bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KÜRESELLEŞME VE BÖLGESEL KALKINMA EŞİTSİZLİKLİKLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: ORAN İbrahim Bora
Published: August 2020

Dünya ekonomisi perspektifinde küresel sistemin devam etmekte olduğu günümüzde halen bölgesel kalkınma farklılıklarının çözümlenemediği gözlemlenmektedir. Aslında tarihin ilk çağlarından itibaren dünyanın gelişmiş ülkeleri ve daha az gelişmiş olan ülkeleri arasında gelir ve kalkınma farklılıkları bulunduğu bilinmekle birlikte eşitsizlik sorunlarına gereken önemin verilmediği görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, küresel sistem sayesinde az gelişmiş ülkelerde sosyal ve ekonomik kalkınma düzeylerinin arttırılması hakkında düzenlenen bu araştırma kapsamında küreselleşme ile sağlanması beklenen yararlanma olanaklarının etkileri ve sorunların devam etmesine yol açan nedenlerin bulunmasına çalışılmaktadır. Dünyada küreselleşmenin başlamasından sonra aradan çok uzun yıllar geçmesine rağmen hem farklı bölgelerde yer alan ülkeler arasında kalkınma farklılıkları bulunmaktadır hem de herhangi bir ülkenin kendi milli sınırları içindeki farklı bölgelerinde sosyal ve ekonomik gelişme farklılıkları devam etmektedir. Küreselleşme ile çözümlenmesi beklenen en önemli sorunlar arasında başta eşitsizlik ve yoksulluğun tamamen ortadan kaldırılması olmak üzere küreselleşme politikalarının arka planındaki niyetlerin ve ülke yönetimlerinin sorumluluklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla bölgesel kalkınma analizlerine yer verilmektedir. Bu analizlerin sonuçlarına göre, küresel sistemin bölgesel gelişim farklılıkları üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilirken, küreselleşme ile artan uluslararası ticaret faaliyetlerinde az gelişmiş ülkelerin ulusal çıkarlarının korunması, düzenlenen uluslararası ticaret anlaşmalarıyla yaratılan olumsuz etkilerin önlenmesi ve küreselleşmeye uyum ilkelerinin yeniden belirlenmesi için gereken en doğru hükümlere ulaşılması hedeflenmektedir.
TOKSİK LİDERLİĞİN ÜRETKENLİK KARŞITI İŞ DAVRANIŞLARI VE İŞTEN AYRILMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNE YÖNELİK BİR MODEL ÖNERİSİ
Authors: AKCA İhsan , TUZCUOĞLU Ferruh
Published: August 2020

Bilgi çağı olarak nitelendirilen günümüz iş hayatında çalışanların örgütsel sürdürülebilirlik için taşıdığı önem oldukça fazladır. İnsan unsurunun üretim faktörlerinin en değerlisi haline gelmesi bu önemi arttırmaktadır.  Çalışanların örgütsel süreçler için gayret ve çaba göstermesinde onları etkileyecek liderlik yaklaşımlarının olması bireysel ve kurumsal performansı ve tatmini arttırmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışan davranışlarının örgütsel çıktılar üzerinde belirleyici olması araştırmacıları davranışsal tutumlar üzerine çalışmalar yapmaya yöneltmektedir. Son yıllarda popüler bir kavram olarak ele alınan toksik liderlik, örgütler ve çalışanlar için istenmeyen bir unsur olarak kabul edilmektedir. Toksik liderliğin çalışan davranışlarını ve tutumlarını olumsuz yönde etkileyebileceği düşüncesi bu çalışmada yer alan model önerisinin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Yıkıcı ve yıpratıcı bir liderlik türü olan toksik liderliğin üretkenlik karşıtı iş davranışlarının oluşumunu hızlandırması beklenmektedir. Ayrıca toksik liderliğin çalışanların örgütte kalma istekliliklerini azaltarak bireyleri işten ayrılma niyetine yönlendirebileceği öngörülmektedir. Bu çalışmada toksik liderlik, üretkenlik karşıtı iş davranışları ve işten ayrılma niyeti değişkenleri kavramsal olarak ele alınmış ve bu değişkenler arası ilişkileri ortaya çıkarmak üzere araştırma soruları oluşturulmuştur.
Sleeping on a tightrope: White-breasted Cormorants Phalacrocorax lucidus and African Darters Anhinga rufa roosting on transmission lines
Authors: Daniel Karis , Quintana Itxaso , Underhill Les G
Published: August 2020

Though recent research has explored the negative impact of human infrastructure on large waterbirds, few studies have examined behavioural byproducts such as roosting or nesting on transmission wires. Here, we document our observation of a joint roost of White-breasted Cormorant Phalacrocorax lucidus and African Darter Anhinga rufa on transmission lines in the Western Cape, South Africa. We highlight current gaps in understanding communal roosting, joint roosts between species, and roosting on infrastructure, and provide recommendations for future directions of study.
Sign Evaluation and Compliance Under Mortality Salience
Authors: Kellaris James J. , Machleit Karen , Gaffney Donald R.
Published: August 2020

