bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subchronic Acephate Exposure Induces Immunotoxicity in White Leghorn Cockerels
Authors: Tripathi Syamantak Mani , Govindappa Prem Kumar , Bedekar Megha Kadam , Sahni Yash Pal , Sarkhel B. C. , Sharma Rajesh Kumar , Sankhala Laxmi Narayan , Shetty Raghavendra Hallur Lakshmana
Published: May 2021

We investigated the subchronic immunotoxicity of the phosphoramidothioate organophosphorous insecticide, acephate in white leghorn cockerels (WLH). The cockerels were divided into five groups; C1 (plain control), C2 (vehicle control), T1, T2, and T3 which received acephate suspended groundnut oil for 60 days at doses of 21.3, 28.4 and 42.6 mgkg− 1respectively. The live body weight gain, absolute and relative weights of the spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius, hemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte counts (TEC), packed cell volume (PCV) and lymphocytes were significantly decreased. However, monocytes, eosinophils, heterophils, and basophils were significantly increased. Total protein, albumin and albumin to globin ratio, the antibody response to RD-F and delayed-type hypersensitivity response to DNCB dye or PHA-P, erythrocyte and brain Acetylcholinesterase activity was also significantly reduced in T2 and T3. At 40 and 60 days of acephate exposure, nitrate and nitric oxide production by RD-F and mitogen Con A stimulated peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes, as well as lymphocyte proliferation in response to antigen RD-F and mitogen Con A stimulation, were significantly decreased in groups T2 and T3. Furthermore, dose-dependent increases in the frequency of micronuclei formation, varying intensity serum protein bands with different protein fractions (14.85KDa), and splenic DNA laddering (180 bp) were observed in groups T2 and T3. Histopathologically, the spleen and bursa showed morphological changes and mild lymphocyte depletion. In conclusion, low-level acephate exposure may affect acetylcholinesterase, lymphocytes, and immune responses in cockerels. As a result, it should be considered when assessing immunotoxicity and the risk to human and animal health.
Role of Montelukast in Modulation of Response to Sepsis in Preterm Infants: A Randomized-controlled Trial
Authors: El-Shehaby Nouran , El-Shahawy Heba , Nasef Nehad , El-Sallab Shadia , El-Halaby Hanan
Published: May 2021

Inflammatory mediators play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of neonatal sepsis. Montelukast, as an anti-inflammatory drug, could be a beneficial therapy. This study aimed to explore the adjuvant role of Montelukast in regulating the inflammatory response associated with neonatal sepsis and its associated effect on the clinical outcomes. An open-label, randomized controlled intervention trial conducted on 40 late preterm newborn (gestational age 340/7 to 366/7 weeks) admitted to NICU, with clinical evidence of sepsis. In the Montelukast group (n=20), infants received oral Montelukast once daily for 10 days (infant's weight <2 kg received 1.5 mg whereas >2 kg received 2 mg) with antibiotics plus routine supportive care. In the routine care group (n=20), infants received antibiotics plus routine supportive care. Primary outcome was the serum level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha at day 10 of therapy. Secondary outcomes included the clinical outcomes along hospital admission. Baseline characteristics were non-significantly different between both groups. After 10 days of therapy, TNF alpha level was significantly lower in the Montelukast group (80.73+50.25 versus 119.54+58.46; p= 0.03). There were non-significant differences between both groups regarding duration of NICU admission, antibiotics duration or modalities and duration of respiratory support. C-reactive protein didn’t differ between both groups (p= 0.256). No documented significant adverse effects of Montelukast during the study period. Conclusion: in late preterm neonates with sepsis, 10 days of Montelukast therapy as an adjuvant to antibiotics lowered TNF alpha level without any impact on clinical outcomes.
Evolution of Cardiac Tissue and Flow Mechanics in Developing Japanese Medaka
Authors: Chakraborty Sreyashi , Sepulveda Maria S. , Vlachos Pavlos
Published: May 2021

The effects of pressure drop across cardiac valve cushion regions and endocardial wall strain triggering cardiac morphogenesis in a teleost species heart are poorly understood. In the presented work, we utilize microscale particle image velocimetry (µPIV) flow measurements of developing medaka hearts from 3 to 14 dpf (n = 4–5 at each dpf) to quantify the pressure field and endocardial wall strain. Peak pressure drop at the atrioventricular canal (ΔPAVC) and outflow tract (ΔPOFT) show a steady increase with fish age progression. Pressure drops when non-dimensionalized with blood viscosity and heart rate at each dpf are comparable with measurements in zebrafish hearts. Retrograde flows captured at these regions display a negative pressure drop. A novel metric, Endocardial Work (EW), is introduced by analyzing the ΔPAVC-strain curves, which is a non-invasive measure of work required for ventricle filling. EW is a metric that can differentiate between the linear heart stage (< 100 Pa-%), cardiac looped chamber stage (< 300 Pa-%), and the fully formed chamber stage (> 300 Pa-%).
Multicentre Study of Endo-Ectoparasite Infection in Italian Cats
Authors: Genchi Marco , VISMARRA ALICE , ZANET STEFANIA , MORELLI SIMONE , GALUPPI ROBERTA , CRINGOLI GIUSEPPE , OTRANTO DOMENICO , DIAFERIA MANUELA , REGALBONO ANTONIO FRANGIPANE DI , VENEGONI GIULIA , BASANO FABRIZIO SOLARI , VARCASIA ANTONIO , PERRUCCI STEFANIA , MUSELLA VINCENZO , BRIANTI EMANUELE , GAZZONIS ALESSIA LIBERA , DRIGO MICHELE , COLOMBO LILIANA , Kramer Laurahelen
Published: May 2021

