bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acquired Resistance to Combination Treatment with Temozolomide and ABT-888 Is Mediated by Both Base Excision Repair and Homologous Recombination DNA Repair Pathways
Authors: Liu Xuesong , Han Edward K. , Anderson Mark , Shi Yan , Semizarov Dimitri , Wang Gang , McGonigal Thomas , Roberts Lisa , Lasko Loren , Palma Joann , Zhu Gui-dong , Penning Thomas , Rosenberg Saul , Giranda Vincent L. , Luo Yan , Leverson Joel , Johnson Eric F. , Shoemaker Alexander R.
Published: October 2009

Many established cancer therapies involve DNA-damaging chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Gain of DNA repair capacity of the tumor represents a common mechanism used by cancer cells to survive DNA-damaging therapy. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme that is activated by DNA damage and plays a critical role in base excision repair. Inhibition of PARP represents an attractive approach for the treatment of cancer. Previously, we have described the discovery and characterization of a potent PARP inhibitor, ABT-888. ABT-888 potentiates the activity of DNA-damaging agents such as temozolomide (TMZ) in a variety of preclinical models. We report here the generation of HCT116 cells resistant to treatment with TMZ and ABT-888 (HCT116R cells). HCT116R cells exhibit decreased H2AX phosphorylation in response to treatment with TMZ and ABT-888 relative to parental HCT116 cells. Microarray and Western blot studies indicate that HCT116R cells have decreased PARP-1 and elevated Rad51 expression levels. HCT116R cells are dependent on Rad51 for proliferation and survival, as shown by inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis upon treatment with Rad51 small interfering RNA. In addition, HCT116R cells are more resistant to radiation than the parental HCT116 cells. Our study suggests that cancer cells upregulate the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway to compensate for the loss of base excision repair, which may account for the observed resistance to treatment with TMZ and ABT-888. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(10):1686–92)
Application of Appendicular-Based Cecal Flap for Less Invasive Augmentation Cystoplasty: A Novel Technique
Authors: Shakeri Saeed , Aminsharifi Alireza , Jahanabadi Zahra
Published: October 2009

Objectives: To evaluate the use of a new modified technique for augmentation cystoplasty on selected cases, both in terms of improvements in bladder urodynamics and creating an ideal conduit for clean intermittent catheterization. Methods: Ten patients suffering from intractable low-compliance bladder and reasonable capacity underwent appendicular-based cecal flap augmentation cystoplasty. The procedure comprised the isolation of a 10 to 12 × 3 to 5-cm cecal flap on the base of the appendicular pedicle, by which the bladder was augmented and the appendix was brought out through the abdominal wall for catheterization. Without any bowel anastomosis, the cecal anterior wall was repaired. Results: After a mean follow-up of 23.8 months, 9 of 10 patients became continent. Postoperative urodynamic study revealed a 53.8% increase in mean maximal cystometric capacity (from 171.4 to 263.7 ml; p = 0.012) and a 7.7-fold increase in mean bladder compliance (from 3.39 to 26.66 ml/cm H2O; p = 0.012). Mean maximal detrusor filling pressure decreased by 79% (from 62.2 to 13 cm H2O; p = 0.012). Renal function remained stable in all patients. Appendicular stoma was easy to catheterize, and no stomal stenosis occurred during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Early results of this less invasive technique could be promising in patients with high filling pressure and acceptable maximum bladder capacity.
Outcome of Sigmoid Compared to Ileal Orthotopic Bladder Substitution in Terms of Micturition and Defecation Parameters in an 8-Year Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Honeck Patrick , Bolenz Christian , Wendt-Nordahl Gunnar , Alken Peter , Michel Maurice S.
Published: October 2009

Introduction: Various techniques have been described for orthotopic bladder substitution. Bladder substitution with sigma is rather classed as a useful alternative standby. We report the long-term results of sigmoid neobladder in comparison to ileal neobladder with respect to urodynamic and defecation parameters. Patients and Methods: We matched 10 patients with sigmoid neobladder (mean age 62.6 ± 10.9) and 10 patients with ileal neobladder (mean age 66.4 ± 10.2). Mean follow-up for sigmoid neobladder was 8.1 ± 2.1 years and 7.2 ± 1.9 years for the ileal neobladder. Each patient was evaluated by medical history, the SF-36 questionnaire, physical examination and urodynamics. Results: Bladder capacity differed significantly between both groups (sigmoid neobladder 619 ml, ileal neobladder 422 ml). Pressure showed a slight statistical difference (sigmoid neobladder 15 ± 3 cm H2O, ileal neobladder 18 ± 4 cm H2O). The defecation frequency varied significantly between the two groups (sigmoid neobladder 1.1/day, ileal neobladder 3.1/day, p < 0.0001). The SF-36 questionnaire showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Orthotopic bladder substitution with sigmoid segments has shown equivalent results compared to orthotopic ileal bladder substitution. The sigmoid neobladder is a useful alternative to the ileal neobladder.
Impact of Colour Blindness on Recognition of Haematuria in Bladder Cancer Patients
Authors: Katmawi-Sabbagh Samer , Haq Ahsanul , Jain Sunila , Subhas Gokul , Turnham Helen
Published: October 2009

