bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMATTING OF JULIA SETS OF COMPLEX DYNAMIC SYSTEMS
Authors: OUYANG MIAO , LIU SHUTANG
Published: December 2020

It is of crucial significance to study a class of complex dynamic planar and spatial systems with disparate coefficients by taking advantage of thoughts of Julia set. In this paper, we present theoretical control methods for the stable domain and Julia sets of systems. Then, we utilize symmetry to exhibit the forms of compositional Julia sets of complex dynamic planar systems. Furthermore, by selecting different coefficients, the location, size, area and shape of Julia set can be controlled, the spatial Julia sets also have certain characteristics, this supplies a possible reference for how to control the stable domain of specific complex dynamic systems. The simulation results are in good agreement with the effectiveness of the methods.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRODEPOSITED ZIRCONIA MODIFIED NiCoCrAlY COMPOSITE COATINGS ISOTHERMALLY OXIDIZED AT 1000∘C
Authors: SRIVASTAVA MEENU , CHAUDHURI ATANU , BERA PARTHASARATHI , RAVISANKAR B. , BALARAJU J. N.
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study is to evaluate the electrodeposited zirconia (ZrO2)-modified NiCoCrAlY composite coatings subjected to isothermal oxidation at 1000∘C under atmospheric conditions for 24 h. NiCoCrAlY composite coatings with 0, 10, 40, and 60[Formula: see text]wt.% of cobalt contents have been compared. The oxidation studies have revealed that the doping of yttrium (Y) and ZrO2 results in a significant reduction in weight gain, thereby imparting improved oxidation resistance. The morphology of the oxides formed on the surface is analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope and the phases are identified by X-ray diffraction studies. The major oxidation products formed on the surface of NiCrAlY and Ni10CoCrAlY coatings consist of NiO. In contrast, the surface of Ni40CoCrAlY coating comprises of predominantly CoO and small amount of NiCo2O4. Cobalt oxide (CoO) is formed as the major phase on the surface of the Ni60CoCrAlY coating. The grains on the surface of ZrO2-modified NiCoCrAlY composites are faceted, while such grains are not seen in the case of unmodified coatings. The texture analysis reveals that cooling rate is the deciding factor for the facet formation. The coatings have been characterized extensively using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to get in-depth understanding.
PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF EDM FOR Mg/SiCp COMPOSITE USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: RAMASAMY V. , RAJKUMAR M. , SUNDARARAMAN K. A.
Published: December 2020

Magnesium is reinforced with three different weight percentages (5%, 10% and 15%) of SiC particles (200 mesh size) by stir casting technique to fabricate Mg/SiCp composites. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, micro and macro hardness of three different composites are investigated. The comparison of micro and macro hardness clearly shows that increase in the weight percentage of SiC contributed to increase in hardness. However, uniform dispersion of SiC can be achieved while adding 5% SiC in the composite. Then, the Box Behnken experimental design in response surface methodology is employed for machining 3[Formula: see text]mm diameter hole in the Mg/SiCp samples using EDM. The second-order model for Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Tool Wear Rate (TWR) are developed with the influencing parameters of weight percentage of SiC, current, pulse on time and pulse off time. The parameter optimization yields maximum MRR and minimum TWR.
Buy-many mechanisms
Authors: Chawla Shuchi , Teng Yifeng , Tzamos Christos
Published: December 2020

Multi-item mechanisms can be very complex, offering many different bundles to the buyer that could even be randomized. Such complexity is thought to be necessary as the revenue gaps between randomized and deterministic mechanisms, or deterministic and simple mechanisms are huge even for additive valuations. Furthermore, the optimal revenue displays strange properties such as non-continuity: changing valuations by tiny multiplicative amounts can change the optimal revenue by an arbitrarily large multiplicative factor. Our work shows that these strange properties do not apply to most natural situations as they require that the mechanism overcharges the buyer for a bundle while selling individual items at much lower prices. In such cases, the buyer would prefer to break his order into smaller pieces paying a much lower price overall.

We advocate studying a new revenue benchmark, namely the optimal revenue achievable by "buy-many" mechanisms, that is much better behaved. In a buy-many mechanism, the buyer is allowed to interact with the mechanism multiple times instead of just once. We show that the optimal buy-many revenue for
any n
item setting is at most
O
(log
n
) times the revenue achievable by item pricing. Furthermore, a mechanism of finite menu-size (
n
/ε)

2

O
(
n
)

suffices to achieve (1 + ε)-approximation to the optimal buy-many revenue. Both these results are tight in a very strong sense, as any family of mechanisms with description complexity sub-doubly-exponential in n cannot achieve better than logarithmic approximation in revenue. In contrast, for buy-one mechanisms, no simple mechanism of finite menu-size can get a finite-approximation in revenue. Moreover, the revenue of buy-one mechanisms can be extremely sensitive to multiplicative changes in values, while as we show optimal buy-many mechanisms satisfy revenue continuity.
Influence of Native Video Advertisement Duration and Key Elements on Advertising Effectiveness in Mobile Feeds
Authors: Wang Bingcheng , Wu Man , Rau Pei-Luen Patrick , Gao Qin
Published: December 2020

