bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association of endometriosis with work ability and work life participation in late forties and lifelong disability retirement up till age 52: A Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study
Authors: Rossi Henna‐Riikka , Uimari Outi , Arffman Riikka , Vaaramo Eeva , Kujanpää Linda , Ala‐Mursula Leena , Piltonen Terhi T.
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Endometriosis may cause a deterioration of daily functioning due to related symptoms such as pain, fatigue and psychological distress. Accordingly, endometriosis may jeopardize work ability, as suggested in mainly survey‐based case–control studies, including clinically established cases at fertile age. This is the first general population‐level study to evaluate how endometriosis is associated with (1) self‐rated work ability and sick leave dates at age 46 years, (2) registered disability and unemployment days between age 46 and 48 and (3) lifelong emergence of registered disability retirement up to age 52.

Material and methods

Endometriosis case identification was based on the Care Register for Health Care and self‐reported diagnosis from a population‐based birth cohort, which covers 96% of children born in Northern Finland in 1966. A total of 348 women with endometriosis and 3487 women without endometriosis were identified. Questionnaire data on Work Ability Index Score was collected at age 46. Unemployment and disability days were determined from the Social Insurance Institution of Finland and the Finnish Center for Pensions registers. Finally, each individual’s first‐ever granted pension decision and diagnoses were collected until age 52 years. The associations between endometriosis and work ability were assessed using logistic regression models.

Results

Endometriosis was associated with poor work ability at age 46 (odds ratio [OR] 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–2.47). Furthermore, the association between endometriosis and over 10 days of absenteeism was increased (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.05–2.23). Between ages 46 and 48, women with endometriosis had 10 days more disability days (55.5 vs 45.5, p = 0.030) in comparison to women without endometriosis, but 20 days less unemployment days (40.6 vs 59.2 days, p = 0.013). There were no differences in early retirement between the study groups until age 52.

Conclusions

Our study showed that endometriosis associates with poor work ability at age 46. Women with endometriosis have more disability days. However, their employment rate and risk of early retirement are comparable to those of women without endometriosis at late fertile age.
Editorial: thiopurines but not anti‐TNF monotherapy are linked to worse pregnancy outcomes in a large population‐based study
Authors: Kinnucan Jami , Kane Sunanda
Published: July 2021

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Meyer et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16448
Editorial: metformin for portal hypertension—old dog, new tricks?
Authors: Palaniyappan Naaventhan , Fallowfield Jonathan A.
Published: July 2021

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Rittig et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16460 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16503
Letter: real‐world use of terlipressin in patients with the hepatorenal syndrome—authors' reply
Authors: Allegretti Andrew S. , Jamil Khurram , Moore Kevin
Published: July 2021

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Moore et al and Weng papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15836 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16449
Oral administration of L‐citrulline changes the concentrations of plasma hormones and biochemical profile in heat‐exposed broilers
Authors: Chowdhury Vishwajit S. , Ouchi Yoshimitsu , Han Guofeng , Eltahan Hatem M. , Haraguchi Shogo , Miyazaki Takuro , Shiraishi Jun‐ichi , Sugino Toshihisa , Bungo Takashi
Published: July 2021

We examined the effects of oral administration of L‐citrulline (L‐Cit) on plasma metabolic hormones and biochemical profile in broilers. Food intake, water intake, and body temperature were also analyzed. After dual oral administration (20 mmol/head/administration) of L‐Cit, broilers were exposed to a high ambient temperature (HT; 30 ± 1°C) chamber for 120 min. Oral administration of L‐Cit reduced (p < .001) rectal temperature in broilers. Food intake was increased (p < .05) by heat stress, but it was reduced (p < .05) by L‐Cit. Plasma levels of 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine, which initially increased (p < .0001) due to heat stress, were reduced (p < .01) by oral administration of L‐Cit. Plasma insulin levels were increased by heat exposure (p < .01) and oral L‐Cit (p < .05). Heat stress caused a decline (p < .05) in plasma thyroxine. Plasma lactic acid (p < .05) and non‐esterified fatty acids (p < .01) were increased in L‐Cit‐treated heat‐exposed broilers. In conclusion, our results suggest that oral L‐Cit can modulate plasma concentrations of major metabolic hormones and reduces food intake in broilers.
Advocacy of targeting protease‐activated receptors in severe coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Subramaniam Saravanan , Ruf Wolfram , Bosmann Markus
Published: July 2021

Identifying drug targets mitigating vascular dysfunction, thrombo‐inflammation and thromboembolic complications in COVID‐19 is essential. COVID‐19 coagulopathy differs from sepsis coagulopathy. Factors that drive severe lung pathology and coagulation abnormalities in COVID‐19 are not understood. Protein–protein interaction studies indicate that the tagged viral bait protein ORF9c directly interacts with PAR2, which modulates host cell IFN and inflammatory cytokines. In addition to direct interaction of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral protein with PARs, we speculate that activation of PAR by proteases plays a role in COVID‐19‐induced hyperinflammation. In COVID‐19‐associated coagulopathy elevated levels of activated coagulation proteases may cleave PARs in association with TMPRSS2. PARs activation enhances the release of cytokines, chemokines and tissue factor expression to propagate IFN‐dependent inflammation, leukocyte‐endothelial interaction, vascular permeability and coagulation responses. This hypothesis, corroborated by in vitro findings and emerging clinical evidence, will focus targeted studies of PAR1/2 blockers as adjuvant drugs against cytokine release syndrome and COVID‐19‐associated coagulopathy.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue on The second wave: are we any closer to efficacious pharmacotherapy for COVID 19? (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.10/issuetoc
Opportunity‐led ideation: How to convert corporate opportunities into innovative ideas
Authors: Wyrtki Katrin , Röglinger Maximilian , Rosemann Michael
Published: July 2021

