bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A vanillin derivative P/N/S‐containing high‐efficiency flame retardant for epoxy resin
Authors: Li Xiaohan , Zhang Ke , Huang Jiateng , Zhou Ziyao , Xie Kaili , Li Xiaojie , Wei Wei
Published: September 2022

In order to improve the flame‐retardant properties of epoxy resin (EP) without sacrificing the mechanical properties, a high‐efficient P/N/S‐containing reactive flame retardant (VTZD) was synthesized by a facile one‐pot method from vanillin, 2‐aminobenzothiazole and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), and used in epoxy‐amine thermosets. When 5 wt% of VTZD was added with merely 0.31 wt% of phosphorus, the LOI value of cured resins increased to 32.7%, and the thermosets achieved a UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Furthermore, the peak heat release rate and the total heat release of the VTZD‐modified EP decreased by up to 34.66% and 32.49%, respectively, in comparison to those of the original EP. Subsequently, the residual char morphology and structure of epoxy thermosets were investigated, as well as the pyrolysis behavior of VTZD. The flame‐retardant mechanism was discussed in detail, and it confirmed that VTZD exhibited a bi‐phase flame retardant effect. In addition, the mechanical properties of the cured products were well maintained and even improved. All the results demonstrated that the VTZD was a bio‐based high‐efficiency flame retardant for EP with a broad prospect in practical applications.
Small‐Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Detecting HDAC Activity
Authors: Tan Shuyu , Li Xin
Published: September 2022

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play critical roles in epigenetic modification. These enzymes can remove acetyl groups from the N‐terminal lysine residues of histones, thereby regulating gene expression. Because of their great relevance to various diseases, numerous HDAC inhibitors have been developed. In this context, assays for HDAC activity are prerequisite. Due to the advantages of small‐molecule fluorescent probes, researchers have developed many probes to detect HDAC activity for developing HDAC inhibitors. Based on the mechanism of action, two main types of small‐molecule fluorescent probes are known. One type is based on binding affinity that are generally HDAC inhibitor‐fluorophore conjugates. The other one is enzyme‐activated probes, which act as HDAC substrates and show fluorogenic or ratiometric response after being deacetylated by HDACs.
Interplay between benefit appeal and valence framing in reducing smoking behavior: Evidence from a field experience
Authors: Nobel Nurit
Published: September 2022

Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death globally, yet it remains a common behavior. Interventions that increase the concreteness of future smoking outcomes have been suggested to be effective, but little research has examined what type of future outcomes should be highlighted, and in what way. The present study therefore explores the efficacy of two types of framings of smoking cessation consequences: Benefit appeal (time vs. money) and valence (gain vs. loss). A randomized controlled field experiment with 2935 participants conducted via a digital therapeutics app found an interplay between appeal type and valence such that messages focusing on money were most likely to lead to immediate reduced smoking behavior when framed as a gain, rather than loss. Effects on motivation or long‐term smoking cessation were not detected. The results shed light on psychological differences between money and time, between attitudes and behaviors, and between short‐term and long‐term behavior change. This study highlights the importance of considering both benefit appeal and valence framing when designing smoking cessation messages.
Animal evidence considered in determination of cannabis smoke and Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) as causing reproductive toxicity (developmental endpoint); Part II. Neurodevelopmental effects
Authors: Iyer Poorni , Niknam Yassaman , Campbell Marlissa , Moran Francisco , Kaufman Farla , Kim Allegra , Sandy Martha , Zeise Lauren
Published: September 2022

This review focuses on neurodevelopmental effects observed in animal studies of cannabis smoke and Δ9‐THC. Effects in offspring after preconceptional, prenatal, or perinatal exposure to cannabis smoke or Δ9‐THC were considered. Locomotor and exploratory behavior effects were noted in rats. Cognitive effects observed included impairment of memory and learning, attention deficits, time taken to complete tasks (rats) and alterations in response to visual stimuli (rats/monkeys). Emotionality was observed in rodents as an increase in separation‐induced ultrasonic vocalizations, reduced social interaction and play behavior, and increased generalized anxiety. Increased rate of acquisition of morphine self‐administration and/or enhanced sensitivity towards the rewarding effects of morphine or heroin were observed in adult rats prenatally exposed to Δ9‐THC. Expression of cannabinoid receptors was examined in rodent studies along with behavioral parameters. Altered mRNA levels of genes relevant to synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens (the brain region associated with compulsivity, addiction vulnerability, and reward sensitivity) were noted. Findings in zebrafish supported effects in mammalian models. Neurochemical effects on specific brain regions and neurotransmitter systems seen in these animal studies appear to impact cognitive function, motor activity, and drug sensitivity. Mechanistic studies provided evidence for the biological plausibility of effects observed. Observations from animal studies of changes in motor behavior, cognitive performance, emotionality and susceptibility to drug sensitivity later in life were among the findings from animal and human studies considered by California's Developmental and Reproductive Toxicant Identification Committee, in concluding that cannabis smoke and Δ9‐THC are developmental toxicants.
Humin‐promoted microbial electrosynthesis of acetate from CO2 by Moorella thermoacetica
Authors: Ha Biec N. , Pham Duyen M. , Masuda Daiki , Kasai Takuya , Katayama Arata
Published: September 2022

