bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macro- and micro-morphological differentiation of humus-accumulative horizon of forest soils
Authors: Yakovenko V. M.
Published: February 2020

The paper presents the results of studies of macro- and micromorphological differentiation of the surface humus-accumulative horizon (A) of forest soils of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The study groups included typical soil profiles of natural ravine, wall (slope of the river bank) and floodplain forests, and chernozem under grassy and artificial tree vegetation within Prisamarya Dniprovsky (Novomoskovsk district, Dnipropetrovsk region). In the macromorphological study, the method of field description of soils recommended by FAO (2012) was used, the characteristics of microstructural soil organization were described in G. Stoops (2003). The differentiation of the surface humus-accumulation horizon (A) of the investigated soils is diagnosed after changes in a number of macro- and micromorphological characteristics of the structural state-morphology and aggregate size, total porosity, void morphology, and addition density. The analysis of morphological characteristics reveals both communities the features of differentiation of the humus-accumulative horizon, and certain differences between the soils of natural forests and Calcic Chernozem. The surface humus-accumulative horizon of Calcic Chernozem, both under grassy and under artificial tree vegetation, is differentiated into two sub-horizons A1 and A2. In the Voronic Luvic Chernozem of natural ravine, Luvic Phaeozem of the pristine (slope of the river bank) forests and Mollic Fluvisol of floodplain forests, the surface horizon is differentiated into three sub-horizons – A1, A2, A3. At the macromorphological level, of the surface humus-accumulative horizon there are synchronous changes in the main characteristics of the structural state - the set and the dominant types of structure, the prevailing dimensions of aggregates within the framework of one type of structure, the total porosity, the diversity of the morphology of the voids, the relative participation of individual types of voids in the formation of pore space, density shape. At the micromorphological level, differentiation is diagnosed on the basis of changes: a set and the relative ratio of different types of microstructure; the ratio of the dominant types of voids and the total area of apparent porosity; morphology of aggregates (shape, size, degree of accomodation of surfaces, intra-aggregate porosity) within a single type of microstructure. The more complex differentiation of the surface humus-accumulative horizon of forest soils in comparison with Calcic Chernozem is due to the greater thickness of the horizon, which causes a significant compaction in the lower direction within the surface horizon and more intensive biological activity (especially soil meso- and microfauna).
Вплив роздільної здатності цифрових моделей рельєфу на якість предикативної симуляції ґрунтового покриву
Authors: Cherlіnka V. R.
Published: February 2020

Основною метою математичного експерименту було дослідження впливу роздільної здатності ЦМР на якісні характеристики симулятивних ґрунтових карт, які отримуються шляхом моделювання при використанні типового набору матеріалів, які можуть бути потенційно доступними пересічному ґрунтознавцю чи науковцю в сучасних українських реаліях. При цьому показано, що морфометричні параметри рельєфу та його деривати є надійним базисом предикативного моделювання просторового поширення ґрунтових відмін з достатньо високою точністю, а представлена методика має значну перспективу в науково-виробничих задачах. На основі кореляційного аналізу була здійснена оцінка тісноти зв’язку та ролі згаданих параметрів у мінливості ґрунтового покриву, що з залученням аналізу головних компонент дозволило обрати 9 базових предикторів моделі: абсолютні висоти, топографічний індекс вологості, кількість сонячної радіації на одиницю площі, крутизну схилів, поздовжню та максимальну кривизну топографічної поверхні, акумуляцію, довжину та відстань до водних потоків. Зроблено розширену оцінку якості симулятивних ґрунтових карт при різних значеннях роздільної здатності ЦМР. Встановлено відмінності у якості прогнозних ґрунтових карт при використанні 14 основних типів предикативних алгоритмів та рекомендовано найбільш придатні для такого роду задач моделі, зокрема Decіsіon Trees, Random Forests, та виокремлено деякі з них, які потенційно можуть показувати високі результати, зокрема Bugget Trees, K-Nearest Neіghbors, Support Vector Machіnes та Neural Networks.
Soil salinization processes in small-lake Ballestera wetland ecosystem (La Lantejuela, Seville, Spain)
Authors: Diaz del Olmo F. , Recio Espejo J. M. , Borja Barrera C. , Cámara Artiga R.
Published: February 2020

