bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and safety of nintedanib in prevention of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in malignant ovarian germ cell tumour: study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Li Sijian , Zhang Xinyue , Yin Min , Zhang Tianyu , Zhang Rundong , Yang Jie , Yang Jiaxin
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Bleomycin is a crucial and irreplaceable chemotherapy regimen for malignant ovarian germ cell tumours (MOGCTs) but its toxicities especially pulmonary fibrosis have limited the dose of treatment efficacy and decreased the patients’ quality of life (QoL). Nintedanib has been approved for treating progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases and has shown potential anti-tumour effects. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nintedanib in the prevention of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in MOGCTs patients.

Methods and analysis

This is a multicentre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. We will enrol a total of 128 patients who will be randomly assigned to the nintedanib group and placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. Standard bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy will be given to each MOGCT patient. In addition, patients assigned to nintedanib and the control group will be given oral nintedanib 150 mg two times per day and placebo one tablet two times per day until 1 month after the last cycle of bleomycin therapy, respectively. The primary outcome is the decline of forced vital capacity (FVC). The secondary outcomes are the decline of other pulmonary function indices (forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC pred%, carbon monoxide diffusion capacity) and the patients’ QoL, oncological and fertility outcomes. We will use electronic case report forms to record all the participants’ data and SPSS V.27.0/STATA V.16.0/Graphpad Prism V.8.0 to conduct statistical analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

The Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital has approved the study (I-23PJ400). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants/guardians. Study results will be submitted to peer-reviewed medical journals for publication and presented at academic conferences.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2300070492.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of probiotic peanut oral immunotherapy (PPOIT) versus placebo in Australian children with peanut allergy alongside a randomised trial
Authors: Huang Li , Dalziel Kim , Lloyd Melanie , Loke Paxton , Lozinsky Adriana C , Tang Mimi
Published: December 2023

Objective

To compared the cost-effectiveness of coadministration of a probiotic adjuvant with peanut oral immunotherapy (PPOIT) with placebo (no treatment) in children with peanut allergy.

Design

Prospectively planned cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a randomised control trial.

Setting

The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

Participants

56 children with peanut allergy aged 1–10 years at recruitment.

Intervention

A daily dose of probioticLactobacillus rhamnosusCGMCC 1.3724 (NCC4007) and peanut oral immunotherapy administered for 1.5 years.

Main outcomes measures

Costs were considered from a healthcare system perspective and included costs of treatment delivery and adverse events. Effectiveness outcomes included rate of sustained unresponsiveness (SU) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The cost-effectiveness of PPOIT versus placebo was analysed using patient-level data. Time horizon was 10 years from commencement of PPOIT treatment, comprising 1.5 years of treatment (actual data), 4 years of post-treatment follow-up (actual data), and 4.5 years of extrapolation thereafter (modelling).

Results

Healthcare cost per patient over 10 years was higher for PPOIT compared with placebo ($A9355 vs $A1031, p<0.001). Over half of the per patient healthcare cost (53%) in the PPOIT group was attributable to treatment delivery, while the remaining cost was attributable to adverse events. Both measures of effectiveness were superior in the PPOIT group: the average SU rate over 10 years was 54% for PPOIT versus 6% for placebo (p<0.001); QALYs over 10 years were 9.05 for PPOIT versus 8.63 for placebo (p<0.001). Overall, cost per year of SU achieved was $A1694 (range $A1678, $A1709) for PPOIT compared with placebo, and cost per additional QALY gained was $A19 386 (range $A19 024, $A19 774).

Conclusions

Cost per QALY gained using PPOIT compared with no treatment is approximately $A20 000 (£10 000) and is well below the conventional value judgement threshold of $A50 000 (£25 000) per QALY gained, thus deemed good value for money ($A1= £0.5 approximately).

Trial registration number

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12608000594325; Post-results.
Perspectives of HPV vaccination among young adults: a qualitative systematic review and evidence synthesis protocol
Authors: Mantina Namoonga M , Nakayima Miiro Flavia , Smith Jonathan , McClelland Deborah Jean , Magrath Priscilla Anne , Madhivanan Purnima
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of nearly all cervical cancers. Despite the proven safety and efficacy of HPV vaccines in preventing HPV-related cancers, the global vaccine coverage rate is estimated to only be 15%. HPV vaccine coverage rates are more actively tracked and reported for adolescents 17 years and younger but there is still a critical window of opportunity to intervene and promote HPV vaccination among young adults aged 18–26 years who are still eligible to be vaccinated. This protocol for a qualitative evidence synthesis aims to review perspectives of HPV vaccination among young adults (18–26 years) and identify facilitators and barriers that influence HPV vaccination uptake and decision-making.

