bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Herbariums as custodians of biodiversity and their use (review)
Authors:   Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Domracheva L. I. ,   Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, Kovina А. L. ,   Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, Korotkikh A. I. ,   Vyatka State University, Skugoreva S. G. ,   Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ashikhmina T. Ya. ,   Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Vyatka State University
Published: February 2024

The review presents data on the history of herbariums and fungariums, their diversity and use. It is shown that in addition to the traditional value of these objects for studying the systematics, morphology, distribution of plants and fungi, new scientific directions have emerged due to the achievements of modern science such as molecular genetic approach, genotyping, next generation sequencing. This allows identifying the molecular basis of phenotypic variability, resistance to stress, create DNA banks integrated with herbarium collections. The surviving microbial pool of herbarium samples makes it possible to isolate into a pure culture representatives of the microbiota, promising in the biotechnological aspect: for biomonitoring purposes, to create biological products of directed action against plant pathogens. Antique herbarium specimens make it possible to study the ways of migration and dispersal of plants across continents as well as expansion of epiphytoties. Analysis of the chemical composition of herbarium samples shows that the content of substances and their biological activity in many plants practically does not change over a long storage period in a dried state. At the same time, both useful biologically active substances and toxins are preserved in the studied herbarium specimens.
The dynamic of pine woods ecosystems on the poor sandy soils at the central part of Volga Upland
Authors:   Saratov Branch of A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kudryavtsev А. Yu.
Published: February 2024

The results of a study of the dynamics of a rather rare type of forest ecosystem for the central part of the Volga Upland – fresh pinery (A2) – are presented. The research was carried out on the territory of the Upper Sura section of the Volga Forest-Steppe Nature Reserve. The progress of the process was studied in an age series, identified in homogeneous forest conditions based on the principles of dynamic classification of forest types. As a result of processing forest taxation data, average values of taxation indicators of forest stands were obtained for each age class. At the same time, an analysis of changes in all components of the plantings was carried out. On its basis, the age series was divided into separate periods and phases. Trends in the share of participation of each forest-forming species in the forest stand at different age stages are described by nonlinear equations. The study showed that the resulting age series represents a series of transformation of forest communities. Disruption of the forest formation process led to a large-scale replacement of indigenous plantings with derivatives. After the start of clear-cutting, the area occupied by deciduous trees (primarily birch) constantly grew. A consequence of the large-scale use of intermediate, sanitary and voluntary selective fellings was the formation of thinned pine stands. At the same time, a transformation of the lower tiers of communities also occurred. These factors caused a deterioration in the conditions for natural regeneration of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). As a result, to date, the possibility of forming pine stands through natural regeneration is almost completely excluded.
Monitoring the distribution of Heracleum sosnowskyi in urban areas based on Earth remote sensing data
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Ashikhmina T. Ya. ,   Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rutman V. V. ,   Vyatka State University, Adamovich T. A. ,   Vyatka State University, Tovstik E. V. ,   Vyatka State University
Published: February 2024

The article deals with the problem of distribution and the possibility of monitoring Sosnowsky’s hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) in certain areas of the urban environment using Earth remote sensing data. The Sentinel-2 images with a resolution of 10 m were used as the initial satellite information. Identifying, tracking, analysis and mapping the distribution areas of Sosnowsky’s hogweed were carried out using satellite data. The choice of mass growing areas of Sosnovsky’s hogweed for monitoring was carried out during the preliminary field studies of the urban territory of Kirov. The monitoring studies were based on differences in the reflectivity between the hogweed and other environmental objects. Satellite data processing was carried out using the QGIS-3.26 program. Based on the results of the work, maps were obtained, on which areas of mass growth of Sosnowsky’s hogweed were visualized. The built-in tools of the program allowed calculating the area of distribution of the studied invasive species in certain areas of Kirov. The identified areas were represented by plots of continuous overgrowth and its distribution in small groups. The paper describes a technique that makes it possible to calculate changes in the areas of plots of continuous overgrowth of Sosnowsky’s hogweed in the study area. The technique enables to identify periods of maximum growth of hogweed, to determine the trends in the area of its continuous overgrowth. The results of the work demonstrate the effectiveness of a combination of Earth remote sensing methods and satellite image processing algorithms in monitoring the distribution of Sosnowsky’s hogweed.
Use of basic hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators to determine the invariant state of the Kuibyshev reservoir and its tributaries
Authors:   Department for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kondrateva Т. А. , Nikonenkova T. V. ,   Kazan Federal University, Gaisin A. R. ,   Kazan Federal University, Latypova T. R. ,   Kazan Federal University, Stepanova N. Yu. ,   Kazan Federal University
Published: February 2024