Objective: Colour blindness might lead to failure in recognizing frank haematuria. Our aim is to investigate as to whether colour-blind males who develop bladder cancer present later with less favourable histology. Patients and Methods: Two hundred male patients with bladder cancer were assessed using Ishihara plate test for colour deficiency. Degree of haematuria, method of presentation and initial histologic findings were also determined. Results: Colour-blind patients who develop bladder cancer present with less favourable histology compared with non-colour-blind (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Colour blindness was associated with presentation with more advanced bladder tumours.
Incidental Diagnosis of Transitional Cell Carcinoma during Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Inci Kubilay , Guliyev Fuad , Bilen Cenk Yucel , Sahin Ahmet , Ozen Haluk
Published: October 2009

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of patients who were incidentally diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) surgery. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1,406 patients who underwent PCNL for the removal of renal calculi. Tumoral lesions detected during diagnostic cystourethroscopy and nephroscopy were endoscopically resected and the resected specimens were sent to the pathology laboratory for definitive diagnosis. Results: Tumoral lesions were detected with cystoscopic examination in 6 patients and with nephroscopy in 4. Pathological examination of the lesions in the kidneys revealed stage T1G1 TCC in 2 patients, T1G3 TCC with carcinoma in situ in 1, and high-grade TCC with sarcomatoid features in 1 patient. The patient with sarcomatoid features died 2 months after surgery and all the other patients survived with no evidence of disease at the end of 26.67 ± 18.58 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Since early diagnosis and management of urothelial lesions significantly improves the prognosis, a careful examination of urothelial mucosa during PCNL surgery is important. Instant diagnosis of a sarcomatoid component and imperative surgical intervention may be life-saving.
Does the Testicular Apoptotic Index Vary with Serum Gonadotropins and Testicular Histopathology in Infertile Men?
Authors: Kandirali Engin , Cayan Selahittin , Armagan Abdullah , Erol Bulent , Kadioglu Ates
Published: October 2009

Aims: Testicular apoptosis has been shown in human specimens, but its correlation with serum gonadotropins and testosterone levels has not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of apoptosis with serum hormone levels and testicular histopathological findings in infertile men. Methods: Testis biopsy specimens were obtained for routine clinical purposes from 41 azoospermic men. The biopsy material was divided into two parts: one part was fixed in Bouin’s solution and processed using paraffin embedding and HE staining, and the other was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin for the detection of apoptosis using TUNEL. To determine the apoptotic index, the number of apoptotic cells was divided by the total number of the counted cells and multiplied by 100 to calculate the percentage. Results: The apoptotic index was significantly higher in specimens with maturation arrest than in those with normal spermatogenesis (p = 0.016), hypospermatogenesis (p = 0.05), and Sertoli-cell-only specimens (p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels and the apoptotic index (r = –0.356, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate there is a relationship between increased apoptosis and testicular dysfunction, and indicate a prominent role for apoptosis in human male infertility.
Single vs. Double Dartos Interposition Flaps in Preventing Urethrocutaneous Fistula after Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty in Primary Distal Hypospadias: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Erol Ali , Kayikci Ali , Memik Omur , Cam Kamil , Akman Yavuz
Published: October 2009

Introduction: This prospective study was designed to compare symmetrical overlapping double flaps with a single dartos flap in regard to fistula formation as an adjunct to tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIPU). Patients and Methods: 77 consecutive children with primary coronal or subcoronal hypospadias were randomized into 2 groups. A single layer dartos flap was used to cover the anastomotic site in the first group (37 patients). A wider dorsal dartos flap bisectioned in the midline was utilized in the second group of 40 patients. The complication rates were compared. Results: There was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of age, and meatal location. Postoperative median follow-up was 34 months. Urethrocutaneous fistula occurred in 3 patients (8.1%) of the monolayer group. No fistula developed in the second group with double flaps. Conclusions: The current study proposes that the use of double dorsal flaps, although statistically not significant, better prevents fistula formation compared to monolayer dartos flaps following TIPU operation.
Fatal Haematuria in a Patient with an Orthotopic Neobladder and Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Oderda Marco , Mondino Paolo , Lucca Ilaria , Fiorito Chiara , Gillo Arianna , Zitella Andrea , Greco Alessandro , Tizzani Alessandro , Gontero Paolo
Published: October 2009

Haematuria in orthotopic neobladder can be due to upper urinary tract recurrence of the primary bladder tumour, the rare occurrence of a primary bowel tumour or benign conditions such as stones and infections. We report the case of a 60-year-old man with chronic hepatopathy who suffered severe bleeding from neobladder varices, which ultimately led to his death.
Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome due to Complete Tracheal Agenesis: An Accident of Nature with Clues for Tracheal Development and Lessons in Management
Authors: Vaikunth Sachin S. , Morris Lee M. , Polzin William , Gottliebson William , Lim Foong-Yen , Kline-Faith Beth , Crombleholme Timothy M.
Published: October 2009

Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by complete blockage of the fetal airways associated with hydrops. We present a case of CHAOS due to the rare cause of complete tracheal agenesis. The ex utero intrapartum therapy (EXIT) strategy was employed to allow for neck and mediastinal exploration. Thymectomy allowed dissection to the level of the carina demonstrating the confluence of dilated mainstem bronchi but no trachea and no connection to the esophagus. A 2.5 endotracheal tube was inserted into the right mainstem bronchus and secured to the left clavicle. At 3 months of age, the infant succumbed to sepsis from Enterobacter mediastinitis due to friction between the tracheostomy tube and the nasogastric tube resulting in erosion of the esophagus. Complete tracheal agenesis, as seen in this case, is consistent with the failure of normal tracheal elongation as suggested by newer theories of foregut development. This case illustrates the most severe form of tracheal atresia causing CHAOS ever salvaged by the EXIT procedure at birth. The subsequent postnatal course highlights the need for early tracheal replacement in this particularly challenging form of CHAOS.
Expression of Tuberalin II, α-Subunit of Glycoprotein Hormones and β-Thyrotropin Hormone in the Pars Tuberalis of the Rat: Immunocytochemical Evidence for Pars Tuberalis-Specific Cell Types
Authors: Guerra María Montserrat , Rodríguez Esteban M.
Published: October 2009

Increasing evidence suggests that the hypophyseal pars tuberalis (PT) plays a key role in the transduction of light/dark (melatonin) information to the endocrine system. It has been shown that PT-specific cells express melatonin receptors and thyrotropin hormone (TSH) subunits. However, these cells do not resemble thyrotrophs or any other of the pars distalis (PD) cells. There is evidence that PT-specific cells secrete a glycoprotein hormone designated as ‘tuberalin’. We have identified a putative tuberalin of 21 kDa (tuberalin II) and have raised antibodies against it. To further investigate whether tuberalin II is a distinct secretory compound of the PT, absorption studies of antituberalin II with TSH or with an extract of the rat PD containing β-TSH, β-luteinizing hormone (LH) and the common α-subunit of glycoprotein hormones (GSU), were performed. Neither of the absorption tests abolished the immunoreactivity of the PT to antituberalin II, suggesting that tuberalin II is different from TSH or the other PD glycoprotein hormones. Double immunofluorescence analyses using antibodies against tuberalin II, β-TSH and GSU revealed that in the developing and adult PT there are 3 populations of PT-specific cells expressing tuberalin II and GSU (type 1), β-TSH and GSU (type 2) and tuberalin II, β-TSH and GSU (type 3). This further indicates that tuberalin II and β-TSH correspond to different compounds and that they may be expressed either by different cells types or coexpressed in a 3rd cell type. The distribution and temporal expression of tuberalin II, β-TSH, β-LH and GSU were investigated in the developing pituitary gland. At E14.5, tuberalin II and GSU were expressed by cells of the PT primordium but not by the PD and pars intermedia primordia. The onset of expression of β-TSH, β-LH and GSU in cells of the PD occurred about 1 day later, further indicating the distinct nature of tuberalin II and supporting the earlier view that the secretion of polypeptides from the fetal rat pituitary gland begins in PT-specific cells.
Gait and Subcortical Hyperintensities in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease and Aging
Authors: Nadkarni Neelesh K. , McIlroy William E. , Mawji Elysha , Black Sandra E.
Published: October 2009

Background/Aims: The relationship between subcortical hyperintensities (SH) on brain MRI and gait parameters in aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is unclear. This study compared gait in 42 mild AD patients to 22 normal controls (NC) based on their SH severity and correlated them to SH burden in these groups. Methods: Gait velocity, stride length, cadence and step width were captured on an automated walkway. Severity of SH on MRI was visually scored, which was used to dichotomize the AD and NC groups into high and low SH severity subgroups. Correlations between gait parameters and total and regional distribution of SH were explored. Results: Compared to both AD subgroups and the NC subgroup with high SH severity, the NC subgroup with low SH severity had a significantly faster velocity (127 cm/s). Overall SH severity correlated significantly with stride length and velocity in the AD (r = –0.4, p = 0.01) and NC (r = –0.4, p = 0.02) groups, respectively, specifically with SH severity in the frontal and basal ganglion regions. Conclusion: SH burden may have a relatively stronger association with slower gait velocity in NC than in patients with mild AD. The fronto-subcortical SH load may influence gait in AD and aging.
The Role of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition by Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia
Authors: Böger Rainer H. , Diemert Anke , Schwedhelm Edzard , Lüneburg Nicole , Maas Renke , Hecher Kurt
Published: October 2009

Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in screening, sensitive and specific biomarkers that help to identify pregnant women at risk of developing preeclampsia are lacking. One of the major mediators from healthy endothelium is nitric oxide; its production is regulated by asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). ADMA has been shown to be elevated in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; elevated ADMA levels are a prognostic marker for major cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with established cardiovascular disease and in the general population. Several studies have reported elevated ADMA levels in preeclampsia; some studies also suggested that ADMA is elevated in early stages of pregnancy in women who later develop preeclampsia. Moreover, ADMA has been associated with uterine artery flow disturbances. Its plasma concentration is regulated by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding for DDAH have been associated with the incidence of preeclampsia. Recently, diagnostic assays for ADMA, e.g. by ELISA, have become available, which render ADMA a possible biomarker to identify pregnant women at risk of developing preeclampsia.
Construction and Clinical Significance of Normal Uterine Arterial Vascular Network Models
Authors: Chen Chunlin , Huang Rui , Liu Ping , Ouyang Zhenbo , Guo Hongxia , Tang Lei , Li Zeyu , Liu Chang , Wu Kuncheng , Zhong Guangming , Hong Huiwen , Hu Jiewei , Li Jianyi , Zhong Shizheng
Published: October 2009