Humin, an insoluble fraction of humic substances at any pH, has been reported to be an extracellular electron mediator (EEM) that functions in carbon dioxide (CO2)‐fixing acetogenesis. Here, we show that humin promotes the microbial electrosynthesis (MES) of acetate from CO2 using Moorella thermoacetica. Yeast extract, essential for the reaction of M. thermoacetica, resulted in the heterotrophic production of organic acids including acetate, hydrogen, and methane. Excluding the effect of yeast extract, MES with 13 g/L of suspended humin poised at −510 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) achieved a CO2‐fixing acetate production of 24.2 mg‐acetate/L/day (1.9 mg‐acetate/day/g‐humin); this is 10‐folds higher than the humin‐free MES, with 90.3% of the coulombic efficiency. Although M. thermoacetica is an electroactive bacterium, it obtains electrons for acetogenesis mostly via humin. The suspended humin‐assisted MES poised at −810 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) increased the acetate production rate to 39.3 mg‐acetate/L/day using electrons mainly from electrolyzed hydrogen and humin. Immobilization increased the humin's EEM efficiency, as indicated by the acetate production rate of 20.8 mg‐acetate/L/day (6.9 mg‐acetate/day/g‐humin) with a 98.7% coulombic efficiency in MES with 3 g/L of immobilized humin poised at −510 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl). These results suggest that humin‐assisted MES has high potential for microbial CO2 fixation.
Prediction of delay discounting in intertemporal decisions by future thinking: Accounting for fluency, contents, and functions of future thoughts
Authors: Eivazi Fatemeh , Hatami Javad , Moradi Alireza , Nazem‐Zadeh Mohammad‐Reza
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To study the variations of delay discounting rates as a function of fluency, contents, and functions of future thoughts in healthy subjects.

Background

Delay discounting (DD) is a concept that can measure a frequent tendency toward smaller, yet immediate rewards, while a delayed reward is greater in value. DD describes people's choices in intertemporal decisions and is associated with self‐control. Future thinking (FT) and having a vivid imagination of the future can reduce individuals’ DD rates. However, constructing a specific episodic future representation was merely studied in relation to DD. Although fluency and contents of future thoughts have been reported related to various disorders and behaviors, their association with DD has not been previously addressed.

Methods

The present study applies a verbal fluency task named the personal future task (PFT), the functions of future thinking scale (FoFTS), and the 27‐item delay discounting questionnaire (DDQ) in order to assess fluency, contents, and functions of future thoughts, and delay discounting in healthy subjects (N = 114, Female = 64%, Male = 36%, Mage = 34.22, SDage = 7.15).

Results

Findings indicate that fluency of future thoughts is associated with DD. Among the contents of FT categories, financial contents (future thoughts about money and real estate matters), and regarding functions of FT, engaging in FT for planning are related to DD. Due to the final model, the above‐mentioned correlated variables can be considered as significant predictors of intertemporal choices when controlling for education and gender (R2 = 0.4, Adjusted R2 = 0.33, F = 5.186, p‐value = 0.001).

Conclusion

The frequency of future thoughts one can generate, specifically future thoughts about financial contents, is associated with less short‐sighted intertemporal decisions. The former relationship is enhanced for longer delays (e.g., 5–10 years). Besides, individuals who frequently engage in FT for planning (planning out sequences of actions) discount future rewards to a lesser extent.
Department of Education plans to amend Section 504 regulations
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: September 2022

The U.S. Department of Education intends to “strengthen and protect rights for students with disabilities by amending regulations implementing Section 504” of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. 794 (see bit.ly/3arTEYq).
‘Nothing happened’: Legal implications of false denials among abused children
Authors: Bücken Charlotte A. , Otgaar Henry , London Kamala , Riesthuis Paul , Battista Fabiana , Mangiulli Ivan
Published: September 2022

People lie on a frequent basis. However, when a victim of maltreatment lies by denying the abuse, lies can become forensically relevant. We have reviewed the relevant literature on the prevalence and memory consequences of such false denials. The way forensic interviewers proceed in the face of denying children will be shaped by their beliefs about the frequency with which truly abused children deny abuse. We discuss that estimates of the prevalence of false denials among abused children vary but that such false denials do happen. When falsely denying children eventually come forward with their experiences, a second issue lingers: how valid are maltreated children's statements after a false denial? We review the literature indicating that false denials can negatively affect memory for the investigative interview during which the lie was told. Yet, memory for the denied experience itself seems to be mostly preserved, and some research even found potential protective effects of false denials. We conclude that denials should always be handled with care in the court room, since the ground truth usually is not known, but that statements should not be dismissed based solely on previous denials.
Advanced oxidation protein products mediate human keratinocytes apoptosis by inducing cell autophagy through the mTOR–Beclin‐1 pathway
Authors: Ding Ruoting , Liu Zhongyuan , Tan Jie , Sun Baihui
Published: September 2022

