bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth and productions of crossing between brown rice accessions and submergence rice variety of Inpara 5
Authors: Hasmeda M , Rujito R , Suwignyo A , Hamidson H , Akbar M F
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to determine the growth and production of brown rice accessions which were tolerant to submergence stress. The study was conducted in Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir. This study used Randomized Block Design and Top cross method of a breeding program. The results indicated that Inpara 5 varieties showed better results on plant height, number of tillers, panicle number, 1000 grain weight and yield potential per plant. The accession of fragrant Brown Rice has better results in panicle length and the number of grains per panicle. The accession of Early/Genjah Brown Rice has better results in flowering age and harvesting time compared to Inpara 5 varieties and fragrant brown rice. The success of breeding between Fragrant Brown Rice and Inpara 5 was higher compare to Early Brown Rice and Inpara 5.
Genetic parameters of F4 red rice lines from landrace x national varieties hybridization
Authors: Mustikarini E D , Prayoga G I , Santi R , Aditya I
Published: June 2020

Efforts that can be made in dealing with the limiting factors of rice plants are developing local rice to get the desired character. The results of hybridization were selected to see the superior character of the offspring based on genetic parameters. The purpose of this study was to obtain the value of variability, heritability, and expected genetic advance in each 4th generation character [F4]. Another goal was as a selection criterion for the 4th generation [F4] line and to get a line of promising that can be used as the next generation of promising lines. The research activities were carried out in the Experimental Station of the Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Biology, Bangka Belitung University. This research employed an experimental method based on a single plant design with a single factor that was 56 4th generation [F4] lines of crossed upland rice and 4 crossing elders. Qualitative characters were analyzed by calculating the modus of the characteristics of the whole population. Quantitative characters were analyzed by calculating variability, heritability, expected genetic advance, and t-student tests. The results showed that the character of flowering time, harvest time, and plant height had narrow variability, high heritability, and high expected genetic advance. The characters used for the selection criteria of rice plants in the 4th generation [F4] were flowering time, harvest time, and plant height. As many as 70 lines were used as the next generation of promising lines [F5].
Evaluation of the morphological and quality characteristics of new varieties of Papaya Agri Solinda
Authors: Fatria D , Budiyanti T , Noflindawati  , Sunyoto  , Husada E D
Published: June 2020

The availability of new varieties with high productivity, pest and disease resistance, environmental stress tolerance, and accordance with consumer needs are requirements for the papaya to be accepted in the market. This study was conducted to evaluate the new varieties of papaya Agri Solinda with superior characteristics such as a high number of fruits per plant, high productivity, medium fruit size, and a thick, sweet, slightly chewy texture, with a good fragrant fruit flesh. The plants were planted in a pairwise comparison design with three replications with 30 plants each at the Sumani Experimental Garden belongs to the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute on 2014-2015. The result showed that papaya Agri Solinda has better characteristics compared to the comparison such as medium fruit size, bright yellow color, chewy texture, and sweet taste of fruit flesh [TDS: 12-14o Brix] with productivity over 80 tons/ha on 7-8 months of the first harvest. The morphological characteristics, a unique or new, that Agri Solinda has a sweeter taste and higher of total dissolved solids [TDS] than the comparison varieties [Sari Gading].
Growth and yield of Fragaria sp. in mixed and volume of plant media
Authors: Renfiyeni R , Andraini H , Iswaldi L
Published: June 2020

Strawberry can be planted in polybags, but the right mix and volume of the media are unknown. The study aims to determine the effect of media mix and volume on the growth and yield of strawberries [Fragaria sp.]. The right mixture of media will provide optimum growth and plant yield. Media volume is important to provide adequate root growth space. Minimum media volume is required but can provide maximum growth and yield. The study was conducted in Solok Regency, West Sumatra, using a factorial randomized block design consisting of two factors. The first factor is the media mixture consisting of three levels, namely: A1 [soil + charcoal husk], A2 [soil + cow manure + husk charcoal], A3 [soil+ chicken manure + husk charcoal]. The second factor is the volume of media consisting of three levels, namely: B1 [3 liters], B2 [5 liters] and B3 [7 liters]. The observations showed that the interaction between soil mixture, chicken manure, rice husk charcoal or soil mixture, cow manure, rice husk charcoal with a media volume of 7 liters showed the best results at root length. The highest number and weight of fruit were produced at a single factor A3 [soil+ chicken manure + husk charcoal], and media volume of 7 liters, but not significantly different from other treatments.
Physical and chemical properties of dura and pisifera genotypes of oil palm seed and its viability and vigor
Authors: Hayati P.K. D , Anggasta G N , Anwar A
Published: June 2020

