bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of distribution characteristics and dynamic changes of gut microbiota with the efficacy of immunotherapy in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Luo Wei-Chi , Mei Shi-Qi , Huang Zi-Jian , Chen Zhi-Hong , Zhang Yi-Chen , Yang Ming-Yi , Liu Jia-Qi , Xu Jing-Yan , Yang Xiao-Rong , Zhong Ri-Wei , Tang Li-Bo , Yin Lin-Xi , Deng Yu , Peng Ying-Long , Lu Chang , Chen Bao-Long , Ke Dong-Xian , Tu Hai-Yan , Yang Jin-Ji , Xu Chong-Rui , Wu Yi-Long , Zhou Qing
Published: April 2024

Background

The effects of gut microbiota and metabolites on the responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild-type non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been studied. However, their effects on EGFR-mutated (EGFR +) NSCLC remain unknown.

Methods

We prospectively recorded the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with advanced EGFR + NSCLC and assessed potential associations between the use of antibiotics or probiotics and immunotherapy efficacy. Fecal samples were collected at baseline, early on-treatment, response and progression status and were subjected to metagenomic next-generation sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses to assess the effects of gut microbiota and metabolites on immunotherapy efficacy.

Results

The clinical data of 74 advanced EGFR + NSCLC patients were complete and 18 patients’ fecal samples were dynamically collected. Patients that used antibiotics had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (mPFS, 4.8 vs. 6.7 months; P = 0.037); probiotics had no impact on PFS. Two dynamic types of gut microbiota during immunotherapy were identified: one type showed the lowest relative abundance at the response time point, whereas the other type showed the highest abundance at the response time point. Metabolomics revealed significant differences in metabolites distribution between responders and non-responders. Deoxycholic acid, glycerol, and quinolinic acid were enriched in responders, whereas L-citrulline was enriched in non-responders. There was a significant correlation between gut microbiota and metabolites.

Conclusions

The use of antibiotics weakens immunotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced EGFR + NSCLC. The distribution characteristics and dynamic changes of gut microbiota and metabolites may indicate the efficacy of immunotherapy in advanced EGFR + NSCLC.
Short- and Long-term survival prediction in patients with acute type A aortic dissection undergoing open surgery
Authors: Matniyaz Yusanjan , Luo Yuan-Xi , Jiang Yi , Zhang Ke-Yin , Wang Wen-Zhe , Pan Tuo , Wang Dong-Jin , Xue Yun-Xing
Published: April 2024

Background

Acute Type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease associated with high mortality rates, where surgical intervention remains the primary life-saving treatment. However, the mortality rate for ATAAD operations continues to be alarmingly high. To address this critical issue, our study aimed to assess the correlation between preoperative laboratory examination, clinical imaging data, and postoperative mortality in ATAAD patients. Additionally, we sought to establish a reliable prediction model for evaluating the risk of postoperative death.

Methods

In this study, a total of 384 patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) who were admitted to the emergency department for surgical treatment were included. Based on preoperative laboratory examination and clinical imaging data of ATAAD patients, logistic analysis was used to obtain independent risk factors for postoperative in-hospital death. The survival prediction model was based on cox regression analysis and displayed as a nomogram.

Results

Logistic analysis identified several independent risk factors for postoperative in-hospital death, including Marfan syndrome, previous cardiac surgery history, previous renal dialysis history, direct bilirubin, serum phosphorus, D-dimer, white blood cell, multiple aortic ruptures and age. A survival prediction model based on cox regression analysis was established and presented as a nomogram. The model exhibited good discrimination and significantly improved the prediction of death risk in ATAAD patients.

Conclusions

In this study, we developed a novel survival prediction model for acute type A aortic dissection based on preoperative clinical features. The model demonstrated good discriminatory power and improved accuracy in predicting the risk of death in ATAAD patients undergoing open surgery.
Vitamin D metabolism in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a prospective observational study
Authors: Cameron Lynda K. , Ledwaba-Chapman Lesedi , Voong Kieran , Hampson Geeta , Forni Lui G. , Seylanova Nina , Harrington Dominic J. , Lim Rosario , Bociek Aneta , Yanzhong Wang , Ostermann Marlies
Published: April 2024

Background

Vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients is associated with poor outcomes, and vitamin D supplementation is recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease. Whether acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with altered Vitamin D metabolism is unknown. We aimed to compare the longitudinal profiles of serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations in critically ill patients with and without moderate to severe AKI and explore the impact of renal recovery and parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Methods

In this prospective, observational study in two centres in the UK, critically ill patients with and without AKI underwent serial measurement of serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D and plasma PTH concentrations for 5 days. Linear mixed model analysis and sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

Serial data of 137 patients were analysed. Seventy-one patients had AKI stage II/III of whom 23 recovered kidney function during the 5-day study period; 66 patients did not have AKI at enrolment of whom 14 developed new AKI. On day of enrolment, patients’ serum 25(OH)D concentrations were low (median 18 nmol/L) but there was no significant difference between patients with and without AKI. Median serum 1,25(OH)2D levels were significantly lower in patients with AKI II/III (41 pmol/L [IQR 26, 58]) compared to similarly unwell patients without AKI (54 pmol/L [IQR 33, 69]) during the 5-day period. Recovery of kidney function in patients with AKI was associated with a rise in 1,25(OH)2D concentrations. Plasma PTH results were impacted by serum calcium and magnesium levels but not associated with 1,25(OH)2D levels.

