bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Mechanical Properties of Jute-Banana-Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites under Various Post Curing Temperature
Authors: Ramesh M. , Vimal R. , Hara Subramaniyan K. Hari , Aswin C. , Ganesh B. , Deepa C.
Published: June 2015

With recent developments in technology and science, we have been depending heavily on synthetic materials for various applications. In the present work, jute, banana and glass fibers are reinforced with epoxy resin in alternative positioning and various probabilities at different post curing temperature to form sandwich type composites. The composite block was cured at room temperature for 24hrs. The cold cured composite block was then post cured at various post curing temperature of 30°C, 60°C, 90°C, 120°C, 150°C and 180°C and 3KPa pressure in the hot press for 10minutes. The tensile and flexural properties of the composites obtained at different post curing temperature were studied. The morphology of the tensile fracture was studied using scanning electron microscopy analysis.
A Study on Machinability Performance of Silicon Carbide Paticulate Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Ganesh R. , Satyaprakash R. , Prakash M. , Kesavan Chandrasekaran
Published: June 2015

This paper aims to understand the influence of sintering temperature on the drilling performance of Al 2219 – SiCp composite. This type of composite is currently used in aerospace and transportation industries. Drilling is the most frequently employed operation of secondary machining owing to the need for fabrication. This composite is usually subjected to precipitation heat treatment and needs the study of influence of sintering temperature on machining performance. The composite is fabricated through powder metallurgy route. The drilling tests are conducted with PCD drill of 5 mm diameter and 118° point angle. The experiments are conducted under conditions of different spindle speeds of 500, 1000 and 1500 rpm and feed rates of 10, 15 and 20 mm/min. Specific cutting pressure and surface roughness of the hole are considered as performance indicators during the study. Weight fraction of the reinforcement and sintering temperature are found to have significant influence on the drilling performance of the composites.
Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite – An Insight into Solid State and Liquid State Processes
Authors: Padmavathi K.R. , Ramakrishnan R. , Palani Kumar K.
Published: June 2015

Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) are being considered as a group of superior material for its lightness, strength, high specific modulus, low coefficient of thermal expansion and good wear resistance properties. Solid state and liquid state processing methods are used to fabricate AMMCs. Achieving a uniform distribution of reinforcement within the matrix is one such challenge, which affects directly on the properties and quality of composite material. Powder metallurgy route, one of the solid state processing methods can be effectively used to get uniform dispersion of reinforcements with aluminium metal matrix. This paper presents the summary of the ball milling and stir casting processes to fabricate the AMMCs and its applications. Major issues like ball milling time, dispersion of reinforcements, grain size, the stirring time and speed are discussed. Also the effect of different reinforcement for AMMCs on the mechanical properties is discussed in detail.
Effect of Steel Slag on the Impact Strength of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Raja K.S. Sridhar , Raja V.K. Bupesh , Vignesh K.R. , Rao S.N. Ramana
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTAluminium alloys are used in advanced applications because their combination of high strength, low density, and durability. However, the properties of this material can be improved by using aluminium matrix composite materials. By reinforcing hard ceramic particles like SiC, Al2O3and B4C, TiO2 etc the strength of the composite can be enhanced. In this paper an effort is made to enhance the property of AMCs by reinforcing steel slag particle with A356 matrix. By varying the weight percentage of the steel slag the composite material was prepared through stir casting method. The mechanical property like hardness and impact strength of A356 was investigated and compared with that of composite material. The result reveals that by increasing the reinforcement percentage of steel slag the impact strength decreases with the increase in hardness of the composite material. The density is also compared with that of A356 composite.
Investigation of Tensile Property of Aluminium SiC Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Ghias A. Siddique Ahmed , Vijaya Ramnath B.
Published: June 2015

The composite material is a combination of two or more materials with different physical and chemical properties. The composite has superior characteristics than those individual components. A hybrid composite is the one which contains at least three materials. When the matrix material is a metal, the composite is termed as metal matrix composites (MMC). The MMC is a composite material with two constituent parts, one being a metal. The other material may be another metal, ceramic or fiber. Among all the MMC’s, Aluminium is the most widely used matrix material due to its light weight, high strength and hardness. This paper deals with the fabrication and mechanical investigation of hybrid metal matrix composite Al - SiC. The fabrication is done by stir casting by adding the required quantities of additives into the stirred molten Aluminium. The results show significant effect of mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield stress and flexural strength. The internal structure of the composite is observed using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and found that are formation of pores in them.
Effect of Volume Fraction on Surface Roughness in Turning of Hybrid Metal Matrix (A6061 A1+SiC+Graphite) Composites
Authors: Kathirvel M. , Palanikumar K.
Published: June 2015

Metal matrix composite materials are finding increased applications in many fields due to their excellent properties. Adding of one more constituent in the metal matrix make the composites hybrid. Machining of these composite materials are important and is different from the conventional materials. In the present investigation, hybrid metal matrix composites is machined by using Polycrystalline Diamond tool and the effect of volume fraction on surface roughness in turning is evaluated and presented in detail.
Mechanical Performance of Polycarbonate/ABS, Glass Filled Polycarbonate Blends – Review
Authors: Srinivasababu Nadendla , Kumar Kopparthi Phaneendra , Srikar G.
Published: June 2015