Opportunities, that is, action possibilities for innovative business models, goods, services and processes, particularly affect idea generation, which is vital for innovation success. Capitalizing on opportunities requires complementing predominating problem‐centred innovation approaches. Despite mature knowledge on idea generation, there is still a limited understanding on how to leverage opportunities. Hence, there is a limited set of methods available that provide formalized guidance. To address this gap, we co‐developed an opportunity‐led ideation method in an action design research project with one of Australia's leading financial service providers. Thanks to this immersive collaboration, our method reflects not only the intent of researchers and existing knowledge but also the influence and needs of practitioners. Building on established opportunity sources from the literature, this method structures the idea generation stage of the innovation process into the activities initiation, immersion, investigation and integration. The method provides guidance on how to transform opportunities into ideas and presents activities, techniques, tools and roles that are important within the idea generation stage. Our research theoretically extends the understanding of opportunity identification within the front end of innovation. Moreover, it provides insights on balancing formalization and creativity within idea generation. Organizations can use the method as a blueprint to systematically and proactive sense, assess and translate opportunities into ideas.
The use of organ donor blood in liver transplantation
Authors: Tang Gia Toan , Shaylor Ruth , Hui Victor , Przybylowski Greg , Jones Robert McLaren , Starkey Graham , Perini Marcos Vinicius , Wang Bao‐Zhong , Zantomio Daniela , Hogan Chris , Fink Michael Anthony
Published: July 2021

Background

Blood removed from organs during deceased donor organ procurement is routinely discarded but is a potential resource for donor‐specific transfusion (DST) in subsequent liver transplantation (LT). This study retrospectively analyses the impact of DST on intraoperative bank blood product usage, long‐term graft, and patient survival, as well as frequency of rejection post‐LT.

Methods

A total of 992 adult LT performed from 1993 to 2018 in a single quaternary center were included. Intraoperative blood product usage, patient, and graft survival, as well as acute and chronic rejection were assessed in patients who received blood retrieved from the organ donor, the “donor blood” (DB) group (n = 437) and patients who did not, the “no donor blood” (NDB) group (n = 555).

Results

Processing of DB ensured safe levels of potassium, magnesium, and insulin. There were fewer units of bank red blood cells transfusion required in the DB group compared to NDB group (2 vs. 4 units, P = .01). Graft survival was significantly superior in the DB group (10‐year survival 75% vs. 69%, respectively, P = .04) but DST was not an independent predictor of graft survival. There was no significant difference in patient survival or rejection between the groups. There was no difference in treated, biopsy‐proven rejection between the two groups.

Conclusions

This is the first large‐cohort study assessing long‐term outcomes of intraoperative DST in LT. The collection of organ donor blood and subsequent use in LT recipients appeared feasible with appropriate quality checks ensuring safety. DST resulted in a reduction in the use of packed red blood cells. There was no difference in the rate of rejection or graft or patient survival.
Respiratory coupling between prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats anaesthetized with urethane in theta and non‐theta states
Authors: Mofleh Rola , Kocsis Bernat
Published: July 2021

Respiratory modulation of forebrain activity, long considered hard to reliably separate from breathing artefacts, has been firmly established in recent years using a variety of advanced techniques. Respiratory‐related oscillation (RRO) is derived from rhythmic nasal airflow in the olfactory bulb (OB) and is conveyed to higher order brain networks, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC), where it may potentially contribute to communication between these structures by synchronizing their activities at the respiratory rate. RRO was shown to change with sleep–wake states; it is strongest in quiet waking, somewhat less in active waking, characterized with theta activity in the HC, and absent in sleep. The goal of this study was to test RRO synchronization between PFC and HC under urethane anaesthesia where theta and non‐theta states spontaneously alternate. We found that in theta states, PFC‐HC coherences significantly correlated with OB‐HC but not with OB‐PFC, even though RRO was stronger in PFC than in HC. In non‐theta states, PFC‐HC synchrony correlated with coherences connecting OB to either PFC or HC. Thus, similar to freely behaving rats, PFC‐HC synchrony at RRO was primarily dependent on the response of HC to the common rhythmic drive, but only in theta state. The findings help outlining the value and the limits of applications in which urethane‐anaesthetized rats can be used for modelling the neural mechanisms of RRO in behaving animals.
Levels of serum ecto‐nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) predicts severity of abdominal aortic calcification in end‐stage renal disease patients receiving regular dialysis
Authors: Wu Xiujuan , Di Feng , Shen Shuijuan , Wang Shimin , Li Qinghua , Dong Zhichao , Guan Jichao , He Jianling , Wang Yu
Published: July 2021

Objective

To investigate the correlation between serum ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase‐1 (ENPP1) level and severity of abdominal vascular calcification in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving dialysis.

