bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Повышение экономической эффективности объектов по программе реновации в Москве
Authors: РЕСИН Владимир Иосифович , ДМИТРИЕВ Александр Николаевич , ВАЛУЙ Андрей Александрович
Published: March 2024

В статье рассматривается история двух московских городских программ реконструкции и реновации пятиэтажной жилой застройки, начиная с конца 1990-х гг. и до настоящего времени. Приводится зарубежный опыт ряда стран. Даны результаты натурных экспериментов по санации зданий и исследований экономических проблем при разных способах реконструкции жилых микрорайонов. Приведены результаты комплексной оценки эффективности реновации на примере конкретного дома в Москве, а также сформулированы предложения по повышению экономической эффективности объектов, включенных в программу реновации. Успеху реализации программы может и должен помочь поиск инновационных решений по снижению себестоимости жизненного цикла объектов реновации, с использованием цифровых методов и полномасштабных возможностей технологии информационного моделирования, а также увеличение коэффициента жилой площади квартир за счет разработки оптимальных решений при проектировании.
Деятельность строительного комплекса Москвы в области адаптации к изменениям климата
Authors: МАРЧЕНКОВА Светлана Васильевна
Published: March 2024

Вопросы адаптации к изменениям климата являются важными и приоритетными при формировании экономики с низким выбросом парниковых газов. Рассмотрены ключевые направления деятельности строительного комплекса Москвы в области учета климатических изменений. Указаны основные документы, в соответствии с которыми осуществляется работа в данном направлении. Отражены предложения по развитию нормативно-технической базы по проектированию и строительству объектов капитального строительства с учетом актуальных региональных климатических данных. Особое внимание уделено обеспечению высоких требований по энергоэффективности объектов жилищного строительства. Приведены прогрессивные технические решения, материалы и оборудование для реализации установленных требований, а также опыт реализации пилотного проекта по автоматической передаче показаний индивидуальных приборов учета горячей и холодной воды в многоквартирных домах. Представленные мероприятия направлены на реализацию Климатической доктрины России, повышение энергоэффективности и энергосбережения при строительстве или эксплуатации городских объектов, декарбонизацию строительной отрасли столицы и улучшение в результате экологической обстановки, повышение комфорта и качества жизни горожан.
Состояние вопроса сейсмостойкости узлов сопряжения безбалочных плит перекрытия
Authors: ТАМРАЗЯН Ашот Георгиевич , КАРАНДЕЕВ Максим Владимирович
Published: March 2024

Безбалочная плита, благодаря своим многочисленным достоинствам, является наиболее распространенным вариантом железобетонного монолитного перекрытия в промышленном и гражданском строительстве. Однако в сейсмически опасных районах возможность применения данного типа плит ограничена ввиду их меньшей прочности и жесткости, чем у балочного перекрытия. Одно из слабых мест плоских плит - узел соединения с колонной, который одновременно подвергается воздействию вертикальной нагрузки и изгибающего момента. В статье приведен обзор отечественных и зарубежных нормативных документов, а также научных работ, посвященных вопросам расчета и проектирования узлов сопряжения безбалочных плит перекрытий. Представлены методы расчета, различные теоретические модели работы узлов при действии сейсмической и вертикальной нагрузок. Отмечается различный уровень исследованности рассматриваемого вопроса в нашей стране и за рубежом, что приводит к ограниченности или даже невозможности применения безбалочных плит перекрытий. Частично это выражается в замещении расчетных формул по оценке несущей способности узла сопряжения конструктивными требованиями, не имеющими существенного обоснования.
Моделирование работы водоотводящих сетей при наличии в них вредных газообразных веществ
Authors: ОРЛОВ Владимир Александрович , МЕЛЬНИК Ольга Валериевна
Published: March 2024

Изучены вопросы физического и математического моделирования работы самотечного водоотводящего трубопровода из полимерного материала и керамики в целях возможности предупреждения негативных экологических последствий при выбросе вредных и токсичных газов в атмосферу городов из водоотводящей сети. Приведены исследования динамики изменения гидравлических и аэродинамических показателей при течении жидкости и газа в подсводном пространстве керамического трубопровода. Составлен алгоритм решения задачи на основе расчета критериев гидродинамического подобия, описывающих явления массообмена в результате принудительной конвекции воздуха путем использования механической системы вентилирования агрессивной воздушно-капельной массы над зеркалом воды. С помощью специальной программы автоматизированного расчета определены общая масса вредных газов, выделяемых из воды в подсводное пространство трубопровода, время удаления поступающих в подсводное пространство сероводорода в концентрациях, значительно превышающих их предельно допустимые значения в атмосфере города, а также время удаления газообразных веществ в зависимости от наполнения воды в самотечном трубопроводе.
Особенности воздушного режима высотного здания в холодный период года
Authors: ВОРОБЬЕВ Владимир Игоревич
Published: March 2024

