bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAP Facilitates Recruitment and Activation of LCK at NTB-A Receptors during Restimulation-Induced Cell Death
Authors: Katz Gil , Krummey Scott M. , Larsen Sasha E. , Stinson Jeffrey R. , Snow Andrew L.
Published: April 2014

Upon TCR restimulation, activated, cycling T cells can undergo a self-regulatory form of apoptosis known as restimulation-induced cell death (RICD). We previously demonstrated that RICD is impaired in T cells from patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease, which lack SLAM-associated protein (SAP) expression. Both SAP and the specific SLAM receptor NK, T, and B cell Ag (NTB-A) are required for RICD, but the mechanism by which these molecules promote a strong, proapoptotic signal through the TCR remains unclear. In this article, we show that the Src-family kinase LCK, but not FYN, associates with NTB-A in activated human T cells. This association increased after TCR restimulation in a SAP-dependent manner, requiring both immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motifs in the NTB-A cytoplasmic tail. Both NTB-A–associated LCK phosphorylation and kinase activity were enhanced in restimulated T cells, amplifying proximal TCR signaling. In contrast, TCR-induced LCK association with NTB-A, as well as phosphorylation and kinase activity, was reduced in T cells from patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease or normal T cells transfected with SAP-specific small interfering RNA, consistent with RICD resistance. Collectively, our data reveal how SAP nucleates a previously unknown signaling complex involving NTB-A and LCK to potentiate RICD of activated human T cells.
Immunological Priming Requires Regulatory T Cells and IL-10–Producing Macrophages To Accelerate Resolution from Severe Lung Inflammation
Authors: Aggarwal Neil R. , Tsushima Kenji , Eto Yoshiki , Tripathi Ashutosh , Mandke Pooja , Mock Jason R. , Garibaldi Brian T. , Singer Benjamin D. , Sidhaye Venkataramana K. , Horton Maureen R. , King Landon S. , D’Alessio Franco R.
Published: April 2014

Overwhelming lung inflammation frequently occurs following exposure to both direct infectious and noninfectious agents and is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. In that context, immunomodulatory strategies may be used to limit severity of impending organ damage. We sought to determine whether priming the lung by activating the immune system, or immunological priming, could accelerate resolution of severe lung inflammation. We assessed the importance of alveolar macrophages, regulatory T cells, and their potential interaction during immunological priming. We demonstrate that oropharyngeal delivery of low-dose LPS can immunologically prime the lung to augment alveolar macrophage production of IL-10 and enhance resolution of lung inflammation induced by a lethal dose of LPS or by Pseudomonas bacterial pneumonia. IL-10–deficient mice did not achieve priming and were unable to accelerate lung injury resolution. Depletion of lung macrophages or regulatory T cells during the priming response completely abrogated the positive effect of immunological priming on resolution of lung inflammation and significantly reduced alveolar macrophage IL-10 production. Finally, we demonstrated that oropharyngeal delivery of synthetic CpG-oligonucleotides elicited minimal lung inflammation compared with low-dose LPS but nonetheless primed the lung to accelerate resolution of lung injury following subsequent lethal LPS exposure. Immunological priming is a viable immunomodulatory strategy used to enhance resolution in an experimental acute lung injury model with the potential for therapeutic benefit against a wide array of injurious exposures.
Biochemical and histopathological changes in the kidney and adrenal gland of rats following repeated exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin
Authors: Khaldoun Oularbi Hassina
Published: April 2014

Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a type II pyrethroid insecticide widely used in pest management. This study was undertaken to evaluate the toxic effects of LCT on the kidneys and adrenal glands of rats after subacute exposure. Twenty-eight 6-week-old male albino Rattus norvegicus rats were randomly assigned to four groups. Group 1 was the control group, which received distilled water. The experimental groups 2, 3 and 4 received 20.4, 30.6 and 61.2 mg/kg body weight, respectively, of LCT, administered orally over 28 days. The effects of the insecticide on various biochemical parameters were evaluated at 14 and 28 days. Histopathological studies were carried out in the kidneys and adrenal glands at the end of the experiment. Lambda-cyhalothrin, as a pyrethroid insecticide, induced significant increases (P≤0.05) in plasma urea, creatinine, uric acid and glucose concentrations, and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities after 14 and 28 days. In the rat plasma samples after 28 days, residual concentrations of LCT 1R, cis,
Impact of IL-10 (-1082) Promoter–Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on the Outcome of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4 Infection
Authors: Helal Soheir F. , Gomaa Howayda E. , Thabet Eman H. , Younan Mariam A. , Helmy Neveen A.
Published: April 2014

Immuneregulatory cytokines may influence the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection outcome. This study aimed to determine the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the interleukin (IL)-10 (-1082) G/A polymorphism, and its association with chronicity or resolution of HCV genotype 4 infection in Egypt. The frequencies of different dimorphic polymorphisms based on single nucleotide substitution in chronic HCV patients (50) and resolved HCV patients (50) were: IL-10 (-1082) G/G 22 (44%) and 18 (36%), G/A 19 (38%) and 24 (48%), and A/A 9 (18%), and 8 (16%), respectively. In the sustained virologic response (SVR) (36) and spontaneously resolved subjects (14) groups, the frequencies were: IL-10 (-1082) G/G 11 (30.6%) and 7 (50%) G/A 18 (50%) and 6 (42.9%), A/A 7 (19.4%) and 1 (7.1%), respectively. An association between male gender and chronic hepatitis C outcome ( P value 0.041) was found. However, no significant gender difference was found when we compared females versus males with elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in the chronic HCV patient group ( P value = 1).

