bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wastewater treatment in the multifunctional marine transshipment complex «Bronka»
Authors: Ahmad Alaa , Shilin Mikhail , Zhigulski Vladimir
Published: November 2019

The article describes an effective method of wastewater treatment generated during the operation of the multifunctional marine transshipment complex «Bronka». The presented scheme allows to significantly increase the concentration of activated sludge in such a circuit (up to 20 g/l instead of 6 g/l in traditional aeration tanks), which ensures a more intensive biological treatment process. The most significant advantage is that during purification, water passes through the pores of ultrafiltration membranes up to 100 nanometers in size. At the indicated filtration mode, the water after purification has a turbidity of no higher than 2.5 mg/L.
The release of juvenile fish as a compensatory measure to reduce the negative impact on the environment during the construction and operation of the multifunctional marine transshipment complex «Bronka»
Authors: Ahmad Alaa
Published: November 2019

This article discusses the release of juvenile fish as an effective compensatory measure to be applied at the multifunctional marine transshipment complex «Bronka». Losses of aquatic biological resources resulting from reduced zooplankton productivity were calculated, as well as temporary damage from dumping, and the cost of compensation measures of restoration. Finally, the study suggests suitable breeding species, along with its costs.
Spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetry to analyze the destruction of pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment by enhanced oxidation
Authors: Molodkina Liudmila , Tryastsina Diana , Cheremisin Alexey
Published: November 2019

The work is devoted to the treatment of wastewater from pharmaceuticals by enhanced oxidation. Some studies have shown the high degree and speed of pharmaceutical degradation under the action of a hydroxyl radical formed by the combined action of UV and H2O2 (enhanced oxidation, which was fully confirmed by a decrease in absorption in the UV spectrum. This paper shows that, unlike spectrophotometry, the spectrofluorimetry method can be used in the analyzing the process of destruction of hard-to-degrade pharmaceuticals. The object of the study was synthetic alkaloid vinpocetine, which has an indole core. Vinpocetine solutions were irradiated in a laboratory setup which included a TUV 30w / GTV low-pressure argon-mercury lamp (Philips) for 5–15 min, and also irradiated for 1-10 minutes after adding hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 100 mg / L). The spectrophotometry method showed an increase (instead of a decrease) in the absorption spectra with an increase in the duration of UV irradiation. Under the same conditions, the spectrofluorimetry method recorded a decrease in the signal intensity in the registration and excitation spectra, and under enhanced oxidation, the appearance of new bands characteristic of the phenolic group.
Study of urban river water chemical and optical parameters using PCA
Authors: Andrianova Maria , Bondarenko Ekaterina , Reinikainen Satu-Pia , Cheremisin Alexey
Published: November 2019

Electric conductivity (EC), concentrations of major ions, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, optical density at 254 nm (D254) and fluorescence intensities characterizing protein-like and humic-like fluorescence were determined in water samples of urban river Okhta. Principal component analysis for values of measured parameters found 5-6 principal components (PC), three of them were explained by loadings values. PC1 was responsible for the most part of variance and reflected wastewater pollution with dissolved salts and organic matter. PC 2 was supposed to reflect organic matter of natural origin from the unpolluted stream water. Combination of EC and fluorimetric parameters of water were suggested for pollution monitoring in river waters.
From glass dump to phytoremediation park
Authors: Hogland William , Burlakovs Juris , Mutafela Richard , Jani Yhia
Published: November 2019

The Landfill mining was introduced in research in Sweden for more than three and a half decades ago. During recent years, the focus has been on the glass dumps in the Kingdom of Crystal in southeastern Sweden. Mapping of the dumps, test pit excavations, sieving and sorting of the glass masses, characterization, laboratory extraction of the metals in the glass was performed as well as measurements of radioactivity done. The polluted soil underneath the removed glass masses was treated by remediation. At one of places at the Kingdom of Crystal a phytoremediation/tourist park was established in Orrefors including a summer glasswork for tourist activities.
Raman spectroscopy and microstructural characterization of anti-diabetic drug metformin hydrochloride
Authors: Bayramov Farid , Toporov Vladimir , Chakchir Oleg , Rud Yury , Glinushkin Aleksei , Bairamov Bakhysh
Published: November 2019

Results of our high-resolution and high-sensitivity Raman-scattering study of metformin hydrochloride, one of the most frequently used and popular oral anti-diabetic drug which also possesses anti-aging, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties is presented. It is demonstrated that rather narrow (4–10 cm−1) spectral lines of molecular vibrations are observed in the metformin hydrochloride pressed powder sample in the important spectral range of 70–1600 cm–1. Thus these “fingerprints” can be used to reveal which chemical bonds produce measurable spectral components corresponding to the vibrations of known particular functional groups and the presence of crystalline state of the metformin hydrochloride without evidence of an amorphous phase. These formulations exhibit considerable advantages and makes the metformin hydrochloride as promising model for novel developments and applications as molecular biosensor in medicine and environmental systems.
Scientific support of the fodder production: V.R. Williams All-Russian Fodder Research Institute (WFRI) activity
Authors: Kosolapov Vladimir , Rud’ Vasily , Korshunov Alexander , Savchenko Ivan , Switala Franciszek , Hogland William
Published: November 2019

