bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and Functional Analyses of the Shedding Protease ADAM17 in HoxB8-Immortalized Macrophages and Dendritic-like Cells
Authors: Cabron Anne-Sophie , El azzouzi Karim , Boss Melanie , Arnold Philipp , Schwarz Jeanette , Rosas Marcela , Dobert Jan Philipp , Pavlenko Egor , Schumacher Neele , Renné Thomas , Taylor Philip R. , Linder Stefan , Rose-John Stefan , Zunke Friederike
Published: October 2018

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 17 has been implicated in many shedding processes. Major substrates of ADAM17 are TNF-α, IL-6R, and ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor. The essential role of the protease is emphasized by the fact that ADAM17 deficiency is lethal in mice. To study ADAM17 function in vivo, we generated viable hypomorphic ADAM17 mice called ADAM17ex/ex mice. Recent studies indicated regulation of proteolytic ADAM17 activity by cellular processes such as cytoplasmic phosphorylation and removal of the prodomain by furin cleavage. Maturation and thus activation of ADAM17 is not fully understood. So far, studies of ADAM17 maturation have been mainly limited to mouse embryonic fibroblasts or transfected cell lines relying on nonphysiologic stimuli such as phorbol esters, thus making interpretation of the results difficult in a physiologic context. In this article, we present a robust cell system to study ADAM17 maturation and function in primary cells of the immune system. To this end, HoxB8 conditionally immortalized macrophage precursor cell lines were derived from bone marrow of wild-type and hypomorphic ADAM17ex/ex mice, which are devoid of measurable ADAM17 activity. ADAM17 mutants were stably expressed in macrophage precursor cells, differentiated to macrophages under different growth factor conditions (M-CSF versus GM-CSF), and analyzed for cellular localization, proteolytic activity, and podosome disassembly. Our study reveals maturation and activity of ADAM17 in a more physiological-immune cell system. We show that this cell system can be further exploited for genetic modifications of ADAM17 and for studying its function in immune cells.
Distinct Roles for CD4+ Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells and IL-10–Mediated Immunoregulatory Mechanisms during Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania donovani
Authors: Bunn Patrick T. , Montes de Oca Marcela , de Labastida Rivera Fabian , Kumar Rajiv , Ng Susanna S. , Edwards Chelsea L. , Faleiro Rebecca J. , Sheel Meru , Amante Fiona H. , Frame Teija C. M. , Muller Werner , Haque Ashraful , Uzonna Jude E. , Hill Geoffrey R. , Engwerda Christian R.
Published: October 2018

The outcome of intracellular parasitic infection can be determined by the immunoregulatory activities of natural regulatory CD4+ Foxp3+ T (Treg) cells and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These mechanisms protect tissue but can also suppress antiparasitic CD4+ T cell responses. The specific contribution of these regulatory pathways during human parasitic diseases remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of Treg cells and IL-10 during experimental visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani infection of C57BL/6 mice. We report only a limited contribution of Treg cells in suppressing antiparasitic immunity, but important roles in delaying the development of splenic pathology and restricting leukocyte expansion. We next employed a range of cell-specific, IL-10– and IL-10R–deficient mice and found these Treg cell functions were independent of IL-10. Instead, conventional CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells were the most important cellular sources of IL-10, and the absence of IL-10 in either cell population resulted in greater control of parasite growth but also caused accelerated breakdown in splenic microarchitecture. We also found that T cells, dendritic cells, and other myeloid cells were the main IL-10–responding cells because in the absence of IL-10R expression by these cell populations, there was greater expansion of parasite-specific CD4+ T cell responses associated with improved control of parasite growth. Again, however, there was also an accelerated breakdown in splenic microarchitecture in these animals. Together, these findings identify distinct, cell-specific, immunoregulatory networks established during experimental visceral leishmaniasis that could be manipulated for clinical advantage.
Cutting Edge: Human Vagus Produces Specialized Proresolving Mediators of Inflammation with Electrical Stimulation Reducing Proinflammatory Eicosanoids
Authors: Serhan Charles N. , de la Rosa Xavier , Jouvene Charlotte C.
Published: October 2018

Inflammatory resolution is a process that, when uncontrolled, impacts many organs and diseases. As an active, self-limited inflammatory process, resolution involves biosynthesis of specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) (e.g., lipoxins, resolvins [Rv], protectins, and maresins). Because vagal stimulation impacts inflammation, we examined human and mouse vagus ex vivo to determine if they produce lipid mediators. Using targeted lipid mediator metabololipidomics, we identified lipoxins, Rv, and protectins produced by both human and mouse vagus as well as PGs and leukotrienes. Human vagus produced SPM (e.g., RvE1, NPD1/PD1, MaR1, RvD5, and LXA4) on stimulation that differed from mouse (RvD3, RvD6, and RvE3), demonstrating species-selective SPM. Electrical vagus stimulation increased SPM in both human and mouse vagus as did incubations with Escherichia coli. Electrical vagus stimulation increased SPM and decreased PGs and leukotrienes. These results provide direct evidence for vagus SPM and eicosanoids. Moreover, they suggest that this vagus SPM circuit contributes to a new proresolving vagal reflex.
Circulating Plasma Extracellular Vesicles from Septic Mice Induce Inflammation via MicroRNA- and TLR7-Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Xu Jinjin , Feng Yan , Jeyaram Anjana , Jay Steven M. , Zou Lin , Chao Wei
Published: October 2018