Conclusion

No significant difference in the frequency of IL-10 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 1082 was found between chronic and resolved HCV subjects.
Immune Responses to O-Specific Polysaccharide and Lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa in Adult Bangladeshi Recipients of an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine and Comparison to Responses in Patients with Cholera
Authors: Uddin Taher , Aktar Amena , Xu Peng , Johnson Russell A. , Rahman M. Arifur , Leung Daniel T. , Afrin Sadia , Akter Aklima , Alam Mohammad Murshid , Rahman Atiqur , Chowdhury Fahima , Khan Ashraful I. , Bhuiyan Taufiqur Rahman , Bufano Meagan K. , Rashu Rasheduzzaman , Yu Yanan , Wu-Freeman Ying , Harris Jason B. , LaRocque Regina C. , Charles Richelle C. , Kováč Pavol , Calderwood Stephen B. , Ryan Edward T. , Qadri Firdausi
Published: April 2014

Protective immunity to cholera is serogroup specific, and serogrouping is defined by the O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We characterized OSP-specific immune responses in adult recipients of an oral killed cholera vaccine (OCV WC-rBS) and compared these with responses in patients with cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa. Although vaccinees developed plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, IgA antibody and antibody secreting cell (ASC, marker of mucosal response) to Ogawa OSP and LPS 7 days after vaccination, responses were significantly lower than that which occurred after cholera. Similarly, patients recovering from cholera had detectable IgA, IgM, and IgG memory B cell (MBC) responses against OSP and LPS on Day 30 and Day 90, whereas vaccinees only developed IgG responses to OSP 30 days after the second immunization. The markedly lower ASC and MBC responses to OSP and LPS observed among vaccinees might explain, in part, the lower protection of an OCV compared with natural infection.
Assessing the Performance of CareStart Malaria Pf/Pv Combo Test Against Thick Blood Film in the Diagnosis of Malaria in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Tadesse , Kebede Tadesse
Published: April 2014

Bivalent rapid diagnostic tests are promising diagnostic tools for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. Their diagnostic performance was evaluated against thick blood smear to assist national malaria control programs. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the performance of CareStart against thick blood smears among 398 acute febrile patients visiting the Felegeselam Health Center in December of 2011. Thick blood smears were examined under 100× objectives to diagnose Plasmodium species. Similarly, CareStart Malaria Pf/Pv Combo Test was performed as per the manufacturer's instruction. The ability of CareStart Malaria Pf/Pv Combo Test to diagnose Plasmodium malaria was very good, with 99.8% (95% confidence interval = 97.7–100%) sensitivity and 97.7% (95% confidence interval = 94.6–99.1%) specificity. The sensitivity and specificity of the CareStart Test is comparable with the thick blood smear in diagnosing malaria. Hence, it is preferable to use the CareStart Malaria Pf/Pv Combo Test instead of microscopy in areas where microscopic diagnosis is limited.
Benthic mats offer a potential subsidy to pelagic consumers in tundra pond food webs
Authors: Mariash Heather L. , Devlin Shawn P. , Forsström Laura , Jones Roger I. , Rautio Milla
Published: April 2014

