bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Methylene Blue onto a Low-Cost And Environmental Friendly Goethite
Authors: Kharisma D , Abidin Z , Kusmana C
Published: December 2019

The commercial adsorbent has been widely used for dye removal, but it is non-economical. The objective of this study is to synthesize a low-cost and environmental friendly goethite as an adsorbent for methylene blue removal from aqueous solution using a batch-adsorption technique. Goethite was synthesized by adding sodium hydroxide to iron salt and aging at 40 °C for 7 and 21 days, then characterized by Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the optimum concentration of adsorbed methylene blue was 300 mg/L with an adsorption capacity of 82.81 and 75.8 mg/g for GPA7 and GT7, respectively. The equilibrium data fit the Langmuir isotherm model with correlation efficient higher than 0,99. Based on cost analysis, GT7 was the cheapest adsorbent, compared to GPA7 and commercial goethite.
The effect of distance of noise level in a residential area (case study: residential area that close to Jagorawi highway and Pandu Raya road in Bogor City)
Authors: Widasari D , Fatimah I S , Nasrullah N
Published: December 2019

Bogor city is a city that continues to experience in population growth and physical city development, where the development creates various kinds of problems, which one is noise. This study aim to measure the noise level and analyse the influence of noise level and house distance from noise sources. Data retrieval was collected for three days a week. In one day, noise measurement was carried out for 16 hours (06.00 – 22.00) by measuring the sound pressure level for 10 minutes for each 27 measurement points. The results showed that the noise level in weekdays higher than weekend, with averaged 87.25 dB. In accordance with standard, the noise level of residential area is 55 dB, it means the noise level is above the noise threshold. Based on the regression analysis, the R square of housing is 0.76, the linear equation is Y = 77.656 – 6.292x. The study concluded that the distance affects the value of noise, the closer to the noise source the greater the noise value.
Ambient concentration of soil heavy metals in Indonesian tertiary and quaternary geologic formations: an explorative study
Authors: Iskandar  , Darmawan  , Sudadi U , Mulyanto Budi
Published: December 2019

In natural conditions, heavy metals in soils are inherited from rocks and minerals weathering. This study aims to determine the ambient concentration of heavy metals in soils developed from several rock types from tertiary and quaternary geological formations and their relationships. Composite soil samples were taken at 0-30 cm depth in sites far away from anthropogenic contamination of heavy metals, roads, and lands where solid and liquid wastes were probably discharged. Total concentrations of Aqua Regia extracted soil Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined by AAS. Soil mineral types and amount in sand fraction were determined by polarization microscopy. The overall ambient total concentrations of soil Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in mg.kg−1 were 2.0-19.7; 0.4-5.3; 1.1-73.3; 0.9-30.5; 17.8-62.9; and 8.1-419.5, respectively. The relationship between soil minerals and ambient concentrations of these metals was unclear. However, among the soil samples analysed, high concentrations in mg.kg−1 of Cd (10.5-19.7) were found in soils developed from clay and sand sedimentary and intermediary volcanic tuff rocks, Ni (15.0-30.5) in soils on andesitic-basaltic and volcanic tuff rocks, Pb (57.4-62.9) in soils on granitic rocks, and Zn (119.6-419.5) in soils on andesitic-basaltic rocks, while for Cr and Cu was spread evenly across all parent rock types.
Sustainability of garlic cultivation at Tegal Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Mar’atusholikha V , Widiatmaka  , Firmansyah I
Published: December 2019

Indonesia is an agricultural country that produces any agricultural product. Garlic is one of the horticulture products that are currently cultivated vastly. According to the national garlic development plan by the Ministry of the Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, the way to obtain self-sufficiency in garlic is developing seed centers and import arrangements. The objective of this research is to analyze the sustainability of garlic farming and to determine the leverages factors for garlic development. The study was conducted in Tegal, which is one of the central of Garlic Development in Central Java Province. The methodology used is analysis using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). There are 43 attributes of 5 dimensions involved in the study, which are ecology, economic, social, infrastructure, and legal-institutional aspect. The result of the research showed that Garlic cultivation has a status as sustainable, with a sustainability index value of 66.44. The leverage factors that affect garlic development are pesticide use, waste management, planting plan, consumption level, productivity, labor efficiency scheme, land management, community empowerment, agriculture extension, storage technology, access to technology, marketing institution, and implementation of land conversion regulations.
The peak runoff model based on Existing Land Use and Masterplan in Sentul City area, Bogor
Authors: Suheri A , Kusmana C , Purwanto M Y J , Setiawan Y
Published: December 2019

