bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timescale Dependence of the Precipitation Response to CO2‐Induced Warming in Millennial‐Length Climate Simulations
Authors: Him (Kinen) Kao Wing , Pendergrass Angeline G.
Published: November 2024

Previous work has shown that estimates of climate sensitivity vary over time in response to abrupt CO2 forcing in climate model simulations. The energy fluxes that drive warming in response to increasing CO2 also influence precipitation, which prompts the question: Does the precipitation response therefore also vary over time? We investigate by examining the response of precipitation to warming forced by greenhouse gases—the hydrological sensitivity—in a set of millennial‐length climate simulations with multiple climate models, Long Run Model Intercomparison Project (LongRunMIP). We compare hydrological sensitivity calculated from three different timescales of the simulations: years 1–20, 21–150, and 151–1000. We show that the hydrological sensitivity lacks a consistent dependence on timescale, in contrast to climate sensitivity. Decomposition of the surface energy budget reveals that the relative muting of the multi‐model mean hydrological sensitivity is driven by surface downwelling shortwave flux.
First-line benmelstobart plus anlotinib and chemotherapy in advanced or metastatic/recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multi-center phase 2 study
Authors: Li Ning , Xia Jin , Gao Xiaohui , Zhou Jianwei , Hong Yonggui , Cui Donghai , Zhao Xuesong , Wu Tao , Guo Yanzhen , Wang Junsheng , Luo Suxia
Published: November 2024

Although first-line immunochemotherapy has improved prognosis for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), more effective strategies still require further investigation. This multi-center, phase II study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05013697) assessed the feasibility of benmelstobart (a novel PD-L1 inhibitor) plus anlotinib (multitargeted TKI) and chemotherapy in advanced or metastatic/recurrent ESCC. Eligible patients received 4–6 cycles (21-day) of benmelstobart (1200 mg), anlotinib (10 mg) plus paclitaxel (135 mg/m2)/cisplatin (60–75 mg/m2), then maintained with benmelstobart and anlotinib. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed according to RECIST v1.1. Secondary endpoints were tumor response, overall survival (OS), and safety assessed by adverse events (AEs). From September 2021 to November 2023, 50 patients were enrolled and received study treatment. With median follow-up of 23.7 months as of April 1, 2024, median PFS was 14.9 months (95% CI, 11.4-not estimable [NE]) and the 1-year PFS was 58.5% (95% CI, 41.9%–71.9%). Among 50 patients, confirmed objective response rate was 72.0% and disease control rate was 84.0%. Median duration of response of 36 responders was 16.2 months (95% CI, 10.2-NE). At the cutoff date, 31 patients remained alive; median OS was not reached (95% CI, 13.2 months-NE) with 1-year OS of 74.8% (95% CI, 59.8%–84.8%). Forty-six (92.0%) patients reported treatment-related AEs, with 37 (74.0%) were grade ≥3. Overall, benmelstobart plus anlotinib and chemotherapy showed promising efficacy and acceptable toxicity in advanced or metastatic/recurrent ESCC.
Psmb8 inhibits mitochondrial fission and alleviates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury by targeting Drp1 degradation
Authors: Su Hui-Xiang , Xu Luo-Luo , Li Pang-Bo , Bi Hai-Lian , Jiang Wen-Xi , Li Hui-Hua
Published: November 2024

The mitochondrial dynamic imbalance is an important cause of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and dysfunction. Psmb8, as one of the immunoproteasome catalytic subunits, is a key regulator of protein homoeostasis, inflammation and some cardiac diseases. Here, we found that the expression level and activity of Psmb8 were significantly reduced in the heart of I/R mice and in subjects with myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiomyocyte-specific Psmb8 overexpression in mice markedly ameliorated I/R-mediated cardiac injury and dysfunction, which was accompanied by reduced mitochondrial division via the downregulation of dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1). However, Psmb8 knockout (KO) mice exhibited the opposite changes. The effects of Psmb8 on mitochondrial fission and apoptosis was confirmed in primary cardiomyocytes with overexpression or knockdown of Psmb8 in vitro. Mechanistically, Psmb8 was directly associated with Drp1 and enhanced its degradation, which subsequently suppressed I/R-mediated mitochondrial fission and cardiac injury. Conversely, knockdown of Drp1 in Psmb8-KO mice restored I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction and mitochondrial dynamic imbalance. Our study identified a new cardioprotective role of Psmb8 in cardiac I/R damage through targeting Drp1, and highlight that increasing Psmb8 activity may constitute a promising therapy for ischaemic heart disease.
CARD16 restores tumorigenesis and restraints apoptosis in glioma cells Via FOXO1/TRAIL axis
Authors: Xuan Ruoheng , Hu Tianyu , Cai Lingshan , Zhao Beichuan , Han Erqiao , Xia Zhibo
Published: November 2024

