bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerobic Bio-oxidation with Ozonation for Recalcitrant Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Kamenev Inna , Viiroja Andres , Kallas Juha
Published: November 2016

The aim of the present research was to find a combination of biological and chemical oxidation processes that improves the purification efficiency of recalcitrant wastewater treatment at reduced ozone consumption. The following wastewater treatment processes were experimentally studied: conventional aerobic biooxidation, post-ozonation of biologically treated wastewater, a combined process - aerobic bio-oxidation with ozonation in a re-circulation system - and aerobic bio-oxidation with direct introduction of ozone-containing water into a bioreactor. A synthetic landfill leachate corresponding in its composition to leachate of young landfills, thermo-mechanical pulping water, and phenolic effluent from the Estonian oil shale industry were used as wastewaters. It was established that compared with conventional aerobic bio-oxidation, the combined process enables an improvement in purification efficiency even at relatively low ozone doses (10 to 60 mgO
Advanced Oxidation of a Commercial Naphthalene Sulphonic Acid: Effects on Organic Carbon and Toxicity Removals
Authors: Arslan-Alaton Idil , Kabdaşlı Işık , Tünay Olcay , Okay Oya , Cekirge Zeynep
Published: November 2016

The treatability of a commercial naphthalene sulphonic acid being frequently used in the textile preparation and dyeing industry, via titanium dioxide-mediated heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO
Spectroscopic and Mass-Spectrometric Study of Acridine Orange Photodegradation on the Surface of Mesoporous TiO2, SiO2 /TiO2 and SiO2 Films
Authors: Surovtseva N. I. , Smirnova N. P. , Fesenko Т. V. , Gnatyuk Yu. I. , Eremenko A. M. , Pokrovskiy V. A.
Published: November 2016

The efficiency of nanosized mesoporous TiO
Analysis of Primary Degradation and Decolourization of Dyes in Water by an H2O2/UV Advanced Oxidation Process
Authors: Menendez Amaia , Lombraña Jose Ignacio , de Luis Ana
Published: November 2016

Synthetic dyes are extensively used in textile dyeing, paper printing, colour photography, pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics and other industries. In spite of their diversity there are a certain number of properties common to many dye compounds, such as aromatic constitution, chromophore groups and others. Similarly to other dyes and due to the formation of colour intermediates, in the case of Rhodamine 6G colour capacity is maintained in the initial steps of dye degradation. For this reason in the degradation of a dye it is necessary to distinguish between two processes that take place simultaneously: dye removal and decolourization. This study was conducted by using a water solution of 50 mg/L of Rhodamine 6G (Rh-6G), as a model of a dye wastewater, in the hydrogen peroxide/UV system. The kinetic model proposed in this paper for the removing of Rh- 6G is a sequential first-order reaction. This model describes acceptably the changes in two kinds of compound for a wide interval of H
Degradation of n-Butyl tin Chlorides in Waters. A Comparative Assessment of the Process by Photo-assisted and Chemical- treatment Methods
Authors: Navio J. A. , Cerrillos C. , Macias M.
Published: November 2016

The degradation of aqueous n-butyl tin by several selected advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) was studied and comparisons made between the processes. UV-photolytic and TiO
Solar Photocatalytic Process (TiO2 and Photo-Fenton) to Detoxify Effluents from Water-washed Spray Booths
Authors: Palacios Santiago , Santos-Juanes Lucas , Añó Enrique , Arques Antonio , Amat Ana M.
Published: November 2016

Effluents from water-washed spray-booths have been treated by different solar-driven oxidative methods: TiO
Photocatalytic Mineralization of Azo Dyes Using Nanostructure ZnO Thin Film Coated on Glass Bead
Authors: Habibi Mohammad Hossein , Sardashti Mohammad Khaledi
Published: November 2016

Nanostructure ZnO thin films ZnO have been coated on glass bead by our novel centrifuge coating technique. The structure, surface and optical properties of the particles and thin films were characterized by XRD, SEM, AFM and UV/Vis techniques. The photoassisted degradation of four different azo textile dyes (C.I. Reactive Yellow 84 (HR), C.I. Reactive Red 195 (3BF), Erichrome blue black B (EBB) and Methyl orange (MO)) was examined in a batch reactor using nanostructure ZnO thin films on glass beads. The ZnO thin films loading of the glass bead was 0.23% (w/w). The amount of ZnO on the film was about the same the ZnO powder added in suspension to discolor the same solution of the same azo dyes used as a probe. Mineralization (TOC) of the azo textile dyes was attained within ca. 2 h of UV irradiation of the ZnO thin films glass bead/azo textile dye system. Mineralization kinetics was, in general, appreciably influenced by the pH and tends to be somewhat slower in alkaline or acidic media. Methyl orange was photomineralized more slowly than the others. Final products were, in all cases, CO
Autonomous Water Treatment Installation Energized from PV Panels
Authors: Komarzyniec Grzegorz , Stryczewska Henryka D. , Muszanski Robert
Published: November 2016

Low temperature plasma generated by dielectric barrier discharge is well known source of active specious that can be applied in processes of water, air and soil treatment. Ozone generators can be energized from solar energy. The solution is specially advantageous in the regions with satisfactory solar radiation situated in remote terrains far from power network. Paper presents results of research carried out at the experimental stand as well as at the prototype of autonomous water treatment installation for domestic purposes, energized from photovoltaic panels.
Application of Fenton’s Reaction for Food-processing Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Dulova Niina , Trapido Marina
Published: November 2016