This article examines sign communication effectiveness in the context of COVID-19 pandemic-related signs that promote behavioral changes. A program of four experiments assessed the influence of mortality salience on responses to signs promoting frequent handwashing (Study 1), restricted shopping hours for vulnerable groups (Study 2), maintaining physical distance (Study 3), and mask wearing (Study 4). Findings support a conceptual model proposing a serial mediation process whereby mortality cues trigger a chain of events (feelings and thoughts) that ultimately shape evaluations of and intentions to comply with signs. Findings offer evidencebased guidelines for effective signage communication.
Comparative Studies on Serum Lysozyme Activities of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), Prussian Carp (Carassius gibelio) and Crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus)
Authors: BULUT Cafer , KUBİLAY Ayşegül
Published: August 2020

In this study, serum lysozyme activity was studied by the agar well diffusion assay in various species of fish (common carp, Cyprinus carpio, pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, prussian carp, Carassius gibelio) and crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) obtained from three different regions in spring and autumn in 2013. The highest levels of lysozyme activity were found in pikeperch fish, followed by common carp, prussian carp, and crayfish, respectively. There was no significant difference between common carp, prussian carp, and crayfish, but it was found a significant between pikeperch fish and the other species (p<0.05). There was a significant difference of serum lysozyme levels between spring and autumn in common carp, prussian carp and crayfish (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between seasons in pikeperch fish. These results showed different of the lysozyme activity in the fish innate immune system in the aquatic ecosystem of different species.
Balık Ürünlerinde Küf Gelişiminin Yarattığı Problemler ve Kontrolüne Yönelik Çözümler
Authors: KILINÇ Berna
Published: August 2020

Su ürünlerine uygulanan işleme teknolojileri ile ürünlerin su aktivitesi düşürülmekte, bakteriyal gelişim yavaşlamakta, ürünlerin raf ömürleri uzamaktadır. Su ürünlerine tuz, baharat ilave edilmesi veya ısıl işlem uygulanması gibi işlemler su ürünleri içerisindeki suyu bağlayarak mikroorganizmalar tarafından kullanılabilir suyu azaltmaktadır. Su aktivitesinin düşürülmesi ile bozulma yapan bakterilerin gelişimi giderek azalmakta ancak ortam küflerin gelişimine olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle işlenmiş balık ürünlerinde küflerin gelişimi problem haline gelebilmektedir. Ayrıca küfler insanlarda hastalıklara da neden olabilmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında küfler, bulaşma kaynakları, insanlarda neden olduğu hastalıklar, balık ürünlerinde izole edilen küfler ve küflerin balık ürünlerinde kontrolüne yönelik çözümlere yer verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; ürünlerin depolanması esnasında gelişen küflerin oluşturdukları mikotoksinlerin kanserojen maddeler olması nedeniyle küf gelişmiş ürünlerin tüketiminin risk oluşturduğu bilinmeli ve tüketilmemelidir. Balık ürünlerinde küf gelişiminin önlenmesi için gereken önlemler alınmalı ve kalite kayıplarının oluşumu engellenmelidir.
Preparation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated Peptostreptococcal protein-L by the periodate method. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel
Published: August 2020

This reagent can be used in ELISA, Western blotting and Dot blot to detect antigens and antibodies. It is important in the immunodiagnosis of infectious diseases and other problems. Protein L binds to kappa light chains of immunoglobulins from many animal species including human, mouse, rat, chicken, hamster and pig [1]. 1. Justiz-Vaillant AA, Akpaka PE, McFarlane-Anderson N, Smikle MF. Comparison of techniques of detecting immunoglobulin-binding protein reactivity to immunoglobulin produced by different avian and mammalian species.West Indian Med J. 2013;62(1):12-20.
ELISA for quantification of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in human serum or plasma. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Ferrer-Cosme Belkis
Published: August 2020

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine belonging to the transforming growth factor superfamily. TGFB proteins are made by all white blood cell lineages.It is a multipotent growth factor affecting cell differentiation, tissue repair, cell proliferation, matrix production and apoptosis. [1] Reference 1. Clark DA, Coker R. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta).Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1998;30(3):293-298. doi:10.1016/s1357-2725(97)00128-3
ELISA for quantification of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in human serum or plasma. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Ferrer-Cosme Belkis
Published: August 2020

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cell signaling cytokine involved in systemic inflammation. It is one of the proteins that make up the acute phase reaction [1]. Reference 1. Pasquereau S, Kumar A, Herbein G. Targeting TNF and TNF Receptor Pathway in HIV-1 Infection: from Immune Activation to Viral Reservoirs.Viruses. 2017;9(4):64. Published 2017 Mar 30. doi:10.3390/v9040064
Isolation and Characterization of Enteric Bacteria from Oysters v1
Authors: Aisha Folashade John Sade , E. Akpaka Patrick , Unakal Chandrashekhar , Kurhade Arvind , Justiz-Vaillant Angel
Published: August 2020

