bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Research on the Fruitfulness of the Reddish-Yellow Acrisol in Serra da Meruoca, Ceará, Brazil
Authors: Mendes Marcos Venicios Ribeiro , Diniz Simone Ferreira , Falcão Cleire Lima da Costa , Sobrinho José Falcão , Barbosa Francisca Edineide Lima
Published: April 2021

Agriculture, to be successful, needs soil to have a potential nutrient composition that is relevant to plants. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the conditions for farming through soil analysis. Thus, this manuscript makes it possible to analyze the fruitfulness of two samples of the reddish-yellow acrisol—one with vegetation and the other without it—from Serra da Meruoca, a humid area in the semi-arid region of Ceará. Concerning the material and method, the stages were literature review, researches on cartographic bases, fieldwork, and data collection and their analysis in the laboratory. The results show that the area of acrisol with vegetation favors the practice of agriculture, a fact observed because of carbon (C), which is indicative of soil with intense cultivation, as well as calcium (Ca), which appeared in a significant level, typical of arable land. In the second sample, the acrisol without vegetation, the parameters that impose restrictions on agriculture are the pH, which contains exchangeable aluminum, indicative of high acidity that leads to a leaching process. Also, the aluminum (Al) at a low level reflected the need for dolomitic quicklime, for the amendment of a deficient soil. Therefore, studies on its fruitfulness are essential for farmers to reap the rewards according to the results obtained and analyzed.
Unexpected Occurrence of Cladosporium spp. on the Inner Surface of the Spathe of the Titan Arum, Amorphophallus titanum
Authors: Ruprecht Ulrike , Socher Stephanie A. , Dötterl Stefan
Published: April 2021

The air-borne distributed genus
Cladosporium
Link is globally one of the most common fungal genera. By sequencing the barcode marker ITS, here, we document two taxa belonging to this genus –
C.
cf.
dominicanum
Zalar, de Hoog & Gunde-Cimerman and
C. halotolerans
Zalar, de Hoog & Gunde-Cimerman (
C. sphaerospermum
Penz complex) – which were detected on the inner surface of the spathe of the titan arum,
Amorphophallus titanum
(Becc.) Becc. (Araceae). Titan arum holds the record for the largest unbranched inflorescence in the plant kingdom, with a height reaching up to 3 meters. The two identified
Cladosporium
species are part of a clearly defined fungal layer inside the proximal region of the spathe, surrounding the flower-containing region of the spadix. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of a macroscopically visible layer of
Cladosporium
on a living plant material. Furthermore, this study also discusses why this layer occurs only in a spatially restricted region of the spathe, and the possible consequences that the occurrence of these fungi might have on the development and reproduction of the plant.
Analysis of design solutions for
strengthening the load-bearing structure
of a building for further safe use
Authors: Chmielewski R. , Baryłka A. , Obolewicz J.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The article present issues related to strengthening the supporting structure
of swimming pool in a primary school building paying special attention to the damaged
reinforced concrete pillars of supports.
Design/methodology/approach: Analysis of design solutions strengthening the
supporting structure of the building for further safe use.
Findings: Engineers noticed multiple cracks and deformations in rebar while performing
on-site verification. Three posts (pillars) were damaged in the basement rooms and needed
repair.
Research limitations/implications: Structural elements of building structures wear
out over time and cause damage that requires repair. The scope of repair works should be
designed and carried out in accordance with applicable law.
Practical implications: The solution, which has been designed in great detail, allows the
building to continue working without the risk of damaging the structure.
Originality/value: Due to the scale of damage to the reinforced concrete columns in the
basement of the building, it was necessary to protect the facility against a construction
failure.
Verhaltenswissenschaftlich inspiriertes Verwaltungshandeln
Authors: Meier Matthias
Published: April 2021

The concept of nudging has drawn attention to the influence of behavioural insights on government policies. This thesis examines the challenges and limitations in the implementation of nudging by the state. From an administrative (law) perspective, the thesis focuses in particular on the fundamental rights dimension of nudges, their control, and the role of behaviourally informed measures in the context of guiding principles of administrative actions.
Bußgeldrechtliche Sanktionierung juristischer Personen im neuen Marktmissbrauchsrecht
Authors: Reinartz Ann-Kristin
Published: April 2021

The main cause of the financial market crisis was the lack of effective and deterrent sanctions for market abuse and the inadequate enforcement of these sanctions. The European legislator has addressed this shortcoming by massively tightening sanctions – especially fines against legal persons.

The thesis examines new legal issues that arise in particular from the increasing regulatory density at the European level. The central object of investigation is the tension between the need for deterrent sanctions and the preservation of the principle of proportionality as well as other constitutional principles at the level of the individual company as well as the level of the corporate group.
Europapolitik im föderalen Haus
Authors: Souris Antonios
Published: April 2021

The European Union (EU) Committee of the German Bundesrat takes centre stage in the constitutionally guaranteed mechanism that allows the 16 German states (Länder) to participate in EU affairs. Hence, the EU Committee is a key player when it comes to the formulation of and decisions on the states’ policy positions towards Europe. This study scrutinises the interests and conflicts of the Länder based on three ideal types of voting behaviour, consensus as well as territorial and partisan dissensus, and a new data set that comprises 6,220 roll call votes in the EU Committee. Case studies on three policy issues, EU civil protection, the European structural and investment funds, and crisis management in the eurozone, complement the study’s data analysis.
Bewegtes Lernen im Fach Mathematik
Authors: Müller Christina , Ziermann Christian
Published: April 2021

