bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of geriatric nutritional risk index on prognosis in peripheral artery disease patients undergoing endovascular therapy
Authors: Pan Dikang , Wang Jiabin , Guo Julong , Su Zhixiang , Wang Jingyu , Guo Jianming , Shi Xiaoming , Gu Yongquan
Published: April 2023

The prevalence of peripheral artery disease continues to rise, with major amputations and mortality remaining prominent. Frailty is a significant risk factor for adverse outcomes in the management of the vascular disease. The geriatric nutritional risk index has been used to predict adverse outcomes in lower extremity peripheral artery disease and is a nutrition‐based surrogate for frailty. The authors recruited 126 patients with peripheral artery disease who underwent endovascular stent implantation. As in previous reports, malnutrition was diagnosed by the geriatric nutritional risk index. The authors used Kaplan‐Meier and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to analyze the risk of major adverse limb events, which included mortality, major amputation, and target limb revascularization. There were 67 major adverse limb events during a median follow‐up of 480 days. Malnutrition on the basis of the geriatric nutritional risk index was present in 31% of patients. Cox regression analysis showed that malnutrition based on the geriatric nutritional risk index was an independent predictor of major adverse limb events. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that major adverse limb events increased with worsening malnutrition. Our single‐center, retrospective evaluation of geriatric nutritional risk index (as a synonym for body health) correlates with an increased risk of major adverse limb events. Future directions should focus not only on identifying these patients but also on modifying risk factors to optimize long‐term outcomes.
Cardiovascular outcomes of β‐blocker—calcium channel blocker initial dual therapy vs. other initial dual therapies in Chinese patients with hypertension: A real‐world retrospective study
Authors: Lin Junxiong , Guo Qinghui , Lu Zhuoqiang , Chai Dajun , Peng Feng , Lin Jinxiu
Published: April 2023

This retrospective study compared cardiovascular (CV) outcomes between initial β‐blocker (BB) + calcium channel blocker (CCB) dual therapy (“B + C”) and other initial dual therapies in Chinese newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. In this study, all patients in a regional electronic database with newly diagnosed hypertension from January 01, 2012 to December 31, 2016 who received any initial optimal dual therapy recommended by the Chinese hypertension guideline were included. 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics between patients receiving B + C and patients receiving other initial dual therapies (“Others”). The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) that occurred from January 01, 2012 to December 31, 2017, consisting of non‐fatal stroke, non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI), non‐fatal chronic heart failure (CHF), and all‐cause death. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare these CV outcomes in the 2 matched cohorts. After the PSM, 6227 patients receiving B + C and 12 454 patients receiving Others were included. Compared to patients receiving Others, patients receiving B + C had a significantly lower risk of MACE (hazard ratio [HR] 0.85; 95% confidential interval [CI] 0.78–0.92; p < .001), non‐fatal stroke (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.81–0.98; p = .018) and non‐fatal CHF (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.63–0.86; p < .0001). Additionally, differences in risks of non‐fatal MI and all‐cause death between the 2 treatment cohorts were not statistically significant. In conclusion, BB + CCB initial dual therapy was associated with a lower risk of MACE, stroke, and CHF than other optimal initial dual therapies recommended by the Chinese hypertension guideline in Chinese newly diagnosed hypertensive patients.
Bank capital, lending, and regulation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Malovaná Simona , Hodula Martin , Bajzík Josef , Gric Zuzana
Published: April 2023

We collected over 1600 estimates on the relationship between bank capital and lending and construct 40 variables to capture the context in which these estimates are obtained. Accounting for potential publication bias, we find that a 1 percentage point (pp) increase in capital (regulatory) ratio results in around 0.3 pp increase in annual credit growth, while changes to capital requirements cause a decrease of around 0.7 pp. Using Bayesian and frequentist model averaging, we show that the relationship between bank capital and lending changes over time, reflecting the post‐crisis period of increasingly demanding bank capital regulation and subdued profitability. We also find that the reported estimates of semi‐elasticities are significantly influenced by the empirical approach chosen by researchers. Our findings suggest that the literature fails to provide policymakers with reliable estimates of the effects of capital regulation on bank lending, and our study offers insights that could help guide future research.
Weak equilibria for time‐inconsistent control: With applications to investment‐withdrawal decisions
Authors: Liang Zongxia , Yuan Fengyi
Published: April 2023

This paper considers time‐inconsistent problems when control and stopping strategies are required to be made simultaneously (called stopping control problems by us). We first formulate the time‐inconsistent stopping control problems under general multidimensional controlled diffusion model and propose a formal definition of their equilibria. We show that an admissible pair of control‐stopping policy is equilibrium if and only if the auxiliary function associated with it solves the extended HJB system, providing a methodology to verify or exclude equilibrium solutions. We provide several examples to illustrate applications to mathematical finance and control theory. For a problem whose reward function endogenously depends on the current wealth, the equilibrium is explicitly obtained. For another model with a nonexponential discount, we prove that any constant proportion strategy can not be equilibrium. We further show that general nonconstant equilibrium exists and is described by singular boundary value problems. This example shows that considering our combined problems is essentially different from investigating them separately. In the end, we also provide a two‐dimensional example with a hyperbolic discount.
Reduced inferior wall longitudinal strain is associated with malignant arrhythmias in non‐ischemic heart failure
Authors: Winsløw Ulrik , Elming Marie Bayer , Thune Jens Jakob , Haarbo Jens , Thornvig Philbert Berit , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Pehrson Steen , Jøns Christian , Bundgaard Henning , Køber Lars , Risum Niels
Published: April 2023

Background

Reduced systolic myocardial function in the inferior region of the left ventricle has been suggested to be associated with malignant arrhythmias. We tested this hypothesis in patients with non‐ischemic heart failure.

