bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early prediction of need for invasive mechanical ventilation in the neonatal intensive care unit using artificial intelligence and electronic health records: a clinical study
Authors: Kim Younga , Kim Hyeongsub , Choi Jaewoo , Cho Kyungjae , Yoo Dongjoon , Lee Yeha , Park Su Jeong , Jeong Mun Hui , Jeong Seong Hee , Park Kyung Hee , Byun Shin-Yun , Kim Taehwa , Ahn Sung-Ho , Cho Woo Hyun , Lee Narae
Published: October 2023

Background

Respiratory support is crucial for newborns with underdeveloped lung. The clinical outcomes of patients depend on the clinician’s ability to recognize the status underlying the presented symptoms and signs. With the increasing number of high-risk infants, artificial intelligence (AI) should be considered as a tool for personalized neonatal care. Continuous monitoring of vital signs is essential in cardiorespiratory care. In this study, we developed deep learning (DL) prediction models for rapid and accurate detection of mechanical ventilation requirements in neonates using electronic health records (EHR).

Methods

We utilized data from the neonatal intensive care unit in a single center, collected between March 3, 2012, and March 4, 2022, including 1,394 patient records used for model development, consisting of 505 and 889 patients with and without invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) support, respectively. The proposed model architecture includes feature embedding using feature-wise fully connected (FC) layers, followed by three bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) layers.

Results

A mean gestational age (GA) was 36.61 ± 3.25 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 2,734.01 ± 784.98 g. The IMV group had lower GA, birth weight, and longer hospitalization duration than the non-IMV group (P < 0.05). Our proposed model, tested on a dataset from March 4, 2019, to March 4, 2022. The mean AUROC of our proposed model for IMV support prediction performance demonstrated 0.861 (95%CI, 0.853–0.869). It is superior to conventional approaches, such as newborn early warning score systems (NEWS), Random Forest, and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) with 0.611 (95%CI, 0.600–0.622), 0.837 (95%CI, 0.828–0.845), and 0.0.831 (95%CI, 0.821–0.845), respectively. The highest AUPRC value is shown in the proposed model at 0.327 (95%CI, 0.308–0.347). The proposed model performed more accurate predictions as gestational age decreased. Additionally, the model exhibited the lowest alarm rate while maintaining the same sensitivity level.

Conclusion

Deep learning approaches can help accurately standardize the prediction of invasive mechanical ventilation for neonatal patients and facilitate advanced neonatal care. The results of predictive, recall, and alarm performances of the proposed model outperformed the other models.
SRSF2 is required for mRNA splicing during spermatogenesis
Authors: Lei Wen-Long , Du Zongchang , Meng Tie-Gang , Su Ruibao , Li Yuan-Yuan , Liu Wenbo , Sun Si-Min , Liu Meng-Yu , Hou Yi , Zhang Chun-Hui , Gui Yaoting , Schatten Heide , Han Zhiming , Liu Chenli , Sun Fei , Wang Zhen-Bo , Qian Wei-Ping , Sun Qing-Yuan
Published: October 2023

Background

RNA splicing plays significant roles in fundamental biological activities. However, our knowledge about the roles of alternative splicing and underlying mechanisms during spermatogenesis is limited.

Results

Here, we report that Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2), also known as SC35, plays critical roles in alternative splicing and male reproduction. Male germ cell-specific deletion of Srsf2 by Stra8-Cre caused complete infertility and defective spermatogenesis. Further analyses revealed that deletion of Srsf2 disrupted differentiation and meiosis initiation of spermatogonia. Mechanistically, by combining RNA-seq data with LACE-seq data, we showed that SRSF2 regulatory networks play critical roles in several major events including reproductive development, spermatogenesis, meiotic cell cycle, synapse organization, DNA recombination, chromosome segregation, and male sex differentiation. Furthermore, SRSF2 affected expression and alternative splicing of Stra8, Stag3 and Atr encoding critical factors for spermatogenesis in a direct manner.

Conclusions

Taken together, our results demonstrate that SRSF2 has important functions in spermatogenesis and male fertility by regulating alternative splicing.
Surgery for stage IIB–IIIB small cell lung cancer
Authors: Huang Zhida , Liu Yue , Wang Suyu , Ai Kaixing , Zhang Peng
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The NCCN guidelines do not recommend surgery for T3–4N0M0/T1–4N1–2M0 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) due to a lack of evidence.

Methods

Data of patients with T3–4N0M0/T1–4N1–2M0 SCLC were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to determine the impact of surgery on this population. The Kaplan–Meier method, univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression, and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to compare the overall survival (OS) between the surgery and non-surgery groups. In addition, we explored whether sublobectomy, lobectomy, and pneumonectomy could provide survival benefits.

Results

In total, 8572 patients with SCLC treated without surgery and 342 patients treated with surgery were included in this study. The PSM-adjusted hazard ratio (HR, 95% CI) for surgery vs. no surgery, sublobectomy vs. no surgery, lobectomy vs. no surgery, pneumonectomy vs. no surgery, and lobectomy plus adjuvant chemoradiotherapy vs. chemoradiotherapy were 0.71 (0.61–0.82) (P < 0.001), 0.91 (0.70–1.19) (P = 0.488), 0.60 (0.50–0.73) (P < 0.001), 0.57 (0.28–1.16) (P = 0.124), and 0.73 (0.56–0.96) (P = 0.023), respectively. The subgroup analysis demonstrated consistent results.