Schools should manage learning with all senses, including the sense of movement. The methodical material shows concrete examples for learning in motion in grammar schools in mathematics with the aims:

Additional access to information is to be opened up, e.g. by experiencing and understanding mathematics via movement or learning exursions

The processing of information can be optimised by forming and solving tasks whil walking or swaping seats

Learning in motion also helps to prevent children from sitting in one position for too long. In addition, it can increase the pleasure in learning. Moreover, pupils are to connect indepedent learning with movement. They are to look for new variations and to work with a partner.
Nanoporous Carbon Materials toward Phenolic Compounds Adsorption
Authors: Fathy Mubarak Mahmoud , Maher Ahmed Alshimaa , saad Gabr Sahar
Published: April 2021

Nanoporous carbon-based sorbents are used to generate a three-dimensional real-space model of the nanoporous structure using the concept of Gaussian random fields. This pore model is used to derive important pore size characteristics, which are cross-validated against the corresponding values from gas sorption analysis. After filling the model pore structure with an aqueous electrolyte and rearranging the ions via a Monte Carlo simulation for different applied adsorption potentials. In comparison to nanopores formed from solid-state membranes (e.g., silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, polymer membranes, glass, hafnium oxide, gold, etc.) and very recently 2D materials (e.g., boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, etc.), those nanopores produced from carbon materials (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), diamond, etc.), especially those from graphene appear to be perfect for adsorption process. The thickness of carbon structures nanopores can be as thin as 0.35 nm, resembling the height of the base spacing. Moreover, the sizes of carbon structures nanopores can be precisely fabricated and tuned to around 1.0 nm, the similar size of many heavy metals and organic pollutants molecules. Furthermore, carbon materials are chemically stable and feature-rich surface chemistry. Therefore, various carbon nanopore sequencing techniques have been developed. Finally, in this chapter the adsorption of phenolic compounds on nanoporous carbon specifically the active carbon are overviewed and how to affect the heterogeneity of activated carbon surface, PH of the solution on the efficiency of adsorption.
Tuning Phage for Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Joseph Atia Ayariga , Daniel Azumah Abugri , Deepa Bedi , Dean Derrick
Published: April 2021

The ever-broadening scope of phage research has left behind the simplistic view of studying phages as just model systems in phage biology to a much broader application ranging from ecological management to immunity. Improved throughput technology in crystallography and structural studies has helped our understanding of these systems as supramolecular machines that possess the capacity of self-assembly. The idea of phages as self-assembling supramolecular nano-machines that are bioactive biomaterials in characteristics, tunable and easily producible have lent its utility to recent fields such as regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Due to low metabolic activity and slow nutrient diffusion within cartilage, damage to this tissue often inevitably consist of slow and delayed regeneration and healing, the restriction of blood from reaching most part of this tissue and the resultant limitations in the availability of oxygen and other essential amino acids dictates a very slow systemic metabolic response also since transports system in this tissue have to employ less speedy forms. Cartilage regeneration therefore is a huge challenge. This chapter takes a look at the application of the phage display technology in cartilage tissue regeneration.
Idea univerzity z české perspektivy
Authors: Balík Stanislav , Dvořák Petr , Fiala Petr , Floss Pavel , Horák Petr , Jirsa Jakub , Lach Jiří , Macháček Jiří , Machula Tomáš , Munzar Dominik , Noble Ivana , Sokol Jan , Soukup Daniel , Šimáčková Kateřina
Published: April 2021

The aim of this book is to explore the ‘idea of a university’ and specific modern developments both abroad and in the Czech Republic through dialogues with prominent Czech academics: Stanislav Balík, Petr Dvořák, Petr Fiala, Pavel Floss, Jiří Hanuš, Petr Horák, Jakub Jirsa, Jiří Lach, Jiří Macháček, Tomáš Machula, Dominik Munzar, Ivana Noble, Jan Sokol, Daniel Soukup and Kateřina Šimáčková.
The Procedural Value of Compromise
Authors: Rouméas Élise ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: April 2021

Compromise is a valuable decision-making procedure. This article argues that its value lies in the norms of reciprocity and consent. Reciprocity structures the practice of concession-giving. Compliance with this tacit rule expresses an ethos of mutual concern and achieves a shared sense of fairness. Consent is a useful safeguard against asymmetric deals and makes compromise morally binding. The procedural value of compromise gives us important reasons to choose this method for resolving conflicts.
The European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region and accomplishments
Authors: Palmowski Tadeusz
Published: April 2021

