bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra-Latin American Brain Drain Patterns: Speech, Political Action, Statistics, and Testimonies of Labor Market Insertion of the Venezuelan Population in Argentina
Authors: Biderbost Pablo , Carrasquero Guillermo Boscán , Garrido Raquel López , Brina María Elisa Núñez
Published: April 2024

Brain drain is known as the phenomenon in which people with knowledge or technical skills migrate to another country. Nowadays, brain drain is one of the most common forms of migration. Latin American countries are not exempt from this type of migration. Thus, in this article, we will investigate this phenomenon through the study and collection of data on Venezuelan people who migrate to Argentina, identifying the trends, characteristics, and situations in which the brain drain takes place.
Barqueiros do tocantins e a usina hidrelétrica estreito
Authors: Zagallo Ana Daisy Araújo , Ertzogue Marina Hainzenreder
Published: April 2024

No presente artigo tratamos da concepção de turismo local sustentável e perspectivas socioeconômicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento regional. Expomos também a falácia do turismo como mitigador dos impactos socioambientais decorrentes das grandes obras hidrelétricas. Por fim, apresentamos os resultados de pesquisa realizada com barqueiros da Associação dos Barqueiros de Babaçulândia, no Tocantins, impactados pela Usina Hidrelétrica de Estreito (MA/TO) cujas representações refletem a insustentabilidade do turismo local pós-barragem na região, bem como os efeitos da exclusão social e espacial da categoria com perdas de postos de trabalhos e a extinção gradual de uma atividade exercida no rio Tocantins antes da formação do lago, envolvendo turismo local, sazonal e sustentável em praias naturais.
Análise das explorações agropecuárias e do acesso a políticas públicas, em projetos de reforma agrária, na microrregião de Andradina (SP)
Authors: Silva Flaviana Cavalcanti da , Sant'Ana Antonio Lázaro , Maia Ana Heloisa
Published: April 2024

Este trabalho caracteriza e discute aspectos pertinentes aos sistemas produtivos explorados por famílias assentadas na microrregião de Andradina/SP, bem como, analisa o acesso destas às principais políticas públicas voltadas para a agricultura familiar. Caracterizada por uma abordagem quali-quantitativa, a pesquisa de campo contemplou 30 produtores pertencentes a oito assentamentos da Microrregião. Foram realizadas visitas in loco, empregando-se como instrumentos de coleta de dados, principalmente, questionários e a observação direta. Constatou-se a preponderância da pecuária leiteira no que concerne à geração de renda e à produção destinada ao autoconsumo para os produtores pesquisados (77% exploram a atividade); entretanto, a sazonalidade produtiva desperta preocupações, dada a forte redução da produção de leite durante o período seco, observada em 80% dos casos analisados. Aliada à atividade leiteira, destacam-se, dentre o público pesquisado, as estratégias pautadas na policultura e na exploração de culturas que apresentam custos de produção relativamente baixos e que não exigem infraestrutura específica. Observou-se a necessidade de que os instrumentos de políticas públicas, na microrregião de Andradina, impliquem em esforços que possam efetivamente contribuir para a ampliação das possibilidades no que se referem às estratégias de reprodução socioeconômica dos produtores assentados; de modo que estes não se vejam fadados à pecuária de leite e a pequenas áreas de olericultura, em face das fortes limitações relacionadas com a infraestrutura disponível e com as debilidades no campo da assistência técnica e extensão rural, observadas nos espaços de reforma agrária da Microrregião.
Enfermedad de Jodhpur, serie de casos y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Pacheco Y Orozco Farid Adán , Sánchez Paredes Vicente , Simonín Ruíz Oscar David , Arias Arias José Luis , Madriñán Rivas Jorge Eduardo , Estudillo Antonio José David , Castellanos Lafont Claudia Mariel
Published: April 2024

ANTECEDENTES: La enfermedad de Jodhpur es una entidad descrita por primera vez en 1997 por Sharma, en Jodhpur, India. Este autor modificó la clasificación de las obstrucciones gástricas para incluir la obstrucción de la salida gástrica una vez descartada cualquier restricción identificable a nivel del píloro.
CASO CLÍNICO: Presentamos 4 casos que cursaron con vómitos no biliares recurrentes sin obstrucción secundaria de la luz pilórica tratados con piloroplastía de Heineke- Mikulicz, obteniendo remisión del cuadro clínico. Buscamos en diferentes fuentes de información médica casos agrupados como "enfermedad de Jodhpur" o clínicamente coincidentes, recogiendo más de 50, que comparamos con nuestra serie.
CONCLUSIONES: Con la información obtenida concluimos que esta entidad es más frecuente en preescolares del sexo masculino, se caracteriza por vómitos de contenido gástrico no biliar de pocos días a 4 años de evolución, frecuentemente asociado a distensión abdominal o masa epigástrica. Sugerimos la serie de esófago gastroduodenal como estudio de abordaje inicial que demuestra obstrucción del tracto de salida gástrico, confirmada por endoscopia, descartando causas secundarias asociadas. El manejo terapéutico, una vez corregido el estado de hidratación y nutrición del paciente, podría ser la piloroplastía de Heineke-Mikulicz, utilizada en la mayoría de los casos reportados con buenos resultados.
Toward Enhanced Climate Ambition: Transparency and Digital Governance in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Bravo Sandra , Doherty-Bigara Jennifer , Restrepo Duarte Daniella
Published: April 2024

