bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factores de riesgos psicosociales y su relación con las conductas violentas en la familia
Authors: Lora Carrillo Lesby Johanna
Published: September 2016

El objetivo de este estudio es establecer la relación entre los factores psicosociales y conductas violentas en las familias de estrato 1, 2 y 3 de la ciudad de Valledupar y de sus principales consecuencias que se pueden generar por la no detección temprana de alertas. El punto de partida, se dio a partir de la aplicación de una escala de medición para las familias, que permitieran determinar principalmente los Factores de Riesgo Psicosocial en niños, niñas y adolescente y poder prevenir conductas violentas y autodestructivas en ellos. Esta investigación entiende la familia como una institución social que es el eje y el apoyo para sus integrantes, en donde se da y se recibe el amor tan necesario para el desarrollo saludable de los individuos y esta se ve seriamente lastimada cuando se instituye el abuso, la violencia y el maltrato como sistema de relación entre sus miembros. El tipo de estudio de esta investigación es no experimental correlacional de cohorte transversal, se evaluaron a los 283 familias. Los resultados evidencian que existe una relación significativa entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial y las conductas violentas en las familias asociados con la pautas de crianza.
La Seguridad Ciudadana una epistemología de corresponsabilidad y participación hacia una cultura de paz en una sociedad carcelaria una visión Venezolana
Authors: Armas de Requena Midalys Ysabel
Published: September 2016

Se evidencia  la necesidad de enfatizar en como enfoque pedagógico investigativo, de las diversas situaciones sociales en que las comunidades se ven inmersas, y analizar con profundidad los elementos que aporten a comprender la realidad que oprime y confina la libertad de pensamiento y de acción dentro de una sociedad. Asimismo, este  estudio está enmarcado dentro del artículo de reflexión donde se describe la situación en general de la sociedad carcelaria y la visión protagónica de la sociedad enmarcado en el paradigma interpretativo en una investigación social nos permitirá conocer las motivaciones, significaciones y el desarrollo de su mundo dentro de las normas y las leyes de políticas públicas Venezolana y las formas de organización penitenciaras,  y  como se ha desarrollado la cultura carcelaria dentro de la sociedad.
Fortalezas y debilidades del proceso de reintegración de mujeres desmovilizadas en Colombia
Authors: Camargo Alzate Elizabeth
Published: September 2016

Este artículo se presenta como resultado de una investigación exploratoria que se enmarcó en un enfoque cualitativo y documental. El principal objetivo de este artículo es presentar los hallazgos de la investigación principal, como fortalezas o como debilidades en el proceso de reintegración de mujeres desmovilizadas y, a manera de reflexión, insistir en la necesidad de participación conjunta de las entidades del Estado y de la sociedad civil para generar oportunidades de desarrollo personal a los desmovilizados. Los principales hallazgos de esta investigación se clasificaron dentro de las dimensiones personal, productiva y familiar, aportando al reconocimiento de las fallas en el proceso de reintegración de mujeres.
La mediación comunitaria y/o vecinal como alternativa en escenarios de conflictividad territorial: el caso de las unidades de justicia vecinal en Chile
Authors: Quinteros Flores Christian Andrés
Published: September 2016

Crecientemente el uso del suelo en el espacio local genera nuevos problemas de convivencia en la comunidad: nuevas zonificaciones o espacios urbanísticos modificados condicionan las relaciones entre los vecinos residentes y nuevos habitantes. Conflictos de territorialidad, de sociabilidad, de patrimonio, surgen de esta manera en estas nuevas configuraciones territoriales. En Chile, los planes reguladores se convierten en un instrumento de gestión comunal que cada cierto tiempo modifican las zonas de uso de suelo, modificando con ello las dinámicas comunitarias. La técnica de la mediación se ha ampliado en Chile desde espacios tradicionales como el escolar o el familiar a espacios menos tradicionales como el comunitario o vecinal. Sin embargo, en este último ámbito su utilización en Chile hoy es muy incipiente y reviste desafíos a la institucionalidad y a quienes la operan en el marco de la nueva gestión pública. Este artículo busca contextualizar sociohistóricamente la práctica de la mediación comunitaria en Chile y presentar nueva evidencia a partir de la revisión de los casos de los Centros de Mediación Vecinal establecidos por el Estado en las comunas de  Cerrillos y Paine .
At the crossroads between literature, culture, linguistics, and cognition: local character-based metaphors in fairy tales
Authors: Herrero Ruiz Javier
Published: September 2016

This paper resumes the series devoted to metaphors in fairy tales (cf. Herrero 2005a, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2010). We attempt to show how five conceptual metaphors (PEOPLE ARE ANIMALS, PEOPLE ARE PLANTS, IMPERFECT IS IRREGULAR, LOVE IS MAGIC, and REAL PEOPLE ARE FICTITIOUS CHARACTERS) and their variants may occur at a local level in the narration, allowing us to understand the magical depiction of characters and some of the relationships they may establish in the tales under analysis.The tales, which were compiled by the British author Andrew Lang (1844-1912), are representative of different cultures and have been downloaded from the Project Gutenberg online library. Our research also supports Herrero’s claims that (1) conceptual metaphor may serve as a taxonomic criterion for tales, and that (2) although many of these stories belong to different socio-cultural settings, they are coincident with the same plots and local metaphors employed, which may be a result of their strong experiential basis.
Wydarzenia we Francji w pierwszych miesiącach rewolucji (maj–październik 1789 roku) w świetle doniesień ambasadora Szwecji w Paryżu (Wersalu) Erika Magnusa Staëla von Holsteina
Authors: Anusik Zbigniew
Published: September 2016