A hallmark of glioma cells, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells, is their resistance to apoptosis. Accumulating evidences has demonstrated that CARD16, a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) only protein, enhances both anti-apoptotic and tumorigenic properties. Nevertheless, there is a limited understanding of the expression and functional role of CARD16 in glioma. This study seeks to investigate, through in silico analysis and clinical specimens, the role of CARD16 as a potential tumor promoter in glioma. Functional assays and molecular studies revealed that CARD16 promotes tumorigenesis and suppresses apoptosis in glioma cells. Moreover, knockdown of CARD16 enhances the expression of the FOXO1/TRAIL axis in GBM cells. Additionally, FOXO1 downregulation in CARD16 knockdown GBM cells restores proliferation and reduces apoptosis. Further investigation demonstrated that elevated P21 expression inhibits CDK2-mediated FOXO1 phosphorylation and ubiquitination in CARD16-knockdown GBM cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that CARD16 is a tumor-promoting molecular in glioma via downregulating FOXO1/TRAIL axis, and suppressing TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The CARD16 gene presents significant potential for prognostic prediction and advances in innovative apoptotic therapeutics.
TMEM232 is required for the formation of sperm flagellum and male fertility in mice
Authors: Cai Xinying , Zhang Hui , Kong Shuai , Xu Weilong , Zheng Jie , Wang Ning , He Shuai , Li Shupei , Shen Yiru , Wang Ke , Zhang Zengyunou , Cai Haijian , Ma Fang , Bai Shun , Zhu Fuxi , Xiao Fengli , Wang Fengsong
Published: November 2024

Asthenoteratozoospermia is a major cause of male infertility. Thus far, the identified related genes can explain only a small share of asthenoteratozoospermia cases, suggesting the involvement of other genes. The transmembrane protein TMEM232 is highly expressed in mouse testes. In the present study, to determine its function of TMEM232 in testes, we constructed a Tmem232-null mouse model using CRISPR–Cas9 technology. Tmem232 knockout (KO) male mice was completely infertile, and their sperm were immotile, with morphological defects of the flagellum. Electron microscopy revealed an aberrant midpiece-principal junction and the loss of the fourth outer microtubule doublet in the sperm of Tmem232−/− mice. Sperm cells presented an 8 + 2 conformation and an irregular arrangement of the mitochondrial sheath. Proteomic analysis revealed altered expression of proteins related to flagellar motility, sperm capacitation, the integrity and stability of sperm structure, especially an upregulated expression of multiple ribosome components in TMEM232-deficient spermatids. Additionally, TMEM232 was observed to be involved in autophagy by interacting with autophagy-related proteins, such as ATG14, to regulate ribosome homeostasis during spermiogenesis. These results suggest that TMEM232, as a potential scaffold protein involving in the correct assembly, distribution, and stability maintenance of certain functional complexes by recruiting key intracellular proteins, is essential for the formation of a highly structured flagellum and plays an important role in the autophagic elimination of cytosolic ribosomes to provide energy for sperm motility.
MIST1 regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced hepatic apoptosis as a candidate marker of fatty liver disease progression
Authors: Hur Sumin , Jeong Haengdueng , Kim Keunyoung , Kim Kwang H. , Kim Sung Hee , Lee Yura , Nam Ki Taek
Published: November 2024

The liver regenerates after injury; however, prolonged injury can lead to chronic inflammation, fatty liver disease, fibrosis, and cancer. The mechanism involving the complex pathogenesis of the progression of liver injury to chronic liver disease remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of gene expression associated with the progression of liver disease. We analyzed changes in gene expression over time in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced fibrosis using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Prolonged CCl4-induced liver injury increased the expression levels of genes associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR), which correlated with the duration of injury, with substantial, progressive upregulation of muscle, intestine, and stomach expression 1 (Mist1, bhlha15) in the mouse fibrosis model and other liver-damaged tissues. Knockdown of MIST1 in HepG2 cells decreased tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) levels and increased apoptosis, consistent with the patterns detected in Mist1-knockout mice. MIST1 expression was confirmed in liver tissues from patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and alcoholic steatohepatitis (MASH) and correlated with disease progression. In conclusion, MIST1 is expressed in hepatocytes in response to damage, suggesting a new indicator of liver disease progression. Our results suggest that MIST1 plays a key role in the regulation of apoptosis and TRIB3 expression contributing to progressive liver disease after injury.
The genetic mechanism of B chromosome drive in rye illuminated by chromosome-scale assembly
Authors: Chen Jianyong , Bartoš Jan , Boudichevskaia Anastassia , Voigt Anna , Rabanus-Wallace Mark Timothy , Dreissig Steven , Tulpová Zuzana , Šimková Hana , Macas Jiří , Kim Gihwan , Buhl Jonas , Bürstenbinder Katharina , Blattner Frank R. , Fuchs Jörg , Schmutzer Thomas , Himmelbach Axel , Schubert Veit , Houben Andreas
Published: November 2024

