bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Commentary on Social Media Research From the Perspective of a Sport Communication Journal Editor
Authors: Pedersen Paul M.
Published: March 2014

This Twitter Research Forum essay by International Journal of Sport Communication (IJSC) Editor and leading strategic sport media scholar Paul Pedersen provides an important perspective on the challenges encountered by scholarly journals to the rise of interest in social media and sport. Using metrics on the content of articles published in IJSC, Pedersen notes publications concerning social media and sport have now reached parity with research on legacy media in electronic and print forms. Pedersen observes that because social media data are often readily available, scholars can quickly produce social media thematic/content analyses and surveys and that these are less taxing and time consuming when compared to other methods appropriate to studying other topics. This has resulted in a seeming avalanche of social media and sport submissions and raises questions about whether journals focused exclusively on digital media and sport are needed. The rise in submissions has presented challenges in selecting appropriate reviewers and raised risks of an academic groupthink within delimited quarters of the sport communication academic community. The essay closes with suggestions for research on sport and social media to advance its agenda to inquiry that is more innovative, rigorous, substantive, and significant.
Following the Followers
Authors: Rowe David
Published: March 2014

This Twitter Research Forum essay by Communication & Sport Associate Editor David Rowe explores the common assumption that Twitter has insinuated itself into all the communicative crevices of contemporary everyday life, including those set in the sporting context. Invoking Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions, it is noted that the interpretive ground for communicative innovations such as Twitter (and its import broadly and in sport in the particular) are often staked out by bipolar—conservative and innovative and dystopian and utopian—projections. Rowe notes that the fragility and unpredictability of the capitalist marketplace should not be forgotten in assessing the euphoria about and real effects of Twitter in sport and elsewhere. The essay concludes by noting that, in approaching Twitter, it is imperative that sport researchers understand that powerful forces are at work although their precise timing, place, and extent may be (as yet) unknown.
Twitter as Disruptive Innovation in Sport Communication
Authors: Pegoraro Ann
Published: March 2014

This Twitter Research Forum essay by Ann Pegoraro, one of the leading sport management and marketing scholars on social media, focuses on the need to study Twitter as a disruptive innovation in sport communication. Making a case that Twitter has disrupted the one-to-many, single-medium framework of sport consumption traditionally offered by television to the many-to-many possibilities of Internet-enabled sport participatory consumption, Pegoraro poses that Twitter’s disruptiveness is distinctive in that it was up to the users to define how this platform would be used. Noting varied response to research on Twitter and sport, it is argued that the research process and the building of theory is necessarily not a neat and tidy direct line process. In observing that much research on Twitter and sport to date has ported many of the categories of research agendas and key theories that have driven earlier research on media and sport, the essay concludes that the research process that has been started portends hope for future comprehensive theoretical analysis.
Health Outcomes of Infants in a PMTCT Program in Kinshasa
Authors: Ditekemena John , Matendo Richard , Colebunders Robert , Koole Olivier , Bielen Gabrielle , Nkuna Michel , Engmann Cyril , Tshefu Antoinette , Ryder Robert ,   PTME-Glaser Group
Published: March 2014

Effective follow-up of mother–infant pairs is critical for ensuring the success of preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with health outcomes of exposed infants in a PMTCT program in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Data were collected from January 2005 through December 2008 in 2 maternities in Kinshasa, DRC. The exposed infant’s health status was used as outcome. Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify the determinants of infant outcomes. A total of 309 mother–infant pairs were included in this study. Younger maternal age, breast-feeding but weaning before the age of 6 months, and HIV testing of the child and a mother who is not sick were associated with better infant health outcome. The follow-up of mother–infant pairs in PMTCT programs remains critical and challenging. There is a need for innovative and efficient strategies to improve retention of mother–infant pairs in PMTCT programs.
Treatment Response in Association with Adherence Patterns to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Pediatric Patients with Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection
Authors: Malhotra Amisha , Whitley-Williams Patricia N. , Gaur Sunanda , Petrova Anna
Published: March 2014

Background:

Assessment of longitudinal adherence patterns on virologic and immunologic responses to HAART in perinatally acquired HIV patients has not been studied.

Methods:

Perinatally infected pediatric HIV patients with adherence documented at least twice and corresponding viral load and T-cell (%) data measured during 2008-2009 were studied. Multiple adherence measures were utilized to identify patients with persistent adherence, nonadherence, or alteration of adherence. Virologic and immunologic outcomes were assessed.

Results:

Persistent adherence, nonadherence, and alteration of adherence to HAART were recorded in 41.9%, 8.1%, and 50.0% of 62 studied patients. Persistent adherence was associated with higher likelihood for persistent virologic suppression and lower risk for persistent virologic failure.

