bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating Quantum Algorithms Into Classical Frameworks: A Predictor-corrector Approach Using HHL
Authors: Rathore Omer , Basden Alastair , Chancellor Nicholas , Kusumaatmaja Halim
Published: February 2025

The application of quantum algorithms to classical problems is generally accompanied by significant bottlenecks when transferring data between quantum and classical states, often negating any intrinsic quantum advantage. Here we address this challenge for a well-known algorithm for linear systems of equations, originally proposed by Harrow, Hassidim and Lloyd (HHL), by adapting it into a predictor-corrector instead of a direct solver. Rather than seeking the solution at the next time step, the goal now becomes determining the change between time steps. This strategy enables the intelligent omission of computationally costly steps commonly found in many classical algorithms, while simultaneously mitigating the notorious readout problems associated with extracting solutions from a quantum state. Random or regularly performed skips instead lead to simulation failure. We demonstrate that our methodology secures a useful polynomial advantage over a conventional application of the HHL algorithm. The practicality and versatility of the approach are illustrated through applications in various fields such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics, plasma simulations, and reactive flow configurations. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is well suited to run asynchronously on future heterogeneous hardware infrastructures and can effectively leverage the synergistic strengths of classical as well as quantum compute resources.
Additive Manufacturing of Ultrastrong and Ductile Nickel Matrix Composites via Hetero-Deformation Induced Strengthening
Authors: Sui Shang , Qi Jiawei , Ma Dong , Xu Chunjie , Qi Yuanshen , Xu Mengting , Liu Yuhang , Yu Wanjian , Guo Can , Wu Xiangquan , Zhang Zhongming
Published: February 2025

Hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening is normally weak and overlooked in particle reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs), largely restricting the further improvement in mechanical properties and thus limiting the practical application accordingly. Herein, we report a strategy to induce remarkable HDI strengthening in MMCs, which is to choose a reinforcing material with excellent ability to store geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs), and establish the validity in an additively manufactured nickel matrix composites with Inconel 625 (IN625) as the matrix and high-entropy alloy VNbMoTa as the reinforcing material. The results show that the average grain size and the dislocation density of the additively manufactured MMCs are gradually decreased with increasing the VNbMoTa addition. All the samples have a similar VNbMoTa-matrix interface structure, which is characterized by a two-layer feature involving a high entropy alloy layer and a Laves phase layer, although the interface width varies. The two-layer interface can hold GNDs pile-up without breaking to ensure a good load transfer effect, and the ductile VNbMoTa demonstrates excellent GNDs storage capacity to induce significant HDI stress. The HDI stress in the IN625-(10 wt. %)VNbMoTa sample is about 200 MPa higher than that in the pure IN625 sample, resulting in an excellent strength-ductility synergy. Specifically, the yield strength and elongation of the IN625-(10 wt. %)VNbMoTa sample reach 1032.5 ± 18.8 MPa and 11.8 ± 1.2 %, respectively. In addition, the IN625-(10 wt. %)VNbMoTa composite also demonstrates superior mechanical properties at 650 °C that are comparable to those at room temperature, which means that the VNbMoTa additive can remarkably restrain the strength reduction with temperature. The reason lies in that the deformability of the VNbMoTa particle effectively alleviates the stress concentration and delay the crack initiation, resulting in more dislocation generation and pile-up, thus improving the overall high-temperature strength.
Innovative guidelines for mix design and construction practices for concrete manufactured using rice husk ash and waste marble slurry: insights from experimental study
Authors: Srinivasan Varadharajan
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the use of rice husk ash (RHA) and waste marble powder (WMS) as sustainable pozzolanic additives in concrete, promoting circular economy principles by repurposing waste. Cement was partially replaced with RHA (6%–24%) and fine aggregate with WMS (12%–36%), alongside 1.5% hooked steel fibers. The optimized mix, RH18MD36SF1.5 (18% RHA, 36% WMS, 1.5% steel fibers), showed significant improvements: compressive strength increased by 47.6%, split tensile by 45.8%, and flexural by 49.6%. Life cycle assessment (LCA) using the ReCiPe methodology revealed reductions of 36.5% in particulate emissions, 36.6% in greenhouse gases, and 41.7% in carbon footprint. These results align with UN SDGs 9 and 12, promoting climate-resilient, sustainable infrastructure. The study demonstrates the feasibility of converting waste into construction resources, offering guidelines for optimizing concrete mix designs and construction practices to enhance durability and sustainability in structural applications.
TIGRE v3: Efficient and easy to use iterative computed tomographic reconstruction toolbox for real datasets
Authors: Biguri Ander , SADAKANE Tomoyuki , Lindroos Reuben , Liu Yi , Sabate Landman Malena , Du Yi , Lohvithee Manasavee , Kaser Stefanie , Hatamikia Sepideh , Bryll Robert , Valat Emilien , Wonglee S. , Blumensath Thomas , Schönlieb Carola-Bibiane
Published: February 2025

