bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of in vitro metabolism and cytotoxicity of mephedrone and methoxetamine in human and pig liver models using GC/MS and LC/MS analyses
Authors: Alshamaileh Majed , Hussain Issam , Baron Mark , Croxton Ruth , Vetter Marleen , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Jose
Published: January 2021

In the current study, the metabolism of two novel psychoactive substances (NPSs), mephedrone and methoxetamine (MXE), was studied in vitro in pig liver microsomes to determine potential metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Later, in vitro studies were performed using HepaRG™ cells to determine the human metabolites of these drugs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aim of the study was to detect metabolites from the metabolic mixture in the human cell lines using GC-MS, since this is a more readily available technique within forensic laboratories. Microsomes were prepared through a conventional ultracentrifugation method and incubated under optimized conditions with the drugs for 3 h. Subsequently, the samples were investigated using LC-MS. A similar methodology was then applied in the HepaRG™ cells, and the GC-MS conditions were optimized using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide as a derivatization agent. The analysis showed two molecules from a successful in vitro metabolism, namely, hydroxytoly-mephedrone and nor-dihydro mephedrone. For MXE, two metabolites are presented produced by the O-demethylation and reduction of the ketone moiety to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. Using the human HepaRG™ cells, only nor-dihydro mephedrone could be identified by GC-MS. Since hydroxytoly-mephedrone and the MXE metabolites are more polar, it is suggested that GC-MS even with derivatization may not be suitable. In addition, cytotoxicity was studied utilizing HepaRG™ cell lines. The drugs show cytotoxic effects causing in vitro cell death, within the specified range of EC50 0.3211 mM (79 μg/mL) and 0.6297 mM (111 μg/mL) for mephedrone and MXE, respectively. These drugs were able to cause 73–84% cell death.
CircRNA circ_0004370 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibits cell apoptosis of esophageal cancer via miR-1301-3p/COL1A1 axis
Authors: Chen Xiaobo , Sun Hongwen , Zhao Yunping , Zhang Jing , Xiong Guosheng , Cui Yue , Lei Changcheng
Published: January 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the circ_0004370 expression in EC, its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms in EC.

Methods

The protein levels of COL1A1 and EMT-related proteins were detected by western blot. The role of circ_0004370 on cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The transwell assay was used to examine cell migration and invasion. The binding sites between miR-1301-3p and circ_0004370 or COL1A1 were predicted by starbase software and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay.

Results

We discovered that circ_0004370 was remarkably upregulated in EC tissues and cells. Knockdown of circ_0004370 inhibited cell proliferation, migration as well as invasion, and promoted apoptosis in vitro, while its effect was rescued by miR-1301-3p inhibition. And circ_0004370 mediated the EMT process in EC cells. Moreover, we explored its regulatory mechanism and found that circ_0004370 directly bound to miR-1301-3p and COL1A1 was verified as a target of miR-1301-3p. COL1A1 was highly expressed in EC cells and upregulation of COL1A1 reversed the effects of miR-1301-3p on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. In addition, silencing of circ_0004370 reduced tumor volumes and weights in vivo. We showed that circ_0004370/miR-1301-3p/COL1A1 axis played the critical role in EC to regulate the cell activities.

Conclusion

Circ_0004370 promotes EC proliferation, migration and invasion, and EMT process and suppresses apoptosis by regulating the miR-1301-3p/COL1A1 axis, indicating that circ_0004370 may be used as a potential therapeutic target for EC.
Bioactive peptide effect on brain activity identified by 2D brain mapping
Authors: Turnip Arjon , Kusumandari Dwi Esti , Simbolon Arta Inovita , Duhita Narendra
Published: January 2021

Soybean is a grain product that has a lot of protein content. Bioactive peptides derived from soybean protein are believed to have the ability to maintain brain health such as the neurotransmitter system. Brain mapping is a mapping of the electrical activity of the brain to study the functional human brain. In this study, 2D brain mapping based on power spectrum is proposed to see the differences in brain activity in adolescents before and 1 h after consuming soy peptide using the 19-channel electroencephalogram. In the experiment, the adolescents in an age range of 16–24 years were involved (fasting in the span of 7–8 h before the experiment). The 2D brain mapping results showed that after consuming soy peptide, the subject as seen from alpha waves experienced an increase in activity by 5%.
Is organic agriculture a potential public health indicator? Evidence from literature
Authors: Ferreira Fátima , Mendes-Moreira Pedro , Botelho Goreti
Published: January 2021

Organic agriculture is a system of production whose principles are health, ecology, fairness, and care. Bearing in mind the principle of health and its links to agriculture and human health, the main goal of this work is to suggest the inclusion of organic agriculture as a public health indicator. For this purpose, four scientific online databases such as b-on, PubMed®, Scielo, and ScienceDirect were used for searching the research publications relating organic agriculture (and organic farming) with human health. However, no study suggesting organic agriculture as a public health indicator has been found. For this reason, a pictorial conceptual model that advocates the inclusion of organic agriculture as an indicator of public health was developed for the first time. This proposal intends to provide a tool that can be used by organizations and public health institutions when revising and updating their health indicators.
Updated management of occipital nerve stimulator lead migration: case report of a technical challenge
Authors: De Andres Jose , Formicola Giuseppe Luca , Rubio-Haro Ruben , De Andres-Serrano Carmen
Published: January 2021

