bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beban Pengasuhan yang Dialami Oleh Orangtua yang Memiliki Anak dengan Gangguan Spektrum Autis
Authors: Mukhtar Desvi Yanti , Kumara Amitya , Hastjarjo T Dicky , Adiyanti M G
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beban yang dialami oleh orangtua dalam mengasuh anak dengan gangguan spektrum autis. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu tenaga profesional dalam memberikan dukungan bagi orangtua yang memiliki anak autis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang menggunakan metode campuran sekuensial. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik kelompok terarah dan angket. Pada tahap pertama, penelitian ini melibatkan 7 responden (6 ibu, 1 ayah) sedangkan tahap kedua 31 responden (18 ibu, 13 ayah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orangtua yang memiliki anak dengan gangguan autis mengalami beban pengasuhan yang dapat dikelompokkan dalam tiga dimensi. Pertama, beban yang terkait dengan aspek personal orangtua yaitu munculnya masalah-masalah psikologis seperti merasa malu dengan kondisi anak, muncul perasaan bersalah, atau merasa jenuh dengan kehidupan yang dijalani. Kedua, beban yang terkait dengan hambatan yang dialami anak autis seperti kesulitan mengontrol perilaku dan emosi anak. Dan ketiga, beban yang terkait dengan peran pengasuhan secara umum, misalnya menjadi sering bertengkar dengan pasangan. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan ada beberapa faktor yang membantu menguatkan orangtua dalam mengasuh anak autis. Pertama, faktor personal seperti adanya keikhlasan menerima kondisi anak, kedekatan pada Tuhan, serta cara berpikir yang positif. Kedua, adanya dukungan sosial terutama yang didapat dari pasangan.

This study aimed to determine the burdens experienced by parents in caring for children with autistic spectrum disorders. It is expected that the results of this study help professionals provide support for parents who have autistic children. This study employed descriptive research using sequential mixed method. Data were collected by using focus group techniques and questionnaires. In the first stage, this study involved 7 respondents (6 mothers and 1 father) while the second stage involved 31 respondents (18 mothers and 13 fathers). The results showed that parents who had children with autistic disorders experienced parenting burdens that could be classified into three dimensions. First, burdens associated with the personal aspects of parents, i.e. the presence of psychological disorders, such as feeling ashamed of the children condition, feeling guilty, or feeling bored with the life. Second, burdens associated with difficulties experienced by children with autism such as being difficult to control children behaviors and emotions. And third, burdens associated with parenting roles in general, for example quarreling frequently with couple. The results also showed that there were several factors that help strengthen parents in caring for children with autism. First, personal factors such as sincerity in accepting the children's condition, closeness to God, and positive ways of thinking. Second, the presence of social support, especially from the couple.
Pengalaman Ibu Yang Memiliki Anak Autis di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Binjai: Studi Fenomenologi
Authors: Saragih Ayu My Lestari , Suza Dewi Elizadiani
Published: January 2019

Autis merupakan suatu gangguan perkembangan yang ditandai dengan adanya kekurangan pada aspek komunikasi dan interaksi sosial, kesulitan dalam melakukan komunikasi verbal dan non verbal, tingkah laku terbatas dan berulang. Pengalaman ibu yang memiliki anak yang autis penting untuk diperhatikan karena anak autis memerlukan bantuan dalam berperilaku, memenuhi aktivitas sehari-hari dan membutuhkan arahan dan pengawasan dalam berhubungan dengan orang lain yang menimbulkan ketergantungan yang tinggi pada orangtua khususnya ibu. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain fenomenologi yang bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman ibu yang memiliki anak autis di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Binjai. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak delapan orang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2016. Analisa data menggunakan metode Collaizi. Penelitian ini menemukan 5 tema terkait dengan pengalaman ibu yang memiliki anak autis di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Binjai, yaitu (1) mengalami masalah psikologis dan fisik, (2) menerima kondisi anak yang mengalami autis, (3) memberi perawatan pada anak, (4) mengalami kendala dalam merawat anak, dan (5) harapan ibu terhadap anak yang mengalami autis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan sumber acuan dan pertimbangan sekolah untuk meningkatkan wawasan dan keterampilan dalam memberikan dukungan bagi ibu yang memiliki anak autis sehingga orangtua mengerti tentang autis dan perawatannya.

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by lack of  communication and social interaction, difficulties in verbal and non verbal communication, having restricted and repetitive behavior. The experiences of mothers who have autistic children are important to  understand because autistic children need helps to behave and to fulfill their daily activities. They also need advice and control over social interaction that lead to their high dependence on parents, especially mothers. This study used a phenomenological design and aimed to explore the experiences of mothers who have autistic children at Binjai Extraordinary School (SLB). The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The participants composed of 8 children. This study was conducted from March to June 2016. Data were analyzed using Collaizi method. This study revealed 5 themes related to the experiences of mothers who have autistic children Binjai Extraordinary School (SLB), i.e. 1) suffering psychological and physical problems, (2) accepting the condition of children with autism, (3) giving care to children, (4) having problems in caring for children, and (5) mother's expectations for children with autism. It is expected that the results of this study used as  source of reference  for extraordinary schools to improve knowledge and skills for support mothers who have autistic children so that parents understand about autism and its treatment.
Pengalaman Masyarakat Yang Menerima Pelayanan Perawat Puskesmas Sering Kecamatan Medan Tembung Sumatera Utara: Studi Fenomenologi
Authors: Harahap Resi Ayu Harianti , Setiawan Setiawan
Published: January 2019

