bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of commercially prepared breakfast meals with varying levels of protein on acute satiety in non‐restrained women (823.6)
Authors: Karalus Melinda , Barisas Loretta , Zaripheh Susan
Published: June 2021

Protein (PROT) has consistently been reported to have greater acute satiety effects compared to carbohydrate or fat in equal caloric meals. This study assessed the acute effects of commercially prepared breakfasts varying in PROT on subjective ratings of appetite & energy intake at a subsequent meal in 36 non‐restrained women (BMI 18 ‐ 29 Kg/m2). A within‐subject preload design with repeated measures was conducted. Six conditions (~240kcals) varying in PROT levels were presented in randomized order: 1) no breakfast, 2) turkey sausage, egg‐based breakfast bowl ((TSE‐BB) (40g PROT)), 3) TSE‐BB (23g PROT), 4) TSE‐BB (10g PROT), 5) cereal & milk (8g PROT) & 6) pancakes & syrup (3g PROT). Visual analog scale ratings for appetite (hunger, fullness, prospective consumption, desire to eat) were measured at baseline & 30 min intervals for 240 min. Energy intake was recorded at an ad libitum lunch at 240 min. TSE PROT meals at 23g & 40g showed greater satiety ratings & lower energy intake at lunch vs. the lower PROT (3g & 8g PROT) breakfast meals (P<0.001). All breakfast treatments resulted in greater acute satiety ratings compared to no breakfast (P<0.001). This study shows that commercially prepared, higher protein sausage and egg based breakfast meals provide greater acute appetite control compared to lower‐protein based breakfast meals.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by The Hillshire Brands Company
Portulaca oleracea chemopreventive effects in rats injected with 1, 2 dimethylhydrazine (824.3)
Authors: Dawkins Norma , Stayton Mya , Pace Ralphenia , Gilbreath Ebony
Published: June 2021

Purslane (Portulcace Oleracea) is a widely eaten medicinal plant. This study investigated the chemopreventative effects of purslane in rats injected subcutaneously with dimethylhydrazine (DMH. The objective of this study were: 1) To determine the effects of purslane on colon‐induced carcinogenesis by 1, 2‐Dimethylhydrazine injections; 2) To determine the effects of three levels of purslane‐base diets (PBD) on colon neoplasia, ki67, and cyclooxygenase‐2 expression; 3) To determine the effects of three levels of PBD on prostate function and prostate specific antigen (PSA). Forty animals were divided among four treatment groups and fed PBD for eight weeks. The animals were injected subcutaneously with dimethylhydrazine (20 mg/kg body weight) two times per week for three weeks to stimulate cancer development. Prostates and serum were collected for prostate serum antigen level determination and prostate function. Colon tissues were processed for ki67, and cyclooxygenase 2 immunohistochemical analyses. Levels of prostate serum antigen (PSA), and prostate weight decreased, as purslane levels increased. Expression of ki67 and COX‐2 varied among treatment groups however, ki67 and COX‐2 expression was highest among groups with histological lesions suggestive of lymphoma. No colon cancer was identified however, suggestive lymphoma carcinogenesis was highest among animals fed the 5 % PBD compared to the 7 %. Purslane may be effective in the reduction of weight gain, prostate serum antigen level, and prostate weight, however, no protective effect was observed for lymphoma carcinogenesis and its effect on colon cancer is unclear.
The effect of PCB contamination in fish oil on gene expression involved in inflammation and DNA repair enzymes in rat colon (824.4)
Authors: DeHamer Rebecca , Hong Mee Young
Published: June 2021

Experimental data has indicated that fish oil has health implications in preventing colon cancer prevalence through mechanisms involved in inflammation and DNA repair. However, discussions have yet to include possible environmental contaminant variables found in some fish or fish oil. We investigated the effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB, 4000 ng/ml fat) contaminated fish oil supplementation for 9 weeks in order to examine colonic gene expression involving inflammation and DNA repair enzymes by real time PCR in azoxymethane‐treated rats. Non‐contaminated and contaminated fish oil groups down‐regulated cyclooxygenase‐2 (P=0.040) and Rel A expression (p = 0.003) compared to corn oil group. Both fish oil groups up‐regulated transcription of 06‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase gene, with the non‐contaminated group reporting a larger increase over the PCB contaminated group (P=0.044). These results suggest that dietary fish oil protects against colon cancer by lowering pro‐inflammatory gene levels and elevating DNA repair enzyme gene expression. PCB contaminated fish oil may reduce the beneficial effects of fish oil on colon carcinogenesis. Longer duration and different range of contaminant levels may benefit future studies.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by CHNR08‐810, SDSU UGP and NUTR 302L class.
Independent effects of BMI, CRP and carotenoids, but not diet change, on LPS binding protein concentrations (825.2)
Authors: Umoh Faith , Ren Jianwei , Ruffin Mack , Turgeon D. , Sen Ananda , Brenner Dean , Djunic Zora
Published: June 2021