BackgroundParasites infecting cats include protozoa, helminths and arthropods. Many are also transmissible to humans. Effective control relies on knowledge of parasite distribution and risk factors for infection. The present study was aimed at evaluating prevalence of major feline parasites in Italy and risk factors associated with their occurrence.MethodsOver a 12-month study period, thirteen study centers across Italy analyzed feces, hair and ectoparasites from naturally infected cats coming from feral colonies, shelters and private households. Samples from cats (n=987) were analyzed by all centers using the same diagnostic methods. Prevalence values and risk factors were evaluated statistically for identification of predictors of risk. ResultsThe overall prevalence of gastro-intestinal (GI) and bronco-pulmonary (BP) nematodes was 35.9% (354/987). T. cati was the most prevalent species (253/987; 25.6%), followed by hookworms (98/987; 9.9%). Among BP nematodes, A. abstrusus was the most common (76/987; 7.7%). Approximately 35.7% (352/987) of the study population was infested by ectoparasites. The most common were fleas 29.4% (290/987), followed by ear mites O. cynotis 9.8% (97/987).Predictors of risk for parasite infection included age, a predominantly or exclusively outdoor lifestyle, geographic area and lack of anti-parasitic treatment.ConclusionBoth ecto- and endoparasites are still common in cats throughout Italy, many of them being of zoonotic concern and vectors of pathogens to humans. Given the presence of parasites throughout the entire study period, year-round treatment should be considered. Furthermore, data confirm the need to protect the human-animal bond using proper endo- and ecto-parasiticides to reduce the risk of human infection, in application of the One-Health concept.
Work-Based Learning in Faculty Development Through Educational Scholar Program (ESP): A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Keshmiri Fatemeh
Published: May 2021

Aim and background: The aim of present study was to assess the effect of faculty development courses as educational scholar program (ESP) in viewpoints of faculty members.Materials and methods: The study is a mixed method concurrent embedded design. Faculty members participated in the ESP from different faculties (n=15). ESP is designed as a long empowerment course in two phases of training and scholarship. Data collection about faculty members’ satisfaction and experiences were conducted through a 9-items questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, respectively. In the first phases, data was analyzed by descriptive tests (mean, SD). The inductive content analysis approach was used for data analysis in qualitative phase. Inductive analysis approach was conducted by open coding, category, and main categories.Results: In the study, faculty members from different faculties including dentistry (n=8), public health (n=2), medicine (n=1), pharmacy (n=2), nursing and midwifery (n=2). 10 women (66.66%) and 5 men (33.33%) were participated in ESP. 15 educational scholarship projects developed by faculty members in the student assessment (n=9), teaching and learning (n=3), curriculum development (n=3) domains. The results showed the satisfaction score of participants was 4.8(0.14). The experience of participants in ESP was divided into four main categories including, motivator for change, experiential learning practice, change leadership capabilities, and executive difficulties.Conclusion: The results showed that the experience of empowerment courses based on experiential learning cycle helped participants acquire the key capabilities to design and execute scholarship projects. Although individual-motivational factors can be effective in the success of participants in implementing scholarship projects, resource development and system support are also required.
Humidity Sensor Based on Etched Optical Fibers Coated With Graphene Composite
Authors: Ostovari F. , Owji E. , Iran H. Mokhtari
Published: May 2021

In this research, optical humidity sensors based on etched-optical fibers coated with graphene Oxide (GO), silica gel (Sg) and a silica gel modified with GO (GSg) was studied. Their humidity sensing behavior was investigated by variation of relative differentiation of attenuation (RDA) in the presence of relative humidity (RH). As the results showed, etched fibers coated with Sg and GSg are highly capable of humidity sensing. However, a Sg- coated sample is not useful as humidity sensor related to sample coated by GSg because its RDA lacks a one-to-one correspondence with RH. As it was also found, the sensitivity of a GSg-coated sample is higher when the RH is below 40% and its repeatability is considerable.
Discordance Between Apolipoprotein B or Non-HDL-Cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol in Middle-aged and Elderly Chinese Patients Predicts Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Qu Geyue , Zhang Zhongying , Zhu Hong
Published: May 2021