Conclusions

Lobectomy improved OS in patients with T3–4N0M0/T1–4N1–2M0 SCLC, while pneumonectomy also demonstrated a tendency to improve OS without statistical significance; however, sublobectomy showed no survival benefit.
Customer preferences heterogeneity toward avocado: a latent class approach based on the best–worst scaling choice modeling
Authors: Giuggioli Nicole Roberta , Merlino Valentina Maria , Sparacino Antonina , Peano Cristiana , Borra Danielle , Massaglia Stefano
Published: October 2023

Consumption of the avocado fruit and its availability in the retail market has increased in recent decades and with it the desire to learn more about the market and consumer choices. This research aims to explore the consumers' preference heterogeneity toward avocado fruit in Italy assessing their personal eating orientation and socio-demographic factors. To achieve this purpose, the answers of 817 Italian consumer of avocado were collected using a structured questionnaire shared online at national level. A survey based on the best–worst method was conducted to assess the declared preferences of individuals toward a set of intrinsic, extrinsic and credence attributes of avocado, as well as a latent class analysis of subject preferences indexes was applied to identify different clusters of individuals. The distribution of preferences indexes was investigated among latent classes, which were regressed on the socio-demographic variables covariates using multinomial logistic regression. The results suggest that the desirable attributes for choosing avocado were taste, consistency (ready to eat) and affordable price. In addition, five consumer profiles in the Italian context were defined (named Hedonistic, Avocado fruit lovers, Sustainability sensitive, Value for money and Health sensitive) and characterized in terms of preferences and socio-demographic features. The study addresses a topic that has already been explored, but with an unexploited approach (latent class analysis combined with best–worst choice modeling). Therefore, the results help fill the gap in the existing literature by enriching it with a study that characterizes avocado consumers' preferences considering their heterogeneity in terms of perception and socio-demographic characteristics.
Pet cats may shape the antibiotic resistome of their owner’s gut and living environment
Authors: Yang Yiwen , Hu Xinwen , Cai Shuang , Hu Nan , Yuan Yilin , Wu Yinbao , Wang Yan , Mi Jiandui , Liao Xindi
Published: October 2023

Background

Companion animals can contribute to the physical and mental health of people and often live in very close association with their owners. However, the antibiotic resistome carried by companion animals and the impact they have on their owners and living environment remain unclear. In this study, we compared the ARG profiles of cats, humans, and their living environments using metagenomic analysis to identify the core ARGs in the cat and human gut and explore the potential impact of cats on ARGs in the human gut through the environment.

Results

Results showed that the abundance of ARGs in the cat gut was significantly higher than that in the human gut (P < 0.0001), with aminoglycoside and tetracycline resistance genes being the dominant ARGs in the cat gut. There was no significant difference in the abundance of total ARGs in the guts of cat owners and non-owners (P > 0.05). However, the abundance of aminoglycoside resistance genes including APH(2'')-IIa and AAC(6')-Im was significantly higher in cat owners than that in non-cat owners (P < 0.001). Also, ARG abundance was positively correlated with the frequency of cat activity in the living environment. Enterobacteriaceae was the dominant ARG host co-occurring in the cat gut, human gut, and living environment.

Conclusions

Our results show that cats may shape the living environment resistome and thus the composition of some ARGs in the human gut, highlighting the importance of companion animal environment health.
Preventable tragedies: findings from the #NotAnAccident index of unintentional shootings by children
Authors: Cannon Ashley D. , Reese Kate , Tetens Paige , Fingar Kathryn R.
Published: October 2023

Background

Between 2015 and 2021, 3,498 Americans died from unintentional gun injuries, including 713 children 17 years and younger. Roughly 30 million American children live in homes with firearms, many of which are loaded and unlocked. This study assesses the scope of unintentional shootings by children 17 and younger in the US and the relationship between these shootings and state-level secure storage laws.

Methods

Demographic and injury data of both perpetrators and victims of unintentional shootings by children 17 and younger in the US from 1/1/2015–12/31/2021 were extracted from the #NotAnAccident Index. The #NotAnAccident Index contains media-report data, which is systematically flagged through Google Alerts. We describe characteristics of incidents and examine incident rates over time. The association between state-level secure storage laws and rates of unintentional shootings by children is assessed in multivariate negative binomial regression models.

Results

2,448 unintentional shootings by children resulted in 926 deaths and 1,603 nonfatal gun injuries over a period of seven years. Most perpetrators (81%) and victims (76%) were male. The mean age was 10.0 (SD 5.5) for shooters and 10.9 (SD 8.1) for victims. Children were as likely to shoot themselves (49%) as they were to shoot others (47%). The majority of victims were under 18 years old (91%). Shootings most often occurred in or around homes (71%) and with handguns (53%). From March to December 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, incidents increased 24% over the same period in 2019, which was driven largely by an increase among shooters ages 0–5. Depending on the type of law, rates of unintentional shootings by children were 24% to 72% lower in states with secure storage laws, compared to states without such laws.