Climate data governance is a key step in taking advantage of the opportunities offered by innovative financial mechanisms, based on the provision of data and indicators that can attest to the achievement of a countrys climate targets and commitments. For example, green bonds require the bond issuer to communicate environmental or climate sustainability objectives to investors in a transparent manner, as well as to undergo external evaluation and review. Therefore, having a robust and clear monitoring and reporting system in place can help governments access new instruments and consolidate the operationalization of their climate action, in alignment with the targets set by their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The publication consists of four parts. The first part describes the context of the role of transparency and digital governance in the development of climate ambition. The second part analyzes the current state of the ETF on a sample of ten countries in the region. Part three studies the situation of open climate data governance and its digitization based on a sample of six countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Finally, the fourth part of the report presents its general conclusions and recommendations.
Основы научной коммуникации
Authors:   Саратовский государственный университет, Сиротинина О. Б. , Дегальцева А. В. ,   Саратовский государственный университет
Published: April 2024

Пособие написано в соответствии с основными требованиями, предъявляемыми к содержанию дисциплины «Научная коммуникация» ФГОС ВО по направлению подготовки 45.04.01. – «Филология», профиль «Русский язык как родной и иностранный». Оно содержит теоретические сведения и практический материал для организации аудиторной и самостоятельной работы обучающихся. Для магистрантов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 45.04.01. – «Филология», профиль «Русский язык как родной и иностранный».
Эпидемиология: методические материалы
Authors:   Саратовский государственный университет, Уткин Д. В.
Published: April 2024

Пособие составлено в соответствии с «Программой по эпидемиологии для студентов биологических факультетов университетов». В пособии отражены проблемы эпидемиологического надзора и контроля за инфекционными и неинфекционными болезнями, включая современные аспекты эпидемиологической диагностики и методов эпидемиологического анализа, организационные вопросы противоэпидемических и профилактических мероприятий при антропонозных, зоонозных, сапронозных и госпитальных инфекциях, а также в условиях чрезвычайных ситуаций. Приведены тестовые задания для самоконтроля. Для студентов биологического факультета, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 06.04.01 «Биология».
Ботаника: высшие растения
Authors:   Саратовский государственный университет, Седова О. В. , Лаврентьев М. В. ,   Саратовский государственный университет
Published: April 2024

Учебно-методическое пособие содержит основные методы и приёмы работы на лабораторных занятиях, задания для лабораторных занятий и самостоятельной работы, словарь терминов и вопросы для промежуточной аттестации. Для студентов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки бакалавриата 06.03.01 Биология, может быть полезно учителям школ, преподавателям лицеев и гимназий.
Совершенствуем навыки английского языка для академических целей: подготовка к научной конференции
Authors:   Саратовский государственный университет, Иванова Д. В. , Кубракова Н. А. ,   Саратовский государственный университет, Шилова С. А. ,   Саратовский государственный университет
Published: April 2024

Основной целью пособия является развитие навыков иноязычного академического общения, необходимых студентам, обучающимся по направлениям подготовки магистратуры, и аспирантам Института физики для участия в научной конференции на английском языке. Рассматриваются все этапы подготовки к конференции – от подачи заявки до устного выступления и ответов на вопросы аудитории в рамках секционных заседаний конференции. Предлагаются подробные инструкции и богатый иллюстративный материал, которые опираются на результаты научных исследований англоязычного академического дискурса, а также примеры из аутентичных англоязычных научно-исследовательских статей в области физики. Закреплению изучаемого материала способствует развернутая система упражнений. Пособие может быть использовано для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы. Для студентов, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки магистратуры, и аспирантов Института физики.
Чем интересна специальность «Метеорология»
Authors:   Саратовский государственный университет, Лапина С. Н. , Червяков М. Ю. ,   Саратовский государственный университет
Published: April 2024

Содержит информацию о профессиональной деятельности специалистов в области гидрометеорологии, некоторых аспектах метеорологии. Материалы представлены в доступной форме с приведением конкретных примеров. Авторы используют художественные способы выражения в виде поэзии и живописи для понимания некоторых метеорологических процессов. Для студентов, обучающихся по направлениям 05.03.05 «Прикладная гидрометеорология», 05.04.05 «Прикладная гидрометеорология», 44.03.01 «Педагогическое образование» (профиль география).
PROBLEMS OF COLLABORATIONISM AND RUSSIAN PROPAGANDA IN EDUCATION IN THE TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED TERRITORIES DURING THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR (BASED ON UKRAINIAN MEDIA MATERIALS)
Authors: Kovalenko Alla
Published: April 2024