This research investigated the influence of advertisement (ad) duration and key elements (titles, logos, and texts) on advertising effectiveness in mobile feeds. We recruited 40 participants (27 men and 13 women) who are aged from 20 to 43 years (M = 29.33, SD = 6.67). The participants were assigned randomly to four groups to watch four different types of ads: 6-second ads with key elements, 15-second ads with key elements, 15-second ads without key elements, and 30-second ads without key elements. We measured advertising effectiveness from four aspects: users’ attention, emotion, memory, and attitudes. During the experiment, a researcher recorded participants’ electroencephalography and eye movements. After the experiment, participants were required to complete a questionnaire and were interviewed. Results showed that participants felt more positive when watching 6-second duration ads in mobile feeds than the 15-second and 30-second ads; however, their memory of the ads was worse. The participants paid more attention to the key elements rather than the content of the ads. This research elucidated the features of native video ads in mobile feeds and provided some useful suggestions for advertisers who design video ads.
Time-Course Changes of Serum Keratin Concentrations after Liver Transplantation: Contrasting Results of Keratin-18 and Keratin-19 Fragments
Authors: Macía Cristina , Loureiro Jose , Campos-Varela Isabel , Abdulkader Ihab , Otero Esteban , Varo Evaristo , Tomé Santiago , Gonzalez-Quintela Arturo
Published: December 2020

Objective. Under normal conditions, adult hepatocytes express only keratin-8 (K8) and keratin-18 (K18), whereas cholangiocytes also express K19. In this study, we delineate the pattern of normal time-course changes in serum K19 and K18 levels after liver transplantation. Patients and Methods. Serum levels of the K19 fragment CYFRA 21-1 and the K18 fragments tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) and M30 (a neoepitope that is generated after caspase cleavage during apoptosis) were measured at baseline and at regular intervals (up to 6 months) after liver transplantation in 11 adult patients. Results. There was a gradual decrease in serum K19 concentrations from baseline values after transplantation, following a time-course pattern similar to that of serum bilirubin. In contrast, serum concentrations of K18 fragments increased markedly shortly after transplantation and gradually decreased thereafter, following a time-course pattern similar to that of serum transaminases. The increase in TPS tended to occur earlier than that in M30, suggesting an initial predominance of hepatocyte necrosis followed by a predominance of apoptosis in the first days after transplantation. Five patients presented posttransplant complications (acute rejection in three cases and HCV recurrence in two cases). An early increase in serum K19 concentrations was observed in all cases. An increase in serum concentrations of K18 fragments (M30 and TPS) was observed in the two cases with HCV recurrence and was more variable in the three cases with acute rejection. Conclusions. Serum concentrations of K19 and K18 fragments follow a dissimilar pattern of time-course changes after liver transplantation. The diagnostic value of variations in these normal patterns should be addressed in future studies.
Basal Tryptase High Levels Associated with a History of Arterial Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia Represent Risk Factors for Severe Anaphylaxis in Hymenoptera Venom-Allergic Subjects over 50 Years Old
Authors: Pastorello Elide Anna , Borgonovo Linda , Preziosi Donatella , Schroeder Jan Walter , Pravettoni Valerio , Aversano Maria Gloria , Pastori Stefano , Bilò Maria Beatrice , Piantanida Marta , Losappio Laura Michelina , Nichelatti Michele , Rossi Carlo Maria , Farioli Laura
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Allergy to Hymenoptera venom (HV) may lead to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Some of the factors influencing the symptom’s severity are still undetermined. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical aspects associated with the most severe reactions in a population with HV allergy, by comparing clinical and immunochemical biomarkers between patients with previous local large reactions (LLRs) and systemic reactions (SRs). Methods: We selected adult patients with a history of HV allergy, with positive diagnostic tests and a correlation with one single Hymenoptera species. Age, gender, atopy, serum basal tryptase (sBT) value, total IgE, venom-specific IgE, history of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and hypercholesterolemia were compared between patients with previous LLRs and SRs. Results: 460 adult patients (381 SRs, 79 LLRs) were included. Age (p = 0.0097), male gender (p < 0.0001), arterial hypertension (p = 0.046), hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.009), and higher sBT levels (p = 0.0004) were significantly associated with severe reactions as independent variables. Moreover, considering the previous variables as risk factors, there was a significant and progressive increase in the odds of being Mueller III + IV as the number of positive variables increased. Patients with sBT ≥6.4 ng/mL adjusted for any of the positive variables had increased the risk of Mueller grade IV reaction (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: According to our results, older age, male gender, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and increased levels of sBT ≥6.4 ng/mL are risk factors for severe anaphylaxis to HV in adults. Atopy and allergic asthma do not increase the risk of HV-induced SRs.
Transoesophageal Fine Needle Aspiration of Pleural Metastasis Using EBUS Scope
Authors: Juneja Manu , Irving Louis , Steinfort Daniel P.
Published: December 2020

Endoscopic ultrasound using convex endobronchial ultrasound probe (EUS-B) is an evolving diagnostic technique. We present a case of successful EUS-B biopsy of pleural metastasis in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma. This was an accurate, uncomplicated procedure and demonstrates the feasibility of EUS-B for pleural lesions.
Long-Term Outcomes of Bronchial Artery Embolization for Patients with Non-Mycobacterial Non-Fungal Infection Bronchiectasis
Authors: Takeda Keita , Kawashima Masahiro , Masuda Kimihiko , Kimura Yuya , Yamamoto Shota , Enomoto Yu , Igei Hiroshi , Ando Takahiro , Narumoto Osamu , Morio Yoshiteru , Matsui Hirotoshi
Published: December 2020

