bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of hard cold working on microstructure and properties of annealing copper tubes
Authors: Ivanov S. , Markovic Desimir
Published: November 2007

This work gives results of influence of temperature and deformation degree on changes in the metal grain growth of drawn copper tubes, because this mutual dependence was observed. Copper tubes samples, chemical content of 99,97 % Cu and 0,024 % P, were exposed to recrystallized annealing after drawing. The annealing was carried out at temperatures of 573, 623, 673, 723, 773, 823 and 873 K, for 60 minutes, in laboratory conditions. Investigation results show that after drawing with high cold deformation degree (96 - 99 %), the annealing leads to the changes in the continuous grain growth with increased temperature. The smaller grain size appears at 823 K in comparison with the lower annealing temperature. Annealing has influence on mechanical characteristics of tested samples and during drawing of copper tubes these characteristics are adequately changed: with regard to the annealing at the 773 K, the characteristics of strength and plasticity increase as a result of decreased grain size. The increase of annealing temperature to 873 K leads to the increased grain size and decreased values of strength and plasticity characteristics.
Kinetics of nanocrystalline phase transformations in spray pyrolysed ZnO particles
Authors: Mancic Lidija , Marinkovic Zorica , Milosevic Olivera
Published: November 2007

The thermal behavior of ZnO powder obtained by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of nitrate solution (c=0.8mol/dm3, D0=2.695?m, Tmax=6000C, FG=1.2dm3/min) was investigated using non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, heating rates 5, 10, 15, 20O/min). The exothermic heat effects at the temperature range from 350 to 5000C were linked to particles structural data obtained by XRD, SEM and TEM analysis. Produced particles are characterized by uniform submicronic size (D=800nm, BET=4.94m2/g), high phase purity and granular or circular ?open? surface due to the presence of primary crystallites (d= 20nm). Observed structural changes during heating of this powder were attributed to simultaneous processes of nucleation and growth of primary crystallites inside the produced particles.
Impact of experimentation in thermodynamic studies of some metallic and oxidic systems
Authors: Aune R.E. , Fredriksson P. , Seetharaman S.
Published: November 2007

The importance of experimentation as an ingredient to CALPHAD assessments is brought out in the present paper and is illustrated in the case of a number of metallic and oxidic systems. Two types of experimental techniques have been used in the present laboratory for thermodynamic studies, and the details are presented. The results obtained together with the assessed phase diagram in the case of a few selected systems are presented. It was shown that careful experimentation has brought new features in the case of carbide systems involving Mn, and a new 4-phase equilibrium in the case of Ni-W-O system. New data with regard to the thermodynamic activities of FeO-containing slag systems and sulphide capacities of multicomponent slags, obtained by gas equilibration method, are also presented. A thermodynamic software, THERMOSLAG? based on the experimental data has been found to be extremely useful by the steel industries is also discussed.
Novel electrochemical reactions related to electrodeposition and electrochemical synthesis
Authors: Ito Y. , Nishikiori T.
Published: November 2007

Novel electrochemical reactions in molten salts related to electrodeposition and electrochemical synthesis are reviewed to show their usefulness and possibilities in producing functional materials. Surface nitriding of various metals and stainless steels is possible by the use of anodic reaction of nitride ion (N3-) in LiCl-KCl-Li3N melts. Electrochemical hydrogen absorption/desorption reaction occurs in molten salts containing hydride ion (H-). Electrochemical implantation and displantation can be applied to form transition metal-rare earth metal alloys in LiCl-KCl melts containing rare earth chlorides. As non-conventional electrochemical reactions, direct electrochemical reduction of SiO2 to Si, discharge electrolysis to form metal oxide particles and electrochemical plantation of Zr on ceramics are described.
A model for electrochemical insertion limited by a phase transition process - eilpt
Authors: Adhoum N. , Bouteillon J. , Dumas D. , Poignet J.C.
Published: November 2007

This paper deals with electrochemical insertion into a cathodic material. New results on modeling of the influence of a solid phase transformation on the shape of voltamograms are presented. The original experiments concern the insertion of sodium into carbon during the cathodic reduction of molten NaF at 1020 ?C, but in the present manuscript emphasis on the theoretical aspects of the work is put. Phase transformations during electrochemical insertion are taken into account, with various values for parameters such as the thermodynamic biphase equilibrium potential, the compared diffusion and phase transformation kinetics, and the electrode thickness. The voltamograms calculated present very specific features; some of them have already been observed experimentally in literature.
Influence of the cordierite lining on the lost foam casting process
Authors: Trumbulovic Ljiljana , Gulisija Zvonko , Acimovic-Pavlovic Zagorka , Andric Lj.
Published: November 2007

This paper discuss the influence of the refractory cordierite lining on the structure and mechanical properties of Al-Si and Al-Cu casings obtained from the Lost foam casting process. So far there has not been any report of the research on cordierite lining in the literature and moreover the cordierite ceramics have never been used in foundries. In the light of these facts this paper investigates the possibility of using cordierite for manufacturing evaporable model refractory linings. Our results indicate that the application of cordierite ceramics is comparable to talc-based refractory linings in both Al-Cu and Al-Si castings, while cordierites are favorable in Al-Cu case due to their higher melting temperature.
Historical review and actual situation of metallurgy at Kosovo and Metohija
Authors: Nikolic Branislav , Jaksic Ljubisav
Published: November 2007