Information about seed physical and chemical properties and their influence on seed dormancy, viability and vigor are barely established. The information can be useful to avoid seed deterioration and to maximize germination. This research aimed to observe the physical and chemical oil palm seed properties, and their relation to the viability and vigor. Three genotypes [Ts, Da, and Ce] from the Dura variety and one genotype [Gh] from the Pisifera variety were evaluated in a completely randomized block design with three replicates. Each genotype had different physical and chemical properties. Seeds of each genotype showed increasing amounts of carbohydrate and decreasing of water, protein, lipid, and lignin content after being held at 40°C for 45 days to break seed dormancy. Genotype Da had the highest viability and vigor compared to Ts and Ce. At the same time, there was no seed of genotype Gh germinate, probably due to the heat treatment was not suitable in breaking dormancy. There were correlations between seed weight, lipid, carbohydrate and lignin properties with seed viability and vigor. Seed protein content seems contributed less to germination compared to seed carbohydrate and lipid content.
Induction of mutations with gamma ray radiation to improve the characteristics of wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] genotype IS-Jarissa
Authors: Dwinanda P , Syukur S , Suliansyah I
Published: June 2020

Wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] is one of the strategic food crop commodities in Indonesia. Efforts to develop wheat continue to meet growing domestic needs. The aim of this study was 1] to obtain information on effective irradiation doses to obtain genetic diversity and diversity of morphological growth in wheat, 2] obtain information about the desired target mutants, which have early maturing and high-yielding wheat characters. The research began by irradiating the IS-Jarissa genotype wheat seed while looking for an effective dose of irradiation to change the genetic composition of wheat. Furthermore, planting mutants 1 [M1] and early mutant selection were conducted on M2. The results showed that: 1] IS-Jarissa wheat varieties were able to live on irradiation with a dose of 0 Gy, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, and 400 Gy. 2] There were 21 mutant candidates in the M2 stage.
Characteristics of the liquid chemical properties of cocoa skin [Theobroma cacao L.] in different water levels
Authors: Budaraga I K , Putra D P
Published: June 2020

Cocoa is one of Indonesia’s mainstay plantation commodities that have a large amount of production. The amount of cocoa production produces cocoa skin waste products that have not been used optimally. Cocoa skin is known to contain cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin compounds which can be processed into liquid smoke. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the chemical properties of liquid cocoa smoke in different moisture content. This study used a completely randomized design [CRD] of four levels of moisture content 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% with three replications. Observation data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test [DNMRT] at the level of one percent and five percent. The results showed that the skin moisture content of cocoa had a very significant effect on pH and phenol from the liquid smoke of cocoa skin. The higher the level of cocoa skin, the pH also increases, while for total phenol, the higher the water content of cocoa skin the lower the total phenol. Furthermore, the water content of cocoa skin does not affect the specific gravity. Analysis of chemical compound components using GC-MS was carried out on the liquid smoke of the best cocoa skin [10%] to produce fifty components of chemical compounds present in the moisture content of cocoa skin. Analysis of the wavelength of the liquid smoke carbonyl group of cacao skin with different moisture content using furrier transform infra-red [FT-IR]. The liquid smoke of cocoa skin with the treatment of ten percent cocoa peel moisture content from the pH observations fulfills the quality requirements set by Japanese standard wood vinegar.
Analysis of genetic diversity of Arabica coffee [Coffea arabica L.] in Solok Regency by SRAP molecular markers
Authors: Yunita R , Oktavioni M , Chaniago I , Syukriani L , Setiawan M A , Jamsari J
Published: June 2020

Coffee is one of the most widely grown plantation crops in Indonesia. There are two types of coffee plants that are most widely cultivated, namely Robusta and Arabica which are distributed in several provinces including West Sumatra. Solok Regency is one of the coffee production centers in West Sumatra. Information regarding the genetic diversity of Arabica coffee that scattered in several locations is still not available. Due to this fact, the genetic diversity of coffee can be identified by DNA analysis. The DNA-based molecular marker that can be applied as a genetic marker of plants is SRAP. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of coffee by the SRAP marker system. Fifteen samples consisted of five varieties of Andungsari, Sigararutang, Kartika, Gayo, Sinar Harapan were collected from three locations namely Air Dingin, Subarang Danau, Simpang Tanjung Nan IV and amplified using 8 selected primary combinations. Diversity analysis was performed by POPGENE and NTSYS. The results showed that the average value of genetic diversity [H] between samples ranged from 0.2812-0.3638, while Shannon’s Information index [I] ranged from 0.4330-0.5346. The average number of polymorphic loci ranged from 19 to 23 with the percentage of polymorphic loci are ranging from 82.61% to 100%. Cluster analysis shows that there are three main clusters [I, II, III] where cluster I can be separated into four nodes, cluster II into three nodes, cluster III into five nodes. The SRAP molecular marker is effectively used to analyze molecular genetic diversity in the Arabica coffee population.
Expression ChiPut-II gene from Serratia plymuthica UBCR_12
Authors: Meyuliana A , Suliansyah I , Jamsari J
Published: June 2020