Methods

Patients with non‐ischemic heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] < 35%) were evaluated by 2D‐speckle‐tracking echocardiography. The regional longitudinal strain was calculated for each of the six left ventricular walls. The reduced regional function was defined as strain below the median. The outcome was a composite of sudden cardiac death, admission with sustained ventricular arrhythmia, resuscitated cardiac arrest, and appropriate therapy from a primary prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Time‐to‐first‐event analysis was performed using a Cox model.

Results

From two centers, 401 patients were included (median age: 63 years, 72% male) with a median LVEF of 25% (interquartile range [IQR] 20;30), and a median inferior wall strain of –9.0% (–12.5; –5.4). During a median follow‐up of 4.0 years, 52 outcomes occurred. After multivariate adjustment for clinical and electrocardiographic parameters, inferior wall strain was independently associated with the outcome (HR 2.50 [1.35; 4.62], p = .003). No independent association was found between the composite outcome and reduced strain in any of the other left ventricular walls, Global Longitudinal Strain (HR 1.66 [0.93; 2.98], p = .09), or LVEF (HR 1.33 [0.75; 2.33], p = .33).

Conclusions

Below median strain in the left ventricular inferior region was independently associated with a 2.5‐fold increase in the risk of malignant arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in patients with non‐ischemic heart failure.
Assessing the economic ripple effect of flood disasters in light of the recovery process: Insights from an agent‐based model
Authors: Jiang Xinyu , Jia Ruiying , Yang Lijiao
Published: April 2023

To assess the economic ripple effect, this study integrates agent‐based modeling (ABM) with a multiregional input–output (MRIO) table to develop an assessment model that considers capacity recovery process. The intermediate and final demands in the MRIO table are used to describe the agents’ interdependence. Survival analysis is used to construct capacity rate curves. By defining the first‐ and second‐order ripple effects, ABM is used to capture the ripple process in days. To conduct a case study, the service and retail sectors in Enshi in Hubei, China, are selected as disaster‐affected sectors (they were severely affected by the July 17, 2020 flood disaster). The main findings are as follows: (1) With the first‐order ripple effect, the losses caused by service and retail are concentrated within Enshi. Enshi's final demand, construction, and raw materials manufacturing sectors as well as Wuhan's construction sector are seriously affected. (2) With the second‐order ripple effect, the losses caused by the service and retail sectors expand, forming a prominent industrial ripple chain: “service (retail)–raw materials manufacturing–construction.” (3) The direct and indirect losses caused by the service sector are more significant than those caused by the retail sector. However, the loss ratio of the service sector is smaller than that of the retail sector because of its sound industrial structure and strong resilience. Hence, the indirect losses caused by different sectors are not entirely determined by their direct losses; instead, they are also related to the degree of perfection of the structures of different sectors.
Impact of cytomegalovirus immunodominant HLA‐I donor–recipient matching on the incidence and features of virus DNAemia and virus‐specific T‐cell immune reconstitution in unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Huntley Dixie , Giménez Estela , Vázquez Lourdes , Pascual María Jesús , Amat Paula , Remigia María José , Hernández‐Boluda Juan Carlos , García Magdalena , Gago Beatriz , Torres Ignacio , de la Asunción Carlos Solano , Hernani Rafael , Pérez Ariadna , Albert Eliseo , Piñana José Luis , Solano Carlos , Navarro David
Published: April 2023

Background

We investigated whether donor‐recipient mismatch involving one or more cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunodominant (ID) human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐I alleles may impact on the degree of CMV pp65/immediate‐early 1 (IE‐1) T‐cell reconstitution and the incidence of CMV DNAemia in patients undergoing unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with high‐dose posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PT/Cy‐haplo).

Methods

Multicenter observational study including 106 consecutive adult PT/Cy‐haplo patients (34 CMV ID HLA‐I matched and 72 mismatched). A real‐time PCR was used for plasma CMV DNA load monitoring. Enumeration of CMV‐specific (pp65/IE‐1) interferon (IFN)‐γ‐producing T cells from several patients was performed by flow cytometry by days +30, +60, +90 and +180 after transplantation.

