bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Appropriation of literacy technologies in the classroom: reflections from creative learning design workshops with primary school teachers
Authors: Vasalou Asimina , Vezzoli Yvonne , Joye Nelly , Sumner Emma , Benton Laura , Herbert Elisabeth , Gan Liping
Published: March 2022

Background:

Approaches to teacher professional development, such as learning designs (LDs), can facilitate primary school teachers' appropriation of literacy technology in the classroom. LDs are detailed learning activities and interventions designed by teachers to plan their use of technology.

Methods:

Using a creative design methodology to carry out a series of LD workshops with teachers, we aimed to understand how primary school teachers envision learning and teaching with two distinct technologies designed to support children's reading skills: a game and an e‐reader. Employing systematic qualitative content analysis, we compared LDs developed by teachers for each technology.

Results:

Our study shows that while principles of teacher instruction are consistently incorporated across the LDs, the design of each technology plays an important role in how teachers plan their students' learning and focal reading skills. Further, teachers' perception of the technology is as important as the features of the design. Compared with the e‐reader, the game is perceived as an individual practice activity with less opportunities to learn with peers. Finally, across both technologies, teachers envision supporting additional literacy skills, beyond those designed in the technology, highlighting the importance of explicitly facilitating LDs intended to foster within‐subject learning.

Conclusions:

These findings raise a new set of considerations on how to support teachers to design literacy learning and teaching activities with technology, and also offer a new methodological approach to facilitate LDs in future research and teacher training.

Highlights

What is already known about this topic

Professional development supports teachers to appropriate literacy technologies in the classroom.

The learning design approach has been shown to facilitate professional development by placing teachers in the role of the designer.

The learning design approach can support and complement existing pedagogical approaches in the classroom, as well as to foster socio‐constructivist learning.

What this paper adds

In the context of literacy, teachers rely on the learning aims of the technology and its pedagogical approach to determine how and what their students will learn.

Teachers embed learning with peers when the technology aligns with existing social practice in the classroom.

Teachers reappropriate literacy technology designed to support reading skills to extend into other literacy skills, such as writing and oral language.

Implications for theory, policy or practice

The paper offers a learning design methodology to support teachers in creating activities that integrate literacy technologies in the classroom.

The methodology includes strategies that support teachers to embed learning with peers alongside reflecting a broad coverage of literacy learning objectives.
Effect of sturgeon gelatine hydrolysates and epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate mixtures on technological and rheological properties and viability of probiotics for fat‐free set‐type yoghurt
Authors: Piri Gheshlaghi Shima , Nikoo Mehdi , Regenstein Joe M.
Published: March 2022

Sturgeon gelatin hydrolysates combined with epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (SGH + EGCG) were incorporated in fat‐free set‐type yogurt stabilized using sturgeonish (Ysg) or bovine gelatin (Ybg). Sturgeon gelatin hydrolysates in combination with epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate increased yogurts probiotics growth during refrigerated storage. In Ysg with SGH + EGCG at 0.1 g/dL the flow behavior index (n) was decreased, and the values of consistency coefficient (k), complex viscosity (η*), and yield stress (τ0) increased. Ysg and Ybg had higher acidification rates during fermentation compared to control (Yc). However, the higher SGH + EGCG (0.3 g/dL) led to an increased syneresis and weaker hardness. Results indicated the enhanced fermentation rates, textural, and gelation of Ysg with SGH + EGCG at 0.1 g/dL.
Aotearoa New Zealand emergency medicine specialists on the provision of care at or near the end of life: A survey
Authors: Munro Andrew , Grundy Kate
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The ED is an increasingly important venue for the initiation of palliative care. We sought to characterise the opinions, experience, training and education of ED staff in Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ) with regard to specific aspects of palliative care in the NZ ED setting.

Methods

All NZ FACEMs were personally emailed a simple unstructured 16‐part survey asking questions about initiating palliative care, goals of care, initiation and availability of advance care plans, frailty screening, availability of palliative expertise, training and education, cultural safety and pastoral care of staff. All EDs were contacted and a link provided for non‐FACEM ED staff who wished to participate. Free‐text comments were analysed for dominant themes.

Results

All NZ EDs had at least one participant. There was a high level of senior medical staff engagement with 60% of NZ FACEMs participating. More than 300 free‐text comments from this group were available for theme analysis. A total of 93% of NZ FACEM respondents agree that palliative care should be able to be initiated in the ED. Only 25% of this group knew of training in serious illness conversations in the ED while only 34% felt culturally competent when providing end‐of‐life care for Māori and their whanau (family). Pastoral care for ED staff appears to be ad hoc. Time and privacy limitations were common themes.

