bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“In Search of Something Else”: Tiffany Tamaribuchi, Taiko Drumming, and Queer Spectatorship
Authors: Ahlgren Angela K.
Published: January 2013

This paper argues for the possibility of queer spectatorship in renowned taiko player Tiffany Tamaribuchi's performances. Taiko is an athletic and spectacular form of ensemble drumming with roots in Japanese culture. An award-winning taiko player who has trained and performed in the United States and Japan, Tiffany Tamaribuchi also founded the Sacramento Taiko Dan and Jodaiko, an all-women's taiko group comprised of members from throughout North America. Despite working within a conservative performance framework and within a form that is often framed as “multicultural” performance, Tamaribuchi's performances with the all-women's group Jodaiko can be seen as queer. Using performance analysis and a close reading of Tamaribuchi's performance of a solo called “Odaiko” in a 2006 concert, I argue that Tamaribuchi's taiko performances invite queer spectatorship both through Tamaribuchi's queer gender performance and the affective, kinesthetic relationship taiko drumming can produce between the audience and spectator.
Vai Sambar! American Meaning Making in Afro-Brazilian Dance
Authors: Damon Jessica
Published: January 2013

This paper describes the interaction between an American community of dancers and the wave of Afro-Brazilian influence that entered that community. Through personal experience, academic research, community observation, and conversations, the author examines the role of samba and the religious dances of the orixds within a suburban white community, highlighting how meaning is changed and constructed based on cultural context. The author emphasizes how women in this community responded to the political, social, and sexual implications of a non-native dance form, and how their resulting self-identification as a community was transformed. The essay questions how Americans can locate themselves within the greater cultural context of samba and other Afro-Brazilian dance forms, not simply as cultural outsiders but as women deeply connected to the unique American reality of these practices.
Methods to Create a New Paradigm fora Feminine Equality
Authors: Danitz Marilynn
Published: January 2013

Can women in a male-dominated society gain equal footing? Society is based on a belief system. To alter those beliefs or to release them completely requires the ability to perceive beyond commonly held assumptions and provide a foundation that ensures society's basic needs. HIStory runs rife with wars, new countries, conglomerates continuously arising. Exercising feminine traits of nurturing and empathy, women can cross cultural boundaries with abilities to connect, building a new system on a large scale. And they can do it through their art. Women have been raised to support power, not to exercise it. Now they must be taught to assume power and exert it with care. Once she has been taught to handle power and think outside of the box, the female dance artist can begin to use her art to promote and market a new paradigm. She becomes a leader that can connect with large audiences to influence a different mindset.
Sahdiji, an African Ballet (1931): Queer Connections and the “Myth of the Solitary Genius”
Authors: Geduld Victoria Phillips
Published: January 2013

In May 1931 the balletSahdjipremiered at the Eastman Theatre in Rochester, New York: with a libretto by Harlem Renaissance's Alain Locke and Richard Bruce Nugent, music by composer William Grant Still, the ballet by Thelma Biracree, and dedicated to the Eastman School's Howard Hanson, the work was set in Africa and performed by dancers in blackface. In 1934 the work was performed with an all-black cast in Chicago and revived in Rochester through 1950.Sahdjidemonstrates that the participants shared two tenets: the desire to create high art, and the belief in African forms to achieve artistic aims. Locke and Nugent had a small shared world that included Lincoln Kirstein. Locke wrote aboutThe Rite of Spring, andSahdjibecame Locke's African answer toSpring. Sahdjibegs for a reinvigoration of dance history that credits philosophical underpinnings of the American ballet to the Harlem Renaissance and its queer connections.
The Cultural Body and the Politics of Difference: How Korean Dance Is Commodified in the Politics of Tourism
Authors: Jae Hwan Jung
Published: January 2013

In tourism, dance is popularly used as a medium that attracts outsiders'attention and curiosity because dance effectively advertises the characteristics of a culture. One of the most prevalent images in Korean tourist broachers and films is a female dancer in a colorful costume, welcoming foreigner tourists with big smile. In this paper, through the examination of the stereotypes and gender differences in dance depicted in Korean tourism commercials, I focus on how Korean dance has been commodified in the politics of tourism. I also explore how tourism constitutes a “fantasy” of a culture in correspondence with Korea's globalization and localization process.
Reflections on Maya Deren's Forgotten Film
Authors: Jeong Ok Hee
Published: January 2013

American avant-garde filmmaker Maya Deren is highly acclaimed as one of the pioneers of film dance, but her final film The Very Eye of Night (1952–55, released 1959) is largely neglected in the dance field. In that silenced, marginalized cases shed light on the discursive contour of the field, I examine not only Deren's intention of the film but also assumptions and rationales upon which scholars and critics ignored the film. I argue that the medium-specific and modernist concept of dance film, which Deren herself initially introduced into the field, contributes to the film's ignorance in dance scholarship. Also, the use of ballet is another impeding factor as its anti-gravitational quality and classical implication do not befit textual and sociocultural expectations of dance scholars for Deren's film.
Embodying Classical Jazz Dance Technique: Gus Giordano's Dynamic Rewriting of the Female Dancer's Body
Authors: Sabo Linda
Published: January 2013

