bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupled 1D Hydrodynamic-Water Quality Model of Kobadak-Sibsa River System for Salinity
Authors:   the Department of WRE, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Haque A. , Hossain K. M. A. , Shadia N.
Published: September 2021

Salinity intrusion creates severe problems in agriculture and drinking water sources in the floodplain of tidal rivers due to low upstream flow and climate changes. This study focuses on 1-D advection-dispersion modeling of the Kobadak-Sibsa river by HEC-RAS. This work has been carried out in simulation of temporal distribution of salinity concentration in different locations which help to identify which location exceeds the chloride limit of drinking water of 1000 ppm and chloride limit in agricultural water limit of 1500 ppm. The hydrodynamic model was coupled with 1D salinity modeling. The calibration was done for the month June 2016. Then the validation was done using the data of July 2015. It has been found a good agreement between simulated and observed water level for Manning’s roughness coefficient as 0.021. Once the hydrodynamic model was calibrated and validated, the 1D advection-dispersion model was performed and calibrated and validated for the year 2016 and 2015 for different dispersion coefficients (D) for different reaches as a tuning parameter. It has found that the higher the dispersion co-efficient the higher the salinity concentrations that the dispersion co-efficient varied from 25 m2/s to 9000 m2/s which showed good agreement between simulated and observed salinity data. From December salinity gradually increases and reaches its peak in April or May. Maximum salinity concentration has been determined in different locations by simulating this model. This hydrodynamic and water quality coupled modeling can be helpful for lesson learning to prevent salinity intrusion in the Kobadak river.
Applying Process Mining to Analyze the Behavior of Learners in Online Courses
Authors:   Graduate School of Information Technology, Siam University, Bangkok, Thailand, Arpasat Poohridate , Premchaiswadi Nucharee , Porouhan Parham , Premchaiswadi Wichian
Published: September 2021

The most critical challenge in analyzing the data of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) using process mining techniques is storing event logs in appropriate formats. In this study, an innovative approach for extraction of MOOC data is described. Thereafter, several process-discovery techniques, i.e., Dotted Chart Analysis, Fuzzy Miner, and Social Network Miner, are applied to the extracted MOOC data. In addition, behavioral studies of high- and low-performance students taking online courses are conducted. These studies considered i) overall behavioral statistics, ii) identification of bottlenecks and loopback behavior through frequency- and time-performance-based approaches, and iii) working together relationships. The results indicated that there are significant behavioral differences between the two groups. We expect that the results of this study will help educators understand students’ behavioral patterns and better organize online course content.
What Comes Before Innovation Kicks in: Contemporary Evidence and Future Directions of Innovative Work Behaviour of Individuals — A Conceptual Literature Review
Authors:   the University of Salzburg, Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse 18, 5050 Salzburg, Austria, Wissmann Stephanie
Published: September 2021

The importance of innovation is widely considered to be of peak importance for today´s enterprises. However, the understanding of one key element leading towards innovation seems to be neglected in scientific research: The innovative work behavior of individuals. Since Scott and Bruce investigated the determinants and introduced a path model of individual innovative work behavior twenty years ago (Scott and Bruce, 1994) much time has passed. New and upcoming trends in management, society and culture therefor could not be considered but influence the concept. This conceptual literature review therefor identifies, evaluates, aggregates and classifies the developments and trends from 2020 and 2021 regarding innovative work behavior. This study analyzed 41 journal articles, which further cited 3,609 publications as references, in EBSCO and Elsevier. The focus of the literature review was studies published in 2020 and 2021 and analyses that covered the topic of individual innovative behavior. The defined research objectives were framed by setting conceptual boundaries. Data was collected by using inclusion/exclusion criteria to then validate and manually review the research results. The results of this review suggest that firstly there is a change visible of the definition of the term itself, which has also influenced the scales being used to be reviewed or shifting. In addition the review shows how changes in working and managing enterprises effect innovative work behavior. They can be grouped into the three areas: role and impact of culture, societal trends and new management trends. Thus the effects of mindfulness, transformational leadership, usage of social media, or corporate social responsibility on innovative work behavior are better understood. This conceptual literature research connects and aggregates the various tendencies and supports new measurement models introduced which might help to identify possible causes of these discrepancies and provide direction for further research. Thereby this conceptual literature review thus sheds light on what otherwise seems to be a familiar concept.
Generation of Coherent XUV Radiation in Gas Mixture of N2 and H2 using High Power Laser System
Authors: SAYRAÇ Muhammed
Published: September 2021

High harmonic generation is studied in gas species, namely pure H2, pure N2 and their mixture in 1:1 ratio. Observation of harmonic orders from 17H to 35H orders are well resolved. Harmonic spectrum produced from pure H2 are obtained, but the harmonic signal is weaker compared to that produced from pure N2 and from their mixture. Harmonic yield in gas mixture is enhanced compared to that from pure H2. The maximum photon energy that harmonic orders can reach is calculated with the well know cutoff formula. The experiment and the calculation results are in close agreement. In mixture of N2:H2, the higher harmonics are enhanced compared the plateau region harmonics. The enhancement of 35H orders in pure N2 or H2-N2 mixture is observed compared to pure H2.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Load-Settlement Behaviour to Model Shallow Foundation rest on Sandy Soil
Authors: ATEŞ Bayram , ŞADOĞLU Erol
Published: September 2021

