bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information Services Based on Evidence-Based Medicine: A Case Study of the Evidence-Based Services
Authors: Park So Young
Published: June 2024

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is emerging as a new paradigm for medical practice. Medical librarians are to understand the concept of EBM, and particularly, improve their skills to efficiently search and evaluate the clinical literature. It is described the definition and the evolution of EBM, and more specific, how to search and evaluate the literature, and finally the example of evidence-based services at the Eskind Biomedical Library, Vanderbilt Medical Center. The Eskind Biomedical Library provides high-level data and knowledge organization skills to optimize the clinical, research and educational initiatives. Collaborating with clinicians and researchers, highly trained information specialists embed best practices in the organizing, structuring the institution's knowledge. This article is aimed to seek ways to provide advanced library information services for clinicians and the other healthcare providers in conjunction with evidence-based medicine.
History of the Merck Manual's One Century: History of Medical Information Supply
Authors: Kim Chong-Hwae
Published: June 2024

In 1899, the American drug manufacturer Merck & Co. first published a small book titled Merck's Manual of the Materia Medica. It was meant as an aid to physicians and pharmacists, reminding doctors that "Memory is treacherous." By the 1980s, the book had become the world's largest selling medical text and was translated into more than a dozen languages. In 1990, the editors of The Merck Manual introduced The Merck Manual of Geriatrics. This new book quickly became the best-selling textbook of geriatric medicine, providing specific and comprehensive information on the care of older people. In 1997, The Merck Manual of Medical Information-Home Edition was published. In this revolutionary book, the editors translated the complex medical information in The Merck Manual into plain language, producing a book meant for all those people interested in medical care who did not have a medical degree. The Merck Manual of Health & Aging, published in 2004, continued Merck's commitment to education and geriatric care, providing information on aging and the care of older people in words understandable by the lay public. The world's most widely used medical reference now features expanded clinical focus on each category of disorder, as well as more specific guidance on patient examinations.
The Development and Applications of Institution Research Achievements Management System: A Case for K Hospital
Authors: Lee Young-Jin , Park Jae-Ok , Park Yong-Woon
Published: June 2024

In the hospital, as the request of the research achievements application and data was increased, the necessity of the research achievements administration was needed systematic and effective emerged. Thus, we selected only the professors' belonging to the hospital in affiliation among data constructed in the total information system of the university and tried to construct the second research achievements system. We had to get the agreement of the author about transfer of paper files based on the work session with the university and the private information protection laws as the condition precedent. We constructed the system through the screen configuration and additional data adjustment, and etc. We found the useful information through this system development. The first, international scientific journal publication's current state (SCI, SCIE, SSCI, SCOPUS, and etc). Second, the domestic journal publication's current state which is not grasped in the citation index database (the Web of Science, SCOPUS, and etc). Third, the level of contribution of authors (sole-author, the first author, the corresponding author, co-author, etc.), the publication type (articles, case reports, review, etc). Fourth, the construction of the institutional repositories with the accumulated of paper files up-loaded. Finally, introduction to the achievement of the medical staff on the hospital homepage linking to this system. The medical librarian can analyze the research trends with bibliometric approach to the accumulated data through this system.
Fuel Price Increase: Unveiling the Torments and Agonies of the Transportation Sector — Basis for Policy Formation
Authors: Conchas Cydeah Aldic , Apas Roel
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of oil price hikes on the transportation sector in Padada, Davao del Sur. Utilizing a phenomenological approach and qualitative design, purposive sampling was conducted among fourteen participants from various transportation sectors. Data was analyzed through Data Reduction, Data Display, and Conclusion Verification, with assistance from a data analyst. The findings indicate that rising fuel prices significantly affect livelihoods and lifestyles, highlighting the broader impact of global issues on local communities. Additionally, increased oil prices have led to fare adjustments, impacting passengers' monthly budgets. The study suggests that government programs to support local transportation owners and drivers and initiatives for domestic oil exploration could mitigate these effects. Budget constraints and fuel price stabilization policies were also identified as relevant considerations for public administration. Consequently, it is recommended that the Local Government Unit of Padada, Davao del Sur, propose policies to address the impact of oil price increases on the transportation sector. Additionally, revising and strengthening Municipality Ordinance 003, Series of 2009, which allows for passenger fare adjustments based on daily oil prices, is advised.
Juez y parte en el entorno digital: de Kieslowski al metaverso
Authors: Calaza López Sonia , De Prada Rodríguez Mercedes
Published: June 2024

