bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a software solution to an applied mechanics problem based on numerical methods
Authors: Vasylchenko Nikita , Shapovalova Mariia , Fedorov Viktor , Ovcharenko Vitalii
Published: October 2024

The present work delves into the significance of material selection in the manufacturing of tools for milling operations and determines their suitability through a detailed analysis of strength and behavior during material processing. To enhance longevity and optimize production, the utilization of mathematical models and numerical methods, notably the least squares method and the solution of systems of linear algebraic equations (SLAE) employing the Gaussian elimination method with pivot selection, is proposed. These methods are applied for the approximation of experimental data and the analysis of material characteristics, ensuring precision in the evaluation of its properties. Situations where only partial data is known are investigated, along with simplifications in the computation of known functions. The study encompasses software for numerical computation and visualization of various problem types, effectively addressed through the aforementioned methods. The software algorithm for data approximation involves storing information in a text file, user input of variables, and selection of the quantity and type of basis functions. After the user inputs of parameters, the program formulates a system of equations based on selected functions, determines approximation coefficients, and generates a graph for an objective assessment of results. With a user-friendly interface, users can easily interact with the program, input values, and analyze results through graphical representation, streamlining the workflow and facilitating the comprehension of obtained data. The approximation of functions using numerical methods proves to be efficiently applicable in diverse fields for addressing applied mechanics problems.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 05 по 11 октября 2024 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Краснов Ярослав , Осина Наталья , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: October 2024

В обзоре представлена информация по циркулирующим в настоящее время вариантам вируса SARS-COV-2 Omicron вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), геномные последовательности которых размещены в международной базе данных GISAID за неделю с 05 по 11 октября 2024 г.
Lateral Femoral Condyle Stress Fracture in an Ultramarathoner
Authors: Luba Michael , Crawford Zachary , Utz Christopher , Smith Franklin
Published: October 2024

Case:

A 62-year-old ultramarathon athlete presented to the clinic with right posterolateral knee pain for 3 to 4 weeks and muscle tightness. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a right lateral femoral condyle fracture. The fracture was treated conservatively, with return full Ironman competition 14 months later.

Conclusion:

Femoral condyle fractures should be suspected in endurance athletes with nonspecific knee pain to prevent further injury. These fractures are rare, and more studies are needed to determine risk factors, risk classification, and optimal treatment protocol. With rising popularity of ultraendurance events, sports medicine physicians must educate patients on injury recognition and mitigation strategies.
Effect of temperature and extraction time on quality of pectin from arabica coffee pulp
Authors: Muzaifa Murna , Hasni Dian , Munandar Julius , Sulaiman Ismail , Rahmad Dedy , Basyamfar Rini Ariani
Published: October 2024

Coffee is one of the largest commodities in the world. With coffee production more industrialized, waste generated a huge environmental problem. Coffee pulp is the main by-product of coffee processing. One of the components of coffee pulp is pectin. Pectin production from coffee pulp and its characteristics should be studied since extraction conditions used in production vary depending on raw material, desired type of pectin, and process economics. This research aimed to study the characteristics of pectin from coffee pulp extracted using oxalic acid under different times (80 and 90 minutes) and temperatures (100oC and 120oC). The parameters analyzed were yield, equivalent weight, water content, ash content, methoxyl, galacturonic acid, and degree of esterification. The result showed that extraction time and temperature affect the characteristics of pectin. The highest yield was obtained by extraction at 90oC for 90 minutes. The coffee pectin has colored light brown and is categorized as low methoxyl pectin. Overall pectin coffee pulp produced in this study has met the quality requirements of dried pectin by the International Pectin Producer Association (IPPA) standard
Utilization of kepok banana flour and tempeh flour in making flakes
Authors: Dewi Yossie Kharisma , Rumapea Theresia Meilaxty , Pato Usman , ROSSI EVY
Published: October 2024

Utilization of banana flour in making flakes is one of the efforts to diversify flakes products. Flakes made from kepok banana flour have a high carbohydrate but low protein content. According to SNI, the minimum requirement for protein in cereal products is 5%, so to meet the protein content in flakes, it needs to be combined with other ingredients, such as tempeh flour. The use of tempe flour in making flakes made from kepok banana flour is expected to increase the protein content of flakes. This research aimed to determine and obtain the best ratio between kepok banana flour and tempeh flour for making flakes. This research used a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments in this research were the difference in the ratio between kepok banana flour and tempeh flour, namely PT0 (kepok banana flour 100%), PT1 (90:10), PT2 (80:20), and PT3 (70:30). Data were analyzed using variance analysis and then continued with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test at 5% level. The result showed that the ratio of kepok banana flour and tempeh flour significantly affected moisture, ash, fat, protein, crude fiber, carbohydrate contents, crispy resistance in milk, and descriptive and hedonic sensory test. The best ratio of kepok banana flour and tempeh flour was 70:30, respectively. It had 1.77% moisture, 3.39% ash, 11.40% fat, 9,23% protein, 5.52% crude fiber, 74.22% carbohydrate, and crispy resistance in milk 7,61 minutes with a description of light brown, banana and tempeh flavored, crunchy texture, and banana and tempeh taste. Panelists preferred a hedonic assessment of color, aroma, taste, and overall assessment, and panelists preferred the crunchy texture
Aplikasi enkapsulan hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose dan gum arab pada pembuatan bubuk semangka
Authors: Jati Ignasius Radix AP , Hadisaputra Nicolas , Setijawaty Erni , Yoshari Rachel Meiliawati
Published: October 2024

