess the electrical conductivity of water jets to prevent the exposure of fire-fighting units to electrical injuries.

Materials and methods. In the experimental study, the principal electricity measuring instrument is digital dc megaohmmeter M4122U, which takes readings if operated from a laptop. The flow rate was measured using IT 2518 measurement complex and TDR14–2–3 primary flow converter of the turbine type. Termit T-35 hardness converter performed electromagnetic water treatment.

Theoretical fundamentals. Measurements of leakage currents in jets of thermally activated water, fed through fire nozzles mounted onto a multi-purpose fire truck, were taken, and the maximum permissible distance to an electrical installation was determined experimentally and analytically using an experimental stand.

Results and discussions. Averaged values of resistance of a jet of thermally activated water fed from a long-range nozzle at control points do not leave the confidence corridor with a probability of 0.95, which means that they do not cause a significant change in dc resistance. Inhibiting salt, injected into the water, reduces the resistance of jets of thermally activated water by no more than 2–3 % compared to under-heated water. The treatment of the inhibiting salt, injected into the under-heated water, using Termit T-35 hardness converter, does not significantly change the resistance of thermally activated water jets.

Conclusions. It is theoretically and experimentally proved that the injection of inhibiting salts into the underheated water, as well as the electromagnetic treatment of water using low-power stiffness converters, do not significantly affect the electrical conductivity of jets of thermally activated water if compared to jets that contain no inhibiting admixtures. The extinguishing of surfaces of electrical installations using jets of thermally activated water containing flame inhibiting injections of salts, as well as the development of an inerting concentration in confined spaces of gas compressor stations is electrically safe for any person engaged in fire extinguishing.
The problem of state governance in the technosphere and its transition to a new risk-oriented model: the case of fire safety assurance
Authors: Ershov A. V. , Korobko V. B.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this work has nothing to do with the measurement of this contradiction or its pace; rather, it is aimed at the observation of facts and identification of the smoothest way (means, logistics) to resolve this problematic situation. This approach stems from the fact that the recent international centennial practice has shown that the “relief” of years-long social tensions (that hamper any further development) by means of revolutionary public changes does not lead to protection of safeguarded public values (primarily, human health and lives, as well as human welfare); everything happens the other way round.The Centre for Education and Research into the Management of Supervisory Activities of the Academy of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia has accumulated successful experience in application of the risk-oriented model of regulation of relations in the technosphere (the case of fire safety assurance aimed at the resolution of problematic situations in the process of design, operation, and organization of supervisory activities, fire investigations performed within the framework of court-appointed examinations, in the process of revising the legal and regulatory framework). This experience enables actors to make conclusions of public significance. The main conclusion deals with conversion of the present-day legal and regulatory framework focused on public relations in the field of the technosphere into the framework full of striking and proactive chaos. Specialists, trained to apply the standard model of state supervision, are unable to comprehend and adequately apply the effective legislation.The co-authors have formulated the assumption that the introduction of a risk-oriented model into the system of state supervision requires a drastic change in the professional mindset (professional culture) of executives responsible for governing the relations dealing with the technosphere, or (fire) safety assurance (employees of licensing and authorization departments)).
INTELLIGENT AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OBJECTS TECHNICAL DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Kashevarova Galina , Semina Anastasia , Maksimova Svetlana
Published: July 2021

