bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On being a foreign body in the field, or how reflexivity around translation can take us beyond language
Authors: Krzywoszynska Anna
Published: June 2015

Translation in cross‐cultural research is being increasingly acknowledged as a serious methodological issue in geography. Translation dilemmas present researchers with incommensurabilities of meaning, thus providing insights into culturally specific ways of being as expressed in language. However, reflexivity around translation in the field can also highlight those moments of cultural practice where language falls short of experience. Engaging with Wittgenstein's late work on language, and with more‐than‐representational theories, I explore a personal experience of investigating the local relationship between expression and experience in ethnographic fieldwork. Translation dilemmas, I demonstrate, may highlight not only culturally specific areas of meaning, but may also point to where the local language fails to account for the fullness of locally significant ways of being. Translation in cross‐cultural research, I argue, is less about the decoding of texts, and more about coming to understand a form of life. This understanding must include practical as well as linguistic aspects. Researchers‐as‐translators need thus to remain sensitive to the limits to verbal communication in meaning‐making; this sensitivity is aided by reflexivity encouraged by translating in the field.
Griffin, Patrick & Care, Esther ed (2015) Assessment and teaching of 21st century skillsSpringer (Berlin) isbn978‐94‐017‐9395‐7 310 pp €99.99 (ebook €83.29) http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978‐94‐017‐9395‐7
Authors: García Laborda Jesús
Published: June 2015

While learning methods and approaches have changed dramatically in the 21st century, assessment—especially standardised testing—has remained almost untouched. This volume presents a collection of papers on an innovative approach to collaborative testing. It describes the theoretical framework of an international project and reflects on a challenging perspective of what learning and teaching mean today and will mean tomorrow. If the book sounds likely to be close to your needs, I strongly suggest you buy a copy.

Jesús García Laborda
Mechanism of inhibition of mouse Slo3 (KCa5.1) potassium channels by quinine, quinidine and barium
Authors: Wrighton David C , Muench Stephen P , Lippiat Jonathan D
Published: June 2015

Background and Purpose

The Slo3 (KCa5.1) channel is a major component of mammalian KSper (sperm potassium conductance) channels and inhibition of these channels by quinine and barium alters sperm motility. The aim of this investigation was to determine the mechanism by which these drugs inhibit Slo3 channels.

Experimental Approach

Mouse (m) Slo3 (KCa5.1) channels or mutant forms were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and currents recorded with 2‐electrode voltage‐clamp. Gain‐of‐function mSlo3 mutations were used to explore the state‐dependence of the inhibition. The interaction between quinidine and mSlo3 channels was modelled by in silico docking.

Key Results

Several drugs known to block KSper also affected mSlo3 channels with similar levels of inhibition. The inhibition induced by extracellular barium was prevented by increasing the extracellular potassium concentration. R196Q and F304Y mutations in the mSlo3 voltage sensor and pore, respectively, both increased channel activity. The F304Y mutation did not alter the effects of barium, but increased the potency of inhibition by both quinine and quinidine approximately 10‐fold; this effect was not observed with the R196Q mutation.

Conclusions and Implications

Block of mSlo3 channels by quinine, quinidine and barium is not state‐dependent. Barium inhibits mSlo3 outside the cell by interacting with the selectivity filter, whereas quinine and quinidine act from the inside, by binding in a hydrophobic pocket formed by the S6 segment of each subunit. Furthermore, we propose that the Slo3 channel activation gate lies deep within the pore between F304 in the S6 segment and the selectivity filter.
Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) and susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Yuan Qingzhong , Bu Qingao , Li Guoqiang , Zhang Jun , Cui Tao , Zhu Rui , Mu Dongpo
Published: June 2015

Background

Thyroid cancer, predominantly by papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), is a malignant tumour of endocrine system with increasing incidence rate worldwide. Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) regulates a variety of biological processes by transactivation of functional genes. In this study, we investigated the association between USF1 polymorphisms and PTC risk.

Material & Methods

A total of 334 patients with PTC, 186 patients with benign nodules (BN) and 668 healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Tag‐SNPs were identified in Chinese Han in Beijing (CHB) from International HapMap Project Databases. Genomic DNAs were extracted by TaqMan Blood DNA kits. SNPs of USF1 were genotyped by TaqMan SNPs genotyping assay. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the association between USF1 genetic variants and PTC risk. The statistical analyses were carried out with spss 13.0 software.

Results

Five tag‐SNPs were retrieved to capture all the genetic variants of USF1. Among the five tag‐SNPs, genetic variants in rs2516838, rs3737787 and rs2516839 have significant association with PTC risk. The rs2516838 polymorphisms dominant model (CG+GG vs CC: OR = 0·71; 95% CI: 0·52–0·97; P = 0·033) and allelic model (C vs G: OR = 0·031; 95% CI: 0·56–0·97; P = 0·031) indicated it may act as a protective factor against PTC. On the contrary, the results of rs3737787 polymorphisms: dominant model (CT+TT vs CC: OR = 1·55; 95%CI: 1·09–2·02; P = 0·001) and allelic model (C vs T: OR = 1·35; 95%CI: 1·10–1·64; P = 0·003), as well as the results of rs2516839 polymorphisms: dominant model (GA+AA vs GG: OR = 1·77; 95%CI: 1·31–2·38; P < 0·001) and allelic model (G vs A: OR = 1·36; 95%CI: 1·13–1·63; P = 0·014), revealed that they may act as risk factors for PTC.