Watermelon is a widely produced fruit in Indonesia. Abundant production and limited utilization make watermelons susceptible to quality loss and damage. Watermelon can be processed into powder to expand the variety of processing and reduce post-harvest losses. Various drying methods can be carried out, while a cabinet dryer at a temperature of 60-65 °C for 6 hours is considered the simplest method. Moreover, encapsulants such as hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and gum arabic can be added. This study aims to apply different encapsulants in the watermelon powder manufacturing process and evaluate their effect on the physicochemical properties of the watermelon powder. A nested factorial randomized block design was used. The nest factor is the type of encapsulant, while the concentration is the nesting factor. The difference in concentration was 2.5 %, 5 % and 7.5 % for both HPMC and gum arabic. Each treatment was repeated four times. Watermelon powder quality parameters evaluated were moisture content, hygroscopicity, total phenol, antioxidant activity, color, and pH. ANOVA with = 5 % was implemented for statistical analysis and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test if a significant difference was observed. The increasing concentration of gum arabic increased the water content (2.19-3.42 %). While hygroscopicity decreased (21.84-17.33 %), total phenol decreased from 1370.91 to 765.23 mg GAE/kg sample. The antioxidant activity of the sample using the DPPH method was decreased (89.29-52.90 %). The use of gum arabic can maintain the red color of powder and the pH in the range of 5.39-5.57. On the other hand, HPMC application can reduce water content (3.32-2.15 %), hygroscopicity level 23.53-17.17 %; total phenol 1172.05-539.09 mg GAE/kg; antioxidant activity 65.88-29.54 %. The HPMC can maintain the red color of powder and increase the pH (5.83-6.30).
Aplikasi kansei engineering untuk desain kemasan kopi excelsa Wonosalam
Authors: Bisma Auditya , Pranowo Dodyk , Hendrawan Yusuf
Published: October 2024

Visual packaging attributes such as brand name, logo, color, packaging form, writing style and graphics are used for product identification and affect the buying decision (willing-to-buy). Framework systematic development of Kansei Engineering using Artificial Neural Networks, an imitation of the human brain used to modelling the learning process of customer assessments. This research aims to analyze the development of packaging designs of Excelsa Wonosalam Coffee based on Kansei Engineering. Kansei Engineering is widely used for developing product designs oriented to the Kansei (emotion) of the customer and relating them to product attributes. Data was obtained by conducting surveys of coffee customers and literature studies. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The packaging design attributes are graphics, color and shape. The combination of Kansei Engineering and Artificial Neural Networks generate packaging design preferences obtained from the modelling of customer assessment of available attributes. Coffee packaging design preferences involve ringin contong graphic, red color, and squircle shape. These design preferences could be a consideration for coffee entrepreneurs for packaging design innovations. This research is expected to provide added value for industry and SMEs to create more attractive designs.
Analisis pengembangan produk abon ikan tuna menggunakan metode quality function deployment (QFD)
Authors: Herdhiansyah Dhian , Ambang Sakinah , Syukri Muhammad , Asriani Asriani , Mariani Mariani
Published: October 2024

The study's purpose was to analyze shredded tuna products' development using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. Research subjects are parties involved in shredded tuna fish products' micro—business determination of the number of samples using the Bernoulli formula. as many as 60. QFD analysis stages include: (1) customer requirements analysis: (2) importance level analysis: (3) satisfaction level analysis: (4) goal value analysis (improvement targets to be achieved): (5) improvement ratio analysis: (6) sales point analysis: (7) natural weight analysis: (8) normalized raw analysis (8) technical requirements analysis: (9) technical requirements score analysis: (10) customer requirements score analysis: (11) technical correlation analysis: and (12) analysis of technical correlation scores. The study's results showed that 34 attributes of shredded tuna products were obtained from as many as 11 technical responses proposed in product development. Furthermore, from the 11 technical responses, eight technical answers were obtained that had a significant influence on the product development plan, including: (1) choosing to use easy-to-read fonts/writings; (2) information on the manufacture of packaging designs: (3) information on the nutritional value of shredded tuna fish in the manufacture of new packaging designs; (4) adding to the composition of the ingredients; (5) inspection of the composition and quality of raw materials; (6) the love tagline for Indonesian products in the new packaging design; (7) make packaging designs with new product brands; and (8) the innovation of making shredded tuna with a variety of new flavors.
Aplikasi sakarifikasi dan fermentasi simultan dalam produksi bioetanol dari rebung bambu
Authors: Ramadhani Griselda Happy , Syamsu Khaswar , Kartika Ika Amalia , Kartawiria Irvan Setiadi
Published: October 2024

