bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organiser les masses : le traitement des archives photographiques du journal L’Humanité
Authors: Clesse Joël , Courban Maxime
Published: October 2018

Déposé à partir de 2003 aux archives départementales de la Seine-Saint-Denis, le fonds photographique du journal L’Humanité est un ensemble riche de plus de deux millions d’images. Sa prise en charge a contraint les archivistes à adapter leurs méthodes de travail. Le défi était de concilier les impératifs posés par les partenaires du projet : d’une part assurer la maîtrise matérielle et intellectuelle d’une masse de documents dépourvue d’inventaire, d’autre part, maintenir la communicabilité et l’utilisation quotidienne des images. Les auteurs présentent les stratégies et moyens mis en œuvre pour y répondre. Ils montrent ensuite comment, une fois la masse de documents maîtrisée, il est possible d’inscrire son traitement et sa description sur le long terme. Après avoir exposé le périmètre de ce fonds à la généalogie complexe en mentionnant ses lacunes et les fonds voisins, les auteurs rappellent les événements variés qui peuvent affecter l’intégrité d’un fonds photographique de presse. Enfin, ils présentent un bilan des résultats acquis et évoquent l’impact que peut avoir en termes d’organisation, de moyens et de compétences, la prise en charge d’un tel fonds pour une structure patrimoniale de type archives départementales.
Chroniques des décisions de la Cour constitutionnelle italienne (Janvier 2018 - Août 2018)
Authors: Shearer Diletta , Buzzelli Oriane , Maler Juliette
Published: October 2018

De janvier à août 2018, la Cour Constitutionnelle italienne a rendu 181 décisions. Parmi ces décisions, nombreuses sont celles qui concernent des conflits de compétences entre l’Etat et les régions ou entre les pouvoirs de l’Etat. Néanmoins, le rôle de la Cour Constitutionnelle italienne en matière de protection des droits et libertés fondamentales reste très important. En effet, elle est régulièrement saisie par les juges italiens afin de statuer sur la constitutionnalité de certaines lois qui pourraient porter atteinte à des droits fondamentaux.
Material Value Conservation: Development of Design Criteria for Rigid Plastic Packaging
Authors: Gabriel Djoko Sihono , Habiburrahman Muhammad , Endthen Palito J.
Published: October 2018

Inappropriate plastic packaging design with excessive use of color and printing ink affected to the high cost of sorting, separation and cleaning, and low acceptance level of plastic waste for secondary recycling. This research proposed design for material value conservation which elaborated with a set of design criteria for rigid plastic packaging production as key solution in avoiding value degradation of the plastic waste. The existing design criteria of products have various approach which affected on how to manage abundant plastic waste with no or very low value of materials that has been generated by daily consumption of plastic packaging. Otherwise, the proposed design criteria conserve the material value systematically which make the post use materials of plastic packaging more financially feasible as raw materials in plastic recycling industry. Widespread implementation of the new design criteria in industry will generate broader impact and more benefits in economic, social and environment, especially for countries or regions with high density of people and high consumption rate of conserved products.
Improving Conductivity Performance of Chitosan by Carboxymethylation Reaction: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Triandani Ni Wayan Pratiwi , Arcana I.M.
Published: October 2018

Chitosan has been applied widely in electrical energy storage purposes like battery and fuel cell, as in electrolyte. This research purposed on improving compatibility chitosan as material for electrical energy storage by chemical reaction. Carboxymethylation reaction performed on chitosan to add carboxymethyl groups in either hydroxyl or amine sites or both. The substitution result could effect by optimizing in the ratio of reactants and reaction condition. Carboxymethylation process on chitosan will confirm by FTIR analysis and degree of carboxymethyl substitution can be calculated from 1H NMR. Its ionic conductivity will calculate from EIS. The highest degree of substitution obtained at 64.64%. This reaction had the ratio of chitosan:monochloroacetic acid about 1:6 (m/m) and was reacted in reflux system at 65°C. EIS analysis showed improvement of carboxymethyl chitosan’s conductivity where pure chitosan had 2.7 x 10-6 Scm-1 and CMC-IV had 2.7 x 10-5 Scm-1 at room temperature.
Deposition of Sorption and Photocatalytic Material on Nanofibers and Fabric by Controlled Sublimation
Authors: Dvorsky Richard , Svoboda Ladislav , Bednář Jiří , Mančík Pavel , Matýsek Dalibor , Pomiklová Marketa
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a new method of deposition of photocatalytic sorbent on nanofibers. This deposition uses controlled sublimation of water molecules from the vacuum-gel that is patent-protected. Silica gel nanostructures are precipitated by heterogeneous nucleation on the surface of nanofibres from an aqueous suspension of silicate nanoparticles and semiconductor carbon nitride (C3N4) or graphene nanosheets. After rapid solidification of gel (at least 104K/s), the nanofibers coated with the silica gel dispersion C3N4, or graphene are subjected to controlled sublimation at – 41 °C. This technology produced a nanofibrous material, which is stably coated with a highly porous silicate sorbent including dispersed photocatalytic nanoparticles. This textile material has a total sorption surface area of the order of hundreds m2/g. Unlike conventional sorbents, it is capable due to dispersed photocatalytic nanoparticles to regenerate sorption capacity by the absorption of visible light. The results of the preliminary research confirmed the high application potential of new controlled sublimation technology in the production of regenerable photocatalytic sorption fabrics.
An Invariant Arginine in Common with MHC Class II Allows Extension at the C-Terminal End of Peptides Bound to Chicken MHC Class I
Authors: Xiao Jin , Xiang Wangzhen , Zhang Yongli , Peng Weiyu , Zhao Min , Niu Ling , Chai Yan , Qi Jianxun , Wang Fei , Qi Peng , Pan Chungang , Han Lingxia , Wang Ming , Kaufman Jim , Gao George F. , Liu William J.
Published: October 2018