Aims: To construct in vitro models of normal uterine arterial vascular network through vascular corrosion casting and explore their characteristics and clinical significances. Methods: Three sets of uterus, vagina and bilateral adnexa were perfused and cast via uterine artery and ovarian artery, using 25, 20 and 15% chlorinated poly vinyl chloride, respectively, and constructed into models one, two and three of the uterine arterial network correspondingly, followed by observing their characteristics. Results: There existed important similarities and differences among the three models in displaying uterine arterial network: in model one, the uterine arterial trunk, its branches and partial spiral arteries were sharply demonstrated except the tiny ones; model two further displayed the communicating branches between bilateral spiral arteries, the arterial vascular network of ovarian artery and the anastomoses between the arterial blood supply of uterus and ovaries; model three presented the tiny branches, especially the obvious communicating branches, the complete arterial vascular network of ovary and fallopian tube and anastomoses between them. Conclusions: A panorama of the uterine arterial vascular network is obtained under organic combination of the three models, which is surely promising for clinical teaching, selections of different approaches and interventional therapy in obstetrics and gynecology.
Assessment of Sex Chromosomes of Human Embryos Arising from Monopronucleus Zygotes in in vitro Fertilization and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles of Chinese Women
Authors: Yan Junhao , Li Yuan , Shi Yuhua , Feng Huai L. , Gao Shanshan , Chen Zi-jiang
Published: October 2009

Objectives: To examine abnormal fertilization phenomena in blastomeres of embryos generated from conventional IVF and ICSI displaying a single pronucleus at the zygote stage. Methods: 132 embryos from monopronuclear zygotes (1PN) generated from conventional IVF and ICSI were examined by FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) with X, Y dual color centromere probes. Results: In the embryos that were obtained from conventional IVF, the percentage of diploid, monoploid and mosaic sex chromosome were 54.35, 23.91 and 21.74%, respectively. In the embryos from 1PN zygotes derived from ICSI, the percentage of diploid, monoploid and mosaic sex chromosomes were 31.51, 31.51 and 36.99%, respectively. For monoploid embryos, the ratio of XO was significantly higher than that of YO in both conventional IVF and ICSI groups. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the majority of embryos derived from 1PN zygotes generated with conventional IVF or ICSI have a high incidence of aneuploidy. Furthermore, the sex chromosome diploid ratio of embryos from 1PN zygotes derived from conventional IVF was significantly higher than those generated from ICSI procedure in Chinese women. Nevertheless, the high proportion of aneuploid embryos suggests that such embryos should not be utilized for embryo transfer.
Dynamic Changes of IgG Subtypes of Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody in Patients with Postpartum Thyroiditis
Authors: Teng Di , Li Chenyang , Teng Ying , Ouyang Yuhong , Li Yushu , Teng Weiping
Published: October 2009

Aim: To clarify dynamic changes of IgG subtypes of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) during the first postpartum year in Chinese patients diagnosed with postpartum thyroiditis (PPT). Methods: We retrospectively collected serum samples before and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postpartum from 58 PPT patients. Levels of TPOAb and its IgG subtypes were examined by ELISA. Results: Titers of total TPOAb and its IgG subtypes were lowest before delivery in PPT patients. Following delivery, titers of total TPOAb increased. Concentrations of IgG1 and IgG4 subtypes increased for 3 months postpartum, then became stable. Concentrations of the IgG2 subtype increased gradually until 9 months postpartum. Concentrations of the IgG3 subtype reached a peak at 6 months postpartum and remained at a high level thereafter. In PPT patients with an episode of hypothyroidism, levels of total TPOAb and of the IgG subtypes as well as the IgG1/IgG4 ratios were significantly higher than those in patients with an episode of hyperthyroidism and normal controls. Correlations between titers of TPOAb and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels (positive) and free T4 levels (negative) were seen 6 months postpartum. Conclusion: TPOAb is related to thyroid injury and the IgG1 subtype of TPOAb may play a major role in the damage of the thyroid in PPT.
High Prevalence of Orthostatic Hypotension in Mild Dementia
Authors: Sonnesyn Hogne , Nilsen Dennis W. , Rongve Arvid , Nore Sabine , Ballard Clive , Tysnes Ole B. , Aarsland Dag
Published: October 2009

Background/Aims: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) and QTc prolongation have potentially important prognostic and therapeutic consequences but have rarely been studied in patients with mild dementia. Methods: Patients with mild dementia were diagnosed according to consensus criteria after comprehensive standardized assessment. OH and QTc were assessed using standardized criteria. Results: OH was significantly more common in the dementia than in the control group, and systolic drop was higher in those with dementia with Lewy bodies. There were no significant differences in QTc values between dementia and control subjects. Conclusion: OH occurs even in patients with mild dementia, in particular in dementia with Lewy bodies. QTc was not prolonged in patients with mild dementia compared with normal controls.
Combined Three-Dimensional Spectral OCT/SLO Topography and Microperimetry: Steps toward Achieving Functional Spectral OCT/SLO
Authors: Landa Gennady , Rosen Richard B. , Garcia Patricia M.T. , Seiple William H.
Published: October 2009