The genomes of many plants, animals, and fungi frequently comprise dispensable B chromosomes that rely upon various chromosomal drive mechanisms to counteract the tendency of non-essential genetic elements to be purged over time. The B chromosome of rye – a model system for nearly a century – undergoes targeted nondisjunction during first pollen mitosis, favouring segregation into the generative nucleus, thus increasing their numbers over generations. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. Here, using a newly-assembled, ~430 Mb-long rye B chromosome pseudomolecule, we identify five candidate genes whose role as trans-acting moderators of the chromosomal drive is supported by karyotyping, chromosome drive analysis and comparative RNA-seq. Among them, we identify DCR28, coding a microtubule-associated protein related to cell division, and detect this gene also in the B chromosome of Aegilops speltoides. The DCR28 gene family is neo-functionalised and serially-duplicated with 15 B chromosome-located copies that are uniquely highly expressed in the first pollen mitosis of rye.
VTA dopamine neurons are hyperexcitable in 3xTg-AD mice due to casein kinase 2-dependent SK channel dysfunction
Authors: Blankenship Harris E. , Carter Kelsey A. , Pham Kevin D. , Cassidy Nina T. , Markiewicz Andrea N. , Thellmann Michael I. , Sharpe Amanda L. , Freeman Willard M. , Beckstead Michael J.
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients exhibit neuropsychiatric symptoms that extend beyond classical cognitive deficits, suggesting involvement of subcortical areas. Here, we investigated the role of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons in AD using the amyloid + tau-driven 3xTg-AD mouse model. We found deficits in reward-based operant learning in AD mice, suggesting possible VTA DA neuron dysregulation. Physiological assessment revealed hyperexcitability and disrupted firing in DA neurons caused by reduced activity of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels. RNA sequencing from contents of single patch-clamped DA neurons (Patch-seq) identified up-regulation of the SK channel modulator casein kinase 2 (CK2), which we corroborated by immunohistochemical protein analysis. Pharmacological inhibition of CK2 restored SK channel activity and normal firing patterns in 3xTg-AD mice. These findings identify a mechanism of ion channel dysregulation in VTA DA neurons that could contribute to behavioral abnormalities in AD, paving the way for novel treatment strategies.
Predictive learning shapes the representational geometry of the human brain
Authors: Greco Antonino , Moser Julia , Preissl Hubert , Siegel Markus
Published: November 2024

Predictive coding theories propose that the brain constantly updates internal models to minimize prediction errors and optimize sensory processing. However, the neural mechanisms that link prediction error encoding and optimization of sensory representations remain unclear. Here, we provide evidence how predictive learning shapes the representational geometry of the human brain. We recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) in humans listening to acoustic sequences with different levels of regularity. We found that the brain aligns its representational geometry to match the statistical structure of the sensory inputs, by clustering temporally contiguous and predictable stimuli. Crucially, the magnitude of this representational shift correlates with the synergistic encoding of prediction errors in a network of high-level and sensory areas. Our findings suggest that, in response to the statistical regularities of the environment, large-scale neural interactions engaged in predictive processing modulate the representational content of sensory areas to enhance sensory processing.
Molecular signatures of cortical expansion in the human foetal brain
Authors: Ball G. , Oldham S. , Kyriakopoulou V. , Williams L. Z. J. , Karolis V. , Price A. , Hutter J. , Seal M. L. , Alexander-Bloch A. , Hajnal J. V. , Edwards A. D. , Robinson E. C. , Seidlitz J.
Published: November 2024

The third trimester of human gestation is characterised by rapid increases in brain volume and cortical surface area. Recent studies have revealed a remarkable molecular diversity across the prenatal cortex but little is known about how this diversity translates into the differential rates of cortical expansion observed during gestation. We present a digital resource, μBrain, to facilitate knowledge translation between molecular and anatomical descriptions of the prenatal brain. Using μBrain, we evaluate the molecular signatures of preferentially-expanded cortical regions, quantified in utero using magnetic resonance imaging. Our findings demonstrate a spatial coupling between areal differences in the timing of neurogenesis and rates of neocortical expansion during gestation. We identify genes, upregulated from mid-gestation, that are highly expressed in rapidly expanding neocortex and implicated in genetic disorders with cognitive sequelae. The μBrain atlas provides a tool to comprehensively map early brain development across domains, model systems and resolution scales.
Dysfunction of exhausted T cells is enforced by MCT11-mediated lactate metabolism
Authors: Peralta Ronal M. , Xie Bingxian , Lontos Konstantinos , Nieves-Rosado Hector , Spahr Kellie , Joshi Supriya , Ford B. Rhodes , Quann Kevin , Frisch Andrew T. , Dean Victoria , Philbin Mary , Cillo Anthony R. , Gingras Sebastian , Poholek Amanda C. , Kane Lawrence P. , Rivadeneira Dayana B. , Delgoffe Greg M.
Published: November 2024

CD8+ T cells are critical mediators of antitumor immunity but differentiate into a dysfunctional state, known as T cell exhaustion, after persistent T cell receptor stimulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Exhausted T (Tex) cells are characterized by upregulation of coinhibitory molecules and reduced polyfunctionality. T cells in the TME experience an immunosuppressive metabolic environment via reduced levels of nutrients and oxygen and a buildup of lactic acid. Here we show that terminally Tex cells uniquely upregulate Slc16a11, which encodes monocarboxylate transporter 11 (MCT11). Conditional deletion of MCT11 in T cells reduced lactic acid uptake by Tex cells and improved their effector function. Targeting MCT11 with an antibody reduced lactate uptake specifically in Tex cells, which, when used therapeutically in tumor-bearing mice, resulted in reduced tumor growth. These data support a model in which Tex cells upregulate MCT11, rendering them sensitive to lactic acid present at high levels in the TME.
Role of synthetic process parameters of nano-sized cobalt/nickel oxide in controlling their structural characteristics and electrochemical energy performance as supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Adel Marwa , Hassan Dina , Mohamed Marwa A. A. , Kassem Taher Salah Edin , Fetouh Howida Abouel , AbdElhafez Sara. E. , El Nady Jehan
Published: November 2024

