bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some features of agricultural economy in Nam Dan District, Nghe An Province in the first half of the nineteenth century
Authors:   Nghe An Pedagogical College, Quoc Bao TRAN
Published: September 2022

In the first half of the nineteenth century, facing the economic difficulties, the Nguyen Dynasty implemented policies of agrarian agriculture focus with measures to manage cultivated land, stabilize and develop the agricultural economy. These policies have had a great impact on rural agriculture in the whole country in general and in Nam Dan District, Nghe An Province in particular. Based on the source of land register and historical surveys, the article describes the picture of Nam Dan agricultural economy under the Nguyen Dynasty in the first half of the nineteenth century, thereby contributing to clarifying advantages and difficulties of the land which is considered “the center of Nghe An land” in the development of the agricultural economy.
The Chinese community during the development process of Singapore
Authors:   Faculty of of Social Sciences Education, Vinh University, Hai Yen TON NU
Published: September 2022

The Chinese community in Singapore was formed from the 1820s after the British colonialists occupied Temaseck in 1819. As of 2019, 74% of the Singaporean population is Chinese origin. The Chinese community has developed inside a sovereign state with a multi-ethnic cooperation environment, developed economy and comprehensive international integration from the 1960s. However, Chinese cultural identity in the Chinese community has been preserved with a rather specific nuance, and they increasingly play a greater role in the country’s economic, social and cultural life. From a historical perspective, by exploiting government statistics as well as inheriting the results of previous scientists’ research, the article discusses the foundation and changes of the Chinese community in Singapore in the context of the development process of this country.
Reliability assessment of composite steel-reinforced concrete beam using Monte Carlo simulation
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Vinh University, Trong Ha NGUYEN , Ngoc Long TRAN ,   Civil Engineering Department, Vinh University, Thanh Phuc VO ,   Graduate students of course 26 - Civil Engineering, Vinh University, Vinh Long TRAN ,   Graduate students of course 26 - Civil Engineering, Vinh University
Published: September 2022

This research presents a reliability assessment of composite steel-reinforced concrete beam with the input parameters are random variables. The uncertainty model was constructed based on the deterministic model of design composites steel-reinforced concrete beam according to Eurocode-4 by taking into account the randomness of some input parameters and Monte Carlo simulation. The Matlab-based calculation program allows the authors to perform digital investigation. This initial research result is a prerequisite for further research for other types of structures and taking into account the various random variables.
On existence of fixed points for generalized Geraghty type almost cyclic contractions in b-metric spaces
Authors:   Vinh University, Nghe An, Viet Nam, Huy Hoang DINH , Thi Ngoc Thao TRAN ,   Ham Thuan Bac High School, Binh Thuan, Vietnam
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we estalibsh the existence and uniqueness of fixed point for generalized Geraghty type of almost cyclic contraction mappings in b-metric spaces. These results extend and generalize well-known results in [2], [4], [6], [7].
On the class of spaces of summable family
Authors:   Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam, Phuong Chi KIEU , The Tan MAI ,   Office of Education District 11, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam, Duc Kien DUONG ,   aculty of Basic Science, Ly Tu Trong College, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we construct the Banach space of summable families of numbers. The results are natural extension of the space of number sequences (see [3], [4], [5]).
Factors affecting current cultured family building in Hai Duong Province
Authors:   Red Star University, Hai Duong, Thi Hai Ha NGUYEN
Published: September 2022

Building cultured families is a mission defined by the Party in the Party Congresses. Implementing the Party’s policy, the building of cultured families in Hai Duong Province has achieved many results but has also had several limitations. The building cultured families in Hai Duong Province is currently influenced by many factors. The paper goes into study and analysis of some impacts on the building of cultured families in Hai Duong Province today.
The “Chinese issue” at the Versailles Conference (1919-1920)
Authors:   Institute of Social Pedagogy, Vinh University, Van Tuan NGUYEN
Published: September 2022

After the end of World War I, the Versailles Conference was held by the victorious nations in order to divide the world and re-establish order and security. In the conference, the “Chinese issue” was discussed and resolved, which had a great influence on Chinese history and international relations. In this paper, the author focuses on the resolution process of the “Chinese issue” at this conference. Especially, the conference hosting countries made their plans, negotiations, bargains, and arrangements to solve the "China issue" for the benefits of powerful countries.Thence, comments on the impact on China and the world was brought up.
Changes in urban space in Vinh City in the urbanization process (1974 - 2008)
Authors:   File Security Division, General Department of Security, Ministry of Public Security, Thi Kim Sang NGUYEN
Published: September 2022

The article focuses on clarifying changes in urban space in Vinh City in the process of urbanization since the reconstruction and rebuilding of Vinh City were started on May 1, 1974, until Vinh was recognized as a first-class city under the direction of Nghe An Province on September 5, 2008. The research results of the article hopefully make effective contributions to the research of the urbanization process in Vinh City during the last two centuries.
Ho Chi Minh’s thought on people's national defense and practical value for the national construction and protection in the course period
Authors:   University of Politics, Ministry of National Defense, Quang Dung TRAN , Thanh Tuan NGUYEN ,   Academy of Politics, Ministry of National Defense
Published: September 2022