The sea and inland hinterland of Baltic Europe form a unique macro-regional unit. Strong collaboration links, and competition in the Baltic Sea region, are an inherent feature of the region from the beginning of its civilization development. Since 2004, the Baltic Sea has become an internal sea of the European Union. This fact no doubt strengthened the cooperation of the countries in the region. In many spheres, these ties take the form of networking. The EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region is an important stimulus for further integrations. The objective of the article is to identify changing trends and the structural transformation in the Baltic integration process instigated by the implementation of this strategy. The document contains common goals, which strengthen cooperation and draw on the Baltic Sea potential. Three main pillars are outlined in the Strategy: marine protection, better interconnection of the region and growing prosperity. The essence of cooperation involves joint development plans on various levels: governmental, regional and local with the participation of research institutions, regional cooperation infrastructure, operational programmes, as well as the private sector. Political stabilisation and economic development may transform, in a longer time span, the emerging transnational Baltic Europe into a new economic and cultural European centre. The choice of research methodology applied in the study derives from the nature of collected data, i.e. literature regarding scientific accomplishments in the Baltic cooperation, analysis of working documents and reports drawn up by public institutions, the European Commission, and EU national and regional strategic documents.
Legal, financial and marketing aspects of games of chance in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Kovačević Ljubica
Published: April 2021

This paper mostly discusses legal and some economic aspects of games of chance as an economic activity. In that context, the negative effects of gambling and betting activities are pointed out, especially on the development and spread of social deviations due to the uncontrolled consumption of games of chance. The paper aims to indicate in what way, and to what extent, the legislation in the Republic of Serbia regulates gambling and betting activities, i.e., what impact the legislation has exclusively on the financial and marketing business aspects of the three most represented organizers of games of chance in this area. The first part of the paper points to the numerous specifics characterizing gambling and betting activities, i.e. special legal regulations that regulate each business segment in this activity. The second part of the paper presents a financial overview of the performance indicators of the three most represented organizers of games of chance. The final part of the paper is dedicated to the legal possibilities and restrictions to advertising games of chance, or the efforts of all three organizers to boost the promotion of their business by taking on socially responsible activities, keeping it with such an approach within the legal framework.
Nonferrous waste aerated concrete
Authors: Elesin Mikhail , Mashkin Nikolay , Karmanovskaya Natalia
Published: April 2021

This article presents studies of the technological process for producing curing monolithic aerated concrete from industrial slag sands. The purpose of this work is to develop and optimize the composition of lightweight concrete using gypsum building plaster as a binder. For the construction of low-rise industrial buildings, it is proposed to use industrial slag components and waste from the Norilsk industrial district. To form a cellular structure of concrete, it was chosen the chemical method of porosity, which involves the implementation of a gas evolution reaction when aluminum powder interacts with calcium hydroxide. During the tests, Portland cement M400 of the Topkinsk cement plant was used, sand with a specific surface area of 4.62; 7.3; 16.48 and 28.85 m²/kg. The study of the parameters characterizing the blowout and structure formation of aerated concrete mixture was carried out in collapsible metal shapes with a base of 0.10*0.10 m, filled to 1/3 of the height. Temperature profiles were recorded by controlling 10 thermocouples for 1-2 minutes using a KSP potentiometer. It was concluded that expanded clay aggregate and sawdust for gypsum-lightweight concrete are active and contribute to its hardening.
Forebyggelse af radikalisering i fængsler - menneskeret og retssikkerhed for de indsatte
Authors: Kessing Peter Vedel , Andersen Lisbeth Garly
Published: April 2021

See abstract in article
Victim compensation: a child of penal welfarism or carceral policies
Authors: Kim Mimi E. , Gallo Carina
Published: April 2021

