bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Germinación de Echinocereus pectinatus (cactácea) mediante tratamientos de escarificación a diferente concentración de ácido sulfúrico
Authors: Díaz Baca María Laura , Zuñiga Rodríguez Erick , Rivas Lucero Bertha Alicia , Morales Morales Hugo Armando , Márquez Fierro Walter Alberto
Published: January 2021

Echinocereus pectinatus es una cactácea endémica de México, considerada como especie en peligro de extinción por su recolecta ilegal y dificultad de propagación y reproducción. Nuestro país, es uno de los que cuentan con una importante superficie en la cual la precipitación es menor de 300 mm en promedio anual, estimándose que la superficie supera el 40% del territorio Nacional. La presente investigación se realizó a partir de la conciencia ética de protección y multiplicación de especies de zonas áridas en riesgo con el propósito de proteger este material genético para continuar con la protección de la diversidad de la flora chihuahuense, teniendo como objetivo elevar el porciento de germinación de la semilla de Echinocereus pectinatus, utilizando procesos de escarificación a base de ácido sulfúrico (concentraciones del 10, 15, 20, 25, 30%). No se detectó diferencia estadística significativa entre tratamientos para la germinación de la semilla de esta especie de cactácea; sin embargo, se obtuvo información valiosa para explorar espacios en la concentración de ácido sulfúrico entre 10 y 20% en el rompimiento de la latencia, observándose una tendencia en la elevación del porcentaje de germinación en el rango de estos tratamientos referidos a la concentración de ácido sulfúrico. Se concluyó con base en los resultados y la literatura revisada en varias especies vegetales de zonas áridas, que los mejores resultados de germinación por escarificación ocurren en tratamientos menores a 20% de ácido sulfúrico.
Percepción ambiental de los productores del Ejido López Mateos, Municipio de Sayula de Alemán
Authors: Martínez Martínez Marina , Carlin Bautista Isabel , Castillo Capitán Guadalupe , González Rodríguez Eduwiges , Alvarado G´ómez Luis Carlos
Published: January 2021

En el presenta trabajo se muestran los resultados del estudio sobre los problemas ambientales generados por el uso excesivo de plaguicidas en la actividad agrícola, lo que trae como consecuencia la generación de envases vacíos. Estos envases requieren de un manejo correcto, un destino final preciso y controlado porque son una fuente de contaminación o riesgo tóxico para el ser humano y el medio ambiente.

La generación de envases de agroquímicos trae consigo ciertos riesgos, pero pueden ser casi nulos mediante una adecuada gestión de los envases en desuso; aunque la realidad indica que la mayor parte de los productores realiza un inadecuado manejo, ocasionado por ausencia de normas ambientales, falta de políticas públicas sobre este tipo de basura toxica y falta de información sobre cómo realizar el manejo correctamente, así como de las consecuencias perjudiciales que provoca en la salud humana y el medio ambiente.

Los principales problemas que se observan en las regiones agrícolas en la actualidad es el abandono de los envases vacíos de plaguicidas en los campos donde cultivan. Algunas prácticas comunes son las siguientes: enterrarlos, quemarlos o reutilizarlos. Sin embargo ninguno de estos métodos son acordes con el cuidado del medio ambiente ni responden  a los protocolos internacionales de producción que resguardan la calidad, inocuidad de los alimentos y la salud del trabajador.

Para atender este problema se realizó un estudio los productores de la comunidad de Adolfo López Mateos, perteneciente al municipio de Sayula de Alemán. A través de una encuesta aplicada a productores del sector agropecuario, se identificaron las prácticas que realizan con los envases vacíos. Los resultados fueron que tiran los envases vacíos a la superficie donde cultivan, porque desconocen qué hacer con ellos. Sin embargo, están dispuestos a capacitarse sobre la técnica de triple lavado. Los resultados permitieron conocer las formas de percepción y cuidados del medio ambiente.

Finalmente se propuso la técnica de triple lavado como una alternativa para mejorar el cuidado del entorno, de tal manera que se pueda contribuir a reducir el consumo de plaguicidas y en su caso de envases vacíos. Así como aprender sobre el uso que se le puede dar a los envases vacíos de plaguicidas, ya que actualmente son unos de los principales problemas en el campo.
Presencia de Coccotrypes rhizophorae (Curculionidae) en propágulos de Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) en el manglar de Sontecomapan, Catemaco, Veracruz, México
Authors: Carmona Díaz Gustavo , Hernández Carmona Saúl , Retureta Aponte Alejandro , Hernández Romero Ángel Héctor , Millán Betancourt Christian Leticia
Published: January 2021

