bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2018 – Year of Ukrainian Reforming
Authors: Vinnikov Аlexander
Published: March 2020

The interview with Аlexander Vinnikov, Head of the NATO Representation to Ukraine, provides answers to such questions as NATO assistance to Ukraine in the process of reforming the defence and security sector, and availability of programs already being implemented in Ukraine. NATO members help to develop capabilities of Ukraine in logistics, standardisation, cyber defence, communications, and medical rehabilitation. Special attention is drawn to the enhancement of knowledge and skills of employees of the defence and security sector in Ukraine, NATO support in social adaptation of former servicemen, improvement of the defense and education system of Ukraine, construction of communication facilities and expansion of cooperation among scholars, working upon security-related projects.
NATO Trust Fund for Medical Rehabilitation provides aid both for private persons and medical establishments. Ukrainian rehabilitation centers are being equipped with modern medical facilities, and servicemen are undergoing rehabilitation both in Ukraine and abroad.
The article also offers an account of the possibility of NATO accession as one of the most important matters in the relations of Ukraine and NATO along with key global threats NATO is facing. Among such threats, the Ambassador singles out nuclear proliferation in North Korea, terrorism, a precarious situation in the Middle East and North Africa as well as permanent violation of international state borders by Russia. An ever-increasing number of cyber attacks is also mentioned. No state can counter these challenges on its own. In the modern unified world, such complex global challenges require global actions. Thus, the Ambassador stresses that NATO is working upon continuous adaptation of the Alliance to an ever-demanding security environment.
Keywords: NATO, international relations, state borders, servicemen, medical rehabilitation.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KUALITAS HIDUP LANJUT USIA YANG MENGGUNAKAN GIGI TIRUAN DI DESA SIBUAK KECAMATAN TAPUNG KABUPATEN KAMPAR TAHUN 2015
Authors: Natassa Jihan , Zulhidriani -
Published: March 2020

The elderly must be use the denture to complete the needs of good life functionally and optimally. This research aims to determine the description of Knowledge and Life Quality Of Elderly Who Use The Denture at Sibuak Village, Tapung, Kampar In 2015. Type of this research is descriptive. The population of the elderly at Sibuak Village, Tapung, Kampar are 45 person. The sampling technique is total sampling technique. The method of data collection is questionnaire. The data is processed by a computer program and presented in frequency distribution table. Then, the results showed the most of the elderly respondents who use the denture about 60-74 years are 31 person (68.9%), the majority of female respondents are 28 person (62.2%), the majority of respondents with elementary education level are 21 person (46.7%), the majority of housewife respondents are 21 person (46.7%), the majority of GTLL denture types respondents are 23 person (51.1%), and a good level of knowledge of the majority of respondents are 23 person (51.1%), also the low quality of life respondents are 26 person (57.8%). Based on the results, the elderly should be more attention and take care for their oral cavity, they also can give the information about denture benefits to others. For sure, the dentist or dental health workers should lead the others to take care their oral cavity especially for edentolus patients, so they can reach a better life quality functionally and optimally.
KEADILAN BAGI ISTRI AKIBAT PUTUSAN BATAL DEMI HUKUM
Authors: Supraptiningsih Umi
Published: March 2020

Marriage is carried out in order to create a happy and eternal family according to based on the hand of God. However, sometimes divorce must be exist as it was desired by the husband.  Accordingly, he submitted a plea of divorce to the Religious Court to obtain an aproval. As he obtained the aproval from Religious court to divorce his wife, the husband disobeyed the court orders until the time limit was expired. Of course, it lead to the injustice gained by the wife.

Accordingly, the current research focused on three aspects, namely (1) the legal consequences of verdict with no pronouncing of a divorce pledge. (2) The marital status of both the husband and the wife as the jurisprudence has been void and (3) The justice for the wife because the verdict has been expired due to disobedience carried out by the husband.

Normative research with case study design was accomplished in this study.

The finding revealed that the verdict with no statement of divorce pledge carried out by the husband before the deadline will not bring about effects for both the claiment (husband) or the defendant (wife). In other word, the marital status did not change as they were still legally married. In line with justice, the wife was aggrieved by the husband, and she did not gain justice either on her marital status, rights and legal certainty.
DASAR WAJIB MEMATUHI UNDANG-UNDANG PERKAWINAN (UUP): STUDI PEMIKIRAN MUHAMMAD ‘ABDUH
Authors: Nasution Khoiruddin
Published: March 2020

One reason why the Marriage Law (UUP) is not obeyed is related to the status of compliance. According to the majority of Muslims, the status of obeying the contents of the UUP is related to and is a matter of the State, not related to the legality of religion, not related to the validity of marriage. Instead Muhammad 'Abduh is a thinker who believes that obeying the UUP is part of an obedient obligation to the government (uli al-amr), the same status as being obliged to obey Allah and His messengers, as required in al-Nisa' (4): 59 and 83. Thus, obeying the UUP is part of implementing compliance with the government. So obeying UUP is an obligation for every Muslim. Likewise, the UUP as a decision of people's representatives is an expression of the agreement of all the people. The people are represented by people who are elected by the people (people's representatives), because to gather all the people, at present, is impossible. So the decision of the people's representatives is positioned as the decision of all the people. The decision of the people's representatives for now becomes ijmâ ‘, the third source of Islamic law after the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The final basis stipulates the obligation to obey the Marriage Law, compared to fiqh, fatwa, interpretation, and jurisprudence, as a product of Islamic legal thinking, the UUP occupies the most authoritative and comprehensive position, because the UUP is the result of the minds of many scholars and expertise. This paper tries to explain the concept of ‘Abduh.
REKONTRUKSI BATAS USIA PERKAWINAN PASCA PUTUSAN MK NO. 22/PUU-XV/2017 SEBAGAI PENGUAT BANGSA DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Zain Muhammad Fuad , Ansori Ansori
Published: March 2020