This research aimed to create a peak runoff mode based on existing land use (LU) and masterplan in Sentul City area. To determine the peak runoff by rational method, the study uses the formulation as follows: Q = 0.2778.C.I.A, in which Q is the peak runoff, C is the runoff coefficient of area, I is the average rain rate intensity, and A is the area of study. For recognizing the existing LU, the researcher used image analysis SPOT-6 (2017) by supervised classification. It estimated the gamma distribution parameter through the maximum likelihood method by using software QGIS 2.8, SAGA GIS, dan Arc-GIS 10.4.1. According to the analysis, the study result showed the existing LU peak runoff coefficient value and masterplan are 0.40 and 0.61, respectively, in which the difference is 0.21. The peak runoff increase is 25.32 m3/sec or 6,622,560 m3/year as the impact of land-use change.
The Development of Households Sanitation in Indonesia: the Year of 2010-2018
Authors: Munandar Y
Published: December 2019

This study aims to find out how the development of household sanitation in Indonesia from 2010 to 2018. This study uses a descriptive analysis method using secondary data in the form of 2010 and 2018 SUSENAS compiled by BPS Indonesia and processed using Stata 2014 software. The development of household sanitation is proxied by the development of defecation facilities in households in Indonesia in 2010-2018. The result of the study is that the development of sanitation in Indonesia in the period of 2010-2018 is improving. This study concludes that the development of household sanitation in Indonesia from 2010 to 2018 is improving. This study recommends that the government strengthen its efforts in improving sanitation in Indonesia because in 2018 there are still 6,985,572 households that do not have defecation facilities so that they do open defecation which has a bad impact on environmental health.
Morphological diversity of F1 population in Anthurium through conventional breeding
Authors: Kurniati R , Yuniarto K , Kartikaningrum S
Published: December 2019

Anthurium genetic variability enhanced through conventional breeding. The objectives of the research were to obtain (1) morphology variation of the F1 population, and (2) selected clones from F1 population-based on morphology flower. Anthurium CV. Putri Gunung and Alvin were used as breeding parents. Anthurium CV. Putri Gunung as female parents and Alvin as male parents. The specific character of anthurium CV. Putri Gunung is potted anthurium with a red spathe. The color of anthurium cv. Alvin is white. Anthurium cv Alvin is also potted anthurium. There were 18 individual plants and 3 selected clones based on the color and size of flower in the F1 population. The F1 population was potted plant divided into categories, small and mini flower based on spathe size. There was some variation in spathe and spadix. Morphological variation based on the color of spathe and spadix and size of the flower.
Diversity of fauna as one of indicator of forest management in Tahura Wan Abdul Rachman
Authors: Dewi B S , Harianto S P , Febryano I G , Rahmawati D I , Dewara N , Tokita N , Koike S
Published: December 2019

Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman (Tahura WAR) is located at Lampung Province, Indonesia. University of Lampung as the state university has mandatory around 1.134 hectare to manage from Tahura WAR as Forest Education. Research has been done in this area. The purpose of the research is identifying biodiversity of fauna in Forest Education of University of Lampung at Tahura WAR. The research has been done from March to May 2018 (dry season) and October to December 2018 (rainy season). Each month collected data was consisted of six days observation. The method of the research is using traps, it is to lay the traps on the surface of soil by plastic bucket, with 72 traps at different location that separated by study site. The research result were found big black ants, small black ants, mosquitoes, millipedes, crickets, spiders, termites, snails, glomerides, small red ants, big red ants, frogs, small scorpion, caterpillar and dung beetle. Diversity Index of Shannon Wienner classified Tahura WAR as moderate which indicate the forest has good maintain as the aspect of ecology and the aspect of sustained of forest.
The effect of fish aquaculture on water quality in Lake Cilala, Bogor Regency
Authors: Wisnu R P , Karuniasa M , Moersidik S S
Published: December 2019

Fish aquaculture using floating net cages is a common way to utilize water body, which often caused water pollution. Lake Cilala is a lake with high trophic level in Bogor Regency, West Java, that used for fish farming activities. Historically, eutrophication events that have occurred at Lake Cilala made this research interesting to see the effect of fisheries activities on water quality. This research analyses pH, phosphate, nitrate, and BOD and their effect on water quality, with criterion is based on Indonesia Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 (Class II). Water sampling is conducted using a grab sampling method at the lake and then tested in a laboratory. Analysis of the effect of the parameters tested on water quality was carried out by a literature study. Results indicate that water quality is in poor condition due to fish aquaculture activities. The concentration of nitrate and BOD were found to be 4,21 mg/L and 8,20 mg/L, which determined the pollution of Lake Cilala. Without any proper management, these pollutants can increase to a certain level, causing more troubles like eutrophication. The right strategy needed in managing fish aquaculture using floating net cages to maintain the water quality of Lake Cilala.
Increase in cleaner production environment in the fish processing industry through work motivation and fisherman women’s leadership
Authors: Sipahutar Y H , Rahmayanti H , Achmad R , Ramli H K , Suryanto M R , Pratama R B
Published: December 2019