Воздушный режим высотных зданий в холодный период года имеет особенности, прежде всего связанные с эффектом тяги. В статье рассмотрены наиболее распространенные варианты систем механической вентиляции с целью решения проблем по формированию значительных перепадов давления на ограждающих конструкциях. На основе математического моделирования проведен анализ воздушного режима высотного здания в холодный период года с учетом эффекта тяги и работы систем вентиляции. Выявлены преимущества и недостатки различных способов снижения негативного влияния эффекта тяги на воздушный режим высотного здания. Установлено, что при достижении положительного дисбаланса в шахтах лифта удалось снизить перепады давления на ключевых ограждениях во входных зонах жилой и офисной частей здания. Наиболее выгодным оказался способ снижения температуры воздуха в лифтовых шахтах, однако его применение эффективнее всего будет в совокупности с другими мероприятиями.
Расчет воздухообмена и воздухораспределения в объеме зрительных залов театров
Authors: ДЕНИСИХИНА Дарья Михайловна , АВЕРЬЯНОВ Владимир Константинович , ЦЫГАНКОВ Александр Васильевич
Published: March 2024

Использование современных методов численного моделирования параметров микроклимата и углекислого газа позволяет рассчитать воздухораспределение и определить необходимый воздухообмен для течений с одновременным действием свободной и вынужденной конвекции, т. е. там, где традиционные подходы к расчету воздухообмена и воздухораспределения не могут дать точных результатов. В частности, численные методы позволяют получать поля температуры, концентрации углекислого газа, подвижности воздуха для сложных вентиляционных течений в зрительных залах театров. Приведены результаты исследования параметров микроклимата и углекислого газа в объеме зрительного зала, формирующиеся при различных схемах воздухораспределения. Кроме того, проанализирована взаимосвязь коэффициентов воздухообмена по температуре и углекислому газу. Расчет и проектирование систем вентиляции и кондиционирования зрительных залов с помощью численных методов дают возможность получить достоверные распределения параметров микроклимата и углекислого газа по объему помещения, а также повысить качество проектных работ.
Влияние уклона рельефа дна при расчете морских гидротехнических сооружений
Authors: КОНДАКОВ Борис Ильич , РУТМАН Юрий Лазаревич
Published: March 2024

Исследование влияния строения морского дна на давление, вызываемое волнами цунами, не потеряло актуальности. Как минимум, об этом свидетельствует отсутствие учета данных параметров в формулах действующих норм и правил по расчету нагрузки от цунами на морские гидротехнические сооружения. Причиной, побуждающей проводить исследование по поиску параметра, учитывающего уклон основания, является то, что практически все морские гидротехнические сооружения находятся на непологих основаниях. С другой стороны, понимая причинно-следственную связь между уклоном основания и нагрузкой от цунами, можно более детально уделять внимание планировке основания сооружения и тем самым влиять в нужную сторону на нагрузку от цунами. В данной статье с помощью ряда численных экспериментов обосновывается необходимость в частных (определенных) случаях учитывать особенности параметров строения дна акватории, а именно: уклон дна морских прибрежных гидротехнических сооружений при определении нагрузки от цунами.
Сравнение теоретически и эмпирически полученных динамических параметров балки
Authors: БАКУСОВ Павел Анатольевич , ОСТРОВСКАЯ Надежда Владимировна , ТЕТУШКИН Сергей Сергеевич
Published: March 2024

В статье приведены результаты серии натурных испытаний шарнирно опертой балки, подверженной динамическому воздействию. Для исследования использовались современные компактные цифровые велосиметры, предназначенные для измерения значений виброскоростей элементов конструкций. По результатам измерений производилась оценка амплитудно-частотных спектров. Приведено сравнение собственных частот системы, полученных эмпирически, численно с помощью конечно-элементного расчета и аналитически, согласно теоретической модели балки Бернулли-Эйлера. Показано, что отклонения результатов от эталонного значения дают удовлетворительный разброс, поэтому данная методика натурных испытаний может использоваться для практических и учебно-методических целей. В дальнейшем можно развить рассмотренную экспериментальную методику определения динамических параметров для применения на более сложных объектах (рамы, фермы), а также для использования в системах с различными способами закрепления.
Наночастицы серебра в технологическом процессе водоподготовки фонтанов
Authors: ГУРДИН Роман Александрович , ВАСИЛЬЕВ Виктор Михайлович , ФЕОФАНОВ Юрий Александрович , ПОДПОРИН Александр Владимирович , ЧЕРНИКОВ Николай Андреевич , БЕЛЯЕВ Андрей Николаевич
Published: March 2024

В современном мире, характеризующимся стремительным ростом урбанизации и непрерывным развитием городских пространств, поддержание высокого стандарта окружающей среды становится одной из приоритетных задач. Фонтаны воплощают в себе элементы эстетики и покоя в динамичной городской среде. Вместе с тем их обслуживание требует инновационных подходов. Одним из важнейших аспектов поддержания чистоты и бактериологической безопасности воды в фонтанах является обеззараживание. В статье рассматривается инновационный подход к обеззараживанию воды в них с помощью олигодинамического раствора серебра и меди. Показано, как данный метод находит свое применение в технологических процессах обработки воды для фонтанов. Проведенные испытания свидетельствуют об эффективности предлагаемой технологии обеззараживания воды. Параметры качества воды в фонтане соответствовали требованиям, предъявляемым к питьевой воде. Значения окислительно-восстановительных процессов дополнительно подтвердили эффективность предложенного метода обеззараживания воды от бактериологического загрязнения.
Tuning Dielectric Constant of P3HT by Ultrasound-Induced Aggregation
Authors: Park Byoung-Nam
Published: March 2024

