bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ischemia augments alloimmune injury through IL-6-driven CD4+ alloreactivity
Authors: Uehara Mayuko , Solhjou Zhabiz , Banouni Naima , Kasinath Vivek , Xiaqun Ye , Dai Li , Yilmam Osman , Yilmaz Mine , Ichimura Takaharu , Fiorina Paolo , Martins Paulo N. , Ohori Shunsuke , Guleria Indira , Maarouf Omar H. , Tullius Stefan G. , McGrath Martina M. , Abdi Reza
Published: January 2018

Ischemia reperfusion injuries (IRI) are unavoidable in solid organ transplantation. IRI augments alloimmunity but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Herein, we examined the effect of IRI on antigen specific alloimmunity. We demonstrate that ischemia promotes alloimmune activation, leading to more severe histological features of rejection, and increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell graft infiltration, with a predominantly CD8+ IFNγ+ infiltrate. This process is dependent on the presence of alloreactive CD4+ T cells, where depletion prevented infiltration of ischemic grafts by CD8+ IFNγ+ T cells. IL-6 is a known driver of ischemia-induced rejection. Herein, depletion of donor antigen-presenting cells reduced ischemia-induced CD8+ IFNγ+ allograft infiltration, and improved allograft outcomes. Following prolonged ischemia, accelerated rejection was observed despite treatment with CTLA4Ig, indicating that T cell costimulatory blockade failed to overcome the immune activating effect of IRI. However, despite severe ischemic injury, treatment with anti-IL-6 and CTLA4Ig blocked IRI-induced alloimmune injury and markedly improved allograft survival. We describe a novel pathway where IRI activates innate immunity, leading to upregulation of antigen specific alloimmunity, resulting in chronic allograft injury. Based on these findings, we describe a clinically relevant treatment strategy to overcome the deleterious effect of IRI, and provide superior long-term allograft outcomes.
High dietary salt intake correlates with modulated Th17-Treg cell balance resulting in enhanced bone loss and impaired bone-microarchitecture in male mice
Authors: Dar Hamid Y. , Singh Anjali , Shukla Prashant , Anupam Rajaneesh , Mondal Rajesh K. , Mishra Pradyumna K. , Srivastava Rupesh K.
Published: January 2018

Osteoporosis is associated with reduced density and quality of bone leading to weakened skeleton thereby increasing the risk of fractures responsible for increased morbidity and mortality. Due to preference for western food style the consumption of salt intake in our diets has increased many folds. High dietary salt intake has recently been linked with induction of Th17 cells along with impairment of Treg cells. Also, Th17 cells have been one of major players in the pathophysiology of various bone pathologies including osteoporosis. We thus hypothesized that high salt diet (HSD) intake would lead to enhanced bone loss by modulating Th17-Treg cell balance. In the present study, we report for the first time that HSD intake in male mice impairs both trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture along with decreasing the mineral density and heterogeneity of bones. The HSD modulates host immune system and skews Treg-Th17 balance by promoting osteoclastogenic Th17 cells and inhibiting development of anti-osteoclastogenic Treg cells in mice. HSD also enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, RANKL and IL-17) and decreased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IFN-γ). Taken together the present study for the first time establishes a strong correlation between high dietary salt intake and bone health via interplay between Th17-Treg cells.
Visible to near-IR fluorescence from single-digit detonation nanodiamonds: excitation wavelength and pH dependence
Authors: Reineck Philipp , Lau Desmond W. M. , Wilson Emma R. , Nunn Nicholas , Shenderova Olga A. , Gibson Brant C.
Published: January 2018

Detonation nanodiamonds are of vital significance to many areas of science and technology. However, their fluorescence properties have rarely been explored for applications and remain poorly understood. We demonstrate significant fluorescence from the visible to near-infrared spectral regions from deaggregated, single-digit detonation nanodiamonds dispersed in water produced via post-synthesis oxidation. The excitation wavelength dependence of this fluorescence is analyzed in the spectral region from 400 nm to 700 nm as well as the particles’ absorption characteristics. We report a strong pH dependence of the fluorescence and compare our results to the pH dependent fluorescence of aromatic hydrocarbons. Our results significantly contribute to the current understanding of the fluorescence of carbon-based nanomaterials in general and detonation nanodiamonds in particular.
The Neuroprotective Effect of Thalidomide against Ischemia through the Cereblon-mediated Repression of AMPK Activity
Authors: Sawamura Naoya , Yamada Mariko , Fujiwara Miku , Yamada Haruka , Hayashi Hideki , Takagi Norio , Asahi Toru
Published: January 2018

