bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Notice
Authors: Papadopoulos Renos K.
Published: March 2003

Book reviewed in this article:

Alister, Ian and Hauke, Christopher (eds.), Contemporary Jungian Analysis. Post‐Jungian Perspectives from the Society of Analytical Psychology
The relevance of attachment theory to a contemporary Jungian view of the internal world: internal working models, implicit memory and internal objects
Authors: Knox Jean
Published: March 2003

In this paper I examine the various meanings of the term ‘internal object’, and the differences between various theoretical models for the formation of internal objects. I suggest that the idea in attachment theory of ‘internal working models’ emphasizes the internal world as one consisting of unconscious internalized patterns of emotional relationship. The term ‘internal object’ lacks this clarity and the different meanings it carries within differing theoretical frameworks are a source of confusion.

I describe the role which implicit memory plays in the formation of ‘internal working models’ and suggest that these offer us an alternative explanation for unconscious fantasy and for object relationships to that of instinctual drives. This model is then brought to bear on contemporary Jungian concepts of the internal world, with a suggestion that, seen in this light, Jung's formulation of the concept of the complex has many features in common with the ‘internal working model’ of attachment theory.
Opening the mind to reality
Authors: Covington Coline
Published: March 2003

The author shows, through the use of clinical material, how an early failure in love can give rise to a severely crippling superego. The experience of a hateful relation with the mother is not simply internalized as a persecuting internal object, but is grafted onto the very roots of superego formation. As a result, the development of other parts of the psyche are affected – specifically the relation between the ego and self and the development of sexuality. The alienation between ego and self impairs thinking and the perception of external reality, which is modified and denied in the service of maintaining a pathological superego. By allowing the patient's hateful feelings to come out in the transference, without making him feel guilty, he is then able to risk expressing his loving feelings without the fear of rejection or abandonment. Through this process, the pathological superego can be dismantled and a more benign superego constructed.
What is analysis?
Authors: Astrachan Gary D.
Published: March 2003

This paper attempts to discern a ground for doing depth psychological work in times of disappearance, loss and the absence of the gods. Through the poetry of Friedrich Hölderlin, and to a lesser extent, Rainer Maria Rilke, it seeks to discover the significance of fragmentation and conflagration in the manifestations of both psyche and the post‐industrial landscape we inhabit. What does the ‘death of god’ mean for our notions of symbol and self and for the practice of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis? How do we understand our daily clinical work in the context of ruin, holocaust and despair?
‘Stream of consciousness’ and ‘ownership of thought’ in indigenous people in Central Australia
Authors: Petchkovsky Leon
Published: March 2003

Fifteen Central Australian Aboriginal adults (8 patients, 7 colleagues) were presented with a culturally modified version of Flavell's ‘stream of consciousness’ experiment (pictures of persons with empty or ‘busy’ thought‐bubbles, and an invitation to assign a picture to the mental state of a second experimenter seen reading or sitting quietly). Only 4 people assigned the empty thought bubble to the quiet experimenter. This result was at least as good as that of a sample of Stanford College students tested by Flavell. The experiment provoked detailed comments from the informants about subjectivity, suggesting great subtlety of phenomenological awareness in Central Australian Aboriginal people, and attributing a kind of subjectivity to non‐human entities, including inanimate elements. We learnt that the Western Deserts dialect term watiya was reserved for the subjectivity attributed to trees and rocks. The ownership of all thought was attributed to the tjukurpa (the Aboriginal dreaming). These Aboriginal cultural attributions were compared and contrasted with reflections developed by Jung and the post‐Jungian David Holt on the nature of subjectivity, and religious notions of the redemption of matter.
Aristotle’s ontogenesis: a theory of individuation which integrates the classical and developmental perspectives
Authors: Horne Michael
Published: March 2003

The effects of the classical/developmental split in analytical psychology are described. No underlying issues explaining the nature of the split have been clearly enunciated. The schools can, however, be distinguished by their differing epistemologies. These are the hermeneutic and transcendental branches of phenomenology. The use of these epistemologies leads their proponents to either an immanent or transcendent concept of the divine, respectively.

The theoretical break between Freud and Jung can, in part, be attributed to their espousal of determinism and teleology, respectively. This conflict has been continued in analytical psychology with the developmentalists most often advocating determinism, and the classicists usually championing teleology. The dissimilar causal theories lead to different concepts of the nature of individuation.

Aristotle’s fourfold theory of causality, of which determinism and teleology are two categories, can be seen to be an ontogenic theory rather than a classification of causal influences. Applying his theory to the process of individuation provides an ontogenesis that more accurately describes the process itself, and unifies the developmental and classical theories.

