bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermoregulatory Comfort Properties of Sports Jersey Fabric: A Review
Authors: Ruznan Wan Syazehan
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the thermoregulatory properties of sports jersey
fabrics. This review aims to analyse the influence of material
composition, fabric structures, and design features on thermal comfort
and athletic performance. Investigation of natural and synthetic fibres,
and recent innovations in regenerated and microfibres forms the
foundation of the review. Key findings include the significant impact of
synthetic fibres, particularly polyester, nylon, and spandex, enhancing
performance through moisture-wicking properties. Knitted fabrics
outperform woven structures in flexibility and moisture transport.
Coolmax® and Tencel™ improve athlete comfort through moisturewicking properties. Thermal comfort and moisture management
improved by yarn combinations in multi-layer clothing systems. The
review emphasizes the importance of design features that combine
aesthetics and functionality, essential for enhancing athletic
performance. Although the review covers material and structural factors,
it lacks a thorough technical analysis of heat and moisture transfer
mechanisms in various fabric structures and fibre blends.
Comprehensive analysis may improve understanding of fabric
engineering strategies to enhance thermoregulatory comfort. The paper
discusses the evolution of sportswear design, multi-layer systems,
performance, and comfort, enhanced temperature regulation. The review
outlines current challenges, presenting perspectives for future
advancements in sports jersey fabrics aiming to improve
thermoregulatory performance across various environmental conditions.
Simulations of multi-stage fractionation of waste plastic pyrolytic oil in a rectification plant based on crude oil processing system
Authors: Krzywda Roman , Wrzesińska Bogumiła
Published: February 2025

The aim of the work was to investigate the possibility of advanced fractionation of plastic waste pyrolytic oil into products corresponding to classic fuels. Typically, fractionation is limited to two-stage condensation. The paper proposes a new approach by using an innovative configuration of the fractionation unit. Due to the similarity of pyrolytic and crude oil chemical composition, advanced fractionation based on crude oil processing methods has been investigated. The ChemCad package was used to model and analyse different pyrolytic oil fractionation strategies. First, the use of a classic two-column oil rectification installation for fractionation of pyrolytic oil was simulated. It was found that a classic installation is not advisable due to the different boiling temperature ranges of both feeds. However, a small addition of pyrolytic oil to crude oil feed, as 10%, does not cause a significant change in the products and is worth further research. Two simplified cases of a modified rectification installation were also proposed. The obtained products were compared to typical crude oil fractions, and regarding boiling temperature ranges and some properties, a great similarity to Naphtha, Kerosene, and Diesel was found. Fractionation in the proposed rectification unit is a promising way for pyrolytic oil processing.
Vehicle speed determination with inductive-loop technology and fast and accurate fractional time delay estimation by DFT
Authors: Duda Krzysztof , Marszalek Zbigniew
Published: February 2025

Inductive loop (IL) sensors are permanently installed in road to create output signals for the evaluation of vehicle magnetic profiles (VMPs) as vehicles pass over them. VMPs are acquired using a multi-frequency impedance measurement (MFIM) system equipped with advanced electronic, signal processing, and data management capabilities. Vehicle speed is calculated by measuring the time shift (delay, lag) between VMPs obtained from two distant IL sensors. The cross-correlation sequence (CCS) estimate is a widely accepted method for estimating time shifts that are integer multiples of the sampling period, i.e., the time resolution of the CCS is limited by the sampling period. In this paper, we present a fully operational MFIM system equipped with two wide and two slim IL sensors.We apply the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to estimate fractional time shifts, i.e. we obtain a time resolution higher than the sampling period. Field measurement signals demonstrate that the proposed application of the DFT for fractional shift estimation offers higher accuracy, lower computational complexity, and better noise immunity compared to the CCS-based estimation. For shortduration signals, the DFT-based shift estimation is unbiased, while the CCS is a biased time-shift estimator.
Functional parameters of sensors for the extended cross-float method
Authors: Brzozowski Adam , Szewczyk Roman , Gazda Piotr , Nowicki Michał
Published: February 2025

This study enables justified selection of suitable sensors for the extended cross-float method for the calibration of piston gauges. Three sensor types were tested: a triangulation laser sensor, a capacitive sensor, and a high-precision accelerometer. The extended cross-float method is employed to avoid determining the equilibrium point between interconnected manometers during piston gauge calibration, assessing the fall rate and displacement of the piston. Thus, this makes the parameters above the most relevant and crucial for the mentioned method. The performance of each sensor was evaluated under identical load-pressure conditions to ascertain the accuracy in measuring piston displacement and fall rate. The laser sensor demonstrated the highest measurement precision, while the capacitive sensor effectively smoothed data, mitigating the impact of surface irregularities. Despite its ease of use and installation, the accelerometer showed notable data noise and less accurate results than the other sensors. These findings provide a comparative analysis of sensor performance, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations in the context of high-precision pressure measurement applications.
Premedication and general anesthetic agents decrease plasma concentration of the endocannabinoid anandamide in dogs
Authors: Chua Andrew , McMichael Maureen A. , Jukier Tom , Arnold Robert D. , Hung Wan-Chu Ellan , Harris Stephanie , Zhang Chu , Bustamante Hedie Almagro
Published: February 2025

Objective

To determine the effect of premedication followed by isoflurane (ISO) versus sevoflurane (SEVO), length of general anesthesia (GA), and the amount of IV fluid administered on plasma endocannabinoid arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide; AEA) concentrations in dogs undergoing GA.