Bambu muda atau rebung memiliki sumber selulosa dan berpotensi untuk produksi bioetanol. Rebung juga memiliki kandungan lignin yang rendah yaitu 0,89%, sehingga memungkinkan untuk tidak dilakukan proses pre-treatment. Rebung bambu merupakan salah satu bahan yang berpotensi untuk produksi bioetanol mengingat laju produktivitas yang tinggi yaitu 8.124 kg/ha/tahun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis data produksi bioetanol dari rebung dengan teknik SSF menggunakan konsorsium mikroba Trichoderma reesei dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mikroba T. reesei digunakan untuk menghasilkan enzim selulase yang menghidrolisis selulosa menjadi gula sederhana, sedangkan S. cerevisiae digunakan untuk memproduksi bioetanol dari gula yang dihasilkan sebelumnya. Sintesis bioetanol terdiri dari dua tahap utama yaitu hidrolisis dan fermentasi. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi dilakukan secara terpisah menggunakan metode SHF (Separated Hydrolysis Fermentation), sedangkan pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode SSF (Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation) yang diharapkan menghasilkan efisiensi substrat, Yp/s, dan laju produktivitas bioetanol yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan metode SHF. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan aerasi 1 vvm dan agitasi 125 rpm selama 72 jam.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi  bioetanol tertinggi di waktu 72  jam sebesar 6,94 g/L dengan laju produktivitas bioetanol  0,08 g/L/h dan  rendemen produk (Yp/s) 0,19 g bioetanol/g substrat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rebung merupakan media yang layak untuk produksi bioetanol. Rebung memiliki kandungan selulosa yang potensial sebagai substrat untuk T. reesei dan terbukti menghasilkan bioetanol yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan teknik SHF dengan bambu pada penelitian sebelumnya.
Processing feasibility study of canning teaching factory (TEFA) fish processing unit in Politeknik Negeri Jember as a medium-large-scale industry
Authors: Brilliantina Aulia , Fadhila Putu Tessa , Sucipto Adi , Triardianto Dimas , Suparto Suparto , Wibisono Yossi
Published: October 2024

Fisheries are sector with great potential to meet food needs. Teaching Factory Canning Politeknik Negeri Jember (Polije) is one of the Fish Processing Units (UPI) engaged in canning seasoned sardines. Teaching Factory Canning Polije is a UPI included in the medium-large category. This research aims to determine the processing feasibility of canning teaching factory. Data were collected by interview and checklist analysis referring to the Ministry of Marine Affairs, namely the Decree of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No.Kep.01/MEN/2007. The application of basic eligibility requirements is carried out by analyzing whether there is a discrepancy with existing regulations or deviations, which are then synchronized with the value of the eligibility criteria. The production process of Teaching Factory Canning has followed the processing feasibility certification set by KKP No.Kep.01/MEN/2007 with good eligibility criteria. The assessment is based on 6 minor deviations, 7 significant deviations, and 1 serious deviation. In addition, the GAP Analysis of the UPI TEFA Canning Polije Processing Feasibility Certification showed that the basic feasibility had met the basic requirements and 1 general requirement by correcting the deviations found
Kajian pengembangan agrotechnopreneurship berbasis potensi sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Wibowo Yuli , Herlina Herlina , Soekarno Siswoyo , Wiyono Andi Eko , Windiari Eva Yulia , Lailatul Fajriyah Ajeng Afriska
Published: October 2024

Jember Regency is an agricultural area in East Java Province that produces various agricultural commodities that can be used as a base in developing agrotechnopreneurship activities. In general, this research aims to analyze the potential for agrotechnopreneurship development based on the potential of the agricultural sector in Jember Regency, including subsectors of food crops, horticulture, plantations, fisheries, and livestock. The aspects studied in detail include identifying agrotechnopreneurship products that have the potential to be developed in Jember Regency, determining potential agrotechnopreneurship products in each agricultural subsector, calculating the added value obtained, and estimating market opportunities for potential agrotechnopreneurship products. There are several methods used in this research, including descriptive methods for the identification of agrotechnopreneurship products, the MPE method to determine potential agrotechnopreneurship products, the Hayami method to calculate the added value of potential agrotechnopreneurship products, and Least Square method to calculate the estimated amount of market demand for potential agrotechnopreneurship products. The results showed that the number of agrotechnopreneurship products identified was recorded at 93 products, including products from the food crop subsector (23 products), horticulture subsector (28 products), plantation subsector (17 products), livestock subsector (5 products), and fishery subsector (20 products). Agrotechnopreneurship products selected as potential products include mocaf flour (food crops), chili sauce (horticulture), coconut briquettes (plantation), cow's milk kefir (livestock), and shredded catfish (fishery). Agrotechnopreneurship products that have the highest added value are coconut briquettes (49%) and shredded catfish (45%), followed by cow's milk kefir (39%), mocaf (18%), and chili sauce (10%). The results of the market potential analysis show that the potential agrotechnopreneurship products analyzed have good market prospects and tend to increase market demand.
Ekstraksi berbantu gelombang ultrasonik dan fotodegradasi senyawa antosianin pada tangkai parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume)
Authors: Kunarto Bambang , Putri Aldila Sagitaning , Seno Binardo Adi
Published: October 2024