Excessive keratinocyte apoptosis leads to impaired wound healing. Recently, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) have been recognized as a marker of oxidative stress and a potent inducer of apoptosis. Previously, we have demonstrated that extracellular AOPP accumulation induced keratinocyte apoptosis, and we discovered that autophagy was involved. To further elucidate the role and mechanism of autophagy in AOPP‐induced‐apoptosis of keratinocytes, we treated HaCaT cells with increasing concentrations of AOPP‐human serum albumin or with AOPP‐human serum albumin for increasing durations. Cyto‐ID solution staining was used to assess cell autophagy using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Autophagy‐related protein interactions were investigated using western blot analysis. Exposure of HaCaT cells to AOPP decreased the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and increased the expression of autophagy‐related proteins Beclin‐l and LC3, and eventually led to autophagy. Furthermore, an autophagy agonist significantly decreased the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins. Taken together, we showed that accumulation of extracellular AOPP induced autophagy in HaCaT cells via a reactive oxygen species‐dependent, mTOR–Beclin‐1‐mediated pathway, and that excessive autophagy‐mediated apoptosis, which resulted in delayed wound healing.
Recent developments on the contribution of glutenin and puroindoline proteins to improve wheat grain quality
Authors: Rai Anjali , Han Sung S.
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives

Wheat is most staple food crop for making different end products. The major factors determining the wheat flour end‐use are glutenins and puroindolines. It is very important to identify the composition, variation, and functional characteristics of these key factors.

Findings

The glutenin subunits comprise two subgroups—high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS), and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW‐GS). Puroindolines genes depict a wide diversity of both PINA and PINB allelic forms. The prevalence and relative proportions of these types may vary depending on several genetic and environmental factors.

Conclusion

Current review summarizes recently published research on the impact of glutenin genes governing gluten strength and puroindolines genes related to grain softness. It encompasses recent reports on the development of DNA‐based molecular markers utilized to identify novel alleles associated with HMW‐GS, LMW‐GS, and puroindoline genes in diverse wheat genotypes.

Significance and Novelty

Substantial advancements have been made to identify associations between gene expression and grain quality and to develop improved wheat grain quality lines. Nevertheless, a novel marker system such as multiplex polymerase chain reaction and high throughput analysis is needed to screen large numbers of markers at low cost for rapid and precise analysis of germplasm, mapping, and marker‐assisted selection.
Investigation on the Reaction Mechanism of Methane Oxidation over MgAl2O4‐Supported Single‐Atom Catalyst Prepared at High Temperature
Authors: Wan Qiang , Li Hengyu , Liu Sixu , Zhang Zhun , Xiong Haifeng , Lin Sen
Published: September 2022

Stability and reactivity of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are the points of concern in catalysis, especially under the harsh conditions, such as at elevated temperatures in oxidizing conditions. Previous work showed that thermally stable Pt1 SAC supported on K‐modified MgAl2O4 prepared by a vapor‐phase self‐assembly mechanism (Pt1/K/MgAl2O4) showed better performance than a Pt/MgAl2O4 nanocatalyst in catalytic CH4 oxidation (Chem, 2022, 8, 731–748). However, the detailed reaction mechanism remains unclear, which preventing the further development of single‐atom catalysts for CH4 oxidation. Herein, the sintering resistance behaviour of the Pt1/K/MgAl2O4 catalyst, was investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and it was found that the catalytic CH4 oxidation takes place via the Mars‐van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism, similar to that on conventional oxides. This viewpoint is further verified by experiments. Additionally, other noble metals (Au, Ir and Ru) and alkali elements (Na and Cs) are also investigated and it is found that the alkali types also affect the catalytic performance. This work clarifies the reaction mechanism of CH4 oxidation on metal SAC supported on MgAl2O4 synthesized at high temperature, providing a chance to manipulate the performances of metal SAC in CH4 oxidation.
Catalytic Isopropanol Dehydration as a Model Reaction for Bio‐Oil Conversion into Light Olefins
Authors: Trindade Aline C. M. , Enzweiler Heveline , Salau Nina P. G.
Published: September 2022

Catalytic dehydration of isopropanol was studied as a model reaction for the conversion of bio‐oil into light olefins. γ‐Alumina synthesized in the laboratory and commercial ultrastable Y (USY) zeolite were used as catalysts. The catalytic activity and the effects of temperature, N2 flow, and catalyst loading were investigated. The highest conversions of isopropanol were achieved by employing USY zeolite. The model reaction tests also showed that a higher temperature favors a rise in the conversion of isopropanol. The increase in nitrogen flow allows better desorption of water molecules that possibly inhibit the reaction, thus increasing conversion. A higher catalyst loading also promoted a higher conversion of isopropanol due to the number of acidic sites available.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of reactive absorption of CO2 in a structured packed column
Authors: Venkata Anjani Kiran Sreemusali , Ranganathan Panneerselvam
Published: September 2022

