bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cluster Head Selection and Energy Efficient Multicast Routing Protocol-Based Optimal Route Selection for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Suresh Kumar R. , Manimegalai P. , Vasanth Raj P. T. , Dhanagopal R. , Johnson Santhosh A.
Published: June 2022

Wireless networks with a large number of peer nodes are known as mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In MANETs, the mobility of nodes causes a number of challenges, including path preservation, battery life, safety, dependability, and unexpected connection characteristics. As a result, the network’s quality of service (QoS) would be compromised (QoS). For the discovery and maintenance of pathways in MANETs, the routing protocol is critical. By implementing the multicast routing protocol, the MANET network’s reliability may be improved significantly. Evaluation of multicast routing for quality of service (QoS) is the primary goal of this study. In multicasting, data packets from one node are transmitted to a set of receiver nodes at a time, simultaneously. Multicasting reduces transmission costs. Cluster head selection is one of the challenges in MANET. This proposed research paper optimal route selection (ORS) provides the cluster head selection and alternate cluster head selection for avoiding the failure of the cluster head, generation of the optimal path between the cluster head and member node based on reliability pair factor and node’s energy, and establishment of the path based on maximum energy and number of hops between the nodes (minimum number of hops). In comparison to existing methods, ORS is more effective in the energy-efficient path between base station and cluster head, and member node is provided by an ORS route. Results show that the proposed ORSMAN has higher throughput, minimum latency, minimum jitter, and maximum packet delivery ratio, when compared to the existing methodologies.
Effects of Incontro, Alleanza, Responsabilita, Autonomia Intervention Model Combined with Orem Self-Care Model and the Use of Smart Wearable Devices on Perceived Stress and Self-Efficacy in Patients after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Cui Mei , Zhao Dan , Wang Hong , Zhu Yuqin , Wang Zhen
Published: June 2022

Objective. To explore the effects of Incontro, Alleanza, Responsabilita, Autonomia (IARA) combined with Orem self-care model and the use of smart wearable devices on perceived stress and self-efficacy in patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods. A total of 60 patients after THA in our hospital were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into control group (IARA intervention model combined with Orem self-care model) and study group (intelligent wearable device combined conference—IARA and Orem self-care model). Harris hip function score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score, functional independence measure (FIM) score, social support level, perceived stress, and self-efficacy were compared between the two groups. Results. Harris hip function score, WOMAC score, FIM score, and the level of social support of the study group were higher compared with the control group after operation (

P

 < 0.05). Additionally, the perceptual pressure in the study group was lower compared with the control group after intervention (

P

 < 0.05). The self-efficacy of the two groups was compared, and the self-efficacy of the study group was higher than that of the control group at 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks after the intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (

P

 < 0.05). Conclusion. Patients after THA utilize an intelligent wearable device combined with IARA model and Orem self-care model, which can effectively reduce awareness pressure, improve self-efficacy, and facilitate the improvement of the hip fracture.
Wearable Psychological Stress Monitoring Equipment and Data Analysis Based on a Wireless Sensor
Authors: Xu Huixiang , Zhang Nan , Liu Qiuju
Published: June 2022

With the rapid development of social economy, human psychological pressure is an important factor affecting human health. Excessive psychological pressure will lead to serious psychological diseases such as depression and anxiety. The traditional psychological stress monitoring method is mainly limited to the psychological scale. This method has a certain subjectivity, so its corresponding test data is not representative. At the hardware design level, this paper will select miniaturized, low-power, and low-cost microphysiological sensors to monitor the psychological pressure level discrimination indicators such as heart rate, body temperature, and heart rate waveform and fully optimize the layout of wireless sensors at the hardware layout level to achieve the high efficiency of the whole system. The detection of human pulse signal and heart rate signal is mainly carried out through microsensors, and the temperature signal is filtered and amplified, and analog-to-digital conversion is carried out to realize the accurate measurement of key signal waveform. At the level of hardware system and software algorithm, this paper creatively proposes a psychological stress recognition algorithm based on evidence theory. By extracting the collected key signal features, we can identify the primary stage of psychological stress and finally realize the evaluation and analysis of individual psychological stress through evidence theory. The experimental results show that the trust degree of an individual psychological stress test is improved by 0.187 compared with the traditional algorithm, and the corresponding psychological stress trust degree is up to 0.988, which has obvious advantages.
RBSmix: A Regulatable Privacy-Preserving Method for Cryptocurrency
Authors: Xiao Rongyu , Sun Guozi , Yang Jiale , Wang Yao , Hao Puhe
Published: June 2022