Parijoto is an endemic plant widely found on the slopes of Mount Muria, Kudus Regency, Central Java. The local community often consumes parijoto fresh fruit and processes parijoto fruit such as syrup, dodol, candy, and tea. So far, the Parijoto stalk, which weighs 18.19% of the total weight of the parijoto stalk and fruit, has not been widely used, but it has great potential as a source of anthocyanin. Anthocyanin compounds have low stability to temperature and light. For this reason, extraction with a relatively low temperature and faster than conventional methods is required, one of which is Ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Ultrasonic waves produce cavitation bubbles, facilitating solvent penetration so that cell bioactive components can be extracted more effectively. This study aimed to determine the effect of ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction time of parijoto stalk anthocyanin and examine the effect of various light exposure intensities and exposure times (photodegradation) on Parijoto stalk anthocyanin extract. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of parijoto stalk anthocyanins used a completely randomized design (CRD) with extraction time (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes) and three treatment repetitions. In photodegradation using a factorial complete randomized design with the treatment of light exposure intensity (2037 lux, 4259 lux, 6482 lux, and 9259 lux) and exposure time (6, 12, 18, and 24 hours). The results showed that the longer the extraction, up to 20 minutes, the total anthocyanin levels, redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) increased while lightness (L*) decreased. The higher the light intensity of the fluorescent lamp and the longer the light exposure, the lower the total anthocyanin content with a lower half-life. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction have proven to be quite effective for the anthocyanin extraction but need to attention with time and light exposure intensity.
Retrospective analysis of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as adjuvant therapy in recurrent intrauterine adhesions
Authors: Wang Yu , Yin Li-Li , Sun Xiao-Fei , Yang Qing , Yu Yan-Qiu , Rong Yao-Xing , Chen Zhe , Wang Guangwei
Published: October 2024

We aimed to retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) as adjuvant therapy for intrauterine adhesion (IUA) and endometrial repair. All patients had menstrual cramps and significantly increased menstrual flow during three rounds of perfusions with MSC compared to before treatment. However, this effect was reversed and there was no significant difference between the menstrual flow one year after treatment vs before treatment. The IUA scores after three rounds of treatment as well as one and two years after treatments were significantly lower compared to before surgery. No IUA recurrence was observed during the 2-year follow-up. Endometrial thickness had significantly increased during treatment. During the two-year follow-up period, one patient conceived naturally. One patient was successfully implanted after invitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Intrauterine perfusion of autologous BM-MSCs, assisted by adhesiolysis, was effective in preventing postoperative IUA recurrence and partially improved the reproductive prognosis.
Lacrimal Sac Cyst: A Retrospective Study on CT and CT-DCG Imaging Characteristics in Adults
Authors: Lan Gong , Lin Tong , Wen Xuetian , Wang Wushuang , Wang Yan
Published: October 2024

Background
Lacrimal sac cysts are rare lesions in the lacrimal drainage system (LDS), originating from the lacrimal sac epithelium. Differentiating these cysts from other lacrimal sac masses is challenging due to limited existing knowledge. This study aims to summarize CT and CT-DCG imaging characteristics of lacrimal sac cysts, aiding clinical classification and differential diagnosis, and to statistically analyze anatomical changes in the LDS of these patients.
Methods
This retrospective case-control study was conducted at the ENT Hospital of Fudan University. Patients diagnosed with lacrimal sac cysts were included, excluding those with certain surgeries, fractures, trauma, or other lacrimal sac masses. Controls were patients with a normal nasolacrimal drainage system undergoing CT examinations for eyeball atrophy or an intraocular foreign body. Anatomical assessments included nasolacrimal duct (NLD) width, lacrimal sac fossa structures, and nasal abnormalities.
Results
The study included 60 participants (50 females, 10 males) with a mean age of 47.43 ± 13.60 years. CT and CT-DCG imaging demonstrated four primary patterns: contrast agent reflux with no enhancement in lachrymal sac, partial thin rim enhancement of cyst wall, fluid level, and cystic lumen with a fluid-filled lightbulb sign. The average distances from the middle turbinate axilla (MTA) to the upper and lower limits of the lacrimal sac fossa (LSF) were 3.34 ± 3.37 mm and 11.00 ± 4.40 mm, respectively. Patients with lacrimal sac cysts exhibited widening of the lacrimal sac fossa, thinner frontal process thickness, and a larger lacrimal bone angle compared to controls, indicating bone remodeling due to the cysts.
Conclusions
Radiological imaging and detailed anatomical evaluations are crucial in diagnosing and managing lacrimal sac cysts. Identifying specific radiological patterns and anatomical changes improves diagnostic accuracy and surgical planning.
Exploration of the Mechanism of Juglone's Anti-Colorectal Cancer Effects Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
Authors: DENG Yunting , ZAHNG Yanan , HUO Jinhai , WANG Weiming
Published: October 2024