Ho Chi Minh's thought on building an all-people national defense is one of the basic contents in his system of views on the Vietnamese revolution; is the result of the process of creative application and development of Marxist-Leninist military views and ideas, inheriting and developing the nation's unique military cultural heritages, selectively absorbing world military elite. Faced with the new requirements of the cause of national construction and defense, that thought of HO CHI MINH should continue to be thoroughly grasped and applied creatively in practice, especially in building a solid all-people national defense, actively contribute to the work of "preserving the country since the country is not in danger", protecting the theoretical foundation of the Party and firmly defending the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the new situation.
Training to improve the management capacity of educational activities for children sexual violation preventing in secondary school for management officers
Authors:   Politics School of Nghe An Province, Thi Hoai Chung LE , Van Thanh THAI ,   Nghe An Department of Education and Training
Published: September 2022

To meet the requirements of innovation, improve the quality of comprehensive education, and integrate internationally in the current context, the management of educational activities to prevent and combat sexual abuse of students in educational institutions is extremely necessary and urgent. The basic factor to achieve effective management of educational activities to prevent sexual abuse of students in educational institutions is the management capacity of educational administrators in general, including the secondary school management team. Based on the improvement of the quality of educational activities on prevention and combating sexual abuse for students, the article proposes the process of organizing training to improve the management capacity for secondary school administrators.
Pengembangan Kemampuan Mahasiswa Dalam Teknologi Miusik, Melalui Implementasi Pembelajaran Sofware Digital Audio Workstation
Authors: Saeadmin  , Fransiskus Rendy, B.Com, M.A.B
Published: September 2022

This research is expected to be able to decide the most common way to execute Sound Workstation computerized programming learning media in the Music Innovation course of the UNJ Music Expression Instruction Study Program. Furthermore, this exam is relied on to increase knowledge for teachers and students (students) see DAW programming as a computerized capability for 21st century music schools. This examination technique uses a subjective technique with an activity research approach (participatory activity research). This exam uses open meetings to analyze and understand the perspectives, perspectives, sentiments, and behaviors of people and study groups. Evaluate the feasibility and proficiency of running DAW programming in the assembly of melodic works. A consequence of the review shows that music innovation courses are organized to play an important role in coordinating innovation in schools. Then again, the use of innovation in learning exercises is complemented by the ultimate goal of working on the quality of training. Innovation can provide broad, fast, powerful and effective adoption of data dissemination across countries.
Perancangan Alat Penyortir Buah Tomat Berbasis Arduino Uno
Authors: Hanafie Ahmad , Baco Syarifuddin , Kamarudding
Published: September 2022

Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum syn. Lycopersicum esculentum) adalah tanaman dari famili Solanaceae, asli Amerika Tengah dan Selatan. Tomat merupakan komoditas penunjang pangan yang menjadi kebutuhan mata pencaharian di Desa Janggurara. Proses identifikasi pemilahan buah tomat berdasarkan warna dan ukuran buah tomat masih menggunakan cara manual, petani membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan mengalami kesalahan dalam penyortiran ukuran buah tomat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang sistem penyortir buah tomat otomatis menggunakan mikrokontroler untuk mengurangi tingkat kesalahan dalam pemilihan ukuran dan warna serta efisiensi waktu yang lebih cepat. Metode pengujian yang digunakan adalah analisis data dengan metode deskriptif untuk mengumpulkan data kemudian diklarifikasi, dianalisis, kemudian diinterpretasikan. Hasil pengujian penelitian menggunakan motor servo sebagai penggerak jalur tomat untuk mendeteksi warna buah yang diuji oleh sensor warna dan pemisahan tomat sesuai warna dan ukuran akan masuk ke wadah. Kesimpulan dari pengujian desain mesin penyortir buah tomat dapat menyortir tomat secara otomatis, dapat mempermudah dalam pemilihan tomat dan keberhasilan alat/sistem kontrol ini adalah 80%.
Rancang Bangun Jaringan Hotspot Berbasis Mikrotik Di Fakultas Teknik Universitas Islam Makassar
Authors: Haslindah Andi , Kamal  , Suratno  , Munir Muh.Mahatir
Published: September 2022