Salinization processes in soils with thermo-mediterranean-semiarid conditions within a confined environment (basin closed) are studied in Natural Reserve Ballestera small-lake ecosystems (Seville, Spain). Methodologically it is carried out a geopedological catena integrated by five drilling-profiles with depths between 0.20 and 1.50 m. A total of 21 pedo-sedimentary samples have been characterized through pH, electric conductivity, carbonates contents, magnetic susceptibility and texture determinations. The results show the presence of two different phases in the geopedological evolution of the ecosystem: one of them is previous to the geomorphological constitution of the existing wetland, characterized by carbonates and salts lateral lixiviation processes (vertisolization-tirsification processes determinant of a special black color in the soil), and the second one, later and current, distinguishing processes of salt accumulation (saline brines) and surface crust formations (saltcrete) of halite and gypsum with high value of electric conductivity (salinization and hydromorphic processes).
Dakwah Melalui Hipnoterapi di Kalangan Pecandu Rokok Anak-Anak Yatim Kompleks Kebajikan Laila Taib
Authors: Fathurahman Affendi Mohammad
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine the changes that occur in teenage orphaned cigarette addicts in the Laila Taib Virtue Complex, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. The study used a qualitative approach with hypnotherapy methods that serve as a way to cure smoking addiction. This method is used to stop the smoking habit among orphans at the Malaysian Laila Taib Sarawak Foundation. The results showed that Da'wah through the hypnotherapy method with a group counseling approach among orphans affected the change in smoking habits. This is shown from the evaluation of the final results, some of the orphans who smoke at the Laila Taib Benevolence Complex and who follow the hypnotherapy process through group counseling, can stop smoking.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan yang terjadi pada pecandu rokok remaja yatim di Kompleks Kebajikan Laila Taib, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode hipnoterapi yang dijadikan sebagai cara penyembuhan kecanduan merokok. Metode ini digunakan untuk menghentikan kebiasaan merokok di kalangan remaja yatim pada yayasan Kebajikan Laila Taib Serawak Malaysia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Dakwah melalui metode hipnoterapi dengan pendekatan konseling kelompok di kalangan anak-anak yatim berdampak terhadap perubahan kebiasaan merokok. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari  evaluasi hasil akhir, sebagian anak-anak yatim yang merokok di Kompleks Kebajikan Laila Taib dan yang mengikuti proses hipnoterapi melalui konseling kelompok, dapat berhenti dari kebiasaan merokok.
Bimbingan Konseling Islam untuk Mengatasi Depresi di Hospital Bintulu Malaysia
Authors: Abu Bakar Ahmad Samerin Bin
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine the methods and techniques in Islamic counseling guidance services to overcome depression in the early adult phase, find out the material and media that are used in Islamic counseling guidance services to overcome depression in the early adult phase, find out the results achieved from Islamic counseling guidance services to overcome depression Early adult phase at Bintulu Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and literature study. The results showed that the methods and techniques used in this counseling guidance service were to provide direct guidance individually with personal conversation techniques such as dialogue sessions between two parties about patient psychology issues. The material in Islamic counseling guidance services provided to patients to overcome depression. Islamic Counseling Guidance Services provide positive changes in patients at Bintulu Hospital. Counseling guidance services will be more effective when done with an individual approach and know the client's background.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode dan teknik dalam layanan bimbingan konseling Islami untuk mengatasi depresi fase dewasa awal, materi dan media yag digunakan dalam layanan bimbingan konseling Islami untuk mengatasi depresi  fase dewasa awal, mengetahui hasil yang dicapai dari layanan bimbingan konseling untuk mengatasi depresi  fase dewasa awal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, metode dan teknik yang digunakan dalam layanan bimbingan konseling  ini adalah dengan memberikan bimbingan langsung secara individual dengan teknik percakapan pribadi seperti sesi dialog antar dua pihak tentang permasalahan psikologi pasien. Memberikan materi dalam layanan bimbingan konseling Islam yang diberikan kepada pasien untuk mengatasi depresi. Layanan Bimbingan Konseling Islam memberikan hasil perubahan positif pada diri para pasien. Layanan bimbingan konseling lebih efektif dialkukan dengan pendekatan individuan dan mengetahui latar belakang pasien.
Expression of Toll-like receptors in emotiogenic structures of rat brain is changed under longterm alcohol consumption and ethanol withdrawal
Authors: Airapetov M. I. , Eresko S. O. , Bychkov E. R. , Lebedev A. A. , Shabanov P. D.
Published: February 2020

Recent studies have provided strong evidence that long-term ethanol consumption leads to activation the mechanisms of neuroimmune signaling. Recently, much attention has been focused on the study of toll-like receptors (Toll-like receptors, TLRs), which play one of the key roles in the mechanisms of activation of the innate immune system in brain structures subsequently ethanol consumption. It is known that the activation of TLRs leads to the release of many proinflammatory cytokines with the resulting neuroinflammatory process. There are suggestions that TLRs may also be involved in the modulation of neurotransmitter systems of the brain, thereby contributing to the formation of pathological dependence on ethanol. The goal of our work was to study the level of expression the genes of TLRs (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7) and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1β, CCL2) in the rat brain (amygdala, hippocampus, medial entorhinal cortex, striatum) under conditions of prolonged alcoholization and on different periods of alcohol withdrawal, which was previously not studied by researchers. Prolonged alcoholization of rats with ethanol did not lead to changes in levels mRNA of TLRs in the studied structures of the rat brain, with the exception of a small increase in the level of TLR3 mRNA in the hippocampus of prolonged alcoholized rats and a slight increase in the level of TLR3 mRNA in mEC. However, gene expression of TLRs undergoes changes in all the structures of the rat brain studied by us at different periods of alcohol withdrawal. The increased level of expression of both TLRs and proinflammatory genes in the period of alcohol withdrawal in the rat brain hippocampus deserves special attention, which indicates the presence of a persistent neuroinflammatory process in this brain structure in the period of alcohol withdrawal, which is probably supported with the participation of TLR-dependent signaling. The study of the mechanisms of inflammatory process activation by TLR-dependent signaling in different brain structures can open new targets for drug exposure. Such drugs can be used in the treatment of alcoholism.
Sex differences of subpopulation composition of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood in experimental acute and chronic ulcerative colitis
Authors: Makarova O. V. , Postovalova E. A. , Gao Yu. , Dobrynina M. T.
Published: February 2020