Conclusions

Critically ill patients with moderate-to-severe AKI have significantly lower serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations than similarly sick patients without AKI but there was no difference in serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Recovery of AKI was associated with a rise in serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations. More research is needed to investigate the health benefits and safety of supplementation with active vitamin D in critically ill patients with moderate-to-severe AKI.

Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02869919), registered on 16 May 2016.
Dyssynchronous diaphragm contractions impair diaphragm function in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Coiffard Benjamin , Dianti Jose , Telias Irene , Brochard Laurent J. , Slutsky Arthur S. , Beck Jennifer , Sinderby Christer , Ferguson Niall D. , Goligher Ewan C.
Published: April 2024

Background

Pre-clinical studies suggest that dyssynchronous diaphragm contractions during mechanical ventilation may cause acute diaphragm dysfunction. We aimed to describe the variability in diaphragm contractile loading conditions during mechanical ventilation and to establish whether dyssynchronous diaphragm contractions are associated with the development of impaired diaphragm dysfunction.

Methods

In patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for pneumonia, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or acute brain injury, airway flow and pressure and diaphragm electrical activity (Edi) were recorded hourly around the clock for up to 7 days. Dyssynchronous post-inspiratory diaphragm loading was defined based on the duration of neural inspiration after expiratory cycling of the ventilator. Diaphragm function was assessed on a daily basis by neuromuscular coupling (NMC, the ratio of transdiaphragmatic pressure to diaphragm electrical activity).

Results

A total of 4508 hourly recordings were collected in 45 patients. Edi was low or absent (≤ 5 µV) in 51% of study hours (median 71 h per patient, interquartile range 39–101 h). Dyssynchronous post-inspiratory loading was present in 13% of study hours (median 7 h per patient, interquartile range 2–22 h). The probability of dyssynchronous post-inspiratory loading was increased with reverse triggering (odds ratio 15, 95% CI 8–35) and premature cycling (odds ratio 8, 95% CI 6–10). The duration and magnitude of dyssynchronous post-inspiratory loading were associated with a progressive decline in diaphragm NMC (p < 0.01 for interaction with time).

Conclusions

Dyssynchronous diaphragm contractions may impair diaphragm function during mechanical ventilation.

Trial registration

MYOTRAUMA, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03108118. Registered 04 April 2017 (retrospectively registered).
Antidiuretic hormone deficiency secondary to inactive hydrocephalus: a case report
Authors: Kadel Anuradha , Kharal Nikita , Sapkota Srijana , Pokhrel Prakash , Sharma Arun Kumar , Bhattarai Aseem , Raut Mithileshwer , Dubey Raju Kumar , Tuladhar Eans Tara , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Niraula Apeksha
Published: March 2024

Background

Diabetes insipidus is a syndrome characterized by polyuria, which is almost always associated with polydipsia. The most frequent cause is central diabetes insipidus, which is the result of an inadequate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone, and diagnosis involves differentiating it from other causes of polyuria and polydipsia.

Case presentation

Here, we present a clinical case of a previously healthy 13-year-old Nepali boy, who, in December 2022, was found to have intense polydipsia accompanied by polyuria. He had bilateral lower limb weakness at the time of presentation. Biochemical evaluation demonstrated raised serum sodium (181 mEq/L), serum creatinine (78 μmol/L), and serum uric acid (560 μmol/L) with suppressed serum potassium (2.7 mEq/L), which was the major concern to the clinicians. Further laboratory workup revealed an increased serum osmolarity (393.6 mOsm/kg) with reduced urine osmolarity (222.7 mOsm/kg). On contrast magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, a thick-walled third ventricular cyst with bilateral foramen obstruction, thin membrane-like structure at top of aqueduct of Sylvius with gross obstructive hydrocephalus (inactive), and compressed and thinned pituitary gland with no bright spot was observed. The laboratory findings, radiological findings, and case presentation provided the provisional diagnosis of diabetes insipidus due to hydrocephalus and third ventricular cyst.

