bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Verification of Pre-Stressed Beams
Authors: Tichý Jan , Cvancigerová Renata
Published: October 2014

The paper is a follow-up to previous presentations regarding the experience with ultra-high-performance (UHPC) concrete in the Czech Republic. It will present specific production and testing of pre-stressed beams in the company Skanska a.s. In 2013, the manufacturing facility of the company Skanska a.s. in Štětí, the Prefa plant, produced several series of pre-stressed beams made of ultra-high-performance concrete. The last series of pre-stressed beams was kept in a storage facility in Štětí over winter. In February 2014, destructive tests were carried out on two of the beams in the Štětí facility directly. Another two beams are used for monitoring the long-term changes under continuous load. A description of the tests and their results will be published in the paper. At the same time, a number of accompanying tests were carried out in the Klokner Institute of ČVUT in Prague. The results of these tests will also be mentioned in this paper. The experience and results have been achieved thanks to the grant project no. TA01010269 “Applied research of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) for precast units of structures” subsidized by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic.
Multiscale Model of Influence of Heat Curing on Fly-Ash Concrete Mixtures
Authors: Váchal Tomáš , Šulc Rostislav , Svoboda Pavel
Published: October 2014

This paper describes influence of time and temperature of heat curing on progress of mechanical characteristics of concrete mixtures based on alkali activated fly-ash (POPbeton). One of the major impacts for the correct treatment of alkaline activation is the quantity of heat energy in a given time period which is supplied during activation. The paper describes the dependence of progress of compressive strength of POPbeton on the time and temperature of heat curing. It was assembled a predictive model which describes the dependence of the supplied heat energy over time on the resulting properties of POPbeton. The result is a tool that can predict the resulting values of mechanical characteristics of test samples of POPbeton.
Pore Distribution and Water Vapor Diffusion Parameters of Lime Plasters with Waste Brick Powder
Authors: Čáchová Monika , Koňáková Dana , Vejmelková Eva , Polozhiy Kirill , Černý Robert
Published: October 2014

Lime plasters containing waste brick powder in different quantities (10%, 30%, and 50% of mass) as a partial replacement of silica sand and lime are studied. A common lime plaster is used as a reference. Experimental investigations include the measurement of basic physical properties (water vacuum saturation method and helium pycnometry), pore distribution (mercury porosimetry) and water vapor transport properties (cup method). The open porosity and water vapor diffusion coefficient are found to increase with the increasing brick powder content.
Coloured Concrete with Focus on the Properties of Pigments
Authors: Koťátková Jaroslava , Reiterman Pavel
Published: October 2014

In this paper the possibilities of colouring concrete and the use of pigments are presented. There are two groups of pigments with respect to its manufacture (organic and inorganic) and three different forms available on market: powder, granulates and slurry. Next to the influences of other concrete components the effects of fine pigment particles on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete are introduced. Because of the higher need of water the workability of each mixture is affected. With the increasing specific surface area of pigment the flow of fresh concrete decreases. On the other hand this characteristic feature causes slightly higher density of concrete matrix which results in better durability. Optimal dosages differs depending on the form of pigment, for powders it is about 5% of the weight of cement content. Higher amounts don ́t bring about higher tinting strength and in the case of more than 10 % its mechanical properties can be negatively affected. An example of colour evaluation as well as utilization of recycled materials as colouring agents are also mentioned.
Comparison of Refractory and Non-Refractory Components in Cement Composites after High Temperatures Load
Authors: Holčapek Ondřej , Reiterman Pavel , Jogl Marcel , Konvalinka Petr
Published: October 2014

This article shows results of experimental program focused on determination of refractory and non-refractory components for cement composites and those influence on final properties. According to several research works from various universities strength and cohesion in general of common concrete rapidly decrease with temperature higher than 600 °C. To determine the difference between fire-resistance and common components four mixtures were designed. Non-refractory crushed nature silica aggregates and Portland cement compared to high alumina cement Secar®71 with crushed nature basalt aggregates were used. Combination of basalt fibers with two different lengths significantly improves. Basic mechanical properties tensile characteristics such as tensile strength in bending and compressive strength were examined on samples 40 x 40 x 160 mm. Exposure to 600 °C and especially 1000 °C in electric furnace for three hours simulated the high temperature load. Compared to silica aggregates together with Portland cement, where after1000 °C the composite is disintegrated with almost zero strength, the refractory components show considerably better parameters.
Usage of Heat Pretreatment for Reduction of Explosive Spalling of High Performance Concrete
Authors: Nováková Iveta , Diederichs Ulrich , Bodnárová Lenka
Published: October 2014

