bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s disease: a critical appraisal
Authors: Weinstock Marta
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Mutations in genes and precursors of β amyloid (Aβ) are found in the familial form of the disease. This led to the evaluation of seven monoclonal antibodies against Aβ in subjects with AD, two of which were approved for use by the FDA. They caused only a small improvement in cognitive function, probably because they were given to those with much more prevalent sporadic forms of dementia. They also have potentially serious adverse effects. Oxidative stress and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines are present in all subjects with AD and are well correlated with the degree of memory impairment. Drugs that affect these processes include TNFα blocking antibodies and MAPK p38 inhibitors that reduce cognitive impairment when given for other inflammatory conditions. However, their adverse effects and inability to penetrate the brain preclude their use for dementia. Rosiglitazone is used to treat diabetes, a risk factor for AD, but failed in a clinical trial because it was given to subjects that already had dementia. Ladostigil reduces oxidative stress and suppresses the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from activated microglia without blocking their effects. Chronic oral administration to aging rats prevented the decline in memory and suppressed overexpression of genes adversely affecting synaptic function in relevant brain regions. In a phase 2 trial, ladostigil reduced the decline in short-term memory and in whole brain and hippocampal volumes in human subjects with mild cognitive impairment and had no more adverse effects than placebo.
The Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio modulates aggregation in beta-amyloid oligomers and drives metabolic changes and cellular dysfunction
Authors: Haessler Annika , Gier Stefanie , Jung Nathalie , Windbergs Maike
Published: December 2024

The pathophysiological role of Aβ42 oligomers in the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is heavily disputed, pivoting research toward investigating mixed oligomers composed of Aβ42 and Aβ40, which is more abundant but less aggregation-prone. This study investigates Aβ42:Aβ40 oligomers in different ratios, examining their adverse effects on endothelial cells, neurons, astroglia, and microglia, as well as in a human blood–brain barrier (BBB) model. Combining label-free Raman microscopy with complementary imaging techniques and biochemical assays, we show the prominent impact of Aβ40 on Aβ42 fibrillation, suggesting an inhibitory effect on aggregation. Mixed oligomers, especially with low proportions of Aβ42, were equally detrimental as pure Aβ42 oligomers regarding cell viability, functionality, and metabolism. They also differentially affected lipid droplet metabolism in BBB-associated microglia, indicating distinct pathophysiological responses. Our findings demonstrate the overarching significance of the Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio in Aβ oligomers, challenging the traditional focus on Aβ42 in AD research.
Imaging distinct neuronal populations with a dual channel miniscope
Authors: Barbera Giovanni , Thapa Rashmi , Adhikari Navin , Li Yun , Lin Da-Ting
Published: December 2024

Miniature fluorescence microscopes (miniscopes) are one of the most powerful and versatile tools for recording large scale neural activity in freely moving rodents with single cell resolution. Recent advances in the design of genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) allow to target distinct neuronal populations with non-overlapping emission spectral profiles. However, conventional miniscopes are limited to a single excitation, single focal plane imaging, which does not allow to compensate for chromatic aberration and image from two spectrally distinct calcium indicators. In this paper we present an open-source dual channel miniscope capable of simultaneous imaging of genetically or functionally distinct neuronal populations. Chromatic aberrations are corrected using an electrowetting lens (EWL), which allows fast focal plane change between frames. To demonstrate the capabilities of the dual channel miniscope, we labeled layer specific excitatory neurons or inhibitory interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) with a red fluorescence protein, and simultaneously imaged neural activity of distinct neuronal populations of freely moving mice via a green GECI.
Effect of micronutrients on the risk of Graves’ disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Fangsen , Qiu Rongliang , Lin Zhiqing , Chen Junhan , Liu Peitian , Huang Yanling
Published: December 2024

Background

Micronutrient research on Graves’ disease (GD) is limited and controversial. Therefore, in order to explore possible correlations between genetically predicted amounts of six micronutrients [Copper (Cu), Iron (Ir), Zinc (Zn), Calcium (Ca), Vitamin C (VC), and Vitamin D (VD)] and GD risk, we carried out Mendelian randomization research (MR).

Methods

We conducted an MR analysis using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from people of European ancestry and aggregated information from UK Biobank to provide insight into the relationships between micronutrients and GD. The causal link between exposure and outcome was tested using three different techniques: Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and Weighted Median Estimator (WME). The heterogeneity of outcomes was also assessed using Cochran’s Q statistic, and pleiotropy was assessed by MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO.

