bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Halal Certification Procedures: Some Unresolved Issues
Authors: Tieman Marco
Published: July 2021

There is a higher halal awareness among Muslim consumers, where the product in the supermarket is no longer assumed halal and its halal certificate and country of origin are more and more checked for the acceptance of and trust in new products. New Islamic brands are emerging in Muslim markets that are taking significant market share from conventional big foreign brands in both food and cosmetics. These Islamic brands have been classified by Alserhan as true Islamic brands as these brands are Shariah-compliant, they originate from an Islamic country and their target is the Muslim consumer. Halal scandals over the past years have proven the vulnerability of halal food supply chains and the possibility of a halal issue to escalate into a major crisis for brand owners.
Implementation of the Islamic Criminal Law in Malaysia: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Mohamad Tun Abdul Hamid
Published: July 2021

First of all, I would like to correct a common mistake. Many people thought that Brunei has implemented hudud law. That is not correct. In fact, to this day, Brunei has yet to enforce that part of the Syari’ah Penal Code Order 2013 which contains hudud offences. Brunei has gazetted the law. The effective date has not been fixed yet. The most recent information I received from the Assistant Solicitor General of Brunei on 15th December, 2014 confirmed that the hudud law has not been enforced.  In fact, the provisions of the Syari’ah Criminal Procedure Code necessary for the implementation are still under discussion. If we want to talk about criminal law and what is now called “Islamic criminal law”, in the Malaysian context, we have to start from the Federal Constitution.
The Islamic Financial Service Act 2013: An Overview and Appraisal
Authors: Yaacob Hakimah
Published: July 2021

More than two decades after the enactment of the Islamic Banking Act 1983 and Takaful Act 1984, a new legal framework has been drawn up. The Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 (IFSA 2013) seeks to provide for the regulation and supervision of Islamic financial institutions, payment systems and other relevant entities. The Act came into force on 30 June 2013 and consolidated all laws related to Islamic banking and takaful into one Act. The Act contains 291 sections and is divided into 18 parts with 16 schedules. It covers inter alia the oversight of the Islamic money market and Islamic foreign exchange market to promote financial stability and compliance with Shariah.
Balancing Power and Love Towards Global Stability in the Muslim World
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad Badri
Published: July 2021

The Muslim Ummah is currently suffering from a deteriorating crisis namely the crisis of love and power. This is evident with the recent unfolding events of ruthless actions taken by some extremist groups who have recklessly portrayed Islam as a religion of hatred and violence. The extent of this was unprecedented with other political turmoils in middle-eastern countries which have given rise to calamities and great loss of life among citizens. Moreover, the rise of terrorism in the Muslim world now is the quintessential crime of those who feel powerless and thus seek to undermine the perceived power of a targeted group. These anecdotes exhibit the obsession of power among the Muslims along with the absence of love for fellow humans.
The Hijri and Gregorian Calendars: Comparison and Conversion
Authors: Mohammed Fushoosh Fadhl Mohammed
Published: July 2021

Two calendars are in regular use in the Muslim world: the Gregorian and the Hijri. The Gregorian calendar is named after the Roman Catholic pope, Pope Gregory XIII, while the Hijri is named after the migration (hijrah) of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) from his homeplace, Makkah to the town of Madinah in 622 CE. Islamic rituals are directly based on the hijrah as the greatest historical landmark marking the beginning of the era for the spread of Islam and establishment of the new Muslim polity. Thus, for a Muslim the Hijri calendar is not merely a calendar but a matter of identity of which s/he should be proud. However, the Muslim experience of colonisation and the subsequent imposition of the Gregorian calendar have led to the marginalisation of the Hijri calendar. Consequently many events are not known by the Muslims by their Hijri date. Many do not know how to determine the equivalent Hijri date. The Gregorian calendar was introduced by Pope Gregory in 1582, and underwent many modifications whereas the Hijri calendar remained as it started.
A New Institutional Approach in Explaining the Underdevelopment of Islamic Microfinance
Authors: Suzuki Yasushi , Miah Mohammad Dulal
Published: July 2021

The progress of Islamic microfinance is very slow despite the fact that mainstream Islamic finance has been growing marvellously. This paper explains the logic of underdeveloped Islamic microfinance, placing an emphasis on the supply side of funds. It argues that Islamic altruism appears to be dependent on reciprocity backed by mutual belief in the omnipotence and omniscience of the absolute power. Strong reciprocity however, may create a ‘dilemma’ - to be or not to be unconditional altruist - on the actors which might ironically drain the supply of funding to the poor. Evidence to support this hypothesis has been provided explaining some cases and other anecdotal facts. The research proposes that besides relying on actors’ belief towards omnipotence and omniscience, appropriate safeguards against potential violation of cooperative and other Islamic social norms should be devised ex ante; otherwise Islamic microfinance is unlikely to thrive in the future.
The Indicatios of Wasatiyyah or Moderation in Islam
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: July 2021

I will begin by posing a question: Are there any indicators to tell us that Islam anchors itself in the middle path of moderation, to show, in other words, that wasatiyyah is the governing principle of Islam?