Methods and analysis

Seven databases will be searched from 1 January 2006 to the date of final search. For inclusion, studies must report HPV vaccination perspectives of young adults aged 18–26 years and use qualitative study methods or analysis techniques. Studies will be screened in a two-stage process guided by the eligibility criteria. Final included studies will be evaluated for methodological strengths and limitations using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme quality assessment tool for qualitative studies. After data extraction, framework analysis will be used to analyse the data applying the socioecological model. Finally, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation - Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research will be applied to evaluate the confidence in synthesised qualitative findings. The methodology of this review follows the Cochrane Handbook guidelines on qualitative evidence syntheses.

Ethics and dissemination

Formal ethical approval is not required for this study. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and professional networks.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023417052.
Finnish Retirement and Aging Study: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Stenholm Sari , Suorsa Kristin , Leskinen Tuija , Myllyntausta Saana , Pulakka Anna , Pentti Jaana , Vahtera Jussi
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The Finnish Retirement and Aging (FIREA) Study was set up to study changes in health behavioural and cardiometabolic risk factors across retirement transition, and to examine the long-term consequences of work and retirement on health and functioning with advancing age.

Participants

Public sector workers whose estimated statutory retirement date was in 2014–2019 were invited to participate by sending them a questionnaire 18 months prior to their estimated retirement date. In the first phase of the FIREA Study, participants were followed up with annual surveys, accelerometer and clinical measurements during retirement transition into post-retirement years. The FIREA survey cohort includes 6783 participants, of which 908 belong also to the activity substudy and 290 to the clinical substudy.

Findings to date

Collected data include survey measures about health, lifestyle factors, psychosocial distress, work-related factors as well as retirement intentions. Accelerometer and GPS devices are used to measure 24-hour movement behaviours. Clinical examination includes blood and hair sample, measurements of anthropometry, cardiovascular function, physical fitness, physical and cognitive function. Our results suggest that in general retirement transition seems to have beneficial influence on health behaviours as well as on physical and mental health, but there are large individual differences, and certain behaviours such as sedentariness tend to increase especially among those retiring from manual occupations.

Future plans

The second phase of the FIREA Study will be conducted during 2023–2025, when participants are 70 years old. The FIREA Study welcomes research collaboration proposals that fall within the general aims of the project.
Mapping Oral health and Local Area Resources (MOLAR): protocol for a randomised controlled trial connecting emergency department patients with social and dental resources
Authors: Simon Lisa , Marsh Regan , Sanchez Leon D , Camargo Carlos , Donoff Bruce , Cardenas Vanessa , Manning William , Loo Stephanie , Cash Rebecca E , Samuels-Kalow Margaret E
Published: December 2023

Introduction

There are substantial inequities in oral health access and outcomes in the USA, including by income and racial and ethnic identity. People with adverse social determinants of health (aSDoH), such as housing or food insecurity, are also more likely to have unmet dental needs. Many patients with dental problems present to the emergency department (ED), where minimal dental care or referral is usually available. Nonetheless, the ED represents an important point of contact to facilitate screening and referral for unmet oral health needs and aSDoH, particularly for patients who may not otherwise have access to care.

Methods and analysis

Mapping Oral health and Local Area Resources is a randomised controlled trial enrolling 2049 adult and paediatric ED patients with unmet oral health needs into one of three trial arms: (a) a standard handout of nearby dental and aSDoH resources; (b) a geographically matched listing of aSDoH resources and a search link for identification of geographically matched dental resources; or (c) geographically matched resources along with personalised care navigation. Follow-up at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months will evaluate oral health-related quality of life, linkage to resources and dental treatment, ED visits for dental problems and the association between linkage and neighbourhood resource density.

Ethics and dissemination

All sites share a single human subjects review board protocol which has been fully approved by the Mass General Brigham Human Subjects Review Board. Informed consent will be obtained from all adults and adult caregivers, and assent will be obtained from age-appropriate child participants. Results will demonstrate the impact of addressing aSDoH on oral health access and the efficacy of various forms of resource navigation compared with enhanced standard care. Our findings will facilitate sustainable, scalable interventions to identify and address aSDoH in the ED to improve oral health and reduce oral health inequities.

Trial registration number

NCT05688982.
Validation of maternal recall of number of antenatal care visits attended in rural Southern Nepal: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Xie Xinyu , Munos Melinda K , Lama Tsering P , Bryce Emily , Khatry Subarna K , LeClerq Steven C , Katz Joanne
Published: December 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the validity of maternal recall of total number of antenatal care (ANC) visits during pregnancy and factors associated with the accuracy of maternal recall.

Design

This was a longitudinal cohort study conducted from December 2018 through November 2020.

Setting

Five government health posts in the Sarlahi district of Southern Nepal.

Participants

402 pregnant women between ages 15 and 49 who presented for their first ANC visit at the study health posts.