Intimations of this formulation in Jung’s work are described. More explicit conceptions of this idea in the work of two contemporary analytical psychologists and that of Wilfred Bion are also presented.
The Theory of Optimal Law Enforcement
Authors: Garoupa Nuno
Published: March 2003

The economic literature on optimal law enforcement is very recent. Becker's seminal paper on crime and law enforcement dates from 1968 and most papers which are the focus of this survey have been published in the last ten years.The core result presented by Becker is the following: the probability and the severity of punishment deter crime. Therefore, the fine should be maximal since it is a costless transfer whereas the probability of detection and conviction is costly. Much of the recent work has attempted to show why Becker's result may not hold.
The New Economic Geography
Authors: Schmutzler Armin
Published: March 2003

Recently, the ‘new economic geography’ literature has developed as a theory of the emergence of large agglomerations which relies on increasing returns to scale and transportation costs. This literature builds on diverse intellectual traditions. It combines the insights of traditional regional science with those of modern trade theory and thus attempts to provide an integrative approach to interregional and international trade. The paper surveys this literature and discusses its relation to earlier approaches to similar topics.
A Non‐Random Walk Down Wall Street
Authors: Brown Eric
Published: March 2003

Book reviewed in this article:

Andrew J. Lo and A. Craig MacKinlay, A Non‐Random Walk Down Wall Street
The Credit View, Old and New
Authors: Trautwein Hans‐Michael
Published: March 2003

Recent writings in the so‐called ‘credit view’ focus on binding finance constraints of macroeconomic activity which arise from the incomplete substitutability of bank credit and from changes in borrowers’ net worth. They criticize the standard approaches in the ‘money view’ for not taking full account of the observable effects of monetary restrictions on real activity. In this paper, the ‘new credit view’ is contrasted with older macroeconomic theories that placed special emphasis on the banks’ systemic potential to expand credit beyond planned saving. The comparative discussion of the underlying arguments about bank behaviour, about the non‐neutrality of credit money, and about the transmission of monetary policy impulses reveals some shortcomings in the new view. History helps, moreover, to set the conventional confrontations of the ‘credit view’ and the ‘money view’ in perspective. JEL‐classification: B22, E32, E44, E51, E52
What is Antidumping Policy Really About?
Authors: Niels Gunnar
Published: March 2003

Dumping is whatever you can get the government to act against under the antidumping law. J. Michael Finger (1993, p.viii). Antidumping policy has become one of the most important instruments for protection in the international trade system, but at the same time it is the subject of an intense, though rather chaotic, debate. This paper provides an overview of the antidumping literature and the current issues. First it describes the origins of antidumping policy and provides some basic statistics on its current use drawn from several empirical studies. Next the paper discusses the economic foundations of antidumping law by examining the traditional and modern theories of dumping, as well as the industrial organization literature on price discrimination and predatory pricing. It is demonstrated that those economic foundations are weak. The paper also considers the fairness rationales for antidumping policy. Finally, it addresses the criticisms of antidumping laws, in particular in the context of the current antidumping versus competition policy debate, and discusses a variety of proposals for reform that have been made. The paper shows that the 1997 ‘cease fire’ agreement between Canada and Chile is a promising approach toward reform of antidumping policy.
On Modelling Speculative Prices: The Empirical Literature
Authors: Andreou Elena , Pittis Nikitas , Spanos Aris
Published: March 2003

Traditionally, financial theory and in particular asset pricing models have assumed (implicitly or explicitly) a certain probabilistic structure for speculative prices. The probabilistic structure is usually defined in terms of specific statistical models and relates to the dependence, heterogeneity and the distribution of such prices. The primary objective of this paper is to trace the development of various statistical models proposed since Bachelier (1900), in an attempt to assess how well these models capture the empirical regularities exhibited by data on speculative prices.
Standardization of Network Technologies: Market Processes or the Result of Inter‐Firm Co‐operation?
Authors: Quélin Bertrand , Abdessemed Tamym , Bonardi Jean‐Philippe , Durand Rodolphe
Published: March 2003

As recent studies on the evolution of a technology indicate, the role of a standard, or dominant design, is highly significant in a number of contemporary industries such as computer, telecommunications and consumer electronics. Following Katz’ and Shapiro’s pioneering works (1985), our paper rationally evaluates the concepts and results developed over the past ten years in this field. It is grounded on a typology of two types of models: the first is based on users’ anticipatory behaviour, and the second, on the collaborative behaviour of existing firms. The article initially discusses the specificity of network technologies, then analyses market standardisation models, and finally, studies the different actors models. Our conclusion builds upon existing works in network technologies. We next propose a research agenda
Behavioural Microsimulation with Labour Supply Responses
Authors: Creedy John , Duncan Alan
Published: March 2003