Results

IVW analyses showed evidence of no significant effect of genetically predicted micronutrient concentrations on GD, except for Cu. (Cu: OR = 1.183, p = 0.025; Ir: OR = 1.031, p = 0.794; Zn: OR = 1.072, p = 0.426; Ca: OR = 1.040, p = 0.679; VC: OR = 1.011, p = 0.491; VD: OR = 0.902, p = 0.436). Significant heterogeneity was observed in Ca and VD (Ca: Q = 264.2, p = 0.002; VD: Q = 141.42, p = 0.047). The MR-Egger intercept method identified horizontal pleiotropy between serum Ca levels and GD (MR-Egger intercept = −0.010, p = 0.030), with no similar findings for other micronutrients.

Conclusion

MR analysis showed a possible causal relationship between the genetically predicted concentration of Cu and the risk of GD, whereas the genetically predicted concentrations of Ir, Zn, Ca, VC, and VD may not be causally related to the risk of GD.
High-throughput near-infrared spectroscopy for detection of major components and quality grading of peas
Authors: Zhu Jingwen , Ji Guozhi , Chen Bingyu , Yan Bangyu , Ren Feiyue , Li Ning , Zhu Xuchun , He Shan , Mu Zhishen , Liu Hongzhi
Published: December 2024

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a nutrient-dense legume whose nutritional indicators influence its functional qualities. Traditional methods to identify these components and examine the relationships between their contents could be more laborious, hindering the quality assessment of the varieties of peas. This study conducted a statistical analysis of data about the sensory and physicochemical nutritional attributes of peas acquired using traditional techniques. Additionally, 90 sets of spectral data were obtained using a portable near-infrared spectrometer, which were then integrated with chemical values to create a near-infrared model for the basic ingredient content of peas. The correlation analysis revealed significant findings: pea starch displayed a substantial negative correlation with moisture, crude fiber, and crude protein, while showing a highly significant positive correlation with pea seed thickness. Furthermore, pea protein exhibited a significant positive correlation with crude fiber and crude fat. Cluster analysis classified all pea varieties into three distinct groups, successfully distinguishing those with elevated protein content, high starch content, and low-fat content. The combined contribution of PC1 and PC2 in the principal component analysis (PCA) was 51.2%. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and other spectral preprocessing methods improved the predictive model, which performed well with an external dataset, with calibration coefficients of 0.89–0.99 and prediction coefficients of 0.71–0.88. This method enables growers and processors to efficiently analyze the composition of peas and evaluate crop quality, thereby enhancing food industry development.
Predicting lymph node metastasis of clinical T1 non-small cell lung cancer: a brief review of possible methodologies and controversies
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Feiyue , Li Gaofeng , Xiang Xudong , Liang Haifeng , Zhang Yan
Published: December 2024

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major subtype of lung cancer and poses a serious threat to human health. Due to the advances in lung cancer screening, more and more clinical T1 NSCLC defined as a tumor with a maximum diameter of 3cm surrounded by lung tissue or visceral pleura have been detected and have achieved favorable treatment outcomes, greatly improving the prognosis of NSCLC patients. However, the preoperative lymph node staging and intraoperative lymph node dissection patterns of operable clinical T1 NSCLC are still subject to much disagreement, as well as the heterogeneity between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes poses a challenge in designing effective treatment strategies. This article comprehensively describes the clinical risk factors of clinical T1 NSCLC lymph node metastasis, and its invasive and non-invasive prediction, focusing on the genetic heterogeneity between the primary tumor and the metastatic lymph nodes, which is significant for a thoroughly understanding of the biological behavior of early-stage NSCLC.
Pharmacological inhibition of the MAP2K7 kinase in human disease
Authors: Lacorazza H. Daniel
Published: December 2024

The MAP2K7 signaling pathway activates the c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) in response to stress signals, such as inflammatory cytokines, osmotic stress, or genomic damage. While there has been interest in inhibiting JNK due to its involvement in inflammatory processes and cancer, there is increasing focus on developing MAP2K7 inhibitors to enhance specificity when MAP2K7 activation is associated with disease progression. Despite some progress, further research is needed to fully comprehend the role of MAP2K7 in cancer and assess the potential use of kinase inhibitors in cancer therapy. This review examines the role of MAP2K7 in cancer and the development of small-molecule inhibitors.
The value of real world evidence and pragmatic trials in advanced prostate cancer- insights from the electronic Prostate Cancer Australian and Asian Database
Authors: Anton Angelyn , Zlatic Kristina , O’Haire Sophie , Tran Ben
Published: December 2024