Thalidomide was originally used as a sedative and found to be a teratogen, but now thalidomide and its derivatives are widely used to treat haematologic malignancies. Accumulated evidence suggests that thalidomide suppresses nerve cell death in neurologic model mice. However, detailed molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here we examined the molecular mechanism of thalidomide’s neuroprotective effects, focusing on its target protein, cereblon (CRBN), and its binding protein, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays an important role in maintaining intracellular energy homeostasis in the brain. We used a cerebral ischemia rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Thalidomide treatment significantly decreased the infarct volume and neurological deficits of MCAO/R rats. AMPK was the key signalling protein in this mechanism. Furthermore, we considered that the AMPK–CRBN interaction was altered when neuroprotective action by thalidomide occurred in cells under ischemic conditions. Binding was strong between AMPK and CRBN in normal SH-SY5Y cells, but was weakened by the addition of H2O2. However, when thalidomide was administered at the same time as H2O2, the binding of AMPK and CRBN was partly restored. These results suggest that thalidomide inhibits the activity of AMPK via CRBN under oxidative stress and suppresses nerve cell death.
Theoretical Study of Sesterfisherol Biosynthesis: Computational Prediction of Key Amino Acid Residue in Terpene Synthase
Authors: Sato Hajime , Narita Koji , Minami Atsushi , Yamazaki Mami , Wang Chao , Suemune Hironori , Nagano Shingo , Tomita Takeo , Oikawa Hideaki , Uchiyama Masanobu
Published: January 2018

The cyclization mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of sesterterpenes are not fully understood. For example, there are two plausible reaction pathways for sesterfisherol biosynthesis, which differ in the order of ring cyclization: A-D-B/C (Path a) and A-B-C/D (Path b). It is difficult to capture intermediates of terpene cyclization, which is a complex, domino-type reaction, and so here we employed a combination of experimental and computational methods. Density functional theory calculations revealed unexpected intermediates and transition states, and implied that C–H···π interaction between a carbocation intermediate and an aromatic residue of sesterfisherol synthase (NfSS) plays a critical role, serving to accelerate the 1,2-H shift (thereby preventing triquinane carbocation formation) and to protect reactive carbocation intermediates from bases such as pyrophosphate or water in the active site. Site-directed mutagenesis of NfSS guided by docking simulations confirmed that phenylalanine F191 is a critical amino acid residue for sesterfisherol synthase, as the F191A mutant of NfSS produces novel sesterterpenes, but not sesterfisherol. Although both pathways are energetically viable, on the basis of our computational and experimental results, NfSS-mediated sesterfisherol biosynthesis appears to proceed via Path a. These findings may also provide new insight into the cyclization mechanisms in related sesterterpene synthases.
Buccal mucosa cell damage in individuals following dental X-ray examinations
Authors: Li Gang , Yang Pan , Hao Shuai , Hu Wei , Liang Cheng , Zou Bing-shuang , Ma Xu-chen
Published: January 2018

The aim of the present study was to monitor genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of X-ray on exfoliated buccal mucosa cells and investigate the association between the effects and the accumulated absorbed doses of oral mucosa. 98 participants’ buccal mucosa cells were collected before and 10 days after different series of dental radiographs performed. Cytological preparations were successively dyed with the methods of Feulgen and fast-green, and analyzed under a light microscope. Micronuclei (MN)and other cells were scored. Accumulated absorbed dose of buccal mucosa was estimated with the method of anthropomorphic phantom and dosimeter chips. The dose rang was 0.18–3.54 mGy. A significant difference in the rate of MN cell was found before and after X-ray examinations (P = 0.008) as well as in the rates of Pyknotic (p < 0.001) and Karyolytic cell (p = 0.0021). When only the patients whose mucosa absorbed dose is lower than 1 mGy was analyzed, significant differences were not found except for Karyolytic cells (p = 0.0313). There was a correlation between the accumulated does and the change rate (ρ = 0.25, p = 0.0118). The frequency of micronuclei cells in buccal mucosa may be increased when a series of dental radiographs including a CBCT examination was performed.
Diversity and metabolic potential of the microbiota associated with a soil arthropod
Authors: Bahrndorff Simon , de Jonge Nadieh , Hansen Jacob Kjerulf , Lauritzen Jannik Mørk Skovgaard , Spanggaard Lasse Holt , Sørensen Mathias Hamann , Yde Morten , Nielsen Jeppe Lund
Published: January 2018

Springtails are important members of the soil fauna and play a key role in plant litter decomposition, for example through stimulation of the microbial activity. However, their interaction with soil microorganisms remains poorly understood and it is unclear which microorganisms are associated to the springtail (endo) microbiota. Therefore, we assessed the structure of the microbiota of the springtailOrchesella cincta(L.) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Individuals were sampled across sites in the field and the microbiota and in particular the endomicrobiota were investigated. The microbiota was dominated by the families ofRickettsiaceae,EnterobacteriaceaeandComamonadaceaeand at the genus level the most abundant genera includedRickettsia,Chryseobacterium,Pseudomonas, andStenotrophomonas. Microbial communities were distinct for the interior of the springtails for measures of community diversity and exhibited structure according to collection sites. Functional analysis of the springtail bacterial community suggests that abundant members of the microbiota may be associated with metabolism including decomposition processes. Together these results add to the understanding of the microbiota of springtails and interaction with soil microorganisms including their putative functional roles.
Multifunctional HA/Cu nano-coatings on titanium using PPy coordination and dopingviapulse electrochemical polymerization
Authors: Wang Yingbo , Yan Ling , Cheng Ruoyu , Muhtar Mirigul , Shan Xinxin , Xiang Yi , Cui Wenguo
Published: January 2018

An anti-wear and antibacterial hydroxyapatite nanoparticle bioactive coating on a titanium matrix is fabricated through hydroxyapatite/copper nanoparticle co-deposition.
Nonstoichiometric tungsten oxide residing in a 3D nitrogen doped carbon matrix, a composite photocatalyst for oxygen vacancy induced VOC degradation and H2 production
Authors: Wang Luyue , Xu Xinxin , Wu Shijie , Cao Feng
Published: January 2018