We have previously reported that a group of host cellular microRNAs (miRNAs; miR-34a-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-210-3p) are released into the blood during sepsis, some of which are capable of inducing complement activation, cytokine production, and leukocyte migration. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as vehicles for extracellular miRNA-mediated intercellular communication. However, the biological function of plasma EVs and the associated miRNAs in sepsis are largely unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that plasma EVs in sepsis are proinflammatory and EV-associated miRNAs are responsible for EV-induced cytokine production. Compared with those of sham mice, the plasma EVs from septic mice were slightly smaller (157 ± 2 versus 191 ± 6 nm, p < 0.0001), but more abundant [(1.6 ± 0.14) × 1010 versus (0.93 ± 0.14) × 1010/ml plasma, p < 0.003]. miRNA array revealed that among 65 miRNAs, 8 miRNAs exhibited >1.5-fold increase in septic EVs compared with sham EVs, including miR-126-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-222-3p, and miR-181a-5p. Septic but not sham EVs were proinflammatory, promoting IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIP-2 production. The effects of EVs were resistant to polymyxin B (an endotoxin inhibitor) but significantly inhibited by anti-miR inhibitors against miR-34a, miR-122, and miR-146a. Moreover, the septic EV-induced cytokine production was attenuated in TLR7−/− or MyD88−/− cells but remained the same in TLR3−/− or Trif−/− cells. In vivo, mice i.p. injected with septic EVs had marked peritoneal neutrophil migration, which was significantly attenuated in MyD88−/− mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate that plasma EVs of septic animals play an important role in inflammation, and EV-associated miRNAs likely mediate the cytokine production via TLR7-MyD88 signaling.
Additive triples of bijections, or the toroidal semiqueens problem
Authors: Eberhard Sean , Manners Freddie , Mrazović Rudi
Published: October 2018

We prove an asymptotic for the number of additive triples of bijections

\{1,\dots,n\}\to\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}

, that is, the number of pairs of bijections

\pi_1,\pi_2\colon \{1,\dots,n\}\to\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}

such that the pointwise sum

\pi_1+\pi_2

is also a bijection. This problem is equivalent to counting the number of orthomorphisms or complete mappings of

\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}

, to counting the number of arrangements of

n

mutually nonattacking semiqueens on an

n\times n

toroidal chessboard, and to counting the number of transversals in a cyclic Latin square. The method of proof is a version of the Hardy–Littlewood circle method from analytic number theory, adapted to the group

(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z})^n

.
Spectral stability under removal of small capacity sets and applications to Aharonov–Bohm operators
Authors: Abatangelo Laura , Felli Veronica , Hillairet Luc , Léna Corentin
Published: October 2018

We first establish a sharp relation between the order of vanishing of a Dirichlet eigenfunction at a point and the leading term of the asymptotic expansion of the Dirichlet eigenvalue variation, as a removed compact set concentrates at that point. Then we apply this spectral stability result to the study of the asymptotic behaviour of eigenvalues of Aharonov–Bohm operators with two colliding poles moving on an axis of symmetry of the domain.
Level repulsion for Schrödinger operators with singular continuous spectrum
Authors: Breuer Jonathan , Weissman Daniel
Published: October 2018

We describe a family of half-line continuum Schrödinger operators with purely singular continuous spectrum on

(0, \infty)

, exhibiting asymptotic strong level repulsion (known as clock behavior). This follows from the convergence of the renormalized continuum Christoffel–Darboux kernel to the sine kernel.
Infinite mass boundary conditions for Dirac operators
Authors: Stockmeyer Edgardo , Vugalter Semjon
Published: October 2018

We study a self-adjoint realization of a massless Dirac operator on a bounded connected domain

\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^2

which is frequently used to model graphene. In particular, we show that this operator is the limit, as

M\to \infty

, of a Dirac operator defined on the whole plane, with a mass term of size

M

supported outside

\Omega

.
Consistency in invertibility and Fredholmness of operator matrices
Authors: Cvetković-Ilić Dragana S. , Kostadinov Marko
Published: October 2018

In this paper we completely answer the following question: for given

A \in \mathcal B(\mathcal H,\mathcal K)

,

C \in \mathcal B(\mathcal H,\mathcal K)

does there exist operators

T \in \mathcal B(\mathcal H,\mathcal L)

and

S \in \mathcal B(\mathcal K)

such that the operator

\left[ {\begin{array}{cc} A & C \\ T & S \\ \end{array} } \right]

is consistent in invertibility and Fredholmness?
On the rate of mixing of circle extensions of Anosov maps
Authors: Naud Frédéric
Published: October 2018

Let

A: \mathbb T^2 \to \mathbb T^2

be an Anosov diffeomorphism. Circle extensions

\widehat A

are a rich family of non-uniformly hyperbolic diffeeomorphisms living on

\mathbb T^2 \times S^1

for which the rate of mixing is conjectured to be generically exponential. In this paper, using transfer operators on Anisotropic Hilbert spaces, we investigate the possible rates of exponential mixing by exhibiting some
explicit lower bounds
on the decay rate by spectral techniques. The rates obtained are related to the topological pressure of two times the unstable jacobian.
A Consensus Approach to Identify Tiered Competencies in Quality Improvement and Patient Safety
Authors: Kruszewski Brennan D. , Spell Nathan O.
Published: October 2018

Background

Quality improvement and patient safety (QI/PS) competencies have been proposed separately for undergraduate medical education (UME) and graduate medical education (GME). The work forms a foundation at each educational level, yet curriculum development would benefit from more specific guidance that considers the continuum of physician training.