The intelligent and digital technologies implementation into the civil engineer expert activities is able to provide alternative solutions to different qualifications specialists. This will increase the speed of data processing and the reliability of the expert opinion on the technical condition of the operated construction objects as well as will allow assessing their real residual resource for making a decision on the possibility of further exploitation. The ontology and the original technology for the main system components determination are necessary to achieve the goal (the confinement model) used for the structural and functional analysis of the knowledge system. The entire technologies set for the architectural and construction objects (digital documentation, scan results, thermal imager data, non-destructive survey methods data), data about structure’s defects and damage, appropriate software as well as intelligent technologies (fuzzy logic, neural networks) are used for more thoroughly diagnose certain construction parts and transmit digital information to determine the technical condition category. Also, this data set can be used for following situations: a control of the dynamics of changes in the technical state of a construction object, an improvement the accuracy of determining the scope of repair work, an enhancement the quality of project documentation, methods for assessing the quality of restoration work and measures for the conservation of architectural monuments, etc.
LOCALIZATION OF SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL THEORY OF ELASTICITY WITH THE USE OF B-SPLINE DISCRETE-CONTINUAL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: Mozgaleva Marina , Akimov Pavel , Kaytukov Taymuraz
Published: July 2021

Localization of solution of the problem of two-dimensional theory of elasticity with the use of B-spline discrete-continual finite element method (specific version of wavelet-based discrete-continual finite element method) is under consideration in the distinctive paper. The original operational continual and discrete-continual formulations of the problem are given, some actual aspects of construction of normalized basis functions of a B-spline are considered, the corresponding local constructions for an arbitrary discrete-continual finite element are described, some information about the numerical implementation and an example of analysis are presented.
Thymus numidicus: phenolic constituents, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of butanolic extract
Authors: Ait Kaki Farid , Benkiniouar Rachid , Touil Ahmed , Demirtas Ibrahim , Merzoug Amina , Khattabi Latifa
Published: July 2021

Thymus numidicus Poir. (Lamiaceae) is a native plant of northern Algeria and Tunisia. It is used in traditional medicine in Algeria to treat respiratory and digestive diseases, and as a spice in food preparations. This study aimed to characterize the chemical constituents and to evaluate antibacterial and antioxidant activities of 1-butanol (BuOH) extract of aerial parts of T. numidicus. A total of 15 phenolic compounds were identified using HPLC-TOF/MS analysis, among them eight phenolic acids, five flavonoids and a stilbenoid glycoside named polydatin, which were reported for the first time from the species. Antibacterial effects of BuOH extract were determined using the disc diffusion method against four bacteria strains, where it has displayed a weak activity against three of them. In addition, BuOH extract showed significant antioxidant activity, which was measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays for free radical scavenging activity, and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity assay. Our results suggest the use of T. numidicus as a natural antioxidant in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Therapeutic potential of L-arginine in a rat model of ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Banerjee Oly , Singh Siddhartha , Bose Ananya , Kundu Sudipta , Banerjee Maitrayee , Ray Dibyendu , Maji Bithin Kumar , Mukherjee Sandip
Published: July 2021

Ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious problem subsequent to reperfusion treatment for ovarian torsion. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in ovarian I/R injury is debatable. The main focus of this study was to explore the protective role of L-arginine, a potent NO precursor, on ovarian I/R injury. Female Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 5). In the control group, only laparotomy was performed. In the I/R group, ischaemia and reperfusion were performed and no drug was given. In the I/R + arginine group, ischaemia was followed by reperfusion and 200 mg kg  L-arginine was injected 5 min before reperfusion. Concentration of malondialdehyde, NO and reduced glutathione, as well as activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase were analyzed. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were microscopically examined for histological evaluation of the ovaries. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity along with concentration of reduced glutathione and NO were significantly lower in the I/R group in comparison to the control group. Malondialdehyde concentration was significantly higher in the I/R group than in control group. These results were reversed with supplementation of L-arginine. Light microscopic examination revealed severe vascular congestion, edema, haemorrhage, and follicular degeneration in the ovary tissue. The extent of ovarian damage was much higher in the I/R group than in the I/R + L-arginine group. Treatment with L-arginine seems to have an ameliorating effect against oxidative stress in I/R injury in rat ovary. It considerably reduced the altered histological changes in the ovaries. Thus, it can be speculated that L-arginine might play a pivotal role as a potent therapeutic agent against ovarian torsion.
Effect of UV-B radiation on physiological and biochemical changes in a freshwater cyanobacterium, Scytonema hofmannii
Authors: Rupali Bhandari , Sharma Prabhat Kumar
Published: July 2021

