bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twenty-five practical recommendations in primary care dermoscopy
Authors: Chuh Antonio , Zawar Vijay , Fölster-Holst Regina , Sciallis Gabriel , Rosemann Thomas
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Dermoscopy in primary care enhances clinical diagnoses and allows for risk stratifications. We have compiled 25 recommendations from our experience of dermoscopy in a wide range of clinical settings. The aim of this study is to enhance the application of dermoscopy by primary care clinicians. For primary care physicians commencing dermoscopy, we recommend understanding the aims of dermoscopy, having adequate training, purchasing dermoscopes with polarised and unpolarised views, performing regular maintenance on the equipment, seeking consent, applying contact and close non-contact dermoscopy, maintaining sterility, knowing one algorithm well and learning the rules for special regions such as the face, acral regions and nails. For clinicians already applying dermoscopy, we recommend establishing a platform for storing and retrieving clinical and dermoscopic images; shooting as uncompressed files; applying high magnifications and in-camera improvisations; explaining dermoscopic images to patients and their families; applying toggling; applying scopes with small probes for obscured lesions and lesions in body creases; applying far, non-contact dermoscopy; performing skin manipulations before and during dermoscopy; practising selective dermoscopy if experienced enough; and being aware of compound lesions. For clinicians in academic practice for whom dermatology and dermoscopy are special interests, we recommend acquiring the best hardware available with separate setups for clinical photography and dermoscopy; obtaining oral or written consent from patients for taking and publishing recognisable images; applying extremely high magnifications in search of novel dermoscopic features that are clinically important; applying dermoscopy immediately after local anaesthesia; and further augmenting images to incorporate messages beyond words to readers.
A contrastive analysis of reports on North Korea’s missile program
Authors: Liang Weishan
Published: January 2020

The paper compares the representation of the November 2017 missile test in news reports by The New York
Times and China Daily. The U.S. reports embody to some extent a Cold War mindset by tending to
internationalize the issue and make itself appear as a victim of the crisis. Through the attribution of blame, the U.S. seeks to
evade its responsibilities and maintain its hegemonic status. The Chinese reports intimate that the crisis is mainly a problem
between the U.S. and the Korean Peninsula. These reports tend to present China as a responsible stakeholder seeking to help solve
the issue through communication and dialogue. The analysis of these differences is informed theoretically by perceived differences
in culture. The paper concludes that the discourse patterns of these reports index a rising China and a shift in the balance of
power in international politics.
Just call me Dave
Authors: Smith Angela
Published: January 2020

This paper seeks to show how male politicians can draw on performances of masculinity to appeal to voters. The
paper uses former UK Prime Minister David Cameron as an example of how performances of masculinity interact with the opportunistic
use of populist forms of political engagement. It argues that while Cameron’s performances of populism are often situated in
compatible policy initiatives such as the “big society”, we can also identify a more sustained deployment of masculine discourse
in “performances” of alignment with the people. This paper shows how these gendered performances of political leaders mirror
changes in society, while exploring how they can also be politically hazardous. Whilst the “new man” might appeal to Western
voters, this paper shows how Cameron draws on this performance of masculinity in his first term as UK prime minister; at the same
time, showing the limits to such appeal in an age of austerity.
What does a verb? Indicate sentence type
Authors: Speyer Augustin
Published: January 2020

An important task of the verb in German is to indicate sentence type. Depending on where the verb is positioned, the clause is a declarative (verb after the first constituent, which can be any constituent), wh-interrogative (verb after the first constituent, being the wh-phrase), yes/no-interrogative (verb in first position, bearing indicative or subjunctive mood) or imperative clause (verb in first position, bearing imperative mood). This system developed out of a system in which sentence type was indicated by clause-final sentence mood particles, as is usual in older Indo-European (and Semitic) languages. In declarative sentences, the verb-second syntax only came about shortly before the Old High German attestation sets in. We can trace the gradual development of the modern German verb-second syntax with variable prefield from a clear topic-comment structure to a more flexible structure.
Between life and death: strategies to reduce phototoxicity in super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Tosheva Kalina L , Yuan Yue , Matos Pereira Pedro , Culley Siân , Henriques Ricardo
Published: January 2020

Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) enables non-invasive, molecule-specific imaging of the internal structure and dynamics of cells with sub-diffraction limit spatial resolution. One of its major limitations is the requirement for high-intensity illumination, generating considerable cellular phototoxicity. This factor considerably limits the capacity for live-cell observations, particularly for extended periods of time. Here, we give an overview of new developments in hardware, software and probe chemistry aiming to reduce phototoxicity. Additionally, we discuss how the choice of biological model and sample environment impacts the capacity for live-cell observations.
Interoperability architecture for bridging computational tools: application to steel corrosion in concrete
Authors: Mir Zahid M , Friis Jesper , Hagelien Thomas F , Svenum Ingeborg-Helene , G Ringdalen Inga , Konchakova Natalia , Zheludkevich Mikhail L , Höche Daniel
Published: January 2020

