bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slow Contraction of Flash Aurora Induced by an Isolated Chorus Element Ranging From Lower‐Band to Upper‐Band Frequencies in the Source Region
Authors: Ozaki Mitsunori , Yagitani Satoshi , Shiokawa Kazuo , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Ogawa Yasunobu , Hosokawa Keisuke , Kasahara Yoshiya , Ebihara Yusuke , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Imamura Kousuke , Kataoka Ryuho , Oyama Shin‐ichiro , Chida Teppei , Kadokura Akira
Published: April 2022

Flash aurora driven by an isolated chorus element can be a useful ionospheric indicator for identifying the source wave properties via wave‐particle interactions. Using ground observation and modeling approaches, here we report the temporal characteristics of flash aurora that depend on the chorus frequency width and the sweep rate. We found that the contraction time increases more than the expansion time in patchy auroral variations, due to the difference in the minimum electron energies resonated with the chorus wave packet away from the equatorial source to higher latitudes. Especially, the contraction time strongly depends on the higher‐frequency chorus waves due to cyclotron resonance with lower‐energy electrons. The model calculations support that the chorus element ranges from lower‐band to upper‐band frequencies with respect to half the gyrofrequency at the exact generation region. Our study provides the prompt (milliseconds) chorus‐driven electron dynamics through the spatiotemporal characteristics of flash aurora in the ionosphere.
Deep Learning for Global Ionospheric TEC Forecasting: Different Approaches and Validation
Authors: Ren Xiaodong , Yang Pengxin , Liu Hang , Chen Jun , Liu Wanke
Published: April 2022

The application of deep learning technology to ionospheric prediction has become a new research hotspot. However, there are still some gaps, such as the prediction effect with different input solar and geomagnetic activity parameters, and the forecast accuracy with different prediction methods as well as the validation of long period data results, to be filled. We developed an ionospheric long short‐term memory network (Ion‐LSTM) with multiple input parameters to predict the global ionospheric total electron content (TEC). Two solutions with different ionospheric data based on Ion‐LSTM were assessed, namely spherical harmonic coefficients (SHC) and vertical TEC (VTEC) prediction solution. The results show two solutions, both perform well in accuracy and stability. The input of the geomagnetic activity index improves the prediction effect of the model in the storm period. For the 1‐ and 2‐day‐predicted global ionospheric maps (GIMs) from 2015 to 2020, the root mean square error (RMSE) of SHC prediction solution is 1.69 TECU and 1.84 TECU while that of the VTEC prediction solution is 1.70 TECU and 1.84 TECU, respectively. Over 70% of the absolute residuals are within 3 TECU in high solar activity and over 96% in low solar activity. Further, by comparing the predicted results between Ion‐LSTM and conventional methods (e.g., Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) predicted GIMs), the evaluation results show that the RMSE of Ion‐LSTM is 0.7 TECU lower than that of CODE predicted GIMs under different solar and geomagnetic activities. Additionally, the accuracy of the Ion‐LSTM prediction results decreases slightly as the input time span increases.
Multivariate Regional Frequency Analysis Using Conditional Extreme Values Approach
Authors: Kiran K. G. , Srinivas V. V.
Published: April 2022

Floods can be characterized by various correlated variables such as peak flow, flood volume, duration, and time to peak. Hence, flood risk can be better assessed by performing frequency analysis in a multivariate (rather than a univariate) framework. However, multivariate approaches involve sophisticated analyses that require considerably more data than univariate approaches. In a univariate framework, flood risk assessment at an ungauged or data‐sparse location/site is generally performed through regional frequency analysis (RFA), based on information pooled from a group of sites resembling the target site. However, RFA has received little attention in the multivariate framework. The available literature recommends the use of index‐flood approach (IFA) for multivariate RFA (MRFA), even though IFA has theoretical shortcomings. Another issue is that marginals of all the flood‐related variables may not exhibit extreme behavior simultaneously. Conventionally used at‐site multivariate models are not suitable for describing the dependence structure of extremes in the regions of the support of the joint distribution where only some variables exhibit extreme behavior. This article proposes a conditional extreme values approach (CEA) to address the aforementioned issues in MRFA. Its effectiveness is demonstrated through Monte Carlo simulation experiments and a case study on watersheds from a flood‐prone region in India. Results indicate that the proposed approach can reliably predict the joint distribution of multiple flood‐related variables (and thus flood risk) at ungauged/sparsely gauged sites by effectively capturing the regional dependence structure between those variables.
Leakage From Coexisting Geologic Forcing and Injection‐Induced Pressurization: A Semi‐Analytical Solution for Multilayered Aquifers With Multiple Wells
Authors: Cihan A. , Oldenburg C. M. , Birkholzer J. T.
Published: April 2022