Fakultas Teknik UIM memiliki bandwith sebanyak 190 Mbps, dimana bandwith tersebut dibagi ke 6 ruangan yaitu ruangan dekan, wakil dekan, tata usaha, kaprodi, dosen dan laboratorium. Rata-rata setiap ruangan mendapatkan bandwith sebesar 32 Mbps, jika tiap ruangan terdapat 10 user dengan kecepatan sebesar 3Mbps, tentunya sangat kurang yang mengakibatkan jaringan sering terputus serta kecepatan akses jaringan lambat. Penelitian bertujuan merancang dan membangun jaringan hotspot berbasis MikroTik RouterOS untuk, mereparasi masalah koneksi jaringan yang masih lambat akibat limitasi bandwith peruser yang sangat kecil. Metode penelitian yang digunakan Research and Development (R&D) dimana penelitian dilakukan pada jaringan dan dikembangkan menjadi jaringan hotspot berbasis MikroTik RouterOS. Mikrotik dikonfigurasi akan menampilkan jaringan hotspot pada interface user kemudian memberikan ip secara dhcp kepada user yang akan login agar bisa dibawa kehalaman login hotspot. User yang berhasil login akan secara otomatis terbagi kedalam beberapa user profile sesuai dengan ip dan user profile yang digunakan saat login. Tiap user akan mendapatkan limitasi bandwith dan proteksi firewall yang telah dikonfigurasi. Kesimpulan tidak ditemukan masalah selama konfigurasi mikrotik dan konfigurasi berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan serta pendistribusian jaringan menjadi lebih baik.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Pemanggil Nomor Antrian Loket Pelayanan Bank Dan Akademik Universitas Islam Makassar
Authors: Abbas Hammada , Sajiah  , Aresky Andy Reza , Bhayangkara A
Published: September 2022

Loket pelayanan bank dan akademik Universitas Islam Makassar masih menggunakan antrian konvensional, dimana proses pemanggilan harus menunggu instruksi langsung dari karyawan yang membuat pelayanan menjadi lambat sehingga mengakibatkan waktu banyak terbuang serta pelayanan tidak optimal. Tujuan penelitian merancang aplikasi pemanggil nomor antrian sesuai urutan kedatangan, guna mempermudah proses pelayanan administrasi keuangan dan akademik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah research and development yaitu mengamati sistem pelayanan administrasi yang berjalan, membuat desain aplikasi antrian dengan menerapkan fungsi pemanggilan kedalam coding program. Metode pengujian yang digunakan adalah black-box testing dimana pengujiannya berfokus pada fungsi tampilan dan input/output tanpa mengetahui struktur kode atau program. Hasil pengujian aplikasi antrian dimulai dengan mahasiswa memilih salah satu dari jenis layanan yaitu bank dan akademik. Selanjutnya petugas login ke aplikasi untuk menginput data loket yaitu nama petugas,loket pelayanan bank atau akademik dan nomor loket yang dituju, kemudian petugas mengklik tombol panggilan berikutnya, otomatis aplikasi akan memanggil antrian dengan pengeras suara. Kesimpulannya, sistem cetak nomor dan pemanggilan antrian dengan pengeras suara dapat bekerja dengan baik dan diimplementasikan.
Prototype Lemari Pengering Pakaian Dengan Suhu Panas Berbasis Arduino Uno
Authors: Baco Syarifuddin , Alamsyah Nur , Maulani Arif Fitri , Armida Suci
Published: September 2022

Perubahan cuaca yang tidak menentu menyebabkan hujan turun terus menerus, sehingga pakaian sudah di cuci akan lama kering dan lembab. Proses dilakukan di tempat udara terbuka serta memerlukan ruang yang cukup besar. Tujuan penelitian ini merancang alat prototype lemari pengering pakaian yang bisa mengeringkan pakaian dan mengetahui tingkat kekeringan pakaian secara otomatis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development dimana proses mengembangkan sistem alat pengering pakaian yang sebelumnya menggunakan lampu kini disempurnakan dengan menggunakan hair dryer yaitu kawat nikelin dan blower AC. Hasil pengujian sistem alat diawali dengan waktu diatur oleh timer arduino dan suhu diatur oleh sensor DHT-11. Alat akan berhenti bekerja sampai batas suhu yang ditetapkan dan menyala kembali setelah turun hingga 3 derajat celcius. Sistem pengeringan memiliki 3 kategori pengeringan yaitu pertama waktu 30 menit dengan suhu 46 derajat celcius dengan berbahan diamond, kedua waktu 56 menit dengan suhu 50 derajat celcius dengan berbahan wolfis dan yang ketiga waktu 60 menit dengan suhu 50 derajat celcius dengan berbahan polycotton. Kesimpulan alat yang dipasangkan pada hair dryer yaitu kawat nikelin dan blower ac, tingkat keakuratan 90% dan dapat beroperasi dengan sangat baik.
Fauna parasitaria de dos peces del género satanoperca (cichlidae): una revisión de las investigaciones realizadas en el siglo XXI
Authors: Chu Koo Fred William , Chu-Ochoa Yeng Fred , Alvan-Aguilar Miriam Adriana
Published: September 2022