Mediterranean diets are known to have anti‐inflammatory effects as compared with Western diets, but the etiology of this association is not known. One factor that could contribute to the chronic, low‐grade pro‐inflammatory state that is associated with Western diets is exposure to intestinal bacteria. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide exposures elicit an immune response that is mediated by lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). LBP helps concentrate lipopolysaccharide at membrane toll‐like receptors. In this study, blood samples were obtained from 120 subjects at high risk for colon cancer before and after randomization to either a Mediterranean or Healthy Eating diet for 6 months. There was no significant change in serum LBP concentrations in either diet arm. In evaluating influential factors at baseline, there was a significant inverse correlation between LBP and serum carotenoids (r = ‐0.299, p<0.001), and positive correlations with C‐reactive protein (r =0.323, p<0.001) and BMI (r =0.322, p=0.004). These three factors had independent effects and accounted for 14% of the variability in serum LBP concentrations at baseline. Since the study was designed to maintain baseline weight, it was not possible to evaluate the effects of weight change on LBP levels. Both interventions did increase serum carotenoids, but the study was only 6 months long which could limit any diet intervention effects. Further research should be designed to delineate the relative effects of diet quality and body weight on serum LBP concentrations. Research on methods to quantify bacterial exposures more directly is also needed to enable studies of the links between intestinal microflora, systemic pro‐inflammatory states and cancer.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH grants RO1 CA120381 and P50 CA130810
Dietary patterns and gastric cancer risk in Mexico (825.3)
Authors: Denova‐Gutiérrez Edgar , Hernández‐Ramírez Raúl , López‐Carrillo Lizbeth
Published: June 2021

Objective: To identify the dietary patterns of residents of Mexico City and to assess the association of these patterns with gastric cáncer (GC). Methods: A population based case‐control study with 248 histologically confirmed GC cases and 478 controls paired by age and sex was carried out. The dietary patterns were characterized from 22 food groups through factorial analysis. Results: Three major dietary patterns were identified.

pattern 1 was characterized by the consumption of vegetables, fruits and white meat; subjects in the highest quintile of this pattern had a lower GC risk than those in the lowest quintile [Odds Ratio (ORQ5 vs. Q1) = 0.43; 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 0.24‐0.77; P‐trend=0.010]. The second pattern included food sources containing simple sugars; a comparison between the extreme quintiles of this pattern resulted in the following: ORQ5vs. Q1 =4.80; 95%CI: 2.56‐8.98; P‐trend<0.001). Conclusión:This is the first study of associations between dietary patterns and GC in Mexico to confirm that GC risk is lower in individuals with healthy dietary patterns.

Grant Funding Source: This study was financially supported by CONACYT (Salud‐2002‐001‐7107)
Cholesterol homeostasis actors and survival time after glioblastoma surgery (825.4)
Authors: Olivier Christope , Cartron Pierre‐François , Joalland Marie‐Pierre , Vallette François , Bard Jean‐Marie
Published: June 2021

Background and objective: Lipid composition has been related to the malignancy grade of glial human tumors. Activation of LXR (Liver X Receptor) by nutrients in cancer cells may lead to cell deprivation in cholesterol, inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of apoptosis. The goal of this study is to relate the expression of some proteins driven by LXR with survival time in glioblastoma (GBM).

Methods: Expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, ApoE, VEGFa, PON2, LXRb, FDPS was evaluated by Q‐PCR in tumors obtained after surgery. Relationship with survival time and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models.

Results: ABCG1 (HR= 0,51 [0,27‐0,98] p=0,0418), ABCA1 (HR =0,45 [0,23‐0,88] p=0,0202) and apo E (HR=0,36 [0,18‐0,71] p=0,0030), were inversely associated with survival time. VEGFa (HR = 2,43 [1,25‐4,73] p=0,0087), PON2 (HR= 2,12 [1,11‐4,04] p=0,0224) and FDPS (HR=3,63 [1,82‐7,23] p=0,0002) were positively associated with survival time. LXRb was not associated with survival time (HR=1,74 [0,91‐3,30]p=0,0911). ABCG1 (p=0.041), ApoE (p=0.012) and FDPS (p=0.00038) were correlated with PDGFRb, a marker of aggressiveness.

Conclusion: Expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism is related to survival time in patients with GBM. These results open new perspectives in a nutritional approach of this pathology.
Plasma 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol before and after supplementation in paediatric oncology patients from the UK: a time‐series cross‐sectional study (825.6)
Authors: Revuelta Iniesta Raquel , McKenzie Jane , Ilenia Paciarotti , Mark Brougham , Wilson David
Published: June 2021

Aims: To assess 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D] status before and after macronutrient and micronutrient supplementation in a Scottish paediatric oncology population.

Methods: Plasma 25(OH)D was measured twice in patients aged <18 years, diagnosed and treated for cancer. Supplementation was prescribed according to UK guidelines and consisted of macronutrient (enteral, +/‐ parenteral nutrition) and micronutrient (vitamin D, multivitamins, +/‐macronutrient). 25(OH)D deficiency was classified according to Scottish laboratory reference; suboptimal (50‐75nmol/L), insufficient (25‐50nmol/L) and deficient (<25nmol/L). Descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon test were performed.

Results: 40 patients had plasma 25(OH)D available before and after supplementation. Median (IQR) time between diagnosis and supplementation was 0.29 (0.2‐0.7) years. At baseline, plasma 25(OH)D was suboptimal in 23% of patients and below suboptimal in 62.5%. 17.5% received macronutrient supplementation; of these 43% remained below suboptimal. Median (IQR) 25(OH)D decreased from 77 (42‐81) to 54 (19‐89) nmol/L. Conversely, those supplemented with micronutrients (82.5%) had a significant improvement in 25(OH)D (p<0.001; r‐0.7); median (IQR) increased from 26.5 (15‐37) to 65.5(44‐87) nmol/L; yet 20% remained below suboptimal levels.