Methods

This study was an analysis of samples collected during a previously designed prospective, randomized, single-blinded experimental study involving 21 client-owned dogs undergoing GA. Samples were collected from March through October 2021. Dogs were randomized to ISO or SEVO as the inhalant anesthetic. Blood samples collected before and after GA were used to measure plasma AEA concentrations using HPLC-MS-MS. Data included signalment, length of GA (minutes), surgery performed, fluid volume administered (milliliters per kilogram), and treatment with NSAIDs or steroids. Statistical analyses included power analysis, normality testing, and adjusted linear mixed models.

Results

Plasma AEA concentrations significantly decreased after GA in both groups. Least squares mean AEA concentration decreased from 29 to 12.3 ng/mL in the ISO group and from 26.6 to 11.1 ng/mL in the SEVO group. There were no significant differences between groups or associations with anesthesia duration, fluid volume, surgery, or NSAID/steroid use.

Conclusions

Plasma AEA concentrations were significantly reduced after GA in both the ISO and SEVO groups. This reduction may be influenced by other anesthesia agents, such as dexmedetomidine, hydromorphone, and propofol.

Clinical Relevance

This study is the first to highlight a potential interaction between premedication, GA, and endocannabinoid signaling. Further research is needed to explore these findings and their implications for pain management and neuroprotection.
Pulsed field ablation in medicine: irreversible electroporation and electropermeabilization theory and applications
Authors: Jacobs Edward J , Rubinsky Boris , Davalos Rafael V
Published: February 2025

Background

Focal ablation techniques are integral in the surgical intervention of diseased tissue, where it is necessary to minimize damage to the surrounding parenchyma and critical structures. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) and high-frequency IRE (H-FIRE), colloquially called pulsed-field ablation (PFA), utilize high-amplitude, low-energy pulsed electric fields (PEFs) to nonthermally ablate soft tissue. PEFs induce cell death through permeabilization of the cellular membrane, leading to loss of homeostasis. The unique nonthermal nature of PFA allows for selective cell death while minimally affecting surrounding proteinaceous structures, permitting treatment near sensitive anatomy where thermal ablation or surgical resection is contraindicated. Further, PFA is being used to treat tissue when tumor margins are not expected after surgical resection, termed margin accentuation. This review explores both the theoretical foundations of PFA, detailing how PEFs induce cell membrane destabilization and selective tissue ablation, the outcomes following treatment, and its clinical implications across oncology and cardiology.

Conclusions

Clinical experience is still progressing, but reports have demonstrated that PFA reduces complications often seen with thermal ablation techniques. Mounting oncology data also support that PFA produces a robust immune response that may prevent local recurrences and attenuate metastatic disease. Despite promising outcomes, challenges such as optimizing field delivery and addressing variations in tissue response require further investigation. Future directions include refining PFA protocols and expanding its application to other therapeutic areas like benign tissue hyperplasia and chronic bronchitis.
THE UNCERTAINTY OF LEGAL PROTECTION FOR HOUSEMAIDS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Hariri Achmad , Sahid Mu’alimin Mochammad
Published: February 2025

Several cases of physical, psychological, and sexual violence against housemaids in Indonesia have been documented, despite the existence of laws that aim to protect them. The Law Number 13 of 2003 on the Ministry of Manpower and the Ministry Regulation Number 2 of 2015 on the Protection of Housemaids are insufficient to prevent unfair treatment of housemaids. This study investigates this issue by examining the situation of housemaids in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Using a normative-empirical research approach, this article reveals that legal protection for housemaids in Indonesia is still uncertain due to two primary factors. Firstly, the lack of clarity in the rules requires the development of special laws that specifically address the protection of housemaids. Secondly, the lack of knowledge among housemaids renders them vulnerable to being underestimated and humiliated. The urgency of legal protection for housemaids in Indonesia is underscored by the prevalence of domestic violence and unfair compensation. Therefore, a comprehensive and exhaustive legal framework is necessary to provide a sufficient access to justice mechanisms for housemaids, including legislative acts that are specifically tailored to their needs. Furthermore, rehabilitation is a vital mechanism, particularly for housemaids who have suffered from violence. This can involve providing temporary shelters, counseling, and protection from retaliation.
REVISITING JUVENILE JUSTICE: A RESTORATIVE APPROACH TO HOMICIDE ACCOUNTABILITY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Harefa Beniharmoni , Aura Islami Diajeng Dhea Annisa , Supardi Supardi
Published: February 2025

