bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Napoleonic Warfare
Authors: Kuehn John T.
Published: November 2023

This carefully researched book provides an operational level analysis of European warfare from 1792 to 1815 that includes the tactics, operations, and strategy of major conflicts of the time.

2015 marks the 200th anniversary of the famous Waterloo campaign, sparking a renewed interest in Napoleon’s prowess as a military leader and acumen as a strategist. This in-depth analysis scrutinizes the complex campaigns and strategies of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, looking at how military genius—referred to in the book as “operational art”—shaded the panorama of 18th-century warfare.

Drawing upon familiar battles as well as lesser-known campaigns, this sweeping reference uses 20th-century military theory to explain 19th-century events. Author John T. Kuehn discusses joint warfare and strategy found in the military movements of Marshal Suvorov in Italy and Switzerland in 1799; the early and later campaigns of Napoleon and Nelson; and the Duke of Wellington’s campaigns in Spain, Portugal, and Belgium. The work also includes an entire chapter on theory and history of operational art spanning a variety of perspectives—from theorist Carl von Clausewitz to American air force pilot John Boyd. This book is a must-have for any military history collection.
Pay-to-Play Politics
Authors: Brown Heath
Published: November 2023

Pay-to-Play Politics examines money and politics from different angles to understand a central paradox of American democracy: why, when the public and politicians decry money as the worst aspect of American politics, are there so few signs of change?

Everyone from Hillary Clinton to Bernie Sanders to Ted Cruz complains about the corrupting role of money and politics, but money is the lifeblood of their political survival. The public, too, deplores big money politics, despite regularly reelecting the richest candidates for office. The purpose of this book is to reconcile howagainst many people's wishesthe connection between money and politics has come to define American democracy.

Examining the issue from the perspective of the public, the courts, big business, Congress, and the presidency, Heath Brown argues that money can often be harmful to the political process, but not always in ways we expect or in ways we can directly observe. More money does not necessarily guarantee electoral, legislative, or executive victories, but money does greatly change political access, opportunity, and trust. Without a nuanced understanding of the nature of the problem, future reforms will be misguided and fruitless. Pay-to-Play Politics concludes by making concrete recommendations for reform, including feasible ways to reach bipartisan consensus.
Handbook of Japanese Christian Writers
Authors: Williams Mark , Gessel Van , Michihiro Yamane ,   MHM Limited, Tokyo, Brownstein Michael , Doak Kevin M. , Gabriel Philip , Haynes Anthony , Holca Irina , Mari Imai , Satoru Miyasaka , Morton Leith , Takuma Nagahama , Sakurai Ryōta , Miho Sekino , Tomasi Massimiliano , Ibuki Yamane
Published: November 2023

Although a century and a half of Christian proselytizing has only led to the conversion of about one percent of the Japanese population, the proportion of writers who have either been baptized or significantly influenced in their work by Christian teachings is much higher. The seventeen authors examined in this volume have all employed themes and imagery in their writings influenced by Christian teachings. Those writing between the 1880s and the start of World War II were largely drawn to the Protestant emphasis on individual freedom, though many of them eventually rejected sectarian affiliation. Since 1945, on the other hand, Catholicism has produced a number of religiously committed authors, led by figures such as Endo Shusaku, the most popular and influential Christian writer in Japan to date. The authors discussed in these essays have contributed in a variety of ways to the indigenization of the imported religion.
East Asia Observed
Authors: Hoare James
Published: November 2023

This collection brings together themes in East Asian history, diplomacy, culture and politics written by J.E. Hoare since the early 1970s. His writings derive from his training as a historian, from his time as a Research Analyst in the British Foreign Office from 1969-2003, and from his experiences as a diplomat in the Republic of Korea (South Korea), the People’s Republic of China, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea). The writings selected for this volume include academic papers, book reviews and some quasi-journalistic articles which reflect both historical research and analysis of current events and issues. The wide-ranging content speaks to the author’s specialist fields of interest including diplomacy, biography, extraterritoriality and architecture on which he has published extensively.
Food Culture in Medieval Scandinavia
Authors: Gyönki Viktória , Maraschi Andrea , Kjesrud Karoline , Figenschow Stefan , Poilvez Marion , Opsahl Erik , Njåstad Magne , Leslie-Jacobsen Helen F. , Lavender Philip , McGillivray Andrew , Ceolin Martina
Published: November 2023

The making, eating, and sharing of food throughout society represents an important and exciting area of study with the potential to advance the field of scholarship, particularly in the context of Scandinavian Studies. This book analyses the historical, legal, and literary sources of the region during the medieval period to explore different aspects of Scandinavian culture relating to food and drink: production, consumption (including feasts), trading (distribution), and the associated social rituals. Using new and innovative approaches, this collection of studies offers broad insights into a great variety of social practices and includes fresh information on not only social history but also traditional topics such as trade, commercial exchange, legal regulation, and political organisation. The book unites contributors from a variety of backgrounds, further enriching the content of a collection that promises to make a significant contribution to the state of current research.
Lives in Transit in Early Modern England
Authors: Das Nandini , Melo João Vicente , Roberts Tom , Smith Haig Z. , Stevenson Emily , Working Lauren
Published: November 2023

