bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Library Markers Space in Academic and Public Libraries
Authors: Alonge Ayodele John
Published: August 2019

This chapter examines the library markers space in academic and public libraries. These spaces are specifically designed to meet the unexpressed needs of library users and to influence them to profitably engage in the library by creating physical or digital objects, which are open for the free use of all library users. Library makers space enables graphic arts, web design, and animation, and assists students in their projects that involve digital images. Nevertheless, factors such as lack of technical skills, inadequate power supply, and lack of trained manpower distort the application of library markers space in academic and public libraries.
Utilization of Smartphones for Retrieving Research Information Resources in Libraries by Undergraduates
Authors: Aba Jane Igie , Makinde Theresa Osasu
Published: August 2019

This chapter examined the utilization of smart phones for retrieving research information resources in libraries by undergraduates. The study covers awareness, utilization, benefits, effects, and constraints that affect smart phones for retrieving research information resources by undergraduates. These concepts generally implied that awareness facilitates interest for use. It was concluded that smartphones were used by undergraduate students to retrieve research information resources, and this had positive impact on research out of students will produce positive impact on academic performance of students. It was recommended among others that efforts should be made by the university to inculcate mobile teaching and learning curriculum in to the school syllabuses at the various levels, and library staff, lecturers, and university staff generally should be sensitized and trained in the use of mobile devices for teaching and learning.
Application of Mobile Technologies in Library Service Delivery
Authors: Obinyan Oluwatoyin Oyeyemi
Published: August 2019

With the rapid advancement in technology in the last two decades, mainly because of the advent of the internet, the world no longer works the same. The advent of wireless networks and more recently mobile devices such as smart phones, tablets, etc. following the internet, contributed a lot their applicability in library's operations. As contained in extant literature, mobile devices have become a very important part of communication not only for telephone service users but also for the internet users. The two main reasons behind success of mobile technology is the benefits such as mobility and ubiquity served by mobile devices. To this end, the chapter explores the application of mobile technology on service delivery in libraries, the advantages and disadvantages. Also highlighted were the skills required by the librarians in incorporating mobile technologies to library services.
Glycolipid Stimulation of Invariant NKT Cells Expands a Unique Tissue-Resident Population of Precursors to Mature NK Cells Endowed with Oncolytic and Antimetastatic Properties
Authors: Choi Joshua , Rudak Patrick T. , Lesage Sylvie , Haeryfar S. M. Mansour
Published: August 2019

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that recognize and respond to glycolipid Ags such as α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). This unique property has been exploited in clinical trials for multiple malignancies. While investigating mouse iNKT cell responses to α-GalCer in vivo, we found a dramatically enlarged tissue-resident population surprisingly coexpressing select dendritic cell, NK cell, and B cell markers. Further phenotypic and functional analyses revealed the identity of this B220+CD11c+MHC class II+NK1.1+ population as precursors to mature NK (pre-mNK) cells, which also expressed high levels of proliferation and tissue retention markers but diminished sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, a receptor that facilitates tissue trafficking. Accordingly, FTY720, a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 antagonist, failed to prevent pre-mNK cells’ intrahepatic accumulation. We found iNKT cell–driven expansion of pre-mNK cells to be dependent on IL-12 and IL-18. Although α-GalCer–transactivated pre-mNK cells lost their capacity to process a model tumor Ag, they selectively expressed granzyme A and directly lysed YAC-1 thymoma cells through granule exocytosis. They also contributed to β2 microglobulin–deficient target cell destruction in vivo. Therefore, α-GalCer treatment skewed pre-mNK cell responses away from an APC-like phenotype and toward killer cell–like functions. Finally, the ability of α-GalCer to reduce the pulmonary metastatic burden of B16-F10 mouse melanoma was partially reversed by in vivo depletion of pre-mNK cells. To our knowledge, our findings shed new light on iNKT cells’ mechanism of action and glycolipid-based immunotherapies. Therefore, we introduce pre-mNK cells as a novel downstream effector cell type whose anticancer properties may have been overlooked in previous investigations.
Interplay between Affinity and Valency in Effector Cell Degranulation: A Model System with Polcalcin Allergens and Human Patient–Derived IgE Antibodies
Authors: Bucaite Gintare , Kang-Pettinger Tara , Moreira Jorge , Gould Hannah J. , James Louisa K. , Sutton Brian J. , McDonnell James M.
Published: August 2019

An allergic reaction is rapidly generated when allergens bind and cross-link IgE bound to its receptor FcεRI on effector cells, resulting in cell degranulation and release of proinflammatory mediators. The extent of effector cell activation is linked to allergen affinity, oligomeric state, valency, and spacing of IgE-binding epitopes on the allergen. Whereas most of these observations come from studies using synthetic allergens, in this study we have used Timothy grass pollen allergen Phl p 7 and birch pollen allergen Bet v 4 to study these effects. Despite the high homology of these polcalcin family allergens, Phl p 7 and Bet v 4 display different binding characteristics toward two human patient–derived polcalcin-specific IgE Abs. We have used native polcalcin dimers and engineered multimeric allergens to test the effects of affinity and oligomeric state on IgE binding and effector cell activation. Our results indicate that polcalcin multimers are required to stimulate high levels of effector cell degranulation when using the humanized RBL-SX38 cell model and that multivalency can overcome the need for high-affinity interactions.
Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of antibiotic use and resistance among patients in South Africa: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Farley Elise , Van den Bergh Dena , Coetzee Renier , Stewart Annemie , Boyles Tom
Published: August 2019