Conclusion

In this study, we found the SNPs of rs2516838 (mutant G alleles vs wild C alleles), rs3737787 (mutant T alleles vs wild C alleles) and rs2516839 (mutant A alleles vs wild G alleles) were significantly associated with PTC risk. Further large‐scale studies with different ethnicities are still needed to validate our findings and explore the underlying mechanism of USF1 in PTC development.
The influence of water ingestion on postexercise hypotension and standing haemodynamics
Authors: Mendonca Goncalo V. , Fernhall Bo
Published: June 2015

In young healthy adults, postexercise hypotension (PEH) occurs after a single bout of dynamic exercise due to peripheral vasodilation. Gravitational stress may further aggravate the magnitude of PEH, thus predisposing to orthostatic intolerance. As water drinking activates sympathetic vasoconstriction, it might offset PEH via enhanced α‐adrenergic vascular responsiveness. We hypothesized that water ingestion before exercise would decrease the magnitude of PEH and improve the haemodynamic reaction to active standing postmaximal exercise. In a randomized fashion, 17 healthy adults (nine men; eight women, 21·2 ± 1·6 years) ingested 50 and 500 ml of water before completing resting, cycle ergometer and recovery protocols on two separate days. After exercise, measurements [arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate and spectral heart rate variability (HRV)] were taken in the seated position followed by 5 min of active standing. Compared to that seen post‐50 ml of water, the 500 ml volume elicited an overall increase in BP (P < 0·05). Nevertheless, the magnitude of PEH was not different after either volume of water. There was an overall bradycardic effect of water, and this was accompanied by increased high‐frequency power (P < 0·05). Finally, no BP, heart rate or HRV differences were found between conditions in response to active standing. These data suggest that, despite being well preserved after maximal exercise, the water pressor response does not affect the magnitude of PEH. They also indicate that drinking 500 ml of water does not impact the BP, heart rate or HRV response to 5 min of active standing during recovery postmaximal exercise.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase Glu298Asp gene polymorphism influences body composition and biochemical parameters but not the nitric oxide response to eccentric resistance exercise in elderly obese women
Authors: Teixeira Tatiane Gomes , Tibana Ramires Alsamir , Nascimento Dahan da Cunha , de Sousa Nuno Manuel Frade , de Souza Vinicius Carolino , Vieira Denis César Leite , Nóbrega Otávio de Toledo , de Almeida Jeeser Alves , Navalta James , Prestes Jonato
Published: June 2015

Both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in important cardiovascular, muscular and inflammatory physiological mechanisms during ageing and response to exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the NO kinetic response following an acute eccentric resistance exercise (ERE) session and the possible effect of the Glu298Asp eNOS gene polymorphism in elderly obese women. Eighty‐seven women (age 69·4 ± 6·1 years, body weight 74·9 ± 12·7 kg, height 151·9 ± 6·0 cm and BMI 32·5 ± 5·7 kg m−2) completed seven sets of ten eccentric repetitions at 110% of the ten repetitions maximum (10RM). NO concentrations remained elevated up to 48 h following the acute ERE session as compared with baseline, for GG and GT/TT groups (P<0·05), with no differences between genotypes. The GG genotype group had higher body weight, prevalence of obesity (BMI classification – 81% versus 56%), BMI and higher relative muscle strength, while they had significantly lower triglycerides, VLDL and urea concentrations as compared with TT/TG group. In conclusion, NO remains elevated for up to 48 h after an acute ERE session, without genotype interaction. The TT/TG genotype had a negative impact on triglycerides, VLDL and urea concentrations. Thus, T carriers should increase their attention to cardiovascular risk factor and metabolic disorders.
Influences of Cumulative Risk and Protective Factors on the Adjustment of Adolescents in Military Families
Authors: Lucier‐Greer Mallory , Arnold Amy Laura , Mancini Jay A. , Ford James L. , Bryant Chalandra M.
Published: June 2015

The accumulation of stressors is adversely related to adolescent well‐being. Using the contextual model of family stress and the theory of community action and change, the authors explored normative and context‐specific risks factors among adolescents from military families (N = 1,036) and the role of relationships (family, informal networks, formal systems) as protective factors. Youth who reported higher levels of cumulative risk experienced more depressive symptoms, lower academic performance, and lower persistence. When accounting for family support and presence of informal networks, depressive symptoms were lower, academic performance was higher, and persistence was higher; participation in formal systems was associated with better academic performance. The influential nature of cumulative risk was mitigated in the presence of meaningful relationships, providing support for empirically grounded leverage points to enhance positive youth development.
Family Members' Perceptions of How They Benefit When Relatives Living with Serious Mental Illness Participate in Clubhouse Community Programs
Authors: Pernice‐Duca Francesca , Biegel David E. , Hess Heather Renee , Chung Chia‐Ling , Chang Ching‐Wen
Published: June 2015