Conclusion:

Alteration of adherence to HAART is a significant predictor of persistent virologic failure and high viremia in perinatally infected HIV patients. Implementation of longitudinal adherence assessments may target patients with nonsustained adherence patterns and help decrease the risk for virologic failure and disease progression.
Effect of HEDP on copper electroplating from non-cyanide alkaline baths
Authors: Li M. G. , Wei G. Y. , Li M. , Wang J. F. , Chen L. , Zhao X. X.
Published: March 2014

Effects of the different concentrations of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) on copper electroplating from non-cyanide baths with two complexing agents were investigated by different electrochemical methods. Cyclic voltammetry and current transient measurements were used to characterise the copper electroplating system in order to analyse the nucleation and growth mechanism. The quartz crystal microbalance and chronoamperometric methods were used to study the relationship between the mass change and the deposition time. The current efficiency of electrolytes without HEDP was 95·39%. However, when the HEDP concentration was 40, 60 and 80 g L−1, the current efficiency was 93·76, 92·87 and 94·93% respectively. The structure and surface morphology of Cu films were analysed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphology of copper films obtained with 40 g L−1 HEDP presented a smooth and compact deposit, and the size of crystal particle was uniform.
Influence of paper surface characteristics on digital printing quality
Authors: Ataeefard M.
Published: March 2014

Today's demands for high quality digital printing emphasise the importance of paper surface. This work demonstrates the effects of surface topography and appearance on printing quality. Samples were printed in black and white with a laser jet printer under identical conditions, using different types of paper in order to have different surface properties. The papers and printed samples were evaluated with atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gloss meter, spectrophotometer, and densitometer. Results showed that the decrease in surface roughness increased optical density and print quality. Moreover, the gloss of the papers significantly influenced print quality by decreasing it. The effect of the colourimetric values of the papers on the colourimetric values of the final printed samples were less significant in higher optical density printed samples.
Electrodeposition and characterisation of Ni–TiC nanocomposite using Watts bath
Authors: Raja M. , Ramesh Bapu G. N. K. , Maharaja J. , Sekar R.
Published: March 2014

Nickel–titanium carbide nanocomposite coating was electrodeposited on mild steel substrate using Watts nickel bath, and the extent of TiC incorporation into nickel matrix was studied with respect to various TiC particle concentrations 2–15 g L−1, bath pH 2–5 at 30–60°C and current density 2–10 Adm−2. The volume percentage of TiC particle incorporation into the nickel matrix was found, and surface morphology, crystal size, phase of the nanocomposite, corrosion behaviour and microhardness of the Ni–TiC composite deposits were studied. It was found that the incorporation of TiC particles into the nickel matrix increased with increasing concentration of TiC particle and modified the surface morphology and orientation of the Ni–TiC deposit. A content of 10·8 vol.-%TiC particle incorporated Ni–TiC nanocomposite deposit was obtained with 8 g L−1 TiC in the nickel bath at 8 Adm−2, pH 4, 50°C and showed better corrosion resistance and higher hardness than nickel.
A non–complement-fixing antibody to β2 glycoprotein I as a novel therapy for antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Agostinis Chiara , Durigutto Paolo , Sblattero Daniele , Borghi Maria O. , Grossi Claudia , Guida Filomena , Bulla Roberta , Macor Paolo , Pregnolato Francesca , Meroni Pier Luigi , Tedesco Francesco
Published: March 2014

Key Points

A recombinant antibody recognizing the D1 domain of β2 glycoprotein I induces fetal loss and clot formation in animal models. The CH2-deleted antibody fails to activate complement and prevents the procoagulant and proabortive effects of patient antibodies.
Artificial oxidative stress-tolerant Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Lee Joo-Young , Lee Hyo Jung , Seo Jiyoon , Kim Eung-Soo , Lee Heung-Shick , Kim Pil
Published: March 2014

We have reported a transcription profile of an adapted Corynebacterium glutamicum that showed enhanced oxidative stress resistance. To construct an artificial oxidative stress-resistant strain, gene clusters in the β-ketoadipate pathway, which were up-regulated in the adapted strain, were artificially expressed in the wild-type C. glutamicum. The wild-type strain was unable to grow under 2 mM H2O2 containing minimal medium, while the strains expressing pca gene clusters restored growth under the same medium, and the pcaHGBC expression showed the most significant effect among the gene clusters. The expressions of pca gene clusters also enabled the wild-type to increase its resistance against oxidative stressors, such as diamide and cumene hydroperoxide, as well as H2O2. The oxidative stress tolerance of the strain was correlated to the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging activity of the cell extract. The reason for the enhanced oxidative stress-resistance of C. glutamicum and its applications on the synthetic strain development are discussed.
Aging and Risk of Severe, Disabling, Life-Threatening, and Fatal Events in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Armstrong Gregory T. , Kawashima Toana , Leisenring Wendy , Stratton Kayla , Stovall Marilyn , Hudson Melissa M. , Sklar Charles A. , Robison Leslie L , Oeffinger Kevin C.
Published: March 2014

Purpose

The first generation of childhood cancer survivors is now aging into their fourth and fifth decades of life, yet health risks across the aging spectrum are not well established.

Methods

Analyses included 14,359 5-year survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, who were first diagnosed when they were younger than 21 years old and who received follow-up for a median of 24.5 years after diagnosis (range, 5.0 to 39.3 years) along with 4,301 of their siblings. Among the survivors, 5,604 were at least 35 years old (range, 35 to 62 years) at last follow-up. Severe, disabling, life-threatening, and fatal health conditions more than 5 years from diagnosis were classified using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, grades 3 to 5 (National Cancer Institute).