Abstract SwedishUnder efterkrigstiden förändrades många västerländska länders kriminalpolitik i riktning mot välfärd och rehabilitering. Detta ideal fokuserade gärningsmannen, inte brottsoffret. Detta skulle snart komma att förändras. En av de första initiativ som togs för brottsoffer var brottsskadeersättning, en ekonomisk kompensation som infördes på 1960-talet. Denna artikel jämför utvecklingen av brottsskadeersättningi två länder, USA och Sverige, i relation till deras välfärds- och kriminalpolitik. Båda länderna initierade kompensationsreformer för brottsoffer ivälfärdsinstitutionella kontexter. Med stöd i en jämförande historisk fallstudiemetod visar artikeln dock att kompensationsreformerna i de två länderna skilde sig åt och kom att avspegla respektive lands välfärds- och kriminalpolitik. De första svenska kompensationsreformerna förankrades som en socialförsäkringsfråga, medan deras motsvarigheter i USA snabbt banade väg för mer straffinriktade program.Abstract EnglishIn the post-war period, many Westernized countries advanced toward more rehabilitative and welfarist ideals informing crime policies. These ideals centered on the offending individual, not the victim. This was soon to change. Victim compensation programs were one of the first initiatives taken for victims of crime with the first established in the 1960s. This paper examines and compares the development of victim compensation programs in two countries with contrasting social welfare and penal policies, the United States and Sweden. Both countries developed victim compensation programs located within welfarist administrative institutions, suggesting common penal welfare frameworks and instruments. Using the comparative historical case study method, the study finds that formative victim compensation policies in the two countries differed widely, reflecting social welfare versus remedial welfare policies, and rehabilitative versus punitive carceral frameworks, respectively. Arguments upholding penal welfarist ideals and social insurance concerns underlay the early formation of Sweden’s victim compensation program and anchored subsequent developments while, in the United States, political conditions led to a rapid trajectory in more punitive directions.
Pragmatic and Permeable Egalitarianism:
Authors: Mjåland Kristian , Laursen Julie
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe social world of prisons is typically described as hierarchical in the prison sociological literature where offence type, displays of (hegemonic)masculinity and involvement in the informal economy impact prisoners’ social standing. Based on fieldwork and interviews (N=181) with men and women in seven different Norwegian prisons, this article describes prisoner cultures where such hierarchies were either absent or of little significance. Rather than pointing out differences in status and standing, the prisoners interviewed tended to insist that they were equal and the same. In order to make sense of this finding, which contrasts dominant accounts in the prison sociological literature, the article engages with scholarship on the role and roots of egalitarianism in Norwegian society. Organizing the discussion around the concepts of ‘egalitarian permeability’, ‘pragmatic egalitarianism’ and ‘social labour’, the article argues that the egalitarian culture of Norwegian (open) prisons is shaped by norms in the wider Norwegian society and the pragmatic choices prisoners make to cope socially in prison everyday life.AbstractI fengselssosiologien blir fengselets sosiale liv ofte beskrevet som hierarkisk. Studier har vist at lovbruddstype, (hegemonisk) maskulinitetog involvering i den illegale økonomien har betydning for fangenes sosiale status og posisjon. Basert på feltarbeid og intervju (N=181) med menn og kvinner i syv norske fengsler viser denne artikkelen at slike hierarki var enten fraværende eller av liten betydning. I stedet for å påpeke forskjeller i status og posisjon vektla fangene som ble intervjuet ofte at de var like og likeverdige. For å forstå dette forskningsfunnet, som bryter med beskrivelser i deler av forskningslitteraturen, henter artikkelen inspirasjon fra forskning om den norske egalitære kulturen. Ved å organisere diskusjonen om begrepene ‘egalitarian permeability, ‘pragmatic egalitarianism’ og ‘sociallabour’ argumenterer vi for at den egalitære kulturen i norske (åpne) fengsler er formet av normer og verdier i det norske samfunnet, og av de pragmatiske valgene fangene gjør for å håndtere fengselshverdagen best mulig.
Mat, makt och motstånd: Om konflikter inom tvångsvård
Authors: Pettersson Tove
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article discusses how food constitutes a source of conflict at locked compulsory care institutions for youth and adults. The conflicts that arise are often about where, when and what one is allowed to eat, and can have serious consequences such as isolation of the inmate. Both the inmates and the staff describe these conflicts as being about »small things«. But while the staff maintains this level of interpretation, stories from the  inmates reveal that in the context of the total institution, these »small things« can be very significant. The rules regarding food are both a reminder of the loss of the outside world and evidence of the loss of control and power that comes with confinement. The results show that younger inmates are more thoroughly controlled than their older counterparts in several respects.
Els epítets dels artistes baixmedievals al servei dels poders reial i municipal
Authors: Granell Sales Francesc
Published: April 2021

Aquest article estudia els adjectius que van rebre els artistes que treballaren per al rei i per a les elits ciutadanes en els territoris de parla catalana durant els segles XIV i XV. En particular, se n’hi examinen dos: apte i subtil. Les notícies exhumades per uns altres especialistes fins al moment permeten comprendre’ls en el propi context documental. Ací es compara el seu significat amb uns altres exemples de la literatura baixmedieval de la Corona d’Aragó i es du a terme una apro­ximació històrica com a paraules que al·ludien a la perícia de l’artista i que van ser escollides amb una finalitat. Participaren i repercutiren, per tant, en la relació històrica de l’artista amb el client, d’entre els quals sobresortí el rei Pere el Cerimoniós. Les definicions que oferim complementen les que s’especifiquen als diccionaris històrics i subratllen la consideració específica que es tenia de les qualitats d’un artista.
Zweig i el dimoni. Presències i absències de la recepció d’una figura europea a Catalunya
Authors: Pla Xavier
Published: April 2021

Durant dècades, la figura i les obres de l’escriptor austríac Stefan Zweig (Viena, 1881 - Pe­tròpolis, Brasil, 1942) van gaudir a Catalunya del benefici d’una popularitat inigualable. Més enllà dels elogis i de les crítiques, Zweig, que és indiscutiblement un dels escriptors més famosos del segle vint, va interessar i implicar escriptors, artistes, crítics, traductors, polítics, i tota mena d’agents culturals en una recepció crítica de la seva obra a Catalunya que està, encara, per estudiar exhaustivament i per interpretar adequadament.
En aquest article, es proposa una primera interpretació de la recepció crítica de Zweig a Barcelona, la qual, per més anecdòtica, episòdica i tangencial que sigui, forçosament reflecteix les mateixes contradiccions i fluctuacions de la recepció global de l’autor. A partir de l’anàlisi de les seves primeres traduccions, de la relació amb Salvador Dalí, de la trobada amb Eugeni d’Ors o Joan Estelrich, de la repercussió en la premsa de la seva mort o dels debats que va suscitar la seva obra entre idealistes i escèptics, s’analitzen alguns episodis que assenyalen línies majors d’interpretació de l’obra i el pensament de Zweig.
Understanding Michigan's Electoral Competitiveness: Swing Counties 1976-2018
Authors: KLEMANSKI JOHN S. , DULIO DAVID A. , CARR DOUGLAS A.
Published: April 2021

