bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Mitochondria Enzyme Activity on Beef Tenderness
Authors: Dang D. , Briggs R. , Legako J. , Thornton K. , Matarneh S.
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesAmong all eating quality attributes, tenderness is often described as the most important factor dictating the overall acceptance of cooked beef, as well as, future decision to repeat purchase. While many intrinsic and extrinsic factors impact end-product tenderness, variation in tenderness is usually attributed to the extent of postmortem proteolysis occurring during meat aging. Evidence from the literature indicates that muscle fiber type composition is a major source of variation in the rate and extent of postmortem proteolysis. One of the major differences that distinguishes muscle fibers is the content of mitochondria. Typically, red muscle (slow-oxidative) is characterized by greater amounts of mitochondria than white muscle (fast-glycolytic). As part of the calcium buffering system, mitochondria sequester large quantities of calcium to maintain a constant cytosolic calcium level. We hypothesized that mitochondria may delay the activation of µ-calpain, the major protease responsible for postmortem proteolysis, through preventing the increase in cytosolic calcium concentration.Materials and MethodsTo test our hypothesis, beef longissimus thoracis muscle samples were collected at 30 min and 16 d postmortem. The 30 min samples were immediately snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at – 80°C, while the 16 d samples were used to determine Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values. Based on WBSF values, the samples were allocated into less tender (average WBSF = 5.3 kg; n = 8) or more tender (average WBSF = 2.3 kg; n = 8) categories. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) abundance, citrate synthase (CS) activity, phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity, and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) activity were compared between the two categories using the 30 min samples. Collected data were analyzed using a Student’s t test and considered significant at P ≤ 0.05.ResultsOur results showed that SDH abundance and CS activity (mitochondrial biomarkers) were significantly greater (P = 0.01 and 0.003, respectively) in less tender samples when compared to more tender samples. On the other hand, PFK and GP activities (glycolytic biomarkers) were greater (P < 0.05) in the more tender than less tender steaks.ConclusionWhile not a cause and effect relationship, these data indicate that mitochondria content likely plays a role in development of beef tenderness.
Effect of Different Fat Sources and Vitamin E Isoforms/Levels on Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Pigs Grown to 150 Kg
Authors: Kelley M. , Rentfrow G. , Lindemann M. , Wang D.
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThe objective was to evaluate the effect of supplementing α- and γ-tocopherol vitamin E isoforms with corn oil and tallow on carcass characteristics and meat quality of pigs grown to heavier weights (>150 kg).Materials and MethodsIndividually fed pigs (n = 72; 36 barrows, 36 gilts; 28.55 ± 1.16 kg) were randomly assigned to 12 dietary treatments in a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement. Fat treatments were tallow and corn oil (5?). The vitamin E treatments included four levels of α-tocopheryl-acetate (ATA; 11, 40, 100, and 200 ppm) and two levels of mixed tocopherols (primarily γ-tocopherol; 40 and 100 ppm). Pigs were humanely slaughtered at approximately 150 kg. 45 min pH was taken at the 10th rib. After 24 h chill (4°C), carcass measurements were taken (carcass length, backfat depth at first rib, last rib, 10th rib and last lumbar, loin muscle area, and 24 h pH at the 10th rib). In addition, wholesale weights from the Boston butt (IMPS #406), shoulder picnic (IMPS #405), loin (IMPS #412), and belly (IMPS #408) and spareribs were recorded. Furthermore, bellies were divided into eight sections and the average depth was taken at each section and the vertical and lateral belly flex was measured. Drip loss was determined by suspending a 1.3cm chop at 4°C for 48 h and purge loss was determined from approximately 2kg vacuum packaged loin muscle sections at 0, 7, 14, and 30d. Objective (Hunter Lab Colorimeter XE Plus) and subjective (NPPC color, marbling and firmness scores) measurements were taken at the 10th rib. Data analysis were performed in SAS by least squares analysis of variance using the generalized linear model as a randomized complete block design. The individual pig served as the experimental unit and results were reported as least square means.ResultsThere were no differences in dressing percentage, 24 h pH, backfat depth, loin muscle area, primal cuts, purge loss, and drip loss between the two vitamin E isoforms. Fat treatments did not affect dressing percentage, 45 min and 24 h pH, backfat depth, loin muscle area, primal cuts, purge loss, drip loss as well as objective and subjective color. Although not significant (P = 0.07), pork from the γ-tocopherol pigs had a lower pH than the ATA treatment. The γ-tocopherol supplementation tended to have a lighter subjective color (P = 0.06) as well as increased L*, decreased a*, and increased the hue angle calculations at 7d shelf-life. The belly depth was greater (P = 0.01) along with higher lateral (P < 0.01) and a lower vertical (P < 0.01) flex for pigs fed tallow.ConclusionIn conclusion, feeding tallow to heavy weight pigs (150 kg) could improve belly firmness. Also, α-tocopherol did not improve shelf-life stability and γ-tocopherol could negatively affect subject and objective pork loin color.
Comparing the Recovery of Indicator Microorganisms from Beef Trimmings Using Swabbing, Rinsing, and Grinding Methodologies
Authors: Alnajrani Mansour , Hanlon Keelyn , English Andrea , Fermin Kathleen , Brashears Mindy M. , Echeverry Alejandro
Published: July 2021