Conclusion: 25(OH)D deficiency was highly prevalent, only improving following micronutrient supplementation. To optimise the 25(OH)D status of this population, regular monitoring alongside appropriate supplementation should be incorporated into clinical practice.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Fergus Maclay Leukaemia Trust, Queen Margaret University and Leukaemia and Cancer Trust
Homocysteine is associated with microvascular abnormalities in sickle cell disease (827.13)
Authors: Samarron Sandra , Green Ralph , Miller Joshua , Lin Xin , Wun Ted , Cheung Anthony
Published: June 2021

The pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) includes anemia as well as vasculopathy affecting both the micro‐ and macrovasculature. Elevated plasma homocysteine (HCY) is common in SCD patients and may be associated with increased risk of vascular complications. Microvascular characteristics in the bulbar conjunctiva were assessed in 38 SCD patients (19 pediatric, 19 adult) using computer‐assisted intravital microscopy. A severity index (SI), on a scale of 0‐15, was computed to quantify the degree of microvasculopathy in each subject. Serum folate, B12, and creatinine, and plasma pyridoxal‐5'‐phosphate and HCY were determined for each subject. Associations with SI were assessed by multiple regression analysis, controlling for age and sex. Age was strongly correlated with microvasculopathy in the SCD patients, with the SI increasing about 0.1 unit per 1 year increase in age (p<0.001). HCY was directly correlated with SI after controlling for age and sex (p=0.002). None of the B vitamins or creatinine was significantly correlated with SI. Age and HCY are independent determinants of microvasculopathy in SCD patients. B vitamin supplementation, specifically folate, B12 and B6, lowers HCY levels. High dose B vitamin therapy started early in life may maintain low blood levels of HCY, and possibly prevent or slow the progression of microvasculopathy and its associated complications in SCD patients.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH HL083276
An increase in complex carbohydrate consumption results in higher colonic folate content in African Americans (827.16)
Authors: Chan Yen‐Ming , Ou Junhai , Aufreiter Susanne , O'Connor Deborah , O'Keefe Stephen
Published: June 2021

It has been proposed that inclusion of complex carbohydrates in the diet may increase the production of bacterially synthesized folate impacting the folate concentration of colonocytes. Folate has been extensively studied for its potential colorectal cancer risk‐lowering effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether reciprocal dietary switch between African Americans (AA, usually with low carbohydrates intake) and Native Africans (NA, usually with high carbohydrates intake) affects the production of colonic folate. Colonic evacuants were obtained from 20 NA and 20 AA at baseline. Thereafter, NA were provided with a typical AA diet (protein 27%, fat 52%, carbohydrate 21% and fiber 12g/d) for two weeks. AA were provided with a typical NA diet (protein 14%, fat 16%, carbohydrate 70% and fiber 55 g/d) for 2 weeks. Colonic evacuants were again collected. The folate in evacuants was measured by microbial assay. There was no difference in colonic folate concentration (FC) or total folate content (TF) of NA and AA at baseline. The dietary intervention did not affect the FC (1.3±1.2 vs 1.3±1.2 µg/mL [pre vs post]) or TF (2261±2017 vs 2157±1956 µg/d) in the NA group. However, the high complex carbohydrate, low protein intervention diet consumed by AA resulted in higher FC (1.5±1.3 vs 2.3±1.3 µg/mL; p=0.0003) and TF (2197±2483 vs 3107±1811 µg/d; p=0.0037) compared to baseline. In conclusion, introduction of a high complex carbohydrate, low protein diet resulted in higher production of colonic folate.

Grant Funding Source: by NSERC (#453108) and NIH (#CA135379)
Riboflavin intakes and status of Korean adults (827.3)
Authors: Choi Ji Young , Kim Young‐Nam , Cho Youn‐Ok
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine riboflavin intakes and status of Korean adults. Three consecutive 24‐hour recalls and urine samples were collected from 149 healthy adults (70 males and 79 females), aged 20‐65y, living in Seoul and metropolitan area, Republic of Korea. The mean riboflavin intakes (mean/SD) were 1.33/0.34 mg/day and 0.69/0.16 mg/1000 kcal. The subjects aged 20‐29y had the lowest riboflavin intake, significantly lower than the intakes of 30‐39 y olds (P=<0.05). Approximately 25 % of the subjects consumed riboflavin less than the Korean Estimated Average Requirement and 50 % consumed less than the Korean Recommended Nutrient intake for riboflavin. Average urine riboflavin concentration was 205/190 ug/g creatinine. There was no significant difference in urine riboflavin levels among age groups. Eleven percent of the subjects were riboflavin deficient (urine riboflavin <27 μg/g creatinine), and urine riboflavin concentrations of 20.8 % were 27‐<80 μg/g creatinine, which is representative of low riboflavin status. Therefore, one‐third of these Korean adults were at risk of inadequate riboflavin status. Korean adults may need to be encouraged to consume riboflavin‐rich foods.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by 2013 research fund of National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF‐2011‐0021273)
Formate: a key metabolite for the fetus and neonatal animal (827.5)
Authors: Brosnan John , Washburn Shannon , Harnett Brian , MacMillan Luke , Pongnopparat Theerawat , Brosnan Margaret
Published: June 2021

One‐carbon metabolism, mediated by tetrahydrofolate (THF), is critical for nucleotide synthesis and for methylation reactions, including DNA methylation and the synthesis of small molecules such as creatine and phosphatidylcholine. In addition to one‐carbon groups carried by THF it is apparent that formate is also a key intermediate in one‐carbon metabolism. Produced within mitochondria, formate is released to the cytosol, and incorporated into 10‐formyl‐THF where it may be directly used for purine synthesis or converted to more reduced forms for thymidylate synthesis and for the methylation of homocysteine to methionine. We employed a GC/MS, isotope dilution assay to measure formate levels in situations of rapid growth and development. Plasma [formate] was ~40 uM in adult rats; however, levels of ~400 uM were evident in neonatal (2‐3 days old) rats, declining to adult levels at about 56 days. Plasma [formate] was ~10 uM in non‐pregnant ewes; this increases to ~40 uM during pregnancy. Much higher levels were found in plasma from fetal lambs and amniotic fluid (116‐121 days gestation). We suggest that these data point to a key role for formate in growing organisms, possibly in distributing one‐carbon groups to different organs. (Supported by CIHR, RDC).