Prostate cancer is a common malignancy with an increasing incidence in ageing populations. However, older patients with prostate cancer are often underrepresented in traditional clinical trials. The electronic Prostate Cancer Australian and Asian Database (ePAD) is a multi-centre, multi-national prospective clinical registry, that records real world data from a broader population. An analysis of the first 753 metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients within ePAD demonstrated that 43% were aged 75 years and older. Older patients were more likely to have comorbidities including ischemic heart disease, diabetes and previous stroke. Treatment outcomes were similar in all age groups. However, older patients receiving chemotherapy were more likely to stop treatment due to toxicity. Furthermore, in a smaller ePAD analysis involving additional chart reviews within 3 high volume centres, at least one relative or absolute contraindication to abiraterone was seen in 72% of our cohort and with enzalutamide in 14%. In total, 47% had potential clinically significant drug interactions with abiraterone and 67% with enzalutamide. Registry-based randomised controlled trials (RRCTs) are a novel trial methodology aiming to bridge the gap between retrospective registry analyses and traditional randomised controlled trials. We conducted the REAL-Pro study in advanced prostate cancer, comparing cognition, depression and falls risk between CRPC patients receiving abiraterone or enzalutamide. The study closed early due to slow recruitment and a changing treatment landscape, highlighting the need for further research to understand clinician and patient perspectives towards pragmatic trials such as RRCTs and subsequently develop strategies to optimise future trial design and recruitment.
Case Report: A case of infantile acute hyperleukocytic leukemia treated by leukapheresis
Authors: Bian Shuang , Li Nannan , Gao Hui
Published: December 2024

Leukapheresis is a treatment used to reduce leukocytes to decrease the number of white blood cells in circulation and prevent the risks of hyperviscosity and cerebrovascular and pulmonary leukostasis. We present a case of pro-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with hyperleukocytosis in a 6-month-old infant, characterized by a positive KMT2A/AFF1 fusion gene with a leukocyte count of 1,755 × 109/L. After two consecutive sessions of leukapheresis, the white blood cell count decreased to 55 × 109/L. The infant recovered after the high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy. These results demonstrate that leukapheresis is a feasible treatment option for acute hyperleukocytic leukemia in infants with ALL.
Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine regulating intestinal flora in the treatment of hypertension
Authors: Chen Wenjun , Xiao Longfei , Guo Wenlong , Li Hailin , Chen Rong , Duan Zhongyu , Chen Qinghua , Lei Qing
Published: December 2024

Hypertension is a common disease; however, it is more prevalent in older adults, and its prevalence is increasing in younger populations. Numerous studies have revealed that hypertension and the composition and functionality of the intestinal flora are closely correlated. The balance of the intestinal flora, intestinal barrier integrity, and metabolite content of the intestinal flora play significant roles in the occurrence and progression of hypertension. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive review of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for hypertension, focusing on the role of the intestinal flora to understand the mechanism by which TCM regulates hypertension through its effects on the intestinal flora. We analyzed the findings using the terms “traditional Chinese medicine,” “hypertension,” “high blood pressure,” “blood pressure,” “intestinal flora,” “intestinal barrier function,” “intestinal flora metabolites,” and other keywords from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Chinese Science and Technology, Wanfang Data, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. We found that TCM treats hypertension by regulating the balance of the intestinal microbiota, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria, improving intestinal barrier function, increasing compact proteins, reducing intestinal permeability, and regulating the content of intestinal flora metabolites. The use of TCM to treat hypertension by regulating the intestinal flora is a promising therapeutic strategy. However, most studies are limited by small sample sizes and there is a lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials. In the future, multi-center controlled clinical trials are needed to verify the efficacy and safety of TCM, optimize therapeutic protocols, and establish a foundation for the standardized and personalized application of TCM in hypertension management.
Activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 by turmeric oleoresin reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in an osteoarthritis in vitro model
Authors: Ghiselli Federico , Majer Roberta , Piva Andrea , Grilli Ester
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by the progressive degradation of articular cartilage, resulting in pain and reduced mobility. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) has been widely recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain inadequately explored. This study investigates the potential of turmeric oleoresin (TUR) to activate Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CBR2) and its role in mediating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in an in vitro OA model.

Material and methods

Molecular docking and cAMP quantification assays were used to evaluate TUR’s agonistic activity on CBR2. Human chondrosarcoma cells (SW-1353) were treated with TUR under oxidative stress induced by menadione or inflammatory conditions simulated with IL-1β and TNF-α. The effects of TUR were assessed in the presence and absence of the CBR2 antagonist SR144528. Outcomes included changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammatory marker expression, oxidative defense markers and endocannabinoid system components and receptors.

Results

TUR was confirmed as a CBR2 agonist and significantly reduced ROS production, downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, COX-2, metalloproteases), and suppressed signaling pathways such as NFKB1, ERK 1/2, and c-Myc. These effects were reversed upon CBR2 inhibition. TUR also enhanced HMOX-1 expression and modulated endocannabinoid-related enzymes, highlighting its impact on oxidative stress and the endocannabinoid system.

