bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media Products and Language Environment for Children
Authors:   Shakarim university of Semey, Zhumagulova А. , Ramazan А. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Karimova B. ,   Ilyas Zhansugurov Zhetysu University
Published: January 2025

The research article will be devoted to the study of the linguistic use of media
products for children. We are talking about media products that contribute to the development of a
child as a person, in particular, contributing to the formation of a language environment. The article
aims to find an answer to the urgent question of how today's media products can contribute to a
safe, carefree life of a child in the environment, high-quality education and development, a healthy
body, and the formation of a language environment. Educational cartoons and videos, GIFs that
make up children's content were taken as the object of the study. Media production contributed to
the development of the child as a person, the rapid and clear output of language, was described by
methods of description and comparison. The task of differentiating the effectiveness and use of
media products for children is set.
To date, based on the work of special research institutes for the control of children's content,
an increase in a number of such Kazakh-language studies will certainly contribute to
methodological use.
The methodological basis of the article is the works of domestic and foreign scientists
related to the assessment of the formation and development of children's content. A sociological
survey conducted during the study reveals the benefits of media products for children. The
conclusions drawn on the basis of the article may have both theoretical and practical significance in
improving the quality of products for children. Therefore, high-quality content for children will
undoubtedly contribute to the personal development of the child, the assimilation of national values,
and the achievement of other positive results in a healthy lifestyle.
Methods and Techniques of Formation of National Values among Students through Interviews
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Akmagambetova B. , Sarseke G. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the relevant issue of the modern education system - the methodological possibilities for forming national values among students. In the introduction, the author justifies the importance of national education within the framework of educational policy. In the section “Research Methods and Materials,” the authors conclude that the national characteristics of the Kazakh people are reflected in the behavior of women and men, their relationships with each other, and consider the points of view of scientists from research conducted in this direction. These views subsequently served as the basis for the selection of resources and tasks for experimental elective classes. The authors examined the updated educational program and classified educational goals, identifying the interview as a learning resource. Under these goals, they developed and presented special tasks for experimental classes conducted as electives. Based on the needs and interests of modern youth, methods and techniques, as well as categories of resources, were selected. The authors made their choice and recommended using interviews as a resource that promotes the development of national values among students by subject and content. The content of the selected interviews fully illustrates such values as modesty, humility, kindness, respect for elders, patriotism, and family values, which reflect the national characteristics of the Kazakh people. The tasks presented for the analysis of interviews are aimed not only at identifying and perceiving these values but also at encouraging their in-depth analysis and comprehension. At the same time, the interview approach supports the development of students' independent thinking, creative skills, and practical abilities.

Based on their reflections from experimental lessons, the researchers present concrete results and, summarizing the study, reveal the methodological conditions for the development of national values among students through interviews.

In the section “Results and Discussion”, the authors propose criteria for measuring pre-planned results. According to these criteria, the results of elective classes on the topic “Development of National Values among Students through Interviews” are analyzed.

In conclusion, they define didactic conditions that allow for the formation of national values through interviews.
Enhancing Students’ Pragmatic and Self-efficacy Skills by Writing Emails
Authors:   Nazarbayev University, Zhorabekova A. , Kassymova G.K. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Xu W. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, the importance of developing pragmatic skills and self-efficacy among students is growing. This study examines the pragmatic competence and self-efficacy skills of students by analyzing email inquiries. Pragmatic competence is the social context in which it is important for effective communication, which includes the understanding and appropriate use of language. Pragmatic competence has become an integral part of language acquisition, as good linguistic knowledge would not be enough to have successful communication. As e-mail communication becomes more common in academic and professional environments, it is important to develop students’ pragmatic and self-efficacy skills. Moreover, emailing has become an official communication tool between instructors and students in higher education. Students often use corporate mail for requesting, which might be in and out of educators’ responsibilities, such as asking for extra tasks, making personal appointments, and requesting recommendation letters. This means making requests tends to be a common discourse in higher educational institutions; however, it is still a face-threatening act for students. By considering power relations, cultural norms and other socio-linguistic factors, writing emails to teachers requires sufficient knowledge of pragmatics. This study explores students’ pragmatic competence and self-efficacy skills in the context of Kazakhstani higher education, provides valuable insights into the difficulties and offers suggestions for improving teaching writing skills.
Theatrical Art as a Form of Psychological and Pedagogical Support for Adolescents with Signs of Social and Personal Maladjustment
Authors:   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Ibrayeva А.U. , Abdigapbarova U.M. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University
Published: January 2025

