bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of plant density and row spacing on maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield in different crop year
Authors: Murányi Eszter
Published: July 2015

Nowadays the aim of crop production is to realize the highest possible yield per production area unit by the highest possible crop safety. One of the possible ways for this is to increase of plant density or to decrease row spacing. Therefore, the plant number per unit area can be increased and the potential yield loss of individual plants is compensated by the higher plant density. The development of yield amounts of eight different genotypes was investigated in a small-plot field experiment with four replications on a calcareous chernozem soil type at the Látókép Research Site of the University of Debrecen in the crop years 2013 and 2014. Row distances of 45 and 76 cm, just as plant densities of 50 000, 70 000 and 90 000 plants per ha were set. Significant differences were found between the yield amounts of the studied hybrids in both studied crop years, while the effect of plant density on yield amount showed different results. In the crop year of 2013 the hybrids resulted high yields in the treatment with a row distance of 45 cm and plant density of 90 000 plants per ha, however, in 2014 significant yield decrease was found in comparison with the previous year, that can be attributed to the weather conditions in the months April-May and June. Optimal plant densities of hybrids, just as the corresponding expectable yield amounts were determined with quadratic equations. Optimal plant densities of the hybrids were different in the two studied crop years: in 2013, regarding the treatments set with the row distance of 45 cm, increasing plant densities resulted in higher yields, while in 2014, the yield showed decreasing tendency parallel to the increasing plant densities, that is confirmed by the fact that plant densities of 50 000 and 65 000 plants ha-1 proved to be more favourable. Regarding the treatments with a row distance of 76 cm, hybrids obtained their yield maximums by 80 327 plants ha-1 in 2013, while in the vegetation of 2014, by higher plant density (85 845 plants ha-1).
Water regime simulation along Gabčíkovo : Topoľníky channel (Vrakúň junction) case study
Authors: Dušek Petr , Velísková Yvetta , Dulovičová Renáta
Published: July 2015

Gabčíkovo – Topoľníky channel is one of three main channels in the irrigation and drainage channel network of Žitný ostrov. Žitný ostrov is a lowland area in south – western Slovakia with high degree of agricultural use and thanks to its bed composed mainly of fluvial gravel sediments it is a significant storage of high quality groundwater. The Vrakúň junction location was chosen due to the presence of regulation measures (floodgates)along the boundary of the area of interest and also due to the occurrence of both agricultural and urban areas. The aim of this paper is to evaluate surface water – groundwater interactions between the channel and its surroundings considering the significant increase in volume of silts in the channel over the past years and comparison of the interaction between the current state and state with no aggradation in the channel. The simulation was done using finite – difference groundwater (MODFLOW) (Harbaugh et al., 2000) model in the Aquaveo GMS interface.
Performance of wheat quality characteristics impacted by precrop and plant nutrition
Authors: Szilágyi Gergely
Published: July 2015

Our field researches took place on the test farm of KIT Látókép of University of Debrecen, Centre for Agricultural and Applied Economic Sciences, in growing seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, after previous cropping of sunflower with control, N60+PK and N120+PKfertilizer treatments, with varieties Mv Csárdás and Mv Toldi, on chernozem soil, in long-term experiment. According to our data, variety and the effect of the crop year strongly affected the values of the leaf area index (LAI) and the yield. Due to the mild winter in growing season 2013/2014 varieties had much larger assimilative surface, which caused increase in LAI and in the yield. Therefore the natural nutrient utilization capability of the varieties significantly increased. Compared to the previous year, in control treatment we measured 250.0-270.2% higher yield due to the favourable effect of the crop year. Maximum yield (8.21 t ha-1) was measured with N60+PK fertilizer treatment with variety Mv Toldi. According to our results, in the more favourable crop year of 2013/2014, differences of the SPAD values between the N60+PK and N120+PK treatments were minimum (changed between 2.8-6.3 units). It means that the effect of fertilization on SPAD values has reached its optimum level according to our yield results.
Soil, as a multifunctional natural resource
Authors: Várallyay György
Published: July 2015

Soils represent a considerable part of the conditionally renewable natural resources. Consequently, rational land use and proper soil management are important elements of sustainability and have special significance in the national economy, environment protection, and even in rural development. The main soil functions are as follows: reactor, transformer and integrator of the combined influences of other natural resources; medium for biomass production, primary food-source of the biosphere; storage of heat, water, plant nutrients and wastes; high capacity buffer medium, which may prevent or moderate the unfavourable consequences of various stresses; natural filter and detoxication system; significant gene reservoir, an important element of biodiversity; conservator of natural and human heritages; basis for constructions.Society has utilized these functions in different ways (rate, method, efficiency) throughout history, depending on the given natural conditions and socio-economic circumstances. In many cases irrational (misguided) management leads to “soil loss”, functional disturbances and environment deterioration. The prevention or reduction of these unfavourable consequences requires permanent care and efficient control of soil processes.
Comparing Family Functionality Perception Between Non-aymara and Indigenous Aymara Families in Northern Chile
Authors: Caqueo-Urízar Alejandra , Urzúa Alfonso , De Munter Koen , Ferrer Rodrigo , Arqueros Yorka , Irarrázaval Matías , Kavanagh David
Published: July 2015

