bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial activity of several Indonesian plant extracts and combination of antibiotics with Syzygium malaccense extract as the most active substance
Authors: Yuniarni U  , Sukandar E Y  , Fidrianny I
Published: July 2020

Natural products have an important role in the development of drugs, especially as an antibacterial. Some plant extracts in Indonesia such as Syzygium (Myrtaceae) and Graptophyllum (Acanthaceae) have been used empirically for the treatment of non-infectious diseases, and are also for management infections such as throat, mouth and vaginal infections, dysentery and diarrhea. The objectives of this study are to investigate antibacterial activity of 11 extracts from ten plants which were used in traditional medicine in Indonesia to treat infection disease and to evaluate interaction between potential antibacterial extract and antibiotics. Antibacterial activity and combination extract with antibiotics were evaluated using agar diffusion method on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among the ten plants, Syzygium malaccense leaves extract, and Nephelium lappaceum peel and leaves extracts showed significant antibacterial activity. They have antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative. S. malaccense extract had better antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa compared to the other tested bacteria and provided better activity compared to N. lappaceum leaves extract. Phytochemical screening showed that S. malaccense leaves extract contained flavonoid, tannin, quinone, phenol and triterpenoid/steroid. The combination of S. malaccense extract with antibiotics showed that the usage of S. malaccense extract together with ciprofloxacin gave antagonistic result, so the usage of S. malaccense extract together with ciprofloxacin needs caution because it can reduce the effect of ciprofloxacin.
Evaluation of the anticonvulsant activity of the phosphodiesterase III inhibitor cilostazol in the animal model of epilepsy
Authors: Sadgunottama goud kamparaj  , Kudagi B L  , Karikal H P  , Muthiah N S  , Pravin Kumar R
Published: July 2020

The present study is objected to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the phosphodiesterase III inhibitor cilostazol in the animal model of epilepsy. Conventional anti-epileptic rodent models like Maximal Electric Shock (MES)- induced convulsions and Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced convulsions were used. The animals were randomly divided into six groups, with six rats in every group. Here anti-epileptic activity of cilostazol with two different doses (10 mg/kg i.p and 20 mg/kg i.p) was compared with standard drug and standard drug + Cilostazol two different doses (10 mg/kg i.p and 20 mg/kg i.p). Cilostazol (20 mg/kg i.p) exhibited an anticonvulsant effect in MES-induced and PTZ induced convulsion models over the Control group and cilostazol (10 mg/kg i.p). Standard drugs were shown superiority in seizure suppression activity than cilostazol (20 mg/kg i.p). The time duration of onset of clonic convulsion and period of clonic convulsions in PTZ induced convulsion were increased and decreased respectively when compared to Standard drug + cilostazol both doses and standard drug alone. Phenytoin abolished convulsions induced by MES- convulsion model. So the present study established that cilostazol has low anticonvulsant efficacy in comparison with conventional drugs (Phenytoin and Sodium Valproate). The potentiating effect of cilostazol with standard drugs was also demonstrated.
THE ROLE OF STAKEHOLDERS ASSISTING TEENAGERS IN RESPONDING TO CYBER MEDIA
Authors: Suryawati I Gusti Agung Alit
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to understand the behavior of teenagers in accessing cyber media, as well as the efforts of stakeholders to assist them in responding to cyber media. This research is a type of qualitative research. The research data were collected through document study, observation and interview with 15 informants, consisting of educators, parent representatives, community leaders, youth leaders and mass media observers from Denpasar City, Badung Regency, Gianyar Regency and Buleleng Regency. The data analysis was done descriptive-interpretively. The results showed that teenagers were good at utilizing social media applications such as BBM, Facebook, Twitter, WA, Line, and Instagram. They also used email, Wikipedia, Mailing list, Youtube, Weblog, and Blogsite to correspond with their friends and access information. But the information consumed by teenagers from the internet has the potential to affect their consumptive behavior, adopt a shortcut culture, as well as individual behavior that weakens social solidarity. The family, educational institutions, peers, and the government have a strategic role in anticipating the negative impact of internet (cyber media) on teenagers. Efforts of developing education-oriented sites need to be made.
Experimental methods for determining the effective neutron multiplication factor of the “Yalina-Thermal” subcritical assembly
Authors: Edchik I. A. , Korbut T. N. , Kuzmin A. V. , Mazanik S. E. , Togushov V. P. , Kravchenko M. O.
Published: July 2020

