bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removal of proteins and lipids affects structure, in vitro digestion and physicochemical properties of rice flour modified by heat‐moisture treatment
Authors: Xiang Guiyuan , Han Wenfang , Ma Tengfei , Huang Tianai , Lin Qinlu , Fu Xiangjin , Yang Ying , Li Jiangtao , Li Peirui
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the role of endogenous proteins and lipids in the structural and physicochemical properties of starch in heat‐moisture treatment (HMT) rice flour and to reveal their effect on starch digestibility under heat.

RESULTS

The findings indicate that, in the absence of endogenous proteins and lipids acting as a physical barrier, especially proteins, the interaction between rice flour and endogenous proteins and lipids diminished. This reduction led to fewer starch–protein inclusion complexes and starch–lipid complexes, altering the granule aggregation structure of rice flour. It resulted in a decrease in particle size, an increase in agglomeration between starch granules, and more surface cracking on rice granules. Under HMT conditions with a moisture content of 30%, slight gelatinization of the starch granules occurred, contributing to an increased starch hydrolysis rate. In addition, the elevated thermal energy effect of HMT enhanced interactions between starch molecular chains. These resulted in a decrease in crystallinity, short‐range ordering, and the content of double‐helix structure within starch granules. These structural transformations led to higher pasting temperatures, improved hot and cold paste stability, and a decrease in peak viscosity, breakdown, setback, and enthalpy of pasting of the starch granules.

CONCLUSION

The combined analysis of microstructure, physicochemical properties, and in vitro digestion characteristics has enabled us to further enhance our understanding of the interaction mechanisms between endogenous proteins, lipids, and starches during HMT. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Third‐Trimester Ultrasound Diagnosis of Large for Gestational Age and Risk of Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Cooley Morgan E. , Maxwell Rose A. , Miller Rebecca , Wiegand Samantha L. , Mckenna David S.
Published: August 2024

Objective

Determine if knowledge of a third‐trimester ultrasound diagnosis of large for gestational age (LGA) independently increases the risk of cesarean delivery (CD).

Study Design

Historical cohort comparing CD rate among patients diagnosed with an LGA fetus on a clinically indicated ultrasound from January 2017 to July 2021 with those without an LGA diagnosis at 34 weeks or later. LGA was defined as an ultrasound‐estimated fetal weight greater than or equal to the 90th percentile for the gestational age. Univariate analysis was performed to identify significant confounding variables and was utilized as covariates for binary regression with CD rate as the primary outcome, and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Nulliparous term singleton vertex (NTSV) and multiparous CD rates were also compared.

Results

There were 447 patients diagnosed with an LGA fetus and 1971 patients without an LGA diagnosis on third‐trimester ultrasound. The positive predictive value of LGA diagnosis was 50.1% and the false positive rate was 10.6%. Patients with a diagnosis of LGA had higher AOR of CD (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.56‐2.83), and higher AOR of NTSV CD (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.14‐3.13) compared with those without an LGA diagnosis. There was no difference in the rates of non‐medically indicated CD, multiparous primary CD, and attempted and successful TOLAC.

Conclusion

Our results suggest third‐trimester ultrasound diagnosis of LGA independently increases odds of CD, specifically among nulliparous patients, and the potential bias may be one factor contributing to excessive CDs and NTSV CDs.
Developmental Changes of the Coronary Sinus Between the First and Second Trimesters
Authors: Abu‐Rustum Reem S. , Pierre Kevin , Dyrda Mackenzie , Smith Erica , Abchee Nicolas , Bilardo Caterina M.
Published: August 2024

Objective

To assess the coronary sinus (CS) presence, size, and CS to atrial ratio (CS/A) in the first trimester (FT) compared with the second trimester (ST).

Methods

In this IRB‐approved retrospective study, fetuses with adequate FT cardiac sweeps and normal ST hearts were included. Maternal and fetal characteristics were obtained. CS and atrial diameters were measured by a single sonologist. The CS/A ratio was compared between FT and ST. Linear regression assessed the relationship between biparietal diameter (BPD) and CS and atrial diameters. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.

Results

Among 99 fetuses, the CS was seen in 42/53 (79.2%) in the FT and 14/32 (43.8%) in the ST. No significant associations were found between CS visualization and the factors analyzed. The CS/A ratio was significantly higher in the FT versus ST (0.43 vs 0.25; P < .0001). Combined FT and ST data revealed positive correlations between BPD and both CS (slope = 0.018, P < .0001) and atrial diameters (slope = 0.135, P < .0001), suggesting differential growth rates, with the atrium exhibiting a faster growth rate as BPD increased.