Background: There is no study on the predictive factors of recurrent haemoptysis after bronchial artery embolization (BAE) with the long-term outcomes in patients with bronchiectasis (BE). Objectives: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of BAE in BE patients without accompanying refractory active infection of mycobacteriosis and aspergillosis with analysis for the predictive factors of recurrent haemoptysis. Methods: Data of 106 patients with BE who underwent BAE using coils between January 2011 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The cumulative haemoptysis control rate was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods with log-rank tests to analyze differences in recurrence-free rate between groups based on technical success and failure, bacterial colonization status, number of BE lesions, and vessels embolized to bronchial arteries (BAs) or BAs + non-bronchial systemic arteries (NBSAs). Results: Bacterial colonization was detected in approximately 60% of patients. Computed tomography showed bronchiectatic lesions with 2.9 ± 1.4 lobes. In the first series of BAE, embolization was performed in the BAs alone and BAs + NBSAs in 65.1 and 34.9% of patients, respectively, with 2.4 ± 1.4 embolized vessels in total. The median follow-up period was 1,000 (7–2,790) days. The cumulative haemoptysis control rates were 91.3, 84.2, 81.5, and 78.9% at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The haemoptysis control rates were higher in the technical success group than in the technical failure group (p = 0.029). Conclusions: High haemoptysis control rates for long-term periods were obtained by embolization for all visualized abnormal arteries, regardless of the colonization status, number of bronchiectatic lobes, and target vessels, irrespective of NBSAs.
Decrease and Recovery of Olfactory and Gustatory Function in a Case of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Liu David Tianxiang , Prem Bernhard , Besser Gerold , Mueller Christian Albert , Renner Bertold
Published: December 2020

Self-reported chemosensory dysfunction in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 patients is common. We present a case of reversible smell loss in a young patient with mild coronavirus disease 2019 infection assessed with established testing methods over a period of 8 weeks.
Endothelial S1P
1
Signaling Counteracts Infarct Expansion in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Nitzsche Anja , Poittevin Marine , Benarab Ammar , Bonnin Philippe , Faraco Giuseppe , Uchida Hiroki , Favre Julie , Garcia-Bonilla Lidia , Garcia Manuela C.L. , Léger Pierre-Louis , Thérond Patrice , Mathivet Thomas , Autret Gwennhael , Baudrie Véronique , Couty Ludovic , Kono Mari , Chevallier Aline , Niazi Hira , Tharaux Pierre-Louis , Chun Jerold , Schwab Susan R. , Eichmann Anne , Tavitian Bertrand , Proia Richard L. , Charriaut-Marlangue Christiane , Sanchez Teresa , Kubis Nathalie , Henrion Daniel , Iadecola Costantino , Hla Timothy , Camerer Eric
Published: December 2020

Rationale:

Cerebrovascular function is critical for brain health, and endogenous vascular protective pathways may provide therapeutic targets for neurological disorders. S1P (Sphingosine 1-phosphate) signaling coordinates vascular functions in other organs, and S1P
1
(S1P receptor-1) modulators including fingolimod show promise for the treatment of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. However, S1P
1
also coordinates lymphocyte trafficking, and lymphocytes are currently viewed as the principal therapeutic target for S1P
1
modulation in stroke.

Objective:

To address roles and mechanisms of engagement of endothelial cell S1P
1
in the naive and ischemic brain and its potential as a target for cerebrovascular therapy.

Methods and Results:

Using spatial modulation of S1P provision and signaling, we demonstrate a critical vascular protective role for endothelial S1P
1
in the mouse brain. With an S1P
1
signaling reporter, we reveal that abluminal polarization shields S1P
1
from circulating endogenous and synthetic ligands after maturation of the blood-neural barrier, restricting homeostatic signaling to a subset of arteriolar endothelial cells. S1P
1
signaling sustains hallmark endothelial functions in the naive brain and expands during ischemia by engagement of cell-autonomous S1P provision. Disrupting this pathway by endothelial cell-selective deficiency in S1P production, export, or the S1P
1
receptor substantially exacerbates brain injury in permanent and transient models of ischemic stroke. By contrast, profound lymphopenia induced by loss of lymphocyte S1P
1
provides modest protection only in the context of reperfusion. In the ischemic brain, endothelial cell S1P
1
supports blood-brain barrier function, microvascular patency, and the rerouting of blood to hypoperfused brain tissue through collateral anastomoses. Boosting these functions by supplemental pharmacological engagement of the endothelial receptor pool with a blood-brain barrier penetrating S1P
1
-selective agonist can further reduce cortical infarct expansion in a therapeutically relevant time frame and independent of reperfusion.

