bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A method to resolve the phase state of aerosol particles
Authors: Saukko E. , Kuuluvainen H. , Virtanen A.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The phase state of atmospheric aerosols has impact on their chemical aging and their deliquescence and thus their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The phase change of particles can be induced by the deliquescence or efflorescence of water or by chemical aging. Existing methods, such as tandem differential mobility analysis rely on the size change of particles related to the water uptake or release related to deliquescence and efflorescence. To address the need to study the phase change induced by mass-preserving and nearly mass-preserving processes a new method has been developed. The method relies on the physical impaction of particles on a smooth substrate and subsequent counting of bounced particles by condensation particle counter (CPC). The connection between the bounce probability and physical properties of particles is so far qualitative. To evaluate the performance of this method, the phase state of ammonium sulfate and levoglucosan, crystalline and amorphous solid, in the presence of water vapor was studied. The results show a marked difference in particle bouncing properties between substances – not only at the critical relative humidity level, but also on the slope of the bouncing probability with respect to humidity. This suggests that the method can be used to differentiate between amorphous and crystalline substances as well as to differentiate between liquid and solid phases.
Vascular Access: An Historical Perspective from Sir William Harvey to the 1956 Nobel Prize to André F. Cournand, Werner Forssmann, and Dickinson W. Richards
Authors: Sette Piersandro , Dorizzi Romolo M. , Azzini Anna M.
Published: October 2011

Sir William Harvey (1578–1657), who had many precursors, discovered blood circulation in 1628 after a significant number of anatomic dissection of cadavers; his studies were continued by Sir Christopher Wren and Daniel Johann Major. The first central vein catheterization was performed on a horse by Stephen Hales, an English Vicar. In 1844, a century later, the French biologist Claude Bernard attempted the first carotid artery cannulation and repeated the procedure in the jugular vein, again on a horse. He was first to report the complications now well known to be associated with this maneuver. In 1929 Werner Forssmann tried cardiac catheterization on himself, but could not investigate the procedure further since his findings were rejected and ridiculed by colleagues. His work was continued by André Frédéric Cournand and Dickinson Woodruff Richards Jr in the United States. In 1956 the three physicians shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine for their studies on vascular and cardiac systems. The genius and the perseverance of the three physicians paved the way towards peripheral and central catheter vein placement, one of the most frequently performed maneuvers in hospitals. Its history still remains unknown to most and deserves a short description.
Highly Regioselective Isomerization–Hydroformylation of Internal Olefins Catalyzed by Rhodium/Tetraphosphine Complexes
Authors: Cai Chaoxian , Yu Shichao , Liu Guodu , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhang Xumu
Published: October 2011

A new class of substituted tetraphosphine ligands has been applied in the rhodium‐catalyzed regioselective isomerization–hydroformylation of internal olefins. The rhodium/tetraphosphine ligand system is highly effective for the isomerization and hydroformylation of 2‐alkenes to form linear aldehydes. Greater than 95% linear selectivity and up to 94% yield of the total aldehydes were obtained for 2‐pentene, 2‐hexene and 2‐octene. The catalyst system also showed high to moderate linear selectivity for the isomerization and hydroformylation of 3‐hexene, 3‐octene and 4‐octene but with slow reaction rates.
Development and validation of stable‐isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for determination of salivary progesterone
Authors: Higashi Tatsuya , Ito Koichi , Narushima Misato , Sugiura Takahiro , Inagaki Shinsuke , Min Jun Zhe , Toyo'oka Toshimasa
Published: October 2011

A method for the quantification of progesterone (PROG) in human saliva using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) has been developed and validated. The saliva was deproteinized with acetonitrile, purified using a Strata™‐X cartridge, and subjected to LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Quantification was based on selected reaction monitoring, and deuterated PROG was used as the internal standard. This method allowed the reproducible (intra‐ and inter‐assay relative standard deviations, <2.2%) and accurate (analytical recovery, 96.6–99.7%) quantification of the salivary PROG using a 400 μL sample, and the limit of quantification was 12.5 pg/mL. The developed method enabled detection of the variation in the salivary PROG concentrations of healthy volunteers during the menstrual cycle and measurement of the salivary concentrations of pregnant women. The method is expected to be an alternative to the blood PROG monitoring in clinical examinations, because saliva collection is easy, non‐invasive and repeatable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of crucible bottom deformation on the quality of Nd:GGG crystals grown by Czochralski method
Authors: Saeedi H. , Asadian M. , Enayati Sh. , Mirzaei N. , Mashayekhi Asl I. , Sabbaghzadeh J.
Published: October 2011