Los cíclidos, son peces de climas cálidos que presentan una rica variedad de patrones de coloración, comportamiento, hábitos alimenticios y tamaños. Los cíclidos del género Satanoperca están ampliamente distribuidos en la región oriental de América del Sur y son peces que tienen importancia económica en la industria ornamental y como peces de consumo humano directo. Las enfermedades causadas por agentes parasitarios afectan a la industria acuícola para producción de carne como también a los criadores de peces con fines ornamentales. Se hizo una revisión en todas las bases de datos bibliográficos disponibles en internet, de los parásitos reportados en el periodo 2001 - 2022 en las especies Satanoperca jurupari y S. pappaterra. Se reportó un total de 18 trabajos publicados sobre la materia de estudio en los últimos 21 años, siendo el 94,44% de ellos de autoría de investigadores brasileños. Los tres grupos de parásitos más diversos que se reportaron infestando a estos dos cíclidos fueron los siguientes: Nematoda y Digenea con seis especies, y Monogenea con cinco especies. A diferencia de Satanoperca pappaterra que solo registró un total de ocho parásitos, S. jurupari fue infestado por un total de 24 parásitos.
Clima laboral y engagement en una entidad prestadora de servicios de salud en el nororiente peruano, en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Trigozo-Pezo Carmen Joesy , Sánchez-Rodríguez Marisa Fiorella , Troya-Palomino David , Cruz-Tarrillo Jose Joel
Published: September 2022

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la correlación entre el clima laboral y el engagement en los colaboradores del Hospital II Tarapoto - EsSalud. En este estudio, se utilizó la metodología para una investigación básica, de enfoque cuantitativo, nivel descriptivo-correlacional y un diseño no experimental. Asimismo, la muestra fue no probabilística con un total de 180 participantes. La técnica fue la encuesta y los instrumentos fueron sometidos a la fiabilidad alfa de Cronbach: CL-SPC con un resultado de 0,962 y UWES-17 con un resultado de 0,926. La prueba de normalidad de Kolmogorov-Smirnov determinó el empleo del coeficiente de Rho Spearman. Los resultados evidencian que el clima laboral y el engagement son regulares (78,9% y 56,1%, respectivamente). Además, existe relación significativa entre el clima laboral y el engagement con un p-valor = 0,000 y el Rho Spearman = 0,566**, lo cual indica que la relación es moderada.
Assessment of satisfaction level among patients toward services provided by dental clinics: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Al Ateeq Nada Fahad Saleh , Aljalban Budur Abdullah Mohammad , Alazmi Nawal Fahad Saleh , Aljalban Ashwaq Abdullah Mohammad , Alharbi Talal Awad A , Alanazi Mona Rubayyi R
Published: September 2022

Background: Although, patient satisfaction is an important factor of the quality of health care, few studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to assess the satisfaction of patients toward health care services in dental clinics. Thus, in this study we aim to assess patient satisfaction with healthcare services in the dental clinics in Saudi Arabia using The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short-Form (PSQ-18). Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted among patients who were admitted to dental clinics in order to assess the satisfaction level toward health services using The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18) that was distributed among the participants using online Google sheets. Results: In this study, we were able to collect data from 300 patients who went to private and governmental dental clinics and who agreed to participate in this study. Among the participants, 37.3 % were younger than 30 years old and 71.0 % of the participants were females and 96.3 % of the participants were Saudi Arabian. In general, 54.3 % of the participants were satisfied with the health service provided by the dental clinics. The results of the study showed that age was a significant factor affecting the satisfaction level of the participants (P=0.001) while there is no significant difference between genders considering satisfaction (55.42 vs 54.35). Furthermore, higher education of the participants was associated with higher level of satisfaction (P=0.002) where housewives reported the lowest level of satisfaction and students had the highest level of satisfaction (P=0.005). There is no significant difference in satisfaction between participants depending on type of clinics (P=0.963), type of the visit (P=0.841), waiting time (P=0.45), distance of the dentist (P=0.082) or location (P=0.124). Conclusion: This study showed slightly more than half of the patients of dental clinics were satisfied with health services provided by the clinics especially considering technical aspects. Older patients, non-Saudi patients, less educated patients, and those with lower income showed lower level of satisfaction. Keywords: satisfaction, dental clinics, Saudi Arabia
Entendimento do Controle de TAGs nas Redes Sociais
Authors: Pereira Natanael , Alves Laura , Marin Regina
Published: September 2022

As redes sociais (RS) oferecem diversas funcionalidades e opções de configurações de privacidade. No entanto, os seus usuários apresentam dificuldades em entendê-las, em especial quando ocorre o uso de TAG. Como consequência ocorre divulgação excessiva das informações e perda de controle dos dados dos usuários. Para remediar essa situação propõe-se a modelagem de cenários e interfaces através de regras de controle de acesso dos usuários baseadas em TAG. Como resultado preliminar obteve-se que as interfaces auxiliam no aprimoramento do entendimento do funcionamento das TAGs e do conhecimento dos usuários em relação aos impactos na privacidade de demais usuários.
On the Malware Detection Problem: Challenges & Novel Approaches
Authors: Botacin Marcus , de Geus Paulo , Grégio André
Published: September 2022

Many solutions to detect malware have been proposed over time, but effective and efficient malware detection still remains an open problem. In this work, I take a look at some malware detection challenges and pitfalls to contribute towards increasing system’s malware detection capabilities. I propose a new approach to tackle malware research in a practical but still scientific manner and leverage this approach to investigate four issues: (i) the need for understanding context to allow proper detection of localized threats; (ii) the need for developing better metrics for AntiVirus (AV) evaluation; (iii) the feasibility of leveraging hardware-software collaboration for efficient AV implementation, and (iv) the need for predicting future threats to allow faster incident responses.
Uma proposta para avaliacção de confiança em redes VANETs
Authors: Pandini Eduardo , Matos Fernando Menezes , Santos Aldri , Fiorese Adriano
Published: September 2022

A confiabilidade a respeito das informações é fator crucial para a execucção de tarefas computacionais e segurança de sistemas e usuários. Essa característica é ainda mais importante quando dados sensíveis, sejam pessoais ou de terceiros estejam envolvidos. É o que acontece na dinâmica de comunicação, seja de captura ou disseminação de eventos, em redes veiculares ad hoc (VANET). Assim, uma das formas de se modelar tal confiabilidade é por meio da análise comportamental dos envolvidos em tal rede, de forma que ao longo do tempo se consiga correlacionar tal análise com algum grau de reputação. Nesse caso, esse grau de reputação pode ser utilizado como mecanismo de verificação da confiabilidade seja da informação sendo transmitida de forma indireta, ou de forma mais direta, da confiabilidade do emissor, trazendo para o sistema segurança contra vulnerabilidades provocadas por participantes maliciosos. Sendo assim, este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta fundamentada em princípios de reputação para fortalecer a segurança dos sistemas e usuários de redes VANET.
Additive Manufacturing. Guidelines for Laboratory Works
Authors: Rimašauskas Marius , Rimašauskienė Rūta , Kuncius Tomas
Published: September 2022

We are currently on the threshold of the fourth industrial revolution. As the consumers’ expectations are rising, each and every consumer will be able not only to participate in the product development and production processes, but also to propose their ideas, wishes and comments. Due to the changing global production trends, it is clear that the ‘usual’ production will not be able to meet all of its challenges. The development of new shapes, automation, novel non-standard materials, the freedom of design and production, the ability to reorient and react flexibly to the changing conditions are the factors that will give some production companies the competitive advantage, while others will create unmanageable difficulties. The methodological guidelines for laboratory works are intended for Master degree students in the study field of Production Engineering under study programmes Mechatronics, Industrial Engineering and Management, Production Engineering in the framework of the module Computer Integrated Manufacturing. This book can also be useful for bachelor students and anyone interested in the possibilities offered by new technologies and their practical applications.
Heat Integration of Reactive Divided Wall Distillation Column
Authors: Kumar Dohare Rajeev , Ansari Parvez
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, the esterification reaction of methyl acetate with methanol and acetic acid is proposed by the new column configuration that is a reactive divided wall distillation column (RDWC). The heat integration of the proposed column configuration is studied and found that heat integration techniques are efficient to save energy up to 14.23% in comparison to the conventional reactive divided wall distillation column.
Monitoring of the Entrenchment of Managers through Board Characteristics: Insights from Gender Diversity, Background and Independence Director’s
Authors: Ben Farhat-Toumi Nadia , Ben Arfa Nouha , Khemiri Rim
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the entrenchment managerial and board characteristics in publicly traded French firms. These two concepts are at the intersection of corporate finance and accounting, as managerial entrenchment and board characteristics may affect earnings management, which would make investors reluctant to invest in a firm. Using data on listed firms belonging to the SBF120, over the period 2011–2018, we mainly find that: the entrenchment managerial is impacted by (1) gender diversity, (2) educational background (3) and independence directors.
Determinants of Banking Profitability in Portugal and Spain: Evidence with Panel Data
Authors: Elisabete Duarte Neves Maria , Monteiro Joana , Leal Carmem
Published: September 2022

This article aims to study the determinants of banking performance in the countries of the Iberian Peninsula, Portugal and Spain. To achieve the proposed objective, the methodology of panel data was used, specifically the estimation method Generalized Method of Moments (GMM-system). An unbalanced panel of 267 banks was used, of which 122 belong to the Portuguese banking sector and 145 to the Spanish banking sector. Two variables were used as performance measures, the average return on total assets (ROAA) and the average return on equity (ROAE). The results show that bank profitability is generally influenced by internal variables, and not so much by sector-specific or macroeconomic variables. Therefore, the results suggest that management decisions are the ones that most influence performance. We conclude that bordering countries, despite having different economies, have very similar influences on bank profitability.
Application of Vermifiltration for Domestic Sewage Treatment
Authors: Gwebu Lubelihle , Mpala Canisius
Published: September 2022

Climate change has led to water shortages in semi-arid regions. SDG 13 was advocates for wastewater reuse. Zimbabwe uses centralised conventional sewage treatment systems. Vermifiltration combines filtration process and earthworms in sewage water treatment. Vermifiltration is efficient, viable, requires less expertise and can be decentralised. Vermifiltration technique was used in treating domestic septic tank sewage water. Design parameters and efficiency were determined and characterised Vermifiltered water parameters were compared against the Environmental Management Agency Statutory Instrument 6 irrigation water standards. Vermifilter media contained gravel and composted soil with 20g Eseinia fetida earthworms per litre of soil. Treatments were septic tank raw water, vermifilter and control biofilter. A duplicate analysis was conducted. Hydraulic retention time was 1 hour 40 minutes and hydraulic loading rate 163l/m2/hour. Disposed wastewater did not meet required EMA standards. Both filters were effective in treating domestic sewage. There was a significant difference between untreated and treated wastewater. Vermifilter and the control, significantly (p < 0.01) treated pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, nitrates, phosphates and total coliforms properties. Vermifiltered water met EMA standards for irrigation and non-potable water uses. Phytoremediation can be incorporated in the designs to increase efficiency.
Challenges in Tracheostomy
Authors: S. Nambiar Sapna , Shylen Slimcy , Radhakrishnan Suma
Published: September 2022

Tracheostomy is a life saving procedure of placement of a surgical airway. It is imperative for every medical personnel to be conversant with it as it helps secure airway, the first step in resuscitation when necessary. It is not only thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the neck and procedural technique but also the awareness of the unusual challenging situations likely during this procedure that can help avoid complications and enable one to be better prepared for any eventuality. This chapter aims to draw the attention to the likely challenges during tracheostomy including pediatric tracheostomy and percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy. An encounter with pseudoneurysm of the internal carotid artery helps understand the gravity of the likely challenges that a surgeon must be prepared to manage.
Prenatal Screening: A Tool to Predict, Prevent, and Prepare
Authors: Sabu Brinda , Ranganayaki Vidyalekshmy
Published: September 2022

There has been a considerable reduction in maternal mortality from 6 to 9/1000 live births and infant mortality from 100/1000 live births in the 1900s to less than 0.1/1000 live births and 7/1000 live births, respectively, in the 2000s. This is mostly due to nutritional improvement and obstetric and fetal medicine advancements. However, in the current era, prevention of mortality is not the only goal but also the prevention of morbidity. Thus comes the importance of prenatal screening, which would help us to predict and prevent maternal-fetal complications and in non-preventable conditions to prepare ourselves for optimal care of the mother and fetus. Prenatal screening is thus a test to detect potential health disorders in pregnant mothers or the fetus and to identify a subset who may need additional testing to determine the presence or absence of disease. It is done to categorize mothers into high-risk and low-risk pregnancies to prevent maternal complications, screen the fetus for aneuploidies, anomalies, and growth abnormalities, and decide on any indicated interventions and the time and mode of safe delivery so that an optimal perinatal outcome is achieved. Prenatal screening not only caters to identify fetal complications but also attempts to identify maternal complications early.
Marketing for Improved Sustainability in Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Choto Prominent , Nyasha Musakuro Rhodrick , Gervase Iwu Chux , Khan Tengeh Robertson
Published: September 2022

Competition for funding has prompted nonprofit Organizations (NPOs) to adopt marketing and other business-oriented practices to survive. Although certain NPOs have begun to implement marketing strategies, long-term sustainability continues to be a problem. This paper explores the degree to which NPOs in the healthcare industry use marketing strategies to attain sustainability. The data collection and analysis were carried out qualitatively. Data gathering methods included a literature study, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Thematic and content analysis were used to analyze the data. According to the findings, nonprofits cannot successfully implement marketing strategies and business methods due to a lack of marketing know-how, expertise, and donor funding. This paper may benefit NPOs, donors, and stakeholders who support the operations of NPOs. Nonprofit organizations will, for instance, have a better understanding of the significant and positive impact marketing strategies have on their organizations’ growth and sustainability. Furthermore, the paper recommends measures that NPOs can take to address the limiting factors and improve sustainability. The article ends by outlining further research options that will assist other academics engaged in this field.
Mental Health Impact of Post-Infection Fatigue
Authors: Olamide Akinwola Mary , Oyinkansola Abiodun Adesola , Tunde Gbonjubola Yusuff
Published: September 2022

Post-infective fatigue is a major long-lasting complication of COVID-19. Among long COVID-19 survivors, the persistent fatigues experienced have had a significant impact on their physical health and mental health. Post-infective fatigue has been described as a loss of energy and a feeling of heaviness. Likewise, more evidence has highlighted the mental health component of fatigue triggered by subjectively minor physical and cognitive activities. These bouts of fatigue are commonly associated with mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. Ultimately, these mental health problems affect the quality of life of survivors. Although necessary public health efforts were directed at controlling the spread of COVID-19 and treating physical symptoms, it is crucial to backtrack, to develop inclusive mental health services for individuals plagued by post-COVID-19 fatigue.
Digital Holographic Microscopy in Partially Coherent Illumination and Applications
Authors: Dubois Frank , Yourassowsky Catherine , Zouaoui Boudjeltia Karim , Dohet-Eraly Jérôme
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, we describe several configurations of digital holographic microscopes operating with partially coherent illumination, including the implementation of color holography. The different ways of implementing partially coherent illumination are described and discussed, as well as the respective improvements they provide depending on the properties of the observed objects. Several significant applications in the biomedical and environmental fields are presented. In particular, we carry out researches on correlative quantitative phase-contrast-fluorescence imaging on blood with a special focus on the behavior of platelets in relation to relevant pathologies. In the environmental domain, we demonstrate the use of high-throughput digital holographic microscopy to monitor and analyze plankton and microalgal cultures.
Inclusive Review on Existing Treatment and Management Modalities for COVID-19
Authors: Suthar Jalpa , Patel Jhanvi
Published: September 2022

COVID 19 is widely regarded as one of the worst pandemics of the twenty-first century. The World Health Organization (WHO) named the viral infection caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19), which was first reported in December 2019, as severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), and it became a cause of death for many all over the world. As a result, a unique inquiry and clinical trial to find a solution for this catastrophic pandemic disease is under way. To manage and eradicate the disease, effective vaccinations and antiviral therapies are urgently needed. There were no treatments or vaccines available for this fatal virus at first, but several medications that are used to treat other diseases are now being used to treat Covid19. Remdesivir has been licenced for therapy since it has shown to shorten hospital stays. Corticosteroids reduced mortality in patients requiring oxygen supplementation or mechanical ventilation. The purpose of this review is to make readers aware of the possible efficacy and availability treatment for this viral infection.
Management of Branched Broomrape in Field Processing Tomato Crop
Authors: Lops Francesco , Frabboni Laura , Carlucci Antonia , Tarantino Annalisa , Luisa Raimondo Maria , Disciglio Grazia
Published: September 2022

In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in land area used for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in many countries around the world. The essential role is played by Italy at a worldwide level as the country with the third biggest production of tomatoes for processing. Phelipanche ramosa (L) Pomel, commonly known as branched broomrape, is a root holoparasitic weed for many crops, particularly for the processing tomato. Due to its physical and metabolic overlap with the crop, its underground parasitism, and hardly destructible seed bank, the control of this parasite in the field is difficult. Results of research studies, many of them on environmental-friendly methods such as preventive, agronomic, and biological carried out in southern Italy, are discussed and summarized. The results can constitute a relevant basis for further experimental studies.
Synthesis of Nano-Optical Elements for Forming 3D Images at Zero Diffraction Order
Authors: Goncharsky Anton , Durlevich Svyatoslav
Published: September 2022

A method is proposed to compute and synthesize a nano-optical element to produce a new visual effect: a 3D image formed in the vicinity of zero diffraction order. Usual relief rainbow holograms or OVDs can form 3D effect, but at +1 or − 1 diffraction order only and they provide 3D parallax in left/right direction only, and after rotation/inclination of an element, a 3D image changes its color and further disappears completely. The new visual effect provides with full 3D parallax. Moreover, a 3D zero-order image is well visible when an optical element is rotated through 360 degrees; the color of 3D image does not depend on the viewing angle. A synthesis technology is developed incorporating the computation of scattering patterns in elementary areas, computation of the phase function of the entire optical element, and the formation of its microrelief by using e-beam lithography. The microrelief consists of multilevel kinoforms with an accuracy of 10 nm in terms of depth. It was demonstrated by experimental results that the new visual effect is easy for visual perception under white light illumination. A sample of nano-optical element is manufactured, which when illuminated by white light, forms a 3D image in the vicinity of zero-order of diffraction (video available at: https://bit.ly/3QtzxbI).
Small-Scale Palm Oil Production in Ghana: Practices, Environmental Problems and Potential Mitigating Measures
Authors: Awere Eric , Bonoli Alessandra , Appiah Obeng Peter , Pennellini Sara , Bottausci Sara , Kwaasi Amanor William , Kekeli Akuaku Emmanuel
Published: September 2022

The environmental impact of small-scale palm oil processing mills in Ghana has come under serious questioning, especially the disposal of wastewater generated from their operations. This chapter describes the small-scale palm oil production operations in Ghana to highlight the associated environmental problems arising from the disposal of wastewater and other waste by-products. The chapter further discusses the effluent discharge permitting arrangements and possible modifications to the production practices and policy interventions that could improve their environmental compliance and encourage resource recovery. The data in this chapter was obtained from a survey of selected small-scale palm oil processing mills in Ghana, laboratory analysis of wastewater samples from processing mills and review of related literature. Wastewater generated from the processing activities is currently disposed of without any form of treatment. The characteristics of wastewater indicate the need for treatment before disposal. Treatment technologies that could achieve resource recovery (such as biogas, compost, earthworm biomass) and fit into the framework of circular economy should be explored.
Perspective Chapter: Fostering Effective Leadership in Social Work Organisations
Authors: Chipo Takaza Stella , Kanyere Diana , Chitereka Chipo
Published: September 2022

The need to understand theories and definitions in leadership and organizations from social work perspectives has increased worldwide. The leadership explanations and classifications have been developed to understand how social work leadership in organizations is producing favourable returns. This has been a major concern among governments, policy makers, and academics, formal and informal organizations. Social work leadership is needed by any professional organization that seeks to provide basic social services to the society. So far, many organizations including social work have been using different leadership approaches to achieve their goals and objectives which ultimately help them to motivate their employees for profit or non-profit gains. As such the chapter is based on qualitative information on different leadership models social work organizations use to expand their activities. The study findings demonstrate that there is need for much understanding on leadership approaches used to promote the growth of an organization from social work perspectives. The chapter suggests relevant leadership theories or models that could be used to enhance the full functioning of social work organizations being it local, national, regional or international the world over. The results will inform governments and social work organizations to design and apply broad organization leadership from social work perspectives that promote the growth and function of any organization.
Local History in a Digital Environment: Creating an Online Course for Young Children
Authors: Stamataki Anastasia , Ampartzaki Maria
Published: September 2022

Twenty-first century demands students with critical thinking, digital and other soft skills, and capable of self-directed and self-determined learning. This chapter presents an educational design project, which focused on the development of a history online course for children of pre-primary level and the first grades of primary school, based on the constructivist paradigm of learning. Educational design research was carried out to explore how young children can respond to the demands of a contemporary online course, pursue the online course with growing confidence and independence, and earn history in a meaningful way, while developing twenty-first century skills at the same time. Data were collected by quantitative and qualitative methods and analysis showed that both pre-primary and primary school children responded remarkably well and managed to complete the online course with minimum parental support. They improved their knowledge and displayed critical thinking skills. Children showed no major difficulties in using the digital environment and expressed positive attitudes toward e-learning. The role of parents was also monitored and analyzed since it emerged as a critical factor in the successful completion of the course.
Geographical, Entomological and Botanical Origins of Honey
Authors: E. Owen Robin
Published: September 2022

The Codex Alimentarius Commission defines honey as: “… the natural sweet substance produced by honey bees from the nectar of plants … which the bees collect, transform by combining with specific substances of their own, deposit, dehydrate, store and leave in the honey comb to ripen and mature”. Honey, produced in all regions of the world varies widely in its chemical and physical properties, which depend on the plants the bees visit and on the species of Apis themselves. The Codex sets standards for the composition of honeys, levels of contaminants permitted, and the correct labelling according to floral source and geographic origin. The growth of stingless bee (Meliponidae) domestication in Central and South America, Asia and Australia has led to another significant source of honey, which is very variable in its properties. Here I review of the properties of honeys and the techniques used to analyze the geographical, entomological and botanical origins of honey, discuss some of the properties and features of the honeys made by the stingless bees, and discuss unusual honeys, the so-called “mad honeys”, made from nectar containing toxic compounds, and the effect of toxic nectar on bees (bumble bees) and humans.
Glycosylation on Spermatozoa, a Promise for the Journey to the Oocyte
Authors: Wang Shuangjie , Li Yadong , Xin Aijie , Yang Yang , Tao sheng-ce , Gu Yihua , Shi Huijuan
Published: September 2022

Spermatozoa experience a long and tough transit in male and female genital tracts before successful fertilization. Glycosylation helps spermatogenesis, epididymal maturation, passing through cervical mucus, avoiding killing of the female immunologic system, and shaking hands between sperm and egg. Changes in glycosylations along the transit ensure that the right things happen at the right time and place on spermatozoa. Aberrant glycosylations on spermatozoa will negatively affect their fertility. Thus, we developed a lectin array method to examine the glycocalyx of spermatozoa, which will help observe glycosylations occurring on spermatozoa in a normal or abnormal conditions, such as spermatozoa with DEF126 mutation and poor freezability. Intriguingly, binding levels of ABA (Agaricus bisporus agglutinin), a lectin marking the inner layer of the glycocalyx, were changed in these subfertile spermatozoa, which indicates that the integrity of glycocalyx is critical for sperm fertility. In this chapter, we reviewed the impacts of glycosylations on sperm fertility, the lectin array method, and its potential application for sperm function assessment.
Effectiveness of Lifestyle Interventions for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Treatment
Authors: Arredouani Abdelilah
Published: September 2022

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which affects around 25% of the world’s population, has been rapidly rising along with the rate of obesity in the world. NAFLD is now the leading indicator for liver transplantation in developed countries. NAFLD is a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis, eventually culminating in hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD management continues to pose challenges for patients, physicians, and healthcare systems because there is presently no approved effective pharmacotherapy. The current standard of care emphasizes intensive lifestyle interventions that include calorie restriction, increased physical activity, and weight loss. Several studies have demonstrated that weight loss of 5% or more of body weight can put NAFLD into remission. However, strict compliance and long-term effort have been an issue for many NAFLD patients precisely because of the difficulty of maintaining a sustained weight reduction. This chapter discusses the evidence supporting lifestyle intervention’s effectiveness in improving NAFLD and the barriers that hinder the implementation of lifestyle adjustments and behavior changes. Finally, a few tips to help overcome these barriers are briefly discussed.