El proceso judicial en un marco cultural y digital es una obra que nace en el marco de dos Proyectos I+D+i del MICINN —«Ejes de la Justicia en tiempos de cambio» y «Transición Digital de la Justicia» (dirigidos por Sonia Calaza)—. El objetivo es compartir muchos ideales, convicciones, principios y emociones, con un hilo conductor común: el proceso judicial —el Poder Judicial, el «servicio público»: Justicia— como uno de los bastiones de nuestro Estado de Derecho: la motivación, el razonamiento, la congruencia y la decisión judicial —en definitiva, el juicio— como motor de cambio del mundo; el poder transformador del universo jurídico —a cargo de los principales protagonistas del proceso: jueces, fiscales, letrados de la Administración de Justicia, abogados, procuradores y justiciables— del que todos, en potencia o en acto, formamos parte, pues la Justicia es, sin duda alguna, además de un «valor esencial», el apasionado corazón de nuestro Estado social y democrático de Derecho. Este libro es, además, una auténtica representación literaria y digital de la creación judicial del Derecho: los jueces y magistrados, en su exclusiva función jurisdiccional, la del enjuiciamiento, afrontan una aplicación de la Ley que no siempre puede ser franca, diáfana y automática. El «enjuiciamiento» está hecho de «diferentes palos»: comprensión, razonamiento, motivación e interpretación —¡también capacidad de persuasión!—, del caso concreto, no exentos de creación, y auténtica recreación, judicial del Derecho.
La administración de justicia a la luz de la poesía
Authors: Castán Pérez-Gómez Antonio
Published: June 2024

El proceso judicial en un marco cultural y digital es una obra que nace en el marco de dos Proyectos I+D+i del MICINN —«Ejes de la Justicia en tiempos de cambio» y «Transición Digital de la Justicia» (dirigidos por Sonia Calaza)—. El objetivo es compartir muchos ideales, convicciones, principios y emociones, con un hilo conductor común: el proceso judicial —el Poder Judicial, el «servicio público»: Justicia— como uno de los bastiones de nuestro Estado de Derecho: la motivación, el razonamiento, la congruencia y la decisión judicial —en definitiva, el juicio— como motor de cambio del mundo; el poder transformador del universo jurídico —a cargo de los principales protagonistas del proceso: jueces, fiscales, letrados de la Administración de Justicia, abogados, procuradores y justiciables— del que todos, en potencia o en acto, formamos parte, pues la Justicia es, sin duda alguna, además de un «valor esencial», el apasionado corazón de nuestro Estado social y democrático de Derecho. Este libro es, además, una auténtica representación literaria y digital de la creación judicial del Derecho: los jueces y magistrados, en su exclusiva función jurisdiccional, la del enjuiciamiento, afrontan una aplicación de la Ley que no siempre puede ser franca, diáfana y automática. El «enjuiciamiento» está hecho de «diferentes palos»: comprensión, razonamiento, motivación e interpretación —¡también capacidad de persuasión!—, del caso concreto, no exentos de creación, y auténtica recreación, judicial del Derecho.
Procedural law and social peace
Authors: Fontestad Portalés María
Published: June 2024

This book includes a complete research about the general notions of the Spanish Procedural System. It is structured in fifteen chapters analyzing the relationship between Procedural Law and social peace, the definition, content and source of Procedural Law, and the diverse methods of conflict resolution: mediation, conciliation, arbitration and jurisdiction. Moreover, the basic concepts of the discipline are also reviewed, namely jurisdiction, action and process, and other fundamental institutions necessary to understand the functioning of the Spanish judicial system, such as the principles of proceedings, the organization of justice system of courts, the conflicts of jurisdiction and competence, the staff in the service of the Courts and Tribunals, the facts and the procedural acts, the legal costs, the right to free legal assistance, and the preparation of the process, without forgetting the voluntary jurisdiction proceedings. Written by Procedural Law Professors at Spanish Universities and reviewed by professional philologists, this book affords an approach to the legal-practical world perfectly combining pedagogical and linguistic rigour.
Methods of conflict resolution: self-composition
Authors: Jiménez López María
Published: June 2024

This book includes a complete research about the general notions of the Spanish Procedural System. It is structured in fifteen chapters analyzing the relationship between Procedural Law and social peace, the definition, content and source of Procedural Law, and the diverse methods of conflict resolution: mediation, conciliation, arbitration and jurisdiction. Moreover, the basic concepts of the discipline are also reviewed, namely jurisdiction, action and process, and other fundamental institutions necessary to understand the functioning of the Spanish judicial system, such as the principles of proceedings, the organization of justice system of courts, the conflicts of jurisdiction and competence, the staff in the service of the Courts and Tribunals, the facts and the procedural acts, the legal costs, the right to free legal assistance, and the preparation of the process, without forgetting the voluntary jurisdiction proceedings. Written by Procedural Law Professors at Spanish Universities and reviewed by professional philologists, this book affords an approach to the legal-practical world perfectly combining pedagogical and linguistic rigour.
The preparation of the process: on preliminary proceedings
Authors: Fontestad Portalés María
Published: June 2024

