bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of Bed Liquefaction‐Induced Erosion During the Winter Wind Storm in the Yellow River Delta, China
Authors: Niu Jianwei , Xie Jieshuo , Lin Shicheng , Lin Pengzhi , Gao Fei , Zhang Jian , Cai Shuqun
Published: October 2023

Data obtained during a 5‐month field observation of the Yellow River Delta show that the storm wave‐related oscillatory flows are mainly in an intermittently turbulent regime (400 < ReΔ < 1,200). Wave‐induced seabed liquefaction causes changes to the bed erodibility and increases the sediment entrainment rate, resulting in the formation of fluid mud layer (FML) during winter wind events. The strong NE winter winds lead to most of the wave‐induced liquefaction events in the study area. It was found the sediment erosion rate is underestimated when we solely focus on the wave‐induced bottom shear stress. To parameterize wave‐induced excess pore pressure buildup and sediment liquefaction, a series of experiments were conducted in a large wave flume and a new liquefaction‐erosion method is proposed to calculate the sediment erosion flux. Analysis of model results shows that the FML thickness is about 2–12 cm at the storm‐arrival stage during the entire observation period. The thickness of FML significantly increases with the increase of wave height and decrease of water depth. Once the FML is formed, strong currents can remove fluid mud 10 hr after the storm‐arrival stage, while the background currents on calm days can hardly cause suspension. The erosion rate in liquefaction zones can increase 5–10 times compared with the erosion rate in nonliquefaction conditions. The whole Bohai Sea is highly turbid after intense NE winter wind, and the liquefaction zones during winter winds would be the major sediment source. Enhanced sediment erosion can cause the subsequent degradation of the subaqueous Yellow River Delta.
Impaired functional connectivity of the hippocampus in translational murine models of NMDA-receptor antibody associated neuropsychiatric pathology
Authors: Kuchling Joseph , Jurek Betty , Kents Mariya , Kreye Jakob , Geis Christian , Wickel Jonathan , Mueller Susanne , Koch Stefan Paul , Boehm-Sturm Philipp , Prüss Harald , Finke Carsten
Published: October 2023

Decreased hippocampal connectivity and disruption of functional networks are established resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) features that are associated with neuropsychiatric symptom severity in human anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. However, the underlying pathophysiology of NMDAR encephalitis remains poorly understood. Application of patient-derived monoclonal antibodies against the NR1 (GluN1) subunit of the NMDAR now allows for the translational investigation of functional connectivity in experimental murine NMDAR antibody disease models with neurodevelopmental disorders. Using rs-fMRI, we studied functional connectivity alterations in (1) adult C57BL/6 J mice that were intrathecally injected with a recombinant human NR1 antibody over 14 days (n = 10) and in (2) a newly established mouse model with in utero exposure to a human recombinant NR1 antibody (NR1-offspring) at the age of (2a) 8 weeks (n = 15) and (2b) 10 months (n = 14). Adult NR1-antibody injected mice showed impaired functional connectivity within the left hippocampus compared to controls, resembling impaired connectivity patterns observed in human NMDAR encephalitis patients. Similarly, NR1-offspring showed significantly reduced functional connectivity in the hippocampus after 8 weeks, and impaired connectivity in the hippocampus was likewise observed in NR1-offspring at the age of 10 months. We successfully reproduced functional connectivity changes within the hippocampus in different experimental murine systems that were previously observed in human NMDAR encephalitis patients. Translational application of this method within a combined imaging and histopathological framework will allow future experimental studies to identify the underlying biological mechanisms and may eventually facilitate non-invasive monitoring of disease activity and treatment responses in autoimmune encephalitis.
Translation of tissue-based artificial intelligence into clinical practice: from discovery to adoption
Authors: Geaney Alice , O’Reilly Paul , Maxwell Perry , James Jacqueline A. , McArt Darragh , Salto-Tellez Manuel
Published: October 2023

Digital pathology (DP), or the digitization of pathology images, has transformed oncology research and cancer diagnostics. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) and other forms of machine learning (ML) to these images allows for better interpretation of morphology, improved quantitation of biomarkers, introduction of novel concepts to discovery and diagnostics (such as spatial distribution of cellular elements), and the promise of a new paradigm of cancer biomarkers. The application of AI to tissue analysis can take several conceptual approaches, within the domains of language modelling and image analysis, such as Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Networks, Multiple Instance Learning approaches, or the modelling of risk scores and their application to ML. The use of different approaches solves different problems within pathology workflows, including assistive applications for the detection and grading of tumours, quantification of biomarkers, and the delivery of established and new image-based biomarkers for treatment prediction and prognostic purposes. All these AI formats, applied to digital tissue images, are also beginning to transform our approach to clinical trials. In parallel, the novelty of DP/AI devices and the related computational science pipeline introduces new requirements for manufacturers to build into their design, development, regulatory and post-market processes, which may need to be taken into account when using AI applied to tissues in cancer discovery. Finally, DP/AI represents challenge to the way we accredit new diagnostic tools with clinical applicability, the understanding of which will allow cancer patients to have access to a new generation of complex biomarkers.
Assessment of the synthesis method of Fe3O4 nanocatalysts and its effectiveness in viscosity reduction and heavy oil upgrading
Authors: Torkaman Parya , Karimzadeh Ramin , Jafari Arezou
Published: October 2023