Family members provide a significant source of social support to relatives living with a serious mental health disorder, such as schizophrenia. Few public mental health programs offer families a supportive environment where their relatives can develop independence, life skills, and satisfying relationships that are not dependent on the family's involvement. The Clubhouse is one such model. Although family members are not directly involved, they may experience indirect effects from their relative's participation. Family members with relatives involved in Clubhouse (n = 35) completed an in‐depth semi‐structured interview. Transcripts were analyzed to identify underlying themes. Five primary themes emerged ranging from less burden to greater positive family interaction. Specifically, family members attributed Clubhouses as providing a supportive external community for their loved ones, but also ameliorating negative aspects of family care and improving family interactions. Practical implications for family professionals are discussed.
Age and sex differences of risk factors of activity limitations in Japanese older adults
Authors: Monma Takafumi , Takeda Fumi , Noguchi Haruko , Tamiya Nanako
Published: June 2015

Aim

The objective of the present study was to verify how socioeconomic and physical/mental health status would be associated with activity limitations by age and sex among older adults, using nationally representative cross‐sectional data in Japan.

Methods

The present study focused on 8373 older adults aged 65 years or older extracted from the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions conducted in 2007 by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses and population‐attributable risk were applied to validate the relationships of socioeconomic and physical/mental health status with activity limitations among the total population, and by age groups (young‐old or old‐old) and sex.

Results

Mental health showed the highest odds ratio and population‐attributable risk in the total population. In addition, low back pain was associated with activity limitations regardless of age and sex. Other musculoskeletal diseases, such as arthropathy and osteoporosis, were related to activity limitations for women, regardless of age, whereas cardiovascular diseases, including angina pectoris/myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke, were associated with activity limitations for men in any age group. There were no statistically significant correlations between socioeconomic status and activity limitations in any groups.

Conclusion

Mental health was the most important factor of activity limitations in Japanese older adults. Furthermore, low back pain regardless of age and sex, other musculoskeletal diseases only for women and cardiovascular diseases mainly for men could also be significant risk factors to activity limitations. Therefore, preventive approaches of activity limitations considering sex differences are important for older adults in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; ●●: ●●–●●.
The source of net ultrafiltration during hemodialysis is mostly the extracellular space regardless of hydration status
Authors: Jeong Hyeonju , Lim Chae‐Wan , Choi Hye‐Min , Oh Dong‐Jin
Published: June 2015

Fluid shifts are common in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD) during the intradialytic periods, as several liters of fluid are removed during ultrafiltration (UF). Some patients have experienced frequent intradialytic hypotension (IDH). However, the characteristics of fluid shifts and which fluid space is affected remain controversial. Therefore, we designed this study to evaluate the fluid spaces most affected by UF and to determine whether hydration status influences the fluid shifts during HD. This was a prospective cohort study of 40 patients undergoing HD. We measured the patient's fluid spaces using a whole‐body bioimpedance apparatus to evaluate the changes in the fluid spaces before HD and 1–4 hours of HD and 30 minutes after HD. UF achieved during HD by the 40 patients (age, 60.0 ± 5.2 years; 50% men; 50% of patients with diabetes; body weight, 61.3 ± 10.5 kg) was 2.18 ± 0.78 L (measured fluid overload, 2.15 ± 1.24 L). 1) Mean relative reduction of total body water and extracellular water was reduced from the start to the end of HD. 2) However, mean relative reduction of intracellular water was not reduced from the start to the end of HD. 3) No significant differences in fluid shifts were observed according to hydration status. The source of net UF during HD is mostly the extracellular space regardless of hydration status. Thus, IDH may be related to differences in the interstitial fluid shift to the vascular space.
Evaluation of a hydrophobic gel adhering to the gingiva in comparison with a standard water‐soluble 1% chlorhexidine gel after scaling and root planing in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis. A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rusu D , Stratul S‐I , Sarbu C , Roman A , Anghel A , Didilescu A , Jentsch H
Published: June 2015

Objectives

To evaluate the clinical, microbiological and enzymatic activity of a hydrophobic chlorhexidine‐based gingiva‐adhering gel containing herbal ingredients, compared with a commercially available 1% chlorhexidine water‐soluble gel, during non‐surgical therapy of moderate chronic periodontitis.

Methods

A total of 34 subjects participated in this 6‐month blinded randomized parallel controlled trial (ISRCTN35210084). After scaling and root planing (SRP), test group received the gel, by rubbing on the gingiva, once every second day, for 14 days. The control group received the control gel twice daily. Clinical parameters considered were the approximal plaque index, simplified oral hygiene index, modified gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment level (primary outcome), assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months, together with the frequency of detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola (T.d.), Tannerella forsythia (T.f.), and activity of neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase (secondary outcomes).

Results

At 3 and 6 months, all clinical parameters improved significantly, without significant intergroup differences, except OHI‐S, which improved at 3 months (P < 0.05). Microbiological data resulted in no significant intergroup differences at baseline and 6 months. At 3 months, significant differences for P.g., T.f. and T.d. were noted. A significant reduction of neutrophil elastase after 3 and 6 months was observed (P < 0.005), without significant intergroup differences. For myeloperoxidase, significant reductions were noted in both groups (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05), but no significant intergroup differences. The tested product seemed to have an increased efficacy, due to longer persistence on the gingiva, with reduced application frequency.