Fire resistance of concrete structures could be improved by add of polypropylene fibres in to the concrete mixture in butch from 1 to 2 kg per 1 m3 of fresh concrete. This method is effective, but it is not possible to use it for existing concrete and existing reinforced concrete structures. The new method which has good potential for fire protection of existing structures is based on creation of capillary pore and micro cracks system, which allowed water vapour evaporate from concrete. This study deals with determination of appropriate temperature in which is created adequate network of capillary pores and micro cracks which has no influence on strength and durability of the concrete. The formation of macro cracks and bigger pores could cause rapid reduction of compressive and tensile strength, decrease of resistance to aggressive substances and decrease of the frost resistance. The high performance concrete (HPC) has very low porosity, which can cause explosive spalling while the water vapour tries to evaporate from concrete structure during the fire. The HPC concrete has high compressive strength and high density. The HPC samples were exposed to temperatures 150, 250, 350 a 450°C, and after cooling down to normal ambient were carried out tests to define changes in porosity by mercury porosimetry, mass looses and compressive strength changes. The heated HPC concrete is regaining humidity into its structure from surrounding atmosphere, which can cause rehydratation of some chemical compounds. [1] For verification of these hypotheses the HPC samples were kept in water storage for 4 weeks and then tested.
Experimental Investigation on Concrete Slab Fatigue Resistance
Authors: Vébr Ludvík , Novotný Bohuslav , Pánek Petr
Published: October 2014

The paper summarizes results of pilot fatigue testing of concrete slabs resting on granular base in testing box. The project aimed at verification of recent findings that fatigue resistance of concrete slabs is much higher than that predicted by using concrete fatigue characteristics from beam testing. Paper presents additional testing results that confirm enhanced fatigue resistance of concrete slabs. Further research is envisioned to supplement pilot testing results and to receive new results also on fatigue resistance under concrete recycling scheme.
Glider-Based Passive Acoustic Monitoring in the Arctic
Authors: Baumgartner Mark F. , Stafford Kathleen M. , Winsor Peter , Statscewich Hank , Fratantoni David M.
Published: October 2014

AbstractPersistently poor weather in the Arctic makes traditional marine mammal research from aircraft and ships difficult, yet collecting information on marine mammal distribution and habitat utilization is vital for understanding the impact of climate change on Arctic ecosystems. Moreover, as industrial use of the Arctic increases with the expansion of the open-water summer season, there is an urgent need to monitor the effects of noise from oil and gas exploration and commercial shipping on marine mammals. During September 2013, we deployed a single Slocum glider equipped with a digital acoustic monitoring (DMON) instrument to record and processin situlow-frequency (<5 kHz) audio to characterize marine mammal occurrence and habitat as well as ambient noise in the Chukchi Sea off the northwest coast of Alaska, USA. The DMON was programmed with the low-frequency detection and classification system (LFDCS) to autonomously detect and classify sounds of a variety of Arctic and sub-Arctic marine mammal species. The DMON/LFDCS reported regularly in near real time via Iridium satellite detailed detection data, summary classification information, and spectra of background noise. The spatial distributions of bowhead whale, bearded seal, and walrus call rates were correlated with surface salinity measured by the glider. Bowhead whale and walrus call rates were strongly associated with a warm and salty water mass of Bering Sea origin. With a passive acoustic capability that allows both archival recording and near real-time reporting, we envision ocean gliders will become a standard tool for marine mammal and ocean noise research and monitoring in the Arctic.
Palinurellus bericus n. sp. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palinuridae) from the late Eocene (Priabonian) of San Feliciano (Orgiano, Vicenza, northeastern Italy)
Authors: De Angeli Antonio , Garassino Alessandro
Published: October 2014

The rich decapod community from the late Eocene (Priabonian) of San Feliciano (Orgiano, Vicenza, northeastern Italy) was partially described by De Angeli & Garassino (2002). Anomurans and brachyurans are the main component of this community, whereas the macrurans are very scarce. The studied specimen is the first report of macrurans from this locality after twenty years of field research. Similar carapace morphological characters allow the studied specimen to be assigned to the extant Palinurellus von Martens, 1878, and differences with the two species of Palinurellus allow erection of a new species P. bericus n. sp. The report of Palinurellus in the fossil record is significant because it expands the stratigraphic range of this genus back to the late Eocene. It also represents the second report of the Palinuridae from the Eocene of Vicenza.
Euphrasia cisalpina Pugsley (Orobanchaceae) nella Brughiera di Gallarate (Lombardia, Italia): dati storici e conferma della stazione nelle aree verdi dell’Aeroporto di milano malpensa
Authors: Martignoni Marco
Published: October 2014

L’autore riporta i dati storici dei rinvenimenti di Euphrasia cisalpina Pugsley, stenoendemita insubrico occidentale, nella Brughiera di Gallarate o “Brughiera Grande” e suoi dintorni, segnalando l’attuale persistenza di una consistente popolazione all’interno dell’Aeroporto di Milano Malpensa, l’unica sopravissuta nell’area. La stazione interessa un’ampia superficie relitta di brughiera pedemontana, situata su un paleogreto del fiume Ticino tra 209 e 237 m s.l.m. La popolazione sembra trarre giovamento dalla gestione aeroportuale delle aree verdi.
Weight-Bearing Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion—Can Side-to-Side Symmetry Be Assumed?
Authors: Rabin Alon , Kozol Zvi , Spitzer Elad , Finestone Aharon S.
Published: October 2014

Context:

In clinical practice, the range of motion (ROM) of the noninvolved side often serves as the reference for comparison with the injured side. Previous investigations of non–weight-bearing (NWB) ankle dorsiflexion (DF) ROM measurements have indicated bilateral symmetry for the most part. Less is known about ankle DF measured under weight-bearing (WB) conditions. Because WB and NWB ankle DF are not strongly correlated, there is a need to determine whether WB ankle DF is also symmetrical in a healthy population.