The article examines contemporary reflections in science on the concept and phenomenon of collaborationism. It explores the features of educational individual collaborationism, the reasons for its emergence in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The issue of complicity in Ukrainian media emerges as a multifaceted phenomenon in the context of the war’s incompleteness, the passivity of the Ministry of Education, the imperfections of judicial practice and legal norms regarding the motivation and conditions of cooperation with the enemy, material and ideological (propagandistic) components, and so on. In the course of the comparative analysis, it was found out clarified that professional publications almost do not pay attention to educational collaborationism, instead transmitting a counter-propaganda narrative about teacher-heroes, patriots in storytelling materials, who continue to be defenders of Ukraine and role models for their students. General political publications address various issues of cooperation with the occupier in education in informational and analytical genres, performing enlightening, advocacy functions, as well as functions of prevention and criticism of this social phenomenon and contribute to its prevention.
Removing barriers to the movement of food accross borders
Authors:   Global Harmonization Initiative, Lelieveld Huub
Published: April 2024

Always when I receive the announcement of a new issue of AJFAND, I immediately read the editorial and then look up the articles that are of interest to me or I feel should have the interest of colleagues, whom I subsequently alert about it. AJFAND is certainly a journal of high quality and many of the articles are not only of interest to Africa. When invited to write a guest editorial, about a topic of my choice, logically I accepted, but I had no clue yet about the subject of the editorial. If I write an article, I feel it should have contents that matter and will help at least a few readers a little ahead in their endeavours. As the highest priority of my activities is with the Global Harmonization Initiative (GHI) whose goal it is to achieve consensus on the science of food regulations and legislation to ensure global availability of safe and wholesome food products for all consumers, I felt I should focus on the availability of safe food in Africa, remembering the many famines in several parts of Africa in the past decades
Fish and Chips: Considering convenience and affordability, but with what harm and cost to your health?
Authors:   Karatina University, Lokuruka Michael
Published: April 2024

I remember the 1970s-1990s as the decades of the “fish and chips” craze, especially for the youth of the time. The craze seemed at the time to have originated from the UK, though I feel the place of origin may not have influenced its embrace by the Kenyan youth. The tastiness of fish and chips as contributed by fat, its crispiness on chewing and the brown appearance of the surface may be part of the allure to consume it
Malnutrition and Malaria: The complex relationship
Authors:   Karatina University, Kwena Arthur
Published: April 2024

I remember the 1970s-1990s as the decades of the “fish and chips” craze, especially for the youth of the time. The craze seemed at the time to have originated from the UK, though I feel the place of origin may not have influenced its embrace by the Kenyan youth. The tastiness of fish and chips as contributed by fat, its crispiness on chewing and the brown appearance of the surface may be part of the allure to consume it
How diverse is the African diet?
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

How diverse is the African diet? I can say as diverse as the tribes. And the ethnic groups are many. Not much is written about authentic African cuisine. Of course, invasions and colonization brought in foreigners and foreign foods some of which then became part of the local cuisine. If one takes Kenya, for example, the Indians who came to build the railway line brought curries and chapatis (unleavened fried wheat bread). As you sit in Kenya enjoying curried food and chapatis, you would not imagine that these foods are foreign.
What shall we eat tomorrow?
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

There are scholars who are virtually obsessed with how 9 billion people will be fed in the year 2050.This is taking into account the fact that in some regions of the world, population growth is faster than food productivity and economic growth. They are also keen that this message reaches everyone on the planet. Yet in one forum I was telling them that a poor "mama" at the grassroots level with a small plot of land is more worried about what will be dinner for her family rather than about how so many people will be fed in the future. So, if we want the lady to help in the efforts aimed at saving mother nature, she has to be convinced that her actions today do impact the rest of the world and in the very near future, and that her children will be amongst those that will be affected fairly adversely.
A preventable tragedy: how close is Africa to end hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030?
Authors:   Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria, Obayelu Elijah
Published: April 2024

Hunger and malnutrition constitute a major challenge and a big barrier to African development. New evidence continues to show that the absolute number of undernourished people (those facing chronic food deprivation) in Africa is on the increase. Globally, people who are chronically undernourished rose from 777 million in 2015 to 815 million in 2016 and to 821 million in 2017
Back to basics: Embracing Natural Foods Over Processed Alternatives
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

A former student and mentee Ms. Ruth Akelola invited me to participate in her very first training under her newly registered organization, Megashift Nutrition. She chose as her first subject matter - Cancer and Food. Fortunately, I was around and could attend. In fact, I went the first day to speak at the opening and was also able to make it again on the last day, day 3. Nutrition is still described as a young science, especially when one compares it to such old sciences as physics and chemistry.
AJFAND at 20
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

