bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing small satellite ground support software for orbit tracking and target acquisition of the HARP cubesat
Authors: Sienkiewicz Noah , Martins J. Vanderlei , Xu Xiaoguang , McBride Brent A. , Remer Lorraine A.
Published: October 2024

Small satellites are efficient at performing Earth science from space due to their limited cost and size. Small satellites (cubesats) achieve much with limited power production/storage, heat dissipation, data storage, and ground contact points/bandwidth. As such it is beneficial to offload as much as possible to ground support systems. Consider the HyperAngular Rainbow Polarimeter (HARP) Cubesat. Its goals were to serve as a technical demonstration prior to the development of HARP2 aboard the NASA Plankton Aerosol Cloud and ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission and to serve as an Earth viewing remote sensing platform which measured the characteristics of clouds and aerosols. HARP cubesat was limited to taking 5-minute capture sequences once every 24 h. It took approximately 10 such captures before it needed to perform data downlink and have its memory cleared for continued use. A ground station at NASA Wallops supported HARP with approximately three points of contact each day. To maximize the value of each capture, ground support software was developed leveraging public data to inform the schedule of each capture. In this paper, we review the algorithms and data sources that allowed us to: 1; predict the HARP orbital track a week in advance, 2; predict also the location of other remote sensing satellites and ground stations relative to HARP, 3; predict the ground view geometry of the instrument along its orbital track, 4; compare global climatological data products of clouds and aerosols along the predicted orbital tracks, and 5; identify and integrate important ground target locations based on remote sensing literature and ongoing natural phenomena. This HARP Orbital Prediction System (HOPS) made HARP into a successful technical demonstration which also offered significant science value. The HOPS system presents a valuable methodology for small satellites to operate efficiently despite their limited capabilities. HOPS is also a useful testbed for studying the sensitivity of scene geometry. Using HOPS, we show that for a wide field-of-view (FOV) instrument, like HARP, latitude/longitude geolocation varies by approximately 0.1∘ at a height of 8–10 km. Scattering angles vary less than 0.01∘ at similar heights, with the worst performance near direct backscatter 180∘.
Detection threshold of distorted self-avatar step length during gait and the effects on the sense of embodiment
Authors: Willaert Iris , Aissaoui Rachid , Vallageas Valentin , Nadeau Sylvie , Duclos Cyril , Labbe David R.
Published: October 2024

In immersive VR, a self-avatar that replicates the user’s movements and is viewed from a first-person perspective can substitute the real body. If the avatar’s movements are sufficiently synchronized with the user’s actual movements, the user can experience a sense of embodiment over the avatar. Recent studies have shown that discrepancies between the movements of the avatar and those of the user can be well tolerated while maintaining high levels of embodiment. The point at which a distortion is perceived (detection threshold) and its impact on the level of embodiment has not been studied in lower limb tasks such as gait. This study aimed to identify a detection threshold of gait asymmetry by unilaterally manipulating the step length of a self-avatar, and the effect of this detection on perceived embodiment. A real-time step length distortion model was developed, and a detection threshold between actual and avatar’s gait movement was assessed on thirty healthy participants. The step length was manipulated to introduce gait asymmetry (ascending condition) or start from a large asymmetry that was gradually decreased (descending). The results showed that, on average, the avatar’s step length could be increased by up to 12% before the participants detected the distortion. Furthermore, in the descending condition, they detected increases that were above 9%. The point of detection had no effect on the sense of embodiment as participants still reported being embodied in their avatars, even when they consciously detected the step length distortion. The sense of embodiment was closely correlated with the level of distortion; as distortion increased, embodiment decreased, and vice versa. For a given distortion level, embodiment was similar whether in the ascending or descending condition. This suggests that embodiment can be achieved even when the avatar’s spatial alignment initially differs from the participants’, provided that alignment is gradually restored. These results provide valuable insights into participants’ ability to tolerate movement discrepancies in embodied avatar experiences during gait in virtual environments, with potential applications in motor training and gait rehabilitation.
Insights from expert coaches on technical performance evaluation in rowing: a pilot study
Authors: Baumann Erik , Schmid Michael J.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Since rowing became an Olympic sport in 1900, rowers have made significant performance gains, partly attributed to increased research, training, and competition knowledge. Rowing technique and biomechanics play an essential role in rowing performance. While some aspects can be quantified with modern tools, coaches' expertise remains essential for technical performance evaluation. Coaches often play a pivotal role in identifying and correcting technical faws; however, novice and intermediate coaches may struggle. This study examines how expert-level rowing coaches assess the technical performance of athletes during on-water rowing.

Methods

Four current and former national team coaches were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The repertory grid technique was employed to explore their initial foci when assessing the rowing technique. The acquired data were content-analysed and listed in a summarising table.

Results

We have detailed both the positive and negative aspects of rowing technique identified by these coaches. Three overarching themes were identified: perceived force application, perceived movement precision, and perceived rhythm and timing.