The method of ecological modifications was used to determine the invariant state of aquatic ecosystems in the Middle Volga basin. Based on the analysis of long-term regime hydrochemical and hydrobiological information using the methods of mathematical statistics (cluster, hierarchical cluster analysis, ordination methods), the studied water bodies were grouped according to the chemical composition of water, highlighting the main indicators of natural and anthropogenic genesis. We highlighted the general indicators of the chemical composition of water (temperature, salinity, hardness, content of oil products, chromium ions) that affect the change in the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of hydrobiocenoses, as well as specific indicators (nitrogen-containing compounds, phosphates, chlorides, sulfates, copper and iron ions), negatively affecting the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of hydrobiocenoses. A group of ciliates – cilioplankton (qualitative and quantitative characteristics) was used to assess the invariant state. Cilioplankton in the ecosystem of the Kuibyshev reservoir is characterized by high species diversity, which indicates anthropogenic stress. The quantitative characteristics of cilioplankton in rivers are low, and the community changes are ecological modulations. The share of rotifers development in zooplankton indicates the elements of ecological regress in water bodies, as well as anthropogenic eutrophication with elements of ecological regress (in most of the Kuibyshev reservoir). The level of zoobenthos development and its size, as well as the oligochaetes relative proportion indicate anthropogenic stress in the ecosystem of most parts of the Kuibyshev reservoir. The elements of ecological regress are traced only in the area of Chistopol. The water ecosystem in Tetyusha area is characterized as a transition from background to anthropogenic stress. The Vyatka and Mesha rivers are characterized as background rivers with the transition to anthropogenic stress. Anthropogenic eutrophication with elements of ecological regress can be traced in the Kazanka River. The Stepnoy Zai, Noksa and Ilet rivers has elements of ecological regress. Hydrobiocenoses indicators statistically depend on hydrochemical composition.
Associations of myxomycetes in forest biocenoses (on the example of the Nurgush Nature Reserve)
Authors:   Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky, Shirokikh A. A. ,   Vyatka State University, Shirokikh I. G. ,   Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky,   Vyatka State University
Published: February 2024

Myxomycete communities are an integral component of forest biocenoses. For the first time, a comparative study of the composition and biodiversity of myxomycete complexes was carried out on the example of two sites of the Nurgush Reserve. It was found that the species diversity of myxomycetes is higher at the Nurgush site, and the interspecific associations of these organisms are more diverse at the Tulashor site. An important component of the myxomycete communities are lower and higher fungi. Micromycetes act as parasites, and higher fungi act as organisms that help myxomycetes develop new substrates, in particular, decomposing wood. An important component of communities are bacteria, which are not only a trophic resource for myxomycetes, but also contribute to their adaptation to the environment. Among the bacteria dominating in the composition of myxomycete communities, species synthesizing indole-3-acetic acid – a phytohormone of auxin nature are identified, in connection with which the sporophores of myxomycetes can be potential sources of biotechnologically valuable strains.
Altitudinal variation in ecological strategies across plant communities of different vegetation types
Authors:   Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novakovskiy A. B. , Dubrovskiy Yu. A. ,   Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kulygina E. E. ,   Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Degteva S. V. ,   Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2024

Grime’s CSR (competition-stress-ruderality) theory has found widespread use in modern ecology for the analysis of vegetation worldwide. This study aimed to verify if vegetation behavior predicted by this theory coincided with field observations along a highly pronounced altitudinal gradient and to determine if this behavior is the same for different vegetation types. We studied the 275 plots of different vegetation types in the Northern and Subpolar Urals (Russia). Based on the community-weighted mean approach, we allocated the CSR status of each plot. Then, we used generalized additive models and linear modeling to find relationships between CSR statuses, vegetation types and altitude. The plant communities were characterized by a predominance of species with competitor (C) and stress-tolerant (S) strategies and a small share of ruderal (R) species. According to the decrease in the share of competitors and the increase of stress-tolerators, the vegetation types were ranked as follows: forest (С: 47, S: 44), meadow (С: 47, S: 37), bush (С: 44, S: 46), mire (С: 42, S: 49) and mountain tundra (С: 35, S: 58). The different vegetation types showed different responses to elevation changes in the CSR terms. Meadows, bushes and mountain tundra showed the most corresponding behavior with Grime’s CSR theory predictions: a significant decrease of the C scores and an increase of S component (4–5% for every 100 m increase in elevation). Finally, forests and mires did not show notable changes in the CSR status.
Long-distance movements of small mammals during the autumn-winter period
Authors:   Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Grigorkina E. B. , Olenev G. V. ,   Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2024

