bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historical retrospective of the administrative-territorial division of the Russian Empire and regional administration in the work of K. I. Arsenyev "Statistical Essays of Russia"
Authors: Morozov Alexander Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2024

The object of the research is the fundamental work of the famous Russian scientist of the first half of the XIX century K. I. Arsenyev "Statistical essays of Russia". The author provides a brief overview of the content of each of the essays. Special attention is paid to a detailed analysis of the history of the reforms of administrative-territorial division and public administration in the Russian Empire described in the work under study. All the changes that took place in this area from the beginning of the reign of Peter I to the middle of the XVIII century are considered in detail. Various decrees, instructions and other official acts on the management of regions are given and their significance is analyzed. The process of changes in the territorial structure of the Russian Empire and their causes are analyzed. The article highlights the division of the country into spaces proposed by Arsenyev, taking into account natural and economic characteristics. The methodology of the work is based on the principles of historicism, reliability and scientific character. A historical-comparative approach and theoretical methods such as analysis, synthesis and generalization were used. Based on a detailed study and analysis of the works of K. I. Arsenyev and especially his most famous work "Statistical Sketches of Russia", a conclusion was made about the undoubted historical and scientific value of his scientific heritage. The study of his work allows us to trace how the administrative-territorial division of Russia was improved from the beginning of the XVIII to the middle of the XIX century and state policy was changing in order to optimally manage a centralized state. Analyzing the historical decrees cited by Arsenyev, it can be concluded that the main goals of the regional policy of the empire were the political and economic integration of the country, the establishment of its social, legal and administrative homogeneity, but taking into account regional peculiarities. It should also be emphasized that the division of the territory into spaces proposed by Arsenyev was the basis for further formation of zoning ideas. Conclusions are drawn about the importance of Arsenyev's works for the subsequent development of the national school of zoning and regional management.
Transformation of the discourse of the Lega party during the years of M. Salvini's leadership
Authors: Okhotnikov Daniil Igorevich
Published: October 2024

The present paper focuses on the changes observed in the discourse of the Italian right-wing populist party Lega from 2013 to the present. During this period, the party's rating experienced phases of explosive growth, sustained decline, and prolonged stagnation. The peak of popularity was reached in 2019 when M. Salvini held the position of one of the two deputy prime ministers in the government of G. Conte, and the party achieved an unequivocal victory in the European Parliament elections with over 34% of the vote. From 2019 to 2024 the Lega played a key role in the far-right group of the European Parliament "Identity and Democracy". The main task was the deconstruction of the party's ideological drift during the leadership of M. Salvini, and an additional task was to establish the reasons that required a change in the discursive strategy and style of political communication. The study is based on the results of qualitative analysis of the party's program documents and public speeches of its leaders, as well as electoral statistics. For the first time, the transformation that the discourse of the Lega underwent after joining the center-right Italian government, which came to power in the fall of 2022, is described. It seems that the reasons for these changes should be sought in the loss of status as an opposition party, the change in world environment, and competition from partners in the governing coalition. It is noted that the attempt to revive the far-right populist discourse, with which the Lega achieved maximum success in 2019, has not been able to turn around the crisis situation in which the party has remained for the last few years. The results obtained may find further application in studies of the phenomenon of right-wing populism and political expertise.
On the issue of interaction of operational units with banking institutions on crimes committed using information technology, including the Internet
Authors: Sidorova Ekaterina Zakarievna , Usov Evgenii Gennad'evich , Aliev Timur Firudinovich
Published: October 2024

The subject of this study is the specifics of the interaction of operational units of internal affairs bodies with banking institutions on crimes committed using the Internet information and telecommunications network. The purpose of the work is to consider and resolve certain problematic aspects of this interaction. The relevance of the chosen topic has both theoretical and practical aspects of significance in modern realities. In the context of the dynamic growth of crimes using information technology, including the Internet, it is important to consider the issues of countering this type of crime. In the modern world, this category of crime has a topical character in the context of its disclosure and investigation. In 2023, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation registered 677 thousand crimes using information and telecommunication technologies, and in 2019 this figure was 294 thousand 409 crimes. Thus, we are talking about a twofold increase in the commission of such crimes over the past five years. The research methodology is based on general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition – dialectical, logical, statistical, comparative legal, formal legal, legal forecasting. The authors of the presented article came to the conclusion that this category of crime comes to the fore due to the dynamic growth of its commission and variations in its manifestations. In this regard, it is important to consider the issue of regulating at the legislative level the timing of providing operationally relevant information from banking institutions to operational units within the framework of operational investigative measures for crimes committed using the Internet information and telecommunications network. At the initial stage, the collection of the necessary information also depends on the time interval for providing responses from banking institutions to requests from operational units. To a certain extent, this may affect both the timeliness and effectiveness of the disclosure of these crimes and those involved in them.
Psychological self-regulation as a condition for successful completion of the discipline "fire training"
Authors: Fisher Igor' Vladimirovich
Published: October 2024