Main outcomes

The observed number of ANC visits (gold standard) and the reported number of ANC visits at the postpartum interview (maternal recall).

Results

On average, women in the study who had a live birth attended 4.7 ANC visits. About 65% of them attended four or more ANC visits during pregnancy as recommended by the Nepal government, and 38.3% of maternal report matched the categorical ANC visits as observed by the gold standard. The individual validity was poor to moderate, with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) being 0.69 (95% CI: 0.65 to 0.74) in the 1–3 visits group. Population-level bias (as distinct from individual-level bias) was observed in the 1–3 visits and 4 visits groups, where 1–3 visits were under-reported (inflation factor (IF): 0.69) and 4 ANC visits were highly over-reported (IF: 2.12). The binary indicator ANC4+ (1–3 visits vs 4+ visits) showed better population-level validity (AUC: 0.69; IF: 1.17) compared with the categorical indicators (1–3 visits, 4 visits, 5–6 visits and more than 6 visits). Report accuracy was not associated with maternal characteristics but was related to ANC frequency. Women who attended more ANC visits were less likely to correctly report their total number of visits.

Conclusion

Maternal report of number of ANC visits during pregnancy may not be a valid indicator for measuring ANC coverage. Improvements are needed to measure the frequency of ANC visits.
Multimodality local consolidative treatment versus conventional care of advanced lung cancer after first-line systemic anti-cancer treatment: study protocol for the RAMON multicentre randomised controlled trial with an internal pilot
Authors: Beard Chloe , Rogers Chris A , Fleming Leah , Conibear John , Evison Matthew , Newsom-Davis Thomas , Barwick Tara , Mills Nicola , Stokes Elizabeth A , De Sousa Paulo , Batchelor Tim , Rawlinson Janette , Baos Sarah , Harris Rosie , Lim Eric
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide and most patients present with extensive disease. One-year survival is improving but remains low (37%) despite novel systemic anti-cancer treatments forming the current standard of care. Although new therapies improve survival, most patients have residual disease after treatment, and little is known on how best to manage it. Therefore, residual disease management varies across the UK, with some patients receiving only maintenance systemic anti-cancer treatment while others receive local consolidative treatment (LCT), alongside maintenance systemic anti-cancer treatment. LCT can be a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and/or ablation to remove all remaining cancer within the lung and throughout the body. This is intensive, expensive and impacts quality of life, but we do not know if it results in better survival, nor the extent of impact on quality of life and what the cost might be for healthcare providers. The RAMON study (RAdical Management Of Advanced Non-small cell lung cancer) will evaluate the acceptability, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of LCT versus no LCT after first-line systemic treatment for advanced lung cancer.

Methods and analysis

RAMON is a pragmatic open multicentre, parallel group, superiority randomised controlled trial. We aim to recruit 244 patients aged 18 years and over with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer from 40 UK NHS hospitals. Participants will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive LCT alongside maintenance treatment, or maintenance treatment alone. LCT will be tailored to each patient’s specific disease sites. Participants will be followed up for a minimum of 2 years. The primary outcome is overall survival from randomisation.

Ethics and dissemination

The West of Scotland Research Ethics Committee (22/WS/0121) gave ethical approval in August 2022 and the Health Research Authority in September 2022. Participants will provide written informed consent before participating in the study. Findings will be presented at international meetings, in peer-reviewed publications, through patient organisations and notifications to patients.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN11613852.
Evaluation of High-Temperature Recrosslinkable Preformed Particle Gel for Fluid Loss Control during Drilling
Authors: Bai Baojun , Ahdaya Mohamed , Al Brahim Ali , Song Tao , Eriyagama Yugandhara
Published: December 2023

Lost circulation has become one of the biggest challenges that drilling engineering faces during drilling, especially at high-temperature reservoirs. The consequences of lost circulation can vary from an economic aspect as well as a safety aspect. In this paper, the capability of a novel high-temperature recrosslinkable preformed particle gel (HT-RPPG) is evaluated to see whether it can be better used to control severe and total losses. The HT-RPPG is injected in the form of dispersed swellable gel particles, but it can self-crosslink to form a strong bulk gel after being placed in target zones. The sealing pressure and plugging efficiency of the HT-RPPG were evaluated utilizing a core flooding test. Various impacting factors were investigated, including the swelling ratios, fracture widths, and bentonite concentrations. Results indicated that HT-RPPG is an excellent material that can be used to control the severe loss of drilling fluids in fractured reservoirs with temperatures up to 130°C. The recrosslinked RPPG could withstand pressure up to 1,077 psi/ft for fractures up to 2 mm, and permeability was reduced more than 107 times.
Managing Sustainable Working Hours within Participatory Working Time Scheduling for Nurses and Assistant Nurses: A Qualitative Interview Study with Managers and Staffing Assistants
Authors: Epstein Majken , Arakelian Erebouni , Tucker Philip , Dahlgren Anna
Published: December 2023