Conclusions:

This study provides genetic evidence to support a pivotal role for the endothelium in maintaining perfusion and microvascular patency in the ischemic penumbra that is coordinated by S1P signaling and can be harnessed for neuroprotection with blood-brain barrier-penetrating S1P
1
agonists.
A Case for Grace? Case-Grammar, Frame-Semantics, and Biblical Hebrew חֵן
Authors: Ziegert Carsten
Published: December 2020

The traditional rendering “grace” for חֵן is controversial. Frame semantics, a theory originating in cognitive linguistics, anticipates that prototypical situations are evoked in language users’ minds each time a word is used. Thus, a “frame” for “חֵן situations” is reconstructed from Biblical texts. Apart from the basic meaning “beauty” which is offered in dictionaries, too, an extended meaning is presented: חֵן designates “the settling of a (potential) conflict between two parties that only one party can bring to a conclusion.”
Everyday urbanisms and the importance of place: Exploring the elements of the emancipatory smart city
Authors: Odendaal Nancy
Published: December 2020

Two of the most striking features of smart city discourses are the centrality of technology as a driver of transformational change and the strange ‘placelessness’ of its visual narrative. Whether envisaged in Kenya or Singapore, the commercial smart city is represented as a ‘city in a box’, seemingly capable of solving complex social issues through algorithms and technical innovation. Recently a robust literature has emerged that is critical of the techno-determinism inherent in smart city discussions. This paper expands on this critique by arguing that by solely focusing on the material dimensions of technologically informed urban change, devoid of context, we miss an opportunity to uncover an important moment in contemporary urbanity. By foregrounding the human dimensions of technology appropriation and the interface with livelihoods in their particular spatial contexts, this paper consciously decentres the dominant smart city discourse by arguing for the foregrounding of local dynamics. This paper rejects the universalisms embedded in smart city promises and argues that by provincialising the idea of smart urbanism, opportunities are presented for understanding the true markers of contemporary urbanism. Critical debates on the smart city, and by extension the need to consider smart urbanism contextually and as an infrastructure, relationally, together with the conceptual insights provided by postcolonial science and technology studies, contribute to a proposed frame for researching the ongoing dynamic between contemporary urban life and technological innovation. Empirical vignettes from urban Africa are used to illustrate the multiple dimensions of the interface between livelihoods and technology appropriation.
Incidence of Posterior Shoulder Instability in the United States Military: Demographic Considerations From a High-Risk Population
Authors: Bokshan Steven L. , Kotchman Halle M. , Li Lambert T. , DeFroda Steven F. , Cameron Kenneth L. , Owens Brett D.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Relatively little is known about the true incidence of posterior shoulder instability in the United States.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to characterize the incidence of posterior shoulder instability in the US military population and to examine which characteristics place these patients at highest risk. We hypothesized that the rate of posterior instability in this cohort of patients would be higher than previously reported.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

All initial cases of posterior shoulder dislocation and subluxation in the Defense Medical Epidemiology Database were screened between 2016 and 2018 using the relevant International Classification of Diseases–Tenth Revision-Clinical Modification codes. Incidences were calculated, and multivariate Poisson regression was used to calculate adjusted rate ratios for the effects of sex, race, age, military service branch, rank, and year.

Results:

The overall unadjusted incidence was 0.032 per 1000 person-years for posterior dislocations, 0.064 per 1000 person-years for posterior subluxations, and 0.096 per 1000 person-years for all cases of posterior shoulder instability. The total incidence of all shoulder instability was 1.84 per 1000 person-years, with posterior shoulder instability accounting for 5.2% of total cases. For posterior subluxation, significant differences between groups were found in the unadjusted and adjusted rate ratio (ARR) for sex (ARR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.85-5.93 for men), race (ARR, 0.458; 95% CI, 0.294-0.714 for Black servicemembers and ARR, 0.632; 95% CI, 0.421-0.948 for servicemembers of other race), age (ARR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.56-8.70 for patients aged 30-34 years), and military service branch (ARR, 0.663; 95% CI, 0.460-0.955 for Air Force servicemembers). For posterior shoulder dislocations, a significant difference was found only between men and women (ARR, 4.55; 95% CI, 1.85-11.2 for men).

Conclusion:

The incidence of posterior shoulder instability among US military personnel is higher than previously reported in the general US population, with a majority of cases due to subluxation. This increased incidence is likely reflective of a young and highly active population along with improvements in awareness and diagnosis of posterior instability in recent years.
The Mediating Role of Cognitive Trauma Processing in the Relationship Between Empathy and Secondary Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Female Professionals Working With Victims of Violence
Authors: Ogińska-Bulik Nina , Juczyński Zygfryd , Michalska Paulina
Published: December 2020

One of the negative consequences of indirect trauma exposure is secondary traumatic stress (STS). Professionals helping victims of violence may be at the risk of STS symptoms development. Both empathy and cognitive processing of trauma seem to be important in this process. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between empathy, cognitive processing of trauma and symptoms of STS in women working with people who have experienced violence trauma. The mediation role of cognitive coping strategies in the relationship between empathy and STS was also checked. A total of 154 female professionals representing three groups (therapists, social workers, and probation officers) were included in the study. The age of the respondents ranged from 26 to 67 years ( M = 43.98, SD = 10.83). Three standard measurement tools were included in the study: the modified PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), the Empathic Sensitivity Scale, and the Cognitive Processing of Trauma Scale. Correlational analysis indicated STS to have positive associations (Pearson’s correlation coefficients) with all three aspects of empathy, and three of the five cognitive coping strategies (denial, regret, downward comparison). Mediation analysis performed by the bootstrapping method found strategies of regret and downward comparison to act as mediators in the relationship between STS and empathic concern. The same results were obtained for perspective taking. In addition, the regret and denial strategies mediated the relationship between personal distress and STS. Empathy and cognitive trauma processing may play an important role in STS symptoms development. Preventive programs for professionals helping trauma victims should focus on cognitive processing of trauma and empathy.
Morning resolutions, evening disillusions: Theories of willpower affect how health behaviours change across the day
Authors: Francis Zoë , Mata Jutta , Flückiger Lavinia , Job Veronika
Published: December 2020