Puskesmas adalah salah satu fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang menyelenggarakan upaya kesehatan masyarakat tingkat pertama diwilayah kerjanya. Keperawatan merupakan salah satu bagian integral penting dari pelayanan kesehatan yang ada di puskesmas, diharapkan mampu memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang meliputi aspek promotif dan preventif secara berkesinambungan tanpa mengabaikan pelayanan kuratif dan rehabilitaif secara menyeluruh dan terpadu kepada individu, keluarga, kelompok dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman masyarakat tentang pelayanan perawat diPuskesmas Sering Kecamatan Medan Tembung. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain fenomenologi. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak sepuluh orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan Content Analysis. Hasil penelitian didapatkan empat tema terkait pengalaman masyarakat yang menerima pelayanan perawat puskesmas Sering di Medan yaitu (1) menerima pelayanan kesehatan dari perawat puskesmas (2) menerima perilaku caring dan non-caring dari setiap pelayanan yang diberikan (3) mendapat penjelasan dan dimintai persetujuan sebelum tindakan diberikan (4) berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan pokok puskesmas. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan kepada puskesmas untuk mengevaluasi dan meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan/keperawatan dengan mengetahui kelebihan dan kelemahan dalam pelayanan yang diberikan kepada masyarakat.

Puskesmas (Community Health Center) is one of the healthcare facilities that organizes first-level of public healthcare service in its working area. Nursing is one of the important integral parts of healthcare services in puskesmas, which is expected to be able to provide healthcare services including sustainablity of promotive and preventive aspects without neglecting curative and rehabilitative services to individuals, families, groups and communities comprehensively and integratedly. This study aimed to explore the experiences of community who received  nursing care at SeringPuskesmas in Medan Tembung sub-district. This study used phenomenological design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The participant composed of ten people. Data were analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that there were 4 themes related to the experiences of the community who received nursing care at SeringPuskesmas in Medan, i.e.(1) receiving healthcare services from nurses at puskesmas (2) receiving caring and non-caring behavior from each service provided (3) getting explanation and being asked for approval before having an action (4) participating in the main program of the puskesmas. It is recommended that puskesmas evaluate itself to identify strengths and weaknesses in the services provided to community and improve health or nursing care.
Pengetahuan Keluarga Tentang Skizofrenia Di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ildrem Medan
Authors: Silaen Ayu Elvany , Tumanggor Roxsana Devi
Published: January 2019

Schizophrenia is one of mental illness diseases which can decrease individuals’ productivity. It becomes a burden for the government, community and the families. Family’s participation has important role in recovery process of patients with schizophrenia. In this term, it can be improved through health education program. The aim of this quantitative research was to describe the level of family’s knowledge with schizophrenia. The research used accidental sampling technique with 99 respondents. The research instrument was questionnaires on respondents’ characteristics and on family’s knowledge of schizophrenia. The data were presented with frequency distribution and percentage. The result of the research revealed that 57 respondents (57.6%) had good knowledge of schizophrenia, 42 respondents (42.4%) had moderate knowledge, and no respondent with poor knowledge. In the last few years, there was the increase in the number of relapse occurance among patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, the high percentage of moderate knowledge was not a real description for the disease. However, nurses were expected to be able to increase family’s knowledge by providing health education about schizophrenia. It includes, families understanding about the disease, signs and symptoms, medication management and the families’ role in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is one of mental disorder which can decrease human productivity. It becomes a problem for government, community, and families. Family has an important role in the patient's healing process with schizophrenia which can be improved by promoting health education programs. This study employed quantitative research which aimed to determine the level of family’s knowledge about schizophrenia in a sample of 99 respondents selected by using accidental sampling. The research instrument was questionnaires about respondents characteristics and family’s knowledge about schizophrenia. The data were presented in frequency distribution and percentages. The results of the study showed that 57 respondents (57.6%) demonstrated good knowledge, 42 respondents (42.4%) demonstrated moderate knowledge, and no respondent demonstrated poor knowledge. In the last few years, there was a sharp increase in the number of relapse occurance in patients with schizophrenia. The high percentage of moderate knowledge was not a real description for the disease. However, it is expected that nurses be able to increase family’s knowledge about schizophrenia, signs and symptoms, medication management and the family’s role in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia by providing health education.
Changes in Surface Roughness of Acrylic Resin Heat Cured after Immersed in Yogurt
Authors: Harahap Kholidina Imanda , Syafiar Lasminda , Tarigan Sintiya Karolina
Published: January 2019

To mantain digestive health, people usually consume yogurt that has acidity 4-5. Acidic solutions can cause the surface roughness of acrylic resin heat cured is used as denture base material. Denture with rough surfaces facilitate the attachment of plaque and bacteria that can degrade the cleanliness and health of the patient. The purpose of this study was to analyze the surface roughness of acrylic resin heat cured after being immersed in yogurt with different immersion time. Thirty acrylic resin heat cured specimens (12 mm in length, 12 mm in wide and 2 mm height) were prepared and divided into three experimental groups (n=10): I ( specimens immersed in yogurt for 60 minutes), II (specimens immersed in yogurt for 120 minutes) and III (specimens immersed in yogurt for 180 minutes). Surface roughness before and after immersion was measured using Profilometer. Data will be analyzed using T test (p<0,05). After immersion, the specimens showed significantly different on surface roughness (p=0,04). Among the experimental groups, immersion for 180 minutes showed the highest surface roughness value than 60 and 120 minutes. It can be concluded that yogurt can make surface roughness of acrylic resin heat cured. Increasing surface roughness depends on exposure time of yogurt on acrylic resin heat cured.