In this paper, we report the growth of neodymium doped Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (Nd: GGG) crystal using Czochralski (CZ) method, and study the effects of crucible bottom deformation and thermal insulator thickness on the growth process and crystal quality. Garnet structure and <111> crystallography orientation of the crystal were confirmed by the X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Macroscopic defects, residual stresses, quality, and homogeneity of the crystals were investigated by means of parallel plane polariscope and laser fizeau interferometer respectively and the results compared together. Experimental observations show that the crucible bottom deformation from flat to convex, and decreasing the thickness of zirconia insulator under the crucible result in the formation of lateral cores and increasing the crystal inhomogeneity and tensions, leading to the decrease of the crystal quality. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High melting point oxides – a challenge for crystal growth
Authors: Klimm D. , Bertram R. , Galazka Z. , Ganschow S. , Schulz D. , Uecker R.
Published: October 2011

The paper reviews two issues that are inherent to the growth, and to thermal analysis, of high melting oxides: (1) Oxides are thermodynamically stable only within atmospheres where the oxygen partial pressure exceeds some minimum value that rises with temperature. This is problematic if Ir, W, or other high melting crucible materials have to be used, as these metals withstand only limited oxygen access. (2) At very high temperature radiation dominates over thermal conduction, limiting heat flow through the growing crystal. Strategies to overcome both problems are demonstrated. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal modulation and breakup of liquid jets
Authors: Gao Zhanjun , Ng Kam
Published: October 2011

In this paper, we study the breakup behavior of Newtonian liquid and non‐Newtonian liquid jets with an arbitrary variation surface tension imposed along its length. The effect of duty cycle, fluid properties, and the various profiles of the surface tension is investigated. It is shown that the breakup behavior of a jet can be constructed by using the Fourier expansion of the surface tension profile. When the dimensionless wavenumber k is larger than 0.5, the jet breakup behavior is determined by the lowest frequency of the Fourier series expansion of the surface tension profile. As k decreases, higher frequency Fourier modes come to play. In general, for k between, 1∕(n+ 1) and 1∕n,n Fourier modes are needed to determine the jet breakup behavior. The current nonlinear model differs from the existing linear slender jet model in the literature in several ways. While the principle of superposition is valid for the linear model, it is not generally valid for the current nonlinear model. For the linear model, the jet will never break up when the wavenumber is larger than 1. The current model, however, shows clearly that the jet can indeed break up when the wavenumber is larger than 1. Furthermore, the current nonlinear model predicts a breakup time substantially higher than that from the linear model.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of quadruple corner‐cut ridged elliptical waveguide by scaled boundary finite element method
Authors: Liu Jun , Lin Gao
Published: October 2011

The scaled boundary FEM (SBFEM) is a novel semi‐analytical approach, which combines the advantages of the FEM and BEM with appealing features of its own. In this paper, the method is applied to analyse the quadruple corner‐cut ridged elliptical waveguide. A quarter of the waveguide is adopted and divided into a few subdomains. SBFEM only discretizes the surface boundaries of the subdomains in the sense of FEM, and no discretization of side‐face boundaries is needed, leading to great flexibility in mesh generation with very few nodes. It transforms the governing PDEs to ODEs of the radial parameter by the variational principle. The radial differential equation is then solved fully analytically without adoption of any numerical scheme, which brings out the inherent advantage for solving a singularity problem. Based on the SBFEM governing equation and introducing the dynamic stiffness of waveguide, a generalised eigenvalue equation with respect to cut‐off wave number is formulated by a continued fraction solution without introducing an internal mesh. The numerical example demonstrates the simplicity, excellent computation accuracy and efficiency of the present SBFEM approach. Influences of corner‐cut ridge dimensions on the cut‐off wave numbers of modes are examined in detail. Therefore, these results provide an extension to the existing design data for ridged waveguides and are considered helpful in practical applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a universal chain‐growth polymerization protocol of conjugated polymers: Toward a variety of all‐conjugated block‐copolymers
Authors: Verswyvel Michiel , Verstappen Pieter , De Cremer Lieven , Verbiest Thierry , Koeckelberghs Guy
Published: October 2011

This manuscript reports a universal chain‐growth polymerization protocol for conjugated polymers. Herein, the Pd‐based catalyst moiety dissociates from the growing active center into the solution and therefore, the controlled chain‐growth character is not relying on any specific, system‐related complexation, as is the case in polymerization methods reported before. This makes the protocol applicable on a broad range of monomers and, furthermore, also allows an easy one‐pot synthesis of block‐copolymers by successive monomer addition. A chain‐growth polymerization mechanism for poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PF) and all‐conjugated block‐copolymers of them is presented. Moreover, the sequence of monomer addition in the synthesis of these conjugated block‐copolymers is unimportant, which is unique. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Covalently stabilized vesicles derived from amphiphilic multiarm star polymers: Preparation, characterization, and their capability of hosting different polarity of guests
Authors: Cao Peng‐Fei , Zhao Rong‐Xu , Li Lin , Yang Wen‐Wen , Cheng Fa , Chen Yu , Lu Cong‐Hua , Jiang Shi‐Chun
Published: October 2011

