bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“How can I seek a consultation if I don’t have a high fever ?”: Barriers to Mental Healthcare Access for Women in the Perinatal Period in Rwanda
Authors: Providence M. Umuziga  , Darius Gishoma  , Hynie Michaela  , Laetitia  Nyirazinyoye  , Gerard Nyiringango
Published: September 2024

BackgroundLiterature highlights barriers to mental healthcare access in the perinatal period, but none specific to Rwanda. The unique historical context of the genocide against the Tutsi may present distinct challenges. This study aimed to identify these barriers in Rwanda.MethodsThis study employed a qualitative interpretive descriptive approach as part of a multi-method investigation. Four focus group discussions were conducted with 31 perinatal women, and 32 individual interviews were conducted with healthcare providers, including community health workers. Data were analysed thematically. ResultsBarriers were identified at multiple levels. At the individual level, barriers included low literacy about perinatal mental health symptoms, minimizing negative experiences, fear of being stigmatized, ignorance about the availability of mental health services in the perinatal period, and economic challenges. Family and social-cultural barriers included stigmatization of people with mental health problems, minimization of what happened by friends and family, and lack of support from partners and friends. Institutional and structural barriers included limited services, misdiagnosis, heavy workloads, staff unawareness, and lack of training and guidelines for screening and reporting. ConclusionThis study identified barriers to perinatal mental healthcare at individual, family and social-cultural, institutional and structural levels. Addressing these barriers requires targeted strategies to improve perinatal mental healthcare access across all identified levels.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):302-318
Strategies to Sustain Interprofessional Collaboration in Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care in Rwanda: Perspectives of Healthcare Professionals and Hospital Managers
Authors: Assumpta Yamuragiye  , Aimable Nkurunziza  , Thierry Claudien Uhawenimana  , Jean Pierre Niyitegeka
Published: September 2024

IntroductionInterprofessional collaboration (IPC) is beneficial in delivering quality healthcare. Lack of IPC increases healthcare errors and work under stress. Despite its importance, achieving a desired IPC continue to be a challenge worldwide. In Rwanda, different maternal death audits identified poor IPC as one of the contributing factors. However, there is no study conducted to identify strategies to improve IPC in obstetric and neonatal care. Accordingly, this study explored the perspectives of healthcare professionals and hospital managers on strategies to sustain inter professional collaboration in EmONCMethodologyA qualitative descriptive study was conducted to explore suggestions and strategies to improve IPC in five hospitals in the northern province of Rwanda. Thirty interviews were conducted among general nurses, midwives, nurse anesthetists and medical doctors. To delve deeper into this study, additional interviews were conducted among hospital managers. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data.ResultsThe findings revealed that strategies to improve IPC practice were: Trainings on IPC; availability of resources; interprofessional conflict resolution; recognition and rewarding; open and constant communication and research.ConclusionBased on perspectives from different healthcare professionals working in obstetrics and neonatal units, and their managers, all staff need IPC training focusing on communication as one of important aspect in IPC practice. Regular audits should be conducted to ensure protocols are followed and IPC challenges are constantly identified and addressed. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):338-349
Kidnapping-Induced Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in an Elderly Nigerian Woman: Biopsychosocial Insights and Cognitive Processing Therapy Outcomes
Authors: Tajudeen Abiola  , Olugbenga Ola Fajimolu
Published: September 2024

BackgroundIn Nigeria, the rising prevalence of kidnapping incidents has led to significant psychological impacts on victims. This study explores the biopsychosocial consequences of kidnapping-induced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in an elderly Nigerian woman and assesses the efficacy of Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) as a therapeutic intervention.ObjectivesTo examine the psychological aftermath of kidnapping through a biopsychosocial lens and evaluate the outcomes of CPT in treating PTSD symptoms in a 65-year-old Nigerian woman.MethodsAn elderly Nigerian woman who experienced a kidnapping event, was assessed for PTSD using the Acute Stress Disorder Scale and PTSD Checklist (PCL). She underwent six sessions of CPT, and her progress was evaluated using the PCL, Brief Resilience Scale and Spirituality Self-Rating Scale.ResultsThe patient initially exhibited severe PTSD and acute stress disorder. After the intervention, her PTSD symptoms significantly reduced from severe to moderate levels. Additionally, her resilience and spirituality scores increased, indicating an overall improvement in her psychological state.ConclusionThe case highlights the significant psychological impact of kidnapping and effectiveness of CPT in reducing PTSD symptoms. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating resilience and spirituality into holistic treatment strategies for managing the psychological effects of traumatic experiences like kidnapping.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):380-385