Erik Magnus Staël von Holstein (1749–1802) był szwedzkim żołnierzem i dyplomatą. W listopadzie 1783 r. został mianowany ambasadorem na dworze francuskim. W styczniu 1786 r. poślubił Annę Louisę Germaine Necker, córkę szwajcarskiego bankiera i jednego z najbogatszych ludzi we Francji – Jacquesa. Po ślubie z córką wpływowego polityka, jakim był Necker, pozycja ambasadora Szwecji we Francji była zupełnie wyjątkowa. Był on bowiem bardzo dobrze widziany zarówno w Wersalu, gdzie cieszył się sympatią Ludwika XVI, Marii Antoniny, książąt krwi, szlachty i dworzan, jak i w Paryżu, gdzie przez swojego teścia nawiązał kontakty ze środowiskiem finansistów, kupców i szlachty urzędniczej. Staël von Holstein był także znakomitym obserwatorem francuskiej sceny politycznej. Jego poglądy polityczne skłaniały go do popierania koncepcji monarchii konstytucyjnej. Z tego powodu potępiał despotyzm zarówno Ludwika XVI, jak i swojego króla – Gustawa III. Przez współczesnych był uważany za arystokratycznego liberała. Po objęciu funkcji oficjalnego reprezentanta interesów króla Szwecji na dworze wersalskim Erik Magnus Staël von Holstein przesyłał do Sztokholmu bardzo interesujące raporty dyplomatyczne, w których odnotowywał wszystkie ważniejsze wydarzenia polityczne zachodzące we Francji. W okresie, kiedy absolutna monarchia Ludwika XVI zaczęła się chwiać w posadach, jako arystokratyczny liberał i zięć Neckera sympatyzował z opozycją szlachty i parlamentów skierowaną przeciwko poczynaniom rządu królewskiego. Na podstawie bardzo szczegółowych raportów szwedzkiego dyplomaty można też prześledzić przebieg tzw. rewolty uprzywilejowanych z lat 1787–1788. W pierwszych miesiącach rewolucji Staël von Holstein przesyłał do Sztokholmu pełne głębi i politycznej przenikliwości raporty dyplomatyczne ze szczegółowym opisem wypadków zachodzących we Francji. Przedstawiany przez Staëla obraz francuskiej sceny politycznej nie różni się w zasadzie od tego, co można znaleźć w pracach współczesnych badaczy dziejów rewolucji francuskiej. Relacjom Staëla von Holsteina nie sposób też zarzucić jakiejkolwiek nierzetelności. Ambasador był bowiem na ogół znakomicie poinformowany o wszystkim, co rozgrywało się wówczas we Francji, a jeśli nawet czasami mylił się w jakichś drobnych szczegółach, to i tak najważniejszy wydaje się fakt, że był w stanie przeniknąć istotę i atmosferę przemian dokonujących się w kraju, który zwykł był uważać za swoją drugą ojczyznę.
Z dziejów prasy lokalnej w II Rzeczypospolitej. Żydowski „Przegląd Rzeszowski” z 1927 i 1932 roku
Authors: Uljasz Adrian
Published: September 2016

„Przegląd Rzeszowski” z 1927 i 1932 r. to żydowskie pisma w języku polskim, wychodzące w Rzeszowie. „Przegląd Rzeszowski” z 1927 r. był dwutygodnikiem, a „Przegląd Rzeszowski” z 1932 r. tygodnikiem. W 1927 r. funkcję redaktorów pełnili C.L. Platzer i M.M. Fröchlich. Redaktorem naczelnym „Przeglądu Rzeszowskiego” z 1932 r. był Samuel Lubasz. W obu czasopismach omawiano zagadnienia ekonomiczne, socjalne i polityczne dotyczące Żydów. Informowano o wydarzeniach w mieście i regionie. Popularyzowano żydowskie życie kulturalne i sportowe. Ogłaszano reklamy.
Kadra Centralnej Szkoły Ministerstwa Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego 1945–1947. Początki polskiego aparatu bezpieczeństwa
Authors: Lesiakowski Krzysztof
Published: September 2016

Aparat bezpieczeństwa był bardzo ważnym narzędziem, które komuniści wykorzystywali w walce o władzę po II wojnie światowej. Tysiące funkcjonariuszy potrzebowało jednak stosownego przeszkolenia. W latach 1945–1947 byli oni szkoleni w Centralnej Szkole Ministerstwa Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego w Łodzi. Wykładowcami w niej byli przedwojenni polscy komuniści i tzw. kujbyszewiacy – absolwenci kursu NKWD (Ludowy Komisariat Spraw Wewnętrznych), zorganizowanego w kwietniu–lipcu 1944 r. w sowieckim mieście Kujbyszew nad rzeką Wołgą. Personel ten cechował młody wiek i brak doświadczenia zawodowego. Dlatego jego przydatność w kształceniu funkcjonariuszy aparatu bezpieczeństwa w powojennej Polsce była skromna.
Characteristics of Maternal–Infant Interaction During Treatment for Opioid Withdrawal
Authors: Maguire Denise J. , Taylor Susan , Armstrong Kathleen , Shaffer-Hudkins Emily , DeBate Rita , Germain Aaron M. , Brooks Sandra S.
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the interactions between mothers in a methadone treatment program and their infants during a bottle feeding and compare the findings with normed data.