In this study, multiphase Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling is developed to predict the hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and chemical absorption of CO2 using a monoethanolamine (MEA) solution in a structured packed column. First, the hydrodynamic simulation of liquid dispersion in a structured packed bed using a two‐dimensional CFD is performed. The simulation results of the radial distribution of the liquid holdup are compared with the literature experimental data. The model prediction matches the experimental data at the top position of the column, whereas a slight deviation is found at the bottom position of the column. Using a validated CFD model, the reactive mass transfer is modelled to study CO2 capture in a structured packed column with Mellapak 500.X. The model results are compared to the literature experimental results of CO2 mole fractions along the height of the column. It is found that the model results match the experimental findings. Furthermore, CFD modelling is extended to investigate the influence of operating conditions such as gas and liquid velocities on CO2 removal efficiency. The present CFD model demonstrates the porous media approach for reactive absorption of CO2 in a structural packed bed.
Influence of the glycerin content in the preparation of calcium diglyceroxide from eggshell applied in the residual oil transesterification
Authors: de Oliveira Carlos de Jesus , Teleken Joel Gustavo , Alves Helton José
Published: September 2022

Currently, biodiesel is pointed out worldwide as the main alternative in the complementation and substitution of petrochemical diesel. However, the current industrial route of synthesis of this biofuel depends on the cost of raw materials (which are also destined for food purposes) and the expense of the production process. Aiming to remedy this obstacle, the use of solid, sustainable, low‐cost, efficient, and reusable catalysts in residual raw materials, such as waste cooking oils, has been highlighted as a promising alternative. This work focused on studying the influence of the glycerin content used in the preparation by wet impregnation of catalyst calcium diglyceroxide in the efficiency of transesterification of waste cooking oil. The catalyst was synthesized from CaO from chicken eggshell, raw glycerin co‐product from biodiesel, and methanol. The transesterification reactions were performed using 120 g of frying residual oil, methanol: oil molar rate of 6:1, constant shaking, and reaction temperature of 63 ± 1°C for 180 min. The catalyst material synthesized with residual glycerin was active for four reactions (without reactivation of its sites) with high percentages of efficiency of 96.13, 96.85, 95.93, and 91.65, respectively. It was noted that the glycerol purity correlated with changes in the structural morphology of the final compound, as well as changes in the leaching rate, acidity index, water content, and ester content of the blends. It was found that adding 15% water to the lipid material correlated with an increase in ester content (99%) in the synthesized biodiesel.
Polyoxometalate‐Incorporated Host‐Guest Framework Derived Layered Double Hydroxide Composites for High‐Performance Hybrid Supercapacitor†
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Chen Junlei , Razq Fazal , Su Chenyang , Hou Xuehan , Huang Wenhuan , Zhang Huabin
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Metal organic frameworks have been employed as high‐performance layered double hydroxide (LDH) composite supercapacitor electrode materials but have shown unsatisfactory redox ability and stability. Herein, a host‐guest CuMo‐based polyoxometalate‐based metal organic framework (POMOF) with copious electrochemically active sites and strong electrochemical redox activities has been effectively coupled with POM‐incorporated CoNi‐LDH to develop a nanocomposite (NENU‐5@CoNi‐LDH) by a simple solvothermal method. The designed electrode shows a high specific capacity of 333.61 mAh·g–1 at 1 A·g–1. In addition, the novel hybrid symmetric supercapacitor NENU‐5@CoNi‐LDH/active carbon (AC) demonstrated a high energy density of 80.8 Wh·kg–1 at a power density of 750.7 W·kg–1. Interestingly, the nanocomposite of NENU‐5@CoNi‐LDH exhibits an outstanding capacitance retention of 79% after 5000 charge‐discharge cycles at 10 A·g–1. This work provides a new strategy and will be the backbone for future energy storage research.
Efficient multiple change point detection for high‐dimensional generalized linear models
Authors: Wang Xianru , Liu Bin , Zhang Xinsheng , Liu Yufeng ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2022

Change point detection for high‐dimensional data is an important yet challenging problem for many applications. In this article, we consider multiple change point detection in the context of high‐dimensional generalized linear models, allowing the covariate dimension to grow exponentially with the sample size . The model considered is general and flexible in the sense that it covers various specific models as special cases. It can automatically account for the underlying data generation mechanism without specifying any prior knowledge about the number of change points. Based on dynamic programming and binary segmentation techniques, two algorithms are proposed to detect multiple change points, allowing the number of change points to grow with . To further improve the computational efficiency, a more efficient algorithm designed for the case of a single change point is proposed. We present theoretical properties of our proposed algorithms, including estimation consistency for the number and locations of change points as well as consistency and asymptotic distributions for the underlying regression coefficients. Finally, extensive simulation studies and application to the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data further demonstrate the competitive performance of our proposed methods.
Posttransplant cyclophosphamide‐based anti–graft‐vs‐host disease prophylaxis in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated in complete remission with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation from human leukocyte antigen‐mismatched unrelated donors versus haploidentical donors: A study on behalf of the ALWP of the EBMT
Authors: Nagler Arnon , Labopin Myriam , Arat Mutlu , Reményi Péter , Koc Yener , Blaise Didier , Angelucci Emanuele , Vydra Jan , Kulagin Aleksandr , Socié Gerard , Rovira Montserrat , Sica Simona , Aljurf Mahmoud , Gülbas Zafer , Kröger Nicolaus , Brissot Eolia , Peric Zinaida , Giebel Sebastian , Ciceri Fabio , Mohty Mohamad
Published: September 2022

Background

Both mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD) and haploidentical (haplo) transplantation are valid options in patients with high‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) lacking a matched donor.