Historical review and actual situation of metallurgy at Kosovo and Metohija has been presented in this paper. That region is known by metallurgical production of ferrous and nonferrous precious metals from ancient times to nowadays. By the end of twentieth century, the production of ferronickel started. The destruction of Yugoslavia and wars during nineties caused the stop of production. Beside the presence of the international forces in the last six years, there was no renewal of metallurgical production.
Kinetics and mechanism of synthetic CoS oxidation process
Authors: Strbac N. , Mihajlovic I. , Zivkovic D. , Boyanov B. , Zivkovic Z. , Cocic M.
Published: November 2007

The results of investigation of kinetics and mechanism for synthetic a-CoS oxidation process are presented in this paper. Based on experimental data obtained using DTA and XRD analysis and constructed PSD diagrams for Co-S-O system, mechanism of synthetic a-CoS oxidation process is suggested. Characteristic kinetic parameters were obtained for experimental isothermal investigations of desulfurization degree using Sharp method.
Mineralogical transformations in copper concentrate roasting in fluo-solid reactor
Authors: Cocic M. , Logar M. , Cocic S. , Devic S. , Matovic B. , Manasijevic D.
Published: November 2007

This work presents the results of investigation process of copper concentrate roasting in fluo-solid reactor with the aim of studying a transformation degree of primary ore minerals under various technological parameters. Input material (charge) and roasting products (calcine) were investigated by x-ray diffraction, ore microscopy and chemical analysis. The investigation results have shown that reaction of mineral transformation are not completed, i.e. they are developed only partially (12-22%) what is a consequence of insufficient long heating, unsuitable temperature or unfilled other parameters as well as non-uniform grain size. .
Calibration of the simulation model of the VINCY cyclotron magnet
Authors: Cirkovic Sasa , Ristic-Djurovic Jasna , Vorozhtsov Alexey , Vorozhtsov Serguei
Published: November 2007

The MERMAID program will be used to isochronise the nominal magnetic field of the VINCY Cyclotron. This program simulates the response, i. e. calculates the magnetic field, of a previously defined model of a magnet. The accuracy of 3D field calculation depends on the density of the grid points in the simulation model grid. The size of the VINCY Cyclotron and the maximum number of grid points in the XY plane limited by MERMAID define the maximumobtainable accuracy of field calculations. Comparisons of the field simulated with maximum obtainable accuracy with the magnetic field measured in the first phase of the VINCY Cyclotron magnetic field measurements campaign has shown that the difference between these two fields is not as small as required. Further decrease of the difference between these fields is obtained by the simulation model calibration, i. e. by adjusting the current through the main coils in the simulation model.
Srna - Monte Carlo codes for proton transport simulation in combined and voxelized geometries
Authors: Ilic Radovan , Lalic Darko , Stankovic Srboljub
Published: November 2007

This paper describes new Monte Carlo codes for proton transport simulations in complex geometrical forms and in materials of different composition. The SRNA codes were developed for three dimensional (3D) dose distribution calculation in proton therapy and dosimetry. The model of these codes is based on the theory of proton multiple scattering and a simple model of compound nucleus decay. The developed package consists of two codes: SRNA-2KG and SRNA-VOX. The first code simulates proton transport in combined geometry that can be described by planes and second order surfaces. The second one uses the voxelized geometry of material zones and is specifically adopted for the application of patient computer tomography data. Transition probabilities for both codes are given by the SRNADAT program. In this paper, we will present the models and algorithms of our programs, as well as the results of the numerical experiments we have carried out applying them, along with the results of proton transport simulation obtained through the PETRA and GEANT programs. The simulation of the proton beam characterization by means of the Multi-Layer Faraday Cup and spatial distribution of positron emitters obtained by our program indicate the imminent application of Monte Carlo techniques in clinical practice.
Review of accident analyses of RB experimental reactor
Authors: Pesic Milan
Published: November 2007

The RB reactor is a uranium fuel heavy water moderated critical assembly that has been put and kept in operation by the VTNCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, since April 1958. The first complete Safety Analysis Report of the RB reactor was prepared in 1961/62 yet, the first accident analysis had been made in late 1958 with the aim to examine a power transition and the total equivalent doses received by the staff during the reactivity accident that occurred on October 15, 1958. Since 1960, the RB reactor has been modified a few times. Beside the initial natural uranium metal fuel rods, new types of fuel (TVR-S types of Russian origin) consisting of 2% enriched uranium metal and 80% enriched UO2 dispersed in aluminum matrix, have been available since 1962 and 1976 respectively. Modifications of the control and safety systems of the reactor were made occasionally. Special reactor cores were designed and constructed using all three types of fuel elements as well as the coupled fast-thermal ones. The Nuclear Safety Committee of the VINCA Institute, an independent regulatory body, approved for usage all these modifications of the RB reactor on the basis of the Preliminary Safety Analysis Reports, which, beside proposed technical modifications and new regulation rules, included safety analyses of various possible accidents. A special attention was given (and a new safety methodology was proposed) to thorough analyses of the design-based accidents related to the coupled fast-thermal cores that included central zones of the reactor filled by the fuel elements without any moderator. In this paper, an overview of some accidents, methodologies and computation tools used for the accident analyses of the RB reactor is given.
Measurement of (n, xnγ) reaction Cross-sections on natural lead using in-beam gamma-Ray spectroscopy
Authors: Pandurovic Mila , Lukic Strahinja , Baumann Paule , Hilaire Stpehane , Jeknic Jasmina , Jericha Erwin , Jokic Stevan , Kerveno Maelle , Mihailescu Cristia , Pavlik Andreas , Plompen Arjan , Gerard Rudolf
Published: November 2007