We compared perception of family functioning in a sample (N = 1,496) of Aymara and non-Aymara parents and children living in Arica, Chile. The children were aged from 9 to 15 years and were recruited from the 5th to 8th grades of 9 elementary schools (4 public, 5 government-subsidized
private schools) serving lower socioeconomic areas. Participants completed the Family Functioning Test (FF-SIL), which consists of 14 events or characteristics that may occur in a family. The results showed that parents and children from the Aymara group recorded lower scores for their perception
of family functioning than did the non-Aymara group. Addressing this issue may be important in the prevention of psychological problems in these families.
Female Students' Perception of Service Quality in a Gender-Segregated College Environment
Authors: Kassim Norizan M. , Bogari Naima , Zain Mohamed
Published: July 2015

We investigated female students' perception of service quality in the context of a gender-segregated college of business at a public university in Saudi Arabia. Participants (N = 164) completed the SERVQUAL to rate the service quality dimensions of assurance, responsiveness,
empathy, reliability, and tangibility. We found that students perceived the faculty members as being unable to give caring and individualized attention (empathy), convey trust and confidence (assurance), or perform services dependably and accurately (reliability). Possible explanations for
these deficiencies and some suggestions for enhancing service quality are provided, along with implications for practice.
Research of the Reliability of an Air Combat Manoeuvere – Nosedive of a Jet Powered Aircraft / Badanie Niezawodności Lotniczego Manewru Bojowego – Lotu Nurkowego Samolotu Odrzutowego
Authors: Lewitowicz Jerzy , Rutkowski Stefan
Published: July 2015

This paper considered a problem of: the reliability of performance of a nosedive of a jet powered aircraft in the context of the ability of pilots trained on a simulator to reliably accomplish a combat mission. For research purposes, the manoeuvre of attack of a target with the nosedive, which is most commonly used by the pilots performing flights on different types of modern aircrafts, and the basic manoeuvre during aircrew training, both basic and advanced were assumed. The research was conducted on a flight simulator.
Theoretical Issues Associated with the Evaluation of the Technical Condition of Avionic Hydraulic Drives on the Basis of Information Received from Means for Unbiased Flight Control of Aircrafts / Teoretyczne Aspekty Oceny Stanu Technicznego Lotniczego Napędu Hydraulicznego Na Podstawie Informacji Ze Środków Obiektywnej Kontroli Lotu
Authors: Ułanowicz Leszek
Published: July 2015

The paper explains how to benefit from information acquired from means for unbiased flight control and to use it for technical condition assessment demonstrated by the aircraft. There are two control parameters that are provided by the means of unbiased flight control and convey the highest trustworthiness and troubleshooting content. The first one is the duration of pressure drop across the avionic hydraulic drive after switching the driving unit off with the span from the upper measured limit to the lower limit. The second one is the total time of the cycle when the pressure drops below the specific threshold and then is restored to that threshold during a hydraulic motor movement (an on-board aircraft actuator). The suggested method enables real time evaluation of technical condition attributable to avionic hydraulic drives, is quick and entails no additional expenses.
The Assessment of Friction Process of Model Kinematic Pair Worked under DC Voltage / Ocena Procesu Tarcia W Modelowym Weźle Kinematycznym Pracującym Pod Napięciem Elektrycznym
Authors: Nowiński Emil , Sarnecki Jarosław
Published: July 2015

The subject of this paper is assessment of friction process of model kinetic pair worked under DC voltage. The friction under this conditions may take place in case of triboelectrical phenomena and in friction pairs of electrical motors. The significant influence of electric current flow on friction resistance and boundary film thickness was presented. Results of the research were compared to the results of research under load and without electric current applied.
Length of Stay and Achievement of Functional Milestones in a Rural First Nations Population in Northwestern Ontario during Acute-Care Admission after Total Hip Replacement: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Sinclair Cameal , Brunton Nicole , Hopman Wilma M. , Kelly Len
Published: July 2015

Purpose: To understand the postoperative acute-care physiotherapy course for First Nations people returning after total hip replacement (THR) to remote communities with limited rehabilitation services and to evaluate length of stay and attainment of functional milestones after THR to determine to what extent an urban-based clinical pathway is transferrable to and effective for First Nations patients in a rural setting. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively by reviewing charts of patients who underwent THR in the Northwest Ontario catchment area from 2007 through 2012. Results: For the 36 patient charts reviewed, median length of stay (LOS) at the Sioux Lookout Meno Ya Win Health Centre (SLMHC) was 7.5 days (range 2–335); median LOS from time of surgery at the regional hospital (Thunder Bay Regional Health Centre) to discharge from SLMHC was 13.5 days; and median time for mobilizing and stairs was 9 days (range 1–93). Conclusion: Commonly accepted urban clinical pathways are not a good fit for smaller rural hospitals from which First Nations patients return to remote communities without rehabilitation services. LOS in a rural acute-care facility is similar to LOS in an urban rehabilitation facility.
Food Allergy Knowledge and Attitudes among School Nurses in an Urban Public School District
Authors: Twichell Sarah , Wang Kathleen , Robinson Humaira , Acebal Maria , Sharma Hemant
Published: July 2015