Different bacterial sampling methods that are destructive or nondestructive in nature have been developed to evaluate the microbial quality of meat and determine if it fulfills criteria for distribution to the public. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of swabbing, rinsing, and grinding as sampling methodologies for recovery of indicator microorganisms on beef trimmings. A total of fifteen samples (n = 15) of beef trimmings were collected using the N60 trim sampling technique adopted by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. Each of the 15 samples were divided into 3 parts, with each part assigned to a methodology (swabbing, rinsing, or grinding), and subjected to multiple sequential sampling for a total of three times. A comparison was made between the first sampling and the total bacteria recovered by each methodology. For total aerobic counts (TAC) obtained by the rinse and the grinding methodology, the first sampling as well as the total resulted in aerobic bacteria counts that were not significantly different (P > 0.05); however, swabbing yielded counts that were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than both rinsing and grinding. For total coliforms, rinsing was not significantly different (P < 0.05) from either swabbing or grinding, yet swabbing recovered the least number of bacteria. Within each sampling methodology, the decline in aerobic bacteria counts due to multiple sequential samplings was calculated. Rinsing and grinding resulted in significantly lower counts (P < 0.05) after the initial samplings, whereas swabbing did not (P > 0.05). Linear models showed strong relationships, with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.81 (swabbing vs. grinding), 0.67 (swabbing vs. rinsing), and 0.70 (rinsing vs. grinding). Although the sampling methodologies investigated are reliable to determine true bacterial counts of tested samples, consistency and uniformity of sampling is required for the proper interpretation of the acquired results.
Urgensi Sertifikat Laik Fungsi (Slf) Bangunan Terhadap Usaha Jasa Akomodasi Pariwisata di Kota Denpasar
Authors: Sugiartha I Nyoman Gede , Dinar I Gusti Agung Ayu Gita Pritayanti , Putra I Made Aditya Mantara
Published: July 2021

Penerapan Online Single Submission (“OSS”) diterapkan pemerintah guna merampingkan proses perijinan usaha yang selama ini dianggap sangat tidak efisien dan membutuhkan banyak waktu dan biaya, mewajibkan seluruh Perusahaan Terbatas (“PT”) yang didirikan berdasarkan hukum Republik Indonesia untuk mendapatkan Nomor Induk Berusaha (“NIB”) dan lebih lanjut menyesuaikan izin-izin yang telah diperoleh oleh masing-masing PT tersebut sebelumnya, baik yang berkaitan dengan operasional maupun non-operasional, dengan izin-izin yang dikeluarkan oleh OSS. Sebagai dampak dari penerapan OSS tersebut, Perseroan yang telah mengajukan dan mendapatkan Izin Usaha (Tanda Daftar Usaha Pariwisata) namun belum berlaku efektif, harus memenuhi komitmen-komitmen lainnya yang salah satunya adalah Sertifikat Laik Fungsi (“SLF”). Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini: (i) Penerapan pengaturan Sertifikat Laik Fungsi (SLF) bangunan di Provinsi Bali, (ii) Urgensi penerapan komitmen Sertifikat Laik Fungsi (SLF) di Provinsi Bali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan Analisa konsep hukum. Teori yang digunakan dalam mengkaji permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teori hukum ekonomi, teori kedaulatan negara dan konsepsi hukum sebagai proses kebijakan. Melalui penelitian ini dapat ditentukan urgensi penerapan komitmen Sertifikat Laik Fungsi (SLF) bangunan di Kota Denpasar. Diperlukan konsistensi penerapan yang profesional yang berlandaskan keadilan, kepastian dan kemanfaatan hukum oleh pemerintah sehingga menciptakan pertumbuhan perekonomian melalui pariwisata yang ideal dan berkelanjutan di Bali. Tolak ukur penerapan komitmen SLF namun dengan memperhatikan berbagai faktor hukum dan efisiensi kebijakan pemerintah secara mendalam, terstruktur dan sistematis.
Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Tindak Pidana Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech) di Media Sosial
Authors: Mulyawati Kade Richa
Published: July 2021

Kemajuan teknologi yang berkembang dengan sangat pesat tidak hanya membawa dampak positif bagi kehidupan masyarakat tetapi tidak sedikit menimbulkan dampak negative. Kemudahan kebebasan berpendapat dengan mengandalkan teknologi membawa perkembangan baru dalam jenis-jensi kejahatan yaitu munculnya ujaran kebencian atau hate speech yang dilakukan di media social baik berupa ketikan maupun video. Hal demikian apabila tidak diatur lebih lajut maka akan sangat mengkhawatirkan, masyarakat akan nkelewatan batas dan akan menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan atau perasaan tersinggung pada seseorang atau kelompok tertentu. Hukum pidana sudah pasti telah memperhatikan konsekuensi yang akan dihadapi seseorang baik yang sengaja maupun tidak sengaja melakukan tindak pidana ujaran kebencian ini. Dalam artikel ini akan membahas bagaimana hukum pidana memandang kejahatan ujaran kebencian atau hate speech ini dan akan dibahas juga mengenai bagaimanakah system pembuktian dalam tindak pidana ujaran kebencian ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normative yang mana dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka dan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan yang terkait dengan tindak pidana ujaran kebencian. Hasil dan pembahasan yang didapat adalah Apabila kita melihat dalam KUHP dan peraturan perundang-udangan lain sudah dijelaskan beberapa pasal yang dapat dikenakan terhadap seseorang yang melakukan ujaran kebencian atau hate speech. Pasal-Pasal yang mengatur tindakan tentang Ujaran Kebencian terhadap seseorang, kelompok ataupun lembaga berdasarkan Surat Edaran Kapolri No: SE/06/X/2015 terdapat di dalam Pasal 156, Pasal 157, Pasal 310, Pasal 311, kemudian Pasal 28jis. Pasal 45 ayat (2) UU Nomor 19 tahun 2016 tentang informasi dan transaksi elektronik dan Pasal 16 UU No 40 Tahun 2016 tentang penghapusan Diskriminasi Ras dan Etnis.dan pembuktian yang dilakukan untuk memeriksa tindak pidana ujaran kebencian ini tetap berdasarkan dengan alat=alat bukti yang diatur dalam KUHP.
The Pengaturan Sertifikasi Jaminan Produk Halal Di Indonesia
Authors: Mohammad Mutiara Fajrin Maulidya
Published: July 2021