This research aims to know the increase of cleaner production environment in the fish processing industry through work motivation and leadership of women fishermen in the Tangerang Regency. A survey method is employed using a path analysis technique, whereas the sampling technique used is proportional random sampling. Samples are obtained from primary data. The results show that: work motivation has a partial significant influence on the increase of cleaner production environment in the fish processing industry; which indicates an increase in work motivation will lead to an increase in the cleaner production environment in the fish processing industry. Secondly, the leadership of women fishermen has a partial significant influence on the increase in the cleaner production environment in the fish processing industry. Third of all, both work motivation and leadership of women fishermen simultaneously have a significant effect on increasing the cleaner production environment in the fish processing industry, indicating a variable increase in the cleaner production environment in the fish processing industry which 55,8% can be accounted for by work motivation and leadership. The path analysis coefficient shows that work motivation has a significant effect on the increase in the cleaner production environment in the fish processing industry, whether directly or indirectly.
Improvement of numerical weather prediction of heavy rain event using radar data assimilation using rapid update cycle method in Jabodetabek Region
Authors: Santi N V , Paski J A I , Mulsandi A
Published: December 2019

Predictions of accurate heavy rain are needed in building a flood early warning system. One of the most commonly used weather parameter modeling models is the Weather Research Forecasting, but the results of the WRF model prediction have deficiencies inaccuracy so that data assimilation needs to be done to improve accuracy. This research aims to determine the effect of radar data assimilation by applying RUC using WRF 3DVAR to improve the predictions of heavy rain events in the Jabodetabek area with cases representing each of the four seasons, on February 20, 2017, April 3, 2017, June 13, 2017, and November 09, 2017. The data used for this research are synoptic observation data, GSMaP, GFS, Radar data, in the form of Z CAPPI products. In general, WRF radar data assimilation with RUC shows better spatial and point values. This can be seen in the spatial rainfall distribution on February 20th, 2017, June 13th, 2017, and November 09th, 2017 analysis on Climatology Station of PondokBetung, as well as the analysis of rain dichotomy, shows WRF assimilation using RUC with a TS value increased by 9%, PC value increased by 10%, and FAR value fixed by 18%.
Chemical composition of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivated from intensive farming and traditional farming at Bulukumba regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Sipahutar Y H , Ramli H K , Kristiani M G E , Guntur Prabowo D H , Suryanto M R , Pratama R B
Published: December 2019

The aim of this research was to study the effect of intensive and traditional farming on the chemical composition of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeusvannamei) during storage till up to 8 days. The study on intensive and traditional farming were done at MariorennuVillage, Gantarang Subdistrict and at Manjalling Village, Ujung Loe Subdistrict, respectively, Bulukumba Regency, as well as at the Research and Development Center of Fishery Products of Makassar, South Sulawesi, the Province of South Sulawesi. The research design was conducted by a randomized complete block design with a storage treatment of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. The parameters studied are water content, ash, lipid, and protein content, as well as total volatile base (TVB), trimethylamine (TMA), pH, and free fatty acids (FFA). Whiteleg shrimps from intensive farming and traditional farming were stored in a coolbox containing with 2: 1 ratio of ice and shrimp, respectively. The addition of ice was carried out every day for 8 days storage, and chemical analysis was condcuted at intervals of 2 days. Chemical testings was carried out based on the SNI method. Samples were measured as much as 10-15g and then chemically tested reffer to the method in SNI. The results for both intensive and traditional farming of whiteleg shrimp showed that storage time had a significant influence on the following parameters i.e. TVB, pH, FFA, water content, and protein content. No significant effect was found for following parameters, namely TMA, ash and fat content.
Habitat partitioning in native Geranium species through reproductive interference
Authors: Nishida Sachiko , Takakura Koh-Ichi , Naiki Akiyo , Nishida Takayoshi
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims

Heterospecific pollen transfer may reduce the fitness of recipient species, a phenomenon known as reproductive interference. A theoretical study has predicted that distributions of species pairs affected by reproductive interference may be syntopic under negligible reproductive interference, sympatric but with partitioning at small spatial scale (i.e. allotopic) under weak interference, or exclusive when reproductive interference is strong. Verifying these predictions is essential for evaluation of the applicability of reproductive interference as a general assembly rule of biological communities. The aim of this study was to test these predictions in two sympatrically distributed wild Geranium species, G. thunbergii and G. wilfordii.

Methods

To measure the effect of reproductive interference, the associations between the relative abundance of the counterpart species and seed set in the focal species, and seed set reduction following mixed pollination, were analysed. The possibility of hybridization with viable offspring was examined by genotyping plants in the field and after mixed pollination. Fertility of putative hybrids was based on their seed set and the proportion of pollen grains with apertural protrusions. A transect study was conducted to examine spatial partitioning, and possible influences of environmental conditions (canopy openness and soil moisture content) on partitioning between the species were analysed.

Key Results

Neither abundance of the counterpart species nor heterospecific pollen deposition significantly affected seed set in the focal species, and hybridization between species was almost symmetrical. Putative hybrids had low fertility. The two species were exclusively distributed at small scale, although environmental conditions were not significantly different between them.

