bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Средства выражения эмоции страха в тюркских языках (на примере тувинского, карачаево-балкарского и хакасского языков)
Authors: Ахматова Мариям Ахматовна , Салчак Аэлита Яковлевна , Чертыкова Мария Дмитриевна
Published: June 2022

В статье описаны способы передачи эмоции страха в трех тюркских языках: тувин­ском, карачаево-балкарском и хакасском. Наиболее распространёнными формами пере­­дачи эмоции страха являются глаголы, соматические фразеологизмы и, как вспомо­гательный элемент — междометия. 
Исходя из семантических особенностей, данные глаголы делятся авторами на две категории: глаголы, указывающие на переживание сильной степени страха, и глаголы, указывающие на переживание слабой степени страха. Сильная степень страха часто может передаваться парными глаголами. Например, в тувинском языке коргар-дүвү­рээр ‘сильно бояться и тревожиться’; коргар-сестир ‘сильно испугаться и опасаться чего-л.’. Один из компонен­тов базовый глагол коргар ‘бояться’, второй — синоним, придающий семантике сложного глагола дополнительный смысл. 
Глаголы, указывающие слабую степень страха, как правило, во всех трёх иссле­дуемых языках несколько меняют свою семантику: признак «интенсивность страха» может быть заменён признаком длительности процесса страха «опасаться», «на­стораживаться». В русле метафорической проекции фразеологизмы описывают воз­действие страха на организм человека: дрожат конечности, цепенеет тело, бледнеет лицо, глаза лезут на лоб, теряется дар речи и т. д. 
Также имеются фразеологические единицы, указывающие на причастность эмоции страха к мыслительной деятельности. Например, у хакасского языка сағыс сых- ‘испы­тывать сильный страх’; букв. ‘мысли улетучились’ и изiн сығар- ‘очень сильно напугать кого-л.’; букв. ‘[его] мысли вынести’. 
В исследуемых языках при разнообразии семантики глагольной формы выражения эмоции, обнаруживаются одинаковые фрагменты описания воздействия страха на организм человека.
Советская модерность в визуальной перспективе (на примере ойрат-калмыков и тувинцев)
Authors: Четырова Любовь Борисовна , Сергеева Наталия Михайловна
Published: June 2022

В статье анализируется в визуальной перспективе ранний советский опыт модерности, пережитый ойрат-калмыками и тувинцами в 1930-е гг. Такая перспектива позволяет рассмотреть свидетельства реализации советского проекта создания «нового человека», установить знаки модерности в визуальных репрезентациях представителей данных народов. В статье применяется деколониальный подход, согласно которому модерность понимается как эпистемическая рамка, неразрывно связанная в данном случае с советским колониальным проектом.
Источниковой базой исследования стали фотодокументы 1930-х годов, которые хранятся в Национальном архиве Республики Тыва (г. Кызыл, Россия), Национальном архиве Республики Калмыкия и Национальном музее Республики Калмыкия имени Н. Н. Пальмова (г. Элиста, Россия).
Анализ фотографий ойрат-калмыков и тувинцев 1930-х годов XX века позволил выявить визуальный канон фотодокументалистики данного периода, а именно канон репрезентации и самопрезентации «нового человека»: отсутствие женственности в униформе женщин, строгость, собранность и дисциплинированность в одежде и позах, стойка «смирно», белая парадная рубашка, стремление «не выделяться», быть как все, слиться с коллективом. В результате анализа были выделены знаки модерности/колониальности, присутствующие как в репрезентации телесности, так и в среде обитания ойрат-калмыков и тувинцев. Установлено общее и особенное в фотодокументировании ойрат-калмыков и тувинцев и, соответственно, в визуальных знаках модерности/колониальности. К общему относится одежда и головные уборы европейского образца, короткие стрижки у женщин, использование советской символики в виде флагов, знамен, газет, демонстрирующих стремление к просвещённости, единение с коллективом, преимущественно строгая геометрия расположения группы в пространстве. Несмотря на однотипность визуальной репрезентации ойрат-калмыков и тувинцев как участников проекта создания «нового человека», в их визуальных образах есть частные различия. Они определяются особенностями формирования советской модерности у этих народов: предшествующим опытом столкновения с модерностью, степенью сохранности традиционной культуры, а также культурными кодами, нормирующими телесные практики.
Риски развития человеческого потенциала этнических общностей Республики Тыва (1999–2021 гг.)
Authors: Балакина Галина Федоровна
Published: June 2022

В статье анализируются оценки и деятельность представителей этнических общностей Тувы по заботе о здоровье, уровне образования, повышении квалификации, создании материальной базы будущего развития для себя и членов семьи, в оценке рисков развития человеческого потенциала и возможностей по их минимизации. Работа основана на данных государственной статистики за 2000–2021 гг., а также авторских социологических исследований 1999–2021 гг. под руководством и при участии автора.

Низкий уровень оплаты труда и доходов населения, снижение реальных доходов населения в последние годы не обеспечивают развитие человеческого потенциала для значительной части населения Республики Тыва. Риски ухудшения межнациональных отношений вследствие стабильно высокой конкуренции за доступ к социальным благам и услугам нивелируются в республике возросшим уровнем толерантности, а также малочисленностью некоренных общностей населения. Уровень напряженности в межнациональных отношениях в Туве, достаточно высокий в 1990-е гг., постепенно снижался, переходя в латентную, скрытую форму в 2000-х гг., с 2010 г. по 2021 г. оставался стабильным. Сохраняется позитивное взаимодействие двух основных этносов — тувинцев и русских.