To mantain a digestive health, people usually consume yogurt that has acidity of 4-5. Acidic solutions can cause the surface roughness of heat cured acrylic resin which is used as denture base material. Denture with rough surfaces facilitates the presence of plaque and bacteria that can degrade the cleanliness and health of the patient. The objective of this study was to analyze the surface roughness of heat cured acrylic resin after immersed in yogurt with different immersion time. Thirty heat cured acrylic resin specimens (12 mm in length, 12 mm in wide and 2 mm in height) were prepared and divided into three experimental groups (n=10): I ( specimens were immersed in yogurt for 60 minutes), II (specimens were immersed in yogurt for 120 minutes) and III (specimens were immersed in yogurt for 180 minutes). Surface roughness before and after immersion was measured using Profilometer. Data were analyzed using T test (p<0,05). After immersion, the specimens showed significantly different on surface roughness (p=0,04). Among the experimental groups, immersion for 180 minutes showed the highest surface roughness value than 60 and 120 minutes. It could be concluded that yogurt could make surface roughness of heat cured acrylic resin . Increasing surface roughness depended on exposure time of yogurt on heat cured acrylic resin.
Efektivitas Pemberian Temulawak Terhadap Dismenore Pada Remaja Di SMP Negeri 4 Tanjung Pura
Authors: Nasution Siti Saidah , Yessa Dinda Alia
Published: January 2019

Dysmenorrhea is one of the problems in the process of menstruation. Dysmenorrhea often occur in young children and can interfere with daily activities, such as does not concentration to learn, lazy follow extracurricular activities, can not attend school. For dysmenorrhea, pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment is required. Handling nonpharmacological one of them by giving white turmeric. .The types this research is descriptive with Quasy Experiment design. This study was conducted to look at the effectiveness of white turmeric against a decrease in dysmenorrhea in adolescent in SMP Negeri 4 Tanjung Pura. The research places in SMP Negeri 4 Tanjung Pura. The research conducted October through June 2016 and the data collection was conducted from March to May 2016. The data analysis using statistical test of independent t-test. The research found effect of white turmeric against a decrease in dysmenorrhea pain in adolescents with pvalue 0.009 (p <0.05).

Dysmenorrhea is a type of pain that is only associated with menstruation. Dysmenorrhea occurs more frequenly in adolescent girls and it can affect their daily lives, such as low concentration in studies, no participation in extracurricular activities, un-ability to attend school. Due to this problem, pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment of dysmenorrhea are required. Giving white turmeric is one kind of non-pharmacological which thought as alternative treatments. This study employed a quasi Experiment design. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of white turmeric towards dysmenorrhea among adolescents at SMP Negeri 4 TanjungPura and was conducted from October to June 2016. The data were collected from March to May 2016 and analyzed using independent t-test. The result showed a positive effect of white turmeric towards dysmenorrhea on adolescents with p-value of 0.009 (p <0.05).
Perbandingan Efek Garcinia Mangostana Terhadap Organ Korti Pada Rattus Norvegicus Yang Dinilai Dengan Pemeriksaan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Authors: Herwanto Yusa , Ilyas Syafruddin , Ramadhani Fuji
Published: January 2019

Bising dapat menyebabkan gangguan pendengaran permanen. Kerusakan utama organ pendengaran dan mengalami kerusakan organ korti di koklea. Perubahan struktur dapat melibatkan proses oksidasi dari radikal bebas. Antioksidan dapat memproteksi kerusakan organ korti telinga. Penelitian ini untuk membuktikan efek ekstrak kulit Garcinia mangostana sebagai antioksidan yang efektif dan aman untuk mencegah kerusakan organ korti koklea yang dapat mengakibatkan GPAB ditinjau dari gambaran ultrasttukturnya. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental in vivo dengan rancangan post test only group dengan menggunakan hewan coba tikus putih Rattus norvegicus galur Wistar. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 24 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, 3 kelompok memperoleh aquadest dan selebihnya mendapatkan ekstrak selama 16 hari. Pada kelompok perlakuan diberikan intensitas bising yang berbeda yakni, 25-50 dB, 55-80 dB, dan 85-110 dB dengan durasi 8 jam selama 8 hari secara kontinu. Semua sampel dilakukan pemeriksaan ultrastuktur melalui SEM. Hasil Pemeriksaan diperoleh terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) pada kerusakan strukutur organ korti untuk semua kelompok perlakuan. Pemberian ekstrak kulit Garcinia Mangostana dengan dosis 21,6 mg selama 16 hari secara peroral tidak mengurangi kerusakan organ korti koklea, terutama pada pemberian intensitas bising 85-110 dB selama 8 hari (p=0,127).