Criminal penalties can be imposed for infractions, including those committed by minors. However, the purpose of sanctions extends beyond punishment; they also aim to promote restoration. Given that children involved in homicide cannot be held to the same legal standards as adults, the law prioritizes their psychological development and growth. This article seeks to clarify the nature of criminal accountability for juvenile offenders and to explore the law enforcement process in cases of murder involving young individuals. This research utilizes a literature review methodology, drawing data from relevant publications, journals, and books. The findings suggest that adolescent homicide offenses can be effectively addressed through a restorative justice framework that prioritizes rehabilitation over retribution. A key component of restorative justice is the Family Group Conference, which involves the families of both the perpetrator and the victim in the juvenile's accountability process.
ZAKAT AND MAQASID SHARI'AH: ENSURING EFFECTIVE SUPPORT FOR THE NEEDY
Authors: Sulastri Widia , Efendi Faisal , Razak Dudung Abdul , Rahmita Rahmita , Kapitri Neneng
Published: February 2025

This article investigates the distribution of zakat from agricultural products in Nagari Punggasan, West Sumatra. It employs a normative empirical method, analyzing legal provisions through a sociological and jurisprudential lens. Empirically, the study focuses on practices observed in Nagari Punggasan. The distribution of zakat from crops is calculated based on the capital utilized from the onset of cultivation until the harvest. Once the harvest is complete and the funds have been disbursed, the zakat obligation is considered fulfilled. This distribution process involves inviting all relevant community members, including Ninik Mamak, Labai, Imams, Khatibs, widows, and affluent individuals.However, this practice raises concerns regarding its alignment with Islamic teachings, particularly Surah At-Taubah, verse 60, which outlines the rightful recipients of zakat. According to the principles of Maqasid Shari'ah, the purpose of Shari'ah is to benefit humanity, ensuring both the spiritual and physical well-being of individuals and society at large. The objectives of Maqasid Shari'ah emphasize the importance of respecting the rights of the asnaf (eligible recipients) who are entitled to receive zakat.
ANALYZING LEGAL DIMENSIONS OF PRODUCT SCANDAL IN INDONESIAN INSURANCE DISTRIBUTIONS: MIS-SELLING UNIT-LINKED CASE
Authors: Putri J Pramai Shella Arinda , Anadi Yandri Radhi
Published: February 2025

Insufficient consideration of inflation in pricing can result in insurance premiums being set too low, threatening the long-term viability of the insurance industry. This challenge became particularly evident during the notable challenges experienced by the Indonesian insurance industry between 2021 and 2022. Various issues, including poor management, product mis-selling, and the sale of unit-linked products with inaccurate information, led to insurance customers protesting against the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the bancassurance sector, which is a partnership between banks and insurance companies that allows banks to sell insurance products through their distribution networks. This study analyzes the legal dimensions of insurance agent misconduct in mis-selling insurance products and propose targeted strategies for regulatory and industry reforms led by OJK to foster a healthier and more transparent Indonesian insurance sector. This study employed a normative legal research method with a statute- and concept-based approach. The results show improper sales violate Article 75 of Indonesia’s Insurance Law (Law No. 40 of 2014). The cumulative effect of these violations can damage the insurance sector's reputation, leading consumers to view it as unreliable and predatory, which may reduce market participation as potential policyholders opt-out, ultimately undermining the financial stability and growth of the insurance market in Indonesia. In response, the OJK has introduced SEOJK No. 5/SEOJK.05/2022, which provides guidelines for implementing risk-based supervision in the insurance sector. This regulation enhance transparency and accountability, address the identified issues, and restore consumer trust in the Indonesian insurance market.
NAVIGATING IDENTITY POLITICS, DEMOCRACY, AND LEGAL CERTAINTY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Kartiko Achmad , Simon Runturambi Arthur Josias , Hanita Margaretha , Syauqillah Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Political identity has become a prominent phenomenon in Indonesia's democracy, especially since the Reformasi era, when political openness and freedom have been increasingly recognized. As a multicultural country, Indonesia faces the unique challenge of managing political identities that have the potential to foster solidarity but also risk triggering segregation and conflict. This study explores how political identity affects democracy in Indonesia and the enforcement of the rule of law, emphasizing legal certainty. In the legal context, certainty plays a critical role in maintaining social stability and ensuring equal rights for all citizens without discrimination, whether they are part of the majority or minority groups. Based on a normative approach and literature analysis, this research finds that identity politics in Indonesia often exploits religious and ethnic identities as political tools, sometimes disrupting the principles of equality, law enforcement, and democratic certainty. Legal reform is needed to strengthen human rights protections and create a fair, nondiscriminatory democratic space for all identity groups in Indonesia. It could create a void once the dominant political identity is weakened, allowing minority identities to rise, ultimately posing a new threat to democracy in Indonesia.
Treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: conventional treatment versus biologics
Authors: Şener Seher , Batu Ezgi Deniz , Başaran Özge , Balık Zeynep , Aliyev Emil , Bayındır Yağmur , Çam Veysel , Bilginer Yelda , Özen Seza
Published: February 2025