Background: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a global health crisis. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to describe South African patients’ (n = 782) ABR knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP), differences in KAP between public (n = 379, 48%) and private (n = 403, 52%) practice respondents and associations between attitudes, perceptions and knowledge scores.Methods: Knowledge scores (15 questions) were placed into low (0% – 53%) and high ( 54%) categories (below and above overall mean). Comparisons were conducted using chi-squared and t-tests.Results: Of all respondents, 72% believed it was the human body that becomes resistant to antibiotics, 66% stated that antibiotics are good for treating viruses and 25% of patients believed that people should be given antibiotics on demand. Mean knowledge scores were lower in public sector respondents (public 45%, s.d. 15%; private 60%, s.d. 30%; p ≤ 0.001). Public practice patients with high knowledge scores were more likely to report both negative KAP (antibiotic prescriptions justify doctors’ visits, scientists will discover new antibiotics) and protective KAP (finishing a course of antibiotics, antibiotics do not treat all illnesses). Private practice patients with high knowledge scores were marginally less likely to report negative KAP (wanting antibiotics after long illnesses or when very sick) and more likely to report protective KAP (antibiotics have side effects and are a strong treatment).Conclusion: Our study shows differences in KAP by practice type and that greater knowledge increases the likelihood of protective attitudes, perceptions and behaviours.
Family dermatology life quality index in patients with pemphigus vulgaris: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sajedianfard Sarvin , Handjani Farhad , Saki Nasrin , Heiran Alireza
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims:

Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune intraepidermal vesiculobullous disease involving the skin and mucosa. It impacts the quality of life of both patients and their families.

Methods:

A total of 70 patients with pemphigus vulgaris (either outpatient or hospitalized) were enrolled using the simple sampling method between 2016 and 2017 from the dermatology clinic at Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. A validated Persian version of the Family Dermatology Life Quality Index (FLDQI) questionnaire was filled by a family caregiver. The questionnaire contained 10 items assessing the quality of life of the family. Demographic variables were recorded in a separate form.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 51 ± 11.3 years and that of the family caregivers was 32 ± 8.8 years. The FLDQI score was higher (poorer quality of life) if the patient was male, older, had shorter disease duration or had fewer disease recurrences (P = 0.046, 0.01, 0.001 and >0.001, respectively). Higher scores were also obtained in the less-educated caregivers (P = 0.026) but there was no association with either gender or age (P = 0.399, 0.1).

Conclusion:

Pemphigus vulgaris significantly affects the Family Dermatology Life Quality Index. Education and counseling of family caregivers by various support groups such as Pemphigus Family Associations could be effective in improving the quality of life of the caregivers.

Limitations:

This study did not assess the effect of comprising domain analysis, severity of disease, patients’ Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), mucosal involvement, response to treatment, outpatient or admitted status, socioeconomic status, or the quality of life among the various family members.
Los cuerpos de agua, como procesos de resistencia
Authors: Martínez Páez Laura Melina , Porras Camacho Paola
Published: August 2019

En Colombia, diversas comunidades articulan sus saberes y sentires desde los cuerpos de agua. En el Magdalena Medio, la organización de Pescadores y Acuicultores del Llanito (APALL), durante más de dos décadas ha navegado y resistido a la degradación de su ecosistema cenagoso. Durante años, la ciénaga ha sido un punto estratégico para la acción de grupos armados al margen de la ley. Esto configura una relación de poder, dominación y explotación del territorio. APALL genera procesos de resistencia a través de actos comunicativos que relatan las conexiones profundas y las sensibilidades que establecen los pescadores con la ciénaga. En esa medida, la interacción con el territorio no se reduce a reconocerlo como un entorno, lugar, o recurso, sino como un otro con el que se comparte una conexión, y se consolida como estructurante de sus narrativas, colectividades y saberes productivos. Este artículo de investigación le apuesta a la visibilización y reconocimiento del ejercicio de resistencia que realiza la Asociación de Pescadores y Acuicultores del Llanito (APALL) en pro de la defensa de la Ciénaga del Llanito ubicada en Santander (COL) a través del empoderamiento de sus cosmovisiones.
Educação em ciências como campo político: Disputas atuais por projetos curriculares
Authors: Rezende Flavia
Published: August 2019

Educação em ciências como campo político: Disputas atuais por projetos curriculares
Aprendizagem de Astronomia em grupos do Facebook
Authors: Arruda Sergio De Mello , Zapparoli Ferdinando Vinicius Domenes , Passos Marinez Meneghello
Published: August 2019