Objective

We identified a core set of QI/PS items to be taught during medical school, residency, and independent practice, with specificity to guide curriculum development at each level.

Methods

A panel of 12 QI leaders and educators with backgrounds in internal medicine from 10 academic institutions participated in consensus development using a modified Delphi technique. Three rounds of anonymous surveys were conducted, followed by a teleconference and then a fourth survey round, until consensus regarding the relevance of candidate items was reached. Items considered relevant were recommended for teaching at 1 of the 3 stages.

Results

The panel identified 30 QI/PS items for learners. Of the 30 (80%), 24 were unanimously agreed on as relevant, while 6 of 30 (20%) had the agreement of 11 of the 12 experts and the assent of the remaining expert. Thirteen items were identified as appropriate for undergraduate medical education, 14 for graduate medical education, and 3 for the continuing professional development level.

Conclusions

There was a high degree of agreement among 12 internists from geographically diverse institutions on the relevance of 30 QI/PS items identified for trainees in competency-based educational settings.
Top-down estimates of black carbon emissions at high latitudes using an atmospheric transport model and a Bayesian inversion framework
Authors: Evangeliou Nikolaos , Thompson Rona L. , Eckhardt Sabine , Stohl Andreas
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This paper presents the results of BC inversions at high northern latitudes (> 50° N) for the 2013–2015 period. A sensitivity analysis was performed to select the best representative species for BC and the best a priori emission dataset. The same model ensemble was used to assess the uncertainty of the a posteriori emissions of BC due to scavenging and removal and due to the use of different a priori emission inventory. A posteriori concentrations of BC simulated over Arctic regions were compared with independent observations from flight and ship campaigns showing, in all cases, smaller bias, which in turn witnesses the success of the inversion. The annual a posteriori emissions of BC at latitudes above 50° N were estimated as 560±171 kt yr−1, significantly smaller than in ECLIPSEv5 (745 kt yr−1), which was used and the a priori information in the inversions of BC. The average relative uncertainty of the inversions was estimated to be 30 %.A posteriori emissions of BC in North America are driven by anthropogenic sources, while biomass burning appeared to be less significant as it is also confirmed by satellite products. In northern Europe, a posteriori emissions were estimated to be half compared to the a priori ones, with the highest releases to be in megacities and due to biomass burning in eastern Europe. The largest emissions of BC in Siberia were calculated along the transect between Yekaterinsburg and Chelyabinsk. The optimised emissions of BC were high close to the gas flaring regions in Russia and in western Canada (Alberta), where numerous power and oil and gas production industries operate. Flaring emissions in Nenets–Komi oblast (Russia) were estimated to be much lower than in the a priori emissions, while in Khanty-Mansiysk (Russia) they remained the same after the inversions of BC. Increased emissions at the borders between Russia and Mongolia are probably due to biomass burning in villages along the Trans-Siberian Railway. The maximum BC emissions in high northern latitudes (> 50° N) were calculated for summer months due to biomass burning and they are controlled by seasonal variations in Europe and Asia, while North America showed a much smaller variability.
Indications for a potential synchronization between the phase
evolution of the Madden-Julian oscillation and the solar 27-day cycle
Authors: Hoffmann Christoph G. , von Savigny Christian
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is a major source of intraseasonal variability in the troposphere. Recently, studies have indicated that also the solar 27-day variability could cause variability in the troposphere. Furthermore, it has been indicated that both sources could be linked, particularly, that the occurrence of strong MJO events could be modulated by the solar 27-day cycle. In this paper, we analyze whether the temporal evolution of the MJO phases could also be linked to the solar 27-day cycle. We basically count the occurrences of particular MJO phases as a function of time lag after the solar 27-day extrema in about 38 years of MJO data. Furthermore, we develop a quantification approach to measure the strength of such a possible relationship. and use this to compare the behavior for different atmospheric conditions and different datasets, among others. The significance of the results is estimated based on different variants of the Monte Carlo approach, which are also compared. We find indications for a synchronization between the MJO phase evolution and the solar 27-day cycle, which are most notable under certain conditions: MJO events with a strength greater than 0.5, during the easterly phase of the Quasi-biennial oscillation, and during boreal winter. The MJO appears to cycle through its 8 phases within 2 solar 27-day cycles. The phase relation between the MJO and the solar variation appears to be such that the MJO predominantly transitions from phase 8 to 1 or from phase 4 and 5 during the solar 27-day minimum. These results strongly depend on the used MJO index such that the synchronization is most clearly seen when using univariate indices like OMI in the analysis, but can hardly be seen with multivariate indices like RMM. A weaker dependence of the results on the underlying solar proxy is also observed. Although we think that these initial indications are already worth to be noted, we do not claim to unambiguously prove this relationship in the present study; neither in a statistical, nor in a causal sense. Instead, we challenge these initial findings ourselves in detail by varying underlying datasets and methods and critically discuss resulting open questions to lay a solid foundation for further research.
Comparison of flux gradient and chamber techniques to measure soil N2O emissions
Authors: Bai Mei , Suter Helen , Lam Shu Kee , Flesch Thomas K. , Chen Deli
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Improving the direct field measurement techniques to quantify gases emissions from the large agriculture farm is challenging. We compared nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions measured with static chambers to those from a newly developed micrometeorological flux gradient (FG) approach. Measurements were made at a vegetable farm following chicken manure application. The FG calculations were made with a single open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometer (height of 1.45 m) deployed in a slant-path configuration: sequentially aimed at retro reflectors at heights of 0.8 and 1.8 m above ground. Hourly emissions were measured with the FG technique, but once a day between 10:00 and 13:00 with chambers. We compared the concurrent emission ratios (FG/Chambers) between these two techniques, and found N2O emission rates from celery crop farm measured at mid-day by FG were statistically higher (1.4 times) than those from the chambers measured at the same time. Our results suggest the OP-FTIR slant-path FG configuration worked well in this study: it was sufficiently sensitive to detect the N2O gradients over our site, giving high temporal resolution N2O emissions corresponding to a large measurement footprint.
Morphology of GPS and DPS TEC over an equatorial station: validation of IRI and NeQuick 2 models
Authors: Odeyemi Olumide Olayinka , Adeniyi Jacob , Oladipo Olushola , Olawepo Olayinka , Adimula Isaac , Oyeyemi Elijah
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We investigated total electron content (TEC) at Ilorin (8.50∘ N
4.65∘ E, dip lat. 2.95) for the year 2010, a year of low solar
activity in 2010 with Rz=15.8. The investigation involved the use of TEC
derived from GPS, estimated TEC from digisonde portable sounder data (DPS),