What did it mean to be a 'go-between' in the early modern world? How were such figures perceived in sixteenth and seventeenth century England? And what effect did their movement between languages, countries, religions and social spaces – whether enforced or voluntary – have on the ways in which people navigated questions of identity and belonging? Lives in Transit in Early Modern England is a work of interdisciplinary scholarship which examines how questions of mobility and transculturality were negotiated in practice in the early modern world. Edited by Nandini Das, the twenty-four essays by João Vicente Melo, Tom Roberts, Haig Smith, Emily Stevenson, and Lauren Working cover a wide range of figures from different walks of life and corners of the globe, ranging from ambassadors to Amazons, monarchs to missionaries, translators to theologians. Together, the essays in this volume provide an invaluable resource for readers interested in questions of race, belonging, and human identity.
Hands on Film
Authors: Monahan Barry
Published: November 2023

Hands on Film is a comprehensive study of the representations and on-screen uses of the human limb, spanning the history of the cinema from its birth to contemporary times. It examines how filmmakers have framed the hand for a variety of effects, from stylistic to thematic, and for the development of characterisation and narrative. The book offers insights into how films have created meaning by focusing on that part of the anatomy and, in turn, proposes a variety of ways in which its on-screen appearances might shed light on what it means to be sentient, cultured, and creative beings in the world.
Women Filmmakers and the Visual Politics of Transnational China in the #MeToo Era
Authors: Marchetti Gina
Published: November 2023

Manoeuvring around mainland China’s censors and pushing back against threats of lawsuits, online harassment, and physical violence, #MeToo activists shed a particularly harsh light on the treatment of women in the cinema and entertainment industries. Focusing on films from the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the Chinese diaspora, this book considers how female directors shape Chinese visual politics through the depiction of the look, the stare, the leer, the glare, the glimpse, the glance, the queer and the oppositional gaze in fiction and documentary filmmaking. In the years leading up to and following in the wake of #MeToo, these cosmopolitan women filmmakers offer innovative angles on body image, reproduction, romance, family relations, gender identity, generational differences, female sexuality, sexual violence, sex work, labor migration, career options, minority experiences, media access, feminist activism and political rights within the rapidly changing Chinese cultural orbit.
Syntax of Hungarian
Authors: Bánréti Zoltán
Published: November 2023

Syntax of Hungarian aims to present a synthesis of the currently available syntactic knowledge of the Hungarian language, rooted in theory but providing highly detailed descriptions, and intended to be of use to researchers, as well as advanced students of language and linguistics. As research in language leads to extensive changes in our understanding and representations of grammar, the Comprehensive Grammar Resources series intends to present the most current understanding of grammar and syntax as completely as possible in a way that will both speak to modern linguists and serve as a resource for the non-specialist.

This volume provides a comprehensive overview and description of coordinate structures, the syntactic and semantic types of conjunctions, as well as the types of ellipses in sentences and short dialogues. It discusses multiple conjunctions, coordinated wh-constructions, sluicing, and sentence fragments.
Roman Period Statuettes in the Netherlands and beyond
Authors: Veen Christel
Published: November 2023

The subject of this study is a relatively rare category of artefacts, bronze and terracotta statuettes that represent deities, human figures and animals. They were introduced in the northwestern provinces by Roman troops from the end of the 1st century BCE onwards. The statuettes have been recovered from military and non-military settlements, the surrounding landscape and, to a far lesser extent, from sanctuaries and graves. Until now, their meaning and function have seldom been analysed in relation to their find-spots. Contrary to traditional studies, they have been examined as one separate category of artefacts, which offers new insights into the distribution pattern and iconographic representation of deities. When studying a group of artefacts, a large research area or a large dataset is required, as well as dateable artefacts and find-contexts. These conditions do not apply to the Netherlands and to the majority of statuettes that are central to this study. Moreover, although the changing appearance of statuettes suggest a transformation of cults, the identities of the owners of these statuettes remain invisible to us. Therefore, the issue of Romanization is not put central here. Instead, the focus is on a specific aspect of religion, known as lived religion, within the wider subject of its transformation in the Roman period: how people used statuettes in everyday life, in the context of their houses and settlements.
Originell, nachhaltig und schick
Authors: Frutig Markus
Published: November 2023

Der Verpackungsspezialist Ratioform setzt dieses Jahr erneut auf ein umfangreiches Sortiment an speziellen Geschenkverpackungen und Accessoires für die Weihnachtszeit. Optisch ansprechende Motive, nachhaltige Materialien und praktische Accessoires bieten eine grosse Auswahl für E-Commerce und Einzelhandel.
PPWR stellt die Weichen für die Zukunft der Verpackung
Authors: Mühling Winfried
Published: November 2023