Conclusions

Central diabetes insipidus due to hydrocephalus, though rare, can have serious complications including the predilection to develop a deficit of other pituitary hormones. Thus, even if hydrocephalus is dormant with normal intracranial pressure, it must be addressed during investigations of central diabetes insipidus.
A general model for predicting enzyme functions based on enzymatic reactions
Authors: Qian Wenjia , Wang Xiaorui , Kang Yu , Pan Peichen , Hou Tingjun , Hsieh Chang-Yu
Published: March 2024

Accurate prediction of the enzyme comission (EC) numbers for chemical reactions is essential for the understanding and manipulation of enzyme functions, biocatalytic processes and biosynthetic planning. A number of machine leanring (ML)-based models have been developed to classify enzymatic reactions, showing great advantages over costly and long-winded experimental verifications. However, the prediction accuracy for most available models trained on the records of chemical reactions without specifying the enzymatic catalysts is rather limited. In this study, we introduced BEC-Pred, a BERT-based multiclassification model, for predicting EC numbers associated with reactions. Leveraging transfer learning, our approach achieves precise forecasting across a wide variety of Enzyme Commission (EC) numbers solely through analysis of the SMILES sequences of substrates and products. BEC-Pred model outperformed other sequence and graph-based ML methods, attaining a higher accuracy of 91.6%, surpassing them by 5.5%, and exhibiting superior F1 scores with improvements of 6.6% and 6.0%, respectively. The enhanced performance highlights the potential of BEC-Pred to serve as a reliable foundational tool to accelerate the cutting-edge research in synthetic biology and drug metabolism. Moreover, we discussed a few examples on how BEC-Pred could accurately predict the enzymatic classification for the Novozym 435-induced hydrolysis and lipase efficient catalytic synthesis. We anticipate that BEC-Pred will have a positive impact on the progression of enzymatic research.
Differences in choroidal responses to near work between myopic children and young adults
Authors: Liu Mengqi , Wang Yuanyuan , Li Haoer , Zhao Yunpeng , Ma Min , Xu Shihan , Wei Xiaohuan , Xu Ruiyan , Tian Ruikang , Zhou Xiangtian , Wu Hao
Published: April 2024

Background

Near work is generally considered as a risk factor for myopia onset and progression. This study aimed to investigate the choroidal responses to a brief-period of near work in children and young adults.

Methods

Thirty myopic medical students (aged 18–28 years) and 30 myopic children (aged 8–12 years) participated in this study. The submacular total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and choriocapillaris flow deficit (CcFD), as well as subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were measured with swept-source optical coherence tomography/optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCT/OCTA) before and immediately after 20 min, 40 min, 60 min of near work at a distance of 33 cm.

Results

In adults, 20 min of near work induced a significant reduction in SFCT (− 5.1 ± 6.5 μm), LA [(− 19.2 ± 18.6) × 103 μm2], SA [(− 8.2 ± 12.6) × 103 μm2] and TCA [(− 27.4 ± 24.9) × 103 μm2] (all P < 0.01). After 40 min of near work, LA was still reduced [(− 9.4 ± 18.3) × 103 μm2], accompanied with a decreased CVI (− 0.39% ± 0.70%) and an increased CcFD (0.30% ± 0.78%) (all P < 0.05). After 60 min of near work, CVI was still reduced (− 0.28% ± 0.59%), and CcFD was still increased (0.37% ± 0.75%) (all P < 0.05). In children, 20 min of near work induced a significant increase in CcFD (0.55% ± 0.64%), while 60 min of near work induced increases in SA [(7.2 ± 13.0) × 103 μm2] and TCA [(9.7 ± 25.3) × 103 μm2] and a reduction in CVI (− 0.28% ± 0.72%) (all P < 0.05). Children exhibited lower near work-induced LA and TCA reduction than adults, with a mean difference of − 0.86% and − 0.82%, respectively (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The temporal characteristics and magnitude of changes of choroidal vascularity and choriocapillaris perfusion during near work was not identical between children and adults. The initial response to near work was observed in choriocapillaris in children, whereas it was observed in the medium- and large-sized vessels in adults.

Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR2000040205. Registered on 25 November 2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=64501.
Retro-pancreatic pull-through reconstruction of the hypoplastic portal vein using the autologous mesosystemic shunt vessel in adult living donor liver transplantation: a case report
Authors: Sugenoya Shinsuke , Mita Atsuyoshi , Shimizu Akira , Ohno Yasunari , Kubota Koji , Masuda Yuichi , Notake Tsuyoshi , Soejima Yuji
Published: April 2024

Background

In liver transplant patients with hypoplastic portal vein (PV), when the narrowed segment is extended too deep into the dorsal side of the pancreas, it is difficult and dangerous to reconstruct the interposition graft from the upper part of the pancreas. Herein, we present a case of PV reconstruction with the autologous mesosystemic shunt vessel from the caudal side of the pancreas in a situation where the narrowed PV was deep, and we discuss the technical details.