Jazz dance has come to be recognized as a serious and significant art form. Eventually, a path was forged by a few jazz dance pioneers who developed and codified their movement methodology and inscribed their styles on other dancers through training programs and choreography. Presently, Gus Giordano is one of four twentieth-century dance artists who are considered pioneer figures in systemizing jazz dance. This kinesthetic and detailed “reading” of elements of his technique will reveal how Giordano's fashioning of diverse cultural components has had an empowering effect upon the female dancer and enables us to make certain assumptions about how Giordano's technique affects her perception of herself and of her place in the world.
Reshaping Dance through Time: A Critical View of Historical Periodisation in Relation to Pedagogy and Research
Authors: Carter Alexandra
Published: January 2013

Western history is organised into more or less distinct “periods” that give shape to our conception of the past. I offer an alternative way of conceptualising dance history that retains the long view but disturbs conventional periodisation. This is based on Penelope Corfield's premise that time can be organised not only by distinguishing radical disjunctures but also by “continuity” and “micro” change. If these concepts are applied to dance, many of the difficulties of time frame, hierarchy, and value might be eroded. Furthermore, they expand the opportunities for pedagogy and research to address works or people who have been elided by traditional periodisation.
A Contemporary Approach to Ballet Training for University Dance Majors
Authors: Johnson Lorin
Published: January 2013

This paper seeks to help bridge the gap between the study of ballet technique and modern dance for today's university dance major. With the growing importance of strong ballet training in contemporary dance choreography, dance majors are often presented with a duality of training—modern vs. ballet—that can be difficult for them to marry, both in their minds and bodies. Traditional methods and concepts of ballet training are explored in this context with the goal of presenting a means of teaching ballet that allows for a full integration of ballet with other contemporary dance techniques.
Pedagogy in Ballet Studies at the Undergraduate Level in the United Kingdom
Authors: Price Heulwen
Published: January 2013

This paper explores the intricacies of ballet pedagogy delivered at U.K. higher education (HE) institutions; the enquiry identifies and explores the tensions between vocational training to a professional level and achieving the educational requirements of HE. This paper queries the potential incompatibility of education and traditional training, suggesting that for dancers to meet the requirements of today's dance industry, students need skills to “deal with reality” rather than “getting it right.” A social interactionist perspective positions the role of the teacher as a facilitator; ballet pedagogy is constructed upon a holistic perspective unifying the mind and body, enabling students to participate rather than be directed in their learning.
Assessment and Feedback: Aligning Dance Practice with Pedagogic Research
Authors: Hay Marie
Published: January 2013

This paper reports on three years of research conducted through the Centre for Excellence in Performance Arts at De Montfort University. The intention of the paper is to align the assessment of dance practice with pedagogic concerns. The development of an innovative approach to assessment and feedback is discussed with respect of the nature of dance practice, constructive alignment, and validity and reliability. Whilst this research derives from practice-based research, it is also informed by published material on pedagogy and hermeneutics.
Contemporary Dance at University: A Vessel for Creative Engagement with Learning
Authors: Anderson Carol
Published: January 2013

Guiding dancers toward embodied experience, full engagement with their own physicality, awareness, and intention have been constant aims of my teaching over the course of forty years. Do students in the university program where I now teach “get it”? With a current technique class, I have investigated—through journaling and discussion—students' expectations around the “power structure” of dance class, how they perceive their sense of responsibility to their own training, and whether and how they evolve in making passionate choices and engaging deeply with dancing (albeit somewhat subversively) within the academic setting.
Teaching and Learning Strategies for Real-Time Video Projection in Dance Performance
Authors: Sicchio Kate
Published: January 2013

This project report explores new media software teaching practices within undergraduate dance programmes, specifically focusing on the Palatine Development Project Real-Time Video to Enhance Student Feedback in Dance Performance (2006–2008) and the experiences of teaching in the Digital Performance Module at University Centre Doncaster, United Kingdom. It discusses both teaching and learning experiences within the project and ways to engage dance students with real-time video within their own choreographic work.
A Comparative Study about Dance within Tertiary Education in England and in Greece
Authors: Tsompanaki Eleni
Published: January 2013

Acknowledging the value of dance within education and as an art, this study examines teaching and learning experiences and their effect in the status and ethos of dance. The main focus of this study was to examine dance education and training in tertiary education (further and higher) in England and in Greece. The aim was to find similarities and differences in teachers' approaches in order to improve understanding of what affects students' learning experiences and future choices. Methodology is based on a comparative study, predominately qualitative, that focuses on individuals' experiences. The methods used were documentations, interviews, observations, and questionnaires from people who experience and teach dance within further education dance institutions. This study is part of a Ph.D. thesis.
Challenges and Opportunities for Dance Pedagogy: Critical Social Issues and “Unlearning” How to Teach
Authors: Risner Doug
Published: January 2013