Since food allergy knowledge and perceptions may influence prevention and management of school-based reactions, we evaluated them among nurses in an urban school district. All District of Columbia public school nurses were asked to anonymously complete a food allergy knowledge and attitude questionnaire. Knowledge scores were calculated as percentage of correct responses. Attitude responses were tabulated across five-point Likert scales, ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The knowledge questionnaire was completed by 87% of eligible nurses and the attitude questionnaire by 83%. The mean total knowledge score was 76 ± 13 with domain score highest for symptom recognition and lowest for treatment. Regarding attitudes, most (94%) felt food allergy is a serious health problem, for which schools should have guidelines (94%). Fewer believed that nut-free schools (82%) and allergen-free tables (44%) should be implemented. Negative perceptions of parents were identified as: parents of food-allergic children are overprotective (55%) and make unreasonable requests of schools (15%). Food allergy knowledge deficits and mixed attitudes exist among this sample of urban school nurses, particularly related to management of reactions and perceptions of parents. Food allergy education of school nurses should be targeted to improve their knowledge and attitudes.
Anticipating Deep Mapping: Tracing the Spatial Practice of Tim Robinson
Authors: Smith Jos
Published: July 2015

There has been little academic research published on the work of Tim Robinson despite an illustrious career, first as an artist of the London avant-garde, then as a map-maker in the west of Ireland, and finally as an author of place. In part, this dearth is due to the difficulty of approaching these three diverse strands collectively. However, recent developments in the field of deep mapping encourage us to look back at the continuity of Robinson’s achievements in full and offer a suitable framework for doing so. Socially engaged with living communities and a depth of historical knowledge about place, but at the same time keen to contribute artistically to the ongoing contemporary culture of place, the parameters of deep mapping are broad enough to encompass the range of Robinson’s whole practice and suggest unique ways to illuminate his very unusual career. But Robinson’s achievements also encourage a reflection on the historical context of deep mapping itself, as well as on the nature of its spatial practice (especially where space comes to connote a medium to be worked rather than an area/volume). With this in mind the following article both explores Robinson’s work through deep mapping and deep mapping through the work of this unusual artist.
A Simulated Environment Experiment on Annoyance Due to Combined Road Traffic and Industrial Noises
Authors: Marquis-Favre Catherine , Morel Julien
Published: July 2015

Total annoyance due to combined noises is still difficult to predict adequately. This scientific gap is an obstacle for noise action planning, especially in urban areas where inhabitants are usually exposed to high noise levels from multiple sources. In this context, this work aims to highlight potential to enhance the prediction of total annoyance. The work is based on a simulated environment experiment where participants performed activities in a living room while exposed to combined road traffic and industrial noises. The first objective of the experiment presented in this paper was to gain further understanding of the effects on annoyance of some acoustical factors, non-acoustical factors and potential interactions between the combined noise sources. The second one was to assess total annoyance models constructed from the data collected during the experiment and tested using data gathered in situ. The results obtained in this work highlighted the superiority of perceptual models. In particular, perceptual models with an interaction term seemed to be the best predictors for the two combined noise sources under study, even with high differences in sound pressure level. Thus, these results reinforced the need to focus on perceptual models and to improve the prediction of partial annoyances.
The Pattern of Variation between Diarrhea and Malaria Coexistence with Corresponding Risk Factors in, Chikhwawa, Malawi: A Bivariate Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Masangwi Salule , Ferguson Neil , Grimason Anthony , Morse Tracy , Kazembe Lawrence
Published: July 2015

Developing countries face a huge burden of infectious diseases, a number of which co-exist. This paper estimates the pattern and variation of malaria and diarrhea coexistence in Chikhwawa, a district in Southern Malawi using bivariate multilevel modelling with Bayesian estimation. A probit link was employed to examine hierarchically built data from a survey of individuals (n = 6,727) nested within households (n = 1,380) nested within communities (n = 33). Results show significant malaria [ ] and diarrhea [ ] variations with a strong correlation between them [ ] at household level. There are significant malaria [ ] and diarrhea [ ] variations at community level but with a small correlation [ ] between them. There is also significant correlation between malaria and diarrhea at individual level [ 0.241]. These results suggest a close association between reported malaria-like illness and diarrheal illness especially at household and individual levels in Southern Malawi.
B Cells and Autoantibodies in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Pröbstel Anne-Katrin , Sanderson Nicholas , Derfuss Tobias
Published: July 2015