Conclusions

Unintentional shootings by children are on the rise, particularly among children 0–5 years old, but are preventable tragedies. Our results show that secure firearm storage policies are strongly correlated with lower rates of unintentional shootings by children. Firearm storage policies, practices, and education efforts are needed to ensure guns are kept secured and inaccessible to children.
Counseling for opioids prescribed at discharge of hospitalized adolescent trauma patients
Authors: Mello Michael J. , Lee Lois K. , Christison-Lagay Emily , Spirito Anthony , Becker Sara , Bromberg Julie , Ruest Stephanie , Zonfrillo Mark R. , Scott Kelli , Pruitt Charles , Lawson Karla , Nasr Isam , Aidlen Jeremy , Baird Janette
Published: October 2023

Background

Expert consensus recommends prescription opioid safety counseling be provided when prescribing an opioid. This may be especially important for youth with preexistent alcohol and other drug (AOD) use who are at higher risk of developing opioid use disorder. This study examined the frequency that adolescent trauma patients prescribed opioids at hospital discharge received counseling and if this differed by adolescents’ AOD use.

Method

This study was embedded within a larger prospective stepped-wedge type III hybrid implementation study of AOD screening across a national cohort of pediatric trauma centers. Data were collected during 2018–2021 from admitted adolescent trauma patients (12–17 yo) at seven centers. Patient data were extracted from the electronic health record (EHR) on any prescribed discharged opioids, documentation of counseling delivered on prescribed opioid, who delivered counseling, and patients’ AOD screening results. Additionally, adolescents received an online survey within 30 days of hospital discharge that included asking about hospital discussions on safe use of prescription pain medication.

Results

Of the 247 adolescent trauma patients enrolled, 158 completed the 30-day survey. AOD screening results were documented in the EHR for 139 patients (88%), with 69 (44.1%) screening AOD-positive. Opioids at discharge were prescribed to 86 (54.4%) adolescent patients, with no significant difference between those screened AOD-positive and AOD-negative (42.4% vs. 46.3%, p = 0.89). Counseling was documented in the EHR for 30 (34.9%) of those prescribed an opioid and was not significantly different by sex, age, race, ethnicity or between adolescent patients with documentation of AOD use (29.3%) versus those who did not (33.3%, p = 0.71). According to the adolescent survey, among those prescribed an opioid, 61.2% reported someone had talked with them about safe use of newly prescribed pain medications with again no difference between AOD-positive and AOD-negative screening results (p = 0.34).

Conclusions

Although adolescent trauma patients recalled discussions on safe use of prescribed pain medication more often than was documented in the EHR, these discussions were not universal and did not differ if adolescents had screened positive or negative for AOD use as documented in the EHR.

Trial Registry: clinicaltrials.gov NCT03297060.
Revolutionizing ocular drug delivery: recent advancements in in situ gel technology
Authors: Paul Susanta , Majumdar Subhabrota , Chakraborty Mainak
Published: October 2023

Background

Ophthalmic in situ gel is a novel preparation. It can be instilled into the eye as a liquid but gels upon contact with the ocular surface, generating a sustained-release depot of the drug.

The main body of the abstract

Among drug delivery modalities, ocular drug administration requires careful study and parameter assessment. This is because the eyes are sensitive and require careful care. Conventional ocular administration techniques quickly eliminate formulated compounds, minimizing epithelial interaction. This review covers polymers used in ocular medication delivery, their uses, and their drawbacks. The in situ gelling mechanism converts liquid formulations into gels under certain physiological or environmental conditions. When they contact the ocular surface, in situ ocular gels undergo this transformation for medication administration. Different mechanisms drive this change, depending on the gel's formulation and desired properties. Temperature-, pH-, and ion-induced gelation are common processes of in situ ocular gel formation. The medicine's physicochemical qualities, desired drug release kinetics, ocular environment, and patient comfort determine the mechanism. Researchers can create ocular gels that transport medications, improve bioavailability, and increase patient compliance by carefully formulating and understanding the in situ gelation mechanism. These polymers are useful in prodrug research and ocular penetration enhancement. The article thoroughly discusses polymeric systems and creates a viable ophthalmic drug delivery formulation.

Short conclusion

In conclusion, in situ ocular gels advance ocular medication delivery. These gels overcome various difficulties of current delivery strategies for ocular therapeutics and provide a diverse and effective platform. In situ gelling, where the liquid formulation becomes a gel when it contacts ocular tissues, improves medication retention, bioavailability, and contact time.
Changing fire regimes in East and Southern Africa’s savanna-protected areas: opportunities and challenges for indigenous-led savanna burning emissions abatement schemes
Authors: Croker Abigail R. , Woods Jeremy , Kountouris Yiannis
Published: October 2023

Background

Late dry-season wildfires in sub-Saharan Africa’s savanna-protected areas are intensifying, increasing carbon emissions, and threatening ecosystem functioning. Addressing these challenges requires active local community engagement and support for wildfire policy. Savanna burning emissions abatement schemes first implemented in Northern Australia have been proposed as a community-based fire management strategy for East and Southern Africa’s protected areas to deliver win–win-win climate, social, and biodiversity benefits. Here, we review and critically examine the literature exploring the design and application of savanna burning emissions abatement schemes in this region, characterizing their contextual and implementation challenges.