Rhizophora mangle es una especie abundante en el manglar de Sontecomapan. Sus individuos presentan el parásito Coccotrypes rhizophorae, perforador de corteza en los propágulos y corteza de R. mangle. Se determinó la abundancia de larvas, juveniles y adultos de C. rhizophorae en propágulos antes de ser dispersados en época de lluvias. El estudio se hizo en el sitio Ramsar 1342 “Manglares y Humedales de la Laguna de Sontecomapan”. A cada propágulo recolectado se le midió la longitud y diámetro medio del hipocótilo, y se determinó la abundancia del parásito en fase de larva, juvenil y adulto. Se encontró diferencia significativa en la abundancia de larvas y adultos de C. rhizophorae en propágulos predispersión en época de lluvias, siendo ausente la fase juvenil. No se encontró tendencia positiva al correlacionar la abundancia de C. rhizophorae en sus tres fases de desarrollo con la longitud y diámetro de los propágulos. Los resultados sugieren que los propágulos predispersión en la época de lluvias son más vulnerables para establecerse y desarrollarse al presentar mayor abundancia de C. rhizophorae.
Propagación In Vitro de Platicerium andinum Baker a partir de esporas
Authors: Ruíz Ríos Astriht , Díaz Montes Geyden , Gutiérrez Ruíz Astrid Domy
Published: January 2021

Los bosques del departamento de San Martin, hábitat de Platycerium andinum B. viene siendo destruido de manera desmesurada, ocasionado por actividades antropogénicas, lo que ha conducido a la pérdida de la especie en su habitad natural, sumándose a ello la extracción por su exuberante belleza para su comercialización como planta ornamental, asimismo sus esporas son difíciles de germinar en condiciones naturales, además, no se cuenta con una metodología para la propagación in vitro de esta especie. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la concentración adecuada de hipoclorito de sodio para la obtención de esporas de P. andinum libre de patógenos y evaluar tres medios de cultivo para determinar el medio más adecuado para la propagación de gametofitos. Las esporas fueron obtenidas de frondas fértiles de plantas adultas haciendo un raspado de estas. La germinación de las esporas fue evaluada a partir de los 10 días, tiempo en el cual comenzaron a germinar y a los 30 días ya se tenía abundante tejido gametofitico; se evaluó a través del Índice de Germinación de las esporas (IG) utilizando la escala de abundancia-cobertura de Braun-Blanquet llegando a los 60 días a la escala 5 (cualquier número de gametofitos con cobertura mayor de 75%). En cuanto a la determinación del mejor medio de cultivo para la propagación in vitro de gametofitos se trabajó con tres medios MSB (T1, T2 y T3) con aditivos de 0.4 ml. de thiamina, 0.5 de ácido nicotínico, 2 gramos de carbón activado y 20 gramos de sacarosa; con 100 ml de agua de coco en T2, y 200 ml en T3, obteniéndose como mejor resultado al tratamiento T1: (M y S Basal, con adición de 0.4 ml. de thiamina, 0.5 de ácido nicotínico, 2 gramos de carbón activado y 20 gramos de sacarosa).
Uso de extracto chayote (Sechium edule Jacq. Sw.) o harina de frijol de soya (Glycine max L.) como medios de cultivo para Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel
Authors: Zetina Córdoba Pedro , Llarena Hernández Régulo Carlos , Dávila Lezama María del Rosario , Navarro Hernández Ana María del Pilar , Rojas Avelizapa Luz Irene
Published: January 2021

México hace una década ocupaba el décimo octavo lugar en la producción de hongos comestibles a nivel mundial. En nuestro país se cultivan principalmente las especies de P. pulmonarius y P. ostreatus, a partir de cepas comerciales introducidas. Su cultivo representa una importancia socioeconómica que favorece a muchas familias, se considera un alimento de alto valor nutricional. Su producción natural es fácil y económico ya que se desarrollan en una gran variedad de sustratos lignocelulósicos. De forma artificial su producción es sencillas de cultivar, ya que mediante un sustrato formulado se reemplaza el sustrato natural donde la especie crece. Sin embargo los costos de los medios de cultivo para la producción de micelio son relativamente altos. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de esta investigación se centró en evaluar la eficiencia de dos medios de cultivo hechos a base de los vegetales (Sechium edule y Glycine max) utilizados como medios alternativos para la obtención de micelio de Pleurotus pulmonarius. Como resultado se obtuvo que el medio de chayote, cumple con los requerimientos nutricionales de Pleurotus, por lo que este alcanzó un desarrollo óptimo, en contraste con el testigo.
HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL E DOENÇA ARTERIAL PERIFÉRICA
Authors:   Setor de Cardiopatia Hipertensiva da Disciplina de Cardiologiada Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Nogueira Bombig Maria Teresa , Focaccia Póvoa Fernando ,   Setor de Cardiopatia Hipertensiva da Disciplina de Cardiologiada Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Póvoa Rui ,   Setor de Cardiopatia Hipertensiva da Disciplina de Cardiologiada Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil
Published: January 2021