Objectives This study aims to explore the mechanism of juglone's anticancer effects against colorectal cancer. The methods including network pharmacology prediction, molecular docking techniques, and cell experiments.
Background Colorectal cancer originates from the mucosal layer of the colon or rectum. It is the third most common cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 10% of all cancer cases. It is also the second leading cause of cancerrelated deaths globally. Improving the treatment outcomes and survival rates of colorectal cancer is urgently needed. Juglone exhibits antiinflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties, and has been used to inhibit tumor cell growth with promising results. However, there is limited experimental research investigating the underlying mechanisms of juglone's inhibition of colorectal cancer.
Methods Utilizing network pharmacology to identify potential targets and pathways of juglone in combating colorectal cancer. Using molecular docking techniques to validate the interaction between Juglone and core targets of colorectal cancer. Evaluating the effects of juglone on colorectal cell proliferation/toxicity through cell experiments, and employing Western blot to assess the expression levels of target proteins, thereby elucidating the potential mechanism of action.
Results We identified that juglone's potential anticolorectal cancer effects involve 51 targets and 156 pathways. Juglone inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation in a dosedependent manner. Western blot experimental results indicate that juglone suppresses the development of colorectal cancer by modulating the expression levels of TP53 proteins.
ConclusionsJuglone exhibits multipathway, multitarget inhibition of colorectal cancer cell growth, providing a basis for clinical treatment of colorectal cancer.
The Impact of Acupuncture on Nausea and Vomiting in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Sung-A , Yeo Sujung , Lim Sabina
Published: October 2024

Background
Nausea and vomiting (NV) are among the most common adverse effects experienced by patients with cancer undergoing treatment worldwide. Because pharmacotherapy is often complicated by medication interactions and causes unwanted side effects, acupuncture may be an optimal candidate for these patients. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for treating NV in patients with cancer.
Methods
Three electronic databases and two clinical registry platforms were searched from inception to October 11th, 2023. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias (ROB).
Results
Fifteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the qualitative review, whereas eight RCTs were analyzed for subsequent quantitative meta-analysis. Meta-analysis demonstrated that acupuncture had a significant effect on cancer patients with delayed vomiting (risk ratio (RR): 0.75; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.58 to 0.97; p = 0.03; I2 = 51%; n = 139). A subgroup analysis con-firmed no significant effect until day 3; however, it became significant on day 5 (RR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.81; p = 0.002; I2 = 0%; n = 92). The most frequently used points were PC6, ST36, CV12, LI4, LR3, and ST25.
Conclusions
In this review, acupuncture showed significant effects on delayed vomiting in cancer patients undergoing various emetogenic cancer-related therapies. These results suggest that clinicians could expect substantial effectiveness with at least five days of acupuncture therapy, with acupuncture points PC6, ST36, CV12, LI4, LR3, and ST25.
Systematic review registration:
the PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD42022333811)
Characterization of natural killer (NK) cells in lung adenocarcinoma and construction of an NK risk signature based on single-cell and macromolecular RNA-seg data
Authors: Tian Chuanxi , Guo Yikun , Lv Tianyi , Yang Daowen
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims: Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in tumor cell apoptosis, immune milieu regulation, and angiogenesis inhibition. This study aims to analyze the NK signature in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and establish an NK cell-based risk signature for predicting the prognosis of LUAD patients. Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were obtained from the GEO database, while RNA-seq and microarray data from LUAD were simultaneously obtained from the TCGA and GEO databases. The scRNA-seq data were processed using the Seurat R package to identify NK clusters based on NK markers. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and tumor samples were identified through differential expression analysis of LUAD-related data. Pearson correlation analysis was used to identify DEGs associated with NK clusters, followed by one-way Cox regression analysis to identify NK cell-related prognostic genes. Subsequently, Lasso regression analysis was employed to construct a risk signature based on NK cell-related prognostic genes. Finally, a column-line diagram model was constructed based on the risk signature and clinicopathological features. Results: Based on the scRNA-seq data, we identified five Natural killer (NK)cells clusters in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), with four of them showing associations with prognosis in LUAD. Out of 19,495 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), a total of 725 genes significantly associated with NK clusters were pinpointed and further narrowed down to form a risk profile comprising 13 genes. These 13 genes were primarily linked to 21 signaling pathways, including vascular smooth muscle contraction, RNA polymerase, and pyrimidine metabolism. Additionally, the risk profile exhibited significant associations with stromal and immune scores, as well as various immune cells. Multifactorial analysis indicated that the risk profile served as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD, and its efficacy in predicting the outcome of immunotherapy was validated. Furthermore, a novel column-line diagram integrating staging and NK-based risk profiles was developed, demonstrating strong predictability and reliability in prognostic forecasting for LUAD. Conclusion: The NK cell-based risk signature proves to be a valuable tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding of NK cell characterization in LUAD could potentially unveil insights into the response of LUAD to immunotherapies and offer novel strategies for cancer treatment.
Full size cave 3D modelling using close range photogrammetry and comparison with laser scanning
Authors: Cazes Gael , Vernant Philippe , Baleux François , Giuliani Carla , Brugal Jean-Philip , Jouves Johan
Published: October 2024