People may be more or less vulnerable to changes in self-control across the day, depending on whether they believe willpower is more or less limited. Limited willpower beliefs might be associated with steeper decreases in self-control across the day, which may result in less goal-consistent behaviour by the evening. Community members with health goals (Sample 1; N = 160; 1814 observations) and students (Sample 2; N = 162; 10,581 observations) completed five surveys per day for one to three weeks, reporting on their recent physical activity, snacking, subjective state, and health intentions. In both samples, more limited willpower beliefs were associated with less low- and moderate-intensity physical activity, particularly later in the day. Limited willpower beliefs were also associated with more snacking in the evenings (Sample 1) or overall (Sample 2). These behavioural patterns were mediated by differential changes in self-efficacy and intentions across the course of the day (in Sample 1), and the above patterns of low- and moderate-physical intensity held after controlling for related individual differences, including trait self-control and chronotype (in Sample 2). Overall, more limited willpower theories were associated with decreasing goal-consistent behaviour as the day progressed, alongside decreasing self-efficacy and weakening health-goal intentions.
Violence in Commercial Sex Work: A Case Study on the Impact of Violence Among Commercial Female Sex Workers in India and Strategies to Combat Violence
Authors: Dasgupta Satarupa
Published: December 2020

Violence is one of the primary contextual factors that significantly raise sex workers’ sexually transmitted infection risk. The current study examines how violence affects sexual health behavior among commercial female sex workers in a red light district in Calcutta, India. The study which employs in-depth interviews of 37 commercial female sex workers also discusses an innovative multilayered strategy devised by the sex workers to combat violence through a community mobilization drive. The current study shows that the sex workers can confront the system that precipitates violence and actively engage with it to mitigate the impact of structural barriers to empowerment.
Physical Conflict During Pregnancy: A Socioecological, Cross-Cultural Examination of Risk and Protective Factors for New Zealand Women
Authors: Bird Amy L. , Underwood Lisa , Berry Sarah , Grant Cameron C. , Gulliver Pauline , Fanslow Janet , Atatoa Carr Polly E. , Fa’alili-Fidow Jacinta , Morton Susan M. B.
Published: December 2020

Participants were 5,831 women in their third trimester of pregnancy, part of a large, longitudinal, pre-birth national cohort study. Women reported on their experience of pushing and shoving, throwing or breaking objects within their relationship over the past month. Univariable regression models examined the association of a large number of potential risk and protective factors. Those significant at the univariable level were carried forward into final multivariable analyses, stratified by New Zealand’s four main ethnic groups: European, Māori, Pacific, and Asian peoples. Relationship commitment, reduced family cohesion, and perceived stress were associated with increased risk across ethnic groups.
Psychodermatology in Canada: A National Survey Assessment of Dermatologists’ Perception, Practice Patterns, and Challenges
Authors: Turk Tarek , Fujiwara Esther , Abba-Aji Adam , Mathura Pamela , Dytoc Marlene
Published: December 2020

Objectives

We aimed to assess the perception of psychodermatology, practice patterns, and challenges reported by Canadian dermatologists.

Methods

We designed an online questionnaire based on previous literature, including questions about practitioners’ perceptions, practice patterns, training, and challenges in psychodermatology. We solicited their opinions on desired training, research needs, and clinical approach recommendations. Our survey was distributed nationally by the Canadian Dermatology Association (CDA).

Results

Of the total of 78 participating dermatologists, >75% reported treating patients with psychodermatological conditions, with higher frequencies of secondary than primary psychodermatological conditions. While practitioners had some confidence in their understanding of psychodermatology (median = 4 on a 5-point scale), their comfort levels to approach these patients were lower (median = 3), and their confidence in prescribing psychotropic medication was markedly low (median = 2). A total of 50% reported that a “multidisciplinary approach” would be best for these patients. Poor access to psychiatry was the most reported (26.9%) challenge, together with time constraints, lack of training, poor communication with patients, and lack of patient insight and resources. While 46.2% reported having never participated in psychodermatology training, 55.1% expressed interest in doing so.