New concepts in nuclear reactor technology require precise neutron reaction data in the intermediate and high energy range. At present, experimental and evaluated nuclear data, particularly for (n, xn) reactions, are very scarce. Moreover, real discrepancies exist between different databases. The lack of experimental data is essentially due to the difficulty of measuring (n, xn) reactions. No universal method applicable to all isotopes exists. One of the possible methods is the in-beam y-ray spectroscopy and neutron time of flight technique on white neutron beams. In this way one actually directly measures (n, xny) reaction cross-sections. These serve as a starting point in the subsequent derivation of (n, xn) reaction cross-sections using nuclear models. This method was applied with a natural lead sample at me GELLNA white neutron beam facility in Geel, Belgium.
Radiation survey and decontamination of cape Arza from depleted uranium
Authors: Vukotic Perko , Andjelic Tomislav , Zekic Ranko , Kovacevic Milojko , Vasic Vladimir , Savic Slobodan
Published: November 2007

In the action of NATO A-10 airplanes in 1999, the cape Arza, Serbia and Montenegro was contaminated by depleted uranium. The clean-up operations were undertaken at the site, and 242 uranium projectiles and their 49 larger fragments were removed from the cape. That is about 85% of the total number of projectiles by which Arza was contaminated. Here are described details of the applied procedures and results of the soil radioactivity measurements after decontamination.
An investigation of low-energy photon reflection from the iron target
Authors: Markovic Srpko , Simovic Rodoljub , Ljubenov Vladan
Published: November 2007

For the photon transport kernel in form of the Thomson scattering function and a restrictive photon diffusion directed only toward free surface, several exact expressions of back scattered fluxes are demonstrated. The solving approach was established on a lemma proved by Placzek combined with the Fourier analytic inversion technique or the order of scattering method. Albedo problem in case of the homogeneous plane shield of iron subjected to the photons normally incident on the free surface is treated. Comparison of the results obtained by the analytical and Monte Carlo methods for the reflection of 40 and 60 keV photons from iron target confirms the domination of the single scattered photon flux and the strong influence of the scattering function anisotropy in reflection process at low energies.
Status of injection transport beam line at kernfysish versneller institute
Authors: Toprek Dragan , Formanoy Iwo , Brandenburg Sytze
Published: November 2007

At Kernfysisch Versneller Institute, optical properties of injection transport beam were studied. Measurements of beam size and emittance determined by "varying quadrupole method" are compared with calculations including fringe fields up to the third order with the COSYINFINITY code. Calculations and measurements qualitatively match; the calculations reflect the observed large beam losses. On the basis of the calculations new settings have been determined, resulting in a significant increase of the transmission. To achieve full transmission a complete redesign of the beam line is needed, in particular of the bending magnets.
Monte Carlo assessment of boron neutron capture therapy for the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Mundy Daniel , Jevremovic Tatjana
Published: November 2007

For a large number of women who are diagnosed with breast cancer every year the avail able treatment options are effective, though physically and mentally taxing. This work is a starting point of a study of the efficacy of boron neutron capture therapy as an alternative treatment for HER-2+ breast tumors. Using HER-2-specific monoclonal anti bodies coupled with a boron-rich oligomeric phosphate diester, it may be possible to deliver sufficient amounts of 10B to a tumor of the breast to al low for selective cell destruction via irradiation by thermal neutrons. A comprehensive computational model (MCNP) for thermal neutron irradiation of the breast is described, as well as the results of calculations made using this model, in order to determine the optimum boron concentration within the tumor for an effective boron neutron capture therapy treatment, as compared with traditional X-ray radiotherapy. The results indicate that a boron concentration of 50-60 mg per gram of tumor tissue is optimal when considering treatment times, dose distributions and skin sparing. How ever these results are based upon best-guess assumptions that must be experimentally verified.
A semi empirical formula for the angular differential number albedo of low-energy photons
Authors: Markovic Srpko , Ljubenov Vladan , Simovic Rodoljub
Published: November 2007

Low-energy photon reflection from water, aluminum, and iron is simulated by the MCNP code and results are com pared with similar Monte Carlo calculations. For the energy range from 60 to 150 keV and for the normal incidence of initial photons, a universal shape of the normalized angular differential number albedo is observed and after that fitted by the curve fit ting procedure in form of a second order polynomial over the polar angle. Finally, a one-parameter formula for the angular differential number albedo is developed and verified for water through the comparison of results with the semi empirical formulae and Monte Carlo calculations of other authors.
Automatic system for the mapping of the VINCY cyclotron magnetic field
Authors: Dobrosavljevic Aleksandar , Cirkovic Sasa , Kosutic Djordje , Vukosavljevic Ljubisa , Vranic Dragan
Published: November 2007

The VINCY Cyclotron is the main part of the TESLA Accelerator Installation at the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences in Belgrade. It is an isochroous cyclotron for the acceleration of both light and heavy ions. The pole of its magnet has the diameter of 2000 mm; its bending limit is 134 MeV, while its focusing limit is 73 MeV. This paper describes the magnetic field measurement system that has been used for the shimming of the VINCY Cyclotron magnet i.e., for precise shaping of its sectors and plugs. It is an automatic measurement system based on the Hall-probe that moves in the median plane between the poles of the magnet. We have used this system to obtain precise maps of the magnetic field for different operating regimes of the cyclotron needed in the process of shimming. The overall measurement uncertainty was estimated to be in the range of ?0.02%.
Emittance measurements of the ACCEL K250 superconducting medical cyclotron at Paul Scherer institute
Authors: Toprek Dragan
Published: November 2007

The results of beam profile measurements of the proton beam of the ACCEL K250 superconducting cyclotron at the Paul Scherrer Institute are presented in this paper. Beam emittances in both horizontal and vertical planes are estimated by the varying quadrupole method.
Benchmarking the invariant embedding method against analytical solutions in model transport problems
Authors: Wahlberg Malin , Pázsit Imre
Published: November 2007

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of the invariant embedding method in a few model transport problems for which it is also possible to obtain an analytical solution. The use of the method is demonstrated in three different areas. The first is the calculation of the energy spectrum of sputtered particles from a scattering medium without absorption, where the multiplication (particle cascade) is generated by recoil production. Both constant and energy dependent cross-sections with a power law dependence were treated. The second application concerns the calculation of the path length distribution of reflected particles from a medium without multiplication. This is a relatively novel application, since the embedding equations do not resolve the depth variable. The third application concerns the demonstration that solutions in an infinite medium and in a half-space are interrelated through embedding-like integral equations, by the solution of which the flux reflected from a half-space can be reconstructed from solutions in an infinite medium or vice versa. In all cases, the invariant embedding method proved to be robust, fast, and monotonically converging to the exact solutions.
Focusing limit of a cyclotron: Axial betatron instability against beam dynamics approach
Authors: Cirkovic Sasa , Ristic-Djurovic Jasna , Ilic Andjelija , Neskovic Nebojsa , Vorozhtsov Alexey , Vorozhtsov Sergey
Published: November 2007

In an isochronous relativistic cyclotron, axial defocusing of a beam caused by the radial growth of the isochronous magnetic field is compensated by the azimuthal field gradient introduced by sectors. The focusing capabilities of sectors set the maximum ion energy obtainable from the machine. Usually, the focusing limit of a machine is determined by using the criterion for axial beam instability evolving from the equations of betatron oscillations. The obtained value of the focusing limit is approximate because the equations of betatron oscillations it originates from are approximate as well. The accurate value of the focusing limit is obtained by simulating accelerated beam dynamics in the extraction region. It is shown that the focusing limit of a cyclotron resulting from the two methods could differ for more than 9%. The suggested third method for focusing limit computation relies on the beam dynamics simulation along the critical equilibrium orbit rather than the acceleration orbit and thus it is less time consuming although equally accurate.
Assessment of water hammer effects on boiling water nuclear reactor core dynamics
Authors: Bousbia-Salah Anis
Published: November 2007

Complex phenomena, as water hammer transients, occurring in nuclear power plants are still not very well investigated by the current best estimate computational tools. Within this frame work, a rapid positive reactivity addition into the core generated by a water hammer transient is considered. The numerical simulation of such phenomena was carried out using the coupled RELAP5/PARCS code. An over all data comparison shows good agreement between the calculated and measured core pressure wave trends. However, the predicted power response during the excursion phase did not correctly match the experimental tendency. Because of this, sensitivity studies have been carried out in order to identify the most influential parameters that govern the dynamics of the power excursion. After investigating the pressure wave amplitude and the void feed back responses, it was found that the disagreement between the calculated and measured data occurs mainly due to the RELAP5 low void condensation rate which seems to be questionable during rapid transients. .
Reflection coefficient of low energy light ions based on the theory of ion ranges
Authors: Vukanic Jovan
Published: November 2007

Multiple collision theory of light ion ranges in an infinite medium has been used to calculate reflection coefficient from penetration profile in the energy region where the electronic stopping is dominating and proportional to the ion velocity. Ion-target atom collisions are determined by the inverse square scattering potential. The Gaussian approximation of a penetration profile as well as reflection coefficient are found in the form of analytic formulas. Corrections for multiple crossings of the surface have been applied. The results are compared with those from our previous calculations on the basis of DP0 solution of the transport equation and with the computer simulation data.
A fuzzy approach to the generation expansion planning problem in a multi-objective environment
Authors: Abass Samir , Massoud Eman
Published: November 2007

In many power system problems, the use of optimization techniques has proved inductive to reducing the costs and losses of the system. A fuzzy multi-objective decision is used for solving power system problems. One of the most important issues in the field of power system engineering is the generation expansion planning problem. In this paper, we use the concepts of membership functions to define a fuzzy decision model for generating an optimal solution for this problem. Solutions obtained by the fuzzy decision theory are always efficient and constitute the best compromise. .
Chipped stone projectiles in the territory of Serbia in prehistory
Authors: Saric Josip
Published: November 2007

