bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WORLD AND NATIONAL FITNESS TRENDS 2019
Authors: Vorobiova Anastasiia
Published: August 2019

The sphere of fitness develops dynamically and is one of the most profitable in the world and, as a result, investment attractive. Nevertheless, the competitive ability of a fitness club depends on the speed with which the new directions are introduced in it and what range of services they provide to clients. That is why it is important to be able to foresee the most popular trends and the ways of their adaptation to a concept of a particular fitness club.

The objective - comparison of world and national trends and an attempt to evaluate tendencies of fitness industry development in Ukraine.

Methods. The research is based on the analysis of sources of literature as well as thoughts of experts concerning perspectives of fitness development in Ukraine.

Results. The comparison of the world and national (the USA, China, Spain) trends of 2018 has allowed to discover that world trends reflect the USA trends by 95% and only by a half – trends of the other represented countries. It is connected with the fact that in the research for revealing of the world trends out of representatives of 41 countries – 91,3 % respondents are from the USA. The author does not highlight this in the original article. The present fact proves the necessity of research of national trends specifically and not to focus on the «world» tendencies, as they reflect development prospects mostly in one country (USA). This statement is true and for the trends of 2019, because the study of this issue in Spain coincides with the results of the world rating only by 60 %.

Conclusions. Such researches have not been conducted in Ukraine, but specialists stress the growth in the popularity of such directions in the future: child fitness, fitness for older adults, experienced and educated fitness professionals, exercise and weight loss, securing safety and quality of fitness services, nutrition guidance (trends are presented in no particular order). In general, fitness professionals consider the necessity of forming fitness culture among the population of various cities and villages of all the regions in Ukraine to be an overriding necessity for the development of the fitness sphere.
METODE EKSTRAKSI DNA TANAMAN TANPA PRESIPITASI ETANOL UNTUK KEGIATAN POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)
Authors: Nugroho Kristianto , Terryana Rerenstradika Tizar , Reflinur . , Lestari Puji
Published: August 2019

A Simplified Plant DNA Extraction Protocol without Ethanol Precipitation for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Activities ABSTRACTMolecular-based research in agriculture includes DNA extraction stage involving DNA precipitation using ethanol or isopropanol which tends to take a long time. The purpose of this study was to obtain a plant DNA extraction method for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) activities without going through the ethanol precipitation stage. Five important agricultural commodity crops, namely rice, corn, soybeans, chilies, and shallots were extracted by DNA using the modified Doyle and Doyle method. After the extraction phase using chloroform and isoamil alcohol solvents, the supernatant obtained was not precipitated using ethanol but was directly diluted and used as a template in PCR activities using two pairs of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. The results showed that all samples could be well amplified, and amplicon tape visualized in both 1% agarose gel and 6% polyacrylamide gel were clearly visible. This method could save time and material, and reduce the dependence on liquid nitrogen. But this method is still limited to PCR requirements only, and cannot be used for activities that require high quality and quantity of DNA such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), digestion, and hybridization.Keywords: DNA extraction, ethanol precipitation, liquid nitrogen, PCR, SSR,  ABSTRAKPenelitian berbasis molekuler pada bidang pertanian mencakup tahapan ekstraksi DNA yang melibatkan presipitasi DNA menggunakan etanol atau isopropanol yang cenderung memakan waktu lama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh metode ekstraksi DNA tanaman untuk kegiatan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tanpa melalui tahapan presipitasi etanol. Lima tanaman komoditas pertanian penting yaitu padi, jagung, kedelai, cabai, dan bawang merah diekstraksi DNA-nya menggunakan metode Doyle and Doyle yang dimodifikasi. Setelah tahap ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut kloroform dan isoamil alkohol, supernatan yang terbentuk tidak dipresipistasi menggunakan etanol melainkan langsung diencerkan dan digunakan sebagai template dalam kegiatan PCR menggunakan dua pasang marka Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sampel dapat teramplifikasi dengan baik serta pita hasil amplikon yang tervisualisasi baik pada gel agarosa 1% maupun gel poliakrilamid 6% terlihat jelas. Metode ini dapat menghemat waktu dan bahan serta mengurangi ketergantungan pemakaian nitrogen cair. Tetapi metode ini masih terbatas hanya untuk kebutuhan PCR saja dan tidak dapat digunakan untuk kegiatan yang membutuhkan DNA dengan kualitas serta kuantitas tinggi seperti Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), digesti, maupun hibridisasi.Kata Kunci: ekstraksi DNA, nitrogen cair, PCR, presipitasi etanol, SSR
ISOLASI KHAMIR DARI BATANG TANAMAN TEBU DAN IDENTIFIKASINYA BERDASARKAN SEKUENS INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER
Authors: Anggraini Ika , Ferniah Rejeki Siti , Kusdiyantini Endang
Published: August 2019