Neste artigo trazemos os resultados de uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo analisar a aprendizagem da Astronomia em grupos do Facebook. Foram analisados posts de três grupos de Astronomia Amadora da referida rede, representados por nove diálogos, com o intuito de caracterizar as ações virtuais realizadas por seus membros durante a troca de mensagens. Foram identificadas 225 ações virtuais, acomodadas em 22 categorias de ação, separadas em ações do tipo pessoal e técnica. As ações mais representativas foram: elogia foto; informa; explica; comenta; expressa opinião; faz pergunta; fornece dados; posta link. Com base nos Focos da Aprendizagem Científica (FAC) foi possível verificar indícios de aprendizagem de Astronomia relacionados aos focos: conhecimento, prática, reflexão e comunidade. Sobre os dois focos que não tiveram incidência nos diálogos – o interesse e a identidade – pudemos demonstrar, por meio de dados complementares (entrevistas), que existem indícios sobre a existência dos mesmos em membros mais experientes dos grupos. Podemos concluir que, de fato, as redes sociais, em particular, o Facebook, podem dar suporte a comunidades de aprendizagem, cujos membros partilham de interesses comuns sobre um determinado assunto, ou seja, os grupos de Astronomia Amadora podem ser considerados como ambientes de aprendizagem informal e ao longo da vida.
Nanociência e Nanotecnologia: uma revisão bibliográfica acerca das contribuições e desafios para o ensino de Física
Authors: Tonet Michele Duarte , Leonel André Ary
Published: August 2019

Nanotecnologia é uma área da ciência que foi reconhecida a menos de um século atrás, contudo, as pesquisas e avanços tecnológicos nessa área foram colossais, representando, hoje, um dos temas de maior interesse no mundo e contribuindo significativamente para o progresso científico em várias áreas do conhecimento. Neste contexto, torna-se importante adquirir uma ampla visão acerca dos principais enfoques expostos pelos trabalhos científicos que abordam o tema: ensino de “Nanociência e Nanotecnologia” no Brasil. Assim sendo, esta pesquisa tem como principal objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica de modo a analisar as principais contribuições e desafios atribuídos à abordagem do tema “Nanociência e Nanotecnologia” no ensino de Física. Para isso, foram analisados trabalhos publicados entre os anos de 2008 e 2017 nos três eventos nacionais mais expoentes na área de ensino de Física, a saber: Simpósio Nacional de Ensino de Física (SNEF), Encontro de Pesquisa em Ensino de Física (EPEF), e Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciência (ENPEC). A análise dos artigos selecionados mostra um cenário em desenvolvimento, mas ainda precário no ensino do tema, tanto no nível básico como no superior. Os artigos apontam majoritariamente para a desatualização dos currículos, falta de suporte aos professores, e escassez de materiais didáticos de qualidade, que abordem as questões sociais, éticas, políticas e econômicas intrínsecas ao tema. Contudo, nos últimos anos, este cenário começou a ser modificado, cada dia mais pesquisas e materiais vêm sendo desenvolvidos, tornando a abordagem do tema em sala de aula mais efetiva e acessível aos professores.
Uma montagem de câmara de nuvens por difusão para museus de ciências e laboratórios didáticos
Authors: Silva Osmar Henrique Moura , Laburú Carlos Eduardo
Published: August 2019

Câmaras de nuvens são interessantes experimentos onde se evidenciam traços produzidos por partículas subatômicas. Na versão de difusão para fins educacionais e demonstrativos, a necessária refrigeração da parte inferior da câmara tem sido popularmente estabelecida com o uso de gelo seco, nitrogênio líquido ou dispositivos termoelétricos (pastilhas Peltier). Este trabalho sugere uma proposta diferenciada de montagem, de custo relativamente baixo, cujo sistema de refrigeração por ciclo de compressão se mostra vantajoso nos seguintes aspectos: ampla área de observação de traços; automatização da refrigeração sem manutenção; duração das demonstrações por horas. Tal proposta de câmara é conveniente para exposição em ambientes de educação não formal, como museus de ciências e similares, procurando, nesse sentido, contribuir ao levar em conta os altos valores de câmaras de nuvens comercializadas com essas características. A proposta pode ser também aproveitada em laboratórios didáticos de universidades e demais interessados.
Percepções dos professores sobre o uso do software Modellus em uma experiência de modelagem
Authors: Neide Italo Gabriel , Maman Andréia Spessatto , Dullius Maria Madalena , Bergmann Adriana Belmonte , Quartieri Marli Teresinha
Published: August 2019