Results

The cumulative incidence of a severe, disabling, life-threatening, or fatal health condition was greater among survivors than siblings (53.6%; 95% CI, 51.5 to 55.6; v 19.8%; 95% CI, 17.0 to 22.7) by age 50 years. When comparing survivors with siblings, hazard ratios (HR) were significantly increased within the age group of 5 to 19 years (HR, 6.8; 95% CI, 5.5 to 8.3), age group of 20 to 34 years (HR, 3.8; 95% CI, 3.2 to 4.5), and the ≥ 35 years group (HR, 5.0; 95% CI, 4.1 to 6.1), with the HR significantly higher among those ≥ 35 years versus those 20 to 34 years old (P = .03). Among survivors who reached age 35 years without a previous grade 3 or 4 condition, 25.9% experienced a subsequent grade 3 to 5 condition within 10 years, compared with 6.0% of siblings (P < .001).

Conclusion

Elevated risk for morbidity and mortality among survivors increases further beyond the fourth decade of life, which affects the future clinical demands of this population relative to ongoing surveillance and interventions.
Bevacizumab Combined With Chemotherapy for Platinum-Resistant Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: The AURELIA Open-Label Randomized Phase III Trial
Authors: Pujade-Lauraine Eric , Hilpert Felix , Weber Béatrice , Reuss Alexander , Poveda Andres , Kristensen Gunnar , Sorio Roberto , Vergote Ignace , Witteveen Petronella , Bamias Aristotelis , Pereira Deolinda , Wimberger Pauline , Oaknin Ana , Mirza Mansoor Raza , Follana Philippe , Bollag David , Ray-Coquard Isabelle
Published: March 2014

Purpose

In platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (OC), single-agent chemotherapy is standard. Bevacizumab is active alone and in combination. AURELIA is the first randomized phase III trial to our knowledge combining bevacizumab with chemotherapy in platinum-resistant OC.

Patients and Methods

Eligible patients had measurable/assessable OC that had progressed < 6 months after completing platinum-based therapy. Patients with refractory disease, history of bowel obstruction, or > two prior anticancer regimens were ineligible. After investigators selected chemotherapy (pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, weekly paclitaxel, or topotecan), patients were randomly assigned to single-agent chemotherapy alone or with bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks or 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks) until progression, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal. Crossover to single-agent bevacizumab was permitted after progression with chemotherapy alone. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) by RECIST. Secondary end points included objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), safety, and patient-reported outcomes.

Results

The PFS hazard ratio (HR) after PFS events in 301 of 361 patients was 0.48 (95% CI, 0.38 to 0.60; unstratified log-rank P < .001). Median PFS was 3.4 months with chemotherapy alone versus 6.7 months with bevacizumab-containing therapy. RECIST ORR was 11.8% versus 27.3%, respectively (P = .001). The OS HR was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.66 to 1.08; P < .174; median OS, 13.3 v 16.6 months, respectively). Grade ≥ 2 hypertension and proteinuria were more common with bevacizumab. GI perforation occurred in 2.2% of bevacizumab-treated patients.

Conclusion

Adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy statistically significantly improved PFS and ORR; the OS trend was not significant. No new safety signals were observed.
Omitting Radiotherapy in Early Positron Emission Tomography–Negative Stage I/II Hodgkin Lymphoma Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Early Relapse: Clinical Results of the Preplanned Interim Analysis of the Randomized EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10 Trial
Authors: Raemaekers John M.M. , André Marc P.E. , Federico Massimo , Girinsky Theodore , Oumedaly Reman , Brusamolino Ercole , Brice Pauline , Fermé Christophe , van der Maazen Richard , Gotti Manuel , Bouabdallah Reda , Sebban Catherine J. , Lievens Yolande , Re Allessandro , Stamatoullas Aspasia , Morschhauser Frank , Lugtenburg Pieternella J. , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Olivier Pierre , Casasnovas Rene-Olivier , van Imhoff Gustaaf , Raveloarivahy Tiana , Bellei Monica , van der Borght Thierry , Bardet Stephane , Versari Annibale , Hutchings Martin , Meignan Michel , Fortpied Catherine
Published: March 2014

Purpose

Combined-modality treatment is standard treatment for patients with clinical stage I/II Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). We hypothesized that an early positron emission tomography (PET) scan could be used to adapt treatment. Therefore, we started the randomized EORTC/LYSA/FIL Intergroup H10 trial evaluating whether involved-node radiotherapy (IN-RT) could be omitted without compromising progression-free survival in patients attaining a negative early PET scan after two cycles of ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) as compared with standard combined-modality treatment.

Patients and Methods

Patients age 15 to 70 years with untreated clinical stage I/II HL were eligible. Here we report the clinical outcome of the preplanned interim futility analysis scheduled to occur after documentation of 34 events in the early PET–negative group. Because testing for futility in this noninferiority trial corresponds to testing the hypothesis of no difference, a one-sided superiority test was conducted.