Isolation of Yeasts from Sugarcane Stems and Their Identification Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences ABSTRACTFermentative yeasts used in food, health, and energy industries need to be explored to discover their potential. The purpose of this study was to obtain fermentative yeast isolates from sugarcane stems and subsequently to undertake morphological, biochemical, and molecular identification. The isolation of epiphytic and endophytic yeasts was carried out by spread plate method using sugarcane soak water and sugarcane juice on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and yeast-glucose-peptone (YGP) agar media. Morphological identification was based on macroscopic and microscopic observations. Biochemical identification was performed using carbohydrate fermentation and 50%-glucose media tests. Selected isolates were identified molecularly using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Seven yeast isolates were obtained, of which isolate Ed 1B was selected. Isolate ED 1B was of round colonies, creamy white colour, shiny, embossed, and wavy appearance, ovoid cell shape with a cell diameter of 4.74 µm. It had budding cells, was able to ferment glucose and sucrose (but not lactose), and grew on 50 %-glucose media. Results of BLAST showed that isolates Ed 1B had 99% homology with Kodamaea ohmeri.Keywords: isolation, ITS, molecular identification, Saccharum officinarum L., yeast ABSTRAKKhamir fermentatif yang digunakan dalam industri pangan, kesehatan dan energi perlu dieksplorasi untuk mengetahui potensinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh isolat khamir fermentatif dari batang tebu dan untuk kemudian diidentifikasi secara morfologi, biokimia dan molekuler. Isolasi khamir epifit dan endofit dilakukan dengan metode cawan sebar dari air rendaman tebu dan jus tebu pada media potato dextrose agar (PDA) dan yeast-glucose-peptone (YGP). Identifikasi morfologi berdasarkan pengamatan makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Identifikasi biokimia menggunakan uji fermentasi karbohidrat dan uji media glukosa 50%. Isolat terpilih diidentifikasi molekuler menggunakan Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Hasil isolasi memperoleh 7 isolat khamir. Satu isolat terpilih (Ed 1B) didapatkan dan memiliki ciri-ciri koloni bulat, putih krem, mengkilap, timbul, bergelombang, bentuk sel ovoid dengan diameter sel 4,74 µm, memiliki budding cell, mampu memfermentasi glukosa dan sukrosa, tidak memfermentasi laktosa, serta tumbuh pada media glukosa 50%. Hasil BLAST menunjukkan bahwa isolat Ed 1B memiliki homologi 99% dengan Kodamaea ohmeri.Kata Kunci: identifikasi molekuler, isolasi, ITS, khamir, Saccharum officinarum L.
Analisa Tekuk Pada Kapal FERRY RO-RO
Authors: Wulandari Amalia Ika , Nurmawati Nurmawati , Dianiswara Anggoronadhi
Published: August 2019

Para perancang struktur kapal dapat menentukan jarak gading  yang optimal dengan batasan resiko tekuk pada pelat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui beban batas lateral pada masing-masing jarak gading sehingga dapat diketahui resiko tekuk yang terjadi pada pelat. Tekuk adalah suatu ragam kegagalan yang diakibatkan oleh ketidakstabilan suatu elemen struktur yang diepengaruhi oleh aksi beban. Kegagalan yang diakibatkan oleh ketidakstabilan dapat terjadi pada berbagai material. Pada saat tekuk terjadi, taraf gaya internal dapat sangat rendah. Fenomena tekuk berkaitan dengan kekakuan elemen struktur. Kekuatan tekuk pada setiap bagian struktur dapat dievalusi dengan menggunakan konsep tegangan tekuk kritis. Besarnya tegangan tekuk kritis berhubungan dengan persamaan klasik tekuk Euler dan bergantung pada apakah tekuk ini terjadi pada kondisi elastis dan tidak elastis. Penurunan beban berbanding terbalik dengan kenaikan jarak gading,semakin jauh jarak gading maka semakin kecil beban yang dibutuhkan agar pelat mengalami tekuk.
Measuring and Comparing Aggregation Inconsistency for Chinese Titles in Two Library Catalogues
Authors: Arsenault Clément
Published: August 2019

When recording titles in vernacular Chinese characters or in their Romanized form, either a monosyllabic pattern or a polysyllabic pattern can be followed. Previous research has shown that polysyllabic transcription helps reduce ambiguity and tends to increase precision in retrieval. As there are no clear cut rules as to how syllables should be aggregated into lexical units, polysyllabic entries are a potential source of inconsistency in a bibliographic database. The aim of this study is to investigate the inconsistencies in the aggregation of Chinese characters (i.e., syllables) into lexical words in the bibliographic records of two library catalogues. Over 5,000 records from the East Asian Library at Université de Montréal (CETASE) and 5,000 records from the Library of Congress (LC) were analysed and tested for aggregation consistency. Detailed analysis reveals fairly high consistency levels in both sets.Lors de l’enregistrement des titres en caractères chinois vernaculaires ou sous leur forme romanisée, un modèle monosyllabique ou polysyllabique peut être utilisé. Des recherches antérieures ont démontré que la transcription en polysyllabes atténue les ambiguïtés et tend à améliorer la précision lors du repérage. Puisqu’il n’existe aucune règle fermement établie sur la manière avec laquelle les syllabes doivent être agrégées en unités lexicales, la transcription polysyllabique est une source potentielle d’inconsistance dans les bases de données bibliographiques. Le but de cette étude est d’examiner l’inconsistance dans l’agrégation des caractères chinois (c’est-à-dire des syllabes) des mots lexicaux contenus dans les notices bibliographiques de deux catalogues de bibliothèques. Plus de 5 000 notices du Centre d’études de l’Asie de l’Est de l’Université de Montréal (CETASE) et 5 000 notices de la Library of Congress (LC) ont été analysées et la consistance de l’agrégation a été vérifiée. Une analyse détaillée révèle des niveaux de consistance élevés pour les deux ensembles.
Problems With COTS Software: A Case Study
Authors: Beheshti Jamshid , Dupuis John
Published: August 2019

