bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nano-Cerium Oxide Promotes Proliferation of Hepatoma Cells and Regulates mRNA Expression of Apoptosis-Related Genes Bcl-2 and Bax, as Detected Through Real-Time Fluorescent Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Liu Zengyao , Wang Xiaochun , Xing Zhaohui , Xu Peng , Sun Jiefei
Published: July 2020

In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of nano-cerium oxide (CNPs) on the proliferation of hepatoma cells and expression of the Bcl-2 and Bax mRNAs. Huh7, 7721 and HepG2 liver cancer cells were cultured in vitro and treated with CNPs at concentrations of 0.005, 0.01,
0.05, 0.1, and 1 μg/mL. The effect of the CNPs on the proliferation of hepatoma cells were detected by an electrochemical method. The expressions of the Bcl-2 and Bax mRNAs were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Additionally, the effect of CNPs on the cell cycle was investigated by flow cytometry.
Low concentrations of CNPs have a proliferative effect on hepatoma cells. qRT-PCR showed that CNPs could inhibit the apoptosis of hepatoma cells. Flow cytometry showed that CNPs had no effect on the hepatocellular carcinoma cell cycle. Low concentrations of CNPs have a proliferative effect
on hepatoma cells.
Evaluation of Chitosan Nanomaterials in the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Mediated Gastric Diseases
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Ji Feng
Published: July 2020

We assessed the effect of chitosan on Helicobacter pylori (HPY) in vitro to provide an experimental basis for the clinical application of chitosan in the treatment of gastric diseases. Here, the method of hole drilling was used to detect the bacteriostatic effect
of different concentrations and pH values of chitosan on the standard bacterial strain Sydney strain I (SSI) and two strains of HPY isolated from patients. The bacteriostatic test was used to explore the effect of different molecular weights of chitosan and metal ions on the antibacterial
effect of chitosan. The effect of chitosan showed no significant difference among three HPY strains (p < 0.05); moreover, in the range of pH 5.5–8.5, the antibacterial effect of chitosan increased with decrease in pH value (p < 0.01). A significant difference
in the antibacterial effect of chitosan was observed at different concentrations (p < 0.01), reaching a peak at 40 g/mL. The molecular weight of chitosan was within 400 kb. With increasing molecular weight, the antibacterial activity of chitosan increased initially and then decreased.
The molecular weight of 0.200 kb demonstrated the strongest anti-HPY effect, with the antibacterial effect observed for up to 134 h. Metal ions such as NaCl and MgCl2 affected the anti-HPY effect of chitosan; with increasing concentration, the antibacterial percentage
decreased.
UV Light Driven Photoelectric Properties of ZnO Film to Humidity
Authors: Zou Zhijun , Tan Tan , Liao Gaohua , Li Chang , Sun Xiaoxiang , Li Fen , Zou Xinchang , Tao Jiayou
Published: July 2020

UV light driven photoelectric properties of ZnO film to humidity were researched. ZnO film was prepared through the method of screen printing sustained on Al2O3 substrate. ZnO was characterized by XRD, FE-SEM and EDX. The time-dependent UV light driven photoelectric
properties of ZnO were investigated by exposing it to different bias voltages and different relative humidity (20% RH, 40% RH, 60% RH and 80% RH). On one hand, the photoelectric properties of ZnO increased with the augmenting of bias voltage, which shows that a higher bias causes more separation
of carriers. On the other hand, the photocurrent decreased with the increase in relative humidity, which shows that bigger humidity results in smaller photoelectric property. To discuss these results, corresponding possible illustrations for the photoelectric properties under different conditions
were proposed.
Preparation of Magnetic Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/ZnO Nanocomposites and Their Photocatalytic Performances for Methylene Blue in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Huang Wei , Yu Qing-Mei , Wang Yan-Yan , Xu Yue-Yang , Zhou Wei , Liu Rui-Jiang
Published: July 2020

Magnetic Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/ZnO-R (NZFO/ZnO-R) nanocomposites are prepared via the rapid combustion-coprecipitation process, and they are characterized by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the X-ray Diffraction (XRD), the Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM), the Energy Dispersive X-ray Detector (EDX), the Specific Surface Area (BET), the UV-vis Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy (DRS), and the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The photocatalytic activity of NZFO/ZnO-R nanocomposites is assessed in ultraviolet light (365
nm) by decoloration of methylene blue (MB). The results show that the magnetic NZFO/ZnO-0.2 nanocomposites consist of particles and rods. The size of particles is 18 nm. The width and length of rods are 66 nm and 198 nm, respectively. NZFO/ZnO-0.5 nanocomposites have better photocatalytic
performance than that of NZFO, ZnO and NZFO/ZnO-R (R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.7) from the results. Through careful investigation of influencing parameters (the amount of catalysts, pH and concentration of MB solution), the degradation efficiency of MB is closely connected with the
transparency of solution and surface charge of catalysts. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of NZFO/ZnO-0.5 nanocomposites can be ascribed to the matching band positions between ZnO and NZFO, which results in a low recombination between the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The possible
mechanism is proposed for the improved ultraviolet photocatalytic activity of NZFO/ZnO-0.5 nanocomposites.
Study on the Effect of Nano Albumin Paclitaxel Combined with Carboplatin in the Treatment of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Hui , Mou Shaoyu , Tu Min
Published: July 2020