Results

We show that the application of Northern Australian savanna burning methodologies in East and Southern Africa tends to adopt centrally determined objectives and market-based approaches that prioritize carbon revenue generation at the national level. The exclusive prescription of early-dry season burns in African mesic savannas prone to woody thickening can compromise savanna burning objectives to mitigate late-dry season wildfires and their greenhouse gas emissions in the long-term, as well as present multiple biodiversity trade-offs in the absence of formal metrics monitoring species’ responses to changes in fire regime. These features restrict indigenous participation and leadership in fire management, creating uncertainties over the opportunities for local income generation through carbon trading. Findings suggest that future savanna burning applications will need to address asymmetries between formal institutions and local land governance systems, explicitly acknowledging colonial legacies in institutional arrangements across protected areas and hierarchies in agrarian politics that threaten processes of equitable decentralization in natural resource management.

Conclusion

We argue that the effective transfer of the Northern Australian fire management model is limited by a lack of long-term ecological and emissions data and political and institutional barriers, and is hindered by the region’s recent colonial history, population growth, and consequences of rapid climatic change. To provide a community-based strategy, savanna burning schemes need to establish context-specific legal frameworks and implement Free, Prior, and Informed Consent to safeguard the roles and responsibilities of indigenous and local people and their distribution of carbon benefits.
Recent progresses of collagen dressings for chronic skin wound healing
Authors: Shi Shuangni , Wang Lili , Song Chen , Yao Linyan , Xiao Jianxi
Published: October 2023

The skin plays a fundamental role in regulating the body’s internal balance and protecting against external traumas. A broad variety of environmental risk factors frequently result in acute skin wounds, whose inappropriate treatments would lead to chronic skin wounds that are difficult to heal. Traditional dressings have been widely used to repair chronic skin wounds, however their drawbacks such as insufficient hemostatic efficacy and non-moist environment have severely limited their clinical applications. As the principal component of skin, collagen has always been a research hotspot in the field of chronic skin wounds due to its advantages of low antigenicity, high biocompatibility and superior bioactivity. Collagen-based dressings have been increasingly developed to heal the chronic wounds during the past decades, arising from their capability in decreasing protein and electrolyte losses in wound exudate, preventing bacterial contamination, permitting less painful dressing changes, and improving the healing quality. This review overviews recent progress of collagen dressings for chronic skin wound healing. Various commonly used wound dressings for wound management have been first introduced. Collagen wound dressings have been categorized as films, sponges, hydrogels, nanofibers, and powders, and their efficacy has been compared. The critical functions of collagen dressings in wound healing, such as stopping bleeding, shortening inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, and stimulating tissue regeneration have been elaborated. The clinical applications of collagen dressings to repair different types of chronic wounds have been thoroughly summarized. A comprehensive list of commercialized collagen dressings has been updated, and an outlook of collagen dressings have been finally speculated.

Graphical Abstract
Clinical, physiological, and radiological different phenotypes of COPD patients
Authors: Galal Islam , Rabie Zeinab , Ahmed Shazly , Mhsb Ahmed Hamdy , Kotb Samah
Published: October 2023

Background

COPD is a heterogeneous lung disorder with multiple phenotypes and endotypes. This study aimed to identify the diverse clinical, physiological, and radiological phenotypes of COPD. Moreover, to provide whether there was a possible relation between FEV1%, FVC%, and FEV1/FVC ratio, [both before and after broncho-dilation with the diameters of the airway at three diverse levels throughout both inspiratory and expiratory phases of respiration].

Results

This study included 50 cases, that were classified according to the radiological phenotypes into 5 groups [29 cases (58%) were mild [centrilobular emphysema) CLE)], 8 cases (16%) were moderate CLE, 5 cases (10%) were [confluent emphysema (CON)], 5 cases (10%) were [advanced destructive emphysema (ADE)] and 3 cases (6%) were [para septal emphysema (PSE)]. There was no considerable variance in the frequency of COPD clinical phenotypes among the diverse radiological phenotypes. There was a moderate positive correlation between the predicted FEV1% and the corresponding inter-luminal diameter at the selected levels (RB1, and LB3) in the inspiratory phase of respiration (P < 0.001 and p = 0.001 respectively) (r = 0.58, 0.46 respectively). and there was a moderate positive correlation in the expiratory phase of respiration between the predicted FEV1% and the equivalent inter-luminal diameter at the selected levels (RB1, and LB3) (P < 0.001 respectively) (r = 0.62, 0.51 respectively).