Objective. We aimed to identify and compare systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) patients receiving treatment with either glucocorticoids and/or conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) or biologic drugs.
Methods. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. sJIA patients (n=138) were categorized into two groups: Group A (n=51) consisted of individuals who received only glucocorticoids and/or csDMARDs, while Group B (n=87) included those who received at least one biologic drug.
Results. Group B patients exhibited a higher prevalence of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) (p=0.001) at presentation. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and systemic Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Scores (sJADAS) at diagnosis were significantly higher in Group B (p
Estructura del poder nacional en Latinoamérica: análisis multidimensional a través del Índice del Poder Nacional Mexicano
Authors: Gorraez Meraz Carlos
Published: February 2025

En el ámbito global, el poder nacional se entiende como la capacidad de un Estado para influir en el comportamiento de otros en pro de sus Objetivos Nacionales. Por ello, conocerlo es de trascendencia práctica para la toma de decisiones estratégicas. Sin embargo, en América Latina existe una deficiencia en su estudio, instrumentación y aplicación. Este artículo aborda este vacío y analiza el poder nacional desde una perspectiva holística dentro de un contexto latinoamericano realista y de interdependencia compleja actual. Se presenta la estructura y distribución regional del poder a través de la construcción y aplicación del denominado Índice del Poder Nacional Mexicano (IPNM), una herramienta multidimensional que permite medir, evaluar y comparar a los países de la región de acuerdo con seis campos del poder interrelacionados.
Migración ilegal en Estados Unidos: retos y realidades actuales
Authors: Torres Contreras Edilberto
Published: February 2025

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la inmigración ilegal en Estados Unidos y su impacto social, económico y de seguridad en dicho país. Mediante el método descriptivo, se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa que incluyó una revisión documental sobre las políticas migratorias y sus efectos sociales, económicos y políticos en la sociedad estadounidense. Los resultados indican que la inmigración ilegal ejerce presión sobre los servicios de salud, educación y seguridad, generando tensiones en la infraestructura social, aunque también contribuye al crecimiento económico al ocupar empleos que los estadounidenses suelen rechazar. Se concluye que es crucial implementar una reforma integral de la ley migratoria que modernice el control fronterizo y promueva vías legales para la inmigración, abordando problemas como la pobreza y la violencia en los países de origen. Esta reforma podría equilibrar la seguridad con el reconocimiento de las valiosas contribuciones de los inmigrantes a la sociedad estadounidense.
Sentiment Analysis and Topic Modeling of Tourist Reviews on Bali Island Attractions on Tripadvisor Using Lexicon-Based Method and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)
Authors: Aulia Muhammad Azka , Solihah Binti , Zuhdi Ahmad
Published: February 2025

One sought-after type of information by internet users is related to tourist destinations. Hence, the need for information retrieval about a particular tourist spot they plan to visit. This study aims to analyze sentiments and identify the topics in the visitor reviews of Bali Island tourist attractions on TripAdvisor using Lexicon-based and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) methods. The data used for analysis consists of reviews from various tourist destinations on the island of Bali. For sentiment analysis, the author employs a Lexicon-based approach, focusing on both positive and negative sentiments. To identify the topics in the reviews, the author employs the LDA method to uncover the most frequently discussed topics. From 15,827 dataset, It is found that 87,6% of the responses are positive, 7.9% are negative, and the remaining 4.4% are neutral. As for the topic modeling results, the study identifies four main topics with the best coherence values based on the validation of topics with topic coherence. These four topics are: the first topic discusses experiences in Safari or Safari Park in Bali, the second topic talks about experiences in tourism in Kintamani, Bali, the third topic focuses on experiences in tourism in Nusa Penida, Bali, and the last topic discusses experiences in Scuba Diving activities
Brain Tumor Detection System Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Febrianto Nanang Dwi , Mardianto Is , Rochman Abdul , Najih Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Early detection of brain tumours is essential to improve the effectiveness of treatment. This study develops a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to detect brain tumours from MRI images. Using a dataset of 4410 images, the model was trained and tested with several CNN architectures, such as EfficientNetB0, InceptionNetV3, ResNet, MobileNet, VGG16, Model 1. Results showed that the best model achieved 97.8% accuracy, thus being able to predict brain tumours with a high degree of reliability. These findings support the application of CNNs in medical detection systems to assist doctors in faster and more accurate diagnosis.
Penerapan Object Detection Menggunakan Deep Learning Yolov8 Untuk Mengidentifikasi Sampah Anorganik (Maksimal Sepuluh Objek) Dalam Satu Citra
Authors: Visen  , Charibaldi Novrido
Published: February 2025