The effect of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation and UV-B supplemented with low photosynthetically active radiation was investigated on photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments, phycobilisomes, peroxidation of membrane lipids, fatty acids, and UV-B absorbing pigments in the freshwater cyanobacterium, Scytonema hofmannii. The present work aimed to study the UV-B radiation effect on photosynthesis and relate it to oxidative damage and protection provided by the UV-B absorbing compounds in a freshwater cyanobacterium. The results showed that photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments were primarily affected by UV-B radiation, which seems to be the consequence of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as both ROS generation and oxidative damage to membrane lipids were observed, resulting in decreased survival of the test organisms. There was no significant change in the saturation and unsaturation level of fatty acids due to the treatments. We also suggest the role of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and scytonemin in protection against UV-B damage. Our results suggest that changes in photosynthesis, pigments, and peroxidation of membrane lipids may be a consequence of damage. In contrast, changes in fatty acids essentially resulted from the adaptation process against UV-B, and changes in UV-B absorbing compounds such as MAAs and scytonemin provided protection against the harmful effect of UV-B radiation.
Using MVDA with Stoichiometric Balances to Optimize Amino Acid Concentrations in Chemically Defined CHO Cell Culture Medium for Improved Culture Performance
Authors: Salim Taha , Chauhan Gaurav , Templeton Neil , Ling Wai Lam
Published: July 2021

Chemically defined (CD) media are routinely used in the production of
biologics in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell culture and provide
enhanced raw material control. Nutrient optimized CD media is an
important path to increase cell growth and monoclonal antibody (mAb)
productivity in recombinant CHO cell lines. However, nutrient
optimization efforts for CD media typically rely on multi-factorial and
experimental design of experiment (DoE) approaches or complex
mathematical models of cellular metabolism or gene expression systems.
Moreover, the majority of these efforts are aimed at amino acids since
they constitute essential nutrients in CD media as they directly
contribute to biomass and protein production. In this study, we
demonstrate the utilization of multi-variate data analytics (MVDA)
coupled with amino acid stoichiometric balances (SBs) to increased cell
growth and mAb productivity in efforts to reduce CD media development
efforts. SBs measure the difference between theoretical demand of amino
acids and the empirically measured fluxes to identify metabolic states
of the cell. When coupled with MVDA, the statistical models were not
only able to highlight key amino acids towards cell growth or
productivity, but also provided direction on metabolic favorability of
the amino acid. Experimental validation of our approach resulted in a
55% increase in total cell growth and about an 80% increase in total
mAb productivity. Increased specific consumption of stoichiometrically
balanced amino acids and decreased specific consumption of glucose was
also observed in optimized CD media suggesting favorable consumption of
desired nutrients and a potential for energy redistribution towards
increased cellular growth or mAb productivity.
Development and application of a high sensitivity immunochromatographic test strip for detecting classical swine fever virus antibody
Authors: Bai Yilin , Jia Rui , Wei Qiang , Wang Li , Sun Yaning , Li Yiwei , Luo Jun , Zhang Gaiping
Published: July 2021