Results

The analysis included 1,137 patients. In the favorable subgroup, 85.8% had a negative early PET scan (standard arm, one event v experimental arm, nine events). In the unfavorable subgroup, 74.8% had a negative early PET scan (standard arm, seven events v experimental arm, 16 events). The independent data monitoring committee concluded it was unlikely that we would show noninferiority in the final results for the experimental arm and advised stopping random assignment for early PET–negative patients.

Conclusion

On the basis of this analysis, combined-modality treatment resulted in fewer early progressions in clinical stage I/II HL, although early outcome was excellent in both arms. The final analysis will reveal whether this finding is maintained over time.
Phase III Study Comparing Amrubicin Plus Cisplatin With Irinotecan Plus Cisplatin in the Treatment of Extensive-Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer: JCOG 0509
Authors: Satouchi Miyako , Kotani Yoshikazu , Shibata Taro , Ando Masahiko , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Ichinose Yukito , Ohe Yuichiro , Nishio Makoto , Hida Toyoaki , Takeda Koji , Kimura Tatsuo , Minato Koichi , Yokoyama Akira , Atagi Shinji , Fukuda Haruhiko , Tamura Tomohide , Saijo Nagahiro
Published: March 2014

Purpose

This randomized phase III trial was conducted to confirm noninferiority of amrubicin plus cisplatin (AP) compared with irinotecan plus cisplatin (IP) in terms of overall survival (OS) in chemotherapy-naive patients with extensive-disease (ED) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Patients and Methods

Chemotherapy-naive patients with ED-SCLC were randomly assigned to receive IP, composed of irinotecan 60 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 on day 1 every 4 weeks, or AP, composed of amrubicin 40 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 on day 1 every 3 weeks.

Results

A total of 284 patients were randomly assigned to IP (n = 142) and AP (n = 142) arms. The point estimate of OS hazard ratio (HR) for AP to IP in the second interim analysis exceeded the noninferior margin (HR, 1.31), resulting in early publication because of futility. In updated analysis, median survival time was 17.7 (IP) versus 15.0 months (AP; HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.85), median progression-free survival was 5.6 (IP) versus 5.1 months (AP; HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.73), and response rate was 72.3% (IP) versus 77.9% (AP; P = .33). Adverse events observed in IP and AP arms were grade 4 neutropenia (22.5% v 79.3%), grade 3 to 4 febrile neutropenia (10.6% v 32.1%), and grade 3 to 4 diarrhea (7.7% v 1.4%).

Conclusion

AP proved inferior to IP in this trial, perhaps because the efficacy of amrubicin as a salvage therapy was differentially beneficial to IP. IP remains the standard treatment for extensive-stage SCLC in Japan.
“Now We're All Snug!”: The Regionalism ofLittle House on the Prairie
Authors: Slater Katharine
Published: March 2014

Little House on the Prairie participates in a nationalist project by reframing the pioneer local as coveted and critical to the construction of US empire. Writing in the tradition of Great Plains regional literature, Laura Ingalls Wilder and Rose Wilder Lane ground this novel's deep nostalgia in an aesthetics of homemaking, encouraging young readers to mourn for a vanished past through their carefully crafted lexicon of desire and intimacy. The building of the little house itself is a production of snugness made possible by the theft of Osage lands. Ultimately, Prairie creates a close, comforting local space in which getting and having become the inevitable results of appropriative longing.
Switching on cilia: transcriptional networks regulating ciliogenesis
Authors: Choksi Semil P. , Lauter Gilbert , Swoboda Peter , Roy Sudipto
Published: March 2014

Cilia play many essential roles in fluid transport and cellular locomotion, and as sensory hubs for a variety of signal transduction pathways. Despite having a conserved basic morphology, cilia vary extensively in their shapes and sizes, ultrastructural details, numbers per cell, motility patterns and sensory capabilities. Emerging evidence indicates that this diversity, which is intimately linked to the different functions that cilia perform, is in large part programmed at the transcriptional level. Here, we review our understanding of the transcriptional control of ciliary biogenesis, highlighting the activities of FOXJ1 and the RFX family of transcriptional regulators. In addition, we examine how a number of signaling pathways, and lineage and cell fate determinants can induce and modulate ciliogenic programs to bring about the differentiation of distinct cilia types.
Tight coupling between nucleus and cell migration through the perinuclear actin cap
Authors: Kim Dong-Hwee , Cho Sangkyun , Wirtz Denis
Published: March 2014

Although eukaryotic cells are known to alternate between “advancing” episodes of fast and persistent movement and “hesitation” episodes of low speed and low persistence, the molecular mechanism that controls the dynamic changes in morphology, speed, and persistence of eukaryotic migratory cells remains unclear. Here, we show that the movement of the interphase nucleus during random cell migration switches intermittently between two distinct modes - rotation and translocation - that follow with high fidelity the sequential rounded and elongated morphologies of the nucleus and cell body, respectively. Nuclear rotation and translocation respectively mediate the stop-and-go motion of the cell through the dynamic formation and dissolution of the contractile perinuclear actin cap, which is dynamically coupled to the nuclear lamina and the nuclear envelope through LINC complexes. A persistent cell movement and nuclear translocation driven by the actin cap are halted following the disruption of the actin cap, which in turn allows the cell to repolarize for its next persistent move thanks to nuclear rotation mediated by cytoplasmic dynein light intermediate chain 2.
Dissection of open chromatin domain formation by site specific recombination inDrosophila
Authors: Zielke Thomas , Saumweber Harald
Published: March 2014