The large amount of terminal hydroxyl groups of amphiphilic multiarm star copolymers with hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI) as the hydrophilic core and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) arms as the hydrophobic shell were completely transformed into the radical‐crosslinkable methacrylate (MA) groups. The resulting PEI‐b‐PCL‐MA polymers could self‐assemble into vesicles in water, which was verified by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After crosslinking the intravesicular MA groups, covalently stabilized vesicles (CSVs) were generated. These CSVs were further characterized by DLS and TEM, and it was found that the corona of the vesicles was not the simple double‐layer structure, but contained a certain amount of PEI‐b‐PCL unimolecular micellar units between the double‐layer. These CSVs could accommodate both apolar and polar guests using their hydrophobic PCL zones and void cores, respectively. Moreover, these CSVs showed superior capacities for apolar guests to their noncrosslinked precursors and the corresponding traditional amphiphilic multishell star polymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Evidence‐Based Selective Application of Transhiatal Esophagectomy in a High‐Volume Esophageal Center
Authors: Donohoe Claire L. , O’Farrell Naoimh J. , Ravi Narayamasamy , Reynolds John V.
Published: October 2011

Background

Transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE) with lymphadenectomy represents the gold standard of operative approaches to esophageal cancer. The TTE procedure carries significant operative risk, particularly in patients with co‐morbidities, and the possible oncologic benefit of a mediastinal lymph node dissection in certain subgroups of patients with esophageal cancer is controversial. Transhiatal esophagectomy (THE), which avoids a thoracotomy, may reduce morbidity and mortality below levels seen with TTE, and there is no proof from randomized studies of any oncologic inferiority to TTE in patients with early tumors. Accordingly, the selective use of THE has increased in our high‐volume center in recent years, and this study audits that experience over the last decade

Methods

Between 2000 and 2009 inclusive, 584 patients were treated surgically with curative intent. The standard operative approach in our unit is en bloc TTE, and THE represents 5.5% overall, and 11.1% in the second 5‐year period (2004–2009), compared with 2% previously. The present study details the selection of these cases (n = 32) treated with THE and their outcomes, as well as the outcomes in the TTE (n = 438) group

Result

Transhiatal esophagectomy was used for early stage carcinoma (n = 18) and for patients of advanced age who also had co‐morbidities (n = 14). Patients undergoing THE were significantly older (68.46 versus 63.07 years of age; p = 0.002), and were at higher operative risk based on ASA grade (grade 3: 53.1% versus 17.3%; p < 0.001), compared with TTE patients. The THE cohort also included more patients with early cancers compared with the TTE cohort (56.3% versus 17.6%; p < 0.001). There were no differences in R0 resection rates for patients with early tumors or advanced co‐morbidity. Nodal yields were lower in THE patients (p = 0.005). The overall complication rate was lower in the THE group (31.6% versus 44.2%; p = 0.021), and there were no postoperative deaths in the transhiatal group, whereas the in‐hospital mortality rate for the TTE group was 3% (p < 0.001). Disease‐specific survival was equivalent with each approach.

Conclusions

Transhiatal esophagectomy has a role in a pragmatic individualized approach to esophageal cancer. As an alternative to a standardized en bloc transthoracic esophagectomy, the transhiatal approach may be suitable for patients with predicted node‐negative cancers or those with resectable disease who are not candidates for TTE because of co‐morbidity.
The Life and Services of Horatio Viscount Nelson
Authors: Clarke James Stanier , McArthur John
Published: October 2011

Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson (1758–1805) is considered one of the greatest naval commanders in British history, having establishing Britain's naval dominance with victories during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. His death at the height of the Battle of Trafalgar ensured that his memory became revered. These volumes, first published in 1809 (and reissued here from the 1840 edition), contain Nelson's official biography, published with the blessing of his family. The authors Clarke and McArthur trace Nelson's life from his childhood until his dramatic death at Trafalgar, using Nelson's own reminiscences, his letters to his wife, and interviews and statements from close friends and colleagues. This biography remains a valuable source for Nelson's early career and character, and provides insights into how the cult of Nelson was created and sustained. Volume 1 covers Nelson's life up to 1797.
The Works of John Ruskin
Authors: Ruskin John
Published: October 2011

The influence of John Ruskin (1819–1900), both on his own time and on artistic and social developments in the twentieth century, cannot be over-stated. He changed Victorian perceptions of art, and was the main influence behind 'Gothic revival' architecture. As a social critic, he argued for the improvement of the condition of the poor, and against the increasing mechanisation of work in factories, which he believed was dull and soul-destroying. The thirty-nine volumes of the Library Edition of his works, published between 1903 and 1912, are themselves a remarkable achievement, in which his books and essays - almost all highly illustrated - are given a biographical and critical context in extended introductory essays and in the 'Minor Ruskiniana' - extracts from letters, articles and reminiscences both by and about Ruskin. This third volume contains Volume 1 of Modern Painters.
The Works of John Ruskin
Authors: Ruskin John
Published: October 2011