Public chains represented by Bitcoin and Ethereum do not require users to use their real names, and transaction data are open to the whole network. Analysed based on this, researchers have achieved the deanonymization of blockchain transactions to a certain extent. Based on the existing blockchain transaction privacy protection scheme, the true link relationship between the transaction sender and receiver is hidden, which brings difficulties to regulation. In this paper, we propose a cryptocurrency mixing service RBSmix, which allows users to reestablish their financial privacy in Bitcoin and related cryptocurrencies. RBSmix, through blind signature to prevent attackers from linking input and output addresses, by the threshold secret sharing algorithm, encryption technology, and a regulation team, combined with the idea of voting, tracks the source of funds for illegal addresses. Experiments show that the scheme scales to large numbers of users and can provide users with better privacy protection.
Evaluation and Analysis of the Intervention Effect of Systematic Parent Training Based on Computational Intelligence on Child Autism
Authors: He Xuejin , Yu Yinzhen , Ouyang Yanqiong
Published: June 2022

Autism, also known as pervasive developmental disorder or autism spectrum disorder, is a group of clinical syndromes of developmental delay or impairment. Social impairment, verbal communication impairment, and behavioral impairment are the three conditions for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, according to the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. According to relevant statistics, about 1 in 100 children is now diagnosed with autism, and their rehabilitation treatment is also valued by people from all walks of life. In the rehabilitation training of autistic children, it is found that the rehabilitation training of autistic children should pay attention to the role of parents and family environment. It is crucial that parents receive systematic training and act as partners in the development of the intervention plan. Research shows that a specific structured education and skills training program for parents of children with autism can be beneficial in improving behavioral problems, functional communication, and symptoms of autism in children with autism. To this end, this paper has completed the following work: Secondly, a portion of the systematic training of CA parents is discussed, followed by an explanation of the structure and principles of BPNN. Finally, the BPNN is utilized to create a model for assessing the impact of systematic parent instruction on CA. The experimental findings suggest that the proposed BPNN outperforms the competition.
Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Explore the Key Mechanism of Gubitong Recipe in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chen Guang-yao , Liu Xiao-yu , Luo Jing , Yu Xin-bo , Liu Yi , Tao Qing-wen
Published: June 2022

Background. Gubitong Recipe (GBT) is a prescription based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory of tonifying the kidney yang and strengthening the bone. A previous multicentral randomized clinical trial has shown that GBT can effectively relieve joint pain and improve quality of life with a high safety in treating osteoarthritis (OA). This study is aimed at elucidating the active compounds, potential targets, and mechanisms of GBT for treating OA. Method. The network pharmacology method was used to predict the key active compounds, targets, and mechanisms of GBT in treating OA. An OA rat model was established with Hulth surgery, and the pathological changes of articular cartilage were observed to evaluate the effects of GBT. Chondrocytes were stimulated with LPS to establish in vitro models, and key targets and mechanisms predicted by network pharmacology were verified via qRT-PCR, ELISA, western blot, and immunofluorescence. The Contribution Index Model and molecular docking were used to determine the key active compounds of GBT and the major nodes affecting predicted pathways. Result. A total of 500 compounds were acquired from related databases, where 87 active compounds and their 254 corresponding targets were identified. 2979 OA-related genes were collected from three databases, 150 of which were GBT-regulating OA genes. The compound-target network weight analysis and PPI results showed that IL-6 and PGE2 are key targets of GBT in treating OA. KEGG results showed that PI3K/AKT, Toll-like receptor, NFκB, TNF, and HIF-1 are the key signaling pathways. An in vivo experiment showed that GBT could effectively suppress cartilage degradation of OA rats. In vitro experiments demonstrated that GBT can inhibit the key targets of KEGG-related pathways. Molecular-docking results suggested that luteolin, licochalcone A, and β-carotene were key targets of GBT, and the mechanisms may be associated with the NFκB signaling pathway. Blockage experiments showed that the NFκB pathway is the key pathway of GBT in treating OA. Conclusion. This study verified that GBT can effectively protect articular cartilage through multitarget and multipathway, and its inhibitory effect on the NFκB pathway is the most key mechanism in treating OA.
Effectiveness of Interactive Reading Mode Based on Multisensor Information Fusion in English Teaching
Authors: Yu Xiaoqiang , Zhang Liang
Published: June 2022

With the development of the data era, information is available in complex and diverse forms, and the information obtained by a single sensor is always incomplete and cannot grasp the global content. Multisensors, on the other hand, can obtain more dimensional information about the target and fuse the multidimensional information, thus changing the shortcomings of a single sensor. For students, reading is an essential means of communicating ideas and acquiring information, yet many teachers focus too much on decoding language and teaching literal meaning. In general, students only passively acquire knowledge, which does not effectively improve their analytical and reasoning skills. Under the guidance of an efficient reading mode, it is crucial to develop good reading habits and use correct reading strategies. To enhance the effectiveness of interaction between students and teachers, this paper proposes an interactive reading model based on multisensor information fusion to help students’ acquisition of background knowledge and language skills, including teacher-student interaction before reading, during reading, and after reading, which ensures the completeness and accuracy of the interactive information and helps decision-making judgments. In this paper, by introducing the theoretical knowledge of multisensor information fusion and interactive reading mode, and by evaluating the English teaching in two parallel classes with the traditional English teaching mode and using the interactive reading mode, we found that the students in the experimental class B believed that their English level in all aspects had improved significantly, and the number of students who performed the 30–60 minutes English reading time period had increased substantially compared with that before the experiment, which could improve the students’ reading level of interest in reading, so English teaching using the interactive reading model is effective.
Effects of Corneal Stromal Lens Collagen Cross-Linking Regraft on Corneal Biomechanics
Authors: Shi Rong , Wang Weize , Che Yu , Linghu Shaorong , Liu Taixiang
Published: June 2022

