bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using 3D-modeling to improve the quality of bachelors’ training in the field of socio-cultural activities
Authors: Ascheulova Anna V. , Gribkov Dmitry N. , Mamaeva Ekaterina A. , Nimatulaev Magomedkhan M.
Published: January 2024

Problem statement. The implementation of 3D modeling elements in the in-demand specialists’ training of the socio-cultural sphere is in line with the recommendations of UNESCO and the priorities of Russia’s state cultural policy. The study aimed at substantiating the effectiveness of the three-dimensional computer graphics usage for specialists’ training to improve the quality of their education. Methodology . Theoretical and methodological analysis and generalization of fundamental scientific works on the research problem, processing of test results, and three-dimensional models of cultural objects are applied. The pedagogical experiment involved 49 students of the direction of training 51.03.03 Socio-cultural Activities (level - bachelor’s degree) of Orel State Institute of Culture. Pearson’s χ2 test was used as a statistical processing method. Results . The features of the use of three-dimensional computer graphics in the training of specialists in the socio-cultural sphere to improve the quality of their training are determined: activation of information communication; support for solving economic and engineering problems as components of socio-cultural activities; automation of a large number of calculations, etc. Statistically significant differences in qualitative changes in the pedagogical system were revealed. Conclusion . The use of three-dimensional computer graphics in the training of specialists in the socio-cultural sphere will help to increase the level of their professional training while providing a set of conditions: a combination of design, educational and research activities; orientation to the performance of labor functions; application of fundamental theoretical information on technologies for organizing leisure activities in real socio-cultural activities, etc.
Satisfaction with the quality of distance education at a medical university during quarantine measures
Authors: Bukataeva Almagul B. , Ovcharov Alexander V.
Published: January 2024

Problem statement . During the COVID-19 pandemic, basic medical education, traditionally strictly full-time, has been remote for a full academic year. This required significant changes in the structure of approaches to learning, which led to certain features in its quality and personal perception by the subjects of the educational process. The purpose of the study is to develop an approach to improving distance medical education based on data on the satisfaction of the subjects of the educational process. Methodology. Data from the Medical University Semey (MUS) and the Shakarim University Semey (USh) was analysed. The respondents were 450 students of the 4-6th courses of the MUS and 385 students of the 4-5th courses of the USh. A survey was carried out on 98 members of the teaching staff (TS) of the MUS and 105 members of the USh who participated in distance learning programs for the 2020-2021 academic year. Results. MUS students noted the insufficient activity of the teaching staff, the shortcomings of the existing methodological support, and problems of communication on the part of the student prevailed. In USh, the key problems were the lack of communications and equipment, insufficient activity and readiness of the teaching staff. In the opinion of the teachers of both universities, there was insufficient activity of students. The dishonesty of students was also noted. More significant in the medical school was the lack of training of teachers for the implementation of distance learning. Conclusion. Satisfaction of students and teachers with distance learning during COVID-19 remained high, but had problems related to both material and human resources.
Conflict of Military Governor A.N. Muravyov with Nizhny Novgorod Nobility during the Peasant Reform
Authors: Seliverstova Natalya M.
Published: January 2024

The author analyzes complex relationships between military governor of the Nizhny Novgorod province A.N. Muravyov and the local nobility during the preparation and implementation of the peasant reform of 1861, as well as the trace that they left in historical memory twenty years later. There are considered the personalized mechanism of interaction between the government and society at the micro-social level, the method of resolving conflicts, including through appeals to higher authorities. The subjective and objective reasons for the enmity are revealed, including the experience of confrontation between the main protagonists during the Decembrist uprising, the consistent expansion of the circle of participants in the conflict, due to the inclusion of the governor’s supporters among the nobility after his resignation. The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of social behavior of officials and noblemen through the analysis of correspondence between government officials and local nobility. The author found that the bureaucracy was always guided by the viewpoint of the monarch, and members of the nobility were much more independent in words and actions. This type of behavior was consistent with the privileged role of the upper class in the Russian Empire, especially in the pre-reform period. The conflict between the military governor and the local nobility was reflected in the controversial memories of A.N. Muravyov and his contribution to the abolition of serfdom in the Nizhny Novgorod province. The officials remembered A.N. Muravyov as an exponent of the will of the Tsar Liberator.
Socialization of School Youth of the Southern Urals in the 1950s - Early 1960s
Authors: Almaev Rustam Z.
Published: January 2024

