bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of resistance of corn varieties to Dalbulus Maidis (Delong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: de Souza Ruana Regina Negrão , Marques Rodrigo Neves
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of 10 corn varieties to Dalbulus maidis. The attractiveness of corn plants to D. maidis for feeding and/or shelter, as well as oviposition with and without choice, was examined. The effects on the development stages of D. maidis in different varieties and the damage caused by D. maidis in corn plants were assessed. The IAC AIRAN and Amarelo Astecão varieties showed the highest mean preference by adults compared to Pipoca Roxo Kika, which was the least preferred. For oviposition with a choice, there was no statistically significant difference, but for oviposition without a choice, more eggs were laid on Al Bandeirante compared to Amarelo Astecão. Insects maintained on NS 90 PRO 2 plants exhibited the longest nymphal period, and those on Pipoca Roxo Kika had the longest developmental period compared to insects on Branco Pedro 2. Insects on Amarelo Laleska, Amarelo Astecão, NS 90 PRO 2, Pipoca Roxo Kika, and Vermelho Pedro showed the shortest longevities compared to insects on Al Bandeirante. Growth percentage data and visual damage scale did not show statistically significant differences. A dendrogram indicated the formation of two major groups: susceptible varieties and resistant varieties. The results of this research may have identified sources of resistance in corn plants, which could assist in controlling D. maidis, guide the selection of materials for cultivation in the field, and inform corn breeding programs.
Examining the Predictive Precision of Open-Source Simulators for Boosting Reliability and Widespread Acceptance: Thermodynamic Insights into Ethane Dehydrogenation
Authors: OYEGOKE Toyese
Published: February 2024

Process simulators remain integral to training engineers across industries, encompassing nuclear, petrochemical, biochemical, and chemical sectors. Their role in teaching various chemical engineering disciplines, including design, integration, thermodynamics, safety, and separation processes, is invaluable. While most simulators are commercial, known for user-friendliness and global confidence, their high costs limit accessibility for low-income schools. In contrast, freeware simulators, though less recognized, present a cost-effective alternative. This study compares the predictive capabilities of commercial and freeware simulators, demonstrating the reliability of open-source options. The recommendation emerges to instruct process engineers using affordable freeware simulators, particularly in economically challenged regions where research funding is scarce.
Organic Matrices of Calcium Carbonate Biominerals Improve Osteoblastic Mineralization
Authors: Nahle Sarah , Lutet-Toti Camille , Namikawa Yuto , Piet Marie-Hélène , Brion Alice , Peyroche Sylvie , Suzuki Michio , Marin Frédéric , Rousseau Marthe
Published: February 2024

Many organisms incorporate inorganic solids into their tissues to improve functional and mechanical properties. The resulting mineralized tissues are called biominerals. Several studies have shown that nacreous biominerals induce osteoblastic extracellular mineralization. Among them, Pinctada margaritifera is well known for the ability of its organic matrix to stimulate bone cells. In this context, we aimed to study the effects of shell extracts from three other Pinctada species (Pinctada radiata, Pinctada maxima, and Pinctada fucata) on osteoblastic extracellular matrix mineralization, by using an in vitro model of mouse osteoblastic precursor cells (MC3T3-E1). For a better understanding of the Pinctada-bone mineralization relationship, we evaluated the effects of 4 other nacreous mollusks that are phylogenetically distant and distinct from the pinctadas. In addition, we tested 12 non-nacreous mollusks and one extra-group. Biomineral shell powders were prepared, and their organic matrix was partially extracted using ethanol. Firstly, the effect of these powders and extracts was assessed on the viability of MC3T3-E1. Our results indicated that neither the powder nor the ethanol-soluble matrix (ESM) affected cell viability at low concentrations. Then, we evaluated osteoblastic mineralization using Alizarin Red staining and we found a prominent MC3T3-E1 mineralization mainly induced by nacreous biominerals, especially those belonging to the Pinctada genus. However, few non-nacreous biominerals were also able to stimulate the extracellular mineralization. Overall, our findings validate the remarkable ability of CaCO3 biomineral extracts to promote bone mineralization. Nevertheless, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to uncover the mechanisms of action of biominerals in bone.
Biological response to endodontic treatment in one versus two-visit: a systematic review and meta- analysis of animal studies
Authors: Neto Raimundo Sales de Oliveira , Souza Thais de Moraes , Rosa Stefani Jovedi , Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Alcalde Murilo Priori , Honório Heitor Marques , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES
To perform a systematic review of animal studies that compared the histopathological characteristics between teeth with apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment in one or two visits.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This systematic review was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) – CRD42022340849. Studies were collected from PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, Livivo, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library and manual and gray literature searches. Animal studies that evaluated histological characteristics after endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis in one or two visits were included. Risk of bias analysis of the included studies was performed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool. Data synthesis of the included studies with quantitative data was performed, and meta-analysis was conducted with the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, using the random effects model and odds ratio (OR).
RESULTS
Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria (Kappa = 0.891). Meta-analyses indicated values in inflammatory infiltrate intensity with effect size of 5.5% (95% CI: 0.020–0.148; p < 0.001), periodontal ligament thickness: 25.6% (95% CI: 0.134–0.487; p < 0.001), dentin resorption: 13% (95% CI: 0.015–1.141; p = 0.066), cementum resorption: 7.1% (95% CI: 0.015–0.325; p = 0.001), bone resorption: 1.4% (95% CI: 0.002–0.130; p < 0.001), mineralized tissue resorption: 42.8% (95% CI: 0.110–1.671; p = 0.222), biological apical sealing: 13.1% (95% CI: 0.055–0.314; p < 0.001), and presence of microorganisms: 10.3% (95% CI: 0.014–0.747; p = 0.025).
CONCLUSIONS
The two-visit endodontic treatment, using calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication, resulted in better biological repair characteristics.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE:
A two-visit endodontic treatment with calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication yields superior histopathological outcomes.
Co-application of titanium nanoparticles and melatonin effectively lowered chromium toxicity in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) through modifying biochemical characteristics
Authors: soliman Mona H. , Alghanem Suliman M.S. , Alsudays Ibtisam M. , Alaklabi Abdullah , Alharbi Basmah M. , Al-Amrah Hadba , Azab Ehab , Alnusairi Ghalia S.H.
Published: February 2024