Classical swine fever (CSF) is caused by classical swine fever virus
(CSFV) and has led to huge ecnomic losses for the pig industry
worldwide. Although vaccination and other control measures have been
carried out, it is essential to establish a rapid and valid method for
CSF vaccination monitoring and clinical diagnosis. CSFV E2 protein has
been well-known as a major antigen for antibody detection. It is
significant to improve affinity between E2 protein and CSFV antibody for
a better performance of detection method. In this study, a recombinant
E2 extracellular protein (aa 1-331), which has a native homodimer
conformation and has a high affinity with anti-CSFV-E2 monoclonal
antibody WH303, was expressed using Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression
system. A novel immunochromatographic test strip based on the
recombinant CSFV E2 protein was developed for CSFV antibody detection.
The sensitivity of this strip for detecting CSFV standard positive serum
was 1:102400, 4 times higher than that of the previously developed CnC2
test strip. No cross reaction with antibodies of other swine viruses was
observed. The detection of clinical swine serum samples (n=138)
demonstrated that the agreements of this E2 test strip with three
commercial ELISA kits were 88.40% (122/138), 86.23% (119/138), and
96.38% (133/138), respectively. Our data indicated that a novel E2 test
strip with higher sensitivity has been developed and can be applied for
clinical sample detections, providing a new powerful and simple approach
for CSFV antibody monitoring.
COVID-19 with rapid progression to hypoxemia likely due to imbalance between ventilation and blood flow: A case report
Authors: Koriyama Nobuyuki , Moriuchi Akihiro , Higashi Kensaku , Kataoka Tetsuro , Arimizu Takuro , Takaguchi Go , Matsuoka Hideki , Otsuka Maki
Published: July 2021

We experienced a case of COVID-19 with hypoxia, which was presumed to be
due to the development of ventilation and blood flow imbalance by
pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy or hypoxic pulmonary
vasoconstriction. Early, short-term combination therapy with remdesivir,
nafamostat mesilate and low-dose dexamethasone was extremely effective.
Reduced radiotherapy by combining chemotherapy with intrathecal administration of methotrexate for pediatric patients with intracranial germ cell tumor
Authors: Okada Keiko , Kosaka Yoshiyuki , Taga Takashi , Soejima Toshinori , Sakamoto Hiroaki , Hirato Junko , Takimoto Tetsuya , Hara Junichi
Published: July 2021

Background: Treatment of intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) involves
radiation therapy to the whole ventricle or the whole neuroaxis, but
late sequelae are a concern. Therefore, an alternative modality is
needed to reduce the overreliance on radiation therapy. Intrathecal
methotrexate (IT-MTX) was examined as a partial alternative to
radiotherapy. Procedure: Low-risk (LR) patients (germinoma) were treated
with four cycles of cisplatin, etoposide, and IT-MTX, while
intermediate-risk (IR) (human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG]-producing
germinoma) and high-risk (HR) (non-germinomatous GCT) patients were
treated with five cycles of cisplatin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and
IT-MTX. Local irradiation of 24 Gy was performed for the LR and IR
patients, while irradiation with 51.2 Gy was performed for the HR cases.
For patients with multifocal diseases and/or tumors extending to the 3rd
ventricle, whole ventricle irradiation was performed. Results: A total
of 57 patients were enrolled, of which three withdrew consent. Thus, 54
patients were included in the outcome analysis. The 5-year
progression-free survival and overall survival were 92.0% (standard
error 4.4%) and 100%, respectively, for 28 LR and 10 IR patients
(median follow-up: 63 months), and 86.7% (8.8%) and 93.3% (6.4%)
(median follow-up: 67 months), respectively, for 16 HR patients. The
major toxicity was hematological, and most patients experienced grade 4.
Conclusion: The toxicity of chemotherapy containing IT-MTX was limited,
and the results suggested that this regimen could reduce the need for
radiotherapy.
Increasing Severity of Early-Onset Atopic Dermatitis, But Not Late-Onset, Associates with Development of Aeroallergen Sensitization and Allergic Rhinitis in Childhood
Authors: Schoos Ann-Marie Malby , Chawes Bo , Bønnelykke Klaus , Stokholm Jakob , Rasmussen Morten , Bisgaard Hans
Published: July 2021