The influence of John Ruskin (1819–1900), both on his own time and on artistic and social developments in the twentieth century, cannot be over-stated. He changed Victorian perceptions of art, and was the main influence behind 'Gothic revival' architecture. As a social critic, he argued for the improvement of the condition of the poor, and against the increasing mechanisation of work in factories, which he believed was dull and soul-destroying. The thirty-nine volumes of the Library Edition of his works, published between 1903 and 1912, are themselves a remarkable achievement, in which his books and essays - almost all highly illustrated - are given a biographical and critical context in extended introductory essays and in the 'Minor Ruskiniana' - extracts from letters, articles and reminiscences both by and about Ruskin. This twenty-first volume contains the catalogues of the Ruskin Art Collection at Oxford.
The Works of John Ruskin
Authors: Ruskin John
Published: October 2011

The influence of John Ruskin (1819–1900), both on his own time and on artistic and social developments in the twentieth century, cannot be over-stated. He changed Victorian perceptions of art, and was the main influence behind 'Gothic revival' architecture. As a social critic, he argued for the improvement of the condition of the poor, and against the increasing mechanisation of work in factories, which he believed was dull and soul-destroying. The thirty-nine volumes of the Library Edition of his works, published between 1903 and 1912, are themselves a remarkable achievement, in which his books and essays - almost all highly illustrated - are given a biographical and critical context in extended introductory essays and in the 'Minor Ruskiniana' - extracts from letters, articles and reminiscences both by and about Ruskin. This twenty-third volume contains Ruskin's writings on the art and architecture of Florence.
The Works of John Ruskin
Authors: Ruskin John
Published: October 2011

The influence of John Ruskin (1819–1900), both on his own time and on artistic and social developments in the twentieth century, cannot be over-stated. He changed Victorian perceptions of art, and was the main influence behind 'Gothic revival' architecture. As a social critic, he argued for the improvement of the condition of the poor, and against the increasing mechanisation of work in factories, which he believed was dull and soul-destroying. The thirty-nine volumes of the Library Edition of his works, published between 1903 and 1912, are themselves a remarkable achievement, in which his books and essays - almost all highly illustrated - are given a biographical and critical context in extended introductory essays and in the 'Minor Ruskiniana' - extracts from letters, articles and reminiscences both by and about Ruskin. This thirtieth volume contains writings on the Guild of St George and the Ruskin Museum.
The Works of John Ruskin
Authors: Ruskin John
Published: October 2011

The influence of John Ruskin (1819–1900), both on his own time and on artistic and social developments in the twentieth century, cannot be over-stated. He changed Victorian perceptions of art, and was the main influence behind 'Gothic revival' architecture. As a social critic, he argued for the improvement of the condition of the poor, and against the increasing mechanisation of work in factories, which he believed was dull and soul-destroying. The thirty-nine volumes of the Library Edition of his works, published between 1903 and 1912, are themselves a remarkable achievement, in which his books and essays - almost all highly illustrated - are given a biographical and critical context in extended introductory essays and in the 'Minor Ruskiniana' - extracts from letters, articles and reminiscences both by and about Ruskin. This thirty-first volume contains the Bibliotheca pastorum.
The Northern Bantu
Authors: Roscoe John
Published: October 2011

John Roscoe (1861–1932) was an ordained Christian missionary who was elected a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Society in 1912 for his contributions to the ethnographic record of Uganda. John Roscoe joined the Uganda mission in 1891 and upon returning to England in 1909 he began to publish the results of his investigations into the lives of the indigenous people in Uganda. This edition contains an ethnographic survey of six different indigenous Bantu speaking groups living near Lake Victoria, and was first published as part of the Cambridge Archaeological and Ethnological Series in 1912. In this work he describes the social, political and economic life of these groups before European influence from colonialism, drawn from interviews with local people in their own language. This volume contains views on ethnicity which were acceptable at the time this volume was published.
Thirteen Satires of Juvenal
Authors: Mayor John E. B.
Published: October 2011

The second edition of John Mayor's 1853 commentary on the Roman satirist Juvenal was published in the years 1872 to 1879, and according to the author's preface was intended as a precursor to an even larger-scale study. Thirteen of Juvenal's satires are featured here (Satires 2, 6 and 9 are omitted) and a thorough commentary is given for each, guiding the reader through the poet's intricate language and a dense web of historical and mythological allusions. Mayor (1825–1910), who was elected Professor of Latin at Cambridge in 1872 and became one of the original Fellows of the British Academy, applied his extensive knowledge of thought and life in Imperial Rome to make this difficult material more approachable. Volume 2 contains Mayor's notes on Satires 8 and 10–16.
Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan
Authors: Stephens John Lloyd
Published: October 2011