We studied sex differences lymphocytes subpopulations of peripheral blood in adult C57Bl/6 mice during acute and chronic colitis, induced with 1% DSS. We measured subpopulations of lymphocytes with flow cytometry. We showed that in the control group the female mice had statistically significantly higher values of the relative number of regulatory and cytotoxic T lymphocytes comparing to the males. During acute colitis the females showed an increase in the relative number of Thelpers and a decrease of cytotoxic Tlymphocytes, which reflects the activation of immune response. The males had a decrease in the absolute number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and cytotoxic and regulatory T lymphocytes, probably because of an increase in migration of these cells to the inflammation locus and local lymph nodes. In chronic colitis the females had a decrease in the absolute number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, T helpers, cytotoxic T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes when comparing with acute colitis. During chronic colitis the males had a decrease in the absolute number of T helpers and B lymphocytes but an increase of regulatory T cells in comparison with the control group; in comparison with acute colitis the males with chronic colitis had higher relative and absolute number of regulatory T cells. The increase of T regulatory lymphocytes is due to an increase in their proliferation rate in the thymus and increase of their migration to the inflammatory locus – the colon. Future clinical studies may be based on these results, which show that the treatment of colitis, especially with immunotropic agents, must take sex differences into account.
Current understanding of Bacillus anthracis toxin molecules organization and approaches for blocking their cytotoxic action
Authors: Firstova V. V. , Shemyakin I. G. , Dyatlov I. A.
Published: February 2020

Here, we review the data on mechanisms inhibiting cytotoxic effect of anthrax toxin on the immune system cells. Various disease forms, immunopathogenesis and contemporary methods for anthrax treatment are discussed. In addition, an anthrax toxin was outlined, whereas structural and functional organization of the protective antigen, lethal and edema factors was detailed. A mechanism for association of a protective antigen and lethal factor, protective antigen and edema factor leading to formation of a lethal toxin and edema toxin, respectively, was described. Participation of protective antigen domains in the process of interaction with surface receptors of imunocompetent cells as well as features of binding a protective antigen with lethal factor and edema factor are discussed. A mechanism of endosomal toxin complex internalization and subsequent transfer of effector molecules to the cytosol are described. Effects of the lethal factor and the edema factor on components of eukaryotic cells as well as cytotoxicity mechanisms are analyzed. The approaches to block anthrax toxin action at various stages of toxicoemia have been analyzed based on previously uncovered sequential signs of cytotoxic activity for Bacillus anthracis toxins. Currently available chimeric and humanized monoclonal antibodies are capable of neutralizing B. anthracis toxins at diverse assembly stages, particularly considering the drugs inhibiting: inter-receptor interaction between protective antigen with eukaryotic cells; furin-like enzymes activating prepore assembly; protective antigen oligomerization; binding of the lethal factor or edema factor to the protective antigen; translocation of the lethal factor or the edema factor into cell cytosol; transport of protective antigen with lethal factor or edema factor from endosomes; enzymatic activity of lethal factor or edematous factor. The anti-toxin agents approved for anthrax prevention and treatment in Russia and worldwide are discussed. The limitations of anti-toxin agents and perspectives for their improvement are also described including inhibition of lethal factor activity, interference with integration of toxin components, blockade of interactions between toxic complexes and immune cell receptors.
Diagnostic significance of intrathecally synthesized immunoglobulins against neurotropic viruses (MRZ-reaction) in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Moshnikova A. N. , Maksimchuk V. K. , Lapin S. V. , Nazarov V. D. , Surkova E. A. , Novikov S. A. , Makshakov G. S. , Krutetskaya I. Yu. , Krasnov V. S. , Kushnir Ya. B. , Neofidov N. A. , Totolian N. A. , Skoromets A. A. , Evdoshenko E. P. , Totolian Areg A.
Published: February 2020

Multiple sclerosis is chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with autoimmune inflammation and accretive neurodegeneration. One of the characteristics of autoimmune inflammation in multiple sclerosis is a polyspecific intrathecal humoral immune response against neurotropic viruses (Measles, Rubella and varicella Zoster) called MRZ-reaction. This immune response is based on polyclonal activation of mature B lymphocytes in the central nervous system and intrathecal synthesis of antibodies to anamnestic antigens unrelated to viral replication in the central nervous system as well as serum antibody release. Immunoglobulins produced against neurotropic viruses are an integral part of the oligoclonal antibody pool in the cerebrospinal fluid. Because immunoglobulins can penetrate the blood brain barrier, not only serum and cerebrospinal fluid specific antibody indices are calculated, but also blood-brain barrier antibody permeability (Qalbumin, QIgG) are taken into account to assess their intrathecal synthesis. The aim of the study was to assess the informative value of the intrathecal antibodies against neurotropic viruses (MRZ-reaction) in multiple sclerosis. There were enrolled 60 patients divided into 2 groups: group 1 — 35 patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, group 2 — 25 patients with inflammatory and non-inflammatory disоrders of the central nervous system. Paired cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples were collected from all patients to measure level of oligoclonal IgG, immunoglobulin free kappa and lambda light chains, IgG index and specific antibodies indices, followed by assessing magnitude of MRZ-reaction. We found that the MRZ-reaction was the most specific test to diagnose multiple sclerosis. Intrathecally produced antibodies against neurotropic viruses were detected in 3 of 35 multiple sclerosis patients with lacking oligoclonal IgG antibodies. In addition, a relationship between MRZ-reaction and degree of EDSS disability was found in MS patients: peak EDSS score was reported in patients with intrathecally synthesized antibodies against 3 viral agents, whereas the minimum EDSS score — among MRZ-negative patients. Thus, assessing MRZ-reaction seems rational for confirming MS diagnosis in case of other negative laboratory tests (oligoclonal immunoglobulins and free kappa/lambda light chains in cerebrospinal fluid) allowing to improves diagnostic accuracy and evaluation of MS severity.
Abundance of Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Komi Republic as a function of an air temperature
Authors: Tronin A. A. , Tokarevich N. K. , Gnativ B. R.
Published: February 2020