Depending on the process type and raw materials involved, various types of wastewater are discharged from food industry. In the present study the feasibility of Fenton-based treatment, as a part of combined treatment schemes, to degrade high organic content, to eliminate suspended solids, and to improve the overall quality of food-processing plant wastewater was assessed. Fenton oxidation step used in treatment schemes improved significantly the quality of the effluent, enabling additional 62-79% and 53-69% reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), respectively, when the H
Degradation of Acid Orange 7 Solution by Air-liquid Gliding Arc Discharge in Combination with TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Chang-ming Du , Ya Xiong , Lu-Lu Zhang , Jing Wang , Shi-Guo Jia , Chuen-yu Chan , Tai-Hong Shi
Published: November 2016

The degradaiton of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) using the plasma-catalytic process, has been stdudied by non-thermal gliding arc technique coupled to P25 titanium dioxide (TiO
Antibacterial Activity Inhibition after the Degradation of Flumequine by UV/H2O2
Authors: Silva Caio Rodrigues da , Maniero Milena Guedes , Rath Susanne , Guimarães José Roberto
Published: November 2016

Flumequine is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent of the quinolone class widely used as veterinary drug in food-producing animals. It is considered as pseudo-persistent compound continuously introduced into the environment and its presence in the environment may contribute to the development of drug resistant bacterial strains. In this study antibacterial activity removal during flumequine degradation by UV/H
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Chlorine, Ozone, and Photocatalytic Disinfection in Reducing the Risk of Antibiotic Resistance Pollution
Authors: Öncü Nalan Bilgin , Menceloğlu Yusuf Ziya , Akmehmet Balcıoğlu Işıl
Published: November 2016

Effectiveness of conventional chlorine and ozone disinfection on reduction of antibiotic resistance was compared with less commonly applied heterogeneous photocatalytic process. For this purpose plasmid DNA isolated from a multi-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) HB101 was treated in two different concentrations with the three oxidation processes. Oxidative damage on the plasmid DNA was analyzed with gel electrophoresis by comparing the extent of conformational changes in the DNA structure. The effectiveness of the applied oxidant in reducing the risk of resistance transfer was also evaluated by comparing the ability of treated plasmid DNA to transform competent cells. Chlorine did not affect plasmid DNA structure at the studied doses, while ozone and photocatalytic treatment resulted in conformational changes and the damage increased with increasing oxidant doses. Transformation experiments confirmed a similar trend. Chlorine did not affect the transformability and the cell counts of competent cells transformed with chlorine treated plasmid DNA were similar to those transformed by non-treated plasmid DNA in the control experiments.
Photocatalytic Removal of Reactive Black-5 Dye from Aqueous Solution by UV Irradiation in Aqueous TiO2: Equilibrium and Kinetics Study
Authors: Siboni Mehdi Shirzad , Samarghandi Mohamadreza , Yang Jae-Kyu , Lee Seung-Mok
Published: November 2016

In this work, photocatalytic oxidation of reactive Black-5(RB-5) dye was investigated with illuminated TiO
Photocatalytic and Self-cleaning Properties of Titania Coatings Prepared by Inkjet Direct Patterning of a Reverse Micelles Sol-gel Composition
Authors: Dzik Petr , Morozová Magdalena , Klusoň Petr , Veselý Michal
Published: November 2016

An optimized reverse micelles sol-gel composition was deposited by inkjet direct patterning onto glass supports. Experimental “material printer” Fujifilm Dimatix 2831 was used for sol patterning. Printing was repeated up to 4 times in wet-to-dry manner and photocatalytic coatings of various thickness were obtained after final thermal calcination. Basic material properties of prepared coating were studied by optical microscopy, electron and atomic force imaging, Raman, XRD and UV-VIS spectrometry. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by dye and fatty acid degradation rate as well as photoinduced hydrophilic conversion rate. Reverse micelles proved to be viable synthetic route for the preparation of titania coatings with even structure and their compatibility with inkjet direct patterning deposition was demonstrated.
CFD Modeling of Fixed Photocatalytic Inserts for a Continuous Flow Reactor for Water Disinfection
Authors: Misstear David , Gill Laurence
Published: November 2016

The design of a suitable fixed photocatalytic support for water disinfection in a continuous flow reactor was researched. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the percentage of tracked particles coming into contact with the irradiated surface of different support geometries, cylindrical: conical and consecutive frusta and a spring. The number of particles striking each insert was presumed to give a good representation of the respective disinfection efficiencies of each design, as photocatalysis is effectively a surface phenomenon. It was found that a conical frustum design was more than three times as efficient as a similarly-sized conventional cylindrical insert with regard to this parameter, and arrangements of shorter frusta exhibited even more promising traits. A further regime of laboratory testing is proposed in order to determine the practical efficiency of the insert designs, which may have important applications in the solar disinfection of drinking water.
Simulation of Simultaneous Removal of SO2 and NO Using Pulsed Discharge
Authors: Li Ling-wei , Yu Gang , Yu Qi
Published: November 2016

In order to provide the basis to efficiently reduce the energy consumption and improve the removal rate, the simultaneous removal processes of SO
Decomposition of Toluene with Plasma-catalysis: A Review
Authors: Vandenbroucke Arne M. , Morent Rino , Geyter Nathalie De , Leys Christophe
Published: November 2016