This article reports on the use of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) software for developing a dynamic environment for an online public access catalogue (OPAC). COTS products are widely used throughout the industry. While there are many potential benefits, use of COTS components is also fraught with pitfalls. The research on creating a dynamic environment for OPACs is based on the previous work in this area, Public Access Catalogue Extension (PACE), which was developed with custom-based software programs. Although in the previous research project all the programs were successfully developed in C and C++, the present project relied very little on original and custom programming. Instead, a number of COTS products were used to construct the dynamic environment: Macromedia Director, 3D Dreams, Extreme 3D, Crossroads, and Easybase. These COTS products were chosen for their ability to produce the desired results, their availability at reasonable costs, and their capability to integrate with one another. A small experimental database with one hundred MARC records was constructed in Easybase. Models were built in Extreme 3D and converted to 3D Studio using Crossroads. These models were used in 3D Dreams to create three-dimensional environments for use in Macromedia Director.
Cómo comparar constitucionalmente
Authors: Dixon Rosalind
Published: August 2019

Courts and constitutional scholars throughout Latin America routinely engage in processes of constitutional comparison. The article, however, provides a typology of the many different ways in which they can, and do, compare constitutionally –e. g., through ‘borrowing’ or transfer-oriented, genetic or genealogical forms of comparison; deliberative, empirical, reflective and /or moral-cosmopolitan forms of comparison. Each mode of comparison implies a somewhat different focus, has greater relevance under some constitutional theories than others, and can take ‘thinner’ or ‘thicker’ forms. And each is likely to be practised by different constitutional actors –i. e., in the case of deliberative, moral-cosmopolitan or transfer-oriented modes of comparison, by constitutional drafters, lawyers or judges, or in the case of (at least thick) empirical comparison, by constitutional scholars. But each has value and relevance in Latin America. The article further draws attention to the particular value for scholars working in the field of a form of empirical or ‘socio-legal’ comparison that embraces broad attention to constitutional context (including a constitution’s institutional, social, economic and political context) and attention to the insights of other disciplines, including history, sociology, comparative politics and economics /econometrics. In doing so, it outlines some basic principles of case-selection that can usefully guide processes of comparison of this kind. But it also calls for a realistic approach to these principles, which recognizes the strengths of different scholars in studying various constitutional systems, and the need for provisional, overlapping studies, which together contribute to robust findings about the origins and/or consequences of constitutional developments.
Los métodos de la reforma informal
Authors: Albert Richard
Published: August 2019

Scholars have shown that codified constitutions may be amended informally with similar effect as a formal amendment. Yet the many forms of informal amendment are not well organized for analysis and comparison. In this article, I examine the forms of informal amendment, I classify them as either conventional and unconventional forms of informal amendment, and I subsequently introduce an as-yet underappreciated and undertheorized form of informal amendment: constitutional desuetude. Constitutional desuetude occurs when a codified constitutional rule loses its binding quality upon political actors as a result of its conscious sustained disuse and public repudiation by preceding political actors. Constitutional desuetude both resembles and differs from other forms of informal amendment: it is similar because it changes constitutional meaning without altering the constitutional text yet it is different because it renders the constitutional text politically invalid though it remains codified and unchanged. I draw from the Constitution of Canada to illustrate the phenomenon of desuetude.
Bitcoin in Troubled Economies: The Potential of Cryptocurrencies in Argentina and Venezuela
Authors: Cifuentes Andres F.
Published: August 2019

The rise of cryptocurrencies in Argentina and Venezuela in recent years shows how a highly distressed economy could become fertile ground for decentralized digital currency. This article analyzes similar traits between these two nations and examines why a collateral result of high inflation, tangled monetary regulation, and political instability could be the rapid growth of cryptocurrencies that are not linked to a central bank. Mistrust in central government authorities and national currency volatility that surpasses that of traded cryptocurrencies open a window for intangible ways of storing the falling value of local fiat currency. This article sets a general framework in order to have a better understanding of the growth of decentralized digital currencies in developing economies and continues to explain the rise of such technology in recent times in Argentina and Venezuela.
Retos para la financiación del posconflicto en Colombia: Lecciones del caso del municipio de El Calvario
Authors: Lozano Rodríguez Eleonora , Garzón Rey Daniela
Published: August 2019

In the post-conflict situation in Colombia, it is necessary to improve the fiscal instruments that allow the sustainability of the territorial entities that have been affected by the armed conflict. This document presents the case study of the municipality of El Calvario, as an opportunity to propose mechanisms that consolidate a fair and efficient public revenue system, aimed at strengthening institutional policies and tax culture, based on the lessons learned in the international context.
The findings suggest that El Calvario lacks the necessary fiscal effort to face the post-conflict, since the General Royalty System is not enough to cover this scenario given its complexity and the low institutional capacity of the municipality to design and implement projects. Nor is there evidence of a local tax regime that is consistent with the economic vocation of the municipality, nor a political dynamic that promotes effective collection.
STUDI PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI LOKAL TERKAIT INTERAKSI DESA-KOTA
Authors: HARIAYANTO ASEP
Published: August 2019