This paper provides a technical survey of recent developments in behavioural microsimulation. We discuss the criteria by which models of labour supply may be chosen for application to behavioural microsimulation, and consider how such models may be augmented to control for fixed costs, child–related work costs, preference heterogeneity and endogeneity in wages. We describe methods by which non–linear budget constraints may be accommodated in estimation, policy simulations and welfare analysis, and discuss how stochastic terms may be factored into the simulation of behavioural responses to a policy shock.
Solution‐focused Couples Therapy Groups: An Empirical Study
Authors: Zimmerman Toni Schindler , Prest Layne A. , Wetzel Barbara E.
Published: March 2003

The professional literature contains numerous theoretical and case study articles regarding the development and use of solution‐focused therapy. However, as with many models of systems‐oriented therapy in use with couples, very little has been subjected to empirical investigation. This project was designed to make a contribution to the empirical literature regarding the effectiveness of solution‐focused therapy in use with couples’ groups. This study utilized pre‐test comparisons of treatment and comparison groups, and examined pre‐ to post‐test changes in the scores of the treatment group couples. Twenty‐three treatment group couples participated in a six‐week solution‐focused couples therapy (SFCT) group. A separate group of thirteen couples served as a comparison group. The Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) was used to assess changes in the couples’ relationships. Scores on the Marital Status Inventory (MSI), as a pre‐test measure indicating the couples’ likelihood of divorce, indicated no significant differences between groups. The remaining analyses revealed significant improvement in DAS scores. Self‐reports from the couples involved indicate improvement in a variety of areas after completing the six‐week solution‐focused couples group therapy process.
Group Processes in Family Therapy: a Psychoanalytic Approach
Authors: Box Sally
Published: March 2003

This paper describes a model of family therapy that draws on experiences and theories of psychoanalysis as applied to individuals and groups. It suggests concepts that help to understand and work with the family as a system. A brief example is given to illustrate the effort to engage with the patients' immediate feelings in the session in relation to each other and the therapist.
Self‐control in distressed couples: a pilot study
Authors: Lange Alfred , Barends Ellen , Van Der Ende Jaro
Published: March 2003

A protocol for the short treatment of fighting couples is described. The treatment consists of three training sessions in which homework assignments are given, aimed at enhancing self‐control. The participants received exact instructions on how to monitor their anger, to take time out and to write to the partner in a structured manner, instead of expressing their anger in the usual way. A pre‐/post‐pilot study with nineteen couples shows that the couples improve significantly more during the training than in the pre‐treatment baseline period. During the follow‐up phase, the improvements are maintained.
The impact of HIV illness on parents and children, with particular reference to African families
Authors: Miller Riva , Murray Derval
Published: March 2003

This paper looks at the effects of HIV infection on parenting and family relationships, focusing on the issues this presents for HIV families from sub‐Saharan Africa, both here in the UK and in their countries of origin. We describe how we have experienced and dealt with some of the dilemmas facing parents and the context in which our service is offered. Despite the wide range of ethnic and cultural backgrounds, many common parenting issues and themes transcend cultural differences.
A contextual perspective of clinical judgement in couples and family therapy: is the bridge too far?
Authors: Ivey David C. , Scheel Michael J. , Jankowski Peter J.
Published: March 2003

This paper reviews the clinical judgement literature and discusses its applicability to the practice of couples and family therapy. Key findings and conceptual foundations are highlighted. A contextual perspective is advocated to guide future investigations and to enhance the generalizability of the literature to the real‐life experiences of therapists. Suggestions for theory development and future research are provided.
The real problem for postmodernism
Authors: Pilgrim David
Published: March 2003

This essay is a critique of postmodernism and its relationship to family therapy. It is argued that the strengths of a postmodern approach (its relativism and narrative focus) are not unique but shared by traditions, modern and antiquarian, which the advocates of postmodernism now seek to displace both in the academy and the clinic. The negative baggage of accepting the emerging postmodernist orthodoxy is created, in the main, by the abandonment of a realist ontology. A variety of points are made about the relationship between postmodernism and general systems theory to highlight this point. At the end, critical or sceptical social realism is offered as a positive alternative to naïve realism or postmodernism. Some notes are made in conclusion about the implications of the essay's arguments for family therapists.
‘Too busy’? Father's attendance for family appointments
Authors: Walters Jennifer , Tasker Fiona , Bichard Sheila
Published: March 2003

Fathers are often less likely to attend for appointments with their referred children at family and child psychiatry clinics than are mothers. The literature related to this topic is examined. A study of fathers' attendance at family sessions is reported, in which attenders are compared to non‐attenders. It is concluded that conventional suppositions regarding fathers' attendance, such as work hours and family roles, are not as important predictors of fathers' attendance as fathers' relationships with their own fathers and current relationships with their partners. Clinical implications are examined.
Gender and conversational behaviour in family therapy and live supervision
Authors: Moorhouse Adele , Carr Alan
Published: March 2003

