bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A recriação da vida em chatbot e avatares com o uso de dados póstumos
Authors: Silva Paula C. N. , Trevisan Daniele , Maciel Cristiano
Published: October 2021

A recriação da vida após a morte a partir do legado digital do usuário já é realidade, a qual pode ser concebida via chatbot e avatares. Diante disso, realizamos uma pesquisa com o objetivo de analisar as opiniões e a aceitação das pessoas em relação à coleta de seus dados pessoais, incluindo os de redes sociais, para uma possível interação póstuma. A pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa utilizou para a coleta de dados a aplicação de um questionário que foi respondido por 112 pessoas. A partir dos dados da pesquisa percebemos que as opiniões dos participantes estão divididas, alguns acham interessante o uso da imortalidade digital na ajuda com o luto de entes queridos e outros problematizam questões envolvendo ética e privacidade.
Relato de Experiência de Educação Online - Avaliação em IHC Abordando a Finitude da Vida
Authors: Silva Jorge , Bim Sílvia Amélia , Trevisan Daniele , Maciel Cristiano
Published: October 2021

A pandemia de COVID-19 impôs limitações para os cenários de educação formal presencial. Por outro lado, essas limitações também convidaram para a inovação, seja na perspectiva das práticas educacionais ou nos conteúdos abordados. O presente artigo apresenta um relato de experiência, na percepção de um estudante de Sistemas de Informação, no contexto da disciplina de Avaliação em Interação Humano-Computador. Métodos de inspeção e observação foram aplicados na configuração de legado digital do Facebook. Dessa forma, o tema da finitude da vida foi abordado permitindo que as habilidades sociais e comunicativas fossem desenvolvidas, além das habilidades técnicas.
Investigation of the method of thermal friction turn-milling of high strength materials
Authors: Sherov Karibek , Mussayev Medgat , Usserbayev Muratbek , Magavin Sabit , Abisheva Nazerke , Karsakova Nurgul , Kuanov Issa , Bekzhanov Yeldos , Myrzakhmet Balgali
Published: October 2021

An analysis of the state of the matter of the manufacture of parts such as bodies of revolution has shown that there is a problem of turning processing by turning large, long parts, connected with increasing productivity and processing quality, as well as reducing the costs of turning operations. To solve this problem, the authors propose a resource-saving combined method for treating external cylindrical surfaces by thermal friction turn-milling. Experimental studies were performed on the processing of the outer cylindrical surface using a special friction cutter made of non-instrumental material. The results showed that with thermal friction turn-milling, it is possible to achieve Ra = 1,0 mcm. The process of chip formation was also investigated and the formation of a retarded layer was established, which protects the surface of the friction cutter from wear. Optimum values of cutting conditions for processing by thermal friction turn-milling of steel 30HGSA.
Incorporating an outsourcing strategy and in-house quality assurance into the production-shipment decision making
Authors: Wang Chiu , Li Yi-Ying , Chiu Victoria , Lin Hong-Dar
Published: October 2021

To stay competitive in turbulent business environments, manufacturing firms' managers today constantly seek ways to reduce order response time, smooth production schedules, ensure the quality of their products, and lower overall making and shipping costs. This study incorporates an outsourcing strategy and in-house quality assurance into a production-shipment problem to address the aforementioned operational goals. The objectives are to simultaneously find the optimal fabrication batch size and frequency of delivery that minimize the system's relevant costs and reveal in-depth information regarding the impact of diverse system parameters on the optimal policy and system cost. This study develops a model and uses the optimization method to resolve the problem. The research results facilitate managerial decisions in such a real-life situation.
The Impact of National Lockdown as a Response to Covid-19 on Migrated Children: Evidence from Durban, South Africa
Authors: Tolla Aden Dejene , Singh Shanta B.
Published: October 2021

The Novel Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) has affected many countries from the beginning of 2020 as it began to spread across the globe. The response of most affected nations was to declare national lockdowns in varying severities. South Africa declared one of, if not the most, severe lockdown of all countries which was termed in the media as “hard lockdown”. This paper discusses the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa and the effects of the national lockdown on children, more specifically children from migrated parents that have settled in South Africa. The research adopted a qualitative approach, coupled with a review of published literature from March-September 14, 2020, to develop an understanding of the effects of the national lockdown on children, from migrated families in Durban. Furthermore, qualitative data was collected through telephonic interviews with10 participants (parents). This paper established that although lockdowns have shown some evidence that they have flattened the curve of the rate of infected persons, it has not gone without any unintended consequences. One of them being its impact on the children of migrated parents. It postulates that lockdown measures may unintentionally cause harm to children both socio-economically, psychologically and in some cases abuse. The researcher recommended that radio and television broadcasting options for primary and secondary school programs.
Atypical presentations of superficial dermatophytoses associated with Ruocco’s immunocompromised cutaneous district: A case series
Authors: Kushwaha Ramesh Kumar , Mohta Alpana , Jain Suresh Kumar
Published: October 2021