The sharp rising incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Komi Republic at the North-east of European Russia was recorded last decades. Tick-bite incidence also was grown. Rapid rise of TBE incidence growth and Ixodidae ticks depends on a number of factors, and the impact of climate change being one of them. Ixodes persulcatus ticks is considered as a main vector of TBE in Komi. Our objective is to estimate the influence of air temperature change on the tickbite incidence and Ixodes persulcatus population in Komi. Komi Republic is located near the Polar circle where the northern frontier of Ixodes persulcatus ticks situated and we expected the growth of tick’s population. The number of Komi inhabitants seeking medical care after tick bites in 1992–2014 was considered. Gridded monthly air temperature data with grid size 0.5 degree were recalculated to temperature referred to Komi administrative units. The time series of annual number of tick victims from 1992 till 2014 and model air temperature from 1948 till 2016 for all Komi administrative units were compiled. We analyzed the data on tick-bite incidence in Komi administrative units in relation to changes in local annual average air temperature within the study area. The linear dependence of the tick-bite incidence on air temperature was established when of the tick-bite incidence is represented in logarithm form. The tick population depends not only on temperature but humidity, landcover and hosts. Described areas of Komi belong to humid climate, where precipitations exceed evaporation. Most of the Komi territory is covered by taiga with underwood, grass and bush. Hosts of the first and the major levels are represented by birds and rodents. The dependence of tick-bite incidence and temperature looks like “Malthus’s law”, but the development of population depends on temperature not on time. The exponential growth in the nearest future will ceased and the population will proceed to stable phase. Ticks population in Komi Republic is moving to the North and the air temperature determines the dynamics of population.
Personalized Recommendation Model: An Online Comment Sentiment Based Analysis
Authors: Chen Songmin , Lv Xiyan , Gou Juanqiong
Published: February 2020

Traditional recommendation algorithms measure users’ online ratings of goods and services but ignore the information contained in written reviews, resulting in lowered personalized recommendation accuracy. Users’ reviews express opinions and reflect implicit preferences and emotions towards the features of products or services. This paper proposes a model for the fine-grained analysis of emotions expressed in users’ online written reviews, using film reviews on the Chinese social networking site Douban.com as an example. The model extracts feature-sentiment word pairs in user reviews according to four syntactic dependencies, examines film features, and scores the sentiment values of film features according to user preferences. User group personalized recommendations are realized through user clustering and user similarity calculation. Experiments show that the extraction of user feature-sentiment word pairs based on four syntactic dependencies can better identify the implicit preferences of users, apply them to recommendations and thereby increase recommendation accuracy.
A Venture Capital Recommendation Algorithm based on Heterogeneous Information Network
Authors: Wu Sen , Li Huifei , Liu Lu
Published: February 2020

According to its characteristics, venture capital can be described as a typical heterogeneous information network, which includes multiple kinds of nodes and various relations. Getting hints from PathRank algorithm, this paper proposes VC-Recom, a recommendation algorithm based on heterogeneous information network, which helps investment companies find suitable startup projects. Besides, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can produce more effective recommendation results for investment firms compared with other methods.
Effects of different concentrations of sodium azide and chloramphenicol on the preservation of raw milk samples
Authors: Vancin Franciele Rampazzo , Webber Bruna , Bondan Carlos , Daroit Luciane , Santos Luciana Ruschel dos , Rodrigues Laura Beatriz
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: The preservation of milk samples for microbiological analyses by the Brazilian Network of Milk Quality Control Laboratories requires the addition of preservatives to maintain the microbiota from the time of sample collection to the moment of analysis. The number of microorganisms can change as a result of the active ingredients and concentration of the preservative, as well as due to interactions between the preservatives, incubation time, and packaging temperature. The objective of this research was to evaluate the conservation potential of different concentrations of sodium azide and chloramphenicol on the analytical shelf life of milk samples. Two farms were selected, one with a low bacterial count and one with a high bacterial count. The milk was dispensed into sterile vials and tested after the addition of the usual concentrations of sodium azide and chloramphenicol, doubled concentrations, tripled concentrations, and as a control, without preservatives. The samples were incubated at 3 ± 1 °C, 6 ± 1 °C, and 9 ± 1 °C for 14 days and analyzed daily for their bacterial count by flow cytometry. The tripled preservative concentrations improved conservation, increasing the timespan of the analytical viability of the samples without altering the results.
Estratégias metodológicas para elaboração de material educativo: em foco a promoção do desenvolvimento de prematuros
Authors: Lemos Rayla Amaral , Veríssimo Maria de La Ó Ramallo
Published: February 2020