In this research, Fe3O4 nanocatalysts were synthesized systematically microwave-assisted. The effectiveness of the synthesized nanocatalysts in reducing viscosity and upgrading heavy oil was evaluated. The nanocatalysts were investigated for their magnetic and electromagnetic properties. The impact of microwave radiation's time and power on the size and purity of nanocatalysts was investigated. The purities in the crystal network of Fe3O4 nanocatalysts expanded as a result of reducing microwave radiation time and power due to less heat production. Increased temperature leads to dope NH4Cl into the Fe3O4 nanocatalysts crystal network. At: 1 min and power of 400 watts the most satisfactory results in the size and purity of nanocatalysts. The electromagnetic properties, size, and effectiveness of the synthesized Fe3O4 nanocatalysts have been examined to determine the effect of the synthesis method. The performance of Fe3O4 nanocatalysts synthesized by co-precipitation and microwave-assisted viscosity reduction and heavy oil upgrading was evaluated and compared. The crystallite size of the Fe3O4 nanocatalysts synthesized by microwave-assisted was smaller than that synthesized using co-precipitation. Fe3O4 nanocatalysts synthesized by microwave-assisted and the co-precipitation method decreased viscosity by 28% and 23%, respectively. Moreover, Fe3O4 nanocatalysts synthesized by microwave-assisted reduced the sulfoxide index and aromatic index considerably more than the co-precipitation synthesized Fe3O4 (90% against. 48% and 13% vs. 7%, respectively).
Sustainable development pathways for energies in Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration
Authors: Xu Chao , Xie Da , Gu Chenghong , Zhao Pengfei , Wang Xitian , Wang Yanjia
Published: October 2023

The sustainable development of urban agglomerations plays a pivotal role in national and global efforts to reduce emissions. By focusing on the efficient exchange and optimization of energy consumption across various sectors, the sustainable development of energy systems within urban agglomerations can be achieved. However, the overall impact of the cross-sector energy optimization and complementarity has not been quantitatively analyzed. Here, we focused on the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban agglomeration in China and proposed an optimization framework for energy, environment, and economy. The framework considered four sectors: transportation sector, power sector, industry sector, and building sector, in order to determine the most sustainable development pathway for the urban agglomeration. The optimization model considers total costs and greenhouse gas emissions reduction as the objectives and utilizes technologies as constraints to optimize the pathway. We found that this optimization strategy resulted in a 53.1 billion tons increase in CO2 emissions reduction in the region. The results of emission reduction varied across sectors, ranging from 4.5 to 22.2 billion tons CO2 equivalent, and across cities, ranging from 7.1 to 4688.1 Mt. The results suggest that the core cities in the urban agglomeration can take on a leadership role. By promoting cross-sector collaboration and implementing energy recycling, the energy efficiency of surrounding cities can be greatly improved, leading to the sustainable development of the urban agglomeration.
Atomic structure of the Se-passivated GaAs(001) surface revisited
Authors: Ohtake Akihiro , Suga Takayuki , Goto Shunji , Nakagawa Daisuke , Nakamura Jun
Published: October 2023

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the Se-treated GaAs(001)-($$2\times 1$$

2
×
1

) surface. The ($$2\times 1$$

2
×
1

) structure with the two-fold coordinated Se atom at the outermost layer and the three-fold coordinated Se atom at the third layer was found to be energetically stable and agrees well with the experimental data from scanning tunneling microscopy, low energy electron diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This atomic geometry accounts for the improved stability of the Se-treated surface against the oxidation. The present result allows us to address a long-standing question on the structure of the Se-passivated GaAs surface, and will leads us to a more complete understanding of the physical origin of the electrical and chemical passivation of Se-treated GaAs surface.
In silico engineering and simulation of RNA interferences nanoplatforms for osteoporosis treating and bone healing promoting
Authors: Imanpour Aylar , Kolahi Azar Hanieh , Makarem Dorna , Nematollahi Zeinab , Nahavandi Reza , Rostami Mohammadreza , Beheshtizadeh Nima
Published: October 2023