First time in the East Urals radioactive trace zone (EURT) (Chelyabinsk region, Southern Urals) small mammals from natural population with rhodamine B (RB) label, received in last year were revealed. The aim of this study was to estimate long-distance movements (LDM) of small mammals during the autumn–winter season by method of group marking with bait containing RB. One-time ingestion of bait with RB ensures systemic marking, which fixed in keratin-containing structures (hairs, claws, vibrissae). Retention time of RB-label for wood mouse (Sylvaemus uralensis Pallas, 1811) was 338 days, for common shrew (Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758) – 312 days, for red-backed vole (Myodes rutilus Pallas, 1779) – 251 days. It has allowed for the first time to estimate LDM of wintering individuals during autumn–winter season from EURT zone to adjacent territories and vice versa. It was found that S. uralensis are able to settle within 10800 m, M. rutilus – 9500 m, S. araneus – 9300 m. These data are the maximum recorded distance for these species. There is a predominance of females both among wintering settled animals and distant migrants. Probably LDM of females is evolutionary more favorable to population as they serve as the potential reserve of a genetic variety. LDM provides spatial and functional connectivity of mouse-sized mammal’s populations and possibility of genetic information exchange between population groupings on both the impact and background territories. The technique of group marking with bait containing RB has shown the efficiency at research of spatial structure of small mammals during the autumn-winter period. It is advisable to include it in monitoring system in areas of local technogenic pollution as well as to use it to calibrate samples of animals in the study of remote effects of radiating and other toxic effects.
Alternative assessment of methane’s contribution to the greenhouse effect
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Kantor G. Ya. ,   The Istitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syrchina N. V. ,   Vyatka State University
Published: February 2024

Methane is one of the greenhouse gases (GHG), the increase in the concentration of which in the atmosphere is of particular concern to environmentalists and climatologists. The main sources of CH4 emissions are the extraction and processing of hydrocarbon raw materials, cattle and sheep breeding, and rice cultivation. To reduce CH 4 emissions, various countries are making commitments aimed at reducing production volumes in their respective sectors of the economy. However, our estimates show that the contribution of methane to global warming accepted by the IPCC is greatly exaggerated. The simplest model of the greenhouse effect, presented in the works of S.M. Semenov, was used as the main tool for theoretical analysis. The values of the GHG absorption spectra are taken from the HITRAN database. The results obtained showed that the greenhouse effect and the formation of the average global temperature of the Earth’s surface are caused almost exclusively by two substances – water and carbon dioxide, while the total contribution of CH 4 and N2O does not exceed 1.4%. The results of the calculations provide grounds for a critical assessment of the widespread opinion about the high risk of current CH4 emissions from the point of view of global warming and the observed climate changes. Anthropogenic emissions of CH4 are estimated to be 9390 million tons per year in CO2 equivalent, or, taking into account the global warming potential of CH4 accepted by IPCC – 375.6 million tons per year. Of these, 30% (112.7 million tons) fall on the cattle breeding. With the complete cessation of milk and beef production, the decrease in the average global temperature due to the reduction of CH4 emissions will be less than 0.04 оC, which does not exceed 2.5% of the target limiting the growth of global warming at a level of no more than 1.5 оC.
Climatic modeling of the habitat suitability of Erythronium sibiricum (Fisch. et C.A. Mey.) Krylov
Authors:   South-Siberian Botanical Garden of Altai State University, Vaganov A. V. , Zholnerova E. A. ,   South-Siberian Botanical Garden of Altai State University, Zaikov V. F. ,   South-Siberian Botanical Garden of Altai State University, Shmakov A. I. ,   South-Siberian Botanical Garden of Altai State University
Published: February 2024

The Erythronium sibiricum (Fisch. et C.A. Mey.) Krylov (family Liliaceae L.) is an Altai-Sayan endemic, a relic of tertiary broad-leaved forests, predominantly a forest mesophyte. Erythronium sibiricum is listed in a number of regional Red Books and the Red Book of the Russian Federation (a rare species that is declining in numbers in natural populations). Maximum entropy method (MaxEnt) was used to constructing a model of suitability of Erythronium sibiricum habitat. The initial data for the modeling of potential distribution were the climatic parameters of WorldClim, the actual records from herbarium funds and from nature. It has been proved that E. sibiricum demonstrates a wide ecological amplitude. Modeling of the predicted habitats of E. sibiricum showed almost equal influence of the temperature factor (46,4%) and precipitation (41,8%) as restraining the expansion of the species range, which correlates with the distribution of E. sibiricum within the climate types according to Coppen-Geiger. These works are based on the study of the influence of climate, as one of factors for the successful introduction of plants. Data obtained on beautifully blooming E. sibiricum and methodological approach could be used for solving environmental problems in some regions of the Russian Federation.
Overview of the All-Russian Scientific Conference with international participation “Religion and power: the Church in an era of change — the search for ways of Church structure. Controversial problems in the modern history of the Russian Orthodox Church”
Authors: Буров А.А. , Балакшина Ю.В.
Published: February 2024

29–30 мая 2023 г. в Санкт-Петербурге Государственный музей истории религии и Свято-Филаретовский институт при поддержке Общества любителей церковной истории и Санкт-Петербургского отделения Российского общества интеллектуальной истории провели Всероссийскую научную конференцию с международным участием «Религия и власть: Церковь в эпоху перемен — поиск путей церковного устройства.

