bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of coriander irrigated with saline water
Authors: FRANÇA Thaíse Santos , PAZ Kelvya Mikaelle Vieira da , SOUZA Amanda Ferreira de , SANTOS Lúcia Jacinto da Silva SANTOS , SANTOS Márcio Aurélio Lins dos
Published: May 2021

O coentro é uma das hortaliças folhosas mais produzidas por pequenos  produtores na região de Arapiraca, e estes fazem uso de água proveniente de pequenas fontes que possuem qualidade inferior. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho do coentro irrigado com diferentes lâminas de água. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido (estufa) na área experimental da Universidade Federal de Alagoas/Campus Arapiraca. O delineamento escolhido para a condução do experimento foi o Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC), com 5 lâminas de água com condutividade de 3,10 dSm-1 (L1=50,  L2= 75, L3= 100, L4=125 e L5= 150%), considerando a Evapotranspiração da Cultura (ETc), com 4 repetições, totalizando 20 parcelas experimentais. Foram utilizadas sementes de coentro cultivar Verdão. As variáveis analisadas foram altura da haste (AH) aos 10, 20 e 30 dias após a germinação, número de hastes (NH), massa seca aérea (MSA), massa seca da raiz (MSR) e massa seca total (MST). Todos os dados foram tabulados e submetidos à análise de variância. Conclui-se que a água com CEágua igual a 3,10 dSm-1 não influenciou no desenvolvimento do coentro.
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) response to water slides and nitrogen doses
Authors: COSTA Kívia Caroline da , DAMASCENO Floriano Alcantara , SILVA Danilo Santos , BARBOSA Allyne Hariadrinny Pereira , SILVA Julianna Catonio da , SANTOS Márcio Aurélio Lins dos
Published: May 2021

Água e nutrientes são fatores indispensáveis para o melhor desempenho da cultura do rabanete (Raphanus sativus). Objetivou-se avaliar respostas do rabanete a lâminas de irrigação e níveis de adubação nitrogenada. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus de Arapiraca, no período de abril a maio de 2018, em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados (DBC) com fatorial 5x5, em 4 repetições totalizando em 100 parcelas experimentais, sendo elas correspondentes a 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% e 150% da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) e recomendação adubação química pra cultura conforme a análise de solo em 50, 75, 100, 125, e 150%. Após trinta dias da semeadura direta foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: massa fresca do bulbo com raiz (MFB) e massa seca do bulbo com raiz (MSB). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância com teste de regressão no programa estatístico Sisvar 5.6. A maior MFB 68,09g foi obtida na lâmina de 194,78mm e a maior MSB 3,16g foi encontrada na lâmina de 186,67mm. Os níveis de adubação nitrogenada não interferiram no desempenho da raiz do rabanete.
Spodosols
Authors: Gomes Thaís , Rodrigues Marcelo , Barbosa Samuel , Araujo Millena , Gomes Cícero , Aurélio Márcio
Published: May 2021

Os Espodossolos são, em geral, de moderado a fortemente ácidos, normalmente com baixa saturação por bases (distróficos), podendo apresentar altos teores de alumínio extraível. A textura é predominantemente arenosa e raramente argilosa (tendente para média ou siltosa) no horizonte B espódico. Em razão da pequena quantidade de trabalhos realizados sobre os Espodossolos do Brasil, existe a necessidade de conhecer suas características para sua melhor compreensão. Assim, objetivou-se estudar os Espodossolos, desde suas características gerais até suas limitações e potencialidades, visando compreender melhor a sua gênese, além do aprimoramento na definição do horizonte B espódico e da subdivisão desta Ordem no Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. Tendo em vista que, são solos que ocorrem em poucas áreas brasileiras, com horizontes bem definidos, de textura arenosa e de baixa fertilidade, por isso pouco usado na agricultura.
Difficulties in the elaboration and execution of environmental education projects in public schools
Authors: Costa Cristiano Cunha
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho se apesenta como um relato de experiências vividas durante a elaboração e execução de projetos de educação ambiental de forma participativa por professores e alunos em escolas públicas da cidade de Aracaju e do interior do estado de Sergipe. O objetivo é relatar sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas durante a elaboração e execução dos projetos de educação ambiental em escolas públicas, que muitas vezes culminam no não atendimentos dos objetivos propostos. Observa-se que há pouco interesse de alguns professores no envolvimento dos projetos, falta conhecimento prático e teórico sobre educação ambiental, gerando uma confusão sobre termos como multi e pluridisciplinar, inter e transdisciplinar e resultando em ações ambientais restritas a datas comemorativas. Além disso, o Projeto Político Pedagógico de algumas escolas não contempla as ações de educação ambiental. Tais projetos de educação ambiental exigem uma nova configuração no meio escolar com objetivos e metodologias interdisciplinares, envolvendo a qualificação do professor e inclusão do saber ambiental a nova proposta político-pedagógica.
Performance response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., asteraceae) cultivated with potted manure
Authors: Rocha Santos Daniel , PINHEIRO Rodrigo Almeida , SILVA Jecilãine Efigênia da , SOUSA Taynara Alves de , BARROS Rubens Pessoa de
Published: May 2021

O girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) pertence à família asteraceae, é cultivado em todos os continentes, tem importância econômica. Seu cultivo necessita de fertilizantes orgânicos, que além de ter custo baixo de aquisição, melhora as propriedades químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo e reciclagem dos nutrientes no sistema solo-planta. Objetivou-se com esse estudo verificar o desempenho do girassol (H. annuus) com esterco aviário cultivado em vasos comparando com outras fontes de matérias orgânicas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos (solo com esterco aviário,  solo + esterco bovino, solo + esterco caprino e solo sem adubo (Testemunha) com 5 repetições. Foi realizada a solarização por 5 dias, para eliminar possíveis microrganismos fitopatogênicos. No período da pré-colheita as variáveis: altura da planta - AP e diâmetro do caule - DC analisadas pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade tiveram resultados significativos no tratamento com a utilização de solo com esterco aviário. No período da pós-colheita da biomassa do girassol, as variáveis tamanho da raiz - TR, massa fresca total - MFT e massa seca total - MST mostraram resultados significativo no tratamento de solo com esterco aviário. A produção vegetal do girassol nos períodos de pré-colheita da fenologia da planta e pós-colheita, obtiveram resultados significativos com a adição de matéria orgânica utilizada.
Allometric and phenological study of Chinese boldo (Plectranthus ornatus Codd Lamiaceae) grown with different sources of organic matter
Authors: SOUSA Taynara Alves de , SANTOS Daniel Rocha , SILVA Jecilãine Efigênia da , PINHEIRO Rodrigo Almeida , CABRAL Maria Jéssica dos Santos , BARROS Rubens Pessoa de
Published: May 2021

O Boldo chinês (Plectranthus ornatus, Codd) é uma planta medicinal originária dos países do Mediterrâneo e Oriente pertencente à família Lamiaceae. A adubação orgânica fornece às plantas medicinais melhor desenvolvimento em suas características, proporcionando maior rendimento e produtividade.  O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os dados alométricos das folhas e acompanhar a fenologia das plantas de boldo chinês (P. ornatos) cultivada em diferentes fontes de adubação orgânica. A pesquisa foi realizada em casa de vegetação no Campus I Universidade Estadual de Alagoas, durante os meses de Janeiro a maio de 2019. Os procedimentos realizados foram o cálculo médio ponderado da área foliar (L x C) e o acompanhamento fenológico das plantas de boldo chinês. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: solo sem adição de adubo (T1), solo com adição de esterco aviário (T2), solo com adição esterco caprino (T3) e solo com adição esterco bovino (T4). As variáveis analisadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade demonstraram que a alometria das folhas foi significativa, o solo com adubo aviário se destacou. Nos resultados obtidos na pré-colheita e pós-colheita, o tratamento de solo com adubo aviário mostrou maior significância aos outros adubos orgânicos e da testemunha.
Development of a Push-Type Liquid Fertilizer and Pesticide Sprayer
Authors: Fadeyibi, A.,  , Akpenpuun, T. D.  , Issah, A. M.
Published: May 2021

Low yield, insect, pest and weeds competing with crops are challenges in crop production systems in Nigeria. This research was carried out to design and developed a push-type wheel operated liquid fertilizer/ pesticide sprayer. The materials used for fabrication were selected based on the design assumptions, calculations and sourced locally. The sprayer was mechanically operated through the rotating shaft of the cartwheels using a slider-cranks mechanism. An accumulator was provided to create the required pressure of continuous spraying action. The sprayer possesses two tanks of 16 L each, a wheel, a coup-able stand, eight nozzles and an adjustable height depending on the crop height. The sprayer can cover 4.8 hectares per day, effective field capacity of 1.13 ha/h, theoretical field capacity of 1.24 ha/h. and field efficiency of 91%. The developed sprayer consumes less time, cost effective, high efficiency and the users will just have to pull the cart and the whole mechanism will be operated with ease.
Sonographic Evaluation of Liver Dimensions among Apparently Healthy Adult Subjects in Kano Metropolis
Authors: Ghali Makoda Sani
Published: May 2021