Exposure to high levels of noise can cause permanent hearing loss. A major damage to the hearing organ occurs when there is a damage to organ of corti in cochlea. Oxidation of free radicals can cause structural change of organ of corti. Antioxidants can prevent damage to organ of corti. This study aimed to determine the effect of Garciniamangostana peel extract as an effective and safe antioxidant to prevent damage to organ of corti in cochlear which can cause GPAB (Noise-Induced Hearing Loss) in terms of its ultrastructural features. This study was a vivo experimental with posttest-only design using 24 laboratory rats, Rattusnorvegicus strain wistar divided into 6 groups. Three groups received aquadest and the other received Garciniamangostanapeel extract for 16 days. All groups were given different sound intensity, 25-50 dB, 55-80 dB, and 85-110 dB for 8 hours a day for 8 days continuously. The ultrastructure were examined using SEM. The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference(p <0.05) of structure damage to organ of corti for all groups. Giving GarciniaMangostana skin extract at a dose of 21.6 mg for 16 days orally did not reduce damage to organ of corti in cochlear, especially in the provision of sound intensity of 85-110 dB for 8 days (p = 0.127).
Pengalaman Hidup Pada Pasien Dengan End Colostomy di Kota Medan
Authors: Lubis Miftahul Handayani , Ariani Yesi
Published: January 2019

Angka kejadian kolostomi meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, tindakan kolostomi paling sering dilakukan karena adanya karsinoma kolon dan rectum. Indonesian Ostomy Association (InOA) mengatakan bahwa jumlah kasus yang menggunakan stoma terus meningkat, dan penyebab tersering di Indonesia sendiri adalah karena keganasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan fenomenologi deskriptif yang memiliki tujuan untuk menjelaskan fenomena, penampilan dari sesuatu yang khusus. Tujuan penelitian ini ntuk mengetahui pengalaman hidup pada pasien dengan end colostomy di kota Medan.Pemilihan partisipan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan di beberapa Rumah Sakit di Kota Medan, tetapi penelitiannya dilakukan di rumah pasien. dengan kriteria partisipan komunikatif. partisipan berjumlah sepuluh partisipan. Pengumpulan data dimulai dari bulan Februari 2016 sampai dengan bulan April 2016. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara mendalam yang dilakukan terhadap sepuluh partisipan, maka penelitian ini menemukan ada 4 tema terkait pengalaman hidup pada pasien dengan end colostomy di kota medan, yaitu : (1) perawatan end colostomy (2) menderita secara psikologis (3) menderita secara fisik (4) pembuatan kantong stoma. Diharapkan bagi pelayanan keperawatan untuk memberikan informasi yang jelas mengenai 10 hak ostomate agar pasien dapat lebih memahami hak-hak mereka sebagai pasien end colostomy. Disarankan bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk dapat melakukan penelitian yang lebih mendalam mengenai pengalaman pasien kolostomi.

Colostomy rate increases year by year. Colostomy application is conducted on the presence of colonic and rectal carcinoma. The Indonesian Ostomy Association (InOA) mentioned that the number of cases that use stoma continues to increase, and the most common cause in Indonesia itself is its malignancy. This study used a qualitative design with descriptive phenomenology which aimed to describe the phenomenon and the presence of specific things. The objective of this study was to describe the experiences of patients with end colostomy in Medan. Ten participants were selected using purposive sampling method. Data were collected from several hospitals in Medan. This study was conducted in patients’ houses with subject inclusion criteria is able and willing to communicate . Data were collected from February 2016 to April 2016. The results of in-depth interviews showed that there were 4 themes related to the experiences of patients with end colostomy in Medan, namely: (1) end colostomy treatment (2) suffering psychologically (3) suffering physically (4) making a stoma bag. It is expected that medical staffs provide clear information about 10 end colostomy rights thus can get a better understanding on their rights as end colostomy patients.
Pengalaman Ibu Usia Remaja Dalam Merawat Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) Di Kota Medan: Studi Fenomenologis
Authors: Ningsih Widy Santri , Setiawan Setiawan
Published: January 2019

Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) adalah bayi baru lahir yang berat badannya kurang dari 2.500 gram (sampai dengan 2.499 gram). BBLR merupakan penyebab utama dalam mortalitas, morbiditas dan kecacatan pada neonatus, balita dan anak-anak serta memiliki efek yang sangat panjang dalam kesehatan dewasa nantinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman ibu usia remaja dalam merawat bayi berat lahir rendah di Kota Medan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi fenomenologi. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak sepuluh orang. Kriteria partisipan adalah ibu remaja usia 17-20 tahun yang melahirkan bayi berat lahir rendah dan mempunyai pengalaman merawat bayi berat lahir rendah di rumah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di satu rumah sakit dan satu klinik bersalin. Penelitian ini dimulai tanggal 16 Februari 2016 sampai 30 April 2016. Analisa data menggunakan metode Colaizzi. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan lima tema pengalaman ibu usia remaja dalam merawat bayi berat lahir rendah, yaitu (1) mengupayakan pengobatan untuk BBLR; (2) memberikan perawatan khusus pada BBLR; (3) mengalami keterbatasan dalam kegiatan sosialisasi; (4) menderita secara fisik, psikologis dan emosional saat merawat BBLR; dan (5) mendapat dukungan dari pihak keluarga dan tenaga kesehatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diharapkan agar pelayanan keperawatan dapat memberikan asuhan keperawatan secara holistik pada ibu remaja dalam perawatan bayi berat lahir rendah di rumah.