This article presents a look at the theater circle as a way of developing a teenager's personality and a means of increasing stress tolerance and preventing the development of social maladjustment. The main purpose of organizing a school theater arts club is to establish a connection between performers and the audience, as well as an opportunity for viewers to experience emotions, reflect on the deeper meaning of what is happening and enjoy the aesthetics of the performance. Theatrical art plays an important role in educational purposes and attracting teenagers to participate in a theater circle, which helps them cope with various stresses, age conflicts and adaptation problems. In the course of research work, methods of theoretical analysis, generalization, synthesis of available theoretical and methodological material on the subject of research were used in determining and clarifying the data under consideration. Methodology for determining the self-assessment of mental states of G. Aizenk, methodology for determining the level of empathic abilities of V.V. Boyko. According to research, it has been found that the psychological, rather than the physiological, level of adaptation is the most sensitive indicator of stress. The main task of teachers is to prepare a professionally armed person capable of responding to a modern civilized society. In the course of the research, exploratory work is carried out to identify the stress resistance of adolescents, the development of personal qualities, countering psychological overstrain, and preventing psychosomatic diseases. By acquiring knowledge, a young teenager replenishes his mind, cultivating character, and the purity of his inner spiritual world can be enriched with art. The results showed that thanks to live communication and the ability to express their emotions through creativity in the theater circle, teenagers developed their empathic abilities, increased their stress tolerance, which led to successful social adaptation.
La brecha digital y la progresiva reducción del derecho de opción a relacionarse electrónicamente con la Administración previsto en el artículo 14 de la LPAC
Authors: ARIAS MARTÍNEZ MARÍA ANTONIA
Published: January 2025

La implementación de la Administración electrónica ofrece, sin
duda, considerables beneficios, pero también puede ampliar las desigualdades
sociales. Desde esta perspectiva, en este trabajo se aborda la digitalización administrativa
y su impacto en la ciudadanía. Se comprueba cómo la normativa estatal
y autonómica que desarrolla el derecho de opción a relacionarse electrónicamente
con la Administración difumina los límites formales y materiales de la previsión
contenida en el artículo 14 de la Ley 39/2015. Se examina la cambiante jurisprudencia
del Tribunal Supremo sobre esta materia y se cuestiona la eficacia de las
medidas normativas destinadas a paliar esta situación.

Administrazio elektronikoaren ezarpenak, zalantzarik gabe, hainbat
onura dakartza, baina aldi berean gizarte-ezberdintasunak ere areagotu ditzake.
Hori dela eta, lan honetan digitalizazio administratiboa jorratzen da, baita
horrek herritarrengan duen eragina ere. Egiaztatu da Administrazioarekin baliabide
elektronikoen bidez harremanetan jartzea aukeratzeko eskubidea garatzen
duen Estatuko eta autonomia-erkidegoko araudiak 39/2015 Legearen 14. artikuluan
jasotako aurreikuspenaren muga formalak eta materialak lausotzen dituela. Auzitegi
Gorenak gai horri lotuta duen jurisprudentzia aldakorra aztertzen da eta zalantzan
jartzen da egoera hori konpontzeko arau-neurrien eraginkortasuna.

The implementation of e-government undoubtedly offers
considerable benefits, but it can also widen social inequalities. From this perspective,
this study addresses administrative digitalization and its impact on citizenship. It is
noted how state and regional regulations that develop the right of option to interact
electronically with the Administration blur the formal and material boundaries of
the provision contained in Article 14 of Law 39/2015. The changing jurisprudence of
the Supreme Court on this matter is examined, and the effectiveness of regulatory
measures aimed at alleviating this situation is questioned.
Desclasificación de sectores urbanísticos: los informes pormenorizados como instrumento clave para la toma de decisiones en la administración urbanística
Authors: IRIARTE IRURETA IZASKUN
Published: January 2025

La propuesta de desclasificar sectores urbanísticos es una cuestión
espinosa cuando un suelo pasa a ser no urbanizable, y surge la posibilidad
de que se produzca una posible responsabilidad patrimonial por parte de la Administración
urbanística. Este trabajo presenta la experiencia del Ayuntamiento de
Vitoria-Gasteiz de incluir la desclasificación de veinticinco sectores en el acuerdo
de aprobación inicial de la revisión de su Plan General de Ordenación Urbana, una
decisión motivada y fundada en derecho, sobre la base de los informes pormenorizados
e individualizados de cada uno de los sectores, y de un dictamen jurídico
externo de contraste.

Hirigintza-sektoreak desklasifikatzeko proposamena gai arantzatsua
da lurzoru bat urbanizaezina bihurtzen denean, eta gerta litekeena da hirigintza-
administrazioak ondare-erantzukizuna izatea erabaki horretan. Lan honetan,
Vitoria-Gasteizko Udalaren esperientzia bat azaldu nahi dugu: hogeita bost sektoreren
desklasifikazioa sartu du Hiri Antolamenduko Plan Orokorraren berrikuspenaren
hasierako onespenaren erabakian. Desklasifikazio hori behar bezala arrazoitua
eta zuzenbidean oinarritua dago; alegia, sektore bakoitzaren txosten xehatu
eta banakatuetan, eta kontrasterako kanpoko irizpen juridiko batean oinarrituta.