Background: Early exposure to allergens through a defect skin
barrier has been proposed as a mechanism for inducing sensitization and
development of allergic diseases. We hypothesized that early-onset,
severe atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with development of
aeroallergen sensitization and allergic rhinitis. Methods: We
included 368 children from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma
in Childhood (COPSAC ) at-risk
mother-child cohort. AD was diagnosed prospectively based on
Hanifin&Rajka’s criteria and severity assessed using the Scoring Atopic
Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Early-onset AD was defined as debut ≤1 year,
late-onset as debut from 1-6 years. Aeroallergen sensitization and
allergic rhinitis were diagnosed at ages 6-7 and 12 years. Associations
between early-onset and late-onset AD and allergy endpoints were
calculated using general estimating equations (GEE) models to compute
the overall odds ratios (OR) for both time points. Results:
Early-onset AD (yes/no) and severity (SCORAD) were associated with
development of aeroallergen sensitization during childhood; GEE OR=1.68
[1.08; 2.62], p=0.02 and 1.08 [1.03; 1.12], p<0.001,
whereas late-onset was not; GEE OR=1.65 [0.92; 2.94], p=0.08 and
1.01 [0.97; 1.06], p=0.55. The same trend was seen for allergic
rhinitis with significant association between early-onset AD and
allergic rhinitis; GEE OR=1.56 [1.01; 2.41], p=0.04 and severity;
GEE OR=1.09 [1.05; 1.13], p<0.001, whereas late-onset AD
showed no association. The effects on sensitization and rhinitis of
early-onset vs. late-onset AD severity were significantly different:
p-interaction =0.03 and p-interaction
<0.01. Conclusion: Increasing
severity of early-onset AD, but not late-onset AD, associates with
aeroallergen sensitization and allergic rhinitis later in childhood.
Neurocognitive changes in cancer patients as a current challenge in psycho-oncology
Authors: Kovac Aleksandra , Bugarski-Ignjatovic Vojislava , Tovilovic Snezana , Boban Jasmina , Kozic Dusko
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Along with a high intensity emotional distress, cancer patients
often face neurocognitive changes that are particularly pronounced after
chemotherapy. Clinical features of neurocognitive deficits in non-central
nervous system cancer patients. So far, studies have demonstrated that
neurocognitive changes most often occur in domains of executive functions,
attention and concentration, working memory, information processing speed
and visuospatial abilities, but there is still no definite protocol for the
diagnosis and management of this condition. Potential causal mechanisms and
risk factors. Apart from chemotherapy, there are other factors associated
with the development and manifestation of neurocognitive deficits in cancer
patients: genetic, biological, psychological and socio-demographic.
Assessment of cancer-related cognitive impairments. When assessing potential
cognitive impairments, it is beneficial to combine neuropsychological test
battery and self-report questionnaires for the assessment of cognitive and
affective status, as well as modern neuroimaging methods that will indicate
neural (structural and functional) changes underlying neurocognitive
deficit. The role of psychosocial factors: implications for future research.
In addition to cognitive reserve and emotional status, the patient?s
personal characteristics may very likely play an important role in
explaining neurocognitive functioning and neurocognitive adaptation of
cancer patients upon completion of treatment. Conclusion. Further studies
are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying neurocognitive changes in
cancer patients, with special emphasis on the contribution of psychosocial
factors. Based on the novel findings, adequate and timely cognitive
rehabilitation treatment will be provided for patients suffering from
malignant diseases.
Multy-system complications of accidental hypothermia: A case report
Authors: Dejanovic Bozidar , Savic Zeljka , Icin Tijana , Vracaric Vladimir , Calic Vanja , Janjic Nebojsa
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Accidental hypothermia is an unintentional fall in core
temperature to less than 35?C and it occurs when the body?s heat loss
exceeds its heat production. The elderly population is particularly
susceptible due to reduced adaptability to low temperatures and various
comorbidities, which may be predisposing factors. Case Report. A 65-year-old
Caucasian female was admitted to the hospital due to hypothermia (< 34?C),
severe hypoglycemia (0.7 mmol/L), metabolic acidosis (6.970), elevated urea
(42.4 mmol/L) and creatinine (686 ?mol/L). The initial examination revealed
shivering, dysarthria and general exhaustion. Hyperamylasemia (241 U/L) and
hyperlipasemia (1920 U/L) were found on the second day after admission.
Contrast enhanced computed tomography showed a focal asymmetric enlargement
of the pancreatic head and body. Furthermore, a splenic infarction was also
noticed. The complexity of human thermoregulatory mechanisms indicates the
importance of precipitating factors in the development of hypothermia. Our
patient presented with several precipitating factors such as age, sex,
urinary tract infection, diabetes, and metformin-induced severe
hypoglycemia. Conclusion. Based on the presented case and the relevant
literature, it can be concluded that the clinical picture of hypothermia may
be extremely complex. Knowledge of all the mechanisms involved in
multi-organ failure due to hypothermia is of utmost importance, in order to
conduct adequate and timely targeted diagnosis and apply appropriate
treatment.
Boris Asafiev and soviet musical thought: Reputation and influence
Authors: Elphick Daniel
Published: July 2021