The ability to ascertain the human liver by a sonographer allows for the diagnosis of various liver pathologies, establishing normal liver size aids in determining the treatment method for the underlying liver pathology. The study was aimed at evaluating normal liver size among apparently healthy adult subjects and to establish a reference value in Kano Metropolis. The study design was prospective and cross-sectional conducted in Kano Metropolis from June 2019 to September 2019. Using simple random sampling, a total of 384 subjects were recruited in the study. An EDAN ultrasound machine with a 3.5MHz curvilinear probe was used as the instrument for data collection. Age, height, weight, BMI and BSA were recorded on a data capture sheet. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. The mean (±SD) for cranio-caudal dimension of the right lobe was found to be 14.99±0.74cm in males and 14.38±0.72cm in females, mean left lobe 5.76±0.85cm in males and 5.39±0.81cm in females. The mean AP diameter of the right lobe was 13.02±1.12cm in males and 12.34±0.95cm in females. Liver dimension in males was greater than that of females (p˂0.001). Age and weight show significant moderate correlations with liver dimensions. (r=0.52, p˂0.001 and r=0.44, p˂0.001) in both males and females respectively. In Kano Metropolitan population, liver size was greater in males than females. It correlates significantly with age and weight in both males and females.
On the Existence and Stability of Periodic Solutions of Airy’s Equation with Elastic Coefficients
Authors: U.E. Obasi  , B.O. Osu  , C.P. Ogbogbo
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the existence and stability of periodic solutions of a certain second order differential equation with elastic coefficient were investigated using power series method, eigenvalue approach and lyapunov direct method. Existence of analytical solution which is independent of time was achieved using the power series method. Eigenvalue approach and Lyapunov direct method were used to investigate the stability of the resulting solution. Periodic solution was obtained using the eigenvalues of the resulting matrix. The first stability method further examined stability of the equilibrium point by considering the intervals around the origin and it’s discriminate. The equilibrium points for the intervals and the discriminate were unstable because the real part of the characteristics root is zero. Unstable equilibrium point was also obtained for the second stability method using the energy function and time derivative around the equilibrium point. The two unstable results indicated that there were highly instability regions with a strictly positive elastic coefficient. The highly instability regions
were confirmed by the presence of elastic coefficient which reduces oscillation with an increase in amplitude. Furthermore, numerical simulations for existence and stability of Airy’s equation at different values of the elastic coefficient were illustrated in order to demonstrate the behaviour of the solutions which extends some results in literature.
Optimisation of Physical Parameters for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity of Acalypha Hispida Leaf Extract
Authors: A. Banso  , F. Banso  , S.O. Ajeigbe  , A. A. Koleola
Published: May 2021

Utilization of available local resources is essential in primary health care. The Genus Acalypha belongs to the family Euphobiaccae. It consists of many species of diverse medicinal uses. The plant is found in different
geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Extract of Acalypha hispida leaves were examined for their antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli (ATCC 28923), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 28923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC
29212) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051). Staphylococcus aureus was more susceptible to the effect of A. hispida in susceptibility studies while E. faecalis which has the lowest ranges of suppression appeared to be
more resistant. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract ranged between 20mg/ml and 35mg/ml. The diameter of zone of inhibition of the extract increased with increase in extraction temperature from 28°C to 80°C when the extract was maintained at these temperatures for 1h. The optimal temperature of extraction for maximum activity of the extract was 80°C while the optimum extraction concentration for maximum activity was 30% (w/v). The extract was thermostable at 45°C temperature. The consequence of the
plant extract on the microorganisms suggests that it could be useful in chemotherapy
Bronchogenic Cyst Associated with an Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect in a One and Half Month Infant: Is it the Youngest Patient Yet
Authors: Vishal V Bhende , Hardil P Majmudar , Kumar Amit , Sohilkhan R Pathan , Shradha H Patel
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

We report an extremely rare case of a Bronchogenic Cyst incidentally identified via contrast enhanced computed tomography in a one and half-month-old male infant, a known case of Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect and mild pulmonary hypertension. The patient was evaluated in detail and cystic mass resembling a Bronchogenic Cyst was found over lower paratracheal mediastinal space. The patient was planned for excision of the posterior mediastinal lesion using a right limited postero-lateral thoracotomy incision and complete excision was done and the mass was pathologically confirmed to be a Bronchogenic Cyst. This case is one of the few rare cases of infants with acyanotic congenital heart defectd that were incidentally found to have a Bronchogenic Cyst. This case to our knowledge is one of the youngest patient yet and also highlights the importance of identifying rare causes like these amongst differentials of cough and wheeze responding poorly to regular treatment.
Co-administration of Colchicine and Allopurinol alleviates vascular calcification induced by hyperuricemia via suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Ji Yang , Wang Maojing , Sun Libo , Ding Wei , Cai Shanglang , Zhao Qing
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of VC in patients with hyperuricemia, while lowering the uric acid level accordingly reduces the risk of VC. Additionally, both ALL and COL suppress inflammatory response and oxidative stress. However, it is unclear whether novel therapeutic strategies, such as combined administration of COL and ALL, can achieve a better performance in lowering hyperuricemia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of co-administration of COL and ALL in the treatment of VC.

Material and methods

Von Kossa staining was performed to evaluate the aortic vascular calcification in HUC rats treated under different therapeutic conditions. Quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to analyze the expression of genes involved in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia.