29–30 мая 2023 г. в Санкт-Петербурге Государственный музей истории религии и Свято-Филаретовский институт при поддержке Общества любителей церковной истории и Санкт-Петербургского отделения Российского общества интеллектуальной истории провели Всероссийскую научную конференцию с международным участием «Религия и власть: Церковь в эпоху перемен — поиск путей церковного устройства. Дискуссионные проблемы
UiO-66-NDC (1,4-Naphthalenedicarboxylic Acid): A Versatile Metal-Organic Framework-Based Catalyst for Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye Chemicals
Authors: Özcan Elif , Yatmaz Hüseyin Cengiz , Zorlu Yunus
Published: February 2024

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received significant attention for their use as photocatalysts and photocatalyst supports. These materials have a number of benefits, including stability, catalyst reusability, tunability, and the capacity for post-reaction separation. Here, the potential applications of UiO-66-NDC (1,4-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid) as a photocatalyst for the degradation of reactive orange 16 (RO16), methyl orange (MO), and rhodamine B (RhB) were investigated. Due to its large surface area, adjustable characteristics, stability, effective light absorption, capacity for charge separation, and adaptability in design, UiO-66-NDC was chosen for photocatalytic dye degradation. A solvothermal process was used to synthesize the UiO-66-NDC, and methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize its structure. The zeta potential was used to determine the surface charge. In order to conduct the photocatalytic tests, dye solutions with defined concentrations were exposed to UVA light irradiation in the presence of UiO-66-NDC. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to monitor the degradation process, which made it possible to calculate the degradation rate constants and the percentage of dye removal. The removal efficiency of adsorption, which was also examined, was at a minimum (17% for RO16, 48% for MO, and 25% for RhB). The degradation of the dyes by UiO-66-NDC showed excellent photocatalytic activity, with degradation rates for RO16, MO, and RhB of 93%, 94%, and 91%, respectively, and good reusability. The research determined that 300 mg/L of catalyst was the ideal level. Three successive cycles of using UiO-66-NDC as a catalyst have demonstrated its reusability. It was possible to remove 97% of RO16, 99% of MO, and 95% of RhB at a high starting dye concentration (20 mg/L).
Time-dependent deep learning manufacturing process model for battery electrode microstructure prediction
Authors: Galvez-Aranda Diego E. , Le Dinh Tan , Vijay Utkarsh , Zanotto Franco M. , Franco Alejandro A.
Published: February 2024

The manufacturing process of Lithium-ion battery electrodes directly affects the practical properties of the cells, such as their performance, durability, and safety. While computational physics-based modeling has been proved as a useful method to produce insights on the manufacturing properties interdependencies as well as the formation of electrode microstructures, their high computational costs avoid their direct utilization in electrode optimization loops. In this work, we report a novel time-dependent deep learning (DL) model of battery electrodes manufacturing process, demonstrated for calendering of NMC111 electrodes, and trained with time-series data arising from physics-based Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations. The DL model predictions are validated by comparing evaluation metrics (e.g. MSE and R2 score) and electrode functional metrics (contact surface area, porosity, diffusivity and tortuosity factor), showing very good accuracy with respect to the DEM simulations. Our DL model can remarkably capture the elastic recovery of the electrode upon compression (spring-back phenomenon) and the main 3D electrode microstructure features without using the functional descriptors for its training. Furthermore, our DL model has a significantly less computational cost that the DEM simulations, paving the way towards quasi-real time optimization loops of the 3D electrode architecture predicting the calendering conditions to adopt in order to obtain the desired electrode performance.
In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of the Antifungal Activity of Beta-cyclodextrin and Cinnamon Oil Inclusion Complexes against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense-TR4
Authors: Laurito Clarissa Beatriz , Pangan Lorenzo Gerard , Yanza Elliard Roswell , Hipolito Donna Salve , Lloren Ana Victoria
Published: February 2024

The Panama Disease-TR4 is a fatal disease of banana plants caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense-TR4 (Foc-TR4). Cinnamon oil has known antifungal properties, while beta-cyclodextrin has been proven to protect essential oils from degradation through encapsulation. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of cinnamon oil, and its beta-cyclodextrin complex against Foc-TR4, through their characterization, in vitro antifungal screening, and in silico docking analysis. The characterization of the complex yielded an encapsulation efficiency of 61.18%, an average particle size of 98.27 μm, while its calorimetry confirmed complex formation. Cinnamon oil, beta-cyclodextrin, and the complex were tested against Foc-TR4 through spread plate method against Ivagard (dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) in triplicate. Among the treatments, the complex exhibited significantly weaker antifungal activity, with only cinnamon oil comparable with Ivagard at α = 0.05. Cinnamaldehyde displayed favorable binding energies of -6.1 and -4.9 kcal/mol against the Foc-TR4 proteins, and -3.7 kcal/mol against beta-cyclodextrin. This implies that cinnamaldehyde can spontaneously form stable complexes with the Foc-TR4 proteins or beta-cyclodextrin. These findings suggest the potential of cinnamaldehyde, in cinnamon oil and even in the inclusion complexes, as a viable antifungal treatment against Foc-TR4.
The Application and Development of Shaanxi’s Local Traditional Culture in University Art Education
Authors: Wang Yana
Published: February 2024

Shaanxi, recognized as one of the significant cradles of Chinese civilization, boasts a profound cultural heritage and an abundance of intangible cultural assets. Within the realm of university art education, Shaanxi’s local traditional culture has been thoroughly excavated and effectively applied. This not only fosters the preservation and development of traditional culture but also infuses new vitality into university art education. This paper delves into the various ways in which Shaanxi’s local traditional culture is applied in university art education, encompassing aspects such as curriculum design, teaching methods, and event organization. Additionally, it references successful cases and explores their developmental value.
Safety Management in Chinese University Biochemical Laboratories: A Strategic Approach
Authors: Li Yizhe
Published: February 2024

This article examines safety management in Chinese university biochemical laboratories, emphasizing the need for improved safety awareness and standardized practices. The study analyzes challenges such as inadequate safety consciousness among researchers, risks associated with chemical reagents, and equipment-related hazards. Comparative insights are drawn from international safety management systems, particularly those in Australian universities. The research proposes solutions including the establishment of a laboratory admission system, strict management of chemical reagents, and the standardization of experimental instrument usage. The findings underscore the importance of rigorous safety protocols and preventive measures to mitigate accidents in university biochemical laboratories.
Preschool Teacher Development in China: Insights from Japan and South Korea’s Responses to Population Aging
Authors: Xu Wenyi
Published: February 2024

With the declining birth rate and the exacerbation of aging in China, the construction of preschool education teacher programs faces unprecedented challenges. To address these challenges, it is imperative to draw insights from the successful experiences and lessons of Japan and South Korea. Both countries have adopted different strategies in response to their population crises, particularly in the realm of preschool education teacher development. By conducting a comparative analysis of these strategies, the commonalities and differences can be identified. An urgent task is to improve the provision of nursery services for children under three years old, enhance incentives for childbirth, and establish an early warning mechanism for population trends to optimize the allocation of educational resources. Additionally, efforts should focus on enhancing the quality of teachers and expanding employment opportunities to mitigate the impact of the population crisis on the high-quality and balanced development of preschool education teachers.
Research on Issues and Paths in Patriotism Education for College Students in the New Era
Authors: He Jinmei
Published: February 2024

This article adopts a perspective rooted in the new era to elaborate on the significance of patriotic education for college students. It proposes innovative solutions to address existing problems in the educational content, methods, teacher teams, synergy, and assessment of patriotism education in this era. Emphasizing the consideration of contemporary characteristics and student changes, it strives to discover effective methods for cultivating patriotism among college students in the new era. The ultimate goal is to enhance college students’ awareness and behavior toward patriotism while fulfilling the fundamental educational task of nurturing moral character.
Enhancing Learners’ Performance in Grade 7 Mathematics Through 50-30-20 Exercise
Authors: Cerbito Joniel S.
Published: February 2024

Assessment exercises constitute a crucial component of the teaching and learning process, serving the purpose of gauging the degree to which learning objectives have been accomplished. This study aims to assess the mathematics performance of Grade 7 learners using the 50-30-20 exercise. Specifically, this study seeks to determine the learners’pre-test and post-test mean scores, identify significant differences between the pre-test and post-test results, evaluate learners’ exercises, and propose enhanced exercises. The research employs a quasi-experimental design, with 40 Grade 7 learners in the school year 2023–2024 as participants, selected through purposive non-random sampling. Statistical data analysis involves the use of mean, standard deviation, paired t-test, and Cohen’s D effect size. Ethical considerations were paramount, as evidenced by a letter of authorization from the school head outlining the strict adherence to voluntary participation, informed parental consent, anonymity, confidentiality, risk mitigation, results-sharing protocols, and the commitment to keeping research data confidential. The data yielded a remarkable outcome: the experimental group exhibited improvement in both the pre-test and post-test. This result substantiates the initial objective of the study, showcasing a noteworthy and favorable performance among the participants. Consequently, it suggests that a majority of the participants strongly agree that the 50-30-20 exercises contribute to enhancing their understanding and problem-solving skills, as well as their ability to grasp mathematical concepts and improve their overall performance in mathematics. Therefore, the 50-30-20 exercises not only facilitated students in understanding mathematics lessons but were also aligned with the Department of Education’s development plan.
Treaty and truth-telling: the next steps for Tasmania
Authors: Gibbins R
Published: February 2024

WARNING: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander readers are warned that this article contains references of deceased persons and content which may cause distress.

For over 60,000 years the Palawa people practised their sovereignty across this land of lutruwita. All of this changed with the arrival of the white man. The invasion radically changed us in a very short amount of time. Our culture was interrupted; our language, freedoms and country were taken from us, by force. Since British invasion the continuing intolerant, contemptuous views and actions of successive governments rendered us almost voiceless and powerless on our own Country. This meant that Palawa ownership, use and management of lutruwita lands were usurped through violence, ethnic cleansing, and exile. During and after the invasion, the Sovereign entitlements of the Palawa over this country were ignored. During the next 200 years of the occupation of lutruwita, the Palawa have been discriminated against and denied their human rights to exist as a people, to own their own heritage, to live and be treated with dignity in their country.

Transcript of a lecture delivered to the Royal Society of Tasmania, 4 December 2022
A very great idea? Acclimatisation of animals in Tasmania 1862–1895
Authors: Petrow Stefan
Published: February 2024

The organised acclimatisation of animals from one geographical region to another was a widespread movement from the mid-nineteenth century and was common in the Australasian colonies. Previous studies have underplayed or ignored Tasmania’s acclimatisation experience as shown by the activities of the Tasmanian Acclimatisation Society, formed in 1862 by a small band of enthusiasts for cultural and economic motives. Tasmanian acclimatisers introduced pheasant, partridge, quail, rabbit, hare and deer for hunting, and sparrows and starlings for the familiarity of their songs and to kill insects. When introduced animals reacted in unexpected ways and became pests, it demonstrated the limits of scientific knowledge, the adaptability of introduced species, and the vulnerability of native species and the Tasmanian landscape to new arrivals. Always evoking ambivalent attitudes, critical assessments, most notably by Morton Allport and Louisa Anne Meredith, focused on acclimatisation’s unthinking interference with nature for selfish reasons and its agricultural and ecological impact. Newspapers provide the major source to reveal the motivations and actions of acclimatisers and evidence shows that trial and error acclimatisation proved not to be the ‘very great idea’ that enthusiasts claimed.
Dynamics of soil carbon status at the early stage of barley plant growth under the influence of soil bioactivation agents
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Zanilov A.Kh. , Aznaeva M.R.
Published: February 2024

Under the conditions of a 24-day model experiment on soil samples of ordinary chernozem (Corg=3.6%, pH=7.4), the effect of biopreparations on the biological activity and on the dynamics of the content of two forms of soil organic matter (Chwl and Corg) was evaluated. Based on the results of theeffectof the used biopreparations on the intensity of substrate-induced soil respiration, they can be classified as means of biological activation of soil. The biological activity of the soil increased in the Rizoplan-Sporex-Bisolbi-Trichosan-Baktofit series when the biopreparations were applied to the soil before sowing, varying in the range of 57–156.7 μl CO2/h/g of soil, while the indicator in the reference variant was 28.6 μl CO2/h /g soil. The bioactivation agents show a pronounced ability to destroy soil organic matter, which is expressed in a reduction of the gross carbon content. The fraction of organic carbon extracted by hot water is negatively correlated with plant biomass (r = –0.845), which may indicate the involvement of this fraction in the direct formation of biomassat the early stage of barley plant development. At the same time, the carbon of the microbial biomass is characterized by a weak correlation with the plant biomass (r=0.298) in the period studied.
Analysis of the immunoreactivity of avenins in oats (Avena sativa L.) cultivated in Western Siberia
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Lyubimova A.V. , Eremin D.I.
Published: February 2024

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease that occurs in genetically susceptible people after eating prolamin-containing grains. The only cure for celiac disease is a lifelong glutenfree diet, but adherence to this diet can also have a negative impact on health. A good solution may be to include oat products in such a diet. However, different oat varieties differ in their immunogenicity, and studying the immunoreactivity of their prolamins to identify gluten-free genotypes is of utmost importance. The aim of the research was to assess the immunogenicity of varieties and promising breeding lines of oats cultivated in the Tyumen region in the period from 1929 to 2023 for use in the selection of gluten-free varieties. The amount of gluten in the grain was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using test systems based on the use of R5 and G12 antibodies. It was found that none of the samples showed immunoreactivity to the R5 antibody. Using the G12 antibody, all the varieties analyzed were found to be gluten-free, with gluten content ranging from 2.14 (Nidar) to 9.55 (TM 16–58–4) mg/kg. The variety Orel deserves special attention, as the gluten content of its grain is less than 2 mg/kg. This genotype is promising for inclusion in the breeding process to produce glutenfree varieties. The average gluten content in the samples of local selection is 5.23±0.678 mg/kg and significantly exceeds this index in foreign and non-regional varieties, which is associated with the introduction of more allergenic varieties in crossbreeding. The immunogenicity of varieties is associated with specific alleles of avenin-coding loci. Alleles A11, B11 and C2 may be promising as markers for gluten-free varieties. For the successful development of breeding of gluten-free oat varieties, it is necessary to analyze the allelic state of avenin-coding loci of the original genotypes and to determine their gluten content with the G12 antibody.
A Class of Non-Bazilevic Functions Subordinate to Gegenbauer Polynomials
Authors: Al-Rawashdeh Waleed
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a class non-Bazilevic functions that associated by Gegenbauer Polynomials. The coefficient estimates of functions belonging to this class are derived. Moreover, we obtain the classical Fekete-Szegö inequality of functions belonging to this class.
Aspect-based Argument Generation in Russian
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia, Goloviznina Valeriya , Fishcheva Irina , Peskisheva Tatiana , Kotelnikov Evgeny
Published: February 2024

The paper explores the argument generation in Russian based on given aspects. An aspect refers to one of the sides or property of the target object. Five aspects were considered: "Safety", "Impact on health", "Reliability", "Money", "Convenience and comfort". Various approaches were used for aspect-based generation: fine-tuning, prompt-tuning and few-shot learning. The ruGPT-3Large model was used for experiments. The results show that traditionally trained model (with fine-tuning) generates 51.6% of the arguments on given aspects, with the prompttuning approach – 33.9%, and with few-shot learning – 10.6%. The model also demonstrated the ability to generate arguments on new, previously unknown aspects.
Whose word? Problems of lexicographic representation of ideologically marked words (the lexicon of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict)
Authors:   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Levontina Irina , Shmeleva Elena
Published: February 2024

The article deals with the problems of presenting ideologically marked words in the dictionary. It is based on the analysis of the words that appeared in the Russian language or received new meanings during the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The difficulty of the lexicographic representation of such words is that their evaluative potential is mobile, for example, offensive nicknames can be assimilated by “offended” ones and become neutral words. Ideologically marked words can either exist in the lexicon for a long time or be quickly replaced by other lexical units. Therefore, in the interpretation of ideologically marked words, it is advisable to indicate the approximate time of their existence. In addition to temporary indicators, in the dictionary entry of such words, it is necessary to indicate whose word it is, that is, on whose behalf an assessment is given to a person or event. Since we believe that explanatory dictionaries should contain not only common names, but also proper names, the article also discusses geographical names.
Parameter-Efficient Tuning of Transformer Models for Anglicism Detection and Substitution in Russian
Authors: Lukichev Daniil , Kryanina Darya , Bystrova Anastasia , Fenogenova Alena , Tikhonova Maria
Published: February 2024

This article is devoted to the problem of Anglicisms in texts in Russian: the tasks of detection and automatic rewriting of the text with the substitution of Anglicisms by their Russian-language equivalents. Within the framework of the study, we present a parallel corpus of Anglicisms and models that identify Anglicisms in the text and replace them with the Russian equivalent, preserving the stylistics of the original text.
Autocorrelations Decay in Texts and Applicability Limits of Language Models
Authors:   Higher IT School, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia, 634050 NTR Labs, Moscow, Russia, 129594, Mikhaylovskiy Nikolay , Churilov Ilya ,   NTR Labs, Moscow, Russia, 129594
Published: February 2024

We show that the laws of autocorrelations decay in texts are closely related to applicability limits of language models. Using distributional semantics we empirically demonstrate that autocorrelations of words in texts decay according to a power law. We show that distributional semantics provides coherent autocorrelations decay exponents for texts translated to multiple languages. The autocorrelations decay in generated texts is quantitatively and often qualitatively different from the literary texts. We conclude that language models exhibiting Markovian behavior, including large autoregressive language models, may have limitations when applied to long texts, whether analysis or generation.
Named Entity-Oriented Sentiment Analysis with text2text Generation Approach
Authors:   NRC “Kurchatov Institute” Moscow, Russia, Moloshnikov Ivan , Skorokhodov Maxim , Naumov Aleksandr , Rybka Roman , Sboev Alexander
Published: February 2024

Named Entity-Oriented Sentiment Analysis with text2text Generation Approach.
Russian additive markers takže and tože: a synchronic and diachronic perspective
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities/Moscow, Russia HSE University, Pekelis Olga E.
Published: February 2024

It is well known that Russian additive markers takže and tože differ in terms of information structure: the scope of takže is focus, while the scope of tože is topic. Based on data of several corpora of Russian, this paper shows that in modern Russian, takže and tože are opposed on other language levels as well, namely syntactically (in terms of word order), lexically (a variant of takže that is synonymous with tože including at the level of the information structure, is going out of use), stylistically and as far as their involvement in grammaticalization processes is concerned (takže but not tože developed into a coordinate conjunction and a discourse marker). However, as evidenced by Russian National Corpus data, most of these contrasts were absent or less pronounced in the Russian language of the 18th-19th centuries. Thus, in the last two centuries takže and tože evolved toward their consistent differentiation.
The CoBaLD Annotation Project: the Creation and Application of the full Morpho-Syntactic and Semantic Markup Standard
Authors: Petrova Maria , Ivoylova Alexandra , Bayuk Ilya , Dyachkova Darya , Michurina Mariia
Published: February 2024