Conclusions

The allotopy of the two species may be maintained by relatively weak reproductive interference through bidirectional hybridization. Re-evaluation of hybridization may allow ongoing or past reproductive interference to be recognized and provide insight into the distributional relationships between the interacting plants.
International Publishing as A Networked Activity: Collegial Support for Chinese Scientists
Authors: Luo N A , Hyland Ken
Published: December 2019

Writing for international publication is a daunting prospect for all scholars but is particularly difficult for those off-network academics writing in an additional language. With little institutional support, they may solicit help from colleagues and other text mediators who do not share authorship. In this article, we investigate the experiences of 31 Chinese scientists seeking to publish in English, following their writing practices and use of discursive support by colleagues. We found that colleagues, although a valuable resource, were at best part of the solution. Many also turned to noncolleague text mediators, but with only limited success. Our study points to the need that institutions in non-Anglophone settings may need to sponsor systematic support to their scholars striving for international publication.
Theoretical Perspectives of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Conceptual Evolution in a Social–Ecological Research Project
Authors: Pickett Steward T A , Cadenasso Mary L , Baker Matthew E , Band Lawrence E , Boone Christopher G , Buckley Geoffrey L , Groffman Peter M , Grove J Morgan , Irwin Elena G , Kaushal Sujay S , LaDeau Shannon L , Miller Andrew J , Nilon Charles H , Romolini Michele , Rosi Emma J , Swan Christopher M , Szlavecz Katalin
Published: December 2019

The Earth's population will become more than 80% urban during this century. This threshold is often regarded as sufficient justification for pursuing urban ecology. However, pursuit has primarily focused on building empirical richness, and urban ecology theory is rarely discussed. The Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) has been grounded in theory since its inception and its two decades of data collection have stimulated progress toward comprehensive urban theory. Emerging urban ecology theory integrates biology, physical sciences, social sciences, and urban design, probes interdisciplinary frontiers while being founded on textbook disciplinary theories, and accommodates surprising empirical results. Theoretical growth in urban ecology has relied on refined frameworks, increased disciplinary scope, and longevity of interdisciplinary interactions. We describe the theories used by BES initially, and trace ongoing theoretical development that increasingly reflects the hybrid biological–physical–social nature of the Baltimore ecosystem. The specific mix of theories used in Baltimore likely will require modification when applied to other urban areas, but the developmental process, and the key results, will continue to benefit other urban social–ecological research projects.
An update on the Symbiotic Genomes Database (SymGenDB): a collection of metadata, genomic, genetic and protein sequences, orthologs and metabolic networks of symbiotic organisms
Authors: Reyes-Prieto Mariana , Vargas-Chávez Carlos , Llabrés Mercè , Palmer Pere , Latorre Amparo , Moya Andrés
Published: December 2019

The Symbiotic Genomes Database (SymGenDB; http://symbiogenomesdb.uv.es/) is a public resource of manually curated associations between organisms involved in symbiotic relationships, maintaining a catalog of completely sequenced/finished bacterial genomes exclusively. It originally consisted of three modules where users could search for the bacteria involved in a specific symbiotic relationship, their genomes and their genes (including their orthologs). In this update, we present an additional module that includes a representation of the metabolic network of each organism included in the database, as Directed Acyclic Graphs (MetaDAGs). This module provides unique opportunities to explore the metabolism of each individual organism and/or to evaluate the shared and joint metabolic capabilities of the organisms of the same genera included in our listing, allowing users to construct predictive analyses of metabolic associations and complementation between systems. We also report a ~25% increase in manually curated content in the database, i.e. bacterial genomes and their associations, with a final count of 2328 bacterial genomes associated to 498 hosts. We describe new querying possibilities for all the modules, as well as new display features for the MetaDAGs module, providing a relevant range of content and utility. This update continues to improve SymGenDB and can help elucidate the mechanisms by which organisms depend on each other.
Heart failure in dilated non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Seferović Petar M , Polovina Marija M , Coats Andrew J S
Published: December 2019

Heart failure (HF) is the prevailing cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with dilated non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and DCM is one of several causes of HF, with several distinct epidemiological and clinical features which may have important implications for its management and prognosis. This article reviews cardiovascular monitoring of specific characteristics of HF in DCM. DCM is defined as ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction in the absence of abnormal loading conditions or significant coronary artery disease, the predominant phenotypes of being HFmrEF or HFrEF. DCM accounts for ∼40% of all cardiomyopathies but its true prevalence among patients with HFrEF is difficult to ascertain with certainty.

Compared with patients with other HF aetiologies, individuals with DCM tend to be younger, more likely male and less likely to have associated comorbidities. A genetic aetiology of DCM is deemed responsible for ∼40% of cases. Confirmation of a specific genetic background is clinically relevant (e.g. Duchene or Backer muscular dystrophies, lamin A/C mutation), because those patients may be at a high risk of progressive left ventricular dysfunction or conduction system disease and sudden death, prompting early prophylaxis with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. However, in most instances, HF in DCM has a multifactorial aetiology, with multiple factors needing to be systematically evaluated and/or monitored, since correction of reversible causes or (e.g. tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, alcohol intoxication, iron-overload, cancer therapies etc.) or targeting specific pathophysiological causes could lead to an improvement in clinical status.