Aim. To bring insights into how healthcare managers and staffing assistants work to achieve sustainable working hours within a participatory scheduling system. Background. Hospital nurses and assistant nurses often work on rotating shifts, which affects their opportunities for sleep, recovery, and work-life balance. In Sweden, a participatory scheduling approach is commonly used, where working hours are planned in collaboration between employees, managers, and staffing assistants. Influence over working hours is related to positive outcomes among shift workers. However, it also places responsibility on the employee to schedule working hours that promote health and patient safety, i.e., sustainable working hours. Accordingly, the organisation has responsibilities to support the employee in this regard. Methods. Semistructured individual interviews were conducted with 11 managers and 9 staffing assistants from four Swedish regions and analysed using thematic analysis. Results. Several key factors for achieving sustainable working hours within the context of participatory scheduling were described: distribution and clarity of responsibilities, allocating time for scheduling, establishing shared responsibility, considering fairness, fostering an individual relationship with the employee, managing dissatisfaction, providing support, clarifying guidelines for sustainable scheduling, managing inconsistencies between employee requests and sustainable working hours, and considering recovery opportunities and the competence mix on shifts. Additionally, contextual factors, such as staffing levels, working procedures, working time arrangements for night work, and technological support, were highlighted as important. Conclusion. Achieving sustainable working hours within participatory scheduling involves considering the interactions between factors at the levels of the organisation, the individual, and the technological systems. Implication for Nursing Management. Nurse managers and staffing assistants must work closely with their employees during participatory scheduling to ensure sustainable working hours. Key goals in this regard include establishing a shared responsibility, clarifying responsibilities and guidelines for sustainable scheduling, and allocating time for the scheduling process.
Influence of temperature on power factor and operating area of SynRM machine in automotive equipment
Authors: Rasid Mohd Azri Hizami , Lanfranchi Vincent , Ospina Alejandro , Benkara Khadija
Published: December 2023

Across various applications, electrical machines are intensely replacing conventional hydraulic and pneumatic actuators in applications with a higher degree of complexity. In our previous study, a SynRM machine with a segmented rotor was designed to operate as a clutch actuator, to be placed in the gear housing which suffers from a high ambient temperature. This makes it necessary to predict the considerable potential influence of temperatures. This study evaluates the influence of winding resistance variation due to temperature on the machine power factor and its operating area. The evaluation is done for the condition of the automotive battery supply of 14 V, 50 A. An experimentally validated analytical model based on the SynRM machine phasor diagram was used to assess the torque-speed area and power factor variation. The main contribution is presented in the form of a tool represented as an abacus that allows the user of the machine to track the power factor and maximum speed for a range of winding resistance values. On a selected operating point of (Γ, N) = (0.57 N.m, 3500 rpm), it is demonstrated that the winding resistance should be reduced below 0.2 Ω, to be able to achieve the targeted speed, while the power factor is at 0.9.
A simple approach for the computation of magnetic characteristics of 4-phase switched reluctance motor
Authors: Hadapad Basavaraju S. , Naik Raghuram L.
Published: December 2023

Switched reluctance motor (SRM) is non-linear in nature due to non-uniform air gap between stator and rotor that is produced from doubly salient poles. To control the operation of non-linear motor, a precise modelling of magnetic characteristic is essential. Traditionally magnetic equivalent circuit, finite element method (FEM) and experimental approaches have been used to derive magnetic characteristics of SRM. These methods involve complex computational steps and numerous assumptions for its calculations. To avoid this complexity, a simple approach is suggested in this paper to compute magnetic characteristics of 4-phase SRM. In this approach, SRM phase inductance is measured directly to identify the location of rotor with respect to stator from unaligned to aligned position. Then, single phase of SRM is excited through asymmetric converter and voltage and currents of corresponding phase is recorded with rotor being blocked using indexing head. Later recorded values are used to compute the magnetic characteristics from unaligned to aligned position. The proposed method is carried out using field programmable gate array (FPGA) controlled 8/6, 4-phase SRM. Further, accuracy of obtained magnetic characteristic is verified using FEM. In addition, fidelity of the magnetic characteristic is also validated by developing a dynamic model of SRM in MATLAB/Simulink
Modified switching control of SRM drives for electric vehicles application with torque ripple reduction
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Sreeram , Panikkar Preetha Parakkat Kesava
Published: December 2023