Discussion

Examining the categories revealed that the coaches with a shared federation background exhibited a relatively high level of similarity in their initial foci. However, looking into their subjective aspects revealed considerable differences. This leads to the hypothesis that a broad spectrum of unique coaches' criteria can lead to the same or similar technique executions from their athletes.
Will the development of smart agriculture improve food safety in international markets? A theoretical approach
Authors: Meziani Lamia , Radjef Mohammed Said , Perito Maria Angela , Hammoudi Abdelhakim
Published: October 2024

Today, there is a significant “digital divide” in the agricultural sector between developing and developed countries. Such a digital disparity has negative consequences on the international competitiveness of these countries and their ability to comply with Food Satefy Standards. We propose a theoretical model to analyze the role of smart agriculture in the ability of countries to comply with international food safety regulations, specifically the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for contaminants such as aflatoxins, pesticides,and heavy metals. Firstly, we show that reducing the digital divide will always improve international food safety and food security (availability of a global supply). However, it can lead to more intense international competition, potentially causing a perverse effect: underinvestment in good agricultural practices by more digitally advanced countries. Furthermore, the digital catch-up of less advanced countries cannot sufficiently reduce health risks in international markets unless accompanied by strengthening official food control systems. Finally, we show that such digital catch-up encourages lowering MRLs rather than relaxing them, contrary to what producers or authorities might hope.
Comparison between rasterstereographic scan and orthopedic examination for posture assessment: an observational study
Authors: Weigel Samuel , Dullien Silvia , Grifka Joachim , Jansen Petra
Published: October 2024

Background

Although the relationship between posture and back pain is still under debate, the potential role of body alignment highlights the importance of postural assessment in the health sector. Despite growing concern about musculoskeletal issues, there remains a lack of consensus on effective methods for detecting postural anomalies.

Methods

This observational study compared postural assessments conducted by orthopedic specialists with those obtained through rasterstereographical spine scans using the DIERS formetric system. Fifty-four children from the third grade (mean age 9.4 years) underwent both assessments, allowing for a comprehensive examination of orthopedic abnormalities. Statistical analysis, including McNemar tests, was employed to compare the results of the assessments and evaluate potential discrepancies.

Results

The comparison between the orthopedic examination and the DIERS scan revealed significant differences in assessing trunk imbalance (p < 0.001), thoracic kyphosis (p < 0.001), and lumbar lordosis (p < 0.001). Additionally, the study identified a high prevalence of orthopedic abnormalities, with 79.6% of the examined children exhibiting at least one issue in the orthopedic visual assessment.

Conclusions

The study highlights the divergence between orthopedic evaluations and DIERS scans, emphasizing the challenges in achieving consistent postural assessments. The static analysis provided by the DIERS system, which quantifies posture in angles and distances, contrasts with the dynamic, functionality-focused approach of orthopedic examinations. The findings raise questions about the practicality and significance of integrating rasterstereography into routine pediatric orthopedic practice. The results underscore the complexity of postural evaluations and advocate for a comprehensive approach to address the multifaceted nature of back health in children.
Effects of yeast peptides on the growth, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities, immune function, and diarrhea status of suckling calves
Authors: Liu Xuexian , Yang Jiashu , Yan Yibo , Wang Kai , Guo Chunyan
Published: October 2024

Yeast peptides, which are small-molecule active peptides extracted from yeast proteins, are known for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of yeast peptide on suckling calves remain unclear. In this study, the effects of yeast peptide supplementation on the growth, diarrhea incidence, and immune function of calves during the suckling period were determined. Thirty newborn calves were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (CON) and the treatment group (AP), which received fresh pasteurized milk supplemented with yeast peptides (5 g/day). The experiment lasted for 49 days (7–56 days of age). The dry matter intake, body weight, diarrhea status, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory activity of the calves were analyzed. The AP group had higher dry matter intake, daily weight gain, and feed efficiency than the CON group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the duration and frequency of diarrhea were significantly lower in the AP group than in the CON group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the immune, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory capabilities of the AP group were significantly higher than those of the CON group (P < 0.05). These findings provide valuable insights for the improvement of early health management during calf rearing.
A Novel Approach to Ripple Cancellation for Low-Speed Direct-Drive Servo in Aerospace Applications
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Ziting , Bai Chaoping , Zhang Shuai
Published: October 2024