Study of Local Economic Development (LED) in Banjar district is determined from the determination Spatial Plans (RTRW) Banjar district regarding domestic Airguci handicraft industry which is in East Martapura Sub-district, precisely in the Mekar Village and the Melayu Ulu Village. This study starts from the initial assumption that there is no balance in the construction planning for urban and rural areas. The purpose of this study are: first, to develop the local economy Airguci craft based on the potential problems, opportunities and threats in order to improve the economy of rural communities, both improving the relationship of mutual support (interaction) between villages and cities in an effort to reduce the inequality between regions. The research method uses a combination of approaches, methods of qualitative and quantitative methods. Source of data derived from primary and secondary survey. Data collection techniques performed through questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentation. Data were analyzed using analysis of Diamond Porter, SWOT analysis, and analysis of the gravity of the rural-urban interactions. The results showed that the implementation of LED in the Airguci centers undeveloped and still is as a sideline activity. People especially women are actively involved in this business activity. But unfortunately, see the existing condition in the Airguci centers are not supported by good infrastructure such as roads and institutions that have not been running for the establishment of a business group that Airguci craft business activities can continue to survive. So many women who have been married, moved to the outside of the village. There are still many who choose to work in the city. Factors to be driving at the same obstacle in the implementation of the LED Airguci centers include: human resources, capital, marketing and institutional. The economic impact of the implementation of the LED in the Airguci centers, namely the local communities to help increase revenue and reduction in unemployment has not yet arrived when the harvest season.
Estudio sobre la pérdida de cabello y las prácticas de cuidado entre los estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales, Manizales (Colombia), 2016
Authors: Muñoz Urrego Laura Yined , Castaño Castrillon Jose Jamie , Bedoya García María Cristina , Burbano Reyna Fernando Javier , González Valbuena Sandra Milena , Pinilla Díaz Daniel Alberto
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: el ambiente universitario sumado a las exigencias de tipo mental, físico y demás, representaría un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de patologías capilares, que impliquen la pérdida de cabello, dentro de la población de estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar la frecuencia del fenómeno de la caída de cabello en estudiantes regulares de la Universidad de Manizales, Manizales (Colombia), 2016. Métodos: estudio poblacional de corte transversal analítico, en una muestra de 330 estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales. Se aplicó un instrumento que medía variables demográficas, variables de cuidado capilar y las escalas de alopecia androgénica Hamilton-Norwood y Ludwig. Resultados: edad promedio 21,8 años. Según las escalas empleadas el 55,7% de los estudiantes presentan caída de cabello. Se encontró enfermedad autoinmune en 7,6% de la muestra, siendo la más común el hipotiroidismo autoinmune en un 44%. El antecedente de alopecia se encontró en el 42,7% de los participantes. El nivel de estrés encontrado fue moderado en un 76,7% según cuestionario de estrés de examen de Cisco. Hubo relación significativa (p=0,000) entre el fenómeno de caída de cabello detectado y el programa académico cursado por el estudiante, siendo los más afectados contaduría 85%, derecho 75% y medicina 72%. Psicología reportó la menor cifra con 27,5%. El 84% de los estudiantes con enfermedad autoinmune presentan caída de cabello, el porcentaje de caída de cabello en quienes refirieron estrés de examen moderdo fue de 59,4%. Conclusiones: en la población del presente estudio se encuentra una proporción alta de caída de caída de cabello, lo que hace urgente una intervención.
Sifat Fiksatif Dalam Pembuatan Parfum Nilam
Authors: Faridah Faridah , Zulkifli Zulkifli , M. Yunus M. Yunus
Published: August 2019