MHC molecules are found in all jawed vertebrates and are known to present peptides to T lymphocytes. In mammals, peptides can hang out either end of the peptide-binding groove of classical class II molecules, whereas the N and C termini of peptides are typically tightly bound to specific pockets in classical class I molecules. The chicken MHC, like many nonmammalian vertebrates, has a single dominantly expressed classical class I molecule encoded by the BF2 locus. We determined the structures of BF2*1201 bound to two peptides and found that the C terminus of one peptide hangs outside of the groove with a conformation much like the peptides bound to class II molecules. We found that BF2*1201 binds many peptides that hang out of the groove at the C terminus, and the sequences and structures of this MHC class I allele were determined to investigate the basis for this phenomenon. The classical class I molecules of mammals have a nearly invariant Tyr (Tyr84 in humans) that coordinates the peptide C terminus, but all classical class I molecules outside of mammals have an Arg in that position in common with mammalian class II molecules. We find that this invariant Arg residue switches conformation to allow peptides to hang out of the groove of BF2*1201, suggesting that this phenomenon is common in chickens and other nonmammalian vertebrates, perhaps allowing the single dominantly expressed class I molecule to bind a larger repertoire of peptides.
Prevalence and outcomes of central venous catheter-related bacteraemia in HIV-infected versus non-HIV-infected patients undergoing haemodialysis treatment for end-stage kidney disease
Authors: Avila-Danguillecourt Nuria , Moodley Anand A. , Makinga Polycarpe
Published: October 2018