The association between supervisors’ and therapists’ gender and the conversational behaviour of four supervisors, nineteen trainee family therapists and twenty clients before, during and after eighty‐eight live supervisory phone in events were examined in this study. Clients’ co‐operation was not directly related to the gender of therapists and supervisors. The quality of supervisors’ collaborative behaviour was highest for events in systems where male supervisors were supervising male therapists and lowest for events in systems where male supervisors were supervising female therapists. In systems containing female supervisors and male therapists, therapists engaged in frequent collaborative behaviour and less frequent teaching behaviour with their clients. The quality of therapists’ collaborative and supportive behaviour was highest in these systems. The unexpected results of this study suggest that the way supervisors interact with therapists and therapists interact with clients does not conform to gender stereotypic conversational behaviour in which males are directive and females affiliative. It may be that individuals whose conversational behaviour does not conform to gender stereotypes decide to become family therapists or that family therapy training helps people develop alternatives to gender‐stereotypical conversational behaviour.
Goldhagen’s Hitler’s Willing Executioners: A Clarification and Methodological Critique
Authors: Mahoney James , Ellsberg Michael
Published: March 2003

Daniel Jonah Goldhagen’s Hitler’s Willing Executioners has sparked an outpouring of controversy in the international and scholarly press. Unfortunately, much of the debate over the book has been focused on a simplistic interpretation of Goldhagen’s argument. In this article, we seek to move the debate in a more fruitful direction by clarifying Goldhagen’s actual argument, and then critiquing this argument, not the simplified one presented in much of the literature. We suggest that key parts of Goldhagen’s argument cannot be falsified by empirical evidence and thus should be regarded much more cautiously and tentatively than Goldhagen’s firm conclusions suggest. Nevertheless, we commend Goldhagen for developing a methodologically explicit causal analysis of the Holocaust and encourage others to follow this example.
Assembling the “Empire of Morality”: State Building Strategies in Catholic Ecuador, 1861–1875
Authors: Williams Derek
Published: March 2003

This article studies the efforts of the Ecuadorian government between 1861 and 1875 to construct a “truly catholic nation”. It examines the implementation and engagement of centralized initiatives of morality and religiosity, and reflects on its implications for the repositioning of state‐society boundaries. Specifically, it considers the government's efforts after 1869 to centrally coordinate the institutions of municipal government and Church, and to redeploy them for national moralizing ends. It assesses the substantial achievements and limits of this model for strengthening state power and for disseminating “national” meanings of citizenship and progress.
The Effect of Founding Family Influence on Firm Value and Corporate Governance
Authors: Mishra Chandra S. , Randøy Trond , Jenssen Jan Inge
Published: March 2003

We examined a sample of 120 Norwegian, founding family controlled and non‐founding family controlled firms, to address two important research questions: (1) is founding family control associated with higher firm value; and (2) are there unique corporate governance conditions under which a founding family controlled firm can be more valuable? We find a positive association between founding family control and firm value for four alternative definitions of founding family control. We find that the association between founding family CEOs and firm value is stronger among younger firms, firms with smaller boards, and firms with a single class of shares. However, the impact of founding family directors on firm value is not affected by corporate governance conditions such as firm age, board independence, and number of share classes. We also find that the relation between founding family ownership and firm value is greater among older firms, firms with larger boards, and particularly when these firms have multiple classes of shares. Our results imply that founding family controlled firms are more valuable and governed differently than firms without such influence. Furthermore, our results also suggest that founding family CEOs can enhance firm performance when family influence does not create shareholder entrenchment or when their cash flow rights are more aligned with their control rights.
The legal Structure of Self‐Ownership: Or the Self‐Possessed Man and the Woman Possessed
Authors: Naffine Ngaire
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this paper is to expound the legal meaning of self‐ownership, to examine its internal logic and its applications to both men and women within the two major spheres of human relations. To date, discussion of the self‐proprietor has largely been confined to his public manifestation. This paper provides a critical study of the person as proprietor of his person in both his public and private lives. More particularly, it considers whether women, as well as men, can be said to have property in their persons, not only when they are engaged in acts of gainful employment, but also when they enter lawful sexual relations.
The Fine Art of Regulated Tolerance: Prostitution in Amsterdam
Authors: Brants Chrisje
Published: March 2003