The proposal to declassify urban development sectors is a thorny
issue when land becomes undevelopable, and the possibility of the urban
development administration being liable for damages arises. This paper presents
the experience of the Vitoria-Gasteiz City Council of including the declassification
of twenty-five sectors in the initial approval agreement of the revision of its
General Urban Development Plan, a reasoned decision founded in law, based on
the detailed and individualised reports on each of the sectors, and an external
legal opinion of contrast.
Crítica constitucional a la categoría jurídica de ruralidad en España
Authors: TORRECILLAS MARTÍNEZ ANA
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal el esclarecimiento de
la categoría jurídica de ruralidad en el ordenamiento jurídico español. La metodología
empleada es la propia de las ciencias jurídicas (el análisis legislativo y doctrinal),
utilizando como base las premisas metodológicas del constitucionalismo
crítico. En él se realiza un recorrido por el marco jurídico constitucional, así como
por la legislación estatal y autonómica en desarrollo de la categoría jurídica de ruralidad
para, finalmente, destacar algunos elementos clave del estudio. Con esta
investigación se concluye, por una parte, la conveniencia de que los legisladores
autonómicos aborden el trabajo de adaptar el marco jurídico estatal sobre ruralidad
en sus concretos territorios y, por otra, en la necesidad de prestar atención a
tal regulación para ofrecer respuestas normativas complejas e integrales a la problemática
situación de las zonas rurales en España.

Lan honen helburu nagusia da Espainiako ordenamendu juridikoko
landatartasunaren kategoria juridikoa argitzea. Zientzia juridikoetako metodologia
erabili da (legegintza- eta doktrina-azterketa), konstituzionalismo kritikoaren
premisa metodologikoak oinarri hartuta. Ibilbidea egiten da konstituzioaren
esparru juridikoan zehar, bai eta Estatuko eta autonomia-erkidegoko legerian
zehar ere, landatartasunaren kategoria juridikoa garatzeko. Eta amaieran, azterlanaren
funtsezko elementu batzuk nabarmentzen dira. Ikerketaren bidez ondorioztatzen
da, alde batetik, komeni dela legegile autonomikoek beren lurralde zehatzetara
egokitzea Estatuko landatartasunaren gaineko esparru juridikoa, eta, bestetik,
erregulazio horri arreta jartzea, Espainiako landa-eremuetan bizi den egoera zailari
arauen bidezko erantzun konplexu eta integralak emateko.

The main objective of this work is to clarify the legal category
of rurality in the Spanish legal system. The methodology employed is that
of the legal sciences (legislative and doctrinal analysis), using as a basis the
methodological premises of critical constitutionalism. A review is made of the
constitutional legal framework, as well as of the state and autonomous legislation
in development of the legal category of rurality, in order to finally highlight some
key elements of the study. This research concludes, on the one hand, that it is
advisable for regional legislators to adapt the state legal framework on rurality
in their specific territories and, on the other hand, the need to pay attention to
such regulation in order to offer complex and integral normative responses to the
problematic situation of rural areas in Spain.
Mastering Lecturette GD and WAT : Essential Techniques for Persuasive Articulation
Authors: Magesh S , Martina Esther Faith
Published: January 2025

This book, "Mastering Lecturette, GD & WAT: Essential Techniques for Persuasive Articulation," is a comprehensive guide aimed at empowering aspirants preparing for the Services Selection Board (SSB)
and similar high-stakes assessments. It offers structured techniques and strategies to master critical communication aspects, including Lecturettes, Group Discussions (GD), and the Word Association Test (WAT). The chapters are meticulously organized to address key areas such as impactful openings, motivational transitions, thought fillers, vocabulary enhancement, and effective conclusions. Additionally, the book provides insights into reframing negative words constructively
and maintaining composure under pressure. With practical examples, contextual relevance, and actionable tips, this guide equips readers to demonstrate leadership, emotional resilience, and clarity of thought. Designed to inspire confidence and refine articulation skills, it is an
indispensable resource for anyone aiming to excel in high-pressure evaluation scenarios.
Keywords: Lecturette, Group Discussion, Word Association Test, SSB preparation, public
speaking, articulation skills, leadership qualities, thought fillers, transitions,
impactful communication.
Does Energy Access Reduce Unemployment? An Empirical Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Nteegah Alwell , Ihejirika Polycarp
Published: January 2025

The need for growth and development in Nigeria has been emphasized by regional economic communities. Key among determinants of economic development that has occupied recent discussion are access to energy and job creation. This study investigated the impact of energy access on unemployment in Nigeria from 1990 to 2023. The study proxy energy access and climate change by volume of electricity generated, electricity consumed and access to electricity while unemployment was measured by unemployment rate. The study used annual time series data sourced mainly from the International Energy Agency and the World Bank. The data analytical techniques used include: descriptive statistics, unit root test as well as Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The findings showed that volume of electricity generated, electricity consumed and access to electricity have negative but significant effect on unemployment rate in Nigeria in both short run and long run. This implies that access to energy (electricity) has very serious implication on job creation. Consequent upon these findings, the study concluded that energy access plays a vital role in reducing unemployment in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended increase effort toward electricity generation, effective implementation of electricity pricing regulation policy and electricity metering policy.
Philosophy of Education and the Use of Emerging Technologies for Effective Teaching and Learning in Public Universities in South East, Nigeria
Authors: Okwuchukwu Ezeanolue Aloysius , Ekeh Greg , Jideoffor Ezewuzie , Okpara J. J., George Chizoba
Published: January 2025