This study aims to compare the efficacy and side effects of albumin-binding paclitaxel plus carboplatin (NAB PC) and paclitaxel plus carboplatin (PC) in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 60 patients with advanced NSCLC diagnosed by histopathology
or cytology were randomly divided into nab PC group (albumin-binding paclitaxel 130 mg/mL, D1, D; carboplatin AUC = 6, D1) and PC group (paclitaxel 175 mg/mL, D1; carboplatin AUC = 6, D1), one cycle every three weeks. RECIST 1.1 standard was used to evaluate the short-term objective efficacy,
and who acute and subacute toxicity classification standard was used to evaluate the toxicity. The total effective rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR) of NAB PC group were 40.0% and 80.0%, respectively, which were higher than 23.3% and 60.0% of the PC group, respectively. This difference
was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In squamous cell carcinoma, the RR of NAB PC group and PC group were 57.1% (8/14) and 23.1% (3/13) respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05); in non-squamous cell carcinoma, the RR of the two groups were
25.0% (4/16) and 23.3% (4/17) without statistical significance (p > 0.05). The median progression free survival time of the NAB PC group and PC group was 6.5 and 5.9 months, respectively, with no significant difference (p>0.05). No significant difference arose in the incidence
of grade III–IV toxicity between the two groups (p > 0.05). The incidence of neutropenia in the NAB PC group was higher than that in the PC group (p < 0.05). The therapeutic effect of paclitaxel combined with carboplatin in the treatment of advanced NSCLC is better,
the effect of paclitaxel combined with carboplatin is better, and the side effects can be tolerated, which is worthy of clinical application. Patients are more satisfied with their care.
Benefits of a Nanosilver Nasal Spray for Postoperative Care of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Zhao Xia , Zhao Chenghua , Zhang Xiaoning , Xing Liqun
Published: July 2020

To explore tending to patients with chronic rhinosinusitis using a nanosilver compound. From February 2014 to August 2016, 112 surgical patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. Patients in the observation group were given
antibiotics, care to retain hemostasis, and other treatment after surgery. Patients in the observation group were administered treatment with bonbijing nano antibacterial water spray post-surgery. The progress of both groups recorded. Nanosilver is metallic silver of nanometer size. Nanosilver
particles in the spray are approximately 25 nm in diameter, strongly inhibit growth of or kill dozens of pathogenic microorganisms, e.g., Escherichia coli. Postoperative pain in patients in the observation group was less than pain in the control group patients (p < 0.05).
Symptom and sign scores in observation group patients were lower than scores in control group patients (p < 0.05). Incidence of adverse reactions and complications was also lower in observation group patients (p<0.05). Use of nanosilver for tending to patients with chronic
rhinosinusitis after surgery can significantly improve clinical symptoms and signs, and reduce adverse reactions and complications.
The Impact of a Colorectal Care Bundle for Surgical Site Infections at an Academic Disproportionate Share Hospital With a Level I Trauma Center
Authors: Hajirawala Luv N. , Legare Timothy B. , Tiu Simon Peter T. , DeKerlegand Amy M. , Barton Jeffrey S. , Davis Kurt G. , Orangio Guy R.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Colorectal care bundles for surgical site infections (CRCB-SSIs) have been shown to reduce SSIs following elective colorectal surgery (CRS). There are limited data evaluating the effect of CRCB-SSI at Academic Disproportionate Share Hospitals (ADSH) with significant rates of urgent and emergent cases.

Methods

A CRCB-SSI was implemented in April 2016. We reviewed medical records of all patients undergoing colon resections between August 2015 and December 2017. Patients were divided into preimplementation and postimplementation groups. The primary endpoint was the SSI rate, and the secondary endpoint included types of SSI (superficial, deep, organ space). Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. A subset analysis was performed in elective cases.

Results

We analyzed a total of 417 patients. Of these, 116 (28%) and 301 (72%) patients were in the preimplementation and postimplementation groups, respectively. The rate of SSI decreased from 30.1% to 15.9% in the postimplementation group ( P = .0012); however, it was not statistically significant after adjusting for baseline differences (relative risk [RR] 0.65; 95% CI 0.41-1.02). The elective subset included 219 patients. The rate of SSI in this cohort decreased from 25% to 10.5% in the postimplementation group ( P = .0012) and remained significant following multivariable analysis (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.19- 0.88). There were no differences in the subtypes of SSI.