Enterobacteriaceae the leading cause of gastroenteritis. These gram- negative bacteria from species like Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, Vibrio and Helicobacter etc are among those that cause severe disease in consumers, especially those that indulge in uncooked seafood. Oysters have been shown to harbour these pathogenic organisms, which pose a major health risk. Numerous outbreaks of gastroenteritis due to oyster consumption have been reported worldwide because of the enteric bacteria as well as viral pathogen contamination This research was conducted to identify the Enterobacteriaceae present in oysters sold by vendors in Trinidad. During a five-month period (the rainy season, May - September), a total of 156 oyster samples (comprising 104 oysters samples and 52 water samples of the prepared, unprepared oyster cocktails plus the water used by vendors) were analysed. These samples were collected from roadside vendors operating near to the coastal line of the Western part of Trinidad These were processed at the microbiology unit of the Department of Para-clinical Sciences of the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine using standard microbiology techniques. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the recovered organisms were performed using the Kirby Bauer method for the following antibiotics- Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Cefuroxime and Ceftazidime. The SPSS 21 programme was used to analyse the biometric data and a chi-square test was used to determine if there was any significant difference between the kinds of preparation cocktails with respect to the coliform and organisms found. Results of the 104 oyster samples tested, 112 isolates were obtained, 13.4% (15/112) were E.coli of which 0.1% (1/15) was the 0157:H7 strain; 72.3% (81/112) were Shigella species of which 27.2% (22/81) were Shigella dysenteriae; 14.3% (16/112) were Salmonella species of which 25% (4/16) were Salmonella cubana. The susceptibility profiles of the organisms revealed that 86.5% of Shigella, 100% of E.coli and 93.7% of the Salmonella were resistant to multiple antibiotics. With the recovery of these organisms from these samples, the health of the Trinidadian and foreign consumers of mangrove oysters is at risk particularly from Shigella, E.coli and Salmonella species. As a result, there should be an increased need for public awareness as well as regulations by the Ministry of Health to be made so that illness from these hazardous Enterobacteriaceae can be prevented.
Detection of total and faecal coliforms in the oysters v1
Authors: Aisha Folashade John Sade , E. Akpaka Patrick , Unakal Chandrashekhar , Kurhade Arvind , Justiz-Vaillant Angel
Published: August 2020

Enterobacteriaceae the leading cause of gastroenteritis. These gram- negative bacteria from species like Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, Vibrio and Helicobacter etc are among those that cause severe disease in consumers, especially those that indulge in uncooked seafood. Oysters have been shown to harbour these pathogenic organisms, which pose a major health risk. Numerous outbreaks of gastroenteritis due to oyster consumption have been reported worldwide because of the enteric bacteria as well as viral pathogen contamination This research was conducted to identify the Enterobacteriaceae present in oysters sold by vendors in Trinidad. During a five-month period (the rainy season, May - September), a total of 156 oyster samples (comprising 104 oysters samples and 52 water samples of the prepared, unprepared oyster cocktails plus the water used by vendors) were analysed. These samples were collected from roadside vendors operating near to the coastal line of the Western part of Trinidad These were processed at the microbiology unit of the Department of Para-clinical Sciences of the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine using standard microbiology techniques. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the recovered organisms were performed using the Kirby Bauer method for the following antibiotics- Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Cefuroxime and Ceftazidime. The SPSS 21 programme was used to analyse the biometric data and a chi-square test was used to determine if there was any significant difference between the kinds of preparation cocktails with respect to the coliform and organisms found. Results of the 104 oyster samples tested, 112 isolates were obtained, 13.4% (15/112) were E.coli of which 0.1% (1/15) was the 0157:H7 strain; 72.3% (81/112) were Shigella species of which 27.2% (22/81) were Shigella dysenteriae; 14.3% (16/112) were Salmonella species of which 25% (4/16) were Salmonella cubana. The susceptibility profiles of the organisms revealed that 86.5% of Shigella, 100% of E.coli and 93.7% of the Salmonella were resistant to multiple antibiotics. With the recovery of these organisms from these samples, the health of the Trinidadian and foreign consumers of mangrove oysters is at risk particularly from Shigella, E.coli and Salmonella species. As a result, there should be an increased need for public awareness as well as regulations by the Ministry of Health to be made so that illness from these hazardous Enterobacteriaceae can be prevented.
ELISA for quantification of CXC motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) in human serum or plasma. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Ferrer-Cosme Belkis
Published: August 2020

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cell signaling cytokine involved in systemic inflammation. It is one of the proteins that make up the acute phase reaction [1]. Reference 1. Pasquereau S, Kumar A, Herbein G. Targeting TNF and TNF Receptor Pathway in HIV-1 Infection: from Immune Activation to Viral Reservoirs.Viruses. 2017;9(4):64. Published 2017 Mar 30. doi:10.3390/v9040064
Clinical and genetic characteristics of congenital muscular dystrophies (part 2)
Authors: Chausova P. A. , Ryzhkova O. P. , Polyakov A. V.
Published: August 2020

Dystroglycanopathy is one of the groups of congenital muscular dystrophies, the occurrence of which is associated with a disorder of α-dystroglycan glycosylation. To date, 18 genes responsible for the development of this condition are known. The 2nd part of this review presents the classification, phenotypic forms, clinical features, pathogenesis and etiology of this type of congenital muscular dystrophies. In addition, the issues of molecular diagnosis of congenital muscular dystrophies are considered and information on modern developments in the treatment of this pathology is provided.
The experience with repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation in subjects with lumbosacral radiculopathy
Authors: Blokhina V. N. , Kopachka M. M. , Troshina E. M. , Kanshin D. S. , Nikolaev S. G.
Published: August 2020

Introduction. Lumbosacral radiculopathy is а leading cause of long-term disability. Taking into a consideration the duration of treatment radiculopathy, the risk of developing adverse reactions when taking analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the physiotherapeutic method — repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation may become a promising method of therapy.

