bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prenatal regression of the trophotaenial placenta in a viviparous fish, Xenotoca eiseni
Authors: Iida Atsuo , Nishimaki Toshiyuki , Sehara-Fujisawa Atsuko
Published: January 2015

The trophotaenial placenta is a branching, ribbon-like structure that extends from the perianal region of the embryo in viviparous teleost fishes belonging to the family Goodeidae. It is a hindgut-derived pseudoplacenta, which contributes to absorbing maternal nutrients during the prenatal stage. The trophotaeniae are known to reduce at birth; however, no previous study has evaluated the removal mechanisms. We report here the analysis of the trophotaeniae using the goodeid fish species Xenotoca eiseni. The X. eiseni trophotaenia consists of an epidermal cell layer, mesenchyme, vasculature and circulating erythrocytes. The trophotaeniae had preliminary regressed when the embryo was born. Immunohistochemistry indicated that caspase3-activated cells with fragmented nuclei are present in the regressed processes of the fry immediately after birth, but not in the vasculature and blood cells. This finding suggests that the trophotaenia is rapidly resorbed by apoptosis in the last phase of the pregnancy and that its circulatory pathway is maintained. Such prenatal regression of pseudoplacentae has not been reported in other viviparous vertebrates. On the other hand, similar apoptotic remodeling in the gut has been reported in amphibians, which is regulated by thyroid hormone. Thus, apoptotic regression of the trophotaeniae might occur in a manner similar to amphibian metamorphosis.
Micro-flow-injection analysis (μFIA) immunoassay of herbicide residue 2,6-dichlorobenzamide – towards automated at-line monitoring using modular microfluidics
Authors: Uthuppu Basil , Heiskanen Arto , Kofoed Dan , Aamand Jens , Jørgensen Claus , Dufva Martin , Jakobsen Mogens Havsteen
Published: January 2015

A prototype microfluidic immunosensor for detecting 2,6-dichlorobenzamide showing potential for at-line monitoring of ground water.
Surface plasmon resonance based fiber optic detection of chlorine utilizing polyvinylpyrolidone supported zinc oxide thin films
Authors: Tabassum Rana , Gupta Banshi D.
Published: January 2015

A highly sensitive chlorine sensor for an aqueous medium is fabricated using an optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (OFSPR) system.
Highly sensitive and rapid detection of acetylcholine using an ITO plate modified with platinum-graphene nanoparticles
Authors: Chauhan Nidhi , Narang Jagriti , Jain Utkarsh
Published: January 2015

The sequence of chemical reactions used to prepare the working electrode.
Role of electrostatic contributions in the separation of peptides with silica hydride stationary phases
Authors: Kulsing Chadin , Yang Yuanzhong , Boysen Reinhard I. , Matyska Maria T. , Pesek Joseph J. , Hearn Milton T. W.
Published: January 2015

In this study a general analytical approach has been investigated with a focus on elucidating the impact of the free energy of electrostatic interactions associated with peptide retention with silica hydride stationary phases.
Continuous flow microfluidic solution for quantitative analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredient content and kinetic release
Authors: Desai D. , Zaman M. H.
Published: January 2015

Counterfeit and substandard medicines are a grave public health concern that comprises a multibillion-dollar black market and claims over 100 000 lives every year.
Highly sensitive detection of CpG methylation in genomic DNA by AuNP-based colorimetric assay with ligase chain reaction
Authors: Su Fengxia , Wang Limei , Sun Yueying , Liu Chenghui , Duan Xinrui , Li Zhengping
Published: January 2015

Using LCR amplification and AuNP-based colorimetric detection, a highly sensitive and selective method for detection of DNA methylation has been developed.
Nitrogen-doped carbon dots decorated on graphene: a novel all-carbon hybrid electrocatalyst for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Hu Chao , Yu Chang , Li Mingyu , Wang Xiuna , Dong Qiang , Wang Gang , Qiu Jieshan
Published: January 2015

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots decorated on graphene, a novel all-carbon hybrid electrocatalyst for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction.
N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed enantioselective annulations: a dual activation strategy for a formal [4+2] addition for dihydrocoumarins
Authors: Lee Anna , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: January 2015

A highly efficient asymmetric formal [4+2] annulation for the synthesis of dihydrocoumarins has been developed via an in situ activated NHC catalysis.
Smart nanoprobes for the detection of alkaline phosphatase activity during osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Lim Eun-Kyung , Keem Joo Oak , Yun Hui-suk , Jung Jinyoung , Chung Bong Hyun
Published: January 2015

Gold nanoparticle-conjugated fluorescent hydroxyapatite (AuFHAp) was developed as a smart nanoprobe for measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity.
Photo-induced living radical polymerization of acrylates utilizing a discrete copper(ii)–formate complex
Authors: Anastasaki Athina , Nikolaou Vasiliki , Brandford-Adams Francesca , Nurumbetov Gabit , Zhang Qiang , Clarkson Guy J. , Fox David J. , Wilson Paul , Kempe Kristian , Haddleton David M.
Published: January 2015

A photo-polymerization protocol, utilizing a pre-formed and well-characterized Cu(ii) formate complex, [Cu(Me6-Tren)(O2CH)](ClO4), mediated by UV light is described.
Photocontrolled chignolin-derived β-hairpin peptidomimetics
Authors: Podewin T. , Rampp M. S. , Turkanovic I. , Karaghiosoff K. L. , Zinth W. , Hoffmann-Röder A.
Published: January 2015

The synthesis of novel, chignolin-derived peptides comprising the azobenzene photoswitch [3-(3-aminomethyl)phenylazo]phenylacetic acid (AMPP) is reported.
Pt-porous ZnO nanoribbon hybrid materials with enhanced catalytic performances
Authors: Cheng Zhiqiang , Yu Mingyue , Yang Guixia , Kang Lijuan
Published: January 2015