An immunocompromised district is an area of irregular immune control of the skin occurring due to cutaneous damage of any sort conducive to the development of infections, immune reactions, and tumors. Superficial dermatophytoses are one of the most commonly encountered cutaneous infections, which, in some cases, may have various atypical presentations. Herein, we present a series of eleven such cases in which the presentation of a superficial dermatophytosis was altered by the concurrent presence of a different unrelated dermatosis on the same anatomical site.
Successful ablation of giant condyloma acuminata in an adolescent
Authors: Ganjoo Shikhar , Mishra Pratiksha , Sawhney Mohinder Pal Singh
Published: October 2021

Condyloma acuminata are usually associated with persistent and recurrent infections and early surgical intervention is often required to prevent recurrences. The Buschke–Löwenstein tumor, a locally invasive, slow-growing, cauliflower-like growth, is an example of a giant condyloma acuminatum. Herein, we report a case of sexually-acquired perianal giant condyloma acuminata in a fourteen-year-old male successfully treated by electrofulguration with radiofrequency cautery under general anesthesia in a single session with no evidence of recurrence over a follow-up period of six months.
Treatment of venous ulcers in drug addicts: A case report
Authors: Vasileva Mirela , Brishkoska Boshkovski Vesna , Petrov Andrej
Published: October 2021

Venous ulcers are common in drug addicts and, although the management of these wounds is the same as in other patients, there are differences in the approach and the outcome of treatment. Those injecting drugs are at risk of serious infections, such as necrotizing fasciitis, wound botulism, and cutaneous anthrax due to the nature of the substances being injected. Herein, we present two cases of venous ulcers in drug addicts in their thirties. Both patients had been suffering from a venous ulcer for several years and the final result differed in the two patients. We concluded that it is necessary to raise awareness of the importance of treatment and lifestyle changes. The multidisciplinary approach in these patients may contribute to the improvement of wound healing.
Favre–Racouchot disease: A clinico-dermoscopic profile
Authors: Rather Shagufta , Zeerak Sumaya , Bhat Manzoor
Published: October 2021

Favre–Racouchot disease (FRD) is clinically characterized by the presence of open comedones, small papules, and cystic lesions with deep wrinkles and furrows on sun-exposed areas, especially the face. FRD is a purely cosmetic disorder, with most patients not requesting treatment. Dermoscopy may play a vital role in diagnosing early lesions of FRD, averting the need for an invasive procedure such as a skin biopsy, and helping to differentiate it from close mimics. The dermoscopic features of FRD have not been reported in the literature before. We report a clinicoepidemiological profile and dermoscopic findings in patients presenting with features suggestive of FRD.
Dermatoses in the hospital and their impact on quality of life
Authors: Sof Kaoutar , Aouali Soraya , Bensalem Sara
Published: October 2021

Sir, Dermatological pathologies may be responsible for the creation of a real handicap, affecting the patient’s self-esteem and their professional and social life. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diseases on the quality of life of patients hospitalized at the dermatology department. The following was a retrospective study that included patients over eighteen years of age, hospitalized at the dermatology department of Hospital Mohammed VI in Oujda from January 2018 through December 2019. The Arabic version of the validated DLQI was used for all patients [1]. A total of 294 patients were collected, with a mean age of 53.95 years and a male-to-female ratio of 0.85. The most frequent reasons for hospitalization were infectious dermo-hypodermitis (n = 51), autoimmune bullous dermatosis (n = 23), severe drug eruption (n = 20), genodermatosis (n = 17), melanocytic (n = 9) and non-melanocytic skin tumors (n = 17), severe psoriasis (n = 17), cutaneous lymphoma (n = 11), alopecia areata (n = 10), dermatomyositis (n = 8), and Verneuil’s disease (n = 5). The DLQI was impossible to calculate in eleven patients. The mean DLQI in all patients was 10.20, corresponding to a moderate effect on quality of life. The mean DLQI was as follows: Verneuil’s disease at 17.4, severe psoriasis at 16.6, dermatomyositis at 14.42, genodermatosis at 12.37, cutaneous lymphoma at 11.45, severe drug eruption at 11, alopecia areata at 10.5, AIBD at 9.67, skin tumors at 7.76, and infectious dermo-hypodermitis at 7.52. The DLQI was the first index measuring quality of life in dermatology and is still widely used today[2]. The number of publications concerning the impact of dermatological pathologies on quality of life has increased in recent years [3]. Our results showed that the DLQI was higher in patients with Verneuil’s disease, severe psoriasis, and dermatomyositis. These results agree with the data of the literature, many publications have shown that psoriasis seriously impaired the quality of life and was responsible of social anxiety in patients [4]. Verneuil’s disease is also responsible of a significant impairment on quality of life mainly due to the sexual disorders caused by this pathology [5]. Another study on dermatomyositis showed that there is a significant correlation between the severity of skin signs and the quality of life of patients [6]. Dermatological pathologies are distinguished from other pathologies by their displaying character, which is responsible for a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life. The management of dermatology patients requires psychological support in addition to conventional therapy. However, these pathologies are still not recognized as long-term illnesses in Morocco.
Squamous cell carcinoma mimicking a wart
Authors: Oulehri Aida , Elloudi Sara , Baybay Hanane
Published: October 2021

