bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Gamma Spectroscopy Setup, Efficiency Calibration of HPGe detector used for Radiological substances
Authors: Islam Md. Shafiul , Rahman M. O. , Abedin M. Joynal , Akter S.
Published: October 2024

Background: Contamination of radiological substances in environment is one of the most important factors and harmful for living beings if the activity is high enough with long half-life.‘Gamma Spectrometry Setup’ is comparatively better for detection and analysis of gamma radiations in any type of specimens. Initiating the data acquisition setup, it’s essential to calibrate the entire setup for accuracy measurement. Materials and Methods:The main purpose of the research work is to characterize the data acquisition setup using137Cs and 60Co point sources. 137Cs emits γ-rays of 661.66 keV and 60Coemits two different γ-rays; 1173.2 KeV & 1332.5 KeV. Setup standardization is an essential part of any research works. Results: The HPGe detector used with the setup is also good enough for γ-energy detection. Detector efficiency calibration is another major task needed for activity calculation, using gamma energy lines detected in a sample detector efficiency can be calculated. Conclusion: Initiating every research experiment, the setup calibration should be checked for accurate results
An Investigation of Bursting Strength on Single Jersey Weft Knitted Fabrics
Authors: Ghosh Kumar
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the bursting strength performance of single jersey weft knitted fabrics. The objective of the study is to find out the impact of the yarn count ,stitch length , stitch density, fabric thickness, loop shape factor, tightness factor ,GSM and porosity on the bursting strength of the single jersey weft knitted fabric. The experimental results have been statistically evaluated with Analysis ofVariance (ANOVA) test , Results show thatstitch length , stitch density, fabric thickness, loop shape factor, tightness factor ,GSM and porosity areeffective on bursting strength and individual ANOVA test results show that stitch density , fabric thickness , tightness factor , GSM and porosity are Individually effective on bursting strength .the GSM parameter of the fabric is fundamental for bursting strength , the correlation relation and R square values of GSM with bursting strength found to be in order 0.839& 0.9438
O Programa Saúde da Família como estratégia para a saúde pública: perspectivas e desafios
Authors: Albuquerque Raquel Angélica Andrade Corrêa de , Oliveira Jefferson Borges de , Santos Denis Almeida dos , Lázaro Robson dos Santos
Published: October 2024

Resumo: A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as perspectivas e desafios do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) no Brasil, uma estratégia central para a promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças desde sua criação em 1994. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases Google Acadêmico, PubMed e SciELO, com busca por meio de palavras-chave e operadores booleanos AND e OR. Como critério de inclusão foram selecionados somente os artigos publicados em português e entre os anos de 2020 e 2023. Os resultados mostraram que o PSF tem contribuído positivamente para a melhoria de indicadores de saúde, como a redução da mortalidade infantil e o aumento da cobertura vacinal. No entanto, enfrenta obstáculos significativos, incluindo a redução de equipes do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF) e mudanças no financiamento, que afetaram a capacidade de resposta do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), especialmente durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Além disso, a diminuição da presença de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) e desafios na integração com outros serviços e práticas culturais limitaram a eficácia do programa. Como conclusão, a pesquisa aponta para a necessidade de fortalecer a integração entre a promoção da saúde e a atenção básica,
O Programa Saúde da Família como estratégia integrada à saúde pública no Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Francisco Junio do , Marinho Fernando Antonio Madeira , Silva Vanessa Machado da , Faria Isadora Teixeira de
Published: October 2024

Resumo: Esta pesquisa investigou o papel do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF), atualmente denominado Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), na melhoria da saúde pública no Brasil. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia e O Programa Saúde da Família como estratégia integrada à saúde pública no Brasil Pageo impacto do PSF na promoção da saúde, redução das desigualdades e aprimoramento da qualidade de vida das populações atendidas. Utilizando uma abordagem bibliográfica, foram analisados artigos e estudos disponíveis em plataformas acadêmicas para obter uma visão abrangente do PSF e suas implicações. Os resultados mostraram que o PSF tem contribuído significativamente para a melhoria da cobertura e qualidade dos serviços de saúde, destacando-se por seu modelo de atenção integral e comunitária, baseado em equipes multiprofissionais que atuam diretamente nas comunidades. A análise revelou que a abordagem proativa do programa, focada na prevenção e no cuidado contínuo, tem reduzido a demanda por serviços de emergência e contribuído para a eficiência do sistema de saúde. Em conclusão, o PSF se revela uma estratégia crucial para a promoção da saúde pública no Brasil, oferecendo um modelo integrado e eficaz que melhora o acesso aos cuidados, reduz desigualdades e promove uma melhor qualidade de vida. A pesquisa enfatiza a importância de continuar avaliando e aprimorando o PSF para enfrentar desafios futuros e fortalecer o sistema de saúde
Tecnologias na saúde: explorando o potencial da Inteligência Artificial (IA)
Authors: Barbosa Samira Goldberg Rego , Guimarães Samara de Freitas , Diniz Larissa Cândida de Sousa , Leite Leonardo Massini Pereira
Published: October 2024