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e analisar o processo de elaboração de um material educativo para a promoção do desenvolvimento da criança nascida prematura. Os procedimentos incluíram: pesquisa exploratória participativa com o público destinatário, revisões integrativas de literatura sobre o tema e sistematização dos conteúdos por meio de referenciais teóricos robustos. A Educação Popular em Saúde orientou a elaboração do material educativo e a abordagem participativa, a Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano balizou a análise e sistematização dos conteúdos, e o Simply Put a organização gráfica do material. O modelo teórico do desenvolvimento da criança nascida prematura e a sistematização e organização dos dados propiciou a elaboração de um material educativo interativo, uma tecnologia em formato de livro destinada à família. As múltiplas estratégias de pesquisa e os referenciais teóricos conferiram rigor metodológico, ampliando o potencial de ação do material educativo, que aproxima a experiência familiar ao conhecimento científico atualizado potencializando a promoção da saúde da criança.
O uso de triangulação múltipla como estratégia de validação em um estudo qualitativo
Authors: Santos Karine da Silva , Ribeiro Mara Cristina , Queiroga Danlyne Eduarda Ulisses de , Silva Ivisson Alexandre Pereira da , Ferreira Sonia Maria Soares
Published: February 2020

Resumo Este artigo objetiva apresentar o uso da triangulação na pesquisa qualitativa como estratégia para atingir os objetivos propostos, garantir credibilidade, confiabilidade e maior rigor científico em sua realização. Nesse sentido, a triangulação – por não se restringir à utilização de apenas um método, teoria, fonte de dados ou investigador no processo de análise de um mesmo fenômeno – possibilita a apreensão de uma dada realidade sob diversos ângulos, possibilitando o confrontamento de informações, de maneira a minimizar vieses resultantes de uma única perspectiva de análise. Com o intuito de evidenciar as possibilidades do uso de tal desenho metodológico, utilizou-se como exemplo um estudo qualitativo sobre vivências de cuidadores de pacientes com neoplasia de cabeça e pescoço, desenvolvido por meio de triangulação múltipla, a saber: triangulação metodológica (intramétodo), de dados, de investigador e ambiental. Ao se demonstrar um estudo estruturado, em forma de triangulação, tem-se como finalidade orientar pesquisadores interessados em realizar estudos qualitativos com um maior aprofundamento e rigor metodológico em pesquisa qualitativa.
Perfil do gestor e práticas de gestão municipal no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de acordo com porte populacional nos municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Arcari Janete Madalena , Barros André Phylippe Dantas , Rosa Roger dos Santos , Marchi Renato De , Martins Aline Blaya
Published: February 2020

Resumo O estudo buscou conhecer quem são os gestores municipais de saúde e práticas realizadas no âmbito de gestão. Possuiu delineamento transversal. A metodologia contou com o envio de um questionário eletrônico às secretarias de saúde dos 497 municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Destes, 297 retornaram (59,75%). Contudo, foram considerados na análise estatística apenas os questionários com mais de 50% de respostas válidas (n = 264). A análise contou com o cálculo da distribuição das variáveis e com testes de qui-quadrado, onde o porte populacional foi considerado variável independente. A maioria foi composta por mulheres, com escolaridade alta e distintas formações, média de idade de 43,76 anos, cor branca. A média de gastos com saúde foi de ≈20% das receitas. Houve consenso quanto na insuficiência dos recursos. Quanto ao porte populacional, 79,92% possuíam ≤ 20.000 habitantes. Diferenças significativas foram observadas na gestão de municípios de distintos portes, tanto nas prioridades, quanto nas dificuldades. O estudo permitiu conhecer parcialmente a realidade da gestão municipal. Além disso, os resultados sugeriram a necessidade de novas pesquisas sobre a feminilização da gestão, avaliação de processos de trabalho e impactos da política de austeridade.
Violência contra a mulher: o que acontece quando a Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher está fechada?
Authors: Machado Dinair Ferreira , Almeida Margareth Aparecida Santini de , Dias Adriano , Bernardes João Marcos , Castanheira Elen Rose Lodeiro
Published: February 2020

Resumo Este estudo analisa as diferenças entre os casos de violência contra a mulher, formalizados em boletins de ocorrência (BO) na Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher (DDM), durante a rotina dos formalizados nas Delegacias Civis durante os plantões policiais, em um município de médio porte do interior paulista. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com base nos BOs realizados no período de um ano (2013/2014). As ocorrências foram diferenciadas conforme o período em que foram lavrados os BOs, na rotina ou nos plantões, sendo este último tomado como variável dependente. As comparações entre os grupos foram realizadas pelo teste χ2. Foram registrados 440 boletins, sendo 373 na rotina e 67 no plantão. As ocorrências realizadas nos plantões apresentaram maior ameaça à integridade da mulher com um maior número de flagrantes do agressor, solicitação de medidas protetivas e gravidade das agressões, como hematomas, hospitalização e encaminhamento ao IML; caracterizando maior gravidade das ocorrências no período em que a DDM está fechada. Deste modo, falta às mulheres um serviço especializado de acolhimento e ampla garantia de direitos nos períodos de maior risco e vulnerabilidade.
Análise espacial da mortalidade por acidentes de motocicleta nos municípios do Brasil
Authors: Pinheiro Pedro Cisalpino , Queiroz Bernardo Lanza
Published: February 2020