The treatment of DCM encompasses HF-related pharmacological and device therapies, and aetiology-specific treatments. At present, options for aetiology-related therapies are limited, and their effectiveness mostly requires confirmation from larger scale randomized trials. Whether outcomes of patients with HF in DCM differ from those with other HF aetiologies is unresolved. DCM is attributable for >40% of patients receiving mechanical circulatory support for advanced HF and it is the leading indication for heart transplantation. More aetiology-specific information is needed both in the evaluation and treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Renal function, electrolytes, and congestion monitoring in heart failure
Authors: Rossignol Patrick , Coats Andrew Js , Chioncel Ovidiu , Spoletini Ilaria , Rosano Giuseppe
Published: December 2019

Congestion, renal function, and electrolyte imbalance (particularly potassium) are common problems in the management of the complex multi-morbid patient with heart failure (HF). Poor control of these fundamental clinical features is associated with adverse outcomes. Close monitoring of serum potassium and renal function is recommended by most current guidelines during the management of an episode of acute decompensated HF, yet the recommendations remain poorly implemented. Physicians are advised to treat a state of euvolaemia after an admission with decompensated HF and residual congestion is a marker of worse outcome, yet control of congestion is poorly assessed and managed in real-world practice. This document reflects the key points discussed by a panel of experts during a Heart Failure Association meeting on physiological monitoring of the complex multi-morbid HF patient, and here, we present to aspects related to renal function, electrolyte, and congestion monitoring.
Good Scholarship/Bad Scholarship: Consequences of the Heuristic of Intersectional Islamic Studies
Authors: Siddiqui Sohaira
Published: December 2019

In her article, “Islamic Legal Studies: A Critical Historiography,” published in The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Law, Ayesha Chaudhry criticizes the field of Islamic law, and Islamic studies more broadly, for promoting two hegemonic methodologies: White Supremacist Islamic Studies and Patriarchal Islamic Studies. She argues that these modes of scholarship perpetuate patriarchy, decenter Muslim narratives, privilege precolonial texts, and create barriers to entry into academia. Her resolution is a new form of Islamic studies—Intersectional Islamic Studies—which seeks to recenter Muslim narratives, is committed to social justice, and exposes the problematic power structures within academic inquiry. Chaudhry argues that scholarship produced using the first two methods is “bad scholarship,” whereas scholarship produced using the third method is “good scholarship.” In this article, I problematize the dichotomy between “good” and “bad” scholarship and argue that Chaudhry’s methodology is restrictive, hegemonic, and detrimental to meaningful scholarly engagement.
Development of a subcutaneous ear implant to deliver an anaplasmosis vaccine to dairy steers
Authors: Curtis Andrew K , Reif Kathryn E , Kleinhenz Michael D , Martin Miriam S , Skinner Brandt , Kelly Sean M , Jones Douglas E , Schaut Robert G , Reppert Emily J , Montgomery Shawnee R , Narasimhan Balaji , Anantatat Tippawan , Jaberi-Douraki Majid , Coetzee Johann F
Published: December 2019