It is well known that the production of green feed is very important for the cultivation of farm animals. Green food actually plays a major role in feeding dairy animals. This type of feed provides essential nutrients for milk production as well as the health of dairy animals. Recently, more and more questions arise to the ecology of feed, the soils on which they grow. In Russia, the flagship of scientific research in this matter is the V. R. all-Russian Williams feed production research Institute (WFRI). Forage production, as a scientific discipline, is focused on the study of forage agro ecosystems. The article describes the new results of the Institute in the cultivation of environmentally friendly forage crops and seed propagation, production of field feed and pasture management. Results of research of ecological technologies for preservation and use of forages, technologies of grain-fodder production and utilization are resulted.
Fungicidal activity of seed disinfectants against root rot of wheat in various types of soils
Authors: Glinushkin Alexey , Akimov Taras , Beloshapkina Olga , Diuldin Maksim , Molnár Jon
Published: November 2019

We studied the efficacy of seed treatment with a variety of fungicides for control of root rot of wheat in different soil types. The effectiveness of various doses of the preparation on the basis of thiram (TMTD and TMTD-plus) and triazole containing Dividend Star, SC has been compared under the conditions of the Southern Urals in typical soils of the region (dark chestnut, southern chernozem, common chernozem). It is revealed that the effectiveness of thiram containing preparations in moderate doses (2.0–2.5 l/t for TMTD-plus and 3.0 l/t for TMTD) is higher on the dark-chestnut soils than on Chernozem. The biological efficiency of the Dividend Star does not depend on the type of soil. We compared the five pesticides with active substances from different chemical classes: Celest Top (thiamethoxam + difenoconazole + fludioxonil), Scenic Combi (clothianidin + fluoxastrobin + prothioconazole + tebuconazole), Maxim (fludioxonil), TMTD-plus (thiram), Kinto Duo (triticonazole + prochloraz) and Dividend Star (difenoconazole + cyproconazole) at the different tillage technologies under the non black soil region conditions. The effectiveness of all preparations decreases significantly at the no-till technology compared to the plowing. Most effective in plowing were Kinto Duo, Celest Top and TMTD-plus, and in zero-till – Celest Top and Scenic Combi.
Improving the quality of pre-master training of foreign students in the field of environment
Authors: Krasnoshchekov Viktor , Arseniev Dmitry , Rud’ Vasily , Switala Franciszek , Chetiy Vladimir
Published: November 2019

The Paper discusses the main characteristics of educational programs for pre-master training of foreign students in engineering and natural sciences. The most important feature of these programs is the individualized approach together with the orientation of the program on the student’s master study area. We give the brief description of pre-master program content. In addition, we emphasize on the requirements to Russian language training of the students. We show the importance of preparing and public demonstration of presentations related to the bachelor final works of the students. Based on the analysis we give the recommendations for improving the quality of pre-master training.
Diagnosis of soil fungi that cause root rot
Authors: Ovsyankina Alla , Savchenko Ivan , Sanin Sergey , Semigonov Alexey. , Kornyukov Dmitriy , Gerner Angelika
Published: November 2019

The relevance of studying the pathogens of soil fungi that cause root rot is due to their wide distribution, high plasticity in agrobiocenoses and harmfulness. The aggressive nature of root rot pathogens, their diverse species composition and the variability of the structure of pathogenic complexes in agrobiocenoses create enormous difficulties in resolving issues of plant protection from these diseases. The objective of this work is to diagnose the species composition of fungi that cause root rot of various genera of cultivated plants.
Assessment of sanitary parameters of soils in cedar stands
Authors: Khamitova Svetlana , Avdeev Yuri , Ivanova Marina , Popova Alexandra , Titov Dmitry , Tarabuyev Leonid
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of a study of the sanitary-microbiological parameters of soils in cedar stands on the example of the Vologda Oblast of Russia. The taxation description of cedar plantations showed that both urban and Siberian cedar plantings in the urban environment and beyond are distinguished by good growth. In the studied objects, the presence of phytopathogenic fungi dangerous for trees was found in soils, such as Aphanomyces, Fusarium, Phytophthora, Pythium, Verticillium, and the presence of saprotrophic fungi with antagonistic properties, such as Mucorales, Clonostachys, Trichoderma, Mortierella, Mucor. Phytopathogenic activity correlates inversely with the activity of saprotrophs-antagonists found in the zone of coexistence. According to microbiological indicators, the diversity of antagonistic fungi with signs of high suppression indicates the well-being of the studied soil samples. Based on the sanitary-microbiological assessment in the studied cedar groves, recommendations were developed and proposed for protecting soils in the cedar stands, such as selective forest protection measures, clearing of litter, and laboratory tests to determine the toxicity of soils that affect the growth and development of cedar stands.
A simple method for the cultivation of algae Chlorella vulgaris Bejerinck
Authors: Allaguvatova Rezeda , Myasina Yuliya , Zakharenko Vladimir , Gaysina Lira
Published: November 2019

Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck stimulates the growth of agricultural plants and suppress the development of pathogenic microorganisms. Original data about on development of culture medium and selection of optimal cultivation conditions for the alga Chlorella vulgaris are presented. The most favorable conditions for algae growth were daylight, temperature 25° C and rotation at the speed 100 rpm. The most effective culture medium was of the Bold basal medium with the addition of vitamins thiamine, cyanocobalamin and soil extract. This method may used for creation the biopesticide and growth stimulators on the basis Chlorella biomass.
Structural and functional features of the rosaceae determining passive immunity to fungal infections
Authors: Kumachova Tatyana , Makarenkov Dmitry , Makarova Anna , Matasov Alexey , Chelnokov Vitaly , Konishchev Mikhail
Published: November 2019

With the help of modern microscopic methods of screening of the surface tissues of leaves and fruits of plants of the Apple subfamily (Maloideae): Apple (MalusMill.), pear (PyrusL.), quince (CydoniaMill.), medlar (MespilusL.) to model an object, and made before, the first attempts to explain the dependence of the susceptibility with the mycosis from the microstructural features. From the phytopathological studies and literature analyzed the species composition of fungi, causing loss of leaves and fruit of Apple trees in southern Russia. Outdoor, making pathogens with different parasitism are common pathogens, more reliable, more presented in the Mespilusgermanica. Higher, compared to the Apple and pear, a complex resistance to fungal diseases is found in the quince and medlar. Resistance to the first stage of the pathological process associated with such a device has, calmiramar university fruits and stomata in the abaxial epidermis of the leaves. Ulichnye cracks the leaves of the medlar - narrow, with raised growths on the surface of the fruit - now the structure of the cuticular layer.
Remote environmental monitoring in the area of a nuclear power plant
Authors: Fadeenko Varvara , Fadeenko Illarion , Davydov Vadim , Reznik Vladislav , Kruglov Vladislav , Moroz Angelina , Popovskiy Nikita , Dudkin Valentin , Nikolaev Denis
Published: November 2019

The article considers a method for remote monitoring of the radiation characteristics of the environment and agricultural land in the area of the nuclear power plant in this paper. A method is proposed for determining radioactive formations in the atmosphere and at the surface of the earth using a radar station. The results of studies of radioactive contamination in the atmosphere and on agricultural lands are presented.
Generation of hydrogen peroxide in protein solutions under the influence of thermal and optical electromagnetic radiation
Authors: Ivanov Valentin , Karmanova Ekaterina , Vershinin Valentin , Chelnokov Vitaly , Savchenko Ivan , Davidov Roman , Bruskov Vladimir
Published: November 2019

Using the method of induced chemiluminescence in solutions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bovine gamma globulin (BGG) under the influence of thermal and optical electromagnetic radiation, the formation of long-lived reactive protein species (LRPS) with a half-life of about 4-5 hours was registered. The oxygen effect was established, namely, the dependence of the chemiluminescence intensity of protein solutions on the concentration of dissolved oxygen. Using the enhanced chemiluminescence method in the luminol-p-iodophenol-peroxidase system, the ability of LRPS, induced by heat and laser radiation, to generate hydrogen peroxide in solution was studied. The dependence of the formation of H2O2 under the influence of LRPS at different times after exposure was established. Using the fluorescent probe coumarin-3-carboxylic acid, the formation of hydroxyl radicals in protein solutions after exposure to laser radiation and heat was detected. The obtained experimental data suggest that the generation of hydrogen peroxide by LRPS after exposure to thermal and optical electromagnetic radiation may be one of the mechanisms for activating protective cellular mechanisms that help overcome diseases, including those associated with oxidative stress.
Methodology for assessing the adverse effects of the use of nuclear energy on agricultural land
Authors: Nikitina Maria , Davydov Vadim , Grebenikova Nadejda , Valiullin Lenar , Dudkin Valentin , Batov Yuriy
Published: November 2019

The article discusses a new methodology for assessing the negative impact of nuclear energy on agricultural land. The necessity of assessing from a financial point of view the negative impact of nuclear energy on agricultural land and the environment is substantiated. Methods are proposed for assessing the financial damage of the negative impact of nuclear energy based on an analysis of the state of the soil and the living world. Examples of calculations of damage in monetary terms for the Russian Federation from the negative impact on the basis of studies of the state of the environment on agricultural land are presented.
World Natural Heritage of the Baltic Drainage Sea Basin: Problems and Solution
Authors: Asadov Babek , Baranov Alexander , Philippova Inga
Published: November 2019

Problems in formation of favorable environment cause search of more and more optimum decisions such as practice of preservation of ecosystems in specific territories and sites of natural heritage are the most significant. In this regard, the authors analyze some aspects of the activities of the Baltic Sea countries to preserve such territories. We pay special attention to the implementation of international conventions. They are the Ramsar Convention and the Convention on the protection of the world natural and cultural heritage. This article uses a statistical method of analyzing the data, which is presented in official sources. The main result of our research is identification of insufficient practical efforts of the Baltic States to preserve the natural heritage. The authors propose a number of actions aimed at strengthening of environmental protection in this region as an example of the Russian Federation.
Assessment of the possibility of identifying aqueous suspensions of protein-containing particles by the light scattering matrix
Authors: Chirikov Sergey , Shkirin Aleksey , Savchenko Ivan , Bunkin Nikolai , Diuldin Maksim
Published: November 2019