Drosophila polytene interphase chromosomes provide an ideal test system to study the rules that define the structure of chromatin domains. We established a transgenic condensed chromatin domain cassette for the insertion of large pieces of DNA by site specific recombination. Insertion of this cassette into open chromatin generated a condensed domain, visible as an extra band on polytene chromosomes. Site specific recombination of DNA sequence variants into this ectopic band allowed us to compare their capacity for open chromatin formation by cytogenetic methods. We demonstrate that the 61C7-8 interband DNA maintains its open chromatin conformation and epigenetic state at an ectopic position. By deletion analysis we mapped the sequences essential for open chromatin formation to a 490 bp fragment in the proximal part of the 17 kb interband sequence. This fragment overlaps binding sites of the chromatin protein Chriz, the histone kinase Jil-1 and the boundary element protein CP190. It also overlaps a promoter region that locates in between the Rev1 and Med30 transcription units.
Nanostructure-controlled Materials for Electrochemical Charging–Discharging
Authors: Moriguchi Isamu
Published: March 2014

Down-sizing of Li-host materials is one of the recent research trends to develop high-performance electrode materials. Nanosized materials are expected to show high rate capability and/or high capacities. Nanoporous materials are also candidates for high-performance electrode materials. This review introduces recent studies on nanosized and nanoporous electrode materials toward developing high-performance energy-storage devices.
Determination of Outer Skin in Dry Onions by Hyperspectral Imaging Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
Authors: Vincke Damien , Baeten Vincent , Sinnaeve Georges , Dardenne Pierre , Pierna Juan Antonio Fernández
Published: March 2014

The scope of this work is to propose a method based on near infrared hyperspectral imaging to automatically sort different parts of onions (dry peel, outer skin and onion bulbs) produced during specific industrial processes. For this purpose, two procedures have been developed; one is based on computation of the spectral area related to the organic sulphur band and the second one based on the discriminant chemometric tool PLS-DA. Both procedures have been compared by repeated measurements on artificial mixtures of dry peel and onions. This comparison indicated that PLS-DA produced the most accurate values while the study of spectral area seems to have the best repeatability. The PLS-DA procedure was then applied to several samples of mixed dried onions to compare the results with reference values obtained by manual counting. Based on the measurement repeatability, the stability of the results and the small differences between the reference and predicted values, this study has demonstrated the ability of near infrared hyperspectral imaging to identify and quantify the different parts of dry onions in mixtures.
Details of left ventricular radial wall motion supporting the ventricular theory of the third heart sound obtained by cardiac MR
Authors: Codreanu I , Robson M D , Rider O J , Pegg T J , Dasanu C A , Jung B A , Rotaru N , Clarke K , Holloway C J
Published: March 2014

Objective:

Obtaining new details of radial motion of left ventricular (LV) segments using velocity-encoding cardiac MRI.

Methods:

Cardiac MR examinations were performed on 14 healthy volunteers aged between 19 and 26 years. Cine images for navigator-gated phase contrast velocity mapping were acquired using a black blood segmented κ-space spoiled gradient echo sequence with a temporal resolution of 13.8 ms. Peak systolic and diastolic radial velocities as well as radial velocity curves were obtained for 16 ventricular segments.

Results:

Significant differences among peak radial velocities of basal and mid-ventricular segments have been recorded. Particular patterns of segmental radial velocity curves were also noted. An additional wave of outward radial movement during the phase of rapid ventricular filling, corresponding to the expected timing of the third heart sound, appeared of particular interest.

Conclusion:

The technique has allowed visualization of new details of LV radial wall motion. In particular, higher peak systolic radial velocities of anterior and inferior segments are suggestive of a relatively higher dynamics of anteroposterior vs lateral radial motion in systole. Specific patterns of radial motion of other LV segments may provide additional insights into LV mechanics.

Advances in knowledge:

The outward radial movement of LV segments impacted by the blood flow during rapid ventricular filling provides a potential substrate for the third heart sound. A biphasic radial expansion of the basal anteroseptal segment in early diastole is likely to be related to the simultaneous longitudinal LV displacement by the stretched great vessels following repolarization and their close apposition to this segment.
Modeling enzootic raccoon rabies from land use patterns - Georgia (USA) 2006-2010
Authors: Duke John E. , Blanton Jesse D. , Ivey Melissa , Rupprecht Charles
Published: March 2014

We analyzed how land-use patterns and changes in urbanization influence reported rabid raccoons in Georgia from 2006 - 2010.  Using Geographical Information Systems and rabies surveillance data, multivariate analysis was conducted on 15 land-use variables that included natural topography, agricultural development, and urbanization to model positive raccoon rabies cases while controlling for potential raccoon submission bias associated with higher human population densities.  Low intensity residential development was positively associated with reported rabid raccoons while a negative association was found with evergreen forest.  Evergreen forests may offer a barrier effect where resources are low and raccoon populations are not supported.  Areas with pure stands of upland evergreen forest might be utilized in baiting strategies for oral rabies vaccination programs where fewer or no baits may be needed.  Their use as a barrier should be considered carefully in a cost-effective strategy for oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programs to contain the western spread of this important zoonotic disease.
How to Attract and Retain Readers in Enterprise Blogging?
Authors: Singh Param Vir , Sahoo Nachiketa , Mukhopadhyay Tridas
Published: March 2014