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a semiconducting polymer, is integral to the development of organic electronic devices. Its optoelectronic properties are significantly influenced by the nature of its intermolecular interactions, predominantly classified as J-type and H-type couplings. This study investigates the effect of sonication on the dielectric properties of P3HT, focusing on the transition from J-type (or less prominent H-type) to H-type intermolecular interactions, accompanied by disorder-order transformation. The research determined that sonication leads to a significant change in the dielectric properties of P3HT by forming distinct ordered regions interspersed within disordered or quasi-ordered areas. Specifically, there is an observable transition from J-type to H-type aggregation, which has profound effects on the material's electronic structure and optoelectronic performance. This transition was confirmed by changes in the absorption and photoluminescence spectra, indicating a more localized electronic character and the formation of non-emissive excitons in the case of H-aggregates. Increased dielectric constant after sonication is attributed to interface polarization, especially the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars polarization. This effect is likely because new interfaces are created between the ordered regions and disordered/quasi-ordered regions within the P3HT material, where charges can accumulate as a result of disorder-order transformation. Our research contributes to the broader understanding of polymer physics and the development of organic electronic devices by showing how the manipulation of microstructural environments can control material properties.
The Draper’s Assistant and Mary Shelley’s Lost Journal
Authors: Coffey Bysshe Inigo
Published: March 2024

Among the Abinger Papers in the Bodleian Library is a document, MS. Abinger c. 73, fols. 99–104, the testimony of one William Tyler, a draper’s assistant from Marlow, Buckinghamshire who wrote poems and saw the Shelleys plain. Jane, Lady Shelley (the wife of the Shelleys’ only surviving son, Sir Percy Florence) gathered as many reminiscences of her father-in-law as she could. Tyler’s is by far the longest. (Appended to this essay is a transcription of his testimony reproduced in full for the first time). Tyler has been virtually erased from the literary and biographical records of the Shelleys, save for one footnote. Edward Dowden made use of his testimony for The Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley (1886), but whilst some of Tyler’s words are artfully deployed to bolster the memories of another, others are cut from the record altogether. This essay tells the remarkable story of Tyler, a man unknown to fame, who deserves to be remembered. For one, he provides the only surviving verbatim record of the contents of a journal kept by Mary Shelley which covered the events of May 1815 to June 1816. Who was William Tyler and how did he come to turn those lost pages?
Queen Mab and the Origins of Economic Value
Authors: Stephens Paul
Published: March 2024

Scholarship on Shelley’s economic thought has long acknowledged his embrace of the labour theory of value. This essay offers a more probing account of the poet’s investigations into the origins of economic value. Focusing on Queen Mab (1813), it situates Shelley’s value theory in relation to competing theories and examines his engagement with his cited sources, including works by Jean-Jacques Rousseau and William Godwin. It argues that Shelley moves beyond this work to encompass unacknowledged sources, including John Locke’s theory of property rights and Adam Smith’s discussion of value in the Wealth of Nations, enabling him to formulate his own version of the pure labour theory of value. The essay thus provides a richer examination of the philosophical foundations of Shelley’s early economic thought, connecting these ideas to aspects of his ethics and epistemology.
Repetitive pulsed-wave ultrasound stimulation suppresses neural activity by modulating ambient GABA levels via effects on astrocytes
Authors: Mishima Tatsuya , Komano Kenta , Tabaru Marie , Kofuji Takefumi , Saito Ayako , Ugawa Yoshikazu , Terao Yasuo
Published: March 2024

Ultrasound is highly biopermeable and can non-invasively penetrate deep into the brain. Stimulation with patterned low-intensity ultrasound can induce sustained inhibition of neural activity in humans and animals, with potential implications for research and therapeutics. Although mechanosensitive channels are involved, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neuromodulation by ultrasound remain unknown. To investigate the mechanism of action of ultrasound stimulation, we studied the effects of two types of patterned ultrasound on synaptic transmission and neural network activity using whole-cell recordings in primary cultured hippocampal cells. Single-shot pulsed-wave (PW) or continuous-wave (CW) ultrasound had no effect on neural activity. By contrast, although repetitive CW stimulation also had no effect, repetitive PW stimulation persistently reduced spontaneous recurrent burst firing. This inhibitory effect was dependent on extrasynaptic—but not synaptic—GABAA receptors, and the effect was abolished under astrocyte-free conditions. Pharmacological activation of astrocytic TRPA1 channels mimicked the effects of ultrasound by increasing the tonic GABAA current induced by ambient GABA. Pharmacological blockade of TRPA1 channels abolished the inhibitory effect of ultrasound. These findings suggest that the repetitive PW low-intensity ultrasound used in our study does not have a direct effect on neural function but instead exerts its sustained neuromodulatory effect through modulation of ambient GABA levels via channels with characteristics of TRPA1, which is expressed in astrocytes.
A jump in the atrioventricular conduction curve is not caused by a switch from fast pathway to slow pathway conduction
Authors: Zhang Youhua
Published: March 2024

Background: A jump in the atrioventricular (AV) conduction curve is the current clinical criterion of dual-pathway electrophysiology. However, the assumption that a jump indicates a switch from fast pathway (FP) to slow pathway (SP) conduction remains unconfirmed. This study was carried out to investigate whether a jump indeed indicates a transition from FP to SP conduction, and if not, what the potential cause is.