Discussion

These findings suggest that CBR2 activation is central to TUR’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. By modulating key pathways and endocannabinoid system components, TUR demonstrates potential as a novel therapeutic agent for OA management. Future studies could explore its clinical applications and further validate its molecular mechanisms in vivo.
Post-harvest processing methods have critical roles on the contents of active metabolites and pharmacological effects of Astragali Radix
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Jiang Shengnan , Sun Tingting , Zhi Wenbing , Ding Kairu , Qiao Ziyao , Zhang Hong , Li Ye , Liu Yang
Published: December 2024

Background

Processing methods of traditional Chinese medicinal materials are critical in influencing the active metabolites and pharmacological effects. The fresh processing method effectively prevents the loss and degradation of metabolites, common in traditional drying and softening processes, while also reducing production costs. Astragali Radix (AR), a leguminous botanical drug, is widely utilized in clinical practice and functional foods. Therefore, optimizing its the post-harvest processing method is crucial for enhancing production and application.

Methods

AR samples were processed using different methods with varying moisture content, including unpretreated samples and those subjected to kneading and sweating treatments. These samples were evaluated for physical appearance and active metabolite content. The entropy weight method, combined with the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), was employed to optimize the fresh processing method. A comparative study between freshly processed AR (AR-F) and traditionally processed AR (AR-T) assessed active metabolites, pharmacological effects and mechanisms.

Results

The appearance and active metabolites content of AR samples were affected by moisture content, kneading, and sweating treatments. After these treatments, the content of polysaccharides and calycosin-7-O-glucoside increased compared to unpretreated samples at the same moisture level. Entropy weight-TOPSIS analysis showed that the sample with 35% moisture, 100 kneading cycles, and 12 h of sweating had the highest score. Comparative studies revealed that AR-F had significantly higher content of total polysaccharides, total flavonoids, and calycosin-7-O-glucoside compared to AR-T, along with an increased flavonoid glycoside/aglycone ratio. However, no significant differences were observed in the total saponins and their metabolites. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that total flavonoids in AR-F exhibited superior macrophage RAW264.7 activation, compared to AR-T. Furthermore, we confirmed that the enhanced immunomodulatory capacity of AR-F was linked to its ability to stimulate the release of TNF, SRC, ER-α, AKT, HSP90, and Caspase-3 in RAW264.7 cells.

Conclusion

Our study optimized the fresh processing method of AR, and conducted a systematic comparative analysis between fresh and traditional processing samples, providing a basis for post-harvest processing in the AR production areas.
Molecular basis of resistance to leaf spot disease in oil palm
Authors: Wibowo Cahyo S. , Susilo Ricki , Ernawan Reza , Apriyanto Ardha , Alshaharni Mohammed O. , Smith Graham R. , Gatehouse Angharad M. R. , Edwards Martin G.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Leaf spot disease caused by the fungal pathogen Curvularia oryzae is one of the most common diseases found in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) nurseries in South East Asia, and is most prevalent at the seedling stage. Severe infections result in localized necrotic regions of leaves that rapidly spread within nurseries leading to poor quality seedlings and high economic losses.

Methods

To understand the molecular mechanisms of this plant-pathogen interaction, RNA-Seq was used to elucidate the transcriptomes of three oil palm genotypes with contrasting pathogen responses (G10 and G12, resistant and G14, susceptible) following infection with C. oryzae spores. Transcriptomes were obtained from Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencing of mRNA at four different time points (day 0, before treatment; day 1, 7, and 21 post treatment).

Results and discussion

Analysis of differentially expressed gene (DEG) profiles in these three genotypes provided an overview of the genes involved in the plant defence. Genes involved in disease resistance, phytohormone biosynthesis, gene regulation (transcription factors), and those encoding proteins associated with cell wall hardening were identified and likely contribute to the resistance of oil palm to C. oryzae. Such genes represent good candidates for targets to enhance oil palm productivity and resilience through molecular breeding approaches.
The effects of different hormone combinations on the growth of Panax notoginseng anther callus based on metabolome analysis
Authors: Yu Saiying , Li Leilin , Liu Tiantai , Li Jianbin , Yang Qian , Cui Xiuming
Published: December 2024