Abnormal fluid pressures (above or below hydrostatic pressure) can develop and persist in sedimentary basins. The common occurrence of abnormal pressures may cause challenges for project permitting of geological carbon sequestration (GCS), particularly in reservoirs with pre‐injection overpressure. The leaky wells that may exist in some sedimentary basins can provide flow paths between deep brine aquifers and shallower freshwater aquifers. Pre‐injection relative overpressures can cause brine leakage through leaky wells even before any injection occurs. The tendency for flow through leaky wells is coupled with the process of pressure dissipation that occurs through aquitards. Specifically, with non‐zero permeability, aquitards can dissipate pressure over large areal extents and thereby reduce leakage rates through leaky wells. This study presents development of a semi‐analytical solution for hydraulic head and brine leakage in multilayered aquifer–aquitard systems with geologic pressure forcing. The geologic forcing that causes abnormal pressures in the multilayered system can coexist with any number of injection, extraction, and leaky wells that also affect fluid pressure. The semi‐analytical model is applied to explore how leakage through leaky wells varies as functions of pressurization rate, along with aquitard and leaky well properties in an overpressured multilayered system. The results show that although injection‐induced pressures can dissipate rapidly through suitably permeable aquitards, coexisting geologic forcing may create sustained rates of brine leakage into freshwater aquifers through leaky wells. In GCS, a very low‐permeability aquitard with high capillary entry pressure to free‐phase CO2 is desired to serve as the caprock to prevent leakage of CO2 from the storage reservoir. Nevertheless, the results from this study show that the brine leakage impact to shallow freshwater aquifers through leaky wells might substantially decrease with increasing aquitard permeability values, as long as small aquitard permeability and high capillary entry pressure serve to prevent CO2 leakage.
Managing direct oral anticoagulants in accordance with the Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme guidance for patients undergoing dentoalveolar surgery
Authors: Woolcombe Sarah A. , Ball Rebecca E. , Patel Jignesh P.
Published: April 2022

Introduction The Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (SDCEP) guidance on the management of dental patients taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs provides recommendations on the management of patients taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). This guidance was developed by a multidisciplinary Guidance Development Group, based on available resources at the time of publication. We aim to describe our experience of managing a cohort of adult patients prescribed DOACs, undergoing dentoalveolar procedures in accordance with the SDCEP guidance, between April 2017 and March 2020.

Methods As part of our routine practice, patients received a telephone consultation one week following treatment, to assess any post-operative bleeding. Review of the clinical notes was used to assess clinician adherence to the guidance recommendations.

Results In total, 98 patients underwent 119 dentoalveolar procedures. Persistent bleeding followed 17 (14.3%) procedures, of which 11 (9.2%) procedures required specific intervention. Absolute compliance with the recommendations was 43.7%, supporting the recommendation for audit and staff education.

Discussion A diagnosis of heart failure and advanced age were identified as contributory factors to post-operative bleeding.

Conclusions The SDCEP guidance is safe to follow, with no patients experiencing major haemorrhage. Consulting a medical specialist for patients with heart failure of likely significance, based on the medical or drug history, in addition to those who report an advanced heart failure diagnosis and the frail/older person, could reduce the incidence of post-operative bleeding.
Concatenated convolutional neural network model for cuffless blood pressure estimation using fuzzy recurrence properties of photoplethysmogram signals
Authors: Malayeri Ali Bahari , Khodabakhshi Mohammad Bagher
Published: April 2022

Due to the importance of continuous monitoring of blood pressure (BP) in controlling hypertension, the topic of cuffless BP estimation has been widely studied in recent years. A most important approach is to explore the nonlinear mapping between the recorded peripheral signals and the BP values which is usually conducted by deep neural networks. Because of the sequence-based pseudo periodic nature of peripheral signals such as photoplethysmogram (PPG), a proper estimation model needed to be equipped with the 1-dimensional (1-D) and recurrent layers. This, in turn, limits the usage of 2-dimensional (2-D) layers adopted in convolutional neural networks (CNN) for embedding spatial information in the model. In this study, considering the advantage of chaotic approaches, the recurrence characterization of peripheral signals was taken into account by a visual 2-D representation of PPG in phase space through fuzzy recurrence plot (FRP). FRP not only provides a beneficial framework for capturing the spatial properties of input signals but also creates a reliable approach for embedding the pseudo periodic properties to the neural models without using recurrent layers. Moreover, this study proposes a novel deep neural network architecture that combines the morphological features extracted simultaneously from two upgraded 1-D and 2-D CNNs capturing the temporal and spatial dependencies of PPGs in systolic and diastolic BP estimation. The model has been fed with the 1-D PPG sequences and the corresponding 2-D FRPs from two separate routes. The performance of the proposed framework was examined on the well-known public dataset, namely, multi-parameter intelligent in Intensive Care II. Our scheme is analyzed and compared with the literature in terms of the requirements of the standards set by the British Hypertension Society (BHS) and the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). The proposed model met the AAMI requirements, and it achieved a grade of A as stated by the BHS standard. In addition, its mean absolute errors and standard deviation for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure estimations were considerably low, 3.05 ± 5.26 mmHg and 1.58 ± 2.6 mmHg, in turn.
A cross-sectional analysis about bacterial vaginosis, high-risk human papillomavirus infection, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Chinese women
Authors: Xu Xiaolin , Zhang Yichan , Yu Liqun , Shi Xingxian , Min Min , Xiong Lijuan , Pan Jia , Liu Peipei , Wu Guizhen , Gao Guolan
Published: April 2022