The projectiles are the least abundant group and the least known segment of the chipped stone artifacts in the prehistory of Serbia. In this work we studied all specimens known and available so far from the literature and/or in museum collections. We carried out the analysis of morphotechnical characteristics and defined basic types and their general dating.
Podgorac Iron Age hill-fort: Kornjet
Authors: Stojic Milorad
Published: November 2007

In 2004 a survey of a prehistoric hill-fort surrounded by a dry stone wall was carried out at the site Kornjet, in the village Podgorac, East Serbia. An amount of pottery from the Early Iron Age (phase Laniste I) and some twenty arrow-heads of thin sheet iron were found on that occasion. Three bronze objects were found earlier at the same site, while in private collections there are some 40 large iron axes as well as several hundred iron arrow-heads.
Adolf Hitrek i prva arheoloska iskopavanja Sirmijuma
Authors: Jeremic Miroslav
Published: November 2007

(francuski) Les martyriums du Sirmium chr?tien sont devenus le leitmotiv des premi?res recherches arch?ologiques conduites ? Mitrovica vers la fin du XIX?me si?cle. Cet article, concernant les premi?res fouilles arch?ologiques conduites ? Mitrovica, en 1882/83, par l?arch?ologue Adolf Hytrek. Il s?agit d?une basilique pal?ochr?tienne d?di?e ? saint Synerote, mise au jour, dans la n?cropole nord-est de Sirmium. En fait, Hytrek avait re?u la t?che d?licate, s?agissant d?un site fortement boulevers?, de d?gager et de reconstruire le plan d?un b?timent dont les murs ?taient d?j?, pour leur plus grande partie, irr?m?diablement d?truits. La question est de savoir si Hytrek disposait d?un oeil d?arch?ologue suffisamment aguerri pour pouvoir reconna?tre et reconstruire, de fa?on fiable, des murs ? jamais disparus, sur la base de leurs seules ville empreintes au sol. En ce qui concerne nos remarques et objections ? l??gard des reconstructions de Hytrek, elles ne sauraient, de toute ?vidence, r?soudre les probl?mes relev?s qui, assur?ment ne pourront, y compris ? l?avenir, qu??tre abord? que dans le cadre de r?flexions et suppositions th?oriques.
The association between technology type and diffusion pattern under duopolistic competition
Authors: Tsou Ching-Shih , Chung Kun-Jen , Hsu Chin-Hsiung
Published: November 2007

Many firms consider adopting new technologies as a means for enhancing competitive advantages. Therefore, the subject of technology diffusion has been studied by many researchers from different disciplines in order to explore the diffusion profiles throughout the industry or the country. The argument has frequently been made that the pattern of diffusion associated with most new technologies will typically have certain characteristics. In general, the diffusion pattern within an industry will depend on the competitive arena and technology characteristics. Based on a duopolistic game-theoretic model, this paper tries to explore the association between technology type and diffusion pattern. The results show that the cost-reducing technologies are adopted sequentially within a duopoly. On the other hard, strategic technologies diffuse over time or in a swarm. Although both technologies might be adopted sequentially, the rate for strategic technologies is faster than that for cost-reducing technologies. .
The flow networks approach to decision analysis in construction industry
Authors: Cirovic Goran , Plamenac Darko
Published: November 2007

The application of flow networks on the example of the types of works distribution as well as the distribution of construction workers qualification structure according to particular types of buildings is presented in the paper. The flow networks considered were proposed by Zdzislaw Pawlak and are the tools for the new mathematical models related to the information regarding flow explorations in decision algorithms. The decision algorithms consist of series of decision rules for each particular case of various types of construction objects interdependence, as well as of various kinds of workers and their qualification structure. It is all generated in the paper. .
Methodological questions regarding the economic history of Byzantium
Authors: Laiju Angeliki
Published: November 2007

"The Economic History of Byzantium", now in press, has been discussed on the basis of new archaeological data, a broader historiographical environment and on the economic ideology. The methodological problems concern chronology, the role of the state, the relationship between ideology and reality, the significance of smallholdings, the usefulness of modern economic theory. The economy was a mixed one, providing some of the important needs of the people.
Istrazivanje ostataka hrama Sv. Pantelejmona u Nisu
Authors: Korac Vojislav
Published: November 2007

(francuski) Les principales communications concernant les fouilles de l'?glise Saint-Pant?l??m?n ayant d?j? ?t? publi?es dans le recueil de travaux consacr? ? Stefan Nemanja, le pr?sent texte propose un rapport d?taill? des derni?res fouilles et des r?sultats obtenus. Il est compl?t?, en se fondant sur les maigres vestiges architecturaux mis au jour, d'une tentative de reconstitution id?ale de la conception spatiale de l'?glise. Son rapprochement avec les plans des autres ?glises ayant eu pour fondateur Stefan Nemanja permet de conclure que le conception de l'espace et la structure de Saint-Pant?l??m?n ?tait tr?s proche de celles de l'?glise de la Vierge ? Studenica. Ce rapport sur les fouilles effectu?es contient ?galement un catalogue de trouvailles fun?raires, parures et objets utilitaires qui, au vu de leur grande valeur, appartenaient de toute ?vidence aux couches ?lev?es de la population.
Serbs in front of the city of St. Demetrios?: One allusion from the Monodium to the Fallen in Thessaloniki by Demetrios Kydones
Authors: Radic Radivoj
Published: November 2007