Case presentation

A 25-year-old woman presented with cholestatic liver cirrhosis due to biliary atresia after Kasai procedure. Since her jaundice progressed, she was referred to our hospital for liver transplantation. Laboratory tests showed that her total bilirubin was elevated to 7.6 mg/dL. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score was 18, and the Child–Pugh score was 9 (Grade B). She underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using a right hemi-liver graft procured from her 54-year-old mother. The conventional approach from the cephalad side to the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and splenic vein (SpV) confluence behind the pancreas was extremely difficult in this case because the confluence of SMV and SpV was close to the lower edge of the pancreas. Therefore, we decided to perform PV reconstruction from the caudal side. The main trunk of PV was documented as narrow (5 mm in diameter), for which retro-pancreatic pull-through PV reconstruction was successfully performed using her own mesosystemic shunt vessel. A contrast computed tomography (CT) scan was performed on postoperative day 5 because of an elevation of D-dimer and found a partial thrombus in the left pulmonary artery, as well as in the PV and left renal vein. Thereafter, thrombolytic therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin was started immediately and switched to a direct oral anticoagulant. The follow-up CT taken 3 months after liver transplantation revealed a patent PV without thrombus; therefore, anticoagulant therapy was discontinued. Currently, the patient has been well and active with a patent PV without anticoagulant therapy for 3 years after LDLT.

Conclusions

Retro-pancreatic pull-through reconstruction of the hypoplastic PV is a feasible and effective method when conventional reconstruction is not indicated.
Polymer clip granuloma mimicking lymph node recurrence: a case report
Authors: Kimura Shiori , Honda Masaki , Sanmoto Yohei
Published: April 2024

Background

Foreign body granulomas are postoperative inflammatory reactions to surgical materials within the body. Traditionally, sutures have been the leading cause of foreign body granulomas in the abdomen, commonly referred to as “suture granuloma”. However, the use of polymer clips in modern surgeries has introduced new challenges, and reports of intra-abdominal foreign body granulomas caused by surgical clips are limited. Herein, we present a case of an intra-abdominal foreign body granuloma formed due to polymer clips.

Case presentation

A 45-year-old woman who underwent laparoscopic resection for sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma subsequently developed a suspected lymph node recurrence during follow-up. Imaging showed an enlarging mass adjacent to the inferior mesenteric artery with increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. Laparoscopic surgical resection revealed the formation of a foreign body granuloma in response to the polymer clips.

Conclusions

This case suggests that nonabsorbable polymer clips can induce granulomatous reactions postoperatively, and the appearance of lymph node recurrence may be foreign body granulomas.
Single-procedure 8Fr rheolytic pharmacomechanical thrombectomy for treatment of acute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Xiao Nicholas , Genet Matthew , Karry Rocio Marquez , Hohlastos Elias , Karp Jennifer , Desai Kush
Published: April 2024

Purpose

We hypothesize that single-procedure venous-specific rheolytic thrombectomy for treatment of acute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (DVT) will result in improved clinical symptoms as measured by the venous clinical severity score (VCSS), as well as durable venous patency, with decreased hemorrhagic risks and costs associated with conventional catheter-directed therapy and prolonged lytic exposure.

Materials and methods

Thirty-three consecutive patients with symptomatic, unilateral, iliofemoral DVT who were treated with single-procedure therapy using the 8Fr rheolytic thrombectomy catheter were retrospectively analyzed from 2012–2021. Abstracted data included technical success (> 95% clearance of acute thrombus), adverse events (AEs), and clinical and imaging outcomes at 1-month and 1-year.

Results

Technical success was achieved in all 33 patients. Mean pre-procedure VCSS was 7.5 with mean edema and pain sub-scores of 2.6 and 1.8, respectively. Post-procedural total mean VCSS at one month was significantly improved (mean post-procedure VCSS = 0.3, mean reduction of 7.2, P < 0.01). Clinical improvement was sustained at 1-year (mean total VCSS = 0.2, P < 0.01). Primary patency was achieved in all patients at 1-month and 30 (91%) patients at 1-year. Among the 3 patients in which primary patency was not achieved at 1-year, primary-assisted patency was achieved in 2 patients. Secondary patency was achieved in the remaining patient at 1-year. No hemorrhagic AEs occurred in this study.

Conclusion

This study suggests that single-procedure venous-specific rheolytic thrombectomy for treatment of acute iliofemoral DVT is safe and effective, resulting in durable clinical and radiographic results at one year, while also limiting hemorrhagic risks, mitigating costs of admission, and expediting patient discharge.
DNA methylation-mediated ROS production contributes to seed abortion in litchi
Authors: Xie Hanhan , Zheng Yedan , Xue Mengyue , Huang Yulian , Qian Dawei , Zhao Minglei , Li Jianguo
Published: April 2024