Chromium (Cr) toxicity can negatively affect plant growth and development, impacting agricultural productivity and posing risks to human health. Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and natural growth regulators such as melatonin (MT) become promising technology to manage heavy metal-contaminated soils and promote safe food production. The present work was conducted to find the effect of foliar application of TiO2 NPs (15 Mg L− 1) and MT (100 µM) on growth, biochemical attributes, and Cr accumulation in plant tissues of melissa officinalis L. under Cr toxicity (50 and 100 mg Cr kg − 1 soil). The results showed that Cr toxicity led to decreased plant performance, where 100 mg Cr kg − 1 soil led to notable decreases in shoot weight (28%), root weight (27%), essential oil (EO) yield (34%), chlorophyll (Chl) a + b (33%), while increased malondialdehyde (MDA, 30%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (51%), and catalase (CAT) activity (122%). The use of TiO2 NPs and MT, particularly their co-application, remarkably reduced Cr toxicity by enhancing plant weight, Chl content, and lowered MDA and antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content(TFC), EO percentage, and rosmarinic acid in plants treated with Cr at 50 mg Cr kg − 1 soil and co-application of TiO2 NPs and MT were relatively higher than in other treatments. Under 100 mg Cr kg − 1 soil, the synergic effect of TiO2 NPs and MT enhanced rosmarinic acid content (22%) but lowered Cr accumulation in roots (51%) and shoots (72%). Heat map analysis showed that ACT, SOD, MDA, and EO yield had the maximum variability under Cr, TiO2 NPs, and MT. Exogenous TiO2 NPs and MT can be recommended to modulate Cr toxicity in lemon balm under soil Cr toxicity.
Distinct functions of parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons in the anterior cingulate cortex result in heterogeneity of social interaction impairments
Authors: Wu Shengxi , Qi Chuchu , Sima Wenqi , Miao Honghui , Hu Erling , Ge Junye , Deng Mao , Chen Andi , Ye Weiyi , Xue Qian , Wang Wenting , Chen Qian
Published: February 2024

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) serves as a core region in social networks, and impairments in this area have been identified in autism spectrum disorders. Our prior research demonstrated that deficits in pyramidal neurons in ACC adversely impacted mouse social interaction. The preservation of functional output in the ACC by pyramidal neurons relies on the dynamic regulation by the different types of interneurons. However, the precise regulatory roles of distinct interneurons within the ACC in shaping social interaction have hitherto remained largely enigmatic. In this study, we elucidated the involvement of parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons within the ACC in modulating social interaction behavior. Specifically, we ascertain that PV interneurons play a more prominent role in initiating sociability, whereas SST interneurons uniquely influence social preference. Notably, the downregulation of the autism high-risk gene Kcnh7 is identified in both PV and SST interneurons within the Shank3 knockout (KO) autistic mouse model. Further, the selective KO of Kcnh7 in PV- or SST-positive neurons contributes to disruptions in sociability and social preference, respectively. The divergent modulation of social interaction by PV and SST interneurons in the ACC is attributed to the distinct input received by these neuronal subtypes. Our findings offer nuanced insights into the multifaceted roles of PV and SST neurons within the ACC in the context of social interaction, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of social behavior disorders in autism. The delineation of these mechanisms is imperative for advancing our comprehension of the etiological basis of autism, thereby paving the way for novel avenues of research aimed at addressing the heterogeneous phenotypes associated with social interaction dysfunction in cortical interneurons.
Polyketide synthase-derived sphingolipids determine microbiota-mediated protection against pathogens in C. elegans
Authors: Peters* Lena , Drechsler* Moritz , Pees Barbara , Angelidou Georgia , Salzer Liesa , Moors Karlis Arturs , Paczia Nicole , Schulenburg Hinrich , Shi Yi-Ming , Kaleta Christoph , Witting Michael , Bode** Helge B. , Dierking** Katja
Published: February 2024