Resumo A análise da distribuição da mortalidade de motociclistas nos municípios brasileiros é fundamental para o entender e tentar minimizar a ocorrência deste crescente fenômeno. O principal objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a distribuição espacial das taxas de mortalidade de ocupantes de motocicletas nos municípios brasileiros, a partir de estimativas mais robustas e confiáveis. Adicionalmente, pretendeu-se identificar a presença de padrões espaciais na distribuição das mesmas. As taxas brutas foram construídas com base no número de óbitos de motociclistas considerando a média das ocorrências nos anos de 2014, 2015 e 2016. Estas taxas foram padronizadas diretamente e suavizadas utilizando o estimador bayesiano empírico local. A identificação da presença de padrões espaciais foi realizada a partir de um indicador local de autocorrelação espacial (LISA). As taxas de mortalidade mais elevadas foram observadas em municípios da região Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. Estas regiões concentraram, também, a maior parte aglomerados de municípios com padrão alto-alto na distribuição das taxas. A suavização bayesiana se mostrou eficiente para lidar com os valores extremos, ampliando a confiabilidade das estimativas e melhorando a visualização das mesmas no mapa.
Dor de dentes e fatores associados entre adolescentes de um município de grande porte populacional no Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Massoni Andreza Cristina de Lima Targino , Porto Érika , Ferreira Luizy Raquel Barbosa Oliveira , Gomes Monalisa da Nóbrega Cesarino , Granville-Garcia Ana Flávia , D’Avila Sérgio
Published: February 2020

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e analisar o histórico de dor de dente e seus fatores associados, entre adolescentes de escolas públicas de um município do Nordeste do Brasil. Realizou-se uma pesquisa observacional, descritiva, quantitativa e transversal, através da aplicação de quatro questionários junto a 458 adolescentes. Pela análise bivariada, a prevalência de dor de dente na vida foi alta entre os adolescentes de menor idade (76,9%; p = 0,004), que visitaram o Cirurgião-Dentista alguma vez (74,8%; p = 0,001) e que relataram medo frente ao atendimento odontológico (74,9%; p = 0,006). Todavia, nos últimos 6 meses, a prevalência de dor de dente foi baixa, na qual os adolescentes do sexo masculino (77,4%; p < 0,001) e de maior idade (73,1%; p = 0,031) relataram justamente não terem sentido dor. Quando da análise multivariada, a maior prevalência de dor de dente na vida se manteve entre os adolescentes de menor idade (76,9%; p = 0,003) e que relataram medo (74,9%; p = 0,006). A prevalência de dor de dente nos últimos 6 meses se manteve baixa na análise multivariada, entre os adolescentes do sexo masculino e de maior idade. Conclui-se que a prevalência de dor de dente na vida foi maior do que nos últimos 6 meses, havendo associação significativa com os fatores: sexo, idade, visita ao Cirurgião-Dentista e sensação de medo.
Consumo de frutas e verduras por adolescentes catarinenses ao longo de uma década
Authors: Silva Jaqueline Aragoni da , Silva Kelly Samara da , Silva Mônica Costa , Silveira Pablo Magno da , Duca Giovâni Firpo Del , Benedet Jucemar , Nahas Markus Vinicius
Published: February 2020

Resumo Compreender mudanças no consumo de frutas e verduras por adolescentes é importante para criação de ações de saúde pública. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar mudanças, em dez anos, no consumo diário de frutas e verduras por adolescentes, de acordo com sexo, idade e área de moradia. Estudo de painel (análise secundária) da pesquisa "Estilo de vida e comportamentos de risco de jovens catarinenses". Adolescentes (15-19 anos) de escolas estaduais, em 2001 (n = 5.028) e 2011 (n = 6.529), responderam questionário sobre consumo de frutas e verduras e aspectos sociodemográficos. Estatística descritiva e regressão logística (2001 vs 2011), estratificada para sexo, idade e área de moradia. Houve diminuição no consumo diário de frutas (39,1% e 16,6%) e de verduras (40,1% e 20,6%). Diferentes prevalências são observadas de acordo com subgrupos, principalmente entre moças. A chance para consumo diário de verduras entre rapazes e adolescentes de área rural continuou a mesma. A diminuição na prevalência do consumo diário de frutas e verduras por adolescentes catarinenses de 15 a 19 anos aponta necessidade de criação de estratégias para reversão deste cenário.
Analysis of the evolution of competences in the clinical practice of the nursing degree
Authors: Martínez-Momblán Maria Antonia , Colina-Torralva Javier , Cueva-Ariza Laura De la , Guix-Comellas Eva Maria , Romero-García Marta , Delgado-Hito Pilar
Published: February 2020