Conclusions

Both products had a relatively similar influence on the clinical, microbiological and enzymatic outcomes at 3 and 6 months after SRP.
Thrombectomy in Patients Ineligible for iv tPA (THRILL)
Authors: Bendszus Martin , Thomalla Götz , Knauth Michael , Hacke Werner , Bonekamp Susanne , Fiehler Jens
Published: June 2015

Rationale

A relevant proportion of patients with acute ischemic stroke are ineligible for intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Mechanical thrombectomy offers a treatment alternative for these patients; however, only few data are available on its safety and efficacy.

Aims and/or hypothesis

The aim of this study was to compare safety and efficacy of stent retrievers as device class with best medical care alone in acute stroke patients with large intracranial vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation who are not eligible for intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator up to eight-hours of symptom onset.

Design

‘Thrombectomy in patients ineligible for iv tPA’ is a prospective, open-label, blinded end-point, binational (Germany and Austria), two-arm, randomized, controlled, post-market study.

Study outcome(s)

Primary end-point is the modified Rankin Score shift analysis 90 days (±14) after stroke. Secondary end-points are excellent neurological outcomes (modified Rankin Score ≤ 1), good neurological outcomes (modified Rankin Score ≤ 2 or National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale improvement ≥ 10), difference between predicted infarct volume and actual core infarct volume (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) at 30 (±6) h post-ictus, successful recanalization (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score 2b or 3), functional health status 90 (±14) days after stroke (European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions) as well as common safety endpoints (adverse event, serious adverse event, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage at 30 (±6) h, death, or dependency).

Discussion

Whether mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke who are not eligible for intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator improves clinical outcomes is unclear. ‘Thrombectomy in patients ineligible for iv tPA’ may change clinical practice by providing evidence of an effective and safe treatment for such patients.
Postgraduate Education and Labor Market Outcomes: An Empirical Analysis Using Micro Data from Japan
Authors: Morikawa Masayuki
Published: June 2015

Using a large micro dataset from Japan, this paper provides evidence on the relationship between postgraduate education and labor‐market outcomes. According to the analysis, the key findings include: (1) The employment‐to‐population rates of females and elderly people with postgraduate educations are higher than those with undergraduate educations. (2) The postgraduate wage premium relative to undergraduates is approximately 30–40 percent, which is similar in magnitude for male and female workers. (3) The wage reduction after age 60 is less for workers with a postgraduate education. (4) The private rate of return to postgraduate education exceeds 10 percent.
Market Timing With Moving Averages
Authors: Glabadanidis Paskalis
Published: June 2015

I present evidence that a moving average (MA) trading strategy has a greater average return and skewness as well as a lower variance compared to buying and holding the underlying asset using monthly returns of value‐weighted US decile portfolios sorted by market size, book‐to‐market, and momentum, and seven international markets as well as 18,000 individual US stocks. The MA strategy generates risk‐adjusted returns of 3–7% per year after transaction costs. The performance of the MA strategy is driven largely by the volatility of stock returns and resembles the payoffs of an at‐the‐money protective put on the underlying buy‐and‐hold return. Conditional factor models with macroeconomic variables, especially the default premium, can explain some of the abnormal returns. Standard market timing tests reveal ample evidence regarding the timing ability of the MA strategy.
Where hearing starts: the development of the mammalian cochlea
Authors: Basch Martin L. , Brown Rogers M. , Jen Hsin‐I , Groves Andrew K.
Published: June 2015

The mammalian cochlea is a remarkable sensory organ, capable of perceiving sound over a range of 1012 in pressure, and discriminating both infrasonic and ultrasonic frequencies in different species. The sensory hair cells of the mammalian cochlea are exquisitely sensitive, responding to atomic‐level deflections at speeds on the order of tens of microseconds. The number and placement of hair cells are precisely determined during inner ear development, and a large number of developmental processes sculpt the shape, size and morphology of these cells along the length of the cochlear duct to make them optimally responsive to different sound frequencies. In this review, we briefly discuss the evolutionary origins of the mammalian cochlea, and then describe the successive developmental processes that lead to its induction, cell cycle exit, cellular patterning and the establishment of topologically distinct frequency responses along its length.
Foreignization, Financialization and Land Grab Regulation
Authors: Fairbairn Madeleine
Published: June 2015

The global rush for land has provoked diverse policy responses from host countries. While some governments are facilitating ‘land grabs’ within their borders, others have restricted land acquisitions by foreigners. Drawing from the Brazilian case, I argue that such restrictive regulations may be limited in their effectiveness because they apply a state‐centric geopolitical logic to a threat that is largely de‐territorialized and financialized. The Brazilian government reacted to fears about land grabbing by reinstating a legal framework from the 1970s that focuses on the threat that foreigners pose to national sovereignty. This measure dampened international enthusiasm for Brazilian land, but it also triggered companies to begin searching for legal ways to get around the restrictions, often by exploiting the mismatch between the fungibility of global capital and the rigidity of the foreign/domestic dichotomy. I suggest that the semi‐permeability of the new restrictions may present an opportunity for the Brazilian government to balance its conflicting commitments to smallholder farmers and export‐oriented agribusiness. Regulations focused on foreign threats may be politically effective even as they impose an outdated conceptual framework on a far more complex reality.
Derivatives for Development? Small‐Farmer Vulnerability and the Financialization of Climate Risk Management
Authors: Isakson S. Ryan
Published: June 2015