Protection against pathogens is a major function of the gut microbiota. Although bacterial natural products have emerged as crucial components of host-microbiota interactions, their exact role in microbiota-mediated protection is largely unexplored. We addressed this knowledge gap with the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and its microbiota isolate Pseudomonas fluorescens MYb115 that is known to protect against Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) infection. We find that MYb115-mediated protection depends on sphingolipids that are derived from an iterative type I polyketide synthase (PKS), thereby describing a noncanonical pathway of bacterial sphingolipid production. We provide evidence that MYb115-derived sphingolipids affect C. elegans tolerance to Bt infection by altering host sphingolipid metabolism. This work establishes sphingolipids as structural outputs of bacterial PKS and highlights the role of microbiota-derived sphingolipids in host protection against pathogens.

*/** shared first or last authorship
Enhanced adsorption of hydroquinone by transition metals and heteroatom-codoped biochar: Preparation, performance, and mechanism
Authors: xiaolu Xiong , Tian Ai , Lei Zhang , Jing Xu
Published: February 2024

The adsorption capacity of pristine biochar for hydroquinone solutions was limited, while modified biochar could significantly enhance adsorption performance. Modified biochar BCNP-Fe, BCHNP-Fe, and BCP-Fe were produced by mixing corn stover with the solutions of ammonium phosphate and ferrous sulfate, the solutions of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and ferrous sulfate, and the solutions of phosphoric acid and ferrous sulfate for removing hydroquinone solutions. The maximum adsorption capacities of BCNP-Fe, BCHNP-Fe, and BCP-Fe were 154.321, 203.666, and 142.045 mg/g, respectively, which were 1.09, 1.44 and 1.00 folds of BC. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies of the modified biochars probably involved physical and chemical adsorption. Thermodynamic studies further suggested that higher temperature was favorable for adsorption, and adsorption exhibited endothermic behavior. The adsorption mechanism of hydroquinone on BCNP-Fe, BCHNP-Fe, and BCP-Fe included the π-π interactions, electron donor-acceptor, hydrogen bonding, pore filling, hydrophilicity, and surface complexation. BCNP-Fe, BCHNP-Fe, and BCP-Fe were promising adsorbents for removing hydroquinone solutions as well as promising candidates for water treatment due to their simple preparation and high adsorption capacity.
Efficacy of tranilast in preventing exacerbating cardiac function and death from heart failure in muscular dystrophy patients with advanced-stage heart failure: A single-arm, open-label, multicenter study
Authors: Matsumura Tsuyoshi , Fukudome Takayasu , Motoyoshi Yasufumi , Nakamura Akinori , Kuru Satoshi , Segawa Kazuhiro , Kitao Ruriko , Watanabe Chigusa , Tamura Takuhisa , Takahasi Toshiaki , Hashimoto Hiroya , Sekimizu Masahiro , Saito Akiko M , Asakura Masanori , Kimura Koichi , Iwata Yuko
Published: February 2024

Background
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 2 (TRPV2) functions as a stretch-sensitive calcium channel, with overexpression in the sarcolemma of skeletal and cardiac myocytes leading to detrimental calcium influx and triggering muscle degeneration. In our previous pilot study, we showed that tranilast, a TRPV2 inhibitor, reduced brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in two patients with muscular dystrophy (MD) and advanced heart failure. Building on this, we performed a single-arm, open-label, multicenter study herein to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tranilast in the treatment of advanced heart failure in MD patients.
Results
This study involved 18 MD patients with BNP levels > 100 pg/mL, despite receiving standard cardioprotective therapy. Tranilast was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg, three times daily. In the short-term period (28 weeks), the primary endpoint of change ratio in the logarithm of BNP level from baseline to 28 weeks was not significant in the full analysis set, but lower in the per set protocol compared with data from a previous beta-blocker treatment study. All 15 patients who completed the short-term treatment consented to be enrolled in long-term therapy for an additional 116 weeks. After all participants completed the long-term treatment, we analyzed all the data. TRPV2 expression on the peripheral blood mononuclear cell surfaces decreased throughout the study period, confirming that the TRPV2 inhibitory effect of tranilast was maintained over time. Despite the presence of progressive disease, cardiac indices such as BNP level, human atrial natriuretic peptide, and fractional shortening, remained stable, and only BNP levels at 144 weeks showed significant changes. The survival rate was 80.7%, and no cardiac deaths were reported. In terms of safety, no serious adverse events associated with tranilast were noted, except for recurrent diarrhea during the short-term period in one case.
Conclusions
The findings suggest that tranilast can inhibit TRPV2 expression for an extended period and is effective in preventing the worsening of cardiac function and subsequent death from heart failure.
Clinical Trial Registration Details:
The study was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR: UMIN000031965, URL: http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/) [March 30, 2018] and the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT, registration number: jRCTs031180038, URL: https://jrct.niph.go.jp/) [November 12, 2021]. Patient registration was initiated on December 19, 2018.
Sexual conflict in red deer: male-male competition can delay the reproductive phenology of younger females
Authors: Peña Eva de la , Mateos Concha , Pérez-González Javier , Alarcos Susana , Sánchez-Prieto Cristina , Carranza Juan
Published: February 2024