Conclusions

We confirmed that COPD is a highly heterogeneous illness, with multiple diverse clinical, physiological, and radiological phenotypes. Furthermore, HRCT can well be allied with pulmonary function tests (PFT).
Efficacy and Safety of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Patients With HER2-Expressing Solid Tumors: Primary Results From the DESTINY-PanTumor02 Phase II Trial
Authors: Meric-Bernstam Funda , Makker Vicky , Oaknin Ana , Oh Do-Youn , Banerjee Susana , González-Martín Antonio , Jung Kyung Hae , Ługowska Iwona , Manso Luis , Manzano Aránzazu , Melichar Bohuslav , Siena Salvatore , Stroyakovskiy Daniil , Fielding Anitra , Ma Yan , Puvvada Soham , Shire Norah , Lee Jung-Yun
Published: October 2023

PURPOSE

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)–directed antibody-drug conjugate approved in HER2-expressing breast and gastric cancers and HER2-mutant non–small-cell lung cancer. Treatments are limited for other HER2-expressing solid tumors.

METHODS

This open-label phase II study evaluated T-DXd (5.4 mg/kg once every 3 weeks) for HER2-expressing (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 3+/2+ by local or central testing) locally advanced or metastatic disease after ≥1 systemic treatment or without alternative treatments. The primary end point was investigator-assessed confirmed objective response rate (ORR). Secondary end points included safety, duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

RESULTS

At primary analysis, 267 patients received treatment across seven tumor cohorts: endometrial, cervical, ovarian, bladder, biliary tract, pancreatic, and other. The median follow-up was 12.75 months. In all patients, the ORR was 37.1% (n = 99; [95% CI, 31.3 to 43.2]), with responses in all cohorts; the median DOR was 11.3 months (95% CI, 9.6 to 17.8); the median PFS was 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.6 to 8.0); and the median OS was 13.4 months (95% CI, 11.9 to 15.5). In patients with central HER2 IHC 3+ expression (n = 75), the ORR was 61.3% (95% CI, 49.4 to 72.4), the median DOR was 22.1 months (95% CI, 9.6 to not reached), the median PFS was 11.9 months (95% CI, 8.2 to 13.0), and the median OS was 21.1 months (95% CI, 15.3 to 29.6). Grade ≥3 drug-related adverse events were observed in 40.8% of patients; 10.5% experienced adjudicated drug-related interstitial lung disease (ILD), with three deaths.

CONCLUSION

Our study demonstrates durable clinical benefit, meaningful survival outcomes, and safety consistent with the known profile (including ILD) in pretreated patients with HER2-expressing tumors receiving T-DXd. Greatest benefit was observed for the IHC 3+ population. These data support the potential role of T-DXd as a tumor-agnostic therapy for patients with HER2-expressing solid tumors.
Introduction: Widening the Space of Politics
Authors: Aedo Angel , Bernasconi Oriana , Martínez Damián Omar , Olivari Alicia , Pairican Fernando , Porma Juan
Published: October 2023

This dossier proposes to explore the uprising as a critical event provoking unprecedented processes of political subjectivation and opening the field of action and influence to subjects who had been kept on the margins of the construction of history. This introduction begins by describing the social uprising that occurred in Chile in 2019, the largest cycle of protests since the end of the Pinochet era. It then discusses the notions of critical event and political subjectivation and the methods followed with the research participants. Finally, drawing on the three essays, the introduction identifies four dimensions of the critical nature of this event and its entanglements with the production of political subjectivation, namely, time, oikos, police, and politics.
A Politics of Care from the Margins of Chile's Social Uprising
Authors: Aedo Angel , Bernasconi Oriana , Martínez Damián Omar , Olivari Alicia , Pairican Fernando , Porma Juan
Published: October 2023

This essay addresses the Chilean social uprising of 2019 through the experiences of Marta and Juan, two residents of the peripheries of Santiago, who became involved in this event despite having no previous experience of participation in social and political organizations. It explores this event's strength in triggering contentious actions on the urban margins, and repression by the police-criminal apparatus of the state. Delving into the ethical and biographical dispositions facilitating this couple's politicization during the course of the revolt, it argues that the critical force of this event lies precisely in the entry of unexpected—even unwanted—actors into the political space. Through a biographical narrative approach, it details the shift of its protagonists. By way of subjectivation, this shift unfolds in them a critical attitude embodied in public interventions demanding equality and social justice and in acts of community and neighborhood solidarity. The case sheds light on a rarely explored dimension of social revolts: the way certain actors collectively experience these critical events through a politics of care, bringing the polis into the domestic space, and from such politicization of the oikos, opens an unusual way of challenging the police order of their world.
Courtesans in Military Uniforms: Martial Spectacles by Cross-Dressing Courtesans of Ŭiju in the Late Chosŏn Period
Authors: Park Hyun Suk
Published: October 2023

This article explores the martial spectacles that the courtesans of Ŭiju, a town on the border of Chosŏn and Qing, offered to envoys and government officials of Chosŏn in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Courtesans were deployed in the border towns by the Chosŏn government in order to provide entertainment honoring the envoys. Their performances, however, do not appear to be strictly aligned with their official obligation to glorify royal authority, as they developed into a repertoire of martial spectacles including a sword dance, horseback riding, a pseudomilitary inspection, and a group hunt. The article examines how the courtesans of Ŭiju cultivated their own performance repertoire by appropriating the heterogeneous resources of the local culture, which were often beyond the grasp of the dominant Confucian values, the hierarchies of gender and social status, and the dehumanizing power of state slavery.
Get Shown the Light
Authors: Kaler Michael
Published: October 2023