Objective:

To determine whether WB ankle DF is bilaterally symmetrical. A secondary goal was to further explore the correlation between WB and NWB ankle DF ROM.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Training facility of the Israeli Defense Forces.

Patients or Other Participants:

A total of 64 healthy males (age = 19.6 ± 1.0 years, height = 175.0 ± 6.4 cm, and body mass = 71.4 ± 7.7 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Dorsiflexion ROM in WB was measured with an inclinometer and DF ROM in NWB was measured with a universal goniometer. All measurements were taken bilaterally by a single examiner.

Results:

Weight-bearing ankle DF was greater on the nondominant side compared with the dominant side (P < .001). Non–weight-bearing ankle DF was not different between sides (P = .64). The correlation between WB and NWB DF was moderate, with the NWB DF measurement accounting for 30% to 37% of the variance of the WB measurement.

Conclusions:

Weight-bearing ankle DF ROM should not be assumed to be bilaterally symmetrical. These findings suggest that side-to-side differences in WB DF may need to be interpreted while considering which side is dominant. The difference in bilateral symmetry between the WB and NWB measurements, as well as the only moderate level of correlation between them, suggests that both measurements should be performed routinely.
Career and Family Aspirations of Female Athletic Trainers Employed in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Setting
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Eason Christianne M. , Ferraro Elizabeth M. , Goodman Ashley
Published: October 2014

Context:

Female athletic trainers (ATs) tend to depart the profession of athletic training after the age of 30. Factors influencing departure are theoretical. Professional demands, particularly at the collegiate level, have also been at the forefront of anecdotal discussion on departure factors.

Objective:

To understand the career and family intentions of female ATs employed in the collegiate setting.

Design:

Qualitative study.

Setting:

National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I.

Patients or Other Participants:

Twenty-seven female ATs (single = 14, married with no children = 6, married with children = 7) employed in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I setting.

Data Collection and Analysis:

All female ATs responded to a series of open-ended questions via reflective journaling. Data were analyzed via a general inductive approach. Trustworthiness was established by peer review, member interpretive review, and multiple-analyst triangulation.

Results:

Our participants indicated a strong desire to focus on family or to start a family as part of their personal aspirations. Professionally, many female ATs were unsure of their longevity within the Division I collegiate setting or even the profession itself, with 2 main themes emerging as factors influencing decisions to depart: family planning persistence and family planning departure. Six female ATs planned to depart the profession entirely because of conflicts with motherhood and the role of the AT. Only 3 female ATs indicated a professional goal of persisting at the Division I setting regardless of their family or marital status, citing their ability to maintain work-life balance because of support networks. The remaining 17 female ATs planned to make a setting change to balance the roles of motherhood and AT because the Division I setting was not conducive to parenting.

Conclusions:

Our results substantiate those of previous researchers, which indicate the Division I setting can be problematic for female ATs and stimulate departure from the setting and even the profession.
On Graphs Associated with Character Degrees and Conjugacy Class Sizes of Direct Products of Finite Groups
Authors: Hossein-Zadeh Samaneh , Iranmanesh Ali , Ali Hosseinzadeh Mohammad , Lewis Mark L.
Published: October 2014