We investigate the dynamics of blog reading behavior of employees in an enterprise blogosphere. A dynamic model is developed and calibrated using longitudinal data from a Fortune 1,000 IT services firm. Our modeling framework allows us to segregate the impact of textual characteristics (sentiment and quality) of a post on attracting readers from retaining them. We find that the textual characteristics that appeal to the sentiment of the reader affect both reader attraction and retention. However, textual characteristics that reflect only the quality of the posts affect only reader retention. We identify a variety-seeking behavior of blog readers where they dynamically switch from reading on one set of topics to another. The modeling framework and findings of this study highlight opportunities for the firm to influence blog-reading behavior of its employees to align it with its goals. Overall, this study contributes to improved understanding of reading behavior of individuals in communities formed around user generated content.
An Updated Overview of Taxonomy and Phylogenetic History of Tillandsioideae Genera (Bromeliaceae: Poales)
Authors: Janaína Gomes-da-Silva  , Andrea Ferreira da Costa
Published: March 2014

Generic delimitation in Tillandsioideae has been widely discussed over the last past decades, being frequent changes in generic level. Despite the numerous changes at the generic and infrageneric levels in Tillandsioideae there is not yet a study bringing together the history of systematic of the tillandsioid genera. Given the conservation significance and scientific importance of species of the subfamily, it is time revise the generic status of Tillandsioideae. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to provide an updated phylogenetic and systematic history for the genera of Tillandsioideae. We review the fragmentary literature on the phylogeny, classification and taxonomy of Tillandsioideae, and provide an update of these data.
Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Plants: A Recent Update
Authors: M. Nasir Khan  , M. Mobin  , Firoz Mohammad  , M. Ali Saquib
Published: March 2014

In recent years nitric oxide (NO) has been established as a versatile molecule due to its multifaceted roles in growth and development and as a key signaling molecule in different intracellular processes in plants. Moreover, NO also acts as a direct or indirect antioxidant and regulates the level of reactive oxygen species in stressed cells. A plentiful of literature is available with the information on the role of NO in growth, physiological, biochemical and molecular attributes of plants and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) that oxidizes arginine to NO and citrulline, has been characterized as the source of NO in animals. However, in plants, as several sources of NO are identified, synthesis of NO is more complex and is a matter of considerable debate. Based on the previous evidences, the present review is focused on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic sources of NO in plants.
Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention in Children and Adolescents – View Thesis
Authors: Lewandowska Anna
Published: March 2014

Growing up in the world of globalization and changes in families’ structure generate noticeable health and psychosocial well-being threats in children and adolescents [167]. Civilization development, as well as technical, economic, and industrial progress, despite obvious positive changes they bring, have also become the reason for disorder of internal homeostasis of an organism due to continuous influence of various harmful external factors, and their existence is connected to civilization development. Due to civilization development human being in every stage of their life, from conception to adulthood, is exposed to carcinogenic factors that are responsible for malignant transformation of a cell that is formation of tumours.
Technological advance, modern methods of research, primary and secondary prophylaxis, do not stop the problem of growing tumors. Every year in Poland about 1,300 new cases of cancer appear in Poland, which are the cause of death in children, or cause permanent disability and mental strain. Today we know that the diseases of civilisation, including cancers, are curable, but the key to success is to reduce the risk of these diseases and early diagnosis. Statistics show that in the developed countries the detection of cancer in children happens already in stage I and II of the disease, while in Poland, the diagnosis is made most often in stage III and IV, which gives a much lower chance of recovery.
Therefore, the question appears: what action needs to be taken to change the current situation. Prevention, or in other words the reduction of occurance of such diseases by reducing the exposure to harmful factors, is very important, but so is early diagnosis, which includes screening and the increase of children's knowledge about health risks and healthy behaviors.
Dentists' Attitudes and Practice Towards Smoking Cessation and Intervention in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Mobeeriek Azizah , Al-Qhatani Dalal , Al-Otibi Ohoud , Al-Qhatni Maha
Published: March 2014