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) generated at atmospheric pressure has been widely applied to abate the harmful emission of gaseous pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These studies have proven the existence of some drawbacks that hinder commercialization, such as a low energy efficiency and mineralization degree with the formation of undesired byproducts as a consequence. Recently, NTP has successfully been combined with catalysis in an attempt to solve these issues through complex interacting mechanisms. Toluene can be regarded as being the most frequent studied VOC for removal with plasma-catalysis on laboratory scale. Therefore, this paper aims at reviewing the current research on this model VOC.
Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethanol over Au/TiO2 Photocatalysts
Authors: Sannino Diana , Vaiano Vincenzo , Ciambelli Paolo , Hidalgo M. Carmen , Murcia Julie J. , Navío J. Antonio
Published: November 2016

Au/TiO
Semiconductor Mediated Photocatalysed Reaction of Two Selected Organic Compounds in Aqueous Suspensions of Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Mir Niyaz A. , Haque M.M. , Khan A. , Umar K. , Muneer M. , Vijayalakshmi S.
Published: November 2016

Semiconductor mediated hydrogen peroxide-assisted photocatalytic degradation of two selected pesticide compounds, chloramben (1) and cyanazine (2) has been investigated in aqueous suspensions under a variety of conditions. The degradation was studied by monitoring the depletion in total organic carbon (TOC) content and decrease in substrate concentration as a function of irradiation time. The degradation kinetics of pesticide compounds 1 and 2 were investigated under different conditions such as type of TiO
Photocatalytic Treatment for Final Polishing of Wastewater from a Cellulosic Ethanol Process
Authors: RamMohan Gayathri , Goswami Tushar , Tian Zhuoli , Ingram Lonnie , Pullammanappallil Pratap
Published: November 2016

As a final polishing step, photocatalytic oxidation of anaerobically and aerobically treated lignocellulosic ethanol stillage was studied using titanium dioxide (TiO
Chronotopos. Erzählung, Zeit und Raum im Hellenismus
Authors: Maier Felix K.
Published: November 2016

Die Problematik, dass gleichzeitig stattfindende Ereignisse in Erzählungen nur sequentiell geschildert werden können, gehört zu einer der interessantesten Herausforderungen eines jeden Geschichtsschreibers. Allerdings wurde die Bedeutung dieser Frage erst explizit im Hellenismus diskutiert. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeichnet wichtige Entwicklungsstufen nach und erörtert dabei, inwiefern zeitgeschichtliche Umstände einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die jeweiligen Entscheidungen der antiken Historiographen ausübten, ihre Erzählung entweder in einer synchronen oder einer diachronen Narration zu gliedern.
Reflexiones sobre la probable promoción deCesse/Tarracoa colonia latina
Authors: Espinosa David Espinosa
Published: November 2016

El propósito del presente trabajo es evidenciar la necesidad de atribuir aCesse/Tarracoun estatuto jurídico-administrativo privilegiado con anterioridad a la fundación cesariana deColonia Urbs Triumphalis Tarracocon la finalidad de conciliar, de una forma satisfactoria, morfología urbana, protagonismo histórico y romanización cultural. A la luz de las recientes publicaciones sobre la probable existencia de un amplio programa de colonización latina enHispaniaen época republicana, se dan a conocer los resultados iniciales de investigación sobre un primer análisis de los indicios disponibles sobre la probable promoción deCesse/Tarracoa colonia latina.
Der Drei-Kapitel-Streit und die iustinianische Reconquista – Studien zum Widerstand der nordafrikanischen Kirche
Authors: Sandberg Matthias
Published: November 2016

Die Nordafrikanische Kirche hat sich sowohl während der Herrschaft der Vandalen als auch nach der Rückeroberung durch Ostrom als bemerkenswert widerstandsfähig erwiesen. So erfolgreich Iustinians Rückeroberung Nordafrikas daher auch gewesen sein mag, sein Versuch des Ausgleiches zwischen den tief gespaltenen Kirchen des miaphysitischen Ostens und des chalcedonensischen Westens, muss als gescheitert betrachtet werden. Als ein Beleg dafür lässt sich das ausgeprägte (theologische) Autonomiestreben der Kirche Nordafrikas heranziehen; weder vandalische Repressionen noch kaiserliches Engagement vermochten dieses „traditionelle Selbstvertrauen“ zu brechen.
Scheinargumente bei MietspiegeldebatteWas definiert „moderne Mietspiegel“?
Authors: Kauermann Göran , Thomschke Lorenz , Braun Reiner
Published: November 2016

The German Mietspiegel is a database to determine typical local market rents consisting of newly offered and ongoing contracts. Last year, the German government enacted a new law called „rental brake“, which caps rental prices of re-lettings at the level of a local Mietspiegel in declared areas. Prior to the rental brake, the Mietspiegel only affected rent increases for sitting tenants, whereas the Mietspiegel is now likewise material to initial rents.