Considerable media attention was given to the so-called “pivot counties” in the U.S. and in Michigan that flipped from supporting Barack Obama twice to voting for Donald Trump in 2016. We first summarize theories of voting behavior and speculate about why Michigan has been consistently competitive over the years. We explore 40 years' worth of county-level presidential and gubernatorial election results in Michigan to determine how frequently counties have flipped across a large number of elections. We find that a number of Michigan counties frequently flip between elections, but the number of competitive Michigan counties has substantially declined in recent decades. Turnout in larger counties can affect election outcomes, and large counties that swing have been key bellwethers in past elections, and should be a major focus of research on future elections in Michigan.
Identification of functionally distinct macrophage subpopulations in Drosophila
Authors: Coates Jonathon Alexis , Brooks Elliot , Brittle Amy Louise , Armitage Emma Louise , Zeidler Martin Peter , Evans Iwan Robert
Published: April 2021

Vertebrate macrophages are a highly heterogeneous cell population, but whileDrosophilablood is dominated by a macrophage-like lineage (plasmatocytes), until very recently these cells were considered to represent a homogeneous population. Here, we present our identification of enhancer elements labelling plasmatocyte subpopulations, which vary in abundance across development. These subpopulations exhibit functional differences compared to the overall population, including more potent injury responses and differential localisation and dynamics in pupae and adults. Our enhancer analysis identified candidate genes regulating plasmatocyte behaviour: pan-plasmatocyte expression of one such gene (Calnexin14D) improves wound responses, causing the overall population to resemble more closely the subpopulation marked by theCalnexin14D-associated enhancer. Finally, we show that exposure to increased levels of apoptotic cell death modulates subpopulation cell numbers. Taken together this demonstrates macrophage heterogeneity inDrosophila, identifies mechanisms involved in subpopulation specification and function and facilitates the use ofDrosophilato study macrophage heterogeneity in vivo.
UBTD1 regulates ceramide balance and endolysosomal positioning to coordinate EGFR signaling
Authors: Torrino Stéphanie , Tiroille Victor , Dolfi Bastien , Dufies Maeva , Hinault Charlotte , Bonesso Laurent , Dagnino Sonia , Uhler Jennifer , Irondelle Marie , Gay Anne-sophie , Fleuriot Lucile , Debayle Delphine , Lacas-Gervais Sandra , Cormont Mireille , Bertero Thomas , Bost Frederic , Gilleron Jerome , Clavel Stephan
Published: April 2021

To adapt in an ever-changing environment, cells must integrate physical and chemical signals and translate them into biological meaningful information through complex signaling pathways. By combining lipidomic and proteomic approaches with functional analysis, we have shown that ubiquitin domain-containing protein 1 (UBTD1) plays a crucial role in both the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) self-phosphorylation and its lysosomal degradation. On the one hand, by modulating the cellular level of ceramides through N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1 (ASAH1) ubiquitination, UBTD1 controls the ligand-independent phosphorylation of EGFR. On the other hand, UBTD1, via the ubiquitination of Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) by RNF26 and endolysosome positioning, participates in the lysosomal degradation of EGFR. The coordination of these two ubiquitin-dependent processes contributes to the control of the duration of the EGFR signal. Moreover, we showed that UBTD1 depletion exacerbates EGFR signaling and induces cell proliferation emphasizing a hitherto unknown function of UBTD1 in EGFR-driven human cell proliferation.
Cells under pressure
Authors: Indana Dhiraj , Chaudhuri Ovijit
Published: April 2021

A new method for applying solid stress to aggregates of cells is shedding light on the impact of mechanical forces on cancer cells.
Labor Insertion of Italian Professionals in Valencia: Between Emerging and Traditional Professions
Authors: Ingellis Anna Giulia , Esteban Fernando Osvaldo
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the first results of a case study of Italian professionals’ mobility to the city of Valencia (Spain), highlighting the heterogeneity of the labor insertion paths within and between groups of emerging and traditional professionals. A qualitative method was used: 25 in-depth interviews and a two-year observation in virtual and real communities were carried out. According to our analysis, the heterogeneity of the labor insertion itineraries, revealed by the migrants’ narratives, can be understood by taking account of the various combinations of social, economic, and cultural capital with which the Italian professionals were endowed.
Shared Spaces or Shelters for Precarious Workers? Coworking Spaces in Italy
Authors: Pacchi Carolina , Mariotti Ilaria
Published: April 2021

This paper critically discusses the relationship between new workspaces, such as Coworking Spaces (CSs), professionals using such spaces, and the related work patterns, looking at the Italian context in particular. There appears to be a mismatch between the educational level of such workers, their expertise and expected professional status on the one hand, and their reality in terms of employment precariousness and low income, on the other. It appears that CSs and, more in general, new shared workspaces act more as shelters from a difficult and exclusionary job market than as mainly ‘serendipity accelerators’. The hypothesis of this article is that, through a careful interpretation of the emerging dimensions and spatial effects of CSs, it is possible to more clearly identify some dynamics of inclusion and exclusion on the one hand, and of sharing and competition on the other, that characterize the job path of new knowledge-based occupational groups.
Commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculant failed to establish in a vineyard despite priority advantage
Authors: Thomsen Corrina , Loverock Laura , Kokkoris Vasilis , Holland Taylor , Bowen Patricia A. , Hart Miranda
Published: April 2021

Background

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associate with most plants and can increase nutrient uptake. As a result, commercial inoculants called “biofertilizers” containing AM fungi have been developed and marketed to increase plant performance. However, successful establishment of these inoculants remains a challenge, and may be negatively impacted by competition with fungi already present (priority effects). Perennial agriculture may be more amenable if inoculants can be successfully established on crops prior to field planting.