This book includes a complete research about the general notions of the Spanish Procedural System. It is structured in fifteen chapters analyzing the relationship between Procedural Law and social peace, the definition, content and source of Procedural Law, and the diverse methods of conflict resolution: mediation, conciliation, arbitration and jurisdiction. Moreover, the basic concepts of the discipline are also reviewed, namely jurisdiction, action and process, and other fundamental institutions necessary to understand the functioning of the Spanish judicial system, such as the principles of proceedings, the organization of justice system of courts, the conflicts of jurisdiction and competence, the staff in the service of the Courts and Tribunals, the facts and the procedural acts, the legal costs, the right to free legal assistance, and the preparation of the process, without forgetting the voluntary jurisdiction proceedings. Written by Procedural Law Professors at Spanish Universities and reviewed by professional philologists, this book affords an approach to the legal-practical world perfectly combining pedagogical and linguistic rigour.
Staff in the service of the courts and tribunals
Authors: Pérez Tortosa Francesc
Published: June 2024

This book includes a complete research about the general notions of the Spanish Procedural System. It is structured in fifteen chapters analyzing the relationship between Procedural Law and social peace, the definition, content and source of Procedural Law, and the diverse methods of conflict resolution: mediation, conciliation, arbitration and jurisdiction. Moreover, the basic concepts of the discipline are also reviewed, namely jurisdiction, action and process, and other fundamental institutions necessary to understand the functioning of the Spanish judicial system, such as the principles of proceedings, the organization of justice system of courts, the conflicts of jurisdiction and competence, the staff in the service of the Courts and Tribunals, the facts and the procedural acts, the legal costs, the right to free legal assistance, and the preparation of the process, without forgetting the voluntary jurisdiction proceedings. Written by Procedural Law Professors at Spanish Universities and reviewed by professional philologists, this book affords an approach to the legal-practical world perfectly combining pedagogical and linguistic rigour.
LA ENTRADA Y SALIDA DE LOS EXTRANJEROS DE ESPAÑA
Authors: Masanet Fernández Juan Manuel , Heredia Sánchez Lerdys Saray
Published: June 2024

Esta obra, eminentemente práctica, constituye un acercamiento a la realidad social con la que nos encontramos dentro la práctica diaria en materia migratoria en España. Desde casi tres décadas España es destino de una gran cantidad de migrantes que llegan por diversos motivos, fundamentalmente ilusionados con encontrar una mejor situación socio-laboral. Esta situación unida a la necesidad existente en nuestro mercado laboral de encontrar mano de obra en determinados sectores económicos, ha hecho que gran cantidad de inmigrantes hayan encontrado en España esa ilusión y, por consiguiente, que la mayoría de ellos hayan decidido instalarse en nuestro país de manera estable. El estudio del sistema jurídico español de extranjería se realiza con una visión eminentemente práctica, de forma que el estudio de la misma, ya sea total o parcial, se pueda entender con la suficiente claridad y cercanía. Para ello se han tenido en cuenta los criterios necesarios para que, además de las importantes reflexiones que se exponen, se pueda trabajar atendiendo a la practicidad. Esta obra presenta al alumnado, al profesional del Derecho y a toda persona interesada en el Derecho de la extranjería y de la nacionalidad una mejor comprensión, orientación y asesoramiento en estas materias, con la finalidad de facilitarles una adecuada defensa de los intereses del ciudadano extranjero.
TIPOS DE AUTORIZACIONES DE RESIDENCIA Y ACCESO AL MERCADO LABORAL DE LOS EXTRANJEROS EN ESPAÑA
Authors: Heredia Sánchez Lerdys Saray , Masanet Fernández Juan Manuel
Published: June 2024

Esta obra, eminentemente práctica, constituye un acercamiento a la realidad social con la que nos encontramos dentro la práctica diaria en materia migratoria en España. Desde casi tres décadas España es destino de una gran cantidad de migrantes que llegan por diversos motivos, fundamentalmente ilusionados con encontrar una mejor situación socio-laboral. Esta situación unida a la necesidad existente en nuestro mercado laboral de encontrar mano de obra en determinados sectores económicos, ha hecho que gran cantidad de inmigrantes hayan encontrado en España esa ilusión y, por consiguiente, que la mayoría de ellos hayan decidido instalarse en nuestro país de manera estable. El estudio del sistema jurídico español de extranjería se realiza con una visión eminentemente práctica, de forma que el estudio de la misma, ya sea total o parcial, se pueda entender con la suficiente claridad y cercanía. Para ello se han tenido en cuenta los criterios necesarios para que, además de las importantes reflexiones que se exponen, se pueda trabajar atendiendo a la practicidad. Esta obra presenta al alumnado, al profesional del Derecho y a toda persona interesada en el Derecho de la extranjería y de la nacionalidad una mejor comprensión, orientación y asesoramiento en estas materias, con la finalidad de facilitarles una adecuada defensa de los intereses del ciudadano extranjero.
Pengaruh Insentif Dan Locus of Control Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Syariah
Authors: Baharuddin Baharuddin , Hanafi Muh. Alam Nasyrah , Nurjaya Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh insentif dan locus of control terhadap kinerja karyawan pada pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Syariah Bakti Huria Syariah Makassar. Variabel yang digunakan adalah insentif dan locus of control dan kinerja karyawan. Metode pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada Karyawan koperasi Simpan Pinjam Syariah Bakti Huria Syariah Makassar. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 40 responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel jenuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel insentif berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, secara parsial variabel locus of control berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Sedangkan secara simultan variabel insentif dan locus of control berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Perangkat Desa, Partisipasi Masyarakat, Komitmen Organisasi Dan Transparansi Terhadap Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa
Authors: Riyadi Padlah
Published: June 2024