and the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) and NeQuick 2 (NeQ) models.
During the sunrise period, we found that the rate of increase in DPS TEC, IRI
TEC, and NeQ TEC was higher compared with GPS TEC. One reason for this can be
attributed to an overestimation of plasmaspheric electron content (PEC)
contribution in modeled TEC and DPS TEC. A correction factor around the
sunrise, where our finding showed a significant percentage deviation between
the modeled TEC and GPS TEC, will correct the differences. Our finding
revealed that during the daytime when PEC contribution is known to be absent
or insignificant, GPS TEC and DPS TEC in April, September, and December
predict TEC very well. The lowest discrepancies were observed in May, June,
and July (June solstice) between the observed values and all the model values
at all hours. There is an overestimation in DPS TEC that could be due to
extrapolation error while integrating from the peak electron density of F2
(NmF2) to around ∼1000 km in the Ne profile. The
underestimation observed in NeQ TEC must have come from the inadequate
representation of contribution from PEC on the topside of the NeQ model
profile, whereas the exaggeration of PEC contribution in IRI TEC amounts to
overestimation in GPS TEC. The excess bite-out observed in DPS TEC and
modeled TEC indicates over-prediction of the fountain effect in these models.
Therefore, the daytime bite-out observed in these models requires a modifier
that could moderate the perceived fountain effect morphology in the models
accordingly. The daytime DPS TEC performs better than the daytime IRI TEC and
NeQ TEC in all the months. However, the dusk period requires attention due to
the highest percentage deviation recorded, especially for the models, in
March, November, and December. Seasonally, we found that all the TECs
maximize and minimize during the March equinox and June solstice,
respectively. Therefore, GPS TEC and modeled TEC reveal the semiannual
variations in TEC.
Epistemic uncertainties and natural hazard risk assessment – Part 1: A review of different natural hazard areas
Authors: Beven Keith J. , Almeida Susana , Aspinall Willy P. , Bates Paul D. , Blazkova Sarka , Borgomeo Edoardo , Freer Jim , Goda Katsuichiro , Hall Jim W. , Phillips Jeremy C. , Simpson Michael , Smith Paul J. , Stephenson David B. , Wagener Thorsten , Watson Matt , Wilkins Kate L.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This paper discusses how epistemic uncertainties are currently considered in the most widely occurring natural hazard areas, including floods, landslides and debris flows, dam safety, droughts, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic ash clouds and pyroclastic flows, and wind storms. Our aim is to provide an overview of the types of epistemic uncertainty in the analysis of these natural hazards and to discuss how they have been treated so far to bring out some commonalities and differences. The breadth of our study makes it difficult to go into great detail on each aspect covered here; hence the focus lies on providing an overview and on citing key literature. We find that in current probabilistic approaches to the problem, uncertainties are all too often treated as if, at some fundamental level, they are aleatory in nature. This can be a tempting choice when knowledge of more complex structures is difficult to determine but not acknowledging the epistemic nature of many sources of uncertainty will compromise any risk analysis. We do not imply that probabilistic uncertainty estimation necessarily ignores the epistemic nature of uncertainties in natural hazards; expert elicitation for example can be set within a probabilistic framework to do just that. However, we suggest that the use of simple aleatory distributional models, common in current practice, will underestimate the potential variability in assessing hazards, consequences, and risks. A commonality across all approaches is that every analysis is necessarily conditional on the assumptions made about the nature of the sources of epistemic uncertainty. It is therefore important to record the assumptions made and to evaluate their impact on the uncertainty estimate. Additional guidelines for good practice based on this review are suggested in the companion paper (Part 2).
Epistemic uncertainties and natural hazard risk assessment – Part 2: What should constitute good practice?
Authors: Beven Keith J. , Aspinall Willy P. , Bates Paul D. , Borgomeo Edoardo , Goda Katsuichiro , Hall Jim W. , Page Trevor , Phillips Jeremy C. , Simpson Michael , Smith Paul J. , Wagener Thorsten , Watson Matt
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Part 1 of this paper has discussed the uncertainties arising from gaps in
knowledge or limited understanding of the processes involved in different
natural hazard areas. Such deficits may include uncertainties about
frequencies, process representations, parameters, present and future boundary
conditions, consequences and impacts, and the meaning of observations in
evaluating simulation models. These are the epistemic uncertainties that can
be difficult to constrain, especially in terms of event or scenario
probabilities, even as elicited probabilities rationalized on the basis of
expert judgements. This paper reviews the issues raised by trying to quantify
the effects of epistemic uncertainties. Such scientific uncertainties might
have significant influence on decisions made, say, for risk management, so it
is important to examine the sensitivity of such decisions to different
feasible sets of assumptions, to communicate the meaning of associated
uncertainty estimates, and to provide an audit trail for the analysis. A
conceptual framework for good practice in dealing with epistemic
uncertainties is outlined and the implications of applying the principles to
natural hazard assessments are discussed. Six stages are recognized, with
recommendations at each stage as follows: (1) framing the analysis, preferably with
input from potential users; (2) evaluating the available data for epistemic uncertainties,
especially when they might lead to inconsistencies; (3) eliciting information on sources
of uncertainty from experts; (4) defining a workflow that will give reliable and accurate
results; (5) assessing robustness to uncertainty, including the impact on any
decisions that are dependent on the analysis; and (6) communicating the findings and meaning
of the analysis to potential users, stakeholders, and decision makers. Visualizations are
helpful in conveying the nature of the uncertainty outputs, while recognizing that the
deeper epistemic uncertainties might not be readily amenable to visualizations.
From wind to loads: wind turbine site-specific load estimation with surrogate models trained on high-fidelity load databases
Authors: Dimitrov Nikolay , Kelly Mark C. , Vignaroli Andrea , Berg Jacob
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We define and demonstrate a procedure for quick assessment of site-specific
lifetime fatigue loads using simplified load mapping functions (surrogate
models), trained by means of a database with high-fidelity load simulations.
The performance of five surrogate models is assessed by comparing
site-specific lifetime fatigue load predictions at 10 sites using an
aeroelastic model of the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine. The surrogate
methods are polynomial chaos expansion, quadratic response surface, universal
Kriging, importance sampling, and nearest-neighbor interpolation. Practical
bounds for the database and calibration are defined via nine environmental
variables, and their relative effects on the fatigue loads are evaluated by
means of Sobol sensitivity indices. Of the surrogate-model methods,
polynomial chaos expansion provides an accurate and robust performance in
prediction of the different site-specific loads. Although the Kriging
approach showed slightly better accuracy, it also demanded more computational
resources.
Accounting Theory and Its Impact on Adoption of Sustainability Reporting Dimensions - A Field Study
Authors: Bashatweh Ammar Daher Mamdouh
Published: October 2018

The main objective of the study was to identify the effect of the adoption of accounting theories (agency theory, signaling theory, theory of legitimacy, stockholders theory) in the disclosure of sustainability dimensions (economic dimension, environmental dimension, social dimension). To achieve the objective of the study, the sample of the study included Jordanian public shareholding companies which belong to the financial, industrial and service sectors. The study sample consisted of 20 public shareholding companies distributed among various sectors.The study found out that is a statistically significant effect on the adoption of accounting theories in the disclosure of sustainability dimensions when studying the dimensions combined. The study recommended the need to increasing the commitment of public shareholding companies to apply the principle of transparency and disclosure of their environmental, social and economic activities, as well as recommending the management of public shareholding companies to the necessity of diversity in the interests of all parties associated with them.
A Literature Review of the Perspectives of CEO Pay: An Analysis of Issues and Controversies
Authors: Manuere Faitira , Hove Precious
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on various theories that are used in organisations today to determine executive compensation. This paper analyses the relevance of the theories that are used to determine CEO compensation in modern corporations. The paper makes an attempt to review extensively the literature on CEO compensation. This paper looks at the concerns of sixteen theories of executive compensation. This paper further analyses the special features that are associated with CEO pay. These features help us to understand the problems that experts on executive pay experience when they try to define the exact CEO pay when compared to other rewards that are non financial. The drivers of executive pay are quantified and qualified in order to provide the conceptual background needed to understand the core factors that determine executive pay. Therefore the role of institutional investors in driving managerial salary is explored in detail. Finally, the effects of firm size and good corporate governance on executive pay are carefully analysed.
Reabilitação de dentes afetados pela Hipomineralização Molar-Incisivo (HMI): um relato de caso com 16 meses de acompanhamento
Authors: Da Silva-Júnior Ivam Freire , De Oliveira Carlota Rocha , Berwig Paula Da Silva , Schardosim Lisandrea Rocha
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico de uma criança diag­nosticada com Hipomineralização Molar-Incisivo (HMI) severa, apresentando a proposta terapêutica e o acom­panhamento. Relato de caso: uma paciente do sexo fe­minino, com 6 anos de idade, foi levada a um serviço odontológico com queixa principal de “dor no dente de baixo (lado direito)”. No exame clínico, foram consta­tadas opacidades demarcadas no esmalte dentário, de coloração variando de branco a tons de marrom, carac­terísticas de hipomineralização, nas superfícies vestibu­lares dos dentes 12, 11, 21, 32, 31 e 41 e nas oclusais do 16 e 26, sem perda de estrutura dentária. Nos dentes 36 e 46, observaram-se, além das opacidades demarca­das, fraturas de esmalte pós-eruptivas associadas com lesões ativas de cárie em dentina. Clinicamente e ra­diograficamente, não havia sinais de comprometimen­to da saúde pulpar. A criança foi então diagnosticada com HMI. O tratamento consistiu em restauração direta em resina composta dos elementos 36 e 46. Após 16 meses, observou-se que não houve perda de material restaurador em ambas as restaurações. A criança não relatou sensibilidade dentinária e nem sintomatologia dolorosa. Considerações finais: o tratamento proposto para o caso mostrou-se satisfatório durante o período avaliado, pois recuperou a funcionalidade dos dentes afetados pela HMI e não houve mais eventos de sensi­bilidade e dor.
Conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas em atendimento de pacientes com coagulopatias hereditárias
Authors: Leite Rafaella Bastos , Nascimento Rayssa Nunes da Mota , Soares Renata De Souza Coelho , Marsson Andreza Cristina de Lima Targino , Barboza Carlos Augusto Galvão , Gomes Raquel Cristina Barboza
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento dos cirurgiões-den­tistas que trabalham nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) com Equipes de Saúde Bucal (ESB) modalidade I, no município de Campina Grande, sobre o atendi­mento odontológico de pacientes com coagulopatias hereditárias. Sujeitos e método: por meio de questio­nário autoaplicável, foi feita uma entrevista com os cirurgiões-dentistas do município em questão para ana­lisar os seus conhecimentos. Participaram da pesquisa 24 profissionais que se encaixaram nos critérios de in­clusão e responderam de forma adequada o questioná­rio com questões objetivas, sendo que os participantes foram orientados a assinalar somente uma alternativa para cada questionamento. Resultados: a maioria dos profissionais é formada há mais de 10 anos. A média de acertos das respostas foi de 50%. Em relação aos achados clínicos que determinam a possível presença de distúrbio hemorrágico, 44% afirmaram que são: púr­pura, sangramento gengival espontâneo e hemartrose. Os pacientes considerados de risco elevado para o tra­tamento odontológico foram: pacientes sem distúrbios hemorrágicos revelados, mas com exames complemen­tares alterados; pacientes em tratamento com AAS; e pacientes em tratamento com anticoagulante por via oral. A maioria (68%) não considera a utilização de su­gadores de saliva como risco para sangramento bucal. Os procedimentos odontológicos que os profissionais não se sentem seguros a executar, nesse tipo de pacien­te, foram: exodontias (88%); tratamento periodontal cirúrgico (76%); raspagem e alisamento coronoradicular (RACR) (28%); anestesia do nervo alveolar inferior ou outros (24%); tratamento endodôntico (20%); e anes­tesia infiltrativa (8%). Conclusão: os dados obtidos na pesquisa mostraram que o conhecimento dos cirurgi­ões-dentistas das UBS do município de Campina Gran­de não é satisfatório, havendo dúvidas sobre a maioria dos tratamentos odontológicos direcionados aos pa­cientes com coagulopatias hereditárias.
Produção especializada no SUS em capitais brasileiras com centros de especialidades odontológicas: uma análise descritiva
Authors: San Martin Alissa Schmidt , Conde Ketlen , Morales Luane , Corrêa Marcos Britto , Conde Marcus Cristian Muniz , Chisini Luiz Alexandre
Published: October 2018

Centros de especialidades odontológicos (CEOs) são es­tabelecimentos de saúde de âmbito especializado que devem realizar uma quantidade mínima de procedi­mentos. Objetivos: descrever a produção odontológica especializada e reportar o cumprimento das metas nas capitais brasileiras com CEOs. Materiais e método: foi conduzido um estudo do tipo longitudinal retrospecti­vo, sendo realizada uma busca por CEOs cadastrados no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES). A produção odontológica foi pesquisada no Sis­tema de Informações Ambulatoriais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIASUS), de maio de 2015 a abril de 2016. Resultados: foram encontrados e considerados elegíveis para o presente estudo 59 CEOs, localizados em 19 ca­pitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal, sendo 48% CEOs tipo II. Cerca de 730 mil procedimentos especializados foram realizados durante os 12 meses avaliados. Uma taxa de 86% das metas foi cumprida, sendo que cirurgia foi a área com maior cumprimento (92%), seguida de periodontia (89%) e endodontia (76%). Uma das capi­tais apresentou apenas 33% das metas cumpridas. Três capitais não atingiram nenhuma das metas estabeleci­das em procedimentos de endodontia. Conclusão: foi observada uma grande variação no cumprimento das metas entre as capitais com CEOs. Enquanto algumas capitais apresentaram elevado cumprimento das metas, outras exibiram dados preocupantes, principalmente nos procedimentos de endodontia.
Consumo de álcool entre os trabalhadores da saúde da família
Authors: Carlos Maria Aparecida , Herval Álex Moreira , Gontijo Liliane Parreira Tannús
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: identificar o padrão e a prevalência de con­sumo de bebida alcoólica entre trabalhadores de equi­pes de Saúde da Família. Materiais e método: estudo transversal conduzido com 118 trabalhadores da Saú­de da Família. Os dados foram coletados por meio um questionário socioeconômico e ocupacional e do Tes­te de Identificação dos Transtornos do Uso de Álcool, cujos resultados foram analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: o uso de álcool foi observado em 50% dos profissionais de saúde. Dos que faziam uso de álcool, 41% revelaram ter consumido seis ou mais doses de álcool em uma única ocasião (binge), 19% alegaram ao menos um episódio de binge por mês, 12% disseram beber mensalmente, 8% semanalmente e 2% todos ou quase todos os dias. Conclusões: o uso de álcool entre profissionais da saúde da família foi considerado similar à população brasileira. Contudo, entre os trabalhadores que fazem uso do álcool, chamou a atenção a frequên­cia elevada de uso em binge.
Protocolo de atendimento odontológico a pacientes usuários de terapia antitrombótica
Authors: Pesse Maura Sodré , De Macedo Leandro Dorigan , Mestriner Soraya Fernandes , Nogueira Bataglion Cristiane Aparecida
Published: October 2018

Muitos pacientes que necessitam de intervenção odon­tológica, atualmente, são usuários de terapia medica­mentosa antitrombótica. Essa condição se mostra pre­valente, considerando que problemas cardiovasculares afetam grande parte da população. Objetivo: construir um protocolo clínico para o Serviço de Odontologia e Estomatologia do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, a partir de evidências cien­tíficas. Revisão de literatura: foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados eletrônicas Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e Public MedLine (PubMed), nos idiomas português e inglês, do período entre 2013 e 2017. Após obtenção dos periódicos, fo­ram selecionados os que se tratavam de estudos clí­nicos e seguiu-se com tradução, leitura e análise dos artigos. Com base nas evidências científicas, optou-se por construir o protocolo a partir da classe de medica­mento utilizada pelos usuários de terapia antitrombó­tica (antiagregantes plaquetários, anticoagulantes orais e novos anticoagulantes orais) e orientações (pré, intra e pós-operatórias) para cada procedimento odontológi­co. Considerações finais: o protocolo clínico estabele­ceu parâmetros para condutas clínicas e cirúrgicas em atendimento ambulatorial e hospitalar, possibilitando o cuidado integral aos usuários de terapia antitrombótica. Futuros estudos clínicos são necessários para validação e adequação para seu uso em diferentes serviços.
Eu, eu mesma e o português: experiência dos meus (des)encontros com a língua portuguesa
Authors: Murta Michelle Andréa
Published: October 2018

Relato de experiência
Agora sim, cheguei ao Brasil
Authors: Nangombe SAARA NALITYE
Published: October 2018

Relato de experiência
BREVE MEMÓRIA DE UM APRENDIZ: UM OLHAR SOBRE MEUS CAMINHOS EM DIREÇÃO À LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Saintil Sudly Amonsen Raphael
Published: October 2018

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POLÍTICAS LINGUÍSTICAS DE (IN)VISIBILIZAÇÃO DE ESTUDANTES IMIGRANTES E REFUGIADOS NO ENSINO BÁSICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Diniz Leandro Rodrigues Alves , Neves Amélia De Oliveira
Published: October 2018

Como reflexo de um cenário internacional de migrações de crise, tem aumentado, no Ensino Básico brasileiro, o número de estudantes estrangeiros (INSTITUTO UNIBANCO, 2018), o que reforça a importância de políticas sensíveis à heterogeneidade linguística. Afiliado à Linguística Aplicada Indisciplinar / Transgressiva (MOITA LOPES, 2006; PENNYCOOK, 2006), este artigo objetiva, justamente, contribuir para o planejamento dessas políticas linguísticas. Para tanto, primeiramente, analisamos alguns elementos de documentos educacionais, argumentando que, no Currículo Básico Comum de Minas Gerais (CBC), o multilinguismo é apagado porque não se fala sobre ele, enquanto, na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), ele é silenciado enquanto se fala sobre ele. Posteriormente, defendemos a necessidade de uma "educação linguística ampliada" (CAVALCANTI, 2013), destacando que, a despeito de algumas políticas recentes no campo do chamado Português como Língua de Acolhimento (PLAc) na Educação Básica, a formação de pedagogos e professores ainda é, em geral, marcada pela tradição monolíngue. Além disso, analisamos o funcionamento e alguns efeitos do que temos chamado de "discurso da falta", o qual, no campo do ensino de PLAc, deriva, em grande medida, de um modelo "autônomo" de letramento, criticado por Street (1984; 2013). Concluímos nosso artigo enfatizando a importância de se desnaturalizarem algumas evidências já sedimentadas na área de PLAc, colocando em suspensão seu próprio nome.
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty in Young Patients
Authors: Wagner Eric R. , Robinson William A. , Houdek Matthew T. , Moran Steven L. , Rizzo Marco
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

This investigation compares the outcomes of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) arthroplasty in patients older than and younger than 60 years.

Methods:

Overall, 299 consecutive, primary PIP arthroplasties were performed over a 14-year period, including 126 arthroplasties performed in patients younger than 60 years. In younger patients group, a higher rate of posttraumatic and inflammatory arthritis was observed.

