bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New mercury-manganese stars and candidates from LAMOST DR4
Authors: Paunzen E. , Hümmerich S. , Bernhard K.
Published: October 2020

Aims.The present work presents our efforts at identifying new mercury-manganese (HgMn/CP3) stars using spectra obtained with the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST).

Methods.Suitable candidates were searched for among pre-selected early-type spectra from LAMOST DR4 using a modified version of the MKCLASS code that probes several Hg IIand Mn IIfeatures. The spectra of the resulting 332 candidates were visually inspected. Using parallax data and photometry fromGaiaDR2, we investigated magnitudes, distances from the Sun, and the evolutionary status of our sample stars. We also searched for variable stars using diverse photometric survey sources.

Results.We present 99 bona fide CP3 stars, 19 good CP3 star candidates, and seven candidates. Our sample consists of mostly new discoveries and contains, on average, the faintest CP3 stars known (peak distribution 9.5 ≤G≤ 13.5 mag). All stars are contained within the narrow spectral temperature-type range from B6 to B9.5, in excellent agreement with the expectations and the derived mass estimates (2.4 ≤M⊙≤ 4 for most objects). Our sample stars are between 100 Myr and 500 Myr old and cover the whole age range from zero-age to terminal-age main sequence. They are almost homogeneously distributed at fractional ages on the main sequence ≤80%, with an apparent accumulation of objects between fractional ages of 50% to 80%. We find a significant impact of binarity on the mass and age estimates. Eight photometric variables were discovered, most of which show monoperiodic variability in agreement with rotational modulation.

Conclusions.Together with the recently published catalogue of APOGEE CP3 stars, our work significantly increases the sample size of known Galactic CP3 stars, paving the way for future in-depth statistical studies.
The eROSITA X-ray telescope on SRG
Authors: Predehl P. , Andritschke R. , Arefiev V. , Babyshkin V. , Batanov O. , Becker W. , Böhringer H. , Bogomolov A. , Boller T. , Borm K. , Bornemann W. , Bräuninger H. , Brüggen M. , Brunner H. , Brusa M. , Bulbul E. , Buntov M. , Burwitz V. , Burkert W. , Clerc N. , Churazov E. , Coutinho D. , Dauser T. , Dennerl K. , Doroshenko V. , Eder J. , Emberger V. , Eraerds T. , Finoguenov A. , Freyberg M. , Friedrich P. , Friedrich S. , Fürmetz M. , Georgakakis A. , Gilfanov M. , Granato S. , Grossberger C. , Gueguen A. , Gureev P. , Haberl F. , Hälker O. , Hartner G. , Hasinger G. , Huber H. , Ji L. , Kienlin A. v. , Kink W. , Korotkov F. , Kreykenbohm I. , Lamer G. , Lomakin I. , Lapshov I. , Liu T. , Maitra C. , Meidinger N. , Menz B. , Merloni A. , Mernik T. , Mican B. , Mohr J. , Müller S. , Nandra K. , Nazarov V. , Pacaud F. , Pavlinsky M. , Perinati E. , Pfeffermann E. , Pietschner D. , Ramos-Ceja M. E. , Rau A. , Reiffers J. , Reiprich T. H. , Robrade J. , Salvato M. , Sanders J. , Santangelo A. , Sasaki M. , Scheuerle H. , Schmid C. , Schmitt J. , Schwope A. , Shirshakov A. , Steinmetz M. , Stewart I. , Strüder L. , Sunyaev R. , Tenzer C. , Tiedemann L. , Trümper J. , Voron V. , Weber P. , Wilms J. , Yaroshenko V.
Published: October 2020

eROSITA (extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array) is the primary instrument on the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) mission, which was successfully launched on July 13, 2019, from the Baikonour cosmodrome. After the commissioning of the instrument and a subsequent calibration and performance verification phase, eROSITA started a survey of the entire sky on December 13, 2019. By the end of 2023, eight complete scans of the celestial sphere will have been performed, each lasting six months. At the end of this program, the eROSITA all-sky survey in the soft X-ray band (0.2–2.3 keV) will be about 25 times more sensitive than the ROSAT All-Sky Survey, while in the hard band (2.3–8 keV) it will provide the first ever true imaging survey of the sky. The eROSITA design driving science is the detection of large samples of galaxy clusters up to redshiftsz> 1 in order to study the large-scale structure of the universe and test cosmological models including Dark Energy. In addition, eROSITA is expected to yield a sample of a few million AGNs, including obscured objects, revolutionizing our view of the evolution of supermassive black holes. The survey will also provide new insights into a wide range of astrophysical phenomena, including X-ray binaries, active stars, and diffuse emission within the Galaxy. Results from early observations, some of which are presented here, confirm that the performance of the instrument is able to fulfil its scientific promise. With this paper, we aim to give a concise description of the instrument, its performance as measured on ground, its operation in space, and also the first results from in-orbit measurements.
Étude expérimentale multi-échelle sur les écrans pare-blocs : comportement des ouvrages hors cadre ETAG27
Authors: Olmedo Ignacio , Chanut Marie-Aurélie , Douthe Cyril , Verdet Mathieu , Galandrin Clément , Dugelas Loic , Bertrand David
Published: October 2020

Dans le cadre du projet national C2ROP, une large campagne d’essais expérimentaux a été conduite. Des essais sous sollicitations quasi-statiques et dynamiques ont été réalisés sur les composants les plus critiques des écrans pare-blocs (filets, dissipateur d’énergie) et sur un ouvrage complet selon différentes configurations. Une dizaine d’essais d’impact a été réalisée sur un écran développé spécifiquement pour étudier expérimentalement le comportement de ce type d’ouvrage. Des méthodes d’acquisition de données spécifiques ont été mises en place, et une grande quantité de données a été recueillie puis exploitée. La force d’impact utile pour le dimensionnement des composants, le phasage de la déformation de l’ouvrage (de l’impact à l’arrêt du bloc), et la cinématique des dissipateurs d’énergie ont ainsi pu être étudiés. Des configurations d’impacts inhabituelles représentatives des conditions de sollicitation de l’ouvrage dans son contexte de mise en œuvre ont été réalisées et comparées aux configurations de certification prescrites par l’ETAG27. Des coefficients ont été proposés afin de quantifier l’endommagement de l’ouvrage par rapport à la configuration de certification en fonction du type d’impact. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence que la configuration définie par l’ETAG27 n’est pas nécessairement la configuration la plus défavorable.
Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Optimization of Propeller Based on Hanson Noise Model
Authors: Song Xiang , Yu Peixun , Bai Junqiang , Han Xiao , Peng Jiahui
Published: October 2020

Aiming at the multi-objective optimization design problem of propeller aerodynamics and noise, the three-dimensional geometric deformation of the whole blade is carried out by the free-form surface deformation method based on non-uniform rational B-spline. In order to save the calculation cost of optimization, the RANS method and the Hanson model are combined to predict pure tone noise, and the prediction accuracy is comparable to the accuracy of the FW-H equation coupled with URANS method. Kriging surrogate model and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm are used to search for optimal value, and a multi-objective optimization design framework for propeller aerodynamics and noise is established. This method is used to optimize the blade shape of a passenger airliner propeller, and the airfoil torsion angle and chord length of different positions are optimized as design variables. Compared with the basic blade, the noise value of the axial monitoring point near the cruise configuration under the wind tunnel experiment condition is reduced by about 0.25 dB at the same time as the power is reduced. In the case of a slight increase in power, the noise is reduced by about 1 dB.
Image Fusion of Infrared Weak-Small Target Based on Wavelet Transform and Feature Extraction
Authors: Wang Xiaozhu , Niu Saisai , Zhang Kai , Yin Jianfei , Yan Jie
Published: October 2020

The image details and contour information cannot be fully reflected for the current infrared single-band data. It is difficult for the weak-small target to resist background interference after imaging, so that the image produces a low ratio of signal-to-noise. Therefore, it is necessary to use the texture difference of different band data to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the image by using the complementary fusion method. Based on the above-mentioned, a fusion method based on wavelet transform and feature extraction is proposed. Firstly, the source images are multi-scale and two-dimensionally decomposed to obtain low-frequency information and high-frequency information. And that, the high-frequency information adopt the method of maximizing the absolute value, the low-frequency information adopt the method of weighted averaging, and reconstruct the image. Then, the infrared feature extraction method is used to obtain the medium wave and long wave feature images. Finally, the reconstructed image is contrast-modulated and refused with the medium-long wave infrared feature image. The fusion results are compared with a variety of fusion algorithms. The experimental results show that the algorithm can enhance the gray scale of weak-small targets in the image, which can identify the target well and solve the problem of weak target against background interference in infrared images.
Calculation on 2 cm ECRIT Thrust Regulation Based on 3D PIC Numerical Simulation Method
Authors: Hu Zhan , Yang Juan , Chen Maolin , Yu Daren , Zhu Ximing
Published: October 2020

Drag-free control is the key technology for space gravitational wave detection, which will be completed by miniature thruster. 2 cm Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Thruster (ECRIT) may be used for the drag-free control. Therefore, the 3D PIC method is used to estimate the thrust regulation of 2 cm ECRIT through simulating the property of ion extracting from the double-grid system. Through analyzing the thrust performance and grid focusing property under different grid apertures, the better grid structure is selected for the subsequent calculation. On this basis, the influence of grid voltage and the ion density on the performance of the thruster is analyzed. The result shows that reducing grid aperture can reduce the thrust, but it also affects the focusing property of the grid. Changing the ion density can adjust the thrust in a wide range. At given grid structure and ion density, there is a suitable grid accelerating voltage range to ensure the best ion focus characteristics. Considering the thrust performance and focusing characteristics, the grid structure with screen and accelerating grid aperture in 0.6 mm and 0.34 mm is selected. When the ion density is 1×1 017, 0.7×1 017, 0.4×1 017 and 0.2×1 017 m-3, the thrust can range from 5.05 to 141.44 μN through adjusting the grid accelerating voltage. This study can provide information for analyzing the possibility of the thruster application.
Research on Color Design and Evaluation Method of Cultural Creative Products Based on Color Harmony Theory
Authors: He Jintao , Chen Dengkai , Yu Suihuai
Published: October 2020

With the improvement of people's quality of life and the love for various national cultures, the conventional product color design created by industrial designers combining their own knowledge, experience and other individual knowledge is not enough to meet the aesthetic needs of consumers to obtain cultural attributes. Compared with conventional product color design, the effective communication of cultural images is the core of cultural creative product color design. In this paper, for the purpose of expressing multicultural images of color design of cultural creative products, we propose a coupling and correlation analysis method of color beauty and visual beauty, and study the mapping relationship between color beauty and visual beauty on color image based on least square regression analysis. The mapping relationship is used to obtain the key parameters that affect the dynamic changes of color images. Finally, a quantitative model of product color dynamic reconciliation is established, and a product color design and evaluation method based on cultural image constraints is proposed. Based on the above method research, the color design of the ultraviolet lamp is used as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Method Based on Discriminant Sample Selection
Authors: Wu Linlin , Peng Guohua , Yan Weidong
Published: October 2020

In order to solve the problem that low classification accuracy caused by the different distribution of training set and test set, an unsupervised domain adaptation method based on discriminant sample selection (DSS) is proposed. DSS projects the samples of different domains onto a same subspace to reduce the distribution discrepancy between the source domain and the target domain, and weights the source domain instances to make the samples more discriminant. Different from the previous method based on the probability density estimation of samples, DSS tries to obtain the sample weights by solving a quadratic programming problem, which avoids the distribution estimation of samples and can be applied to any fields without suffering from the dimensional trouble caused by high-dimensional density estimation. Finally, DSS congregates the same classes by minimizing the intra-class distance. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the classification accuracy and robustness.
A New Evolution Model for Weighted Directed Networks
Authors: Gao Qingyi , Li Mu
Published: October 2020

The most of the recent models of directed weighted network evolution capture the growth process based on two conventional assumptions: constant average degree assumption and slowly growing diameter assumption. Such evolution models cannot fully support and reflect the dense power law and diameter shrinkage in the process of evolution of real networks. In this paper, a new evolution model, called BBVd, is proposed for directed weighted networks by extending BBV model with the idea of the Forest Fire model. In BBVd, new directed edges are established with probabilities computed based on in/our-strength of nodes, with dynamical evolution of weights for local directed edges. The experimental result shows that the generated networks using BBVddisplay power-law behavior for the node strength distributions, and moreover, it satisfies the densification power laws and has shrinking diameter.
Le projet européen ESFR SMART, une étude prospective de réacteur sodium rapide pour le futur
Authors: Guidez Joël
Published: October 2020

En 1988, tandis que Superphénix fonctionnait, un nouveau projet européen de réacteur rapide sodium EFR (European Fast Reactor) démarra. Alors que l’arrêt de Superphénix allait interrompre ce projet de réacteur de 1500 MWe, un projet CP ESFR1 fut initié quelques années plus tard pour « toiletter » les options d’EFR et intégrer les évolutions techniques et de sûreté. C’est sur cette nouvelle base qu’un projet appelé ESFR SMART a démarré fin 2017.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der Gastroenterologie
Authors: Kather Jakob Nikolas , Krause Jeremias , Luedde Tom
Published: October 2020

Was ist neu?

Maschinelles Lernen und künstliche Intelligenz Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) verändert derzeit alle Bereiche unseres Lebens- und Arbeitsalltags. Die Welt der Medizin ist hiervon nicht ausgenommen. Eine Kernmethode der künstlichen Intelligenz – künstliche neuronale Netzwerke – ist besonders effektiv im Analysieren von Bilddaten. Dies beeinflusst auch die Gastroenterologie wesentlich.

Klinische Anwendungen Insbesondere endoskopische, radiologische und histologische Bilder können mittels künstlicher neuronaler Netzwerke automatisch analysiert werden. Einerseits können dadurch repetitive Tätigkeiten automatisiert werden, beispielsweise die Suche nach Polypen in der Screening-Koloskopie. Andererseits ermöglicht dies jedoch auch die Erkennung von subtilen Mustern in Bilddaten, welche als neuartige Biomarker für klinische Verläufe genutzt werden könnten.

Ausblick Das Angebot kommerzieller KI-Systeme wird in Zukunft deutlich zunehmen. Wichtig ist die Ausbildung interdisziplinärer Forscherinnen und Forscher, das Vorhandensein standardisierter Datenbanken und das frühzeitige Heranführen der Ärztinnen und Ärzte an die komplexen KI-Anwendungen.
Rheuma und Impfen
Authors: Kneitz Christian
Published: October 2020

Was ist neu?

Empfehlungen zur Impfung von Patienten mit rheumatologischen Erkrankungen Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen sind durch Infektionen besonders gefährdet. Impfungen sind geeignet, dieses Risiko zu vermindern. Aktuelle Empfehlungen nationaler (STIKO und Wagner et al.) sowie internationaler Gremien (EULAR) stellen eine Basis für die sichere und effektive Anwendung von Impfungen dar.

Wichtige neue Entwicklungen, wie die sequenzielle Impfung gegen Pneumokokken oder die Zulassung eines Impfstoffs gegen Herpes Zoster, verbessern die Möglichkeiten eines effektiven Infektionsschutzes. Besonders zu beachten sind die aktuellen Empfehlungen zur Anwendung von Lebendimpfstoffen wie der MMR-Impfung bei Patienten unter immunsuppressiver Therapie.
Raus aus dem Trott – Qualitätsmanagement in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Müller Annika
Published: October 2020

Zwei Jahre lang leitete Annika Müller die Genussgruppe in einer Tagesstätte für chronisch psychisch kranke Menschen. Mit der Zeit wuchs ihr Frust über das Angebot, über die ständig gleichen Themen, die geringe Vorbereitungszeit, denselben Trott. Dann entschied sie sich, die Genussgruppe einer Qualitätsprüfung zu unterziehen.
Low-Dose Aspirin is Safe and Effective for Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Patients Undergoing Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tang Alex , Zak Stephen G. , Waren Daniel , Iorio Richard , Slover James D. , Bosco Joseph A. , Schwarzkopf Ran
Published: October 2020

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) events are rare, but serious complications of total joint replacement affect patients and health care systems due to the morbidity, mortality, and associated cost of its complications. There is currently no established universal standard of care for prophylaxis against VTE in patients undergoing revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). The aim of this study was to determine whether a protocol of 81-mg aspirin (ASA) bis in die (BID) is safe and/or sufficient in preventing VTE in patients undergoing rTKAs versus 325-mg ASA BID. In 2017, our institution adopted a new protocol for VTE prophylaxis for arthroplasty patients. Patients initially received 325-mg ASA BID for 1 month and then changed to a lower dose of 81-mg BID. A retrospective review from 2011 to 2019 was conducted identifying 1,438 consecutive rTKA patients and 90-day postoperative outcomes including VTE, gastrointestinal, and wound bleeding complications, acute periprosthetic joint infection, and mortality. In the 74 months prior to protocol implementation, 1,003 rTKAs were performed and nine VTE cases were diagnosed (0.90%). After 26 months of the protocol change, 435 rTKAs were performed with one VTE case identified (0.23%). There was no significant difference in rates or odds in postoperative pulmonary embolism (PE; p = 0.27), DVT (p = 0.35), and total VTE rates (p = 0.16) among patients using either protocol. There were also no differences in bleeding complications (p = 0.15) or infection rate (p = 0.36). No mortalities were observed. In the conclusion, 81-mg ASA BID is noninferior to 325-mg ASA BID in maintaining low rates of VTE and may be safe for use in patients undergoing rTKA.
Cartilage and Meniscus Injuries Are More Common in Patients Undergoing Delayed Multiligament Reconstruction
Authors: Shamrock Alan G. , Hall James R. , Hajewski Christina J. , An Qiang , Duchman Kyle R.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to describe the pattern of meniscus and cartilage pathology in multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs) and determine the relationship between surgical timing and injury mechanism with degree of intra-articular injury. Patients with surgically treated MLKIs over a 15-year period were retrospectively reviewed and grouped based on surgical intervention, time to intervention, and injury mechanism. The presence or absence of meniscus and chondral injury were recorded at the time of surgery. Surgical intervention within 6 weeks of injury was deemed acute, while surgery occurring more than 6 weeks from injury was classified as delayed. Over the 15-year study period, 207 patients with MLKIs were identified. Compared with acutely managed patients, the delayed intervention group had significantly more meniscus (p = 0.03) and cartilage (p < 0.01) pathology. Meniscus injury rates in MLKIs sustained during sporting activity did not differ from nonsporting injuries (p = 0.63). However, the nonsporting group had significantly more chondral injuries (p < 0.01). High-energy injury mechanism was associated with increased cartilage (p = 0.02), but not meniscus (p = 0.61) injury rates. In conclusion, surgical reconstruction of MLKIs delayed for more than 6 weeks was associated with increased meniscus and cartilage pathology.
The importance of diversity on boards of directors’ effectiveness and its impact on innovativeness in the bioeconomy
Authors: Hakovirta Marko , Denuwara Navodya , Bharathi Sivashankari , Topping Peter , Eloranta Jorma
Published: October 2020

A company’s board of directors plays a critical role in making decisions relating to strategy, high-level structure, and the appointment of the CEO. The role of the board and its impact on corporate performance has been well studied; however, the diversity of the board of directors and the corresponding correlation to the level of corporate innovativeness has not been previously investigated. Here, we provide a critical analysis of board members’ diversity as it relates to innovative corporations in what is considered a mature industry in transition to a bioeconomy: the pulp and paper industry. Our findings contribute to the body of knowledge on the role of board member diversity in shaping company culture and how that drives, shapes, and sustains innovation.
On-chip integration of Si/SiGe-based quantum dots and switched-capacitor circuits
Authors: Xu Y. , Unseld F. K. , Corna A. , Zwerver A. M. J. , Sammak A. , Brousse D. , Samkharadze N. , Amitonov S. V. , Veldhorst M. , Scappucci G. , Ishihara R. , Vandersypen L. M. K.
Published: October 2020

Solid-state qubits integrated on semiconductor substrates currently require at least one wire from every qubit to the control electronics, leading to a so-called wiring bottleneck for scaling. Demultiplexing via on-chip circuitry offers an effective strategy to overcome this bottleneck. In the case of gate-defined quantum dot arrays, specific static voltages need to be applied to many gates simultaneously to realize electron confinement. When a charge-locking structure is placed between the quantum device and the demultiplexer, the voltage can be maintained locally. In this study, we implement a switched-capacitor circuit for charge-locking and use it to float the plunger gate of a single quantum dot. Parallel plate capacitors, transistors, and quantum dot devices are monolithically fabricated on a Si/SiGe-based substrate to avoid complex off-chip routing. We experimentally study the effects of the capacitor and transistor size on the voltage accuracy of the floating node. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the electrochemical potential of the quantum dot can follow a 100 Hz pulse signal while the dot is partially floating, which is essential for applying this strategy in qubit experiments.
Helicon plasma in a magnetic shuttle
Authors: Chang L. , Liu J. , Yuan X. G. , Yang X. , Zhou H. S. , Luo G. N. , Zhang X. J. , Peng Y. K. , Dai J. , Hang G. R.
Published: October 2020

The definition of a magnetic shuttle is introduced to describe the magnetic space enclosed by two magnetic mirrors with the same field direction and high mirror ratio. Helicon plasma immersed in such a magnetic shuttle (mirror ratio 5) that can provide the confinement of charged particles is modeled using an electromagnetic solver. The perpendicular structure of the wave field along this shuttle is given in terms of stream vector plots, showing a significant change from midplane to ending throats, and the vector field rotates and forms a circular layer that separates the plasma column radially into core and edge regions near the throats. The influences of the driving frequency (f = 6.78 MHz–40.68 MHz), plasma density (nemax = 1016 m−3 to 1019 m−3), and field strength (B0max = 0.017 T–1.7 T) on the wave field structure and power absorption are computed in detail. It is found that the wave energy and power absorption decrease for increased driving frequency and reduced field strength and increase significantly when the plasma density is above a certain value. The axial standing-wave feature always exists, due to the interference between forward and reflected waves from ending magnetic mirrors. Distributions of wave energy density and power absorption density all show a shrinking feature from midplane to ending throats, which is consistent with the nature of the helicon mode that propagates along field lines. Theoretical analysis based on a simple magnetic shuttle and the governing equation of helicon waves shows consistency with computed results and previous studies. This hypothetical work is a valuable to guide the helicon physics prototype experiment, which is designed for the fundamental wave–particle interaction study in helicon plasma, to achieve high plasma density and energy absorption efficiency.
Formula for energy conversion efficiency of thermoelectric generator taking temperature dependent thermoelectric parameters into account
Authors: Ishida Akihiro
Published: October 2020

A simple formula for maximum efficiency (ηmax) of heat conversion into electricity in a thermoelectric generator is derived and discussed in terms of a practical dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT)PR, taking temperature dependent Seebeck coefficient, resistivity, and thermal conductivity into account. Thomson heating that comes from the temperature dependent Seebeck coefficient (d|S|/dT > 0) reduces thermal conduction loss as well as Joule heating. On the other hand, Thomson cooling that occurs in the region d|S|/dT < 0 at a high-temperature side increases the thermal conduction loss. The conversion efficiency calculated from the formula is compared with simulated results for practical thermoelectric materials such as PbTe-based materials and Mg2Si, indicating a very good agreement.
Large magnetodielectric effect based on spin-dependent charge transfer in metal–insulator type Co-(BaF2) nanogranular films
Authors: Kijima-Aoki Hanae , Cao Yang , Kobayashi Nobukiyo , Takahashi Saburo , Ohnuma Shigehiro , Masumoto Hiroshi
Published: October 2020

Cobalt-metal-fluoride nanogranular films exhibit high electrical resistivity (ρ) and high permittivity (ɛ′) as well as high magnetic moments, making them potentially suitable for applications in low power magnetoelectronic devices at a high-frequency range. Here, we present the DC/AC magnetoelectric effect of high-ρ Cox-(BaF2)1 − x nanogranular films that are constituted of Co nanogranules of about 2 nm in diameter in an insulating BaF2 crystal. Under the application of magnetic field (H), we observed the ρ variations (Δρ/ρ0) of 2.0%–5.9% for x ranging 0.19–0.54 and the ɛ′ variations (Δɛ/ε0′) of 0.7%–6.0% for x ranging 0.19–0.42, respectively. These magnetically controllable ρ and ɛ′ are realized based on the spin-dependent quantum-mechanical charge transfer. The Cox-(BaF2)1 − x film for x = 0.42 possesses high ρ, while remaining in a notably high Δɛ/ε0′ of 6% at a megahertz frequency range. This study demonstrates a candidate of high-resistive magnetoelectric nanogranular films, which may bring prosperous applications in high-frequency magnetoelectric devices with low power consumption.
Extending nudged elastic band method to reaction pathways involving multiple spin states
Authors: Zhao Liming , Watanabe K-jiro , Nakatani Naoki , Nakayama Akira , Xu Xin , Hasegawa Jun-ya
Published: October 2020

There are diverse reactions including spin-state crossing, especially the reactions catalyzed by transition metal compounds. To figure out the mechanisms of such reactions, the discussion of minimum energy intersystem crossing (MEISC) points cannot be avoided. These points may be the bottleneck of the reaction or inversely accelerate the reactions by providing a better pathway. It is of great importance to reveal their role in the reactions by computationally locating the position of the MEISC points together with the reaction pathway. However, providing a proper initial guess for the structure of the MEISC point is not as easy as that of the transition state. In this work, we extended the nudged elastic band (NEB) method for multiple spin systems, which is named the multiple spin-state NEB method, and it is successfully applied to find the MEISC points while optimizing the reaction pathway. For more precisely locating the MEISC point, a revised approach was adopted. Meanwhile, our examples also suggest that special attention should be paid to the criterion to define an image optimized as the MEISC point.
Surface effects on temperature-driven spin crossover in Fe(phen)2(NCS)2
Authors: Zhang Yachao
Published: October 2020

Despite their importance in molecular spintronics, the surface effects on spin crossover (SCO) behaviors are still poorly understood. Here, we report the impact of substrates on thermal SCO in Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) deposited on metallic surfaces and monolayer two-dimensional materials. By first-principles calculations, we show that temperature-driven SCO is preserved on both hexagonal boron nitride and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), while low-spin ground states are locked on metal surfaces, including Cu(111), Ag(111), and Au(111). On the contrary, the molecule in contact with graphene exhibits a high-spin ground state. We demonstrate that the spin transition temperature Tc depends critically on surface environments, and we correlate this effect with the modification of electronic structures and molecular vibrations upon adsorption. In particular, a sulfur vacancy in MoS2 considerably increases Tc. These findings open a way to nanoscale applications related to spin state bistability.
Temporal and spatial activity of insectivorous bats in arid riparian woodland
Authors: Westerhuis Erin L. , Morton Stephen R. , Christian Keith A. , Schlesinger Christine A.
Published: October 2020

Insectivorous bats make a significant contribution to mammalian diversity in central Australia, with 12 known extant species; however, little is known about their habitat preferences and how these interact with temporal patterns in their abundance and activity. Although most species forage widely and in a variety of habitats, we expected that woodlands associated with ephemeral rivers would constitute high-value habitat for bats because they provide tree hollows, suitable structural habitat for foraging, and canopies rich in invertebrate biomass. The aim of this research was to establish whether riparian woodlands were a focus of bat activity and to identify patterns in habitat use and whether these changed through time. We investigated the activity of bats in riparian woodlands and neighbouring vegetation over 2 years. Bat activity was higher in riparian woodland than in nearby vegetation, and this difference was most significant during a hot and dry summer. At the species level, body size and foraging guild were important factors explaining differences in activity, with larger ‘open space’ species more active in riparian woodland than adjacent habitat. In contrast, we did not detect significant differences in the activity of smaller vespertilionid species between habitats. Coinciding with patterns in invertebrate activity, bat activity was highest in summer and lowest in winter. Within river channels, canopy cover was important in explaining patterns in bat activity. There was also a significant location effect, with bat activity in some river systems much higher than in others. We propose that this is related to both regional variability in rainfall and productivity, in addition to topography. Our findings demonstrate the importance of riparian woodlands to bats in an arid environment, particularly during low-resource periods, and suggest that bats may be affected by future climate changes and degradation from fire impacts.
Significance of Coriolis force on the dynamics of water conveying copper and copper oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Rehman Aziz Ur , Abbas Nadeem , Nadeem S , Saleem Anber
Published: October 2020

The worth of the study is to explore how in the presence of Coriolis force, heat and mass transfer rates are optimized through water carrying nanoparticles of more than one type and how this force affects various factors of the flow to make them easy come easy go. The aim of the current study is to analyze the vital characteristic of flow in particular velocity, temperature, concentration, heat flux at the surface, and tangential stress for both nanofluid CuO-water and hybrid nanofluid Cu/Cuo-water over a stretching surface in presence of Coriolis force. Partial differential equations for flow, energy, and concentration are constructed and transformed into ordinary differential equations by using suitable transformations. A highly reliable numerical scheme namely midpoint integration accompanied by Richardson’s extrapolation is launched to solve these equations. A computer softwareMAPLEis taken in to account to tackle the problem. Results are expressed through graphs and tables. The major conclusions are that the Coriolis force declines the velocity boundary and heat transmission rate but increases the thermal boundary of nanofluid. The heat sink/source factor uplifts the thermal boundary while Schmidt number enhances the mass concentration.
Saving resources and the climate? A systematic review of the circular economy and its mitigation potential
Authors: Cantzler Jasmin , Creutzig Felix , Ayargarnchanakul Eva , Javaid Aneeque , Wong Liwah , Haas Willi
Published: October 2020

To achieve the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement, transformative actions are needed. The circular economy (CE) is one concept that gained popularity in recent years, with its proclaimed selling point to combine economic development with benefits to businesses, society, and the environment. However, definitions of CE diverge, applications appear across vastly different settings, and overall there is a lack of understanding of how much CE strategies can contribute to climate change mitigation (mitigation). We systematically screened 3244 records in Web of Science and Scopus, restricted to papers in English. We then selected studies against pre-determined eligibility criteria that, had to (1) refer explicitly to CE or closely related concepts (e.g. performance economy, cradle-to-cradle, material or product efficiency); and (2) refer to a climate change mitigation potential. We identified 341 studies, summarized, and grouped into six sectors (industry, waste, energy, buildings, transport, and agriculture). These sectors are not completely mutually exclusive, but partially overlapping. Nonetheless, sectoral classifications relate to existing categorizations and map well with international assessments of climate change mitigations, such as those of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Our review sets out to summarize the results of the scientific literature on the extent to which CE strategies can contribute to mitigation. Even though our query explicitly required a consideration of climate change, only 10% of all studies contributed insights on how the CE can support mitigation. We find that the highest saving potential is evidenced in the industry, energy, and transport sector; mid-range savings in the waste and building sector; and lowest gains are to be expected in agriculture. The majority of studies investigate incremental measures claiming but not demonstrating climate change mitigation. Most studies indicate potential but implementation remains weak. Assessments should move from attributional to consequential analysis to avoid misleading policy makers.
Anti-radar application of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and zinc oxide synthesized using a hydrothermal method
Authors: Subagio Agus , Kholil Muhamad Abdul , Ristiawan Wahyu , Priyono Priyono
Published: October 2020

Anti-radar technology is essential to reinforce countries defense capacity. Previous studies have shown how the combination of a resistive material with a magnetic one is a good option for the development of radar absorbing materials. Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/ZnO material with MWCNT percentage variations of 1, 3, 5, and 7% has been proposed as a promising material in anti-radar technology. ZnO that is used in the synthesis of MWCNT/ZnO material resulting from a hydrothermal method was prepared using ZnSO4 and Na2CO3 as precursors. X-ray diffractograms show hexagonal phases for both MWCNT and ZnO, in the latter case hexagonal wurtzite. SEM analysis shows micrometer sheets for ZnO. The VNA test in the X-band frequency range (8 − 12.5 GHz) provides the reflection loss values. Based on the reflection loss value, MWCNT/ZnO material has an optimum absorption value of electromagnetic waves with a percentage of 3% MWCNT at a frequency of 11.2 GHz with an RL value of −31.4535 dB and a percentage of 7% MWCNT at a frequency of 11.2 GHz with an RL value of −25.3897 dB.
Acceleration of crystallisation rate in injection moulded PLLA by stereocomplex formation
Authors: Kassos Nikolaos , Kelly Adrian L , Gough Tim , Gill Andrew A
Published: October 2020

An experimental study has been performed to examine the crystallisation rate of poly(L)lactic acid (PLLA) blended with poly(D) lactic acid (PDLA) in order to reduce injection moulding cycle time. Optically pure PLLA was melt blended with up to 15wt% of its enantiomer PDLA in a twin screw extruder. Flow properties, melt strength and thermal properties of the blends were assessed. PLLA/PDLA blends were then injection moulded and allowed to crystallise using two different methods, either non-isothermally in a high temperature injection mould tool or isothermally by annealing moulded samples in a hot oven after conventional injection moulding. Mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the moulded samples were investigated and optical measurement of crystal formation using polarised light microscopy was performed at conditions representative of both crystallisation methods. Addition of PDLA was found to accelerate crystallisation rate by up to 80% and the resulting morphology demonstrated increased heat resistance, melt strength and stiffness, with a corresponding reduction in strain at break.
Domain-specific compilers for dynamic simulations of quantum materials on quantum computers
Authors: Bassman Oftelie Lindsay , Gulania Sahil , Powers Connor , Li Rongpeng , Linker Thomas , Liu Kuang , Satish Kumar T K , Kalia Rajiv K , Nakano Aiichiro , Vashishta Priya
Published: October 2020

Simulation of the dynamics of quantum materials is emerging as a promising scientific application for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers. Due to their high gate-error rates and short decoherence times, however, NISQ computers can only produce high-fidelity results for those quantum circuits smaller than some given circuit size. Dynamic simulations, therefore, pose a challenge as current algorithms produce circuits that grow in size with each subsequent time-step of the simulation. This underscores the crucial role of quantum circuit compilers to produce executable quantum circuits of minimal size, thereby maximizing the range of physical phenomena that can be studied within the NISQ fidelity budget. Here, we present two domain-specific (DS) quantum circuit compilers for the Rigetti and IBM quantum computers, specifically designed to compile circuits simulating dynamics under a special class of time-dependent Hamiltonians. The compilers outperform state-of-the-art general-purpose compilers in terms of circuit size reduction by around 25%–30% as well as wall-clock compilation time by around 40% (dependent on system size and simulation time-step). Drawing on heuristic techniques commonly used in artificial intelligence, both compilers scale well with simulation time-step and system size. Code for both compilers is open-source and packaged into a full-stack quantum simulation software with tutorials included for ease of use for future researchers wishing to perform dynamic simulations of quantum materials on quantum computers. As our DS compilers provide significant improvements in both compilation time and simulation fidelity, they provide a building block for accelerating progress toward physical quantum supremacy.
Phase separation and scaling in correlation structures of financial markets
Authors: Chakraborti Anirban , Hrishidev  , Sharma Kiran , Pharasi Hirdesh K
Published: October 2020

Financial markets, being spectacular examples of complex systems, display rich correlation structures among price returns of different assets. The correlation structures change drastically, akin to critical phenomena in physics, as do the influential stocks (leaders) and sectors (communities), during market events like crashes. It is crucial to detect their signatures for timely intervention or prevention. Here we use eigenvalue decomposition and eigen-entropy, computed from eigenvector centralities of different stocks in the cross-correlation matrix, to extract information about the disorder in the market. We construct a ‘phase space’, where different market events (bubbles, crashes, etc) undergo phase separation and display order–disorder movements. An entropy functional exhibits scaling behavior. We propose a generic indicator that facilitates the continuous monitoring of the internal structure of the market—important for managing risk and stress-testing the financial system. Our methodology would help in understanding and foreseeing tipping points or fluctuation patterns in complex systems.
Root morphophysiology changes during the habitat transition from soil to canopy of the aroid vine Rhodospatha oblongata
Authors: Liz Filartiga Arinawa , Mantuano Dulce , Vieira Ricardo Cardoso , De Toni Karen Lucia Gama , Vasques Gustavo M , Mantovani André
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims

The aroid vine Rhodospatha oblongata is characterized by a habitat change from terrestrial to canopy, relying on aerial roots at maturity to obtain water and nutrients from the forest soil. We hypothesize that morphophysiological acclimation occurs in roots as they grow under atmospheric conditions. These changes would guarantee the whole-plant survival of aroid vines in the new and potentially stressful habitat of the canopy.

Methods

Terrestrial and aerial roots were compared on a morphophysiological basis. Root anatomy, water balance, water absorption capacity via fluorescent tracer, and photochemical activity via chlorophyll fluorescence were measured.

Key Results

While thin fasciculate roots occur on terrestrial crawling individuals, two clearly distinct aerial roots (anchor and feeder) are produced on canopy individuals, which both adhere to the host trunk. The colour of both aerial roots changes during development from red and brownish to striped and green at maturity. Colour changes are induced by the replacement of epidermis, exodermis and outer cortex by an inner layer of lignified cork on the root region exposed to the atmosphere. In the root region that is in contact with the host, covering substitutions do not occur and both exodermis and lignified cork, along with several epidermal hairs, appear. Water retention capacity was higher in green roots than in other root types. Rehydration capacity via water absorption by hairs of aerial roots was confirmed by fluorescence. Chlorophyll fluorescence data indicated low levels of photosynthetic capacity in aerial roots.

Conclusions

Plants should evolve strategies to survive stress situations. The transition from soil to canopy imposes abiotic changes and potentially stressful situations on R. oblongata. We conclude that the morphophysiological changes observed represent an important strategy that permits the maintenance of aroid roots and the survival of R. oblongata in the canopy.
Exploring subclass-specific therapeutic agents for hepatocellular carcinoma by informatics-guided drug screen
Authors: Yang Chen , Chen Junfei , Li Yan , Huang Xiaowen , Liu Zhicheng , Wang Jun , Jiang Hua , Qin Wenxin , Lv Yuanyuan , Wang Hui , Wang Cun
Published: October 2020

Almost all currently approved systemic therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) failed to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effect. Exploring tailored treatment strategies for different individuals provides an approach with the potential to maximize clinical benefit. Previously, multiple studies have reported that hepatoma cell lines belonging to different molecular subtypes respond differently to the same treatment. However, these studies only focused on a small number of typical chemotherapy or targeted drugs across limited cell lines due to time and cost constraints. To compensate for the deficiency of previous experimental researches as well as link molecular classification with therapeutic response, we conducted a comprehensive in silico screening, comprising nearly 2000 compounds, to identify compounds with subclass-specific efficacy. Here, we first identified two transcriptome-based HCC subclasses (AS1 and AS2) and then made comparison of drug response between two subclasses. As a result, we not only found that some agents previously considered to have low efficacy in HCC treatment might have promising therapeutic effects for certain subclass, but also identified novel therapeutic compounds that were not routinely used as anti-tumor drugs in clinic. Discovery of agents with subclass-specific efficacy has potential in changing the status quo of population-based therapies in HCC and providing new insights into precision oncology.
A Siamese neural network model for the prioritization of metabolic disorders by integrating real and simulated data
Authors: Messa Gian Marco , Napolitano Francesco , Elsea Sarah H. , di Bernardo Diego , Gao Xin
Published: October 2020

Motivation

Untargeted metabolomic approaches hold a great promise as a diagnostic tool for inborn errors of metabolisms (IEMs) in the near future. However, the complexity of the involved data makes its application difficult and time consuming. Computational approaches, such as metabolic network simulations and machine learning, could significantly help to exploit metabolomic data to aid the diagnostic process. While the former suffers from limited predictive accuracy, the latter is normally able to generalize only to IEMs for which sufficient data are available. Here, we propose a hybrid approach that exploits the best of both worlds by building a mapping between simulated and real metabolic data through a novel method based on Siamese neural networks (SNN).

Results

The proposed SNN model is able to perform disease prioritization for the metabolic profiles of IEM patients even for diseases that it was not trained to identify. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been attempted before. The developed model is able to significantly outperform a baseline model that relies on metabolic simulations only. The prioritization performances demonstrate the feasibility of the method, suggesting that the integration of metabolic models and data could significantly aid the IEM diagnosis process in the near future.

Availability and implementation

Metabolic datasets used in this study are publicly available from the cited sources. The original data produced in this study, including the trained models and the simulated metabolic profiles, are also publicly available (Messa et al., 2020).