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a genital infection that frequently presents in women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), but the correlation between BV, HPV and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) development is still elusive. We organized a cross-sectional analysis which enrolled 624 participants and obtained 423 samples of vaginal secretions from them, including 193 HPV-negative samples and 230 HR-HPV-positive samples. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to measure the vaginal microbiota diversity in women with different BV, HPV and CIN status, and then calculated risk factors for CIN by logistic regression. We found that the diversity of vaginal microbiota was significantly increased after BV, HPV and BV-infected CIN group. The Observed species and Chao1 index of H.C group showed little difference with normal group, while its Shannon index was considerable higher than normal group. L. iners enriched in HPV infection group compared with others significantly. BV (OR = 0.358; 95% CI = 0.195–0.656; P < .05) and HR-HPV infection (OR = 0.016; 95% CI = 0.004–0.072; P < .001) were risk factors for CIN. In conclusion, we consider BV as a risk factor for CIN. The enrichment of L. iners under HPV infection state may contribute to maintenance of vaginal dysbiosis, and BV infection could facilitate the disturb.
Protein-bound sialic acid in saliva contributes directly to salivary anti-influenza virus activity
Authors: Kobayashi Kaori , Shono Chika , Mori Takuya , Kitazawa Hidefumi , Ota Noriyasu , Kurebayashi Yuki , Suzuki Takashi
Published: April 2022

The oral cavity is an entrance for respiratory viruses, such as influenza. Recently, saliva has been shown to exert both antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Thus, saliva may be a biological factor that contributes to the prevention of influenza infection. However, the actual salivary anti-influenza A virus (IAV) activity in individuals and its determinant factors are unknown. By assessing individual variations in salivary anti-IAV activity in 92 people using an established new high-throughput system in this study, we found that the anti-IAV activity varied widely between individuals and showed a significant positive correlation with protein-bound sialic acid (BSA) level (ρ = 0.473;p < 0.001). Furthermore, the anti-IAV activity of saliva with enzymatically reduced BSA content was significantly lower. These results indicate that BSA is a direct regulator of salivary anti-IAV activity and is a determinant of individual differences. Additionally, after comparing the anti-IAV activity across the groups by age, anti-IAV activity in young people (aged 5–19 years) were lower than in adults aged 20–59 years and elderly people aged 60–79 years. Our study suggests that BSA levels in saliva may be important in preventing influenza infection.
ADAM12 is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in liver cancer
Authors: Du Shuangqiu , Sun Linlin , Wang Yun , Zhu Wenhao , Gao Jialin , Pei Wenjun , Zhang Yao
Published: April 2022

Disintegrin and metalloproteinase 12 (ADAM12) is thought to trigger the occurrence and development of numerous tumours, including colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancers. On the basis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, in this study, the relationship between ADAM12 gene expression and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the prognostic value of this relationship, and the potential mechanisms influencing HCC development were evaluated. The results showed that the ADAM12 gene was significantly and highly expressed in liver cancer tissue. The high expression of the ADAM12 gene in liver cancer tissue significantly and positively correlated with T stage, pathological stage, and residual tumour. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses revealed that ADAM12 gene expression is an independent risk factor influencing the prognosis of patients with liver cancer. Pathway analyses of ADAM12 in HCC revealed ADAM12-correlated signalling pathways, and the expression level of ADAM12 was associated with immune cell infiltration. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the expression level of ADAM12 in Huh-7 and Hep3B cells was significantly higher than that in other HCC cells. ShRNA transfection experiments confirmed that the expression levels of TGF-β and Notch pathway-related proteins were significantly decreased. An EdU cell proliferation assay showed that a low level of ADAM12 gene expression significantly inhibited the proliferative activity of HCC cells. Cell cycle experiments showed that low ADAM12 expression blocked the G1/S phase transition. Overall, this research revealed that high ADAM12 gene expression implies a poor prognosis for patients with primary liver cancer. In addition, it is a potential indicator for the diagnosis of liver cancer.
Uterine fibroids increase the risk of thyroid goiter and thyroid nodules
Authors: Yuk Jin-Sung , Kim Jung Min
Published: April 2022

Uterine fibroid and benign thyroid disease are both common diseases in women. This study aimed to evaluate whether these diseases are related. We established the uterine fibroid group according to diagnosis and surgery codes using the Korea National Health Insurance data from 2009 to 2020. All women from 20 to 50 years old who underwent uterine myomectomy from 2009 to 2020 were identified. We selected the control group by performing a 1:1 propensity score matching on age at 5-year intervals, socioeconomic status (SES), region, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), menopause, and year among women who visited a medical institution for a health check-up. Thyroid disease cases were selected using the thyroid disease diagnosis code and thyroid-associated laboratory tests. A total of 181,419 patients were included in the uterine fibroid and control groups. The median age of each group was 40 (range, 35 ~ 44) and 40 (range, 35 ~ 45) years old, respectively. Benign thyroid disease affected 1162 (0.6%) in the uterine fibroid group and 1137 (0.6%) in the control group. Among the benign thyroid diseases, hypothyroidism was the most common in both groups, followed by a nontoxic single thyroid nodule. The uterine fibroid group had a higher risk of thyroid goiter (hazard ratio (HR) 1.169, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.022–1.338), nontoxic single thyroid nodule (HR 1.268, 95% CI 1.182–1.361), and total thyroid disease (HR 1.078, 95% CI 1.036–1.121) in stratified Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, SES, region, CCI, parity, menopause, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease, and endometriosis than the control group. The results suggest that women with uterine fibroids have an increased risk of thyroid goiters and thyroid nodules. Although the mechanism is not well known, estrogen and iodide might be a link between uterine fibroids and thyroid goiters and nodules. Future studies that prospectively follow women with uterine fibroids across a lifetime are needed.
A novel Sn2Nb2O7/defective carbon nitride heterojunction photocatalyst: preparation and application for photocatalytic oxytetracycline removal
Authors: Zhang Haoyu , Peng Liman , Li Huawei , Su Yiguo , Huang Shushu
Published: April 2022