To study the kinetics of subcritical systems and determine the optimal conditions for the transmutation of longlived radioactive waste in the neutron spectrum of ADS-systems the “Yalina” research nuclear facility was created at Joint Institute for Power and Nuclear Research – Sosny (Minsk, Belarus). The main safety indicator of a subcritical system (active zone reactivity) was measured for a “Yalina-Thermal” assembly via three independent methods: inverse multiplication, probabilistic and impulse ones. For the inverse multiplication method, the neutron flux density was monitored during assembly loading. For a fuel load of 285 EK-10 rods the neutron multiplication was M = 22.3±0.6, and the effective neutron multiplication coefficient was keff = 0.9551± 0.0016. The probabilistic method (Feynman-alpha method), based on measuring fluctuations in the neutron density level within a system with a fission chain reaction, gave the ratio of the variance to the average counting rate value D/n = 1.779±0.005, which corresponds to keff = 0.9597 ±0.0003. The pulse method is aimed at studying the neutron flux behavior of after the neutron pulse injection into the breeding system. Measurements were held with the same setup, used in the Feynman-alpha method. The measured decay constant of instantaneous neutrons is α = –670±0.7 1/s, which corresponds to keff = 0.9560±0.0001. The effective multiplication factor keff of the subcritical assembly “Yalina-Thermal”, obtained via three different independent methods, is around average value of keff = 0.9569 ± 0.0018. The methods considered can be used for subcritical level monitoring for ADS-systems and research nuclear facilities.
Assessment of activity resources by nomenclature of main radiation-hazardous radionuclides during the long-term management of spent nuclear fuel of the Belarusian NPP
Authors: Korchova J. A. , Harbachova N. V. , Kuzmina N. D. , Kulich N. V.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the study is calculation research of the radiation characteristics of fission products and actinides at different phases of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) management of the Belarusian Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). The study is aimed at the scientific support of the government decision as determined by the “On approval of the spent nuclear fuel management Strategy of the Belarusian nuclear power plant”. А probabilistic forecasting model and an effective code CUB for the spent nuclear fuel radioactivity inventory assessment were developed by the authors. Radionuclides activities as function of nuclear fuel burnup for nuclear fuel with the initial enrichment on the 235U equals to 4.81 % on the base of approximation relations of Regulation RB-093-14 (Moskow, 2014) have been calculated. Basic relations between specific activities of the main hazardous fission products and actinide, the SNF burnup and initial degree of fuel enrichment were analyzed. The rates of decrease of individual and total fission products and actinides activities of the Units №1 and 2 of the Belarusian NPP were obtained depending on the specific phase of spent SNF management. The results are of value for decision-making on ecology acceptable SNF management option introduced by Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy of the Belarusian NPP.
Lugares ¿Qué lugares?
Authors: Parra Bañón José Joaquín
Published: July 2020

Lugares ¿Qué lugares? sospecha que los vínculos y las correspondencias entre el océano desmedido del capitán Ahab y la oficina cenobítica de Bartleby van más allá de Melville: que trascienden a su autor y al escueto universo de la palabra. ¿Qué tienen en común el regazo humano en el que alguien se cobija, la caverna en la que el ermitaño se aísla, el recinto limitado por el paréntesis, un escenario dramático y una ciudad construida con líneas o compuesta por imágenes? ¿Cuándo un sitio, un espacio, una atmósfera, un texto, una arquitectura, una cartografía o una secuencia se transforma en lugar y cómo, por qué pierde su condición de tal? Hilvanadas con interrogantes, en Lugares ¿Qué lugares? cohabitan ciertas conjeturas.
Analisis Capital Expenditure Dan Operating Cost Terhadap Keputusan Investasi
Authors: Ruswandi Rivaldi Muslim , Jhoansyah Dicky , Sunarya Erry
Published: July 2020

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh capital expenditure dan operating cost terhadap keputusan investasi. Objek penelitian dalam penelitian ini ialah 3tahun laporan keuangan pada perusahaan-perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah dengan metode kuantitatif pendekatan deskriptif dan asosiatif. Sampel yang digunakan ialah dengan menggunakan pendekatan Nonprobability Sampling dengan metode Purposive Sampling, dari 18 perusahaan anggota subsektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di BEI terpilihlah 10 perusahaan menjadi sampel penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data ialah dengan menggunakan data sekunder yaitu dengan dokumentasi dan studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah regresi linier berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan adanya pengaruh secara positif dan signifikan dari capital expenditure terhadap keputusan investasi, adanya pengaruh secara negatif dari operating cost terhadap keputusan investasi namun tidak signifikan. Dan adanya pengaruh secara bersama-sama dari capital expenditure dan operating cost secara signifikan, dengan tingkat pengaruh sebesar 20,2%.
The Making of a Soviet Hero: the Case of Spartacus
Authors: Rudenko Oleksii
Published: July 2020

This article examines the process of establishing the image of ancient slave rebellion leader Spartacus in the early Soviet era, with a focus on the 1920s and 1930s. Although the image of Spartacus in Soviet historiography has been investigated by scholars, the process of acculturation and reception of his figure within toponymy, onomastics, sport, and history-writing has not been researched as a holistic approach of Soviet propaganda. This article traces how and why Spartacus’s image became the primary figure of the classical antiquity in Soviet propaganda of the 1920s. The article argues that it was not Soviet historiography in the 1920s that shaped his image to be embodied in the Soviet narratives and public space. Rather, art, local toponymy, and sports created and promoted a particularly Soviet reception of Spartacus in the 1920s and 1930s which provided implications for socialist Central-Eastern European countries in the post-World War II era.
Connected but not Engaged: A Tale of Two Governorship Candidates’ Social Media Mobilization in a Gubernatorial Contest in Oyo State, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ademola Adebiyi Rasheed , Olansile Ajetunmobi Umar , Opeyemi Olawale Jelilat
Published: July 2020