Discussion

While the CRCB-SSI was effective in decreasing the postoperative SSI rate for elective cases, its effect on the overall patient population was limited. CRCB-SSIs are not enough to bring SSI rates to accepted rates in high-risk patients such as those seen at ADSH.
Intellectual Precocity: What Have We Learned Since Terman?
Authors: Lubinski David , Benbow Camilla P.
Published: July 2020

Over the past 50 years, eight robust generalizations about intellectual precocity have emerged, been empirically documented, and replicated through longitudinal research. Within the top 1% of general and specific abilities (mathematical, spatial, and verbal) over one third of the range of individual differences are to be found, and they are meaningful. These individual differences in ability level and in pattern of specific abilities, which are uncovered by the use of above-level assessments, structure consequential quantitative and qualitative differences in educational, occupational, and creative outcomes. There is no threshold effect for abilities in predicting future accomplishments; and the concept of multipotentiality evaporates when assessments cover the full range of all three primary abilities. Beyond abilities, educational/occupational interests add value in identifying optimal learning environments for precocious youth and, with the addition of conative variables, for modeling subsequent life span development. While overall professional outcomes of exceptionally precocious youth are as exceptional as their abilities, educational interventions of sufficient dosage enhance the probability of them leading exceptionally impactful careers and making creative contributions. Findings have made evident the psychological diversity within intellectually precocious populations, their meaningfulness, and the environmental diversity required to meet their learning needs. Seeing giftedness and interventions on their behalf categorically has held the field back.
Computational fluid dynamics applied to the ventilation of small-animal laboratory cages
Authors: Katz Ira , Voronetska Kateryna , Libardi Mickaël , Chalopin Matthieu , Privat Patricia , J Esdaile David , Mougin Guillaume , Farjot Géraldine , Milet Aude
Published: July 2020

Several studies based on in vivo or in vitro models have found promising results for the noble gas argon in neuroprotection against ischaemic pathologies. The development of argon as a medicinal product includes the requirement for toxicity testing through non-clinical studies. The long exposure period of animals (rats) during several days results in technical and logistic challenges related to the gas administration. In particular, a minimum of 10 air changes per hour (ACH) to maintain animal welfare results in extremely large volumes of experimental gas required if the gas is not recirculated. The difficulty with handling the many cylinders prompted the development of such a recirculation-based design. To distribute the recirculating gas to individually ventilated cages and monitor them properly was deemed more difficult than constructing a single large enclosure that will hold several open cages. To address these concerns, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the preliminary design was performed. A purpose-made exposure chamber was designed based on the CFD simulations. Comparisons of the simulation results to measurements of gas concentration at two cage positions while filling show that the CFD results compare well to these limited experiments. Thus, we believe that the CFD results are representative of the gas distribution throughout the enclosure. The CFD shows that the design provides better gas distribution (i.e. a higher effective air change rate) than predicted by 10 ACH.
Missional spirituality at home: Families and the life of the kingdom
Authors: Mackenzie Ed
Published: July 2020

Missiological texts typically focus on the church or individuals as the agents of mission (within the missio Dei) and it is rare to find any reference to families or the home. Such an omission, however, overlooks the extent to which families can witness to the transforming grace of God in the midst of the world. In this article, I explore the importance of families for mission, and argue that the New Testament shows that the family is subordinated to the church but also transformed by the kingdom. In the light of the New Testament witness, I explore three scriptural themes of a family spirituality for mission; holiness, hospitality, and service. Given the significance of life within the home, the disciplines of missiology and Christian spirituality need to engage more deeply with the family as a context for Christian formation and outreach.
Pre-treatment prediction of early response to chemoradiotherapy by quantitative analysis of baseline staging FDG-PET/CT and MRI in locally advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Min Lisa A , Ackermans Leanne LGC , Nowee Marlies E , Griethuysen Joost JW van , Roberti Sander , Maas Monique , Vogel Wouter V , Beets-Tan Regina GH , Lambregts Doenja MJ
Published: July 2020

Background

Early prediction of response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) could aid to further optimize treatment regimens for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) in the future.

Purpose

To explore whether quantitative parameters from baseline (pre-therapy) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) have potential as predictors of early response to cCRT.

Material and Methods

Forty-six patients with LACC undergoing cCRT after staging with FDG-PET/CT and MRI were retrospectively analyzed. Primary tumor volumes were delineated on FDG-PET/CT, T2-weighted (T2W)-MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) to extract the following quantitative parameters: T2W volume; T2W signalmean; DWI volume; ADCmean; ADCSD; MTV42%; and SUVmax. Outcome was the early treatment response, defined as the residual tumor volume on MRI 3–4 weeks after start of external beam radiotherapy with chemotherapy (before the start of brachytherapy): patients with a residual tumor volume <10 cm3 were classified as early responders. Imaging parameters were analyzed together with FIGO stage to assess their performance to predict early response, using multivariable logistic regression analysis with bi-directional variable selection. Leave-one-out cross-validation with bootstrapping was used to simulate performance in a new, independent dataset.