Esta pesquisa de carácter qualitativo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados obtidos em relação à utilização de uma modelagem computacional com o software Modellus num curso de formação continuada para professores da Educação Básica. O curso envolveu doze professores com formação nas áreas de Física, de Matemática e de Ciências Exatas, sendo que uma parte da formação foi destinada para o desenvolvimento de atividades de modelagem computacional envolvendo situações de cinemática, em especial o Movimento Retilíneo Uniforme (MRU). A fundamentação está embasada na modelagem computacional sob a luz de um ensino científico, em que se procura aproximar a forma que se faz ciência com a sala de aula. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho apontam que de forma geral, a modelagem pode vir a potencializar a construção de aprendizagem do aluno. Em síntese surgiram três resultados relevantes. No curso de formação continuada foi observado que o compartilhamento de experiências de professores que desenvolveram atividades com recursos tecnológicos em sala de aula contribuiu com os professores que ainda não haviam utilizado a se sentirem mais seguros e confiantes, encorajaram os demais a trabalhar nas suas salas de aula atividades com recursos tecnológicos, bem como ao desenvolvimento de trabalhos conjuntos com seus pares durante a formação. Dois professores desenvolveram as atividades do Modellus em suas salas de aula, e apontaram a motivação, a visualização, as representações múltiplas e as aproximações da física com a matemática como principais diferenças quando comparadas com a forma tradicional que faziam. Por último, vale ressaltar as dificuldades técnicas enfrentadas pelos professores: falta de computadores, dificuldade para reservar o laboratório de informática, computadores antigos e internet lenta.
Inspirações freirianas e Educação Física escolar: a organização do currículo em uma comunidade de aprendizagem brasileira
Authors: Nogueira Valdilene Aline , Maldonado Daniel Teixeira , Silva Sheila Aparecida Pereira dos Santos , Neira Marcos Garcia
Published: August 2019

Paulo Freire é um autor que influencia educadores/as progressistas nos mais diversos espaços, como as Comunidades de Aprendizagem (CA), que começam a surgir e a se destacar no Brasil e na América do Sul. Objetivamos entender como a obra freiriana foi interpretada na construção do currículo de Educação Física (EF) de uma CA com o intuito de refletir a respeito de possíveis aproximações entre esse ideário e as bases filosófico/pedagógicas do componente curricular. O método consistiu em analisar e interpretar o referencial teórico do documento curricular da CA buscando identificar ideias freirianas presentes nele. O resultado da análise mostra que o currículo da EF visa ao desenvolvimento de senso crítico dos/das estudantes a partir da interpretação da cultura corporal de movimento e que existe a ideia de que é importante ser fisicamente ativo para efetivar uma postura cidadã na sociedade.
Efeito do exercício físico sobre a cinemática da marcha em pessoas com síndrome de down – uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Modesto Everaldo Lambert , Greguol Márcia
Published: August 2019

Pessoas com síndrome de Down (SD) apresentam problemas na marcha desde infância até a fase adulta. Objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura abordando o efeito do exercício físico controlado sobre a cinemática da marcha em pessoas SD. A busca na literatura ocorreu em oito bases de dados eletrônicas. Foram selecionados e verificados a análise de qualidade (k= 0,92) de dez estudos. Assim, detectou-se escassez de pesquisas relativas aos efeitos de programas de treinamento controlado sobre a cinemática da marcha na população sindrômica. Verificou-se maior participação de indivíduos do sexo masculino (37%) em comparação ao feminino (27,3%), e ainda 60% das pesquisas direcionadas a população sindrômica nesse estudo diz respeito a lactentes com utilização de protocolos de treinamento aeróbio. Os resultados apontaram benefícios de programas controlados de exercício físico modificando favoravelmente a Cinemática da marcha dos indivíduos com SD, em especial nos dois primeiros anos de vida.
A base nacional comum curricular e seus desdobramentos para a Educação Física
Authors: Souza Adriano Lopes de , Santos Wagner Dos , Ferreira Neto Amarílio , Souza Adrielle Lopes de , Tavares Otávio
Published: August 2019

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de construção da Base Nacional Comum Curricular, bem como a forma como ela está estruturada, dando centralidade às interfaces com a Educação Física na área de Linguagens. Metodologicamente, adotamos um delineamento qualitativo de tipo descritivo/exploratório, recorrendo à pesquisa documental como técnica para a nossa coleta e análise de dados. Constata-se que a sua suposta construção democrática é controversa e que o manuscrito ressente de uma maior integração curricular, expressa tanto na desarticulação entre as etapas da escolarização, quanto no trabalho de interdisciplinaridade entre os componentes curriculares. Constata-se, ainda, que a Educação Física carece de um maior aprofundamento capaz de justificá-la na área em que está inserida
Adaptive Filtration of Parameters of the UAV Movement Based on the TDOA-Measurement Sensor Networks
Authors: Tovkach Igor Olegovych , Zhuk Sergey Yakovych
Published: August 2019