Background. Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) therapy, a method that uses a combination of riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light (UVA), can promote the formation of covalent cross-linking of amino acid residues of corneal collagen and enhance the hardness of the cornea. In this study, we explored the effects of corneal stromal lens collagen cross-linking regraft on corneal biomechanics. Methods. A total of 15 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 3 groups: normal control group (group A), SMILE + uncross-linked lens implantation group (Group B), and SMILE + cross-linking lens implantation group (group C). The design parameters of SMILE surgery were as follows: the corneal cap was 120 um thick, the lens diameter was 6.5 mm, and the diopter was -6.0D. Riboflavin and ultraviolet-A (UVA) were used as corneal stromal lens CXL, which was implanted into the allogeneic rabbit corneal stromal bag 24 hours after the operation. Postoperative corneal thickness (CCT), refraction, AS-OCT, and corneal biomechanics were performed before and then at 1 and 3 months after the operation. Results. All corneas appeared transparent and smooth 3 months after surgery. The corneal thicknesses of both group B and group C were lower than those before the operation. The corrected refraction of group B and group C after lens implantation was also lower than the expected corrected power; there was no significant difference between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). AS-OCT results showed an uneven surface and thickness of the corneal stromal lens in two eyes of group B. Moreover, corneal elastic deformation increased with intraocular pressure in each group; displacement from large to small was group B > group C and > group A. The creep from large to small was group B > group C > group A. The fiberboard layers of groups B and C were disordered, and there were a few autophagosomes in the fibroblasts of group B by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Conclusions. Allograft graft of corneal stromal lens collagen cross-linked can significantly increase the biomechanical properties of the cornea.
Deep Learning-Based Privacy-Preserving Data Transmission Scheme for Clustered IIoT Environment
Authors: Lakshmanna Kuruva , Kavitha R. , Geetha B. T. , Nanda Ashok Kumar , Radhakrishnan Arun , Kohar Rachna
Published: June 2022

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has received significant attention from several leading industries like agriculture, mining, transport, energy, and healthcare. IIoT acts as a vital part of Industry 4.0 that mainly employs machine learning (ML) to investigate the interconnection and massive quantity of the IIoT data. As the data are generally saved at the cloud server, security and privacy of the collected data from numerous distributed and heterogeneous devices remain a challenging issue. This article develops a novel multi-agent system (MAS) with deep learning-based privacy preserving data transmission (BDL-PPDT) scheme for clustered IIoT environment. The goal of the BDL-PPDT technique is to accomplish secure data transmission in clustered IIoT environment. The BDL-PPDT technique involves a two-stage process. Initially, an enhanced moth swarm algorithm-based clustering (EMSA-C) technique is derived to choose a proper set of clusters in the IIoT system and construct clusters. Besides, multi-agent system is used to enable secure inter-cluster communication. Moreover, multi-head attention with bidirectional long short-term memory (MHA-BLSTM) model is applied for intrusion detection process. Furthermore, the hyperparameter tuning process of the MHA-BLSTM model can be carried out by the stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDM) model to improve the detection rate. For examining the promising performance of the BDL-PPDT technique, an extensive comparison study takes place and the results are assessed under varying measures. A significant amount of capital is required. It goes without saying that one of the most obvious industrial IoT concerns is the high cost of adoption. Secure data storage and management connectivity failures are common among IoT devices due to the massive amount of data they create. The simulation results demonstrate the enhanced outcomes of the BDL-PPDT technique over the recent methods. Despite the fact that the offered BDL-PPDT technique has an accuracy of just 98.15 percent, it produces the best feasible outcome. Because of the data analysis conducted as detailed above, it was determined that the BDL-PPDT technique outperformed the other current techniques on a range of different criteria and was thus recommended.
Minimizing the Cost of Spatiotemporal Searches Based on Reinforcement Learning with Probabilistic States
Authors: Han Lei , Tu Chunyu , Yu Zhiyong , Huang Fangwan , Guo Wenzhong , Chen Chao , Yu Zhiwen
Published: June 2022