While agricultural production has always been a risky endeavour, it has become even more so in the current context of climatic change and increasing market uncertainty. Meanwhile, the rollback of state protections has rendered small‐scale farmers, especially marginalized peasant producers in the Global South, particularly vulnerable to these contemporary stressors. This essay critically evaluates the contemporary roll‐out of financial derivatives that purportedly aim to mitigate smallholder vulnerability. It gives particular attention to a novel type of derivative known as index‐based agricultural insurance (IBAI) that plays an increasingly prominent role in initiatives to ‘climate proof’ agriculture. The creation of IBAI markets has required significant work, including (1) technical interventions to debundle environmental risk from agricultural production and rebundle it in novel ways that support private financial capital and agricultural input suppliers, (2) extensive state support in the creation of risk markets, and (3) the construction of an accommodating ‘insurance culture’ among small‐scale producers. In addition to mitigating weather‐based risk, a primary objective of IBAI is to spur agricultural modernization. In promoting this agenda, IBAI initiatives may have the paradoxical effect of exposing smallholders to new risks while expanding their overall vulnerability to environmental and economic stressors.
Assessment of maternal Doppler parameters of ophthalmic artery in fetuses with growth restriction in the third trimester of pregnancy: A case–control study
Authors: Melo Nayana Alves De Brito , Araujo Júnior Edward , Helfer Talita Micheletti , Caetano Ana Carolina Rabachini , Zamarian Ana Cristina Perez , Moron Antonio Fernandes , Diniz Angélica Lemos Debs , Nardozza Luciano Marcondes Machado
Published: June 2015

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the Doppler parameters of the ophthalmic artery of pregnant women carrying fetuses with growth restriction (FGR) compared with normal fetuses.

Material and Methods

A prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted with 120 pregnant women (60 FGR and 60 normal fetuses) between 32 and 40 weeks of gestation. FGR diagnosis was based on an estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile of the Hadlock curve. Ophthalmic artery Doppler images were obtained with a linear transducer, with color Doppler examination of the region medial to the optic nerve. The following indices were obtained: pulsatility index, resistance index, peak systolic velocity, second peak velocity (P2), end diastolic velocity, and P2 / peak systolic velocity ratio. The Mann–Whitney U‐test and Student's t‐test were used to compare the groups with regard to quantitative variables, and the χ2‐test was used for categorical variables.

Results

Pulsatility index and resistance index were significantly lower in pregnant women with FGR than in those with normal fetuses, with P < 0.001 in both indices. P2 and end diastolic velocity were significantly higher in pregnant women with FGR than in those with normal fetuses (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004, respectively). The P2 / peak systolic velocity ratio was significantly higher in the FGR group than in the control group (P < 0.001). In FGR subgroups, with (17 fetuses) and without (43 fetuses) uterine artery Doppler abnormalities, no significant changes were observed between the groups.

Conclusion

In the third trimester of pregnancy, we observed significant differences in the ophthalmic artery Doppler parameters of pregnant women with FGR compared with those with normal fetuses.
From diamonds to black stone; myth to reality: Acute kidney injury with paraphenylene diamine poisoning
Authors: Naqvi Rubina , Akhtar Fazal , Farooq Uzma , Ashraf Sumaira , Rizvi Syed Adibul Hasan
Published: June 2015

Aim

We report here, a case series of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) after ingestion of paraphenylene diamine (PPD) a derivative of analine. It is used as a colouring agent to dye hair, fur and plastic and in photographic films.

Methods

Subjects for the study reported here comprised a cohort of 100 patients coming to this institution with AKI following PPD poisoning. AKI was defined according to RIFLE criteria and PPD poisoning on the basis of history and presenting features. All patients had normal sized kidneys on ultrasonography and no previous co‐ morbidity.

Results

One hundred patients with AKI after PPD exposure were brought to this institute between May 2010 and February 2015. Among these, 56 were females, with mean age of 23.11 ± 7.94 years. Cause of AKI was toxic rhabdomyolysis as indicated by marked rise in muscle enzymes with mean lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine phosphokinase levels of 6665.22 ± 6272.04 and 194 486.66 ± 301 905.80, respectively. Hepatotoxicity with raised aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase was a main feature of the studied population. Renal replacement was required in 97% of patients. Complete renal recovery was observed in 77 patients, while 16 died during the acute phase of illness. Respiratory failure and recurrent hyperkalaemia were the main causes of mortality.