Methods

Here, we inoculate grapevine (Vitis vinifera) with a commercial inoculant in three treatments designed to manipulate the strength and direction of priority effects and quantified the abundance of the fungal strain before and after introduction using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).

Results

We found that the introduced strain did not establish in any treatment, even with priority advantage, and inoculated vines did not differ in performance from non-inoculated vines. Fungal abundance was not greater than in pre-inoculation soil samples during any of the five years sampled and may have been impaired by high available phosphorus levels in the soil. This study highlights the need to understand and evaluate how the management of the agricultural system will affect establishment before introduction of “biofertilizers”, which is often unpredictable.
Impact of Bi-Parental Mating on Character Association in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Prakash Ved , Pancholi S. R.
Published: April 2021

Correlation between grain yield and contributing characters in 100 biparental progenies (BIPs) developed from a barley cross RD-2035 x RD-2552 and corresponding F3 progenies were compared. The correlation coefficients in BIPs were found generally of higher magnitude than F3 progenies. Even, non-significant negative association in F3 between grain yield per plant and harvest index converted into significant and positive in BIP progenies. Higher degree of positive and significant correlation was observed in tillers per plant, spikelets per spike and grain per spike with grain yield per plant in BIPs as well as F3 population.
A Case of Sigmoid Colon Cancer Prolapsed Through the Anus in a Young Woman
Authors: Enomoto Masanobu , Katsumata Kenji , Kasahara Kenta , Tago Tomoya , Okazaki Naoto , Kuwabara Hiroshi , Mazaki Junichi , Kawakita Hideaki , Ishizaki Tetsuo , Nagakawa Yuichi , Tsuchida Akihiko
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Intussusception in which colon cancer acts as a lead point has been previously reported in a number of cases, but prolapse of the tumor through the anus has rarely been reported, and most of those few previous reports have involved elderly individuals.

Case presentation

The patient in this case was a 26-year-old Japanese woman who presented to our emergency department with severe pain after her intestinal tract prolapsed through the anus during defecation. The intussusception was released laparoscopically, and we were able to perform complete mesocolic excision in a manner similar to conventional laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for sigmoid colon cancer prolapse through the anus in a young woman. Because liver metastases were identified on computed tomography, the patient underwent partial hepatectomy twice.

Conclusion

The patient has been followed up for 8 years since the initial surgery and remains alive without recurrence.
Inhibition of electrogenic anion entry into rat liver mitochondria by N,N'‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
Authors: Warhurst Ian W. , Dawson Alan P. , Selwyn Michael J.
Published: July 2002

The carboxyl group reagent dicyclohexylcarbodiimide inhibits the electrogenic entry of Cl− and NO3
− into rat liver mitochondria at alkaline pH. The inhibition is time dependent and 50% inhibition is obtained by the addition of 3–4 nmol DCCD/mg protein. The blockage of the pH‐dependent anion‐conducting pore appears to be unrelated to the other known actions of DCCD on rat liver mitochondria but seems similar to its effect on the uncoupling protein of brown adipose tissue.
Wax ester fermentation in Euglena gracilis
Authors: Inui Hiroshi , Miyatake Kazutaka , Nakano Yoshihisa , Kitaoka Shozaburo
Published: July 2002

Aerobically grown Euglena gracilis, a bleached mutant, shows a prompt synthesis of wax esters with the concomitant fall of the paramylon (a β‐1,3‐glucan) content upon exposure to anaerobiosis. Bringing the anaerobic cells back to aerobiosis causes the reverse conversions. The anaerobic wax ester formation is accompanied by a net synthesis of ATP. The transition between the fermentation and respiration occurs at 10−5–10−7 M of the O2 concentration.
Activation of protein kinase isoenzymes under near physiological conditions
Authors: Øgreid Dagfinn , Døskeland Stein Ove
Published: July 2002

cAMP‐dependent protein kinase I and II (cAKI and cAKII) were incubated under near physiological conditions in the presence of various concentrations of 8‐N3‐c[3H]AMP or c[3H]AMP. Both types (A and B) of cyclic nucleotide binding sites of cAKI or cAKII were occupied to a similar extent and the degree of their occupation correlated with the degree of kinase activation. cAKI cAKII bound cAMP in an apparent positively cooperative manner in the presence of Mg2+, ATP. 8‐N3‐c[3H]AMP dissociated several orders of magnitude faster from site A than site B of the regulatory moeity of cAKII, and was photo‐incorporated only when bound to site B.
Galanin — a novel biologically active peptide from porcine intestine
Authors: Tatemoto Kazuhiko , Rökaeus Åke , Jörnvall Hans , McDonald Thomas J. , Mutt Viktor
Published: July 2002

The isolation of a novel biologically active peptide, designated galanin, is described. The peptide was discovered by the detection of its C‐terminal amide structure in porcine intestinal extract using a chemical method. It was found that galanin consists of 29 amino acids and the complete amino acid sequence is: contract smooth muscle preparations from the rat and to cause a mild and sustained hyperglycemia in dog.
1H‐NMR studies of the histidine residues of human choriogonadotropin and its α‐ and β‐subunits
Authors: Frankenne F. , Maghuin-Rogister G. , Birdsall B. , Roberts G.C.K.
Published: July 2002