Aturan yuridis tentang Jaminan Produk Halal di Indonesia adalah hal yang krusial, wajar sebab penduduk Indonesia mayoritas beragama islam, wajib bagi negara untuk menjamin hak-hak konsumen muslimnya. Dengan adanya Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang JPH, yang mengatur bagaimana hak dan kewajiban para pelaku usaha kaitannya dengan produksi produk-produk halal, diharapkan dapat memberikan kepastian dan jaminan hukum bagi konsumen muslim. Diperkuat dengan terbitnya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 2019 dan diikuti dengan dikeluarkannya Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 26 Tahun 2019 Tentang Penyelenggara JPH. Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk mendeskripsikan lembaga-lembaga pelaksana, mekanisme dan pemberlakuan sertifikasi halal di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan ialah statute approach/pendekatan Undang-Undang, dilakukan dengan menelaah semua perundang-undangan yang bersangkut paut dengan isu hukum yang sedang terjadi. Hasilnya ialah dengan adanya PP tersebut, semakin memperjelas bahwa betapa mendesaknya permasalahan halal dan haram di Indonesia. Menunjuk bahwa terdapat tiga lembaga urgent yang berwewenang menjalankan sertifikasi halal diIndonesia, yakni ada BPJPH, LPH, dan MUI. BPJPH mempunyai kewenangan untuk bekerjasama salah satunya dengan Kementerian dan/atau lembaga terkait, bentuk kerjasamanya harus sesuai dengan tugas dan fungsi tiap-tiap kementerian. Sedangkan untuk prosedur pengajuan sertifikasi halal dilaksanakan melalui enam tahapan, yakni: mulai dari pengajuan permohonan, pemeriksaan kelengkapan, penetapan LPH, pemeriksaan/pengujian oleh auditor, penetapan kehalalan oleh MUI dan terakhir penerbitan sertifikasi halal. Kewajiban sertifikasi halal sesuai dengan UUJPH diberlakukan mulai pada tanggal 17 Oktober 2019 sampai dengan tanggal 17 Oktober 2024. Pelaksanaannya dilakukan secara bertahap dengan mempertimbangkan kesiapan pelaku usaha, infrastruktur pelaksanaan JPH, mempertimbangkan jenis Produk sebagai kebutuhan primer dan dikonsumsi secara masif.
Kajian Kriminologis Tindak Pidana Pencabulan terhadap Anak di Wilayah Hukum Polresta Denpasar
Authors: Subawa Ida Bagus Gede , Saraswati Putu Sekarwangi
Published: July 2021

Kejahatan atau tindak pidana merupakan persoalan yang dialami manusia dari waktu ke waktu, mengapa tindak pidana dapat terjadi dan bagaimana pemberantasnya merupakan persoalan yang tiada hentinya diperdebatkan, salah satunya adalah tindak pidana pencabulan terhadap anak. Terdapat beberapa faktor tindak pidana pencabulan terhadap anak yakni adanya kemajuan teknologi yang tidak saja membawa dampak positif tetapi juga negatif. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut maka ditarik permasalahan sebagai berikut : yaitu untuk mengetahui faktor penyabab terjadinya tindak pidana pencabulan terhadap anak dan upaya penanggulangan yang dilakukan oleh Polresta Denpasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris, penelitian hukum empiris beranjak dari adanya kesenjangan antara teori dan realita. Metode-metode pendekatan yang digunakan yakni pendekatan kriminologis, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan fakta. Faktor penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana pencabulan terhadap anak di Wilayah Hukum Polresta Denpasar disebabkan oleh faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Faktor internal disebabkan adanya kelainan seksual yang ada dalam diri pelaku, sedangkan faktor eksternal disebabkan karena kurangnya perhatian dari orang tua terhadap anak, faktor ekonomi, faktor lingkungan, faktor teknologi, faktor minuman beralkohol. Upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana pencabulan terhadap anak di wilayah hukum Polresta Denpasar dilakukan melalui upaya penanggulangan preventif dan upaya penanggulangan represif.
Analisis Analisis Yuridis Tentang Proses Mediasi dalam Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Adat di Bali
Authors: Mayasari I Dewa Ayu Dwi , Rudy Dewa Gde
Published: July 2021