Conclusion

Easy availability and low cost of PPD has lead to a remarkable increase in the use of this substance, especially for suicidal purposes. Awareness of its effects among health professionals, as well as at a societal and government level, is needed at this time.
BAHD or SCPL acyltransferase? What a dilemma for acylation in the world of plant phenolic compounds
Authors: Bontpart Thibaut , Cheynier Véronique , Ageorges Agnès , Terrier Nancy
Published: June 2015

Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites involved in several plant growth and development processes, including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The biosynthetic pathways leading to the vast diversity of plant phenolic products often include an acylation step, with phenolic compounds being the donor or acceptor molecules. To date, two acyltransferase families using phenolic compounds as acceptor or donor molecules have been described, with each using a different ‘energy‐rich’ acyl donor. BAHD‐acyltransferases, named after the first four biochemically characterized enzymes of the group, use acyl‐CoA thioesters as donor molecules, whereas SCPL (Serine CarboxyPeptidase Like)‐acyltransferases use 1‐O‐β‐glucose esters. Here, common and divergent specifications found in the literature for both enzyme families were analyzed to answer the following questions. Are both acyltransferases involved in the synthesis of the same molecule (or same group of molecules)? Are both acyltransferases recruited in the same plant? How does the subcellular localization of these enzymes impact metabolite trafficking in plant cells?
Successful treatment by coil embolization for infantile hemangioma with Kasabach–Meritt syndrome of newborn
Authors: Tezuka Mari , Ohta Masaaki , Ochi Fumihiro , Chisaka Toshiyuki , Higaki Takashi , Ishii Eiichi
Published: June 2015

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common tumor of infancy, and it sometimes associated with Kasabach–Meritt syndrome (KMS) characterized by anemia, intraperitoneal hemorrhage secondary to rupture, coagulopathy, jaundice, and vascular malformations involving the brain, skin, gut, and other organs. Here, we report two newborn patients having IH with KMS at birth. The first patient had a giant hemangioma in the liver, which was successfully treated with i.v. corticosteroid and coil embolization. The second patient had a large hemangioma of the right axillary region, which was also successfully treated with i.v. corticosteroid, beta‐blocker, coil embolization and local irradiation. All symptoms were controlled without any side‐effects in both patients. According to these findings, combination therapy including coil embolization and corticosteroid is effective for IH patients with KMS. The indications for and timing of coil embolization should be determined further cases have been accumulated.
The European Union's Potential Contribution to Enhanced Governance of Offshore Oil and Gas Operations in the Arctic
Authors: Liu Nengye
Published: June 2015

This article focuses on the potential contribution of the European Union (EU) to an enhanced legal regime for Arctic offshore oil and gas operations. It first briefly describes existing international law for the regulation of offshore oil and gas operations in the Arctic. The article then discusses the development of the EU's Arctic policy and the EU's competence to regulate Arctic offshore oil and gas activities. Subsequently, it analyses potential actions and initiatives that could be taken by the EU to promote high safety standards for offshore oil and gas operations in the Arctic.
A class of Stein‐rules in multivariate regression model with structural changes
Authors: Chen Fuqi , Nkurunziza Sévérien
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we consider an estimation problem of the matrix of the regression coefficients in multivariate regression models with unknown change‐points. More precisely, we consider the case where the target parameter satisfies an uncertain linear restriction. Under general conditions, we propose a class of estimators that includes as special cases shrinkage estimators (SEs) and both the unrestricted and restricted estimator. We also derive a more general condition for the SEs to dominate the unrestricted estimator. To this end, we extend some results underlying the multidimensional version of the mixingale central limit theorem as well as some important identities for deriving the risk function of SEs. Finally, we present some simulation studies that corroborate the theoretical findings.
The novel HLA‐B*44 allele, HLA‐B*44:220, identified by Single Molecule Real‐Time DNA sequencing in a British Caucasoid male
Authors: Hayward D. R. , Bultitude W. P. , Mayor N. P. , Madrigal J. A. , Marsh S. G. E.
Published: June 2015

The genomic sequence of the novel HLA‐B*44:220 allele identified in a British Caucasoid male.
Hold my calls: an activity for introducing the statistical process
Authors: Abel Todd , Poling Lisa
Published: June 2015

Working with practicing teachers, this article demonstrates, through the facilitation of a statistical activity, how to introduce and investigate the unique qualities of the statistical process including: formulate a question, collect data, analyze data, and interpret data.
Look‐back study on recipients of Parvovirus B19 (B19V) DNA‐positive blood components
Authors: Juhl D. , Özdemir M. , Dreier J. , Görg S. , Hennig H.
Published: June 2015

Background and Objectives

To assess the relevance of Parvovirus B19 (B19V) DNA at low to intermediate concentrations in blood donors for the recipients of their blood components.

Material and Methods

We studied recipients of B19V DNA‐positive blood components [red blood cell concentrates (RBCs), pooled platelet concentrates and fresh frozen plasma]. This included archived pretransfusion samples as well as follow‐up samples investigated by ELISA or NAT and genome sequence analysis.

Results

In 132 out of 424 recipients, we could detect no anti‐B19V IgG before transfusion. In 67 out of 132 sero‐negative recipients, a follow‐up sample was available. Sixty‐five of these received blood components from donors with <104 IU B19V DNA/ml plasma and had no evidence of transfusion‐transmitted (TT)‐B19V infection. Homology in genome sequences in donor and recipient provided evidence for a TT‐B19V infection in two recipients. Both patients received RBC containing 3·4 × 106 and 1·8 × 104 IU B19V DNA/ml plasma, respectively. The anti‐B19V IgG titres in the donors were 2 and 76 IU/ml plasma, respectively. The antibodies in the second donor were directed against capsid proteins and are thus considered as potential neutralizing antibodies.