Background: Discordance of lipid parameters is closely associated with residual cardiovascular risk. This study investigated the discordance between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), or apolipoprotein B (apoB), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and assessed arterial stiffness risk.Methods: This study included a total of 402 middle-aged and elderly Northern Chinese individuals, whose brachial-ankle pulse wave conduction velocity(baPWV), as well as clinical and biochemical data, were measured. Arterial stiffness was defined as the upper quartile of the baPWV. All participants were divided into four mutually exclusive concordance/discordance groups based on the lipid goal for very high-risk populations, according to the 2016 European Society of Cardiology / European Atherosclerosis Society guidelines. Discordance was defined as an LDL-C≥ 1.81mmol/L with non-HDL-C< 2.59mmol/L, or apoB <0.80mmol/L, or vice versa.Results: The mean age of the participants was 65.9±13.0 years, and 59.5% were male. The mean LDL-C was 2.41±0.81mmol/L, non-HDL-C 3.06±0.94mmol/L, and apoB 0.84±0.21mmol/L. LDL-C was observed to be discordant with non-HDL-C (20.1%) and apoB (30.8%). When stratified according to LDL-C levels, the baPWV was greater in those patients with higher non-HDL-C or apoB levels. The Spearman analysis showed a significant association between discordant lipid patterns and the presence of arterial stiffness(r= 0.131 and r=0.117, respectively). In the adjusted logistic regression model, low LDL-C and high non-HDL-C or apoB discordance were also associated with the risk of arterial stiffness (OR: 13.412 and OR: 13.054, respectively).Conclusions: There was discordance between the LDL-C and non-HDL-C, or apoB in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals, which was associated with a higher risk of arterial stiffness. The non-HDL-C or apoB levels could be used to identify individuals who could benefit from more intensive lipid modification.
A higher expression of P2X7 receptor at the site of heterotopic ossification promotes osteogenesis
Authors: Cheng Shi , Yin Pengbin , Li Yi , Chen Ming , Wang Duanyang , Lin Yuan , Zhang Siqi , Yu Haikuan , Chen Ruijing , Zhang Mingming , Yan Jinglong , Lv Songcen , Zhang Licheng , Tang Peifu
Published: May 2021

Background

Heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to a painful and complex disease. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as a key modulator of inflammation, is verified to promote the development of HO. However, the mechanism remains to be illustrated. The ionotropic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated ion channel expressed in the majority of stem cells. Here, this paper hypothesizes that P2X7R may be activated by extracellular ATP and promote osteogenesis of stem cells under inflammatory condition, ending up in the formation of ectopic bone.
Methods

The tenotomy puncture and burn injury-induced HO model was constructed. The expression of P2X7R was found increasing at the site of injured Achilles tendon where HO occurs. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultivated under an inflammatory condition plus Bz-ATP treatment which mimicked a microenvironment of HO site. An induction in P2X7R expression was also observed along with an enhancement of osteogenesis. In addition, an inhibition of P2X7R expression by its specific antagonist successfully reversed the above process.
Results

P2X7R expression of the Achilles tendon and osteogenic capability of SCs is higher in HOG than in other two groups. Bz-ATP promoted osteogenesis under inflammation condition. BBG impeded the heterotopic bone formation in animal model.
Conclusions

P2X7R is a crucial mediator in ATP-signaling promotion of HO, blocking which may represent a potential therapeutic target for HO.
Distribution of plutonium in the Pacific Ocean and implications for tracing of ocean circulation
Authors: Wu Junwen , Chen Jisheng , Wang Cui , Zheng Zhaoyong , Wang Liang
Published: May 2021

This study examined plutonium (Pu) sources and distribution in the Pacific Ocean based on extensive field datasets over the past 50 years. The basin wide 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in surface and deep seawater ranged from 0.192 to 0.279 averaging 0.235 ± 0.019, a value consistently higher than that of global fallout at ~ 0.180. The distribution of 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios exhibited a decreasing trend along the North Equatorial Current-Kuroshio to their extension areas. The activity levels of 239+240Pu in Pacific Ocean surface seawater ranged widely from 0.2 to 43.5 mBq m− 3, and increased with latitude. We determined the Pu sourced from the Pacific Proving Grounds (PPG) and global nuclear fallout in the Pacific Ocean based on the Pu isotopic composition. Using a mixing model, we found that the PPG made the dominant Pu contribution (average = 69.6 ± 14.4%) to Pacific Ocean surface seawater. The depth range of maximal 239+240Pu activity in the Pacific Ocean was well defined, averaging 608 ± 137 m. The vertical distribution of the 239+240Pu inventory showed most of Pu retained in the upper 3000 m, namely, the contributions of 239+240Pu inventories at 0-1000 m and 0-3000 m depths accounted for 43.5 ± 9.0% and 75.1 ± 12.0% of the total, respectively. We identified the transport pathway of Pu-PPG in the Pacific Ocean and demonstrated that Pu isotopes hold great promise as tracers of ocean circulation. Finally, via this extensive compilation of Pu isotopic compositions in the Pacific Ocean water, we established a Pu baseline in the region.
Immunological heterogeneity informs estimation of the durability of COVID-19 vaccine protection
Authors: de Cellès Matthieu Domenech , Wong Anabelle , Guevara Laura Barrero , Rohani Pejman
Published: May 2021

Deciphering the properties of vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is essential to predict the future course of the pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, current uncertainties about COVID-19 vaccine immunity raise the question of how much time will be needed to estimate these properties, in particular the durability of vaccine protection. Here we designed a simulation study, based on empirically validated epidemiological models of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, to predict the impact of a breadth of vaccines with different mean duration (range: 2–5 years) and heterogeneity (coefficient of variation range: 50–100%) of protection against infection. We then assessed how confidently the duration of protection could be estimated under a range of epidemiological scenarios in the year following the start of mass immunization. We found that lower population mean and higher inter-individual variability facilitated estimation of the duration of vaccine protection. Across the vaccines tested, high waning and high heterogeneity permitted complete identification of the duration of protection; in contrast, low waning and low heterogeneity allowed only estimation of the fraction of vaccinees with rapid loss of immunity. These findings suggest that key aspects of COVID-19 vaccine immunity can be estimated with limited epidemiological data. More generally, they highlight that immunological heterogeneity can sensitively determine the impact of COVID-19 vaccines and, it is likely, of other vaccines.
Relationship between physical activity times and intramuscular adipose tissue contents of the thigh muscle groups in younger and older men
Authors: Ogawa Madoka , Tanaka Noriko , Yoshiko Akito , Oshida Yoshiharu , Koike Teruhiko , Akima Hiroshi
Published: May 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of daily physical activities evaluated by steps and time on muscle tissue size and intramuscular adipose tissue (IntraMAT) content in the thigh muscle groups for younger and older men. Twenty younger (23.8 ± 3.7 years) and 20 older (70.7 ± 5.6 years) men participated in this study. We measured the muscle tissue cross-sectional area (CSA) and the IntraMAT content in the quadriceps femoris (QF), hamstrings (HM), hip adductors (AD), and total of mid-thigh by magnetic resonance imaging. We measured physical activity time using a triaxial accelerometer and determined four levels of physical activity depending on the metabolic equivalent (METs), e.g., sedentary (≤ 1.5 METs), light-intensity (≤ 2.9 METs), moderate-intensity (3.0 to 5.9 METs) and vigorous-intensity (≥ 6.0 METs). The muscle tissue CSA of AD was a significantly correlated with the time of vigorous-intensity activity in the older group (rs = 0.446, P < 0.05), but not in the younger group. The IntraMAT content of the three muscle groups (QF, AD, and HM) and the total thigh were significantly correlated with the time of moderate-intensity activity (rs = − 0.625 to − 0.489, P < 0.05, for all comparisons) in the younger group, but not in the older group. Our results suggest that the relationship of muscle tissue size and IntraMAT content with physical activity times is affected by age.
Modeling of external cylindrical grinding process using T1 tool steel
Authors: Nguyen Tuan-Linh
Published: May 2021

The selection of the optimal external cylindrical grinding conditions importantly contributes to increase of productivity and quality of the products. The external cylindrical grinding is a method of finishing machine elements surface with an indeterminate blade shape. External cylindrical grinding can process surfaces that require high gloss and precision, although it can also be used to remove large surplus stock. Therefore, multi objective optimization for the external cylindrical grinding process is a problem with high complexity. In this study, an experimental study was performed to improve the productivity and quality of grinding process. By using the experimental date, the surface roughness, cutting force, and vibrations were modeled. To achieve the minimum value of surface roughness and maximum value of material removal rate, the optimal values of external cylindrical grinding conditions were determined by using the combination of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and weighting method. The optimum values of surface roughness and material removal rate are 0.510 μm and 5.906 mm2/s, respectively. The obtained optimal values of cutting parameters were a feed rate of 0.3 mm/rev, a workpiece speed of 188.1 rpm, a cutting depth of 0.015 mm, and a workpiece Rockwell hardness of 54.78 HRC. The optimal values of cutting parameters, and workpiece hardness were successfully verified by comparing of experimental and predicted results. The approach method of this study can be applied in industrial machining to improve the productivity and quality of the products in external cylindrical grinding process of the T1 tool steel
A new approach in the development and analysis of the landslide susceptibility map of the hillslopes of Bujumbura, Burundi
Authors: Kubwimana Desire , Brahim Lahsen Ait , Abdelouafi Abdellah
Published: May 2021

As in other hilly and mountainous regions of the world, the hillslopes of Bujumbura are prone to landslides. In this area, landslides impact human lives and infrastructures. Despite the high landslide-induced damages, slope instabilities are less investigated. The aim of this research is to assess the landslide susceptibility using a probabilistic/statistical data modeling approach for predicting the initiation of future landslides. A spatial landslide inventory with their physical characteristics through interpretation of high-resolution optic imageries/aerial photos and intensive fieldwork are carried out. Base on in-depth field knowledge and green literature, let’s select potential landslide conditioning factors. A landslide inventory map with 568 landslides is produced. Out of the total of 568 landslide sites, 50 % of the data taken before the 2000s is used for training and the remaining 50 % (post-2000 events) were used for validation purposes. A landslide susceptibility map with an efficiency of 76 % to predict future slope failures is generated. The main landslides controlling factors in ascendant order are the density of drainage networks, the land use/cover, the lithology, the fault density, the slope angle, the curvature, the elevation, and the slope aspect. The causes of landslides support former regional studies which state that in the region, landslides are related to the geology with the high rapid weathering process in tropical environments, topography, and geodynamics. The susceptibility map will be a powerful decision-making tool for drawing up appropriate development plans in the hillslopes of Bujumbura with high demographic exposure. Such an approach will make it possible to mitigate the socio-economic impacts due to these land instabilities
Experimental implementation of thermal enhancement performance of air heat exchanger’s pipes utilizing unconventional turbulator
Authors: Ismaeel Ali Abdulwahab , Hussein Nassr Fadhil , Suffer Kadhim H. , Razlan Zuradzman M
Published: May 2021

Heat exchangers are widely used in industry, however, raising their performance are important for the variety of applications. Consequently, efficiency improvement associated with low production cost is considered in this experimental work. The current study aims to enhance the rate of heat transfer in pipe-type heat exchangers experimentally by using a novel nozzle as a turbulator. The cross-sectional shape of the nozzle is hexagonal, and the diameter ratio DR is equal to 0.5. Constant heat flux was maintained in the vicinity of the section of the test tube, while the working fluid was pumped into the open system at six discrete Reynolds number values ranging from 6000 to 19500. To investigate the effect of distance among the pieces, three turbulators with different numbers were assigned and named as (N=4, 5 and 6). The results indicated an increase of 172 %, 194 % and 216 % of the heat transfer rate for cases 4, 5 and 6 respectively comparing to the benchmark tube. On the other hand, the friction factor values increased remarkably due to the inserting of turbulators by about of 722.9 % for N=4, 823.9 % for N=5 and 886.7 % for N=6 compared to a plain tube case. Moreover, it has been established that with the insertion of 6 pieces two enhancements was observed; heat transfer rate and thermal performance, where, thermal performance of all cases exceeds unity (maximum thermal performance of 1.62 has been obtained by inserting 6 pieces of hexagonal nozzles turbulators). A comparison with another types of vortex generators shows the gap between the turbulator and heated surface offers a solution for problems occurred in the pipes of heat exchanger. The study therefore suggests a wider practical implementation of the turbulators
Adverbs in Contrast – Criteria for Distinguishing from Other Parts of Speech
Authors: Petronijevic Bozinka
Published: May 2021

This paper attempts at examining and determining, using the vast corpus of Serbian and German languages, whether the part of speech in question exists as such in each of these languages, as well as whether it (adverb) is a universal or specific language category. The research shows that most languages recognise the adverb as a distinctive part of speech, which implies that it is a universal category that can be defined according to the following criteria: a) morphological (adverbs have no flexions, but they undergo comparison with regard to the relative subclass) and syntactic (conditioned by verbs as nucleus, assuming in most cases the function of adverbials as verb complements; b) rare attributive function before nouns and adverbs themselves; c) differences between specific languages, German and Serbian included, are a result of their respective word formation systems. In this particular case, each of the two languages recognises relatively few simple words (simplizia); on the other hand, the explicit (suffixational) derivation is largely productive in Serbian, whereas there is a completely opposite situation in German concerning this issue (although the process is recorded in the latter as well); and, finally, adverb derivatives in Serbian correspond, as a rule, to adjectives and prepositional phrases functioning as adverbials in German.
Metaphoricity of Lexemes from the Lexical Field Family in English and Porodica in Serbian
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Philosophy, Radic Bojanic Biljana
Published: May 2021

Relying on the theory of conceptual metaphor, this paper contrastively analyses lexemes from the lexical field family in English (family, father, mother, son, daughter, sister, brother) and porodica in Serbian (porodica, otac, majka, sin, kći, sestra, brat). The aim of the paper is to establish similarities and differences between metaphorical meanings of these lexemes and, on the basis of that, to determine the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural similarities and differences between these two languages. The analysis is based on the material excerpted from monolingual dictionaries of English and Serbian. Numerous similarities have been established between the lexemes from this lexical field, which is probably a consequence of the common European cultural space and the Christian foundation upon which it rests.
Collocazioni nella didattica del serbo come lingua straniera
Authors:   University of Turin, Department for Foreign Languages, Literatures and Modern Cultures, Perisic Olja
Published: May 2021

Nella presente ricerca saranno presentati i risultati di una sperimentazione condotta in una classe di studenti di prima annualità presso l’Università di Torino. Scopo di questa indagine è ricavare alcune conclusioni circa l’efficacia del procedimento DDL-data driven learning nell’apprendimento lessico-grammaticale a livello principiante. I primi studi sui corpora hanno evidenziato la tendenza delle parole a co-occorrere con determinate altre parole, creando nel contesto una serie di pattern lessico-grammaticali noti come collocazioni. Nello studio delle lingue straniere, il lexical approach, cioè lo studio basato sulle collocazioni e non più sulle parole isolate, risulta particolarmente significativo. Anche la componente grammaticale non deve essere oggetto di studi separati, bensì va sempre e comunque affrontata come parte integrante delle collocazioni, intese come unità semantiche ma anche sintattiche e grammaticali. Utilizzando appositi software per l’analisi dei corpora lo studente può essere coinvolto nell’osservazione di tutti gli elementi che caratterizzano una parola come unità semanticogrammaticale: collocazione, colligazione, prosodia semantica e preferenza semantica. In questa sede verranno presentati alcuni esempi tratti dalla ricerca svolta in classe durante il lavoro individuale con gli studenti, con la speranza che possano stimolare la curiosità di quanti si occupano dell’insegnamento del serbo come LS.
Becoming a Pioneer in an Initiation Ceremony in Serbian ABC Book (1974)
Authors: Puskar Natasa
Published: May 2021

This article analyses visual representation of becoming a pioneer in a Serbian ABC book (1974) by using the social semiotics approach. The analysis deals with visual representations of pioneers with Tito and the ceremony of becoming a pioneer. Narrative representations are determined as action process with separately analysed actors, interactors, vectors, goals and means. The Modality analysis showed that ceremony of becoming a pioneer is a kind of initiation, a way of stepping into the world of adults. Pioneer’s hats are represented by the colour green, instead of blue, which serves as a connection with partisans who liberated the country in the Second World War. This sends the message that every pioneer is a partisan descendant and also a potential member of the Jugoslav People’s Army.
Lexico – Semantic Transfer in the Interlanguage of Serbophone Students Learning Italian as L2 and Spanish as L3
Authors: Vujovic Marija
Published: May 2021

Lexical transfer, ie the influence of the student's knowledge of a word of one language on the knowledge or use of words in the target language is an important cognitive process in learning a new language students often use as a compensation strategy. This paper deals with errors in the interlanguage of L1 Serbian students learning two typologically similar languages: Italian and Spanish, which arose as a consequence of lexico - semantic transfer. The most frequent errors caused by lexico - semantic transfer were identified and classified by the method of error analysis. An extremely large number of cases of lexico-semantic transfer were found in the corpus. All errors are classified into five categories: loan translations, semantic extension, cognates or false friends, hybrids and complete language shifts. In all cases, the negative lexical transfer occurred with words that are similar in Italian and Spanish. The errors in the written production in Spanish did not originate from the typologically distant, although the most dominant language of the students - Serbian as L1, but from the typologically similar Italian as L2. This proves the hypothesis that in typologically similar languages, lexical transfer is the most common and also that the factors of language distance and psychotypology are the key linguistic factors that will cause the transfer. Moreover, this kind of transfer was mainly used as a compensation strategy that students relied on to fill lexical gaps in situations where they did not have sufficient knowledge of the target language. Among the lexical errors, the largest number concerns cognates or false friends and hybrids. On the other hand, examples of loan translations or calques and semantic extensions were not frequent, so we conclude that the transfer of form (lexical transfer) is more frequent than the transfer of meaning (semantic transfer).
Orwellʼs Panoptic Society: Methods of Gaining and Maintaining Power in Nineteen Eighty-Four
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology and Arts, Stojanović Aleksandra
Published: May 2021

The goal of the paper is to demonstrate Orwell’s society as a panoptic one, employing all of the elements of Jeremy Bentham’s Panoptical model, as well as presenting it through Foucault’s conception of the shift from punishment to discipline as stated in Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Panopticon will be presented not as a model of a prison as it was initially intended to be, but as a concept which can be applied to the entire society. The two types of power, the power of sovereignty and disciplinary power shall be applied to the novel with the aim of finding parallels between the two mentioned systems, as well as some possible contraditions and deciding which system is in place in Nineteen Eighty-Four. Constant surveillance, establishing routines and controlling activity will be discussed in terms of mechanisms for gaining and maintaining power. Hate is seen as another mechanism for establishing power and one of the key emotions implemented in group psychology of a totalitarian regime. We shall discuss the role of the collective and the individual in power relations and the way they form ”collective individualism” – a society in which one may notice both a unity of the group and an isolated individual.
On Antique Books from Goražde
Authors:   University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Philology, Čolaković Vera
Published: May 2021

Review of: Samardžić, Biljana (2019), Starostavne goraždanske knjige. Ortografija i jezik knjiga Goraždanske štamparije, Beograd – Banja Luka: IK „Filip Višnjić” – SPKD Prosvjeta, str. 423, ilustr.
Imaging and Clinical Features of Neurocutaneous Melanosis in the
Pediatric Population
Authors: Mormina Enricomaria , Granata Francesca , Vinci Sergio Lucio , Coglitore Alessandra , Caragliano Antonio Armando , Tessitore Agostino , Longo Marcello , Visalli Carmela
Published: May 2021

Background:

Neurocutaneous Melanosis (NCM) is a rare nonfamilial phakomatosis
characterized by the presence of congenital melanocytic nevi and abnormal melanocyte infiltration
of the leptomeninges.

Objective & Methods:

This paper shows the importance of early diagnosis and the most important
imaging features of the disease on CT and MR scans. PubMed database was searched from January
1972 to September 2020. Papers including imaging findings of NCM, clinical, follow-up, and
treatment features were collected, selecting only 89 studies.

Discussion:

NCM is a term used for the first time by van Bogaert in 1948. It refers to a condition
caused by an error during morphogenesis and migration leading to leptomeningeal melanocytic accumulation.
Although histological findings are the gold standard for diagnosis confirmation, neuroimaging
and clinical features strongly support the suspect of NCM. Localization and extension of
the lesions are predictive of neurological manifestations related to increased intracranial pressure,
mass lesions, or spinal cord compression. CT demonstrates sites of increased density in the anterior
temporal lobe, mainly the amygdala, thalami, cerebellum, and frontal lobes base. However, MRI is
the best imaging method to diagnose central nervous system lesions, often appearing as T1-short
signal areas of the cerebral parenchyma, indicative of central nervous system melanosis. MRI can
also reveal associated intracranial and intraspinal abnormalities.

Conclusion:

Early imaging, when available, is helpful if NCM suspect is raised and may be of guidance
in comparing later studies. NCM requires a multidisciplinary approach since it is a multisystem
disease with a genetic component.
Biologically Active Phytochemicals: A Brief Appraisal
Authors: Mahajan Ayush , Rana Pulkit , Singh Dilpreet , Singh Kuldeep
Published: May 2021

Aim/Objective:

Phytochemicals are considered an ideal candidate for the production of
anticancer drugs due to their pleiotropic activity on multi-mode target events.

Materials And Methods:

Plants are ideal reservoirs for new chemical entities and provide a promising
cancer research line. Cancer cells can be formed through different types of mutations, including
Point mutation, DNA amplification, chromosomal rearrangement, Epigenetic mutation.

Results And Discussion:

Products derived from plants are a groundbreaking area because they are
eco-friendly, low-cost, Easy, simple, safer, and less toxic compared to other methods of treatment.
Vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, camptothecin, cryptolepine, and its analogues, berberine,
Antofine, curcumin, ginsenoside, fisetin, chelerythrine, chelidonine, clivorine, clathrodin, dibromophakellstatin,
etc are some potential phytochemicals.

Conclusion:

The review provides in-depth details of structure, properties, mechanism of action and
potential anti-cancer activity of phytochemicals derived from plant sources.
The Expanding Role of Digital Therapeutics in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Dang Amit , Dang Dimple , Rane Pawan
Published: May 2021

One of the few positive outcomes of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is that it has enhanced the pace of digitalisation of healthcare. Among various facets of digital health, Digital Therapeutics (DTx) is unique as it offers evidence-based interventions for preventing, managing, or treating specific disorders. It is different from wellness apps because it requires evidence from a clinical trial or real-world settings and is bound by regulatory approval and clearance. The DTx market is expected to grow exponentially in the post-COVID era, and there are multiple drivers for the same. After the onset of the pandemic, the viewpoint of various stakeholders of the DTx market, including the patients, prescribers, payers, and pharma industry, have changed significantly. Regulatory bodies have also started to realise the importance of DTx. This review provides an overview of the present status and future potential of DTx considering the COVID-19 pandemic.
Kontribusi Literasi Kesehatan Mental dan Persepsi Stigma Publik terhadap Sikap Mencari Bantuan Profesional Psikologi
Authors: Maya Nanda
Published: May 2021

Angka penderita gangguan mental di Indonesia terus meningkat secara signifikan dari tahun ke tahun. Namun, masyarakat pada negara-negara dengan pendapatan menengah ke bawah (termasuk Indonesia) cenderung untuk meminta bantuan penyembuh tradisional daripada tenaga profesional kesehatan mental dalam menangani gangguan mental. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi yang diberikan oleh literasi kesehatan mental dan persepsi stigma publik terhadap sikap mencari bantuan profesional psikologi. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, dengan desain penelitian regresi. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 349 remaja berusia 18-24 tahun yang berdomisili di Kota Bandung. Data dari penelitian ini dianalisis dengan teknik analisis regresi linear sederhana. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa literasi kesehatan mental secara signifikan berkontribusi terhadap sikap mencari bantuan profesional psikologi (F = 63,130; p < 0,05), dan persepsi stigma publik terbukti tidak memberi kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap sikap mencari bantuan profesional psikologi (p > 0,05).
Model Penahan Ketinggian Quadrotor Berbasis PID dengan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Propagasi Mundur
Authors: Faisal Fajri Rahani  , Dinan Yulianto
Published: May 2021

Quadrotor adalah salah satu jenis Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) atau wahana terbang tanpa awak yang dapat terbang dengan kendali jarak jauh maupun menggunakan kendali otomatis. Dalam melakukan misinya, quadrotor memerlukan sistem kendali yang baik. Salah satu sistem kendali dalam sistem quadrotor adalah sistem kendali ketinggian. Kendali ketinggian akan mengendalikan quadrotor seusai ketinggian yang diinginkan walaupun terdapat gangguan dan beban quadrotor itu sendiri. Metode kendali yang banyak digunakan adalah kendali PID. Kendali PID menghasilkan respons yang kurang baik karena konstanta PID yang bersifat tetap, sedangkan gangguan saat quadrotor terbang akan berubah-ubah. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini menawarkan kendali yang dapat menyesuaikan diri saat terkena gangguan tertentu. Metode yang ditawarkan adalah kendali PID dengan Jaringan Saraf Tiruan (JST). Sistem JST akan menala komponen PID secara real-time sesuai gangguan yang terjadi. Penggunaan PID dengan JST menghasilkan respons rise time lebih cepat 0,0594 detik, overshoot turun 7,58%, steady state error turun ±0,0672, dan settling time turun 1,031 detik dibandingkan dengan PID konvensional. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa PID dengan JST menghasilkan respons kendali yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan PID saja.
Estimasi Kondisi Muatan dan Kondisi Kesehatan Baterai VRLA dengan Metode RVP
Authors: Widjajanto Danang , Beny Maulana Achsan  , Fajar Muhammad Noor Rozaqi  , Augie Widyotriatmo  , Edi Leksono
Published: May 2021

Optimalisasi penggunaan baterai, termasuk baterai VRLA yang sering digunakan untuk keperluan penyimpanan energi dalam jumlah besar dengan harga yang rendah, biasa diupayakan dengan menyelenggarakan Sistem Manajemen Baterai (SMB). Untuk melakukan SMB, dibutuhkan informasi tentang Kondisi Muatan (KM) dan Kondisi Kesehatan (KK) baterai. KM didefinisikan sebagai rasio kapasitas sisa baterai saat ini dengan kapasitas baterai sebelum pengosongan, sedangkan KK baterai ialah rasio antara kapasitas penuh terukur terhadap kapasitas nominalnya pada saat baterai masih dalam keadaan baru beroperasi. Yang menjadi permasalahan, kedua informasi tersebut tidak dapat diukur secara langsung. Estimasi KM dan KK dapat dilakukan secara tidak langsung dengan menggunakan parameter-parameter yang mudah diukur, terutama tegangan dan arus pada terminal baterai. Makalah ini menggunakan metode Coulomb Counting (CC) dan Regresi Vektor Pendukung (RVP) untuk mengestimasi KM dan KK baterai VRLA yang digunakan sebagai energi cadangan sistem nanogrid yang ada di laboratorium. Makalah ini menggunakan modul mesin pembelajaran Python yang memungkinkan implementasi RVP dengan berbagai jenis kernel, di antaranya kernel linear, kernel polinomial, dan kernel RBF. Pengujian yang dilakukan menggunakan modul grid search menunjukkan bahwa kinerja terbaik diperoleh ketika menggunakan kernel RBF.
Mobilitas Manusia dan Tingkat Penyebaran Covid-19: Sebuah Analisis Kuantitatif
Authors: Edi Nugroho Lukito , Arkham Zahri Rakhman
Published: May 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 menimbulkan banyak ketidakpastian dan sering kali pengambilan keputusan harus diambil tanpa dukungan fakta yang meyakinkan. Penyajian fakta berbasis data kuantitatif menjadi faktor penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas keputusan. Makalah ini bertujuan membangun dukungan bagi penyajian fakta terkait situasi pandemi melalui pendekatan kuantitatif. Dengan menggunakan data mobilitas masyarakat dan data pertambahan kasus harian Covid-19, makalah ini menganalisis korelasi antara kedua faktor tersebut di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Korelasi dihitung antara pertambahan kasus harian Covid-19 dengan mobilitas pada enam jenis area yang dapat dikaitkan dengan aktivitas social gathering. Pada rentang waktu selama Maret 2020 sampai dengan Maret 2021, korelasi antara pertambahan harian kasus Covid-19 dan mobilitas masyarakat pada semua area cenderung rendah (koefisien korelasi berkisar dari 0,03 sampai dengan 0,33). Hal ini mengindikasikan terbentuknya mekanisme social distancing akibat penurunan tingkat mobilitas masyarakat, yang membuat tingkat penyebaran Covid-19 relatif terkontrol. Pada rentang waktu yang lebih pendek dan mengandung lonjakan-lonjakan mobilitas ke area-area tujuan publik yang dipicu oleh beberapa libur panjang, korelasi antara pertambahan kasus harian Covid-19 dengan aktivitas ‘tinggal di rumah’ meningkat secara drastis (koefisien korelasi 0,64). Hal ini menjelaskan fenomena penyebaran virus Covid-19 lebih dicirikan dengan penularan melalui klaster keluarga.
Pelatihan Teknik Komunikasi bagi Kader Jumantik untuk Meningkatkan Peran sebagai Edukator Masyarakat
Authors: Ernawati Kholis , Purwaningsih Endang , Poerwanto Eko , Caninsti Riselligia , Mardhiyah Dian
Published: May 2021

Tugas kader jumantik selain sebagai pemantau jentik juga diharapkan sebagai edukator masyarakat. Masyarakat yang teredukasi diharapkan terlibat aktif sebagai jumantik mandiri di rumahnya masing-masing. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan peran  kader jumantik sebagai edukator warga di Kelurahan Serdang melalui pelatihan teknik komunikasi. Sasaran kegiatan berjumlah 20 orang kader jumantik yang merupakan perwakilan dari setiap RW di Kelurahan Serdang. Pelatihan dilaksanakan pada 12 Februari 2019 di kampus Universitas YARSI. Media pelatihan yang digunakan adalah power point presentation (ppt), video, dan alat peraga. Pelatihan dilaksanakan dengan metode ceramah, role play, diskusi, dan praktik. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan peserta meningkat, yaitu 75% (sebelum pelatihan) menjadi 90% (setelah pelatihan). Hasil analisis bivariate menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada tingkat pengetahuan kader jumantik tentang teknik komunikasi pre dan post pelatihan ( ). Dalam pelatihan teknik komunikasi bagi kader jumantik perlu digunakan metode lain agar berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan peran kader. Selain itu, juga perlu dilakukan kegiatan pelatihan teknik komunikasi untuk semua kader jumantik serta pelatihan lanjutan bagi kader jumantik yang telah mengikuti pelatihan sebelumnya. Pelatihan-pelatihan tersebut bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan komunikasi kader jumantik dengan metode praktik langsung, yaitu sebagai edukator masyarakat di wilayah tugas masing-masing.
Analysis on Criminal Governance of Bitcoin-related Corruption Cases
Authors: Zize Zhang
Published: May 2021

Bitcoin is extremely easy to be used in corruption cases due to its pseudonym, easy circulation, easy cross-border and other characteristics. As a decentralized electronic account book, the circulation of regulatory funds is jointly confirmed by each node in the bitcoin network, which can ensure the authenticity of the criminal evidence and is not easy to be lost or damaged. It provides great convenience for evidence collection in bitcoin corruption cases. However, there are also shackles in criminal governance, such as how to prove the subjective intent of the bribe takers, the impact of fluctuations in market value on the identification of the case and, most importantly, how to effectively recover stolen goods across borders. Therefore, the difficulty of bitcoin-related cases does not lie in the “anonymity” that some scholars believe, but lies in the determination of subjective intent, the determination of the amount of the crime and the international judicial assistance in recovering the stolen money.
Research on Related Problems of Adult Doll Experience Store
Authors: Yujun Cong
Published: May 2021

The establishment of adult doll experience hall has aroused great controversy. Objectively speaking, this kind of experience hall has certain positive effects, but also has certain potential risks. According to the current laws and regulations, operating an adult doll experience store does not constitute a crime, nor does it constitute a general offense. In practice, the health problems of experience stores are not prominent, which can be avoided through daily business activities and supervision activities; Basically, there is no physical or psychological damage to minors. Relevant departments should treat this new industry correctly, perfect legislation and implement administration according to law.