The switched reluctance motor (SRM) offers extensive prospects, particularly within the realm of electric vehicles (EVs). Its robust construction, wide speed range, high torque density, and efficiency provide significant advantages that surpass other motors. Nonetheless, controlling these motors is more intricate when compared to conventional DC brushed or AC motors. This complexity arises due to the non-linear inductance characteristics of SRMs, resulting in undesirable effects like torque ripple, vibrations, and noise. Using the conventional full-bridge inverter, three switching approaches are highlighted for various operating modes of an EV. This aims to reduce costs and the number of switching pulses, leading to a more compact system, elimination of dead time, and switching losses. The MATLAB/Simulink platform was utilized to examine the operational effectiveness of a three-phase 6/4 poles SRM drive. Additionally, this paper focuses on mitigating torque ripple concerns by employing an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controller that has better efficiency and superior responses compared to conventional controllers such as fuzzy logic control (FLC) and proportional integral (PI) control. The results of the simulation encourage the practical implementation of the system, which is the next step in the author’s research.
Performance analysis and effect of pandemic condition on utility grid connected PV system
Authors: Battula Veera Vasantha  Rao , Krishnarao Padmavathi
Published: December 2023

In this research paper effect of pandemic and performance analysis of the utility grid connected PV system under net metering is evaluated for one years based on PV plant generation data. The performance of the system depends on annual average final yield, reference yield, and array yield and their values are 3.87 kWh kWp-1. d-1, 4.57 kWh kWp-1. d-1, and 4.29 7kWh kWp-1d-1 the performance ratio and capacity utilization factor are 77.48% and 15.68%. Due to pandemic campus energy consumption is less so energy export to grid is more than the energy import from grid. As per the state energy policy minimum billing is done even the export units are more than the imported units which result in increase in return on investment (ROI) compared to post pandemic. The above statistics illustrate the quite strong performance of solar power plants built in the Indian state of the Andhra Pradesh, Guntur.
A flexible islanding identification technique for PV based grid-tied systems
Authors: Sarojam Praveen Raj Rajaswamy , Savier Joseph Sarojini
Published: December 2023

The phenomenon of islanding, which occurs in grid integrated distributed generators (DGs), poses significant challenges and potential risks for customers, utility providers, and operational personnel. Detecting islanding quickly and accurately is crucial. The issues related to the conventional islanding methods paved the way in developing a hybrid islanding identification scheme. The developed method achieves accurate results within a reduced time span of 30 ms. The hybrid technique combines the passive method of sliding window based moving average (SWMA) for faster detection and the active method of asymmetrical bilateral reactive power perturbation (ABRPP) for improved precision. The developed hybrid method is simulated and tested using MATLAB/Simulink 2023a. It undergoes testing under various load conditions, including small and large power mismatches between DG generation and local load demand, as well as different load quality factors (QF). Additionally, the hybrid algorithm demonstrates no nuisance tripping when subjected to different load switching conditions such as capacitor switching, motor load switching, and nonlinear load switching. A comparison with existing islanding detection methods confirms the accuracy and speed of the proposed method in identifying islanding conditions.
Implementation of fuzzy logic MPPT based on Arduino in small scale PV pumping system
Authors: Mohamed Laaouad , Aicha Guergazi
Published: December 2023

The performance of photovoltaic (PV) affected directly by climatic changes, The controller maintain maximum potential energy conversation to operate the pimping system at nominal conditions, fuzzy logic intelligent controllers are successfully suitable and applicable in engineering and applied science. The aim of this paper is present an experimental approach in Implementation of fuzzy logic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with boost converter based on Arduino Mega micro-controller to maximize energy production in different weather condition applied to small scale pumping system for water and chemical fluid analyses in isolated area. The system is supplied by 20 (W) solar photovoltaic (PV) panel. This paper present a real-time MATLAB/Simulink fuzzy logic method controlling and monitoring MPPT application using an low cost Arduino Mega micro-controller combined with (LV25, LP55) sensors controlling boost converter interconnected with solar panel and plastic pump.
Experimental investigation of batteries thermal management system using water cooling and thermoelectric cooling techniques
Authors: Panmuang Piyapat , Photong Chonlatee , Soemphol Chaiyong
Published: December 2023

The booming electric vehicle industry seeks fast charging solutions to address the safety risks posed by high-power charging, including thermal runaway and other safety issues. This study investigates the impact of combining liquid with thermoelectric cooling on battery thermal management. A series of experiments were conducted using various thermal batteries, liquid flow rates and batteries temperature thermoelectric. The experimental results compared air cooling (AC), water cooling (WC), and thermoelectric cooling (TEC) with different water flow (WF) rate in system and revealed that TEC with WF at 4.0 l/min was the best cooling system. This system can decrease the temperature by about 41-52% from the maximum temperature at discharge rates of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 °C. However, TEC with WF 1.0 and 2.0 l/min can effectively lower the temperature and reduce energy consumption compared to other cooling systems, while still maintaining the battery temperature within appropriate ranges.
Performance improvement of a standalone PV system using supercapacitors: modeling and energy management
Authors: Hassan Mohamed Salah , Hassan Shimaa , Hassan Mohamed Reda Mahmoud , El-Sayed Abou-Hashema Mostafa , Shoyama Masahito , Dousoky Gamal Mahmoud
Published: December 2023