The study analyses the engagement of potential voters with two major candidates for governor in the 2019 gubernatorial election in Oyo State, South-West Nigeria. The study explored the interaction, pattern of engagement as well as the extent to which their followers focused on issues of their campaigns on Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. To achieve these aims, the researchers put forward content-analysis of 3,193 comments of the followers of the two candidates on the three platforms from December 2018 to February 2019, using purposive and constructed week sampling techniques. Results showed that the two candidates were able to engage followers on the selected online social media platforms. However, one had a more robust engagement than his rival. It was also noted that a large percentage of their followers (1,409 in 3,193) did not key into the campaign issues as expected. Despite the level of engagement, a one-way communication pattern was noticed on the part of the two candidates. Their followers’ questions and observations were ignored. It is therefore recommended that media strategists of politicians should always make their engagement with the citizens online two-way symmetrical. Social media platforms should equally not be downplayed in political campaigns by Nigerian politicians.
Predicting the risk of re-infection from SARS-CoV-2 using the known pattern of adaptive immune response to previous human coronavirus outbreaks
Authors: Ojo Ademola Samuel , Okediji Paul Toluwatope , Akin-Onitolo Ayotemide P. , Ojo Olusegun S. , Opaleye Oluyinka Oladele
Published: July 2020

This paper attempts to answer the question: are recovered COVID-19 patients protected from re-infection? This review draws evidence from comparisons between immune responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which are phylogenetically closely related to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Relevant studies were identified and reviewed based on searches conducted using PubMed. Full-text original studies on short- and long-term immune responses to human coronaviruses were included. The immune dysfunction and clinical manifestations in SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV were found to be similar. Infections with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV trigger the production of antibodies and memory B- and T-cells. Serum IgM is detectable within 7 days, peak at 21-30 days and become undetectable by 180 days. IgG is detectable at 7 days, peak at 90 days, and decline to undetected levels by 2 years post-infection. Memory B- and T-cells persist in the body for up to 2 and 6 years respectively after initial infection. The short-term risk of SARS-CoV-2 re-infection is predictably low based on similarities in the short term adaptive immune response to kindred coronaviruses. However, more research will be required to determine the long-term adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and factors that may influence the existence of short- and long-term immunity against the virus.
Seeing no pain: Assessing the generalizability of racial bias in pain perception
Authors: Mende-Siedlecki Peter , Lin Jingrun , Ferron Sloan , Gibbons Christopher , Drain Alexis , Goharzad Azaadeh
Published: July 2020

Previous work demonstrates that racial disparities in pain care may stem, in part, from perceptual roots. It remains unresolved, however, whether this perceptual gap is driven by general deficits in intergroup emotion recognition, endorsement of specific racial stereotypes, or an interaction between the two. We conducted four experiments (total N = 635) assessing relationships between biases in pain perception and treatment with biases in the perception of anger, happiness, fear, and sadness. Participants saw Black and White targets making increasingly painful and angry (Experiment 1), happy (Experiment 2), fearful (Experiment 3), or sad expressions (Experiment 4). The effect of target race consistently varied based on the emotion presented. Participants consistently saw pain more readily on White (versus Black) faces. However, while the perception of sadness was also disrupted on Black faces, the perception of anger, fear, and happiness did not vary by target race. Moreover, the tendency to see pain less readily on Black faces predicted similar disruptions in recognizing (particularly negative) expressions, though only racial bias in pain perception facilitated similar biases in treatment. Finally, while endorsement of racial stereotypes about threat facilitated recognition of angry expressions and impeded recognition of happy expressions on Black faces, gaps in pain perception were not reliably related to stereotype endorsement. These data suggest that while racial bias in pain perception is associated with general disruptions in recognizing negative emotion on Black faces, the effects of target race on pain perception are particularly robust and have distinct consequences for gaps in treatment recommendations.
Dialéctica de la investigación interdisciplinar en humanidades
Authors: Rodriguez Andres
Published: July 2020

Las humanidades, como disciplinas que proponen una dialéctica con otras ciencias o conocimientos, plantean en el siglo XXI nuevos restos que son asumidos por las diferentes corrientes del pensamiento. Desde la Filosofía, hasta la Historia, pasando por la Literatura y la Teología, son campos vivos que requieren del dialogo constante entre ellas, para darles un estatuto de conocimiento irrenunciable para la sociedad.
Rights and Deaths: Government Reactions to the Pandemic
Authors: Cheibub Jose Antonio , Hong Ji Yeong Jean , Przeworski Adam
Published: July 2020

Democracies reacted slower than autocracies to the specter of the pandemic, and the most solidly democratic among them were particularly slow to react. We examine at which stages of the spread of the Covid governments introduced four measures that to varying degree abrogate liberal rights: school closings, bans on public meetings, compulsory lockdowns, and shutting work. We conclude that where rights are entrenched, encroaching on them is difficult. Yet we are struck that when the threat of death became sufficiently severe, many democracies resorted to the same measures as autocracies. Still, the reactions of democracies were highly heterogenous and we are unable to account for this heterogeneity.
ACOUSTIC IMPACT OF AIR-CUSHION VESSELS (ACV) ON HYDROBIONTS AND AVIFAUNA IN THE URAL RIVER DELTAAND ESTUARINE COASTAL WATER
Authors: Sadomskij V.V. , Ulanov V.A.
Published: July 2020