The construction of the Islamic Jurisprudence School contained in the Compilation of Islamic Law, and the Marriage Law collides with the era, especially at the age of marriage. Post the Constitution Court Verdict Number 22/ PUU-XV/ 2017 requires the state to immediately revise where the ideal age limit for male and female marriages becomes 18 years or 19 years. On the other hand, there are still many marital dispensations caused by legitimate extramarital pregnancy. This is homework for the state. The term bā'ah or isṭiṭa’ah in fiqh must be by the era, especially in the era of Industry 4.0, where the country that cannot adapt will be increasingly left behind. The concept of seriousness in the theory of Uṣūl al-Fiqh must be developed by seeing living law in Indonesian society in the framework of family law reform in Indonesia to build humanity as a whole for the creation of a great nation as the ideals of the nation’s founding father without having to harm the essence of Syariah itself.
PENGARUH AKUNTABILITAS PUBLIK DAN KEJELASAN SASARAN ANGGARAN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL SKPD DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Kanji Lusiana
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Akuntabilitas Publik dan Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Manajerial SKPD Kota Makassar.Pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari kuesioner dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling.

Populasinya adalah SKPD Kota Makassar berjumlah 50 SKPD, sedangkan sampel yang diambil berjumlah 54 responden. Hasil kuesioner telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas, juga telah diuji asumsi klasik berupa asumsi normalitas dan heteroskedastisitas. Metode analisis data menggunakan teknik regresi berganda.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Hasil uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa akuntabilitas publik dan kejelasan sasaran anggaran secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja manajerial SKPD di Kota Makassar. Sedangkan akuntabilitas publik secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja manajerial SKPD di Kota Makassar dan kejelasan sasaran anggaran secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja manajerial SKPD di Kota Makassar.
Census of the Young Stellar Population in the Galactic H ii Region Sh2-242
Authors: Panja Alik , Mondal Soumen , Dutta Somnath , Joshi Santosh , Lata Sneh , Das Ramkrishna
Published: March 2020

We present here identification and characterization of the young stellar population associated with an active star-forming site Sh2-242. We used our own new optical imaging and spectroscopic observational data, as well as several archival catalogs, e.g., Pan-STARRS 1, Gaia DR2, IPHAS, Wide-field InfraRed Camera, 2MASS, and Spitzer. Slit spectroscopic results confirm the classification of the main ionizing source BD+26 980 as an early-type star of spectral type B0.5 V. The spectrophotometric distance of the star is estimated as 2.08 ± 0.24 kpc, which confirms the source as a member of the cluster. An extinction map covering a large area (diameter ∼50′) is generated with H and K photometry toward the region. From the map, three distinct locations of peak extinction complexes (A

V
 ≃ 7–17 mag) are identified for the very first time. Using the infrared color excess, a total of 33 Class I and 137 Class II young objects are classified within the region. The IPHAS photometry reveals classification of 36 Hα emitting sources, which might be class II objects. Among 36 Hα emitting sources, 5 are already identified using infrared excess emission. In total, 201 young objects are classified toward S242 from this study. The membership status of the young sources is further windowed with the inclusion of parallax from the Gaia DR2 catalog. Using the optical and infrared color–magnitude diagrams, the young stellar objects are characterized with an average age of ∼1 Myr and masses in the range 0.1–3.0 M
☉. The census of the stellar content within the region is discussed using combined photometric and spectroscopic data.
Permittivity Estimation of Subsurface Deposits in the Elysium–Utopia Region on Mars with MRO Shallow Radar Sounder Data
Authors: Meng Xu , Xu Yi , Xiao Long , Xiao Zhiyong
Published: March 2020

Dielectric properties of the subsurface layers provide important clues to material compositions beneath the surface. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Shallow Radar (SHARAD) observed clear subsurface reflections in the Elysium–Utopia region, where morphological features such as impact craters with rampart ejecta suggest the possible presence of volatiles, but the permittivity of the subsurface unit beneath the surface strata has not been derived yet to provide independent evidence for or against the presence of water ice. In this paper, we employed a three-layer model consisting a surface mantling layer (layer I), a shallow subsurface layer (layer II), and a deep subsurface layer (layer III) to invert the permittivity of layer III, which considers the surface roughness and attenuation of radar waves in layer II. The obtained permittivity and loss tangent in the study region confirm that the materials of layer II are dense basaltic flows. Then, the permittivity of layer III is derived as 2.6 ± 0.9, suggesting that subsurface water ice may be present, or a layer of dry and low-density deposits exists beneath the basalt layer. The hypothesis could be further tested by the ground-penetrating radar of China’s first Martian mission, to be launched in 2020. Our results also show that the surface mantling layer included in the model is essential in the calculation of permittivity values.
Nearly Century-scale Variation of the Sun’s Radius
Authors: Hiremath K. M. , Rozelot J. P. , Sarp V. , Kilcik A. , D. G. Pavan , Gurumath Shashanka R.
Published: March 2020

