bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The skin microbiome and atopic dermatitis: a review
Authors: Olisova Olga Yu. , Svitich Oxana A. , Potapova Mariia B.
Published: May 2022

Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that may be accompanied by food allergy, allergic rhinitis or asthma. The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is complex and based on interaction between an impaired epidermal barrier, immune dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immunity and the skin microbiome.
The skin microbiome plays an essential role in the development and, consequently, normal functioning of the skin immune system. The term microbiome is used to describe the collection of microorganisms and its genomic elements in a particular ecological niche. These microbial communities comprise a variety of microorganisms, including eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria, viruses and skin mites. The bacterial community of the skin is conditionally divided into two groups. Resident bacteria belong to a group of microorganisms that live relatively permanently on the surface of the skin. They are often referred to as commensal bacteria, which are necessary for the normal development and maintenance of the bodys immune defenses. In turn, transient microorganisms that temporarily inhabit the surface of the skin enter it from the environment and persist from several hours to several days. Under normal conditions, with proper hygiene and normal integrity of the skin barrier, resident and transient microbes are not pathogenic. Thus, cutaneous dysbiosis can lead to immune system overactivity as well as inflammatory skin conditions. It has been shown that the relationships between microbes within the skin surface play an important role in the development of atopic dermatitis.
Moreover, exacerbations of the atopic dermatitis are associated not only with the loss of microbial diversity but also with the predominance of Staphylococcus aureus.
Further skin microbiome studies and thus understanding of its role in atopic dermatitis could provide an effective therapeutic approach to restore well-balanced skin microbiome.
Comparative study of the effectiveness of combination therapy of vitiligo with methotrexate in combination with medium-wave narrow-band therapy UVB-311 nm and monotherapy UVB-311 nm
Authors: Tavitova Alana R. , Lomonosov Konstantin M.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Vitiligo, a multifactorial chronic acquired disease with a genetic predisposition, occurs due to the destruction of melanocytes of the skin and is characterized by the appearance of foci of depigmentation. Despite the fact that new therapies are emerging, there are no actual treatment regimens that would guarantee a positive result, including stopping the progression of the process, repigmentation. In this regard, it is advisable to search for drugs that have an immunosuppressive effect.
AIMS: Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of methotrexate in combination with UVB-311 nm and UVB-311 nm monotherapy in vitiligo.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 77 patients suffering from progressive vitiligo were included in this study. All patients were divided into 2 groups. A course of methotrexate therapy in combination with UV therapy was prescribed to 39 patients, UVB-311 nm monotherapy was performed in 38 patients. The lesion area relative to the body surface area was estimated using the VES index (Vitiligo extent score) on the vitiligo calculator. The effect of the disease on the quality of life was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The duration of the study was 6 months.
RESULTS: The patients included in the study were divided into two groups randomly. There were 39 patients in group I, 38 in group II. 76 out of 77 patients completed it: 1 patient was excluded due to increased hepatic transaminases during methotrexate therapy. Among patients receiving combination therapy with methotrexate in combination with medium-wave narrow-band therapy UVB-311 nm, there was a more pronounced decrease in the percentage of depigmentation relative to the body surface area. And also patients of this group demonstrated the most active positive dynamics of the Dermatology Life Quality Index than patients who received only phototherapy.
CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated good clinical efficacy of the drug. Small doses of methotrexate have a positive effect on the tolerability of the drug and prevent the development of side effects, which makes it possible to influence pathogenetic mechanisms for a long time, stabilizing the skin process.
Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome. Clinical case
Authors: Snarskaya Elena S. , Medvedeva Yana N.
Published: May 2022

This clinical case is of interest due to the rare occurrence of MelkerssonRosenthal syndrome in the population, as well as the difficulty in diagnosing and achieving remission of this disease.
MelkerssonRosenthal syndrome is a rare chronic relapsing dermatosis in the population, in typical cases characterized by a triad of symptoms: macrocheilitis, neuropathy of the facial nerve and folding of the tongue. However, much more often the disease manifests monosymptomically. The etiology of the syndrome has not been definitively studied: the infectious and allergic component, inflammatory processes of the facial nerve, genetic predisposition, as well as contact with metals (cobalt and gold) are considered as the determining causes. The diagnosis is based on clinical data and the results of a pathomorphological study. With a monosymptomatic (only the presence of macroheilitis) course of MelkerssonRosenthal syndrome, a differential diagnosis is carried out with angioedema Quincke, lymphangioma, hemangioma, lip abscess and other cheilitis.
The clinical picture of dermatosis is localized on the face and is a significant problem, significantly affecting the social status of patients and is highly threatened in relation to the development of dysmorphophobia.
The presented clinical case is rare in the practice of a dermatologist, patients with a similar pathology turn to dentists, allergists, where the clinical picture is regarded as Quinckes edema. Given the rare occurrence of MelkerssonRosenthal syndrome in the population and the difficulty of diagnosing the disease, the presented clinical case is indicative, since in our case the patient has only 2 main symptoms (folded tongue, macrocheilitis) and there is no clinical picture of facial neuritis.
Timely diagnosis and a thorough examination of patients with MelkerssonRosenthal syndrome contribute to the greatest effectiveness of therapy and the achievement of a stable remission of the disease.
Clinical case of porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: Motorina Anna V. , Palkina Nadezhda V. , Khorzhevsky Vladimir A. , Fefelova Yulia A.
Published: May 2022