Standalone photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most common and practical application in remote areas and communities far from the power grid. However, in the case of supplying a pulsating load with only a battery as a storage unit, their performance degraded. Therefore, hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) systems represent a viable solution. This paper investigates the impact of utilizing a supercapacitor (SC) to work cooperatively with a battery storage unit to enhance the overall system behavior. Two scenarios of battery storage systems with/without SC are considered. A comprehensive modeling and sizing approach is established and presented in detail. Then, an energy management system (EMS) is proposed to enhance the HEES system’s performance. A proportional-integral (PI)-based controller is designed and examined to control the power electronic converters and hence improve energy management. The HEES system operation is simulated and evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink to feed a pulsating load, where the drawn pulsated load current is composed of two components: one component is supplied by battery, and the other component is fed from SC. Finally, the performance of the two hybrid configurations is evaluated in terms of battery voltage and current fluctuations, transient response, and load voltage and current ripples. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of introducing SCs into HEES system.
Management strategy to mitigate voltage sags effects of a multi-motors system using ADALINE algorithm and cascade sliding mode control
Authors: Bensaid Mounir , Ba-Razzouk Abdellfattah , El Haroussi Mustapha
Published: December 2023

Multi-motor systems (MMS) find widespread use in various industrial applications, including plastic, paper, textiles, and steel rolling mills, where synchronized speeds are crucial for optimal operation. However, a significant limitation of these systems is their susceptibility to voltage sags, resulting in speed and synchronization loss, along with peak currents and torques during voltage recovery. This paper presents a comprehensive multi-motors management strategy aimed at attenuating the adverse effects of voltage sags. The proposed technique is based on principles that involve recovering the system’s kinetic energy and leveraging the current reversibility of the converters. The control scheme comprises two main strategies: an adaptive linear neuron or later adaptive linear element (ADALINE)-based voltage sag detection algorithm utilizing least mean square (LMS) adaptation for rapid convergence using artificial neural networks, and a control scheme incorporating sliding mode speed controllers and indirect rotor field-oriented control (IRFOC). Additionally, a logic-based strategy for voltage sag attenuation completes the control framework. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed strategy are demonstrated through simulation results obtained using MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowerSystems.
Active and reactive energy storage STATCOM distribution system power management
Authors: Albanna Enaam , Al-Karakchi Ahmed A. Abdullah , Al-Rifaie Alya H.
Published: December 2023

One of the critical factors influencing the overall development of modern power systems is the control of active and reactive power flows in distribution power systems. The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) with storage energy is a powerful device that can control active and reactive power flow in a distribution system. A simulation model of power management using STATCOM with energy storage is presented in this paper. A fuzzy logic controller is proposed to manage the powers. The simulation results demonstrate STATCOM's ability to manage the active and reactive power flow in a controlled distribution line, and thus the powers regulated between feeders, by utilizing storage energy.
A novel technique for torque ripple suppression in BLDC motor drive using switched capacitor based SEPIC converter
Authors: Saha Sunam , Chowdhury Debjyoti , Chattopadhyay Madhurima , Mukherjee Moumita
Published: December 2023

This article reports a strategy for suppressing commutation torque ripple has been proposed by modifying a SEPIC converter using switched capacitor. The torque ripple generated during the commutation period is one of the main disadvantages of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The cause for the torque ripple in brushless DC motor has been mathematically analyzed in this work. Henceforth, a modified switched-capacitor based DC-DC converter has been proposed for integration with BLDC drive. Moreover, a theoretical analysis of the relationship has been established between the duty ratio of the DC-DC converter with commutation time and torque ripple. A low cost and simple method to control the dc link voltage of BLDC drive has been proposed and a comparative analysis of the proposed converter with previously existing similar converters has been shown. This work aims at reducing ripple in electromagnetic torque of BLDC motor from the view point of duty ratio of the DC-DC converter and commutation time of the drive. The feasibility of the drive has been evaluated experimentally and through simulation. It has been observed that the integration of the proposed converter with BLDC drive help in torque ripple suppression to 16.5% as compared to BLDC drive without any DC-DC converter.
New combined control strategy of on-board bidirectional battery chargers for electric vehicles
Authors: Hadji Khadidja , Hartani Kada , Chikouche Tarik Mohammed
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to develop a bidirectional on-board battery charger for electric vehicles (EVs). The studied battery charger is composed of a bidirectional ac-dc converter as the first stage of conversion and a bidirectional dc-dc converter as the second stage. The first one is controlled by a predictive direct power control strategy based on a space vector modulation technique known as P-SVM-DPC, and the second is used to regulate the battery current and regulate the power direction flow by using a direct current control technique. The choice of its topology has taken into consideration the grid-to-vehicles (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) power flow directions. During charging or discharging, the DC/DC converter acts likes a buck or boost converter. Using MATLAB/Simulink software, the performance of the battery charger is examined in various operating modes, such as fast charging and quick discharging.
CSA-based harmonic elimination controlled reduced switch multilevel inverter for standalone PV system
Authors: Sen Priyanka , Sahoo Ashwin Kumar , Jha Vandana
Published: December 2023