This triggered a large and public debate on the proper methodology on creating a Mietspiegel and its database. Some authors call for asking prices as a new database and justify this modification with larger number of cases at little costs. Others supported the idea of an official rental databank. In our paper, we argue against such changes due to legal requirements and potential shortcomings of asking rents. Instead, we emphasize the need of adequate sampling and regression methods to create a Mietspiegel scientifically.
Mode of Action of Silicone Drift Control Agents
Authors: Klostermann Michael , Hänsel Rene , Sieverding Ewald , Venzmer Joachim , Poffenberger Craig , Opfer Lars , Roisman Ilia , Tropea Cameron
Published: November 2016

Using high-speed video techniques, the influence of diluted polyether siloxane emulsions on the breakup mechanism of liquid spray films was investigated. First, the fragmentation of a single drop in an air flow, the so-called bag breakup, was used as a model system to study the ability of the polyether siloxane emulsion to control the breakup process. What was learned from these model experiments was then transferred to spray experiments using classical agricultural flat-fan nozzles. These demonstrated that polyether siloxane emulsions cause the nucleation of holes in an expanding liquid film, which leads to an accelerated, more uniform, and earlier breakup. Image-based drop size measurements confirmed that the promoted lamella breakup in turn leads to a considerable reduction of drift-prone droplets in the spray. Low-speed wind tunnel spray studies were conducted in order verify the findings from the high-speed video experiments.
The Affect of Dew on Herbicide and Adjuvant Efficacy
Authors: Penner Donald , Michael Jan
Published: November 2016

Dew is often present on foliage early in the morning when wind velocity may be at its lowest. The latter makes this time of day tempting for postemergence herbicide application to minimize spray particle drift. Herbicide applicators may not wish to wait to apply postemergence herbicide until the dew on the leaves dries. The objective of this study was to determine to what extent the dew affects the activity of postemergence application of glyphosate evaluated on velvetleaf, common lambsquarters, and giant foxtail. Glyphosate alone and with nine different adjuvant combinations was applied following dew formation. The observed glyphosate activity on these weeds differed very little between the no dew and the light dew treatments. The weeds with heavy dew generally had more injury from the various glyphosate treatments than those without dew. Certain adjuvant treatments markedly increased activity with heavy dew.
Polymeric-Based Compatibility Agents for High Electrolyte Systems
Authors: Bofinger Hannah , Ellis Sharon , Sun Susan , Lindner Greg
Published: November 2016

There is an increased need for effective compatibility agents when mixing pesticide formulations with high concentrations of certain dissolved electrolytes present in the nutrients applied during corn planting. This has become an important trend in the agricultural market due to the desire to improve insect and fungal pest control during the early stages of cultivation. Currently, there are a limited number of products available that provide suitable compatibility for these complex dispersion systems, most of which would be classified as tank-mix “compatibility agents” under ASTM E1519, Standard Terminology Relating to Agricultural Tank Mix Adjuvants. Continuing along this line of technology development, a series of novel amphoteric polymers based on esters of trimer acid with ethoxylated diethylethanolamine has been developed and evaluated to determine how well they might meet this specific market need. These polymers were initially evaluated in a phosphate/citrate buffer solution of pH 5 to 9 to determine a baseline for the behavior of the amphoteric polymers in a weak ionic environment. Following initial assessment, the solution behavior of the polymers was evaluated in glyphosate isopropylamine, 2,4-D dimethylamine, ammonium sulfate, urea ammonium nitrate, and ammonium polyphosphate. Solutions were evaluated for stability using visual observation. Structure–property relationships were drawn, and it was concluded that varying the graft density and alkoxy chain length of the molecule does have an effect on the stability of the polymer in a high electrolyte system.
The Influence of Nozzle Type, Operating Pressure, and Tank-Mixture Components on Droplet Characteristics and the EPA's Drift Reduction Rating
Authors: Henry Ryan S. , Fritz Bradley K. , Hoffmann W. Clint , Kruger Greg R.
Published: November 2016

The introduction of drift reduction technology (DRT) guidelines by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established testing protocols for nozzles, agrochemicals, application parameters, and combinations thereof for applying agrochemicals by certified individuals in the United States. The Pesticide Application and Technology Laboratory in North Platte, Nebraska, sought to develop a large database of droplet spectrum data in regards to agrochemical applications by ground systems. The results of this study indicated that nozzle type had the greatest impact on the droplet spectrums measured. DRT star ratings ranged from zero to four, depending upon nozzle selection and adjuvant inclusion. The results of this study indicated that factors that affect a droplet spectrum, including nozzle type, tank-mixture components, and operating pressure, should be tested together when submitting data to the EPA.
Parkin Deficiency Reduces Hippocampal Glutamatergic Neurotransmission by Impairing AMPA Receptor Endocytosis
Authors: Cortese Giuseppe P. , Zhu Mei , Williams Damian , Heath Sarah , Waites Clarissa L.
Published: November 2016

Mutations in the gene encoding Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, lead to juvenile-onset Parkinson's disease by inducing the selective death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Accumulating evidence indicates that Parkin also has an important role in excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission, although its precise mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we investigate Parkin's role at glutamatergic synapses of rat hippocampal neurons. We find that Parkin-deficient neurons exhibit significantly reduced AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated currents and cell-surface expression, and that these phenotypes result from decreased postsynaptic expression of the adaptor protein Homer1, which is necessary for coupling AMPAR endocytic zones with the postsynaptic density. Accordingly, Parkin loss of function leads to the reduced density of postsynaptic endocytic zones and to impaired AMPAR internalization. These findings demonstrate a novel and essential role for Parkin in glutamatergic neurotransmission, as a stabilizer of postsynaptic Homer1 and the Homer1-linked endocytic machinery necessary for maintaining normal cell-surface AMPAR levels.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMutations in Parkin, a ubiquitinating enzyme, lead to the selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and juvenile-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkin loss of function has also been shown to alter hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission, providing a potential explanation for PD-associated cognitive impairment. However, very little is known about Parkin's specific sites or mechanisms of action at glutamatergic synapses. Here, we show that Parkin deficiency leads to decreased AMPA receptor-mediated activity due to disruption of the postsynaptic endocytic zones required for maintaining proper cell-surface AMPA receptor levels. These findings demonstrate a novel role for Parkin in synaptic AMPA receptor internalization and suggest a Parkin-dependent mechanism for hippocampal dysfunction that may explain cognitive deficits associated with some forms of PD.
Distinct Neural Activities in Premotor Cortex during Natural Vocal Behaviors in a New World Primate, the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Roy Sabyasachi , Zhao Lingyun , Wang Xiaoqin
Published: November 2016