An oxygen vacancy rich WO3−x based composite material with 3D nitrogen doped carbon as a matrix is synthesized and it exhibits photocatalytic VOC removal and H2 production activities.
Effect of Te substitution on crystal structure and transport properties of AgBiSe2thermoelectric material
Authors: Goto Y. , Nishida A. , Nishiate H. , Murata M. , Lee C. H. , Miura A. , Moriyoshi C. , Kuroiwa Y. , Mizuguchi Y.
Published: January 2018

Reduced lattice thermal conductivity of Te-substituted AgBiSe2was qualitatively described using the point defect scattering model.
Effects of a galacto-oligosaccharide-rich diet on fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles in mice
Authors: Cheng W. , Lu J. , Lin W. , Wei X. , Li H. , Zhao X. , Jiang A. , Yuan J.
Published: January 2018

Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotics that positively affect the host's gut microbiota, which is important for the health of the host.
Polydiacetylene liposomes with phenylboronic acid tags: a fluorescence turn-on sensor for sialic acid detection and cell-surface glycan imaging
Authors: Wang Dong-En , Yan Jiahang , Jiang Jingjing , Liu Xiang , Tian Chang , Xu Juan , Yuan Mao-Sen , Han Xiang , Wang Jinyi
Published: January 2018

A new polydiacetylene (PDA) liposome-based sensor system was developed as a fluorescence turn-on sensor for the detection of free sialic acid (SA) in aqueous solution and in situ imaging of glycans on living cell surfaces.
Tunable quantum dot arrays as efficient sensitizers for enhanced near-infrared electroluminescence of erbium ions
Authors: Zhang X. W. , Lin T. , Zhang P. , Song H. C. , Jin H. , Xu J. , Xu J. , Wang P. J. , Niu K. Y. , Chen K. J.
Published: January 2018

Various metal oxide quantum dot array doped silica thin films were designed for greatly improving the near-infrared EL performance of Er3+.
ITO nanoparticles enhanced upconversion luminescence in Er3+/Yb3+-codoped silica glasses
Authors: Chen Ping , Hou Shaodong , Yang Yu , Chen Zhangru , Yang Luyun , Li Jinyan , Dai Nengli
Published: January 2018

ITO nanoparticles enhanced upconversion luminescence in Er3+/Yb3+-codoped silica glasses.
Co–VN encapsulated in bamboo-like N-doped carbon nanotubes for ultrahigh-stability of oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Lei , Tong Miaomiao , Zhao Xiaojun , Gao Yanting , Fu Honggang
Published: January 2018

A bottom-up strategy was adopted to construct bamboo-like N-doped graphitic CNTs with a few encapsulated Co and VN nanoparticles (namely, NGT-CoV) as an excellent Pt-free ORR electrocatalyst.
Successive addition of two different Grignard reagents to nitriles: access to α,α-disubstituted propargylamine derivatives
Authors: Caillé Julien , Boukattaya Fatma , Boeda Fabien , Pearson-Long Morwenna S. M. , Ammar Houcine , Bertus Philippe
Published: January 2018

The successive addition of two different Grignard reagents to acyl cyanohydrins was performed with success by using alkynyl Grignard reagents.
Stereoselective synthesis of natural product inspired carbohydrate fused pyrano[3,2-c]quinolones as antiproliferative agents
Authors: Kumari Priti , Narayana Chintam , Dubey Shraddha , Gupta Ashish , Sagar Ram
Published: January 2018

Design and efficient synthesis of new carbohydrate fused pyrano[3,2-c]quinolone derivatives and their submicromolar anticancer activity.
The occurrence state of moisture in coal and its influence model on pore seepage
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Cao Shugang , Li Yong , Zhang Zhenyu , Guo Ping , Yang Hongyun , Zhang Shuwen , Pan Ruikai
Published: January 2018

Moisture is one of the most important factors that influences coal seepage and coal-bed methane (CBM) extraction.
An innovative small molecule for promoting neuroreparative strategies
Authors: Colabufo Nicola Antonio , Contino Marialessandra , Cantore Mariangela , Berardi Francesco , Perrone Roberto , Tonazzi Annamaria , Console Lara , Panaro Maria Antonietta , Savolainen Heli , Luurtsema Gert
Published: January 2018

In this study, a new regenerative strategy to treat several neurodegenerative diseases is suggested by the use of a multitarget approach induced by our small molecule, MC111.
Fabrication and photocatalytic property of magnetic SrTiO3/NiFe2O4 heterojunction nanocomposites
Authors: Xia Yongmei , He Zuming , Lu Yalin , Tang Bin , Sun Shunping , Su Jiangbin , Li Xiaoping
Published: January 2018

Photocatalytic degradation of RhB for all samples under simulated solar light illumination and absorption spectra of RhB over 15 wt% SrTiO3/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites.
Large magnetic entropy change and prediction of magnetoresistance using a magnetic field in La0.5Sm0.1Sr0.4Mn0.975In0.025O3
Authors: Dhahri M. , Dhahri J. , Hlil E. K.
Published: January 2018