Это обусловливает сохранение латентной напряженности в межнациональных отношениях, становится причиной отъезда представителей миноритарных этносов из региона в поисках родственной этнокультурной среды и более благоприятных социально-экономических условий. Для тувинцев сохранение этнической компактности, невысокой общенациональной идентичности, соблюдение традиций выживания позволяет обеспечить стабильное существование этноса, поддержание характеристик человеческого потенциала.
Особенности демографических процессов в городах Кызыл и Элиста в 2011–2020 годы: сравнительный анализ
Authors: Абылкаликов Салават Иргалиевич , Баймурзина Гузель Римовна
Published: June 2022

В статье проводится сравнительный анализ демографической ситуации и происходящих процессов Кызыла и Элисты, столиц Тувы и Калмыкии (Россия). Проанализирована специфика изменений основных демографических процессов (рождаемости, смертности и миграции), демографических структур и поведения. Авторами рассчитаны специальные коэффициенты рождаемости, показатели миграции (включая возрастные коэффициенты), а также изучены особенности возрастно-половой структуры и составлен демографический баланс Кызыла и Элисты.

Несмотря на кажущуюся схожесть (сопоставимая численность и доля в общем населении своих республик, этноконфессиональный состав), у Кызыла и Элисты есть свои особые черты развития демографических процессов. Сочетание естественного прироста и миграционный убыли в Кызыле приводит к общему приросту и, соответственно, росту численности населения. В Элисте в последние годы наблюдается заметное замедление роста. Во многом это вызвано более старой возрастной структурой населения Элисты, способствующей низким значениям числа родившихся и высоким числа умерших.

Применение характеристик естественного движения населения, не зависящих от искажений возрастной структуры, показывает, что и рождаемость, и смертность выше в Кызыле. А в Элисте все население, а также мужчины и женщины по отдельности живут, в среднем, дольше. Миграционные процессы в изучаемых городах схожи, но для Кызыла более характерны повышенная миграционная активность женщин, а также выбытие людей в старших возрастах, что способствует оптимизации возрастной структуры населения.

В силу ограниченности доступа до недавнего времени к статистическим данным на муниципальном уровне, а также недостаточно развитой методологии работы с ними, многие используемые методы и показатели для изучения демографических процессов Кызыла и Элисты применены впервые.
Миграционные процессы в национальных республиках с разным уровнем развития человеческого потенциала (на примере Башкортостана, Татарстана и Тувы)
Authors: Ахметова Гульдар Фаритовна
Published: June 2022

В статье представлен сравнительный анализ некоторых показателей миграции в российских республиках Башкортостан, Татарстан и Тува, которые рассматриваются как регионы с разным уровнем развития человеческого потенциала.

Условия в сфере человеческого развития в Татарстане можно рассматривать как притягивающие факторы миграции. Они способствуют стабильному миграционному приросту населения. В Туве присутствуют отталкивающие факторы, которые ведут к постоянной миграционной убыли. Башкортостан занимает промежуточное положение, может быть близок как к Туве (по характеру межрегионального обмена), так и к Татарстану (по некоторым показателям международной миграции).

Чем выше уровень развития человеческого потенциала в регионе, тем стабильнее и «спокойнее» миграционная ситуация. Наряду с положительными значениями миграционного прироста наблюдается относительно низкая интенсивность внутрирегионального и межрегионального обмена и высокая — международного. Отсутствуют сильные колебания показателей миграции при изменении внешних условий (имеется в виду ситуация с коронавирусной пандемией). Чем ниже уровень развития региона, тем сильнее выражена миграционная убыль населения, интенсивнее протекает обмен в пределах республики и с другими регионами, слабее — с другими странами; наблюдаются большие колебания в значениях миграции при изменении внешних условий. Первая тенденция больше проявляется в Татарстане; вторая — в Туве.

Направленность и интенсивность миграционных процессов зависит и от системы расселения. Это выражается в центро-периферийном характере миграции — стягивании населения в крупные города и поселения, близкие к ним. Это больше проявляется в Башкортостане, отличающимся относительно высокой интенсивностью внутрирегиональной миграции. Отсутствие крупных городов и низкий уровень их социально-экономического развития способствуют активному оттоку населения за пределы республики (что находит выражение в Туве).
Этнодемографические характеристики молодежи в республиках Тыва и Башкортостан
Authors: Гайфуллин Андрей Юрьевич
Published: June 2022

В статье представлены результаты сравнительного анализа этнодемографических характеристик молодежи (14–35 лет) Республики Тыва и Республики Башкортостан. Анализ включает рассмотрение статистических данных, результатов переписи 2010 г., а также результатов социологического исследования в 2021 г., проведенного на территориях республик Тыва и Башкортостан.

Установлено, что республиках наблюдается общероссийская тенденция снижение доли молодежи в общей численности населения. Территориальное расселение молодежи в республиках имеет выраженную отличительную особенность: высока доля молодежи, проживающей в сельской местности. В то же время Республика Тыва, в отличие от Республики Башкортостан, характеризуется более высокой долей молодежи, более высокими показатели рождаемости среди молодежи и увеличением с 2018 г. численности молодежи.