Resumo: Este estudo investiga o impacto da Inteligência Artificial (IA) na saúde, com o objetivo de analisar como suas capacidades transformadoras estão moldando práticas médicas atuais e futuras. Utilizando uma metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica, a investigação coletou e analisou informações de fontes teóricas e empíricas, sem realizar experimentos práticos, para obter uma visão abrangente das inovações tecnológicas no setor. Os resultados mostraram que a IA está revolucionando o diagnóstico, tratamento e gestão de saúde, oferecendo diagnósticos mais rápidos e precisos, tratamentos personalizados e otimização de processos administrativos. Além disso, a IA tem melhorado o monitoramento e a prevenção de doenças. Contudo, a pesquisa também evidenciou desafios significativos, como a necessidade de garantir a privacidade e segurança dos dados, a transparência dos algoritmos e o impacto na força de trabalho da saúde. A conclusão destaca que, apesar dos avanços promissores, é essencial abordar proativamente esses desafios para que a IA possa ser
O uso de Inteligência Artificial (IA) na educação e as suas implicações sobre a ética docente
Authors: Farias Sidinei , Oliveira Angelita Antonia Santos , Souza Edilene Tavares de , Silva Fábio Rogério Kruger Araújo da
Published: October 2024

Resumo: A pesquisa analisou o impacto da Inteligência Artificial (IA) na educação e suas implicações éticas, com o objetivo de compreender como essas tecnologias transformam o ensino e as preocupações relacionadas. Utilizando uma metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica, foram coletadas e analisadas informações de diversas fontes acadêmicas para identificar tendências, lacunas e fundamentos teóricos sobre o tema. Os resultados indicam que a IA oferece oportunidades significativas para personalizar a aprendizagem, otimizar processos administrativos e apoiar os alunos com assistentes virtuais e tutores. No entanto, surgem questões éticas importantes, como a privacidade dos dados, a transparência dos algoritmos e o viés nos sistemas, além do impacto no papel dos professores. A análise conclui que, embora a IA possa enriquecer o ensino, é essencial abordar essas preocupações éticas com responsabilidade para garantir uma integração que respeite a autonomia docente e promova uma educação equitativa e eficaz. A reflexão crítica e a formação adequada dos professores são fundamentais para maximizar os benefícios da IA na educação.
Framing Faith and Fear: Muslim Religious Scholars Perspectives on Media Representation of Terrorism in Kenya
Authors: SHEIKH Abdullahi Abdi , MALAKWEN Bernard , OBUYA Jared
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the perceptions of Muslim religious scholars on media representation of terrorism in Kenya. Kenya presents a unique context for the study because of its diverse religious landscape, its specific experiences with terrorism and upsurge of digital platforms for news dissemination. Muslim scholars in Kenya, therefore, play a critical role within Muslim communities as they look after their congregation. The phenomenological theory was used as a framework for the study. The study found that there was a general perception among Muslim religious scholars that media representation of terrorism was biased towards the Muslim population. The scholars are of the view that Muslims were labelled as terrorists, terrorism sponsors or sympathizers. As a result, the religious scholars had become reluctant to consume Kenyan media products, and some of them had disconnected from various media platforms. There is need for guidelines and policies that recognize the place and the sensitivities of the Muslim population in terrorism reporting in Kenya to improve media representation of terrorism, and as well as differentiating between Islam and terrorism, as part of the guidelines, and training journalists on their implementation
Modelo de composição de custos aplicado ao método abc para o ensino superior do campus Itabaiana da UFS
Authors: Filho Deoclécio Jorge Gonçalves , Menezes Abel Smith , Silva Rosângela Sarmento , Oliveira Kleber Fernandes de
Published: October 2024

Esse trabalho teve como objetivo propor um Modelo de Composição de Custos aplicando ao método ABC para o ensino superior do Campus Prof. Alberto Carvalho (Campus Itabaiana). Como método de pesquisa foi realizado um estudo de caso único, com abordagem qualitativa, por meio de dados secundários, de cunho descrito e exploratório. Os resultados encontrados permitem observar o verdadeiro custo apresentados pelo Campus Itabaiana, evidenciando as principais despesas que incidem nessa unidade e deixando claro como elas são absorvidas pelas atividades desempenhadas nos departamentos. O modelo proposto possibilita ao gestor conhecer os principais custos que incidem sobre o campus, de forma clara e simplificada. Outra contribuição é a possibilidade de compartilhar informações com outras instituições de ensino superior, permitindo que a UFS compare seus custos e práticas de gestão com outras universidades
Defining Innovation: A Comprehensive Analysis of Types, Levels, and Strategic Interactions
Authors: Mathias Thaís , Fertig Mariléia Batista , Zancanaro Márcio , Thibes Rafael Francisco , Hahn Ivanete Schneider
Published: October 2024