The aim of the research is to test and provide empirical evidence of the influence of village officials' competence, community participation, organizational commitment and transparency on the accountability of village fund management. This research was conducted using a sample determination method, namely purposive sampling, with a quantitative research type. Data analysis was carried out using a multiple regression analysis model. Hypothesis testing was carried out to determine the extent of influence of village apparatus competence, community participation, organizational commitment and transparency on accountability in managing village funds, either partially or simultaneously. The results of hypothesis testing show that the competence of village officials has no effect on the accountability of village fund management, while community participation, organizational commitment and transparency have a positive effect on the accountability of village fund management.
Artificial Intelligence and Operational Efficiency of Deposit Money Banks in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, Caleb University, Imota, Adeyemo Felicia , Okoronkwo Grace
Published: June 2024

This paper examines the effect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the operational efficiency of deposit money banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study identified the types of AI technologies that are used by banks and examined the impact of the different types of technologies on the operational efficiency of five deposit money banks, namely: First Bank of Nigeria, United Bank of Africa, Guaranty Trust Bank, Access Bank, and Zenith Bank, all public liability companies with headquarters located in the Lagos metropolis. The study adopted a survey research design. Copies of the questionnaire were administered to 450 regular employees selected randomly from the five banks. The study revealed that deep learning (β = 0.400, t = 5.445, p<0.05); Automation (β = 0.202, t = 2.143, p<0.05) and fraud detection (β = 0.460, t = 7.095, p<0.05) had positive and significant effects on the operational efficiency of the selected deposit money banks, while chatbots had a positive but insignificant effect. The study concluded that artificial intelligence significantly contributed to the operational efficiency of the selected deposit money banks in Nigeria. The authors recommend that deposit money banks should effectively make use of artificial intelligence, especially deep learning, automation, and fraud detection, to improve organizational efficiency
Application of Mobile Telephony to Improve Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors:   African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife, Adesokun Oluwaseye , Ilori Matthew , Afolabi Margaret , Ihekoronye Maduabuchi , Osemene Kanayo
Published: June 2024

Therapeutic failure, poor quality of life and high economic costs have been linked to poor adherence to medication in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. This paper aims to assess patients’ glycemic control, knowledge of T2D and adherence to medications, and evaluate the impact of mobile telephone-based intervention on these indices. A one-year retrospective review of pharmacy refill records was followed by a 6-months’ randomized controlled intervention conducted among 121 T2D patients in a secondary health care facility in Nigeria. Participants were assigned to control (n = 60) and intervention (n = 61) groups. The intervention comprised twice-weekly short message service (SMS) follow-up messaging to the intervention group alongside usual healthcare services. Control group received no SMS. Primary (HbA1c) and secondary (knowledge and adherence) outcome indicators were measured and compared pre- and post-intervention. The same copy of questionnaire was administered at baseline and post-intervention to both groups. Chi-square test was used to examine association of variables while two-sample t-test was conducted to compare mean pre- and post- intervention scores in both groups at p<0.05. The study revealed that intervention significantly improved glycemic control (HbA1c reduction) (p = 0.01). For the control group, mean pre- and post- intervention knowledge scores were 2.798 and 3.118 respectively (t = 1.1368, p = 0.2705) while intervention group recorded 2.714 and 4.193 respectively (t = 5.6772, p<0.001) on a 5-point Likert scale. Pre- and post- intervention adherence scores for control group were 3.804 and 4.013 respectively, (t = 0.2343, p = 0.8182) while intervention group had 3.430 and 6.859 respectively (t = 6.3216, p>0.001) on the 8-point Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). The study concluded that patients initially had poor glycemic control, fair knowledge of T2D and low adherence to medications. SMS intervention significantly improved all three indices. Policy reforms in healthcare financing is recommended for sustainable provision of mhealth follow-up in diabetes care.
Una lectura contemporánea de Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels de Kant
Authors: Giribet Gaston
Published: June 2024

Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels [Historia natural universal y teoría de los cielos] es, no sólo una de las obras más maduras del período precrítico de la biografía intelectual de Kant, sino uno de los libros más importantes que el prodigio de Königsberg haya escrito en toda su vida. Lejos de agotarse en meditaciones cosmológicas y una paráfrasis cualitativa de la teoría newtoniana de la gravitación, Historia natural universal y teoría de los cielos incluye una teoría de para la extensión de la substancia, una metafísica de las leyes de la naturaleza, consideraciones sobre teología, sobre ética y, como sostendrán algunos, hasta sobre antropología. Aquí, ofrecemos una lectura original de Historia natural universal y teoría de los cielos deteniéndonos en varios puntos cuya importancia ha pasado desapercibida en algunos comentarios de esta. Nuestro análisis hace foco en el contexto histórico-científico en que el libro de Kant fue escrito. La influencia que pensadores como Swedenborg y Wright tuvieron sobre Kant, y la estrecha relación que la teoría cosmológica de Kant guarda con las especulaciones de otros filósofos naturales de finales del siglo XVIII, como Michell y Laplace, permiten vislumbrar el panorama científico de su época: cuáles eran las preguntas de la filosofía natural y de la metafísica de las ciencias de la naturaleza en el momento en que Historia natural universal y teoría de los cielos fue terminado (1755). Asimismo, ofrecemos también una lectura de las intuiciones cosmológicas de Kant desde el punto de vista de la física actual.
Formación de la competencia digital docente en la era de la inteligencia artificial
Authors: Martins Inés , Santos Guimarães Carvalho Isamélia
Published: June 2024

La inteligencia artificial (IA) se ha instaurado en la sociedad y sobre todo en la educación evocando controversias y prejuicios, y convirtiéndose en la gran temática actual. Esta nueva realidad supone nuevas demandas y suscita dos necesidades en el proceso de implantación de la IA en la educación. Primero, que las instituciones educativas se preparen para los cambios y transformaciones que esta implantación conlleva. Y, segundo, no menos importante y seguramente una extensión del primero, que la formación del profesorado se enfoque en la adquisición y desarrollo de las competencias digitales necesarias para la utilización adecuada de la IA, ya sea para valorar sus innumerables posibilidades de aprendizaje o para repensar el modelo educativo actual.
[Water governance: future and sustainability - groundwater]
Authors: Cerutti Paolo , Beretta Giovanni Pietro , De Zorzi Nicola , Rossetto Rudy
Published: June 2024

[Article in Italian]
Governo delle acque: futuro e sostenibilità - acque sotterranee
[Deep geothermal and energy: electricity, geothermal lithium, critical raw materials]
Authors: Cerutti Paolo , Dini Andrea , Emani Emanuele
Published: June 2024

[Article in Italian]
An Empirical Study on Cataract Multiclass Grading Assessment with Slit Lamp Bio-microscope Images Using Neural Network Models
Authors:   Department of Medical Electronics Engineering, B. M. S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560019, India, Atada Likhitha D. , Manisha S. Joshi ,   Department of Medical Electronics Engineering, B. M. S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560019, India, Dayananda A. J. ,   Department of Ophthalmology, K. C. General Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560003, India
Published: June 2024

Cataract, an age-related eye disease, poses a significant ophthalmological public health challenge in both developed and developing nations. Tailoring treatment or surgery plans helps accurately categorise the cataract's developmental stage. Precise cataract grading helps in diagnosing cataracts and subsequently scheduling surgical intervention. In this project endeavour, a solution is presented to automate the cataract grading process utilizing slit lamp bio-microscope data sets acquired through smartphones. This innovation is particularly valuable for novice practitioners and non-specialist doctors/experts who may struggle with proficiently interpreting cataract progression, leading to potential misdiagnoses. To address this challenge, a Neural Network model is harnessed to automatically predict the grade of cataracts. The study employs multi-class image classification models, including the Convolutional neural network (CNN) model, the Efficient Net B0 model, and the ResNet50 model, for this purpose. Notably, the ResNet50 model outperforms the other models in terms of accuracy and prediction capability for the provided data set. Achieving an accuracy rate of 0.8611, the ResNet50 model demonstrates superior performance in classifying cataract grades, after augmenting the data set with 544 images. This performance comparison establishes the ResNet50 model as the most robust choice among the considered models and data sets.
Factors associated with poor sleep quality among dental students in Malaysia
Authors: Jie Khor Yong , Mohamad Noraini , Mohd Adnan Munirah , Mohd Nor Nor Azlida , Abdul Hamid Nor Faharina , Abllah Zurainie
Published: June 2024

Background

Good sleep quality is crucial for dental students as they must have optimal cognitive function, memory, and decision-making to accomplish their learning requirements. This study aims to determine sleep quality, its associated factors, and the association between sleep quality and academic performance among dental students in Malaysia.

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved dental students at four public universities in Malaysia. A validated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was used to assess their sleep quality. An additional self-administered questionnaire was employed to obtain the students’ sociodemographic profile, lifestyle, and academic performance. The data were analysed using descriptive, chi-square, and multiple logistic regression.

Results

Three hundred eighty-four dental students participated in this study. About half of the dental students (51.6%) have poor sleep quality. The mean of sleep hours per night was 5.72 (SD 1.06). The sleep quality was significantly poor among Malay students (P = 0.023), students who stayed at hostel (P = 0.002), and those who consumed caffeinated drinks (P = 0.028). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the poor sleep quality was significantly associated with self-perceived poor academic performance (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 2.95, 95% CI [1.25–6.96], P-value = 0.013) and students skipping class (AOR 1.70, 95% CI [1.00–2.91], P-value = 0.046).