Methods

The study compared the outcomes of adult patients with ALL in complete remission (CR) who underwent 9/10 MMUD versus haplo transplantation with posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as graft‐vs‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in 2010–2020.

Results

The study included 781 patients (MMUD, 103; haplo, 678). The median age was 40 (19–73) and 38 (18–75) years, respectively (p = .51). The most frequent immunosuppression agents added to PTCy were mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)/cyclosporine A and MMF/tacrolimus. In vivo T‐cell depletion (anti‐thymocyte globulin) was administered to 21% and 8% of the transplants, respectively (p < .0001). Neutrophil (absolute neutrophil count >0.5 × 109/L) recovery was achieved in 97.1% versus 96.7% versus (p = 1) in MMUD and haplo, respectively. Nonrelapse mortality and relapse incidence were not significantly different between MMUD and haplo, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81–2.62; p = .21) and HR = 0.81 (95% CI, 0.52–1.28, p = .38), respectively. HRs for leukemia‐free survival, overall survival, and GVHD‐free, relapse‐free survival were respectively, HR = 1.05 (95% CI, 0.73–1.50, p = .8), HR = 1.17 (95% CI, 0.77–1.76, p = .46), and HR = 1.07 (95% CI, 0.78–1.46, p = .7) for haplo compared to MMUD. Acute (a)GVHD grade 2–4 was significantly higher with haplo, HR = 1.73 (95% CI, 1.08–2.76, p = .023), whereas aGVHD grade 3–4 and chronic GVHD did not differ significantly between the two transplant groups.

Conclusion

Outcomes of MMUD and haplo transplants with PTCy‐based GVHD prophylaxis for ALL patients in CR are similar, apart from a higher incidence of aGVHD with haplo transplants.
Thermosensitive Liposomal Nanoplatform Based on Metal‐Free Phthalocyanine with Copper(II)‐Regulated Photoactivities
Authors: Ma Xin‐Yue , Zhang Wen , Que Rong‐Bin , Wang Chao , Shang Wen‐Wen , Zhu Yuan‐Yuan , Zheng Bi‐Yuan , Chen Yu , Ke Mei‐Rong , Huang Jian‐Dong
Published: September 2022

This work reports the development of a multifunctional thermosensitive liposomal nanoplatform (PcS4@Lip‐FA) based on a metal‐free phthalocyanine modified with tetra‐sulfonates (PcPS4), which exhibited photodynamic and photothermal activities simultaneously. Upon irradiation with a near infrared laser, thermosensitive PcS4@Lip‐FA could release PcS4 as a result of the local hyperthermia of PcS4. Interestingly, PcS4 could easily chelate with Cu2+, leading to the enhancement of photothermal activity and decrease of photodynamic activity. In addition, in vivo fluorescence imaging revealed that PcS4@Lip‐FA could selectively accumulate in tumor tissue of H22 tumor‐bearing mice after tail vein injection, and exhibited a significant anticancer phototherapeutic effect, with a tumor inhibition rate of 83.5 %. Therefore, PcPS4@Lip‐FA has realized fluorescence imaging‐guided combined cancer treatment, providing a promising multifunctional nanoplatform for cancer diagnostics and therapy.
Synthesis and Structural Diversification of Circularly Polarised Luminescence Active, Helically Chiral, “Confused” N,N,O,C‐BODIPYs**
Authors: Clarke Rebecca G. , Weatherston Jake , Taj‐Aldeen Rafid A. , Waddell Paul G. , McFarlane William , Penfold Thomas J. , Bogaerts Jonathan , Herrebout Wouter , Mackenzie Lewis E. , Pal Robert , Hall Michael J.
Published: September 2022

Helically chiral boron‐chelated dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes are known to exhibit solution phase circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), but examples are limited to a few synthetically accessible molecular architectures. We report a B−N chelation, SNAr, Suzuki cross‐coupling, B−O chelation cascade reaction for the synthesis of understudied helically chiral, N,N,O,C‐boron chelated, “confused” BODIPYs, from readily accessible 3,5‐dibromo‐BODIPY starting materials. Using this approach we have prepared a series of helically chiral “confused” BODIPYs with variation of the 3,5‐subsitutents. Following resolution by chiral HPLC, absolute stereochemistry was assigned through comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD spectra, and solution phase chiroptical properties including CPL were determined (|glum| from 2.1 to 3.7×10−3; BCPL from 11.3 to 27.2).
Non‐Metallic Phosphorus Corrole as Efficient Electrocatalyst in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yang Gang , Cen Jing‐He , Lan Jian , Li Meng‐Yuan , Zhan Xuan , Yuan Gao‐Qing , Liu Hai‐Yang
Published: September 2022