Design: A comparative-descriptive design was used.

Sample: Data from 12 opiate-exposed mother–infant dyads were compared with normed data.

Main outcome variable: Nursing Child Assessment Satellite-Training Scale scores.

Results: The opiate-exposed dyads scored significantly lower than the normed dyads in the infant subscales of clarity of cues (p < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56–4.08) and responsiveness to caregiver (p < .01, 95% CI, 0.27–2.5), as well as the total score (p < .001, 95% CI, 2.42–6.15). Parent sensitivity to infant cues subscale (p < .01, 95% CI, 0.42–2.37) and parent contingency score (p < .01, 95% CI, 0.55–3.81) were also significantly lower. The cognitive growth fostering subscale scores were significantly higher in the neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) group (p < .01, 95% CI, −2.94 to −0.7).
Test - Can Section Editor CC or BCC in editorial decision email?
Authors: Lucas Robert
Published: September 2016

We'll test and see . . .
Factors Influencing Respondents Opting for Agro Based Food Industries in Theni District
Authors: Mary A. Sagaya Nambikai , John S. Maria
Published: September 2016

                  The Agro-based Food Industry is primarily based on the utilization of locally available raw-materials and skills with a little capital outlay.  India has been a land of villages and agriculture is going to remain for years to come, the mainstay of its population.Therefore, the Agro-based Food Industries some following features. They include that these industries are conveniently taken up by the people in the rural areas without any encroachment on their main occupation. They are simple so that they could be taken up by them with their own labour and that of the labour of their families. As far as possible, these involve small capital, and this should be available from the financial institutions available locally. They are based on the regional facilities and comparative advantages of a particular district in regard to the supply of raw-materials, availability of nearby markets and the facilities of power. These industries can be easily and conveniently developed in different parts of the country. There is diverse nature of markets ranging from local and regional to national and international.  

            Many industries bring income to the nation.  They are agriculture related sector industry related sector and service oriented sectors.  But the Agro based industries play a dominant role in developing the country to a large extent for India is basically an agriculture dominant country.            Majority of people not only eke out their income from agricultural operations, but also work as labourers in various capacities.  Agro Based Food Industries have a large classification.  But Agro Based Food Industries are very easy to start, establish and expand.  They get even self motivated in the context that they live in an agricultural situation.

            This study analyses the various factors which motivate the respondents towards Agro Based Food Industries. The various factors motivating the respondents to Agro Based Food Industries were classified as Easy establishment, Basic industry, Family support, Agriculture based district, Opportunity of getting more support and Subsidy and concession. The researcher carried out the factor analysis and made an attempt to extract specific factors and define variables which constitute each factor based on the strength and direction of factor leading to the decision making process of opting for Agro Based Food Industries.
Roles of Health Care Providers and Patients in Initiation of Unnecessary Papanicolaou Testing After Total Hysterectomy
Authors: Guo Fangjian , Kuo Yong-Fang
Published: September 2016

Objectives. To assess Papanicolaou (Pap) testing use among US adult women with a history of a total hysterectomy for a benign condition and the roles of health care providers and patients in the initiation of screening Pap tests.

Methods. We used 2000 to 2013 data from the National Health Interview Survey on women aged 20 years or older who had undergone a hysterectomy (n = 11 616) to estimate unnecessary Pap test use.

Results. The percentage of self-reported Pap testing in the preceding 3 years among women who had undergone a hysterectomy decreased from 72.2% in 2000 to 53.3% in 2013. In 2013, 42.4% of women who had undergone a hysterectomy reported receiving recommendations for screening from a health care provider in the past year (32% of which were unnecessary), and 32.1% reported undergoing Pap tests in the preceding year (22.1% of which were unnecessary). Although the majority of Pap tests were performed at a clinician’s recommendation, approximately one fourth were initiated by patients without clinician recommendations.

Conclusions. Health care providers should advise women who have had a total hysterectomy for a benign condition on appropriate use of screening services.
Lack of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses to Address Healthy People 2020 Priority Areas
Authors: Neumann Peter J. , Farquhar Megan , Wilkinson Colby L. , Lowry Mackenzie , Gold Marthe
Published: September 2016

Objectives. To examine the extent to which recently published cost-utility analyses (cost-effectiveness analyses using quality-adjusted life-years to measure health benefits) have covered the leading health concerns in the US Department of Health and Human Services Healthy People 2020 report.