Results:

In patients younger than 60 years, 32 (25%) revision surgeries occurred. Risk of revision surgery was associated with younger age. The 10-year implant survival rate was 72% for the patients younger than 60 years versus 86% for those older than 60 years. Silicone implants decreased the risk of revision surgery, although it was increased in posttraumatic arthritis. The most common complication in young patients was dislocation (n = 21). At a mean follow-up of 6.4 years, pain levels had significantly improved in patients younger than 60 years, and PIP range of motion and pinch strength were maintained. However, older patients had improved PIP motion compared with younger patients.

Conclusions:

Younger age leads higher revision rates after PIP arthroplasty, particularly in the posttraumatic setting.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic, level III
Fat Embolism and Fat Embolism Syndrome
Authors: Rothberg David L. , Makarewich Christopher A.
Published: October 2018

Fat embolism (FE) occurs frequently after trauma and during orthopaedic procedures involving manipulation of intramedullary contents. Classically characterized as a triad of pulmonary distress, neurologic symptoms, and petechial rash, the clinical entity of FE syndrome is much less common. Both mechanical and biochemical pathophysiologic theories have been proposed with contributions of vascular obstruction and the inflammatory response to embolized fat and trauma. Recent studies have described the relationship of embolized marrow fat with deep venous thrombosis and postsurgical cognitive decline, but without clear treatment strategies. Because treatment is primarily supportive, our focus must be on prevention. In trauma, early fracture stabilization decreases the rate of FE syndrome; however, questions remain regarding the effect of reaming and management of bilateral femur fractures. In arthroplasty, computer navigation and alternative cementation techniques decrease fat embolization, although the clinical implications of these techniques are currently unclear, illustrating the need for ongoing education and research with an aim toward prevention.
The Association of Financial Distress With Disability in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Mertz Kevin , Eppler Sara L. , Thomas Kevin , Alokozai Aaron , Yao Jeffrey , Amanatullah Derek F. , Chou Loretta , Wood Kirkham B. , Safran Marc , Steffner Robert , Gardner Michael , Kamal Robin N.
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Increased out-of-pocket costs have led to patients bearing more of the financial burden for their care. Previous work has shown that financial burden and distress can affect outcomes, symptoms, satisfaction, and adherence to treatment. We asked the following questions: (1) Does patients' financial distress correlate with disability in patients with nonacute orthopaedic conditions? (2) Do patient demographic factors affect this correlation?

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional, observational study of new patients presenting to a multispecialty orthopaedic clinic with a nonacute orthopaedic complication. Patients completed a demographics questionnaire, the InCharge Financial Distress/Financial Well-Being Scale, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson's correlation.

Results:

The mean score for financial distress was 4.10 (SD, 2.09; scale 1 [low distress] to 10 [high distress]; range, 1.13 to 10.0), and the mean disability score was 0.54 (SD, 0.65; scale 0 to 3; range, 0 to 2.75). A moderate positive correlation exists between financial distress and disability (r = 0.43; P < 0.01). Financial distress and disability were highest for poor, uneducated, Medicare patients.

Conclusions:

A moderate correlation exists between financial distress and disability in patients with nonacute orthopaedic conditions, particularly in patients with low socioeconomic status. Orthopaedic surgeons may benefit from identifying patients in financial distress and discussing the cost of treatment because of its association with disability and potentially inferior outcomes. Further investigation is needed to test whether decreasing financial distress decreases disability.

Level of Evidence:

Level III prospective cohort
Ultrasound and MRI features of lipomatosis of the median nerve: A case study
Authors: GUNDOGMUS Cemal Aydin , BUGDAYCI Onur , ARIBAL Mustafa Erkin
Published: October 2018

We present a case of a 10 year-old girl with slowly enlarging,painless mass at the volar aspect of her left hand. The lesionhad been present since infancy. Diagnosis was lipomatosis ofthe median nerve which is a very rare, benign tumor involvingperipheral nerves. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) andultrasound (US) features of this lesion are discussed.
Follow-up after acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Barco Stefano , Klok Frederikus
Published: October 2018

In addition to among others major bleeding from anticoagulant therapy and recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), patients who survived acute pulmonary embolism (PE) face an increased risk of chronic functional limitations and decreased quality of life. In recent years, this latter complications have been better framed within the evolving definition of “post-PE syndrome” of which chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) represents the most extreme presentation. The post-PE syndrome in all its aspects is a frequent and clinically relevant long-term complication of PE but -except for CTEPH- has been largely understudied. There is great need to better define and understand the natural course of acute PE, to predict the development of the post-PE syndrome and to evaluate the potential benefits evolving treatments such as cardiopulmonary rehabilitation.
Diagnosis of acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Robert-Ebadi Helia , Righini Marc
Published: October 2018

During the last three decades, considerable advances in the management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) have improved diagnostic accuracy and made management algorithms safer, easier to use and well standardized. These diagnostic algorithms are mainly based on the assessment of clinical pretest probability, D-Dimer measurement and imaging tests, mainly computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). These diagnostic algorithms allow a safe and cost-effective diagnosis for most patients with suspected PE.

In this review, we discuss current existing evidence for PE diagnosis, the challenge of diagnosing PE in special patient populations, as well as novel imaging tests for PE diagnosis.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 14, No. 11
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: October 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 14, No. 11, 2018.