Investigating factors related to reproductive phenology is of particular interest in mammals with long gestation times, as the optimal adjustment of the timing of births depends on factors that occur much earlier. In Mediterranean environments, delays in conception timing in red deer populations, mainly due to climatic and demographic factors, lead to a mismatch between resource availability and the energy needs of hinds and offspring. In this polygynous species, the sex and age structure of populations determines the level of intrasexual competition, and the mating attempts of males may affect the behaviour and spatial distribution of females. In this paper, we used data from 14 years of females harvested in hunting actions in several estates with different population structures and, therefore, different levels of mate competition between males. The main aim was to explore the factors underlying variation in mating dates considering individual female and population characteristics. We found that the age and body condition of females are the main variables determining the mating date. However, our results showed a greater asynchrony in populations where mate competition is intense. Younger females suffer a delay in the mating date where intrasexual competition between males is high. These results point to a situation of conflict between the sexes, in which the behaviour of males to maximise their mating success may entail costs for the reproduction of females, which in turn is an example of the negative effects of a component of sexual selection on population dynamics.
Antimicrobial activity screening of Bacteroidota and genome-based analysis of their antimicrobial biosynthetic potential
Authors: Garcia-Morena Diego , Fernandez-Cantos Maria Victoria , Maathuis Willem , Kuipers Oscar Paul
Published: February 2024

The oral and gut microbiota constitute vastly diverse and complex ecosystems. Their presence affects local and distal organs, thus having a major role in health and disease. Bacteria forming these complex communities display social behaviour and can positively or negatively impact their neighbours. While the potential for antimicrobial production of Gram-positive bacteria has been widely investigated, the research on Gram-negative bacteria is lagging behind, also because current bioinformatic tools appear to be suboptimal to detect antimicrobial clusters in these bacteria. The present study investigates the antimicrobial potential of the Gram-negative Bacteroidota phylum members from oral and gut bacterial microbiota. For this purpose, several Bacteroidota strains of oral and gut origin were tested against each other, and the genomes of bacterial strains displaying interesting antimicrobial activity were mined. Several biosynthetic gene clusters were detected, and the potential peptide sequences were identified. These putative peptides showed low sequence similarity to each other. Still, all contained a Gly-Gly motif, probably representing the processing site of the prepeptide, and they shared a similar N-terminal region reminiscent of the TIGR04149 protein family. However, the cluster architecture differed between the biosynthetic gene clusters, indicating they contain different posttranslational modifications (PTMs). These findings highlight the potential for novel antimicrobial discovery in Gram-negative bacteria relevant to the human microbiota and their ecology.
COVID-19 and Parkinson’s disease: a single-centered study and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yin Jianhong , Zheng Qian , Zhang Song , Feng Zhanhui
Published: February 2024

Objective
To investigate the effects of the release of COVID-19 restrictions on patients with PD, and the association between COVID-19 and PD.
Methods
A single-center survey was performed among patients with PD through a questionnaire from December 7, 2022, to March 10, 2023. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the infection-related risk factors. Then, a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization was utilized to investigate the association between COVID-19 and PD.
Results
In cross-sectional analysis, the COVID-19 infection rate of PD was 65.7%. Forty-eight (35.3%) patients with PD experienced worsening of motor symptoms. Long PD course (OR: 3.296, P = 0.047) and duration of the last dose of COVID-19 vaccine (OR: 4.967, P = 0.034) were the infection-related risk factors. The MR analysis results supported that PD causally increases the risk of COVID-19 susceptibility (β = 0.081, OR = 1.084, P = 0.006). However, MR analysis showed that PD did not increases the risk of COVID-19 severity and hospitalization. In addition, no causal linkage of COVID-19 on PD was observed.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that COVID-19 infection leads to worsened PD motor symptoms. Long PD course is the infection-related risk factors, and PD causally increases the risk of COVID-19 susceptibility. However, we found no evidence that COVID-19 contributes to PD.
Combined Kinetic, and Theoretical Approaches for the Study of the SEAr Reactions of 2-(2’,4’,6’-trinitrophenyl)-4,6-dinitrobenzotriazole 1-oxide with 5-R-substituted Indoles in Acetonitrile
Authors: Amamou Ons , Hedhli Amel , Slama Takwa , Ayachi Sahbi , Boubaker Taoufik
Published: February 2024