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), the primary active components of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen, a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal herb, are mainly derived from the roots of the plant. However, due to the long cultivation period and specific environmental requirements, the PNS supply is often limited. And, callus cultures of P. notoginseng, which grow rapidly, have short production cycles, and can be cultured under controlled conditions, provide a more efficient source for the quick acquisition of saponins. In this study, anthers of P. notoginseng were used as explants, and twelve hormone combinations were tested to induce callus formation. Eight kinds of hormone combinations successfully induced P. notoginseng anther callus. Among these, callus induced by combinations 5 and 7 had the highest saponin content, while those induced by combinations 1 and 3 exhibited the highest relative growth rates. Metabolomic analysis of these four callus types revealed that there were a total of 99 differential metabolites between combinations 5 and 7, 30 between combinations 1 and 3, 123 between combinations 3 and 7, and 116 between combinations 1 and 5. Further analysis showed that the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites in callus induced by combinations 1 and 3 were significantly upregulated, with corresponding genes showing high expression levels, increased ATP accumulation, and low responses of the auxin response factor PnARF-3 and cytokinin response factor PnCRF-3. The abundance of metabolites in the PNS biosynthesis pathway in callus induced by combinations 5 and 7 increased significantly, with related genes showing high expression levels, increased IPP accumulation, and high responses of PnARF-3 and PnCRF-3. Overexpression of PnARF-3 and PnCRF-3 in callus induced by combination 3 promoted the production of IPP and saponins while reducing ATP production. In conclusion, different hormone combinations affect the distribution of Acetyl-CoA through PnARF-3 and PnCRF-3, resulting in the relative growth rate and saponin of P. notoginseng anther callus differences.
Induced biochemical variations in maize parental lines affect the life table and age-specific reproductive potential of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)
Authors: Ishwarya Lakshmi K. S. , Dhillon Mukesh K. , Mukri Ganapati , Mahendra K. R. , Gowtham K. V. , Tanwar Aditya K.
Published: December 2024

In recent years, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda has rapidly emerged as a global invasive pest, challenging the maize production and leading to considerable economic losses. Developing resistant hybrids is essential for sustainable maize cultivation, which requires a comprehensive understanding of resistance traits and the underlying mechanisms in parental lines. To address this need, the present study aimed to identify the sources of resistance, age and stage-specific effects and role of phytochemicals in plant defense against S. frugiperda in thirty diverse maize parental lines [17 female (A) and 13 male (R) lines]. The study revealed that the larvae fed on maize A-lines CML 565, AI 501, AI 544 and PDIM 639, and R-lines AI 125, AI 542, AI 155, AI 1100 and PML 105 exhibited a reduced intrinsic (r) and finite rate of increase (λ), and net (R0) and gross reproduction rates (GRR); while, increased mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT). Among these, A-lines CML 565, PDIM 639 and AI 544, and R-lines AI 125, AI 155 and AI 1100 showed higher detrimental effect on reproductive value of S. frugiperda. Aforesaid A- and R-lines were also found with greater increase in insect-induced test phytochemicals compared to other lines, accounting for 25.0 to 72.8% variation in the life table parameters, indicating antibiosis effect on S. frugiperda. Among the test phytochemicals, tannins, CAT, PAL, TAL and APX inflicted greater effect, indicating their role in induced-biochemical defense against S. frugiperda.
Humans [plural] in the loop: the forgotten collective aspects of privacy, consenting, controlling, and digital protection
Authors: Human Soheil
Published: December 2024

The integration of digital technologies into various aspects of life is not only transforming industries and economies but also fundamentally altering human interactions and societal dimensions, raising critical ethical and societal concerns, particularly regarding human agency and human rights. Current approaches for addressing these concerns, particularly in the case of digital privacy, are predominantly “individual-centric”, placing an undue burden on individuals who often lack the necessary knowledge and resources to protect their digital rights. This article argues for a paradigm shift toward human-compatible approaches by providing individuals with cognitive, collective, and contextual supports to empower them. The article redefines “humans in the loop” as a collective practice and expands the ongoing debates from “data protection” to the broader discourse of “digital protection.” It proposes the establishment of novel sociotechnical mechanisms, such as the “Advanced Data Protection Control (ADPC)”, within internet infrastructures to facilitate effective communication between users and stakeholders. This approach addresses the shortcomings of current practices dominated by service providers and advocates for innovative policy-making and technical advancements. By integrating collective supports with automation and other cognitive and contextual supports, the goal is to foster a sustainable and accountable digital future that ensures pluralism, inclusion, and human agency in the continuous co-creation, evaluation, and improvement of digital technologies.
Social difference and relational coaching: finding new freedoms in working with identity
Authors: Tawadros Tammy , de Haan Erik , Birch David
Published: December 2024

In this article we explore some of the processes involved in dealing with Social Difference (SD) in coaching. Using examples from our own practice, we consider several factors, including the identity work involved in navigating the experience of SD in one-to-one coaching. Dealing with experiences of difference, including social class, gender, race, ability, and sexuality can invoke complicated and powerful feelings. Feelings of guilt, shame, anger, and isolation may cause impasses and ruptures in the coaching relationship. The article also sets out to test two hypotheses. Namely that working with questions of SD can enrich coaching if the Working Alliance (WA) is experienced as positive, and that issues of SD are better managed if they are discussed explicitly. We draw on social constructionist conceptions of identity, together with Rothberg’s work on the implicated subject, to facilitate inquiry into SD and identity for ourselves as coaches, as well as for our coachees. This is the work of re-examining ourselves, re-thinking who we are, and moving beyond the unwanted aspects of the self which may provoke existential feelings of guilt, shame, anger, and isolation, as accumulated through or aggravated by the current and historical woundings of oppression and social injustice. Our research tells us that it is by facing into the complicated emotions engendered by SD, that we can begin to embrace what we psychically and socially “disown.” We suggest that by recognizing our implicated selves, we may become better equipped psychologically, to be more sensitive and responsive to the impact that SD has on individuals, groups, and organizations. We discuss the ways in which a relational stance in coaching can help to provide a secure holding environment for critical and reflexive inquiry into SD, identity and the selves we enact. We conclude that a relational and implicated approach in coaching provides a wider perspective and extends the critical capacity of leaders to look within themselves and into their challenges with more congruence and ethical maturity.
“Do I need to reinvent myself?” Stigmatization of sport-related identities of Chinese students
Authors: Chen Jiangxi , Ni Weiguang
Published: December 2024

