bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alterethnography: Reading and writing otherness in organizations
Authors: Ericsson Daniel , Kostera Monika
Published: July 2020

Inspired by the alternative ethnographic tradition, the aim of this article is to contribute with an approach to organizational ethnography informed by the radical imperative to encounter and understand the Other in his/her complex otherness and difference. The approach is conceptualized in terms of alterethnography and it is outlined as a way of doing research/writing for change at odds with dominant patriarchal scientific writing orders. Illustrated by a study of creativity, written in the form of an academic postmodern detective novel fiction, alterethnography is envisioned as uncontained and disruptive, unpatriarchal and disconformist: it is an approach that transgresses the boundaries of the ego, striving to embrace otherness as togetherness.
Corruption, market quality, and entry deterrence in emerging economies
Authors: Dastidar Krishnendu Ghosh , Yano Makoto
Published: July 2020

In many emerging economies incumbent firms often use dubious means to deter entry of other firms. We analyze this scenario in a three‐stage game of entry deterrence. The incumbent has incomplete information about the entrant's costs but can increase this cost by resorting to unfair means (e.g. bribing a politician who harms the entrant). We completely characterize the optimal bribe and show that this depends on the “fairness index” and the “differentiation” parameter. We also show that zero bribes need not maximize welfare and market quality. Our results seem to be compatible with anecdotal evidence from emerging economies such as India.
Contrasting impact of androgens on male and female adiposity, fat distribution and insulin resistance in childhood and adolescence (EarlyBird 75)
Authors: Chynoweth Jade , Hosking Joanne , Jeffery Alison , Pinkney Jonathan
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To investigate associations between androgens (testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate [DHEAS] and androstenedione), adiposity, fat distribution and insulin resistance (IR) during childhood and adolescence.

Methods

Three hundred and seven children (170 [55.4%] boys; 137 [44.6%] girls) recruited at age 5 and studied annually until age 16: androgens (liquid chromatography tandem‐mass spectrometry), anthropometry, body composition (dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry) and IR (homeostasis model assessment).

Results

Early adiposity was associated with earlier detection of androstenedione in both sexes, and DHEAS in boys. At puberty, higher androgen levels were associated with favourable metabolic changes in boys, but adverse metabolic effects in girls. In boys, higher free testosterone (FT) was associated with lower body fat and android/gynoid fat ratio (AGR) (both P < .001), but in girls higher total testosterone was associated with higher AGR. In girls only, higher androstenedione (P = .02) and FT (P = .01) was associated with higher IR during puberty.

Conclusions

In pre‐pubertal children, adiposity is associated with higher secretion of androgen precursors. After pubertal onset, higher testosterone is associated with lower adiposity and AGR in boys, but higher AGR and IR in girls. Therefore, androgens have modest sex‐specific associations with children's total body fat, fat distribution and IR.
A behind‐the‐scenes tour of the IEDB curation process: an optimized process empirically integrating automation and human curation efforts
Authors: Salimi Nima , Edwards Lindy , Foos Gabriele , Greenbaum Jason A. , Martini Sheridan , Reardon Brian , Shackelford Deborah , Vita Randi , Zalman Leora , Peters Bjoern , Sette Alessandro
Published: July 2020

The Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) provides the scientific community with open access to epitope data, as well as epitope prediction and analysis tools. The IEDB houses the most extensive collection of experimentally validated B‐cell and T‐cell epitope data, sourced primarily from published literature by expert curation. The data procurement requires systematic identification, categorization, curation and quality‐checking processes. Here, we provide insights into these processes, with particular focus on the dividends they have paid in terms of attaining project milestones, as well as how objective analyses of our processes have identified opportunities for process optimization. These experiences are shared as a case study of the benefits of process implementation and review in biomedical big data, as well as to encourage idea‐sharing among players in this ever‐growing space.
Recent influenza activity in tropical Puerto Rico has become synchronized with mainland US
Authors: Paz–Bailey Gabriela , Quandelacy Talia M. , Adams Laura E. , Olsen Sonja J. , Blanton Lenee , Munoz-Jordan Jorge L. , Lozier Matthew , Alvarado Luisa I. , Johansson Michael A.
Published: July 2020

Background

We used data from the Sentinel Enhanced Dengue Surveillance System (SEDSS) to describe influenza trends in southern Puerto Rico during 2012‐2018 and compare them to trends in the United States.

Methods

Patients with fever onset ≤ 7 days presenting were enrolled. Nasal/oropharyngeal swabs were tested for influenza A and B viruses by PCR. Virologic data were obtained from the US World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Laboratories System and the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS). We compared influenza A and B infections identified from SEDSS and WHO/NREVSS laboratories reported by US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) region using time series decomposition methods, and analysed coherence of climate and influenza trends by region.

Results

Among 23,124 participants, 9% were positive for influenza A and 5% for influenza B. Influenza A and B viruses were identified year‐round, with no clear seasonal patterns from 2012 to 2015 and peaks in December‐January in 2016‐2017 and 2017‐2018 seasons. Influenza seasons in HHS regions were relatively synchronized in recent years with the seasons in Puerto Rico. We observed high coherence between absolute humidity and influenza A and B virus in HHS regions. In Puerto Rico, coherence was much lower in the early years but increased to similar levels to HHS regions by 2017‐2018.

Conclusions

Influenza seasons in Puerto Rico have recently become synchronized with seasons in US HHS regions. Current US recommendations are for everyone 6 months and older to receive influenza vaccination by the end of October seem appropriate for Puerto Rico.
Glycation of fibronectin inhibits VEGF‐induced angiogenesis by uncoupling VEGF receptor‐2‐c‐Src crosstalk
Authors: Chen Tangting , Dong Jinling , Zhou Haiyan , Deng Xin , Li Rong , Chen Ni , Luo Mao , Li Yongjie , Wu Jianbo , Wang Liqun
Published: July 2020

Glycation of extracellular matrix proteins has been demonstrated to contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular complications. However, no previous report has shown the role of glycated fibronectin (FN) in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐induced angiogenesis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of glycated FN on VEGF signalling and to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved. FN was incubated with methylglyoxal (MGO) in vitro to synthesize glycated FN, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded onto unmodified and MGO‐glycated FN. Then, VEGF‐induced angiogenesis and VEGF‐induced VEGF receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) signalling activation were measured. The results demonstrated that normal FN‐positive bands (260 kD) vanished and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) appeared in MGO‐glycated FN and glycated FN clearly changed to a higher molecular mass. The glycation of FN inhibited VEGF‐induced VEGF receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2), Akt and ERK1/2 activation and VEGF‐induced cell migration, proliferation and tube formation. The glycation of FN also inhibited the recruitment of c‐Src to VEGFR‐2 by sequestering c‐Src through receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and the anti‐RAGE antibody restored VEGF‐induced VEGFR‐2, Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, endothelial cell migration, proliferation and tube formation. Furthermore, the glycation of FN significantly inhibited VEGF‐induced neovascularization in the Matrigel plugs implanted into subcutaneous tissue of mice. Taken together, these data suggest that the glycation of FN may inhibit VEGF signalling and VEGF‐induced angiogenesis by uncoupling VEGFR‐2‐c‐Src interaction. This may provide a novel mechanism for the impaired angiogenesis in diabetic ischaemic diseases.
Legal Instrument Choice in the European Union
Authors: Hurka Steffen , Steinebach Yves
Published: July 2020

Regulations and directives are the central legal instruments used by the EU. In some instances, the Commission is not legally required to choose a specific legal instrument, but can make this decision autonomously. However, we know surprisingly little about the factors that influence this decision. Based on an original dataset of all directives and regulations proposed by the European Commission in ordinary legislative procedures between 2009 and 2018, we find that the choice of a legal instrument is strongly determined by prior policy decisions and varies systematically across policy areas depending on the extent to which they have traditionally been addressed under the co‐decision procedure. In addition, we find that the Commission's use of regulations increases under conditions of increased euroscepticism, indicating that instead of granting dissenting member states more room to manoeuvre, the Commission prefers to keep them on a short leash.
Female sperm storage mediates post‐copulatory costs and benefits of ejaculate anticipatory plasticity in the guppy
Authors: Cardozo Gabriela , Devigili Alessandro , Antonelli Pietro , Pilastro Andrea
Published: July 2020

Males of many species evolved the capability of adjusting their ejaculate phenotype in response to social cues to match the expected mating conditions. When females store sperm for a prolonged time, the expected fitness return of plastic adjustments of ejaculate phenotype may depend on the interval between mating and fertilization. Although prolonged female sperm storage (FSS) increases the opportunity for sperm competition, as a consequence of the longer temporal overlap of ejaculates from several males, it may also create variable selective forces on ejaculate phenotype, for example by exposing trade‐offs between sperm velocity and sperm survival. We evaluated the relationship between the plasticity of ejaculate quality and FSS in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, a polyandrous live‐bearing fish in which females store sperm for several months and where stored sperm contribute significantly to a male's lifelong reproductive success. In this species, males respond to the perception of future mating opportunities by increasing the quantity (number) and quality (swimming velocity) of ready‐to‐use sperm (an anticipatory response called ‘sperm priming’). Here we investigated (a) the effect of sperm priming on in vitro sperm viability at stripping and its temporal decline (as an estimate of sperm survival), and (b) the in vivo competitive fertilization success in relation to female sperm storage using artificial insemination. As expected, sperm‐primed males produced more numerous and faster sperm, but with a reduced in vitro sperm viability at stripping and after 4 hr, compared with their counterparts. Artificial insemination revealed that the small (nonsignificant) advantage of primed sperm when fertilization immediately follows insemination is reversed when eggs are fertilized by female‐stored sperm, weeks after insemination. By suggesting a plastic trade‐off between sperm velocity and viability, these results demonstrate that prolonged female sperm storage generates divergent selection pressures on ejaculate phenotype.
Automatic sorting of fresh tea leaves using vision‐based recognition method
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , He Leiying , Ye Yang , Chen Jianneng , Sun Liang , Wu Chuanyu , Chen Lin , Wang Rongyang
Published: July 2020

Mechanical tea harvesting using plucking machines is highly efficient, but harvested raw fresh tea leaves (FTLs) are always low quality because they contain a mixture of old leaves and leaf debris. To address this problem, this study developed an automatic sorting machine with a vision‐based recognition method to extract high‐quality FTLs from plucked raw FTLs. First, the raw FTLs were separated one by one after passing through three sequential conveyor belts with increasing speed, and were then classified into four grades using a vision‐based recognition method. Finally, the FTLs were blown by air nozzles into collection boxes according to their specific grade. In the recognition method, the shape‐based feature of each FTL is extracted by establishing the FTL's topological structure, and the support vector machine model is used for classification. The experimental results revealed that the vision‐based recognition method performed satisfactorily with an accuracy rate of 94% and precision rate of 85%. The sorting success rate and efficiency of the automatic sorting machine were approximately 80% and 15 kg hr−1, respectively. The results indicate that the developed automatic sorting machine can effectively and efficiently sort raw FTLs, which may improve the profitability and promote the automation of tea processing.
Google search trends in onychomycosis: Influences of flip flops and advertising
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Quinlan Emma M.
Published: July 2020

Background

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail, affecting 5.5% of the population. Individuals affected by this disease experience increased anxiety about this disorder and a decreased quality of life. There are multiple available treatments across the globe, leading people to search online for information on the various therapies.

Aims

To analyze Google search trends of fungal infection and treatment keywords and the influence of different geographical locations, season, regulatory decisions, and advertisements on these trends.

Methods

In May, 2020 we used Google Trends to determine the relative interest of various fungal infection and treatment keywords worldwide and in the US, the UK, Canada, and Australia. Notable peaks were investigated for contemporaneous news events.

Results

In general, searches for toenail fungus and associated treatment terms peak during the summer months. Interest in individual treatments peaks when a product is launched, is the subject of an advertising campaign, or becomes more available to the public through approval or reclassification. Yeast infection, thrush, and ringworm terms are consistently searched more often than toenail fungus, jock itch, or foot fungus; all terms are most popular in the summer months, with toenail fungus reaching annual popularity one month prior to jock itch.

Discussion

In general, interest in toenail fungus and treatments is the highest when social anxiety about toenail appearance and the occurrence of fungal infection is the greatest. Curiosity about treatment products increases with their availability and visibility to the public. Combining the power of seasonal interest and advertising generates the greatest search profile for onychomycosis treatments.
The relationship between effort–reward imbalance and empathy among clinical nurses: A cross‐sectional online survey
Authors: Kong Lingling , Li Wencai , Wang Hongmei , Xu Ning , Xu Qing , Sun Li , Chen Hongying , Liu Jiangtao , Bi Yongxia , Szto Peter
Published: July 2020

Aims and objectives

To understand the factors that influence nurses empathy towards patients and to explore its influence on effort–reward imbalance involving empathy.

Background

Empathy is highly valued in nurse–patient relationships. However, currently, little evidence currently exists on the impact of work‐related stress measured by effort–reward imbalance and empathy.

Design

An anonymous, cross‐sectional online survey using a sample of convenient was conducted.

Methods

Convenient online sampling was conducted with select nurses from seven cities in Shandong province, China. The nurses worked in clinical settings in 10 different hospitals. Two questionnaires, for example the Effort‐Reward Imbalance Questionnaire and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, were used. Medians, percentages, related analysis and regression analysis were used to measure the relationship between Effort‐Reward Imbalance and empathy levels among nurses in China. In addition, this study adhered to the EQUATOR checklist, STROBE (see Supplementary file 1).

Results

Among 1,077 participants, 26.5% stated experiencing an Effort‐Reward Imbalance, with a mean empathy score among Chinese nurses, was 109.78 ± 13.98. Multiple regression analysis revealed that females and head nurses had higher levels of empathy, and that those who had no experience learning about empathy‐related courses and an Effort‐Reward Imbalance ratio were negatively associated with empathy.

Conclusions

Gender, department, position, experience learning about empathy‐related courses and Effort‐Reward Imbalance ratio were significant elements related to nurses’ empathy levels.

Relevance to clinical practice

As we all know, empathy can affect the relationship between nurse and patient. If nurses are in an Effort‐Reward Imbalance, they may have less empathy. It is advised to improve the reward level of nurses, so that the level of empathy towards patients is enhanced.
Resident learning trajectories in the workplace: A self‐regulated learning analysis
Authors: Brydges Ryan , Tran Judy , Goffi Alberto , Lee Christie , Miller Daniel , Mylopoulos Maria
Published: July 2020

Context

Research in workplace learning has emphasised trainees’ active role in their education. By focusing on how trainees fine‐tune their strategic learning, theories of self‐regulated learning (SRL) offer a unique lens to study workplace learning. To date, studies of SRL in the workplace tend to focus on listing the factors affecting learning, rather than on the specific mechanisms trainees use to regulate their goal‐directed activities. To inform the design of workplace learning interventions that better support SRL, we asked: How do residents navigate their exposure to and experience performing invasive procedures in intensive care units?

Methods

In two academic hospitals, we conducted post‐call debriefs with residents coming off shift and later sought their elaborated perspectives via semi‐structured interviews. We used a constant comparative methodology to analyse the data, to iteratively refine data collection, and to inform abductive coding of the data, using SRL principles as sensitising concepts.

Results

We completed 29 debriefs and nine interviews with 24 trainees. Participants described specific mechanisms: identifying, creating, avoiding, missing and competing for opportunities to perform invasive procedures. While using these mechanisms to engage with procedures (or not), participants reported: distinguishing trajectories (i.e. becoming attuned to task‐relevant factors), navigating trajectories (i.e. creating and interacting with opportunities to perform procedures), and co‐constructing trajectories with their peers, supervisors and interprofessional team members.

Conclusions

We identified specific SRL mechanisms trainees used to distinguish and navigate possible learning trajectories. We also confirmed previous findings, including that trainees become attuned to interactions between personal, behavioural and environmental factors (SRL theory), and that their resulting learning behaviours are constrained and guided by interactions with peers, supervisors and colleagues (workplace learning theory). Making learning trajectories explicit for clinician teachers may help them support trainees in prioritising certain trajectories, in progressing along each trajectory, and in co‐constructing their plans for navigating them.
Maternal behaviors of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) on a summer foraging site
Authors: Burnham Rianna E. , Duffus David A.
Published: July 2020

The weaning period for gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) calves is important for maternal instruction and learning. We examined observational and acoustic data from a foraging site for evidence of calf development and mother‐young information transfer. Site survey data demonstrated an initial prioritization of calf protection by using shallow shoreline areas. Foraging in more open water was only noted in late summer, perhaps an indicator of the maturation of the calf. Other indicators of development were found in acoustic recordings made over two summers. Motherese call types have been reported from recordings made in breeding lagoons, but have not before been described outside of calving regions. They were present in recordings from this study site, predominantly in the early summer and not heard past late July. We suggest vocal repertoire may evolve as the calf ages, and more adult calling behaviors eventually replace motherese. Long‐term mark‐recapture analyses demonstrated a high return of calves to the area to forage in summers subsequent to weaning, suggesting maternally inherited prey preference and site use behaviors. From our findings we suggest a calf's first summer is a highly critical period for development and may be formative in shaping future behaviors and habitat use patterns.
Morphometric evaluation of the alveolar bone around central incisors during surgical orthodontic treatment of high‐angle skeletal class III malocclusion
Authors: Ma Huimin , Li Weiran , Xu Li , Hou Jianxia , Wang Xiaoxia , Ding Shuai , Lv Hangmiao , Li Xiaotong
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To evaluate morphometric characteristics of alveolar bone around the incisors of high‐angle skeletal class III patients receiving surgical orthodontic treatment.

Setting and Sample Population

Thirty high‐angle skeletal class III patients (mean age, 20.94 ± 3.25 years) underwent cone‐beam computed tomography before treatment (T0), after pre‐surgical orthodontic treatment (T1) and after treatment (T2).

Materials and Methods

The vertical bone level (VBL), alveolar bone thickness (ABT), alveolar bone area (ABA) and position of upper and lower central incisors (UCIs and LCIs) were evaluated. The ABT included five levels (4, 6, 8 mm from the cemento‐enamel junction, midroot and root apex level). One‐way repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple‐comparison test and matched t test was performed to compare variables.

Results

Before treatment, the average labial ABT was approximately 1 mm in UCIs and 0.38 ~ 0.79 mm in LCIs, and the VBL of the LCIs was over 2 mm. After treatment, the VBL increased by 2.19 ± 1.96 mm (P < .001) on the lingual side of UCIs and 2.78 ± 2.29 mm and 3.09 ± 2.52 mm on the labial and lingual sides of LCIs, respectively (all P < .001). ABT at every level decreased significantly, decreasing by 1.66 ± 1.93 mm at the 8 mm level of UCIs and 1.06 ± 1.01 mm at the apex of LCIs (P < .001). The lingual ABA of UCIs and LCIs decreased by over 50% (P < .001).

Conclusions

In high‐angle skeletal class III patients, the condition of alveolar bone around UCIs and LCIs was extremely poor before treatment. Further alveolar bone resorption occurred during surgical orthodontic treatment. More attention should be paid to the movement of anterior teeth in cases of severe alveolar bone loss.
Associations between osteoporosis and risk of periodontitis: A pooled analysis of observational studies
Authors: Xu Shuai , Zhang Gang , Guo Jun‐feng , Tan Ying‐hui
Published: July 2020

Background

Periodontitis and osteoporosis are most popular among aging population and both conditions might be linked, even though, this suggestion still until now debated.

Objectives

A meta‐analysis on previous investigations has been used to evaluate the correlation between periodontitis and osteoporosis to determine whether osteoporosis is a local indicator of bone loss, or whether it is depending on or related to periodontitis causes.

Methods

The literature database, including but not excluding, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Science Citation Index Expanded, was searched in this work during Feb, 2020. We conducted the investigations contain cohort studies, cross‐sectional studies, as well as case–control studies with relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup and Sensitivity analysis were also applied to identify heterogeneity sources.

Results

23 observational studies with 12 cohorts, 7 cross‐sectional and 4 case–control studies, were included, together with 2,157,037 participants. Osteoporosis patients were more exposed to periodontitis (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.50–2.54). Subgroup analyses showed that the higher risk of osteoporosis in periodontitis patients exists in both cross‐sectional studies (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.80–2.61) and case–control studies (OR 2.63; 95% CI, 1.69–4.09), and marginally in cohort studies (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.16–2.49).

Conclusion

Review analyses have shown that osteoporosis is closely related to the increased risk of periodontitis in the future. Dental specialists better to understand the potential association between periodontitis and osteoporosis.
DNA Damage Induced by Late Spring Sunlight in Antarctica
Authors: Fuentes‐León Fabiana , Peres de Oliveira Andressa , Quintero‐Ruiz Nathalia , Munford Veridiana , Satoru Kajitani Gustavo , Coimbra Brum Antônio , Schuch André Passaglia , Colepicolo Pio , Sánchez‐Lamar Angel , Menck Carlos Frederico Martins
Published: July 2020

Sunlight ultraviolet (UV) radiation constitutes an important environmental genotoxic agent that organisms are exposed to, as it can damage DNA directly, generating pyrimidine dimers, and indirectly, generating oxidized bases and single‐strand breaks (SSBs). These lesions can lead to mutations, triggering skin and eye disorders, including carcinogenesis and photoaging. Stratospheric ozone layer depletion, particularly in the Antarctic continent, predicts an uncertain scenario of UV incidence on the Earth in the next decades. This research evaluates the DNA damage caused by environmental exposure to late spring sunlight in the Antarctic Peninsula, where the ozone layer hole is more pronounced. These experiments were performed at the Brazilian Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station, at King’s George Island, South Shetlands Islands. For comparison, tropical regions were also analyzed. Samples of plasmid DNA were exposed to sunlight. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), oxidized base damage and SSBs were detected using specific enzymes. In addition, an immunological approach was used to detect CPDs. The results reveal high levels of DNA damage induced by exposure under the Antarctic sunlight, inversely correlated with ozone layer thickness, confirming the high impact of ozone layer depletion on the DNA damaging action of sunlight in Antarctica.
Individual Disaster Assistance For Socially Vulnerable People: Lessons Learned From the Pohang Earthquake in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Jeong Seunghoo , Kim Byeong Je , Lee Young‐Joo , Chung Ji‐Bum , Sim Sung‐Han
Published: July 2020

The Republic of Korea has been considered to be relatively safe from earthquake hazards because of the geological location of the Korean Peninsula, which has a low level of intraplate seismic activity. However, an earthquake with a moment magnitude of 5.4 struck the city of Pohang on November 15, 2017, causing 90 casualties and 52 million USD in property losses. During the recovery process after the earthquake, the Korean government provided individual disaster assistance to victims who reported their damages. However, the government disaster assistance could have been unfairly distributed among the socially vulnerable victims who essentially relied on that assistance. This study identifies whether the government disaster assistance was fairly distributed to socially vulnerable victims using a statistical model based on the data from the Pohang earthquake that occurred in 2017 in Korea. A conceptual model was constructed using a structural equation model (SEM) of three factors—social vulnerability, physical vulnerability, and the amount paid out in individual disaster assistance. Furthermore, interviews with and a survey of the victims were conducted to verify the problems identified by the conceptual model. This study found that socially vulnerable victims were less likely to take advantage of the government disaster assistance program.
Attractive memory: High destination memory for attractive faces
Authors: El Haj Mohamad , Ndobo André
Published: July 2020

Research has demonstrated that destination memory (i.e., the ability to remember to whom information was previously told) can be influenced by characteristics (e.g., emotional expressions and age) of the destination. Building on this literature, we investigated whether destination memory can be influenced by the attractiveness of the destination. We invited participants to give information on attractive faces, unattractive faces, or neither‐attractive‐nor‐unattractive faces. On a recognition test, they were invited to decide to whom each piece of information had been previously told. Results demonstrated higher destination memory (1) for attractive faces than for neither‐attractive‐nor‐unattractive faces, and (2) for unattractive faces than for neither‐attractive‐nor‐unattractive faces. We attribute the higher destination memory for attractive and unattractive destinations to their distinctiveness compared with neutrally attractive destinations. We also provide some attentional explanations for the high memory for attractive and unattractive destinations.
Latent profile analysis of physical activity and sedentary behavior with mortality risk: A 15‐year follow‐up
Authors: von Rosen Philip , Dohrn Ing‐Mari , Hagströmer Maria
Published: July 2020

By exploring multiple characteristics of physical activity and sedentary behavior (SB), different physical activity profiles could be obtained, which may be beneficial for health and targeted physical activity interventions. The aim of this study was to identify distinct physical activity profiles based on accelerometer‐derived activity characteristics and to determine whether these profiles are associated with all‐cause mortality. Eight hundred fifty‐one participants (56% women, mean age: 53 years) provided objectively assessed physical activity data using an ActiGraph accelerometer and were followed for 15 years. Physical activity profiles were determined using latent profile analyses of 14 derived activity variables, resulting in that three profiles were identified: “Low Active” (n = 147), “Average Active” (n = 397), and “High Active” (n = 307). “Low Active” was characterized by participants with low absolute, relative, and limited variation of time spent in physical activity, and high time spent in SB. “Average Active” had the most balanced movement behavior with values close to the mean for all activity variables. “High Active” was characterized by participants with high absolute, relative, and great variation of time spent in physical activity. Overall, a potentially non‐linear pattern between multiple activity variables and all‐cause mortality was found as “Low Active” was significantly (P < .05) positively associated with all‐cause mortality, and no difference in mortality risk was found between “High Active” and “Average Active.” Our data suggest that day‐to‐day variation in SB is not associated with all‐cause mortality. The important message is to keep the overall time spent in SB low and replace this behavior with physical activity.
CrebA increases secretory capacity through direct transcriptional regulation of the secretory machinery, a subset of secretory cargo, and other key regulators
Authors: Johnson Dorothy M. , Wells Michael B. , Fox Rebecca , Lee Joslynn S. , Loganathan Rajprasad , Levings Daniel , Bastien Abigail , Slattery Matthew , Andrew Deborah J.
Published: July 2020

Specialization of many cells, including the acinar cells of the salivary glands and pancreas, milk‐producing cells of mammary glands, mucus‐secreting goblet cells, antibody‐producing plasma cells, and cells that generate the dense extracellular matrices of bone and cartilage, requires scaling up both secretory machinery and cell‐type specific secretory cargo. Using tissue‐specific genome‐scale analyses, we determine how increases in secretory capacity are coordinated with increases in secretory load in the Drosophila salivary gland (SG), an ideal model for gaining mechanistic insight into the functional specialization of secretory organs. Our findings show that CrebA, a bZIP transcription factor, directly binds genes encoding the core secretory machinery, including protein components of the signal recognition particle and receptor, ER cargo translocators, Cop I and Cop II vesicles, as well as the structural proteins and enzymes of these organelles. CrebA directly binds a subset of SG cargo genes and CrebA binds and boosts expression of Sage, a SG‐specific transcription factor essential for cargo expression. To further enhance secretory output, CrebA binds and activates Xbp1 and Tudor‐SN. Thus, CrebA directly upregulates the machinery of secretion and additional factors to increase overall secretory capacity in professional secretory cells; concomitant increases in cargo are achieved both directly and indirectly.
A functionally neutral single chain antibody to measure beta‐1 integrin uptake and recycling
Authors: Lakoduk Ashley M. , Kadlecova Zuzana , Schmid Sandra L.
Published: July 2020

Integrin‐mediated cell adhesion and signaling are critical for many physiological processes. The dynamic turnover of integrins and their associated adhesion complexes through endocytic and recycling pathways has emerged as an important mechanism for controlling cell migration and invasion in cancer. Thus, the regulation of integrin trafficking and how this may be altered by disease‐specific molecular mechanisms has generated considerable interest. However, current tools available to study integrin trafficking may cause artifacts and/or do not provide adequate kinetic information. Here, we report the generation of a functionally neutral and monovalent single chain antibody to quantitatively and qualitatively measure β1 integrin trafficking in cells. Our novel probe can be used in a variety of assays and allows for the biochemical characterization of rapid recycling of endogenous integrins. We also demonstrate its potential utility in live cell imaging, providing proof of principle to guide future integrin probe design.
On‐site wastewater treatment using reactive filter media
Authors: Mažeikienė Aušra , Šarko Julita
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to reduce the phosphate concentration in treated wastewater using a small amount of the reactive filter media, Filtralite P. Biologically treated wastewater was passed through a filter with 215 g of Filtralite P. In the laboratory, the phosphate removal efficiency was 51% at a flow speed of 0.87 m/h. Under real conditions, in an experimental stand filled with 0.5 m3 of Filtralite P, the phosphate removal efficiency was 85% and the removal efficiency of total suspended solids was 57% after a 5‐month period. The residual phosphate concentration in the filtrate from the experimental stand was 1 mg/L of PO4‐P after the 5‐month period. The experimental filtration plant was buried in the ground, and it did not freeze and worked well under winter conditions. The results of this study can be useful in the design and development of tertiary wastewater treatment plants in view of their sustainability potential.
Robust Constrained Trajectory Tracking Control for Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Disturbance Observers
Authors: Zhu Bing , Chen Mou , Li Tao
Published: July 2020

In this paper, a trajectory tracking control scheme for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) under unknown external disturbance and input saturation is developed. This scheme includes the position control system and attitude control one, in which the attitude control system is further divided into the fast loop for angular velocity and the slow one for attitude angle based on time-scale separation principle. Then, an input constrained dynamic surface control scheme combined with a disturbance observer is designed to achieve the total thrust, desired roll, and pitch angle in the position control system. For the coupled attitude system, a dynamic surface control scheme together with generalized model predictive controller (GMPC) is proposed to tackle both the fast loop system and the slow one. Since the unknown external disturbance and input saturation are considered, a sliding mode disturbance observer (SMDO) is further designed to achieve the strong robustness. Finally, some simulation results are presented to show robustness and effectiveness of our proposed tracking scheme.
Region-Reaching Control of a Flexible-Joint Manipulator
Authors: Yu J. W. , Zhang X. H. , Ji J. C. , Tian J. Y. , Zhou J.
Published: July 2020

This paper addresses the region-reaching control problem for a flexible-joint robotic manipulator which is formulated by Lagrangian dynamics. An adaptive control scheme is proposed for the manipulator system having two constrained regions which are constructed by selecting appropriate objective functions. The two joints of the flexible-joint manipulator can be, respectively, confined in different regions, and this gives more flexibility than the traditional fixed-point tracking control. By performing a straightforward Lyapunov stability analysis, a simple control algorithm is established to provide a solution for the region-reaching control problem. Finally, numerical simulations are given to validate the theoretical results.
First report of hybridization between Mauremys leprosa and Mauremys sinensis highlights the risk of exotic Mauremys spp. pet trade
Authors: Sancho Vicente , Lacomba Ignacio , Bataller José Vicente , Veríssimo Joana , Velo-Antón Guillermo
Published: July 2020

The global exponential growth in the number of exotic turtle species exploited in the pet trade market facilitates hybridization events between distantly related species. The 1997 EU trade ban on red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans), followed by the Spanish ban on all T. scripta subspecies in 2011, resulted in the importation of other chelonians (e.g. Graptemys spp., Pseudemys spp., Mauremys spp.), mainly from America and Asia to Spain. The importation of the Chinese stripe-necked pond turtle, Mauremys sinensis, via the pet trade market resulted in its release into natural environments across Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula where it co-occurs with the Western Mediterranean pond turtle, Mauremys leprosa. We maintained three M. leprosa females and two M. sinensis males in captivity, and analysed the obtained offspring (two hatchlings) with mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and nuclear (R35) genetic markers. Both morphological (i.e. with intermediate morphological characters) and genetic (heterozygous hatchlings) results confirmed the hybridization between these two species and raise concern about the negative effects of acclimatised Mauremys sinensis across the Mauremys leprosa range.
Sound absorption theory for micro-perforated panel with petal-shaped perforations
Authors: Xu Zhimin , He Wei , Peng Xiangjun , Xin Fengxian , Lu Tian Jian
Published: July 2020

Micro-perforated panel (MPP) absorbers with circular perforations are used in many noise control applications due to their attractive wide-brand sound absorption performance. Different from a common MPP with circular perforations, a unique type of MPP absorber with petal-shaped perforations is proposed. The sound absorption theory for the MPP with petal-shaped perforations is developed by accurately considering the fluid velocity in the petal-shaped perforation hole. This theory can account for the effect of altered perforation morphology (from circular to petal) on sound absorption. Finite element simulations are performed to validate the proposed theory, with good agreement achieved. The sound absorption of MPP with petal-shaped perforations is compared with that of the traditional MPP with the same porosity. It is demonstrated that the change in hole shape significantly modifies the fluid velocity field and the flow resistivity in/of the hole, and hence the sound absorption of the proposed MPP with petal-shaped perforations can outperform that of the traditional MPP in the considered case. This work proposes a general MPP theory that not only contains the classical Maa's theory for circular MPP, but also accounts for the MPP with petal-shaped perforations.
Evaluating Girls on the Run in Promoting Positive Youth Development: Group Comparisons on Life Skills Transfer and Social Processes
Authors: Weiss Maureen R. , Kipp Lindsay E. , Phillips Reichter Alison , Bolter Nicole D.
Published: July 2020

Purpose: Girls on the Run (GOTR), a physical activity-based positive youth development program, uses running as a platform to teach life skills and promote healthy behaviors. In this companion paper of our comprehensive project, the authors evaluated program impact on positive youth development by comparing GOTR participants to youth in other organized activities (Sport and physical education [PE]) on life skills transfer and social processes. Qualitative methods complemented quantitative data through interviews with GOTR stakeholders. Method: The participants included 215 girls in GOTR and 692 girls in the same grades and schools who did not participate in GOTR (Sport = 485; PE = 207). They completed self-report measures of life skills transfer, peer and coach relatedness, and coach autonomy support at the season’s end. GOTR subsamples of girls, coaches, caregivers, and school personnel participated in focus groups. Results: Girls in GOTR compared favorably to the Sport and PE girls on all life skills—managing emotions, resolving conflicts, helping others, and making intentional decisions—and to the PE girls for all 3 social processes. The GOTR and Sport girls did not differ on coach relatedness and autonomy support, but the Sport girls rated teammate relatedness higher. The GOTR girls’ scores on life skills transfer remained stable at a 3-month follow-up assessment. Stakeholders in the focus groups shared corroborating evidence that, through participating in GOTR, girls learn skills that generalize to school and home contexts. Conclusion: Using comparison groups, a retention assessment, and mixed methods, the findings provide evidence that GOTR is effective in teaching skills and strategies that generalize to broader life domains. The processes that explain group differences on life skills transfer include GOTR’s intentional curriculum of skill-building activities delivered by coaches within a caring and autonomy-supportive climate.
Officials gird for a war on vaccine misinformation
Authors: Cornwall Warren
Published: July 2020

Fears of a rushed COVID-19 vaccine and rise of social media demand new messaging strategy.
Better homes and safer spaces
The Great Indoors
Emily Anthes
Scientific American/Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2020. 304 pp.
Authors: Brown Barbara
Published: July 2020

Evidence-based indoor design is more important than ever
Tracing cell trajectories in a biofilm
Authors: Dal Co Alma , Brenner Michael P.
Published: July 2020

Single bacterial cells are programmed to form multicellular structures
When do fish succumb to heat?
Authors: Sunday Jennifer
Published: July 2020

Greater sensitivity in fish reproductive stages reveals vulnerability to climate change
The Effects of Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Fungicide Dose and Mixture on Development of Resistance in
Venturia inaequalis
Authors: Ayer Katrin M. , Choi Mei-Wah , Smart Stephanie T. , Moffett April E. , Cox Kerik D.
Published: July 2020

Of much debate is the effect of fungicide application dose on resistance development, as fungicide resistance is a critical barrier to effective disease management in agricultural systems. Our field study in apples investigated the effect of fungicide application dose and mixture on the selection of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor resistance in
Venturia inaequalis,
a fungal pathogen that causes the economically important disease apple scab. Understanding how to best delay the development of resistance can result in increased efficacy, fewer applications, and sustainable fungicide use. Results from this study may have relevance to other perennial crops that require multiple fungicide applications and that are impacted by the development of resistance.
Lynch syndrome-associated colorectal cancer in a 16-year-old girl due to ade novo MSH2mutation
Authors: Zajo Kristin , Colace Susan I , Mouhlas Danielle , Erdman Steven H
Published: July 2020

The diagnosis of paediatric colorectal cancer is an unusual finding often diagnosed at an advanced stage with associated poor survival. Paediatric colorectal cancer warrants investigation for hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes, including Lynch syndrome. Here we describe a 16-year-old girl who presented with a stage IIA mucinous adenocarcinoma of the descending colon (T3 N0 M0) treated by resection alone that was associated with a pathogenic germline mutation ofMSH2(c.1786_1788delAAT (p.Asn596del)). This previously described mutation was not found in either parent or her three siblings. To our knowledge, this is the earliest reported case of paediatric Lynch syndrome-associated colorectal cancer byde novomutation ofMSH2. This case illustrates that although Lynch syndrome is typically described as an adult-onset cancer syndrome, Lynch syndrome-associated colorectal cancer can be found in children and adolescents. Genetic testing should be considered as a part of the initial evaluation in these patients.
Bilateral adrenal haemorrhage secondary to rivaroxaban in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Arosemena Marilyn A , Rodriguez Andres , Ediriweera Hasini
Published: July 2020

A 46-year-old man with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and previous pulmonary embolism on anticoagulation with rivaroxaban was brought in to the hospital after a syncopal episode. He was found to be hypotensive and tachycardic and later admitted to the intensive care unit. Clinical presentation and laboratory findings were consistent with adrenal insufficiency. MRI revealed bilateral adrenal haemorrhage and he received appropriate steroid replacement therapy. Symptoms slowly subsided and anticoagulation regimen was changed to warfarin. Adrenal haemorrhage was likely caused by APS and rivaroxaban, which brings into question whether novel oral anticoagulants are safe in this patient population.
Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus
Authors: Kondo Yuki , Miyazaki Shinichi , Yamashita Ryo , Ikeda Takuya
Published: July 2020

Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been an international public health emergency. The possibility of COVID-19 should be considered primarily in patients with new-onset fever or respiratory tract symptoms. However, these symptoms can occur with other viral respiratory illnesses. We reported a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza A virus coinfection. During the epidemic, the possibility of COVID-19 should be considered regardless of positive findings for other pathogens.