Aims: To investigate the combination of 3D optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal thickness measurements and superimposed scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) microperimetry obtained using a Spectral OCT/SLO and to test the correlation between retinal thickness and retinal sensitivity in retinal diseases grouped according to anatomic locations. Methods: Patients with various retinal diseases and subjects with normal fundi underwent microperimetry testing and imaging with the Spectral OCT/SLO. Based on the Spectral OCT/SLO findings, the participants were divided into 4 groups: patients with retinal thickening due to the outer retina pathology (group I); patients with retinal thickening due to the cystic changes observed in the inner retina (group II); patients with macular neurosensory retina thinning associated with geographic atrophy or underlying subretinal cicatricial changes (group III), and subjects with unremarkable fundus appearance and normal appearing retina on Spectral OCT/SLO (group IV). The primary outcome was the correlation coefficient (r) between Spectral OCT/SLO-measured macular thickness and microperimetry values. Results: Correlations between retinal thickness and psychophysical thresholds were calculated for each patient, and these values were averaged within groups. The mean correlation values (Pearson product movement) were as follows: for group I (n = 21 eyes) r = 0.04; for group II (n = 24 eyes) r = –0.53; for group III (n = 16 eyes) r = 0.41, and for group IV (n = 15 eyes) r = 0.04. Conclusions: The combination of 3D OCT images and superimposed SLO microperimetry obtained by Spectral OCT/SLO demonstrated that thickening due to cystic changes of the inner retinal layers or thinning of the neurosensory retina on OCT correlated most significantly with decreases in psychophysical threshold sensitivities.
Neutrophilic Eccrine Hidradenitis
Authors: Vion B. , Alvero H.
Published: October 2009

We report an additional typical case of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis, which was observed in a 57-year-old man with acute myelogenous leukemia. He developed this eruption following chemotherapy with cytarabine and mitoxantrone. A short review of the literature is presented.
Distribution of Epithelial Membrane Antigen in Eccrine Poroma
Authors: Takanashi M. , Urabe A. , Nakayama J. , Hori Y.
Published: October 2009

Using immunohistochemical methods, we investigated the distribution of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) on the normal eccrine gland, eccrine poroma and hidroacanthoma simplex. Granular membrane-associated reaction of EMA was detected on the outer cells of both the intraepidermal and the upper portion of intradermal eccrine ducts, as well as on the luminal surfaces and intercellular canaliculi of eccrine glands. Clear immunolabeling was also present in the tumor cells of eccrine poroma and hidroacanthoma simplex. Thus it is suggested that the constituent cells of these tumors originate from the outer cells of the intraepidermal and/or the upper portion of the intradermal eccrine ducts. There was no immunolabeling for EMA on the tumor cells of seborrheic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for EMA is a useful tool for the diagnosis of skin appendage tumors.
Pityrosporum ovale/orbiculare in Papillomatous Nevus Cell Nevi
Authors: Mittag H. , Rupec M.
Published: October 2009

62% of 200 papillomatous nevus cell nevi compared to 45% of 40 seborrheic keratoses showed the presence of Pityrosporum ovalelorbiculare (Malassezia furfur) on their surface supposedly representing a saprophytic state of the microorganisms in vivo. The papillomatous nevus cell nevi were of the compound or dermal type. Significant inflammation, dysplasia or major changes in color were absent. Electron microscopy revealed the characteristic, sometimes budding fungal cells. A relationship between the presence of Pityrosporum organisms and papillomatosis is discussed.
Genital Warts Do Not Respond to Systemic Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2a Treatment during Cannabis Consumption
Authors: Gross G. , Roussaki A. , Ikenberg H. , Drees N.
Published: October 2009

The case of a 22-year-old man suffering from genital warts is described. The lesions responded completely to recombinant interferon alfa-2a only after discontinuation of cannabis consumption. Cannabis was detected using the enzyme immunoassay/1-trans-tetrahydrocannabinoid method in urine. Southern blotting of frozen genital wart biopsy material revealed papillomavirus type 11 DNA, the amount of which increased significantly during interferon treatment. The final clearing of lesions after discontinuation of cannabis consumption implicates that the drug-induced impairment of cellular immunity was reversible. It is concluded that drug abuse and especially cannabis consumption may play some role in the world-wide increase in genital papillomavirus disease and in the high number of recalcitrant courses of genital warts.
Skin Lesions in Carbon Monoxide Intoxication
Authors: Torne R. , Soyer H.P. , Leb G. , Kerl H.
Published: October 2009

A 25-year-old man who survived carbon monoxide intoxication presented erythematous cutaneous lesions with blister formation in pressure areas. Histologic examination revealed subepidermal vesicles with extensive sweat gland necrosis. We discuss the clinicopathological findings of carbon monoxide poisoning. Similar cutaneous features have been observed in patients with various kinds of drug-induced coma.
Do Cutaneous Coryneform Bacteria Produce Short-Chain Fatty Acids in vitro?
Authors: Lukacs A. , Korting H.C. , Ruckdeschel G. , Ehret W.
Published: October 2009

According to an opinion shared by many, human axillary and inguinal odour is related to short-chain fatty acids produced by gram-positive bacteria. Especially coryneform bacteria are said to produce these odiferous substances. After sampling 22 different strains of coryneform bacteria we cultured them for 48 h in a rich medium. Short-chain fatty acids were extracted afterwards by shaking the liquid medium with ether. Gas chromatography was used for detection. Only one of the tested bacteria produced propionic acid. Acetic acid, (iso)butyric acid or (iso)valeric acid could never be detected. The production of substances of the short-chain fatty acid type might, however, be a consequence of the particular substrate found under physiologic conditions by these organisms in human apocrine sweat. The theory that the metabolism of these skin bacteria necessarily produces short-chain fatty acids could not be supported. Another explanation might be that unspecific secreted enzymes of the bacteria are responsible for the production of short-chain fatty acids by a cleavage of skin surface lipids.
Localized Bullous Eruptions Caused by Extravasation of Commonly Used Intravenous Infusion Fluids
Authors: Robijns B.J.L. , de Wit W.M. , Bosma N.J. , van Vloten W.A.
Published: October 2009