Osteoporosis is a bone condition characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD), poor bone microarchitecture/mineralization, and/or diminished bone strength. This asymptomatic disorder typically goes untreated until it presents as a low-trauma fracture of the hip, spine, proximal humerus, pelvis, and/or wrist, requiring surgery. Utilizing RNA interference (RNAi) may be accomplished in a number of ways, one of which is by the use of very tiny RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Several kinds of antagomirs and siRNAs are now being developed to prevent the detrimental effects of miRNAs. The goal of this study is to find new antagonists for miRNAs and siRNAs that target multiple genes in order to reduce osteoporosis and promote bone repair. Also, choosing the optimum nanocarriers to deliver these RNAis appropriately to the body could lighten up the research road. In this context, we employed gene ontology analysis to search across multiple datasets. Following data analysis, a systems biology approach was used to process it. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to explore the possibility of incorporating the suggested siRNAs and miRNA antagonists into polymeric bioresponsive nanocarriers for delivery purposes. Among the three nanocarriers tested [polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylenimine (PEI), and PEG-PEI copolymer], MD simulations show that the integration of PEG-PEI with has-mIR-146a-5p is the most stable (total energy = -372.84 kJ/mol, Gyration radius = 2.1084 nm), whereas PEI is an appropriate delivery carrier for has-mIR-7155. The findings of the systems biology and MD simulations indicate that the proposed RNAis might be given through bioresponsive nanocarriers to accelerate bone repair and osteoporosis treatment.
Explainable AI approach with original vegetation data classifies spatio-temporal nitrogen in flows from ungauged catchments to the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: O’Sullivan Cherie M. , Deo Ravinesh C. , Ghahramani Afshin
Published: October 2023

Transfer of processed data and parameters to ungauged catchments from the most similar gauged counterpart is a common technique in water quality modelling. But catchment similarities for Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) are ill posed, which affects the predictive capability of models reliant on such methods for simulating DIN. Spatial data proxies to classify catchments for most similar DIN responses are a demonstrated solution, yet their applicability to ungauged catchments is unexplored. We adopted a neural network pattern recognition model (ANN-PR) and explainable artificial intelligence approach (SHAP-XAI) to match all ungauged catchments that flow to the Great Barrier Reef to gauged ones based on proxy spatial data. Catchment match suitability was verified using a neural network water quality (ANN-WQ) simulator trained on gauged catchment datasets, tested by simulating DIN for matched catchments in unsupervised learning scenarios. We show that discriminating training data to DIN regime benefits ANN-WQ simulation performance in unsupervised scenarios ( p< 0.05). This phenomenon demonstrates that proxy spatial data is a useful tool to classify catchments with similar DIN regimes. Catchments lacking similarity with gauged ones are identified as priority monitoring areas to gain observed data for all DIN regimes in catchments that flow to the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
Quinoxalines against Leishmania amazonensis: SAR study, proposition of a new derivative, QSAR prediction, synthesis, and biological evaluation
Authors: Silva de Jesus Passaes Anna Carolina , Arantes Dantas Juliana , Landim Lopes Fernanda , Pereira Sangi Diego , Girão Albuquerque Magaly , Vataru Nakamura Celso , Yoneda Julliane
Published: October 2023

Neglected tropical diseases, such as leishmaniasis, lead to serious limitations to the affected societies. In this work, a structure–activity relationship (SAR) study was developed with a series of quinoxaline derivatives, active against the promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. As a result, a new quinoxaline derivative was designed and synthesized. In addition, a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model was obtained [pIC50 = − 1.51 − 0.96 (EHOMO) + 0.02 (PSA); N = 17, R2 = 0.980, R2Adj = 0.977, s = 0.103, and LOO-cv-R2 (Q2) = 0.971]. The activity of the new synthesized compound was estimated (pIC50 = 5.88) and compared with the experimental result (pIC50 = 5.70), which allowed to evaluate the good predictive capacity of the model.
Experimental and numerical assessment of the flexural response of banana fiber sandwich epoxy composite
Authors: Chenrayan Venkatesh , Gebremaryam Gezahgn , Shahapurkar Kiran , Mani Kalayarasan , Fouad Yasser , Kalam Md. Abul , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi Mohammad , Abusahmin Bashir Suleman
Published: October 2023

Recently, most service or product-oriented industries have been focusing on their activities to uphold the green and sustainable environment protocol owing to the increased environmental pollution. Concerning this issue, industries are now concentrating on developing recyclable or waste materials products. This research advocates developing and validating a banana fiber sandwich composite to promote the beneficial usage of bio-waste. The composite sandwich specimens were fabricated with resin-impregnated woven banana fiber mat as a skin, and the core was reinforced with three different weight percentages (5, 7.5 and 10%) of chopped banana fiber. The sandwich specimens were pressed into a three-point bending test to validate the structural integrity. The flexural characteristics like flexural strength and modulus were examined experimentally, whereas the key strength indices like flexural stiffness and core shear modulus were evaluated analytically. Post-fracture surfaces were studied through a scanning electron microscope to investigate the failure mechanism. The experimental and analytical results indicate that 10% banana fiber content in the sandwich core increases the flexural strength and flexural modulus to 225% and 147%, respectively, compared to the neat epoxy core. The numerical simulation was also performed through FEA to validate the experimental findings. The numerical results are in good concurrence with the experimental one.
Pursuing excitonic energy transfer with programmable DNA-based optical breadboards
Authors: Mathur Divita , Díaz Sebastián A. , Hildebrandt Niko , Pensack Ryan D. , Yurke Bernard , Biaggne Austin , Li Lan , Melinger Joseph S. , Ancona Mario G. , Knowlton William B. , Medintz Igor L.
Published: October 2023