Results

The cumulative incidence of CMV DNAemia, clinically significant CMV DNAemia episodes (cs‐CMVi), and recurrent CMV DNAemia was comparable across CMV ID HLA‐I matched and mismatched patients (71.8% vs. 80.9%, p = .95; 40.7% vs. 44.2%, p = .85; 16.4% vs. 28.1%; p = .43, respectively). The percentage of patients exhibiting detectable CMV‐specific IFN‐γ‐producing T‐cell responses (either CD8+ or CD4+) was similar across groups; nevertheless, significantly higher CMV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell counts were enumerated in the CMV ID HLA‐I matched compared to mismatched patients by day +60 (p = .04) and +180 (p = .016) after transplantation.

Conclusion

CMV ID HLA‐I matching may impact on the magnitude of CMV‐pp65/IE‐1‐specific CD8+ T‐cell reconstitution; yet, this effect seemed not to have an impact on the incidence of initial, recurrent CMV DNAemia, or cs‐CMVi.

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Surgical interventions and outcome in a population of feline trauma patients
Authors: Fisher Corey J. , Cavanagh Amanda A. , Liss David , Adams Taylor , Marvel Sarah J. , Hall Kelly E.
Published: April 2023

Objective

To determine signalment, injury type, trauma severity score, and outcome of feline trauma patients undergoing surgical (emergency room [ER] and operating room [OR]) and nonsurgical treatments in addition to time to surgery, specialty services involved, and cost in the OR surgery population.

Design

Retrospective evaluation of medical record and hospital trauma registry data on feline trauma cases.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Two hundred and fifty‐one cats presenting for traumatic injury between May 2017 and July 2020.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

Demographics and outcomes were compared for cats undergoing surgical intervention in an OR (12%, 31/251) or an ER (23%, 58/251) setting and feline trauma patients without surgical intervention (65%, 162/251). Between the 2 surgical groups, 99% survived to discharge compared to 73.5% of the nonsurgical group (P < 0.0001). For the OR surgical cohort, electronic medical records were reviewed to determine the specialty surgery service involved, time to and duration of anesthesia and surgery, and visit cost. The most common surgery services involved were orthopedics (41%, 12/29) and dentistry (38%, 11/29), and the most common surgeries performed were mandibular fracture stabilization (8/29) and internal fixation for long bone fractures (8/29). The ER surgical group had a significantly lower Animal Trauma Triage score than the OR group (P < 0.0001), but a significant difference was not found between OR surgical and nonsurgical groups (P = 0.0553). No difference in modified Glasgow Coma Scale score was found between any groups.

Conclusions

Surgical intervention in feline trauma patients appears to be associated with higher survival rates, but no difference in mortality was found across surgery services. OR surgical intervention, in particular, orthopedic surgery, was associated with increased length of hospitalization, increased cost, and increased use of blood products.
4G Signal Strength Measurement and Simulation for Outdoor Environment at 1.8 GHz and 2.6 GHz
Authors: Kamarusshahrin Muhammad Amir Haziq , A Rahim Mohamad Kamal , Iqbal Muhammad Naeem , Murad Noor Asniza , Samsuri Noor Asmawati , Mohd Yusoff Mohd Fairus , Zubir Farid , Hamid Mohamad Rijal , Ayop Osman
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the signal strength measurement of the 4G network for an outdoor environment. The signal strength is measured at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) at 1.8 GHz and 2.6 GHz. The signal measurement is compared with the simulation using WinProp software. The database was created for the simulation, and the received signals were recorded at certain locations. The measured and simulated results show that the signal is comparable, where the highest signal is -56 dBm at 1.8 GHz and -49 dBm at 2.6 GHz.
SAR Measurement from Mobile Phone and Its Effect to Human Body
Authors: Ahmad Noor Azlinda , Shaharun Putri Fhazleen
Published: April 2023

Electromagnetic fields are created by radiofrequency waves. However, the RF emitted by a mobile phone's antenna is insufficient to cause significant heating of tissues in the ear or head. The focus of this research is to look further into SAR measurement of how much RF radiation is absorbed by tissues in the human body. A CST Microwave studio, a high-performance 3D EM analysis software, is used for this project to design, analyse, and measure electromagnetic (EM) components and systems, and perform SAR calculation as a post-processing step after the simulation. It is shown in the result that the human body does absorb energy from radiofrequency radiation emitting devices. Heating to the area of the body where a cell phone is held is the only consistently recognized biological effect of radiofrequency radiation absorption in humans, but heating is insufficient to measurably increase the body temperature.
Simulation of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) ISFET Sensor with Different Nanostructures
Authors: Mun Lee Shung , Mohamed Sultan Suhana , Ab Razak Nur Afiqah
Published: April 2023

It is crucial to have early detection of prostate cancer as it is the third most common cancer in men and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a protein-based biomarker commonly used to achieve the purpose. Besides, ISFET integrated with nanostructures such as nanowire and nanosphere has been the focus of research for disease diagnosis. Simulations are carried out in Biosensor Lab to investigate the performance of ISFET with planar, nanowire and nanosphere structures in detecting PSA. Using nanostructured ISFET in disease diagnosis is demonstrated by comparing the performance with the surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio. The nanosphere biosensor with the highest S/V ratio showed the lowest settling time when there was a low analyte concentration. Its settling time is 788 times lower than planar and almost 3 times lower than nanowire ISFET. In addition, the time needed for a planar biosensor to capture  M of PSA is 5 times slower than a nanowire biosensor and nanosphere biosensor. In signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), nanosphere ISFET exhibits the highest value compared to other structures. These results indicate that a higher S/V ratio contributed to better performance in detecting PSA.
Design and Fabrication of PVA-SnO2 Based Humidity Sensors
Authors: Hermida I Dewa Putu , Azmi Asrul Izam , Idrus Sevia Mahdaliza , Wiranto Goib , Manurung Robeth V. , Hasanah Nurul , Amirullah Mustofa , Rahmawati Annida , Hidayatullah Papat
Published: April 2023