The economical consideration of using an electrocatalyst in energy‐related field, composed of non‐precious/sustainable elements is quite noteworthy. In this work, the phosphorus(V) complex of tris‐(pentafluorophenyl)corrole [(TPFC)PV(OH)2] was reported as electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The electrochemical studies revealed that the HER experienced a ECEC pathway (E: electron transfer step, C: chemical step), and the possible intermediate [PV]−H species was suggested. (TPFC)PV(OH)2 displayed excellent HER activity in dimethylformamide (DMF) with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as the proton source, and the turnover frequency (TOF) reached 31.75 s−1 at an overpotential of 900 mV. Interestingly, the HER electrocatalytic performance remained extraordinary even applying water as a proton source in acetonitrile/water (v/v=2 : 3), with a TOF of 18.40 mol
 molcat−1 h−1 at an overpotential of 900 mV.
Seven‐level triple boost self‐balanced switched‐capacitor inverter
Authors: Yarlagadda Anil Kumar , Verma Vimlesh
Published: September 2022

Switched‐capacitor multi‐level inverters (SCMLIs) have become more popular in recent years due to their unique advantage of voltage boosting capability. A seven‐level triple boost SCMLI is proposed in this paper. The proposed topology consists of 10 switches, one diode, three self‐balanced capacitors, and a DC source. The voltage stress on each switch is less than or equal to twice the input DC source voltage. Further, 4 out of 10 switches are switched at the fundamental frequency. The maximum conducting switches at each level is less than or equal to 4. The capacitors are self‐balanced without using any voltage sensors or external circuits. A detailed comparison has been given with the existing seven‐level triple boost SCMLI to show the superiority of the proposed topology. The seven‐level triple boost SCMLI is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK tool. The proposed model is verified at low‐ and high‐frequency switching, sudden changes in output load, and different modulation index values. The results are verified experimentally with the help of a prototype model developed in the laboratory using dSPACE 1104.
The Ecologist's Career Compass: A game to explore career paths
Authors: Itescu Yuval , Bernard‐Verdier Maud , Moesch Simon S. , Mrugała Agata , Mrugała Kinga , Musseau Camille L. , Jeschke Jonathan M.
Published: September 2022

One of the most challenging endeavors for students is choosing a career path that best fits their interests, wills and skills, and setting their professional goals accordingly. Such decisions are often made from within the culture of academia, in which mentors and peers are mainly familiar with the academic job market and lack the knowledge necessary to consult about other types of careers. We aimed to address this gap for ecology and related fields by creating an engaging and effective tool to help students and professionals to familiarize themselves with the diversity of potential career paths available to ecologists. The tool is an applied card game – the Ecologist's Career Compass – which is provided here freely. The game is played as a trump card game and includes 33 cards, each representing a combination of one of four job‐market sectors and one of nine types of positions. Each card indicates the level of seven skill categories required to likely be hired and succeed in the focal position at the focal sector, as well as more specific examples for typical jobs in the focal combination. The information in the game largely relies on input from a global survey we conducted among 315 ecologists from 35 countries. While the challenges faced by early‐career ecologists in developing their professional path are substantial and diverse, this game can assist in gaining a broad comparative overview of the whole ecology job market and the skills required to likely excel in different paths. We hope this applied game will act as a conversation starter about the diversity of aspirations and opportunities in ecology classrooms and labs.
Incidence and impact of atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients: real‐world data in a large community
Authors: Diaz Javier , Martinez Fernando , Calderon Jose Miguel , Fernandez Antonio , Sauri Inmaculada , Uso Ruth , Trillo Jose Luis , Redon Josep , Forner Maria Jose
Published: September 2022

Aims

The objective of the present study is to assess the bidirectional association between heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) using real‐world data.

Methods and results

From an electronic health recording with a population of 3 799 885 adult subjects, those with prevalent or incident HF were selected and followed throughout a study period of 5 years. Prevalence and incidence of AF, and their impact in the risk for acute HF hospitalization, worsening renal function, ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, and all‐cause mortality were identified. We analysed all incident and prevalent patients with HF and AF, 128 086 patients (S1), and subsequently analysed a subset of patients with incident HF and AF, 57 354 patients (S2). We analysed all incident and prevalent patients with HF and AF, 128 086 patients (S1), and subsequently a subset of patients with incident HF and AF, 57 354 patients (S2). The prevalence of AF was 59 906 (46.7%) of the HF patients, while incidence in the S2 was 231/1000 patients/year. In both cohorts, S1 and S2, AF significantly increases the risk of acute heart failure hospitalization [incidence 79.1/1000 and 97.5/1000 patients/year; HR 1.53 (1.48–1.59 95% CI) and HR 1.32 (1.24–1.41 95% CI), respectively], risk of decreased renal function (eGFR reduced by >20%) [66.2/1000 and 94.0/1000 patients/year; HR 1.13 (1.09–1.18 95% CI) and HR 1.22 (1.14–1.31 95% CI), respectively] and all‐cause mortality [203/1000 and 294/1000 patients/year; HR 1.62 (1.58–1.65 95% CI) and HR 1.65 (1.59–1.70 95% CI), respectively]. The number of episodes of hospitalization for acute heart failure was also significantly higher in the AF patients (27 623 vs. 10 036, P < 0.001). However, the risk for ischaemic stroke was reduced in the AF subjects [HR 0.66 (0.63–0.74 95% CI)], probably due to the anticoagulant treatment.