Putative chitinase II gene [ChiPut-II] was isolated from rhizosphere bacteria strain UBCR_12 [NCBI accession number KX863673]. The ChiPut-II gene encodes chitinase enzyme which has the ability as a bio fungicide. Expression of the gene could be identified in the extracellular as well as in the intracellular of the host cell. The chitinolytic ability of the ChiPut-II enzyme effectively works on 3% colloidal chitin exhibiting specific activity up to 1.235 U/μg. The inhibition capacity of the ChiPut-II enzyme extracted from intracellular against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is 15.59%. It’s chitinolytic and inhibition activity indicated the bacteria to be developed as a bio fungicide.
Regeneration and protein profile analysis of callus transformant with geminivirus β-satellite fragment
Authors: Bagus F R M , Sihotang S , Nova B , Jamsari J
Published: June 2020

The β-satellite fragment is a single-strand DNA that has a size of 1.4 kb. This fragment plays role in pathogen-derived resistance [PDR]. The genetic transformation of the β-Satellite fragment carried out by the previous researcher is limited by the regeneration of transformant callus. Therefore, this research was aimed to find some factors affecting the regeneration of transformant and non-transformant calli. Furthermore, protein analysis was performed on both calli to identify any specific fragment differentiating both proteins. SDS-PAGE analysis showed 5 and 8 fragments from transformant and transformant respectively. One of the 5 fragments has a size of 13.32 kDa which was predicted as C1 protein. These results proved that the β-Satellite fragment has been successfully inserted and expressed in the transformant calli. Subsequent research is suggested to identify some differential fragments produced by both transformant and non-transformant.
In silico analysis of PepYLCV-βC1 protein interaction with pepper-SnRK1 for pathogenicity prediction
Authors: Nova B , Jamsari J
Published: June 2020

Pepper yellow leaf curl virus [PepYLCV] is a monopartite begomovirus that is usually associated with a beta satellite which encodes a pathogenicity protein [βC1] responsible for symptom appearance. A recent study revealed that plants overexpressing SnRK1 were delayed for symptom appearance and lower levels of satellite DNA. The current study provided the interaction of PepYLCV BC1 and Pepper SnRK1 protein by using computational approaches including homology modeling and protein-protein docking. The reliability of the 3D model was validated by using the Procheck server. Findings suggest that ubiquitin-associated [UBA] and auto-inhibitory sequence [AIS] domains of Pepper-SnRK1 are involved in the PepYLCV-βC1 interaction. Findings provide computational data support for domain-level interactions to predict the pathogenicity of new monopartite begomoviruses that lack known experimental data.
Stability assay of antagonistic activity of Serratia plymuthica strain UBCR_12 under various environmental factors
Authors: Runifah T , Sentia S , Aisyah S N , Jamsari J
Published: June 2020

Serratia plymuthica strain UBCR_12 exhibited promising antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The development of this strain for field use requires a certain level of stability towards various environmental exposures that might occur in the natural condition. This study was aimed to evaluate the stability level of antifungal activity produced by the culture supernatants of S. plymuthica strain UBCR_12 under several environmental factors. Antifungal assay of this strain was performed through the application of culture supernatants under several parameters and was performed in five technical replications. Data were confirmed statistically using one-way and two-way ANOVA and significance among treatments were verified through DNMRT with a p<0.05. The antagonistic effect of this strain varied in each environmental parameter tested. The highest suppression was recorded at pH 8.0 [30.32%] after eight days of application indicating that the alkaline condition might trigger its defense mechanism. Other parameters showed quite similar inhibition efficacy, such as 24.06% [100 C for 45 minutes] and 21.15% [CaCl2 addition]. Compared to control, this strain could suppress anthracnose-causing fungi up to 24.06% suggesting that its antifungal activity was considered as quite stable over the presence of heat and calcium.
The diversity of insects in West Sumatera’s local rice by planting refugia as an effort to conserve natural enemies
Authors: Nelly N , Hamid H , Yunisman Y , Pratama A S , Nawir W
Published: June 2020

Refugia cultivation refers to a place provided for insects in flower plants, especially for habituating the natural enemies of pests. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of refugia plants on insect diversity during rice cultivation, using a survey method. This experiment was conducted in the Solok area of West Sumatra, in July-September 2019, followed by insect identification at the Insect Bioecology Laboratory of the Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. Furthermore, the observations were made in the paddy fields within the early generative phase, and when the panicle has emerged on each sample plot, using insect nets. These samples were taken from places with only refugia plants, as well as rice fields with and without refugia. The results showed a variation in the number of orders, families, and individuals in all samples, which were 3, 6 and 9, respectively for refugia plants, 6, 9 and 133, respectively on the edges of paddy fields with refugia plants, then 4, 7 and 213, were recorded in the areas without refugia. Besides, the highest insect diversity index value was identified in the rice plants with refugia at the edges of the fields [1.87]. At the same time, 1.39 was reported in its absence and 1.58 in areas with the refugia plant itself. Conversely, the dominance index values recorded were 0.20 and 0.58 for rice with, and without refugia, and 0 was reported in the area with refugia alone. Therefore, it is possibly concluded that refugia plants possess the capacity to influence insect diversity and dominance. This necessitates the conduction of further observations in the aspect of functions, as well as the ability to control rice pests.
The potential use of volcanic deposits for geopolymer materials
Authors: Ilham D J , Kautsar F R , Januarti J , Anggarini U , Fiantis D
Published: June 2020