Als europäischer Verband unterstützt Pro Carton ausdrücklich die Ziele der EU-Verordnung über Verpackungen und Verpackungsabfälle (PPWR). Es gibt dennoch aktuell in der Verpackungsindustrie kein Gesetzesvorhaben, welches für vergleichbare Diskussion gleichzeitig aber auch Verunsicherung sorgt, wie die PPWR.
Model Specification in Mixed-Effects Models
Authors: Lohse Keith , Kozlowski Allan , Strube Michael J.
Published: November 2023

Mixed-effect models are flexible tools for researchers in a myriad of fields, but that flexibility comes at the cost of complexity and if users are not careful in how their model is specified, they could be making faulty inferences from their data. We argue that there is significant confusion around appropriate random effects to be included in a model given the study design, with researchers generally being better at specifying the fixed effects of a model, which map onto to their research hypotheses. To that end, we present an instructive framework for evaluating the random effects of a model in three different situations: (1) longitudinal designs; (2) factorial repeated measures; and (3) when dealing with multiple sources of variance. We provide worked examples with open-access code and data in an online repository. We think this framework will be helpful for students and researchers who are new to mixed effect models, and to reviewers who may have to evaluate a novel model as part of their review.
Relationship between conflict factors and enrolment of girls in rural public primary schools in Samburu County, Kenya
Authors: Lanyasunya Ropilo , Tikoko Betty Talai , Ngala Frederick B J A
Published: November 2023

The study sought to investigate the relationship between inter-group conflict and enrolment of girls in rural public primary schools in Samburu County, Kenya. Despite Kenya’s government’s effort to promote girls’ education, gender disparities still exist in rural areas. Thus, the objectives of this study are to examine the relationship between selected factors of loss of human lives, loss of livelihood source, displacements, fear of attack, and learning disruption and enrolment of girls in rural public primary schools in Samburu County, Kenya. The researcher used a descriptive correlation survey design. The study was viewed from the premise of Social Conflict Theory by Oberschall. The target population of the research was 136 female teachers and 135 headteachers who happened to be male teachers from rural public primary schools in Samburu County. The sample size for the study was 136 female teachers and 27 headteachers. Out of these, 14 female teachers and 3 headteachers were used for piloting. The researcher used the census method for female teachers who responded to the questionnaires, and a purposive sampling technique was applied for head teachers whose data was obtained using interview schedules. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient showed a statistically significant moderate negative correlation of -0.537 with a p-value (Sig.) of 0.005, indicating significance at the 5 per cent level. This indicates that higher levels of inter-group conflict factors are linked to a reduction in girls’ enrollment in the region. The study recommends the government’s resolve to end inter-group conflict in Samburu County.
The use of social media as a relationship enhancement communication tool between medical practitioners and patients at Hlabisa Hospital
Authors:   , Sikhakhane Jacqueline T.
Published: November 2023

Communication is a broad concept it is essential in both human and patient care relation and includes all possibilities in which people can exchange information with each other. Good medical practitioner and patient communication have the potential to help facilitate comprehension of medical information and allow for better identification of patient's needs, perceptions, and expectations. Poor communication by healthcare medical practitioners contributes to physical and psychological suffering in patients living a serious disease. Communication breakdowns are global in medicine and lead to a variety of medical errors and patient harm. This study explores the use of social media as a relationship enhancement communication between medical practitioners and patients. It intends to connecting/link positively and constructively the medical practitioner and patients via social media by considering medical ethics. The research will collect data from focus-groups and will include academic journals, books, newspapers, and Reports. The data will be analyzed using the computerized NVivo Software (version 12. Pro) and thematic analysis. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the research methods and population study used with intention of investigating the use of social media as a relationship enhancement communication between medical practitioners and patients. Qualitative approach was used in this study to attain its objectives, 8 participants were used for the sample study of which 4 were patients and 2 were medical practitioners. For the main study 12 participants were used which included 8 patients and 4 medical practitioners. Participants from the sample study were not included in the main study. To conduct this research study non probability sampling will be used mainly because of convenience and cost effective. this study found that WhatsApp and Facebook are the most suitable or used social media platforms to be used at Hlabisa hospital to facilitate communication between medical practitioners and patients as well as an important medium to advertise significant wellness events. whoever will be responsible for the Hlabisa hospital social media platform must be strategic, be well informed, authentic and strategic. use listening skills to check understanding, understand cultural differences and how they might impact communication. Be empathetic toward the patients.
The nutrient quality, sodium content and compliance of savoury snacks and potato crisps in Durban
Authors:   , Zama Nomcebo
Published: November 2023