A hipertensão arterial é o fator mais potente no desenvolvimento da doença vascular aterosclerótica e um fator de risco importante para a doença arterial periférica (DAP) e suas complicações. A DAP é resultante do bloqueio das artérias que fornecem sangue aos membros inferiores, em geral secundário à aterosclerose. Destaca-se o aumento de casos de pacientes com DAP, juntamente com o crescimento da expectativa de vida, variando quantitativamente conforme o sexo e a comorbidade já em curso, tais como: hipertensão, diabetes, tabagismo; dislipidemia, idade, dentre outros. A maioria dos pacientes com DAP são assintomáticos ou não apresenta o sintoma mais presente: claudicação intermitente, mas quando sintomáticos estes podem referir dor, desconforto, queimação ou câimbra em membros inferiores. Para diagnóstico da DAP encontra-se como mais referenciado o índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB) com Doppler, mas também formas de se identificar a doença, por meio da angiotomografia, angioressonância magnética, arteriografia por punção direta, além do exame físico minuncioso, este sim imprescindível. A redução da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) reduz eventos cardiovasculares e a meta atual para tratamento na DAP é de PA ≤ 140×90 mmHg (em diabéticos, considerar PA diastólica ≤ 85 mmHg). A terapia anti-hipertensiva deve ser administrada a pacientes com hipertensão e DAP para reduzir o risco de IM, AVC, insuficiência cardíaca e morte cardiovascular. O uso de inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina (IECA) ou bloqueadores dos receptores da angiotensina (BRA) são eficazes neste propósito e são drogas de escolha na hipertensão. Não há contra indicação aos betabloqueadores nestes pacientes. A cessação do tabagismo,exercícios, terapia com estatinas, terapia antiplaquetária com aspirina ou clopidogrel e, possivelmente, cilostazol em pacientes sem história de insuficiência cardíaca controlam parte dos fatores de risco, auxiliando assim a continuidade da assistência ao paciente com DAP quando da necessidade de angioplastia com stent, uso de balão arterial, cirurgia de by-pass, além da revascularização endovascular.
OBSTACLE DETECTION AND ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED PERSONS
Authors: MISHRA PRATEEK , PAL RAJ KISHOR , KUSHWAHA SHIVOM , SRIVASTAVA TUSHAR , SHARMA SURESH
Published: January 2021

In This Paper we present a real time domain obstacle detection system for the visually impaired persons to improve their mobility in daily life with the help of obstacle detection sensor installed in their walking stick .System is having a lower cost so it is easily purchasable so it can have a major significance in life of visually impaired persons. This Paper proposes a system to detect any object attached to the floor regardless to their height [1]. Obstacle on the floor in the front of user can be reliably detected in real time using the proposed system implemented by the IR sensor installed on the walk stick of the visually impaired person. Project also contains a navigation system for visually impaired persons to make the life of such persons easier up to some extent. This project is suited for the area where the possibility of blind person is high (like blind school, college)[6]. For transport facility of blind we have first decided the common bus roots of blind then we have placed RF tag to all those buses with unique code. At the second side we have placed RF reader, microcontroller and voice processor. The RF reader receive unique code, microcontroller process this code with defined code, if match found, voice processor get activated and starts speaking bus name, initial destination and final destination. The obstacle detection is also included in the project with voice. The system aims at increasing the mobility of visually impaired people by offering new sensing abilities.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EMBEDDED MEDIA PLAYER BASED ON S3C2440
Authors: Sowmya V. , Vasumathi G. , Prasad Dr.S.Siva
Published: January 2021

This project proposes a method of understanding and implementing a light weighted media player using SDL based FFMPEG media player library on a SOC based board running on ARM9 hardware with LINUX as the target OS i.e., S3C2440 (also called as mini 2440) as core processor and select 1GB NandFlash as external memory. At the same time SD and USB interface are used for extending the storage. The most notable parts of FFMPEG are libavcodec, an audio/video codec, libavformat, an audio/video container mux and demux library, and the ffmpeg command line program for encoding and decoding multimedia files. In the software, initially the configured and optimized Linux operating system is transplanted to S3C2440, SDL library functions are used to design the player’s interface and use SDL_FFMPEG library to decode the video files. The proposed media player is reduced in the memory size to work for specific usage for given file formats and on predefined platform. Expected play effect of video and picture files can be achieved after software and hardware debugging. Results shows that this system has a lot of advantages of simple structure, small size, low power consumption, low cost and stable.
AN FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF MODIFIED DECISION BASED UNSYMMETRICAL TRIMMED MEDIAN FILTER FOR THE REMOVAL OF SALT AND PEPPER NOISE IN DIGITAL IMAGES
Authors: BETHINA CHAITANYA , PREMKUMAR M.
Published: January 2021

A modified decision based unsymmetrical trimmed median filter algorithm for the restoration of gray scale, and color images that are highly corrupted by salt and pepper noise is proposed in this paper. Images are often corrupted by impulse noise during acquisition and transmission; thus, an efficient noise suppression technique is required before subsequent image processing operations. Median filter (MF) is widely used in noise removal methods due to its denoising capability and computational efficiency. However, it is effective only for low noise densities. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method can obtain better performances in terms of both subjective and objective evaluations than denoising techniques. Especially, the proposed method can preserve edges very well while removing salt and pepper noise. Modified Decision Based Algorithm (MDBA), and Progressive Switched Median Filter (PSMF) shows better results at low and medium noise densities. At high noise densities, their performance is poor. A new algorithm to remove high-density salt and pepper noise using modified Decision Based Unsymmetric Trimmed Median Filter (DBUTMF) is proposed. The proposed algorithm replaces the noisy pixel by trimmed median. Since our algorithm is algorithmically simple, it is very suitable to be applied to many real-time applications and higher noise densities. When all the pixel values are 0’s and 255’s then the noise pixel is replaced by mean value of all the elements present in the selected window. The proposed algorithm is tested against different grayscale and color images and it gives better Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Image Enhancement Factor (IEF).
TRANSMISSION NETWORK EXPANSION WITH TRANSMISSION LOADING RELIEF
Authors: KHARDENVIS M.D. , PANDE DR.V.N. , JAPE PROF.V.M.
Published: January 2021