Aim of the study. Assessment of the effectiveness of the complex treatment for patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy using the course of the repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation.

Materials and methods. Forty patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy were enrolled in the open non-randomized study, were divided into 2 parallel groups. The patients of the 1st group received a course of traditional treatment and a course of the repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation. The patients of the 2nd group were treated with the traditional treatment without the course of the stimulation. A magnetic stimulator MagPro (Magventure, Denmark) was used for repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation.

Results. A significant difference (p <0.001) was registered regarding the reduction of pain syndrome and the improvement of the functional status after treatment in both groups. 14 (70 %) patients of the first group achieved a pain visual analogue scale relief by 50 % after 10 repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation sessions, while 6 (30 %) patients did this after 15 repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation sessions. We did not observed a statistically significant differences (p >0.05) in pain syndrome, functional status, anxiety level at the end of follow-up between the groups.

Conclusion. We did not receive the benefits of the repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation course in comparison with a traditional treatment of a lumbosacral radiculopathy. Further placebo-controlled studies to study the effect of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation on pain and anxiety in patients with back pain and radiculopathy are required.
Nerve ultrasound in the assessment of cross-sectional area in healthy children
Authors: Bedova M. A. , Klimkin A. V. , Voitenkov V. B. , Skripchenko N. V.
Published: August 2020

Introduction. Nerve ultrasound continues to progress due to improved technical equipment and knowledge, but so far not enough research has been done to determine the normative values of the cross-sectional area in children, and the obtained results differ between laboratories and researchers.

Aim of the study. To determine the normative values of peripheral nerves» cross-sectional area in children 5–18 years old.

Materials and methods. High resolution nerve ultrasound of brachial plexus, median, ulnar, radial, femoral, sciatic, tibial and peroneal nerves was performed in 30 children in real time. Nerve trunks were visualized throughout the limb from both sides. The cross-sectional area of the nerves was measured by a manual tracing method with the rounding of the hypoechogenic contours of the nerve trunk. Nerves’ crosssectional area was measured at distal and proximal sites. The obtained data were statistically processed using Excel and Statistica 10.

Results. No bilateral cross-sectional area’s differences were found in children. Boys had significantly thicker nerves compared to girls, older age group (13–17 years old) compared to younger ones. There was a significant correlation between cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the level of the wrist, sciatic nerve and children’ height and weight.

Conclusions. The normal values of cross-sectional area in children can be used in the practical work of a neurologists, neurophysiologists and ultrasound technicians.
NURSES EDUCATION AND SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS IN MEDICAL COLLEGE IN EMERGENCY SITUATION
Authors: Jankovska Livija , Lubkina Velta , Danilane Liga
Published: August 2020

Transformation of medical education in Latvia is connected to new requirements which are focused on developing complex competences that have become especially important in specific and health threatening conditions of Covid-19 global pandemic. Qualitative use of specific and transversal competences is necessary for more complicated and autonomous dimensions of the nurses’ responsibilities. Uniting of the existing 2nd level of the professional education with the 1st level of higher education into common higher medical education frame is planned in order to make nurses’ certification easier, to improve employment, mobility and adaptability to the unexpected conditions as, for the example, the present emergency pandemic situation. The study in the doctoral thesis frame reveals that improvement of acquisition of the competences can be promoted by transforming educational documents and focusing on practice-based environment.
READING DISORDERS AND DYSLEXIA IN THE PROCESS OF READING SKILLS ACQUISITION
Authors: Rozenfelde Marite , Ogrina Regina , Boneva Daniela
Published: August 2020

The paper describes research on the situation in the primary education classrooms of Latvian educational institutions regarding the detection and correction of reading disorders and dyslexia in the framework of the Erasmus + K2 project "Dyslexia Assessment Protocol (DAP)" (2019-1-LV01-KA201-060355). The results of research showed that the behaviour of primary school teachers in situations, when reading disorders are identified, varies, but most of the correction work and support in educational institutions is provided by the speech therapist. It is important to carry out the professional development of primary school teachers by providing an understanding of the terms "reading disorders" and "dyslexia", knowledge of further actions in reading disorders and dyslexia cases, support opportunities for pupils and parents, as well as collaboration with a speech therapist. Teachers recognize the need for a common methodological material for native language teachers for work with children with reading disorders or dyslexia in order to ensure that teachers, regardless of professional experience or knowledge, work as homogeneous as possible. It would also serve as a good argument for talking to pupils' parents.
Adaptogens: modern realities and prospects for the search of new effective and safe medicines (review of literature and authors’ research)
Authors: Nekrasa Ivan Anatolevich , Bibik Elena Yu. , Frolov Konstantin A. , Dotsenko Viktor V. , Krivokolysko Sergey G.
Published: August 2020

In present medical practice adaptogens and antihypoxants are a promising, but still insufficiently studied group of medicines. The largest evidence base among plant adaptogens was developed for ginseng, aralia, eleutherococcus, lemongrass, rhodiola, leuzea, sterculia. Antihypoxants, like trimetazidine, meldonium, succinic and -aminobutyric acid medications are included in the clinical guidelines. They have the most pronounced antihypoxic effects in a variety of diseases and pathological conditions, accompanied by impaired energy metabolism in the tissues. But their effect is not always high due to the variety of etiological factors causing hypoxia.

Tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazine derivatives characterized by various pharmacodynamic effects with low toxicity which opens up prospects for a detailed further study. In animal experiments, the most pronounced adaptogenic and antidepressant effects is exerted by compounds TD-0348 and TD-0479, superior in strength to the antihypoxants used in modern clinical practice, the classic plant adaptogen ginseng.
Natriuretic response to hypervolemia and injection of diuretics in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Frolov Dmitrij S. , Shustov Sergej B. , Sveklina Tatyana S. , Sardinov Ruslan T. , Saluhov Vladimir V.
Published: August 2020

Relevance. The article analyze the results of changes in the diuretic and natriuretic response to standard hypervolemic load and the injection of a diuretic in patients with chronic heart failure with preserved and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.

Purpose. Evaluation of changes in the natriuretic response to hypervolemia and diuretic injection in patients with chronic heart failure.

Materials and methods. 25 men with chronic heart failure were examined; the average age was 68 y. o. (67; 73). Of these, 13 patients with chronic heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than 50 % entered the first studied group and 12 patients with chronic heart failure with preserved LVEF (more than 50%), who entered the second studied group. In all the patients, hypervolemia was induced by Ringers solution, followed by the injection of furosemide and the registration of diuresis and natriuresis.

Results. When analyzing natriuresis in the studied patients, it was found that at the same concentration of serum sodium, there is a multidirectional reaction to the excretion of sodium in the urine in both groups. At the same time, the rates of diuresis in both groups did not differ significantly.

Conclusion. Thus, with chronic heart failure and reduced LVF less than 50% patients had a lower natriuresis compared to those studied with preserved LVF. In the patients with chronic heart failure fluid overload on the mixed response it is noted that if the urine sodium level is at the lower limit of normal in patients with reduced LVF less than 50%, then, against the background of stimulation of diuresis, sodium begins to be excreted more intensively. In the patients with chronic heart failure with preserved LVF, the urine sodium level is at the upper limit of the norm and when furosemide is stimulated, there is a decrease in its excretion.
Risk factors for cardiovascular complications in patients with left breast cancer in daily clinical practice
Authors: Poroshina Elena G. , Vologdina Irina V. , Zhabina Razifa M. , Stanzhevsky Andrey A. , Krasilnikova Larisa A.
Published: August 2020

Purpose. Detection of adherence to a healthy lifestyle (HLS) and evaluation of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular complications (CVC), including psychosocial, in patients with left breast cancer at the stage of chemoradiotherapy in daily clinical practice.

Materials and methods. The patients were hospitalized for 3D conformal radiation therapy on the bed of the left breast with a total radiation dose (TRD) of 39 Gy (equivalent to 48 Gy of conventional fractionation). All the patients had a Madden mastectomy at the previous stages followed by doxorubicin therapy at a cumulative dose not exceeding 360 mg/m2. Determination of all components of a healthy lifestyle was carried out according to the data of interviewing the participants. The risk category of cardiovascular complications was assessed according to the SCORE scale. Additional characteristics including psychosocial factors were assessed. The examination included ECG and echocardiography.

Results. At the initial examination, 58% of middle-aged patients and 74% of elderly patients showed comorbidity, while 18% of middle-aged patients and 29% of elderly patients had multiple comorbidities. Low adherence to healthy lifestyle in the patients was primarily associated with low physical activity due to the existing pain syndrome caused by both the tumor process itself and the surgical intervention. Physical activity in both groups was significantly lower than in the general population. High risk of CVC was significantly more common in the elderly patients. Systolic and diastolic dysfunction as a manifestation of cardiotoxicity after the previous stage of doxorubicin therapy were detected in middle-aged patients in 35.7% of the cases, in the elderly patients in 56.5% of the cases (HR 0.643, 95% CI 0.470-0.880). Psychosocial factors such as acute chronic stress and family problems were the most common. All the examined patients showed moderate reactive anxiety. The elderly patients showed a high level of personal anxiety.

Conclusions. The obtained data suggest that in breast cancer patients, low adherence to HLS is primarily associated with low physical activity and unhealthy diet and to a much lesser extent smoking, which is of great importance in the formation of a healthy lifestyle in these patients in the future. In elderly patients, the study significantly more often identified risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. These patients revealed increased level of personal anxiety. This highlights the need for an expanded study of not only the main but also additional risk factors.
Study of maternal and fetal outcome in postdate pregnancy in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Pransukhbhai Patel Yogeshkumar , Londhe Poonam
Published: August 2020