Low-frequency harmonic interference is an important factor that affects the performance of low-speed direct-drive servo systems. In order to improve the low-speed smoothness of direct-drive servo, firstly, the causes of the first and second harmonics of electromagnetic torque and tooth harmonics are analyzed based on the mathematical model of PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) and the principle of vector control. Accordingly, the CC-EUMA (Electrical angle Update and Mechanical angle Assignment algorithm for Center Current) and SL-DQPR (Double Quasi-Proportional Resonant control algorithm for Speed Loop) algorithm are proposed. Second, to confirm the algorithm’s efficacy, the harmonic environment is simulated using Matlab/Simulink, and the built harmonic suppression module is simulated and analyzed. Then, a miniaturized, fully digital drive control system is built based on the architecture of the Zynq-7000 series chips. Finally, the proposed suppression algorithm is verified at the board level. According to the experimental results, the speed ripple decreases to roughly one-third of its initial value after the algorithm is included. This effectively delays the speed ripple’s low-speed deterioration and provides a new idea for the low-speed control of the space direct-drive servo system.
Investigation of Asymmetric Flow of a Slender Body with Low-Aspect Ratio Fins Having Large Deflection Angles
Authors: Li Yonghong , Zhang Lin , Gao Chuan , Zhu Jilong , Dong Bin
Published: October 2024

To understand the asymmetric flow of a slender body with low-aspect ratio fins, a wind tunnel experiment was carried out, and the asymmetric flow was observed when the pair of fins had a symmetric deflection angle of 30° at a small angle of attack and zero sideslip angle at transonic speeds. The unsteady characteristics of flow around the moving fins, especially for the evolution of the asymmetric flow, was carefully numerically investigated via the RANS method. To verify the numerical method, the experimental steady wind tunnel data of the NACA 0012 airfoil with sinusoidal pitching motion were adopted. A hysteresis loop exists as a function of the deflection angle during the upstroke and downstroke motions. The side force is periodic due to the asymmetric flow peaks at the downstroke and their peak value appeared at around δz = 25°, which was independent of the deflection frequency. As the deflection frequency increased, the asymmetric flow formed at a higher deflection angle during the upstroke motion, but decayed at a lower deflection angle during the downstroke motion, resulting in a more significant unsteady hysteresis effect.
A Modality-Enhanced Multi-Channel Attention Network for Multi-Modal Dialogue Summarization
Authors: Lu Ming , Liu Yang , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: October 2024

Integrating multi-modal data in natural language processing has opened new pathways for the enhancement of dialogue summarization. However, existing models often struggle to effectively synthesize textual, auditory, and visual inputs. This paper introduces a Modality-Enhanced Multi-Channel Attention Network (MEMA), a novel approach designed to optimize the integration and interaction of diverse modalities for dialogue summarization. MEMA leverages symmetrical embedding strategies to balance the integrity and distinctiveness of each modality, ensuring a harmonious interaction within the unified architecture. By maintaining symmetry in the processing flow, MEMA enhances the contextual richness and coherence of the generated summaries. Our model demonstrates superior performance on the Multi-modal Dialogue Summarization (MDS) dataset, particularly in generating contextually enriched abstract summaries. The results underscore MEMA’s potential to transform dialogue summarization by providing a more symmetrical and integrated understanding of multi-modal interactions, bridging the gap in multi-modal data processing, and setting a new standard for future summarization tasks.
Experimental Study on Improving the Recovery Rate of Low-Pressure Tight Oil Reservoirs Using Molecular Deposition Film Technology
Authors: Shao Chun , Chen Xiaoyang
Published: October 2024

The intricate geological characteristics of tight oil reservoirs, characterized by extremely low porosity and permeability as well as pronounced heterogeneity, have led to a decline in reservoir pressure, substantial gas expulsion, an accelerated decrease in oil production rates, and the inadequacy of traditional water injection methods for enhancing oil recovery. As a result, operators encounter heightened operational costs and prolonged timelines necessary to achieve optimal production levels. This situation underscores the increasing demand for advanced techniques specifically designed for tight oil reservoirs. An internal evaluation is presented, focusing on the application of molecular deposition film techniques for enhanced oil recovery from tight oil reservoirs, with the aim of elucidating the underlying mechanisms of this approach. The research addresses fluid flow resistance by employing aqueous solutions as transmission media and leverages electrostatic interactions to generate nanometer-thin films that enhance the surface properties of the reservoir while modifying the interaction dynamics between oil and rock. This facilitates the more efficient displacement of injected fluids to replace oil during pore flushing processes, thereby achieving enhanced oil recovery objectives. The experimental results indicate that an improvement in oil displacement efficiency is attained by increasing the concentration of the molecular deposition film agent, with 400 mg/L identified as the optimal concentration from an economic perspective. It is advisable to commence with a concentration of 500 mg/L before transitioning to 400 mg/L, considering the adsorption effects near the well zone and dilution phenomena within the reservoir. Molecular deposition films can effectively reduce injection pressure, enhance injection capacity, and lower initiation pressure. These improvements significantly optimize flow conditions within the reservoir and increase core permeability, resulting in a 7.82% enhancement in oil recovery. This molecular deposition film oil recovery technology presents a promising innovative approach for enhanced oil recovery, serving as a viable alternative to conventional water flooding methods.
Interplay of Cardiometabolic Syndrome and Biliary Tract Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis with Gender-Specific Insights
Authors: Di Stasi Vincenza , Contaldo Antonella , Birtolo Lucia , Shahini Endrit
Published: October 2024

BTC overall incidence is globally increasing. CCA, including its subtypes, is a form of BTC. MetS, obesity, MASLD, and diabetes are all linked to CCA in interconnected ways. The link between obesity and CCA is less well-defined in Eastern countries as compared to Western. Although more research is needed to determine the relationship between MASLD and extrahepatic CCA (eCCA), MASLD may be a concurrent risk factor for intrahepatic CCA, particularly in populations with established or unidentified underlying liver disease. Interestingly, the risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC) seemed to be higher in patients with shorter diabetes durations who were not treated with insulin. Therefore, early detection and prevention of chronic liver disease, as well as additional intervention studies, will undoubtedly be required to determine whether improvements to MetS, weight loss, and diabetes therapy can reduce the risk and progression of BTC. However, further studies are needed to understand how reproductive hormones are involved in causing BTC and to develop consistent treatment for patients. Finally, it is critical to carefully assess the cardiological risk in BTC patients due to their increased intrinsic cardiovascular risk, putting them at risk for thrombotic complications, cardiovascular death, cardiac metastasis, and nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis. This review aimed to provide an updated summary of the relation between the abovementioned cardio-metabolic conditions and BTC.
Gone with the Wind: Disappearance of Ulva-Driven Green Tides with Super Typhoons in Jeju Waters, South Korea
Authors: Choi Sun Kyeong , Moon Kyeonglim , Kim Taihun , Son Young Baek , Park Sang Rul
Published: October 2024

Jeju Island, located in the northern East China Sea, is experiencing a rapid rise in water temperature due to climate change. This has led to the increased activity of subtropical species and extreme fluctuations in coastal ecosystems, such as macroalgal blooms and coral bleaching. Additionally, the region is experiencing more frequent and intense typhoons. This study investigated the green tides caused by Ulva, particularly Ulva ohnoi, a subtropical species, and the effects of typhoons on these blooms through photographic analysis of the Jeju coastline. The study area was consistently covered by Ulva species every August from 2020 to 2022. Super typhoons struck Jeju Island every September during the study period, with wind speeds exceeding 20 m/s. In 2020 and 2022, the green tides largely dissipated following the typhoons. This ironic outcome highlights how climate-driven increases in subtropical Ulva biomass are being mitigated by the increasing frequency of super typhoons. However, despite the impact of super typhoon Chanthu in September 2021, there was no significant reduction in the Ulva bloom area. This anomaly may be attributable to the dominant easterly wind system in 2021, as the study area faces east, preventing the typhoon from influencing the distribution of Ulva blooms. These findings suggest that the wind intensity and direction of annual typhoons play a critical role in determining the resolution of green tide outbreaks.
Research on Regulation Method of Variable-Air-Volume Air Conditioning System with “Personal Space”
Authors: Chen Tingting , Zhang Mingyuan , Han Shaoqing , Han Yuhang
Published: October 2024

In large public facilities, such as airport terminals or open-plan office spaces, the HVAC system typically consumes substantial amounts of energy. However, individuals often gather at specific areas while other zones are occupied by transient or occasional users. To minimize operational energy usage, this paper aims to reduce thermal comfort demands in non-targeted areas. This paper introduces a method for regulating the thermal environment around occupants exclusively in the variable-air-volume (VAV) air conditioning running mode. The investigation utilizes Airpak modeling and experimental verification techniques. Additionally, an analysis of temperature field and velocity field distributions within the room under the “personal space” operation mode is presented. The results suggest that adjusting the numbers of air vents, openings, airflow velocities, and air supply orientations can establish a comfortable thermal environment for inhabitants and reduce the overall ADPI value. The combined air supply mode leads to a 16.7% reduction in power usage compared to traditional full-space operation.
New Model for Defining and Implementing Performance Tests
Authors: Bolanowski Marek , Ćmil Michał , Starzec Adrian
Published: October 2024

The article proposes a new model for defining and implementing performance tests used in the process of designing and operating IT systems. By defining the objectives, types, topological patterns, and methods of implementation, a coherent description of the test preparation and execution is achieved, facilitating the interpretation of results and enabling straightforward replication of test scenarios. The model was used to develop and implement performance tests in a laboratory environment and in a production system. The proposed division of the testing process into layers correlated with the test preparation steps allows to separate quasi-independent areas, which can be handled by isolated teams of engineers. Such an approach allows to accelerate the process of implementation of performance tests and may affect the optimization of the cost of their implementation.
Investigation of the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic Period on Respiratory Tract Viruses at Istanbul Medical Faculty Hospital, Turkey
Authors: Mese Sevim , Allahverdiyeva Aytaj , Onel Mustafa , Uysal Hayriye Kırkoyun , Agacfidan Ali
Published: October 2024

Aim: Respiratory viruses significantly impact public health, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates in both children and adults. This study evaluates the distribution and incidence of respiratory tract viruses in our hospital from 2019 to 2022, focusing on changes post-COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: Utilizing molecular methods, we analyzed nasopharyngeal swabs with the FTD Respiratory Pathogens 21 kit and the QIAStat Dx Respiratory Panel kit at Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. A total of 1186 viruses were detected in 2488 samples (47.6% of the total) examined with the FTD Respiratory Pathogens 21 kit between 2019 and 2022. Results: It was determined that the detection rates were 52.8% in 2019, 44.3% in 2020, 50.0% in 2021, and 40.0% in 2022. Notable changes in prevalence were observed for pandemic influenza A (IAV-H1N1pdm2009), parainfluenza virus (PIV)-3, rhinovirus (RV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-A/B (p < 0.05). RV consistently showed the highest detection rates across all years (17.6% to 7.9%). Additionally, 1276 viruses were detected in 1496 samples using the QIAStat DX kit, with 91.3% positivity in 2021 and 78.6% in 2022, highlighting the kit’s effectiveness in rapid diagnosis. Conclusions: This study enhances understanding of respiratory virus epidemiology during and after the pandemic, emphasizing the need for ongoing surveillance and strategic public health measures to address the evolving landscape of respiratory infections.
Degradation Modeling and RUL Prediction of Hot Rolling Work Rolls Based on Improved Wiener Process
Authors: Yan Xuguo , Zhou Shiyang , Zhang Huan , Yi Cancan
Published: October 2024

Hot rolling work rolls are essential components in the hot rolling process. However, they are subjected to high temperatures, alternating stress, and wear under prolonged and complex working conditions. Due to these factors, the surface of the work rolls gradually degrades, which significantly impacts the quality of the final product. This paper presents an improved degradation model based on the Wiener process for predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of hot rolling work rolls, addressing the critical need for accurate and reliable RUL estimation to optimize maintenance strategies and ensure operational efficiency in industrial settings. The proposed model integrates pulsed eddy current testing with VMD-Hilbert feature extraction and incorporates a Gaussian kernel into the standard Wiener process to effectively capture complex degradation paths. A Bayesian framework is employed for parameter estimation, enhancing the model’s adaptability in real-time prediction scenarios. The experimental results validate the superiority of the proposed method, demonstrating reductions in RMSE by approximately 85.47% and 41.20% compared to the exponential Wiener process and the RVM model based on a Gaussian kernel, respectively, along with improvements in the coefficient of determination (CD) by 121% and 19.76%. Additionally, the model achieves reductions in MAE by 85.66% and 42.61%, confirming its enhanced predictive accuracy and robustness. Compared to other algorithms from the related literature, the proposed model consistently delivers higher prediction accuracy, with most RUL predictions falling within the 20% confidence interval. These findings highlight the model’s potential as a reliable tool for real-time RUL prediction in industrial applications.
Enhancing the Lap Shear Performance of Resistance-Welded GF/PP Thermoplastic Composite by Modifying Metal Heating Elements with Silane Coupling Agent
Authors: Long Wanling , Zhou Xinyu , Du Bing , Cheng Xiangrong , Su Guiyang , Chen Liming
Published: October 2024

Thermoplastic composites are gaining widespread application in aerospace and other industries due to their superior durability, excellent damage resistance, and recyclability compared to thermosetting materials. This study aims to enhance the lap shear strength (LSS) of resistance-welded GF/PP (glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene) thermoplastic composites by modifying stainless steel mesh (SSM) heating elements using a silane coupling agent. The influence of oxidation temperature, solvent properties, and solution pH on the LSS of the welded joints was systematically evaluated. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to investigate the SSM surface and assess improvements in interfacial adhesion. The findings indicate that surface treatment promotes increased resin infiltration into the SSM, thereby enhancing the LSS of the resistance-welded joints. Treatment under optimal conditions (500 °C, ethanol solvent, and pH 11) improved LSS by 27.2% compared to untreated joints.
The Influence of Temperature in the Wire Drawing Process on the Wear of Drawing Dies
Authors: Suliga Maciej , Szota Piotr , Gwoździk Monika , Kulasa Joanna , Brudny Anna
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a wear analysis of tungsten carbide drawing dies in the process of steel wire drawing. The finite element method (FEM) analysis showed a significant correlation between drawing die geometry, single reduction size and drawing speed on the rate of drawing die wear. It has been shown that in steel wire drawing at higher drawing speeds, intense heating of the drawing die occurs due to friction at the wire/drawing die interface, leading to premature wear. Tribological tests on the material for the drawing die cores (94%WC+6%Co) confirmed the gradual abrasion of the steel and carbide sample surfaces with the “products” of abrasion sticking to their surfaces. The increase in temperature increases the coefficient of friction, translating into accelerated wear of the drawing dies.
Effect of Eu Ions Concentration in Y2O3-Based Transparent Ceramics on the Electron Irradiation Induced Luminescence and Damage
Authors: Lou Wenhui , Tang Yang , Chen Haohong , Lei Yisong , Lin Hui , Hong Ruijin , Han Zhaoxia , Zhang Dawei
Published: October 2024

Eu3+-doped Y2O3-based luminescent materials can be used as a scintillator for electron or high energy β-ray irradiation, which are essential for applications such as electron microscopy and nuclear batteries. Therefore, it is essential to understand their defect mechanisms and to develop materials with excellent properties. In this paper, Y2O3-based transparent ceramics with different Eu3+ doping concentrations were prepared by solid-state reactive vacuum sintering. This series of transparent ceramic samples exhibits strong red emission under electron beam excitation at the keV level. However, color change appears after the high-energy electron irradiation due to the capture of electrons by the traps in the Y2O3 lattice. Optical transmittance, laser-excited luminescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and other analyses indicated that the traps, or the color change, mainly originate from the residual oxygen vacancies, which can be suppressed by high Eu doping. Seen from the cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra, higher doping concentrations of Eu3+ showed stronger resistance to electron irradiation damage, but also resulted in lower emissions due to concentration quenching. Therefore, 10% doping of Eu was selected in this work to keep the high emission intensity and strong radiation resistance both. This work helps to enhance the understanding of defect formation mechanisms in the Y2O3 matrix and will be of benefit for the modification of scintillation properties for functional materials systems.
Design of Optimal Intervention Based on a Generative Structural Causal Model
Authors: Wu Haotian , Chen Siya , Fan Jun , Jin Guang
Published: October 2024

In the industrial sector, malfunctions of equipment that occur during the production and operation process typically necessitate human intervention to restore normal functionality. However, the question that follows is how to design and optimize the intervention measures based on the modeling of actual intervention scenarios, thereby effectively resolving the faults. In order to address the aforementioned issue, we propose an improved heuristic method based on a causal generative model for the design of optimal intervention, aiming to determine the best intervention measure by analyzing the causal effects among variables. We first construct a dual-layer mapping model grounded in the causal relationships among interrelated variables to generate counterfactual data and assess the effectiveness of intervention measures. Subsequently, given the developed fault intervention scenarios, an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm employing the expected improvement strategy is utilized to optimize the interventions. This method provides guidance for decision-making during equipment operation and maintenance, and the effectiveness of the proposed model and search strategy have been validated through tests on the synthetic datasets and satellite attitude control system dataset.
Feasibility of Employing mHealth in Delivering Preventive Nutrition Interventions Targeting the First 1000 Days of Life: Experiences from a Community-Based Cluster Randomised Trial in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdous Tarana E , Jaman Md. Jahiduj , Siddique Abu Bakkar , Sultana Nadia , Hossain Takrib , Arifeen Shams El , Billah Sk Masum
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: An Android platform-based customised app and web-linked system was developed to aid in implementing selected nutrition interventions by community health workers (CHWs) in a community-based cluster randomised trial (c-RCT) in rural Bangladesh. Methods: Here, we describe the architecture of the intervention delivery system, and explore feasibility of employing mHealth as CHWs’ job aid, employing a mixed-method study design covering 17 visits per mother-child dyad. We analysed CHWs’ real-time visit information from monitoring and documentation data, and CHWs’ qualitative interviews to explore the advantages and barriers of using mHealth as a job aid. Results: Intervention coverage was high across the arms (>90%), except around the narrow perinatal period (51%) due to mothers’ cultural practice of moving to their parents’ homes and/or hospitals for childbirth. CHWs mentioned technical and functional advantages of the job aid including device portability, easy navigability of content, pictorial demonstration that improved communication, easy information entry, and automated daily scheduling of tasks. Technical challenges included charging tablets, especially in power cut-prone areas, deteriorated battery capacity over continuous device usage, unstable internet network in unsupportive weather conditions, and device safety. Nevertheless, onsite supervision and monitoring by expert supervisors remained important to ensure intervention quality. Conclusions: With appropriate training and supervision, CHWs utilised the tablet-based app proficiently, attaining high coverage of long-term visits. mHealth was thus useful for designing, planning, scheduling, and delivering nutrition interventions through CHWs, and for monitoring and supervision by supervisors. Therefore, this application and job aid can be adopted or replicated into the currently developing national health systems platform for improving coverage and quality of preventive maternal and child nutrition services. In addition, continuous supportive supervision by skilled supervisors must be accompanied to ensure CHWs’ task quality. Finally, future studies should rigorously assess undesirable health and environmental effects of mHealth before and after mainstreaming, effective interventions addressing device-induced health hazards should be designed and scaled up, and effective e-waste management must be ensured.
The Potential Effects of Red Wine and Its Components on Neurocognitive Disorders: A Narrative Review
Authors: Boccardi Virginia , Tagliafico Luca , Persia Angelica , Page Elena , Ottaviani Silvia , Cremonini Anna Laura , Borgarelli Consuelo , Pisciotta Livia , Mecocci Patrizia , Nencioni Alessio , Monacelli Fiammetta
Published: October 2024

Background: The aging population is associated with a net increase in the incidence and prevalence of chronic-degenerative diseases, particularly neurocognitive disorders. Therefore, the identification of preventative strategies to restrain the burden of such chronic conditions is of key relevance. Red wine and its components have accumulated evidence regarding their positive effects in terms of neurological pathologies associated with neurocognitive symptoms. Methods: Based on this background, the present narrative review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art evidence on the effects of red wine and its components on neurocognitive disorders in both preclinical and clinical settings. Results: The main findings highlight a protective effect of wine polyphenols present in red wine on dementia in different preclinical models of cognitive decline. The current translational clinical evidence remains uncertain, especially considering the risk-to-benefit ratio of alcohol consumption on brain health. Conclusions: Given the overall health risks associated with red wine consumption and consistent with the prevailing guidelines in the literature, there is insufficient evidence to support light-to-moderate red wine consumption as an effective strategy for preventing these diseases. However, the largely preclinical findings on polyphenols derived from red wine remain of significant interest in this context.
Complementary Role of BMI and EOSS in Predicting All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in People with Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Bioletto Fabio , Ponzo Valentina , Goitre Ilaria , Stella Beatrice , Rahimi Farnaz , Parasiliti-Caprino Mirko , Broglio Fabio , Ghigo Ezio , Bo Simona
Published: October 2024

Objective: To assess the complementary role of the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) in predicting all-cause and cause-specific mortality in people living with overweight and obesity (PLwOW/O). Methods: A longitudinal analysis of prospectively collected data from the 1999–2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was conducted. The association between BMI, EOSS, and mortality was evaluated through Cox regression models, adjusted for confounders. Results: The analysis included 36,529 subjects; 5329 deaths occurred over a median follow-up of 9.1 years (range: 0–20.8). An increased mortality risk was observed for obesity class II and III (HR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.08–1.36, p = 0.001 and HR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.39–1.80, p < 0.001; compared to overweight), and for EOSS stage 2 and 3 (HR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.16–1.58, p < 0.001 and HR = 2.66, 95% CI 2.26–3.14, p < 0.001; compared to stage 0/1). The prognostic role of BMI was more pronounced in younger patients, males, and non-Black individuals, while that of EOSS was stronger in women. Both BMI and EOSS independently predicted cardiovascular- and diabetes-related mortality. EOSS stage 3 was the only predictor of death from malignancy or renal causes. Conclusions: BMI and EOSS independently predict all-cause and cause-specific mortality in PLwOW/O. Their integrated use seems advisable to best define the obesity-related mortality risk.
BMI Mediates the Association between Macronutrient Subtypes and Phenotypic Age Acceleration
Authors: He Kai , Xu Tong , Song Xingxu , Fang Jiaxin , Jiang Kexin , Hu Chengxiang , He Xue , Tao Yuchun , Jin Lina
Published: October 2024

Background: There is growing evidence that diet and aging are associated; however, few studies have examined the relationship between macronutrient subtypes and phenotypic age acceleration, and the extent to which BMI (body mass index) mediates this association is unclear. Methods: This study included 6911 individuals who were 20 years or older and had participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Daily macronutrient intakes were calculated and classified by the quartile of their subtypes. PhenoAgeAccel was calculated as an aging index using nine chemistry biomarkers. Multivariable linear regression and isocaloric substitution effects were used to evaluate the association of macronutrients with PhenoAgeAccel. Mediation analyses were used to examine the mediation role of BMI in the association. Results: After adjusting for the potential covariates, the consumption of high-quality carbohydrates (β = −1.01, 95% CI: −1.91, −0.12), total protein (β = −2.00, 95% CI: −3.16, −0.84), and plant protein (β = −1.65, 95% CI: −2.52, −0.78) was negatively correlated with PhenoAgeAccel; the consumption of SFAs (β = 1.77, 95% CI: 0.72, 2.81) was positively correlated with PhenoAgeAccel. For every serving of low-quality carbohydrates/animal protein and other calories replaced by one serving of high-quality carbohydrates/plant protein, PhenoAgeAccel would be reduced by about 25 percent. The ratio between BMI-mediated high-quality carbohydrates and PhenoAgeAccel accounted for 19.76% of the total effect, while the ratio between BMI-mediated total fat and PhenoAgeAccel accounted for 30.78% of the total effect. Conclusions: Different macronutrient consumption subtypes are related to PhenoAgeAccel, which is partially mediated by BMI, depending on the quality of macronutrients. Replacing low-quality macronutrients with high-quality macronutrients might slow aging.
Effects of Silica Nanoparticles on the Piezoelectro-Elastic Response of PZT-7A–Polyimide Nanocomposites: Micromechanics Modeling Technique
Authors: Umer Usama , Abidi Mustufa Haider , Mian Syed Hammad , Alasim Fahad , Aboudaif Mohammed K.
Published: October 2024

By using piezoelectric materials, it is possible to convert clean and renewable energy sources into electrical energy. In this paper, the effect on the piezoelectro-elastic response of piezoelectric-fiber-reinforced nanocomposites by adding silica nanoparticles into the polyimide matrix is investigated by a micromechanical method. First, the Ji and Mori–Tanaka models are used to calculate the properties of the nanoscale silica-filled polymer. The nanoparticle agglomeration and silica–polymer interphase are considered in the micromechanical modeling. Then, considering the filled polymer as the matrix and the piezoelectric fiber as the reinforcement, the Mori–Tanaka model is used to estimate the elastic and piezoelectric constants of the piezoelectric fibrous nanocomposites. It was found that adding silica nanoparticles into the polymer improves the elastic and piezoelectric properties of the piezoelectric fibrous nanocomposites. When the fiber volume fraction is 60%, the nanocomposite with the 3% silica-filled polyimide exhibits 39%, 31.8%, and 37% improvements in the transverse Young’s modulus ET, transverse shear modulus GTL, and piezoelectric coefficient e31 in comparison with the composite without nanoparticles. Furthermore, the piezoelectro-elastic properties such as ET, GTL, and e31 can be improved as the nanoparticle diameter decreases. However, the elastic and piezoelectric constants of the piezoelectric fibrous nanocomposites decrease once the nanoparticles are agglomerated in the polymer matrix. A thick interphase with a high stiffness enhances the nanocomposite’s piezoelectro-elastic performance. Also, the influence of volume fractions of the silica nanoparticles and piezoelectric fibers on the nanocomposite properties is studied.
Chitin Extracted from Black Soldier Fly Larvae at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Marangon Andrea , Paul Geo , Zaghi Riccardo , Marchese Leonardo , Gatti Giorgio
Published: October 2024

The black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia Illucens can grow rapidly and on a wide variety of organic materials, and it is extensively used as a means of disposing of household organic waste. Different phases of the life cycle of BSF larvae (BSFL) are used in this work to extract chitin after the removal of lipids, mineral salts, and proteins. Multiple techniques, such as X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C ss-NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis, are used to investigate the chemical and physical characteristics of the extracted samples of chitin, which shows a high degree of acetylation (from 78% to 94%). The extracted chitin shows an increase of the thermal stability of 20 °C in the initial stage of life and 35 °C at the end of the life cycle if compared with a commercial standard. Moreover, the extracted chitin shows an increase in the crystallinity degree during the BSFL growth time (from 72% to 78%).
Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printing Parameters Affecting the Translucency of Polylactic Acid Parts
Authors: Vochozka Vladimír , Černý Pavel , Šramhauser Karel , Špalek František , Kříž Pavel , Čech Jiří , Zoubek Tomáš , Bartoš Petr , Kresan Jan , Stehlík Radim
Published: October 2024

The effect of 3D printing parameters by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) on the translucency of polylactic acid (PLA) parts was investigated. Six different printing parameters were studied: object orientation, layer height, nozzle temperature, fan speed, extrusion multiplier, and printing speed. The commercially available Plasty Mladeč PLA filament and the Original Prusa MK4 3D printer were used for the experiments. The translucency of the printed samples of 50 × 25 × 1 mm dimensions was measured using a luxmeter in an integrating sphere. A total of 32 sample combinations were created. Each sample was printed ten times. The results show that all investigated parameters significantly affect the optical properties of PLA parts. The best measured translucency values were obtained when printing in portrait mode, with a layer height of 0.30 mm, nozzle temperature of 240 °C, fan speed of 100%, 0.75 set extrusion multiplier, and a speed of 40 mm/s. ANOVA was used to statistically evaluate the effect of each parameter on translucency, and statistically significant differences were found between different combinations of parameters (p < 0.05). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis provided detailed images of the surface structure of the printed samples, allowing for a better discussion of the microscopic properties affecting the translucency. The best print setting has an efficiency of 88% compared to the default setting of 65%. The ability of visible light to pass through the print (translucency) improved by 23%.
Mechanical and Thermal Degradation-Related Performance of Recycled LDPE from Post-Consumer Waste
Authors: Müller Miroslav , Kolář Viktor , Mishra Rajesh Kumar
Published: October 2024

This paper presents research aimed at laboratory experiments on static and cyclic fatigue testing of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) recovered from post-consumer waste in order to develop a recycled product exhibiting satisfactory mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties. The results of the cyclic fatigue tests set up to 80% of the maximum load in static tensile testing demonstrated satisfactory functionality of the recycled material developed by using the injection molding process. There was no significant change in the tensile strength under static and cyclic fatigue tests. Under cyclic loading, there was a quasi-static effect manifested by plastic deformation, and the displacement increased significantly. The static and cyclic tensile tests indicated improvement in the mechanical performance of the recycled LDPE as compared to the virgin material, owing to the high quality of the regranulates. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted to analyze the functional groups in virgin and recycled LDPE samples. The analysis showed no significant change in the transmittance spectra. The thermal degradation performance was also analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The results were quite similar for both virgin and recycled LDPE.