Methods

A total of 124 patients were consecutively enrolled into the study in our local institution. Based on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines and recommendations, abdomen lateral X‐ray was used to determine abdominal aortic calcification score (AACS) for each patient at enrollment. Patients were divided into three groups based on AACS: no or mild calcification group, moderate calcification group, and severe calcification group. The relationships between ENPP1 levels and AACS were assessed by Spearman analysis and the value of ENPP1 in predicting severity of abdominal aortic calcification was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC).

Results

The level of ENPP1 in dialysis patients was (7.68 ± 1.67) ng/ml. There was no significant difference in serum ENPP1 level between peritoneal dialysis patients and hemodialysis patients (p > 0.05). The AACS of dialysis patients was negatively correlated with ENPP1 value (r = −0.70). Compared to no/mild calcification patients, the levels of serum ENPP1 in patients with moderate/severe calcification were decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The severity of vascular calcification was correlated with serum ENPP1 value, the severer the vascular calcification, the lower the serum ENPP1 level, and the difference was statistically significant (all p < 0.05). The area under ROC curve of ENPP1 was 0.90, the corresponding sensitivity was 0.86, and the specificity was 0.87.

Conclusion

Levels of serum ENPP1 in non‐diabetic ESRD patients are negatively related to the severity of abdominal aortic vascular calcification.
Strength and fracture toughness of short‐carbon‐fiber/hafnium‐carbide composites
Authors: Akopdzhanian Tigran G. , Mileiko Sergei T.
Published: July 2021

Carbon‐fiber/hafnium‐carbide‐matrix composite specimens were obtained by hot pressing technique. The microstructure of the composites does not reveal chemical interactions between the fiber and matrix. The dependences of strength σ* and critical stress intensity factor K* of composites on fiber volume fraction Vf have maximums. The values of Vf for maximums of σ* and K* are of about 0.06 and ~0.12, respectively. The mean values of these characteristics are ~340 MPa and ~8.7 MPa∙m½. The same characteristics for the matrix obtained at the same technological regime are 250 MPa and 4.9 MPa∙m½.
Composite malt with dark‐purple rice malt improves the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of malt extract
Authors: Gonu Hellie , Withayagiat Ulaiwan
Published: July 2021

This research presents a modification of bioactive compounds of malt extract produced from Riceberry rice malt (RRM)–barley malt composite for malt‐based beverage. Malt extract was produced by varying RRM at 20% w/w, 40% w/w, 60% w/w, 80% w/w, and 100% w/w and were analysed for total polyphenol content (TPC), phenolic acids constituent, and antioxidant activity. The 100% RRM extract was rich in TPC relative to 100% w/w barley malt extract. The composite malt extract containing 40% w/w–80% w/w RRM had enough TPC in the filtered malt extract (236–524 mg L−1) and boiled hopped malt extract (216–485 mg L−1) and were directly proportional to the antioxidant activity in the extract. Barley malt fraction in the malt extracts had a positive response on ferulic acid and sinapic acid, whereas RRM inclusion in malt extract increased p‐coumaric acid, vanillic acid, rutin, and methyl coumarate concentration. Therefore, the cereal malt composite could provide strong oxidative stability to the malt extract and derived products.
Collective Voice and Worker Well‐being: Union Influence on Performance Monitoring and Emotional Exhaustion in Call Centers
Authors: O’Brady Sean , Doellgast Virginia
Published: July 2021

This study analyses the impact of union actions on worker well‐being. It examines union efforts to reduce emotional exhaustion associated with performance monitoring in call center jobs, drawing on quantitative (N = 1894) and qualitative (interviews and focus groups) data in the United States. Findings suggest that the effective exercise of collective voice, through collective bargaining and activism by union officials, can reduce emotional exhaustion by promoting fair and developmental monitoring practices.
Uncertainty due to infectious diseases and forecastability of the realized variance of United States real estate investment trusts: A note
Authors: Bonato Matteo , Çepni Oğuzhan , Gupta Rangan , Pierdzioch Christian
Published: July 2021

We examine the forecasting power of a daily newspaper‐based index of uncertainty associated with infectious diseases (EMVID) for real estate investment trusts (REITs) realized market variance of the United States (US) via the heterogeneous autoregressive realized volatility (HAR‐RV) model. Our results show that the EMVID index improves the forecast accuracy of realized variance of REITs at short‐, medium‐, and long‐run horizons in a statistically significant manner, with the result being robust to the inclusion of additional controls (leverage, realized jumps, skewness, and kurtosis) capturing extreme market movements, and also carries over to 10 sub‐sectors of the US REITs market. Our results have important portfolio implications for investors during the current period of unprecedented levels of uncertainty resulting from the outbreak of COVID‐19.
Inhibition of breast cancer xenografts in a mouse model and the induction of apoptosis in multiple breast cancer cell lines by lactoferricin B peptide
Authors: Rahman Rizdwan , Fonseka Alyssa Danielle , Sua Shiang‐Chia , Ahmad Munirah , Rajendran Ramkumar , Ambu Stephen , Davamani Fabian , Khoo Alan Soo‐Beng , Chitra Ebenezer
Published: July 2021