While over the past decades T cells have been considered key players in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), it has only recently become evident that B cells have a major contributing role. Our understanding of the role of B cells has evolved substantially following the clinical success of B cell-targeting therapies and increasing experimental evidence for significant B cell involvement. Rather than mere antibody-producing cells, it is becoming clear that they are team players with the capacity to prime and regulate T cells, and function both as pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. However, despite tremendous efforts, the target antigen(s) of B cells in MS have yet to be identified. The first part of this review summarizes the clinical evidence and results from animal studies pointing to the relevance of B cells in the pathogenesis of MS. The second part gives an overview of the currently known potential autoantigen targets. The third part recapitulates and critically appraises the currently available B cell-directed therapies.
On the Nature of the Tsallis–Fourier Transform
Authors: Plastino A. , Rocca Mario
Published: July 2015

By recourse to tempered ultradistributions, we show here that the effect of a q-Fourier transform (qFT) is to map equivalence classes of functions into other classes in a one-to-one fashion. This suggests that Tsallis’ q-statistics may revolve around equivalence classes of distributions and not individual ones, as orthodox statistics does. We solve here the qFT’s non-invertibility issue, but discover a problem that remains open.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Investigations (X-ray, NMR and TD-DFT), Antimicrobial Activity and Molecular Docking of 2,6-Bis(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)cyclohexanone
Authors: Barakat Assem , Ghabbour Hazem , Al-Majid Abdullah , Soliman Saied , Ali M. , Mabkhot Yahia , Shaik Mohammed , Fun Hoong-Kun
Published: July 2015

The synthesis of 2,6-bis(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)cyclohexanone 1 is described. The molecular structure of the title compound 1 was confirmed by NMR, FT-IR, MS, CHN microanalysis, and X-ray crystallography. The molecular structure was also investigated by a set of computational studies and found to be in good agreement with the experimental data obtained from the various spectrophotometric techniques. The antimicrobial activity and molecular docking of the synthesized compound was investigated.
Joint Quality Measure for Evaluation of Pansharpening Accuracy
Authors: Palubinskas Gintautas
Published: July 2015

A new Joint Quality Measure (JQM), which is a sole measure, is proposed for quality ranking of pansharpening methods. It is based on a newly proposed Composite similarity measure, which consists of Means, Standard deviations and Correlation coefficient (CMSC), and is translation invariant with respect to means and standard deviations. The JQM itself consists of a weighted sum of two terms. The first term is measured between a low pass filtered pansharpened image and original multispectral image at a reduced/low resolution scale. The second term is measured between the intensity calculated from spectrally weighted pansharpened multispectral image and original panchromatic image in a high resolution scale. Experimental results show advantages of a new measure, JQM, for quality assessment of pansharpening methods on the one hand, and drawbacks or unexpected properties of the already known measure, Quality with No Reference (QNR), on the other hand.
Remarques sur les tribus Amāzīġ de l'Occident musulman à travers un manuscrit marocain d'époque médiévale
Authors: Yaala Mohammed
Published: July 2015

Un manuscrit marocain d'époque médiévale, inspiré lui-même par de multiples sources, reprend le mythe des origines orientales des Amāzīġ. Il retrace leur migration par vagues successives, ainsi que leur répartition géographique et généalogique au Magrib al-Aqsā.
Végétaux étranges ou remarquables du Maroc antique d'après Strabon et Pline l'Ancien
Authors: Amigues Suzanne
Published: July 2015

In this paper we attempt to identify true species of the Moroccan flora through somewhat marvellous accounts by Strabo, Geography, XVII, 3, 4-5, and Pliny, Natural History, V, 14. So Strabo's « reeds like those of India » are recognized as a wild kind of sugar-cane and its stout and excessively high « asparagus » as sprouts of Cistanche. The amazing tree of Pliny appears to have taken its cypress-like characters from the Barbarian thuja and its textile flocks from the fibrous stem of the dwarf palm. But a genuine document is to find in the description by Pliny (V, 16) of endemic cactoid spurges, the very caustic sap of which was cautiously gathered for a medicinal purpose.
Recherches sur l'iconographie funéraire d'Afrique Proconsulaire : représentations de jeunes gens debout auprès d'un cheval
Authors: Ferchiou Naidé
Published: July 2015

Some funeral reliefs of Africa Proconsularis show a young man wearing a short tunic and a little coat. That young man is portrayed standing by a horse. The shortness of the epitaphs forbid us to undoubtedly identify the meaning of that picture. Various suppositions will be offered about that.
Autour de l'étude des villes de la Régence d'Alger : le cas de Constantine
Authors: Grangaud Isabelle
Published: July 2015

The A. critizes the « modèle » of islamic town used, assigned or laid on, to explain the urban process during Ottoman period within the Regency of Algiers. The case study of Constantine shows that a new urbanistic plan was developped around the erection of a new mosque and its medersa, and a market, integrating an older Jewish district ; this town planning was linked to the building of a new palace for Salah Bey (1771-1792), and his ambitious policy.
L’image de la femme africaine dans les Passions : réalités sociales et élaboration d’un modèle chrétien
Authors: Fialon Sabine , Hamdoune Christine
Published: July 2015

