bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of very low-frequency electromagnetic survey in the mapping of groundwater condition in oporoza-gbamaratu area of the Niger Delta
Authors: Ohwoghere-Asuma Oghenero , Chinyem I. Felix , Aweto Kizito Ejiro , Iserhien-Emekeme Ruth
Published: June 2020

The use of VLF-EM in sedimentary basins has not been fully understood and has not attracted substantial usage in groundwater exploration, specifically in coastal Niger Delta. In the present study, VLF and 2D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) surveys were combined with hydrogeochemical data to examine groundwater quality. Both interpretations of VLF and 2D ERI uncovered subsurface conductive geologic materials. Eight groundwater and one river water samples as well as static water level were analyzed to complement geophysical data (VLF-EM and ERI). The results suggested that conductive materials detected in the subsurface are unconnected with intrusion of sea water but depicted clay material typical of tidal flat deposits. Furthermore, hydraulic heads estimated from water level and land elevation measurements did suggest that groundwater flows into the Escravos River. Also, the stage of the Escravos River is above water levels in boreholes and hand-dug wells, which is not an indicative of the incursion of salt water into aquifer from the river. The slight level of nitrate loading in groundwater probably suggests contamination emanating from anthropogenic sources such as septic tanks and leachates from diffuse refuse dumps. The study has validated the effectiveness of VLF technique usage in sedimentary basins for the delineation of groundwater quality, but not without important hydrogeochemical data.
Development of a research platform for BEPC II accelerator fault diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Qi , Cao Jianshe , Sui Yanfeng
Published: June 2020

Background

BEPC II is an electron–positron collider with a beam energy of 1.89 GeV and luminosity of 1 × 1033 cm−2 s−1. Being a complex accelerator, fault diagnostics both in an accurate manner and in time are often challenging during its operation.

Purpose

The fault diagnosis research platform is capable of locating and resolving faults on time, thus can largely improve the operation of BEPCII by reducing downtime due to machine fault and consequently satisfying the demand for fault diagnosis of a complex system.

Methods

Making full use of the existing large-scale hardware foundation, abundant data resources and previous experiences, a fault diagnosis research platform was built by applying data mining, machine learning and other related algorithms to carry out specific fault analysis on the entire system.

Conclusion

The fault diagnosis research platform has been developed with implemented functions of data query, statistics and analysis. Partial fault diagnoses of the three subsystems have been realized. The 4W1 power supply fault has been successfully discovered, and effective solutions have been subsequently provided.
Invertibility, Fredholmness and kernels of dual truncated Toeplitz operators
Authors: Câmara M. Cristina , Kliś-Garlicka Kamila , Łanucha Bartosz , Ptak Marek
Published: June 2020

Asymmetric dual truncated Toeplitz operators acting between the orthogonal complements of two (eventually different) model spaces are introduced and studied. They are shown to be equivalent after extension to paired operators on $$L^2({\mathbb {T}}) \oplus L^2({\mathbb {T}})$$

L
2

(
T
)

⊕

L
2

(
T
)

and, if their symbols are invertible in $$L^\infty ({\mathbb {T}})$$

L
∞

(
T
)

, to asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators with the inverse symbol. Relations with Carleson’s corona theorem are also established. These results are used to study the Fredholmness, the invertibility and the spectra of various classes of dual truncated Toeplitz operators.
Freeboard height and snow depth observed by floating GPS on land-fast sea ice in Nella Fjord, Antarctica
Authors: Zhang Qingchuan , Li Fei , Lei Jintao , Zhang Shengkai , Ding Zhuoming , Chen Wu , Li Wenhao
Published: June 2020

Although altimeters have been widely used to monitor the spatiotemporal variation of sea-ice thickness, they are unable to separate sea-ice freeboard from snow depth. We use a floating GPS deployed on sea ice to derive the freeboard and snow depth near China's Zhongshan Station. Our results show that the standalone floating GPS can monitor freeboard with a precision of 4.2 cm. If time-varying dynamic ocean topography provided by, for example, a bottom pressure gauge is available, then the precision of GPS-derived freeboard can improve to 1.3 cm. The daily snow depth inverted by GPS interferometric reflectometry captures three precipitation events during our experiment, showing that the floating GPS can monitor the variation in snow depth and observe the freeboard variation at the same time. By studying the relationship between freeboard, snow depth and sea-ice thickness, we find that sea-ice thickness will be greatly underestimated by the negative single-point freeboard under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. As a supplement to existing technologies, the GPS-derived freeboard and snow depth can be used both to evaluate the altimeter observations directly and to improve our understanding of the real-time variation of freeboard and snow depth in the experimental area.
How to Build the Plane While Flying: VTE/PE Thromboprophylaxis Clinical Guidelines for COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Costa Alessandro , Weinstein Eric S. , Sahoo D. Ruby , Thompson Stanley C. , Faccincani Roberto , Ragazzoni Luca
Published: June 2020