With the help of bio-molecule l-lysine, a seeded growth method has been developed and Pt–ZnO porous nanoribbons have been successfully obtained. For the catalytic applications of CO oxidation and the photocatalytic degradation of MO, the hybrid nanomaterial exhibits remarkably enhanced catalytic properties.
Direct evidence for a substantive reaction between the Criegee intermediate, CH2OO, and the water vapour dimer
Authors: Lewis Tom R. , Blitz Mark A. , Heard Dwayne E. , Seakins Paul W.
Published: January 2015

The C1 Criegee intermediate, CH2OO, reaction with water vapour has been studied.
Native silica nanoparticles are powerful membrane disruptors
Authors: Alkhammash Hend I. , Li Nan , Berthier Rémy , de Planque Maurits R. R.
Published: January 2015

Silica nanoparticles permeabilize liposomal membranes as a function of nanoparticle size, surface chemistry and biocoating as well as membrane charge.
Fabrication of hydrogel-coated single conical nanochannels exhibiting controllable ion rectification characteristics
Authors: Wang Linlin , Zhang Huacheng , Yang Zhe , Zhou Jianjun , Wen Liping , Li Lin , Jiang Lei
Published: January 2015

Herein, we report novel, interesting hydrogel-composited nanochannel devices with regulatable ion rectification characteristics.
In-depth structure–selectivity investigations on asymmetric, copper-catalyzed oxidative biaryl coupling in the presence of 5-cis-substituted prolinamines
Authors: Prause Felix , Arensmeyer Benjamin , Fröhlich Benjamin , Breuning Matthias
Published: January 2015

Copper complexes of 5-cis-substituted prolinamines provided up to 87% ee in the enantioselective oxidative biaryl coupling of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoates.
Highly selective colorimetric sensing of Hg(ii) ions in aqueous medium and in the solid state via formation of a novel M–C bond
Authors: Parthiban C. , Manivannan R. , Elango Kuppanagounder P.
Published: January 2015

For the first time an easy-to-make receptor 2-chloro-3-(thiazol-2-ylamino)naphthalene-1,4-dione (R1) for highly selective sensing of Hg(ii) ions in aqueous solution and in the solid state through the formation of an Hg–C bond was developed.
Color-tunable and white-light emission of one-dimensional l-di-2-thenoyltartaric acid mixed-lanthanide coordination polymers
Authors: Feng Chang , Sun Jing-Wen , Yan Peng-Fei , Li Yu-Xin , Liu Tian-Qi , Sun Qing-Yan , Li Guang-Ming
Published: January 2015

l-Di-2-thenoyltartaric acid mix-lanthanide coordination polymers with one-dimensional ladder-like chain structures present color-tunable and white-light emission upon varying the excitation wavelength.
Activation of the manganese(i) tricarbonyl core by selective variation of bidentate ligands (L,L′-Bid = N,N′ and N,O donor atom sets) in fac-[Mn(CO)3(L,L′-Bid)(CH3OH)]n complexes
Authors: Twala T. N. , Schutte-Smith M. , Roodt A. , Visser H. G.
Published: January 2015

A range of fac-[Mn(CO)3(L,L′-Bid)(H2O)]n complexes has been synthesized and the methanol substitution has been investigated for the first time.
On the structural landscape in endohedral silicon and germanium clusters, M@Si12 and M@Ge12
Authors: Goicoechea José M. , McGrady John E.
Published: January 2015

Like the pieces of a jigsaw, maximum stability in clusters is achieved when electron density on metal and cage interlock.
Organometallic chemistry of ethynyl boronic acid MIDA ester, HCCB(O2CCH2)2NMe
Authors: Hill Anthony F. , Stewart Craig D. , Ward Jas S.
Published: January 2015

The reactions of HCCBMIDA (BMIDA = B(O2CCH2)2NMe) with a range of ruthenium complexes examples of σ-alkynyl, σ-alkenyl and vinylidene complexes bearing 4-coordinate boron substituents.
Structural and dielectric studies of the phase behaviour of the topological ferroelectric La1−xNdxTaO4
Authors: Cordrey Keith J. , Stanczyk Magda , Dixon Charlotte A. L. , Knight Kevin S. , Gardner Jonathan , Morrison Finlay D. , Lightfoot Philip
Published: January 2015

Phase behaviour in the layered perovskite LaTaO4 has been analysed, including an unusual tilt-induced axial thermal contraction effect.
Synthesis, structures and magnetic properties of the dimorphic Mn2CrSbO6oxide
Authors: Dos santos-García Antonio J. , Solana-Madruga Elena , Ritter Clemens , Ávila-Brande David , Fabelo Oscar , Sáez-Puche Regino
Published: January 2015

Mn2CrSbO6-perovskite was synthesized at high pressure in order to stabilize the small Mn2+cations on the A-perovskite site. Mn2CrSbO6-ilmenite polymorph can be prepared, starting from the perovskite, by a “hard-soft” phase transformation increasing the temperature at room pressure.
Imine (–CHN–) brings selectivity for silver enhanced fluorescence
Authors: Ganguly Mainak , Pal Jaya , Mondal Chanchal , Pal Anjali , Pal Tarasankar
Published: January 2015

Strong silver and gold stimulated fluorescence enhancement of alkaline salicylaldehyde solution have been observed. Ammonia or primary amine quantitatively eliminates gold enhanced fluorescence, keeping silver enhanced fluorescence unaffected.
Bio-derived materials as a green route for precious & critical metal recovery and re-use
Authors: Dodson Jennifer R. , Parker Helen L. , Muñoz García Andrea , Hicken Alexandra , Asemave Kaana , Farmer Thomas J. , He He , Clark James H. , Hunt Andrew J.
Published: January 2015