The construction of a traditional type-II Sn2Nb2O7/defective carbon nitride (Sn2Nb2O7/HCN) heterojunction photocatalyst achieved exceptional photocatalytic oxytetracycline degradation performance.
Identification of the probable structure of the sAPPα-GABABR1a complex and theoretical solutions for such cases
Authors: Yang Huijuan , Mei Jinfei , Xu Wen , Ma Xiaohong , Sun Bo , Ai Hongqi
Published: April 2022

APP9mer prefers to embed in the pocket of SD1 in a parallel orientation and generate the most probable APPmer-SD1 stable complex.
Ideal nodal-net, nodal-chain, and nodal-cage phonons in some realistic materials
Authors: Ding Guangqian , Sun Tingting , Wang Xiaotian
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate the appearance of ideal nodal-net, nodal-chain, and nodal-cage phonons in these materials based on first-principle calculations.
Robust route to photocatalytic nitrogen fixation mediated by capitalizing on defect-tailored InVO4 nanosheets
Authors: Yao Shan , Liu Jiawen , Liu Fangyan , Wang Biao , Ding Ying , Li Li , Liu Chuan , Huang Feng , Fang Jingyun , Lin Zhang , Wang Mengye
Published: April 2022

Nitrogen is efficiently converted into NH3 using oxygen-vacancy-modified InVO4 as a catalyst via a green and sustainable photocatalytic technique.
Intelligent and robust DNA robots capable of swarming into leakless nonlinear amplification in response to a trigger
Authors: Li Shaofei , Cheng Yizhuang , Qin Miao , Zhou Guoliang , Li Pan , Yang Liangbao
Published: April 2022

Nonlinear DNA signal amplification with an enzyme-free isothermal self-assembly process is uniquely useful in nanotechnology and nanomedicine.
MOF side chains as sources of supramolecular interactions: organic pollutant extraction from water
Authors: Israfilov Nizami , Soukup Karel , Louis Benoît , Planeix Jean-Marc
Published: April 2022

Supramolecular functionalization of MOFs (SUM-103): application to the extraction of pollutants from water.
The controllable synthesis of orange-red emissive Au nanoclusters and their use as a portable colorimetric fluorometric probe for dopamine
Authors: Wu Hongbo , Xu Yingjie , Xie Ruyan , Tang Mingyu , Chen Lihua , Qu Fengyu , Guo Changhong , Chai Fang
Published: April 2022

The fabrication of orange-red emissive M-AuNCs and their utility in the detection of dopamine assisted by a smartphone.
Multifunctional AIEgen-based luminescent metal–organic frameworks with coordination-induced emission for chemical sensing
Authors: Wei Wei , Zhang Ya-Ru , Yin Xue-Bo , Xia Yan
Published: April 2022

Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) offer a timely remedy to tackle aggregation-caused quenching of traditional organic fluorescence probes.
Advances in zeolite-supported metal catalysts for propane dehydrogenation
Authors: Qu Ziqiang , Sun Qiming
Published: April 2022

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is one of the most promising on-purpose technologies to produce propylene. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the latest research progress on zeolite-supported metal catalysts for PDH reactions.
Reaction mechanism study on reactions of phenylacetylenes with HSnEt3promoted by B(C6F5)3with and without DABCO
Authors: Yan Tianhong , Li Yahui , Huang Guanglong , Ni Shaofei , Dang Li
Published: April 2022

A mechanistic study on B(C6F5)3-catalyzed hydrostannation and dehydrogenative stannylation of phenylacetylene was carried out with/without DABCO in this work.
Building up the “Genome” of bi-atom catalysts toward efficient HER/OER/ORR
Authors: Zhang Lihong , Guo Xiangyu , Zhang Shengli , Huang Shiping
Published: April 2022

The search for efficient, stable, and low-cost electrocatalysts toward the water splitting and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media is of great significance to develop renewable energies, but remains an ongoing challenge.
Green synthesis of zirconium MOF-808 for simultaneous phosphate recovery and organophosphorus pesticide detoxification in wastewater
Authors: González Lydia , Gil-San-Millán Rodrigo , Navarro Jorge A. R. , Maldonado Carmen R. , Barea Elisa , Carmona Francisco J.
Published: April 2022

A green route to prepare Zr-based MOF-808 with controlled crystal size have been developed. MOF-808 is able to decontaminate wastewater by simultaneously degrading a toxic pesticide and recovering phosphate ions.
Clinical Considerations for Speech Perception in School-Age Children With Speech Sound Disorders: A Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Cabbage Kathryn L. , Hitchcock Elaine R.
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to synthesize the methodological variability in the speech perception literature for school-age children with residual speech sound disorder (RSSD), with the primary intention of using the existing knowledge to inform clinical decisions and optimize treatment outcomes for children.