Nanoscale dye-based excitonic systems assembled on DNA origami in solution excited by a laser. Dyes engage in cascaded FRET with exciton movement guided by programmed elements engaging in homo- and hetero-energy transfer.
Enhanced anion recognition by ammonium [2]catenane functionalisation of a halogen bonding acyclic receptor
Authors: Bunchuay Thanthapatra , Khianjinda Theerapat , Srisawat Pasit , Tse Yuen Cheong , Gateley Christian , Beer Paul D.
Published: October 2023

Ammonium-dibenzo[24]crown-8 [2]catenane functionalisation of a 3,5-bis-iodotriazole-pyridine motif produces a potent halogen bonding (XB) receptor capable of binding anions in aqueous-acetone solvent mixtures of up to 20% water.
Facile synthesis of wide bandgap ZrS2 colloidal quantum dots for solution processed solar-blind UV photodetectors
Authors: Wang Zan , Gu Yunjiao , Liu Fenghua , Wu Weiping
Published: October 2023

Small blue ZrS2 colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have been synthesized by a facile, in situ precursor-releasing strategy. The ZrS2 QDs show intense blue emission and high performance as the active layer in solar-blind UV photodetector devices.
A summary of calixarene-based fluorescent sensors developed during the past five years
Authors: Ren Haixian , Wang Hongliang , Wen Wei , Li Sha , Li Nana , Huo Fangjun , Yin Caixia
Published: October 2023

Calixarenes are “chalice like” phenol-based macrocycles that are one of the most fascinating studied scaffolds in supramolecular chemistry.
A gas-permeable, durable, and sensitive wearable strain sensor through thermal-radiation-promoted in situ welding
Authors: Ren Xueyang , Yuan Yuehui , Li Jin , Ling Huaxu , Chen Yanjie , Yang Ping , Li Jianqing , Hu Benhui
Published: October 2023

A wearable strain sensor with favorable durability and sensitivity achieved through thermal-radiation-promoted in situ welding of fiber joints.
Organoboron/iodide-catalyzed photoredox N-functionalization of NH-sulfoximines/sulfonimidamides
Authors: Huang Jiawei , Li Xiaoman , Wei Yu , Lei Zhigang , Xu Liang
Published: October 2023

A visible-light-driven aminoquinolate diarylboron and TBAI co-catalyzed photoredox process for direct dehydrogenative coupling of NH-sulfoximines/sulfonimidamides with thiols or diarylphosphine oxides is proposed.
The elastic component of anisotropic strain dominates the observed shift in the F2g Raman mode of anelastic ceria thin films
Authors: Freidzon Daniel , Kraynis Olga , Wachtel Ellen , Lubomirsky Igor , Livneh Tsachi
Published: October 2023

We propose a way to separate anelastic and elastic contributions to the F2g mode Grüneisen parameter. This work should provide a protocol for characterization of selective sensitivity to different strain components of doped ceria thin films.
Accurate three-body noncovalent interactions: the insights from energy decomposition
Authors: Ochieng Sharon A. , Patkowski Konrad
Published: October 2023

A new dataset of 20 heteromolecular trimers was constructed, with total and three-body interaction energies computed at the CCSD(T)/CBS level. The resulting interactions were analyzed with a range of two-body and three-body SAPT variants.
A nitrogen-rich two dimensional covalent organic framework with multiple carbonyls as a highly efficient anchoring material for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Das Priya , Sarkar Pranab
Published: October 2023

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, as next generation energy storage systems, have gained considerable attention due to their high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness.
The explicit role of interfacial hydration during polyethylene glycol induced lipid fusion: a THz spectroscopic investigation
Authors: Pyne Sumana , Pyne Partha , Mitra Rajib Kumar
Published: October 2023

Using Terahertz spectroscopy we report the change in the interfacial lipid hydration during poly-ethylene glycol induced membrane fusion.
Mg assists in modulating the dimensionalities of the anionic frameworks of borates
Authors: Zhang Qianzhen , Wang Feixiang , Long Xifa , Yang Yun
Published: October 2023