Given our panel's focus, I will introduce myself by way of my undergraduate dance pedagogy course and highlight what I will be addressing in my remarks this morning. The young women in my dance pedagogy course bring considerable experience in modern, ballet, and jazz technique and are equally skilled as young performers. These students likely represent a good cross section of students in their third year of undergraduate dance programs in the United States. We begin this pedagogy course by looking at the students'experience of teaching in their own training and dance education.
The Role of Technique in Dance Education: The Example of Tsoying High School, Taiwan
Authors: Gerdes Ellen
Published: January 2013

Through questionnaire data, the dance students at Tsoying High School in Taiwan offer an important perspective on dance technique. Engaging with Melanie Bales's concept of the “eclectic” body in American contemporary dance practices, I explore both the historical underpinnings and the students' experience of a Taiwanese curriculum that focuses on ballet, modern dance, and Beijing opera movement. Our conceptions of dance technique and their related pedagogies not only affect the dancer but also affect the integration of dance technique with the rest of the dance field and, subsequently, the role of dance in the greater culture.
Dance of the Past in the Present: Teaching a Metahistory
Authors: Järvinen Hanna
Published: January 2013

How can we make the history of dance meaningful for the practitioners of the future that we teach? In this presentation, I argue that we need a genealogical and metahistorical perspective to teaching history. Our students need to understand history not as something to be known but as something written and created and therefore constantly changing. It is possible to teach a canon critically, to make past dances and our need of these past dances relevant for today's practice.
Teaching Dancers to Think Historically: Multidisciplinarity in Dance History Pedagogy
Authors: Randall Tresa
Published: January 2013

The turn toward methodology and practice in higher education provides new incentive to reshape our pedagogical approaches. This presentation will advocate for teaching historical methods—specifically archival research and primary source analysis—in undergraduate dance history courses. While I argue that this approach has distinct pedagogical benefits, it also makes evident the disparity between asking students to think like dancers and asking them to think like historians and highlights the multidisciplinary nature of dance history.
Aesthetic Education and Reform: The German Approach to Dance Education
Authors: Mathis-Masury E. Hollister
Published: January 2013

Dance education in Germany is traditionally based upon the concept of “aesthetic education.” This presentation delineates Rousseau's original terminology, contrasting it with the German interpretation, which reduces the originally reflexive idea to a simple antithesis of rationalism. This dualistic development is key to understanding the systematic exclusion of dance from formal education: at the moment in which dance is relegated to be the “other” of rationalism, it is guaranteed a position outside of rationally based educational concepts. The study of other art forms is included therein; why not dancei Is dance Germany's last bastion of irrationality?
A Brazilian Hoe: Education in and through Dance—Unlocking Children's Potential for Dance Appreciation
Authors: Vieira Alba Pedreira
Published: January 2013

This paper discusses an action research project conducted for three semesters at two Brazilian cities: Vicosa and Paula Candido. It describes meanings, elements, and processes of education in dance appreciation experienced by K-12 public school students. The pedagogical method assured participants' attendance of ninety-minute dance classes once a week. The research method included qualitative analysis of more than two hundred written and oral answers from children and adolescents to questionnaires about dance appreciation, of their videotaped classes and performances, and of systematic on-site observations. The paper concludes with reflections on the future of dance appreciation in education.
Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans
Authors: Woodward Kevin , Woodward Kevin
Published: January 2013

Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans is the first definitive guide to discuss the adverse effects of veterinary medicinal products in humans. The chapters focus on occupational safety and consumer issues and examine the circumstances under which exposure is likely to occur. To be in context, it reviews this against the background of adverse health effects from other sources in the veterinary and farming professions. The book examines adverse drug effects reported to regulatory agencies (mainly the FDAÆs Center for Veterinary Medicine) and then considers a series of individual drugs, including antibiotics, anaesthetics and organophosphorus compounds. The chapters also discuss the fundamental aspects of regulatory issues relating to safety assessment, and examine the manner in which user safety is assessed prior to authorisation/approval and what measures can be taken after authorisation/approval in the light of findings from pharmacovigilance activities. There is growing concern over the issue of antimicrobial resistance and the contribution made by veterinary medicinal products. This too is addressed along with the significance to human health and measures that can be taken to mitigate the effects (if any) of the use of antibiotics in animals e.g. prudent use measures. The book will be an essential resource for medical practitioners in hospitals and general practice, pharmaceutical industry scientists, analysts, regulators and risk managers.
Occupational Health and Safety Among Veterinarians and Veterinary Workers
Authors: Woodward K. N.
Published: January 2013