Portraying the trajectories of certain vehicles effectively is of great significance for urban public safety. Specially, we aim to determine the location of a vehicle at a specific past moment. In some situations, the waypoints of the vehicle’s trajectory are not directly available, but the vehicle’s image may be contained in massive camera video records. Since these records are only indexed by location and moment, rather than by contents such as license plate numbers, finding the vehicle from these records is a time-consuming task. To minimize the cost of spatiotemporal search (a spatiotemporal search means the effort to check whether the vehicle appears at a specified location at a specified moment), this paper proposes a reinforcement learning algorithm called Quasi-Dynamic Programming (QDP), which is an improved Q-learning. QDP selects the searching moment iteratively based on known past locations, considering both the cost efficiency of the current action and its potential impact on subsequent actions. Unlike traditional Q-learning, QDP has probabilistic states during training. To address the problem of probabilistic states, we make the following contributions: 1) replaces the next state by multiple states of a probability distribution; 2) estimates the expected cost of subsequent actions to calculate the value function; 3) creates a state and an action randomly in each loop to train the value function progressively. Finally, experiments are conducted using real-world vehicle trajectories, and the results show that the proposed QDP is superior to the previous greedy-based algorithms and other baselines.
Integrated Analysis of ECT2 and COL17A1 as Potential Biomarkers for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Huang Wen-liang , Wu Shu-fen , Huang Xiao , Zhou Shan
Published: June 2022

Background. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract. It presents with atypical clinical symptoms and lacks specific diagnostic indicators. This study is aimed at exploring the potential biomarkers of PC. Methods. TCGA database pancreatic cancer dataset was normalized and used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Survival, independent prognostic, and clinical correlation analyses were performed on DEGs to screen for key genes. DNA methylation, mutation, and copy number variation (CNV) analyses were used to analyze genetic variants in key genes. GSEA was performed to explore the functional enrichment of the key genes. Based on the expression of key genes, construction of a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and prediction of chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity were performed. Furthermore, the GEO database was used to validate the reliability of key genes. Results. Two key genes (ECT2 and COL17A1) were identified, which were highly expressed in PC. The mRNA expression of ECT2 and COL17A1 was associated with DNA methylation and CNV. The cell cycle, proteasome, and pathways in cancer were enriched in the high-COL17A1 and ECT2 groups. The TME results showed that immune scores were decreased in the high-ECT2 group. CeRNA network results showed that there were eleven miRNAs were involved in the regulation of ECT2 and COL17A1. Moreover, pRRophetic analysis showed that 20 chemotherapeutic drugs were associated with ECT2 and COL17A1 expression. Conclusions. Collectively, ECT2 and COL17A1 may be potential biomarkers for PC, providing a new direction for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Moving Object Tracking in Satellite Videos by Kernelized Correlation Filter Based on Color-Name Features and Kalman Prediction
Authors: Pei Wenjing , Lu Xuhui
Published: June 2022

This paper studies moving object tracking in satellite videos. For the satellite videos, the object size in the images may be small, the object may be partly occluded, and the image may contain an area resembling dense objects. To handle the above problems, this paper puts forward a kernelized correlation filter based on the color-name feature and Kalman prediction. The original image is mapped to the color-name feature space so that the tracker can process the image with multichannel color features. The Kalman filter is used to predict the moving object position in the tracking process, and the detection area is determined according to the predicted position. The Kalman filter is updated with the detection results to improve the tracking accuracy. The proposed algorithm is tested on Jilin-1 datasets. Compared with the other seven tracking algorithms, the experiment results show that the proposed algorithm has stronger robustness for several complex situations such as rapid target motion and similar object interference. Besides, it is also shown that the proposed algorithm can prevent the problem of tracking failure when the moving object is partially occluded.
Breastfeeding in the Modern World
Authors: Prentice Andrew M.
Published: June 2022

Background: Social changes in the 20th century resulted in substantial reductions in the prevalence of breastfeeding in many countries but especially in those with high and increasing wealth. Concerns about this decline prompted widespread research to quantify the benefits of breastfeeding and the mechanisms by which it exerts protective effects for mothers and children. Pro-breastfeeding advocacy resulted in the WHO International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in 1981 and the Innocenti Declaration on Breastfeeding in 1990, which, together with numerous other initiatives, have helped to turn the tide. Summary: A tranche of recent meta-analyses of dozens of individual studies provide very strong evidence that breastfeeding has substantial benefits to babies, infants, and young children. The benefits and strengths of association vary according to the background environmental and hygiene conditions in different settings. In low-income settings, the chief measurable benefits for the child are in respect of reductions in diarrhea and respiratory infections, and in mortality. In high-income settings, breastfeeding protects against otitis media, likely protects against type 2 diabetes and overweight and obesity, and possibly protects against type 1 diabetes. It likely improves IQ by 2–3 percentage points. In mothers, breastfeeding reduces a mother’s likelihood of breast and ovarian cancers. Feeding these data into the Lives Saved Tool suggests that these benefits could prevent 823,000 deaths in children and 22,000 among women.
Association of Immune-Related Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations with Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Mei Xiaole , Jin Hui , Zhao Ming , Lu Qianjin
Published: June 2022