The pH‐dependence of the chemical shifts of the imidazole C2‐proton resonances of the 4 histidine residues of human choriogonadotropin has been determined in the intact hormone and in its isolated α‐ and β‐subunits. The single histidine of the β‐subunit and two of the histidines of the α‐subunit show only minor changes in pK when the subunits recombine. However, one histidine of the α‐subunit, tentatively identified as Hisα83, has a very low pK (≤2.4) in the isolated subunit and increases markedly on recombination with the β‐subunit, strongly suggesting that a conformational change occurs. This behaviour is closely similar to that reported earlier for porcine lutropin.
Acylation: A new post‐translational modification specific for plasma membrane‐associated simian virus 40 large T‐antigen
Authors: Klockmann Ulrich , Deppert Wolfgang
Published: July 2002

SV40 transformed mouse cells (mKSA) were labeled in parallel with either [35S]methionine or [3H]palmitate and subfractionated. Nuclear extracts and solubilized plasma membranes were analyzed for the presence of either 35S‐ or 3H‐labeled SV40 large tumor antigen by immunoprecipitation and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The majority of the [35S]methionine labeled large T was recovered from the nuclear fraction, only minor amounts were detected in plasma membranes. In contrast, large T labeled specifically with [3H]palmitate was found only in the plasma membrane fraction. Our results demonstrate a specific acylation of large T associated with plasma membranes, suggesting that the membrane location of this predominantly nuclear protein is specific.
The effect of N6‐phenylisopropyladenosine on the regulation of fat cell hexose transport, glucose oxidation and fatty acid release by insulin and catecholamines
Authors: Souness John E. , Thompson W.Joseph , Strada Samuel J. , Stouffer John E.
Published: July 2002

N
6‐Phenylisopropyladenosine was employed in the absence of endogenous adenosine to explore the influence exerted by the R‐site over the antagonistic interaction of insulin and catecholamines on several parameters of fat cell metabolism. When no hormones were present, N
6‐phenylisopropyladenosine had little or no effect; however, the nucleoside potentiated insulin inhibition of catecholamine‐stimulated events, such as lipolysis, and conversely, diminished or blocked catecholamine inhibition of insulin‐stimulated processes, such as 2‐deoxyglucose uptake, glucose oxidation and esterification, even under conditions where N
6‐phenylisopropyladenosine, alone, was ineffective in reversing catecholamine actions.
Benzylaminopurine‐induced coupling between calmodulin and Ca‐ATPase in wheat root microsomal membranes
Authors: Oláh Zoltán , Bérczi Alajos , Erdei László
Published: July 2002

The properties of the Ca‐ATPase prepared from roots of wheat seedlings treated with benzylaminopurine were studied. The affinity of the ATPase towards Ca2+, plant or erythrocyte calmodulin increased after the hormonal treatment. It seems that in the membrane calmodulin‐bonding sites were induced by benzylaminopurine, contributing to an increased affinity of the ATPase. The lower Ca‐content of the hormone‐treated plants suggests that in vivo the Ca‐ATPase is involved in a Ca‐extrusion process.
Why do c‐type cytochromes exist?
Authors: Wood Paul M.
Published: July 2002

The hypothesis presented is that the different classes of c‐type cytochrome originated as proteins located in the bacterial periplasmic space, or on the periplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane. In these locations, covalent bonds between haem and protein prevented the haem from being lost to the surrounding medium. Subsequent evolution has led to internal location of c‐type cytochromes in eucaryotes and cyanobacteria. The covalent links have been retained because of their structural role; a b‐type cytochrome could be created with similar molecular properties, but its formation would require a large evolutionary jump. If this hypothesis is correct, it should be useful in unravelling electron transport chains with unconventional donors or acceptors. Apparent exceptions deserve further investigation.
In vitro degradation of the C‐terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin by ‘enkephalinase A’
Authors: Deschodt-Lanckman Monique , Strosberg A.Donny
Published: July 2002

As the C‐terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin represents a putative neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, the membrane‐bound enzymes involved in its inactivation were investigated. Two aminopeptidases, involved in the cleavage of enkephalins, and a metalloendopeptidase were identified in extracts of solubilized synaptic membranes. The metalloendopeptidase, which cleaves CCK‐8 at the Trp30—Met31 bond, appeared to be indistinguishable from ‘enkephalinase A1’ on the basis of its chromatographic behaviour, sensitivity to inhibitors and relative affinities for Met‐ and Leu‐enkephalins. This finding indicates that CCK‐8 is inactivated in vitro by the same peptidases as enkephalins.
Evidence for two structurally related progesterone receptors in chick oviduct cytosol
Authors: Gronemeyer Hinrich , Harry Paula , Chambon Pierre
Published: July 2002