Breast cancer has a diverse aetiology characterized by the heterogeneous expression of hormone receptors and signalling molecules, resulting in varied sensitivity to chemotherapy. The adverse side effects of chemotherapy coupled with the development of drug resistance have prompted the exploration of natural products to combat cancer. Lactoferricin B (LfcinB) is a natural peptide derived from bovine lactoferrin that exhibits anticancer properties. LfcinB was evaluated in vitro for its inhibitory effects on cell lines representing different categories of breast cancer and in vivo for its suppressive effects on tumour xenografts in NOD‐SCID mice. The different breast cancer cell lines exhibited varied levels of sensitivity to apoptosis induced by LfcinB in the order of SKBR3>MDA‐MB‐231>MDA‐MB‐468>MCF7, while the normal breast epithelial cells MCF‐10A were not sensitive to LfcinB. The peptide also inhibited the invasion of the MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐468 cell lines. In the mouse xenograft model, intratumoural injections of LfcinB significantly reduced tumour growth rate and tumour size, as depicted by live imaging of the mice using in vivo imaging systems (IVIS). Harvested tumour volume and weight were significantly reduced by LfcinB treatment. LfcinB, therefore, is a promising and safe candidate that can be considered for the treatment of breast cancer.
Low IL‐23 levels in peripheral blood and bone marrow at diagnosis of acute leukemia in children increased with the elimination of leukemic burden
Authors: Zampogiannis Archontis , Piperi Christina , Baka Margarita , Zoi Iliana , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. , Moschovi Maria
Published: July 2021

IL‐23 is an IL‐12 cytokine family member with pleiotropic functions that regulates tumour growth in various cancer types, exhibiting both anti‐tumorigenic and pro‐tumorigenic properties. Preclinical studies have shown a potential anti‐leukemic action on childhood B‐ALL cells. The study involved 65 children with acute leukemia [59 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 6 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)] and 27 healthy controls. Using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, we aimed to determine the IL‐23 levels in the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of patients at diagnosis and at the end of the induction therapy (EIT). PB IL‐23 levels were lower in leukemia patients compared to the healthy controls. In all acute leukemia patients, IL‐23 levels were significantly lower at diagnosis both in PB (P = .015) and in BM (P = .037) compared to the PB and BM concentrations at the EIT. The same pattern was present in both subgroups of ALL and AML patients. The high leukemic burden at diagnosis was related with lower IL‐23 levels, which were increased with the disease remission. Considering the anti‐leukemic potential of this cytokine, the elevation of the IL‐23 concentration at the disease remission indicates a beneficial role of IL‐23 in paediatric acute leukemia.
Variation of the physical and aerodynamic properties of coffee cherries during drying: Determination and modeling
Authors: de Araujo Marcos Eduardo Viana , Corrêa Paulo Cesar , Barbosa Eloiny Guimarães , Martins Marcio Arêdes
Published: July 2021

The reduction of moisture content in coffee cherries, during drying, directly influences their physical and aerodynamic properties and quality. The knowledge of these properties is essential for cost reduction, correct conservation, and defining parameters and operation of equipment in the main postharvest operations of the crop. In this study, the main physical properties (unit specific mass, sphericity, circularity, geometric diameter, projected area, volume, and volumetric contraction) and aerodynamic properties (terminal velocity and drag coefficient, actual, and theoretical) were determined during the coffee cherries drying. The reduction of the moisture content during drying provides a reduction of 30% in the specific density of coffee cherries. In addition, it promotes the reduction of sphericity, circularity, projected area, geometric diameter, and volume of the fruits. A volumetric reduction of 40% during the drying process was observed. A new model was proposed to represent the volumetric contraction of coffee cherries during drying. The experimental terminal velocity of coffee cherries decreased during the drying process, while the drag coefficient showed an increasing trend. The theoretical aerodynamic properties found in this study, presented values close to the experimental ones, representing satisfactorily the phenomena in the function of the moisture content.

Practical Applications

Coffee is one of the most important commercial cultures in the world. The physical and aerodynamic properties are essential for the correct handling, separation, cleaning, storage, and transport of coffee. This data will provide important information needed to design different aspects of coffee processing (such as cleaning, sorting, and drying) and storage.
The relationship between postpartum depression and social support during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Terada Shuhei , Kinjo Kentaro , Fukuda Yoshiharu
Published: July 2021

Aim

This study aims to examine the prevalence of postpartum depression and its relationship with social support adjusted for self‐perceived impact of COVID‐19 in parturient women admitted to a perinatal medical center in Japan.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 513 women who underwent a 1‐month postpartum checkup between August 3 and November 27, 2020. Postpartum depression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Social support was measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the score was dichotomized using the Youden index. Nineteen demographic and obstetric characteristics were also assessed.