Background: The familial clustering phenomenon together with environmental influences indicates the presence of a genetic and epigenetic predisposition to systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Interestingly, regarding lupus nephritis (LN), the worst complication of SLE, mortality, and morbidity were not consistent with SLE in relation to sexuality and ethnicity. Summary: Genetic and epigenetic alterations in LN include genes and noncoding RNAs that are involved in antigen-presenting, complements, immune cell infiltration, interferon pathways, and so on. Once genetic or epigenetic change occurs alone or simultaneously, they will promote the formation of immune complexes with autoantibodies that target various autoantigens, which results in inflammatory cytokines and autoreactive immune cells colonizing renal tissues and contributing to LN. Key Messages: Making additional checks for immunopathology-related heredity and epigenetic factors may lead to a more holistic perspective of LN.
Integrated Approaches to Combatting Childhood Obesity
Authors: Verduci Elvira , Di Profio Elisabetta , Fiore Giulia , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo
Published: June 2022

Background: The global prevalence of childhood obesity has grown sharply in recent decades. Obesity is considered a public health problem which directly affects the health status of children in numerous ways. To combat this trend, integrated approaches are necessary to prevent childhood obesity. Strategies require a comprehensive perspective at individual and parental level alongside the adoption of measures to engage the community and environment. Summary: Prevention is addressed as crucial in limiting the pediatric obesity epidemic in the long term. Breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding are recognized as early dietary factors that affect the future risk of obesity development during the first 2 years of life. During childhood and adolescence, dietary patterns, eating habits, portion size, eating frequencies, and family meals are important dietary factors to target for preventive strategies, as well as parenting style which is influenced by parents’ education. Physical activity promotion and the reduction of sedentary behavior are also recommended. The adherence of children and families to obesity prevention programs is highly dependent on socioeconomic factors. Moreover, setting food quality standards and public policies to promote healthy lifestyle habits is strongly advocated. The implementation of cost-effective preventive strategies is of high priority and requires an integrated approach by healthcare services. All stakeholders involved should take an active role in supporting and empowering children and families in order to cope with this multifactorial and complex disease.
DRUG THERAPY FOR PROTEIN COMPOSITION CHANGES OF BLOOD IN HYPERTENSION AND IN CASES OF COMORBIDITY
Authors: Dzordzo Yu. R. , Andreychyn S. M.
Published: June 2022

Background. The binding function of serum albumin (BFSA) and its changes in various diseases in recent years are of interest to researchers. Hypertension (HT) in combination with comorbidities, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) can contribute to BFSA.
Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between quantitative changes in BFSA, protein fractions and indicators of endogenous intoxication (EI) in HT in combination with NASH and type 2 diabetes and to suggest drug therapy of the disorders revealed.
Methods. 123 patients with stage 2 HT and degree 2-3 arterial hypertension were examined; they were divided into three groups: group 1 included 28 patients without concomitant diseases, 2 – 48 patients with concomitant NASH, 3 – 47 patients with NASH and type 2 diabetes. Groups 3 and 4 were divided into two subgroups (A and B): patients of the subgroup A received basic HT therapy and additionally Antral® 200 mg 3 times a day for 60 days, B – only basic HT therapy. All patients underwent a standard clinical examination, as well as for BFSA, total protein, albumin, globulins and albumin-globulin ratio, medium mass molecules (MMM) at 280 and 254 nm and erythrocyte intoxication index (EII). The comparison group consisted of 25 healthy individuals.
Results. It was found out that Antral® in patients with HT in combination with NASH and with NASH and type 2 diabetes with a statistically significant decrease in BFSA, total protein and albumin, as well as with increased indicators of EI (MSM254, MSM280 and EII) caused significant improvement in BFSA, increase of total protein, serum albumin, reduce of MSM254, MSM280, EII and strengthening of all correlations.
Conclusions. Antral® therapy in patients with HT in combination with NASH as well as NASH and type 2 diabetes causes significant increase in BFSA, serum protein fractions and decreases EI.
Animal Models of Exercise From Rodents to Pythons
Authors: Hastings Margaret H. , Herrera Jonathan J. , Guseh J. Sawalla , Atlason Bjarni , Houstis Nicholas E. , Abdul Kadir Azrul , Li Haobo , Sheffield Cedric , Singh Anand P. , Roh Jason D. , Day Sharlene M. , Rosenzweig Anthony
Published: June 2022