Results of experimental and natural surveys of acoustic and hydroacoustic impact of air-cushion vessels (ACV) on hydrobionts and avifauna in the Ural River delta and estuarine coastal water in summer-autumn, 2017 are provided in this article. Parameters of the experimental conditions of hydroacoustic noise propagation in water were calculated on the basis of the waveguide acoustic model developed in the P.P.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology. To assess an impact of acoustic and hydroacoustic impact on hydrobionts and avifauna, field surveys have been conducted including construction of isograms of sound waves propagation in air and water with their cartographic binding. Also, comparative indicators of measurements of acoustic and hydroacoustic noise from various engine type vessels were applied. Considering ultimate threshold levels of air and underwater noise, results of the biological studies allow making conclusion that acoustic and hydroacoustic impact of low speed ACV is below the levels of acoustic and hydroacoustic impact of vessels with traditional types of engines and is not reflected on the conditions of natural life activity of hydrobionts and avifauna
Basketbolcuların Antrenörden Algıladıkları Demokratik ve Otokratik Davranışın Mevkilere Göre Karşılaştırılması
Authors: TAŞTAN Zarife , KESİLMİŞ İnci , TOROS Turhan
Published: July 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, basketbolcuların antrenörden algıladıkları demokratik ve otokratik davranışın mevkilere göre karşılaştırılmasıdır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 2018-2019 sezonunda, basketbol takımlarında oynayan, 212 erkek basketbolcu oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında Sporda Liderlik Ölçeği (Leadership for Sport Scale-LSS) kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler için; Betimsel istatistikler, Kolmogorov Smirnoff- Shapira Wilks testi, Kruskall Wallis-H testi ve Mann Whitney U-testi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, antrenörün, forvet mevkisinde bulunan basketbolculara otokratik davranış düzeyinin guard mevkisinde bulunan basketbolculardan daha fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir. Guard ve uzun mevkisinde bulunan basketbolcuların antrenörden algıladıkları otokratik davranışlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark gözlenmezken, forvet mevkisinde bulunan basketbolcuların antrenörden algıladıkları otokratik davranış düzeylerinin uzun mevkisinde oynayanlardan daha fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir. Antrenörün, guard mevkisinde bulunan basketbolculara forvet mevkisindeki basketbolculardan daha fazla demokratik davrandığı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca antrenörün forvet ve guard mevkisinde bulunan basketbolculara uzun mevkisinde bulunan basketbolculardan daha fazla demokratik davrandığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmamız, basketbolcuların oynadığı mevkinin antrenörün demokratik ve otokratik davranış düzeyini artırmada etkili olduğunu göstermektedir.
Pengaruh Pemberian Pendidikan Kesehatan tentang Perkembangan Penyakit Pasien terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Keluarga ti Ruang ICU-ICCU RSUD Provinsi NTB Tahun 2019
Authors: Sentana Aan Dwi , Pratiwi Nur Ita
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang : Terdapat beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan keluarga merasa cemas dengan kondisi pasien yang dirawat di ICU diantaranya, keluarga takut akan terjadi kecacatan pada pasien, takut akan kehilangan, masalah sosial ekonomi, kurangnya pemberian sebuah informasi atau pendidikan kesehatan dari tenaga kesehatan. Berdasarkan beberapa faktor yang memepengaruhi kecemasan keluarga pasien tersebut, informasi yang diberikan berupa pendidikan kesehatan menjadi satu hal yang sangat penting. Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pendidikan kesehatan tentang perkembangan penyakit pasien terhadap tingkat kecemasan  keluarga. Metode : Desain penelitian ini mengunakan Pra Eksperimental (one group pre post test desig) dengan populasi adalah keluarga yang salah satu anggota keluarganya dirawat di ruang ICU-ICCU RSUD Provinsi NTB. Tehnik Sampling menggunakan Purposive sampling dan didapatkan 17 sampel, pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan di uji menggunakan Uji wilcoxon. Hasil : Data sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan terbanyak responden mengalami kecemasan sedang yaitu 11 responden (64,7%). Setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan terbanyak responden mengalami kecemasan ringan yaitu 9 responden  (52,9%). Hasil penelitian didapatkan (p= 0,000). Kesimpulan: Ada Pengaruh pemberian pendidikan kesehatan tentang perkembangan penyakit pasien terhadap tingkat kecemasan  keluarga di ruang ICU-ICCU RSUD Provinsi NTB
Prilaku Keluarga dalam Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Nutrisi pada Pasien Diabetes Militus di Kabupaten Bima
Authors: M. Ikbal M. Ikbal
Published: July 2020

Pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi pada pasien Diabetes militus  merupakan terapi utama dari lima dasar pengobatan diabetes militus yang dinamakan pentalogi terapi diabetes militus. Adapun kebutuhan nutrisi pada penderita Diabetes militus berpatokan pada  disiplin kebutuhan nutrisi pada pasien diabetes militus yaitu  Jadwal makan, Jenis makanan,  dan Jumlah makanan. Manajemen diet bagi pasien diabetes harus diketahui dan dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh pasien diabetes untuk mengontrol asupan nutrient yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan tubuh.Penelitian ini telah  dilaksanakan di Bima tahun 2019. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian Deskriftif  dimana peneliti ingin melihat suatu gambaran  pada variabel yang diteliti. Berdasarkan tujuan penelitian desain yang digunakan adalah cross sectional yaitu rencana studi yang mengukur variabel penelitian dalam waktu yang bersamaan dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 37 responden. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa bahan makanan, pengolahan makanan, serta pengaturan jadwal makan pasien diabetes  militus rata – rata memiliki pengetahuan kurang. Kepada  keluarga penderita penyakit diabetes melitus harapkan selalu memberikan dukungan yang nyata,pengharapan dan emosional kepada anggota keluarga penderita diabataes miletus
Exploring inclusive education across Europe: some insights from the European Agency Statistics on Inclusive Education
Authors: Ramberg Joacim , Watkins Amanda
Published: July 2020

The European Agency Statistics on Inclusive Education (EASIE) work focuses upon the collection and analysis of longitudinal, comparative national data related to inclusive education systems and learners with officially recognised special educational needs (SEN) among its 31 member countries. In this article, the EASIE work is discussed in relation to the key concepts of presence, placement, participation and progress within inclusive education systems.The findings of the EASIE work indicate differences and variations between countries in how they respond to all learners
Inclusive policies and the perils of dissonance: A case study of an IB public school in Ecuador
Authors: Bittencourt Tiago
Published: July 2020

In 2006, the Ecuadorian Ministry of Education signed an agreement which sought to gradually introduce the International Baccalaureate
ANALYSIS OF TOURISM DESTINATION COMPONENTS OF ZARIA URBAN AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Atuk James J. , Sarki L. H. , Bashariya Baba Mustapha , Ejeh B.
Published: July 2020

Tourism is not just a lucrative sector but the fastest growing industry in the world. Many people travel miles to satisfy their pleasure apatite at any destination where satisfaction can be met. But some destinations are flooded while some are scanty. There are many approaches to investigate this and many studies had been done. But despite all these, each destination is unique in terms of its components and attractions combination, this form the basis for this study. The aim of this study is to analyze tourism destination components in Zaria Kaduna State of Nigeria. Tourists’ opinions were sampled through questionnaire at various strategic centers to cover all tourism elements at the destination. Data collected were analyzed using Importance Performance Analysis technique (IPA). The results prove attraction to be the primary destination component i.e. main attractant, while accommodation and accessibility as secondary attractants (Facilitators) in the destination. The outcomes suggest major shortcomings that are traced to poor advertisement, insecurity in the destination e.t.c. The study established the state of the attractiveness of Zaria as a tourist destination, what components and elements are attractive and are not and the factors that influence these. In line with these, the study proposes recommendation that the local tourism board needs to be rejuvenated in other to enhance the local tourism industries to improve its attractiveness among others.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND LARVICIDAL EFFECT EVALUATION OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (L) LEAF EXTRACT ON DERMESTES MACULATUS (DE GEER, 1774) INFESTATION OF SMOKED CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822)
Authors: Indabo Sadam Sulaiman , Zakari Rufai
Published: July 2020

Dermestes maculatus is a major pest of stored fish in Nigeria, fish is preserved with highly persistent synthetic chemicals. There have been an increasing effort at developing plant-based toxicants that are environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study was conducted to screen the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica for phytochemical constituents. The efficacy of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant against D. maculatus was also evaluated. The leaves of A. indica were obtained, processed and taken to laboratory for methanolic extraction. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, triterpenes and carbohydrates using standard procedure.  Both clean and infested samples of smoke-dried Clarias gariepinus were purchased from Sabon Gari Market, Zaria. The infested samples were used as initial source of D. maculatus larvae. Range finding test was carried out prior to the bioassay. During the bioassay, clean un-infested fish samples were weighed and introduced into kilner jars and respective dosages of 0.2g, 0.4g, 0.6g and 0.8g of extract were added. Another set of fish samples without the extract were maintained as control. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. Fifteen larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into both treated and control containers and covered. Mortality was recorded after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Data obtained revealed an increase in mortality with increasing dose and time. Mortality ranged from 1.67 to 11.00. Therefore, leaf extract of A. indica should be incorporated in the development of larvicide against D. maculatus.
ENGLISH TEACHERS’ VOICES ON COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING FOR READING IN INDONESIAN RURAL CLASSROOMS
Authors: Kustati Martin , Qismullah Yusuf Yunisrina , Maarof Nooreiny
Published: July 2020