Results

Combined administration of COL and ALL alleviated the aortic vascular calcification in HUC rats. The aberrant up-regulation of genes related to differentiation, BMP2, RUNX2, OC and ALP, was effectively reversed by the combined treatment of COL and ALL in HUC rats and cellular models. Besides, the dysregulation of enzymes and cytokines involved in oxidative and inflammatory responses was restored by the combined treatment of COL and ALL.

Conclusions

In this study, we tested the therapeutic effect of ALL combined with COL on the treatment of VC in animals with hyperuricemia by examining their influence on oxidative stress and inflammation. Our work helped to gain a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of hyperuricemia, and revealed that the efficiency of the combined treatment with COL and ALL out-performed the mono-therapy of any single compound.
ST2L expression on monocyte subsets is associated with the severity of acute coronary syndrome and plaque vulnerability
Authors: Ju Peinan , Zhuang Jianhui , Singh Shekhar , Lyu Yuyan , Li Xiankai , Xu Yawei
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Pro-inflammatory monocyte infiltration and conversion to macrophages is an established risk factor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and plaque instability visualized by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Increased serum levels of soluble ST2 isoform (sST2) predict poor outcomes in patients with ACS. However, whether the transmembrane ST2 isoform (ST2L) could early assess the severity of ACS and the vulnerability of plaques remains elusive.

Material and methods

Flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to evaluate the levels of ST2L on different monocyte subsets in ACS patients and serum concentration of sST2. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated and polarized to M1 or M2 phenotype, which levels of ST2L expression were detected by Quantitative RT-PCR and Immunoblots.

Results

The proportion and absolute number of ST2L on monocyte subsets 1 (Mon1) and Mon2 significantly declined, accompanied with increased serum sST2, in ACS patients comparing with controls. However, only proportion of ST2L+/Mon2 remained closely associated with the severity of atherosclerotic plaques. Patients with thin cap fibrous atheroma (TCFA) calculated by OCT had lower absolute number (Non-TCFA 1.26×104 ± 0.63×104/ml vs. TCFA 0.92×104 ± 0.37×104/ml, P = 0.034) and lower percentage (Non-TCFA 17.65% ± 3.10% vs. TCFA 13.17% ± 2.29%, P < 0.001) of ST2L+/Mon2 than those without TCFA. In multivariate analysis, the proportion of ST2L+/Mon2 was considered as an independent determinant for TCFA. In BMDMs, sST2 and ST2L were highly expressed in M2 macrophage.

Conclusions

Compared to circulating sST2, the proportion of ST2L expressing on Mon2 subsets was more strongly associated with the severity of ACS and plaque vulnerability.
LncRNA GACAT3 contributes to osteoarthritis progression by suppressing growth and inducing apoptosis of chondrocytes through miR-195/TGF-β/Smad5 axis
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Bo , Wei Chunxia , Huang Xiaoqun
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified as an important regulator involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). We aimed to evaluate whether lncRNA GACAT3 regulate OA progression by miR-195/TGF-β/Smad5 axis.

Material and methods

Expression levels in tissue or chondrocytes were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Effects of GACAT3 on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis were evaluated. Targeted interactions of GACAT3, miR-195 and Smad5 were confirmed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay and biotin-coupled miRNA capture assay. Transfected or non-transfected cells were treated with TGF-β1 to verify role of TGF-β in mechanisms of OA progression.

Results

GACAT3 was overexpressed in OA tissues and associated with OA severity. After GACAT3 overexpression, the ability of cell viability and proliferation as well as proliferation-related genes was inhibited with enhanced level of apoptosis-related genes and Smad5. miR-195-5p was negatively targeted by GACAT3 and reversed effects caused by GACAT3. miR-195-5p negatively targeted Smad5. In the presence of TGF-β1, miR-195-5p mimics inhibited activation of Smad1/5, Smad5 and Smad2 compared with negative control. Immunofluorescence showed that miR-195-5p inhibited Smad1/5 activation and transfer to nucleus. In the presence of TGF-β1, GACAT3 facilitated the activation of TGF-β signaling. In clinical sample analysis, GACAT3 was positively correlated with Smad5 expression in OA patients.

Conclusions

We confirmed the up-regulation of GACAT3 in OA patients, and found that GACAT3 regulated the chondrocytes phenotypes by miR-195/TGF-β/Smad5 axis and in turn contributed to OA progression. Findings indicated that GACAT3 may act as a novel therapeutic target for controlling OA progression.
Dysregulation of microRNA-125b is involved in the pathogenesis of post-operative infection via modulating the STAT3/procalcitonin (PCT) signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Li , Yang Mingzhu , Jin Xuan
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Procalcitonin (PCT) has been reported to function as a predictive biomarker of post-operative infection. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the regulation of PCT expression.

Material and methods

72 children diagnosed with post-operative infection and 58 children without post-operative infection were recruited in this study. Computational analysis, luciferase assay, real-time PCR, Western-blot analysis, and assays of post-operative C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and PCT were performed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the regulation of PCT expression.