The current paper is devoted to the Compreno-Based Linguistic Data (CoBaLD) Annotation Project aimed at creating text corpora annotated with full morphological, syntactic and semantic markup. The first task of the project is to suggest a standard for the full universal markup which would include both morphosyntactic and semantic patterns. To solve this problem, one needs the markup model, which includes all necessary markup levels and presents the markup in a format convenient for users. The latter implies not only the fullness of the markup, but also its structural simplicity and homogeneity. As a base for the markup, we have chosen the simplified version of the Compreno model1 , and as data presentation format, we have taken Universal Dependencies. At the second stage of the project, the Russian corpus with 400 thousand tokens (CoBaLD-Rus) has been created, which is annotated according to the given standard. The third stage is devoted to the testing of the new format. For this purpose, we have held the SEMarkup Shared Task aimed at creating parsers which would produce full morpho-syntactic and semantic markup. Within this task, we have elaborated neural network-based parser trained on our dataset, which allows one to annotate new texts with the CoBaLD-standard. Our further plans are to create fully annotated corpora for other languages and to carry out the experiments on language transfers of the current markup to other languages.
HAlf-MAsked Model for Named Entity Sentiment analysis
Authors:   MTS AI, Podberezko Pavel , Kaznacheev Andrey , Abdullayeva Sabina , Kabaev Anton
Published: February 2024

Named Entity Sentiment analysis (NESA) is one of the most actively developing application domains in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Social media NESA is a significant field of opinion analysis since detecting and tracking sentiment trends in the news flow is crucial for building various analytical systems and monitoring the media image of specific people or companies. In this paper, we study different transformers-based solutions NESA in RuSentNE-23 evaluation. Despite the effectiveness of the BERT-like models, they can still struggle with certain challenges, such as overfitting, which appeared to be the main obstacle in achieving high accuracy on the RuSentNE-23 data. We present several approaches to overcome this problem, among which there is a novel technique of additional pass over given data with masked entity before making the final prediction so that we can combine logits from the model when it knows the exact entity it predicts sentiment for and when it does not. Utilizing this technique, we ensemble multiple BERTlike models trained on different subsets of data to improve overall performance. Our proposed model achieves the best result on RuSentNE-23 evaluation data and demonstrates improved consistency in entity-level sentiment analysis.
Bimodal sentiment and emotion classification with multi-head attention fusion of acoustic and linguistic information
Authors:   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dvoynikova Anastasia , Karpov Alexey
Published: February 2024

This article describes solutions to couple of problems: CMU-MOSEI database preprocessing to improve data quality and bimodal multitask classification of emotions and sentiments. With the help of experimental studies, representative features for acoustic and linguistic information are identified among pretrained neural networks with Transformer architecture. The most representative features for the analysis of emotions and sentiments are EmotionHuBERT and RoBERTa for audio and text modalities respectively. The article establishes a baseline for bimodal multitask recognition of sentiments and emotions – 63.2% and 61.3%, respectively, measured with macro F-score. Experiments were conducted with different approaches to combining modalities – concatenation and multi-head attention. The most effective architecture of neural network with early concatenation of audio and text modality and late multi-head attention for emotions and sentiments recognition is proposed. The proposed neural network is combined with logistic regression, which achieves 63.5% and 61.4% macro F-score by bimodal (audio and text) multitasking recognition of 3 sentiment classes and 6 emotion binary classes.
que é catalogação?
Authors: Reis Filipe , Ortega Cristina Dotta
Published: February 2024

A Catalogação é uma das etapas do processo documentário, motivo pelo qual seus aspectos conceituais fornecem parâmetros às práticas profissionais. A pesquisa teve como objetivo explorar a produção de conceitos sobre Catalogação, com o fim de identificar aspectos considerados mais marcantes. Com uma abordagem qualitativa, caracterizada como exploratória e descritiva, buscou-se na literatura do campo textos que apresentam, no mínimo, um conceito de catalogação. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio dos seguintes procedimentos: a) seleção de conceitos de Catalogação na literatura do campo; b) exame dos conceitos de Catalogação levantados; e c) sistematização dos conceitos de Catalogação. Foram encontrados 38 documentos, dentre livros, artigos, dissertações e teses, relativos ao período de 1904 a 2022. Como considerações finais, foi identificado que os conceitos de Catalogação são em geral baseados em definições curtas e pouco refletidas, apresentando disparidades entre si na caracterização do processo, disparidades essas pouco estudadas.