Volcanic deposits are abundant in the vicinity of an active and inactive volcano. They are produced from the cooling of magma during explosive volcanic eruptions. They have varying physical properties and can range in size from sub-millimetric ash up to boulder size. As Indonesia is considered as an active volcanic region, volcanic materials are abundant but they are still unexploited to full capacity such as geopolymer raw material. Geopolymers are generally understood as alkali-activated aluminosilicates. They may be considered as an inorganic two-component system which consists of: [1] a reactive solid source of SiO2 and Al2O3, and [2] an alkaline activation solution. The aim of the research is to identify the chemical and mineralogical properties of Merapi and Mt. Sinabung volcanic ashes as the raw material of geopolymers. Results showed that Mt. Merapi contained amorphous volcanic glass and crystalline [feldspar] minerals with 61.13% SiO2; 17.78% Al2O3; 3.47% Fe2O3; 6.22% CaO. Mount Sinabung deposit contains amorphous volcanic glass also and crystalline [feldspar] minerals with an oxide content of 49.33% SiO2; 15.93% Al2O3; 6.48% Fe2O3; 5.87% CaO. The high content of silica and alumina in this material showed that it was pozzolan material which can be synthesized to geopolymers. The molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 was high, Merapi is 5.84 and Sinabung is 5.26.
Analysis of export performance and export competitiveness trade of crude palm oil [CPO] industry in Indonesia with RSPO in India and United States markets
Authors: Ali H , Karimi S , Febriamansyah R
Published: June 2020

The implementation of the RSPO [Roundtable on sustainable palm oil] has been implemented since 2012 in the United States market, but the Indian market has not. This study aims to describe and compare the export performance and export competitiveness of Indonesia’s CPO [crude palm oil] trade in both markets. Comparison is done descriptively and the analysis of compare means independent samples t-test and paired samples test. The description of export performance measured by trade flow [value and quantity] shows the trade value of Indonesia’s CPO trade in the Indian market of USD 70,885.52 thousand with an average of USD 388,000.06 thousand in the 1996-2017 period. Whereas in the USA market it was 8,536,001 thousand USD with an average of USD 388,000.06 thousand. Export competitiveness with the RCA index in the USA market is higher than the Indian market, amounting to 26.50% and 19.24%. The results of comparing means independent samples t-test against trade value and quantity have a significant difference between Indonesia’s CPO exports in the Indian market and the USA market. However, Indonesian’s CPO export competitiveness with the RCA index does not have a significant difference in the Indian and USA markets. The results of the compare mean paired samples test before the RSPO 2006-2011 period and after the RSPO 2012-2017 period, found that the trade value of Indonesia’s CPO exports before and after the RSPO was not significant. While the trade quantity and RCA of Indonesian CPO exports there are significant differences in the Indian and US markets.
Farmer perceptions of microsystem salt production in Bluka Teubai village, Dewantara Subdistrict, North Aceh Regency
Authors: Zahara H , Shamadiyah N , Maida E , Suryadi S , Harianti W S
Published: June 2020

Salt is very important for the people as food ingredients and industrial raw materials, therefore salt becomes a very strategic commodity. Salt in Indonesia is still produced by traditional systems. Agricultural extension agencies began to improve the technology of salt production using a microsystem to increase salt production. These systems generate salt through the evaporation of seawater. The process of aging the water that previously took 2 weeks [14 days] could be shortened. This research was conducted in the village of Bluka Teubai, Dewantara District, North Aceh Regency. This study aimed to determine farmers’ perceptions of microsystem salt-making technology. The data was analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis with a Likert scale analysis. The results of the study indicate that relative superiority has an index value of 78.80%, conformity of 79.98%, ability to be tested as large as 71.19%, ability to be observed is equal to 77.53%, microsystem making technology for 83.60%, salt marketing for 70.92%, and program mechanism as big as 68.56%.
The role of community local wisdom for nagari development in Sijunjung District, West Sumatera
Authors: Nefilinda N , Ahmad F , Mukhtar B , Irianto A , Jamsari J
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to uncover and analyze the role of local wisdom of the community for development in Nagari Paru, Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra. This study used a quantitative and qualitative method to figure out the role of Rimbo Larangan as one of the local wisdom applied in the community. The results of this study indicate that: the existence of the local wisdom of the community in the form of the Rimbo Larangan originated from forest destruction that occurred several years ago so that it has an impact on people’s lives. The community in Nagari Paru has a perspective that the environment needs to be treated properly so that it can produce benefits in the form of improving health, happiness and increasing nagari development. The community is accustomed to managing the environment, because there is a recommendation from the Niniak Mamak, and it must be improved because it is important to their life. Since people in Nagari Paru are generally farmer, who need water every day for their fields and life, so the availability of water become their main concern. Although maintaining the Rimbo Larangan in Nagari Paru is still an agreement but it is effective enough to bind the community not to cut wood in the jungle, meaning that the community is accustomed to maintaining the jungle for life. Quantitative analysis showed a significant role of the local wisdom particularly in the nagari development as confirmed by the regression equation.
Administration of Zingiber zerumbet extract on performances and haematological parameters of broiler chickens
Authors: Samadi S , Wajizah S , Tarman A
Published: June 2020