Transmission planning should seek to maintain or improve system security over time and facilitate robust wholesale power markets by improving transmission capacity for bulk power transfers across wide regions It includes finding the optimal plan for the electrical system expansion, it must specify the transmission lines and/or transformers that should be constructed so that the system to operate in an adequate way and in a specified planning horizon. In this paper a methodology is proposed for choosing the best transmission expansion plan using Transmission security based on contingency analysis. A procedure using sensitivity analysis is used to evaluate potential transmission connections and that provide the most improvements to overall system security .The methodology is applied to a six bus Garver system The result obtained with the proposed method are validated with the results reported in the earlier research papers.
REMOVAL OF GAUSSIAN AND IMPULSE NOISE IN THE COLOUR IMAGE PROGRESSION WITH FUZZY FILTERS
Authors: VENKATESAN P. , NAGARAJAN G.
Published: January 2021

This paper is concerned with algebraic features based filtering technique, named as the adaptive statistical quality based filtering technique (ASQFT), is presented for removal of Impulse and Gaussian noise in corrupted colour images. A combination of these two filters also helps in eliminating a mixture of these two noises. One strong filtering step that should remove all noise at once would inevitably also remove a considerable amount of detail. Therefore, the noise is filtered step by step. In each step, noisy pixels are detected by the help of fuzzy rules, which are very useful for the processing of human knowledge where linguistic variables are used. The proposed filter is able to efficiently suppress both Gaussian noise and impulse noise, as well as mixed Gaussian impulse noise. The experiments shows that proposed method outperforms novel modern filters both visually and in terms of objective quality measures such as the mean absolute error (MAE), the peaksignal- to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the normalized color difference (NCD). The expectations filter achieves a promising performance.
DESIGN OF ALU-64BIT FOR HIGH SPEED USING LOGICAL EFFORT
Authors: JYOTSNAMAYEE S.A. , KRISHNA M. MURALI
Published: January 2021

Logical effort is the ratio of the input capacitance of a gate to the input capacitance of an inverter delivering the same output current.. Conventional methods use repetitive manual testing guided by Logical Effort (LE).In our work, we choose gate widths inside the circuit as parameters to be optimized in order to achieve the target delay, using LE.The main objective of the paper is to calculate the delay using VerilogHDL and synthesized the output driven by it by increasing the speed using optimized paths.
A STUDY OF POWER LINE INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION USING IIR, AAPTIVE AND WAVELET FILTERING IN ECG
Authors: AHMAD IMTEYAZ , ANSARI F. , DEY U.K.
Published: January 2021

Background: It is essential to reduce these disturbances in ECG signal to improve accuracy and reliability. The bandwidth of the noise overlaps that of wanted signals, so that simple filtering cannot sufficiently enhance the signal to noise ratio. The present paper deals with the digital filtering method to reduce 50 Hz power line noise artifacts in the ECG signal. 4th order Butterworth notch filters(BW=.5 Hz) is used to reduce 50 Hz power line noise interference(PLI) from ECG signals and its performance is compared with Adaptve filters. Method: ECG signal is taken from physionet database. ECG signal (with PLI noise of different frequencies) were processed by Butterworth notch filters of bandwidths of 0.5 Hz. Ringing Artifact is observed in the output. ECG signal (with PLI noise of different frequencies) were processed by Adaptive filters no ringing effect seen. Wavelet filtering applied clean ECG were observed. Result: Performance is compared based on SNR and MSE of Butterworth notch filter and adaptive filters and output of wallet filtering were observed. Conclusion: RLS adaptive filter give better performance as compared to IIR Butterworth and LMS. Clean ECG were seen when filtering using symlet8 wavelet was done.
A NOVEL STILL IMAGE MOSAIC ALGORITHM CONSTRUCTION USING FEATURE BASED METHOD
Authors: JAIN DEEPAK KUMAR , SAXENA GAURAV , SINGH VINEET KU.
Published: January 2021

An image mosaic is a method of assembling multiple overlapping images of same scene into a larger one. The output of image mosaic will be the union of two input images. In this paper we have to use three step automatic image mosaic method. The first step is taking two input images and finding out the corners in both the images, second step is finding its matched corner and third step is its blending and we get final output mosaic. The experimental results show the proposed algorithm produces an improvement in mosaic accuracy, efficiency and robustness.
SPEECH RECOGNITION USING SOM AND ACTUATION VIA NETWORK IN MATLAB
Authors: CHANDAR A. SUBASH , SURIYANARAYANAN S. , MANIKANDAN M.
Published: January 2021

This paper proposes a method of Speech recognition using Self Organizing Maps (SOM) and actuation through network in Matlab. The different words spoken by the user at client end are captured and filtered using Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm to remove the acoustic noise. FFT is taken for the filtered voice signal. The voice spectrum is recognized using trained SOM and appropriate label is sent to server PC. The client and the server communication are established using User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Microcontroller (AT89S52) is used to control the speed of the actuator depending upon the input it receives from the client. Real-time working of the prototype system has been verified with successful speech recognition, transmission, reception and actuation via network.
COMPLETED LBP BASED TEXTURE ANALYSIS IN MAMMOGRAM
Authors: SABU ANUPA MARIA , PONRAJ D. NARAIN , POONGODI RAVI KUMAR
Published: January 2021