Minyak nilam dapat diperoleh dengan menyuling atau mengekstraksi daun nilam kering. Metode penyulingan daun nilam ada 3 metode yaitu penyulingan dengan air, penyulingan dengan uap, penyulingan dengan uap dan air. Dari ketiga metode penyulingan tersebut yang paling banyak menghasilkan minyak adalah metode penyulingan dengan uap. Akan tetapi metode penyulingan dengan uap ini tidak bisa digunakan apabila untuk menghasilkan minyak bunga-bungaan. Karena bunga tersebut akan mengumpal sehingga minyak yang akan ada pada bunga tersebut tidak larut dalam alkohol dan sukar menguap bila dibandingkan minyak atsiri lainnya.Dengan alasan inilah minyak nilam banyak sekali dipakai sebagai bahan baku dalam industri parfum. Selain itu minyak nilam juga bersifat fiksatif dan sifat fiksatif inilah tidak dapat digantikan oleh minyak apapun. Sehingga sangat bagus apabila digunakan sebagai bahan baku dalam industri parfum.Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka dapat dilihat bahwa hanya dengan komposisi yang hanya sedikit minyak nilam tersebut mampu mengikat aroma dari bunga-bungaan sehingga dapat bertahan lama. Dari angket dapat diketahui bahwa baik pria maupun wanita menyukai aroma parfum dari campuran minyak tanaman dan minyak bunga-bungaan tersebut. Kata Kunci : minyak nilam, parfum, penyulingan
Evaluación de la actividad inmunogénica de una vacuna para profilaxis de la anaplasmosis bovina
Authors: Lozina L. , Torioni E S. , Barbieri F , Del Río F. , Ríos E E.
Published: August 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo fue formular una vacuna criopreservada para la prevención de la anaplasmosis y evaluar su actividad inmunogénica. Se utilizó una vacuna monovalente de 2,5x107 eritrocitos bovinos infectados con Anaplasma centrale, criopreservada en glicerol en dosis de 0,5 ml. Para ello se seleccionaron 20 terneros entre 4-10 meses de edad, libres de anaplasmosis, de un establecimiento ubicado en la Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina. El lote fue dividido en dos grupos iguales, uno recibió la vacuna criopreservada y el otro se utilizó como grupo control sin vacunación. Se tomaron muestras de suero a los 0, 30 y 60 días post-vacunación (dpv) y se evaluó la inmunidad inducida por la vacuna mediante ensayo por inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas (ELISA) en suero. A los 15-30-45 y 60 dpv se analizaron muestras de sangre de 3 terneros de cada grupo para la identificación y diferenciación de Anaplasma sp mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). ELISA resultó negativa para los 20 terneros analizados en el día de la vacunación; a los 30 dpv dos terneros del grupo vacunado resultaron positivos mientras que los terneros del grupo control fueron negativos. A los 60 dpv el 80% de los terneros del grupo vacunado fue positivo al ELISA y dos animales del grupo control resultaron sospechosos. La PCR reveló la presencia de A. centrale a los 60 dpv no solo en los tres terneros del grupo vacunado sino también en los tres del grupo control, hecho que podría atribuirse a la transmisión horizontal por iatrogenia o a través de vectores. A. marginale no fue identificado. La falta de detección de anticuerpos específicos a los 60 dpv en dos terneros vacunados, no analizados por PCR, podría responder a un período de incubación más prolongado, y hubiera requerido un control posterior. Se concluye que la vacuna monovalente de A. centrale criopreservada confirió una inmunidad adecuada para la profilaxis de la anaplasmosis en terneros, resultando una alternativa válida para establecimientos de zonas libres de garrapatas. Se confirmó la ausencia de A. marginale en el rodeo analizado y la transmisión horizontal de la cepa vacunal.
Antioxidant effect of lutein protects against oxidative damage to porcine spermatozoa
Authors: Gavazza M , Marmunti M , Compagnoni M , Palacios A
Published: August 2019

Boar sperm is especially susceptible to peroxidative damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chemiluminescence was initiated by incubating porcine semen in an in vitro ascorbate-Fe++ system, a technique that allows the evaluation of oxidative stress in these cells. Lutein is known for its antioxidant effects, chemically it is a dihydric derivative of α-carotene and belongs to the group of xanthophylls. The main objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of lutein on boar spermatozoa. The effect of lutein was analyzed by two methods: 1) by adding lutein: the sperm samples were placed in an in vitro ascorbate-Fe++ system, during 120 min at 37°C adding increasing amounts of lutein (50, 150 and 250 μg) per mg of protein and 2) by incubation with lutein in an in vitro ascorbate-Fe+2 system, for 120 min at 37°C, using spermatozoa obtained from porcine semen samples previously incubated with lutein (0.15 and 0.25 mg/ml) during 24 h at 15°C. In both methods a control group (without lutein) was used. Peroxidation was measured by chemiluminescence using a liquid scintillation counter, the light emission being quantified in cpm (counts per minute). Analyzing the effect of lutein by the two methods, it was observed that the total amount of cpm/mg of protein originated by chemiluminescence was lower in samples obtained from the lutein group than in the control group (without lutein). Total chemiluminescence (cpm total) was lower in samples obtained from the lutein group than in the control group (without lutein), with a significance of p<0.005. Percent inhibition of peroxidation was not concentration dependent. These results would demonstrate that lutein could act as an antioxidant that would protect the membranes of the sperm from oxidative damage.
Direct fluorescent antibody test and bacteriological culture for detection of Brucella suis in swine tissues
Authors: Estein S M. , Bence A R. , Cacciato C S. , Echavarría H M. , Soto P
Published: August 2019

Methods available for detection of Brucella sp from different specimens include bacteriological culture or detection of specific DNA fragments by polymerase chain reaction. The use of fluorescein-labeled anti-Brucella globulin for demonstrating this antigen in animal tissues is a simple, easy, reproducible, cheap and fast technique. The aim of this work was to evaluate the gamma globulin fraction of polyclonal anti-Brucella abortus serum labeled with fluorescein iso-tio-cyanate (FITC-labeled antibody): 1) against different smooth and rough Brucella sp, 2) against bacterium of other genus, and 3) to compare direct fluorescent antibody test results with bacteriological culture for the detection of B. suis in different tissues from infected animals. This conjugate stained all Brucella sp with different intensities but it did not stain any heterologous bacterium tested. Background fluorescence associated with its use on smears from infected sources of different specimens was particularly low. Most of the infected tissues showed the presence of yellowish-green fluorescent organisms with brucella morphology. The tested FITC-labeled antibody allows a quick, effective and inexpensive diagnosis of brucellosis.
Molecular genetic diversity and relationship of indigenous sheep breeds of Pakistan based on nuclear microsatellite loci
Authors: Hussain T , Musthafa M M. , Babar M E. , Shaheen M , Marikar F M.
Published: August 2019