Due to the prohibition of antibiotics administration as feed additives in animal production, nutritionists need to develop strategies as replacement of antibiotics in animal feed. Phytogenic which is considered as replacement of antibiotic has been used widely in animal feed to promote growth and improve animal health. This experiment aimed to evaluate the use of Zingiber zerumbet extract on performance [BW, FI, and FCR] and hematological parameters of broiler chicken. A number of 100 mixed-sex broiler chickens were randomly allocated according to various treatment groups. Each treatment was administrated different levels of Z. zerumbet extract [P1=control, P2=0.025% of Z. zerumbet extract in the water, P3=0.050 % of Z. zerumbet extract in the water, and P4=0.025% of Z. zerumbet extract in the water]. Chickens were provided commercial feed with a nutrient requirement for started and growers. Water and feed were supplied ad libitum. Parameter observed in this experiment was broiler performance including BW, FI, and FCE each week up to 4 weeks and hematological parameter. One-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] was applied to determine the statistical difference by using SPSS. The significant differences between treatment were stated [P≤0.05]. The results of the experiment indicated that the use of Z. zerumbet in the water was not significantly different [P≥0.05] on chicken performance [BW, FI, and FCE]. Administration of Z. zerumbet extract in the water did not influence [P≥0.05] hematological parameters of broiler [hemoglobin, erythrosine, and thrombosis]. In conclusion, Z. zerumbet can be used as alternatives to feed additives to replace antibiotics in animal production.
Influential factors of animal food consumption in West Sumatera Province [application of almost ideal demand system model]
Authors: Ermanda A P , Jafrinur J , Hellyward J
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to determine the pattern of consumption of beef, poultry, and fish in households in West Sumatera Province and the factors that influence the demand for beef, poultry, and fish in households in West Sumatera Province. This study used an econometric approach by building a model of the demand function for beef, poultry and fish commodities using raw data from the Survey Sosial Ekonomi Nasional [SUSENAS] for West Sumatera Province in 2018. The total sample was 100 households. Data were analyzed using the Almost Ideal Demand System [AIDS] analysis method. The consumption pattern of demand for beef, poultry meat and fish is characterized by R2 by 0.8233, meaning that 82.33% in the proportion of expenditure on animal foods can be explained by the variables used in the model. Variables that influence the demand for meat with a level of 95% are the prices of each commodity in the form of beef, poultry and fish, educational level of housewives [dummy for higher education and low education] and total household expenditure. Variables that influence the demand for meat with a level of 90% are the number of household members. Variables that influence the demand for meat with a level of 0% are the area of residence of the household [dummy for urban and rural] and the age of the household mother.
An IFT20 mechanotrafficking axis is required for integrin recycling, focal adhesion dynamics, and polarized cell migration
Authors: Su Steven , Begum Salma , Ezratty Ellen J.
Published: June 2020

In this work, it is established that an IFT20 mechanotrafficking axis is required for integrin recycling, polarized cell migration, and invasion of epidermal stem cells during tissue regeneration and wound repair.
Metasubtract: an R-package to analytically produce leave-one-out meta-analysis GWAS summary statistics
Authors: Nolte Ilja M
Published: June 2020

Summary statistics from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (meta-GWAS) can be used for many follow-up analyses. One valuable application is the creation of polygenic scores. However, if polygenic scores are calculated in a validation cohort that was part of the meta-GWAS consortium, this cohort is not independent and analyses will therefore yield inflated results. The R package ‘MetaSubtract’ was developed to subtract the results of the validation cohort from meta-GWAS summary statistics analytically. The statistical formulas for a meta-analysis were inverted to compute corrected summary statistics of a meta-GWAS leaving one (or more) cohort(s) out. These formulas have been implemented in MetaSubtract for different meta-analyses methods (fixed effects inverse variance or square root sample size weighted z-score) accounting for no, single or double genomic control correction. Results obtained by MetaSubtract correlate very well to those calculated using the traditional way, i.e. by performing a meta-analysis leaving out the validation cohort. In conclusion, MetaSubtract allows researchers to compute meta-GWAS summary statistics that are independent of the GWAS results of the validation cohort without requiring access to the cohort level GWAS results of the corresponding meta-GWAS consortium.