In this research, humidity sensors based on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Tin Oxide (SnO2) have been designed and fabricated using screen printing. The sensor devices were fabricated on Alumina Substrate (Al2O3) with Silver (Ag) as the electrode material. The number of fingers on the electrodes was varied to obtain different sensor resistance values. SnO2 was added to the PVA sensing layer with variations in the composition. The size of granules formed from mixing PVA-SnO2 material will also be observed.
Investigation of the Transfer Capability of the Nigerian 330 kV, 58-bus Power System Network using FACTS Devices
Authors: Nkan Imo , Obi Patrick , Natala Hassan , Okoro Ogbonnaya
Published: April 2023

Over the years, the Nigerian power system is beset with lingering problems, which include severe power losses, as well as very low transfer capability of the transmission network to evacuate power from generating stations to the load at the distribution level. Presently, the Nigerian power industry is undergoing restructuring, especially in the generation and distribution systems. In view of the deregulation of electricity distribution and marketing, the traditional practices of the Nigerian power system are undergoing changes to address the identified problems in the existing power system. Specifically, better utilization of the existing power transmission network to improve on the system transfer capability and minimize cost is one of the key focuses of the deregulation agenda. This work deals with the enhancement of transfer capability of Nigerian 58-bus, 330kV network using FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System) devices. FACTS devices are used for controlling transmission voltage, power flow, reducing reactive power losses, and damping of power system oscillations for high power transfer capability. Three FACTS devices; Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), and Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) were used to investigate the transfer capability of the Nigerian 58-bus power system network. NEPLAN was employed in this work to model the Nigerian 58-bus system and optimally placed the FACTS devices at the weakest buses that were found out through the computation for available transfer capability (ATC) after continuation power flow (CPF) simulation was completed. MATLAB codes were developed and used to calculate power transfer capability of the network without and with FACTS devices. Comparing the three FACTS devices, the results obtained showed that UPFC enhanced the power transfer capability of the network than TCSC and IPFC.
Dual Polarization DQPSK ROF System with Duo Binary Precoding and Hybrid Amplification for Effective Hybrid SMF FSO Transmission Medium
Authors: Al Bayati Esra , Ngah Razali , Daud Nurul Ashikin
Published: April 2023

This article demonstrates the utilization of a hybrid amplification technique on the transmission part of the proposed hybrid medium transmission system which includes both using Single Mode Fiber (SMF) with 60 km and Free Space Optic (FSO) with a range between 5 km and 25 km. It has included four weather situations with an investigation of the FSO medium-based system performance. The system uses 64 channels based on Dual Polarization-Differential Quadratic Phase Shift Keying (DP-DQPSK) Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) for the Radio over Fiber (RoF) system using the Duo Binary coding scheme to improve the system efficiency in general and the cross-talk in particular. The investigations will include using the hybrid amplifiers of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and Optical Amplifier (OA) for transmission. The analysis results show that using the hybrid amplification could improve the transmission to reach 25 km for light air case, meanwhile, for light haze, it could reach up to 20 km. Moderate haze could improve transmission efficiency for a distance of 7 km. Finally, for moderate rain situations, the transmission could be further improved to cover a distance of up to 5 km.
A Review of Failure Rate Models for Deterioration in Rural Microgrids: Evaluating Model Complexity and Data Extensiveness
Authors: Dwi Atmaja Tinton , Mat Said Dalila , Idrus Sevia Mahdaliza , Fudholi Ahmad , Habibuddin Mohd Hafiz , Rajani Ahmad
Published: April 2023

Microgrids in rural areas is crucial for providing reliable and sustainable electricity to remote communities. The deterioration of these microgrids can result in power outages and decreased efficiency. A failure rate model is a tool used to predict and mitigate the risk of deterioration.  This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various failure rate models for deterioration in rural microgrid systems, with a focus on evaluating the model complexity and data extensiveness. A total of fourteen failure rate models were analyzed based on their complexity and data requirements. Complexity was evaluated in four levels, ranging from simple to expert. Data extensiveness was evaluated in four levels, ranging from basic to expert. The results show that the complexity and extensiveness of the models vary significantly, with some models being more appropriate for certain types of microgrid systems than others. The study also highlights the importance of considering the complexity and extensiveness of a model when selecting it for a particular microgrid system. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, microgrid engineers, and microgrid operators in selecting the most appropriate failure rate model for their rural microgrid systems. The findings emphasize the need to consider the complexity and extensiveness of the model to ensure its effectiveness and efficiency in predicting and mitigating the risk of deterioration.
Development ofCoreOutcomeSets for trials on the management ofAtrial fiBrillAtion inCriticallyUnwell patientS(COS-ABACUS): a protocol
Authors: Johnston Brian , Hill Ruaraidh A , Blackwood Bronagh , Lip Gregory Y H , Welters Ingeborg D
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in critically unwell patients. New-onset AF (NOAF) affects 5%–11% of all admissions and up to 46% admitted with septic shock. NOAF is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Existing trials into the prevention and management of NOAF suffer from significant heterogeneity making comparisons and inferences limited. Core outcome sets (COS) aim to standardise outcome reporting, reduce inconsistency between trials and reduce outcome reporting bias. We aim to develop an internationally agreed COS for trials of interventions on the management of NOAF during critical illness.