Bovine anaplasmosis is the most prevalent tick-transmitted disease of cattle worldwide and a major obstacle to profitable beef production. Use of chlortetracycline-medicated feed to control active anaplasmosis infections during the vector season has raised concerns about the potential emergence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria that may pose a risk to human health. Furthermore, the absence of effectiveness data for a commercially available, conditionally licensed anaplasmosis vaccine is a major impediment to implementing anaplasmosis control programs. The primary objective of this study was to develop a single-dose vaccine delivery platform to produce long-lasting protective immunity against anaplasmosis infections. Twelve Holstein steers, aged 11 to 12 wk, were administered a novel 3-stage, single-dose vaccine against Anaplasma marginale, a major surface protein 1a. The vaccine consisted of a soluble vaccine administered subcutaneously (s.c.) for immune priming, a vaccine depot of a biodegradable polyanhydride rod with intermediate slow release of the vaccine for boosting immune response, and an immune-isolated vaccine platform for extended antigen release (VPEAR implant) deposited s.c. in the ear. Six calves were randomly assigned to 2 vaccine constructs (n = 3) that featured rods and implants containing a combination of 2 different adjuvants, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Dextran and Quil-A (Group A). The remaining 6 calves were randomly assigned to 2 vaccine constructs (n = 3) that featured rods and implants containing the same adjuvant (either DEAE-Dextran or Quil A) (Group B). Twenty-one months post-implantation, calves were challenged intravenously with A. marginale stabilate and were monitored weekly for signs of fever, decreased packed cell volume (PCV) and bacteremia. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects model and chi-squared tests (SAS v9.04.01, SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Calves in Group A had higher PCV than calves in Group B (P = 0.006) at day 35 post-infection. Calves in Group A were less likely to require antibiotic intervention compared with calves in Group B (P = 0.014). Results indicate that calves exhibited diminished clinical signs of anaplasmosis when antigen was delivered with a combination of adjuvants as opposed to a single adjuvant. This demonstrates the feasibility of providing long-lasting protection against clinical bovine anaplasmosis infections using a subcutaneous ear implant vaccine construct.
Exploring Dentist Opinions on the Provision of Intravenous Sedation in Primary Dental Care for UK Armed Forces Personnel
Authors: Edwards Dave , Ramsey Richard , Breeze John , Dermont Mark
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Anxiety toward dental treatment can lead to preventable morbidity, most notably oral pain and infection. This is of concern to the UK Armed Forces (UK AF), as dental care may not be immediately accessible during deployments and exercises, necessitating aeromedical evacuation. Current Defence Policy states that serving UK AF personnel requiring sedation to tolerate routine dental treatment are to have their Joint Medical Employment Standard (JMES) reviewed to restrict their deployability and employability. This article explores current sedation delivery, dentist opinion, and adherence to policy. Materials and Methods: The total number and type of intravenous (IV) sedation appointments over a 6-month period was assessed using surgical logbooks. Questionnaires were sent to all dentists in primary care responsible for treating military patients to ascertain their attitudes toward the requirement for sedation in support of recruitment and deployability. Ten-year retrospective data analyses were used to identify current trends in sedation use in the UK AF. Results: Responses were received from 117/137 (85%) dentists. All of the responding Civilian Dental Practitioners felt that there was a requirement for IV sedation in contrast to the Royal Navy (RN), where over a quarter (28%) disagreed. The majority, 48 (81%), of Army dentists felt that military patients unable to tolerate routine treatment under local anesthesia alone should not deploy on operations, compared with 7 (63%) of their civilian counterparts. Overall, 72 (62%) respondents felt that patients unable to tolerate routine treatment without sedation should not be recruited. Conclusions: Civilian Dental Practitioners in the sample indicated that they were less likely to recommend a patient for JMES review, less likely to prevent patients from deploying and less likely to believe that individuals requiring sedation for routine treatment should not be recruited into the UK AF. These attitudes are contrary to current Defence direction and could increase the risk of UK AF personnel experiencing morbidity on deployment requiring aeromedical evacuation. Over the longer term, civilianization of Defence dentistry is likely to reduce collective operational experience and Defence must ensure that clinicians understand the management of anxious patients in the military context and their responsibilities in relation to JMES. Furthermore, policy limiting the recruitment of personnel with significant dental anxiety is not being robustly adhered to. Based on the number of dental procedures undertaken under IV sedation in the UK AF, consistent application of this policy would not affect recruitment at an organizational level, but would limit the risk of deploying these personnel. Further work is required to understand dental anxiety within the UK Armed Forces so that the operational morbidity risks can be quantified and provision appropriately planned.
Multicenter Cohort of Patients With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Receiving Daptomycin Plus Ceftaroline Compared With Other MRSA Treatments
Authors: McCreary Erin K , Kullar Ravina , Geriak Matthew , Zasowski Evan J , Rizvi Khulood , Schulz Lucas T , Ouellette Krista , Vasina Logan , Haddad Fadi , Rybak Michael J , Zervos Marcus J , Sakoulas George , Rose Warren E
Published: December 2019

Background

Daptomycin and ceftaroline (DAP-CPT) have been used for persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (MRSAB), but have rarely been compared with other therapies. This study provides an exploratory analysis of patients placed on DAP-CPT vs standard of care (SOC) for MRSAB.

Methods

This is a retrospective, matched cohort study MRSAB patients at 4 hospitals in the United States. Patients receiving DAP-CPT for ≥72 hours at any point in therapy were matched 2:1 when possible, 1:1 otherwise, to SOC, first by infection source, then age and renal function. SOC was empiric treatment with vancomycin or daptomycin and any subsequent combination antibiotic(s), except for DAP-CPT.

Results

Fifty-eight patients received DAP-CPT with 113 matched SOC. Ninety-six percent of SOC received vancomycin, and 56% (63/113) escalated therapy at least once in the treatment course. Twenty-four patients received DAP-CPT within 72 hours of index culture; 2 (8.3%) died within 30 days vs 14.2% (16/113) with SOC (P > .05). Subgroup analysis identified numerically lower mortality in DAP-CPT patients with a Charlson comorbidity index ≥3, endovascular source, and receipt of DAP-CPT within 72 hours of index culture. The median MRSAB duration was 9.3 vs 4.8 days for DAP-CPT and SOC, respectively. DAP-CPT was initiated on day 6 on average; after receipt of DAP-CPT, MRSAB duration was 3.3 days.