The Kodaikanal Archive Program (India) is now available to the scientific community in digital form as daily digitized solar white light pictures, from 1923 to 2011. We present here the solar radius data, obtained after a painstaking effort to remove all effects that contribute to the error in their measurements (limb darkening, distortion of the objective lens, refraction, other instrumental effects, etc.). These data were analyzed to reveal any significant periodic variations, after applying a multi-taper method with red noise approximation and the Morlet wavelet transform analysis. After removing obvious periodic variations (such as solar rotation and Earth annual rotation), we found a possible cycle variation at 11.4 yr, quasi biennial oscillations at 1.5 and 3.8 yr, and Rieger-type periodicity at ≈159, 91, and 63 days. Another

yr periodicity (as a mean) resulting from two other main periodicities detected at 6.3–7.8 yr can be identified as an atmospheric component. The detrending data show, over a mean radius of

, a residual of less than ≈(−)1 mas over the time period of analysis: if not spurious, this estimate indicates a faint decline, but probably confirms more the constancy of the solar diameter during the considered ranging time, within instrumental and methodological limits. The Kodaikanal long quality observations contribute to international efforts to bring past solar data measurements to the community to further explore issues, for instance, those of the luminosity/radius properties that could be used to pinpoint the “seat of the solar cycle.”
Origins of X-Ray Line Emissions in Circinus X-1 at Very Low X-Ray Flux
Authors: Schulz N. S. , Kallman T. E. , Heinz S. , Sell P. , Jonker P. , Brandt W. N.
Published: March 2020

Accretion conditions and morphologies of X-ray transients containing neutron stars are still poorly understood. Circinus X-1 is an enigmatic case where we observe X-ray flux changes covering four orders of magnitude. We observed Circinus X-1 several times at its very lowest X-ray flux using the high-energy transmission grating spectrometer on board the Chandra X-ray Observatory. At a flux of

erg cm−2 s−1 we observed a single 1.6 keV blackbody spectrum. The observed continuum luminosity of 1035 erg s−1 is about two orders of magnitude too low to explain the observed photoionized luminosity, suggesting a much more complex structure of the X-ray source that is partially or entirely obscured, as had been previously suggested. This affects most emissions from the accretion disk, including previously observed accretion-disk coronal line emissions. Instead, the strongest observed photoionized lines are blueshifted by about ∼400 km s−1, and we suggest that they originate in the ionized wind of a B5Ia supergiant companion, supporting a previous identification. The neutron star in Cir X-1 is very young and should have a high magnetic field. At the observed luminosity, the emission radius of the blackbody is small enough to be associated with the accretion hot spot as the X-ray-emitting region. The small emission radius then points to a field strength below 1012 G, which would be consistent with the observation of occasional type I X-ray bursts at high magnetic fields. We discuss Cir X-1 in the context of being a high-mass X-ray binary, with some emphasis on a possible Be-star X-ray binary nature.
How Efficient Is the Streaming Instability in Viscous Protoplanetary Disks?
Authors: Chen Kan , Lin Min-Kai
Published: March 2020

The streaming instability is a popular candidate for planetesimal formation by concentrating dust particles to trigger gravitational collapse. However, its robustness against the physical conditions expected in protoplanetary disks is unclear. In particular, particle stirring by turbulence may impede the instability. To quantify this effect, we develop the linear theory of the streaming instability with external turbulence modeled by gas viscosity and particle diffusion. We find the streaming instability is sensitive to turbulence, with growth rates becoming negligible for alpha viscosity parameters

, where

is the particle Stokes number. We explore the effect of nonlinear drag laws, which may be applicable to porous dust particles, and find growth rates are modestly reduced. We also find that gas compressibility increases growth rates by reducing the effect of diffusion. We then apply the linear theory to global models of viscous protoplanetary disks. For minimum-mass solar nebula disk models, we find the streaming instability only grows within disk lifetimes beyond tens of astronomical units, even for centimeter-sized particles and weak turbulence (

). Our results suggest it is rather difficult to trigger the streaming instability in nonlaminar protoplanetary disks, especially for small particles.
Dynamics of Descending Knots in a Solar Prominence and Their Possible Contributions to the Heating of the Local Corona
Authors: Bi Yi , Yang Bo , Li Ting , Dong Yan , Ji Kaifan
Published: March 2020

The knots in solar prominences are often observed to fall with nearly constant velocity, but the associated physical mechanism is currently not well understood. In this Letter, we present a prominence observed by the New Vacuum Solar Telescope in H
α
wavelength. Knots that rose within the prominence appear to have been preferentially located at higher altitude, whereas those that fell were found throughout the entire prominence structure. The descending speed of the knots near the solar surface was higher than that far away from the solar surface. We noted that the knots near the solar surface may run along a set of coronal loops observed from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. Elsewhere, the majority of knots are interpreted to have descended across more horizontal magnetic fields with a nearly constant speed. This lack of acceleration indicates that the liberated gravitational potential energy may not manifest as an increase in kinetic energy. Assuming instead that the descending knots were capable of exciting Alfvén waves that could then dissipate within the local corona, the gravitational potential energy of the knots may have been converted into thermal energy. Assuming a perfectly elastic system, we therefore estimate that the gravitational energy loss rate of these observed knots amounts to ≈1/2000 of that required to heat the entire quiet Sun, increasing to 1/320 when considering possibly further downward motions of the knots having disappeared in the H
α
observations. This result suggests such a mechanism may contribute to the heating of the corona local to these prominences.
Testing the Hypothesis of a Compact-binary-coalescence Origin of Fast Radio Bursts Using a Multimessenger Approach
Authors: Wang Min-Hao , Ai Shun-Ke , Li Zheng-Xiang , Xing Nan , Gao He , Zhang Bing
Published: March 2020