Background: This article explores the multifaceted concept of innovation, examining its various forms— product, process, market, organizational, technological, and paradigm - and their interactions across different levels, including individual, organizational, sectoral, national, and international. The study highlights the critical role of innovation as a driver of economic and social development, particularly in the digital age where technological change is rapid and pervasive. Materials and Methods: This literature review systematically analyzes the synergies between different types and levels of innovation, exploring how these combinations can amplify organizational and market impacts, ultimately fostering a sustainable competitive advantage. Results: The findings highlight that innovation rarely occurs in isolation; rather, it emerges from complex interrelations that significantly enhance its overall effectiveness. These interactions are pivotal in driving successful innovation outcomes. Conclusion: This review contributes to a deeper understanding of innovation by synthesizing insights from various studies, offering valuable implications for both academic research and business practices.
Phillip K. Dick: A Psychotic Prophet?
Authors: Ratna Lawrence
Published: October 2024

The clinical potential of creativity research remains largely unexplored. Philip K. Dick’s deeply personal writings, particularly his journal following a psychotic episode, provide a rare insight into the neuropsychological processes that drive creativity. His unique blend of psychological depth and philosophical science fiction has profoundly impacted literature and popular culture, securing his place as one of the leading science fiction authors of the 20th century. Drawing on his own experiences with mental illness, Dick delved into themes like ontological insecurity, psychosis, dissociation, and drug addiction. Considerable research has explored the connection between madness and creativity. Building on this, the essay will apply clinical nosology to diagnose Dick as a case study, aiming to uncover how his psychopathology influenced his life and creative output. The second part will review recent research on creativity, focusing on factors that enhance our understanding of the roots of his genius. Progressing the neuropsychology of creativity holds significant clinical, social, and economic promise
Federalism
Authors: Chand Tara
Published: October 2024

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How Do Political Changes Influence Stock Market Performance In Emerging Economies?
Authors: Saha Aadya
Published: October 2024

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The Role Of Traditional Rulers In Curbing Farmer Herder Conflict In Ukum Local Government Area Of Benue State, 2011-2023
Authors: Apinean Caleb Bem , John Kyenge , Joseph Anure Kyaatsa
Published: October 2024

This study interrogates the role of traditional rulers in the management of farmer herder conflict in Ukum Local Government Area of Benue state, 2011-2023 with the aim of unfolding the persistent incursion on the farming communities of Ukum LGA by the herders and the task of traditional rulers in managing it. Using Eco violence theory the study explained the inextricable link between the environment and violent conflicts between the herders and farmers n Ukum LGA. The study used the descriptive survey design. Qualitative method of data collection was adopted and the instruments for data collection were key informant interview and focus group discussion. The secondary data were gathered from text books, and journals. The method of data analysis was the explorative as the data were descriptions, accounts and experiences or feelings of the respondents. The study found that the nature of farmer herder crisis is the conflict between the economic activities of human beings for survival and the effect of the survival on the ecosystem.. the effect is the intolerable experience the indigenes are passing through as the idle youths have turned the conflict as a means of livelihood. Though the traditional rulers have been trying to curb the situation, there are challenges that are rooted in politics. The study concludes that government must be careful in selecting the traditional rulers and give them a free hand in managing the affairs of their communities. The study recommends majorly that Government must embrace the modern system of livestock farming to reduce competition over scarce environmental resources
Family Social Work Interventions Model To Promote Family Cohesion Among The Users Of Social Media In Uasin-Gishu County, Kenya
Authors: Kemboi Lydia Korir , Mutisyia Dr. Mary , Macharia Dr. Elijah
Published: October 2024

In the rapidly evolving digital age, social media has become an integral part of daily life, significantly influencing family dynamics and cohesion. This study explored the impact of social media on family cohesion and examined possible family social work intervention models to promote family unity among users in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. Utilizing a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, the research gathered quantitative data through surveys of 400 respondents and qualitative insights from focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The findings revealed that 72.1% of participants supported the establishment of clear boundaries and rules around social media use to enhance family cohesion, with a mean score of 3.84. Additionally, 70.3% agreed that regular family activities strengthened family bonds, while 68.8% acknowledged the positive impact of family therapy on communication within social media-using families. The study also found strong support for educational initiatives on healthy social media use, with 71.3% of respondents endorsing their effectiveness. Hypothesis testing confirmed a significant relationship between family social work interventions and improved family cohesion, evidenced by a Pearson correlation coefficient of .648 and a significant chi-square result (p < .001). The study concludes that structured social work interventions, such as setting boundaries, promoting family activities, and providing education, are crucial in maintaining family cohesion in the context of increasing social media usage. These findings offer valuable insights for social work practitioners, policymakers, and families seeking to balance digital engagement with family unity
Appropriate Technological Innovation Towards An Independent Village Based On Agrotourism In Sumbergedang Village
Authors: . Sujono , . Jamroji , Yuliati R. , Nurul Moh.
Published: October 2024