Sir, Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, a malignant proliferation of the cutaneous epithelium, represents the second most common non-melanoma skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma [1]. Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a rare, low-grade, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma most commonly seen in the mucosa, infrequently reported to occur in the skin, where it is a slow-growing and locally aggressive tumor. It is not uncommon for cutaneous verrucous carcinomas to be mistaken for the more frequent wart (verruca vulgaris) and treated accordingly [2]. The etiopathogenesis of VC is not completely known. One theory mentions the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection; with plantar lesions, the types involved are reported to be 16 and 11 [3]. Histopathological diagnosis is difficult and needs one or more broad and in-depth biopsies. Morbidity results from the local destruction of the skin and soft tissues and, occasionally, from a perineural, muscular, and even bony invasion. Metastasis to regional lymphatic ganglia is rare, found in 5% of cases [4]. VC bears a high risk of local relapse. No matter the treatment employed, the rate of recurrence varies from 30% to 50% and usually is not the result of incomplete surgical interventions. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision with safety margins [5]. A forty-year-old female patient with no previous history presented herself with a hyperkeratotic lesion on the right foot persistent for two years, which she had been manipulating routinely, which had progressively been increasing in size for the previous year, and which, for the previous three months, had become painful and bleeding. An examination revealed a hyperkeratotic plaque with a hyperpigmented border, hard on palpation, adherent to the deep plane, and with an eroded surface (Fig. 1). Dermoscopy was able to find a papillomatous appearance surrounded by dotted vessels (Fig. 2). This dermoscopic aspect typical of vulgar warts was confusing. Indeed, dermoscopy of the foot wart shows red or black dots in the center of papillomatous structures, which are thrombosed vessels supplying the wart; hence the importance, in our opinion, of the clinical and pathological correlation. For this reason, we performed a skin biopsy; an anatomopathological study found a squamous cell carcinoma of the verrucous type.
Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)] as Influenced by Tillage, Nutrient Levels and Foliar Sprays
Authors: Suresh Gurrala , Nagavani A. V. , Sumathi V. , Krishna T. Giridhara , Sudhakar P. , Sagar G. Karuna
Published: October 2021

A field investigation was conducted during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 to study the effect of tillage, nutrient levels and foliar sprays on yield and nutrient uptake of redgram on sandy loam soil which was low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and available potassium. The research was conducted in a split-split plot design, consisting of three tillage practices in main plots, three nutrient levels in sub-plots and three foliar sprays in sub-sub plots. Higher seed yield and nutrient uptake of redgram was recorded with vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm deep at 1 m interval with application of 125 % RDF and with foliar application of KNO3 1 % twice with 15 days interval at 50 per cent  flowering stage.
A Review on Nutritional and Dietary Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Fadl Ahmed Abdelsamie , Mujir S. Aljahdali, Sarah , Awad S. Alraddadi, Shahad
Published: October 2021

In this review we will be looking at nutritional intervention that can be used to achieve better results in management and treatment of autism spectrum disorder. Eating disorders are widespread in children with autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Their penchant for high-energy, low-nutrient foods can change their metabolism, creating an accumulation of reactive radicals and mental and physical deterioration. Probiotics, which are live microorganisms that provide a health benefit to the host when given in sufficient amounts, are gaining popularity as a potential treatment option for ASD. Studies shows that using of special and alternative nutritional diets can achieve better results for children with autism however some of these studies shows that the true effectiveness of such approaches is minimal if not lacking at all. It is recommended that there are many factors that play role in outcomes of theses treatment therefor more research is must in order to draw clear conclusion weather or not using of alternative diet is effective enough and if so, what’s the best guidelines for it.
Overview on Thyroid Disorders and Stress
Authors: Yousef Arub Adnan , Alanazi Sultanah Rawi Abdullah , Alanazi Fatimah Mofareh Murid , Alenezi Sarah fereih meraid , Abdullah Ahmed Mahmoud R , Alharbi Mohammed Ghannam Thallab
Published: October 2021

Background: Several studies have found a link between stress and thyroid disorder, the majority of evidence supporting stress contributing to the start and progression of autoimmune illness is circumstantial, and the mechanisms by which stress impacts thyroid is not fully understood. Study aims to summarize the current evidence regarding relation between thyroid disorders and stress.

Methodology: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Psyc Info, and ASSIA were searched and reference lists of included studies were searched. Studies were included that described relation between stress and thyroid disorders. No software has been utilized to analyze the data. The data was extracted based on specific form that contains (Author’s name, publication year, country, methodology and results).

Results: The search of the mentioned databases returned a total of 87 studies that were included for title screening. 54 of them were included for abstract screening, which lead to the exclusion of 32 articles. The remaining 22 publications full-texts were reviewed. The full-text revision lead to the exclusion of 13 studies, and 9 were enrolled for final data extraction.