Over the years, the practice of medicine has evolved from authority-based to experience-based to evidence-based with the introduction of the scientific process, clinical trials, and outcomes-based data analysis (Tebala GD. Int J Med Sci. 2018;15(12):1397-1405). The time required to perform the necessary randomized controlled trials, a systematic literature review, and meta-analysis of these trials to then create, accept, promulgate, and educate the practicing clinicians to use the evidence-based clinical guidelines is typically measured in years. When the severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus-2 (SARS-nCoV-2) pandemic commenced in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, there were few available clinical guidelines to deploy, let alone adapt and adopt to treat the surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The aim of this study is to first explain how clinical guidelines, on which bedside clinicians have grown accustomed, can be created in the midst of a pandemic, with an evolving scientific understanding of the pathophysiology of the hypercoagulable state. The second is to adapt and adopt current venous thromboembolism diagnostic and treatment guidelines, while relying on the limited available observational reporting of COVID-19 patients to create a comprehensive clinical guideline to treat COVID-19 patients.
Description of a pharmacist-driven safety algorithm in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: Compliance, interventions, and good saves
Authors: Lines Tara H. , Nesbitt Whitney J. , Greene Matthew H. , Nelson George E.
Published: June 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-driven Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) safety bundle supported by leadership and to compare compliance before and after implementation.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study with descriptive and before-and-after analyses.

Setting:

Tertiary-care academic medical center.

Patients:

All patients with documented SAB, regardless of the source of infection, were included. Patients transitioned to palliative care were excluded from before-and-after analysis.

Methods:

A pharmacist-driven safety bundle including documented clearance of bacteremia, echocardiography, removal of central venous catheters, and targeted intravenous therapy of at least 2 weeks duration was implemented in November 2015 and was supported by leadership with stepwise escalation for nonresponse. A descriptive analysis of all patients with SAB during the study period included pharmacy interventions, acceptance rates, and escalation rates. A pre–post implementation analysis of 100 sequential patients compared bundle compliance and descriptive parameters.

Results:

Overall, 391 interventions were made in the 20-month period following implementation, including 20 “good saves” avoiding potentially major adverse events. No statistically significant differences in complete bundle compliance were detected between the periods (74% vs 84%; P = .08). However, we detected a significant increase in echocardiography after the bundle was implemented (83% vs 94%; P = .02) and fewer patients received suboptimal definitive therapy after the bundle was implemented (10% vs 3%; P = .045).

Conclusions:

This pharmacist-driven SAB safety bundle with leadership support showed improvement in process measures, which may have prevented major adverse events, even with available infectious diseases (ID) consultation. It provides a critical safety net for institutions without mandatory ID consultation or with limited antimicrobial stewardship resources.
Control of a hospital-wide outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) using the Israeli national carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) guidelines as a model
Authors: Alon Danny , Mudrik Hadar , Chowers Michal , Shitrit Pnina
Published: June 2020

Objective:

To study the effect of implementing the Israeli national carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) guidelines on controlling a hospital-wide outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB).

Design:

A before-and-after study from 2014 to 2018.

Setting:

A 740-bed, secondary-care hospital in central Israel.

Intervention:

Acquisition of CRAB was defined as a positive culture taken at least 48 hours after admission or a positive sample identified upon admission in a patient who had been readmitted within 30 days after discharge from our institution. The intervention included maintaining a case registry of all CRAB patients, cohorting patients under strict contact isolation, using dedicated nursing staff and equipment, rigorous cleaning, education and close monitoring of hospital staff, and involvement of hospital management.

Results:

In total, 210 patients were identified with hospital-acquired CRAB: 141 before the intervention and 69 after the intervention. CRAB acquisition rates decreased by 77%, from 1.3 per 1,000 admissions before the intervention (2014–2015) to 0.3 per 1,000 admissions after the intervention (2016–2018) (P < .001). The decrease in acquisitions was observed hospital-wide, year by year (P for trend, <.001). In 2018, only 7 new acquisitions were detected in internal medicine wards (P = .058) and none in the ICUs (P = .006).

Conclusions:

A structured intervention based on the Israeli CRE management guidelines was successful in controlling a hospital-wide CRAB outbreak.
The Cyclical Nature of Poverty: Evicting the Poor
Authors: Roesch-Knapp Andrew
Published: June 2020

From the medical field to the housing market to the criminal justice system, poor people must navigate labyrinthian organizations that often perpetuate social and economic inequality. Arguably it is through these social institutions, and through multiple processes embedded within each of these institutions, that the governance of urban poverty is effectively maintained. This essay revolves around one such process, examining how Matthew Desmondʼs Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City (2016) points to the eviction process as an important producer of urban poverty in and of itself. After delving into housing law and Desmondʼs ethnographic and quantitative research methodologies, the essay examines four sites where the law is at work in eviction: the eviction court; the “law-on-the-books” versus the “law-in-action”; practices in the shadow of the law; and the relationship between the criminal justice system and the housing market. One goal of the essay is to place eviction within the law, punishment, and social inequality literatures.
Zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotope analyses of the Wulian complex in the Sulu orogenic belt, eastern China: tectonic affinity and implications for early Precambrian crustal growth and recycling in the South China Craton
Authors: Liu Jian-Hui , Liu Fu-Lai , Ding Zheng-Jiang , Yang Hong , Liu Ping-Hua , Liu Li-Shuang , Chen Hui , Wang Xiang-Jian
Published: June 2020