I explore the idiosyncrasies of Dutch policy with regard to prostitution, placing them in the broader framework of criminal justice and policy debates in general. More especially, I shall be looking at recent developments towards, on the one hand, legalization of prostitution, and on the other a crackdown by the (criminal justice) authorities on the organized criminal networks that would appear to have gained the upper hand in Amsterdam's red‐light district.
Public Protests, Private Lawsuits, and the Market: The Investor Response to the McLibel Case
Authors: Vick Douglas W. , Campbell Kevin.
Published: March 2003

The tendency of English libel law to protect reputation at the expense of freedom of expression makes the United Kingdom a potentially attractive forum for retaliatory lawsuits against individuals and organizations who lobby or campaign against the interests of large companies. The most prominent recent example of such a lawsuit was the so‐called ‘McLibel’ case, in which McDonald's Corporation sued protesters who had distributed anti‐McDonald's leaflets outside some of the company's restaurants. The case is often cited as evidence that the risk of unfavourable publicity generated by retaliatory libel actions is a strong deterrent to using the libel laws to silence public opposition to corporate activities. This article uses a technique widely employed in financial economics research, the ‘event study’ method, to investigate whether the unanticipated bad publicity attracted by the McLibel case had a negative financial impact on McDonald's, such that future retaliatory lawsuits might be deterred.
The Relationship between Legal Systems and Economic Development: Integrating Economic and Cultural Approaches
Authors: Perry Amanda J.
Published: March 2003

This paper seeks to demonstrate the need to bridge the gap between the economic and culture‐based approaches to two issues which are fundamental to the debate over the relationship between legal reform and economic development: (a) the relative importance which economic actors around the world place on the legal system and (b) the core components of an effective legal system, as defined by those economic actors. It first outlines the major tenets of current economic legal reform policy, focusing on its underlying assumption that the perceptions and expectations of economic actors around the world do not vary significantly. Data from Geert Hofstede’s study of variance in cultural values are then analysed in order to demonstrate how cultural values might affect private sector perceptions and expectations of legal systems as supporters of material progress. It concludes that there is a clear need for a more interdisciplinary approach to the debate over the relationship between legal reform and economic development, and the potential variance in private sector perceptions and expectations of legal systems in particular. Such an approach might be initiated through a systematic integration of existing data and theory from each discipline, reinforced by a new multi‐country survey.
Playing with the Pieces: Deconstruction and the Loss of Moral Culture
Authors: Feldman Steven P.
Published: March 2003

This paper investigates the assumptions and implications of the notion of deconstruction as they are found in writers concerned with organization theory and organization ethnography. Deconstruction, and postmodernism generally, is shown to be a continuation of modernity’s attack on cultural authority and its celebration of the ideology of individualism with its concomitant of endless criticism. Deconstruction posits the oppositional nature of language and symbolism as a ‘violent hierarchy’ and seeks to overturn this hierarchy to achieve human freedom. This reading of the repressive aspects of culture is shown to undermine the essential dynamic of culture, which is a recurrent splitting of what is from what is not in the process of forming meaning.

By opening up structures of meaning to expose their repressed contents, deconstruction aspires to question all authority. This is particularly threatening to the ethical aspects of organizational culture, because it suggests a continuous attempt to question the boundary between right and wrong. Indeed, orders of right and wrong are seen by deconstruction as mere political attempts at controlling an organization. Ethics is reduced to politics; authority is confused with power.

I argue here, instead, that stable structures of meaning are needed over time to found a traditional and thus legitimate base for business ethics. Contrary to deconstruction’s goal of opening meaning to its repressed opposite, I assert that memory should be seen as a moral decision based on past experience. Business ethics requires stable moral standards and, no less, the capacity to believe in them.
Group Rites and Trainer Wrongs in Employee Experiences of Job Change
Authors: Hallier Jerry , James Philip
Published: March 2003

This paper investigates how group‐controlled transition rites in an air traffic control organization are experienced by job changers and those responsible for socializing newcomers on behalf of the work group and unit. Contrary to earlier functionalist accounts, these admission rites were neither fully understood as intended nor accepted as legitimate by job changers. The findings indicate that shared meanings between newcomers and `‘lders’ may not be necessary if such rites are to be accepted as an essential feature of the process of granting or withholding membership of the unit. More crucial to their acceptability is whether or not job changers believe that elders are fully acting in the interests of the group and unit. We show that the legitimacy of such socialization practices is subject to decay from organization‐wide restructuring which weakens units' social coherence and gives rise to doubts about the integrity of those members who assume an elder role. The implication of these findings is that group‐controlled transition rites emerge where management has no choice but to delegate features of work control to the group. Equally, if the legitimacy of such group‐level practices is undermined by organizational changes, it is unlikely that this form of socialization can be rectified by management intervention
The Transition from Strategic Technology Alliances to Mergers and Acquisitions: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Hagedoorn John , Sadowski Bert
Published: March 2003

This paper studies a number of research topics derived from the basic question: do interfirm alliances change into mergers and acquisitions as companies that were previously co‐operating become integrated? The analysis is limited to the group of strategic technology alliances, i.e. those interfirm agreements for which joint technology development or technology sharing is part of the agreement.