Results

Postpartum depression was observed in 35 (7.6%) of 461 women: 25 (26.6%) and 10 (2.7%) in the low‐ and high‐support groups, respectively. Women in the low‐support group were significantly more likely to have postpartum depression than those in the high‐support group (odds ratio [OR], 11.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4–27.3; p < 0.001). Furthermore, no interaction was observed between social support and the impact of COVID‐19 for postpartum depression (p = 0.32).

Conclusions

The prevalence of postpartum depression in the study institution was lower than that reported by previous studies in Japan. Moreover, social support was an important predictive factor for postpartum depression during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Increased fracture risk after discontinuation of anti‐osteoporosis medications among hip fracture patients: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Fu Shau‐Huai , Wang Chen‐Yu , Hung Chih‐Chien , Lee Chia‐Che , Yang Rong‐Sen , Huang Chuan‐Ching , Farn Chui‐Jia , Lin Wei‐Hsin , Chen Ho‐Min , Hsiao Fei‐Yuan , Lin Jou‐Wei , Li Chung‐Yi
Published: July 2021

Background

To compare the risks of major osteoporotic, vertebral, and non‐vertebral fractures between patients who discontinued anti‐osteoporosis medications.

Methods

We conducted a comparative effectiveness study with a nationwide population‐based cohort study design. Patients aged ≥50 years admitted between 2012 and 2015 for incident hip fractures and receiving denosumab or bisphosphonates with sufficient compliance for at least 1 year were included. Patients were categorized into persistent or non‐persistent denosumab or bisphosphonates users based on their subsequent use pattern. The main outcomes were subsequent hospitalizations for a major osteoporotic, vertebral or non‐vertebral fracture. Multivariate, time‐varying Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the risk of major outcomes.

Results

Compared with persistent denosumab users, non‐persistent denosumab users had a significantly higher risk of major osteoporotic fractures (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–2.14), vertebral fractures (HR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.46–3.24) and death (HR = 3.57; 95%CI, 2.63–4.84). However, the increased risk of fracture was not found in both persistent and non‐persistent bisphosphonates users. Noteworthy, the increased risk of vertebral fractures in non‐persistent denosumab users was more pronounced within 1 year post‐discontinuation (HR = 2.90; 95% CI, 1.77–4.74) and among patients who discontinued from 2‐year denosumab therapy (HR = 3.58; 95% CI, 1.74–7.40).

Discussion

Discontinuation of denosumab resulted in an increased risk of major osteoporotic fractures, especially vertebral fractures. The increased risk tends to reveal within 1 year post‐discontinuation and be greater after a longer treatment duration. Notably, only fracture with hospitalization was identified as our research outcome, the real risk of osteoporotic fracture post discontinuation is believed to be higher, especially for vertebral fracture.
The finer details? The predictability of life outcomes from Big Five domains, facets, and nuances
Authors: Stewart Ross David , Mõttus René , Seeboth Anne , Soto Christopher John , Johnson Wendy
Published: July 2021

Associations between personality traits and life outcomes are usually studied using the Big Five domains and, occasionally, their facets. But recent research suggests these associations may be driven by the items (reflecting personality nuances) chosen to measure these traits. Using a large dataset (N = 6126), we examined associations with 53 self‐reported outcomes using domains, facets and items (markers for nuances), training and validating models in different sample partitions. Facets better predicted outcomes than domains (on average, 18.0% versus 16.6% of variance explained), but items provided the most accurate predictions (on average 20.9%). Removing domain and facet variance from items had no effect on their predictive validity, suggesting that outcome‐related information was often in items' unique variances (i.e., nuance‐specific). Item‐based prediction also showed the highest discriminant validity. These observations, replicating previous findings, suggest that personality traits' valid associations with outcomes are often driven by narrow personality nuances.
Relationships of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with the previous and subsequent nights’ sleep in children and youth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Wendy Yajun , Ho Robin Sze‐Tak , Tremblay Mark S. , Wong Stephen Heung‐Sang
Published: July 2021

The interrelationships between sleep and daytime movement behaviours have been examined at interindividual level. Studies of within‐person, temporal relationships of daytime physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour with the previous and subsequent nights’ sleep are increasing. The present systematic review and meta‐analysis synthesised the results of studies in school‐aged children and youth. Eight databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Global Health, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL) were searched for peer‐reviewed articles that examined the association between daytime movement behaviours (including PA, sedentary time, or sedentary recreational screen time) and night‐time sleep on the same day, or the association between night‐time sleep and daytime movement behaviours the next day, in children and youth. A total of 11 studies comprising 9,622 children and youth aged 5–15 years met the inclusion criteria. Sedentary time was negatively associated with the subsequent night’s sleep duration (r = −0.12, 95% confidence interval −0.23 to −0.00; I2 = 93%; p = .04). Positive relationships between PA and the previous or subsequent night’s sleep duration were observed only for studies that adjusted for accelerometer wear time. There was some evidence suggesting that a longer sleep duration was associated with less sedentary time and a higher proportion of the daytime spent being physically active and vice versa, although the association was weak and based on a limited number of studies. From a clinical perspective, promotion of either sleep hygiene or daytime PA should be planned with considerations of the virtuous or vicious circle between these behaviours and monitor concurrent effects on the others.
A deep learning model for the topological design of 2D periodic wave barriers
Authors: Liu Chen‐Xu , Yu Gui‐Lan
Published: July 2021