The theories of Boris Asafiev, including musical process, symphonism, and
intonatsiya, proved to be hugely influential in the Soviet Union and beyond.
While Asafiev?s ideas were widely adopted by theorists and audiences alike,
they were also appropriated by a generation of music critics. As composers
struggled to come to terms with what might constitute socialist-realist
music, critics built a discourse of projecting meaning onto works via
Asafiev?s theories. At the same time, multiple theorists developed and
expanded his ideas. The picture that emerges is of a multitude of
applications and responses to a multivalent body of work that became a vital
part of musical discourse in the latter half of the Soviet Union. In this
article, I survey the main theories from Boris Asafiev?s writings on music,
and their significance after his death. I begin by defining key terms such
as symphonism, musical process, and especially intonatsiya. I then discuss
the 1948 Zhdanovshchina and Asafiev?s involvement, and the less well-known
1949 discussions on Musicology. For the remainder of the article, I provide
examples of key studies from Soviet music theorists using Asafiev?s terms to
illustrate how their usage expanded and, in some cases, moved away from
Asafiev?s myriad intentions.
Contribution of the Yugoslav Sokol organizations to the interwar sphere of music
Authors: Vesic Ivana
Published: July 2021

In this article part of musical activities of two federal Sokol organizations
(JSS and SSKJ) in interwar Yugoslavia will be thoroughly examined. Despite
the fact that these organizations were primarily focused on development of
gymnastics and certain individual sports, cultural advancement of its
members as well as of Yugoslav population also occupied an important place,
particularly in the 1930s. As a result of broadening of Sokol?s work,
musical amateurism started to gain prominence in Sokol legions, societies
and parishes (zupe). This was reflected in the proliferation of Sokol vocal
and instrumental ensembles, as well as their performances in various Sokol
units, both in urban and rural areas. The flourishing of musical activities
among Sokols from different parts of the country led to the change of
circumstances in the cultural sphere of these regions, particularly in the
undeveloped ones. Among other things, this included giving an impetus to the
preservation and popularization of tamburitza orchestras and epic singing to
the accompaniment of the gusle, promotion of national and Slavic music
repertoire and enrichment and diversification of musical life.
Historical HbA1c Values May Explain the Type 2 Diabetes Legacy Effect: UKPDS 88
Authors: Lind Marcus , Imberg Henrik , Coleman Ruth L. , Nerman Olle , Holman Rury R.
Published: July 2021

Objective Type 2 diabetes all-cause
mortality (ACM) and myocardial infarction (MI) glycaemic legacy effects have
not been explained. We examined their
relationships with prior individual HbA1c values and explored the
potential impact of instituting earlier, compared with delayed,
glucose-lowering therapy.

Research design and methods Twenty-year all-cause mortality (ACM) and myocardial infarction (MI) hazard functions were estimated from
diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in 3,802 UK Prospective Diabetes Study
participants. HbA1c values impact over time were analysed by weighting
them according to their influence on downstream ACM and MI risks.