Although evidence from human studies has long indicated the crucial role of the frontal cortex in speech production, it has remained uncertain whether the frontal cortex in nonhuman primates plays a similar role in vocal communication. Previous studies of prefrontal and premotor cortices of macaque monkeys have found neural signals associated with cue- and reward-conditioned vocal production, but not with self-initiated or spontaneous vocalizations (Coudé et al., 2011; Hage and Nieder, 2013), which casts doubt on the role of the frontal cortex of the Old World monkeys in vocal communication. A recent study of marmoset frontal cortex observed modulated neural activities associated with self-initiated vocal production (Miller et al., 2015), but it did not delineate whether these neural activities were specifically attributed to vocal production or if they may result from other nonvocal motor activity such as orofacial motor movement. In the present study, we attempted to resolve these issues and examined single neuron activities in premotor cortex during natural vocal exchanges in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a highly vocal New World primate. Neural activation and suppression were observed both before and during self-initiated vocal production. Furthermore, by comparing neural activities between self-initiated vocal production and nonvocal orofacial motor movement, we identified a subpopulation of neurons in marmoset premotor cortex that was activated or suppressed by vocal production, but not by orofacial movement. These findings provide clear evidence of the premotor cortex's involvement in self-initiated vocal production in natural vocal behaviors of a New World primate.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHuman frontal cortex plays a crucial role in speech production. However, it has remained unclear whether the frontal cortex of nonhuman primates is involved in the production of self-initiated vocalizations during natural vocal communication. Using a wireless multichannel neural recording technique, we observed in the premotor cortex neural activation and suppression both before and during self-initiated vocalizations when marmosets, a highly vocal New World primate species, engaged in vocal exchanges with conspecifics. A novel finding of the present study is the discovery of a subpopulation of premotor cortex neurons that was activated by vocal production, but not by orofacial movement. These observations provide clear evidence of the premotor cortex's involvement in vocal production in a New World primate species.
Joint Encoding of Object Motion and Motion Direction in the Salamander Retina
Authors: Kühn Norma Krystyna , Gollisch Tim
Published: November 2016

The processing of motion in visual scenes is important for detecting and tracking moving objects as well as for monitoring self-motion through the induced optic flow. Specialized neural circuits have been identified in the vertebrate retina for detecting motion direction or for distinguishing between object motion and self-motion, although little is known about how information about these distinct features of visual motion is combined. The salamander retina, which is a widely used model system for analyzing retinal function, contains object-motion-sensitive (OMS) ganglion cells, which strongly respond to local motion signals but are suppressed by global image motion. Yet, direction-selective (DS) ganglion cells have been conspicuously absent from characterizations of the salamander retina, despite their ubiquity in other model systems. We here show that the retina of axolotl salamanders contains at least two distinct classes of DS ganglion cells. For one of these classes, the cells display a strong preference for local over global motion in addition to their direction selectivity (OMS-DS cells) and thereby combine sensitivity to two distinct motion features. The OMS-DS cells are further distinct from standard (non-OMS) DS cells by their smaller receptive fields and different organization of preferred motion directions. Our results suggest that the two classes of DS cells specialize to encode motion direction of local and global motion stimuli, respectively, even for complex composite motion scenes. Furthermore, although the salamander DS cells are OFF-type, there is a strong analogy to the systems of ON and ON-OFF DS cells in the mammalian retina.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe retina contains specialized cells for motion processing. Among the retinal ganglion cells, which form the output neurons of the retina, some are known to report the direction of a moving stimulus (direction-selective cells), and others distinguish the motion of an object from a moving background. But little is known about how information about local object motion and information about motion direction interact. Here, we report that direction-selective ganglion cells can be identified in the salamander retina, where their existence had been unclear. Furthermore, there are two independent systems of direction-selective cells, and one of these combines direction selectivity with sensitivity to local motion. The output of these cells could assist in tracking moving objects and estimating their future position.
Hormonal alterations in PCOS and its influence on bone metabolism
Authors: Krishnan Abhaya , Muthusami Sridhar
Published: November 2016