Methods. We examined data in the Tufts Medical Center Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry, a database containing 5000 published cost-utility analyses published in the MEDLINE literature through 2014. We focused on US-based cost-utility analyses published from 2011 through 2014 (n = 687). Two reviewers scanned abstracts and met for a consensus on categorization of cost-utility analyses that addressed the specific priorities listed in the 12 Healthy People 2020 areas (n = 120).

Results. Although 7.3% of recently published cost-utility analyses addressed key clinical preventive services, only about 2% of recently published cost-utility analyses covered each of the following Healthy People 2020 topics: reproductive and sexual health, nutrition/physical activity/obesity, maternal and infant health, and tobacco. Fewer than 1% addressed priorities such as injuries and violence, mental health or substance abuse, environmental quality, and oral health.

Conclusions. Few cost-utility analyses have addressed Healthy People 2020 priority areas.
A Research Agenda for Racial Equity: Applications of the Ferguson Commission Report to Public Health
Authors: Furtado Karishma , Banks Kira Hudson
Published: September 2016

The Ferguson Commission was an independent body of 16 commissioners in operation from November 2014 to December 2015 and appointed by Missouri governor Jay Nixon to examine the root causes underlying the death of Michael Brown Jr.

Its report, “Forward Through Ferguson: A Path Toward Racial Equity,” raises many issues on racial equity that public health is well suited to address, such as trends in police use of force, the health implications of the school-based discipline gap, and the health benefits of a coordinated housing strategy.

Public health can also learn from the principles the commission adopted, including being unflinching in the questions asked and conclusions drawn, applying a racial equity lens to public health work, and moving beyond programmatic solutions to policy solutions.
Provider Bias in Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) Promotion and Removal: Perceptions of Young Adult Women
Authors: Higgins Jenny A. , Kramer Renee D. , Ryder Kristin M.
Published: September 2016

Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is effective and acceptable. However, concern exists about potential provider bias in LARC promotion. No study has documented contraceptive users’ attitudes toward or experiences with provider influence and bias regarding LARC.

We collected qualitative data in 2014 to address this gap. Participants were 50 young adult women with any history of contraceptive use (including LARC) in Dane County, Wisconsin. Women often described providers as a trusted source of contraceptive information. However, several women reported that their preferences regarding contraceptive selection or removal were not honored. Furthermore, many participants believed that providers recommend LARC disproportionately to socially marginalized women.

We encourage contraceptive counseling and removal protocols that directly address historical reproductive injustices and that honor patients’ wishes.
From Compassionate Conservatism to Obamacare: Funding for the Ryan White Program During the Obama Administration
Authors: Hatcher William , Pund Britten , Khatiashvili Giorgi
Published: September 2016

Objectives. To examine President Obama's fiscal commitment to the Ryan White Program (formerly Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency Act), which provides funding for economically disadvantaged people and families affected by HIV.

Methods. We analyzed budgetary request and congressional appropriation data from 2009 to 2016. The data are available from the Health Resources and Services Administration and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.

Results. Increased coverage for people living with HIV/AIDS provided by the Affordable Care Act most likely led the Obama administration to request small increases and at times decreases in funding for the Ryan White Program. Congress passed either small increases or decreases in appropriations for the Ryan White Program.

Conclusions. Decreases or small increases in the Ryan White Program funding risk progress made in treating HIV among economically disadvantaged patients.
Leading-Brand Advertisement of Quitting Smoking Benefits for E-Cigarettes
Authors: Ramamurthi Divya , Gall Phillip A. , Ayoub Noel , Jackler Robert K.
Published: September 2016

Objectives. To provide regulators and the US Food and Drug Administration with a description of cessation-themed advertising among electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) brands.

Methods. We performed a content analysis of 6 months (January through June 2015) of advertising by e-cigarette brands on their company-sponsored social media channels and blogs as well as user-generated content (testimonials) appearing within brand-sponsored Web sites. An explicit claim of cessation efficacy unambiguously states that e-cigarettes help in quitting smoking, and implicit claims use euphemisms such as “It works.” We selected a cohort of 23 leading e-cigarette brands, either by their rank in advertising spending or their prevalence in Internet searches.

Results. Among leading e-cigarette brands, 22 of 23 used cessation-themed advertisements. Overall, 23% of the advertisements contained cessation claims, of which 18% were explicit and 82% were implicit.

Conclusions. Among leading e-cigarette advertisers, cessation themes are prevalent with implicit messaging predominating over explicit quit claims.

Policy implications. These results can help the Food and Drug Administration clarify whether tobacco products should be regulated as drugs with therapeutic purpose or as recreational products.
Comments: Reader Survey Results (October 2015)
Authors: Donnelly John
Published: September 2016

Editor's column

JPT recently conducted its annual readership survey to get valuable feedback on how useful and relevant the magazine is to readers in their jobs and how it can be improved. The survey was sent to SPE members around the globe. Respondents included engineers (45%), managers (17%), consultants (12%), and executives (9%). Most respondents work at service companies (19%), followed by independents (18%), national oil companies (16%), and major oil and gas companies (13%). The average age of survey participants was 45. To those who responded to the survey, thank you for taking the time to help JPT improve its coverage.