Overview of research in critical and precious metal recovery using biosorption, application to real-life wastes and uses of the metal-loaded materials.
An integrated optofluidic device for single-cell sorting driven by mechanical properties
Authors: Yang T. , Paiè P. , Nava G. , Bragheri F. , Vazquez R. Martinez , Minzioni P. , Veglione M. , Di Tano M. , Mondello C. , Osellame R. , Cristiani I.
Published: January 2015

Cell sorting based on mechanical properties is demonstrated using an optofluidic chip by extracting highly metastatic cells from a heterogeneous population.
HIV microarray for the mapping and characterization of HIV-specific antibody responses
Authors: Gallerano Daniela , Wollmann Eva , Lupinek Christian , Schlederer Thomas , Ebner Daniel , Harwanegg Christian , Niespodziana Katarzyna , Schmetterer Klaus , Pickl Winfried , Puchhammer-Stöckl Elisabeth , Sibanda Elopy , Valenta Rudolf
Published: January 2015

HIV microarray for the simultaneous measurement of antibodies towards a comprehensive set of HIV-derived peptides and proteins.
Metal ion mediated transition from random coil to β-sheet and aggregation of Bri2-23, a natural inhibitor of Aβ aggregation
Authors: Luczkowski Marek , De Ricco Riccardo , Stachura Monika , Potocki Slawomir , Hemmingsen Lars , Valensin Daniela
Published: January 2015

Soft metal ion binding enforces critical rearrangement of the structure of Bri2-23, a natural inhibitor of Aβ aggregation, thus shifting its solution behavior to a self aggregating system.
Response of CnrX from Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 to nickel binding
Authors: Maillard Antoine P. , Künnemann Sandra , Große Cornelia , Volbeda Anne , Schleuder Grit , Petit-Härtlein Isabelle , de Rosny Eve , Nies Dietrich H. , Covès Jacques
Published: January 2015

Atomic-resolution structures illustrate how Ni(ii) sensing by CnrXs proceeds by conformational selection to prime signal propagation.
1-Naphthylamine functionalized Pt nanoparticles: electrochemical activity and redox chemistry occurring on one surface
Authors: Morsbach Eva , Nesselberger Markus , Warneke Jonas , Harz Philipp , Arenz Matthias , Bäumer Marcus , Kunz Sebastian
Published: January 2015

Platinum nanoparticles functionalized with oligomerized 1-naphthylamine form a material where the organic ligand exhibits electrochemical activity and the metal surface catalytic activity.
Correction: Dithiolopyrrolones: biosynthesis, synthesis, and activity of a unique class of disulfide-containing antibiotics
Authors: Li Bo , Wever Walter J. , Walsh Christopher T. , Bowers Albert A.
Published: January 2015

Correction for ‘Dithiolopyrrolones: biosynthesis, synthesis, and activity of a unique class of disulfide-containing antibiotics’ by Bo Li et al., Nat. Prod. Rep., 2014, 31, 905–923.
Leveraging electrokinetics for the active control of dendritic fullerene-1 release across a nanochannel membrane
Authors: Bruno Giacomo , Geninatti Thomas , Hood R. Lyle , Fine Daniel , Scorrano Giovanni , Schmulen Jeffrey , Hosali Sharath , Ferrari Mauro , Grattoni Alessandro
Published: January 2015

General adoption of advanced treatment protocols such as chronotherapy will hinge on progress in drug delivery technologies that provide precise temporal control of therapeutic release.
Characterizing nanoparticles in complex biological media and physiological fluids with depolarized dynamic light scattering
Authors: Balog S. , Rodriguez-Lorenzo L. , Monnier C. A. , Obiols-Rabasa M. , Rothen-Rutishauser B. , Schurtenberger P. , Petri-Fink A.
Published: January 2015

Characterization of NPs in physiological and biological fluids is challenging, yet can be met by using depolarized scattering, offering advantages over UV-Vis and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.
The aspect ratio effect of drug nanocrystals on cellular internalization efficiency, uptake mechanisms, and in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficiencies
Authors: Tian Baishun , Zhang Xiujuan , Yu Caitong , Zhou Mengjiao , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: January 2015

The aspect ratio effect of drug nanocrystals on their in vitro cellular internalizing efficiency and in vivo antitumor efficiency was investigated.
In situ powder X-ray diffraction study of magnetic CoFe2O4 nanocrystallite synthesis
Authors: Andersen Henrik L. , Christensen Mogens
Published: January 2015

Crystallization of magnetic CoFe2O4 nanocrystallites is investigated by in situ powder X-ray diffraction revealing control of size and size distribution.
The hydroboration reaction as a key for a straightforward synthesis of new MRI-NCT agents
Authors: Boggio Paolo , Toppino Antonio , Geninatti Crich Simonetta , Alberti Diego , Marabello Domenica , Medana Claudio , Prandi Cristina , Venturello Paolo , Aime Silvio , Deagostino Annamaria
Published: January 2015

A new lipophilic NCT/MRI agent has been synthesised in only four steps and characterised from the relaxometric point of view. This compound shows a high affinity for LDLs that can be loaded with 300 complexes per particle.
Ester-free thiol-X resins: new materials with enhanced mechanical behavior and solvent resistance
Authors: Podgórski Maciej , Becka Eftalda , Chatani Shunsuke , Claudino Mauro , Bowman Christopher N.
Published: January 2015

A comparison of mechanical properties and hydrolytic stability between thiol–ene and thiol-Michael network polymers with varied content of interchain ester moieties was performed.
The effects of Au nanoparticle size (5–60 nm) and shape (sphere, rod, cube) over electronic states and photocatalytic activities of TiO2studied by far- and deep-ultraviolet spectroscopy
Authors: Tanabe Ichiro , Ryoki Takayuki , Ozaki Yukihiro
Published: January 2015

