bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inverse Kinematics of a 7R 6‐DOF Robot with Nonspherical Wrist Based on Transformation into the 6R Robot
Authors: Wang Xuhao , Zhang Dawei , Zhao Chen
Published: May 2017

The 7R 6‐DOF robots with hollow nonspherical wrist have been proven more suitable for spray painting applications. However, the inverse kinematics of this kind of robot is still imperfect due to the coupling between position and orientation of the end‐effector (EE). In this paper, a new and efficient algorithm for the inverse kinematics of a 7R 6‐DOF robot is proposed. The proposed inverse kinematics algorithm is a two‐step method. The geometry of the 7R 6‐DOF robot is analyzed. A comparison between the 7R 6‐DOF robot and the well‐known equivalent 6R robot is made. Based on this comparison, a rational transformation between these two kinds of robots is constructed. Then the general inverse kinematics algorithm of the equivalent 6R robot is applied to calculate the approximate solutions of the 7R 6‐DOF robot, in the first step. The Damped Least‐Squares (DLS) method is employed to derive the exact solutions, in the second step. The accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm are tested on a 7R 6‐DOF painting robot. The results show that the proposed algorithm is more advantageous in the case without an approximate solution, such as the initial point of a continuous trajectory.
Cysteinyl Leukotrienes as Potential Pharmacological Targets for Cerebral Diseases
Authors: Gelosa Paolo , Colazzo Francesca , Tremoli Elena , Sironi Luigi , Castiglioni Laura
Published: May 2017

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent lipid mediators widely known for their actions in asthma and in allergic rhinitis. Accumulating data highlights their involvement in a broader range of inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases. The reported elevated levels of CysLTs in acute and chronic brain lesions, the association between the genetic polymorphisms in the LTs biosynthesis pathways and the risk of cerebral pathological events, and the evidence from animal models link also CysLTs and brain diseases. This review will give an overview of how far research has gone into the evaluation of the role of CysLTs in the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders (ischemia, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, multiple sclerosis/experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and epilepsy) in order to understand the underlying mechanism by which they might be central in the disease progression.
A Combined Fault Diagnosis Method for Power Transformer in Big Data Environment
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Liguo
Published: May 2017

The fault diagnosis method based on dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is of great significance to detect the potential faults of the transformer and improve the security of the power system. The DGA data of transformer in smart grid have the characteristics of large quantity, multiple types, and low value density. In view of DGA big data’s characteristics, the paper first proposes a new combined fault diagnosis method for transformer, in which a variety of fault diagnosis models are used to make a preliminary diagnosis, and then the support vector machine is used to make the second diagnosis. The method adopts the intelligent complementary and blending thought, which overcomes the shortcomings of single diagnosis model in transformer fault diagnosis, and improves the diagnostic accuracy and the scope of application of the model. Then, the training and deployment strategy of the combined diagnosis model is designed based on Storm and Spark platform, which provides a solution for the transformer fault diagnosis in big data environment.
The Impact of the Demineralized Organic Matrix on the Effect of TiF4 Varnish on the Progression of Dentin Erosive Loss
Authors: Martines de Souza Beatriz , Vertuan Mariele , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Magalhães Ana Carolina
Published: May 2017

This in vitro study compared the effect of TiF4 varnish with that of NaF varnish, applied on pre-eroded bovine dentin samples, with respect to the progression of erosive loss, in the presence or absence of the demineralized organic matrix (DOM). One hundred and sixty bovine dentin samples were pre-eroded (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5, 30 min). Half of the samples were subjected to the DOM removal (collagenase solution, 5 days). Samples with and without the DOM were treated according to the groups (n = 20 with DOM and 20 without DOM/group): TiF4 varnish (2.45% F), NaF varnish (2.45% F), placebo varnish (without fluoride) and control (no treatment). Thereafter, the treated samples were submitted to erosive challenges 4 × 90 s/day (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5) during 7 days. Between the challenges, the samples were immersed in artificial saliva. The dentin erosive loss was measured using contact profilometry (µm, n = 15). Five dentin samples per group were prepared for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Data were compared using 2-way ANOVA/Bonferroni test (p < 0.05). Both fluoride varnishes were effective in reducing the erosive loss progression regardless of the dentin condition when compared to placebo varnish and control groups. Despite the fact that the TiF4 varnish was more effective than the NaF varnish for both dentin conditions (p < 0.001), its effect was significantly reduced in the absence of DOM (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the TiF4 varnish is the best treatment in reducing the progression of dentin erosive loss (100%) in vitro, but its protective effect is more pronounced in the presence of DOM.
Epigenomics, Pharmacoepigenomics, and Personalized Medicine in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Kabekkodu Shama Prasada , Chakrabarty Sanjiban , Ghosh Supriti , Brand Angela , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu
Published: May 2017

Epigenomics encompasses the study of genome-wide changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs leading to altered transcription, chromatin structure, and posttranscription RNA processing, respectively, resulting in an altered rate of gene expression. The role of epigenetic modifications facilitating human diseases is well established. Previous studies have identified histone and cytosine code during normal and pathological conditions with special emphasis on how these modifications regulate transcriptional events. Recent studies have also mapped these epigenetic modification and pathways leading to carcinogenesis. Discovery of drugs that target proteins/enzymes in the epigenetic pathways may provide better therapeutic opportunities, and identification of such modulators for DNA methylation, histone modifications, and expression of noncoding RNAs for several cancer types is underway. In this review, we provide a detailed description of recent developments in the field of epigenetics and its impact on personalized medicine to manage cervical cancer.
O paradoxo da política de segurança pública: estado, PCC e a gestão da violência na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Santos Denis Delgado , Jorge Domenico Rodrigues Simião Reis , Souza Eduardo Rumenig de
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo explora a contribuição do estado para a emergência e consolidação do PCC (Primeiro Comando da Capital), e de que forma essa facção criminosa atua na gestão da violência em São Paulo, influindo na queda da taxa de homicídios da capital paulista. Argumenta-se que a política de encarceramento em massa – em vigor no estado de São Paulo desde meados dos anos 1990 – constitui um paradoxo da política de segurança pública: se por um lado ela reduz o número de mortes violentas ao retirar de circulação um contingente expressivo de criminosos; por outro, acaba fortalecendo a criminalidade organizada ao recolher criminosos avulsos das ruas e os colocar em contato com facções dentro dos presídios, que se estabelecem como poder político-jurídico local.
Gênero e representação política: recrutamento para "postos críticos" em oito países latino-americanos
Authors: Oliveira Allysson Eduardo Botelho
Published: May 2017

O artigo tem como objetivo desenvolver análise exploratória para identificar os critérios de recrutamento “postos críticos”, cargos políticos capazes de influenciar o processo de tomada de decisão no Legislativo (Câmaras Baixas), em oito países latino-americanos: Argentina, Brasil, Bolívia, Costa Rica, Equador, México, Paraguai e Uruguai. A análise está organizada da seguinte forma: na primeira seção há a caracterização dos postos críticos, bem como a identificação das peculiaridades que tais postos podem assumir nos diversos legislativos analisados. Em seguida explicitamos as fontes e os métodos utilizados na pesquisa e, na última seção são apresentados e discutidos os resultados da pesquisa, que indicam que o percentual de mulheres na legislatura é uma variável relevante para se avaliar o recrutamento de mulheres para os postos críticos.
O Exclusivo metropolitano no Brasil e os tratados diplomáticos de Portugal com a Inglaterra (1642-1661)
Authors: Ricupero Rodrigo
Published: May 2017

Estabelecido durante a União Ibérica, o exclusivo metropolitano foi mantido após a Restauração da independência portuguesa em 1640. A nova dinastia não poupou esforços em sua defesa até a abertura dos portos em 1808, ainda que, nos primeiros anos após a Restauração, tenha feito concessões na matéria nos tratados celebrados com a Inglaterra e Holanda. O presente artigo procura rastrear as ideias que pautaram o debate sobre o tema durante as negociações diplomáticas, especialmente com a Inglaterra, analisar os termos destes tratados e ainda avaliar os seus resultados efetivos.
Mid-Nineteenth Century New England Women in Evangelical Foreign Missions: Seraphina Haynes Everett, A Missionary Wife in The Ottoman Mission Field
Authors: Tokay-Ünal Melike
Published: May 2017

This article illustrates American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions’ support of the “missionary matrimony”, mid-nineteenth-century New England women’s perceptions of the missionary career obtained through matrimony, and their impressions of the Oriental mission fields and non-Christian or non-Protestant women, who were depicted as victims to be saved. A brief introduction to New England women’s involvement in foreign missions will continue with the driving force that led these women to leave the United States for far mission fields in the second part of the paper. This context will be exemplified with the story of a New England missionary wife. The analysis consists of the journal entries and letters of Seraphina Haynes Everett of Ottoman mission field. The writings of this woman from New England give detailed information about the spiritual voyage she was taking in the mid-nineteenth century Ottoman lands. In her letters to the United States, Everett described two Ottoman cities, Izmir (Smyrna) and Istanbul (Constantinople), and wrote about her impressions of Islam and Christianity as practiced in the Ottoman empire. Everett’s opinions of the Ottoman empire, which encouraged more American women to devote themselves to the education and to the evangelization of Armenian women of the Ottoman empire in the middle of the nineteenth century, conclude the paper.
Land, Tax and Power in the Ottoman Provinces: The Malikane-Mukataa of Esma Sultan in Alasonya (c.1780–1825)
Authors: Öncel Fatma
Published: May 2017

This article focuses on Esma Sultan’s malikane-mukataa of Alasonya, which was among the estates of İstanbul Bahçekapusu Valide Sultan Vakfı, during c. 1780 to 1825. It aims to discuss the effects of the malikane system on the Ottoman provincial political-economy. It also highlights the institutional organization of a malikane in the province by focusing on actors and their relations in the case of controversies. It claims that vakıf-malikanes of absentee landlords, together with the estates of the local notables, played an important role in the process of çiftlik formation in the Balkans.
Responses of the Summertime Subtropical Anticyclones to Global Warming
Authors: He Chao , Wu Bo , Zou Liwei , Zhou Tianjun
Published: May 2017

Subtropical anticyclones dominate the subtropical ocean basins in summer. Using the multimodel output from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), the future changes of the subtropical anticyclones as a response to global warming are investigated, based on the changes in subsidence, low-level divergence, and rotational wind. The subtropical anticyclones over the North Pacific, South Atlantic, and south Indian Ocean are projected to become weaker, whereas the North Atlantic subtropical anticyclone (NASA) intensifies, and the South Pacific subtropical anticyclone (SPSA) shows uncertainty but is likely to intensify. Diagnostic analyses and idealized simulations suggest that the projected changes in the subtropical anticyclones are well explained by the combined effect of increased tropospheric static stability and changes in diabatic heating. Increased static stability acts to reduce the intensity of all the subtropical anticyclones, through the positive mean advection of stratification change (MASC) over the subsidence regions of the subtropical anticyclones. The pattern of change in diabatic heating is dominated by latent heating associated with changes in precipitation, which is enhanced over the western North Pacific under the “richest get richer” mechanism but is reduced over subtropical North Atlantic and South Pacific due to a local minimum of SST warming amplitude. The change in the diabatic heating pattern substantially enhances the subtropical anticyclones over the North Atlantic and South Pacific but weakens the North Pacific subtropical anticyclone.
Improving Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasts with PRIME
Authors: Bhatia Kieran T. , Nolan David S. , Schumacher Andrea B. , DeMaria Mark
Published: May 2017

The Prediction of Intensity Model Error (PRIME) forecasting scheme uses various large-scale meteorological parameters as well as proxies for initial condition uncertainty and atmospheric flow stability to provide operational forecasts of tropical cyclone intensity forecast error. PRIME forecasts of bias and absolute error are developed for the Logistic Growth Equation Model (LGEM), Decay Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (DSHP), Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Interpolated Model (HWFI), and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Interpolated Hurricane Model (GHMI). These forecasts are evaluated in the Atlantic and east Pacific basins for the 2011–15 hurricane seasons. PRIME is also trained with retrospective forecasts (R-PRIME) from the 2015 version of each model. PRIME error forecasts are significantly better than forecasts that use error climatology for a majority of forecast hours, which raises the question of whether PRIME could provide more than error guidance. PRIME bias forecasts for each model are used to modify intensity forecasts, and the corrected forecasts are compared with the original intensity forecasts. For almost all basins, forecast intervals, and versions of PRIME, the bias-corrected forecasts achieve significantly lower errors than the original intensity forecasts. PRIME absolute error and bias forecasts are also used to create unique ensembles of the four models. These PRIME-modified ensembles are found to frequently outperform the intensity consensus (ICON), the equally weighted ensemble of DSHP, LGEM, GHMI, and HWFI.
Assessment of levelized cost of electricity of offshore wind energy in Egypt
Authors: Abdelhady Suzan , Borello Domenico , Shaban Ahmed
Published: May 2017

Offshore wind turbines are being used to harness the high value of wind energy usually available on the sea sufficiently far from the shore (i.e. some kilometers). The present study provides an assessment of the potential of offshore wind energy along the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt. The techno-economic assessment was conducted considering a 7.0 MW offshore wind turbine at seven sites along the Mediterranean Sea. Fixed platforms were considered, assuming that the maximum sea depth will be 60 m, that is representative of the sea depth in the Mediterranean coast of Egypt at 5 km from the shore. The analysis reveals that a very large amount of energy can be harvested. The minimum energy production is obtained at Alexandria with a capacity factor of 55%, and the maximum energy production is obtained at El Dabaa station with a capacity factor of 63%. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is estimated as to be equal to about 0.075–0.079 US$/kWh which can be considered very competitive with other renewable energy systems in Egypt. The results prove the techno-economic feasibility of the offshore wind energy resource in Egypt, and it would motivate both the research community and the policy makers for more attention regarding this resource.
Prevalence and determinants of depression among patients under the care of traditional health practitioners in a Kenyan setting: Policy implications
Authors: Musyimi Christine W. , Mutiso Victoria N. , Musau Abednego M. , Matoke Lydia K. , Ndetei David M.
Published: May 2017

In Kenya, there is paucity of information on depression among traditional health practitioner (THP) patients, particularly in rural areas. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence and identify determinants of major depressive disorder (MDD) among patients of THP in rural Kenya using the World Health Organization (WHO) Mental Health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guideline (mhGAP-IG). All adult patients seeking care from trained THPs (either traditional healers such as diviners and herbalists or faith healers, who use treatments such as prayers, laying hands on patients, or providing holy water and ash to their patients) over a period of 3 months (September 2014 to November 2014) were screened for depression using mhGAP-IG and their sociodemographic characteristics recorded. Overall, the prevalence of depression among THP patients was 22.9%. Being older, female, single, divorced or separated, as well as unemployment and lack of education were found to be significant determinants of depression. Patients with MDD frequently presented with suicidal behavior (32.9%, OR = 5.94, p < .0001) compared to those that had at least one psychotic symptom (26.3%, OR = 3.65, p < .0001). A measure of the accuracy of THPs’ assessment of MDD showed 86% specificity and 46% sensitivity and the area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was 0.686. Our findings shed light on the prevalence of depression among THP patients and thus highlight the need for further research on diagnostic tools for use among THPs in order to avoid substandard care and promote reliance on more evidence-based methods of care.
Suitability of the simplified autoimmune hepatitis score for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis in a German cohort
Authors: Wobser Hella , Paur Tanja , Schnoy Elisabeth , Hartl Janine , Kirchner Gabriele I
Published: May 2017

Background

Several years ago the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group simplified the previous revised original scoring system for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) into a scoring system based on only four instead of 13 parameters.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the suitability of the simplified AIH score for diagnosis of AIH in a German cohort with chronic liver diseases.

Methods

In this retrospective single‐center study, we compared the accuracy of both AIH scores in 70 patients with AIH and 211 patients with chronic liver diseases (PBC (n  = 52), PSC (n  = 27), NASH (n  = 67), DILI (n  = 15), CHB/C (n  = 50)). Sensitivity, specificity and predictability of each scoring system were calculated.

Results

Using the simplified AIH score, the sensitivity and specificity of detecting a probable AIH (scores ≥ 6) were 96% and 97% with a positive and negative predictive value of 92% and 99%, respectively. For diagnosis of definite AIH (scores ≥ 7), the sensitivity and specificity were 43% and 100% with a positive and negative predictive value of 97% and 84%, respectively. The concordance with the revised original criteria was 63%. The specificity for excluding AIH was excellent in both scoring system.

Conclusion

The simplified diagnostic criteria allow a reliable diagnosis of AIH in a German cohort.
High-order finite-difference approximations to solve pseudoacoustic equations in 3D VTI media
Authors: Di Bartolo Leandro , Lopes Leandro , Rangel Lemos Luis Juracy
Published: May 2017

Pseudoacoustic algorithms are very fast in comparison with full elastic ones for vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) modeling, so they are suitable for many applications, especially reverse time migration. Finite differences using simple grids are commonly used to solve pseudoacoustic equations. We have developed and implemented general high-order 3D pseudoacoustic transversely isotropic formulations. The focus is the development of staggered-grid finite-difference algorithms, known for their superior numerical properties. The staggered-grid schemes based on first-order velocity-stress wave equations are developed in detail as well as schemes based on direct application to second-order stress equations. This last case uses the recently presented equivalent staggered-grid theory, resulting in a staggered-grid scheme that overcomes the problem of large memory requirement. Two examples are presented: a 3D simulation and a prestack reverse time migration application, and we perform a numerical analysis regarding computational cost and precision. The errors of the new schemes are smaller than the existing nonstaggered-grid schemes. In comparison with existing staggered-grid schemes, they require 25% less memory and only have slightly greater computational cost.
Putting the ‘natural’ back into play and provision
Authors: Buchan Niki
Published: May 2017

Many adults think back to their childhood with fond memories of being outdoors, of roaming all day long, playing with everything the natural environment offered. But do our children have the same opportunities?
We are the same, but still not equal
Authors: Fielden Deborah
Published: May 2017

We are still battling for official recognition that early years practitioners, with EYTS, have demonstrated the same level of professional knowledge, skills and expertise as their primary counterparts with QTS.
Security and resilience in words and illustrations
Authors: Leeper Marion
Published: May 2017

This series of articles explores modern picture books to see how they get children thinking and talking about text, and to see how they convey their ‘deep reading secrets’ to the reader – this month, strength.
Rules and responsibilities
Authors: Hammond Paula
Published: May 2017

We continue our new series focusing on Personal, social, and emotional development with activities designed to get children into the habit of self-analysis – this month, we look at rules and responsibilities.
Investigating the relationship between anxiety levels and learning approaches among pre-service teachers
Öğretmen adaylarının öğrenme yaklaşımları ile kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
Authors: Oğuz Aytunga , Karakuş Gülçin
Published: May 2017

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between pre-service teachers’ anxiety levels and their learning approaches and try to find out if there is a statistically meaningful relationship between their learning approaches and anxiety levels in terms of their gender, field, accommodation and grade levels. The data of study have been gathered through the administration of two scales; Learning Approach Scale adopted to Turkish by Yılmaz and Orhan (2011) and Trait-State Anxiety Inventory adopted to Turkish by Öner and Le Compte (1998). The sample of study consists of 309 pre-service teachers at Afyon Kocatepe University. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation were used. Findings of the study indicate that female pre-service teachers’ adopt surface learning approach, Science Education pre-service teachers adopt deep learning approach, pre-service teachers staying at dormitories and at home with a friend have higher trait anxiety levels than others, senior pre-service teachers’ trait anxiety levels are higher than freshman pre-service teachers’ trait levels and there is a significant positive correlation between learning approaches and anxiety levels of pre-service teachers.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetÇalışmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının öğrenme yaklaşımları ve kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi farklı değişkenler (cinsiyet, program, sınıf ve barındığı yer) açısından incelemektir. İlişkisel tarama modeli kullanılan çalışmada veriler iki ölçek aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Veriler Öner ve Le Compte (1998)tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri” ve Yılmaz ve Orhan (2011) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Ders Çalışma Yaklaşımları Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Çalışma 2015-2016 Eğitim Öğretim yılında Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinin 1. ve 4. sınıfında öğrenim gören toplam 309 öğretmen adayıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde, betimsel istatistikler, t testi, Anova ve Pearson korelasyon tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda kadın öğretmen adaylarının yüzeysel ders çalışma yaklaşımını benimsedikleri, Fen Bilgisi Öğretmenliği öğretmen adaylarının derin yaklaşımı benimsedikleri, devlet yurdunda kalan öğretmen adaylarının ve dördüncü sınıfta öğrenim gören öğretmen adaylarının sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının kaygı düzeyleri ile ders çalışma yaklaşımları arasında pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki vardır.
The Effectiveness of Housing Development at Semarang Periphery to Meet the Demand for Housing
Authors: Hapsari Intan - , Dewi Santy Paulla
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIncreasing demand for housing in Semarang city simultaneously rose housing developmentactivities. The imbalance between need and provision has caused housing backlog. Programs wereconducted enabling houses be built independently by people, by government supported throughnational housing and by private developers. While 24.279 people do not have their own home inSemarang (Kuswartojo, 2005), 24.980 houses in Semarang were being emptied by their owners(8,5% of the total units). This indicated target inaccuracies in home ownership programs goals.Therefore it is necessary to assess the effectiveness of housing development programs by clarifyingthe ability to fulfill the demand, and the impact through occupancy rates. The purpose of the studyis to analyze the effectiveness of housing development in Mijen district, the largest suburb regencyof the Semarang city ( 16,6% of the total area). In 2000 the government developed the area into thelargest housing allocation site following the downtown area. The study employed housing needsanalysis dan occupancy rate analysis, both using descriptive method is reinforced with primary andsecondary data.Keywords: effectiveness, housing demand, occupancy rate
The Quality of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Shelter Services of Mangkang-Penggaron Route in CBD Semarang
Authors: Mahardhini Putri - , Rahdriawan Mardwi -
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe Government of Semarang have sought to develop a mass transportation system using theconcept of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Mangkang‐Penggaron corridor. In order to effectivelyfacilitate the movement of city dwellers, the BRT system required the provision of functioningshelters along the corridor. There is a need to optimize the function of the shelters including theintegration to other modes of transportation and to the activities of the Central Business District(CBD), ensuring optimum performance of the whole BRT system. This study determined andevaluated the quality of BRT shelter services in Semarang based on user perception. The studyemployed analysis regarding the fulfillment of criteria for quality of services including waitingtime, convenience, service reliability, distance, and BRT shelter clerk services. The analysisprocesses concluded that the current BRT shelter services were in fact less than ideal. The studyfound lack of maintenance and the need for improvement of services at rush hour.Keywords: evaluation, quality of services, and bus shelter
The Suitability of Building Permit Proposal and Implementation in Kecamatan Makale Kabupaten Tana Toraja
Authors: Panggoa Risliana
Published: May 2017

The development of a city is always influenced by the activities of the community which requiredland for the activities to take place. Limited land availability demanded a sound control mechanismto ensure the sustainability of the economic growth. The general society has not yet fullyunderstood Building Permit (Izin Mendirikan Bangunan ‐ IMB) as the instrument of control ofspatial use, resulting in mismatches between the actual building and the one proposed in the IMB.This research aimed to find the factors driving the mismatches in the IMB implementation withinthe local Makale community’s understanding to concept of IMB. The study employed quantitativedescriptive methods using frequency distribution tables and factor analysis. Factor analysis showedhow lack of understanding and awareness in the concept of IMB, together with poor policy andexecution by the local government have prevented the fully implementation. Some of theviolations found included total building area, building function, Basic Structural Coefficient(Koefisien Dasar Bangunan ‐ KDB), Building Line (Garis Sempadan Bangunan ‐ GSB), and River Line(Garis Sempadan Sungai ‐ GSS). The study concluded the need for IMB awareness promotionthrough socialization along with the technical procedures, enhancement of IMB monitoring andevaluation processes, finalization of IMB as regional regulation, and enforcement.Keywords: city development, land use control, IMB, law enforcement
Choice Mode Study Between Motorcycle and "Microlet" Public Transportation as Tripwork
Authors: Azis Arief Akbar , Ratnasari Anita
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTSemarang adalah merupakan salah satu kota besar di Indonesia, sehingga mempunyai tuntutanyang besar terhadap kebutuhan pergerakan terutama pergerakan ke tempat kerja. Di satu sisi,pemenuhan perangkutan umum dirasa sangat kurang dilihat dari jumlah dan jangkauan pelayanan.Di sisi lain kebutuhan pergerakan tetap terus ada, sehingga masyarakat mencari kendaraanalternatif yang bisa menjawab kebutuhan masyarakat. Masyarakat mencari kendaraan yangmempunyai biaya yang terjangkau, pemakaiannya fleksibel dan mudah digunakakan. Kendaraantersebut adalah sepeda motor. Muncul pertanyaan studi seberapa Nilai Utilitas kendaraan sepedamotor terhadap angkutan umum, dengan biaya berapa orang kembali mau menggunakankendaraan umum.Keywords : nilai utility moda, sepeda motor, angkutan umum
Potensi dan Kendala Kebijakan Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Demak
Authors: Rokhmah Meirina
Published: May 2017

Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (PLP2B ‐ Sustainable Farm Land Protection) is agovernment policy aimed to prevent farm land conversion. It has been implemented among others inDemak Regency, which is one of the region’s main food source. The study identified the potential andchallenges of the implementation of the policy through the method of superimpose between the plannedmap and the actual land use conversion, supported by land conversion data from the Land Office andinterview with selected sources. The study showed that land conversion is still occurring and that thereare mismatches between the planned map and the actual condition. Interviews suggested that there stillvast measure of farm land available still for improvement into sustainable farm lands. Challenges emergefrom the high demand for housing areas, illegal land conversion and lack of policy socialization to thecommunity.Keywords: land conversion, planning map, factors affecting the implementation of policy
Analisis Peramalan Perubahan Pemanfaatan Lahan di Kota Nganjuk terkait Rencana Lokasi Interchange Jalan Tol Ngawi-Kertosono
Authors: Wahyudi Eko
Published: May 2017

The study examines the effects of the Ngawi‐Kertosono toll road interchange development planning toland use change in Nganjuk as an agricultural city using Delphi method through exploration of expertopinion. The study forecasted potential development such as housing‐residential, trade‐service andindustry‐warehousing as a result from the development plan. Analysis showed that the plan renderedtwo implications. On the one hand it provided an increase in accesibility south of the toll road makingdevelopment possible, on the other hand the north of the toll road might suffer development challengesdue to loss of accessibility because the interchange was to only accommodate traffic from the south.Because of this, experts think that the north part of the toll road will suffer stagnance. All thisdemonstrate contradictory influence of development planning in the development of a region.Keywords: forecasting, regional activity, land use, toll road interchange
Implikasi Keruangan Pemindahan Pelabuhan Jayapura ke Pelabuhan Depapre
Authors: Rayhatson Lukman Enrico , Ma’rif Samsul
Published: May 2017

Pelabuhan Jayapura saat ini berperan sebagai pelabuhan penumpang sekaligus barang bagi KotaJayapura dan hinterlandnya. Pergerakan kapal dan arus barang terus meningkat seiring pertumbuhanekonomi wilayah ini hingga muncul masalah kurangnya area penumpukan peti kemas. Hal ini menjadidasar Pemerintah Provinsi Papua memisahkan fungsi pelabuhan barang dari Jayapura ke Distrik DepapreKabupaten Jayapura. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implikasi keruangan pemindahan pelabuhanbarang dari Jayapura ke Depapre. Studi ini mengidentifikasi peran dan fungsi pelabuhan Jayapura danDepapre saat ini, beban dan manfaat pemindahan pelabuhan bagi Jayapura dan Depapre, serta implikasikeruangan pemindahan tersebut. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan alatbantu analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Analisis menunjukkan bahwa pelabuhan Jayapura berperanutama melayani kegiatan ekspor dan pasokan bahan pokok, sedangkan Depapre akan berfungsikomplementer pada tahap awal seiring tumbuhnya bangkitan kargo dari sentra produksi di sekitarnya.Beban yang dialami Jayapura adalah peningkatan biaya distribusi, disertai degradasi lingkungan yangdialami Depapre. Manfaat yang dialami Jayapura adalah efisiensi proses distribusi, ditambah gerakanekonomi yang dialami Depapre. Implikasi pemindahan pelabuhan tersebut adalah perubahan guna lahandi sekitar pelabuhan Depapre dan di sepanjang koridor Sentani-Depapre. Perubahan ini memerlukanlangkah-langkah pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang di wilayah Depapre dan koridor Sentani-Depapre.
Keberlanjutan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Pesisir Melalui Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Desa Kwala Lama Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai
Authors: Fitriansah Herry
Published: May 2017

Masyarakat nelayan di Desa Kwala Lama Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai Provinsi Sumatera Utaramelaksanakan program pengelolaan Lingkungan Berbasis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PLBPM) untukmembantu memperbaiki permasalahan kerusakan lingkungan pesisir di wilayah mereka. Studi inihendak mengetahui proses dan perubahan‐perubahan yang terjadi pada pengelolaan lingkunganberkelanjutan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat tersebut. Studi ini melaksanakan (1) analisis perubahankondisi lingkungan, social, dan ekonomi masyarakat, (2) analisis perubahan sikap dan perilakumasyarakat, dan (3) analisis proses pembentukan komunitas yang berkelanjutan. Studi inimenyimpulkan bahwa pendekatan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan lingkungan padaprogram PLBPM telah mendorong banyak perubahan pada penataan lingkungan yang berdampakpada perbaikan kondisi sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat. Studi ini mengindikasikan bahwa prosesseleksi terhadap kelompok fasilitator yang dilaksanakan pemerintah dalam tahap awal berhasildilakukan dengan baik karena kelompok tersebut mampu menjalankan program secara terbuka danadil, sehingga menumbuhkan kepercayaan masyarakat. Program tersebut juga berhasil membentuksolidaritas sehingga masyarakat siap untuk bertanggungjawab secara penuh dalam pengelolaanpembangunan komunitasnya dan untuk melanjutkan program tersebut.Kata kunci: pesisir, pengelolaan lingkungan, pemberdayaan masyarakat, pembangunan berkelanjutan
Karakteristik Aktivitas Pedagang Kaki Lima di Ruang Kota (Studi Kasus: Kawasan Pendidikan Tembalang, Kota Semarang)
Authors: Widjajanti Retno
Published: May 2017

Tulisan ini mengkaji karakteristik aktivitas pedagang kaki lima (PKL) di ruang kota dengan studikasus kawasan pendidikan Tembalang, Kota Semarang. Studi ini menggunakan metode kuantitatifdengan paradigma positivistik dalam penarikan kesimpulannya. Dewasa ini kegiatan di kota‐kota diIndonesia cenderung dualistik, yaitu formal dan informal; baik dari penampilan fisik maupun secarasosial‐ekonomi dan sosial‐budaya. Tembalang sebagai salah satu kawasan cepat berkembang di KotaSemarang akibat aktivitas pendidikan juga mengalami kecenderungan tersebut, ditandai denganmeningkatnya aktivitas perdagangan dan jasa sektor formal berupa pertokoan, bersamaan dengansektor informal berupa pedagang kaki lima (PKL). Di satu sisi perkembangan ini terjadi dengan pesatdi kawasan fungsional yang belum mengakomodasi kegiatan PKL dalam perencanaanya. Akibatnya,pertumbuhan yang cenderung spontan dan tidak terencana ini berpotensi menimbulkan berbagaipermasalahan di masa depan. Di sisi lain, keberadaan PKL dapat membantu masyarakat khususnyamahasiswa dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya karena keunggulan dalam hal lokasi yang lebih dekatdan harga yang lebih terjangkau, terutama ketika dibandingkan dengan barang dan jasa yangtersedia di sektor formal.Kata kunci: aktivitas, Pedagang Kaki Lima / PKL, ruang
Kajian Perkembangan dan Lokasi Minimarket di Kawasan Tembalang
Authors: Marina Syahira , Setyono Jawoto Sih
Published: May 2017

Tembalang area, located in the outskirt of Semarang city is experiencing the proliferation of modernconvenient shops (minimarkets) dominated be Indomaret and Alfamart shops. Since 2001, 13 (thirteen)minimarkets have been established along the Jalan Bulusan to Jalan Ngesrep Timur corridor with thehighest growth during the 2004‐2009 period. Most of the shops have been established by constructing onan empty land or residing a redesigned existing building. Consumer behavior analysis revealed that 39,9%consumer visits happens twice a week with 62,7% of them to buy daily consumer products. Proximity hasbeen identified as the highest motivation to shop in these minimarkets, followed by variability ofproducts. Locational analysis identified overlapping of service range of the minimarkets due to closeproximity between each other. The minimarkets located in the Jalan Ngesrep Timur – Jalan Prof. Sudartocorridor have the highest accessibility, while those located on Jalan Tirto Agung have the least. This studyfound oligopolistic competition among the two minimarkets.Keywords: minimarket development, cosumer behavior, minimarket location
Anti-Pluralismus im Mainstream: Antiziganismus und Homophobie in Postings in Online-Zeitungen
Authors: Olteanu Tina
Published: May 2017

Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, inwiefern antipluralistische Einstellungen in der Mitte der Gesellschaft – im Sinne eines dort stattfindenden Diskurses – verankert sind. Dazu werden Postings auf krone.at und derstandard.at untersucht, die sich mit Beiträgen zu Roma und Homosexuellen beschäftigen. Die dort geäußerten Vorstellungen zeigen, dass diesen marginalisierten Gruppen stereotype Verhaltensweisen zugeschrieben und sie als Bedrohung für die Mehrheitsgesellschaft stilisiert werden. In Bezug auf die Roma zeichnen sich eher einhellige ablehnende Äußerungen ab, die teilweise in menschenverachtenden Aussagen münden. Berichterstattungen über Homosexuelle führen zu einem stark polarisierenden Diskurs in den Postings, der neben Verachtung auch wachsende gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz zum Ausdruck bringt. Antipluralismus ist damit im Diskurs in Mehrheitsgesellschaft akzeptiert. Eine fiktive Bedrohung durch marginalisierte Gruppen wird dazu genutzt, gesellschaftlichen Pluralismus, der eine Grundlage moderner Demokratien darstellt, abzulehnen.
Schünemann (2014): Subversive Souveräne
Authors: Vospernik Stefan
Published: May 2017

Mit einer erschöpfenden diskursanalytischen Untersuchung der drei "gescheiterten" Referenden im EU-Verfassungsprozess (Frankreich, Niederlande und Irland) will Wolf J. Schünemann die Ursachen für das Auseinanderklaffen von (pro-europäischem) Elitenkonsens und (ablehnender) Haltung der Wähler ergründen. Dabei stellt er fest, dass die Diskurse national geprägt und äußerst unterschiedlich sind. Die Diskursgemeinschaften "redeten in zentralen Fragen geradezu aneinander vorbei". Der wesentliche Beitrag von Schünemanns Untersuchung besteht darin, die drei Referendumsdiskurse erschöpfend zu diskursanalytisch zu sezieren, wodurch bekannte Erkenntnisse untermauert und eine Fülle neue Einsichten gewonnen wird.
The rise of technocratic cabinets. What we know and what we should like to know
Authors: Brunclik Milos
Published: May 2017

Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema der so genannten technokratischen Regierungen (Beamtenregierungen), die derzeit allmählich zum Phänomen werden. Dies kann mit Fällen der neulich entstandenen technokratischen Regierungen in vielen europäischen Ländern belegt werden. Trotz häufigerer Verbreitung der Beamtenregierungen mangelt es an der Literatur zu diesem Thema. Wissenschaftler setzen sich mit den technokratischen Regierungen meistens durch die Einzelfallstudien auseinander; es fehlt jedoch an Vergleichsstudien. Diese Tatsache lässt eine Reihe von Fragen unbeantwortet. Damit öffnet sich ein breites Forschungsfeld. Dieser Artikel analysiert den aktuellen Forschungsstand zum Thema der Beamtenregierungen, verbessert einige der angewandten Konzepte und stellt Schlüsselfragen dar, die untersucht werden sollten.
Pluralismus und Antipluralismus
Authors: De Nève Dorothée
Published: May 2017

Das Paradox der aktuellen Forschung besteht darin, dass Pluralismus einerseits ein Kernbegriff der Politikwissenschaft als Demokratiewissenschaft darstellt, andererseits eine fundierte Auseinandersetzung damit in der aktuellen Forschung kaum stattfindet. Der nachfolgende Beitrag erläutert die relevanten Perspektiven der bisherigen Forschung in verdichteter Form und spricht sich angesichts des aktuellen Erkenntnisstandes dafür aus, die Bandbreite antipluralistischer Tendenzen nicht auf die Analyse des Extremismus zu begrenzen.
AMPKα1‐LDH pathway regulates muscle stem cell self‐renewal by controlling metabolic homeostasis
Authors: Theret Marine , Gsaier Linda , Schaffer Bethany , Juban Gaëtan , Ben Larbi Sabrina , Weiss‐Gayet Michèle , Bultot Laurent , Collodet Caterina , Foretz Marc , Desplanches Dominique , Sanz Pascual , Zang Zizhao , Yang Lin , Vial Guillaume , Viollet Benoit , Sakamoto Kei , Brunet Anne , Chazaud Bénédicte , Mounier Rémi
Published: May 2017

Control of stem cell fate to either enter terminal differentiation versus returning to quiescence (self‐renewal) is crucial for tissue repair. Here, we showed that AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), the master metabolic regulator of the cell, controls muscle stem cell (MuSC) self‐renewal. AMPKα1−/− MuSCs displayed a high self‐renewal rate, which impairs muscle regeneration. AMPKα1−/− MuSCs showed a Warburg‐like switch of their metabolism to higher glycolysis. We identified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a new functional target of AMPKα1. LDH, which is a non‐limiting enzyme of glycolysis in differentiated cells, was tightly regulated in stem cells. In functional experiments, LDH overexpression phenocopied AMPKα1−/− phenotype, that is shifted MuSC metabolism toward glycolysis triggering their return to quiescence, while inhibition of LDH activity rescued AMPKα1−/− MuSC self‐renewal. Finally, providing specific nutrients (galactose/glucose) to MuSCs directly controlled their fate through the AMPKα1/LDH pathway, emphasizing the importance of metabolism in stem cell fate.
Berberine reduced blood pressure and improved vasodilation in diabetic rats
Authors: Ma Yu-Guang , Liang Liang , Zhang Yin-Bin , Wang Bao-Feng , Bai Yun-Gang , Dai Zhi-Jun , Xie Man-Jiang , Wang Zhong-Wei
Published: May 2017

Hyperglycemia and hypertension are considered to be the two leading risk factors for vascular disease in diabetic patients. However, few pharmacologic agents could provide a combinational therapy for controlling hyperglycemia and hypertension at the same time in diabetes. The objectives of this study are to investigate whether berberine treatment could directly reduce blood pressure and identify the molecular mechanism underlying the vascular protection of berberine in diabetic rats. Berberine was intragastrically administered with different dosages of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day to diabetic rats for 8 weeks since the injection of streptozotocin. The endothelium-dependent/-independent relaxation in middle cerebral arteries was investigated. The activity of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (BKCa) was investigated by recording whole-cell currents, analyzing single-channel activities and assessing the expressions of α- and β1-subunit at protein or mRNA levels. Results of the study suggest that chronic administration of 100 mg/kg/day berberine not only lowered blood glucose but also reduced blood pressure and improved vasodilation in diabetic rats. Furthermore, berberine markedly increased the function and expression of BKCa β1-subunit in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from diabetic rats or when exposed to hyperglycemia condition. The present study provided initial evidences that berberine reduced blood pressure and improved vasodilation in diabetic rats by activation of BKCa channel in VSMCs, which suggested that berberine might provide a combinational therapy for controlling hyperglycemia and blood pressure in diabetes. Furthermore, our work indicated that activation of BKCa channel might be the underlying mechanism responsible for the vascular protection of berberine in diabetes.
The Great Divide: Public Perceptions of Shale Gas Extraction and Hydraulic Fracturing in Pennsylvania and New York
Authors: Lachapelle Erick
Published: May 2017

This study compares public perceptions of shale gas extraction and hydraulic fracturing in two of the most populous states with significant shale gas reserves but with vastly different approaches to developing this resource. Drawing on data from a comparative survey administered to two statewide samples in Pennsylvania (n = 411) and New York (n = 404), the study examines the correlates of support for hydraulic fracturing, as well as general levels of public awareness, and perceptions of effects of hydraulic fracturing within the Marcellus shale play. Though the level of awareness of the fracking issue among residents of Pennsylvania and New York is found to be similarly high, levels of support for fracking differ, mirroring distinctive policy approaches found in these neighboring states. The correlates of support for fracking include being Republican, having a conservative ideology, and being male. The study also finds that residents of New York are more aware of fracking policy and debate in Pennsylvania than vice versa, with many New York residents perceiving negative effects on their home state as a result of fracking in neighboring Pennsylvania. This asymmetric level of awareness and concern raises new questions on the role of cross-­border perceptions in shaping opinion toward hydraulic fracturing in adjacent states.