Islam’s advocacy of wasatiyyah is, first of all, known by the explicit affirmation of the Qur’an, when it designates the Muslim community as a community of the middle path (ummatan wasatan) (al-Baqarah, 2:143). This Qur’anic designation is espoused with a commitment for the Ummah to act as witnesses for truth and serve the cause of justice.
Happiness as an Objective of Shari'ah: Analysing its Operationalisation in Pubic Policy
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad Badri , Wan Mansor Wan Naim
Published: July 2021

Research on happiness has generated much interest in recent years, largely due to the failure of many modern societies to offer a balanced and healthy lifestyle parallel to their rapid material growth. Research has shown that happiness is a more comprehensive indicator of public well-being compared to aggregate-based evaluations (such as GDP, household debt, and so forth). Happiness is also a more holistic and humane measure for informing policymaking decisions, and more likely produce better results. Surveys in Islamic jurisprudence have shown that happiness-in its contemporary conception-is absent from religio-legal mind-sets and considerations. Happiness is somehow overlooked in Islamic jurisprudence, despite numerous references to ‘aspects’ of happiness in the Qur’an and Islamic philosophical and mystical traditions under terms such as falah, farḥah, sacadah, mutmainnah, hayatan ṭayyibah, masruroh and sakinah. This article proposes that happiness be recognised as one of the higher objectives (mmaqasid al-caliyyah) of Shari’ah. Its socioeconomic applications will also be highlighted. It is proposed that Islamic countries readjust their evaluative measures of development and elevate happiness as a core factor for consideration.
Good is Good for Everybody: The Similarities of Corporate Governance across Faiths
Authors: Lieberman Kurt
Published: July 2021

In many ways humanity is in a better place than it ever has been. From a material standpoint, the last few decades have seen immense numbers of people move out of poverty. For example, China alone has moved hundreds of millions out of poverty. People are connected through technology and travel more than ever before. Global travel occurs routinely for many business people. Social media connections are global and people can instantly know about events occurring in far-flung corners of the world. Internet connections allow phone and video calls at little to no expense.
Takaful Models: Their Evolution and Future Direction
Authors: Ali Mohammad Mahbubi
Published: July 2021

Takaful (Islamic insurance), being an important emerging sector in the Islamic financial industry, has exhibited remarkable growth across the globe over the last few decades. This indicates an enormous demand for takaful products, from short-term general takaful to long-term family takaful. As a result, takaful has attracted sizable attention from both Muslim and non-Muslim countries. Nevertheless, the industry continues to experience a plethora of contentious issues in its operational models. The present study explores the evolution of takaful models and their future direction.
Shariah and Human Rights Perspectives on Interfaith Marriage: Challenges Impeding Its Practice in Nigeria
Authors: Imam Ibrahim
Published: July 2021

Within the context of Nigeria, this paper investigates those principles of Shariah that regulate marriage, particularly interfaith union. This is with the goal of explicating certain limitations placed by Islam on the ability of Muslim women to marry non-Muslims. In particular, it is considered whether these limitations prejudice the right to freedom of religion guaranteed in the Nigerian Constitution. Ultimately, the paper establishes that marriage in Nigeria is usually solemnised in a manner reflective of the country’s diversity. This investigation is motivated by the recent controversy surrounding the right of Nigerian Muslim women to enter into interfaith relationships. The paper uses a library-based, doctrinal research method to argue that there are several challenges associated with interfaith marriage in Nigeria, all resulting from the multi-cultural, multi-religious and multi-ethnic makeup of the country. It is concluded that, though interfaith marriages exist in Nigeria, parties entering into such marriages must agree on some salient issues in order to sustain conjugal bliss.
Religion as a Determinant of Child Welfare in Custody Cases in Malaysia and Classical Islamic Law: A Comparative Overview
Authors: Mohamed Adil Mohamed Azam , Saidon Rafeah
Published: July 2021

It is paramount to consider the welfare of a child when determining the custody of a child. However, in the event of a parent’s conversion to Islam, the issue of religion also arises, i.e. whether the religion of a parent is considered the main factor or one of several factors in determining the interests of the child. In Malaysia, since both Islamic and civil law recognise conversion as grounds for divorce, the question concerning the custody of children and the determinants of religion for the best interest of children will be the main issue. This research aims to examine the significance of religion in determining the welfare of children in custodial dispute cases and to search for possible solutions from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence relating to custodial conflict upon conversion of one spouse to another religion, particularly in a multiracial country like Malaysia. Our findings show that religion is the primary criterion in determining the welfare of children in custody cases from the classical Islamic point of view. However, Islamic law also offers various other solutions if there is a conflict involving non-Muslim parents.
Harmonising Methodological Approaches Through Maqasid
Authors: Thabrani Abdul Mukti , Ali Mohammad Mahbubi
Published: July 2021

