bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphene-assisted titanium dioxide Z-mechanism photoelectrode as enzymatic glucose biosensor
Authors: Li Fei , Zhang Bin , Yan Bingdong , Chen Qian , Wang Xiaohong , Zhang Kexi , Pei Hua , Wu Qiang , Chen Delun , Tu Jinchun
Published: June 2022

Highly exposed surfaces of anatase TiO2 crystals are of interest due to their excellent photogenerated electron–hole pair separation effect and high photocatalytic activity. In this work, a Z-mechanism biosensor with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and anatase TiO2 nanocrystals combined with PDA (TiO2/rGO/PDA) was successfully synthesized. rGO was combined with the co-exposed (001) and (101) facets of TiO2 nanocrystals to construct a Z-mechanism in which rGO acts as an electron transport medium and provides a channel for the transfer of electrons, resulting in TiO2 nanocrystals with high photoelectron–hole pair separation efficiency and strong redox ability. The coated PDA polymer not only could absorb visible light but also has good stability and biocompatibility, which helps to increase the adsorption of target enzyme molecules. The TiO2/rGO/PDA/GOx biosensor with the Z-mechanism displays the sensitivity of 13.82 μA mM−1 cm−2 in 0.1M PBS solution (pH = 7.4) with a linear range of 0–3 mM and the LOD of 0.034 µM. In general, the application of the Z-mechanism in biosensors would provide a new orientation for the design of biosensors.
Temporal evolution of failure avalanches of the fiber bundle model on complex networks
Authors: Batool Attia , Danku Zsuzsa , Pál Gergő , Kun Ferenc
Published: June 2022

We investigate how the interplay of the topology of the network of load transmitting connections and the amount of disorder of the strength of the connected elements determines the temporal evolution of failure cascades driven by the redistribution of load following local failure events. We use the fiber bundle model of materials’ breakdown assigning fibers to the sites of a square lattice, which is then randomly rewired using the Watts–Strogatz technique. Gradually increasing the rewiring probability, we demonstrate that the bundle undergoes a transition from the localized to the mean field universality class of breakdown phenomena. Computer simulations revealed that both the size and the duration of failure cascades are power law distributed on all network topologies with a crossover between two regimes of different exponents. The temporal evolution of cascades is described by a parabolic profile with a right handed asymmetry, which implies that cascades start slowly, then accelerate, and eventually stop suddenly. The degree of asymmetry proved to be characteristic of the network topology gradually decreasing with increasing rewiring probability. Reducing the variance of fibers’ strength, the exponents of the size and the duration distribution of cascades increase in the localized regime of the failure process, while the localized to mean field transition becomes more abrupt. The consistency of the results is supported by a scaling analysis relating the characteristic exponents of the statistics and dynamics of cascades.
Valley-dependent Klein tunneling and spin-valley filter in silicene with magnetic barrier
Authors: Chen Q. , Ji T. , Ren B. C. , Yuan R. Y.
Published: June 2022

We have theoretically studied spin- and valley-transport properties in a silicene quantum structure with a square magnetic barrier modulated by off-resonant circularly polarized light (OCPL). The result shows that in the magnetic quantum structure, valley and spin filtering can be realized simultaneously with appropriate OCPL at small incident angles. More interestingly, at normal incidence, Klein tunneling is observed in the K′ valley. Besides, it is also found that valley polarization can be inverted by reversing the sign of the staggered potential or the chirality of OCPL. Nevertheless, the direction of spin polarization can only be modulated by the chirality of OCPL. These findings provide the potential applications for constructing novel type of silicene devices.
A multi-autoencoder fusion network for fast image prediction of aircraft ice accretion
Authors: Yu Dinghao , Han Zhirong , Zhang Bin , Zhang Meihong , Liu Hong , Chen Yingchun
Published: June 2022

Icing scaling is of great importance for ice wind tunnel experiments and airworthiness certification. In this study, MAEFN (Multi-Autoencoder Fusion Network) method is developed to achieve fast icing image prediction. The novelty of MAEFN lies in its multi-module network structure, which enables the control of the training process. Such a structure can solve the problem that icing image generation networks are difficult to train directly and effectively adjust the accuracy of icing images. MAEFN is divided into four modules, i.e., feature extraction, mapping relationship construction, image generation, and image post-processing. Four neural networks are used to complete different steps, and all models are finally fused into the MAEFN model. MAEFN generates a 120 × 120 icing image through a seven-dimensional icing condition vector and achieves an average pixel accuracy of 98.85% on the supercritical wing. The standard deviation on the validation set is 0.0117, and the pixel accuracy of 680 out of 777 validation images exceeds 98%. It takes 2000 s to train 7000 icing images on V100 GPU. Furthermore, the efficiency of the fast icing algorithm is improved significantly by 25 000 times compared with the traditional icing algorithm, which only costs for a single case. Based on MAEFN, the exhaustive icing scaling method is realized, and similar icing results of four special ice shapes are found from 1 × 106 icing images in a few minutes. The proposed image generation method MAEFN can be further developed for highly complex icing images such as long-time icing results or other anti-icing tasks such as critical icing analysis.
Large eddy simulation and combined control of corner separation in a compressor cascade
Authors: Meng Tongtong , Li Xin , Zhou Ling , Zhu Huiling , Li Jiabin , Ji Lucheng
Published: June 2022

Due to the demand for higher aerodynamic performance of compressors, thoroughly investigating the high-loss flow in the corner region and effectively controlling it are important. In this paper, a novel parameterization method based on the extended free form deformation (EFFD) technique and the constraints for EFFD's control points is proposed. Then, considering the features of typical control techniques and the degrees of freedom of both the blade and hub geometries, the combined control approach is implemented in the corner region of a linear cascade. Furthermore, large eddy simulation is used to simulate the flow, verify the effects of the combined control approach, and explore the underlying physical mechanisms of corner separation. The numerical results show that the combined control can significantly decrease the mean total pressure loss. The loss reduction at the design point reaches 6.05%, while it decreases by almost 2.5% near the stall/blockage operating conditions. The combined control increases the radial pressure gradient at the rear of the blade by depressing the hub and stretching the suction surface. Consequently, although the radial flow slightly increases the mixing loss in the mainstream at large incidences, the accumulation of low-energy flow in the boundary layer and the corresponding development of the corner vortex are significantly restrained. Moreover, by redistributing the static pressure on the hub, the combined control weakens the migration of crossing flow and obstructs the low-velocity flow from the pressure side involved in the separation. Overall, the combined control contributes to reducing the corner separation and improving the aerodynamic performance.
Particle image velocimetry measurements of turbulent flows in rotating square ribbed ducts
Authors: Li Haiwang , Shi Jincheng , You Ruquan , Tao Zhi
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the flow characteristics along a ribbed square duct using time-resolved particle image velocimetry. The Reynolds number, defined by the main flow velocity (1.82 m/s) and the hydraulic diameter (80 mm), is 10 000. The rotation numbers are 0, 0.13, 0.26, 0.39, and 0.52. The blockage and aspect ratios of the ribbed square duct are 0.1 and 1, respectively. As the rotation number increases, the recirculation zone on the suction side becomes larger, and the reattachment point moves downstream. The opposite behavior is observed on the pressure side, and this trend develops along the duct. Furthermore, the flow characteristics between different pairs of ribs along the duct vary greatly at the same rotation number. For the downstream ribs, the main stream velocity pattern is deflected more to the pressure side, where both the recirculation zone and the extreme region of Reynolds shear stress are larger than on the suction side.
Interaction of blackbody radiation with rubidium and caesium atoms in small-angular-momentum Rydberg states
Authors: Glukhov I.L. , Kamenski A.A. , Ovsiannikov V.D.
Published: June 2022

We examine the possibilities of refining an asymptotic description and quantitative calculations of the effects induced by thermal blackbody radiation (BBR) of the environment on the Rydberg states of atoms. Numerical values are calculated and asymptotic expressions are proposed for simplified estimates of natural lifetimes and threshold photoionisation cross sections for Rydberg states of rubidium and caesium atoms with large values of the principal quantum number, n ⩾ 20, and small orbital momenta, l = 0, 1, 2, 3. Based on analytical expressions, we present numerical estimates for the contributions of photoionisation probabilities to the BBR-induced broadening of the Rydberg energy level, as well as the contributions of continuum integrals to thermally induced shifts in the Rydberg-state energy levels.
Dynamics of three-photon laser excitation of mesoscopic ensembles of cold rubidium atoms to Rydberg states
Authors: Tretyakov D.B. , Entin V.M. , Yakshina E.A. , Beterov I.I. , Ryabtsev I.I.
Published: June 2022

The temporal dynamics of three-photon 5S1/2 → 5P3/2 → 6S1/2 → 39P3/2 laser excitation of mesoscopic ensembles of cold Rb atoms to Rydberg states in a magneto-optical trap is studied using cw single-frequency lasers at each stage. The ensembles comprise N = 1 – 5 atoms and are detected by the method of selective field ionisation with postselection with respect to the number of atoms. The dependence of the excitation probability on the duration of the exciting laser pulses and the number of detected Rydberg atoms is investigated. At short interaction times, a linear increase in probabilities is observed, and at large times, the probabilities reach saturation, while each number of atoms has its own characteristic features. The experimental dependences are compared with the results of numerical calculations in the framework of a four-level model, and their good agreement is obtained. The conditions necessary for observing Rabi population oscillations are determined. The obtained results are important for the application of Rydberg atoms in quantum information.
CW optical parametric oscillator for the mid-IR range
Authors: Yakovin M.D. , Chapovsky P.L.
Published: June 2022

We report the development of a cw optical parametric oscillator (OPO) for the mid-IR range. The oscillator uses a 50-mm long periodically poled lithium niobate crystal in a ring resonator. The OPO is pumped by an ytterbium fibre laser with a wavelength of 1.064 μm. At a pump power of 10 W, the OPO generates continuous radiation with a wavelength of 3.6 μm and a power of 2.8 W. The pump power depletion in the OPO is 94 %. The idler wave frequency of the OPO is stabilised using a precision laser wavelength meter. The rms error of the idler wave frequency in the stabilisation regime is 3 MHz. A simple theoretical model for the operation of a cw OPO is proposed, based on an empirical characteristic of the OPO, i.e., the pump depletion, and on a quantum description of three interacting light waves. The power characteristics of the operating OPO are in good agreement with those predicted by the theoretical model.
Application of all-optical magnetometry for detection of weak magnetic fields generated by a current-carrying metallised track
Authors: Taskova E. , Alipieva E. , Stankova N. , Ranev V. , Andreeva C. , Brazhnikov D.V.
Published: June 2022

A pump – probe configuration is used to register zero-field level-crossing resonances in Rb vapour contained in a cell with antirelaxation coated walls. The scheme is applied to detect the weak magnetic field generated by a current-carrying micro-wire (metallised track). Such micro-wires can be employed in neural prostheses and hybrid bionic systems as micro-electrode arrays. More specifically, the operation of such live micro-wire belonging to a neuronal – electrode interface is demonstrated, which indicates the possibility of remote testing of the operation (conducting/nonconducting) of micro-wires for in neural implants.
Integration in TWBE
Authors: de Jong Ester J. , Barko Alva Katherine , Yilmaz Tuba
Published: June 2022

Integration is a defining feature of two-way bilingual education (TWBE), yet the integrative dimension of TWBE has
received relatively little attention. Over time, scholars have raised concerns that the integration of English speakers and
speakers of other languages may not effectively support minority students in the program and in fact, reinforce the inequalities
that exist outside of the program or school. This paper discusses the rationale for integration and critical issues of integration
and equity as they have emerged at the classroom and program level. The authors provide a conclusion proposing ways forward and
what is needed to realize the potential of integration as a transformative third space within TWBE.
Regional ecosystem health assessment using the GA-BPANN model: a case study of Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Li Yuze , Wu Yuanxiang , Liu Xiaoguang
Published: June 2022

Background: Regional ecosystem health assessments are the basis for the sustainable development of society. However, an ecosystem is a complex integration of ecosystem mosaics and subsystems that influence each other, making it difficult to evaluate them using traditional assessment methods of linear and explicit functions. We introduce a back-propagation neural network model optimized by a genetic algorithm to evaluate ecosystem health in 16 districts in Yunnan Province. Result: (1) The model required fewer inputs to evaluate complex and nonlinear systems, avoided the need for subjective weights, and performed well in this practical application to regional ecosystem health assessment. (2) The ecosystem health in Yunnan Province was increasing, and there was a significant positive spatial autocorrelation during 2000–2020, showing that districts with high Ecosystem Health cluster together and the ecological protection policy of the region has produced a diffusion effect, leading to continuous improvement of the ecological health of the surrounding areas. High-low outlier areas of ecosystem health should be paid more attention, because of the increasing instability of local health levels. Conclusion: This study provides a methodological exploration for assessing spatial mosaics of different ecosystems at a regional scale.
Association between early stage N2 sleep spindle burst characteristics and vigilance groups: an observational study on patients from a tertiary sleep centre
Authors: McCloy Karen , Duce Brett , Hukins Craig , Abeyratne Udantha
Published: June 2022

Objective. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with impaired vigilance. This paper examines the hypothesis that sleep spindle (Sp) characteristics during nocturnal sleep can be mapped to vigilance deficits measured by the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) in patients with OSA. Approach. The PVT was performed prior to In-laboratory Polysomnography for 250 patients. PVT outcomes were clustered into three vigilance groups (VGs). Spindles were scored manually for a Training Cohort of 55 patients, (9491 Sps) across different blocks of NREM sleep (SBs) and validated in a Test Cohort (25 patients, 4867 Sps). We proposed a novel set of Sp features including a spindle burst index (SBI), which quantifies the burst characteristics of spindles and constructed models mapping them to VGs. We also explored the performance of conventional Sp features (such as Sp number and density) in our modelling approach. Main results. In the Training Cohort, we observed statistically significant differences in the SBI across VGs and SBs independent of OSA severity (1st stage N2 SBI; p = <0.001 across VGs). In the Test Cohort, a Model based on the proposed SBI predicted VG membership with 88% accuracy. A model based on conventional Sp features mapped to VGs with 80% accuracy, and a model using mixed burst and conventional features reached an accuracy of 88%. Significance. Spindle features measured during diagnostic In-laboratory polysomnography measurements can be mapped to PVT outcomes. The novel SBI proved useful for exploring the relationship between PVT outcomes and sleep. Further studies in larger populations are needed to verify these conclusions.
Towards single-charge heavy ion beams driven by an ultra-intense laser
Authors: Domański Jarosław , Badziak Jan
Published: June 2022

The acceleration of super-heavy ions from an ultra-thin lead target irradiated by a femtosecond laser pulse with an intensity in the range of ∼1022–1023 W cm−2 was investigated using an advanced 2D3V particle-in-cell code. It is shown that by properly selecting the laser pulse parameters, it is possible to produce a practically single-charge Pb ion beam with multi-GeV ion energies and the laser-to-ions energy conversion efficiency approaching 30%. At the laser intensity of 1023 W cm−2, Pb ions with the charge state Z = 72 carry over 90% of the total energy of all ions, while the peak intensity and peak fluence of the Pb+72 ion beam are at least two orders of magnitude higher than for other types of ions. In addition, the Pb+72 ion beam is more compact and has a smaller angular divergence than those for other types of ions. The above properties of the Pb+72 ion beam mean that further energy-efficient purification of the beam from other types of ions is possible, even in simple ion transport and selection systems.
Characterization of beam ion loss in high poloidal beta regime on EAST
Authors: Fu J , Huang J , Wang J F , Yu L M , Van Zeeland M A , Chang J F , Hao B L , Chen J L , Wu M Q , Hu W H , Xu Z , Gao W , Gao W , Su J X , Sun Y X , Liang R R , Zang Q , Liu H Q , Lyu B , Zhong G Q , Zhang B , Gong X Z
Published: June 2022

A critical issue for achieving the integrated operation of steady-state long-pulse high-confinement (H-mode) plasmas on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) is to improve beam ion population confinement during neutral beam injection (NBI). To study the characterization of beam ion loss and improve beam ion confinement, the steady-state long pulse scenario discharges were conducted on EAST (β
p ⩾ 2.0, β
N ⩾ 1.7, q
95 ⩾ 6.7 and H
98y2 ⩾ 1.1) with NBI heating. Based on neutron yield, the beam voltage and line-averaged electron density were adjusted from 50 kV to 60 kV and 4.4 × 1019 m−3 to 5.0 × 1019 m−3, respectively. The results show that the dominant mechanisms of beam ion loss are shine-through loss, prompt loss, and stochastic ripple loss. The shine-through loss fraction is determined by initial velocity, flight time and entire beam path. The change in prompt loss fraction is caused by the change in the deposition of beam ions. The change in stochastic ripple loss fraction is caused by the change in the initial fraction of trapped-confined ions. Detailed physics shows that the prompt loss fraction during counter-Ip injections (∼45%) is far larger than during co-Ip injections (∼5%) due to the finite orbit width. The lost ions are mainly deposited on the lower divertor or below the midplane since the direction of magnetic drift is vertical down. The orbit types of prompt loss during counter-Ip injections are mainly trapped-lost and ctr-passing lost. To minimize the prompt loss fraction during counter-Ip injections, a reversed Ip configuration (rev-Ip) discharge #94758 was conducted. The result suggests that the beam ion wall load fraction during counter-Ip tangential injection (∼3%) is far lower than that in normal Ip configuration (nor-Ip) discharge #94820. It is also found that the confinement of beam ion population in the counter-Ip injection #94758 was greatly improved when compared to #94820. This study can provide unique support for the improvement of beam ion population confinement and for the performance evaluation of the NBI system on EAST and future tokamaks.
Prediction of temperature profiles in helical plasmas by integrated code coupled with gyrokinetic transport models
Authors: Toda S , Nunami M , Sugama H
Published: June 2022

Transport simulation is performed by integrated code using reduced transport models (Toda S et al 2019 Phys. Plasmas
26 012510) in a kinetic electron condition for turbulent heat transport including the effect of zonal flows in helical plasmas. A reduced model can be formulated for the heat diffusivity using only the linear properties, or can be constructed by considering the expression of the quasilinear flux. These reduced models reproduce nonlinear gyrokinetic simulation results for ion temperature gradient mode turbulence by a linear growth rate and zonal flow decay time. Temperature profiles can be obtained when the turbulent heat transport is evaluated by reduced models at each time step in the evolution of integrated simulation. Computational cost using the reduced models where linear gyrokinetic simulation is performed at each time step in the integrated simulation is about two orders of magnitude lower than that using nonlinear gyrokinetic simulation. Stationary temperature profiles are predicted by simulation, in which, the linear simulation is performed at each time step in the integrated simulation for steady heating power. The density profile and the edge temperature are needed in this simulation.
Tuning the optical and magnetic properties of ZnO by Fe3O4
Authors: Solyman S , Ahmed Emad M , Azab A A
Published: June 2022

In this work, nanocomposites were prepared with different weight ratios based on the formula1−xZnO+xFe3O4,where x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09. The structure, morphology, optical, and magnetic properties were examined by x-ray diffraction, UV–vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm the phase purity formation ofFe3O4−ZnOnanocomposites. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) exhibited the prepared powders are nanoparticles with the spherical shapes ofFe3O4and nanorod for ZnO. UV–vis-NIR diffuse reflectance measurements showed that theFe3O4modified the optical properties of ZnO. Results of the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) display a superparamagnetic characteristic ofFe3O4and ferromagnetic behavior for nanocomposites. The magnetization and remanence magnetization of nanocomposites increases withFe3O4content.
The structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of MnCrNiGeSi high-entropy alloy
Authors: Tekgül Atakan , Sarlar Kagan , Küçük Nil , Etemoğlu Akın B
Published: June 2022

The structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Mn20Cr14Ni33Ge25Si8 and Mn24Cr10Ni33Ge25Si8 high entropy alloys (HEAs) were investigated. The HEAs were prepared by arc melting method. The structural analysis indicates that the structure of HEAs is orthorhombic with Pnma space group. In magnetic measurements, the maximum saturation magnetization was found to be 56.7 A m2kg−1. The Curie temperature of HEAs is 361 and 387 K, respectively. The Curie temperature shifts to the high temperature, when 4% Mn is added, resulting the long-range orientation of the magnetic moments. The magnetic entropy change of Mn24Cr10Ni33Ge25Si8 is 3.6 Jkg−1K−1 at around 387 K. Consequently, Large magnetic entropy change is achieved with low hysteresis and soft magnetic property at high temperature.
Pseudoscalar sterile neutrino self-interactions in light of Planck, SPT and ACT data
Authors: Atzori Corona Mattia , Murgia Riccardo , Cadeddu Matteo , Archidiacono Maria , Gariazzo Stefano , Giunti Carlo , Hannestad Steen
Published: June 2022

We reassess the viability of a cosmological model including a fourth additional sterile neutrino species that self-interacts through a new pseudoscalar degree of freedom. We perform a series of extensive analyses fitting various combinations of cosmic microwave background (CMB) data fromPlanck, the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and the South Pole Telescope (SPT), both alone and in combination with Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) and Supernova Ia (SnIa) observations. We show that the scenario under study, although capable to resolve the Hubble tension without worsening the so-called S_8 tension about the growth of cosmic structures, is severely constrained by high-multipole polarization data from bothPlanckand SPT. Intriguingly, when tradingPlanckTE-EE data for those from ACT, we find a ≳ 3σpreference for a non-zero sterile neutrino mass, ms= 3.6+1.10.6eV (68% C.L.), compatible with the range suggested by longstanding short-baseline (SBL) anomalies in neutrino oscillation experiments. The pseudoscalar model provides indeed a better fit to ACT data compared to ΛCDM (Δχ2≃ -5, ΔAIC = -1.3), although in a combined analysis withPlanckthe ΛCDM model is still favoured, as the preference for a non-zero sterile neutrino mass is mostly driven by ACT favouring a higher value for the primordial spectral indexnswith respect toPlanck. We show that the mild tension betweenPlanckand ACT is due to the different pattern in the TE and EE power spectra on multipoles between 350 ≲ ℓ ≲ 1000. We also check the impact of marginalizing over the gravitational lensing information inPlanckdata, showing that the model does not solve the CMB lensing anomaly. Future work including higher precision data from current and upcoming CMB ground-based experiments will be crucial to test these results.
Spectral behavior and Flaring Activity of II Peg in the Ultraviolet
Authors: Sanad M. R.
Published: June 2022

We have investigated the spectral behavior of II Peg binary system in the ultraviolet band by using International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) observations over the period (1979 – 1993). The ultraviolet observations show indication of flare activity in the chromosphere and transition region with their enhanced spectral lines. Before and after the flare activity the ultraviolet spectral lines show low, intermediate and high flux. The spectral behavior is compared with previous studies. We detect prominent flare activity in (1989, 1990, 1992). Before and after this period there is a gradual clear decrease in the level of activity. The reddening of II Peg was estimated from 2200 Å absorption feature to be E (B-V) = 0.10 ± 0.02. We determined the mean rate of mass loss to be ~ 1 × 10-8 M yr-1, the mean temperature of the emitting source to be ~ 1.1 × 104 K, and the ultraviolet luminosity to be ~ 7 × 1027 erg s-1. We attributed the spectral variations to a cyclic behavior of the underlying magnetic dynamo and the prominent activity can be interpreted by the model of two – ribbon flare.
CHES: A Space-borne Astrometric Mission for the Detection of Habitable Planets of the Nearby Solar-type Stars
Authors: Ji Jiang-Hui , Li Hai-Tao , Zhang Jun-Bo , Fang Liang , Li Dong , Wang Su , Cao Yang , Deng Lei , Li Bao-Quan , Xian Hao , Gao Xiao-Dong , Zhang Ang , Li Fei , Liu Jia-Cheng , Qi Zhao-Xiang , Jin Sheng , Liu Ya-Ning , Chen Guo , Li Ming-Tao , Dong Yao , Zhu Zi
Published: June 2022

The Closeby Habitable Exoplanet Survey (CHES) mission is proposed to discover habitable-zone Earth-like planets of nearby solar-type stars (∼10 pc away from our solar system) via microarcsecond relative astrometry. The major scientific objectives of CHES are: to search for Earth Twins or terrestrial planets in habitable zones orbiting 100 FGK nearby stars; further to conduct a comprehensive survey and extensively characterize nearby planetary systems. The primary payload is a high-quality, low-distortion, high-stability telescope. The optical subsystem is a coaxial three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) with a 1.2 m-aperture, 0.°44 × 0.°44 field of view and 500 nm−900 nm working wave band. The camera focal plane is composed of a mosaic of 81 scientific CMOS detectors each with 4 k × 4 k pixels. The heterodyne laser interferometric calibration technology is employed to ensure microarcsecond level (1 μas) relative astrometry precision to meet the requirements for detection of Earth-like planets. The CHES satellite operates at the Sun–Earth L2 point and observes all the target stars for 5 yr. CHES will offer the first direct measurements of true masses and inclinations of Earth Twins and super-Earths orbiting our neighbor stars based on microarcsecond astrometry from space. This will definitely enhance our understanding of the formation of diverse nearby planetary systems and the emergence of other worlds for solar-type stars, and finally provide insights to the evolution of our own solar system.
Direct writing-in and visualizing reading-out data storage with high capacity in low-cost plastics
Authors: Wei Xin , Zhao Weiwei , Yang Jintao , Zhang Yong , Song Junming , Ni Zhenhua , Lu Junpeng , Liu Hongwei
Published: June 2022

The explosive growth of the global data volume demands new and advanced data storage methods. Here, we report that data storage with ultrahigh capacity (~1 TB per disc) can be realized in low-cost plastics, including polycarbonate (PC), precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), polystyrene (PS), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), via direct fs laser writing. The focused fs laser can modify the fluorescence of written regions on the surface and in the interior of PMMA, enabling three-dimensional (3D) information storage. Through the 3D laser processing platform, a 50-layer data record with low bit error (0.96%) is archived. Visual reading of data is empowered by the fluorescence contrast. The broad variation of fluorescence intensity assigns 8 gray levels, corresponding to 3 bits on each spot. The gray levels of each layer present high stability after long-term aging cycles, confirming the robustness of data storage. Upon single pulse control via a high-frequency electro-optic modulator (EOM), a fast writing speed (~1 kB/s) is achieved, which is limited by the repetition frequency of the fs laser.
Sub-bandgap refractive indexes and optical properties of Si-doped β-Ga2O3 semiconductor thin films
Authors: Bao Yitian , Wang Xiaorui , Xu Shijie
Published: June 2022

In this article, we present a theoretical study on the sub-bandgap refractive indexes and optical properties of Si-doped β-Ga2O3 thin films based on newly developed models. The measured sub-bandgap refractive indexes of β-Ga2O3 thin film are explained well with the new model, leading to the determination of an explicit analytical dispersion of refractive indexes for photon energy below an effective optical bandgap energy of 4.952 eV for the β-Ga2O3 thin film. Then, the oscillatory structures in long wavelength regions in experimental transmission spectra of Si-doped β-Ga2O3 thin films with different Si doping concentrations are quantitively interpreted utilizing the determined sub-bandgap refractive index dispersion. Meanwhile, effective optical bandgap values of Si-doped β-Ga2O3 thin films are further determined and are found to decrease with increasing the Si doping concentration as expectedly. In addition, the sub-bandgap absorption coefficients of Si-doped β-Ga2O3 thin film are calculated under the frame of the Franz–Keldysh mechanism due to the electric field effect of ionized Si impurities. The theoretical absorption coefficients agree with the available experimental data. These key parameters obtained in the present study may enrich the present understanding of the sub-bandgap refractive indexes and optical properties of impurity-doped β-Ga2O3 thin films.
Weather Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Network for Rice Farming in Delanggu Village
Authors: Najib F , Mustika I W
Published: June 2022

Extreme climate change results in unpredictable weather patterns. This problem brings an impact particularly for rice farmers. Weather prediction system can help farmers to make the right decisions before weather changes occur. However, the coverage of the current weather station system is too wide, resulting in low accuracy and effectiveness of weather forecasts. Therefore, a local weather prediction system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) has been developed. With the help of machine learning (Artificial Neural Network algorithm), this system can predict the weather in the next three days. This will help farmers in making the right decisions in dealing with their rice field problems. The ANN model with 40 training cycles and 7 hidden layers is the best combination in producing accurate weather predictions.
Real-Time Implementation of Wastewater Monitoring System on the Communal Wastewater Treatment Plant using the IoT Technology
Authors: Soetedjo A , Hendriarianti E , Wibowo S A , Novrian J , Nugroho A B , Roby M F , Dewi O V , Apriliansyah R S , Mustofa A , Sari R I , Wijayanto F Y
Published: June 2022

A Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is a plant used to reduce the pollutants contained in the wastewater. The optimal operation of the WWTP can be achieved when the performance of WWTP is monitored regularly. This paper presents an actual implementation of the wastewater monitoring system on the communal WWTP using the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The proposed method employs the sensors and electronic modules available in the market and the popular ThingSpeak IoT platform. Four sensors, namely pH, temperature, turbidity, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO), monitor the wastewater’s parameters. The IoT hardware on the field communicates with the ThingSpeak cloud server using a GSM modem. The proposed monitoring system has been implemented on the Tirtarona WWTP, a communal WWTP located in Malang, Indonesia. The preliminary evaluation results show that the proposed method works properly and achieves the goal of the real-time wastewater monitoring system. Further, the solar panel is installed at the top of the sensor module for providing a self-powered and green energy monitoring system.
Effect of Lens Aperture for Analysis of Bubble Image Size Microbubble Generator Aeration System
Authors: Taukhid I , Trijuno D D , Karim M Y , Syah R , Makmur
Published: June 2022

Investigates Microbubble characterization is an essential component of any experimental investigation of new microbubble generator design. The use of microbubble generators as aeration systems often experiences blockages. That is caused by the broad cross-section of nozzles and air holes with small diameters. The microbubble generator was redesigned by increasing the cross-sectional area and diameter of the air hole. The method of investigating the bubble process uses image capture with three aperture speeds of the lens of 1/125f, 1/160f, and 1/200f with a combined airflow rate of 0.5 Lpm, 1.5 Lpm, and 2.5 Lpm. The result was characterized with multiple lens apertures with 1/160f bubble results ranging from 5.4 - 94.3 μm at all airflow rates.
Community Participation In Improving Environmental Protection and Effort Management
Authors: Sulistyaningsih E
Published: June 2022

The aims of this study to examine and elaborate community participation in anticipating and tackling pollution and environmental damage, thereby creating a healthy and sustainable life. Environmental issues are essential to ensure and make the earth and the natural surroundings a livable space for a peaceful and prosperous life. The actions that pollute the environment are tantamount to killing life. Environmental mismanagement can at least be caused by various factors such as education level, economic problems, lifestyle, weakness of the legislative system, and weak supervision of environmental management, causing pollution and damage to the environment. A normative legal method was used to conduct qualitative research. Data were gathered from various sources, including literature, books, laws and regulations, legal theory, and legal expert opinions, with a focus on environmental management and preservation in Indonesia. The results show, the public’s awareness of the environment is limited due to the general public’s ignorance of environmental aspects and not knowing the consequences of polluting and destroying the environment. For this reason, efforts are needed, such as counseling, guidance, role models, and community involvement in tackling environmental problems. Increasing law enforcement activities with an educative-persuasive and preventive dimension needs to be improved and encouraged again. Government performance is also essential to create public participation or awareness of the importance of their environmental functions by working together to clean and maintain.
Public Participation in Environmental Protection: Citizen Law Suits in the Indonesian Civil Justice System
Authors: Purwendah E K , Rusito  , Awaludin A , Triana I D S
Published: June 2022

This article discusses public participation in the Indonesian civil justice system which aims to protect the interests of the environment. Citizen Law Suit (CLS) as the right to a good and healthy environment as a constitutional right guaranteed by the state. As a right of lawsuit, CLS is filed in a civil court which has the principle of legitimacy standi in yudisio (everyone can be a legitimate party in the trial), as long as they have sufficient legal interest (point d’interet, point d’action (have sufficient legal interest) to file a claim) by proving the argument or posita with evidence. This is different from CLS which does not base its claim on personal interests, but based on interests as citizens who have the right to a good and healthy environment with the claim in the petition that is improvement of government performance on a good and healthy environment The approach method used is a conceptual approach, departing from the idea that social ecological justice (eco-social) is inherent as the right to a good and healthy environment is a citizen’s human right. In the results and discussion shows that a civil justice system that does not recognize al CLS, starting to accept CLS based on the judge’s legal discovery (rechtsvinding) and overriding the point d’interet, point d’action principle.
Analysis of coral reef diversity and its correlation to fish abundance in Biawak Island cluster areas
Authors: Rizal A , Nugraha RBA , Farhan AR , Triwibowo H , Widjanarko E , Secasari Y , Mbay LN , Naibaho N , Borneo BB , Farahdita WL , Siagian H , Rahmania R , Gautama BG
Published: June 2022

The importance of coral reefs for humans and marine biota must be conserved due to threat of climate change and anthropogenic pressures, one of which is in a cluster of small islands in Indramayu Regency, (comprising Biawak, Candikian and Gosong island). This study aims to assess the status of coral reefs in Indramayu (percent cover, diversity, uniformity, and dominancy of the coral reef ecosystem) as well as the potential correlation with fish abundance. Areas of interest were pre-determined using Lyzenga method, ground truth using the LIT (Line Intercept Transect), while genus-based fish abundance using UVC (Underwater Visual Census) method. This study revealed that the status of coral reefs is in moderate condition. The diversity index ranges from 1 to 3, and dominancy index is less than 0.50, indicating a stable reef community where no dominant genus is found in the community. The correlation between fish abundance and the live coral cover percentage showed a positive linear association. These results indicate that current coral reef ecosystems seem unaffected by anthropogenic pressures. It is expected that these results can be used by local authorities to conserve coral reef ecosystems and marine biota, and to maintain the sustainability of community livelihoods.
Growth performance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio fed with different commercial feed in cirata reservoir cage culture system
Authors: Suprayudi Muhammad Agus , Amrillah Muhammad Fathul Qorib Bi , Fauzi Ichsan Achmad , Yusuf Didi Humaedi
Published: June 2022

Aquaculture activities with high stocking density require good quality of feeding, fully equipped and balanced nutrients for optimized growth, and maintaining fish health. Feed cost in aquaculture activities can consume between 75–90% of production costs. Currently, there is various commercial feed available with similar nutrient composition. However, it is unclear whether these similar nutrient properties can make significant differences in growth performance in the field. Thus, this study aimed to determine growth performance differences in common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) raised in floating net cages with four different commercial feeds. This study uses four treatments: commercial feed A, commercial feed B, commercial feed C, and commercial feed D. The average weight of fishes used was 30 g. Fishes were raised at floating net cages 7 × 7 × 4 m. Fish were fed three times a day (07.00, 12.00, and 17.00 WIB) until apparent satiation for 70 days. The result shows that commercial feed D has the best daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio, fat retention, and survival rate. Meanwhile, commercial feed C only gave the best result on protein retention.
Growth and survival rate of orange-spotted spinefoot rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) using different feed types
Authors: Leopardas Jorena , Cabuga Dionesio T. , Nicanor Rio A.
Published: June 2022

Orange-spotted spinefoot rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) is one of the valued marine fish in the Philippines that is widely cultured in brackishwater ponds. This study evaluated the effects of varied feed types on the growth performance and survival of the fish cultured. The experiment utilized a randomized complete block design with three treatments: Commercial feeds; Commercial feeds + lead tree leaves (50:50); lead tree + M. oleifera (50:50) respectively. The results showed that combining a lead tree + M. oleifera greatly affects the indices measured. In terms of length and width, fish fed with lead tree + M. oleifera gained the highest growth increment of 7.11mm and 3.83mm. In terms of weight, fish fed with commercial got the highest increment of 1.02g. The specific growth rate in terms of length, width, and weight were significantly higher in fish fed with lead tree + M. oleifera at 23.48% day -1, 12.69% day-1, and 3.55 % day-1 respectively. Fish fed with commercial feeds got the highest survival rate and significantly from other treatments. Therefore, it is concluded that using a combination of Lead tree and M. oleifera can be used as an alternative feed for orange-spotted spinefoot rabbitfish as it has a good growth performance.
Evaluation of color-based classical conditioning as feeding stimuli in common carp, Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Pradana Andiko , Ekasari Julie , Jusadi Dedi , Marlinda Shela , Fauzi Ichsan Achmad
Published: June 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the application of classical conditioning using light and color as a feeding trigger for common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Common carp (average size 38.8 g, stocking density ten fish/tank) was reared in a 120 l glass aquarium equipped with a top filter, thermostat, and aeration. The designated treatment that used in this study is (1) CTRL treatment whereas color, light position, and feeding position assigned randomly (2) FEED treatment whereas green color was associated with feeding (3) FEEDxSTRESS treatment whereas green color was associated with feeding and red color were associated with stress by giving disturbance in the tank for a short period of time (4) negative control whereas no treatment was given. To evaluate feeding responses, we observe time required for 80% of fish to gather in the feeding area (T80%), the number of fish gather around in the feeding area at 5 seconds after LED that associated with feeding was switched on (DF5s), and total feed intake of the fish. Using two-way ANOVA, the result shows improvement in T80% of FEED treatment compared to initial measurement (178 s vs. 85 s, P=0.012), while no difference was found in DF5s and feed intake.
Evaluation of feeding response and growth performance of tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) that conditioned with color-assigned LED that associated with feeding and stressor
Authors: Tambunan David Timotius , Fauzi Ichsan Achmad , Suprayudi Muhammad Agus , Marlinda Shela , Ekasari Julie
Published: June 2022

Conditioning can be applied as a management tool to increase the efficiency of aquaculture production by training the fish to gather into a designated site for feeding or harvesting purposes and reducing stress from handling or other external stressors that can be found in the ambient environment. While the use of conditioning in aquaculture can be beneficial, there is limited information on the application of this technology in tilapia. Thus, this research was conducted to evaluate the use of different color lights as positive and negative conditioning on feeding response and growth performance of tilapia. Treatment that used in this research is using random light at a random location that was independent of the random feeding location (P1); using blue color at a random location adjacent to the feeding location (P2); using similar treatment with P2 but with the incorporation of conditioning in the form of stress; and control treatment without conditioning. As the result, there is no significant difference among treatments in growth performance and feed conversion, and the application of these conditionings affects tilapia’s feeding response. Treatment P2 produces an improved feeding response compared to other treatments and incorporation of stress into treatment such as in treatment P3 may curb this improvement.
Characterization of digestive enzymes from sandfish, Holothuria scabra juvenile
Authors: Sembiring S B M , Hutapea J H , Giri I N A , Haryanti  , Pratiwi R , Hadisusanto S
Published: June 2022

Understanding the specific role of enzyme activity, such as digestive enzymes present in the intestine of Holothuria scabra juvenile, combined with an understanding of the animal habits and their digestive capacity is essential in the development of an appropriate diet. Juvenile sandfish with an average weight and total length of 2.81 ± 0.54 g and 4.10 ± 0.54 cm were collected and its intestine was used to analyze the activity of protease, amylase, and lipase enzymes. Parameters testing for all enzyme activities were conducted at 12 levels of pH (1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0; 7.0; 8.0; 9.0; 10.0; 11.0; 12.0) and temperature 8 levels (10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60; 70; 80; 90°C). Optimum pH for protease, amylase, and lipase activity were 7.0, 8.0, and 3.0, respectively, while optimum temperatures were 50, 50, and 40°C, respectively. This information about optimum pH and temperature in the biology of sandfish is useful as a basis for further studies on feeding physiology.