We quantified the potential nutritional contribution of benthic mats to pelagic consumers in tundra ponds using three approaches. (1) We compared benthic and pelagic habitats based on their algal biomass and community composition and assessed the dietary quality in terms of fatty acid (FA) concentrations in both habitats. The algal community compositions differed significantly between habitats. Both benthic and pelagic habitats contained saturated and unsaturated FAs, but on average there were more FAs relative to carbon in the pelagic habitat (44 ± 29 µg mg C−1) than the benthic habitat (23 ± 18 µg mg C−1) across all studied ponds. (2) We quantified the contribution of benthic mats to the whole‐lake FA pool and found that benthic mats dominate (on average > 90%) the basal FA resource within tundra ponds. (3) Using a series of feeding experiments, we found that Daphnia survival and FA concentrations increased when a benthic mat slurry supplemented low concentrations of phytoplankton. However, Daphnia could not survive solely on benthic mats, and nor did benthic mats increase adult Daphnia survival when mats were offered as coherent pieces. The extent to which pelagic consumers could be supported by benthic production challenges the view that benthic habitats are functionally separate from the pelagic food webs within northern lake ecosystems.
A theoretical analysis of river bars stability under changing channel width
Authors: Zen S. , Zolezzi G. , Tubino M.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. In this paper we propose a new theoretical model to investigate the influence of temporal changes in channel width on river bar stability. This is achieved by performing a nonlinear stability analysis, which includes temporal width variations as a small-amplitude perturbation of the basic flow. In order to quantify width variability, channel width is related with the instantaneous discharge using existing empirical formulae proposed for channels with cohesionless banks. Therefore, width can vary (increase and/or decrease) either because it adapts to the temporally varying discharge or, if discharge is constant, through a relaxation relation describing widening of an initially overnarrow channel towards the equilibrium width. Unsteadiness related with changes in channel width is found to directly affect the instantaneous bar growth rate, depending on the conditions under which the widening process occurs. The governing mathematical system is solved by means of a two-parameters (ε, δ) perturbation expansion, where ε is related to bar amplitude and δ to the temporal width variability. In general width unsteadiness is predicted to play a destabilizing role on free bar stability, namely during the peak stage of a flood event in a laterally unconfined channel and invariably for overnarrow channels fed with steady discharge. In this latter case, width unsteadiness tends to shorten the most unstable bar wavelength compared to the case with constant width, in qualitative agreement with existing experimental observations.
On the sensitivity of tidal network characterization to power law estimation
Authors: Jiménez M. , Castanedo S. , Zhou Z. , Coco G. , Medina R. , Rodriguez-Iturbe I.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. Long-term simulations (3000 yr) of an idealized basin using different tidal ranges (1, 2 and 3 m) and grain sizes (120, 480 and 960 μm) have been performed in order to cover a range of hydrodynamic and sedimentary conditions. Two different cell sizes (50 and 100 m) have been used to study the impact of cell size on tidal network development. The probability distributions of the drainage area and the drainage volume have been computed for every simulation (during an ebb and a flood phase). Power law distributions are observed in drainage area and drainage volume distribution. As an objective estimation of the exponent of a power law is an open issue, different approaches (linear binning, normalized logarithmic binning, cumulative distribution function and maximum likelihood) proposed by White et al. (2008) to estimate the exponent have been used to carry out a sensitivity analysis. Our findings indicate that although all methods results in high and significant correlation coefficients, more work is needed to develop a universal, objective estimation of the exponent.
Long term evolution of a dam reservoir subjected to regular flushing events
Authors: Guertault L. , Camenen B. , Peteuil C. , Paquier A.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. An analysis of the long term morphological evolution of the Génissiat reservoir (France) is provided. First, a methodology for bathymetric data processing and reservoir sediment volume budget calculation is described. An estimation of global uncertainties in volume calculation is proposed. The reservoir bathymetric budget for several dam flushing events and interflush periods is presented, showing the global decrease of deposited sediment volume with time. The spatial dynamics of the reservoir subreaches is highlighted and typical patterns in flush and interflush periods are identified.
Corneal Biomechanical Parameters during Pregnancy
Authors: Sen Emine , Onaran Yüksel , Nalcacioglu-Yuksekkaya Pinar , Elgin Ufuk , Ozturk Faruk
Published: April 2014

Purpose

To evaluate the variation in biomechanical properties and central corneal thickness (CCT) for each trimester during pregnancy and to compare the values with those in nonpregnant women.

Methods

We prospectively studied the eyes of 32 pregnant and 34 age-matched non-pregnant women. The parameters included corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOP), and corneal-compensated IOP measured by the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA). The CCT was also measured with an ultrasonic pachymeter attached to the ORA.

Results

The mean age was 27.0 ± 3.8 years in the study group and 28.0 ± 4.1 years in the control group. The mean CH measurement was 10.6 ± 1.4 mmHg in the study group and 10.1 ± 1.3 mmHg in the control group. The mean CRF value was 9.6 ± 1.7 mmHg in the study group and 10.0 ± 1.4 mmHg in the control group. The mean CCT value was 541.1 ± 22.4 μm in the study group and 536.5 ± 27.1 μm in the control group. No statistically significant differences were found regarding CH, CRF, or CCT values between the 2 groups (independent t test, p = 0.160, p = 0.355, p = 0.450, respectively).

Conclusions

Hormonal changes during pregnancy may not affect corneal biomechanics. This may be due to the balanced effect of the various hormones on the cornea during pregnancy.
Baerveldt Drainage Tube Motility in the Anterior Chamber
Authors: Tan Annelie N. , De Witte Pauline M. , Webers Carroll A.B. , Berendschot Tos T.J.M. , De Brabander John , Schouten Johannes S.A.G. , Beckers Henny J.M.
Published: April 2014

Purpose

To investigate the stability in position of the Baerveldt glaucoma drainage tube over time and to study movement of the drainage tube in the anterior chamber (AC) under varying light conditions.

Methods

This prospective study included 70 eyes with implantation of a Baerveldt glaucoma drainage tube in the anterior chamber. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images were made preoperatively to quantify AC depth. AS-OCT images were made twice under photopic and twice under scotopic conditions, in the angle parallel to the Baerveldt tube to quantify drainage tube position, at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Tube-corneal (T-C) and tube-iris (T-I) distances were measured. Additionally, the central AC depth and the peripheral angle opening (AOD 500) were determined. Two subgroups were distinguished according to tube position: free in the AC (group 1, n = 48) and transiridal (group 2, n = 22).

Results

After 24 months of follow-up, the drainage tube was found to move statistically significantly closer (0.12 mm) to the corneal endothelium in group 1 (p<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in T-C distance over time in group 2. The T-C distance did not differ under photopic versus scotopic circumstances (p = 0.32). In both groups, the T-I distance was larger under scotopic conditions, a result of pupil dilation.

Conclusions

The Baerveldt glaucoma drainage tube remained in a stable position when a transiridal implantation was performed, whereas the tube moved closer to the endothelium when placed free into the AC. Transiridal implantation of the Baerveldt tube seems a safe alternative for tube implantation with respect to tube motility.
One-Year Outcome of Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Thorough Analysis in a Real-World Clinical Setting
Authors: Gabai Andrea , Veritti Daniele , Lanzetta Paolo
Published: April 2014

Purpose

To verify the safety and efficacy of ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and factors influencing the outcome in a real-world setting.