Although underground topography methods have significantly evolved in the past two decades, it is still challenging and often costly to create comprehensive 3D models of caves or artificial cavities. Modern methods used by speleologists, involving the generation of a topographic ‘skeleton’ through laser pointer measurements, enable surveying extensive developments but suffer from a lack of resolution. Conversely, the use of Lidar technologies, while capable of obtaining sub-millimeter scans, implies the use of expensive equipment and precision electronics often unsuitable for this harsh underground environment. In this study, we propose to test the use of low-cost cameras (action-cam type) for the complete 3D modeling of a cave through photogrammetry aiming to compare the results with a Lidar survey based on a series of topographic markers precisely measured with a total station. Our findings indicate that photogrammetry is an approach significantly faster and more adaptable in the field, leading to a substantial reduction in artifacts and shadows compared to static Lidar usage. Although post-processing involving image correlation is more computationally intensive for photogrammetry, we explore various strategies to reduce the calculation times. Ultimately, we demonstrate that the residual positioning errors on the topographic markers are of similar centimetric magnitude to those of Lidar. Recent advancements in computing capabilities now make it feasible to consider the use of photogrammetry for extended underground developments, presenting a promising alternative to the more conventionally employed Lidar in such contexts.
Epidemiological Temporal Trends of Opportunistic Infections and Mortality Rates Among Hospitalized HIV/AIDS Patients: A Retrospective Study in Beijing, China (2012-2022)
Authors: Xu Manman , Ji Shan , Li Tongzeng
Published: October 2024

HIV-associated opportunistic infections (OIs) continue to pose significant challenges in the management of HIV/AIDS patients, influencing hospitalization rates and mortality outcomes. This retrospective study aimed to assess the spectrum of OIs and epidemiological temporal trends among inpatient HIV/AIDS cases at Beijing You'an Hospital from 2012 to 2022.Clinical data of HIV-infected inpatients were analyzed to evaluate the prevalence of OIs, incidence rates, and mortality rates associated with these infections over an 11-year period.Among 10,316 hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients, tuberculosis (18.3%) and Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) (15.3%) were the most common OIs. Over time, a significant decline in the incidence of PCP (from 23.8% in 2012 to 14.7% in 2022, p < 0.05) and tuberculosis (from 23.8% to 7.4%) was observed. Conversely, the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections increased (from 0.3% to 2.7%, p < 0.01). Overall in-hospital mortality rate among HIV patients decreased from 5.5% to 2.1% (p < 0.05) during the study period, with a notable decline in PCP-associated mortality (from 9.2% to 4.1%). The study highlights shifting trends in the epidemiology of OIs among hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients, attributed partly to the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy. Despite declining mortality rates overall, PCP remains a significant contributor to in-hospital mortality among HIV-infected individuals, emphasizing the ongoing need for targeted interventions in managing these infections.
Sleeve Resection of the Bronchus, Pulmonary Artery, and Superior Vena Cava Reconstruction for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Kai-li , Li Pengfei , Qiang Wu , Wen Li , Tang Xiaojun , Zhou qinghua
Published: October 2024

Background
Combined sleeve resection of the bronchus, pulmonary artery (PA), and reconstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC) is occasionally indicated in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. However, simultaneous reconstruction of the SVC, sleeve resection of the bronchus and PA for right upper lobe central-type lung cancers presents significant technical challenges for surgeons. In this study, we describe our experience with this surgical procedure and the associated clinical outcomes.
Methods
From 31st January 2014 to 30th December 2023, 15 patients confirmed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent SVC resection combined with sleeve resection of the bronchus and/or PA following induction treatment were enrolled in this stuy. The surgical approaches employed included mid-sternal incision in 4 patients (26.7%), right posterolateral thoracotomy in 6 patients (40%), and two-step surgical approach (initially via a mid-sternal incision followed by a right posterolateral thoracotomy) in 5 cases (33.3%). Among these patients, 7 (46.7%) cases underwent simultaneous SVC reconstruction and double sleeve resection (bronchus and PA), 3 (20%) underwent simultaneous SVC reconstruction and double sleeve resection (bronchus and PA) with carina reconstruction, 4 (26.7%) underwent simultaneous SVC reconstruction and bronchus sleeve resection, and 1 (6.7%) underwent SVC reconstruction and PA plasty. Systemic lymphadenectomy was performed in all patients.
Results
All resections were completely resectable (R0). Histological analysis revealed 7 patients (46.7%) were adenocarcinoma and 8 (53.3%) patients were squamous cell carcinoma. Besides, 1 (6.7%) patient was classified as stage pT4N0M0-IIIA, 12 (80%) patients as stage pT4N2M0-IIIB, and 2 (13.3%) patients as stage pT4N3M0-IIIC. No perioperative deaths occurred. The major complication rate was 40% after surgery. The median follow-up duration was 29 months, and the overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 80%, 28.6%, and 28.6%, respectively.
Conclusions
Combined resections of the bronchus, PA and SVC are technically feasible and safe for patients with locally advanced NSCLC. For carefully selected patients, this extended resection surgery may lead to favorable long-term survival.
Thumb Metacarpal Reconstruction for Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Using Tricortical Iliac Crest Autograft: A Case Report
Authors: Bohlen Hunter L. , Smith Eric , Lee David , Stitzlein Russell , Rafijah Gregory
Published: October 2024