A multiscale modelling framework, especially for corrosion modelling, requires not only robust computational tools but also an efficient datacentric architecture for handling information exchange at different modelling scales. Different computational solvers require and produce data in different programming languages and specific formats signifying a strong non-uniformity for an easy nexus with other solvers. This non-uniformity has created a need to focus on intermittent state-of-the-art datacentric software tools which aim to bridge data exchange heterogeneity across diverse set of solvers. Data organization in the form of metadata structures are presented as a standard for a coherent information representation regardless of the diverse nature of data formats specific to a scientific discipline. This fundamental work presents the concept, underlying terminology and working mechanism of a datacentric architecture tool SOFT5 for exchanging and interfacing data-flow between solvers and its present application to a concrete technology multiscale simulation network as a potential application.
Selective area formation of GaN nanowires on GaN substrates by the use of amorphous Al
x
O
y
nucleation layer
Authors: Sobanska Marta , Zytkiewicz Zbigniew R , Klosek Kamil , Kruszka Renata , Golaszewska Krystyna , Ekielski Marek , Gieraltowska Sylwia
Published: January 2020

Examples are presented that application of amorphous Al
x
O
y
nucleation layer is an efficient way of controlling spatial distribution of GaN nanowires grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. On GaN/sapphire substrates Al
x
O
y
stripes induce formation of GaN nanowires while a compact GaN layer is formed outside the stripes. We show that the ratio of nanowire length h to the thickness of the compact layer d can be tailored by adjusting impinging gallium and nitrogen fluxes. Calculations of the h/d aspect ratio were performed taking into account dependence of nanowire incubation time on the growth parameters. In agreement with calculations we found that the value of h/d ratio can be increased by increasing the N/Ga flux ratio in the way that the N-limited growth regime determines nanowire axial growth rate while growth of compact layer remains Ga-limited. This ensures the highest value of the h/d aspect ratio. Local modification of GaN growth kinetics caused by surface diffusion of Ga adatoms through the boundary separating the Al
x
O
y
stripe and the GaN/sapphire substrate is discussed. We show that during the nanowire incubation period gallium is transported out of the Al
x
O
y
stripe, which delays nanowire nucleation onset and leads to reduced length of GaN nanowires in the vicinity of the stripe edge. Simultaneously the growth on the GaN/sapphire substrate is locally enhanced, so the planar GaN layers adopts a typical edge shape of mesa structures grown by selective area growth. Ga diffusion length on a-Al
x
O
y
surface of ∼500 nm is inferred from our results.
In situ metal-organic chemical vapour deposition growth of III–V semiconductor nanowires in the Lund environmental transmission electron microscope
Authors: Hetherington Crispin , Jacobsson Daniel , Dick Kimberly A , Wallenberg L Reine
Published: January 2020

A new environmental transmission electron microscope has been installed in Lund in order to investigate the growth of III–V semiconductor nanowires by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition. We report here on the concepts behind the design of the facility and on details of the operation, and we refer to early results to highlight the new information that can be accessed from in situ studies. The installation includes a gas handling system that delivers the precursors to III–V semiconductor growth under controlled conditions. The core microscope is a Hitachi HF-3300S 300 kV transmission electron microscope with additional pumping that can handle up to 6 Pa of gas injected into the specimen area, or up to 400 Pa if an apertured lid is fitted to the holder. Various custom specimen holders incorporate precursor gas lines, a heating chip or a double tilt mechanism. The polepiece gap has been expanded to accommodate the holders, while the combination of an imaging aberration corrector and a cold field emission gun delivers a point resolution of 86 pm. Single images with atomic level detail are collected by one camera while another camera provides real-time video recording. A scanning unit offers high angle annular dark field and secondary electron images, and compositional microanalysis is performed with energy dispersive spectroscopy. In summary, III–V nanowires have been grown successfully in situ across a range of controlled conditions such as substrate temperature and precursor partial pressures. Atomic resolution images and movies, and spectroscopy data taken during this growth allow detailed measurements of structures, compositions and growth rates—data that are otherwise hard or impossible to obtain from ex situ studies—and further our understanding of the mechanisms of crystal growth.
The transient voltage response of ReBCO coated conductors exhibiting dynamic resistance
Authors: Brooks J M , Ainslie M D , Jiang Zhenan , Pantoja A E , Badcock R A , Bumby C W
Published: January 2020

Dynamic resistance can be observed in a superconducting tape carrying a DC current which is exposed to an oscillating magnetic field. This effect is attributed to the interaction between the transport current and moving fluxons, and can occur in various superconducting components including high temperature superconducting (HTS) flux pumps, fast-ramping magnets and HTS rotating machines. Although conventionally expressed in terms of a DC ‘resistance,’ the phenomenon is inherently transient in nature, and the voltage drop across the superconductor follows a time-dependent periodic waveform. Here we present experimental measurements of the dynamic resistance of different REBCO tapes carrying a DC current and exposed to an oscillating perpendicular field. Measurements of both the transient voltage waveforms and the time-averaged DC resistances are compared with numerical finite element simulations obtained using the H-formulation. We observe clear variations between the voltage response from different tapes, which can be understood in terms of their differing J
c(B, θ) dependence. In particular, a key feature of the experimentally measured waveforms is the emergence of a split ‘double peak’ at higher applied fields. Graphical visualisations of the finite element data show that this coincides with a periodic increase in J
c(B, θ) throughout the tape. This occurs during each cycle at those times when the applied field falls below the shielding threshold of the tape (as the penetrating field within the tape then approaches zero). Our findings show that models which assume a constant J
c irrespective of local field strength cannot capture the full range of behaviour observed by experiment. This emphasises the importance of employing experimentally measured J
c(B, θ) data when simulating transient effects in HTS materials.
Perceptions of Student about Use of Classical Learning Models Using Power Points
Authors: Asmar A , Delyana H
Published: January 2020