Although there is increasing evidence suggesting that DNA methylation regulates seed development, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to shed light on this by conducting whole-genome bisulfite sequencing using seeds from the large-seeded cultivar 'HZ' and the abortive-seeded cultivar 'NMC'. Our analysis revealed that the 'HZ' seeds exhibited a hypermethylation level compared to the 'NMC' seeds. Furthermore, we found that the genes associated with differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic pathway. To investigate this further, we conducted nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and 2,7-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) staining, which demonstrated a significantly higher amount of ROS in the 'NMC' seeds compared to the 'HZ' seeds. Moreover, we identified that the gene LcGPX6, involved in ROS scavenging, exhibited hypermethylation levels and parallelly lower expression levels in 'NMC' seeds compared to 'HZ' seeds. Interestingly, the ectopic expression of LcGPX6 in Arabidopsis enhanced ROS scavenging and resulted in lower seed production. Together, we suggest that DNA methylation-mediated ROS production plays a significant role in seed development in litchi, during which hypermethylation levels of LcGPX6 might repress its expression, resulting in the accumulation of excessive ROS and ultimately leading to seed abortion.
Nutrient depletion and heat stress impair the assimilation of nitrogen compounds in a scleractinian coral
Authors: Crehan Oscar , Davy Simon K. , Grover Renaud , Ferrier-Pagès Christine
Published: April 2024

Concentrations of dissolved nitrogen in seawater can affect the resilience of the cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis to climate change-induced bleaching. However, it is not yet known how the assimilation and translocation of the various nitrogen forms change during heat stress, nor how the symbiosis responds to nutrient depletion, which may occur due to increasing water stratification. Here, the tropical scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata, in symbiosis with dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium, was grown at different temperatures (26°C, 30°C and 34°C), before being placed in nutrient-replete or -depleted seawater for 24 h. The corals were then incubated with 13C-labelled sodium bicarbonate and different 15N-labelled nitrogen forms (ammonium, urea and dissolved free amino acids) to determine their assimilation rates. We found that nutrient depletion inhibited the assimilation of all nitrogen sources studied and that heat stress reduced the assimilation of ammonium and dissolved free amino acids. However, the host assimilated over 3-fold more urea at 30°C relative to 26°C. Overall, both moderate heat stress (30°C) and nutrient depletion individually decreased the total nitrogen assimilated by the symbiont by 66%, and combined, they decreased assimilation by 79%. This led to the symbiotic algae becoming nitrogen starved, with the C:N ratio increasing by over 3-fold at 34°C, potentially exacerbating the impacts of coral bleaching.
Antibacterial activity of Betadine (Jatropha multifida L.) stem extract on Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in vitro
Authors: Rusdy Hendry , Damanik Diah HI
Published: April 2024

Background Today, people use plants to treat various types of diseases and improve human health. One of the medicinal plants is the Betadine plant (Jatropha multifida L.). Betadine plants have many functions, especially the sap, leaves, fruit and seeds. The compound contents in Betadine stem sap, which is efficacious as an antimicrobial, are saponins, tannins, flavonoids and labaditin. One of the bacteria that cause infection is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria can cause opportunistic and nosocomial infections. Methods This study was a true experimental laboratory with a post-test only control group design. This study used Betadine stem sap extract with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, gentamicin cream 10% as positive control, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution as negative control. This study used the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method and the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was grown on nutrient agar media, then incubated for 24 hours and calculated using calipers. Research data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. Results The highest inhibition zone was group 50% (12.725 ± 0.2500 mm) while the lowest inhibition zone was group 100% (8.675 ± 0.5620 mm). Conclusions Betadine stem extract had antibacterial activity in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, with the 50% concentration being the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.
“Canada Is Where You Belong. Poland Is The Past”: Images of Polish History and Culture in Heather Kirk’s Warsaw Spring
Authors: Świetlicki Mateusz
Published: April 2024

Polish characters appear in both mainstream Canadian books and children’s literature,  but they usually function as either side characters or antagonists. The fiction of Heather Kirk is a noteworthy exception. This Canadian writer, who spent two years in Warsaw in the late 1970s working as a lecturer at the University of Warsaw, devoted her first two young adult problem novels, Warsaw Spring (2001) and A Drop of Rain (2004), to Polish Canadians and Polish history and culture. The article argues that in Warsaw Spring Kirk shows that the teenage protagonist has to experience the history and culture of the country of her ancestors before she can incorporate it into her own transcultural repository of memory. The article demonstrates how the experience of traveling to Poland and meeting with the representatives of the older generations, often survivors of the Second World War and communism, influences the formation of the protagonist’s Polish Canadian identity and cultural memory. Finally, the article shows that despite Kirk’s praiseworthy attempts to introduce young readers to Polish history, the way she portrays Poland is problematic because the country emerges as an exotic, post-Second World War heritage site of memory for Eva, a Canadian teenager whom all of the novel’s Poles seem to treat as superior.
Własność podzielona w stosunkach wiejskich Księstwa Warszawskiego i Królestwa Kongresowego (do uwłaszczenia) w świetle akt notarialnych
Authors: Pomianowski Piotr Z.
Published: April 2024

Celem artykułu jest analiza chłopskich praw do ziemi w okresie Księstwa Warszawskiego i Królestwa Kongresowego (do uwłaszczenia). W centrum zainteresowania znajduje się własność podzielona. Ta instytucja o średniowiecznej genezie przewiduje rozdzielenie atrybutów prawa własności pomiędzy właściciela zwierzchniego (np. dziedzica dóbr ziemskich) a właściciela podległego (np. chłopa uprawiającego nadział ziemi w dobrach ziemskich). Status prawny właściciela podległego od statusy dzierżawcy (itp.) odróżnia rzeczowy charakter jego uprawnień.