Extravasation is a frequent complication associated with intravenous infusions. Two case histories are reported in which blister formation is one of the most striking features after the accident. The infusion fluids are no vesicants but commonly used intravenous infusion fluids. The factors on which the eventual extent of tissue damage depends are discussed, as are the mechanisms by which these factors cause damage on a cellular level. Experienced personnel selecting the right location for the infusion flexible catheters and frequent inspection of the infusion are important factors to prevent extravasation. If extravasation is suspected the infusion should be stopped aspiration should be performed, the extremity involved should be elevated, wet compresses should be applied and exact documentation of the accident is required.
Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis (Sweet’s Syndrome) Caused by Minocycline
Authors: Mensing H. , Kowalzick L.
Published: October 2009

Sweet’s syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) occurred in a 29-year-old woman with acne. Although Sweet’s syndrome initially seemed to be triggered by an acute acne flare, minocycline could later be identified as the causal agent. Because this could be confirmed in an oral provocation test, this seems to be the first case of a true connection between Sweet’s syndrome and its induction by a drug, namely minocycline.
Complement Allotypes in Japanese Patients with Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid
Authors: Nishimukai H. , Shiraishi S. , Shirakata Y. , Sayama K. , Shinomiya T. , Miki Y.
Published: October 2009

The allotypes of C6, C7, factor B (BF) and factor I (IF) of the human complement system were studied in 11 Japanese patients with pemphigus (5 with pemphigus vulgaris and 6 with pemphigus foliaceus) and 17 with bullous pemphigoid (BP) to investigate the genetic background of these diseases. The allotypes were detected by using isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. The frequency for IF* A allele in the pemphigus patients was significantly higher (p = 0.009) than that in healthy controls (n = 60). A significant association of IF A allotype with pemphigus was also observed (p = 0.027), with a relative risk of 6.3. There was no association between the C6, C7, BF or IF allotypes and BP. These data suggest that IF A allotype may be an etiological genetic factor in the development of pemphigus.
Tyrosinemia II: Report of an Incomplete Case and Studies on the Hyperkeratotic Stratum corneum
Authors: Saijo S. , Kudoh K. , Kuramoto Y. , Horii I. , Tagami H.
Published: October 2009

We report a case of tyrosinemia II in a 20-year-old man who had painful palmoplantar hyperkeratotic lesions and corneal erosion. His serum tyrosine level was more than 10 times above normal. Though dietary control failed to eliminate the skin lesions, etretinate cleared them temporarily and grafted skin from the buttock did not become hyperkeratotic during the observation period of 1½ years. Amino acid analysis in the hyperkeratotic stratum corneum disclosed a moderate increase not only in soluble tyrosine but also in other amino acid contents. Turnover time of the hyperkeratotic stratum corneum was greatly elongated as compared with that of the grafted site.
Unusual Form of Melanocytic Nevus Associated with Turner’s Syndrome
Authors: Kato H. , Kato K. , Kitajima Y.
Published: October 2009

An 11-year-old girl with Turner’s syndrome developed a combined nevus on the back. The examination of the excised specimen revealed the combination of common compound nevus and a component of Spitz’s nevus. Numerous melanocytic nevi are a feature of Turner’s syndrome, but this appears to be the first case of a combined nevus with Spitz’s component.
Linear Pemphigus vulgaris along a Surgical Scar
Authors: Hasson A. , Requena L. , Arias D. , Martin L. , de Castro A.
Published: October 2009

A 64-year-old female had breast carcinoma of the right breast, and a mastectomy was performed. Three years later she developed a vesiculobullous eruption along the surgical scar. Histopathological and direct immunofluorescence findings were consistent with a diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris. We discuss the possible pathogenesis for this striking linear distribution of the pemphigus vulgaris lesions.
Stratum corneum Lipid Removal by Surfactants: Relation to in vivo Irritation
Authors: Froebe C.L. , Simion F.A. , Rhein L.D. , Cagan R.H. , Kligman A.
Published: October 2009

The relationship between the in vivo irritation potential of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) and the ability of these two surfactants to remove lipid from the stratum corneum (SC) in vitro were investigated. Either surfactant removes detectable levels of lipids only above its critical micelle concentration (CMC). At high concentrations the surfactants removed only very small amounts of cholesterol, free fatty acid the esters of those materials, and possibly squalene. SLS and LAS have been shown, below the CMC, to bind to and irritate the SC. Thus, clinical irritation provoked by SLS or LAS is unlikely to be directly linked with extraction of SC lipid. The milder forms of irritation – dry ness tightness roughness – may involve both surfactant binding to and denaturation of keratin as well as disruption of lipid. Our findings challenge earlier assumptions that surfactants’ degreasing of the SC is involved in the induction of erythema.
Activation of the Alternative Pathway of Complement in Psoriatic Lesional Skin
Authors: Takematsu H. , Tagami H.
Published: October 2009