The possibility of identifying aqueous suspensions of protein-vitamin concentrates (paprin and gaprin) from the measurements of the light scattering matrix has been studied. Based on the real part of the refractive index determined by laser phase microscopy for paprin and gaprin, the scattering matrices of their dispersions in water were modelled. A theoretical analysis of the angular variations of the scattering-matrix elements has shown that the most reliable identification can be practically implemented in the spectral region, where the absorption of light by dispersed particles of at least one of the compared suspensions is small.
Production and application of selenium nanoparticles to prevent ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress
Authors: Gudkov Sergey , Glazkov Pavel , Zavalin Alexey , Kovaleva Tatyana , Nikulina Elena , Glushko Andrey , Dubinok Nikolay , Shafeev Genady , Davydov Roman
Published: November 2019

The technology of obtaining selenium nanoparticles using laser ablation is presented. Selenium nanoparticles in water and aqueous solutions form stable colloids. For the obtained nanoparticles, the evolution in size and in mass has been established; optical properties have been characterized. The nanoparticles were studied using a transmission electron microscope, a modulation-interference microscope and a Bruker X-ray diffractometer. It has been previously shown that selenium containing preparations can prevent oxidative stress caused by ionizing radiation. In this work, it was shown that the nanoparticles obtained by us are also able to prevent oxidative stress caused by ionizing radiation and protect animals from radiation-induced death. In laboratory mice, it was established that selenium nanoparticles at a concentration of up to 10 mg / kg do not cause acute toxic effects. It is shown that the most effective concentration of selenium nanoparticles is a concentration of 5 mg / kg. The optimal administration time is 5 hours before exposure to ionizing radiation. Also set the dose reduction factor, it was 1.2.
Method of eliminating the effect of a free gas on the measurement of water cut three-phase oil-water emulsion by the flow microwave water-cut meter
Authors: Gurevich Michael , Tsarapkin Dmitriy , Lomanov Vladimir , Batalova Galina , Lachuga Yury , Kvitko Vladimir , Denisov Roman
Published: November 2019

A method is proposed for eliminating the influence of free gas on the measurement of the water-cut of a three-phase oil-water emulsion (OWE) with an in-line microwave water-cut meter by in-troducing a specialized statistical processing of the current water-cut meter readings. The useful effect is to increase the accuracy of water cut measurements and to reduce the requirements for degassing the OWE at the stage of preliminary preparation. Additionally, it is possible to esti-mate quantitatively the extent of homogeneity violation of the working environment.
Wireless system for remote monitoring of temperature and humidity in the grain storage and grain dryer
Authors: Martyn Nunuparov , Khotemlyansky Pavel , Panchishin Vitaly , Krasnoshekov Viktor , Valiullin Lenar , Kislov Anatole , Konishchev Mikhail
Published: November 2019

Monitoring the temperature and humidity of the air in the premises of granaries and in containers with grain allows you to create automatic systems to maintain the storage conditions of grain, which is necessary to preserve its grade. This article proposes a system for wireless monitoring of temperature and humidity, reducing the cost of laying and operating cable thermometers in the infrastructure of the storage facilities, monitoring the temperature and humidity of air at different levels of grain mounds, and monitoring the temperature and moisture of the spent drying agent in silage.
Peak concentrations of ground-level ozone during the summer heat waves of 2010 and 2016 in the background region of the Kirov region of the Russian Federation
Authors: Stepanov Evgeniy , Kotelnikov Sergey , Ratushnyk Genady , Bogun Inna
Published: November 2019

The analysis of continuous monitoring data on surface ozone concentrations during summer heat waves in July and August 2010 and 2016 in a low-urbanized region of European Russia, Kirov region is presented. The values of the maximum short-term (peak) recorded values, obtained at 20-minute, 1-hour and 8-hour averaging, were analyzed. Under close temperature conditions, the amplitudes and durations of peak ozone concentrations in 2016 significantly exceeded the values observed in 2010. One of the possible reasons for this difference may be associated with an increase in the concentration of ozone precursors in the region’s atmosphere.
Obtaining of nanoparticles of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni with controlled sizes and properties using laser ablation
Authors: Simakin Andrey , Baimler Ingrid , Uvarov Oleg , Rud’ Ivan , Krasnoshekov Viktor
Published: November 2019