The synthesis of nano-sized bimetallic Cobalt/Nickel oxides (Ni1.5Co1.5O4) with a 1:1 Co/Ni atomic ratio has been achieved using a surfactant-free co-precipitation/hydrothermal process. The growth mechanism of Cobalt/Nickel oxides Ni1.5Co1.5O4 is elucidated by tuning the synthesis process parameters, including co-precipitation pH and hydrothermal time. The formation of Cobalt/Nickel oxides Ni1.5Co1.5O4 oxide began with the nucleation of cobalt nickel hydroxide nanoplates through the co-precipitation process, followed by dissolution-recrystallization, stacked hexagonal nano-flakes, and a flower-like microstructure. The electrochemical performances of the oxides were evaluated, with the largest surface area observed at pH 9 being the main factor for the best super-capacitive performance. As hydrothermal time increased, the structural directing growth forward, resulted in the formation of a nano-flower structure with a larger surface area. The as-prepared cobalt nickel oxide exhibited a maximum specific capacitance value of 525.5 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 and energy and power densities of 88.2 WhKg-1 and 606 WKg-1, respectively.
Stability of immobilized L-arginine deiminase from Penicillium chrysogenum and evaluation of its anticancer activity
Authors: El-Shora Hamed M. , El-Sayyad Gharieb S. , El-Zawawy Nessma A. , Abd El-Rheem Mohamed A. , Metwally Metwally A. , Metwally Sally A.
Published: November 2024

The aim of the present work was to immobilize L-arginine deiminase on suitable supports such as chitosan, alginate, and silica gel to study its stability. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the anticancer effects of the free purified enzyme on hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. L-arginine deiminase (ADI: EC 3.5.3.6) was immobilized on chitosan, Ca-alginate, and silica gel, with immobilization efficiencies of 89.0%, 72.8%, and 66.5%, respectively. The optimal immobilization time for the highest efficiency was 4 h. Increasing the concentration of glutaraldehyde improved the immobilization efficiency of ADI on chitosan. The chitosan-immobilized ADI retained about 45% of its activity after 8 cycles. The optimal pH values were 6 for the free purified ADI and 7 for the chitosan-immobilized ADI. The optimal temperature increased from 40 °C for the free enzyme to 45 °C after immobilization. The activation energies for the free and chitosan-immobilized enzymes were 71.335 kJ/mol and 64.011 kJ/mol, respectively. The Km values for the free and chitosan-immobilized ADI were 0.76 mM and 0.77 mM, respectively, while the Vmax values were 80.0 U/mg protein for the free ADI and 71.4 U/mg protein for the chitosan-immobilized ADI. After 30 days of storage at 4 °C, the residual activities were 40% for the free purified ADI and 84% for the chitosan-immobilized ADI. At 25 °C, the residual activities were 10% for the free ADI and 75% for the chitosan-immobilized ADI. The chitosan-immobilized ADI exhibited significantly higher stability against proteases such as pepsin and trypsin compared to the free enzyme. The purified ADI also demonstrated enhanced potential anticancer effects and significant cytotoxicity against the Hep-G2 and MCF-7 tumor cell lines compared to doxorubicin. These findings suggest that purified ADI has potential as an anticancer agent, though further in-depth studies are required.
Protective effects of a lactobacilli mixture against Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology triggered by Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Kazemi Niloofar , Khorasgani Mohammad Rabbani , Noorbakhshnia Maryam , Razavi Seyed Mohammad , Narimani Tahmineh , Naghsh Narges
Published: November 2024

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is one of the pathogens involved in gingival inflammation, which may trigger neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate the protective (preventive and treatment) effects of a lactobacilli mixture combining Lactobacillus reuteri PTCC1655, Lactobacillus brevis CD0817, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PTCC1637, and Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC1058 against P. gingivalis-induced gingival inflammation and AD-like pathology in rats. These probiotic strains exhibited cognitive enhancement effects, but this study proposed to assess their activity in a mixture. To propose a probable mechanism for P. gingivalis cognitive impairments, the TEs balance were analyzed in hippocampus and cortex tissues. Animals were divided into five groups: the control, lactobacilli, P. gingivalis, lactobacilli + P. gingivalis (prevention), and P. gingivalis + lactobacilli group (treatment) groups. The behavioral and histopathological changes were compared among them. Finally, The Trace elements (TEs) levels in the hippocampus and cortex tissues were analyzed. The palatal tissue sections of the P. gingivalis infected rats showed moderate inflammation with dense infiltration of inflammatory cells, a limited area of tissue edema, and vascular congestion. Additionally, passive avoidance learning and spatial memory were impaired. Histopathological tests revealed the presence of Aβ-positive cells in the P. gingivalis group. While the Aβ-positive cells decreased in the treatment group, their formation was inhibited in the preventive group. Administration of a mixture of lactobacilli (orally) effectively mitigated the gingival inflammation, Aβ production, and improved learning and memory functions. Moreover, Zn, Cu, and Mn levels in the hippocampus were dramatically elevated by P. gingivalis infection, whereas lactobacilli mixture mitigated these disruptive effects. The lactobacilli mixture significantly prevented the disruptive effects of P. gingivalis on gingival and brain tissues in rats. Therefore, new formulated combination of lactobacilli may be a good candidate for inhibiting the P. gingivalis infection and its subsequent cognitive effects. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of a lactobacilli mixture to manage the disruptive effects of P. gingivalis infection on memory.
The mediating effect of social intelligence in the association between social anxiety and mental health among Chinese nursing students
Authors: Bai Qiangwei , Cui Zhenti , Hou Rui , Wang Jingjing
Published: November 2024