In the "Monodium to the Fallen in Thessalonica" (PG, 109, col. 652), an eulogy written by Demetrios Kydones in September 1345, there is mention of a hostile foreign army capable of posing a serious threat to the second city of the Empire. Having in mind the positions of the warring factions in the ongoing civil war in Byzantium on the one hand, and the fact that in September of that very same year Stefan Dusan had captured the important city of Serres on the other, there is reason to suspect that the hostile army seen as a possible captor of Thessalonica - is indeed the Serbian army.
The Italian kin of the Tocco despot: Some notes about the relatives of Carlo I Tocco
Authors: Zecevic Nada
Published: November 2007

This paper deals with a familial strategy of "using" kinsmen in keeping power and prominence as seen from the case of the family of the Tocco, the rulers of the Ionian islands (XIV-XV c). A widely-known family narrative and some less-known documentary evidence reveal details on several Italian Tocco who were close to Carlo I (b. c. 1375-1429) in spatial terms, and who, more importantly, played a considerable role in securing useful political alliances for their mighty kinsman of the "Greek" family branch. In addition, regarding new information about one Italian Tocco (Gioanella, the daughter of Carluccio), the paper suggests some more definite conclusions about her genealogical position and conjugal affiliation.
Rama in the royal title of the Hungarian kings
Authors: Zivkovic Tibor
Published: November 2007

The region (zupa) of Rama was enlisted in the official title of the Hungarian kings around 1138, as it is known from an official document. The exact answer to the question under which circumstances it happened has never been reached. It is most probable that Rama was not just other name for Bosnia as it was proposed in historiography, neither was a part of Bosnia conquered by military action of the Hungarian king around 1135. Having in mind that Rama was a part of the principality of Raska during the Early Middle Ages, it is quite possible that Rama became part of the official title of the Hungarian kings through some direct connections between ruling families of Hungary and Raska. The most probable answer could be reached through the examination of these relations. Namely, a daughter of Raska's zupan, Uros I, Helena, was married to the Hungarian crown prince Bela in 1129, when Rama was, most probably, part of Helena's dowry. When the crown prince became king of Hungary in 1131, Rama was included in his royal title. Later on during the Middle Ages Rama became part of Bosnia giving ground to the Hungarian kings to claim whole Bosnia as their heritage. .
Smisao gradjenja po uzoru - primeri u srpskoj arhitekturi XIV veka
Authors: Korac Vojislav
Published: November 2007

(francuski) Ce travail a pour objet les monuments du XIVe si?cle dont l'?rection s'inscrit dans un courant ind?pendant de la tendance alors dominante dans l'architecture serbe. Par construction sur un mod?le donn? on entend le ph?nom?ne enregistr? dans l'architecture serbe du XIIIe si?cle et connu sous le nom d'?cole de Rascie. Se tournant vers l'architecture byzantine la construction sacr?e a alors produit en Serbie une s?rie d'ouvrages se distinguant par leurs conceptions reprenant celles de l'architecture de la renaissance des Pal?ologue. Cette innovation ?tait une cons?quence d'un changement g?n?ral survenu dans l'orientation culturelle et politique du milieu serbe. Le XIVe si?cle voit ainsi l'?rection de deux importants monuments qui, par leurs conceptions, s'inscrivent dans la tradition de l'architecture du XIIIe si?cle, Banjska et Decani. S'agissant de l'?glise Saint-Etienne ? Banjska nous poss?dons une source ?crite rapportant qu'elle a ?t? ?rig?e sur le mod?le de Studenica. Pour sa part, outre la poursuite de la tradition de l'architecture du XIIIe si?cle, on rel?ve ? Decani une ?vidente influence de l'architecture romano-gothique inspir?e des ouvrages ?rig?s sur les contr?es serbes de la c?t? adriatique. Par ailleurs, on note aussi le caract?re particulier de la principale fondation de l'empereur Dusan, en l'occurrence son ?glise mausol?e des Saints-Archanges pr?s de Prizren. Cette ?glise a en effet eu pour mod?le direct l'?glise sud du monast?re constantinopolitain du Pantocrator, alors que son aspect ext?rieur d?note certaines solutions ? travers lesquelles se poursuit l'architecture serbe du XIIIe si?cle. En conclusion ce travail constate qu'ind?pendamment des tendances dominant dans l'architecture serbe du XIVe si?cle, la construction traduit une recherche de prestige de la part des souverains fondateurs, aspiration principalement dict?e dans ses choix par des crit?res de nature id?ologique. Ce travail fait ?tat d'un autre cas o? l'on constate la reprise d'un ancien mod?le sur une nouvelle oeuvre, reprise ayant, elle aussi, n?glig? les principes en vigueur de l'architecture contemporaine.
Vizantijski preci nekih clanova bosanske vladarske kuce
Authors: Rokai Petar
Published: November 2007