Conclusions

The CS appears prominent in the FT compared with the ST, likely due to differential growth rates between the CS and atrium. Remnants of embryonic structures, differences in myocardial drainage, and hemodynamics may also be contributing factors. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and assess the value of the FT CS/A ratio.
Phenology of gross primary productivity in rivers displays high variability within years but stability across years
Authors: Marzolf Nicholas S. , Vlah Michael J. , Lowman Heili E. , Slaughter Weston M. , Bernhardt Emily S.
Published: August 2024

Modeling and sensor innovations in the last decade have enabled routine and continuous estimation of daily gross primary productivity (GPP) for rivers. Here, we generate and evaluate within and across year variability for 59 US rivers for which we have compiled a 14‐yr time series of daily GPP estimates. River productivity varied widely across (median annual GPP 462 g C m−2 yr−1, range 19–3445 g C m−2 yr−1) and within rivers (CVGPP‐Inter 5.7–37.3%). Within this dataset, we found that five rivers have become consistently more productive over time, while 11 rivers have become consistently less productive. Furthermore, trends in ecosystem phenology were identified, where cumulative annual GPP was reached earlier (n = 3) and later (n = 13) in the year across the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles. Understanding the drivers of productivity trends in rivers will elucidate patterns in river food webs and the functional role of river biogeochemistry.
Organic‐Inorganic Cuprous Halides With Reversible Photoluminescence for Multiple Optical Applications
Authors: Cao Sijun , Lai Jun'an , Wang Yijia , An Kang , Jiang Tingming , Wu Mengyue , Feng Peng , He Peng , Tang Xiaosheng
Published: August 2024

0D organic‐inorganic Cu(I)‐based halides have gained significant attention due to their low toxicity, structural adjustability, and moderate fabrication conditions. However, it is still challenging to explore stable and efficient 0D hybrid Cu(I)‐based halides that have phase transition and tunable spectra for multifunctional photoelectric applications. Herein, two 0D copper halides, green‐emissive (MTPP)2CuI3 and yellow‐emissive (MTPP)2Cu4I6(MTPP = Methyltriphenylphosphonium), are successfully synthesized using a slow cooling method. Both compounds exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 81.95 and 99.7%, and remarkable steady‐state light yield of 38 750 and 63 700 photons per MeV, respectively. The scintillation screen of the two compounds based on vacuum‐filtration enables high X‐ray imaging resolution of 17.83 and 18.49 lp mm−1, showing great potential in practical X‐ray imaging applications. Moreover, a reversible and fast phase transformation between them occurs when stimulated by ethanol or MTPP solutions, without requiring additional thermal treatment, which endows them with a high level of anti‐counterfeiting under room temperature (RT). It is worth noting that they display remarkable resistance to water, maintaining its phase purity even after being immersed in water for 30 days. This study introduces a new approach to investigate the 0D Cu‐based halides that exhibit excellent scintillation performance, stability, and efficient photoluminescence tunability for multiple applications.
Reversible Solubility Switching of a Polymer Triggered by Visible‐Light Responsive Azobenzene Photochromism with Negligible Thermal Relaxation
Authors: Ueki Takeshi , Osaka Yuna , Homma Kenta , Yamamoto Shota , Saruwatari Aya , Wang Hongxin , Kamimura Masao , Nakanishi Jun
Published: August 2024

This study reports the reversible solubility switching of a polymer triggered by non‐phototoxic visible light. A photochromic polymerizable azobenzene monomer with four methoxy groups at the ortho‐position (mAzoA) was synthesized, exhibiting reversible photoisomerization between trans‐ and cis‐states using green (546 nm) and blue light (436 nm). Free radical copolymerization of hydrophilic dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) with mAzoA produced a light‐responsive random copolymer (P(mAzoA‐r‐DMAAm)) that shows a reversible photochromic reaction to visible light. Optimizing mAzoA content resulted in P(mAzoA10.7‐r‐DMAAm)3.0 kDa exhibiting LCST‐type phase separation in PBS (pH 7.4) with trans‐ and cis‐states at 39.2 °C and 32.9 °C, respectively. The bistable temperature range of 6.3 °C covers 37 °C, suitable for mammalian cell culture. Reversible solubility changes were demonstrated under alternating green and blue light at 37 °C. 1H NMR indicated significant retardation of thermal relaxation from cis‐ to trans‐states, preventing undesired thermal mechanical degradation. Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells adhered to the P(mAzoA‐r‐DMAAm) hydrogel, confirming its non‐cytotoxicity and potential for biocompatible interfaces. This principle is useful for developing hydrogels that can reversibly stimulate cells mechanically or chemically in response to visible light.
The calculating entrepreneur — The role of economic calculation in supporting alertness and creative destruction
Authors: Braun Eduard , Follert Florian
Published: August 2024

We integrate the issue of economic calculation into the theory of the entrepreneur. In doing so, we fill a gap in the literature by demonstrating that retrospective economic calculation, i.e., financial accounting, dovetails with Kirzner's theory of the alert entrepreneur and that prospective calculation, i.e., the appraisal of investment objects, supports innovational activities by entrepreneurs and therefore facilitates creative destruction as emphasized by Schumpeter. Our integrative conceptualization of the calculating entrepreneur can lead to a better understanding of the role of economic calculation in the economy, thereby bringing theoretical economics and business administration closer together.
A depth‐integrated SPH framework for slow landslides
Authors: Pastor Manuel , Hernández Andrei , Tayyebi Saeid M. , Trejos Gustavo A. , Suárez Ginés , Zheng Junwei
Published: August 2024