Conclusions

AF is associated with an increment in the risk of episodes of acute heart failure as well as decline of renal function and increment of all‐cause mortality.
Novel Approaches To Design Glycan‐Based Antibacterial Inhibitors
Authors: Behren Sandra , Westerlind Ulrika
Published: September 2022

The interactions between bacterial lectins and carbohydrates on the host cell surface can mediate bacterial adhesion, invasion, and immune evasion. Multivalency plays a key role in these binding events. However, additional molecular mechanisms greatly impact multivalent binding recognition. To develop specific and effective bacterial inhibitors, a deeper understanding of the complex underlying mechanisms of bacterial adhesion processes is necessary. By interfering with bacterial adhesion, synthetic multivalent glycoconjugates do not only have the potential to improve or replace antibiotic treatments, but also represent useful tools to study carbohydrate‐pathogen interactions. In this review, we highlight a few recent advances in the synthesis and application of synthetic glycan‐based scaffolds to uncover the nature of glycan‐bacteria interactions and to design efficient bacterial inhibitors.
An explicit symplectic approach to solving the wave equation in moving media
Authors: Inguva Venkatesh , Feldmann Nadine , Claes Leander , Koturbash Taras , Hahn‐Jose Thomas , Koutcherov Vladimir , Kenig Eugeny Y.
Published: September 2022

An explicit approach using symplectic time integration in conjunction with traditional finite difference spatial derivatives to solve the wave equation in moving media is presented. A simple operator split of this second order wave equation into two coupled first order equations is performed, allowing these split equations to be solved symplectically. Orders of symplectic time integration ranging from first to fourth along with orders of spatial derivatives ranging from second to sixth are explored. The case of cylindrical acoustic spreading in air under a constant velocity in a 2D square structured domain is considered. The variation of the computed time‐of‐flight, frequency, and wave length are studied with varying grid resolution and the deviations from the analytical solutions are determined. It was found that symplectic time integration interferes with finite difference spatial derivatives higher than second order causing unexpected results. This is actually beneficial for unstructured finite volume tools like OpenFOAM where second order spatial operators are the state‐of‐the art. Cylindrical acoustic spreading is simulated on an unstructured 2D triangle mesh showing that symplectic time integration is not limited to the spatial discretization paradigm and overcomes the numerical diffusion arising with the in‐built numerical methods which hinder wave propagation.
Aeolization on the Atlantic coast of Galicia (NW Spain) from the end of the last glacial period to the present day: Chronology, origin and evolution of coastal dunes linked to sea‐level oscillations
Authors: Arce Chamorro Carlos , Vidal Romaní Juan Ramón , Grandal d'Anglade Aurora , Sanjurjo Sánchez Jorge
Published: September 2022

The Atlantic coast of Galicia (NW Spain) is a high‐energy environment where shingle beaches are currently developing. These coarser sediments alternate with sandy deposits which are also considered as beaches typical of a low‐energy environment. The physical association of both types of sediment with contrasted sedimentary significance raises problems of interpretation. The study of four outcrops of fossil aeolianites on this coast has allowed us to reconstruct their evolution from the end of the Upper Pleistocene to the present day. Their chronology, estimated by optically stimulated luminescence between 35 and 14 ky at the end of the last glaciation (MIS2), coincides with a local sea level 120 m below the present one. This implies a coastline shifted several kilometres from its current location and the subaerial exposure of a wide strip of the continental shelf covered by sands. The wind blew sand to form dunes towards the continent, covering the coastal areas, which then emerged with no other limitation than the active river channels. Sea‐level rise during the Holocene transgression has progressively swamped these aeolian deposits, leaving only flooded dunes, relict coastal dunes and climbing dunes on cliffs up to 180 m high. The aeolian process continued as long as there was a sandy source area to erode, although accretion finished when the sea reached its current level (Late Holocene). Since then, the wind turned from accretion to erosion of the dunes and sand beaches. This erosion exposes the older shingle beaches (probably of Eemian age) buried under the aeolian sands, as well as old, submerged forest remains and megalithic monuments. The destruction of sand beaches and dunes currently observed along the Galician coast is linked, according to most researchers, to anthropogenic global warming. However, their management should consider these evolutive issues.
Plant-associate interactions and diversification across trophic levels
Authors: Yoder Jeremy B. , Dang Albert , MacGregor Caitlin , Plaza Mikhail
Published: September 2022