The existence of two progesterone receptor forms present in crude cytosol of chick oviduct has been demonstrated by photoaffinity labelling using [3H]R5020. On SDS—polyacrylamide gels these two forms exhibit app. M
r‐values of 79 000 and 109 000 corresponding to the progesterone receptor forms A and B. Peptide maps of photoaffinity‐labelled steroid receptors have been established by limited proteolysis with α‐chymotrypsin. The peptide map obtained for chick oviduct cytosol progesterone receptor crosslinked with [3H]R5020 proved to be the sum of peptides obtained from partially purified preparations of forms A and B. The peptide maps of both progesterone receptor forms were identical for peptides below the M
r‐value of form A, indicating extensive homology of the two forms. A significantly different peptide pattern was observed for the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor crosslinked with [3H]triamcinolone acetonide. Prolonged proteolysis with chymotrypsin gave rise to peptides with M
r‐values of 6000 and 10 000 from the hormone‐binding domain of progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors, respectively.
Preferential enhancement of myoblast differentiation by insulin‐like growth factors (IGF I and IGF II) in primary cultures of chicken embryonic cells
Authors: Schmid Ch. , Steiner Th. , Froesch E.R.
Published: July 2002

Cells prepared from the body walls of chicken embryos were plated in the absence of serum. Insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) barely stimulated cell replication, but preferentially enhanced the differentiation of muscle cells. Myoblast fusion was favoured in the presence of IGF (or insulin). Concomitantly, acetylcholinesterase activity increased. IGF I and IGF II were equipotent and active in low physiological concentrations, in contrast to insulin, which was known for a long time to exert such effects at pharmacological concentrations.
The mechanism of amine inhibition of the photosynthetic oxygen evolving complex
Authors: Sandusky Peter O. , Yocum Charles F.
Published: July 2002

Amines inhibit photosynthetic oxygen evolution by binding to manganese in the oxygen evolving complex. This inhibition is more effective if chloride is absent. Steady‐state kinetic analyses show that ammonia and chloride compete for the same site in the oxygen evolving complex; inhibition of oxygen evolution by either chloride depletion or by ammonia addition induces Signal IIf, which saturates at high microwave power. These data indicate that chloride is bound at the manganese site in the oxygen evolving complex. We propose that the anion functions as a bridging ligand mediating electron transfer between manganese atoms and perhaps also between manganese and Z, the primary donor to P680.
Uptake to adenosine in a marine bacterium is not an active transport process
Authors: Bengis-Garber Carmela
Published: July 2002

The uptake and intracellular interconversions of [8‐14C]adenosine in a marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi were investigated under varying physiological conditions. The results indicated that in contrast with the current views, translocation of adenosine across the cytoplasmic membrane in Vibrio harveyi was not driven by respiration. The uptake of adenosine was dependent upon its intracellular utilization and was inhibited under conditions preventing its metabolic conversions.
The phorbol ester TPA increases the affinity of exocytosis for calcium in ‘leaky’ adrenal medullary cells
Authors: Knight D.E. , Baker P.F.
Published: July 2002

Exposure of ‘leaky’ bovine adrenal medullary cells to the phorbol ester TPA causes a shift in the calcium‐activation curve to lower calcium concentrations without altering the levels of secretion at the extremes of the activation curve. These results are consistent with a role for protein kinase C in exocytosis.
ATP synthesis and hydrolysis in submitochondrial particles subjected to an acid—base transition
Authors: Husain Iqbal , Harris David A.
Published: July 2002

ATP hydrolysis or succinate oxidation by inhibitor‐rich submitochondrial particles leads to a 3‐fold increase in ATPase activity, with concomitant loss of about 30% of bound inhibitor protein. An acid—base transition causes similar, but smaller, effects (a 30% ATPase increase, and a loss of 8% of the inhibitor). Omitting the electrical component of the gradient completely abolished these effects. The inhibitor protein inhibits ADP phosphorylation induced by an acid—base transition but not by NADH oxidation. This is suggested to reflect the slow movement of the inhibitor protein and the brief period of acid—base jump phosphorylation.
The amount and nature of glutathione transferases in rat liver microsomes determined by immunochemical methods
Authors: Morgenstern Ralf , Guthenberg Claes , Mannervik Bengt , DePierre Joseph W.
Published: July 2002

The amount and nature of glutathione transferases in rat liver microsomes were determined using immunological techniques. It was shown that cytosolic glutathione transferase subunits A plus C, and B plus L were present at levels of 2.4 ± 0.6 and 1.5 ± 0.1 μg/mg microsomal protein, respectively. These levels are 10‐times higher than those for non‐specific binding of cytosolic components judging from the distribution of lactate dehydrogenase, a cytosolic marker. The possibility that a portion of these glutathione transferases is functionally localized on the endoplasmic reticulum is discussed. A previously described microsomal glutathione transferase which is distinct from the cytosolic enzymes is present in an amount of 31 ± 6 μg/mg microsomal protein.
Proline‐ and alanine‐rich N‐terminal extension of the basic bovine β‐crystallin B1 chains
Authors: Berbers G.A.M. , Hoekman W.A. , Bloemendal H. , de Jong W.W. , Kleinschmidt T. , Braunitzer G.
Published: July 2002

The amino acid sequence of the N‐terminal region of the two basic bovine β‐crystallin B1 chains has been analyzed. The results reveal that βB1b is derived in vivo from the primary gene product βB1a by removal of a short N‐terminal sequence. It appears that the βB1 chains have the same domain structure as observed in other β‐ and γ‐crystallin chains. They have, however, a very long N‐terminal extension in comparison with other β‐chains. This extension is mainly composed of a remarkable Pro‐ and Ala‐rich sequence, which suggests an interaction of these structural proteins with the cytoskeleton and/or the plasma membranes of the lens cells.