Acute and chronic animal models of exercise are commonly used in research. Acute exercise testing is used, often in combination with genetic, pharmacological, or other manipulations, to study the impact of these manipulations on the cardiovascular response to exercise and to detect impairments or improvements in cardiovascular function that may not be evident at rest. Chronic exercise conditioning models are used to study the cardiac phenotypic response to regular exercise training and as a platform for discovery of novel pathways mediating cardiovascular benefits conferred by exercise conditioning that could be exploited therapeutically. The cardiovascular benefits of exercise are well established, and, frequently, molecular manipulations that mimic the pathway changes induced by exercise recapitulate at least some of its benefits. This review discusses approaches for assessing cardiovascular function during an acute exercise challenge in rodents, as well as practical and conceptual considerations in the use of common rodent exercise conditioning models. The case for studying feeding in the Burmese python as a model for exercise-like physiological adaptation is also explored.
Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Heterogeneous Syndrome, Diverse Preclinical Models
Authors: Roh Jason , Hill Joseph A. , Singh Abhilasha , Valero-Muñoz María , Sam Flora
Published: June 2022

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents one of the greatest challenges facing cardiovascular medicine today. Despite being the most common form of heart failure worldwide, there has been limited success in developing therapeutics for this syndrome. This is largely due to our incomplete understanding of the biology driving its systemic pathophysiology and the heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes, which are increasingly being recognized as distinct HFpEF phenogroups. Development of efficacious therapeutics fundamentally relies on robust preclinical models that not only faithfully recapitulate key features of the clinical syndrome but also enable rigorous investigation of putative mechanisms of disease in the context of clinically relevant phenotypes. In this review, we propose a preclinical research strategy that is conceptually grounded in model diversification and aims to better align with our evolving understanding of the heterogeneity of clinical HFpEF. Although heterogeneity is often viewed as a major obstacle in preclinical HFpEF research, we challenge this notion and argue that embracing it may be the key to demystifying its pathobiology. Here, we first provide an overarching guideline for developing HFpEF models through a stepwise approach of comprehensive cardiac and extra-cardiac phenotyping. We then present an overview of currently available models, focused on the 3 leading phenogroups, which are primarily based on aging, cardiometabolic stress, and chronic hypertension. We discuss how well these models reflect their clinically relevant phenogroup and highlight some of the more recent mechanistic insights they are providing into the complex pathophysiology underlying HFpEF.
Introduction: Asian Maritime Networking Centered in Fifteenth Century Melaka
Authors: Hall Kenneth R.
Published: June 2022

This introductory chapter and those that follow in this issue of JESHO celebrate the 500th anniversary of the c.1400–1511 strategic Melaka port-of-trade based Sultanate that controlled the Straits of Melaka maritime passageway connecting the Western and Eastern Indian Oceans to the China and Java Seas and beyond in eastern Asia until the Portuguese seizure of Melaka in 1511. As such, these studies update prior JESHO publications that have addressed Melaka’s history since the Journal’s inception.
An Uncertain Fortune: The Northern Bay of Bengal in the Two Melaka Eras (1402–1641)
Authors: Mukerjee Rila
Published: June 2022

While Melaka-Southeast Asia-China links continue to receive considerable scholarly interest, the Melaka region’s links with the economies of the northern Bay of Bengal have received less attention. Despite the fact that scholars have often focused extensively on the history of the Bay’s western littoral, and that the Straits played a crucial role in linking this western littoral to the China Seas during the Melaka era, the region has been marginalised in scholarship. As will become clear, the history of Melaka during this time can be divided into two discrete periods. The first of these periods started with the city-state’s foundation as regional rival to Ayutthaya by Palembang’s monarch Parameswara ca. 1402, and the second began with the Portuguese conquest of the port-city in 1511, after which the Straits became not only a transnational passageway for Persians, Arabs, South, Southeast and East Asians, but also a hub in East-West commerce. This study will investigate changes occurring in the northern Bay of Bengal world consequent to Melaka’s founding as regional emporium and subsequent emergence as an international marketplace, and ends with the Dutch capture of Melaka in 1641 and its subsequent decline concurrent with Batavia’s promotion as regional entrepôt.
Haijin, Melaka, and the Cham/Việt Coast
Authors: Whitmore† John K.
Published: June 2022

This study examines 15th-century Melaka’s significant role as the primary intermediary eastern maritime port-of-trade between the Indian Ocean and China. It addresses the strategic South China Sea Jiaozhu Vietnam coastline passage to the Ming court’s newly designated southern China Guangzhou port. It replaced Quangzhou to the north as the preeminent port of China’s eastern Asia maritime trade. In 1371 the Ming China court restricted its foreign maritime trade beyond China. In response Chinese and multi-ethnic maritime diasporas based in Southeast Asia ports traveled the South China Sea to the Eastern and Western Indian Oceans and in doing so sustained a post-1400 substantive intermediary transit trade network that connected southern China, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and east-coast of Africa.
Neo-Aristotelian Naturalism as Ethical Naturalism
Authors: Moosavi Parisa
Published: June 2022