Conclusions

TT‐B19V infections through blood components with low (<104 IU/ml plasma) B19V DNA concentrations did not occur in our study. One of the TT‐B19V infections occurred from RBC with intermediate B19V DNA concentration despite the presence of potential neutralizing antibodies in the donor, but its clinical significance was low.
Computing Bond Values to Teach Time Value of Money Principles
Authors: McGowan Carl B. , Joyner Donald T.
Published: June 2015

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how to use bond valuation to teach students how to use a financial calculator. In this paper, a single bond issuance is examined using three different yields to maturity (i.e. market rates). The present values of a $1000 bond issue, valued with five years to maturity and a ten percent coupon rate, are determined using three different yields to maturity: 8% (which would result in a premium), 10% (which would result in neither a discount nor a premium), and 12% (which would result in a discount). The present value of the bond is determined by calculating the present values of both the coupon payment stream (an annuity) and the maturity value (present value of a lump sum) given three different situations. All three values are determined for each year as the time to maturity decreases. A discount (premium) from a change in the YTM is reduced each year until maturity. The results are shown in tables and graphed in Figure 2.
Motor units in the human medial gastrocnemius muscle are not spatially localized or functionally grouped
Authors: Héroux Martin E. , Brown Harrison J. , Inglis J. Timothy , Siegmund Gunter P. , Blouin Jean‐Sébastien
Published: June 2015

Key points

Human medial gastrocnemius (MG) motor units (MUs) are thought to occupy small muscle territories or regions, with low‐threshold units preferentially located distally.

We used intramuscular recordings to measure the territory of muscle fibres from MG MUs and determine whether these MUs are grouped by recruitment threshold or joint action (ankle plantar flexion and knee flexion).

The territory of MUs from the MG muscle varied from somewhat localized to highly distributed, with approximately half the MUs spanning at least half the length and width of the muscle. There was also no evidence of regional muscle activity based on MU recruitment thresholds or joint action.

The CNS does not have the means to selectively activate regions of the MG muscle based on task requirements.

Human medial gastrocnemius (MG) motor units (MUs) are thought to occupy small muscle territories, with low‐threshold units preferentially located distally. In this study, subjects (n = 8) performed ramped and sustained isometric contractions (ankle plantar flexion and knee flexion; range: ∼1–40% maximal voluntary contraction) and we measured MU territory size with spike‐triggered averages from fine‐wire electrodes inserted along the length (seven electrodes) or across the width (five electrodes) of the MG muscle. Of 69 MUs identified along the length of the muscle, 32 spanned at least half the muscle length (≥ 6.9 cm), 11 of which spanned all recording sites (13.6–17.9 cm). Distal fibres had smaller pennation angles (P < 0.05), which were accompanied by larger territories in MUs with fibres located distally (P < 0.05). There was no distal‐to‐proximal pattern of muscle activation in ramp contraction (P = 0.93). Of 36 MUs identified across the width of the muscle, 24 spanned at least half the muscle width (≥ 4.0 cm), 13 of which spanned all recording sites (8.0–10.8 cm). MUs were not localized (length or width) based on recruitment threshold or contraction type, nor was there a relationship between MU territory size and recruitment threshold (Spearman's rho = −0.20 and 0.13, P > 0.18). MUs in the human MG have larger territories than previously reported and are not localized based on recruitment threshold or joint action. This indicates that the CNS does not have the means to selectively activate regions of the MG muscle based on task requirements.
Optimization of Spiral Contours for Pulsed Laser Micromachining
Authors: Tshabalala L. C. , Ntuli C. P. , Makama S. V. , Pityana S.
Published: June 2015

In this work, both qualitative and quantitative analytical approaches were used to optimize the spiral contouring technique for complete continuous micromachining of targets. During laser ablation, spiral contours on the target were created by rotational and rastering motions (oscillation) in the x–y plane, while the laser beam position was fixed. Machining quality was characterized using laser to full surface interaction time and surface roughness. The results showed an increased laser–surface interaction time at a reduced raster angle and rastering velocity with high surface roughness at high machining time.
Optimal Designs for Vibrating Structures Using a Moving Isosurface Threshold Method With Experimental Study
Authors: Luo Quantian , Tong Liyong
Published: June 2015

This paper studies optimal designs for vibrating structures using a moving isosurface threshold method (MIST). In the present study, a combination of strain and kinetic energy densities is selected as a response function of natural frequency and then formulations to maximize a specific frequency, frequency separation, and average-mean are derived. An efficient algorithm is developed to find a moving isosurface threshold level for evolving the design boundary and updating the weighting factor. The present algorithm coupled with commercial finite element analysis (FEA) software is used to study optimal designs for vibrating structures. The obtained optimal designs are fabricated and the experimental tests are conducted to validate the optimal topologies.
A Human-Inspired Method for Point-to-Point and Path-Following Navigation of Mobile Robots
Authors: Heidari F. , Fotouhi R.
Published: June 2015