The historical development of the different schools (mazhab) of Islamic jurisprudence is an exemplary instance of ‘harmony in diversity’, both in the realms of scholarship and society. The diversity of opinions among the schools of thought stemmed from different methodological preferences, variances in legal resources, and case-specific circumstances. This article suggests that, despite their diverse and sometimes conflicting views on various Islamic juridical issues, the different schools maintained a degree of harmony between themselves because they shared a common goal: to achieve the higher purposes of Shari’ah (maqasid al-Shari’ah). Hence, this article explores the meeting points embedded in the inter-school perspective via the framework of maqasid al-Shari’ah. It aims to explain the historical discourse of the multiple schools and its inspiring example with regard to harmony and mutual respect.
Towards the Harmonisation of Reason and Revelation in Education
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Karim
Published: July 2021

With the emergence of empiricism, a perception developed that rationality and faith are ‘incompatible.’ According to this view, religion is based on faith rather than knowledge. Attachment to faith is fundamentally arbitrary and lacks a rational foundation. In education, the ‘separation’ of reason from faith produces either graduates with knowledge for the purpose of employment but little spiritual awareness or persons with religious beliefs that have few marketable skills. What is required is balanced education, where instruction in revealed knowledge is provided together with training in present-day knowledge. To facilitate holistic education, it is necessary to recognise that faith and present-day knowledge complement rather than exclude each other. Present-day knowledge is used primarily for the purpose of employment. Revealed knowledge is intended for the purpose of guidance. The two are complementary rather than mutually exclusive.
Perspective on Forest Management
Authors: Shaleh Muhammad Adha
Published: July 2021

Community forestry offers many perspectives on the forest management system. It has become an avenue for special collaboration between state, scientific communities, social enterprises, businesses, and local communities, as well as a means of promoting practical solutions in forest conservation. Furthermore, it becomes an arena where forest people can participate in forest conservation projects, improve their livelihoods and manage forest projects via their own traditional knowledge. Inspired by its unique features, the researcher carried out a qualitative research study of community forestry with the hope of exploring its possibilities in the South East Pahang Peat Swamp Forest (SEPPSF). In this regard, the researcher employed research methods that consisted of interviews, focus group discussions and field observations. The interviewees were asked to reflect on current forest management practices in SEPPSF. Other participants included government officials, social activists and researchers. This study found that the SEPPSF offers a unique opportunity for collaborative forest care. To achieve this vision, however, there is a need to resuscitate the following three important elements of community forestry in SEPPSF: community empowerment in forest care; community land security; and community consultation for forest related activities. In addition, this study recommends two contemporary models to prompt effective forest governance: a short-term community forestry project in SEPPSF and a long-term community forestry project for the Orang Asli. It is anticipated that this paper will provide a fresh perspective on collaborative forest management. Furthermore, it is hoped that its findings parallel increasing calls for holistically sustainable forest management in Malaysia.
Islamic Perspectives on Human Nature: Ibn Ashur's Fitrah-Based Theory of Maqasid Al-Shari'ah
Authors: Wani Gowhar Quadir
Published: July 2021

The concept of human nature is central to both Islamic and Western thought, as manifested in the rich legacy of literature on human psychology in both intellectual traditions. A comprehensive account of human nature (or fitrah) from an Islamic perspective, can be gleaned from the Qur'an, Prophetic narrations and works of Muslim scholars like al-Farabi, Ibn Sina and al-Razi. The famous Zaytuna Imam, Tahir Ibn Ashur (d.1973), in his book on the objectives of Islamic Law, Maqasid Shar’ah al-Islamiyyah, provides fitrah-based model for building human civilisation, thereby linking Islamic law to psychology. The present paper is a humble attempt to study the views of Ibn Ashur on human nature and to highlight the relevance of Islamic perspectives on the 'human being' with regards to civilisational development.
Toward Islamic Banking Without Tawarruq
Authors: Ali Mohammad Mahbubi
Published: July 2021

Islamic financial products have evolved and developed remarkably from simple and straightforward structures to highly sophisticated and multifaceted instruments. During the 1980s and 1990s, Islamic financial products were dominated by deposits and savings, syndicated project financing, Shari’ah-compliant stocks and mutual funds. The last two decades have witnessed the unveiling of more complicated structures, including various sukuk models, derivatives, Islamic structured products, Islamic hedge funds, and others. Most, though not all, of these replicate conventional products, splicing together nominate contracts from the Islamic fiqh legacy with a few modern modifications to meet legal requirements and to become Shari’ah-compliant’.
Actualisation (Taf'il) of the Higher Purposes (Maqasid) of Shari'ah
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: July 2021

The higher purposes, or maqasid, of Shariah are applied and actualised through their means (wasa’il). Since the maqasid are not applied directly, they are usually a step further removed from actual practice. For the maqasid to be actualised, the first step would naturally be to identify the maqsad one is having in mind. This would give rise, in turn, to a question as to how is the maqsad or purpose of Shariah actually identified, and which method, if any, is used toward that end. The maqasid are divided into several types. According to one of its classifications, they are divided into two types: maqasid of the Lawgiver (maqasid al-Shari) which are mostly identified by the Shariah, and human purposes (maqasid al-mukallaf), which anyone can determine and identify for themselves. The Lawgivers purposes are identified in the Quran or hadith either directly or by allusion. Sometimes the text makes numerous references to something without actually saying that it is a Lawgivers purpose. When all such references are put together, their combined reading concurs on a certain purpose or maqsad. This process in known as induction (istiqra’) which is a generally accepted method for the identification of maqasid. A learned scholar of Shariah would know, for instance, that trustworthiness (amanah), truthfulness (sidq), justice, compassion, good character (adab, husn al-khuluq), unity among the faithful (wahah) and God-consciousness (taqwa) are among the maqasid of Shariah even if the text does not specifically say so. Istiqra partakes in ijtihad, so it would be reasonable to say that maqasid al-shariah are identified by the scripture or by ijtihad.
Re-Emergence of Shari'ah Penal Law in Northern Nigeria: Issues and Options
Authors: Hammed Hanafi A. , Egbewole Wahab O.
Published: July 2021

It was in quest of political legitimacy as well as religious purity that former governor of Zamfara state, Senator Sani Ahmed Yerima, started a crusade in 1999 to re-establish Shariah. That initiative immediately found spacious reverberation with many Muslims. For the clerics, it was an opportunity to restore a religious and moral heritage that had been suppressed after colonial conquest. Many people saw Shariah as an instrument for achieving a just, safe, compassionate and less corrupt society. Thus, the Zamfara governments actions were soon taken up by other states, whose governors followed with varying degrees of enthusiasm. The federal government, however, declared Shariah to be incompatible with the constitutional guarantee of freedom of religion. The northern governors responded by highlighting that the same constitution vested in states concurrent powers to establish their own court systems. The writers develop this narrative and look into the constitutional provisions that guarantee freedom of religion and international and national judicial decisions where the right of religion has been vindicated.
RUU 355 from an Islamic Perspective: Improve Legal Safeguards in Tandem with Higher Punishments
Authors: Wan Mansor Wan Naim
Published: July 2021

Muslims generally favour upholding the Shari’ah, especially at the highest levels of government. Any implementation of this aspiration, however, must follow the necessary guidelines. It should not take place at the expense of the principles and values of the Shari’ah itself. This article takes a look at RUU 355 and some concerns arising from it. On 26 May 2016, Abdul Hadi Awang, an opposition leader in Malaysia’s Parliament and President of the Islamic Party of Malaysia (PAS), introduced a Private Members Bill, known as RUU 355 (Bill, Malay: Rang Undang-Undang) to amend the Syariah Courts (Criminal Jurisdiction) Act 1965. The Bill seeks to raise the upper boundaries of Syariah courts sentencing limits while retaining the offences under the jurisdiction of Syariah courts, as specified in List II of the State List of the Ninth Schedule to the Federal Constitution.
Preservation of the Environment by Smart Energy Consumption
Authors: Abdullah Shahino Mah
Published: July 2021

The rise in world energy consumption has caused an alarming shortage of fossil fuels and an increase in carbon emissions. It has also led to various environmental issues, especially climate change, which threaten humanity’s access to food, water, shelter, energy and health. The growth of the human population combined with rapid development has caused excessive carbon emissions, while the conventional ways of energy production and utilisation need serious reconsideration. This article, therefore, draws attention to the vital role that human beings, as vicegerents of the Earth (khalifah), have in managing natural resources. It highlights the pivotal position of humans in the world, as trustees who bear great responsibility for maintaining the natural environment. At the same time, this article also draws attention to the Islamic concept of moderation (wasatiyyah) and its practice to improve the consumption of resources by reducing wastage and pollution. The concept of moderation in the context of consuming natural resources is generally supported by the advancements in maqasid al-shariah (higher objectives of Islamic law) that have included the significance of environmental preservation This article also seeks to inform the development of Renewable Energy (RE) in the context of the Islamic concern for inclusive well-being. Several policy actions capable of promoting the concept of I’mar al-ard (building of the Earth) and smart energy consumption are proposed to address environmental issues in our policy recommendations towards the end.
Raymond Farrin – Structure and Quranic Interpretation: A Study of Symmetry and Coherence in Islam’s Holy text
Authors: Gada Muhammad Yaseen
Published: July 2021

The coherence (nazm) and symmetry of the Quran have remained one of the most debated and discussed topics in the field of Quranic Studies; whether or not the Quranic surah or/and the whole Quran exhibit an organic unity has produced a plethora of books. The book under review seeks to refute the longstanding criticism of disjointedness in the Quran, aiming to illustrate how a better understanding of the Qurans structure will in turn help in our textual interpretation of it (p. xvi). The book draws mainly, among others, on Amin Ahsan Islahi (d. 1997) and Michel Cuypers. According to the former, each Quranic chapter is characterised by a degree of unity or a central theme, Amud, that runs through a whole Surah. The Quran is not therefore a random text, as some believe but one which exhibits a precise structural plan, with a majority of chapters occuring in pairs; one chapter forms a pair with its adjacent chapter; pairs form chapter groups, and finally the chapter groups form the Quran as an organic unity. Cuypers, on the other hand, believes that there is a degree of symmetry among a group of chapters arranged in a concentric order.
Scientific Cosmology and Religious or Theological Cosmology from an Islamic Perspective
Authors: Hossain Md Sabbir
Published: July 2021

The interconnectedness of science and religion two radically different areas in essence but with striking connexions in terms of scope has entailed reconsideration and reconstruction of some notions, particularly pertaining to areas of religion. This paper presents existing conceptions of one of religions fundamental constituent elements, theology. In discussing theology, with a brief account of its Islamic counterpart, the current paper indulges in an analysis of some of its vital elements. Upon exploring theology, focus is placed upon the discipline of cosmology and its two-fold practices, namely the scientific and theological. Most significantly, a newly articulated, well-categorised framework is provided for theological cosmology, which paves the way for further profound dialogue on the scope and intersection of theology and science in the context of cosmology. In addition, the article attempts to distinguish theological as well as scientific cosmological perceptions and articulate a well-organised analysis containing key discrepancies. Such resounding divergence can produce some fundamental principles for studying the cosmos both from a scientific as well as theological perspective.
Halal Supply Chain Certification: The Next Frontier in Halal Certification?
Authors: Tieman Marco
Published: July 2021

Halal supply chains are vulnerable to contamination, risk of contamination and perception issues, providing reputational risks for brand owners operating supply chains in and for Muslim markets. At the same time, new halal standards are being developed by Muslim countries beyond slaughtering and food production, covering areas such as animal welfare, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, logistics, food services, retail, Islamic banking and finance, etc. Indeed, halal requires a supply chain approach in order to ensure the integrity of a halal product, similar to food safety. Therefore, the halal assurance system of a company should go beyond ingredients and production process. But, is the certification of an end-to-end halal supply chain feasible?
Human Capital Development in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Abdullah Shahino Mah
Published: July 2021

Improvement in standards of living can be attributed to emerging innovations and technological changes. Innovations in farming methods, for example, triggered the Agricultural Revolution in Britain, which then set off the Industrial Revolution in 1750. Back then, the coal-powered steam engine significantly benefitted the iron industry, textile trade, and transportation. Since then, a series of innovations have emerged and successfully solved certain human inefficiencies and increased overall productivity. Although the British initially prohibited the export of technology and skilled workers, the Industrial Revolution nevertheless spread to other European countries and the United States.
The Farewell Sermon of Prophet Muhammad: An Analytical Review
Authors: Farooq Mohammad Omar
Published: July 2021

Historically, the Farewell Sermon (khutbah al-wida) of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)1 has occupied an important place in Islam. The sermon was delivered during the Farewell Hajj (pilgrimage), on 9 Dhu al-Hijja 10AH (6 March 632), at Mount Arafat. The sermon consisted of summarised exhortations reflecting some of the core teachings of the Quran and Sunnah. There are multiple versions of the sermon, with no single consolidated source being in existence. The sermon therefore seems to have been weaved from multiple sources over time. This brief essay examines the substance of the Farewell Sermon based on its various versions and presents an analysis to determine whether it should be more appropriately called the Farewell Message.
MOMENTUM TRANSFER IN SUBMERGED GAS INJECTION USING CONVERGENT-DIVERGENT NOZZLES
Authors: ARELLANO A. I. , JARAMILLO D. , BARRÓN M. A. , PLASCENCIA G.
Published: July 2021

Gas injection into liquids is common in many applications. Nozzles with simple geometries are used for injecting gases, this lead to some turbulence and thus different rates of mixing and residence times. In this paper we present a study on gas injection using convergent-divergent nozzles. Gas flow through nozzles with different diameter ratios has been studied. It was found that changes in diameter ratios have a definitive effect on the performance of these nozzles as the gas is injected into a liquid. Pressure measurements of the gas during injection were conducted so momentum transfer could be estimated; additionally high speed video allowed us to see the differences in the gas plumes as the different nozzles were used.
CREATING AGILE SUPPLY CHAINS BY TADS
Authors: BALAJI M. , VEL MURUGAN V. , ARUN KUMAR N. R.
Published: July 2021

Global markets are now becoming volatile in most industries and the importance of their abilities to adapt to rapid and unexpected changes have surfaced. Modern organizations have to respond quickly to their customers’ dynamic demands without compromising on quality, productivity and cost. Achieving agility lies in de-signing agile friendly processes and thus firms need to concentrate on their supply chains and its enablers in the attempt of redressing themselves as responsive supply chains. To evaluate and improve the levels of supply chain agility, a model called Total Agile Design System (TADS) is proposed. TADS as a methodology identifies supply chain enablers and prioritize them in order to achieve supply chain agility. In this scoring model, agility index before and after implementation of TADS are measured and discussed. The results validate the proposed model and lend evidence to the current thinking of impinging on agile concepts in traditional supply chains for competitive advantage and survival.
ON CORRECTION TO TEMPERATURE FIELD DUE TO VARIABLE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY IN CASE OF BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW PAST A MOVING CYLINDER WITH SUCTION
Authors: RANGI R. R. , AHMAD N.
Published: July 2021

The boundary layer flow of viscous incompressible fluid over a moving cylinder with suction has been considered to study heat transfer with variable thermal conductivity. The heat transfer is affected by thermal conductivity for the liquid metals within 0ºF to 400ºF range. In this case, we observe that the transfer of heat behaves differently in two different regions: 0  1 and  >1. Hence, we solve the two boundary value problems to draw out recommendations. The results have been discussed graphically.
QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL) AND ABSENTEEISM INDEX (AI) IN A SMALL BUSINESS
Authors: STEFANO N. M. , VERGARA L.G. L. , GODOY L. P. , FREITAS M.C. D.
Published: July 2021

The competition between companies is generating a reduction in profitability ratios of the same, forcing the optimization of the production process, thus obtaining, greater efficiency in the allocation of factors of production involved. This research aims to correlate the rate of absenteeism with indicators of Quality of Work Life (QWL), through the results of a case study applied between employees of a brick small factory (pottery), located in central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For this, a method of qualitative research was used, which enables the researcher to evaluate in detail the practice of improving QWL, as quantitative in the identification of satisfaction and absenteeism rates. It was found that in the company is no correlation between absenteeism and QWL, being the category of “attendants” that had the highest rate of absenteeism and job dissatisfaction, on issues of QWL. In general, it can be concluded that most of the causes of absenteeism is related to the low level of employees satisfaction with their work, undermining personal relationships, principles of QWL, and hence production levels.
ABATEMENT OF OCHRATOXIN A FROM CONTAMINATED WINE AND GRAPE JUICE BY ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION
Authors: MARTÍNEZ N. D. , RODRÍGUEZ A M. , VENTURINI R. B. , GUTIÉRREZ A. R. , GRANADOS D. L.
Published: July 2021

The ochratoxin A (OTA) is an organic and toxic for man compound, generated by fungi usually present in the vineyards. This compound can be found in grape and its derivative products. In this article, activated carbon from grape stalk was used as an adsorbent to reduce the concentration of OTA in wine and grape must. The adsorption tests were carried out following the same procedure for wine and must. This procedure consisted in adding OTA to the samples; three aliquots were taken from them, putting each one in contact with different amounts of activated carbon. In each of the tests, the concentration of OTA was determined at 30, 60 and 120 minutes by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Satisfying results were obtained, reducing OTA levels by 80% in wine and 96% in must, when 100 mg of carbon were used during 2 hours of contact. The influence of contacting with activated carbon on the color of wine was analyzed by spectrophotometry. Neither of the analyzed samples showed a significant variation on color.
OPTIMIZATION OF SOLID-LIQUID EXTRACTION OF ETHANOL OBTAINED BY SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION OF SUGARCANE BAGASSE
Authors: CANABARRO N. I. , SOARES J. F. , CORREA J. V. , PRIAMO W. L. , KUHN R. C. , FOLETTO E. L. , JAHN S. L. , MAZUTTI M. A.
Published: July 2021

Solid-state fermentation has been used as an alternative to reduce the amount of waste water in ethanol fermentation. However, the recovery of ethanol from solid medium should be investigated, since depending of experimental condition used in the extraction, significant difference in the results can be obtained. In this work was investigated the influence of temperature (30-50°C), solid to liquid ratio (10-40 wt%) and orbital agitation (50180 rpm) in the recovery of ethanol from sugarcane bagasse at different fermentation conditions of moisture content (50-80%) and ethanol amount (5-20 wt%). The highest recovering efficiency was 81.3% at 30°C, solid to liquid ratio of 40 wt%, initial ethanol amount of 10 wt%, orbital agitation of 100 rpm and moisture content of 60%. The main contribution of this work was to demonstrate that the amount of water used in the extraction is lesser than that used in traditional liquid fermentation, making possible to obtain a more concentrated broth, saving with water treatment and energy for ethanol concentration.
A NOVEL ENTERIC POLYSACHARIDE BASED ON CELLULOSE FOR SODIUM DICLOFENAC ENCAPSULATION
Authors: LEÓN V. , LÓPEZ O. , GARCÍA C. M. , RIEUMONT J. , BORDALLO E.
Published: July 2021

The polymers that respond to chemical changes, such as pH, are used in the modified drugs release. This paper presents the microencapsulation of diclofenac sodium, it has the disadvantage to produce gastric irritation, therefore it is suitable for encapsulation. As coating was used carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) grafted with benzyl chloride. The microencapsulation method used was spray drying. It was obtained encapsulation efficiency to 90 % and a 57 % yield. Particles were characterized by FTIR, X rays diffraction and SEM. In vitro dissolution test allowed to evaluate release of the active in simulated gastric and intestinal juice. The results showed excellent response in acid medium giving 2.7 %, result that confirmed the enteric behavior. The kinetic release showed that Peppas model was the best to match the experimental points. Diffusional exponent indicates that the drug transport had non-fickian behavior. The difference between Peppas and Schott models is discussed.
EFFECT OF OIL EXTRACTION WITH SUPERCRITICAL CO2 AND ORGANIC SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF Mucuna MEAL
Authors: GARCIA V.A. S. , LEMOS C.O. T. , MANTOVANI D. , CORAZZA M. L. , ZANOELO E. F. , DA SILVA C. , CARDOZO-FILHO L.
Published: July 2021

The antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of defatted and raw meals of three different varieties of Mucuna seeds (aterrima, cinerium and deeringiana) were investigated. Oil extraction was performed with supercritical CO2, dichloromethane and hexane. Supercritical fluid extraction was carried out at 313 K and 333 K in the pressure range from 15 MPa to 25 MPa. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) assay always revealed a positive influence of oil removal on the antioxidant activity of the meals (i.e.; a negative influence on EC50) for all the considered varieties of Mucuna. The highest content of total phenols in the defatted material was approximately 18-26 % higher than those found in the raw meals (≈4.3-5.5 g GAE/100 g) when examining samples of the same Mucuna variety. A non negligible role of the oil extraction method in the total phenolic content of defatted Mucuna was evidenced in 2/3 of the examined varieties. The oil extraction yields were determined at all the investigated conditions, but the best results were obtained when using the organic solvents (≈5.2-7.4 %).
ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON A 50 kWth DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER WITH BIOMASS BLENDS AVAILABLE IN THE HILLY REGIONS OF SOUTH INDIA
Authors: SINGH V.C. J. , SEKHAR S. J. , THYAGARAJAN K.
Published: July 2021

Biomass Gasification has emerged as the most promising technology for the decentralized heat and power applications. The prediction of the performance of biomass blends in gasifiers is an important area of study for the implementation of this technology in various applications, relevant to remote villages. This paper presents the theoretical and experimental studies conducted on a 50 kWth downdraft biomass gasifier with various combinations of the biomass materials such as wood, coconut shell, rubber seed kernel and coir pith, which are abundantly available in the villages of South India. Two zone kinetic equilibrium model is used for the theoretical simulation. The influence of equivalence ratio and composition of feedstock blends on the quality of producer gas and the conversion efficiency of gasifier were studied, and reported. The experimental and theoretical studies show that the effective utilization of biomass materials as blends can meet the rural energy demand.
THE SIMULATION OF A MULTISTAGE BRINE CONCENTRATION PROCESS WITH VERTICAL FALLING FILM EVAPORATION
Authors: ASGARI M. , SAGHARICHIHA M. , KOUHIKAMALI R.
Published: July 2021

Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is a real process complex in terms of its design and operational control. The brine concentrating system can be considered as the most important component of ZLD processes. In the present study, mass and energy equations are written for a multistage brine concentrator unit with Feed Forward Multiple Effect Evaporation. Modeling of this process has been done, in which variable parameters are the number of stages, initial feed temperature, and the feed steam pressure. Parameters like the temperature of each stage, Gained Output Ratio (GOR), the required heat transfer area, the heat transfer coefficient, and other operational parameters are also calculated by the simulation code. The aim of this study is the investigation of the effect of key parameters on the performance of brine concentration process and on the process conceptual design.
IMPACT DYNAMICS STUDY OF SOFT CONE BASED ON SPACE PROBE-CONE DOCKING MECHANISM
Authors: HAN W. , HUANG Y. Y. , CHEN X. Q.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a soft cone composed of the thin-walled plates as a buffer system based on space probe-cone docking mechanism for the medium and small-sized spacecraft in the process of docking is presented. The theoretical model of docking impact dynamics is derived according to Lagrange Analytical Mechanics theory and Hertz contact theory. Runge-Kutta numerical method is used to solve this theoretical model. Results of the theoretical model show a good agreement with the experimental and ANSYS/LS-DYNA simulation results. In addition, the influence of soft cone parameters on impact process is discussed based on theoretical model systemically. It is shown that the soft cone can help to greatly reduce the maximal impact force and absorb lots of impact energy through deformation in the linear elastic range. Keywords   ,, ,
A SIMPLE APPROACH TO ANALYZE THE FULLY DEVELOPED TWO-PHASE MAGNETOCONVECTION TYPE FLOWS IN INCLINED PARALLEL-PLATE CHANNELS
Authors: LIMA J. A. , ASSAD G. E. , PAIVA H. S.
Published: July 2021

A numerical approach is presented herein to analyze steady-state, fully developed MHDtype stratified two-fluid flow with heat transfer in inclined parallel-plate channels. The one dimensional model is extended to include several effects, such as buoyancy, moving plates, porous layers, inclined applied magnetic field, Joule and viscous heating and volumetric heat generation/absorption. Evaluation includes axial induced magnetic field, although its effect on the flow is negligible. The plates are maintained at constant temperatures, and the thermophysical properties are considered to be constant. The governing non-linear and coupled equations are solved through a well-established numerical routine to solve stiff two-point boundary value problems. The results are presented and validated for a large range of governing parameters and situations. Keywords   , ,, ,
HYDROUS ETHANOL AS A RENEWABLE HOUSEHOLD FUEL FOR LOW-INCOME COUNTRY : CASE STUDY FOR MADAGASCAR
Authors: ANDRIANANTENAINA M. H. , RAMAMONJISOA B.O. A.
Published: July 2021

98 % of Malagasy population depend on household solid fuels as their primary cooking fuel. To improve the quality of life of such a large number of people, it is imperative that clean and renewable alternatives are provided for cooking. Low concentration ethanol fuel is considered cleaner because of its inherent characteristics of low pollutant formation and emissions during handling and use. The fuel is easy to distil and can be produced locally. Based on the Water Boiling Test protocol, this paper presents the performance, the safety analysis of the stove, the field tests and policy issues. Calculation method showed that the rate of principal pollutant gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emission are very low. The greenhouse gas emission and stove capacity increase with increasing ethanol concentrations. The stove gives best results in terms of ease of use and performance with ethanol concentrations ranging from 50 to 75% (v/v).
ANALYSIS OF THE ZONE CONNECTING CONSECUTIVE SECTORS IN GENERALIZED DISTILLATION COLUMNS BY USING THE PONCHON-SAVARIT METHOD
Authors: MARCILLA A. , SERRANO M. D. , REYES-LABARTA J. A.
Published: July 2021

Ponchon-Savarit is a classical graphical method for the design of binary distillation columns. This method is still widely used, mainly with didactical purposes, though it is also valid for preliminary calculations. Nevertheless, no complete description has been found in books and situations such as different thermal feed conditions, multiple feeds, possibilities to extract by-products or to add or remove heat, are not always considered. In this work we provide, a systematic analysis of the Ponchon-Savarit method by developing generalized equations for the operating lines or difference points, as well as a consistent analysis of what may happen in the zone between two consecutive trays of the corresponding sectors separated by a lateral stream of feed, product, or a heat removal or addition. The graphical interpretation of all situations shown allows a clarifying view of the different possibilities in the rectifying column and completes the existing literature about this method.
KINETIC AND ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS OF POLYAMINE ON BLEACHED PULP OF SUGAR CANE BAGASSE
Authors: ABRIL D. R. , ABRIL A.
Published: July 2021

This work presents the results of a study of kinetic and adsorption isotherms of a cationic polyamine on bleached pulp of sugar cane bagasse. Polyamine was synthesized at laboratory scale and used in an experimental trial for the production of wet strength paper. In the isotherms and kinetic adsorption studies, pulp dispersions were used with the addition of KCl or aluminum sulfate. The concentration of the unadsorbed polyamine was determined by the polyelectrolyte titration. It was found that the polyamine adsorption in KCl at different pH values, and in the presence of Al3+, shows adsorption isotherms of the high affinity solute-adsorbent type, which satisfactorily adjust to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. In systems in the presence of KCl, the polyamine adsorption is approximately four times higher than in the presence of aluminum sulfate. The speed constants of the fast stages are higher than the slow ones.
HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER OF MHD VISCO-ELASTIC OSCILLATORY FLOW THROUGH AN INCLINED CHANNEL WITH HEAT GENERATION/ ABSORPTION IN PRESENCE OF CHEMICAL REACTION
Authors: DAS U. J.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this work is to investigate the unsteady hydromagnetic oscillatory flow of a fluid through an inclined channel between two parallel flat plates under the influence of magnetic field and first-order chemical reaction with heat transfer including heat generating sources or heat absorbing sinks, while one of these two plates is adiabatic. The fluid is assumed to be visco-elastic (second-order), incompressible and electrically conducting. The magnetic field is applied transversely to the direction of the flow. The resulting problem has been solved and the graphs for velocity profile, temperature profile, concentration profile and shear stress are plotted and discussed. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the flow field is appreciably influenced by the material parameter of the second-order fluid and the flow parameters involved in the problems.
MEASUREMENT OF HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF SOILS USED FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION UNDER SATURATED AND UNSATURATED CONDITIONS
Authors: NORAMBUENA-CONTRERAS J. , ASANZA E. , ARBAT G. , CASTRO D.
Published: July 2021

Road structures are more often found in unsaturated conditions. Despite this, at present there is a limited volume of literature on the hydraulic properties of soils used for road construction evaluated under unsaturated conditions. In this context, this paper presents the characterization and measurement of the hydraulic properties of different soils used for road construction in the city of Santander, Northern Spain. The soils were extracted from a road structure. The hydraulic properties of soils have been measured under saturated and unsaturated conditions, in order to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and the Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC), according to the van Genuchten model of four-parameter. Finally, the procedures followed in this particular study case can give guidelines for the determination of the hydraulic parameters of soils used for road construction, especially when unsaturated conditions needs to be take into account. Besides, the hydraulic parameters obtained with the described methods can be effectively used for modeling the water flow and contaminants through road structures using FEM-based numerical simulation.