Methods: Eighty-one experimental records from rabbit AV nodal preparations containing the following data were analyzed: 1) had at least one AV conduction curve and 2) had recording of His electrogram alternans (a validated new index of dual-pathway conduction). Most cases also had intracellular action potential recordings from the AV nodal fibers.

Results: Of the 81 preparations, 11 (13%) showed a jump in the AV conduction curve. The jumps always occurred after the FP to SP transition. The FP–SP transition occurred at prematurity at 196 ± 39 ms versus the jump at 114 ± 13 ms (p < 0.001). The beat with a jump showed an SP–FP pattern in seven and an SP–SP pattern in four preparations. The jumps were always associated with and most likely caused by the formation of intranodal/nodal–atrial reentry and its subsequent conduction, rather than a switch from FP to SP conduction.

Conclusion: Contrary to what has been assumed, a transition from FP to SP conduction does not produce a jump in the AV conduction curve. A jump in the AV conduction curve is most likely caused by the formation of intranodal/nodal–atrial reentry and its subsequent conduction.
Prediction of Ship Main Particulars for Harbor Tugboats Using a Bayesian Network Model and Non-Linear Regression
Authors: Karaçay Ömer Emre , Karatuğ Çağlar , Uyanık Tayfun , Arslanoğlu Yasin , Lashab Abderezak
Published: March 2024

Determining the key characteristics of a ship during the concept and preliminary design phases is a critical and intricate process. In this study, we propose an alternative to traditional empirical methods by introducing a model to estimate the main particulars of diesel-powered Z-Drive harbor tugboats. This prediction is performed to determine the main particulars of tugboats: length, beam, draft, and power concerning the required service speed and bollard pull values, employing Bayesian network and non-linear regression methods. We utilized a dataset comprising 476 samples from 68 distinct diesel-powered Z-Drive harbor tugboat series to construct this model. The case study results demonstrate that the established model accurately predicts the main parameters of a tugboat with the obtained average of mean absolute percentage error values; 6.574% for the Bayesian network and 5.795%, 9.955% for non-linear regression methods. This model, therefore, proves to be a practical and valuable tool for ship designers in determining the main particulars of ships during the concept design stage by reducing revision return possibilities in further stages of ship design.
Early Bloomer and Future Master: Getting to the Top of the Modern Badminton World
Authors: Hsu Jen-Hao , Fan Chiang Hung-Chieh , Lin Hsin-Lun , Lee Duan-Shin , Yao Zai-Fu
Published: March 2024

The road to the top is never easy. This study investigated whether the career trajectories of top-level men’s and women’s badminton players could be predicted by their age at first major debut and the time taken to reach the top 150. Data from the BWF from October 2009 to October 2022 were analyzed using a predictive linear regression model with Bayesian inference, adjusting for anthropometric factors. The results suggested that age at debut influences career high rankings among over 120 elite players. Additionally, observations challenged the Matthew effect in early-career success for young players, proposing that inherent talent may be more significant than early nurturing. The study also examined the potential impact of relative age and early specialization in sports.
Applying Self-Supervised Learning to Image Quality Assessment in Chest CT Imaging
Authors: Pouget Eléonore , Dedieu Véronique
Published: March 2024

Many new reconstruction techniques have been deployed to allow low-dose CT examinations. Such reconstruction techniques exhibit nonlinear properties, which strengthen the need for a task-based measure of image quality. The Hotelling observer (HO) is the optimal linear observer and provides a lower bound of the Bayesian ideal observer detection performance. However, its computational complexity impedes its widespread practical usage. To address this issue, we proposed a self-supervised learning (SSL)-based model observer to provide accurate estimates of HO performance in very low-dose chest CT images. Our approach involved a two-stage model combining a convolutional denoising auto-encoder (CDAE) for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction and a support vector machine for classification. To evaluate this approach, we conducted signal detection tasks employing chest CT images with different noise structures generated by computer-based simulations. We compared this approach with two supervised learning-based methods: a single-layer neural network (SLNN) and a convolutional neural network (CNN). The results showed that the CDAE-based model was able to achieve similar detection performance to the HO. In addition, it outperformed both SLNN and CNN when a reduced number of training images was considered. The proposed approach holds promise for optimizing low-dose CT protocols across scanner platforms.
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in Breast Cancer: Prognostic and Predictive Significance across Molecular Subtypes
Authors: Ciarka Aleksandra , Piątek Michał , Pęksa Rafał , Kunc Michał , Senkus Elżbieta
Published: March 2024