Social anxiety is highly prevalent among nursing students and is associated with poor mental health. However, the underlying mechanism in such an association remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the potential mediating role of social intelligence in the association between social anxiety and mental health using the Stress-Coping Model (SCM) as the theoretical framework. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 748 nursing students recruited from a Chinese University from December 2022 to March 2023. Students completed an online questionnaire to assess their social anxiety, social intelligence, and mental health. The PROCESS SPSS Macro (model 4) was used to test the mediation effect of social intelligence on the association between social anxiety and mental health. The results showed that nursing students had moderate levels of social anxiety, social intelligence, and mental health, which varied according to their profile characteristics. Social anxiety was negatively associated with mental health, and the association was partially mediated by social intelligence. Our study offers fresh insights into the impact of social anxiety on mental health and sheds light on the intricate mediating role of social intelligence. These findings offer valuable insights for research and clinical endeavors aimed at formulating psychosocial interventions to enhance the mental health of nursing students.
Pupillary manifolds: uncovering the latent geometrical structures behind phasic changes in pupil size
Authors: Blini Elvio , Arrighi Roberto , Anobile Giovanni
Published: November 2024

The size of the pupils reflects directly the balance of different branches of the autonomic nervous system. This measure is inexpensive, non-invasive, and has provided invaluable insights on a wide range of mental processes, from attention to emotion and executive functions. Two outstanding limitations of current pupillometry research are the lack of consensus in the analytical approaches, which vary wildly across research groups and disciplines, and the fact that, unlike other neuroimaging techniques, pupillometry lacks the dimensionality to shed light on the different sources of the observed effects. In other words, pupillometry provides an integrated readout of several distinct networks, but it is unclear whether each has a specific fingerprint, stemming from its function or physiological substrate. Here we show that phasic changes in pupil size are inherently low-dimensional, with modes that are highly consistent across behavioral tasks of very different nature, suggesting that these changes occur along pupillary manifolds that are highly constrained by the underlying physiological structures rather than functions. These results provide not only a unified approach to analyze pupillary data, but also the opportunity for physiology and psychology to refer to the same processes by tracing the sources of the reported changes in pupil size in the underlying biology.
Rapid identification of P–C bonds in phosphorus–carbon anode materials
Authors: Ye Yadong , Xiao Qiang , Xie Huanyu , Jin Hongchang , Ji Hengxing
Published: November 2024

This work presents a simple, rapid, and convenient spectroscopic analysis method for characterizing the bonding state in phosphorus-carbon composites.
Mild boroxazolidone formation and dissociation: application toward target identification of bioactive molecules
Authors: Tabei Toya , Nakagawa-Goto Kyoko , Saito Yohei
Published: November 2024

Developing mild boroxazoridone formation and dissociation enabled the capture and release of target proteins of bioactive molecules.
Investigation of the hypoglycemic bioactive components of Phyllanthi Fructus through biological assessment combined with ultrafiltration affinity mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Yu Qiang , Tan Peng , Tian Shimin , Lin Junzhi , Li Mengqi , Han Li , Huang Haozhou , Zhang Dingkun
Published: November 2024

An in vitro biological evaluation method for the hypoglycemic activity of PF related to in vivo activity was established for the first time. 8 α-glucosidase inhibitors were found by UF-LC-MS, molecular docking and enzyme activity studies.
High-efficiency leaching of valuable metals from waste lithium-ion ternary batteries under mild conditions using green deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Li Bo , Li Chengping , Wang Jinsong , Wan Rundong , Chen Jiangzhao , Liu Ying , Zhang Zhengfu , Bin Yuejing , Yang Xiaoping , Bao Chongjun , Ju Shaohua
Published: November 2024

This work introduces a novel environmentally friendly and biodegradable deep eutectic solvent for High-leaching valuable metals from waste LIBs, which includes VC derived from fruits and DMSP derived from fish attractants.
Enhancing photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells through core alteration of methyl-substituted bithiophene-based small molecule acceptors
Authors: Bora Smiti Rani , Kalita Dhruba Jyoti
Published: November 2024

In organic solar cells (OSCs), acceptors have emerged as a significant class of photoactive materials.
Electrochemical chiral recognition of tryptophan enantiomers by using chiral polyaniline and β-CD-MOF
Authors: Liang Jiamin , Song Yuxin , Xing Huan , Ma Liang , Wang Fengxia , Zhang Mingfang , Zhang Hongli , Zou Gang , Yang Guang
Published: November 2024

A electrochemical sensor for the chiral recognition of Trp based on chiral polyaniline (D-PANI) and β-CD-MOF was designed. It displayed higher affinity of L-Trp, and the oxidation peak current ratio (IL/ID) of DPV could be reached at 2.26.
Ultra-low noise measurements of ionic transport within individual single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Bsawmaii Laure , Delacou Clément , Kotok Valerii , Méance Sébastien , Saada Koutayba , Kribeche M. Amine , Tahir Saïd , Roblin Christophe , Louiset Antonin , Okuno Hanako , Manghi Manoel , Palmeri John , Henn François , Noury Adrien , Jourdain Vincent
Published: November 2024