The author considers the influence of the main social institutions of the state and society on the socialization of school youth in the post-war decades. The use of archival materials and sources of private origin allows highlighting the behavior and leisure activities of adolescents aged 14-18 years. Based on the materials of the RSFSR, there is analyzed the contradictory impact of social reality on the moral and ethical standards of Soviet schoolchildren’s behavior declared by the Soviet state. At the same time, the focus is on urban school youth of the Southern Urals - the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Kurgan, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk regions during the Khrushchev Thaw. In addition to the high moral stability of the younger generation, which was required in the conditions of the ideological confrontation between the two systems, Soviet schoolchildren were seen as a powerful labor resource for restoring the economy and building the communist future. The author identifies numerous difficulties that hindered the formation of the “new man” of communist society. There are revealed the main activities of schools and out-of-school institutions for the education of Soviet youth. Special attention is paid to the study of social problems and offences among young people. The main reasons for the shift in moral and ethical standards of adolescents’ behavior are determined. It is concluded that in the conditions of contradictions of the state, society and school, a significant role in the socialization of youth was played by education in a team. The main institutions of the state and society formed in schoolchildren such moral qualities as honor, dignity, friendship, and mutual assistance.
Combat Training of Personnel of the Moscow Military District units in 1934-1940
Authors: Sitdikov Adel M.
Published: January 2024

The author analyzes the indicators reflecting the level of combat training of the units of the Moscow Military District in 1934-1940. There is considered the organization of the training process of units as one of the main components of effective military training. The data collection on the level of training of the Red Army personnel and headquarters commanders in the framework of tactical and marksmanship training is studied. The source base of the work was the office documents stored in the Russian State Military Archive. It is concluded that in the course of implementing the process of combat training of the Moscow Military District units, some progress was made. In particular, individual training of soldiers and small units increased; the results of shooting improved. At the same time, there were constant problems, such as the organization of the training, the shortage of qualified personnel, as well as the level of tactical training.
Monitoring of Neuromuscular block during emergency abdominal surgery
Authors: Dhunputh Neelam , Petrova Marina V. , Moroz Victor V. , Butrov Andrey V. , Magomedov Marat A.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Sixty percent of cases of residual neuromuscular block (rNMB) were recorded globally, yet this issue of rNMB in critically ill patients remains taboo. To predict any leftover NMB, a train-of-four stimulation (TOF) Watch SX was utilized to track the depth of muscle relaxant in emergency patients both during and after surgery, even when they were transported to the intensive care unit. This study aimed to investigate differences in the variability of neuromuscular block between two distinct surgical procedures: laparoscopic cholecystectomy (the control group) and emergency abdominal surgery (the investigation group). Materials and Methods. Using two different muscle relaxants and assessing their depth using accelerometry notably the TOF Watch SX. A total of 140 patients, aged 18-60 years with a BMI of 18-30 kg/m², participated in the study. Group I underwent planned cholecystectomy (control group), while Group II underwent emergency abdominal surgery (investigation group). The muscle relaxants Ridelat-C, generic of atracurium benzilate (Verofarm OOO, Harabovsk, Russia) and Kruaron, generic of rocuronium bromide (Verofarm OOO, Harabovsk, Russia) were administered, with various monitoring methods, including Drager Fabius, ECG, and lab results, Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2021 advanced with graphs and ANOVA. Results and Discussion. The results demonstrated profound skeletal muscle relaxation for planned cholecystectomy, with TOF 0 achieved at 165.9 ± 95 seconds for Kruaron and 183.3 ± 90 seconds for Ridelat-C. In emergency abdominal surgery, it took 207.1 ± 120 seconds with Kruaron and 255.5 ± 109.5 seconds with Ridelat-C at TOF0. Notably, Kruaron exhibited prolonged effects in Group II, leading to residual neuromuscular block in critically ills even 2.5 hours post-surgery. Conclusion . Neuromuscular blocking agents modestly exacerbated neuromuscular dysfunction, potentially contributing to acquired critical illness polyneuropathy/myopathy, severe sepsis/septic shock, and massive blood loss/haemorrhagic shock. In critically ills, a minimal calculated dose of Kruaron is recommended, while Ridelat-C, which metabolized within the blood plasma without involving the kidneys or liver, might be a better choice. Suggamadex was suggested for reversing Kruaron effects due to its rapid effect as compared to proserine.
Mechanisms of Regulation Allergic and Autoimmune Reactions by Bacterial Origin Bioregulators
Authors: Guryanova Svetlana V. , Sigmatulin Ilya A. , Gigani Olga O. , Lipkina Sofia A.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases observed in recent decades highlights the need for therapy and prevention, which requires detailed research into the mechanisms of their occurrence. The onset and progression of allergic and autoimmune diseases are influenced by genetic predisposition, lifestyle, environmental factors, and disruptions in the coordinated operation of the immune system, and as a consequence of immune homeostasis. Treatment of these diseases is primarily symptomatic and often accompanied by undesirable side effects. Immune system disorders in various pathologies have their own characteristics for each type of disease, and at the same time have common mechanisms. Considering the presence of a large number of various microorganisms in the human body, taking their influence into account is of paramount importance. Microorganisms are a source of biologically active molecules, the action of which can either prevent and reduce the severity of the disease or exacerbate it. The aim of this study was to analyze the cytokine profile of the effects of fragments of cell walls of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria - lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and muramyl peptide (MP), as well as nisin - an antimicrobial peptide of bacterial origin on human mononuclear cells. Materials and Methods. Mononuclear cells were obtained from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers using Cell separation media Lympholyte CL 5015, and were cultured in the presence of LPS, GMDP and bacteriocin nisin. The cytokine activity of LPS, GMDP and bacteriocin nisin was examined using the multiplex cytokine analysis; the analysis of surface markers was determined flow cytometry. Results and Discussion. It was shown that bacterial cell wall fragments to a much greater extent than nisin induce the production of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. It was established that LPS and MP increase the expression of CD11c on dendritic cells, while bacteriocin nisin does not affect the increase of CD11c+ DCs. LPS and MP in the conducted ex vivo studies did not affect the emergence of CCR7. Conclusion. Bacterial origin bioregulators trigger a negative feedback mechanism by inducing the synthesis of anti-inflammatory factors, that can prevent the inflammatory process. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the influence of bacterial origin bioregulators on the human body opens new approaches in the prevention and development of personalized therapy strategies.
Development of Executive Functions in Preschoolers with Different Sibling Positions
Authors: Almazova Olga V. , Mostinets Ksenia O.
Published: January 2024