Neo-Aristotelian naturalism purports to explain morality in terms of human nature, while maintaining that the relevant aspects of human nature cannot be known scientifically. This has led some to conclude that neo-Aristotelian naturalism is not a form of ethical naturalism in the standard, metaphysical sense. In this paper, I argue that neo-Aristotelian naturalism is in fact a standard form of ethical naturalism that is committed to metaphysical naturalism about moral truths and presents a distinctive and underappreciated argument for it. I reconstruct the neo-Aristotelian argument for ethical naturalism in terms of a continuity between the ethical domain and the natural domain of life. I argue that clarifying the meta-ethical import of neo-Aristotelian naturalism not only helps to situate it among other positions in meta-ethics, but also facilitates better critical engagement with the view.
Christian Knorr von Rosenroth’s Anticipation of the Consolation of Israel: His Latin Translation of Isaac Abarbanel’s “Introduction to the Prophet Isaiah” and Its Possible Place within His Work
Authors: Vileno Anna M. , Wilkinson Robert J.
Published: June 2022

This article examines a previously ignored and unpublished manuscript of the Christian kabbalistic scholar Christian Knorr von Rosenroth, the compiler of Kabbala Denudata, restores it to its proper order, and conclusively identifies it as his personal translation into Latin of Isaac Abarbanel’s Introduction to the Prophet Isaiah prepared, we suggest, for this own use and not for publication. Though much of Knorr’s previously known work was based upon kabbalistic materials, Abarbanel’s Introduction—not a kabbalistic work by contrast—offered a comprehensive view of the Hebrew Bible’s prophetic hope. Knorr’s Messias Puer, also newly recovered, enables us to discover several of his personal convictions otherwise previously unattested. One of these is his anticipation of a future, this-worldly, Davidic kingdom in the Holy Land. It is in the context of this anticipation of the Consolation of Israel that the translation of the Introduction to the Prophet Isaiah may now be plausibly placed.
More Complex is Not Necessarily Better in Large-Scale Hydrological Modeling: A Model Complexity Experiment across the Contiguous United States
Authors: Merz Ralf , Miniussi Arianna , Basso Stefano , Petersen Karl-Jonas , Tarasova Larisa
Published: June 2022

Conceptual hydrological models are irreplaceable tools for large-scale (i.e., from ­regional to global) hydrological predictions. Large-scale modeling studies typically strive to employ one single model structure regardless of the diversity of catchments under study. However, little is known on the optimal model complexity for large-scale applications. In a modeling experiment across 700 catchments in the contiguous United States, we analyze the performance of a ­conceptual (bucket style) distributed hydrological model with varying complexity (5 model versions with 11–45 parameters) but with exactly the same inputs and spatial and temporal resolution and implementing the same regional parameterization approach. The performance of all model versions compares well with those of contemporary large-scale models tested in the United States, suggesting that the applied model structures reasonably account for the dominant hydrological processes. Remarkably, our results favor a simpler model structure where the main hydrological processes of runoff generation and routing through soil, groundwater, and the river network are conceptualized in distinct but parsimonious ways. As long as only observed runoff is used for model validation, including additional soil layers in the model structure to better represent ­vertical soil heterogeneity seems not to improve model performance. More complex models tend to have lower model performance and may result in rather large uncertainties in simulating states and fluxes (soil moisture and groundwater recharge) in model ensemble applications. Overall, our results indicate that simpler model structures tend to be a more reliable choice, given the limited validation data available at large scale.
Robust Anthropogenic Signal Identified in the Seasonal Cycle of Tropospheric Temperature
Authors: Santer Benjamin D. , Po-Chedley Stephen , Feldl Nicole , Fyfe John C. , Fu Qiang , Solomon Susan , England Mark , Rodgers Keith B. , Stuecker Malte F. , Mears Carl , Zou Cheng-Zhi , Bonfils Céline J. W. , Pallotta Giuliana , Zelinka Mark D. , Rosenbloom Nan , Edwards Jim
Published: June 2022

Previous work identified an anthropogenic fingerprint pattern in TAC(x, t), the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of mid- to upper-tropospheric temperature (TMT), but did not explicitly consider whether fingerprint identification in satellite TAC(x, t) data could have been influenced by real-world multidecadal internal variability (MIV). We address this question here using large ensembles (LEs) performed with five climate models. LEs provide many different sequences of internal variability noise superimposed on an underlying forced signal. Despite differences in historical external forcings, climate sensitivity, and MIV properties of the five models, their TAC(x, t) fingerprints are similar and statistically identifiable in 239 of the 240 LE realizations of historical climate change. Comparing simulated and observed variability spectra reveals that consistent fingerprint identification is unlikely to be biased by model underestimates of observed MIV. Even in the presence of large (factor of 3–4) intermodel and inter-realization differences in the amplitude of MIV, the anthropogenic fingerprints of seasonal cycle changes are robustly identifiable in models and satellite data. This is primarily due to the fact that the distinctive, global-scale fingerprint patterns are spatially dissimilar to the smaller-scale patterns of internal TAC(x, t) variability associated with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The robustness of the seasonal cycle detection and attribution results shown here, taken together with the evidence from idealized aquaplanet simulations, suggest that basic physical processes are dictating a common pattern of forced TAC(x, t) changes in observations and in the five LEs. The key processes involved include GHG-induced expansion of the tropics, lapse-rate changes, land surface drying, and sea ice decrease.
Influence of Reduced Winter Land–Sea Contrast on the Midlatitude Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: Portal Alice , Pasquero Claudia , D’Andrea Fabio , Davini Paolo , Hamouda Mostafa E. , Rivière Gwendal
Published: June 2022