John Lloyd Stephens (1805–1852) was an American politician, explorer and writer who is renowned for his pioneering research into the ancient Maya civilisation of Central America. In 1839 Stephens was appointed a Special Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Central America (modern Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala and El Salvador). First published in 1841, this two-volume work is an account of his travels in 1839 and 1840, visiting and recording ancient Mayan sites. Stephens describes Copán, Palenque and forty-two other ancient sites and includes over fifty illustrations drawn by his travelling companion Frederick Catherwood (1799–1854), a professional architect. Although earlier accounts of Mayan ruins had been published, Stephens' vivid descriptions and Catherwood's meticulous drawings were far more detailed and accurate than previous reports, and kindled Victorian interest in the ancient Maya civilisation. Volume 2 focuses on Palenque, Uxmal and other Mayan sites.
Notes on the United States of North America during a Phrenological Visit in 1838–39–40
Authors: Combe George
Published: October 2011

George Combe (1788–1858) rose from humble origins to tour widely in Europe and the United States, lecturing on phrenology, the popular Victorian belief that character traits were determined by the configuration of the skull. He founded Britain's first Phrenological Society in 1820 in Edinburgh, and was considered the foremost phrenologist of the nineteenth century. These volumes, first published in 1841, contain Combe's account of a phrenological lecture tour he undertook in the United States between 1838 and 1840. In the form of a journal, Combe describes the social and political institutions of the United States, and provides vivid descriptions of American society and customs. He also provides accounts of phrenological practice and the lectures he presented. These volumes provide a wealth of information on nineteenth-century society in America, and invaluable details concerning the practice of phrenology. Volume 3 concludes his account, and discusses 'American civilization'.
Landmarks of a Literary Life 1820–1892
Authors: Crosland Camilla
Published: October 2011

Camilla Crosland (1812–1895) was a British author whose literary career spanned sixty years of the nineteenth century. Although best known as a poet, she was also a prolific writer of short stories, novels and articles. In the late 1850s she became involved with spiritualism, and published influential works on the subject. This volume, first published in 1893, contains her detailed autobiography. Crosland describes her long life chronologically, describing the aftermath of the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, the death of George III and the characters and lives of the many influential authors she met during her career. She also provides anecdotes and detailed descriptions of early Victorian society and the development of literature to appeal to a broader readership. This volume provides a fascinating retrospect of early Victorian social life. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=crosca
History of the College of St John the Evangelist, Cambridge
Authors: Baker Thomas
Published: October 2011

Thomas Baker (1656–1740) spent most of his long life at St John's College, Cambridge pursuing historical research. He was also an avid book collector, and bequeathed his valuable library to the college. His writings included a history of the college, which was edited by John Mayor and published in 1869. Volume 1 begins with an account of the founding of the college in 1511, and goes on to list donors and details of their endowments, and the first scholars of the college. It also contains information about ordinances, petitions, and important individuals. Baker's sources include written documentation (for example the 'thick black book' and the 'white vellum book') as well as oral traditions. His work is not merely a register of dates and numbers, but a fascinating account of two centuries of committed work and political manoeuvres underlying the later success of this rich and influential college.
The Collected Mathematical Papers
Authors: Cayley Arthur
Published: October 2011

Arthur Cayley (1821–1895) was a key figure in the creation of modern algebra. He studied mathematics at Cambridge and published three papers while still an undergraduate. He then qualified as a lawyer and published about 250 mathematical papers during his fourteen years at the Bar. In 1863 he took a significant salary cut to become the first Sadleirian Professor of Pure Mathematics at Cambridge, where he continued to publish at a phenomenal rate on nearly every aspect of the subject, his most important work being in matrices, geometry and abstract groups. In 1883 he became president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Publication of his Collected Papers - 967 papers in 13 volumes plus an index volume - began in 1889 and was completed after his death under the editorship of his successor in the Sadleirian Chair. This volume contains 33 papers published between 1865 and 1872.
The Collected Mathematical Papers
Authors: Cayley Arthur
Published: October 2011

Arthur Cayley (1821–1895) was a key figure in the creation of modern algebra. He studied mathematics at Cambridge and published three papers while still an undergraduate. He then qualified as a lawyer and published about 250 mathematical papers during his fourteen years at the Bar. In 1863 he took a significant salary cut to become the first Sadleirian Professor of Pure Mathematics at Cambridge, where he continued to publish at a phenomenal rate on nearly every aspect of the subject, his most important work being in matrices, geometry and abstract groups. In 1883 he became president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Publication of his Collected Papers - 967 papers in 13 volumes plus an index volume - began in 1889 and was completed after his death under the editorship of his successor in the Sadleirian Chair. This volume contains 74 papers, mostly published between 1874 and 1877.
An English Carmelite
Authors: Burton Catharine
Published: October 2011