Conclusions

Most of the dental students in Malaysia have poor sleep quality. Ethnicity, accommodation, and caffeine consumption were significantly associated with sleep quality. Awareness to sleep quality among dental students is needed to ensure they are able to cope with the challenging dental school learning environment.
Genetic characterization of the prion protein gene in camels (Camelus) with comments on the evolutionary history of prion disease in Cetartiodactyla
Authors: Wright Emily A. , Reddock Madison B. , Roberts Emma K. , Legesse Yoseph W. , Perry Gad , Bradley Robert D.
Published: June 2024

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a fatal neurogenerative disease that include Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in humans, scrapie in sheep and goats, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and several others as well as the recently described camel prion disease (CPD). CPD originally was documented in 3.1% of camels examined during an antemortem slaughterhouse inspection in the Ouargla region of Algeria. Of three individuals confirmed for CPD, two were sequenced for the exon 3 of the prion protein gene (PRNP) and were identical to sequences previously reported for Camelus dromedarius. Given that other TSEs, such as BSE, are known to be capable of cross–species transmission and that there is household consumption of meat and milk from Camelus, regulations to ensure camel and human health should be a One Health priority in exporting countries. Although the interspecies transmissibility of CPD currently is unknown, genotypic characterization of Camelus PRNP may be used for predictability of predisposition and potential susceptibility to CPD. Herein, eight breeds of dromedary camels from a previous genetic (mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites) and morphological study were genotyped for PRNP and compared to genotypes from CPD–positive Algerian camels. Sequence data from PRNP indicated that Ethiopian camels possessed 100% sequence identity to CPD–positive camels from Algeria. In addition, the camel PRNP genotype is unique compared to other members of the Orders Cetartiodactyla and Perissodactyla and provides an in–depth phylogenetic analysis of families within Cetartiodactyla and Perissodactyla that was used to infer the evolutionary history of the PRNP gene.
Continuous training in young athletes decreases hepcidin secretion and is positively correlated with serum 25(OH)D and ferritin
Authors: Kobayashi Yukiko , Taniguchi Rikako , Shirasaki Emiko , Yoshimoto Yuko Segawa , Aoi Wataru , Kuwahata Masashi
Published: June 2024

Background

Iron deficiency is known to impair muscle function and reduce athletic performance, while vitamin D has been reported to induce iron deficiency. However, the mechanism underlying exercise-induced changes in iron metabolism and the involvement of vitamins in this mechanism are unclear. The present study examined changes in biological iron metabolism induced by continuous training and the effects of vitamin D on these changes.

Methods

Diet, physical characteristics, and blood test data were collected from 23 female high school students in a dance club on the last day of each of a 2-month continuous training period and a 2-week complete rest periods.

Results

Serum hepcidin-25 levels were significantly lower during the training period than the rest period (p = 0.013), as were the red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit (all p < 0.001). Serum erythropoietin was significantly higher (p = 0.001) during the training period. Significant positive correlations were observed between 25(OH)D levels and serum iron, serum ferritin, and transferrin saturation during the training period. Multiple regression analysis with serum 25(OH)D level as the dependent variable and serum ferritin and iron levels as independent variables during the training period revealed a significant association with serum ferritin.

Conclusion

Continuous training may promote hemolysis and erythropoiesis, contributing to the suppression of hepcidin expression. The relationship between serum 25(OH)D and iron in vivo may be closely related to metabolic changes induced by the exercise load.
La disputa sobre las aguas del Silala entre Chile y Bolivia. Comentario de la sentencia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia de fecha 1 de diciembre de 2022
Authors: López Escarcena Sebastián
Published: June 2024