Using laser ablation, nanoparticles of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni with controlled sizes and properties were obtained. To obtain nanoparticles of a given size, not only ablation of massive targets was used, but fragmentation (exposure to a mixture of micro- and nanoparticles by laser radiation). The evolution of the particle size distribution function in the process of their laser fragmentation is investigated and its key parameters determining it are established, such as the energy density of a laser beam in a medium and the peak power of laser radiation. Different schemes for introducing laser radiation into colloidal systems have been used. To obtain nanoparticles that do not contain oxide films, organic alcohols (ethanol and propanol-2) were used as the working fluid. The obtained nanoparticles met the following criteria: 1). at least 95% of the particles in the preparation have the specified diameter; 2). The shape of the nanoparticles is close to spherical; 3). The composition of the nanoparticles does not include a significant amount of impurities and oxides; 4). In most of the nanoparticles, a metal crystal lattice is observed, although under certain conditions it is possible to obtain nanoparticles, both with the outer oxide layer and entirely consisting of oxides. The stability of the obtained colloid nanoparticles was investigated. It is assumed that the solvent is saturated with molecular hydrogen to prevent oxidation of nanoparticles during storage.
The mechanism for the recognition of quality and level of training graduates of law enforcements system requirements of the employer: new challenges
Authors: Rumyantsev Nikolayn , Bondareva Olga , Makeev Sergey , Krasnoshekov Viktor
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the problem of creating a system for conducting public accreditation of educational programs in educational organizations of the law enforcement system. The authors formulated proposals on the use of evaluation by independent associations of experts and representatives of the employer when conducting professional public accreditation in the educational organizations of the law enforcement system, taking into account its specific characteristics and conditions of a particular environment. With the participation of the authors, within the framework of the Comprehensive Plan for the Scientific Support of Activities for 2018, a study was conducted to substantiate and provide methodological support for conducting professional public accreditation of educational programs in educational organizations of the law enforcement system. The expected results of the introduction of the institute of professional and public accreditation in the departmental educational organizations are considered: improving the quality of educational programs implemented, the level of organization of staff training, the quality and relevance of educational services, and the image of departmental service.
Generation of plasma-activated water using a direct piezo-discharge: physicochemical aspects
Authors: Artem’ev Konstantin , Kolik Leonid , Podkovyrov Ieonid , Sevostyanov Sergey , Kosolapov Vladimir , Meshalkin Valeriy , Diuldin Maksim
Published: November 2019

Recently, interest has grown in plasma-activated media (PAM) and, in particular, plasma-activated water (PAW) in connection with their extensive applications in medicine, pharmacology, agriculture and the food industry. In this paper, we studied the processes of production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in distilled water under the influence of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) generated by a source, based on the use of a piezotrans former. The first results obtained in the study of the UV absorbance spectra in distilled water treated with a direct piezo-discharge showed not only the dependence of the RONS production on the exposure time, but also the long lifetime of these RONS in the treated liquid.
The impact of agricultural resource-saving technologies on grain yeld and quality
Authors: Gostev Alexey , Dubovik Dmitriy , Masyutenko Nikolay , Nitchenko Leonid , Reznik Vladislav , Kruglov Vladislav , Davydov Roman
Published: November 2019

As a result of the studies it is found that applied low rates of mineral fertilizers in the fertilization system when cultivating winter wheat increased its yield to 21%, the higher rates (N64P78K78) gave yield increase to 45% (compared with the options with unapplied fertilizers), in spring barley yield increases were more significant: up to 36 and 58%, respectively. In addition to increasing yields, the use of low rates of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of winter wheat significantly contributed to the increase in gluten content in the variants with cereal-fallow-row crop(C-F-RC) rotation and the system of combined primary tillage, the increase in gluten quality (by GDM) – only in the variants withC-F-RC rotation and plowing. The application of the increased rate of mineral fertilizers significantly raised the content of gluten and its quality in all the studied variants.
The productivity of spring wheat, the streams of nitrogen and agroecosystem stability with the application of fertilizers and biopreparation
Authors: Alferov Alexey
Published: November 2019

To form spring wheat grain at the insufficient bringing of nitric fertilizers the additional sources of nitric feed are necessary. They can be filled in due to the inoculation of seeds with microbial preparation of Rhizoagrin (RA) created on the basis of associative bacteria. The inoculation of seeds of RA provided the increase of grain mass by 15 %. Biomass of spring wheat on sod-podzolic soil largely forms due to soil nitrogen, the share of which reaches four-fifths of the total removal of the element when using mineral fertilizers. Inoculation increases the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency by 4.5% and reduces losses by 7%; there is a trend to increase the immobilization of N fertilizers. Stability of an agroecosystem is characterized by nitrogen flows. The amount of mineralized nitrogen depending on the fertilizer amounts to 17.4-18.0 g/m2, while the amount of reimmobilized nitrogen is 4.4-4.9g/m2 and net-mineralization (N-M) is 13.1 g/m2. The inoculation of seeds with Rhizoagrin does not significantly affect the processes of mineralization (M) and reimmobilization (RI) in anything of nitrogen in the soil. The use of nitrogen fertilizer brings the agroecosystem into a state of resistance (the maximum threshold limit of exposure (RI : M = 25% and N-M : RI = 3)). On average, over the years of research, inoculation of seeds with Rhizoagrin did not change the indicators of an agroecosystem’s stability with the application of the fertilizers.
The study of the environmental efficiency of energy production from various sources of raw materials
Authors: Gryznova Ekaterina , Davydov Vadim , Grebenikova Nadya , Puz’ko Danila , Karakotov Salys , Nadykta Vladimir , Ivanov Dmitry , Bykov Valeriy
Published: November 2019