Low birth weight (LBW) baby is a newborn whose weight is less than 2,500 grams (up to 2,499 grams). LBW is the main cause of mortality, morbidity and disability in neonates, toddlers and children which still affects their health up to their adulthood. This study aimed to explore the experiences of adolescent mothers in caring for low birth weight babies in Medan. This study used a phenomenology study design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Ten mothers were selected as the participants. The criteria of participants were adolescent mothers aged 17-20 years who gave births to low birth weight babies and had experiences in caring for low birth weight babies at home. This study was conducted in a hospital and in a maternity clinic from February 16 to April 30, 2016. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi method. The results of this study showed that there were five themes of experiences of adolescent mothers in caring for low birth weight babies, namely (1) seeking treatment for LBW; (2) providing special care for LBW; (3) having limited time for social activities; (4) suffering physically, psychologically, and emotionally when treating LBW; and (5) getting support from the family and medical staffs. It is expected that nurses provide holistic nursing care to adolescent mothers in caring for low birth weight babies at home.
Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Pada Nelayan Di Pos Upaya Kesehatan Kerja (Pos Ukk) Puskesmas Belawan
Authors: Syahri Isyatun Mardhiyah , Fitria Maya
Published: January 2019

Keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) pada nelayan saat melakukan pekerjaan sangat perlu mendapat perhatian, kecelakaan kerja bisa saja terjadi ketika berada dilaut dengan kondisi cuaca yang bisa saja berubah, begitu juga dengan gangguan kesehatan yang diakibatkan oleh pekerjaan. Selain itu kondisi perahu harus diperhatikan dan alat pelindung diri harus tersedia karena merupakan faktor penting dalam menjaga keselamatan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian kecelakaan kerja dan keluhan yang dirasakan saat bekerja. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif, lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Pos Upaya Kesehatan Kerja (Pos UKK) nelayan wilayah kerja Puskesmas Belawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kecelakaan yang terjadi adalah terpeleset, kapal karam , tenggelam, kena bisa binatang laut, terpatuk ular, terkena engkol mesin dan terkena jaring. Selain mengalami kecelakaan kerja, nelayan juga merasakan keluhan saat bekerja antara lain nyeri punggung, gatal-gatal, batuk, pusing, gangguan pendengaran, kebas pada tangan, muntah-muntah, dan sakit pinggang. Kecelakaan kerja yang sering terjadi pada nelayan adalah terkena bisa binatang laut, sedangkan keluhan yang paling banyak dirasakan adalah nyeri punggung. Disarankan agar nelayan lebih berhati-hati pada saat bekerja, perbaikan sikap kerja agar lebih ergonomi dan menggunakan pakaian pelindung dengan lengan panjang, serta menggunakan pelampung.

Occupational Safety and Health OSH) for fishermen at work really needs attention. Workplace accidents can occur when they are at sea when weather changes. Fishermen can also get health problems caused by work. Besides that, the condition of the boat must be considered and personal protective equipment must be available because they are important factors in maintaining safety. This study aimed to determine workplace accidents and complaints about health problems at work. This study employed descriptive research. It took place at Occupational Health Effort Post(PosUkk) in Belawan Public Health Center. The results showed that types of workplace accidents were slips, shipwrecks, sinks, being hit by sea animals, snake snake bite, being hit by cranks of engines, and exposed to nets. In addition, fishermen also complained about health problems at work, such as back pain, itching, coughing, dizziness, hearing loss, hand numbness, vomiting, and back pain. Workplace accident that often occured to fishermen was being hit by sea animals, while the most common complaint was back pain. It is recommended that fishermen be more careful to work, improve work attitudes towards more ergonomic, wear protective clothing with long sleeves, and use buoys.
Pembuatan Sabun Mandi Kesehatan dari Stearin Minyak Sawit Merah yang Mengandung Karotenoid dan Vitamin E
Authors: Sofwan Sinaga Ahmad Gazali , Satriadi Imam
Published: January 2019

Stearin merah adalah fraksi padat yang dihasilkan melalui proses filtrasi pada proses pembuatan minyak sawit merah. Penggunaan stearin merah dapat dijadikan bahan alternatif pembuatan sabun dengan nilai vitamin E dan pro-vitamin A yang tinggi sehingga dapat menjaga kesehatan pada kulit. Sabun merupakan salah satu produk farmasi yang dibuat melalui proses reaksi kimia antara basa natrium dengan asam lemak nabati yang sering disebut proses saponifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah stearin pada proses pembuatan minyak sawit merah dengan menggunakan variasi konsentrasi NaOH untuk menghasilkan sabun mandi yang memenuhi kualitas Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) No. 06-3532-1994. Pembuatan sabun mandi padat diawali dengan menggunakan variasi konsentrasi NaOH yaitu 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, dan 80% dengan suhu 40°C selama 15 menit. Stearin yang digunakan mengandung kadar karotenoid 715-750 ppm dan vitamin E 885-895 ppm. Berdasarkan hasil analisis sesuai SNI No. 06-3532-1994, penggunaan NaOH sebanyak 40% diperoleh sabun terbaik dengan hasil analisis kadar air 9,53%, jumlah asam lemak 72,99%, kadar alkali bebas 0,051%, kadar asam lemak bebas 0,26%, kadar lemak netral 1,18%, dan pH 9. Pada seluruh sampel tidak ditemukan atau kurang dari 0,05% minyak mineral pada sabun padat yang diperoleh.