Even though winter land–sea thermal contrast (LSC) is expected to undergo a strong weakening in the future warmer climate, its effects have been poorly investigated. Here we run a set of idealized winter simulations featuring reduced LSC in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropics, or in individual extratropical sectors of the NH (Atlantic and Pacific), using an intermediate-complexity atmospheric general circulation model. Reduced LSC is obtained by imposing a warming of surface land temperatures in East Asia and North America. For similar warming intensities over the two regions, the response of the model to East Asia forcing is significantly stronger and dominates the response to the sum of the two forcing patterns. We find that the LSC reduction causes a weakening and poleward shift of the midlatitude jet streams, and a strong interference with zonal wavenumbers 1 and 2. In particular, East Asian warming reduces the amplitude of waves 1 and 2, producing a strengthening of the stratospheric vortex, while a weaker vortex due to a moderate amplification of wave 1 is detected when warming North America. Eventually, stratospheric signals propagate downward in the troposphere affecting the midlatitude winter NH even remotely from the forcing. In this work we pinpoint some mechanisms by which weakened winter LSC influences the NH extratropical circulation: the results may become useful to interpret the response to long-term projections displaying reduced LSC along with other climate change forcing patterns.
Polymicrobial Acute Suppurative Parotitis in a 33-Day-Old Infant: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Paouris D. , Dallos T. , Pitiriga V.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Acute suppurative parotitis (ASP) of neonates is a rare condition characterized by irritability, erythema, and tenderness of the affected gland.

Methods/Results:

Only few cases have been reported in Engilsh literature, mostly in male neonates, in a unilateral fashion. In our case, a polymicrobial etiology ( Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter ursingii, and Acinetobacter junii) was found. Based on the review of the microbiological findings of cases of ASP in English literature for the years 1970 to 2020, S. aureus is the most commonly isolated microorganism (47% of the total 65 patients). Our patient was born with a C-section procedure and was not breast-fed, making dysbiosis along with the usage of the feeding bottle, possible risk factors for the development of ASP.

Conclusions:

ASP may be due to polymicrobial etiology. Initial presentation in neonates may not include typical signs and symptoms, like fever. Aseptic technique of oral procedures is of utmost importance also in immune-competent neonates.
The motorcycle as identity construct and performance affect: Three real-life examples for whom transport alone was not enough
Authors: Ward James J.
Published: June 2022

At a time when the future of the internal combustion engine-powered motorcycle, if not the industry as a whole, seems clouded, it may be appropriate to reflect on the importance of the two-wheeled vehicle as a cultural artefact – that is, its importance in the creation of an identity and a self-image for its owner and rider. This article examines this subject through the examples of three figures for whom the motorcycle was crucial in the construction of their identity and the fame they achieved, in real life and in literary representation – the poet Thom Gunn, the psychologist Oliver Sacks, and the war hero T. E. Lawrence. For all three the motorcycle was a preferred mode of transport. But it was more than that. It was a marker of the identity they chose to create for themselves, something – as each said – that an automobile could never be.
Outcomes in trauma patients undergoing veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Kim Seon Hee , Huh Up , Song Seunghwan , Kim Min Su , Wang Il Jae , Tak Young Jin
Published: June 2022

Background:

The use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) remains controversial in trauma patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic benefits of VV ECMO and the factors affecting patient outcomes.

Methods

From 2017 to 2019, 21/1938 trauma patients (median age: 47 years; 18 men) at a level I trauma center received VV ECMO for post-traumatic ARDS. Demographic, injury-specific, ECMO, and outcome data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed to analyze the factors affecting hospital mortality and ECMO results.

Results

19 patients (90.5%) were successfully weaned off ECMO; 16 patients (76.2%) survived to discharge. In univariate analysis, there was a significant difference in survival between the groups with a Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) ⩾0.5 and TRISS <0.5 ( p = 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for both TRISS and Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survival Prediction (RESP) scores for death was 0.78. In those who failed ECMO weaning, the AUCs of the TRISS and RESP scores were 0.90 and 0.80, respectively.

Conclusions:

In patients with ARDS caused by severe trauma and supported by VV ECMO, survival is associated with TRISS; TRISS and RESP scores may be predictive of mortality and failure in ECMO weaning.