Employees of the internal affairs bodies, performing their duties in stressful situations, must maintain not only emotional stability, but also professional activity, integrity, and the ability to act lawfully and rationally. Stressful situations arising in connection with the use of state coercion measures cause psycho-emotional and physiological stress. Fire training, among other things, should be considered as a stressful situation. In this regard, when studying the discipline "Fire training", most students of vocational training need to carry out psychological self-regulation. Psychological self–regulation is, firstly, the ability to resist negative emotional stresses that arise in stressful situations; secondly, it is a conscious influence on one's psyche, which aims to relieve mental stress and bring the body to a normal state. In preparing the article, the author used mainly general scientific research methods – generalization, systematization, comparative analysis, included observation, as well as a synthesis of practical experience in fire training and an interdisciplinary review of the literature on the problem under study. Main conclusions: 1. Knowledge of ways to manage a psychoemotional state will contribute to a faster achievement of the main goal: to teach students the skillful use of firearms in any stressful situation without the influence of consciousness, that is, instinctively, at the level of intuition. 2. In the course of our research, the most simple to use and time-consuming "express" methods of managing a psychoemotional state were established. They can be used during a traumatic situation to quickly achieve a positive result, for example, during classes in the discipline "Fire training" to relieve mental stress and bring your body to a normal state at the firing line before performing a shooting exercise. 3. The traumatic factors affecting the trainees of professional training during shooting generate a state of psychoemotional and physical stress. It is characterized by tremor of the arms and legs, difficulty breathing, and a rapid heartbeat. Based on this, the author of the article used "express" methods of managing the psycho-emotional state in the classroom, which contributed to the growth of shooting results, as well as optimizing the time needed to learn shooting techniques.
About the peculiarities of the objective side of driving a vehicle in a state of intoxication by a person who has been subjected to administrative punishment or has a criminal record
Authors: Erte Daria
Published: October 2024

The author, based on the current legislation, clarifications of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, and special scientific literature, examines in detail some problematic issues that arise in law enforcement when establishing signs of the objective side of the crime provided for in Article 264.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. An important aspect is the need for a differentiated approach to assessing the actions of drivers, which requires taking into account the specific circumstances of the case. The study of these problems can contribute to the formation of clearer judicial practice and reduce the number of errors in criminal prosecution under Article 264.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In addition, the formulated criteria for assessing the objective side of the crime in Article 264.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation should be adapted to modern legal practice and understood in the context of the general principles of criminal law. This will minimize the cases of bringing to justice persons whose actions do not contain signs of a crime provided for in this article. The methodological basis of this study consists of the basic provisions of the dialectical method of cognition, general scientific and private scientific methods, such as comparative legal, formal logical, formal legal, systemic. The article reveals the objective side of driving a vehicle in a state of intoxication by a person who has been subjected to administrative punishment or has a criminal record. It has been established that this crime can be committed only by action – driving a motor vehicle. According to the construction of the objective side, the corpus delicti provided for in Article 264.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is formal, and therefore, the moment of the end of the crime is associated with the beginning of movement of a mechanical vehicle under the control of a driver who is intoxicated. In order to recognize the process of driving a vehicle as having taken place, it is necessary to establish circumstances indicating the direct impact of the driver on the controls, as a result of which the vehicle moves in space. The results of the conducted research have scientific value, since they represent a comprehensive analysis of the objective side of the crime provided for in Article 264. 1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation through some criminal law and criminal procedure problems existing both in theory and in law enforcement.
An approach to the implementation of measures to reduce incidents when receiving and handing over weapons and ammunition
Authors: Arkhipov Sergei Nikolaevich
Published: October 2024