Les huit Passions de martyres africaines présentent un grand intérêt tant sur le plan de la construction du genre hagiographique que sur celui de l’histoire des sociétés et des mentalités de l’Antiquité tardive. Elles présentent des jeunes femmes issues des élites locales, ayant reçu une éducation soignée et en rupture, au terme d’un conflit avec l’autorité paternelle, avec les normes familiales et civiques de leur milieu. Elles affirment, avec une fermeté exceptionnelle, leur appartenance à une autre communauté, la famille fraternelle des chrétiens. Le rapprochement avec les données des textes épigraphiques sur la naissance, l’éducation et le mariage éclaire le processus de rupture des solidarités traditionnelles. Mais les Passions, dans la tradition littéraire païenne et biblique, construisent un modèle de conduite chrétienne pour les femmes par l’exaltation de la virginité et l’héroïsation de leur conduite.
Biomechanical properties of the atlantoaxial joint with naturally-occurring instability in a toy breed dog
Authors: Precht C. , Riedinger B. , Bürki A. , Forterre F.
Published: July 2015

The biomechanical properties of the atlanto-axial joint in a young Yorkshire Terrier dog with spontaneous atlantoaxial instability were compared to those of another young toy breed dog with a healthy atlantoaxial joint. The range-of-motion was increased in flexion and lateral bending in the unstable joint. In addition, lateral bending led to torsion and dorsal dislocation of the axis within the atlas. On gross examination, the dens ligaments were absent and a longitudinal tear of the tectorial membrane was observed. These findings suggest that both ventral and lateral flexion may lead to severe spinal cord compression, and that the tectorial membrane may play a protective role in some cases of atlantoaxial instability.
From Event Structure to Scale Structure: Degree Modification in Deverbal Adjectives
Authors: Kennedy Christopher , McNally Louise
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Intensional Choice Functions for "Which" Phrases
Authors: Romero Maribel
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Quantifying into Question Acts
Authors: Krifka Manfred
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Reconciling Dependent Plurals with "Each Other"
Authors: Dimitriadis Alexis
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
The Logic of Interrogation: Classical Version
Authors: Groenendijk Jeroen
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Stratigraphy of the Rocky Mountain Group in the southeastern Cordillera of Canada
Authors: Norris D K
Published: July 2015

The Rocky Mountain Group in its fullest development in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera is composed of four distinct lithologic units. A basal sandstone assemblage of Lower Pennsylvanian age, which is in gradational contact with Mississippian Rundle Group in
the western part of the basin, is overlain with apparent conformity by dolomites of early Middle Pennsylvanian age, and these, in turn, are overlain unconformably by late Lower or early Upper Permian siltstones. The uppermost unit of the succession is chert of Upper (?) Permian age. Triassic Spray
River Group unconformably overlies the Rocky Mountain succession in all but Livingstone and Blairmore Ranges, where Jurassic Fernie Group forms the basal beds of the Mesozoic succession.· The sandstones forming the lowest unit of the Rocky Mountain Group are termed the "Misty Formation" (new
name), the dolomites are assigned to the Kananaskis Formation (McGugan and Rapson, 1961), the siltstones to the Ishbel Formation (restricted), and the chert to the Fantasque Formation (Harker, 1961). The formations thin eastward through a combination of non-deposition and erosional truncation so
that in the west all four are commonly present whereas in the east either the lowermost units occur or all units are absent. Within the area the group ranges in thickness from somewhat in excess of 2,000 feet west of Elk River, British Columbia; to about 40 feet in northern Livingstone Range,
Alberta; to zero at the surface on Moose Mountain, Alberta, and in the subsurface east of the Highwood and Livingstone Ranges.
Lower Cambrian trilobites from the Sekwi Formation type section, Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada
Authors: Fritz W H
Published: July 2015

Trilobites from the 2,350-foot type section of the Sekwi Formation, Mackenzie Mountains, were collected from 47 horizons and placed in three zones. The oldest is the Fallotaspis Zone (new), recognized in western Canada, California, and Morocco and correlated with
the oldest trilobite assemblage in Siberia. Next is the Nevadel/a Zone (new), which can be recognized at various localities in western North America and probably represents the approximate equivalent of the Cal/avia Zone of the Atlantic Fauna! Province. The youngest zone, the Bonnia-0/enel/us Zone,
has been defined by Rasetti (1951) and is in concept the same as the Olenellus Zone. For the past 80 years, this zone has been equated generally and incorrectly with the whole of the Lower Cambrian in the Pacific Fauna! Province. The Bonnia- 0/ene/lus Zone is, at least in part, equivalent to the
Protolenus Zone of the Atlantic Fauna! Province. Twenty-four genera are present including the following which are new: Bradyfallotaspis, Ho/miella, Kee/easpis, Nehanniaspis, Parafallotaspis, Sekwiaspis, and Variope!ta. F ifty-seven species are described, of which 5 were previously known, 29 are new,
and 23 are unnamed.
Geology of iron deposits in Canada: Iron deposits in the Appalachian and Grenville regions of Canada
Authors: Gross G A
Published: July 2015