In the literature, compact binary coalescences (CBCs) have been proposed as one of the main scenarios to explain the origin of some non-repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs). The large discrepancy between the FRB and CBC event rate densities suggests that their associations, if any, should only apply at most for a small fraction of FRBs. Through a Bayesian estimation method, we show how a statistical analysis of the coincident associations of FRBs with CBC gravitational wave (GW) events may test the hypothesis of these associations. We show that during the operation period of the advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (aLIGO), the detection of ∼100 (∼1000) GW-less FRBs with dispersion measure (DM) values smaller than 500 pc cm−3 could reach the constraint that less than 10% (or 1%) FRBs are related to binary black hole (BBH) mergers. The same number of FRBs with DM values smaller than 100 pc cm−3 is required to reach the same constraint for binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. With the upgrade of GW detectors, the same constraints for BBH and BNS mergers can be reached with fewer FRBs or looser requirements for the DM values. It is also possible to pose constraints on the fraction of each type of CBCs that are able to produce observable FRBs based on the event density of FRBs and CBCs. This would further constrain the dimensionless charge of black holes (BHs) in binary BH systems.
Essential Financial Management Skills for Tourism Enterprises
Authors: Süer Seda
Published: March 2020

Financial management is crucial for tourism enterprises as well as the other enterprises that focus on obtaining and effectively utilizing the funds necessary for efficient business operations. The primary objective of an enterprise is to generate profit that is the revenues must exceed the expenses. The indisputable fact is that financial managers require the skills to make the best decision for profit maximization. Otherwise, the resources are wasted, poor decisions get made, and the financial performance of the organization suffers, as a result. The aim of this chapter is to determine the essential financial management skills for owners/managers of tourism enterprises to improve their financial performance. Therefore, essential financial management skills are identified according to the financial characteristics of tourism enterprises for financial managers to improve and develop the financial performance of the enterprise.
Ripple Effect Identification in Software Applications
Authors: Agrawal Anushree , Singh R.K.
Published: March 2020

Changes are made frequently in software to incorporate new requirements. The changes made to one class are not limited to that particular class, but they also affect other entities. Early identification of these change prone entities is very essential for minimizing future faults in the software applications. Thus, it is very important to develop quality models for identifying the ripple effect of changed classes to effectively utilize the limited resources during the software development lifecycle. Association rule mining is a popular approach suggested in literature, but a major limitation of this approach is its inability to generate recommendations in case of new addition of classes. This article suggests the development of prediction model using learning techniques to overcome this limitation. The authors evaluate the performance of thirteen statistical, ML, and search-based techniques using eight open source software applications in this work. The findings of this study are promising and support the application of SBT and ML techniques for ripple effect identification.
Right Ventricular Failure
Authors: Leeper Barbara
Published: March 2020

Interest in the right ventricle has increased because of advances in pulmonary hypertension treatment, improved diagnostic technology, and increased implantation of left ventricular assist devices and other mechanical circulatory assist devices. Right ventricular dysfunction is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. The purpose of this article is to describe the normal structure and function of the right ventricle, causes of right ventricular dysfunction leading to right ventricular failure, diagnostic hemodynamic assessments, and management of right ventricular failure in the critical care unit.
Maestros de obras sin obras: talento perdido en la arquitectura española de finales del siglo XIX (ejemplos de profesionales titulados en Valladolid)
Authors: Domínguez Burrieza Francisco Javier
Published: March 2020

Tras la supresión de la enseñanza oficial de Maestro de Obras, el 30 de junio de 1869, surgieron las escuelas libres donde se titularon los últimos maestros de obras de España. Algunos no ejercieron, directamente, la arquitectura, obviando así el desarrollo de diseños arquitectónicos de nueva planta. Nos preguntamos por qué y si la hipotética falta de talento pudo ser la causa principal de la existencia de “maestros de obras sin obras”. Para ello, estudiamos los exámenes de reválida realizados por alumnos tanto de la Escuela Libre de Maestros de Obras de Valladolid como de la enseñanza oficial en la Academia de Bellas Artes de la Purísima (Valladolid) en sus últimos años. De sus aulas salieron muchos de los maestros de obras que trabajaron en parte del norte de España hasta, aproximadamente, los años treinta del siglo xx. En algunos autores  apreciamos un talento que fue desaprovechado por diversas circunstancias.
Incidence of the retromolar foramen in dry mandibles and its significance for dental surgical procedures
Authors: Lemos Gislainy Thais de Lima , Bezerra Anderson Alves da Silva , Alves Silvia Maria de Luna , Silva Sidiane Barros da , Santos Taciana Rocha dos , Magalhães Carolina Peixoto
Published: March 2020