Dewasa ini dalam kehidupan masyarakat sering terjadinya konflik atau sengketa. Termasuk sengketa pertanahan yang marak terjadi di lingkungan masyarakat adat khususnya masyarakat adat di Bali. Berbagai macam cara dilakukan masyarakat untuk menyelesaikan sengketa pertanahan yang terjadi. Baik melalui lembaga pengadilan (litigasi) amupun lembaga di luar pengadilan (non litigasi). Alternatif penyelesaian sengketa banyak ditempuh oleh masyarakat karena dinilai lebih efektif dan tidak memakan waktu dan biaya yan g lebih. Salah satu alternatif penyelesaian sengketa yang sering di tempuh adalah melalui jalur Mediasi atau perdamaian. Apalagi dalam menyelesaikan sengketa tanah adat di Bali. Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa tanah adat di Bali sering ditempuh melalui proses mediasi karena dinilai lebih efektif ,tidak memakan waktu lama dan biaya yang tinggi.  Dalam penelitian ini dibahas dua permasalahan yakni Bagaimana urgensi mediasi sebagai alternatif penyelesaian sengketa tanah  adat di Bali dan  Bagaimana  proses mediasi dalam alternatif penyelesaian  sengketa tanah adat di Bali. Penelitian  ini mempergunakan  jenis penelitian  hukum normatif karena memfokuskan analisa  terhadap norma hukum  yang  muncul  dengan  menggunakan  pendekatan  perundang-undangan  dan  pendekatan  analisa  konsep hukum. Kompleksnya persoalan tanah adat di Bali dan sedikitnya aturan tertulis mengenai hal itu, maka Mediasi sebagai alternatif penyelesaian sengketa tanah adat di Bali menjadi hal yang sangat urgen karena sengketa dapat diselesaikan  secara  efektif  dan  efisien.  Dan  untuk  proses  mediasi  tidak  diatur  dalam  peraturan  perundang- undangan, sehingga proses mediasi cenderung dilakukan menurut kebutuhan para pihak yang bersengketa sesuai dengan arahan dan petunjuk dari mediator.
Editorial: Advances in corporate governance practices
Authors: Boubaker Sabri
Published: July 2021

Corporate governance has gone through three decades of profound changes in terms of new regulations, new practices, and environmental conditions. Many countries drafted guidelines for best corporate governance practices following Cadbury report (Cadbury, 1992). These practices were mainly related to the board of directors (composition and functioning), internal controls, and internal audit. The Enron scandal followed by the collapse of Arthur Andersen, one of the big five audit firms, and the enactment of the “Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act” (Sarbanes-Oxley law) in 2002 were other milestones in the evolution of corporate governance. This law brought about significant changes related to public company accounting oversight, auditor independence, financial disclosure, and corporate responsibility. The financial crisis in 2008 started in the United States and has shaken the world economy. This crisis was due to weak corporate governance that led to fraudulent financial reporting and excessive risk-taking. Grove and Victoravich (2012) consider CEO duality, lack of board independence, weak management control systems, short-termism, weak codes of ethics, and opaque disclosures among the main drivers of this crisis. The COVID-19 has consistently shown that firms with better corporate governance and corporate social responsibility practices were the most resilient entities during the first quarter of the pandemic (Ramelli & Wagner, 2020). All these topics are addressed in this collection of high-quality research papers of this year’s first issue of Corporate Board: Role, Duties, and Composition.
A Preliminary Survey of Medium and Large‐Sized Mammals in Amoro Forest, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia
Authors: Lakew Dagnachew , Ayichew Belayneh
Published: July 2021

Aim: The objective of this study was to survey the species composition,
relative abundance and to determine major threats of medium and
large-sized mammals in Amoro Forest. Method: Linetransects surveying and
indirect surveys method (including fresh tracks, scats, hair, spines and
burrows) were used to survey mammalian diversity. A survey was conducted
in the early morning from 6:00 to 10:00 and late afternoon from 16:00 to
19:00. Key interview and direct site observationswere carried out to
assess the major threat of mammals in the study area. Results: A total
of 12 species of medium and large sized mammals belonging to sex orders
and eight families were recorded. Porcupine (Hystrix cristata), Vervet
monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) and Olive baboon (Papio anubis) were among
the medium-sized mammals while, Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta),Leopard
(Panthera pardus) and Common duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) were among the
large sized mammals observed in the study area. Shannon–Wiener Index
values were low (H′ = 1.666) whereas, the Simpson’s index (1-D) of
diversity showed the highest species diversity (0.761) in the study
area. Illegal logging of trees; overgrazing, agricultural activities and
human-wildlife conflicts were the foremost threats in the area.
Conclusion: Species richness and evenness were varied from habitat to
habitat in Amoro forest. Land degradation anddifferent
anthropogenicactivities were common threats for the mammals in the study
area. Community participation and awareness creation is very important
to limit the impact of anthropogenic activities threatening wildlife.
Key words: Anthropogenic activity, Conservation, Diversity,
Mammalssurvey
Acute lower limb ischemia in an ICU admitted patient diagnosed with covid 19: a case report
Authors: Sadeghi Armin , moslemi mohammadreza
Published: July 2021

Thromboembolic events have been reported in hospitalized patient since
beginning of the covid 19 pandemic. This study reports an ICU admitted
patient with lower extremity arterial thrombosis diagnosed with covid
19.
Magnaporthe oryzae as an expression host for the production of the unspecific peroxygenase AaeUPO from the basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita
Authors: Jacob Stefan , Bormann Sebastian , Becker Michael , Antelo Luis , Holtmann Dirk , Thines Eckhard
Published: July 2021

The filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae has the potential to be
developed as an alternative platform organism for the heterologous
production of industrially important enzymes. M. oryzae is easy to
handle, fast-growing and unlike yeast, posttranslational modifications
like N-glycosylations are similar to the human organism. Here, we
established M. oryzae as a host for the expression of the unspecific
peroxygenase from the basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO). UPOs are
attractive biocatalysts for selective oxyfunctionalization of
non-activated carbon-hydrogen bonds. To improve and simplify the
isolation of AaeUPO in M. oryzae, we fused a Magnaporthe signal peptide
for protein secretion and set it under control of the strong
EF1-promotor. The success of the heterologous production of full-length
AaeUPO in M. oryzae and the secretion of the functional enzyme was
confirmed by a peroxygenase-specific enzyme assay. These results offer
the possibility to establish the filamentous ascomycete M. oryzae as a
broad applicable alternative expression system. This is in particular
valid for proteins that cannot or not in sufficient yields produced in
established systems.
ImitateDB: A Resource for Domain and Motif Mimicry in Host and Pathogen Proteins
Authors: Tayal Sonali , Bhatia Venugopal , Mehrotra Tanya , Bhatnagar Sonika
Published: July 2021

The host pathogen interactome can be visualized as a vast continuous
network in which molecular mimicry of host proteins by pathogens
constitutes a strategy to hijack the host pathways. Despite extensive
work in this field, there is no dedicated resource for mimicked domains
and motifs in host pathogen interactome. In this work, we collated all
the data regarding the experimental host pathogen (HP) and host-host
(HH) protein-protein interactions (PPIs). The domains and sequence
linear motifs of the proteins were annotated using CD Search and
ScanProsite. Host and pathogen proteins with a shared host interactor
and similar domain/motif constitute a linear pair. A linear pair that
exhibits global structural domain similarity (Domain linear pair; DLP)
or local sequence motif similarity (Motif Linear Pair; MLP) has a high
probability of being co-expressed and co-localized. 2,06,449 DLPs and
38,45,643 MLPs were identified in 50,812 experimental HP-PPIs and
organized in a web- based resource, ImitateDB, accessible at
http://imitatedb.sblab-nsit.net. ImitateDB provides user-friendly access
to the mimicry data. It can be queried by protein UniProt ID, pathogen,
domain, motif, or interaction detection method. The results are
externally integrated using hyperlinked domain PSSM ID, motif ID and
protein ID. Kinase, UL36, Smc and DEXDc were frequent DLP domains
whereas Protein Kinase C, Casein Kinase 2, glycosylation and
myristoylation sites were frequent MLP motifs. Novel DLP domains SANT,
Tudor, PhoX and MLP motifs Microbodies C-terminal targeting signal,
Ubiquitin-interacting motif and Lipocalin signature were proposed.
ImitateDB constitutes a resource for researchers in the field of
infectious diseases and microbiology.
Effects of agriculture and seasonality on the soil hydrophysical properties of high-Andean dry páramo grasslands
Authors: Gutiérrez Sebastián Patiño , Rivera Isabel Domínguez , Torrez Martha Daza , Ocaña Edgar Oviedo , Rowe Edwin , Ochoa-Tocachi Boris
Published: July 2021

One of the most essential ecosystem services provided by high-Andean
páramos is streamflow buffering. A combination of soil, vegetation and
climate characteristics provides páramos with an exceptional ability to
store, regulate and supply water, particularly in their natural state.
However, páramo catchments are seldom pristine. Agriculture is one of
the most widespread human activities in páramos and considerably affects
their soil hydrophysical properties. This research assesses how soil
properties are affected by the conversion from natural páramo vegetation
to fallow, onion, or potato crops. We measured Soil Organic Matter
(SOM), Bulk density (Bd), pH and electric conductivity (EC) at three
depths (0–5, 10–15 and 20–25 cm), in a stratified random survey of
different land uses in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Samples were
collected in wet and dry seasons. Agricultural use affects all the
studied properties, increasing Bd (+0.11 g cm-3), decreasing SOM
(-5.5%), and increasing pH (+1.3) and EC (+187 µS cm-1). Seasonality
did not have a significant effect on the studied properties under
natural vegetation; however, there were significant differences between
wet season and dry season in agricultural soils in SOM (-7.2% and
+5.7% in fallow and potato crop, respectively) and Bd (-0.22 gr cm-3 in
crops). These changes show that agriculture in páramo grasslands leads
to a significant decrease in soil porosity and water-holding capacity,
which affects adversely the ecosystem hydrological regulation capacity.
This paper contributes to a better understanding of the complexity of
Andean páramos and provide crucial information to improve soil
management, a key aspect for ensuring the sustainable provision of
hydrological ecosystem services offered by Andean and other mountain
ecosystems.
Characterization of promoters in archaeal genomes based on DNA structural parameters
Authors: Martinez Gustavo , Sarkar Sharmilee , Kumar Aditya , Perez-Rueda Ernesto , Silva Scheila
Published: July 2021