Iron deposits in the Appalachian and Grenville regions were among the first mineral occurrences worked in Canada. Nearly every known type of iron occurrence is included in the 200 deposits described in this volume. The Clinton type ironformations, composed of
hematite, siderite, and chamosite, at Wabana, Newfoundland, are the principal source of iron ore in the Appalachian region, and have been mined for over 70 years. Other Clinton type iron-formations in Nova Scotia and Algoma type iron-formations and iron-manganese beds in New Brunswick are potential
sources of iron ore. Magnetite deposits of replacement origin and syngenetic ilmenite and titaniferous magnetite deposits are predominant in the Grenville region. The occurrence of a few small magnetite-hematite-quartz iron-formations in metasediments in the south part of the Grenville Province has
been confirmed. A study of the regional distribution of all types of magnetite and ilmenite deposits in the Grenville Province, associated host rocks, mineralogy, and iron-titanium ratios in deposits shows that ilmenite deposits occur as injected and disseminated masses in anorthosite rocks,
titaniferous-magnetite deposits occur as syngenetic bodies in gabbro and gabbroic anorthosites, and magnetite deposits containing less than one per cent Ti02 occur as replacement masses in metasediments, particularly in limestone and amphibole-rich host rocks. A close genetic relationship between
anorthosite intrusions and related gabbro, diorite, and granitic intrusions on the one hand, and the ilmenite, titaniferous magnetite, and replacement magnetite deposits on the other is indicated by their spatial relationship and by the variations in iron and titanium ratios in the iron deposits
with different host rocks. Iron-titanium ratios in ilmenite and magnetite deposits are lowest in the east and northeast part of the Grenville Province where very large anorthosite masses are exposed, and are highest in the southwest where only small gabbro and anorthositic gabbro intrusions are
known and where replacement magnetite deposits are numerous.
Lower Cretaceous (Albanian) of the Yukon: stratigraphy and foraminiferal subdivisions, Snake and Peel rivers
Authors: Mountjoy E W , Chamney T P
Published: July 2015

The Lower Cretaceous Albian and Aptian ( ?) strata of the upper Peel River near the mouth of Snake River and Trevor Range are outlined and discussed. The Lower Cretaceous rocks of this region that form part of the Peel Plain are subdivided into three new
formations: Trevor Formation composed of about 1, 200 feet of sandstone; Arctic Red Formation consisting of about 2, 000 feet of shale and silty shale and divisible into five members; and Martin House Formation consisting of about 600 feet of glauconitic and dark grey siltstones and silty shales,
and which are divided into an upper Glauconite member and a Basal Siltstone member of questionable Aptian age. The Trevor Formation is approximately equivalent to the upper three quarters of the Arctic Red Formation and gradationally overlies the Arctic Red in the southern part of the area. The
Martin House Formation includes all shales and siltstones above Devonian or Carboniferous strata and beneath the Arctic Red Formation. The Lower Cretaceous sediments in the Peel - Snake Rivers region formed an eastward part of the Richardson - Carcajou trough or basin. Marine Aptian ( ?) sediments
are restricted to the extreme western part of Peel Plain. Initial Albian sedimentation appears to mark a widespread, almost chronotaxial, marine boreal transgression. Predominately marine sediments were deposited in a shallow basin which extended from the Arctic to the Peace River region. During
Middle and Late Albian, elastic debris derived from uplifts considerable distances to the west and southwest probably formed delta complexes along the western margin of this basin. These quartz sands grade and interfinger rapidly northeastward and northward into marine black shales. Maximum
thickness of Albian sediments in the Peel - Snake region is between 2, 000 and 2, 500 feet. Some of the sands associated with the basal part of the Albian may form traps suitable for petroleum accumulations. Nine biostratigraphic subdivisions of the Albian sediments are established from assemblages
of Foraminifera. The most significant of these are the late Middle Albian Valvulineria loetterlei - Gaudryina subcretacea and the Early Albian Saracenaria trollopei. They represent the strongest marine environments, are correlatable over most of the western and northern sedimentary basins, and are
referable to the "Joli Fou" and "Clearwater" Seas respectively. Each of these provides a datum from which the remaining depositional intervals of the Albian stage can be interpreted.
Opening up a philosophical space in early literacy with Little Beauty by Anthony Browne and the movie King Kong
Authors: Murris Karin , Ranchod Vursha
Published: July 2015

The article begins with setting the South African educational context for a postgraduate early literacy research project in the foundation phase (ages 4–9). The research examines how philosophy with children (P4C) might be part of a solution to current problems in reading comprehension. The second author reports on her P4C action research with her own children as well as her observations of a Grade 2 classroom in a school near Johannesburg. The research shows how the picturebook Little Beauty by Anthony Browne opens up a philosophical space within which children are allowed to draw on their own life experiences and prior knowledge. The project reveals the depth of their thinking when making intra-textual connections between Little Beauty and the movie King Kong. The facilitated philosophical space also makes it possible for the children to make complex philosophical links between the emotion anger, destructive behaviour and the ethico-political dimensions of punishment. Central to this article are the second author’s critical reflections on how her literacy practices as a mother and foundation phase teacher have fundamentally changed as a result of this project. The article concludes with some implications for the teaching of early literacy in South Africa.
A general Fisk-type model of the heliospheric magnetic field
Authors: Steyn Ruhann , Burger Renier A.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Androgen Deficiency and Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: El Saghier Entesar O.A. , Shebl Salah E. , Fawzy Olfat A. , Eltayeb lhab M. , Bekhet Lamya M.A. , Gharib Abdelnasser
Published: July 2015

Background

The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low total serum testosterone (LST) has been identified in several cross-sectional studies.