The study investigated philosophy of education and the use of emerging technologies for effective teaching and learning in public universities in South east, Nigeria. Two research questions guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The study population comprised of 176 lecturers in the 8 public universities in South East State. There was no need for sampling since population was not large but of a manageable size. The reliability was calculated using Cronbach Alpha for each of the subsections. The scores obtained were 0.71, and 0.74 for each cluster in the questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using mean. The findings of the study revealed widespread adoption of emerging technologies in teaching and learning of philosophy of education in South east, Nigeria public universities such as digital learning platforms, notably Learning Management Systems like Moodle and Canvas, Artificial Intelligence powers adaptive assessments, intelligent tutoring systems and personalized learning, Virtual Reality simulates philosophical scenarios, promoting immersive learning experiences, mobile learning expands accessibility through podcasts and video lectures’, cloud computing among others.
Prevalence And Patterns Of Ocular Manifestations In Psoriasis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Sharma Anil Kumar , Trumboo Taiba , Gupta Satish
Published: January 2025

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the skin, nails, joints, and eyes. Ocular manifestations in psoriasis, such as dry eyes, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, and uveitis, are often overlooked despite their potential impact on quality of life. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and types of ocular manifestations in psoriasis patients and their correlation with disease severity. Methods: This observational study was conducted at Government Medical College, Jammu, between March 2022 and March 2023. It included 50 psoriasis patients who underwent comprehensive ophthalmic evaluations, such as best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp examination, tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer test, and fundus examination. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was calculated for each participant to assess disease severity. Results: The mean disease duration was 5.5 ± 3.8 years, and 62% of patients (n=31) exhibited ocular manifestations. Dry eyes were the most common finding (22%), followed by cataract/pseudophakia (14%), blepharitis (14%), chronic conjunctivitis (8%), and uveitis (4%). Patients with higher PASI scores were more likely to have ocular involvement. Conclusion: The study highlights that ocular manifestations are a significant complication of psoriasis, with dry eyes being the most prevalent. Routine ophthalmic evaluations are recommended for early detection and management of ocular conditions in psoriasis patients.
Drug Delivery System
Authors: Shivam Namdeo Vanjari
Published: January 2025

Drug delivery is the method or process of administering a pharmaceutical compound to achieve a therapeutic effect in humans or animals. For the treatment of human diseases, nasal and pulmonary routes of drug delivery are gaining increasing importance. These routes provide promising alternatives to parenteral drug delivery particularly for peptide and protein therapeutics. For this purpose, several drug delivery systems have been formulated and are being investigated for nasal and pulmonary delivery. These include liposomes, proliposomes, microspheres, gels, prodrugs, cyclodextrins, among others. Nanoparticles composed of biodegradable polymers show assurance in fulfilling the stringent requirements placed on these delivery systems, such as ability to be transferred into an aerosol, stability against forces generated during aerosolization, biocompatibility, targeting of specific sites or cell populations in the lung, release of the drug in a predetermined manner, and degradation within an acceptable period of time
Assessment of Anatomic Variations in the Mandible by CBCT
Authors: DOĞAN Mehmet Emin , KOTANLI Sedef
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of mandibular neurovascular anatomical variations in a group Turkish population with cone beam computed tomography.
Methods: Sagittal, axial, coronal, serial cross-sectional and three-dimensional reformatted 410 CBCT images were investigated in accordance with age and gender. Median lingual foramen, lateral lingual foramen, mandibular incisive canal, anterior loop, accessory mental foramen, retromolar foramen, bifid mandibular canal, absence of mental foramen were evaluated in multiplanar sections. Obtained data were analysed with the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 package program.
Results: Images of cases with a mean age of 44.25 ± 17.47 years, consisting of 233 (56.8%) men and 177 (43.2%) women, total 410 CBCT were included in the study. The most detected anatomical variation was the median lingual foramen (44.7%), followed by the mandibular incisive canal (33.9%). No statistically significant relationship was found between parameters and gender (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Although the anterior interforaminal region is known as a safe region for surgery, the results of this study show that the presence of lingual foramina and mandibular incisive canal is not at a level that can be ignored.
The Effect of Traditional Regional Beverages on the Color Stability of PMMA Denture Base Materials
Authors: AYDOĞDU Hasan Murat , ÇİLOĞLU Ömer Hakan , EFE İrem , ULU Gamze
Published: January 2025