Feature articles, columns, and technical papers about practical technology applications attract the most reader interest. The most popular features in JPT are Technology Update (short case studies of technology applications), feature articles about emerging technologies, the summary of SPE technical papers, and Technology Applications (briefs about newly commercialized technology). Of the 47 distinct technical topics covered throughout the year by the magazine, interest is highest in hydraulic fracturing, unconventional resources, mature fields and well revitalization, field development projects, and reservoir performance and monitoring.

The JPT Editorial Committee (see list of members on this page) helps JPT disseminate and share knowledge with members about recent developments in E&P technology. It annually revises the list of technical paper topics covered by the magazine. Throughout the course of the year, the committee and SPE staff sift through all the papers that were presented at SPE conferences worldwide and select the best and most interesting for synopsis in JPT. The full-length papers are available online for those wanting additional information. This year, the committee will review a total of 3,962 technical papers for possible publication, and select 160 for synopsis in JPT.

Asked what the magazine’s biggest strengths are, readers cited the wide range of technology topics covered, the technical content, the summaries of technical papers, its global scope, and the overall quality. Weaknesses mentioned were content that is too technical at times, not technical enough, and too broad of coverage. Just over 89% of respondents said JPT was useful or very useful to them in their jobs, with 35.7% citing “very useful.”

In the survey, 78% of respondents rated JPT “very good” or “excellent,” compared with 74% a year ago and 71% in 2010 (when the reader survey became annual). Compared with other publications serving the upstream industry, 38% said they consider JPT “significantly better,” compared with 34% last year and 28% in 2010.

Reading JPT on the Web or tablet app continues to increase, particularly the latter. Nearly 40% of respondents said they access JPT’s app for tablets compared with 23% a year ago. Nearly one-third (31%) use the smartphone JPT app compared with 21% in 2014. JPT
Artificial Lift Experts Warn of Long-Term Production Issues in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: September 2016

Artificial Lift

The list of challenges facing artificial lift systems in horizontal shale wells is a long one, and the stakes are high. From the shape of the borehole to harsh downhole conditions, horizontal wells are pushing the technology to its limits. The hurdles have become even higher for operators that have prioritized drilling wells as fast as possible, reducing completion costs, and attaining high initial production rates without considering the implications on long-term production.

Over the past decade, oil and gas companies have borrowed billions of dollars to drill more than 70,000 horizontal wells across North America, an estimated 95% of which are dependent on some type of artificial lift to keep flowing. The investment in many of these wells has been predicated on the idea that they will profitably produce for 20 to 40 years. Whether that promise can be delivered will in large part “be pinned upon the reliability and the cost effectiveness, or the efficiency, of the artificial lift systems that we have,” said Kyel Hodenfield, president of artificial lift systems for North America at Schlumberger.

Hodenfield and a panel of three other industry experts made the case for why artificial lift should be at the forefront of a shale producer’s mind at the recent Unconventional Resources Technology Conference in San Antonio, Texas.

At the heart of the matter is the fact that unconventional wells are the most complex wells that artificial lift vendors have ever had to work with. “Our wells are not getting any simpler,” said Richard Luht, an executive technology leader at GE Global Research. “They are getting deeper, hotter, and (have) longer-reach laterals.”

A defining characteristic of shale wells is their steep decline rates, which means some wells come onto pump within a matter of weeks of being completed. And in the first year of production, multiple artificial lift systems may be installed in a single well as the rapid change in water, oil, and gas production dictates which variation of the technology will work best.
Dynamic Fault-Seal Breakdown - Investigation in the North Sea Egret Field
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: September 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 170584, “Dynamic Fault-Seal-Breakdown Investigation - A Study of Egret Field in the North Sea,” by P.P. Obeahon, SPE, G. Ypma, and O.U. Onyeagoro, SPE, Shell, and A.C. Gringarten, SPE, Imperial College London, prepared for the 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 27–29 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The ability to predict the effect of faults on locating remaining hydrocarbon is critical to optimal well-placement, reservoir-management, and field development decisions. The tools and techniques available for realistic differentiation between sealing and nonsealing faults have presented a great challenge to the industry. This paper discusses the results of an integrated study that incorporated detailed geology and reservoir engineering to understand production behavior of a complexly faulted high-pressure/high-temperature field in the North Sea.

Introduction

Predicting fault-seal breakdown is a challenging task because it involves many interrelated factors and complex relationships. Knowledge of these factors is both nonunique and subjective. Most faulting processes have been studied in isolation, and the relationships among many of the processes are understood poorly.

Reservoir depletion can, in principle, induce stress paths capable of reactivating intrareservoir faults and, hence, potentially cause breakdown of their sealing integrity. Fault-seal breakdown may also be invoked falsely where oil/ water contacts change across a fault (i.e., the fault is a capillary seal) but the fault does not compartmentalize pressures in production. This apparent seal failure can arise because of pressure communication in the water leg below the oil column. It is not clear why pressure depletion should cause capillary-seal failure. However, publications exist that attempt to attribute production behavior observed in fields to fault-seal breakdown in a production realm, because of pressure depletion on one side of a fault.

The first attempts to incorporate geologically reasonable fault properties into production-simulation models involved the calculation of transmissibility multiplier on the basis of absolute permeability and thickness of fault rocks. These calculations do not capture the multiphase behaviors of fault rocks. A key problem with this approach is that a huge number of pseudofunctions needs to be calculated to take into account the large variation in fault properties (e.g., thickness, absolute permeability) and flow rates and whether the fault is going through drainage or imbibition during production. The second attempt involved calculating transmissibility multipliers (also known as seal factors) on the basis of fault permeability. The key problem with this approach is that fault permeability depends on shale gouge ratio and fault displacement alone. The calculation does not capture the impact of reservoir permeability on fault permeability.
Enhancing Well-Work Efficiency With Data Mining and Predictive Analytics
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: September 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 167869, “Enhancing Well-Work Efficiency With Data Mining and Predictive Analytics,” by Mohamed Sidahmed, SPE, Eric Ziegel, SPE, Shahryar Shirzadi, SPE, David Stevens, SPE, and Maria Marcano, SPE, BP, prepared for the 2014 SPE Intelligent Energy Conference and Exhibition, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1–3 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Failure to prioritize objectives and improper selection of candidate wells can have significant implications for both derived value and potential risk. This paper addresses the business problem of reducing the uncertainty of well-work-program outcomes so that more-informed choices can be made, enhancing the benefits and value of a well-work program. It illustrates the use of data-driven models to estimate key performance indicators for well-work jobs and to predict the likely outcome using predetermined success criteria.

Introduction

Well work consists of the complete end-to- end business process covering any operation on an oil or gas well during or at the end of its productive life. Well-by-well reviews, with good support information, remain the best way of spotting large amounts of potential production. Data-driven incremental-learning models provide a set of intelligent tools that synthesize large volumes of data and make timely recommendations on the basis of learned historical behaviors and discovered hidden patterns across scattered heterogeneous sources.

This project examined a wide range of data-mining and machine-learning algorithms capable of dealing with large volumes of data, data-quality issues, and restrictive parameter constraints. The resulting model uses existing variables available at the planning for workover jobs as input to predict the likely outcome of individual jobs. Enhancing the decision-making process with reduced uncertainty for the well-work portfolio maximizes the overall program value and its yield on investment.

The Data-Driven Predictive-Analytics Approach

Data mining is the science of extracting valuable knowledge from large data bases. It involves several iterative steps. This study applied an iterative development process, progressing from clarifying business objectives through data preprocessing, fitting of learning models, validation of the models, and performance testing to examine the consistency between model results and domain-expert knowledge.

Data Collection and Database Construction.

One of the challenges of manipulating well-work big data was developing a systematic acquisition and assimilation strategy for the relevant input from multiple heterogeneous sources. To overcome the challenges associated with acquiring relevant data, the project adopted an incremental phased approach by selecting one specific asset from the well-work portfolio.
Effects of Seeding Rate on the Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Value of Fall‐Grown Oat
Authors: Coblentz Wayne K. , Cavadini Jason S.
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas

For fall‐grown oat, the effects of seeding rate on lodging are likely to be inconsistent from year to year.

There was no compelling evidence that yield is increased by exceeding traditionally recommended seeding rates.

Nutritive value for fall‐grown oat is cultivar dependent, and related to cultivar maturation rate.

Recent research has evaluated fall‐grown oat (Avena sativa L.) as a potential forage‐management option, and dairy producers frequently ask about the most appropriate seeding rate for this unique use of oat forage. The objectives of this project were to examine the effects of seeding rate and oat cultivar on subsequent dry matter (DM) yield, potential for lodging, and forage nutritive value. ‘ForagePlus’ and ‘Ogle’ oat were established on 8 Aug. 2014 and 12 Aug. 2015 at seeding rates of 64, 96, 128, or 160 lb acre−1 (2, 3, 4, or 5 bu acre−1), and harvested with a flail‐type plot harvester on 3 Nov. 2014 and 4 Nov. 2015. For 2014, mean yields of dry matter (DM) were not affected by seeding rate (overall mean = 5378 lb acre−1; P ≥ 0.383). Lodging increased linearly (P = 0.009) with seeding rate, and was greater within ForagePlus compared with Ogle oat (P = 0.002). During 2015, there was no evidence of lodging associated with seeding rate (P ≥ 0.206), nor were effects of cultivar detected (P = 0.177). Yields of DM in 2015 could not be related to linear, quadratic, or cubic effects of seeding rate (overall mean = 3955 lb acre−1; P ≥ 0.316). For both years, DM yields from Ogle were greater (P ≤ 0.015) than those from ForagePlus. Based on the results of this 2‐year study, there is no compelling evidence that DM yields of fall‐grown oat can be improved consistently by exceeding typical seeding‐rate recommendations for spring oat.
Seedbed Preparation and Planting Depth Affect Switchgrass Establishment and Yield
Authors: Butler Twain J. , Stein Jimmy D. , Pittman Jeremy J. , Interrante Sindy M.
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas

Switchgrass has potential for renewable biofuel production.

It is productive under nutrient‐ or water‐limited environments.

It can be no‐till planted on lands that are susceptible to erosion.