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are pivotal in the immune response against breast cancer (BC), with their prognostic and predictive significance varying across BC subtypes. In triple-negative BC (TNBC), higher TIL levels correlate with improved prognosis and treatment response, guiding therapeutic strategies and potentially offering avenues for treatment de-escalation. In metastatic TNBC, TILs identify patients with enhanced immunotherapy response. HER2+ BC, similar to TNBC, exhibits positive correlations between TILs and treatment response, especially in neoadjuvant settings. Luminal BC generally has low TILs, with limited prognostic impact. Single hormone receptor-positive BCs show distinct TIL associations, emphasizing subtype-specific considerations. TILs in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) display ambiguous prognostic significance, necessitating further investigation. Standardizing TIL assessment methods is crucial for unlocking their full potential as biomarkers, guiding treatment decisions, and enhancing patient care in BC.
The Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Molecular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Cervical Ripening: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Flis Wojciech , Socha Maciej W.
Published: March 2024

The uterine cervix is one of the key factors involved in ensuring a proper track of gestation and labor. At the end of the gestational period, the cervix undergoes extensive changes, which can be summarized as a transformation from a non-favorable cervix to one that is soft and prone to dilation. During a process called cervical ripening, fundamental remodeling of the cervical extracellular matrix (ECM) occurs. The cervical ripening process is a derivative of many interlocking and mutually driving biochemical and molecular pathways under the strict control of mediators such as inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and reactive oxygen species. A thorough understanding of all these pathways and learning about possible triggering factors will allow us to develop new, better treatment algorithms and therapeutic goals that could protect women from both dysfunctional childbirth and premature birth. This review aims to present the possible role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the cervical ripening process, emphasizing possible mechanisms of action and regulatory factors.
Effect of Anodic Oxidation Pulse Voltage on Antibacterial Properties and Biocompatibility of Ti-Ag Alloy
Authors: Ma Zhen , Yan Yudong , Shi Chang , Di Kexin , Xu Jianwei , Liu Qicong , Mu Liting , Zheng Jianming , Hu Jiali , Zhang Erlin
Published: March 2024

For the application of titanium and titanium alloys in orthopedic implant materials, the antibacterial properties and cell biocompatibility determine whether the implant surgery is successful. In this study, a functional anodic oxidation (AO) coating was successfully prepared to modify the surface of Ti-Ag alloy. The surface characteristics of the anodized Ti-Ag alloy were analyzed using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements. The corrosion characteristics of Ti-Ag samples were tested by an electrochemical workstation. In addition, the antibacterial properties and cell activity were studied by the plate count method and MC3T3-E1 cell staining. The results indicate that the AO process can generate a multi-functional TiO2/Ag2O coating with a large number of block and flower-like structures on the surface of a Ti-Ag alloy. When the AO voltage of the sample is 120 V, the maximum roughness is 0.73 μm and the minimum wetting degree is 23°, which improves the biocompatibility. The corrosion test results show that AO treatment can improve the corrosion resistance of a Ti-Ag alloy. The oxidation voltage is 20 V and the coating has the best corrosion resistance. The corrosion open circuit potential (Eocp) is 107.621 mV and the corrosion current density (icorr) is 2.241 × 10−8 A·cm−2. This coating can promote ion release and show more than 99% of a strong antibacterial ability against S. aureus. The results of the compatibility evaluation by cultured cells showed that the multifunctional coating formed by the anodic oxidation process did not cause cytotoxicity and promoted the adhesion of MC3T3-E1 cells.
Energetic Features of H-Bonded and π-Stacked Assemblies in Pyrazole-Based Coordination Compounds of Mn(II) and Cu(II): Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Boro Mridul , Baishya Trishnajyoti , Frontera Antonio , Barceló-Oliver Miquel , Bhattacharyya Manjit K.
Published: March 2024

Two new coordination compounds comprising Mn(II) and Cu(II) viz. [Mn(bz)2(Hdmpz)2(H2O)] (1) and [Cu(crot)2(Hdmpz)2] (2) (where, bz = benzoate; crot = crotonate; Hdmpz = 3, 5-dimethyl pyrazole) were synthesized and characterized. The characterization involved a single crystal X-ray diffraction technique, FT-IR spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy, TGA, and elemental analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 crystallize as mononuclear entities of Hdmpz with penta-coordinated Mn(II) and hexa-coordinated Cu(II), respectively. These complexes exhibit distorted trigonal bipyramidal and distorted octahedral geometries, respectively. A crystal structure analysis of compound 1 elucidates the existence of C–H⋯π and π-stacking interactions alongside O–H⋯O, N–H⋯O, and C–H⋯O H-bonding interactions contributing to the stabilization of the compound’s layered assembly. Similarly, in compound 2, the crystal structure stability is attributed to the presence of hydrogen bonding in conjugation with π-stacking interactions. We conducted theoretical investigations to analyze π⋯π, H-bonding, and antiparallel CH···π non-covalent interactions observed in compounds 1 and 2. DFT calculations were performed to find out the strength of these interactions energetically. Moreover, QTAIM and non-covalent interaction (NCI) plot index theoretical tools were employed to characterize them and evaluate the contribution of the H-bonds.
Value of Non-Coding RNA Expression in Biofluids to Identify Patients at Low Risk of Pathologies Associated with Pregnancy
Authors: Cordier Anne-Gael , Zerbib Elie , Favier Amélia , Dabi Yohann , Daraï Emile
Published: March 2024