Method:

Ten electronic databases were systematically searched to identify articles examining the speech perception skills of school-age children with RSSD. A total of 11 articles met inclusion criteria, reporting of methodological characteristics was rated and compared across studies, and findings were summarized.

Results:

The majority of studies reviewed here confirmed the presence of a perceptual deficit for a subset of children with RSSD. However, marked variability across study methodologies limits clinical interpretation and application of the findings.

Conclusions:

Despite limited research in children with RSSD and wide variability across study procedures, stimulus type, perception type, and task type emerged as potential key factors that provide critical insight into a child's perceptual skill. The current evidence suggests that deficits in speech perception may significantly impact acquisition of accurate phoneme production for children with RSSD. Furthermore, these findings suggest that assessment and treatment of speech perception may be a critical component of an intervention program for school-age children, although further research is needed to determine effective clinical procedures.
Making wine in Pañul’s craft pottery vessels: a first approach in the study of the dynamic of alcoholic fermentation and wine volatile composition
Authors: Egaña-Juricic María Esperanza , Gutiérrez-Gamboa Gastón , Moreno-Simunovic Yerko
Published: April 2022

Traditional winemaking in amphora-like clay vessels is one of the oldest known methods of wine production. Currently, some wine producers have readopted traditional winemaking methods to generate unique attributes that differentiate their products raising regional wine typicity. The aim of this research was to study the dynamic of alcoholic fermentation and volatile composition of ‘Carignan’ wines fermented into Pañul’s clay vessels and comparing them with the wines vinified into stainless-steel tanks. Density curve of the musts contained in the Pañul’s pottery vessels followed a similar trend than in the samples contained in the stainless-steel tanks. The temperatures of the must and the cap during alcoholic fermentation were lower in the Pañul’s pottery vessels than in the stainless-steel tanks in most of the evaluated days. Thus, clay vessels may provide temperature-regulating properties beneficing wine fermentation compared to stainless-steel tanks. Pañul’s clay vessels produced wines with higher terpenes,β-ionone and 2-phenylethyl alcohol content, and lower values of some individual higher alcohols, isoamyl acetate, lactones, and pH than the stainless-steel tanks. Therefore, the results suggest that Pañul’s pottery vessels favored increasing the terpene alcohols and other volatile compounds concentrations, in addition to decreasing certain higher alcohols and acetate esters contents such as benzyl alcohol and iso-amyl acetate. These outcomes may be of interest to ceramic producers and wine producers since they open a range of economic opportunities to diversify their products.
Multi-criteria decision making of turning operation based on PEG, PSI and CURLI methods
Authors: Duc Trung Do
Published: April 2022

Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is the methods identify an alternative that is considered the best among the implemented alternatives. This issue is probably more significant since each alternative is evaluated based on many criteria that may be contrary. This paper presents the multi-criteria decision-making of a turning process. Turning experiments were carried out with a total of sixteen alternatives. A test material used is SB410 steel. Cutting tools are coated with TiN. The aim of this study is to determine the experiment where the minimum surface roughness and the maximum material removal rate (MRR) are simultaneously obtained. Three multi-criteria decision-making methods were used include: Pareto-Edgeworth Grierson (PEG), Preference Selection Index (PSI) and Collaborative Unbiased Rank List Integration (CURLI). In each case of the application, it is not necessary to define weights for the criteria. The stability of ranking the alternatives on the basis of different MCDM methods is also identified according to the value Gini index. The results demonstrate that the PEG and CURLI methods both determine the best option. The cutting velocity of 1700 rev/min, feed rate 0.192 mm/rev and depth of cut of 0.6 mm are the options where the surface roughness and MRR are minimum and maximum respectively.
Optimization and prediction of hardness, wear and surface roughness on age hardened stellite 6 alloys
Authors: S.R. Karthik , Londe Neelakanta V. , Shetty Raviraj , Nayak Rajesh , Hedge Adithya
Published: April 2022