The aim of this research was to find out whether English teachers teaching in rural areas in Indonesia are incorporating the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach in their reading classes. The mixed research design included questionnaires, observations and interviews. A questionnaire was administered to 144 teachers in 68 rural high schools in Padang, West Sumatra. Out of these teachers, eight were chosen to be interviewed, and observations were conducted in their classes. Findings of the questionnaire showed that English teachers’ perceptions and attitudes are generally positive towards CLT in teaching reading. However, the results from observations and interviews with the teachers indicated that a majority of teachers still implemented the traditional (teacher-centred) approach in teaching reading compared to the student-centred approach as suggested by CLT. The preferred choice of teaching methods in teaching reading was influenced by several factors; namely, the students’ low proficiency level, their low degree of self-confidence and motivation, large class sizes, limited teaching schedule, and the teachers’ insufficient knowledge on CLT implementation. Finally, this research suggests that if Indonesia expects its policy of learning reform to be successful, intensive and consistent teacher development must be well-organized, and sufficient resources must be allocated so that all schools, especially those in rural areas, can meet the objectives. Keywords: communicative language teaching, English as a foreign language, reading, teachers’ voices, rural areas.
Pengaruh Kebijakan Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas Terhadap Perkembangan Daerah di Kota Batam Periode Tahun 2010-2014
Authors: Kholidah Berlian Nur , Lestari Linayati , Mulda Rahmayandi
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini mengkaji dan menjawab permasalahan mengenai pengaruh kebijakan kawasan perdagangan bebas terhadap perkembangan daerah di kota Batam periode tahun 2010-2014. Tujuan dan manfaat dari penelitian yaitu, mengetahui pengaruh kebijakan kawasan perdagangan bebas terhadap perkembangan daerah di kota Batam periode tahun 2010-2014 untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan pada kajian analisis penerapan suatu kebijakan. Metode penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode campuran untuk menghasilkan data yang bersifat statistik dan deskriptif. pengumpulan data diperoleh dari hasil observasi, angket, dokumentasi  dan wawancara serta teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu metode skala likert.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh kebijakan kawasan perdagangan bebas terhadap perkembangan daerah di kota Batam periode tahun 2010-2014 yang membawa kearah perkembangan yang lebih baik.
The portrayal of gender difference toward swear word: an investigation of words and expressions used by Indonesian students
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Chairuddin Chairuddin , Athena Tera
Published: July 2020

The society in using language is susceptible to any type of word including the expression of swear word. This research aims to determine of the types in swear word use based on the gender of its use in communication. Descriptive qualitative is used as a research approach and its application uses phenomenology methods. The data are from male and female students by matching them to Wardhaugh’s and Jay’s list of swear word. Students of elefth social three are selected for this research. Analysis of the results of gender-based reviews shows that men are stronger in the use of swear word forms. In contrast to women who are more aggressive and talk much only in their groups. Sex, death, excretion, bodily functions, religious matters, politics, mother-in-law, animals, nicknames are more widely used by men. For the types of rude comments women use more. This is indicated by their words and expressions that are more feminine and long-winded. Finally, the swear word which is included in this taboo word is used sometimes not the same for men and women.
The errors of EFL students’ TOEFL iBT integrated writing task
Authors: Irmawan Nurhayati , Nurdini Rahmi Aulia
Published: July 2020

Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing are four skills tested in TOEFL iBT. The two types of questions in the writing task of TOEFL iBT are independent and integrated. Focusing on the integrated task in which test-takers require to read a passage, to listen to a lecture related to the topic of the reading and to summarize the listening by explaining how it relates to the points in the reading (Peterson, 2007:8). This research analyzed the errors of students' writing production of integrated task. The research samples of the task were taken from 7 (seven)  TOEFL iBT candidates. Examining 14 integrated tasks, this study categorized the errors into three major categories: grammar, mechanics, and content errors. This study found that most frequent grammatical errors were in the verb (22%),  agreement (20%), and followed by a noun (14%). The findings of mechanic errors are mostly in the use of capitalization at the beginning of a sentence. In the part of punctuation errors, it was found that the omission of a comma as a frequent error. The last results are content errors which consist of plagiarism;  own idea addition; question addressing in which if the test takers’ response focuses on one of the two passages and completely ignores the other one; and missed information in which test-takers are unable to absorb key information from reading and listening passage. It is expected that these findings enable TOEFL iBT tutors to recognize candidates' problems and improve their teaching approach to reach better results. Keywords: Error Analysis, TOEFL iBT, integrated writing task, summarizing
MARKETING STRATEGIES TO UTILISE CENTRAL OTAGO'S RESOURCES
Authors: Zwart A.C.
Published: July 2020

This paper provides an overview of trends in marketing at the national level and in regions such as Central Otago. The movement away from centrally co-ordinated marketing strategies and the increased sophistication of marketing and processing are highlighted. Such developments have implications for the structure of the agricultural and horticultural marketing systems. It is suggested that there is a requirement for improved strategy development and planning by individual firms. This can best be aided at the national level, by considering ways in which the planning by individual firms can be improved. Several specific areas in which improvements could be made are discussed. Keywords: trends in marketing, marketing enviornment.
THE INCIDENCE OF BLOAT ON PASTURES DIFFERING IN K:Na RATIO
Authors: Carruthers V.R. , Norton D.H. , O'Connor M.B.
Published: July 2020