The complement system may play an important role in the inflammatory reaction of psoriasis. While the classical pathway of the complement has been shown to be activated in psoriasis, there have been few reports on the involvement of the alternative pathway in the inflammatory reactions in psoriasis. Complement fragments, C4d and Bb, are released at the time of the classical and alternative pathway activation, respectively. The presence of the C4d or Bb fragment, therefore, denotes a preceding complement activation through the classical and/or alternative pathway. In the present study, we have measured the levels of C4d and Bb in psoriatic scale extracts using enzyme immunoassay techniques. The scales of these dermatoses contained higher levels of C4d and Bb detectable by enzyme immunoassay than those in the stratum corneum of noninflammatory skin. These results suggest that the alternative as well as the classical pathway of complement are activated in psoriatic lesional skin.
Familial Pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Katzenelson (Weissman) Varda , David Michael , Zamir Rina , Mellibovsky Juan , Idises Carlos , Sandbank Miriam
Published: October 2009

Familial pemphigus vulgaris was found in a Jewish woman and her son who developed the disease within a period of 18 months from one another. HLA typing was performed in the mother and son as well as in the unaffected father and sister. Examination of the HLA antigens in this family indicates that there may be different variants of DR4, DQw3 and that one of them carried by the mother and son as part of the haplotype A30, B18, DR4, DQw3 is associated with pemphigus vulgaris. Our findings are in favor of the concept that particular polymorphic residues of class II major histocompatibility molecules are correlated with disease susceptibility.
Leg Ulcers in a Patient with Spherocytosis: A Clinicopathological Report
Authors: Vanscheidt W. , Leder O. , Vanscheidt E. , Wokalek H. , Wilmer J. , Hofmann E. , Schöpf E.
Published: October 2009

In a case of spherocytosis combined with ulcus cruris, Doppler sonography and phlebography revealed a chronic venous insufficiency, together with fibrinous precipitates in capillary and venous vessel walls. Some haemolysis and fragmentation of red cells in the biopsy was also observed. It is suggested that the haemodynamic alteration due to chronic venous insufficiency may have played the main role in the development of the ulcers, although the rheological disturbance caused by the spherocytosis may have had an aggravating effect. Circulatory disorders should be excluded, if skin ulcers are to be classified as haematological disorders.
Contact Dermatitis Sparing the Eruption of Herpes zoster and Its Periphery
Authors: Katayama H. , Karube S. , Ueki Y. , Yaoita H.
Published: October 2009

A 63-year-old male developed allergic contact dermatitis with antibiotic ointment applied to the skin eruptions of herpes zoster. From the result of patch test fradiomycin sulf ate contained in the ointment was identified as the contact sensitizing antigen. Strangely, this contact dermatitis was confined to the area surrounding the sores, sparing the lesions and their periphery. We postulated that a decrease in Langerhans cell activity in the herpes zoster lesions and their peripheral area was primarily responsible for this phenomenon, since an important role of Langerhans cells in host defence against herpes virus infection has recently been demonstrated.
Poikiloderma, Alopecia, Retrognathism and Cleft Palate: The PARC Syndrome
Authors: Verloes A. , Soyeur-Broux M. , Arrese-Estrada J. , Piérard-Franchimont C. , Dodinval P. , Piérard G.E.
Published: October 2009

We report a clinicopathological observation concerning a man and his son affected by the same disease. The main cutaneous lesions included poikiloderma congenitale and generalized alopecia respecting the pubic area. These anomalies were associated with cleft palate and Robin sequence in the boy. The main histological changes consisted in a marked atrophy of hairs with persistence of sebaceous glands. In sun-exposed areas we found colloid bodies melanophages and hyperplasia of the elastic tissue network. Those features resembled those of the Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, but the phenotype and the apparent dominant mode of inheritance exclude this possibility. A new genodermatosis, related with, but distinct from the Rothmund-Thomson syndrome is suspected, for which the acronym PARC syndrome is proposed.
Hyperpigmentation Induced by UVB at the Application Site of Estradiol
Authors: Claudy A.L. , Perrot J.L.
Published: October 2009

We report a case of a 48-year-old woman who presented with chronic essential pruritus and was successfully treated with the transdermal estradiol system because of menopausal discomfort. Suberythemogenic UVB phototherapy was proposed to the patient in order to control her pruritus. She developed hyperpigmentation at the application site of estradiol. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report suggesting a direct relationship between estrogen and melanin synthesis in humans.
Pigmented Nail Streak Associated with Bowen’s Disease of the Nail Matrix
Authors: Saijo S. , Kato T. , Tagami H.
Published: October 2009

We described a 59-year-old male physician with Bowen’s disease occurring on the nail matrix of his right 5th finger. The rapid growth of the pigmented nail streak accompanied by nail deformity led us to consider the possibility of subungual melanoma clinically. Histologic features, however, were compatible with those of Bowen’s disease accompanied by melanocytes with melanin-rich long dendrites in the nail matrix. We speculate that his occupational exposure to X-rays for 25 years played an important role in the pathomechanism of the present case.
Severe Intractable Common Warts Associated with Human Papillomavirus 2, 3 and 20
Authors: Tanigaki T. , Kanda R.
Published: October 2009