Отмечается размывание чувства национальной принадлежности под воздействием полиэтничного характера проживания, т. е. соседства одного этноса с другими равночисленными этническими группами. Повышение социального капитала, получение социальных гарантий и реализацию своих возможностей также определяется национальной принадлежностью.
Analisis Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Kegiatan Diskusi pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi Angkatan 2021 A Universitas Abdurrab
Authors: Anita Fenny , Murny
Published: June 2022

Language politeness is a rule of behavior that is determined and mutually agreed upon by a particular community. In learning in the classroom requires a polite attitude to communicate, especially in discussion activities. This study was conducted to explain the language politeness of Communication Studies students 2021 A in discussion activities on Indonesian language learning at Abdurrab University. . This type of research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. This research was conducted on students of Communication Studies at Abdurrab University. The data of this research is in the form of utterances spoken by the research subjects. The subject of this research is a student of Communication Science batch 2021 A Abdurrab University. The data collection techniques in this study were tapping techniques, listening-engagement techniques, recording techniques and note-taking techniques. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded as follows: Indonesian language politeness in the presentation and discussion activities of Communication Science students class 2021 A Abdurrab University that there is compliance with Geoffrey Leech's politeness principles, because from (185) speech data, there are (173) speech data of Indonesian language politeness compliance, or in other words, it has a high politeness compliance rate, which is 93.5%, and there are (12) speech data on politeness violations in Indonesian or in other words it has a low politeness violation rate of 6.5%.
Akuisisi Bahasa Anak Akibat Pengaruh Bahasa Minang dan Bahasa Melayu Malaysia
Authors: Hafizah  , 'Ala Faridatul
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to describe the language acquisition of children aged 5 to 6 years influenced by the Minang language and Malaysian language. The research method used was descriptive qualitative by describing children's language skills obtained through interviews with parents and observations. The data was obtained by listening, recording, transcribing, and analyzing. The research subjects were two children named Akbar, aged five years nine months, and Deryl, aged six years two months. The research results showed that the use of Minang language as an influence of his mother tongue and Malaysian language as the influence of the cartoons that he watched continuously in a child's language acquisition, while the use of Malaysian language as the influence of the Malaysian cartoons watched. The conclusion is that the Minang language and Malaysian language influence children's language acquisition.
Analisis Rencana Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Penilaian Berbasis Kelas
Authors: Naryatmojo Deby Luriawati , Wati Maulida Laily Kusuma , Subyantoro
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to understand how to implement class-based assessment in the lesson plan that covered class-based cognitive aspects, class-based affective aspects, and class-based psychomotor aspects. This study used research subjects, including lesson plans and essay review materials on Indonesian topics, level 2 high school lesson plans, fiction text materials, and level 3 high school lesson plans with historical text materials. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. The source of data was three lesson plans with different texts and topics. The reserach findings reveal that the first lesson plan does not include a self-assessment sheet that can be used as an instrument in assessing students' effectiveness. In contrast, the second and third lesson plans have fulfilled all assessment forms related to students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor assessments.
Validitas Aspek Kebahasaan dan Keterbacaan dalam Pengembangan Bahan Ajar MKWU Bahasa Indonesia Berbasis Kearifan Lokal
Authors: Asep Hidayatullah  , Mulyani Sri , Munir Sirojul
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to describe the development of Indonesian language learning materials and determine the feasibility of learning materials' linguistic and legibility aspects. The R & D (Research and Development) method was used to achieve the research objectives. This research was started by assessing the potential and problems, collecting data, designing the product, validating, revising, and testing products. As a result, the learning materials developed in this study were in the form of printed teaching materials, namely brochures. The teaching materials consisted of four components: titles, basic competencies or subject matter, supporting information, and assessments. The development of learning materials focused on basic writing skills, namely the ability to use effective sentences, develop paragraph writing, academic writing, scientific articles, citing rules, and writing a bibliography. The assessment results show that the Indonesian language learning materials developed are in good category, with an average score of 3.75 and a feasibility level of 75% (adequate).
Eksistensi Kepemimpinan Pemerintahan Diantara Krisis Pandemi Covid-19 Dan Digital Disruption
Authors: Kurniawan Iwan
Published: June 2022

Leadership in times of crisis has a vital role, therefore the decisions chosen can improve the situation or make things worse. This article looks at the phenomenon of leadership from two things, namely during the pandemic and the momentum of digital disruption. These two things are closely related and occur simultaneously. No less important than adapting to a new form is conformity to the conditions needed to become something new that people eventually become accustomed to. This article uses a variety of primary and secondary data as well as field facts that have occurred in Indonesia for the past three years and uses a qualitative descriptive method, this method is considered appropriate to explain, describe and analyze this discussion.
Orthogonal enzyme-driven timers for DNA strand displacement reactions
Authors: Bucci Juliette , Irmisch Patrick , Del Grosso Erica , Seidel Ralf , Ricci Francesco
Published: June 2022