Conclusion

We identified several challenges with knowledge, awareness, and healthcare delivery in psychodermatological practice in Canada. Increasing dermatologists’ access to psychiatric consultations/services, a multidisciplinary approach with dermatologists and psychiatrists co-providing care, and more specialized training in this area are recommended to narrow the identified gaps.
Thermally-excited fluorescence of strontium products for in-cylinder temperature diagnostics in internal combustion engines
Authors: Tibavinsky Ivan , Mazacioglu Ahmet , Sick Volker
Published: December 2020

A new optical diagnostic technique for burned gas temperature measurements was introduced using visible thermally-excited fluorescence of strontium monohydroxide (SrOH). The technique is a significant improvement over previously developed alkali metal-based techniques in that it requires only one tracer substance, strontium acetylacetonate in ethanol, compared to two or three alkali metal precursors. Combustion of the precursor forms 1.5 to 12 ppm SrOH, depending on equivalence ratio, and thermal excitation leads to visible light emission. For the purpose of temperature measurements, multiple emission bands were spectrally resolved and recorded with an intensified camera coupled to a spectrometer during experiments in an optical spark-ignited direct-injected engine. A hybrid experimental and computational approach was taken to validate the feasibility of SrOH based temperature measurements as well as to determine missing spectroscopic information. To that end, emission spectra were recorded for equivalence ratios ranging from lean to rich, and GT Power simulations provided a calibration base for burned gas temperatures. The optical engine was operated with early injection leading to near-homogenous mixing prior to ignition. It was confirmed that the measured data follow relationships consistent with a Boltzmann distribution of excited states populations. Furthermore, the experimentally determined energy difference between the excited [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] states of SrOH that form the basis of the temperature evaluation was found to be in good agreement with literature data. The calibrated analysis model then allowed to process spectra from over 400 single engine cycles from 10 runs with four different operating conditions to determine instantaneous burned gas temperatures. Average temperatures ranged from 1759 to 2490 K with standard deviations of 46–122 K. Variations were higher for more marginal fuel conditions. Self-absorption of the emission signals was characterized and would lead to a temperature error of no more than 0.5%.
Müßiggang in fleißiger Gesellschaft: Die Sozialfigur des Rentiers und die Bedeutung der Arbeit in der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft des 19. Jahrhunderts. Deutschland im westeuropäischen Vergleich
Authors: Mergel Thomas
Published: December 2020

Ausgehend von Max Webers These von der protestantischen Erwerbsethik untersucht der Aufsatz eine unterschätzte und kaum erforschte Teilgruppe des Bürgertums im 19. Jahrhundert: Rentiers, also Bürger, die nicht arbeiteten, sondern sich entweder (häufig in relativ jungen Jahren) zur Ruhe gesetzt oder vielleicht auch niemals gearbeitet hatten; sie lebten von den Erträgen ihres Kapitals. Nicht nur ihre zahlenmäßige Bedeutung, sondern auch ihre gesellschaftliche Rolle vor allem im kommunalen Leben, in ehrenamtlicher Tätigkeit und Lokalpolitik verweist darauf, dass die bürgerliche Gesellschaft des 19. Jahrhunderts für ihr Funktionieren der Nichtarbeit bedurfte. Trotz einer kritischen Beobachtung durch Sozialwissenschaft und Literatur genossen die müßigen Bürger Ansehen. Davon ausgehend stellt sich die Frage nach der Bedeutung der Arbeit im bürgerlichen Leben generell. Der Aufsatz argumentiert, dass die (bürgerliche) Arbeit nach heutigen Verständnis sehr viel weniger „rastlos“ war, als das Max Weber und unser heutiges Verständnis nahelegt. Der Rentier als Ausdruck eines „mäßigen“ Verhältnisses zur Arbeit ist aber eine Erscheinung des 19. Jahrhunderts. Mentalitätswandel einerseits, der Rückgang der ökonomischen Chancen andererseits und schließlich der Erste Weltkrieg mit seinen inflationären Auswirkungen beendete eine typische bürgerliche Lebensform des 19. Jahrhunderts.
Graphene oxide nano-filler based experimental dentine adhesive. A SEM / EDX, Micro-Raman and microtensile bond strength analysis
Authors: Alshahrani Abdullah , Bin-Shuwaish Mohammed S , Al-Hamdan Rana S , Almohareb Thamer , Maawadh Ahmed M , Al Deeb Modhi , Alhenaki Aasem M , Abduljabbar Tariq , Vohra Fahim
Published: December 2020

Aim:

The study aimed to assess graphene oxide (GO) adhesive and its dentin interaction using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), MicroRaman spectroscopy and Microtensile bond strength (μTBS).

Materials and Methods:

Experimental GOA and control adhesives (CA) were fabricated. Presence of GO within the experimental adhesive resin was assessed using SEM and Micro-Raman spectroscopy. Ninety specimens were prepared, sixty teeth were utilized for μTBS, twenty for SEM analysis of interface for CA and GOA and ten were assessed using microRaman spectroscopy. Each specimen was sectioned and exposed dentine was conditioned (35% phosphoric acid) for 10 s. The surface was coated twice with adhesive (15 s) and photopolymerized (20 s). Composite build-up on specimen was photo-polymerized. Among the bonded specimens, thirty specimen were assessed using Micro-Raman spectrometer, SEM and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), whereas remaining specimens were divided in to three sub-groups ( n = 10) based on the storage of 24 h, 8 weeks and 16 weeks. μTBS testing was performed at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min using a microtensile tester. The means of μ-tbs were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey multiple comparisons test.

Results:

No significant difference in μTBS of CA and GOA was observed. Storage time presented a significant interaction on the μTBS ( p < 0.01). The highest and lowest μTBS was evident in CA (30.47 (3.55)) at 24 h and CA (22.88 (3.61)) at 18 weeks. Micro-Raman analysis identified peaks of 1200 cm-1 to 1800 cm1, D and G bands of GO nanoparticles in the resin. Uniform distribution of graphene oxide nanoparticles was present at the adhesive and hybrid layer.

Conclusion:

GO showed interaction within adhesive and tooth dentin similar to CA, along with formation of hybrid layer. In ideal conditions (absence of nanoleakage), graphene oxide modified adhesive shows comparable bond strength and durability of resin dentine bond.
Maternal Microdeletion at the H19/Igf2 ICR in Mice Increases Offspring Susceptibility to In Utero Environmental Perturbation
Authors: Pal Anandita , Oakes Judy , Elnagheeb Marwa , Ideraabdullah Folami Y
Published: December 2020

Deficiency of methyl donor nutrients folate, choline, and methionine (methyl deficiency) during gestation can impair fetal development and perturb DNA methylation. Here, we assessed genetic susceptibility to methyl deficiency by comparing effects in wildtype C57BL/6J (B6) mice to mutant mice carrying a 1.3 kb deletion at the H19/Igf2 Imprinting Control Region (ICR) ( H19ICRΔ2,3). The H19ICRΔ2,3 mutation mimics microdeletions observed in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) patients, who exhibit epimutations in cis that cause loss of imprinting and fetal overgrowth. Dams were treated during pregnancy with 1 of 4 methyl sufficient (MS) or methyl deficient (MD) diets, with or without the antibiotic commonly used to deplete folate producing gut microbes. As expected, after ~9 weeks of treatment, dams in MD and MD + antibiotic groups exhibited substantially reduced plasma folate concentrations. H19ICRΔ2,3 mutant lines were more susceptible to adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by methyl deficiency (reduced birth rate and increased pup lethality) and antibiotic (decreased litter size and litter survival). Surprisingly, pup growth/development was only minimally affected by methyl deficiency, while antibiotic treatment caused inverse effects on B6 and H19ICRΔ2,3 lines. B6 pups treated with antibiotic exhibited increased neonatal and weanling bodyweight, while both wildtype and mutant pups of heterozygous H19ICRΔ2,3/+ dams exhibited decreased neonatal bodyweight that persisted into adulthood. Interestingly, only antibiotic-treated pups carrying the H19ICRΔ2,3 mutation exhibited altered DNA methylation at the H19/Igf2 ICR, suggesting ICR epimutation was not sufficient to explain the altered phenotypes. These findings demonstrate that genetic mutation of the H19/Igf2 ICR increases offspring susceptibility to developmental perturbation in the methyl deficiency model, maternal and pup genotype play an essential role, and antibiotic treatment in the model also plays a key independent role.
Satisfactory mid-term outcomes of condylar-constrained knee implants in primary total knee arthroplasty: clinical and radiological follow-up
Authors: Mancino Fabio , De Martino Ivan , Burrofato Aaron , De Ieso Carmine , Saccomanno Maristella F. , Maccauro Giulio , De Santis Vincenzo
Published: December 2020

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate (1) the reoperation rates and survivorship for septic and aseptic causes, (2) radiographic outcomes, and (3) clinical outcomes of condylar-constrained knee (CCK) implants used in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with severe coronal deformity and/or intraoperative instability.

Materials and methods

A consecutive series of CCK implants in primary TKA was retrospectively evaluated in patients with severe coronal deformities. Forty-nine patients (54 knees) were included with a mean follow-up of 9 years (range 6–12). All patients were treated with a single-design, second-generation CCK implant. The primary diagnosis was osteoarthritis in 36 knees, post-traumatic arthritis in 7 knees, and rheumatoid arthritis in 4 knees. Preoperatively, standing femorotibial alignment was varus in 22 knees and valgus in 20 knees.

Results

At a mean follow-up of 9 years, overall survivorship was 93.6%. Two knees (4.3%) required revision for periprosthetic joint infection. One knee (2.1%) required subsequent arthroscopy due to patellar clunk syndrome. At final follow-up, no evidence of loosening or migration of any implant was reported, and the mean Knee Society knee scores improved from 43 to 86 points (p < 0.001). The mean Knee Society function scores improved to 59 points (p < 0.001). The average flexion contracture improved from 7° preoperatively to 2° postoperatively and the average flexion from 98° to 110°. No knees reported varus–valgus instability in flexion or extension.

Conclusion

CCK implants in primary TKA with major coronal deformities and/or intraoperative instability provide good midterm survivorship, comparable with less constrained implants. In specific cases, CCK implants can be considered a viable option with good clinical and radiographic outcomes. However, a higher degree of constraint should be used cautiously, leaving the first choice to less constrained implants.

Level of evidenceTherapeutic study, level IV.
Transcriptomic profiles of non-embryogenic and embryogenic callus cells in a highly regenerative upland cotton line (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Wen Li , Li Wei , Parris Stephen , West Matthew , Lawson John , Smathers Michael , Li Zhigang , Jones Don , Jin Shuangxia , Saski Christopher A.
Published: December 2020

Background

Genotype independent transformation and whole plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis relies heavily on the intrinsic ability of a genotype to regenerate. The critical genetic architecture of non-embryogenic callus (NEC) cells and embryogenic callus (EC) cells in a highly regenerable cotton genotype is unknown.

Results

In this study, gene expression profiles of a highly regenerableGossypium hirsutumL. cultivar, Jin668, were analyzed at two critical developmental stages during somatic embryogenesis, non-embryogenic callus (NEC) cells and embryogenic callus (EC) cells. The rate of EC formation in Jin668 is 96%. Differential gene expression analysis revealed a total of 5333 differentially expressed genes (DEG) with 2534 genes upregulated and 2799 genes downregulated in EC. A total of 144 genes were unique to NEC cells and 174 genes were unique to EC. Clustering and enrichment analysis identified genes upregulated in EC that function as transcription factors/DNA binding, phytohormone response, oxidative reduction, and regulators of transcription; while genes categorized in methylation pathways were downregulated. Four key transcription factors were identified based on their sharp upregulation in EC tissue;LEAFY COTYLEDON 1(LEC1),BABY BOOM(BBM),FUSCA(FUS3) andAGAMOUS-LIKE15with distinguishable subgenome expression bias.

Conclusions

This comparative analysis of NEC and EC transcriptomes gives new insights into the genes involved in somatic embryogenesis in cotton.
Improving the accuracy of genomic evaluation for linear body measurement traits using single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction in Hanwoo beef cattle
Authors: Naserkheil Masoumeh , Lee Deuk Hwan , Mehrban Hossein
Published: December 2020

Background

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the genetic improvement of body measurement traits in farm animals. They are widely used as predictors of performance, longevity, and production traits, and it is worthwhile to investigate the prediction accuracies of genomic selection for these traits. In genomic prediction, the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) method allows the inclusion of information from genotyped and non-genotyped relatives in the analysis. Hence, we aimed to compare the prediction accuracy obtained from a pedigree-based BLUP only on genotyped animals (PBLUP-G), a traditional pedigree-based BLUP (PBLUP), a genomic BLUP (GBLUP), and a single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) method for the following 10 body measurement traits at yearling age of Hanwoo cattle: body height (BH), body length (BL), chest depth (CD), chest girth (CG), chest width (CW), hip height (HH), hip width (HW), rump length (RL), rump width (RW), and thurl width (TW). The data set comprised 13,067 phenotypic records for body measurement traits and 1523 genotyped animals with 34,460 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The accuracy for each trait and model was estimated only for genotyped animals using five-fold cross-validations.

Results

The accuracies ranged from 0.02 to 0.19, 0.22 to 0.42, 0.21 to 0.44, and from 0.36 to 0.55 as assessed using the PBLUP-G, PBLUP, GBLUP, and ssGBLUP methods, respectively. The average predictive accuracies across traits were 0.13 for PBLUP-G, 0.34 for PBLUP, 0.33 for GBLUP, and 0.45 for ssGBLUP methods. Our results demonstrated that averaged across all traits, ssGBLUP outperformed PBLUP and GBLUP by 33 and 43%, respectively, in terms of prediction accuracy. Moreover, the least root of mean square error was obtained by ssGBLUP method.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that considering the ssGBLUP model may be a promising way to ensure acceptable accuracy of predictions for body measurement traits, especially for improving the prediction accuracy of selection candidates in ongoing Hanwoo breeding programs.
Detection of CRISPR-mediated genome modifications through altered methylation patterns of CpG islands
Authors: Farris M. Heath , Texter Pamela A. , Mora Agustin A. , Wiles Michael V. , Mac Garrigle Ellen F. , Klaus Sybil A. , Rosfjord Kristine
Published: December 2020

Background

The development and application of CRISPR technologies for the modification of the genome are rapidly expanding. Advances in the field describe new CRISPR components that are strategically engineered to improve the precision and reliability of CRISPR editing within the genome sequence. Genome modification using induced genome breaks that are targeted and mediated by CRISPR components leverage cellular mechanisms for repair like homology directed repair (HDR) to incorporate genomic edits with increased precision.

Results

In this report, we describe the gain of methylation at typically hypomethylated CpG island (CGI) locations affected by the CRISPR-mediated incorporation of donor DNA using HDR mechanisms. With characterization of CpG methylation patterns using whole genome bisulfite sequencing, these CGI methylation disruptions trace the insertion of the donor DNA during the genomic edit. These insertions mediated by homology-directed recombination disrupt the generational methylation pattern stability of the edited CGI within the cells and their cellular lineage within the animal strain, persisting across generations. Our approach describes a statistically based workflow for indicating locations of modified CGIs and provides a mechanism for evaluating the directed modification of the methylome of the affected CGI at the CpG-level.

Conclusions

With advances in genome modification technology comes the need to detect the level and persistence of methylation change that modifications to the genomic sequence impose upon the collaterally edited methylome. Any modification of the methylome of somatic or germline cells could have implications for gene regulation mechanisms governed by the methylation patterns of CGI regions in the application of therapeutic edits of more sensitively regulated genomic regions. The method described here locates the directed modification of the mouse epigenome that persists over generations. While this observance would require supporting molecular observations such as direct sequence changes or gene expression changes, the observation of epigenetic modification provides an indicator that intentionally directed genomic edits can lead to collateral, unintentional epigenomic changes post modification with generational persistence.