Problem istnienia własności podległej na wsi Księstwa Warszawskiego (po dekrecie grudniowym) i Królestwa Kongresowego (zwłaszcza przed ukazem czerwcowym) bywał w przeszłości przedmiotem kontrowersji. Zwłaszcza historiografia Polski Ludowej kwestionowała istnienie tej instytucji w interesującym nas okresie. Autor niniejszego artykułu wykazuje, że własność podzielona funkcjonowała w znacznej skali w pierwszej połowie XIX w. na centralnych ziemiach polskich, choć precyzyjne określenie tej skali na obecnym etapie badań nie jest możliwe.
Elita majątkowa Warszawy lat siedemdziesiątych XX wieku
Authors: Wroński Marcin
Published: April 2024

Na podstawie źródeł administracyjnych z poboru jednorazowego podatku majątkowego w 1974 r. zidentyfikowano najbogatszych mieszkańców Warszawy. Wartość ich majątków była mniejsza niż w wypadku elit II i III Rzeczypospolitej, jednakże również w Polsce Ludowej można było zgromadzić majątek imponującej wartości, przekraczającej trzydziestokrotność rocznych zarobków pracownika zarabiającego przeciętne wynagrodzenie. Cechą wspólną większości najbogatszych podatników jest miejsce zamieszkania – Stary Żoliborz i jego okolice oraz przynależność do inteligencji. Wśród najbogatszych szczególnie silna jest reprezentacja ludzi kultury oraz nauki. Stratyfikacja majątkowa społeczeństwa w dobie realnego socjalizmu była zasadniczo odmienna niż w gospodarce rynkowej.
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Transformational Leadership for the Development of Innovation Capabilities
Authors: Bedoya Mauricio Antonio , Pérez-Sanchéz Elkin , Zapata Cesar , Baier-Fuentes Hugo , Hernandez-Sanchez Blanca
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This paper aims to analyse the impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) through the relationship of transformational leadership (TL) for the development of dynamic capabilities (DC) for organisational innovation.
Methodology/Approach: Under a qualitative method, and a single case study strategy, data were obtained from interviews with 15 senior managers and leaders of innovation activities; the document review and data triangulation method was used to analyse causality relations proposed in the theoretical framework.
Findings: The empirical results confirm that the EO and TL have a positive relationship with the development of innovation capabilities. Findings indicate that risk-taking, proactiveness, assimilation, and exploitation of internal and external knowledge remain the main difficulties in improving innovation capabilities and adaptability in the technological environment.
Research Limitation/implication: The present paper gathered data from a specific organisation in the field of EO. The research allowed us to better understand the incidence of EO, TL, and DC  regarding the relationship between variables, and it should be considered a potential source for enhancing innovation management capabilities.
Originality/Value of paper: This work is the first that integrates the concepts of EO with other related disciplines into a single case strategy, within a specific entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem context in a large automotive industry.
An Excellence Model Case Study Assessing the Gap in Managers' Views by Hierarchical Clustering
Authors: Střeleček Jan , Stieberová Barbora , Kalender Zeynep Tugce , Žilka Miroslav
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This paper highlights the importance of business excellence models for SMEs and compares results from different model versions and managerial perspectives.
Methodology/Approach: In an SME case study, three EFQM versions were applied (START, START PLUS (both based on EFQM 2013) and EFQM 2020) to make a comparative analysis of evaluation results. It utilises hierarchical clustering to gauge managerial agreement and examines the shift from EFQM 2013 to EFQM 2020.
Findings: The paper presents comparative results, emphasising differences in evaluations. These results underscore the robustness of EFQM model versions and the significance of assessing managerial perspectives.
Research Limitation/implication: Similar analysis can be conducted for a large number of companies in order to make a comprehensive statistical comparison. Also, it could be useful to examine the differences among different branches of industry if there are any.
Originality/Value of paper: It is believed that this study will contribute to the existing literature by presenting the case study implementation of the excellence models in an SME. A conducted case study increases originality in a value-added way by using managerial views’ evaluations.
Collaboration with Triple Helix: The Mediating Effect of Mass Media in Expanding SMEs' Information Access
Authors: Noya Sunday , Taneo Stefanus Yufra M. , Melany Melany , Widyaningrum Santi
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The study explores how collaboration among SMEs with the Triple Helix innovation ecosystem impacts their information access and performance. It also examines the mediating role of mass media.
Methodology/Approach: Data were collected from 545 SME managers and owners in Malang, Indonesia. SEM-PLS was used to analyse the data to examine the relationship of four latent variables: SME collaboration (COL), information access (IA), SME performance (SP), and collaboration with mass media (MM).
Findings: The study proves the pivotal role of SME collaboration with the triple helix ecosystem to improve SME information access and performance. It is also underscoring the considerable significance of mass media mediating roles.
Research Limitation/implication: The study demonstrates that SMEs can improve information acquisition through collaborations with the government, universities, and major corporations. It proposes expanding the 'triple helix' model to include mass media, thus enhancing SME development by augmenting information access capabilities alongside government, universities, and industry.
Originality/Value of paper: The study adds to the existing research on the triple helix innovation ecosystem by exploring how additional elements, beyond government, universities, and industries, collaborate to support SME development, suggesting the inclusion of mass media to create a quadruple helix ecosystem.
MT Method for Anomaly Detection and Classification using EM-λ Algorithm
Authors: Tateishi Katsuhiko , Iwamoto Hiroki , Eguchi Shinto , Nagata Yasushi
Published: March 2024