Here we demonstrate a strategy to rationally program a delayed onset of toehold-mediated DNA strand-displacement reactions. The approach is based on blocker strands that efficiently inhibit the strand displacement by binding to the toehold domain of the target DNA. Specific enzymatic degradation of the blocker strand subsequently enables the strand displacement reaction. The kinetics of the blocker enzymatic degradation thus controls the time at which the strand displacement reaction starts. By varying the concentration of the blocker strand and the concentration of the enzyme we show that we can finely tune and modulate the delayed onset of the strand displacement reaction. Additionally, we show that the strategy is versatile and can be orthogonally controlled by different enzymes each specifically targeting a different blocker strand. We designed and established three different delayed strand displacement reactions using RNase H and the two DNA repair enzymes Fpg and UDG and corresponding blockers. The achieved temporal delay can be programmed with high flexibility without undesired leak and can be conveniently predicted using kinetic modeling. Finally, we show that the delayed strand displacement reactions can be coupled to downstream processes and used to control the onset of ligand release from a DNA nanodevice as well as protein inhibition by a DNA aptamer.
Catalytic, Z-Selective, Semi-Hydrogenation of Alkynes with a Zinc–Anilide Complex
Authors: Baker Greg , White Andrew , Casely Ian , Grainger Damian , Crimmin Mark
Published: June 2022

The reversible activation of dihydrogen with a molecular zinc anilide complex is reported. The mechanism of this reaction has been probed through stoichiometric experiments and DFT calculations. The combined evidence suggests that H2 activation occurs by addition across the Zn–N bond via a four-membered transition state in which the Zn and N atoms play a dual role of Lewis acid and Lewis base. The zinc hydride complex that results from H2 addition, has been shown to be remarkably effective for the hydrozincation of C=C bonds at modest temperatures. The scope of hy-drozincation includes alkynes, alkenes, and a 1,3-butadiyne. For alkynes, the hydrozincation step is stereospecific leading exclusively to the syn-isomer. Competition experiments show that the hydrozincation of alkynes is faster than the equivalent alkene substrates. These new discoveries have been used to develop an unprecedented catalytic sys-tem for the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes. The catalytic scope includes both aryl and alkyl substituted internal al-kynes and proceeds with high alkene : alkane (96 : 4) and Z : E ratios (>91 : 9). This work offers a first example of selective hydrogenation catalysis using zinc complexes.
Mutation of the eunicellane synthase Bnd4 alters its product profile and expands its prenylation ability
Authors: Xu Baofu , Ning Wenbo , Wei Xiuting , Rudolf Jeffrey
Published: June 2022

Bnd4 catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of the bacterial diterpenoid benditerpenoic acid and was the first eunicellane synthase identified from nature. We investigated the catalytic roles of the aromatic residues in the active site of Bnd4 through a series of mutation studies. These experiments revealed that large hydrophobic or aromatic side chains are required at F162 and Y197 for eunicellane formation and that selected mutations at W316 converted Bnd4 into a cembrane synthase. In addition, the Bnd4Y197A mutant expanded the native prenylation ability of Bnd4 from accepting C5 and C10 prenyl donors to C15. This study supports the mechanism of eunicellane formation by Bnd4 and encourages further engineering of terpene synthases into practical and efficient prenyltransferases.
Regular Solution Theory for Nonlinear Composition Dependency of Enantioselectivity by Mixed Micelle
Authors: Suzuki Nozomu
Published: June 2022

Mixtures of chiral and achiral building blocks of supramolecules exhibit interesting cooperative properties, as indicated by the nonlinear relationship between chiral properties and the mole fraction of chiral building blocks. However, the nonlinear composition dependence of the chiral recognition capability of spherical mixed micelles is poorly understood. This study hypothesized that the phenomenon could be described by the regular solution theory reported to be able to describe critical micelle concentration (CMC) and partition coefficients of the mixed micelle by interaction parameters β and B, respectively. CMC and mole fraction of chiral surfactant in the mixed micelle were simulated by using the theory of varying β and CMC of the two surfactants. Equations that describe the enantioselectivity are newly derived in this work, and the dependency of the enantioselectivity on B was studied in detail. The regular solution theory was applied to the mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) for the first time. It was found that the formula can describe the nonlinear composition dependency of the enantioselectivity of the mixed MEKC. The partition coefficient determined by MEKC was in agreement with the β versus B relation, which was previously reported.
Evolution of Aqueous Electron with Varying Temperature
Authors: Lan Jinggang , V. Rybkin Vladimir , Pasquarello Alfredo
Published: June 2022

The temperature-dependent properties of the aqueous electron have been extensively studied using mixed quantum-classical simulations in a wide range of thermodynamic conditions based on one-electron pseudopotentials. While the cavity model appears to explain most of the physical properties of the aqueous electron, only a non-cavity model has so far been successful in accounting for the temperature dependence of the absorption spectrum. Here, we present an accurate and efficient description of the aqueous electron under various thermodynamic conditions by combining hybrid functional-based molecular dynamics, machine learning techniques, and multiple time-step methods. Our advanced simulations accurately describe the temperature dependence of the absorption maximum in the presence of cavity formation. Specifically, our work reveals that the red shift of the absorption maximum results from an increasing gyration radius with temperature, rather than from global density variations as previously suggested.
Phenolic-rich beverages reduce bacterial TMA formation in an ex vivo-in vitro colonic fermentation model
Authors: Iglesias-Carres Lisard , Racine Kathryn , Neilson Andrew
Published: June 2022