Computed Tomography (CT) has been widely adopted in medicine and it is increasingly being used in scientific and industrial applications. Parallelly, research in different mathematical areas concerning discrete inverse problems has led to the development of new sophisticated numerical solvers that can be applied in the context of CT. The Tomographic Iterative GPU-based Reconstruction (TIGRE) toolbox was born almost a decade ago precisely in the gap between mathematics and high performance computing for real CT data, providing user-friendly open-source software tools for image reconstruction. However, since its inception, the tools' features and codebase have had over a twenty-fold increase, and are now including greater geometric flexibility, a variety of modern algorithms for image reconstruction, high-performance computing features and support for other CT modalities, like proton CT. The purpose of this work is two-fold: first, it provides a structured overview of the current version of the TIGRE toolbox, providing appropriate descriptions and references, and serving as a comprehensive and peer-reviewed guide for the user; second, it is an opportunity to illustrate the performance of several of the available solvers showcasing real CT acquisitions, which are typically not be openly available to algorithm developers.
Adaptive intrusion detection in IoT: combining batch and incremental learning for enhanced security
Authors: ABDERRAHIM Nassiba Wafa , Benosman Amina
Published: February 2025

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become an integral part of everyday life, and plays a significant role in various sectors by enabling device-to-device communication without human intervention. However, the constant connectivity of these devices to the Internet exposes them to numerous cyberattacks, potentially leading to data breaches, device malfunctions, and unauthorized network access. The diverse range of threats targeting IoT systems highlights the need for robust security solutions, such as machine learning-based intrusion detection systems, which have attracted growing research interest. This study proposes a novel adaptive approach for intrusion detection in IoT environments by combining batch and incremental learning models. Our work overcomes the limitations of traditional machine learning-based intrusion detection methods, emphasizing the potential of incremental learning to develop more effective and resilient solutions. Unlike most existing approaches that rely solely on batch learning and lack adaptability to integrate new data for long-term security, our method offers a more flexible alternative. Specifically, we leverage the predictive power of LightGBM in batch mode to improve the performance of a Passive-Aggressive classifier as a meta-learner in incremental mode. This dual learning approach aims to enhance intrusion detection in two key ways: effectively capturing diverse attack patterns with batch learning and adapting to emerging attack patterns with incremental learning. Experiments conducted on the CICIoT2023 dataset demonstrate that the proposed approach successfully balances performance and adaptability. It maintains accurate detection capabilities across various classification tasks while remaining responsive to evolving attack patterns.
Characterising acylindrical hyperbolicity via permutation actions
Authors: Bader Uri , Sisto Alessandro
Published: February 2025

We characterise acylindrical hyperbolicity of a group in terms of properties of an action of the group on a set (without any extra structure). In particular, this applies to the action of the group on itself by left multiplication, as well as the action on a (full measure subset of the) Furstenberg-Poisson boundary.
From one biologic to another: the rationale and evidence behind switching therapies in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Abdullah Baharudin , Zahedi Farah Dayana , Tantilipikorn Pongsakorn
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review

Although biologics had been used to treat CRSwNP, not all patients respond favourably, necessitating the use of other biologics. As there are currently no guidelines available, the process and rationale for switching biologic therapy in the treatment of CRSwNP are examined in this review.

Recent findings

Due to the heterogeneity of diseases, biologic therapies may efficiently control CRSwNP but give inadequate control for asthma, or vice versa. Changing an ineffective first-line biologic to a second-line treatment or others is generally referred to as switching. The most common reasons for switching biologics are poor symptom management or ineffectiveness, and undesirable adverse effects. The ineffectiveness was largely due to the use of omalizumab or mepolizumab, whereas the adverse effects were due to dupilumab.

Switching biologics is a nuanced process influenced by a variety of patient-specific and clinical factors. Biologics that effectively treat upper and lower airway diseases are recommended for optimal control in CRSwNP patients with concurrent asthma. There was no difference in outcomes between switching biologics with and without a washout period. Switching between biologics in the same class is generally not recommended. Dupilumab serves as an effective treatment option for refractory cases particularly aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.
What's in a Name?: A Legal Review of Title Protection Laws Pertaining to “Doctor” and “Dermatologist” in the United States
Authors: Galambus Justine , Torres Abel
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

As new roles in health care appear and existing roles grow, there is concern that nonphysicians may appropriate physician titles. Protecting titles is essential to ensuring that patients understand the qualifications and training of their health care providers.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this review was to evaluate the existing state laws as they apply to the protected and prohibited use of physician specialist titles and “doctor” in a clinical setting.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Existing state laws, the Westlaw legal database, and BillTrack50 were examined for existing laws, court cases, and proposed legislation regarding the use of “physician,” “surgeon,” “dermatologist,” and “doctor.”

