bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salicylic acid effect on the mechanism of Lelliottia amnigena causing potato soft rot
Authors: Osei Richard , Yang Chengde , Cui Lingxiao , Wei Lijuan , Jin Mengjun , Boamah Solomon
Published: December 2021

Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in protecting plants from biotic stresses. Lelliottia amnigena is a newly identified potato soft rot pathogen and there are no adequate studies on this soft rot pathogen. Therefore, this paper focussed on the effect of SA on the mechanism under which L. amnigena causes potato soft rot. L. amnigena was examined and detected to secrete pectinase, proteases, pectin lyase and cellulase, which are the most important pathogenic enzymes involved in the production of plant diseases. Sterilised healthy potato tubers were inoculated with 0.2 mL of L. amnigena suspension (3.69 CFU · mL−1 × 107 CFU · mL−1). After 24 h, 200 μL of four different SA concentrations (0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 1.5 mM and 2.0 mM) were used to treat the tubers. Co-culture of L. amnigena and SA significantly reduced the activity of pectinase, protease, pectin lyase and cellulase by an average of 33.8%, 43.4%, 67.7% and 46.9%, across the four concentrations (0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 1.5 mM and 2.0 mM), respectively, compared to the control. The average disease index was reduced by 54.7% across the four SA concentrations. Treatment with SA induced transcriptional levels of the superoxide dismutase, peroxide, catalase and glutathione S-transferase across the four levels by an average of 3.87, 3.25, 3.97 and 3.94-fold, respectively, compared to control. Based on our results, we could state that SA could reduce the activities of these extracellular enzymes produced by L. amnigena by modulating both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities and gene expression that induce natural resistance in plants against bacterial infections.
Ecogenesis and primary soil formation on the East European Plain. A review
Authors: Abakumov Evgeny V. , Koptseva Elena M.
Published: December 2021

Numerous published studies have shown that soil formation, including primary pedogenesis, is closely connected functionally, energetically and operationally with ecogenesis as a key biogenic exploration mechanism of the Earth’s surface by living organisms. The ontogenetic stage of soil evolution, especially in the initial phases, is determined by geogenic conditions and the intensity and trends of biogenic-accumulative processes in the developing ecosystem. Primary soils are considered critical in the rapid development of the initial ancient biosphere, supporting multiple environmental possibilities for ecosystems in that stage of their formation. Currently, similar models of correlated soil formation and ecogenesis are actualised when new substrates appear suitable for biogenic-abiogenic interactions, which occur in both natural and anthropogenic landscapes. Biotic factors during primary pedogenesis have accumulative and transformative effects on the edaphic component complex. At this stage, the initial pedon is a key functional stage in the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems (biogeocenosis). When restoration of natural ecosystems occurs during the independent growth of exposed substrates, the natural regeneration mechanisms normally occur. These processes are based on the biogenic development of the substrate through the accumulation and transformation of organic matter.
Evaluation of Achillea, Matricaria, and Anthemis plants following selection for drought tolerance at seedling stages
Authors: Shanjani Parvin Salehi , Rasoulzadeh Leila , Javadi Hamideh
Published: December 2021

The genetic potentials of eight species of Achillea (A. millefolium, A. fillipendulla, A. biebersteinii, A. nobilis, A. eriophora), Matricaria (M. ricotita), and Anthemis (An. haussknechtii and An. tinctoria) under drought conditions during the seedling stage were measured. Non-ionic water-soluble polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight 6000) was used to simulate water stress at five osmotic potential levels (0, –0.3, –0.6, –0.9, and –1.2 MPa). An acceptable threshold value for germination was osmotic potential –0.6 MPa, and the modest osmotic potential was –1.2 MPa for studied taxa. Seedlings of germinated at two control and osmotic potential –0.6 MPa (as an acceptable threshold value for germination) treatments were sowed in a field under rainfed conditions. Genetic differentiation of control plants (CP) versus early selected plants (ESP, germinated at osmotic potential –0.6 MPa) was studied using morphological, physiological, and molecular (ISSR) markers. No significant differences were observed between morphological traits of CP and ESP in all species, however, days to full flowering shortened in ESP. The physiological results demonstrate that under rainfed conditions, the ESP, in a quick response, collect osmolytes and amplify the activity of antioxidative enzymes to survive drought. The genetic relationship in the group of genotypes, that ISSR marker set it out, is affiliated to taxon even though AMOVA showed a partial differentiation between CP and ESP groups (21%). It was concluded that the selection of tolerating individuals at the seedling stage represents a likely positive strategy to have higher drought tolerance feature in plants under rainfed conditions.
Die mythische Existenz eines Romans und seine Wirklichkeit. Ein Prosamanuskript der siebenbürgischen Dichterin Gerda Mieß
Authors: Wittstock Joachim
Published: December 2021

Gerda Mieß (born in Bistrita in 1896, dies in Cisnădie in 1954), is know for her verses published in periodicals and anthologies as well as for only collection of her poems (by Dr. Stefan Sienerth in 1987 in Kriterion Verlag Bucharest published). People interested in the history of literature knew that she had also written a novel in her youth, which, howeser, never came to the public during her lifetime or afterwards. Her descendants (the Herbert-László family) hade the manuscript prose work translated into computer script and took steps to publish the novel. It offers an insight into the mentality and behavior of the time around 1910, into the school system of the time and the problems of that time and the problems of women (education and employment of women).
Ungarndeutsche Literatur als Möglichkeit ungarndeutscher Identitätsbildung
Authors: Propszt Eszter
Published: December 2021

This paper examines meaning-making processes in the contemporary Hungarian German literature as processes of identity construction. I give a description of exemplary identity models provided by this literature and discuss, how the models have established themselves and what has led to their modification, destabilization or replacement. The research method implemented in the paper offers a systematic insight into the sociological formation principles of the models and also into their ideological determination, moreover, it allows the question to be asked, to what extent the models can contribute to orientation in their social and historic context.
Ästhetische Darstellungsformen der kommunistischen Vergangenheit in Carmen Francesca Bancius Lebt Wohl, Ihr Genossen und Geliebten! (2018)
Authors: Spiridon Claudia
Published: December 2021

Carmen Francesca Bancius trilogy that includes the novels Vaterflucht (1998), Das Lied der traurigen Mutter (2007) und Lebt Wohl, Ihr Genossen und Geliebten! (2018) make from a cultural-historical perspective individual and collective memory processes in post-communist Romania visible. Her last work shows most clearly what shifts the culture of remembrance underwent in post-communist Romania, and how the tone of remembrance changed from a radical criticism of the system in the 1990s to a conciliatory narrative in the 2000s. Considering the dominant memory discourses in non-literary spaces, the present contribution analyses the aesthetic possibilities that Banciu explores in order to humanize the image of the unscrupulous communist official that dominated her narrative in Vaterflucht (1998), and Das Lied der traurigen Mutter (2007).
Zwischen Fiktion und historischer Realität: Gusel Jachinas Roman Wolgakinder
Authors: Galter Sunhild
Published: December 2021

Gusel Jachina is a Russian writer. Her grandfather, a former German teacher in one of the villages along the Volga River, founded by German colonists, inspired her second novel “Wolgakinder” (Children of the Volga). She presents over 20 years of eventful history as it is seen by Jakob Bach, a German teacher in the village Gnadental on the banks of the Volga. It is an opulent novel of 600 pages, written in a rather baroque style, trying to not only present historic events from the beginning of the Soviet era but to recreate the atmosphere of those years full of Ups and Downs not only for the German speaking population.
Interkultureller Dialog und deutsche Landeskunde in Temeswar
Authors: Nubert Roxana , Dascălu-Romiţan Ana-Maria
Published: December 2021

Here the German language acts as a bridge between Eastern and Western Europe playing an important role. It is exactly on the Banat with its multicultural tradition that many hopes are pinned. The introduction of the subject German Cultural Studies within the framework of the Communication Sciences at the “Polytechnic” University Timișoara is only a stepping stone, but in the given context this is however a sign that betokens our will to participate in the task of building the linguistic and cultural bridge. The present paper elaborates on starting points towards a cultural history of the Banat.
Zu den Heiligennamen „Bartholomäus“ und „Johannes“ im Siebenbürgisch-Sächsischen, die auf biblische Heilige und deren Geburtstage zurückgehen
Authors: Haldenwang Sigrid
Published: December 2021

The article initially covers the historical information regarding two biblical saints „Saint Bartholomew“ and „John the Baptist“ and their birthdays. In vernacular documents from 1900 to 1980 inclusively, the Transylvanian-Saxon names „Bartholomew“ and „John“ were related to the respective saint. The vernacular documents show that their birthdays were playing a role in seasonal determination for peasant work as well as being used in descriptive country sayings, in idioms and in traditional customs. The case examples are taken from the Transylvanian-Saxon Dictionary, the North Transylvanian Dictionary, as well as relevant specialist and vernacular literature.
Landeskunde im DaF-Unterricht: kognitiv, kommunikativ, interkulturell oder diskursiv?
Authors: Nicolaescu Alexandra
Published: December 2021

Information about culture and civilization has always been an integrated part of the courses for German as a foreign language. In the past few decades were developed several theoretical approaches regarding that aspect, for example the cognitive, the communicative or the inter-cultural approach. In course books and learning materials the culture and civilization component is most of the times related with the linguistic component, but recently, influenced by the development of the field of cultural studies, the cultural discourse has also become a priority. In the following article my aim is to depict to what extent this paradigm shift on a theoretical level is being reflected in learning materials. While the first part of the article is dedicated to the theoretical aspect, in the second part I intend to analyze examples of exercises and worksheets with regard to the educational objective.
Die Angst war „Ein Gefängnis ohne Mauern”1 Rezension zu: Spiridon-Șerbu, Claudia: Zensur in der rumäniendeutschen Literatur der 1970er und 1980er-Jahre. Wien: LIT Verlag 2018. ISBN 978-3-643-90998-5. Reihe: Osteuropa Bd. 12., 272 S.
Authors: Sass Maria
Published: December 2021

The present article is an interpretation of Claudia Spiridon-Șerbu’s study on censorship in Romania during the last 30 years of communist rule. Drawing on unreleased documents from the CNSAS (National Council for the Study of the Securitate Archives) Archive dwelling on German ethnic authors from Romania, the author paints a vivid picture of the complex phenomenon of literary censorship. The study follows both the official censorship undertaken by the General Office for Press and Publishing and the unofficial prosecution of writers by Securitate agents and their collaborators.
Rezension: Kronstädter Beiträge zur germanistischen Forschung, Band 20: Gesehenes, Gehörtes, Erdachtes. Kulturelle, literarische und sprachliche Paradigmen und Strategien der (rumänien)deutschen Postmoderne. Aldus Verlag, Kronstadt:2020
Authors: Greavu Alexandra
Published: December 2021

The present paper reviews the articles published in the 20th volume of the Kronstädter Beiträge zur germanistischen Forschung, which focus on a variety of postmodern elements found within German culture, language, and literature. A special emphasis is set on the person and works of the German author living in Romania Joachim Wittstock, whom the given volume has been dedicated to, on the occasion of his 80th birthday.
Rezension zu: Dácz, Enikö/ Réka Jakabházi (Hgg.): Literarische Rauminszenierungen in Zentraleuropa. Kronstadt/Brașov/Brassó in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Regensburg: Pustet Verlag 2020, 344 S., ISBN 978-3-7917-3222-0
Authors: Galter Sunhild
Published: December 2021

The following review presents an anthology about literary presentations of space or field as a concept described by Pierre Bourdieu in Central Europe. The anthology is conceived as a case study on the plurilingual Transylvanian town of Brașov in the first half of the 20th century and is the result of a six-year-project at the Institute for Culture and History of Southeastern Europe in Munich. The editors are Enikö Dácz and Réka Jakabházi.
Strategic thinkers and their characteristics: toward a multimethod typology development
Authors: Piórkowska Katarzyna , Witek-Crabb Anna , Lichtarski Janusz M. , Wilczyński Maciej , Wrona Sylwia
Published: December 2021

Objective

We aimed to explore the strategic thinking concept by searching for differences within the population of strategic thinkers to contribute to the development of the “strategic thinking” concept.

Methods applied

To answer the research questions and achieve the research aim, we implemented the following research methods: a systematic literature review and biographical studies.

Findings

(1) As the first stage in researching strategic thinking, the qualitative approach is recommended. (2) The main features of strategic thinkers are a strategic perspective and a reflective style of thinking. (3) Two groups of differentiating features have been identified: features concerning the content of strategic thinking; and features concerning the process of strategic thinking.

Originality/value

Most academic research on strategic thinkers concentrates on the common characteristics and similarities, while little attention has been paid to features that internally differentiate the population of strategic thinkers. Our main contribution to the literature is filling this knowledge gap.
Effect of Small Sided Game Duration with Floater Player on Internal and External Load of Female Handball Players
Authors: Belka Jan , Hulka Karel , Riedel Vaclav , Safar Michal
Published: December 2021

Introduction.
The present study deals with the effect of the duration of small-sided games (SSGs) with a floater player on the external (covered distance) and internal (heart rate) load of the elite female players.

Material and methods.
The research group consisted of nine professional elite female team handball field players (age 22.8 ± 4.5 years) playing in the first international league for female players in the Czech Republic. Their height was 170.4 ± 6.4 cm, weight 67.7 ± 9.2 kg, and maximal heart rate 200.2 ± 3.3 beats∙min-1. The duration of the SSGs was 4 (SSG4) minutes, 5 (SSG5) minutes, and 6 (SSG6) minutes.

Results.
The highest heart rate value of 177.2 ± 9.9 beats / minute resp. 88.5 ± 4.4% HRmax was measured in SSG5. The lowest mean heart rate values were measured at SSG6 of 172.01 ± 15.7 beats / min resp. 85.9 ± 6.8% HRmax. Most time 38 resp. 34% of the drill time, players were in the 85-90% HRmax load intensity zone of SSG4 and SSG5. There was a statistically significant difference in load intensity zones of 80-85% HRmax and ≥ 95% HRmax between SSG5 and SSG6 and p = .008 (η2
p = 0.22) and .013 (η2
p = 0.26), respectively. In the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) evaluation, there was a statistically significant difference in SSG6 and SSG4 p = .003 (η2
p = 0.27) and between SSG6 and SSG5 p = .004 (η2
p = 0.25). The total longest distance in SSG6 was 786.8 ± 41.9 m, but in the one-minute drill the longest average distance in SSG4 was 136.2 ± 21.1 metres per minute.

Conclusions
. SSGs with a floater are a suitable means for training technical and tactical activities in handball with an overlap into fitness training in women’s handball. According to our results, the intensity of the load will not decrease if we increase the game time to six minutes and also the covered distance will not decrease during the game.
Growth Kinetic Model for Microalgae Cultivation in Open Raceway Ponds: A System Dynamics Tool
Authors: Romagnoli Francesco , Weerasuriya-Arachchige Anton Rayan Priyasad Perera , Paoli Riccardo , Feofilovs Maksims , Ievina Baiba
Published: December 2021

Microalgae culture has the potential to play an essential role in the application of circular economy principles. Microalgae cultivation allows utilizing industrial side-waste streams while ensuring biomass for a wide range of applications in the industrial sector. Specifically, cultivation in outdoor open raceway ponds are a preferred solution due to low costs, ease of operation and large-scale application. However, the economic viability of the cultivation system largely depends on the amount of biomass produced, the technology implemented and the microalgae species and strains. For this purpose, screening of numerous physical, chemical, and environmental factors affecting microalgae growth must be performed before implementing large-scale microalgae cultivation systems. Furthermore, to obtain the highest biomass yield, the design and operating parameters for open raceway pond cultivation must be investigated in depth. Therefore, this study proposes a kinetic growth model for microalgae cultivation in open raceway ponds based on System Dynamics modelling approach. The proposed model aims at overcoming the major problems of existing growth evaluation tools such as separate assessment of different parameters, high complexity, time consumption and other challenges. The proposed system dynamics model proves to be a simple yet powerful tool for modelling the behaviour of algae biomass in an open raceway pond.
DAYA DUKUNG LINGKUNGAN UNTUK FUNGSI LINDUNG SITUS GUA BERINGIN DAN GUA CARANO DANAU SINGKARAK, SUMATERA BARAT [THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUPPORTING FUNCTIONS FOR PROTECTION OF BARINGIN AND CARANO CAVE SITES IN THE SINGKARAK LAKE, WEST SUMATERA]
Authors: - Nenggih Susilowati , Hidayati Dyah , Juli Dwi Astuti Anik , Hidayat Teguh , Chandra Dodi
Published: December 2021

Lingkungan merupakan faktor penting bagi kehidupan di masa lalu hingga kini yang memiliki potensi sebagai sumber penghidupan manusia, seperti sumber air dan makanan. Manusia memiliki kemampuan adaptasi yang baik terhadap lingkungannya, dengan mengeksploitasi lingkungan dan menciptakan teknologi yang selaras dengan kebudayaannya. Adapun permasalahan yang akan dibahas pertama, bagaimana gambaran daya dukung lingkungan untuk fungsi lindung bagi keberlangsungan situs Gua Carano dan Gua Beringin di sekitar Danau Singkarak. Kedua, bagaimana nilai penting situs bagi penelitian dan pelestarian. Kemudian tujuannya adalah mengetahui daya dukung lingkungan untuk fungsi lindung bagi keberlangsungan situs Gua Carano dan Gua Beringin di sekitar Danau Singkarak. Selain itu bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai penting situs bagi penelitian dan pelestarian. Metode yang diterapkan adalah kualitatif menggunakan alur penalaran induktif. Hipotesisnya adalah lingkungan mempengaruhi budaya yang berkembang pada situs tersebut di masa lalu,dan  perubahan yang terjadi di sekitarnya akan mempengaruhi situsnya. Kemudian guna mempertajam analisis daya dukung lingkungan untuk fungsi lindung dilakukan analisa terhadap data primer dan data sekunder melalui peta. Keberadaan Gua Beringin dan Gua Carano di tepian Danau Singkarak memiliki nilai sejarah yang cukup tinggi sejak masa prasejarah. Nilai penting dari sisi pendidikan dan ilmu pengetahuan meliputi teknologi pembuatan gerabah dan aktivitas kemaritiman di lingkungan danau sebagai bagian dari pelajaran muatan lokal, maupun menjadi objek penelitian bagi disiplin ilmu lain selain arkeologi. Nilai penting bagi kebudayaan berkaitan dengan strategi adaptasi dan subsistensi terhadap sumber daya alam di lingkungan danau.

Environment is important for human livelihood, such as a source of water and food. Humans have a good ability to adapt by exploiting the environment and creating technology which is in harmony with their culture. The problems in this study are how is environment carrying capacity for protection the sustainability of Carano and Beringin Caves around Singkarak Lake, and how important are the caves. The method applied was qualitative using inductive reasoning flow. The analysis of both primary and secondary data was carried out through maps. The result showed that these caves have a fairly high historical value since prehistoric times. The important values in terms of education and science include technology for making pottery and maritime activities as part of local content lessons, as well as being an object of research for disciplines other than archeology. The Important values of culture are related to adaptation and subsistence strategies for natural resources.
Translanguaging Knowledge Remotely: the Analysis of an Academic Webinar
Authors: Abdulsada M. N.
Published: December 2021

This paper explores how academic webinars are translanguaged by drawing on the sort of linguistic strategies and techniques implicated in these webinars. The research, therefore, poses two key questions relevant to how knowledge is communicated and what strategies are used in this communication. The main hypothesis of the research maintains that academic webinars communicate knowledge from a single professional presenter to many knowledge-receiving attendees, based on a presupposed view that presenters and moderators in webinars adhere to certain linguistic and conversational moves. To explore how academic webinars proceed and what they imply, a single academic webinar is randomly sampled for analysis. First, academic webinars are analyzed, key terms defined, and some previous literature on the topic overviewed. Then, the sampled webinar is administered for analysis (gathering, transcription, analysis), and a discourse-conversational model of analysis is applied. The author concludes that webinars are knowledge-specific and highly professional in their character, and they manifest certain linguistic and discourse strategies. The research also reveals that webinars feature such strategies as reformulation, mono-versation, on-screen sharing, speaker invisibility, indirect engagement, inactive moderation, and graphic interaction. Further recommendations suggest a more linguistic investigation into online learning, whether in webinars, online workshops, massive open online courses, or in any virtual learning practices.
Innovative Trends in the System of Language Education in the XXIst Century
Authors: Dmitrenko T. A.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the problem associated with the quality improvement of professional training of foreign language teachers in the conditions of digitalization of Language Education. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to train competitive specialists in the field of intercultural contacts who are fluent in their profession at the level of international standards. The quality and level of foreign language training in higher education are determined by the teaching staff, who are the carriers of the ideology of updating language education. Today, the digitalization of language education has brought the foreign language training of students to a qualitatively new level, which allows not only to raise the culture of teaching foreign languages, but also to ensure the development and social adaptation of the student, and contributes to the formation of an appropriate environment for social and personal development. The quality improvement of foreign language training in higher education presupposes both the widespread use of digital teaching technologies and the mandatory consideration of the general patterns of the personality formation and individual characteristics of students, as well as the development of each student’s abilities and interests. The formation of creative thinking, flexibility, initiative and versatility, the ability to quickly respond to changes, as well as creative search in solving professional problems are especially relevant in the education and training of foreign language teachers. The article examines significant innovative trends in the system of higher education, which make it possible to train a competitive specialist who becomes the main indicator of the quality of university education.
Metaphor Variation in Economic Discourse
Authors: Andryukhina T. V.
Published: December 2021

This integrated cognitive-discourse study looks at the role of context in the variation of conceptual metaphor in economic discourse, which abounds in metaphors. The study is motivated by a general current interest in situational aspects of metaphorical conceptualisation in different professional discourses. The first research question is to test the relevance of metaphor variation for economic discourse and to investigate conceptual evolution of biological, mechanical and path/journey metaphors in this discourse type. Another research question is to determine particular types of context and contextual factors inducing metaphor variation in economic texts. The theoretical framework of the study is formed by the seminal theories of conceptual metaphor, conceptual evolution, knowledge framing and recent abundant research sharing an integrated cognitive-discourse approach to studying metaphor. The investigation revealed the salience of metaphor variation for economic discourse in a broad social context of its production: scientific, technological, career development, and discrimination at work contexts. The study adds to the understanding of the role contextual factors play in metaphorical meaning making and processing discourse. It can also have implications for further metaphor investigation in different professional discourses. Awareness of metaphor variation mechanisms in meaning making can also be instrumental in English for Specific Purposes pedagogy.
Трехмерная графика параметрического проектирования цифровых двойников швейных изделий простых форм
Authors: Гусева Марина Анатольевна , Андреева Елена Георгиевна , Разин Игорь Борисович , Гусев Иван Дмитриевич
Published: December 2021

Аннотация. В период восстановительного лечения после травм ног человек, наряду с ограничением мобильности, испытывает трудности в подборе предметов гардероба. Программами реабилитации рекомендуется ношение внешних фиксаторов, позиционирующих в требуемой конфигурации участки костно-мышечного аппарата. Внешние фиксаторы представляют собой разнообразные конструкции, включающие ребра жесткости из металлических или композитных материалов. Пространственная конфигурация фиксирующих устройств и длительность их эксплуатации зависят от тяжести заболеваний. Внешние фиксаторы изменяют габариты ног, поэтому многие пациенты на период лечения обновляют свой гардероб поясной одежды и обуви изделиями больших размеров. Кроме того, эксплуатация такого устройства, как аппарат Илизарова, сопровождается ношением специальных швейных изделий – чехлов для ног, защищающих поврежденный участок ноги от воздействий окружающей среды. Композиционно-конструктивное решение типовых моделей чехлов для ног очень простое. Исследованием установлено, что в обществе присутствует многочисленная группа потребителей, предпочитающих индивидуальность образа в период восстановительного лечения. Высокая степень востребованности персонифицированных моделей швейных изделий реабилитационного ассортимента определила представляемые в статье исследования. Авторами разработана и апробирована методика проектирования пространственной формы швейных чехлов для ног в параметрической графической САПР. Входными параметрами для трехмерного конструирования изделий являются 3D скан-образы цифровых моделей ног и особенности пространственной конфигурации внешних фиксаторов. В статье представлены общие положения исследуемой научной темы на примере проектирования реабилитационных чехлов на аппарат Илизарова. Ключевые слова: цифровые двойники фигур, оценка внешнего вида, реабилита-ионные изделия, 3D параметрическое проектирование.
Регулирование деятельности стивидоров по выполнению ими требований природоохранного законодательства
Authors: Филичева Татьяна Петровна
Published: December 2021

Аннотация. В соответствии с договором аренды недвижимого имущества в морском порту, используемого для перевалки опасных грузов, арендодатель не должен препятствовать или вмешиваться в хозяйственную деятельность арендатора, связанную с использованием арендуемых им объектов, если она не противоречит условиям договора. Отсутствие четко поставленных экологических требований применительно к каждому морскому порту и технологии перевалки опасных грузов, которые стали бы обязательными для арендатора в рамках договора аренды, не позволяют арендодателю контролировать их исполнение. В этих условиях арендодатель может определить критерии выполнения экологических требований, обязательные для арендатора при заключении договора аренды. Регулирование деятельности стивидора в морском порту базируется на критериях значимости экологических аспектов, основанных на показателях негативного воздействия на окружающую среду. Ключевые слова: стивидоры, арендатор, арендодатель, перевалка опасных грузов в морском порту, экологические аспекты, критерии, воздействие на окружающую среду, идентификация, критерии значимости, ответственность.
Идеология и лингвистика в СССР: из истории формировании когнитивной лингвистики в России (по материалам журнала «Вопросы языкознания»
Authors: Чернышева Анна Сергеевна
Published: December 2021

Аннотация. Статья посвящена исследованию процесса популяризации в СССР теорий генеративной грамматики Н. Хомского в 60–80-е гг. XX в., заложившего фундамент для развития российской школы когнитивной лингвистики. В то время как на Западе, особенно в США, новые идеи пользовались большой популярностью и находили последователей, развитие лингвистики в СССР шло в неразрывной связи с общественно-политической ситуацией в стране. Теории «марризма», господствовавшие в советском языкознании с 1930-х до начала 1950-х гг., репрессии 30-х гг. и послевоенная борьба с космополитизмом затрудняли исследования по новым направлениям, особенно по тем, которые активно развивались за рубежом. Возможность познакомиться с зарубежными лингвистическими теориями и публикациями, обсудить их и высказать собственную точку зрения советские лингвисты получили благодаря журналу «Вопросы языкознания», основанному в январе 1952 г. с периодичностью шесть номеров в год. Автор связывает создание журнала с дискуссией на страницах газеты «Правда» (май – июнь 1950 г.), посвященной языкознанию, в частности отношению к «марризму». Участие в дискуссии И. В. Сталина с резкой критикой теорий Н.Я. Марра привело не только к основанию языковедческого журнала, но и новому курсу в области лингвистики – сравнительно-историческому. В статье уделяется внимание двум главным редакторам журнала – В. В. Виноградову (1952–1969) и Ф. П. Филину (1971–1982), формировавшим основную редакционную политику. Изменение характера публикаций «Вопросов языкознания» в сторону критики зарубежных теорий в период редакторства Филина привело к отставанию советской лингвистики в разработке новых направлений. Однако в целом теории Хомского послужили своеобразным «пусковым механизмом» основной идеи когнитивной лингвистики: язык и мышление человека должны изучаться в совокупности, а не отдельно. Ключевые слова: журнал «Вопросы языкознания», когнитивная лингвистика, Н.Хомский, генеративная грамматика, история науки, В. В. Виноградов, Ф. П. Филин.
Cardiopulmonary Fitness and its Relation to Body Mass Index Among Female Students in Qassim University
Authors: Al-Slamah Noura , Al-Madi Ebtesam , Omar Aishah , Al-Hussan Fayzah , Al-Harbi Mashael , Al-Onezi Abeer , Al-Torbak Sarah , Alsuhaibani Haifa , Alsharidah Ashwag
Published: December 2021

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness is expressed by maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) which measures oxygen (O2) capacity of an individual performing 6 minutes treadmill exercise test. In this study, the cardiopulmonary fitness among female healthy University students in Al-Qassim University, Saudi Arabia was assessed, along with its association with body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and fat percentage.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed. Heart rate, weight, height, waist circumference, BMI, O2 consumption, blood pressure, and body fat percentage were measured before the participants underwent the exercise test and after 6 minutes treadmill exercise heart rate, O2 and blood pressure were measured again to calculate the VO2max. The subjects were divided into four groups (underweight, normal, overweight and obese).
Results: There was a significant negative correlation between VO2max and heart rate after 6 minutes treadmill test for the underweight group (p = 0.0098) (r = -0.4716). A significant negative correlation was found after 6 minutes treadmill test between systolic blood pressure and VO2max in normal group (p = 0.0216, r = -0.4177). In overweight group, a significantly positive correlation between VO2max and systolic blood pressure after 6 minutes treadmill test (p = 0.0486) (r = 0.3631) was found. There was significant negative correlation between heart rate before 6 minutes treadmill test and VO2max in obese group (p < 0.0001, r = -0.7711).
Conclusion: When BMI increases there is an increased level of VO2max, thus an increase in BMI is associated with increase in the level of VO2max in healthy young female students.
"Córki powietrza. Sen Balladyny": Calderón spotyka Słowackiego w polu literackim, czyli hiszpańsko-polska comedia colaborada XXI wieku
Authors: Eloy Cichocka Marta
Published: December 2021

Literary relations between Poland and Spain are not only the subject of some purely theoretical considerations of this essay, but also a space for creative practice within the literary field, in the sense proposed by Pierre Bourdieu, as a complex network of positions, relations, and rivalries between its participants, individuals, and institutions. The main subject of the article is the process of creating a Polish-Spanish dramatic collage called 'Daughters of the Air. Balladyna’s Dream' (2019) based on Calderon’s and Słowacki’s dramas, grounded in the historical context, from the Polish-Spanish dramaturgical assumptions to the bilingual libretto of the play, which premiered first in Opole and then in Almagro. Such a process of creative rewriting of our classic literature can be compared to the forgotten comedias colaboradas, which were extremely popular in Spain during the Golden Age: those multi-author dramatic adaptations often resulted from a fruitful collaboration between two, three, or even more writers and dramaturges, which nowadays seems somehow more challenging.
Vít Richter – pierwszy bibliotekarz Republiki Czeskiej
Authors: Nieć Grzegorz
Published: December 2021

Vít Richter has been working at the National Library of the Czech Republic since 1971. He has reached all the successive steps in the hierarchy during his professional career - from library assistant to general manager. Since the fall of communism, Richter has continuously played a very important, even key, role in Czech librarianship; he has also been extremely active and appreciated in Slovakia. In the years 1992-1998, he managed the construction of the central warehouse of the National Library, and from 1998 until the present, he has been managing the Librarianship Institute - an extremely important institution of the National Library of the Czech Republic. At the same time, he actively participates in community life - he was one of the restorers of the professional movement and for two decades, he led the Association of Library and Information Professionals of the Czech Republic. Since 1998, he has also been the chairman of the Council of the Central Library of the Czech Republic. By combining these functions, he played an extremely important and positive role in the modernisation of Czech libraries and enjoyed great trust and prestige in the community and beyond. In 2020, in the face of growing problems in the activities of the National Library, he temporarily took up the position of the general manager to organise current affairs at the request of the Minister of Culture.
„Exploratory search” – kłopoty architekta informacji z terminologią
Authors: Materska Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Information environments (co-) designed by information architects should significantly support the users in obtaining information. Using English-language literature as source of examples, the author characterizes user activity type referred to as exploratory search, especially the concept of information foraging, which she suggests calling “traversing information environments”. This article aims at clarifying and organizing Polish terminology related to exploratory practices and user experiences. The analysis of Polish sources on information science of the 21st century evidences the terminological disorder. The author believes that order, precision and terminological consistency are especially needed in the dynamically developing area of information architecture in Poland, especially if treated as an academic discipline. The findings contribute to the theory and methodology of the Polish school of information architecture. The author believes that a constructive discussion of information professionals might be initiated by the proposals presented in this article.
Wizytacje źródłem do dziejów kultury książki w zakonach Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego – na przykładzie kanoników regularnych od pokuty (białych augustianów)
Authors: Pietrzkiewicz Iwona
Published: December 2021

Historical research on book culture in religious orders uses a specific and vast body of sources. One of the most important sources are the so-called visitations commissioned and performed by diocesan authorities or superiors of a given community in individual church institutions. The frequency of their preparation and the precision of the recorded data allow them to be treated as one of the basic sources for historical bibliology. The specificity of the formation of these archives in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and their dispersion due to political changes demonstrate the distinctiveness and importance of these sources.
Korelacja między działalnością bibliotek akademickich a nowymi wyzwaniami uczelni XXI wieku
Authors: Frączek Renata
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the academic library activities that correspond to the challenges of a modern university, its mission, and goals. Using the example of the Library of the Silesian University of Technology, organisational changes are discussed, as well as examples of implemented tasks that are in line with the document “Development strategy of the Silesian University of Technology for the years 2020-2026”.
Media lokalne w komunikacji politycznej (kształtowanie wizerunku lidera lokalnego)
Authors: Batorowska Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes the local leader from the perspective of his role in the activation of the local community, which results in the development of the region. The focus is on the impact of a local leader’s image in political communication and creating relationships between the local community and local authority. The article demonstrates that the image of a local leader can be an effective tool for local authorities and other decision-making centers to activate the local community, increase the region’s competitiveness, and shape the worldview of local social groups.
Postrzeganie architektury informacji przez studentów wybranych szkół wyższych w Polsce w świetle badań ankietowych
Authors: Has-Tokarz Anita , Malesa Renata
Published: December 2021

This article presents research results on the social (here: students’) recognition of information architecture as an educational path, awareness of the role and importance of information architecture (Eng. IA, information architecture) in a world dominated by technology. It also reviews the knowledge of the specifics of this subject matter as well as the perspectives, skills and job opportunities stemming from academic training in this discipline. The research paradigm is the interpretation of “collective consciousness” proposed by Emile Durkheim (The Division of Labour in Society, 1990), who sees it as a collection of widely distributed and accepted views, ideas and beliefs that are becoming patterns or blueprints for thinking in a particular society. Collective consciousness is a process by nature, it crystallizes over time as a result of individual experiences and environmental influences. This article presents the results of a survey conducted among students of two faculties of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin and (for contrast) students at the Military University of Technology in Warsaw. The research includes comparative analysis on identifying possible differences in perceiving IA by students of this course, those studying other areas of humanities and social sciences, such as media production, German studies, Portuguese studies, Italian studies, as well as students of hard sciences, i.e. computer science.
Bavorovianum jako przykład rekonstrukcji księgozbiorów. historycznych. Badania – projekty – postulaty
Authors: Gwioździk Jolanta
Published: December 2021

Historical book collections are an important element of the cultural heritage of the former Republic of Poland. Their wide dispersion requires reconstruction works. Possible directions of such activities - historical and bibliological, documentational, and conservational - are presented on the example of the collection of the Baworowscy Library. The necessity of interdisciplinary analyses undertaken by specialised teams running specific research programs is indicated.
Brneński Smok, Zlín Baťów i trawa. O książce. Čtení jako radost a dobrodružství. Jiřímu Trávníčkovi k šedesátinám
Authors: Maślanka Anna
Published: December 2021

Review of: Brneński Smok, Zlín Baťów i trawa. O książce. Čtení jako radost a dobrodružství. Jiřímu Trávníčkovi k šedesátinám, red. M. Fránek, A. Merenus, O. Sládek, B. Svobodová, Brno-Praga: Ústav pro českou literaturu AV ČR, v. v. i. 2020 [publikacja dostępna także on-line] http://www.ucl.cas.cz/edicee/sborniky/jubilejni/242-cteni-jako-radost-a-dobrodurzstvi - 16.12.2020), ISBN 978-80-88069-98-0, 222 s.
Krzysztof Maria Dmitruk (6 X 1939–8 V 2020)
Authors: Ossowski Jerzy Stefan
Published: December 2021

Necrology
Alfred Toczek (1958–2020)
Authors: Redakcja SBSP
Published: December 2021

Necrology
Nauki o komunikacji społecznej i mediach – forma, treść, kontekst
Authors: Woźniak-Kasperek Jadwiga
Published: December 2021

The regulation of the Minister of Science and Higher Education of 20 September 2018 on the fields of science and art, and scientific and artistic disciplines pursuant to Article 5 (3) of the Act of July 20, 2018 - The law on higher education and science has introduced a new classification of fields of sciences/art, and disciplines. Selected disciplines were 'consolidated', reducing their number from 102 to 42. In the paper, I am going to analyse the consequences of one of these ‘consolidations’, taking as an example the newly created discipline named Communication and Media Studies. Communication and Media Studies aggregated three previously independent disciplines, i. e. Library and Information Science, Media Studies and Cognition and Social Communication Studies. I will refer to the name of the discipline, its object/objects, purpose/purposes and methodology (content), and finally human resources and a position in relation to similar disciplines in world science (context).
Biblioteki w szkołach ludowych (elementarnych) Galicji
Authors: Pelczar Roman
Published: December 2021

The aim of this article is to rationalize the creation of functional libraries in folk (elementary) schools in Galicia. The earliest libraries in Galicia were established the mid-nineteenth century. At the time, libraries were not commonplace; they were established only in main schools in the large cities. It was not until after the creation of the National School Council in Galicia that the gradual and systematic process of establishing libraries in schools of all types, in towns and villages, began. This lasted until the outbreak of World War I in 1914, and consequently, many libraries were destroyed during the war. The Austrian government and the National School Council regulated the libraries’ operations and this significantly affected their functioning. Also, due to insufficient state funding, more libraries are not being established, and existing ones are unable to expand their book collections. These constraints behoved the intervention of local governments authorities, individuals and various social organizations. However, they have mainly been concerned with schools in the cities. Rural schools, on the other hand, remain under-equipped.
Polscy pisarze w ruchu muzealnym na progu II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Kielak Dorota
Published: December 2021

This article reflects on the participation of Polish writers in the museum movement during World War I and the period when the borders of the Second Polish Republic were being formed. It highlights the institutional activities of these writers supporting the transformation and creation of new museums. The focus is on their journalistic activity, i.e. discussions concerning the format, tasks, and status of museum institutions in independent Poland, and also on their projects relating to establishing new museums. The analysis in this article is based on the opinions of Andrzej Niemojewski, Stanisław Sierosławski, Jadwiga Petrażycka-Tomicka, Maciej Szukiewicz, Stanisław Witkiewicz, and Stefan Żeromski. The considerations of Mieczysław Treter, as the director of the State Art Collections in Warsaw and author of the first Polish synthesis on Polish museums, are also examined in context. This article shows that museum projects proposed by Polish writers on the threshold of the Second Polish Republic became both a testimony of the reception of the entire 19th century museological tradition, and a sign of the awareness of the changes in thinking about the social role of museums, taking place from the first years of the 20th century and accelerated by the necessity of rebuilding the Polish state. It is also shown that the planning of museum transformations by Polish writers of the years 1914 to 1923 was done with reference to their thinking about literature and its reception, and thus, museum journalism became simultaneously a testimony of literary culture of that period.
Polish Weekly Magazines on Wojciech Smarzowski’s Clergy [Kler]
Authors: Lewicki Arkadiusz
Published: December 2021

The article is an analysis of the reception of the film Clergy (Kler) directed by Wojciech Smarzowski in four of the most popular Polish weekly magazines. The author analysed the texts that appeared in Polityka, Newsweek, Sieci and Do Rzeczy in September and October 2018, just after the premiere of the film. The most common ways of conducting discourse on the subject of Clergy have been pointed out. Discourse which are associated with the divisions characterizing the contemporary press market in Poland and with the most important trends appearing on this market.