Grant Funding Source: CIHR, RDC
Association of one‐carbon and tryptophan metabolites with vitamin B‐6 concentrations in oral contraceptive users (827.7)
Authors: Rios‐Avila Luisa , Coats Bonnie , Chi Yueh‐Yun , Midttun Øivind , Ueland Per , Stacpoole Peter , Gregory Jesse
Published: June 2021

Vitamin B‐6 in the form of pyridoxal 5’‐phosphate (PLP) serves as a coenzyme in 1C metabolism and tryptophan (trp) catabolism. In 1C metabolism, PLP acts a coenzyme for serine hydroxymethyltransferase and glycine decarboxylase (glycine‐cleavage system) involved in the provision of 1C units, as well as for the transsulfuration enzymes, cystathionine β‐synthase and cystathionine γ‐lyase. In trp catabolism, PLP is a cofactor for kynureninase and kynurenine aminotransferase. Associations between plasma PLP and changes in metabolites involved in these pathways have previously been reported. We investigated the associations between plasma PLP with 1C and trp metabolites in 165 oral contraceptive users (20‐40 y) from Gainesville, Florida. Plasma concentrations of PLP, homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinylglycine and glutathione were measured by HPLC. Plasma concentrations of other major 1C and trp metabolites were measured by LC‐MS/MS. Associations of PLP concentrations (14.4‐189 nmol/l) with 1C metabolite concentrations were explored by Pearson’s product‐moment correlation. Preliminary data showed a weak negative association of PLP with homocysteine, a moderate negative association of PLP with glutathione (P < 0.05), and a weak positive association of PLP with cysteine and cysteinylglycine concentrations, separately (P < 0.05).

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH Grant DK072398 and NIH CTSA grant 1UL1RR029890.
B vitamins reduce body weight gain and increase metabolism related enzyme activities in rats (828.11)
Authors: Aiguo Ma , Zheng Ying , Wang Qiuzhen , Li Yong , Liang Hui , Han Xiuxia , Schouten Evert , Wu Da Yong
Published: June 2021

B vitamins as enzyme cofactors play an important role in energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether B vitamins can affect body weight (BW) and activity of energy metabolism‐related enzymes in an animal model. Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided to 3 groups and were fed a diet containing 10% fat (LF), a diet containing 45% fat (HF), or a HF diet supplemented with B vitamins (100 mg/kg BW for both thiamine and riboflavin, 250 mg/kg niacin) (HF+B). After rats were fed for 12 weeks, HF group had significantly larger weight gain than LF group (285.2±14.8 g versus 159.1±53.0 g, P<0.05), while HF+B group had a weight gain (154.5±58.4 g) not significantly different from that in LF group. In addition, compared to HF group, HF+B group had significantly lower levels of plasma total cholesterol (1.19±0.18 mM versus 1.59±0.30 mM), and triglyceride (0.76±0.34 mM versus 1.55±0.40 mM). Activity of transketolase, glutathione reductase, and Na+/K+ adenosine triphosphatase was higher in HF+B group than that in HF group. In conclusion, B vitamin supplementation reduces HF‐induced weigh gain and increase in blood lipids, which may be associated with enhanced activity of the energy metabolism‐related enzymes.

Grant Funding Source: NSFC‐81172662
Effect of dried California mission figs on minerals status and food replacement (828.12)
Authors: Alshaeri Heba , Natto Zuhair , Tonstad Serena , Haddad Ella , Jaceldo‐Siegl Karen
Published: June 2021

Background and Objective: Figs are a rich source of several minerals and fibers. We investigated the effect of consuming dried California Mission figs on different minerals, nutrients and the effect of adding figs to a self‐selected habitual diet on dietary patterns.

Methods: A total of 88 subjects in a cross design study with the mean of age about 56 years were randomized to either eat their usual diet for 5 weeks or add dried California Mission figs (120 grams/day) to their usual diet for 5 weeks, then crossed over to the other group for another 5 weeks. Six 24‐hour dietary recalls and four blood samples were obtained from each subject.

Results: Diets reported by 24 diet recall during the fig‐supplemented diet period had significantly higher calcium , and potassium in dietary and total phase (p value < 0.05). However, minerals reported by biochemical Analyses from blood sample were almost similar during figs‐added or usual diet. By eating figs, the estimated displacement suggests that an additional 4% dessert, 5% vegetables, 10% dairy products, 23% grain products, and 168% of beverages from other sources was eliminated.

Conclusions: Daily consumption of figs may increase several minerals based on 24 hours recall. Minerals in blood samples were not significantly changed.
Very low birth weight infant vitamin D supplementation: double‐blind, randomized clinical efficacy trial (828.13)
Authors: Taylor Sarah , Wagner Carol , Finch Carolyn , Ebeling Myla , Hollis Bruce
Published: June 2021

Objective: To evaluate whether infants receiving a supplemental 400 IU/day above standard preterm infant vitamin D (vitD) supplementation differed in mineral and bone health from infants receiving placebo.