Background: Fetal, neonatal and maternal complications associated with pregnancy beyond 40 weeks have always been underestimated. However emerging evidence demonstrates that the incidence of complications increases after 40 weeks of gestation. The present study was conducted to find out the fetomaternal outcome of such prolonged pregnancy.Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 70 patients with uncomplicated prolonged pregnancy fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria and admitted in department of obstetrics and gynecology at a tertiary care hospital B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.Results: Out of 70 patients, majority of the subjects belongs to 26-30 years of age (50%). The gestational age of 90% of patients were between 40-42 weeks. About 42-44% of the foetus had a birth weight of 2.5-3.5 kgs. Maximum patients underwent vaginal deliveries in spontaneous group (57%) and 64% underwent LSCS in induced group. Mode of delivery is significantly associated with presence of adequate liquor.Conclusions: With regular antenatal check-up, incidence of postdate pregnancy can be decreased and it is important because of definite risk to fetus as pregnancy continuing beyond 40 weeks of gestation is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality especially those who do not come for regular antenatal check-up.
Hukuk ve İktisat Yaklaşımında Bir İktisatçı: Ronald H. Coase
Authors: Tayyar Ahmet Emrah
Published: August 2020

Hukuk ve iktisat yaklaşımının gelişiminde bir iktisatçı olarak Ronald H. Coase’un önemli katkıları bulunmaktadır. Bu önemden dolayı Coase’un metodolojisinin incelenmesi makalenin temel amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda yazdığı makaleler yardımıyla hukuk ve iktisat bilimleriyle ilgili görüşleri, kendisine yapılan eleştiriler ve dışsallık problemine getirdiği çözüm analiz edilmiştir. Buna göre iktisatta gerçekliğe önem vermesi, matematiksel tekniklerden uzak durması ve ekonomik emperyalizme karşı olması Coase’un metodolojik farklılıklarını göstermektedir. İktisadi sistemlerin çalışma prensibini incelerken hukuksal davalardan yararlanması dışsallık sorunsalına yeni çözüm getirmesini sağlamıştır. Bu paralelde Coase çözümünde her iki tarafın yükümlülüklerine bakılarak devlet düzenlemeleri olmadan tarafların karşılıklı anlaşma yoluyla daha düşük maliyetle dışsallık problemi giderilmektedir. Ancak tarafların karşılıklı anlaşabilme eğiliminde olması için mülkiyet haklarının belirgin olarak tanımlanması gerekmektedir. Dolaysıyla Coase’un metodolojisi iktisadi problemlerin çözümünde hukukun önemli olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Coase Teoremi, İşlem Maliyetleri, Hukuk ve İktisat Yaklaşımı, Dışşsallık.JEL Sınıflandırması: B31, D23, D62, K00
Savaş Ekonomisinde Vergileme Anlayışı Örneği “Türkiye’de II. Dünya Savaşı Yılları”
Authors: Özcan Güngör
Published: August 2020

Savaş ekonomisi savaş dönemlerinde ülkelerin uyguladığı ekonomi politikalarını bir bütün olarak anlatmak üzere kullanılan bir kavramdır. Savaş ekonomisi yaşayan ülkeler bu süreçte başta yüksek enflasyon olmak üzere üretim azalması, karaborsa, adaletsiz gelir dağılımı gibi sorunlarla uğraşmaktadır. Türkiye II. Dünya Savaşı’na katılmayarak tarafsız kalmıştır. Buna rağmen savaşa sürekli hazır olmak zorunda kaldığından savaş ekonomisi uygulamak durumunda kalmıştır. II. Dünya Savaşı sürecinde askeri harcamaların yükselmesi, ordunun ihtiyaçlarının giderilmesi, ithalatın daralması ekonomik yapıyı olumsuz etkilerken erkek işgücünün savaşa katılması sonucunda kadın ve çocuk emeği yetersiz kalmış ve üretim düşmüştür. Bu dönemde ek askeri harcamaların finansmanı, azalan üretim ve daralan ithalat sorunları, karaborsa, adaletsiz gelir dağılımı, enflasyon ve iaşe sorunları sorun teşkil etmiştir. Bu sorunlar neticesinde yeni vergiler konması ve mevcut vergilerin düzenlemesi düşünülmüştür. Bu kapsamda varlık vergisi, toprak mahsulleri vergisi ve ayni muamele vergisi getirilmiştir. Çalışmada savaş ekonomisi, II. Dünya Savaşı sürecinde Türkiye’de sosyoekonomik yapı ile savaş dönemindeki vergileme anlayışı üzerinde durulacaktır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Savaş Ekonomisi, Savaş, Vergi, Varlık Vergisi, Toprak Mahsulleri Vergisi.JEL Sınıflandırması: H12, H20, H50.
Characteristics Of Treating Arabic Grammar In Educational Books For Russian Orientalists/ خصائص معالجة النحو العربي في كتب تعليمية للمستشرقين الروس
Authors: Yakşi Mukarama
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to identify the characteristics of grammatical rules treatment in educational books of Russian orientalists in teaching the Arabic language.  Because of the rare study, this topic. This paper analyzes and evaluates one of the books of teaching Arabic grammar to non-Arabic speakers. It aims to reveal its different aspects in organizing and using grammatical rules, determining what is useful for them in teaching Arabic grammar to help in using the target language, and making some recommendations that contribute to this. The results are indicating that the book's treatment of grammatical rules is distinctly different. That follows the functional progression and focuses on the treatment of the similarities and differences between the grammatical of Arabic and Russian languages. Furthermore, it is interesting to provide how to use the rules, so that the learner can gradually form compound and straightforward sentences, which helps him use the target language.
Mathematics students’ writing skills: Assesment in higher education with Rasch model
Authors: Agustiani Riza , Hartatiana Hartatiana , Wardani Ambarsari Kusuma
Published: August 2020