Results

T2W volume (OR 0.94, P = 0.003) and SUVmax (OR 1.15, P = 0.18) were identified as independent predictors in multivariable analysis, rendering a model with an AUC of 0.82 in the original dataset, and AUC of 0.68 (95% CI 0.41–0.81) from cross-validation.

Conclusion

Although the predictive performance achieved in this small exploratory dataset was limited, these preliminary data suggest that parameters from baseline MRI and FDG-PET/CT (in particular pre-therapy tumor volume) may contribute to prediction of early response to cCRT in cervical cancer.
The CoreQ: Development and Testing of a Nursing Facility Resident Satisfaction Survey
Authors: Castle Nicholas G. , Gifford David , Schwartz Lindsay B.
Published: July 2020

The development and testing of a nursing facility resident satisfaction survey (i.e., CoreQ) that could be used for public reporting purposes is presented here. This is important as very little satisfaction with care information is publicly available for nursing facility consumers. Validity testing is reported detailing the development of the CoreQ: Short Stay Discharge questionnaire and a measure that was calculated from the items in the questionnaire. This questionnaire resulted in four items whose combined score gives a measure representing participants’ overall satisfaction with the nursing facility. The measure parsimoniously reports this satisfaction as a score (ranging from 0 to 100) and was recently endorsed by the National Quality Forum (NQF). The measure may have significance for report cards and payment metrics, as it incorporates the consumers’ opinion.
The Opioid Epidemic and the Pursuit of Moral Medicine: A Computational-Rhetorical Analysis
Authors: Graham S. Scott
Published: July 2020

This article offers a longitudinal computational-rhetorical analysis of biomedical writing on opioids. Using a corpus of 1,467 articles and essays published in the New England Journal of Medicine and the Journal of the American Medical Association between 1959 and May 2019, this study evaluates diachronic shifts in (a) the framing of opioid pharmacology, (b) the relative attention paid to pain management versus opioid dependence risks, and (c) the distribution of statements related to physicians’ primary ethical obligations. The results of these analyses largely disconfirm different current accounts of shifting physician rhetoric around opioids and pain management leading up to the recognition opioid epidemic. Most notably, the results also suggest that biomedical debates surrounding opioids are serving as proxy arguments for shifting primary bioethical obligations from individual patients to public health.
Patterns of Reflective Solidarity and Migrant Resistance in Copenhagen and Berlin
Authors: Siim Birte , Meret Susi
Published: July 2020

Inspired by Jodi Dean’s understanding of the reflective solidarity of strangers, this contribution explores forms of migrant solidarity and resistance in Copenhagen and Berlin. It investigates how ‘hybrid’ forms of solidarity emerged out of different circumstances in Trampoline House and the Oranienplatz refugee protest camp. The two selected cases are particularly interesting for exploring how models of contentious and non-contentious civil society mobilisation and engagement cope with inequalities, disagreement and differences; how awareness of inequalities affects relations of solidarity between refugees and local activists as well as between groups of refugees. The analysis suggests that despite the substantial differences between the two cases, the groups involved in the research experienced similar challenges in overcoming inequalities and diversity. Arguably, the tensions and disagreements within groups can potentially develop into forms of reflective solidarity, aimed at reshaping the boundaries created by differences of race, class, ethnicity and gender.
Thinking About the Indian Ocean and the Mausam Initiative
Authors: Bhalla Madhu
Published: July 2020

The Mausam Initiative has not met the expectations with which it was announced. As a flagship initiative of the Government of India, its programmatic framework remains unclear and the understanding of the Initiative unifocal. Apart from the effort to transcribe it in the UNESCO’s world heritage list, there is little clarity on how the ancient, mediaeval and premodern histories of the Indian Ocean (IO) may resonate with our times and concerns. There is also little thought put to what this can mean in writing a revisionist history of the Indian Ocean World and what that revisionist writing would mean to India’s relations with its IO neighbours. This article will outline briefly the Mausam Initiative as it stands and what a revisionist history of the IO region could suggest. Many of the discussions around this are already present around the IO intellectual and scholarly circuit, dislocating notions of dominance, sovereignty and statecraft. It remains for policymakers to take note of these to nuance the Mausam Initiative and make it an actually effective arm of policy.
WIEGO: Communicative Daily Life Stories to Assess Social Impact in the Lives of Informal Workers
Authors: Tellado Itxaso , Lepori Benedetto , Morla-Folch Teresa
Published: July 2020