Conclusion: There is evidence regarding the association of thyroid disorders with stress. These findings add to the growing literature suggesting that thyroid function changes may be associated with stress.
Management of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Emergency: A Review
Authors: Sonbul Hisham Mohammed , Alabid Abdulrahman Mohammed S. , Almarshad Fahad Ali A. , Saad M. Alqahtani, Ali , Barakat Rayan Ali , Ahmed K. Abudeyah, Manal , Ramadhan Ameera Jassim A. Al , Binmohaiya Muteb Bandar , Abdullah B. Alqarni, Alwaled , Abdulrahman H. Hayash, Fatimah , Alabdulwahab Abdulelah Ahmed
Published: October 2021

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is life threatening disease it’s often associated with sepsis, which require ICU management. In individuals with sepsis, the risk of DIC is especially high, DIC affects 30 to 50 percent of these individuals. Also it affects only about ten percent of patients with solid tumors, trauma, or obstetric emergencies. Hematological malignancies, aneurysms, and liver diseases can also cause the disease, the treatment for DIC focuses on resolving the underlying problem that led to this condition in the first place. As a result, antibiotics for severe sepsis, delivery in the case of placental abruption, and exploratory surgical intervention in the case of trauma are the pillars of DIC treatment, Patients with active bleeding or a high risk of bleeding, as well as those who require an invasive surgery, should consider platelet and plasma transfusions. Other anti-coagulant drugs can also be used. Prothrombin complex concentrates should only be administered in an emergency, due to their possible dangers. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin rhTM it was developed and licensed for clinical usage in Japan in 2008, and it’s one of the novel treatments for DIC. Anti-Xa agents, Synthetic protease inhibitors, and antithrombin are another options for treatment. In this article we will be making overview of the disease, it’s etiology an what’s the current management options.
The Association of Interleukin 1 Beta in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis – A Systematic Review
Authors: Viswasini R. Deepa , Ramani Pratibha , Sukumaran Gheena
Published: October 2021

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic ulcerative disease with a complex aetiology and a strong immunological basis. The prototypical pro-inflammatory cytokine is interleukin-1 (IL-1). IL-1alpha and IL-1beta are the two subtypes of IL-1. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta is a key mediator of inflammation which affects cell proliferation and differentiation.

Aim: To systematically review the association of Interleukin 1 beta with the recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Methods: A comprehensive search was done using electronic data bases such as PubMed Central, Google Scholar and direct web search. The title scan was used to find relevant articles, which were then read and appraised for inclusion. This review analysed all research that investigated the use of IL1 beta with RAS.

Results: Electronic database search identified 31 articles. After evaluating the title, abstract, and full text of these articles, only 2 were selected for the present systematic review. A final of 2 studies were included based on the inclusion criteria to meet the research question.

Conclusion: This current study shows that IL1 beta is not a significant reliable indication of RAS. The association of IL1 beta and RAS varies due to a variety of confounding variables.
Pharmacokinetic and Phytochemical Appraisal of Trigonella foenum and Andrographis lineata in Dimethylnitrosamine Induced Injury in Albino Rats
Authors: Zahid Sara , Ahmed Asma , Khan Hasan Akbar , Zahid Fatima , Akbar Zeeshan , Waheed Hafsa , Abbas Ambreen
Published: October 2021

Trigonelline is a plant alkaloid and Andrographolide is a diterpene lactone, both exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity of the above said compounds in Dimethylnitrosamine induced toxicity in albino rats. Extraction of Trigonella foenum and Andrographis lineata was carried out by using methanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol assisted with suitable temperature, followed by DPPH scavenging activity (IC-50) of these extracts.Cmax, Tmax, t1/2, CL, Vd and AUC were evaluated as pharmacokinetic parameters by using calibration curves of Andrographolide and Trigonelline. Extracts of T. foenum-graecum and A. lineate have antioxidant activity by inhibiting DPPH (IC50 value was 69.04±3.65% and 71.76±6.99%, respectively) comparable with ascorbic acid (53.99±4.88%). Phytochemical analysis of T. foenum-graecum and A. lineate was found with maximum number of phenols in them, with least recovery in the ethyl acetate extract while maximum phenols were found in T. foenum graecum. All the pharmacokinetic parameters of trigonelline and andrographolide administered in low dose (200 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg respectively) confirmed the better antioxidative activity than that of ascorbic acid used as a potent antioxidant.
Pemodelan Torque Vectoring Sebagai Upaya Untuk Meningkatkan Stabilitas Pengendalian Mobil Listrik
Authors: Alimin Roche , Siahaan Ian Hardianto , Saputra Andre
Published: October 2021