The development of the executive functions in older preschoolers largely determines their subsequent successful adaptation and schooling. The purpose of the research is to identify the developmental features of the executive functions in older preschoolers with different sibling positions. The relevance of the theme is due to the growing number of children with insufficient development of self-regulation. The study involved 393 preschoolers attending senior groups of kindergartens: 153 - single children in the family, 99 - oldest, 21 - middle, 110 - youngest children, 10 - twins). The levels of development of the participants’ executive functions were determined using three subtests of the neuropsychological complex NEPSY II (“Inhibition”, “Sentences Repetition” and “Memory for Design”) as well as the “Dimensional Change Card Sort” technique by F. Zelazo. It was revealed that auditory-speech memory is best developed in the oldest children in the family. The results obtained make it possible to suggest a different structure of connections between different components of executive functions in children with different sibling positions. The level and structure of the developed executive functions in the single and youngest children in the family are more similar to each other than in the oldest and single children or in the oldest and youngest ones.
Teaching Quality as Predictor of Student Engagement, Well-Being and Performance
Authors: Lunkina Maria V. , Gordeeva Tamara O. , Diryugina Elena G. , Pshenichnyuk Diana V.
Published: January 2024

The relevance of the study is due to the need to obtain reliable data on the components of effective teaching that affect important learning outcomes, such as motivation, engagement, academic performance, and well-being of school students. The purpose of the study was to analyze the contribution of three, actively discussed in the literature, psychological and pedagogical indicators of teaching quality, assessed by the school students, to their engagement, psychological well-being and academic performance. The study involved 2028 eighth-grade students (1085 girls, 906 boys and 35 of unspecified gender; mean age - 13.96, SD = 0.46) from 73 schools and 16 regions of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the respondents’ assessments included such indicators of teaching quality as the relevance of the learning content, psychological and instrumental support, as well as school engagement, indifference, academic performance and indicators of their satisfaction (with themselves, their teachers and school). The results of the regression analysis showed that the perceived psychological support from the teacher was the strongest predictor of the growth of all the types of educational engagement of school students and the decrease of all the types of educational indifference; besides, this component of teaching quality was a predictor of well-being in the context of school life (including the respondents’ satisfaction with their school, their teachers and themselves). The teacher’s instrumental support was the next most important predictor of cognitive and emotional engagement of the students and, no less important, was a negative predictor of all the types of learning indifference; it was also a predictor of the students’ satisfaction with their school and relationships with their teachers. Thus, the present study, conducted on a large and representative sample of Russian school students, has shown the positive effects of two components of teaching quality, namely, psychological support and instrumental support provided by the teacher. The effects of actual learning content are less clear, which casts doubt on the importance of teachers emphasizing the connection between the educational material and real life in order to maintain the motivation of school students. The results obtained can be used for training and retraining school teachers and improving teaching quality in Russian schools.
Vietnam Cult of the Mother Goddess and its Influence on Confucian Ethics in Vietnam
Authors: Nizhnikov Sergei A. , Martseva Anna V. , Pham Tien Bac
Published: January 2024