Methods and analysis

Stakeholders including intensive care physicians, cardiologists and patients will be recruited from national and international critical care organisations. COS development will occur in five stages: (1) Outcomes included in trials, recent systematic reviews and surveys of clinician practice and patient focus groups will be extracted. (2) Extracted outcomes will inform a two-stage e-Delphi process and consensus meeting using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. (3) Outcome measurement instruments (OMIs) will be identified from the literature and a consensus meeting held to agree OMI for core outcomes. (4) Nominal group technique will be used in a final consensus meeting to the COS. (5) The findings of our COS will be published in peer-reviewed journals and implemented in future guidelines and intervention trials.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the University of Liverpool ethics committee (Ref: 11 256, 21 June 2022), with a formal consent waiver and assumed consent. We will disseminate the finalised COS via national and international critical care organisations and publication in peer-reviewed journals.
Trajectories of astroparticles in pseudo-Finsler spacetime with the most general modified dispersion
Authors: Zhu Jie , Ma Bo-Qiang
Published: April 2023

Finsler geometry is a natural and fundamental generalization of Riemann geometry, and is a tool to research Lorentz invariance violation. We find the connection between the most general modified dispersion relation and a pseudo-Finsler structure, and then we calculate the arrival time delay of astroparticles with different modified dispersion relations in the framework of Finsler geometry. The result suggests that the time delay is irrelevant with the exact form of the modified dispersion relation. If the modified term becomes 0 when $$E=p$$

E
=
p

, there is no arrival time difference, otherwise the time delays only depend on the Lorentz violation scale and the order at which the Lorentz invariance breaks.
Capsaicin Reduces Cancer Stemness and Inhibits Metastasis by Downregulating SOX2 and EZH2 in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Chen Zhi-Yu , Huang Huan-Huan , Li Qiao-Chu , Zhan Fang-Biao , Wang Ling-Bang , He Tao , Yang Chao-Hua , Wang Yang , Zhang Yuan , Quan Zheng-Xue
Published: April 2023

Metastasis of osteosarcoma is an important adverse factor affecting patients’ survival, and cancer stemness is the crucial cause of distant metastasis. Capsaicin, the main component of pepper, has been proven in our previous work to inhibit osteosarcoma proliferation and enhance its drug sensitivity to cisplatin at low concentrations. This study aims to further explore the anti-osteosarcoma effect of capsaicin at low concentrations (100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M, 24[Formula: see text]h) on stemness and metastasis. The stemness of human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells was decreased significantly by capsaicin treatment. Additionally, the capsaicin treatment’s inhibition of cancer stem cells (CSCs) was dose-dependent on both sphere formation and sphere size. Meanwhile, capsaicin inhibited invasion and migration, which might be associated with 25 metastasis-related genes. SOX2 and EZH2 were the most two relevant stemness factors for capsaicin’s dose-dependent inhibition of osteosarcoma. The mRNAsi score of HOS stemness inhibited by capsaicin was strongly correlated with most metastasis-related genes of osteosarcoma. Capsaicin downregulated six metastasis-promoting genes and up-regulated three metastasis-inhibiting genes, which significantly affected the overall survival and/or disease-free survival of patients. In addition, the CSC re-adhesion scratch assay demonstrated that capsaicin inhibited the migration ability of osteosarcoma by inhibiting its stemness. Overall, capsaicin exerts a significant inhibitory effect on the stemness expression and metastatic ability of osteosarcoma. Moreover, it can inhibit the migratory ability of osteosarcoma by suppressing its stemness via downregulating SOX2 and EZH2. Therefore, capsaicin is expected to be a potential drug against osteosarcoma metastasis due to its ability to inhibit cancer stemness.
Breathers, rogue waves and semi-rational solutions for a Heisenberg ferromagnet-type equation
Authors: Kong Hai-Yang , Guo Rui
Published: April 2023