WIEGO (Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing) is a global research-policy network that seeks to improve the status of the working poor, especially women, in the informal economy. The members of this network are individual researchers, individual development practitioners, and organizations of informal workers, which total more than 175 affiliates in 85 countries. Social researchers involved in the network conducted qualitative fieldwork in these communities and monitor the social impact of research. The researchers created spaces for dialogue and collected workers’ impact stories through diverse qualitative tools and in different contexts, especially narratives and focus groups. The aim was to increase the visibility of informal workers, their living and working conditions, and their personal experience with regard to the social impact of urban policies. Through communicative daily life stories to social researchers working at WIEGO, this article analyzes how they are socially impacting the lives of informal workers. Based on this connection, all information related to social impact is interpreted through a communicative approach, connecting the stories of the social researchers and the interpretation of informal workers’ lives to evidence-based actions.
Amended Safety Assessment of Parabens as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Cherian Priya , Zhu Jinqiu , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Heldreth Bart
Published: July 2020

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 21 parabens as preservatives in cosmetic products. All of these ingredients are reported to function in cosmetics as preservatives; however, 5 are reported to also function as fragrance ingredients. The Panel reviewed relevant data relating to the safety of these ingredients under the reported conditions of use in cosmetic formulations. The Panel concluded that 20 of the 21 parabens included in this report are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when the sum of the total parabens in any given formulation does not exceed 0.8%. However, the available data are insufficient to support a conclusion of safety for benzylparaben in cosmetics.
Patient satisfaction with the ocular surface individualized medical program
Authors: Hao Ran , Chou Yilin , Wan Yu , Jiang Xiaodan , Li Xuemin
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

To improve the medical management system and the quality of medical treatment, this study aimed to assess patient satisfaction related to an ocular surface individualized medical program for dry eye, and identified patient needs that should be addressed in future.

Methods:

We enrolled 166 patients from the dry eye clinic at the Peking University Third Hospital from December 2017 to May 2019. An investigator followed up with all patients by telephone 2 months after the first assessment of overall patient satisfaction, expectations, and experiences. We determined patient satisfaction using a questionnaire and analyzed the results. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to assess the predictors of overall patient satisfaction.

Results:

The overall patient satisfaction with the ocular surface individualized medical program skewed toward a positive assessment. Ten variables were signiﬁcantly associated with overall patient satisfaction: two involving fulﬁlment of expectations, seven involving patient-reported experiences, and one involving socio-demographics. The most important predictor of overall patient satisfaction was patient-reported experiences with the treatment outcome (β = 0.281, p < 0.001), followed by experiences with medical staff services (β = 0.240, p = 0.002), examination services (β = 0.198, p = 0.002), and interpretation and professionalism (β = 0.168, p = 0.04), expectations fulﬁlment (β = 0.147, p = 0.025), as well as age (β = −0.13, p = 0.014). Free response-style negative patient feedback suggested that examination wait time and environment needed improvement.

Conclusion:

Overall, the ocular surface individualized medical program is effective and is able to achieve satisfaction for most patients. The examination procedures and environment require improvements, and treatment must be made more patient-centric to improve satisfaction.
Economic impact and cost savings of teledermatology units compared to conventional monitoring at hospitals in southern Spain
Authors: Lopez-Villegas Antonio , Bautista-Mesa Rafael Jesus , Baena-Lopez Miguel Angel , Alvarez-Moreno Maria Luisa , Montoro-Robles Jesus E , Vega-Ramirez Francisco Antonio , Ordoñez-Naranjo Isabel , Hernandez-Montoya Carlos Javier , Leal-Costa Cesar , Peiro Salvador
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Asynchronous teledermatology (TD) has undergone exponential growth in the past decade, allowing better diagnosis. Moreover, it saves both cost and time and reduces the number of visits involving travel and opportunity cost of time spent on visits to the hospital. The present study performed a cost-saving analysis of TD units and assessed whether they offered a cheaper alternative to conventional monitoring (CM) in hospitals from the perspective of public health-care systems (PHS) and patients.

Methods

This study was a retrospective assessment of 7030 patients. A cost-saving analysis comparing TD units to CM for patients at the Hospital de Poniente was performed over a period of one year. The TD network covered the Hospital de Poniente reference area (Spain) linked to 37 primary care (PC) centres that belonged to the Poniente Health District of Almeria.

Results

We observed a significant cost saving for TD units compared to participants in the conventional follow-up group. From the perspective of a PHS, there was a cost saving of 31.68% in the TD group (€18.59 TD vs. €27.20 CM) during the follow-up period. The number of CM visits to the hospital reduced by 38.14%. From the patients’ perspective, the costs were lower, and the cost saving was 73.53% (€5.45 TD vs. €20.58 CM).