Sheep genetic resources are high in Pakistan with a number of different breeds spread throughout the country. However, the molecular diversity of sheep breeds is poorly understood in Pakistan. Therefore, in the present study 16 microsatellite markers were used in microsatellite on Buchi and Hashtnagri indigenous breeds of Punjab and Balochistan provinces, respectively. Blood samples from 25 unrelated individuals were collected for genetic diversity and relationship investigation. The mean number of alleles on Buchi and Hashtnagri were 3.375±1.455 and 3.50±1.591, respectively. The mean observed heterozygosity for Buchi was 0.878±0.204 while for Hashtnagri it was 0.885±0.218. The mean Shannon Index showed 1.032±0.371 and 1.070±0.412 for Buchi and Hashtnagri respectively. Inbreeding estimates (FIS and FIT) showed negative values while mean gene flow showed 10.09 and mean population difference (FST) showed 2.4%. According to these results, Buchi and Hashtnagri indigenous breeds showed considerable amount of genetic diversity. There is a decent scope for conservation, effective improvement, and designing suitable breeding strategies for sheep breeds in near future.
Dermatosis autoinmunes en caninos. Estudio retrospectivo
Authors: Sieben C , Massone A R. , Machuca M A.
Published: August 2019

Se investigaron muestras de piel de caninos con diagnóstico de enfermedad autoinmune ingresadas entre los años 2004 y 2016 al Laboratorio de Patología Especial Veterinaria (FCV, La Plata, Argentina). Los objetivos fueron identificar casos de caninos con lesiones cutáneas y seleccionar aquéllos con diagnóstico de enfermedad autoinmune. También se propuso relacionar las dermatosis autoinmunes con la raza, edad, sexo, el tipo y la ubicación anatómica de las lesiones clínicas y, por ultimo, describir las diferentes lesiones histopatológicas que caracterizaron cada afección. Las enfermedades autoinmunes representaron el 2,07% del total de casos ingresados en el período de estudio, siendo las más frecuentes el pénfigo foliáceo y el lupus eritematoso discoide. Los caninos de raza pura fueron más afectados que los mestizos, siendo la región dorsal de la nariz la ubicación anatómica de mayor presentación (35,3%). Entre los hallazgos histopatológicos más reiterados se observaron pústulas (54,1%), áreas de separación dermoepidérmica (45,9%) y espongiosis (44,7%). Si bien el porcentaje de caninos con dermatosis autoinmunes es bajo, es importante incluirlas dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales de las enfermedades que cursan con pústulas, pápulas, vesículas e infiltrado inflamatorio en la unión dermoepidérmica. La histopatología es una herramienta útil y relativamente accesible en nuestro medio, que permite arribar al diagnóstico de tales enfermedades.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN ANTIHIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK DENGAN HEMODIALISIS DI RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH GAMPING YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Husna Nadia , Larasati Niken
Published: August 2019

Background: End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) occurs when Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) falls below 15 ml/minute/1.73m2. This condition leads to Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) intervention namely dialysis and kidney transplantation. The intervention inclines morbidity and hospitalization rate which means more physical and financial burden to patients as the consequences. One of the physical side effects that  becomes a major cause of increasing cardiovasculer mortality is hypertension.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the rationale of antihypertensive therapy in haemodialysis patients.

Methods: A descriptive, purposive, non experimental study gathering medical records of 97 hemodialysis with antihypertensive therapy patients of PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping hospital who were admitted from June until August 2018 was held in this study.

Results: Majority of patients were female (63,92%), aged between 41-75 years (83,50%), and diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (95,58%), received three combination of antihypertensive drugs (38,14%) using Calcium Channel Blocker namely amlodipin (20,86%). The analysis of antihypertensive therapy including accurate drugs, patients, and dosage were 83,51%, 100%, and 97,72% respectively.

Conclusion: The use of antihypertensive drugs in CKD patient in PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping was approprite

Keywords: Antihypertension, chronic kidney disease, evaluation, hemodialysis, hospital.
DAMPAK DIVIDEND YIELD DAN PRICE EARNING RATIO TERHADAP REAKSI INVESTOR PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nurhaliza Vella , Yusra Irdha
Published: August 2019

This study purposes to test the effect of the dividend yield (DY) and price earnings ratio (PER) to the reaction of investors (proxy using the stock return). The population used in this study is of Manufacturing Subsector Food and Beverage listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the period 2011 to 2015 as many as 14 companies. From this, the sample was taken comprising 7 companies. This took a period from period 2011-2015, using purposive sampling method. The Data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression using eviews program. From the results of tests performed showed that the dividend yield was statistically not significant effect return, as indicated by the probability of > 0.05 is 0.5916. Be diffirent with price earnings ratio is a statistically significant effect on return
Urban-Rural Disparities of Facility-Based Childbirth in Indonesia
Authors: Laksono Agung Dwi , Wulandari Ratna Dwi
Published: August 2019