Thermoplastic materials gain their characteristic properties because of their ability to crystalline from the melt i.e. liquid to semi crystalline solids. Many authors have made several efforts in blending of various systems viz. binary, tertiary etc. to be compatible with each other to achieve enhancement of target properties. In this connection ABS, PC and its blends are studied for various applications starting from compact disc to various parts for automobiles. But there is a never ending challenge in selecting the suitable compatibilizer for two or more materials which are to be blended. Due to the recycle ability of thermoplastic materials like Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, Poly Ethylene, Poly Propylene polycarbonate invites the development of their blends/composites which will fulfill day-to-day needs of present and future generations. Hence an attempt is made in the present paper to do review on the mechanical properties viz. tensile, flexural and impact of a novel blended materials i.e. polycarbonate, glass filled polycarbonate and their blends along with the results exist in the literature.
Experimental Investigation of Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Aluminium Reinforced with MWCNT
Authors: Parswajinan Chakravarthi , Vijaya Ramnath B. , Vetrivel M. , Elanchezhian C. , Loganathan K. , Sarvesh R. , Rohit Prasanna C. , Karthik Babu R.N.
Published: June 2015

Carbon Nanotubes (CNT’s) have recently been found to possess extraordinary mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Extensive studies on the properties of CNT’s as a re-inforcing agent in Metal Matrix Composites are being investigated. In this study, powder metallurgy technique has been employed for the matrix material being Aluminium 6063 with CNT in varying concentrations as reinforcing agent. The powders are mixed thoroughly using ball milling and are compacted in a compacting die made of D-2 Steel to make green compact. It is then sintered at 350°C to 550°C at a rate of increase of 50°C per hour. Chemical, Microscopic examination, Compression and Hardness tests were performed on the specimens and were compared with pure aluminium specimens to show the effects of varying concentrations of CNT. The study indicated that there was no improvement in hardness of the composite on addition of CNT while there was an increase in compressive strength. The microstructure of pure aluminium and Al-CNT composite had fine grains of pure aluminium particles and Al-Si eutectic particles throughout the matrix phase.
Microstructural and Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Matrix Composites Reinforced with Coated SiC Particles Fabricated by Stir Casting
Authors: Dhanalakshmi S. , Jaivignesh M. , Suresh Babu A. , Shanmuga Sundaram K.
Published: June 2015

Metal matrix composites are the resultant of combination of two or more elements or compounds, possessing enhanced characteristics than the individual constituents present in them. This paper deals with the fabrication of Al 2014-SiC composite and investigation of its Microstructure and Mechanical properties. 2014 Aluminium alloy is characterized by good hardness. It is selected as the base metal. The Silicon Carbide is characterized by good strength and low density (3.21 g/cm3). It is chosen as the reinforcement. Silicon Carbide is coated with Nickel by electroless method to increase its wettability and binding properties. The fabrication of metal matrix composites is done by stir casting in a furnace, by introducing the required quantities of reinforcement into molten Aluminium alloy. The reinforcement and alloy is mixed by means of stirring, with the help of a stirrer. The base alloy and the composites are then tested for mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and hardness. The fabricated samples have higher tensile strength and impact strength than the alloy. Microstructure of the samples, are analyzed using optical microscope.
Production and Characterization of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with Al3Ni by Stir and Squeeze Casting
Authors: Ramesh R. , Roseline V. Anusha , Gowrishankar S.
Published: June 2015

In the present work AA1100/ Al3Ni MMC was successfully fabricated using the in-situ method of stirring and squeeze casting. The effects of amount of Ni powder on the formation and mechanical behavior of Al-Al3Ni MMC were investigated. The fabricated MMC was characterized using XRD and optical microscope. The XRD patterns clearly indicated the presence of Al3Ni particles without the formation of intermediate phases. The in-situ formed Al3Ni particles were found to have uniform distribution, good bonding and clear interface. The mechanical and tribological properties such as hardness, Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and dry sliding wear behavior of AA1100/ Al3Ni MMC were compared for stir and squeeze casted MMCs with different percentage in weight of Al3Ni (5, 10 wt. %) and it was found that properties improved with increase in Al3Ni content and all properties of squeeze casted MMCs were superior to stir casted MMCs.
Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Morphological Study of Coated Ceramics Using Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes with Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Sangeetha M. , Prakash S.
Published: June 2015

Aluminium alloy(A 356) has improved properties such as tension and elongation butit is decreased in hardness property compared to ceramics and therefore silicon carbideparticle (SiCp) is added with aluminium alloy to increase its hardness. Silicon Carbideparticle is abrasive and hence having poor interfacial bonding between ceramics andaluminium, so that the surface of the ceramics is coated with Multi Wall Carbon Nano Tubes(MWCNT). In this paper 10% of SiCp is taken for the experiment and coated with 1.5%, 2%,2.5% of MWCNT and this coated SiCp mixed with molten A 356 using stir casting method.The prepared castings were mechanically tested using Universal Testing Machine (UTM),Vickers hardness Testing Machine, Impact Testing Machine and Optical Microscope andtheir mechanical properties and morphological characteristics were studied
Application of Nanofluids as Coolant in Automobile Radiator – An Overview
Authors: Bupesh Raja V.K. , Unnikrishnan R. , Purushothaman R.
Published: June 2015

In this paper a literature review is made on the application of nanofluids as coolant in automobile radiators. The nanoparticles by virtue of their smaller size possess more surface area than the bulk material, which shall enable them to absorb and dissipate heat at a faster rate. Generally water and ethylene glycol are used as coolants in automobile radiators. Several investigators have used nanofluids consisting of nanosize particles of TiO2, Al2O3, SiO2, CuO, Fe2O3, etc., suspended in the coolant used in the radiator of automobiles. These investigators have observed that the application of nanofluids increases the cooling rate and shall pave way for reducing the weight and size of the radiator, there by contributing to smaller and efficient radiators.
Emission Control in Two Wheelers Using Magnesium Nanoparticle as a Catalyst
Authors: Karthikeyan A.
Published: June 2015

Automobile emission is considered as the major source of pollution. Two wheelers are the main contributors in that due to its large number. For controlling the pollution the available methods of are pre-pollution control and post pollution control. This work is based on the post pollution control method in two-wheeler automobiles using magnesium as a catalyst. To achieve this objective, an innovative design of catalytic converter for two-wheeler automobiles is proposed using magnesium nanoparticle as a catalyst. This proposed method aims in the prevention of environmental pollution contributed from two-wheeler automobiles. It involves the use of magnesium which is cheaper than the counter parts rhodium nanoparticles, platinum, and palladium.
Experimental Study of Preparation, Characterisation and Thermal Behaviour of Water-Based Nanofluids Containing Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Arulprakasajothi M. , Elangovan K. , Reddy K. Hemachandra , Suresh S.
Published: June 2015

This paper presents the preparation, characterisation and thermal behavior of TiO2/water Nanofluids with different concentration. The presence of Nanosized particles in the conventional heat transfer fluids enhances its thermo physical character. In the present work, TiO2/water Nanofluids with various volume concentrations were prepared by dispersing a specified amount of spherical sized TiO2 Nanoparticles in distilled water without any surfactant. To get a uniform dispersion and stable suspension, the Nanofluids were kept under ultrasonic vibration continuously for 3 hours. Zeta potential measurement brought detailed insight into the causes of dispersion, aggregation of Nanofluids. The KD2 Pro, fully portable thermal properties analyser, was used to measure thermal conductivity of nanofluids. The viscosity of the nanofluid was measured using a Brookfield Viscometer. The experimental results show that the thermal conductivity increases with an increase of particle volume fraction and the enhancement was observed to be 9.22% over the base fluid for volume concentration of 0.75%. From the experimental observations, enhancement in thermal conductivity is larger than the enhancement in viscosity.
Tensile and Flexural Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Nano Polymer Composite Panels
Authors: Anbusagar N.R.R. , Palanikumar K. , Vigneswaran R. , Rajmohan M. , Sengottuvel P.
Published: June 2015

This paper investigates the effect of nanoclay content on glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites under tensile and flexural loading. Four different combinations of GFRP composite panels made of fiber glass/nanomodified polyester resin have been prepared by hand lay-up manufacturing technique (HL). Composite samples are tested for tensile and flexural properties. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has given morphological picture of the FRP fracture samples. The results showed that the tensile and flexural strength is greatly increased over the range of nanoclay loading by about 23% and 40% respectively.
Vulcanization, Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Carbon Black/Nanoclay Reinforced Natural Rubber Hybrid Composites
Authors: Ravikumar K. , Palanivelu K. , Ravichandran K.
Published: June 2015

In this present work the effect of reinforcement of hybrid fillers such as nanoclay and carbon black in natural rubber were studied. Sodium bentonite clay was organically modified with octadecyl amine using cation exchange reaction and characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM. The organomodified clay with 5 phr loading and also with carbon black (CB) of 25 phr loading were incorporated into natural rubber by using a two-roll mixing mill. Vulcanization, mechanical and dielectric properties were studied. Vulcanization and mechanical properties of natural rubber increases on addition of organomodified clay and also with combination of clay and carbon black compared to unmodified clay and gum compounds. Dielectric properties such dielectric constant, dielectric loss and volume resistivity were studied at room temperature and found improved results of the combination of modified clay/CB filled hybrid composites.
Effects of 4.5% Copper Addition and Melt Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Properties of Al-7Si Alloy
Authors: Shivaprasad C.G. , Aithal Kiran , Narendranath S. , Desai Vijay , Mukunda P.G.
Published: June 2015

The present study describes the effects of addition of 4.5 wt% of copper on microstructure and wear properties of cast Al-7Si base alloy. Grain refiner (1 wt% of Al-1Ti-3B) and grain modifier (0.2 wt% of Al-10Sr) were added together to Al-7Si base alloy and Al-7Si-4.5Cu alloy and effect of alloy composition, microstructure and normal pressure on wear properties were studied. Results indicated that combined grain refined and modified Al-7Si-4.5Cu alloys had uniformly distributed α-Al grains, eutectic Al-Si and fine CuAl2 particles in the inter dendritic region. In both alloys (Al-7Si and Al-7Si-4.5Cu) the wear properties improved after combined melt treatment. The addition of 4.5% copper resulted in improved wear characteristics as compared to both untreated and treated Al-7Si alloys. SEM / EDS analysis were carried out on cast alloys and worn surfaces.
Investigation on the Laser Based Actuation of Single way Trained SMA Sheet and their Application for the Development of Micro Positioning Stage
Authors: Nath Tameshwer , Kasliwal Abhilash , Kulkarni Kartik , Singh Raghunandan , Khatri Ritesh , Raut Gaurav , Kumar Alok , Mittal Sahil , Palani I.A.
Published: June 2015

Shape memory alloy (SMA) is an intermetallic compound able to recover, in a predetermined shape during a thermal cycle while generating mechanical work. The primary objective of this research is to develop a shape memory alloy based micro-positioning stage. This paper reports about the training, actuation method of NiTi shape Memory alloy thin sheets and its displacement measurement through Michelson Interferometer. The SMA based Tripod was fabricated the actuation was done using an electrical biasing with 5 A(1.2 Volt) where a displacement of around 6.10 mm was achieved. The actuation studies were also performed using a laser with a optimum fluence of 100 mJ/cm2 that is of upto7.25 mm achieved.
Tribo-Thermal Based Evaluation of Non Asbestos Disc Brake Pad Formulation
Authors: Thiyagarajan V. , Vijay R. , Sivakumar K. , Harigovindhan R.l.
Published: June 2015

Performance of Non Asbestos brake pad requires the optimization of numerous criteria. Alumina fibre is a metallic material which is light weight, excellent wear resistance, thermal stability and structural reinforcement properties. Hence the present work deals with the development of three friction composites in the form of standard disc brake pads using same ingredients in same proportion except alumina fiber containing 7%wt, 11%wt & 14% wt which is compensated by synthetic barites (filler) containing 16%wt, 12%wt & 9% wt and designated as NA01, NA02 and NA03 respectively. Various physical, thermal and mechanical characterizations are carried out as per IS2742 Part 3 standards in which the loss of ignition decreased while the specific gravity, compressive strength and hardness increased with the fiber increase. Then the tribological properties (Fade and Recovery) are tested using Chase Test following IS2742 Part 4 standards. The fade μ and recovery μ % were significantly influenced by the amount of fibre combinations. It was proved that, increase in amount of alumina fibre % had significant effect on fade μ %.Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) proves that higher fiber content has more thermal stability leading to good fade resistance. Over all NA03 formulation is proved as superlative performer.
Development and Characterization of Al-Si-Cu FGM Using Centrifuge Technique
Authors: Aithal S. Kiran , Babu N. Ramesh , Manjunath H.N. , Narendranath S. , Desai Vijay
Published: June 2015

In this work Al-Si-Cu Functionally Graded Material (FGM) is developed using centrifuge technique. The method used in this work to produce FGM is totally different compared to other centrifugal process which helped in producing solid cylindrical parts. The FGM is characterized through Microstructure and Hardness and it is found that the Cu segregated at the bottom of the casting and Si at the top due to the density difference. Similarly the hardness and the ultimate tensile strength at the bottom of the casting and at the top of the casting region is more when compared to region in-between the top and bottom of the casting.
Tensile Property Evaluation of Woven Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic and Aluminium Stack
Authors: Ramya Devi G. , Palanikumar K.
Published: June 2015

The desire of weight reduction and improved damage tolerance characteristics of the aircraft structures throws a light on the development on Fiber Metal Laminates (FML), one of the hybrid composites, with the combination of metallic and non-metallic layers. In this study, laminates of alternating layers of aluminium (metal) and glass fibers with Woven Roving mat is fabricated. Tensile test based on ASTM standard are then conducted on the laminates to study their yield properties. The interfacial bonding between the layers are analyzed using the Scanning Electron Microscopy of tested specimens.
Experimental Analysis of Storage of Solar Energy in Phase Change Materials Encapsulated in Copper Cylinders
Authors: Ramachandran S.
Published: June 2015

The Demand and increase in the cost of fossil fuels have made the entire world to turn towards the renewable energy resources. There are various renewable energy out of which solar energy is the efficient energy and available in abundant. The main disadvantage of solar energy is that it is not continuous and it is available only in the day time and so the storage of solar thermal energy is considered as an important one. In this study, thermal energy is transmitted through the therminol-55 oil which is the Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF). D-Mannitol-a white, crystalline solid with the chemical formula C6H8(OH)6 is taken as the Phase Change Material (PCM) and stored inside the copper cylindrical encapsulations. The D-mannitol PCM was stored in the copper cylinder encapsulations with and without fins. These encapsulations were immersed in a cylindrical mild steel tank containing HTF. The therminol-55 oil was allowed to flow through the solar parabolic trough collector to transfer heat. Along with this, an additional heater was provided for heating HTF up to the temperature 300oC. This hot oil was allowed to flow in to the PCM tank where the PCM copper cylinders were immersed. The experiments were conducted in two stages one with finned encapsulations and another without finned encapsulations. Here the experiments were done in two modes one is charging mode and another one is discharging mode. In charging mode the temperature of the HTF was raised to 300oC and was allowed to cool during its discharging mode to 120 oC. The time taken for the charging and discharging of heat was measured to analyse the heat transfer study of thermal storage system.
Experimental Investigation on Enhancement of Heat Transfer in Thermal Energy Storage System Using Paraffin Wax as PCM
Authors: Beemkumar N. , Karthikeyan A.
Published: June 2015

An experimental study is conducted to investigate heat transfer enhancement in Thermal Energy Storage system (TES) with paraffin wax as a Phase Change Material (PCM). Therminol 66 is used as a heat transfer fluid (HTF) to carry the heat throughout circuit. The PCM is encapsulated in spherical shells which is stored in the storage tank. The work includes study of heat transfer rates between HTF and PCM with different encapsulation materials namely Copper, Aluminium and Brass. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the time required and heat transfer rates of HTF during the processes of charging and discharging of the PCM. Experimentally, Copper was found to have the maximum heat transfer rate and Brass was found to have the least cost/kW of energy stored. In discharging process, the cumulative heat gained by HTF from the brass encapsulated PCM is higher (1419.8 kJ) than aluminium (1199.96 kJ) and copper (815.24 kJ). Thus it can be concluded the brass is the most economical encapsulating material for enhancing the heat transfer in a thermal storage system than copper. The heat transfer from the HTF to PCM occurs in copper are 4.9% faster when compared to Brass and 2.3% faster than Aluminum encapsulation. On the other hand, The cost per kW energy transfer from the different encapsulated materials proves that the brass is cost effective during both charging and discharging process.
Numerical Investigation on Vertical Generator Integrated with Phase Change Materials in Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System
Authors: Ponshanmugakumar A. , Badrinarayanan Sridharan , Deepak P. , Sivaraman H. , Vignesh Kumar R.
Published: June 2015

A model has been established based on numerical calculation to analyze a vertical tube in tube stainless steel generator with forced convective boiling. Refrigerant vapour is generated from the weak refrigerant-absorbent solution takes place in the middle tube of the generator, when hot water through the outer side is used as boiling medium and the pipe arrays inserted is the phase change material containment. This paper shows the results of the TRNSYS modeling and simulation of a solar absorption cooling system under the weather conditions of Chennai in order to partially satisfy the thermal demand of a building room. The maximum hourly thermal load reaches 165 kW. The suggested model operates with concentrating parabolic collectors, a NH3-H2O single effect absorption air-conditioning system, hot water storage with PCM and an external auxiliary boiler. As a result of the method simplifying for the varying climate and different orientation of the components are analyzed. These outcomes show that the prime system could succeed a yearly solar fraction of 0.58.
Different Aspects of Phase Change Material Encapsulation for Sub Cool Thermal Storage - A Review
Authors: Ponshanmugakumar A. , Vigneswaran R. , Rajmohan M.
Published: June 2015

This article reviews the types of containment used on bulk storage in tank heat exchangers, macro encapsulation and micro encapsulation. The various schematics of containment used in latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTS) systems are summarized. The pressure drop due to encapsulation was reviewed and the effective ways of thermal conductivity enhancement techniques are discussed. Various containment methods like Shell type, hollow spheres, packed bed, micro encapsulation along with various experiments and investigations were categorized and listed. Around 50 related articles were reviewed on PCM innovation for further studies in this area.
Advances in Photovoltaic Materials for Building Integration
Authors: Vijayalakshmi M.M.
Published: June 2015

Solar energy is inexhaustible and renewable energy, lower in cost, sustainable and independent resource for producing electricity through photovoltaic systems. Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) system became one of the most promising technologies and recently experienced extraordinary growth. There is a consensus that these advancements lead to novel methods of domestic energy generation. This paper deals with design and analysis of unitized curtain wall with photovoltaic system for a proposed office building, which is having Curtain wall area of 4890 m2. Using photovoltaic system in Unitized Curtain wall spandrel area to produce electricity through solar energy is an innovative method utilized in the proposed corporate office building. Recyclable materials like Aluminium, Glass and sealant are used in Curtain wall. By using Building Integrated Photovoltaic System (BIVP), 50% of Electricity required for the building is produced and its relative merits and cost are discussed.
Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Fill Materials in Cooling Towers
Authors: Jayaprabakar J.
Published: June 2015

The cooling water system is the industry’s primary way of conserving water. Modern water cooling towers were invented during the industrial age to dissipate heat when natural cooling water sources were available. The origin of cooling towers made the plant site selection independent of the availability of water source. The development of new, high efficiency film fills produced from light weights, flame retarded PVC reduces the size and weight of cross flow cooling towers. Today’s cooling tower combine the latest advanced materials to achieve the optimum balancing of High corrosion resistance, product durability and cost. Based on their specific functions, cooling tower components are designed using the materials with the best combination of corrosion resistance and physical properties. In this work, the coefficient of performance is determined by using Simpson’s rule and the performance of cooling tower at various L/G ratios is evaluated. The optimum approach of the tower is calculated.
Analysis of Various Materials for Service Platform in Wind Turbine Generator
Authors: Sriram V.
Published: June 2015

Wind Turbine Industry is always seeking to improve and better its product options to its customers. One way of doing so is by bettering and optimizing its existing product offerings. The structural support component of a Wind Turbine Generator, which is approximately 15% of the total wind turbine cost and includes the tower and rotor yaw mechanism. It is possible to both discreetly increase the strength of the platforms and reduce its overall cost in terms of material costs by selecting suitable alternate material. The new platform is tested for stability under practical loading conditions by the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using ANSYS software. The aim of the project is to minimize the cost and weight of the Service platform by 15-18% without compromising on its structural integrity interfaces.
Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Mixed Biodiesel Fueled CI Engine
Authors: Arunprasad S. , Balusamy Thangavel , Sivalakshmi S.
Published: June 2015

In this present paper, an attempt has been made to examine the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with blends of mixed biodiesel (Thevetia peruviana, Neem, Jatropha, Pongamia). Experiments were conducted with various blends of mixed biodiesel in CI engine for different loads. The results show that lower brake thermal efficiency and higher brake specific fuel consumption were obtained with mixed biodiesel blends when compared with diesel. Lower the value of CO and HC and higher the value of CO2 emissions were determined for mixed biodiesel blends compared to that of diesel. Also, higher in NOx and lower smoke opacity were found compared to diesel.
Determination of Abrasive Wear Resistance of Plasma Sprayed Coatings on Stainless Steel Substrate
Authors: Anderson A.
Published: June 2015

A relative study among various types of coating materials to develop wear resistance of stainless steel has been performed. Ceramic coatings with the thickness up to 250 μm were prepared by Atmospheric plasma spray technique on the stainless steel. Two different types of coating materials such that Yttria Stabilised Zirconia, Zirconia Ceria powder were used. The influence of Ceria powder on abrasive wear was determined. It was found that the addition of Ceria to Yttria Stabilised Zirconia in a sufficient amount helped in increasing its wear resistance compared to the wear behaviour of pure Yttria Stabilised Zirconia powder. Moreover, it was found that the lesser the surface roughness of the coating layer,.
Performance Evaluation of Hard Turning for AISI M2 Die Steel with Coated and Non-Coated CBN Inserts
Authors: Girishankar S. , Omkumar M.
Published: June 2015

Hard Finish Turning has been Widely Acknowledged as an Excellent Alternative for the Traditional Grinding, Especially it Enables many Intricate Machining Profiles Possible, in a Single Machining Set-up. Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) Inserts are Usually Used for Hard Turning of Superior Hardened Steel Parts to Very High Degree of Accuracy, Geometry and Surface Texture. the Performance of CBN is of Significant Importance for Hard Finish Turning, because of the High Single Cutting Edge Cost. an Array of Experiments are Conducted with Two Different Types of Low Content CBN Insert Grades, 1) Tin Coated Insert CB7015, 2) Non Coated Insert BN250 by Using a Tool Holder MTJNL2525M16 in a LT20 Classic ACE Turning Centre. the Surface Roughness is Inspected by SJ201P Surfinish Mitutoyo Profile Tester. the Parameters Determined during the Experiments are MRR, Ra, and Tool Life in Minutes, Number of Parts Machined. A Satisfactory Match has been Reached by Comparing Mathematical Model Tool Life Using Experimental Data from the General Taylor’s Tool Life Equation and Experimentally Measured Tool Life. the Cost Analysis is Carried out by Gilbert’s Approach Indicates that the Cost Incurred per Part Produced is Lesser in Tin Coated Insert. the Proposed Methodology can Help to Optimise the Hard Finish Turning Process for AISI M2 Die Steel, and Also in Evaluating the Performance of CBN Tin Coated Insert over Non-Coated Insert.
A Review on Abrasive Jet Machining Process Parameters
Authors: Madhu S. , Balasubramanian M.
Published: June 2015

Abrasive jet machining (AJM) also known as abrasive micro-blasting or Pencil blasting is an abrasive blasting machining process that uses abrasives propelled by high velocity gas to erode material from the work piece. It has been applied to rough working such as deburring and rough finishing, machining of ceramics and electronic devices. AJM has become a useful technique for micro machining. It has various distinct advantages over the other non-traditional cutting methods, which are high machining versatility, minimum stresses on the substrate. This paper deals with several experiments that have been conducted by many researchers to assess the influence of abrasive jet machining (AJM) process parameters such as type of abrasive Particle , Abrasive Particle size, Jet pressure Nozzle tip distance. Various experiments were conducted to assess the influence of abrasive jet machine.
A Study on Uniform Performance of Carbon - Carbon Matrix Composites with Ceramic Reinforcements
Authors: Manikandan M. , Surendran Surendran
Published: June 2015

Carbon - Carbon (CC) area unit extremely used as a neighborhood of various coming up with applications attributable to its weight lightweight property. Yet, this area unit got to oppose wear and acquire to be feeble for tribological applications. This marvel raises the need for Carbon - Carbon Matrix Composites (CCMCs) for elite tribological applications. For the foremost half, the fortifications area unit intercalary with the CC to structure CCMCs through fluid throwing system. The impact of fortifications in CCMCs specimens area unit tried to find the modification in mechanical and tribological properties. The mechanical properties like hardness and snap area unit tried. The wear and tear element enclosed within the modification of tribological property is focused on utilizing the minute photos. The implications of various fortifications in CCMCs area unit solid and therefore the unmatched support is distinguished for tribological applications
Effect of Process Parameters on Wear Performance in Abrasive Flow Machining
Authors: Cherian Jose , Issac Jeoju M.
Published: June 2015

The wear performance of the mild steel under different Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM) conditions was studied. Wear properties of mild steel are considerably affected by the process parameters of AFM.The effect of extrusion pressure, abrasive concentration and abrasive size during AFM on wear performance were investigated using a reciprocating wear testing machine. Experiments were conducted according to 23 factorial design of experiments for this purpose. The contribution of the process parameters on wear resistance were obtained performing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The wear rate, specific wear coefficient (Ks), wear resistance, fatigue strength and surface hardness are also considerably affected by the process parameters abrasive concentration, extrusion pressure and abrasive size.
Effects of Electrical Process Parameters and Electrode Tool Geometries in EDM of Inconel825 Material Using Zirconium Copper Electrode
Authors: Senthamilperarasu S. , Padmini P. , Shanmuganathan B. , Anbusagar N.R.R. , Sengottuvel P.
Published: June 2015

The Electrical Discharge Machine (EDM), parameters are investigated during the machining of Inconel 825 by using different tool geometry of zirconium copper electrode. Demand for better MRR, SR, and lower Tool Wear Rate are increasing recently for all materials, the low rigidity and high material removal rate of Inconel alloy offers a challenging task in obtaining output responses. The analysis of output responses such as Metal Removal Rate (MRR) of Inconel 825 material is carried out an excellent result can be obtained by using Taguchi L16 Orthogonal Array under different conditions of Parameters. The response of MRR is considered for improving machining efficiency. Optimal combination of parameters was obtained Taguchi optimization technique. The confirmation experiments results shows that the significant improvement in output responses was obtained. ANOVA have been used to analyze the contribution of individual parameters on Material Removal Rate. The experimental result demonstrates that the Taguchi method satisfies the practical requirements.
Performance and Analysis of Silicon Mixed Kerosene Servotherm in EDM of Monel 400
Authors: Karunakaran P. , Arun J. , Palanisamy V. , Anbusagar N.R.R. , Sengottuvel P.
Published: June 2015

Improving the Material Removal Rate (MRR), reduce Tool Wear Rate (TWR), achieve the good Surface Finish (SF) and Over Cut (OC) are very demanding in Electrical Discharging Machining (EDM). This paper focused on performance of Silicon powder mixed with kerosene servotherm dielectric medium in EDM of Monel 400. The optimum range of Silicon powder, Graphite powder 6g mixes with the dielectric medium of kerosene servotherm (75:25) were developed experimentally. It was reported slightly more MRR, very low TWR, better OC and good surface finish (SF) in Monel 400.
Fuzzy Modeling of Surface Roughness Parameters in Machining Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Nithyanandam J. , Palanikumar K. , Laldas Sushil
Published: June 2015

Titanium alloys are attractive materials used in different engineering applications, due to its excellent combination of properties such as high strength to weight ratio, good corrosion resistance and high temperature applicability. They are also being used increasingly in chemical process, automotive, biomedical and nuclear plant. When machining of Titanium alloys with traditional tools the tool wear rate high. Because of high chemical reactivity and low modulus of elasticity resulting high cutting temperature and strong adhesion between the tool and work piece materials. The poly crystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tool is used for the turning experiment. The turning parameters for the experimental work are cutting speed, feed, nose radius, and depth of cut. From the results, analysis of the influences of the individual parameters on the surface roughness have been carried out. Fuzzy modeling technique is effectively used to predict the surface roughness in the machining of titanium alloy.
Influence of Particle Fracture on the Slurry Abrasion Behavior of Weld Deposited Martensitic Steel
Authors: Ramu N. , Umanath K. , Mallela Gandhi
Published: June 2015

The life of the components used under slurry abrasion conditions is governed by the process variables, properties of the abrasive materials in the slurry and the material properties. Slurry wear, abrasion occurs in Extruders, pumps and pipe transport slurry of minerals and ores in mineral processing industries. In the present research, the effect of operating variables such as abrasive particle size and shape, slurry concentration and normal load on the abrasive slurry wear behavior of the weld deposit martensitic steel surface produced by the Manual Metal Arc Welding Hard facing process was conceded out. The testing was conceded out using the slurry abrasion test rig. The silica sand particles were used as the abrasive medium. The qualitative nature of wear pattern and morphology of the worn out surface was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). These features were correlated with operating parameters.
Effect of Process Parameters on Mechanical Characterization of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Ramesh R. , Roseline V. Anusha , Srinivasan R.V.
Published: June 2015

Aluminum alloys exhibit poor weldability by conventional fusion welding process. The heat treatable aluminum alloy AA2014 is extensively used in the aircraft industry because it has good ductility and high strength to weight ratio. In this paper the effects of welding parameters and tool profile on the mechanical properties of friction stir welded butt joints of dissimilar aluminum alloy sheets AA6082 and AA2014. The process parameters such as rotational speed, transverse speed and axial forces were considered. The effect of parameters on weld quality was analyzed. Hardness and tensile tests are carried out at room temperature to examine the mechanical properties of the welded joints. The joints produced with straight square tool pin profile have higher ultimate tensile strength, whereas the straight cylindrical tool pin profile results in lower tensile strength.
Investigations on the Effect of Tool Geometries on Friction Stir Welded 5052 H32 Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Britto Joseph G. , Murugesan G. , Prabhaharan R. , Mohammad Choudhury Tariq
Published: June 2015

Aluminium alloys are widely used in automotive, aerospace and ship industries as high strength-to-weight ratio materials. With the increasing demand for lightweight components, their application is becoming more extensive. To study the effect of Tool geometries on Metallurgical & mechanical properties of Aluminum alloy 5052 H32 using friction stir welding process. To briefly discuss about the conditions & conclude the suitable condition for Aluminium alloy 5052 H32. To plot and conclude the hardness values for various conditions. The tool material Mild Steel IS 2062 FE410 cone type and thread type has been selected for this research for various speeds to find suitable condition. The micro structure and macro structure have checking the structural formation of welded area in details to know it the strength of the joining. The present friction stir welding research is implementing the new tools for the current issues; here we try to implement new material for already available tools.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Friction Stirs Welding of Aluminium Alloy Al 6061
Authors: Abraham Boniface V. , Rijul Raj A. Joseph
Published: June 2015

In the present method the effect of welding speed, axial force, tool rotational speed and shoulder penetration on the mechanical properties of Aluminium alloy 6061 butt joint produced by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is analyzed. The mechanical behavior properties like Yield Strength, Tensile Strength and % of Elongation has been tested using 5 mm thick plate. The tool used for conducting the experiment was High Speed Steel (HSS). Tensile Strength, Yield Strength and Percentage of Elongation of FSW Al alloy 6061 has been evaluated under different processing condition using Taguchi’s design. The optimum results had been obtained using main effects plot using S/N ratio values. Tool rotation speed has been found dominant factor for Tensile Strength followed by feed and shoulder penetration. Shoulder diameter shows the minimal effect on Tensile Strength compared to other parameters.
Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Flux Bounded TIG Welded AA2219 T87 Aluminum Alloy in 3.5 Weight Percent NaCl Solution
Authors: Santhana Babu A.V. , Giridharan P.K. , Venugopal A. , Ramesh Narayanan P. , Narayana Murty S.V.S.
Published: June 2015

Limitation in penetration depth is a concern in conventional TIG welding. To improve penetration capability of TIG process, Flux Bounded TIG (FBTIG) has been developed. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of FBTIG welds of aluminum alloy AA 2219 T87 is evaluated in 3.5 weight percent NaCl solution using Slow Strain Rate Test technique (SSRT) as per ASTM G129. SCC index defined as the ratio of the elongation of tensile tested specimen in NaCl to that of air is taken as a measure of the susceptibility to cracking. Based on the SCC index, it is concluded that the SCC resistance of FBTIG joints are good and comparable to that of conventional TIG welds.
Comparative Study of Ti Alloy and Stainless Steel 304L Friction Welded Joint with Different Interlayer Process Methods
Authors: Kumar R. , Balasubramanian M.
Published: June 2015

Rotary Friction welding is a process of solid state joining, broadly in shaft and pipe weld, in the field of automobile, defence, aeronautical, chemical and nuclear environment assembly pipe lines. Due to its some distinctive advantages similar to ease of fabricate, environmentally sociable, high fabrication value and appropriate for similar, dissimilar metal joint. Now a day’s Titanium alloy and stainless steel materials are very popular material in industrial application due to its high mechanical potency, and non-corrosive in nature. In this study an attempt was made to join commercial rod of Ti-6Al-4V and Stainless steel304L with some methods and evaluates the joint strength. Different intermediate metals are taking on in this process and the outcomes are witnesses. From that study the best method of in-between metal was analyzed by carry out mechanical and metallurgical test.
Sensitivity Analysis of Friction Welding Process Parameters on Tensile Properties of ASS304L Alloy
Authors: Umanath K. , Palanikumar K. , Balasubramanian V. , Selvamani S.T.
Published: June 2015

The friction welding method could be a solid state connection method that produces a joint within the forging force contact of revolving and stationary workpiece. The solid state connection method, it produces welds with reduced distortion and improved mechanical properties. The austenitic stainless steels are wide employed in completely different industrial applications like building, nuclear trade and automobile industries owing to their special mechanical and metallurgical properties. During this work, friction welding of austenitic stainless-steel rods of 10mm diameter was investigated with an aim to grasp the sensitivity of friction attachment method parameters. The details of microstructure analysis using optical microscopy are discussed.