We present a kinetic and theoretical study of nucleophilic addition reactions involving 2-(2’,4’,6’-trinitrophenyl)-4,6-dinitrobenzotriazole 1-oxide 1 with a series of 5-R-substituted indoles 2a-e (R = CN, Cl, H, Me and NH2) in acetonitrile at 20°C. Single electron transfer (SET) mechanism was proposed and confirmed by the agreement between the rate constants (k) and the oxidation potentials (Epox) of these series of indoles. Using Mayr's equation, the electrophilicity parameter (E) of 1 at C-7 position is derived and compared with the same parameter estimate using empirical equation E vs. pKa. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed to confirm the suggested reaction mechanisms and elucidate the origin of the electrophilic reactivity of 1. Notably, a linear correlation (R2 = 0.9957) between the experimental nucleophilicity (N) and the theoretical model of nucleophilicity (ω−1) determined in this work of various 5-R-substituted indoles has been obtained and discussed.
Analysis of damage mechanism and mechanical conditions of karst soil caves at different evolution stages under strong water level fluctuation
Authors: Wei Yongyao , li zongchun , chen bo , xiao jianxun , kong JInqi
Published: February 2024

The study of the evolutionary characteristics of the trajectory of karst soil caves from development to collapse is an important basis for the analysis of damage mechanism and the study of critical mechanical conditions. Combining the field collapse phenomenon and indoor research, the author summarized the characteristics of different evolutionary trajectory stages and generalized the evolutionary stages of karst earth caves. On the basis of the research on the damage mechanism and mechanical theory conditions of different evolutionary stages of the lineage, it is concluded: (1) In the early gestation stage of karst soil cavities, soil particles in the fine pores are subjected to two kinds of forces: normal stress and shear stress. The normal stress is caused by the super-static pore water pressure, and the shear stress (drag force) is caused by the dynamic water pressure acting on the side of soil particles. Whereas the water level fluctuation of groundwater is closely related to the superstatic pore water pressure, the flow rate of groundwater is related to the dynamic water pressure, and the soil particles begin to spall off beyond the critical water level amplitude, and the soil particles disintegrate and migrate beyond the critical flow rate; (2) Karst soil hole arch progressive stage, the inner wall of the small hole before soil hole expansion has isotropic effective stress, with the increase of internal pressure, the spherical region will be from the elastic state into the plastic state, if the normal effective stress is greater than zero, the soil hole wall will be tensile damage, resulting in the further spalling and expansion of the soil hole; (3) The overall destruction stage of the karst soil hole, the existence of the critical height of the arch soil hole at the time of the arch collapse. In the cylindrical collapse pit formation, there exists the critical friction force of the side wall of the cylindrical unit body. At the time of funnel-shaped collapse pit formation, there exists cylindrical collapse pit sidewall critical depth.
An Ensemble Learning Model for Forecasting Water-pipe Leakage
Authors: Warad Ahmed Ali Mohamed , Wassif Khaled , Darwish Nagy Ramadan
Published: February 2024

Based on the benefits of different ensemble methods, such as bagging and boosting, which have been studied and adopted extensively in research and practice, where bagging and boosting focus more on reducing variance and bias, this paper presented an optimization ensemble learning-based model for a large pipe failure dataset of water pipe leakage forecasting, something that was not previously considered by others. It is known that tuning the hyperparameters of each base learned inside the ensemble weight optimization process can produce better-performing ensembles, so it effectively improves the accuracy of water pipe leakage forecasting based on the pipeline failure rate. To evaluate the proposed model, the results are compared with the results of the bagging ensemble and boosting ensemble models using the root-mean-square error (RMSE), the mean square error (MSE), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the coefficient of determination (R2) of the bagging ensemble technique, the boosting ensemble technique and optimizable ensemble technique are higher than other models. The experimental result shows that the optimizable ensemble model has better prediction accuracy. The optimizable ensemble model has achieved the best prediction of water pipe failure rate at the 14th iteration, with the least RMSE = 0.00231 and MAE = 0.00071513 when building the model that predicts water pipe leakage forecasting via pipeline failure rate.
Defect detection in pipelines using magnetic flux leakage method combined with Kernel Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Li Yingqi , Sun Chao
Published: February 2024

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing technology is widely employed in non-destructive testing of pipelines, and the analysis of leakage signals plays a crucial role in assessing safety. This paper introduces a novel approach for MFL testing, which combines finite element simulation with artificial neural networks. Firstly, a simulation model is developed to study MFL testing in defective pipelines, with a focus on investigating how magnetization state and defect dimensions impact the leakage signal. Signal features are subsequently defined and extracted through an analysis of the distribution curve of MFL signals. Finally, a Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM) model is constructed, and optimization is carried out on the influential parameters to predict defect dimensions. The results demonstrate that the effect of magnetization intensity on the magnetization state can be categorized into two stages: a nonlinear growth stage and a saturated linear growth stage. Additionally, an increase in defect size has the effect of delaying the magnetization process in pipelines. Notably, changes in defect dimensions have a pronounced impact on the distribution of MFL signals. And KELM prediction model is demonstrated to be capable of accurately and efficiently predicting the depth, length, and area of defects.
A macroevolutionary analysis of cryptic coloration in sexually dichromatic grasshoppers of the genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomophidae).
Authors: Ramírez-Delgado Victor Hugo , Serrano-Meneses Martín Alejandro , Castillo Raúl Cueva del
Published: February 2024