Veterinarians, veterinary nurses and allied personnel may be potentially exposed to veterinary medicinal products during the course of their work. However, such exposures, should they occur, need to be considered in context as veterinary professionals face numerous other hazards and associated risks. Of these, the major examples are physical injuries which may be animal-associated such as biting, crushing or goring, or they be of other origins and include slipping, falling and injuries associated with lifting. The most common injuries are needlestick injuries associated with the administration of injectable products. Except for pain at the injection site due to physical injury, the majority of these accidents are asymptomatic but adverse effects may ensue if the initial injury is followed by drug administration. Other hazards include zoonotic diseases, dermatoses and allergies. Some cancer types appear to have increased incidences in veterinarians. An increased incidence of melanoma may be due to skin exposure as a result of working outdoors and exposure to sunlight. However, increases in the incidences of other tumour types are more difficult to explain. It is unlikely that the use of X-ray equipment, particularly of more modern devices, contributes to this excess incidence. Veterinarians appear to suffer from a higher degree of mental illness when compared with the general population. The reasons for this are unknown but they may include the effects of working in an isolated environment, stress and work overload. Any adverse effects relating to occupational exposure to veterinary medicinal products must be seen in the wider context of occupational issues relating to work in the veterinary sector. However, this does not mean that hazards and risks should be overlooked but that appropriate mitigation measures should be considered and if necessary, acted upon.
Veterinary Products Containing Pesticide Active Ingredients
Authors: Woodward K. N.
Published: January 2013

Companion animals and farm animals are subject to a variety of external and internal parasitic diseases and many of the active ingredients used in veterinary medicinal products intended to treat these conditions are also used in the formulation of pesticides. These include, but are not limited to, the synthetic pyrethroids, the organophosphorus compounds and the avermectins. Many of these substances possess significant mammalian toxicity and thus they may pose toxicological hazards, with associated risks, for human safety either through direct contact or by way of residues in food of animal origin. The toxicological properties of the most common substances encountered in the treatment of companion and farm animal parasitic diseases are reviewed in this chapter.
Antineoplastic Drugs
Authors: Woodward K. N.
Published: January 2013

Veterinary oncology is a rapidly developing field and a number of drugs and drug combinations are used to treat animals, mainly cats and dogs, with various cancers. Many of the antineoplastic drugs have significant toxicity, while some are genotoxic and carcinogenic. Veterinarians and veterinary professionals are potentially occupationally exposed either directly, or through exposure to body fluids and excreta of treated animals. Concerns have been expressed over exposure to these drugs when used in human medicine but methodologies have been developed for their safe use so that exposure is minimised and the risks mitigated. There is growing realisation that similar measures need to be adopted to ensure their safe use in veterinary medicine.
Antimicrobial Drugs
Authors: Woodward K. N.
Published: January 2013

A wide range of antimicrobial drugs, covering a number of therapeutic classes, is used in the treatment of animal diseases. The majority of these drugs have low toxicity but some may induce idiosyncratic reactions in humans, and some of these are potentially fatal. Occupational exposure to some of these during veterinary use has resulted in respiratory effects and skin reactions. The drug tilmicosin has led to fatalities after accidental self-injection. However, the major concern arises from residues of antimicrobial drugs in food derived from treated animals. To assuage fears over adverse events arising from residues, many of these drugs have been evaluated for their safety to consumers and in the European Union, maximum residue limits have been established for many of these agents. However, some drugs are considered too toxic to permit the establishment of maximum residue limits, including chloramphenicol and the nitrofurans. The major aspects of the toxicity of the antimicrobial drugs are reviewed in this chapter and the implications for occupational safety and consumer exposure are discussed.
Human Safety of Coccidiostats: A European Perspective
Authors: Renshaw Derek W.
Published: January 2013

In the European Union, coccidiostats and related compounds such as histomonostats which are given to animals in feed are regulated as feed additives rather than as veterinary medicinal products. Nevertheless, they are evaluated for safety in a similar manner to veterinary medicines and are subject to evaluation for consumer and user safety. The major groups used for these purposes comprise the ionophoric polyether compounds typified by lasalocid, monensin and maduramycin, and the non-ionophoric compounds such as amprolium, decoquinate and diclazuril. The toxicity of the compounds is reviewed in this chapter, along with the implications for consumer and user safety.
Antiparasitic Drugs
Authors: Woodward K. N.
Published: January 2013