The aim of this study was to identify dentists’ attitudes, barriers and promotions practice regarding smoking cessation. Questionnaires were distributed to dental professionals in Riyadh, in Saudi Arabia. Respondents were 47.9% males and 49.8% were females. Most of them were in the age-group of.20-30 years. Almost half of them (53.1%) were general practitioners and 44.1% were specialists. The majority believes (80.6%) that the dentist's play a role in smoking cessation. Advising the patients to quit smoking was practiced by 53.7%. While explaining the health hazards were performed by 54.6%. Those who believed in their role they were more advise patients. Busy practice, lack of materials and referral resources were among the important barriers. Conclusion: there is a lack of practice and knowledge in all the components of smoking cessation. The 5As for smoking cessation should be reinforced to students and dentists in their curriculum and CME.
The Effect of Two Bulk Fill Resin Composites on Microleakage in Endodontically Treated Teeth
Authors: Tuncer Safa , Demirci Mustafa , Tekçe Neslihan , Tuncer Aysun Kara , Bag Harika Gözükara
Published: March 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of two bulk fill resin composites on microleakage in endodontically treated Class II restorations. 
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four non-carious molars were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n = 8). The Class II cavity preparations were made with the cervical margin 1 mm below the cementum-enamel junction, and endodontic treatment was performed using a resin-based sealer and gutta-percha points. In Group 1 (Control), resin composite (G-aenial Posterior; GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan) was applied to the interproximal wall, and then restorative material was applied incrementally. In Group 2, resin composite was applied to the interproximal wall, followed by a 4-mm-layer of a bulk fill flowable composite (x-tra base; Voco, GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) and the remaining occlusal part of the cavity was filled with resin composite. In Group 3, resin composite was applied to the interproximal wall, followed by a 4mm layer of a bulk fill fiber-reinforced composite (everX Posterior; GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan), and the remaining occlusal part of the cavity was filled with a resin composite. The restorations were then subjected to 500 thermal cycles, each with a dwell time of 20 seconds at 5 and 55 oC. The adaptation at the cervical margin was evaluated by dye penetration, and one tooth was used to evaluate the restorative material interface using SEM. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test (p < 0.05). 
Results: No significant difference in dye penetration was found between the control and the experimental groups. Microleakage was significantly higher on enamel margins compared with the dentin margins for all of the groups. 
Conclusion: The use of bulk fill restorative materials under resin composites does not affect the sealing ability of restorations.
PDGF and VEGF Levels in Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: González Maczy , Arteaga-Vizcaíno Melvis , Ruiz Ana , Briceño Olga , Quintero Maribel , Atencio Ricardo , Estévez Jesús , Benito Mariluz , Benito Marisol , Taborda-Monton José Luis
Published: March 2014

PDGF and VEGF are two of the most potent mitogen for connective tissue, its secretion appears to be particularly important when the source is Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), hence the latter leading role in tissue regeneration. ELISA PDGFBB levels in PRP, Platelet Poor Plasma (PPP) and exudates, were determined in 32 healthy subjects before and 24 hours after ingestion of Aspirin (ASA) and Clopidogrel (CLO). Results: PDGFBB baseline levels were 10.6 ± 1.9 ng / ml (PPP), 12.12 ± 2.5 ng / ml (PRP) and 10.84 ± 1.68 ng / ml (exudate) While after treatment with PDGFBB ASA concentrations were at 8.96 ± 1.4 ng / ml (PPP), 11.36 ± 1.48 ng / ml (PRP), 11.11 ± 1.14 ng / ml (exudate) and the Clopidogrel were 8.53 ± 0.59 ng / ml (PPP), 9.65 ± 1.17 ng / ml (PRP) and 8.51 ± 0.75 ng / ml (exudate) . VEGF basal values were 973.9 ± 590.3 pg / ml (PPP), 1184.2 ± 288.4 pg / ml (PRP), 1069.3 ± 192.3 pg / ml (exudate). After treatment with ASA VEGF values ??were at 1439.5 ± 117.4 pg / ml (PPP), 1802.3 ± 123.9 pg / ml (PRP), 1745.6 ± 171.6 pg / ml (exudate) and the Clopidogrel were 577.8 ± 150.6 pg / ml (PPP), 668.7 ± 100.6 pg / ml (PRP), 624.9 ± 106.7 pg / ml (exudate). Conclusions: It was noted that after administration of antiplatelet drugs PDGFBB and VEGF values decreased statistically significantly, especially for the group of Clopidogrel. The ASA lesser extent appear to affect the concentrations of both factors, which may be attributable to the pharmacological action mechanism between the ASA and Clopidogrel.
A Literature Review on Social and Economic Factors Related to Access to Dental Care for Pregnant Women
Authors: Ojeda Jairo Corchuelo
Published: March 2014

Background: The early detection of oral pathology in the pregnant woman can contribute to reduction in childbirth-related complications and consequences of low birth weight. The purpose of this review was to identify and analyze main social and economic factors related to access to dental care of pregnant women. 
Methods: The Guide on implementation of the narrative synthesis was used systematic reviews of research evidence Popay et al. 2006. The review process included identification of the approach to review, search and allocation of the available evidence, review question was specified, identified studies for inclusion in the review, extracted data and evaluation of the quality of the study. The search was about pregnant women and dental services. Qualitative and quantitative studies in a period from 1990 to 2013 were included. Publications included are in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Age was women over the age of 13 and under 45 years of age. 
Results: Of 120 relevant items found in electronic databases used as PubMed, library virtual em Saúde, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scielo, The Anthropological Index Online, PsycInfo, The Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, SocINDEX, ProQuest, network of scientific journals of Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal, EBSCO, Google school. Only thirty-three articles satisfied the quality criteria to be included in the review. The most frequently identified relating to access to dentistry-related factors were: age of the pregnant woman, schooling level, ethnicity, marital status, income, occupation, socioeconomic level and attention-related social dynamics as access to information, health assurance and use of dental service according to trimester of gestation. This review found that the level of schooling achieved, family income, the marital status and having health insurance were important predictors of attending for dental care. Only three articles were qualitative research. 
Conclusions: The existence of published reports on the topic of search suggests the need for more qualitative and quantitative research. Actions to improve the coverage and dental care of pregnant women should consider social and economic factors and not just the change in user behavior.
Mineralized Allograft Implant Site Preservation in 3-Wall Post-Extraction Sockets in Ten Subjects: Clinical, Radiographic and Histologic Evaluation
Authors: Clementini Marco , Sannino Gianpaolo
Published: March 2014