RESULTS

General physician titles and suffixes, such as “M.D.,” “D.O.,” “physician,” and “surgeon,” are broadly protected throughout a majority of the United States. Unlike general physician titles, specialist titles, including “dermatologist,” are only protected in 3 states and Washington, DC. Most states allow for the broad use of “doctor” by nonphysicians in clinical settings but require explicit clarification of the practitioner's doctoral field.

CONCLUSION

While general physician titles are protected in almost all states, specialist titles, such as “dermatologist,” are protected in exceptionally few. There are ongoing efforts by state legislatures to update laws and enact protection for specialist titles.
A Confirmatory Factory Analysis of the Exercise Sensitivity Questionnaire (ESQ)
Authors: Farris Samantha G. , Kibbey Mindy M. , Derby Lilly , Keller Brittany , Leyro Teresa M. , Alderman Brandon L. , Steinberg Michael B. , Abrantes Ana M. , DiBello Angelo M.
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

The Exercise Sensitivity Questionnaire (ESQ) is a self-report measure used to assess the extent to which different physical sensations of exercise elicit anxiety (ie, exercise sensitivity). The ESQ was developed for individuals with cardiovascular conditions and initially validated in a non-clinical sample. This study evaluates the factor structure and measurement invariance in a clinical sample of adults with various cardiovascular conditions.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study with retrospective chart review. Patients (N = 265; 73% male, mean age 67.8 ± 10.5 years) were attending an orientation for outpatient medically supervised exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. The factor structure was examined using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and tests of measurement invariance were evaluated by sex and advanced age (<65 years, >65 years). Internal consistency, descriptive characteristics, and correlates of ESQ scores and its factors were evaluated. Concurrent validity was evaluated in a subset of patients (N = 57) with elevated exercise sensitivity.

Results:

The Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported a 2-factor model, which was invariant, but not a 1-factor model, and reflected anxiety about (1) cardiopulmonary and (2) pain/weakness exercise sensations. Internal consistency of ESQ items was high. ESQ scores were associated with higher body mass index and shorter 6-Minute Walk Test distance, particularly the pain/weakness factor. ESQ scores evidenced preliminary concurrent validity with anxiety sensitivity and general anxiety but discriminant validity with depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:

There is support for the validity and reliability of ESQ scores as a 2-dimensional index of exercise sensitivity. The ESQ taps a psychological phenotype with relevance to exercise tolerance, and potentially cardiac rehabilitation participation, that warrants continued investigation.
Assessment of the prevalence of hypotension in precapillary pulmonary hypertension patients with preserved right ventricle function
Authors: Hekimsoy Vedat , Kaya Ergün Bariş
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Lower SBP is associated with worse prognosis in precapillary pulmonary hypertension patients. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypotension in precapillary pulmonary hypertension patients with preserved right ventricle function receiving pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-specific medication with 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and to compare the burden of hypotension between patients receiving PAH-specific monotherapy and dual combination therapy (DCT).

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 44 precapillary pulmonary hypertension patients who underwent clinical assessment, echocardiography, and 24-h ABPM. Patients were grouped according to the type of treatment regimen: monotherapy or DCT. Hypotension was defined as the occurrence of at least one valid measurement of SBP < 100 mmHg.

Results

Mean 24-h, daytime, and nighttime SBP were significantly lower in patients receiving DCT compared to patients receiving monotherapy (P < 0.05 for all). Episodes with SBP < 100 mmHg during the 24-h, daytime, and nighttime periods were significantly more common in the patients receiving DCT (21.26 ± 9.33 vs 12.26 ± 3.61, 15.58 ± 8.17 vs 8.57 ± 3.60, 5.68 ± 2.63 vs 3.70 ± 2.27, respectively, P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusion

Patients on DCT who had relatively advanced pulmonary vascular disease have a higher burden of hypotension. We propose that estimation of the mortality risk relying on a single office blood pressure measurement, as is the case with contemporary risk scores, may give rise to inaccurate results and the incorporation of the assessment of hypotension burden with 24-h ABPM into the risk assessment tools might improve risk stratification.
The potential of creatine monohydrate supplementation in the management of osteosarcopenia
Authors: Candow Darren G. , Kirk Ben , Chilibeck Philip D. , Duque Gustavo
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review

Osteosarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by reductions in bone mineral, muscle/lean mass, strength and functional ability which increases the risk of falls, fractures, frailty and premature mortality. One main contributing factor to osteosarcopenia is malnutrition. The purpose was to review recent evidence of creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation in older adults and to discuss the potential to manage osteosarcopenia.