Sumbergedang Village is one of the villages located in Pandaan District, Pasuruan Regency, East Java Province, which has green and cool natural conditions because it is located at the foot of Mount Penanggungan, West Side and has views of Mount Arjuno. Potential natural resources include rivers with a calm flow from springs throughout the year, livestock farming with sheep, goats and fish and around 30 springs. The aim of the Assisted Village Program activities is to exploit this natural potential into agrotourism so that it becomes an independent and prosperous village. The activity method involves direct assistance by the entire program implementation team and 5 students who work in the field for one semester. The activity begins with preparation by determining the schedule & compiling measurement instruments to carry out pre- and post-activity evaluations. Training includes: Building an entrepreneurial spirit, business motivation, digital bookkeeping and marketing, training on the operation of coper and feed ingredient flouring machines, making feed formulas and mixing feed, training on making various chips and drinks, training on the use of chopping machines for packaging chips and packaging drinks as well as Institutional development is directed at fostering group management. The results of the activity include: all partners consisting of livestock and fish farmer groups, village PKK, BUMDES and MSMEs increased their entrepreneurial spirit after receiving business motivation training. The complete result of this Assisted Village activity is that the use of appropriate technology (TTG) in the form of a multipurpose machine is able to increase the weight gain of sheep by more than 150 grams/head/day so that fattening time is shorter. With a fish feed machine, groups can make their own feed, thereby reducing feed costs to Rp. 10,000/ kg feed. The use of a chopping machine can increase the production capacity of chips to 150/200 kg/day and the use of a beverage packaging machine can increase the capacity of sinom drinks to 25 liters/day. The conclusion of this activity is that the application of appropriate technology is really needed by society to increase people's income and welfare.
The Role of Solar Wind Density in Cross Polar Cap Potential Saturation Under Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field
Authors: Lin Dong , Zhang Binzheng , Scales Wayne, A. , Wiltberger Michael , Clauer C. Robert , Xu Zhonghua
Published: November 2017

The role of solar wind density in the cross polar cap potential (CPCP) response under northward interplanetary magnetic field is investigated with observation‐based global simulations. A rare event was reported by Clauer et al. (2016) during which the ionospheric electric field EISP does not saturate under extreme interplanetary electric field (IEF) of ∼15 mV/m. While commonly utilized coupling functions based on IEF fail to provide an unambiguous explanation for the linear response, the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry‐Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupler/Solver model is used to explore the mechanisms in this study. The model first reproduces the observed linear features of the EISP. The simulated CPCP also responds linearly to IEF variations. A controlled simulation is designed with solar wind density artificially reduced to 10% of the observed value while all other parameters such as the IEF are kept the same. The controlled simulation shows saturation of the EISP as well as the CPCP. Further analysis shows the difference in the magnetosheath plasma β, implying the distinct dominant forces between the two simulations. The Lopez magnetosheath force balance theory is used to explain the CPCP responses under different solar wind densities. This comparison study highlights the role of solar wind density in determining the magnetosphere‐ionosphere response to extreme interplanetary drivings.
Zonal Wind Indices to Reconstruct CONUS Winter Precipitation
Authors: Farnham David J. , Steinschneider Scott , Lall Upmanu
Published: November 2017

Seasonal precipitation forecasts over the contiguous United States (CONUS) during the 2015–2016 El Niño exhibited significant bias over many regions, especially in the western United States where seasonal information is particularly valuable for reservoir operation. Diagnosing the origin of this bias requires understanding the empirical signal from tropical heating to midlatitude precipitation. In this paper, we find that atmospheric zonal wind indices computed over the region typically associated with the winter jet stream provide a skillful, spatially distributed, linear prediction of precipitation over CONUS, over all winters (January–March; JFM). Furthermore, we show that more (less) central (eastern) Pacific Ocean heating may have contributed to the unexpected 2016 JFM CONUS precipitation and that this was likely predictable based on antecedent (December) sea surface temperatures. The zonal wind indices act as intermediate variables in a causal chain, and our analyses provide support for the potential for empirical prediction and also a diagnostic for physics‐based models to help improve forecasts.
Evaluating Modeled Impact Metrics for Human Health, Agriculture Growth, and Near‐Term Climate
Authors: Seltzer K. M. , Shindell D. T. , Faluvegi G. , Murray L. T.
Published: November 2017

Simulated metrics that assess impacts on human health, agriculture growth, and near‐term climate were evaluated using ground‐based and satellite observations. The NASA GISS ModelE2 and GEOS‐Chem models were used to simulate the near‐present chemistry of the atmosphere. A suite of simulations that varied by model, meteorology, horizontal resolution, emissions inventory, and emissions year were performed, enabling an analysis of metric sensitivities to various model components. All simulations utilized consistent anthropogenic global emissions inventories (ECLIPSE V5a or CEDS), and an evaluation of simulated results were carried out for 2004–2006 and 2009–2011 over the United States and 2014–2015 over China. Results for O3‐ and PM2.5‐based metrics featured minor differences due to the model resolutions considered here (2.0° × 2.5° and 0.5° × 0.666°) and model, meteorology, and emissions inventory each played larger roles in variances. Surface metrics related to O3 were consistently high biased, though to varying degrees, demonstrating the need to evaluate particular modeling frameworks before O3 impacts are quantified. Surface metrics related to PM2.5 were diverse, indicating that a multimodel mean with robust results are valuable tools in predicting PM2.5‐related impacts. Oftentimes, the configuration that captured the change of a metric best over time differed from the configuration that captured the magnitude of the same metric best, demonstrating the challenge in skillfully simulating impacts. These results highlight the strengths and weaknesses of these models in simulating impact metrics related to air quality and near‐term climate. With such information, the reliability of historical and future simulations can be better understood.
The Post‐Eocene Evolution of the Doruneh Fault Region (Central Iran): The Intraplate Response to the Reorganization of the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone
Authors: Tadayon Meisam , Rossetti Federico , Zattin Massimiliano , Nozaem Reza , Calzolari Gabriele , Madanipour Saeed , Salvini Francesco
Published: November 2017