Methods

Retrospective 12-month follow-up analysis of 100 naive nAMD eyes treated with as-needed ranibizumab. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), lesion, and leakage size were recorded. Type and characteristics of lesions and indicators of protocol adherence were analyzed.

Results

Mean BCVA at baseline was 61.6 ± 14.8 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters and 59.6 ± 16 at 12 months. Sixty-three eyes maintained or improved BCVA; the number of injections and follow-up visits were 4.8 and 5.1, respectively. First injection and pro re nata retreatments were administered 22.7 and 20.5 days after prescription, respectively. Seventy-two eyes received 3 initial monthly injections. Patients were not reinjected despite BCVA loss >5 letters one or more times in 37% of cases. No adverse events were reported. The CRT diminished by 26 ± 101 μm; choroidal neovascularization size and leakage area increased by 0.53 ± 1.31 mm2 and 0.34 ± 1.33 mm2, respectively. The BCVA gain was correlated with CRT reduction (r = 0.24, p = 0.016), mean baseline BCVA (r = –0.25, p = 0.01), age (r = –0.25, p = 0.01), and decrease in CNV size and leakage area (r = 0.56 and r = 0.59, respectively, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Our results compare unfavorably with those of controlled trials. Treatment and follow-up regimens in real-world settings seem to have a major role in determining outcome. Lower age and BCVA at baseline were associated with better response to treatment.
The Effect of Subconjunctival Ranibizumab on Corneal and Anterior Segment Neovascularization: Study on an Animal Model
Authors: Liarakos Vasilios S. , Papaconstantinou Dimitrios , Vergados Ioannis , Douvali Maria , Theodossiadis Panagiotis G.
Published: April 2014

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of subconjunctival anti—vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ranibizumab on corneal and anterior segment neovascularization.

Methods

In this experimental study and laboratory investigation, chemical cauterization was utilized to induce corneal neovascularization in 16 rabbits randomly divided in 2 equal groups. Cauterized eyes were either treated with 0.1 mL (1 mg) of subconjunctival ranibizumab or administered a sham injection. A third group of 4 rabbits served as control for side effects after ranibizumab administration. All animals were monitored daily for 14 days and the extent of corneal scarring and neovascularization was measured on days 1, 7, and 14. After enucleation, ocular tissues were separated under a surgical microscope and VEGF levels were measured with ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the extent of corneal neovascularization and VEGF levels between treated and untreated eyes.

Results

Subconjunctival ranibizumab inhibited corneal neovascularization significantly both in the first and the second week compared to untreated controls (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001, respectively). The VEGF levels were significantly lower in all anterior segment tissues like the cornea, iris, aqueous humor, and conjunctiva of the treated eyes (p<0.01). The reduction of VEGF levels ranged from 19% to 73% in different ocular tissues. Corneal scarring was not significantly affected by anti-VEGF treatment (p = 0.7). No side effects were noticed.

Conclusions

Early subconjunctival administration of ranibizumab may successfully inhibit alkali-induced corneal neovascularization in an animal model. Subconjunctival ranibizumab reduces VEGF levels significantly not only in the cornea and the bulbar conjunctiva but also in the aqueous humor and the iris.
Multiple Myeloma Recurrence with Optic Nerve Infiltration Diagnosed by Vitrectomy, Immunohistochemistry, and in Situ Hybridization
Authors: Nugent Alex K. , Paulus Yannis M. , Chan Annie , Kim Jonathan W. , Schwartz Erich J. , Moshfeghi Darius M.
Published: April 2014

Purpose

We present a case of multiple myeloma recurrence diagnosed by optic nerve infiltration.

Methods

Interventional case report with clinical, surgical, immunohistochemical, and fluorescence in situ hybridization correlation.

Results

A 51-year-old woman with a history of bilateral invasive ductal breast carcinoma and multiple myeloma, both in remission on maintenance bortezomib, was referred for sudden, painless loss of vision OS. Examination demonstrated anterior vitritis with severe optic disc elevation, with yellow-white thickening, peripapillary hemorrhages, and a retinal detachment inferiorly. Diagnostic vitrectomy showed CD138-positive and BRST2-negative cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was positive for del(13q) and p53 deletion and negative for CCND1/IGH.

Conclusions

This is the first report of optic nerve infiltration of multiple myeloma as evidence of recurrence while on maintenance chemotherapy. We demonstrate that diagnostic vitrectomy and immunohistochemistry of vitreous fluid is feasible for the diagnosis of recurrent multiple myeloma.
A Dose-Finding Study of Preoperative Intravenous Dexmedetomidine in Children's Emergence Delirium after Epiblepharon Surgery
Authors: Yang Sohee , Lee Haemi
Published: April 2014

Purpose

Emergence delirium (ED) is a leading problem in children after general anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) can be administered prior to general anesthesia to decrease ED, although wide ranges of dose are used. This study was conducted to investigate the proper dosages of DEX to attenuate children's ED after sevoflurane anesthesia.

Methods

Twenty-five children, aged 3 to 9, undergoing repair of epiblepharon were studied. A chosen dosage of DEX was infused for 10 minutes in the preoperative holding area. The dose of DEX started from 0.25 μg/kg, and then was increased or decreased by 0.25 μg/kg depending on the response of the previous patient, using the Dixon up-and-down method. After the surgery under general anesthesia with sevoflurane, ED was assessed by the Cravero 5-point emergence agitation scale (5-point scale) at the postanesthesia care unit. The 50% and 95% effective concentrations (EC50 and EC95) of DEX to attenuate ED were calculated by isotonic regression estimators.