Availability and implementation

https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MetaSubtract.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Exploring Carers’ Experiences and Perceptions of Special Guardianship Orders (SGOs) over Time, from the Point of Applying to Now
Authors: Woodward Katie , Melia Yvonne , Combes Helen
Published: June 2020

In 2005, Special Guardianship Orders (SGOs) came into law in England enabling carers to take full legal responsibility for all aspects of a child’s care, and to therefore provide a foundation to build a life-long permanent relationship. To date, little research has been carried out with a particular emphasis on SGOs, and the impact that they have. Q-Methodology explored carers’ experiences and perceptions of SGOs over time, from the point at which carers applied for the SGO until now. Ten participants each completed three Q-Sorts by way of sorting 47 statements. Seven factors emerged from the Factor Analysis but only five were found to be significant (Eigenvalues above 1.0). The factors reflected variance in Special Guardian’s perceptions of preparation for and understanding of their role, role reward, obligation to take on the role, levels of support, relationship with the birth family and their bond with the child(ren) in their care. This study provides an insight into the experiences of carers-granted SGOs. The similarities and differences in these viewpoints are discussed. The findings suggest that more time and preparation is needed to ensure that carers are better prepared to manage any difficulties that may arise.
Negative and Positive Interethnic Contact and the Association of Ethnic Neighbourhood Composition with Trust, Cohesion, and Prejudice
Authors: Kros Mathijs , Hewstone Miles
Published: June 2020

This study extends the literature on the relationship between ethnic neighbourhood composition and cohesion, trust, and prejudice, by considering the influence of both positive and negative interethnic contact. We employ multilevel structural equation modelling, with individuals nested in neighbourhoods, using a unique dataset collected in England in 2017 amongst 1,520 White British and 1,474 Asian British respondents. Our results show that negative interethnic contact, unlike positive interethnic contact, is not related to ethnic neighbourhood composition. Specifically, White British people who live in neighbourhoods with relatively many Asian British people have, as expected, more positive but, encouragingly, not more negative interethnic contact. For Asian people, living in neighbourhoods with relatively many White people is unrelated to both their positive and negative interethnic contact. Furthermore, White and Asian people who have more positive interethnic contact score higher on perceived cohesion, general trust, and outgroup trust and lower on prejudice. The opposite holds true for White and Asian people who have more negative interethnic contact.
Is polypharmacy beneficial or detrimental for older adults with cardiometabolic multimorbidity? Pooled analysis of studies from Hong Kong and Europe
Authors: Cheung Johnny T K , Yu Ruby , Woo Jean
Published: June 2020

Background

Physicians often prescribe high numbers of medications for managing multiple cardiometabolic diseases. It is questionable whether polypharmacy (concurrent use of five or more medications) is beneficial or detrimental for older adults with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (co-occurrence of two or more diseases).

Objective

To examine combined effects of multimorbidity and polypharmacy on hospitalization and frailty and to determine whether effect sizes of polypharmacy vary with numbers of cardiometabolic diseases

Methods

We pooled longitudinal data of community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong, Israel, and 17 European countries. They completed questionnaires for baseline assessment from 2015 to 2018 and reassessment at 1–2-year follow-up. We performed regression analyses to address the objective.

Results

Among 44 818 participants (mean age: 69.6 years), 28.3% had polypharmacy and 34.8% suffered from cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Increased risks of hospitalization and worsening frailty were found in participants with ‘multimorbidity alone’ [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.10 and 1.26] and ‘polypharmacy alone’ (AOR 1.57 and 1.68). With ‘multimorbidity and ‘polypharmacy’ combined, participants were not at additive risks (AOR 1.53 and 1.47). In stratified analysis, with increasing numbers of cardiometabolic diseases, associations of polypharmacy with hospitalization and frailty were attenuated but remained statistically significant.

Conclusion

Polypharmacy is less detrimental, yet still detrimental, for older adults living with cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Physicians should optimize prescription regardless of the number of diseases. Health policymakers and researchers need to consider their interrelationship in hospitalization risk predictions and in developing frailty scales.
The causal effects of health conditions and risk factors on social and socioeconomic outcomes: Mendelian randomization in UK Biobank
Authors: Harrison Sean , Davies Alisha R , Dickson Matt , Tyrrell Jessica , Green Michael J , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Campbell Desmond , Munafò Marcus , Dixon Padraig , Jones Hayley E , Rice Frances , Davies Neil M , Howe Laura D
Published: June 2020

Background

We aimed to estimate the causal effect of health conditions and risk factors on social and socioeconomic outcomes in UK Biobank. Evidence on socioeconomic impacts is important to understand because it can help governments, policy makers and decision makers allocate resources efficiently and effectively.

Methods

We used Mendelian randomization to estimate the causal effects of eight health conditions (asthma, breast cancer, coronary heart disease, depression, eczema, migraine, osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes) and five health risk factors [alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, smoking] on 19 social and socioeconomic outcomes in 336 997 men and women of White British ancestry in UK Biobank, aged between 39 and 72 years. Outcomes included annual household income, employment, deprivation [measured by the Townsend deprivation index (TDI)], degree-level education, happiness, loneliness and 13 other social and socioeconomic outcomes.