South Africans consume a significantly high amount of sodium from salty snacks. The study aimed to evaluate salty snack manufacturers' compliance with the June 2016 and 2019 target date for sodium reduction as set out by the Department of Health in Regulation 214. It also aimed to assess low sodium claims made on selected products and determine if the sodium claim is compliant with the labelling legislation. The study focuses on flavoured potato chips, flavoured ready-to-eat savoury snacks and salt and vinegar-only potato chips and savoury snacks. The study applied an observational descriptive research design. The aspects under observation were nutrition labels from the above items. The products were sampled from five major retailers in Durban using convenience sampling methods. A total sample of 90 products belonging to the above categories was considered. Sodium content information was collected from the selected product packages. The study also applied the Association of Official Analytical Chemists’ (AOAC) official method 984.27 in laboratory tests to verify low sodium claims on the sampled products. In terms of compliance, the study showed that out of the 90 selected snacks, 26% of the snacks did not meet their 2019 targets, while 4% did not meet their 2016 targets. Fisher’s exact tests showed that no snack category had a better inclination towards meeting 2019 tests than others. In the flavoured ready-to-eat savoury snack category, 7.5% of the 40 varieties did not meet their 2016 target of 800mg Na/100g, while 27.5% did not meet their 700mg Na/100g target for 2019. In the flavoured potato chips group, all 40 varieties met their 2016 target of 650mg/100 while 20% did not meet their 2019 target. In the salt and vinegar chips category, 9 varieties or 90% met their 2016 target of 1000mg Na/100g, while 40% of the 10 varieties did not meet their 2019 target of 850mg Na/100g. Generally, most snacks met their 2016 and 2019 targets, but a concerning proportion failed to do so. The laboratory tests showed that 4.4% of the products made a compliant low sodium nutrient claim (sodium levels below 120mg Na/100g). The findings from laboratory tests show that 4 of these were indeed low sodium content products, although their claimed sodium content was slightly higher than reported from independent laboratory tests. The findings also show that 1 product had a label indicating low sodium content although it had sodium content far above the low sodium limit. The findings show the potential errors and misrepresentations in sodium content labelling in savoury snacks. Among other things, the study recommended increased product compliance monitoring and evaluation, using standardised, rigorous sodium testing and measuring systems, using more consumer-friendly labels and consumer education on sodium labelling.
THE SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF NATIONALITY AND PERSONAL LAW TO THE LEGAL ENTITY
Authors:   ", Abdukodirov Abdurauf ,   International Strategic Centre for  Agro-food Development (I-SCAD)"
Published: November 2023

This article examines the areas of application of the nationality and personal law of a legal entity, which plays an important role in the relations of a legal entity in a foreign state and with foreign legal entities, ie public and private international legal relations. In this case, tax, investment and diplomatic protection are discussed separately as the main areas of focus on the nationality of the legal entity. It has also been proved based on the legislation of foreign countries, judicial practice, bilateral and multilateral international agreements, scientific doctrine on the application of the nationality and personal law of a legal entity in various fields are that nationality and personal law of a legal entity are separate concepts. More precisely, it was concluded that the nationality of a legal entity should be applied in public legal relations, and personal law in private international legal relations
WHO BENEFITS FROM CORRUPTION IN THE JUDICIARY?
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Odilova Sitora
Published: November 2023

This article stipulates that before making a decision that is an act of the judicial system protecting the violated rights, freedoms and interests, it is necessary to determine the actual circumstances of the civil case, as well as the qualification of these cases, ie to establish clear correspondence between the circumstances of the case. Before concluding on the existence of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests, the court must determine whether these legal norms are the existence of certain facts linking these rights, freedoms or legitimate interests, the evidence in civil proceedings, their admissibility, the need to prove them, The importance of the necessary reforms, the study of the legal nature of the assessment of evidence in the civil procedure legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, to identify existing problems and offer them legal solutions, following foreign experience, to solve this problem. issues of regulation and national legal regulation, the role and specific features of this area in the development of our national legislation, as well as the basics of legal regulation aimed at preventing potential risks in this area
IMPROVEMENT OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN ON THE LIBERALIZATION OF THE FOREIGN TRADE REGIME FOR ACCESSION TO THE WTO
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Saidmusayev Jasurbek
Published: November 2023

The article describes the features of the process of improving the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the liberalization of the foreign trade regime for accession to the WTO, its general characteristic, which is the most popular institution for dispute resolution, the economic interdependence of states due to the rapid expansion of mutual flows of goods and capital, the growing exchange of services and technologies has turned the world economy into a more or less integral economic system, the link in which international trade in goods and services and the movement of capital. In this article, the steps to be taken in the process of joining the WTO, as well as their legal basis, as well as the process of integration between several international organizations and countries, are analyzed. What kind of organization is the World Trade Organization, the legal order of membership of the organization, the system of legal norms in the management of international trade by the organization, the advantages and disadvantages of the organization for states, as well as the fact that Uzbekistan is a member of this organization are studied. The steps to be taken in the process of joining the WTO, as well as their legal basis, are also analyzed and the integration process taking place between several international organizations and countries
PROBLEMS WITH REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF PENALTY (NEUSTOYKA) BY THE COURT
Authors:   the law firm “Maxlegal”, Omonov Anvarjon , Badriddinov Boburkhon ,   Tashkent State University of Law
Published: November 2023