Growing demand for Stellite 6 alloys due to its attractive properties such as superior strength, toughness, wear resistance, fracture resistant characteristics, and their exceptional resistance to corrosion has made them applicable in industrial as well as commercial applications, such as aerospace industries, nuclear waste storage, automobile industries and surgical implantation. However, in spite of these applications, automotive part manufacturers mainly (Bearing Materials) are looking for a comprehensive study, such as mechanics of friction and the relationship between friction and wear. Hence in this paper, an attempt has been made to study the tribological behavior such as wear characterization and surface roughness of age hardened Stellite 6 alloys. The main objective of the research is to determine the favorable tribological conditions for improving wear resistant properties and surface roughness on age hardened Stellite 6 alloys. Hence two body wear study and surface roughness study during Wire Electric Discharge Machining (WEDM) of age hardened Stellite 6 alloys based on Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Taguchi's Design of Experiment (TDOE), Response Surface Methodology(RSM) and Desirability Functional Analysis (DFA) have been used to achieve this goal. From the study it is observed that optimum values for improving hardness, wear and surface roughness values can be easily achieved with less time and cost by adopting the said techniques. •From microstructural observation, as the peak current increases there is larger amount of dendritic carbides and cracking of carbides due to high plastic deformation resulting in thermal softening of Stellite 6 alloy during wire electric discharge machining resulting in better surface roughness values. The second-order model for hardness, wear and surface roughness using response surface methodology can be adopted for predicting for hardness, wear and surface roughness in any experimental domain.
Digital Workout Versus Team Training: The Impact of the COVID-19
Pandemic on Athletes
Authors: Schneider Friedemann , Runer Armin , Burkert Francesco , Aspang Jesse Seilern Und , Reider Simon , Schneider Holm , Pocecco Elena
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sport
practice and to identify measures adopted by individuals and sports
organizations to allow a safe return to community sports. An electronic survey
was launched worldwide in June 2020 in the German and English languages. The
questionnaire collected anonymous data on sporting activity before, during, and
after pandemic-induced confinement. Participants classified themselves as either
recreational, competitive, or professional sports level athletes. A total of
1336 adults (30.5±11.7 years; 54.0% women) participated in the
survey; 68.5% were active athletes, 10.1% coaches, 2.1%
officials and 4.3% related medical staff, 3.6% had another
function, and 11.4% indicated no regular sports activity. Most
participants practiced their sport in Europe (93.8%); the majority
(61.0%) was amateur athletes. During confinement, 15.7% could
perform their main sport unrestricted, 43.5% stated a reduced amount of
time spent on sporting activities, 46.4% a reduced intensity level. Most
participants (77.5%) were neither aware of screening measures nor of
guidelines for dealing with infected athletes (80.0%) or for return to
sports after a coronavirus infection (88.6%). Preventive measures
mentioned included basic hygiene, measures to reduce personal contacts or virus
transmission, or to improve traceability of infections. During confinement, a
higher age (p=0.004) and training in a club setting (p<0.001)
were associated with reduced sporting activity, while the availability of online
training (p=0.030) was linked to both increased extent and
intensity levels. A lower age (p=0.001) and recreational sports level
(p=0.005) were associated with decreased activity after confinement.
Although isolation can be necessary to protect public health, it alters the
amount and intensity of physical activity.
Is Botox Right for Me: When to Assess the Efficacy of the Botox Injection for Chronic Migraine in Pediatric Population
Authors: Goenka Ajay , Yu Sarah G. , George Monica C. , Chikkannaiah Mahesh , MacDonald Sarah , Stolfi Adrienne , Kumar Gogi
Published: April 2022

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has shown to be a safe and effective treatment for children with chronic migraines. Our study was to assess the efficacy of the Onabotulinum toxin type A at different intervals after initiation of therapy. We conducted a retrospective and prospective analysis of 34 patients at a children's hospital where children received four rounds of the BoNT-A therapy for the treatment of chronic migraine. Among the 34 patients, 25 patients (age range: 13–21 years), who responded to the BoNT-A therapy, were included in the analysis. Patients received standard 31 injection, 155 unit's protocol. Patients were assessed every 3 months after their initial injection. Reasons for discontinuation of therapy were analyzed. After the first two BoNT-A sessions, significant improvement was observed with a decrease in headache frequency and intensity (p < 0.001). There was further reduction in headache frequency and intensity with the fourth round of BoNT-A therapy, with comparative analysis between the second and fourth round showing a p-value of <0.001. In terms of reduction of emergency room visits and hospitalization, a significant improvement was seen after the third round of BoNT-A therapy (p < 0.01). A significant decrease in the number of abortive and preventive medications was seen after the second round of BoNT-A therapy (p < 0.001). The efficacy of BoNT-A treatment in decreasing headache frequency, intensity, and the number of abortive and preventive medications can be assessed effectively after two treatment sessions. This trend continued to be observed with additional third and fourth sessions.
Discrete Painlevé transcendent solutions to the multiplicative-type discrete KdV equations
Authors: Nakazono Nobutaka
Published: April 2022

Hirota’s discrete Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation is an integrable partial difference equation on Z2, which approaches the KdV equation in a continuum limit. In this paper, we show that its multiplicative-discrete versions have the special solutions given by the solutions of q-Painlevé equations of types AJ(1)(J=3,4,5,6).
Magnetic field influence analysis on the large-caliber steady-state magnetic field testing system
Authors: Huang Ya , Jiang Li , Lei Hong , Gao Ge , Wu Peng , Zhang Jie , Huang Zhengyi
Published: April 2022