In modern conditions unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) generate new classes of threats, including their use for terrorist purposes. A feature of modern UAVs is the ability to perform sudden maneuvers and to keep the same position in the point in space. For the description of the UAV movement with various types of maneuver it is used a rectangular coordinate system. We use the model in the form of stochastic dynamic system with random structure in the discrete time in which the change type UAV movement occurs at random times. When a UAV emits a sign, its location can be determined by wireless sensor networks (WSN) using the TDOA method. On the basis of a mathematical apparatus of the mixed Markov processes for in discrete time optimal and quasi-optimal adaptive algorithms for filtration of UAV movement parameters based on the TDOA-measurement, sensor networks are synthesized. Devices that realize these algorithms are multichannel and belong to the class of devices with feedback between channels. At the same time, in a quasi-optimal algorithm, a sequential procedure of the arriving measurements from sensors of a sensor network is realized, which allows to avoid the inversion of large-dimensional matrices. An analysis of the quasi-optimal adaptive algorithm is performed using statistical modeling. On the intervals of hovering and of the UAV movements without maneuver, the developed algorithm allows to increase significantly the accuracy of the estimation of the UAV coordinates, and also to recognize various types of its movement with high probability level.
Specifying the light-absorbing properties of aerosol particles in fresh snow samples, collected at the Environmental Research Station Schneefernerhaus (UFS), Zugspitze
Authors: Schnaiter Martin , Linke Claudia , Ibrahim Inas , Kiselev Alexei , Waitz Fritz , Leisner Thomas , Norra Stefan , Rehm Till
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles like mineral dust, volcanic ash and combustion
particles can reduce Earth's snow and ice albedo considerably even by very
small amounts of deposited particle mass. In this study, a new laboratory
method is applied to measure the spectral light absorption coefficient of
airborne particles that are released from fresh snow samples by an efficient
nebulizing system. Three-wavelength photoacoustic absorption spectroscopy is
combined with refractory black carbon (BC) mass analysis to determine the
snow mass-specific and BC mass-specific absorption cross sections.
Fullerene soot in water suspensions are used for the characterization of the
method and for the determination of the mass-specific absorption cross
section of this BC reference material. The analysis of 31 snow samples
collected after fresh snowfall events at a high-altitude Alpine research
station reveals a significant discrepancy between the measured snow mass-specific absorption cross section and the cross section that is expected
from the BC mass data, indicating that non-BC light-absorbing particles are
present in the snow. Mineral dust and brown carbon (BrC) are identified as
possible candidates for the non-BC particle mass based on the wavelength
dependence of the measured absorption. For one sample this result is
confirmed by environmental scanning electron microscopy and by single-particle fluorescence measurements, which both indicate a high fraction of
biogenic and organic particle mass in the sample.
Using ship-borne observations of methane isotopic ratio in the Arctic Ocean to understand methane sources in the Arctic
Authors: Berchet Antoine , Pison Isabelle , Crill Patrick M. , Thornton Brett , Bousquet Philippe , Thonat Thibaud , Hocking Thomas , Thanwerdas Joël , Paris Jean-Daniel , Saunois Marielle
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Due to the large variety and heterogeneity of sources in remote areas hard to document, the Arctic regional methane budget remain very uncertain. In situ campaigns provide valuable data sets to reduce these uncertainties. Here we analyse data from the SWERUS-C3 campaign, on-board the icebreaker Oden, that took place during summer 2014 in the Arctic Ocean along the Northern Siberian and Alaskan shores. Total concentrations of methane, as well as isotopic ratios were measured continuously during this campaign for 35 days in July and August 2014. Using a chemistry-transport model, we link observed concentrations and isotopic ratios to regional emissions and hemispheric transport structures. A simple inversion system helped constraining source signatures from wetlands in Siberia and Alaska and oceanic sources, as well as the isotopic composition of lower stratosphere air masses. The variation in the signature of low stratosphere air masses, due to strongly fractionating chemical reactions in the stratosphere, was suggested to explain a large share of the observed variability in isotopic ratios. These points at required efforts to better simulate large scale transport and chemistry patterns to use isotopic data in remote areas. It is found that constant and homogeneous source signatures for each type of emission in the region (mostly wetlands and oil and gas industry) is not compatible with the strong synoptic isotopic signal observed in the Arctic. A regional gradient in source signatures is highlighted between Siberian and Alaskan wetlands, the later ones having a lighter signatures than the first ones. Arctic continental shelf sources are suggested to be a mixture of methane from a dominant thermogenic origin and a secondary biogenic one, consistent with previous in-situ isotopic analysis of seepage along the Siberian shores.
Radiance-based retrieval bias mitigation for the MOPITT instrument: the version 8 product
Authors: Deeter Merritt N. , Edwards David P. , Francis Gene L. , Gille John C. , Mao Debbie , Martínez-Alonso Sara , Worden Helen M. , Ziskin Dan , Andreae Meinrat O.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) satellite instrument has been making nearly continuous observations of atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) since 2000. Satellite observations of CO are routinely used to analyze emissions from fossil fuels and biomass burning, as well as the atmospheric transport of those emissions. Recent enhancements to the MOPITT retrieval algorithm have resulted in the release of the version 8 (V8) product. V8 products benefit from updated spectroscopic data for water vapor and nitrogen used to develop the operational radiative transfer model and exploit a new method for minimizing retrieval biases through parameterized radiance bias correction. In situ datasets used for algorithm development and validation include the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and HIPPO (HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations) datasets used for earlier MOPITT validation work in addition to measurements from the ACRIDICON-CHUVA (Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interactions and Dynamics of Convective Cloud Systems – Cloud processes of the main precipitation systems in Brazil: A contribution to cloud resolving modeling and to the GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement)), KORUS-AQ (The Korea-United States Air Quality Study), and ATom (The Atmospheric Tomography Mission) programs. Validation results illustrate clear improvements with respect to long-term bias drift and geographically variable retrieval bias. For example, whereas bias drift for the V7 thermal-infrared (TIR)-only product exceeded 0.5 % yr−1 for levels in the upper troposphere (e.g., at 300 hPa), bias drift for the V8 TIR-only product is found to be less than 0.1 % yr−1 at all levels. Also, whereas upper-tropospheric (300 hPa) retrieval bias in the V7 TIR-only product exceeded 10 % in the tropics, corresponding V8 biases are less than 5 % (in terms of absolute value) at all latitudes and do not exhibit a clear latitudinal dependence.
Technical Note: Isotopic corrections for the radiocarbon composition of CO2 in the soil gas environment must account for diffusion and diffusive mixing
Authors: Egan Jocelyn E. , Bowling David R. , Risk David A.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Earth system scientists working with radiocarbon in
organic samples use a stable carbon isotope (δ13C) correction
to account for mass-dependent fractionation, but it has not been evaluated
for the soil gas environment, wherein both diffusive gas transport and
diffusive mixing are important. Using theory and an analytical soil gas
transport model, we demonstrate that the conventional correction is
inappropriate for interpreting the radioisotopic composition of CO2
from biological production because it does not account for important gas
transport mechanisms. Based on theory used to interpret δ13C of
soil production from soil CO2, we propose a new
solution for radiocarbon applications in the soil gas environment that fully
accounts for both mass-dependent diffusion and mass-independent diffusive
mixing.
Snowfall distribution and its response to the Arctic Oscillation: an evaluation of HighResMIP models in the Arctic using CPR/CloudSat observations
Authors: Thomas Manu Anna , Devasthale Abhay , L'Ecuyer Tristan , Wang Shiyu , Koenigk Torben , Wyser Klaus
Published: August 2019