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) occurs in 4–8% of women worldwide. The prevalence of PCOS in Indian adolescents is 12.2% according to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). The National Institute of Health has documented that it affects approximately 5 million women of reproductive age in the United States. Hormonal imbalance is the characteristic of many women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The influence of various endocrine changes in PCOS women and their relevance to bone remains to be documented. Hormones, which include gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), insulin, the leutinizing/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio, androgens, estrogens, growth hormones (GH), cortisol, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin are disturbed in PCOS women. These hormones influence bone metabolism in human subjects directly as well as indirectly. The imbalance in these hormones results in increased prevalence of osteoporosis in PCOS women. Limited evidence suggests that the drugs taken during the treatment of PCOS increase the risk of bone fracture in PCOS patients through endocrine disruption. This review is aimed at the identification of the relationship between bone mineral density and hormonal changes in PCOS subjects and identifies potential areas to study bone-related disorders in PCOS women.
A novel hypothesis for histone-to-protamine transition in Bos taurus spermatozoa
Authors: Sillaste Gerly , Kaplinski Lauris , Meier Riho , Jaakma Ülle , Eriste Elo , Salumets Andres
Published: November 2016

DNA compaction with protamines in sperm is essential for successful fertilization. However, a portion of sperm chromatin remains less tightly packed with histones, which genomic location and function remain unclear. We extracted and sequenced histone-associated DNA from sperm of nine ejaculates from three bulls. We found that the fraction of retained histones varied between samples, but the variance was similar between samples from the same and different individuals. The most conserved regions showed similar abundance across all samples, whereas in other regions, their presence correlated with the size of histone fraction. This may refer to gradual histone–protamine transition, where easily accessible genomic regions, followed by the less accessible regions are first substituted by protamines. Our results confirm those from previous studies that histones remain in repetitive genome elements, such as centromeres, and added new findings of histones in rRNA and SRP RNA gene clusters and indicated histone enrichment in some spermatogenesis-associated genes, but not in genes of early embryonic development. Our functional analysis revealed significant overrepresentation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (cGMP-PKG) pathway genes among histone-enriched genes. This pathway is known for its importance in pre-fertilization sperm events. In summary, a novel hypothesis for gradual histone-to-protamine transition in sperm maturation was proposed. We believe that histones may contribute structural information into early embryo by epigenetically modifying centromeric chromatin and other types of repetitive DNA. We also suggest that sperm histones are retained in genes needed for sperm development, maturation and fertilization, as these genes are transcriptionally active shortly prior to histone-to-protamine transition.
TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC JEJUNITIS DUE TO SYMPTOMATIC ISOLATED SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY DISSECTION: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Mocan Mihaela , Jeican Ionuț Isaia , Moale Mihai , Chira Romeo
Published: November 2016

Acute abdominal pain is one of the most common conditions encountered in the emergency department. The differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain is extensive and identifying the underlying etiology can be challenging. We report a case of acute transient ischemic jejunitis due to symptomatic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection in a patient with no cardiovascular risk factors or autoimmune diseases. Symptomatic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain usually treated in the surgical department. The patient had criteria for conservative treatment and rapidly recovered. We highlight a rare condition which should be taken into account for the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN BARIATRIC SURGERY IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY
Authors: Puia Aida , Puia Ion Cosmin , Cristea Paul Gabriel
Published: November 2016

Background and aims. Obesity is the fastest growing health problem worldwide. Ethical issues linked to obesity are numerous and still under debate even in countries with a long history in obesity treatment.Methods. From 2007 to 2015 we performed several types of bariatric surgical approaches on 250 patients with an average body mass index (BMI) of 42. The age range was 12-64 years. No death was recorded. Direct or phone contact was possible with 90% of them during follow-up. Starting from a specific question based approach in ethics we present aspects regarding obesity surgery in Romania. Patients’ safety, informed consent, cost cover, the role of bariatric surgery in children and bariatric surgeons’ training are discussed.Results. Co-morbidities improved or even disappeared in 90% of our patients. Informed consent is a major problem, due to the lack of public knowledge necessary. The private system in Romania offers bariatric surgery at lower prices than Western Europe but is still out of reach for a person with an average income. Lack of maturity and disharmonic family relations raise a series of challenges in assessing the best interest of children and adolescents. Ethics committees, which operate according to well-defined processes, are more and more active in universities and research centers in Romania, checking that methods and  performance of scientific studies meet adequate standards.Conclusions. A detailed informed consent, thorough preoperative patient assessment and method selection are mandatory for good results in obesity surgery. Insufficient financial resources combined with the long time necessary to acquire the expertise for laparoscopic bariatric surgery may represent an additional pressure on both physicians and patients.
“And I Tiresias have foresuffered all…” – More than allusions to Ovid in T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land?
Authors: Weidmann Dirk
Published: November 2016

Šio straipsnio tikslas – išnagrinėti Teiresijo charak­terio vaidmenį T. S. Elioto epinėje poemoje Bevaisė žemė (The Waste Land). Siekiant atsakyti į šį klau­simą, pirmiausia svarbu apžvelgti T. S. Elioto litera­tūrologines idėjas; antra, reikia atrasti ir išnagrinėti Teiresijo vaizdavimo Ovidijaus Metamorfozėse ir pasakotojo charakterio Bevaisėje žemėje paraleles. Elioto tekste yra daugybė netiesioginių nuorodų, leidžiančių suvokti šio charakterio kaip paties auto­riaus mediumo funkciją. Be to, geras visos ankstesnės literatūrinės tradicijos ir ypač ypatybių, kurios buvo priskiriamos mitiniam Teiresijui, išmanymas yra esminė prielaida adekvačiam autoriaus pozicijos poemoje suvokimui.
Ketvirtojo dešimtmečio estetinės savimonės laukas: Paryžiaus fenomenas
Authors: Klišienė Neringa
Published: November 2016