Purpose: In this paper, we propose a method to classify and detect normal, known anomalies, and unknown anomalies by combining the expectation–maximisation (EM-λ) algorithm and the Mahalanobis–Taguchi (MT) method.
Methodology/Approach: The proposed method learns normal data that are expected to be homogeneous and known abnormal data and performs classification and detection by parameter estimation using the EM-λ algorithm. Conventional methods perform analysis based on parameter estimation using the EM algorithm. However, the EM algorithm can degrade classification accuracy if it does not assume that the data fits the model's generative process.
Findings: We verify the performance of the proposed method using artificially generated data and real-world bean data for classification as data that do not satisfy this assumption. The validation results show up to 6% improvement over the conventional method in classification accuracy and unknown anomaly discrimination accuracy.
Research Limitation/implication: We try various patterns for the parameter of the proposed method in the verification. However, this way is computationally expensive.
Originality/Value of paper: Conventional methods perform analysis based on parameter estimation using the EM algorithm. Our proposal method seeks to improve accuracy by using the EM-λ algorithm for parameter estimation, which is expected to improve classification accuracy when the data do not conform to the generative assumptions of the EM algorithm's model.
An Exploration of Organisational Readiness for Industry 4.0: A Predictive Maintenance Perspective
Authors: Maletič Damjan , Maletič Matjaž
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to examine the extent to which selected Slovenian companies are prepared to integrate the complex requirements of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) into their asset management practices, using the specific example of predictive maintenance.
Methodology/Approach: A research study was conducted on a sample of Slovenian manufacturing companies. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire to investigate the extent to which companies are engaged with new technologies and their current and future focus on their use in predictive maintenance.
Findings: The analysis of the empirical data shows that companies are aware of the benefits that can be achieved with I4.0 solutions. The results also show that the companies surveyed lack a clear vision and implementation roadmap for I4.0. The results also show that the majority of companies in the sample are still at an early stage of predictive maintenance strategy maturity.
Research Limitation/implication: The sample of responding companies is limited to the Slovenian manufacturing industry, and the subjective information comes from only one representative person in each company.
Originality/Value of paper: The paper is one of the first studies to highlight digitalisation and predictive maintenance in the context of I4.0.
Teachers’ Views on the Integration of Information and Communication Technology in the Teaching of Slovene (First Language) in Primary School
Authors: Petek Tomaž , Prelovec Nika
Published: April 2024

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) brings modern learning approaches, forms and methods to education, and with them new opportunities for learning and teaching. The use of ICT in the classroom motivates students, enables them to participate, provides individualisation and differentiation, interactivity, and encourages creativity and critical thinking. Teachers play a very important role in this, as they are the ones who can provide students with a stimulating learning environment, including through the use of ICT. As Slovene (first language) is the subject with the most teaching hours in public primary schools in the Republic of Slovenia, we conducted an empirical study on the views of general and subject teachers of Slovene (N = 190) on the integration of information and communication technology in teaching. Teachers’ opinions were investigated through quantitative research. We found that teachers frequently use ICT in Slovene lessons, namely for repeating and consolidating learning material and for presenting new learning material, and that ICT is used most often in frontal forms of learning. Teachers mostly use LCD projectors, computers, interactive whiteboards, e-workbooks, audio recordings and videos. We also found that teachers are moderately satisfied with the available ICT equipment and e-materials, and that they feel moderately competent when it comes to using ICT in Slovene lessons. Teachers also used ICT during the COVID-19 epidemic. We also found that there are no statistically significant differences in the use of ICT between teachers teaching Slovene according to their teaching level, age and years of service.
Formulation and evaluation of saponin based alcohol - free polyherbal hand sanitizer
Authors:   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, M.S Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, MSR Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560054, India, Rathore Tanisha , M Vidya ,   Project Manager, Proiuvo Private Limited, Bengaluru,-, Karnataka -560048, India, Shekar Sanjana C ,   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, M.S Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, MSR Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bengaluru,-, Karnataka-560054, India, Govindraj Rubalakshmi ,   Principal Scientist and Head, GRD Bio Clinical Research, Tamilnadu, India
Published: April 2024