Conclusions

DAP-CPT treatment is often delayed in MRSAB. Combination therapy may be more beneficial if initiated earlier, particularly in patients at higher risk for mortality. Blinded, randomized, prospective studies are needed to eliminate selection bias inherent in retrospective analyses when examining DAP-CPT vs SOC.
The sex-based disparity in BMI-for-age z-score trends among Xinjiang children and adolescents using four rounds of cross-sectional surveys from 1985 to 2014
Authors: Zhang Feng , Bi Cunjian , Yang Junmin , Zhang Xiaojun , Song Yi , Liu Yang , Cai Xiaodi
Published: December 2019

Background

This study aimed to evaluate trends in body mass index (BMI)-for-age z-scores among children and adolescents in Xinjiang.

Methods

Data were obtained for children and adolescents aged 7–18 years in Xinjiang from the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) in 1985 (n = 14 683), 1995 (n = 7198), 2005 (n = 10 253) and 2014 (n = 18 521).

Results

The BMI-for-age z-score distribution of children and adolescents in Xinjiang showed an increased mean BMI-for-age z-score, dispersion and right-skewed of BMI-values, with a rapid increase in BMI with increasing BMI percentiles. The sex-based disparity in BMI-for-age z-scores became wider in the past 30 years.

Conclusions

Sex-based targeted public health measures and policies are urgently needed in Xinjiang. The rapid increases in the upper percentiles also implicated further efforts to prevent weight gain in those living already with overweight or obesity.
Sleep–wake rhythm disruption is associated with cancer-related fatigue in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Steur Lindsay M H , Kaspers Gertjan J L , Van Someren Eus J W , Van Eijkelenburg Natasha K A , Van der Sluis Inge M , Dors Natasja , Van den Bos Cor , Tissing Wim J E , Grootenhuis Martha A , Van Litsenburg Raphaële R L
Published: December 2019

Study Objectives

To compare sleep–wake rhythms, melatonin, and cancer-related fatigue in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to healthy children and to assess the association between sleep–wake outcomes and cancer-related fatigue.

Methods

A national cohort of ALL patients (2–18 years) was included. Sleep–wake rhythms were measured using actigraphy and generated the following variables: Interdaily stability (IS): higher IS reflects higher stability; intradaily variability (IV): lower IV indicates less fragmentation; L5 and M10 counts: activity counts during the five least and 10 most active hours, respectively; and relative amplitude (RA): the ratio of L5 and M10 counts (higher RA reflects a more robust rhythm). The melatonin metabolite, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), was assessed in urine. Cancer-related fatigue was assessed with the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale. Using regression models sleep–wake rhythms, aMT6s, and cancer-related fatigue were compared to healthy children and associations between sleep–wake outcomes and cancer-related fatigue were assessed in ALL patients.

Results

In total, 126 patients participated (response rate: 67%). IS, RA, and M10 counts were lower in patients compared to healthy children (p < 0.001). aMT6s levels were comparable to healthy children (p = 0.425). Patients with ALL were more fatigued compared to healthy children (p < 0.001). Lower IS, RA and M10 counts and higher IV were significantly associated with more parent-reported cancer-related fatigue. Associations between sleep–wake rhythms and self-reported cancer-related fatigue were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Sleep–wake rhythm impairment is associated with more cancer-related fatigue in pediatric ALL patients. Interventions aimed to improve sleep hygiene and encourage physical activity may reduce cancer-related fatigue.
Burden of care in families of patients with early onset scoliosis
Authors: Campbell Megan , Matsumoto Hiroko , St. Hilaire Tricia , Roye Benjamin D. , Roye David P. , Vitale Michael G.
Published: December 2019

Early onset scoliosis is a complex manifestation of a heterogenous group of disorders, often necessitating multiple medical and surgical interventions to address the spinal deformity and its accompanying comorbidities. Current literature documents decreases in the health-related quality of life of these patients; however, there is a distinct lack of published data examining the burden on their caregivers. The purpose of this study is to compare burden on caregivers of children with early onset scoliosis and those on caregivers of age-matched healthy peers. A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted by querying a national registry for patients with early onset scoliosis diagnosed before 10 years old whose caregivers completed the caregiver burden (CB) and financial burden (FB) domains of the Early Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire (EOSQ-24) before their treatment. Scores were compared by etiology and planned treatment. The study identified 503 patients categorized by etiology and eventual treatment type. Overall, FB and CB scores for patients with early onset scoliosis were ≥10% worse than those of their age-matched peers, greater than the minimal clinically important difference for the EOSQ-24 (P < 0.001). Non-idiopathic patients’ scores were ≥16% worse than age-matched peers regardless of future treatment (P < 0.001), while scores for idiopathic patients were varied. Idiopathic patients who went on to be observed had similar scores to national norms, but those who were managed either non-operatively (14% worse FB, 7% worse CB; P < 0.001) or operatively (25% worse FB, 27% worse CB; P > 0.05) had caregivers who reported greater burdens compared to those of healthy peers. This study suggests burdens on caregivers of patients with early onset scoliosis of nearly all etiologies are greater than those imposed on caregivers of healthy children, even before the additional stress of treatment is imposed. Level of evidence: II.
Outcomes of knee arthrodesis in proximal femoral focal deficiency
Authors: Westberry David E. , Carpenter Ashley M. , Lee Megan
Published: December 2019