Discussion

The cost-saving analysis showed that the TD units appeared to be significantly cheaper compared to CM.
Ageing/body/sex/work – Migrant women’s narratives of intimacy and ageing in commercial sex and elder care work
Authors: Näre Lena , Diatlova Anastasia
Published: July 2020

This article analyses how sex and elder-care workers negotiate intimacy and ageing in their work. We find surprising similarities between sex and care work that derive from the ways in which Eastern European migrant women are sexualised in the sites of our studies: Italy and Finland. The bodywork and intimate labour conducted by the women is defined in part by the social status of their work in society, in part by the ageing bodies upon whom the work is done, and in part by the ways in which the bodies of the workers are gendered, sexualised and racialised. The article draws on interview and participant observation data collected during two ethnographic research projects with female migrants from post-socialist countries working as eldercare workers in Italy and in sex workers in Finland.
Investigation on performance of a centrifugal pump with multi-malfunction
Authors: Tan Minggao , Lu Youdong , Wu Xianfang , Liu Houlin , Tian Xiao
Published: July 2020

Herein, the performance and inner flow characteristics of a single-stage single-suction centrifugal pump with multi-malfunctions (broken blade and seal ring abrasion) were determined through tests and numerical simulation. The vibration, inner flow, pressure, and radial force of the centrifugal pump were analyzed in detail. Compared with those of a normal pump, the head and efficiency of the pump with multi-malfunctions decreased by 10.56 and 10.09%, respectively, under the design flow rate. The general vibration level most significantly increased at the foot of the pump. The axial passing frequency of each measuring point increased in varying degrees, and new characteristic frequencies appeared at 5, 2, and 3 axial passing frequencies. The simulation results showed that in the pump with multi-functions, the pressure gradient near the broken blade was distinctly reduced, and the periodicity of the impeller radial force became weaker and more concentrated, thus exhibiting different performance than the normal pump. The peak-to-peak value of the pressure pulsation near the tongue increased by 8.5%, whereas that at the pump outlet decreased by 6.8%. Moreover, a vortex appeared at the inlet and another at the middle of the impeller, and the low-pressure zone near the impeller inlet expanded to the middle of the impeller. The results of this work can be used as reference for pump fault diagnosis.
Paternal imprisonment and adolescent boys’ charge rates
Authors: Olsen Rikke Fuglsang
Published: July 2020

This study uses Danish registry data on the 1993–6 birth cohorts to examine whether paternal imprisonment affects adolescents’ charge rates over and above their fathers’ criminality and socioeconomic background factors. The results lend support to an interpretation regarding boys, where paternal imprisonment experienced in adolescence (age 16–18) increases adolescent boys’ charge rates if the paternal imprisonment sentence has a duration of more than 30 days. Shorter paternal imprisonment spells did not have an impact on adolescent boys’ charge rates. Moreover, and surprisingly, the results also suggested that the charge rates of adolescents who cohabitated with their father prior to imprisonment (a proxy for the closeness of the father–adolescent relationship) were not significantly affected, whereas those adolescents who did not cohabit with their fathers prior to imprisonment were. Sensitivity analyses of the estimates, however, warrant caution in the interpretation of the findings.
Child Maltreatment, Youth Violence, Intimate Partner Violence, and Elder Mistreatment: A Review and Theoretical Analysis of Research on Violence Across the Life Course
Authors: Herrenkohl Todd I. , Fedina Lisa , Roberto Karen A. , Raquet Kira L. , Hu Rita X. , Rousson Ashley N. , Mason W. Alex
Published: July 2020

This article reports the results of a scoping review of the literature on life-course patterns of violence that span the developmental periods of childhood, adolescence, and early and middle adulthood. We also assess the evidence on elder mistreatment and its relation to earlier forms of violence. Additionally, we draw on theories and empirical studies to help explain the transmission of violence over time and relational contexts and the factors that appear to mitigate risks and promote resilience in individuals exposed to violence. Results suggest that encounters with violence beginning in childhood elevate the risk for violence in subsequent developmental periods. The strongest connections are between child maltreatment (physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect) and violence in adolescence and between violence in adolescence and violence in early and middle adulthood. Persistence of violence into older adulthood leading to elder mistreatment is less well-documented, but probable, based on available research. We conclude that more attention should be paid to studying developmental patterns and intersecting forms of violence that extend into old age. To eradicate violence in all its forms, considerably more must be done to increase awareness of the repetition of violence; to connect research to actionable steps for prevention and intervention across the life course; and to better integrate systems that serve vulnerable children, youth, and adults. Primary prevention is essential to breaking the cycle of violence within families and to alleviating the risks to children caused by poverty and other external factors such as social disconnection within communities.
Submental Island Flap Combined With Reconstruction Titanium Plate: A New Way to Treat Mandibular Osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Li Jin , Nie Lu , Wang Lei , Xu Xiangyang , Liu Shiwei , Lu Zhiwen , Chen Jufeng
Published: July 2020

Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of reconstruction for bone defects in patients with mandibular osteoradionecrosis using submental flap combined with reconstructive titanium plate. Methods. A total of 23 patients with mandibular osteoradionecrosis were included. All patients underwent surgical resection and immediate reconstruction with submental flap combined with reconstructive titanium plate. The postoperative effects and flap success rate were evaluated with a 6- to 18-month follow-up. Results. Twenty-two flaps were successful; 1 flap suffered from partial necrosis in the distal end, but the patient was treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy and iodoform gauze dressing, and no plate exposure was found after operation in the follow-up period. Conclusion. The use of submental flap combined with reconstructive titanium plate for treating the patients with osteoradionecrosis is a feasible, cost-effective, simple, and safe procedure.
Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, and Bevacizumab in Advanced Cervical Cancer: A Treatment Response and Safety Analysis
Authors: Tao Wanjun , Yang Jia , Jiang Yongxian , Chen Wenwen , Wang Yixin
Published: July 2020

Background:

Trials reported there are beneficial effects of the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy in advanced cervical cancer but might have adverse effects. The purposes of the study were to evaluate the treatment response and safety of the addition of bevacizumab to paclitaxel plus carboplatin in advanced cervical cancer women.

Methods:

Data on treatment response, adverse effects, and overall survival of women who received paclitaxel plus carboplatin every 3 weeks (ACT cohort, n = 161) or paclitaxel, carboplatin, and bevacizumab every 3 weeks (PCB cohort, n = 127) until disease progression or severe adverse events were collected and analyzed.

Results:

The treatment response of paclitaxel plus carboplatin increased on addition of bevacizumab ( P = .037). Neutropenia (grade ≥3, P = .001), leukopenia (grade 4, P = .041), anemia (grade ≥3, P = .031), hypertension (grade ≥2, P = .002), and gastrointestinal fistula (grade ≥2, P = 0.006) are reported in the PCB cohort. Women of ACT and PCB cohorts reported an overall survival of 20.11 ± 3.15 months and 24.52 ± 4.05 months, respectively.

Conclusions:

Addition of bevacizumab increases the treatment response of paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy and overall survival of women with advanced cervical cancers, but it is not well tolerated.
‘Dr. Google, I have a stomach ache’ – seasonal variations in abdominal pain: a 4-year retrospective data analysis from Google Ads keywords planner
Authors: Kamiński Mikołaj , Łoniewski Igor , Marlicz Wojciech
Published: July 2020

Background:

Internet traffic may reflect the prevalence of real-world ailments. The aim of this study was to analyse queries associated with abdominal pain and to investigate seasonal frequency and trends of searches in Poland.

Methods:

We analysed mean search volume from March 2015 to February 2019 of keywords associated with ‘abdominal pain’ in the Polish language generated from the Google Ads Planner. Keywords were categorised by location, feature or type of pain, concurrent symptoms, frequency and patient groups, etc. We compared differences in search volumes across seasons and years.

Results:

Overall, 24,673,430 queries were associated with abdominal pain in the period analysed. The number of searches associated with abdominal pain in winter increased by ~30% compared with queries searched in summer. There were significantly more searches related to abdominal pain located in the epigastric, umbilical, hypogastrium, left lumbar, left iliac and right iliac regions combined with vomiting or fever, and acute or burning sensation in cold months. We did not observe any specific patterns of pain in the right lumbar or left hypochondrium region, co-presence of flatulence, acute, cramping or persistent/chronic or strong abdominal pain.

Conclusion:

Internet queries associated with abdominal pain and related factors have increased in the past 4 years and present a seasonal pattern. Google Ads may be a valuable tool to assess the prevalence of complaints in under-researched regions. The observed trends in queries related to abdominal pain merely reflect the scale of the problem. The reported pattern should be verified in epidemiological studies.
Revolutionary Perspectives for Leadership Preparation: A Case of a Networked Improvement Community
Authors: Thornton Margaret E. , Barakat Maysaa , Grooms Ain A. , Locke Leslie Ann , Reyes-Guerra Daniel
Published: July 2020

This qualitative study describes and interprets how two educational leadership programs, participants in the UCEA (University Council for Educational Administration) Program Design Network Improvement Community, identified and responded to a problem of practice by focusing on the needs of each program regarding the recruitment, selection, admission, and retention of candidates from underrepresented groups. Through collaborative learning and research, the programs were able to guide the change processes of their institutional structures to focus on attracting more diverse applicant pools that are more focused on issues of diversity in the schools they will serve.
Electronic cigarettes and health with special focus on cardiovascular effects: position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)
Authors: Kavousi Maryam , Pisinger Charlotta , Barthelemy Jean-Claude , De Smedt Delphine , Koskinas Konstantinos , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Panagiotakos Demosthenes , Prescott Eva Bossano , Tiberi Monica , Vassiliou Vassilios S , Løchen Maja-Lisa
Published: July 2020

Background

Tobacco use is the single largest preventable risk factor for premature death of non-communicable diseases and the second leading cause of cardiovascular disease. In response to the harmful effects of tobacco smoking, the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has emerged and gained significant popularity over the past 15 years. E-cigarettes are promoted as safe alternatives for traditional tobacco smoking and are often suggested as a way to reduce or quit smoking. However, evidence suggests they are not harmless.