Background: Central venous catheter (CVC) haemodialysis (HD) to implement renal replacement therapy is the preferred choice in the urgent setting. Unfortunately, CVC placement is associated with multiple complications including nosocomial bloodstream infections. There is a paucity of data on the prevalence and pattern of pathogenic organisms in haemodialysed HIV-infected versus non-HIV-infected patients with end-stage kidney disease.Method and results: We undertook a retrospective study of 228 patients who were dialysed using a CVC at a tertiary referral hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Seventy-eight patients (34.2%) complicated with bacteraemia and sepsis requiring antibiotics. Removal of the catheter was necessary in 58 patients (74.0%). The most common organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (30.8%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (24.4%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.4%). There was no statistically significant difference between HIV-infected and non-infected patients with regards to infection rate, time interval from insertion of CVC to infection and final outcome. However, HIV-infected patients took longer to recover; 54.3% of non-infected patients versus 10.3% HIV-infected patients had their sepsis controlled within one week. Acidosis, hypotension, line malfunction and line discharge were infrequent signs of sepsis. Fever, rigors and raised white cell count occurred in over 80.0% of patients.Conclusion: The infection rate in CVC HD is not more frequent in HIV-infected patients, provided that CD4+ count is ≥ 200 cells/µL and the patient is virologically suppressed. Outcomes following intravenous antibiotic and removal of the CVC are similar in HIV-infected and non-infected patients but response to treatment is slower in HIV-infected patients. A high index of suspicion is needed in detecting CVC-related bacteraemia.
Long-term trends in the ambient PM2.5- and O3-related mortality burdens in the United States under emission reductions from 1990 to 2010
Authors: Zhang Yuqiang , West J. Jason , Mathur Rohit , Xing Jia , Hogrefe Christian , Roselle Shawn J. , Bash Jesse O. , Pleim Jonathan E. , Gan Chuen-Meei , Wong David C.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Concentrations of both fine particulate matter (PM2.5)
and ozone (O3) in the United States (US) have decreased significantly
since 1990, mainly because of air quality regulations. Exposure to these air
pollutants is associated with premature death. Here we quantify the annual
mortality burdens from PM2.5 and O3 in the US from 1990 to
2010, estimate trends and inter-annual variability, and evaluate the
contributions to those trends from changes in pollutant concentrations,
population, and baseline mortality rates. We use a fine-resolution (36 km)
self-consistent 21-year simulation of air pollutant concentrations in the US
from 1990 to 2010, a health impact function, and annual county-level
population and baseline mortality rate estimates. From 1990 to 2010, the
modeled population-weighted annual PM2.5 decreased by 39 %, and
summertime (April to September) 1 h average daily maximum O3
decreased by 9 % from 1990 to 2010. The PM2.5-related mortality
burden from ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
lung cancer, and stroke steadily decreased by 54 % from
123 700 deaths year−1 (95 % confidence interval,
70 800–178 100) in 1990 to 58 600 deaths year−1 (24 900–98 500)
in 2010. The PM2.5-related mortality burden would have decreased by
only 24 % from 1990 to 2010 if the PM2.5 concentrations had
stayed at the 1990 level, due to decreases in baseline mortality rates for
major diseases affected by PM2.5. The mortality burden associated
with O3 from chronic respiratory disease increased by 13 % from
10 900 deaths year−1 (3700–17 500) in 1990 to
12 300 deaths year−1 (4100–19 800) in 2010, mainly caused by
increases in the baseline mortality rates and population, despite decreases
in O3 concentration. The O3-related mortality burden would
have increased by 55 % from 1990 to 2010 if the O3 concentrations
had stayed at the 1990 level. The detrended annual O3 mortality
burden has larger inter-annual variability (coefficient of variation of
12 %) than the PM2.5-related burden (4 %), mainly from the
inter-annual variation of O3 concentration. We conclude that air
quality improvements have significantly decreased the mortality burden,
avoiding roughly 35 800 (38 %) PM2.5-related deaths and 4600
(27 %) O3-related deaths in 2010, compared to the case if air
quality had stayed at 1990 levels (at 2010 baseline mortality rates and
population).
Adjoint inversion of Chinese non-methane volatile organic compound emissions using space-based observations of formaldehyde and glyoxal
Authors: Cao Hansen , Fu Tzung-May , Zhang Lin , Henze Daven K. , Miller Christopher Chan , Lerot Christophe , Abad Gonzalo González , De Smedt Isabelle , Zhang Qiang , van Roozendael Michel , Hendrick François , Chance Kelly , Li Jie , Zheng Junyu , Zhao Yuanhong
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We used the GEOS-Chem model and its adjoint to quantify Chinese non-methane
volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions for the year 2007, using the
tropospheric column concentrations of formaldehyde and glyoxal observed by
the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2A (GOME-2A) instrument and the Ozone
Monitoring Instrument (OMI) as quantitative constraints. We conducted a
series of inversion experiments using different combinations of satellite
observations to explore their impacts on the top-down emission estimates. Our
top-down estimates for Chinese annual total NMVOC emissions were 30.7 to 49.5
(average 41.9) Tg yr−1, including 16.4 to 23.6 (average 20.2)
Tg yr−1 from anthropogenic sources, 12.2 to 22.8 (average 19.2)
Tg yr−1 from biogenic sources, and 2.08 to 3.13 (average 2.48)
Tg yr−1 from biomass burning. In comparison, the a priori estimate
for Chinese annual total NMVOC emissions was 38.3 Tg yr−1, including
18.8 Tg yr−1 from anthropogenic sources, 17.3 Tg yr−1 from
biogenic sources, and 2.27 Tg yr−1 from biomass burning. The
simultaneous use of glyoxal and formaldehyde observations helped distinguish
the NMVOC species from different sources and was essential in constraining
anthropogenic emissions. Our four inversion experiments consistently showed
that the Chinese anthropogenic emissions of NMVOC precursors of glyoxal were
larger than the a priori estimates. Our top-down estimates for Chinese
annual emission of anthropogenic aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylene)
ranged from 5.5 to 7.9 Tg yr−1, 2 % to 46 % larger than the
estimate of the a priori emission inventory (5.4 Tg yr−1). Three out
of our four inversion experiments indicated that the seasonal variation in
Chinese NMVOC emissions was significantly stronger than indicated in the a
priori inventory. Model simulations driven by the average of our top-down
NMVOC emission estimates (which had a stronger seasonal variation than the a
priori) showed that surface afternoon ozone concentrations over eastern
China increased by 1–8 ppb in June and decreased by 1–10 ppb in December
relative to the simulations using the a priori emissions and were in better
agreement with measurements. We concluded that the satellite observations of
formaldehyde and glyoxal together provided quantitative constraints on the
emissions and source types of NMVOCs over China and improved our
understanding on regional chemistry.
Linking uncertainty in simulated Arctic ozone loss to uncertainties in modelled tropical stratospheric water vapour
Authors: Thölix Laura , Karpechko Alexey , Backman Leif , Kivi Rigel
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Stratospheric water vapour influences the chemical ozone loss in
the polar stratosphere via control of the polar stratospheric cloud
formation. The amount of water vapour entering the stratosphere through the
tropical tropopause differs substantially between simulations from
chemistry–climate models (CCMs). This is because the present-day models, e.g.
CCMs, have difficulties in capturing the whole complexity of processes that
control the water transport across the tropopause. As a result there are
large differences in the stratospheric water vapour between the models. In this study we investigate the sensitivity of simulated Arctic ozone loss
to the simulated amount of water vapour that enters the stratosphere through
the tropical tropopause. We used a chemical transport model, FinROSE-CTM,
forced by ERA-Interim meteorology. The water vapour concentration in the
tropical tropopause was varied between 0.5 and 1.6 times the concentration in
ERA-Interim, which is similar to the range seen in chemistry–climate models.
The water vapour changes in the tropical tropopause led to about
1.5 ppmv less and 2 ppmv more water vapour in the Arctic
polar vortex compared to the ERA-Interim, respectively. The change induced in
the water vapour concentration in the tropical tropopause region was seen as
a nearly one-to-one change in the Arctic polar vortex. We found that the impact of water vapour changes on ozone loss in the Arctic
polar vortex depends on the meteorological conditions. The strongest effect
was in intermediately cold stratospheric winters, such as the winter of 2013/2014,
when added water vapour resulted in 2 %–7 % more ozone loss due to the