The article substantiates the need to assess the energy efficiency of energy production from various types of fuel. The most significant indicators for assessing the environmental efficiency of the use of fuel for electricity production are established. A methodology for assessing the environmental efficiency of using various methods for the production of electricity is proposed. Research results are presented.
Microcontroller based adaptive system for solar collector parameters management
Authors: Zaimis Uldis , Jurmalietis Roberts
Published: November 2019

The solar collectors belong to the most widespread renewable energy production tools. Still, the following problem has been faced when using these collectors in temperate climatic zone – insufficient heat production during autumn-winter-spring season and excessive heat generation in summer time. However, this problem could be solved through utilization of multi-layered collector with automatic management which ensures liquid flow channeling to layers with different heat absorption and emission parameters.
Optimal properties of external building envelope for minimization of over heating
Authors: Tihana Jelena , Odineca Tatjana , Borodinecs Anatolijs , Gendelis Stanislavs , Jakovics Andris
Published: November 2019

The article investigates the influence of different ventilation strategies on annual energy consumption and thermal comfort. The method proposed for the study is the analysis of the building model realized in the energy simulation software IDA Indoor Climate and Energy (IDA-ICE) 4.7 - a tool for dynamic simulation of thermal comfort, indoor air quality and energy consumption in buildings. The especial attention is paid to application of external shadings which is not popular in cold climate. Achieved results have shown operative temperature is below 26°C.
Scientific activity in the problems of technical and economic modeling of solar stations. An example of unstable climatic conditions
Authors: Bobyl Alexandr , Malyshkin Vladislav , Dolzhenko Viktor , Grabovets Anatoliy , Chernoivanov Vyacheslav
Published: November 2019

Biibliographic analysis of the dynamics of scientific publications by the software used were carried out. In the scientific and educational field, HOMER and RETScreen programs are the most popular, and in the engineering and applied fields - TRNSYS and PVSyst. To demonstrate a typical “local” type of modelling, the HOMER program have been used for the Leningrad Region, Pushkino, a region with unstable climatic conditions.
Electrification of rural villages in Myanmar with photovoltaic solar energy on the basis of GIS data
Authors: Htein Lin , Bobyl Alexandr , Malyshkin Vladislav , Sanin Sergey , Cheremisin Alexey , Gerner Angelika
Published: November 2019

In order to be effective and optimal solar installation, especially for site selection, there are lots of things to be consider such as technical, economic, social situations, etc. For the purpose of electrification of rural villages in Myanmar with photovoltaic solar energy, using the geographic information system (GIS) is a lot helpful. According to transportation network, we can make a category,” Hard to reach villages” and again power line data can also decide which villages will be priority. Then according to population density, we can decide the size of the installation.
The exploration of seaweed biomass as a fuel for energy production
Authors: Sachpazidou Varvara , Vebere Lasma Lucija , Eihe Paula , Eliasson Gabriella , Grinberga Linda , Butenaite Dace
Published: November 2019

In the long history of coastal people, it has proven to be multiple uses of seaweeds. Commonly used of seaweeds became as fertilizers and soil conditions, as animal and fish feed, as biomass for fuel, as cosmetics, as integrated aquaculture, wastewater treatment for the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds or for the removal of toxic metals from industrial wastewater. In coastal areas with significantly high sources of algae, withered leaves and parts of the root system of the plants, regularly washed up on the shores, where they accumulate in thick layers mixed with sand and organic residues. Despite the many benefits and seaweed contribution to the protection of coastal ecosystems, coastal municipalities every year at the beginning of the summer season are removing these deposits. Once removed from the shores, this seaweed biomass generally ends up in the landfills. The management of rich seaweed residues on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in Sweden is aimed at the identification of the seaweed species among the coastal area and its transformation into a green alternative energy source. The present study deals with the exploration of the Baltic Sea biomass as a fuel for energy production. The sources of aquatic bioenergy are analysed, while technologies used to convert aquatic plants to biofuels will be also examined in the near future.
Alternative solutions for marine fuel’s composition towards Marine Strategy Directive performance
Authors: Paulauskiene Tatjana , Anne Olga , Viederyte Rasa , Abele Lilita
Published: November 2019

In April 2018, the IMO adopted an ambitious GHG emissions reduction strategy for shipping. It will shape the future fleet decarbonisation pathway and helps to choose alternative fuels and technologies. Methanol as marine fuel leads to drastically reducing sulphur and PM compared to conventional marine fuel. Meanwhile, biodiesel, as sustainable energy source, is characterized by high cetane index, low toxicity, and good biodegradation. Methanol-biodiesel-diesel blends require only limited modification to engines and fuel systems. For this reason, methanol and biodiesel may be well suited partly substitute oil-based fuels in the existing ship fleet. In order to replace the larger portion of fossil compound in marine fuel by components from renewable sources, it is necessary to develop multi-component blends. However, an increase in the proportion of components in a blend could be critical for the final properties of the blend and requires detailed research. The physical-chemical properties of the methanol (up to 30 %), biodiesel (up to 10 %) and diesel components as well as their mixtures have been analysed. It has been found that considering to ISO 8217:2012 standard and environmental requirements a blend with 10 % methanol and 10 % biodiesel is the most suitable alternative for marine applications.
The Global Energy Association and the perspectives of future development of the energy sector within the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Ignatov Alexander , Korolev Pavel
Published: November 2019