La disputa sobre el estatus y uso de las aguas del Silala es el segundo caso que han tenido Bolivia y Chile ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia. No obstante, a diferencia del asunto de la obligación de negociar un acceso al Océano Pacífico, en esta disputa el tribunal no resolvió la controversia a favor de ninguno de los litigantes, al estimar que esta carecía fundamentalmente de objeto al momento de pronunciar su fallo. Sin dictar la sentencia declaratoria solicitada, la Corte constató una convergencia en la mayoría de las posiciones de las partes, rechazando las otras. La sentencia en el asunto de las aguas del Silala es una decisión curiosa, fuertemente criticada no solo por algunos de los jueces del mismo tribunal que la dictara, sino que también por los diversos autores que la han estudiado. No pudiendo probar lo aseverado antes de entrar a juicio, Bolivia fue cambiando de posición durante el proceso hasta llegar a coincidir con el principal punto alegado por Chile en esta controversia: que el Silala es un curso de agua internacional regido por el derecho internacional consuetudinario, el cual establece ciertos derechos y obligaciones para los estados ribereños. Aun cuando la sentencia del tribunal recogió este punto, lo hizo de una manera indirecta, sin declarar en qué consiste concretamente el acuerdo alcanzado entre los litigan- tes durante el juicio, y qué involucra específicamente para Bolivia y Chile como estados ribereños del Silala.
Evaluating the Use of Audiovisual Distraction in Reducing Stress during Dental Treatment in Children using Salivary Chromogranin A: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Vora Khevna , Shah Preetam , Jagtap Chetana , Chaudhary Shweta , Patil Smita , Davalbhakta Rucha
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Audiovisual Distraction (AVD), as a behaviour management technique, has gained significant importance in aiding patient cooperation during routine dental procedures. However, the scale at which it makes a difference needs to be evaluated. Objective approaches like measuring heart rate and pulse rates are unreliable methods. The quantification can be done using salivary Chromogranin A (CgA), a stress marker. Aim: To evaluate the use of AVD for reducing stress in children aged 4-7 years during dental treatment using salivary CgA. Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted within the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India, from January 2022 to March 2022 after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institute and consent from parents. Six uncooperative children who required two Class-I restorative treatments for occlusal caries involving enamel and dentin were included in the study. The sample size was estimated using G*Power software v3.1.9.2 and calculated using t-tests. The treatment plan was divided into two appointments. In the first appointment, the cavity was prepared without the use of AVD. In the second appointment, AVD was incorporated during the dental procedure using the patient’s favourite cartoon. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected during both appointments, before and immediately after the procedure, which were sent to the laboratory for evaluation of CgA levels to gauge the stress levels during each appointment and the effect AVD has on the same. Results: Within the group without AV aids used, the mean salivary CgA levels showed a significant increase from 0.23 pmol/mg pretreatment to 1.26 pmol/mg protein after treatment. Within the group with AV aids, salivary CgA levels showed a significant reduction (p≤0.05) from 1.08 pmol/mg before treatment to 0.43 pmol/mg protein after treatment. There was also a significant difference in the change in salivary CgA levels from pre- to post-treatment between the two study groups. Conclusion: The study shows quantitatively that AVD reduced stress levels during dental treatment and therefore can be used as an adjunct for behaviour management. It can also be seen that Salivary CgA is a reliable short-term stress marker and can be used objectively to evaluate and quantify stress levels in children.
Effect of Kettlebell Training versus Plyometric Training on Agility, Static Balance and Dynamic Balance in Volleyball Players: A Research Protocol of an Experimental Study
Authors: Jaiswal Pratik Raman , Ramteke Swapnil Ulhas
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Volleyball is a dynamic sport that places high demands on an athlete’s ability to move quickly and efficiently. Kettlebell training utilises a unique offset weight, challenging core stability, and multijoint coordination, potentially mimicking movements in volleyball. Plyometric training, on the other hand, focuses on rapid muscle contractions to develop power. Despite their popularity, limited research directly compares the effectiveness of these methods for enhancing the skills crucial for volleyball players. Need of the study: Lower limb injuries are common in volleyball players, and improving agility and balance can help in reducing the risk of these injuries. The purpose of the research is to bridge this information disparity by investigating the effects of both kettlebell training and plyometric training. By analysing the results, the authors can gain valuable insights into how each training approach influences these fundamental movement skills. This knowledge can ultimately help in the development of targeted training programs specifically designed to enhance performance and training strategies for volleyball athletes. Aim: To assess the subjects’ agility, static balance, and dynamic balance in volleyball players treated with kettlebell training and plyometric training. Materials and Methods: This two-arm parallel randomised experimental study will be conducted at the Department of Sports Physiotherapy of Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, from July 2023 to July 2024. A total of 50 participants will be assigned to 2 groups, with one group receiving kettlebell training (Group-A) and the other group receiving plyometric training (Group-B). Assessments will be conducted on the first day of intervention and at the end of the sixth week of treatment, respectively. To evaluate the inequality in effect size between the groups, statistical significance will be assessed using either a parametric test or non parametric test at a 5% level of significance. For normally distributed values, a t-test (Unpaired) will be used and for non normally distributed data, non-parametric tests (Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon’s test) will be utilised.
Cross-cultural Communication Barriers in Zambian Healthcare: Implications for Patient Care
Authors: Gerald Chishiba , Victor Lunda
Published: June 2024

Some members of the Zambian society have frequently raised concerns over errors and delays observed during the treatment of patients in clinics and hospitals. They have argued that these challenges could have been caused by inadequate communication between the medical staff and their patients. This article looks specifically at the cross-cultural communication barriers that are found in healthcare and their implications on patient care.  In this study, we focus on a number of cross-cultural challenges that have frequently hindered effective communication between health care providers and their patients in two public medical facilities in our Country. The study specifically concentrated on two public health institutions, namely: Katondo clinic and Kabwe General Hospital. A qualitative research design was deemed most appropriate, because it allowed for a deep exploration of the subjective experiences and perspectives of both healthcare workers and patients. Semi-structured interview questions were used to gather in-depth insights from participants. In addition, observations of interactions between healthcare providers and their patients at Katondo Clinic and the General hospital were also conducted as part of the study. We thereafter analysed data collected. The findings of this research work revealed that the main cross-cultural barriers to communication are language, ethnocentrism, conflicting value and psychological issues, just to mention a few. The results further revealed a number of serious linguistic and cultural challenges hindering communication between the medical staff and their patients, such as language differences, limited or absence of professional interpreting services, as well as inadequate cultural and linguistic competence among the medical experts. These challenges have, in many instances, resulted in inappropriate health service delivery. Many a scholar have argued that language plays an important role in human organisations such as the Ministry of Health. This study concluded, inter alia, that a deliberate language policy framework should be developed, in order to address the communication challenges between the health care providers and their patients in Zambia. It should be hoped that once the language policy has been put in place, it will significantly reduce the communication challenges between the two parties. Furthermore, Health facilities should consider training or employing qualified interpreters.
Nigerian Orthodontic Patients’ Satisfaction with Duration of Conventional Treatment, their Perception and Attitude towards Accelerated Orthodontics in a University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Onyeaso Chukwudi O. , Ututu Chinyere , Chukwuma Emmanuel , Orikpete Marian , Fasakin Adetayo E. , Okino Benjamin O. , Okino Chikamaram O.
Published: June 2024

Background: Accelerated orthodontics has been receiving increased interest in the global orthodontic community recently, but the knowledge and practice of it is still very limited among orthodontists and the orthodontic patients.
Aim: To assess the satisfaction of some Nigerian orthodontic patients with duration of conventional orthodontic treatment, as well as their perception and attitude towards accelerated orthodontics.
Materials and Methods: A clinic-based cross-sectional survey of patients at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital between March 2023 and May, 2024. All the 117 patients consisting of 50(42.7%) males and 67(57.3%) females with the age range of 10 to 63 years and mean age of 24.79 + 11.60 (SD) filled and returned the self-administered questionnaire, giving a response rate of 100%. Statistical analysis of the data was done using SPSS IBM 25 and descriptive, chi-square, student’s t-test and ANOVA statistics were employed. The significance level was set at P < .05.
Results: Over 64% of the patients expressed satisfaction with the duration of conventional orthodontic treatment without any significant gender differences (P >.05). They generally prefer the non-invasive procedures of accelerated orthodontics to the invasive techniques. Although the patients would want to use non-invasive accelerated orthodontics, cost remains a major limiting factor.
Conclusion/Recommendation: High proportion of the patients is satisfied with the duration of conventional orthodontic treatment without gender bias, and some proportion of them would prefer non-invasive accelerated orthodontic procedures but cost is a limiting factor.
Effect of Soil Test Crop Response Approach on Growth and Yield of Rabi Onion in Inceptisols
Authors: P. B. Margal , S. Thakare Ritu , B. M. Kamble , D. B. Kshirsagar , M. R. Patil , N. S. Titirmare, , A. S. Gaikwad
Published: June 2024

A field experiment of fertilizer equation validation was carried out during the Rabi season of 2022-23 to determine the effect of the Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) target equation on the growth and yield of Rabi onion. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with ten treatment combinations viz., Absolute Control, Generalised Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (GRDF)  100: 50: 50 N P2O5 K2O Kg ha-1 + FYM 25 t ha-1, As per Soil Test, STCRC target for 250 q ha-1 without vermicompost, STCRC target for 300 q ha-1 without vermicompost, STCRC target for 350 q ha-1 without vermicompost + Biofertilizer, STCRC target for 250 q ha-1 with vermicompost, STCRC target for 300 q ha-1 with vermicompost, STCRC target for 300 q ha-1 with vermicompost +  Biofertilizer, Only 5 t ha-1 vermicompost. The research findings revealed that treatment T9 resulted in a significantly higher number of leaves (8.56 and 11.52) at 40 and 80 days after transplanting (DAT), height of crop (42.00 and 57.46 cm) at 40 and 80 days after transplanting (DAT), Chlorophyll (41.30 and 51.84) at 45 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT), polar and equatorial diameter (6.36 and 9.48 cm), neck girth (4.94 cm) and bulb weight (64.09 gm). Similarly, the treatment T9- STCRC target for 300 q ha-1 with vermicompost + Biofertilizer achieved significantly superior bulb yield (363.67 q ha-1) with per cent deviation of 3.90 % and top yield (67.18 q ha-1).
Bacillus and Stenotrophomonas- The Predominant Culturable Endosymbiotic Bacterial Genus in Paracaccus marginatus
Authors: P. Megaladevi , Kennedy J. S. , Jeyarani S.
Published: June 2024

The papaya mealybug being polyphagous in nature, adapted to a large number of host plants. The secondary endosymbiotic profile of mealybugs are specific to their host plants. The culturable endosymbiotic bacteria of papaya mealybug from five different host plants (papaya, brinjal, mulberry, congress grass and tapioca) were isolated in Luria Bertani agar and Nutrient Agar medium. Gram staining, biochemical characterization and molecular identification of isolates were carried out. Molecular identification of the isolates resulted that the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus cluasii and the gram-negative bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are the two secondary culturable endosymbionts that are commonly found in PMB from all five selected host plants. Revealing the role of these endosymbionts may pave way in identifying a novel strategy for managing papaya mealybug.