Catharine Burton (1688–1714) was an English Carmelite nun who in 1697 was inspired to write her autobiography following visions of her patron saint, St. Francis Xavier. During a severe illness in her teenage years which left her near death, Burton underwent a spiritual conversion and resolved to enter a religious order should she survive. After her recovery, Burton entered the English Carmelite convent in Antwerp in 1693. She was elected Superior of the convent in 1700. This volume, first published in 1876, contains her autobiography as arranged by her confessor, Father Thomas Hunter (1666–1725). Burton describes her childhood and spiritual struggles in fascinating detail, and provides a vivid account of her daily life, bodily sufferings and religious practices as a nun. This volume combines elements from medieval accounts of female religious experiences with early modern philosophical ideas, providing valuable information concerning changes in the representation of female spirituality.
The Jaulân
Authors: Schumacher Gottlieb
Published: October 2011

Gottlieb Schumacher (1857–1925) was an American-born German civil engineer, architect and archaeologist who was influential in the early archaeological explorations of Palestine. His parents were members of the Temple Association, a Protestant group who emigrated to Haifa in 1869. After studying engineering in Stuttgart between 1876 and 1881, Schumacher returned to Haifa and assumed a leading role in surveying and construction in the region. This volume, first published in 1888 for the Palestine Exploration Fund, contains the results of Schumacher's survey of the Jaulân region of Syria, now known as the Golan Heights. Schumacher provides an engaging and detailed description of the geography and archaeological remains of the region, with the culture, society and customs of both the settled inhabitants and nomadic Bedouin also described. The book is richly illustrated with over 140 figures of ancient artefacts and remains, together with a detailed map of the region.
The History of Greece
Authors: Mitford William
Published: October 2011

This vast study, first published between 1784 and 1818, and written on an unprecedentedly large historical scale, was begun at the urging of the author's friend Edward Gibbon. William Mitford (1744–1827), a scholar of private means, a magistrate and an MP, was concerned for the preservation of national and military stability, and he in part used his work to draw parallels between the rise of Athenian democracy and the contemporary status of the British constitution. This stance drew some criticism initially, but Mitford's approach was later praised in the wake of the French Revolution. The History, therefore, offers fascinating insights into its own time as well as a study of ancient Greece. The four volumes reissued here are from the uniform edition of 1808. Volume 1 covers the period from Greece's earliest foundations to the time of Pericles and the end of the first Peloponnesian War in 445 BCE.
A Popular History of Astronomy During the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Clerke Agnes Mary
Published: October 2011

Agnes Mary Clerke (1842–1907) first published A Popular History of Astronomy in 1885. The work was received with widespread acclaim and brought Clerke an international reputation as a science writer. The History surveys the progress made in the field of astronomy during the nineteenth century. It is split chronologically into two parts, dealing with the first and the second half of the century. Part 1 focuses on the career of the astronomer William Herschel (1738–1822) and the development of sidereal astronomy; part 2 deals with the discovery of spectrum analysis and the progress of knowledge about sun spots and the magnetic disturbances which cause them. Clerke's work, a classic example of Victorian popular scientific literature, stands alongside Grant's earlier History of Astronomy in its success in popularising the subject. The work is important today for scholars researching the history of the discipline and its place in educated Victorian society.
The Naval History of Great Britain
Authors: James William
Published: October 2011

William James (1780–1827) was a lawyer and naval historian best known for this magisterial history of the Royal Navy between 1793 and 1827. James began to research the role of the Royal Navy in the Revolutionary Wars, publishing five volumes between 1822 and 1824. This was expanded up to 1827 in later editions. In one of the most comprehensive histories of the Navy in the Napoleonic Wars ever published, James' rigorous research methodology using various contemporary sources provides detailed descriptions of the operations of the Royal Navy in the period. Fleet campaigns and minor engagements are discussed, with technical and tactical details of ships and battles also provided. These volumes (here reissued from the 1859 edition) remain an invaluable source of information for the history of the Royal Navy during this fascinating period. Volume 4 covers 1805–1808 and includes the Battle of Trafalgar.
St John's College, Cambridge
Authors: Scott Robert Forsyth , New Edmund H.
Published: October 2011

St John's College, Cambridge, founded in 1511 by Lady Margaret Beaufort, is one of the largest colleges in the University, and is home to one of Cambridge's famous landmarks, the Bridge of Sighs. The author, R. F. Scott, was Master of the College from 1908 until his death in 1933. This history, first published in 1907, covers the period from its foundation, on the ancient site of the hospital of St John the Evangelist, to the start of the twentieth century. Each chapter is dedicated to a different century, and the book finishes with an account of the contemporary social life of the college. Copiously illustrated throughout and with a comprehensive index, this book will appeal to anyone interested in Cambridge University and specifically to those fascinated by college life and history.
Writings on Education in West Africa
Authors: Kilham Hannah
Published: October 2011