Abstract. A realistic representation of snowfall in general circulation models (GCMs) of global climate is important to accurately simulate snow cover, surface albedo, high-latitude precipitation and thus the surface radiation budget. Hence, in this study, we evaluate snowfall in a range of climate models run at two different resolutions by comparing to the latest estimates of snowfall from the CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar over the northern latitudes. We also evaluate whether the finer-resolution versions of the GCMs simulate the accumulated snowfall better than their coarse-resolution counterparts. As the Arctic Oscillation (AO) is the prominent mode of natural variability in the polar latitudes, the snowfall variability associated with the different phases of the AO is examined in both models and in our observational reference. We report that the statistical distributions of snowfall differ considerably between the models and CloudSat observations. While CloudSat shows an exponential distribution of snowfall, the models show a Gaussian distribution that is heavily positively skewed. As a result, the 10th and 50th percentiles, representing the light and median snowfall, are overestimated by up to factors of 3 and 1.5, respectively, in the models investigated here. The overestimations are strongest during the winter months compared to autumn and spring. The extreme snowfall represented by the 90th percentiles, on the other hand, is positively skewed, underestimating the snowfall estimates by up to a factor of 2 in the models in winter compared to the CloudSat estimates. Though some regional improvements can be seen with increased spatial resolution within a particular model, it is not easy to identify a specific pattern that holds across all models. The characteristic snowfall variability associated with the positive phase of AO over Greenland Sea and central Eurasian Arctic is well captured by the models.
MONITORING OF ACTIVE FIRE EVENTS DUE TO PADDY RESIDUE BURNING IN INDO-GANGETIC PLAINS USING THERMAL REMOTE SENSING
Authors: Chhabra A. , Sehgal V. K. , Dhakar R. , Jain N. , Verma R.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In India, stubble burning is frequently practiced in the dominant rice-growing states of the Indo-Gangetic Plains, primarily in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. We attempted monitoring and mapping of the active fire events in real time for all the 3 states by acquiring thermal datasets from 3 different sensors i.e. Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) at 375 m aboard Sumo-NPP, Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MODIS) at 1000 m aboard Terra & Aqua, and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) at 1,100 m aboard NOAA 18/19 & MetOp 1/2, made available by IARI Satellite Ground Station during Kharif crop harvest season (October–November) 2018. The standard algorithm of detection of the temperature of a pixel at (4.0 µm and/or 10 to 12 µm) and its difference from the temperature of surrounding pixels was employed for day and night passes. Analysis of active fire locations detected from VIIRS, MODIS and AVHRR between 01st October and 30th November 2018 suggests continuing practice of stubble burning with a total of 75563 burning events distributed as 59695, 9232 and 6636 in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, respectively. District-wise monitoring showed a significant upsurge of fire events during the study period in the south-western and eastern districts of Punjab. Intense fire was witnessed in northern districts of Haryana and western districts of Uttar Pradesh. Comparative analysis shows that the burning events in the current year up till 30th November 2018 are 85% of the events detected in 2017 and about 59.10% of the events detected in 2016. It implies that the burning of rice stubble in the current year has reduced significantly over the past years due to various scheme implemented by the State and Central government.
AN OBJECT-BASED APPROACH FOR MONITORING THE EVOLUTION OF LANDSLIDE-DAMMED LAKES AND DETECTING TRIGGERING LANDSLIDES IN TAIWAN
Authors: Dabiri Z. , Hölbling D. , Abad L. , Prasicek G. , Argentin A.-L. , Tsai T.-T.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In August 2009, Typhoon Morakot caused a record-breaking rainfall in Taiwan. The heavy rainfall triggered thousands of landslides, in particular in the central-southern part of the island. Large landslides can block rivers and can lead to the formation of landslide-dammed lakes. Cascading hazards like floods and debris flows after landslide dam breaches pose a high risk for people and infrastructure downstream. Thus, better knowledge about landslides that significantly impact the channel system and about the resulting landslide-dammed lakes are key elements for assessing the direct and indirect hazards caused by the moving mass. The main objectives of this study are 1) to develop an object-based image analysis (OBIA) approach for semi-automated detection of landslides that caused the formation of landslide-dammed lakes and 2) to monitor the evolution of landslide-dammed lakes based on Landsat imagery. For landslide and lake mapping, primarily spectral indices and contextual information were used. By integrating morphological and hydrological parameters derived from a digital elevation model (DEM) into the OBIA framework, we automatically identified landslide-dammed lakes, and the landslides that likely caused the formation of those lakes, due to the input of large amounts of debris into the channel system. The proposed approach can be adapted to other remote sensing platforms and can be used to monitor the evolution of landslide-dammed lakes and triggering landslides at regional scale after typhoon and heavy rainstorm events within an efficient time range after suitable remote sensing data has been provided.