Results Hazard ratios for a 1 percentage unit higher HbA1c for ACM
were 1.08 (95% CI 1.07-1.09), 1.18 (1.15–1.21) and 1.36 (1.30–1.42) at 5, 10
and 20 years respectively, and for MI 1.13 (1.11–1.15) at 5 years increasing to
1.31 (1.25–1.36) at 20 years.

Imposing a one percentage unit lower HbA1c from diagnosis generated
an 18.8% (95% CI 21.1%–16.0%) ACM risk reduction 10-15 years later, whereas
delaying this reduction until 10 years after diagnosis showed a 7-fold lower
2.7% (3.1%-2.3%) risk reduction. Corresponding MI risk reductions were 19.7%
(22.4%-16.5%) when lowering HbA1c at diagnosis, and 3-fold lower
6.5% (7.4%-5.3%) when imposed 10 years later.

Conclusions The glycaemic legacy effects seen in type 2 diabetes are explained
largely by historical HbA1c values having a greater impact than
recent values on clinical outcomes. Early detection of diabetes and intensive
glucose control from the time of diagnosis is essential to maximise reduction
of the long-term risk of glycaemic complications.
Circulating Free Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Signature Predicts Early Rapid Kidney Function Decline in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Afshinnia Farsad , Rajendiran Thekkelnaycke M. , He Chenchen , Byun Jaeman , Montemayor Daniel , Darshi Manjula , Tumova Jana , Kim Jiwan , Limonte Christine P , Miller Rachel G. , Costacou Tina , Orchard Trevor J. , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Rossing Peter , Snell-Bergeon Janet K , Boer Ian H. de , Natarajan Loki , Michailidis George , Sharma Kumar , Pennathur Subramaniam
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) exhibit modest lipid abnormalities
as measured by traditional metrics. This study aimed to identify lipidomic
predictors of rapid decline of
kidney function in T1D.

Research Design and Methods: In a Case-Control study, 817 T1D patients from
3 large cohorts were randomly split into training and validation subsets. Case was
defined as >3 mL/min/1.73 m2/year decline in estimated glomerular
filtration rate (eGFR) while Control was defined as <1 mL/min/1.73 m2/year
decline over a minimum 4-year follow up. Lipids were quantified in baseline
serum samples using a targeted mass spectrometry lipidomic platform.

Results: At individual lipids, free fatty-acid (FFA)20:2 was directly, and phosphatidylcholine
(PC)16:0/22:6 was inversely and independently associated with rapid eGFR decline.
When examined by lipid class, rapid eGFR decline was characterized by higher
abundance of unsaturated FFAs, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-Ps and PCs with an
unsaturated acyl chain at the sn1 carbon, and by lower abundance of saturated
FFAs, longer triacylglycerols, and PCs, PEs, PE-Ps, and PE-Os with an
unsaturated acyl chain at the sn1 carbon at eGFR ≥90 mL/min. A multi-lipid
panel consisting of unsaturated FFAs and saturated PE-Ps predicted rapid eGFR
decline better than individual lipids (C-statistic, 0.71) and improved
C-statistic of clinical model from 0.816 to 0.841 (p=0.039). Observations were
confirmed in the validation subset.

Conclusion: Distinct from previously reported predictors of GFR decline in type
2 diabetes, these findings suggest differential incorporation of FFAs at sn1 carbon
of the phospholipids’ glycerol backbone as independent predictor of rapid GFR decline
in T1D.
Evaluation of structural and mechanical properties of high strength aluminum alloy components fabricated using laser powder bed fusion process
Authors: Nandy Jyotirmoy , Sahoo Seshadev , Sarangi Hrushikesh , Sabat Rama Krushna
Published: July 2021