Improvement of technology gives the change to humankind to build larger, heavier and more complex structures. For geotechnical engineers, faced with transferring the loads that is more complex and increasing, determination of the load-settlement behaviour has become inevitable for the reliable foundation design. In this study, it is aimed to determinate the bearing and load-settlement behavior of the shallow foundations. For this purpose, a test setup has been formed and loading tests have been carried out by means of small scale model foundation rest on the granular soil with the different relative densities situations. Additionally, numerical analyses, adhering to the experimental program for 1g physical model tests, have been carried out with finite element based software ABAQUS/CAE and the obtained results have been compared with the experimental results. As a result of the study it is shown that the relative density is a very effective parameter for the load-settlement behavior of the shallow foundations. The results can serve as a reference for the preliminary assessment of bearing and load-settlement behavior of shallow foundation in sandy soils without conducting expensive and time-consuming field trials.
Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster Feeding with White Tea
Authors: AYAR Arif , ALTUN ÇOLAK Deniz , UYSAL Handan , FİDAN Mehmet
Published: September 2021

White tea is a special tea made from the bud and young leaves of some varieties of Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze plant. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of white tea on larval mortality in Drosophila melanogaster and the lifespan. The effect of white tea on the lifespan was studied separately in female and male populations of D. melanogaster. An average of 100 individuals for each group was collected from non-mated male and female flies at the same age (1-3 days). Then, these individuals were fed for 2 hours in the flasks containing water extracts that are the control group with white tea at different concentrations (0,5; 1,0; 1,5 and 2,0 mL/100mL medium). As a result of our study, no decrease was observed in the larval mortality rates at any concentration we applied. This result has been interpreted as that plant extract does not have toxic effects in the experimental groups. In the results obtained from the second phase of the study, statistically, significant increases were observed in the lifespan parallel to the increase in concentration. This result was interpreted to have been related to the antioxidant content in white tea.
Analysis of Swimming, Swarming and Twitching Movements of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its Recombinant Strain
Authors: KAHRAMAN Hüseyin , ÖZCAN GÜÇLÜ Duygu
Published: September 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tek bir kutupta birkaç flagellaya sahiptir. Flagella bakterinin katı besi yerine yerleşmelerine yardımcı olur. Sıvı besi yerindeki hareketleri olan yüzme hareketini de flagella ile gerçekleştirirler. Çalışmada P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 (NRRL B- 771) ve bu bakterinin kromozomuna homolog rekombinasyon ile tek kopya halinde vgb entegre edilmiş rekombinant P. aeruginosa kullanılmıştır P. aeruginosa’da 0,2-0,3 mm’lik anlamlı belirgin bir kayma hareketi gözlenmezken, onun rekombinant suşun da yaklaşık 2-9 mm arasında belirgin bir hareketin olduğu gözlenmiştir. Yabanıl bakteri yaklaşık 0,2 mm‘lik titreme hareketi gösterirken, rekombinant bakteri ise, 0,4-0,5 mm’lik titreme hareketi göstermiştir. Yabanıl bakteride yaklaşık 0,2 mm’lik az miktarda belirgin bir yüzme hareketi gözlenirken, rekombinant bakteride 1,1-2,2 mm’lik çok daha belirgin bir hareketin olduğu gözlenmiştir. 24 saatlik süre sonunda kayma hareketi Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tek bir kutupta birkaç flagellaya sahiptir. Flagella bakterinin katı besi yerine yerleşmelerine yardımcı olur. Sıvı besi yerindeki hareketleri olan yüzme hareketini de flagella ile gerçekleştirirler. Çalışmada P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 (NRRL B- 771) ve bu bakterinin kromozomuna homolog rekombinasyon ile tek kopya halinde vgb entegre edilmiş rekombinant P. aeruginosa kullanılmıştır P. aeruginosa’da 0,2-0,3 mm’lik anlamlı belirgin bir kayma hareketi gözlenmezken, onun rekombinant suşun da yaklaşık 2-9 mm arasında belirgin bir hareketin olduğu gözlenmiştir. Yabanıl bakteri yaklaşık 0,2 mm‘lik titreme hareketi gösterirken, rekombinant bakteri ise, 0,4-0,5 mm’lik titreme hareketi göstermiştir. Yabanıl bakteride yaklaşık 0,2 mm’lik az miktarda belirgin bir yüzme hareketi gözlenirken, rekombinant bakteride 1,1-2,2 mm’lik çok daha belirgin bir hareketin olduğu gözlenmiştir. 24 saatlik süre sonunda kayma hareketi incelendiği zaman rekombinant suş yabanıl tipe göre 30 kata varan bariz bir hareketin olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bakteriler titreme hareketi açısından incelendiğinde, 24 saatlik süre sonunda rekombinant suşun yabanıl tipe göre yaklaşık 2,5 kat daha fazla titreme hareketi gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bakteriler yüzme testi açısından gözlendiğinde, 24 saatlik süre sonunda rekombinant suş, yabanıl tipe göre yaklaşık 10 kat fazla yüzme hareketi yaptığı gözlenmiştir.
The Structure, The Effect of Variety Acids and Treatment Methods of Kidney Stones
Authors: AYTAR Emine , ÖNAL Hacer , YALÇIN Şerife
Published: September 2021

A kidney stone is one of the diseases that people have a lot of suffered and faced very often. Its treatment is generally performed conservatively, medically, or surgically according to the characteristics of the patient and the stone. In this study, the structure of calcium oxalate kidney stone from urinary system stone diseases is examined and the methods used in the treatment of this stone today, the success in the treatment, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were compared and researched acid effect on the structure of these stone. The calcium oxalate structure was synthesized in this study. The effect of acetic acid, acetic acid glacial, citric acid, lemon and hydrochloric acid on this structure was investigated. Then, the structure of stone was determined by XRD, FT-IR and SEM methods. The CaC2O4 stone was synthesized and examined using spectroscopic methods. The X-ray diffraction pattern of all syntheses has a similar structure and has a calcium oxalate peak. It is compatible with the literature. In the FT-IR spectrum, a broad spectrum peak was observed in the region between 3700 and 2760 cm-1 for all studied syntheses. It reveals the COM structure for H6, and the COD structure for H1, H2, H3, and H4. The effects of other acids on synthetic calcium oxalate were compared by using SEM images. It was obtained where the dimensional distribution of the particles was uniform and smaller than the others for the H4 which citric acid was added. It was observed that the tendency to cluster in the particles was higher than the others in the synthesis by adding glacial acetic acid.
Heat transfer performance of a radiator with and without louvered strip by using Graphene-based nanofluids
Authors: MADDERLA Sandhya , RAMASAMY Devarajan , SUDHAKAR K , KADİRGAMA Kumaran , WAN HARUN Wan Sharuzi
Published: September 2021

The present work is focused on the Graphene-based nanofluids with high thermal conductivity which helps to improve the performance and enhance heat transfer. The thermal systems emphasis on the fluid coolant selection and statistical model. Graphene is a super-material, lighter than air, high thermal conductivity, and chemical stability. The purpose of the research is to work up with Graphene-based Nanofluids i.e., Graphene (G) and Graphene oxide (GO). Nanoparticles are dispersed in a base fluid with a 60:40 ratio Water & Ethylene Glycol and at different volume concentrations ranging from 0.01%-0.09%. Radiator model is designed in modelling software and louvered strip is inserted. The simulation (Finite Element Analysis) is performed to evaluate variation in temperature drop, enthalpy, entropy, heat transfer coefficient and total heat transfer rate of the considered nanofluids, results were compared by with and without louvered strip in the radiator for the temperature absorption. 58-60% enhancement of enthalpy observed when Graphene and Graphene oxide nanofluid was utilized. 1.8% enhancement of entropy is observed in 0.09% volume concentration of the Graphene and Graphene oxide nanofluid when louvered strips are inserted in the radiator tube at a flow rate of 3 LPM. With louvered strip inserted in the radiator, heat transfer coefficient enhanced by 236% for Graphene and 320% enhancement is identified for Graphene oxide nanofluid when compared to without louvered strip insert. The results stated that high performance is observed with the utilization of louvered strip in the radiator tube.
Experimental study of combustion of low-calorific producer gas from small scale biomass gasification within porous burner
Authors: JIRAKULSOMCHOK Kanokkarn , WONGCHANG Thawatchai , PRASARTTHONG Karaboon
Published: September 2021

The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the combustion low-calorific producer gas within porous burner. The small scale downdraft biomass gasification for rural area was performed to produce gaseous fuel. Three types of wood in Thailand were used as raw materials to produce producer gas, i.e. Acacia-mangium, White popinac and Eucalyptus. The low heating values of producer gas were in the range of 3800-4232 kJ.kg-1 that are difficult to burn in conventional burner. Tapered and bilayer porous burners were used to overcome this limitation. The effects of air preheating modes, equivalence ratio and firing rate on thermal structure and pollutant emission were revealed. The results showed that the complete combustion with low emission of low-calorific producer gas was accomplished with low firing rate in the range of 2.8 – 3 kW. Both CO and NOx emission were less than 160 ppm for all of tests. The combustion within tapered porous burner emitted small CO emission nearly zero for all of equivalence ratios. The tar reduction was 99.5% by combustion within porous burner.
Does Islamic Microfinance indeed base on Sharia-compliant? The Shreds of Evidence Report in Ogan Komering Ilir regency, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Munir Misbahul , Arifah Resa Arifatul , Dewi Kharisma
Published: September 2021

The development of Islamic economics and finance in Indonesia in the last few decades has experienced significant developments. It can be seen in the increasing number of sharia businesses in various sectors. From financial institutions, both bank and non-bank financial institutions, Islamic capital markets, sharia bonds (Sukuk) to tourism development managed in a sharia manner. Over time, this rapid development must also be balanced with compliance with sharia values. This study aims to assess Islamic microfinance institutions (BMT) in implementing sharia principles in their products. The product studied in this study is Murabahah. This research uses a qualitative approach with field studies. The results of this study, the BMT studied in this study in general, have implemented sharia values. The implication of this research is to strengthen the compliance of Islamic financial institutions in implementing Islamic values. This research can also be used as a reference by related parties, especially in developing Islamic financial institutions.
Clinical profile of young females with systemic lupus erythematosus: an observational study
Authors: Tandi Rishman , Kumar Tanvi , Singh Atamjeet , Kathura Harmanpal
Published: September 2021

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder predominantly affecting women of child bearing age group and is known to require significant lifestyle modifications. The manifestations of SLE are myriad and it may virtually affect every system of affected individual. We Undertook this study to know the clinical profile of young female patients having SLE. The aim of the study was to study clinical features and medical therapy of young female patients having SLE.Methods: This was a prospective study in which 60 female patients diagnosed to be having lupus were included on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Investigations relevant to the diagnosis such as Antinuclear antibodies, Antiphospholipid Antibodies, Anti B2GP1 IgG, Anti-dsDNA antibody, Anti Smith Antibody and complement (C3 and C4) levels were done in all the cases. Other investigations such as imaging studies were done in selected cases. Clinical features and medical management being taken by these patients were analyzed. SSPS 21.0 software was used for statistical purpose.Results: The mean duration of the disease in studied cases was found to be 6.96±4.51 years. Malar rash was the commonest type of rash seen in these patients and was present in 53 (88.33%). Arthralgia with or without arthritis was seen in 54 (90%) of the cases. Anemia was the most common hematological abnormality and was seen in 17 (28.33%) patients. Renal involvement in the form of proteinuria was seen in 25 (41.67%) cases. The most common form of pulmonary involvement was pleural effusion which was seen in 4 (6.67%) patients. Cardiovascular manifestations were seen in 11 patients (18.33%).Conclusions: SLE usually affect women of child bearing age group and have a myriad clinical presentation. A thorough knowledge of various clinical presentations and a high index of suspicion is necessary to diagnose SLE particularly in its early stages.
Haiti Pension System: Recommendations to Improve the Regulation
Authors: Robles Edgar A.
Published: September 2021

This tenth document of the PLAC Network Technical Assistance Document Series, entitled “Haiti pension system - Recommendations to improve the regulation”, provides general recommendations for the regulatory framework of the pension system in Haiti and tries to identify broad key policy options to improve the performance of the pension system. The policies are directed to strengthen and harmonize the rules of governance for the Office Nationale d'Assurance-Vieillesse (ONA), which covers private salaried workers, and the Plan de Retraite de l'Administration Publique (PRAP), to increase their capacity to manage risks, facilitate supervision of pension funds, improve sustainability, adequacy and equity, and establish guidelines for investments policies.
Russian Legal Framework for Digital Financial Assets
Authors: Sannikova Larisa
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the new Russian law on digital financial assets. The adoption of this law was an important step towards the formation of a legal framework for cryptoassets in Russia. Four types of legal framework models for crypto-assets around the world are identified: adaptation, fragmentary, experimental, and innovative. The Russian model of the legal framework for digital financial assets is close to an innovative model. The article analyses legal definitions of new legal concepts, such as "digital rights", "digital financial assets" and "digital currency". They represent different types of cryptoassets and are considered  property under Russian civil law. A special legal status has been established forthe exchange operator of digital financial assets and for the operator of the information system in which digital financial assets are issued.The article describes the legal requirements for such participants in the cryptomarket, which are established to protect consumers from fraud and mismanagement. Particular attention is paid to the legal regulation of the issuance and circulation of cryptocurrencies, which the law names as digital currencies. Digital currency is not recognised as a legal means of payment in Russia.It can only be issued and circulated using the Russian information infrastructure.Based on the analysis of the new law, it is concluded that the Russian monetary authorities are not interested in establishing a complete and clear legal framework for participants in the cryptomarket.Their new initiatives aim to tighten regulation of the circulation of digital financial assets, especially digital currency.
System to Track Access in Digital Economy Systems
Authors: Grusho Alexander
Published: September 2021

Leakage of protected data became an acute topic. The system tracking who, where and when has accessed a certain record of such a type of data could be a help in investigating vulnerabilities and weaknesses in defense. Also, it could name and point out responsible staff for the leakage with all legal and justice consequences. The paper considers an approach to build a system to register such kind of facts. The essence is to apply the distributed ledger technology, which is an open data storage. The system allows you to identify users who are trying to retrieve valuable information. At present, a technical and theoretical basis is ready for such solutions. Analysis of the current situation in the area under consideration shows that all the leading players in this segment of the IT market, in parallel with the development of mathematical models and methods of problem-oriented data mining, pay significant attention to the development of special software and hardware tools to support the performance of such tool solutions.
Naturally occurring Girinimbine alkaloid inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human breast cancer cells via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of MEK/ERK and STAT3 signalling pathways
Authors: Yang Lihong , Yu Xuehui
Published: September 2021

The currently used anticancer drugs against breast cancer possess serious side effects, have limited efficacy, and often lead to recurrence of the malignancy. The main aim of this research was to investigate the anticancer potential of Girinimbine, a naturally occurring carbazole alkaloid, against ER-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-453) along with its effects on cell migration and invasion, apoptosis, and MEK/ERK/STAT3 pathway. MTT assay was used to evaluate antiproliferative effects of Girinimbine while a clonogenic assay was used to study cell colony formation. Transwell migration and invasion assays were involved to study its effects on cell migration and invasion. Fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange/ethidium bromide was used to study apoptotic effects of girinimbine which was quantified by annexin v-FITC assay. Effects of girinimbine on MEK/ERK and STAT3 signalling pathways were evaluated by western blot assay. Results showed that girinimbine exhibited dose-dependent as well as time-dependent antiproliferative effects in MDA-MB-453 cells along with strongly inhibiting the cell colony potency of these cancerous cells. Girinimbine can inhibit both cancer cell migration as well as invasion. Girinimbine has induced potent chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. The percentage of both early and late apoptotic cells increased significantly after girinimbine exposure. The anticancer effects of girinimbine were shown to be mediated via inhibition of the MEK/ERK as well as STAT3 signalling pathways. In conclusion, it may be proposed that girinimbine could be a promising anticancer agent against breast cancer, provided further in-depth studies are carried out.
Convencionalização e apropriação na agricultura orgânica: análise entre agricultores da região meridional brasileira
Authors: Bastian Lillian , Da Rosa Nadir Paula
Published: September 2021

A apropriação da produção dos insumos e da fabricação das ferramentas agrícolas por atores não agricultores foi um processo propagado pela Revolução Verde. Atualmente, essa apropriação vem sendo identificada entre as agriculturas de base ecológica concatenando-se ao processo de convencionalização dos orgânicos. Neste sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo averiguar se o processo de apropriacionismo é visualizado entre agricultores orgânicos certificados. Para essa averiguação, coletaram-se dados com agricultores e técnicos. E a apropriação foi verificada para os seguintes insumos: adubos, compostos, biofertilizantes, defensivos naturais e sementes. Os resultados encontrados denotam uma apropriação, principalmente, ao nível dos adubos e compostos. Ademais, há um incipiente processo de integração entre agroindústria e agricultores orgânicos. Entretanto, ressalta-se que a agricultura orgânica apresenta uma característica que facilita a independência de insumos externos: a autossuficiência em termos de renovação da fertilidade do solo nos agroecossistemas que se encontram em estado equilibrado e são diversificados.
Deceptive Design: Cookie Consent and Manipulative Patterns
Authors:   Umeå University, Digital Media Lab, Sweden, Mejtoft Thomas , Frängsmyr Erik , Söderström Ulrik ,   Umeå University, Digital Media Lab, Sweden, Norberg Ole ,   Umeå University, Digital Media Lab, Sweden
Published: September 2021

As a larger proportion of our lives moves onto the web, so does important and valuable information. This has led to an increase in different kinds of manipulative patterns (dark patterns) in web design with the sole purpose of being deceptive and tricking users. This paper discusses the comprehensive suite of deceptive design patterns on Internet services where the users are expected to comply with the use of cookies. This was done by analyzing 50 different home cooking recipe websites, regarding their appliance to GDPR and how they use different dark patterns in their design. Even though legislation tries to move the choices from the website to the user, it is clear that by using deceptive design patterns it is possible to “bypass” the legislation and trick the user into making a favorable choice for the owners behind the website. The results show that out of the websites that were GDPR approved, a majority still use two types of deceptive design patterns - misdirection and sneak into basket.
The Shape of Bottom-Up Urbanism Participatory Platforms: A Conceptualisation and Empirical Study
Authors:   Technische Universität Braunschweig, Chair of Information Management, Braunschweig, Germany, Abel Pascal , Miether Dennis ,   Technische Universität Braunschweig, Chair of Information Management, Braunschweig, Germany, Plötzky Florian ,   Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Information Systems, Braunschweig, Germany, Robra-Bissantz Susanne ,   Technische Universität Braunschweig, Chair of Information Management, Braunschweig, Germany
Published: September 2021

Citizens around the world are changing their urban environment through bottom-up projects. They are increasingly using digital platforms to come together. From the perspective of smart city research, this form of participation and interaction with city administrations has not yet been researched and defined. In our study we suggest a conceptualisation of bottomup urbanism participatory platforms and analysed 143 platforms. We identified 23 platforms as our study sample. They vary in their focus from implementation to funding or discussion. Therefor we found a broad range of participation mechanisms. A wide range of employment or voluntary work of staff members was shown. A heterogeneous picture also emerged regarding other characteristics (e.g. funding size, users or number of projects). One thing they have in common is their good cooperation with cities and regional actors.
Soft Skills of The Chief Information Security Officer
Authors:   HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands, van Yperen Hagedoorn Jeroen M.J. , Smit Richard ,   Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Versteeg Patric ,   HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands, Ravesteijn Pascal ,   HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
Published: September 2021

This study addresses the role of a Dutch chief information security officer (CISO) and the soft skills required in this leadership role. The overview of soft skills is the outcome of the CISO perspectives in a Delphi study combined with an analysis of soft skills mentioned in job ads. A comparison with an earlier US-based study revealed that soft skills are ranked differently by Dutch CISOs. Moreover, we found that soft skills are not clearly described in job ads – none of these ads had explicitly listed soft skills. The present study demonstrates that CISOs with soft skills are in demand. The development of soft skills starts at a young age through various social activities and is also the result of self-actuation. The practical implications of this study are that it offers insights into the soft skills required for the role and discusses best-fitting leadership styles and ways in which organisations should include soft skills in recruitment.
Women development in agriculture as agency for fostering innovative agricultural financing in Nigeria
Authors:   University of the Witwatersrand, Akokuwebe Monica Ewomazino , Amusan L ,   North West University, Odularu G ,   Bay Atlantic University
Published: September 2021

The significant contribution of women in agricultural development cannot be over-emphasised. Women farmers are commonly side-lined and their efforts under-valued in conventional agricultural and economic evaluations despite the substantial impact they have made in the sector. Globally, women’s contributions to the agricultural sector have been appraised as the world’s major producers and organisers of food crops where half of the world’s foods have been grown by them. In Africa, Nigeria included, women dominate and play major roles in producing subsistence crops and livestock. Their contribution to agriculture is estimated to be 65% in Nigeria. However, their contributions are undermined largely because women are often economically marginalised. Though women are food producers for most of the households in rural areas, their marginalisation has been historical. Factors hindering women from accessing agricultural financing include patriarchy, an unfavourable land tenure system that deprives women of access to collateral security in accessing bank loans and the vagueness of women’s limited self-agency. Anchored in patriarchal and liberal feminism theories, this study examines how Nigerian women are marginalised in selected spheres of agrarian livelihoods in the south-eastern parts of Nigeria. South-East Nigerian women farmers participate fully in all key stages of farming activities such as production, processing and marketing of food crops. The Igbo men cultivate mainly cash crops. Similarly, in the Northern parts of Nigeria, women are only allowed to participate in certain stages of cash crop growing but they are fully allowed to engage in subsistence farming as they are relegated to home front activities. Patriarchy limits women's access and control over land resources in all forms. Patriarchal and liberal feminism denoted that the actions and ideas of male farmers dominant over those of women has prevented female farmers the autonomy and freedom to become rational beings. This paper recommends mainstreaming of gender in the design, implementation and monitoring of agricultural policies and programmes for inclusive financing for food security and sustainable development.
Effects of fresh shoot biomass of siam weed Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and H. Robinson on the germination and growth of okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) moench
Authors:   Federal University Oye Ekiti, Ajewole Tolulope , Ayesa AS ,   Chrisland University, Popoola KM , Ajiboye MD , Oluwole BR , Kolawole OS ,   Federal University Kashere
Published: September 2021

This study was carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State. Investigation was carried out on the effects of Fresh Shoot Biomass of Chromolaena odorata on okra Abelmoschus esculentus. For the laboratory experiment, about 5g, 10g, 15g and 20g each of Chromolaena odorata was weighed into plastic bottles each containing 250ml of distilled water for 24 hours. Two millilitres of the leachate was used to water the seeds of okra that was placed in Petri dishes. Each treatment had five replicates that contained four seeds of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). For the screening experiment, loamy top soil, fresh shoot, stems and leaves of Chromolaena odorata were collected within Federal University Oye Ekiti environment and crushed into smaller bits using mortar and pestle. Three seeds, each of okra that was planted in all the pots. The growth variables considered include radicle length, plumule length, number of roots, for the green house experiment the plant height, leaf area, stem girth, and pod weight were also observed. The leachate of Chromolaena odorata resulted to a reduction in radicle length, plumule length and number of roots. The radicle length of okra treated with leachates of 15g/250ml were adversely affected, while the plumule length of 5g/250ml, 15g/250ml and 20g/250ml greatly decreased compared to the control. The highest decrease in number of roots was noticed in the 15g/250ml concentration. The control plant had the highest plant height increased in a concentration dependent manner with exception of those treated with 200g, the leaf area of the control plant was observed to be lower than all the treatment plants, but it increased in a concentration dependent manner. Also, there was a concentration dependent increase in the steam girth of A. esculentus. The pod weight of the treated plants were lower than the control. The plant treated with 50g highest moisture content, the fat content was higher in the control and plant treated with 50g than the other treated plant. The protein content of the treatment plants was observed to be significantly higher when compared to the control plant. Crude fiber content of the treatment plant was significantly higher than the treatment plants. The ash content of the control was significantly lower than the treated plants, the carbohydrate content of the control plant increased significantly compared to the treatment plant with the lowest at 150g treated plant. The study concluded that the leachate and FSB affected the seed germination, growth and the food content of Abelmoschus esculentus.
Patterns of rice production and yields in south eastern Nigeria
Authors:   University of Nigeria, Mba Lilian Chinedu , Ajaero CK , Obetta AE
Published: September 2021

This study assessed the patterns of rice production and yields in South Eastern Nigeria. The study focused on clusters of production systems and estimation of rice yields. The study adopted a questionnaire survey design. The instrument was subjected to face and content validation by three experts and the reliability of the instrument was determined with an internal consistency of 0.79. Four states, three Local Government Areas (LGAs) from each of the selected states were purposively selected, while two communities were randomly selected from each of the twelve LGAs making a total of twenty four communities. Twenty farm households were randomly selected from each of the two communities making a total of forty farm households per LGA. In all, a total of four hundred and eighty farm households were sampled. Data were collected on the rice types, patterns and yields in South Eastern Nigeria. Data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation with STATA software. The results on the patterns of rice production showed that rain-fed dry upland and shallow fadama rice systems were the most widespread rice production systems across the states in the study area. Valley bottoms or ‘deep fadama’ are practiced in Anambra, Enugu and Ebonyi States. The preferred rice type in Anambra, Enugu and Ebonyi States is MAS 2401, while IR 1416 is the chief variety at Uzo-Uwani LGA of Enugu States and FARO 16 is the most preferred rice type in Abia State. The null hypothesis indicates that there exists a statistically significant variation in the patterns of rice production across the study areas. The mean yield estimation curve identified that Ebonyi State recorded the highest mean estimation production value of (7,805kg/ha) in rice production. The Pearson correlation results indicate that a very high (0.91) relationship exists between rice production patterns and yields in the study area. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the variations in the patterns of rice production across the study had resultant effect on the rice yields. It was recommended that policy makers should address the needs of local rice farmers by providing agricultural interventions at State and Local Government levels through improved agronomic practices, better inputs management and efficient water management to boost production and enable Nigeria attain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on food security [25].
Effect of Seed Treatment and Nutrient Schedule on the Productivity of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Yamini V. , Anilkumar A.S.
Published: September 2021

Background: Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is an important short duration crop and is grown throughout the country. Seed treatment can improve seedling establishment and better crop stand; it also improves plants ability to tolerate stress at early growth stages and foliar application has the advantage of quick and efficient utilization of nutrients, elimination of nutrient losses through leaching and fixation in soil and also helps in regulating the uptake of nutrients by plants thus improving productivity. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2018 at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram to assess the effect of different levels of seed treatments and nutrient schedule on the growth and yield of blackgram. The growth attributes, yield attributes and yield viz., number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, length of pod, 100 seed weight, grain yield, haulm yield and harvest index were favorably influenced by the treatments. Result: Seed treatment with borax @ 1 g kg-1 seed and sodium molybdate @ 1 g kg-1 seed were observed superior in increasing plant height (135.84 cm), number of trifoliate leaves per plant (7.61), pods per plant (24.16), length of pod (5.23 cm), 100 seed weight (6.74 g), grain yield (1005 kg ha-1) and harvest index (0.38). Significantly higher nodule number (41.83), effective nodule number (33.83) and weight of nodules (58.83 mg) plant-1 at flowering were documented with sodium molybdate @ 1 g kg-1 seed. In case of seeds per pod significantly higher number of pods per plant (7.33) was observed with borax @ 2 g kg-1 seed and maximum haulm yield (1854 kg ha-1) reported with sodium molybdate @ 1 g kg-1 seed. The basal application of ½ N + full P + ½ K followed by ½ N and ½ K as foliar spray of 13:0:45 at 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS produced significantly more 100 seed weight (6.52 g), grain yield (872 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1750 kg ha-1). Interaction effect of boron and molybdenum also showed significant influence with respect to yield attributes and yield.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcome Following Elective Cesarean Section based on Progesterone Levels in High Risk Pregnant Dogs
Authors: Sophia X. , Jayakumar C. , Abhilash R.S. , Magnus P.K. , Dhanush K.B.
Published: September 2021

Background: Elective cesarean section (CS) is an appropriate therapeutic modality in high risk pregnant dogs and it is scheduled following a drop in serum progesterone to less than 2ng/ml. However, a series of progesterone assays are required to confirm this drop in serum progesterone levels and this voluntary waiting period often results in foetal loss. The present study aimed to assess the innocuity of elective CS in dogs before the prepartum decline of serum progesterone, without administration of any priming agents. Methods: Elective CS was performed on an estimated day 63 of ovulation in seven high risk pregnant dogs with a serum progesterone level between 2-5 ng/ml (Group I) and maternal and neonatal outcomes were assessed in comparison with nine dogs that underwent elective CS at serum progesterone less than 2 ng/ml (Group II). Histopathological examination of lung tissue from dead neonates was performed to ascertain the presence of type II pneumocytes for assessing lung maturity. Result: Even though progesterone levels were above 2 ng/ml in dogs of Group I at the time of elective CS (3.11±0.29 ng/mL), the live birth rate was 96.97 per cent with acceptable neonatal survival. The histopathology of lung tissue from dead neonates from Group I revealed the presence of type II pneumocytes. The study suggested that elective CS in dogs could be done on day 63 after ovulation without compromising foetal lung maturity and a drop in serum progesterone level to less than 2 ng/ml was not mandatory for puppy survivability.
MODELOS MENTAIS DOS ALUNOS SOBRE A PILHA DE DANIELL: investigação com o aplicativo stop motion
Authors: Mattiolli Rodrigues Angélica , Bizarria Gibin Gustavo
Published: September 2021

Neste trabalho foram realizadas investigações sobre os modelos mentais dos alunos sobre as transformações eletroquímicas na pilha de Daniell. Para isso, utilizou-se como referencial teórico a teoria de modelos mentais de Johnson-Laird, e foi aplicado um minicurso de 9 horas para 23 alunos do Ensino Médio da Escola Estadual Professor Francisco Balduíno de Souza em Quatá – SP, o qual envolveu a elaboração de animações por meio do aplicativo Stop Motion, realização de experimentos e relatórios pelos alunos. Tais atividades desenvolvidas, além do questionário aplicado, forneceram dados sobre as modificações nos modelos mentais dos alunos sobre a geração de corrente elétrica e aspectos relacionados às reações químicas representadas em nível atômico-molecular. A metodologia de pesquisa envolveu uma análise qualitativa dos dados, pois o nível de abstração dos modelos mentais demanda tal tratamento, ao se investigar o processo de compreensão dos sistemas eletroquímicos com auxílio de materiais imagéticos associados às animações. Como resultado, observou-se que muitos dos alunos possuem uma noção superficial sobre o funcionamento submicroscópico ou atômico-molecular dos sistemas eletroquímicos, e falta de experiência na elaboração de relatórios de experimentação. Os vídeos desenvolvidos em Stop Motion demonstraram a dificuldade dos envolvidos em compreender a estequiometria das reações, o processo de transferência de elétrons e aspectos inerentes às etapas intermediárias das reações químicas, pontos falhos que podem ser detectados por meio da técnica empregada e corrigidos pelo professor ao longo do processo de ensino-aprendizagem.Palavras-chave: Ensino de Química. Eletroquímica. Smartphone.
Comparación de los métodos Demirjian, Cameriere y Nolla para la estimación de la edad dental según la edad cronológica en una población peruana
Authors:   , Perales Quito Liz Mónica , Huaman Ñahuinlla Andrea Gianella
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Comparar los métodos de Demirjian, Nolla y Cameriere para la estimación de la edad según la edad cronológica en una población peruana. Materiales y métodos: El diseño del estudio es de tipo descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se seleccionaron 193 radiografías panorámicas aleatoriamente de niños de 6 a 14 años de edad. Se compararon la edad cronológica (EC) y la edad dental (ED) según los métodos de Nolla, Demirjian y Cameriere, utilizando las Pruebas de Rangos de Wilcoxon y Kruskall Wallis. Resultados: La media de la EC fue de 8.77±2.34 y 8.90±2.04 años para el género femenino y masculino, respectivamente. La diferencia de medias de la EC y ED de acuerdo con los métodos Nolla años, Demirjian y Cameriere años fue de -0.38, 0.96 y -0.29 años, respectivamente, para la muestra total de estudio. Conclusiones: Se encontró una correlación positiva para los tres métodos estudiados, sin embargo, el método de Demirjian mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa con una subestimación de -0.91 años en la muestra total. Asimismo, el método de Cameriere fue el que tuvo más cercanía a la edad cronológica.
Comparación de los métodos Demirjian, Cameriere y Nolla para la estimación de la edad dental según la edad cronológica en una población peruana
Authors:   ,   INTELEGO SCRL, Woodman Larrea Jilliane
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar cómo se adopta el rol materno en mujeres que tienen hijos con habilidades diferentes de acuerdo a su entorno familiar y social. Para este fin, se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo utilizando la técnica de la entrevista semiestructurada en ocho mujeres de nivel socioeconómico alto, entre 45 y 55 años de edad, madres de jóvenes adultos con habilidades diferentes. Los principales resultados indican que la identidad materna es construida en distintos estadios a lo largo de la interacción madre-hijo y que el apoyo familiar y social cumplen un papel importante en la consolidación de dicho vínculo. Se concluye que para que las mujeres con las características de esta muestra construyan y adopten un rol materno equilibrado y saludable, necesitan de la participación activa de su entorno inmediato, es decir, de un microsistema comprometido y promotor de asistencia abocada al bienestar tanto de la madre como del hijo.