The Cenozoic deformation history of Central Iran has been dominantly accommodated by the activation of major intracontinental strike‐slip fault zones, developed in the hinterland domain of the Arabia‐Eurasia convergent margin. Few quantitative temporal and kinematic constraints are available from these strike‐slip deformation zones, hampering a full assessment of the style and timing of intraplate deformation in Iran and the understanding of the possible linkage to the tectonic reorganization of the Zagros collisional zone. This study focuses on the region to the north of the active trace of the sinistral Doruneh Fault. By combing structural and low‐temperature apatite fission track (AFT) and (U‐Th)/He (AHe) thermochronology investigations, we provide new kinematic and temporal constraints to the deformation history of Central Iran. Our results document a post‐Eocene polyphase tectonic evolution dominated by dextral strike‐slip tectonics, whose activity is constrained since the early Miocene in response to an early, NW‐SE oriented paleo‐σ1 direction. A major phase of enhanced cooling/exhumation is constrained at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, caused by a switch of the maximum paleo‐σ1 direction to N‐S. When integrated into the regional scenario, these data are framed into a new tectonic reconstruction for the Miocene‐Quaternary time lapse, where strike‐slip deformation in the intracontinental domain of Central Iran is interpreted as guided by the reorganization of the Zagros collisional zone in the transition from an immature to a mature stage of continental collision.
Fluid‐Enhanced Annealing in the Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle Beneath the Westernmost Margin of the Carpathian‐Pannonian Extensional Basin System
Authors: Aradi L. E. , Hidas K. , Kovács I. J. , Tommasi A. , Klébesz R. , Garrido C. J. , Szabó C.
Published: November 2017

Mantle xenoliths from the Styrian Basin Volcanic Field (Western Pannonian Basin, Austria) are mostly coarse granular amphibole‐bearing spinel lherzolites with microstructures attesting for extensive annealing. Olivine and pyroxene CPO (crystal‐preferred orientation) preserve nevertheless the record of coeval deformation during a preannealing tectonic event. Olivine shows transitional CPO symmetry from [010]‐fiber to orthogonal type. In most samples with [010]‐fiber olivine CPO symmetry, the [001] axes of the pyroxenes are also dispersed in the foliation plane. This CPO patterns are consistent with lithospheric deformation accommodated by dislocation creep in a transpressional tectonic regime. The lithospheric mantle deformed most probably during the transpressional phase after the Penninic slab breakoff in the Eastern Alps. The calculated seismic properties of the xenoliths indicate that a significant portion of shear wave splitting delay times in the Styrian Basin (0.5 s out of approximately 1.3 s) may originate in a highly annealed subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Hydroxyl content in olivine is correlated to the degree of annealing, with higher concentrations in the more annealed textures. Based on the correlation between microstructures and hydroxyl content in olivine, we propose that annealing was triggered by percolation of hydrous fluids/melts in the shallow subcontinental lithospheric mantle. A possible source of these fluids/melts is the dehydration of the subducted Penninic slab beneath the Styrian Basin. The studied xenoliths did not record the latest large‐scale geodynamic events in the region—the Miocene extension then tectonic inversion of the Pannonian Basin.
Estimating Discharge and Nonpoint Source Nitrate Loading to Streams From Three End‐Member Pathways Using High‐Frequency Water Quality Data
Authors: Miller Matthew P. , Tesoriero Anthony J. , Hood Krista , Terziotti Silvia , Wolock David M.
Published: November 2017

The myriad hydrologic and biogeochemical processes taking place in watersheds occurring across space and time are integrated and reflected in the quantity and quality of water in streams and rivers. Collection of high‐frequency water quality data with sensors in surface waters provides new opportunities to disentangle these processes and quantify sources and transport of water and solutes in the coupled groundwater‐surface water system. A new approach for separating the streamflow hydrograph into three components was developed and coupled with high‐frequency nitrate data to estimate time‐variable nitrate loads from chemically dilute quick flow, chemically concentrated quick flow, and slowflow groundwater end‐member pathways for periods of up to 2 years in a groundwater‐dominated and a quick‐flow‐dominated stream in central Wisconsin, using only streamflow and in‐stream water quality data. The dilute and concentrated quick flow end‐members were distinguished using high‐frequency specific conductance data. Results indicate that dilute quick flow contributed less than 5% of the nitrate load at both sites, whereas 89 ± 8% of the nitrate load at the groundwater‐dominated stream was from slowflow groundwater, and 84 ± 25% of the nitrate load at the quick‐flow‐dominated stream was from concentrated quick flow. Concentrated quick flow nitrate concentrations varied seasonally at both sites, with peak concentrations in the winter that were 2–3 times greater than minimum concentrations during the growing season. Application of this approach provides an opportunity to assess stream vulnerability to nonpoint source nitrate loading and expected stream responses to current or changing conditions and practices in watersheds.
Passivity‐based adaptive output tracking control for switched nonlinear systems with uncertain parameters
Authors: Sun Yaowei , Zhao Jun
Published: November 2017