Masalah sampah di Indonesia masih menjadi momok yang belum teratasi, terutama karena tingginya pertumbuhan penduduk. Sampah anorganik menjadi perhatian utama karena sulit terurai dan mencemari lingkungan untuk waktu yang lama. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sistem pendeteksi otomatis berbagai jenis sampah anorganik dalam berbagai kondisi, guna mengurangi dampak pencemaran dan memfasilitasi proses daur ulang yang lebih efisien. Penelitian ini menggunakan kecerdasan buatan (deep learning) dengan model YOLOv8 nano untuk mengenali beberapa jenis sampah anorganik. Data yang dipakai berasal dari kamera gawai dan gabungan dataset Kaggle, totalnya ada 2459 data untuk lima jenis sampah. Pembagian datanya 1967 untuk pelatihan, 246 untuk validasi, dan 246 untuk pengujian. Pengujian dilakukan pada gambar yang berisi 1 hingga 12 objek sampah dalam kondisi yang berbeda-beda. Hasilnya menunjukkan akurasi model yang tinggi, dengan nilai mAP50 mencapai 87.1% dan mAP50-95 sebesar 72.1%. Nilai presisi mencapai 86.2% dan recall mencapai 79.1% pada iterasi ke-50, menunjukkan kinerja model yang baik. Model ini juga handal dalam mendeteksi hingga sepuluh objek sampah dalam satu gambar. Namun, kemampuan deteksi menurun ketika objek sampah melebihi sepuluh. Artinya, model masih bisa mengenali objek meski jumlahnya banyak, tetapi akurasi klasifikasinya menurun.
 
Abstract
The waste problem in Indonesia remains a persistent issue, especially due to the high population growth. Inorganic waste is a major concern because it is difficult to decompose and contaminates the environment for a long time. Therefore, an automatic detection system for various types of inorganic waste in different conditions is needed to reduce the impact of pollution and facilitate more efficient recycling processes. This study uses artificial intelligence (deep learning) with the YOLOv8 nano model to recognize several types of inorganic waste. The data used comes from mobile phone cameras and a combination of Kaggle datasets, totaling 2,459 data points for five types of waste. The data is divided into 1,967 for training, 246 for validation, and 246 for testing. The testing was conducted on images containing 1 to 12 waste objects in various conditions. The results show a high model accuracy, with an mAP50 value of 87.1% and mAP50-95 of 72.1%. The precision value reaches 86.2%, and the recall reaches 79.1% at the 50th iteration, indicating good model performance. This model is also reliable in detecting up to ten waste objects in a single image. However, the detection ability decreases when the number of waste objects exceeds ten. This means that the model can still recognize objects even when there are many, but its classification accuracy decreases.
Sistem Monitoring Budidaya Melon Melalui Greenhouse Berbasis Internet Of Things
Authors: Apriyani Meyti Eka , Ismail Ade , Widya Andini Amelia
Published: February 2025

Pertanian melon merupakan usaha yang menjanjikan namun rentan terhadap perubahan cuaca dan tantangan pengelolaan, seperti kebutuhan air yang tinggi serta risiko serangan hama dan penyakit. Penggunaan greenhouse dapat membantu petani memanipulasi kondisi lingkungan guna mengurangi risiko penyakit yang disebabkan oleh perubahan cuaca. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem pintar pada greenhouse untuk memantau dan mengontrol perawatan tanaman melon secara efektif dan efisien. Sistem ini memanfaatkan alat seperti pompa air dan lampu, yang dioperasikan berdasarkan data sensor yang diperbarui setiap 10 detik, dengan keputusan pengambilan tindakan dilakukan setiap 1 menit. Keputusan sistem tidak hanya bergantung pada data sensor, tetapi juga mempertimbangkan faktor waktu, karena tanaman tidak selalu membutuhkan penyiraman atau pencahayaan setiap saat. Sensor kelembapan tanah kapasitif ditempatkan pada polibag tanaman di tengah barisan untuk pemantauan yang akurat. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem otomatis menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan berat buah melon yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan sistem manual, dengan rata-rata berat melon 2,1 kg pada sistem otomatis, sementara pada sistem manual hanya 1,6 kg. Penerapan Smart Greenhouse ini terbukti mengurangi biaya perawatan dan meningkatkan produksi, menawarkan solusi efektif dalam pertanian modern.
 
Abstract
Melon farming is a promising business but is vulnerable to weather changes and management challenges, such as high water requirements and the risk of pests and diseases. The use of greenhouses can help farmers manipulate environmental conditions to reduce the risk of diseases caused by weather changes. This study aims to develop a smart system in a greenhouse to monitor and control melon plant care effectively and efficiently. This system utilizes tools such as water pumps and lights, which are operated based on sensor data that is updated every 10 seconds, with decisions to take action every 1 minute. System decisions do not only depend on sensor data, but also consider time factors, because plants do not always need watering or lighting at all times. Capacitive soil moisture sensors are placed on plant polybags in the middle of the rows for accurate monitoring. The test results showed that the automatic system produced better melon growth and fruit weight compared to the manual system, with an average melon weight of 2.1 kg in the automatic system, while in the manual system it was only 1.6 kg. The implementation of Smart Greenhouse has been proven to reduce maintenance costs and increase production, offering an effective solution in modern agriculture.
THE USE OF BACTERIAL CELLS AS A PORE-FORMING AGENT FOR THE CREATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL MATERIALS BASED ON SILANE PRECURSORS AND OCTENIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE
Authors:   Tula State University, Lantsova E.A.
Published: February 2025