Sanitization is essential in limiting the spread of infectious diseases. Alcohol based sanitizer formulations consists of toxic compounds which are harmful to human health and not environmental friendly. The purpose of the present research is to formulate a bio-derived alcohol free hand sanitizer. Saponins are secondary metabolites that are stored in the roots of many plant species, where they may act as antimicrobial phytoprotectants. Saponins were extracted by Soxhlet extractor using methanol as solvent. Saponins were tested for their individual and synergetic antimicrobial (Agar plate diffusion method) and anti-oxidant (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay) activity. Polyherbal sanitizer was formulated using saponin as the main ingredient. It was evaluated for its physical parameters and antimicrobial properties. The synergistic effect of saponins was higher when compared to the individual saponins’ antimicrobial activity. The formulated polyherbal sanitizer evinced acceptable organoleptic properties with slightly acidic pH and demonstrated antimicrobial properties against selected microorganisms with maximum activity against Staphylococcus aureus (concentration =100µl, zone of inhibition diameter =24±1 mm). The antimicrobial efficacy of the formulated sanitizer was comparable to that of a commercially available hand sanitizer.
Molecular characterization and identification of African Swine Fever virus isolates from emerging cases of infection in Central Luzon, Philippines
Authors:   Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Science and Medicine Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, Garcia Gemerlyn G. , Munar Madison ,   Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, Salinas Marvin Bryan ,   Department of Morphophysiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Science and Medicine Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, Gregorio Gener D. ,   Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Science and Medicine Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, Mananggit Milagros R. ,   Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Region 3, Department of Agriculture, Tarlac City, Tarlac, Philippines
Published: April 2024

A study that evaluated the molecular characteristics to confirm the identity of the African Swine Fever (ASF) pathogen from emerging cases of infection in Central Luzon, Philippines was initiated. The study involved the collection of 125 blood samples from pigs during the four-month duration of the study when clinical signs of ASF was prevalent in the four out of seven provinces of Central Luzon, Philippines. This work included the amplification of the p72 gene in DNA samples through PCR and confirmation of the identity of the ASF pathogen through DNA sequencing. The DNA sequences of the p72 gene of the ASF pathogen are made up of 412 nucleotides and used as a basis in identifying the Philippine ASF pathogens as ASF virus PH/CL 4/2022, ASF virus PH/CL 3/2022, ASF virus PH/CL 2/2022 and ASF virus PH/CL 1/2022. Philippines ASF virus isolates showed 100% sequence similarity with sequences reported from Malaysia ASF isolate MVZT218/2021, Vietnam ASF isolate D/ASFV/VN/DN-VC/2019, and India ASF isolate ASF/MZ/IND/3 based on BLASTN homology search in the NCBI database. The results of the study revealed close phylogenetic relationships among ASF isolates from Vietnam, Malaysia, India and the Philippines.
Cryopreservation of goat spermatozoa in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam: evaluating cryoprotectant effectiveness
Authors:   Stem cell Laboratory, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam, Tran Thi Thanh Khuong , Nguyen Lam Khanh Duy ,   Stem cell Laboratory, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam, Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan ,   Stem cell Laboratory, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam, Tran Van Be Nam ,   Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam, Duong Nguyen Duy Tuyen ,   IVF My Duc Unit, Phuong Chi Hospital, Binh Duong City 820000, Vietnam, Thanh Lam Phuoc ,   Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho city 900000, Vietnam
Published: April 2024

Conserving and improving the quality of breeds is crucial for enhancing small ruminant production in Vietnam. To support this purpose, cryopreservation was offered as a promising method for semen preservation and maintaining genetic diversity. Moreover, many small-scale farmers in Mekong Delta rely on goats for both income and nutrition, making them an important part of farming activities. This study aimed to develop a sperm cryopreservation protocol and identify the optimal cryoprotectant for goat sperm in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Semen samples were diluted with TCG-EggYolk freezing medium containing cryoprotectant agent (CPA) in a 1:1 ratio. The samples were then placed in 0.5 mL French straws, cooled to 15 °C and 5 °C, and subjected to nitrogen vapor before being immersed in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C. Experiment 1 utilized Glycerol as the CPA in concentrations of 0 %, 5 %, 8 %, and 11 %. Experiment 2 employed dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the CPA with the same concentrations. Thawed samples were evaluated for sperm quality. Results indicated that in Experiment 1, increasing the Glycerol concentration improved the overall motility, viability, and membrane integrity of sperm. The best outcomes were achieved with 8 % Glycerol, resulting in progressive motility of 57.5 % (P<0.05). In Experiment 2, the extender containing 8 % DMSO demonstrated significantly better performance in terms of overall motility, viability, and membrane integrity compared to 5 % or 11 % DMSO. Progressive motility was 53.5 % (P<0.05). In conclusion, the study determined that using 8 % Glycerol or 8 % DMSO is the optimal choice for freezing goat sperm in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.