The prime vertex graph, Δ(X), and the common divisor graph, Γ(X), are two graphs that have been deûned on a set of positive integers X. Some properties of these graphs have been studied in the cases where either X is the set of character degrees of a group or X is the set of conjugacy class sizes of a group. In this paper, we gather some results on these graphs arising in the context of direct product of two groups.
TNO-MACC_II emission inventory; a multi-year (2003–2009) consistent high-resolution European emission inventory for air quality modelling
Authors: Kuenen J. J. P. , Visschedijk A. J. H. , Jozwicka M. , Denier van der Gon H. A. C.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Emissions to air are reported by countries to EMEP. The emissions data are used for country compliance checking with EU emission ceilings and associated emission reductions. The emissions data are also necessary as input for air quality modelling. The quality of these "official" emissions varies across Europe. As alternative to these official emissions, a spatially explicit high-resolution emission inventory (7 × 7 km) for UNECE-Europe for all years between 2003 and 2009 for the main air pollutants was made. The primary goal was to supply air quality modellers with the input they need. The inventory was constructed by using the reported emission national totals by sector where the quality is sufficient. The reported data were analysed by sector in detail, and completed with alternative emission estimates as needed. This resulted in a complete emission inventory for all countries. For particulate matter, for each source emissions have been split in coarse and fine particulate matter, and further disaggregated to EC, OC, SO4, Na and other minerals using fractions based on the literature. Doing this at the most detailed sectoral level in the database implies that a consistent set was obtained across Europe. This allows better comparisons with observational data which can, through feedback, help to further identify uncertain sources and/or support emission inventory improvements for this highly uncertain pollutant. The resulting emission data set was spatially distributed consistently across all countries by using proxy parameters. Point sources were spatially distributed using the specific location of the point source. The spatial distribution for the point sources was made year-specific. The TNO-MACC_II is an update of the TNO-MACC emission data set. Major updates included the time extension towards 2009, use of the latest available reported data (including updates and corrections made until early 2012) and updates in distribution maps.
Volatile organic compound emissions from the oil and natural gas industry in the Uintah Basin, Utah: oil and gas well pad emissions compared to ambient air composition
Authors: Warneke C. , Geiger F. , Edwards P. M. , Dube W. , Pétron G. , Kofler J. , Zahn A. , Brown S. S. , Graus M. , Gilman J. B. , Lerner B. M. , Peischl J. , Ryerson T. B. , de Gouw J. A. , Roberts J. M.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with oil and natural gas production in the Uintah Basin, Utah were measured at a ground site in Horse Pool and from a NOAA mobile laboratory with PTR-MS instruments. The VOC compositions in the vicinity of individual gas and oil wells and other point sources such as evaporation ponds, compressor stations and injection wells are compared to the measurements at Horse Pool. High mixing ratios of aromatics, alkanes, cycloalkanes and methanol were observed for extended periods of time and for short-term spikes caused by local point sources. The mixing ratios during the time the mobile laboratory spent on the well pads were averaged. High mixing ratios were found close to all point sources, but gas well pads with collection and dehydration on the well pad were clearly associated with higher mixing ratios than other wells. The comparison of the VOC composition of the emissions from the oil and natural gas well pads showed that gas well pads without dehydration on the well pad compared well with the majority of the data at Horse Pool, and that oil well pads compared well with the rest of the ground site data. Oil well pads on average emit heavier compounds than gas well pads. The mobile laboratory measurements confirm the results from an emissions inventory: the main VOC source categories from individual point sources are dehydrators, oil and condensate tank flashing and pneumatic devices and pumps. Raw natural gas is emitted from the pneumatic devices and pumps and heavier VOC mixes from the tank flashings.
Sensitivity of Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance to perturbations in sea surface temperature and sea ice cover: a study with the regional climate model MAR
Authors: Noël B. , Fettweis X. , van de Berg W. J. , van den Broeke M. R. , Erpicum M.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. During recent summers (2007–2012), several surface melt records were broken over the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). The extreme summer melt resulted in part from a persistent negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), favoring warmer atmospheric conditions than normal over the GrIS. Simultaneously, large anomalies in sea ice cover (SIC) and sea surface temperature (SST) were observed in the North Atlantic, suggesting a possible connection. To assess the direct impact of 2007–2012 SIC and SST anomalies on GrIS surface mass balance (SMB), a set of sensitivity experiments was carried out with the regional climate model MAR forced by ERA-Interim. These simulations suggest that perturbations in SST and SIC in the seas surrounding Greenland do not considerably impact GrIS SMB, as a result of the katabatic wind blocking effect. These offshore-directed winds prevent oceanic near-surface air, influenced by SIC and SST anomalies, from penetrating far inland. Therefore, the ice sheet SMB response is restricted to coastal regions, where katabatic winds cease. A topic for further investigation is how anomalies in SIC and SST might have indirectly affected the surface melt by changing the general circulation in the North Atlantic region, hence favoring more frequent warm air advection towards the GrIS.
The King's Five Bodies:
Authors: Wariboko Nimi
Published: October 2014

Inspired by Jacob Olupona's important book, I provide an account of the Yorùbá political theology of sovereign flesh by examining the “five bodies” of the Ooni of Ifẹ̀. I then correlate the king's five bodies with the five dimensions of the Ifá divination tray and also deploy them to formulate principles of interreligious dialogue between Pentecostalism and traditional religion.
As You Like It:
Authors: Farrar Ryan
Published: October 2014

This essay argues how Utopian thought can serve as a useful method for analyzing the plays of William Shakespeare, using As You Like It as an example. As a pastoral comedy, As You Like It features the Forest of Arden as a setting that is described as fostering values that are associated with the utopian visions of the sixteenth century. However, while characters such as Duke Senior celebrate the culture of Arden's brave new world, the behaviors of his men and the antics of Jacques and Touchstone call the utopian status of the forest into question. In this essay, I examine very carefully how Shakespeare dramatizes the problems facing the utopian imagination during the Elizabethan era through the conflicts of each character's attitude.
Pop Goes Utopia:
Authors: Hanson Carter F.
Published: October 2014