The transcription machinery of archaea can be roughly classified as a
simplified version of eukaryotic organisms. The basal transcription
factor machinery binds to the TATA-box found around 28 nucleotides
upstream of the transcription start site; however, some transcription
units lack a clear TATA-box and still have TBP/TFB binding over them.
This apparent absence of conserved sequences could be a consequence of
sequence divergence associated with the upstream region, operonic and
gene organization. Furthermore, earlier studies have found that a
structural analysis gains more information compared to a simple sequence
inspection. In this work, we evaluated and coded 3630 archaeal promoter
sequences of three organisms, Haloferax volcanii, Thermococcus
kodakarensis, and Sulfolobus solfataricus into DNA duplex stability,
enthalpy, curvature, and bendability parameters. We also split our
dataset into conserved TATA and degenerated TATA promoters in order to
identify differences among these two classes of promoters. The
structural analysis reveals variations in archaeal promoters’
architecture, i.e., a distinctive signal is observed in the TFB, TBP,
and TFE binding sites independently of these being TATA-conserved or
TATA-degenerated. In addition, the promoter encountering method was
validated with upstream regions of 13 other archaea, suggesting that
there might be promoter sequences among them. Therefore, we suggest a
novel method for locating promoters within the genome of archaea based
on energetic/structural features.
Thiol levels in mild or moderate covid-19 patients: A comparison of variant and classic covid-19 cases
Authors: Dağcıoğlu Basri Furkan , Keskin Ahmet , Güner Rahmet , Kalem Ayse Kaya , ESER FATMA , Erel Özcan , Neselioglu Salim , Bayrakdar Fatma , ÖZKARA Adem
Published: July 2021

Background: Various variants of the covid-19 have started to attract
attention recently. The clinical course of these variants and possible
predictive parameters are being investigated. This study aimed to
examine the relationship between thiol levels, which are indicators of
oxidative stress, and variant covid-19 types. Methods: In this
cross-sectional study, patients with a diagnosis of classic covid-19 and
patients with a diagnosis of variant covid-19 with mild and moderate
symptoms followed in the clinical observatory of Ankara city hospital
were included in the study group. The patients were divided into two
groups according to the covid-19 type as variant and classic covid-19,
and a healthy control group is added for comparison. A complete blood
count and thiol analysis are performed from the venous blood samples.
Obtained results were compared between groups, and the ROC analysis is
performed. Results: Thiol levels were significantly lower in patients
with a diagnosis of Covid-19 compared to the control group. In terms of
WBC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, NLR, ferritin and thiol parameters,
patients with variant covid-19 differed significantly from patients with
a classic covid-19 diagnosis. Thiol levels’ cut-off values to
distinguish between variant covid-19 patients and control group from
classical covid-19 patients were almost identical (423 and 422 µmol/L,
respectively). Conclusions: It seems possible to use thiol as a
sensitive, specific and cost-effective marker to suspect variant
covid-19 cases. Since this study is probably the first example in this
subject, it would form a basis for further studies. Keywords: Covid-19,
SARS-CoV-2, variant covid-19, thiol, oxidative stress.
What are the Most Effective Factors in Determining Future Exacerbations, Morbidity Weight and Mortality In Patients Hospitalized wıth COPD Attack? A Prospective Study
Authors: Koç Çağla , Şahin Füsun
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the important
factors affecting the COPD prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included
160 hospitalized patients with COPD exacerbation in the study.
Hemoglobin-HB, hematocrit-HCT, leukocyte, red cell distribution width-
RDW, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, plateletcrit,
platelet, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, platelet / lymphocyte ratio,
eosinophil, uric acid, albumin, CRP, procalcitonin, arterial blood gases
(PO2, PCO2) pulmonary function test (FEV1, FVC), echocardiography
(ejection fraction-EF) GOLD stage, MMRC and BORG scales, Charlson
comorbidity index, body mass index-BMI, length of hospital stay were
examined on the first day of hospitalization. Admission to the hospital
with a new attack, hospitalization in the intensive care unit-ICU, and
mortality during the 6 months after discharge were evaluated. RESULTS:
High CRP and procalcitonin values were observed in the group with long
hospital stay. In mortality group, HB, HCT, BMI and PO2 values were
significantly lower than the group without mortality while age and GOLD
stage were higher. The age, BORG and MMRC scores, number of
exacerbations experienced in the previous 1 year, RDW, eosinophil count,
PCO2 were significantly higher in the ICU group than without ICU. HCT,
EF values were lower in the ICU group than without ICU. FEV1, FVC values
were significantly lower in follow-up attack group than without attack;
the duration of COPD and the number of experienced in the previous 1
year were high. CONCLUSION: It has been concluded that the scoring
combining selected biomarkers and other factors will be stronger in
determining the prognosis.
Pediatric asthma control during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Ze , Wang Xiang , Wan Xigang , Wang Menglei , Qiu Zonghua , Chen Jiali , Shi Manhao , Zhang Shiyi , Xia Yongliang
Published: July 2021

Background: During the current ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, studies had
reported that patients with asthma would experience increased
asthma-associated morbidity because of the respiratory virus SARS-CoV-2
infection, based on experience with other respiratory viral infections.
However, some studies suggested that there was no apparent increase in
asthma related morbidity in children with asthma, it is even possible
that due to reduced exposures due to confinement, such children may have
improved outcomes. In order to understand the impact of Covid-19 on
asthma control in children, we performed this systematic review and
meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library
to find literature from December 2019 to June 2021 related to Covid-19
and children’s asthma control, among which results such as abstracts,
comments, letters, reviews and case reports were excluded. The level of
asthma control during the COVID-19 pandemic was synthesized and
discussed. Results: A total of 20456 subjects were included in 7
studies. Random effect model is used to account for the data. Compared
to the same period before the COVID-19 pandemic, asthma exacerbation,
asthma admission, emergency room visit reduced a lot. The outcome of use
of inhaled corticosteroids and Beta-2 agonists shows no significant
difference. Conclusion: Compared to the same period before the COVID-19
pandemic and the measures in response to it, the level of asthma control
has been significantly improved. We need to understand the exact factors
leading to these improvements and find methods to sustain it.
Analysis of winding temperature field under dynamic variable load of oil-immersed transformer
Authors: Xu Dapeng , Mao Yu , Yang Xiaohui , Qin Chunxu , Shang Haikun , Zhao Jun , Zhang Jianying , Li Zhiwei
Published: July 2021