The Kuralay equation, as a Heisenberg ferromagnet-type equation, is of great significance for describing nonlinear phenomena in magnets. For the Kuralay-IIA equation, based on the constructed [Formula: see text]-fold Darboux transformation, we derive its one-fold and two-fold rogue wave solutions, one-breathers and two-breathers including the Akhmediev two-breathers. By adding shifts on the time variable, we further separate the Akhmediev two-breathers into two one-breathers. In addition, the semi-rational solutions consisting of the rogue wave and one-breather solutions are also derived. The diagrams of the obtained solutions are plotted to analyze their dynamic features.
D3-TD3: Deep Dense Dueling Architectures in TD3 Algorithm for Robot Path Planning Based on 3D Point Cloud
Authors: Gu Yuwan , Zhu Zhitao , Chu Yongtao , Lv Jidong , Wang Xueyuan , Xu Shoukun
Published: April 2023

Twin delayed deep deterministic (TD3) policy gradient has several limitations when applied in planning a path in environment with a number of dilemmas according to our experiment, due to the complexity of the robot path planning task, the rate of convergence of TD3 algorithm is slow and the rate of collision is high. To address this problem, deep dense dueling twin delayed deep deterministic (D3-TD3) architecture is proposed, a method that preserves important information from cross-layer inputs through dense connections and divides the network into a value function and a dominance function, thus, allowing for faster convergence when solving complex tasks. Finally, a spatial model based on three-dimension (3D) point cloud is built, and simulation experimental results show that in static environment, the algorithm proposed in the paper has 40.6% fewer collisions compared to TD3, 30% fewer collisions compared to TD3-BC, 19.2% fewer collisions compared to Dueling TD3 and 17.4% fewer collisions compared to deep dense TD3. In dynamic and static environment, the algorithm proposed in the paper has 34.4% fewer collisions compared to TD3, 24% fewer collisions compared to TD3-BC, 6% fewer collisions compared to Dueling TD3 and 25% fewer collisions compared to deep dense TD3.
Statistical Analysis and EEG Signal Filtering Using Design of Window Function Based on Optimization Methods
Authors: Serbet Fatmanur , Kaya Turgay
Published: April 2023

The window functions, which are widely used in Finite Impulse Response (FIR) digital filter design with the Fourier Series Methods, aim to eliminate the oscillations adversely affecting the filter performance that occur during the filter design. Window functions, which were developed with different methods in the literature, were designed with three different optimization techniques in this study. By using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Colony Optimization (GWCO), Cuckoo Search Optimization (CSO) algorithms, which are among current metaheuristic optimization methods, new window functions are designed for FIR digital filter design such that the designed new window functions have different window coefficients and design parameters. The difference of the designed window functions was analyzed with the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, which are statistical data analysis methods, and the originality of the designed window functions was proven. FIR digital filters that can perform the same operation as the designed window functions have been produced and the results obtained by performing the filtering application of the EEG signal with the produced filters are presented in the study.
Temporal Fusion Transformer-Gaussian Process for Multi-Horizon River Level Prediction and Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Wang Cheng , Tang Weihao
Published: April 2023

Accurate river level prediction is vital in water resource management and flood mitigation. Recent advances in data-driven modeling, especially in deep learning, provide profound insights into predicting river levels when mechanistic hydrological knowledge is absent. However, they often do not capture predictive uncertainty well, making them less robust in the hydrological prediction as they overconfidently extrapolate. Moreover, they are not flexible in handling hydrological variables with heterogeneous characteristics. In this work, we present the Temporal Fusion Transformer-Gaussian Process (TFT-GP), a novel model for multi-horizon probabilistic river level prediction. We show how TFT-GP inherits the nice properties of the Gaussian process and deep neural networks, giving it excellent representative power and uncertainty quantification ability. The performance of TFT-GP is thoroughly compared with existing well-known deep learning models in three real-world hydrological datasets, and the results showed that TFT-GP is not only more accurate in point prediction but also more reasonable in uncertainty quantification.
Depression Detection with Dynamic and Static Visual Features
Authors: Wang Yuhao , Li Zepeng
Published: April 2023

Depression is a serious mood disorder that can significantly impact a person’s ability to live a normal life. In severe cases, it can even lead to suicidal thoughts. As such, accurate detection of depression is crucial for effective management and treatment. This paper presents a facial expression-based approach for depression detection, which is composed of two steps. First, static features are extracted using Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), and Bag of Words (BOW). Second, dynamic features are obtained by applying LBPs on Three Orthogonal Planes (LBP-TOP) and Eight Vertices LBP (EVLBP) frame by frame. Next, the static and dynamic features are combined to create a 1377-dimensional vector for each video. Finally, Gradient Boosting Regression is used to predict depression scores. The experimental results on the AVEC 2014 depression dataset ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. These results indicate that the low-dimensional vectors extracted by the proposed method can effectively capture the facial motion of individuals with depression, and also suggest that hand-crafted methods could have potential in depression detection.
Fundamental heap for framed links and ribbon cocycle invariants
Authors: Saito Masahico , Zappala Emanuele
Published: April 2023

A heap is a set with a certain ternary operation that is self-distributive and exemplified by a group with the operation [Formula: see text]. We introduce and investigate framed link invariants using heaps. In analogy with the knot group, we define the fundamental heap of framed links using group presentations. The fundamental heap is determined for some classes of links such as certain families of torus and pretzel links. We show that for these families of links there exist epimorphisms from fundamental heaps to Vinberg and Coxeter groups, implying that corresponding groups are infinite. A relation to the Wirtinger presentation is also described.