Cutaneous porphyria tarda is a rare skin disease characterized by a chronic course and the appearance of painful vesicular elements on the skin, localized mainly in open areas of the body under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. It is known that the development of porphyria in about a third of cases is familial and can also be associated with alcohol abuse, exposure to gasoline and other toxic substances, smoking, the presence of HIV infection, high iron levels in the body and liver damage with viral hepatitis C. A key link in the pathogenesis late cutaneous porphyria is considered a violation of the function of one of the enzymes in the liver cells involved in the synthesis of heme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, which causes a violation of pigment metabolism with increased accumulation of porphyrins in the body, which are deposited in the skin and act as endogenous photosensitizers.
As an auxiliary tool for differential diagnosis in case of suspicion of late cutaneous porphyria, in addition to collecting a detailed anamnesis, it is necessary to clarify the presence of a pathognomonic symptom ― a change in the color of urine, since the accumulation of porphyrin in the body in some cases can change the color of urine to reddish-brown. Another tool is a skin biopsy, which usually helps with differential diagnosis.
In the treatment of late cutaneous porphyria, in addition to the treatment of viral hepatitis C, low doses of hydroxychloroquine are used. Although the disease is not completely curable, its course can be successfully controlled. In this regard, timely diagnosis of tardive cutaneous porphyria allows for control of the disease. The elimination and treatment of skin manifestations consists in the primary elimination of those factors that provoked the exacerbation of the disease. Such patients need to wear protective clothing, limit exposure to sunlight as much as possible, since to date there are no means that significantly reduce the level of porphyrin and restore the enzymatic insufficiency of uroporphyrinohendecarboxylase.
Molecular genetic testing is relevant in order to further reduce the risk of developing the disease in offspring, which requires limiting factors that reduce the levels and activity of uroporphyrinohendecarboxylase.
The search and development of effective drugs for the treatment of late cutaneous porphyria continues all over the world.
In the present paper we present a clinical case of cutaneous porphyria tarda associated with hepatitis C virus infection.
Сomplex of recommendations for prevention of bite disorders in students of Saint Petersburg of the Cadet Housing of the Boarding Bedroom of the Russian Defense Ministry
Authors: Nikitenko Vitaly V. , Zheleznyak Vladimir A. , Fedorova Anastasia V. , Polevaya Larisa P. , Spesivets Alexander F.
Published: May 2022

The article presents data on the analysis of the prevalence of malocclusion and the position of individual teeth among the pupils of the Saint Petersburg Cadet Corps of the Boarding School of pupils of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. During the examination of girls aged 1014 years, in addition to the standard dental examination, the state of the dentition was assessed for the presence of pathology of the closure of the dentition, the position of individual teeth, as well as factors for the development of conditions such as impaired attachment of the frenulum of the lips and tongue, oral breathing, bad habits, parafunction of the tongue, dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint. At the same time, a high prevalence of malocclusion and the position of individual teeth in the surveyed contingent was revealed 93.8%. The analysis of the nature of violations of the closure of the dentition was carried out. Considering that the timely determination of the presence of factors for the development of malocclusion, as well as the pathological types of occlusions, and the position of individual teeth can reduce the time and volume of orthodontic treatment, the prevalence of this pathology was assessed and recommendations were developed in accordance with the severity of the identified pathology. It was noted that about half of the surveyed (47.1 %) have moderately expressed, and a quarter (24.2 %) have severe orthodontic pathology. Based on the analysis of factors predisposing to the development and progression of malocclusion, as well as the need for orthodontic treatment, dynamic observation groups were formed to prevent and treat this pathology. A set of recommendations is proposed that is used in the presence of changes in occlusion and predisposing factors, which allows not only to identify and eliminate their causes in a timely manner, but also to take a differentiated approach to the choice of an algorithm and scope of actions in each specific clinical situation with a given pathology (bibliography: 13 refs).
The XVIII century in the history of the military medical academy: on the question of the date of its foundation
Authors: Kotiv Bogdan N. , Ovchinnikov Dmitrii V. , Ivchenko Evgeniy V.
Published: May 2022