Methods: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 20 ng/ml (vitD deficiency) were enrolled within 3 days of birth and randomized to active (400 IU/day supplemental vitD) or placebo group until term age equivalent (TAE). At TAE, plasma 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus, urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion, and femur and spine bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured. Statistical analysis was by Chi‐square, Fisher exact, and Wilcoxon Rank Sum.

Results: Thirty‐eight (19 each group) vitD‐deficient infants were enrolled and followed at TAE. Active and control groups did not significantly differ in gender, race, birth gestational age, days from birth to TAE visit, or 25(OH)D at entry (13.6 and 11.8 ng/ml). From birth to TAE, median total vitD intake was significantly different between active and placebo groups (942 IU/day and 525 IU/day) (p<0.0001). At TAE, active and placebo groups were not statistically different in vitD deficiency, 25(OH)D status (32.9 and 28.9 ng/ml), calcium, phosphorus, PTH, urinary calcium excretion, urinary phosphorus excretion, and femur and spine BMC and BMD.

Conclusions: VLBW infants receiving an additional 400 IU/day vitD received significantly higher vitD intake, but had no difference in vitD status, mineral homeostasis, or bone mineralization at term age.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH K23 RR021891 and RR1070
Effect of water‐soluble silicon supplementation on bone status and balance of Ca, Mg, and Si in male adult mice (828.14)
Authors: Kim Mi‐Hyun , Jung Ji‐Youn , Kim Hyun‐Jin , Kim Eun‐Jin , Choi Mi‐Kyeong
Published: June 2021

Silicon (Si) is important for the growth and development of bone and connective tissues. Several studies have reported that Si supplement improved bone mineral density in female OVX rats. However, few studies have investigated the effects of Si supplementation on bone status and bone metabolism in male animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Si supplementation on bone mineral density and balance of Ca, Mg, and Si in growing adult male mice. Si was administrated orally through demineralized water containing different contents of Si as a form of sodium meta‐silicate (0%; control, 0.025%; Si50, 0.050%; Si100, and 0.075%; Si150) to 9‐week‐old male mice for 4 weeks. Si supplementation did not alter weight gain or BMD of femur and tibia in male mice. However, a high level of Si (0.05% and 0.075%) supplementation significantly decreased Mg retention without changing Ca retention. Serum alkaline phosphatase of Si‐supplemented groups significantly decreased. According to these results, short‐term Si supplementation did not affect BMD but showed possible negative effects on Mg retention and bone metabolism in male adult mice.
Vitamin C supplementation (1000 mg/d) increased physical activity and reduced cold symptoms in young men with adequate‐to‐low vitamin C status (828.3)
Authors: Johnston Carol , Barkyoumb Gillean , Schumacher Sara
Published: June 2021

Nearly 25% of US adults have below adequate vitamin C status (plasma concentrations <28 µmol/L), and 6% of the adult population is classified as deficient (<11 µmol/L). Poor vitamin C status is underdiagnosed as early indications are unremarkable (fatigue, malaise, depression). Such feelings may manifest as a reduced desire to be physically active; moreover, hypovitaminosis C may be associated with increased cold duration and severity. This double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized study examined the impact of vitamin C (1000 mg daily) on physical activity (PA) and symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections in men during the peak of the cold season. Consenting adults (23.2±3.6 y; 25.1±3.9 kg/m2; 29.5±8.7 μmol/L) completed the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey‐21 daily and the Godin Leisure‐Time Exercise Questionnaire weekly. PA was lower in controls (n=14) over the course of the 8‐week trial in comparison to the vitamin C group (n=15) (METs: +5.9±3.2 and +18.2±5.9 kcal· kg‐1· wk‐1; p=0.046). The overall cold symptom severity score was 4‐fold higher for controls versus the vitamin C group (2.4±0.7 and 0.6±0.1; p=0.010). The incidence of colds was also higher in controls as compared to the vitamin C group (2.2±0.7 and 0.3±0.1 colds; p=0.008). These data suggest measurable health advantages associated with moderate vitamin C supplementation in a population with adequate‐to‐low vitamin C status.
δ‐Tocotrienol tend to attenuate plasma triglyceride levels (829.12)
Authors: Gu Xuan , Min Byungjick , Lee Sun‐ok
Published: June 2021

Tocotrienols have been shown to reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. α‐ and γ‐tocotrienols are predominant forms of tocotrienols on the market. An animal study was conducted to examine the hypocholesterolemic effects of δ‐tocotrienol. 45 male Sprague Dawley rats (6 week old) were randomly assigned into four groups: normal fat control group (NFC) (n=9), high fat control group (HFC) (n=12), pure δ‐ tocotrienol group (dT3) (n=12), and δ‐tocotrienol rich oil group (DGT) (n=12). The NFC received AIN 93 diet (10% of energy from fat) and the other groups received high fat diet (38% of energy from fat) for 3 weeks. The treatment groups were gavaged with 20 mg dT3 and 25.25 mg DGT dispensed in 0.5ml of 5% tween‐eighty. The control groups were treated with the same vehicle alone in the same manner. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for cholesterol profile. Plasma triglyceride was 7% and 12% lower in dT3 and DGT groups than HFC group. No significant differences were found in plasma total and HDL cholesterol levels. The results indicate δ‐ tocotrienol would be assist in lowering plasma triglyceride levels and may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Arkansas Bioscience Institute (ABI)
Effect of al‐ajwa date polyphenol extract on plasma and liver lipid and antioxidantt enzymes in hypercholesterolemic rats (829.21)
Authors: Osman Magdi
Published: June 2021