Breast cancer is a frequent cancer diseases and it is the leading cause of cancer death among women in most of the occidental countries. Mammography is one among the key tool to identify the location and size of tumor in the breast. Texture analysis plays an important role in detecting the disease patterns in mammogram and to identify the masses as normal or abnormal. The local binary pattern descriptor provides an illumination invariant and rotation invariant approach for the texture analysis. However the LBP consider only the sign parameters. So it may lose some textural information. This can be overcome by considering the sign, magnitude and centre gray level values. Here a new approach for the Texture analysis in mammogram using completed LBP is presented. Although different methods have been proposed most of them suffer from large number of false positives. In contrast this method uses textural properties to reduce the number of false positives.
AN EFFICIENT MOTION ESTIMATION ALGORITHM BASED ON PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION
Authors: JACOB ASHA ELIZABETH , PANDIAN IMMANUEL ALEX
Published: January 2021

The PSO algorithm reduce the search points without the degradation of the image quality. It provides accurate motion estimation with very low complexity in the context of video estimation. This algorithm is capable of reducing the computational complexity of block matching process. This algorithm maintains high estimation accuracy compared to the full search method. The critical component in most block-based video compression system is Motion Estimation because redundancy between successive frames of video sequence allows for compression of video data. These algorithms are used to reduce the computational requirement by checking only some points inside the search window, while keeping a good error performance when compared with Full Search and Diamond search algorithm. This algorithm should maintain high estimation accuracy compared to the Full search method and Diamond search algorithm. Here by using the PSO algorithm could get a high accuracy in the block-based motion estimation.
ULTRA WIDE BAND RADAR BASED BREAST CANCER DETECTION USING STACKED PATCH AND WIDE SLOT ANTENNA
Authors: ASWATHY SAM , JONE A. AMIR ANTON
Published: January 2021

A wide slot UWB antenna is used for the detection of breast cancer .This method works on the principle of ultra wide band radar imaging technique. In this paper comparing the performance of both stacked patch and wide slot antenna used for the purpose of breast cancer detection. Calculating specific absorption rate of both antenna, when it is placed in a normal tissue and tumors tissue, and comparing its results .And also measuring certain parameters of both simulated and measured results. From this comparative study its clear that wide slot UWB antenna has excellent performance in this UWB frequency range. And also wide slot antenna is three times smaller than stacked patch antenna.
DETECTION OF PEAK AND BOUNDARIES OF P AND T WAVES IN ECG SIGNALS
Authors: THOMAS NAMITHA , JAGANNATH D.J.
Published: January 2021

The ECG elimination is a vital tool for physiologist in detecting and classifying arrhythmia among human beings. One of the major challenges in ECG analysis is the delineation of ECG segments, that is P and T waves detection and delineation of an ECG waveform. Here we presents a new approach to address this problem, where delineation and detection can be done simultaneously. The proposed methodology shows accurate detection of P and T wave peaks and boundaries and enables precise calculations of waveforms for each analysis window.
Separation of MECG and FECG using CCA-EMD Process
Authors: SUGUMAR D. , RAJAN NEETHU SUSAN , VANATHI P. T.
Published: January 2021

Under-determined blind source separation aims to separate N non-stationary sources from M (M<N) mixtures.Paper presents a time-frequency approach (TF) to under-determined blind source separation of N non-stationary sources from M mixtures(M<N). It is based on Wigner-Ville distribution and Khatri-Rao product. Improved method involves a two step approach which involves the estimation of the mixing matrix where negative values of auto WVD of the sources are fully considered and secondly auto-term TF points are extracted.After extracting the auto-term TF points source WVD values at every TF point are computed using a new algorithm based on Khatri-Rao product. Thus sources are separated with the proposed approach no matter how many active sources there are as long as N≤ 2M-1.Simulation results are presented to show the superiority of the proposed algorithm by comparing it with the existing algorithms.
BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION OF AUDIO SIGNALS USING WVD-KR ALGORITHM
Authors: SUGUMAR D. , RAJAN NEETHU SUSAN , VANATHI P. T.
Published: January 2021

Under-determined blind source separation aims to separate N non-stationary sources from M (M<N) mixtures.Paper presents a time-frequency approach (TF) to under-determined blind source separation of N non-stationary sources from M mixtures(M<N).
It is based on Wigner-Ville distribution and Khatri-Rao product. Improved method involves a two step approach which involves the estimation of the mixing matrix where negative values of auto WVD of the sources are fully considered and secondly auto-term TF points are extracted.After extracting the auto-term TF points source WVD values at every TF point are computed using a new algorithm based on Khatri-Rao product. Thus sources are separated with the proposed approach no matter how many active sources there are as long as N≤ 2M-1.Simulation results are presented to show the superiority of the proposed algorithm by comparing it with the existing algorithms.
CCI CANCELLATION USING KF IN FADED MIMO CHANNELS
Authors: GOSWAMI DEBANGI , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar
Published: January 2021