This study presents a new deep learning (DL) model to design topological configurations of periodic wave barriers to meet different target frequencies and site conditions. The new DL model is composed of an auto‐encoder (AE) and a conditional variational AE, and 230,000 sets of data are generated for training, validating, and testing it. The designed results are in good agreement with the targets, and it only takes a few seconds to complete a design. Two barriers are designed by the proposed method for two practical examples, and the vibrations in peak frequency ranges are attenuated. The DL model makes the design of periodic wave barriers smarter and more efficient.
Burkholderia multivorans requires species‐specific GltJK for entry of a contact‐dependent growth inhibition system protein
Authors: Myers‐Morales Tanya , Sim Martha M. S. , DuCote Tanner J. , Garcia Erin C.
Published: July 2021

Interbacterial antagonism and communication are driving forces behind microbial community development. In many Gram‐negative bacteria, contact‐dependent growth inhibition (CDI) systems contribute to these microbial interactions. CDI systems deliver the toxic C‐terminus of a large surface exposed protein to the cytoplasm of neighboring bacteria upon cell−contact. Termed the BcpA‐CT, import of this toxic effector domain is mediated by specific, yet largely unknown receptors on the recipient cell outer and inner membranes. In this study, we demonstrated that cytoplasmic membrane proteins GltJK, components of a predicted ABC‐type transporter, are required for entry of CDI system protein BcpA‐2 into Burkholderia multivorans recipient cells. Consistent with current CDI models, gltJK were also required for recipient cell susceptibility to a distinct BcpA‐CT that shared sequences within the predicted “translocation domain” of BcpA‐2. Strikingly, this translocation domain showed low sequence identity to the analogous region of an Escherichia coli GltJK‐utilizing CDI system protein. Our results demonstrated that recipient bacteria expressing E. coli gltJK were resistant to BcpA‐2‐mediated interbacterial antagonism, suggesting that BcpA‐2 specifically recognizes Burkholderia GltJK. Using a series of chimeric proteins, the specificity determinant was mapped to Burkholderia‐specific sequences at the GltK C‐terminus, providing insight into BcpA transport across the recipient cell cytoplasmic membrane.
Kangaroo position during neonatal ground ambulance transport: Parents' experiences
Authors: Lundqvist Pia , Jakobsson Ulf , Terp Karina , van den Berg Johannes
Published: July 2021

Background

Kangaroo mother care including skin‐to‐skin care aims to overcome the negative effects of separating parents and infants and to increase the quality of care for infants and parents in need of neonatal care. In most cases where inter‐hospital transport is needed, the infant is placed in a transport incubator, which increases the risk of separation due to ambulance service restrictions that imply that parents are not allowed to accompany these transport trips.

Aim

To illuminate parents' experiences of holding their infant in a kangaroo position during neonatal ground ambulance transport.

Study design

A qualitative design with an inductive approach.

Methods

A total of 11 open interviews with Swedish parents were conducted two to seven days after their infant had been transferred in a kangaroo position between hospitals. The transcribed interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

The emerged overarching category was “an uninterrupted closeness chain.” The parents experienced that holding their infant during the transport extended the time they were close to their infant. Using the kangaroo position during ground ambulance transport also created a feeling of being important as a parent, as their participation during transport was appreciated. Parents' experiences were allocated into three categories: “Strengthen the feeling of being important as a parent,” “promote security and create a positive environment for the baby” and “the professionals' attitude promotes security.”

Conclusion and relevance for clinical practice

This knowledge about parents' experiences is important in the continued work to develop interventions that focus on promoting zero separation in neonatal care. Using kangaroo position in a safety harness during ambulance transport enhances zero separation and closeness. To encourage the implementation of kangaroo position during ambulance transport, further research is needed to address parents' experiences of zero separation during transport of infants to a higher level of care.
The gut brain in a dish: Murine primary enteric nervous system cell cultures
Authors: Schonkeren Simone L. , Küthe Tara T. , Idris Musa , Bon‐Frauches Ana C. , Boesmans Werend , Melotte Veerle
Published: July 2021

Background

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is an extensive neural network embedded in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract that regulates digestive function and gastrointestinal homeostasis. The ENS consists of two main cell types; enteric neurons and enteric glial cells. In vitro techniques allow simplified investigation of ENS function, and different culture methods have been developed over the years helping to understand the role of ENS cells in health and disease.

Purpose

This review focuses on summarizing and comparing available culture protocols for the generation of primary ENS cells from adult mice, including dissection of intestinal segments, enzymatic digestions, surface coatings, and culture media. In addition, the potential of human ENS cultures is also discussed.
Ecologically driven selection of nonstructural carbohydrate storage in oak trees
Authors: Furze Morgan E. , Wainwright Dylan K. , Huggett Brett A. , Knipfer Thorsten , McElrone Andrew J. , Brodersen Craig R.
Published: July 2021

Leaf habit is a major axis of plant diversity that has consequences for carbon balance since the leaf is the primary site of photosynthesis. Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) produced by photosynthesis can be allocated to storage and serve as a resiliency mechanism to future abiotic and biotic stress. However, how leaf habit affects NSC storage in an evolutionary context has not been shown.