Discussion

The rapid evolution of the e-cigarette market has outpaced the legislator’s regulatory capacity, leading to mixed regulations. The increasing use of e-cigarettes in adolescents and young individuals is of concern. While the long-term direct cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes remain largely unknown, the existing evidence suggests that the e-cigarette should not be regarded as a cardiovascular safe product. The contribution of e-cigarette use to reducing conventional cigarette use and smoking cessation is complex, and the impact of e-cigarette use on long-term cessation lacks sufficient evidence.

Conclusion

This position paper describes the evidence regarding the prevalence of e-cigarette smoking, uptake of e-cigarettes in the young, related legislations, cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes and the impact of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation. Knowledge gaps in the field are also highlighted. The recommendations from the population science and public health section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology are presented.
‘Just checking’: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism subtypes as predictors of phubbing
Authors: Grieve Rachel , March Evita
Published: July 2020

“Phubbing” (phone snubbing) refers to a set of behaviors where phone users focus on their mobile phone instead of interacting with their physically proximal companions. Building on existing understanding of problematic phone use, this study examined narcissism subtypes as predictors of phubbing behavior. Participants ( n = 250 smartphone users) completed an anonymous online study where they reported their phubbing behaviors and completed measures of vulnerable narcissism, grandiose narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. Analysis was via multiple regression, with vulnerable and grandiose narcissism as predictors; psychopathy and Machiavellianism were also included to account for shared variance with grandiose narcissism. As hypothesized, vulnerable narcissism emerged as a significant predictor in the model, such that higher levels of vulnerable narcissism were associated with more phubbing. In light of previously established negative social outcomes associated with phubbing behaviors, we conclude that although phubbing might help those high in vulnerable narcissism to manage their need for admiration and their contingent self-worth, phubbing may be particularly problematic for these individuals.
Contesting algorithms: Restoring the public interest in content filtering by artificial intelligence
Authors: Elkin-Koren Niva
Published: July 2020

In recent years, artificial intelligence has been deployed by online platforms to prevent the upload of allegedly illegal content or to remove unwarranted expressions. These systems are trained to spot objectionable content and to remove it, block it, or filter it out before it is even uploaded. Artificial intelligence filters offer a robust approach to content moderation which is shaping the public sphere. This dramatic shift in norm setting and law enforcement is potentially game-changing for democracy. Artificial intelligence filters carry censorial power, which could bypass traditional checks and balances secured by law. Their opaque and dynamic nature creates barriers to oversight, and conceals critical value choices and tradeoffs. Currently, we lack adequate tools to hold them accountable. This paper seeks to address this gap by introducing an adversarial procedure— – Contesting Algorithms. It proposes to deliberately introduce friction into the dominant removal systems governed by artificial intelligence. Algorithmic content moderation often seeks to optimize a single goal, such as removing copyright-infringing materials or blocking hate speech, while other values in the public interest, such as fair use or free speech, are often neglected. Contesting algorithms introduce an adversarial design which reflects conflicting values, and thereby may offer a check on dominant removal systems. Facilitating an adversarial intervention may promote democratic principles by keeping society in the loop. An adversarial public artificial intelligence system could enhance dynamic transparency, facilitate an alternative public articulation of social values using machine learning systems, and restore societal power to deliberate and determine social tradeoffs.
Lived Experiences of Emerging Adult Women With Single Mothers: Exploring Responses to Perceived Maternal Depression
Authors: Brawer-Sherb Molly , Keitel Merle , Cunningham Sara , Ponterotto Joseph G. , Lilliquist Bethany
Published: July 2020

Families headed by single mothers are increasingly prevalent in the United States. These mothers face unique challenges that increase their risk of depression. Research shows children of depressed mothers are at risk of developing psychological difficulties. Little attention has been paid to emerging adult female offspring of depressed mothers. This study explored the experience of emerging adult women from single-parent families who perceive their mothers to be depressed. Fifteen women (aged 18–25) who grew up with a single mother as the primary parental figure were interviewed. Interviews were transcribed and data were analyzed using Moustakas’s phenomenological approach. Nine major themes emerged from the data and are divided into three distinct categories: (1) impact in childhood and adolescence, (2) impact in emerging adulthood, and (3) current coping mechanisms in emerging adulthood. Clinical implications, limitations, and areas for future research are explored including ways to improve treatment with this population.