Red stearin is solid fraction produced through filtering process of red palm oil production. Red stearin can be used as an alternative ingredient of soap production with high vitamin E and pro-vitamin A and can maintain the skin health. Soap is one of pharmacy products produced through chemical reaction of sodium base and vegetable fatty acid called saponification. This research aimed to utilize the stearin waste in red palm oil production process using NaOH concentrate variation to produce soap with Indonesia national standard No. 06-3532-1994. Solid soap production started with the use of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% of NaOH concentrate variation in 40°C temperature for 15 minutes. Stearing which was used contained carotenoid of 715-750 ppm and vitamin E of 885-895 ppm. Based on the analysis in accordance of Indonesian national standard No. 06-3532-1994, best soap was produced using 40% of NaOH use with the analysis of 9.53% water content, 72.99% fatty acid amount, 0.051% free alkali, 0.26% free fatty acid, 1.18% true fat, and pH of 9. In every sample was found less than 0.05% of mineral in the solid soap.
Perilaku Pencarian Pengobatan Nyeri Odontogenik Pada Masyarakat di Kecamatan Medan Polonia, Medan Petisah, dan Medan Barat
Authors: Natassa Siska Ella , Damanik Simson
Published: January 2019

Pelayanan kesehatan merupakan salah satu upaya mencapai derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang setinggitingginya yang diselenggarakan oleh individu, kelompok, masyarakat, lembaga pemerintah ataupun swadaya masyarakat untuk memelihara dan meningkatkan kesehatan, mencegah, menyembuhkan penyakit, serta memulihkan kesehatan perseorangan, keluarga, kelompok, ataupun masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perilaku pencarian pengobatan nyeri odontogenik pada masyarakat berumur 21-50 tahun di Kecamatan Medan Polonia, Medan Baru, dan Medan Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian surveydeskriptif. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh masyaraka Kecamatan lingkar dalam Kota Medan. Sampel didapatkan dengan multistage random sampling yang berjumlah 300 orang masing-masing dari Kecamatan Medan Polonia, Medan Petisah, dan Medan Barat. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner untuk mengetahui perilaku pencarian pengobatan nyeri odontogenik pada tiga kecamatan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar masyarakat memilih pergi ke fasilitas pengobatan modern sebesar 47% dalam mengatasi nyeri odontogenik, mengobati diri sendiri sebesar 42%, pergi ke pengobatan tradisional 2%, dan tidak melakukan apa-apa 9%. Sebagai kesimpulannya masih banyak masyarakat yang melakukan tindakan tidak tepat dalam mengobati nyeri odontogenik yang dideritanya.

Health service is one of the efforts to achieve the highest level of public health conducted by individuals, groups, communities, government institutions or non-governmental organizations to maintain and improve health, to prevent, to cure diseases, and restore individuals, families, groups or communities health. The aim of the study was to determine the seeking behaviors for odontogenic pain treatment in communities aged 21-50 years in Medan Polonia, Medan Petisah, and Medan Barat sub-districts. The samples were obtained using multistage random sampling. There were 300 people from every sub-district. Data were collected using a questionnaire to determine the seeking behaviors for odontogenic pain treatment in the three sub-districts. The results showed most people chose to go to modern medical facilities 47% in dealing with odontogenic pain, self-healing 42%, applying traditional medicine 2%, and doing nothing 9%. In conclusion, there were still many people who take inappropriate actions in treating odontogenic pain.
Pengujian Kandungan Total Fenol Ekstrak Etanol Tempuyung (Shoncus arvensis L.)
Authors: Hapsari Annisa Mulia , Masfria Masfria , Dalimunthe Aminah
Published: January 2019

Daun tempuyung merupakan salah satu tumbuhan obat tradisional Indonesia yang banyak dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan batu ginjal, anti inflamasi, disentri, radang dan rematik. Tempuyung banyak mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang merupakan golongan fenol terbesar. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan pengumpulan dan persiapan sampel, skrining fitokimia, pembuatan ekstrak etanol, dan pengujian kandungan total fenol dengan metode kolorimetri pereaksi Folin-Ciocalteu menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan asam galat sebagai baku pembanding. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan daun tempuyung mengandung senyawa flavonoid. Penetapan kadar total fenol menggunakan metode spektrofotometri pereaksi Folin- Ciocalteu didapat nilai regresi y = 0,00077 x + 0,03667 dengan nilai r2 = 0,99757 sehingga didapat nilai rata – rata kadar total fenol 45,04 ± 0,46 mg GAE/g ekstrak.

Tempuyung is one of traditional medical plant in Indonesia and used in kidney stone medication, anti-inflammatory, dysentery, inflammation, and rheumatism. Tempuyung contains substantial flavonoid which considers as the biggest phenol. This research started from the preparation and sample collection, phytochemical screening, ethanol extract preparation, and total phenol test using colorimetry method usingFolin-Ciocalteu reagent byUV-Vis spectrophotometer and gallic acid as the standard compound. The phytochemical screening indicated that tempuyung leaves contained flavonoid compound. The total phenol contentwas determined using colorimetry method of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and resulted with regression value of y=0.00077 x+0.03667 and the value of r2=0.99757 and the average of total phenolcontent of 45.04 ± 0.46 mg GAE/g.
Pemeriksaan Flavonoid dan Polifenol serta Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Teh Daun Sirsak Kemasan (Annona Muricata Linn.) dengan Metode Dpph.
Authors: Mentari Chinty Indria , Sudarmi Sudarmi , Harun Fathur Rahman
Published: January 2019