The major drugs or groups of drugs used in the treatment of parasitic disease in animals include the benzimidazoles, levamisole, the salicylanilides, the tetrahydropyrimidines, the pyrazinoisoquinolones and piperazine. The benzimidazoles have a low order of toxicity although some are foetotoxic at high doses. Levamisole is haematotoxic in animals including humans whereas the salicylanilides are of low toxicity although closantel has caused blindness in treated animals and in one instance, in humans. The tetrahydropyrimidines and pyrazinoisoquinolones are also notable for low toxicity whereas piperazine is weakly neurotoxic. The nitroimidazoles show genotoxic effects although the results in tests for these effects frequently give equivocal results. However, because of these effects, the nitroimidazoles have been prohibited for use in food animals in may territories including the European Union. Other antiparasitic drugs have been evaluated for use in food animals and in most cases, maximum residue limits have been established although a few compounds are used only in companion animal medicine.
Effects of internal and external carboxylic acids on the reaction pathway of organocatalytic 1,4-addition reactions between aldehydes and nitroolefins
Authors: Duschmalé Jörg , Wahl Johannes , Wiesner Markus , Wennemers Helma
Published: January 2013

The rate determining steps of organocatalytic conjugate addition reactions between aldehydes and nitroolefins depend on the presence or absence of a suitably positioned carboxylic acid moiety within the catalyst.
Extracellular calcium influx activates adenylate cyclase 1 and potentiates insulin secretion in MIN6 cells
Authors: Kitaguchi Tetsuya , Oya Manami , Wada Yoshiko , Tsuboi Takashi , Miyawaki Atsushi
Published: January 2013

Intracellular cAMP and Ca2+ are important second messengers that regulate insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells; however, the molecular mechanism underlying their mutual interaction for exocytosis is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the interplay between intracellular cAMP and Ca2+ concentrations ([cAMP]i and [Ca2+]i respectively) in the pancreatic β-cell line MIN6 using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. For measuring [cAMP]i, we developed a genetically encoded yellow fluorescent biosensor for cAMP [Flamindo (fluorescent cAMP indicator)], which changes fluorescence intensity with cAMP binding. Application of high-KCl or glucose to MIN6 cells induced the elevation of [cAMP]i and exocytosis. Furthermore, application of an L-type Ca2+ channel agonist or ionomycin to induce extracellular Ca2+ influx evoked the elevation of [cAMP]i, whereas application of carbachol or thapsigargin, which mobilize Ca2+ from internal stores, did not evoke the elevation of [cAMP]i. We performed RT (reverse transcription)–PCR analysis and found that Ca2+-sensitive Adcy1 (adenylate cyclase 1) was expressed in MIN6 cells. Knockdown of endogenous ADCY1 by small interference RNA significantly suppressed glucose-induced exocytosis and the elevation of both [cAMP]i and [Ca2+]i. Taken together, the findings of the present study demonstrate that ADCY1 plays an important role in the control of pancreatic β-cell cAMP homoeostasis and insulin secretion.
Scanning tunneling microscope-quartz crystal microbalance study of temperature gradients at an asperity contact
Authors: Pan L. , Krim J.
Published: January 2013

Investigations of atomic-scale friction frequently involve setups where a tip and substrate are initially at different temperatures. The temperature of the sliding interface upon contact has thus become a topic of interest. A method for detecting initial tip-sample temperature differences at an asperity contact is described, which consists of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip in contact with the surface electrode of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The technique makes use of the fact that a QCM is extremely sensitive to abrupt changes in temperature. In order to demonstrate the technique's capabilities, QCM frequency shifts were recorded for varying initial tip-substrate temperature differences as an STM tip was brought into and out of contact. The results are interpreted within the context of a recent model for thermal heat conduction at an asperity contact, and it is concluded that the transient frequency response is attributable to small changes in temperature close to the region of contact rather than a change in the overall temperature of the QCM itself. For the assumed model parameters, the results moreover reveal substantial temperature discontinuities at the boundary between the tip and the sample, for example, on the order of 10–15 °C for initial temperature differences of 20 °C.
Nonlinear active micro-rheology in a glass-forming soft-sphere mixture
Authors: Winter D. , Horbach J.
Published: January 2013

We present extensive molecular dynamics computer simulations of a glass-forming Yukawa mixture, investigating the nonlinear response of a single particle that is pulled through the system by a constant force. Structural changes around the pulled particle are analyzed by pair correlation functions, measured in the deeply supercooled state of the system. A regime of intermediate force strengths is found where the structural changes around the pulled particle are small, although its steady-state velocity shows a strong nonlinear response. This nonlinear response regime is characterized by a force-temperature superposition principle of a Peclet number and anisotropic diffusive behavior. In the direction parallel to the force, mean-square displacements show anomalous superdiffusion in the long time limit. We analyze this superdiffusive behavior by means of the van Hove correlation function of the pulled particle. Perpendicular to the force, the driven particle shows diffusive behavior for all considered force strengths and temperatures. We discuss the dynamics perpendicular and parallel to the force in terms of effective temperatures.
On the Bauschinger effect in supercooled melts under shear: Results from mode coupling theory and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Frahsa Fabian , Bhattacharjee Amit Kumar , Horbach Jürgen , Fuchs Matthias , Voigtmann Thomas
Published: January 2013