Three Mg-containing borates, Li4Mg3SrB12O24 and A2Mg3B16O28 (A = Rb and Cs) were synthesized, which exhibited short cutoff edges; Cs2Mg3B16O28 could reach the deep-ultraviolet region (<200 nm).
A nuclei-rich strategy for highly reversible dendrite-free zinc metal anodes
Authors: Zou Qingli , Liang Zhuojian , Wang Wanwan , Dong Dejian , Lu Yi-Chun
Published: October 2023

Aqueous zinc (Zn) metal batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage owing to their low cost and high safety.
Upcycling of spent graphite and iron housing from waste lithium-ion batteries for fabricating cost-effective high-capacity anodes
Authors: Maeng Seokju , Ha Jaeyun , Lee Jinhee , Kim Yong-Tae , Choi Jinsub
Published: October 2023

A novel method to upcycle spent graphite and the iron case of waste LIBs into advanced anode materials by synthesizing rGO embedded with FexOyvia an electrochemical method using self-assembly as a sustainable and cost-effective approach.
Multimetallic Pd- and Ni-catalyzed C(sp2)–P cross-coupling under aqueous micellar conditions
Authors: Navrátil Rafael , Kellovská Kristýna , Baszczyňski Ondřej
Published: October 2023

Multimetallic Pd/Ni and dual-ligand Pd catalysis enable C(sp2)–P cross-coupling reactions in aqueous micelles under mild conditions using inexpensive commercial materials and catalysts while avoiding environmentally unsustainable organic solvents.
Bioinspired notched volvox-like nested Z-scheme heterostructure improves solar-energy utilization for high visible-light-driven hydrogen production
Authors: Chang Yi , Pang Bowen , Cheng Weiyi , Song Penghui , Qi Ruijuan , Wang Xiaobing , Bai Zhengyu , Guo Yuming , Ma Nana , Ma Xiaoming
Published: October 2023

Bioinspired by the nested structure of volvox with multi-subcell, a facile and universal symbiosis hydrothermal strategy is reported to synthesize volvox-like double-core nested hollow materials for efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen production.
Synergism of CoO–Ni(OH)2 nanosheets and MOF-derived CNTs array for methanol electrolysis
Authors: Deng Kuan , Liu Peng , Liu Xuesong , Li Hongjiao , Tian Wen , Ji Junyi
Published: October 2023

The HER-MOR hybrid water electrolyzer system only requires a low cell voltage of 1.39 V to reach 10 mA cm−2, which is approximately 190 mV lower than that for HER-OER water electrolysis.
Selective catalytic reduction over Cu-exchanged X zeolite catalyst: in situ DRIFTS and DFT studies of NH3-SCR mechanism
Authors: Wu Hongli , Yao Lu , Ding Chunlian , Jiang Xiaoyong , Liu Weizao
Published: October 2023

Cu-exchanged X zeolite with ultra-high specific surface area was constructed by using blast furnace slag, achieving about 95% of NO conversion from 150 °C to 500 °C.
Hardness of (Semiuniform) MLWE with Short Distributions Using the Rényi Divergence
Authors: Jia Wenjuan , Wang Baocang
Published: October 2023

The module learning with errors (MLWE) problem has attracted considerable attention for its tradeoff between security and efficiency. The quantum/classical worst‐case to average‐case hardness for the MLWE problem (or more exactly, a family of problems) has been established, but most of the known results require the seed distribution to be the uniform distribution. In the present paper, we show that, using the noise flooding technique based on the Rényi divergence, the search MLWE problem with uniform B‐bounded secret distribution for 1 ≤ B ≪ q can still be hard for some seed distributions that are not (even computationally indistinguishable from) the uniform distribution under the standard MLWE assumption. Specifically, we show that if the seed distribution is a semiuniform distribution (namely, the seed distribution can be publicly derived from and has a “small difference” to the uniform distribution), then for suitable parameter choices, the search MLWE problem with uniform bounded secret distribution is hard under the standard MLWE assumption. Moreover, we also show that under the appropriate setting of parameters, the search MLWE problem with uniform bounded noise distribution is at least as hard as the standard MLWE assumption using a different approach than the one used by Boudgoust et al. in [JoC 2023].
Hardness of Module‐LWE with Semiuniform Seeds from Module‐NTRU
Authors: Jia Wenjuan , Zhang Jiang , Wang Baocang
Published: October 2023

The module learning with errors (MLWE) problem has attracted significant attention and has been widely used in building a multitude of lattice‐based cryptographic primitives. The hardness of the MLWE problem has been established for several variants, but most of the known results require the seed distribution (i.e., the distribution of matrix A) to be the uniform distribution. In this paper, we show that under the Module‐N‐th degree Truncated polynomial Ring Units (NTRU) (MNTRU) assumption, the search MLWE problem can still be hard for some distributions that are not (even computationally indistinguishable from) the uniform distribution. Specifically, we show that if the seed distribution is a semiuniform distribution (namely, the seed distribution can be publicly derived from and has a “small difference” to the uniform distribution), then for appropriate settings of parameters, the search MLWE problem is hard under the MNTRU assumption. Moreover, we also show that under the appropriate settings of parameters, the search learning with errors over rings problem with semiuniform seeds can still be hard under the NTRU assumption due to our results for the search MLWE problem with semiuniform seeds being rank‐preserving.
I–f closed‐loop starting strategy of high‐speed PMSM based on current vector adaptive regulation
Authors: Xu Guxuan , Zhao Feng , Liu Tao
Published: October 2023