Pregnancy-related complications (PRC) impact maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality and place a huge burden on healthcare systems. Thus, effective diagnostic screening strategies are crucial. Currently, national and international guidelines define patients at low risk of PRC exclusively based on their history, thus excluding the possibility of identifying patients with de novo risk (patients without a history of disease), which represents most women. In this setting, previous studies have underlined the potential contribution of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to detect patients at risk of PRC. However, placenta biopsies or cord blood samples are required, which are not simple procedures. Our review explores the potential of ncRNAs in biofluids (fluids that are excreted, secreted, or developed because of a physiological or pathological process) as biomarkers for identifying patients with low-risk pregnancies. Beyond the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in placental development and vascular remodeling, we investigated their specific expressions in biofluids to determine favorable pregnancy outcomes as well as the most frequent pathologies of pregnant women. We report distinct ncRNA panels associated with PRC based on omics technologies and subsequently define patients at low risk. We present a comprehensive analysis of ncRNA expression in biofluids, including those using next-generation sequencing, shedding light on their predictive value in clinical practice. In conclusion, this paper underscores the emerging significance of ncRNAs in biofluids as promising biomarkers for risk stratification in PRC. The investigation of ncRNA expression patterns and their potential clinical applications is of diagnostic, prognostic, and theragnostic value and paves the way for innovative approaches to improve prenatal care and maternal and fetal outcomes.
CfCHLM, from Cryptomeria fortunei, Promotes Chlorophyll Synthesis and Improves Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wei Guangqian , Zhang Yingting , Yang Ye , Yang Junjie , Xu Jin
Published: March 2024

Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase (CHLM) is essential for the synthesis of chlorophyll (chl). However, no CHLM gene has been reported in Chinese cedar (Cryptomeria fortunei). Here, we cloned the CHLM gene from C. fortunei, and the full-length CfCHLM sequence was 1609 bp, with a 1077 bp ORF region encoding a protein 358 amino acids long. A homologous comparison analysis showed that CfCHLM was highly evolutionarily conserved among different plant species. A phylogenetic tree was drawn using CHLM proteins from ten angiosperms and three gymnosperms, and CfCHLM was found to be most closely related to the TcCHLM protein of Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis). The CfCHLM is located in chloroplasts and does not exhibit self-activation. The expression of CfCHLM was highest in the needles and was downregulated under abiotic stress, i.e., cold, heat, drought, or salt stress. Under cold, heat, drought, and salt abiotic stresses, CfCHLM transgenic A. thaliana showed higher chl fluorescence parameters, elevated chl levels, increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. Conversely, it showed a lower stomatal conductance (Gs), a reduced transpiration rate (Tr), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to the wild type (WT). In summary, the CfCHLM gene augments chloroplast function, photosynthetic capacity, and stress resistance in plants. This study provides a reference for future research on the growth and development of C. fortunei.
Preparation, Purification, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Rice Bran Fermentation Broth with Hypsizigus marmoreus
Authors: Chi Yanping , Kang Lining , Liu Xiangying , Sun Hongrui , Meng Yue , Zhang Jialin , Kang You , Dai Yonggang
Published: March 2024

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the composition, characterization and antioxidant activity of rice bran fermentation broth, and provide a new way for high-value utilization of rice bran. Firstly, we fermented rice bran with Hypsizigus marmoreus and purified fermentation broth with macroporous resins. We took feruloyl oligosaccharides (FOs) concentration as the measure index, and the results showed that the maximum concentration of FOs was 0.72 mmol/L on the 6th day of rice bran fermentation. We took D101 macroporous resin as adsorption resin for rice bran fermentation broth, and the result showed that FOs concentration reached 2.38 mmol/L with the optimal purification process at pH 4.5, temperature 29 °C, ethanol concentration 55%, sample flow rate 1.5 mL/min, sample concentration 1.7 mL/min and elution flow rate 2.0 mmol/L. Secondly, the characters of rice bran fermentation broth were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These methods showed the presence of ferulic acid (FA), arabinose, xylose and glucose in rice bran fermentation broth. Finally, the in vitro antioxidant activities of rice bran fermentation broth were tested and the result showed that fermentation broth had good antioxidant activities and significantly improved after purification.
Visiting with Elders—Aging, Caregiving, and Planning for Future Generations of American Indians and Alaska Natives
Authors: Allick Cole , Bogic Marija
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: To address the importance of engaging American Indian and Alaska Native Elders in a dialogue about healthy aging and fill the gap in the scholarly literature on this topic. (2) Methods: This study conducted a listening session with Elders who attended the 2021 National Indian Council on Aging (NICOA) Annual Conference in Reno, Nevada. The listening session was audio-recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis by two analysts. (3) Results: Important insights regarding American Indian and Alaska Native Elders’ perspectives on planning for future care and aging-related diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. (4) Conclusions: This study is one of the first to engage American Indian and Alaska Native Elders in a conversation about health aging. Calls for intergenerational solidarity, protection of Elders, education, and relationality were found to be important themes.
Disentangling Gender and Relative Age Effects in Women’s and Girls’ Rugby Union
Authors: Kelly Adam L. , Coutinho Diogo , Radnor John M. , Burke Kate , Barrell Donald , Jackson Daniel , Brustio Paolo R.
Published: March 2024