This paper describes a human-inspired method (HIM) and a fully integrated navigation strategy for a wheeled mobile robot in an outdoor farm setting. The proposed strategy is composed of four main actions: sensor data analysis, obstacle detection, obstacle avoidance, and goal seeking. Using these actions, the navigation approach is capable of autonomous row-detection, row-following, and path planning motion in outdoor settings. In order to drive the robot in off-road terrain, it must detect holes or ground depressions (negative obstacles) that are inherent parts of these environments, in real-time at a safe distance from the robot. Key originalities of the proposed approach are its capability to accurately detect both positive (over ground) and negative obstacles, and accurately identify the end of the rows of bushes (e.g., in a farm) and enter the next row. Experimental evaluations were carried out using a differential wheeled mobile robot in different settings. The robot, used for experiments, utilizes a tilting unit, which carries a laser range finder (LRF) to detect objects, and a real-time kinematics differential global positioning system (RTK-DGPS) unit for localization. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed technique is capable of successfully detecting and following rows (path following) as well as robust navigation of the robot for point-to-point motion control.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Classical Swine Fever Virus Isolate Belonging to a New Subgenotype, 2.1c, from Guangxi Province, China
Authors: Shao Weixing , Huang Yaohua , Liu Shuang , Wu Faxing , Zhang Zhi , Dong Yaqin , Li Xiaocheng
Published: June 2015

The complete genome sequence of a field isolate of classical swine fever strain (CSFV), GXF29/2013, was determined in this study. This strain was originally isolated from infected pigs in Guangxi Province, China. The most significant difference in the amino acid sequence of the polyprotein from subgenotypes 2.1a and 2.1b is an SPA→APV amino acid substitution at positions 88 and 90 in the E2 protein.
Complete Genome Sequence of Rat Cytomegalovirus Strain ALL-03 (Malaysian Strain)
Authors: Balakrishnan Krishnan Nair , Abdullah Ashwaq Ahmed , Camalxaman Siti Nazrina , Quah Yi Wan , Abba Yusuf , Hani Homayoun , Loh Hwei San , Kamal Farina Mustaffa , Zeenathul Nazariah Allaudin , Aini Ideris , Omar A. R. , Noordin Mohamed Mustapha , Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila
Published: June 2015

The complete genome sequence of the ALL-03 strain of rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) has been determined. The RCMV genome has a length of 197,958 bp and is arranged as a single unique sequence flanked by 504-bp terminal direct repeats. This strain is closely related to the English strain of RCMV in terms of genetic arrangement but differs slightly in size.
Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of 10 Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Serogroup O6 Strains
Authors: Pattabiraman Vaishnavi , Bopp Cheryl A.
Published: June 2015

Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
(ETEC) is an important cause of diarrhea in children under the age of 5 years and in adults living in developing countries, as well as in travelers to these countries. In this announcement, we release the draft whole-genome sequences of 10 ETEC serogroup O6 strains.
Draft Genome Sequence of a
Halorubrum
H3 Strain Isolated from the Burlinskoye Salt Lake (Altai Krai, Russia)
Authors: Rozanov Aleksey S. , Bryanskaya Alla V. , Malup Tatiana K. , Kotenko Anastasia V. , Peltek Sergey E.
Published: June 2015

A
Halorubrum
H3 strain was isolated from a water and silt sample from Burlinskoye Lake (Altai Krai, Russia, 53°8′19″N 78°24′27″E). According to 16S rRNA sequences, this strain is most closely related to
Halorubrum saccharovorum
. The completely sequenced and annotated genome is 3,282,373 bp and contains 3,237 genes.
Genome Sequence of the Potato Plant Pathogen Dickeya dianthicola Strain RNS04.9
Authors: Raoul des Essarts Yannick , Mondy Samuel , Hélias Valérie , Faure Denis
Published: June 2015

Dickeya dianthicola
is one of the causative agents of soft rot and blackleg diseases, which are currently identified in European countries in a wide range of crops. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
D. dianthicola
strain RNS04.9, which was isolated from a potato plant with blackleg symptoms in 2004.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Bacterium Lysobacter capsici X2-3, with a Broad Spectrum of Antimicrobial Activity against Multiple Plant-Pathogenic Microbes
Authors: Yi Jing-Li , Wang Jing , Li Qun , Liu Zhao-xia , Zhang Li , Liu Ai-Xin , Yu Jin-Feng
Published: June 2015

Lysobacter capsici
strain X2-3 was isolated from the wheat rhizosphere in China and exhibits a remarkable capacity to inhibit the growth of multiple pathogens. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
L. capsici
strain X2-3 in China.
Draft Genome Sequence of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Pseudomonas putida Strain KG-4, Isolated from Soil Samples Collected from Krishna-Godavari Basin in India
Authors: Dawar Chhavi , Aggarwal Ramesh K.
Published: June 2015

We report here the 5.58-Mb draft genome of
Pseudomonas putida
strain KG-4 obtained from the oil fields of the Krishna-Godavari basin, Andhra Pradesh, India. The genome sequence is expected to facilitate identification and understanding of genes associated with hydrocarbon metabolism, which can help in developing strategies for managing oil spills and bioremediation.