Recent findings

Accumulating research shows that CrM supplementation, primarily when combined with exercise training, has the potential to serve as a viable intervention in the management of osteosarcopenia. Collectively, CrM supplementation during exercise training in older adults led to greater improvements in whole-body lean mass, lower-limb muscle density and bone geometry and muscle strength (primarily upper-body) compared to exercise training alone. However, no study has investigated the effects of CrM, with and without exercise training, in older adults with osteosarcopenia.

Given the positive findings of CrM on measures of muscle and bone in healthy older adults, there is potential for CrM to be added as an adjunct to exercise training in the management of osteosarcopenia. However, randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of this nutrient in this clinical population.
A Unique Case of Gross Hematuria in a Patient With Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: McEvoy Matthew T. , Gruner Stephanie , Malatesta Muncher Rossana , Brown Amanda , Hicks John , Rainusso Nino
Published: February 2025

The standard therapy for Ewing sarcoma, the second most common bone tumor in children, includes alkylating agents such as ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide. One common adverse side effect of such agents is hemorrhagic cystitis, which typically presents with hematuria. We present the case of a patient with Ewing sarcoma who developed persistent gross hematuria followed by severe acute kidney injury while receiving chemotherapy. After interdisciplinary evaluation, including renal biopsy and assessment for lupus nephritis, a unique underlying diagnosis of immune-complex glomerulonephritis was determined. Herein, we discuss this novel case, including stepwise diagnostic evaluation, multimodal therapy, chemotherapy adjustments, and long-term disease monitoring.
Supraorbital keyhole approach (SOKHA) versus endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for suprasellar meningioma (SSM) resection: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmed Mansoor , Naseer Haseena , Tabba Khush , Borba Luis A.B. , Tahir Abdullah , Arshad Mateen , Ahmad Afnan , Abbas Ayesha , Evangelou Kyriacos , Yaqoob Eesha , Chaurasia Bipin , Javed Saad
Published: February 2025

Background:

Complete surgical resection of suprasellar meningiomas (SSMs) is challenging due to their proximity to neurovascular structures. Minimally invasive transcranial approaches such as the supraorbital keyhole approach (SOKHA) and the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) have emerged with the advancement of neuroendoscopy and neuromicroscopy.

Objective:

To compare the SOKHA and EEA for the management of SSM in terms of patient characteristics, surgical efficacy, and safety.

Materials and methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases was performed, identifying studies comparing SOKHA and EEA for SSMs. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers.

Results:

Out of 1678 identified studies, six retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria. Visual improvement was significantly higher with EEA compared to SOKHA (81.00% vs 62.12%, respectively, I
2 = 0%, P = 0.03), but EEA had a statistically significantly higher risk of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (risk ratio = 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.09–0.94) with a fixed-effect model. The rate of gross total resection (GTR) and major complications did not differ significantly between the two approaches. A serious overall risk of bias across all included studies was identified. No significant publication bias was detected.

Conclusion:

While both SOKHA and EEA show comparable GTR rates and safety profiles, however EEA is associated with better visual outcomes but higher CSF leak rates. The surgical approach can be tailored to the individual case without affecting the GTR. Further larger-scale studies are needed to accurately assess long-term outcomes and optimize surgical strategies for SSM.
Public–private partnerships in tackling sickle cell disease in Uganda: a narrative review
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: February 2025

Sickle cell disease (SCD) remains a critical public health challenge in Uganda, where the prevalence is among the highest globally, and particularly affecting children. The management of SCD is complicated by limited healthcare infrastructure, a shortage of trained healthcare professionals, and widespread stigmatization. Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as a strategic solution to these challenges, leveraging the strengths of both the public and private sectors to improve access to care, enhance patient outcomes, and raise public awareness. This narrative review examines the role of PPPs in tackling SCD in Uganda, focusing on key areas such as health infrastructure development, capacity building for healthcare workers, and access to essential medications and treatments. The review highlights successful models of PPPs that have facilitated the establishment of specialized sickle cell clinics, the implementation of cost-effective screening programs, and community engagement initiatives aimed at reducing stigma and promoting early diagnosis. These partnerships have significantly contributed to improving the quality of care for individuals with SCD, particularly in high-prevalence regions.
Caring Beyond Cure
Authors: Scarperi Peter , MacKenzie Greenle Meredith
Published: February 2025