O forame retromolar, assim como o canal retromolar, são variações anatômicas da mandíbula que se apresentam na região do trígono retromolar. Esse forame e canal contêm estruturas neurovasculares que fornecem inervação adicional aos molares inferiores e à área bucal. Objetivou-se verificar a incidência e ocorrência entre os sexos do forame retromolar em mandíbulas da Coleção de Ossos Contemporâneos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Foram analisadas 61 mandíbulas secas, sendo 37 masculinas e 24 femininas. Das 61 mandíbulas, 18 apresentaram o forame retromolar (29,5%), sendo 12 mandíbulas apresentando o forame unilateralmente (19,67%). As mandíbulas masculinas apresentaram uma maior incidência comparada às femininas, tendo totalizado 12 (32,43%) mandíbulas com forame retromandibular. A população analisada mostra uma alta incidência do forame retromolar, especialmente para o lado direito. A identificação dessa variação anatômica auxilia no planejamento de cirurgias e durante os procedimentos anestésicos.
Achados hematológicos em Iguana iguana (Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae) com hemoparasitose em Santarém, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Lima Dennis José da Silva , Castro Flávia Carla Barbosa , Pedroso Henrique Melo , Meneses Andre Marcelo Conceição , Giese Elane Guerreiro
Published: March 2020

A biologia dos répteis pode influenciar diretamente os valores hematológicos, pois alguns parâmetros podem variar de acordo com o sexo, sazonalidade, temperatura, dieta e estado reprodutivo. Na região oeste do estado do Pará, não há informação sobre a presença de hemoparasitas em Iguana iguana e suas possíveis alterações hematológicas. Devido a essa necessidade, objetivou-se identificar a presença de hemoparasitos e as alterações hematológicas provocadas por esses em I. iguana no município de Santarém/PA, Brasil. Foram utilizados 28 espécimes, 13 machos e 15 fêmeas, da cidade de Santarém/PA, Brasil. A pesquisa de hemoparasitas foi realizada em distensões sanguíneas coradas com corante hematológico e analisadas ao microscópio de luz em aumento de 1.000x. Os valores hematológicos foram obtidos por contagem em câmara de Neubauer utilizando o reagente de azul de toluidina 0,01%. Foi observada a infecção por hemoparasitas em 18 animais, 10 machos e oito fêmeas. Não houve diferenças estatísticas significantes entre os sexos e nos valores de leucócitos, trombócitos e hemácias. Existe infecção por hemoparasitas em I. iguana na região. A relação entre este hemoparasita e hospedeiro aparenta ter pouca patogenicidade em provocar alterações importantes nos valores de leucócitos, hemácias e trombócitos.
Influência das características do conselho de administração na assimetria informacional de empresas
Authors: Silva Alini da , Cunha Paulo Roberto da
Published: March 2020

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar a influência das características do conselho de administração na assimetria informacional de empresas. A metodologia foi descritiva, documental e quantitativa. As empresas analisadas corresponderam as 100 listadas no índice IBRx100 da B3 – Brasil, Bolsa e Balcão de 2012 a 2016. A coleta de dados foi realizada na base de dados Thomson e estes foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e regressão linear múltipla - OLS. Os resultados revelaram a presença da assimetria da informação entre executivos e investidores, em que se constatou a diminuição de tal assimetria, pelo maior tamanho do conselho de administração e independência dos membros, além do tamanho da empresa e rentabilidade desta. Assim, constatou-se que o controle de monitoramento conselho de administração para realizar suas responsabilidades perante a simetria da informação e diminuição dos custos de agência necessita apresentar determinadas características, em que somente sua implantação não garante este intuito. O estudo contribuiu por demonstrar que mecanismos de governança corporativa como o conselho de administração se projetados com qualidade podem diminuir problemas de agência, além disso, podem mitigar preocupações dos usuários externos quanto a informações assimétricas, podendo aumentar a confiança destes em relação à empresa.
Transferências constitucionais no Brasil: um estudo bibliográfico sobre o FPM- fundo de participação dos municípios
Authors: Ribeiro Clarice Pereira de Paiva , Mendes Wesley De Almeida , Emmendoerfer Magnus Luiz , Abrantes Luiz Antônio
Published: March 2020

O federalismo distribuiu diferentes competências e atribuições para os entes federados e estabeleceu mecanismos de equilíbrio das contas públicas para que não comprometam sua capacidade de fornecer políticas públicas, conhecidas como transferências, com destaque o FPM que visa reduzir os desequilíbrios horizontais e verticais entre governos e melhorar o sistema tributário. O presente estudo busca identificar e descrever como o FPM tem sido estudado nos artigos científicos pela academia brasileira, considerando, para periódicos, os anos de1993 a 2017, e de eventos de 2005 a 2017. Foi utilizada a pesquisa Bibliográfica cujos resultados destacam o baixo volume de publicação sobre a temática específica de FPM, a concentração de artigos em um grupo de autores presentes na mesma instituição. Por fim, nota-se que as pesquisas indicaram a importância do planejamento e gestão fiscal do município, a fim de explorar melhor a capacidade fiscal do município e minimizar a dependência das transferências.
Effective Radiative forcing from emissions of reactive gases and aerosols – a multimodel comparison
Authors: Thornhill Gillian D. , Collins William J. , Kramer Ryan J. , Olivié Dirk , O'Connor Fiona , Abraham Nathan L. , Bauer Susanne E. , Deushi Makoto , Emmons Louisa , Forster Piers , Horowitz Larry , Johnson Ben , Keeble James , Lamarque Jean-Francois , Michou Martine , Mills Mike , Mulcahy Jane , Myhre Gunnar , Nabat Pierre , Naik Vaishali , Oshima Naga , Schulz Michael , Smith Chris , Takemura Toshihiko , Tilmes Simone , Wu Tongwen , Zeng Guang , Zhang Jie
Published: March 2020

Abstract. This paper quantifies the effective radiative forcing from CMIP6 models of the present-day anthropogenic emissions of NOx, CO, VOCs, SO2, NH3, black carbon and primary organic carbon. Effective radiative forcing from pre-industrial to present-day changes in the concentrations of methane, N2O and halocarbons are quantified and attributed to their anthropogenic emissions. Emissions of reactive species can cause multiple changes in the composition of radiatively active species: tropospheric ozone, stratospheric ozone, secondary inorganic and organic aerosol and methane. We therefore break down the ERFs from each emitted species into the contributions from the composition changes. The 1850 to 2014 mean ERFs are 1.1 ± 0.07 W m−2 for sulfate, −0.24 ± 0.01 W m−2 for organic carbon (OC), and 0.15 ± 0.04 W m−2 for black carbon (BC), and for the aerosols combined it is −0.95 ± 0.03 W m−2. The means for the reactive gases are 0.69 ± 0.04 W m−2 for methane (CH4), 0.06 ± 0.04 W m−2 for NOx, −0.09 ± 0.03 W m−2 for volatile organic carbons (VOC), 0.16 ± 0.03 W m−2 for ozone (O3), 0.27 W m−2 for nitrous oxide (N2O) and −0.02 ± 0.06 W m−2 for hydrocarbon (HC). Differences in ERFs calculated for the different models reflect differences in the complexity of their aerosol and chemistry schemes, especially in the case of methane where tropospheric chemistry captures increased forcing from ozone production.
Optical and geometrical aerosol particle properties over the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Filioglou Maria , Giannakaki Elina , Backman John , Kesti Jutta , Hirsikko Anne , Engelmann Ronny , O'Connor Ewan , Leskinen Jari T. T. , Shang Xiaoxia , Korhonen Hannele , Lihavainen Heikki , Romakkaniemi Sami , Komppula Mika
Published: March 2020

Abstract. One-year of ground-based night-time Raman lidar observations have been analysed under the Optimization of Aerosol Seeding In rain enhancement Strategies (OASIS) project, in order to characterize the aerosol particle properties over a rural site in the United Arab Emirates. In total, 1130 aerosol particle layers were detected during the one-year measurement campaign which took place between March 2018 and February 2019. Several subsequent aerosol layers could be observed simultaneously in the atmosphere up to 11 km. The observations indicate that the measurement site is a receptor of frequent dust events but predominantly the dust is mixed with aerosols of anthropogenic and/or marine origin. The mean aerosol optical depth over the measurement site ranged at 0.37 ± 0.12 and 0.21 ± 0.11 for the 355 and 532 nm, respectively. Moreover, a mean lidar ratio of 43 ± 11 sr at a wavelength of 355 nm and 39 ± 10 sr at 532 nm was found. The average linear particle depolarization ratio measured over the course of the campaign was 15 ± 6 % and 19 ± 7 % at 355 nm and 532 nm wavelengths, respectively. Since the region is both a source and a receptor of mineral dust, we have also explored the properties of Arabian mineral dust of the greater area of United Arab of Emirates and the Arabian Peninsula. The observed Arabian dust particle properties were 45 ± 5 (42 ± 5) sr at 355 (532) nm for the lidar ratio, 25 ± 2 % (31 ± 2 %) for the linear particle depolarization ratio at 355 (532) nm, and 0.3 ± 0.2 (0.2 ± 0.2) for the extinction‑related Ångström exponent (backscatter‑related Ångström exponent) between 355 and 532 nm. This study is the first to report comprehensive optical properties of the Arabian dust particles based on long term observations, using at the fullest the capabilities of a multi wavelength Raman lidar instrument. The results suggest that the mineral dust properties over the Middle East and western Asia, including the observation site, are comparable to those of African mineral dust with regard to the particle depolarization ratios but not for lidar ratios. The smaller lidar ratio values in this study compared to the reference studies are attributed to the difference in the geochemical characteristics of the soil originating in the study region compared to Northern Africa.
Changes in population depth distribution and oxygen stratification explain the current low condition of the Eastern Baltic Sea cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Casini Michele , Hansson Martin , Orio Alessandro , Limburg Karin
Published: March 2020

Abstract. During the past twenty years, hypoxic areas have expanded exponentially in the Baltic Sea, which has become one of the largest marine dead zones in the world. At the same time, the most important commercial fish population of the region, the Eastern Baltic cod, has experienced a drastic reduction in mean body condition, but the processes relating hypoxia to condition remain elusive. Here we use extensive long-term monitoring data on cod biology and distribution as well as on hydrological variations, to investigate the processes that relate deoxygenation and cod condition during the autumn season. Our results show that the depth distribution of cod has increased during the past four decades at the same time of the expansion, and shallowing, of the waters with an oxygen concentration known to be detrimental for cod performance. This has resulted in a spatial overlap between the cod population and low-oxygenated waters after the mid-1990s, which relates with the observed decline in cod mean body condition. Complementary analyses on fish otolith microchemistry also revealed that since the mid-1990s, cod individuals with low condition were indeed exposed to low-oxygen waters during their life. This study helps to shed light on the processes that have led to a decline of the Eastern Baltic cod body condition, which can aid the management of this population currently in distress. Further studies should focus on understanding why the cod population has moved to deeper waters in autumn and on analysing the overlap with low-oxygen waters in other seasons to quantify the potential effects of the variations in physical properties on cod biology throughout the year.
Augmented Kalman filter with a reduced mechanical model to estimate tower loads on an onshore wind turbine: a digital twin concept
Authors: Branlard Emmanuel , Giardina Dylan , Brown Cameron S. D.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The paper presents an application of the Kalman filtering technique to estimate loads on a wind turbine. The approach combines a mechanical model and a set of measurements to estimate signals that are not available in the measurements, such as: wind speed, thrust, tower position, and tower loads. The model is several fold faster than real-time and is intended to be run online, for instance, to evaluate real-time fatigue life consumption of a field turbine using a digital twin. The mechanical model is built using a Rayleigh-Ritz approach and a set of joint coordinates. The paper presents a general method and illustrates it using a 2 degrees of freedom model of a wind turbine, and, using rotor speed, generator torque, pitch, and tower-top acceleration as measurement signals. The different components of the model are tested individually. The overall method is evaluated by computing the errors in estimated tower bottom equivalent moment from a set of simulations. From this preliminary study, it appears that the tower bottom equivalent moment is obtained with about 10 % accuracy. The limitation of the model and the required steps forwards are discussed.
Business models for academic prototypes: A new approach to media innovation
Authors: Nyre Lars , Ribeiro Joao , Tessem Bjørnar
Published: March 2020

This article introduces the concept of academic prototypes, and shows how they can lead to technological innovation in journalism. We propose an innovation method that transforms a value-oriented academic prototype into a market-oriented journalistic service. The principles for product development presented here are based on the lean startup method as well as business model canvassing. A prototype scenario shows how the locative information app PediaCloud could be transformed into a locative news service for a regional newspaper in Western Norway. Ideally, the academic prototype will be transformed into a novel and engaging way of reading news stories, and a profitable solution for the newspaper. Realistically, the team will have acquired empirical validation of the business model's strong and weak points. In the conclusion, we summarize the utility of the approach for validated learning, and make recommendations for further research on innovation with academic prototypes.
Krehké vzťahy? Poznámky k premenám intimity
Authors: Chorvát Ivan
Published: March 2020

Vztahy v soukromé sféře se vlivem individualizačního procesu v období pozdní modernity proměňují. Tento článek se zaměřuje na změny v partnerských vztazích v oblasti intimity. Prostřednictvím historického přehledu rodinných vztahů je zdokumentován posun od kolektivního pohledu na rodinu k hodnotám založeným na individualismu a citu - pár se stává středobodem rodinného života a láska jediným legitimním důvodem pro výběr partnera ke sňatku. Soukromá sféra v moderní společnosti je nahlížena jako oblast individuální volby a autonomie. Důraz na emoce a intimitu v personálních vztazích přináší určité napětí způsobené vysokými očekáváními vůči partnerovi; vztahy se stávají křehkými a méně stabilními. V této souvislosti článek zmiňuje a kriticky analyzuje Giddensův koncept čistého vztahu. V závěru pak otevírá diskusi ohledně vzájemných vztahů mezi současnými podobami intimity a změnami v rodinném a reprodukčním chování, přičemž bere v potaz obzvláště situaci v České republice a na Slovensku.
Změna sociologické perspektivy aneb od nukleární rodiny k širší rodině
Authors: Sýkorová Dana
Published: March 2020

Otázky položené autorkou v článku mají společného jmenovatele: snahu nasměrovat sociologické bádání k cíli porozumět rodinným vztahům „za hranicemi“ nukleární rodiny – zejména vztahům intergeneračním (ale nejen jim), postihnout jejich podstatu v celé složitosti, tvárnosti a rozmanitosti, s ohledem na strukturální a situační kontexty, s patřičnou senzitivitou k vlivu genderu, věku, etnika, třídy. Podstatným úkolem je rozvíjet teorii intergeneračních rodinných vztahů: vyrovnat se s překonanými teoretickými přístupy, teoriemi a koncepty (teorií závazku – obligation theory, teorií citových vazeb – attachment theory), prověřit současné teorie – etablované i nově vznikající (teoretický model solidarity vs. teorii ambivalence, apod.), zasazovat do teoretického rámce empirická zjištění. Výchozí apel jít ve zkoumání české rodiny „za“ rodinu nukleární, můžeme v takto vymezeném rámci vztáhnout i na metodologii: zde bychom měli jít „za“ pohled zprostředkovaný kvantitativními výzkumy, tj. rovněž cestou kvalitativních a integrovaných studií, „za“ statický pohled na rodinu k postižení dynamiky intergeneračních vztahů pomocí longitudinálních výzkumů, „za“ hranice disciplíny prostřednictvím výzkumů multidisciplinárních či interdisciplinárních, „za“ hranice české sociologie realizací mezinárodních komparativních výzkumů.
Spatiotemporal patterns of neocortical activity around hippocampal sharp-wave ripples
Authors: Karimi Abadchi J , Nazari-Ahangarkolaee Mojtaba , Gattas Sandra , Bermudez-Contreras Edgar , Luczak Artur , McNaughton Bruce L , Mohajerani Majid H
Published: March 2020

A prevalent model is that sharp-wave ripples (SWR) arise ‘spontaneously’ in CA3 and propagate recent memory traces outward to the neocortex to facilitate memory consolidation there. Using voltage and extracellular glutamate transient recording over widespread regions of mice dorsal neocortex in relation to CA1 multiunit activity (MUA) and SWR, we find that the largest SWR-related modulation occurs in retrosplenial cortex; however, contrary to the unidirectional hypothesis, neocortical activation exhibited a continuum of activation timings relative to SWRs, varying from leading to lagging. Thus, contrary to the model in which SWRs arise ‘spontaneously’ in the hippocampus, neocortical activation often precedes SWRs and may thus constitute a trigger event in which neocortical information seeds associative reactivation of hippocampal ‘indices’. This timing continuum is consistent with a dynamics in which older, more consolidated memories may in fact initiate the hippocampal-neocortical dialog, whereas reactivation of newer memories may be initiated predominantly in the hippocampus.
Mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes support neonatal mouse heart regeneration in response to paracrine IGF2 signaling
Authors: Shen Hua , Gan Peiheng , Wang Kristy , Darehzereshki Ali , Wang Kai , Kumar S Ram , Lien Ching-Ling , Patterson Michaela , Tao Ge , Sucov Henry M
Published: March 2020

Injury to the newborn mouse heart is efficiently regenerated, but this capacity is lost by one week after birth. We found that IGF2, an important mitogen in heart development, is required for neonatal heart regeneration. IGF2 originates from the endocardium/endothelium and is transduced in cardiomyocytes by the insulin receptor. Following injury on postnatal day 1, absence of IGF2 abolished injury-induced cell cycle entry during the early part of the first postnatal week. Consequently, regeneration failed despite the later presence of additional cell cycle-inducing activities 7 days following injury. Most cardiomyocytes transition from mononuclear diploid to polyploid during the first postnatal week. Regeneration was rescued in Igf2-deficient neonates in three different contexts that elevate the percentage of mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes beyond postnatal day 7. Thus, IGF2 is a paracrine-acting mitogen for heart regeneration during the early postnatal period, and IGF2-deficiency unmasks the dependence of this process on proliferation-competent mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes.
Supramammillary nucleus synchronizes with dentate gyrus to regulate spatial memory retrieval through glutamate release
Authors: Li Yadong , Bao Hechen , Luo Yanjia , Yoan Cherasse , Sullivan Heather Anne , Quintanilla Luis , Wickersham Ian , Lazarus Michael , Shih Yen-Yu Ian , Song Juan
Published: March 2020

The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) provides substantial innervation to the dentate gyrus (DG). It remains unknown how the SuM and DG coordinate their activities at the circuit level to regulate spatial memory. Additionally, SuM co-releases GABA and glutamate to the DG, but the relative role of GABA versus glutamate in regulating spatial memory remains unknown. Here we report that SuM-DG Ca2+ activities are highly correlated during spatial memory retrieval as compared to the moderate correlation during memory encoding when mice are performing a location discrimination task. Supporting this evidence, we demonstrate that the activity of SuM neurons or SuM-DG projections is required for spatial memory retrieval. Furthermore, we show that SuM glutamate transmission is necessary for both spatial memory retrieval and highly-correlated SuM-DG activities during spatial memory retrieval. Our studies identify a long-range SuM-DG circuit linking two highly correlated subcortical regions to regulate spatial memory retrieval through SuM glutamate release.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of small molecule modulators of CDK8/Cyclin C complex with phenylaminoquinoline scaffold
Authors: Al-Sanea Mohammad M.
Published: March 2020

Background

CDK8/CycC complex has kinase activity towards the carboxyterminal domain of RNA polymerase II, and contributes to the regulation of transcription via association with the mediator complex. Different human malignancies, mainly colorectal and gastric cancers, were produced as a result of overexpression of CDK8/CycC in the mediator complex. Therefore, CDK8/CycC complex represents as a cancer oncogene and it has become a potential target for developing CDK8/CycC modulators.

Methods

A series of nine 4-phenylaminoquinoline scaffold-based compounds 5a-i was synthesized, and biologically evaluated as potential CDK8/CycC complex inhibitors.

Results

The scaffold substituent effects on the intrinsic inhibitory activity toward CDK8/CycC complex are addressed trying to present a novel outlook of CDK8/CycC Complex inhibitors with 4-phenylaminoquinoline scaffold in cancer therapy. The secondary benzenesulfonamide analogues proved to be the most potent compounds in suppressing CDK8/CycC enzyme, whereas, their primary benzenesulfonamide analogues showed inferior activity. Moreover, the benzene reversed sulfonamide analogues were totally inactive.

Discussion

The titled scaffold showed promising inhibitory activity data and there is a crucial role of un/substituted sulfonamido group for CDK8/CycC complex inhibitory activity. Compound 5d showed submicromolar potency against CDK8/CycC (IC50 = 0.639 µM) and it can be used for further investigations and to design another larger library of phenylaminoquinoline scaffold-based analogues in order to establish detailed SARs.