The research on the temperature field of the transformer winding under
dynamic variable load is of great significance for ensuring the safe
operation of power systems. This paper takes an SSP-360000/500 transformer as
the research object, establishes a 2-D simulation model, and uses the finite
volume method to analyze the high voltage winding and low voltage winding
temperature distribution of the transformer under dynamic variable load. The
simulation calculation results have been fully verified by the experimental
data to make the successful prediction of the overall temperature and hot
spot temperature position of forced oil circulation transformers with a
guided structure. The results show that the most significant temperature
raise occurs at the secondary end of the winding. In the case of dynamic
variable load. The temperature raise of the winding becomes larger as the
load increases, but before the rated load is in the stable temperature rise
range, it can run safely for a long time. However, during overload operation,
the average temperature raise of the high voltage winding may exceed its
limit, the insulation material is damaged.
Investigation of thermal mechanical coupling numerical simulation and theoretical study of k-shaped combined metal seal of downhole flow control valve
Authors: Zhang Linfeng , He Dongsheng , Tan Ya , Xu Liangbin
Published: July 2021

The K-shaped seal assembly is composed of K-shaped metal seal, high
temperature nickel base alloy (GH4169). Its sealing performance directly
affects the reliability and stability of flow control system. The 2-D
axisymmetric K-shaped metal seal is abstracted as the combination of
interference fit model and cantilever beam model. Considering the influence
of temperature on the seal, based on the 2-D constitutive relation of
elastic medium and heat conduction theory, the theoretical model between
contact stress and self variation of K-shaped metal seal ring is deduced by
using inverse method. Using ABAQUS thermal structure coupling analysis
method, the thermal mechanical coupling finite element model of K-shaped
seal assembly is established. The theoretical analytical solution proposed
in this paper can be used to calculate the approximate solution of contact
stress of radial metal seal under current oilfield conditions, and provides
theoretical support for the numerical calculation of thermal stress of
radial metal seal.
Fatigue evaluation of hot spot stress in fatigue vulnerable area of bridge deck structure based on thermal energy modelling
Authors: Zhao Fangqin , Liao Qinghua
Published: July 2021

The paper takes a Yangtze River bridge as the object, establishes a finite
element model of the highway orthotropic steel deck structure, calculates and
analyzes the fatigue stress of specific structural details based on the hot
spot stress method, and obtains the fatigue vulnerable area of this type of
bridge deck structure. Based on the bridge?s actual use, the thesis
calculates and evaluates the fatigue life of the typical welding details of
the bridge deck based on the American Highway Bridge Design Code. The results
show that the fatigue stress amplitude calculation of the five types of
fatigue vulnerable structure details under the Fatigue ? and Fatigue ? limit
states. The values are all less than the allowable value, and the fatigue
life meets the design requirements.
Technical economic model of energy utilization and energy saving for central heating system
Authors: Geng Guojing , Li Xianzhe
Published: July 2021

Chinese heating method has gradually shifted from small fragments to
centralized regional heating. This heating method has achieved obvious
energy-saving benefits. The article establishes an economic model of the
energy utilization rate of the central heating system and installs the
system exergy balance equation at the same time. The simulation found that
the energy utilization coefficient of the heating system is high and has a
high energy-saving potential. The effect of energy utilization is poor, and
it has great potential for energy saving.
Thermal control system based on ant colony algorithm
Authors: Zhang Ran , Zhou Yan
Published: July 2021

In order to improve the accuracy and speed of solving the inverse problem of
source-seeking heat conduction, the paper proposes a correlation-based ant
colony optimization algorithm for the inverse problem of source-seeking heat
conduction based on the characteristics of the influence of the heat source
position on the boundary temperature distribution in the heat conduction
problem. This method is used to construct the corresponding heuristic
information value for each co-ordinate of the heat source location, which can
reflect the degree of similarity between the temperature curve of the
calculated measuring point and the temperature curve of the real measuring
point, namely the correlation degree. The ant colony optimization algorithm
the medium path selection mechanism and the structure of the objective
function have been improved. The paper replaces the actual experiment with
numerical calculation obtain the temperature of the measuring point, and
performs computer programming experiment on the inverse problem. The
calculation results show that the calibration method of this heuristic
information value and the objective function the construction method can
distinguish the quality of the path well, thereby increasing the speed of the
ant colony converging to the best path. The computational efficiency is
improved by 18-60% compared with the ant colony algorithm that does not
consider the correlation.
Development and application of thermal calculation software for boiler furnace
Authors: Chai Jianwei , Li Xingfang , Yang Meiling
Published: July 2021