Slow and very slow landslides can cause severe economic damage to structures. Due to their velocity of propagation, it is possible to take action such as programmed maintenance or evacuation of affected zones. Modeling is an important tool that allows scientists, engineers, and geologists to better understand their causes and predict their propagation. There are many available models of different complexities which can be used for this purpose, ranging from very simple infinite landslide models which can be implemented in spreadsheets to fully coupled 3D models. This approach is expensive because of the time span in which the problems are studied (sometimes years), simpler methods such as depth‐integrated models could provide a good compromise between accuracy and cost. However, there, the time step limitation due to CFL condition (which states that the time step has to be slower than the ratio between the node spacing and the physical velocity of the waves results in time increments which are of the order of one‐10th of a second on many occasions. This paper extends a technique that has been used in the past to glacier evolution problems using finite differences or elements to SPH depth‐integrated models for landslide propagation. The approach is based on assuming that (i) the flow is shallow, (ii) the rheological behavior determining the velocity of propagation is viscoplastic, and (iii) accelerations can be neglected. In this case, the model changes from hyperbolic to parabolic, with a time increment much larger than that of classic hyperbolic formulations.
Tracking gonadal development in fish: An in vivo MRI study on polar cod, Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774)
Authors: Vogt Nicole , Wermter Felizitas C. , Nahrgang Jasmine , Storch Daniela , Bock Christian
Published: August 2024

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied to determine the sex of polar cod (Boreogadus saida Lepechin, 1774) (Actinopterygii: Gadidae) and to follow the gonadal development in individual animals over time. Individual unanaesthetised fish were transferred to a measurement chamber inside a preclinical 9.4 T MRI scanner and continuously perfused with aerated seawater. A screening procedure at an average of 3.5 h, consisting of a set of MRI scans of different orientations, was repeated every 4 weeks on the same set of reproducing B. saida (n = 10) with a body length of about 20 cm. Adapted multi‐slice flow‐compensated fast low‐angle shot (FcFLASH) and rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) protocols with an in‐plane resolution of 313 μm and an acquisition time of 2.5 min were used to visualise the morphology of various organs, including the gonads within the field of view (FOV). The MR images provided high resolution, enabling specific sex determination, calculation of gonad volumes, and determination of oocyte sizes. Gonad maturation was followed over 4 months from November 2021 until shortly before spawning in February 2022. The gonad volume increased by 2.3–25.5% for males and by 11.5–760.7% for females during the observation period. From October to February, the oocyte diameter increased from 427 μm (n = 1) to 1346 ± 27 μm (n = 4). Interestingly, individual oocytes showed changes in MR contrast over time that can be attributed to the morphological development of the oocytes. The results fit well with previous literature data from classical invasive studies. The presented approach has great potential for various ecophysiological applications such as monitoring natural or delayed development of internal organs or sex determination under different environmental conditions.
A rational‐Chebyshev projection method for nonlinear eigenvalue problems
Authors: Tang Ziyuan , Saad Yousef
Published: August 2024

This article describes a projection method based on a combination of rational and polynomial approximations for efficiently solving large nonlinear eigenvalue problems. In a first stage the nonlinear matrix function under consideration is approximated by a matrix polynomial in . The error resulting from this polynomial approximation is in turn approximated by rational functions with the help of the Cauchy integral formula. The two approximations are combined and a linearization is performed. A key ingredient of the proposed approach is a projection method that uses subspaces spanned by vectors of the same dimension as that of the original problem instead of that of the linearized problem. A procedure is also presented to automatically select shifts and to partition the region of interest into a few subregions. This allows to subdivide the problem into smaller subproblems that are solved independently. The accuracy of the proposed method is theoretically analyzed and its performance is illustrated with a few test problems that have been discussed in the literature.
Psychometrics of the Revised Nursing Stress Scale
Authors: Pavek Katie U. , Cho Hyeonmi , Steege Linsey M.
Published: August 2024

Occupational stress is one of the most impactful issues that nurses face, and it is critical to have instruments that can accurately measure occupational stress. However, existing widely used stress measures do not adequately reflect occupational stress in current practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a revised occupational stress measure, the Revised Nursing Stress Scale. Reliability and validity were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and divergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated acceptable fit. All nine subscales had acceptable internal consistency reliability (αs ≥ 0.73 and ω ≥ 0.80). Convergent validity (r = 0.530, p < 0.01) and divergent validity (r = <0.30, 95% confidence intervals ranging from [−0.39 to −0.14] to [−0.32 to −0.06]) provided support for the scale. The Revised Nursing Stress Scale is an updated valid and reliable measure that is recommended for use when measuring occupational stress in hospital‐based nurses.
Chimeric Versus Multiple Simultaneous Free Flaps for Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Johnny , Tharakan Theresa , Jackson Ryan S. , Puram Sidharth V. , Pipkorn Patrik
Published: August 2024

Objective

To describe our experience with chimeric flaps and to assess the surgical outcomes and postoperative complications associated with chimeric flaps compared to multiple flaps.

Study Design/Methods

Patients undergoing chimeric and multiple simultaneous free tissue transfer between June 2016 and October 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome of interest was the complication rate. Major complications required takeback to the operating room, hospital readmission, or transfer to the intensive care unit. Minor complications were managed conservatively. Secondary outcomes included operative time, length of hospitalization, and flap survival.

Setting

Academic tertiary care center.

Results

Our analysis included 113 patients (chimeric n = 38, multiple n = 75). We found no significant difference in operative times or minor complications. Chimeric flaps were associated with a shorter length of hospitalization. The major complication rate was higher for chimeric flaps (42.1% vs 22.7%, P = .03), but each cohort only had 1 instance of total flap loss.