The Wulian complex is located on the northern margin of the Sulu orogenic belt, and was formed by collision between the North China Craton (NCC) to the north and South China Craton (SCC) to the south. It consists of the metasedimentary Wulian Group, gneissic granite and meta-diorite. The U–Pb analyses for the detrital zircons from the Wulian Group exhibit one predominant age population of 2600–2400 Ma with a peak atc. 2.5 Ga and several secondary age populations of > 3000, 3000–2800, 2800–2600, 2200–2000, 1900–1800, 1500–1300 and 1250–950 Ma; some metamorphic zircons have metamorphic ages ofc. 2.7, 2.55–2.45, 2.1–2.0 and 1.95–1.80 Ga, which are consistent with magmatic-metamorphic events in the SCC. Additionally, the Wulian Group was intruded by the gneissic granite and meta-diorite atc. 0.76 Ga, attributed to Neoproterozoic syn-rifting bimodal magmatic activity in the SCC and derived from partial melting of Archaean continental crust and depleted mantle, respectively. The Wulian Group therefore has tectonic affinity to the SCC and was mainly sourced from the SCC. The detrital zircons have positive and negative ϵHf(t) values, indicating that their source rocks were derived from reworking of both ancient and juvenile crustal rocks. The major early Precambrian crustal growth took place duringc. 3.4–2.5 Ga with a dominant peak at 2.96 Ga and several secondary peaks at 3.27, 2.74 and 2.52 Ga. The two oldest zircons with ages of 3307 and 3347 Ma record the recycling of ancient continental crust (> 3.35 Ga) and crustal growth prior toc. 3.95 Ga in the SCC.
THE CONTROL OF OUTDOOR ADVERTISING, AMENITY, AND URBAN GOVERNANCE IN BRITAIN, 1893–1962
Authors: GREENHALGH JAMES
Published: June 2020

This article examines the control of outdoor advertising in Britain, tracking its development as a mirror of the practices of spatial governance. It evidences both a largely forgotten, yet radical change in the urban environment, whilst also functioning as a lens through which we might examine local government's role in driving change in the visual environment of cities and towns. The article argues that, despite important early work by preservationist organizations, local corporations and councils were the principal drivers of legislation, altering attitudes in central government that ultimately led to stringent control of outdoor advertising in urban space. Beginning in the nineteenth century, but coming to the fore during the interwar period, corporations and councils pushed for ever greater controls over the size and siting of billboards, hoardings, and posters. In doing so, they deployed a language of amenity, and conjured with seemingly social democratic notions of citizens’ rights to push their agenda. The study is thus revealing of the ways in which town planning, patterns of holistic control in the visual environment, and the philosophy of urban modernism shaped even the most mundane, extant urban areas and left a lasting impression on the urban landscape.
Nazi Criminology: Continuity and Radicalisation
Authors: Ambos Kai
Published: June 2020

Contrary to the ‘rupture thesis’ favoured in Anglo-American academic discourse, Nazi criminal law did not emerge from a vacuum; nor did it disappear after 1945. The article explains and defends this ‘continuity thesis’. In fact, Nazi criminal law adopted earlier authoritarian tendencies of German criminal law and exacerbated them (the ‘radicalisation thesis’). It is for this reason that Nazi criminal law should not lightly be dismissed as ‘non-law’, thus omitting any further engagement with it. The article will show that the same continuity and radicalisation arguments can be made, mutatis mutandis, for German Nazi criminology, which ultimately became a legitimating science (‘Legitimationswissenschaft’) for Nazi criminal justice policy. The argument is developed in four stages. First, an account is given of the racist and criminal-biologistic foundations of National Socialist criminology, including their continuity both with the past and into the future. This is followed by an explanation of the influence of criminal anthropology (particularly that of Lombroso) on the ‘scientification’ of criminology (the ‘Kraepelin and Aschaffenburg paradigms’). Third, the National Socialist radicalisation of criminology on the basis of the criminal-biological utopia of the ‘blood-based’ Volksgemeinschaft is described. Thus, Nazi criminology derived its strength from and built upon biological theories of crime, which in turn laid the foundations of the deadly Nazi criminal justice policy. The discipline became a science that legitimated National Socialism, contrary to Wetzell's thesis of a somewhat dissident ‘mainstream criminology’. With regard to disturbing developments in current German politics, all this will make clear that the approach of the (German) ‘New Right’ to criminal justice is not novel at all but is derived from the ideologically infused theories and policies of Nazi criminologists during the 1930s.
Can a worship-worthy agent command others to worship it?
Authors: CHOO FREDERICK
Published: June 2020

This article examines two arguments that a worship-worthy agent cannot command worship. The first argument is based on the idea that any agent who commands worship is egotistical, and hence not worship-worthy. The second argument is based on Campbell Brown and Yujin Nagasawa's (2005) idea that people cannot comply with the command to worship because if people are offering genuine worship, they cannot be motivated by a command to do so. One might then argue that a worship-worthy agent would have no reason to issue a command to worship. I argue that both these arguments fail.
A case of COVID-19 in a patient with a univentricular heart post total cavopulmonary connection (Fontan) surgery
Authors: Linnane Niall , Cox Des W. , James Adam
Published: June 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic which has affected patients and healthcare systems around the world. Patients with underlying health conditions seem to be more severely affected. There are limited reports of patients with univentricular circulations and COVID 19; thus, we report a case of COVID-19 in a patient with a univentricular circulation.
FOCUS: Through Chinese Eyes
Authors: D’haen Theo
Published: June 2020

In this FOCUS, eight contemporary Chinese literature scholars, in four articles, give their view of (some aspects of) the reception of Chinese literature and theory in Europe during the twentieth century. In the first article, Shunqing Cao and Zhoukun Han discuss how Chinese literature has been read and misread in Europe, but also how it has given rise to literary innovations in European literature and theory. Peina Zhuang and Yina Cao detail how the earliest English-language history of Chinese literature at the turn of the twentieth century presented a very one-sided perspective of its subject. Qilin Fu and Shubo Gao trace the reception of Maoist Marxism in European literature and philosophy in the 1960s and 1970s. Yirong Hu and Lin Mei, finally, hold a plea for a redefinition of imagology to better account for the image of China in Europe and the West in an age of new global media.
Literature, Theory and Politics of the Long ’68: The Last Season of Modernism and Peripherality
Authors: Juvan Marko
Published: June 2020

As part of the Yugoslav in-between periphery, Ljubljana became a site of interaction between an antisystemic movement, literature and theory, the fields that in Paris were arguably only co-present during the long 1968. Following Franco Moretti and Perry Anderson’s notion of modernism as a cultural field of force experiencing the imaginative proximity of social revolution, the experimental literature of the 1960s may be viewed as the last season of modernism. This is when modernism in Slovenia synchronized with Paris, the metropole that Pascale Casanova has described as the Greenwich meridian of literary modernity. Peripheries in the literary world-system are, for Moretti, forced into a belated compromise between local perspectives and globalized forms emanating from metropoles. In this case, however, it is due to its peripherality that Slovenian literature was able to produce an innovative political interlacement of theory and literature (for example, the internationally acclaimed neo-avant-garde group OHO and the Ljubljana Lacanian circle). In the 1960s and 1970s, the Ljubljana student journal Tribuna published experimental literature, (post)structuralist theory and antisystemic political writings. The mere contiguity of these discourses evoked their interaction. Even stronger modes of interaction characterized their production and mediation, such as writer-theorists translating French theory or various hybrids of theory and literature. Slavoj Žižek’s early hybrid texts show the emergence of theory as a parasite of literature and philosophy. They deconstruct the (nationalist) author function. A scandal provoked by Žižek in 1967 foretells the split of the ‘68 avant-garde between the theoretical and literary faction in the 1970s.
Test–Retest Reliability of Concussion Baseline Assessments in United States Service Academy Cadets: A Report from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)–Department of Defense (DoD) CARE Consortium
Authors: Houston Megan N. , Van Pelt Kathryn L. , D’Lauro Christopher , Brodeur Rachel M. , Campbell Darren E. , McGinty Gerald T. , Jackson Jonathan C. , Kelly Tim F. , Peck Karen Y. , Svoboda Steven J. , McAllister Thomas W. , McCrea Michael A. , Broglio Steven P. , Cameron Kenneth L.
Published: June 2020

Objective:

In response to advancing clinical practice guidelines regarding concussion management, service members, like athletes, complete a baseline assessment prior to participating in high-risk activities. While several studies have established test stability in athletes, no investigation to date has examined the stability of baseline assessment scores in military cadets. The objective of this study was to assess the test–retest reliability of a baseline concussion test battery in cadets at U.S. Service Academies.

Methods:

All cadets participating in the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium investigation completed a standard baseline battery that included memory, balance, symptom, and neurocognitive assessments. Annual baseline testing was completed during the first 3 years of the study. A two-way mixed-model analysis of variance (intraclass correlation coefficent (ICC)3,1) and Kappa statistics were used to assess the stability of the metrics at 1-year and 2-year time intervals.

Results:

ICC values for the 1-year test interval ranged from 0.28 to 0.67 and from 0.15 to 0.57 for the 2-year interval. Kappa values ranged from 0.16 to 0.21 for the 1-year interval and from 0.29 to 0.31 for the 2-year test interval. Across all measures, the observed effects were small, ranging from 0.01 to 0.44.

Conclusions:

This investigation noted less than optimal reliability for the most common concussion baseline assessments. While none of the assessments met or exceeded the accepted clinical threshold, the effect sizes were relatively small suggesting an overlap in performance from year-to-year. As such, baseline assessments beyond the initial evaluation in cadets are not essential but could aid concussion diagnosis.
The risk of infectious pathogens in breast-feeding, donated human milk and breast milk substitutes
Authors: Blackshaw Katherine , Valtchev Peter , Koolaji Nooshin , Berry Nina , Schindeler Aaron , Dehghani Fariba , Banati Richard B
Published: June 2020

Objective:

This review collates the published reports that focus on microbial and viral illnesses that can be transmitted by breast milk, donor milk and powdered infant formula (PIF). In this context, we attempt to define a risk framework encompassing those hazards, exposure scenarios, vulnerability and protective factors.

Design:

A literature search was performed for reported cases of morbidity and mortality associated with different infant feeding modes.

Setting:

Exclusive breast-feeding is the recommended for infant feeding under 6 months, or failing that, provision of donated human milk. However, the use of PIF remains high despite its intrinsic and extrinsic risk of microbial contamination, as well as the potential for adverse physiological effects, including infant gut dysbiosis.