Relative age effects (RAEs) within sports refer to the overrepresentation of athletes born earlier in the selection year and the underrepresentation of those born later in the selection year. Research examining RAEs in women’s and girls’ rugby union remains limited in comparison to the male literature, whilst the impacts of RAEs on the youth–senior transition are yet to be explored in a female sport context. As such, the purpose of this study was to examine RAEs during entry into the women’s and girls’ premiership and international rugby union pathways in England, as well as to compare them to their respective senior cohort (n = 1367): (a) U18 England Rugby Centre of Excellence Player (n = 325) vs. Senior Premiership Player (n = 868), and (b) U18 England Player (n = 49) vs. Senior England Player (n = 125). Chi-square (χ2) analyses compared birth quarter (BQ) distributions against expected distributions. The findings revealed no significant difference in BQ distributions at either youth or senior levels, as well as no significant differences in the BQ distributions of those who were likely to transition from youth to senior levels (all p > 0.05). Importantly, though, descriptive statistics showed a skewed birthdate distribution in both U18 England Rugby Centre of Excellence Player (BQ1 = 30% vs. BQ4 = 20%) and U18 England Player cohorts (BQ1 = 33% vs. BQ4 = 18%). We highlight the gender-specific mechanisms that potentially explain the variations between male and female RAEs in rugby union, including developmental differences, sport popularity, and sociocultural norms. We also warn against a ‘copy and paste’ template from the male provision to ensure the recent growth of female rugby union does not fall victim to the same RAEs in the future.
Exploring Possible Links: Thigh Muscle Mass, Apolipoproteins, and Glucose Metabolism in Peripheral Artery Disease—Insights from a Pilot Sub-Study following Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Ikeda Takeshi , Komiyama Hidenori , Miyakuni Tomoyo , Takano Masamichi , Asai Kuniya
Published: March 2024

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) compromises walking and physical activity, which results in further loss of skeletal muscle. The cross-sectional area of the thigh muscle has been shown to be correlated with systemic skeletal muscle volume. In our previous pilot study, we observed an increase in thigh muscle mass following endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with proximal vascular lesions affecting the aortoiliac and femoropopliteal arteries. Considering the potential interactions between skeletal muscle, lipid profile, and glucose metabolism, we aimed to investigate the relationship between thigh muscle mass and apolipoproteins as well as glucose metabolism in PAD patients undergoing EVT. This study is a prespecified sub-study conducted as part of a pilot study. We prospectively enrolled 22 symptomatic patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and above-the-knee lesions, specifically involving the blood vessels supplying the thigh muscle. The mid-thigh muscle area was measured with computed tomography before and 6 months after undergoing EVT. Concurrently, we measured levels of apolipoproteins A1 (Apo A1) and B (Apo B), fasting blood glucose, 2 h post-load blood glucose (using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test), and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Changes in thigh muscle area (delta muscle area: 2.5 ± 8.1 cm2) did not show significant correlations with changes in Apo A1, Apo B, fasting glucose, 2 h post-oral glucose tolerance test blood glucose, HbA1c, or Rutherford classification. However, among patients who experienced an increase in thigh muscle area following EVT (delta muscle area: 8.41 ± 5.93 cm2), there was a significant increase in Apo A1 (pre: 121.8 ± 15.1 mg/dL, 6 months: 136.5 ± 19.5 mg/dL, p < 0.001), while Apo B remained unchanged (pre: 76.4 ± 19.2 mg/dL, 6 months: 80.5 ± 4.9 mg/dL). Additionally, post-oral glucose tolerance test 2 h blood glucose levels showed a decrease (pre: 189.7 ± 67.5 mg/dL, 6 months: 170.6 ± 69.7 mg/dL, p = 0.075). Patients who exhibited an increase in thigh muscle area demonstrated more favorable metabolic changes compared to those with a decrease in thigh muscle area (delta muscle area: −4.67 ± 2.41 cm2). This pilot sub-study provides insights into the effects of EVT on thigh muscle, apolipoproteins, and glucose metabolism in patients with PAD and above-the-knee lesions. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings and establish their clinical significance. The trial was registered on the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000047534).
Study on the Effect of Nanoporous Copper Particle Size on Copper-Based Azide
Authors: Wang Jiabao , Ren Jie , Li Shuang , Li Mingyu , Zeng Qingxuan
Published: March 2024