Of all the musical developments of rock in the 1960s, one in particular fundamentally changed the music’s structure and listening experience: the incorporation of extended improvisation into live performances. While many bands—including Cream, Pink Floyd, and the Velvet Underground—stretched out their songs with improvisations, no band was more identified with the practice than the Grateful Dead. In Get Shown the Light Michael Kaler examines how the Dead’s dedication to improvisation stemmed from their belief that playing in this manner enabled them to touch upon transcendence. Drawing on band testimonials and analyses of early recordings, Kaler traces how the Dead developed an approach to playing music that they believed would facilitate their spiritual goals. He focuses on the band’s early years, the significance of their playing Ken Kesey’s Acid Test parties, and their evolving exploration of the myriad musical and spiritual possibilities that extended improvisation afforded. Kaler demonstrates that the Grateful Dead developed a radical new way of playing rock music as a means to unleashing the spiritual and transformative potential of their music.
Repeat Cytoreduction and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Recurrent Mucinous Appendiceal Adenocarcinoma: A Viable Treatment Strategy with Demonstrable Benefit
Authors: Bhutiani Neal , Grotz Travis E. , Concors Seth J. , White Michael G. , Helmink Beth A. , Raghav Kanwal P. , Taggart Melissa W. , Beaty Karen A. , Royal Richard E. , Overman Michael J. , Matamoros Aurelio , Scally Christopher P. , Rafeeq Safia , Mansfield Paul F. , Fournier Keith F.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Many patients with mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma experience peritoneal recurrence despite complete cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Prior work has demonstrated that repeat CRS/HIPEC can prolong survival in select patients. We sought to validate these findings using outcomes from a high-volume center.

Patients and Methods

Patients with mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma who underwent CRS/HIPEC at MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2004 and 2021 were stratified by whether they underwent CRS/HIPEC for recurrent disease or as part of initial treatment. Only patients who underwent complete CRS/HIPEC were included. Initial and recurrent groups were compared.

Results

Of 437 CRS/HIPECs performed for mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma, 50 (11.4%) were for recurrent disease. Patients who underwent CRS/HIPEC for recurrent disease were more often treated with an oxaliplatin or cisplatin perfusion (35%/44% recurrent vs. 4%/1% initial, p < 0.001), had a longer operative time (median 629 min recurrent vs. 511 min initial, p = 0.002), and had a lower median length of stay (10 days repeat vs. 13 days initial, p < 0.001). Thirty-day complication and 90-day mortality rates did not differ between groups. Both cohorts enjoyed comparable recurrence free survival (p = 0.82). Compared with patients with recurrence treated with systemic chemotherapy alone, this select cohort of patients undergoing repeat CRS/HIPEC enjoyed better overall survival (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In appropriately selected patients with recurrent appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma, CRS/HIPEC can provide survival benefit equivalent to primary CRS/HIPEC and that may be superior to that conferred by systemic therapy alone in select patients. These patients should receive care at a high-volume center in the context of a multidisciplinary team.
The genome sequence of the Ruddy Flat-body, Agonopterix subpropinquella (Stainton, 1849)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Hammond James ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Agonopterix subpropinquella (the Ruddy Flat-body; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Depressariidae). The genome sequence is 667.9 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 28 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.5 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 18,796 protein coding genes.
The genome sequence of the Northern Summer Mayfly, Siphlonurus alternatus (Say, 1824)
Authors: Farr Andrew , Macadam Craig R. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Siphlonurus alternatus (the Northern Summer Mayfly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Ephemeroptera; Siphlonuridae). The genome sequence is 455.8 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 11 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 19.36 kilobases in length.
Developing an understanding of the nature of science in preschool primary teachers
Authors: Kikkas Aigi , Soobard Regina , Rannikmäe Miia
Published: October 2023

Tänapäeval on tähtis, et ühiskonnaliikmed mõistavad teaduse ja tehnoloogia olulisust. Siinse uuringu eesmärk oli disainida vastavalt klassiõpetajaks õppivate üliõpilaste senistele arusaamadele teaduse olemusest kõigile kohustuslik kursus, mis toetab arusaamise kujunemisest teaduse olemusest ning valmisolekut käsitleda sellega seotud aspekte üldhariduskoolis. Uuringus osalenud 27 klassiõpetaja eriala üliõpilase arusaamu selgitati välja varasemates uuringutes kasutatud küsimustikuga ning vastuste analüüsile tuginedes sisustati kursust teadusmetodoloogiliselt põhjendatud õppetegevustega. Kursuse lõpus koguti osalenutelt tagasisidet kursuse kohta. Andmeanalüüsis kombineeriti kvantitatiivset ja kvalitatiivset lähenemisviisi. Kursuse alguses tehtud küsimustiku tulemused näitasid, et klassiõpetaja eriala üliõpilastel on raske mõista teaduslike teadmiste olemust, kujutlusvõime rolli ja mitmekesiste uurimismeetodite kasutamist teaduses, kuid nad suhtusid toetavalt eelnimetatud aspektide käsitlemisesse üldhariduskoolis. Kursusel osalejad hindasid kõrgelt vaatluse olemuse ja teaduslike uurimismeetodite varieeruvuse mõistmisele suunatud õppetegevusi.
Summary
Developing collaborative problem-solving skills through inquiry-based learning
Authors: Rannastu-Avalos Meeli , Mäeots Mario , Siiman Leo
Published: October 2023