The African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (AJFAND) has gone International. And yet still focused on Africa. In our 20th year of production, we can state that we are truly global, with reviewers and articles from all corners of the world, representing different fields. No doubt the largest number comes from Africa.
Navigating Covid-19: Strengthening Immunity Through Nutrition
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 is here, another virus, and the worst yet. I was quarantined in China in 2008, over the H1N1 flu, but for only 6 days. I came back and talked to Kenyans about it but no one really paid attention . It was something most Kenyans were not familiar with. Some are now reminding me about what I said then, 12 years ago. Now I must self- isolate because of my advanced age. If by now as a world citizen you have not heard about it, then you do not live on this planet. My people have a problem pronouncing it. Well, all they know is that it is an enemy which has invaded our country and which our government in Nairobi is trying to contain. Many of them are wondering: What is new, as we always live on edge anyway. Well as of today March 29, 2020, there is nationwide curfew, 7pm to 5am.
Vitamin D deficiency occurs globally including in Africa
Authors:   University of Saskatchewan, Whiting Susan J
Published: April 2024

Vitamin D deficiency is associated not only with bone health but also with noncommunicable and infectious diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis and bronchiolitis. Many researchers have described the role vitamin D plays in the immune response [1,2] and evidence is emerging as to the role of vitamin D in preventing respiratory conditions [3]. Overall, however, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have not been definitive enough to provide evidence for vitamin D’s roles in these conditions, but criticism is mounting that often these RCTs neglect to study population groups who have vitamin D deficiency [4]. In examining what role vitamin D plays there should be a focus on vulnerable groups.
Parc de Sceaux pod Paryżem – przeobrażenia zespołu ogrodowego i jego współczesność
Authors: Łarionow Dominika , Stefański Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

Założenie parkowe w Sceaux pod Paryżem wraz z pałacem w stylu baroku francuskiego powstało w końcu XVII wieku według planów André Le Nôtre’a dla ministra finansów Ludwika XIV Jeana-Baptiste’a Colberta. W późniejszym czasie było rozbudowywane i przekształcane. W trakcie Rewolucji Francuskiej majątek skonfiskowano na rzecz państwa i przekształcono w szkołę rolniczą. Park podupadł, większość znajdujących się na jego terenie posągów została przeniesiona do Paryża W 1798 roku majątek sprzedano prywatnemu przedsiębiorcy. Kolejny właściciel, książę Treviso, zbudował latach 1856–1862 na miejscu zburzonego pałacu nowy, w stylu Ludwika XIII, według projektów architekta Auguste’a Théophile’a Quantineta.
Park był następnie dewastowany w czasie wojny francusko-pruskiej 1870–1871 oraz w trakcie I wojny światowej. Zniszczona posiadłość została w 1923 roku wykupiona przez władze departamentu de la Seine i przekazana do dyspozycji władzom miasta Sceaux i w mniejszej części władzom miasteczka Antony. Rok później rozpoczęto działania renowacyjne kontynuowane do dzisiaj. Zrekonstruowano kompleks parkowy, wzbogacając go jednocześnie o nowe elementy architektoniczne (Pawilon Hanowerski) i rzeźbiarskie (prace A. Rodina, pomniki ku czci Ormian i Żydów). Parc Sceaux jest przykładem udanej kompleksowej rewitalizacji – po przeprowadzonych pracach stał się ulubionym miejscem rekreacyjnym nie tylko dla mieszkańców miast: Sceaux i Antony, ale również mieszkańców centrum Paryża, miejscem wielu lokalnych i ponadlokalnych wydarzeń kulturalnych i artystycznych.
Primary Birth Trauma in Australian Midwives: A Correlational Study
Authors: Charmer Lisa , Wallis Marianne , Jefford Elaine , Jomeen Julie
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:The Australian Health Practitioners Registration Agency (AHPRA) records 98.7% of the 32,000 registered midwives as female. In 2021, Australia recorded 309,996 births, and one in three women experienced birth trauma. While the exact proportion of midwives who have given birth is unknown, it is likely the majority. As a consequence, 5,000–11,000 midwives may have experienced primary birth trauma (PBT). Little is known about midwives’ personal experience of birth trauma and its relationship to factors that affect their experience of the maternity workplace setting.

AIMS:This study aimed to explore mental health morbidity and factors associated with the severity of PBT in Australian midwives and the relationships between these factors and professional quality of life.

METHODS:Australian registered midwives 12 months post birth trauma experience and having returned to the maternity workplace without restrictions to their AHPRA registration were included. Data were collected via an online survey with four validated tools and general demographic information.

FINDINGS:Midwives who have experienced PBT have symptomology for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and burnout. Midwives with these symptomologies work within maternity settings with little known about the implications of accumulative symptoms, their impact on care provision or clinical decision-making, and overall long-term personal and professional well-being and health.

CONCLUSION:This study found that midwives experience psychological, professional, and personal issues and trauma symptomology associated with their own primary birth trauma. Further research exploring simplified symptomatology identification and appropriate interventions both inside and outside the work environment is required to improve midwives’ mental health, rates of retention in the workplace, and job satisfaction.
It’s About Getting the Balance Right: Midwives’ Experiences With Using Communication Technology With Pregnant Women/People
Authors: Wakelin Karen J. , McAra-Couper Judith , Fleming Tania
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:The convenience of asynchronous communication such as texting has enabled people to quickly communicate with others. Concerns have been identified around the quality of relationships that are developed during these interactions with respect to privacy and confidentiality of information, particularly within a health care context. This has potential implications on the way midwives use technology when communicating with their clients.