Results

MiR-125b was found to repress STAT3 expression with putative binding sites in 3’UTR of STAT3. The levels of PCT and miR-125b in non-infection group remained stable from day 0 to day 5, while the level of PCT was increased in the infection group along with a decreased level of miR-125b from day 1 to day 5. The post-operative levels of CRP and ESR in both non-infection and infection groups were evidently increased in a time-dependent manner, but the levels of miR-106b and miR-20a in both non-infection and infection groups remained stable. The area under the curve (AUC) values of PCT, CRP, ESR, miR-125b, miR-106b and miR-20a demonstrated that only miR-125b and PCT were involved in infection. Transfection with miR-125b reduced STAT3 expression, while the activation of STAT3 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment up-regulated PCT production. Finally, miR-125b down-regulated the expression of PCT by targeting STAT3.

Conclusions

Taken together, we suggested that miR-125b was involved in the prognosis and diagnosis of poster-operative infection by modulating the signaling pathway of miR-125b/STAT3/PCT.
Comparative Analysis of Anxiety/Depression Scores in COVID-19 Patients with Disease Severity, Sleep Patterns, and Certain Laboratory Test Results
Authors: Meng Zi-Qiang , Leng Qi , Wang Xu , Xu Chun-Hai , Xu Jing , Liu Yan
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with severe emotional changes. This research aims to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in COVID-19 patients and its relationship with disease severity, sleep patterns, lifestyle, and specific laboratory test results.

Material and methods

An observational study of 52 Chinese patients with COVID-19 was conducted to assess the relation between anxiety and depression (evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and laboratory findings (lymphocytes, C-reactive proteins, leukocytes, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase). The relationships between the severity of COVID-19 in patients, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score were also investigated.

Results

There was a significant statistical difference between the disease, smoking, and HADS-A scores (P = 0.011 / 0.020). The HADS-D score of patients with the disease was higher than in those without the past medical history (P = 0.008). The difference in C-reactive protein (CRP) between different lung infections, the HADS-A and HADS-D scores between different ages and ISI groups, and the correlation between the two scores were statistically significant.

Conclusions

Anxiety and depression are associated with poor sleep quality, smoking, and past medical history in patients with COVID-19. Additionally, anxiety and depression were seen to coexist, and there was a positive correlation between them. Further, the inflammatory index CRP was significantly increased in bilateral lung infections.
Ethical Leadership for Sustainable Development in Developing Countries
Authors: Patrick Okanga Nyangena Emily; Protus Akujah;
Published: May 2021

The study was intended to investigate how ethical leadership is a crucial ingredient in achieving sustainable development in third world countries. Sustainability leadership entails mindful actions and behaviours which embrace a global perspective to recognise the link between earth and humanity. Hence, through personal and organisational choices, a leader is expected to affect positive environmental and social change.  Sustainable leaders are rare today, and this is the reason why this study focuses on how sustainable leadership will act as a force towards sustainable development more especially for developing countries. This study concentrated purely on secondary sources of information. It described, summarised and discussed information initially presented in other academic publications sources like textbooks, journal articles, book reviews, commentaries, eBooks, etc. The study came into a conclusion that sustainable leadership is essential for sustainable development of a society. Nurturing an ethical leader is essential and will determine the transformation speed in overall development. It is collectively agreeable that resources are numerous, but leadership styles have been a letdown in many societies due to the plundering of public resources. There is a lack of public inclusivity in decision making. What society lacks most is moral leadership. This is the missing link in the sustainable development agenda.
Examining the Perception of the Youths towards Kazi Kwa Vijana ( Work for the Youth ) Programmes in Kericho Municipality of Kericho County, Kenya
Authors: Gilbert Langat
Published: May 2021

This study was intended to examine the perception of the youths towards this programme and find out how the programme has been effective in sustainable youth employment through the Kazi Kwa Vijana programme in Kericho Municipality. This study was carried out amongst youths and their coordinators who participated in the projects of the Kazi Kwa Vijana programme in this Municipality. The study employed Hertzberg’s Two Factor theory which is effectively a theory of job satisfaction. Youths as employees of the KKV programme needed some hygiene and motivational factors referred herein as satisfiers and dissatisfiers. The challenges that affected the Kazi Kwa Vijana programme needed to be studied empirically so that remedial action is put in place for its sustainability in future and in the long run serve as a guideline for the many other projects to be initiated by the government. The study findings are useful to the Government of Kenya, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, policy makers, NGOs, Kazi Kwa Vijana coordinators and all concerned stakeholders in devising workable strategies geared towards achieving the desired goals and objectives at the county and national level.
Current Established Structures That Run SDA Church Programs in Nakuru East and West Sub-Counties
Authors: John Ekwenye Evans Mong’are Ooga;
Published: May 2021