The Global Energy Association is the organizer of the Global Energy Prize Summit. The Association also performs a number of programmes for young scientists around the world. The activities of the Association are aimed at ensuring the effective development of energy in the future. New technologies are important as much as the old ones, but the most important thing is to find the way of balancing them. Renewable energy sources are playing a crucial role in the energy sector right now and new methods of using them are emerging. The world is going through the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Ongoing discussions on the topic of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and especially digitalisation of the energy sector showed that the latter is developing in two directions. First, modern technologies allow calculating the necessary amounts of energy to be obtained from renewable energy sources, taking into account the inconsistency of electricity supply to the network. Second, digital systems can predict consumer demand for energy, which is extremely difficult to accurately calculate given the development of the private energy sector.
Spectrum of random perturbations of Toeplitz matrices with finite symbols
Authors: Basak Anirban , Paquette Elliot , Zeitouni Ofer
Published: November 2019

Let

T
N

T_N

denote an

N
×
N

N\times N

Toeplitz matrix with finite,

N
N

independent symbol

a

\mathbfit {a}

. For

E
N

E_N

a noise matrix satisfying mild assumptions (ensuring, in particular, that
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper N Superscript negative 1 slash 2 Baseline double-vertical-bar upper E Subscript upper N Baseline double-vertical-bar Subscript normal upper H normal upper S Baseline right-arrow Subscript upper N right-arrow normal infinity Baseline 0">

N

−
1

/

2

‖

E
N

‖

H
S

→

N
→
∞

0

{N^{-1/2}\|E_N\|_{{\mathrm {HS}}}}\to _{N\to \infty } 0

at a polynomial rate), we prove that the empirical measure of eigenvalues of

T
N

+

E
N

T_N+E_N

converges to the law of

a

(
U
)

\mathbfit {a}(U)

, where

U
U

is uniformly distributed on the unit circle in the complex plane. This extends results from [Forum Math. Sigma 7 (2019)] to the non-triangular setup and non-complex Gaussian noise, and confirms predictions obtained in [Linear Algebra Appl. 162/164 (1992), pp. 153–185] using the notion of pseudospectrum.
Temperley–Lieb, Brauer and Racah algebras and other centralizers of 𝔰𝔲(2)
Authors: Crampé Nicolas , Poulain d’Andecy Loïc , Vinet Luc
Published: November 2019

In the spirit of the Schur–Weyl duality, we study the connections between the Racah algebra and the centralizers of tensor products of three (possibly different) irreducible representations of

s
u

(
2
)

\mathfrak {su}(2)

. As a first step we show that the Racah algebra always surjects onto the centralizer. We then offer a conjecture regarding the description of the kernel of the map, which depends on the irreducible representations. If true, this conjecture would provide a presentation of the centralizer as a quotient of the Racah algebra. We prove this conjecture in several cases. In particular, while doing so, we explicitly obtain the Temperley–Lieb algebra, the Brauer algebra and the one-boundary Temperley–Lieb algebra as quotients of the Racah algebra.
A two-phase free boundary problem for harmonic measure and uniform rectifiability
Authors: Azzam Jonas , Mourgoglou Mihalis , Tolsa Xavier
Published: November 2019

We assume that

Ω
1

,

Ω
2

⊂

R

n
+
1

\Omega _1, \Omega _2 \subset \mathbb {R}^{n+1}

,

n
≥
1

n \geq 1

, are two disjoint domains whose complements satisfy the capacity density condition and where the intersection of their boundaries

F
F

has positive harmonic measure. Then we show that in a fixed ball

B
B

centered on

F
F

, if the harmonic measure of

Ω
1

\Omega _1

satisfies a scale invariant

A
∞

A_\infty

-type condition with respect to the harmonic measure of

Ω
2

\Omega _2

in

B
B

, then there exists a uniformly

n
n

-rectifiable set

Σ
\Sigma

so that the harmonic measure of

Σ
∩
F

\Sigma \cap F

contained in

B
B

is bounded below by a fixed constant independent of

B
B

. A remarkable feature of this result is that the harmonic measures do not need to satisfy any doubling condition. In the particular case that

Ω
1

\Omega _1

and

Ω
2

\Omega _2

are complementary NTA domains, we obtain a characterization of the

A
∞

A_\infty

condition between the respective harmonic measures of

Ω
1

\Omega _1

and

Ω
2

\Omega _2

.
A quantitative single-cell assay for retrograde membrane traffic enables rapid detection of defects in cellular organization
Authors: Luong Phi , Li Qian , Chen Pin-Fang , Wrighton Paul J. , Chang Denis , Dwyer Sean , Bayer Marie-Theres , Snapper Scott B. , Hansen Steen H. , Thiagarajah Jay R. , Goessling Wolfram , Lencer Wayne I.
Published: November 2019