Using a comparative physiological framework and an analysis of evolutionary model fitting, we examined if variation in NSC storage is explained by leaf habit. We measured sugar and starch concentrations in 51 oak species (Quercus spp.) growing in a common garden and representing multiple evolutions of three different leaf habits (deciduous, brevideciduous and evergreen).

The best fitting evolutionary models indicated that deciduous oak species are evolving towards higher NSC concentrations than their brevideciduous and evergreen relatives. Notably, this was observed for starch (the primary storage molecule) in the stem (a long‐term C storage organ).

Overall, our work provides insight into the evolutionary drivers of NSC storage and suggests that a deciduous strategy may confer an advantage against stress associated with a changing world. Future work should examine additional clades to further corroborate this idea.
Urban and rural differences in frequency of fruit, vegetable, and soft drink consumption among 6–9‐year‐old children from 19 countries from the WHO European region
Authors: Heinen Mirjam M. , Bel‐Serrat Silvia , Kelleher Cecily C. , Buoncristiano Marta , Spinelli Angela , Nardone Paola , Milanović Sanja Musić , Rito Ana Isabel , Bosi A. Tülay Bağci , Gutiérrrez‐González Enrique , Pudule Iveta , Abdrakhmanova Shynar , Abdurrahmonova Zulfiya , Brinduse Lacramioara Aurelia , Cucu Alexandra , Duleva Vesselka , Fijałkowska Anna , Gualtieri Andrea , Hejgaard Tatjana , Hyska Jolanda , Kujundžić Enisa , Petrauskiene Ausra , Sacchini Elena , Shengelia Lela , Tanrygulyyeva Maya , Usupova Zhamilya , Bergh Ingunn Holden , Weghuber Daniel , Taxová Braunerová Radka , Kunešová Marie , Sant'Angelo Victoria Farrugia , Nurk Eha , Ostojic Sergej M. , Spiroski Igor , Tichá Ľubica , Rutter Harry , Williams Julianne , Boymatova Khadichamo , Rakovac Ivo , Weber Martin W. , Breda João
Published: July 2021

In order to address the paucity of evidence on the association between childhood eating habits and urbanization, this cross‐sectional study describes urban–rural differences in frequency of fruit, vegetable, and soft drink consumption in 123,100 children aged 6–9 years from 19 countries participating in the fourth round (2015–2017) of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Children's parents/caregivers completed food‐frequency questionnaires. A multivariate multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed and revealed wide variability among countries and within macroregions for all indicators. The percentage of children attending rural schools ranged from 3% in Turkey to 70% in Turkmenistan. The prevalence of less healthy eating habits was high, with between 30–80% and 30–90% children not eating fruit or vegetables daily, respectively, and up to 45% consuming soft drinks on >3 days a week. For less than one third of the countries, children attending rural schools had higher odds (OR‐range: 1.1–2.1) for not eating fruit or vegetables daily or consuming soft drinks >3 days a week compared to children attending urban schools. For the remainder of the countries no significant associations were observed. Both population‐based interventions and policy strategies are necessary to improve access to healthy foods and increase healthy eating behaviors among children.
Socioeconomic disparities in physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep patterns among 6‐ to 9‐year‐old children from 24 countries in the WHO European region
Authors: Musić Milanović Sanja , Buoncristiano Marta , Križan Helena , Rathmes Giulia , Williams Julianne , Hyska Jolanda , Duleva Vesselka , Zamrazilová Hana , Hejgaard Tatjana , Jørgensen Maja Bæksgaard , Salanave Benoît , Shengelia Lela , Kelleher Cecily C. , Spinelli Angela , Nardone Paola , Abdrakhmanova Shynar , Usupova Zhamilya , Pudule Iveta , Petrauskiene Ausra , Farrugia Sant'Angelo Victoria , Kujundžić Enisa , Fijałkowska Anna , Rito Ana Isabel , Cucu Alexandra , Brinduse Lacramioara Aurelia , Peterkova Valentina , Gualtieri Andrea , García‐Solano Marta , Gutiérrez‐González Enrique , Boymatova Khadichamo , Yardim Mahmut S. , Tanrygulyyeva Maya , Melkumova Marina , Weghuber Daniel , Nurk Eha , Mäki Päivi , Bergh Ingunn Holden , Ostojic Sergej M. , Russell Jonsson Kenisha , Spiroski Igor , Rutter Harry , Ahrens Wolfgang , Rakovac Ivo , Whiting Stephen , Breda João
Published: July 2021

Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep are important predictors of children's health. This paper aimed to investigate socioeconomic disparities in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep across the WHO European region. This cross‐sectional study used data on 124,700 children aged 6 to 9 years from 24 countries participating in the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative between 2015 and 2017. Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured through parental education, parental employment status, and family perceived wealth. Overall, results showed different patterns in socioeconomic disparities in children's movement behaviors across countries. In general, high SES children were more likely to use motorized transportation. Low SES children were less likely to participate in sports clubs and more likely to have more than 2 h/day of screen time. Children with low parental education had a 2.24 [95% CI 1.94–2.58] times higher risk of practising sports for less than 2 h/week. In the pooled analysis, SES was not significantly related to active play. The relationship between SES and sleep varied by the SES indicator used. Importantly, results showed that low SES is not always associated with a higher prevalence of “less healthy” behaviors. There is a great diversity in SES patterns across countries which supports the need for country‐specific, targeted public health interventions.
Structural changes in the trabecular bone of the mandibular condyle of growing patients with sagittal jaw discrepancy treated with the twin‐block appliance
Authors: Akan Burçin , Ünlü Kurşun Begüm
Published: July 2021

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural changes in the trabecular bone of the mandibular condyles in patients treated with the Twin‐block functional orthopaedic appliance that act by promoting condylar growth and to compare the fractal dimension (FD) of condylar trabecular bone structure prior to treatment (T0) and after orthopaedic functional treatment (T1).

Setting and sample population: This retrospective study included panoramic images of 112 individuals with a mean age of 11.04 ± 1.30 years in the study group (32 girls and 24 boys) and 11.6 ± .80 years in the control group (29 girls and 27 boys).

Materials and Methods

The standardized region of interest was selected as the right and left condylar areas close to the articulation surfaces from the twin‐block (TB) group, which included patients who completed functional orthopaedic treatment and the control group, which included untreated individuals. FD values in the condylar region were analysed from the panoramic radiographs of both groups using a box‐counting method with ImageJ software (version 1.52a, US National Institutes of Health).

Results

There was a significant decrease in the FD values of the right (−.038) and left (−.022) condylar region at T0 and T1 in the TB group. Between‐group FD comparisons demonstrated that the TB group showed changes in the condylar region (right, P = .004; left, P = .022) compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Functional orthopaedic forces caused a decrease in the trabecular structure of the condylar area examined.
The melancholy condition of realism
Authors: Jukić Tatjana
Published: July 2021

Drawing on the work of Sigmund Freud (1891, 1917) and Carl Schmitt (1956), I show how twentieth‐century accounts of melancholia, in psychoanalysis and in political theory, entail a presentation of the world that dovetails with nineteenth‐century realism. This suggests that realism is fundamentally a response to the melancholy condition that underlies modernity, and could be analyzed as such; it also suggests that realism persists in the twentieth century as a peculiar configuration of melancholia. Erwin Panofsky’s film theory (1936) exemplifies this position. Based staunchly in realism, Panofsky’s film theory is consistent with his comprehensive early exploration of melancholia (1923); no less than the rationale of cinema is thus shown to be moored in the melancholy condition of realism. It is a juncture explored by Lars von Trier inMelancholia(2011): while studiously arranging his cinematic study of melancholia around realism, Trier implies that film’s likely neglect of realism in the twenty‐first century amounts to cinematic suicide and, consequently, to the end of the modern world.
Transvenous lead extraction: The influence of age on patient outcomes in the PROMET study cohort
Authors: Akhtar Zaki , Elbatran Ahmed I. , Starck Christoph T. , Gonzalez Elkin , Al‐Razzo Omar , Mazzone Patrizio , Delnoy Peter‐Paul , Breitenstein Alexander , Steffel Jan , Eulert‐Grehn Jürgen , Lanmüller Pia , Melillo Francesco , Marzi Alessandra , Leung Lisa W.M. , Domenichini Giulia , Sohal Manav , Gallagher Mark M.
Published: July 2021

Background

Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) therapy contributes to an improvement in morbidity and mortality across all patient demographics. Patient age is a recognized risk factor for unfavorable outcomes in invasive procedures. This is the largest series of non‐laser transvenous lead extraction (TLE) evaluating the association between patient age and procedure outcomes.

Methods

Data of 2205 (3849 leads) patients was collected retrospectively from six European TLE centers between January 2005–December 2018 in the PROMET study. Of these, 153 patients with 319 leads were excluded for incomplete data. A comparison of outcomes was performed between the age groups young [< 50 years], young intermediate [50–69 years], older intermediate [70–79 years], and octogenarian [≥80 years].

Results

Infection was most common indication for TLE in the octogenarian cohort, less common in the younger population (60.1% vs. 33.2%, respectively, p < .01). High‐voltage leads were extracted most frequently from young patients, less frequently from octogenarians (31.6% vs. 10%, p < .001), while the opposite was evident for pacemaker leads (p < .001). Rotational sheath use was equally prevalent across all patient groups (p = .79). Minor and major complications across all the age groups were statistically similar, as was procedural success; the 30‐day mortality was most significant in the octogenarian and least in the young patients (4.9% vs. 0.4%, p = .005). Propensity matching multivariate analysis found systemic infection, lead dwell time, and patient age (p = .013, OR 1.064 [1.013–1.116]) increased risk of 30‐day mortality.

Conclusion

TLE is safe and effective across all age groups. 30‐day mortality risk is significantly higher in the older patients.