The use of classical learning models that have long been known among mathematics educators. The purpose of this study is to describe students’ perceptions of mathematics education on the use of classical learning models with power points in the learning process in class. This research is a qualitative research that reveals students’ perceptions of mathematics education study programs on the effectiveness aspects of classical learning models, student aspects, material aspects, and aspects of learning strategies through questionnaires and interviews to students consisting of two classes with a total of 66 students. Research subjects were involved in implementing Classical Learning models. The results of this study indicate that 77.27% of respondents agree that the use of classical learning models helps students understand mathematical concepts. As many as 65.15% of students agreed that all students, both low and high concept skills, needed learning using classical learning models. As many as 75.76% disagree that all mathematical material needs to be taught using classical learning models and as many as 63.64% of students think agree that special strategies are needed in teaching mathematics using classical learning models. The student’s perception will continue to be developed in studying mathematics learning strategy courses.
The Effect of Application Kumon Learning Method in Learning Mathematics of Ability Troubleshooting Mathematics of Students
Authors: Usmadi  , Agita Amelia , Ergusni
Published: January 2020

This study aims to determine students’problem solving abilities and to see the effect of applying Kumon learning methods to students’ mathematical problem solving abilities in linear program material in class X SMK N 2 Padangpanjang. The hypothesis of this study is “There is an influence of the application of the Kumon learning method to the ability of students to solve mathematical problems in linear program material in class X SMK N 2 Padang Panjang”. Based on the test results of the two mean differences for paired data obtained, that tCount = 11,42 > 1,699 = t(0,05;29), H0 rejected and H1 accepted. This means that the Kumon learning method influences students’ mathematical problem solving abilities in linear program material in class X SMKN 2 Padangpanjang. Conclusions of the results of the study that the application of the Kumon learning method affects the ability of students to solve mathematical problems on the subject of linear programming.
The Use of Preloved Products Based on Eksperiential Learning Towards Students’ Abilities in Formulating the Conjectures and Mathematical Justifications
Authors: Supriani Yani , Herman Tatang , Turmudi
Published: January 2020

This study is based on the fact that students have low abilities in formulating conjectures and mathematical justifications. In order to solve the problem, this study is carried out by utilizing preloved products based on experiential learning. This is a quasi design - an experimental through nonequivalent control group design by using purposive sampling technique. The populations of this study are the 7th grade students of junior high school in Serang City – Banten academic year 2018/2019. The samples are the 7th grade students of a junior high school in Serang. The instruments employed in this study are as follow : tests of formulating the conjecture and students’ mathematical justifications, attitude scales, and also observation sheets of teacher and students’ activities. Quantitative analysis is performed by applying the mean difference tests. The results of this study show these following things : (1) Students who are exposed to using preloved products based on experiential learning improve their ability in formulationg the conjecture better than those who are exposed to conventional learning approach in terms of total students and their prior levels of mathematical knowlede (high, medium and low); (2) Students who are exposed to using preloved products based on experiential learning improve their abilities in mathematical justifications better than those who are exposed to conventional learning approach in terms of total students and their prior levels of mathematical knowledge (high, medium, and low).
The Improvement of Community Knowledge about Tsunami Disaster in Sawarna Village, Bayah Subdistrict, Lebak Regency, Banten Province
Authors: Setiawan C. , Muzani  , Warnadi  , Akmal F.M , Ermalia
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to determine the improvement of community knowledge of the tsunami disaster before and after being given training. This study was located in Sawarna Village, Bayah Subdistrict, Lebak Regency, Banten Province. The population in this study was the Tourism Awareness Group (POKDARWIS). This research uses the descriptive quantitative method, while data was collected using a questionnaire for pre-test and post-test. The Paired Sample T-Test analyze was used to determine whether or not there was an improvement of community knowledge of the tsunami disaster after training. The results showed that there was a significant improvement in community knowledge about tsunami disaster after training. Therefore, similars training needed to be carried out continuously by both the government and non-governmental organizations.
Tourists’ Perception on Volcanic Hazard and Risk in Guci Hot Spring, Slamet Volcano, Indonesia
Authors: Wulan Mei Estuning Tyas , Harijoko Agung , Setiawan Nugroho Imam , Wijayanti Helvetia , Riasasi Widiana
Published: January 2020

Guci Hot Spring is one of the tourist destinations in Central Java Province renowned for its beautiful scenery as well as its health-healing benefit. In 2016, this touristic destination attracted more than 650.000 visitors, this number is growing each year. However, this touristic spot has its hidden hazard and risk of the Slamet Volcano eruption. The historical eruptions of this volcano, recorded since the 18th century, have shown that this volcano is known for its explosive type of eruption. Despite its potential hazard and risk, this hot spring area is growing continuously as a touristic spot. Therefore, this study aims to understand tourists’ perception on volcanic hazard and risk in this area, by interviewing 31 respondents using questionnaires. The results show that 74% of respondents are aware that Slamet Volcano has different potential hazards such as volcanic ashfall, lahars, lava and pyroclastic flows. Although Guci Hot Spring is located in Slamet volcanic hazard area, only a few tourists know this information (42%). Majorities of the respondents did not have any experience on volcanic disaster (68%). Most of the respondents did not get any information on Slamet volcanic hazard (58%), while others only get information through television and/or social media. Nevertheless, almost all of the respondents claimed that they will follow any instructions given by government or related institutions if any volcanic eruption occurs (97%). Therefore, awareness program towards tourists in the volcanic touristic spot should be strengthened through different means to give information on volcanic hazard, its risk as well as mitigation and crisis management.
Evacuation Route Mapping Based on Tsunami Hazard Area on Sawarna Tourist Village, Bayah, Lebak
Authors: Handawati R , Sucahyanto  , Martini S , Mataburu I , Auliani N R
Published: January 2020

Sawarna Village is a tourism village located on the southern coast of Lebak Regency, Banten and directly facing the Indonesian Ocean. The geographical location of Sawarna village might potentially affected by earthquake and tsunami disaster. Beside the local residents, tourists are also affected by the earthquake and tsunami. This research aims to determine the areas affected by the tsunami disaster and determining the evacuation route, especially the pathway from the location of attractions. Data obtained from the images of DEM IFSAR and Google Earth as well as field survey results. GIS analysis network was used as data analysis technique. The result showed the tsunami’s hazard area in Sawarna Village covers about 347.62 Ha, with a high risk level of 270.38 (77.78%). The tsunami hazard area covers all the sights and settlements along the coast, south of the village road and the border of the river. The evacuation direction of the tourist objects is straight away from the beach but away from the river. Meanwhile, the direction of evacuation in the settlement follows the road and away from the river to the nearby hill.
Space Composition of Mesolithic Caves Habitation in Karst Area “Bukit Bangkai” Tanah Bumbu, South Kalimantan: Wetland Archaeological Study
Authors: Suprapta Blasius , Nafi’ah Ulfatun , Subekti Arif
Published: January 2020

Geologically, the karst area of “Bukit Bangkai” is located in the southeastern part of the Meratus Karst Mountains, South Kalimantan. The landscape of the “Bukit Bangkai” karst area is partly in the form of karst hills and is inseparable from the swamp landscape which is adjacent to the river and the coast. In the karst area of “Bukit Bangkai”, numbers of cave habitations and rock shelters have been found. In the cave habitations area, numbers of Mesolithic devices have been found, food scraps which accumulate in kitchenmidden, the distribution of cave paintings and burials. Based on the research data, it can be stated that numbers of habitation caves and niches are Mesolithic residential caves. As a Mesolithic residence cave site, it has not yet been studied about the space composition of residential cave spaces that carry out the distribution of cave habitation for the sake of residential space, kitchenmidden space, rock paintings and burial space. In this research, it stated the structuring residential cave space in conjunction with the swamps or swamplands landscape. The renewal of the results of this study is about spatial planning of Mesolithic caves habitation in swamp environments. Previous research on structuring Mesolithic caves habitation was associated with dry land landscapes, such as Mesolithic cave habitation in the Maros-Pangkep area, South Sulawesi. Thus, the renewal of this research can be used as a reference for Mesolithic cave patterns in the swamp landscape landscape environment or swamplands.
UV/H2O2, UV/H2O2/SnO2 and Fe/H2O2 based advanced oxidation processes for the degradation of disperse violet 63 in aqueous medium
Authors: Bokhari Tanveer Hussain , Ahmad Noshaba , Jilani Muhammad Idrees , Saeed Muhammad , Usman Muhammad , Haq Atta Ul , Rehman Roeya , Iqbal Munawar , Nazir Arif , Javed Tariq
Published: January 2020

The photodegradation of disperse violet 63 dye was investigated in aqueous solution using UV/H2O2, UV/H2O2/SnO2 and Fenton reagent. The maximum decolorization was achieved in 60 min with 50 mg l−1 of dye concentration. The suitability of each process depends upon dye concentration. The photo degradation is very effective at low dye concentration. The degradation percentage increased by enhancing initial amount of hydrogen peroxide and UV irradiation time. The influence of operational parameters like pH, H2O2 concentration, catalyst amount and dye concentration were investigated. After 60 min reaction time, the maximum decolorization of disperse violet 63 with UV/H2O2, UV/H2O2/SnO2 and Fe/H2O2 was 81%, 92.7% and 96.4% respectively. The results indicated that Fenton process had more photocatalytic activity for degradation of disperse violet 63 dye than that of UV/H2O2 and UV/H2O2/SnO2. After 60 min, the comparative decomposition order was Fe/H2O2 > UV/H2O2/SnO2 > UV/H2O2. It may be concluded that Fenton process could possibly be used for the remediation of toxic pollutants from textile effluents.
Surface structural features and wear analysis of a multilayer Ti6Al4V-B4C thin film coated AISI 1040 steel
Authors: Malkiya Rasalin Prince R , Selvakumar N , Arulkirubakaran D , Christopher Ezhil Singh S , Ramkumar T , Kumar R Monish
Published: January 2020

The deprived wear resistance of AISI 1040 steel often results in higher wear rates. The best ways to upgrade their wear resistance are to introduce hard particle reinforcement to produce a metal matrix composite which can be used as a coating. In the present study Ti-6Al-4V-4B4C metal matrix composite coatings were coated on AISI 1040 steel using the magnetron sputtering process and their dry sliding wear behavior was studied at room temperature. The coating morphology was explored by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and AFM. The constant coating thicknesses of 80 nm and 115 nm were achieved for 0.5 h and 1 h coating duration, respectively. The effects of introducing B4C on the hardness, thermal behavior, wear, and friction characteristics were studied. The nano hardness and elastic modulus were attained by AFM nanoindentation technique which showed a maximum of 21.7 GPa and 218.4 GPa, respectively. It was proven that the adding of B4C increases the thermal stability of Ti-6Al-4V-4B4C coatings as well as modifies the oxidation mechanism. It is expected that the addition of B4C will improve the thermal behavior of thin film coatings for their practical application. Wear tests were executed by ball-on-disc wear tester with E-52100 sphere as the counterface at a sliding velocity of 2 m s−1 with 3 N load. Wear rate and coefficient of friction (CoF) reduced with an increase in load and sliding distances also composite coatings exhibited higher wear resistance within entire loading conditions, hereafter suggesting that it could be a favorable substitute to other hard coatings.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-ZTA cermet prepared by vacuum hot pressing sintering
Authors: Sun Da-Ming , Jiang Xiao-song , Sun Hong-liang , Song Ting-feng , Luo Zhi-ping
Published: January 2020

In this paper, seven copper-zirconia toughened alumina (Cu-ZTA) cermets were prepared by vacuum hot pressing sintering (VHP). The effects of different binder content and different particle size of ZTA particles on the mechanical properties of Cu-ZTA cermets were investigated. The microstructure of the composites was studied by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The hardness of the material was measured by micro Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the solid solution strengthening occurs in the hot pressing sintering process, the formation of copper-based solid solution increases the hardness of the matrix, the highest is  192.04 HV0.1. The ZTA particles are uniformly distributed in the matrix, and the surface of the ZTA particles is surrounded by a continuous coppermatrix and second phase. Two interfaces are formed between ZTA particles and Cu matrix. One is the ZTA/Cu interface formed by the substitution of Cu atoms for Ni atoms, it is a mechanical meshing interface which extends the service life of cermet under mechanical stress and thermal stress. The other interface is the reaction bonding interface of Cu3Ti3O and TiOx. The friction and wear test results show that the use of low-diameter ZTA particles and increasing the content of Cu binder will improve the friction and wear properties of Cu-ZTAcermet. Under the action of stress, the fracture occurs at the interface of Cu/ZTA, and the wear, fracture and extraction of ZTA ceramics cause the failure of Cu-ZTA cermet.
Corrosion behavior of aluminum in molten hydrated salt phase change materials for thermal energy storage
Authors: Zhao Tianyu , Munis Adnan , Rehman Ata Ur , Zheng Maosheng
Published: January 2020

The corrosion behavior of aluminum 1060 in hydrated salt phase change materials (PCM) melts comprised of Na2HPO4·12H2O - Na2SO4·10H2O was investigated through electrochemical tests as a function of pH. The pH of PCM medium was adjusted by adding H2SO4or NaOH. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals the existence of concentration difference layer at aluminum/PCM interface ascribed to the adsorption of PCM species and the formation of aluminum oxides. The observed anodic branch of DC polarization exhibits potential independence which is ascribed to the formation of surface oxide film and the accumulation of hydrogen molecules inside surface pores. The oxide film formed at neutral condition is characterized as the most compact and corrosion resistant while as the environmental pH shifts away from 7 the oxides/aluminum dissolution is accelerated and more aluminum 1060 substrate is exposed.
Hof1 plays a checkpoint-related role in MMS-induced DNA damage response in Candida albicans
Authors: Feng Jinrong , Islam Amjad , Bean Bjorn , Feng Jia , Sparapani Samantha , Shrivastava Manjari , Goyal Aashima , Omran Raha Parvizi , Mallick Jaideep , Whiteway Malcolm
Published: January 2020

Fifty-six strains from the GRACE collection were found to be sensitive to MMS upon repression. Deletion of the HOF1 gene renders sensitivity to genotoxic stress. Hof1 is genetically linked to the Rad53 pathway and is down-regulated in a Rad53-dependent manner. The importance of Hof1 in MMS response is reduced in a Rad23 or Rad4 mutant strain.
Angiomotin links ROCK and YAP signaling in mechanosensitive differentiation of neural stem cells
Authors: Kang Phillip H. , Schaffer David V. , Kumar Sanjay
Published: January 2020

The protein Angiomotin (AMOT) mechanistically links stiffness-sensitive Rho/ROCK signaling to Yes-associated protein (YAP) and β-catenin gene transcription to modulate neurogenesis. AMOT phosphorylation state functionally regulates AMOT localization and its interactions with F-actin and YAP.
Limited hydraulic adjustments drive the acclimation response of Pteridium aquilinum to variable light
Authors: Baer Alex , Wheeler James K , Pittermann Jarmila
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims

The success of invasive plants can be attributed to many traits including the ability to adapt to variable environmental conditions. Whether by adaptation, acclimation or phenotypic plasticity, these plants often increase their resource-use efficiency and, consequently, their fitness. The goal of this study was to examine the hydraulic and eco-physiological attributes of sun and shade populations of Pteridium aquilinum, a weedy fern, to determine whether the presence of vessels and other hydraulic attributes affects its success under a variety of light conditions.

Methods

Hydraulic traits such as cavitation resistance, hydraulic conductivity, photosynthesis and water potential at turgor loss point were measured on fronds from sun and shade populations. Anatomical and structural traits such as conduit diameter and length, stomatal density and vein density were also recorded. Diurnal measures of leaf water potential and stomatal conductance complement these data.

Key Results

Gas exchange was nearly double in the sun plants, as was water-use efficiency, leaf-specific conductivity, and stomatal and vein density. This was largely achieved by a decrease in leaf area, coupled with higher xylem content. There was no significant difference in petiole cavitation resistance between the sun and shade leaves, nor in xylem-specific conductivity. Hydraulic conduit diameters were nearly equivalent in the two leaf types.

Conclusions

Shifts in leaf area and xylem content allow P. aquilinum to occupy habitats with full sun, and to adjust its physiology accordingly. High rates of photosynthesis explain in part the success of this fern in disturbed habitats, although no change was observed in intrinsic xylem qualities such as cavitation resistance or conduit length. This suggests that P. aquilinum is constrained by its fundamental body plan, in contrast to seed plants, which show greater capacity for hydraulic adjustment.
Physical and social cues shape nest-site preference and prey capture behavior in social spiders
Authors: Najm Gabriella M , Pe Angelika , Pruitt Jonathan N , Pinter-Wollman Noa
Published: January 2020

Animals often face conflicting demands when making movement decisions. To examine the decision process of social animals, we evaluated nest-site preferences of the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola. Colonies engage in collective web building, constructing 3D nests and 2D capture webs on trees and fences. We examined how individuals and groups decide where to construct a nest based on habitat structure and conspecific presence. Individuals had a strong preference for 3D substrates and conspecific presence. Groups were then provided with conflicting options of 3D substrates versus 2D substrates with a conspecific. Groups preferred the 3D structures without presettled conspecifics over a 2D substrate with conspecifics. When a group fragmented and individuals settled on both substrates, the minority group eventually joined the majority. Before rejoining, the collective prey capture behavior of divided groups improved with the size of the majority fragment. The costs of slow responses to prey for split groups and weak conspecific attraction may explain why dispersal is rare in these spiders.
Single Dose of Doxycycline for the Prevention of Tick-borne Relapsing Fever
Authors: Binenbaum Yoav , Ben-Ami Ronen , Baneth Gad , Langford Boaz , Negev Yoav , Friedlander Edwa , Shasha David , Tau Luba , Paran Yael
Published: January 2020

The current postexposure prophylaxis regimen for tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) consists of 5 days’ doxycycline. In this observational study of 77 spelunkers at high risk for TBRF, a single dose of 100 mg doxycycline taken up to 72 hours after exposure to ticks was 100% effective in preventing the disease.
Oseltamivir and the Risk of Neuropsychiatric Events: A National, Population-based Study
Authors: Huh Kyungmin , Kang Minsun , Shin Dong Hoon , Hong Jinwook , Jung Jaehun
Published: January 2020

Background

Reports of serious neuropsychiatric events (NPEs), specifically suicide/suicide attempts, following the use of oseltamivir have led to public concerns. Our aim in this study was to determine whether an association exists between oseltamivir use and NPEs.

Method

This study was a population-based, retrospective, cohort study on a random sample of 50% of individuals in the Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNIS) database aged ≥8 years who were diagnosed with influenza between 2009 and 2017. The primary exposure was oseltamivir prescription at the time of influenza diagnosis, whereas the primary outcome was a diagnosis of an NPE within 30 days after the influenza diagnosis. Information on oseltamivir prescription, diagnoses of NPEs, demographic characteristics, comorbidities, drugs prescribed within the year before influenza diagnosis, and healthcare utilization were extracted from the KNIS database.

Results

Of 3 352 015 individuals included in the analysis, 1 266 780 (37.8%) were prescribed oseltamivir. The incidence of NPEs was 0.86% and 1.16% in patients who were and were not prescribed oseltamivir, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], .73 to .75; P < .001). Oseltamivir use was not associated with a difference in the overall risk of NPEs in the adjusted model (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, .96 to 1.01; P = .16), but the incidence of moderate-to-severe NPEs was significantly lower in those prescribed oseltamivir (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, .88–.96; P < .001).

Conclusion

Treating influenza with oseltamivir does not increase the risk of NPEs. Thus, public concern regarding its use is unwarranted.
Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism combination pattern of the Klotho gene with non-cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Cambray Serafi , Bermudez-Lopez Marcelino , Bozic Milica , Valdivielso Jose M ,   the NEFRONA investigators
Published: January 2020

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality, with cardiovascular death being extensively investigated. However, non-cardiovascular mortality represents the biggest percentage, showing an evident increase in recent years. Klotho is a gene highly expressed in the kidney, with a clear influence on lifespan. Low levels of Klotho have been linked to CKD progression and adverse outcomes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Klotho gene have been associated with several diseases, but studies investigating the association of Klotho SNPs with non-cardiovascular death in CKD populations are lacking.

Methods

The main aim of this study was to assess whether 11 Klotho SNPs were associated with non-cardiovascular death in a subpopulation of the National Observatory of Atherosclerosis in Nephrology (NEFRONA) study (n = 2185 CKD patients).

Results

After 48 months of follow-up, 62 cardiovascular deaths and 108 non-cardiovascular deaths were recorded. We identified a high non-cardiovascular death risk combination of SNPs corresponding to individuals carrying the most frequent allele (G) at rs562020, the rare allele (C) at rs2283368 and homozygotes for the rare allele (G) at rs2320762 (rs562020 GG/AG + rs2283368 CC/CT + rs2320762 GG). Among the patients with the three SNPs genotyped (n = 1016), 75 (7.4%) showed this combination. Furthermore, 95 (9.3%) patients showed a low-risk combination carrying all the opposite genotypes (rs562020 AA + rs2283368 TT + rs2320762 GT/TT). All the other combinations [n = 846 (83.3%)] were considered as normal risk. Using competing risk regression analysis, we confirmed that the proposed combinations are independently associated with a higher {hazard ratio [HR] 3.28 [confidence interval (CI) 1.51–7.12]} and lower [HR 6 × 10−6 (95% CI 3.3 × 10−7–1.1 × 10−5)] risk of suffering a non-cardiovascular death in the CKD population of the NEFRONA cohort compared with patients with the normal-risk combination.

Conclusions

Determination of three SNPs of the Klotho gene could help in the prediction of non-cardiovascular death in CKD.
Modified sutureless repair using left atrial appendage flap for acquired left-sided pulmonary vein stenosis
Authors: Ito Hideki , Mutsuga Masato , Tokuda Yoshiyuki , Usui Akihiko
Published: January 2020

Pulmonary vein stenosis is a well-known complication after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Although surgical repair is indicated for younger patients and patients with multiple stenoses, the appropriate procedure for acquired pulmonary vein stenosis has not been established. In this study, we report the successful outcome of our modified sutureless technique using a left atrial appendage flap for left-sided pulmonary vein stenosis after radiofrequency catheter ablation.
Spies, informers and Thomas Howard’s defence of England’s northern frontier in 1523*
Authors: Murphy Neil
Published: January 2020

Taking the role spying played in the defence of England’s northern frontier against a Scottish invasion in 1523 as its focus, this article examines military espionage during the reign of Henry VIII. After establishing a typology of spying, it analyses the methods English commanders such as Thomas Howard used to obtain intelligence during wartime. It shows that while the principal developments in English spying have been attributed to the reign of Elizabeth I, extensive intelligence-gathering networks were already in place decades earlier and that they played a key role in the defence of the kingdom’s frontiers and the operation of the state. The article also examines Scottish spying during this period and concludes by considering English espionage within a wider European context.
Necessary Condition for Rectifiability Involving Wasserstein Distance W2
Authors: Dąbrowski Damian
Published: January 2020

A Radon measure $\mu $ is $n$-rectifiable if it is absolutely continuous with respect to $n$-dimensional Hausdorff measure and $\mu $-almost all of ${\operatorname{supp}}\mu $ can be covered by Lipschitz images of $\mathbb{R}^n$. In this paper, we give a necessary condition for rectifiability in terms of the so-called $\alpha _2$ numbers — coefficients quantifying flatness using Wasserstein distance $W_2$. In a recent article, we showed that the same condition is also sufficient for rectifiability, and so we get a new characterization of rectifiable measures.
Self-monitoring diabetes with multiple mobile health devices
Authors: Shaw Ryan J , Yang Q , Barnes A , Hatch D , Crowley M J , Vorderstrasse A , Vaughn J , Diane A , Lewinski A A , Jiang M , Stevenson J , Steinberg D
Published: January 2020

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of multiple mobile health technologies to generate and transmit data from diverse patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in between clinic visits. We examined the data to identify patterns that describe characteristics of patients for clinical insights.

Methods

We enrolled 60 adults with T2DM from a US healthcare system to participate in a 6-month longitudinal feasibility trial. Patient weight, physical activity, and blood glucose were self-monitored via devices provided at baseline. Patients also responded to biweekly medication adherence text message surveys. Data were aggregated in near real-time. Measures of feasibility assessing total engagement in device submissions and survey completion over the 6 months of observation were calculated.

Results

It was feasible for participants from different socioeconomic, educational, and racial backgrounds to use and track relevant diabetes-related data from multiple mobile health devices for at least 6 months. Both the transmission and engagement of the data revealed notable patterns and varied by patient characteristics.

Discussion

Using multiple mobile health tools allowed us to derive clinical insights from diverse patients with diabetes. The ubiquitous adoption of smartphones across racial, educational, and socioeconomic populations and the integration of data from mobile health devices into electronic health records present an opportunity to develop new models of care delivery for patients with T2DM that may promote equity as well.
Time-stamped claim logic
Authors: Rasga João , Sernadas Cristina , Karafili Erisa , Viganò Luca
Published: January 2020

The main objective of this paper is to define a logic for reasoning about distributed time-stamped claims. Such a logic is interesting for theoretical reasons, i.e. as a logic per se, but also because it has a number of practical applications, in particular when one needs to reason about a huge amount of pieces of evidence collected from different sources, where some of the pieces of evidence may be contradictory and some sources are considered to be more trustworthy than others. We introduce the time-stamped claim logic including a sound and complete sequent calculus. In order to show how time-stamped claim logic can be used in practice, we consider a concrete cyber-attribution case study.
Rivalry, Uncertainty, and Militarized Compellent Threats
Authors: Atkinson Douglas B , Jackson Joshua , Williford George W
Published: January 2020

Rivalry scholars have done much to explain how rivalries begin and how they end, but little explanation has been given to how rivalries are maintained over long periods of time. Existing theories treat maintenance as simply the absence of termination or the continuing presence of structural conditions that birthed the rivalry, but we argue that this is an unsatisfying conceptualization that does little to tell us what mechanisms keep rivalries going. We argue that rivalry maintenance is not a passive condition of nontermination. Rather, rivalries persist because uncertainty about an opponent's resolve periodically surfaces, and states eliminate this uncertainty by issuing threats designed to compel the enemy to make concessions on the underlying issue. States issue threats to signal their commitment to continue disputing the issue or to force their opponent to reveal their level of resolve. States must remain resolved if they do not wish to concede the issue(s) at stake. Rivalry maintenance is therefore a conscious decision by states to continue their rivalry in order to avoid granting concessions.
The mirid bug Apolygus lucorum deploys a glutathione peroxidase as a candidate effector to enhance plant susceptibility
Authors: Dong Yumei , Jing Maofeng , Shen Danyu , Wang Chenyang , Zhang Meiqian , Liang Dong , Nyawira Karani T , Xia Qingyue , Zuo Kairan , Wu Shuwen , Wu Yidong , Dou Daolong , Xia Ai
Published: January 2020

The mirid bug Apolygus lucorum has become a major agricultural pest since the large-scale cultivation of Bt-cotton. It was assumed that A. lucorum, similarly to other phloem sap insects, could secrete saliva that contains effector proteins into plant interfaces to perturb host cellular processes during feeding. However, the secreted effectors of A. lucorum are still uncharacterized and unstudied. In this study, 1878 putative secreted proteins were identified from the transcriptome of A. lucorum, which either had homology with published aphid effectors or shared common features with plant pathogens and insect effectors. One hundred and seventy-two candidate effectors were used for cell death-inducing/suppressing assays, and a putative salivary gland effector, Apolygus lucorum cell death inhibitor 6 (Al6), was characterized. The mRNAs of Al6 were enriched at feeding stages (nymph and adult) and, in particular, in salivary glands. Moreover, we revealed that the secreted Al6 encoded an active glutathione peroxidase that reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation induced by INF1 or Flg22. Expression of the Al6 gene in planta altered insect feeding behavior and promoted plant pathogen infections. Inhibition of cell death and enhanced plant susceptibility to insect and pathogens are dependent on glutathione peroxidase activity of Al6. Thus, this study shows that a candidate salivary gland effector, Al6, functions as a glutathione peroxidase and suppresses ROS induced by pathogen-associated molecular pattern to inhibit pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)-induced cell death. The identification and molecular mechanism analysis of the Al6 candidate effector in A. lucorum will provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of insect–plant interactions.
Quasar X-ray and UV flux, baryon acoustic oscillation, and Hubble parameter measurement constraints on cosmological model parameters
Authors: Khadka Narayan , Ratra Bharat
Published: January 2020

We use the 2015 Risaliti and Lusso compilation of 808 X-ray and UV flux measurements of quasars (QSOs) in the redshift range 0.061 ≤ z ≤ 6.28, alone and in conjunction with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and Hubble parameter [H(z)] measurements, to constrain cosmological parameters in six cosmological models. The QSO data constraints are significantly weaker than, but consistent with, those from the H(z) + BAO data. A joint analysis of the QSO + H(z) + BAO data is consistent with the current standard model, spatially flat Λ cold dark matter, but mildly favours closed spatial hypersurfaces and dynamical dark energy.