Background
Giant cell tumor of bone is a benign, aggressive tumor. Giant cell tumor of bone typically presents within the metaphysis/ epiphysis of long bones, however in 1.7-4% of cases, it is found in the hand, with metacarpal involvement in 14.5% of hand cases. Treatment for giant cell tumor of bone ranges from curettage and grafting to wide excision, reconstruction, and amputation in severe cases. Given the morbidity associated with wide excisions of the hand, and the importance of the hand for daily function, advances in reconstructive techniques.
Case Report
This report describes a 19-year-old male with GCTB of the entire thumb metacarpal, treated with a unique one stage wide excision followed by metacarpal reconstruction using a tricortical iliac crest autograft. Using a dorsal approach, the mass was resected. A tricortical iliac crest autograft was harvested and contoured to fit the metacarpal defect. After decortication of the trapezial and proximal phalanx articular surfaces, the graft was fixed to the distal trapezium and proximal phalanx base using two locking plates to achieve fusion of the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints.
Conclusions
Here we present a focused discussion of treatment considerations for this complicated problem given the importance of the thumb and increased forces across the metacarpophalangeal joint in a young laborer. At 13-month follow up, radiographs demonstrated complete graft incorporation with stable hardware. The patient achieved functional range of motion and grip strength, allowing him to return to work as a laborer without restriction. This technique is a novel, reproducible option for patients with tumors requiring wide resection and reconstruction of the thumb, as the contour of the iliac crest closely matches that of the thumb metacarpal.
Application and effectiveness of blended learning in medical imaging via the technology acceptance model
Authors: Sun Xiaofen , Wan Jianghua , Li Zhiqun , Tu Rong , Lin Juan , Li Xiaohua , Chen Jianqiang
Published: October 2024

Blended learning, a combination of online learning and face-to-face instruction, is becoming an increasingly important component of higher education technology. However, there is currently insufficient research addressing students' perceptions of blended learning. Our study aims to investigate the satisfaction and behavioral intentions of students with blended learning in medical imaging. We employed the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which includes four independent variables, to evaluate students' satisfaction and behavioral intentions toward blended learning. The data were collected through the TAM survey, with questionnaires randomly distributed to the students participating in the "Medical Imaging" blended course at Hainan Medical University. A total of 145 valid questionnaires were returned and analysed via SPSS and Smart-PLS 3.3.3. Detailed results. Our results indicate that the practical application of blended learning has a positive and constructive impact and is worth promoting in higher education institutions. The empirical findings could also contribute to the integration of the TAM model to increase the effectiveness of blended learning for students.
Identification of benign from malignant small renal tumors: Is there a possible role of T1 mapping?
Authors: Zhong Lianting , Lian Danlan , Ding Yuqin , Guo Jiefeng , Lin Weifeng , Qu Xiaobo , zhou jianjun
Published: October 2024

Background: Differentiating benign from malignant small renal tumors can help to guide clinical decision-making. T1 mapping enables quantitative assessment of T1 relaxation time and may help to evaluate tumor properties. This study aimed to investigate the possible utility of T1 mapping for quantificationally distinguishing benign from malignant small solid renal tumors.
Methods: The data set used in this retrospective study, consisting of 99 patients with 99 small renal masses (≤4 cm). 78 malignant small renal tumors and 21 benign tumors respectively. Quantitative variables (including pre- and post- T1 mapping) were calculated and compared between different renal tumors. The clinical features and image qualitative characteristics were recorded accordingly. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify independent influencing factors. The diagnostic accuracy of independent influencing factors was represented with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).
Results: The pre-contrast T1 mapping (T1) and the ratio of T1 reduction in malignance were higher than those in benign small renal tumors, while post-contrast T1 mapping was lower (all P < 0.025). In the multivariable logistic regression, the patient’s gender (odds ratio (OR) = 4.987, P = 0.008), patient’s age (OR = 2.026, P = 0.020), and T1 (OR = 3.652, P = 0.001) were independent predictors. For the identification of benign renal tumors, the T1 demonstrated moderate diagnostic efficiency with an AUC of 0.697 (0.596-0.785), a sensitivity of 51.28%, and a specificity of 100% (P < 0.000). The T1+ gender + age model achieved an AUC of 0.832 (0.743-0.899), a sensitivity of 60.26%, and a specificity of 95.26%.
Conclusion: Quantitative T1 mapping parameters may provide an added value in noninvasively distinguishing small benign renal tumors from renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
Blood transcriptomic analysis reveals novel hub gene pathways associated with serum galactose-deficient IgA1 level in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Liu Youxia , Li Hongfen , Wang Fanghao , Xing Yue , Jia Junya , Yan Tiekun
Published: October 2024