Aiming at the thermal calculation of supercritical boiler furnace check, the
article is based on the divisional calculation method in the thermal
calculation standard of the Soviet Union in 1973, combined with the 1-D
block flow model of pulverized coal combustion, and proposes a new
divisional 1-D furnace exchange thermal calculation model, and compiled the
corresponding thermal calculation software. The software is easy to use, not
only can obtain the average temperature distribution of flue gas along the
height of the furnace and the heat load of the section water wall, but also
the carbon content of fly ash. The article takes a 600 MW supercritical
boiler as an example and uses software to calculate the heat transfer in the
furnace.
Improving thermal control efficiency of solar energy utilization based on at series single-chip microcomputer
Authors: Geng Wenbao , Lei Min
Published: July 2021

The thesis researched and designed a solar air heating automatic control
system. The system is based on the AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer. The
system has automatic tracking function control of the blade heat collector,
winter and summer function conversion, and active and passive function
conversion functions. The advantage of this system is that it can set the
operating parameters of the system as required and can typically work
following the set mode under complicated weather changes. Through
experimental research, it is found that the solar air heating automatic
control system can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of solar
energy.
Constant temperature control system of building energy system
Authors: Dong Shaofeng , Wang Yahai , Hu Wei , Zhang Guangshan , Zhan Jinsong
Published: July 2021

Due to the poor effect of traditional systems on constant temperature
control, the paper proposes to design an embedded continuous temperature
control system in a dynamic, intelligent building. In the smart building,
the thesis takes the building as the research object and uses the embedded
technology to design the overall structure diagram of the system. The thesis
aims at the output control module of the thermostat. It uses the Peltier
effect to develop the thermocouple closed-loop and drives the semiconductor
refrigeration device select. In the software part, the paper establishes a
cross-compilation environment, transplants embedded kernels, and sets fuzzy
rules for constant temperature control. The validity of the system design is
verified through experiments. It can be seen from the experimental results
that the system has a better thermostat control effect.
Modelling and control of solar thermal power generation network in smart grid
Authors: Wang Ruilian , Zhang Zichao , Wei Xinxu
Published: July 2021

The thermal storage system is an essential part of the trough solar thermal
power generation system. Due to the strong randomness, intermittency, and
volatility of solar energy resources, to further improve the system?s
overall reliability to meet the needs of variable operating conditions, the
paper optimizes the control strategy of the trough solar heat storage
system. Taking the molten salt heat storage medium in the oil/salt heat
exchanger, the core equipment of the heat storage system, as the critical
research object, the article adopts proportional, integral, and
differential (PID) control theories. It builds the system in the
MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment mathematical model. We use the
critical proportionality method to determine many critical parameters in the
control system, tune the proportional coefficient, integral time, and other
physical quantities in the PID controller, and analyze the proportional
control, proportional-integral control, PID controls the respective dynamic
response characteristics of these three different control systems. The
simulation and comparative analysis results show that: compared with the
other two control methods, PID control can effectively weaken the heat
storage system oscillation caused by external disturbance, its dynamic
response speed is faster, the adjustment time is shorter, and it can meet
the requirements of operational stability. The paper adopts PID control,
which reduces the control difficulty of the trough solar heat storage system
and improves the adaptability to changes in external meteorological
resources. The research results have particular guiding significance at the
academic and engineering levels.
Modelling and optimal control of energy-saving-oriented automotive engine thermal management system
Authors: Zhang Sanhua , Tang Kunhao , Zheng Xinhong
Published: July 2021

The thesis simulates the engine?s installation and uses conditions in the
whole vehicle, such as the water tank, fan, the engine?s arrangement in the
engine room, accessories and pipe-line connections, etc. to build a test
bench for the engine thermal management system. According to the thermal
management simulation analysis software KULI modelling, the article designs
the bench test conditions according to the parameter input requirements of
the thermal management simulation analysis software. The accuracy of the
model is verified by comparing simulation and test data, and the NEDC
driving cycle is used to simulate the performance of the vehicle cooling
system to guide the selection and matching of thermal management system
components.
Modelling and simulation of solar thermal power generation network
Authors: Wang Bowen
Published: July 2021

In the smart grid context, the article combines SEGS-VI solar thermal power
station parameters to establish a solar thermal power generation system
model. The thesis is based on the First and Second laws of thermodynamics.
It uses the white box model analysis method of the energy system to
calculate the solar thermal power generation system-concentrating and
collecting subsystem, heat exchange subsystem, and power subsystem to obtain
the subsystems dissipation of each process. Finally, the article uses the
white box model analysis of the total energy system to treat the subsystems
as white boxes, and connects them to form a white box network, makes a
reasonable evaluation of the energy consumption status of the total energy
system, and finds the weak links in the energy use process of the system.
Provide a basis for system energy saving.
George Sorter's Influence on Accounting Thought
Authors: Bloom Robert
Published: July 2021

This manuscript is a biography of George H. Sorter. An innovative accounting theorist and educator, Sorter was concerned about how accounting information could be used in financial and management decision-making. He criticized accounting as a profession for failing to own up to the limitations of financial reports, which do not reveal the “value” of the firm, and for hiding behind confusing jargon. As a result, Sorter formulated an “events” approach to provide financial statement users with data useful for decision making. Valuation of the firm is a subjective endeavor, a matter of individual user perception, he maintained. He served as a member of the AAA Committee for “A Statement of Basic Accounting Theory” (ASOBAT) and as the research director of the AICPA's “Objectives of Financial Statements” (AICPA 1973, Trueblood Report). This manuscript focuses primarily on Sorter's contributions to the Trueblood Report.