While there was little shape dependence, smaller Au nanoparticles induced larger electronic state changes and higher photocatalytic activities.
Nano-Fe3O4encapsulated-silica supported boron trifluoride as a novel heterogeneous solid acid for solvent-free synthesis of arylazo-1-naphthol derivatives
Authors: Bamoniri Abdolhamid , Moshtael-Arani Naimeh
Published: January 2015

Fe3O4@SiO2–BF3nanoparticles were prepared as a novel solid acid and effectively applied for the solvent-free synthesis of arylazo-1-naphthols at room temperature.
Surface chemistry modulated introduction of multifunctionality within Co3O4 nanocubes
Authors: Pal Monalisa , Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Rakshit Rupali , Mandal Kalyan
Published: January 2015

Multifunctional Co3O4 nanocubes, having simultaneously intrinsic multicolor fluorescence and excellent catalytic activity in the degradation of harmful pigments have been developed by facile surface modification with small organic ligand.
Hollow Al2O3spheres prepared by a simple and tunable hydrothermal method
Authors: Xue Guangxin , Huang Xin , Zhao Ning , Xiao Fukui , Wei Wei
Published: January 2015

The tunable Al2O3hollow spheres were prepared by a simple hydrothermal approach combining heat treatment.
Pt nanoparticles on tin oxide based support as a beneficial catalyst for oxygen reduction in alkaline solutions
Authors: Elezovic N. R. , Radmilovic V. R. , Kovac J. , Babic B. M. , Gaijic-Krstajic Lj. M. , Krstajic N. V.
Published: January 2015

High stability Pt catalyst on Sb doped SnO2 support for oxygen reduction in alkaline solution.
Two series of novel 3D potentially porous heterometallic Cu–Ln coordination frameworks assembled by 3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid with different topologies and channels: syntheses, structures, luminescence and magnetic properties
Authors: Liu Xuan-Wen , Guo Rui , Liu He , Yu Ye-Qi , Qi Xi-Wei , Xu Jing-Yuan , Xie Cheng-Zhi
Published: January 2015

Two series of heterometallic Cu–Ln coordination frameworks assembled by 3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid with different topologies and channels.
Functional polysaccharides from medicinal mushroom Cordyceps sinensis as a potent food supplement: extraction, characterization and therapeutic potentials – a systematic review
Authors: Shashidhar G. M. , Giridhar P. , Manohar B.
Published: January 2015

As a rich source of novel polysaccharides, Cordyceps sinensis (CS), one of the valued traditional Chinese medicinal fungi, is a major focus of many natural products research efforts.
Magnetic anisotropy and deep ultraviolet photoresponse characteristics in Ga2O3:Cr vermicular nanowire thin film nanostructure
Authors: Guo Daoyou , Wu Zhenping , Li Peigang , Wang Qianjing , Lei Ming , Li Linghong , Tang Weihua
Published: January 2015

The Ga2O3:Cr vermicular nanowire thin film nanostructure with a big ferromagnetic anisotropy and obvious deep ultraviolet photoresponse was obtained by PLD.
Electrochemical energy storage and adsorptive dye removal of Platanus fruit-derived porous carbon
Authors: Wang Xin , Gao Zhiyong , Chang Jiuli , Wu Dapeng , Wang Xiaorui , Xu Fang , Guo Yuming , Jiang Kai
Published: January 2015

ActivatedPlatanusfruit carbon (a-PFC) was synthesized by pyrolytic carbonization and alkali activation treatment of an easily available biomass,Platanusfruit (PF).
The fabrication and the characterization of a TiO2/titanate nanohybrid for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Guo Shien , Ning Hongyan , Li Mingxia , Hao Rong , Luan Yuting , Jiang Baojiang
Published: January 2015

A facile one-step hydrothermal route for a TiO2/titanate nanojunction has been developed for improving the photocatalytic activity of hydrogen evolution.
Soluble bipolar star-shaped molecule as highly stable and efficient blue light emitter
Authors: He Xuehan , Chen Lei , Zhao Yongbiao , Ng Siu Choon , Wang Xizu , Sun Xiaowei , (Matthew) Hu Xiao
Published: January 2015

A star-shaped molecule with donor-π-acceptor structure was designed and synthesized to achieve high efficiency non-doped solution-processed blue OLED with exceptional spectral stability.
Palladium nanoparticles produced and dispersed by Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus enhance the degradation of contaminants in water
Authors: Shen Nan , Xia Xiu-Yang , Chen Yun , Zheng Hang , Zhong Yong-Chen , Zeng Raymond J.
Published: January 2015

This study focused on examining the general applicability of coupling bio-palladium (Pd) nanoparticle generation and bio-H2 produced by Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus for wastewater treatment under extreme thermophilic conditions.
Copper nanoparticles as an efflux pump inhibitor to tackle drug resistant bacteria
Authors: Christena Lowrence Rene , Mangalagowri Vimalanathan , Pradheeba Prabhakaran , Ahmed Khan Behlol Ayaz , Shalini Bastin Infanta Sandhiya , Vidyalakshmi Mohan , Anbazhagan Veerappan , Sai subramanian Nagarajan
Published: January 2015

Casein capped copper nanoparticles at sub inhibitory concentrations function as an efflux pump inhibitor and restores susceptibility to antibiotics in drug resistant bacteria.
Effect of light on physicochemical and biological properties of nanocrystalline silver dressings
Authors: Dorobantu Loredana S. , Goss Greg G. , Burrell Robert E.
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this study was to characterize the interactive effects of light and aging on physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of nanocrystalline silver wound dressings Acticoat that might find their way into the environment.
Single step synthesis of (α-Fe2O3) hematite films by hydrothermal electrochemical deposition
Authors: Yilmaz Ceren , Unal Ugur
Published: January 2015