Background matching and disruptive coloration are defense mechanisms of animals against visual predators. Disruptive coloration tends to evolve in microhabitats that are visually heterogeneous, while background matching is favored in microhabitats that are chromatically homogeneous. Controlling for the phylogeny, we explored the evolution of the coloration and the marking patterns in the sexual dichromatic and widely distributed Neotropical grasshoppers of the genus Sphenarium. These grasshoppers represent an excellent model to investigate the evolution of cryptic coloration on insects due to the heterogeneity of the environments where they have evolved. We found a correlation between the grasshoppers' coloration and disruptive markings with the chromatic properties of their environments that was inferred by the levels of precipitation during the rainy season. The results suggest that colors and marks patterns could evolve due to predation pressures. color in both sexes could offer camouflage that is not perfectly background matched to a single habitat but instead offers a degree of resemblance to multiple backgrounds. Moreover, we found that males and females chromatic properties differ between them and precipitation levels where the species are found. This suggests that the sexes have diverged in their response to the environments, favoring the evolution of sexual dichromatism in these grasshoppers.
Therapeutic effects of metabolic bariatric surgery on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are influenced by low density lipoprotein
Authors: Niu Mutian , Li Fengli , Ye Jianping , Liu Hansong , Hu Yangxi
Published: February 2024

Background: Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). However, there is limited data on MBS impact in NAFLD of obese patients in China. We aim to address the issue in this study.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 439 obese patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at the Department of Metabolic Surgery of Zhengzhou Central Hospital between January 2022 and March 2023. Patients were divided into two groups (Control/30 patients and NAFLD/409 patients) based on the liver functional parameters (AST, ALT, and GGT) and ultrasound results. At one-year post-surgery, MBS impact in NAFLD was examined by comparing the two groups in those parameters plus percentage of Excess Weight Loss (EWL). Other parameters included: body weight-related indicators (weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), insulin sensitivity-related markers (fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance), and blood lipid profiles (TC, TG, HDL, and LDL).
Results: The patients of NAFLD group exhibited significantly higher levels in parameters (BMI, insulin resistance, ALT, AST, GGT, and TG) and lower level of HDL before the surgery. Results of 122 patients were collected at one year after surgery and those parameters were significantly improved in the NAFLD group compared to the preoperative levels (P < 0.01). Patients with high LDL exhibited a reduced response in NAFLD resolution (OR=0.18, p=0.01). A higher percentage of EWL was associated with an increased therapeutic response in NAFLD resolution (p<0.05). Other metabolic parameters showed no significant relationship with the NAFLD resolution.
Conclusion: MBS has shown significant effects on obesity and NAFLD. NAFLD resolution after surgery was positively associated with percentage of EWL in the obese patients. Individuals with higher LDL levels before MBS have a lower postoperative NAFLD resolution rate. LDL may serve as a predictive indicator of NAFLD resolution after surgery.
Study on the Kinetics of Formation Process of Emulsion of Heavy Oil and Its Functional Group Components
Authors: Liu Jinhe , Sun Chengdi , Lun Zengmin , Yao Li , Tang Xinyu , Zhang Qingxuan , Yang Pujiang
Published: February 2024

The key to the cold recovery technology of heavy oil is the efficient emulsification and viscosity reduction of heavy oil under formation conditions. The dynamic model of heavy oil emulsification process was established by conductivity method for the first time. The change in water phase conductivity during emulsification conforms to the second-order rate equation. In addition, an investigation was conducted on the effects of functional group composition, emulsifier concentration, temperature, pH and stirring speed on the emulsification rate of heavy oil. The results show that the conductivity method effectively evaluates the emulsification rate. Acidic and amphoteric fractions exhibit higher interfacial activity, larger emulsification rate constant and faster emulsification rate. With the increase of emulsifier concentration, the emulsification rate constant first rose and reached its maximum value at a concentration of 0.05 mol/L before decreasing. The activation energy of the emulsification process is 40.282 kJ /mol, and increasing temperature benefits the emulsification rate. Higher pH levels and stirring speed indicate a faster emulsification rate. The study of dynamics law provides theoretical guidance for an in-depth understanding of the mechanism and application of cold recovery technology for heavy oil.
Ultrasonic Welding of Sisal- HDPE Composite: Effect of Welding Parameters on Lap Shear Strength Performance
Authors: Melese Kassahun Gashu , Georgise Fasika Bete
Published: February 2024