A standalone photovoltaic (PV) system has emerged as a clean energy solution for application in remote areas. To establish such a system a suitable converter is required for voltage boosting as well as to produce high-quality output as required by the load. To achieve this, multilevel inverters (MLIs) are the proven substitute in PV systems. A conventional MLI uses multiple sources and switches that increase the cost and complexity. To provide a complete stand-alone system solution that addresses this issue, reduced component switched capacitor (SC) based seven-level MLI is disclosed in this paper. A new crow search algorithm (CSA) based selective harmonic elimination (SHE) method is employed to estimate the switching angles. The dominant harmonic orders are removed from the 7-level SC-MLI output while the desired firing angles for the switches are evaluated. Using only seven switches, the circuit boosts the voltage to 1.5 times with the aid of self-balanced capacitors. Therefore, the circuit does not require an additional control circuit for voltage balancing. The overall system is designed in MATLAB/Simulink environment to test under different operating conditions. An experimental prototype of the 7-level SCMLI is also designed to validate the CSA-based SHE control and MLI performance in real time.
A non-invasive technique for monitoring supply voltage variation to single phase induction motor using doppler UWB radar signal analysis
Authors: Barusu Madhusudhana Reddy , Rani Nalubolu Geetha , Reddy Yeramareddy Venkata Siva , Reddy Gongati Pandu Ranga
Published: December 2023

The induction motors (IMs) are important components of various industries. The condition of IMs monitored continuously using contact and non-contact methods continuously. The contact methods are expensive, complex and difficult to implement. This paper proposes a non-contact method of fault identification in the single-phase induction motor operating in different conditions by analyzing doppler ultra-wide band (UWB) radar signal. The UWB radar generates a high frequency signal, which is transmitted on to the Induction motor form transmitter and software phase locked loop (SPLL) condition received signal from the receiver. The PLL implements as low pass filter, receives reflected signal from an induction motor along with high frequency noise. The received signal filtered to remove the high frequency noise and filtered output is analyzed to identify the different faults such as over voltage faults and under voltage faults when the motor is running with high, medium and low speed. The proposed non-invasive method has advantages compared to other such as the sensor’s sensitivity will not affect with motor temperature and accuracy will not change with position of the sensor and presence of other machines.
Dynamic evolution control for the DC/DC boost converter design and implementation
Authors: Samosir Ahmad Saudi , Sulistiyanti Sri Ratna , Gusmedi Herri , Mardiyah Luthfiyyatun
Published: December 2023

This paper introduces the design and hardware implementation of the dynamic evolution control for a DC/DC boost converter. The development of the controller aims to effectively regulate the output voltage of the DC/DC boost converter with a high degree of precision. A comprehensive examination of the duty cycle formula for the boost converter is conducted using a non-linear analysis approach. This study introduces a methodology for the synthesis of a converter controller utilizing the principles of dynamic evolution control theory. The converter's output consistently aligns with the target voltage by following the dynamic evolution path determined by the designed controller. The performance evaluation of the proposed boost converter controller utilizing dynamic evolution control is being validated through the utilization of MATLAB/Simulink simulation software. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is further validated through the presentation of hardware results. The performance of the controller was evaluated by varying the values of parameters k and m.
Review on various voltage stability issues in AC distribution network
Authors: Khidrani Attaullah , Larik Raja Masood , Memon Ahsanullah , Bajkani Irfan Ahmed , Qazi Sajid Hussain
Published: December 2023

