bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subsurface Photodisruption in Human Sclera: Wavelength Dependence
Authors: Sacks Zachary S , Kurtz Ronald M , Juhasz Tibor , Spooner Gregory , Mouroua Gerard A
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Approximately 105 million people worldwide have glaucoma, and approximately 5 million are blind from its complications. Current surgical techniques often fail because of scarring of the conjunctival tissue, Tenons tissue, or both. Femtosecond lasers can create highly precise incisions beneath the surface of a tissue, as previously demonstrated in the transparent cornea. Because the sclera is a highly scattering subsurface, photodisruption has not been previously possible.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: To overcome scattering, a laser operating at 1,700 nm was used to make subsurface cuts in human sclera in vitro via photodisruption.

* RESULTS: Sub- 10-µm width incisions were created beneath the surface without collateral tissue effects, something not possible with shorter wavelengths used to date in corneal applications with the femtosecond laser.

* CONCLUSION: Completely subsurface photodisruptions can be accomplished in human sclera in vitro. In vivo studies are required to evaluate the potential use of this technology for scleral applications.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:104113.]
Optimal Laser Power to Rupture Bruch's Membrane and the Retinal Vein in the Pig
Authors: Haupert Christopher L , Grossniklaus Hans E , Sharara Nariman , Davidson Michael G , Syed Arjumand , Fekrat Sharon
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: For laserinduced chorioretinal venous anastomosis to become a viable treatment option for perfused central retinal vein occlusion, laser parameters must be refined to more reliably create venous anastomoses while minimizing complications. The aim of this study was to determine the lowest argon laser power at which Bruch's membrane and the retinal vein are ruptured in 100% of attempts in the porcine eye.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Testing was performed on 6 eyes of 3 Yorkshire Cross pigs, using an argon green laser. The spot size was 50 urn and the duration was 0.2 seconds for all applications. Twelve laser powers were tested, from 0.5 to 6 W, increasing by increments of 0.5 W. Light microscopy was used to determine the frequency of rupture of Bruch's membrane and the retinal vein for each power.

* RESULTS: The rupture rate of Bruch's membrane was 0% at 0.5 W, 5% at 1.0 W, 20% at 1.5 W, 70% at 2.0 W, and 100% for all powers from 2.5 to 6.0 W. The rupture rate of the retinal vein was 0% at 0.5 W, 5% at 1.0 W, 30% at 1.5 W, 60% at 2.0 W, 80% at 2.5 W, and 100% for all powers from 3.0 to 6.0W.

* CONCLUSION: Argon green laser powers of at least 2.5 and 3.0 W were necessary to rupture Bruch's membrane and the retinal vein, respectively, with a 100% success rate in the porcine eye. Because patients with central retinal vein occlusion have secondary retinal edema and may have lenticular opacity, higher laser powers may be required to achieve a 100% rupture rate of these structures.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:122-127.]
Amniotic Membrane Transplantation for Corneal Perforation Related to Vitamin A Deficiency
Authors: Su Wan-Ya , Chang Shu-Wen , Huang Shiu-Feng
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Corneal perforation is one of the most vision-threatening consequences of vitamin A deficiency. Amniotic membrane transplantation was performed in a 36-year-old man who presented with bilateral corneal ulcers. There was a small, sharply demarcated superficial ulcer with crevices of surrounding keratinized epithelium converging on the ulcer and minimal infiltration at the inferior periphery of the right cornea. A 3-mm perforation on a 9 × 7-mm area of stromal melting was noticed in the left cornea. The serum vitamin A level was 14.0 µg/dL (normal, 24.57 to 105.71 µg/dL) at presentation. A biopsy of the right corneal epithelium was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Multilayered amniotic membrane transplantation with debridement of the necrotic corneal stroma was performed on the left cornea. In addition to systemic vitamin A replacement, topical antibiotics and lubricants were also administered. The cornea ulcers healed in 10 days along with the restoration of the serum vitamin A level. The visual acuity improved from 20/250 to 20/20 in the right eye and from light perception to hand movement in the left eye at 3 months. Amniotic membrane transplantation could save eyes with corneal perforation related to vitamin A deficiency before reconstructive surgeries, such as penetrating keratoplasty, are necessary. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:140-144.]
A New Technique for Sampling Fluid From the Retro-Silicone Oil Space in Silicone Oil-Filled Eyes
Authors: Talwar Dinesh , Kulkarni Amol , Azad Raj Vardhan , Sharma Yog Raj , Rajpal
Published: January 2019