We study the nonlinear rheology of a glass-forming binary mixture under the reversal of shear flow using molecular dynamics simulations and a schematic model of the mode-coupling theory of the glass transition (MCT). Memory effects lead to a history-dependent response, as exemplified by the vanishing of a stress-overshoot phenomenon in the stress–strain curves of the sheared liquid, and a change in the apparent elastic coefficients around states with zero stress. We investigate the various retarded contributions to the stress response at a given time schematically within MCT. The connection of this macroscopic response to single-particle motion is demonstrated using molecular-dynamics simulation.
Dynamics of thermal vibrational motions and stringlike jump motions in three-dimensional glass-forming liquids
Authors: Kawasaki Takeshi , Onuki Akira
Published: January 2013

Using molecular dynamics simulation on a glass-forming liquid in three dimensions, we investigate the thermal vibrational motions, the configuration changes caused by stringlike jump motions, and their close correlations. The heterogeneous vibrational motions are visualized in terms of a vibration length Si(t) defined for each particle i. The structure factor for the inhomogeneity of Si(t)2 is also calculated, which exhibits considerable long wavelength enhancement. By examining the birth times of strings, they are shown to appear collectively and intermittently. We show that particles with larger Si(t) tend to trigger jump motions more frequently at later times than those with smaller Si(t). We also show that the particles with fewer bonds tend to have larger Si(t) and participate more frequently in the stringlike motions.
Geometrical frustration and static correlations in hard-sphere glass formers
Authors: Charbonneau Benoit , Charbonneau Patrick , Tarjus Gilles
Published: January 2013

We analytically and numerically characterize the structure of hard-sphere fluids in order to review various geometrical frustration scenarios of the glass transition. We find generalized polytetrahedral order to be correlated with increasing fluid packing fraction, but to become increasingly irrelevant with increasing dimension. We also find the growth in structural correlations to be modest in the dynamical regime accessible to computer simulations.
Dynamics of glass-forming liquids. XVI. Observation of ultrastable glass transformation via dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Z. , Sepúlveda A. , Ediger M. D. , Richert R.
Published: January 2013

The transformation of vapor-deposited ultrastable glasses of indomethacin (IMC) into the supercooled liquid state near Tg is monitored by means of dielectric spectroscopy. Films with thickness between 400 and 800 nm are deposited on differential interdigitated electrode cells and their loss profiles are measured during isothermal annealing using a dual-channel impedance technique for frequencies between 0.03 and 100 Hz. All dielectric loss spectra observed during the transformation process can be explained by a volume fraction of the supercooled liquid that increases linearly with time. From the early stages of the transformation to the liquid that is formed via complete annealing of the ultrastable glass, the average dielectric relaxation time as well as the distribution of relaxation times of the liquid component are identical to those of the conventional liquid obtained by cooling the melt. The dependence of the transformation rate on the film thickness is consistent with a growth front mechanism for the direct conversion from the ultrastable glass to the equilibrium supercooled liquid. We conclude that the IMC liquid recovered from the ultrastable glass is structurally and dynamically identical to the conventional supercooled state.
Relationship between local molecular field theory and density functional theory for non-uniform liquids
Authors: Archer A. J. , Evans R.
Published: January 2013

The local molecular field theory (LMF) developed by Weeks and co-workers has proved successful for treating the structure and thermodynamics of a variety of non-uniform liquids. By reformulating LMF in terms of one-body direct correlation functions we recast the theory in the framework of classical density functional theory (DFT). We show that the general LMF equation for the effective reference potential ϕR(r) follows directly from the standard mean-field DFT treatment of attractive interatomic forces. Using an accurate (fundamental measures) DFT for the non-uniform hard-sphere reference fluid we determine ϕR(r) for a hard-core Yukawa liquid adsorbed at a planar hard wall. In the approach to bulk liquid-gas coexistence we find the effective potentials exhibit rich structure that can include damped oscillations at large distances from the wall as well as the repulsive hump near the wall required to generate the low density “gas” layer characteristic of complete drying. We argue that it would be difficult to obtain the same level of detail from other (non-DFT based) implementations of LMF. LMF emphasizes the importance of making an intelligent division of the interatomic pair potential of the full system into a reference part and a remainder that can be treated in mean-field approximation. We investigate different divisions for an exactly solvable one-dimensional model where the pair potential has a hard-core plus a linear attractive tail. Results for the structure factor and the equation of state of the uniform fluid show that including a significant portion of the attraction in the reference system can be much more accurate than treating the full attractive tail in mean-field approximation. We discuss further aspects of the relationship between LMF and DFT.
Optical band gap of NpO2 and PuO2 from optical absorbance of epitaxial films
Authors: Mark McCleskey T. , Bauer Eve , Jia Quanxi , Burrell Anthony K. , Scott Brian L. , Conradson Steven D. , Mueller Alex , Roy Lindsay , Wen Xiaodong , Scuseria Gustavo E. , Martin Richard L.
Published: January 2013