Results:

Viable pathogen transmission via breast-feeding or donor milk (pasteurised and unpasteurised) is rare. However, transmission of HIV and human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 is a concern for breast-feeding mothers, particularly for mothers undertaking a mixed feeding mode (PIF and breast-feeding). In PIF, intrinsic and extrinsic microbial contamination, such asCronobacterandSalmonella, remain significant identifiable causes of infant morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions:

Disease transmission through breast-feeding or donor human milk is rare, most likely owing to its complex intrinsically protective composition of human milk and protection of the infant gut lining. Contamination of PIF and the morbidity associated with this is likely underappreciated in terms of community risk. A better system of safe donor milk sharing that also establishes security of supply for non-hospitalised healthy infants in need of breast milk would reduce the reliance on PIF.
“Illegal Religious Activities” and Counter-Terrorism in China
Authors: Zhang Chi
Published: June 2020

The fight against terrorism prompts governments to differentiate between “good” religious practices and the “bad” ones. The simplistic dichotomy of “good” and “bad” Muslims has led to a cascade of criticism, but a fallacy underlying this dualism remains underexplored. This paper examines the “no true Scotsman” fallacy that is prevalent in the political discourse surrounding terrorism and religion. It argues that China's attempt to counteract the essentialist assumption about Uyghurs leads to a reinforced “good-versus-bad” dichotomous categorization of Muslims, reflected in the binary of “normal” and “illegal” in China's religious policy. This is a major contribution to the existing literature on politics and religion because, theoretically, this paper applies the “no true Scotsman” fallacy and “good” and “bad” Muslims dichotomy to explain the relationship between politics and religion; empirically, it provides a rich overview of the political nature of religious policy in China.
Evaluation of Motivation for the Treatment of Drug Addicts with Personality Disorders
Authors: Martínez-González José M. , Caracuel Alfonso , Vilar-López Raquel , Becoña Elisardo , Verdejo-García Antonio
Published: June 2020

Lack of motivation for the treatment of drug addiction is associated with dropout and relapses. Further, personality disorders (PD) have traditionally been linked to low motivation and therapeutic failure. Thus, the present study aims to analyze the structure of the Motivation for Treatment Questionnaire (MTQ–8), as well as to determine differences in motivation due to the presence of PD and the impact of psychological adjustment on motivation. The sample included 125 patients (84% male) who started a treatment for their addiction to cocaine and alcohol. Rasch analysis was applied for the first objective, and means contrast and regression analysis for the others. The two subscales of the MTQ–8 fit the Rasch model, with appropriate psychometric characteristics when merging Items 5 and 7. The presence of PD was not associated with reduced motivation. Motivation for treatment was greater when abstinence was less than three weeks, and psychological distress predicted motivation for treatment. The present study confirms that MTQ–8 subscales are suitable for measuring motivation for treatment and readiness for change in drug-dependent patients. It is noted that the presence of PD should not be associated with a lower level of motivation, and that psychological distress influences motivation.
Psychological and Sociodemographic Variables related to Cortisol in Hair in Spanish Healthy Population
Authors: García Laura Arco , Pérez Raquel González , Extremera Alejandra Henares , León María Ángeles García , Peralta-Ramírez María Isabel
Published: June 2020

Some recent researches have shown the important role of hair cortisol as a retrospective biomarker of chronic stress. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between hair cortisol levels and sociodemographic and psychological variables, such as perceived stress levels and psychopathological symptoms on a Spanish population. The sample consisted of 347 healthy people, 230 women and 117 men, with an average age of 33.39 years (SD= 12.63). Hair cortisol levels were measured by obtaining a hair sample. In addition, a psychological assessment composed by: Analogic-Visual Stress Scale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL–90–R) and the assessment of vital stressful events suffered, was carried out. The mean cortisol level was 108.93 pg/mg (SD= 66.43) in men, and 120.38 pg/mg (SD= 87.26) in women. The linear hierarchical regression showed that Analogic-Visual Stress Scale and perceived stress levels were related with higher hair cortisol levels (R2= .032;t= 2.21;p= .029). Due to the relationship between daily stress levels, Analogic-Visual Stress Scale, anxiety sub-scale of SCL 90–R and perceived stress levels with hair cortisol levels, we conclude that there is a relation between perceived yourself stressed and the physiological levels.
Combining Defaults and Transparency Information to Increase Policy Compliance
Authors: Paunov Yavor , Wänke Michaela , Vogel Tobias
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Combining the strengths of defaults and transparency information is a potentially powerful way to induce policy compliance. Despite negative theoretical predictions, a recent line of research revealed that default nudges may become more effective if people are informed why they should exhibit the targeted behavior. Yet, it is an open empirical question whether the increase in compliance came from setting a default and consequently disclosing it, or the provided information was sufficient to deliver the effect on its own. Results from an online experiment indicate that both defaulting and transparency information exert a statistically independent effect on compliance, with highest compliance rates observed in the combined condition. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
High‐Resolution 3‐D Shear Wave Velocity Model of the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Crustal Deformation and Porphyry Cu Deposit Formation
Authors: Huang Shuye , Yao Huajian , Lu Zhanwu , Tian Xiaobo , Zheng Yong , Wang Rui , Luo Song , Feng Jikun
Published: June 2020