Aim: The color stability of PMMA-based denture base materials can be affected by personal habits, such as hygiene and beverage consumption. Color stability of denture bases is a crucial esthetic criterion for long-term success. In our study, the effect of three different local drinks consumed in the Thrace region on the color of base materials was measured.
Material and Methods: In this study, samples produced from three different PMMA-based pink acrylics (Meliodent Rapid Repair, Imicryl IQ15, Duracryl Heat Cure) with the traditional muffle method were immersed in four different solutions (Distilled water (ontrol Group), Chasteberry juice, Plum Juice, Black Mulberry Juice) ( n=10) was kept for 21 days. Color measurements were made with a spectrophotometer on days 0-7 and 21, and color change values (ΔE00) were calculated. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD multiple comparison test were used for statistical analysis of color changes (p=0.05).
Results: The findings showed that on the seventh day, the coloration caused by plum juice in samples was significantly higher than that of distilled water (p=0.002). There was no difference in color change in other drinks, materials and times (p>0.05). It was observed that on the seventh and twenty-first days, the color change values in all beverages remained below the visual perceptible limit (ΔE00<1.72).
Conclusion: PMMA-based base materials show color change as a result of interaction with beverages, and this change varies depending on the waiting time, acrylic brand and type. As a result, color changes between base materials and beverages were not clinically significant.
Evaluation of the Content Quality of YouTube Videos Related to Endocrown
Authors: KÜÇÜK KELEŞ Öznur , SEÇKİN KELTEN Özlem
Published: January 2025

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and validate the popularity, content, reliability, and educational contribution of endocrown-related YouTube videos.
Material and Methods: Two researchers systematically searched about endocrown on YouTube on April 10, 2023, by using the term “endocrown”. The top 250 of the search results were later added to the watchlist. Finally, 30 videos were included for analysis. Time since upload, duration, number of views, likes, number of subscriptions, number of views were recorded. The DISCERN instrument, the benchmarks established by the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and Global Quality Scores (GQS) were used to evaluate these 30 videos. Assumptions were checked and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to examine the differences between the averages of video features according to GQS and DISCERN scores.
Results: According to the results of the analysis, a statistically significant difference was found between the averages of video features according to GQS groups and DISCERN scores (p<0.05). As a result of the analysis, a statistically significant difference was found between the video duration averages according to the JAMA scores (p<0.05). Kendal's Tau correlations were applied to examine the relationships between YouTube features and GQS, DISCERN, and JAMA scores. As a result of the analysis statistically significant relationships were found between time and GQS, DISCERN, and JAMA scores
Conclusions: Despite the limited number of related videos, YouTube has shown similarity in the reliability and quality of videos on the topic of endocrown. As the duration of the videos increased, their reliability increased.
A Large Radicular Cyst Mimicking Pleomorphic Adenoma: A Case Report
Authors: ÇANKAYA Rabia Tül Adeviye , BAŞ Burcu
Published: January 2025

This case report aimed to explain the diagnosis and treatment of a radicular cyst that is located on the palate, expands towards the nasal cavity, and causes breathing difficulty in the patient because it puts pressure on the nasal cavity.
A 17-year-old female patient presented to our clinic with palatal swelling and difficulty breathing. Intraoral examination revealed a lesion on the right side of the hard palate that spread to the base. Radiographic examination revealed a unilocular radiolucent lesion with loss of border definition involving the roots of the right maxillary first molar, extending towards the nasal cavity. Since the clinical appearance was characteristic of minor salivary gland tumors, the differential diagnosis included pleomorphic adenoma. In aspiration biopsy, cyst fluid was aspirated from the lesion and the preliminary diagnosis was revealed as an odontogenic cyst. Due to the large size of the cyst, treatment was started with surgical marsupialization and incisional biopsy to protect the surrounding anatomical structures. The biopsy result was a benign inflamed cyst. The lesion was excised completely in the 6th month. Any recurrence was observed at a 1.5-year follow-up.
Pengertian, Tujuan, dan Dampak Pendidikan Global
Authors: Peramita Risna , Amelia Nia , Martha Alfroki
Published: January 2025

Pendidikan global dapat mempersiapkan peserta didik menjadi manusia yang otonom, dan bertanggung jawab. Pendidikan global merupakan proses pendidikan yang bertujuan untuk mempersiapkan peserta didik dengan kemampuan dasar intelektual dan tanggung jawab, pendidikan global memegang peranaan yang sangat penting dalam meningkatkan sumber daya manusia yang berkwalitas. Globalisasi membawa tantangan dan perubahan dalam pengelolaaan hidup dan masyarakat termasuk dalam dunia pendidikan. Sebagai seorang pendidik yang mempunyai tanggung jawab dalam mencerdaskan peserta didik harus dapat membuka diri untuk menambah wawasan dan pengetahuan serta melek terhadap perkembangan tekonologi sehingga dapat bersaing dengan Negara lain. Kepedulian terhadap kelestarian lingkungan dan budaya serta kearifan lokal harus tetap dijaga sebagai pondasi agara tidak terkikisannya kebudaya yang ada di Indonesia.
PERBANDINGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI MASERASI DAN SOKHLETASI TERHADAP KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% DAUN KLUWIH (Artocarpus camansi)
Authors: Gita Regita Wananda Putri , M. Hidayatullah  , Eka Fitri Susiani
Published: January 2025