Objectives

While many studies have shown that student-athletes are a stigmatized group and topics related to them have received increasing attention, few studies have focused on the current situation of Chinese sports students (tiyu sheng) with the same dual identity as student-athletes. Thus, this study aims to understand and recognize the negative perceptions that students with sports identities experience in the Chinese educational and cultural context and the impact of these perceptions on them.

Methods

This qualitative study used an interpretive description methodology to collect data through semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted by the researcher with 11 sports students, 4 regular students, 3 teachers, and 2 parents. Then, the interview data was analyzed using reflective thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes were eventually extracted: (1) The onset and development of stigma, (2) Stigma factors in the spotlight, and (3) the Response to stigmatization by sports students.

Conclusion

Findings indicated that sports students are subjected to various stigmas under the negative filters of society. The stigmas suffered by sports students vary across school years and levels, and their perceptions of stigmas may also change over time and in different environments. In addition, being subjected to stereotype threat and self-stigma may have hurt some participants. The study’s results also provide evidence that the Internet plays a vital role in exacerbating the development of stigmatization among sports students, which needs to be determined by further research. These findings will contribute to subsequent research on the de-stigmatization of sports students.
Evaluating semantic control with transcranial magnetic stimulation: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Ambrosini Ettore , Benavides-Varela Silvia , Visalli Antonino , Viviani Giada , Montefinese Maria
Published: December 2024

Background

This meta-analysis investigates the role of specific brain regions in semantic control processes using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). According to the Controlled Semantic Cognition framework, control processes help manage the contextually appropriate retrieval of semantic information by activating a distributed neural network, including the inferior frontal gyrus, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule. Lesions in these areas can lead to difficulties in manipulating weakly activated or competing semantic information. Researchers have used TMS to simulate such deficits in healthy individuals.

Method

By synthesizing results from TMS studies that targeted these regions, we aimed to evaluate whether neurostimulation over these areas can effectively impair participants’ performance under high semantic control demands.

Results

Results from different meta-analytical approaches consistently showed no significant effects of TMS, especially after correcting for publication bias. Nevertheless, variability in experimental methodologies was evident.

Conclusion

These findings raise questions about the effectiveness of TMS in simulating deficits in semantic control and highlight the need for methodological improvements in future studies to enhance reliability and interpretability.
Mental health and attitudes toward suicide amongst individuals with gender dysphoria in Iran
Authors: Assareh Maryam , Rashedi Vahid , Eftekhar Ardebili Mehrdad , Salehian Razieh , Shalbafan Mohammadreza
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Gender dysphoria (GD) is associated with profound mental health challenges, including heightened suicide risk. This study aimed to explore the mental health status and attitudes toward suicide among individuals with GD in Iran.

Methods

A comprehensive assessment was conducted using three validated tools: the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) to gauge emotional distress and psychological well-being, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms, and the Predicament Questionnaire (PQ) to measure attitudes toward suicide in the context of social crises.

Results

Among the 78 participants, 43 (55.1%) were identified as experiencing significant mental health issues, while 21 (26.9%) were found to suffer from severe depression. The average PQ score was 57.92, which aligns with findings from similar populations in previous studies, highlighting a concerning trend in suicide-related attitudes. Further statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between psychological distress (GHQ-28 scores) and attitudes toward suicide (PQ scores), as well as between depressive symptoms (BDI-II scores) and suicide-related attitudes.

Conclusions

These findings indicate a pervasive prevalence of psychological disorders, particularly depression, within this group, and underscore the strong association between depressive states and suicidal ideation. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions and comprehensive healthcare policies tailored to the specific needs of individuals with GD in Iran. Given the substantial mental health burden observed, particularly the risk of suicide, this research highlights the critical importance of integrating mental health care into broader support systems for this population.
Association between polypharmacy and the long-term prescription of hypnotics in Japan: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Komatsu Munehiro , Takeshima Masahiro , Yoshizawa Kazuhisa , Ogasawara Masaya , Kudo Mizuki , Miyakoshi Eru , Itoh Yu , Shibata Nana , Ayabe Naoko , Mishima Kazuo
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Hypnotic polypharmacy and its long-term prescriptions constitute the inappropriate use of hypnotics. However, the relationship between hypnotic polypharmacy and prolonged prescriptions remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the association between hypnotic polypharmacy and the duration of hypnotic prescriptions.

Methods

This retrospective, cross-sectional study utilized a large dataset from the Japan Medical Data Center. The study population included adults who had been prescribed hypnotics between April 2020 and March 2021, with a focus on those receiving hypnotics in March 2021. Hypnotic polypharmacy was defined as the concurrent prescription of two or more hypnotics in March 2021. The duration of hypnotic prescriptions was measured by calculating the number of months between April 2019 and March 2021 during which hypnotics were prescribed. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between hypnotic polypharmacy and long-term hypnotic prescriptions, adjusting for relevant covariates.

Results

We included 112,256 patients (mean age: 49.5 years, females: 47.1%). Among them, 67.9% received hypnotic monotherapy, and 32.1% received hypnotic polypharmacy. Compared with adults who were prescribed hypnotics for 1 month, the association with polypharmacy was stronger in those who were prescribed hypnotics for ≥4 months as the duration of the prescription increased (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.27, p=0.006 for 4–6 months; aOR 1.35, 95% CI 1.23–1.49, p<0.001 for 7–9 months; aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.43–1.73, p<0.001 for 10–12 months; and aOR 3.24, 95% CI 2.99–3.52 for 13–24 months).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated a significant association between hypnotic polypharmacy and long-term prescriptions of hypnotics. Initiating insomnia treatment with hypnotic monotherapy may reduce the likelihood of long-term prescriptions, and limiting the duration of hypnotic prescriptions could potentially prevent polypharmacy.
Association between psychiatric symptoms with multiple peripheral blood sample test: a 10-year retrospective study
Authors: Qiu Jianqing , Yu Cheng , Kuang Yalan , Hu Yao , Zhu Ting , Qin Ke , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2024

Background

Psychiatric illness is thought to be a brain somatic crosstalk disorder. However, the existing phenomenology-based Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic framework overlooks various dimensions other than symptoms. In this study, we investigated the associations between peripheral blood test indexes with various symptom levels of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) to explore the availability of peripheral blood test indexes.

Methods

We extracted cases diagnosed with MDD, BD, and SCZ at West China Hospital from 2009 to 2021, translated their main complaints into Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) symptom severity scores using nature language processing (NLP), and collected their detailed psychiatric symptoms and peripheral blood test results. Then, generalized linear models were performed between seven types of peripheral blood test values with their transformed RDoC scores and detailed symptom information adjusted for age, gender, smoking, and alcohol history.

Results

Several inflammatory-related indexes were strongly associated with the negative valence system (NVS) domain (basophil percentage adjusted β = 0.275, lymphocyte percentage adjusted β = 0.271, monocyte percentage adjusted β = 0.223, neutrophil percentage adjusted β = −0.310, neutrophil count adjusted β = −0.301, glucose adjusted β = −0.287, leukocyte count adjusted β = −0.244, NLR adjusted β = −0.229, and total protein adjusted β = −0.170), the positive valence system (PVS) domain (monocyte percentage adjusted β = 0.228, basophil count adjusted β = 0.176, and glutamyl transpeptidase adjusted β = 0.171), and a wide range of mood, reward, and psychomotor symptoms. In addition, glucose, urea, urate, cystatin C, and albumin showed considerable associations with multiple symptoms. In addition, based on the direction of associations and the similarity of symptoms in terms of RDoC thinking, it is suggested that “positive” mood symptoms like mania and irritability and “negative” mood symptoms like depression and anxiety might be on a continuum considering their opposite relationships with similar blood indexes.

Limitations

The cross-sectional design, limited symptoms record, and high proportion of missing values in some other peripheral blood indexes limited our findings.

Conclusion

The proportion of high inflammatory indexes in SCZ was relatively high, but in terms of mean values, SCZ, BD, and MDD did not differ significantly. Inflammatory response showed a strong correlation with NVS, PVS, and a range of psychiatric symptoms especially mood symptoms, psychomotor symptoms, and cognitive abilities.
Phytochemicals in the treatment of patients with depression: a systemic review
Authors: Picheta Natalia , Piekarz Julia , Daniłowska Karolina , Mazur Karol , Piecewicz - Szczęsna Halina , Smoleń Agata
Published: December 2024

Background

Depression is a complex mental disease whose incidence increases every year; 300 million people worldwide currently suffer from it. Women are more likely to suffer from depression, twice the rate as men. It is one of the few illnesses that can lead to suicide, which makes it very dangerous – currently, 700,000 people die from suicide and it is the 4th most common cause of death in people aged 15-29. The treatment strategies for depression is a big challenge for physicians, pharmacists, scientists and classic remedies cause many side effects. Therefore, natural phytotherapy with herbs can prove to be a good solution. Phytotherapy is a popular treatment method used for centuries in Chinese medicine or Ayurveda.