Growth of nanocrystalline α-Fe2O3 films can be realized in one step by conducting electrochemical synthesis under hydrothermal conditions.
Photocatalytic degradation and toxicity evaluation of diclofenac by nanotubular titanium dioxide–PES membrane in a static and continuous setup
Authors: Fischer K. , Kühnert M. , Gläser R. , Schulze A.
Published: January 2015

Diclofenac is a commonly used anti-inflammatory drug, which has been found in surface waters. TiO2 nanotubes with a polymer microfiltration membrane showed high photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac combined with an excellent membrane performance and long term stability.
Polydopamine-derived porous nanofibers as host of ZnFe2O4 nanoneedles: towards high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Kong Junhua , Yao Xiayin , Wei Yuefan , Zhao Chenyang , Ang Jia Ming , Lu Xuehong
Published: January 2015

Highly mesoporous free-standing carbon nanofibers (PNFs) with adjustable surface are successfully fabricated. ZnFe2O4 nanoneedles are strikingly formed and hosted by the PNFs to achieve excellent electrochemical performance.
Bubble-propelled trimetallic microcaps as functional catalytic micromotors
Authors: Safdar M. , Itkonen T. , Jänis J.
Published: January 2015

We report on the preparation of trimetallic (Pt/Ni/Au) microcaps using silica particles as templates.
Polydopamine-assisted deposition of heparin for selective adsorption of low-density lipoprotein
Authors: Liu Yang , Qiu Wen-Ze , Yang Hao-Cheng , Qian Yue-Cheng , Huang Xiao-Jun , Xu Zhi-Kang
Published: January 2015

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the main carrier of blood cholesterol, with elevated levels of LDL increasing the risk of atherosclerosis.
A heterobimetallic complex featuring a Ti–Co multiple bond and its application to the reductive coupling of ketones to alkenes
Authors: Wu Bing , Bezpalko Mark W. , Foxman Bruce M. , Thomas Christine M.
Published: January 2015

A Ti/Co heterobimetallic complex featuring a very short metal–metal triple bond has been synthesized. This complex promotes the reductive coupling reaction of aryl ketones into alkenes.
Efficient titanium nitride/titanium oxide composite photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells and water splitting
Authors: Li Chun-Ting , Li Sie-Rong , Chang Ling-Yu , Lee Chuan-Pei , Chen Pei-Yu , Sun Shih-Sheng , Lin Jiang-Jen , Vittal R. , Ho Kuo-Chuan
Published: January 2015

Efficient titanium nitride/titanium oxide composite photoanode separately renders good performance to a dye-sensitized solar cell and a water splitting electrochemical device.
Solid-state, high-performance supercapacitor using graphene nanoribbons embedded with zinc manganite
Authors: Ahuja Preety , Sharma Raj Kishore , Singh Gurmeet
Published: January 2015

Flexible supercapacitor fabricated from ZnMn2O4/GNR demonstrate high performance in terms of energy density 37 W h kg−1 and power density 30 kW kg−1 with robust mechanical strength under harsh conditions.
Composites of porous Co3O4grown on Li2MnO3microspheres as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Wang Faxing , Chang Zheng , Wang Xiaowei , Wang Yanfang , Chen Binwei , Zhu Yusong , Wu Yuping
Published: January 2015

The “synergistic effect” between the core (Li2MnO3microspheres) and shell (porous Co3O4) decreases the initial irreversible capacity and could eliminate the oxygen emission of Li2MnO3.
Fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles with ultra-low CMC for cell imaging
Authors: Li Haiyin , Zhang Xiqi , Zhang Xiaoyong , Wang Ke , Zhang Qingdong , Wei Yen
Published: January 2015

Fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles (FPNs) with ultra-low critical micelle concentration were facilely fabricated through radical polymerization and ring-opening crosslinking, and utilized for cell imaging.
B(C6F5)3-catalyzed metal-free hydrogenation of naphthylamines
Authors: Li Gen , Liu Yongbing , Du Haifeng
Published: January 2015

A catalytic metal-free hydrogenation of naphthylamines using B(C6F5)3was achieved under mild conditions for the first time to furnish tetrahydronaphthylamines in high yields.
Covalently functionalized graphene with d-glucose and its reinforcement to poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Gan Lu , Shang Songmin , Yuen Chun Wah Marcus , Jiang Shou-xiang
Published: January 2015

Chemically functionalized graphene has been synthesized by covalently grafting d-glucose on graphene for the first time through an esterification reaction.
Palladium: a future key player in the nanomedical field?
Authors: Dumas Anaëlle , Couvreur Patrick
Published: January 2015

Palladium nanostructures with therapeutic potential are emerging as innovative tools in the nanomedical field.
Searching for line active molecules on biphasic lipid monolayers
Authors: Bischof Andrea Alejandra , Mangiarotti Agustín , Wilke Natalia
Published: January 2015

Line tension was determined in lipid monolayers with a low amount of putative linactants. There are no clear rules to design molecules that decrease line tension.
Three-dimensional MnO2 ultrathin nanosheet aerogels for high-performance Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Chen Sheng , Liu Guoxue , Yadegari Hossein , Wang Haihui , Qiao Shi Zhang
Published: January 2015

Two-dimensional (2D) MnO2 ultrathin nanosheets have been assembled into three-dimensional (3D) aerogels, which can help prevent the restacking of 2D nanocrystals, and consequently lead to enhanced performances in Li–O2 batteries.
Surfactant-free synthesis of reduced graphene oxide supported porous PtAu alloyed nanoflowers with improved catalytic activity
Authors: Song Pei , He Li-Li , Wang Ai-Jun , Mei Li-Ping , Zhong Shu-Xian , Chen Jian-Rong , Feng Jiu-Ju
Published: January 2015