Nanofluidic devices incorporating an individual single-walled carbon nanotube, which achieve a 1–3 orders of magnitude noise reduction over conventional devices, were fabricated using high dielectric constant materials.
Contactless manufacturing of TERS-active AFM tips by bipolar electrodeposition
Authors: Huang Yuhan , Talaga David , Salinas Gerardo , Garrigue Patrick , Cooney Gary S. , Reculusa Stéphane , Kuhn Alexander , Bonhommeau Sébastien , Bouffier Laurent
Published: November 2024

Wireless electrochemistry is used for the parallel fabrication of gold-coated AFM tips with high reproducibility to enable nanoscale TERS imaging.
Preceramic polymer-hybridized phenolic aerogels and the derived ZrC/SiC/C ceramic aerogels with ultrafine nanocrystallines
Authors: Nie Ding , Zhong Hangyu , Hu Hongli , Luo Zhenhua , Zhang Bo-xing
Published: November 2024

This work provides a facile approach to fabricate hybrid phenolic aerogels and derived ZrC/SiC/C ceramic aerogels, which target on applications for extreme environments in aerospace field.
Enantioselective dearomative formal (3+3) cycloadditions of bicyclobutanes with aromatic azomethine imines: access to fused 2,3-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes
Authors: Yang Xue-Chun , Wu Feng , Wu Wen-Biao , Zhang Xu , Feng Jian-Jun
Published: November 2024

We present the first enantioselective dearomative (3+3) cycloadditions of bicyclobutanes (BCBs) utilizing a chiral Lewis acid catalyst and bidentate chelating BCB substrates.
Biocompatible luminescent Ce3+-sensitized SrF2:Tb3+ for anticounterfeiting and forensic fingerprint detection
Authors: Yengkhom Dhanapriya Devi , Oinam Henasurkishore , Thongbram Silvia , Singh Rajkumar Sunil , Singh Naorem Shanta , Yaiphaba Ningombam
Published: November 2024

SrF2:5% Tb3+, 5% Ce3+ nanophosphors are promising for biological and anticounterfeiting applications.
Quantification of microplastic targets in environmental matrices using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Peel Rebecca H. , Lloyd Charlotte E. M. , Roberts Stephen J. , Naafs B. D. A. , Bull Ian D.
Published: November 2024

Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is an effective technique for assessing microplastic pollution. Here we present the development of a protocol to determine the amount of some common microplastics in complex environmental samples.
The uncharacterized protein ZNF200 interacts with PRMT3 and aids its stability and nuclear translocation
Authors: Gupta Somlee , Verma Mamta , Kadumuri Rajashekar Varma , Chutani Namita , Khan Mohd. Imran K. , Chavali Sreenivas , Dhayalan Arunkumar
Published: November 2024

Protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3), a type I arginine methyltransferase is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm and regulates different cellular functions. Nevertheless, PRMT3 also exhibits regulatory functions in the nucleus by interacting with the liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) and catalyzes asymmetric dimethylation modifications at arginine 3 of histone 4 (H4R3me2a). However, very little is known about the regulation of the versatile global regulator PRMT3 and how PRMT3 is translocated to the nucleus. In this study, we identified ZNF200, a hitherto uncharacterized protein, as a potential binding partner of PRMT3 through yeast two-hybrid screening. We confirmed the interaction of PRMT3 with ZNF200 using immunoprecipitation and in vitro pull-down experiments. GST pull-down experiments and molecular docking studies revealed that the N-terminal zinc finger domain of PRMT3 binds to the C-terminal zinc finger regions of ZNF200. Furthermore, the evolutionary conservation of the Znf domain of PRMT3 correlates with the emergence of ZNF200 in mammals. We found that ZNF200 stabilizes PRMT3 by inhibiting its proteasomal degradation. ZNF200, a nuclear-predominant protein, promotes the nuclear translocation of PRMT3, leading to the global increase of H4R3me2a modifications. These findings imply that ZNF200 is a critical regulator of the steady-state levels and nuclear and epigenetic functions of PRMT3.
Support Vector Machines Based Mutual Interference Mitigation for Millimeter‐Wave Radars
Authors: Yin Mingye , Feng Bo , Yu Jizhou , Li Liya , Li Yanbing
Published: November 2024

With the intelligent development of vehicles, the number of vehicles equipped with millimeter‐wave (mmWave) radars is increasing, and the possibility of interference between radars is rising dramatically. In automatic driving, it will be common for target detection to be affected by multiple interfering radars. Addressing the mutual interference challenges, an adaptive interference detection method based on support vector machines (SVMs) is proposed. First, a window selection is performed on the received signal and features describing the difference between the normal signal and the interference are extracted. Then, we use a nonlinear SVM to distinguish between the interference and the normal signal. After completing the localization of the interference, we use an autoregressive (AR) prediction model to reconstruct the target echo signal. Results from both multiple interference simulation scenarios and real experimental scenarios show that the accuracy of interference localization and the effect of interference mitigation of the proposed method outperforms the mainstream methods.
Efficient transformer tracking with adaptive attention
Authors: Xiao Dingkun , Wei Zhenzhong , Zhang Guangjun
Published: November 2024