Pediatric oncology patients should receive high-quality end-of-life care when needed. Little is known about nurses’ attitudes toward providing end-of-life care in pediatric oncology and the role of work experience in developing comfort with providing this care. In a sample of nursing students and nurses working in pediatric oncology, this mixed-methods study aimed to describe attitudes toward and experiences of providing end-of-life care and examine the relationship between education, work experience, and attitudes. Participants completed a demographic survey and the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying, modified for pediatrics. Qualitative interviews were then completed with 10 participants. Participants (N = 38) were primarily female (87%) and White (89%). Overall, participants held positive attitudes toward end-of-life care, with staff nurses more positive than student nurses. All participants had provided end-of-life care, yet only 2 (5.41%) thought their education thus far prepared them. Age, education, experience, and burnout were associated with attitudes toward providing end-of-life care. Qualitative themes included challenges of preparedness and training, the nurse’s role, and parent team barriers. Training in pediatric end-of-life care is crucial to improve nurses’ comfort with providing this care. Further research should explore the impact of burnout, compassion fatigue, and interdisciplinary conflict on end-of-life care.
Inclusivity in Nursing Education
Authors: Arbour Megan , Hansen Kathryn , Milazzo Maria , Houston Jane , Walker Kelly
Published: February 2025

Background:

Neurodiverse and disabled individuals are underrepresented in nursing education, often facing marginalization, lack of support, and implicit bias.

Purpose:

This study assessed nursing faculty’s preparedness to teach neurodiverse students by examining their knowledge and attitudes about neurodiversity.

Methods:

A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used, involving a survey emailed to 469 nursing faculty at 3 North American institutions. The survey included the Faculty Preparedness Questionnaire-Neurodiversity and open-ended questions.

Results:

The study found that faculty has moderate knowledge of neurodiversity but desire more training. Attitudes were generally positive, though some implicit biases were present. Qualitative analysis revealed themes of natural variation, acceptance, and the need for more support and training.

Conclusion:

Faculty members showed a willingness to learn and support neurodiverse students, but professional development is needed to reduce ableism and enhance inclusive teaching practices.
Perspectives of Spanish-Speaking Women on Telemedicine for Contraceptive Care
Authors: Coots Cynthia , Mesa Adriana , Gallardo Richard , Vicéns-Villafaña José Juan , Stifani Bianca M.
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE:

The use of telemedicine for reproductive health increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but people with language barriers are less likely than others to use it. The objective of this study is to describe the perspective of Spanish-speaking immigrant women on the use of telemedicine to access reproductive health services, including contraception.

METHODS:

We conducted a qualitative study using in-person and virtual focus groups with primarily Spanish-speaking reproductive-aged women who reside in a suburban area outside of New York City. We recruited participants through flyers, social media, and a partnership with a community-based organization. We analyzed interview transcripts using grounded theory methodology.

RESULTS:

Between May and November 2022, we conducted six in-person and two virtual focus groups with a total of 58 participants. Most participants were from Mexico and Guatemala and had limited experience with telemedicine. Participants recognized that telemedicine has practical advantages, including economic ones. However, many expressed concerns about the quality of virtual health care, which they felt led to “guesswork,” because it is not possible to conduct a physical examination. When prompted, participants recognized that telemedicine could be a viable option to provide information about different contraceptive options and to initiate some contraceptive methods such as pills. Low technological literacy and lack of access to cell service were often cited as barriers to using telemedicine.

CONCLUSION:

To ensure equal access to telemedicine among underserved populations, it is important to understand their needs and perspectives. Educating prospective users about the value and limitations of telemedicine and overcoming technological barriers are essential steps in ensuring digital health equity.
Assessment, patency, and management of occlusion of central venous catheters in ICU and hemodialysis patients in a Hospital in Badajoz, Spain: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Morcillo-Oliva Diego Javier , Albornos-Muñoz Laura
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Central venous catheters (CVCs) and other central venous access devices (CVADs) facilitate the administration of intravenous drugs, fluids, blood products, and parenteral nutrition in patients with chronic or critical illnesses. A lack of standardized practices had been identified in some countries, leading to the development and publication of guidelines.

Aim:

This project aimed to improve CVAD care by promoting evidence-based practices in an intensive care unit and a hemodialysis unit in a hospital in Badajoz, Spain.

Methods:

The study was based on the JBI approach to evidence implementation. A retrospective baseline audit was conducted before developing and implementing an evidence-based protocol for the assessment, patency, and management of occlusions in CVCs. The JBI Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) method was used to identify the factors underpinning gaps between evidence and everyday practice, as well as strategies to overcome them. A follow-up post-implementation audit was also conducted. The sample size was 34 patients.

Results:

Improvements in compliance were found in four of the six audited criteria. The barriers identified during the implementation process were mostly addressed, contributing to the positive results.

Conclusions:

This evidence implementation project resulted in the development of an evidence-based protocol on CVAD care in the selected units and can now be expanded to other settings. The project also improved the quality of nursing records and the maintenance of best practices.