A Comparative Study of Mental Health Challenges in Parents of Children with Genetic versus Non-Genetic Conditions in Rwanda
Authors: Tuyishimire Benjamin , Niyonsenga Japhet , Mutamuliza Janvière , Kanazayire Clementine , Ntete Jeanne Marie , Mutesa Leon , Mutabaruka Jean
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThis study addresses a critical gap in research by examining the psychosocial impact on parents of children with genetic diseases compared to those with non-genetic conditions. While existing literature mainly focuses on medical aspects, it overlooks the emotional and mental health challenges faced by these parents.ObjectivesThe main objective was to investigate and compare levels of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, parenting stress, self-esteem, and intimate partner violence between parents of children with genetic diseases and parents of children with non-genetic conditions.MethodA cross-sectional comparative study was conducted with 100 caretakers of children with genetic diseases and 109 caretakers of patients with non-genetic diseases. Data were collected using standardized measures of self-esteem, intimate partner violence, perceived stress, and the Parenting Stress. Independent sample t-tests were performed to compare the means between the two groups.ResultsParents of children with genetic diseases exhibited significantly higher levels of depression (t(207) = 5.683, p < 0.001), anxiety (t(207)= 6.107, p<0.001), perceived stress (t(207)=11.680, p<0.001), parenting stress (t(207)= 12.893, p<0.001), and intimate partner violence (t(207)= 10.617, p < 0.001) compared to parents of children with non-genetic conditions. Low self-esteem was also more prevalent in the case group (t(207)= -14.565, p<0.001).ConclusionThese findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive support systems to address the psychosocial challenges faced by parents and caregivers of children with genetic diseases. Recognition and targeted interventions for these issues can significantly enhance healthcare services, benefiting both patients and their parents.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):165-177
Baphia nitida ethanol leaf extract restores haematological and biochemical status in P lasmodium berghei passaged rats
Authors: Nkwocha Chinelo Chinenye , Nduka Florence Obiageli , Eze Christian , Ogbuonye Chisom , Azi Chidimma , Agbatai Helen , Nwafor Nkemakolam
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Baphia nitida ethanol leaf extract (BNELE) on heamatological and biochemical indices in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.
Methods: A total of thirty (30) male mice were divided into 6 groups comprising of 5 mice each. Group 1 was normal control, group 2 positive control, group 3 standard group while groups 4 - 6 received 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg of BNELE, respectively. Phytochemical analysis and antimalaria effect of BNELE were investigated using standard methods. Biochemical and haematological parameters of Plasmodium berghei - infected mice given various BNELE dosages were measured using standard techniques.
Results: At increasing doses (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg), BNELE produced 63.16, 39.50 and 52.86 % inhibition of parasitemia in P. berghei-passaged mice, respectively, comparable to 43.75 % by 80 mg/kg artemether, a first-line anti-malarial medication. There was significant increase in red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC) and hemoglobulin (HB) in mice administered varying doses of BNELE compared with those in group 2 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Baphia nitida ethanol leaf extract possesses antiplasmodial properties and aids the restoration of normal haematological and biochemical states in P. berghei-infected mice. However, further and more extensive in vivo studies to ascertain it full antimalarial potentials.
RAPD PCR genotyping of Enterococcus faecium isolated from urinary tract infection and correlation between biofilm formation with antibiotic resistance and virulence genes
Authors: Samani Roya Jafavzadeh , Tajbakhsh Elahe , Momtaz Hassan , Samani Mohsen Kabiri
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To examine the occurrence of virulence factors in Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs) and perform genotyping of the isolated strains using RAPD-PCR.
Method: A total of seventy-five (75) E. faecium strains isolated from UTIs underwent molecular and biochemical testing for verification. Sensitivity testing and identification of virulence factors were conducted using antimicrobial tests.
Results: Enterococcus faecium was detected in 53.57 % (75 out of 140) of urine samples in individuals suspected of having urinary tract infections. Additionally, all isolated strains demonstrated the ability to produce biofilm, with biofilm reactions observed in every E. faecium isolate. The strains exhibited either a strong (80 %), moderate (13.33 %) or weak (6.67 %) biofilm reaction. The highest antibiotic resistance in E. fascium isolates was related to penicillin and cotrimoxazole (83.33 and 80 %, respectively) while the lowest resistance was related to nitrofurantoin (26.67 %). The ebp C and ebp B were reported at 93.33 and 92 %, respectively, for E. faecium. The prevalence of ccf, cpd, cob and ebpA in E. fascium isolates was reported at 6.66, 13.33, 6.66, and 86.66 %, respectively. The RAPD-PCR analysis revealed the presence of 20 distinct molecular clusters, determined based on a similarity threshold of over 80 %.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the spread of multidrug-resistant E. faecium strains isolated from urinary tract infections (UTI). Being a quick and cost-effective method, RAPD typing has been used to show clonal relatedness and to trace possible sources of organisms for epidemiological purposes.