The utilization of medicinal plants is one of the steps for alternative medicine. One of them is the kluwih plant (Artocarpus camansi) which is also similar to the breadfruit plant but has differences in its fruit. The purpose of this research is to analyze the total flavonoid content of 96% ethanol extract of kluwih leaves and which method has the potential to produce greater total flavonoid content. Extraction of kluwih leaves was done by maceration and sokhletation. The method implemented was UV-Vis spectrophotometry with AlCl3 reagent and involving quercetin as a comparator. Based on the analysis by applying the maceration method, an average level of 23.05 mg QE/g extract was obtained for the total flavonoid content of 96% ethanol extract of kluwih leaves, while the sokhletation method obtained an average of 31.33 mg QE/g extract. So it can be concluded that the extraction method that produces a greater total flavonoid content of 96% ethanol extract of kluwih leaves is sokhletasi.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KADAR SENYAWA NITRIT PADA SOSIS AYAM DAN SOSIS SAPI CURAH DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Authors: Bella Setya Ananda  , Styawan Anita Agustina
Published: January 2025

In the current era of globalization, processed meat products are one type of fast food widely consumed by the public, especially sausages. Nitrite as a food preservative for processed meat, especially in sausages. However, it needs to be considered so as not to exceed the limit so that it does not adversely affect human health. This study aims to determine the levels of nitrite preservatives in bulk chicken sausages and bulk beef sausages circulating in online stores. The determination of nitrite levels in the samples was carried out using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method using griess reagent and aquadestilata solution, the maximum wavelength obtained was 545 nm.Qualitative test results were positive for nitrite with pink color results. Quantitative tests using UV-Vis spectrophotometry obtained nitrite preservative levels equal to 3 replicates, the average bulk chicken sausage nitrite level was 1,44 mg/kg and the average bulk beef sausage level was 3,992 mg/kg. From the results of the study, nitrite levels in chicken sausage and bulk beef sausage circulating in online stores are suitable for consumption because nitrite levels in bulk chicken and beef sausages are not more than 30 mg/kg according to BPOM RI No. 36 of 2013 concerning nitrite preservatives in processed meat products.
Editorial - BIOINFO #04
Authors: da Silva Alessandra Lima , Mariano Diego
Published: January 2025

Nesta quarta edição, temos a satisfação de apresentar 11 artigos aceitos para publicação, distribuídos em duas principais áreas: Educação e Pesquisa Científica. Os trabalhos abrangem diversos formatos, incluindo análises críticas, institucionais, científicas, além de relatos pessoais e tutoriais.
O Laboratório de Tecnologia Educacional e Bioinformática - LaTEB - e seu esforço para levar a Bioinformática para a educação básica
Authors: Coutinho Tarcisio José Domingos , Oliveira Camila Franco Batista de
Published: January 2025

A Bioinformática é uma área que vem crescendo bastante ao longo dos últimos anos, permitindo o avanço de muitas áreas tanto das Ciências Biológicas quanto das Exatas. Sua importância se mostra notável , cada vez mais cursos de graduação e, especialmente, de pós-graduação onde estão sendo oferecidos em diversas modalidades de ensino, o que contribui significativamente para a difusão de conhecimento e formação de mão de obra qualificada para a realização das análises de dados necessárias. No entanto, apesar de sua reconhecida importância no meio acadêmico e científico, a Bioinformática continua muito distante da sala de aula das escolas da educação básica de todo o Brasil, como também não faz parte do arcabouço de conhecimento de muitos docentes que atuam neste nível de ensino. Porém, percebe-se que essa disciplina já está nos livros didáticos quando o assunto trata de genoma, sequenciamento do material genético, transcritoma, dentre outros termos, assim como em avaliações nacionais, como a Olimpíada Brasileira de Biologia, que é aplicada aos discentes do ensino médio e, por isso, se faz necessário um esforço conjunto para que esta área do conhecimento seja amplamente conhecida e divulgada em todos os níveis de ensino.
Reciclagem de dados de expressão gênica na validação de experimentos envolvendo biologia molecular
Authors: Melo Wanderson Gabriel Gomes de
Published: January 2025

A utilização de dados genômicos disponíveis em bancos públicos é uma estratégia eficiente para otimizar a validação de hipóteses, reduzindo custos e tempo. Este tutorial tem como objetivo fornecer um manual prático para utilizar dados públicos do Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) na validação de experimentos de biologia molecular. Serão apresentados os passos necessários para acessar, processar e integrar esses dados com métodos experimentais tradicionais, como o quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). O manual aborda o acesso ao GEO, como realizar buscas eficazes e a extração dos dados, além de instruções sobre o uso de pacotes do R, como limma e DESeq2, para o processamento e análise diferencial dos dados de expressão gênica. A seguir, é detalhado como os dados extraídos podem ser integrados com experimentos laboratoriais para validação dos resultados.
Petani Maju Sebagai Agen Pembangunan Pertanian
Authors: Haryanto Yoyon , Wiwik Yuniarti
Published: January 2025