Objective: to analyze the student’s progression in the acquisition of specific and transversal competences in relation to the competence dimensions. Method: the cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the clinical practice subjects included in the Nursing Degree. We included 323 students and we contemplated the development of competences through an ad-hoc questionnaire with 4 dimensions: delivery and care management, therapeutic communication, professional development and care management. Results: the academic results between the practice of the second and third year showed an improvement in care provision and therapeutic communication skills (Clinical Placements I: 12%-29%; Clinical Placements II: 32%-47%) and worsened in professional development and care management (Clinical Placements I: 44%-38%; Clinical Placements II: 44%-26%). Conclusion: the correlations between these two years were high in all the dimensions analyzed. The evaluation of competence progression in the context of clinical practice in nursing university studies allows us to optimize these practices to the maximum and establish professional profiles with a greater degree of adaptation to the professional future.
Development of an instructor guide tool: ‘Three Stages of Holistic Debriefing’
Authors: Góes Fernanda dos Santos Nogueira de , Jackman Deirdre
Published: February 2020

Objective: to describe the development of an English and Brazilian Portuguese Holistic Debriefing Tool focused on nursing educator to promote a reflective learning. Method: a methodology study, with three phases: integrative literature review; tool development and review of a panel of nursing experts. The literature review tracked a systematic process. For the tool development were used literature review results, Lederman’s Debriefing Process and Zabala’s learning framework as theoretical referential to promote a reflective learning in High-Fidelity Simulation. The panel of nursing experts analysed the quality of the tool. Results: literature review evidenced gaps about educator pedagogical preparation and indicated no holistic debriefing tool exists which captures formative and summative aspects of debriefing guidance to assist the educator to debrief. Debriefing tool was purposed with two pages: first page were recommended how conduct debriefing and second page is a questions guidance. The tool evaluation was undertaken for a total of three modifications for congruence and concept reader clarity. Conclusion: it was proposed a holistic debriefing tool focused on nursing educator. This study provides an overall picture of the process to promote a reflexive learning in High-Fidelity Simulation and to contribute to formal nursing educator training to apply best pedagogical practice.
Validation of a counseling guide for adherence to antiretroviral therapy using implementation science
Authors: Musayón-Oblitas Flor Yesenia , Cárcamo Cesar Paul , Gimbel Sarah , Zarate Juan Ignacio Echevarria , Espinoza Ana Beatriz Graña
Published: February 2020

Objective: to determine the contents that must be included in the usual counseling to improve the adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) of HIV patients, according to their different levels of alcohol consumption, and to determine the validity of the Counseling Guide in improving the adherence to ART in patients who consume alcohol using Implementation Science. Method: this is an observational study with formative and validation phases. The formative phase defined the content, approach and structure of the counseling. Validation included focus groups with patients and nurses, trial process by an expert and a pilot test. The criteria evaluated based on Implementation Science were: intervention source, evidence strength and quality, relative advantage, and complexity. The following criteria were also evaluated: usefulness, practicality, acceptability, sustainability, effectiveness; content consistency and congruence; procedural compliance and difficulties, and time spent in counseling. Results: the strength of evidence of the counseling is High-IIA, with strong level of recommendation and presenting usefulness, practicality, acceptability, sustainability and effectiveness. Eight in 11 experts argued that the Guide is clear, consistent and congruent. Initial counseling takes around 24 minutes; and follow-up counseling, 21. The instruments of the Guide present reliability levels between good and high (0.65 ≥ alpha ≤ 0.92). Conclusion: the Counseling Guide is valid to improve the adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients who consume alcohol.
Perception and manifestation of collaborative competencies among undergraduate health students
Authors: Lima Ana Wládia Silva de , Alves Fábia Alexandra Pottes , Linhares Francisca Márcia Pereira , Costa Marcelo Viana da , Coriolano-Marinus Maria Wanderleya de Louvor , Lima Luciane Soares de
Published: February 2020

Objective: to analyze the perception and manifestation of collaborative teamwork competencies among undergraduate health students who experienced the curricular internship’s integration module from the perspective of interprofessional education. Method: qualitative study, developed with the intervention research strategy. Twenty-eight students from five undergraduate health courses participated. Data were collected in three focus group interviews conducted with the undergraduate students at the end of each semester. For data analysis, the technique of intervention research and dialectical hermeneutics adopted was based on the theoretical framework of interprofessional education in health. Results: uniprofessional culture, the experience of integration of different fields of knowledge and collaborative competencies were manifested by the students in their reports and in the actions developed by the multidisciplinary team with individuals and families, during the experience of the curricular internship’s integration module. Conclusion: the experience of integration of the curricular internship from the perspective of interprofessionality favored the perception and manifestation of collaborative competencies that are necessary for teamwork among the students.
Origens da vida no contexto cósmico: o primeiro MOOC em astronomia desenvolvido no Brasil
Authors: Souza Rodrigo de , Cypriano Elysandra Figueredo
Published: February 2020