Objectives

To assess the prevalence of androgen deficiency and erectile dysfunction (ED) and their relation to glycemic control within a sample of Egyptian men with T2DM.

Research Design and Methods

A cross-sectional study including 70 men having T2DM. Their ages ranged from 30 to 50 years. They were evaluated for symptoms of androgen deficiency and ED, using a validated Arabic-translated Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males questionnaire and five-items version of the International Index of Erectile Function-5, respectively. Total testosterone (TT), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin were measured for all study subjects. Penile hemodynamics was assessed using penile duplex study for subjects who gave history of ED.

Results

LST was found in 40% of studied men, and 92.9% of them reported overt symptoms of androgen deficiency. ED was detected in 85.7% of those with LST, as opposed to 31.0% of those with normal TT ( P < 0.000). TT was lower in diabetic men with ED compared to those without ED (12.04 ± 5.36 vs 17.11 ± 7.11 nmol/L, P < 0.001). Significant negative correlation was found between TT and age, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and HBA1c ( P < 0.00). FSH, LH, and prolactin levels were within the normal reference range in all subjects. HbA1c was higher in patients who had LST with ED, compared to those with normal TT and without ED. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis did not reveal a significant association between HBA1c and LST levels.

Conclusion

LST, symptoms of androgen deficiency, and ED are common in the studied sample of Egyptian men with T2DM. Inappropriately normal FSH and LH in face of LST may denote a state of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. HBA1c was found to be more significantly associated with ED than with LST.
Resistance Level of Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) from Shandong Province, China
Authors: Liu Hong-Mei , Yang Pei-Pei , Cheng Peng , Wang Hai-Fang , Liu Li-Juan , Huang Xiaodan , Zhao Yu-Qiang , Wang Huai-Wei , Zhang Chong-Xing , Gong Mao-Qing
Published: July 2015

This study describes the aquatic habitats, species composition, and the insecticide resistance level of the mosquito Culex pipiens pallens in Shandong Province, China. A cross-sectional survey of mosquito larval habitats was conducted from May to November 2014 to determine the species composition and larval abundance. Larvae were collected using the standard dipping technique, and a total of four habitat types were sampled. The fourth instar larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens collected in each habitat type were tested for resistance to five insecticides according to a WHO bioassay. A total of 7,281 mosquito larvae were collected, of which 399 (5.48%) were categorized as Anopheles mosquito larvae ( An. sinensis), 6636 (91.14%) as culicine larvae ( Cx. pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. halifaxii, and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus), 213 (2.93%) as Armigeres larvae, and 33 (0.45%) as Aedes larvae ( Aedes albopictus). In addition, a total of 1,149 mosquito pupae were collected. Culex larvae were distributed in all habitats investigated. Tukeys HSD analysis showed that roadside drainages were the most productive habitat type for Culex larvae. Armigeres species were found only in drains, Aedes only in water tanks, and Anopheles in water that was comparatively clear and rich in emergent plants. Bioassay showed that the maximum resistance level of Cx. pipiens pallens was to deltamethrin, while it was lowest to plifenate. The productivity of various mosquitoes in different habitat types is very heterogeneous. It is particularly important to modify human activity and the environment to achieve effective mosquito vector control. For effective larval control, the type of habitat should be considered, and the most productive habitat type should be given priority in mosquito abatement programs.
Analysis of Two-Dimensional Thin Structures (From Micro- to Nano-Scales) Using the Singular Boundary Method
Authors: Shen Dejian , Gu Yan
Published: July 2015

This study investigates the applicability of the singular boundary method (SBM), a recent developed meshless boundary collocation method, for the analysis of two-dimensional (2D) thin structural problems. The troublesome nearly-singular kernels, which are crucial in the applications of SBM to thin shapes, are dealt with efficiently by using a non-linear transformation technique. Promising SBM results with only a small number of boundary nodes are obtained for thin structures with the thickness-to-length ratio is as small as 1E-9, which is sufficient for modeling most thin layered coating systems as used in smart materials and micro-electro-mechanical systems. The advantages, disadvantages and potential applications of the proposed method, as compared with the finite element (FEM) and boundary element methods (BEM), are also discussed.
Numerical Study on the Dynamics and Oxygen Uptake of Healthy and Malaria-Infected Red Blood Cells
Authors: Jayathilake P. G. , Liu Gang , Tan Zhijun , Khoo B. C.
Published: July 2015

