bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient safety: reducing harm and saving lives
Authors: Gournay Kevin
Published: June 2014

BJMHN Consultant Editor, Kevin Gournay comments on the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicides and Homicides by People with Mental Illness
Postoperative care after dental implant placement
Authors: Bennett Claire
Published: June 2014

Patients are often concerned about pain, bleeding and swelling after an implant has been fitted. Verbal and written instructions can help patients to minimise discomfort and problems after surgery and know now to identify an emergency
Childhood rashes, in images
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: June 2014

PAEDIATRICS

Childhood diseases which present as rashes are common and treatable, but can be a cause for concern. Jean Watkins provides an overview of the causes and outcomes for seven common conditions.
Diabetes and coeliac disease: implementing a gluten-free diet
Authors: Smyth Dion , Smyth Theresa
Published: June 2014

Lifelong and complete adherence to a gluten-free diet is the only effective treatment for coeliac disease. Dion Smyth and Theresa Smyth discuss the relationship between diabetes and coeliac disease, and its implications for nursing practice
Looking ahead: building the future workforce
Authors: Carr Jacqui , Chadwick Gemma , Brindley Allison , Swain Cheryl , Ellis Natalie
Published: June 2014

A review of the effectiveness of a student mentoring programme in general practice
Immunoextraction–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Measuring Intact Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Free β-Subunit, and β-Subunit Core Fragment in Urine
Authors: Woldemariam Getachew A , Butch Anthony W
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulates testosterone production by the testicles. Because of the potential for abuse, hCG is banned (males only) in most sports and has been placed on the World Anti-Doping Agency list of prohibited substances. Intact hCG, free β-subunit (hCGβ), and β-subunit core fragment (hCGβcf) are the major variants or isoforms in urine. Immunoassays are used by antidoping laboratories to measure urinary hCG. Cross-reactivity with isoforms differs among immunoassays, resulting in widely varying results. We developed a sequential immunoextraction method with LC-MS/MS detection for quantification of intact hCG, hCGβ, and hCGβcf in urine.

METHODS

hCG isoforms were immunoextracted with antibody-conjugated magnetic beads and digested with trypsin, and hCGβ and hCGβcf unique peptides were quantified by LC-MS/MS with the corresponding heavy peptides as internal standard. hCG isoform concentrations were determined in urine after administration of hCG, and the intact hCG results were compared to immunoassay results.

RESULTS

The method was linear to 20 IU/L. Total imprecision was 6.6%–13.7% (CV), recovery ranged from 91% to 109%, and the limit of quantification was 0.2 IU/L. Intact hCG predominated in the urine after administration of 2 hCG formulations. The window of detection ranged from 6 to 9 days. Mean immunoassay results were 12.4–15.5 IU/L higher than LC-MS/MS results.

CONCLUSIONS

The performance characteristics of the method are acceptable for measuring hCG isoforms, and the method can quantify intact hCG and hCGβ separately. The limit of quantification will allow LC-MS/MS hCG reference intervals to be established in nondoping male athletes for improved doping control.
The drums of Islam, a shrine and a story set in Pakistan
Authors: Wolf Richard K.
Published: June 2014

Many kinds of act we recognize as performative and help constitute religious experiences all over the world. This article focuses on the experiences of drummers, dancers and other participants at a Sufi shrine in Lahore, Pakistan. The readers of this journal are likely to have encountered historical debates concerning the appropriateness of music in Islam, as well as discussions regarding what qualifies as recitation, as music, or as noise. Understanding these debates and semantic concerns is an essential part of gaining insight into important aspects of Sufi Islamic religious experiences. In this article I invite the reader to contemplate performance not only in reference to music and dance themselves but also with respect to the creative non-fictional form in which I present them ethnographically. This article is adapted from my forthcoming book, The Voice in the Drum: Music, language, and emotion in Islamicate South Asia (2014), a hybrid piece of creative and analytic writing in the form of a novel. It is based on my fieldwork in India and Pakistan over a 28-month period in late 1996 and on shorter visits extending into the mid- and late 2000s.
Hausa film: Compatible or incompatible with Islam?
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Muhsin
Published: June 2014

Globalization, now at its peak, is tied with media like a computer to its screen. Film is a vital media technology endowed with ample efficacy through which much propaganda – for good or bad – is sold out to the people. This is so because almost everybody can understand the language of film and its appeal; it is conferred with the communicative power that often mobilizes people to react peacefully or otherwise. Such as it is, film-makers in Kano as well as other didactic, Shari’ah-abiding and substantially Muslim northern states of Nigeria are in constant ideological clash with the larger society, the government and the religious institutions. The film-makers are accused of misrepresenting and attacking the sociocultural and the religious value systems. The major ethnic group in the state and the region is Hausa, the people who are strict followers of Islam, the religion, which, in a greater proportion, conforms with their Arab-influenced culture; thus, both the culture and Islam frown at the films, especially such as those being produced, for many contain Indian masala popular cinema and quasi-Euro-American and non-Islamic ideas, practices and experiences, and do not correspond to the culture and the religion of the people. Therefore, this article, among other things, seeks to look inwards in search of what led to the current state of affairs. The writer offers advice on how to better things.
French Republican secularism and Islam in North African diasporic cultural production
Authors: Gill-Khan Chloé A.
Published: June 2014