Multi input multi output system (MIMO) has become a viable option to meet the demand of high data rate wireless communication. But MIMO system performance is severely affected by the presence of co-channel interference (CCI). CCI cancellation in MIMO channel therefore is a challenging area of research. This paper provides a Kalman Filter based CCI cancellation approach. In the severely faded Rayleigh channel in coded MIMO set-up, experimental results show that Kalman filter based approach for CCI cancellation provides satisfactory results and can thus prove to be a reliable CCI cancellation technique in future.
A COLORED FINGER TIP-BASED TRACKING METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS HAND GESTURE RECOGNITION
Authors: MAZUMDAR DHARANI , TALUKDAR ANJAN KUMAR , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar
Published: January 2021

Hand gesture recognition system can be used for human-computer interaction (HCI). Proper hand segmentation from the background and other body parts of the video is the primary requirement for the design of a hand-gesture based application. These video frames can be captured from a low cost webcam (camera) for use in a vision based gesture recognition technique. This paper discusses about the continuous hand gesture recognition. The aim of this paper is to report a robust and efficient hand segmentation algorithm where a new method, wearing glove on the hand is utilized. After that a new idea called “Finger-Pen”, is developed by segmenting only one finger from the hand for proper tracking. In this technique only a finger tip is segmented in spite of the full hand part. Hence this technique allows the hand (excepting the segmented finger tip) to move freely during the tracking time also. Problems such as skin colour detection, complexity from large numbers of people in front of the camera, complex background removal and variable lighting condition are found to be efficiently handled by the system. Noise present in the segmented image due to dynamic background can be removed with the help of this adaptive technique which is found to be effective for the application conceived.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SPREAD SPECTRUM MODULATION FOR WIRELESS CHANNELS USING ANN – ASSISTED PSEUDO - NOISE SEQUENCE GENERATOR
Authors: GOGOI JUTHIKA
Published: January 2021

One of the challenging issues in Spread-Spectrum Modulation (SSM) is the design of the Pseudo – Random or Pseudo - Noise (PN) sequence generator. Though several approaches are available that deals with the PN – sequence generator, there always exists the possibility of exploring the use of innovative methods through which shortcomings of the known techniques can be minimized and the performance of communication systems using SSM improved. This work is related to the use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for generation of the PN sequence during transmission and reception of a SSM based system. The benefit of the ANN - assisted PN generator shall be that it will simplify the design process of the PN - generator and yet provide high reliability against disruptions due to intentional disruptions and degradation of signal quality resulting out of variations in channel condition. The experiments carried out show that the ANN - assisted system is robust enough to deal with the unpredictability in the wireless channels and provide satisfactory performance under Gaussian and Rayleigh /Rician fading. The performance of the SSM system can be further enhanced by the use of coding. Hamming and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes have been used here with the data stream to explore if performance of the SSM system is improved further.
HAND SEGMENTATION AND TRACKING OF CONTINUOUS HAND POSTURE USING MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSING
Authors: NAYAK MADHURJYA KUMAR , TALUKDAR ANJAN KUMAR , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar
Published: January 2021

This work reports the design of a continuous hand posture recognition system. Hand tracking and segmentation are the primary steps for any hand gesture recognition system. The aim of this paper is to report a noise resistant and efficient hand segmentation algorithm where a new method for hand segmentation using different hand detection schemes with required morphological processing are utilized. Problems such as skin colour detection, complex background removal and variable lighting condition are found to be efficiently handled with this system. Noise present in the segmented image due to dynamic background can be removed with the help of this technique. The proposed approach is found to be effective for a range of conditions.
SPLIT MLSE ADAPTIVE EQUALIZATION IN SEVERELY FADED RAYLEIGH MIMO CHANNELS
Authors: GUPTA RASHMI SABNUAM , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar
Published: January 2021

This paper presents an overview of adaptive equalization used in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems. In this paper, we consider two-user transmission over a Rayleigh frequency selective fading channel, in which the Channel State Information (CSI) is known by the receiver. Subject to an average transmit power constraint, we study the performance with Rayleigh fading. Besides an approximation result of such performance is proposed, and by conducting numerical comparison it is shown that our suggested approximation result has a better performance in approximating Rayleigh fading using Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) algorithm. We here proposed a split MLSE adaptive equalization for use in faded MIMO channels. The proposed system is analyzed in terms of bit error rate (BER) with signals to noise ratio (SNR). Evaluation and comparison of the performances of MIMO system in the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel, and Rayleigh fading channel are provided. Experimental results show that the proposed split MLSE based adaptive equalization gives better results compared to composite equalization done traditionally.
A RAKE RECEIVER DESIGN FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND APPLICATION
Authors: DEKA SURAJIT , SARMA MANASH PRATIM , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a rake receiver for use with ultra wide band (UWB) systems. The rake receiver uses spread spectrum modulation (SSM) aided by kasami sequence generator. The combination is found to be effective in dealing with multipath fading and signal to noise ratio. The design is initially simulated using MATLAB 7.10 and is implemented using a HDL coder. The design is also implemented in a FPGA kit and is found to be effective in interference mitigation as part of a CDMA framework.
STDFF A PASS TRANSISTOR BASED FLIP FLOP DESIGN FOR EFFICIENT INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Authors: PRANEETHA G. LAKSHMI , HAREESH P.
Published: January 2021