The high topography of the Tibetan Plateau was generated by the Cenozoic India‐Eurasia collision. A high‐resolution shear wave velocity model can provide improved understanding of the Tibetan structure and crustal deformation with complicated tectonic evolution. Based on continuous seismic observations at approximately 400 stations, we collected over 10,000 Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves extracted from ambient noise cross‐correlation functions. A direct surface wave inversion method was applied to obtain an S wave velocity model of the Tibetan crust. A heterogeneous structure including several prominent low‐velocity zones (LVZs) and relatively narrow low‐velocity bands connecting the LVZs is revealed. Our model shows significant crustal low‐velocity structures with lateral variations along the Himalayan front. In the eastern segment of the Lhasa terrane, the LVZ is spatially correlated with Miocene porphyry Cu deposits, which are probably related to strong tearing of the Indian lithosphere, while preexisting weak zones contribute to the LVZs in the western segment. Meanwhile, the LVZ along the Bangong‐Nujiang suture could be considered as a channel for eastward extrusion of ductile material, that is, crustal flow on geological timescales. This “flow” in the middle‐lower crust probably contributed to the formation of the V‐shaped conjugate strike‐slip fault system in central Tibet. The development of conjugate strike‐slip faults, however, ceased near 90°E, since the eastward “flow” was blocked by an intracrustal high‐velocity block in Amdo. This preexisting rigid zone (containing the Amdo microcontinent) hence influences the pattern of material transport inside the Tibetan crust and the deformation of the plateau.
Erosion of the Subsurface Salinity Maximum of the Loop Current Eddies From Glider Observations and a Numerical Model
Authors: Sosa‐Gutiérrez R. , Pallàs‐Sanz E. , Jouanno J. , Chaigneau A. , Candela J. , Tenreiro M.
Published: June 2020

The erosion of the subsurface salinity maximum, signature of the Caribbean Subtropical UnderWater (SUW), within the Loop Current Eddy (LCE) Poseidon (August 2016 to July 2017) in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and the formation of the Gulf Common Water (GCW) during its journey westward, was observed using glider data. Most of the dilution of the SUW high‐salinity core within Poseidon occurs during late autumn and winter associated with Northern winds and mixed‐layer deepening. The physical processes that contribute to salt dilution of the SUW inside the LCEs' core are investigated using a numerical regional model. The analysis of the salt budget in a long‐lasting numerical LCE and a composite analysis of sixteen LCEs reveal that the salinity trend is mostly explained by the vertical salinity diffusion. Cold and dry Northern winds during the first winter drive strong negative net heat fluxes that trigger turbulent flux of salt into the LCEs' thermostad and dilution of the SUW high‐salinity core below. The vertical salinity diffusion continues homogenizing the salinity in the upper ocean until the vertical gradient of salinity is negligible. As a result, SUW is transformed to precursor of GCW that is ultimately diffused to surrounding waters in the western GoM. Although the contribution of advection to the salinity trend above the isopycnal of 1,026 kg m−3 is of second order, below is the most important process driving loss of salinity, presumably due to, eddy‐eddy interactions during LCEs' westward propagation and eddy pumping (upwelling) during the LCEs' decaying phase along the western slope.
Podcast: Instruments of Unusual Size
Authors: Lipuma Lauren
Published: June 2020

Rumbling volcanoes act like giant musical instruments that researchers can study to better monitor eruptions.
“Now Is the Time” for Green Recovery, Scientists Say
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: June 2020

Otherwise, fossil fuel emissions will return to normal.
The Prevalence and Significance of Offset Magma Reservoirs at Arc Volcanoes
Authors: Lerner Allan H. , O'Hara Daniel , Karlstrom Leif , Ebmeier Susanna K. , Anderson Kyle R. , Hurwitz Shaul
Published: June 2020

Determining the spatial relations between volcanic edifices and their underlying magma storage zones is fundamental for characterizing long‐term evolution and short‐term unrest. We compile centroid locations of upper crustal magma reservoirs at 56 arc volcanoes inferred from seismic, magnetotelluric, and geodetic studies. We show that magma reservoirs are often horizontally offset from their associated volcanic edifices by multiple kilometers, and the degree of offset broadly scales with reservoir depth. Approximately 20% of inferred magma reservoir centroids occur outside of the overlying volcano's mean radius. Furthermore, reservoir offset is inversely correlated with edifice size. Taking edifice volume as a proxy for long‐term magmatic flux, we suggest that high flux or prolonged magmatism leads to more centralized magma storage beneath arc volcanoes by overprinting upper crustal heterogeneities that would otherwise affect magma ascent. Edifice volumes therefore reflect the spatial distribution of underlying magma storage, which could help guide monitoring strategies at volcanoes.
Emissions and exposures of graphene nanomaterials, titanium dioxide nanofibers, and nanoparticles during down-stream industrial handling
Authors: Lovén Karin , Franzén Sara M. , Isaxon Christina , Messing Maria E. , Martinsson Johan , Gudmundsson Anders , Pagels Joakim , Hedmer Maria ,   NanoLund, Lovén Karin , Franzén Sara M. , Isaxon Christina , Messing Maria E. , Gudmundsson Anders , Pagels Joakim , Hedmer Maria
Published: June 2020