Results

Results suggested that BMI, smoking and alcohol intake affect many socioeconomic outcomes. For example, smoking was estimated to reduce household income [mean difference = -£22 838, 95% confidence interval (CI): -£31 354 to -£14 321] and the chance of owning accommodation [absolute percentage change (APC) = -20.8%, 95% CI: -28.2% to -13.4%], of being satisfied with health (APC = -35.4%, 95% CI: -51.2% to -19.5%) and of obtaining a university degree (APC = -65.9%, 95% CI: -81.4% to -50.4%), while also increasing deprivation (mean difference in TDI = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.44, approximately 216% of a decile of TDI). There was evidence that asthma decreased household income, the chance of obtaining a university degree and the chance of cohabiting, and migraine reduced the chance of having a weekly leisure or social activity, especially in men. For other associations, estimates were null.

Conclusions

Higher BMI, alcohol intake and smoking were all estimated to adversely affect multiple social and socioeconomic outcomes. Effects were not detected between health conditions and socioeconomic outcomes using Mendelian randomization, with the exceptions of depression, asthma and migraines. This may reflect true null associations, selection bias given the relative health and age of participants in UK Biobank, and/or lack of power to detect effects.
Is digital always better? Comparing two English print dictionaries with their digital counterparts
Authors: Ferrett Emma , Dollinger Stefan
Published: June 2020

In this paper we discuss advantages and disadvantages of e-dictionaries over print dictionaries in order to answer one increasingly relevant question: is digital always better? We compare the e-content from Oxford University Press and Merriam-Webster flagship dictionaries against their most recent print counterparts. The resulting data shows that the move from print to digital, against popular perception, results in a loss of lexicographical detail and scope. After assessing the user-friendliness of the e-dictionaries’ sites in both desktop and mobile app formats, we conclude that Merriam-Webster currently utilizes the digital medium somewhat better, while Oxford University Press is the current market leader in collaborations with tech giants such as Google. Most crucially, however, both companies have yet to devise and implement optimal ways to balance advertising noise and lexicographical content. Finally, we compare the virtual popularity of e-dictionaries according to their social media efforts and product partnerships. The greatest problem e-dictionaries currently face is that content does routinely change in unspecified and even undocumented ways. Despite these significant disadvantages, the convenience of mobile online accessibility appears to outweigh the concern with the reliability and quality of content.
Multisectoral Approach to Support Use of Insecticide-Treated Net for Malaria Prevention Among Mobile and Migrant Populations in Myanmar: A Systematic Review
Authors: Naing Cho , Whittaker Maxine A , Tanner Marcel
Published: June 2020

Background

Myanmar is a premalaria elimination country with artemisinin-resistant malaria. A strategy for transmission control is focused on vulnerable groups such as mobile and migrant populations (MMPs), and includes improving access to insecticide-treated bed nets in the Myanmar artemisinin resistance containment (MARC) zones using multisectoral approaches (MSA).

Methods

This narrative systematic review addressed MSAs targeted to MMPs in Myanmar for malaria prevention. We searched relevant studies in electronic databases and present the narrative findings in 4 domains: stakeholder groups, net coverage and utilization, social determinates, and facilitators/barriers.

Results

Nine studies were included. The review identified stakeholders involved in intersectoral collaboration. Net ownership was higher than utilization rates in the MARC zones and rates remained below the WHO recommended target of 100%. There was inadequate description of roles and responsibilities for implementation and on channels of communication within the partnerships and with the Government.

Conclusions

Findings show that interventions to distribute treated bed nets were supported by the multiple stakeholders. Due to the design of the primary studies, analysis of the added value of intersectoral collaboration was limited. More attention must be paid to designing studies to document and evaluate the contributions and outcomes of intersectoral collaboration.
Susceptibility trends of ceftolozane/tazobactam and comparators when tested against European Gram-negative bacterial surveillance isolates collected during 2012–18
Authors: Sader Helio S , Carvalhaes Cecilia G , Duncan Leonard R , Flamm Robert K , Shortridge Dee
Published: June 2020

Background

The Program to Assess Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Susceptibility (PACTS) monitors the in vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and numerous antimicrobial agents against Gram-negative bacteria worldwide.

Objectives

To evaluate the activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and resistance trends among Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales isolates in Europe between 2012 and 2018.

Methods

P. aeruginosa (7503) and Enterobacterales (30 582) isolates were collected from 53 medical centres in 26 countries in Europe and the Mediterranean region and tested for susceptibility by reference broth microdilution method in a central laboratory. MIC results were interpreted using EUCAST criteria.

Results

Ceftolozane/tazobactam was the most active compound tested against P. aeruginosa isolates after colistin, with overall susceptibility rates of 94.1% in Western Europe and 80.9% in Eastern Europe. Moreover, ceftolozane/tazobactam retained activity against 75.2% and 59.2% of meropenem-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa isolates in Western and Eastern Europe, respectively. Tobramycin was the third most active compound tested against P. aeruginosa, with susceptibility rates of 88.6% and 70.9% in Western and Eastern Europe, respectively. Ceftolozane/tazobactam was active against 94.5% of all Enterobacterales and 96.1% of meropenem-susceptible isolates from Western Europe. In Eastern Europe, ceftolozane/tazobactam was active against 79.4% of Enterobacterales overall and 86.2% of meropenem-susceptible isolates.