Rietveld refinement for the sample LSSMIO. Experimental data (the point symbols), calculated data (the solid lines), difference between them is shown at the bottom of the diagram and Bragg positions are marked by vertical bars.
Dual-targeting biomimetic delivery for anti-glioma activityviaremodeling the tumor microenvironment and directing macrophage-mediated immunotherapy
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Wang Yonghui , Kang Xuejia , Wu Aihua , Yin Weimin , Tang Yisi , Wang Jinyu , Zhang Meng , Duan Yifei , Huang Yongzhuo
Published: January 2018

A dual-targeting biomimetic codelivery and treatment strategy was developed for anti-glioma activity.
A chemiluminescent probe for cellular peroxynitrite using a self-immolative oxidative decarbonylation reaction
Authors: Cao Jian , An Weiwei , Reeves Audrey G. , Lippert Alexander R.
Published: January 2018

Peroxynitrite is a damaging agent of oxidative stress that has been difficult to monitor in living cells. Here, an isatin-based chemiluminescent probe for peroxynitrite is reported.
Enhancing reaction rate in a Pickering emulsion system with natural magnetotactic bacteria as nanoscale magnetic stirring bars
Authors: Zhou Xin , Chen Changyou , Cao Changyan , Song Tao , Yang Hengquan , Song Weiguo
Published: January 2018

The reaction rate of Pickering emulsions was greatly enhanced with natural magnetotactic bacteria as nanoscale magnetic stirring bars.
Diastereo- and enantioselective additions of α-nitro esters to imines for anti-α,β-diamino acid synthesis with α-alkyl-substitution
Authors: Sprague Daniel J. , Singh Anand , Johnston Jeffrey N.
Published: January 2018

The discovery that a C2-symmetric bis(AMidine) [BAM] catalyst promotes an anti-selective addition of α-substituted α-nitro esters to imines is described, providing α-substituted α,β-diamino ester products with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
Two-dimensional benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran-based wide bandgap conjugated polymers for efficient fullerene-free polymer solar cells
Authors: Gao Yueyue , Wang Zhen , Zhang Jianqi , Zhang Hong , Lu Kun , Guo Fengyun , Yang Yulin , Zhao Liancheng , Wei Zhixiang , Zhang Yong
Published: January 2018

Wide bandgap benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran-based polymers for efficient non-fullerene polymer solar cells.
Ultrahigh photosensitivity and detectivity of hydrogen-treated TiO2nanorod array/SiO2/Si heterojunction broadband photodetectors and its mechanism
Authors: Ling C. C. , Guo T. C. , Lu W. B. , Li X. F. , Zhu L. , Ma M. , Xue Q. Z.
Published: January 2018

It is demonstrated that hydrogen treatment as a simple, effective strategy can greatly improve the broadband photo-responsive performance of pristine TiO2nanorod arrays (NRAs)/SiO2/n-Si heterojunctions.
Chemometric assisted correlation optimized warping of chromatograms: optimizing the computational time for correcting the drifts in chromatographic peak positions
Authors: Kumar Keshav
Published: January 2018

The present work suggest application of constraint randomized non-negative factor analysis (CRNNFA) as a pre-processing technique to optimise the computational time for correlation optimised warping (COW) analysis.
Highly durable Cu-based electrodes from a printable nanoparticle mixture ink: flash-light-sintered, kinetically-controlled microstructure
Authors: Park Hye Jin , Jo Yejin , Cho Min Kyung , Young Woo Jeong , Kim Dojin , Lee Su Yeon , Choi Youngmin , Jeong Sunho
Published: January 2018

We report the fabrication of highly conductive and durable Cu-based electrodes on PET substrates using Cu, Cu/Cu10Sn3core/shell, Ni, and Ag nanoparticles.
Knowledge, Confidence, and Practice Patterns of Speech-Language Pathologists Working With Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Riedeman Sarah , Turkstra Lyn
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Although speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are important members of the health care team serving adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) with cognitive–communication disorders, little is known about services SLPs deliver and how they rate their own knowledge and skills. The aims of this study were to identify practice patterns, knowledge, and confidence levels of SLPs working with adults with TBI with cognitive–communication disorders.

Method

We surveyed 100 SLPs from rural and urban hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and outpatient clinics in Wisconsin and analyzed data descriptively.

Results

SLPs in this sample had a combination of accurate and inaccurate knowledge related to TBI. Although all participants reported working with individuals with TBI, many participants rated themselves as lacking confidence or knowledge in this practice area. SLPs reported variable use of evidence-based procedures and training related to TBI.

Conclusion

Results confirmed the high prevalence of TBI-related practice among SLPs in medical settings, but there was variable knowledge, confidence, and use of current evidence in practice. SLP graduate training programs, individual providers, health care administrators, and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association can use results from this study to advance and improve SLP clinical services for adults with TBI.
Possibilities of using energy recovery in underground mines
Authors: Obracaj Dariusz , Sas Sebastian
Published: January 2018

In underground mines, there are many sources of energy that are often irrecoverably lost and which could be used in the energy structure of a mine. Methane contained in the ventilation air, the water from the dewatering of the mines and the exhaust air from the mine shafts are the most important sources of energy available to a mine. Among other sources of energy available in a mine, you can also distinguish waste energy from the process of the desalination of water or energy from the waste. The report reviewed the sources of energy available in a mine, assessed the amount of recoverable energy and indicated the potential for its use.
Comparison of recent S-wave indicating methods
Authors: Hubicka Katarzyna , Sokolowski Jakub
Published: January 2018

Seismic event consists of surface waves and body waves. Due to the fact that the body waves are faster (P-waves) and more energetic (S-waves) in literature the problem of their analysis is taken more often. The most universal information that is received from the recorded wave is its moment of arrival. When this information is obtained from at least four seismometers in different locations, the epicentre of the particular event can be estimated [1]. Since the recorded body waves may overlap in signal, the problem of wave onset moment is considered more often for faster P-wave than S-wave. This however does not mean that the issue of S-wave arrival time is not taken at all. As the process of manual picking is time-consuming, methods of automatic detection are recommended (these however may be less accurate). In this paper four recently developed methods estimating S-wave arrival are compared: the method operating on empirical mode decomposition and Teager-Kaiser operator [2], the modification of STA/LTA algorithm [3], the method using a nearest neighbour-based approach [4] and the algorithm operating on characteristic of signals’ second moments. The methods will be also compared to wellknown algorithm based on the autoregressive model [5]. The algorithms will be tested in terms of their S-wave arrival identification accuracy on real data originating from International Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) database.
Indicators of recent geodynamic activity in the Książ Castle area (Świebodzice Unit, Sudetes) in the light of structural analysis and geodetic measurements
Authors: Kasza Damian , Kowalski Aleksander , Wojewoda Jurand , Kaczorowski Marek
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Indicators of recent geodynamic activity in the Książ Castle area are registered by the measuring instruments of the SRC PAS (Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences) Geodynamic Laboratory at Książ. Over 40 years of continuous observations from quartz horizontal pendulums (since 1974) and over 10 years of observations from water-tube tiltmeters (since 2002) have documented irregularly repeatable strong signals related to the relative displacement of blocks in the rock substrate, on which Książ Castle is located. These signals have dip (rotational) and vertical strike-slip components. Also, the presence of a horizontal strike-slip component is evidenced by geometric anomalies (deformations) of the shape of the Pelcznica river valley, which directly correspond to the orientation of the main faults in the area. Recent geodynamic activity is documented by destruction of (the construction elements in the castle complex. Instrumental indicators of movement, geodetic measurements and structural analysis of the rock massif have allowed for constructing a model showing the main unconformity surfaces in the analysed rock massif. Sinistral, NE–SW and ENE–WSW-oriented strike-slip faults prevail in the laboratory corridors, along with perpendicular WNW–ESE and NW–SSE-oriented clextral and normal faults. Most dislocations are accompanied by zones of intense cataclasys, secondary silification, and Fe and Mn mineralization. Generally, the faults were formed due to reactivation of joint fractures cutting the steeply N-and S-dipping (at 75-90°) deposits of the Książ Conglomerate Formation.
First experience with Remote Sensing methods and selected sensors in the monitoring of mining areas – a case study of the Belchatow open cast mine
Authors: Wajs Jaroslaw
Published: January 2018

The paper presents satellite imagery from active SENTINEL-1A and passive SENTINEL-2A/2B sensors for their application in the monitoring of mining areas focused on detecting land changes. Multispectral scenes of SENTINEL-2A/2B have allowed for detecting changes in land-cover near the region of interest (ROI), i.e. the Szczercow dumping site in the Belchatow open cast lignite mine, central Poland, Europe. Scenes from SENTINEL-1A/1B satellite have also been used in the research. Processing of the SLC signal enabled creating a return intensity map in VV polarization. The obtained SAR scene was reclassified and shows a strong return signal from the dumping site and the open pit. This fact may be used in detection and monitoring of changes occurring within the analysed engineering objects.
Using raster and vector data to identify objects for classify in flood risk. A case study: Raciborz
Authors: Porczek Mariusz , Rucińska Dorota , Lewiński Stanisław
Published: January 2018

The severe flood of 1997, which seriously affected Polish, Czech and German territories, gave impetus to research into the management of flood-prone areas. The material losses caused by the “Flood of the Millennium” totalled billions of Polish zloty. The extent of the disaster and of infrastructure repair costs changed the attitude of many branches of the economy, and of science. This is the direct result of consideration of the introduction of changes into spatial management and crisis management. At the same time, it focused the interest of many who were trained in analysing the vulnerability of land-use features to natural disasters such as floods. Research into the spatial distribution of geographic environmental features susceptible to flood in the Odra valley was conducted at the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies of the University of Warsaw using Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

This study seeks to examine the possibility of adapting vector and raster data and using them for land-use classification in the context of risk of flood and inundation damage. The analysed area of the city and surrounding area of Raciborz, on the upper Odra River, is a case study for identifying objects and lands susceptible to natural hazards based on publicly available satellite databases of the highest resolution, which is a very important factor in the quality of further risk analyses for applied use.

The objective of the research was to create a 10×10-m-pixel raster network using raster data made available by ESA (Copernicus Land Monitoring Service) and vector data from Open Street Map.
L’os, un organe pas si inerte…
Authors: Oury Julien , Oury Franck
Published: January 2018

Le maintien de nos fonctions physiologiques et leur adaptation aux multiples changements environnementaux reposent sur une communication étroite entre les organes. La recherche en génétique, chez la souris, a récemment permis de révolutionner cette vision holistique de la physiologie. Elle a conduit à l’identification de nouveaux axes de signalisation inter-organes, mais aussi à de nouveaux et inattendus rôles physiologiques pour de nombreux organes. L’os en est un parfait exemple. Après avoir été longtemps considéré comme un tissu statique, ne remplissant qu’une fonction mécanique et d’armature, l’image de l’os a considérablement évolué vers celle d’un organe bien plus complexe. Le squelette, de par sa position centrale dans notre organisme et le nombre important de fonctions physiologiques qu’il influence, se révèle être un organe endocrine clé de l’homéostasie de notre corps. Dans cette revue, nous discuterons les multiples rôles endocriniens d’une molécule dérivée des ostéoblastes, l’ostéocalcine (Ocn), dont l’importance fonctionnelle n’a cessé de croître durant ces 15 dernières années.
Co-infection EBV/KSHV
Authors: Gruffat Henri , Manet Evelyne
Published: January 2018

Le virus herpétique humain associé au sarcome de Kaposi (KSHV) est l’agent étiologique du lymphome primitif des séreuses (PEL) dans lequel le virus d’Epstein-Barr (EBV) est aussi très souvent présent. Jusqu’à présent, seuls des modèles cellulaires permettaient d’explorer l’interaction des deux virus conduisant à la transformation des cellules. Un modèle de co-infection de souris humanisées, développé récemment permet désormais d’explorer ce phénomène in vivo. Il démontre que la co-infection par EBV et par KSHV augmente la persistance de KSHV et favorise la transformation cellulaire via la stimulation de la réplication de l’EBV par KSHV. Il s’agit du premier modèle de PEL chez le petit animal. Cette avancée ouvre ainsi des perspectives intéressantes pour de futures études de ce lymphome.
The effectiveness of social work services for families whose children are in temporary custody
Authors: Bardauskiene R. , Pivoriene J.
Published: January 2018

Despite that there is an operating social support system for families, social workers are affected by factors that limit effectiveness of their activities in working with families whose children are taken into temporary custody. The article aims to uncover what hinders social worker to carry out effective work in providing social services for families whose children are in temporary custody. Qualitative research data shows that the research participants’ awareness of social work effectiveness is limited to its individual components. Putting together these components one can get a broad definition of effectivenessof social work though the research participants themselves donot use such a concept. The research data reveals that micro level factors influencing effectiveness of social workers’ activities working with families whose children are in temporary custody are as follows: absence of parental motivation to seek changes and unfavourable environment as well as negative community approach to social risk families. Macro level factors limiting social work effectiveness working with the families at social risk lie in the system of social services. Inadequate management of social work, limited social workers’ access to resources necessary to restore family functions; too high workload for social workers are essential factors limiting social work effectiveness.
The relationship between anomia and maladaptive personality traits
Authors: Levina J. , Perejolkina V. , Martinsone K. , Mihailova S. , Kolesnikova J.
Published: January 2018

Research of anomia is topical in the period when a society endures social and economic changes. On the other hand, the modern Western society is characterized by a rapid speed of development, by diversity, variability, multicultural life. In such conditions for some individuals it could be difficult to make life choices. Such individuals can get into “an anomic state”. In a situation of rapid social and political changes as well as simply in the modern diverse and rapidly developing society pathological personality traits can serve as a factor that aggravates anomic feelings. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to investigate relations between anomia and pathological personality traits. The sample consisted of 83 Latvian inhabitants aged from 19 to 47 years (16.9 % males, 83.1 % females). The Anomia Questionnaire – AQ [1] and the Latvian Clinical Personality Inventory – LCPI v2.2 [2] were used. It is found that there are multiple relations between all six sub-dimensions of anomia and certain different maladaptive personality traits. Irresponsibility is the only personality trait that predicts deviation from prescribed rules or customs. Negative emotionality is the only significant predictor for social distrust. Suspiciousness that falls within a first-order domain Psychoticism and a second-order domain Schizotypy is the most significant predictor of estrangement to others as a dimension of anomia. Eccentricity that falls within a first-order domain Psychoticism and a second-order domain Schizotypy is the most significant predictor of cultural isolation. Separation insecurity that falls within a first-order domain Dependence and a second-order domain Neuroticism is the most significant predictor of a lack of goal clarity as a dimension of anomia. Depression as a pathological personality trait that falls within a first-order domain Negative emotionality and a second-order domain Neuroticism is the most significant predictor of a lack of goal clarity as a dimension of anomia.
Dynamics of psychological safety in mothers raising children with special needs
Authors: Atamanova I. , Kozlova N. , Glebova I. , Meshcheryakova E. , Levitskaya T. , Zueva D.
Published: January 2018

There is a considerable decrease in psychological well-being among mothers raising children with special needs. Addressing the issues of providing psychological support for them is of particular importance for both researchers and practitioners. The paper presents a study aimed at exploring the dynamics of psychological safety in mothers raising children with special needs. 32 mothers whose children underwent a rehabilitation programme in a rehabilitation centre participated in the study. The key element of the psychological support programme developed for these mothers was a specific psychotherapeutic space combining hippotherapy with environmental, social and personal factors. Compared to the control group, the study participants’ parameters of psychological safety showed statistically significant positive dynamics. The results obtained contribute to studying factors of psychological well-being in mothers raising children with special needs and suggest an effective way of enhancing their sense of psychological safety.
Prediction for driving behaviour in connection with socio – demographic characteristics and individual value system
Authors: Lazdins K.J. , Martinsone K.
Published: January 2018

The aim of research „prediction for driving behaviour in connection with socio – demographic characteristics and individual value system” was to examine characteristics of individual value system prediction for driving behavior. It raised fundamental question for the research: 1. which of the individual value system characteristics predict driving behavior controlling gender and age.

In the study 108 respondentsparticipated, 40 (37.0%) men and 68 (63.0%) women who filled the questionnaire on the Internet. Two questionnaires were used – „Latvian driving behavior survey” [1], the value and levels of availability relations in different spheres of life” [2, 3].

The results showed that the value system integrity / disintegrity indicator predicts distracted driving, explains 18% of variation and is statistically significantly. Internal vacuum and age statistically significantly negatively predicts risky driving explaining 17% of variation. Age statistically significantly predicts safe and courteous driving, explains 12% of variation. Value system integrity / disintegrity indicator and gender, statistically significantly negatively predicts summary indicator of dangerous driving explain 22% of variation. Age statistically significantly negatively predicts distracted driving, explains 30% of variation.

The results can serve as the basis to create new driving behavior interventions and also applicable to psychologist's professional work, when counseling individuals of this group, as well as can be used in the future development of the field, science and research.
Laser-induced local activation of Mg-doped GaN with a high lateral resolution for high power vertical devices
Authors: Kurose Noriko , Matsumoto Kota , Yamada Fumihiko , Roffi Teuku Muhammad , Kamiya Itaru , Iwata Naotaka , Aoyagi Yoshinobu
Published: January 2018

A method for laser-induced local p-type activation of an as-grown Mg-doped GaN sample with a high lateral resolution is developed for realizing high power vertical devices for the first time. As-grown Mg-doped GaN is converted to p-type GaN in a confined local area. The transition from an insulating to a p-type area is realized to take place within about 1–2 μm fine resolution. The results show that the technique can be applied in fabricating the devices such as vertical field effect transistors, vertical bipolar transistors and vertical Schottkey diode so on with a current confinement region using a p-type carrier-blocking layer formed by this technique.
Impact of anions on the surface organisation of lipid monolayers at the air–water interface
Authors: Li Siyang , Du Lin , Wang Wenxing
Published: January 2018

Environmental contextLipids released from lysis of phytoplankton cells are enriched in the sea surface microlayer. Such surface-active organics can be transferred through bursting bubbles to sea-spray aerosols where they can influence atmospheric chemistry. The results presented here suggest that phospholipids combine more readily with SO42− than with Br−, leading to enrichment of organic-coated sulfate salts in marine aerosols. AbstractInorganic salts and organic matter are known to be present at higher levels in the sea surface microlayer and marine aerosols; however, the impact of common anions on their surface properties is not well understood. Here, a 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) monolayer was enriched with the sodium and ammonium salts of different anions (Br−, Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, CH3COO−, and HCO3−), and the effects on the surface properties of the monolayer were investigated. The monolayer phase behaviour and the structure of the lipid phases were studied by surface pressure–area (π–A) isotherms and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). The presence of salts in the subphase was found to increase the surface pressure of the DPPC monolayer at a fixed area per molecule. The effect of the anions follows the order of the Hofmeister series. The higher concentration of salt solution caused the π–A isotherm to shift to larger area. The IRRAS spectra demonstrate that the ordering of the DPPC molecules in the liquid condensed phase remains essentially unaffected, even at higher electrolyte concentrations. DPPC molecules combined with SO42− could be transferred from the ocean to sea spray aerosol. The present study finds that the anions have significant influence on the surface organisation and, consequently, the interfacial properties, of the surface-active species at the air–water interface, a finding that has further implications for atmospheric aerosol nucleation.
The Neotropical region sensu the areas of endemism of terrestrial mammals
Authors: Noguera-Urbano Elkin Alexi , Escalante Tania
Published: January 2018

The mammals are the biological group initially analysed by Wallace to define the Neotropical region (NR). Their areas of endemism (Ae) are considered historical patterns, which have been used to describe biogeographic schemes. However, the Ae at regional scale are currently unclear. In the present study, we analyse Ae of mammals at the regional scale and compare them with previous biogeographic schemes of the NR. The Ae of Neotropical terrestrial mammals were identified using the endemicity analysis (software NDM/VNDM). Our results showed that the NR is composed of 10 Ae, supported by 82 endemic taxa (6 families, 29 genera, and 47 species). The Ae showed a NR with multiple boundaries and with a core of higher overlap of the areas of endemism (OAE) from Veracruz and the Pacific coasts of Mexico to the southern limit of Amazonia in Brazil. The NR boundaries vary strikingly with latitude, with substantially more overlapping areas of endemism in the tropical biomes than in the temperate biomes of America. This pattern of OAE is consistent with the higher mammal-species richness zone within the tropical biomes and other biogeographic patterns such as higher productivity and spatial heterogeneity.
Descriptive bioregionalisation and conservation biogeography: what is the true bioregional representativeness of protected areas?
Authors: Giraudo Alejandro R. , Arzamendia Vanesa
Published: January 2018

Conservation biogeography involves the application of biogeographical principles and methods to conservation issues, including the design of protected areas. Bioregionalisation has been central in the implementation of main global conservation strategies, providing the basis for prioritising protected areas and evaluating their representativeness and effectiveness in conservation actions. Traditionally, experts established these bioregionalisations without repeatable methodologies and using only qualitative evidence, which has set constraints in their usefulness. We compared three descriptive bioregionalisations commonly used for conservation decision-making, with a regionalisation produced using quantitative methods (endemicity analysis), so as to assess biases and differences in the representativeness of the existing protected-area system of Argentina. Areas of endemism were detected using NDM/VNDM quantitative methodology on a database consisting of 19250 distribution records of 116 taxa of snakes, and the results were compared with previous descriptive regionalisations. We recovered 9 quantitative bioregionalisation units (QBU) v. 6–8 descriptive bioregionalisation units (DBU) proposed by previous authors. From this comparison, the following was found: (1) we discovered three new QBU not considered by any previous DBU; (2) other three areas proposed by DBU are not supported by our endemicity analysis; (3) we detected differences comparing the representativeness of protected areas between descriptive v. quantitative bioregionalisations, leaving the first, some areas of conservation relevance largely unprotected. Moreover, DBU were characterised by a high degree of uncertainty and biases, such as the consideration of probably artificial units, the non-recognition of some natural units and mistakes in the representativeness of protected areas. We emphasise the importance of applying quantitative biogeographic methods to identify bioregionalisation units and its fundamental role in conservation biogeography so as to optimise protected-area efficiency and other territorial conservation strategies.
Correlates of ecological-niche diversity and extinction risk of amphibians in China under climate change
Authors: Chen Youhua , Escalante Tania
Published: January 2018

In the present study, we measured spatiotemporal properties of ecological niches of amphibians in China and tested the relative importance of various niche-diversity metrics for explaining the evolutionary distinctiveness-weighted extinction risk (EDGE) of amphibian species. We applied the hierarchical partitioning technique on the phylogenetically independent contrasts of the niche covariates and EDGE of amphibians, for the purpose of removing the influence of evolutionary inertia among species. As a comparison, phylogenetic least-square general regression (PLGS) was also conducted. The results showed that EDGE was high for those amphibian species of China identified as Critically Endangered or Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Niche fragmentation dimension (NFD) and niche position (NP) were the top two predictors across partial correlation analyses, hierarchical variation partitioning, PLGS and multiple regression analyses. Most temporal niche properties were not significantly associated with the EDGE index of amphibians. Variation partitioning analysis showed that the spatial component of niche measures explained the largest proportion of total variation in EDGE (~31%), whereas the temporal component of niche properties explained ~8% of the variation. The significantly negative role of NFD and extinction risk of amphibians in China may be attributed to a reduced rescue effect, habitat geometry, and local extinction in species with large and continuous distributional ranges.
A novel approach to time-slicing areas within biogeographic-area classifications: Wallacea as an example
Authors: King Adam R. , Ebach Malte C.
Published: January 2018

Time-slicing of areas is a novel biogeographic method that helps resolve conflicting area relationships and assess temporal overlap as an explanation for the conflict. The method differs from others currently popular in biogeography in that it does not date nodes before analysis (e.g. divergence dating) to infer area relationships and classification. Here, time-slicing is used as a proof of concept approach to interpret the inter-relationships of Neogene and Palaeogene biotic areas of Wallacea, a well-studied area of biogeographic overlap between South-East Asia and Australasia. We used 18 Palaeogene and 25 Neogene areas within Wallacea, represented in 28 areagrams from 25 published phylogenetic hypotheses. Areas were delimited using palaeogeographical reconstructions and biotic distribution data. Paralogy-free subtree and transparent methods of analysis were used to find a general area cladogram (GA), which was then compared with palaeogeographical reconstructions. Palaeogene areas formed clades different from those of Neogene areas. Area relationships correlated strongly with palaeogeographical reconstructions of the Neogene and the Palaeogene. The new approach demonstrated that Palaeogene and Neogene areas have distinct biogeographic histories. Wallacea is a temporal, as well as a geographic, composite that lies between two inferred barriers of distribution, namely the Palaeogene Wallace’s line and the Neogene Weber’s line.
Entorhinal fast-spiking speed cells project to the hippocampus
Authors: Ye Jing , Witter Menno P. , Moser May-Britt , Moser Edvard I.
Published: January 2018

The mammalian positioning system contains a variety of functionally specialized cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and the hippocampus. In order for cells in these systems to dynamically update representations in a way that reflects ongoing movement in the environment, they must be able to read out the current speed of the animal. Speed is encoded by speed-responsive cells in both MEC and hippocampus, but the relationship between the two populations has not been determined. We show here that many entorhinal speed cells are fast-spiking putative GABAergic neurons. Using retrograde viral labeling from the hippocampus, we find that a subset of these fast-spiking MEC speed cells project directly to hippocampal areas. This projection contains parvalbumin (PV) but not somatostatin (SOM)-immunopositive cells. The data point to PV-expressing GABAergic projection neurons in MEC as a source for widespread speed modulation and temporal synchronization in entorhinal–hippocampal circuits for place representation.