A 26-year-old male had had numerous common warts on the feet and hands since childhood. They had repeatedly undergone etretinate cryosurgery, always responding well to it. However, the warts reappeared. Human papillomavirus (HPV) 2, 3 and 20 were detected in the warts using Southern’s blot hybridization technique with HPV DNA. Histologically, the warts showed swollen, clear keratinocytes with vacuolated degeneration not found in common warts. The findings are presented in this paper.
HLA-DR and 96-K Antigens and Intratumoral Lymphocytic Infiltrate in Primary Cutaneous Melanoma as Markers of Tumor Progression
Authors: Brogelli Laura , Moretti Silvia , Borgognoni Lorenzo , Giannotti Benvenuto
Published: October 2009

It was recently demonstrated that HLA-DR antigens in primary melanomas are correlated with 96-K antigen expression and with the presence of an intratumoral lymphocytic infiltrate (ILl). As HLA-DR antigens are known to be associated with advanced phases of tumor progression in melanocytic lesions, we investigated whether primary melanomas in different progression phases could be distinguished on the basis of the expression of HLA-DR and 96-K antigens and of the presence of an ILl. A concordant presence of the two antigens and of an ILl was frequent both in vertical growth pattern melanomas and in melanomas thicker than 1 mm. On the contrary, both antigens and the ILl were frequently absent both in thin melanomas (< 1 mm) and in radial growth pattern melanomas. These observations suggest that a joint study of HLA-DR and 96-K antigens and of the ILl is useful to define the phase of progression of primary melanomas.
Subclinical Dilatation of Dermal Sweat Ducts
Authors: Imamura Sadao
Published: October 2009

1,323 biopsied skin specimens were retrospectively investigated. Dilatation of dermal sweat ducts was observed in 18 specimens (1.36%). They included 7 specimens of malignant and benign neoplasms or nevi, 5 of fibrosis and 6 of various inflammations. The face was the favored site but it was also seen in other areas. Ten out of 18 specimens were taken in the summer. It was speculated that the massive secretion of sweat and the compression of sweat ducts by several tissue components in the dermis played an important role for the dilatation of the sweat ducts.
Malignant Atrophic Papulosis: Response to Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: Drucker Carol R.
Published: October 2009

A patient with malignant atrophic papulosis (Degos’ disease) is studied. Platelet function studies showed abnormalities of increased adhesiveness and aggregation. Treatment with dipyridamole and aspirin correlated with reversal of these abnormalities and cessation of new lesion development. When treatment was stopped, platelet function abnormalities and new skin lesions developed within 2 months. With reinstitution of therapy the patient developed no new lesions in the 5 months he was followed. This is the second report of platelet function abnormality and apparent successful treatment with antiplatelet therapy in a patient with Degos’ disease.
Isotretinoin and Acne – A Study of Relapses
Authors: Chivot M. , Midoun H.
Published: October 2009

A study was carried out involving 172 patients with acne which warranted treatment with isotretinoin. Patients were followed up for between 12 and 41 months after discontinuation of treatment and the number of relapses was assessed. 37 patients (21%) relapsed. These relapses were correlated with patients’ age, length of disease progression prior to treatment total dose received daily dose duration of treatment and severity of acne. It appeared that only young age and severity of acne influenced the percentage of relapse.
Dubowitz Syndrome: Atopic Dermatitis, Low Birth Weight Dwarfism and Facial Dysmorphism
Authors: Vieluf Dieter , Korting Hans Christian , Braun-Falco Otto , Walther Joachim-Ulrich
Published: October 2009

The association of low birth weight dwarfism, distinct facial dysmorphism and eczematous skin lesions has been described repeatedly since the first description by Dubowitz in 1965. The way of inheritance seems to be in some cases autosomal recessive. Because of the rarity of this entity, another case is reported showing an additional preauricular fistula.
Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis of the Newborn and Idiopathic Hypercalcemia
Authors: Fernández-López Emilia , Garcia-Dorado Jesus , de Unamuno Pablo , Heras Isabel , Santos-Borbujo Jose , Armijo Miguel
Published: October 2009

A newborn with important signs of fetal disturbance and respiratory distress developed plaques on both buttocks 14 days after birth with the clinical and histological characteristics of subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn. Fifteen days after the onset of the cutaneous signs, a discrete degree of hypercalcemia was detected. Its outcome was favorable due to the early establishment of a diet rich in medium-chain triglycerides and devoid of calcium and vitamin D. Sixteen cases of idiopathic hypercalcemia in newborn with subcutaneous fat necrosis have been reported of which 3 died. Serial serum calcium determinations should be made in such infants and they should be observed closely for signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia.
Skin Necrosis after Injection of Aminosides
Authors: Grob J.J. , Mege J.L. , Follana J. , Legre R. , Andrac L. , Bonerandi J.J.
Published: October 2009

A case of extensive skin necrosis following intramuscular injections of sisomycin is described. Eight cases of necrosis following subcutaneous injections of aminoside antibiotics have been reported in elderly females under anticoagulant therapy, but the pathogenic mechanisms of these lesions have not been investigated. Defective fibrinolysis and abnormalities of oxidative metabolism of neutrophils were noted in our patient. Four major mechanisms are discussed: an Arthus reaction, a thrombotic process, a direct toxicity of aminosides for subcutaneous tissue, or a pyoderma-like neutrophilic reaction. Subjects with a tendency to thrombosis and/or abnormalities of neutrophil functions may be predisposed to these skin necroses.