Loodusainete tundides lahendatakse loodusteadusliku sisuga probleeme enamasti uurimuslike tegevustega. Uuringu eesmärk on selgitada välja, mis toetab õpilaste tulemuslikku koostööd uurimuslikes tegevustes, ja anda loodusainete õpetajatele soovitusi, kuidas integreerida koostöise probleemilahendamise oskuse ning aine- ja uurimuslike teadmiste kujundamist. Uuringus osalesid 7. klassi õpilased (N = 44), kellel tuli nutitelefoni kasutades virtuaallaboris kaaslasega koostööd teha. Tulemusi analüüsiti kvalitatiivselt deduktiivse sisuanalüüsi ja kvantitatiivselt Hesse jt (2015) raamistiku järgi. Uuring näitab, et õpilased viib tulemusliku koostööni õpetaja juhitud klassiarutelu. Õpilaste meelest aitavad koostöisele probleemilahendamisele kaasa katsetamine, mitme variandi läbiproovimine ning üksteisega suhtlemine. Õpilased vajavad täpseid juhiseid, et edukaks uurimuslikuks õppeks analüütiliselt mõelda, ülesanne uuesti läbi vaadata, teemaga seotud küsimusi esitada ja/või tõenditel põhinevalt teaduslikult arutleda.
Summary
What drives them to drive? Mode choice for holiday travel in Poland and its determinants
Authors: Pielesiak Iwona , Bartosiewicz Bartosz , Wójcik Szymon
Published: October 2023

The article presents insights into holiday travel and its determinants in Poland. The purpose of the study was to analyze Polish citizens’ modal split and its determinants. Raw data from a pilot survey conducted in 2015 were used as the source material. To identify the determinants of travel mode choice for holiday trips, a multilevel multinomial logit model was utilized. This approach made it possible to include the hierarchical structure of the data, in which respondents are clustered within municipalities. The results reveal that apart from the decision-maker’s socioeconomic characteristics and household attributes, trip characteristics significantly determine Polish citizens’ choice of holiday travel mode. Moreover, the inclusion of municipality-level predictors substantially improved the accuracy of the model. The analysis revealed that the severity of the environmental consequences of motorized transport perceived by respondents also significantly influences their travel mode choice for holiday trips.
Ludowa bajka konkursowa – nowa forma folkloru?
Authors: Wróblewska Violetta
Published: October 2023

Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest prezentacja ludowej bajki konkursowej oraz próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy jest to nowa forma folkloru. Podstawę materiałową rozważań stanowią przekazy/teksty nadsyłane na konkursy ludoznawcze ogłaszane w latach 1955–1966 przez Muzeum Etnograficzne im. Marii Znamierowskiej-Prüfferowej w Toruniu, Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze – Oddział Toruń oraz Polskie Radio w Bydgoszczy. Z ponad 6 500 nadesłanych tekstów uwzględniono w badaniach jedynie bajki (ponad 350), które w założeniu organizatorów konkursów (łącznie odbyło się sześć) miały stanowić zapis tradycyjnych chłopskich przekazów. Wybrane opowieści, w większości realizacje znanych wątków opisanych w Polskiej bajce ludowej w układzie systematycznym przez Juliana Krzyżanowskiego, poddano analizie, wydobywając z nich cechy zarówno je łączące, jak i odrębne w stosunku do przekazów z przeszłości, aby scharakteryzować nowe zjawisko, z którym mamy do czynienia, czyli ludową bajkę konkursową.
“About God at war”. Forms and features of religious Internet folklore pertaining to the Russo-Ukrainian war
Authors: Koval-Fuchylo Iryna , Orszulak-Dudkowska Katarzyna
Published: October 2023

The article focuses on the issue of religious online folklore disseminated in connection with the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the popular social media platform Facebook (Ukrainian version), between April and June 2022. The aim of the analysis of the collected material presented in the text is to show the basic forms and functions of religious folklore in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian war, their relationship with other messages of religious content (prayers, appeals and supplications) and the specificity of Internet communication. The authors undertake to show the connections the studied messages exhibit with religious thinking and the Christian tradition on a verbal and visual level, as well as the identity of the Ukrainian people. They also point to the importance of Internet communication in times of helplessness and deep crisis.
Farmers and traders: two ethe of work, two conventions of storytelling in memory-based stories told by the Vilamovians about the Second World War and the post-war persecutions
Authors: Król Tymoteusz
Published: October 2023