Spanish abstract:

http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A325
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and quality of life: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Fluyau Dimy , Kailasam Vasanth Kattalai , Kim Paul , Revadigar Neelambika
Published: February 2025

The benefit of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in improving quality of life (QoL) has been investigated in randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) with equivocal results. This study explored whether SSRIs could improve QoL in individuals with medical, psychiatric, and neuropsychiatric conditions. RCTs were searched in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Ovid, and Google Scholar. Data were synthesized via a meta-analysis. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed. The sample size was 9,070. Compared with placebo, SSRIs showed statistically significant improvements in QoL in cancer (d = 0.30), major depressive disorder (d = 0.27), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (d = 0.38), type 2 diabetes mellitus (d = 0.48), persistent depressive disorder (d = 0.32), and menopausal symptoms (d = 0.40). Paroxetine exhibited the highest effect size. No significant improvements were noted in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (d = 0.65, P = 0.09), congestive heart failure (d = 0.46, P = 0.27), and irritable bowel syndrome (d = 0.26, P = 0.127). The reduction in depressive symptoms improved QoL. Small-study effects, high attrition rates, and demographic imbalances are limiting factors to recommend SSRIs to improve QoL. Future research should focus on QoL domains and pharmacological properties of each SSRI.
Shapes of large main belt asteroids, deviation from hydrostatic equilibria and geophysical properties
Authors: Vermersch J. , Rambaux N. , Sicardy B.
Published: February 2025

A recent high-angular resolution imaging survey of 42 large main belt asteroids, with the SPHERE/ZIMPOL instrument of VLT, has provided shape models with unprecedented kilometre accuracy. The aim of this paper is to determine the equilibrium figures of these asteroids from their shape models, in order to define a size limit between dwarf planets and small bodies. Therefore, we quantify the deviation of asteroids from homogeneous hydrostatic equilibria (Maclaurin and Jacobi ellipsoids) using a spherical harmonic analysis and a minimization criterion computation. Then, this deviation is interpreted through a study of the physical and geophysical properties of asteroids. As a result, although 80% of asteroids tend towards spheroidal figures, only nine volatile-rich asteroids are compatible with Maclaurin ellipsoids. Among the remaining asteroids, about 30% could be differentiated or fossil shape, and 50% require failure criteria to describe their shape, damaged by interactions with their environments (families, satellites, collisions). The geophysical parameters calculated for these bodies are: topography perceptible through high and odd degree coefficients, internal friction angles between

2
∘

and

14
∘

, stress deviation tensors higher than 0.2 MPa, strength lower than 5 MPa.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Major advances in planetary sciences thanks to stellar occultations’.
Origins of rings in the Solar System
Authors: Sicardy B. , El Moutamid M. , Renner S. , Sfair R. , Souami D.
Published: February 2025

Until about a decade ago, ring systems were only known to exist around giant planets. Each one of the four giant planets harbours its own distinctive and unique system of rings and inner satellites. The past decade has been marked by the unexpected discoveries of dense rings around small objects of the outer Solar System: the Centaur object Chariklo (and possibly Chiron), the dwarf planet Haumea and the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar. In the latter case, an additional surprise came from the fact that Quaoar’s rings orbit well beyond the Roche limit of the body. Here, we address the possible origins and evolution of these ring systems.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Major advances in planetary sciences thanks to stellar occultations’.
Contributions of ‘citizen science’ to occultation astronomy
Authors: Beisker Wolfgang , Guhl Konrad , Midavaine Thierry
Published: February 2025

The modern term ‘citizen science’ describes a very old tradition in the natural sciences. Until the specialization of the sciences at the end of the eighteenth century, the emergence of technical universities and the formation of a modern scientific enterprise, citizen science was the norm. Since the 1960s, amateur astronomers have increasingly observed stellar occultations, first by the Moon and in the last three decades by main belt asteroids and outer solar system bodies. As in other branches of astronomy, occultation work has profited tremendously from technological advances in the last 40 years. Special for occultation work citizen scientists have developed cameras with millisecond-precise absolute timing that is necessary in occultation work. Modern star catalogues, such as the Hipparcos, UCAC and, lately, the Gaia catalogues, have helped to improve predictions of such events. Easy to handle software to predict occultations has been developed for the occultation observers. Cooperations and networks between professionals and amateurs have led to scientific improvement and coverage of occultations. This results in many peer-reviewed publications, where amateurs play an increasing role.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Major advances in planetary sciences thanks to stellar occultations’.
Characterizing longitude variation on Chariklo's main ring
Authors: Gomes-Junior A. R. , Mitidiero A. L. R. , Morgado B. E. , Sicardy B.
Published: February 2025

In 2013, a stellar occultation revealed the presence of a ring system around the Centaur Chariklo, marking the first discovery of such a feature on a small body. Subsequent observations indicated that the main ring exhibits not only radial density variations but also changes in width depending on longitude. In this study, we propose a method to determine the longitude (within an inertial reference frame) and the orbital radius of each point of the ring detected during stellar occultations. In addition, we provide a descriptive analysis of the ring’s width variations and identify the combination of oscillation modes 1 and 2 as the most likely pattern governing the ring behaviour.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Major advances in planetary sciences thanks to stellar occultations’.
Yarkovsky and YORP effects simulation on 3200 Phaethon
Authors: Senshu Hiroki , Noda Hirotomo , Yoshida Fumi , Ito Takashi , Hamm Maximilian , Marshall Sean
Published: February 2025