Background
We sought to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEG) and biological pathways in blood B cells involved in the production of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) levels in IgA nephropathy (IgAN).
Methods
Deep sequencing on RNA isolated from B cells was used for microarray validation. The relationship between target mRNA expressions and Gd-IgA1 levels in serum were also studied.
Results
The mean Gd-IgA1 level in the high Gd-IgA1 group was 12.377 ± 2.081 µg/mL, while in the low Gd-IgA1 group, it was 3.876 ± 1.636 µg/mL. We identified a total of 5,319 DEGs in our analysis, with 3,863 genes showing upregulation and 1,456 genes showing downregulation in the high Gd-IgA1 group compared to the low Gd-IgA1 group. GO enrichment analysis showed the upregulated genes in the high Gd-IgA1 group were predominantly associated with processes such as platelet degranulation, blood coagulation, hemostasis, platelet activation, and platelet aggregation. Additionally, KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the upregulated genes in the high Gd-IgA1 group were notably enriched in several key pathways, including platelet activation, gap junction, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and the Rap1 signaling pathway. Functional analysis suggested that IgAN patients with high Gd-IgA1 levels exhibited platelet activation. Furthermore, we explored the association between CD62P expression in platelet and Gd-IgA1 levels in patients with IgAN. Our findings revealed that patients with higher CD62P expression also had higher levels of Gd-IgA1. By comparing our transcriptomic data with positional candidate genes identified in these GWAS, we identified 9 overlapping genes. Among the overlapping genes upregulated in the high Gd-IgA1 group were ITGAX, FCRL3, TNFRSF13, RELA, and DEFA1.
Conclusions
The results demonstrate that dysregulated genes in the blood cells of patients with high Gd-IgA1 levels in IgAN are enriched in pathways related to platelet activation. This finding suggests that activated platelets may play a crucial role in the mechanisms underlying the increased production of Gd-IgA1 in IgAN.
Air Embolism Prevention in ECMO Systems: An in Vitro Study on CVC Lumen Protection
Authors: Franco Danilo , Krašna Nejc , Novak Robert , Esposito Giovanni , Izzo Raffaele , Belohlavek Jan , Noc Marko , Goslar Tomaz
Published: October 2024

Air embolism can complicate extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), as the negative pressure in the venous system can unintentionally draw in air. This air can disrupt pump function or enter the patient through the oxygenator, resulting in systemic air embolism. To examine this risk, a circuit model was created to study air entry through the central venous catheter (CVC) and its impact on ECMO performance at varying pump speeds in a veno-venous configuration. The research revealed that the unprotected lumen of the CVC is a potential air entry point. A closed three-way stopcock or clave effectively protects against this risk. Importantly, even small amounts of air produce a distinct hissing sound, serving as an early warning sign. At a pump speed of 4500 revolutions per minute (rpm), just 1 ml of air can pass through the oxygenator into the arterial portion, and 25 ml of air can halt the pump entirely. In conclusion, safeguarding the CVC with appropriate valves and being attentive to sounds in the circuit are critical measures to prevent air embolism during ECMO.
Surgical Parameters Affecting Procedure Duration of Hysteroscopic Fibroid Resection: Results of a Retrospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Riemma Gaetano , Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Lipták Márton György , Ciebiera Michal , Boldogh Bence Zoltán , Mereu Liliana , Kovács Kincső Sára , Török Péter
Published: October 2024

Purpose
To identify and analyze the main surgical parameters affecting the operative time of hysteroscopic fibroid resection.
Methods
This retrospective observational study included 65 cases of outpatient hysteroscopic fibroid resection performed between March 2021 and May 2023 in outpatient office setting. Patients aged 18–50 with various indications such as infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, or abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) were included. The operative time, fibroid size, FIGO classification, and fibroid localization were recorded and analyzed using ANOVA, chi-square test, and linear regression models.
Results
The average operative duration for all surgeries was 557.41 (± 449.52) seconds. A significant correlation between fibroid size and operative time was found in FIGO 0 (p = 0.0003) and FIGO 1 (p < 0.0001) subgroups, with weaker correlation in FIGO II (p = 0.039). FIGO I surgeries took significantly longer than FIGO 0 (p = 0.044), and fundal fibroids were associated with longer operative times compared to posterior fibroids (p = 0.0329).
Conclusion
The size and FIGO classification of fibroids significantly influence operative time during hysteroscopic resection. Smaller and more accessible fibroids (FIGO 0 and 1) are resected faster than those embedded deeper in the uterine wall (FIGO 2). Detailed preoperative evaluation of fibroid characteristics can better predict operative time, aiding in patient preparation and optimized analgesia and perioperative planning as well as optimizing the use of operating theater. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to validate these findings and explore additional influencing factors.