The effect on bloat of increasmg the concentration of Na in herbage was investigated in two experiments at Ruakura. NaCl fertiliser applied at 190-200 kg/ha to pastures containing ryegrass and white clover increased the concentration of Na by two to three times. This resulted in K:Na ratios of 7 to 15 in fertilised herbage compared with 18 to 40 in unfertilised herbage in subsequent spring and autumn periods. Bloat was assessed using cows of high susceptibility to bloat. Under conditions when only moderate bloat was observed, the incidence and severity of bloat on NaCl fertlized areas was similar to or higher than that on unfertilised areas in all seasons. These data do not support suggestions that lowering the K:Na ratlo through use of NaCl fertiliser will control or eliminate bloat. Keywords: NaCl, survey, dairy cows, ryegrass, white clover.
NEW CLOVER CULTIVARS FOR WAIKATO DAIRY PASTURE: ESTABLISHMENT, PRODUCTION AND NITROGEN FIXATION DURING THE FIRST YEAR
Authors: Ledgard S.F. , Brier G.J. , Watson R.N.
Published: July 2020

Clover cultivars grown with ryegrass were compared in an establishment year under dairy cow grazing. There was no difference in total annual productton but summer production was greater with Pawera red clover and with Kopu or Pitau white clovers. Clovers differed little in the proportion of nitrogen fixed, except during summer when values were highest for Pawera. Pawera was less prone to nematode attack than white clover cultivars but was more susceptible to clover rot. Resident clovers and high buried seed levels (e.g., 11-91 kg/ha) made introduction of new clover cultivars difficult. Sown clovers established best (50-70% of total clover plants) when drilled into soil treated with dicamba and glyphosate. Keywords: white clover, red clover, nematodes. nitrogen fixation, pasture renovation
PASTURE FOR DEER PRODUCTION
Authors: Adam J.L.
Published: July 2020

Diversification in agriculture has seen the establishment of new enterprises such as deer farming. While still a small industry in absolute terms the deer industry is growing rapidly. The utilisation in situ of pasture by deer is discussed in relation to their feed requirements for two types of farming viz. weaner production and a 15 month venison stag operation. Seasonal feed requirements are poorly aligned with average pasture growth with both types of farmmg being characterised by surplus spring pasture and a deficit during summer and autumn. The primary constraint to increased on-farm production is the summer deficit. It is suggested that alternative pasture species with improved summer growth charatieristics be examined. It is also argued that earlier calving and the use of larger terminal sires could ease the pressure on summer pature and more closely align feed requirements of deer with pasture growth. Keywords: Farmed deer, red deer, pasture growth. pasture intake, feed requirements, calving date, terminal sire.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE NEW SILICIDE Lu3Ni11.74(2)Si4
Authors: Belan Bohdana , Manyako Mykola , Dzevenko Mariya , Kowalska Dorota , Gladyshevskii Roman
Published: July 2020

The new ternary silicide Lu3Ni11.74(2)Si4 was synthesized from the elements by arc-melting and its crystal structure was determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the Sc3Ni11Ge4-type: Pearson symbol hP37.2, space group P63/mmc (No. 194), a = 8.0985(16), c = 8.550(2) Å, Z = 2; R = 0.0244, wR = 0.0430 for 244 reflections. The silicide Lu3Ni11.74(2)Si4 is new member of the EuMg5.2-type structure family.
IMPLEMENTASI SELEKSI TERBUKA JABATAN PIMPINAN TINGGI (JPT) PRATAMA BAGI PNS DALAM RANGKA REFORMASI BIROKRASI DI BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA KABUPATEN SUMEDANG PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Ismail Ismail
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Prior to the enactment of Law Number 5 of 2014 that concerning regulate State Civil Apparatus, filling in positions was not conducted openly, but rather featured superior privileges. After the birth of Law Number 5 Year 2014, open promotion has become one of the levers of the success of bureaucratic reform, this system is expected to prevent the politicization of bureaucracy, practicing of collusion, corruption and nepotism. Through open promotion, it will create a good system in the career of civil servants. Even though until now, it is imperative to carry out new open promotions at high leadership positions. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze how the implementation process of open selection Pratama High Leadership Position for civil servants in the framework of bureaucratic reform in the Human Resources and Human Resources Development Agency of Sumedang Regency, West Java Province. The analytical tool in this study uses the implementation concept of George Edward III in Supriatna (2010: 175-176), there are 4 (four) variables in implementing a public policy, namely: “Communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure”. These four factors influence the success/failure of policy implementation. The research method is used qualitative research with descriptive methods and collecting data through observation and interview. The results of the research show that the implementation process has run quite well from the aspects of communication, aspects of resources, disposition aspects, and aspects of the bureaucratic structure but need to be maintained and improved again for the open selection process of the Pratama High Leadership Position in the framework of bureaucratic reform in Human Resources And Human Resources Agency Sumedang Regency, West Java Province.