With the rapidly depleting natural energy resources and increasing population worldwide, the calls for more energy demand have risen globally. In this vein, the world is transitioning from traditional to renewable energy sources (RES) to meet the required demands. However, the (RES), due to its variable nature, has voltage stability and power quality issues that need to get minimized to enhance the reliability of the (RES) system. This paper reviews the voltage stability and quality issues in the AC distribution system based on renewable energy sources (RES). Initially the renewable energy sources and problems associated with renewable energy sources are discussed. This article gives an overview of voltage control strategies based on local as well as communication-based phenomenon for distribution networks. In this review a hybrid solar photovoltaic and wind system is used to generate the power of 3-5 kW. A voltage controller topology is suggested using MATLAB/Simulink for enhancing voltage stability of the system. It is suggested that a voltage stability controller can be designed using recommended topology by using Arduino with pulse width modulation technique. Thus, by measuring and correcting real-time voltage instability values of the system, the system can be made more reliably secure, efficient, and stable than the previously proposed renewable AC distribution systems.
Modelling and implementation of a photovoltaic system through improved voltage control mechanism
Authors: Usmonov Shukurillo , Iqbal Atif , Saleem Adeel , Khosiljonovich Kholiddinov Ilkhombek , Odiljanovich Uzbekov Mirsoli , Ugli Eraliev Khojiakbar Abdinabi , Ugli Mamadaliev Musulmonkul Imomali
Published: December 2023

Renewable energy dependence is increasing daily due to the decaying of conventional energy sources. Another primary reason is the increment of pollution as well as global warming. Various alternate energy sources are being used to replace conventional ones. Among them, the prominent photovoltaic source provides clean and green energy. This research focuses on energy production through the photovoltaic source. The photovoltaic cells combination is used along with the boost converter to get the maximal power output. The maximum power point tracker was designed and implemented to obtain the optimal power from the photovoltaic cells, which do not provide the desired results. Therefore, the voltage control method is an alternative to the maximum power point tracker. Both methodologies compared at different intensities of solar light. The load is attached to the photovoltaic output to test its reliability and smooth performance. The system is designed using MATLAB simulation, and the desired results are obtained.
Optimum active power tracking based control of brushless doubly-fed reluctance generator tied to renewable microgrid
Authors: Parida Adikanda , Paul Manish
Published: December 2023

Among all the existing wind energy generators (WEG), a brushless doubly-fed reluctance generator (BDFRG) is the better option in terms of maintenance cost and constructional simplicity. For more adaptability, the efficiency of the BDFRG can be improved through proper control mechanisms. Therefore, this paper presents an optimum active power tracking-based control technique for BDFRG for minimum losses. Copper loss of the machine is considered to be the objective function for the proposed optimization technique. However, one issue found to be the major in all the existing controllers is the accuracy of sensor less control of the BDFRG. Therefore, this paper proposes an accurate model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based sensor less mechanism for computation of BDFRG secondary winding flux position. The no sensitivity of the proposed technique to the machine parameter variation and hence the accuracy, catch-on-fly, and non-inclusion of integrator and differentiators and hence less burden on the processor makes the proposed scheme robust. The control scheme is practically implemented with a 2.5 kW BDFRG using MATLAB/Simulink platform.
Early degradation factors of solar 33 kV grid connected power plant, a comparative study
Authors: Elhassene Issa Cheikh , El Heiba Bamba , Taha Mohammed Qasim , Mahmoud Teyeb Med , Aoulmi Zoubir , Youm Issakha , Mahmoud Abdelkader
Published: December 2023

This paper identifies and analyses early degradation mechanisms observed in photovoltaic (PV) modules of power plants over 7 years of operation on the coast power grid in Mauritania. Performance degradation takes place due to several reasons such as material degradation following dust accumulation, high temperature, and humidity. Also, mismatch of electric power parameters such as increasing loads above projected values of the plant. Therefore, this paper analyses and studies the degradation in four phases. First, the visual inspection detects the degradation of materials and defects such as the presence of dust, cracks, browning (discoloration), and connection corrosion. The second phase proposes a mathematical model to calculate the early degradation rate (DR) of different components, such as short circuit current (Isc), open circuit voltage (VOC), the maximum yield power (Pmax), and the fill factor (FF) of the PV module. The third phase is a MATLAB modeling of the measured real-time data of the operating PV system to test Power versus voltage curves (with and without degradation) to examine the presence of failure of PV modules. Finally, compare the evolution of real-time production data for three measured years (2015, 2016, and 2017) with the simulation curves of this study.
Radiated emission from DC bus loop of AC induction motor inverter FEM based and experimental evaluation
Authors: Kroics Kaspars , Marks Janis , Zarembo Jaroslavs
Published: December 2023

The paper describes practical method how to analyze locally radiated magnetic field to improve the geometry of printed circuit board (PCB) or busbar structure, select better control method and design electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter. Experimental prototype of three-phase induction motor variable frequency drive has been created and controlled by microcontroller with sinusoidal, namely pulse with modulation (PWM) method. Three-dimensional finite element model simulation of DC bus structure has been created and results has been obtained. Electromagnetic field was measured, practically and results compared with simulation-based ones. Simulation based and experimental results matches thus allowing to conclude method usefulness for cost effective way to test different geometries of DC bus, different modulation methods, EMI filters for variable frequency drive, and other power electronics converters.