Ensuring the fulfillment of contractual obligations is now of paramount importance. Therefore, it is more important than ever to do research on this issue. This article discusses ways to secure an obligation. in particular, the concept of neustoyka, in which the views of scientists are presented. forms of penalty (neustoyka) and its legal nature are discussed. It also considers the theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of reducing the amount of fines, which is currently the subject of heated debate in the Republic of Uzbekistan (Article 326 of Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan), gives examples from court practice and compares with foreign experience. Reducing the amount of penalty (neustoyka) by the courts suggests the prevention of possible corruption cases and a reasonable solution to the problem. including proposals for the revision of Article 326 of Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which shall be stated by reasoned opinions. Moreover, aspects that can be drawn from foreign experience are discussed
SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LAW IN THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Akhmedshaeva Mavluda
Published: November 2023

"The article analyzes and compares the legal developments of the countries of Central Asia in the context of digitalization of all aspects of public life, including the legal sphere. There is a commonality in the legal development, due to the commonality of their historical development, religion, culture, customs, mentality of these countries. Also, the region in which they are located is the basis for uniting them into a separate group. The author tried to analyze the common features of the legal systems of these countries, as well as those features that are inherent in the legal development of individual countries of this region. It is noted that the judicial system of these countries is developing along the same vector towards the creation of a truly independent judicial system, which does not exclude the presence of certain aspects in development, in particular the institution of jury trial in Kazakhstan, attempts to create such in Kyrgyzstan, etc. or those common and distinctive features that took place in the systems of sources of law in these countries regarding the status of decisions of the Supreme Courts. The article also notes those trends in the legal development of these countries, such as the influence of English law and its application in the field of international cooperation, more precisely in the field of business and commerce"
ОРЫС ЗИЯЛЫЛАРЫНЫҢ АХИЛЛЕС ӚКШЕСІ (ГЕОРГИЙ ДАНЕЛИЯНЫҢ «КҤЗГІ МАРАФОН» ФИЛЬМІНДЕГІ ЧЕХОВ МОТИВТЕРІ)
Authors: Табачникова О.М.
Published: November 2023

Статья ставит своей задачей вкратце наметить, как чеховские мотивы прослеживаются в знаменитом фильме Георгия Данелии «Осенний марафон» производства 1979 года. Показано, что идейно и типологически фильм наследует именно чеховской традиции. А именно, персонажи Чехова и герой фильма Данелии Андрей Бузыкин продолжают одну классическую линию, олицетворяя представителей русской интеллигенции, неспособных к действию, не умеющих сказать «Нет». И эта черта оказывается роковой не только для чеховских героев 19-го века, но и для их потомков в советской России времен застоя. И также как и в творчестве Чехова, за бытовой мелодрамой открывается экзистенциальная глубина. Кроме того, сходство прослеживается также и на уровне поэтики.

The article aims to briefly outline how AntonChekhov‘s motifs can be traced in the famous film by Georgy Danelia ―Autumn Marathon‖ produced in 1979. It is shown that ideologically and typologically the film inherits precisely the Chekhovian tradition. Namely, Chekhov‘s characters and the hero of Danelia‘s film, Andrei Buzykin, continue one classical line, personifying representatives of the Russian intelligentsia, incapable of action, unable to say ―No.‖ And this trait turns out to be fatal not only for Chekhov‘s heroes of the 19th century, but also for their descendants in Soviet Russia during the times of stagnation. And just like in Chekhov‘s work, existential depth reveals itself behind the everyday melodrama. In addition, similarities can also be traced at the level of poetics.

Мақала Георгий Данелияның 1979 жылы шыққан әйгілі "Күзгі марафон" фильмінде Чехов мотивтерінің қалай байқалатынын қысқашасипаттауды мақсат етеді. Фильм идеялық және типологиялық тұрғыдан Чехов дәстүрін мұра ететіні кӛрсетілген. Атап айтқанда, Чеховтың кейіпкерлері мен Данелия фильмінің кейіпкері Андрей Бузыкин бір классикалық сызықты жалғастырады, іс-әрекетке қабілетсіз, "жоқ"деп айтуды білмейтін орыс зиялы-ларының ӛкілдерін бейнелейді. Бұл қасиет 19 ғасырдағы Чехов батырлары үшін ғана емес, сонымен бірге олардың тоқырау кезіндегі кеңестік Ресейдегі ұрпақтары үшін де қатерге әкеледі. Сондай-ақ, Чеховтың шығармашылығы сияқты,күнделікті мелодраманың артында экзистенциалды тереңдік ашылады. Сонымен қатар, ұқсастықтар поэтика деңгейінде де байқалады.
Construction du concept de la sélection naturelle par des élèves de sixième primaire
Authors: PONCELET Jean-François , ORANGE Christian , DE BISEAU Jean-Christophe
Published: November 2023