The Vilamovians are an ethnic group living in the town of Wilamowice in the borderland of Silesia and Lesser Poland. Literature has presented them as a homogeneous group whose members were famous for being traders, yet in reality the Wilamowice community was divided into several social strata. Especially the two dominant ones – large farm owners and traders – represented different ethe, which influenced two storytelling conventions, one focused on trade, the other – on agriculture. These conventions are apparent in memory-based stories told by the Vilamovians. In the former, it is work that constitutes the central motif and is valued in itself; in the latter, work is only the means to an end, which is to acquire more wealth. Today, as a result of the fabulisation and folklorisation of the content disseminated in the media, the trade-oriented convention has become dominant. Meanwhile, the work-oriented convention was more popular among the older generation, and is still clearly discernible today in memory-based stories about the Volksliste and the post-war persecution of the inhabitants of Wilamowice. These stories, however, do not tell us how the Vilamovians really behaved, but about what values the narrators professed at the time of conveying the given message. Their form was influenced by the narrative tradition of the given community – be it ethnic or professional.
„Lepiej cały kufel wypić, aniżeli kroplę rozlać”. Spożycie alkoholu w świetle przysłów w językach hiszpańskim i polskim
Authors: Szymański Jakub
Published: October 2023

W artykule w ujęciu kontrastywnym przeanalizowano kwestie dotyczące spożycia alkoholu poruszane w zbiorach przysłów w dwóch językach (polskim i hiszpańskim w odmianie z Półwyspu Iberyjskiego i wariancie meksykańskim). Obejmują one m.in. przyjemność płynącą z picia alkoholu, aprobatę lub dezaprobatę wobec jego spożycia, stosunek do abstynencji i ludzi niepijących, a także skutki konsumpcji. Korpus stanowiący podstawę badań składa się z ponad 2 900 przysłów z zakresu jedzenia i picia, a część analityczna wykorzystuje metodologię prac kontrastywnych w dziedzinach paremiologii i frazeologii. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie zakorzenionych w kulturze i kulturowo motywowanych sądów i przekonań odzwierciedlonych w przysłowiach, a także zachęcenie do ogólnej refleksji nad wartościami przekazywanymi w paremiach. Wnioski płynące z analizy pozwalają dostrzec szereg podobieństw między językami i kulturami, ale ukazują również istotne różnice w podejściu do konsumpcji alkoholu, a dodatkowo także perspektywę, z jakiej były tworzone.
O potrzebie i początkach turystyki robotniczej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim w świetle programu i działalności Stowarzyszenia Polskich Robotników i Robotnic „Siła” (1908–1939)
Authors: Studnicki Grzegorz
Published: October 2023

W artykule omówiono popularyzację turystyki i sportu wśród młodzieży robotniczej Śląska Cieszyńskiego w pierwszych dekadach XX w. Analiza treści dotyczących aktywności fizycznej publikowanych w miesięczniku „Oświata” Polskiego Stowarzyszenia Robotniczego Oświatowo-Gimnastycznego „Siła” pozwala zaobserwować, w jaki sposób owa aktywność nabierała politycznego wymiaru, a jej formy, np. sport i turystyka, stawały się narzędziem emancypacji klasy robotniczej.
Help-and-Haggle: Social Commerce Through Randomized, All-or-Nothing Discounts
Authors: Yang Luyi , Jin Chen , Shao Zhen
Published: October 2023

This paper studies a novel social commerce practice known as “help-and-haggle,” whereby an online consumer can ask friends to help her “haggle” over the price of a product. Each time a friend agrees to help, the price is cut by a random amount, and if the consumer cuts the product price down to zero within a time limit, she will get the product for free; otherwise, the product reverts to the original price. Help-and-haggle enables the firm to promote its product and boost its social reach as consumers effectively refer their friends to the firm. We model the consumer’s dynamic referral behavior in help-and-haggle and provide prescriptive guidance on how the firm should randomize price cuts. Our results are as follows. First, contrary to conventional wisdom, the firm should not always reduce the (realized) price-cut amount if referrals are less costly for the consumer. In fact, the minimum number of successful referrals the consumer must make to have a chance to win the product can be nonmonotone in referral cost. Second, relative to the deterministic price-cut benchmark, a random price-cut scheme improves firm payoff, extracts more consumer surplus, and widens social reach. Additionally, in most instances, it also reduces the promotion expense while increasing profit from product sales at the same time. Third, help-and-haggle can be more cost effective in social reach than a reward-per-referral program that offers a cash reward for each successful referral. However, using the prospect of a free product to attract referrals cannibalizes product sales, potentially causing help-and-haggle to fall short. Yet, if consumers are heterogeneous in product valuations and referral costs or face increasing marginal referral costs, help-and-haggle can outperform the reward-per-referral program.

This paper was accepted by Elena Katok, operations management.

Funding: L. Yang acknowledges the Berkeley Haas Center for Growth Markets [2022 Grant Award]. C. Jin acknowledges the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund [Tier 1 Grant 251RES2101]. Z. Shao acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72071188]. All authors acknowledge the Networks, Electronic Commerce and Telecommunications (NET) Institute [2022 Summer Research Grant].

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4948 .