Background: Equitable distribution of health services between areas is still a problem in various countries. Even in developed countries. This condition also applies to the utilization of healthcare facilities for childbirth.Objective: To analyze the urban-rural disparities of facilities-based childbirth in Indonesia.Methods: The analysis in this study uses raw data from the 2017 IDHS. With stratification and multistage random sampling, 17,769 women aged 15-49 years with live births in the last 5 years were sampled. Data were analyzed using a Binary Logistic Regression test.Results: Women in urban areas were probably 2.417 times more utilizing healthcare facilities for delivery than those in rural areas. Women with tertiary education were likely to be 1.709 times more utilizing healthcare facilities for delivery than those who don't. Richest women were probably 6.556 times more utilizing healthcare facilities for delivery than poorest women. Women who have health insurance maybe 1.437 times more utilizing healthcare for delivery than women who don't have. Women who know about the danger signs of pregnancy are more than 1.514 times more likely to utilize healthcare for delivery than those who don't know. Women who do ANC ≥ 4 times have the possibility of 1.729 times using healthcare facilities compared to those who do ANC less than 4.Conclusion: There were significant differences between women in urban and rural areas in utilizing healthcare facilities for delivery. Women who live in urban areas have a better chance to utilize healthcare facilities for delivery. The government needs to focus on women with low education and poor status. Interventions were needed by socializing the danger signs of pregnancy in rural areas. In addition, it was also necessary to expand the scope of membership of the National Health Insurance in rural areas.
PENGARUH TINGKAT INFLASI, SUKU BUNGA DAN NILAI KURS DOLLAR AS TERHADAP INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Viska Vira Yulia , Yusra Irdha
Published: August 2019

This research conducted to find out either simultaneously or partially the influence of the inflation rate, the interest rate and the exchange rates of the US Dollar on composite stock price indeks in Indonesia Stock Exchange. This type or research is quantitative research. Data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression using the program eviews. The results of this study indicite that : 1) inflation rate variable has negative effect that is not significant to composite stock price indeks, 2) the interest rate variable has negative effect significantly to composite stock price indeks, 3) the exchange rates of the US Dollar variable effect significantly positive to the exchange rates of the US Dollar. Determination of coefficient test result shows that the three variable used may explain the variable composite stock price indeks 40,86% while the remaining 59,14% influenced by other variables outside this research model.
Policy Options for Retargeting the Canada Child Benefit
Authors: Kesselman Jonathan Rhys
Published: August 2019

The Canada Child Benefit (CCB) is the nation’s second largest cash transfer program, and it contributes significantly to reducing child poverty. The program could be further targeted to poverty reduction either through federal program changes or by giving each province the discretion to vary its parameters on a cost-neutral basis. This article describes the CCB, documents the eight provincial child benefit programs, and investigates various scenarios for federal reform of or provincial variation in the CCB. The article presents simulated impacts of the cost-neutral policy scenarios on distribution and incentives for various groups, with a special focus on sole-parent families, and it assesses major related policy considerations.
Expanding the Canada Workers Benefit to Design a Guaranteed Basic Income
Authors: Koebel Kourtney , Pohler Dionne
Published: August 2019

We design a hybrid guaranteed basic income and earnings subsidy for working-age Canadians that addresses federalism and work disincentive concerns associated with a conventional basic income by expanding the Canada Workers Benefit. We cost our program and propose a revenue-neutral financing model by consolidating provincial SA programs and eliminating several federal and provincial tax credits. We simulate the distributional effects of our program and financing on household disposable income across deciles and family types and discuss its impact on marginal effective tax rates and interaction with disability programs. Our program substantially reduces poverty rates among two-parent families and working-age singles and couples without children.
EXTRACTION OF THE RESIDUAL GAS DEPLETED GAS RESERVOIRS NITROGEN INJECTION
Authors: Kondrat R. M. , Kondrat O. R. , Khaidarova L. I.
Published: August 2019

The relevance and feasibility of extracting residual gas from depleted gas deposits is shown. The possible directions of the extraction of residual gas from depleted gas deposits by its displacement from a porous medium of non-hydrocarbon gases are characterized. The use of nitrogen to displace natural gas from a porous medium has been substantiated. Using the GEM compositional modeling module, which is included in the licensed computer program CMG (Computer Modeling Group), studies were made of the effect of the pressure of the start of injection of nitrogen into the reservoir and the duration of its injection period on the gas recovery coefficient for residual gau. The study was conducted for deposits of square and round shape. The research results are presented in the form of graphical dependencies of the current reservoir pressure, nitrogen content in borehole products and gas recovery coefficient for residual gas from the pressure of the start of injection of nitrogen into the reservoir and the duration of the period of its injection. Using the results of the research, the optimal values ​​of the parameters of the process of injecting nitrogen into the exhausted gas deposits of square and round forms and the corresponding values ​​of the gas recovery coefficient were established. For the considered deposits of square and rounded forms, they are 0.29 Рin and 14.8 months, 0.31 Рin and 12.9 months, respectively. At the time of reaching the volumetric nitrogen content in the producing gas of 5 %, the gas recovery coefficient for residual gas for a square-shaped deposit is 83.91 %, for a round-shaped deposit – 77.49 %. The physical nature of the process of displacing residual gas with nitrogen from depleted gas deposits of square and round forms is characterized.
ABOUT CHANGE OF THE LEVEL OF OIL IN THE STORAGE FLOATING-ROOF TANKTHROUGH ATMOSPHERIC BURNERS
Authors: Lisafin V. P. , Liuta N. V.
Published: August 2019