In this study, the author analyzes the causes and factors contributing to the occurrence of situations of unprofessional actions of policemen in handling combat hand-held small arms related to an involuntary shot when receiving and preparing it for service or when handing over weapons at the end of service. The author examines in detail such issues as: -ensuring security when receiving and handing over weapons in the duty station; - the lack of a unified approach, in the order of actions performed with weapons when loading and discharging it in the duty station; - the use of a single algorithm of employee actions and schemes for it, as ways to reduce cases of injury when loading and discharging weapons. The subject of the study is the algorithm of actions of employees when handling weapons when receiving and handing them over in the duty station. The object of the author's research is the professional training of employees of the territorial bodies of internal affairs of the Russian Federation. Research methods: generalization, comparative analysis, included observation; system analysis and synthesis of practical experience of fire training and interdisciplinary literature review on the studied problem; sociological methods: expert assessments; mathematical and statistical data processing. The main conclusions of the study are: 1.The causes of accidents with firearms are due to non-compliance with safety measures when handling weapons; 2. The lack of an exact sequence of actions with weapons when loading weapons and discharging them manifests itself in the chaotic execution of these actions. 3. The lack of a single algorithm for loading and unloading weapons is the cause of accidents. 4. The use of the algorithm of the employee's actions when loading weapons before entering service and discharging them upon delivery and the scheme for it, placed in the duty stations in the place for loading and discharging weapons, will minimize the likelihood of an accidental shot. A special contribution of the author is the development of a single algorithm and a scheme for it, which are introduced into the educational process and professional activities of the ATS staff. The novelty of the research lies in the development of a single algorithm for the actions of employees with weapons when receiving and handing them over to the duty station.
Institute of Mediation: current state and development prospects.
Authors: Kel'manzon Il'ya Maksimovich
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes the current state of the institution of mediation as an alternative method of resolving disputes and possible ways of its development. The most important problems of mediation that exist at the current stage of its development in the Russian Federation are studied. Among such problems, the author highlighted the insufficient level of professional education of mediators and the process of execution of the mediation agreement. Attention was also drawn to the lack of awareness among civil society participants of the nature and essence of the mediation procedure. The author conducted a study of an array of statistical data on the use of mediation procedures for the previous period 2014–2022. Based on these statistics, as well as gaps in legislation, the main conclusions of this work were drawn, aimed at the evolutionary development of the covered institution. The author’s main conclusions based on the results of the research are: the need to legislatively establish in the Law on Mediation the required level of additional education for professional mediators and, possibly, the type of document that confirms this education; legislate the principle of competence in the professional activity of a mediator (by analogy with the communities of lawyers and notaries); the need for further regulation of rules to guarantee the execution of a mediation agreement by contacting a notary; the introduction of the above innovations will resolve another problem – it will increase awareness of the essence of mediation and its significance in the eyes of potential participants in the procedure, and increase confidence in the mediator as a professional conciliator. The author also put forward a proposal to introduce a mediation procedure in disputes about the protection of consumer rights (within the framework of online trading on marketplaces), which will reduce the burden on the judicial system.
On clarifying the concept of "power of attorney" of artificial intelligence systems
Authors: Tikhanychev Oleg Vasilyevich
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is the concept of "power of attorney" of artificial intelligence controlling robotic means of varying degrees of autonomy. The relevance of the choice of the subject of research as the principles of the use of robotic systems for various purposes, including in a group, and the object of research, which are algorithmic problems arising in the implementation of group action algorithms, is determined by the existing contradiction between the need for joint use of robotic systems, primarily autonomous, and the complexity of the software implementation of this requirement. The implementation of robotics generates certain technological problems related to the efficiency and safety of algorithmic support of autonomous and controlled robotic systems. The manifestation of such problems may be application errors that reduce the effectiveness of joint actions. In robotics, the main potential reason for the appearance of such a situation is the insufficient effectiveness of existing group application control algorithms, determined by the low level of problem study. The article formulates a list of typical situations that determine the use of autonomous and controlled robots in a group with a leader. On the basis of the proposed classification, possible algorithms for controlling movement in the group are analyzed: both calculations for target maneuvering and for ensuring mutual security. The main situations concerning the types of maneuver are formulated and the mathematical apparatus for their calculations is described. Based on the overview analysis of typical algorithms for controlling movement in space, the formulation of the scientific problem of solving the problem of developing group algorithms and mathematical methods is synthesized.
The poetics of paired texts in the lyrics of Yu. V. Zhadovskaya
Authors: Zenevich Ekaterina Vasilievna
Published: October 2024

One of the characteristic features of Julia Zhadovskaya's poetry (1824–1883) is the abundance of repetitions: each theme is repeated several times, while retaining all its main distinctive features. Such a feature of Zhadovskaya's creative method as double thematic repetition is revealed: some poems form semantic pairs. The published and unpublished poems of Yu.V. Zhadovskaya served as the material for the study. The following methods were used to conduct the research: the method of historical and philological analysis (in identifying the historical context in lyrical works), the comparative method (in determining the structural, formal and other features of poems included in the lyrical microcycle), as well as the method of complex text analysis. In the research we study about Zhadovskaya's work, the phenomenon of the existence of paired texts has not been considered previously. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the identification of "paired" texts and the creation of a typological classification of lyrical pairs. We decided to combine texts into pairs based on the following features: the identity of titles according to synonymic and antonymic principles, variations of a common theme, intertextual dialogue. In conclusion, the author made the point that Zhadovskaya's paired poetic texts express a single figurative system, complementing and strengthening it. Microcycles consisting of plot analogies, thematic repetitions and parallels are of particular interest not only as a way of expressing the author's view of the world, but also as a way of organizing the reader's perception. And the cyclization in Zhadovskaya's lyrics deserves attention as a natural phenomenon of the development of lyrical cyclization in the literary process of the second third of the XIX century.
The "Religion of Love" in the poetry of Guruzada Apparao as an educational philosophy
Authors: Volkova Anna Andreevna
Published: October 2024

The subject of this article is the poetry of the Indian educator of the XIX – early XX century Guruzada Apparao. The poet's work reveals his program of the "religion of love", which has become an expression of the educational philosophy of Guruzada. Coming from the circles of the Indian intelligentsia formed under the colonial influence, Guruzada Apparao believed that in relations with the colonialists – the British – one should adhere to "practical patriotism", which assumed effective assistance to the people of the country, and not verbal strife. Guruzada Apparao's poetry is based on civic lyrics, which contain a protest against the ignorance of the Indian people, caste inequality, religious prejudice, and the oppressed position of Indian women. Special attention is paid to the reflection in the poet's work of the activities of the Indian National Congress, the leading political organization in the country, and criticism of its methods of fighting for the empowerment of Indians. The methodological basis of the article is the comparative historical method, with the help of which the specific historical features of Guruzada Apparao's "religion of love" are highlighted. As a result of the conducted research, the author came to the following conclusions: 1) the civil lyrics of Guruzada Apparato were formed in the conditions of the colonial-dependent state of India, which resulted in a significant deterioration in the situation of the Indian people. In this regard, Guruzada's poems trace educational motives, calls for a fight against the ignorance of the people, against the religious prejudices dominating in Indian society. As a result, Guruzada wrote works accessible to the common people, using folk expressions, and became one of the founders of modern Telugu literature. 2) At the same time, Guruzada Apparato stood apart from the leading political forces of the country at that time, in particular, from the Indian National Congress, considering its activities ineffective due to the desire to obtain personal power. 3) The "religion of love", which was one of the main motives of the poet's mature work, fades into the background at the end of his life, giving way to motives of disappointment and lack of agreement.
Trends in the development of new vocabulary in Russian-language texts 1991-2016
Authors: Rychkova Tatiana Aleksandrovna
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of the lexical system of the Russian language in the period from 1991 to 2016. The analysis showed that in the vocabulary with sharply increased popularity, there is a predominance of nouns and adjectives, which indicates a tendency to increase their use. At the same time, the frequency of using other parts of speech remains stable or decreases. The study also revealed that neologisms can significantly increase their frequency of use in the context of new socio-historical realities. Special attention is paid to the derived forms of established words, which have a high probability of increasing popularity compared to root words. It was revealed that topics related to economics and finance were more significant for Russians in the period under review than terms related to new realities such as the Internet. Finally, the study focuses on a large number of words with pejorative coloring, reflecting financial problems and social difficulties, which indicates the negative aspects of life in the post-Soviet period and their impact on language. To analyze lexical changes, an innovative method of automatic selection of lexical neoplasms was used, developed within the framework of the project "Automatic detection of lexical changes". The application of this method represents a significant improvement over traditional approaches based on manual search in various sources. Unlike previously used methods, this study uses a method of automatic text processing using a specially developed Python program. Using this program, a 1992-2016 file consisting of 70,498,699 words was analyzed. From this file, words were selected whose frequency of use increased by 1000% and were used more than 1000 times, which made it possible to identify the most significant and popular lexical units in the life of the country during the period under review. Based on this volumetric sample and machine counting, the most objective results were obtained, which allows not only to identify new and outdated words, but also to track general trends in the use of vocabulary. This is the first time a project of this type is being implemented in Russia.
Christian discourse of the English series «Robin of Sherwood» (1984–1986) and its reflection in the modern literary internet space of Russia (Article two)
Authors: Shirokova Marina Alekseevna
Published: October 2024

The author continues the research begun in the previous article («Philosophy and Culture», 2023, No. 11). The subject of the study is the Christian discourse of the English TV series «Robin of Sherwood» (1984–1986). The texts under study are the narrative of the series «Robin of Sherwood», as well as a complex of documents, articles and video materials dedicated to the film. Works of fiction based on the series in the Russian-language literary Internet space are also analyzed, mainly the fan story «Alone in Wykeham or the Gratitude of a Former Templar», which is considered as the most Christian reading of the film. The philosophical-hermeneutical approach is used as the methodological basis of scientific work. The method of hermeneutic interpretation of an artistic text is also used, aimed at identifying the meaning of a particular work of art through the prism of a certain value system. Hermeneutic interpretation includes historical-cultural, contextual and lexical-syntactic analysis. It is concluded that the Christian component of the film text is strengthened in the story, since the spiritual evolution of the characters is shown, leading them to Christian morality and even directly to the Christian faith. As for the discourse of the series, the image of Robin Hood in it embodies the ideal of the «good king», historically formed in the popular consciousness. Unlike other artistic interpretations of the legend of Robin Hood, King Richard the Lionheart in the film loses the features of a Christian sovereign, the personification of the highest truth and legitimate power, and these characteristics are transferred to Robin Hood. In addition, the actions and statements of the main character position him as an example of Christian chivalry, which is also reflected in the texts created by the Russian-speaking audience of the series.
Ideas about patriotism in the worldview of M.A. Bulgakov: an experience of historical-philosophical reconstruction
Authors: Gorokhov Pavel Aleksandrovich , Yuzhaninova Ekaterina Rafaelevna
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research is to study the totality of ideological ideas about patriotism, which can be reconstructed based on the study of the works of M.A. Bulgakov. The object of the study is the creative heritage of M.A. Bulgakov, and the subject is the idea of patriotism in the philosophical worldview of M.A. Bulgakov. The methodological basis of this study is comparative historical analysis, philosophical comparative studies and the hermeneutic method as the identification and interpretation of meanings hidden in artistic creativity. The patriotic views of Mikhail Bulgakov, which are an integral part of his philosophical worldview, were in many ways similar to the views of A.S. Pushkin, who always distinguished between ostentatious official patriotism and genuine love for the Fatherland. M.A. Bulgakov also did not identify the Motherland with the state, but he knew, appreciated and loved the complex and tragic history of our Fatherland, believing history to be the most important factor for the formation of patriotic consciousness. But, like F.M. Dostoevsky and Bulgakov realized the need for strong state power for the preservation and prosperity of Russia – the main thing is that this power takes into account the interests of not only the state, but also ordinary citizens. The homeland was thought of by M.A. Bulgakov as a House where books and children play a huge role as indispensable conditions for truly human life. At its core, the patriotic ideas of M.A. Bulgakov belong to the enlightened conservatism that was characteristic of N.M. Karamzin and other Russian educators. It is quite obvious that the conservative ideology, the conductor of which had been the great Russian writer M.A. Bulgakov, is becoming extremely popular in the modern Russia.
The Russian-German trade in the review of the "Journal of Manufactures and Trade" in 1825-1834: the content-analysis practice
Authors: Diomidova Maria Iliinichna
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes the Russian-German trade based on the materials of the monthly "Journal of Manufactures and Trade", Russian commercial magazine, which was published in 1825-1860, and covered a wide range of economic topics. Issues of a production and commercial nature were put on the central place, as it’s supposed by the name and structure of the «Journal». The most valuable period is the first 10 years of its issue. In these articles close attention was paid to various aspects of foreign trade. The task of our research was to identify key topics, which were related to Russian-German trade relations and covered in the Journal. It was also interesting to trace the changes in the thematic content in 1825-1834, during the period of changes in customs legislation both in Russia and in German countries. To solve these tasks, the content analysis method in the computer program MAXQDA was chosen. The relevance of the work is based on the poor study of the articles’ texts of the "Journal" in the context of trade problems. The research carried out the presence of stable trends in the coverage of foreign trade issues, however, textile production issues occupied a central place, while trade was considered as a second. The main conclusion of this article was the discovery of strong links between the indicators of trade items, which were established in our previous study of the statistics of Russian-German trade, as key (wool, silk, wood), and the mention of German states in the Journal's articles. Thus, the press information confirms the statistical data in the studied period under review. The results obtained can be used for further, more in-depth research on foreign trade issues, as well, as other topics covered in the Journal.
In memory of Alexey Anatolyevich Frolov (09/25/1974 – 07/10/2024)
Authors: Borodkin Leonid Iosifovich , Vladimirov Vladimir Nikolayevich , Garskova Irina Markovna
Published: October 2024

On July 10, 2024, Alexey Anatolyevich Frolov, Doctor of Historical Sciences, President of the Association "History and Computer", a leading researcher at the Institute of Universal History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a talented scientist and a wonderful person, passed away. His contribution to historical science, in particular in such areas as the source study of Russian history, historical geography and cartography of Russia, as well as historical computer science, is difficult to overestimate. The entire life of the graduate of the Faculty of History of Lomonosov Moscow State University A.A. Frolov was associated with research work in the listed branches of historical science. After graduating from the university, his professional activity began in the Tver region, Torzhok, a significant part of his activities during these years was related to archaeological research.  Within the framework of historical informatics, A.A. Frolov was a unique specialist, combining in his work high qualifications in the field of history with a deep understanding of the essence of information and computer technologies and possession of practical skills in creating databases, Internet sites and digital maps. He raised the issues of creating a repository of historical spatial data and integrating geodata. A.A. Frolov stood at the origins of Russian historical geoinformatics, his contribution to the process of adapting geoinformation systems and technologies for the needs and purposes of historical science is invaluable – ultimately for turning historical geoinformatics into a full-fledged historical research tool. A.A. Frolov actively participated in scientific life, was a regular participant in scientific conferences in Russia and abroad, he is the author of a number of scientific papers that brought him well-deserved fame in the circles of the Russian scientific historical community. In 2022, A.A. Frolov was elected President of the Association "History and Computer", where in a relatively short time he managed to become a leader of the scientific community and earn high prestige not only as a scientist, but also as an organizer of science.
Boyar land ownership according to the complex of scribal materials of the Obonezhskaya pyatina of the Novgorod land: visualization in GIS
Authors: Gavrilov Pavel Vladimirovich
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the localization of microregions of the Obonezhskaya pyatina of the Novgorod land and the fate of ancestral land holdings. The subject of the study is the historical and geographical information of scribal books. The purpose of the work is to map the land ownership of the reconstructed register of Novgorod owners of boyar origin by analyzing the history of the Novgorod secular patrimony at the last stage of its existence. The source of the reconstruction is the scribal books of the Novgorod land on the Obonezhskaya pyatina. The property of the source base under consideration is the preservation of information about the old owners – the Novgorod boyars, brought together by Ivan III. An attempt is made to summarize the results obtained in the study of two aspects of the Novgorod land – historical and genealogical and historical and geographical historiographic lines. Special attention is paid to the composition of the owners of Novgorod time in the rural periphery. The present study aims to fill in the lack of data on the owners of the municipalities surrounding Novgorod. The method of mapping the database using QGIS 3. 32. 2. consists in visualizing the attributes of points: the source of information about the boyar, his Christian affiliation, an intermediate ancestor and the surname to which the character belonged. GIS capabilities make it possible to reconstruct the distribution of boyar family possessions across the Novgorod land. The distribution of boyar volosts is uneven: landholdings on the northern and eastern coasts of Lake Onega are concentrated, and scattered on the southeastern shore. There is the least written evidence of Boyar land ownership in the churchyards located south of Lake Ladoga. The land ownership of the Prussian-carpenter boyars prevails, the plots of the titled owners of the Slavensky and Nerevsky ends are the least fractional. The Olonets churchyard was the place of concentration of the boyars' patrimony of both the three groups of Novgorod and the archbishop. The indication of the Knyazhishche parish within the boundaries of the churchyard, as well as the name of Lake Knyazheselskoye in the valley of the Belaya River, is an argument in favor of the fact that the prince once had a representative office in the microregion. The novelty of the study lies in the characterization of the composition of landowners of a significant territory, including areas of ancient settlement.
The effect of hypomagnetic conditions on the size of a person's pupil
Authors: Sarimov Ruslan Maratovich
Published: October 2024

Earlier it was reported that hypomagnetic conditions resulting from a 100-fold decrease in geomagnetic field induction affect human cognitive processes, which was evaluated in several computer tests. Exposure in hypomagnetic conditions for 40 minutes led to a statistically significant increase in both the execution time and the number of errors in the tasks. The magnitude of this magnetic effect, averaged over 40 healthy subjects in 80 hour experiments, was about 1.7 percent. This paper describes the results of a study in which the characteristics of the state of the right eye of each subject were recorded on video, while the subject performed cognitive tests. It turned out that under hypomagnetic conditions, the pupil size increases. This effect was calculated based on the processing of a large array of data, including more than a million video frames. The average magnetic effect was about 1.6 percent. Taking into account the heterogeneity, the significance level of the effect is close to significant (0.07, ANOVA, the subjects' factor is random). Magnetic reactions recorded both for different cognitive tests and for pupil size observed simultaneously do not correlate. Approximately equal numbers of testers showed positive and negative effects in each test. Non-specific reactions to the magnetic field appear to be random.
Effect of continuous and modulated ultrasound on fish neurons.
Authors: Pashovkin Timofei Nikolaevich , Sadikova Diana Gablel'fartovna
Published: October 2024

Currently, transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is being intensively developed as a new non-invasive method of neuromodulation. A convenient model for demonstrating ultrasonic neuromodulation is the nervous system of fish. Experiments have been carried out on Goldfishes. We have recorded general swimming reaction and turning reaction of fishes in the special chamber which bottom had been divided into sectors. We observed decrease of general swimming reaction and turning reaction after influence of continuous ultrasonic waves of therapeutic intensities (f = 0.88 MHz), when intensity was more than 0.7 W/cm2, and increase of these responses at intensities less than 0.1 W/cm2. Application of modulated ultrasonic fields as an acting factor produced changes of activity of fishes dependent on a modulating frequency. The action spectra have been received using an amplitude modulation (AM) of low frequency. This spectra reflect the work of the whole brain (tests of change of a general swimming reaction of fishes), and the work of identified Mauthner’s neuron, that is responsible for turning response of fishes. The action spectrum for Mauthner’s neuron is more expressed and contains three kinds of frequencies by the action on fishes activity: frequency of activation (8 Hz), partially depressing (6, 10 Hz) and neutral (3, 7, 9 Hz). Spectra are received at equienergy action АМ of ultrasonic sound irrespective of a modulating frequency (porosity = 2) and spatial average and temporal average intensities of 0.35 W/cm2. From an action spectrum we can conclude, that on one modulating frequency effects of a carrier frequency are relaxed, and on others strengthen. This approach can find application in ultrasonic therapy when it is necessary to make ultrasonic action more effective and to decrease potential hazard of action due to the cavity action.
Neuropeptide Bursicon and its receptor mediated the transition from summer-form to winter-form of Cacopsylla chinensis
Authors: Zhang Zhixian , Li Jianying , Wang Yilin , Li Zhen , Liu Xiaoxia , Zhang Songdou
Published: October 2024

Seasonal polyphenism enables organisms to adapt to environmental challenges by increasing phenotypic diversity.
Cacopsylla chinensis
exhibits remarkable seasonal polyphenism, specifically in the form of summer-form and winter-form, which have distinct morphological phenotypes. Previous research has shown that low temperature and the temperature receptor
CcTRPM
regulate the transition from summer-form to winter-form in
C. chinensis
by impacting cuticle content and thickness. However, the underling neuroendocrine regulatory mechanism remains largely unknown. Bursicon, also known as the tanning hormone, is responsible for the hardening and darkening of the insect cuticle. In this study, we report for the first time on the novel function of Bursicon and its receptor in the transition from summer-form to winter-form in
C. chinensis
. Firstly, we identified
CcBurs-
α and
CcBurs-
β as two typical subunits of Bursicon in
C. chinensis
, which were regulated by low temperature (10°C) and
CcTRPM
. Subsequently,
CcBurs-
α and
CcBurs-
β formed a heterodimer that mediated the transition from summer-form to winter-form by influencing the cuticle chitin contents and cuticle thickness. Furthermore, we demonstrated that
CcBurs-R
acts as the Bursicon receptor and plays a critical role in the up-stream signaling of the chitin biosyntheis pathway, regulating the transition from summer-form to winter-form. Finally, we discovered that miR-6012 directly targets
CcBurs-R
, contributing to the regulation of Bursicon signaling in the seasonal polyphenism of
C. chinensis
. In summary, these findings reveal the novel function of neuroendocrine regulatory mechanism underlying seasonal polyphenism and provide critical insights into insect Bursicon and its receptor.
Deep learning-based anomaly detection using one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D CNN) in machine centers (MCT) and computer numerical control (CNC) machines
Authors: Athar Ali , Mozumder Md Ariful Islam , Abdullah  , Ali Sikandar , Kim Hee-Cheol
Published: October 2024