Pesatnya perkembangan mobil listrik membuat banyak produsen otomotif berlomba mengembangkan teknologi mobil listrik mereka sendiri. Dari sisi pengaturan performa, mobil listrik lebih banyak menyediakan fleksibilitas daripada mobil konvensional, sehingga implementasi kontrol yang lebih mutakir menjadi lebih memungkinkan. Saat ini salah satu sistem kontrol yang tersedia dan dikembangkan pada mobil listrik adalah Torque Vectoring. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan algoritma sistem Torque Vectoring beserta sistem kontrolnya melalui pemodelan dan simulasi MATLAB-Simulink. Metode kontrol yang digunakan adalah kontroler PID. Variabel yang diukur untuk melihat keefektivitas sistem Torque Vectoring adalah yaw rate, sudut kemudi, sudut sideslip, traksi pada setiap ban, percepatan longitudinal dan lateral, kecepatan longitudinal, slip longitudinal di setiap ban, dan torsi output di setiap roda. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa algoritma sistem Torque Vectoring yang dikembangkan mampu meningkatkan stabilitas pengendalian mobil listrik. Sistem Torque Vectoring tersebut mampu beroperasi pada berbagai kondisi jalan dan manuver mobil, sehingga mobil dengan sistem Torque Vectoring lebih dapat dikendalikan dan stabil jika dibandingkan dengan mobil tanpa sistem Torque Vectoring.
Perspectivas Teóricas em Mindfulness: Similaridades, Diferenças e Aplicações
Authors: Siqueira Rodrigo P. , Sopezki Daniela , Menezes Carolina B. , Souza Cecilia M.
Published: October 2021

Mindfulness is a concept that has been increasingly employed in the scientifi c fi eld. However, because this term represents concepts and applications that derive from diff erent epistemologies, even if their meanings and purposes seem similar, it is necessary to map their points of convergence and divergences. Thus, this article aims to present the main characteristics of three major perspectives on mindfulness – the Buddhist tradition; the concept underlying mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), especially MBSR; and Ellen Langer’s theory – as well as to clarify the presuppositions of each one, their psychological and epistemological foundations as well as possible applications. From this presentation, the core characteristics of each theoretical model are compared, and then their particular and / or convergent assumptions, epistemologies and objectives are identifi ed. The result indicates that, although they bear some similarities, they have remarkable diff erences in their constructs, purposes and development. Therefore, although they are homonyms, they should not be considered equivalent. Keywords: mindfulness, interventions, buddhism, Kabat-Zinn, Langer.
Infant study of hemispheric asymmetry after long‐gap esophageal atresia repair
Authors: Kagan Mackenzie S. , Mongerson Chandler R. L. , Zurakowski David , Jennings Russell W. , Bajic Dusica
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Previous studies have demonstrated that infants are typically born with a left‐greater‐than‐right forebrain asymmetry that reverses throughout the first year of life. We hypothesized that critically ill term‐born and premature patients following surgical and critical care for long‐gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) would exhibit alteration in expected forebrain asymmetry.

Methods

Term‐born (n = 13) and premature (n = 13) patients, and term‐born controls (n = 23) <1 year corrected age underwent non‐sedated research MRI following completion of LGEA treatment via Foker process. Structural T1‐ and T2‐weighted images were collected, and ITK‐SNAP was used for forebrain tissue segmentation and volume acquisition. Data were presented as absolute (cm3) and normalized (% total forebrain) volumes of the hemispheres. All measures were checked for normality, and group status was assessed using a general linear model with age at scan as a covariate.

Results

Absolute volumes of both forebrain hemispheres were smaller in term‐born and premature patients in comparison to controls (p < 0.001). Normalized hemispheric volume group differences were detected by T1‐weighted analysis, with premature patients demonstrating right‐greater‐than‐left hemisphere volumes in comparison to term‐born patients and controls (p < 0.01). While normalized group differences were very subtle (a right hemispheric predominance of roughly 2% of forebrain volume), they represent a deviation from the expected pattern of hemispheric brain asymmetry.

Interpretation

Our pilot quantitative MRI study of hemispheric volumes suggests that premature patients might be at risk of altered expected left‐greater‐than‐right forebrain asymmetry following repair of LGEA. Future neurobehavioral studies in infants born with LGEA are needed to elucidate the functional significance of presented anatomical findings.
Coupling the Atomically Dispersed Fe‐N3 Sites with Sub‐5 nm Pd Nanocrystals Confined in N‐Doped Carbon Nanobelts to Boost the Oxygen Reduction for Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Lin Zinan , Yang Anzhou , Zhang Binbin , Liu Bing , Zhu Jiawei , Tang Yawen , Qiu Xiaoyu
Published: October 2021

Both the monodispersed Pd/C (2–5 nm) and Fe‐NC single atoms (SAs) are promising non‐Pt catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which belongs to precious metal and nonprecious metal camps, respectively. However, the poles apart of sub‐5 nm Pd/C and Fe‐NC SAs in synthesis and thermostability leave the challenge to integrate them together in one system. Herein, a 1‐naphthylamine protected pyrolysis mechanism is devised to couple the atomically dispersed Fe sites with sub‐5 nm Pd nanocrystals embedded in N‐doped carbon nanobelts (FeN3‐Pd@NC NBs). The FeN3 SAs represent the minimal surface blockage to tune the electronic structure of Pd, while the carbon frameworks are born with ultrathin, porous, and N‐doped feature's. As inspired, the FeN3‐Pd@NC NBs exhibit outstanding activity (E1/2 = 0.926 V) and durability (2 mV decay in E1/2 after 2000 cycles) for ORR, as well as achieving a maximum power density of 831.2 mW cm−2 in a microbial fuel cell operated for over 100 d. Density functional theory calculation reveals that the FeN3 SAs can shift the density of states of Pd toward the Fermi level, and their coupling can decrease the limiting reaction barrier with a value of −0.62 eV, thus greatly accelerating the ORR kinetics.
Breathable and Flexible Dual‐Sided Nonwovens with Adjustable Infrared Optical Performances for Smart Textile
Authors: Gao Qiang , Lauster Tobias , Kopera Bernd A. F. , Retsch Markus , Agarwal Seema , Greiner Andreas
Published: October 2021