Vietnam is a country with many spiritual beliefs that reflect the values of its inhabitants, being an important component of their traditional culture. A special place is occupied by faith in the Mother Goddess. This kind of beliefs, which is completely unique for Vietnam, has a long history and emphasizes the feminine principle through the image of a woman with the power and ability to create, enrich and develop everything that exists. Faith in the Mother Goddess reflects the values and high human qualities of the Vietnamese, and it has been recognized by UNESCO as an object of representative intangible cultural heritage of humanity. Confucian ethics was adopted in Vietnam, but it was influenced by the Vietnamese belief in the Mother Goddess. The cult of the Mother Goddess also had a great influence on the ideas about the role of women in society. The study analyzes the origins, features and values of this cult and indicates its influence on the Vietnamese Confucian ethics. It is established that the activities of the worship of the Mother Goddess contribute to strengthening the sense of community of the Vietnamese nation. In connection with the development of Confucian ethics within the framework of Vietnamese culture, the attitude towards women has changed to a more humane and open one. In modern times, the cult of mother worship has acquired secular features and can be seen as a sign of gender equality.
Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy - VIII: Metaphysics, Epistemology, Transcendental Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Shiyan Anna A. , Petrov Vasilii B.
Published: January 2024

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Relevance of Interdisciplinary Approach in the Study of Consciousness
Authors: Sokolova Julia V.
Published: January 2024

The research is devoted to justification of the interdisciplinary approach in the study of consciousness. Studying consciousness as a phenomenon is a very divergent project, the mystery of its nature and appearance makes different ways of studying consciousness possible. Besides, consciousness is an umbrella term which may be interpreted differently in different contexts. Various approaches to comprehension of consciousness have been developed nowadays in Philosophy, Psychology, Biology, Medicine, Neurosciences, Sociology, Cognitive and Computer Sciences, Linguistics and a number of other research fields. In the end of the 1980s one can notice an exceptional growth of interest in the problem of consciousness both in Philosophy and Science. The works by Bernard Baars, Daniel Dennett, Roger Penrose, Francis Crick and Christopher Koch, David Chalmers have appeared in these years. They outlined the main approaches to the study of consciousness and demonstrated that study of consciousness became an interdisciplinarity research. The research discusses the features of the phenomenon of consciousness and outlines the main theoretical issues, the most relevant of which are the “hard problem” of consciousness, the problem of mind and body, the problem of “the explanatory gap”, the question of the primacy of the brain in relation to consciousness, the place of consciousness in the modern scientific paradigm, changes of the ethical and worldview interpretation in connection with artificial intelligence, neurochips and neural network. Based on the complexity and multidimensionality of the research field associated with the problem of consciousness, the variety of approaches to studying this problem in Philosophy and Science, the controversial character of the questions raised, and the heated discussion among researches, the author concludes that interdisciplinary studies of consciousness have the greatest heuristic possibilities today.
Primary Sources of History of Russian Philosophy of the XIX-XX Centuries in Russian State Archives: the Current Condition and Prospects of Study
Authors: Chernyaev Anatoly V. , Korsakov Sergey N. , Makarova Anna F.
Published: January 2024

The study contains the review, analysis, assessment of the current state and prospects for further scientific study of the materials of the Russian state archives, including the personal funds of philosophers and philosophical institutions of Russia in the 19th-20th centuries, which are of the greatest relevance to historians of Russian philosophy. In this regard, on the one hand, the study considers the largest research and scientific-publishing historical and philosophical projects, testifying to the already achieved results of the scientific development of vast arrays of archival documents; on the other hand, a number of collections of Russian state archives (federal, regional, municipal, departmental) have been monitored in order to identify archival collections that were little or insufficiently studied from this point of view. The results of the collective research presented in the article can be considered as the beginning of a large systematic work on the analytical mapping of the content of Russian archival collections relevant to the problems of the history of Russian philosophy. The study shows the importance and productivity of conducting parallel research work both with the personal funds of Russian philosophers of the 19th-20th centuries, and with funds containing documentation of philosophical institutions (magazine editorial offices, faculties, departments, research institutes, publishing houses of philosophical literature, professional and thematic associations of philosophers). In this regard, the question was raised about the need to develop historical and philosophical archiving and source studies in Russia, to include this set of subjects into the system of training historians of philosophy, and also about the need to coordinate the joint efforts of historians of Russian philosophy towards the formation of an archive of Russian philosophy as a significant and publicly available mapped resource. The results obtained in the course of the study should contribute to the emergence of the history of Russian philosophy as a dynamically developing branch of Russian science to a qualitatively new source study and methodological level, necessary for solving the large-scale research tasks, related, in particular, to the scientific preparation of academic collections of works by Russian philosophers and the development of modern fundamental history of Russian philosophy.
Tools for studying the digital development rates of economic systems at country and region level
Authors: Baranova Nina M. , Larin Sergey N. , Basharina Olga Yu.
Published: January 2024

National economy digitalization is a powerful economic growth engine and one of the key areas for developing and maintaining the competitiveness of the state. Digital economy potential lies in accelerating the pace of economic development of enterprises, industries, regions and countries, and in improving in living standards. Under the conditions of digitalization, a tool for assessing the pace of economic system development at the country, region, industry and enterprise level becomes a source of competitive advantages. Therefore, the relevance of the study is evident. The purpose of the study is to develop tools for studying digital development rates at country and region level. The database of the study was represented by the proceeding of well-known foreign and Russian scientists and statistical data on the main indices of the US and Chinese stock markets. The methodological base was represented by the ISPI (Information System Portfolio Investor) digital model. The effectiveness of the obtained results was verified using the PRM (Profitability-Risk model) tool. The result of the study was an analysis of digital development rates at the country level by the case of the United States and China. The analysis was based on the calculation of the main parameters of the portfolio theory: expected return, risk level, return-to-risk ratio. Scatterplots were constructed for the main US and Chinese stock market indices based on the fitted data. They show the mutual distribution of groups of main indices and allow to determine the most promising areas for investment, including digital development. The findings confirm the possibility of using the proposed tools to determine the most attractive sectors for investment in the world stock markets and countries, and/or countries and regions that need investment for their development, including digital one. The introduction of the proposed tools into practice at the enterprise, industry, region and country level will contribute to the further development of the digitalization in all aspects of society at the enterprise, industry, region and country level.
Luxury tax perspectives: The evidence of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Karaleu Yury Yu. , Tishkovskaya Polina I.
Published: January 2024

The study is dedicated to the reasons for luxury tax implementation into the national taxation system. The purpose of the research is to study the emergence and experience of applying the luxury tax in various countries in order to determine the feasibility of introducing such a tax in the Republic of Belarus. Authors’ conclusions and findings have been presented against the background of the analysis of digitized texts on tax and bibliometric and scientometric analysis of the scientific field of taxation. As a testing ground for making our conclusions in terms of lessons learned from past historical experience and real economic background, the Republic of Belarus was chosen. Possible reasons for the introduction of such a tax were considered, as well as an analysis of the market for luxury goods in the Republic of Belarus and the demand for them was conducted. We have drawn some parallels between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation to reach a reasonable conclusion. For this purpose, the Russian luxury goods market (premium car and real estate markets) was analyzed based on available statistics for the years 2020-2022. As the most politically controversial tax that can be not as efficient as income taxes and have unintended consequences, luxury tax was examined from the point of international experience and historical perspective. Examples of luxury goods throughout history and in real life together with historical references to the implementation of this tax were presented. The effectiveness of luxury tax and its impact that depends on a variety of factors (tax rate, types of goods and services being taxed, economic conditions, etc.) together with the modern concept of luxury tax with national specific was evaluated. Considering the situation in the Republic of Belarus, although during recent years there has been a budget deficit and there is a necessity to find new sources of state income, we didn’t find any reasons for the implementation of such a tax into the national taxation system. These types of taxes are mainly imposed in highly developed countries where people can afford “luxurious” goods and the variety of these goods is higher. In the case of the Republic of Belarus, there is a trend of decreasing the number of people whose purchasing power would allow them to buy luxury goods and the real disposable income of Belarusians has also declined, making it less likely that Belarusians will spend money on the consumption of luxury goods.
Melchor de Salazar: itinerario y movilidad social en las gobernaciones de Popayán y el Chocó, 1548-1623
Authors: Montoya Guzmán Juan David
Published: January 2024

Este artículo analiza el itinerario de Melchor de Salazar, un conquistador español que arribó al Nuevo Reino de Granada en 1563 y escaló de forma acelerada todos los peldaños de la sociedad colonial. Mientras trabajaba como escribano de la ciudad de Cartago, ejerció otros oficios, posición que le permitió adquirir bienes y propiedades en el norte de la provincia de Popayán. Posteriormente, obtuvo una pequeña encomienda y, en el apogeo de su carrera, logró en 1594 ser nombrado gobernador del Chocó. El análisis de su administración permite comprender la acción de su gobierno y la manera como se ajustó a los desafíos que la Corona de Castilla enfrentaba en las tierras del Pacífico. Así mismo, el seguimiento de su trayectoria individual es una oportunidad para entender la movilidad social y espacial de los españoles en una zona fronteriza de la monarquía hispánica.
Morar e governar na vila de índios de Viana: Diretório Pombalino na Amazônia (1757-1798)
Authors: Sales Dornelles Soraia
Published: January 2024

A vila de Viana, anteriormente chamada de aldeia de Maracú, foi fundada em 1757 no contexto de mudanças administrativas da coroa portuguesa para a região amazônica no século XVIII, política conhecida como Diretório Pombalino. A vila estava localizada no interior da Capitania do Maranhão, parte do Estado do Grão-Pará e Maranhão. A partir da transcrição e análise do Livro de Notas n. 2 (1776-1791), disponível no Arquivo do Tribunal da Justiça do Maranhão (ATJMA), propomos uma discussão sobre a maneira que os habitantes da vila de Viana atuaram diante da política do Diretório, com atenção a dois aspectos. Em primeiro lugar, a identificação de indígenas nos cargos de governança e, em segundo lugar, as transações de compra e venda de casas envolvendo indígenas.
“Papirosniki” and “Russia Homeless” of Esenin in the Context of Combating Homelessness in Soviet Russia of the 1920s
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Savchenko Tatiana K.
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of combating homelessness in Soviet Russia of the 1920s and its coverage in the work of S.A. Esenin (poems “Papirosniki” and “Russia Homeless”). Child homelessness as a consequence of wars, revolutions, mass famine, epidemics, devastation, then repression and collectivization reached a threatening size in the first half of the 1920s and became one of the most difficult problems that arose before the Soviet state. The article examines causes, scope and nature of child homelessness. The social and socio-political situation in Moscow and all-Russia is being reconstructed in the context of which Esenin worked on his works. It is shown that the problem is solved by the author from a moral point of view. The article presents the unrealized artistic plans of the poet to create works — both in poetry and in prose — devoted to the problem of homelessness. The conclusion shows that in the post-perestroika era in modern Russia, a situation much similar to the 1920s developed. Currently, child homelessness as a dangerous social phenomenon, although not on the same scale as in the 1990s, remains a Russian reality.
Meetings of N.F. Melniková-Papoušková with Soviet Writers
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of Russian Academy of Sciences, Amelina Anna V.
Published: January 2024

The article presents a translation into Russian of the memoirs of N.F. Melniková-Papoušková about Russian writers, namely Vs. Ivanov, E. Zamyatin, B. Pilnyak and L. Leonov, with a short preamble. The author of memoirs — a Russian philologist, folklorist — is a prominent figure of the Prague emigration of the first post-revolutionary wave, who made a significant contribution to the development of Russian-Czech literary relations. She published a lot of works (monographs, articles, reviews) in Prague and other European cities about Russian literature, both in Russian for emigrant publications, and in Czech for the Czech audience. Also Melniková-Papoušková introduced Czech literature to the Russian-speaking public. The memoirs about mentioned authors, written as a result of trips to the USSR, were published in the 1920s in Czech in the Prague liberal-democratic literary magazine “Rozpravy Aventina”, where Melniková-Papoušková was a regular author.
The Reader’s Response to N.N. Aseev’s Poem “Mayakovsky Begins”The Reader’s Response to N.N. Aseev’s Poem “Mayakovsky Begins”
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pogorelskaia Elena I.
Published: January 2024

In the second half of the 1930s N.N. Aseev worked on the poem “Mayakovsky begins.” A letter from a reader from Simferopol — N.M. Kovaneva (dated September 6, 1950) — was written after the appearance of new chapters of the poem in the magazine “Okt’abr’.” This letter is a response to Aseev’s poem and it is published for the first time. This very sincere and deeply emotional letter is of considerable interest, because it raises questions that worried readers and fans of V.V. Mayakovsky for years, the origins of love for his lyrics are revealed, it is told from which writings the acquaintance with the poet’s work began. However, this document is typical for its time, there is not any critical attitude to what was happening in the country; the author of the letter knows nothing about the quarrel between Mayakovsky and M. Gorky, about the fate of the writers who were shot by that time. The letter quotes both Aseev’s poem and Mayakovsky’s texts, contains reflections on negative critical reviews in the 1920s of the poet’s works and the role of Lily Brick in his life.
V.T. Shalamov and A.K. Voronsky
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Malygina Nina M.
Published: January 2024

The article examines the publications of V.T. Shalamov about the magazine “Krasnaya Nov,” A.K. Voronsky and the literature of the 1920s. The author identifies the source of the fragments of the original text of Shalamov’s essay about the magazine “Krasnaya Nov” abridged in the journal publication. The article establishes a number of valuable observations of Shalamov about Voronsky’s personality and activities, as well as a number of his erroneous judgments about Voronsky’s literary and critical articles in the writer’s essay “A.K. Voronsky.” It turns out Shalamov’s opinion about the book “Beyond the Living and Dead Water” and the motives of interest in it. The author of the article reveals reasons for Shalamov’s appeal to Voronsky’s work, to the work of the commission on Voronsky’s literary heritage. Also she examines the history of relations and correspondence between Shalamov and Voronsky’s daughter Galina Alexandrovna and her husband I.S. Isaev. For the first time on the material of G.A. Voronskaya’s literary heritage, her tragic camp fate is considered. The article uses archival materials from the V.T. Shalamov Foundation in Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts, as well as unpublished materials from the archive of G.A. Voronskaya.
“We, Shakirds, in our Fatherland, are Cheaper than Stone, Wood.” (the Image of Madrasa’s Student in Tatar Literature at the Turn of the 19th–20th Centuries)
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sibgatullina Alfina T.
Published: January 2024

Tatar literature of the second half of the 19th — early 20th century widely covered the problem of children and youth education. As the only form of education available for Muslims in the Russian Empire, religious primary schools and madrasas had a powerful influence on the formation of students` characters. These students were called shakirds. In the works of G. Iskhaki, F. Amirkhan, Z. Hadi, F. Karimi, G. Tukay K. Tinchurin, A. Eniki there are shakirds who were the main characters; the conditions of their life and typical situations from life in the madrasah enjoyed the prominent place. The boarding system of education, remoteness of children from their families, coexistence of shakirds of different ages were the main difficulties children had faced during their stay in a madrasa. Training sometimes lasted up to twenty years, and after graduating from a madrasa, a shakird who studied only religious subjects and the Arabic language came out unadapted to real life. Except for a place of a mulla or a mudarris in a madrasa on the outskirts of the empire, he had no other option for arranging his life. Therefore, many Tatar writers criticized the dismal state of Muslim educational institutions of that time and demanded reforms both in curricula and in the organization of the educational process. However, innovations in the confessional educational institution came slowly and painfully. Supporters of the madrasa reform — “Jadidists”, faced incredible opposition from the “Kadimists”, who defended the centuries-old traditions of education that had become obsolete at that time. The first group spoke about the importance of studying secular disciplines, native and Russian languages, and introducing a class system; the latter were afraid of russification and the strengthening of moral vices in society.
Cultural Hero of Modern Times in Yu. Rytkheu's Story “The Arctic Circle”
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhuleva Albina S.
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the problems of formation and origins of the newly written Chukchi literature. The mythological basis of the heroes in the works of Yuri Rytkheu about the life and fate of the Eskimo people is considered. The prose writer’s desire is shown to reflect an objective picture of the world not only through real events, but also to the psychology of the characters who find themselves between two socio-historical formations. The features of the influence of Russian and foreign literature on the work of Yuri Rytkheu are revealed.
“Am I — a Pain, Hesitation, Fear of all Alien?” (Self-identification Ways of the Lyrical Subject in R. Buharaev’s Sonnets Cycle)
Authors:   А.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Amineva Venera R. ,   Kazan Federal University
Published: January 2024

The poems of R. Buharaev (1951–2012), who wrote in the Russian, Tatar, English, Hungarian languages and at the same time involved in the Tatar literature and culture, have a specific artistic and aesthetic nature which requires scientifically based and adequate assessment. For the first time an attempt is made to analyze the features of fixed form of sonnet sequence in the poet’s works based on the material of four poetic cycles similar in range of problems, worldview of the lyrical hero and ways of artistic completion. It is stated that in R. Buharaev’s lyrics a sonnet cycle is no more a static form, the genre semantics of which is formed only by its compositional structure. An artistic value of this genre and stanzaic system is not in its “chaining” sequence construction connecting the end and the beginning of the whole cyclic context in general, but also in concentric principle of the main theme development, reflecting the interaction of “afferent” and “efferent” types of artistic thinking. It is concluded that subjective architectonics of Buharaev’s sonnet cycle reconstitutes various types of “border-line” identity. It is defined by the lyrical hero and supersubject’s attitude of a special type: vital and creative element of “Fatherland speech” (“Zhuk i Zhaba”), the Tatar speech (“Milostynja rodnogo jazyka”), Motherland and Venice (“Zov”); personified images of a foreign culture (“Venok dikorastushhih sonetov”). The “I” dialogue with this above outlook performs a structure-directing function, revealing self-consciousness and self-identification of the lyrical subject.
Udmurt Poetry of the 20th Century: Between Tradition and Modernism
Authors:   А.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Panteleeva Vera G.
Published: January 2024

The article examines the discourse of the Udmurt poetry of the 20th century in order to identify the change in ideological and aesthetic, worldview and genre and style paradigms in the context of the observed dynamics of artistic consciousness. The search, formation, development and transformation of national artistic identity is analyzed through the prism of the work of individual poets of the 1920s — 2020s. (K. Gerd, F. Vasiliev, M. Fedotov, E. Batuev, S. Matveev and others), representatively reflecting their dialogue with the ethno-cultural tradition and the desire to overcome established patterns and normative poetics on the way of moving towards mastering a different creative experience: individual and contextual-typological. From the point of view of literary genesis, the poetry of K. Gerd is the forerunner of all subsequent artistic practices in the Udmurt language, including F. Vasiliev (a landmark figure in Udmurt literature of the middle of the last century), and the latest search for figurative selfexpression of ethnic and personal identity. None of the generation of the first Udmurt writers so passionately and definitely wanted to create integration and continuity between the past, present and future as Gerd. In this context, the poetry of modern Udmurt poets of the frontier period, characterized by new stylistics, deconstruction of figurative solutions and behavioral stereotypes, but united by a tendency to express the crisis of worldoutlook of their generation, is a throw into the future with a return of the experience of the past, an attempt to unravel the “question mark” not only of time, but also traditional ethno-cultural code.
Poetry Collection “Cypress Country” by Tiran Chrakyan (Intra)
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zulumyan Buraistan S.
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the cycle of sonnets “Cypress Country” (1908) by Tiran Chrakyan (pseudonym Intra, 1875–1921), one of the outstanding representatives of the brilliant galaxy of Western Armenian poets of the early 20th century, the author of the famous lyric-mystical prose poem “The Inner World”. The aesthetics of the symbolist worldview underlies the poetics of the cycle, it consists of forty poems, internally united in the development of the lyrical plot. In the center is the image of cypresses, the symbolism of which allows the author to connect the earthly and the higher world, where their peaks are directed, to talk about the vices and shortcomings of civilization, the beauty of the world and nature, about the loneliness of the individual and the search for perfection.
Continuação de um sonho: caminhos entre o presente e o futuro do adolescente no trabalho protegido
Authors: Alves Baptista Tatiane , Sabino de Paula Fabiane , Ferreira Gonzalez Villar Gabriel , Gonçalves Gomes Larissa
Published: January 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a problemática inserida no discurso coaching alinhada à lógica neoliberal, o impacto deste pensamento na trajetória dos jovens em formação pelo Programa de Trabalho Protegido na Adolescência (PTPA) e de que modo esse discurso remodela os aspectos da subjetividade do sujeito em desenvolvimento. Para tanto contou-se com material de fonte primária obtido em atividade de pesquisa-ação denominada “Oficina dos Sonhos”, que contou com presença e participação direta dos adolescentes do PTPA que tiveram a tarefa de pensar no local onde residem, como vivem e a perspectiva da transformação de modo lúdico e participativo. Assim, a oficina foi realizada pelo Observatório de Políticas Públicas para Adolescência, projeto de extensão da UERJ, e tornou-se relevante para compreender como a visão social e cultural do adolescente em diferentes contextos pode moldar a realidade dos sujeitos. Este estudo propõe, portanto, analisar a realidade do adolescente inserido na contradição do Estado capitalista, compreender limites, desafios e possibilidades de acesso ao primeiro emprego com condições dignas e tendo seus direitos garantidos, bem como a garantia à construção e continuação de projetos de vida.
As reformas educacionais atuais e suas contradições com a concepção de formação de professor do IQ-UFBA
Authors: Adams Fernanda Welter , Moradillo Edilson Fortuna de
Published: January 2024

Os cursos de licenciatura em Química no Brasil são criados a partir da década de 1930 com base no modelo 3 + 1 de formação, que pouco contribui com a formação crítica dos professores. Nesse modelo, o licenciando vivencia a formação em componentes curriculares de química por três anos e por mais um ano em componentes curriculares de cunho pedagógico, geralmente sem levar em consideração os aspectos históricos e filosóficos do ser social, da ciência e da educação, proporcionando assim uma formação de professores de matriz tecnicista. O curso de licenciatura em Química da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) desde 2007 rompeu com essa concepção de formação e, a partir da Dimensão Prática curricular, colocou os licenciandos em contato com uma perspectiva crítica de cunho histórico-social. À vista disso, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o currículo baseado na Dimensão Prática do curso de licenciatura em Química da Universidade Federal da Bahia, apontando indícios de como as reformas educacionais atuais, principalmente a BNCC e a BNFP, podem influenciar de forma negativa o curso de formação inicial. Este trabalho se vincula a uma pesquisa de doutorado em andamento. Concluímos que a vivência nos componentes curriculares da Dimensão Prática tem influência sobre a concepção de ser social, ciência e educação dos licenciandos, proporcionando uma formação numa perspectiva crítica, de cunho histórico-social, com base no materialismo histórico e dialético, que tende a romper com o formato 3 + 1 de formação de professores, sendo preciso apontar a necessidade de resistência frente a proposta da BNCC e da BNFP, que busca promover retrocessos tanto para a Educação Básica quanto para a formação inicial de professores.