Computer numerical control (CNC) and machine center (MCT) machines are mechanical devices that manipulate different tools using computer programming as inputs. Predicting failures in CNC and MCT machines before their actual failure time is crucial to reduce maintenance costs and increase productivity. This study is centered around a novel deep learning-based model using a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) for early fault detection in MCT machines. We collected sensor-based data from CNC/MCT machines and applied various preprocessing techniques to prepare the dataset. Our experimental results demonstrate that the 1D-CNN model achieves a higher accuracy of 91.57% compared to traditional machine learning classifiers and other deep learning models, including Random Forest (RF) at 89.71%, multi-layer perceptron (MLP) at 87.45%, XGBoost at 89.67%, logistic regression (LR) at 75.93%, support vector machine (SVM) at 75.96%, K-nearest neighbors (KNN) at 82.93%, decision tree at 88.36%, naïve Bayes at 68.31%, long short-term memory (LSTM) at 90.80%, and a hybrid 1D CNN + LSTM model at 88.51%. Moreover, our proposed 1D CNN model outperformed all other mentioned models in precision, recall, and F-1 scores, with 91.87%, 91.57%, and 91.63%, respectively. These findings highlight the efficacy of the 1D CNN model in providing optimal performance with an MCT machine’s dataset, making it particularly suitable for small manufacturing companies seeking to automate early fault detection and classification in CNC and MCT machines. This approach enhances productivity and aids in proactive maintenance and safety measures, demonstrating its potential to revolutionize the manufacturing industry.
Research progress and mitigation strategies for pod shattering resistance in rapeseed
Authors: Liu Li , Javed Hafiz Hassan , Hu Yue , Luo Yu-Qin , Peng Xiao , Wu Yong-Cheng
Published: October 2024

Background

Mature rapeseed pods typically shatter when harvested, resulting in approximately 8–12% yield loss. Adverse weather conditions and mechanized harvesting can diminish pod yield by up to 50%, primarily owing to delays in harvesting and mechanical collisions. The pod shatter resistance index (PSRI) assesses pod damage. Recent research focused on comparing pod shatter resistance among varieties, evaluating methods, and studying gene knockout mechanisms. However, there remains a pressing need to broaden the scope of research. In particular, it is essential to recognize that pod shatter, a complex trait, influenced by genetics, environment, agronomic practices, and harvest techniques. Future studies should integrate these factors to develop comprehensive strategies to mitigate pod shatter, enhancing rapeseed yields and agricultural mechanization. This review explores factors affecting pod shatter resistance and strategies to improve it.

Methodology

Scoping literature review that adhered to the methodological framework for systematic reviews was performed using search engines such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. This review aimed to identify pertinent articles, which were subsequently subjected to thorough screening and evaluation. The protocol for this literature review involved the following key steps: definition of research questions, development of a search strategy, development of data extraction strategy, synthesis of the extracted data, and organization and analysis of the extracted data.

Results

The review presents strategies for enhancing rapeseed yield during mechanized harvesting, focusing on four key areas: (i) selecting and breeding shatter-resistant varieties using DNA markers to establish a robust germplasm resource; (ii) optimizing cultivation technologies and agronomic measures to elicit favorable interactions between compact plant-type genotypes and the environment, thereby facilitating nutrient-related regulatory mechanisms of rapeseed pods to improve pod dry weight and resistance; (iii) innovating combine header design and structure to better suit rapeseed harvesting; and (iv) providing training for operators to enhance their harvesting skills. These comprehensive measures aim to minimize yield loss, increase production efficiency.

Conclusion

To effectively reduce yield loss during mechanized harvesting of rapeseed, it is crucial to enhance resistance to pod shattering by addressing both internal physiological factors and external environmental conditions. This requires a holistic approach that includes genetic improvements, optimization of ecological conditions, careful cultivation management, and precise harvesting timing, along with ongoing research into traits related to machine harvesting to boost production efficiency and sustainability.
A gestão urbana a partir do institucionalismo técnico
Authors: Oliveira Tatiana Souto Maior de , Silveira Rafael Slugek da , Sequeira Donald Francisco Quintana , Rocha Leonel da , Chu Geane Derosso , Torquato João Vitor , Rezende Denis Alcides
Published: October 2024

A mudança das estruturas e processos da cidade, bem como dos processos econômicos mundiais vem sendo caracterizada por um novo cenário urbano. Percebe-se a insuficiência das ações da gestão pública frente as novas demandas cidade, principalmente pelo fato de um não entendimento das entrelinhas da realidade local. O objetivo é identificar uma abordagem institucional técnica no processo de gestão das intervenções tecnológicas no meio urbano. A metodologia da pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa e se caracteriza como uma pesquisa exploratória.  O resultado da pesquisa identificou uma lacuna teórica quanto a relação entre as questões técnicas e o meio urbano, e desta forma a ausência de um instrumento que dê conta dos processos de intervenção tecnológica nas cidades. A proposta de um modelo de gestão baseado em uma abordagem teórica institucional vai ao encontro dessa lacuna e pode alinhar as intervenções técnicas com a realidade sociocultural e tecnológica da cidade. A conclusão demonstrou que uso abordagem teórica institucional por parte dos gestores urbanos pode maximizar os resultados das ações aumentando a qualidade destes, fazendo com que os propósitos das ações sejam alcançados e consequentemente, ampliada a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos.