bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphologically Diverse Micro- and Macrostructures Created via Solvent Evaporation-Induced Assembly of Fluorescent Spherical Particles in the Presence of Polyethylene Glycol Derivatives
Authors: Han Mina , Abe Ikue , Matsuura Kazunori , Takeoka Yukikazu , Seki Takahiro
Published: July 2021

The creation of fluorescent micro- and macrostructures with the desired morphologies and sizes is of considerable importance due to their intrinsic functions and performance. However, it is still challenging to modulate the morphology of fluorescent organic materials and to obtain insight into the factors governing the morphological evolution. We present a facile bottom-up approach to constructing diverse micro- and macrostructures by connecting fluorescent spherical particles (SPs), which are generated via the spherical assembly of photoisomerizable azobenzene-based propeller-shaped chromophores, only with the help of commercially available polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives. Without any extra additives, solvent evaporation created a slow morphological evolution of the SPs from short linear chains (with a length of a few micrometers) to larger, interconnected networks and sheet structures (ranging from tens to >100 µm) at the air–liquid interface. Their morphologies and sizes were significantly dependent on the fraction and length of the PEG. Our experimental results suggest that noncovalent interactions (such as hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonding) between the amphiphilic PEG chains and the relatively hydrophobic SPs were weak in aqueous solutions, but play a crucial role in creating the morphologically diverse micro- and macrostructures. Moreover, short-term irradiation with visible light caused fast morphological crumpling and fluorescence switching of the obtained structures.
Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021
Authors: Djuricic Ivana , Calder Philip C.
Published: July 2021

Oxidative stress and inflammation have been recognized as important contributors to the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may regulate the antioxidant signaling pathway and modulate inflammatory processes. They also influence hepatic lipid metabolism and physiological responses of other organs, including the heart. Longitudinal prospective cohort studies demonstrate that there is an association between moderate intake of the omega-6 PUFA linoleic acid and lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), most likely as a result of lower blood cholesterol concentration. Current evidence suggests that increasing intake of arachidonic acid (up to 1500 mg/day) has no adverse effect on platelet aggregation and blood clotting, immune function and markers of inflammation, but may benefit muscle and cognitive performance. Many studies show that higher intakes of omega-3 PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are associated with a lower incidence of chronic diseases characterized by elevated inflammation, including CVDs. This is because of the multiple molecular and cellular actions of EPA and DHA. Intervention trials using EPA + DHA indicate benefit on CVD mortality and a significant inverse linear dose–response relationship has been found between EPA + DHA intake and CVD outcomes. In addition to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles, omega-3 fatty acids are considered to regulate platelet homeostasis and lower risk of thrombosis, which together indicate their potential use in COVID-19 therapy.
Eating Dinner Early Improves 24-h Blood Glucose Levels and Boosts Lipid Metabolism after Breakfast the Next Day: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial
Authors: Nakamura Kaho , Tajiri Eri , Hatamoto Yoichi , Ando Takafumi , Shimoda Seiya , Yoshimura Eiichi
Published: July 2021

Aim: To examine whether mild early time-restricted eating (eating dinner at 18:00 vs. at 21:00) improves 24-h blood glucose levels and postprandial lipid metabolism in healthy adults. Methods: Twelve participants (2 males and 10 females) were included in the study. In this 3-day (until the morning of day 3) randomized crossover study, two different conditions were tested: eating a late dinner (at 21:00) or an early dinner (at 18:00). During the experimental period, blood glucose levels were evaluated by each participant wearing a continuous blood glucose measuring device. Metabolic measurements were performed using the indirect calorimetry method on the morning of day 3. The study was conducted over three days; day 1 was excluded from the analysis to adjust for the effects of the previous day’s meal, and only data from the mornings of days 2 and 3 were used for the analysis. Results: Significant differences were observed in mean 24-h blood glucose levels on day 2 between the two groups (p = 0.034). There was a significant decrease in the postprandial respiratory quotient 30 min and 60 min after breakfast on day 3 in the early dinner group compared with the late dinner group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Despite a difference of only 3 h, eating dinner early (at 18:00) has a positive effect on blood glucose level fluctuation and substrate oxidation compared with eating dinner late (at 21:00).
Investigating the Relationship between Vitamin D and Persistent Symptoms Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Townsend Liam , Dyer Adam H. , McCluskey Patrick , O’Brien Kate , Dowds Joanne , Laird Eamon , Bannan Ciaran , Bourke Nollaig M. , Ní Cheallaigh Cliona , Byrne Declan G. , Kenny Rose Anne
Published: July 2021

The emergence of persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as long COVID, is providing a new challenge to healthcare systems. The cardinal features are fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance. Vitamin D is known to have pleotropic effects far beyond bone health and is associated with immune modulation and autoimmunity. We hypothesize that vitamin D levels are associated with persistent symptoms following COVID-19. Herein, we investigate the relationship between vitamin D and fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance, assessed by the Chalder Fatigue Score, six-minute walk test and modified Borg scale. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationships. A total of 149 patients were recruited at a median of 79 days after COVID-19 illness. The median vitamin D level was 62 nmol/L, with n = 36 (24%) having levels 30–49 nmol/L and n = 14 (9%) with levels <30 nmol/L. Fatigue was common, with n = 86 (58%) meeting the case definition. The median Borg score was 3, while the median distance covered for the walk test was 450 m. No relationship between vitamin D and the measures of ongoing ill-health assessed in the study was found following multivariable regression analysis. These results suggest that persistent fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance following COVID-19 are independent of vitamin D.
The Insight into Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Insulin-Like Growth-Factor-Binding Proteins and Metabolic Profile in Pediatric Obesity
Authors: Czogała Wojciech , Strojny Wojciech , Tomasik Przemysław , Multanowski Mirosław Bik , Wójcik Małgorzata , Miklusiak Klaudia , Krzysztofik Emil , Wróbel Albert , Miklusiak Karol , Skoczeń Szymon
Published: July 2021

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin-like growth-factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) regulate cell proliferation and differentiation and may be of importance in obesity development. The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of chosen IGF-axis genes and the concentration of their protein products in 28 obese children (OB) and 34 healthy control (HC), and their correlation with essential parameters associated with childhood obesity. The gene expression of IGFBP7 was higher, and the expression of IGF2 and IGFBP1 genes was lower in the OB. The expression of IGFBP6 tended to be lower in OB. IGFBP4 concentration was significantly higher, and IGFBP3 tended to be higher in the OB compared to the HC, while IGFBP1, IGFBP2, and IGFBP6 were significantly lower, and IGFBP7 tended to be lower in OB. We found numerous correlations between IGFs and IGFBP concentration and obesity metabolic parameters. IGFBP6 correlated positively with apelin, cholecystokinin, glucagone-like peptide-1, and leptin receptor. These peptides were also significantly lower in obese children in our study. The biological role of decreased levels of IGFBP6 in obese children needs further investigation.
The Playing Brain. The Impact of Video Games on Cognition and Behavior in Pediatric Age at the Time of Lockdown: A Systematic Review
Authors: Smirni Daniela , Garufo Elide , Di Falco Luca , Lavanco Gioacchino
Published: July 2021

A growing number of children and adolescents play video games (VGs) for long amounts of time. The current outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic has significantly reduced outdoor activities and direct interpersonal relationships. Therefore, a higher use of VGs can become the response to stress and fear of illness. VGs and their practical, academic, vocational and educational implications have become an issue of increasing interest for scholars, parents, teachers, pediatricians and youth public policy makers. The current systematic review aims to identify, in recent literature, the most relevant problems of the complex issue of playing VGs in children and adolescents in order to provide suggestions for the correct management of VG practice. The method used searches through standardized search operators using keywords related to video games and the link with cognition, cognitive control and behaviors adopted during the pandemic. Ninety-nine studies were reviewed and included, whereas twelve studies were excluded because they were educationally irrelevant. Any debate on the effectiveness of VGs cannot refer to a dichotomous approach, according to which VGs are rigidly ‘good’ or ‘bad’. VGs should be approached in terms of complexity and differentiated by multiple dimensions interacting with each other.
Comprehensive Analysis of Chemotherapeutic Agents That Induce Infectious Neutropenia
Authors: Okunaka Mashiro , Kano Daisuke , Matsui Reiko , Kawasaki Toshikatsu , Uesawa Yoshihiro
Published: July 2021

Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) has been associated with a risk of infections and chemotherapy dose reductions and delays. The chemotherapy regimen remains one of the primary determinants of the risk of neutropenia, with some regimens being more myelotoxic than others. Although a number of clinical trials have currently highlighted the risk of CIN with each chemotherapy regimen, only a few ones have comprehensively examined the risk associated with all chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk factors and characteristics of CIN caused by each neoplastic agent using data from the large voluntary reporting Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database. Initially, univariate analysis showed that an age ≥ 65 years, the female sex, and treatment with chemotherapeutic agents were factors that caused CIN. Then, cluster and component analyses showed that cytotoxic agents (i.e., alkylating agents, antimetabolic agents, antineoplastic antibiotics, platinating agents, and plant-derived alkaloids) were associated with infection following neutropenia. This comprehensive analysis comparing CIN risk suggests that elderly or underweight patients treated with cytotoxic drugs require particularly careful monitoring.
Polyacrylate-GnRH Peptide Conjugate as an Oral Contraceptive Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Faruck Mohammad O. , Koirala Prashamsa , Yang Jieru , D’Occhio Michael J. , Skwarczynski Mariusz , Toth Istvan
Published: July 2021

Contraceptive vaccines are designed to elicit immune responses against major components of animal reproductive systems. These vaccines, which are most commonly administered via injection, typically target gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). However, the need to restrain animals for treatment limits the field applications of injectable vaccines. Oral administration would broaden vaccine applicability. We explored contraceptive vaccine candidates composed of GnRH peptide hormone, universal T helper PADRE (P), and a poly(methylacrylate) (PMA)-based delivery system. When self-assembled into nanoparticles, PMA-P-GnRH induced the production of high IgG titers after subcutaneous and oral administration in mice. PADRE was then replaced with pig T helper derived from the swine flu virus, and the vaccine was tested in pigs. High levels of systemic antibodies were produced in pigs after both injection and oral administration of the vaccine. In conclusion, we developed a simple peptide–polymer conjugate that shows promise as an effective, adjuvant-free, oral GnRH-based contraceptive vaccine.
Schisandrol A Exhibits Estrogenic Activity via Estrogen Receptor α-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Lee Dahae , Kim Young-Mi , Chin Young-Won , Kang Ki Sung
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the estrogen-like effects of gentiopicroside, macelignan, γ-mangostin, and three lignans (schisandrol A, schisandrol B, and schisandrin C), and their possible mechanism of action. Their effects on the proliferation of the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were evaluated using Ez-Cytox reagents. The expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, and estrogen receptor α (ERα) was measured by performing Western blot analysis. 17β-estradiol (E2), also known as estradiol, is an estrogen steroid and was used as a positive control. ICI 182,780 (ICI), an ER antagonist, was used to block the ER function. Our results showed that, except for gentiopicroside, all the compounds promoted proliferation of MCF-7 cells, with schisandrol A being the most effective; this effect was better than that of E2 and was mitigated by ICI. Consistently, the expression of ERK, PI3K, AKT, and ERα increased following treatment with schisandrol A; this effect was slightly better than that of E2 and was mitigated by ICI. Taken together, the ERα induction via the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways may be a potential mechanism underlying the estrogen-like effects of schisandrol A. This study provides an experimental basis for the application of schisandrol A as a phytoestrogen for the prevention of menopausal symptoms.
Focused Ultrasound Combined with Microbubbles in Central Nervous System Applications
Authors: Chen Ko-Ting , Wei Kuo-Chen , Liu Hao-Li
Published: July 2021

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS) from invasive pathogens and maintains the homeostasis of the brain. Penetrating the BBB has been a major challenge in the delivery of therapeutic agents for treating CNS diseases. Through a physical acoustic cavitation effect, focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with microbubbles achieves the local detachment of tight junctions of capillary endothelial cells without inducing neuronal damage. The bioavailability of therapeutic agents is increased only in the area targeted by FUS energy. FUS with circulating microbubbles is currently the only method for inducing precise, transient, reversible, and noninvasive BBB opening (BBBO). Over the past decade, FUS-induced BBBO (FUS-BBBO) has been preclinically confirmed to not only enhance the penetration of therapeutic agents in the CNS, but also modulate focal immunity and neuronal activity. Several recent clinical human trials have demonstrated both the feasibility and potential advantages of using FUS-BBBO in diseased patients. The promising results support adding FUS-BBBO as a multimodal therapeutic strategy in modern CNS disease management. This review article explores this technology by describing its physical mechanisms and the preclinical findings, including biological effects, therapeutic concepts, and translational design of human medical devices, and summarizes completed and ongoing clinical trials.
Silicone Rubber Composites Reinforced by Carbon Nanofillers and Their Hybrids for Various Applications: A Review
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Alam Md Najib , Manikkavel Amutheesan , Song Minseok , Lee Dong-Joo , Park Sang-Shin
Published: July 2021

Without fillers, rubber types such as silicone rubber exhibit poor mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Carbon black (CB) is traditionally used as a filler in the rubber matrix to improve its properties, but a high content (nearly 60 per hundred parts of rubber (phr)) is required. However, this high content of CB often alters the viscoelastic properties of the rubber composite. Thus, nowadays, nanofillers such as graphene (GE) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used, which provide significant improvements to the properties of composites at as low as 2–3 phr. Nanofillers are classified as those fillers consisting of at least one dimension below 100 nanometers (nm). In the present review paper, nanofillers based on carbon nanomaterials such as GE, CNT, and CB are explored in terms of how they improve the properties of rubber composites. These nanofillers can significantly improve the properties of silicone rubber (SR) nanocomposites and have been useful for a wide range of applications, such as strain sensing. Therefore, carbon-nanofiller-reinforced SRs are reviewed here, along with advancements in this research area. The microstructures, defect densities, and crystal structures of different carbon nanofillers for SR nanocomposites are characterized, and their processing and dispersion are described. The dispersion of the rubber composites was reported through atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of these nanofillers on the mechanical (compressive modulus, tensile strength, fracture strain, Young’s modulus, glass transition), thermal (thermal conductivity), and electrical properties (electrical conductivity) of SR nanocomposites is also discussed. Finally, the application of the improved SR nanocomposites as strain sensors according to their filler structure and concentration is discussed. This detailed review clearly shows the dependency of SR nanocomposite properties on the characteristics of the carbon nanofillers.
A Critical Review for Synergic Kinetics and Strategies for Enhanced Photopolymerizations for 3D-Printing and Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng , Lalevee Jacques , Cheng Da-Chun
Published: July 2021

The synergic features and enhancing strategies for various photopolymerization systems are reviewed by kinetic schemes and the associated measurements. The important topics include (i) photo crosslinking of corneas for the treatment of corneal diseases using UVA-light (365 nm) light and riboflavin as the photosensitizer; (ii) synergic effects by a dual-function enhancer in a three-initiator system; (iii) synergic effects by a three-initiator C/B/A system, with electron-transfer and oxygen-mediated energy-transfer pathways; (iv) copper-complex (G1) photoredox catalyst in G1/Iod/NVK systems for free radical (FRP) and cationic photopolymerization (CP); (v) radical-mediated thiol-ene (TE) photopolymerizations; (vi) superbase photogenerator based-catalyzed thiol−acrylate Michael (TM) addition reaction; and the combined system of TE and TM using dual wavelength; (vii) dual-wavelength (UV and blue) controlled photopolymerization confinement (PC); (viii) dual-wavelength (UV and red) selectively controlled 3D printing; and (ix) three-wavelength selectively controlled in 3D printing and additive manufacturing (AM). With minimum mathematics, we present (for the first time) the synergic features and enhancing strategies for various systems of multi-components, initiators, monomers, and under one-, two-, and three-wavelength light. Therefore, this review provides not only the bridging between modeling and measurements, but also guidance for further experimental studies and new applications in 3D printings and additive manufacturing (AM), based on the innovative concepts (kinetics/schemes).
Features of Index-Ring Finger Pair’s Force Contribution in Multi-Finger Force-Following Tasks
Authors: Luo Shijian , Shu Ge
Published: July 2021

New types of cylindrical handles such as pushrims with force signal sensors under four fingers (excluding the thumb) enable real-time gripping-status assessment. The mirrored change phenomenon of the index and ring fingers observed in linear grip tasks offers a new perspective on finger grouping. To evaluate the force contribution of index-ring finger pair in multi-finger force, 10 right-handed male participants with similar hand sizes were recruited to participate in sinusoidal function force-following tasks involving a cylindrical handle. The real-time signal of the grip force and individual finger force were recorded to analyze real-time changes in the finger force contribution (FC). Subsequently, the time-FC curves of individual and paired fingers were analyzed. Results show are as follows: (1) When the FC of the index-ring finger pair exceeded that of the middle-little finger pair, the gripping load was relatively low, and a smaller difference between the FCs of the index-ring finger pair and the middle-little finger pair indicated a smaller following error. (2) The FC of index-ring finger pair is a better (higher-linearity) parameter to assess gripping status. These findings show that the paired-finger FC is an adequate parameter for the gripping-status assessment.
Validation of a Sapphire Gas-Pressure Cell for Real-Time In Situ Neutron Diffraction Studies of Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Finger Raphael , Hansen Thomas C. , Kohlmann Holger
Published: July 2021

A gas-pressure cell, based on a leuco-sapphire single-crystal, serving as a pressure vessel and sample holder, is presented for real time in situ studies of solid-gas hydrogenation reactions. A stainless steel corpus, coated with neutron absorbing varnish, allows alignment for the single-crystal sample holder for minimizing contributions to the diffraction pattern. Openings in the corpus enable neutron scattering as well as contactless temperature surveillance and laser heating. The gas-pressure cell is validated via the deuteration of palladium powder, giving reliable neutron diffraction data at the high-intensity diffractometer D20 at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Grenoble, France. It was tested up to 15.0 MPa of hydrogen pressure at room temperature, 718 K at ambient pressure and 584 K at 9.5 MPa of hydrogen pressure.
Ayatollah Yusuf Sanei’s Contribution to the Discourse of Women’s Rights
Authors: Akbar Ali
Published: July 2021

Ayatollah Yusef Sanei was a prominent contemporary Shia scholar whose particular methodological approach led him to issue some of the most progressive Shia fatwas on the subject of women’s rights. However, the ideas he expressed in the last decades of his life have scarcely been addressed in the English language scholarship. This article explores Sanei’s broader jurisprudential approach and how he applied it to analyzing and often challenging traditional Shia rulings related to gender issues. The article first differentiates Sanei’s approach towards jurisprudence from established methodologies, particularly in relation to his consideration of the Sunna as secondary to the Qurʾān, his rejection of the practice of using consensus as an independent basis of legal rulings, his idea that Sharia rulings may change over time, and his strong emphasis on the Qurʾān’s messages of justice and human dignity. The article illuminates how this combination led Sanei to challenge traditional ideas about men’s authority over women, a fixed socio-political role for women, and men’s superiority in the areas of divorce rights, testimony and worth in blood money (dīya), while concurring with earlier scholars on the unequal division of inheritance. Notwithstanding this latter exception, the article demonstrates that Sanei drew upon jurisprudential approaches in arguing in favor of equality between men and women in many areas.
OFDI Entry Modes and Firms’ Innovation: Evidence from Chinese A-Share Listed Firms
Authors: Xiao Chunhuan , Zhuang Ziyin , Feng Amei
Published: July 2021

Innovation is crucial for firms’ sustainable development. However, the original motivation of innovation in China is insufficient and the key technology is controlled by other countries. Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) is an important strategic choice in emerging economies to seek overseas advantageous technical knowledge and to participate in global competition. With the further development of China’s “go global” strategy, OFDI flows have risen considerably. Whether OFDI can promote firms’ innovation levels and whether OFDI entry modes (greenfield investment and cross-border M&A) have the same impact are still major issues to be solved. Therefore, we constructed a mathematical model and adopted the propensity score matching double difference method to analyze the impact and mechanism of OFDI on firms’ innovation. The results show that OFDI has a significant effect on innovation quantity, quality, and efficiency, and it has not led to innovative strategic behavior. Further research shows that cross-border M&A has a stronger effect on innovation quality than greenfield investment, and both have a sustainable innovation effect. Over time, the gap between the impact of greenfield investment and cross-border M&A on innovation quality has gradually narrowed. From the perspective of mechanism, the two entry modes of OFDI are beneficial to firms’ access to government resources and to promote innovation quality, while government resources have a stronger mediating effect on cross-border M&A firms. This paper deepens the research on the influence mechanism of OFDI entry modes on firms’ innovation levels, while also providing theoretical and practical support for the selection of OFDI modes and innovation strategies for firms.
Huntingtin and Its Role in Mechanisms of RNA-Mediated Toxicity
Authors: Heinz Annika , Nabariya Deepti Kailash , Krauss Sybille
Published: July 2021

Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by a CAG-repeat expansion mutation in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. It is characterized by progressive psychiatric and neurological symptoms in combination with a progressive movement disorder. Despite the ubiquitous expression of HTT, pathological changes occur quite selectively in the central nervous system. Since the discovery of HD more than 150 years ago, a lot of research on molecular mechanisms contributing to neurotoxicity has remained the focal point. While traditionally, the protein encoded by the HTT gene remained the cynosure for researchers and was extensively reviewed elsewhere, several studies in the last few years clearly indicated the contribution of the mutant RNA transcript to cellular dysfunction as well. In this review, we outline recent studies on RNA-mediated molecular mechanisms that are linked to cellular dysfunction in HD models. These mechanisms include mis-splicing, aberrant translation, deregulation of the miRNA machinery, deregulated RNA transport and abnormal regulation of mitochondrial RNA. Furthermore, we summarize recent therapeutical approaches targeting the mutant HTT transcript. While currently available treatments are of a palliative nature only and do not halt the disease progression, recent clinical studies provide hope that these novel RNA-targeting strategies will lead to better therapeutic approaches.
Bacterial Type I Toxins: Folding and Membrane Interactions
Authors: Nonin-Lecomte Sylvie , Fermon Laurence , Felden Brice , Pinel-Marie Marie-Laure
Published: July 2021

Bacterial type I toxin-antitoxin systems are two-component genetic modules that encode a stable toxic protein whose ectopic overexpression can lead to growth arrest or cell death, and an unstable RNA antitoxin that inhibits toxin translation during growth. These systems are widely spread among bacterial species. Type I antitoxins are cis- or trans-encoded antisense small RNAs that interact with toxin-encoding mRNAs by pairing, thereby inhibiting toxin mRNA translation and/or inducing its degradation. Under environmental stress conditions, the up-regulation of the toxin and/or the antitoxin degradation by specific RNases promote toxin translation. Most type I toxins are small hydrophobic peptides with a predicted α-helical transmembrane domain that induces membrane depolarization and/or permeabilization followed by a decrease of intracellular ATP, leading to plasmid maintenance, growth adaptation to environmental stresses, or persister cell formation. In this review, we describe the current state of the art on the folding and the membrane interactions of these membrane-associated type I toxins from either Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria and establish a chronology of their toxic effects on the bacterial cell. This review also includes novel structural results obtained by NMR concerning the sprG1-encoded membrane peptides that belong to the sprG1/SprF1 type I TA system expressed in Staphylococcus aureus and discusses the putative membrane interactions allowing the lysis of competing bacteria and host cells.
A 1958 Isolate of Kedougou Virus (KEDV) from Ndumu, South Africa, Expands the Geographic and Temporal Range of KEDV in Africa
Authors: Jansen van Vuren Petrus , Parry Rhys , Khromykh Alexander A. , Paweska Janusz T.
Published: July 2021

The mosquito-borne flavivirus, Kedougou virus (KEDV), first isolated in Senegal in 1972, is genetically related to dengue, Zika (ZIKV) and Spondweni viruses (SPOV). Serological surveillance studies in Senegal and isolation of KEDV in the Central African Republic indicate occurrence of KEDV infections in humans, but to date, no disease has been reported. Here, we assembled the coding-complete genome of a 1958 isolate of KEDV from a pool of Aedes circumluteolus mosquitoes collected in Ndumu, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The AR1071 Ndumu KEDV isolate bears 80.51% pairwise nucleotide identity and 93.34% amino acid identity with the prototype DakAar-D1470 strain and was co-isolated with SPOV through intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice and passage on VeroE6 cells. This historical isolate expands the known geographic and temporal range of this relatively unknown flavivirus, aiding future temporal phylogenetic calibration and diagnostic assay refinement.
Sobre a Morte dos Perseguidores, de Lactâncio – Capítulos I a XIII: tradução e notas
Authors: Silva Diogo
Published: July 2021

Apresentamos uma nova tradução com notas indicativas para o português brasileiro dos capítulos I a XIII da obra conhecida como Sobre a Morte dos Perseguidores (De mortibus persecutorum), escrita pelo autor cristão norte-africano Lúcio Cecílio Firmiano Lactâncio, no início do século IV. Nesta primeira parte da obra, Lactâncio relata as perseguições sofridas pelos cristãos desde o imperador Nero até a publicação do primeiro Edito de Diocleciano, que iniciou a Grande Perseguição (303-311). Para este trabalho, nos baseamos no texto latino estabelecido por Jacques Moreau para a tradução em língua francesa editada para as Sources Chrétiennes (1954) cotejado com o texto do Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum (1897), editado por Samuel Brandt e Georg Laubmann.
Mehmed Nâzım Paşa’nın Oğlu Hikmet ve Torunu Nâzım’a Nasihatleri
Authors: DEMİR Hiclal
Published: July 2021

Klasik Türk edebiyatında önemli bir yeri olan nasihatnâmeler, içerdikleri dinî, tasavvufi, ahlaki öğütlerle toplumsal yaşamın düzenlenmesinde rol oynamışlardır. Yüzyıllar içinde pek çok örneği kaleme alınan nasihatnâmelerin evlada yazılmış olanları samimiyetleri ile dikkat çeker. İslamiyet’in ideal insan öngörüsüyle şekillenen öğütler, ebeveynin yaşam deneyimiyle birleşir ve evlada bir hayat rehberi olarak sunulur. Klasik edebiyatın evlada yazılmış son dönem nasihatnâmelerinden biri Mehmed Nâzım Paşa’ya aittir. Muhâtaba adlı eserinin üçüncü baskısına eklediği Hikmet, Nâzım başlıklı nasihatnâmede Mehmed Nâzım Paşa hem oğlu Hikmet’e hem de torunu Nâzım’a seslenmiştir. Mesnevi şeklinde yazılan eser “Ahlak”, “İlim”, “Söz”, “Vatan” ve “Vazife” başlıklarından oluşur. Bu makalede, 1328’de (1910/1911) yayımlanan eserde yer alan bu başlıklar içerik olarak incelenmiş ve klasik dönem nasihatnâmeleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Mehmed Nâzım Paşa’nın “Ahlak” ve “Söz” başlıklarında, genel olarak klasik dönem nasihatnâmelerindeki öğütlere yer verdiği görülür. Nasihatnâmelerde “ilim” ile kastedilen daha çok dinî ilim iken Mehmed Nâzım Paşa, fen bilimlerinin insanlığa katkılarından da söz etmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin yaşadığı askeri ve siyasi sorunlara uzak kalmayan şair, nasihatnâmesine “Vatan” ve “Vazife” başlıklarını da ekleyerek yenilik yapmıştır. Bu bölümlerde ülke toprağının düşmana karşı savunulması ve devlet görevlilerinin vazifelerini layığıyla yapmaları hususu vurgulanmıştır.
INTELLIGENT DISTRIBUTED DYNAMIC FOG COMPUTING FRAMEWORK
Authors: ВОЛКОВ А.Н.
Published: July 2021

Одним из направлений развития сетей связи 5G и сетей связи 2030 является интегрирование в сеть распределенных вычислительных структур, таких как системы пограничных и туманных вычислений (Fog), которые призваны выполнить децентрализацию вычислительной части сетей. В связи с этим необходимо исследовать и определить принципы предоставления услуг на основе распределенной вычислительной инфраструктуры, в том числе в условиях ограниченности ресурсов отдельно взятых составных частей (Fog-устройства). Предлагается новый фреймворк распределенной динамической вычислительной системы туманных вычислений на основе микросервисного архитектурного подхода к реализации, развертыванию и миграции программного обеспечения предоставляемых услуг. Исследуется типовая архитектура микросервисного подхода и ее имплементация в туманные вычисления, а также рассматриваются два алгоритма: алгоритм K-средних для нахождения центра пользовательской нагрузки и алгоритм роевой оптимизации для определения устройства тумана с необходимыми характеристиками для последующей миграции микросервиса.

One of the directions of 5G and 2030 communications networks development is the network-integrated distributed structures, such as edge computing (MEC) and Fog computing, which are designed to decentralize the computing part of networks. In this regard, it is necessary to investigate and determine the principles of providing services based on a distributed computing infrastructure, including in conditions of limited resources of individual components (Fog devices). This article proposes a new framework for a distributed dynamic computing system of fog computing based on a microservice architectural approach to the implementation, deployment, and software migration of the services. The article examines the typical architecture of the microservice approach and its implementation in fog computing, and also investigates two algorithms: K-means for finding the center of user load, swarm optimization (PSO) to determine the fog device with the necessary characteristics for the subsequent migration of the microservice.
TATALAKSANA KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN PUSKESMAS SUNGAI RAYA KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR
Authors: Zaman M.kamali
Published: July 2021

Upaya pelayanan kesehatan lingkungan dipuskesmas memerlukan persiapan komprehensif pada tatanan sumber daya petugas (pelaksana) serta sumber daya dana – sarana dan serta standar prosedur operasional. Untuk memperjelas lingkup penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Kesehatan Lingkungan di Puskesmas perlu diatur mengenai uraian kegiatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Lingkungan sebagai acuan bagi petugas Puskesmas dan masyarakat yang membutuhkan pelayanan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tatalaksana Program Kesehatan Lingkungan di Puskesmas Sungai Raya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan teknik analisis (in-depth analysis) dengan mengkaji komponen pelayanan kesehatan lingkungan puskesmas. Penelitian ini fokus pada pelayanan kesehata lingkungan, diamati di lapangan dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam, observasi, serta telaah dokumen. Informan dalam penelitian ini dipilih berdasarkan metode purposive sampling (non-probality) yaitu sesuai dengan prinsip kesesuaian (appropriateness) dan kecukupan (adequacy)
PENYEBAB DAN DAMPAK PERNIKAHAN DINI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KABUN KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU TAHUN 2019
Authors: Asjeti Nur , Elfindri Elfindri , Abidin Zainal , Yunita Jasrida , Wardani Sri
Published: July 2021

Abstrak

 Pernikahan dini pada remaja akan menimbulkan masalah baik secara kesehatan reproduksi, ekonomi dan KDRT. Dampak pernikahan pada usia muda lebih tampak nyata pada remaja putri dibandingkan remaja laki-laki. Data dari Kantor Kementrian Agama Kabupaten Rokan Hulu angka pernikahan dini usia di bawah 20 Tahun di Kecamatan Kabun sebanyak 49 orang (36,8%). Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui penyebab dan dampak pernikahan dini di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kabun Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah mixed methods. Sampel/informan utama 46 responden diambil secara total sampling, Informan pendukung bidan KIA  1 orang, kepala desa 6 orang, tokoh agama 6 orang. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan  menggunakan tringulasi sumber, metode dan data. Hasil penelitian kuantitatif menunjukkan 18 responden (39,1%) berpendidikan SMP, pengetahuan kurang 22 responden (47,8%), ekonomi orangtua kurang 22 responden (47,8%), melakukan seks pranikah 27 responden (58,7%). Tidak hamil diluar nikah 37 responden (80,4%). Hasil penelitian kualitatif, dampak pernikahan dini terdapat 3 kasus perdarahan, 7 kasus persalinan seksio caesar dan premature, 1 kasus abortus. Rata-rata Pekerjaan suami adalah buruh panen sawit dengan pendapatan sebulan Rp 1,5 juta- Rp 2,5 juta dan pendapatan yang diterima tidak cukup untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari. Mayoritas wanita (istri) tidak pernah mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangga baik secara fisik ataupun secara verbal. Saran Puskesmas  bekerjasama dengan lintas sektoral  seperti BKKBN, PKK dan tokoh masyarat untuk memberdayakan masyarakat tentang pernikahan dini dan mengaktifkan PIK KRR di sekolah untuk memberikan konseling tentang pernikahan dini dan sebagai konselor teman sebaya.  Kantor Urusan Agama dapat memfasilitasi pembentukan Kelompok Masyarakat Sadar Hukum yang dibina oleh berbagai pihak sektoral seperti kepolisian, tokoh masyarakat sehingga masyarakat mengerti bahwa KDRT merupakan tindakan pidana yang dapat jerat hukum.

 Kata kunci       :  Pernikahan dini, Penyebab, Dampak
WAWASAN IBU MENYUSUI TENTANG STUNTING DI WILAYAH KERJA UPT PUSKESMAS PENGALIHAN KECAMATAN ENOK KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR
Authors: Febrianita Yulia , Wulandini Putri
Published: July 2021

Stunting dapat diartikan suatu kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak balita akibat dari kekurangan gizi kronis sehingga anak menjadi terlalu pendek untuk usianya. Tidak terlaksananya inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD), gagalnya pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) eksklusif, dan proses penyapihan dini dapat menjadi salah satu faktor terjadinya stunting. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui wawasan ibu menyusui tentang stunting di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Pengalihan Kecamatan Enok Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu menyusui diwilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Pengalihan Enok sebanyak 102 orang. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 81 Ibu menyusui. Tehnik pengambilan samapel adalah dengan random sampel. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Data yang didapat diolah secara manual dan disajikan dalam bentuk table. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 41 responden (50,62%) memiliki wawasan kurang tentang stunting. Maka disimpulkan wawasan ibu menyusui di wilayah kerja UPT puskesmas penglihan enok kurang. Disarankan kepada masyarakat khususnya ibu menyusui hendaknya rajin mencari informasi baik dari media elektronik maupun dengan ikut kegiatan-kegiatan penyuluhan kesehatan.
EFEKTIVITAS PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN MELALUI AUDIO VISUAL TENTANG BULLYING TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP SISWA SMP NEGERI 38 PEKANBARU
Authors: Fransiska Irma , Yenita Riski Novera , Mianna Rika
Published: July 2021

Bullying merupakan perilaku agresif dan tindakan kekerasan yang disengaja oleh seseorang atau kelompok orang secara berulang-ulang dan dari waktu ke waktu dalam bentuk menyakiti orang lain baik secara verbal, fisik, psikologis dan media sosial sehingga korbannya tidak bisa mempertahankan diri yang mengakibatkan korban yang di bullying menjadi tertekan, trauma dan tak berdaya. Kasus bullying saat ini tidak hanya terjadi di masyarakat, tetapi juga sudah merambas ke dunia pendidikan salah satu nya di sekolah.  Penelitian ini berujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas pendidikan kesehatan melalui audio visual tentang bullying  terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap siswa di SMP Negeri 38 Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi experiment dengan menggunakan rancangan pretest-postest kontrol group design. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak masing-masing 21 responden pada kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner penelitian. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji T-Independent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media audio visual  tentang bullying efektiv  (p=0,000) terhadap tingkat  pengetahuan dan sikap antar kelompok, namun tidak efektiv untuk antar perlakuan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah media audio visual efektiv antar kelompok namun tidak efektiv untuk antar perlakuan terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap tentang bullying. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini menjadi bahan informasi bagi sekolah untuk lebih banyak memberikan informasi tentang bullying.
ANALISIS DAMPAK INTENSITAS PENCAHAYAAN RUANGAN FARMASI DENGAN KELUHAN KELELAHAN MATA PADA PEKERJA DI RUMAH SAKIT MESRA KABUPATEN KAMPAR TAHUN 2020
Authors: Extrada Erix , Muhamadiah Muhamadiah , Makomulamin Makomulamin , Efendi Ahmad Satria , Edigan Firman
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK

Pencahayaan merupakan jumlah penyinaran yang berada di suatu lingkungan kerja yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan perkerjan dengan baik. Berdasarkan observasi, intensitas pencahayaan ruangan farmasi di Rumah Sakit Mesra Kabupaten Kampar kurang terang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui intensitas pencahayaan ruangan farmasi dan dampak bagi pekerja di Rumah Sakit Mesra Kabupaten Kampar. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu Kualitatif Deskriptif. Dilakukan wawancara dan observasi kepada 5 informan. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Mesra Kecamatan Kampar pada bulan Mei-Juli 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencahayaan setempat di ruangan farmasi Rumah Sakit Mesra Kabupaten Kampar , pengukuran intensitas pencahayaan di ruangan farmasi dilakukan di meja kerja. Hasil pengukuran intensitas pencahayaan di ruangan farmasi menggunakan metode pencahayaan setempat diperoleh nilai 74,1 lux. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa pencahayaan yang ada di ruangan farmasi Rumah Sakit Mesra Kabupaten Kampar belum memenuhi standart dari Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2019 tentang Kesehatan Lingkungan Rumah Sakit. Pencahayaan yang kurang terang mengakibatkan terjadinya keluhan kelelahan mata pada pekerja, Adapun keluhan kelelahan mata yang dialami pekerja berupa pedih disekitar mata, pusing, mengantuk dan nyeri disekitar mata.

Daftar Pustaka             : 27 (2004-2019)

Kata Kunci                  : Intensitas, Lux , Pencahayaan Setempat, Kelelahan Mata
PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT SAAT PANDEMIK COVID-19 DI DESA SUNGAI RAYA
Authors: Alamsyah Agus , Ikhtiaruddin Ikhtiaruddin , Muhamadiah Muhamadiah , Priwahyuni Yuyun , Gloria Purba Christine Vita
Published: July 2021

Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) adalah semua perilaku kesehatan yang dilakukan atas kesadaran sehingga anggota keluarga atau keluarga dapat menolong dirinya sendiri di bidang kesehatan dan dapat berperan aktif dalam kegiatan – kegiatan kesehatan dan berperanaktif dalam kegiatan–kegiatan kesehatan di masyarakat. Desa Sungai Raya terdiri 347 rumah tangga yang semuanya memiliki karakteristik dan permasalahan kesehatan yang berbeda. Di Desa Sungai  Raya belum pernah dilakukan survei mengenai PHBS pada tatanan Rumah Tangga terutama pada saat pandemic Covid-19, sehingga belum diketahui bagaimana pelaksanaan PHBS nya. Tujuan penelitian ingin mengtahui gambaran pelaksanaan PHBS pada tatanan masyarakat pada saat COVID-19 di Desa Sungai Raya Kecamatan Batang Tuaku Tahun 2020. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif. Populasi dalam PHBS ini adalah seluruh rumah tangga yang ada yaitu sebanyak 347 rumah tangga. Sampel berjumlah 90 Kepala Keluarga yang diambil secara proportional random sampling. Analisis menggunakan univariat menggunakan software dan komputerisasi. Hasil penelitian yaitu Indikator PHBS di Desa Sungai Raya belum mencapai target yang di tetapkan oleh Kemenkes yaitu 70% sehingga, peran aktif Puskesmas khususnya bidang promosi kesehatan hendaknya ditingkatkan lagi antara lain dengan melakukan penyuluhan-penyuluhan PHBS dan kunjungan-kunjungan langsung ke tengah masyarakat guna meningkatkan PHBS pada masyarakat di Desa Sungai Raya.
IDENTIFIKASI DAN ANALISA RISIKO KECELAKAAN KERJA DENGAN METODE FMEA (FAILURE MODE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS) PADA KELOMPOK TANI PALAS BARU RUMBAI
Authors: Yanda Putri Permata , Herniwanti Herniwanti , Makomulamin Makomulamin
Published: July 2021

Survei pendahuluan yang penulis lakukan di awal tahun 2019 secara acak sederhana pada kelompok tani di Kelurahan Maharani Kecamatan Rumbai masing-masing 3 orang petani, diperoleh informasi bahwa petani tidak mengetahui dan memahami serta menerapkan K3 dalam bekerja. Petani tidak memiliki prosedur kerja terutama ketika mengunakan berbagai jenis peralatan pertanian. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sumber risiko kecelakaan kerja. Mengacu pada konsep Manajemen Risiko JSA AS/NZS: 4360 dan metode FMEA. Desain penelitian yang dilakukan adalah analitik observasional. Pengumpulan data didapatkan dari hasil observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil observasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan diketahui lima risiko pada setiap tahapan proses pertanian dalam hal ini penanaman cabe diantaranya penyiapan lahan pertanian dengan risiko luka akibat komponen cangkul yang tajam RPN 27 berada pada tingkat risiko Very High. Risiko gatal dan kutu air pada tahap penanaman RPN 8 tingkat risiko High, risiko luka akibat sabit saat pemeliharaan RPN 18 tingkat risiko High. Terabsorbsi zat kimia saat pengendalian OPT RPN 18 tingkat risiko High dan risiko diserang hewan berbisa RPN 8 tingkat risiko Medium pada proses panen, saran bagi kelompok tani harus lebih aktif dalam meningkatkan kesadaran terhadap K3, dan juga bagi instansi terkait memberikan perhatian pada K3 terutama dinas kesehatan dan pertanian yang berada diwilayah kerja Kecamatan Rumbai Bukit.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN ZONA SELAMAT SEKOLAH (ZoSS) DI SDN 184 KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Edigan Firman , Ramadhana Suri
Published: July 2021

Sekolah bukan hanya tempat belajar mengajar, tetapi menjadi tempat yang aman untuk melakukan kegiatan apapun termasuk ketika berada di jalan baik pergi dan pulang dari sekolah.  Zona Selamat Sekolah (ZoSS) merupakan salah satu zona atau area khusus untuk menjaga keselamatan pengguna jalan maupun pengendara disekitar sekolah.  Kelengkapan dari rambu lalu lintas, marka jalan dalam ZoSS menjadi faktor yang penting dalam keselamatan, kenyamanan serta ketertiban bagi pengguna jalan baik untuk anak sekolah, guru, ataupun masyarakat. Banyaknya potensi bahaya yang ada di jalan sekolah, yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kecelakaan. SDN 184 Pekanbaru dengan lalu lintas yang padat ketika pergi dan pulang sekolah, dengan rambu lalu lintas yang kurang dan marka jalan yang tidak ada, akan sangat membahayakan keselamatan anak sekolah serta pengguna jalan lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitan kualitatif analitik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa banyak ditemukan potensi bahaya baik dari pengguna jalan, pengendara kendaraan maupun karena tidak lengkapnya rambu lalu lintas dan tidak adanya marka jalan.   Untuk menjamin keselamatan anak anak di sekolah dan pengguna jalan lainnya, di SDN 184 Pekanbaru, sangat penting diterapkan ZoSS sesuai yang diatur dalam Dirjen Hubdat, agar dapat mencegah terjadinya kecelakaan yang selama ini terjadi di kawasan sekolah.

Kata kunci: ZoSS, rambu lalu lintas, marka jalan, potensi bahaya, pengguna jalan