The cocycle invariant is defined using ternary self-distributive (TSD) cohomology, by means of a state sum that uses ternary heap [Formula: see text]-cocycles as weights. This invariant corresponds to a rack cocycle invariant for the rack constructed by doubling of a heap, while colorings can be regarded as heap morphisms from the fundamental heap.

For the construction of the invariant, first computational methods for the heap cohomology are developed. It is shown that the cohomology splits into two types, called degenerate and nondegenerate, and that the degenerate part is one-dimensional. Subcomplexes are constructed based on group cosets, that allow computations of the nondegenerate part. Computations of the cocycle invariants are presented using the cocycles constructed, and conversely, it is proved that the invariant values can be used to derive algebraic properties of the cohomology.
Quantum origins of scalar gravitational waves: Exploring the conformal factor in scalar–tensor theory of gravity
Authors: Joseph Sijo K.
Published: April 2023

Delving into the realm of scalar–tensor theory of gravity, this paper uncovers the intricate details of the conformal factor and its correspondence to quantum mechanical mass fluctuations. Shedding light on the theory’s key findings, we explore the quantum mechanical nature of the wave equation associated with mass fluctuations, predicting the creation of scalar gravitational waves. The association of conformal fluctuations with the quantum potential presents a remarkable feature of this theory, which predicts a scalar component of gravitational waves. With the potential to generate such waves in a laboratory set-up, this theory invites exciting possibilities for empirical testing, highlighting the quantum mechanical origin of scalar gravitational waves.
Stochastic stability for partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms with mostly expanding and mostly contracting centers
Authors: Mi Zeya
Published: April 2023

We prove the stochastic stability of an open class of diffeomorphisms, each of which admits a partially hyperbolic splitting [Formula: see text] such that any Gibbs [Formula: see text]-state admits only positive (respectively, negative) Lyapunov exponents along [Formula: see text] (respectively, [Formula: see text]).
Infinite horizon multi-dimensional BSDE with oblique reflection and switching problem
Authors: El Asri Brahim , Ourkiya Nacer
Published: April 2023

This paper studies a system of multi-dimensional reflected backward stochastic differential equations (RBSDEs) with oblique reflections in infinite horizon associated to switching problems. The existence and uniqueness of the adapted solution is obtained by using a method based on a combination of penalization, verification and contraction property.
The knot invariant associated to two-parameter quantum algebras
Authors: Fan Zhaobing , Ma Haitao , Xing Junjing
Published: April 2023

Using the skew-Hopf pairing, we obtain [Formula: see text]-matrix for the two-parameter quantum algebra [Formula: see text]. We further construct a strict monoidal functor [Formula: see text] from the tangle category [Formula: see text] to the category [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]-modules. As a consequence, the quantum knot invariant of the tangle [Formula: see text] of type [Formula: see text] is obtained by the action of [Formula: see text] on the closure [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text].
On minimal coverings and pairwise generation of some primitive groups of wreath product type
Authors: Almeida Júlia , Garonzi Martino
Published: April 2023

The covering number of a finite group [Formula: see text], denoted [Formula: see text], is the smallest positive integer [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is a union of [Formula: see text] proper subgroups. We calculate [Formula: see text] for a family of primitive groups [Formula: see text] with a unique minimal normal subgroup [Formula: see text], isomorphic to [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] divisible by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cyclic. This is a generalization of a result of Swartz concerning the symmetric groups. We also prove an asymptotic result concerning pairwise generation.
On the direct product of fields with an application
Authors: Tarizadeh Abolfazl
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the (infinite) direct product of fields is investigated. In particular, the finiteness of a given set is characterized in terms of some ring-theoretic observations. Next, a certain localization (whose multiplicative set formed by cofinite sets) of the direct product of fields is studied. Finally, it is shown that every set [Formula: see text] can be made into a separated scheme, and this scheme is an affine scheme if and only if [Formula: see text] is a finite set.
Almost Gorenstein Dedekind domains
Authors: Xing Shiqi , Qiao Lei , Kim Hwankoo , Hu Kui
Published: April 2023

An integral domain [Formula: see text] is said to be locally G-Dedekind if the Gorenstein global dimension of [Formula: see text] is at most one for each maximal ideal [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we show that an integral domain [Formula: see text] is not necessarily a G-Prüfer even if [Formula: see text] is a locally G-Dedekind domain, which gives a negative answer to the question raised by the first author. It follows that the localization of the G-Prüfer domain differs from the classical case of the Prüfer domain. We also study coherent locally G-Dedekind domains, called almost G-Dedekind domains. The almost G-Dedekind domains need not be integrally closed and fill the gap between the G-Dedekind domains and the G-Prüfer domains. Various examples are provided to illustrate the new concept.
Completions of countable excellent local rings in equal characteristic zero
Authors: Baily B. , Loepp S.
Published: April 2023