The large-caliber steady-state magnetic field testing system is an important device for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, which is mainly used for electromagnetic compatibility tests in a strong magnetic field environment. Magnetic field performance is the most important parameter of equipment. In the design process, it is necessary to analyze the magnetic field performance and study the influencing factors. This paper mainly studies the axial and radial magnetic fields in the uniform region and the magnetic field characteristics in several typical cases and then analyzes the influence of external ferromagnetic materials and the environmental magnetic field in detail. Finally, an experimental platform is built for a three-dimensional hall test. The results verify the correctness of the analysis.
Finite-length porous surfaces for control of a turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Jafari Azadeh , Cazzolato Benjamin , Arjomandi Maziar
Published: April 2022

This study investigates the potential of finite-length porous surfaces with a subsurface chamber for the control of the turbulent boundary layer. The effect of the subsurface chamber on the boundary layer is investigated by hot-wire anemometry measurements of the boundary layer response to different chamber configurations. Three different chamber configurations were investigated: a common cavity that connected the array of surface perforations, a locally reacting chamber with individual cavities underneath each perforation, and chambers that connected the perforations in streamwise or spanwise flow directions. It was found that a common backing cavity and individual cavities reduced the peak turbulence intensity, whereas the test case with streamwise or spanwise channels increased the turbulence intensity and strengthened large-scale turbulent structures within the boundary layer. While both common and individual cavities were effective in reducing turbulence, the individual cavities created a larger reduction in the pre-multiplied spectrum with an average of 80% at large scales compared to between 40% and 60% reduction at large scales for common cavities with different volumes. Hence, a short porous surface with individual cavities underneath each perforation was found to be the most effective turbulence-reducing configuration among the investigated cases.
Numerical study on the transient thermal performance of a lab-scale molten salt receiver
Authors: Huang Zhonghua , Li Yawei , Zhu Yifan , Zhou Hao
Published: April 2022

The non-uniformity of temperature distribution and thermal stress distribution in the on-site high-temperature molten salt receiver is frequently reflected in the receiver's unstable operating circumstances. As a result, the focus of this research is on the transient thermal performance of the receiver in non-steady-state situations. An in-house software was used to estimate the transient temperature distribution of a lab-scale receiver using a three-dimensional transient model built for the receiver's thermal performance calculation. The transient thermal performance of a lab-scale receiver was studied under some variable operating conditions, such as the startup process, varying mass flow rate, varying radiation flux, and varying ambient wind speed, using a combination of numerical prediction and variable-condition experiment on a lab-scale receiver. When the working environment changed, the temperature distribution of the receiver took around 12 s to return to a stable condition. In addition, when the working environment changed, the transient temperature fluctuations of the receiver were given and evaluated in depth in this study.
Rhenium carbides phase diagram under pressure and explaining why WC-type ReC does not exist
Authors: Hu Peiju , Xie Xing , Bai Lingling , Zhang Runqing , Zhang Xunjiang , Sun Jiaying , Dong Huafeng , Wen Minru , Wu Fugen
Published: April 2022

The stability of W–C compounds (WC)-type ReC has been controversial for many years. Here, based on ab initio algorithm, we systematically searched for stable structures in the rhenium–carbon (Re–C) system at 0–300 gigapascal (GPa) pressure and analyzed the phase diagram within the pressure range. Only P63/mmc-Re2C, C2/m-Re3C, P21/m-Re4C, and C2/m-Re5C2 phases are found to be stable under 0–300 GPa, while WC-type ReC has high enthalpy and does not appear in the phase diagram. We also discussed the stability of WC-type ReC. Among these structures, C2/m-Re3C, P21/m-Re4C, and C2/m-Re5C2 are hitherto unknown structures, which could maintain dynamic and mechanical stability under ambient pressure. In addition, through the analysis of the structural and mechanical properties, P63/mmc-Re2C is the hardest metal among them with 31.5 GPa Vickers hardness at 0 GPa, and the metastable P6¯m2-Re5C3 has the second-highest hardness (29.3 GPa), both of which exceed the hardness of TiN (18.7 GPa), the commercial material used for cutting tools. The study of Re–C compounds with high hardness provides theoretical guidance for further experimental research.
Information flow and allosteric communication in proteins
Authors: Hacisuleyman Aysima , Erman Burak
Published: April 2022

Based on Schreiber’s work on transfer entropy, a molecular theory of nonlinear information transfer between residue pairs in proteins is developed. The joint distribution function for residue fluctuations required by the theory is expressed in terms of tensor Hermite polynomials that conveniently separate harmonic and nonlinear contributions to information transfer. The harmonic part of information transfer is expressed as the difference between time dependent and independent mutual information. Third order nonlinearities are discussed in detail. The amount and speed of information transfer between residues, which are important for understanding allosteric activity in proteins, are discussed. Mutual information between two residues is commonly used for information transfer. While mutual information shows the maximum amount of information that may be transferred between two residues, it does not explain the actual amount of transfer nor the transfer rate of information. For this, dynamic equations of the system are needed. The solution of the Langevin equation and molecular dynamics trajectories are used in the present work for this purpose. Allosteric communication in human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase is studied as an example. Calculations show that several paths contribute collectively to information transfer. Important residues on these paths are identified. Time resolved information transfer between these residues, their amplitudes, and transfer rates, which are in agreement with time resolved ultraviolet resonance Raman measurements in general, are estimated. Peak values of calculated information transfer, ∼0.01–0.04 bits, are about two orders of magnitude smaller than the information content of residues. They are comparable to mutual information values, however. Estimated transfer rates are in the order of 1–20 megabits per second, and sustained transfer during the activity time-span of proteins may be significant. Information transfer from third order contributions is one to two orders of magnitude smaller than the harmonic terms, showing that harmonic analysis is a good approximation to information transfer.
Hydroelastic analysis of interaction between water waves and a floating laminated disk
Authors: Li Ai-Jun , Fang Hui , Liu Yong
Published: April 2022