This paper addresses the issue of the adaptive output tracking control for switched nonlinear systems with uncertain parameters. The solvability of the tracking control problem for each subsystem is not necessary to hold. Individual update laws corresponding to different unknown parameters are adopted to reduce the conservativeness produced from the adoption of a common undated law. By means of the dual design of the adaptive controllers and a state‐dependent switching law using multiple storage functions technique, several conditions are obtained under which the adaptive output tracking control problem for switched nonlinear systems is solvable. Finally, an example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Analysis of North‐American Tight oil production
Authors: Velasco Raul , Panja Palash , Pathak Manas , Deo Milind
Published: November 2017

North‐American tight oil production has been on the rise due to the introduction of new drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies. Such advances have dramatically changed the conventional understanding of the hydrocarbon recovery process. A dimensionless study of tight oil production across the United Sates in plays such as the Bakken, Niobrara, Eagle Ford, Woodford, Bone Spring, and Wolfcamp shed light on some of these recovery processes. Production from any well, regardless of geologic attributes and operating conditions, fits into a universal curve during its initial productive period. Subsequently, production becomes a strong function of hydrocarbon thermodynamics and multiphase flow. Results from this analysis help rank important parameters that affect oil recovery in terms of how wells are operated and the reservoir's intrinsic geological and fluid properties. Furthermore, production results are combined with a simple dimensionless economic analysis to determine optimal fracture configurations independent of oil price environment. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 64: 1479–1484, 2018
Work‐related injuries in the Alaska logging industry, 1991‐2014
Authors: Springer Yuri P. , Lucas Devin L. , Castrodale Louisa J. , McLaughlin Joseph B.
Published: November 2017

Background

Although loggers in Alaska are at high risk for occupational injury, no comprehensive review of such injuries has been performed since the mid‐1990s. We investigated work‐related injuries in the Alaska logging industry during 1991‐2014.

Methods

Using data from the Alaska Trauma Registry and the Alaska Occupational Injury Surveillance System, we described fatal and nonfatal injuries by factors including worker sex and age, timing and geographic location of injuries, and four injury characteristics. Annual injury rates and associated 5‐year simple moving averages were calculated.

Results

We identified an increase in the 5‐year simple moving averages of fatal injury rates beginning around 2005. While injury characteristics were largely consistent between the first 14 and most recent 10 years of the investigation, the size of logging companies declined significantly between these periods.

Conclusions

Factors associated with declines in the size of Alaska logging companies might have contributed to the observed increase in fatal injury rates.
Discordant fetal phenotype of hypophosphatasia in two siblings
Authors: Ikenoue Satoru , Miyakoshi Kei , Ishii Tomohiro , Sato Yu , Otani Toshimitsu , Akiba Yohei , Kasuga Yoshifumi , Ochiai Daigo , Matsumoto Tadashi , Ichihashi Yosuke , Matsuzaki Yohei , Tachikawa Kanako , Michigami Toshimi , Nishimura Gen , Ikeda Kazushige , Hasegawa Tomonobu , Tanaka Mamoru
Published: November 2017

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with impaired bone mineralization due to mutations in the ALPL gene. The genotype‐phenotype correlation of this disorder has been widely described. Here, we present two affected siblings, whose fetal phenotypes were discordant. A 31‐year‐old Japanese woman, G0P0, was referred to our institution because of fetal micromelia. After obstetric counseling, the pregnancy was terminated at 21 weeks’ gestation. Post‐mortem radiographs demonstrated severely defective mineralization of the skeleton. The calvarial, spinal, and tubular bones were mostly missing. Only the occipital bones, mandible, clavicles, ribs, one thoracic vertebra, ilia, and tibia were relatively well ossified. The radiological findings suggested lethal HPP. Genetic testing for genomic DNA extracted from the umbilical cord identified compound heterozygous mutations in the ALPL gene (c.532T>C, p.Y178H; c.1559delT, p.Leu520Argfs*86). c.532T>C was a novel variant showing no residual activity of the protein by the functional analysis. The parents were heterozygous carriers. In the next pregnancy, biometric values on fetal ultrasonography at 20 and 26 weeks’ gestation were normal. At 34 weeks, however, a small chest and shortening of distal long bones came to attention. The neonate delivered at 41 weeks showed serum ALP of <5U/L. Radiological examination showed only mild thoracic hypoplasia and metaphyseal mineralization defects of the long bones. ALP replacement therapy was introduced shortly after birth, and the neonate was discharged at day 22 without respiratory distress. Awareness of discordant fetal phenotypes in siblings with HPP precludes a diagnostic error, and enables early medical intervention to mildly affected neonates.
Maternal inheritance of BDNF deletion, with phenotype of obesity and developmental delay in mother and child
Authors: Harcourt Brooke E. , Bullen Denise V. R. , Kao Kung‐Ting , Tassoni Daniella , Alexander Erin J. , Burgess Trent , White Susan M. , Sabin Matthew A.
Published: November 2017