(nemacki) Byzantinische Kaiser als Ahnen zu haben stellt auch heute f?r einige Leute die Ideal der Vornehmheit vor. In der genealogischen Literatur war bis heute nicht betont, da? einige Mitglieder der bosnischen Dynastie der Kotromaniden und der dortigen Oligarchenfamilie der Kosaca auch byzantinische Kaiser als Ahnen gehabt h?tten. Dieses Streben war schon in ihrer Zeit doch mehr von Prestige-charakter, als von praktisch-politischer Bedeutung.
Study of the standing figures in the five domes of the Virgin Ljeviska in Prizren
Authors: Popovic Ljubica
Published: November 2007

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Sandaljeva udovica Jelena Hranic
Authors: Tosic Djuro
Published: November 2007

(francuski) Mena grandit et fut ?lev?e dans la maison de ses parents (1368-1386). La plus belle partie de sa jeunesse elle passa comme ?pouse de Djurdje II Stracimirovic et dans un r?gne autonome sur Z?ta au nom de son fils mineur Balsa (1403-1411). Son ?ge m?r elle consacra ? son deuxi?me mari, duc Sandalj (1411-1435). Les derni?res ann?es de sa vie elle uecnt comme veuve (1435-1443) jusqu'? sa mort en ?ge de soixante-quinze ans. De toutes ces p?riodes notre attention fut uniquement fix?e, en vue des mat?riaux ?dits et in?dits d'archiv? ? Kotor, et ? Raguse (Dubrovnik), ? son veuvage pendant lequel elle avait montr?, en d?pits de son ?ge, une ?nergie impressionnante. C'est surtout son engagement en mati?res de finance qui est m?rite de notre admiration. Elle prenait des int?r?ts de la somme que Sandalj avait d?pos? sous son nom et aussi elle-m?me, elle d?posait de l'argent et des valeurs diff?rentes ? Dubrovnik et ? Kotor. Si elle n'arrivait pas ? faire tout elle-m?me, elle le faisait par ses employ?s (?l?ves, notaires), envoy?s et confidents. Une partie de l'argent gagn? en ces op?rations bancaires elle utilisait aussi pour son progr?s spirituel: elle fondait des ?glises, reconstruisait celles qui ?taient vieilles et en mauvais ?tat, s'occupait des moines et jouissait en lisant la litt?rature monastique et autre, elle gardait des reliques de saints et menait des longues et int?ressantes conversations avec l'abb? Nikandar sur les questions en ce temps-l? fr?quemment disput?es: sur les questions d'aum?ne, de monachisme, de la vie c?nobite et de la vie anachor?te. Comme les autres princesses serbes (m?re Milica, Mena Serska, qui est devenue plus tard en religion Jefimija et la reine Mena Anzujska) elle aussi a eu la vie pleine de succ?s d'une femme tr?s travaillante, tr?s intelligente, qui avait en plus une tr?s bonne ?ducation et qui ?tait remplie de l'espoir de trouver le chemin qui l'emm?nerait vers la ?vie ?ternelle?.
Last years in the last century of the Serbian Byzantine relationships
Authors: Cirkovic Sima
Published: November 2007

Since the Battle of Marica (1371), there has been in the Serbian literature an increasing tendency to recognize "signs" of the fulfillment of pristine prophecies that the Ismaelits would subdue the Christians, that all liturgy would come to an end and such suffering ensue that the living would envy the dead. Prophecies originating from the time of the spread of Islam regained topicality at the time of the spread of the Ottoman power and the breakdown of the Christian states headed by the Byzantine Empire. This pessimistic tenor was only intensified by the belief in the 84 "last years", the years of suffering and sorrow, between the thirteenth 532-year Great Paschal Cycle (6916 = 1st September 1407 ? 31st August 1408) and the year 7000 (1st September 1491 ? 31st August 1492). .
Despot Stefan and Byzantium
Authors: Kalic Jovanka
Published: November 2007

The topic of this paper is one aspect of the relationship between Serbia and Byzantium at the beginning of the 15th Century, during the so-called "despot period" of the reign of Stefan Lazarevic (1402-1427), namely the fate of the Byzantine title of Despots' in Serbia against the background of the political situation in the Balkans at the time of Turkish domination. Knez Stefan (1377-1427), Knez Lazar's son, received the title of Despotes according to the procedure long ago established at the Byzantine Court. In Byzantium, this title, which was second in rank only to the title of the Emperor, used to be endowed to the relatives of the imperial dynasty, it was not hereditary and did not depend on the territory ruled by the bearer of the title. It was a personal court title of the highest rank in Byzantium. This honor was bestowed upon the young Knez Stefan in summer of 1402 after his return from the battlefield of Angora (Ankara), where Sultan Beyazid I suffered a disastrous defeat from the hands of the Tatars. The Serbian Knez was solemnly received in Constantinople, a marriage between himself and a sister of the Byzantine Empress was arranged and John VII Palaeologus, the co-regent of the then-absent Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus, endowed him with the title of Despotes. Knez Stefan carried this title till the end of his life. It was held in great honors in Serbia and was broadened in meaning to designate a ruler's title in general, remaining alive among the Serbs even after the fall of the Byzantine Empire. Stefan Lazarevic received the dignity of a Despotes once more, in 1410 in Constantinople. All this notwithstanding, the political situation in the South-East of Europe at the beginning of the 15th Century was all but favorable. Some Christian states were conquered by the Turks (Bulgaria), some were vassals of the Sultan (Byzantium, Serbia). Everything depended on the Ottomans. At the time of dynastic conflicts in the Turkish Empire (1403-1413) as well as afterwards, the political interests of Byzantium and Serbia were different, even at times contrary. What they had in common was the attempt to find allies in the West, especially among the countries which had an interest to fight against the Turks, so an initiative was raised to form a Christian League to that effect. Despot Stefan, in his capacity as a vassal of the Hungarian King Sigismund of Luxembourg, took part in the negotiations the Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaelogus held in Buda with his host (1424). This was the last meeting of the Serbian Despotes with the Byzantine Emperor. The title of Despotes had changed with respect to the Byzantine norms. Despot Stefan became the Despotes of the Kingdom of Rascia (Raska), as the Kingdom of Serbia was called in the West. The personal title of the Byzantine Imperial Court was thus transformed in accordance with the non-Byzantine traditions of the Serbian political ideology. .
Bosnia in the work of Kritoboulos of Imbros
Authors: Radic Radivoj
Published: November 2007