One of the oldest medical universities in Russia, an object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy over the course of its centuries-old history has repeatedly changed the date of its foundation, and even more often it has been disputed. For the first almost a hundred years after the acquisition of the status of academy the first meeting of the conference in 1800 was considered as the starting point of its foundation. Then, a repeated decree from 1798 on the construction of one of the academic buildings was taken as a starting point, although the commemorative plaque and documents indicate the time of construction in 17961808. Already in the 1730s. two imperial decrees were issued, which regulated the staff from the standpoint of education and stated the rules relating to training personnel. 12 years before its official foundation, the academy had already acquired the right to award the doctor`s degree of medicine. In 1937, the commission under the leadership of Professor V.N. Shevkunenko decided to consider the foundation date of the academy as 1786. In 1939, the academy celebrated its 140th anniversary, taking as a basis the approved report of Baron A.I. Vasiliev, where the word academy was first heard. Researchers of the XX beginning of the XXI century stop at the dates of 1733 or 1735. In our article, we tried to draw the readers attention to inconsistencies in approaches and facts in order to re-initiate a discussion about the currently accepted date of the foundation of the Military Medical Academy. We believe that it is the formation of the personnel training system that should be the fundamental factor in determining the beginning of the academy (3 figs, bibliography: 12 refs).
Informatization of medical supply of the armed forces in military conflicts based on the concept of netcentric control
Authors: Krainyukov Pavel E. , Kuandykov Maxim G. , Singilevich Dmitry A. , Abashin Viktor G.
Published: May 2022

AIM: to determine the principles and assess the possibilities of informatization of medical support of the Armed Forces in military conflicts based on the concept of network-centric control.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A content analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources has been carried out for the identification and subsequent analysis of the organizational aspects of creating a network-centric model for managing medical support in general and medical personnel in particular, capable of performing the tasks assigned to it in high-tech military conflicts (wars).
RESULTS: The definition of the concept of network-centric medical support is formulated as a system of measures aimed at increasing the capabilities of medical units in modern wars and military conflicts in order to reduce sanitary losses and return to service the maximum number of wounded and sick by creating a communication and information space and combining all medical systems. provision in a single network. The principles of using the network-centric approach to the construction of a promising management system for medical services are formulated. The results of approbation of a network-centric approach to solving problems of medical support of troops actions are presented. The tools for ensuring the consolidation and optimal use of the organizational potential and information and analytical resources of the medical service management bodies and military medical organizations are characterized.
CONCLUSION: It is shown that the creation of a unified medical information system will significantly increase the efficiency of medical support without a quantitative increase in service. The authors give a report that it is difficult, but quite possible, to catch up with the leading foreign countries in terms of opportunities, availability and quality of medical supplies with network-centric control. For this, it is necessary in parallel to consider, develop and implement a program designed to create a system of network-centric control of military medical organizations and medical support of troops in general, to launch a process of elaborating a theory and testing ideas (bibliography: 20 refs).
An Intelligent Multi-Objective Evolutionary Model for Establishing Security in Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Satish Babu Jampani , Krishna Mohan Gonuguntla
Published: May 2022

The modelling of an efficient CPS is emphasis with the origin of novel functionality over the applications with various design elements. These elements are generally uncertain where these elements include sensors, scheduling, resources, and optimization process. Here, an extensive analysis is carried out with the modelling of CPS element-driven problem formulation. The formulated problems are resolved using a multi-objective evolutionary (MOEA) algorithm to show the intelligence of the optimization approach in the CPS design level. The proposed MOEA shows the viability of the CPS element-driven problem in an explicit manner. The feasibility of the uncertain CPS is measured with the suitability measures in diverse perspectives. The efficiency of the MOEA is examined over the MATLAB 2020a simulation environment. The proposed MOEA model gives better trade-off in contrary to prevailing optimization approaches.
Factors Influencing Adoption of Mobile Health Monitoring System: Extending UTAUT2 with Trust
Authors: Azeez Noor Dheyaa , Mohammed Niebal Younis
Published: May 2022

Mobile patient monitoring systems are among the most important systems that seek to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of services provided to patients. The study would aim to investigate the influencing factors of ambulatory patient monitoring system adoption from the patients' perspective. The proposed model in this study included the (UTAUT2) factors of the extended unified theory of technology acceptance with the addition of a confidence factor. To collect the data, a questionnaire was used, which was distributed to 200 participants. The results of the study showed that performance expectations, price value, effort expectation, and confidence positively and significantly affect behavioral intention. Moreover, in the last section, the study's directions and future directions will be discussed.
Developing of Augmented Reality Media Containing Grebeg Pancasila for Character Learning in Elementary School
Authors: Septinaningrum  , Hakam Kama Abdul , Setiawan Wawan , Agustin Mubiar
Published: May 2022