Preparing copper-based azide by in situ reaction is well-suited for MEMS processing technology and holds promising prospects in the field of MEMS micro-initiators. This study involved the preparation of porous copper with particle sizes of approximately 30 nm, 60 nm and 100 nm through powder sintering. These were used as precursors for a gas–solid in situ azide reaction to produce copper-based azide with varying morphologies and compositions. Copper-based azide micro-initiators were designed, and their output performance was evaluated using CL-20 and HNS-IV explosives. Analytical results revealed that the product from the reaction of the 100 nm precursor exhibited a lumpy and uneven structure with a conversion rate of 90.36%. The product from the 60 nm precursor reaction had a dense surface with a conversion rate of 94.56%, while the 30 nm precursor resulted in a needle-like form with a conversion rate of 92.82%. Detonation experiments demonstrated that the copper-based azide micro-initiators prepared with 100 nm of a porous copper precursor exhibited unstable output performance, requiring a 1.6 mg charge to successfully detonate CL-20 explosives. On the other hand, copper-based azide micro-initiators prepared from 60 nm and 30 nm of porous copper precursors exhibited stable output performance. A charge of 0.8 mg was adequate for reliably and consistently detonating CL-20 and HNS-IV explosives. The reduced particle size of the precursor enhanced the output performance of the copper-based azide micro-initiators, providing increased energy redundancy during detonation and improving overall usage reliability.
Phonon Pseudoangular Momentum in α-MoO3
Authors: Li Meiqi , Li Zhibing , Chen Huanjun , Wang Weiliang
Published: March 2024

In recent studies, it has been discovered that phonons can carry angular momentum, leading to a series of investigations into systems with three-fold rotation symmetry. However, for systems with two-fold screw rotational symmetry, such as α-MoO3, there has been no relevant discussion. In this paper, we investigated the pseudoangular momentum of phonons in crystals with two-fold screw rotational symmetry. Taking α-MoO3 as an example, we explain the selection rules in circularly polarized Raman experiments resulting from pseudoangular momentum conservation, providing important guidance for experiments. This study of pseudoangular momentum in α-MoO3 opens up a new degree of freedom for its potential applications, expanding into new application domains.
Design Considerations for Continuous Wave Intracavity Backwards Optical Parametric Oscillators
Authors: Kneller Josh , Flannigan Liam , Xu Chang-Qing
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we report a theoretical systematic study of continuous wave intracavity backwards optical parametric oscillators based on periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) for mid-infrared (mid-IR) light generation. We study the effects of varying different cavity parameters including nonlinear crystal length, cavity size, pump laser diode spot size, output coupler radius, and cavity loss values on the output power and threshold of the proposed mid-IR laser. The effects of different physical phenomena are included in the model including pump depletion due to the nonlinear conversion process, the thermal lens effect, and mode overlap between the beams in the nonlinear crystal. We show that high output powers in the mid infrared (>500 mW at 3.2 μm) can be achieved with proper cavity design and that a laser threshold with a PPLN as short as 2 cm can be reached.
Cooperation of the Commune and Parish in Poland in XXI Century as the Implementation of Community Activities
Authors: Tokarska Dorota
Published: March 2024

The commune and the parish are units of two divisions: government and church administration. Both were created for the better functioning of structures and the implementation of central activities: government and the mission of the Church. Their functioning is based on meeting the needs of the local community. In turn, their goals, although seemingly divergent, often overlap, because the main mission of both types of units is the good of community members. Therefore, it was deemed necessary to address in this article the issue of methods of cooperation at the lowest level between local government authorities and parish priests operating in the commune. This article presents a theoretical introduction, analyzing the ways in which both spheres operate, with an emphasis on places of cooperation in order to create a unified community, which is defined as both a commune and a parish. The aim of this article is to outline a framework for future empirical research that could clearly indicate the factors shaping the methods and forms of cooperation between these two entities.
Social Climber Sebagai Aktualisasi Diri Dimediasi Harga Diri Dan Gaya Hidup Hedonis Terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif
Authors: Purnama Sari Desak Made Febri , Putri Oktapia Ida Ayu Putu
Published: March 2024

Balinese people, including the people of Sanur, are thick with cultural diversity. Therefore, there is no day without religious activities. Various types of products are needed to support religious activities, for example in terms of fashion. The increasing fulfilment of means of supporting religious activities such as kebaya, kamen, and luxurious and contemporary accessories has become commonplace for women. Creating changes in the social environment by showing that consuming modern and luxurious religious support facilities with a hedonistic lifestyle can increase social status and self-esteem. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of the role of self-esteem and hedonic lifestyle in modulating the impact of social climbers on consumer behaviour. The study focused on a population of women residing in Sanur. A purposive selection strategy was used to select a sample of 136 respondents. The quantitative research approach involved the use of questionnaires to obtain data. The data analysis methodology used was Structural Equation Model - Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The research findings show that social climbing has an important and positive impact on self-esteem and hedonic lifestyle. In addition, self-esteem has a positive and significant effect on consumer behaviour, while hedonic lifestyle has a negative and significant effect on consumptive behaviour. Furthermore, social climbing has a positive and significant effect on consumptive behaviour. In addition, self-esteem plays an important role in mediating the relationship between social climbing and consumptive behaviour, with a positive and significant effect. Finally, hedonic lifestyle mediates the relationship between social climbers and consumer behaviour negatively and significantly.