Interactions between species are widely understood to have promoted the diversification of life on Earth, but how interactions spur the formation of new species remains unclear. Interacting species often become locally adapted to each other, but they may also be subject to shared dispersal limitations and environmental conditions. Moreover, theory predicts that different kinds of interactions have different effects on diversification. To better understand how species interactions promote diversification, we compiled population genetic studies of host plants and intimately associated herbivores, parasites, and mutualists. We used Bayesian multiple regressions and the BEDASSLE modeling framework to test whether host and associate population structures were correlated over and above the potentially confounding effects of geography and shared environmental variation. We found that associates' population structure often paralleled their hosts' population structure, and that this effect is robust to accounting for geographic distance and climate. Associate genetic structure was significantly explained by plant genetic structure somewhat more often in antagonistic interactions than in mutualistic ones. This aligns with a key prediction of coevolutionary theory that antagonistic interactions promote diversity through local adaptation of antagonists to hosts, while mutualistic interactions more often promote diversity via the effect of hosts' geographic distribution on mutualists' dispersal.
Come Correct: Itineraries of Discovery in Black Women's Ethnographic Practice
Authors: Strong Krystal , Blanks Jones Jasmine
Published: September 2022

This methodological reflection invokes the legacy of Black women anthropologists, who have approached ethnography not as encounters with “The Other” but as part of African Diasporic projects. As two U.S. Black women ethnographers, who understand our fieldwork contexts in West Africa as sites of return, re‐discovery, and struggle, we situate our work within Black feminist genealogies, which refashion anthropological tools to re‐map and reconstitute relations and recognition amongst those we call our kinfolk. We draw on “co‐performative witnessing” (Madison 2007) and “mutual comradeship” (Burden‐Stelly 2018) as counter‐modalities of ethnographic praxis, which follow in this tradition of disrupting and re‐routing the disciplinarily legitimized stakes of ethnography. Specifically, we re‐narrate gatherings, by which we mean moments of being “gathered,” or collected and corrected in love. Within our respective “itineraries of discovery” (Walker 2015) in Liberia and Nigeria, we were confronted with dilemmas of personal and professional benefit in youth performance ethnography and challenged to relinquish political neutrality in activist ethnography. We conclude by amplifying the call of Black women anthropologists and our kinfolk interlocutors that when we come to our ethnographic work, physically, intellectually, and relationally, that we also “come correct.”
Arrhenius energy effect on the rotating flow of Casson nanofluid with convective conditions and velocity slip effects: Semi‐numerical calculations
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed G. , Fawzy N. A.
Published: September 2022

The present paper focuses on the effects of Arrhenius activation energy on the hydromagnetic rotating flow of Casson nanofluid. Entropy production, viscous dissipation Brownian dispersion, porous medium, velocity slip, magnetic field, convective heat, and mass conditions are taken into consideration. Transformation schemes are used to extract a nonlinear system of the differential equation. The generalized differential transform method (GDTM) is used to compute/obtain the solutions of the present system. Results for the distributions of velocities, nano concentration, and temperature are scrutinized graphically. The accuracy of GDTM is proved via a comparison of numerical and graphical results with the nearest published results by Hayat et al. and found to be excellent. Graphical results are extracted for different values of pertinent parameters versus velocities, nano concentration, and temperature profiles. The results show that more heat is produced due to the process of thermal radiation for which entropy is knowingly improved.
From organoids to bedside: Advances in modeling, decoding and targeting of colorectal cancer
Authors: Betge Johannes , Jackstadt Rene
Published: September 2022

Patient derived organoids closely resemble the biology of tissues and tumors. They are enabling ex vivo modeling of human diseases and dissecting key features of tumor biology like anatomical diversity or inter‐ and intra‐tumoral heterogeneity. In the last years, organoids were established as models for drug discovery and explored to guide clinical decision making. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in organoid based research, elaborating on the developments in colorectal cancer as a prime example. We focus our review on the role of organoids to decode cancer cell dynamics and tumor microenvironmental complexity with the underlying bi‐directional crosstalk. Additionally, advancements in the development of living biobanks, screening approaches, organoid based precision medicine and challenges of co‐clinical trials are highlighted. We discuss ongoing efforts to overcome challenges that the field faces and indicate potential future directions.
Classification of brain hemorrhage computed tomography images using OzNet hybrid algorithm
Authors: Ozaltin Oznur , Coskun Orhan , Yeniay Ozgur , Subasi Abdulhamit
Published: September 2022

Classification of brain hemorrhage computed tomography (CT) images provides a better diagnostic implementation for emergency patients. Attentively, each brain CT image must be examined by doctors. This situation is time‐consuming, exhausting, and sometimes leads to making errors. Hence, we aim to find the best algorithm owing to a requirement for automatic classification of CT images to detect brain hemorrhage. In this study, we developed OzNet hybrid algorithm, which is a novel convolution neural networks (CNN) algorithm. Although OzNet achieves high classification performance, we combine it with Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA) and many classifiers: Artificial neural networks (ANN), Adaboost, Bagging, Decision Tree, K‐Nearest Neighbor (K‐NN), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machines (SVM). In addition, Oznet is utilized for feature extraction, where 4096 features are extracted from the fully connected layer. These features are reduced to have significant and informative features with minimum loss by NCA. Eventually, we use these classifiers to classify these significant features. Finally, experimental results display that OzNet‐NCA‐ANN excellent classifier model and achieves 100% accuracy with created Dataset 2 from Brain Hemorrhage CT images.