Spiritual growth and development of the Seventh-day Adventist church are significant in its life. It is important that the church fulfils its mandate of reaching people with the gospel and retain those who have already believed. While there is generally a growth in membership in the Adventist church in Africa, this is not the case in the Seventh-day Adventist churches in East and West Sub-counties in Nakuru County, Kenya. This study examined the currently established structures that run SDA church programs in Nakuru East and West Sub-counties. The researcher employed descriptive research designs with both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The results indicated that believers indeed had spiritual challenges that hindered the church from growing. It was found out that with commitment and education in the word of God members have the potential to reach the masses with the word of God. The findings from the study indicate that the Sabbath school and afternoon programs were poorly attended. It was also observed that family life becomes very repulsive because it touched on the personal lives of Members. It has been observed that though structures are in place, there is difficulty in fulfilling the programs on time. The leaders of the churches in this locality will need to work together with the laity in addressing the spiritual challenges.  When they work together results be a religious people and a church ready to fulfil God's mission. The spiritual leaders need to take a front lead. In addition, departmental leaders in the church should design spiritual programs that are vibrant and that are inclusive  encourage the participation of all members.
Influence of Cultural Modernization on Employee Performance: A Case of Nakuru Lands Offices in Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: David Gichuhi Carolynn Waweru; Peter Koome;
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to examine how cultural modernization has influenced employees' performance at the Nakuru Lands Offices. Various modernization programs have been undertaken among Kenyan public institutions with the view of improving employee performance. In the Ministry of Lands, various modernization initiatives have been implemented while others are ongoing. This study utilized the descriptive research design and targeted 56 operations employees and 6 heads of departments (HODs) at the Nakuru Lands Offices.  Data was collected using structured questionnaires from all the 56 operations employees. Data was also collected through semi-structured interviews with all the six HODs at Nakuru Land Office. Quantitative data collected using questionnaires was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics while the qualitative data collected through interviews was analyzed using the thematic technique. Results showed that the Nakuru Land Offices had made remarkable progress in terms of cultural modernization (score=82.9%). Pearson correlation analysis showed that cultural modernization (r= 0.509, sig=.000) has a positive and statistically significant association with employees' performance. This relationship was also supported by regression analysis results (β= .537, sig= .007). The study recommends that to significantly improve the level of employees' performance, the management at the Nakuru Land Office should cultivate a culture that supports employees' learning and growth and develop strategies for increasing organizational commitment among staff.
Influence of Church Political Activities on Congregation Socioeconomic Development: A Case of P.C.E.A. Molo Parish, Nakuru county-Kenya
Authors: Paul Gesimba Joseph Mwangi Ngatia; Peter Koome;
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of church political activities on congregation development at PCEA Molo Parish in Molo Sub-County, Nakuru County in Kenya. The study employed a descriptive design. The population of the study was 1093 individuals comprising of 690 communicants, 390 church groups' leaders, and 13 congregation chairpersons. From this population, 285 respondents comprising of 180 communicants, 102 group leaders, and 3 congregation chairperson were selected using the systematic sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to collect data from communicants and group leaders while interviews schedules were used to collect data from congregation chairpersons. Quantitative data was analysed using inferential and descriptive statistics and presented in the form of graphs and table. Qualitative data was analysed thematically and results reported in quotes and narratives. Findings revealed that the PCEA Molo Parish actively engages in an assortment of political activities including advocating for issues, which are relevant to members, educating members on political issues, promoting peace and reconciliation, shaping policies and laws, and development of values essential to political progress. The overall political activities score was 4.92 out of a possible highest score of 7. The Pearson correlation test indicated that there is a statistically significant positive association between church political activities and congregation socioeconomic development (r= .418, p=.014). The study recommended that the parish consider encouraging members of its congregation to increase their participation in politics and governance issues.
Examining the Effect of Fellowship Groups’ Interpersonal Relationships on Church Development in the African Gospel Church
Authors: Ndungu Ikenye David Kimeli Juma; Nason Vundi;
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of interpersonal relationship on church development. The study was built on Lewin’s theory of change and Stakeholders theory by Freeman. Descriptive research design was used to determine the effects of variables. The target population was the fellowship, church leaders and members of fellowship groups in AGC churches Anaimoi sub-county, Kericho County, Kenya. Anaimoi is divided into 6 wards with each having an average of 10 AGC churches. The fellowship groups in 18 churches were used as a sample. Strata random sampling was used to select the respondents. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and interviews. The study was analysed through descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS and presented in pie charts, tables and graphs. Interpretation was made based on research objective. A pilot study was carried out by choosing one small group fellowship to determine the reliability and validity of research instruments. Cronbach’s alpha technique was also used to test the reliability of the questionnaires’ items. Multiple regression models were used to test the relationships between the study variables. Results indicated that there was a positive relationship between Fellowship Groups’ Interpersonal Relationships and Church Development as the reported p value is higher than the critical value. Another aspect that was observed was that the fellowship groups had manageable number of members in the fellowship that blended easily and form trust among them. The working together as a team was greatly enhanced where a member of the fellowship groups was involved in the operations. The fellowship groups act as cornerstones of progressive management for the foreseeable future.
The Origin of European Settlement in Molo in the Early Colonial Period up to 1918
Authors: Njuguna Grace Wanjiru
Published: May 2021