We carry out a numerical study on the thermal behaviour of asteroid 3200 Phaethon, the parent body of the Geminid meteor shower. Phaethon’s orbit is highly eccentric, with the perihelion distance as small as

0.14

 

au

. During the perihelion passage the surface temperature rises so much that the reaction force of the thermal radiation from its surface affects Phaethon’s orbital and spin motion. We evaluate this thermal effect precisely by numerically modelling the thermal variation during an orbital period. We find that the thermal effect, both on the orbital motion and spin, changes its sign near the perihelion owing to the geometric configuration of the spin axis direction relative to the Phaethon–Sun direction. Consequently, the canonical expression of the thermally induced momentum is not applicable for the case of bodies on a highly eccentric orbit such as Phaethon. Nevertheless, the resulting orbital-averaged thermal effect is consistent with ground-based observation and previous estimates.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Major advances in planetary sciences thanks to stellar occultations’.
Draft genome sequences of five Rhizobium spp. isolates including one potential new species from legume tropical plants in Costa Rica
Authors: Campos-Parra Donifer , Blanco-Picado Andres , Herrera-Quesada Jimena , Mendoza-Guido Bradd , Rojas-Jimenez Keilor
Published: February 2025

We present the draft genomes of five strains of Rhizobium isolated from root nodules of Cojoba arborea, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Lonchocarpus felipei, Mimosa pigra and Calliandra haematocephala in Costa Rica. Through comparative genomics including the estimation of the Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and phylogenomic analysis we determined that Rhizobium sp. LEGMi-20j and Rhizobium sp. LEGMi-135b are closely related strains and represent a potentially novel species near Rhizobium hainanense (ANI: 94%, dDDH=53.2%). The strain LEGMi-12c was associated with R. hainanense (ANI: 98%, dDDH=87%), strain LEGMi-166a to R. altiplani (ANI: 100%, dDDH=99.3%) and strain LEGMi-198b was related to R. cerradonense (ANI: 98%, dDDH=81.4%). We also determined, using several functional annotation tools, the presence of genes related to nodulation and nitrogen fixation such as fix, nif, nod, nol, and ntr for each strain. With this work, we provide valuable genomic resources of the genus Rhizobium that will be useful for future studies on rhizobial taxonomy, symbiosis and ecology in tropical ecosystems
Establishment of the Nichols strain as the type strain of Treponema pallidum
Authors: Norris Steven J.
Published: February 2025

In this article, it is proposed that the Nichols strain of Treponema pallidum be established as the type strain. T. pallidum was first identified as the causative agent of syphilis in 1905, and the Nichols strain was isolated in 1912 by inoculation of a rabbit with cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with neurosyphilis. The Nichols strain has been maintained by serial passage in rabbits for over a century, and historically most studies of T. pallidum have been conducted using this strain. In recent years, a procedure for continuous in vitro culture of T. pallidum in a tissue culture system has been developed, making propagation of this spirochaete easier and hence facilitating research. The Nichols strain has >99% DNA homology with a group of organisms that cause syphilis, bejel/endemic syphilis and yaws in humans, a yaws-like disease in primates and spirochaetosis in rabbits and hares. This group is highly similar in terms of their gene and G+C content, genome synteny, cell morphology, natural dependence on mammalian hosts and ability to cause long-term infections; variation occurs in host range, modes of transmission, aptitude for dissemination, manifestations, congenital infection and geographical distribution. Availability of a type strain will aid in the formal acceptance of T. pallidum subspecies first described in 1984 and supported by recent whole-genome analyses of numerous strains from the T. pallidum-related group.
Exploiting the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Pathway to Augment Endogenous Opioid Signaling
Authors: Dobariya Prakashkumar , Williams Jessica , Hanak Filip , Rothwell Patrick E. , More Swati S.
Published: February 2025

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) impacts hemodynamics by regulating the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstricting angiotensin II. We recently identifieda non-canonical centralrole of ACE in the degradation of enkephalin heptapeptide, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe (MERF). Enkephalins are short-lived, endogenous opioid peptides that mediate the body’s intrinsic analgesic response. Here we identify chemically diverse ACE inhibitors using an optimized high throughput screening assay to boost endogenous opioid signaling. Our primary hits (thiorphan, D609, and raloxifene) were selected for dose-response characterization,in vitroenkephalin release,in vivoanalgesic potency, andin silicoanalysis. Intracerebroventricular administration of these compounds significantly attenuated pain response, alone and in combination with MERF, which was reversed by opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Molecular docking provided additional insight into the active site interactions of these scaffolds, which could be exploited further for creation of more potent inhibitors. These results showcase the potential of central ACE inhibitors to modulate endogenous MERF signalling.