Keywords: implementation, open selection, pratama high leadership position, bureaucratic reform.
N-Acetylcysteine Nanocarriers Protect against Oxidative Stress in a Cellular Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Mursaleen Leah , Noble Brendon , Chan Stefanie Ho Yi , Somavarapu Satyanarayana , Zariwala Mohammed Gulrez
Published: July 2020

Oxidative stress is a key mediator in the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has generated interest as a disease-modifying therapy for PD but is limited due to poor bioavailability, a short half-life, and limited access to the brain. The aim of this study was to formulate and utilise mitochondria-targeted nanocarriers for delivery of NAC alone and in combination with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO), and assess their ability to protect against oxidative stress in a cellular rotenone PD model. Pluronic F68 (P68) and dequalinium (DQA) nanocarriers were prepared by a modified thin-film hydration method. An MTT assay assessed cell viability and iron status was measured using a ferrozine assay and ferritin immunoassay. For oxidative stress, a modified cellular antioxidant activity assay and the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances assay and mitochondrial hydroxyl assay were utilised. Overall, this study demonstrates, for the first time, successful formulation of NAC and NAC + DFO into P68 + DQA nanocarriers for neuronal delivery. The results indicate that NAC and NAC + DFO nanocarriers have the potential characteristics to access the brain and that 1000 μM P68 + DQA NAC exhibited the strongest ability to protect against reduced cell viability (p = 0.0001), increased iron (p = 0.0033) and oxidative stress (p ≤ 0.0003). These NAC nanocarriers therefore demonstrate significant potential to be transitioned for further preclinical testing for PD.
Trained Immunity Based-Vaccines as a Prophylactic Strategy in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Guevara-Hoyer Kissy , Saz-Leal Paula , Diez-Rivero Carmen M. , Ochoa-Grullón Juliana , Fernández-Arquero Miguel , Pérez de Diego Rebeca , Sánchez-Ramón Silvia
Published: July 2020

Background. A major concern in the care of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients is the persistence of subclinical or recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) despite adequate trough IgG levels, which impacts the quality of life (QoL) and morbidity. Therefore, the development of new approaches to prevent and treat infection, especially RRTI, is necessary. Objectives. We conducted a clinical observational study from May, 2016 to December, 2017 in 20 CVID patients; ten of these patients had a history of RRTI and received the polybacterial preparation MV130, a trained immunity-based vaccine (TIbV) to assess its impact on their QoL and prognosis. Methods. Subjects with RRTI received MV130 for 3 months and were followed up to 12 months after initiation of the treatment. The primary endpoint was a reduction in RRTI at the end of the study. We analyzed the pharmacoeconomic impact on the RRTI group before and after immunotherapy by estimating the direct and indirect costs, and assessed CVID-QoL and cytokine profile. Specific antibody responses to the bacteria contained in MV130 were measured. Results. The RRTI-group treated with TIbV MV130 showed a significant decrease in infection rate (p = 0.006) throughout the 12 months after initiation of the treatment. A decrease in antibiotic use and unscheduled outpatient visits was observed (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002, respectively). Significant increases in anti-pneumococcus and anti-MV130 IgA antibodies (p = 0.039 both) were detected after 12 months of MV130. Regarding the CVID QoL questionnaire, an overall decrease in the score by more than 50% was observed (p < 0.05) which demonstrated that patients experienced an improvement in their QoL. The pharmacoeconomic analysis showed that the real annual direct costs decreased up to 4 times per patient with the prophylactic intervention (p = 0.005). Conclusion. The sublingual administration of the TIbV MV130 significantly reduced the rate of respiratory infections, antibiotic use and unscheduled visits, while increasing specific IgA responses in CVID patients. Additionally, the CVID population felt that their QoL was improved, and a decrease in expenses derived from health care was predicted.
A Topology of DC-DC Converter Based on Multi-Winding Transformer for Grid Integration of Multiple Renewable Energy Resources
Authors: Jafari Mohammad , Malekjamshidi Zahra
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a topology of a multi-port phase shift converter for integration with a photovoltaic (PV) system, a wind turbine generator, and a battery to supply a grid-connected domestic load. The main advantage of the topology is using a multi-winding high-frequency transformer (MWHFT) to integrate the input and outputs of the system. In contrast with the case of using a common electrical bus, using MWHFT presents several advantages, such as isolating the converter ports, the easier matching of different voltage levels of the converter ports by adjusting turns ratio, simpler power flow control between the converter ports by applying leading or lagging phase shift angles, and eliminating the leakage current flow through the PV panels from the utility grid. A detailed analysis of the proposed topology and the control system is presented. A numerical simulation of the proposed system is carried out to confirm the system operation and control technique. The experimental tests have been conducted on a prototype converter to approve the proposed system performance.
dCATCH—A Numerical Package for d-Variate near G-Optimal Tchakaloff Regression via Fast NNLS
Authors: Dessole Monica , Marcuzzi Fabio , Vianello Marco
Published: July 2020

We provide a numerical package for the computation of a d-variate near G-optimal polynomial regression design of degree m on a finite design space X ⊂ R d , by few iterations of a basic multiplicative algorithm followed by Tchakaloff-like compression of the discrete measure keeping the reached G-efficiency, via an accelerated version of the Lawson-Hanson algorithm for Non-Negative Least Squares (NNLS) problems. This package can solve on a personal computer large-scale problems where c a r d ( X ) × dim ( P 2 m d ) is up to 10 8 – 10 9 , being dim ( P 2 m d ) = 2 m + d d = 2 m + d 2 m . Several numerical tests are presented on complex shapes in d = 3 and on hypercubes in d > 3 .