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Kūnas ir erdvė Ivano Gončarovo romane Oblomovas“
Authors: Šilis Ramūnas
Published: November 2016

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Entwürfe der Subjektivität in der Lyrik Paul Celans (Sprachgitter)
Authors: Bartkuvienė Inga
Published: November 2016

Straipsnyje aptariami subjektyvumo projektai Paulio Celano eilėraščiuose Heimkehr (Grįžimas namo) irStimmen (Balsai) iš rinkinio Sprachgitter (Kalbos grotos). Remiantis modernizmo ir postmodernizmo teorijose plėtotomis subjekto koncepcijomis, su­bjektas suprantamas ne kaip įvykusi tapatybė, o kaip viena iš galimų perspektyvų ir kaip determinuotas kalbos. Teigiama, kad kiekviename eilėraštyje su­bjektas steigiasi iš naujo, yra vis kitoks, reikalaujan­tis iš skaitytojo nuolatinės savo žvilgsnio peržiūros. Eilėraščius leidžia gretinti balso, nebylumo, atmin­ties, rašto refleksijose aptinkami subjekto ir kalbos sanklotos ir atskirties atvejai. Tekstus sieja impli­kuojamos tapatybės ir skirtumo, savasties ir kitybės problemos. Eilėraštyje Heimkehr atsiveria subjekto esaties–nesaties paradigma, kurioje artikuliuotas, ta­čiau nebylumu ir marumu paženklintas „aš“ gali būti perskaitytas kaip sau kitas. Eilėraštyje Stimmenbal­sų figūromis kuriama nesubstancialaus, spektriško, figūratyvaus subjektyvumo suvokimo galimybė.
Книга о литвинах, поляках, русских и Петербурге
Authors: Лавринец Павел
Published: November 2016

[Поляки в Петербурге в первой половине XIX века, сост., предисл., подгот. текста воспоминаний О. А. Пржецлавского и коммент.А. И. Федуты; пер. воспоминаний С. Моравского, Т. Бобровского и А.-Г. Киркора с польск. Ю. В. Чайникова, Москва:Новое литературное обозрение, 2010 (Россия в мемуарах), 912 с.]
A Folha de Boa Vista e a desintrusão na Terra Indígena Raposa Serra do Sol
Authors: Heller Bárbara , Alecrim Wenya
Published: November 2016

Em abril de 2009, o Supremo Tribunal Federal confirmou a homologação contínua da Terra Indígena Raposa Serra do Sol, em Roraima, decisão que obrigou a população não indígena, constituída por pequenos colonos e grandes exportadores de arroz, a sair da região. Aos quase 20 mil índios que disputavam o direito sobre a terra, de aproximadamente 1,7 milhão de hectares, coube comemorar. A Folha de Boa Vista (FBV), um dos maiores jornais do Estado de Roraima (Brasil), participou ativamente dessa disputa em suas edições diárias. Neste artigo, mediante o instrumental da Análise do Discurso, analisamos 23 reportagens publicadas por esse jornal ao longo de 2009, a fim de compreender em que medida ele reforçou ou resistiu ao poder hegemônico, suas estratégias discursivas, as mediações e representações dos grupos sociais envolvidos.
As receitas para o corpo belo e saudável encontradas nas páginas de Time e Veja
Authors: Gico Vânia De Vasconcelos , Luz Lia Hecker
Published: November 2016

Análise de matérias sobre a busca do corpo belo e saudável publicadas nas edições de janeiro a junho de 2005 das revistas Veja e Time, com o objetivo de identificar os padrões de beleza e saúde reforçados pelo discurso midiático e apresentar reflexões sobre o estatuto do corpo na sociedade moderna. Time aborda o problema motivada por uma polêmica que está em pauta na sociedade norte-americana, sem apresentar dietas ou exercícios da moda ou o corpo magro e belo como o único saudável. Já Veja embarca nas ondas do consumo da beleza, ao trazer duas matérias de dietas da moda, cultuando mais a busca pelo corpo magro e dentro dos padrões estéticos do que pelo necessariamente saudável.
Telegrafia e modernização da imprensa nas crônicas de Machado de Assis
Authors: Quadros Jussara Menezes
Published: November 2016

O artigo analisa as críticas de Machado de Assis (1839-1908) à telegrafia e sua resistência à informação telegráfica como novo paradigma do discurso jornalístico. Em 1875, um ano apenas após a inauguração do cabo submarino transatlântico, a agência Havas-Reuter abria seus escritórios no Brasil, marcando o início da incorporação do país a uma rede global de comunicações telegráficas. As crônicas do escritor, publicadas entre 1870- 1890, mostram que a modernização tecnológica da imprensa gerou tensões e controvérsias, ameaçando desestabilizar os fortes vínculos entre a literatura e o jornalismo. As invectivas irônicas de Machado de Assis contra a agência Havas revelam seu engajamento nas políticas da imprensa local, por oposição à acelerada internacionalização do mercado de notícias na segunda metade do século XIX.
A TV de Silvio Santos – estratégias mercadológicas na grade de programação do SBT: um enfoque quantitativo
Authors: Galhardi Cláudia Pereira , Mohedano Félix Ortega , Igartua Juan José
Published: November 2016