Conventional I–f startup control algorithms often lead to significant speed fluctuations, extended convergence times, and sluggish dynamic responses when the motor is working at the acceleration process. To address these challenges, the article constructs a discrete kinetic model of the motor, extracts and summarizes the change law of the motor torque angle fluctuation amplitude and frequency with the motor parameters and the reference current vector during I–f starting process based on the Runge–Kutta method, reveals the fundamental mechanism of the pole slipping of the I–f control. On this basis, the article proposes a closed‐loop I–f starting control strategy for high‐speed permanent magnet motors based on current vector adaptive regulation, The strategy notably improves speed tracking performance and current dynamic response to I–f startup control. Experimental results validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
A LOFAR sample of luminous compact sources coincident with nearby dwarf galaxies
Authors: Vohl D. , Vedantham H. K. , Hessels J. W. T. , Bassa C. G. , Cook D. O. , Kaplan D. L. , Shimwell T. W. , Zhang C.
Published: October 2023

The vast majority of extragalactic compact continuum radio sources are associated with star formation or jets from (super)massive black holes and, as such, are more likely to be found in association with starburst galaxies or early-type galaxies. Two new populations of radio sources were recently identified: (a) compact and persistent sources (PRSs) associated with fast radio bursts (FRBs) in dwarf galaxies and (b) compact sources in dwarf galaxies that could belong to the long-sought population of intermediate-mass black holes. Despite the interesting aspects of these newly found sources, the current sample size is small, limiting scrutiny of the underlying population. Here, we present a search for compact radio sources coincident with dwarf galaxies. We search the LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey (LoTSS), the most sensitive low-frequency (144 MHz central frequency) large-area survey for optically thin synchrotron emission to date. Exploiting the high spatial resolution (6″) and low astrometric uncertainty (∼0.″2) of the LoTSS, we match its compact sources to the compiled sample of dwarf galaxies in the Census of the Local Universe, an Hα survey with the Palomar Observatory 48 inch Samuel Oschin Telescope. We identify 29 over-luminous compact radio sources, evaluate the probability of chance alignment within the sample, investigate the potential nature of these sources, and evaluate their volumetric density and volumetric rate. While optical line-ratio diagnostics on the nebular lines from the host galaxies support a star-formation origin rather than an AGN origin, future high-angular-resolution radio data are necessary to ascertain the origin of the radio sources. We discuss planned strategies to differentiate between candidate FRB hosts and intermediate-mass black holes.
The brighter-fatter effect in the JWST MIRI Si:As IBC detectors
Authors: Argyriou Ioannis , Lage Craig , Rieke George H. , Gasman Danny , Bouwman Jeroen , Morrison Jane , Libralato Mattia , Dicken Daniel , Brandl Bernhard R. , Álvarez-Márquez Javier , Labiano Alvaro , Regan Michael , Ressler Michael E.
Published: October 2023

Context. The Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) uses three Si:As impurity band conduction (IBC) detector arrays. The output voltage level of each MIRI detector pixel is digitally recorded by sampling up the ramp. For uniform or low-contrast illumination, the pixel ramps become nonlinear in a predictable way, but in areas of high contrast, the nonlinearity curve becomes much more complex. The origin of the effect is poorly understood and currently not calibrated out of the data.

Aims. We provide observational evidence of the brighter-fatter effect (BFE) in MIRI conventional and high-contrast coronagraphic imaging, low-resolution spectroscopy, and medium-resolution spectroscopy data, and we investigate the physical mechanism that gives rise to the effect on the MIRI detector pixel raw voltage integration ramps.

Methods. We used public data from the JWST/MIRI commissioning and Cycle 1 phase. We also developed a numerical electrostatic model of the MIRI detectors using a modified version of the public Poisson_CCD code.