Maintaining constant body temperature is the most basic function of textiles. However, traditional fabrics irradiate a massive amount of thermal energy to the ambient environment due to the high emissivity of the materials used for textiles. This phenomenon weakens the thermal function, causing vast thermal energy loss by dissipation as infrared (IR) irradiation. To improve thermal comfort and reduce extra energy consumption, smart thermal management textiles must maintain constant body temperature by regulating IR irradiation from the human body or by compensating heat losses by joule heating. Here, a smart dual‐sided nonwovens’ preparation procedure and properties for use as a textile with this combination of properties are shown. The nonwoven combines a high porosity with high IR reflectance and low IR emittance. The nonwoven is adjustable from reflective to emissive when turned inside out. It is consequently permeable to air and vapor and simultaneously mitigates thermal heat losses with radiation. In addition, low sheet resistance and superior flexibility make it possible to use them in flexible electronics and wearable devices. It can be further equipped with a porous Joule heating layer adding active control to the personal thermal comfort.
Light‐Driven Spiral Deformation of Supramolecular Helical Microfibers by Localized Photoisomerization
Authors: Deng Yuanxin , Zhang Qi , Nie Ting , Xu Fan , Costil Romain , Gong Xue‐Qing , Tian He , Feringa Ben L. , Qu Da‐Hui
Published: October 2021

Stimuli‐responsive mechanical deformations widely occur in biological systems but the design of biomimetic shape‐changing materials, especially those based on noncovalent interactions, remains highly challenging. Here, hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular microfibers are reported, which can perform light‐driven spiral deformation by switching an intrinsic azobenzene unit without monomer dissociation. The key design feature rests on rationally spaced multiple hydrogen bonds, which inhibits the disassembly pathway upon irradiation, allowing partial photomechanical actuation of the azobenzene cores in the confined environment of the assemblies. The light‐controlled deformation process of the supramolecular microfibers can be switched in a fully reversible manner. This combination of confinement‐inhibited disassembly and photoswitching to induce assembly deformation and actuation along length scales supports a distinctive strategy to design supramolecular materials with photomechanical motion.
Efficient Sky‐Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Oriented Perovskite Nanoplates
Authors: Xu Yushuai , Wang Hailong , Chen Yu , Chen Liang , Xie Zhiyuan
Published: October 2021

Excessive organic ligands damage the crystallinity of blue quasi‐2D perovskite, resulting in a small‐grain film with a high grain boundary ratio. Herein, oriented blue perovskite nanoplates are fabricated by using antisolvent additive engineering to tackle this issue. The introduction of triphenylphosphine oxide additive in antisolvents significantly increases the perovskite grain sizes, laying the foundation for in situ formation of perovskite nanoplates. The miscibility between ethyl acetate antisolvent and dimethyl sulfoxide host solvent affects formation of the oriented perovskite nanoplates. The perovskite film containing oriented nanoplates with enhanced crystallinity exhibits elevated photoluminescence quantum yield as compared to the control samples. Based on the oriented perovskite nanoplates, blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with an emission peak at 488 nm and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.5% are successfully fabricated. Moreover, the blue PeLEDs deliver a high brightness of 4256 cd m–2 with stable electroluminescent spectra.
Ion Motion Determines Multiphase Performance Dynamics of Perovskite LEDs
Authors: Chmeliov Jevgenij , Elkhouly Karim , Gegevičius Rokas , Jonušis Lukas , Devižis Andrius , Gelžinis Andrius , Franckevičius Marius , Goldberg Iakov , Hofkens Johan , Heremans Paul , Qiu Weiming , Gulbinas Vidmantas
Published: October 2021

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) currently reach up to about 20% external quantum efficiency (EQE) and are becoming a promising technology for display and lighting applications. Still, many issues regarding their performance remain unresolved, particularly those related to stability, operation in non‐stationary regimes, and efficiency roll‐off at high current densities. Here, some of those issues in PeLEDs based on MAPbI3 perovskite are addressed. The authors analyze the electroluminescence (EL) and current dynamics after the first‐time voltage application and after application of sequences of voltage pulses, at different temperatures. Analysis of the results suggests that the complex dynamics observed on time scales from sub‐seconds to minutes and hours can be explained by the spatial redistribution of mobile species, most likely iodine interstitials, characterized by ≈175 meV activation energy. This redistribution alters the carrier injection, spatial electric field, and charge carrier density distributions as well as density of nonradiative recombination centers within the perovskite layer. Mathematical modeling of the ion motion and related processes enabled to reproduce the EL and current dynamics and to disentangle complex sequence of processes governing the PeLED operation.
Water Transfer Printing of Multilayered Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetectors
Authors: Xiong Sixing , Li Jing , Peng Jiali , Dong Xinyun , Qin Fei , Wang Wen , Sun Lulu , Xu Yalun , Lin Qianqian , Zhou Yinhua
Published: October 2021