We report a solution based synthesis of epitaxial thin films of neptunium oxide and plutonium oxide. Actinides represent a challenge to first principle calculations due to features that arise from f orbital interactions. Conventional semi-local density functional theory predicts NpO2 and PuO2 to be metallic, when they are well known insulators. Improvements in theory are dependent on comparison with accurate measurements of material properties, which in turn demand high-quality samples. The high melting point of actinide oxides and their inherent radioactivity makes single crystal and epitaxial film formation challenging. We report on the preparation of high quality epitaxial actinide films. The films have been characterized through a combination of X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure (XANES and EXAFS) measurements. We report band gaps of 2.80 ± 0.1 eV and 2.85 ± 0.1 eV at room temperature for PuO2 and NpO2, respectively, and compare our measurements with state-of-the-art calculations.
Probing of laser-induced crack closure by pulsed laser-generated acoustic waves
Authors: Ni C. , Chigarev N. , Tournat V. , Delorme N. , Shen Z. , Gusev V. E.
Published: January 2013

The monitoring and characterization of laser-heated crack by the laser ultrasonics technique are reported. In comparison with existing studies, where the Rayleigh and bulk skimming waves were generated by laser-induced line source, the point source is used here. Crack closure by thermoelastic stresses modifies the propagation paths of the acoustic rays from a point source to a point receiver. Thus, the arrival times of the acoustic waves contain useful information on the state of crack closure induced by a particular level of laser heating. An important dependence of the detected signals on the initial width/state of the crack and a presence of local necks/narrowings in the crack are revealed. It is demonstrated that the mode conversion of the incident skimming longitudinal bulk waves into the transmitted Rayleigh waves is very sensitive to imperfectness of cracks closure. The proposed interpretation of the laser-ultrasonics experimental observations is supported by atomic force microscopy measurements.
Effects of light extraction efficiency to the efficiency droop of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Yiyun , Zheng Haiyang , Guo Enqing , Cheng Yan , Ma Jun , Wang Liancheng , Liu Zhiqiang , Yi Xiaoyan , Wang Guohong , Li Jinmin
Published: January 2013

Light extraction efficiency (LEE) droop as an important factor contributing to the efficiency droop of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been demonstrated and investigated in detail. The LEE droop effect is induced by the spatial dependence of the extraction efficiency of photons inside of the LED devices and the aggravating crowding effect of the injection electrons around n-type electrodes as injection current increases. A current blocking layer is introduced to alleviate the LEE droop effect. And the light output power of the LEDs is also improved by 43% at an injection current of 350 mA.
Shock interaction with a deformable particle: Direct numerical simulation and point-particle modeling
Authors: Ling Y. , Haselbacher A. , Balachandar S. , Najjar F. M. , Stewart D. S.
Published: January 2013

The interaction of shock waves with deformable particles is an important fundamental problem. In some applications, e.g., the detonation of explosives loaded with metal particles, the pressure behind the shock wave can be significantly larger than the yield strength of the particle material. This means that particles can deform severely during their interaction with the shock wave. The experimental and theoretical studies of shock interaction with deformable particles (SIDP) are extremely challenging because of its highly transient nature. As a result, no accurate model exists yet that can be used in simulations. The objective of this paper is to develop a simple point-particle model that accurately captures the unsteady force and heat-transfer in SIDP. In the development of this model, we build on earlier models by Ling et al. (Int. J. Multiphase Flow 37, 1026–1044 (2011)) for the unsteady force and heat-transfer contributions for rigid particles. Insights gained from direct numerical simulations (DNS) guide the extension of these models to deforming particles. Results obtained with the extended model for the interaction of a deforming particle with a shock wave and a Chapman-Jouguet detonation wave compare well with DNS results and therefore offer significant improvements over standard models.
The effect of aspect ratio on the piezoresistive behavior of the multiwalled carbon nanotubes/thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites
Authors: Zha Jun-Wei , Shehzad Khurram , Li Wei-Kang , Dang Zhi-Min
Published: January 2013

To explore the effect of aspect ratio (AR) of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the piezoresistive behavior of the composites, four kinds of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) with different nominal aspect ratios (AR = 62, 133, 433, and 833) were well dispersed in a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) via melt blending. The piezoresistivity of the MWNT/TPE nanocomposites was found to be dependent on the nominal MWNT aspect ratios. However, their relationship is non-linear and non-monotonic. By introducing the effective MWNT aspect ratios which are length-dependent and diameter-dependent, it has been demonstrated that the piezoresistivity will decrease with the increase of effective aspect ratios. The length-dependent increase of aspect ratio results in one hundred-fold or more decrease of piezoresistivity, but the diameter-dependent increase of aspect ratios only leads to a slight marginal change of the piezoresistivity. The proper selection of MWNT aspect ratios could enable their utilization to tailor as well as finely tune the piezoresistivity of the MWNT/TPE nanocomposites.
Hydration structure of salt solutions from ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Bankura Arindam , Carnevale Vincenzo , Klein Michael L.
Published: January 2013