Treatment options for patients with severe forms of proximal femoral focal deficiency include limb salvage procedures or foot ablation and use of a prosthesis. In patients with amputation, an ipsilateral knee arthrodesis can provide an efficient lever arm that is easy to contain in a prosthetic socket. We performed a retrospective review of proximal femoral focal deficiency patients treated at a single institution with knee arthrodesis. From 1986 to 2018, 26 patients (18 males, eight females) met study inclusion criteria (mean follow-up 13.2 years). Aitken C or D deformities were present in 65% of extremities. Ten patients had concomitant knee fusion with foot ablation (mean age 4.3 years). Fifteen patients had staged procedures with initial foot ablation (mean age 1.3 years) followed by a knee arthrodesis (mean age 4.7 years). One patient was managed with knee arthrodesis and retention of a three-ray foot. Subsequent realignment osteotomies were required in six patients to correct progressive malalignment with growth, often due to retained physis or incomplete physeal resection during the arthrodesis. In severe forms of proximal femoral focal deficiency, a straight residual limb can be achieved with foot ablation and knee arthrodesis to improve weight-bearing alignment in an above knee prosthesis. Progressive deformity, which may interfere with prosthetic fitting and require repeat osteotomy, may occur if complete excision of the physis is not achieved.
A New Single Volar Approach for Both-Bone Fractures of the Forearm: The Mediolateral Windows Approach Extended
Authors: Procaccini Roberto , Martiniani Monia , Farinelli Luca , Luciani Pierfrancesco , Specchia Nicola , Gigante Antonio
Published: December 2019

Fractures of the forearm are common injuries in adults. Particularly, both-bone fractures of the radius and ulna are frequently encountered by orthopedic surgeons. To date, these fractures are typically treated with open reduction and internal fixation, because of the propensity for malunion of the radius and ulna and the resulting loss of forearm rotation. We propose a modification of the classic double approach for both-bone fractures of the distal radius and ulna. Indeed, we described a minimal and anatomic approach to prevent complications such as the heterotopic ossification of the interosseus membrane and vascular-nervous lesions. By a single anterior incision, we utilize 2 windows to expose the medial and lateral compartments of the forearm. In this way, we avoid the handling of the interosseous membrane, and we protect the ulnar, median, and radial nerves from the surgical approach. This technique is indicated for complex distal radius and ulna fractures. We exclude open fractures, and Monteggia, Galeazzi, or Essex-Lopresti lesions. In this report, we describe the surgical anatomy, surgical approach, and complications regarding this approach.
Promoting Emotional Well-being in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents With Virtual Reality
Authors: Flujas-Contreras Juan M. , Ruiz-Castañeda Dyanne , Gómez Inmaculada
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to describe and compare small-sized preliminary data on the usability and acceptability of a randomized controlled trial. This study compares a one-to-one cognitive-behavioral treatment and a virtual reality treatment for children and adolescents hospitalized for long-term physical conditions. The final sample was composed of 19 children and adolescents with chronic illness who were hospitalized. The sample was randomly allocated to two intervention groups: cognitive-behavioral usual treatment and virtual reality–based treatment. Participants in the virtual reality group demonstrated higher perceived efficacy scores for every treatment component than for traditional treatment. Statistically significant differences were found for the total usability and acceptability scores. Participants in the virtual reality group show high acceptability of all the virtual environments. The components and environments of virtual reality were well accepted. The virtual reality program received high scores in immersion, feasibility of use, and sense of reality. Technology-based treatments, that is, virtual reality, can provide motivational benefits in relation to traditional treatments.
What lessons it might teach us? Community engagement in HIV research
Authors: Karris Maile Y. , Dubé Karine , Moore Alison A.
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review

Partnerships between academia and the community led to historic advances in HIV and paved the way for ongoing community engagement in research. Three decades later, we review the state of community engagement in HIV research, discuss best practices as supported by literature, explore innovations, and identify ongoing gaps in knowledge.

Recent findings

The community of people living with and at risk for HIV remains actively involved in the performance of HIV research. However, the extent of participation is highly variable despite long standing and established principles and guidelines of good participatory practices (GPP) and community-based participatory research (CBPR). Current literature reveals that known barriers to successful community engagement continue to exist such as power differences, and poor scientific or cultural competency literacy. Several high-quality studies share their experiences overcoming these barriers and demonstrate the potential of CBPR through reporting of qualitative and quantitative outcomes.

Greater time and attention should be placed on the development of community engagement in HIV research. A large body of literature, including innovative cross-cutting approaches, exists to guide and inform best practices and mitigate common barriers. However, we recognize that true growth and expansion of CBPR within HIV and in other fields will require a greater breadth of research reporting qualitative and quantitative outcomes.