Conclusions

There is significant opportunity for quality improvement in the initiation and provision of palliative care from the ED. Attention to how departments provide pastoral care to their staff is needed.
Comparative phosphoproteomics reveal new candidates in the regulation of spermatogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Mao Bin , Zhang Wei , Zheng Ya , Li Dong , Chen Meng‐Yan , Wang Yu‐Feng
Published: March 2022

The most common phenotype induced by the endosymbiont Wolbachia in insects is cytoplasmic incompatibility, where none or fewer progenies can be produced when Wolbachia‐infected males mate with uninfected females. This suggests that some modifications are induced in host sperms during spermatogenesis by Wolbachia. To identify the proteins whose phosphorylation states play essential roles in male reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)‐based proteomic strategy combined with titanium dioxide (TiO2) enrichment to compare the phosphoproteome of Wolbachia‐infected with that of uninfected male reproductive systems in D. melanogaster. We identified 182 phosphopeptides, defining 140 phosphoproteins, that have at least a 1.2 fold change in abundance with a P‐value of <0.05. Most of the differentially abundant phosphoproteins (DAPPs) were associated with microtubule cytoskeleton organization and spermatid differentiation. The DAPPs included proteins already known to be associated with spermatogenesis, as well as many not previously studied during this process. Six genes coding for DAPPs were knocked down, respectively, in Wolbachia‐free fly testes. Among them, Slmap knockdown caused the most severe damage in spermatogenesis, with no mature sperm observed in seminal vesicles. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the formation of individualization complex composed of actin cones was completely disrupted. These results suggest that Wolbachia may induce wide changes in the abundance of phosphorylated proteins which are closely related to male reproduction. By identifying phospho‐modulated proteins we also provide a significant candidate set for future studies on their roles in spermatogenesis.
Traumatic injury clinical trial evaluating tranexamic acid in children (TIC‐TOC): A pilot randomized trial
Authors: Nishijima Daniel K. , VanBuren John M. , Linakis Seth W. , Hewes Hilary A. , Myers Sage R. , Tran Nam K. , Ghetti Simona , Bobinski Matthew , Adelson P. David , Roberts Ian , Holmes James F. , Schalick Walton O. , Dean J. Michael , Casper T. Charles , Kuppermann Nathan ,   TIC‐TOC Collaborators of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN)
Published: March 2022

Background

The antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid (TXA) improves survival in adults with traumatic hemorrhage; however, the drug has not been evaluated in a trial in injured children. We assessed the feasibility of a large‐scale trial evaluating the effects of TXA in children with severe hemorrhagic injuries.

Methods

Severely injured children (0 up to 18th birthday) were randomized into a double‐blind randomized trial of (1) TXA 15 mg/kg bolus dose, followed by 2 mg/kg/h infusion over 8 h, (2) TXA 30 mg/kg bolus dose, followed by 4 mg/kg/h infusion over 8 h, or (3) normal saline placebo bolus and infusion. The trial was conducted at four pediatric Level I trauma centers in the United States between June 2018 and March 2020. We enrolled patients under federal exception from informed consent (EFIC) procedures when parents were unable to provide informed consent. Feasibility outcomes included the rate of enrollment, adherence to intervention arms, and ability to measure the primary clinical outcome. Clinical outcomes included global functioning (primary), working memory, total amount of blood products transfused, intracranial hemorrhage progression, and adverse events. The target enrollment rate was at least 1.25 patients per site per month.

Results

A total of 31 patients were randomized with a mean age of 10.7 years (standard deviation [SD] 5.0 years) and 22 (71%) patients were male. The mean time from injury to randomization was 2.4 h (SD 0.6 h). Sixteen (52%) patients had isolated brain injuries and 15 (48%) patients had isolated torso injuries. The enrollment rate using EFIC was 1.34 patients per site per month. All eligible enrolled patients received study intervention (nine patients TXA 15 mg/kg bolus dose, 10 patients TXA 30 mg/kg bolus dose, and 12 patients placebo) and had the primary outcome measured. No statistically significant differences in any of the clinical outcomes were identified.

Conclusion

Based on enrollment rate, protocol adherence, and measurement of the primary outcome in this pilot trial, we confirmed the feasibility of conducting a large‐scale, randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of TXA in severely injured children with hemorrhagic brain and/or torso injuries using EFIC.
Prevalence and characteristics of psychiatric morbidity treated in specialized health care in a nationwide cohort of people with newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Alastalo Aleksi , Tolppanen Anna‐Maija , Nietola Miika , Haapea Marianne , Miettunen Jouko , Hartikainen Sirpa , Jääskeläinen Erika
Published: March 2022

Objective

Psychiatric disorders have been implied as both risk factors and prodromal symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A better understanding of the history of psychiatric morbidity in people with AD may aid with understanding this relationship and highlight challenges in diagnosing AD in people with concomitant psychiatric disorders.

Methods

Medication use and Alzheimer's disease (MEDALZ) study is a nationwide register‐based cohort of people (n = 70,718) who received a clinically verified AD diagnosis in Finland in 2005–2011 and were community‐dwelling at the time of diagnosis. The study population was divided into four groups based on psychiatric morbidity treated in specialized health care. We characterized the groups using data of psychiatric and somatic illnesses, psychotropic drug use, and socioeconomic factors and investigated factors associated with prodromal AD.

Results

Altogether, 4.3% of cohort members had a psychiatric diagnosis at least five years before AD diagnosis, 3.1% had a psychiatric diagnosis only up to five years before AD diagnosis, and 1.1% had a psychiatric diagnosis both less and more than 5 years before AD. Belonging to the Prodromal group (psychiatric diagnosis within 5 years before AD diagnosis) was most strongly associated with substance abuse (RR 65.06, 95%CI 55.54–76.22). Other associated factors with the Prodromal group were female gender, use of psychotropics, stroke, and asthma/COPD.

Conclusion

Substance abuse and psychotropic drug use are common five years before AD diagnosis. These can be potential markers of possible prodromal symptoms of AD and should be acknowledged in clinical work.
Herstories in Contemporary Indian Films
Authors: Rajapandian Radha , Iyyanar Sivakumar , Arumugam Saravanakumar , Krishnan, MC Bala
Published: March 2022

The notion that being a man is more valuable than being a woman is promoted in films and television. Studies prove that children who watch movies and television are more likely to believe that boys and men are superior to girls and women. This impacts boys, who are taught from an early age to exhibit masculine characteristics and actions. Moreover, male attitudes and behaviors are influenced by the relative invisibility of women in the mass media. Over the last several decades, Indian films have witnessed a significant transformation in the way women are portrayed through films. With a focus on several typical Indian films, this article examines the rapidly changing positions of women represented in Indian films and their impact on patriarchal Indian culture. This article examines four films about women in various roles—The Great Indian Kitchen, Netrikann, Nerkonda Paarvai, and Aruvi—and the influence they have on society in general. The main objective of this article is to connect the changing roles of women in Indian films with the changing status of women in India, since films are a mirror of societal developments. This research looked at empirical information on how media influence perceptions of gender roles and actions based on those perceptions. Women in contemporary films are depicted as more self‐assured, assertive, and career‐oriented than in the past. Filmmakers should strive for gender parity in films. Despite rising awareness of the need for both girls and boys to overcome traditional gender norms, content creators have been hesitant to adopt gender‐sensitive methods of presentation.
The Image of Modern Urban Women in Early Chinese Female Films
Authors: Chu Qinghua
Published: March 2022

Shanghai and Beijing are undoubtedly the two cities most representative of China’s modernization process. The early Chinese female films Goddess (1934), New Women (1935), and Stand up, Sisters (1951) all depict how women made a living in those cities at that time, and all three films had strong social repercussions after they were released. Through the sociological analysis of several representative films, we can figure out how people of that time conceived of modern urban women's identity, their occupations, and their ways of escaping traditional roles and the problems associated with new roles. The characteristics of urban women’s identity are mainly represented in single‐parent family relationships, ineffectual same‐sex support systems, and in male‐female relationships that feature resistance and redemption. Urban women’s occupations were mainly in the service trades, such as unregistered prostitution, laundry work, and textile work. Even female teachers and female writers had no personal dignity, let alone economic independence. These films show that the independence of modern urban women cannot be achieved by individual resistance, and that the only solution is to carry out institutional reforms.
From Black Girl to Roma: Domestic Workers and the Intersection of Race/Ethnicity, Class, and Gender
Authors: Yurdakul Aslihan
Published: March 2022

Despite attempts in the last decade to improve the conditions of paid domestic work, it remains a low‐status job that is poorly paid, and domestic workers are exposed to exploitation across the world. This article analyzes two movies, Black Girl and Roma, to explore how domestic workers are reflected in cinema. The objective is to address the question “Who does the paid domestic work?” through the movies. The analysis of these movies suggests that there is a clear distinction between domestic workers and their employers defined by the intersection of race/ethnicity, class, and gender.
“Singgappenne”: Women's Sports in Tamil Cinema
Authors: Karupiah Premalatha
Published: March 2022

Women’s sports drama is a new addition to the increasing number of genres in post‐millennial Tamil cinema. This article analyzes the representation of women’s empowerment through sports in two such Tamil films: Bigil (Atlee 2019) and Kanaa (Kamaraj 2018). Bigil is a hero‐centric football movie while Kanaa is a heroine‐centric cricket movie. Qualitative content analysis was used to explore the representation of women athletes in both movies. Both movies show the various challenges women athletes face in pursuing their dreams. However, Kanaa is a more realistic portrayal of women’s sports and gives much more voice to the female protagonist when compared to Bigil. In Bigil, the coach is presented as a savior who helps women athletes excel in football. In Kanaa, the coach plays a realistic role of defending, supporting, and training his players to succeed.
Allergic and hypersensitivity conditions in non‐specialist care: Flow diagrams to support clinical practice
Authors: Ryan Dermot , Flokstra – de Blok Bertine M. J. , Clark Evangéline , Gaudin Clara , Mamodaly Myriam , Kocks Janwillem , van der Velde Jantina Lucia , Angier Liz , Romberg Kerstin , Gawlik Radek , Demoly Pascal , Tanno Luciana Kase
Published: March 2022

Most patients presenting with allergies are first seen by primary care health professionals. The perceived knowledge gaps and educational needs were recently assessed in response to which the LOGOGRAM Task Force was established with the remit of constructing pragmatic flow diagrams for common allergic conditions in line with an earlier EAACI proposal to develop simplified pathways for the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases in primary care. To address the lack of accessible and pragmatic guidance, we designed flow diagrams for five major clinical allergy conditions: asthma, anaphylaxis, food allergy, drug allergy, and urticaria. Existing established allergy guidelines were collected and iteratively distilled to produce five pragmatic and accessible tools to aid diagnosis and management of these common allergic problems. Ultimately, they should now be validated prospectively in primary care settings.
Do basophil activation tests help elucidate allergic reactions to the ingredients in COVID‐19 vaccines?
Authors: Eberlein Bernadette , Mathes Sonja , Fischer Jörg , Darsow Ulf , Biedermann Tilo , Brockow Knut
Published: March 2022

The worldwide use of COVID‐19 vaccines has shown that immediate allergic reactions to the ingredients are rare but should be clarified by means of an allergological work‐up. This review aims to highlight the current state of knowledge and possible pathogenesis based on the literature published to date. In addition to recording a detailed history and performing skin tests, cellular tests (basophil activation or basophil histamine release test) by using the vaccines or modified compounds containing polyethylene glycol (PEG), rather than unmodified PEGs, have proven to be particularly helpful. Negative results with vaccines seem to indicate tolerance. Details of the performance of these cellular tests with different vaccines, PEGs of different molecular weights, other ingredients of the vaccines, as well as other PEGylated drugs, and the results in the context of COVID‐19 vaccination of various working groups worldwide are summarized.
First COVID‐19 lockdown resulted in most respiratory viruses disappearing among hospitalised children, with the exception of rhinoviruses
Authors: Nenna Raffaella , Matera Luigi , Pierangeli Alessandra , Oliveto Giuseppe , Viscido Agnese , Petrarca Laura , La Regina Domenico Paolo , Mancino Enrica , Di Mattia Greta , Villani Alberto , Midulla Fabio
Published: March 2022

Aim

Emergency room admissions have decreased globally during the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly for respiratory diseases. We evaluated hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in the first year of the Italian pandemic and compared them with the corresponding period in 2016–2017.

Methods

The study was carried out at the Sapienza University in Rome, Italy, and covered 9 March to 28 February 2020–2021 and 2016–2017. We tested 85 hospitalised children who were negative for the virus that causes COVID‐19 in 2020–2021 and compared them with 476 hospitalised children from 2016–2017, as we had also tested nasal washing samples for 14 respiratory viruses during that period.

Results

Hospitalisations for acute respiratory tract infections were 82.2% lower in 2020–2021 than 2016–2017. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and several other viruses were detected less frequently during the pandemic. An extraordinary finding was that rhinoviruses remained seasonal. In 2020–2021, we detected a virus in 54.1% of the hospitalised children: rhinoviruses in 41, RSV in 4 and other viruses in 1. This was significantly lower than the 71.6% in 2016–2017: RSV in 130, rhinoviruses in 128 and other viruses in 83.

Conclusion

Pandemic measures dramatically reduced childhood respiratory infections, particularly RSV, but were less effective at reducing rhinoviruses.
Assessment of post‐partum haemorrhage risk among women with moderate thrombocytopenia
Authors: Arcudi Sara , Ronchi Alice , Capecchi Marco , Iurlaro Enrico , Ossola Manuela W. , Mancini Ilaria , Schivardi Gabriella , Marconi Anna Maria , Podda Gian Marco , Artoni Andrea
Published: March 2022

It is unknown whether moderate thrombocytopenia represents a risk factor for post‐partum haemorrhage (PPH). We assessed PPH risk among women with a platelet count of between 100 and 50 × 109/l and stratified the risk for O/non‐O blood group. We included consecutive women undergoing vaginal delivery or caesarean section with moderate thrombocytopenia. Women with >150 × 109/l platelets at delivery were selected as controls and matched for age, type of birth and ethnicity. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated as risk estimates. A total of 94 thrombocytopenic women and 94 controls were included in the study. The rate of PPH was significantly higher in thrombocytopenic women than in controls (37% vs. 10%, p < 0.001); there was a higher risk of PPH in the thrombocytopenic group when compared to the control group (adjusted OR 4.7, 95% CI 2.1–10.8, p < 0.01) and this association was stronger in blood group O carriers (adjusted OR 11.0, 95% CI 2.4–49.6, p < 0.01). In conclusion, our study shows that a moderate thrombocytopenia is a risk factor for PPH, especially in blood group O carriers.
Embryonal and non‐meningothelial mesenchymal tumors of the central nervous system – Advances in diagnosis and prognostication
Authors: Meredith David M. , Alexandrescu Sanda
Published: March 2022

The 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System introduces new entities, and provides updated guidance regarding the diagnostic criteria for tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). CNS embryonal tumors and CNS non‐meningothelial mesenchymal tumors can be challenging for practicing pathologists, as the histologic features are not always specific to a particular entity, and integration of microscopic and molecular findings is necessary. This review on CNS embryonal and non‐meningothelial mesenchymal tumors is meant to provide an update with a focus on WHO changes and additions and on recent discoveries with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.
Multiple drivers and controls of pockmark formation across the Canterbury Margin, New Zealand
Authors: Micallef Aaron , Averes Tanita , Hoffmann Jasper , Crutchley Gareth , Mountjoy Joshu J. , Person Mark , Cohen Denis , Woelz Susanne , Bury Sarah J. , Ahaneku Chibuzo Valeria , Spatola Daniele , Luebben Neeske , Miserocchi Stefano , Krastel Sebastian , Torelli Martina , Omosanya Kamaldeen. O. L.
Published: March 2022

Shallow seabed depressions attributed to focused fluid seepage, known as pockmarks, have been documented in all continental margins. In this study, we demonstrate how pockmark formation can be the result of a combination of multiple factors—fluid type, overpressures, seafloor sediment type, stratigraphy and bottom currents. We integrate multibeam echosounder and seismic reflection data, sediment cores and pore water samples, with numerical models of groundwater and gas hydrates, from the Canterbury Margin (off New Zealand). More than 6800 surface pockmarks, reaching densities of 100 per km2, and an undefined number of buried pockmarks, are identified in the middle to outer shelf and lower continental slope. Fluid conduits across the shelf and slope include shallow to deep chimneys/pipes. Methane with a biogenic and/or thermogenic origin is the main fluid forming flow and escape features, although saline and freshened groundwaters may also be seeping across the slope. The main drivers of fluid flow and seepage are overpressure across the slope generated by sediment loading and thin sediment overburden above the overpressured interval in the outer shelf. Other processes (e.g. methane generation and flow, a reduction in hydrostatic pressure due to sea‐level lowering) may also account for fluid flow and seepage features, particularly across the shelf. Pockmark occurrence coincides with muddy sediments at the seafloor, whereas their planform is elongated by bottom currents.
Multilateral bargaining with proposer selection contest
Authors: Kim Duk Gyoo , Kim Sang‐Hyun
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the competition to be selected as the proposer in a subsequent multilateral bargaining game experimentally. The experimental environment varies in two dimensions: reservation payoffs (homogeneous or heterogeneous) and information on the extent of each subject's investment in the competition (public or private). The proposer's share was significantly lower than what theory predicts, and with taking into account the proposer's partial rent extraction, subjects over‐invest to increase their chances of winning the right to propose. More importantly, we find that inefficiency (due to the costly competition) and inequity go hand in hand; the surplus was distributed most efficiently and most equally when subjects were informed of who had spent how much in the competition, and slightly more when the reservation payoffs were heterogeneous. The proportion of proposals being rejected was smaller in the public treatments than in the private treatments. This study contributes to the literature by identifying formal rules that are more effective in establishing efficient informal norms.
How are new drugs disseminated in Japan? Analysis using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims of Japan
Authors: Watanabe Tomone , Sugiyama Takehiro , Imai Kenjiro , Higashi Takahiro
Published: March 2022

Drug lag refers to the difference in the time of a new drug's approval in different countries; the dissemination of the new drug after approval within the countries is another problem. We examined the nationwide dissemination of 11 cancer drugs approved in Japan between 2011 and 2015 using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims data. We extracted data on the number of cancer drug prescriptions from 47 prefectures and associated demographic information, such as age and sex. Eight diabetes drugs were also examined for comparison. We observed a lag between the marketing approval date of the drugs and their first use. To further explore the rise and pattern of each drug’s dissemination, we analyzed the trend of the cumulative number and total of new prescriptions for each prefecture. The results showed that the first month of new cancer drug prescriptions varied across prefectures. On average, they lagged by up to 2 months in the slowest prefectures, whereas the variation was almost nonexistent for diabetes drugs. The patterns of dissemination varied more among cancer drugs across the seven Japanese geographical regions. After the initial prescription, the number of prescriptions showed a steep rise for most cancer drugs, whereas the increase was gradual for diabetes drugs. In conclusion, the dissemination of cancer drugs had a greater lag time than that of diabetes drugs. Further research is needed to explore the causative factors to ensure that all effective drugs are equally accessible for those who need them.
Family dynamics in kinship care
Authors: Rose Lilian , Taylor Emily P. , Di Folco Simona , Dupin Melanie , Mithen Heather , Wen Zhanhui
Published: March 2022

Kinship care is the first choice for out‐of‐home care in the United Kingdom. Family context is described as both a strength and a weakness of kinship care arrangements with limited research examining how kinship carers understand and experience their family dynamics; the focus of this study. Data were harvested from 106 interaction reports with 63 kinship carers who accessed a Kinship Care Helpline in Scotland over a 2‐month period. Three themes and several subthemes were identified: balancing act; agency and control; changing families. Data showed that kinship carers were managing complex family dynamics organized around welfare of the child, in which carers had to facilitate contact with birth parents that were sometimes perceived as posing a risk to the child. Carers described having to manage their own feelings about birth parents' behaviour and its effect on children. The demands of meeting the child's needs on carer wellbeing were described as a balancing act, negatively impacted upon by limited control over decision‐making. Kinship carers showed resilience in navigating complex, sometimes distressing family dynamics in their drive to provide a stable and positive environment for the child, compromised by ongoing exposure to threats and lack of control over decision‐making.
Population genetics of PDE4B (phosphodiesterase‐4B) in neglected Native Americans: Implications for cancer pharmacogenetics
Authors: Moreira Rennan Garcias , Saraiva‐Duarte Julia Maria , Pereira Alexandre Costa , Sosa‐Macias Martha , Galaviz‐Hernandez Carlos , Santolalla Meddly Lesley , Magalhães Wagner C. S. , Zolini Camila , Leal Thiago Peixoto , Balázs Zsolt , Llerena Adrián , Gilman Robert H. , Mill José Geraldo , Borda Victor , Guio Heinner , O’Connor Timothy D. , Tarazona‐Santos Eduardo , Rodrigues‐Soares Fernanda
Published: March 2022

PDE4B (phosphodiesterase‐4B) has an important role in cancer and in pharmacology of some disorders, such as inflammatory diseases. Remarkably in Native Americans, PDE4B variants are associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) relapse, as this gene modulates sensitivity of glucocorticoids used in ALL chemotherapy. PDE4B allele rs6683977.G, associated with genomic regions of Native American origin in US‐Hispanics (admixed among Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans), increases ALL relapse risk, contributing to an association between Native American ancestry and ALL relapse that disappeared with an extra‐phase of chemotherapy. This result insinuates that indigenous populations along the Americas may have high frequencies of rs6683977.G, but this has never been corroborated. We studied ancestry and PDE4B diversity in 951 healthy individuals from nine Latin American populations. In non‐admixed Native American populations rs6683977.G has frequencies greater than 90%, is in linkage disequilibrium with other ALL relapse associated and regulatory variants in PDE4B‐intron‐7, conforming haplotypes showing their highest worldwide frequencies in Native Americans (>0.82). Our findings inform the discussion on the pertinence of an extra‐phase of chemotherapy in Native American populations, and exemplifies how knowledge generated in US‐Hispanics is relevant for their even more neglected and vulnerable Native American ancestors along the American continent.
Experience with opioids does not modify the brain network involved in expectations of placebo analgesia
Authors: Wicht Corentin A. , Mouthon Michael , Nsimire Chabwine Joelle , Gaab Jens , Spierer Lucas
Published: March 2022

Placebo analgesia (PA) is defined as a psychobiological phenomenon triggered by the information surrounding an analgesic drug instead of its inherent pharmacological properties. PA is hypothesized to be formed through either verbal suggestions or conditioning. The present study aims at disentangling the neural correlates of expectations effects with or without conditioning through prior experience using the model of PA.

We addressed this question by recruiting two groups of individuals holding comparable verbally‐induced expectations regarding morphine analgesia but either (i) with or (ii) without prior experience with opioids. We then contrasted the two groups' neurocognitive response to acute heat‐pain induction following the injection of sham morphine using electroencephalography (EEG). Topographic ERP analyses of the N2 and P2 pain evoked potential components allowed to test the hypothesis that PA involves distinct neural networks when induced by expectations with or without prior experience.

First, we confirmed that the two groups showed corresponding expectations of morphine analgesia (Hedges' gs < .4 positive control criteria, gs = .37 observed difference), and that our intervention induced a medium‐sized PA (Hedges' gav ≥ .5 positive control, gav = .6 observed PA). We then tested our hypothesis on the recruitment of different PA‐associated brain networks in individuals with versus without prior experience with opioids and found no evidence for a topographic N2 and P2 ERP components difference between the two groups. Our results thus suggest that in the presence of verbally‐induced expectations, modifications in the PA‐associated brain activity by conditioning are either absent or very small.
Algorithm for generating negative cases for collaborative filtering recommender
Authors: Song Gil Jae , Song Hee Seok
Published: March 2022

Most collaborative filtering recommenders based on deep learning utilize implicit feedback information such as likes and bookmarks to infer user preferences rather than explicit feedback such as ratings provided by users. However, collaborative filtering models utilizing implicit feedback pose a chronic problem, that is, the “one‐class” problem (also known as the one‐class collaborative filtering problem), which causes trivial solutions due to lack of negative examples. A one‐class problem free‐boosting (OCF‐B) algorithm is proposed in this study to solve the one‐class problem by considering a user's preference pattern when generating negative cases and training the model with both positive and negative cases. More specifically, the OCF‐B algorithm iteratively selects negative cases that exacerbate the loss value of the object function and replace them with other negative cases when extracting negative cases from unknown cells of the user–item interaction matrix. In an experiment using four datasets, the results show that negative cases selected meticulously via the OCF‐B algorithm improve the prediction performance not only for negative cases, but also for positive cases. In addition, the prediction performance was better than that of the existing zero‐injection method.
Strain localization and crack initiation behavior of a PM Ni‐based superalloy: SEM‐DIC characterization and crystal plasticity simulation
Authors: Jiang Rong , Zhang Wentian , Zhang Leicheng , Zhao Yang , Zhang Lu , Song Yingdong
Published: March 2022

The strain localization and crack initiation behavior of a powder metallurgy (PM) nickel‐based superalloy FGH4098 under low cycle fatigue (LCF) loads at room temperature is investigated by combining scanning electron microscope (SEM)‐digital image correlation (DIC) characterization with crystal plasticity simulation. The elastic anisotropy near annealing twin boundaries contributes to strain localization and results in high propensity of LCF failure. The effect of local microstructure on the fatigue crack initiation at {111} slip bands and tortuous crack propagation is revealed. Meanwhile, local crystal plasticity finite element cyclic deformation simulation is carried out based on explicit microstructure reconstructed from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization. Four metrics of accumulated shear strain, effective plastic strain, shear strain energy dissipation density, and Fatemi–Socie parameter are selected as fatigue indicator parameters to predict crack initiation site. Fatemi–Socie parameter is proved to be a promising metric for crack initiation prediction.
How well do species distribution models predict occurrences in exotic ranges?
Authors: Nguyen Dat , Leung Brian
Published: March 2022

Aim

Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used predictive tools to forecast potential biological invasions. However, the reliability of SDMs extrapolated to exotic ranges remains understudied, with most analyses restricted to few species and equivocal results. We examine the spatial transferability of SDMs for 647 non‐indigenous species extrapolated across 1,867 invaded ranges, and identify what factors may help differentiate predictive success from failure.

Location

Global.

Time period

Current.

Major taxa studied

Six hundred and forty‐seven terrestrial species; eight taxonomic classes.

Methods

We performed a large‐scale assessment of the transferability of SDMs using two modelling approaches: generalized additive models (GAMs) and MaxEnt. We fitted SDMs on the native ranges of species and extrapolated them to exotic ranges. We examined the influence of general factors and factors related to biological invasions on spatial transferability.

Results

Despite both modelling approaches performing well in the range of the species used for fitting, we observed moderate to low spatial transferability on average (mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] ~ .7) when extrapolating to their invaded ranges. Transferability differed between taxonomic classes and invaded continents and was positively influenced by the performance of the model and environmental generalism in the native range, and the year of first record. Models performed worse with greater environmental coverage in the exotic range, gross domestic product and number of occurrences in the native range, geographic distance between ranges and when extrapolating to islands.

Main conclusions

After controlling for sampling bias, half of SDMs were only weakly predictive, which should affect how SDM‐based forecasts are interpreted. Performance differed based on characteristics of the data, species, and ranges, and can suggest when SDMs may be reliable and when we should be most cautious. These considerations touch directly upon the potential use of SDMs for management of biological invasions. We discuss possible mechanisms of these findings.
Modifiable intrinsic factors related to occupational falls in older workers
Authors: Osuka Yosuke , Okubo Yoshiro , Nofuji Yu , Sasai Hiroyuki , Seino Satoshi , Maruo Kazushi , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Oka Hiroyuki , Shinkai Shoji , Lord Stephen R , Kim Hunkyung
Published: March 2022

Aim

Identification of modifiable intrinsic factors for occupational falls is required for initiating effective fall prevention strategies for older workers. This study aimed to identify modifiable intrinsic factors related to falls during occupational activities among older workers.

Methods

This retrospective study involved 1164 older workers (aged ≥60 years, workdays ≥4/month) sampled from 18 public employment agencies for seniors in Saitama, Japan. Participants were assessed regarding the following 10 modifiable intrinsic factors: multimorbidity, polypharmacy, fall‐risk‐increasing medication use, self‐rated vision and hearing, functional strength, bilateral stepping, standing balance, executive function and visuospatial ability. The number of falls during occupational activities in the past year was also recorded.

Results

In total, 111 falls occurred in 73 of the 1164 participants during occupational activities in the past year. A negative binomial regression model showed that use of fall‐risk‐increasing medications (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08, 4.60, P = 0.031), reduced functional strength (IRR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.21, P = 0.042), poor standing balance (IRR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.09, P = 0.023) and poor visuospatial ability (IRR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.36, P = 0.034) were independently associated with occupational falls.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the assessment of medication use, functional strength, standing balance and visuospatial ability in regular health checks in the workplace may be useful for screening older workers at risk of occupational falls. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 338–343.
Eliciting preferences for continuing medication among adult patients and parents of children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Khan Muhammad Umair , Balbontin Camila , Bliemer Michiel C. J. , Aslani Parisa
Published: March 2022

Background

Adherence to medication for attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is less than optimal. Previous studies have primarily focused on qualitative assessment of factors that influence medication adherence.

Objective

This study aimed to quantify the factors that influence patient and parent preferences for continuing ADHD medication.

Method

A discrete‐choice experiment was conducted to investigate preferences. Adults, and parents of children, with ADHD were presented with eight hypothetical choice tasks of three options (Medication A, Medication B, No Medication) described by six attributes related to medication outcomes. Preferences were estimated using a mixed multinomial logit model.

Results

Overall, respondents' preferences (n = 216) for continuing medication were negative (mean [β] = −1.426, p < .001); however, a significant heterogeneity in preferences was observed amongst respondents (standard deviation = 0.805, p < .001). Improvements in education, aggressive behaviour, social behaviour and family functioning, and side effects and stigma, influenced respondents' decision to continue taking medication. The respondents were willing to continue medication if they experienced positive effects, but side effects (even moderate) were the strongest concern for not continuing medication. While side effects were the most important factor for both adult patients and parents of children with ADHD, improvement in education was relatively more important for adults and improvement in aggressive behaviour, social behaviour and family functioning was relatively more important for parents of children with ADHD. Parents were more likely to not continue a medication with severe side effects even at the highest level of improvement in education.

Conclusions

Side effects are the most important factor that influenced preferences for continuing medication for both adults with ADHD, as well as parents of children with ADHD. While overall the respondents preferred not to take/give medication, discrete‐choice experiment showed that the relative importance of factors that influenced continuation of medications was different for the two groups.

Patient and Public Involvement

Adults, and parents of children, with ADHD participated in this study by completing the online questionnaire. The questionnaire was based on findings of research in the literature, as well as earlier focus groups conducted with adults, and parents of children, with ADHD. The face validity of the questionnaire was determined by asking parents of children, and adults, with ADHD (n = 3) to complete the survey and participate in a short discussion on their understanding of the questions and their recommendations on improving the clarity of the survey.
Mediterranean thinking in migration studies: A methodological regionalism approach
Authors: Zapata‐Barrero Ricard
Published: March 2022

The core reflection of this article is to explore the potential of using the Mediterranean as a category of analysis for migration studies, what epistemological and ontological effects this may have and how this could be done. To better capture this focus, I will speak about Med‐Thinking. This Mediterranean scale of analysis invites us to follow methodological regionalism. In practice, this means that we need to encourage scholars to channel their findings towards the development of a Mediterranean approach. To develop an integrative and reflexive regional approach, I will first point out the background premises of such a normative effort and second, I will present the main analytical tools framing this Med‐Thinking approach by articulating four main dimensions: epistemic solipsism, holism, homeostatic and positive thinking on migration. In the end, I will suggest some paths to promote the continued application of the Med‐Thinking approach for the development of Mediterranean migration studies.
US and them: Job quality differences between natives and immigrants in Europe
Authors: García‐Serrano Carlos , Hernanz Virginia
Published: March 2022

Using microdata from the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU‐LFS) and aggregate indicators of labour market institutions, this article compares the job quality of native and non‐native workers across European countries and analyses the impact of the institutional settings on the job quality differential between both groups. The LFS is used to measure a job quality index for the period 2005–2017. We find that some immigrant groups fare worse than natives, the contribution of the “composition effect” to explain this differential is large, and the institutional framework affects the immigration gap in job quality. In particular, some labour market institutions (more centralized wage bargaining, stricter employment protection legislation) tend to be detrimental for immigrants relative to natives, while integration policies seem to work well in reducing these differences.
The effect of stock liquidity on corporate cash holdings: The real investment motive
Authors: Im Hyun Joong , Oliver Barry , Park Heungju
Published: March 2022

This study examines the relationship between stock liquidity and corporate cash holdings and explores a new economic mechanism driving this relationship. Using a regression discontinuity design approach based on the annual reconstitution of the Russell 1000/2000 indices, we find that stock liquidity has a positive causal effect on corporate cash holdings. This effect is more pronounced for firms with more investment opportunities. These results suggest that enhanced stock liquidity increases corporate cash holdings by expanding the set of investment opportunities. Our evidence supports the real investment motive over the repurchase motive.