Materials and methods

The study conducted a comprehensive database search PubMed, ClinicalKey and MedNar covered the years 2015 - 2024 to provide the most up-to-date data. 13 randomized controlled trials and 1 meta – analysis were included in the systematic review.

Results

Many plants show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cognitive enhancing effects, which are particularly important in depression. In the treatment of depression, plants such as Crocus sativus L. stigma, Lavandula angustifolia, Hypericum perforatum L. and Curcuma longa L. have proven to be effective. They show good effectiveness in human studies and alleviate the symptoms of depression. Herbal products can support classical pharmacotherapy, but this requires further research. Non-commercial clinical trials in the future should provide answers to research questions: at what stage of treatment of patients with MDD will the use of phytochemicals be most appropriate in terms of therapy efficacy and safety for the patient.

Conclusions

Crocus sativus L. stigma, Lavandula angustifolia, Hypericum perforatum L. and Curcuma longa L. in modern medicine can help improve the well-being of patients with depression. The use of herbs as an intervention was associated with a decrease in the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and an overall improvement in the mood of patients.

Further research should be undertaken into combining both therapies in order to improve patients’ quality of life and reduce treatment costs.
Associations between ethylene oxide exposure and chronic bronchitis: results from the NHANES 2013–2018
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Hui , Bi Xiaoqing , Zhao Guowei
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a reactive gas commonly used in the production of various chemical compounds. Research has linked EtO exposure to respiratory conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. However, its potential effects on chronic bronchitis (CB) remain unclear, highlighting the need for further study to understand its role in respiratory health.

Methods

Our study investigated data from 5,044 NHANES participants between 2013 and 2018 across three 2-year survey cycles. The relationship between HbEtO and CB was examined using weighted logistic regression, with HbEtO quartiles analyzed to assess the trend. A smoothed curve was fitted to verify the relationship between HbEtO and CB. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of our results, while subgroup analyses explored potential effect modifiers of the HbEtO-CB association.

Results

Compared with patients without CB, patients with CB had elevated HbEtO levels. Specifically, natural Log2HbEtO levels were linked to a greater prevalence of CB in a fully adjusted model (OR = 1.243, 95% CI: 1.143–1.352). Analysis of Log2HbEtO quartiles showed a significant trend in Q4 compared with Q1 (p for trend < 0.001). The fitted smoothed curve indicated a U-shaped nonlinear association, with saturation and threshold analysis revealing an inflection point at Log2HbEtO = 4.87. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, and subgroup analyses identified consistent associations across various groups.

Conclusion

Our study found a significant association between EtO exposure and the occurrence of CB. Given the health risks linked to EtO exposure, implementing effective control measures is essential. Such actions could help lower CB prevalence and enhance respiratory health in vulnerable populations.
Flexibility and resilience in equity-centered research: lessons learned conducting a randomized controlled trial of a family-based substance use prevention program for American Indian families
Authors: Asdigian Nancy L. , Tuitt Nicole R. , Dick Rhonda , Fitzgerald Monica , Zacher Tracy , Robe Lisa Bear , Shangreau Carly , Vossberg Raeann , Fleming Candace , Whitesell Nancy Rumbaugh
Published: December 2024

Meaningful and effective community engagement lies at the core of equity-centered research, which is a powerful tool for addressing health disparities in American Indian (AI) communities. It is essential for centering Indigenous wisdom as a source of solutions and disrupting Western-centric perspectives and inequitable and exclusionary research practices. This paper reports on lessons learned implementing an effectiveness trial of the Thiwáhe Glúwašʼakapi program (TG) program (translated as “sacred home in which families are made strong”)—a family-based substance use prevention program—in a post-pandemic era with an American Indian reservation community that has confronted extreme challenges. We describe lessons in six areas (community engagement, study design, community workforce, participant engagement, retention, and data collection) that illustrate how conventional Western research practices were adapted in order to conduct authentic, equity-centered research. Key principles gleaned from those lessons are also discussed, including: (a) honoring partnerships and making study decisions collaboratively, (b) considering the implications of decisions for both the scientific value of the study and the community, (c) considering the health and well-being of community staff, (d) being flexible and responsive to changing needs, and (e) approaching work with communities through a strengths-based frame. Insight into the challenges encountered and the solutions developed in alignment with community partners and Indigenous wisdom may strengthen the work of other academic-community partnerships endeavoring to bring culturally relevant, evidence-informed prevention programming to Indigenous communities.