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a native, long‐lived, warm‐season perennial grass that is well adapted, has potential for biofuel production, and can improve soil chemical and physical properties. It can be difficult to establish, but it can be productive in marginally productive or difficult to cultivate lands, and its root system can aid in soil conservation. The objectives of this 2‐year field experiment were to determine the effects of seedbed preparation (burning, mowing, or tilling) and planting depth (0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 inches) on the establishment and yield of ‘EG 1101’ switchgrass. Planting between 0.25 and 0.5 inch generally resulted in more seedlings and greater stand percent and yield than 1.0‐inch depth. Tilling generally resulted in more initial seedlings at 30 days after planting (DAP) than no‐till with burning or mowing, but stand percent (150 DAP) and yield (postfrost) were not affected by seedbed preparation later in the growing season. However, all seedbed preparations and planting depths produced successful switchgrass stands of >1 seedling/ft2 and ≥50% stands. Producers planting on land susceptible to erosion could consider no‐till planting after burning or mowing in order to reduce soil erosion and promote better soil structure and fertility without any loss in switchgrass productivity.
Verificación analítica para las determinaciones de cromo hexavalente en aguas por espectrofotometría
Authors: Severiche Sierra Carlos Alberto , González García Humberto
Published: September 2016

En la actualidad la prestación de servicios analíticos de laboratorios, toma de forma ascendente más auge y utilidad. El efecto de un análisis de aguas es forjar resultados correctos y confiables, siendo la verificación de ensayos uno de los aspectos más importantes y factor clave para conseguir este propósito. La determinación de cromo hexavalente en aguas por colorimetría con la difenilcarbazida es la metodología analítica más usada y útil que se conoce en el ámbito científico técnico, principalmente, por su alta selectividad y también debatida por su reacción a las interferencias. En el presente estudio se hizo la valoración analítica del método espectrofotométrico para la determinación de cromo hexavalente en aguas; el objetivo de este trabajo fue confirmar correctamente la aplicación del método para el análisis de aguas. Se trabajaron muestras de diferentes tipos de agua: potable, residual y superficial, siguiéndose estrictamente los protocolos de verificación. Se encontraron resultados satisfactorios en precisión y exactitud con el fin de emitir resultados confiables y reales de la muestra analizada.
Representación de eventos disparadores y de resultado en el grafo de interacción de eventos
Authors: Zapata Jaramillo Carlos Mario , Noreña Cardona Paola Andrea , González Granados Nancy Estella
Published: September 2016

El Grafo de Interacción de Eventos (EIG por sus siglas en inglés) es una herramienta que representa la relación y ocurrencia de los eventos en una aplicación de software. Algunos autores utilizan este grafo en la lógica de negocio para representar la interacción de eventos en el sistema, generalmente, en operaciones y funciones de la interfaz gráfica de usuario (GUI por sus siglas en inglés). Los eventos disparadores y de resultado son responsables de los cambios en el estado de los procesos de negocio. Sin embargo, no existen artefactos que representen la interacción entre ellos. Es por esta razón que en este artículo se propone una adaptación del EIG para la representación y la interacción de los eventos disparadores y de resultado en el proceso de ingeniería de requisitos. Se emplea como base para la representación la notación de los eventos en esquemas preconceptuales.
Análisis geoestadístico para la estimación oro y cobre en depósitos de tipo pórfido
Authors: Arrieta Ojeda Rudis María , Sánchez Galvis Ricardo Alexei , Londoño Ciro Libardo Antonio
Published: September 2016

El objetivo del presente estudio es crear mapas de predicción, haciendo uso de la metodología geoestadística basada en la interpolación del Kriging Ordinario para identificar los patrones espaciales de cobre y oro en el depósito tipo pórfido. Para ello, se han tomado datos reales de un estudio exploratorio ubicado en el suroccidente del municipio de Titiribí, Antioquia.
Caracterización de accidentes de trabajo por caída de objetos en empresas del sector hidrocarburos
Authors: Jaramillo Gloria A. , Roa Iván Darío , Motta Jairo Arturo , García Ríos Tatiana F. , González Hernández Alfredis
Published: September 2016

En una multinacional del sector de hidrocarburos prestadora de servicios de perforación y workover, que opera en las zonas de Tolima y Santander Colombia, se pudo desarrollar una investigación con el objetivo de describir la situación de accidentalidad causada por caída de objetos que se presenta en el área de taladros de perforación. La información se recolectó de los reportes de accidentes e incidentes que reposaban en la base de operaciones en Sopó entre el periodo 2010 y 2011. Al analizar los hallazgos se pudo evidenciar que son cuatro los agentes causales más significativos, dentro de los cuales están los denominados Golpes por objetos, ocupando un 68%; atrapado por o entre un objeto con 41%; caída de personas con un 30% y caída de objetos con 21 %. Este último hallazgo se deriva por la actividad propia de la perforación por la manipulación de llaves hidráulicas, objetos adicionales de acero, martillos, entre otros y su causa básica fue la falta de supervisión, liderazgo y/o planificación con 39%, seguida de procedimientos de trabajo inadecuados con el 22% y el mantenimiento inadecuado con el 11%, lo que concluye que en su mayoría son errores humanos.
Algunos conceptos matemáticos asociados al infinito
Authors: Buitrago C. Iván Darío , Gaviria Carlos A. , Márquez Carlos A.
Published: September 2016

En éste artículo se aborda el concepto de infinito en su forma general y se hace un análisis del infinito actual y del infinito potencial. Se realizan algunas demostraciones, con el objetivo de enfatizar en la trascendencia que dejó la idea del infinito desde los griegos hasta nuestros días y lo alejado que está el concepto del sentido común. Se trabaja la idea del infinito actual, desde la teoría de conjuntos, tratada por los gran Bernhard Bolzano y Georg Cantor.
Increasing the Productivity and Profitability of Paddy through Front Line Demonstrations in Irrigated Agro Ecosystem of Kaymore Platue and Satpura Hills
Authors: SINGH DHANANJAI , PATEL A.K. , SINGH S.K. , BAGHEL M.S.
Published: September 2016

Krishi Vigyan Kendra laid down Front Line Demonstration in the year 2010-11 and 2011-12 introducing new, high yielding and scented variety “Pusa Sugandha-3” and applying scientific practices in their cultivation. The FLDs were carried out in village “Dainiha” of Sidhi district in supervision of KVK scientist. The productivity and economic returns of paddy in improved technologies were calculated and compared with the corresponding farmer's practices (local check). Improved practices recorded higher yield as compared to farmer's practices. The improved technology recorded higher yield of 30.83 q/ha and 32.65 q/ha in the year 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively than 22.13 and 24.21 q/ha. The average yield increase was observed 37.15 per cent. In spite of increase in yield of paddy, technology gap, extension gap and technology index existed. The improved technology gave higher gross return (37020 and 39180 Rs./ha), net return (16820 and 18920 Rs./ha) with higher benefit cost ratio (1.83 and 1.93) as compared to farmer's practices. The variation in per cent increase in the yield was found due to the poor management practices, lack of knowledge and poor socio economic condition. Under sustainable agricultural practices, with this study it is concluded that the FLDs programmes were effective in changing attitude, skill and knowledge of improved package and practices of HYV of paddy adoption.
Effect of Crop Levels and Pruning Timing on Bunch and Berry Parameters of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes
Authors: SHARMA AJAY KUMAR , SOMKUWAR R. G. , BANERJEE K. , JOGAIAH SATISHA
Published: September 2016

The vines were pruned at 3 timings and crop levels of 20, 30 and 40 bunches per vine were maintained. The dynamics of TSS, Acidity and pH was directly affected by increased degree days and sunshine hrs in the berries collected from maintained crop levels. The TSS values of berries were found positively correlated with degree days and sun shine hours while total acid contents were negatively correlated in each and every sampling. However, in early samplings correlation values were higher and decreased at D3 and D4 that is 118 and 126 days after pruning. In case of first pruning the maturity index was increased with increasing crop level and maximum index i.e.282.11 was observed in P1XCL3.In case of P3, maturity index was reduced and the berries collected from maximum bunch load fail to come within range of suitability. Effect of crop levels and pruning timings were clearly noted on bunch and berry parameters. Bigger bunches were found from P2 and smallest bunches were in P1. The third pruning with maximum crop level was resulted in minimum TSS content in berries. Grape berries collected from the vines maintained a crop level of 30 bunches and pruned on 5th Oct were having suitable physico-chemical parameters for making good wines.
Increasing Productivity Of Vegetables Through Front-line Demonstrations
Authors: Suman R. S.
Published: September 2016

The highest yield (420 kg/ha) was recorded in the year 2011-12. In Front-Line Demonstration, it was 27.27 percent more over the farmers practice (320 kg/ha), however, the lowest yield (350 kg/ha) was recorded in the year 2010-11 under Front-Line Demonstration and 310 kg/ha in farmers' practice. Increase in the yield (27.27%) under Front-Line Demonstration over farmers practice was obtained during the year 2011-12. The variation in the percent increase in the yield was found due to variation in agro climate parameter under rainfed condition. Under sustainable agricultural practices, with this study it is concluded that the Front- LineDemonstration programme was effective in changing attitude, skill and knowledge of improved / recommended practices of High Yielding Varieties of peas included adoption. This also improved the relationship between farmers and scientist and built confidence between them.
Effectiveness of Seed Processing Machinery on Seed Quality Improvement in Paddy (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: KUMAR RABINDRA
Published: September 2016

A series of seed-processing machines were used to evaluate seed quality improvement in paddy during the Kharif season 2013-14. The processing machines proved an efficient tool in producing quality seeds. The consistent and higher seed quality (germination 91.67% and physical purity 99.83%) could be achieved by efficient use of processing machines. The product and separate (reject) from individual machines were analysed to evaluate machine efficiency in separating the seed components as well as impurities from the harvested lot. The air-screen machines were found effective in removing dead seeds, whereas specific gravity separator removed abnormal seeds significantly. Gradual increase in seed quality was recorded with decrease in recovery in the processing line. Seed loss in reject port was always associated with handling of seed lots by each machine and observed only 1.30%. Specific gravity separator was found essential for the seed lot of medium-term storage or for the buffer stocking.