AIM:This article reports on how midwives find balance when using communication technology with their pregnant clients. This is achieved through balancing societal expectations on being connected 24/7 while maintaining their own work/life balance.

METHODS:This article reports on phase 2A of a multiphase study. Semistructured interviews with 14 midwives who use communication technology such as texting with their pregnant clients were conducted online using the platform Microsoft Teams. Interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

FINDINGS:The findings indicate that midwives are balancing how they use communication technology when communicating with their pregnant clients in three ways: (a) midwives are balancing the convenience of the technology with the relationships they develop with their pregnant clients within a continuity of care relationship; (b) midwives are balancing these communications while ensuring privacy and confidentiality of information; and (c) midwives are finding a balance between ensuring access for their pregnant clients while maintaining their own work/life balance.

DISCUSSION:Midwives recognized that there is a need to balance the convenience of technology with the relationships they develop with their pregnant clients. They are adjusting and adapting to ensure they are connecting but also mindful of challenges with ensuring privacy and confidentiality of information. Midwives have shown how communication technology is part of a solution in enabling them to communicate with their clients while maintaining a better work/life balance.
Optimizing bio-bitumen mixes through response surface methodology
Authors: Ramu Penki , Rout Subrat Kumar , Das Aditya Kumar
Published: April 2024

Bio-bitumen, a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based bitumen, is gaining popularity owing to its environmental advantages and potential to address depleting crude oil sources. The purpose of this study is to use Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimise bio-bitumen characteristics for sustainable pavements. Bio-bitumen is produced by combining conventional bitumen with biochar, cashew nutshell liquid, waste engine oil, and phthalic anhydride. This study uses RSM to investigate how these components (biochar, cashew nutshell liquid, waste engine oil, and phthalic anhydride) influence important bio-bitumen properties (penetration, ductility, softening point, and elastic recovery). A 2^4 factorial design with 27 trials was employed to optimise the mixing procedure. Statistical analysis, employing visualizations like contour plots and surface plots revealed an optimum bio-bitumen combination having 15% biochar, 1.71% cashew nutshell liquid, 0% waste engine oil, and a phthalic anhydride concentration ranging from 4.54% to 7.5%. This study illustrates the efficacy of RSM in optimising bio-bitumen for sustainable pavements, paving the way for more environmentally friendly road construction.
Editorial UPTC
Authors: Pedraza-Jiménez Yamile
Published: April 2024

El compromiso ambiental es responsabilidad de toda universidad, debido a que cumple un papel importante en el proceso formativo de profesionales. Además, se convierte en una actividad democrática para la toma de decisiones, lo que supone un trabajo colegiado de los actores institucionales para pensar en vías o escenarios posibles de reflexión sobre cómo mejorar nuestra relación con “el yo”, “el otro” y “lo otro”. Estos vínculos son significativos en la transformación del pensamiento y la orientación de la universidad hacia la sustentabilidad, ya que es neurálgico reevaluar el porqué y el de-dónde provienen las directrices, que, en muchos casos, se asumen sin mayor cuestionamiento al interior de las instituciones. En el marco de abordaje de los campos ambiental y de la Educación Ambiental en las universidades, es necesario considerar elementos epistemológicos, académicos, políticos, ontológicos e ideológicos. Su análisis posibilitó a la autora la identificación de oportunidades, amenazas y obstáculos en la generación de una propuesta de ambientalización curricular sustentada en un proceso interdisciplinar. En síntesis, la apuesta ambiental de una universidad es una posición histórica y democratizada de un modelo educativo compartido que requiere procesos de configuración y construcción a corto, mediano y largo plazo. La experiencia desarrollada en la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC) se enmarca en la posibilidad de organizar y poner en acción la cimentación de una propuesta de ambientalización curricular universitaria que espera incidir en una formación didáctico-pedagógica, interdisciplinar, dialógica, con capacidad de negociación y de delimitación de criterios para su implementación.
EXPLORING ANIMAL MOVEMENT BEHAVIOR WITH SWITCHING STATE SPACE MODELS
Authors:   Kent School, Connecticut, United States of America, Liu Emma
Published: April 2024

Understanding animal movement is pivotal in addressing population dynamics. Bayesian statistical techniques have been concentrated in literature to study intricate animal movement, by adapting their analytically manageable likelihoods. With the utilization of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), the study examines animal tracking data of one elk and highlights step lengths and turning angles across two states. Data is obtained from the work of Morales et al. (2004), titled "Extracting more out of relocation data: building movement models as mixtures of random walks." Collected using tracking systems, the data indicates elk position (longitude and latitude), and the animal’s proximity to water sources along its movement paths. To effectively analyze step length and turning angles on HMMs, Gamma and Von Mises distributions and employed respectively. Results indicate a difference in step length between states 1 and 2, with longer steps observed in state 2 than in state 1. In turning angles, state 1 showcases a uniform distribution, signifying undirected movement in comparison to State 2 which showcases directed movement. The study concludes that movement in state 1 is indicative of foraging, while state 2 signifies traveling between habitat patches and wandering movements, and that the elk grazes closer to water and forages away from water.
NEUROTROPHINS, TRK-RECEPTORS AND CALCIUM BINDING PROTEIN LOCALIZATION IN MECHANOSENSORY SYSTEMS AND RETINA OF NOTHOBRANCHIUS GUENTHERI
Authors:   Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy, Porcino Caterina
Published: April 2024

Neurotrophins are growth factors playing a crucial role in the survival, differentiation, development, and plasticity of neurons. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors (Trks) in the central and peripheral nervous systems, including sensory organs. Calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) are also present in these systems. They are involved in essential physiological functions related to calcium ions, such as nerve impulse transmission, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and transmission. Further, CaBPs are supposed to be involved in neuron protection. Neurotrophins and CaBPs perform their roles in various vertebrates, including fish. Nonetheless, based on existing knowledge, there is no record of the presence of neurotrophins in the sensory organs of Nothobranchius guentheri. Due to its relatively short lifespan, N. guentheri has emerged as a valuable model for aging studies, holding significant relevance in the field of translational medicine. As a teleost, its sensory systems share several morphological and functional similarities with mammals, including humans. However, unlike mammals, fish sensory organs keep the regeneration capability. In light of this, the present research sought to identify the neurotrophin-receptor systems and calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) in the mechanosensory organs and retina of N. guentheri. Utilizing immunoperoxidase, single, and double immunofluorescence methods, the investigation unveiled the localization of neurotrophins and CaBPs in the inner ear, neuromasts of the lateral line system, and retinal cells of N. guentheri. This newfound information indicates the influence of these proteins on the biology of N. guentheri, reinforcing its suitability as a model for aging studies. The implications of these findings could significantly contribute to research on age-related neurodegeneration within the realm of translational medicine.
Polymyalgia Rheumatica After COVID-19 Vaccination: Data from the EudraVigilance Database
Authors: Pinto Oliveira Cláudia , Ferreira Azevedo Sofia , Vilafanha Carolina , Prata Ana Rita , Barcelos Anabela
Published: April 2024

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Switzerland – A New Reading of Neutrality
Authors: Chernyavskii S.
Published: April 2024

The evolution of the key principle of Swiss foreign policy – “armed neutrality” – is analyzed in the context of radical changes in the world community associated with the emergence of new threats and challenges. The confrontation between Russia and the United States, which entered an acute phase in Ukraine, led to the transformation of the positions of traditional European neutrals – Finland and Sweden. Switzerland did not stand aside. Having found itself under double pressure – external and internal – the Swiss leadership supported all the packages of anti-Russian sanctions adopted by the European Union, which led to a forced adjustment of the policy of neutrality. In order to maintain a balance between expressing solidarity with the position of the Western countries and maintaining neutrality, the strategy of “cooperative neutrality” was adopted in Bern. It proposes, taking into account new challenges, to move from “passive” to “active” neutrality, namely, to expand cooperation, including military, “with like-minded states on the basis of common values.” But at the same time, maintain a dialogue with other countries in order, on the one hand, to show solidarity with partners, and on the other, to continue interaction and act as mediators in resolving conflicts. However, Russia believes that having joined the anti-Russian sanctions, Switzerland has already lost its neutrality status, which means it cannot mediate in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, including providing its platform for negotiations between the parties. Therefore in August 2022, the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs refused Berne’s offer to represent Ukraine’s diplomatic interests in Russia.
The European Union’s Role in (De)Stabilization of the Post-Yugoslav Space
Authors: Maleshevich A.
Published: April 2024

Since the launch of the Stabilization and Association Process in 1999, the European Union has become the main conflict mediator on the post-Yugoslav space. The EU’s policy towards the region of the so-called Western Balkans implies the juxtaposition of integration and conflict settlement goals, which was not the case during the previous enlargement waves. Besides promoting peacebuilding initiatives through traditional foreign policy instruments, Brussels has been practicing a complicated system of incentives and sanctions related to the European integration procedures. Progress of the post-Yugoslav republics in enlargement is conditional on their willingness to implement particular requirements. The article analyzes the efficiency of the European Union’s conditionality from the perspective of regional stability. The ambivalence of such approach lies in politicization of peacebuilding agenda as the EU advances its specific image of recent civil wars in the Balkans. Using the methods of retrospective analysis of European politics, including foreign policy documents, the author substantiates the political nature of the demands made by Brussels on the parties to the conflicts. The distinct feature of the EU enlargement policy is the hierarchization of actors in foreign policy processes, which provides various countries with different negotiating power. This conditionality, due to the value contradictions within the communities, leads to the point when the applied measures of settlement lead not to the expected normalization, but to the aggravation of the situation and polarization of the parties. Thus, the author identifies the discrepancy between the declared objectives of the European Union as a mediator and the practical results. This inconsistency has prompted the decay of neighbor relations on the post-Yugoslav space as the EU member states attempted to instrumentalize their position within the Union for the ultimate solution of bilateral disputes with candidate countries, blocking the integration process in general.
Regional Powers on the African Continent: Trends and Prospects
Authors: Loshkarev I. , Protasov D.
Published: April 2024

The article studies the elements of the twelve leading African states` mights in order to identify the regional power and find potential ones. The growing role of the African region in world politics is giving more weight to the regional powers in the international scene. The authors examined the power`s parameters in dynamics, thus allowed them to reveal not only the key leading states of the continent, but also to note the emerging powers of the African continent. Based on the size of the armed forces, the cost of maintenance and technological equipment, the leading positions in Africa are occupied by Algeria, Egypt and Nigeria. Although these indicators are not automatically translated into power projection, they are enough to create a restraining structural effect on other states on the continent. In terms of the combination of economic and demographic potential, the most noticeable groundwork has been formed in Egypt and Nigeria, since their economic growth is comparable to population growth. Other major countries in Africa are experiencing either slowing economic growth or demographic transition, raising questions about the potential of these countries. Finally, in terms of soft power and institutional representation, Egypt has a significant lead. Thus, only Egypt and Nigeria can be considered full-fledged regional powers in Africa. Although South Africa is often added to this list, military-political, economic-demographic and cultural-institutional trends on the African continent do not allow one to come to such a conclusion. The second echelon of powers in Africa potentially includes, in addition to South Africa, Algeria, Kenya and Ethiopia. Given these political dynamics, we can expect increased competition among the leading states on the continent.
European Union – Latin America: Arrangements and Competition
Authors: Kosevich E.
Published: April 2024

The idea of dialogue became the unspoken “core” of the EU – Latin America interregional relations, where the creation of the network of trade agreements played an important role, in which the EU was able to succeed noticeably. This article is devoted to political aspects of the chain of trade agreements with Latin America created by the European Union as one of the foundations of the whole complex of interregional relations that develop in accordance with the priority of economy over politics. The nature of development of each of these routes of interaction, the results, as well as the barriers that the EU–LAC dialogue faces, make it possible to identify the possibilities and limits of cooperation between the two regions in the face of increasing struggle for influence in the Western Hemisphere. The paper explores the main trade agreements: EU–Mexico, EU–Chile, EU – Colombia, Peru and Ecuador, EU–Caribbean, EU – Central America, and EU–MERCOSUR. The author concludes that the changes that have taken place at the international level, as well as in Europe and the LAC in recent years, with the increasing influence of new global players in Latin America, primarily China, yet again calls into question European leadership in this part of the world. It was the feeling of “closeness” that became an important factor in China’s rapid expansion in Latin America, which Brussels has not paid due attention to in recent years. And this has led to the fact that the idea of confronting the growing struggle for influence in the Western Hemisphere has gradually become a red thread that belittles EU strategy in Latin America.
Biomarker Hydrocarbons and Carbon Isotopes of Individual n-Alkanes in Paraffin Oils and Bitumens of the Middle Devonian–Lower Frasnian Terrigenous Complex of the Timan–Pechora Basin
Authors: Bushnev D.A. , Ilchenko A.A. , Ogdanets L.V. , Burdel’naya N.S.
Published: April 2024

––The objects of study were bitumens of sedimentary rocks and paraffin oils of the Middle Devonian–lower Frasnian terrigenous complex of the Timan–Pechora basin. We studied the composition of biomarker hydrocarbons and the carbon isotope composition of individual n-alkanes of bitumens from the cores of the wells of the Omra–Lyzha saddle. The results were compared with similar data on the composition of paraffin oils from the south of the Pechora–Kozhva megaswell. The generation potential and thermal maturity of organic matter were studied by the Rock-Eval pyrolysis method. The maturity of organic matter in the rocks of the studied complex in the Omra–Lyzha saddle and the Pechora–Kozhva megaswell corresponds to the oil window. Data on the carbon isotopy of n-alkanes and on the composition of biomarker hydrocarbons do not contradict the possible genetic relationship between paraffin oils and the organic matter of the host sedimentary complex. Both the studied paraffin oils and the rock bitumens contain early eluting rearranged hopanes atypical of oils of other petroliferous complexes and show high contents of n-alkanes relative to iso-alkanes and polycyclic biomarkers. The content of 13C tends to decrease with an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the n-alkane molecule in both oils and bitumen rocks.
Bio-, Lithostratigraphic and Geochemical Markers of Global Events in the Upper Devonian of the South of Western Siberia and their Value for Inter-regional Correlations
Authors: Izokh O.P. , Izokh N.G. , Popov B.M. , Saraev S.V.
Published: April 2024