The solvation structures of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\rm Na^+$\end{document} Na +, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\rm K^+$\end{document}K+, and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\rm Cl^-$\end{document} Cl − ions in aqueous solution have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) based Car-Parrinello (CP) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. CPMD trajectories were collected for systems containing three NaCl or KCl ion pairs solvated by 122 water molecules using three different but commonly employed density functionals (BLYP, HCTH, and PBE) with electron correlation treated at the level of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The effect of including dispersion forces was analyzed through the use of an empirical correction to the DFT-GGA scheme. Special attention was paid to the hydration characteristics, especially the structural properties of the first solvation shell of the ions, which was investigated through ion-water radial distribution functions, coordination numbers, and angular distribution functions. There are significant differences between the present results obtained from CPMD simulations and those provided by classical MD based on either the CHARMM force field or a polarizable model. Overall, the computed structural properties are in fair agreement with the available experimental results. In particular, the observed coordination numbers 5.0–5.5, 6.0–6.4, and 6.0–6.5 for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\rm Na^+$\end{document} Na +, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\rm K^+$\end{document}K+, and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\rm Cl^-$\end{document} Cl −, respectively, are consistent with X-ray and neutron scattering studies but differ somewhat from some of the many other recent computational studies of these important systems. Possible reasons for the differences are discussed.
A wavelet analysis for the X-ray absorption spectra of molecules
Authors: Penfold T. J. , Tavernelli I. , Milne C. J. , Reinhard M. , Nahhas A. El , Abela R. , Rothlisberger U. , Chergui M.
Published: January 2013

We present a Wavelet transform analysis for the X-ray absorption spectra of molecules. In contrast to the traditionally used Fourier transform approach, this analysis yields a 2D correlation plot in both R- and k-space. As a consequence, it is possible to distinguish between different scattering pathways at the same distance from the absorbing atom and between the contributions of single and multiple scattering events, making an unambiguous assignment of the fine structure oscillations for complex systems possible. We apply this to two previously studied transition metal complexes, namely iron hexacyanide in both its ferric and ferrous form, and a rhenium diimine complex, [ReX(CO)3(bpy)], where X = Br, Cl, or ethyl pyridine (Etpy). Our results demonstrate the potential advantages of using this approach and they highlight the importance of multiple scattering, and specifically the focusing phenomenon to the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra of these complexes. We also shed light on the low sensitivity of the EXAFS spectrum to the Re-X scattering pathway.
Strain analysis in SiN/Ge microstructures obtained via Si-complementary metal oxide semiconductor compatible approach
Authors: Capellini G. , Kozlowski G. , Yamamoto Y. , Lisker M. , Wenger C. , Niu G. , Zaumseil P. , Tillack B. , Ghrib A. , de Kersauson M. , El Kurdi M. , Boucaud P. , Schroeder T.
Published: January 2013

We have analyzed the strain distribution and the photoluminescence in Ge microstructures fabricated by means of a Si-CMOS compatible method. The tensile strain in the Ge microstructures is obtained by using a SiN stressor layer. Different shapes of microstructure, allowing the Ge layers to freely expand into one, two, or three dimensions, resulted in different strain distribution profiles. Maximal equivalent biaxial tensile strain values up to ∼0.8% have been measured. Room temperature photoluminescence emission has been observed and attributed to direct-band gap recombination spectrally shifted by tensile strain.
Exploiting a semi-analytic approach to study first order phase transitions
Authors: Fiore Carlos. E. , da Luz M. G. E.
Published: January 2013

In a previous contribution [C. E. Fiore and M. G. E. da Luz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 230601 (2011)10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.230601] we have proposed a method to treat first order phase transitions at low temperatures. It describes arbitrary order parameter through an analytical expression W, which depends on few coefficients. Such coefficients can be calculated by simulating relatively small systems, hence, with a low computational cost. The method determines the precise location of coexistence lines and arbitrary response functions (from proper derivatives of W). Here we exploit and extend the approach, discussing a more general condition for its validity. We show that, in fact, it works beyond the low T limit, provided the first order phase transition is strong enough. Thus, W can be used even to study athermal problems, as exemplified for a hard-core lattice gas. We furthermore demonstrate that other relevant thermodynamic quantities, as entropy and energy, are also obtained from W. To clarify some important mathematical features of the method, we analyze in detail an analytically solvable problem. Finally, we discuss different representative models, namely, Potts, Bell-Lavis, and associating gas-lattice, illustrating the procedure's broad applicability.