The structural and mechanical analyses were performed on an aluminum alloy (AlSi10Mg) fabricated using a laser powder bed fusion process where the laser power and the scan speed were varied. An x-ray diffraction analysis was performed on the specimens and Mg2Si clusters were detected. A heat-affected zone and fine and coarse grain regions were observed using optical microscopy and a field emission scanning electron microscope. By increasing the laser power at a fixed scan speed, the microstructure becomes finer, which was further confirmed by measuring the size of grains. By increasing the scan speed at a fixed laser power, the microstructure was found to be coarser. Relative density, microhardness, and surface roughness tests were performed on specimens to study the mechanical properties. An increase in laser power improved the relative density and microhardness wherein the surface roughness reduced. An increase in scan speed resulted in a decrease in relative density and microhardness of the samples, which increased the surface roughness.
PKM Pemberdayaan Keterampilan Model Komunikasi Instruksional Guru SD Duri Kepa 05
Authors: Susanto Ratnawati , Syofyan Harlinda , Febriani Erna , Nisa Mahwar Alfan , Oktafiani Oktafiani , Yolanda Yona Dwi , Tobing Lidya Agatha Lumban , Diani Septi Bela , Hendrawan Belinda Bilqiis , Alfira Alyannida , Cahyaningrum Dian Erisa Nurmala , Oktavia Heni , Nurlinda Bellina Dwi
Published: July 2021

Berdasarkan Identifikasi permasalahan sekolah mitra, maka dilakukan skala prioritas pengembangan kompetensi pedagogik sebagai kebutuhan mendasar guru SD Duri Kepa 05. Kebutuhan pengembangan kompetensi pedagogik perlu dilakukan terutama terkait dengan komunikasi instruksional guru yang masih sangat membutuhkan proses komunikasi yang dipola dan dirancang secara khusus untuk mengubah perilaku siswa dalam komunitas tertentu ke arah yang lebih baik. Terlebih  ketika “Belajar dari Rumah (Pembelajaran Daring)” dilakukan pada masa pandemi covid-19, maka permasalahan tersebut semakin mencuat dan relasi interaksi edukatif dan tindakah humanis menjadi fokus dari sebuah kompetensi pedagogik guru. Rekomendasi solusi permasalahan dilakukan melalui kegiatan pendampingan dan pemberdayaan Pola Komunikasi Instruksional sebagai peningkatan kompetensi pedagogik. Penguasaan kompetensi terhadap pola komunikasi instruksional dibentuk melalui pemahaman pengetahuan konsep  dan keterampilan terhadap metode Student Centered Learning baik ketika belajar dilakukan di sekolah ataupun belajar di rumah (daring). Metode yang digunakan adalah melalui Sosialisasi, Refleksi  diri dan Pemetaan, Pengembangan Kompetensi, Pengukuran dan Evaluasi Program.  Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan menununjukkan hasil meningkatnya pengetahuan guru mengenai konsep dasar pola komunikasi instruksional dan keterampilan komunikasi instruksional adalah dari 40% menajdi 90% dengan rerata peningkatan  83%.
Profitability Analysis on Company Value with Good Corporate Governance As A Moderating Variable
Authors: Pramesti Florentina Yuniar , Rita Maria Rio
Published: July 2021

Financial performance is a measure of the poor performance of a company. The financial performance is influenced by the business strategy implemented by the company itself. This study aims to analyze the profitability variable on firm value with Good Corporate Governance (GCG) as moderate. The profitability variable was measured using the Return on Assets (ROA) value. Meanwhile, Company Value is measured by Tobin's Q. GCG as a variable is measured by two proxies, the Independent Board of Commissioners and the Audit Committee. The sample in this study was 10 State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) in finance and insurance listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2016-2020 period. The technique used in this research is purposive sampling. The study results indicate that profitability has a significant effect on firm value. Based on the value of t count (3.955) > t table (0.677) and the value of Sig (0.000) <0.05. GCG (Good Corporate Governance) can moderate the effect of profitability on firm value based on the value of t count (8.096) > ttable (0.677), and the Audit Committee based on the value of t count (8.332) > ttable (0.677). Profitability can explain the variation of the firm value variable based on the R2 value of 28.5%, and GCG (Independent Board of Commissioners and Audit Committee) can strengthen the relationship between profitability and firm value to 47.7%.