Recently, several trackers utilising Transformer architecture have shown significant performance improvement. However, the high computational cost of multi‐head attention, a core component in the Transformer, has limited real‐time running speed, which is crucial for tracking tasks. Additionally, the global mechanism of multi‐head attention makes it susceptible to distractors with similar semantic information to the target. To address these issues, the authors propose a novel adaptive attention that enhances features through the spatial sparse attention mechanism with less than 1/4 of the computational complexity of multi‐head attention. Our adaptive attention sets a perception range around each element in the feature map based on the target scale in the previous tracking result and adaptively searches for the information of interest. This allows the module to focus on the target region rather than background distractors. Based on adaptive attention, the authors build an efficient transformer tracking framework. It can perform deep interaction between search and template features to activate target information and aggregate multi‐level interaction features to enhance the representation ability. The evaluation results on seven benchmarks show that the authors’ tracker achieves outstanding performance with a speed of 43 fps and significant advantages in hard circumstances.
The cosmological analysis of X-ray cluster surveys
Authors: Kosiba M. , Cerardi N. , Pierre M. , Lanusse F. , Garrel C. , Werner N. , Shalak M.
Published: November 2024

Context. The number density of galaxy clusters across mass and redshift has been established as a powerful cosmological probe, yielding important information on the matter components of the Universe. Cosmological analyses with galaxy clusters traditionally employ scaling relations, which are empirical relationships between cluster masses and their observable properties. However, many challenges arise from this approach as the scaling relations are highly scattered, maybe ill-calibrated, depend on the cosmology, and contain many nuisance parameters with low physical significance.

Aims. For this paper, we used a simulation-based inference method utilizing artificial neural networks to optimally extract cosmological information from a shallow X-ray survey, solely using count rates, hardness ratios, and redshifts. This procedure enabled us to conduct likelihood-free inference of cosmological parameters Ωm and σ8.

Methods. To achieve this, we analytically generated several datasets of 70 000 cluster samples with totally random combinations of cosmological and scaling relation parameters. Each sample in our simulation is represented by its galaxy cluster distribution in a count rate (CR) and hardness ratio (HR) space in multiple redshift bins. We trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to retrieve the cosmological parameters from these distributions. We then used neural density estimation (NDE) neural networks to predict the posterior probability distribution of Ωm and σ8 given an input galaxy cluster sample.

Results. Using the survey area as a proxy for the number of clusters detected for fixed cosmological and astrophysical parameters, and hence of the Poissonian noise, we analyze various survey sizes. The 1σ errors of our density estimator on one of the target testing simulations are 1000 deg2, 15.2% for Ωm and 10.0% for σ8; and 10 000 deg2, 9.6% for Ωm and 5.6% for σ8. We also compare our results with a traditional Fisher analysis and explore the effect of an additional constraint on the redshift distribution of the simulated samples.

Conclusions. We demonstrate, as a proof of concept, that it is possible to calculate cosmological predictions of Ωm and σ8 from a galaxy cluster population without explicitly computing cluster masses and even the scaling relation coefficients, thus avoiding potential biases resulting from such a procedure.
Effect of Sterilization Methods on the Morphological, Molecular, and Biocompatibility Characteristics of Nanofibrous PEEK Layers
Authors: Ivanovich Vatin Nikolai , Satyanarayana G.V.V. , Anil Kalluri , Singh Negi Anup , Sharma Nittin , Brar Manvinder , Sharma Diksha
Published: November 2024

In this work, the polyether ether ketone (PEEK) nanofibrous layers and their sterilized methods influence on molecular properties, structural properties, and biocompatibility have been discussed.Some instrument employed were gamma radiation, ultraviolet light, Ethylene oxide (EtOx) and an autoclave to sterilised the layers developed through melt-electrospinning process.umber of instruments used such as gamma radiation, ultraviolet light, ethylene oxide (EtOx), and an autoclave was used to sterilise the layers prepared via melt-electrospinning process. The SEM result unveiled that the sterilization processes changed the fibre form slightly as well as the diameter which was modified slightly as well.However, the sterilization processes did not alter the molecular weight of PEEK fibers, as far as GPC study was concerned.d biocompatibility has been explored. A number of instruments used such as gamma radiation, ultraviolet light, ethylene oxide (EtOx), and an autoclave was used to sterilise the layers prepared via melt-electrospinning process. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the sterilization processes slightly altered the fiber’s form along with small variations in diameter. While, the sterilization processes did not achanged the molecular weight of PEEK fibers, according to gel permeation chromatography (GPC) research. In addition, the murine fibroblasts (3T3) were assessed for in vitro biocompatibility using MTT test. While cell adhesion and proliferation rate were the same across all the layers in the sterile control sample, the UV-sterilized material significantly reduced the level of cell viability. Consequently, the employed methods, namely the autoclave, EtOx, and gamma radiation were determined to be efficient to sterilise PEEK nanofibrous layers. However, solar radiation with the method may also reduce their biocompatibility.
Performance Evaluation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced with Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Nerella Mary Jasmin , Kumar Rajesh , L. Girisha , Vinoth R. , Ram S. , Thakur Gaurav , Verma Anjali
Published: November 2024