Resumo O MOOC “Origens da vida no contexto cósmico” foi a primeira iniciativa de Astronomia em língua portuguesa neste formato. Seu lançamento ocorreu em junho de 2016, contando inicialmente, com mais de 4.000 alunos, número que foi aumentando gradativamente (e cumulativamente) até a última sessão analisada (agosto, 2019). Nesse artigo será apresentada a metodologia utilizada para a criação do MOOC que, atualmente, já atendeu a mais de 150 mil alunos, além de uma reflexão sobre seu desenvolvimento de forma acompanhada ou independente do apoio de um tutor. Como resultados, identificou-se que a taxa de conclusão do curso esteve em torno de 9%, o que corrobora os dados da literatura, além da predominância de alunos com formação superior e do gênero masculino. O nível de satisfação dos alunos com o curso foi elevado: em uma escala de 0 a 5, a satisfação foi avaliada em 4,8. Além disso, o curso já transcende a barreira do mundo virtual e tem sido empregado como ferramenta de auxílio à aprendizagem em escolas de ensino fundamental e médio.
Profile of aggressors of older adults receiving care at a geriatrics and gerontology reference center in the Distrito Federal (Federal District), Brazil
Authors: Matos Neuza Moreira de , Albernaz Emanuelle de Oliveira , Sousa Barbara Barbosa de , Braz Mariana Campos , Vale Maria Sueli do , Pinheiro Hudson Azevedo
Published: February 2020

Abstract Objective: To profile aggressors of older adults who receive care at a reference center in geriatrics and gerontology in the Distrito Federal (Federal District), Brazil, from 2008 to 2018. Method: A retrospective, documentary, descriptive study with a quantitative approach was performed, based on information obtained from the minutes book of the unit, which contained a record of mediation meetings of cases of conflict and violence against older adults, carried out by social workers, nurses and other members of the multidisciplinary team. The data collection instrument covered the sociodemographic characteristics of the aggressor, the sociodemographic and health profile of the older adults and the type of violence suffered. Result: 111 cases were analyzed. The children of the older adults were the main aggressors (72%), with a prevalence of men (62%) and the from 51 to 60 year age group (37%). The older adults who suffered violence were predominantly women (72%), almost half of whom were aged 81 to 90 years, followed by those aged 71 to 80 years (39%). A total of 16% of the older adults lived with their children or close family members. The main types of violence evidenced were negligence (56%) and psychological violence (29%), with physical violence representing 8% of cases. Conclusion: The study of the profile of the aggressor and the older adult who suffered violence reinforced the need to focus actions within family arrangements. Investigations that address those who practice violence can contribute to the promotion of public health policies and contribute to geriatric and gerontological clinical practices that combat violence against older adults.
Habilidades sociales de comunicación en el cuidado humanizado de enfermería: Un diagnóstico para una intervención socioeducativa
Authors: Oviedo Aracely Díaz , Delgado Ivonne Amanecer Villanueva , Licona José Francisco Martínez
Published: February 2020

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar las habilidades sociales necesarias para la comunicación en el cuidado humanizado de enfermería. Método Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal realizado de noviembre del 2018 a enero del 2019 en un hospital público de San Luis Potosí, México. La recolección fue con 30 pacientes hospitalizados y 30 enfermeras de hospitalización utilizando 3 instrumentos: CECOP (Comportamientos sobre la forma de comunicación observado por pacientes), ACEP (Autoevaluación sobre la forma de comunicación por personal de enfermería) y tercero una Evaluación de conocimientos de cuidado humanizado, se analizó con estadística descriptiva. Resultados El 60% de enfermería obtuvo en nivel medio en empatía y comunicación, y el 63.3% de pacientes percibe nivel alto. Al evaluar el respeto, comprensión y amabilidad en las escalas análogas se encontró que el promedio de clasificación varió de 8.73 a 9.03 en una escala de 0 a 10. el .97.4% de los pacientes desean ser comprendidos y atendidos. En conocimientos el 67% de enfermeras obtuvo nivel bajo Conclusiones e Implicaciones para la práctica El estudio permitió identificar las habilidades sociales necesarias que el profesional de enfermería requiere fortalecer para la comunicación efectiva. Los resultados son pieza clave para diseñar la Intervención socioeducativa.
O DISCURSO DE AMOR NA VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA MULHERES: ANÁLISE SOCIOLÓGICA DE “QUEM MATOU ELOÁ”
Authors: Rossi Túlio Cunha
Published: February 2020

O texto consiste em uma análise socio- lógica do documentário Quem matou Eloá (Lívia Perez, Brasil, 2015), sobre o sequestro e assassinato da adolescente Eloá Cristina, de 15 anos, por seu ex-namorado, Lindemberg Alves, de 22 anos, em Santo André, SP, em outubro de 2008. O sequestro repercutiu na televisão brasileira, terminando com uma intervenção malsucedida da Policia Militar e a morte de Eloá. Na época, sustentou-se na televisão o discurso de que o crime resultava de uma “crise amorosa” de Lindemberg após o fim do relacionamento. O artigo então discute conexões entre os processos de significação cultural tanto da violência contra as mulheres quanto dos relacionamentos amorosos e a participação de meios de comunicação nesses processos. Adota-se a sociologia do cinema de Pierre Sorlin, buscando fragmentos de ideologia evocados no filme, enquanto este constrói uma crítica distanciada do caso em relação ao papel sensacionalista da cobertura televisiva à época.