Antioksidan berguna bagi kesehatan yakni untuk melindungi dan mengobati tubuh dari berbagai macam penyakit degeneratif dan kanker yang disebabkan oleh radikal bebas dengan cara menetralkannya. Salah satu tanaman yang dimanfaatkan sebagai antioksidan adalah daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn.). Masyarakat Indonesia menggunakan daun sirsak secara tradisional sebagai minuman fungsional yang dapat difungsikan antara lain sebagai obat herbal, namun bentuk teh daun sirsak kemasan belum banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat. Karena itu perlu dilakukan kajian tentang aktivitas antioksidan dalam teh daun sirsak, untuk menggali potensi daun sirsak sebagai minuman fungsional yang dapat difungsikan antara lain sebagai obat herbal. Penelitian ini melakukan pemeriksaan senyawa flavonoid dan polifenol yang berperan sebagai antioksidan dan mengukur aktivitas antioksidan pada ketiga sediaan teh daun sirsak kemasan menggunakan metode pemerangkapan radikal bebas DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazil), diukur pada panjang gelombang maksimum 516 nm setelah 60 menit pada suhu kamar. Hasil pemeriksaan sediaan teh daun sirsak kemasan memberikan hasil positif terhadap golongan senyawa flavonoid dan polifenol serta hasil aktivitas antioksidan dalam memerangkap radikal bebas DPPH diperoleh nilai Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) masing-masing STDSK pada K1: 1943 ppm, K2: 2287 ppm, dan K3 sebesar 2383 ppm. Diperoleh kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah masing-masing seduhan teh daun sirsak kemasan menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan dalam kategori sangat lemah.

Anti-oxidant is useful for heath to protect and cure the body from every degenerative disease and cancer by neutralized the free radical. One of the plants used as anti-oxidant is soursop leaves (Annonamuricata Linn.). Indonesian people use soursop leaves traditionally as herbal drinks. However, sachet soursop leaves tea has not been consumed often. Due to this fact, a study about the anti-oxidant activity in soursop leaves needs to be conducted to find more about soursop leaves potential that can be functioned as herbal drinks. This research was conducted to examine the flavonoid and polyphenol compoundsthat act as anti-oxidant in three sachets of soursop leaves tea using DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazil) and measured at 216 nm maximum wave length after 60 minutes in room temperature. The sachet soursop leaves tea examination gave positive result to flavonoid and polyphenol and the anti-oxidant activity in scavenging free radical ofDPPH resulted in Inhibitory Concentrations (IC50) of 1943 ppm, 2287 ppm, and 2383 ppm for K1, K2, and K3, respectively. It could be concluded that each sachet soursop leaves tea indicated weak category of anti-oxidant activities.
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Krim Ekstrak Beras Merah (Oryza Nivara L. ) Sebagai Antiaging
Authors: Hanum T. Ismanelly
Published: January 2019

Latar Belakang: Antiaging adalah sediaan untuk menghambat proses degeneratif sehingga menghambat timbulnya tanda-tanda penuaan pada kulit. Beras merah (Oryza nivara L.) memiliki kandungan antosianin yang merupakan senyawa fenolik yang bertindak sebagai antioksidan alami yang efektif untuk mencegah penuaan dini. Tujuan penelitian: untuk memformulasikan dan menguji aktivitas antiaging ekstrak beras merah dalam bentuk sediaan krim. Metodologi: pembuatan ekstrak beras merah, formulasi dalam bentuk sediaan krim dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak beras merah 5%, 7,5% dan 10%. Evaluasi sediaan krim meliputi uji homogenitas, tipe emulsi, pengukuran pH, viskositas, uji iritasi dan uji stabilitas seperti pengamatan organoleptis dan pH selama penyimpanan 12 minggu pada suhu kamar. Pengujian aktivitas anti-aging dilakukan terhadap sukarelawan dengan mengoleskan krim dua kali sehari pada kulit punggung tangan dan dilakukan pengukuran parameter kadar air, kehalusan kulit, besar pori, dan banyaknya noda menggunakan skin analyzer pada kondisi awal dan setiap minggu selama pemakaian 4 minggu. Hasil penelitian: ekstrak beras merah dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan krim yang homogen,tidak mengiritasi, dan stabil selama penyimpanan 12 minggu. Sediaan krim ekstrak beras merah 10% memiliki kadar air pada kulit lebih banyak, kulit yang lebih halus, ukuran pori yang lebih kecil dan jumlah noda lebih sedikit dibandingkan dari konsentrasi yang lainnya. Kesimpulan: ekstrak beras merah dapat diformulasi dalam bentuk sediaan krim sebagai antiaging setelah empat minggu pemakaian.

Background: Anti-aging is a substance to slow degenerative process in causing the signs of aging to skin. Red rice (Oryzanivara L.) contains anthocyanin which is a fenolicthat can be usedas an effective natural anti-oxidant to prevent premature aging. Research objectives: To formulate and evaluatethe anti-aging activity of red rice extract in cream solution with red rice extract concentration variation of 5%, 7%, and 10%. The cream evaluation included homogeneity test, emulsion type, pH measurement, viscosity, irritation test, stability test such as organoleptic and pH observation for 12 weeks in room temperature. The anti-aging activity test was conducted on volunteers by applyingthe cream twice a day to their skin at the back of hands and measuring the parameters, including water level, skin smoothness, pores size, and stains using skin analyzer to the initial state and for every 4 weeks use. Findings: Red rice extract could be formulated into homogenous cream, not irritating, and stable for 12 weeks storage period. The 10% red rice extracted cream had more water content to the skin, smoother skin, smaller pores size, and less stain than the other solutions. Conclusion: Red rice extract could be formulated in cream solution as anti-aging after 4 weeks use.
Penambatan In Siliko Senyawa Ester Naringenin Sebagai Antidiabetes
Authors: Nerdy Nerdy , Putra Effendy De Lux , Haro Ginda , Harahap Urip
Published: January 2019

Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit yang diderita oleh banyak orang di dunia. Banyak obat sintetik yang tersedia untuk pengobatan diabetes melitus. Namun, ada kebutuhan yang mendesak untuk menghasilkan obat antidiabetes yang lebih baik khususnya dari bahan alam. Literatur menunjukkan bahwa flavonoid merupakan metabolit sekunder dari tumbuhan yang berkhasiat sebagai antidiabetes yang baik. Naringenin merupakan flavonoid dari jeruk yang memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes. Senyawa turunan lipofilik dari flavonoid naringenin yang dalam bentuk ester dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antidiabetes dari senyawa induk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan aktivitas antidiabetes dari senyawa naringenin dan senyawa ester dari naringenin. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penambatan secara in siliko dari molekul senyawa uji naringenin, serta turunan ester dari naringenin dengan penambatan secara in siliko terhadap Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) yang diunduh via Protein Data Bank (PDB) dengan kode protein 1KHB. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses penambatan dengan program PLANTS, dan kemudian dilakukan evaluasi nilai energi ikatan hasil proses penambatan. Proses penambatan kembali molekul ligan asli ke dalam molekul kantung ikatan Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) diperoleh nilai Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) 0,7670 Å. Penambatan molekul senyawa uji senyawa turunan ester dari naringenin menunjukkan aktivitas yang lebih baik dengan nilai energi ikatan yang lebih rendah bila dibandingkan dengan senyawa induk naringenin.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease suffered by many around the world. There are many available synthetic medications for diabetes mellitus treatment. However, there are urgent needs to produce a better anti-diabetic especially from natural sources. Previous studiesindicated that flavonoid is asecondary metabolite from plants which has good anti-diabetic function. Naringenin is a flavonoid from orange which has anti-diabetic activity. The lipophilic derivative compound of naringenin flavonoid in ester form can increase the anti-diabetic activity from the parent compound. This research objectives were to determine the anti-diabetic activity of naringenin compounds and its ester compounds. This research was conducted using in silico docking ofcompound molecule of naringenin and also the ester derivation from naringenin with in silico docking to PhosphoenolpyruvateCarboxykinase (PEPCK) downloaded via Protein Data Bank (PDB) using 1 KHB protein code. Furthermore, docking process was conducted using PLANTS program, and also the bond energy value evaluation of the docking process. The ligand molecule docked in bag of bonds molecule (PhosphoenolpyruvateCarboxykinase (PEPCK) and the Root Mean Square Derivation (RMSD) with the value of 0.7670 Å was obtained. The naringenin ester derivation docking test indicated a better activity with a lower bond energy value than the naringenin parent compound.
Kajian Ketoksikan Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Markisah Ungu (Passiflora Edulis Sims.) Terhadap Hati Mencit
Authors: Ginting Herawaty , Dalimunthe Aminah , Pratama Edo Kusda
Published: January 2019

Latar belakang: Buah markisah ungu (Passiflora edulis Sims.) banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat sebagai minuman yang segar. Kulit buah markisah berkhasiat sebagai antihipertensi, antimikroba dan antiinflamasi Tujuan penelitian: untuk mengetahui dosis toksik (LD50), sehingga aman untuk digunakan sebagai obat. Metode penelitian: menggunakan mencit sebanyak 25 ekor yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol (Na-CMC 0,5%), kelompok perlakuan diberi ekstrak etanol kulit buah markisa ungu (EEKBMU) dengan variasi dosis 500, 1000, 2000 dan 5000 mg/kg bb). Pada akhir pengujian dilakukan pengamatan terhadap gejala toksik, berat badan, kematian hewan, serta pemeriksaan makropatologi dan gambaran histopatologi hati mencit. Hasil penelitian: pemberian EEKBMU (Passiflora edulis Sims.) untuk semua kelompok tidak ada hewan yang mati. Kelompok kontrol, dosis 500 mg/kg bb, 1000 mg/kg bb tidak menunjukkan gejala toksik tetapi pada dosis 2000 mg/kg bb dan 5000 mg/kg bb menunjukkan gejala toksik. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi organ hati mencit menunjukkan bahwa pemberian EEKBMU dosis 2000 mg/kg bb terjadi nekrosis hemorrhagia pada vena sentral, sedang dosis 5000 mg/kg bb terjadi nekrosis dan hemorrhagia yang meluas. Kesimpulan: EEKBMU dosis 2000 mg/kg bb dan 5000 mg/kg bb sangat toksik dan LD50 tidak dapat ditentukan

Background: Purple passion fruit (Passifloraedulis Sims.) is consumed a lot as fresh drinks. The rinds of purple passion fruit can be used as anti-hypertension, anti-microbes, and anti-inflammatory. Research objectives: To determine the toxic dose (LD50) so it could be safe to use as medicine. Research method: The animals used were 25 mice which were divided into 5 groups, the control group (Na-CMC 0.5%), the treatment group given the purple passion fruit rinds ethanol extract with dose of of 500, 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kb bb. the observations of the signs of toxicity, weights, deaths, and macrophatology and histophatologyexaminations of mice liver were conducted. Findings: The purple passion fruit rinds ethanol extract given to all groups didn’t induce mortality. The control group with the dose of 500 mg/kb bb, 1000 mg/kb bb showed no sign of toxicity obeserved. However, at the dose of 2000 mg/kb bb, and 5000 mg/kb bb were found sign of toxicity. The histophatologyexamination of mice livers indicated that the dose of2000 mg/kb bb caused hemorrhagia necrosis to central vena and the dose of5000 mg/kb bb caused expanded necrosis and hemorrhagia. Conclusion: Thepurple passion fruit rinds ethanol extractat the doses of2000 mg/kb bb and 5000 mg/kb bb were very toxic and the LD50 could not be determined.