The production of pro-atherogenic trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is dependent on the gut microbiota metabolism of quaternary amines (i.e., choline) into trimethylamine (TMA). Nutritional strategies that target microbial conversion of choline into TMA could reduce cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis burden by reducing subsequent formation of TMAO. This study aimed to evaluate 1) whether beverages rich in known inhibitors of TMA production (chlorogenic acid, catechin and epicatechin) can reduce TMA formation and 2) the effect of upper gastrointestinal digestion on efficacy. To do this, either raw or digested coffee, tea and cocoa beverages were evaluated for their TMA-d9 production inhibition in our ex vivo-in vitro fermentation model with human fecal slurries and choline-d9 substrate. Results showed that digestion was required to unlock the TMA-d9 production inhibition potential of coffee and cocoa beverages, and that teas did not possess a strong inhibition potential either digested or undigested. By fractionating digested bioactive beverages, we determined that those fractions rich in chlorogenic acid were the most bioactive. Overall, this study suggests that regular cocoa and coffee consumption could be a nutritional strategy able to reduce TMAO levels. In vivo studies should be carried out to confirm the potential of these beverages as strategies to inhibit TMA production.
A graceful break-up: serendipitous self-assembly of a ferromagnetically coupled [NiII14] wheel
Authors: Brechin Euan , Agapaki Eleftheria , Singh Mukesh , Canaj Angelos , Nichol Gary , Schnack Jürgen
Published: June 2022

The complex [NiII14(HL2)12(HCOO)14Cl14] describes an aesthetically pleasing wheel displaying ferromagnetic nearest neighbour exchange.
Electric Fields and Charge Separation for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrodes
Authors: Williams Nicholas , Seymour Ieuan , Fraggedakis Dimitrios , Skinner Stephen
Published: June 2022

Activation losses at solid oxide-fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes have been widely attributed to charge transfer at the electrode surface. The electrostatic nature of electrode-gas interactions allows us to study these phenomena by simulating an electric field across the electrode-gas interface, where we are able to describe the activation overpotential using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The electrostatic responses to the electric field are used to approximate the behaviour of an electrode under electrical bias, and have found a correlation with experimental data for three different reduction reactions at a mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) electrode surfaces (H_2O and CO_2 on CeO_2), and {O_2 on LaFeO_3). In this work , we demonstrate the importance of decoupled ion-electron transfer and charged adsorbates on the performance of electrodes under nonequilibrium conditions. Finally, our findings on MIEC-gas interactions have potential implications in the fields of energy storage and catalysis.
Hydride-Enhanced Plating and Stripping of Aluminum from Tri-flate -Based Organic Electrolytes
Authors: Slim Zaher , Menke Erik
Published: June 2022

In the quest for developing rechargeable Al batteries, reversible Al electrodeposition in the absence of active-halides is con-sidered an immense challenge. For this reason, the choice of electrolyte has been primarily limited to the highly corrosive chloroaluminate systems based on AlCl3. In this work, we demonstrate reversible room-temperature Al plating from an ac-tive-halide-free organic electrolyte based on Al(OTF)3 and compare it to the AlCl3-based organic electrolytes. Cyclic volt-ammetry measurements on a gold working electrode reveal oxidative stability of ca. 1.8 V (vs Al/Al3+), and a side reaction likely involving the oxidative generation of H2. From insights obtained by DFT and FTIR, a mechanism for the underlying electrochemical process in the OTF–-based electrolytes is proposed. Al electrodeposition was confirmed by optical microsco-py, SEM and XRD. Characterizing the Al deposits from either the OTF–- or the Cl–-based electrolytes via depth-profile XPS analyses, we find that these deposits consist of metallic Al, Al2O3, and either AlF3 or AlCl3 contaminants arising from a reac-tion with the electrolyte components which occurs during the electrodeposition process.
Türkiye’de Üniversite ve Yüksek Öğretime Dair Telif Eserler (1980’den Günümüze)
Authors: BAŞOĞLU Tuncay
Published: June 2022

Yüksek öğretim ve üniversiteye dair daha önce yazdığım ilk değerlendirme makalesinde Türkiye’de modern yüksek öğretim ve üniversite sistemi kurulurken “Bir üniversite fikri var mıydı veya ciddi bir araştırma, değerlendirme yapıldı mı?” sorusunun cevabını aramıştım. Aynı soru çerçevesinde 1980 yılı sonrası telif eserleri -kitap olarak yayımlananları- değerlendirmeye çalışacağım. 1980 askerî ihtilali sonrasında yüksek öğretim sistemi hem yapı olarak hem de kitleselleşme açısından önemli değişimler geçirmiştir ve bu değişimler, yüksek öğretim tarihi açısından bir dönüm noktası teşkil eder. Türkiye’de yüksek öğretim ve üniversite üzerine son kırk yılda, -daha önceki iki asırlık dönemle mukayese kabul etmeyecek şekilde- kitap, tez ve makale düzeyinde çok sayıda çalışma yayımlanmıştır.
İslam Medeniyetinde Anayasal Kriz: Büyük Fitneden Arap Baharına
Authors: KAVAK Özgür
Published: June 2022