Graphical Abstract
Mechanical strain modulates Min patterning and division inE. colifilaments
Authors: Nadal Marta , Guitou Léna , Díez Iago , Hurtado Juan , Martínez Alejandro , Grobas Iago , Buceta Javier
Published: February 2025

Bacteria often encounter physico-chemical stresses that disrupt division, leading to filamentation, where cells elongate without dividing. While this adaptive response enhances survival, it also exposes filaments to significant mechanical strain, raising questions about the mechanochemical feedback in bacterial systems. In this study, we investigate how mechanical strain influences the Min oscillatory system, a reaction-diffusion network central to division inEscherichia coli. Through a multidisciplinary approach combining quantitative fluorescence microscopy, biophysical modeling, microfluidics, and patterned growth substrates, we demonstrate that filamentousE. coliundergoes growth-induced buckling instability. This phenomenon alters the diffusivity of membrane proteins and modulates the spatiotemporal patterning of the Min system. Moreover, we show that this mechanochemical interplay determines division site positioning after stress relief, effectively creating a mechanical "memory" for cytokinesis. Our findings underscore the critical role of mechanical forces in bacterial filamentation and provide new insights into the functional implications of mechanobiology in microbial systems.
Compositional control of ageing kinetics in TDP-43 condensates
Authors: H Espejo Nuria , Feito Alejandro , Sanchez-Burgos Ignacio , Garaizar Adiran , M. Conde Maria , Rey Antonio , Castro Alejandro , Collepardo-Guevara Rosana , Tejedor Andres R , R Espinosa Jorge
Published: February 2025

Biomolecular compartments orchestrate the spatiotemporal organisation of cells. The spontaneous assembly of proteins and nucleic acids through liquid–liquid phase separation into biomolecular condensates has been shown to ubiquitously contribute to the functional compartmentalisation of the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. However, some condensates can undergo an additional phase transition from functional liquid states to pathological solid like assemblies (i.e., ageing). This liquid–to–solid transition, driven by the accumulation of protein cross–β–sheet structures, is a hallmark of multiple neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we employ Molecular Dynamics simulations to explore the role of various biomolecules in regulating the ageing kinetics of condensates scaffolded by TDP–43, a key RNA–binding protein linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. We find that the recruitment of arginine–rich peptides, such as those produced by the C9orf72 gene, accelerates the nucleation of cross–β–sheet structures. In contrast, the inclusion of poly–Uridine RNA and the HSP70 chaperone significantly slows the emergence of these structures. Remarkably, we observe a correlation between the compactness of the low–complexity domain of TDP–43—which drives the transition to cross–β–sheet structures—and the condensate ageing kinetics as we vary the composition of the condensates. Moreover, we find that near interfacial regions of TDP–43 condensates exhibit faster β–sheet transitions than the bulk core of the condensate. Together, our findings underscore the critical role of client biomolecules in modulating protein conformational ensembles and intermolecular interactions, thereby controlling the propensity of condensates to transition into harmful solid–like states.
The graphene-based affinity cryo-EM grid for the endogenous protein structure determination
Authors: cho Uhn-soo , An Sojin , Ahn Eungjin , Koo Tyler , Park Soyoung , Suh Boeon , Rengasamy Krishna P , Lyu Gaocong , Kim Chul , Kim Byungchul , Kim Hanseong , Park Sangho , Tan Dongyan
Published: February 2025

Following recent advancements in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) instrumentation and software algorithms, the next bottleneck in achieving high-resolution cryo-EM structures arises from sample preparation. To overcome this, we developed a graphene-based affinity cryo-EM grid, the Graffendor (GFD) grid, to target low-abundance endogenous protein complexes. To maintain grid quality and consistency within a single batch of 36 grids, we established a one-step crosslinking batch-production method using genetically modified ALFA nanobody as affinity probe (GFD-A grid). Using low concentrations of β-galactosidase-2xALFA, we demonstrated the GFD-A grid's efficiency in capturing and resolving its cryo-EM structure at 2.71 angstrom. To test its application for endogenous proteins, we engineered yeast cells with a C-terminal tandem affinity tag (3xALFA-Tev-3xFlag: ATF) at Pop6, a shared component of RNase MRP and RNase P. Cryo-EM structures of RNase MRP and RNase P were resolved at 3.3 and 3.0 angstrom from cell lysates, and 3.6 and 3.9 angstrom from anti-flag elution, respectively. Notably, additional densities were observed in the structures obtained from cell lysates, which were absent in those from the anti-FLAG eluate. These findings establish the GFD-A grid as a robust platform for investigating endogenous proteins, capable of capturing transient interactions and enhancing the resolution of challenging cryo-EM structures with greater efficiency.