One of the world’s problems is the increase in bacterial resistance. A promising control strategy is the use of materials
with a released antibacterial substance. Materials were formed using Paracoccus yeei BKM B-3302 cells to create pores, tetraethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane in a 50/50 ratio were used to form the matrix, and octenidine dihydrochloride was used as
an antibacterial agent.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a child (observational data for six years): A clinical case
Authors: Chulkov V. S. , Medvedeva L. V. , Minina E. E. , Fastakovskaya E. V.
Published: February 2025

Background. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis refers to a rare interstitial lung disease that requires differential diagnosis with a large spectrum of nosologies. However, the prevalence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in the population remains unclear, partly due to low awareness among healthcare professionals of various specialties regarding this condition, as well as diagnostic challenges. Many authors emphasize the necessity of a detailed analysis of professional and environmental factors affecting the patient as one of the crucial steps in diagnosing hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The prognosis for hypersensitivity pneumonitis in children is more favorable than in adults, with complete clinical and functional recovery possible in most cases if the causative antigen is eliminated.

Case description. The paper presents data from a six-year observation of a 9-year-old girl. Within six months prior to her consultation, she developed respiratory complaints (shortness of breath, respiratory distress, fits of dry coughing), poor tolerance to physical exertion, and chronic weakness. She was monitored and treated for bronchial asthma by a pulmonologist without significant clinical improvement. Subsequently, specialists at a regional center conducted extensive work on differential diagnosis and verification of the disease through meticulous collection of anamnesis and clinical data and the use of modern laboratory and instrumental resources. Effective treatment was selected, and recommendations were given in order to correct influencing factors (change of residence and living conditions). A clear improvement in clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data was demonstrated over the observation period, with significant effects achieved within a year from the start of therapy. Improvements were noted in both volume and flow parameters on spirometry, with no restrictive disorders observed; the most indicative changes were revealed in the dynamics of high-resolution computed tomography.

Conclusion. The presented clinical case demonstrates the necessity of paying special attention to thorough history-taking and identifying potential causal factors. A distinctive feature of the disease consists in reversible symptoms, sustained remission, and a favorable prognosis under conditions of timely diagnosis, treatment, and removal of the causal factor.
Direct Synthesis of Amorphous Metal–Organic Frameworks from Nanoclusters
Authors: Baun Nanna Lærke , Mortensen Sabina Svava , Bordallo Heloisa , Jensen Kirsten , Sapnik Adam
Published: February 2025

The direct synthesis of amorphous metal–organic frameworks (aMOFs) is an appealing yet often avoided approach due to the perceived unpredictability of amorphous network formation. In this study, we develop a strategy for aMOF synthesis using pre-formed nanoclusters and rigid organic linkers, providing enhanced control over disorder and defect chemistry while bypassing the traditional ‘crystallise–amorphise’ approach. By systematically comparing this nanocluster-based method to other direct synthesis routes and using X-ray pair distribution function, thermogravimetric and statistical analyses, we establish key design principles governing aMOF formation. We demonstrate that kinetic control—fast reactions under basic conditions at room temperature—suppresses crystallisation and drives amorphous network formation. Using nanoclusters as synthetic precursors consistently yields highly disordered frameworks with the shortest coherence lengths among direct synthesis methods. Additionally, we show that tuning metal composition through doping with kinetically inert cations restricts coordination reversibility, significantly increasing defect density and structural disorder. Structural analysis reveals that while aMOFs share motifs with crystalline polymorphs, they cannot be directly mapped onto known structures, highlighting the importance for more nuanced characterisation approaches. Just as crystal engineering was instrumental in the expansion of crystalline MOFs, new synthetic strategies are essential for advancing the aMOF field. By developing a systematic approach to aMOF design, this work provides a foundation for tailoring structural disorder and functional properties, expanding the potential of aMOFs for catalysis, adsorption, and transport applications.
Decoding the Structure-Activity Relationship of the Dopamine D3 Receptor-Selective Ligands Using Machine and Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: Won Sung Joon , Visayas Benjoe Rey , Lee Kuo Hao , Capangpangan Rey , Shi Lei
Published: February 2025

Dysfunctions of the dopamine D2 and D3 receptors (D2 and D3) are implicated in neuropsychiatric conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. However, their high homology presents significant challenges in developing subtype-selective ligands, crucial for elucidating receptor-specific functions and developing targeted therapeutics. In this study, we constructed machine and deep learning-based quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to predict compounds’ binding affinity at the D2 and D3, as well as their selectivity for D3. High-quality training data were queried from the ChEMBL database, followed by a systematic filtration and curation process to ensure data reliability. Using eXtreme Gradient Boosting, random forest, and deep neural network (DNN) algorithms, we developed QSAR models with strong predictive performance, with DNN-based models slightly but consistently outperforming the tree-based models. A novel hyperparameter optimization protocol was developed to enhance the efficiency of building DNN-based models, and integrating predictions from all algorithms into a consensus approach further improved accuracy and robustness. Notably, our selectivity models outperformed the affinity models, likely due to noise cancellation achieved by subtracting the binding affinities of the two receptors. The Shapley additive explanations analysis revealed key pharmacophoric and physicochemical features critical for receptor affinity and selectivity, while molecular docking of representative D3-selective compounds highlighted the structural basis of D3 selectivity. These findings provide a robust framework for modeling ligand-receptor interactions and advancing the rational design of selective therapeutics for D2 and D3.
Complex-variable equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles theory with the resolution-of-the-identity approximation
Authors: Camps Simen , Utku Cansu , Creutzberg Joel , Jagau Thomas-C.
Published: February 2025