Hannah Kilham (1774–1832) was a missionary whose aim in her work in the Gambia and Sierra Leone was to teach children in their own indigenous languages rather than in English. In order to do so she learned the Wolof language from African sailors in London and later, in Sierra Leone, collected specimens of thirty languages through her encounters with freed slaves. The first of two publications reissued in this volume, Kilham's Report on a Recent Visit to the Colony of Sierra Leone (1828), discusses the state of education in the colony as well as the general condition of its people. The second, Claims of West Africa to Christian Instruction through the Native Languages (1830) also discusses the system of education, outlining the process of tuition, and emphasising the need for Bible translations into African languages. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=kilhha
Scenes and Characteristics of Hindostan
Authors: Roberts Emma
Published: October 2011

Emma Roberts' 1835 work, compiled from articles she published in the Asiatic Journal, was well received in India and England. Roberts lived in India from 1828 with her sister and her brother-in-law who served in the 61st Bengal infantry. In 1830 she moved to Calcutta, where she edited and wrote for the Oriental Observer and contributed to periodicals and annuals. Returning to London in 1832, she threw herself into the literary world, publishing in several different fields. This book reveals Roberts' sympathetic attitude to the Indian people and her genuine interest in providing a thorough and honest report of their culture. Volume 2 begins by describing Allahabad in northern India, and covers a wide variety of topics including diamonds, geology, climate, flora and fauna, superstition, litigation, children, tourism and sport. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=robeem
Recollections of a Literary Life
Authors: Mitford Mary Russell
Published: October 2011

Better known for her five volume portrait of English rural life, Our Village, Mary Russell Mitford (1787–1855) was one of the most prolific female writers of her day. Part critical essay, part autobiography, Recollections consists of a series of sketches on and selections from Mitford's favourite authors, stemming from her desire 'to make others relish a few favourite writers as heartily as I have relished them myself'. The collection is arranged according to Mitford's own eclectic system of categorization including 'fashionable poets', 'cavalier poets', and 'poetry that poets love'. This third volume includes chapters on Wordsworth, Richardson, Coleridge, Walter Scott, Chaucer, Hawthorne, Milton, and several others. Mitford wears her immense literary skill lightly and Recollections is masterfully written, full of lively wit and fascinating biographical detail. Published just three years before Mitford's death, it was based on earlier articles and letters.
Harriet Martineau's Autobiography
Authors: Martineau Harriet , Chapman Maria Weston
Published: October 2011

Harriet Martineau (1802–1876) was a British writer who was one of the first social theorists to examine all aspects of a society, including class, religion, national character and the status of women. These volumes, first published in 1877, contain Martineau's unusual autobiography. Written in three months in 1855 when she believed herself to be dying, the original two volumes remained unaltered despite her recovery and continued writing. The third volume, covering the remainder of Martineau's life, was written by her friend and literary executor, Maria Chapman, who had access to Martineau's private papers. These works were the first substantial published account of Martineau's life and work, and remain a remarkable example of the genre for Martineau's vivid descriptions and candid, outspoken opinions of Victorian society. Volume 3 contains Chapman's biography of Martineau. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=martha
Royal Naval Biography
Authors: Marshall John
Published: October 2011

John Marshall (c.1784–1837) was a naval officer and biographer. He first went to sea at the age of nine, and by the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 had reached the rank of lieutenant. After the war, he started to research the lives of contemporary high-ranking naval officers, some of whose service reached as far back as 1760. These volumes, first published between 1823 and 1830, contain the results of this monumental research, and demonstrate the new 'cult' of the navy in the early nineteenth century. Some of the biographies were contributed by the officers themselves, with others containing private or official letters and other records. Organised according to seniority in rank, these volumes contain a wealth of fascinating information on the careers of naval officers and battles and wars in which they took part. Volume 2, Part 1, contains biographies of retired officers.
Royal Naval Biography
Authors: Marshall John
Published: October 2011

John Marshall (c.1784–1837) was a naval officer and biographer. He first went to sea at the age of nine, and by the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 had reached the rank of lieutenant. After the war, he started to research the lives of contemporary high-ranking naval officers, some of whose service reached as far back as 1760. These volumes, first published between 1823 and 1830, contain the results of this monumental research, and demonstrate the new 'cult' of the navy in the early nineteenth century. Some of the biographies were contributed by the officers themselves, with others containing private or official letters and other records. Organised according to seniority in rank, these volumes contain a wealth of fascinating information on the careers of naval officers and battles and wars in which they took part. Volume 3, Part 2, contains biographies of commanders.
Principles of Mechanism
Authors: Willis Robert
Published: October 2011