Today, engineered nanomaterials are frequently used. Nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been extensively used for many years and graphene is one type of emerging nanomaterial. Occupational airborne exposures to engineered nanomaterials are important to ensure safe workplaces and to extend the information needed for complete risk assessments. The main aim of this study was to characterize workplace emissions and exposure of graphene nanoplatelets, graphene oxide, TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) and nanoparticles (NPs) during down-stream industrial handling. Surface contaminations were also investigated to assess the potential for secondary inhalation exposures. In addition, a range of different sampling and aerosol monitoring methods were used and evaluated. The results showed that powder handling, regardless of handling graphene nanoplatelets, graphene oxide, TiO2 NFs, or NPs, contributes to the highest particle emissions and exposures. However, the exposure levels were below suggested occupational exposure limits. It was also shown that a range of different methods can be used to selectively detect and quantify nanomaterials both in the air and as surface contaminations. However, to be able to make an accurate determination of which nanomaterial that has been emitted a combination of different methods, both offline and online, must be used.
The deubiquitylase UCHL3 maintains cancer stem-like properties by stabilizing the aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Authors: Ouyang Lianlian , Yan Bin , Liu Yating , Mao Chao , Wang Min , Liu Na , Wang Zuli , Liu Shouping , Shi Ying , Chen Ling , Wang Xiang , Cheng Yan , Cao Ya , Xiao Desheng , Zhang Lingqiang , Liu Shuang , Tao Yongguang
Published: June 2020

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit highly aggressive and metastatic features and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression varies among non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), and the mechanisms that support abnormal AhR expression in CSCs remain elusive. Here, we identified ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L3 (UCHL3), a DUB enzyme in the UCH protease family, as a bona fide deubiquitylase of the AhR in NSCLC. UCHL3 was shown to interact with, deubiquitylate, and stabilize AhR in a manner dependent on its deubiquitylation activity. Moreover, we showed that UCHL3 promotes the stem-like characteristics and potent tumorigenic capacity of NSCLC cells. UCHL3 increased AhR stability and the binding of AhR to the promoter regions of the “stemness” genes ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), KLF4, and c-Myc. Depletion of UCHL3 markedly downregulated the “stemness” genes ABCG2, KLF4, and c-Myc, leading to the loss of self-renewal and tumorigenesis in NSCLCs. Furthermore, the UCHL3 inhibitor TCID induced AhR degradation and exhibited significantly attenuated efficacy in NSCLC cells with stem cell-like properties. Additionally, UCHL3 was shown to indicate poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. In general, our results reveal that the UCHL3 deubiquitylase is pivotal for AhR protein stability and a potential target for NSCLC-targeted therapy.
MicroRNA-17-5p regulates EMT by targeting vimentin in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kim Tae Won , Lee Yeo Song , Yun Nak Hyeon , Shin Chang Hoon , Hong Hye Kyung , Kim Hyeon Ho , Cho Yong Beom
Published: June 2020

Background

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the most common cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated the functional roles of miRNA-17-5p in EMT of CRC cells.

Methods

In order to determine if miRNA-17-5p regulated EMT, the precursors and inhibitors of miR-17-5p were transduced into four CRC cells. To evaluate the regulatory mechanism, we performed argonaute 2 (Ago2) immunoprecipitation (IP) and luciferase assay. In addition, we used an intra-splenic injection mouse model of BALB/c nude mice to investigate the metastatic potential of miRNA-17-5p in vivo.

Results

The miRNA-17-5p expression was lower in primary CRC tissues with metastasis than in primary CRC tissues without metastasis in our RNA sequencing data of patient tissue. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that miRNA-17-5p was inversely correlated with that of vimentin in five CRC cell lines. Over-expression of miRNA-17-5p decreased vimentin expression and inhibited cell migration and invasion in both LoVo and HT29 cells. However, inhibition of miRNA-17-5p showed the opposite effect. Ago2 IP and luciferase assay revealed that miRNA-17-5p directly bound to the 3′UTR of VIM mRNA. Furthermore, miRNA-17-5p inhibited the metastasis of CRC into liver in vivo.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that miRNA-17-5p regulates vimentin expression, thereby regulating metastasis of CRC.
Intratumoral immune activation with TLR4 agonist synergizes with effector T cells to eradicate established murine tumors
Authors: Albershardt Tina C. , Leleux Jardin , Parsons Andrea J. , Krull Jordan E. , Berglund Peter , ter Meulen Jan
Published: June 2020

Effective T cell-based immunotherapy of solid malignancies requires intratumoral activity of cytotoxic T cells and induction of protective immune memory. A major obstacle to intratumoral trafficking and activation of vaccine-primed or adoptively transferred tumor-specific T cells is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which currently limits the efficacy of both anti-tumor vaccines and adoptive cell therapy (ACT). Combination treatments to overcome TME-mediated immunosuppression are therefore urgently needed. We combined intratumoral administration of the synthetic toll-like receptor 4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid A (oil-in-water formulation, G100) with either active vaccination or adoptive transfer of tumor-specific CD8 T cells to mice bearing established melanomas or orthotopically inoculated glioblastomas. In combination with cancer vaccines or ACT, G100 significantly increased expression of innate immune genes, infiltration and expansion of activated effector T cells, antigen spreading, and durable immune responses. Complete tumor regression of both injected and non-injected tumors was observed only in mice receiving combination immunotherapy. TLR4-based intratumoral immune activation may be a viable approach to enhance the efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines and ACT in patients.
Drop-on-demand cell bioprinting via Laser Induced Side Transfer (LIST)
Authors: Ebrahimi Orimi Hamid , Hosseini Kolkooh Sayadeh Sara , Hooker Erika , Narayanswamy Sivakumar , Larrivée Bruno , Boutopoulos Christos
Published: June 2020