This research worked on the mechanical properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) for applications in 3D printing. Carbon fiber reinforcement was incorporated into PETG and pellets as the base material. Tensile and compression tests were conducted on Carbon fiber-reinforced PETG and PETG to appraise the respective mechanical strength and stiffness. The results of these test coupled with comparisons between the two materials, provided valuable insights into the performances and potential application of Carbon fiber-reinforced PETG in additive manufacturing. The research contributed to understanding Carbon Fiber Reinforced PETG’s mechanical behavior, decisive for engineering applications. The highest tensile strength recorded for Carbon Fiber PETG was 38.51 MPa, achieved in sample 7 by infill density of 100%, a layer height of 0.30mm, and a printing speed of 40mm/s. The highest compression strength recorded for normal PETG was 52.29 MPa, observed in sample 8. under different parameters infill density of 100%, a layer height of 0.18mm, and a printing speed of 60mm/s.
Antimicrobial Properties of Ion-Modified Zeolite Composites: A Study on Biofilm Inhibition and Bacterial Cell Viability
Authors: Varma Vegiraju Naresh Kumar , Kothapally Thangamani , Dhyani Manoj , Thakur Rahul , Choudhary Sunila , Gauri
Published: November 2024

This work investigates the antibacterial efficacy of zeolite composites by using combinations of zinc, manganese, and magnesium ions at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. Our assessment of the antibacterial effectiveness was conducted by biofilm inhibition, insitu bacterial colonization, and ion-release tests. The results indicated that the liberation of zinc ions increased from 1.5 parts per million (ppm) at a concentration of 1% to 6.0 ppm at a concentration of 4%. Furthermore, the liberation of manganese ions varied between 2.0 ppm and 6.7 ppm, whereas that of magnesium ions ranged from 1.8 ppm to 5.5 ppm. The biofilm inhibition, as shown by OD570 values, decreased dramatically from 0.85 at 1% to 0.40 at a concentration of 4%. Bacterial viability tests revealed that at a 1% ion concentration, the proportion of damaged cells rose to 60%, while the proportion of viable cells decreased from 70% to 40%. Furthermore, these results indicate that higher ion concentration amplifies the antibacterial activity of the composites, making them very efficient in inhibiting biofilms and deactivating microorganisms. Conclusions of the research suggest that ion-modified zeolite composites might be advantageous for antimicrobial applications in various environments prone to microbial contamination.
Bioinspired Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles for Enhanced Anti-Cancer Activity and Cell Viability Studies
Authors: Prashanthi Bh. , Singh Rajat , Makhija Himanshu , Bhardwaj Nitin , Verma Raman , Soni Himanshi
Published: November 2024

Gold nanoparticles, or AuNPs, have garnered significant attention in biomedical research, especially in cancer therapy, due to their unique physicochemical properties. This work discusses the bioinspired production of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. This research conducted the synthesis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the synthesized nanoparticles. These approaches were used to characterize the nanoparticles’ dimensions, morphology, stability, and functional groups. At a wavelength of 532 nm, the nanoparticles, averaging 18 ± 3 nm in size, exhibited a pronounced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak, indicating the efficacy of the manufacturing method. Cell viability assessments performed using HeLa (a cervical cancer cell type), MCF-7 (a breast cancer cell model), and WI-38 (a healthy fibroblast cell model) demonstrated a concentration-dependent reduction in cancer cell viability, with little impact on healthy cells. At a concentration of 100 µg/mL of AuNPs, the viability of HeLa and MCF-7 cells decreased to 35.2% and 41.7%, respectively. The viability of WI-38 cells was maintained at 83.4%. The analysis of apoptosis revealed that the AuNPs induced apoptosis in cancer cells. The early and late apoptosis rates in HeLa cells were 35.4% and 45.8%, respectively, but in MCF-7 cells, they were 32.5% and 42.1%. The therapeutic efficacy of the nanoparticles was significantly enhanced by the bioactive compounds isolated from the plant. The eco-friendly synthesis method used in this study not only provides a sustainable means for nanoparticle production but also enhances the potential for their application in anti-cancer therapies. The therapeutic applications of these bioinspired AuNPs will be further explored via in vivo tests, which will be the emphasis of next research.
Structural, Magnetic, and Catalytic traits of Nickel Ferrite: A review
Authors: Soni Himanshi , Acevedo Roberto , Obad S. , Kumar Bharat
Published: November 2024

Ferrites are classified as a remarkable category of materials recognized for their extensive range of applications. Within the realm of ferrites, spinel ferrites are considered promising soft magnetic materials, exhibiting exceptional characteristics such as appropriate band gap, significant coercivity, elevated saturation magnetization, and enhanced thermal and electrical traits. Specifically, Nickel ferrites, which are categorized as spinel ferrites, constitute a type of magnetic materials that have attracted significant attention owing to their remarkable traits. This is the highly magnetic substance that demonstrates outstanding electrical, magnetic, and optical, and catalytic properties. Nickel ferrite has garnered extensive importance because of its wide- ranging applications, which include medical therapies, electronic devices, attenuation of electromagnetic waves, and as catalysts for the water purification. This prominence can be ascribed to its advantageous attributes, including elevated permeability, resistivity, and saturation magnetization. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent research on nickel ferrites. There are four sections in this study. The first provides an introduction to spinel ferrites, including their structure. The subsequent section concentrates specifically on classification, and nickel ferrite. The third section critically examines research pertaining to various doping in nickel spinel ferrites, with the objective of augmenting their intrinsic properties. The final section discusses the structural, magnetic, and catalytic traits of NiFe2O4.