We present an implementation of complex-variable equation-of-motion coupled- cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) theory with the resolution-of-the-identity (RI) approximation. Complex-variable methods are used in the framework of non- Hermitian quantum chemistry to treat electronic resonances. As test cases, we study differenttypesofresonancesofN2 andCO, namelytemporaryanions, Starkresonances, autoionizing Rydberg states and core-ionized states that decay by the Auger-Meitner effect. Temporary anions are treated with the complex basis function (CBF) method and different variants of the complex absorbing potential (CAP) method. The other resonances are only treated with CBFs. The memory requirements of our implementa- tion are significantly lower than those of canonical EOM-CCSD. We demonstrate that the RI error is smaller than the basis set error for all types of resonances. However, when the size of the decay width approaches the magnitude of the RI error, the width is predicted qualitatively wrong with the RI approximation. In addition, when an ad- equate auxiliary basis set is not available, i.e., for autoionizing Rydberg states and for core-ionized states, the RI error in the total decay width increases by a factor 10.
Tailoring The C-BARQ To Shelter Dogs: Identification Of Five Reliable Factors
Authors: Gilchrist Rachel J. , Gardner Molly J. , Manapat Patrick D. , Gunter Lisa M. , Feuerbacher Erica N. , Edwards Michael C. , Wynne Clive D. L.
Published: February 2025

Despite the multitude of studies on dog behavior using the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ), little is known about its utility in a shelter population. This study aimed to identify and validate a subset of items adapted from the C-BARQ to assess behavior in sheltered dog populations. All questionnaires were administered while the dogs were still in the shelter and were completed by shelter staff, volunteers, or members of the research team who had the most frequent interactions with the study dogs. Analysis included 445 questionnaire responses, one per dog, from 11 shelters. Exploratory (n = 222) and confirmatory (n = 223) factor analyses revealed a five-factor structure (Fear, Arousal, Human Excitability, Dog Aggression, and Human Aggression) comprising 24 items henceforth referred to as the Shelter C-BARQ. These factors exhibited above-threshold internal consistency reliability (M = .78) and meaningful inter-factor correlations, affirming their suitability for assessing the behavior of sheltered dogs. Furthermore, item response theory analysis underscored the reliability and validity of these items in measuring the underlying constructs. These findings can be particularly valuable for shelters facing resource constraints, offering both efficiency and validated data collection methods to collect behavioral information.
There Is No Institutional Duty to Vote
Authors: Brennan Jason , Freiman Christopher
Published: February 2025

Arguments for a duty to vote face the particularity problem—that is, they must show that voting in particular is the only way for citizens to achieve the relevant moral goal (e.g., promote the common good or avoid complicity in injustice), such that the goal cannot be achieved by activities other than voting. Kevin Elliott attempts to overcome the particularity problem by defending a universal duty to vote on the grounds that universal voter turnout is needed to ensure that democratic institutions function properly. We argue that Elliott’s attempt is unsuccessful. It is unable to explain why citizens may not promote turnout without voting; moreover, it does not establish that democratic institutions are morally special, such that citizens are obligated to contribute to them but not to other valuable institutions.
Strategic guidelines to ensure competitiveness of enterprises in terms of digitalization
Authors: Safonik N.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the definition of strategic guidelines for ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises in the context of digitalization. Special attention is paid to the key characteristics of enterprise competitiveness. The features of the influence of digital trends on the competitiveness of enterprises are analyzed. The factors that affect the competitiveness of enterprises in the context of digitalization are characterized. It is determined that internal factors, such as investment in technology and qualification of personnel, are the basis for adaptation to digital changes, while external factors, in particular competition and technological innovations, determine the opportunities for growth and development in the global market. It is substantiated that the analysis of competitiveness of an enterprise should be aimed at assessing its level in the context of competition, identifying factors and reasons determining success or failure, as well as determining the main competitors and conditions prevailing in the industry. SPACE-analysis of the activities of Intertop Ukraine LLC was conducted, which showed that the company is in a competitive strategic state, which is typical for an attractive industry with development prospects. Some aspects of formation of the strategy of increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in the context of digitalization are characterized, in particular, strategic guidelines and stages of formation of the strategy of increasing the competitiveness of enterprise are defined. It has been substantiated that the effective use of digital technologies in combination with innovative approaches to management, flexibility of strategies and sustainable development will allow enterprises not only to maintain their competitive positions, but also to achieve sustainable success in the conditions of the modern economy, accordingly, digitalization acts not only as a tool, but also as a strategic vector of transformation, capable of radically changing approaches to ensuring competitiveness. It is determined that ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises in the context of digitalization is a process of continuous improvement based on innovation, effective management of resources and value creation for customers, and the synergistic integration of these elements will allow enterprises to ensure sustainable development, maintain competitive positions in the market and adapt to the conditions of a dynamic economic environment.
Breaking stereotypes, building inclusion: blind hiring strategies as catalysts for a diverse and discrimination-free workplace
Authors: Vivek R. , Krupskyi O.
Published: February 2025