The authors analyze the main tendencies in the reconstruction and development of tank farms of the main oil transportation system in Ukraine, namely the use of large-volume tanks with a floating roof. The authors consider one of the reasons that can complicate the operation of such tanks that is  the presence of liquid (in the form of rain) or solid (snow and ice) atmospheric precipitation on it, which leads to the additional immersion of the floating roof of the tank into oil. The literature on the exploitation of floating roof tanks has been analyzed and it is found out that there are practically no data of measurements on the basis of which it is possible to estimate the influence of liquid atmospheric precipitation on the depth of immersion of tank floating roofs. The article shows the topicality of the issue from the point of view of commodity-transport operations on oil metering. The authors show the results of measuring the oil levels in the tank with regular appliances in the presence and absence of rainwater on the floating roof (after drainage of the latter through the drainage system) and the results of their treatment in order to determine the difference in the accounted oil mass in the tank caused by the accumulation of water on the roof, taking into account oil physical properties and the data of processing of the gauge tables of the tank. The results of natural measurements are analyzed and a simplified method of calculating the depth of immersion of a roof in the presence of additional loads on it in the form of atmospheric precipitation is developed. The oil level in the tank was determined using a standard system of the ENRAF type, and the determination of oil volumes was done using the gauge table of the tank. Based on physical regularities, the authors derive theoretical dependencies to determine the amount of atmospheric moisture on the floating roof depending on the volume (changes of the oil levels) of water on it. It is shown how to calculate the minimum amount of atmospheric water on the roof, which leads to the need to introduce corrections while determining the mass of oil in the tank using a static volume-mass method. This research has proved the necessity of introducing corrections while determining the level of oil in the tanks with floating roofs when there is atmospheric precipitation on the roof.
Basics of Taxation
Authors: Аронов А. , Aronov A. , Кашин В. , Kashin V. , Панков В. , Pankov V.
Published: August 2019

A comprehensive overview of modern taxation and the primary ways and methods of tax administration are presented in this textbook. Along with the basics of general theory and practice of taxes and taxation, general information on taxes and their types are provided in the first two parts of the textbook. The third part deals with the problems of tax administration, and effective work regarding various types of taxes. Essential information on international tax relations and agreements to reduce (or eliminate) the effect of international double taxation is given in the fourth part.
PENGGUNAAN BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM PENULISAN ARTIKEL ILMIAH
Authors: Ramaniyar Eti , Alimin Al Ashadi , Hariyadi Hariyadi
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan bahasa Indonesia dalam penulisan Artikel Ilmiah pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Angkatan 2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik studi dokumenter. Data dianalisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kesalahan ejaan berupa penulisan kata, pemakaian huruf, tanda baca, dan unsur serapan. Pada sistematika penulisannya banyak ditemukan kesalahan dalam menulis bagian pembuka yaitu judul artikel ditulis terlalu singkat dan kurang informatif, bagian pendahuluan yaitu latar belakang artikel tidak sesuai dengan permasalahan, bagian akhir yaitu simpulan tidak memuat jawaban atas pertanyaan penelitian, serta bagian daftar pustaka yaitu daftar referensi tidak sesuai dan daftar rujukan tidak berurutan sesuai abjad.
Kata Kunci : kesalahan ejaan, sistematik penulisan, artikel ilmiah
Activité anti-inflammatoire in vivo de l’huile d’argan
Authors: Kamal R. , Kharbach M. , Eljemli M. , Bouklouze A. , Cherrah Y. , Alaoui K.
Published: August 2019

L’huile d’argan se distingue par un profil biochimique particulier, riche en acides gras oléique et linoléique, en tocophérols, en stérols, en polyphénols et en alcools triterpéniques, lui conférant des propriétés nutritionnelles, thérapeutiques et préventives contre certaines affections dermatologiques, métaboliques et prolifératives. L’objectif de ce travail est de savoir si la composition de l’huile d’argan pourrait également lui conférer une activité anti-inflammatoire éventuellement influencée par le mode d’extraction de l’huile. Les propriétés anti-inflammatoires de l’huile d’argan extraite selon deux différents procédés, traditionnel à la meule et moderne par presse, ont été évaluées in vivo sur des œdèmes induits par la carragénine et par traumatisme expérimental chez le rat Wistar. L’administration orale de l’huile d’argan traditionnelle à la dose de 5 ml/kg révèle une réduction significative du volume de la patte des rats de 70,52 % (œdème à la carragénine) et de 60,56 % (œdème par traumatisme), comparativement aux rats témoins et aux rats traités par l’indométacine molécule de référence, administrée à 10 et 20 mg/kg VO. En revanche, l’huile d’argan obtenue par presse à 5 ml/kg VO provoque une réduction significativement plus faible des œdèmes, soit de 48,24 % (œdème à la carragénine) et de 45,77 % (œdème par traumatisme). Nos résultats révèlent ainsi une activité antiinflammatoire de l’huile d’argan avec une meilleure efficacité de l’huile d’argan traditionnelle par rapport à l’huile d’argan de presse.