—Upper Devonian carbonate reef complexes have been studied on the territory of the Kolyvan-Tom’ Folded Area in sections in the right bank of Tom’ River. Facies analysis of the exposed part of the reef complex indicates the predominance of fore-reef and continental margin depositional environments of a tectonically active margin. The identified conodont associations are represented by cosmopolitan representatives of the genera Ancyrodella, Ancyrolepis, Icriodus, Mehlina, Palmatolepis, Polygnathus and “Polylophodonta” suggesting a correlation with the punctata–jamieae, rhenana–linguiformis, triangularis and Lower crepida conodont zones. The largest conodont diversity occurs at the triangularis/crepida boundary. Biofacies analysis of ostracod distribution has led to identification of characteristic associations and their restriction to certain parts of the palaeobasin. Substage boundaries yielded ostracods with both smooth and ornamented shells. In the lower part of the substages, smooth forms predominate, whereas the middle and upper parts of the substages are characterised by forms with tuberculate and reticulated surface. Hollinella valentinae Beds were traced in the Upper Frasnian Solomino Formation, and Acratia granuliformis Beds were traced in the Lower Famennian Kosoy Utyos and lower Mitikha members. Isotope geochemistry of the Upper Devonian sections of the south of Western Siberia reveals Frasnian global events – the Middlesex/punctata and the Upper Kellwasser, their stratigraphic position confirmed by palaeontological data, as well as by the globally expressed negative carbon isotope anomaly. These boundaries are marked by changes in depositional regime reflecting sea-level eustatic fluctuations, which are complemented with faunal changes.
Incipient nematicity from electron flat bands in a kagomé metal
Authors: Li Mingda , Drucker Nathan , Nguyen Thanh , Mandal Manasi , Siriviboon Phum , Quan Yujie , Boonkird Artittaya , Okabe Ryotaro , Li Fankang , Burrage Kaleb , Funuma Fumiaki , Matsuda Masaaki , Abernathy Douglas , Williams Travis , Chi Songxue , Ye Feng , Nelson Christie , Liao Bolin , Volkov Pavel
Published: April 2024

Engineering new quantum phases requires fine tuning of the electronic, orbital, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom. To this end, kagomé lattice with flat bands has garnered great attention by hosting various topological and correlated phases. However, the impact of flat bands in materials’ macroscopic properties has been elusive. Here we discover the unconventional nematicity in kagomé metal CoSn. Thermodynamic, dilatometry, resonant X-ray scattering, inelastic neutron scattering, Lamour diffraction, and thermoelectric measurements consistently hint rotational symmetry-breaking and nematic order that is pronounced only near T* = 225 K. The observations, principally the nematic's finite temperature stability--incipience-- can be explained by a phenomenological model which reveals that thermally excited flat bands become unstable and promote symmetry breaking at a characteristic temperature determined by their energy distance from the Fermi level, qualitatively and quantitatively agreeing with the experiments. Our work shows that that thermal fluctuations, which are typically detrimental for correlated electronic phases, can induce new ordered states of matter.
Creating and controlling global Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement on quantum processors
Authors: Wang Haohua , Bao Zehang , Xu Shibo , Song Zixuan , Wang Ke , Xiang Liang , Zhu Zitian , Chen Jiachen , Jin Feitong , Zhu Xuhao , Gao Yu , Wu Yaozu , Zhang Chuanyu , Wang Ning , Zou Yiren , Tan Ziqi , Zhang Aosai , Cui Zhengyi , Shen Fanhao , Zhong Jiarun , Li Tingting , Deng Jinfeng , Zhang Xu , Dong Hang , Zhang Pengfei , Liu Yangren , Zhao Liangtian , Hao Jie , Li Hekang , Wang Zhen , Song Chao , Guo Qiujiang , Huang Biao
Published: April 2024

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states [1], also known as two-component Schr\"{o}dinger cats, play vital roles in the foundation of quantum physics and, more attractively, in future quantum technologies such as fault-tolerant quantum computation [2, 3]. Enlargement in size and coherent control of GHZ states are both crucial for harnessing entanglement in advanced computational tasks with practical advantages, which unfortunately pose tremendous challenges as GHZ states are vulnerable to noise [4, 5]. Here we propose a general strategy for creating, preserving, and manipulating large-scale GHZ entanglement, and demonstrate a series of experiments underlined by high-fidelity digital quantum circuits. For initialization, we employ a scalable protocol to create genuinely entangled GHZ states with up to 60 qubits, almost doubling the previous size record [6]. For protection, we take a new perspective on discrete time crystals (DTCs) [7–16], originally for exploring exotic nonequilibrium quantum matters, and embed a GHZ state into the eigenstates of a tailor-made cat scar DTC [17] to extend its lifetime. For manipulation, we switch the DTC eigenstates with in-situ quantum gates to modify the effectiveness of the GHZ protection. Our findings establish a viable path towards coherent operations on large-scale entanglement, and further highlight superconducting processors as a promising platform to explore nonequilibrium quantum matters and emerging applications.