No Brasil, os concessionários de TV, teoricamente, mantêm um compromisso com o Governo Federal para que operem o espectro eletromagnético como um bem público, com ênfase em princípios educativos, artísticos, culturais e informativos. Em face destas constatações, o presente artigo visa a revelar o atual cenário de oferta de programas da emissora SBT em São Paulo, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul e na TV Aratu, afiliada do SBT na Bahia. Para tanto, realizou-se uma investigação empírica quantitativa a partir da análise de conteúdo da programação exibida durante o ano de 2012. Os resultados demonstram uma programação marcada por uma ideologia empresarial, o não cumprimento do marco legal vigente, nula produção de conteúdos educativos e culturais e massiva oferta de importação estrangeira.
ĮMONĖS INTELEKTINIO KAPITALO ATASKAITOS FORMAVIMAS
Authors: Ličkienė Dovilė , Ramanauskaitė Agnė
Published: November 2016

Atlikti tyrimai intelektinio kapitalo tematika praplečia intelektinio kapitalo sampratą, jo vertinimą, tačiau problema yra tai, jog analizuojami esminiai intelektinio kapitalo aspektai yra nesujungiami į bendrą ir detalią intelektinio kapitalo vertinimo sistemą. Taip pat trūksta išsamesnių lyginamųjų intelektinio kapitalo atskleidimo tyrimų, universalių atskleidimo kriterijų ir būdo. Dėl šių priežasčių intelektinio kapitalo vertinimas ir atskleidimas praktikoje yra nepatikimas. Visa tai pagrindžia išsamesnių tyrimų apie intelektinio kapitalo vertinimą ir atskleidimą poreikį. Todėl šio straipsnio tikslas – išanalizavus intelektinio kapitalo koncepcinę esmę, suformuoti įmonės intelektinio kapitalo ataskaitos šabloną ir užpildymo gaires.
Straipsnyje atlikta intelektinio kapitalo sampratos interpretacijų analizė, kuri leido išskirti intelektinio kapitalo komponentus bei pateikti platesnį jo apibrėžimą. Taip pat nustatyta intelektinio kapitalo struktūra, susidedanti iš trijų lygiaverčių komponentų bei jų tarpusavio sąryšių. Galiausiai nustatytas palankiau vertinamas intelektinio kapitalo atskleidimo būdas – ataskaitos rengimas. Ištyrus užsienio šalių įmonių praktiką, rengiant intelektinio kapitalo ataskaitas, nustatyti pagrindiniai intelektinio kapitalo ataskaitos rengimo principai. Remiantis jais bei teorine analize, sudaryta dviejų dalių įmonės intelektinio kapitalo ataskaita, pateikta intelektinio kapitalo ataskaitos rengimo eiga.
BUDGET FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
IN UKRAINIAN COMPANIES: EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors: Shcherbina Ganna , Tamulevičienė Daiva
Published: November 2016

Information on an application of the budgeting by Ukrainian enterprises at the moment is virtually non-existent, but the budget is one of the most important management methods in most companies in the world, that is the reason why benefit of practice of this method formation and application is not questionable. Recently, this topic became significantly relevant, when the need of efficient competitive potential is increasing, it is necessary to realize changing tendencies of the current business environment and to adapt to them, because users’ instability or incomprehensibility of immaterial resources for a longer period of time negatively affects business results. Consequently, an intense scientific discussion is in the progress about budgets in practice, which are not adjusted to the modern realms, but also do not encourages business and cause negative consequences to the organizations that are utilizing them. Therefore, the level of budget formation and its implementation in Ukrainian companies has been carried out in this article by the questionnaire survey method collecting primary data. The analysis of the survey results shows, almost all Ukrainian companies set up the budgets. There are investigate the budgeting models, review preferences of the budgeting system, consider an organization of the budgeting process and assess an accomplishment and difficulties of the budgeting system in Ukrainian companies, which would create the potential for successful economic operators in the future.
Correlation between interalar width and intercommisural width against mesiodistal width of central upper incisor in Buginese tribe
Authors: Thalib Bahruddin , Saputri Ayu
Published: November 2016

Various types of anatomical landmarks of the face should match its proportions with the size of the teeth which is the interalar width, intercomissural width, interpupillary width, Intercanthal width, and byzigomatic width. Some of face landmarks can be used as a guide in the selection of anterior teeth in complete denture, especially if the pre extraction record such as radiography image, extracted teeth, model study, the remaining teeth, face shape, and the shape of the curved jaw have been lost. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between interalar width and intercommisural width against mesiodistal incisivus centralis width in a group of Buginese tribe. Ninety nine Buginese tribe subjects aged 17-25 were selected. The interalar width, intercommisural width, and mesiodistal incisor centralis teeth were measured using caliper about three times for accuracy and precision. Mean of interalar width and mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla width in males more width than females (p<0.05), and intercommisural width in females more width than males (p>0.05). The degree of correlation between interalar width against mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla width was 0.030, -0.246, 0,225 in Buginese tribe, males, and females (p>0.05). : The degree of correlation between intercommisural width against  mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla width in Buginese tribe was 0,054, 0,013, 0,153 in Buginese tribe, males, and females (p>0.05). The degree of correlation between interalar width and intercommisural width was 0.301 and 0.356 in Buginese tribe and males (p<0.05), and 0,281 in females (p>0.05). In conclusion, there is no significant correlation between interalar width and intercommisural width against mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla width in a group of Buginese tribe. Interalar width and intercommisural width  directly proportional to mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla in a group of Buginese tribe. Interalar width and intercommisural width  inversely proportional to mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla in males and directly inversely in females.