Results

The EC50 to attenuate ED was 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29 to 1.71) and EC95 was 1.43 μg/kg (95% CI –1.73 to 4.60). No patient failed parental separation while the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale at the end of the infusion was scattered from 1 to 5. One child who received 1.50 μg/kg had brief desaturation but recovered soon after being given a verbal command.

Conclusions

Dexmedetomidine can be safely used between 1.0 and 1.43 μg/kg to attenuate children's ED after sevoflurane anesthesia.
Evaluation of Eye Movements Pattern during Reading Process in Patients with Glaucoma: A Microperimeter Study
Authors: Cerulli Angelica , Cesareo Massimo , Ciuffoletti Elena , Montanaro Maria Lucia , Mancino Raffaele , Mirisola Concetta , Sorge Roberto , Cedrone Claudio , Nucci Carlo , Cerulli Luciano
Published: April 2014

Purpose

To assess eye movements pattern during reading process in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using a microperimeter.

Methods

Thirty-two patients with POAG at early and moderate stage, according to Glaucoma Staging System 2, and 34 healthy age- and sex-matched subjects were included in the study. Reading speed and accuracy were previously evaluated with specific tests adjusted for age. In addition, all participants performed a reading test with Microperimeter Nidek MP1. Ocular movements during the reading process were recorded and values of maximum and minimum eye movements along the horizontal (Xmax and Xmin) and vertical (Ymax and Ymin) axis and mean ocular movement speed were provided by the MP1.

Results

There were significant differences between patients with and without POAG in terms of Xmax and Ymax eye movement values (4.75 ± 2.57 versus 3.38 ± 0.67, p = 0.003; and 4.39 ± 1.43 versus 3.34 ± 0.52, p<0.001, respectively). These differences were significant even comparing only stage 1 patients to controls. There were no significant differences in Xmin and Ymin values and mean ocular movement speed between the 2 groups.

Conclusions

The study showed significant differences in eye movements pattern in patients with POAG during the reading test performed with the MP1 when compared to the control group. These alterations may be partly the consequence of the neurodegenerative process of the central visual pathway in glaucoma.
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in a Young Patient following Cannabis Smoke Inhalation
Authors: Corvi Federico , Querques Giuseppe , Lattanzio Rosangela , Preziosa Chiara , Parodi Maurizio Battaglia , Bandello Francesco
Published: April 2014

Purpose

To report a case of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) following cannabis smoke inhalation in a young patient.

Methods

An otherwise healthy 18-year-old man without risk factors for retinal vein occlusion presented with reduced visual acuity (20/200) secondary to CRVO following cannabis smoke inhalation. Central retinal vein occlusion was diagnosed on the basis of slit-lamp fundus biomicroscopy and fluorescein angiography.

Results

Tests for systemic causes were negative. Following one intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) and one ranibizumab injection (Lucentis), functional (20/20 visual acuity) and anatomic improvement was recorded. Fluorescein angiography showed a decrease in the vascular caliber and tortuosity, with no signs of retinal ischemia or edema.

Conclusions

We report CRVO in a young adult following cannabis smoke inhalation. Its occurrence immediately after cannabis smoking further supports a link between the use of cannabis and vascular alterations.
Els diputats catalans a les Corts de Cadis (1810-1813): procés electoral i prosopografia
Authors: Casals Bergés Quintí
Published: April 2014

En aquest treball pretenem analitzar el procés d’elecció dels diputats catalans que van representar el Principat de Catalunya a les Corts de Cadis (1810-1813), la sociologia dels parlamentaris i el seu comportament al Parlament segons la ideologia que van manifestar. Per a l’estudi hem creuat, principalment, les dades del Diccionario Biográfico de los Parlamentarios Españoles (Madrid, 2010) i la documentació de l’Arxiu del Congrés dels Diputats.Després de l’anàlisi del procés electoral, primer observem que mai no es van cobrir tots els llocs atorgats a Catalunya. En segon lloc, els diputats elegits van ser, en la seva majoria, de condició social benestant, representatius de la societat catalana i conformes amb els seus homònims espanyols; sobresortien en nombre els grups de diputats eclesiàstics, advocats i nobles. En tercer lloc, a diferència del cas global espanyol, destaquem que l’adscripció política de la representació catalana va ser de majoria reialista i es va mostrar globalment contrària a la legislació liberal aprovada a Cadis.
Ressenya De re rustica
Authors: Aguilera Ferragut David
Published: April 2014

Martí Escayol, Maria Antònia (ed.) (2012)De re rusticaVilafranca del Penedès: Edicions i Propostes Culturals Andana, 224 p.ISBN 978-84-96995-73-4
El Llibre dels secrets d’agricultura, casa rústica i pastoril (1617) de Miquel Agustí: un llibre no del tot obert
Authors: Luna-Batlle Xavier
Published: April 2014

El Llibre dels secrets d’agricultura, casa rústica i pastoril de Miquel Agustí és l’obra de temàtica agrícola i de la vida rural més important impresa en català. Aparegué el 1617 a Barcelona, i hi hagué nombroses edicions en castellà. Desperta un notable interès des de diferents aspectes lingüístics, culturals i històrics. Aquí es mostren aquestes línies d’interès, els estudis que s’han esbossat fins ara i aquells espais de recerca que caldrà anar omplint, en properes investigacions, per arribar a tenir una idea de conjunt de la transcendència i el significat del llibre en la seva època i en els períodes posteriors.
Giulia Cavagna, Anna (2012). La biblioteca di Alfonso II Del Carretto marchese di Finale. Libri tra Vienna e la Liguria nel XVI secolo
Authors: Bortolotti Ilaria
Published: April 2014

Giulia Cavagna, Anna (2012)La biblioteca di Alfonso II Del Carretto marchese di Finale. Libri tra Vienna e laLiguria nel XVI secoloFinale Ligure: Centro Storico del Finale, 429 p.ISBN 978-88-901669-2-1
Deciding between biobetter versus biosimilar development options based on net present value calculations
Authors: Bode-Greuel Kerstin Marie , Nickisch Klaus
Published: April 2014

Â AbstractThe growing share of biopharmaceuticals is paralleled by an increasing interest in biogenerics, as blockbuster biologics are approaching their patent expiries. Companies need to make decisions whether to invest in biosimilars or in biobetters with enhanced properties, the latter enabling favorable differentiation vis-Ã -vis the original product on the one hand and biosimilars on the other hand. Net present value (NPV) modelling was applied to evaluate the financial attractiveness of two categories of biobetters in comparison to biosimilars, and recommendations are made which options should be preferred depending on a companyâ€™s business model.
Market Orientation, Alliance Orientation, and Business Performance in the Biotechnology Industry
Authors: Wilson Grant Alexander , Perepelkin Jason , Zhang David Di , Vachon Marc-Antoine
Published: April 2014

The purpose of this study was to test the unexplored relationship between market orientation (MO), alliance orientation (AO), and business performance (PERF) in the medical/healthcare subsector of the Canadian biotechnology industry.Â  The study surveyed Canadian biotechnology executives via mail and web-based questionnaires.Â  It was found that the relationship between MO and PERF was positive and significant and the relationship between AO and PERF was positive and significant.Â  It was also found that the relationship between MO and AO was positive and significant, supporting the existence of a mediation relationship.Â  Specifically, MOâ€™s influence on PERF was found to be fully mediated by AO.Â  This suggests that Canadian medical/healthcare biotechnology companies that were highly market-oriented were also highly alliance-oriented, and highly alliance-oriented companies were top performing companies.Â  This study outlines the apparent sequential relationship between market-oriented behavioural commitments, alliance-oriented activities, and business performance outcomes among Canadian biotechnology companies.Â  Furthermore, it has business development and the commercialization process implications for biotechnology managers.
AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO HIDROLÓGICO DE PROTÓTIPO DE TELHADO VERDE EXTENSIVO Evaluation of hydrological performance of a green roof extensive prototype
Authors: Martins Bacovis Tiago , Nagalli André
Published: April 2014

As inundações, consequência da ocupação do solo inadequado e de sua impermeabilização excessiva, se tornaram constantes na vida da população urbana. O processo de expansão das cidades, sem qualquer tipo de gestão ambiental, tornaram os ambientes vulneráveis a alagamentos em eventos pluviais. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho hidrológico de telhados verdes em comparação às coberturas convencionalmente usadas (telhas de fibrocimento, de cerâmica, aço galvanizado e lajes impermeáveis) perante eventos de chuva, a partir da realização de um experimento em escala reduzida. Foram construídos e investigados dois protótipos de mesmas dimensões, 2,2 m x 1,1 m, sendo um de telhado verde e o outro representando um telhado impermeável qualquer. Os protótipos foram submetidos a testes hidrológicos, simulações de chuva de 43,6 mm com tempo de duração de 16min, de forma a permitir verificar a eficiência do protótipo de telhado verde na atenuação dos picos de seu hidrograma perante três situações iniciais distintas de saturação do sistema. Foi avaliado o desempenho hidrológico, no âmbito do escoamento superficial e infiltração, avaliando-se e discutindo-se o funcionamento de cada protótipo. Os resultados demonstraram que a capacidade de retenção de água pluvial do telhado verde varia em função da condição de saturação do mesmo, com evidente antecipação do pico de cheia, de modo que se pode concluir que telhados verdes podem vir a contribuir para a atenuação de enchentes.
CONTROLE ALTERNATIVO DE COLLETOTRICHUM GLOEOSPORIOIDES EM FRUTOS DE GOIABEIRA COM ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS	Alternative control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on guava fruits with essential oils
Authors: De Holanda Nozaki Márcia , Donadel Fernando , Schneider Cristina Fernanda , Detoni Alessandra Maria
Published: April 2014

O fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides é o agente causal da antracnose, maior responsável pelas perdas em pós-colheita de goiaba. Para tentar reduzir a aplicação de fungicidas, por causa do efeito residual dos produtos, existem métodos que empregam controles alternativos. Com isso o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito fungitóxico de óleos essenciais de alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), camomila (Chamomilla recutita L.) e hortelã (Mentha sp.) em diferentes concentrações no controle do fungo C. gloesporioides em frutos de goiabeira. Para avaliar o desenvolvimento do fungo nos frutos, os tratamentos foram constituídos da aplicação de três óleos essenciais das plantas medicinais, anteriormente citadas em duas concentrações (5 e 10% diluídas em 100 mL de água destilada). Verificou-se que o número de lesões nos frutos foi reduzido significativamente com relação à testemunha apenas com a aplicação dos óleos de camomila e hortelã. Com relação ao óleo de alecrim, não houve resultado significativo. Quanto ao tamanho das lesões, observou-se que todos os óleos tanto na concentração de 5% quanto na de 10%, demonstraram efeito positivo, reduzindo-as significativamente, em comparação à testemunha, porém não diferenciando entre si.
PRODUÇÃO DE AVEIA PRETA EM SOLOS COM DIFERENTES DENSIDADES EM FUNÇÃO DA ADUBAÇÃO DE FÓSFORO E MANGANÊS	PDF (Português) Oat production in soils with different densities as a function of fertilizer phosphorus and manganese
Authors: Iori Piero , Hoffmann Oliveira Anna , Hübner Braga Nunes Ayeska , Teixeira Souza Thiago Tadeu , Guedes de Carvalho Janice
Published: April 2014

Diversos fatores afetam o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de uma planta. A compactação é um destes fatores, na qual afeta, principalmente, o crescimento da planta, o desenvolvimento radicular e o coeficiente de difusão dos íons, prejudicando a absorção de nutrientes, que é um dos principais fatores necessários para uma boa produção. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a produção de matéria seca de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) em função da adubação com fósforo e manganês em solos com diferentes densidades. A cultivar de aveia preta utilizada foi a Sonora 64. Por meio do ensaio de Proctor normal, foram escolhidas duas densidades do solo, 1,04 kg dm-3 e 1,18 kg dm-3, ou seja, com graus de compactação de 65 e 75%, respectivamente, combinados com duas doses de fósforo (50 e 250 mg kg-1) e quatro doses de manganês (0, 5, 10 e 20 mg kg-1). A semeadura foi realizada utilizando-se 10 sementes por vaso. Dez dias após a emergência das plântulas, foi efetuado o desbaste, deixando quatro plantas por vaso. A densidade do solo exerceu influência negativa na produção de aveia preta. A adubação com fósforo funcionou como um fator de aliviamento da densidade do solo, resultando em uma maior produção para uma mesma densidade do solo em relação à maioria das características da planta de aveia avaliada. A adubação de manganês não refletiu em melhora da produção de aveia
COMPOSIÇÃO FLORÍSTICA DA REGENERAÇÃO NATURAL EM FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA	Floristic composition of natural regeneration in mixed ombrophyllous forest
Authors: Lima Rodrigo , Yoshihiro Nakajima Nelson , Takao Inoue Mario , Sampietro Jean Alberto
Published: April 2014

Este trabalho avalia a regeneração natural em área de Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM) degradada por aterro sanitário na região centro-sul do Paraná. A amostragem foi realizada utilizando-se de parcelas com área de 4m2. Todas as plantas vislumbravam características de altura total < ou = 10 cm até altura total < ou = a 3,0 m e DAP (Diâmetro a altura do peito) < 10 cm. O número de espécies, os gêneros e as famílias foram relatados. O coeficiente de mistura de Jentsch (QM) médio foi de 1:5, sinalizando homogeneidade nos fragmentos florestais. A Araucaria angustifolia apresentou valores baixos em todos os parâmetros avaliados.
Clinical Acceptance, Reasons for Rejection, and Reduction of In-Shoe Peak Pressure with Interdigital Silicone Orthoses
Authors: Illgner Ulrich , Budny Tymo , Hoyer Marc , Wetz Hans Henning
Published: April 2014

Background

For several years, confectioned or customized interdigital silicone orthoses have been used to treat toe malformations; however, long-term clinical and biomechanical studies are missing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effects of these orthoses and their clinical acceptance.

Methods

In 2008, 46 patients (30 women and 16 men; average age, 56.8 years) received interdigital silicone orthoses. All of the patients were included in the biomechanical and clinical study. Compliance and acceptance were measured by the Muenster shoe and foot questionnaire, which includes 13 items on pain, activities of daily living, satisfaction, and activity. Mean follow-up was 18 months. Ten feet (eight patients) were chosen by random and underwent pedobarography. One forefoot sensor and two single sensors were attached between the skin and the orthosis. Measurements were performed in-shoe three times with and without the orthosis without removal of the sensors.

Results

Forty-four of the 46 patients (95.7%) were included. At the 18-month investigation, 19 patients no longer used their orthoses, most commonly because of pain and failure of the material. Twenty-two patients regularly used their orthoses (8 h/d on average). In-shoe peak pressure lowered significantly with orthosis use (P < .04). Patients who used the orthoses were mostly satisfied.

Conclusions

Interdigital silicone orthoses reduce in-shoe peak pressure. Patient satisfaction was good. The durability of the material has to be optimized, and manufacturing remains difficult. The effect on ulcer reduction must be evaluated in a large prospective study.
Does Foot Placement Affect the Reliability of Static Foot Posture Measurements?
Authors: McPoil Thomas G. , Carrell Drew , Ehlers Derrik , Kuhlman Holly , Mufti Judy , Pomeroy Mary , Taylor Olivia , Cornwall Mark W.
Published: April 2014

Background

Previous studies have reported conflicting results on whether different foot placements in standing can affect static measurements of foot posture. We sought to determine whether three measurements of static foot posture could be consistently measured in three different foot placements while standing.

Methods

Twenty individuals, 12 women and eight men, with a mean age of 24.8 years consented to participate. Two raters assessed the dorsal arch height, midfoot width, and heel width of each foot while the participant stood in the following three foot placements: a standardized placement, a participant-determined placement after marching in place, and a rater-determined foot placement based on observation of the participant's angle of gait and base of support while walking.

Results

All three measurements of static foot posture were shown to have high levels of intrarater and interrater reliability. Significant differences in the measurements of dorsal arch height, midfoot width, and heel width were found among all three of the foot placements. There were no differences between the two raters for any of the three measurements of foot posture.

Conclusions

Based on these findings, we recommend that clinicians perform measurements of static foot posture using the same standing foot placement between sessions to ensure a high level of measurement consistency.
Effects of High-Heeled Shoes and Asymmetrical Load Carrying on Lower-Extremity Kinematics During Walking in Young Women
Authors: Lee Soul , Li Jing Xian
Published: April 2014

Background

Asymmetrical load carrying and wearing high-heeled shoes are very common. Biomechanics studies on the combined effects of high-heeled shoe wearing and asymmetrical load carrying are lacking. We sought to identify changes in lower-extremity joint kinematics associated with the effect of shoes and asymmetrical load carrying during walking.

Methods

Fifteen healthy young women (mean ± SD: age, 24.67 ± 3.54 years; body weight, 54.96 ± 6.67 kg; and height, 162.2 ± 3.91 cm) who habitually wore high-heeled shoes participated in the study. They were asked to walk under nine combined conditions of three heights of shoe heels (0, 3, and 9 cm) and three carried loads (0%, 5%, and 10% of body weight). Temporospatial parameters and maximal joint angles in the sagittal and frontal planes of the hip, knee, and ankle on both limbs were studied.

Results

It was found that high-heeled shoe wearing and asymmetrical load carrying altered temporospatial parameters and joint kinematics. With increased heel height and load weight, cadence decreased and stride length increased. The knee flexion angle increased with an increase in heel height, and the load served only to exacerbate the changes. Changes in the hip angle were mostly caused by asymmetrical load carrying, whereas angle changes in the ankle were mostly caused by an increase in heel height.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that when high-heeled shoe wearing and asymmetrical load carrying are combined, changes at each joint are much greater than with high-heeled shoe wearing or load carrying alone.
Limitation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosing Longitudinal Peroneal Tendon Tears
Authors: Pollack Daniel , Khaimov Greg , Guberman Ronald
Published: April 2014

The purpose of this case study was to highlight a potential limitation of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing longitudinal tendon tears and to emphasize the importance of clinical examination for peroneal tendinopathy. We describe a 15-year-old female with lateral ankle pain, who was negative for peroneal tendon tear on magnetic resonance imaging. Owing to high clinical suspicion of peroneal tendon pathology, we opted to take the patient to the operating room and found a 6.5-cm longitudinal tear and a low-lying muscle belly of the peroneus brevis tendon. A low-lying muscle belly of the peroneal tendon has been shown to be associated with increased tendon tears.
Acquired Calcaneus Deformity Secondary to Osteomyelitis of the Distal Tibia
Authors: Singh Davinder , Krishna Lovneesh G. , Kaur Jasbir
Published: April 2014

Osteomyelitis of the distal tibia with involvement of the distal physis can lead to various deformities around the ankle and foot. Calcaneus deformity of the foot is usually secondary to paralytic disorders. A 14-year-old boy presented with calcaneus deformity as a result of osteomyelitis of the distal tibia. Involvement of the distal tibial epiphysis as a result of osteomyelitis of the distal tibia can lead to calcaneus deformity. This deformity has not been reported in the literature. Osteomyelitis of the distal tibia should also be included as a differential diagnosis of calcaneus deformity.
The Need for Randomized Controlled Trials in Podiatric Medical Research
Authors: Porthouse Jill , Torgerson David J.
Published: April 2014

The randomized controlled trial is the most robust method available to evaluate health-care treatments. If podiatric medical practice is to be based on rigorous evidence, then high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to inform that practice. In this article, we examine the extent to which randomized controlled trials are used in recent podiatric medical research and appraise the quality of those that are available. Using the Cochrane database of all randomized controlled trials in health care, we found only six relevant trials undertaken in podiatric medicine since 1997. These studies were of variable quality. We also discuss the key features of a rigorous trial design. To date, the clinical practice of podiatric medicine is not adequately informed by the best available evidence. We call for more high-quality randomized controlled trials to be undertaken in podiatric medical research. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(3): 221–228, 2004)
Plantar Pressures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Prefabricated Metatarsal Padding
Authors: Jackson Lorraine , Binning Jodi , Potter Julia
Published: April 2014

We sought to determine whether one of two prefabricated insole designs could better manage high forefoot plantar pressures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ten subjects with rheumatoid arthritis who experienced pain with shod weightbearing were studied by using a plantar pressure measurement system. Two insole designs and a shoe-only control condition were randomly tested in repeated trials. Dome- and bar-shaped metatarsal pads made of latex foam were incorporated into full-length insoles made of urethane. Significant reductions in mean peak plantar pressures over the central metatarsals were noted when using the insole and dome pad design (12% [33 kPa]) and the insole and bar pad design (21% [58 kPa]) compared with the shoe-only condition. A prefabricated insole design incorporating a bar metatarsal pad is recommended to manage high forefoot plantar pressures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(3): 239-245, 2004)