When dance music cultures converge and start to gain cultural momentum, they tend to produce utopian impulses. Well-documented historical examples such as early underground disco and hip-hop communities, as well as contemporary underground rave collectives, demonstrate that localized dance music cultures can generate viable utopian aspirations and even progress. But can mainstream electronic dance pop that aims for mass audiences and wide radio airplay also produce utopian impulses or explore utopian possibilities in a meaningful way? This article examines the recent explosion in popularity of electronic dance pop (2009–11) as a response to the global economic recession. Many recent dance hits imagine utopian environments of blissful release by narrating the interaction among dancers, the DJ, and the dance floor. I argue that the confines of the pop radio format prevent this type of dance hit from fully harnessing the capacity of electronic dance music for utopian expression. To assert the possibility of commercial dance pop engaging critically with utopian potentialities and transcending the sensualist utopianism featured in most mainstream hits, I examine the recent dance pop of the Pet Shop Boys, which displays a wide-ranging concern with utopianism as social dreaming as opposed to the physical pursuit of jouissance.
CLÁUSULA GERAL E SEGURANÇA JURÍDICA NO CÓDIGO CIVIL
Authors: Nalin Paulo
Published: October 2014

O trabalho enfrenta a polêmica técnica de cláusulas gerais, à qual recorre o CódigoCivil em vigor, em suas partes nucleares. A problemática segue na abordagem dodesenvolvimento da técnica legislativa em questão, em face da operação do Código, num plano ético das relações jurídicas. Ao se tratar da operação do novo texto civil, passa-se à análise do (renovado) papel do juiz por força do Código, verticalizando-se o tema, ao final, na abordagem da fundamentação das decisões judiciais, em homenagem à manutenção da segurança jurídica.
DA ASCESE À DISCIPLINA: A ÉTICA PROTESTANTE E A CONSTITUIÇÃO DO SUJEITO CAPITALISTA
Authors: Guandalini Jr. Walter
Published: October 2014

Após examinar os pontos de vista de Max Weber e Michel Foucault sobre oprocesso de formação do “sujeito capitalista”, descarta-se a hipótese weberiana de “seleção econômica” dos indivíduos mais adaptados ao modo de produção capitalista. Defende-se a posição de Foucault, parà quem essa espécie de indivíduos não é selecionada, mas construída por mecanismos que visam à constituição de sujeitos passíveis de apropriação pelo aparelho de produção com o mínimo de gastos políticos e econômicos e o máximo de aproveitamento produtivo. Essa tarefa não se realiza sem uma rede de poderes, estratégias e instituições que se apropriam dos corpos dos indivíduos e regulam suas condutas, ressaltando-se o papel desempenhado pelo Direito nesse processo.
RESENHA GIORGIO AGAMBEN
Authors: Fonseca Ricardo Marcelo
Published: October 2014

Resenha
Structure of Hormaomycin, a Naturally Occurring Cyclic Octadepsipeptide, in the Crystal
Authors: Gruene Tim , Sheldrick George M. , Zlatopolskiy Boris D. , Kozhushkov Sergei I. , de Meijere Armin
Published: October 2014

The structure of hormaomycin has been determined in two crystals grown under different conditions, i. e. in the absence and in the presence of magnesium chloride. In both crystals, the macrocyclic hexadepsipeptide assumes a rather flat conformation, and the dipeptide side chain resides in the same equatorial plane. This is a significant difference in comparison with the compact bent conformation of hormaomycin in solution, as previously determined by an extensive NMR study
Electronic Structure, Chemical Bonding and Electrochemical Characterization of Li2CuSn2 and Li2AgSn2
Authors: Schirmer Niels , Winter Florian , Matar Samir F. , Balducci Andrea , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: October 2014

Polycrystalline samples of the stannides Li2CuSn2 and Li2AgSn2 were obtained by high-frequency melting of the elements in sealed niobium ampoules in a water-cooled sample chamber. Both stannides crystallize with the tetragonal Li2AuSn2 type, space group I41/amd. They are characterized by three-dimensional [CuSn2]δ-, respectively [AgSn2]δ- networks which leave large channels for the lithium ions. Electronic structure calculations show extensive filling of the transition metal d bands and residual DOS at the Fermi energy, compatible with metallic character. Calculated Bader charges and the course of the crystal orbital overlap population curves fully support the bonding picture of cationic lithium and a covalently bonded polyanionic network with considerable charge transfer to both, transition metal and tin atoms. Electrochemical investigations have indicated that a reversible insertion and extraction of lithium into the stannides is taking place in the voltage range between 0 and 2:5 V vs. Li=Li+. From CV measurements, the diffusion coefficents of Li2CuSn2 and Li2AgSn2 were estimated to be in the order of 10-14 cm2 s-1
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of New 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,4-Triazoline-5-thiones
Authors: Laus Gerhard , Kahlenberg Volker , Wurst Klaus , Schottenberger Herwig
Published: October 2014