A simple, facile one-pot wet-chemical co-reduction method was developed for synthesis of porous PtAu-nanoflowers/rGO with the assistance of p-aminopyridine. The as-prepared nanocomposites displayed excellent catalytic activity for 4-nitrophenol reduction.
ABC50 mutants modify translation start codon selection
Authors: Stewart Joanna D. , Cowan Joanne L. , Perry Lisa S. , Coldwell Mark J. , Proud Christopher G.
Published: January 2015

We show that ATP-binding cassette protein 50, which binds eukaryotic initiation factor-2, plays a key role in translation initiation. ATPase-defective mutants of ABC50 usurp the accuracy of the recognition of start codons, suggesting it helps ensure the accuracy of initiation.
Compact multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna with low correlation for ultra‐wide‐band applications
Authors: Toktas Abdurrahim , Akdagli Ali
Published: January 2015

A compact multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with a small size of 26 × 55 mm2 and low correlation has been proposed for the ultra‐wide‐band (UWB) applications operating over a frequency range of 3.1–12.3 GHz at −10 dB. The MIMO antenna consists of two identical elements each of which has a planar radiator with microstrip‐fed over half‐sized ground plane. The antenna elements are placed orthogonally to achieve a good isolation between the two input ports. The antenna's characteristics such as the bandwidth, isolation, radiation pattern, peak gain and surface current distributions have been investigated. Moreover, diversity performance in terms of envelope correlation coefficient and mean effective gain has been analysed. Furthermore, a parametric study has been carried out to provide more design information. An arrangement with quad‐elements has been designed for MIMO operations, as well. The simulation and measurement results show that the proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth larger than the frequency range of UWB with low correlation and high diversity performance. The proposed MIMO antenna has been compared in detail with the previous works reported elsewhere in terms of antenna size, geometric complexity, bandwidth, mutual coupling and use of additional structure to obtain more isolation. From this point of views, the antenna is more preferable than other suggestions.
Dual‐slot feeding technique for broadband Fabry–Perot cavity antennas
Authors: Konstantinidis Konstantinos , Feresidis Alexandros P. , Hall Peter S.
Published: January 2015

A dual‐slot feeding technique is proposed for broadband multi‐layer periodic Fabry–Perot cavity (FPC) antennas achieving enhanced directivity as well as broadband radiation and matching performance. To demonstrate the feeding technique, two FPC antennas are presented formed by two‐ and three‐layer periodic partially reflective surfaces (PRSs) placed in front of a ground plane. Two optimised microstrip‐fed rectangular slots of different lengths etched on the ground plane are used to feed the multi‐layer cavity antennas and significantly enhance the antenna bandwidth as well as the directivity performance. Measurements of a fabricated three‐layer PRS antenna prototype are presented exhibiting 19 dBi gain with 16% fractional bandwidth and validating the simulation results.
Efficient integral cylindrical transmission‐line matrix modelling of a coaxially loaded probe‐coupled cavity
Authors: Jokovic Jugoslav , Dimitrijevic Tijana , Doncov Nebojsa , Milovanovic Bratislav
Published: January 2015

The transmission‐line matrix method enhanced with the compact wire model in a cylindrical grid is used for modelling of a coaxially loaded cylindrical cavity resonator with probes inserted into the cavity. Benefits of using a cylindrical grid instead of rectangular, related to precise modelling of cavity boundaries, a coaxially shaped dielectric sample and radially placed wire elements, are explored. The accuracy of the simulated results is verified by measurements of an experimental model of the cavity‐wire structure.
Closed‐form impedance model for annular through‐silicon via pairs in three‐dimensional integration
Authors: Chen Aobo , Liang Feng , Wang Gaofeng , Wang Bing‐Zhong
Published: January 2015

Annular through‐silicon via (TSV) is one of the promising solutions for vertical interconnects in three‐dimensional integration, which diminishes mismatch effects of the coefficients of thermal expansion between two different materials and saves cost, as compared with other TSV structures. In this study, an analytical impedance model is proposed. Closed‐form formulas for calculations of the per‐unit‐height resistances and inductances are derived by calculating the electromagnetic field quantities in the cylindrically multilayered media, via solving the longitudinal current densities in the conducting layers. Combining with the conventional admittance model, a compact transmission line model is obtained, which can be used to model the electrical properties of annular TSVs. These formulas appropriately capture the real current distribution because of skin effects in metal conductors as well as the eddy current loss in semiconductor regions. The results from these analytical formulas have comparable accuracy as those obtained by the full‐wave solver in a wideband frequency range, yet much higher computational efficiency than existing modelling methods.
Conducted electromagnetic interference simulation model with non‐linear behaviour of transformer
Authors: Liu Yitao , See Kye Yak
Published: January 2015

Using a flyback converter as a case study, an electromagnetic interference (EMI) simulation model including the non‐linear behaviour of an isolation transformer is developed. To take into account the non‐linearity of the transformer in the circuit simulation, the Jiles‐Atherton (J‐A) model that handles the non‐linear behaviour of the magnetic core is proposed. As the non‐linearity of the transformer affects mainly the differential‐mode (DM) conducted EMI but not the common‐mode conducted EMI, the simulation and experimental results presented in the study will focus on DM conducted EMI. The ability to include the non‐linear behaviour of a magnetic component in a power converter yields more realistic prediction that reflects the actual operating condition of the power converter, which prevents underestimation of DM conducted EMI.
Single‐phase current source converter with power decoupling capability using a series‐connected active buffer
Authors: Han Hua , Liu Yonglu , Sun Yao , Su Mei , Xiong Wenjing
Published: January 2015

This study proposes a new power decoupling circuit applied to the single‐phase current source converter (SCSC). Differing from the existing power decoupling technologies, the proposed power decoupling circuit could be viewed as a controlled voltage source in series with the DC inductor, and work with SCSC independently. That facilitates the separate design of the modulation schemes and the control algorithms for the power decoupling circuit and SCSC, and reduces the operation restrictions imposed by requirements. The fundamental principle of the proposed converter is analysed, and the voltage reference requirement for the buffer capacitor is investigated. To guarantee high input current quality of SCSC, a control method, where the input current is treated as a virtual control input, is proposed. Finally the effectiveness of this topology is verified by the simulations and experimental results.
Effect of sonication time on the characteristics of nanophase hydroxyapatite crystals synthesised by the sol–gel technique
Authors: Utara Songkot , Klinkaewnarong Jutharatana
Published: January 2015

An examination has been conducted of the effect of sonication time (25 kHz) at a constant temperature of 25°C on the structure of hydroxyapatite (HAp). Diammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate were used as starting materials. The gel formed by mixing the starting materials solution was subjected to sonication for 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 min. After sonication, HAp was dried at room temperature and calcined at 600°C for 2 h. The crystallisation, morphology and functional groups of the prepared nanoHAp were inspected by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The XRD results revealed crystalline sizes in the range 50–58 nm and 3–5 of the crystalline fraction. The TEM results proved that the particle size of nano‐HAp decreased with increasing sonication time. In addition, the FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that an increase of sonication time led to an increase in the concentration of carbonate groups
Synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2@MnO2 composite magnetic submicrospheres as adsorbent for methyl orange decolouration
Authors: Zhang Linfeng , Yang Xiaojun , Wu Yuanxin
Published: January 2015

Core–shell–shell composite (Fe3O4@SiO2@MnO2) submicrospheres were successfully synthesised by homogeneous precipitation of MnO2 on Fe3O4@SiO2 spheres, which were prepared by a modified sol–gel method with the presence of Fe3O4 particles. The synthesised multilayer‐structured nanocomposites were characterised by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The results show that the magnetic Fe3O4 cores were well wrapped by the intermediate layer of SiO2 with a thickness of 40 nm in the amorphous phase, and the MnO2 nanoparticles with a diameter not exceeding 10 nm were attached on the SiO2 shell. The magnetic measurements indicated that the Fe3O4@SiO2@MnO2 submicrospheres were of superparamagnetism with the saturation magnetisation of 29.41 eum/g. At the same time, the submicrospheres demonstrated a high chemical adsorption activity for methyl orange (MO) decolouration with efficiency of up to 93.76% within 1 h. Moreover, the submicrospheres were found to be stable under repeated applications of up to five successive cycles with a near constant adsorption activity after regeneration. It is expected that the adsorbent could be used for trace pollutants (MO) removal from water and recycled owing to its superparamagnetism properties and high adsorption activity.
Chiang Kai-shek’s “secret deal” at Xian and the start of the Sino-Japanese War
Authors: Tsang Steve
Published: January 2015

Using newly available archives, particularly the diary and the presidential papers of Chiang Kai-shek, this article challenges the conventional interpretations of the Xian Incident (1936), in particular the widely held belief that the kidnapping of China’s leader Chiang by two rebellious generals forced him to form a united front with the Communist Party to confront Japanese aggression, and of the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War 7 months later. It puts forth the interpretation that full-scale war between China and Japan was started not by Japan but by Chiang after a Japanese provocation, and the united front was only formed after Chiang ordered his best army units to attack Japanese forces in Shanghai in August 1937 turning it into the largest land battle after the First World War. It must be noted, however, that Japan acted provocatively and aggressively in a local incident outside Beijing a month earlier. Chiang decided on war not because he reached an agreement with the Chinese Communists to form a united front whilst a captive in Xian but because in Xian he received a signal from Josef Stalin that the Soviet Union would support him in a war with Japan. Chiang read Stalin right and the Soviet Union became the largest supplier of weapons to China in the first 4 years of China’s 8-year war with Japan. The hitherto unknown or “secret deal” Chiang made in Xian was an implicit one with Stalin, not with the Chinese Communist Party or its man on the spot Zhou Enlai.
Interdisciplinary trends in higher education
Authors: James Jacob W
Published: January 2015

The knowledge economy requires an adept workforce and cadre of leaders to help address the many challenges and needs facing companies, governments and societies worldwide. Many of the challenges we face today are new and there will undoubtedly be others arise in the future that will require innovative approaches and solutions to overcome them. No longer are higher education institutions able to train graduates to address all of the current and emerging challenges from a singular disciplinary source. Interdisciplinary (ID) approaches to research and training are essential underpinnings to best meet the dynamic needs of today’s higher education students. As the first in a series of forthcoming articles on ID research, this article examines ID trends in higher education research, instruction and degree offerings. It highlights how central ID solutions are in helping to address some of the most complex needs and challenges in higher education today, including how best to prepare higher education graduates for future employment and leadership positions.
Performing Expertise in Human–Animal Relationships: Performative Instability and the Role of Counterperformance
Authors: Schuurman Nora , Franklin Alex
Published: January 2015

This paper explores how the human–animal relationship is used to inform the construction of expertise about how best to manage relationships with animals. It pays particular attention to how the material practices of horse training can be understood as performative of human–animal relationships, animality, and the boundary between humans and animals. Drawing on an analysis of commercial videos of natural horsemanship, the paper shows how acts of animal counterperformance are actively used by some trainers to strengthen a performance and, in so doing, enhance the construction of expertise. Setting counterperformance in the context of space, though, the paper also highlights the ongoing ‘risky’ and unstable nature of human–animal relationships and the potential this creates for the performance of expertise in human–animal relations to be challenged.
Attentional Biases and Recognition Accuracy: What Happens When Multiple Own- and Other-Race Faces are Encountered Simultaneously?
Authors: Semplonius Thalia , Mondloch Catherine J
Published: January 2015

Adults recognize own-race faces more accurately than other-race faces. We investigated three characteristics of laboratory investigations hypothesized to minimize the magnitude of the own-race recognition advantage (ORA): lack of competition for attention and instructions that emphasize individuating faces during the study phase, and a lack of uncertainty during the test phase. Across two experiments, participants studied faces individually, in arrays comprising multiple faces and household objects, or in naturalistic scenes (presented on an eye-tracker); they were instructed to remember everything, memorize faces, or form impressions of people. They then completed one of two recognition tasks—an old/new recognition task or a lineup recognition task. Task instructions influenced time spent looking at faces but not the allocation of attention to own- versus other-race faces. The magnitude of the ORA was independent of both task instructions and test protocol, with some modulation by how faces were presented in the study phase. We discuss these results in light of current theories of the ORA.
Egg quality and production performance of laying hens injected with growth hormone and testosterone in the late phase of production
Authors: Mohammadi H. , Ansari-Pirsaraei Z. , Mousavi S. N. , Bouyeh M. , Gholibeikifard A. , Nouri P. , Hatefi A. , Rahmani M.
Published: January 2015

In this study, 160 73-week-old laying hens (HyLine W-36) were used to investigate the changes in production performance and egg quality parameters of aged laying hens after injection of different doses of growth hormone (GH) and a fixed dose of testosterone (Ts). The hens were weighed individually, placed in laying cages and then randomly assigned to four treatments with four replicates of 10 birds each, in a completely randomised design. The experiment was started at the 75th week and lasted until the 82nd week of age. The treatments were: 1: injection of 100 µL distilled water (control group), 2: injection of 500 µg Ts/kg liveweight + 50 µg GH/kg liveweight, 3: injection of 500 µg Ts/kg liveweight + 100 µg GH/kg liveweight and 4: injection of 500 µg Ts/kg liveweight + 150 µg GH/kg liveweight. In this study, ovulation rate (egg production percent), egg mass and feed intake were significantly higher in Treatment 3 than the control group (P < 0.05), and in Treatment 4, feed conversion ratio was significantly higher than for the other experimental groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the birds in Treatment 3 showed greater egg weight, albumen height, eggshell weight, eggshell density and eggshell weight per surface area than the control group (P < 0.05). In Treatment 3, egg length significantly increased compared with Treatments 1 and 4 (P < 0.05), and in Treatments 2 and 4, shell breaking strength was significantly lower than for the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results showed positive effects of GH and Ts administration on egg quality parameters and production performance in aged laying hens. Taken together, in the present study Treatment 3 was found more effective in improving egg quality and production performance of the old laying hens.
Mannose 6 phosphorylation of lysosomal enzymes controls B cell functions
Authors: Otomo Takanobu , Schweizer Michaela , Kollmann Katrin , Schumacher Valéa , Muschol Nicole , Tolosa Eva , Mittrücker Hans-Willi , Braulke Thomas
Published: January 2015

Antigen processing and presentation and cytotoxic targeting depend on the activities of several lysosomal enzymes that require mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) sorting signals for efficient intracellular transport and localization. In this paper, we show that mice deficient in the formation of M6P residues exhibit significant loss of cathepsin proteases in B cells, leading to lysosomal dysfunction with accumulation of storage material, impaired antigen processing and presentation, and subsequent defects in B cell maturation and antibody production. The targeting of lysosomal and granular enzymes lacking M6P residues is less affected in dendritic cells and T cells and sufficient for maintenance of degradative and lytic functions. M6P deficiency also impairs serum immunoglobulin levels and antibody responses to vaccination in patients. Our data demonstrate the critical role of M6P-dependent transport routes for B cell functions in vivo and humoral immunity in mice and human.
A DPP-mediated feed-forward loop canalizes morphogenesis during Drosophila dorsal closure
Authors: Ducuing Antoine , Keeley Charlotte , Mollereau Bertrand , Vincent Stéphane
Published: January 2015

Development is robust because nature has selected various mechanisms to buffer the deleterious effects of environmental and genetic variations to deliver phenotypic stability. Robustness relies on smart network motifs such as feed-forward loops (FFLs) that ensure the reliable interpretation of developmental signals. In this paper, we show that Decapentaplegic (DPP) and JNK form a coherent FFL that controls the specification and differentiation of leading edge cells during Drosophila melanogaster dorsal closure (DC). We provide molecular evidence that through repression by Brinker (Brk), the DPP branch of the FFL filters unwanted JNK activity. High-throughput live imaging revealed that this DPP/Brk branch is dispensable for DC under normal conditions but is required when embryos are subjected to thermal stress. Our results indicate that the wiring of DPP signaling buffers against environmental challenges and canalizes cell identity. We propose that the main function of DPP pathway during Drosophila DC is to ensure robust morphogenesis, a distinct function from its well-established ability to spread spatial information.
Moving beyond molecular mechanisms
Authors: Gardel Margaret L.
Published: January 2015

A major goal in cell biology is to bridge the gap in our understanding of how molecular mechanisms contribute to cell and organismal physiology. Approaches well established in the physical sciences could be instrumental in achieving this goal. A better integration of the physical sciences with cell biology will therefore be an important step in our quest to decipher how cells work together to construct a living organism.
Cole Haynes: On the trail of mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Powell Kendall
Published: January 2015

Haynes tracks the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and its ramifications for cellular health.