ASSESSING COMPLEX DAMAGE USING PRE-DISASTER OPTICAL AND POST-DISASTER POLSAR DATA
Authors: Jung M. , Chung M. , Kim Y.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Combining pre-disaster optical and post-disaster synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is regarded as desirable for timely damage assessment, which is essential for the prompt rescue operation. Due to the extreme differences between the two data, however, this combination has not been practically used in the previous research. In this paper, a method to assess the various types of damage caused by disasters using the desirable data combination, particularly pre-disaster very high resolution optical data and post-disaster polarimetric SAR data. The proposed method is a rule-based classification, and uses diverse components derived from the two data such as normalized difference vegetation index, polarization orientation angle, SPAN, and entropy. The proposed method was applied to the case study of the 2011 tsunami in Japan. The experimental results demonstrated the potential of the proposed method to assesses the types of tsunami-induced damage in urban and vegetated areas. The achievement in this paper is expected to facilitate efficient and fast disaster-induced complex damage assessment.
USE OF MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR RAPID DETECTION, ASSESSMENT AND MAPPING THE IMPACT OF DISASTERS ON TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Kikin P. M. , Kolesnikov A. A. , Portnov A. M.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Road traffic infrastructure plays a key role in emergency management. It allows to evacuate people from the affected area in the shortest possible time, as well as to organize rapid emergency response. However, disasters often cause the destruction of roads, railways and pedestrian routes, which can significantly affect the evacuation plan and availability of facilities for emergency services, which increases the response time and thereby increases the losses. Therefore, it is very important to quickly provide emergency services with necessary post-disaster maps, created on the principles of rapid mapping. Change detection based on geospatial data before and after damage can make rapid and automatic assessment possible with reasonable accuracy and speed. This research proposes a new approach for detecting damage and detecting the state and availability of the road network based on the satellite imagery data, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and SAR using various methods of image analysis. We also provided an assessment of the resulting combined mathematical model based on neural networks and spatial analysis approaches.
UTILIZATION OF FINE RESOLUTION SATELLITE DATA FOR LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MODELLING: A CASE STUDY OF KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE INDUCED LANDSLIDES
Authors: Ali M. Z. , Chu H.-J. , Ullah S. , Shafique M. , Ali A.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The 2005 Kashmir earthquake has triggered thousands of landslides which devastated most of the livelihood and other infrastructure in the area. Landslide inventory and subsequently landslide susceptibility mapping is one of the main prerequisite for taking mitigation measure against landslide effects. This study has focused on developing most updated and realistic landslide inventory and Susceptibility mapping. The high resolution data of Worldveiw-2 having spatial resolution of 0.4 m is used for landslide inventory. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier was used for landslide inventory developing. Total 51460 number of landslides were classified using semi-automatic technique with covering area of 265 Km2, smallest landslide mapped is covering area of 2.01 m2 and the maximum covered area of single landslide is 3.01 Km2. Nine influential causative factors are used for landslide susceptibility mapping. Those causative factors include slope, aspect, profile curvature, elevation, distance from fault lines, distance from streams and geology. Logistic regression model was used for the Landslides susceptibility modelling. From model the highest coefficient was assigned to geology which shows that the geology has higher influence in the area. For landslide susceptibility mapping the 70 % of the data was used and 30% is used for the validation of the model. The prediction accuracy of the model in this study is 92 % using validation data. This landslide susceptibility map can be used for land use planning and also for the mitigation measure during any disaster.
ANALYSIS OF THE TREND OF THE DEFORMATION AROUND KANTO REGION ESTIMATED BY TIME SERIES OF PALSAR-2 DATA
Authors: Nonaka T. , Asaka T. , Iwashita K. , Ogushi F.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The South Kanto gas field contains natural gas dissolved in water. In the past, large-scale land subsidence has occurred due to the extraction of this natural gas. Therefore, continuous and accurate monitoring for subsidence using satellite remote sensing is essential to prevent any extreme subsidence events, particularly in urban areas, and ensure the safety of residences. In this study, we adopted the small baseline subset (SBAS) method to understand the subsidence trend. We used Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS)-2 Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR-2) data from 2015 to 2019 for this purpose. The results show that the maximum displacement around the Kujyukuri area is more than 10 mm/year and the mean displacement rate for 2015 to 2019 is -1.4 ± 3.2 mm/year; this value is not as large as some obtained with past PALSAR observations. Comparison of our results with PALSAR observations shows that the number of distributed targets is fewer and the root mean square error of each time-series displacement value is larger. Further quantitative analysis is required to discuss the reliability of the SBAS-derived displacement rates by PALSAR-2.