Most of the data Kritoboulos of Imbros, a Byzantine historian of the fifteenth century, gives about Bosnia, pertain to the last years of existence of the medieval Bosnian state. Apart from two short side notes on other issues, the bulk of evidence on Bosnia in Kritoboulos' work bears on the events of the year 1463, describing the occupation of Bosnia by Mehmed II the Conqueror and the counteroffensive launched by the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus, as well as the final return of the Ottoman Sultan in 1464. Kritoboulos was obviously well informed about the events, so that his report even though it does not offer spectacular new insights, certainly represents a valuable supplement to other sources. The space Kritoboulos devotes to the fall of Bosnia, taken together with the data from other Byzantine sources such as Laonikos Chalkokondyles' History, Byzantine Short Chronicles and Chronicle of the Turkish Sultans, unequivocally shows that this was one of the most important events in the second half of the fifteenth century. Viewed as a hole, the body of evidence on Bosnia from Byzantine sources, covering the time span of the tenth to the fifteenth centuries, bears witness to how the Byzantine perspective on Bosnia changed over centuries. Originally, e.g. in Constantine Porphyrogennetos' De administrando imperio (tenth century) Bosnia was simply considered a part of Serbia. Later, although still treated as a part of Serbia, it assumes a somewhat different position, as witnessed by John Kinnamos in twelfth century, who notes that "the river Drina which takes its origin somewhat higher up and divides Bosnia from the rest of Serbia", but also that "Bosnia itself is not subjected to the Serbs' grand zupan, but is a tribe which lives and ruled separately". Finally, in the 15th century, Bosnia is an independent state like, for instance, Serbia or Hungary. .
L'architecture monumentale de Byzance et de Serbie durant le dernier siècle de l'empire byzantin: Un traitement particulier des façades
Authors: Korac Vojislav
Published: November 2007

(francuski) Les grands changements dans l'histoire de Byzance en ont influenc? l'art et l'architecture. Les restaurations venant apr?s la rupture de la vie de l'empire ont renouvel? la cr?ation artistique et de construction. Les reconstructions apportent des nouveaut?s. Le dernier si?cle est en Byzance et en Serbie particulier en architecture par sa conception diff?rente, nouvelle du traitement architectonique ext?rieur. C'est le fruit de la reconstruction marqu?e comme la renaissance des Pal?ologues. Les changements ne semblent pas importants, pourtant ils exerceront une influence essentielle sur l'architecture de l'?poque tardive. Le centre de gravit? est transf?r? aux fa?ades, trait?es ind?pendamment de la structure int?rieure du monument. Les changements sont visibles aux monuments de Constantinople et ensuite ? ceux des autres centres et r?gions. La nouvelle mani?re de traiter les surfaces des fa?ades est manifest? aux monuments de Constantinople, tels que l'?glise du Christ Pantocrator, ainsi qu'aux monuments messemvriens issus de la m?me conception. La fa?ade n'est plus simplement la paroi enfermant un espace mais une image en soi. Dans l'architecture serbe leur base est celle des ?uvres de l'?poque pr?c?dente marqu?e comme l'?cole serbe-byzantine. Aux monuments moraves les bases d?velopp?es et condens?es des fa?ades sont construites de mani?re semblable en composant des zones horizontales ind?pendamment de la structure int?rieure. La d?coration ext?rieure en relief en est l'une des marques essentielles. Un des monuments cl?s, de la fin de l'?poque mo avienne, celui du monast?re Kalenic, comporte le programme d?coratif respectant l'id?e de base de la construction.Ceci exprime un retour ? l'architecture pr?c?dente, ce qui fait de Kalenic dans son ensemble le mod?le des solutions nouvelles, apport?es par l'architecture moravienne. Le travail pr?sent mentionne les dilemmes scientifiques concernant l'origine de la d?coration en relief moravienne. Les monuments de Mistra y sont ?galement mentionn?s et leurs fa?ades trait?es avec de l'ambition artistique.
The potential of the office of Domestikos ton Scholon VIII-X centuries
Authors: Krsmanovic Bojana
Published: November 2007

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