Penyuluh swadaya yang berasal dari petani maju hadir karena adanya tuntutan pendekatan partisipatori agar petani dapat menjadi subjek dalam program pembangunan pertanian mulai dari tahap mengidentifikasi masalah, merencanakan, melaksanakan hingga tahap mengevaluasinya. Petani maju memiliki keunggulan dalam melaksanakan perannya sebagai agen perubahan di perdesaan karena bagian dari komunitasnya dan lebih dipercaya oleh sesama petani. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil telaah dan kajian yang bertujuan memaparkan konsep tentang petani maju dapat menjadi penyuluh swadaya dan memiliki kemampuan untuk mewujudkan penyuluhan dari petani ke petani. Selain sebagai pembantu penyuluh, petani maju sebagai penyuluh swadaya juga menjadi pelaku aktif dalam konsep metode belajar dari petani ke petani. Optimalisasi peran petani maju sebagai penyuluh swadaya dalam mendorong percepatan regenerasi petani menjadi salah satu solusi dalam menyusun road map pengembangan agropreneur muda. Hal ini telah terbukti bahwa petani maju sebagai penyuluh swadaya mampu berperan  dalam menyebarkan teknologi tradisional berbasis kearifan lokal, menjadi pemimpin informal dan mampu bersinergi dengan sesama petani dalam mendorong pembangunan pertanian di pedesaan. Petani maju memiliki kecenderungan kapabilitas menjadi penyuluh swadaya sebagai penggerak penyuluhan dari petani ke petani.  Upaya untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut dapat dilakukan melalui peningkatan kapasitas penyuluh swadaya dalam hal mengorganisasikan dan memandirikan petani sehingga paradigma penyuluhan yang partisipatori dan meninggalkan pola lama pemerintah (top down) dapat terwujud.
Thinking Heidegger's Unthought
Authors: Pooley Kyle
Published: January 2025

This essay confronts the on-going debate surrounding the “Heidegger affair” in two ways. First, given what we have learned from the publication of the Black Notebooks, the question of whether Heidegger’s thinking is ‘contaminated’ or inseparable from his encounter with National Socialism is problematised in three related reasons: 1) the notebooks reveal Heidegger’s increasingly critical attitude towards National Socialism, 2) Heidegger’s turn away from National Socialism can be ascribed to his ‘being-historical antisemitism,’ and 3) Heidegger’s conceptually distinct antisemitism is intimately tied to his criticism of technology. Second, the essay proceeds to question what it means to think with and against Heidegger and, moreover, the possibility of ‘rescuing’ him from the ‘danger’ of his own thought. This essay does so by appeal to Heidegger himself, i.e., how Heidegger would proceed to ‘think his own unthought.’ To think Heidegger’s unthought requires going back to his criticism of technology and his ‘being-historical antisemitism’ in order to show how Heidegger thought about the poetical ‘rescuing’ growing within the ‘danger’ of technology.
The Eclipse of Natural Right in Walter Benjamin’s Natural History of Baroque Sovereignty
Authors: Ovcharuk Bogdan
Published: January 2025

In Origin of the German Trauerspiel, Benjamin offers a “natural history” of Baroque sovereignty. This paper examines how the Baroque allegory of nature, implied in the natural history approach, informs Benjamin’s legal critique and analysis of Fascism. I begin by discussing Benjamin’s historico-philosophical approach to law and justice in “Critique of Violence,” where the evocation of natural history occurs against the backdrop of Benjamin’s rejection of any affirmative concept of natural right. This negative criticism is shown to have originated in Trauerspiel, where natural history as a method contains the discoveries Benjamin made about the 17th-century Baroque allegory of nature in philosophical, theological, and aesthetic terms. The portrayal of nature as fallen, transient, and positivized informs Benjamin’s theory of Baroque sovereignty and his understanding of the fate of legal positivism. At the crux of this paper, I show that this conservative-revolutionary hermeneutics enables a profound understanding of reactionary political phenomena from the 19th-century Romantic counter-revolution and restoration to the 20th-century Fascist triumph of legal positivism. In particular, Benjamin’s natural history reveals the origins of Schmitt’s total state in these persisting tendencies with origins in the political theory of the 17th-century absolute monarchy. However, regardless of the metaphysical depth of Benjamin’s natural history of Baroque sovereignty, his dismissal of the natural right tradition leads him to pit fallen positive law against redemptive utopianism in a way that fails to expound any realizable just ends. I conclude that the limitation of this approach, which is reflected in antinomian interpretations of Benjamin, can be remedied with an expanded program of natural history that calls forth the materialist dialectical critique of historical contradictions of rational natural right without rejecting it.
Analisis Pengunaan Aplikasi Anates Terhadap Pengembangan Soal Assemen Formatif Siswa di MAN 1 Langkat
Authors: Wiguna Satria
Published: January 2025