Nowadays materials are at the core of every technological advancement; the development of sustainable materials is an area of the researchers are focusing their efforts being put universal that can ensure the sustainable growth of communities as well as optimal utilization of available resources. Natural fiber-based composite materials indicate a class of materials with abundant opportunities and possess the tremendous potential to be exploited in various engineering applications such as; automobile, construction, and household goods. The commercial manufacturing processing technique, such as compression molding is used extensively to fabricate the woven mat sisal/HDPE composite specimens. Joining is the process of ensuring the assembly of simple specimens to create a complex product design. Ultrasonic welding (USW) is a solid-state fusion bonding technique that is mostly used to weld thermoplastic polymers (HDPE) through high-frequency ultrasonic vibration by generating mechanical motion along with the applied force creates frictional heat at the mating surface of the plastic components. The current experimental investigation analyzes the ultrasonic welding (USW) behavior of sisal/HDPE polymer composites. Process optimization has been achieved and identifies the best combination of parameters that can ensure excellent weld quality and higher values of joint strength. The sisal/HDPE composites have been successfully joined and the mechanical behavior of the joints has been investigated in terms of their failure load and tensile strength. The failed specimens have been analyzed for variation in their thermal behavior and degree of crystallinity. The SEM micrographs helped understand the failure mechanisms of the joints under tensile loading.
Evaluation of Expired Moxifloxacin Drug as Corrosion Inhibitor for Copper in Synthetic Acid Rain (SAR) Solution
Authors: Montaser Atiat A. , El-Mahdy Mohamed S. , Mahmoud Elsayed E. , Fouda Abd El-Aziz S.
Published: February 2024

This paper evaluated the possibility of using quinoline derivative (an expired Moxifloxacin) as an inhibitor for copper corrosion in synthetic acid rain (SAR) solution. Weight reduction (WR) experiments, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and AC impedance spectra (EIS) were employed to investigate corrosion inhibition (ƞ%) and inhibition rates. (ƞ%) increases by increasing the concentration of MOXI in all test methods. The PDP curves indicated that this expired medication exhibited mixed-type inhibitory activity. According to the EIS tests, the ƞ % was found to improve with raising the MOXI concentration and reached 94.05% at 600 ppm. On the other hand, the ƞ% was lowered by raising the temperature. The adsorbed MOXI molecules on copper obey Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) are employed to examine the surface of the copper sample. The results acquired experimentally were validated through the application of density functional theory (DFT) and molecular simulation (MC) in theoretical calculations. All the tests metthods gave similar results.
The influence of Celiac disease on fertility and pregnancy: an Italian survey
Authors: Arcieri Martina , Abrami Carlotta , Graziano Annalisa , Restaino Stefano , Rizzante Elisa , D’Ippolito Silvia , Vizzielli Giuseppe , Driul Lorenza
Published: February 2024

Background Celiac disease (CD) is a permanent inflammatory enteropathy that has been associated to obstetric and gynecological disorders, like reduction of fertile period, increased risk of miscarriage and infertility, increased risk of gestational anemia, premature labor and delivery, low birth weight, small for gestational age and intrauterine fetal growth retardation. Despite the impact of celiac disease on women’s reproduction, this condition is still not adequately tested by gynecologists, mainly because it is, often, wrongly considered as an exclusively gastrointestinal disease. Limited knowledge and underestimation of the disease require the development of targeted awareness-raising interventions. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between celiac disease and obstetric and gynecological complications; to highlight the importance of informing patients about the manifestations of CD; assess the patient satisfaction with the information provided by healthcare professionals on the reproductive implications of CD.Methods administration of a digital survey to celiac women. The link to access the questionnaire has been uploaded on the website of the Italian Celiac Association.Results we analyzed 493 questionaries. The obstetric and gynecological disorders led to the diagnosis of CD in 58 out of 493 interviewees (11.7%). From the analysis of questionaries, it emerged that patients suffering from untreated CD are more predisposed to: miscarriages (in our survey, 41.8% vs 34% respectively before and after CD diagnosis, p = 0.1122), anemia in pregnancy (71.4% vs 41.7% respectively before and after CD diagnosis, p = 0000) and the risk of giving birth to a newborn with low birth weight (newborns weighing < 1500 grams were 4.0% before and 1.1% after the establishment of gluten-free dietary treatment, p = 0.028). Women with CD, both before and after gluten-free diet, were more infertile (about 19%) than the general population. The majority of patients interviewed (73%) were dissatisfied with the level of information they received from health professionals about the reproductive implications of CD.Conclusion Our research contributes to a deeper understanding of the intersection between CD and reproductive outcomes, highlighting the main obstetric and gynecological problems related to it, and also emphasizing the importance of patient's perspective and the need of more awareness about Celiac disease from healthcare workers.
Ecological niche use varies with sea turtle reproductive age
Authors: Fireman Alexandra , Stapleton Seth P , Zanden Hannah Vander , Liang Dong , Woodland Ryan J
Published: February 2024