The role of capsaicin and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 gene activation in preventing kidney stone: A comprehensive review
Authors: Shalan Naeem , Khaleel Anas , Al‐Samydai Ali
Published: September 2024

Capsaicin is the primary alkaloid from capsicum plant (red chili pepper) and is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating multiple ailments. It activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) gene, leading to sodium and calcium influx into cells. This triggers the depolarization of nociceptive neurons, causing spiciness perception. Recent studies underscore the health benefits of red chili pepper extract. This investigation aims to understand capsaicin's potential in treating and preventing kidney stones. The potential link between capsaicin and decreased kidney stone risk was also determined. Recently published articles on capsaicin's medical properties and the underlying potential mechanisms were searched out. Relevant references were obtained by searching PubMed electronic databases from April 2020 to September 2020. The impact of parameters such as calcium and oxalate levels were evaluated as common components of kidney stones. Capsaicin may have an impact on body weight, which may have an indirect effect on the risk of kidney stones. Several theories centered around the regular consumption of capsaicin, including the role of TRPV1 gene stimulation have been presented in this study. Stimulation of the TRPV1 gene by capsaicin may protect against kidney stone development. Individuals with a history of kidney stones who incorporate capsaicin into their diet may experience a significantly reduced risk of recurring kidney stone disease. This review elucidates theories supporting this protective effect. The consistent daily intake of red chili pepper (capsaicin) has been associated with a diminished incidence of stone formation. Further research is essential to establish the efficacy and safety of capsaicin.
Oxymatrine inhibits proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by inhibiting miRNA-188 and upregulating its target gene, PTEN
Authors: Ma Xiaoying , Sang Zijiang , Zhang Qinghua , Ma Wenbiao
Published: September 2024

In the earlier published article, it was not indicated that there were authors who contributed equally to the work on the first page. This information is now provided as follows:
Xiaoying Ma and Zijiang Sang contributed equally to this work
New citation: Ma X, Sang Z, Zhang Q, Ma W. Oxymatrine inhibits proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by inhibiting miRNA-188 and upregulating its target gene, PTEN. Trop J Pharm Res 2021; 20(11):2267-2272 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v20i11.5  Erratum: 2024; 23(6): 1039 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ tjpr.v23i6.15
Earlier citation: Ma X, Sang Z, Zhang Q, Ma W. Oxymatrine inhibits proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by inhibiting miRNA-188 and upregulating its target gene, PTEN. Trop J Pharm Res 2021; 20(11):2267-2272 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v20i11.5
Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic micro-organisms in pediatric urinary tract infections
Authors: Leng Jing , Yang Jie
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibility in pediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Methods: 150 pediatric patients with UTI diagnosed and treated in Danyang People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, China between  January 2020 and December 2022 were enrolled. The distribution of pathogenic microorganisms was analyzed using microbial culture  and antimicrobial susceptibility test results obtained for major gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and  Klebsiella pneumonia). Based on adherence to antimicrobial susceptibility data, patients were divided into study (adhered to antimicrobial  susceptibility) and control groups (did not adhere to antimicrobial susceptibility). The efficacy of treatments was compared.
Results: A total of 184 strains of pathogenic microorganisms were cultured from the urine of the 150 patients. Gram-negative bacteria  accounted for 75.54 %, while gram-positive bacteria accounted for 24.46 %. Frequently encountered strains were Escherichia coli,  Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis. Major gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa  showed higher sensitivity to cefotaxime, imipenem, furantoin, cefepime-tazobactam and amikacin, while major Gram-positive bacteria  like Enterococcus faecalis showed higher sensitivity to vancomycin, imipenem and ampicillin-sulbactam. Clinical efficacy in the study  group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The distribution of pathogenic microorganisms in  pediatric UTIs is diverse, with Gramnegative bacteria being the most common pathogens. Further studies should expand the sample size and broaden the scope of study subjects to comprehensively investigate the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms in pediatric  urinary tract infections.
Effect of epidural pre-injection of low-dose chloroprocaine on analgesia during second parturition
Authors: Xiaotian Hong , Xiaotian Hong , Yuexiang Wu , Yike Zhou , Xinxin Min , Jingying Bao
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the anesthetic effect of epidural pre-catheterization with low-concentration chloroprocaine during the second parturition.
Methods: 180 second-trimester primiparas undergoing epidural analgesia in Maanshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,  Ma'anshan, China were randomly divided into 3 groups, viz, precatheterization with chloroprocaine (group A), routine chloroprocaine  (group B), and routine ropivacaine (group C), with 60 patients per group. The time of onset of analgesia, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, modified Bromage score (MBS) scores, neonatal 1- and 5-min Apgar scores, oxytocin use, number of cesarean sections, volume of  postpartum hemorrhage, and incidence of anesthesia-related complications were compared among the three groups.
Results: Onset time of anesthesia was significantly shorter in women in groups A and B than in group C (p < 0.05). The VAS scores at 5  and 15 min after analgesia were lower in groups A and B than in group C (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in VAS scores  among the three groups from 30 min after analgesia to the end of the first stage of labor (p > 0.05). There were also no significant differences in MBS scores, neonatal Apgar scores, oxytocin use, number of cesarean sections, volume of postpartum hemorrhage, and  incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Individualized mode of analgesia involving the  administration of low-concentration chloroprocaine to primiparas using an epidural catheter has timely onset of analgesia, good efficacy, high safety, rapid metabolism, and minimal adverse reactions. Further studies involving multiple centers and long-term follow-up are  necessary.
Molecular docking, ADMET, molecular dynamic simulation, synthesis, and preliminary antiproliferative study of 1,2,4- thiadiazole derivatives as possible histone deacetylase inhibitors
Authors: Ali Rusul Mohammed Hasan , Al-Hamashi Ayad A
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To develop new histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors with thiadiazole moiety as a zincbinding group.
Methods: Maestro software was utilized to design new HDAC inhibitors. The organic synthesis of compounds VIa-VIc was started with the  Williamson reaction between benzylic halide derivatives and methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate to form ethers IIIa-IIIb. The resultant ethers  were subjected to ester hydrolysis, followed by an amide reaction with 1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-amine to produce the final compound VIa-VIc.  The structures of synthesized compounds were characterized using NMR and FTIR spectroscopic techniques. Anti-proliferative activity on  colon cancer cells (HRT) was evaluated using MTT assay.
Results: Docking study revealed that compounds VIa-VIc had in silico binding affinity for HDAC enzymes, while MTT assay showed that  the IC50 values of VIa and VIc (1.00 and 1.44 µM, respectively) were comparable to IC50 of 3.00 µM for the reference compound,  vorinostat used in this study.
Conclusion: New potential HDAC inhibitors with a thiadiazole moiety as a possible zinc-binding group have  been successfully designed, synthesized and characterized. Results from preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation were highly promising. These  findings may be useful for developing novel therapeutic agents.
Roxadustat protects rats from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Arikan Cuneyt , Bora Ejder Saylav , Arda Duygu Burcu , Erbas Oytun
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the potential protective effect of roxadustat against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) by evaluating  biochemical markers, inflammatory parameters, renal function tests, and histopathological changes.
Methods: Thirty female Wistar rats were randomized into control group, cisplatin with tap water group, and cisplatin with roxadustat  group. Cisplatin-induced AKI was established by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin at 10 mg/kg for seven days. Roxadustat was  administered orally at 20 mg/kg/day to the treatment group. Blood and kidney samples were collected for biochemical and  histopathological analyses respectively.
Results: Roxadustat treatment significantly reduced markers of renal injury (malondialdehyde (MDA), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1),  neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1)), inflammatory cytokines (tumor  necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18)) compared to the cisplatin group (p < 0.005). In addition, roxadustat treatment also improved renal function (blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr)) compared to the cisplatin group  (p < 0.005). Histopathological examination revealed a significant decrease in tubular epithelial necrosis and luminal necrotic debris in the  roxadustat-treated group (p < 0.005). However, there was no significant difference in tubular dilatation and interstitial inflammation between groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Roxadustat significantly prevents cisplatin-induced AKI by attenuating renal injury, reducing inflammation, and improving  renal function. This evidence suggests that roxadustat may be a promising preventive option for patients receiving cisplatin  chemotherapy
Efficacy of tenofovir dipivoxil plus entecavir in patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Deng Xiang , Liu Hua , Jiang Zaihui
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) plus entecavir in patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B.
Methods: A total of 124 patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis who were hospitalized at The First People's Hospital of Jiangxia  District, Wuhan, China were chosen as the subjects. They were then randomized equally into study and control groups. Control group  received entecavir (0.5 mg orally) while the study group administered TDF (300 mg orally) daily for 48 weeks. Efficacy, liver function, inflammatory factors, liver fibrosis, and adverse reactions between the two groups were evaluated.
Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, HBeAg and HBV DNA negative seroconversion rates were significantly higher in the study group  compared to control group (p < 0.05). At 24 and 48 weeks after treatment, alanine transaminase (ALT) normalization rate, HBeAg and HBV  DNA negative seroconversion rate were also significantly higher compared to control group. Levels of heat shock protein 47  (HSP47), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and major basic protein (MBP) were significantly lower in study group compared to  control group. Levels of hyaluronan (HA), type IC collagen (IV-C), N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III (PIIINP), and laminin (LN)  were significantly lower in study group compared to control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in incidence of adverse  reactions between the two groups (p > 0 05).
Conclusion: The combination of ETV and TDF significantly inhibits hepatitis B virus  replication, and reduces inflammatory reactions. Further studies to determine the mechanism of action of tenofovir and entecavir on  hepatitis B virus would be required.
Effect of glucocorticoids on anti-infective efficacy and prognosis of children with bronchiolitis caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Authors: Jiang Fei , Mao Wenjie , Wan Yu , Yang Qianyuan , Fan Fei , Huang Zhiying
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effect of glucocorticoid administration on anti-infective efficacy and prognosis of children diagnosed with  bronchiolitis caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP).
Methods: 100 children from January 2021 to June 2023 diagnosed with MP- induced bronchiolitis at the Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,  Changzhou, China were randomized into study (n = 45) and control groups (n = 55). The study group received conventional medication  (azithromycin at 10 mg/kg on the first day followed by 5 mg/kg/day for 5 days) in addition to glucocorticoids, while control group  received the same conventional medication without glucocorticoids. The study group was treated with prednisone (2 mg/kg/day), once a day for 5 days. Inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels) before and after treatment, duration of  medication, disease course, clinical efficacy, and prognosis were compared.
Results: There was no significant difference in baseline  characteristics between both groups (p > 0.05). The study group showed significantly reduced CRP and PCT levels, shorter medication and  disease duration, and a higher efficacy compared to control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Administration of glucocorticoids in  addition to conventional medication in MP-induced bronchiolitis reduces levels of inflammatory markers, improves clinical symptoms,  and enhances efficacy. Future studies using prospective, randomized controlled trials, larger sample sizes that cut across multicenter  sites, standardized treatment protocols, and long-term follow-up will be required to more accurately confirm the safety and efficacy of  glucocorticoids in the management of MP-induced bronchiolitis.
Effect of N-acetylcysteine aerosol inhalation on serum levels of inflammatory factors and immune function in children with upper airway cough syndrome
Authors: Zhong Mengmeng , Zheng Nan , Huang Hui
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the influence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) aerosol inhalation on serum inflammatory factors and immune function  in children with upper airway cough syndrome (UACS).
Methods: 118 children with UACS who were on admission at Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,  China between September 2021 and February 2023, were enrolled in the study. They were assigned to control and study cohorts, with 59  patients per group. Control group received routine treatment (3 mL of normal saline via nebulized inhalation 2 times/day), while the  study group received 3 mL of NAC aerosol inhalation via nebulized inhalation 2 times/day. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks.  Thereafter, the two groups were compared with respect to total treatment effectiveness, cough symptom and Lund-Kennedy ratings,  levels of inflammatory factors (interleukin-13 (IL-13), interleukin-27 (IL-27), C-reactive protein (CPR)) and concentrations of immune function indices (CD3 + , CD4 + and CD8 + ) before and after treatment, and adverse reactions.
Results: Treatment effectiveness (efficacy)  was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in study cohort than in control cohort (89.83 vs 71.19 %). The 2 cohorts had significant reductions in  scores on cough symptoms and Lund-Kennedy, with smaller values in study cohort. In both groups, the levels of IL-13 and CPR were  decreased, while IL-27 level was increased. Levels of IL-13 and CPR in study group were significantly lower than those in control group,  while IL-27 level was significantly higher than that in control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: N-acetylcysteine aerosol inhalation enhances  curative effect, relieves clinical symptoms, reduces inflammation, and improves immunity in UACS children, and shows good degree of  safety. However, its long-term efficacy needs to be studied.
Impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) prophylactic vaccination on infertile male patients with HPV semen infection: A systematic review
Authors: Kanan Mohammed , Alotaibi Nawaf , Alshehri Rawan , Alhoqail Arwa , Abdulazim Kawther
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To characterize the impact of prophylactic vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) on infertile male patients with HPV semen infection.
Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. First, an  electronic search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases from 2018 to 2023 using specific keywords was conducted.  Thereafter, three authors independently screened the articles and removed duplicates. Following the acquisition of the papers, a quality  analysis was conducted using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Criteria.
Results: A total of 41 pregnancies were reported out of which 15.3 % were in control group and 38.9 % were in the vaccinated group (p <  0.05). The clearance of HPV DNA correlated significantly with a serum HPV antibody titer of ≥ 1:125 at initial examination. Compared with  individuals who tested negative for HPV, those who became seropositive at 12 (p = 0.039), 18 (p = 0.034) and 24 months (p = 0.034) had  fewer multiple infections and a lower incidence of HPV infection in semen.
Conclusion: Examination of the association between male  fertility and HPV reveals a clear correlation between HPV infection and male infertility, specifically asthenospermia and  oligoasthenospermia. Further studies are needed to fully understand the benefits of this approach in managing male infertility.
Modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways by natural products in osteoarthritis: Mechanisms, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Huynh Thu-Thao Thi , Quang Minh Trong , Vu Hai-Yen Thi
Published: September 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that is characterized by dysregulated inflammatory signaling that disrupts cartilage  homeostasis and presents a significant therapeutic challenge. Although current treatments primarily focus on symptom management,  this review explores the growing interest in anti-inflammatory natural products as potential disease-modifying therapies. This review  aims to: identify key inflammatory pathways as promising drug targets, summarize recent findings on natural products that modulate  these pathways, and discuss challenges and future directions. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as  PubMed and Web of Science, focusing on studies published in the last decade. Central to OA pathogenesis is persistent inflammation  resulting from cytokine /chemokine-driven catabolic signaling, which is exacerbated by the overactivation of NFκB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT  pathways. Numerous plant-derived compounds exert inhibitory effects on these inflammatory cascades through mechanisms including  NF-κB nuclear translocation suppression, MAPK phosphorylation blockade, and modulation of PI3K/AKT activity. However, clinical  translation faces several complexities, such as bioavailability, precise targeting, and disease heterogeneity. Addressing these challenges  using advanced technologies could enable the development of natural product-based OA therapeutics. Innovative research strategies are  needed to fully leverage the therapeutic potential of these compounds in the management of OA.
Immunomodulatory potential and toxicological assessment of methanol extract and fractions of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta root
Authors: Eze Chinelo C. , Agbo Martina C. , Emencheta Stephen C. , Eze Osita C. , Evurani Somtochukwu A.
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the paramunity induction potentials of crude methanol extract (CME) and methanol fractions (MF) of Cryptolepis  sanguinolenta (CS) root (Fam. Periplocaceae).
Method: A total of forty (40) albino rats were divided into two sets of four groups, with five animals per group. Groups 1 – 3 of both  animal sets were orally administered 200, 300 and 500 mg/kg bw of CME and MF, respectively once daily for 14 days. Furthermore, Group  4 of both sets served as negative control. The effect of extracts on early-type hypersensitivity (ETH), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), leukocyte count and haemagglutinin titer using sheep red blood cell (SRBC) as antigen were evaluated.
Results: Significant (p < 0.05)  body weight gains were recorded in the animal groups treated with the ME while no changes were observed in the relative organ weight  of all the animals in all the groups. Acute toxicity studies yielded no adverse effect. The CME and MF elicited significant (p < 0.05) increases and decreases in ETH and DTH, respectively, at all doses. They showed a significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent, stimulatory  effect on primary and secondary antibody titer across the treated groups. Packed cell volume and red blood cell count increased  significantly (p < 0.05), while a dosedependent increase occurred in neutrophil counts in rats receiving CME, but the MF-treated rats had significantly decreased (p < 0.05) neutrophil counts at 300 mg/kg compared to control. Both CME and MF did not affect lymphocyte  counts.
Conclusion: Cryptolepis sanguinolenta extract and MF produce significant stimulatory effects on humoral immunity (antibody)  with non-significant impact on cellular and innate immunity. Future studies will require isolation and characterization of the bioactive  compounds in the plant extracts.
Adsorption characteristics of Zn (ii), Pb (ii) and Cd (ii) ions from aqueous solution onto natural clay minerals
Authors: Umoren I. U. , James I. O.
Published: September 2024

Heavy metal contamination represents a significant environmental issue with adverse implications on ecosystems and human health. Natural clay minerals have unique properties providing good binding sites that make them effective in the removal of metal ions from water and other solutions. Information on the type of clay and sorption of heavy metal ions onto local natural clay minerals from Itu is scarce. Since the adsorption capacities vary depending on the metal and the type of clay, this study focuses on the nature of clay and the sorption mechanisms of Zn, Pb and Cd ions onto clay minerals. Analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy were employed to determine some quality parameters, mineral composition and concentration of clay mineral under investigation. The preliminary analysis, the XRD data revealed the dominance of kaolinite and quartz in the clay samples. Results of elemental analysis - CHNS showed significant levels ranging from 41.06 to 49.85% for Carbon, 3.60 to 4.97% for Hydrogen, 0.51 to 1.74% for Nitrogen and 0.23 to 0.89 % for Sulphur, and varies between 45% and 20%. Results showed that the Freundlich equation characterized Zn2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ sorption data with the regression coefficient, R2 values ranging between 0.1960 - 0.8655, 0.0106 - 0.8878 and 0.5852 - 0.9368 respectively for all four clay samples. Since the choice among model equations is often made based on the goodness of fit data, therefore, the Freundlich isotherm model provided the best choice for Zn, Pb and Cd sorption calculation against that of Langmuir model. Therefore, this study lays a solid foundation for investigating the efficacy of these minerals in adsorbing heavy metals such as Zn, Pb and Cd ions, vital for developing effective strategies in environmental remediation and water purification.
Infestation and abundance of fruit flies of mango and orange from selected markets in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Chikezie F.M. , Nnaji M.N. , Smidth S.F. , Akpan A.U.
Published: September 2024

Mangoes and orange fruits need important consideration if fruit production is to be successful and sustainable. Insect pests and diseases  threaten the profitability of mango and orange farming. In particular, fruit flies have become an increasingly prevalent insect in  Nigeria, owing to the damage incidence and economic losses, especially to the mango and orange value chains. This study was  conducted to determine the species composition, abundance and prevalence of fruit flies on mango and orange fruits from Akwa Ibom  State. Two (2) varieties of mango fruits comprising German and cherries types were gotten from 2 markets (Etinan urban and Itam  markets) while oranges were obtained from 3 markets (Akpan Andem, Itam and Mbiopkoro markets). Fruits were kept in the laboratory  in cups and covered in such a way as to keep them away from any other pests and prevent emerging fruit flies from escaping. The  samples were studied at ambient conditions and were incubated for up to 4 weeks until all the fruit flies emerged as adults. Three species  of fruit fly were identified from the different types of mango namely: Drosophila melanogaster, Bactrocera dorsalis and  Bactrocera papayae. Mango fruits from Etinan urban had the highest abundance of fruit flies infestation than those from Itam market  (81.7% and 18.3%) respectively. Among the fruit flies encountered during the study, Drosophilia melanogaster had the highest prevalence (95.4%) and the least was Bactrocera papayae (1.42%). Two species of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster and Bactrocera dorsalis) were  identified on oranges. Drosophila melanogaster was higher in abundance (79.38%) than Bactrocera dorsalis (20.62%). Oranges from  Mbiokporo were the most affected. Species diversity and evenness were slightly different amongst the 3 markets. The current study has  shown Mango and orange fruit flies infestation to be a serious threat to fruit production in Akwa Ibom State. Since the population of  these pests are detrimental to the economic values of mango and orange fruits, control measures should be put in place.
Dynamics of the population and biotic potentials of Aphyosemion gardneri (Boulenger, 1911) (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae) in a Nigerian rainforest pond
Authors: Ekwu A. O. , King R . P. , Akpan B. E.
Published: September 2024

The Population dynamics and biotic potential of Aphyosemion gardneri (Boulenger, 1911) were studied for twelve months in Mfangmfang Pond, an artificial rainforest pond in Uyo, Niger Delta, Nigeria using timed pond net catches as proxies of natural ecological population changes. The fish habitat was the air-water interface of the pond epipelagic zone of the vegetated littoral margin. The fish maintained a perennial population in the pond as shown by its occurrence in catches throughout the 12 months of the year. The catch abundance varied broadly (c. 18 – fold) from a minimum Nmin =16 in November to a maximum Nmax = 284 in May. The monthly mean catch was Nmean = 103. Monthly catch abundance was significantly correlated with habitat Phenological parameters (rainfall, air temperature, mean evaporation rate and photoperiod), Hydrophysical parameters (water level and transparency) and Hydrochemical parameters (dissolved oxygen concentration, free carbon dioxide, total alkalinity, total hardness, pH and conductivity). It is inferred that the pond's environmental factors contributed significantly to the observed population changes. A. gardneri attained a maximum total length of 55mm in Mfangmfang Pond. The length growth impetus was low at 0.33mm mo-1, thus resulting in a relatively high longevity estimate of Tmax = 14 yrs. The body size–catch abundance functions suggest the existence of a size-structured population. Monthly biotic potential (rmax 1 mo-1) and yearly biotic potential (rmax 2, yr-1) were computed for this A. gardneri population. Values of rmax 1 varied from a minimum of -1.881mo-1 in October to a maximum of + 1.960 mo-1 in May. Annual mean value was + 0.924 mo-1. Monthly values were significantly pond-level correlated with pond Limnological parameters, (surface temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and pH). The yearly biotic potential varied from a minimum of rmax 2 = -22.572 yr-1 in October to a maximum of rmax2 = 23.520yr-1 in May (mean rmax 2 = + 0.0686 yr-1). The January – December biotic potential estimates (rmax 1 = +0.895 mo-1; rmax 2 = + + 10.740 yr-1) indicate a moderately high population increase over the year, a trait which probably ensures population resilience and survival despite variations in environmental attributes.
On Newton and Lagrange Interpolation Method for first order ordinary differential equations
Authors: Udoh P.J. , Nsien E.F. , Abasiekwere U.A.
Published: September 2024

In the recent past, there has been a tremendous growth of the solution of differential equations using algorithmic methods. This work  deploys Newton’s interpolation polynomial method (NIPM) and Lagrange interpolation polynomial method (LIPM) to create cubic  polynomials for solving initial value problems of the first order. The results obtained show greater accuracy for the investigated method  when compared with some known methods in literature. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and applicability  of the technique.