This article explores blind hiring strategies as an effective tool for enhancing diversity and inclusion in modern workplaces. It delves into the conceptual foundations, practical implementations, and real-world case studies that reveal the potential of blind hiring in mitigating unconscious biases. The key findings highlight the benefits of this approach, such as increased fairness, improved organizational reputation, and overall success. Simultaneously, the challenges associated with implementing this strategy are analyzed, and actionable steps to overcome them are proposed. The research demonstrates that blind hiring can serve as a cornerstone in building diverse and inclusive cultures in contemporary organizations. The article underscores the need for a holistic perspective that transcends recruitment to include overall organizational practices and culture. Best practices for blind hiring, coupled with successful application examples, provide a roadmap for organizations aspiring to leverage the benefits of a diverse and inclusive workforce. The importance of continuous evaluation and feedback on the blind hiring process to ensure alignment with diversity and inclusion goals is emphasized. Additionally, the study advocates for raising awareness among recruiters, hiring managers, and stakeholders to foster an inclusive mindset throughout the organization, creating an ideal environment for blind hiring to thrive. Given the increasingly interconnected and diverse global workforce, fair hiring practices are more critical than ever. Blind hiring is positioned as a robust mechanism to achieve these objectives, leading to a more innovative workforce, greater employee satisfaction, and enhanced corporate reputation. Hence, blind hiring represents a significant step towards redressing historical inequities and advancing organizations into a future of equality, diversity, and inclusion. This ensures alignment with organizational goals and fosters long-term success in modern competitive environments.
The historical and projected prevalence of dysphagia in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Gunby Philip , McSkimming Josh , Huckabee Maggie-Lee
Published: February 2025

aim: To estimate the current prevalence of dysphagia in the Aotearoa New Zealand population and to project its prevalence to 2073.
methods: The current prevalence of dysphagia in Aotearoa New Zealand is computed from the prevalences of the aetiologies of
dysphagia combined with the rates at which the aetiologies result in dysphagia. Projected dysphagia rates use autoregressive
integrated moving average forecasting techniques combined with population projections from Statistics New Zealand and estimates
of current and past prevalence rates of dysphagia.
results: The prevalence of dysphagia in Aotearoa New Zealand is estimated to have been approximately 1.78% in 2020, with the
biggest aetiological contributors being stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. These
three causes made up 81.5% of all estimated dysphagia cases in 2019. The prevalence rate of dysphagia in Aotearoa New Zealand is
projected to rise to 2.54%, reflecting the ageing population.
conclusion: An increased prevalence of dysphagia will result in an increased healthcare burden, both from resources spent on
treating dysphagia and complications stemming from undiagnosed and thus untreated dysphagia. Estimating the full extent of this
increased burden is hampered by the absence of systematic, extensive and reliable records available relating to cases of dysphagia in
Aotearoa New Zealand.
Disparities in patient mortality following intensive care admission due to adult community-acquired sepsis in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2009–2019
Authors: McTavish Sharla , Hyun Min Kim Alice , Kvalsvig Amanda , Atkinson June , McArthur Colin , Baker Michael
Published: February 2025

aim: To characterise patient mortality risk following intensive care unit (ICU) admitted community-acquired sepsis (CAS) in Aotearoa
New Zealand (Aotearoa), comparing in-hospital and post-discharge mortality and associated risk factors.
methods: We examined de-identified, linked ICU-admitted adult patient data from ICU sites in Aotearoa retrieved from the Australian
and New Zealand Intensive Care Society’s CORE adult patient database (ANZICS-CORE-APD) between 2009 and 2019. Patients were
followed from ICU admission to death or 365 days post-hospital discharge alive, using descriptive, survival and regression analyses.
The outcomes of interest were in-hospital mortality and post-discharge mortality during the first 365 days.
results: In-hospital mortality was 16.3%. Post-discharge mortality was 3.6% by 30 days after discharge, 9.1% by 180 days and 12.9%
by 365 days. There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality risk by ethnicity or New Zealand Index of Deprivation quintile
of usual residence. By contrast, significant differences in post-discharge survival were observed by ethnicity, area deprivation quintile
and presence of severe comorbidities, particularly for Māori usually resident in high-deprivation areas.
conclusions: There was no evidence of associations between in-hospital mortality and ethnicity or socio-economic deprivation;
however, these associations become marked post-discharge. Interventions should be implemented to support early identification and
management of CAS and address health inequities following hospital discharge.