The study examined the origin of European settlement in Molo in the early colonial period up to 1918. The study commenced in the year 1904 when land alienation for white settlement in Molo started. It was also in 1904 when the first settlers, Major Webb and Jasper Abraham, settled in Mariashoni and Kweresoi (Kuresoi) in Molo area respectively. Settler dominance in Molo was essentially a consequence of discriminatory economic policies adopted by the colonial state. The white settlers aimed to make strides in agricultural production because of their cumulative experiences, availability of infrastructure, capital and government support. The Colonial Capitalism Theory guided this study. Data was collected from informants through oral interviews and from the Kenya National Archives in Nairobi. Informants were identified through snowball sampling. Secondary sources such as books, journals and articles were also used. Data was analysed historically, thematically and logically. Finally, data has been presented in a qualitative form, which is descriptive in nature.
Teaching Strategies as Stimulus of Integrated HIV/AIDS Education in the Secondary School Curriculum in Kenya
Authors: Chesaro Daniel Kipyegon
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of teaching strategies on the implementation of integrated HIV/AIDS education in the secondary school curriculum. In Kenya, HIV/AIDS remains a significant challenge in all sectors of the economy; education is included. Failure in addressing the impact of HIV/AIDS would, therefore, put the country at the high risk of losing all the gains it has made in the education sector. The Innovation Decision Process Theory and the Health Belief Model guided the study. The study adopted a postpositivist philosophy paradigm. The mixed research design was adopted. The selection of 30 headteachers was made using purposive sampling, whereas 120 teachers stratified sampling and 528 students were selected using simple random sampling. Students’ and teachers’ questionnaire and head teachers interviews were used to obtain the required data from the respondents. Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha was used to establish the reliability and validity of the research instrument determined using expert judgment. The data was therefore analyzed using inferential statistics and descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistics Packages for Social Sciences version 21. The inferential statistics comprised of Spearman’s rank correlation, t-test and multiple regression. From the multiple regression model, (R2 = .810) showed that all the predictors used the account for 81% variation in the implementation of the integrated HIV/AIDS education. The study recommends that the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development provide in-service training for teachers on HIV/AIDS education. The study also suggests that high priority must be given to training teachers to teach HIV/AIDS.
Assessing the Challenges Facing the Laity in their Participation in Evangelisation in Njoro Parish of Nakuru County Kenya
Authors: Joshua O. Ayiemba; Rose, A. Mwonya Paul K. Gakuna; Fredrick O. Juma;
Published: May 2021

This study assessed the challenges facing the laity in their participation in evangelisation in Njoro Parish of Nakuru County Kenya. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. The target population included the Catholic faithful and the priests. The 181 participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data was collected using group discussions, questionnaires and interviews. Different questionnaires were administered for priests (PQ), catechists (CQ) and the laity (LQ). Reliability of the tools was tested using split-half method. A reliability coefficient of 0.5 and above was accepted. Descriptive statistics was used. SPSS programme was used to analyse data and was presented using frequency tables, percentages and charts. The study found out that evangelisation by the laity needs strengthening and that collaborative ministry is necessary for Njoro parish to realise its goal of evangelisation. The results also showed that some of the Christians are passive mainly due to lack of training and reluctance of the laity and the clergy to involve them in evangelisation process. The study observed that the laity needs training in pastoral field so that they could be actively engaged in pastoral activities of the parish. The clergy also needs to sensitise the laity on their role in evangelisation so that they can be effective. The study concludes that challenges of evangelisation calls for a new vision of understanding in order to concretely impact the faith.
Influence of Appropriate Physical Resources on Retention of Pupils with Disabilities in Mainstreamed Primary Schools in Bomet County, Kenya
Authors: Prof. Henry K. Kiplangat Daniel Kipkirui Ngeno; Prof. Frederick Ngala;
Published: May 2021

This research sought to find out the influence of appropriate physical resources on retention of pupils with disabilities in mainstreamed Primary Schools in Bomet County, Kenya. The challenge this study sought to address was low retention of Pupils with Disabilities (PWDs) in mainstreamed schools. This study was embedded in Systems Theory by Von Bertalanffy (1968). It adopted a survey research design. The target population was 840 teachers. Yamane formula was employed to get a sample size of 271 teachers. Multi-stage sampling procedure was applied. The findings of the study revealed that appropriate physical resources significantly influenced the retention of PWDs by = 19.2% (p<0.05). The study also reports a positive and statistically significant relationship between physical resources and retention of pupils with disabilities (r = 0.828, p<0.05). The study concludes that the supply of appropriate resources remains a major factor that promotes retention of pupils with disabilities. This means that when appropriate physical resources are provided to pupils with disabilities, their retention of pupils with disabilities in mainstreamed schools improve. However, a lack of these resources has been proven through the findings of this research that they cause drop out of PWDs from their schools. The study recommended that appropriate physical resources such as classrooms, toilets, dining halls, dormitories, laboratories and libraries in order to promote retention of pupils with disabilities be provided by school administrators.
Examining the Homosexual Worldview and its Implications for African Religious Contexts
Authors: Rotich Shadrack Chebet
Published: May 2021