Understanding an organism’s niche and ecological role in its ecosystem is critical for conservation, especially for species that use multiple habitats at different life stages. The hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) is one such migratory animal that plays an ecologically important role in imperiled coral reef habitats. Although hawksbill resource use strategies (e.g., generalism vs. specialism) in these foraging grounds are poorly understood, stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) can provide information on the trophic niche and foraging location of consumers. Additionally, when a single sample is taken from a tissue that accretes through time, such as keratin, analyses can reveal information on the long-term foraging patterns of individuals. Here, we evaluate resource use strategies for 98 females within a nesting aggregation of hawksbills in Antigua, West Indies (17.159, -61.756). Stable isotope analysis of scute tissue collected from 2017–2019 revealed population-level generalism and varying degrees of individual specialization. Additionally, older turtles displayed overall smaller ranges in isotope values, indicating a narrowing of resource use with increased reproductive age amongst breeding adult females. These findings provide evidence of high variability in hawksbill diet, illustrate differences in ecological niche use across different ages, and highlight the necessity of evaluating multiple life stages to inform the conservation of this critically endangered species.
Real-world Efficacy of Ensitrelvir in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Japan: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Yoshida Ryohei , Sasaki Takaaki , Ohsaki Yoshinobu
Published: February 2024

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitates continuously evaluating antiviral treatments, especially for high-risk groups, including older individuals. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of three antiviral drugs, including remdesivir, molnupiravir, and ensitrelvir, in hospitalized patients, focusing on outcomes such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen levels, hospitalization duration, and fever resolution.
Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at Yoshida Hospital, Asahikawa city, Japan, enrolling 154 patients who received antiviral treatment upon COVID-19 diagnosis from July 1, 2022 to September 15, 2023. The diagnosis was confirmed by proprietary antigen tests or loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays. Patients who received treatment outside the hospital or with consistently negative antigen results were excluded. Drug administration was determined by attending physicians, considering oral administration challenges and renal dysfunction. The data were statistically analyzed using an unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test and one-way analysis of variance complemented by the Tukey post-hoc test for detailed group comparisons.
Results: No significant differences were observed in the initial antigen levels among the treatment groups. By day 10, the ensitrelvir group showed lower antigen levels than did the other groups, but not significantly. The ensitrelvir group had a higher antigen-negative conversion rate and a significantly shorter hospital stay than did the molnupiravir group. However, no significant differences were noted in the fever resolution time among the groups.
Conclusion: This study suggests the potential benefits of ensitrelvir in reducing antigen levels and hospitalization duration. However, the overall efficacy of the antiviral agents for symptomatic relief appears similar. These findings underscore the need for further research to optimize COVID-19 management by considering personalized treatment approaches and long-term outcomes.
Association between physical, cognitive and social activities with the incident of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults: A four-year longitudinal study
Authors: Nishimoto Kazuhei , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Nakakubo Sho , Kiuchi Yuto , Misu Yuka , Ohata Tomoka , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: February 2024

Purpose
The purpose of the present study was to comprehensively examine the association between inadequate physical activity (PA), cognitive activity (CA), and social activity (SA) and the development of sarcopenia.
Methods
We conducted a two-wave survey. In the first-wave survey, we asked participants five questions for each of the three categories—PA, CA, and SA—. The low-activity group was defined as those who fell into the decline category for one or more of the five questions. In both Wave 1 and Wave 2, we assessed the sarcopenia status of our participants. Sarcopenia was defined using the revised definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2.
Results
In the second wave, we were able to follow 2,530 participants. A multivariable logistic regression showed that lowPA participants face a higher risk of incident sarcopenia, both before and after multiple imputations (odds ratio [OR] 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–2.15 before imputation; OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.21–2.18 after imputation); the lowSA group also showed a higher risk of incident sarcopenia both before and after multiple imputations (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.05–1.64 before imputation; OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.07–1.65 after imputation).
Conclusion
Each low PA and SA independently led to incident sarcopenia late in life. Encouraging not only PA, but also SA, may be effective to prevent sarcopenia among older adults.
ESCO2 promotes the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma through PI3K/AKT/ mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Dapeng , Huang Yue , Zhang Youcheng , Zhang Zhihong , Zhang Yamin
Published: February 2024

Background: Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-Acetyltransferase 2(ESCO2), a gene reported to involved in the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) and cell proliferation. We aim to explore how ESCO2 affects the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods: ESCO2’s expression value and its relationship with clinical prognosis were explored based on TCGA, HCCDB and ICGC databases. We then utilized bioinformatics method analysis to investigate the potential regulatory pathways in which ESCO2 may be implicated. CCK-8, clone assay, and flow cytometry were utilized to examine the impact of ESCO2 knockdown on the malignant biological activity of HCC cells. Finally, we identified the specific regulatory mechanism of ESCO2 using Western blotting.
Results: We determined ESCO2 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and high ESCO2 expression was linked to a worse prognosis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that ESCO2 regulated pathways related to the cell cycle and cell proliferation. Furthermore, knockdown of ESCO2 significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Most significantly, ESCO2 stimulates PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which ultimately accelerates up the cell cycle and inhibits apoptosis, promoting the progression of HCC.
Conclusion: We revealed the mechanism by which ESCO2 regulates HCC proliferation: ESCO2 promotes HCC proliferation by accelerating the cell cycle and inhibiting apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.