Al‐ajwa date is consider one of the most important date fruit in Saudia Arabia. The date is grown in North ‐western region ( Almadia al‐Monwara). Chemical analysis showed that its high carbohydrates, energy and potassium. The date is rich source of polyphenols due it dark color. Little is known about hypolipidemic effect of Al‐ajwa polyphenol extracts. The present reports on extraction of date polyphenol using different solvents system, determination of total phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant activities and investigation on the effect of various level of polyphenol extract plasma and liver lipid and antioxidant enzymes in hypercholesterolemic albino rats. Results revealed that acetone (50%) was the most efficient solvent with highest total and flavoinoid l level and antioxidant activities. Plasma and liver analysis showed that treatment of rats with (25, 50, or 100mg extract/kg body weight) significantly decreased total cholesterol and LDLc and increased HDLc compared to cholesterol control. However no significant differences was observed in VLDLc and T.G. Addition of cholesterol in rat diets significantly reduced glutathionr peroxidase (GPX), superoxide mutase and catalase activities. Treatment of rats with 100mg extract significantly increased GPX activities in plasma but not in liver. There was insignificant increase in SOD and catalase acitivities in both plasma and liver with Different extract levels. .

Grant Funding Source: King Abdal Aziz City for Science and Technology
Wheat bran with unbound ferulic acid does not alter obesity, insulin resistance or fatty liver in obese rats compared to wheat bran with bound ferulic acid (829.22)
Authors: Brockman David , Gallaher Daniel , Bunzel Mirko , Fink Ryan , Arikawa Andrea
Published: June 2021

Ferulic acid, the major phenolic acid found in wheat bran, has antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, almost all is bound to arabinoxylans and is therefore minimally absorbed. In this study, we determined the effect of wheat bran with bound and unbound (released by a fermentation process) ferulic acid on the development of obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver in a model of diet‐induced obesity. Rats were fed a high fat diet (35% fat by weight) containing no wheat bran (CON) or 15% wheat bran with either bound (BF; 300 mg/kg diet; 2% free ferulic acid) or unbound (UF; 318 mg/kg diet; 47% free ferulic acid) ferulic acid. After 8 weeks, the BF and UF groups were not different in body weight, epididymal fat pad weight or area under the curve for glucose and insulin tolerance tests compared to the CON group, indicating that 15% wheat bran does not influence adiposity or insulin resistance. However, BF and UF reduced liver lipid levels compared to the CON group, suggesting a decrease in fatty liver. There was no reduction in bodyweight, epididymal fat pad weight, insulin resistance or liver lipids in the UF group compared to the BF group. Additionally, plasma C‐reactive protein, lipopolysaccharide and 24h urinary TBARS did not differ between the UF and BF groups. Wheat bran processed to release ferulic acid offered no apparent advantage relative to unprocessed wheat bran.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Healthy Foods Healthy Lives, Univ. of MN
Effect of long‐term administration of arginyl‐fructose on hyperglycemia and HbA1c in db/db mice model (829.30)
Authors: Choi Hwang‐Yong , Kang Bou‐Hee , HA Kyoung‐Soo , Lee Mee Sook , Kim Young‐Cheul , Kim Young‐Ho , Jang Hea‐Dong , Kwon Young‐In
Published: June 2021

To test whether Arginyl‐fructose (AF) play a role in the blood glucose lowering in db/db mice model, db/db mice were randomly assigned to high‐carbohydrate diets (66.1% corn starch), in AF contents (4% in diet) for 6 weeks. Changes in body weight, blood glucose level, and food intake were measured daily for 42 days. Administration of AF resulted in a significant decrease of blood glucose level and body weight. The level of HbA1c relevant to seriousness of diabetes was also significantly decreased during 6 weeks. Administration of acarbose® (0.04% in diet), positive control, also significantly alleviated the level of blood glucose, HbA1c, andb body weight. These results indicate that AF Maillard reaction product may have anti‐diabetic effect by suppressing carbohydrate absorption in the gastrointestinal level
Effects of watermelon powder on antioxidant capacity, inflammation and lipid profiles in DSS‐treated rats fed an atherogenic diet (830.1)
Authors: Hartig Nicole , Hooshmand Shirin , Kern Mark , Figueroa Arturo , Hong Mee Young
Published: June 2021