The paper first explores the literature that refers to the possible transition from strategic technology alliances to mergers and acquisitions. Based on this we formulate a number of hypotheses regarding the change in modes of governance and several dimensions of this process related to the international distribution of transformed alliances, their industry specificity, the size of firms, and the distribution of contractual and equity agreements. The major finding of our research is that the transformation from strategic technology alliance to merger and acquisition hardly ever takes place. This suggests that alliances and mergers and acquisitions are not part of a rather smooth continuum but they are first of all different modes of governance where one mode certainly does not lead to the other
Trust in Business to Business Relationships: An Evaluation of its Status
Authors: Blois Keith J.
Published: March 2003

The concept of trust has been used in a growing number of empirical and theoretical marketing studies of business to business relationships. Examination of a number of influential studies indicates a lack of clarity in their conceptualization of trust. The nature of this lack of clarity is examined and it is proposed that there are a number of features of trust which account should be taken of when conducting such studies.
The Goose that Laid the Golden Egg?: A Rhetorical Critique of Stephen Covey and the Effectiveness Movement
Authors: Jackson Bradley G.
Published: March 2003

Through his best‐selling book, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People (1989, Simon & Schuster), and subsequent publications, Stephen Covey has established himself as the pre‐eminent management guru in North America. While there are clear similarities between the ‘Effectiveness’ movement he has spawned and competing organizational improvement programmes such as excellence, TQM, and re‐engineering, there are also some important differences in how this movement has been rhetorically constructed, the manner in which it has been organized and the ideological roots upon which it is based. The paper draws on Ernest Bormann's fantasy theme analysis to develop a distinctively dramatistic rhetorical critique of this movement. Three primary fantasy themes are identified that, it is argued, underpin the rhetorical appeal of Covey's work to the individuals who follow and the organizations that sponsor him. The paper lends further support to the emerging argument that, in order to properly appreciate the broad appeal of gurus in management and other fields, we need to better understand how their work resonates with the material, existential and spiritual needs of individuals that are peculiar to the late modern age.
Enthusiastic Embrace or Critical Reception? The German HRM Debate
Authors: Muller Michael
Published: March 2003

This paper discusses the reception of human resource management (HRM) in Germany. A review of the German HRM debate shows that this is dominated by business administration academics specializing in this field. In the past, these scholars as well as practitioners have generally embraced the techniques as well as the ideology of HRM. This finding can be explained by a relatively low emphasis on empirical research, a neglect of industrial relations issues, and a strong impact of theories and concepts developed in the USA. Today, however, there appears to be a change towards a more critical appreciation of the US HRM model and a more positive assessment of the German HRM model.
Acquisition Strategy and Dominant Logic in an Engineering Firm
Authors: Côté Louise , Langley Ann , Pasquero Jean
Published: March 2003

This paper presents a dynamic model of acquisition strategy and applies it to the case history of a large engineering firm. The paper uses the notion of ‘dominant logic’ first put forward by Prahalad and Bettis (1986) to explain how the firm's acquisition strategy and management approach evolved. It is suggested that the core activities and history of the firm led to the development of a management approach that emphasized individual autonomy and development, ad hoc structural arrangements, a short‐term focus, and flexibility and opportunism. These characteristics persisted over time and tended to inhibit both commitment to intended strategies and extension of core competencies. At the same time, this logic encouraged opportunistic acquisitions which snowballed into a major new strategic thrust. It is concluded: (a) the firm's ‘dominant logic’ rooted in core activities and in the history of a firm can be used to explain its acquisition management behaviour; (b) the more malleable elements of a dominant logic can be somewhat extended under the thrust of key managers, but permanent change will not occur as long as these shifts conflict with more immutable elements; (c) in a process of growth by acquisition, a firm will tend to preserve its unique dominant logic until the inconsistencies it creates are revealed in a crisis or series of crises. One mode of adjustment may then be to operate under more than one dominant logic to accommodate the firm's heterogeneity.
Memory Systems In Organizations: An Empirical Investigation Of Mechanisms For Knowledge Collection, Storage And Access
Authors: Olivera Fernando
Published: March 2003