This paper studies the interaction between water waves and a very large floating laminated disk in water of finite depth. The disk is a composite structure consisting of two surface sheets and a middle low-density elastic core layer. Based on the linear potential flow theory, an analytical solution of the hydroelastic problem is developed using the eigenfunction expansion method for the velocity potential of fluid motion. In the solution procedure, the laminated disk is regarded as double circular Euler sheets connected by a series of closely spaced and mutually independent vertical springs, and then an eighth-order differential equation of motion of the laminated disk is derived as the elastic boundary condition of the hydroelastic problem. An approximated model is then developed for the hydroelastic problem in shallow water. The deflection and bending moment of the disk and the free surface elevation near the disk are calculated, and it is found that the series solution for the velocity potential converges rapidly. Typical examples are presented to show the effects of different parameters, including wave frequency, the edge conditions of the disk, and the elastic coefficient of the core layer, on wave force, structural hydroelastic response, and wave field. Moreover, viscoelastic damping is introduced in the core layer, and its effect on the hydroelastic response is evaluated by adopting the complex stiffness method. The results indicate that the wave force on the laminated disk is larger than that on a corresponding rigid one over a very wide range of wave frequencies, and the local deformation of the lower sheet can be suppressed by designing a core layer with viscoelastic damping.
Speakers who metaphorize together – argue together
Authors: Juszczyk Konrad , Konat Barbara , Fabiszak Małgorzata
Published: April 2022

Numerous studies on political discourse claim that metaphors help politicians to construct coherent arguments to
convince their voters. Yet, most of them, with a few notable exceptions, do not adhere to any theory of argumentation. In this
paper, we integrate Discourse Dynamic Approach to Metaphor with Inference Anchoring Theory to
enhance our understanding of the interaction of metaphors and arguments in dynamic discourse. Our data come from three
pre-election debates: Two in Poland and one in the US. The focus is on the reform of the health service. We show how discourse
participants co-construct metaphors and arguments in an attempt to achieve their illocutionary goals. Their interaction is curbed
by a number of discursive forces identified in the data. We propose a classification of types of interaction between metaphors and
arguments, which can be further used for developing tools for automatic or semi-automatic identification of these types in large
corpora.
In Situ Epitaxy of Pure Phase Ultra-Thin InAs-Al Nanowires for Quantum Devices
Authors: Pan Dong , Song Huading , Zhang Shan , Liu Lei , Wen Lianjun , Liao Dunyuan , Zhuo Ran , Wang Zhichuan , Zhang Zitong , Yang Shuai , Ying Jianghua , Miao Wentao , Shang Runan , Zhang Hao , Zhao Jianhua
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate the in situ growth of ultra-thin InAs nanowires with an epitaxial Al film by molecular-beam epitaxy. Our InAs nanowire diameter (∼30 nm) is much thinner than before (∼100 nm). The ultra-thin InAs nanowires are pure phase crystals for various different growth directions. Transmission electron microscopy confirms an atomically abrupt and uniform interface between the Al shell and the InAs wire. Quantum transport study on these devices resolves a hard induced superconducting gap and 2e-periodic Coulomb blockade at zero magnetic field, a necessary step for future Majorana experiments. By reducing wire diameter, our work presents a promising route for reaching fewer sub-band regime in Majorana nanowire devices.
Closing a spontaneous-scalarization window with binary pulsars
Authors: Zhao Junjie , Freire Paulo C C , Kramer Michael , Shao Lijing , Wex Norbert
Published: April 2022

Benefitting from the unequaled precision of the pulsar timing technique, binary pulsars are important testbeds of gravity theories, providing some of the tightest bounds on alternative theories of gravity. One class of well-motivated alternative gravity theories, the scalar–tensor gravity, predict large deviations from general relativity for neutron stars through a nonperturbative phenomenon known as spontaneous scalarization. This effect, which cannot be tested in the Solar System, can now be tightly constrained using the latest results from the timing of a set of seven binary pulsars (PSRs J0348+0432, J1012+5307, J1738+0333, J1909−3744, J2222−0137, J0737−3039A, and J1913+1102), especially with the updated parameters of PSRs J2222−0137, J0737−3039A and J1913+1102. Using new timing results, we constrain the neutron star’s effective scalar coupling, which describes how strongly neutron stars couple to the scalar field, to a level of

α

A

≲
6
×
1

0

−
3

in a Bayesian analysis. Our analysis is thorough, in the sense that our results apply to all neutron star masses and all reasonable equations of state of dense matters, in the full relevant parameter space. It excludes the possibility of spontaneous scalarization of neutron stars, at least within a class of scalar–tensor gravity theories.