To obtain high‐performance organic near‐infrared (NIR) photodetectors, it is essential to suppress the noise current. Here, high‐performance organic NIR photodetectors based on a multilayered structure fabricated by a water transfer printing strategy are reported. These devices comprise a NIR small molecule electron‐accepting layer (IEICO‐4F) and several repeating polymers stacked electron‐donating layers (PTB7‐Th). These polymer layers are prepared onto water substrate and transferred to the target substrate directly, working as an electron‐donating moiety and also as an electron blocking layer. The water transfer printing fabricated multilayered NIR photodetectors obtain extremely low noise current by suppressing the reverse dark current and decreasing the carriers trapping/de‐trapping. The NIR organic photodiodes with multilayered structure exhibit a noise current as low as about 27 fA Hz−1/2 at −0.5 V, resulting in a specific detectivity of approaching 1012 Jones at the NIR wavelength of 860 nm that is about 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the control devices with a bulk‐heterojunction structure. Furthermore, the multilayered NIR photodetectors also exhibit a large linear dynamic range, fast response simultaneously. This proposed multilayered structure and the utilization of the water transfer printing method could help create high‐performance organic photodetectors.
Nanodelivery Systems Face Challenges and Limitations in Bone Diseases Management
Authors: Giordano Federica , Lenna Stefania , Rampado Riccardo , Brozovich Ava , Hirase Takashi , Tognon Mauro G. , Martini Fernanda , Agostini Marco , Yustein Jason T. , Taraballi Francesca
Published: October 2021

Bone is a highly dynamic tissue. Hence, diseases affecting bone tissue, such as cancer (primary tumors and metastases), osteoporosis, and genetic conditions present many challenges for traditional therapies, leading to poor therapeutic outcome. Nano‐delivery systems are innovative tools used for the treatment of a variety of diseases due to their ability to deliver various therapeutic cargos and specifically target disease sites, including difficult ones like bone. A variety of nano‐delivery strategies are recently explored to treat bone‐related pathologies, with many resulting in better outcomes than traditional approaches. In this review, the authors cover recent attempts to use nano‐delivery systems for the treatment of skeletal‐related disorders including primary bone tumors, metastatic bone tumors, and non‐cancerous bone disorders. Finally, potential barriers for the translation of such new therapeutics into the clinic and possible methods to overcome these barriers, are discussed.
DNA‐Directed Patterning for Versatile Validation and Characterization of a Lipid‐Based Nanoparticle Model of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Kozminsky Molly , Carey Thomas R. , Sohn Lydia L.
Published: October 2021

Lipid‐based nanoparticles have been applied extensively in drug delivery and vaccine strategies and are finding diverse applications in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic—from vaccine‐component encapsulation to modeling the virus, itself. High‐throughput, highly flexible methods for characterization are of great benefit to the development of liposomes featuring surface proteins. DNA‐directed patterning is one such method that offers versatility in immobilizing and segregating lipid‐based nanoparticles for subsequent analysis. Here, oligonucleotides are selectively conjugated onto a glass substrate and then hybridized to complementary oligonucleotides tagged to liposomes, patterning them with great control and precision. The power of DNA‐directed patterning is demonstrated by characterizing a novel recapitulative lipid‐based nanoparticle model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)—S–liposomes—that presents the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S) protein on its surface. Patterning a mixture of S–liposomes and liposomes that display the tetraspanin CD63 to discrete regions of a substrate shows that angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) specifically binds to S–liposomes. Subsequent introduction of S–liposomes to ACE2‐expressing cells tests the biological function of S–liposomes and shows agreement with DNA‐directed patterning‐based assays. Finally, multiplexed patterning of S–liposomes verifies the performance of commercially available neutralizing antibodies against the two S variants. Overall, DNA‐directed patterning enables a wide variety of custom assays for the characterization of any lipid‐based nanoparticle.
Baseplate Temperature‐Dependent Vertical Composition Gradient in Pseudo‐Bilayer Films for Printing Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zheng Yina , Sun Rui , Zhang Meng , Chen Zhihao , Peng Zhengxing , Wu Qiang , Yuan Xinxin , Yu Yue , Wang Tao , Wu Yao , Hao Xiaotao , Lu Guanghao , Ade Harald , Min Jie
Published: October 2021