additional formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and associated
chlorine activation on their surface, leading to ozone loss. The effect was
less pronounced in cold winters such as the 2010/2011 winter because cold
conditions persisted long enough for a nearly complete chlorine activation,
even in simulations with prescribed stratospheric water vapour amount
corresponding to the observed values. In this case addition of water vapour
to the stratosphere led to increased areas of ICE PSCs but it did not increase
the chlorine activation and ozone destruction significantly. In the warm
winter of 2012/2013 the impact of water vapour concentration on ozone loss was
small because the ozone loss was mainly NOx-induced. The
results show that the simulated water vapour concentration in the tropical
tropopause has a significant impact on the Arctic ozone loss and therefore
needs to be well simulated in order to improve future projections of the
recovery of the ozone layer.
Intra-regional transport of black carbon between the south edge of
North China Plain and Central China during winter haze episodes
Authors: Zheng Huang , Kong Shaofei , Wu Fangqi , Cheng Yi , Niu Zhenzhen , Zheng Shurui , Yang Guowei , Yao Liquan , Yan Qin , Wu Jian , Zheng Mingming , Chen Nan , Xu Ke , Yan Yingying , Liu Dantong , Zhao Delong , Zhao Tianliang , Bai Yongqing , Li Shuanglin , Qi Shihua
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Black carbon (BC), from the incomplete combustion sources (mainly fossil fuel, biofuel and open biomass burning), is chemically inertness and optical absorbance in the atmosphere. It has significant impacts on global climate, regional air quality, and human health. During the transportation, its physical-chemical characteristics, optical properties and sources would change dramatically. To investigate the BC properties (i.e., mass concentration, sources and optical properties) during the intra-regional transport between the south edge of North China Plain (SE-NCP) and Central China (CC), simultaneous observations of BC at a megacity (Wuhan, WH) in CC, three borderline cities (Xiangyang, XY, Suixian, SX and Hong'an, HA, distributing from the west to east) between SE-NCP and CC and a city (Luohe, LH) in SE-NCP were conducted during the typical winter haze episodes. Using Aethalometer, the highest equivalent BC (eBC) mass concentrations and aerosol absorption coefficients (σabs) were found in the city (LH) at SE-NCP, followed by the borderline cities (XY, SX and HA) and megacity (WH). The levels, sources, optical properties (i.e., σabs and absorption Ångström exponent, AAE) and geographic origins of eBC were different between clean and pollution episodes. Compared to clean days, the higher eBC levels (increased by 26.4–163 %) and σabs (increased by 18.2–236 %) were found during pollution episodes due to more combustion of fossil fuel (contributing for 51.1–277 %), supported by the decreased AAE (by 7.40–12.7 %). Non-parametric wind regression (NWR) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) results showed that the geographic origins of biomass burning (BCbb) and fossil fuel (BCff) combustion derived BC were different. Based on cluster analysis of trajectories, air parcels from south direction dominated for border sites during clean days, with contributions of 46.0–58.2 %, while trajectories from the northeast had higher contributions (37.5–51.2 %) during pollution episodes. At the SE-NCP site (LH), transboundary influences from south direction (CC) exhibited more frequent impact (with the air parcels from this direction contributed 47.8 % of all the parcels) on the ambient eBC levels during pollution episodes. At WH, eBC was mainly from the northeast transport route during the whole observation period. Two transportation cases showed that from upwind to downwind direction, the mass concentrations of eBC, BCbb and BCff all increased, while AAE decreased. This study highlighted that intra-regional prevention and control for dominated sources of specific sites should be considered to improve the regional air quality.
Revisiting substorm events with preonset aurora
Authors: Miyashita Yukinaga , Ieda Akimasa
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Nishimura et al. (2010) proposed a new plasma intrusion or preonset aurora
scenario of substorm triggering. In this scenario, a substorm is triggered by
a fast earthward flow generated at the distant neutral line which corresponds
to a preonset auroral streamer or arc in the ionosphere propagating from the
auroral poleward boundary to the initial auroral brightening site, i.e.,
“preonset aurora”. In the present paper, we revisited three substorm events
reported as being triggered by such a mechanism related to preonset auroras,
based on THEMIS ground-based all-sky imager data. Unlike previous studies, we
examined the arrival timing of the preonset aurora relative to the three
steps of auroral onset arc development (initial brightening, enhancement of
the wave-like structure, and poleward expansion) to make the role of the
preonset aurora in the auroral steps clearer. Our detailed timing analysis
found that preonset auroral streamers reached the auroral onset arc but away
from the initial brightening site after initial brightening for two events,
while no preonset aurora reaching the initial brightening site could be
identified for the other event. This result suggests that the processes
associated with auroral streamers are unlikely to affect at least initial
brightening, even if we consider not only the presence and arrival timing and
location of the auroral streamers but also the scale of the corresponding
flow and flow vortices. We list a series of open questions for testing the
preonset aurora scenario further in future studies. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (storms and substorms; auroral phenomena; magnetotail)
The role of light as vital effect on coral skeleton oxygen isotopic ratio
Authors: Juillet-Leclerc Anne
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Light, an environmental parameter playing a crucial role in coral aragonite growth and δ18O formulation, is always neglected in the geochemical literature. However, by revisiting already published studies, we demonstrated that light might be considered as a vital effect affecting coral aragonite oxygen isotopic ratios. Re-examining data series included in a publication by Weber and Woodhead (1972), we stressed that annual δ18O–annual temperature calibrations of all considered coral genera may be compared because their assessment assumes homogenous light levels. Temperature prevails on δ18O because it influences δ18O in two ways: firstly it acts as is thermodynamically predicted implying a δ18O decrease; and secondly it induces an enhancement of photosynthesis causing δ18O increase. When the highest annual temperature occurs simultaneously with the highest annual irradiation, the annual δ18O amplitude is shortened. The annual δ18O–annual temperature calibration is also explained by the relative distribution of microstructures, centres of calcification or COC and fibers, according to morphology, and in turn taxonomy. We also investigated monthly δ18O–monthly temperature calibrations of Porites grown at the same sites as by Stephans and Quinn (2002), Linsley et al. (1999, 2000) and Maier et al. (2004). Multiple evidence showed that temperature is the prevailing environment forcing on δ18O and that the mixture of temperature and light also determines the relative distribution of microstructures, explaining the relationships between Porites calibration constants. By examining monthly and annual δ18O–monthly and annual temperature calibrations, we revealed that monthly calibration results from the superimposition of seasonal and annual variability over time. Seasonal δ18O strongly impacted by seasonal light fluctuations, may be obtained by removing interannual δ18O only weakly affected by light. Such features necessitate the reconstitution of tools frequently utilised, such as the coupled δ18O–Sr / Ca or pseudo-coral concepts.
The personal difference in absolute geomagnetic measurements
Authors: He Yufei , Zhao Xudong , Wang Jianjun , Yang Fuxi , Li Xijing , Xin Changjiang , Yan Wansheng , Tian Wentong
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Absolute geomagnetic measurement is very important work in geomagnetic observatories. It plays a decisive role in data quality control and instrument calibration. As modern fluxgate theodolite in absolute geomagnetic measurements has a high precision, usually with 1 second of arc, the measurement results are susceptible to external factors. The personal difference is one of these factors, and it has become an important factor that cannot be ignored in measurement results. In order to estimate the personal difference, an experiment has been designed. Six fluxgate theodolites were used and six observers who were proficient in absolute measurements were invited to this experiment. Then observers made the absolute geomagnetic measurements in turns, and the personal difference among the observers for each instrument was computed by comparing baseline values. Finally, the personal difference can be estimated by a statistical method.
Future hot-spots for hydro-hazards in Great Britain: a probabilistic assessment
Authors: Collet Lila , Harrigan Shaun , Prudhomme Christel , Formetta Giuseppe , Beevers Lindsay
Published: October 2018

Abstract. In an increasing hydro-climatic risk context as a result of
climate change, this work aims to identify future hydro-hazard hot-spots as a
result of climate change across Great Britain. First, flood and drought
hazards were defined and selected in a consistent and parallel approach with
a threshold method. Then, a nation-wide systematic and robust statistical
framework was developed to quantify changes in frequency, magnitude, and
duration, and assess time of year for both droughts and floods, and the
uncertainty associated with climate model projections. This approach was
applied to a spatially coherent statistical database of daily river flows
(Future Flows Hydrology) across Great Britain to assess changes between the
baseline (1961–1990) and the 2080s (2069–2098). The results showed that
hydro-hazard hot-spots are likely to develop along the western coast of
England and Wales and across north-eastern Scotland, mainly during the winter
(floods) and autumn (droughts) seasons, with a higher increase in drought
hazard in terms of magnitude and duration. These results suggest a need for
adapting water management policies in light of climate change impact, not
only on the magnitude, but also on the timing of hydro-hazard events, and
future policy should account for both extremes together, alongside their
potential future evolution.
Analysis of the streamflow extremes and long-term water balance in the Liguria region of Italy using a cloud-permitting grid spacing reanalysis dataset
Authors: Silvestro Francesco , Parodi Antonio , Campo Lorenzo , Ferraris Luca
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The characterization of the hydro-meteorological extremes, in terms of both
rainfall and streamflow, and the estimation of long-term water balance
indicators are essential issues for flood alert and water management
services. In recent years, simulations carried out with meteorological models
are becoming available at increasing spatial and temporal resolutions (both
historical reanalysis and near-real-time hindcast studies); thus, these
meteorological datasets can be used as input for distributed hydrological
models to drive a long-period hydrological reanalysis. In this work we adopted
a high-resolution (4 km spaced grid, 3-hourly) meteorological reanalysis
dataset that covers Europe as a whole for the period between 1979 and 2008.
This reanalysis dataset was used together with a rainfall downscaling
algorithm and a rainfall bias correction (BC) technique in order to feed a
continuous and distributed hydrological model. The resulting modeling chain
allowed us to produce long time series of distributed hydrological variables for
the Liguria region (northwestern Italy), which has been impacted by severe
hydro-meteorological events. The available rain gauges were compared with the rainfall estimated by the
dataset and then used to perform a bias correction in order to match the
observed climatology. An analysis of the annual maxima discharges derived by
simulated streamflow time series was carried out by comparing the latter
with the observations (where available) or a regional statistical analysis
(elsewhere). Eventually, an investigation of the long-term water balance was
performed by comparing simulated runoff ratios (RRs) with the available
observations. The study highlights the limits and the potential of the considered
methodological approach in order to undertake a hydrological analysis in
study areas mainly featured by small basins, thus allowing us to overcome the
limits of observations which refer to specific locations and in some cases are not fully reliable.
Accuracy of geodetic site velocities from repeated GPS measurements: relative positioning over long baselines
Authors: Duman Huseyin , Sanli Dogan Ugur
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Currently, GPS campaign measurements (i.e. repeated GPS measurements) are used frequently in order to determine geophysical phenomena such as tectonic motion, fault zones, landslides, and volcanoes. The coordinates of a new point installed in a study area are usually found either by using relative point positioning or precise point positioning (PPP). Employing observation sessions shorter than 24 h might still be a necessity at times. When observation duration is shorter, the accuracy of coordinates are degraded and also the accuracy of point velocities are affected. The accuracies of the geodetic site velocities from a global network of the International GNSS Service (IGS) stations were previously investigated using only PPP. In this study, we extend that study in which site velocities will also be assessed including fundamental relative positioning. PPP derived results will also be evaluated to see the effect of JPL reprocessed products and single receiver ambiguity resolution. IGS is a good data source for simulation studies and hence globally distributed 18 continuously operating IGS stations were chosen to create synthetic GPS campaigns. GPS data were processed comparatively using GAMIT/GLOBK v10.6 and GIPSY/OASIS II v6.3. The data of synthetic campaign GPS time series were processed using a regression model accounting for the linear and seasonal variation of the ground motion. Once accepting the velocities derived from 24 h sessions as the truth, the results from sub-sessions were compared with the results of 24 h and hypothesis testing was applied for the significance of the differences. The major outcome of this study is that at global scales (i.e. over long distances) with short observation sessions, the fundamental relative positioning produces similar results to PPP. The reliability of the velocity estimation for horizontal components has now been improved to about 85 % on the average for observation durations of 12 h.
Extending the life of wind turbine blade leading edges by reducing the tip speed during extreme precipitation events
Authors: Bech Jakob Ilsted , Hasager Charlotte Bay , Bak Christian
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Impact fatigue caused by collision with rain droplets, hail stones
and other airborne particles, also known as leading-edge erosion, is a severe
problem for wind turbine blades. Each impact on the leading edge adds an
increment to the accumulated damage in the material. After a number of
impacts the leading-edge material will crack. This paper presents and
supports the hypothesis that the vast majority of the damage accumulated in
the leading edge is imposed at extreme precipitation condition events, which
occur during a very small fraction of the turbine's operation life. By
reducing the tip speed of the blades during these events, the service life of
the leading edges significantly increases from a few years to the full
expected lifetime of the wind turbine. This life extension may cost a
negligible reduction in annual energy production (AEP) in the worst case, and
in the best case a significant increase in AEP will be achieved.
La vegetación de las montañas de Tlemcen (Argelia). Apariencia fitoecológica
Authors: Baha-Eddine Ghezlaoui Sidi-Mohammed , Benabadji Noury
Published: October 2018

Los matorrales en las montañas del noroeste de Argelia se vieron fuertemente afectados por la sequía y el fuego. La degradación de estas montañas en beneficio de cultivos y pastos, afecta a más del 20% del área ocupada por estos ecosistemas. El análisis de la biodiversidad en estos sitios, a través de 4 estaciones (Tlemcen, Hafir, Sidi Djilali y Sebdou), muestra un predominio de terófitos. Caméfitos (arbustos) también tienen un lugar importante en el tipo biológico. En cuanto al aspecto fitogeográfico; Las especies mediterráneas dominan con un alto porcentaje de taxones. La caracterización de gradientes ecológicos, que influyen en la estructura de la planta en la región, muestra que los gradientes fisonómicos, latitudinales y altitudinales afectan la biodiversidad en esta área. Este enfoque ecológico podría utilizarse para reorganizar los temas de investigación con un modelo global para el manejo conservador de estos hábitats naturales.
Diversidad liquénica en la península Edough, noreste de Argelia
Authors: Ahmed Monia Ali , Rafika Brakni , Tarek Hamel
Published: October 2018

Se ha realizado este estudio con el objetivo de enriquecer la lista de líquenes de Argelia donde se han prospectado 2 estaciones “Les Cascades de Vautours” y “Dar smayer” situadas a 442 y 856 m de altitud respectivamente de la Península de Edough en el NE de Argelia. La precipitación anual es abundante y cercana a los 1000 mm. Se han encontrado 73 taxones pertenecientes a 15 familias diferentes, con 8 taxones: Cladonia cervicornis subsp. Verticillata (Hoffm.) Ahti, C. ramulosa (With.) J.R. Laundon, C. humilis (With.) J.R. Laundon, Nephroma parile (Ach.) Ach., Parmelinopsis afrorevoluta (Krog & Swinscow) Elix & Hale, Ramalina siliquosa (Huds.) A.L. Sm., Usnea esperantiana P. Clerc y Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale, que constituyen novedad para la flora liquénica argelina.
José Ángel Valente y las “Dos versiones libres de Günter Kunert”. Palabra traducida: testimonio y reflejo
Authors: Valenciano Adrián
Published: October 2018

El aspecto más destacado de la faceta traductora de José Ángel Valente es el sentimiento de afinidad literaria y reconocimiento propio con el texto traducido. Desde esta perspectiva, el ejercicio de las versiones le permite entablar un diálogo poético para sumarse a aquellas voces de la poesía que representan su mismo pensamiento literario. Por eso, el conocimiento de sus versiones lleva a una lectura paralela de su trayectoria poética. A través del estudio de las dos versiones del alemán Günter Kunert, realizadas en 1964, hemos observado las confluencias que se daban en los panoramas literarios del entonces existente estado de la RDA y España, para señalar así los motivos por los que Valente, desde la traducción, expresa su propio ideario poético.
El tratamiento de la intertextualidad en las traducciones catalanas de "Happy Days" y "Oh les beaux jours" de Samuel Beckett
Authors: Cerdà-Mollà Francesca
Published: October 2018

Samuel Beckett es uno de los escritores cuyo ejercicio autotraductor ha recibido mayor atención. Su obra Happy Days, autotraducida al francés como Oh les beaux jours, destaca –entre muchos otros aspectos– por la gran cantidad de citas literarias a las que recurre la protagonista. Este artículo analiza el tratamiento de las alusiones literarias en las traducciones catalanas de ambas versiones: Oh, els bons dies de Vicenç Altaió y Patrick Gifreu (1984) y Dies feliços de Joaquim Mallafrè (1996).
¿Las traducciones envejecen? "Manolito Gafotas" y sus dos versiones italianas
Authors: Pérez Vicente Nuria
Published: October 2018

En este artículo nos proponemos examinar el fenómeno de la retraducción a través del análisis de las dos traducciones al italiano de un clásico contemporáneo de la literatura infantil-juvenil en España: Manolito Gafotas, de Elvira Lindo (1994). Se trata de Manolito Quattrocchi (Milán: Mondadori, 1999), en traducción de Fiammetta Biancatelli; y Ecco Manolito (Roma: Lapis, 2014), de Luisa Mattia. La escasa distancia temporal existente entre ambas, tan solo quince años, nos hace plantearnos el porqué de la nueva traducción. Nuestro análisis nos llevará a constatar que la publicación más moderna destaca por su esfuerzo en reflejar los mecanismos de coloquialidad y oralidad del TO, llegando a veces incluso a superarlo. El resultado será, en nuestra opinión, un texto pragmáticamente más eficiente.
Traducción directa e inversa de modismos chinos: estudio empírico de la direccionalidad de traducción al español
Authors: Li Jing , De la Fuente Isabel
Published: October 2018

Este documento realiza un estudio empírico de la traducción al español de los modismos chinos4, centrándose en el análisis de las versiones elaboradas por nativos y no nativos. Para ello, hemos utilizado seis obras literarias modernas chinas y sus traslaciones al español. Con la observación del corpus autoconstruido y las estadísticas cuantitativas matemáticas, este artículo revela las similitudes y diferencias que existen entre las versiones llevadas a cabo por los profesionales españoles y chinos en lo que se refiere a estrategias y métodos de traducción y parámetros de forma lingüística. Además, los resultados muestran la relación que hay entre el uso de ciertas estrategias y técnicas y la direccionalidad y presentan una serie de reglas estadísticas sobre los distintos parámetros formales, con lo que se consigue elaborar un complemento empírico útil para el estudio comparativo de la traducción directa e inversa.
Doctors’ Attitude and Willingness to Use Electronic Medical Records at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.
Authors: Onigbogi Olanrewaju Olusola , Poluyi A O , Poluyi C O , Onigbogi M O
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: There have been few studies conducted on Electronic Medical Records (EMR) among medical doctors who practice in resource limited settings. This study aimed to assess the attitude to and willingness of medical doctors at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital to use EMR and to identify the factors that are associated with the willingness to use EMR.Methods: A stratified sampling method was used to select medical doctors to participate in the study according to their experience and professional cadre. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data which were entered and analyzed using the Epi-info version 7 software. Statistically significant associations were tested using the chi-square and fishers exact tests.Results: There were 202 participants in the study. All (100%) had good attitude towards EMR. Nearly all of them (96.54%) were willing to use EMR. There was no significant association between age, gender and willingness to use EMR. However, there was a statistically significant association with work duration and IT skills (p< 0.05).Conclusion: Work duration and IT skills are significant factors in determining the willingness to use EMR. There is therefore a need to include IT skills acquisition in medical training so as to increase the chance of use of EMR.
User rating activity within KIWI: A technology for public health event monitoring and early warning signal detection
Authors: Andres Ellie , Mukhi Shamir N
Published: October 2018

Objectives: To review user signal rating activity within the Canadian Network for Public Health Intelligence’s (CNPHI’s) Knowledge Integration using Web-based Intelligence (KIWI) technology by answering the following questions: (1) who is rating, (2) how are users rating, and (3) how well are users rating?Methods: KIWI rating data was extracted from the CNPHI platform. Zoonotic & Emerging program signals with first rating occurring between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017 were included. Krippendorff’s alpha was used to estimate inter-rater reliability between users. A z-test was used to identify whether users tended to rate within 95% confidence interval (versus outside) the average community rating.Results: The 37 users who rated signals represented 20 organizations. 27.0% (n = 10) of users rated ≥10% of all rated signals, and their inter-rater reliability estimate was 72.4% (95% CI: 66.5-77.9%). Five users tended to rate significantly outside of the average community rating. An average user rated 58.4% of the time within the signal’s 95% CI. All users who significantly rated within the average community rating rated outside the 95% CI at least once.Discussion: A diverse community of raters participated in rating the signals. Krippendorff’s Alpha estimate revealed moderate reliability for users who rated ≥10% of signals. It was observed that inter-rater reliability increased for users with more experience rating signals.Conclusions: Diversity was observed between user ratings. It is hypothesized that rating diversity is influenced by differences in user expertise and experience, and that the number of times a user rates within and outside of a signal’s 95% CI can be used as a proxy for user expertise. The introduction of a weighted rating algorithm within KIWI that takes this into consideration could be beneficial.
Enhancing Rural Population Health Care Access and Outcomes Through the Telehealth EcoSystem™ Model
Authors: Leath Brenda , Dunn Lucenia W. , Alsobrook Antwon , Darden Madeline L
Published: October 2018

Abstract The article highlights the Telehealth Ecosystem™ model, a holistic cross sector approach for socioeconomic revitalization, connectivity, interoperability and technology infrastructure development to address health equity for rural underserved communities. Two guiding frameworks, Community & Economic Development (CED) and Collective Impact, provided the foundation for the Telehealth Ecosystem™ model. Public and private organizational capacities are addressed by comprehensive healthcare and social service delivery through stakeholder engagement and collaborative decision-making processes. A focus is maintained on economic recovery and policy reforms that enhance population health outcomes for individuals and families who have economic challenges. The Telehealth EcoSystem™ utilizes an Intranet mechanism that enables a range of technologies and electronic devices for health informatics and telemedicine initiatives. The relevance of the Intranet to the advancement of health informatics is highlighted. Best practices in digital connectivity, HIPPA requirements, EHRs, and eHealth applications, such as patient portals and mobile devices are emphasized. Collateral considerations include technology applications that expand public health services. The ongoing collaboration between a social science research corporation, a regional community foundation and an open access telecommunications carrier is a pivotal element in the sequential development and implementation of the Telehealth EcoSystem™ model in the rural southeastern region community.
Sterilization and Callus Formation of Rubber Meristem (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)
Authors: Sukamto Dwi Sucianingtyas , Maharani Lila , Amalia Siti , Avivi Sholeh , Restanto Didik Pudji
Published: October 2018

Rubber plant (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg) is one of the important plantation commodities in Indonesia because of its role as a source of income. It stimulates the economic growth around the rubber plantation area. The propagation of rubber is still using conventional methods like grafting. The technique of tissue culture through callus induction is one of the alternatives of mass propagation of rubber seedling with quick and efficient time. The sterilization method is very important to determine the success of tissue culture techniques. Therefore, the aim of this research is to know the best method of sterilization and callus formation in rubber explants. The basic media used were WPM and MS, with BAP of 2 ppm and NAA 0.1 ppm. The best result of sterilization is by soaking 5% fungicide solution for 5 minutes, 5% Clorox solution for 15 minutes, betadin 10% solution for 5 minutes, and finally it rinsed with sterile water three times. The best medium uses WPM medium for callus induction, with 0.5 cm callus length and embryonic callus. In contrast, the MS medium has 0.4 cm callus length and non embryonic callus.
The Relationship between Alexithymia and Attachment Styles among University Students
Authors: Qaisy Lama M , Abu darwish Muna A
Published: October 2018

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between Alexithymia (Alex) and attachment styles, gender, familysize, parent's level of education among a randomly selected sample of (392)undergraduate students (136 male, 256female), at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University. To achieve the objectives of this study, the twenty-item TorontoAlexithymia Scale (TAS-20), which was standardized by Dawoud (2016) and Yarmouk Attachment Scale developedby Abu Ghazal and Jaradat (2009) were applied, after verifying their validity and reliability. The results of the studyrevealed a significant negative correlations between Alex and secure attachment, while the correlations between Alexand avoidant attachment, and anxious-ambivalent attachment styles were positively significant. Also, there wassignificant positive correlation between Alex with gender and family size. Finally; no significant correlations werefound between Alex with parent’s education.
Comparison of Interdisciplinary History and Science Concepts from the Cognitive Aspect with Word Association Test
Authors: Yıldırım Sefa , Haşıloğlu Mehmet Akif
Published: October 2018

This study aims to compare and contrast the connotations of the concepts of "science" and "history" that were formedin the minds of students attending both Faculty of Science and Letters, History Department and Faculty of Education,Science Education Department at Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University. The participants of the study are 173 students fromthe History Department, including the whole education level of the department and 71 students from ScienceEducation Department including all classes. The participants were asked what they mean by the concepts of"science" and "history" and what connotations they made. Survey method is used in a descriptive research model.The Word Association Test (WAT) related to history and science has been utilized as a data collection tool.According to findings received after the analysis, it is found that there was no significant difference betweencognitive sentence structures of the students, who are attending different disciplines, towards both the concept ofhistory and science. As a result of the Word Association Test, although there are some differences according to thedepartments of education, many concepts in general are similar. When examining the cognitive sentence structuresfor the concepts, there is a need for research on the interrelationship of basic concepts with special areas. Thus, thisresearch gains more importance.