Introduction of sulfur into the 5-position of 1,4-disubstituted quaternary 1,2,4-triazolium salts (1-9; Cl, Br, I, BF4, PF6, CH3OSO3 were used as anions) by two methods was investigated. The syntheses of nine 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazoline-5-thiones 10-18 are reported (1, 10: R1 = CH3, R2 = CH3; 2, 11: R1 = NH2, R2 = CH3; 3, 12: R1 = NH2, R2 = CH(CH3)2; 4, 13: R1 = N(CH3)2, R2 = CH3; 5, 14: R1 = N(CH3)2, R2 = CH(CH3)2; 6, 15: R1 = CH3, R2 = NH2; 7, 16: R1 = OCH2Ph, R2 = CH3; 8, 17: R1 = OCH2Ph, R2 = CH2CH3; 9, 18: R1 = CH3, R2 = CH2Ph). Compounds 11-17 represent 1-amino, 4-amino, 4-dimethylamino, and 4-benzyloxy-1,2,4-triazoline-5- thiones, whereas 10 served as a reference compound. Thione 18 was identified as an unexpected by-product in the synthesis of 16 and was also prepared independently. Thermolysis of 10 in air gave 1,4-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolium hydrogensulfate. Crystal structures of eight 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,4- triazoline-5-thiones were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds (C-H···S, C-H···N, N-H···N, N-H···S) were observed in the solid state. The solvent-dependent 1H NMR chemical shifts of signals of 10 and 13 were satisfactorily correlated with the Kamlet- Abboud-Taft π* and b parameters in ten solvents. From the lack of correlation with the a parameter and from the C=S bond length (average 1.67 Å) a significant contribution of a mesoionic imidazolium-2-thiolate resonance structure seems unlikely
Select Biomarkers for Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Present and Future
Authors: Bartley Angela N. , Hamilton Stanley R.
Published: October 2014

Context

Advances in molecular biomarkers of the gastrointestinal tract have contributed to a decline in the incidence of and mortality from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The discovery and clinical validation of new biomarkers are important to personalized cancer therapy, and numerous clinical trials are currently ongoing to help identify individualized therapy affecting these biomarkers and molecular mechanisms they represent. Distinct molecular pathways leading to cancers of the colorectum, esophagus, stomach, small bowel, and pancreas have been identified. Using biomarkers in these pathways to direct patient care, including selection of proper molecular testing for identification of actionable mutations and reporting the results of these biomarkers to guide clinicians and genetic counselors, is paramount.

Objective

To examine and review select clinically actionable biomarkers of the colon, esophagus, stomach, small bowel, and pancreas, including present and future biomarkers with relevant clinical trials.

Data Sources

Extensive literature review and practical and consultation experience of the authors.

Conclusions

Although numerous biomarkers have been identified and are currently guiding patient therapy, few have shown evidence of clinical utility in the management of patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Inconsistent results and discordant proposed algorithms for testing were identified throughout the literature; however, the potential for biomarkers to improve outcomes for patients with gastrointestinal cancer remains high. Continued advances through high-quality studies are needed.
Caddoan Archaeology on the High Plains: A Conceptual Nexus of Bison, Lodges, Maize, and Rock Art
Authors: Huffman Thomas N. , Earley Frank Lee
Published: October 2014

The Wallace site is a thirteenth-century hamlet of rectangular lodges, situated on a bluff near Pueblo, Colorado. Commonly attributed to the Apishapa phase, it is more likely affiliated to the Upper Republican cluster, and so the people most likely spoke Northern Caddoan. Because of this identity, we use Pawnee ethnography to interpret the organization of space and spatial distribution of artifacts, including a rock art chamber below the bluff. This chamber followed the spatial layout of a lodge with a double entrance: a West Unit contained shield-bearing warriors associated with dreams and visions that provided supernatural power for low-level warfare, while the East Unit emphasized geometric images that most likely referred to the cosmológical origins of humanity. The art and artifacts show that the ideology of the domestic economy emphasized bison hunting and maize farming, and was associated respectively with doctors and priests.
Native Persons: An Assessment of their Relationship to the Dominant Culture and Challenges for Change
Authors: Bennett Edward M.
Published: October 2014

The paper identifies and examines some of the economic, political, religious and social structures created by the dominant white culture and their effects on the mental well-being of the Cree and Ojibwa people residing in Northwestern Ontario. Two major clusters of problems are identified: (i) community power-loss and disenfranchisement and (ii) the establishment of norms which diminish the identity and self-esteem of native persons. Actions which deal with both kinds of power-loss are suggested. The range of goals for these activities include more effective integration, cross cultural considerations and native control over community and resource development. Important functions are identified for community psychologists in program and community assessment and development, public education and advocacy.
Community Psychology in Canada: Toward Developing a National Network
Authors: Tefft Bruce M. , Hamilton Glen K. , Théroux Charles
Published: October 2014