This research examines the concept of organizational memory in the context of multi‐unit organizations. It addresses the question: how do organizations collect, store and provide access to their experiential knowledge? I develop a framework for organizational memory in geographically distributed settings based on the concept of organizational memory systems and empirically assess the usefulness of this framework in the context of a multinational, business consulting organization. Multiple memory systems were identified, including social networks, knowledge centers and various computer‐based systems. I present and discuss findings with respect to the characteristics and perceived effectiveness of these memory systems.
Managing Knowledge in Loosely Coupled Networks: Exploring the Links between Product and Knowledge Dynamics
Authors: Brusoni Stefano , Prencipe Andrea
Published: March 2003

The contemporary literature concentrates on ‘make or buy’ decisions in design and production activities, assuming that decisions about the underlying fields of technological knowledge will automatically be the same. Building on previous research on multitechnology firms and products, this paper argues that firms know more about technology than they apply in their own production. We propose two major dimensions according to which firms should adjust their knowledge and production boundaries, namely systemic interdependencies across components and uneven rate of change across components’ underlying knowledge bases. We analyse the implications of this less‐than‐perfect overlap between knowledge and production boundaries for the management of firms’ external relationships.
Organizational Routines as Sources of Connections and Understandings
Authors: Feldman Martha S. , Rafaeli Anat
Published: March 2003

Organizational routines are increasingly identified as an aspect of organizations that allows them to achieve the balance between adaptability and stability. We contribute to this discussion by showing that the connections that organizational routines make between people contribute to both stability and the ability to adapt. We argue that the connections between people that are formed as they engage together in organizational routines are important for developing understandings about both what needs to be done in a specific instance of performing a routine and about the goals of the organization that routines presumably help accomplish. Together the two sets of understandings influence organizational performance by affecting the ability of organizations to adapt to changing circumstances. These arguments lead to a general recognition of the importance to organizations of connections and the suggestion that the connections, themselves, may be an important outcome of organizational routines.
EAST MEETS EAST AND EAST MEETS WEST: THE CASE OF SINO‐JAPANESE AND SINO‐WEST JOINT VENTURES IN CHINA
Authors: LI JI , KARAKOWSKY LEONARD , LAM KEVIN
Published: March 2003

This study tests the effects of cultural differences on the behaviour and performance of joint‐ventures. We first study the relationship and predictions of two relevant theories, i.e., the theory about cultural diversity and that about cultural distance. After that, we apply the theories to study the behaviour and performance of Sino‐Japanese and Sino‐West joint ventures (JVs). Processing data from 2718 such JVs in different parts of China, we show evidence supporting our arguments. Our paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of the findings.
Neuroticism and Reactions to Social Comparison Information Among Cancer Patients
Authors: Van der Zee Karen , Buunk Bram , Sanderman Robbert
Published: March 2003

In an experimental study neuroticism was examined as a moderator of breast cancer patients’ affective reactions to social comparison information about a fellow patient. Fifty‐seven women with breast cancer completed Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire and received social comparison information about a fellow patient who was either doing better (upward condition) or worse (downward condition) than themselves. As expected, patients showed more positive reactions to upward comparison information than to downward comparison information. Moreover, neuroticism was related to responding more negatively and less positively to social comparison information. Although respondents high and low in neuroticism did not differ in their reactions to downward comparison information, low neuroticism was associated with more positive responding to upward comparison information.
Gender and Situational Context Moderate the Relationship Between Self‐Monitoring and Induction of Self‐Disclosure
Authors: Shaffer David R. , Pegalis Linda J.
Published: March 2003

Male and female undergraduates who differed in degree of self‐monitoring interviewed same‐sex strangers to test the hypothesis that interviewer self‐monitoring propensities foster self‐disclosure only in disclosure‐conducive contexts (i.e., collaborative contexts for men and social‐expressive contexts for women). Results indicated that high self‐monitoring (but not low self‐monitoring) interviewers of each gender were notably more successful at eliciting personal information in the contexts generally considered amenable to male and female self‐disclosure than in disclosure‐nonconducive contexts. Moreover, male high self‐monitoring interviewers reliably elicited more information than their low self‐monitoring counterparts only in the disclosure‐ conducive (for men) collaborative context. However, high self‐monitoring female interviewers did not elicit more information than their dispositional counterparts in disclosure‐conducive, social‐expressive contexts, although they reliably induced less disclosure than low self‐monitors in the disclosure‐nonconducive (for women) collaborative context.
Terror Management and Meaning: Evidence That the Opportunity to Defend the Worldview in Response to Mortality Salience Increases the Meaningfulness of Life in the Mildly Depressed
Authors: Simon Linda , Arndt Jamie , Greenberg Jeff , Pyszczynski Tom , Solomon Sheldon
Published: March 2003