POST-FIRE FORESTRY RECOVERY MONITORING USING HIGH-RESOLUTION MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY FROM UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES
Authors: Pádua L. , Adão T. , Guimarães N. , Sousa A. , Peres E. , Sousa J. J.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In recent years unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been used in several applications and research studies related to environmental monitoring. The works performed have demonstrated the suitability of UAVs to be employed in different scenarios, taking advantage of its capacity to acquire high-resolution data from different sensing payloads, in a timely and flexible manner. In forestry ecosystems, UAVs can be used with accuracies comparable with traditional methods to retrieve different forest properties, to monitor forest disturbances and to support disaster monitoring in fire and post-fire scenarios. In this study an area recently affected by a wildfire was surveyed using two UAVs to acquire multi-spectral data and RGB imagery at different resolutions. By analysing the surveyed area, it was possible to detect trees, that were able to survive to the fire. By comparing the ground-truth data and the measurements estimated from the UAV-imagery, it was found a positive correlation between burned height and a high correlation for tree height. The mean NDVI value was extracted used to create a three classes map. Higher NDVI values were mostly located in trees that survived that were not/barely affected by the fire. The results achieved by this study reiterate the effectiveness of UAVs to be used as a timely, efficient and cost-effective data acquisition tool, helping for forestry management planning and for monitoring forest rehabilitation in post-fire scenarios.
GIS-BASED MAPPING OF ESTIMATED FLOOD INUNDATION AREA, GEOMETRICAL ASPECT
Authors: Panidi E. , Popova K. , Tsepelev V.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. A full processing chain for inundation modelling/mapping is implemented in different specialised software like HEC-RAS or Flood Modeller. Alternatively, inundation water level can be estimated separately, and then can be mapped in desktop (universal) Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Last approach can be demanded in a complex already-formed GIS-based mapping processing chains, when inundation area mapping appears only as a step of analysis and mapping technology. This context is usual for cadastral accounting of inundation areas. However, such a processing chain have a lack of computation tools, as currently used desktop GISs (e.g., QGIS, ArcGIS, etc.) capable originally to map only a lake-type inundation areas (certainly, in the case of regular software assembly), while along-the-river inundation should have water surface sloping along the river body. Addressing to the filling the gap of along-the-river inundation mapping in desktop GIS software, we have developed an approach to mapping of river-type inundation area, and implemented it in a test mode to support cadastral accounting of river flood inundation areas. The approach is based upon geometrical modelling of the water surface only, and is not concerned with consideration of hydrogeological conditions and ground water regime. Being simplified, this technique may be rough tool for the cases when hydrogeological aspect have to be respected, however it is simple for implementation and is useful when estimating topography impact only.
FLOOD DETECTION IN NORWAY BASED ON SENTINEL-1 SAR IMAGERY
Authors: Reksten J. H. , Salberg A.-B. , Solberg R.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. After large flood incidents in Norway, The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), has the responsibility for documenting the flooded areas. This has so far mainly been performed by utilising aerial images and visual interpretation. Satellite images are a valuable source of additional information as they are able to cover vast areas in each satellite pass. In this paper a fully automated system for detecting and delineating floods with the use of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from the Sentinel-1 satellites is presented. In SAR images wet areas and water bodies usually show lower backscatter than dry areas. The flood detection system is thus based on comparing a reference image acquired before the flood with the flood event image. A Sentinel-1 training dataset has been obtained and manually annotated by NVE from three flood events in Norway. This training set has been used to train a random forest (RF) classifier, which outputs a score for each pixel in the SAR image. This score image is thresholded in order to obtain a crude flood detection. Unfortunately, changes in the backscatter may also be triggered by other events such as melting snow and harvested fields of crops. To mitigate such lookalikes, several techniques have been implemented and tested. This includes masking based on size, slope and height above nearest drainage (HAND). The experiments presented show that the system performance is very good. Of the 179 manually labelled flood objects, 168 are detected. The system is being applied operationally at NVE.