In this paper a new technique is proposed based on the comparison between Conventional Transistorized Flip-flop and Data transition Look ahead D flip flop here we are checking the working of DLDFF and the conventional D Flip-flop after that we are analyzing the characteristic comparison using power & area constraints after that we are proposing a Negative Edge triggered flip-flop named as Switching Transistor based D Flip-Flop(STDFF) with reduced number of transistors which will reduce the overall power area as well as delay. The simulations are done using Microwind & DSCH analysis software tools and the result between all those types are listed below. Our proposed system simulations are done under 50nm technology and the results are tabulated below. In that our proposed system is showing better output than the other flip-flops compared here.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AIDED RETINA BASED BIOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
Authors: BORAH TRIPTI RANI , SARMA KANDARPA KUMAR , TALUKDAR PRAN HARI
Published: January 2021

Artificial Neural Network (ANN)s are efficient means of prediction, optimization and recognition. Retina is a unique biometric pattern that can be used as a part of a verification system. An ANN can be configured and trained to handle such variations observed in the texture of the retina. The specialty of the work is associated with the fact that if the ANN is configured properly it can tackle the variations in the retinal images and that way provides the insights for developing a system which requires the samples for verification and authorization. A system designed to provide authentication decision using the input can be a reliable means of verification. Such a system designed using ANN and using retina input is described here. Experimental results show that the system is reliable enough for considering it as a part of a verification mechanism.
THE NEW ADAPTIVE ACTIVE CONSTELLATION EXTENSION ALGORITHM FOR PAR MINIMIZATION IN OFDM SYSTEMS
Authors: KUMAR K. B. PAVAN , RAO R. S.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the Peak-to-Average Ratio reduction in OFDM systems is implemented by the Adaptive Active Constellation Extension (ACE) technique which is more simple and attractive for practical downlink implementation purpose. However, in normal constellation method we cannot achieve the minimum PAR if the target clipping level is much below than the initial optimum value. To get the better of this problem, we proposed Active Constellation Algorithm with adaptive clipping control mechanism to get minimum PAR. Simulation results exhibits that the proposed algorithm reaches the minimum PAR for most severely low clipping signals to get minimum PAR.
FUNCTIONAL VERIFICATION OF SECURE DIGITAL HOST CONTROLLER
Authors: JAIKIRAN L. , BISWAGAR PRAKASH , MURUGAN THEIVENTHIRAN
Published: January 2021

Portable storage devices are becoming popular and growing rapidly. These devices can store and acquire information wherever whenever you need. The important applications of portable storage devices are to make backup copies of important data, to share information between different computers or persons, to store digital pictures, music, games, power point presentations etc., and to secure information. These devices are very cost effective, easy to use, and extremely practical.
IMPLEMENTATION AND COMPARISON OF WAVELET TRANSFORM AND FOURIER TRANSFORM IN WI-MAX OFDM SYSTEM
Authors: KUMAR P. MAHESH , SARADA K.
Published: January 2021

WIMAX wireless communication is based on ofdm technology which enables going towards 4G Based on IEEE 802.16d-2004. But the reliability of ofdm is limited with the problems of time varying nature of the channel. This can reduced by adding cyclic prefix or guard interval between each block of data symbols. This guard interval minimizes the spectral efficiency in ofdm system. Recently, it was proved that discrete wavelet transform in ofdm system will reduce the isi Inter carrier interference, which is produced by loss of ortho-gonality between carriers and also provides more spectrum efficiency. It is found that proposed wavelet design achieves much lower bit error rates, Increases signal to noise power ratio (SNR), and can be used as an alternative to the Conventional OFDM WIMAX. The proposed OFDM system was modeled tested, and its Performance was found under different International Telecommunications Union (ITU Channel models.
COLOR CONVERSION AND WATER SHED SEGMENTATION FOR RGB IMAGES
Authors: HARITHA M. , REDDY RAVI SHANKAR
Published: January 2021

In this paper we describes the conversion preserves feature discriminability and reasonable color ordering, while respecting the original lightness of colors, by simple optimization of a nonlinear global mapping. Experimental results show that our method produces convincing results for a variety of color images. The required luminance adjustments are small and always lie within 1% of the mean luminance. Since all adapting lights are of the same luminance, zero luminance adjustments (dashed lines) are predicted for the asymmetric color matches under the hypothesis that adaptation is confined to the L–2M, the S – (L + M) and the L + 2M.The recovery of shape from texture under perspective projection. This is made possible by imposing a notion of homogeneity for the original texture, according it which the deformation gradient is equal to the velocity of the texture gradient equation this work studies a method called Normalized Cut and proposes an image segmentation strategy utilizing two ways to convert images into graphs: Pixel affinity and watershed transform.
A NEW PARALLEL INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION ALGORITHM FOR RAKE SYSTEMS
Authors: SWARNALATHA G. , SWARNALATHA G.
Published: January 2021