Childhood obesity is a significant world health problem. Understanding the genetic and environmental factors contributing to the development of obesity in childhood is important for the rational design of strategies for obesity prevention and treatment. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the growth and development of the central nervous system, there is also an evidence that BDNF plays a role in regulation of appetite. Disruption of the expression of this gene in a child has been previously reported to result in a phenotype of severe obesity, hyperphagia, impaired cognitive function, and hyperactivity. We report a mother and child, both with micro‐deletions encompassing the BDNF gene locus, who both have obesity and developmental delay, although without hyperactivity. This report highlights the maternal inheritance of a rare genetic cause of childhood obesity.
Orthopaedic manifestations within the 22q11.2 Deletion syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Homans Jelle F. , Tromp Isabel N. , Colo Dino , Schlösser Tom P. C. , Kruyt Moyo C. , Deeney Vincent F. X. , Crowley Terrence B. , McDonald‐McGinn Donna M. , Castelein René M.
Published: November 2017

The 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome with an estimated prevalence of 1:4,000 live births. 22q11.2DS is known to have wide phenotypic variability, including orthopaedic manifestations. The purpose of this systematic review is to increase the awareness of orthopaedic manifestations associated with 22q11.2DS. This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA Guidelines. Original epidemiological studies on the prevalence of orthopaedic manifestations within 22q11.2DS were systematically searched for in PubMed and EMBASE. The included articles were scored according to a risk‐of‐bias tool, a best‐evidence synthesis was performed and the prevalence data was extracted. Sixty‐nine published manuscripts described 58 orthopaedic manifestations in a total of 6,055 patients. The prevalence of at least one cervical or occipital anomaly is 90.5–100% (strong evidence). Fourteen studies (n = 2,264) revealed moderate evidence for a wide scoliosis prevalence of 0.6–60%. Two studies demonstrated that 5–6.4% of all 22q11.2DS patients required surgical scoliosis correction. Fifteen studies (n = 2,115) reported a 1.1–13.3% prevalence of clubfoot with moderate evidence. Other reported orthopaedic manifestations are patellar dislocation (10–20%), juvenile rheumatic arthritis (3.75%), impaired growth and skeletal anomalies like polydactyly (1.0–3.7%), syndactyly (11–11.8%), butterfly vertebrae (11.1%) and 13 ribs (2–19%). Orthopaedic findings are important manifestations of the 22q11.2DS, both in bringing patients to diagnostic attention and in requiring surveillance and appropriate intervention. Data on these manifestations are scattered and incomprehensive. Routinely screening for cervical anomalies, scoliosis, and upper and lower limb malformations is recommended in this vulnerable group of patients.
Immunodeficiency in CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Mehr Sam , Hsu Peter , Campbell Dianne
Published: November 2017

Immunodeficiency can occur in CHARGE syndrome, with immunophenotypes including reduction in T‐cell counts, combined T‐B cell defects rarely requiring antibiotic prophylaxis or immunoglobulin replacement, and severe combined immunodeficiency, which is fatal without immune reconstitution. However, the prevalence of immunodeficiency in CHARGE syndrome remains unclear with few prospective studies. In this review, we examine the existing literature covering immunodeficiency associated with CHARGE syndrome, compare these with immunodeficiencies reported in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (a condition that shares many phenotypic characteristics with CHARGE syndrome) and suggest future research priorities.
Metal‐Free, Visible‐Light‐Mediated Direct C−H Trifluoromethylation of Hydrazones with NADH Coenzyme Model Catalyst
Authors: Huang Bei , Bu Xiao‐Song , Xu Jun , Dai Jian‐Jun , Feng Yi‐Si , Xu Hua‐Jian
Published: November 2017

A metal‐free, visible‐light‐mediated direct C−H bond trifluoromethylation of N,N‐dialkylhydrazones with an NADH coenzyme model catalyst has been developed. The use of NADH coenzyme model makes this reaction more meaningful. Advantages of this reaction include avoidance of transition metal catalysts, high levels of functional group tolerance, and mild reaction conditions. This reaction represents a method to synthesize substituted hydrazones.
A Metal–Organic Framework with Exceptional Activity for C−H Bond Amination
Authors: Wang Le , Agnew Douglas W. , Yu Xiao , Figueroa Joshua S. , Cohen Seth M.
Published: November 2017

The development of catalysts capable of fast, robust C−H bond amination under mild conditions is an unrealized goal despite substantial progress in the field of C−H activation in recent years. A Mn‐based metal–organic framework (CPF‐5) is described that promotes the direct amination of C−H bonds with exceptional activity. CPF‐5 is capable of functionalizing C−H bonds in an intermolecular fashion with unrivaled catalytic stability producing >105 turnovers.
Exploiting the Strong Hydrogen Bond Donor Properties of a Borinic Acid Functionality for Fluoride Anion Recognition
Authors: Chen Chang‐Hong , Gabbaï François P.
Published: November 2017