We introduced and validated a drop-on-demand method to print cells. The method uses low energy nanosecond laser (wavelength: 532 nm) pulses to generate a transient microbubble at the distal end of a glass microcapillary supplied with bio-ink. Microbubble expansion results in the ejection of a cell-containing micro-jet perpendicular to the irradiation axis, a method we coined Laser Induced Side Transfer (LIST). We show that the size of the deposited bio-ink droplets can be adjusted between 165 and 325 µm by varying the laser energy. We studied the corresponding jet ejection dynamics and determined optimal conditions for satellite droplet-free bioprinting. We demonstrated droplet bio-printing up to a 30 Hz repetition rate, corresponding to the maximum repetition rate of the used laser. Jet ejection dynamics indicate that LIST can potentially reach 2.5 kHz. Finally, we show that LIST-printed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) present negligible loss of viability and maintain their abilities to migrate, proliferate and form intercellular junctions. Sample preparation is uncomplicated in LIST, while with further development bio-ink multiplexing can be attained. LIST could be widely adapted for applications requiring multiscale bioprinting capabilities, such as the development of 3D drug screening models and artificial tissues.
Identification and expression of DoCCaMK during Sebacina sp. symbiosis of Dendrobium officinale
Authors: Xing Yong-Mei , Zhao Ming-Ming , Guo Li-Cheng , Li Bing , Chen Juan , Guo Shun-Xing
Published: June 2020

Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a famous precious medicinal plant in China. Seed and seedling were cultivated with the mycorrhizal fungus Sebacina sp. CCaMK was initially cloned from D. officinale based on a SSH cDNA library of symbiotically germinated seeds with Sebacina sp. Phylogenetic analysis was performed among DoCCaMK and other CCaMKs. The particle bombardment technique was used to visualize DoCCaMK-GFP. qRT-PCR and western blot analysis were conducted to determine the tissue expression patterns of DoCCaMK with (SGS) and without (UGS) Sebacina sp. Furthermore, the effect of KN-93 on CCaMK expression was also examined. Using NMT the net Ca2+ fluxes and the CCaMK concentration were measured during D. officinale seed germination. DoCCaMK had the highest homology with Lilium longiflorum CCaMK. The DoCCaMK-GFP protein localized in the nucleus and cell membrane. CCaMK expression was significantly upregulated after symbiosis with Sebacina sp. KN-93 could be used as an inhibitor of CCaMK to inhibit D. officinale seed germination. Ca2+ influx and the concentration of the CCaMK in the SGS group was significantly more than that of the UGS group. The characterization of CCaMK provides certain genetic evidence for the involvement of this gene during seed germination and mycorrhizal cultivation in D. officinale.
Waiting-time statistics in magnetic systems
Authors: de Sousa Ivandson Praeiro , dos Santos Lima Gustavo Zampier , Correa Marcio Assolin , Sommer Rubem Luis , Corso Gilberto , Bohn Felipe
Published: June 2020

Many complex systems, from earthquakes and financial markets to Barkhausen effect in ferromagnetic materials, respond with a noise consisting of discrete avalanche-like events with broad range of sizes and durations, separated by waiting times. Here we focus on the waiting-time statistics in magnetic systems. By investigating the Barkhausen noise in amorphous and polycrystalline ferromagnetic films having different thicknesses, we uncover the form of the waiting-time distribution in time series recorded from the irregular and irreversible motion of magnetic domain walls. Further, we address the question of if the waiting-time distribution evolves with the threshold level, as well as with the film thickness and structural character of the materials. Our results, besides informing on the temporal avalanche correlations, disclose the waiting-time statistics in magnetic systems also bring fingerprints of the universality classes of Barkhausen avalanches and a dimensional crossover in the domain wall dynamics.
Author Correction: A millennium-long reconstruction of damaging hydrological events across Italy
Authors: Diodato Nazzareno , Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier , Bellocchi Gianni
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: RNA cargos in extracellular vesicles derived from blood serum in pancreas associated conditions
Authors: Kumar Senthil R. , Kimchi Eric T. , Manjunath Yariswamy , Gajagowni Saivaroon , Stuckel Alexei J. , Kaifi Jussuf T.
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Direct enantioselective allylic substitution of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives with branched allylic alcohols via iridium catalysis
Authors: Xu Ruigang , Li Kai , Wang Jiaqi , Lu Jiamin , Pan Lina , Zeng Xiaofei , Zhong Guofu
Published: June 2020

An iridium catalysed direct asymmetric allylic substitution reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives with allylic alcohols with remarkably high yields and excellent enantioselectivities was realized.