Retrograde membrane trafficking from plasma membrane to the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum affects intracellular protein dynamics underlying cell function. Here, we developed split-fluorescent toxin reporters that enable a quantitative, sensitive, and real-time single-cell flow cytometry assay for retrograde membrane transport.
Links of communal coping to relationship and psychological health in type 2 diabetes: actor–partner interdependence models involving role, sex, and race
Authors: Helgeson Vicki S , Naqvi Jeanean B , Seltman Howard , Vaughn Abigail Kunz , Korytkowski Mary , Hausmann Leslie R M , Gary-Webb Tiffany L
Published: November 2019

Background

Communal coping is one person’s appraisal of a stressor as shared and collaboration with a partner to manage the problem. There is a burgeoning literature demonstrating the link of communal coping to good relationships and health among persons with chronic disease.

Purpose

We examined links of communal coping to relationship and psychological functioning among couples in which one person was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. We distinguished effects of own communal coping from partner communal coping on both patient and spouse relationship and psychological functioning, as well as whether communal coping effects were moderated by role (patient, spouse), sex (male, female), and race (White, Black).

Methods

Participants were 200 couples in which one person had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (46% Black, 45% female) within the last 5 years. Couples completed an in-person interview, participated in a discussion to address diabetes-related problems, and completed a postdiscussion questionnaire.

Results

Own communal coping and partner communal coping were related to good relationship and psychological functioning. Interactions with role, sex, and race suggested: (i) partner communal coping is more beneficial for patients than spouses; (ii) own communal coping is more beneficial for men, whereas partner communal coping is more beneficial for women; and (iii) White patients and Black spouses benefit more from own communal coping than Black patients and White spouses.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate the benefits of communal coping across an array of self-report and observed indices, but suggest there are differential benefits across role, sex, and race.
Decrypting tubby-like protein gene family of multiple functions in starch root crop cassava
Authors: Dong Ming-You , Fan Xian-Wei , Pang Xiang-Yu , Li You-Zhi
Published: November 2019

Tubby-like proteins (TLPs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes and function in abiotic stress tolerance of some plants. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a high-yield starch root crop and has a high tolerance to poor soil conditions and abiotic stress. However, little is known about TLP gene characteristics and their expression in cassava. We identified cassava TLP genes, MeTLPs, and further analysed structure, duplication, chromosome localization and collinearity, cis-acting elements in the promoter regions and expression patterns of MeTLPs, and three-dimensional structure of the encoded proteins MeTLPs. In conclusion, there is a MeTLP family containing 13 members, which are grouped into A and C subfamilies. There are 11 pairs of MeTLPs that show the duplication which took place between 10.11 and 126.69 million years ago. Two MeTLPs 6 and 9 likely originate from one gene in an ancestral species, may be common ancestors for other MeTLPs and would most likely not be eligible for ubiquitin-related protein degradation because their corresponding proteins (MeTLPs 6 and 9) have no the F-box domain in the N-terminus. MeTLPs feature differences in the number from TLPs in wheat, apple, Arabidopsis, poplar and maize, and are highlighted by segmental duplication but more importantly by the chromosomal collinearity with potato StTLPs. MeTLPs are at least related to abiotic stress tolerance in cassava. However, the subtle differences in function among MeTLPs are predictable partly because of their differential expression profiles, which are coupled with various cis‑acting elements existing in the promoter regions depending on genes.
Observations on the Tear Trough
Authors: Ramesh Sathyadeepak , Goldberg Robert Alan , Wulc Allan Edward , Brackup Alan Bart
Published: November 2019

Background

The tear trough is a prominent structure of the midface. Many surgical and nonsurgical techniques have been devised to efface this feature.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to define an aesthetically pleasing tear trough and understand the effect of various surgical procedures on its appearance.

Methods

We undertook a retrospective review of “ideal” subjects (ie, young men and women as well as male and female models) as well as surgical patients undergoing lower blepharoplasty with fat excision, fat transposition, erbium laser resurfacing of the eyelids and midface, or endoscopic midface lifting. Marginal reflex distance-2, lower eyelid length, and nasojugal fold depth were measured and analyzed for all patients.

Results

The nasojugal fold was significantly less prominent in ideal female models than in all other groups (P < 0.0001). Lower eyelid length was significantly shorter after fat excisional lower blepharoplasty, laser resurfacing, and midface lift (P < 0.0001), and did not change after fat transpositional lower blepharoplasty. Postsurgical reduction in lower eyelid length was significantly less with fat transpositional lower blepharoplasty than in all other groups (P < 0.0001). The nasojugal fold was significantly effaced after all types of procedures (P < 0.0001), but was significantly more effaced after fat transpositional lower blepharoplasty (P < 0.01) than after all other procedures.

Conclusions

A slight, medial tear trough is present in youth in many patients. The clinical tear trough is a virtual topographic structure distinct from the anatomic tear trough ligament and can be altered in a variety of ways.

Level of Evidence: 4