Ce chapitre présente les résultats d’une recherche s’intéressant aux capacités de problématisation de la sélection naturelle des élèves d’une classe de sixième primaire (11-12 ans). À partir de l’intervention proposée, il apparaît que la mobilisation de la transmission des caractères héréditaires et de la prédation différentielle sont accessibles à des élèves de cet âge.
Decomposing the Effective Radiative Forcing of anthropogenic aerosols based on CMIP6 Earth System Models
Authors: Kalisoras Alkiviadis , Georgoulias Aristeidis K. , Akritidis Dimitris , Allen Robert J. , Naik Vaishali , Kuo Chaincy , Szopa Sophie , Nabat Pierre , Olivié Dirk , van Noije Twan , Le Sager Philippe , Neubauer David , Oshima Naga , Mulcahy Jane , Horowitz Larry W. , Zanis Prodromos
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Anthropogenic aerosols play a major role for the Earth-Atmosphere system by influencing the Earth’s radiative budget and climate. The effect of the perturbation induced by changes in anthropogenic aerosols on the Earth's energy balance is quantified in terms of the effective radiative forcing (ERF) which is the recommended metric for perturbations affecting the Earth’s top-of-atmosphere energy budget since it is a better way to link this perturbation to subsequent global mean surface temperature change. In this work, the present-day ERF of anthropogenic aerosols is quantified using simulations from Earth system models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The ERFs of individual aerosol species, such as sulphates, organic carbon (OC), and black carbon (BC) are calculated along with the ERF due to all anthropogenic aerosols and the transient ERF over the historical period (1850–2014). Additionally, ERF is analyzed into three components: (a) ERFARI, representing aerosol-radiation interactions, (b) ERFACI, accounting for aerosol-cloud interactions, and (c) ERFALB, which is mainly due to the contribution of surface albedo changes caused by anthropogenic aerosols. Here, the total anthropogenic aerosol ERF (calculated using the piClim-aer experiment) is estimated to be -1.11 ± 0.26 W m-2, mostly due to the large contribution of ERFACI (-1.14 ± 0.33 W m-2), compared to ERFARI (-0.02 ± 0.20 W m-2) and ERFALB (0.05 ± 0.07 W m-2). The total ERF caused by sulphates (piClim-SO2) is estimated at -1.11 ± 0.31 W m-2, the OC ERF (piClim-OC) is -0.35 ± 0.21 W m-2, whereas the ERF exerted by BC (piClim-BC) is 0.19 ± 0.18 W m-2. On top of that, our analysis reveals that ERFACI clearly prevails over the largest part of the Earth except for the BC experiment where ERFARI prevails over land. By the end of the historical period (1995–2014), the global mean total aerosol ERF is estimated at -1.28 ± 0.37 W m-2 (calculated using the histSST experiment). We find that sulphates dominate both present-day and transient ERF spatial patterns at the top of the atmosphere, exerting a strongly negative ERF especially over industrialized regions of the Northern Hemisphere, such as North America, Europe, East and South Asia. Since the mid-1980s ERF has become less negative over Eastern North America and Western and Central Europe, while over East and South Asia there is a steady increase in ERF magnitude towards more negative values until 2014.
The Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression in Public Spaces in View of Human Rights
Authors: Eddy Triono , Medaline Onny
Published: November 2023

Freedom of opinion is basically a right that every individual has which is guaranteed by the constitution, this is contained in Article 28E paragraph (3). Advances in technology and information are a forum for expressing opinions by the people in Indonesia. This research aims to determine policies that attempt to protect individual rights to freedom of opinion and expression and protect individual rights to their reputation. In order to achieve a quo objective, this research uses normative legal research methods and the results of this research show that the Indonesian State protects individual rights to express opinions and expressions as contained in Article 28E paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution,

Keywords: Freedom of Opinion and Expression, ITE Law (UU ITE)
Market Structure and Market Conduct of Garden Egg Fruits Marketing in Onitsha Agricultural Zone, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: D.C. Nkamigbo, , C.A. Isibor, , N.J. Obiekwe,
Published: November 2023

The study examined income and revenue analysis of garden egg fruits marketing in Onitsha agricultural zone, Anambra State, Nigeria. Specifically, it described the socioeconomic characteristics, determine the market structure, market conduct and constraints to garden egg fruits marketing in the study area. Multistage and sample random sampling methods were used to select 160 intermediaries 80 wholesalers and 80 retailers for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gini coefficient and relative index techniques. Findings from socioeconomic characteristics revealed that majority of the marketers had one level of education or other thus making the study area a very vibrant economic hub center for business activity The result of market conduct revealed that both the wholesalers and retailers used big balls of garden egg fruits (size) as a criteria for their selling strategies. . Findings from gini coefficient revealed a gini coefficients of 0.7155 and 0.7488 for wholesalers and retailers respectively. This implies a high level of income inequalities (sale margin) in the distribution of income among the marketers and high concentration of sales in the hands of few marketers hence existence of imperfect competition in the market. The result revealed that some marketers can influence price of the commodity. Under aged hawking should be discouraged and irrigation system should be provided for all year-round availability and there is a need for government to address bad conditions of our road to minimize the cost of transportation were recommended.

Keywords: Marketing, structure, Fruits, conduct
Some issues with true factual libel
Authors:   Korean Association For Corruption Studies, Jo Chung Young
Published: November 2023

There has long been controversy in many countries over how far criminal justice will intervene in defamation. The recent trend makes it a rule not to punish those who indicate true facts in most countries. In addition, even if the true facts are indicated, punishment is not usually taken as a criminal problem in the case of the public interest. In our case, Article 307 of the Criminal Act provides for punishment even if true facts are indicated. In other words, if the truth is indicated, it will be punished if “performance” is recognized. It is common to interpret the “publicly” stipulated in the crime of defamation as a state that can be recognized by an unspecified or large number of people. However, the precedent for “recognizable state” is that if there is a possibility of spreading due to “possibility of transmission,” it is recognized even if it is not unspecified or majority, and many scholars say that it means a state that can be directly recognized by unspecified or majority. Aside from the controversy over punishment if the criminal law states the truth, the attitude of these precedents is unfair. First of all, it does not fit the meaning of the word performance. This is because the meaning of performance should be found in performance itself, and the meaning of performance should not be defined through the possibility of propagation. In addition, if it is a “bad word” for the other party, it already has a constituent requirement, which is unfair as it excessively interferes with the daily lives of the people. The illegality is fragmented for what is in the public interest, but this is not a fundamental solution. Therefore, the fact that defamation is generally established by stating true facts is too widely recognized to abolish defamation itself, but it is necessary to reduce the scope to certain cases, such as infringement of personal privacy. In the end, it is necessary to change the paradigm of the punishment of defamation by not punishing in principle, putting freedom of expression first, and punishing in exceptional cases.
A Study on the Correlation between Local Government’s Integrity Policy and Integrity Level
Authors:   Korean Association For Corruption Studies, Kwon Woo Duck , Lee Sun Joong
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between integrity policies and integrity of local governments from the perspective of institutional isomorphism. Local governments are making efforts to improve the integrity through integrity policies. However, since the integrity policies of local governments are implemented according to the comprehensive integrity evaluation by the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission, it is judged that institutional isomorphism is occurring without reflecting the characteristics or organizational capabilities of the institutions. Institutional isomorphism means that policy activities of all organizations become similar while organizations accept them according to the framework required by the institutional environment. This institutional isomorphism makes it difficult for local governments to improve integrity and create a culture of integrity. Looking at the relationship between integrity policies and integrity of local governments, policies to improve corruption-vulnerable areas reflecting the characteristics of institutions appeared to be correlated, and other policies were found to be insignificant with integrity. It is judged that it will be difficult to expect improvement in the essential integrity of local governments unless they develop and implement integrity policies that can create an integrity climate by reflecting the characteristics of local government.
Fiscal inefficiency and moral hazard of local government: With a focus on unused budget and local Subsidies
Authors:   Korean Association For Corruption Studies, Kim Ae Jin
Published: November 2023

Previous studies analyzing the causes and consequences of inefficient fiscal management have mainly focused on the politics of the budget process and fiscal prudence, often overlooking the relationship between inefficiency in budget execution and moral hazard, which represents inefficient fiscal management.
This study aims to examine the relationship between inefficient fiscal management and moral hazard at the local government level, focusing on unused budget and local subsidies. It does so by collecting financial statements from local governments across the country spanning from 2017 to 2021. The increase in unused budget at the local government level can be attributed to the expansion of local governments' authority and fiscal size, which has not been met with corresponding efficient and responsible expenditure.
Local subsidies have the positive aspect of leveraging private sector capabilities to improve business performance, but they also have a negative impact on local government integrity by leading to unproductive appropriation structures, such as unreasonable budgeting and the expansion of expenses.
Budget wastage, including excessive unused budget and increased local subsidies, has been cited as a cause of corruption and moral hazard for many years. Therefore, for efficient resource allocation, it is essential to ensure rigor in budget formulation and budget deliberation, improve the financial expenditure structure during the budget execution stage, and maintain objectivity in the budget settlement stage.
A Study on the Improvement of the Local Council's Public service Overseas Training System: Focusing on securing integrity
Authors:   Korean Association For Corruption Studies, Lee Seung Chal , Jang Eun Su , Park Soo Yeon , Park Hye Eun
Published: November 2023

In This study, we sought to examine the current status of local council public service overseas training with a focus on laws and regulations and suggest improvement measures to ensure integrity and reliability.
First, in the preliminary stage, effectiveness must be secured by strengthening the pre-deliberation process in the preliminary stage. The ratio of civilian members must be at least 60% to ensure fairness and integrity in the review. In addition, prior study is necessary for practical overseas training in public affairs. Second, at the implementation stage, the basic principles and behavior matters to be observed by local council members during overseas training for public service should be stipulated in ordinances so that they can fully understand the purpose during the overseas training for public service. Third, in the follow-up stage, the review committee conducts an evaluation of the result report, and in the case of an unfair or seriously poor business trip result report (including lack of schedule compliance and accounting fraud), it must be stipulated that the chairman can request disciplinary action from the ethics special committee. In addition, lawmakers who have been on overseas official business trips must ensure fairness and integrity by informing local residents and the National Assembly of the results report within a certain period of time through official events Fourth, as another measure, it is necessary for local councils to enact and operate regulations on overseas training for civil servants stipulated by rules or ordinances in order to ensure responsibility and integrity for overseas training for civil servants.
Anticancer Effects of Date Seed Oil- Loaded Niosomes and Gemcitabine Combination in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Alwattar Mayada , Shalan Naeem , Alaraj Mohd
Published: November 2023

Gemcitabine (GEM) is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic medications for treating various solid tumuors. Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system, self-assembled vesicular nanocarriers and composed of several surfactants and various lipids. Date seed Oil (DSO) contain a high percentage of phenolic and flavonoid compounds that making them important for food and pharmaceutical formulations. In this study, we prepared GEM loaded into anionic niosomes (GEM-niosomes) to target breast tumor cells. The niosomes were prepared with cholesterol (CHOL), span 60, date seed oil and chloroform using the thin film hydration method. GEM-niosomes were fully characterized for their physiochemical properties and evaluated for their cytotoxicity. The targeted niosomes were 100±10nm, the loaded niosomes were in the range of 125±15. GEM-fully loaded DSO-niosomes with drug entrapment percentage (EE%) 82% using high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were developed. The prepared targeted GEM-niosomes showed good stability over 4 weeks at -7ºC and better drug loading. Our targeted GEM-niosomes showed stronger activity against MCF-7 cell by approximately 10 folds compared with the free drug. Taken together, the combination of GEM and “DSO- loaded niosomes” may be of great importance for developing new treatments following in vivo investigations with breast cancer animal models. Future research should explore the in vitro and the in vivo cytotoxicity of this combination on more aggressive breast cancer ( BC).
Clinical manifestations of varicella zoster virus encephalitis in adults: A multifaceted presentation
Authors:   Xianyang Hospital of Yanan University, No. 38 Wenlin Road, Xianyang 712000, China, Chen Ping
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical features and outcomes of adult Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) encephalitis. The study analyzed the medical records, imaging results, electrophysiological findings, and prognosis of 9 patients diagnosed with VZV encephalitis.
Monostotic paget’s bone disease of the pelvis
Authors:   National Institute of Oncology, UHC Ibn Sina, Mohamed V University, rabat, Morocco, Benbrahim Fatima Zohra
Published: November 2023

Pagets disease is a metabolic disorder of the elderly characterized by an excessive bone resorption followed by an excessive and anarchic bone formation responsible for a bone remodeling. It is often asymptomatic of fortuitous discovery.
UHRF1: A diagnostic and prognostic marker of cancer
Authors:   Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan., Naseer Faiza
Published: November 2023

There are many members of the UHRF family including UHRF1, UHRF2, UHRF3, and UHRF4 having different functions. In this review, we mainly study the activity of UHRF1
Bald vulture appearence
Authors:   AIIT, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India., Wani Abdul Raouf
Published: November 2023

Mr. X, a 32 year old man (Figure 1) presented in clinic with breathlessness since 1 year despite being on a dual agent inhaler therapy and Ms. Y, a 68 year old lady (Figure 2) was received in emergency in a state of respiratory failure and was intubated
A case of complicated falciparum malaria from coming back from Myanmar-India border presenting with cerebral malaria, black water fever, acute kidney injury, metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia, severe anemia, thrombocytopenia and hepatitis having early parasitological failure on Day 14: Awareness on dihydroartemisinine-piperaquine combination therapy
Authors:   Department of Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Mingalardon 11021, Myanmar, Pyar Khin Phyu
Published: November 2023

A-39-year-old migrant worker coming back from Palatwa (Sagaing Division) and Myanmar-India border area (Rakhine State) developed cerebral malaria
How team work makes the dream work: Successful management of internal carotid artery lesion during routine Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)
Authors:   Universitary Hospital Universitario Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogota, Bogota, Colombia., Quintero Olga L
Published: November 2023

We present the case of a 60-year-old male patient with a history of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps grade III who suffered an injury to the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) during a scheduled Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS). After careful analysis of the case