Borinic acids have typically not been considered as hydrogen bond donor groups in molecular recognition. Described herein is a bifunctional borane/borinic acid derivative (2) in which the two functionalities are connected by a 1,8‐biphenylenediyl backbone. Anion binding studies reveal that 2 readily binds a fluoride anion by formation of a unique B−F⋅⋅⋅H−O−B hydrogen bond. This hydrogen bond is characterized by a short H‐F distance of 1.79(3) Å and a large coupling constant (1JHF) of 57.2 Hz. The magnitude of this interaction, which has also been investigated computationally, augments the fluoride anion binding properties of 2, thus making it compatible with aqueous environments.
Cobalt‐katalysierte elektrophile Aminierung von Aryl‐ und Heteroarylzinkpivalaten mit N‐Hydroxylaminbenzoaten
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hung , Graßl Simon , Knochel Paul
Published: November 2017

Aryl‐ und Heteroarylzinkpivalate wurden mit N‐Hydroxylaminen bei 25 °C in 2–4 h in der Gegenwart von 2.5–5.0 % CoCl2⋅2 LiCl aminiert, wodurch die entsprechenden tertiären arylierten und heteroarylierten Amine in guter Ausbeute erhalten wurden. Diese elektrophile Aminierung ermöglichte auch den Zugang zu Diarylaminen und Aryl(heteroaryl)aminen. Abschließend wurde ein neuer potenzieller Tuberkulosewirkstoff (Q203) in sechs Stufen und 56 % Gesamtausbeute hergestellt, wobei die beschriebene Cobalt‐katalysierte Aminierung für den Schlüsselschritt verwendet wurde.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination of Aryl‐ and Heteroarylzinc Pivalates with N‐Hydroxylamine Benzoates
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hung , Graßl Simon , Knochel Paul
Published: November 2017

Aryl‐ and heteroarylzinc pivalates can be aminated with O‐benzoylhydroxylamines at 25 °C within 2–4 h in the presence of 2.5–5.0 % CoCl2⋅2 LiCl to furnish the corresponding tertiary arylated or heteroarylated amines in good yields. This electrophilic amination also provides access to diarylamines and aryl(heteroaryl)amines. A new tuberculosis drug candidate (Q203) was prepared in six steps and 56 % overall yield by using this cobalt‐catalyzed amination as the key step.
Blockade of Treg Cell Differentiation and Function by the Interleukin‐21–Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Axis Via Suppression of Autophagy in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kato Hiroshi , Perl Andras
Published: November 2017

Objective

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has become a therapeutic target in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In T cells, mTOR plays a central role in lineage specification, including development of regulatory cells (Treg cells). This study sought to investigate whether mTOR is activated within Treg cells and whether this contributes to the depletion and dysfunction of Treg cells in patients with SLE.

Methods

Activities of mTOR complexes 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2) were examined by quantifying phosphorylation of translation initiation factor 4E–binding protein 1, S6 kinase, and Akt in SLE patients relative to age‐ and sex‐matched female healthy control subjects. Polarization of Treg cells from naive CD4+ T cells was assessed in the presence of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐17, and IL‐21. The suppressor function of sorted CD4+CD25+ Treg cells was measured by determining their impact on the proliferation of autologous CD4+CD25− responder T cells. Treg cell expression of FoxP3, GATA‐3, and CTLA‐4 was monitored by flow cytometry. Autophagy was assessed using immunoblotting of light chain 3 lipidation. The effect of mTOR blockade was evaluated by testing the impact of rapamycin treatment on Treg cell function.

Results

SLE Treg cells exhibited increased activities of mTORC1 and mTORC2, whereas autophagy, the expression of GATA‐3 and CTLA‐4, and the suppressor function of Treg cells were diminished. IL‐21, but not IL‐6 or IL‐17, blocked the development of Treg cells. IL‐21 stimulated mTORC1 and mTORC2, and it abrogated the autophagy, differentiation, and function of Treg cells. Moreover, IL‐21 constrained the expression of GATA‐3 and CTLA‐4 selectively in Treg cells. In turn, blockade of mTORC1 by 3‐day rapamycin treatment enhanced transforming growth factor β production, while dual blockade of mTORC1 and mTORC2 by 4‐week rapamycin treatment induced autophagy, restored the expression of GATA‐3 and CTLA‐4, and corrected Treg cell function.

Conclusion

IL‐21–driven mTOR activation is a pharmacologically targetable checkpoint of the deficient autophagy that underlies Treg cell dysfunction in SLE.
New Saturated Delayed Control for a Chain of Integrators with Nonlinear Terms
Authors: Li Meng , Ye Huawen , Kang Jianling , Zhang Juan
Published: November 2017

This paper investigates the saturated delayed stabilization of a chain of integrators with higher‐order nonlinear terms. With the aid of a recent state transformation, the system is transformed into a canonical form in which time delay appears in both input and states. As a result, natural cancellations can be fully used in the saturation reduction analysis, and fewer terms need to be estimated in the asymptotical stability analysis of the reduced system. In addition, a single tuneable parameter is introduced to the special state transformation, which facilitates compensating an arbitrarily large input‐delay. As an example, a simplified inertia wheel pendulum system is provided with an explicit controller and numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested controller.