Results. We find that the physical mechanism behind the BFE manifesting in MIRI data is fundamentally different to that of charge-coupled devices and photodiode arrays such as the Hawaii-XRG near-infrared detectors used by the NIRISS, NIRCam, and NIRSpec instruments on board JWST. Observationally, the BFE makes the JWST MIRI data yield 10–25% larger point sources and spectral line profiles as a function of the relative level of de-biasing of neighboring detector pixels. This broadening impacts the MIRI absolute flux calibration, time-series observations of faint companions, and point spread function modeling and subtraction. We also find that the intra-pixel 2D profile of the shrinking Si:As IBC detector depletion region directly impacts the accuracy of the pixel ramp nonlinearity calibration model.
Stellar-wind variability in Cygnus X-1 from high-resolution excess variance spectroscopy with Chandra
Authors: Härer L. K. , Parker M. L. , El Mellah I. , Grinberg V. , Ballhausen R. , Igo Z. , Joyce A. , Wilms J.
Published: October 2023

Context. Stellar winds of massive stars are known to be driven by line absorption of UV photons, a mechanism that is prone to instabilities, causing the wind to be clumpy. The clumpy structure hampers wind mass-loss estimates, limiting our understanding of massive star evolution. The wind structure also impacts accretion in high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) systems.

Aims. We aim to analyse the wavelength-dependent variability of X-ray absorption in the wind to study its structure. Such an approach is possible in HMXBs, where the compact object serves as an X-ray backlight. We probe different parts of the wind by analysing data taken at superior and inferior conjunctions.

Methods. We applied excess variance spectroscopy to study the wavelength-dependent soft (2–14 Å) X-ray variability of the HMXB Cygnus X-1 in the hard spectral state. Excess variance spectroscopy quantifies the variability of an object above the statistical noise as a function of wavelength, which allows us to study the variability of individual spectral lines. This technique was applied to high-resolution gratings spectra provided by Chandra, accounting for various systematic effects. The frequency dependence is investigated by changing the time binning.

Results. The strong orbital phase dependence we observe in the excess variance is consistent with column-density variations predicted by a simple model for a clumpy wind. We identify spikes of increased variability with spectral features found by previous spectroscopic analyses of the same data set, most notably from silicon in over-dense clumps in the wind. In the silicon line region, the variability power is redistributed towards lower frequencies, hinting at increased line variability in large clumps. In prospect of the microcalorimetry missions that are scheduled to launch within the next decade, excess variance spectra present a promising approach to constraining the wind structure, especially if accompanied by models that consider changing ionisation.
JWST uncovers helium and water abundance variations in the bulge globular cluster NGC 6440
Authors: Cadelano Mario , Pallanca Cristina , Dalessandro Emanuele , Salaris Maurizio , Mucciarelli Alessio , Leanza Silvia , Ferraro Francesco R. , Lanzoni Barbara , Rosie Chen C.-H. , Freire Paulo C. C. , Heinke Craig , Ransom Scott M.
Published: October 2023

We used ultra-deep observations obtained with the NIRCam aboard the James Webb Space Telescope to explore the stellar population of NGC 6440: a typical massive, obscured, and contaminated globular cluster formed and orbiting within the Galactic bulge. Leveraging the exceptional capabilities of this camera, we sampled the cluster down to about five magnitudes below the main sequence turn-off in the (mF115W, mF115W − mF200W) colour–magnitude diagram. After carefully accounting for differential extinction and contamination by field interlopers, we find that the main sequence splits into two branches, each above and below the characteristic knee. By comparing the morphology of the colour–magnitude diagram with a suitable set of isochrones, we argue that the upper main sequence bi-modality is likely due to the presence of a He-enriched stellar population with a helium spread of ΔY = 0.04. The lower main sequence bi-modality can be attributed to variations in the abundance of water (i.e., oxygen) with Δ[O/Fe] ∼ −0.4. This is the first evidence of both helium and oxygen abundance variations in a globular cluster purely based on JWST observations. These results open the window for future in-depth investigations of the multiple population phenomenon in clusters located in the Galactic bulge, which were previously unfeasible with near-UV observations, due to prohibitive reddening and crowding conditions.
Analysis of a renewal arrival process subject to geometric catastrophe with random batch killing
Authors: Kumar Nitin
Published: October 2023

This paper considers a population model (system) which is prone to catastrophe that kills individuals in batches. Individuals enter the system in accordance with the renewal process and catastrophe occurs as per the Poisson process. The catastrophe attacks the population in a successive order in batches of random size, each batch of individuals dies with probability ξ. This successive process ends when the whole population is wiped out or a batch of individuals survives with probability 1 − ξ. This type of killing pattern is known as geometric catastrophe. The supplementary variable technique is used to develop the steady-state governing equations. Further using the difference operator, the distributions of population size are evaluated at arbitrary, pre-arrival, and post-catastrophe epochs. In addition to that, a few different measurements of the system’s performance are derived. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the model, a number of numerical and graphical outcomes are presented in the form of tables and graphs.
Zement am Becken: Wohl oder Wehe?
Authors: Palm Hans-Georg , Groh Johannes , Perl Mario
Published: October 2023

Einleitung Pathologische Knochenmorphologie und Frakturen, sei es durch osteoporotische Veränderungen oder bösartige Prozesse, erfordern besonders stabile, im Idealfall auch minimalinvasive Osteosyntheseverfahren. Die additive Nutzung von Knochenzement hat hier Vor- aber auch Nachteile. Ziel dieses Literaturreviews ist es daher, die führenden Indikationen sowie Vor- und Nachteile für die Zementapplikation am Becken näher zu beleuchten.