The structure of community psychology has been dominated historically by American influences. Canadian community psychologists have no organized voice and work primarily in geographic and professional isolation from one another. A national survey was conducted to determine the feasibility of establishing a supportive communication network. Socializing factors such as demographic characteristics, training, employment settings, activities, and goals were examined, as were interrelationship factors framed as a series of potential organizational steps. One hundred forty-five respondents, predominantly young. Canadian trained psychologists, were identified. There were several significant relationships between various socializing factors. Respondents enthusiastically endorsed initiation of a newsletter, informal directory, national conference, and CPA special interest group. Problems associated with creating a national network are discussed.
La Participation Communautaire Comme Reponse A Des Besoins Psychologiques
Authors: Payette Maurice
Published: October 2014

The author proposes a new model of community participation based on the social exchange theory of Thibault and Kelly. The model emphasizes the satisfactory balance between costs and benefits for both grass root citizens (or the members) and the managers (or the leaders). As participation is conceived in terms of means to fulfill psychological needs, the article presents a tool to identify correctly those different needs of both members and leaders. Knowing those psychological dynamics could be helpful in developing adequate strategies to promote citizen participation.
Le Benevolat: Un Lien Entre Des Personnes Agees et la Communaute
Authors: Martin Lucie , Kiely Margaret C.
Published: October 2014

This study examines the various solutions for loneliness and social isolation with the elderly who live outside of an institution. The sample consisted of senior citizens and volunteers who were randomly selected from a community day centre. Specifically, the study examines the effects of the relationship on the volunteer, the senior citizen and on their interactive process. The volunteers were divided into two intervention groups. One control intervention group played the role of the “friendly visitor” which consisted of visiting the senior citizen of their residence and interacting in an informal manner. The other group, the experimental intervention group consisted of volunteers who served as a “short-term link” between the elderly and the possible social community resources available to them. The volunteers motivational levels were examined as a function of which group they belonged to. The degree of loneliness and social isolation for the elderly were examined as a function of what kind of intervention they received. The results appear to demonstrate that the volunteers in the control group have 1) a higher degree of egocentrism and activity than the experimental group; 2) a lower level of altruism than the experimental group. For the elderly, the results seem to indicate that the degree of loneliness and social isolation substantially decreased when the elderly are visited by the volunteer belonged to the experimental intervention group. From these results, one can readily ascertain that the helping relationship of the short-term link nature lead to a more successful type of intervention for the elderly sample in this study. Implications and the importance of the role of the community psychologist are discussed as a function of the differences and similarities between the volunteers and the elderly respectively.
Lasting and Functioning Marriages in the 1980's
Authors: Schlesinger Benjamin
Published: October 2014

This paper reviews published North American studies related to marital satisfaction, the influence of children on marital satisfaction, the effects of working wives on satisfaction, personality traits, companionship, communication, and power related to marital satisfaction. Following this a survey of existing studies related to lasting families is summarized. The paper concludes with a study of 129 couples living in lasting marriages for at lest 15 years with at least one child in the family in Metropolitan Toronto. This was a self-selected sample, who were middle class and lived in an urban area. The highlights of the findings are presented, and implications for family practitioners are listed.
Hibernia, Housing and Health: Some Impacts of Offshore Oil Discovery on an Urban Housing Market
Authors: Shrimpton Mark , Lewis Jane
Published: October 2014

Predicting the responses to the possible development of oil in the Hibernia field is complicated by many uncertainties. The experience of Aberdeen and Calgary are not sufficiently similar to provide good demographic comparisons. The technology of the oil and gas industry is subject to rapid change and the particular geology and geography of Hibernia introduce added uncertainties. Nevertheless, the expectation of development has had, and continues to have, major effects on St. John's, Newfoundland, with particular impacts on the housing market.
Personality Characteristics and Perceived Quality of Life Among Residents of a Remote British Columbia Company Town
Authors: Wilson Robert
Published: October 2014

Personality characteristics and the perceived quality of life of a resident sample in an isolated company town were compared with those of a largely urban sample. Although highly significant differences were found on many of the dependent measures, further investigation indicates that generalization to other remote communities should be undertaken with considerable caution.
The Adaptation of Rural Residents to the Offshore Oil and Gas (Exploration Phase) Labour Force, Newfoundland and Labrador, 1981
Authors: Fuchs Richard
Published: October 2014

In response to interest and concerns about the effect which oil industry development would have in the province of Newfoundland, a number of studies were initiated, including attempts to assess the impacts on rural residents. An analysis of the offshore labour force indicated that Newfoundland residents represented 60% of the offshore force; however, their participation was predominantly in the junior drilling, junior marine and junior service positions. The provincial workers differed from the non-resident workers on a number of factors. Also of interest, the 35% of the Newfoundland workers interviewed had come from water transport occupations and were attracted by the perceived advantages of work in the oil industry, while the 34% who had come from the fishing industry, cited financial insecurity and poor working conditions of the fishery as their reasons for changing jobs.
Corrélatifs de la Solitude Récente et Chronique Chez Les Femmes Séparées ou Divorcées
Authors: De Grâce Gaston-René , Joshi Purushottam
Published: October 2014