İslam siyaset düşüncesi alanında eser veren en velut akademisyenlerin başında gelen Muhammed Muhtâr eş-Şınkītî, hâlihazırda Katar Hamed b. Halîfe Üniversitesi’nde siyaset ahlakı ve dinler tarihi alanında öğretim üyesi olarak çalışmakta olup yazılarında daha ziyade siyaset felsefesi ve dinî tecdit düşüncesi üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Siyasî düşünce alanında kaleme aldığı el-Hılâfâtü’s-siyâsiyye beyne’s-sahâbe: Risâle fî mekâneti’l-eşhâs ve kudsiyyetü’l-mebâdi’ [Sahabe Arasındaki Siyasi İhtilaflar: Kişilerin Konumu ve İlkelerin Yüceliği] (Beyrut: eş-Şebeketü’l-Arabiyyetü li’l-ebhâsi ve’n-neşr, 2013) başlıklı kitabından sonra klasik ve çağdaş İslam siyaset düşüncesi meselelerini harmanlayarak telif ettiği el-Ezmetü’d-düstûriyye fi’l-hadârati’l-İslâmiyye: Mine’l-fitneti’l-kübrâ ile’r-rebîi’l-Arabî [İslam Medeniyetinde Anayasal Kriz: Büyük Fitneden Arap Baharına] başlıklı kitabı 2018 yılında Katar’da yayımlanmıştır.
Josef van Ess (1934-2021)
Authors: GÖRGÜN Hilal , GÖRGÜN Tahsin
Published: June 2022

20 Kasım 2021’de Tübingen’de nevi şahsına münhasır bir bilim adamı, kendi deyişiyle bir “kültür bilimcisi” (Kulturwissenschaftler) olan Josef van Ess hayata gözlerini yumdu. Naziler’in iktidara gelişinden bir yıl sonra dünyaya gelen Josef van Ess hakkında konuşmak biraz da II. Dünya Harbi sonrası Alman oryantalizmi kadar Alman siyasî ve kültür tarihini de incelemek demektir. Zira Josef van Ess sadece dar anlamda “bilimsel konularda” yazmamış, aynı zamanda bu bilimin “yapılış şekli” ve “yapıldığı ortam” hakkında da önemli bilgiler vermiş, değerlendirmelerde bulunmuştur. XX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında başladığı akademik hayatına ileri yaşlarında XXI. yüzyılda da devam etmesi ve çok sayıda eserin altına imza atması onu Alman oryantalizminin zirvesine taşıdı. Çalışmaları sadece Batı’da değil, kendine konu edindiği “Doğu”da da takdirle karşılandı ve en üst dereceden çeşitli ödüllerle taltif edildi. Josef van Ess’in çalışkanlığının yanı sıra dikkat çeken özelliği, içinden geldiği oryantalist geleneğe sıkı sıkıya bağlı olması ve İslam medeniyetinin “kurucu metinleri”ne bu bağlamda yaklaşmasıdır.
Systematic review on reducing missed opportunities for vaccinations in Latin America
Authors: Tampi Malavika , Carrasco-Labra Alonso , O’Brien Kelly K. , Velandia-González Martha , Brignardello-Petersen Romina
Published: June 2022

Objectives.

To estimate the prevalence of missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) in Latin America and the effect of interventions targeting health systems, health workers, patients, and communities on MOV.

Methods.

Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and LILACS electronic databases and relevant organizations were contacted, including the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), to identify studies meeting eligibility criteria. A pair of reviewers identified 27 randomized and non-randomized studies quantifying the effectiveness of any intervention for reducing MOV and 5 studies assessing the rate of MOV in Latin America. Results are reported narratively when criteria to pool results were not met, and the certainty of this evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.

Results.

Evidence suggests the rate of MOV in Latin America ranged from 5% to 37% with a pooled estimate of 17% (95% CI [9, 32]) (low certainty) and that monetary incentives to healthcare teams, training for healthcare teams on how to communicate with patients, and educational interventions for caregivers probably reduce MOV (moderate to very low certainty).

Conclusions.

There is insufficient evidence supporting the implementation of any intervention as policy based only on the potential reduction of MOV without considering several factors, including costs, feasibility, acceptability, and equity.
Replanejar com a Paisagem: uma Abordagem Multimétodo sobre a Adoção de Infraestrutura Verde para Bacias Hidrográficas em Urbanização
Authors: Rodrigues dos Santos Junior Edimilson , Bontempi Rhennan Mecca , Fantin Marcel
Published: June 2022

This article is part of a framework of approaching different practical and conceptual matrices to interventions in the landscape. Considering the context of the Córrego Mineirinho watershed, in São Carlos (SP), the objectives focused on discussing and systematizing local urban-environmental problems; and identify locational alternatives to the installation of green infrastructure based on the provision of ecosystem services. For this, a methodological design was drawn, starting with a adapted Systematic Bibliographic Review about the study site; the construction of a hydrological model to analyze the installation of green infrastructure; and walks in the basin with a view to forming impressions about preferred locations for the adoption of these technologies. The results indicated the insufficiency of the practical-conceptual matrix that has guided interventions in Mineirinho, as well as highlighting the potential of alternatives based on green infrastructureKeywords: Green Infrastructure, Ecosystem Services, Landscape. Replanejar com a Paisagem: uma abordagem multimétodo sobre a adoção de infraestrutura verde para bacias hidrográficas em urbanização R E S U M OEste artigo se insere num quadro de aproximação de diferentes matrizes práticas e conceituais à intervenção na paisagem. Considerando-se o contexto da bacia do Córrego Mineirinho, em São Carlos (SP), os objetivos se concentraram em discutir e sistematizar as problemáticas urbano-ambientais locais; e identificar alternativas locacionais à instalação de infraestrutura verde com base no oferecimento de serviços ecossistêmicos. Para isso, foi traçado um desenho metodológico iniciado por uma Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática adaptada sobre o local de estudo; a construção de um modelo hidrológico comparativo à instalação de infraestrutura verde; e caminhadas na bacia com vistas à formação de impressões sobre localidades preferenciais à adoção dessas tecnologias. Os resultados indicaram a insuficiência da matriz prático-conceitual que tem orientado as intervenções no Mineirinho, como também iluminaram o potencial de alternativas fundamentadas na infraestrutura verde.Palavras-chave: Infraestrutura verde, Serviços Ecossistêmicos, Paisagem.
Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed substance use patterns, drug market and drug response in Poland?
Authors: Malczewski Artur , Kidawa Michał , Dalmata Małgorzata
Published: June 2022