The assessment questions carried out by teachers in Indonesia are only to measure knowledge thinking abilities at a low cognitive level. This is a factor in the need for MAN 1 Langkat teachers to improve the quality of assessment questions by using the Anates application.  This research aims to determine the use of the Anates application in the development of student formative assessment questions at MAN 1 Langkat. This research method uses a mixed method with the exploratory sequential design, to analyze the use of Anates's application in the development of students' formative assessment questions, a qualitative method is used, while to measure the influence between variables, a quantitative method is used. Research data was analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) approach. The research results show that the use of the Anates application for MAN 1 Langkat teachers plays a very important role in improving the quality of evaluation and learning, with analysis features that enable teachers to design effective questions and support collaboration between teachers. Based on the results of hypothesis testing via the t test (partial test), it was found that the use of the Anates application had a significantly effective effect on the development of student formative assessment questions at MAN 1 Langkat, with a p value < 0.05 and tcount > ttable (4.043 > 2.01537), so the alternative hypothesis Ha is accepted.
Fungistatic activity and mechanism of Caulerpa racemosa, Caulerpa lentillifera fractions and caulerpin metabolite against pathogenic fungi
Authors: Nursidika Perdina , Julianti Elin , Kurniati Neng F.
Published: January 2025

The increasing prevalence of azole resistance in various fungal species presents a significant concern, highlighting the urgent need for new antifungal agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of fractions from Caulerpa racemosa, C. lentillifera, and caulerpin against three species: Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, and Candida albicans. The Caulerpa extracts were obtained through maceration with 96% ethanol, followed by fractionation using vacuum liquid chromatography. Antifungal activity was assessed using the broth microdilution method, while fungal growth kinetics were evaluated through time-kill curves. Bioautography was employed to identify inhibitory compounds, while liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was utilized to detect the contents of the extracts and fractions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the fungal structure, and the absorbance at 260/280 nm was measured to evaluate the cell leakage. LC-HRMS identified numerous compounds in C. racemosa and C. lentillifera with antifungal activities, including fatty acids, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, and coumarins. The results indicate that the fractions of both Caulerpa did not inhibit the growth of A. flavus and A. niger, but effectively inhibited C. albicans. Among the fractions, F3CR and F4CL exhibited the highest antifungal efficacy against C. albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 64 to 128 µg/mL. Caulerpin, the primary metabolite of Caulerpa, also demonstrated significant inhibition, with an MIC of 256 µg/mL. The findings suggested that F3CR, F4CL, and caulerpin possessed fungistatic properties. Bioautography results revealed clear zones in the colonies, indicating inhibited fungal growth. The SEM observations showed that fungal cells became rough, perforated, and damaged, which was confirmed by the increase in absorbance at 260/280 nm, suggesting the release of cellular components such as nucleotides and proteins. In conclusion, both Caulerpa species and caulerpin are promising candidates for developing new antifungal agents against C. albicans.
The Inadvertent Placement of a Urethral Catheter into the Ureter A Rare but Serious Complication
Authors:   Consultant Urologist, Bolton Urology Centre, Royal Bolton Hospital, Minerva Road, Farnworth, Bolton BL4 0JR, UK., Agapios Gkentzis
Published: January 2025

Catheterisation is a common urological procedure. Inflation of a urethral catheter balloon inside the ureter is a rare but possible complication of urethral catheterisation.
Gastric mucormycosis post COVID 19
Authors:   Endoscopy, Hospital Mestre Vitalino, Caruaru, Brazil., F Silva Heullys
Published: January 2025

Mucormycosis is a serious disease caused by fungi of the Mucorales order Mucorales. The main risk factors of mucormycosis include diabetes mellitus, phagocyte deficiency, corticosteroid use and organ or stem cell transplantation.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Genially untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Sejarah Siswa di SMAN 2 Woja
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah , Ndari Ndari , Awaludin Awaludin , Fizen Fizen
Published: January 2025

Genially merupakan platform berbasis web untuk pembuatan konten multimedia dengan fitur-fitur infografis, presentasi, peta, games, dan gambar animasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kevalidan, kepraktisan serta keefektifan media pembelajaran menggunakan genially pada pembelajaran sejarah di SMAN 2 Woja. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Research and Delopment (R&D) yang mengacu pada model pengembangan perangkat 4-D (Four-D) yang dikembangkan oleh Thiangarajan. Dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu melalui angket. Analisis hasil penelitian berdasarkan penilian 2 velidator menunjukan bahwa media pembelajaran genially dengan presentase 93% dapat dikategorikan sangat valid artinya media pembelajaran ini layak untuk digunakan.  Adapun hasil dari kepraktisan oleh ahli praktisi media pembelajaran menggunakan genially dengan presentase 91% dikategorikan sangat praktis. Sedangkan analisi hasil dari nilai keefektifan berdasarkan soal tes yang telah dijawab oleh siswa menggunakan media genially, maka diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 85% dengan kriteria sangat efektif. Jadi, pengembengan media pembelajaran berbasis genially pada pembelajaran sejarah siswa SMAN 2 Woja dapat dinyatakan efektif digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelaran.