bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literacía Cinematográfica: Reflexión sobre los modelos de educación cinematográfica en Europa
Authors: Reia-Baptista Vítor , Burn Andrew , Reid Mark , Cannon Michelle
Published: June 2014

Tomando como base un resumen amplio del “Estudio de Expertos a Escala Europea sobre literacía cinematográfica en Europa 2012” (European-scale Experts’ Study on film literacy in Europe 2012), este artículo examina las dos concepciones diferentes que se tienen de la educación cinematográfica en Europa: (a) como un derecho o un bien social para todos (similar al derecho a la educación universal) y (b) como un medio fundamental para desarrollar consumidores o audiencias de cine. En base al estudio antes mencionado, el cual fue llevado a cabo en 32 países europeos, los autores analizan tres aspectos de la “literacía cinematográfica” (film literacy) en Europa: (1) las prácticas de educadores de cine en los diferentes sectores educativos en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea; (2) los argumentos más amplios sobre cultura cinematográfica y su importancia; y (3) la relación entre literacía cinematográfica y literacía mediática, especialmente en el contexto de la iniciativa de literacía mediática de la Comisión Europea. Finalmente, el artículo también examina la relación que existe entre la educación cinematográfica y las apropiaciones, recomendaciones, limitaciones y concepciones erróneas que rodean las tecnologías digitales.
Fear Avoidance Beliefs, Held by Occupational Therapists, are Associated with Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Cross Blair , Dean Sarah , Hay-Smith Jean , Weatherall Mark
Published: June 2014

Introduction:

The purpose of this research was to explore whether New Zealand occupational therapists' recommendations for chronic low back pain are predicted by their fear avoidance beliefs.

Method:

In an online survey, 63 therapists rated the strength of recommendation on a four-point Likert scale (for each of: home help, equipment provision, and environmental modification) for a case study of low back pain, and completed two questionnaires about fear avoidance beliefs. The strength of recommendation (definitely not, not likely, likely, definitely yes) was analysed as an ordinal scale response variable, with important predictors each of the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Tool and the Health Care Providers Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale. Potential confounding variables were: age, years in practice or pain practice, and receipt of extra pain education. The main response variable was the probability of recommending home help. Analysis was by proportional odds regression.

Findings:

54/63 (85.7%) of the surveys had complete data. The adjusted odds ratio, per point higher on the fear avoidance belief scales, for therapists who were more likely to recommend home help was 1.19 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.35), p = 0.005 for the Fear Avoidance Belief Tool and 1.16 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.29), p = 0.006 for Health Care Providers Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale. This is consistent with those with greater fear avoidance beliefs being more likely to recommend home help.

Conclusion:

Occupational therapists' fear avoidance beliefs are associated with treatment recommendations that lessen activity or movement demands. These beliefs are potentially unhelpful and may reinforce avoidance behaviour in patients with chronic low back pain.
The role of self-assessment and emotions in designation of an aggressive strategy of coping with a social conflict situation by gymnasium school students
Authors: Borecka-Biernat Danuta
Published: June 2014

Background, participants and procedure

This research is aimed at evaluation of the role of self-assessment and emotions in designation of an aggressive strategy of coping with a social conflict situation by gymnasium school students. It uses a questionnaire to study strategies adopted by youth to cope with a social conflict situation (KSMK), Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and a Three-Factor Personality States and Traits Inventory (TISCO) questionnaire. The empirical study was conducted in gymnasium schools in Wrocław and neighbouring localities. It included 811 adolescents (414 girls and 397 boys) aged 13-15.

Results and conclusions

Based on the analysis of the collected research material, it is concluded that low assessment of teenagers’ own capacity plays a role in choosing an aggressive strategy to cope with a social conflict situation. Participation of adolescents in a situation of a threat to accomplishment of their own objectives intensifies negative emotions. Research results confirm that aggression is a form of dealing with anger and fear felt in a social conflict situation.
Personal identity among adolescents from transnational families
Authors: Michałek Justyna , Rostowska Teresa
Published: June 2014

Background

Parents’ labour migration generates new types of families – transnational family, where one parent or both parents migrate and leave their children behind. Separation with parents could influence the child’s psychosocial functioning. The aim of this study was to analyse the situation of adolescents who experience separation from their parent/parents caused by labour migration, especially how temporary absence of the parent is associated with the adolescents’ personal identity.

Participants and procedure

Participants were 99 high school youth from transnational families and 76 from non-transnational families who were asked to fill out the following measures: Identity Development Scale (U-GIDS) (Meeus, 1996; Rostowski, 1997), the in­terview questionnaire to collect information about parents’ migration.

Results

The migration factor differentiates: occurrence of personal identity statuses – in the area of interpersonal relationships (with parents and peers) and school.

Conclusions

Separation from a parent caused by labour migration is linked to occurrence of personal identity statuses.
Coping with stress among Polish immigrants
Authors: Ziarko Michał , Sęk Helena , Sieński Michał , Lewandowska Karolina
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND

Opening the Western labour markets for Poles, a result of Poland’s accession to the European Union, led to mass economic emigration of thousands of Poles. Immigrants chose mostly the following English-speaking countries: Ireland, England and Scotland. Moving house and changing job is a challenge that needs to be dealt with.

PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE

This study involved 239 people who emigrated to England, Scotland and Ireland. It was aimed at answering the following question: Do Polish immigrants in various countries experience varied stress levels and use varied strategies to cope with stress?

RESULTS

The conducted study showed differences in stress levels, depending on immigrants’ target country. There were also significant differences between strategies used to handle stress. Additionally, the study indentified factors influencing stress levels. Immigrants’ high stress levels were accompanied by stress management strategies focused on stressor avoidance, blaming as well as sense of one’s ineffectuality.

CONCLUSIONS

European English-speaking countries presents various challenges to immigrants. Observed dissimilarities in stress levels might stem from difference in size of cultural gap between the target and home country. Seeing that, cultural factors may significantly influence stress level perceived by immigrants, thus a question for further studies arises: what are specific cultural features significant in experiencing stress among immigrants? Answering to that question will give an unprecedented insights to demands of emigration and may lay a basis for future community support programs.
Key factors for successful solving of mathematical word problems in fifth-grade learners
Authors: Kavkler Marija , Magajna Lidija , Babuder Milena Košak
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND

Difficulties in solving mathematical word problems (MWP) are one of the most common reasons for weak mathematics performance, and poor mathematical literacy has important implications for an individual’s further education, employment opportunities, mental health and quality of life in today’s modern technological society.

The purpose of the study was to examine whether Slovenian good and poor MWP solvers differ in arithmetic knowledge and skills, non-verbal reasoning, pupils’ self-evaluations of MWP abilities, teachers’ assessment of their mathematical knowledge and what strategies fifth- grade learners use in solving MWP.

PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE

The larger sample included 233 pupils from 14 fifth-grade classes (mean age 10 years 3 months) and 14 teachers. On the basis of the teachers’ opinions and the results of MWP solving two sub-samples of 24 students were formed, good and poor MWP solvers. Several tests were used to determine MWP solving ability, automation of arithmetic facts and procedures as well as Raven’s SPM. Questionnaires for pupils were used to assess pupils’ estimations of MWP tasks’ difficulty, their own ability to solve them and the strategies used. To assess pupils’ knowledge a questionnaire for teachers was used.

RESULTS

Slovenian 5th graders in the larger sample generally used very few empirically proven effective cognitive and metacognitive strategies to solve MWP. Pupils with lower achievement in solving MWP, compared to pupils with higher achievement demonstrated significantly less automated arithmetic facts and procedures of the algorithm, less flexible use of arithmetic skills, as well as qualitatively different MWP solving, which is also related to their lower non-verbal reasoning. Teachers’ assessments and pupils’ self-assessments matched the achieved test results.

CONCLUSIONS

The results exposed important key factors for successful solving of mathematical word problems with significant implications for learning, teaching and professional training. Improving mathematics literacy in the Slovenian school system requires greater consideration for strategy teaching and motivational factors.
Use of scripts and script-fading procedures and activity schedules to develop spontaneous social interaction in a three-year-old girl with autism
Authors: Budzińska Anna , Lubomirska Anna , Wójcik Marta , Krantz Patricia J. , McClannahan Lynn
Published: June 2014

Autism entails serious deficiencies in communication and social behaviors. Individuals with autism, even those who have received intensive language intervention, are often viewed as lacking spontaneous language. In addition, some children with autism lack the ability of spontaneously seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people (e.g., a lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out objects of interest to other people).

The aim of the study was to use ABA teaching techniques such as script and script fading procedure and activity schedule to teach three-year-old girl with autism spontaneous social interaction and shape joint attention skills. The result shows that ABA techniques were very effective in teaching many verbal skills such as answering questions, making requests, initiating conversation and asking question. Comparison made after implemented teaching procedure shows her initiating of joint attention skill (IJA) is at the appropriate level for her age.
Steady-state solutions for subsurface chlorophyll maximum in stratified water columns with a bell-shape vertical profile of chlorophyll
Authors: Gong X. , Shi J. , Gao H. W. , Yao X. H.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. A bell-shape vertical profile of chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, conventionally referred as Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum (SCM) phenomenon, has frequently been observed in stratified oceans and lakes. This profile is assumed to be a general Gaussian distribution in this study. By substituting the general Gaussian function into ecosystem dynamical equations, the steady-state solutions for SCM characteristics (i.e. SCM layer depth, thickness, and intensity) in various scenarios are derived. These solutions indicate that: (1) The maximum in Chl a concentrations occurs at or below the depth with the maximum in growth rates of phytoplankton locating at the transition from nutrient limitation to light limitation, and the depth of SCM layer deepens logarithmically with an increase in surface light intensity; (2) The shape of SCM layer (thickness and intensity) is mainly influenced by nutrient supply, but independence of surface light intensity; (3) The intensity of SCM layer is proportional to the diffusive flux of nutrient from below, getting stronger as a result of this layer being shrank by a higher light attenuation coefficient or a larger sinking velocity of phytoplankton. The analytical solutions can be useful to estimate environmental parameters difficultly obtained from on-site observations.
Impact of changes in freezing and thawing on foliar litter carbon release in alpine$/$subalpine forests along an altitudinal gradient in the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wu F. , Peng C. , Zhu J. , Zhang J. , Tan B. , Yang W.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Carbon (C) release from foliar litter is a primary component in C exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems, but little information is currently related to the effects of freezing and thawing dynamics on C release of foliar litter in cold regions. A two-year field litter decomposition experiment was conducted along an altitudinal gradient (∼2700 m to ∼3600 m) to mimic temperature increases in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. C release was investigated for fresh foliar litter of spruce, fir and birch. The onset of the frozen stage, deep frozen stage, and thawing stage were partitioned according to changes in freezing and thawing dynamics of each winter. High C release was observed in lower altitudes during winter stages, but higher altitudes exhibited high C release during growing season stages. The deep frozen stage showed higher rates of C release than other stages in the second year of decomposition. Negative degree-days showing freezing degree were correlated to C release rates for the deep frozen stages in both years, and this relationship continued for the duration of the experiment, indicating that changes in freezing can directly modify C release from foliar litter. The results suggested that climate warming could delay the onset of C release in fresh litter in this cold region.
Impact of precession on the climate, vegetation and fire activity in southern Africa during MIS4
Authors: Woillez M.-N. , Levavasseur G. , Daniau A.-L. , Kageyama M. , Urrego D. H. , Sánchez-Goñi M.-F. , Hanquiez V.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. The relationships between climate, vegetation and fires are a major subject of investigation in the context of climate change. In southern Africa, fire is known to play a crucial role in the existence of grasslands and Mediterranean-type biomes. Microcharcoal-based reconstructions of past fire activity in that region have shown a tight correlation between grass-fueled fires and the precessional cycle, with maximum fire activity during maxima of the climatic precession index. These changes have been interpreted as the result of changes in fuel load in response to precipitation changes in eastern southern Africa. Here we use the general circulation model IPSL_CM5A (Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Climate Model version 5A) and the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-LMfire to investigate the response of climate, vegetation and fire activity to precession changes in southern Africa during marine isotopic stage 4 (74–59 kyr BP). We perform two climatic simulations, for a maximum and minimum of the precession index, and use a statistical downscaling method to increase the spatial resolution of the IPSL_CM5A outputs over southern Africa and perform high-resolution simulations of the vegetation and fire activity. Our results show an anticorrelation between the northern and southern African monsoons in response to precession changes. A decrease of the precession climatic index leads to a precipitation decrease in the summer rainfall area of southern Africa. The drying of climate leads to a decrease of vegetation cover and fire activity. Our results are in qualitative agreement with data and confirm that fire activity in southern Africa during MIS4 is mainly driven by vegetation cover.
Links between the Big Dry in Australia and hemispheric multi-decadal climate variability – implications for water resource management
Authors: Verdon-Kidd D. C. , Kiem A. S. , Moran R.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Southeast Australia (SEA) experienced a protracted drought during the mid-1990s until early 2010 (known as the Big Dry or Millennium Drought) that resulted in serious environmental, social and economic effects. This paper analyses a range of historical climate data sets to place the recent drought into context in terms of Southern Hemisphere inter-annual to multi-decadal hydroclimatic variability. The findings indicate that the recent Big Dry in SEA is in fact linked to the widespread Southern Hemisphere climate shift towards drier conditions that began in the mid-1970s. However, it is shown that this link is masked because the large-scale climate drivers responsible for drying in other regions of the mid-latitudes since the mid-1970s did not have the same effect on SEA during the mid- to late 1980s and early 1990s. More specifically, smaller-scale synoptic processes resulted in elevated autumn and winter rainfall (a crucial period for SEA hydrology) during the mid- to late 1980s and early 1990s, which punctuated the longer-term drying. From the mid-1990s to 2010 the frequency of the synoptic processes associated with elevated autumn/winter rainfall decreased, resulting in a return to drier than average conditions and the onset of the Big Dry. The findings presented in this paper have marked implications for water management and climate attribution studies in SEA, in particular for understanding and dealing with "baseline" (i.e. current) hydroclimatic risks.
EDUCAÇÃO E COMPUTADORES: Os softwares educacionais, um novo estilo educativo em busca de um novo paradigma.
Authors: Costa Valéria Leite Oliveira
Published: June 2014

Este artigo tem como objetivo sintetizar sobre a explanação da diversidade de programas educacionais que podem auxiliar o professor no processo de ensino, mais precisamente na educação infantil. As novas formas de ensinar o aluno, de maneira lúdica e prazerosa, os software nos perpassam novos caminhos para facilitar o ensino na fase infantil. O enfoque maior desse estudo está voltado para a criança com déficit de aprendizagem, que utilizando os novos recursos tecnológicos, os softwares educacionais, tornam-se uma poderosa ferramenta de ensino/aprendizagem facilitando o trabalho do professor e buscando recuperar a autoestima destas crianças.
EDUCAÇÃO À DISTÂNCIA: REFERENCIAIS DE QUALIDADE DO ENSINO SUPERIOR EAD
Authors: Pitaluga Thiago Oliveira
Published: June 2014

O presente estudo buscou evidenciar os critérios de qualidade presentes nos cursos de Educação à Distância, observando as principais discussões teóricas que remetem ao tema. Assim, a relação construída entre professores, tutores e alunos configura uma proposta de ensino-aprendizagem mediada pelas tecnologias da informação e comunicação. Com a evolução destes atributos que se discute sobre referenciais de qualidade no ensino à distância e as avaliações que correspondem à qualidade da modalidade. Devido ao crescimento da oferta de cursos, as discussões sobre a qualidade e as diretrizes que devem ser consideradas ficam e evidência. O estudo aponta os indicadores de qualidade praticados na EaD e discute se estes são suficientes para alocar uma discussão que garanta a qualidade e desempenho do ensino à distância no Brasil.
INTERVENÇÕES GRUPAIS EM PSICODRAMA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A ESCOLA DE TEMPO INTEGRAL
Authors: Moreira Alves Joana Darc , Vieira Érico Douglas
Published: June 2014

A educação integral traz oportunidades complementares de formação, prometendo inovações e enriquecimento curricular, através de uma perspectiva crítico emancipadora, que possibilita aos seus sujeitos a reflexão e ação necessárias para o alcance de uma melhor qualidade de vida. O presente artigo trata-se de um estudo teórico sobre as possibilidades do trabalho com intervenções grupais nas escolas que funcionam em tempo integral. As relações interpessoais bem como as questões de gênero e da sexualidade são temas que podem ser trabalhados com metodologias grupais de intervenção. A Escola em Tempo Integral é retratada, com seus desafios e potencialidades. O conceito de grupos e as fases e momentos distintos pelos quais ele se constitui, levam o coordenador de grupo adequar suas intervenções como forma de potencializar a mudança. O potencial do Psicodrama para uma intervenção diferenciada e transformadora tem sido amplamente utilizado na área educacional por facilitar questões ligadas à complexidade das interações sociais e aos desafios para uma atuação educativa e formadora. As intervenções grupais contribuem para a renovação das atuações profissionais na educação, possibilitando um trabalho criativo com populações com grandes dissonâncias culturais. Também facilita a resolução de conflitos na rotina da escola, permanente desafio para educadores na difícil tarefa de intermediar alunos, professores e colegas.
PROTAGONISMO DOCENTE E INOVAÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Castilho Elza Costa , Paese Cláudia Regina
Published: June 2014

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar situações que detectam a resistência do docente à mudança progressista e a novas metodologias. A pesquisa foi feita com base em estudo bibliográfico e questionário aplicado aos professores. Constatou-se que alguns professores resistem à mudança progressista, por medo, comodismo, falta de capacitação, excesso de carga horária. Nesta perspectiva é preciso redefinir o papel do professor, para que não seja apenas um transmissor de informações e sim um profissional atuante capaz de modificar opiniões
AS INFLUÊNCIAS DO NEOLIBERALISMO NA EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA: ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES
Authors: Basso Jaqueline Daniela , Neto Dr. Luiz Bezerra
Published: June 2014

Neste trabalho nos dedicaremos à compreensão da influência do neoliberalismo na economia e na educação brasileira, que se tornou preponderante a partir dos anos 1990 e que tem aprofundado as desigualdades sociais e diminuído ainda mais os investimentos em bens sociais como a educação. Desta maneira, pretendemos compreender de que forma as políticas neoliberais tem se apresentado no Brasil e quais suas implicações, principalmente na educação do país.DOI: 10.5216/rir.v1i16.29044
ANÁLISE DE CONCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL DOS ALUNOS DOS CURSOS INTEGRADOS DO IFG CÂMPUS JATAÍ
Authors: Lacerda Kenia Alves Pereira , De Oliveira Silvio Lacerda
Published: June 2014

RESUMO: A falta de conscientização do ser humano sobre as consequencias de seus atos, principalmente em relação ao ambiente que vive, contribui sobremaneira para a degradação ambiental acelerada. O desperdício e mal uso dos recursos naturais, o errado descarte de lixo e outros resíduos, o aumento de gases emitidos para a atmosfera e o desmatamento descontrolado são apenas alguns exemplos de desenvolvimento insustentável (SALEM, 2005). A educação ambiental é uma das ferramentas existentes para a sensibilização e capacitação da população em geral sobre os problemas ambientais. Com ela, busca-se desenvolver técnicas e métodos que facilitem o processo de tomada de consciência sobre a gravidade dos problemas ambientais e a necessidade urgente de debruçar seriamente sobre eles (MARCATTO, 2006). Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a concepção ambiental dos alunos dos cursos integrados que cursam os primeiros anos de eletrotécnica e edificações, do IFG Campus Jataí. Visando contribuir para a formação de cidadãos conscientes, aptos para decidir e atuar na realidade socioambiental de um modo comprometido com a vida. A investigação evidenciou que os alunos, de uma forma geral, apresentam ainda uma visão preservacionista e conservacionista sobre o meio ambiente e conceito incipiente sobre educação ambiental. Sabe-se que o termo meio ambiente e educação ambiental estão presentes nos currículos pedagógicos, portanto, é um desafio para professores abordarem e desenvolverem tais termos em sala de aula.
UM MODELO DE ROLE-PLAYING GAME (RPG) PARA O ENSINO DOS PROCESSOS DA DIGESTÃO
Authors: Oliveira Antônio Alves de , Ribeiro. Sandra Aparecida Benite
Published: June 2014

O jogo didático representa uma alternativa para auxiliar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, pois favorece a construção do conhecimento pelo aluno. O Role-Playing Game (RPG) tem sido apontado como importante material pedagógico, pois incentiva a cooperação e a utilização do saber prévio dos estudantes para a construção de novos conhecimentos. No presente artigo apresentamos um jogo de RPG elaborado por estudantes do curso de Licenciatura em Biologia e a avaliação dos resultados de sua aplicação aos estudantes do ensino superior, médio e fundamental da rede pública de ensino. Os objetivos do estudo foram elaborar um jogo que pudesse mediar a aprendizagem, diversificar e avaliar a transmissão do conhecimento, além de testar um método de ensino para que os futuros professores de Ciências e Biologia pudessem utilizar em sua prática profissional. Para a formulação do RPG foi criada uma aventura dentro do corpo humano com 25 questões a respeito de fisiologia do sistema digestório e vários desafios aos jogadores. O jogo foi aplicado nas aulas práticas de Fisiologia Humana Básica aos estudantes do ensino superior e nas aulas de Ciências e de Biologia, aos estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio, respectivamente. Os alunos do curso de Biologia aprovaram o modelo didático e perceberam sua eficácia ao associar a imaginação, a cooperação no trabalho em grupo e a forma como pode ser utilizado para ensinar e avaliar os conhecimentos adquiridos. Os estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio perceberam a importância da cooperação, demonstraram grande interesse pelo jogo e motivação com o conteúdo abordado durante a prática. Concluindo-se, consideramos que o jogo de RPG educativo elaborado no presente trabalho atingiu o objetivo de criar um modelo didático para o ensino por métodos lúdicos, auxiliando no processo de aprendizagem do conteúdo e na sua avaliação. Ressaltamos que RPG elaborado no presente estudo pode ser adaptado para interesses específicos dos docentes em relação à série que será aplicado e à realidade dos estudantes.
O QUE VOCÊS GOSTARIAM QUE UM CURRÍCULO DE ARTE CONTEMPLASSE? EXPERIÊNCIAS VIVIDAS, A REORIENTAÇÃO CURRICULAR DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS
Authors: Assis Henrique Lima
Published: June 2014

São apresentadas, neste artigo, algumas reflexões sobre as principais ações referentes à elaboração das Orientações Curriculares para as Artes, na rede estadual de Goiás. Com o objetivo de facilitar as reflexões e as compreensões sobre as experiências vividas pelos 2000 professores de artes da rede estadual de Goiás sobre a sistematização das Orientações, este texto foi dividido em três partes, sendo denominada a primeira de Notas iniciais: os desafios, os conflitos, as aprendizagens que introduz e contextualiza o desafio de sistematizar um documento curricular único para a área e, portanto, apresenta as concepções de currículo, de arte e de educação das artes que sustentaram o percurso. A segunda, Um pouco da história: aparando arestas, minimizando assimetrias, retoma e questiona alguns dos marcos da história da educação das artes no Brasil, cuja finalidade era reconhecer tanto os limites quanto as possibilidades das experiências educativas em arte propostas no passado, para as compreendermos no presente e projetarmos o futuro. E, nesta direção, revisitar a história da educação das artes no Brasil, sobretudo a partir da década de 1970, subsidiou os projetos de elaboração das pistas, dos caminhos, e contribuiu para as escolhas conceituais, metodológicas e práticas que constituem as Orientações Curriculares para as Artes. Estas escolhas estão sintetizadas na terceira parte, denominada As orientações curriculares para as artes: a pista ou as pistas de corrida?
AS MÍDIAS NO CONTEXTO PESSOAL E PROFISSIONAL DO PROFESSOR DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Souza Cícera , Hatje Marly
Published: June 2014

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a relação dos professores de Educação Física (EF), da Rede Estadual cidade de Santa Maria – RS, com as mídias no contexto pessoal e profissional. Vários estudos relacionam o acesso e consumo das mídias pelos professores, aos usos das mesmas com fins educacionais. Nessa perspectiva, entendemos como necessário para estabelecer a relação entre as mídias, a escola e a disciplina de EF conhecer o perfil dos professores que estão nas escolas, analisando o que eles consomem e usam de mídias, o que entendem por mídias na educação (EF), mídias na formação, etc. Para tanto, adotamos como metodologia a pesquisa descritivo-exploratória, através de questionários com perguntas abertas e fechadas relacionados ao acesso e consumo de mídias no cotidiano dentro e fora da escola. A partir da análise dos resultados concluímos que os professores pesquisados entendem as mídias como necessárias para o ensino de qualidade, buscando a integração das mesmas no contexto da disciplina, no entanto, encontram dificuldades em como fazer essa mediação, principalmente porque não tiveram presente em suas formações iniciais a temática mídia e educação.
USO DE ATIVIDADES PRÁTICAS NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA EM UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA DE JATAÍ-GOIÁS
Authors: Lima Danielle Silva , Da Silva Carlos Cézar
Published: June 2014

Este estudo visou inserir a experimentação nas aulas de Tópicos de Química como uma metodologia alternativa para o ensino de Química. A pesquisa foi realizada com os alunos dos 2º séries do Ensino Médio do Colégio Estadual João Roberto Moreira, Jataí-GO, usando-se o suporte do delineamento experimental, no qual foram realizadas duas aulas práticas que abordavam o conteúdo reações químicas. A coleta de dados foi obtida através de imagens (fotos registradas) e questionário. Os alunos demonstraram uma dificuldade em classificar substâncias e reconhecer as evidências de reações químicas. As atividades experimentais mostraram-se eficientes, porém ao utilizar as mesmas em turmas diferentes, percebe-se uma variação significativa na aprendizagem dos alunos.
Sowing efficiency of two seeding machines with different metering devices and distribution systems: a comparison using soybean, Glycine max (L) Merr.
Authors: Soza E. , Botta G. , Tourn M. , Hidalgo R.
Published: June 2014

Argentina has experienced changes in its agricultural production, moving from traditional practices which greatly disturbed soils towards systems that reduce soilworking. Direct seeding is a good example of the latter. Seeding machines have improved significantly in recent years, incorporating new technical and functional features. Two seeding systems are used in soybean cultivation: the traditional method which relies on planters equipped and drills (which plant in rows). The second option allows the use of a single seeding machine for wheat-soybean rotation and is the object of growing market interest. The aim of this study was to compare two direct seeding machines representative of these systems. The following variables were recorded: a) the "treatment" received by the seed (as determined by seed viability), b) the relationship between plants grown and seeds planted per row, c) the uniformity of plant distribution per linear meter of furrow, and d) yield per linear meter of furrow plus yield as kg ha-1 at harvest. The trial was performed in 12 randomly selected plots at Nogoyá (Entre Ríos, Argentina), which for the last six years had been direct-seeded. The results obtained were compared using the Tukey test (significance set at p
Which role do lacewings and ants play as predators of the citrus leafminer in Spain?
Authors: Urbaneja A. , Muñoz A. , Garrido A. , Jacas J. A.
Published: June 2014

In a study about the impact of natural enemies of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton conducted in Spain, predation appeared as the most important mortality factor. Predators responded to changes in flushing, and this was attributed to continuous availability of preferential prey feeding on tender flushes. In this paper the role of aphid-mutualists and generalist predators feeding on aphids as well as on P. citrella (ants and lacewings, respectively), has been investigated. In the laboratory, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens could complete its development when fed on P. citrella third instars only. In the field, highly statistically significant regressions were obtained between prey indicators (aphid density and flush) and C. carnea densities. Nevertheless, using P. citrella density resulted in a negative relationship. In another field trial, predation rates did not change when ants were excluded from P. citrella-infested trees. Therefore, neither ants, nor lacewings could be identified as key-predators of P. citrella. Although we could not prove the efficiency of these predators, these studies have given us the chance to become aware of the existence of an important guild of unidentified generalist natural enemies.
Dairy industry sewage sludge as a fertilizer for an acid soil: a laboratory experiment with Lolium multiflorum L.
Authors: Conde Suárez P. , Seoane S. , López Mosquera E. , Solla Gullón F. , Merino A.
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of dairy industry sewage sludge as a fertilizer for an acid soil, and to evaluate the leaching of its nutrients and pollutants. The sludge was applied to pots containing an acid pasture soil (pH 4.4, organic matter 9.6%) in which Lolium multiflorum was then sown. Two different doses of sewage sludge (80 and 160 cubic m ha-1) and a dose of 15:15:15 NPK (675 kg ha-1) were compared. Changes in soil properties (leachate and soil fraction) and the production and nutritional status of the crop were monitored for nine weeks. The addition of the sludge led to substantial increases in crop production, which was attributed to improvements in crop nutrient concentrations (mainly N and P) and soil properties (pH, total N and available P). The sludge-treated soils lost less NO3, Ca, Mg and K through leaching than those treated with the mineral fertilizer. The amounts of nutrient accumulated in the crop showed, however, that the input of K and to a lesser extent of Mg, were insufficient to cover requirements. Supplements of these elements are therefore necessary.
Vinylsilylferrocenes and Ethynyl(vinyl)silylferrocenes. Synthesis, Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Study and DFT Calculations
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Klimkina Elena V.
Published: June 2014

Ferrocenylsilanes with various functions at silicon (chlorine, vinyl, ethynyl) were prepared and studied by multinuclear magnetic resonance methods (1H, 13C, 29Si NMR spectroscopy). The gasphase geometries of the silanes were optimized by calculations at the B3LYP=6-311+G(d,p) level of theory, and NMR parameters (chemical shifts δ13C, δ29Si, spin-spin coupling constants) were calculated at the same level of theory.
3D RECONSTRUCTION OF A MULTISCALE MICROSTRUCTURE BY ANISOTROPIC TESSELLATION MODELS
Authors: Altendorf Hellen , Latourte Felix , Jeulin Dominique , Faessel Matthieu , Saintoyant Lucie
Published: June 2014

In the area of tessellation models, there is an intense activity to fully understand the classical models of Voronoi, Laguerre and Johnson-Mehl. Still, these models are all simulations of isotropic growth and are therefore limited to very simple and partly convex cell shapes. The here considered microstructure of martensitic steel has a much more complex and highly non convex cell shape, requiring new tessellation models. This paper presents a new approach for anisotropic tessellation models that resolve to the well-studied cases of Laguerre and Johnson-Mehl for spherical germs. Much better reconstructions can be achieved with these models and thus more realistic microstructure simulations can be produced for materials widely used in industry like martensitic and bainitic steels.
STRUCTURE TENSOR IMAGE FILTERING USING RIEMANNIAN L1 AND L∞ CENTER-OF-MASS
Authors: Angulo Jesus
Published: June 2014

Structure tensor images are obtained by a Gaussian smoothing of the dyadic product of gradient image. These images give at each pixel a n×n symmetric positive definite matrix SPD(n), representing the local orientation and the edge information. Processing such images requires appropriate algorithms working on the Riemannian manifold on the SPD(n) matrices. This contribution deals with structure tensor image filtering based on Lp geometric averaging. In particular, L1 center-of-mass (Riemannian median or Fermat-Weber point) and L∞ center-of-mass (Riemannian circumcenter) can be obtained for structure tensors using recently proposed algorithms. Our contribution in this paper is to study the interest of L1 and L∞ Riemannian estimators for structure tensor image processing. In particular, we compare both for two image analysis tasks: (i) structure tensor image denoising; (ii) anomaly detection in structure tensor images.
Stem Cells and Religion
Authors: Yap Kiryu K.
Published: June 2014

Religion can threaten or facilitate clinical translation, and there are many obstacles that are still poorly defined or unknown. It is important to understand religious issues that we may face in the practice of stem cell medicine and to identify potential scenarios and practical approaches to deal with them. Recommendations, policies, and consensus guidelines should specifically address religious issues in ways that go beyond the conventional framework in implementing new medical advances and training clinicians.
Comment les dimensions contextuelles et culturelles interviennent-elles dans l’apprentissage transformateur ?
Authors: Duchesne Claire , Skinn Amanda
Published: June 2014

Les dimensions contextuelles et culturelles sous-jacentes au processus d’apprentissage transformateur ont été peu explorées à ce jour, mais suscitent l’intérêt d’un nombre croissant de chercheurs. Cet article propose d’examiner comment ces dimensions interviennent au cours d’un tel apprentissage, notamment lorsque survient un dilemme perturbateur. L’analyse qualitative des récits d’expérience d’une Canadienne effectuant un séjour de coopération sur le continent africain a permis de mettre en évidence les dilemmes perturbateurs qu’elle a rencontrés et qui relèvent de la dimension culturelle de l’apprentissage, le rôle de ses cadres de référence antérieurs sur l’expérience vécue, de même que le processus d’apprentissage transformateur qui en a résulté.
Le principe des responsabilités communes mais différenciées dans le régime international du climat
Authors: Maljean-Dubois Sandrine , Sariego Pilar Moraga
Published: June 2014

Parmi les accords internationaux sur l’environnement, le régime du climat offre l’application la plus aboutie du principe des responsabilités communes mais différenciées. Mais ce domaine révèle aussi tout particulièrement les difficultés d’application dudit principe. Justice, équité, responsabilités communes mais différenciées sont invoquées par les uns et par les autres pour servir parfois des fins diamétralement opposées. Depuis l’adoption de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (1992) et du Protocole de Kyoto (1997), la structure des émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre a considérablement évolué, ne serait-ce que du fait de l’augmentation considérable des émissions des pays émergents et en particulier de la Chine. Bouclier pour les uns, repoussoir pour les autres, le principe est aujourd’hui très fréquemment invoqué dans les difficiles négociations du « post-2012 » et du « post-2020 », et voit son rôle progressivement évoluer.
Responsabilités communes mais différenciées et protection internationale de l’environnement : une assistance financière en quête de solidarité ?
Authors: Lavallée Sophie
Published: June 2014

La question de l’assistance financière des pays développés aux pays en développement, en droit international de l’environnement, soulève plusieurs problématiques dont notre article tente de cerner les enjeux et les défis. Il s’agit d’abord de la question de savoir si cette assistance a un caractère obligatoire, fondé sur le principe des responsabilités communes mais différenciées et la solidarité internationale, ou si elle a un caractère instrumental visant à n’obtenir qu’une large adhésion aux accords internationaux. Il s’agit ensuite de la question de la cohérence entre le financement de l’environnement et le financement du développement dans le cadre de l’aide publique au développement. Enfin, il s’agit de la question de l’inefficacité relative des organismes de financement et du test décisif que constitue la négociation d’un futur accord sur le climat, en 2015, lequel dépendra de l’importance de l’assistance financière réellement consentie aux pays en développement, reflet de la solidarité internationale, assise idéologique des responsabilités communes mais différenciées.
Achieving universal access and moving towards elimination of new HIV infections in Cambodia
Authors: Vun Mean Chhi , Fujita Masami , Rathavy Tung , Eang Mao Tang , Sopheap Seng , Sovannarith Samreth , Chhorvann Chhea , Vanthy Ly , Sopheap Oum , Welle Emily , Ferradini Laurent , Sedtha Chin , Bunna Sok , Verbruggen Robert
Published: June 2014

Introduction

In the mid‐1990s, Cambodia faced one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in Asia. For its achievement in reversing this trend, and achieving universal access to HIV treatment, the country received a United Nations millennium development goal award in 2010. This article reviews Cambodia’s response to HIV over the past two decades and discusses its current efforts towards elimination of new HIV infections.

Methods

A literature review of published and unpublished documents, including programme data and presentations, was conducted.

Results and discussion

Cambodia classifies its response to one of the most serious HIV epidemics in Asia into three phases. In Phase I (1991–2000), when adult HIV prevalence peaked at 1.7% and incidence exceeded 20,000 cases, a nationwide HIV prevention programme targeted brothel‐based sex work. Voluntary confidential counselling and testing and home‐based care were introduced, and peer support groups of people living with HIV emerged. Phase II (2001–2011) observed a steady decline in adult prevalence to 0.8% and incidence to 1600 cases by 2011, and was characterized by: expanding antiretroviral treatment (coverage reaching more than 80%) and continuum of care; linking with tuberculosis and maternal and child health services; accelerated prevention among key populations, including entertainment establishment‐based sex workers, men having sex with men, transgender persons, and people who inject drugs; engagement of health workers to deliver quality services; and strengthening health service delivery systems. The third phase (2012–2020) aims to attain zero new infections by 2020 through: sharpening responses to key populations at higher risk; maximizing access to community and facility‐based testing and retention in prevention and care; and accelerating the transition from vertical approaches to linked/integrated approaches.

Conclusions

Cambodia has tailored its prevention strategy to its own epidemic, established systematic linkages across different services and communities, and achieved nearly universal coverage of HIV services nationwide. Still, the programme must continually (re)prioritize the most effective and efficient interventions, strengthen synergies between programmes, contribute to health system strengthening, and increase domestic funding so that the gains of the previous two decades are sustained, and the goal of zero new infections is reached.
The Nano-X Linear Accelerator
Authors: Eslick Enid M. , Keall Paul J.
Published: June 2014

Rapid technological improvements in radiotherapy delivery results in improved outcomes to patients, yet current commercial systems with these technologies on board are costly. The aim of this study was to develop a state-of-the-art cancer radiotherapy system that is economical and space efficient fitting with current world demands. The Nano-X system is a compact design that is light weight combining a patient rotation system with a vertical 6 MV fixed beam. In this paper, we present the Nano-X system design configuration, an estimate of the system dimensions and its potential impact on shielding cost reductions. We provide an assessment of implementing such a radiotherapy system clinically, its advantages and disadvantages compared to a compact conventional gantry rotating linac. The Nano-X system has several differentiating features from current radiotherapy systems, it is [1] compact and therefore can fit into small vaults, [2] light weight, and [3] engineering efficient, i.e., it rotates a relatively light component and the main treatment delivery components are not under rotation ( e.g., DMLCs). All these features can have an impact on reducing the costs of the system. In terms of shielding requirements, leakage radiation was found to be the dominant contributor to the Nano-X vault and as such no primary shielding was necessary. For a low leakage design, the Nano-X vault footprint and concrete volume required is 17 m2 and 35 m3 respectively, compared to 54 m2 and 102 m3 for a conventional compact linac vault, resulting in decreased costs in shielding. Key issues to be investigated in future work are the possible patient comfort concerns associated with the patient rotation system, as well as the magnitude of deformation and subsequent adaptation requirements.
Clinical Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Detecting Adrenal Metastasis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lin Yin , Jeng Long-Bin , Wang Hsin-Yi , Tsai Shih-Chuan , Lin Wan-Yu , Kao Chia-Hung
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT scans in detecting adrenal metastasis in liver transplant candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 166 patients diagnosed with HCC received 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging before liver transplantation. Of these patients, 5 patients (4 males, 1 female; median age: 51.2 y, range: 33-61 y) were found to have suspected adrenal metastases and were included in this study. Two cases (Cases 1 and 5) underwent an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan at the initial stage, 3 cases (Cases 2-4) underwent an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan for restaging, and one case (Case 5) underwent a second 18F-FDG PET/CT scan for evaluating treatment response. Among the 8 lesions, there was one false-negative metastatic lesion (Lesion 4, Case 3) and one false-positive adrenal gland lesion (Lesion 7, Case 5) when compared with either histopathologic reports or established clinical and imaging follow-up results. In general, 18F-FDG PET/CT scans have limitations that make it difficult to distinguish between malignant and benign lesions in adrenal glands that are based only on quantitative values measured using the 18F-FDG PET/CT scan.