Abstract, A small amount of fluid is usually present in the space between the posterior surface of the silicone oil bubble and the retinal surface in silicone oil-filled eyes. A new technique is described for sampling this fluid using a 27-gauge cannula mounted on an empty tuberculin syringe that is connected to a 10-mL syringe through tubing. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:149-150.]
A Review of Methods for Human Retinal Oximetry
Authors: Harris Alon , Dinn Robert B , Kagemann Larry , Rechtman Ehud
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Attempts to noninvasively quantify the oxygen saturation of blood within the retinal vasculature date back to the 1950s. This article discusses the various approaches that have been taken to estimate the oxygen saturation in the retinal vasculature. Advantages and limitations of each are discussed. Data from human and animal subjects are also presented. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003; 34:152-164.]
Comparison of Intraocular Pressure Profiles During Cataract Surgery by Phacoemulsification and Extracapsular Cataract Extraction
Authors: Grinbaum Aharon , Blumenthal Michael , Assia Ehud
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In view of reports of fluctuations in intraocular pressure (IOP) during phacoemulsification, real-time IOP during small-incision, manual extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and phacoemulsification was measured to determine the effect of anterior chamber maintainer infusion on intraoperative IOP dynamics.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A comparative study of IOP during cataract surgery was conducted by these two methods in 29 patients. An anterior chamber maintainer infused balanced salt solution continuously into the eye throughout ECCE. The anterior chamber maintainer was open in 7 cases throughout phacoemulsification and switched off during phacoemulsification in 7 cases.

* RESULTS: IOP measurements during small-incision ECCE were physiologic (range, 5 to 20 mm Hg) during most of the operation and coincided with the value of hydrostatic pressure established by the height of the anterior chamber maintainer infusion bottle. During phacoemulsification without concomitant anterior chamber maintainer, IOP was positive (> 2 to 3 mm Hg) as long as the phacoemulsification infusion line was activated (position 1). Moving to position 0 caused hypotony. Occlusion breaks occasionally caused wide fluctuations in IOP. Concomitant anterior chamber maintainer and phacoemulsification infusion did not prevent surges, but may account for the lower range of fluctuation. The anterior chamber maintainer also maintained a positive IOP at position 0 during phacoemulsification.

* CONCLUSIONS: An anterior chamber maintainer in conjunction with a self-sealing incision can maintain stable physiologic IOP during small-incision ECCE. The IOP fluctuations during phacoemulsification, especially during occlusion breaks, can be attenuated by an anterior chamber maintainer.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:182-186.]
Intravitreal Dexamethasone Effectively Reduces Postoperative Inflammation After Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Chalam Kakarla V , Malkani Sunil , Shah Vinay A
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Corticosteroids remain the mainstay for control of ocular inflammation after vitreous surgery. A controlled, randomized, prospective study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a single intravitreal injection of dexamethasone phosphate on postoperative inflammation after simple vitreous surgery in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular pucker.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Aqueous cell flare intensity was measured preoperatively and on days 1, 10, and 90 in 56 consecutive patients who underwent vitreous surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular pucker. Subjects were consecutively randomized to two groups: 400 pg of intravitreal dexamethasone (treatment group) or no dexamethasone (control group)

* RESULTS: Before surgery, cell and flare intensity was similar in both groups. Flare intensity was significantly lower at 10, 30, and 90 days in the proliferative diabetic retinopathy treatment group (P < .05).

* CONCLUSION: Intravitreal dexamethasone significantly alleviates postoperative inflammation after vitreous surgery and is a useful adjunct.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:188-192.]
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Immediately Following Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Fosnot Joshua , Glazer-Hockstein Carolyn , Tolentino Michael J
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The relationship between cardiac surgery and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) has been previously documented; however, in all of these cases the occlusion occurred months after the cardiac surgery. This is the first report of a patient awakening from cardiac surgery with ophthalmoscopically documented CRVO. This diagnostic case report describes a patient who developed CRVO immediately following extensive cardiac surgery including aortic valve, aortic root, and proximal aortic arch replacements, as well as coronary artery bypass grafts. Ophthalmologists and cardiac surgeons alike should be aware that CRVO is a potential complication of cardiac surgery, especially when cardiopulmonary bypass is necessary. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:215-216.]
Retrospective Analysis of Vitrectomy With and Without Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Stage 3 and 4 Macular Hole
Authors: Simon Guy J Ben , Desatnik Howard , Alhalel Amir , Treister Giora , Moisseiev Joseph
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pars plana vitrectomy with indocyanine green (ICG)- assisted internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling versus pars plana vitrectomy without ILM peeling for stage 3 and 4 primary idiopathic macular hole.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-two eyes of 60 consecutive patients with idiopathic macular hole underwent vitrectomy with gas (C3F8) injection. The first 46 eyes underwent vitrectomy without ILM peeling; of these, 14 had epiretinal membrane peeling and were excluded, leaving 32 eyes (no ILM group). The remaining 16 eyes underwent vitrectomy with ICGassisted ILM peeling (ICG-ILM group). Follow-up data at 6 to 48 months postoperatively were recorded and analyzed.

* RESULTS: Macular hole closure was achieved in 13 (81%) of 16 patients in the ICG-ILM group and 16 (50%) of 32 patients in the no ILM group (P = .036). Analysis of the data from eyes with closed holes indicates that the ICG-ILM group achieved a better mean final visual acuity compared with the no ILM group (20/60 vs 20/100, respectively) (P= .017). No complications were attributed to the use of ICG.

* CONCLUSIONS: ICG-assisted ILM peeling significantly increased the rate of hole closure in eyes with stage 3 or 4 idiopathic macular hole. The use of ICG did not adversely affect the visual acuity results, and it appears to be a safe adjunct to macular hole surgery.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 200434:109-115.]
Eyelid Splitting and Extirpation of Hair Follicles Using a Radiosurgical Technique for Treatment of Trichiasis
Authors: Rosner Mordechai , Bourla Nirit , Rosen Nachum
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe a new, simple, and rapid surgical modification for the treatment of trichiasis.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this noncomparative, prospective, interventional case series, 12 eyelids of 8 consecutive patients suffering from acquired trichiasis were treated by splitting the eyelid margin using a radiosurgical technique and then extirpating the hair follicles. The main outcome measure was successful resolution of trichiasis without recurrence during a follow-up period of at least 1 year.

* RESULTS: Complete recovery of the trichiatic eyelashes at the site of the treatment occurred in 10 of the 12 eyelids treated. There were no complications during or after healing of the surgical wound during the follow-up period.

* CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery provides a simple and rapid modification of the surgical treatment for acquired trichiasis, with good functional results.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:1 16-122.]
Immediate and Long-Term Changes of Fundus Autofluorescence in Continuous Wave Laser Lesions of the Retina
Authors: Framme Carsten , Roider Johann
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fundus autofluorescence imaging is able to show changes in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) fluorescence after thermal laser photocoagulation.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In vivo imaging of fundus autofluorescence was performed with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. A laser with a wavelength of 488 nm was used for excitation of the tissue and autofluorescence was detected above 500 nm using a barrier filter. One hundred eight eyes of 87 patients who had had previous laser treatment were monitored. The appearance and size of the laser lesions were documented and correlated to the time of treatment. Immediate changes were observed prospectively in 13 eyes; long-term follow-up was studied retrospectively in 95 eyes.

* RESULTS: In all patients but one, autofluorescence was decreased in the area of laser lesions 1 hour after laser treatment. After 1 month, previously decreased autofluorescence in all lesions changed to significantly increased autofluorescence, which was stable up to 6 months after treatment. Mixed forms were present approximately 6 to 12 months after treatment, showing a central island of increased autofluorescence surrounded by a ring of decreased autofluorescence. After 1 to 2 years, lesions again changed to complete dark spots, enlarging later on.

* CONCLUSION: RPE destruction and subsequent proliferation after continuous wave laser photocoagulation can be visualized noninvasively by autofluorescence imaging. Immediate decreased autofluorescence may indicate acute damage of the RPE, subsequent increased autofluorescence seems to indicate proliferative behavior of the RPE, and final dark spots can indicate RPE atrophy secondary to a denaturation of neurosensory retinal tissue. Thus, autofluorescence can be used in the long-term monitoring of RPE changes after laser treatment. The enlargement of the laser atrophy zone demonstrates the potential risk of visual loss after central laser photocoagulation even years after treatment.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:131-138.]
Rapid Response of Cystoid Macular Edema Related to Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy to 0.5% Ketorolac
Authors: Lee Michael S , Lass Jonathan H
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 68-year-old woman who had had cataract surgery several years previously presented with decreasing visual acuity and posterior capsular opacification. She underwent an Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy, but developed decreased visual acuity secondary to cystoid macular edema 2 months after the procedure. She was immediately administered 0.5% ketorolac drops. Several days after initiating treatment, she noted an improvement in her vision. Eight days later, her vision had improved from 20/400 to 20/60. Three weeks later, her vision returned to her baseline of 20/30 and a fluorescein angiogram showed resolution of the edema. This may indicate that cystoid macular edema related to Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy is caused by prostaglandin release, and that it may be responsive to topical nonsteroidal drops. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:162-164.]
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in a Patient Taking Sildenafil Citrate
Authors: Allibhai Zishan A , Gale Jeffrey S , Sheidow Thomas S
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 37-year-old man presented with decreased vision in the right eye following increased use of sildenafil citrate. The visual and clinical findings worsened during the following week with continued use and then resolved rapidly with discontinuation of sildenafil citrate. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35: 165-167.]
Ocular Photodynamic Therapy in Choroidal Neovascularization Complicating Idiopathic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Canakis Christina , Conway Mandi D , Livir-Rallatos Charalampos , Naaman Georges J , Ratnakaram Ramakrishna , Men Gamze , Peyman Gholam A
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Two consecutive patients with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy and decreased vision subsequent to subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes were treated with photodynamic therapy applied using the protocol of the Treatment of AgeRelated Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy Study Group. Main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity, biomicroscopic appearance, and leakage on fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. Photodynamic therapy offered anatomical, angiographic, and functional improvement. After an initial complete response, the patients required re-treatment at 3 and 4 months, respectively. Cessation of leakage with improvement in visual acuity occurred, but subretinal fibrosis posed a possible limitation for full functional recovery. Although choroidal neovascular membranes complicating idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy portend a poor visual prognosis, the overall response to photodynamic therapy was favorable. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:168-171.]
Perioperative Treatment of Patients With Diabetes Having Eye Surgery With Local Anesthesia in an Ambulatory Facility
Authors: Kollarits Carol R , Kendrick Ronald M , Guess Matthew
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in diabetic patients on the morning of eye surgery scheduled under local anesthesia in an ambulatory surgery facility.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of fasting blood glucose levels in 216 diabetic patients on 326 admissions.

* RESULTS: The fasting blood glucose level was 80 mg/dL or lower in 10 patient admissions (3%). Hyperglycemia (fasting blood glucose level of greater than 300 mg/dL) was present on 8 admissions (2.4%).

* CONCLUSIONS: Blood glucose levels need to be monitored in diabetic patients undergoing even short surgical procedures. The dosage of long-acting insulins or oral hypoglycemics given the night prior to surgery may have to be reduced to prevent hypoglycemia on the morning of surgery.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:185-188.]
Intermediate-Term Results of Baerveldt Tube Shunt Surgery With Mitomycin C Use
Authors: Irak Inci , Moster Marlene R , Fontanarosa Joann
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study the intermediate-term results of the Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device with adjunctive use of intraoperative mitomycin C.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Charts of 243 consecutive patients with advanced glaucoma who had undergone tube shunt surgery between 1992 and 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 64 patients were eligible for the study. Patients were observed for a mean of 34.3 ± 21 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to determine intermediate-term success.

* RESULTS: The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 34.4 mm Hg and the 1-year postoperative IOP was 16.6 mm Hg. The mean percent IOP reduction after surgery was 5 1 .7%, 53.2%, and 5 1 .4% at 1,2, and 5 years, respectively. Kaplan- Meier analysis showed a 77% success rate at 1 year, 66% at 2 years, and 59% at 5 years. The most common complication was choroidal detachment (18.8%).

* CONCLUSION: The use of mitomycin C with Baerveldt implantation showed IOP control equivalent to that without mitomycin C at intermediate follow-up.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:189196.]
Discrimination Between Normal and Glaucomatous Eyes With the Topographic Scanning System: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Magacho Leopoldo , Marcondes Ana M , Costa Vital P
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of the Topographic Scanning System (TopSS; Laser Diagnostic Technologies, San Diego, CA) to differentiate individuals with glaucoma from normal subjects.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The subjects were divided into two groups: primary open-angle glaucoma and normal. All individuals underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation, a 24-2 full threshold Humphrey visual field evaluation, and a TopSS examination. Cut-off points were selected, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were created, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated for individual TopSS parameters and combinations of variables using multivariate analysis.

* RESULTS: One hundred twelve patients with glaucoma and 88 normal individuals were enrolled in the study. The best TopSS individual parameters were: average disc diameter (sensitivity: 64%, specificity: 89%, area under ROC curve: 0.824), total disc area (sensitivity: 85%, specificity: 66%, area under ROC curve: 0.802), and cup area (sensitivity: 69%, specificity: 85%, area under ROC curve: 0.797). The multivariate analysis resulted in an area under the ROC curve of 0.91 (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 81%).

* CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary report suggests that the use of a multivariate discriminant formula may enhance the ability to differentiate individuals with glaucoma from normal subjects with the TopSS, with high sensitivity and specificity. Further studies investigating a random population are needed to test the validity of this formula.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:225-232.]
Post-Surgical Scleritis Associated With the Ganciclovir Implant
Authors: Srivastava Sunil , Taylor Perdita , Wood Lauren V , Lee Susan S , Robinson Michael R
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Although the ganciclovir implant is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, complications that may occur include retinal detachment, implant extrusion, and endophthalmitis. A 22-year-old woman with human immunodeficiency virus infection presented with a painful left eye with scleritis overlying previous ganciclovir implant sclerotomy sites. The inflammation progressed 360° around the pars plana with progressive thinning at the implant sites. Post-surgical necrotizing scleritis is another complication that can occur in patients with ganciclovir implants. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:254-255.]
Liquid Crystal Display Microperimetry in Idiopathic Subretinal Fibrosis
Authors: Shah Vinay A , Chalam K V
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 46-year-old woman presented with a history of decreased vision. On examination, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/30 in both eyes. Fundus evaluation of the right eye revealed subretinal fibrosis of the macula involving the fovea. The fundus of the left eye was normal. Fluorescein angiography confirmed the diagnosis. At 10 months of follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic and the visual acuity was stable at 20/25 in both eyes. Liquid crystal display microperimetry showed comparable retinal sensitivity in both eyes (P > .05). However, the right eye revealed unstable fixation compared to the left eye. Idiopathic subretinal fibrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with subretinal fibrosis. Liquid crystal display microperimetry is a useful tool in evaluating these patients. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:321-324.]
Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma Associated With Juxtapapillary Exophytic Retinal Capillary Hemangioma
Authors: Simon Guy J Ben , Desatnik Howard , Rosen Nachum
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 32-year-old man presented with coexisting orbital hemangioma and juxtapapillary exophytic capillary hemangioma. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography revealed exophytic juxtapapillary retinal capillary hemangioma. The orbital cavernous hemangioma was surgically removed, and the retinal capillary hemangioma was observed without treatment. Subretinal hemorrhage gradually absorbed and clinical symptoms improved. Juxtapapillary exophytic capillary hemangioma can cause subretinal bleeding secondary to external pressure from an adjacent orbital cavernous hemangioma. Coexistence of both tumors suggests a common etiology. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:332-334.]
Gradual Extrusion of Implant: An Unusual Complication After Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Srivastava Saurabh , Dhaliwal Upreet
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 6 5 -year-old woman had undergone cataract extraction with implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) in the left eye 5 years previously. The eye remained irritated and she did not regain useful vision. She had pain and foreign body sensation in that eye for 3 months that became especially severe in the 3 days prior to presentation. On examination, the optic and one haptic of an IOL protruded through a small fistula in a leukomatous cornea. The tip of the other haptic was embedded in the fistula. The surgical scar was intact and there was a circular depression on the superior cornea identical in size and shape to the optic. There was no history of trauma or rheumatoid arthritis. The IOL, barring one haptic, may have extruded through the site of a perforated corneal ulcer and remained impacted on the corneal surface, allowing healing under it. This is an extremely unusual presentation of an extruded IOL. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:343-344.]
Comparison of the 20-MHz Ultrasound Probe With Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Glaucoma
Authors: Harasymowycz P J , Affel E L , Spaeth G L , Wilson R , Katz L J , Moster M R , Myers J , Henderer J , Steinmann W C
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The 20-MHz ultrasound probe was compared with ultrasound biomicroscopy to determine its usefulness in imaging various glaucomatous conditions. Ten patients with glaucoma underwent anterior segment imaging with both the 20-MHz probe, which attaches to the I
p 3
B-scan (Innovative Imaging Inc., Sacramento, CA), and the Ultrasonic BioMicroscope (UBM; Paradigm Medical Industries, Salt Lake City, UT). All pathology was easily demonstrable using the 20-MHz probe, in one case showing a retinal detachment not seen with the UBM. However, anterior findings such as fluid in the suprachoroidal space and sclerostomy sites in postoperative trabeculectomy cases were more difficult to view with the 20-MHz probe. The use of coupling enhanced the quality of the latter images. The 20-MHz ultrasound probe may be a viable aid in diagnosis and follow-up of certain glaucomatous conditions, and the use of a coupling device enhances its images. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:347-349.]
Treatment of Overhanging Blebs With Frequency-Doubled Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Sony Parul , Kumar Harsh , Pushker Neelam
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Large overhanging blebs can be associated with various complications (eg, over filtrati on, endophthalmitis, and dellen formation). Argon laser treatment of such blebs has already been described. The authors used frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser in 3 eyes of 3 patients with large filtering blebs. Gentian violet was used to stain the bleb surface and enhance the laser absorption. Laser spots were applied over the bleb surface. Bleb shrinkage and remodeling was observed in all 3 eyes. Intraocular pressure remained normal, suggesting that the filtering capability of the blebs was maintained. [Ophthalmic Surg Laser Imaging 2004;35:429-432.]
Increased Intraocular Pressure and Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss Following Phacoemulsification Surgery
Authors: Yachimori Ryuzi , Matsuura Toshie , Hayashi Ken , Hayashi Hideyuki
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the influence of low-molecular-weight viscoelastics on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsification surgery.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine eyes undergoing phacoemulsification surgery were randomized to have either Opegan (Santen Pharmaceuticals, Osaka, Japan) alone or the soft-shell technique using Viscoat (Alcon Surgical, Fort Worth, TX) during phacoemulsification. The IOP was measured preoperatively and at 5 and 24 hours postoperatively. Intraoperative factors and corneal endothelial cell loss were also examined.

* RESULTS: Mean IOP was increased at 5 hours after surgery but returned to preoperative levels at 24 hours in the Opegan group, whereas it remained higher at 24 hours than at preoperative levels in the soft-shell group. When comparing groups, IOP at 5 and 24 hours postoperatively in the Opegan group was significantly less than that in the soft-shell group. Corneal endothelial cell loss was approximately the same in the two groups.

* CONCLUSION: The increase in IOP following phacoemulsification surgery with the use of Opegan was less than that with the soft-shell technique using Viscoat, although endothelial injury was almost the same.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:453-459.]
Retinal Thickness in Normal and RCD1 Dogs Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Panzan Carla Q , Güven Dilek , Weiland James D , Lakhanpal Rohit R , Javaheri Michael , de Juan Eugene , Humayun Mark S
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare retinal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness values obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in normal dogs and dogs with rod-cone dysplasia type 1 (RCD1).

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight eyes of 6 normal hound-bred dogs and 12 eyes of 6 dogs with RCD1, 2 to 5 years of age, were examined using the Fast RNFL Thickness, Fast Macular Thickness, and line scan protocols of OCT.

* RESULTS: Retinal thickness was significantly higher in the tapetal fundus than in the non-tapetal fundus, in both normal (P = .0036) and RCD1 (P < .0001) dogs. Superotemporal, superonasal, and inferior retinal thickness values were significantly higher in normal dogs (P < .0001). Area centralis thickness was 183.5 ± 10.66 µm in normal dogs and 136.16 ± 13.12 pm in RCD1 dogs (P < .0001). There was no difference in RNFL thickness between normal and RCD1 dogs (P > .05).

* CONCLUSION: OCT scanning in dogs is considered to be a useful method of evaluation in future retinal studies in this animal model.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:485-493.]
Socket Infection Due to Retained Gauze After Evisceration
Authors: Chang Yi-Sheng , Ho Chung-Liang , Tseng Sung-Huei
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 64-year-old man had late-onset socket infection due to retained surgical gauze after evisceration. External examination showed a mass of retained surgical gauze with copious yellowish discharge and gas bubbles. Computed tomography scans showed a 3.2 X 2.4 X 2.4-cm heterogeneous mass and numerous gas bubbles. Culture of the discharge yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus viridans, Peptostreptococcus species, and Fusobacterium species. Surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy achieved a rapid resolution. Retained gauze after evisceration may lead to socket infection, and such a complication should be avoided. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:503-506.]
Uncommon Neonatal Skin Lesions
Authors: Manning Jamie Rosen , Lee Diana H.
Published: January 2019

Certain rashes and cutaneous lesions in a newborn can be clues to more concerning diseases and conditions if recognized and evaluated promptly. Langerhans cell histiocytosis, cutaneous forms of cancer (such as leukemia cutis, neuroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma), developmental abnormalities such as neural tube or spinal dysraphism, and aplasia cutis congenita, nutritional deficiency, and immunodeficiency all have a range of cutaneous findings that will be reviewed herein to guide diagnosis and management.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2019;48(1):e30–e35.

]
Health Literacy and Income Mediate Racial/Ethnic Asthma Disparities
Authors: Seibert Ryan G. , Winter Michael R. , Cabral Howard J. , Wolf Michael S. , Curtis Laura M. , Paasche-Orlow Michael K.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Health literacy and socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with both race/ethnicity and asthma outcomes. The extent to which health literacy and SES mediate racial/ethnic asthma disparities is less clear.

Objective:

To determine if health literacy and SES mediate racial/ethnic asthma disparities using advanced mediation analyses.

Methods:

A secondary analysis was performed using a Chicago-based longitudinal cohort study conducted from 2004 to 2007 involving 342 adults age 18 to 41 years with persistent asthma. Phone interviews were conducted every 3 months assessing asthma quality of life (AQOL; scored 1–7, with 7 being the highest) and asthma-related health care use measures. Structural equation models assessed mediation of race/ethnicity effects on AQOL and health care use through health literacy and SES. Covariates in the best-fit model included sex, year and season of interview, and cigarette smoking.

Key Results:

The study sample was 77.8% female, 57.3% African American/non-Hispanic, and 28.7% Hispanic. Race/ethnicity was significantly associated with AQOL and asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits, but only indirectly, through the effects of health literacy and income. Compared with White/non-Hispanics, African American/non-Hispanics and Hispanics had significantly higher odds of low health literacy and lower income. Low health literacy was associated with significantly lower AQOL scores (β = −0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−0.38, −0.10]) and higher odds of an ED visit (adjusted odds ratio = 1.24, 95% CI [1.07, 1.43]). Increasing income was associated with significantly higher AQOL scores (β = 0.18, 95% CI [0.08, 0.28]) and lower odds of an ED visit (adjusted odds ratio = 0.88, 95% CI [0.80, 0.97]).

Conclusions:

The relationships between race/ethnicity and several asthma outcomes were mediated by health literacy and income. Interventions to improve racial/ethnic asthma disparities should target health literacy and income barriers.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(1):e9–e18.]

Plain Language Summary:

Using advanced statistical methods, this study suggests racial/ethnic differences in several asthma outcomes are largely due to effects of health literacy and income. Interventions to improve racial/ethnic asthma disparities should target health literacy and income barriers.
Monuments and Their Narratives. First World War Monuments in Montenegro
Authors: Čagorović Nebojša , Knežević Saša
Published: January 2019

This article brings overview of the First World War monuments in Montenegro. Unlike in other allied nations, there are only a few First World War monuments in Montenegro. Although Montenegro fought with the allies, it lost the peace; Montenegro was stripped of its sovereignty by Serbian troops in 1918. After the First World War, the storyline becomes about the “unification” of Montenegro into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes and then its submersion into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
***
Ta članek vsebuje pregled spomenikov prve svetovne vojne v Črni gori. Za razliko od drugih zavezniških narodov je v Črni gori le malo spomenikov, posvečenih prvi svetovni vojni. Čeprav se je Črna gora borila z zavezniki, je izgubila suverenost, saj jo je leta 1918 zavzela srbska vojska. Po prvi svetovni vojni gre za zgodbo o »združitvi« Črne gore v kraljestvo Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev in nato njeni podreditvi Kraljevini Jugoslaviji.
World War I “Cartographies”: Mapping the Polish Landscape of Forgetting in Legnica
Authors: Czarnecka Dominika
Published: January 2019

This article focuses on mapping the landscape of forgetting in the context of World War I in Legnica (Liegnitz), a town in southwestern Poland. It describes the process of (re)constructing and (re) negotiating the cultural landscape of the town by using the metaphors of conversation and conflict. This analysis shows that World War I remains a past that is impossible to deal with by Legnica’s contemporary inhabitants.
***
Osrednji fokus članka je zemljevidenje krajine pozabe v kontekstu prve svetovne vojne v Legnici (Liegnitz), mestu na poljskem jugozahodu. Avtorica opisuje proces (ponovne) gradnje in (ponovnega) pogajanja o kulturni krajini mesta z rabo metafor pogovora in konflikta. Njena analiza priča o tem, da ostaja prva svetovna vojna preteklost, ki je prebivalci Legnice ne zmorejo rešiti.
Reconstructing memory narratives on Facebook with Digital Methods
Authors: Coromina Òscar , Padilla Molina Adrián
Published: January 2019

Social platforms are playing an increasingly more important role in different aspects of our daily lives, which can range from the most mundane to such crucial processes as the transmission of meanings and values in our society. Much of the interest lies in the fact that storytelling on social networks is a collective process in which users participate by creating, sharing and commenting on content. All these actions generate digital traces that are easily accessible, in a non-intrusive and automated manner, which represents an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the mediation of social and cultural phenomena.

Digital Methods is an epistemological proposal that, aligned with Studies in Science, Technology and Society (STS), assumes the existence of a technological mediation of social and cultural practices and uses computational techniques, not only to extract the digital traces left by the users of these social networks, but also to analyze and display their content. This article takes as a case study the representation of the Spanish Civil War on Facebook to exemplify the affordances of such a methodological approach to investigate the processes of generation, diffusion and representation of historical knowledge.
Digital sources: a case study of the analysis of the Recovery of Historical Memory in Spain on the social network Twitter
Authors: Congosto Mariluz
Published: January 2019

The incorporation of digital sources from online social media into historical research brings great opportunities, although it is not without technological challenges. The huge amount of information that can be obtained from these platforms obliges us to resort to the use of quantitative methodologies in which algorithms have special relevance, especially regarding network analysis and data mining. The Recovery of Historical Memory in Spain on the social network Twitter will be analysed in this article. An open-code tool called T-Hoarder was used; it is based on objectivity, transparency and knowledge-sharing. It has been in use since 2012.
Englishwomen’s petitioning strategies during the 17th century
Authors: Robles Ballesteros Tania
Published: January 2019

The aim of this article is to study the contents and the diverse forms in which women wrote petitions to Parliament or to the Crown during the second half of the seventeenth-century paying attention to the hugh variety of topics chosen by them and the reception they had in society. We also intend to analyse their discourses and the strategies employed by these women with the objective of reaching their political goals.
Optimization Algorithm for Lifetime of Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Grid
Authors: Song Ren
Published: January 2019

To avoid premature failure due to excessive energy consumption of some nodes in the network, the node energy consumption problem was considered. Network life was maximized. For the problem of node energy consumption, multiple methods such as the shortest path method, optimization method, and power control method were used to solve the problem of optimization of the survival time of the wireless sensor network in different scenarios and improve the network lifetime. The results showed that the sub-gradient algorithm could balance the node energy consumption and the number of neighbor nodes and extend the maximum network lifetime. Therefore, under certain conditions, the algorithm is better than the algorithm using fixed transmission power.
Exploration of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network Based on Joint Photographic Experts Group Image Coding Algorithm
Authors: He Jie
Published: January 2019

to study the performance of image coding and image transmission of wireless video sensor node in wireless multimedia sensor network, the challenges and design objectives of image coding technology in wireless multimedia sensor network are discussed, and the classification and exploration are carried out from two aspects: individual source coding and distributed source coding. The compression of video monitoring image sequence in wireless multimedia sensor network is studied and a low complexity image coding scheme based on change detection and improved Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) algorithm is proposed. The moving target in the monitoring image is located with the change detection algorithm, that is, the area of interest. Only the region of interest is transmitted to reduce the quantity of data transmission and adapt to the limited storage and forwarding capability of wireless sensor nodes; The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and quantization processes in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) algorithm are improved to reduce the computational complexity and adapt to the limited computing power of wireless sensor nodes.The analysis of algorithm complexity and the results of simulation experiment show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the data communication amount of wireless sensor nodes and the energy consumption in the calculation process while ensuring the image quality required by the application.Wireless multimedia sensor network is a new and interdisciplinary subject.The study of it is also multidirectional and multi-angle.The image coding algorithm of wireless multimedia sensor network is studied deeply.Although some achievements have been made, there are still a lot of problems that need to be further studied.
Clustering and Path Planning for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Fang Jiajuan
Published: January 2019

To make up the deficiency of artificial intelligent ant colony algorithm in solving the clustering and path planning of wireless sensor network (WSN) a new random disturbance factor is proposed. A self-regulated random disturbance ant colony algorithm is obtained. An improved ant colony algorithm is proposed by combining the self-regulated random disturbance ant colony algorithm with chaos. After the algorithm improvement is completed, the improved artificial intelligent ant colony algorithm is applied to the cluster head fixed WSN node cluster and the path optimization process of each cluster head communication with the base station. The convergence speed, energy consumption and the survival time of the node cluster head are analyzed. The results show that the improved ant colony algorithm has good stability characteristics in the application and convergence of WSN. It can be seen that the improved ant colony algorithm is feasible in clustering and path planning of WSN.
Comment défendre l’anti-pragmatisme de Clifford à propos des croyances en général et des croyances religieuses en particulier
Authors: Gaultier Benoit
Published: January 2019

J’expose et critique l’interprétation reçue de la controverse classique entre William Clifford et William James sur ce qu’est l’éthique de la croyance. Je défends la position de Clifford en soutenant que sa fameuse maxime selon laquelle « on a tort, partout, toujours et qui que l’on soit de croire que ce soit sur la base d’éléments de preuves insuffisants » doit être comprise comme énonçant que toute croyance qui est le produit de la corruption de notre jugement par nos désirs est fautive. J’indique ce qu’il s’ensuit à propos des croyances religieuses en particulier.
Les sirènes de l’absolu : William James et Josiah Royce en perspective
Authors: Mollard Romain
Published: January 2019

La question de la justification pragmatiste de la vérité des croyances religieuses apparait chez James dès 1898 en tant que théorie alternative à la théorie roycéenne de l’absolu. Reprise en 1902 dans The Varieties of Religious Experience, cette justification pragmatiste échoue pourtant à rendre compte correctement de la possible vérité des croyances religieuses et, en dernière instance, à répondre aux arguments de Royce. James est bien conscient qu’il manque, à sa théorie pragmatiste basée sur les conséquences pratiques de la croyance religieuse, une théorie métaphysique de la causalité surnaturelle des expériences religieuses. Mais ceci suppose de dépasser le naturalisme et le dualisme implicites des Variétés. Or, devant l’impasse du monisme des Essais d’empirisme radical, James sera amené à développer, dans A Pluralistic Universe, une théorie panthéiste qui accepte la possibilité logique de l’absolu, en acceptant à nouveau frais la thèse d’une composition de la conscience qu’il avait rejetée dans les Principles of Psychology. A ce titre, la position finale de James semble être assez proche de celle de Royce, à condition toutefois de montrer que celle-ci n’est pas une théorie de la nécessité de l’absolu, mais bien une théorie de sa possibilité.
Le naturalisme de John Dewey : un antidote au post-sécularisme contemporain
Authors: Stavo-Debauge Joan
Published: January 2019

Dans cet article, je noue deux lignes de discussion : la première regarde la montée en puissance des discours et théories post-sécularistes ; la seconde concerne la fréquente (et récente) atténuation du naturalisme de John Dewey. S’il m’importe de relever le curieux affadissement de son naturalisme chez de nombreux pragmatistes contemporains, c’est afin de mieux répondre aux théories de la « société post-séculière ». En revenant sur de nombreux textes de Dewey, trop souvent omis de la discussion au seul profit de A Common Faith, je montrerai qu’ils fournissent un puissant antidote au post-sécularisme contemporain, en ne cédant pas sur l’affirmation d'un anti-surnaturalisme vigoureux, gage de la réalisation de l’idéal démocratique et de « l’attitude scientifique » promue par Dewey.
La religion comme expérience de la valeur
Authors: Quéré Louis
Published: January 2019

Cet article présente et discute la philosophie de la religion de John Dewey, en la rapportant aux débats actuels sur le « post-séculier ». La perspective de Dewey est complètement séculariste tout en plaidant pour le développement de l’attitude religieuse dans l’expérience. Il s’agit d’une attitude religieuse libérée du surnaturalisme et du dogmatisme des religions instituées. Ce sécularisme religieux paradoxal est fondé sur une conception naturaliste de l’expérience humaine et de la vie sociale. Après avoir reconstitué les arguments de Dewey, l’article examine deux objections qui leur ont été adressées.
Indigenous Worldviews and Pedagogies in Indigenous-Based Programs
Authors: Moeke-Pickering Taima
Published: January 2019

This chapter presents on the findings of a case study that was conducted with the Indigenous Social Work degree program, based in Sudbury, Ontario and the Maori Counselling degree program, based in Hamilton, Aotearoa (New Zealand). This research set out to examine the social and political approaches that Indigenous peoples undertook to situate Indigenous designed programs within Western academic institutes and to find out what were the distinctive features of these programs in relation to their content and pedagogy. A case study method combined with an Indigenous methodology approach was used to guide this research. This involved gathering key pieces of information as well as interviewing participants (graduates/faculty/developers). Key themes that emerged were that Indigenous worldviews and pedagogies were critical aspects of Indigenous social work/counselling programs.