Functional foods are emerging as important means for the improvement of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Watermelon is high in antioxidants, which help reduce inflammation, a risk factor for CVD. The goal of the study was to determine the effects of watermelon powder on antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity, inflammation and lipid profiles. Forty male weanling (21 days old) Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four groups (10/group, total N=40) in a 2(diet) x 2(treatment) factorial design using an atherogenic diet with or without watermelon powder supplementation (0.2% by wt) for 30 days, and with or without Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) as an inflammation inducing agent for 48 hours. Watermelon powder groups exhibited significantly lower serum triglycerides (P=0.031), total cholesterol (P<0.001), LDL‐cholesterol (P<0.001), C‐reactive protein levels (P=0.001) and lactate dehydrogenase (P<0.001) and significantly higher HDL‐cholesterol levels (P=0.041). Total antioxidant capacity was greater in watermelon powder groups (P=0.049). These findings support watermelon powder use to improve risk factors for CVD by altering antioxidant status, inflammation and lipid profiles.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NUTR 302L class
Improvement in total antioxidant function and skin reflectance following dietary carotenoid supplementation (830.13)
Authors: Young Devin , Quan Danyi , Xiong Wade , Talbott Shawn
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Carotenoids have health benefits for skin (beta‐carotene), prostate (lycopene), and eye (lutein). Various techniques are used to assess antioxidant levels. OBJECTIVE: We used three techniques to measure antioxidant status following dietary carotenoid supplementation; Total Antioxidant Function (Spectracell SpectroxTM); Lymphocyte Proliferation Index (Spectracell ImmunidexTM); and Reflectance Spectroscopy (MonaVie ViewTM). METHODS: Thirty‐nine healthy volunteers were supplemented daily with a carotenoid blend (60% beta‐carotene, 27% lycopene, 13% lutein) at 5mg (Low, N=11), 7.5mg (Med, N=8), 30mg (High, N=11), or 0mg (Control, N=9). Blood samples (Spectrox/Immunidex) and skin reflectance scores (View) were taken at Baseline and Week 8. RESULTS: Control subjects showed no significant change in any measure. Post‐supplementation, skin reflectance scores (View) were higher in all three groups; Low (+24%); Med (+89%); and High (+136%); total antioxidant function (Spectrox) was higher post‐supplementation in Low (+22%), but not in Med or High; and lymphocyte proliferation (Immunidex) was higher in Low (+10%) and Med (+12%), but not High. CONCLUSION: These results suggest differential responses of antioxidant assessment techniques and indicate the need for further research on the relationship between antioxidant intake, assessment technique, and health effects.
Effects of topically applied Rhododendron molle (Blume) G. Don. extract on mouse hair growth under mild chronic stress (830.16)
Authors: Lee Bog‐Hieu , Choi Joo‐Yeon , Yu Miri , Jeong Gi Hee , Sung Ki‐Seung , Han Chan‐Kyu
Published: June 2021

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Rhododendron molle (Blume) G. Don. extract on hair growth with mental stress. Six‐week‐old female C57BL/6 mice were divided into six experimental groups(n=8/group); the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (NC), the DMSO stress group (NCS), the minoxidil group (PC), the minoxidil stress group (PCS), the Rhododendron molle (Blume) G. Don. extract group (RMD), and RMD stress group (RMDS). Hairs of animals were shaved on the dorsal skin before the study and 200 μl once a day of test samples were topically applied for 3 weeks everyday. We observed morphology, length of hair follicle, and no. of mast cells, stem cell factors (SCF) and substance P in skin tissues. Hair follicle depth of RMD(562.0μm) and RMDS(499.2μm) groups were higher than those of NC, NCS, PC and PCS groups. Mast cell number of RMD group(1.4) was the lowest and that of NCS the highest((16.6)(p<0.001). Also, SCF of follicles in RMD‐treated groups was immunohistochemically stained strongly than any other groups. While substance P expression in RMD group was the lowest compared to other groups. From the findings, topical application of RMD extracts increased hair follicle length, hair growth factors, and decreased mast cell and substance P expression. Therefore, it would be beneficial for preventing hair loss or promoting hair growrh. Further research should be conducted to clarify the mechanism of action related to RMD extracts.

Grant Funding Source: supported by Basic Science Research Program through the Natiional Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)
Anti‐inflammatory activities of licorice‐derived prenylflavonoids (830.30)
Authors: Kang Hye Ryung , Seo Ji Yeon , Kim Seong Soon , Kim Bo Ram , Zakharova Alexandra , Woo Ji Eun , Kim Mi Hye , Han Mi Kyung , Kim Jong‐Sang
Published: June 2021

Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice) is a widely used oriental herbal medicine from which dehydroglyasperin C (DGC), dehydroglyasperin D (DGD), and isoangustone A (IsoA) are derived. Our previous study demonstrated that these three compounds isolated from licorice had the strongest antioxidant activities in vitro system. The objective of current study is to investigate which compound isolated from licorice has the highest anti‐inflammatory activity. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines were determined for the media of murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The effect of prenylflavonoids on the expression of LPS‐induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)‐kappa B p65 were assessed by Western blotting. In addition, we confirmed that the nuclear localization of NF‐κB was blocked by prenylflavonoids as assessed by immunocytochemistry. Thus, prenylflavonoids merit further study to evaluate their practical usefulness as anti‐inflammatory agents and/or functional food ingredients.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NRF‐2010‐0027204 and 2011‐0009782 and IPET (High Value‐added Food TechnologyDevelopment Program, 2012, 112066‐3), S. Korea
Effects of cooking process on antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory activities of black rice extracts (830.4)
Authors: Bhawamai Sassy , Chen Yue‐Hwa
Published: June 2021

Black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica), a special rice cultivar widely consumed in Asia countries, contains high levels of anthocyanins and are known to possess health‐promoting effects. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of cooking processes on total anthocyanin content as well as antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of raw and cooked black rice. The rice was soaked and washed for 1‐3 times followed by cooking in a rice cooker. After freeze‐dried, the rice was extracted with acidified methanol, and the in vitro antioxidative activities as well as the anti‐inflammatory properties of the extract were determined. The results indicated that the cooking process significantly decreased total anthocyanin contents in the rice, while the washing time had no effects on the anthocyanin contents in cooked rice. Correspondingly, raw rice showed a higher scavenging activity as demonstrated from DPPH assay, whereas the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) showed no difference among extracts. Besides, all extracts inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF‐α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS‐)‐activated RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no effects on stimulated interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β. In summary, black rice, both raw and cooked, possessed in vitro antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory activities by possessing DPPH scavenging activity and by inhibiting activated NO and TNF‐α production, respectively, and cooking process decreased the anthocyanin contents and reduced the potency of these activities.
Sulforaphane attenuates inflammation by decreasing Toll‐like receptor 2 and 4 expression and activity in human monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (830.5)
Authors: Mein Jonathan , Wang Fu‐Zhang , Jiang Qi , James Don , Boddupalli Sekhar , Devaraj Sridevi
Published: June 2021