Conclusion

The complexity of large head and neck defects poses a reconstructive challenge for microvascular surgeons. Our findings suggest that chimeric and multiple flaps both produce acceptable complication rates when used appropriately. Differences in complication rates may reflect differences in utilization. The chimeric flap remains a valuable option for those with prior radiation or radical resection, but it remains unclear the degree to which they lessen the inherent risk of postoperative complications within this population. Each technique must be weighed in context of the patient's reconstructive profile and the institution's surgical capabilities to optimize long‐term outcomes.
Eco‐friendly Regioselective Synthesis, Biological Evaluation of Some New 5‐acylfunctionalized 2‐(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)thiazoles as Potential Antimicrobial and Anthelmintic Agents
Authors: Aggarwal Ranjana , Sharma Manisha , Hooda Mona , Sharma Prabodh C. , Sharma Diksha
Published: August 2024

The present study describes an eco‐friendly NBS‐assisted regioselective synthesis of new 5‐acylfunctionalized 5‐acylfunctionalized 2‐(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)thiazoles by condensation of 3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐1‐carbothioamide with unsymmetrical 1,3‐diketones under solvent‐free conditions. The structural elucidation of the newly synthesized compounds was accomplished using various spectroscopic techniques viz. FTIR, NMR and mass spectrometry. All the newly synthesized compounds were examined for their in vitro antimicrobial potential against both pathogenic gram positive and gram negative bacterial and fungal species as well as anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma earthworms. The results of antimicrobial activity revealed that all tested compounds 3 a–j showed excellent antimicrobial potential particularly against S. aureus. It was also observed that compounds 3 e and 3 i (MIC=62.5 μg/mL) showed greater potency against E. coli, whereas compounds 3 a and 3 h (MIC=50 μg/mL and 62.5 μg/mL) demonstrated better activity against P. aeruginosa and compound 3 i (MIC=62.5 μg/mL) exhibited superior activity against S. pyogenus when compared to standard drug Ampicillin (MIC=100μg/mL). Compound 3 e and 3 j revealed remarkable antifungal and anthelmintic activities. To find out binding interactions of target compounds with target proteins and pharmacokinetic parameters of the compounds, in silico investigations involving molecular docking studies and ADMET predictions were also performed.
Material property characterization of 3D printed polypropylene wood plastic composites
Authors: Hwang Sungjun , Fowler Gavin , Han Yousoo , Gardner Douglas J.
Published: August 2024

Wood flour (WF) at 10 wt.% and 20 wt.% loadings was used as a reinforcing filler to enhance the applicability of polypropylene (PP) for 3D printing. After performing printability tests of PP wood plastic composites (WPCs), the mechanical properties of both injection‐molded and 3D‐printed PP WPC specimens were explored. Test specimens were prepared from 3D printed hexagons for analyzing the mechanical properties. Adding WF to neat PP increased the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature while decreasing the degree of crystallinity and the coefficient of thermal expansion, while enhancing the printability of neat PP. The tensile strength, tensile modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of elasticity of injection‐molded neat PP improved by up to 21%, 59%, 30%, and 56%, respectively, with 20 wt.% WF. However, the impact strength of injection‐molded neat PP decreased by 85%, with 20 wt.% WF. After 3D printing, the tensile strength and tensile modulus of elasticity of printed neat PP increased by up to 84% and 60%, respectively, with 20 wt.% WF. The flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity of neat printed PP remained unchanged compared to those of PP filled with 20 wt.% WF, while the impact strength decreased by 87%.

Highlights

WF was used as a reinforcement in polypropylene designed for 3D printing

A pilot‐scale, pellet‐fed 3D printer was used to print hollow hexagons, and then test specimens were fabricated from these hexagons for mechanical properties

The tensile and flexural properties of 3D printed neat polypropylene improved, while the impact strength decreased after adding 20 wt.% WF to the neat PP.
Eclipta prostrata improves alveolar development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia via suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome in a DLD‐dependent manner
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyan , Tan Zhen , Zhu Danying , Zhao Dongying , Liu Chengbo , Wang Shunchun , Wang Xingyun , Zhang Yongjun
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common late morbidity in preterm infants, is characterized by impaired alveolar development caused by persistent lung inflammation. Studies have shown that NOD‐, LRR‐ and pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome‐mediated inflammation is critically involved in the development of BPD. As a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Eclipta prostrata (EAP) exhibits potent anti‐inflammatory properties. Our study aims to investigate whether EAP could improve the lung development of BPD by suppressing the lung inflammatory response.

Methods

The BPD rat model was established by intra‐amniotic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and postnatal exposure to hyperoxia. Changes in the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis were assessed by treatment with EAP. The effect of EAP on the NLRP3 inflammasome was tested in vitro using the THP‐1 cell line and primary alveolar macrophages. Proteomics analysis was used to elucidate the mechanism of action of EAP.

Results

Histopathological and immunofluorescence results of lung tissues revealed that LPS and hyperoxia induced lung injury and triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in alveolar macrophages. EAP ameliorated BPD lung injury, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduced gasdermin D (GSDMD) expression in alveolar macrophages. EAP downregulated the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway molecules (NLRP3, caspase‐1, and IL‐1β) and GSDMD in LPS‐stimulated THP‐1 macrophages and primary alveolar macrophages. In addition, proteomics analysis identified that dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) interacted with EAP. Inhibition of DLD activity abolished the protective effects of EAP.

Conclusions

Our study suggested that EAP could attenuate arrest of alveolar development via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in a DLD‐dependent way, and could be a potential therapeutic method for BPD.
A cross‐species analysis of fecal microbiomes in humans and mice reveals similarities and dissimilarities associated with prostate cancer risk
Authors: Wakamori Chisato , De Velasco Marco A. , Sakai Kazuko , Kura Yurie , Matsushita Makoto , Fujimoto Saizo , Hatano Koji , Nonomura Norio , Fujita Kazutoshi , Nishio Kazuto , Uemura Hirotsugu
Published: August 2024

Background

Prostate cancer is a complex disease that develops over time and is influenced by several lifestyle factors that also impact gut microbes. Gut dysbiosis is intricately linked to prostate carcinogenesis, but the precise mechanisms remain poorly understood. Mice are crucial for studying the relationships between gut microbes and prostate cancer, but discovering similarities between humans and mice may aid in elucidating new mechanisms.

Methods

We used 16s rRNA sequencing data from stool samples of tumor‐bearing prostate‐specific conditional Pten‐knockout mice, disease‐free wildtype mice, and a human cohort suspected of having prostate cancer to conduct taxonomic and metagenomic profiling. Features were associated with prostate cancer status and low risk (a negative biopsy of Gleason grade <2) or high risk (Gleason grade ≥2) in humans.

Results

In both humans and mice, community composition differed between individuals with and without prostate cancer. Odoribacter spp. and Desulfovibrio spp. were taxa associated with prostate cancer in mice and humans. Metabolic pathways associated with cofactor and vitamin synthesis were common in mouse and human prostate cancer, including bacterial synthesis of folate (vitamin B9), ubiquinone (CoQ10), phylloquinone (vitamin K1), menaquinone (vitamin K2), and tocopherol (vitamin E).

Conclusions

Our study provides valuable data that can help bridge the gap between human and mouse microbiomes. Our findings provide evidence to support the notion that certain bacterial‐derived metabolites may promote prostate cancer, as well as a preclinical model that can be used to characterize biological mechanisms and develop preventive interventions.
Dynamics of May ‘onset’ of Indian summer monsoon over Northeast India
Authors: Das Simanta , Goswami Dhruba Jyoti , Mahanta Rahul , Saha Prolay , Goswami B. N.
Published: August 2024

Acknowledging the prolonged duration of the rainy season in Northeast India (NEI) compared to Central India, the official onset of the Indian summer monsoon over NEI is traditionally marked around 5 June, with May rainfall categorized as ‘pre‐monsoon’. However, our study reveals that May rainfall in NEI occurs in active/break spells driven by persistent synoptic‐scale systems, contributing to a significant monsoon heat source during this period. Through an objective analysis, we determine that the climatological ‘onset’ in NEI actually occurs around 18 May, with withdrawal around 14 October, resulting in an extended rainy season of approximately 150 days. The enigma of the May onset, while the Intertropical Convergence Zone remains proximate to the equator, is addressed by identifying a conducive climate in May. This climate is characterized by low‐level cyclonic vorticity over the region, influenced by the interannual strengthening (weakening) by the Atlantic Niño (El Niño). The introduction of potential vorticity from extratropical transient Rossby waves in May significantly amplifies low‐level cyclonic vorticity by 3–4 times, acting as a catalyst for the monsoon onset in NEI. Furthermore, a 5–6 times intensification of northward moisture transport from the Bay of Bengal sustains the monsoon heat source post onset. The May onset is made feasible by the uplifting of low‐level cyclonic winds, facilitated by the horseshoe‐shaped orography around the Brahmaputra valley. This process is complemented by an increased local moisture content resulting from evapotranspiration. Our findings challenge conventional notions by demonstrating that a component of Indian summer monsoon rainfall in NEI is not directly related to the Intertropical Convergence Zone. This challenges the fundamental definition of the South Asian Monsoon and calls for a reassessment of the prevalent belief that the Indian monsoon season is confined to June–September in NEI.
Surveillance of high‐yield processes using deep learning models
Authors: Ibrahim Musaddiq , Zhang Chunxia , Mahmood Tahir
Published: August 2024

Quality testing and monitoring advancements have allowed modern production processes to achieve extremely low failure rates, especially in the era of Industry 4.0. Such processes are known as high‐yield processes, and their data set consists of an excess number of zeros. Count models such as Poisson, Negative Binomial (NB), and Conway‐Maxwell‐Poisson (COM‐Poisson) are usually considered good candidates to model such data, but the excess zeros are larger than the number of zeros, which these models fit inherently. Hence, the zero‐inflated version of these count models provides better fitness of high‐quality data. Usually, linearly/non‐linearly related variables are also associated with failure rate data; hence, regression models based on zero‐inflated count models are used for model fitting. This study is designed to propose deep learning (DL) based control charts when the failure rate variables follow the zero‐inflated COM‐Poisson (ZICOM‐Poisson) distribution because DL models can detect complicated non‐linear patterns and relationships in data. Further, the proposed methods are compared with existing control charts based on neural networks, principal component analysis designed based on Poisson, NB, and zero‐inflated Poisson (ZIP) and non‐linear principal component analysis designed based on Poisson, NB, and ZIP. Using run length properties, the simulation study evaluates monitoring approaches, and a flight delay application illustrates the implementation of the research. The findings revealed that the proposed methods have outperformed all existing control charts.
Quantum Differential Meet‐In‐The‐Middle Attack and Some Applications to Lightweight Ciphers
Authors: Xu Yin‐Song , Cai Bin‐Bin , Yuan Zheng , Qin Su‐Juan , Gao Fei , Wen Qiao‐Yan
Published: August 2024

At CRYPTO 2023, Boura et al. proposed a new cryptanalysis technique, differential meet‐in‐the‐middle (MITM) attack. They used MITM technique to make the key recovery step of a differential attack more efficient. In this study, a quantum differential meet‐in‐the‐middle attack is proposed by using nested quantum search algorithm, which can achieve up to a quadratic speed‐up compared to the classical version. Besides, the time complexity of the attack can be reduced by at least a factor of ( is the guessed key length and is the block size) compared to the first quantum differential attack proposed by Kaplan et al. at ToSC 2016. Finally, to demonstrate the efficiency of our attack, it is applied to two reduced‐round lightweight block ciphers, PIPO and SIMON, to evaluate their post‐quantum security. When attacking the same number of rounds, the time complexity of our attack is significantly lower than that of classical attacks. For the 8‐round PIPO‐128, the attack significantly improves efficiency, reducing the time complexity from to , cutting down the required qRAM size by a factor of and obtaining the data complexity instead of compared to the best quantum attack proposed by Schrottenloher at CRYPTO 2023. For the 19‐round SIMON‐32‐64, the time complexity here will be instead of compared to the other quantum attack, and the attack can target more rounds than using Grover‐meets‐Simon technique.
Implementation of One‐Way Quantum Steering and Controlled Generation of Asymmetric Tripartite Entanglement in Double Coupling Cavity‐Magnonics Subsystems
Authors: Lin Yue‐Han , Lin Ya‐Qin , Yang Rong‐Can , Liu Hong‐Yu
Published: August 2024

Two cavity‐magnon subsystems coupled via the two single‐mode cavities mediated by a non‐degenerate parametric down conversion and each cavity carrying a magnon confined in a Yttrium‐iron‐garnet sphere is proposed to study one‐way quantum steering and asymmetric tripartite entanglement. The entanglement can be transferred from the two microwave cavities to the two separated magnon modes using magnetic dipole interaction. Different from previous schemes, the present study demonstrates efficient realization of controllable one‐way quantum steering between two magnon modes through asymmetric frequency detunings of the two magnon modes. In addition, an asymmetric tripartite entanglement can also be achieved. Furthermore, the system exhibits robustness to temperatures up to 100 mK, providing a promising avenue for utilizing cavity magnonics systems in unidirectional transmission of quantum information.
The association between maternal and child posttraumatic stress symptoms among families living in southern Israel: The buffering role of maternal executive functions
Authors: Levy Michal , Yatziv Tal , Levavi Kinneret , Yakov Porat , Pike Alison , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Hadar Amnon , Bar Guy , Froimovici Miron , Atzaba‐Poria Naama
Published: August 2024

Posttraumatic stress disorder is a prolonged stress and anxiety response that occurs after exposure to a traumatic event. Research shows that both parental and child posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are correlated but parental executive functions (EFs) could buffer this link. EFs refers to a group of high‐level cognitive processes that enable self‐regulation of thoughts and actions to achieve goal‐directed behaviours and can be of importance for both positive parenting interactions and effective coping skills for PTSS. Our study aimed to (1) examine the link between maternal and child PTSS and the moderating role of varying degrees of exposure to severe security threats context, and (2) to identify the moderating role of maternal EFs in this interaction, among families living in southern Israel. Our sample included 131 mothers in their second pregnancy and their firstborn children. Mothers performed computerised tasks to assess their EFs and they reported on their own and their child's PTSS. Results revealed a positive correlation between maternal PTSS and child PTSS. However, the link between maternal and child PTSS was moderated by maternal working memory updating abilities and threat context severity. Among mothers with lower updating capacities, the association between maternal and child symptoms was stronger under higher threat contexts; conversely, among mothers with higher maternal updating abilities, threat context did not modulate the link between maternal and child PTSS, suggesting a stress‐buffering effect. Our study contributes to the growing literature on the significant role of parental EFs in the context of parent‐child interactions.
Coordination‐Driven Nanomedicine Mitigates One‐Lung Ventilation‐Induced Lung Injury via Radicals Scavenging and Cell Pyroptosis Inhibition
Authors: Fan Yujie , Ou Yangqin , Xiao Ting , Wei Ziye , Zhu LiLing , Zhu Chenghao , Ma Yiran , Qu Shuangquan , Zhou Wenhu
Published: August 2024

One‐lung ventilation (OLV) during thoracic surgery often leads to post‐operative complications, yet effective pharmacological interventions are lacking. This study reports a baicalin‐based metal‐coordination nanomedicine with disulfiram (DSF) co‐loading to address one‐lung ventilation‐induced lung injury and reperfusion injury (OLV‐LIRI). Baicalin, known for its robust antioxidant properties, suffers from poor water solubility and stability. Leveraging nanotechnology, baicalin's coordination is systematically explored with seven common metal ions, designing iron/copper‐mediated binary coordination nanoparticles to overcome these limitations. The self‐assembled nanoparticles, primarily formed through metal coordination and π–π stacking forces, encapsulated DSF, ensuring high colloidal stability in diverse physiological matrices. Upon a single‐dose administration via endotracheal intubation, the nanoparticles efficiently accumulate in lung tissues and swiftly penetrate the pulmonary mucosa. Intracellularly, baicalin exhibits free radical scavenging activity to suppress inflammation. Concurrently, the release of Cu2+ and DSF enables the in situ generation of CuET, a potent inhibitor of cell pyroptosis. Harnessing these multifaceted mechanisms, the nanoparticles alleviate lung injury symptoms without notable toxic side effects, suggesting a promising preventive strategy for OLV‐LIRI.
Revealing the Role of Mo Leaching in the Structural Transformation of NiMo Thin Film Catalysts upon Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Neumüller Daniela , Rafailović Lidija D. , Pašti Igor A. , Griesser Thomas , Gammer Christoph , Eckert Jürgen
Published: August 2024

NiMo alloys are considered highly promising non‐noble Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) catalysts. Besides the synergistic effect of alloying elements, recent attention is drawn to the Mo leaching from the catalyst. This work investigates the role of Mo in NiMo alloys during HER, aiming to understand the interplay between compositional, structural, and electronic factors on the activity, and their effects on the electrode material and catalyst properties. For this purpose, sputter‐deposited low roughness NixMo100‐x thin films are produced. The investigation of catalyst performance depending on their chemical composition shows a volcano‐shaped plot, peaking for the Ni65Mo35 alloy with the highest intrinsic activity in alkaline HER. A comprehensive electrode surface analysis combining transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy identifies the leaching of Mo on a structural level and indicates the formation of a Ni(OH)2‐rich surface area. The ultimate surface characteristics of the NiMo catalysts depend on the initial composition and the electrochemical procedure. Based on the findings, it conclude that the observed catalytic properties of NiMo alloys in HER are determined by a complex interplay of increasing roughness, available surface species and their synergies. The leaching of Mo has a proven structural effect and is considered one of several factors contributing to the enhanced catalyst activity.
Colored Radiative Cooling and Flame‐Retardant Polyurethane‐Based Coatings: Selective Absorption/Reflection in Solar Waveband
Authors: Cai Wei , Wang Junling , Wang Wei , Li Sicheng , Rahman Mohammad Ziaur , Tawiah Benjamin , Ming Yang , Zhou Xia , Xing Weiyi , Hu Yuan , Zhu Jixin , Fei Bin
Published: August 2024

The aesthetic demand has become an imperative challenge to advance the practical and commercial application of daytime radiative cooling technology toward mitigating climate change. Meanwhile, the application of radiative cooling materials usually focuses on the building surface, related tightly to fire safety. Herein, the absorption and reflection spectra of organic and inorganic colorants are first compared in solar waveband, finding that iron oxides have higher reflectivity in NIR region. Second, three kinds of iron oxides‐based colorants are selected to combine porous structure and silicon‐modified ammonium polyphosphate (Si‐APP) to engineer colored polyurethane‐based (PU) coating, thus enhancing the reflectivity and flame retardancy. Together with reflectivity of more than 90% in near‐infrared waveband and infrared emissivity of ≈91%, average temperature drops of ≈5.7, ≈7.9, and ≈3.8 °C are achieved in porous PU/Fe2O3/Si‐APP, porous PU/Fe2O3·H2O/Si‐APP, and porous PU/Fe3O4·H2O/Si‐APP, compared with dense control samples. The catalysis effect of iron oxides in the cross‐linking reaction of pyrolysis products and dehydration mechanism of Si‐APP enable PU coating to produce an intumescent and protective char residue. Consequently, PU composite coatings demonstrate desirable fire safety. The ingenious choice of colorants effectively minimizes the solar heating effect and trades off the daytime radiative cooling and aesthetic appearance requirement.
An All‐in‐One Array of Pressure Sensors and sEMG Electrodes for Scoliosis Monitoring
Authors: Fan Weizhe , Wang Shenglong , Li Qingyang , Ren Xiarong , Zhang Chengcheng , Wang Hanyue , Li Murong , Yang Weiqing , Deng Weili
Published: August 2024

Scoliosis often occurs in adolescents and seriously affects physical development and health. Traditionally, medical imaging is the most common means of evaluating the corrective effect of bracing during treatment. However, the imaging approach falls short in providing real‐time feedback, and the optimal corrective force remains unclear, potentially slowing the patient's recovery progress. To tackle these challenges, an all‐in‐one integrated array of pressure sensors and sEMG electrodes based on hierarchical MXene/chitosan/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyurethane sponge and MXene/polyimide (PI) is developed. Benefiting from the microstructured electrodes and the modulus enhancement of PDMS, the sensor demonstrates a high sensitivity of 444.3 kPa−1 and a broad linear detection range (up to 81.6 kPa). With the help of electrostatic attraction of chitosan and interface locking of PDMS, the pressure sensor achieves remarkable stability of over 100 000 cycles. Simultaneously, the sEMG electrodes offer exceptional stretchability and flexibility, functioning effectively at 60% strain, which ensures precise signal capture for various human motions. After integrating the developed all‐in‐one arrays into a commercial scoliosis brace, the system can accurately categorize human motion and predict Cobb angles aided by deep learning. This study provides real‐time insights into brace effectiveness and patient progress, offering new ideas for improving the efficiency of scoliosis treatment.
Electrothermally‐Driven Ultrafast Chemical Modulation of Multifunctional Nanocarbon Aerogels
Authors: Xia Dong , Li Qun , Mannering Jamie , Qin Yi , Li Heng , Xu Yifei , Ahamed Ashiq , Zhou Wenyu , Kulak Alexander , Huang Peng
Published: August 2024

Ultrahigh‐temperature Joule‐heating of carbon nanostructures opens up unique opportunities for property enhancements and expanded applications. This study employs rapid electrical Joule‐heating at ultrahigh temperatures (up to 3000 K within 60 s) to induce a transformation in nanocarbon aerogels, resulting in highly graphitic structures. These aerogels function as versatile platforms for synthesizing customizable metal oxide nanoparticles while significantly reducing carbon emissions compared to conventional furnace heating methods. The thermal conductivity of the aerogel, characterized by Umklapp scattering, can be precisely adjusted by tuning the heating temperature. Utilizing the aerogel's superhydrophobic properties enables its practical application in filtration systems for efficiently separating toxic halogenated solvents from water. The hierarchically porous aerogel, featuring a high surface area of 607 m2 g−1, ensures the uniform distribution and spacing of embedded metal oxide nanoparticles, offering considerable advantages for catalytic applications. These findings demonstrate exceptional catalytic performance in oxidative desulfurization, achieving a 98.9% conversion of dibenzothiophene in the model fuel. These results are corroborated by theoretical calculations, surpassing many high‐performance catalysts. This work highlights the pragmatic and highly efficient use of nanocarbon structures in nanoparticle synthesis under ultrahigh temperatures, with short heating durations. Its broad implications extend to the fields of electrochemistry, energy storage, and high‐temperature sensing.
Rapid Synthesis of Ruthenium–Copper Nanocomposites as High‐Performance Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Pan Dingjie , Liu Qiming , Yu Bingzhe , DuBois Davida Briana , Tressel John , Yu Sarah , Kaleekal Noah , Trabanino Sophia , Jeon Yillin , Bridges Frank , Chen Shaowei
Published: August 2024

Development of high‐performance, low‐cost catalysts for electrochemical water splitting is key to sustainable hydrogen production. Herein, ultrafast synthesis of carbon‐supported ruthenium–copper (RuCu/C) nanocomposites is reported by magnetic induction heating, where the rapid Joule's heating of RuCl3 and CuCl2 at 200 A for 10 s produces Ru–Cl residues‐decorated Ru nanocrystals dispersed on a CuClx scaffold, featuring effective Ru to Cu charge transfer. Among the series, the RuCu/C‐3 sample exhibits the best activity in 1 m KOH toward both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with an overpotential of only −23 and +270 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2, respectively. When RuCu/C‐3 is used as bifunctional catalysts for electrochemical water splitting, a low cell voltage of 1.53 V is needed to produce 10 mA cm−2, markedly better than that with a mixture of commercial Pt/C+RuO2 (1.59 V). In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy measurements show that the bifunctional activity is due to reduction of the Ru–Cl residues at low electrode potentials that enriches metallic Ru and oxidation at high electrode potentials that facilitates the formation of amorphous RuOx. These findings highlight the unique potential of MIH in the ultrafast synthesis of high‐performance catalysts for electrochemical water splitting.
Viologen‐Derived Covalent Organic Frameworks: Advancing PFAS Removal Technology with High Adsorption Capacity
Authors: Zadehnazari Amin , Khosropour Ahmadreza , Zarei Amin , Khazdooz Leila , Amirjalayer Saeed , Auras Florian , Abbaspourrad Alireza
Published: August 2024

The escalating presence of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water poses urgent public health concerns, necessitating effective removal. This study presents a groundbreaking approach, using viologen to synthesize covalent organic framework nanospheres: MELEM‐COF and MEL‐COF. Characterized by highly crystalline features, these nanospheres exhibit exceptional affinity for diverse anionic PFAS compounds, achieving simultaneous removal of multiple contaminants within 30 min. Investigating six anionic PFAS compounds, MEL‐ and MELEM‐COFs achieved 90.0–99.0% removal efficiency. The integrated analysis unveils the synergistic contributions of COF morphology and functional properties to PFAS adsorption. Notably, MELEM‐COF, with cationic surfaces, exploits electrostatic and dipole interactions, with a 2500 mg g−1 adsorption capacity—surpassing all reported COFs to date. MELEM‐COF exhibits rapid exchange kinetics, reaching equilibrium within 30 min. These findings deepen the understanding of COF materials and promise avenues for refining COF‐based adsorption strategies.