Shannon information entropy with improved Kratzer potential under the effects of magnetic and Aharonov-Bohm flux fields
Authors: Isonguyo C. N. , Ituen E. E. , Okon I. B. , Udoh M. E. , Antia A. D. , Ikot A. N.
Published: September 2024

In this research article, the influence of magnetic and Aharonov-Bohm flux fields on Shannon entropy with improved Kratzer potential for Scandium fluoride (ScF) and hydrogen (H2) molecules are studied analytically and numerically for three low-lying states. The wave function and probability density which controls the chemical and physical properties of atomic and molecular systems have been obtained by solving the Schrodinger wave equation coupled with charged particle Hamiltonian via the Nikiforov-Uvarov functional analysis method. The total normalized wave function was expressed in terms of the hypergeometric function of Jacobi polynomials and then utilized to evaluate the Shannon entropy for two diatomic molecules in position and momentum spaces. The wave function and electronic densities were graphically analyzed. Our numerical results of Shannon entropies sum as applied to ScF and H2 were verified to obey the Shannon-entropy-based uncertainty relation. Observations from our results also reveal negative values of Shannon entropies in the position coordinates depicting high localization of particles and stability. In Addition, the effects of the external fields on the quantum systems were observed to influence the quantum information-theoretic measure by small decrements in the Shannon entropy values when compared to the case of the absence of the external fields, indicating a further improvement in the localization of particles and system's stability. This work has applications in atomic and molecular dynamic, molecular drug design, nanostructure processes, information technology, amongst others.
REDUCING NITROGEN OXIDES ON UNITS A3-A6 OF THE THERMAL POWER PLANT „NIKOLA TESLA A“ BY IMPLEMENTING SECONDARY METHODS
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Serbia, Živković Vladimir B. , Kljajić Miroslav V. ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Serbia, Milenković Aleksandar D. ,   ACTIV Project Management, Belgrade, Serbia, Jeremić Lazar D. ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Serbia
Published: September 2024

The use of coal, petroleum products, natural gas as well as municipal and industrial waste for energy production in combustion plants causes pollution emitted with flue gases. Nitrogen oxides (NOx), one of the main pollutants, are produced in large quantities, even under optimized combustion conditions. Due to the reaction of nitrogen oxides with other compounds in the atmosphere, ozone can be formed, resulting in the so-called summer smog. Other waste products, such as nitric acid, lead to acid rain and reach water and soil. This results in an increase in nitrates and a negative impact on people, vegetation and animals. Therefore, in most industrialized countries, laws have been passed to limit the emission of nitrogen oxides. At a time when the world is struggling with the preservation of the environment from the problems already mentioned, several methods have been developed to reduce nitrogen oxides at coal-fired thermal power plants, and they are divided into primary and secondary. The injection of ammonia releasing NOx reduction reagents is still a matter of debate after so many years since its first application. Bad application or the application of inadequate technologies to reduce nitrogen oxides leads to various negative side effects that can lead to unstable operation of the boiler and thus the entire unit outage. This paper provides an insight into the precise selection of the technology of secondary methods for the reduction of nitrogen oxides by Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) at boilers of thermal power plant „Nikola Tesla A“, on units A3-A6. A temperature mapping system is provided in the SNCR system itself, and its function is to prevent the injection of reagent into areas of unfavorable temperature. The indication of the temperature mapping system is processed by the control system, so reagent will always be injected only into zones with the required temperature of 880 – 1050°C. By choosing urea as the reagent, it will be possible to achieve a reduction of nitrogen oxides below thelimits prescribed by: the Terms of Reference 170 mg/m³, the Best Available Techniques for the Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution (BAT) 175 mg/m³, as well as the European Union Directive75/2010/EU and the Regulation on limit values of emissions of polluting materials into the air from combustion plants („Official Gazette of Republic of Serbia“, No. 6/2016 and 67/2021) 200 mg/m³ of dry flue gases at 6% O2.
NORM IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
Authors:   Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Janković Marija , Sarap Nataša ,   Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Krneta Nikolić Jelena ,   Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Dimović Slavko ,   Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Jelić Ivana ,   Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Rajković Maja ,   Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Šljivić-Ivanović Marija ,   Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: September 2024

Minerals and raw materials contain naturally occurred radionuclides from 238U, and 232Th decay series as well as 40K. These elements have always been present in the Earth’s crust and atmosphere. Industry uses many different raw materials that contain naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). These industries include: the coal industry, the oil and gas industry, metal mining, mineral sands, fertiliser (phosphate) industry, building industry, recycling. The emissions of radionuclides to air and water lead to the eventual exposure of humans. From that reason, knowing the exposures of the general public arising from emissions of naturally occurring radionuclides to the environment from industrial activities and knowing the radionuclide content of raw materials and wastes they generate, is very important.