Previous terror management research has demonstrated that mildly depressed participants show a greater increase in worldview defense in response to reminders of their mortality than do nondepressed participants. Because the cultural worldview is posited to provide a meaningful conception of life, we hypothesized that mildly depressed participants who defend their worldview in response to mortality salience (MS) would increase their perception that the world is meaningful. A preliminary study first examined the Kunzendorf No Meaning Scale as a measure to assess perceptions of meaning. In the primary study, mildly depressed and nondepressed participants contemplated their own mortality or a neutral topic, evaluated two targets in a manner that either allowed them to defend their worldview or that did not, and then completed the Kunzendorf No Meaning Scale. As predicted, mildly depressed participants who had the opportunity to defend their worldview in response to mortality salience reported greater meaning in life than did mildly depressed participants who did not have the opportunity to defend their worldview, or mildly depressed participants not exposed to mortality salience. Implications for understanding and treating depression are briefly discussed.
What Is Beyond the Big Five?
Authors: Goldberg Lewis R. , Saucier Gerard
Published: March 2003

Previous investigators have proposed that various kinds of person‐descriptive content—such as differences in attitudes or values, in sheer evaluation, in attractiveness, or in height and girth—are not adequately captured by the Big Five Model. We report on a rather exhaustive search for reliable sources of Big Five–independent variation in data from person‐descriptive adjectives. Fifty‐three candidate clusters were developed in a college sample using diverse approaches and sources. In a nonstudent adult sample, clusters were evaluated with respect to a minimax criterion: minimum multiple correlation with factors from Big Five markers and maximum reliability. The most clearly Big Five–independent clusters referred to Height, Girth, Religiousness, Employment Status, Youthfulness, and Negative Valence (or low‐base‐rate attributes). Clusters referring to Fashionableness, Sensuality/Seductiveness, Beauty, Masculinity, Frugality, Humor, Wealth, Prejudice, Folksiness, Cunning, and Luck appeared to be potentially beyond the Big Five, although each of these clusters demonstrated Big Five multiple correlations of .30 to .45, and at least one correlation of .20 and over with a Big Five factor. Of all these content areas, Religiousness, Negative Valence, and the various aspects of Attractiveness were found to be represented by a substantial number of distinct, common adjectives. Results suggest directions for supplementing the Big Five when one wishes to extend variable selection outside the domain of personality traits as conventionally defined.
Individual Differences in Attachment and Reproductive Strategies: Commentary on Buss & Greiling
Authors: Kirkpatrick Lee A.
Published: March 2003

Buss and Greiling cite individual differences in attachment as a principal illustration of adaptive individual differences. This particular example, however, is a highly controversial one: Many if not most relationship researchers assume (implicitly or explicitly) that insecure attachment patterns reflect some kind of malfunction of the attachment system in modern environments rather than evolved facultative strategies. I therefore review some of the arguments and evidence on both sides of this issue, along with the closely related topics of mating/reproductive strategies and parental investment. In the end I support the Buss‐Greiling position, but for reasons not discussed in their article.
Ego Functions and Ego Development: Defense Mechanisms and Intelligence as Predictors of Ego Level
Authors: Cramer Phebe
Published: March 2003

This study considers the contribution of two ego functions—intelligence and defense mechanisms—to ego developmental level. Two independent assessments of ego level were related to IQ and defense mechanism use in a sample of 89 young adults. Whereas IQ and defense were themselves found to be unrelated, both variables predicted ego level: The relation with IQ was linear, whereas the relation with defense was curvilinear. In addition, the relation between defense and ego level varied as a function of IQ level. At low levels of IQ, stronger use of Denial and Projection was associated with higher ego levels. At high IQ levels, strong use of Denial was associated with lower ego levels, whereas moderate use of Projection was associated with higher ego levels.
Thinking Ahead: Complexity of Expectations and the Transition to Parenthood
Authors: Pancer S. Mark , Pratt Michael , Hunsberger Bruce , Gallant Margo
Published: March 2003

This study examined the integrative complexity of thinking in individuals making the transition to parenthood, and the relationship between complexity and adjustment during this period. Sixty‐nine couples were interviewed 3 months before their babies were born, and 6 months after the birth. The prenatal interview focused on individuals' expectations about what it would be like being a parent; the postnatal interview focused on individuals' actual experiences as parents. In addition, participants completed measures of depression, self‐esteem, and marital satisfaction after each interview, and a measure of stress after the 6‐month postnatal interview. Both men and women demonstrated a significant increase in the complexity of their thinking from the prenatal to the postnatal interview, with women demonstrating higher levels of complexity at both times. In addition, women with more complex expectations demonstrated better adjustment after their babies were born than did women with simpler expectations; these results were not obtained for men. Results are discussed with regard to the way in which thinking about the self changes as one negotiates major life transitions, and the way in which complex thinking can help counter some of the stresses that individuals may experience at these times.