The aim of this research is to describe the students’ scientific writing skills of mathematics education. This research is descriptive qualitative research. Research subject is choosen by using purposive sampling technique. Research subject is choosen based on variety of batch, grade point average (GPA) dan Thesis Processing Duration (TPD). Data collection techniques in this research are document studies (documentation methods) and interviews. The document study was carried out by 2 researchers (chairman and researcher members) and 2 other lecturers of Mathematics Education Study Program to obtain data about writing scientific work for research subjects. The interview was conducted after the results of the first data analysis were obtained as confirmation media and deeper exploration of the profile of the research subjects. This study provides an overview of the carrying capacity of the GPA characteristics, the value of Indonesian Language, the value of Research Methods, and TPD. The four characteristics do not significantly support the students’ cientific writing skills of the mathematics education study program.
The Quality of Platform Employment: Unstable (Precarious) Forms, Regulatory Practices, Challenges for Russia
Authors: Chernykh Ekaterina A.
Published: August 2020

Under the influence of a number of economic, technological and demographic drivers, platform employment has radically increased in the world over the past decade. The regulation of platform employment is an important issue concerning the labor market as a whole and its individual actors. Currently, regulation is provided by the platforms themselves. Such forms of regulation can lead to unfair competition between platforms, the problem of confidentiality of personal data, information asymmetry. Despite the potential of digital labor platforms in terms of providing new employment opportunities, the elements of precarious employment with the development of platforms are expanding their penetration into the sphere of labor relations. Thus, improving the quality of working life will require government intervention and labor compliance. It is necessary to create legal norms that provide basic protection for workers, transparency and equal conditions for all participants in platform employment. This is recognized by both labor market experts, labor unions, and politicians. The article analyzes the international experience in regulating digital labor platforms. The necessity of regulation of platform employment is substantiated. A number of practical recommendations relevant to the Russian Federation have been made, problem fields have been identified that require further research.
Corporation's Criminal Liability in Indonesia: A Response to the Weak Enforcement of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Kurniawan Syukri , Disemadi Hari Sutra
Published: August 2020

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a corporate commitment to contribute to sustainable economic development by focusing on the balance between attention to economic, social, and environmental aspects. This paper argues that corporations are subject to criminal law, which can be subject to criminal liability if they do not carry out CSR obligations. This study aims to find out the linkage of sanctions arrangements and the urgency of regulations on criminal liability if the corporation does not carry out CSR obligations. In practice, CSR is only based on corporate awareness and commitment. In the meantime, CSR enforcement's most basic weakness is the absence of strict sanctions for corporations that deny CSR, especially in terms of criminal sanctions. Instead, the sanction is limited to administrative as set out in Act No. 25/2007 on Investment, with a lack of legislation governing criminal sanctions against CSR prevention. In so doing, there is a need to introduce sanctions against corporations that deny CSR, by taking into account adverse impacts to the environment and community.

KEYWORDS: Corporate Social Responsibility, Criminal Liability, Corporations.
CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS TO KNOW THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ SELF-CONCEPT IN JETIS SUB DISTRICT, BANTUL REGENCY
Authors: Firmansyah Firmansyah , Rozanah Katrina Herda  , Angga Damayanto  , Fajar Sidik
Published: August 2020

This research aimed to know the factors that influenced elementary students’ self-concept in Jetis Sub District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. The subject of this research consisted of 200 fourth grade students from four different elementary schools in Jetis Sub District. The result showed the fit model with one dimension. The value of each fit parameter of GFI, RMSEA, NFI, IFI, CFI, TLI, and AGFI was 0.958, 0.066, 0.953, 0.976, 0.976, 0.967, and 0.958. All factors or dimensions in self-concept instrument had good reliability by looking at the value of CR ≥ 0,7 categorizing as good reliability, while the value between 0,6 and 0,7 considered to acceptable reliability by underlining that the indicator has load factor that matched the criteria. The internal consistency could be measured by using Average Variance Extracted (AVE). The AVE value that was recommended was ≥ 0,5. This clearly showed that self-concept has validity evidence of internal structure. Moreover, self-concept has convergent and discriminant validity. The self-concept reliability was considered good, so it will give a relatively consistent result when there is re-measurement.
DEVELOPMENT OF ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS BASED ON HOTS AT SURABAYA VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Hartono Rudi , Pahlevi Triesninda
Published: August 2020

This study aims to produce assessment instruments according to Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in General Administration subjects at Basic Competencies 3.9 The Implementation of Office Layout, and 3.10 The Implementation of  Communication in the Workplace as many as 40 items of multiple-choice, and to decide the feasibility level of the questions in measuring students' HOTS based on the validation results from the material expert, evaluation expert, and linguist. This study is Research and Development (R&D) adapted Sugiyono's development model that has been adopted into 5 stages: potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, and design revision. Then, the research instruments used by the researcher were the validation sheet from the expert of material, evaluation, and the linguist. Furthermore, the validation result from the material expert was 98.3% (very strong). Besides, the validation result of the evaluation expert was 100% (very strong). Moreover, the validation results from the linguist were 98.7% (very strong). Therefore, the average validation result was 99% with the interpretations of criteria were "very strong" and feasible to use. In conclusion, the development of assessment instruments based on HOTS at Surabaya vocational high school was feasible to use in measuring students' HOTS.