Red blood cells (RBCs) are very important due to their role of oxygen transport from lungs. As the malaria parasite grows in the malaria-infected red blood cells (IRBCs), the properties of the cells change. In the present work, the oxygen uptake by RBCs and IRBCs at the pulmonary capillaries is simulated using a numerical technique based on the two-dimensional immersed interface method. The results for the oxygen uptake by a stationary single RBC have fair agreements with the previously reported results. The numerical results show that the malaria infection could significantly cause deterioration on the oxygen uptake by red blood cells. The results also suggest that the oxygen uptake by individual stationary RBC/IRBC would not be significantly affected by the neighboring cells provided the separation distance is about the dimension of the cell. Furthermore, it appears that the oxygen uptake by both RBCs and IRBCs is dominated by mass diffusion over the convection although the Peclet number is of the order of unity.
Hyperreactive Malarial Splenomegaly Syndrome—Can the Diagnostic Criteria Be Improved?
Authors: McGregor Alastair , Doherty Tom , Lowe Patricia , Chiodini Peter , Newsholme William
Published: July 2015

Hyperreactive Malarial Splenomegaly Syndrome (HMSS) was described and defined before sensitive tests for malaria were available. We present a series of seven individuals who were referred to our clinics with possible HMSS. Chronic malaria was demonstrated in those successfully treated but not in those who failed to respond to therapy. This observation suggests that the newer molecular malaria assays have a role to play in the identification of individuals who are likely to respond to treatment for HMSS in non-endemic regions.
Nosocomial Cholera Outbreak in a Mental Hospital: Challenges and Lessons Learnt from Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Bwire Godfrey , Malimbo Mugagga , Kagirita Atek , Makumbi Issa , Mintz Eric , Mengel Martin A. , Orach Christopher Garimoi
Published: July 2015

During the last four decades, Uganda has experienced repeated cholera outbreaks in communities; no cholera outbreaks have been reported in Ugandan health facilities. In October 2008, a unique cholera outbreak was confirmed in Butabika National Mental Referral Hospital (BNMRH), Uganda. This article describes actions taken to control the outbreak, challenges, and lessons learnt. We reviewed patient and hospital reports for clinical symptoms and signs, treatment and outcome, patient mental diagnosis, and challenges noted during management of patients and contacts. Out of 114 BNMRH patients on two affected wards, 18 cholera cases and five deaths were documented for an attack rate of 15.8% and a case fatality rate of 28%. Wards and surroundings were intensively disinfected and 96 contacts (psychiatric patients) in the affected wards received chemoprophylaxis with oral ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily until November 5, 2008. We documented a nosocomial cholera outbreak in BNMRH with a high case fatality of 28% compared with the national average of 2.4% for cholera outbreaks in communities. To avoid cholera outbreaks and potentially high mortality among patients in mental institutions, procedures for prompt diagnosis, treatment, disinfection, and prophylaxis are needed and preemptive use of oral cholera vaccines should be considered.
Detection of Chikungunya Virus in Nepal
Authors: Pandey Basu Dev , Neupane Biswas , Pandey Kishor , Tun Mya Myat Ngwe , Morita Kouichi
Published: July 2015

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging alphaviral disease and a public health problem in South Asia including Nepal in recent years. In this study, sera were collected from patients presenting with fever, headache, muscular pain, fatigue, and joint pain of both upper and lower extremities. A total of 169 serum samples were tested for CHIKV and dengue virus (DENV) by using Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method during August to November 2013. Results showed that 3.6% and 27.8% samples were positive for CHIKV and DENV IgM positive, respectively. Similarly, results of IgG showed 3.0% samples were positive for CHIKV IgG and 29.0% were for DENV IgG positive. Further, a 50% focal reduction neutralization test (FRNT50) was performed to confirm the presence of CHIKV, which demonstrated that 8.9% of CHIKV IgM and/or IgG ELISA positive possessed neutralizing anti-CHIK antibodies. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which the presence of CHIKV is confirmed in Nepalese patients by FRNT50. Basic scientists and clinicians need to consider CHIKV as a differential diagnosis in febrile Nepalese patients, and policy makers should consider appropriate surveillance and actions for control strategies.
Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection Syndrome Presenting as Severe, Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Leading to a Diagnosis of Cushing Disease
Authors: Yee Brittany , Chi Nai-Wen , Hansen Lawrence A. , Lee Roland R. , U Hoi-Sang , Savides Thomas J. , Vinetz Joseph M.
Published: July 2015

A 50-year-old male immigrant from Ethiopia presented for consultation after 3 years of hematochezia/melena requiring > 25 units of blood transfusions. Physical examination revealed severe proximal muscle wasting and weakness, central obesity, proptosis, and abdominal striae, accompanied by eosinophilia, elevated hemoglobin A1c, elevated 24-hour urinary cortisol, lack of suppression of 8 am cortisol levels by 1 mg dexamethasone, and inappropriately elevated random adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level. Histopathological examination of gastrointestinal biopsies showed large numbers of Strongyloides stercoralis, indicating Strongyloides hyperinfection. Treatment with 2 days of ivermectin led to resolution of gastrointestinal bleeding. This syndrome was due to chronic immunosuppression from a pituitary ACTH (corticotroph) microadenoma, of which resection led to gradual normalization of urine cortisol, improved glycemic control, resolution of eosinophilia, and no recurrence of infection.