Augmented reality media containing Grebeg Pancasila is the right tool for character learning in elementary schools. This research aims to (1) develop AR media containing Grebeg Pancasila for character learning in elementary schools, (2) find out its feasibility, and (3) test its effectiveness. The method used was the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. This research was conducted in elementary schools in Blitar City. The data were collected using literature study, observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The data were then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings indicate that 3D AR media containing Grebeg Pancasila adds to the reality of the Grebeg Pancasila rite as the content of local wisdom in character learning. This media aims to provide complete knowledge about Grebeg Pancasila and support the learning of mutual cooperation. The media is attractive, portable, user-friendly, usable, and following the development of the 21st century. AR media containing Grebeg Pancasila was feasible for field testing through descriptive and inferential statistical tests. It has been proven that the media has a positive effect on the effectiveness of elementary school students' mutual cooperation character learning with a Sig 2-Tailed value of 0.00 (< 0.05).
Egzekwowanie obowiązku zakrywania ust i nosa w związku z przeciwdziałaniem epidemii koronawirusa na podstawie przepisów Kodeksu wykroczeń
Authors: Bień-Węgłowska Iwona
Published: May 2022

The Sars-CoV-2 virus epidemic and the related threats have prompted considerations on the criminal liability of a person who does not comply with epidemic restrictions, in particular the order to cover the mouth and nose in public spaces. Bearing in mind the special importance of the law of petty offenses in terms of the protection of public health, as well as the protection of order and peace in public places. The article deals with the issue of enforcing the order to cover the mouth and nose in public places and conducting proceedings in this matter in cases of petty offences when adopting the legal classification of an act: art. 54 of the Code of Petty Offences and art. 116 of the Code of Petty Offences. The purpose of this article is to analyze whether the general order to cover the mouth and nose was established by the competent authority, in a proper manner and scope and in accordance with the statutory authorization, and whether it could be enforced from the outset pursuant to the provisions of art. 54 of the Code of Petty Offences and art. 116 of the Code of Petty Offences, as well as the current legal status in this regard.
Wykluczenie transportowe i systemowe sposoby jego przezwyciężania
Authors: Hoff Waldemar , Izdebski Jan
Published: May 2022

This article aims to identify the instances of transport-related social exclusion in local communities and seeks solutions, to include domestic and foreign concepts. It claims that the inhabitants of local communities have the right to inclusion and explores the ways of achieving it. It considers the need to provide a local regulatory body created by local governments to oversee and coordinate the efforts to grant an equal access to transportation. It also explores the already existing regulatory features at the local level. It is recommended to free the entrepreneurial potential so far restricted by lawmakers convinced that the only solution is to support traditional forms of transportation based established routs and timetables as well as public aid. Without prejudice to such organizational forms, more individualized approached is needed, achievable within the new model of dispersed economy, more commonly known as shared economy. The transportation policy also needs to be more open to new technologies applicable in transportation such as drones and autonomous vehicles.
Zadania i decyzje Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych
Authors: Sakowska-Baryła Marlena
Published: May 2022

Changes in the field of personal data protection related to the entry into force of the provisions of the GDPR and the Act on the protection of personal data resulted in the imposition of a number of different tasks on the President of the Personal Data Protection Office. Many of them are implemented by this authority using the fundamental legal form of administrative action – i.e. an administrative decision, which in this case is adopted in one-instance proceedings. On this basis, the following analysis was carried out: the status and scope of tasks, including the supervisory powers of the President of the Personal Data Protection Office, and the procedural framework in which they are undertaken – including the form of an administrative decision. It was also considered worth to examine whether, in specific cases, the form of an administrative decision constitutes an adequate means of implementing the tasks entrusted by the provisions of the GDPR to the President of the Personal Data Protection Office. In the conclusion, the authors considered it justified to recommend that the legislator should precisely define the legal form in which the tasks of the President of the Personal Data Protection Office should be performed. Moreover, they indicated that the legislator does not seem to notice that the nature of the tasks entrusted to the President of UODO indicates that the form of an administrative decision does not always seem to be not only the best, but even appropriate. Especially when it comes to the actions of this authority related to the need to issue a warning or issue a reminder – the form of an administrative decision does not seem to be justified.
Prawnokanoniczna ochrona osoby zawiadamiającej o zaniedbaniach biskupa Kościoła łacińskiego zgodnie z motu proprio VELM
Authors: Jaszcz Adam
Published: May 2022

This article answers the question of what is the legal protection of a person reporting the negligence of a bishop of the Latin Church. The Apostolic Letter Motu Proprio of Pope Francis Vos estis lux mundi considers it a crime for an ecclesiastical superior to obstruct investigations against a clergyman accused of a contra sextum cum minoribus crime, which is why it is important for the creation of a uniform law protecting minors. Unfortunately, people reporting a crime may face a lack of understanding, or even abuse of power on the part of those receiving information. It is therefore necessary to examine which subjective rights fall within the scope of the legal protection of the person reporting negligence. The author suggests refining the existing provisions strengthening legal protection.
How to sound Spanish in English: questionnaire findings and implications for English-language original and dubbed fiction
Authors: Hayes Lydia
Published: May 2022

In this article, I analyse the results of a questionnaire conducted in order to discern how to sound Spanish in English or, more precisely, how to be perceived as a native-Spanish speaker by native-English speakers. The study set out to determine the degree of specificity to which native-English speakers perceive foreign accents in English, in general, and Hispanic-accented English, in particular. The study also aimed to elucidate the key phonetic realisations that contribute to an accent being perceived particularly as such and whether that perception requires authenticity. The final main aim was to uncover the personality characteristics Anglophones associate with Hispanic-accented speakers. With regard to this last point, I delve into the concept of dialectal memes, which explain how social value is inextricably linked to and therefore indexed by accents, and test the hypothesis that memes exist. In addition to exploring answers to the questions at the core of these aims, I provide further analysis on tangential findings revealed in the participants’ responses, such as the matter of whether celebrity or knowledge of a speaker’s identity, e.g. Rafael Nadal or Penélope Cruz, generates perception bias. Ultimately, the analysis provided in this article aspires to elevate foreign varieties of English to pluricentric status in the Anglosphere, and to lay the grounds on which to posit that the most defining characteristic of these varieties is accent. In addition, I consider how the findings might inform fictional renditions of foreign accents in both original and dubbed versions.
Medical terminology in an audiovisual product
Authors: Borankulova Bakitgul , Androsova Svetlana , Muratova Gulnar , Abdigaliyeva Zhanna , Kuzyassova Altinay
Published: May 2022

Audiovisual translation (AVT) from English into other languages is gaining popularity both in the entertainment and professional realms. Besides language difficulties, an interpreter has to face cultural challenges and a lack of professional knowledge of a particular subject field. This paper examines medical AVT from English to Kazakh. Translation issues in this field have rarely been the focus of linguistic studies, with hardly any studies of the matter with Kazakh as a target language. During the Covid-19 pandemic, it is crucial to be aware of cutting-edge technology and treatment techniques that are available in English. The TEDMED oral report “The Wireless Future of Medicine” made by Eric Topol, a distinguished cardiologist and geneticist, and its voice-over translation provided by the Kazakhstan national bureau of translations were chosen as the material for this pilot study. Continuous sampling was used to select 95 terms and term phrases (T-units) in the source text that were further distributed into eight subject field groups. A standard classification was used to identify the translation technique in each case in the target text. As a result, frequency models were built for both subject groups and translation techniques. Groups related to medical procedures, medical devices, anatomy and physiology were the most frequent. There was a clear correlation between the subject field and dominant translation technique: equivalence prevailed in the fields connected with Kazakh medicine from nomadic times, while in other fields, there was an increase of techniques other than the equivalence.
Easy-to-understand language in audiovisual translation and accessibility: state of the art and future challenges
Authors: Matamala Anna
Published: May 2022

This article presents a broad overview of easy-to-understand language and links it to audiovisual translation and accessibility. First, it discusses terminological and conceptual aspects. It also summarises the main standards and recommendations related to easy-to-understand language. Then, it describes how easy-to-understand language has been applied to audiovisual translation and accessibility and puts an emphasis on the results of the EASIT project, with a focus on subtitling and audio description. Finally, it suggests a series of challenges in terms of future research.
Prison Education, as Solution to the Failures of Other Institutions
Authors: Matei Carmen
Published: May 2022

Motivation - The period of manifestation of the COVID-19 pandemic, brought to the fore the need for change, as the only social constant perceived as a necessity in all existential dimensions. Pre-existing social needs and problems stood out and social inequalities sharpened, including those mediated by the educational act. The educational field attracts increased attention, because the directions of action that will be established will generate "our future world" or "future individual worlds", especially in the penitentiary environment that accounts for the failure of institutions that acted before the crime and imprisonment. Answer to a problem - Education and re-education in the penitentiary environment can contribute to increasing the quality of life in the community, not only by separating those who have committed crimes from other members of society, but also by contributing to the destructuring of undesirable social behavior and creating changes. Reference works - The issue of penitentiary education (formal, informal, non-formal) is presented in the reference regulations for the field of social reintegration Research methods - secondary data analysis, documentary analysis, direct/participatory observation Conclusions - The public perception of penitentiaries is a negative one that generates, rather, fears and disapproval. However, a careful analysis of the causal chain up to the time of incarceration, of the recovery assistance interventions in detention and of the concrete modalities of monitoring and assistance in order to reintegrate post-enforcement, could constitute landmarks for the elaboration of multidimensional strategies, starting with the simple citizen, up to the state level. Basic theoretical work - Ilie et al (2020, pp. 22-78)
Regionalny poradnik genealogiczny – treść oraz przydatność do badań metryk i akt stanu cywilnego parafii rzymskokatolickich w gminie Uniejów
Authors: Szkutnik Piotr
Published: May 2022

Registers of births, marriages and deaths contain primary genealogical data, such as names, surnames, dates of birth and death, places of residence, names of parents, witnesses and church registrars. This type of information is a valuable source supplementing the history of a region. The data can be analysed from various angles and for different purposes: biographical, genealogical, demographic, anthroponomastic and toponomastic. The information obtained is particularly useful for researchers studying the history of the registry, medicine, material culture and ethnography.
ACTIVITY MODULATION OF VARIOUS NITRIC OXIDE SYNTASES AS AN APPROACH TO ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION THERAPY
Authors: Kurkin D. V. , Abrosimova E. E. , Bakulin D. A. , Kovalev N. S. , Dubrovina M. A. , Borisov A. V. , Strygin A. V. , Morkovin E. I. , Tyurenkov I. N.
Published: May 2022

Nitric oxide as a therapeutic approach to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases attracted the attention of researchers at the end of the 19th century. As a vasodilator, nitric oxide may be a unique therapeutic agent for the treatment of hypertension and, as a result, renal failure and left ventricular hypertrophy.

The aim of the article is to analyze the literature data on possible ways of modulating the activity of various nitric oxide synthases as an approach to the treatment of endothelial dysfunction.

Materials and methods. When searching for materials for writing a review article, such abstract databases as PubMed, Google Scholar, e-Library, etc., were used. The search was carried out on the publications for the period from 1990 to 2021. The following words and phrases were chosen as parameters for the literature selection: nitric oxide; NO synthase; endothelial dysfunction; NO synthase activator; NO synthase inhibitor.

The following words and phrases were chosen as parameters for the literature selection:

Results. The article presents the history of the nitric oxide discovery and its biological role, the process of its biosynthesis, as well as the isoforms of its synthesizing enzymes (NOS): neuronal – nNOS, endothelial – eNOS and inducible iNOS, and their role in normal and pathological physiology. The process of NOS uncoupling (its molecular mechanisms) has been considered as the basis of endothelial dysfunction.

The examples of the pharmacological correction (BH4, arginase inhibitors, statins, resveratrol) are presented. In addition, NO synthase activators (calcium dobesilate, cavNOxin, and some NOS transcription activators), as well as non-selective (L-NMMA, 1-NNA, L-NAME, ADMA, 546C88, VAS203) and selective (L-NIO, 7-nitroindazole, aminoguanidine, L-NIL, GW273629, GW274150, cavtratin) inhibitors of nitric oxide synthasehave been described.

Conclusion. Nitric oxide synthases continue to be promising targets for the development of agents that modulate their activity to correct various pathologies. As a therapeutic approach, modulation of the nitric oxide synthase activity can be implemented to treat endothelial dysfunction, which is the cause for complications of many diseases.
COMPARATIVE PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LONG-ACTING LANREOTIDE USED IN ACROMEGALY THERAPY WITHIN CONDITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
Authors: Krysanov I. S. , Makarova E. V. , Ermakova V. Yu.
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the use of long-acting subcutaneous lanreotide gel compared to alternative drugs, for the treatment of acromegaly.

Materials and methods. Based on the literature data, a treatment model with a 1-year outlook was developed, a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) in pharmacoeconomics and a sensitivity analysis of changes in the model parameters were carried out. Direct medical costs for the annual therapy course were calculated. The data on the medicines costs were taken from the register of marginal prices of the State Register of Medicines.

Results. According to the unified Russian registry of the pituitary-hypothalamic tumors area, the achievement of remission in the acromegaly patients using lanreotide, a long-acting gel for a subcutaneous administration, compared to the long-acting octreotide, is 51% vs 24%. During the first year of treatment with octreotide, the total pharmacotherapy costs were lower than with lanreotide (RUB 225,496.07 vs RUB 574,451.84). According to the results of the cost-effectiveness analysis for one achieved case of remission, the advantage of using lanreotide over long-acting octreotide was revealed (RUB 1,251,870.56 versus RUB 1,431,005.31). The sensitivity analysis demonstrated the model’s stability to increases in the lanreotide price (up to +18%), decreases in the octreotide prices (up to –22%), increases in the transsphenoidal adenomectomy prices (up to +59%), and decreased lanreotide remission rates (up to –12%).

Conclusion. Although the treatment costs analysis showed lower total per year costs of the treatment with long-acting octreotide compared to lanreotide, the calculation of the cost-effectiveness ratio per remission showed that lanreotide had been superior to long-acting octreotide.
ECONOMIC DAMAGE OF PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION ABSENCE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Orlova E. A. , Dorfman I. P. , Umerova A. R. , Kantemirova B. I. , Orlov M. A. , Abdullaev M. A.
Published: May 2022

The aim of the article is the evaluation of the economic damage (ED) because of the absence of pneumococcal vaccination as a leading risk factor for the development of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute exacerbations of а chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Materials and methods. The method of attributive statistics was used for the first time to assess the ED of the vaccination absence as an independent risk factor contributing to the development of CAP and COPD exacerbations in the Astrakhan region for the period of 2015–2019. To do this, at the beginning of the study based on the literature data, a relative risk of COPD complications associated with the absence of pneumococcal vaccination was determined. Using it as a risk factor, prevalence rates (a proportion of non-vaccinated patients with COPD), the population attributable risk (PAR) was calculated. Further, the annual economic damage (ED) from the development of CAP and COPD exacerbations was determined. To assess the cost-effectiveness of the COPD complications prevention, vaccination costs of newly registered patients were calculated and the ratio of these costs to the average annual ED was determined.

Results. A decrease in the non-vaccinated patients’ proportion corresponds to the decrease in the total ED from COPD complications: from 13.16 million rubles to 6.06 million rubles during the observation period. The calculations showed that due to the increase in the vaccinated patients’ proportion over a five-year observation period, the ED from the CAP development decreased by 2.1 times, from exacerbations of COPD – by 2.3 times. The vaccination costs of newly diagnosed COPD cases amounted to 0.63 million rubles. Thus, to prevent the annual ED of 3.24 million rubles, the sum for the state to spend, should be 5.2 times as small.

Conclusion. A study on the evaluation of the ED due to the risk factor (RF), the pneumococcal vaccination absence, showed that its elimination reduces the risk of acute COPD exacerbations and the development of CAP, as well the ED, as associated with them. Reducing the economic costs of the health care system with significantly lower vaccination costs, makes this preventive measure economically viable.
STUDY OF LONG-TERM CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC EFFECTS OF FAVIPIRAVIR-BASED ANTI-VIRAL DRUG IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME IN POST-COVID PERIOD
Authors: Radaeva O. A. , Balykova L. A. , Zaslavskaya K. Ya. , Taganov A. V. , Bely P. A. , Kostina Yu. A. , Negodnova E. V. , Mashnina S. V. , Bessheinov D. D. , Iskandyarova M. S. , Eremeev V. V. , Chumakov N. M.
Published: May 2022

The article presents modern scientific data on long-term clinical and pathogenetic effects of the antiviral drug Areplivir (Favipiravir) in patients with metabolic syndrome in the post-COVID period.

The aim of the article is to study long-term cytokine-mediated (IL-6/sIL6r and LIF/sLIFr) pathogenetic effects of the favipiravir (Areplivir®) based drug on the incidence of complications in patients with metabolic syndrome in the post-COVID period.

Material and methods. With the approval of the local ethics committee at the N.P. Ogarevs Mordovia State University (Protocol No. 5 dated May 17, 2020) “An open prospective comparative study of the Areplivir® (Favipiravir) drug effectiveness in reducing the risk of complications in the post-COVID period in patients with metabolic syndrome” in the Republic of Mordovia was carried out.

The study included 190 metabolic syndrome patients who received the outpatient treatment for COVID-19 at Saransk polyclinics from February 2021 to March 2021. The case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in accordance with the current Temporary Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the new coronavirus infection.

Results. The analysis of the metabolic syndrome patients’ follow-up within 1 year after undergoing COVID-19, revealed significant differences in the incidence of complications depending on the intake of the favipiravir based drug. The patients who were administrated with favipiravir at the early stage of infection, were characterized by lower serum levels of four members of the interleukin 6 family – IL-6 (IL-6, sIL6r and LIF, sLIFr) 10, 30 and 180 days after a clinical and laboratory recovery (p<0.001). The average statistical changes in the IL-6 /sIL6r system of the group administrated with favipiravir, were 90%, and they were higher than in the group not administrated with antiviral drugs. In the group of the patients administrated with favipiravir, there was a significant (p<0.001) positive dynamic of the sLIFr indicator, while in the comparison group, there was an increase in this indicator.

A protective effect of the early favipiravir use was characterized by a decrease in the frequency of cardiovascular complications, a 2.66-fold decrease in the risk of a stroke and the ACS in the post-COVID period.

Conclusion. The areplivir therapy in the acute period of coronavirus infection made it possible to timely reduce the viral load. It helps to correct the pro-inflammatory vector of the immune response at the post-COVID stage and, accordingly, reduces the risk of progression of atherosclerosis, transient cerebrovascular accidents with a cognitive decline, an endothelial dysfunction, and can be considered a secondary prevention of life-threatening cardiovascular complications.
Spatio-Temporal Variability Analysis of Rainfall in Kumadugu-Yobe River Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Jajere Ahmed Abubakar , Sawa Ajiya Bulus , Kibon Usman Ado , Muhammed Bibi Umar , Babagana-Kyari Modibbo
Published: May 2022

Large-scale climatic variability is seriously affecting rainfall and temperature distribution pattern in Sudano-Sahelian parts of Lake Chad Basin. The Kumadugu-gana and Yobe Rivers that drain the south-western part of the Lake Chad Basin now flow for six months only in a year instead of nine, and this has affected the entire ecosystem of the basin. This study examines the spatio-temporal variability of Kumagu-Yobe river basin rainfall. The study used monthly rainfall records for 1981-2017 from five different weather stations that spread across the up-and-downstream parts of the basin. To accomplish the objective of the study descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the rainfall attributes and temporal distribution pattern for each of the stations during the study period. Linear regression model was used in analyzing the stations rainfall temporal variability trend. The findings of the study revealed a large scale spatio-temporal variability in the distribution of the rainfall attributes during the study period. Generally, the basin recorded increasing trend of rainfall within the study period. Annual increasing trends of 1.1mm, 3.1mm, 17.6mm and 17.2mm were observed at Potiskum, Nguru, Bauchi and Kano stations respectively. Thus, Jos records insignificant decreasing trend of -0.2mm annually. Specifically, a variability of less than 1% was also observed at Jos and Potiskum stations which is statistically insignificant. A variability of 19%, 28% and 44% was observed at Nguru, Kano, Jos, and Bauchi respectively. Overall, throughout the study periods the basin recorded increasing trend of rainfall that is characterised with large scale fluctuations particularly at the upstream section of the basin.  However,  desertification and upstream water abstraction may have reduced any noticeable increase in stream downstream
Keywords : River Yobe, Kumadugu-Yobe Basin, Rainfall, Spatio-Temporal variability
 
Copyright (c) 2022 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
Risk Perception and Preparedness in Flash Flood-Affected Communities: Evidence from Bahorok, Indonesia
Authors: Aksa Furqan Ishak , Sinulingga Egianinta
Published: May 2022

The Bahorok River basin has a high flash-flood hazard index. This is shown by loss of lives and damage of homes due to floods in recent years, however, no research examined community preparedness on the hazard of flash-flood. This research aimed to assess the effect of disaster experience and flood-risk perception on disaster preparedness of the people of Bukit Lawang Plantation Village. A cross-sectional survey design was used to determine the relationship between disaster experience, risk perception and preparedness as the independent and dependent variables, respectively. The results showed that disaster experience and risk perception positively and significantly affect the community preparedness. Disaster risk reduction programs in the region only focus on emergency response, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. Furthermore, increasing public awareness and preparedness has not been prioritized in reducing flood risk. This is an essential aspect for consideration because mountainous areas are often marginalized and lack access to disaster risk reduction programs.
Keywords : Flood-risk perception; preparedness; flash flood
 
Copyright (c) 2022 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
Rain Station Network Analysis in the Sampean Watershed: Comparison of Variations in Data Aggregation
Authors: Hidayah Entin , Halik Gusfan , Trilita Minarni Nur
Published: May 2022

The lack of rainfall-runoff accuracy is important for some applications. The choice of data aggregation that affects the estimation results is important at the level of accuracy. Some commonly used aggregations are daily, ten days, and monthly rainfall. This study aimed to compare the results of the estimation of the effect of data aggregation and to analyze the density of the rain gauge network in the Sampean watershed. The evaluation of the rain station network is carried out through the Kagan calculation. Rainfall data are from the rainfall data records for 20 years at 33 rain gauge stations. Measurement of the performance of aggregation variations using the relationship between the correlation value of rainfall with the distance between station locations. Station network positioning is assessed from alignment errors and interpolation errors. The results showed differences in the correlation and estimation values ​​in the variation of data aggregation.The greater interval can increase the effectiveness of deployment with minimum error. Based on Kagan's analysis, there is an uneven distribution of gauge stations in the Sampean watershed eventhough the average and interpolation error in the monthly rainfall is less than 5%. It is this inequality that causes gauge stations to be inefficient.
Keywords : Rain gauge network; correlation; Kagan; data aggregation
Copyright (c) 2022 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
Features of operation of railway polygon with empty car traffic
Authors:   Siberian Transport University (STU), Yugrina Olga Pavlovna , Zharikova Larisa Sergeevna ,   Siberian Transport University (STU)
Published: May 2022

The paper considers variants of different technologies of transportation process that are directed on minimization of operating costs and that consider mutual interests of a carrier and consignors of goods. At introduction of such technological measures as concentration of car traffic at stations with sufficient technical possibilities and provision of a minimal number of yard operations in transit with separation of cars by belonging to operators the authors have applied the operations research method and mathematical modeling of transportation process. As a result, the authors have developed a decision making algorithm on organization of operation with the consideration for loading of infrastructure in every design day.