Keywords: An Assessment Instrument Development, General Administration, HOTS.
A STUDY ON SELF PERCEIVED ASSESSMENT SKILLS OF BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Yar Zar Chit
Published: August 2020

The main of this study was to investigate the self-perceived assessment skills of basic education teachers. A total of 228 teachers from primary, middle and high schools (public and private schools) at Pyawbwe Township in Myanmar participated in this study. Descriptive research design and survey method were used in this study.  An instrument: Self-Perceived Assessment Skills Questionnaire was used to collect required data. According to the results, there were significant differences in teachers’ constructing, administering assessment skills, and performance assessment skills by gender at 0.05 levels. Similarly, there were also significant differences in teachers’ grading skills and overall self-perceived assessment skills by gender at 0.01 levels. Besides, it was also found that there were significant differences in teachers’ performance assessment skills and grading skills by school type at 0.05 levels. Moreover, in the comparison of teachers’ self-perceived assessment skills by position, the mean score of junior teachers is the highest and the mean score of primary teachers is the lowest.  Similarly, in the comparison of teachers’ self-perceived assessment skills by service, the mean score of teachers who have above 30-years service is the highest. Finally, this study expects that the school administrators can get any idea to recover and promote the teachers’ assessment skills with the cooperation of experts.
Evaluation of the National Objectives of Early Childhood Care Education (ECCE) Programme in Gwagwalada Area Council of FCT, Abuja, Nigeria.
Authors: Ogunode Niyi Jacob
Published: August 2020

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the national objectives of Early Childhood Care Education (ECCE) programme in Gwagwalada Area Council of FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. The research designed method adopted for this study was descriptive survey. The method used for selecting the sample of the study was purposive random sampling technique. 200 respondents were selected for simple sampling techniques. Questionnaire was used for data collection in the study and the reliability of the instrument was determined by using split-half method. The results the research showed that the national objectives of the Early Childhood Care Education (ECCE) includes; effect on a smooth transition from home to school, prepare the child for the primary level of education, provide adequate care and supervision for the children while their parents are at work (on the farm, in the market or offices), instill the social norms, instill the spirit of inquiry and creativity through the exploration of nature, the environment, art, music, playing with toys and so on, develop a sense of cooperation and team spirit, learn good habits, especially good health habits and teach the basics of numbers, letters, colours, shapes, forms and so on through playing. It has been achieved to the moderate extent in all the centres of sample in Gwagwalada area, council of FCT.
FACULTY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION SYSTEM OF STATE UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES IN THE PHILIPPINE EASTERN VISAYAS REGION
Authors: Patimo Donald
Published: August 2020

The main concern of this study was the assessment of the faculty performance evaluation system of State Universities and Colleges in the Philippine Eastern Visayas Region. Specifically, the study sought answers to research questions on how the faculty performance is evaluated with regards to evaluation procedures, instruments, and criteria and what is the present and desired faculty performance evaluation system considering the standards on utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy. In search of answers to the abovementioned research questions, the researcher made use of the descriptive-assessment research design. The respondents of this study were administrators, faculty members, and students from the main campuses of State Universities and Colleges in Philippine Eastern Visayas Region. As result, the researcher found out that the most common evaluation procedure used were administrative observation in the class and the administration of appraisal instrument. Rating scales were extensively employed evaluation instrument and the most commonly used evaluation criteria were teaching commitment, mastery of the subject matter, teaching for independent learning, and classroom management. In addition, the SUCs in the Eastern Visayas Region of the Philippines unanimously expressed their desire to implement a faculty performance evaluation system that adheres to the standards of utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy. At the present, the existing faculty performance evaluation system of SUCs in the Eastern Visayas Region of the Philippines generally followed the standards on utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy.
A COMPARISON STUDY: TEACHER, PEER AND SELF-FEEDBACK ON STUDENTS ESSAY WRITING
Authors: Sudarmaji Imam , Bunga Lifanie Marlien
Published: August 2020

The aim of this research was to know whether there are significant affection of reduction language error in students essay writing by using peer, teacher and self-feedback and to investigate which the best one of the strategies on reduction language error in students essay writing. The 126 tenth grade students of one senior high school in Tangerang were chosen as the sample which taken by non-random using purposive sampling. This research used experimental method with three experimental groups design. Students’ test for pre-test and post-test were used by the researcher to collect the data. The hypothesis data was tested using formula of t-test. The result showed that there was a significant effect used peer, teacher and self-feedback on reduction language error in students writing essay at the tenth grade of senior high school, but teacher feedback is better strategy than peer and self-feedback. It means that the three feedback strategies in reducing language error are effective on improving students writing skill and the teacher feedback strategy is the most effective one among the other strategies