Numerous previous reports on the sequential deposition (SD) technique have demonstrated that this approach can achieve a p‐i‐n active layer architecture with an ideal vertical composition gradient, which is one of the critical factors that can influence the physical processes that determine the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells. Herein, a commonly used photovoltaic system comprised of PM6 as a donor and Y6 as an acceptor is investigated with respect to sequential blade‐processing deposition to comprehensively explore the morphology characteristics as a function of baseplate temperature. A systematic study of the temperature‐dependent blend morphology elucidates the SD‐processed configuration merits and device physics behind temperature‐controlled degree of vertical composition gradient, and constructs the temperature‐microstructure‐property relationship for the corresponding photovoltaic parameters. The result shows, as the temperature increases, the morphology of the active layer has undergone a distinct evolution from the pseudo‐bulk heterojunction to a pseudo‐planar heterojunction and then to a pseudo‐planar bilayer, leading to a non‐monotonic correlation between baseplate temperature and device performance. This investigation not only reveals the importance of precisely controlling baseplate temperature for gaining vertical morphology control, but also provides a path toward rational optimization of device performance in the lab‐to‐fab transition.
After Theranos: Using point‐of‐care testing to advance measures of health biomarkers in human biology research
Authors: Gildner Theresa E. , Eick Geeta N. , Schneider Alaina L. , Madimenos Felicia C. , Snodgrass J. Josh
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The rise and fall of the health technology startup Theranos is emblematic of the promise and peril of point‐of‐care testing (POCT). Instruments that deliver immediate results from minimally invasive samples at the location of collection can provide powerful tools to deliver health data in clinical and public health contexts. Yet, POCT availability is driven largely by market interests, which limits the development of inexpensive tests for diverse health conditions that can be used in resource‐limited settings. These constraints, combined with complex regulatory hurdles and substantial ethical challenges, have contributed to the underutilization of POCT in human biology research.

Methods

We evaluate current POCT capabilities and limitations, discuss promising applications for POCT devices in resource‐limited settings, and discuss the future of POCT.

Results

As evidenced by publication trends, POCT platforms have rapidly advanced in recent years, gaining traction among clinicians and health researchers. We highlight POCT devices of potential interest to population‐based researchers and present specific examples of POCT applications in human biology research.

Conclusions

Several barriers can limit POCT applications, including cost, lack of regulatory approval for non‐clinical use, requirements for expensive equipment, and the dearth of validation in remote field conditions. Despite these issues, we see immense potential for emerging POCT technology capable of analyzing new sample types and used in conjunction with increasingly common technology (e.g., smart phones). We argue that the fallout from Theranos may ultimately provide an opportunity to advance POCT, leading to more ethical data collection and novel opportunities in human biology research.
The Great Recession weighted on Portuguese children: A structural equation modeling approach considering eating patterns
Authors: Rodrigues Daniela , Carmo Ariene , Gama Augusta , Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides M. , Nogueira Helena , Rosado‐Marques Vítor , Silva Maria‐Raquel , Padez Cristina
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Further evidence on how the Great Recession was associated with childhood obesity is needed, particularly when the world is facing a new and severe economic downturn caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study explores: (1) the direct association of the 2008's economic crisis with eating patterns and body mass index (BMI), among children, independently of their socioeconomic status (SES), and (2) the indirect association between the crisis and children's BMI, by using eating patterns as mediators.

Methods

A sample of children (n = 8472, mean age: 7.17 years old, 50.8% male) was recruited in schools from the cities of Porto, Coimbra and Lisbon, Portugal. Children's height and weight were objectively measured; BMI was calculated. Other data were collected by a parental questionnaire. A structural equation modeling studied the associations between the economic crisis impact, eating patterns, and BMI; model was adjusted for SES.

Results

Children in families that reported a greater impact of the economic crisis showed higher consumption of unhealthy food items and lower consumption of healthy foods, regardless of SES. Indirectly, children whose parents scored higher in the economic crisis impact had higher BMI mediated by a higher consumption of cakes/chocolates and lower intake of vegetables/salads.

Conclusions

The economic crisis was associated with higher BMI and unhealthy eating patterns. Efforts to promote healthy diets and weight are needed at a population level rather than for specific social classes, particularly in the face of a new economic crisis caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Effect of malaxing time and temperature on rheological properties of 'Hass' avocado pulp and oil yield during oil extraction
Authors: Yang Shuo , Hallett Ian , Oh Hyunah Eustina , Woolf Allan B. , Wong Marie
Published: October 2021

'Hass' is the main avocado cultivar grown worldwide. The extraction yield of avocado oil is dependent on pre‐ and postharvest factors as well as processing and extraction conditions. During a cold extraction process, avocado flesh is ground and then slow mixed or malaxed (≤50°C) to release oil from cells, and to aggregate and coalesce the oil droplets. The influence of malaxing conditions, including time and temperature, on oil yield, changes to cell integrity and oil aggregation in 'Hass' avocado fruit pulp was investigated with electrical impedance spectroscopy, electrical conductivity, light microscopy, and rheological measurements at different times during the avocado harvest season. Cell integrity, measured by electrical resistance and conductivity values, did not change with increasing malaxing temperature, which indicated that malaxing temperature did not assist cellular disruption or oil release during malaxing. Malaxing time and temperature reduced the viscosity, increased the mobility of oil droplets, and reduced the storage modulus (G′) of the pulp tissue. The longer time and higher temperatures during malaxing resulted in more oil droplets coalescing leading to increased aggregation to form larger droplets which were easier to separate during centrifugation. The oil yield increased by ≈130% as the malaxing temperature increased from 30 to 50°C, but the actual yield was also influenced by time of harvest during the season.