Centuries of anti-Arab stigma continue to haunt Franco-Maghrebians, the descendants of ex-colonial French North African migrants born and brought up in France. Franco-Maghrebians’ anti-colonial civic resistances (riots) against decades of segregation are dismissed as evidence of their alleged Islamicization and communitarianism. Focussing on Azouz Begag’s novel Béni ou le paradis privé (1989), this article explores how Franco-Maghrebians’ investment in and reproduction of the Republican secular world-view in fact leads to the denigration, suppression and corporeal annihilation of their Arabo-Muslim heritages. Drawing upon the theories of Jacques Derrida (1996) and Mikhail Bakhtin (1981), western philosophical obsession with origins, centres and margins returns diasporic citizens to colonial dualistic binaries, trapping them in the mirrors of negation and affirmation. Such a predicament is contrasted with the presentation of alternative philosophical perspectives of the other in Ismaël Ferroukhi’s film Le grand voyage (2004). Making references to Seyyed Hossein Nasr (2002), Ali Shariati (1979) and Karen Armstrong (2012), this research examines how Islamic ethical imperatives captured in motion across lands, cultures and time envision coexistence, contesting much of the existing discourse surrounding French Muslims and Islam.
Limiting Sobolev inequalities and the 1-biharmonic operator
Authors: Parini Enea , Ruf Bernhard , Tarsi Cristina
Published: June 2014

In this article we present recent results on optimal embeddings, and associated PDEs, of the space of functions whose
distributional Laplacian belongs to L1
. We discuss sharp embedding inequalities which allow to improve the optimal summability results for solutions of Poisson equations with L1
-data by Maz'ya (N ≥ 3) and Brezis–Merle (N = 2).
Then, we consider optimal embeddings of the mentioned space into L1
, for the simply supported and the clamped case, which yield corresponding eigenvalue problems for the 1-biharmonic operator (a higher order analogue of the 1-Laplacian). We derive some properties of the corresponding eigenfunctions, and prove some Faber–Krahn type inequalities.
Need for CT-based bone density modelling in finite element analysis of a shoulder arthroplasty revealed through a novel method for result analysis
Authors: Pomwenger Werner , Entacher Karl , Resch Herbert , Schuller-Götzburg Peter
Published: June 2014

Treatment of common pathologies of the shoulder complex, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis, is usually performed by total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Survival of the glenoid component is still a problem in TSA, whereas the humeral component is rarely subject to failure. To set up a finite element analysis (FEA) for simulation of a TSA in order to gain insight into the mechanical behaviour of a glenoid implant, the modelling procedure and the application of boundary conditions are of major importance because the computed result strongly depends upon the accuracy and sense of realism of the model. The goal of this study was to show the influence on glenoid stress distribution of a patient-specific bone density distribution compared with a homogenous bone density distribution for the purpose of generating a valid model in future FEA studies of the shoulder complex. Detailed information on the integration of bone density properties using existing numerical models as well as the applied boundary conditions is provided. A novel approach involving statistical analysis of values derived from an FEA is demonstrated using a cumulative distribution function. The results show well the mechanically superior behaviour of a realistic bone density distribution and therefore emphasise the necessity for patient-specific simulations in biomechanical and medical simulations.
Where does metonymy begin? Some comments on Janda (2011)
Authors: Brdar Mario , Brdar-Szabó Rita
Published: June 2014

In a recent paper published in this journal, Laura Janda makes a number of claims about metonymy, specifically about metonymy in word-formation as part of grammar. In a nutshell, what she says is that suffixed nouns such as Russian saxarnica (from saxar ‘sugar’) ‘sugar bowl’, Czech břicháč (from břicho ‘belly’) ‘person with a large belly’, or Norwegian baker ‘baker’, are metonymic extensions from saxar ‘sugar’, břicho ‘belly’, and bake ‘bake’, respectively. It is our contention that this claim about metonymy being involved in word-formation phenomena such as suffixation is misconceived and leads to an overuse of the term ‘metonymy’. We first comment on Janda's views on cognitive linguistic research on metonymy in grammar and word-formation, and then evaluate the evidence that she provides to support her central claim – from some general claims about metonymy and grammar to the way she identifies metonymy in word-formation. Finally, we point out a series of problems ensuing from the concept of word-formation metonymy. The analytical parts of Janda's article are in our view a more or less traditional cross-linguistic inventory of suffixation patterns that do not exhibit metonymy as such. However, some genuine metonymies that crop up among her examples are glossed over. In other words, we claim that her analysis ignores metonymies where they appear and postulates metonymies where they do not exist.
Design of Microstrip LPF with Sharp Cut-off Frequency and Wide Stopband
Authors: Karimi G. , Yazdani M. , Siahkamari H. , Lalbakhsh A.
Published: June 2014

A novel lowpass filter with wide stopband and sharp skirt characteristics is proposed. To obtain the applicable lowpass filter, several cells of coupled T-shaped resonator, U-shape and dumbbell-shaped resonators are connected in series. The proposed filter has low insertion loss, high return loss in the passband and wide stopband. The transition band is from 3.18 to 3.29 GHz with −3 and −20 dB, respectively. Results of the fabricated filter exhibit a roll-off and relative stopband bandwidth of 217 and 137%, respectively. Measurement and simulation results show good agreement.
Collaborative Wideband Compressed Signal Detection in Interplanetary Internet
Authors: Wang Yulin , Zhang Gengxin , Bian Dongming , Gou Liang , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2014

As the development of autonomous radio in deep space network, it is possible to actualize communication between explorers, aircrafts, rovers and satellites, e.g. from different countries, adopting different signal modes. The first mission to enforce the autonomous radio is to detect signals of the explorer autonomously without disturbing the original communication. This paper develops a collaborative wideband compressed signal detection approach for InterPlaNetary (IPN) Internet where there exist sparse active signals in the deep space environment. Compressed sensing (CS) can be utilized by exploiting the sparsity of IPN Internet communication signal, whose useful frequency support occupies only a small portion of an entirely wide spectrum. An estimate of the signal spectrum can be obtained by using reconstruction algorithms. Against deep space shadowing and channel fading, multiple satellites collaboratively sense and make a final decision according to certain fusion rule to gain spatial diversity. A couple of novel discrete cosine transform (DCT) and walsh-hadamard transform (WHT) based compressed spectrum detection methods are proposed which significantly improve the performance of spectrum recovery and signal detection. Finally, extensive simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of our proposed collaborative scheme for signal detection in IPN Internet. Compared with the conventional discrete fourier transform (DFT) based method, our DCT and WHT based methods reduce computational complexity, decrease processing time, save energy and enhance probability of detection.
The relaxant actions of ethanolic extract of Tridax procumbens (Linn.) on rat corpus cavernosum smooth muscle contraction
Authors: Salahdeen Hussein M. , Idowu Gbolahan O. , Yemitan Omoniyi K. , Murtala Babatunde A. , Alada Abdul Rasak A.
Published: June 2014

Background: The effect of Tridax procumbens aqueous ethanolic extract on the rat corpus cavernosum smooth muscles was evaluated in the present study.

Method: Corpus cavernosum strips obtained from healthy, young, adult male Wistar albino rats (250–300 g) were precontracted with phenylephrine (10–7 M) or KCl (60 mM) and then treated with various concentrations of T. procumbens extract (0.15–1.05 mg/mL). The change in corpus cavernosum strip tension was recorded. The interactions between T. procumbens extract with acetylcholine and with sodium nitroprusside were also evaluated.

Results: The results indicated that corpus cavernosum strips relaxation induced by T. procumbens extract was concentration-dependent and this was significant (p<0.5). Pre-treatment with a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (N(1) nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester, l-NAME), did not completely inhibit the relaxation. However, T. procumbens extract (0.6 mg/mL) significantly (p<0.5) enhanced both acetylcholine- and sodium nitroprusside-induced corpus cavernosum strips relaxation.

Conclusions: Results suggest that T. procumbens extract has a concentration-dependent relaxant effect on the isolated rat corpus cavernosum. The mechanism of action of T. procumbens extract is complex. A part of its relaxing effect is mediated directly by the release of NO from endothelium which may improve erectile dysfunction.
Contagious Bank Failures in a Free Banking System: A Persistent Misunderstanding
Authors: Bédard Mathieu
Published: June 2014

A recurring citation in systemic risk literature reviews (P. Aghion, P. Bolton, and M. Dewatripont. 2000. “Contagious Bank Failures in a Free Banking System.”European Economic Review44:713–18) offers a model where what they describe as a free banking system is vulnerable to contagious bank runs through clearinghouse loans. The paper ignores key contributions to both free banking and financial history literature, such that the paper is of little relevance to the understanding of the stability of both free banking systems and clearinghouse arrangements. Our criticism concentrates on the institutions of banking absent or misrepresented. It is argued that their conclusions are inapplicable to free banking.
On the proof of a theorem by Carlitz
Authors: Ugolini Simone
Published: June 2014

We point out a relation between a polynomial introduced in the proof of a theorem by Carlitz and Hua's identity.
Performance Analysis of DQPSK Modulated RoF System
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Bhatia Kamaljit singh
Published: June 2014

Advanced modulation schemes play a vital role for RoF communication system for different channels. Keeping into view the same, in this paper a DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) based radio over fiber system is proposed. Appropriate value of FWHM is also concluded for faithful communication.
Variations of blood cells in prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yang Hongling , Zhu Chunyan , Ma Qinling , Long Yan , Cheng Zhou
Published: June 2014

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the value of increasing inflammation in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Materials and methods: Subjects in this cross-sectional study included 302 GDM and 310 normal pregnancies before 20 weeks. Sociodemographic and pregnancy characteristics as well as blood parameters were acquired by maternal health booklet, medical records and laboratory information systems. Blood cell parameters were compared between the two groups by independent sample t-tests. Multivariate logistic regression, χ2-test, receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC), and Fisher’s linear discriminant were performed to analyze the screening effects of variables in developing GDM.

Results: Women with GDM had significantly higher neutrophil (NEU), lymphocyte (LYM), platelet (PLT) and erythrocyte (RBC) counts, and were positively correlated with GDM. NEU (odds ratios, OR, 1.22) and LYM (OR, 2.01) were independently associated with the development of GDM (P<0.001). The OR of the mean platelet volume (MPV) and mean cell volume (MCV) were 0.84 and 0.92, respectively (P<0.01 for both). The efficiency of Fisher’s equations in correctly classifying cases of GDM from 4 to 20 weeks of gestation was 70.06%.

Conclusions: Maternal WBC, RBC, and PLT counts are important correlates of GDM. Increased volume of RBC and PLT might protect pregnant women from development of GDM.
The effect of the use of oxytocin on blood loss during different postpartum periods
Authors: Fidan Ulaş , Keskin Uğur , Ulubay Mustafa , Efendi Karaca Rıza , Burçin Fıratlıgil Fahri , Göksen Kocagöz Göksemin , Ergün Ali
Published: June 2014

Objective: Postpartum hemorrhage is the most important reason for maternal mortality. In developed countries, the reason of 13% of maternal deaths is postpartum hemorrhage while this percentage reaches more than 30% in other countries. In this study, the effect of oxytocin use in different times at the 3rd stage of delivery on changes in the postpartum hemoglobin levels was compared.

Design and setting: In the study, 89 pregnant women to whom oxytocin was administered after placenta separation were studied in Group 1, 89 pregnant women were included in Group 2, and oxytocin was administered after delivery of the shoulder. The levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit before and after delivery were quantified.

Results: The biochemical parameters were examined, there was no significant statistical differences in the levels of hemoglobin and hemotocrit before delivery between the two groups. When compared to Group 1, Δ-hemoglobin (P=>0.001), Δ-hematocrit (P=>0.001), the change between the prepartum and postpartum hemoglobin percentage (P<=0.001), and change between the prepartum and postpartum hemotocrit percentage (P<=0.001) were statistically lower in Group 2.

Conclusions: It was determined that the use of oxytocin after shoulder delivery has more effects on decreasing the amount of postpartum hemorrhage.
Skill importance in women’s soccer
Authors: Heiner Matthew , Fellingham Gilbert W. , Thomas Camille
Published: June 2014

Soccer analytics often follow one of two approaches: 1) regression models on number of shots taken or goals scored to predict match winners, or 2) spatial and/or temporal analysis of plays for evaluation of strategy. We propose a new model to evaluate skill importance in soccer. Play by play data were collected on 22 NCAA Division I Women’s Soccer matches with a new skill notation system. Using a Bayesian approach, we model play sequences as discrete absorbing Markov chains. Using posterior distributions, we estimate the probability of 35 distinct offensive skills leading to a shot during a single possession.
The effect of hybridization and boundary conditions on damping and free vibration of composite plates
Authors: Erkliğ Ahmet , Bulut Mehmet , Yeter Eyüp
Published: June 2014

In this study, the influence of hybridization on natural frequency and damping properties of laminated composite plates consisting of various combinations of fibers and boundary conditions are examined. Carbon (C), Kevlar® (K), and S-glass fibers are used as reinforcement with epoxy resin for hybridization. Experiments are conducted on hybrid composites under the combinations of clamped, free, and simply supported boundary conditions. Natural frequency analyses of hybrid composites are performed using finite element analysis software ANSYS. Vibration test results obtained from experimental and numerical studies are compared with each other. Results show that hybridizations with three different fibers and their substitutions in the layers have strongly effected the damping and vibration characteristics of composite plates.
Gpr1 is an active chemerin receptor influencing glucose homeostasis in obese mice
Authors: Rourke Jillian L , Muruganandan Shanmugam , Dranse Helen J , McMullen Nichole M , Sinal Christopher J
Published: June 2014

Chemerin is an adipose-derived signaling protein (adipokine) that regulates adipocyte differentiation and function, immune function, metabolism, and glucose homeostasis through activation of chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1). A second chemerin receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) in mammals, binds chemerin with an affinity similar to CMKLR1; however, the function of GPR1 in mammals is essentially unknown. Herein, we report that expression of murineGpr1mRNA is high in brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle. In contrast to chemerin (Rarres2) andCmklr1,Gpr1expression predominates in the non-adipocyte stromal vascular fraction of WAT. Heterozygous and homozygousGpr1-knockout mice fed on a high-fat diet developed more severe glucose intolerance than WT mice despite having no difference in body weight, adiposity, or energy expenditure. Moreover, mice lackingGpr1exhibited reduced glucose-stimulated insulin levels and elevated glucose levels in a pyruvate tolerance test. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to report the effects ofGpr1deficiency on adiposity, energy balance, and glucose homeostasisin vivo. Moreover, these novel results demonstrate that GPR1 is an active chemerin receptor that contributes to the regulation of glucose homeostasis during obesity.
A Case of Cap Polyposis Remission by Betamethasone Enema aer Antibiotics erapy including Helicobacter pylori Eradication
Authors: Suzuki Hideo , Sato Masashi , Akutsu Daisuke , Sugiyama Hiroaki , Sato Taiki , Mizokami Yuji
Published: June 2014

We report the case of a 58-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital due to frequent bloody mucus diarrhea. She was diagnosed with cap polyposis based on typical endoscopic and histological findings. Colonoscopy revealed multiple, reddish, mucus-capped polypoid lesions from the rectum to the sigmoid colon. A pathological examination revealed that the polyps were covered by erosive and inflamed granulation tissue with decreased crypt cells. Laboratory data indicated positive values for Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G antibody and hypoproteinemia. Metronidazole, H. pylori eradication, and levofloxacin therapies were not effective; however, the subsequent administration of betamethasone enema dramatically improved the clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings. The hypoproteinemia was normalized after the therapy. The dose of the betamethasone enema was tapered gradually, and no recurrence was observed 6 months after discontinuation of the treatment. This case suggests that betamethasone enema may be considered as the second treatment choice for cap polyposis patients after H. pylori eradication, metronidazole or levofloxacin therapy.
Increasing Prevalence of Right-Sided Colonic Adenomas in a High-Volume Endoscopy Department in Romania: Implications for Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Visovan Irina Ioana , Tantau Marcel , Ciobanu Lidia , Pascu Oliviu , Tantau Alina
Published: June 2014

Background & Aims: A gradual shift of colorectal adenoma and carcinoma location toward the proximalcolon has been recently observed both in the United States and Europe. We aimed to study the polyp andadenoma detection rate in a major endoscopy center of northwestern Romania over a 16-year period, and to characterize the distribution and the pathological features of the removed polyps according to age and sex, in order to assess the trend of proximal adenoma prevalence in our population.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 9,230 consecutive colonoscopies performed between 1996 and 2011 in a high-volume outpatient clinic in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. We analyzed 2,436 complete colonoscopies that detected 3,642 polyps in two time periods: 1996 to 2003 and 2004 to 2011. We compared the number, size and histopathological features of the polyps removed from the right-sided colon and the left sided-colon in the two periods.Results: An increasing trend of polyp detection rate in the right-sided colon was observed, from 9.36% in the first period to 12.17% in the second period (p<0.001). The prevalence of right-sided colon adenomas also presented an increased trend (OR 1.45; CI95% 1.02-2.05; p=0.03). High-grade dysplasia (HGD) was found in 8.6% of the adenomas and in 4.1% of the diminutive polyps. Advanced neoplasia was detected in 1.5% of persons younger than 50 years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evidenced that the right-sided polyps were significantly associated with the last time period (OR 1.3; p=0.001; CI95% 1.12-1.56), male gender (OR- 1.3; p=0.001; CI95% 1.1-1.5) and age above 48 years (OR 1.3; p=0.006: CI95% 1-1.6).Conclusion: An increasing trend of polyp detection rate in the right-sided colon was documented, with anincreasing prevalence of right-sided adenomas. The evaluation of the proximal colon is particularly important in males aged over 48. A clear-cut risk of HGD in the diminutive polyps and in the middle age subjects has been also observed.
A Single or Split Dose Picosulphate/Magnesium Citrate Before Colonoscopy: Comparison Regarding Tolerance and Eficacy with Polyethylene Glycol. A Randomized Trial
Authors: Kojecky Vladimir , Dolina Jiri , Kianicka Bohuslav , Misurec Miroslav , Varga Michal , Latta Jiri , Vaculin Vladimir
Published: June 2014

Background & Aims: To compare the eficacy and tolerance of sodium picosulphate/magnesium citrate(PMC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in a single or split dose regimen for colonoscopy bowel preparation.Methods: A prospective, randomized, endoscopist-blinded, multicenter study. The patients were randomly assigned to receive PMC (PMC4/0) or PEG (PEG4/0) in a single dose 4L day before colonoscopy or a split dose 2+2L PMC (PMC2/2) or 3+1L PEG (PEG3/1) one day before and in the morning before the colonoscopy. Each patient was interviewed to determine his/her subjective tolerance of the preparation before the procedure. The quality of bowel cleansing was assessed in a blinded test performed by multiple endoscopists using the Aronchick scale.Results: A total of 600 patients were enrolled, 88.2% were included in the analysis. Satisfactory bowel cleansing (Aronchick score 1 and 2) was signicantly more frequent when a split dose was used irrespective of the solution type (81.6% PMC2/2, 87.3% PEG3/1 vs. 73.0% PEG4/0, p = 0.024). In single dose regimens, PMC performed better than PEG (82.6% vs. 73.0%). Single or split dose PMC preparations were comparable. A PMC based solution was generally better tolerated than PEG regardless of the regimen used (p < 0.001). Nausea was reported mostly after the 4L PEG (32.8%, p < 0.001), incontinence after a split PMC dose (34.4%, p = 0.002), and bloating after the 4L PEG (38.0%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of vomiting.Conclusion: Colonic preparation with PMC yields similar results as a split PEG dose, regardless of whether PMC is administered in single or separate doses. PMC is better tolerated than any PEG-based preparation. A single 4L PEG the day before the colonoscopy is less appropriate for bowel cleansing.
Comparing Information from Focus-Group Interviews with That Obtained by Surveys in An ESL Environment
Authors: Lam Paul , Lee Jack , McNaught Carmel
Published: June 2014

A great deal has been said about the strengths and weaknesses of the qualitative strategy of focus-group meetings but there has been insufficient illustration with empirical data. Focus groups are an expensive strategy, especially in an English-second-language (ESL) environment where translation is required as well as transcription. Because almost all focus groups in at The Chinese University of Hong Kong are conducted in Chinese, our aim was to ascertain what additional value (if any) was provided by focus groups when compared with surveys. We reviewed the views collected in six focus-group meetings with findings from surveys in six cases, where similar questions were asked with the two evaluation strategies to similar groups of students. We found that focus-group meetings provided the researchers with in-depth information of pertinent issues that enriched the survey data; in the paper, examples of ‘extension’, ‘elaboration’ and ‘consolidation’ of topics are explored. However, the opinions collected through focus groups may be questionable in terms of their generalizability because of a complex set of discussion dynamics. We will maintain our current practice of using both focus groups and surveys and triangulating the data.
Practitioners’ Perceptions of The Gap Between the Rhetoric of Moser Committee SFL Recommendations and The Reality Of Policy Implementation
Authors: Ade-Ojo Gordon O.
Published: June 2014

This paper reports the findings of a study which sought to explore the gap between the rhetoric of the Skills for Life (SfL) policy and the reality of implementation from the view point of practitioners. The study assumes the position that an analysis of policy implementation is most fruitful if it took into account varying views as advocated by the post-modernist/behavioural paradigm of implementation gap analysis. Data were collected through the use of a questionnaire supported by a focus group interview from a convenience group of trainee specialist SfL teachers. The study found that practitioners predominantly held the view that there were gaps between the SfL policy elements and the reality of their implementation. It concluded that among several possible reasons for the observed gap, the absence of meaning makers between policy makers and policy implementation might be one of the most significant. The study, therefore, advocated for policy makers to endeavour to include meaning makers in the process of policy making.
The Enabling Constraints of Building an Assessment Pedagogy: Engaging Pre-service Teachers in a Professional Exploration of Current Conceptions of Classroom Assessment
Authors: Klinger Don A. , Shulha Lyn A. , Luce-Kapler Rebecca , Elliott Stephen
Published: June 2014

Teachers’ assessment practices can influence students’ learning by supporting instruction and, more importantly, by developing students’ self-monitoring skills and regulation of their learning. Contemporary notions of classroom assessment have moved beyond the traditional concepts of formative and summative assessment. These contemporary approaches require teachers to reconceptualize their orientation towards teaching and learning. Pre-service teachers believe they require a teaching and assessment toolbox in order to be successful. Hence, they struggle to move beyond simplistic notions of learning and assessment. Our research examines how the concepts of “Enabling Constraints” and “Wicked Problems” guide our own teaching and research while also developing pre-service teachers’ own conceptions of professional learning within the context of current conceptions of classroom assessment. Surveys, discussions, and assessments of approximately 700 pre-service teachers’ thinking and reflections about classroom assessment collected as part of in-class assessment activities provide the research data. Descriptive and thematic analyses highlight our challenges and successes as we work to meet the learning needs of pre-service teachers, while also creating a context for ongoing professional learning that helps pre-service teachers move beyond a simplistic, primarily instrumental orientation towards teaching and classroom assessment. The operational constraints of the B.Ed program have required us to carefully examine how best accomplish these goals. The introduction of “Wicked problems” has helped to highlight the complex relationships between teaching and assessment and the need to develop an assessment pedagogy that integrates assessment practices and theories.
Netgeneration and Computer Course
Authors: Bodnár Éva , Sass Judit
Published: June 2014

Teachers are facing now the influences of the information society and the problems of teaching the so called „net-generation”. The institutions try to adapt to these challenges by developing of digital learning modules, and adequate infrastructure. The students’ attitude toward e-learning was measured in two phases, in 2006 and 2010. CARS for measuring anxiety during working with computers. CAS measures Computer confidence and liking and achievement. There was difference between the students’ attitude (liking, confidence and achievement) in the two periods. The ‘net-generation’ has a less favourable attitude toward computers, than students of the year 2006. Gender difference also occurred, we found that men show better attitude toward computers in both samples. Both men’ and women’ results on Computer confidence subscale were the highest. There was difference in the age groups’ attitude components. 20-30-year-old student in the 2006 sample showed the most unfavourable, while 31-40-year-old student attitude is the most favourable. We found difference in students’ computer attitude depending on e-learning experience. The more the students experience is the more favourable their computer attitude is. The computer anxiety is significantly higher in the 2010 sample, women’ anxiety is also higher and in both sample the anxiety is decreases with e-learning experience. We find difference in the 2006 sample the 20-30 year-old group showed the highest level of anxiety, and the 31-40 year-old group anxiety was the lowest.
The Significance of al-Ghazālī and His Works for Indonesian Muslims: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Said Nurman
Published: June 2014

Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali (1058-1111) was a unique figure in the intellectual history of Islam. In this article will be reviewed several factors that made al-Ghazali had a fascination for the Indonesian Islamic community. The author reveals that the appeal of al-Ghazali's thought is its success in integrating the formal religious teachings with internal spiritual appreciation.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v3i3.799
Nawāwī al-Bantānī: An Intellectual Master of the Pesantren Tradition
Authors: Rahman Abd
Published: June 2014

Nawawi al-Bantani is one of Indonesia's most prominent scholars in the 19th century. Due to the depth of his knowledge, he never holds the status as Haramayn priest, who taught in Mecca and Medina, as well as been invited to attend and give a talk in a kind of religious discussion in the University al-Azhar, Cairo. He is a very prolific writer who produced more than 100 works in at least nine fields of Islamic sciences: interpretation, fiqh, usul al-din, 'ilm tawhid, tasawwuf, the Prophet's history, Arabic grammar, hadith, and Morals. This paper describes that the emergence of al-Banteni as great scholars closely associated with Islamic tradition and to talk briefly about the views of al-Banteni in four areas: interpretation, Sufism and morals, Islamic law, and Tawhid.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v3i3.801
Al-Taṣawwuf wa al-Ṭuruq al-Ṣūfiyyah fī Indūnīsiyā
Authors: Zain Hamid Nasuhi
Published: June 2014

Since the 17th century, the history of tasawwuf or mysticism and Islamic congregation in Indonesia shows the dynamics and development. At that time, the world is very fierce battle marked tasawwuf among which tends unortodoks (wujudiyyah) with the orthodox (fiqh orientation). This phenomenon can be seen both in Java and in Aceh. Pendulum understand Sufism in Aceh during the first swing to flow wujudiyyah pioneered Fansuri Hamzah and his teachings later developed by his student, Shams al-Sumatrani. This paper discusses the history and development of tasawwuf and Sufi congregations in Indonesia dates to the 17th century until the early 20th century.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v3i3.803
Pola-pola Persepsi Belanda terhadap Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Ali-Fauzi Ihsan
Published: June 2014

This is the first work in book form which attempt to portray Westren perception, particularly the Dutch, of Islam in Indonesia during a long period of 1596 to 1942. According to Steenbrink, author of this work, in the long history of Dutch colonialism in the archipelago, there can be identified four major patterns of Dutch perception of an attitude toward Islam in Indonesia. All these patterns which, by and large, viewed Islam in a negative way constantly persited, even though with some small cases of exception.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v3i3.804
Ulama Indunisiyya al-Qarni al-Thamin Ashr Tarjamah Muhammad Arshad al-Banjari wa Afkaruhu
Authors: Anwar Khairil
Published: June 2014

In the 17th and 18th centuries, Haramayn be one of the intellectual centers of the most prominent Muslim in the Middle East. In these times of a number of Indonesian students studying in Haramayn participate. They are, when returning to Indonesia became the leading scholars, who later was instrumental in the development of Islam in the region. Among the scholars was Muhammad al-Banjari Arsyad. Career al-Banjari is one example of the dynamics of Islamic intellectualism in Indonesia. And, no doubt he has a big role in strengthening the rise of Sunni orthodoxy, in particular through fiqhnya very famous book, Sabil al-Muhtadin. This book is still used to this day among the Indonesian Muslim community.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v3i4.794
Penemuan Bangsa Melayu
Authors: Burhanudin Jajat
Published: June 2014

This work discusses the process of inventing politics by Malay society, with special attention to the debate and contest of three ideological orientations which have emerged within the society since British colonialization. Tese three ideological orientations arae Kerajaan, Kebangsaan, and Islam. They have been involved in the struggle and the debate concerning the attempt to formulate the community and identity of Malay society, the principles of social organization, and the way individuals are perceived.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v3i4.797
Pesantren and Tarekat in the Modern Era: An Account of the Transmission of Traditional Islam in Java
Authors: AG. Muhaimin
Published: June 2014

In Java, boarding schools and institutes are the two institutions that usually bears the stamp of Traditional Islam. Both institutions have the same mission, namely conveying and preserving the Islamic tradition from generation to generation. More specialized mission boarding schools in the transmission of Islamic tradition among the younger generation so that they are ready to take active roles in society without forgetting the long-term goals, which is looking for safety and happiness in the life hereafter. While the congregation Islamic tradition prefers transmission among hosts that they are prepared for life in the hereafter at the time was the end of life draws near. Often also occurs in both the mission there, or assumed by, the same institution. Pesantren Buntet is one example of the vitality and dynamics in the mission is interesting to watch.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i1.785
Indonesia’s Nurcholish Madjid and Abdurrahman Wahid as Intellectual ‘Ulamā’: The Meeting of Islamic Traditionalism and Modernism in neo-Modernist Thought
Authors: Barton Greg
Published: June 2014

Indonesian Islamic discourse of the modern record Nurcholish Madjid and Abdurrahman Wahid as the two main characters for the development of a reform movement known as neo-modernism movement. The question that should be asked is: why neo-Modernist Islamic thought this was so a place among Indonesian Muslims?DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i1.786
Indonesia’s Emerging Muslim Feminism: Women Leaders on Equality, Inheritance and Other Gender Issues
Authors: Feillard Andrée
Published: June 2014

In this article, whose title means "Muslim feminism emerging in Indonesia: women leaders about the similarities, inheritance, and other gender issues", In this article the author presents and discusses a number of Indonesian Muslim women on various issues concerning gender, or relations and the division of roles between women and men in social life.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i1.787
Al-Islām al-Thawrī: Mushkilat al-Ḥājj Mohammad Misbāch
Authors: Zahrah Siti
Published: June 2014

H. Mohammad Misbach was born in 1876 in Kauman, Surakarta, from batik successful merchant family. As an adult he could wrestle batik trading business, to be successful. Because her character is revolutionary and happy association, Misbach finally abandon their batik and began to cultivate the intellectual. Misbach entry of a West Irian Jaya (Inlandsche Journalisten Bond) in 1914 and the merger with Sarekat Islam (SI) marked the beginning of his involvement in the world of movement. Moving his religious outlook of Islam, suggests that Misbach want to "move Islam" as the power to transform colonial socio-political order, not just to legitimize and maintain it.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i1.789
Taṭawwur al-Tarbīyah al-Islāmīyah (Surau) fī Minangkabau
Authors: Mulyani Mulyani
Published: June 2014

The development of Islam in Minangkabau is inseparable from the development of Islamic education and broadcasting that took place in the surau-surau. Position surau in Minangkabau as important as the position in the context of the development of Islamic boarding schools in Java. As pesantren, surau a printer agent of the scholars responsible for transmitting the teachings of Islam and building societies to be the people who obey the above teachings.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i1.790
NU: Pergumulan Islam dan ABRI di Masa Kontemporer
Authors: Meuleman J.H.
Published: June 2014

The following article offers a review of a recent book bu Andree Feillard, followed by an extensive summary. This abstract will present the main points of the review.During the long period she lived in Indonesia, the attention of the French researcher and journalist, Andree Feillard, was particularly attracted to the large Indonesian traditionalist Muslim movement, the Nahdatul Ulama (NU). This is the main object of the book under review, whose title in English translation is "Islam anad Army in Contemporary Indonesia. The Pioneers of Tradition". The main objective of the book is to explain why in 1984 the NU decided to return to its original policy of concentrating on educational and social activities, after a long period of involvement in parliamentary politics. A futher aim of the book is to analyze the impact of this decision.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i1.791
Rahmah al-Yūnusiyah, Mu’assisah al-Ma‘had al-Dīnī li al-Banāt Bādānj Bānjānj—Sūmatrah al-Gharbiyyah
Authors: Rasyad Aminuddin
Published: June 2014

Rahmah al-Yunusiyah was born on December 29, 1900 and grew up in an Islamic family in Padang Panjang in West Sumatra. His father was a religious functionary of the local Isalmic court (qadi) while her gran father was a shaykh of the Nagshabandiyyah sufi order. Her oldest brother, Zainuddin Labai al-Yunusi (1890-1924) was one of the great Islamic reformers in Minangkabau. In 1915, he established the Diniyah school, the first modern Islamic school in Indonesia. In that school, Zainuddin, among other things implemented the classical learning system, co-education and modern sciences at a time when most Islamic school were stil preoccupied with traditional Islamic science.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i2.782
Determinisme Soeharto dan Masa Depan Orde Baru
Authors: Fatah Eep Saefullah
Published: June 2014

Leadership and Culture is a collection of Liddle's articles which had been published in some journal and books. Written over the course of 1984-1993, these article were classified into two main themes. The first theme consists of four articles, is designed to look at the future of this regime, especially in its relationship with the changing political climate and the agenda of democratization.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i2.784
Paradigma Baru lslam di Indonesia
Authors: Ali-Fauzi Ihsan
Published: June 2014

This book is product of a series of conferences designed for serious scholars who wish to investigate new trends of Islamic thought in Indonesia. It is intended to meet e need felt by those whose understanding of Indonesian Islam has been hampered by a number of major developments of religious phenomena since the advance of the New Order regime that, to a significant degree, provides a new paradigm among Indonesian Muslims. the purpose of this book, according to the editor, is to provide an academic map through political and anthropological studies; it seeks to present Muslim's perspective in the light "new paradigm" to study Indonesian Islam.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i3.776
Synergistic photo-release of drugs by non-linear excitation
Authors: Voliani Valerio , Signore Giovanni , Vittorio Orazio , Faraci Paolo , Luin Stefano , Peréz-Prieto Julia , Beltram Fabio
Published: June 2014

Nanomaterials engineered in novel multi-modular systems in which every component works in a synergistic way with others could potentially lead to a completely new type of tools for nanomedicine. The development of nanostructures able to release drugs directly within the target after a stimulus can drastically improve the therapeutics efficiency by reducing side effects. Gold nanoparticles offer one of the most suitable platforms for the development of modular nano-devices. On the one hand, their surface properties enable effective coating by peptides containing at least one cysteine, thus yielding stable and non-cytotoxic systems. On the other, their intriguing photophysics, characterized by the surface plasmon resonance, can be exploited for novel excitation schemes. Doxorubicin is a widely used, but toxic, cancer chemotherapeutic agent. In order to localize its therapeutic action while minimizing its side effects, doxorubicin was covalently conjugated to 30 nm peptide-encapsulated gold nanospheres by click-chemistry and then it was photo-released in a controlled fashion through the cleavage of the 1,2,3-triazolic ring by a multiphoton process using 561 nm irradiation at µW power. Selective apoptosis of human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells was observed only in the irradiated 100x100 micron area in less than six minutes after the stimulus. Notably, the apoptotic effect of doxorubicin was completely inhibited for at least eight hours until its release “on demand” was externally light-triggered.