The present research offers an overview of principal theoretical approaches to understand and explain loneliness. The empirical part attempts to identify certain psycho-social correlates of recent and chronic loneliness, using U.C.L.A. Loneliness Scale in a sample of separated or divorced women (N = 75). Seven correlations (number of months since separation or divorce, number of months since the subjects lives alone, financial problems, age, length of marriage, origin of legal proceedings and absence of new love relationships) were found to be significant at .05 level and were discussed in relation to previous research.
Thirty Years of Human Service Education and Training in Canada — One Perspective
Authors: Dimock Hedley G.
Published: October 2014

This article traces training methods seen as “state of the art” from the 1950's to the present showing how the process has influenced the content and sometimes mistakenly become the content. It also shows how shifts in training practices have influenced the quality and focus of human service delivery programs. Special attention is given to the revolutionary changes in training practices from the lecture-discussion method to experiential training and the impact of T-group training, sensitivity training, and encounter group training. Present trends to modular packaged programs are described and a future movement to long range, integrated training based on the learning style of the human service worker is forecast. During the three decades described here there has been a major shift in training focus from reactive treatment to proactive prevention, influenced by changes in field practices. And recent tensions between training individuals and changing social systems in both service delivery and training are reflected in the education/training of human service workers.
Organizational Crisis and Individual Response: New Trends for Human Service Professionals
Authors: Devine Irene
Published: October 2014

Organizations in crisis cope with and adapt to their environments by unwittingly exhibiting certain typical responses. These responses adversely affect organizational members and create secondary crises. Human service professionals working in and with organizations during “hard times” need new skills and methodologies that include no-growth situations and high anxiety states. We need to be developing new types of training programs to meet the challenges of working with present day organizational realities.
The Establishment of a Crisis Intervention Service for Victims of Sexual Assault
Authors: Renner K. Edward , Keith Ann
Published: October 2014

Four years ago, the Community Psychology Class at Dalhousie began working to establish a sexual assault service in Halifax. At that time no service existed in the community. Today, the Service for Sexual Assault Victims in Halifax is funded jointly by the municipalities and the Provincial Department of Social Services, and will soon start its third year of direct service. It is now run by an independent community board, including representatives from the police, legal, social service and medical professions. The theory and practice of the Service is based on an explicit community intervention strategy that combines a psychological account of the experience of sexual assault with the principles of crisis intervention.
The Role of Evaluability Assessment in Mental Health program Evaluation
Authors: Fisher Ronald J. , Peters Larry
Published: October 2014

Evaluability assessment is a methodology designed to increase the appropriateness and utilization of evaluation studies. Through the collection and analysis of program information, evaluability assessment identifies which elements of a program can be usefully evaluated and which can not. By instituting a collaborative relationship with program staff, this approach facilitates further evaluation research and increases utilization. Three case studies in different mental health settings (a day program, a home care program, and a counselling program) illustrate the various implications and benefits of evaluability assessment and underscore the recommendation that program evaluation should almost invariably begin with this procedure.
Ethical Standards for Community Psychology
Authors: Pettifor Jean L.
Published: October 2014

Codes of ethics have been found inadequate for community psychology because of the emphasis on the relationship between the professional and individual clients rather than on the relationship with the community. Explicit value statements and guidelines for resolving dilemmas of conflicting views are often lacking. For purposes of discussion, possible revisions of the preamble and the major principles of the codes of ethics of the American and Canadian Psychological Associations are presented. Vignettes of ethical dilemmas in community psychology and an approach to decision making are also provided. Community psychologists are urged to develop more definitive guidelines.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Mental Health
Authors: Weinstein Sue M.
Published: October 2014

As costs rise and demands for services increase, governments are beginning to insist that mental health program administrators demonstrate that they are “worthwhile” in terms of results produced (outcomes) for money invested (costs). Cost-effectiveness analysis, one economic evaluation model, is presented as a potentially useful tool that can be employed in mental health settings. An overview of the definition, underlying assumptions, and procedures of cost-effectiveness analysis is provided. Issues relating to the manner in which cost and effectiveness information is presented to decision makers along with associated decision rules are also reviewed. It is concluded that it is difficult to “buy” the cost-effectiveness model as it now exists. Modifications in its assumptions, data gathering and data combination techniques are warranted so that the model can be applicable to mental health settings and policies. The general theme underlying suggested modifications is that values and constraints associated with all aspects of a cost-effectiveness problem must be made explicit and should guide analytic procedures.
Family Politics, Family Policy, and Family Practice: A Feminist Perspective
Authors: McCannell Kathryn
Published: October 2014

This paper examines family practice theory and family policy from a feminist perspective. The conceptual barriers presented by existing language are identified. The ideology which underlies power relationships in families is examined, and the toll exerted by “labours of love” on women's mental health outlined. Strategies for work with families which incorporate a feminist perspective are presented.