Discussion

Antimicrobial susceptibility rates for agents commonly used to treat serious systemic infections varied widely among nations and geographic regions and were generally lower in Eastern Europe compared with Western Europe. Ceftolozane/tazobactam demonstrated potent activity against P. aeruginosa, including MDR strains, and retained activity against most meropenem-susceptible Enterobacterales causing infection in European medical centres.
Formal representation of patients’ care context data: the path to improving the electronic health record
Authors: Colicchio Tiago K , Dissanayake Pavithra I , Cimino James J
Published: June 2020

Objective

To develop a collection of concept-relationship-concept tuples to formally represent patients’ care context data to inform electronic health record (EHR) development.

Materials and Methods

We reviewed semantic relationships reported in the literature and developed a manual annotation schema. We used the initial schema to annotate sentences extracted from narrative note sections of cardiology, urology, and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) notes. We audio recorded ENT visits and annotated their parsed transcripts. We combined the results of each annotation into a consolidated set of concept-relationship-concept tuples. We then compared the tuples used within and across the multiple data sources.

Results

We annotated a total of 626 sentences. Starting with 8 relationships from the literature, we annotated 182 sentences from 8 inpatient consult notes (initial set of tuples = 43). Next, we annotated 232 sentences from 10 outpatient visit notes (enhanced set of tuples = 75). Then, we annotated 212 sentences from transcripts of 5 outpatient visits (final set of tuples = 82). The tuples from the visit transcripts covered 103 (74%) concepts documented in the notes of their respective visits. There were 20 (24%) tuples used across all data sources, 10 (12%) used only in inpatient notes, 15 (18%) used only in visit notes, and 7 (9%) used only in the visit transcripts.

Conclusions

We produced a robust set of 82 tuples useful to represent patients’ care context data. We propose several applications of our tuples to improve EHR navigation, data entry, learning health systems, and decision support.
The Extended Theoretical Model of Communal Coping: Understanding the Properties and Functionality of Communal Coping
Authors: Afifi Tamara D , Basinger Erin D , Kam Jennifer A
Published: June 2020

Most of the research on communal coping (CC) has assumed and found that it can enhance health, as well as strengthen entire communities, under stressful circumstances. Nevertheless, recent research has questioned the seemingly inherent benefits of CC. This article rectifies these discrepancies in the literature in a new, extended theoretical model of CC that crosses interpersonal, family, health, organizational, intercultural, and small group communication, as well as psychology and public health. In so doing, we (a) provide a deeper understanding of the functionality of CC for resilience and thriving across subfields within Communication and other disciplines, (b) clarify the concept of CC and describe how it is constructed and revealed through communication, (c) address problematic ways researchers measure CC, and (d) demonstrate the processual nature of it. Future directions are suggested.
Meaning Multiplicity Across Communication Subfields: Bridging the Gaps
Authors: Boxman-Shabtai Lillian
Published: June 2020

Subdisciplines in communication studies have developed competing and self-contained theories of meaning multiplicity. Arguing that this fragmented scholarship falls short of grasping the full scope of the phenomenon, this article offers Decoding Convergence–Divergence (DCD) as an interdisciplinary analytical and conceptual framework. Synthesizing principles from cognitive, cultural, and speaker-centered approaches to meaning multiplicity, this framework was applied in a study that examined news coverage of a CEO’s initiative to address income inequality and its reception by different segments of the American audience. The study’s results provide a novel demonstration of the joint contribution of opposing theories to the understanding of meaning multiplicity. Specifically, it found that textual polysemy, partisan selective perception, and the use of strategic ambiguity coalesced in the interpretive dynamics of this story. Based on these results, the article discusses the contribution of DCD to bridging competing approaches and the potential applications of the framework.
Leveraging genome-enabled growth models to study shoot growth responses to water deficit in rice
Authors: Campbell Malachy T , Grondin Alexandre , Walia Harkamal , Morota Gota
Published: June 2020

Elucidating genotype-by-environment interactions and partitioning its contribution to phenotypic variation remains a challenge for plant scientists. We propose a framework that utilizes genome-wide markers to model genotype-specific shoot growth trajectories as a function of time and soil water availability. A rice diversity panel was phenotyped daily for 21 d using an automated, high-throughput image-based, phenotyping platform that enabled estimation of daily shoot biomass and soil water content. Using these data, we modeled shoot growth as a function of time and soil water content, and were able to determine the time point where an inflection in the growth trajectory occurred. We found that larger, more vigorous plants exhibited an earlier repression in growth compared with smaller, slow-growing plants, indicating a trade-off between early vigor and tolerance to prolonged water deficits. Genomic inference for model parameters and time of inflection (TOI) identified several candidate genes. This study is the first to utilize a genome-enabled growth model to study drought responses in rice, and presents a new approach to jointly model dynamic morpho-physiological responses and environmental covariates.