We characterize which complete local (Noetherian) rings [Formula: see text] containing the rationals are the completion of a countable excellent local ring [Formula: see text]. We also discuss the possibilities for the map from the minimal prime ideals of [Formula: see text] to the minimal prime ideals of [Formula: see text] and we prove some characterization-style results.
INFLUENCE OF CAPSULE INJUR ON ELBOW RANGE OF MOTION
Authors: WANG FANG , SONG KEHUA , LI MINGXIN , HU JUN , JIA SHUOQI , TIAN BOTIAN , ZHANG JIANGUO , FAN YUBO
Published: April 2023

Articular capsule tear was common in elbow fractures, but the tissue mechanical environment during the wound repairing was not clear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different injury conditions on the stability of the elbow through animal experiments and finite element (FE) analysis. Different injury locations and repair conditions were considered in animal experiments: Type Ia (unrepaired anterior capsule), type Ib (repaired anterior capsule), type IIa (unrepaired whole capsule) and type IIb (repaired whole capsule). The elbow valgus angle at 0, 2 and 4 weeks was analyzed, and the tissue stress under different injury conditions (without injury, anterior capsule injury and complete capsule injury) was acquired through a FE model including active behavior of muscle. The maximum valgus angles of repaired elbow were smaller than those of unrepaired elbow. In completely capsule injury, the stress of ulna cartilage altered obviously compared with intact condition, and the peak stress occurred at the flexion angle of 60∘. The stress was about 1.63 times that of intact state. The joint capsule was significantly more stressed than other ligaments and played an important role in the flexion of the elbow joint. This study could provide some advice for surgeons.
Optimal temporal decay rates for the compressible viscoelastic flows
Authors: Fu Shengbin , Huang Wenting , Wang Weiwei
Published: April 2023

For the Cauchy problem of the three-dimensional compressible viscoelastic flows, we establish the optimal temporal decay rates of the all-order spatial derivatives of the global strong solution in the weaker initial condition. The main novelty of this paper is that the optimal decay estimates of the highest-order derivatives of the solution is obtained by using spectral analysis and energy method, which can be considered as the further investigation to [X. Hu and G. Wu, Global existence and optimal decay rates for three-dimensional compressible viscoelastic flows, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 45 (2013) 2815–2833] with only the lower-order derivative estimates.
Designing PMMA–PVA–TiO2 as New Hybrid Nanocomposite for Anticancer Applications
Authors: Al-Tememe E. H. , Jasim Al Hasan Nuha Hadi , Kareem Ahmed Shayaa , Hazim Salem Karrar , Khmees Entidar Jasim , Zabibah Rahman S. , Mohammed Kahtan A.
Published: April 2023

In this investigation, the nanocomposites were synthesized using the physical mixing technique. This technique involved adding 20% titanium dioxide (TiO2) to a combination of PMMA and PVA in terms of weight percentages. The physical properties of prepared nanocomposite have been examined by using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction technique XRD, Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. XRD patterns specified that the prepared composite was mostly crystalline in nature. Scanning electron micrograph showed that TiO2 nanoparticles were covered with a polymer blend matrix. FTIR results confirmed the presence of PVA and PMMA groups on the surface of TiO2 NPs. The MTT assay method was utilized on the MSF-7 cell line in order to evaluate the potential anticancer properties of the produced components. The nanocomposites showed good activity on cancer cells.
Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Properties of ZnO-CdS Composite Nanofiber Electrodes for Water Splitting
Authors: Mezher Mustafa J. , Kudhier Muhsin A. , Dakhil Osama A.
Published: April 2023

Well distributed and uniform nanofibers (NFs) of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) decorated with Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully fabricated using the Electrospinning method (ES). A ZnO-CdS junction electrode was created by loading the CdS NPs onto the ZnO NFs using the deposition process. X-ray diffraction of both ZnO NFs and CdS NPs revealed a mixed phase with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. SEM images confirm that the surface of the 33–71[Formula: see text]nm diameter and several microns long pure ZnO nanofibers was smooth and became granular when CdS nanoparticles were added. The photo-response to visible light at the ZnO-CdS CNFs junction electrode was very strong, which increased the photoelectrochemical activity. Considering this, it was determined that ZnO-CdS CNFs had an incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of about 60% as opposed to pure ZnO NFs, which had an IPCE of 33%. In conclusion, ZnO-CdS CNFs generated by a simple, inexpensive, and applicable cell are a promising clean renewable source for usage such as water splitting.
Using Nigella Sativa Seeds Extract for the Biosynthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of CuO Nps
Authors: Mezher Thaer A. , Ali Abdullah M. , Abd Ahmed N.
Published: April 2023

Researchers are interested in green technology because it is a low-risk, eco-friendly and affordable way to biosynthesize nanoparticles (NPs). Copper nitrate trihydrate and Nigella sativa extract were used as a reducing and capping agent during the manufacture of copper oxide (CuO) NPs in this investigation. The biosynthesized CuO NPs were characterized using X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The good crystalline nature perfectly matches the monoclinic structure of bulk CuO. The results obtained from TEM also showed that CuO NPs were semi-spherical in shape, while the zeta potential characterization indicated that the prepared particles have low stability. Moreover, CuO NPs showed good antimicrobial activity.