Objective: The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of a surgical technique using mineralized human allograft and a collagen membrane on counteracting dimensional changes of 3-wall post-extraction socket. 
Materials and Methods: In 10 patients, 10 single extraction sites without the labial bone plate in the anterior area were treated by means of mineralized human allograft and a collagen membrane. Intraoral radiographs and clinical measurement were taken at baseline and after 4 months. At surgical reentry, prior to implant placement, a biopsy core was obtained for histological analysis. 
Results: After 4 months of healing the intraoral radiographs showed a mean difference in bone level height of 0.77 mm (SD ± 0.63), while clinical measurements showed a mean reduction of 1.1 mm (SD ± 0.46) in width, allowing for normal diameter implants placement without the need of further augmentation procedures. The specimens harvested showed bone formation, composed of particles of mineral human bone allograft and newly formed bone trabeculae. 
Conclusion: Alveolar ridge preservation using mineralized human allograft and a collagen membrane allows for preserving height and width of a 3 wall extraction socket, suggesting that it may be useful prior to dental implant placement, especially in the esthetic region.
The Automatic Monitoring System for 3D-CEMBSv2 in the Operational Version
Authors: Dzierzbicka-Glowacka Lidia , Nowicki Artur , Janecki Maciej
Published: March 2014

The objective of this paper is to present the development of an automatic monitoring system for the model 3DCEMBSv2 (Coupled Ecosystem Model of the Baltic Sea, version 2) in the operational mode. The predictive, ecohydrodynamic model 3D-CEMBS will be used as an appropriate tool to control the conditions and bioproductivity of the Baltic environment and to forecast physical and ecological changes in the studied basin. 3D-CEMBSv2 provides hydrodynamic forecast of such variables as: temperature, salinity, sea surface height, currents, ice area cover and thickness. 3D-CEMBS model is also equipped with the ecosystem module that covers 3 phytoplankton groups, nutrients (nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, silicate), zooplankton, dissolved oxygen and small pelagic detritus. The automatic monitoring system also provides a 48-hour forecasts of above parameters that are available on the models website. Atmospheric forcing is supplied by the UM model of the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling of the Warsaw University.
Project-Based Ecology Learning in Vocational Training
Authors: Kostova Zdravka
Published: March 2014

The article discusses project-based learning of ecosystems, biodiversity and pollution in a vocational school in Bulgaria. The teaching strategy based on interactive methods, information communication technologies, out-of-school observations, experiments and Power Point presentations versus teaching strategy based on lectures and information communication technologies were comparatively studied and the results were analyzed. Difficulties met by students and strategies for overcoming them were dealt with and described. The ecological concerns of students were surveyed using revised New Ecological Paradigm scale. The theoretical framework was based on constructivism, theory of multimedia learning, zone of proximal development and guided discovery.
Sonochemical Development of Magnetic Nanoporous Therapeutic Systems as Carriers for 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Tomoiaga Alina Maria , Ochiuz Lacramioara , Vasile Aurelia
Published: March 2014

Therapeutic nanosystems based on magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles are successfully obtained by a facile, reproducible and time-saving sonochemical method. Hydrophilic citrate-capped magnetite nanoparticles of about 20 nm are firstly prepared by ultrasound-assisted chemical precipitation. Secondly, freshly-dried magnetite nanoparticles are coated with mesoporous silica shell by sonochemically-modified Ströber method. The applied procedure provides easily-separable, stable core-shell nanoparticles consisting of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 cores and mesoporous silica shell. SEM micrographs showed that core-shell nanoparticles are smaller than 400 nm, a prerequisite for biomedical applications by intravenous administrations. Further, these sonochemically prepared magnetic nanoparticles are employed as biocompatible matrices to host and deliver 5-fluorouracil, a highly-toxic low-molecular antimetabolite chemotherapeutic drug. For this, drug molecules are confined into unmodified and amino-modified mesopores of the silica shell by adsorption from alcoholic solutions. A detailed study was performed using XRD, N2-sorption measurements, SEM and FTIR spectroscopy with the primary goal of investigating possible structural, textural and morphological modifications aroused after pore-functionalization and drug nanoconfinement. Magnetic behavior of prepared therapeutic nanosystems is visualized using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Finally, the release profile of 5-fluorouracil from the unmodified and amino-modified nanoparticulate magnetic matrices in PBS solution (pH 7.4) is followed by means of liquid chromatographic measurements. The HPLC method used for determination of 5-fluoruracil in releasing media was fully validated in house, in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, LOD and LOQ establishment.