In order to suppres the multi-path interference (MPI) in the DS CDMA system, a new RAKE receiver based on parallel interference elimination is first proposed in this paper data symbol tentative decision is obtained by linear decision; the multi-path interference are evaluated by tentative decision and known user information. Then the performance over Rayleigh fading channel are analyzed and compared to conventional parallel interference cancellation (PIC) and RAKE receiver. It is shown that RAKE receiver performance can be improved greatly by using this method with simple structure and easy implementation.
UNDERGROUND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION CHANNEL MODELING AND SIMULATION USING 0.3GMSK MODULATION CONSIDERING PENETRATION AND SCATTERING LOSS
Authors: JAYARAM M. N. , VENUGOPAL C.R.
Published: January 2021

Wireless communication inside mines and tunnels is very different from that in terrestrial environment because of the strong attenuation of signals. Here, we are developing an empirical model for the underground wireless communication channel based on experimental data which help in predicting the average received signal strength at a given distance from transmitter. The model aims at adding correction factors to the available outdoor and indoor propagation models such as Okumara-hata model, cost231 model, ITU indoor propagation models etc. Modeling is done by choosing the most appropriate model among the available ones and performing regression methods to the model based on experimental data. Correction factors are then added based on two parameters which we are considering namely- Penetration and Scattering loss for 0.3GMSK.
CANCELLATION OF MOTION ARTIFACT NOISE AND POWER LINE INTERFERENCE IN ECG USING ADAPTIVE FILTERS
Authors: AHMAD IMTEYAZ , ANSARI F. , DEY U.K.
Published: January 2021

Background: The electrocardiogram(ECG) has the considerable diagnostic significance, and applications of ECG monitoring are diverse and in wide use. Noises that commonly disturb the basic electrocardiogram are power line interference(PLI), instrumentation noise, external electromagnetic field interference, noise due to random body movements and respiration movements. These noises can be classified according to their frequency content. It is essential to reduce these disturbances in ECG signal to improve accuracy and reliability. The bandwidth of the noise overlaps that of wanted signals, so that simple filtering cannot sufficiently enhance the signal to noise ratio. It is difficult to apply filters with fixed filter co-efficients to reduce these noise. Adaptive filter technique is required to overcome this problem as the filter coefficients can be varied to track the dynamic variations of the signals. Adaptive filter based on the least mean square (LMS) algorithm and recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm are applied to noisy ECG to reduce 50 Hz power line noise and motion artifact noise. Method: ECG signal is taken from physionet database. A ECG signal (without noise) was mixed with constant 0.1 mVp-p 50 Hz interference and motion artifact noise processed with Adaptive filter based on the least mean square (LMS) algorithm and recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. Simulation results are also shown. Performance of filters are analyzed based on SNR and MSE.
NAT2 Gene Polymorphisms and Plasma Isoniazid Concentration in Vietnamese Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: LE Tuan Anh , PHAM Nhung Hong Thi , DINH Long Doan , LE Luyen Thi , VU Thom Thi
Published: January 2021

Isoniazid (INH) is one of the most common drugs for tuberculosis (TB) treatment and INH acetylation catalyzed by non-inducible hepatic enzyme arylamine N-acetyltransferase type 2 (NAT2). The isoniazid acetylation rates, which depend on NAT2 genotypes, is constant in an individual but can changes between patients. Phenotypic groups can be classified based on the genotype: slow, intermediate, and rapid acetylators. This study was performed to identify the relation between NAT2 gene polymorphisms and plasma INH concentrations among the different genotypes of Vietnamese tuberculosis patients. Blood samples of 136 adult TB patients treated with INH were collected and genotyped for NAT2 gene polymorphisms using Sanger sequencing. Two-hour post-dosing INH plasma concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). Among the 136 patients genotyped, there were 43 (31.62 %), 58 (42.65 %), and 35 (25.74 %) of slow, intermediate, and rapid acetylation phenotypes, with two-hour post dosing INH plasma concentrations of 3.4, 2.7, and 2.2 μg/ml, respectively. The differences in INH concentrations among the three genotypes were significant (P < 0.05). Genotyping of TB patients from Vietnam for NAT2 gene polymorphism revealed that 48 percent of the study population comprised slow acetylators. Two-hour INH levels were significantly different among CC and TT homozygous genotypes of NAT2(C282T), as 2.7 μg/ml and 3.9 μg/ml, respectively. This suggests that NAT2(C282T) could play a role in INH metabolism in TB patients.
Methods: Blood samples of 136 adult TB patients treated with INH were collected and genotyped for NAT2 gene polymorphisms using Sanger sequencing. Two-hour post-dosing INH plasma concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS).
Results: Among the 136 patients genotyped, there were 43 (31.62%), 58 (42.65%) and 35 (25.74%) of slow, intermediate and rapid acetylation phenotypes with two-hour post dosing INH plasma concentration of 3.4, 2.7 and 2.2 μg/ml, respectively. The differences in INH concentrations among the three genotypes were significant (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Genotyping of TB patients from Vietnam for NAT2 gene polymorphism revealed that 48 per cent of the study population comprised slow acetylators. Two-hour INH levels were significantly different among slow and rapid acetylators.