The phytonutrient sulforaphane (SF), which is naturally derived from glucoraphanin found in broccoli, is a potent antioxidant enzyme inducer. The immune system, comprised of both the innate and adaptive immune response, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, which is a key underlying mechanism in many chronic diseases. The objective of the study was to investigate the immuno‐inflammatory modulating effect of SF on stimulated human monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). SF time (8 and 24 hrs) and dose (0 ‐ 20 uM) dependently attenuated TLR2 and TLR4 expression by flow cytometry, decreased MYD88 and NFKB activity, and attenuated the secretion of several inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, including MCP‐1, IL‐1beta, IL‐6, IL‐12, TNFalpha, and IFNgamma, achieving apparent IC50 concentrations of 0.5 ‐ 10 uM. Gene expression analyses of 184 key pro/anti‐inflammatory genes provide further insights into the effect of SF on underlying mechanisms of immuno‐inflammatory modulation. In summary, SF modulates in vitro inflammatory activation in stimulated human monocytes and PBMCs within the range of human plasma SF concentrations achieved through consumption of high glucoraphanin broccoli.
Effects of modified dietary fiber from pomelo peel on regulation of rats blood and muscle glycogen (831.1)
Authors: Wang Qiang
Published: June 2021

In this study, crude modified pomelo peel dietary fibers were obtained from superfine crushing and puffing technology. The ninety of rats fed added high and low level of modified pomelo peel as partly of rats dietary were random allocated into six groups. Some significant physiological parameters were measured including rats’ weight, hepatic glycogen, muscle glycogen and total antioxidant capacity. In our work, the effects of modified pomelo peel dietary fiber on rats’ blood sugar and the content of intramuscular glycogen have been studied. The results show that pomelo peel dietary fiber can effectively reduce rats’ tissue and the glycogen levels in their blood. Compared with the group of high sugar model injected streptozotocin, superfine comminuted group could remarkably reduce the rats’ blood glucose (66%), insulin (12.1%) and glycosylated serum protein (47.5%). Besides, the C‐peptide (35.7%) and the total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC, 51.9%) were remarkably increased (p<0.05). The results also indicate that the food filled with modified pomelo peel can significantly decrease the content of blood glucose and insulin in the rats’ blood, and enhance the different levels of rats serum total antioxidant capacity (p<0.05). These results were also valuable for developing foods with functional pomelo peel dietary fiber and also the utilization of pomelo peels as by‐products.
Chronic consumption of a high polyphenol content cranberry beverage improved glucoregulation and HDL cholesterol in healthy but overweight humans (831.10)
Authors: Mathison Bridget , Kimble Lindsey , McKay Diane , Chen C‐Y. Oliver , Blumberg Jeffrey , Kaspar Kerrie , Khoo Christina , Chew Boon
Published: June 2021

Few studies are available on the putative cardioprotective role of cranberry juice. We studied the health benefits of chronic cranberry beverage consumption on glucoregulation and cholesterol metabolism in overweight but otherwise healthy humans. Seventy eight men and women (30‐70 y) with abdominal adiposity (BMI: 27‐35 kg/m2; waist:hip >0.8 for women and >0.9 for men; waist:height 蠅0.5) consumed 15.2 oz placebo or a high polyphenol content cranberry extract beverage (CEB) daily for 8 wk in a randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 h after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline, following a single dose of cranberry beverage, and after 8 wk chronic beverage intervention. Compared to placebo, a single dose of CEB decreased (P<0.05) serum glucose concentrations 1 h post‐OGTT and this trend tended to be sustained (P=0.08) following chronic CEB intervention. CEB consumption also decreased (P<0.05) serum insulin following OGTT after chronic beverage intervention and increased (P<0.05) HDL cholesterol as compared to placebo. An acute dose of cranberry beverage improved glucose tolerance, while 8 wk chronic consumption reduced cardiovascular disease risk factors by improving glucoregulation and increasing HDL cholesterol.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. and USDA
Cardiovascular benefits of cocoa flavanols in the healthy general population: relevance to dietary recommendations (831.13)
Authors: Heiss Christian
Published: June 2021

Accumulating evidence from dietary intervention studies suggest that diets rich in flavanols are causally related to cardiovascular health benefits in humans. In order to consider flavanols as potential candidates for inclusion in future dietary recommendations, it is necessary to assess the efficacy, relevance, and applicability to the general public. Therefore, the pan‐European research consortium FLAVIOLA aimed at investigating the cardiovascular effects of cocoa flavanol (CF) intake in various cohorts representing a broader segment of the healthy population. In particular, we investigated the efficacy of CF from a gender‐ and age perspective in healthy people. Our data demonstrate that CF intake exerts beneficial effects on various accredited cardiovascular endpoints in healthy men and women across all the ages and groups investigated. Taken together, we provide direct evidence for population‐based health benefits, thus supporting a potential role for cocoa flavanols in primary cardiovascular disease prevention and future dietary guidelines.

Grant Funding Source: FLAVIOLA Consortium, European Union 7th Framework Program