This study's purpose is to help individual Christians and church, in general, to critically examine the homosexual worldview that is forcefully advancing against the biblical worldview and the potential threats it poses to the sanctity of human life and sexuality. Homosexuality is no longer a secret issue in this generation.  It has invaded the social, cultural and religious circus.  It is high time for the church to study, expose and confront this evil.  Any compromise will cause the church to lose its ethos and headed for peril.  Edward T. Welch, in his booklet on Homosexuality; Speaking the truth in love, acknowledges that “homosexuality is the hot issue of the day even more than abortion” (Welch, 2000). This study is of benefit to all religious organisations that subscribe to Christian biblical values.
Problematising Adults-Students pro-environmental Behaviour in Nginda Ward of Embu North Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Njeru Francis Rutere
Published: May 2021

This research examined pro-environmental behaviour between adults and youths in Nginda ward, Embu north sub County. The research relied on two theories, theory of planned action and theory of pro-social behaviour. The research followed a descriptive design. Data were collected using questionnaires with closed and open-ended questions. The researcher administered questionnaires in person, and filled the entire questionnaire according to the participant’s responses. In total 245 participants comprising, 124 adults (comprising men and women), 121 form three students drawn from Muvandory, Rugumu and St. Alphose day Secondary Schools, and 58 standard seven pupils from Rugumu, Muvandory and ST. Francis primary schools were involved in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise data and compare responses between groups. Differences in pro-environmental behaviour between adults and school children were examined to determine if the differences were statistically significant. A total of fourteen environmental problems were mentioned by participants to be prevalent in Nginda ward. The top three environmental problems mostly mentioned by participants included deforestation, water pollution and air pollution. The findings of this research can guide interventions by government and donor agencies seeking to mobilise and engage participation by both students and adults to combat environmental problems in Nginda ward. Future studies are needed to find out whether the scale will produce similar result in other group in this community which include business community, factory workers and eatery owners
The Impact of the African Inland Mission (AIM) On Social Change between 1895 and 1971 in Machakos District, Kenya
Authors: Muia Musyoki A. , Matheka Prof. Reuben , Chepchieng Dr. Mary
Published: May 2021

This study aimed at analysing the African Inland Mission and social transformation in Machakos District of Eastern Kenya from 1895 to 1971.  It sought to establish how the elements of the Akamba social life underwent a social change as a result of the mission's presence in the district. The study was guided by the question: How effective was the mission in influencing social change in the district? The structural- functionalism theory formulated by Herbert Spencer and developed further by Emile Durkheim was used to analyse the role of the African Inland Mission in influencing social change in Machakos District. The qualitative research design involving the use of in-depth interviews with key informants was used. A target population consisting of local residents, former administrators and African Inland Mission/church leaders was interviewed. The study used the purposive method of sampling. Primary data was collected using in-depth oral interviews as well as from archival records, while secondary data was obtained through a thematic review of literature related to the topic of study. This study has provided sufficient knowledge on the African Inland Mission and the social transformation in Machakos District in the colonial and the early post-colonial periods of Kenyan history. In addition, the findings have constituted part of the historiography of the African Inland Mission in Kenya.
Tourism and Commoditization of Traditional Cultures among the Himba People of Namibia
Authors: Anna Shilongo
Published: May 2021

The objective of the study was to investigate the Tourism and Commoditization of Traditional Cultures among the Himba People of Namibia. Globalization theory by Greg Richards and the use value theory by Marx was linked with this study. A mixture of methods comprising of descriptive cross-sectional survey, phenomenology and ethnographic research designs was employed to assess the effect of commoditization of traditional cultures among the Himba people through tourism. The study employed two principal data collection techniques: questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Stratified sampling and purposive sampling procedures were used. Purposive sampling was used as a non-probability sampling method in the sampling of key informants such as tour-guide, local leaders and museum employees. The study took place in two sampled villages in the Opuwo rural constituency, namely, Ohunguomure Village and Okatutura ka Vinjange, which form the major cultural tourist destinations. The sample size of this study was 98. Data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Quantitative analysis was applied to close-ended questions, and the data were analysed in terms of frequencies and percentages using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Qualitative data obtained from open-ended questions and interviews were analysed thematically. The study concludes that commoditization of culture is diluting culture and destroys the originality of the culture. The study recommends the need for this Ministry to have a component or department that specifically works towards the issue of commoditization of the Himba culture in the Kunene Region.