Electrode migration is a challenge, even with adequate anchoring techniques, due to the high mechanical stress on components of occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) for headache disorders. When a lead displacement of an ONS implant is diagnosed, there are currently different approaches described for its management. Nevertheless current neuromodulation devices are designed like a continuum of components without any intermediate connector, and if a lead displacement is diagnosed, the solution is the complete removal of the electrode from its placement, and its repositioning through an ex-novo procedure. The described technique can allow ONS leads to be revised while minimizing the need to reopen incisions over the IPG, thus improving patients’ intraoperative and postoperative discomfort, shortening surgical time and medical costs, reasonably reducing the incidence of infective postoperative complications.
Soil Moisture Responses Associated with Significant Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Events
Authors: Case Jonathan L. , Wood Lance T. , Blaes Jonathan L. , White Kristopher D. , Hain Christopher R. , Schultz Christopher J.
Published: January 2021

Several historic rainfall and flooding events associated with Atlantic Basin tropical cyclones have occurred in recent years within the conterminous United States: Hurricane Joaquin (2015) in early October over South Carolina; Hurricane Harvey (2017) in late August over southeastern Texas; Hurricane Florence (2018) in September over North Carolina; and Tropical Storm Imelda (2019) in September, again over southeastern Texas. A common attribute of these events includes a dramatic transition from dry soils to exceptional flooding in a very short time. We use an observations-driven land surface model to measure the response of modeled soil moisture to these tropical cyclone rainfall events and quantify the soil moisture anomalies relative to a daily, county-based model climatology spanning 1981 to 2013. Modeled soil moisture evolution is highlighted, including a comparison of the total column (0-2 m) soil moisture percentiles (derived from analysis values) to the 1981-2013 climatological database. The South Carolina event associated with Hurricane Joaquin resulted in a sudden transition from severe drought to significant flooding in the span of a few days, due to locally 700+ mm of rainfall. The prolonged heavy rainfall associated with Hurricane Harvey resulted in record soil moisture values well in excess of the tail of the climatological distribution. The soil moisture west of the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area was anomalously dry prior to Harvey, but quickly transitioned to near saturation in the top 1 m, while east of the Houston area antecedent soil moisture values were more moist prior to the local 1200+ mm of rainfall and catastrophic flooding in the Beaumont/Port Arthur area. Hurricane Florence led to widespread 500-700+ mm of rainfall in North Carolina, and another dramatic transition from anomalously dry conditions to record wetness. Once again, with Tropical Storm Imelda, portions of southeastern Texas experienced extreme rainfall amounts up to 1000+ mm, resulting in another sharp transition from drought conditions to extreme flooding in <3 days. An experimental forecast soil moisture percentile is presented for the Imelda event, showing the potential to increase situational awareness for upcoming flooding episodes, along with a discussion of how an ensemble-based approach could be explored to address forecast model error and uncertainty.
Von links nach rechts: Wandel der regionalen Unterstützung für die technokratisch-populistische Bewegung ANO 2011 bei den tschechischen Parlamentswahlen 2013 und 2017
Authors: Maškarinec Pavel , Novotny Lukas
Published: January 2021

Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Dominanz der ANO-Bewegung insbesondere am Beispiel der zwei Parlamentswahlen von 2013 und 2017 zu erklären und damit zur Diskussion über den "technokratischen Populismus" beizutragen. Während in Kapitel 1 der Begriff des technokratischen Populismus erläutert wird, beschäftigt sich das nächste Kapitel mit der Protestbewegung ANO 2011 und deren Erfolgen als Beispiel des technokratischen Populismus. Die Analyse präsentiert Befunde der Parteienforschung sowie der Wahlgeographie und gibt Antworten auf  folgende Frage: Überschreitet die räumliche Unterstützung der ANO-Bewegung angesichts ihrer programmatischen Entideologisierung und ihres technokratisch-kommunikativen Stils die langfristigen räumlichen Trennlinien des WählerInnenspektrums, oder ist sie vorzugsweise in traditionell linken oder rechten Gebieten der Tschechischen Republik erfolgreicher, übernimmt also nur WählerInnen aus den traditionellen Blöcken des traditionellen Parteienspektrums?
The Logic of Developing Neocortical Circuits in Health and Disease
Authors: Hanganu-Opatz Ileana L. , Butt Simon J. B. , Hippenmeyer Simon , De Marco García Natalia V. , Cardin Jessica A. , Voytek Bradley , Muotri Alysson R.
Published: January 2021

The sensory and cognitive abilities of the mammalian neocortex are underpinned by intricate columnar and laminar circuits formed from an array of diverse neuronal populations. One approach to determining how interactions between these circuit components give rise to complex behavior is to investigate the rules by which cortical circuits are formed and acquire functionality during development. This review summarizes recent research on the development of the neocortex, from genetic determination in neural stem cells through to the dynamic role that specific neuronal populations play in the earliest circuits of neocortex, and how they contribute to emergent function and cognition. While many of these endeavors take advantage of model systems, consideration will also be given to advances in our understanding of activity in nascent human circuits. Such cross-species perspective is imperative when investigating the mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of early neocortical circuits in neurodevelopmental disorders, so that one can identify targets amenable to therapeutic intervention.
Preparing Counselor Education and Supervision Doctoral Students Through an HLT Lens: The Importance of Research and Scholarship
Authors: Brown Cian L. , Vajda Anthony J. , Christian David D.
Published: January 2021

We examined the publication trends of faculty in 396 CACREP-accredited counselor education and supervision (CES) programs based on Carnegie classification by exploring 5,250 publications over the last decade in 21 American Counseling Association and American Counseling Association division journals. Using Bayesian statistics, this study expounded upon existing literature and differences that exist between institution classifications and total publications. The results of this study can be used to inform the training and preparation of doctoral students in CES programs through a Happenstance Learning Theory framework, specifically regarding their role as scholars and researchers. We present implications and argue for the importance of programs and faculty providing research experience for doctoral students in order to promote career success and satisfaction.
“They Stay With You”: Counselor Educators’ Emotionally Intense Gatekeeping Experiences
Authors: DeCino Daniel A. , Waalkes Phillip L. , Dalbey Amanda
Published: January 2021

Emotionally intense gatekeeping experiences can require counselor educators to engage in a complicated, time- and energy-consuming, and draining series of events that can last years and involve legal proceedings. Research related to counselor educators’ experiences of intense emotions while gatekeeping remains limited. The aim of this transcendental phenomenological study was to investigate counselor educators’ (N = 11) emotionally intense gatekeeping experiences. Five themes emerged from the data: early warning signs, elevated student misconduct, dismissal, legal interactions, and change from experience. By being transparent about their feelings and challenges regarding emotionally intense gatekeeping experiences, counselor educators may compel other faculty, counselors in the field, and doctoral students to be better prepared for emotional gatekeeping experiences.
A Q Methodology Study of a Doctoral Counselor Education Teaching Instruction Course
Authors: Baltrinic Eric R. , Suddeath Eric G.
Published: January 2021

Many counselor education and supervision (CES) doctoral programs offer doctoral-level teaching instruction courses as part of their curriculum to help prepare students for future teaching roles, yet little is known about the essential design, delivery, and evaluation components of these courses. Accordingly, the authors investigated instructor and student views on the essential design, delivery, and evaluation components of a doctoral counselor education teaching instruction (CETI) course using Q methodology. Eight first-year CES doctoral students and the course instructor from a large Midwestern university completed Q-sorts, which were factor analyzed. Three factors were revealed, which were named The Course Designer, The Future Educator, and The Empathic Instructor. The authors gathered post–Q-sort qualitative data from participants using a semi-structured questionnaire, and the results from the questionnaires were incorporated into the factor interpretations. Implications for incorporating the findings into CES pedagogy and for designing, delivering, and evaluating CETI courses are presented. Limitations and future research suggestions for CETI course design and delivery are discussed.
Recruiting, Retaining, and Supporting Students from Underrepresented Racial Minority Backgrounds in Doctoral Counselor Education
Authors: Ju Jennie , Merrell-James Rose , Coker J. Kelly , Ghoston Michelle , Casado Pérez Javier F. , Field Thomas A.
Published: January 2021

Few models exist that inform how counselor education programs proactively address the gap between diverse student needs and effective support. In this study, we utilized grounded theory qualitative research to gain a better understanding of how 15 faculty members in doctoral counselor education and supervision programs reported that their departments responded to the need for recruiting, retaining, and supporting doctoral students from underrepresented racial minority backgrounds. We also explored participants’ reported successes with these strategies. A framework emerged to explain the strategies that counselor education departments have implemented in recruiting, supporting, and retaining students from underrepresented racial minority backgrounds. The main categories identified were: (a) institutional and program characteristics, (b) recruitment strategies, and (c) support and retention strategies. The latter two main categories both had the same two subcategories, namely awareness and understanding, and proactive and intentional efforts. The latter subcategory had three subthemes of connecting to cultural identity, providing personalized support, and faculty involvement.
Relational Cultural Theory–Informed Advising in Counselor Education
Authors: Dipre Kirsis A. , Luke Melissa
Published: January 2021

Relational cultural theory emerged in the 1970s as a reaction to the dominant view of women in psychology and continues to challenge societal values while promoting social justice. Key tenets of relational cultural theory are to promote growth-fostering relationships and move toward connection. These may be applied in a variety of contexts within higher education. This conceptual manuscript provides an overview of advising relationships, particularly within counselor education. A thorough review of relational cultural theory and its potential utility in advising is presented. Then a case conceptualization is provided to illustrate how faculty advisors can enhance their advising practices and better address interpersonal dynamics within the advising relationship. Implications for using this framework in multiple higher education settings are discussed.
Gaining Administrative Support for Doctoral Programs in Counselor Education
Authors: Scherer Rebecca , Moro Regina , Jungersen Tara , Contos Leslie , Field Thomas A.
Published: January 2021

Initiating and sustaining a counselor education and supervision doctoral program requires navigating institutions of higher education, which are complex systems. Using qualitative analysis, we explored 15 counselor educators’ experiences collaborating with university administrators to gain support for beginning and sustaining counselor education and supervision doctoral programs. Results indicate the need to understand political elements, economical aspects, and the identity of the proposed program. Limitations and areas for future research are presented.
The Pipeline Problem in Doctoral Counselor Education and Supervision
Authors: Field Thomas A. , Snow William H. , Hinkle J. Scott
Published: January 2021

The hiring of new faculty members in counselor education programs can be complicated by the available pool of qualified graduates with doctoral degrees in counselor education and supervision, as required by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) for core faculty status. A pipeline problem for faculty hiring may exist in regions with fewer doctoral programs. In this study, the researchers examined whether the number of doctoral programs accredited by CACREP is regionally imbalanced. The researchers used an ex post facto study to analyze differences in the number of doctoral programs among the five regions commonly defined by national counselor education associations and organizations. A large and significant difference was found in the number of CACREP-accredited doctoral programs by region, even when population size was statistically controlled. The Western region had by far the fewest number of doctoral programs. The number of CACREP-accredited master’s programs in a state was a large and significant predictor for the number of CACREP-accredited doctoral programs in a state. State population size, state population density, the number of universities per state, and the number of American Psychological Association–accredited counseling psychology programs were not predictors. Demand may surpass supply of doctoral counselor educators in certain regions, resulting in difficulties with hiring new faculty for some CACREP-accredited programs. An analysis of programs currently in the process of applying for CACREP accreditation suggests that this pipeline problem looks likely to continue or even worsen in the near future. Implications for counselor education and supervision are discussed.
Mentoring Doctoral Student Mothers in Counselor Education: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Kent Vanessa , Runyan Helen , Savinsky David , Knight Jasmine
Published: January 2021

When the pursuit of doctoral studies and motherhood intersect, the risk of attrition increases. Although other studies have explored the challenges of student mothers in academia, this study looked at how mentorship might mediate them. This phenomenological study examined the mentoring experiences of doctoral student mothers or recent graduates in counselor education and supervision programs (N = 12). Unanimously, participants articulated that their professional identity was enhanced by their identity as mothers, but balancing multiple roles required supportive mentors. Participants described the personal qualities of effective faculty and peer mentors, many also mothers who understood their needs. Mentoring served as a protective factor in helping navigate barriers, providing academic and emotional encouragement, reducing isolation, and creating realistic timelines. Suggestions for mentoring programs and advocacy are discussed.
Aretaeus and the Ekphrasis of Agony
Authors: Gleason Maud
Published: January 2021

As an imperial Greek author of both cultural and stylistic interest, Aretaeus deserves to be more widely read. His most riveting disease descriptions bring before our eyes the spectacle of the human body in extreme states of suffering and dehumanization. These descriptions achieve a degree of visual immediacy and emotional impact unparalleled among ancient medical writers. This essay considers them as examples of ekphrastic rhetoric, designed to create enargeia. To intensify immediacy and impact, Aretaeus deploys a set of techniques that invite the reader’s active engagement with the spectacle he describes. This engagement has the potential to generate a corporeal response that destabilizes the boundary between the body of the reader and the body in the text. The modern concept of “empathy” is perhaps too anodyne to convey the complexity of the response involved.
Living on the Edge
Authors: Porter James I.
Published: January 2021

Roman Stoicism is typically read as a therapeutic philosophy that is centered around the care of the self and presented in the form of a self-help manual. Closer examination reveals a less reassuring and more challenging side to the school’s teachings, one that provokes ethical reflection at the limits of the self’s intactness and coherence. The self is less an object of inquiry than the by-product of a complex set of experiences in the face of nature and society and across any number of flashpoints, from one’s own or others’ beliefs, actions, values, and relationships to the difficulty of sizing up one’s place in the universe. The pressures of natural and ethical reflection put intuitive conceptions of the self at considerable risk. The Roman Stoic self proves to be vulnerable, contingent, unbounded, relational, and opaque—in short, a rich matrix of problems that point beyond the individual self and anticipate contemporary critiques of the self.
Minor Characters in Homer’s Iliad
Authors: Ready Jonathan L.
Published: January 2021

This article focuses on those Iliadic characters who fall in battle to the poem’s major heroes. Homer has various ways to make these characters minor, such as through processes of obscuring or typification or by focusing on a specific body part. By making a character minor, the poet signals that we need not attend to him. After he makes a character minor, the poet can suggest that in the process of being made minor a character paradoxically ends up diverting attention from another character, or he can portray minorness as marked by an inability to divert attention from another. The poet can present in one episode these two different visions of minorness and can make one character depict another as minor by using the tactics deployed by the narrator. This study accentuates the narratological complexities that arise in the poet’s depiction of minor characters. That complexity shapes our understanding of the Iliad’s concern with the distribution of narrative attention among all its characters.
Early Identity, Environment, and Experience
Authors: González Gabriela
Published: January 2021

Josefina Fierro de Bright served as a political and social activist in the 1930s and 1940s through her participation in the Mexican Defense Committee, El Congreso (the National Congress of Spanish-Speaking Peoples), and the Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee, as well as her important efforts to end the violent attacks on ethnic Mexicans in Los Angeles during the Zoot Suit Riots. Fierro participated in organizations focused on human, civil, women’s, and labor rights. She contributed to a cross-cultural “politics of opposition” determined to create a world where true equality might flourish. She used American nationalist and transnationalist approaches. In the United States, Fierro networked with activists, celebrities, and political leaders who supported many of the same causes that she did. Her transnational approach materialized in the form of collaboration with the Mexican consulate, which also sought to secure the human rights of ethnic Mexicans living in the United States during a time of strong anti-Mexican sentiment. In order to understand why and how Fierro emerged as a leader willing to challenge the racism undergirding the segregation and mistreatment of ethnic Mexicans in California in the 1930s and 1940s, this study examines her family’s history of social activism, the fluid sociocultural environment of an American Left in which women played central roles, and her bold and charismatic leadership style.
“I Do Not Mean to Frown on Everything the Men Propose”
Authors: Van Ingen Linda
Published: January 2021

California’s first four assemblywomen began their historic tenure in 1919 in the state’s Forty-Third Session of the Legislature. They joined a growing number of women elected to state legislatures before ratification of the federal suffrage amendment. Entitled to run for office when enfranchised by the state in 1911, and elected in 1918, Esto Broughton (Stanislaus County), Grace Dorris (Kern County), Elizabeth Hughes (Butte County), and Anna Saylor (Alameda County) challenged the all-male exclusivity of the legislature by creating political space for women’s equal inclusion and bringing the value of their diversity as women into lawmaking. Intersectionality informs this history, because assemblywomen’s status as white, middle-class women enabled them to ally with men of similar status and to focus on progress for women of their race and class. Contributing to the history of early women in elective politics, and drawing on newspaper and state legislative records, this article explores how the assemblywomen downplayed their gender in self-presentation but focused on it in legislation. The first four women, moreover, voted on two amendments to the U.S. Constitution, beginning the legislative session with ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment and concluding the year with a vote for the Nineteenth Amendment. Their efforts as California’s first legislators solidified the value of women’s diversity in the legislature and, by voting to extend woman suffrage nationwide, they ensured women’s continued inclusion in elective politics.
“The Future of Women in Government Is Indeed a Bright One”
Authors: Tewes Amanda
Published: January 2021

March Fong Eu (1922–2017) was a talented California politician who broke barriers as the first Asian American and first woman elected to serve as California’s secretary of state (1975–1994). Previously, she served on the Alameda County Board of Education (1956–1966) and was the first Asian American and one of few women in the California State Assembly at mid-century (1967–1974). Known for a 1969 toilet-smashing publicity stunt to call attention to her legislation establishing free public restrooms in California, Eu skirted many of the obstacles that mid-century women politicians faced by creating her own political networks, building personal relationships with colleagues, and gathering public attention on her own terms. The progressive Eu gained a foothold in California politics during a time of conservative control, yet she also served during a pivotal moment in the state’s history when women and people of color were advancing in California politics. She was ambitious but never reached the pinnacle of her political abilities. As such, Eu’s life and work highlight the momentum of mid- to late-twentieth-century political women leaders in California, but also point to the historical limits of political success for women at all levels of government.
Out of the Shadows and into Politics
Authors: Chung Sue Fawn
Published: January 2021

From 1974 to 1984, Democrat Lilly Fong (1925–2002) served on the Nevada Board of Regents, the first Chinese American woman to win an election in Nevada and to hold that position. Fong laid the foundation for Republican Cheryl Lau (b. 1944) to be elected as Nevada’s secretary of state (1991–1994), the first Asian American to hold a major statewide office in Nevada. This study focuses on how and why these women emerged from the shadows into Nevada politics and suggests why they failed in later attempts to win an office. As second- and later-generation Chinese American women, they shared the strong Chinese cultural traditions, beliefs, and prejudices and were products of the changing role of education for women and the emergence of women in Chinese and Chinese American public life. They also were affected by the women’s movement in the United States and the Chinese emphasis on education, which led them both to advanced degrees and teaching. Gender and racial discrimination, anti-Chinese legislation and attitudes, and history and cultural traditions, especially the belief that women should be confined to domestic activities, were among the many barriers they had to overcome. They became active at a time when Chinese American political organizations became more influential and widespread, especially in cities with large Chinatowns. They, like many of their generation, had historical role models and contemporary ones, including Democrats Patsy Mink (1927–2002) of Hawaii and March Fong Eu (1922–2017) of California (to name just two). They shared similar backgrounds, including parents who were active in the community, the financial support of their husbands, a concern for U.S.-China relations, and, from time to time, their appeal to the mainstream community. They both believed in the Confucian adage that “education is the equalizer of mankind.” What they both lacked in their later campaign efforts were mentoring on tactics and the ability to quickly challenge negative media publicized by their opponents. They needed strong pan-Asian support, but, until 2000, Nevada had a small Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) population. They also needed broader support among voters of other races and ethnicities. Both women, who had female challengers at one point or another, lost to Euro-American women, which suggests that gender was not the major factor in those reelection failures. They had responded to the call for AAPI involvement in politics and, by their efforts, laid the foundations for recent successes of other AAPI women in Nevada and the West.
From Socialite to Public Servant
Authors: Heidorn Nicolas
Published: January 2021

In 1912, one year after women won the right to vote in California, Luella Johnston became the first woman elected to Sacramento’s city council, and to any city council in the state. She played an integral role linking the local clubwomen, progressive, and suffrage movements in California’s capital city. Her remarkable life provides a case study of how women in the early 1900s acquired and used political power, and in doing so changed their own and public perceptions of a woman’s role in the public sphere.
Diferencias y similitudes entre películas de princesas Disney y sus orígenes literarios
Authors: Monleón Oliva Vicente
Published: January 2021

La productora Disney toma como referencias los cuentos clásicos de los hermanos Grimm y de Charles Perrault, reinventando sus historias y adaptándolas a sus pretensiones como compañía de cine moralizadora que pretende americanizar a la población mundial consumidora de sus productos. Por ello, se analiza de un modo cualitativo a través de un estudio comparativo las similitudes y diferencias de Blancanieves, Cenicienta y Aurora con respecto a la película de animación y el libro en el cual está basada; partiendo de un posicionamiento feminista. Concretamente, la atención se centra en las variables de estudio sobre la belleza occidental, la imposición de la estructura familiar nuclear, los principios del amor romántico, la estructura social de clases de corte estamental y la imposición del dogma cristiano. Consecuentemente, se manifiesta el mensaje originario y de qué manera se modifica a través de una productora de animación.
Inserción laboral y diversidad funcional: un estudio compostelano con perspectiva de género
Authors: Mariño Fernández Raquel , González Río Gemma
Published: January 2021

El empleo se considera un eje central de la inclusión y su ausencia conlleva una serie de carencias sociales, educativas, de participación e igualdad, que desembocan en una vulnerabilidad social. En el caso de las mujeres, su ausencia multiplica la incidencia de otras variables que dificultan su plena inclusión social.  

La Agenda 2030 (ONU, 2015), establece 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) que, de forma transversal, incluyen en su objetivo cinco la perspectiva de género. En pleno transcurso a favor del desarrollo sostenible, nos planteamos estudiar el cómo se están llevando a cabo acciones locales en la ciudad de Santiago de Compostela, que contemplen la inclusión laboral de mujeres con diversidad funcional.  

Para ello, seguimos un enfoque metodológico de doble vertiente: se realiza un análisis profundo de normativa, programas y recursos web de instituciones destacadas del ámbito compostelano; y se encuesta a informantes clave para conocer los aspectos que favorecen la inserción laboral de este colectivo. Las entidades participantes son Down Compostela, FADEMGA Plena Inclusión Galicia, COGAMI y ACADAR
Modelos de biomasa y carbono para árboles de Gmelina arborea en plantaciones clonales
Authors: Fonseca-González William , Murillo-Cruz Rafael , Ávila-Arias Carlos , Rojas-Vargas Marilyn , Spínola Parallada Romeo Manuel
Published: January 2021

[Introducción]: La evaluación de la biomasa y el desarrollo de modelos es un elemento clave para determinar el potencial de mitigación del cambio climático de los ecosistemas forestales. Los bosques plantados año tras año ocupan mayor área, también adquieren mayor relevancia en el almacenamiento de carbono, pero existe poca información sobre la cuantificación de biomasa y carbono para la diversidad de especies, sitios y grado de manejo. [Objetivo]: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la biomasa de los distintos componentes o fracciones (hojas, ramas, fuste, raíz) del árbol. [Metodología]: Por medio del método destructivo e indirecto, para construir modelos predictivos de biomasa y carbono para los distintos componentes del árbol. Los modelos se desarrollaron por medio del método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios que utiliza como variable predictora el diámetro normal. [Resultados]: Estas ecuaciones explicaron más del 92 % de la variabilidad observada en biomasa y el carbono, con errores de estimados inferiores a 8.5 %, excepto para el carbono en hojas con menor ajuste (R2= 78.2) y mayor error (10.9 %). El fuste representó el 65.6 % de biomasa total del árbol, tiene 37 % de materia seca y 0.48 de fracción de carbono. [Conclusiones]: El aporte del follaje a la biomasa y carbono total del árbol es mínimo, por lo cual debería justificarse muy bien la asignación de tiempo y recursos para evaluar este componente. Los modelos elegidos son muy prácticos de usar porque requieren solo del diámetro como variable predictora.
Valoración ecológica de los servicios ecosistémicos prestados por el suelo en fincas cafeteras en Belén de Umbría, Colombia
Authors: Bedoya-Gómez Bis Davidson , Dossman-Gil Miguel Angel , Marín-Fernández Jeferson
Published: January 2021

[Introducción]: Los beneficios que presta el suelo por medio de los servicios ecosistémicos de regulación, son importantes para el desarrollo de los sistemas productivos de café y son estratégicos para la adaptación al cambio climático. [Objetivo]: En la presente investigación se buscó valorar ecológicamente los servicios ecosistémicos prestados por el suelo en fincas cafeteras de La Cuchilla de San Juan. [Metodología]: Se colectó información en dos periodos de tiempo sobre las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas de los suelos de 15 predios. Se delimitaron 3 unidades de análisis denominadas ventanas, donde se determinaron 6 servicios ecosistémicos (disponibilidad de nutrientes, de agua, de actividad microbiológica, capacidad de enraizamiento, resistencia a la erosión y sumidero de dióxido de carbono). Se definieron las variables con mayor peso en la variabilidad de los servicios ecosistémicos y se realizó un proceso de estandarización para el manejo adecuado de la información. Se generaron tres índices (óptimo, de comportamiento y de gestión). [Resultados]: Se identificó que la disponibilidad de nutrientes y de actividad microbiológica es baja, la resistencia a la erosión y sumidero de dióxido de carbono varía entre bajo y medio, en tanto, la disponibilidad de agua y capacidad de enraizamiento varía entre medio y alto. El predio El Consuelo, obtuvo la mejor valoración; La Mirla, Los Pinos y El Progreso fueron los predios con menor valoración. [Conclusiones]: Se pudo evidenciar que las dinámicas antrópicas han incidido directamente en las condiciones del suelo, y por ello, es importante la planificación predial de los territorios.
Geología, geomorfología y ocurrencia de deslizamientos en la cuenca alta del Río Virilla, Costa Rica
Authors: Sequeira-Arguedas José María
Published: January 2021

El cerro Pico de Piedra constituye una estructura volcánica colapsada del Grupo volcánico Irazú, asociable con el vulcanismo del miembro Paraíso y conforma la cuenca alta del río Virilla. La interpretación por medio de sensores remotos, recopilación bibliográfica, levantamiento geomorfológico y visitas al campo permitieron identificar procesos erosivos intensos en la cuenca, inestabilidad de laderas y susceptibilidad del corredor vial La Holanda que comunica fincas productoras de leche y tubérculos con San Isidro de Coronado. La ocurrencia de deslizamientos y susceptibilidad se evaluó con el método Mora-Vahrson modificado y Probabilistic Infinite Slope Analysis (PISA), modelando diversos grados de saturación en los suelos volcánicos y diversos escenarios, entre ellos los de Patillos de 1952 y Cinchona en 2009. La zonificación geológica integrada en la cuenca sugiere conservar la cobertura forestal actual, controlar la erosión y respetar los retiros respecto a los cauces fluviales. Las áreas agropecuarias actuales son de uso conforme y las más estables en relación a su condición geomorfológica.
Cuantificación del carbono orgánico y materia orgánica en suelos no rizosféricos o cubiertos por Avicennia germinans (L.) y Conocarpus erectus (L.) emplazados en Boca de Uchire, laguna de Unare, Estado de Anzoátegui, Venezuela.
Authors: Núñez-Ravelo Franklin , Ugas-Pérez María , Calderón-Castellanos Rossany , Rivas-Meriño Ferney
Published: January 2021

El propósito fue evidenciar la diferencia significativa en el contenido de carbono orgánico (C) y materia orgánica (MO) en tres grupos de suelos: no rizosférico (nr), con presencia de Avicennia germinans (Ag) y Conocarpus erectus (Ce). Para este fin, se colectaron 54 muestras de suelo superficial (0-20 cm) en el sector Boca de Uchire, distribuidas en: 18 de nr, 18 de Ag y 18 de Ce. Se determinó el contenido de C a partir de la oxidación por dicromato de potasio, así como el % MO mediante el factor convencional de Bemmelen. Los datos obtenidos se trataron mediante análisis descriptivo, ANOVA y prueba de Tukey. Los resultados evidencian diferencias en los tres grupos de muestras para las variables en estudio, el C presentó valores promedios de nr =0,04%; Ag=0,08% y Ce =0,13%, mientras que la MO se estimó en promedios de nr =0,07%; Ag=0,15% y Ce =0,23%. Se reconoce que entre los grupos estudiados, el Ce presentan la mayor potencialidad forestal al aportar 2,73 Mg C ha-1 al suelo.
Depósitos eólicos del trópico húmedo: caso de la franja marino-costera del este de la Península de Azuero, Panamá.
Authors: Rivera-Solís Jaime Alberto
Published: January 2021

La pesquisa tuvo por objeto demostrar la incidencia del viento como agente morfogenético, a través de la correlación de los clastos de arenas que constituyen las geofacies marino costeras. Se seleccionó la teoría que discute los limites morfoclimáticos y se compilan los datos de temperatura, precipitación y vientos; en campo, se clasifican las geoformas de acumulación, erosión y se realiza el muestreo de arenas por geofacies. Las muestras de arena (453 g), son tamizadas para separar sus componentes y obtener el tamaño de los clastos, seguidamente, expuestas al estereomicroscopio para determinar redondez y esfericidad por comparación visual. Posteriormente, la muestra de la planicie costera (1 g), se trata 1N (K2Cr2O7) y (H2SO4), para la reducción de materia orgánica y determinar su génesis. Finalmente, utilizando las arenas del mesolitoral como variable independiente para evidenciar la correlación entre éstas y el origen de los depósitos eólicos por geofacie, se comprueba que, con las dunas litorales existe una correlación lineal positiva y coeficiente perfecto (ρ ± 0,98), con las dunas nebkha una correlación lineal positiva de coeficiente perfecto (ρ ± 0,98), y con respecto al manto de arenas una correlación lineal positiva de coeficiente perfecto (ρ ± 0,96).
Impactos ambientais no Parque Natural Municipal de Cabedelo – Estado do Paraíba (PB), Brasil.
Authors: Pereira de Lima Wendel , Pessoa-Gutierres Henrique Elias
Published: January 2021

Para a Geografia, o estudo das Unidades de Conservação é fundamental para se compreender as relações entre sociedade-natureza. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar as atividades humanas e os impactos ambientais identificados no interior e no entorno do Parque Natural Municipal de Cabedelo, que abriga um importante patrimônio natural de restinga, encravada na área urbana do município de Cabedelo, estado Paraíba, na região Nordeste do Brasil. Por meio do método geossistêmico, os procedimentos metodológicos adotados consistiram na análise bibliográfica, pesquisa documental em órgãos públicos, trabalhos de campo para a execução de registros fotográficos, observações in loco e a aplicação de questionários junto às moradoras. O local tem sido alvo de diversas ações impactantes provenientes das atividades antropogênicas e da falta de gestão por parte do poder público municipal, o que tem reforçado a percepção, por parte da população local, de que a situação do parque vem piorando.
La potencial contribución del Plan Regulador Territorial frente al desastre en la Ciudad de Upala, Provincia de Alajuela, Costa Rica, asociado al paso del Huracán Otto
Authors: Barrantes-Castillo Gustavo , Valverde-Calderón José Francisco , Sandoval-Murillo Luis , Romero-Romero Arvin , López-López Max , Vargas-Hernández Annie
Published: January 2021

Se ha especulado en los programas de opinión sobre los beneficios que pudo haber tenido el Plan Regulador del Cantón de Upala, elaborado por la Escuela de Ciencias Geográficas de la Universidad Nacional, de haber sido aprobado unos años antes del paso del huracán Otto. En el presente artículo se describen los alcances que dicho plan tenía en materia de restricción del uso de suelo en la zona consideradas inundables, no sin antes hacer un análisis histórico ambiental de la relación de la comunidad de Upala con el río Zapote. Adicionalmente, por medio del levantamiento de evidencias en campo y el uso de Sistemas
Sancho reacentuado y su teoría de la mente
Authors: Gyulamiryan Tatevik
Published: January 2021

Since the publication and translations of the greatest Cervantine novel, Don Quixote, various authors have written and rewritten, recreated and reaccentuated the images of knight and squire. In his play The Infinite Journey of Sancho Panza, Alfonso Sastre reaccentuates and redistributes the roles of Don Quijote and Sancho. This article presents an analysis of the cognition of reaccentuated Sancho and concludes that due to his theory of mind, preserved in Sastre’s work, the reader cannot differentiate between Sancho of Cervantes and Sancho of Sastre.
Polifonía de lo inhumano: Delirio, de Laura Restrepo
Authors: Barquero Matamoros Daniela , Valerio Arce José Pablo
Published: January 2021

The novel Delirium, by Laura Restrepo, displays a series of dehumanized characters. Thus, the construction of the actants in the novel is analyzed, by examining their representation through the rhetorical-stylistic resources of the social subjects. A description is provided of the interdiscourses that configure and define the sociocultural functions of the characters’ discourse. This is done from a socio-critical approach, with the support of critical discourse studies.
Mundos antagónicos en «Bananos y hombres», de Carmen Lyra
Authors: Rivera Cerdas Gineth Tatiana , Cordero Cordero José Enrique
Published: January 2021

This is a detailed study of the topics and political perspective evident in the set of short stories “Bananos y hombres,” by Carmen Lyra. Emphasis is given to the approach to the social and political problems of the period in which the stories were written, and to the critical perspective which is adopted from the voice of the narrator. Thus, light is shed on the political and social commitment which the author assumes as a writer and as an intellectual.
La estigmatización de los estudios de personalidad en el Sistema Penitenciario Mexicano
Authors: Mandujano Montoya Anayely
Published: January 2021

El artículo presenta los aportes de estudios de personalidad clínicos criminológicos como un instrumento valioso para la ciencia criminológica, lo cual permite determinar las causas y los factores de la conducta antisocial. La metodología utilizada es de análisis documental, con la finalidad de comprender y disipar el estigma negativo de estos estudios, pues su incomprensión ha generado reformas legislativas que impactan directamente en el objetivo del Sistema Penitenciario Mexicano: la reinserción social. Se estudia la evolución de ese método criminológico, a fin de vislumbrar la necesidad del análisis y comprensión del sujeto. Además, brindan herramientas para la reincorporación de las personas privadas de libertad a la vida social de forma positiva y productiva, sin atentar contra los derechos humanos; más bien, el sentido del sistema penitenciario versa en dignificar el trato de las personas privadas de la libertad, salvaguardar sus derechos humanos, pero sin perder de vista que el objetivo final es la reinserción. Se hace énfasis en la necesidad de estos estudios de personalidad, realizados a personas privadas de libertad, ya que gracias a ellos se puede brindar un apoyo individualizado en el proceso de reinserción social, con el fin de evitar una recaída en las mismas causas que generan una conducta antisocial.