The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the prevalence of substance use. Moreover, the analysis will focus on the impact of the pandemic on the drug market and drug-related crime in Poland. The tested hypothesis assumes that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the prevalence of substance use and the related problems, and that the availability of drugs decreased. The data presented and processed for the purposes of this publication come from the monitoring of drugs and drug addiction and from different studies from 2020 to 2022. The analyses presented in the article do not show an increase in the use of psychoactive substances during the pandemic; furthermore, it is possible to indicate a decrease in the consumption of alcoholic beverages in 2020. It seems that the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a large impact on the availability and use of new psychoactive substances (NPS). The analysis of the drug market during the pandemic COVID-19 did not show a fall in the availability of drugs at the national level.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on drug markets, prevention and treatment in Ukraine
Authors: Bevz Maria
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to highlight some issues, challenges and trends caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the drug scene and the system of drug prevention in Ukraine. This article is based on the official statistics, available qualitative and quantitative studies conducted by the Institute for Psychiatry, Forensic Psychiatric Examination and Drug Monitoring of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (Ukrainian National Focal Point), the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) and Ukrainian researchers. Of course, some studies are not representative of the general population; however, they give some information on the drug scene in Ukraine during the pandemic. The data used in the article were collected mainly in 2019–2020. Every actor on the drug scene had to adapt to the new reality caused by anti-pandemic measures. Drug sellers proposed “stable work” during lockdown; drug dealers dropped ordered substances closer to the customer’s place. At the same time, OST facilities implemented home-treatment, and many private facilities appeared. OST patients misused methadone and sold it on the illicit market, while drug users started to find substitutes of their main drug and notably increased drug-related deaths.
A DEMOCRACIA NA GESTÃO ESCOLAR
Authors: PANKE VivianePaz Brittes
Published: June 2022

O presente estudo constitui-se numa pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica e descritiva. Seu objetivo é compreender a forma como ocorre o processo democrático na gestão pública escolar e a sua importância na formação de um espaço de participação e de formação cidadã. O estudo descreve as origens do processo democrático da gestão escolar, sua legalização a partir da promulgação da Constituição Federal em 1988 e a sua normatização com a Lei das Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (Lei nº 9.394/1996), o papel do gestor escolar nesse contexto, a prática desse processo no dia a dia da escola pública e as perspectivas de manutenção e melhoria desse modelo de gestão escolar. Para a realização da pesquisa foram realizadas buscas em artigos publicados em meio eletrônico, onde se destacam Bordignon e Gracindo (2002), Libâneo (2005), Oliveira (2005), O estudo permite compreender a importância do processo democrático na gestão escolar pública, em que a coletividade, representada pela Associação de Pais, Mestres e Funcionários (APMF), Conselho Escolar, Grêmio Estudantil e Conselhos de Classe atuam em conjunto em prol do atendimento das necessidades da escola e dos seus alunos.
Influencia de las biocostras en el flujo de CO2 en el matorral desértico micrófilo del altiplano mexicano
Authors: Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Maritza , Mendoza-Aguilar Dinorah O. , Pando-Moreno Marisela , González-Rodríguez Humberto
Published: June 2022

El CO2 del suelo se produce por la mineralización de la materia orgánica y la respiración de organismos del suelo. Las biocostras contribuyen a dicho f lujo y son claves en el funcionamiento de ecosistemas áridos y semiáridos. Esta investigación se realizó en áreas de matorral desértico micróf ilo donde se seleccionaron cuatro microambientes: área abierta sin biocostras (Aa), área abierta con biocostras (AaC), bajo planta sin biocostras (Bp) y bajo planta con biocostras (BpC). Las biocostras estuvieron constituidas predominantemente por líquenes y cianobacterias. Se probaron las siguientes hipótesis: i) las biocostras contribuyen, en mayor medida que las plantas vasculares de estas áreas, a la respiración del suelo; ii) la respiración del suelo es mayor en los microambientes con biocostras que en áreas abiertas sin biocostras; iii) las tasas de respiración del suelo aumentan conforme aumenta la temperatura del suelo, independientemente de la presencia/ausencia de biocostras. La respiración se midió in situ con un equipo EGM-4 con cámara cerrada de respiración de suelo. Los datos se analizaron mediante pruebas de Kruskal Wallis y U de Mann Whitney. La relación entre temperatura y tasa de respiración de suelo se evaluó mediante correlación de Spearman. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron en el programa SPSS® Statistics versión 19. Los resultados mostraron que la tasa de respiración promedio (3.03 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) fue mayor en suelo con biocostras que sin éstas. Las tasas de respiración dif irieron entre micrositios. Los microambientes AaC, BpC y Bp presentaron mayores tasas de respiración y fueron iguales entre sí y diferentes de Aa; si bien este último fue igual a Bp. Los resultados mostraron una relación positiva entre respiración y temperatura del suelo para todos los microambientes. Se concluye que las tasas de respiración fueron mayores en las áreas que presentaban cobertura de biocostras ≥ 40%, tanto en presencia como en ausencia de plantas vasculares, que en suelo sin biocostras.
Kaynak odaklılığı yeniden okumak Antoine Berman ve çeviri anlayışı
Authors: ÖZCAN Lale
Published: June 2022

Kaynak odaklı kuramcılar arasında en sık adı geçen, hatta çoğu çeviribilimci tarafından kaynak odaklılığın öncü isimlerinden biri olarak kabul edilen Fransız çeviribilimci Antoine Berman aslında çeviri ereği, amacı, etiği ve ahlakı ekseninde oluşturmuş olduğu genel çeviri kuramında kaynak ve erek odaklılık gibi karşıt ikili tanımlamalara karşı çıkar. Berman, çeviri kuramını oluşturmak ve çeviri uygulaması üzerine düşünmek isteyen herkesi çeviri olgusunu çok daha derin, felsefi ve bilimsel düzlemde tartışmaya çağırır. Makalemizdeki amacımız bu çağrıyı netleştirmek, bu çağrının derinliğini ve felsefi boyutunu gözler önüne sermek ve buradan yola çıkarak araştırmacıları klasik kaynak odaklılık tanımını gözden geçirmeye davet etmektir. Bu maksatla, Berman’ın genel çeviri kuramının yeniden okumasını kaynak odaklılık etiketini değerlendiren bir ölçekte yapmaya çalışacağız. Kaynak odaklılığa farklı bir bakış açısı getirmek üzere Berman’ın görüşleri uzantısında çeviri uygulamasında ve düşüncesinde ahlak, erek, amaç ve öz kavramlarını ele alacağız. Böylece Berman’ın ve kaynak odaklı çeviri düşüncesinin, “sözcüğü sözcüğüne çeviri” savunuculuğunun çok ötesine uzanan derin ve felsefi boyutuna dikkat çekmeye çalışacağız.
Lecciones fundamentales de comercio exterior para millennials: lo que se debe saber Tomo II
Authors: Cruz Cruz Mario , Hidalgo Gallardo Amada , Hernández Valdés Patricia Elena
Published: June 2022

El comercio exterior es una de las actividades humanas que dinamiza todo el espectro social, redefine los patrones de consumo, organiza los proceso de trabajo, reconfigura los territorios, los saberes y segmente el mercado e nuna multiplicidad de consumidores.
Avances en el desarrollo de ingredientes naturales bioactivos con uso en cosmetología
Authors: Gutierrez-Vences Alma Yesenia , Llanas-Meraz Alejandra , Viveros-Valdez Ezequiel
Published: June 2022

Los productos naturales juegan un papel relevante como fuente de ingredientes biológicamente activos con importancia cosmética y dermatológica. En los últimos años, los cosméticos basados en productos naturales han ganado una gran cantidad de atención no solo por parte de los investigadores sino también del público debido a la creencia general de que son mejores a los sintéticos, además de ser inofensivos, lo cual  no necesariamente podría ser cierto, por lo que en este artículo se aborda la ciencia detrás de la formulación en los denominados cosméticos naturales, así como una descripción general de los ingredientes activos naturales que se pueden encontrar en ellos. Profundizamos en algunas pruebas: in vitro, in silico y ex vivo, utilizadas para analizar su efectividad como fotoprotectores solares, antienvejecimiento, anti-hiperpigmentación y toxicidad, así mismo se aborda la controversia que genera el uso de pruebas in vivo.
Editorial Foreword
Authors: Kamal Abdulaziz Abdelrahman
Published: June 2022

Editorial Foreword
Effect of Freezing and Subsequent Storage Processes on the Gooseberries Quality
Authors: Golub Olga V. , Chekryga Galina P. , Paimulina Anastasia V. , Motovilova Natalia V. , Motovilov Oleg K.
Published: June 2022

The biochemical composition of fruit raw materials depends on many factors including the pomological variety, processing technologies, etc. The research of the influence of freezing and subsequent storage processes on the pomological variety quality of gooseberry berries, differing in physiological characteristics, is relevant and timely. The research purpose is to study the influence of freezing and subsequent storage of gooseberry berries of the pomological variety “Vladil” on its quality characteristics. A man run the study of fresh and frozen gooseberry berries by standard methods: the berries were frozen in the traditional way at an air temperature of –32 ° C to the final temperature in the center of the berry layer –18 ° C; frozen products were stored at a temperature of –18 ° C and a relative humidity of no more than 95 % in polymer bags weighing 0.5 kg. According to the research results, the freezing process does not significantly affect the change in the content of dry substances, including sugars, organic acids, mineral matters, as well as a number of minor defects. During storage, there were a slight increase in the content of dry substances, including mineral, and a significant increase in organic acids; an insignificant decrease in sugars, and a significant decrease in ascorbic acid. During storage, there is a change in commercial varieties and quality categories of frozen gooseberries due to the permissible defects, leading to a decrease in organoleptic ratings of products. After freezing gooseberry berries, there were the magnitude decrease in the number of mesophilic-aerobic and facultative-anaerobic microorganisms, the absence of bacteria of the Escherichia coli group, pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria of the genus Salmonella in the microbiota; there was a slight decrease in the number of mold fungi, the number of yeast forms decreased significantly in the fungal microbiota. The researchers made the following conclusion: the studied gooseberry berries can be subjected to contact unilateral freezing and subsequent storage under standard conditions.