Robert Willis (1800–1875) was a scientist, inventor and architectural historian of international repute. As Jacksonian Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy at Cambridge, he demonstrated specially made mechanical devices to huge audiences. First published in 1841, Principles of Mechanism provided the theory behind the demonstrations. He defined mechanism as the means by which any relations of motion could be realised. The book was extremely influential, with all books in English, French, and German on the subject for the next generation adopting Willis' classification and nomenclature. He worked closely with William Whewell, whose Mechanics of Engineering was published in the same year. These two books established the science of mechanism, and provided study materials for the rapidly growing engineering profession. The work became a standard textbook for engineering and mathematics students, with a second edition issued in 1870.
The Invasion of the Crimea
Authors: Kinglake Alexander William
Published: October 2011

Alexander William Kinglake (1809–1891) was a travel writer and historian. He witnessed the battle of the Alma and the Charge of the Light Brigade, and became well acquainted with the British commander, Lord Raglan. This work was commissioned by Lady Raglan to repair her husband's reputation, and Kinglake was given access to Raglan's papers, and to private and confidential state records. The eight volumes were published between 1863 and 1887. They were extremely successful commercially, but received mixed critical reviews, owing to the bias and prejudice shown by the author, and serious questions were raised about his use of the sources to which he was given exclusive access. However, the breadth of his research, corresponding with or interviewing participants in the war, and use of French, Turkish and Russian sources as well as British, gives lasting value to the work. Volume 4 ends with the Battle of Balaclava.
The Jamaica Planter’s Guide
Authors: Roughley Thomas
Published: October 2011

Thomas Roughley published this Guide in 1823, based on his own experience. The book is an important source on Britain's richest colony, where the sugar trade had reached its peak production around 1810. At a time when the abolition of slavery was a major issue, Jamaican planters were particularly concerned, as so much of their activity was based on slave labour. The book deals with all aspects of running a sugar plantation profitably, the chapter on the work force being particularly interesting. He outlines each role necessary for the effective estate, and criticises the 'slanders' of philanthropists regarding the mistreatment of slaves, referring to the strict laws for their protection: since the importation of new slaves had been banned since 1807, it was all the more necessary for owners to look after their workforce's health and welfare. Roughley shows that well-run plantations were highly complex agricultural and economic units.
The Deeper Wrong
Authors: Jacobs Harriet Ann
Published: October 2011

Harriet Ann Jacobs (1813–1897) was born into slavery in North Carolina, but escaped to the north to flee her owner's sexual advances. This autobiography was published under a pseudonym in 1861 to protect her family. She became involved with the Anti-Slavery Society, speaking at meetings in support of abolition. The book was aimed at middle-class white women, and stresses the impact of slavery on women's chastity, as slaves were frequently sexually exploited. She is highly critical of the nominal Christianity of the culture of the southern States. Much of the narrative deals with her efforts to regain her children, who had remained her master's property. Jacobs' first-hand account was an early publication of its type, and many found the abuse she suffered shocking and unbelievable. Jacobs became a role model for freed slaves, in taking control of her life, and helping others to adapt through education.
The Correspondence of William Wilberforce
Authors: Wilberforce William
Published: October 2011

William Wilberforce (1759–1833) was a politician, philanthropist and evangelical Christian, now best known for his work to end the slave trade. Elected to Parliament in 1780, he campaigned unsuccessfully for penal and electoral reform. In 1787, at the encouragement of his friend William Pitt, he took up the cause of abolition at Westminster, while Thomas Clarkson and others collected evidence and mobilised popular opinion. Wilberforce also lobbied tirelessly for the cause, but humanitarian and ethical arguments were slow to overcome the economic interests of those who had made fortunes from the slave trade or the use of slave labour. It was not until 1807 that the Abolition Bill was finally passed. Wilberforce continued his work for the emancipation of slaves, and also campaigned for religious liberty. This work, edited by two of his sons and published in 1840, includes their reply to criticisms by Thomas Clarkson of their earlier biography.
The English Peasant
Authors: Heath Richard
Published: October 2011

Richard Heath, about whom very little is known, travelled around England, and wrote a series of essays on agricultural workers, towards the end of the nineteenth century, when rural life and agriculture were undergoing great changes. The English Peasant was published in book form in 1893. It begins with an outline history of peasant life, which presents a very depressing picture. Agricultural workers' housing may have been picturesque but was primitive in the extreme, and enclosure of common land had worsened their lot, especially in the south and west of England. Heath gives graphic pictures of the conditions in which peasant families lived and worked, dwelling especially on the high figures for infant mortality. He was understandably shocked that a Christian country could let its workers live like this, but hoped that the foundation of the National Agricultural Labourers' Union in 1872 would result in improvements in the workers' condition.