Material und Methoden Es wurde eine PubMed-Recherche mit Fokus auf die Suchbegriffe „cement, pelvic“ durchgeführt (648 Einträge) und die für die vorliegende Fragestellung besonders relevanten Artikel wurden ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion Die aktuelle Literatur setzt sich im
Wesentlichen mit folgenden 4 Themenfeldern auseinander: Zementoplastie, Zementaugmentation
sakroiliakaler Schrauben bzw. iliakaler Schrauben und perkutane Fixierung durch interne
zementierte Schraube. Es zeigt sich – bei strenger Indikationsstellung – eine weitgehend
zuverlässige, sichere und zumeist minimalinvasive Anwendbarkeit von Zement bei o. g.
Techniken, die eine niedrige Komplikationsrate aufweisen.
Fixação de fraturas em martelo com técnica de placa de gancho modificada: Uma série de casos prospectivos de 17 pacientes
Authors: Abubeih Hossam , Abdelhameed Mohammed Anter , Morsy Mohamed , Khalifa Ahmed A. , Mostafa Khaled Mohamed , Said Galal Zaki
Published: October 2023

Objetivo Diversas modalidades têm sido sugeridas para o tratamento de fraturas em martelo; no entanto, o tratamento inadequado pode causar retardo de extensão, deformidade em pescoço de cisne ou artrite da articulação interfalangiana distal (AIFD). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os desfechos (funcionais, radiológicos e complicações) da redução aberta e fixação interna (RAFI) das fraturas em martelo com placas de gancho de baixo custo fabricadas com mini placas de titânio de baixo perfil.

Métodos Série de casos prospectivos de 17 pacientes consecutivos (idade média de 32,3 anos) com fraturas em martelo (seis do tipo IB e 11 do tipo IIB de Wehbe). Onze (64,7%) pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A mão acometida era a dominante em todos os pacientes, com acometimento do dedo indicador em seis (35,3%), anelar em cinco (29,4%), mínimo em três (17,65%) e médio em três (17,65%) pacientes. O mesmo cirurgião de mão experiente realizou todas as cirurgias.

Resultados O tempo operatório médio foi de 37,65 minutos. Após um acompanhamento médio de 10,94 meses (intervalo de 6 a 27), observou-se movimento médio da AIFD de 50° (intervalo de 20° a 70°), retardo de extensão em quatro (23,5%) pacientes e complicações em seis (35,29%) pacientes. De acordo com os critérios de Crawford, os desfechos foram excelentes em seis (35,3%), bons em sete (41,2%) e regulares em quatro (23,5%) pacientes.

Conclusão A técnica da placa de gancho modificada para fixação de fraturas em martelo é benéfica e econômica, mas exigente; permite fixação estável e adequada para permitir a movimentação precoce da AIFD com desfechos funcionais aceitáveis.
F-waves persistence in peripheral sensory syndromes
Authors: Lima Fabricio Diniz de , Martinez Alberto Rolim Muro , Schmitt Gabriel da Silva , França Andrea Fernandes Eloy da Costa , Velho Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira , Akita Juliana , Garbino José Antônio , Nucci Anamarli , França Jr Marcondes Cavalcante
Published: October 2023

Background The distinction between sensory neuronopathies (SN), which is by definition purely sensory, and sensory polyneuropathies (SP) and sensory multineuropathies (SM) is important for etiologic investigation and prognosis estimation. However, this task is often challenging in clinical practice. We hypothesize that F-wave assessment might be helpful, since it is able to detect subtle signs of motor involvement, which are found in SP and SM, but not in SN.

Objective The aim of the present study was to determine whether F-waves are useful to distinguish SN from SP and SM.

Methods We selected 21 patients with SP (12 diabetes mellitus, 4 transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy, 4 others), 22 with SM (22 leprosy), and 26 with SN (13 immune-mediated, 10 idiopathic, 3 others) according to clinical-electrophysiological-etiological criteria. For every subject, we collected data on height and performed 20 supramaximal distal stimuli in median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves, bilaterally, to record F-waves. Latencies (minimum and mean) and persistences were compared across groups using the Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni tests. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant.

Results All groups were age, gender, and height-matched. Overall, there were no significant between-group differences regarding F-wave latencies. In contrast, F-wave persistence was able to stratify the groups. Peroneal F-wave persistence was higher, bilaterally, in the SN group compared to SM and SP (p < 0.05). In addition, F-waves persistence of the ulnar and tibial nerves was also helpful to separate SN from SP (p < 0.05).

Conclusion F-wave persistence of the peroneal nerves might be an additional and useful diagnostic tool to differentiate peripheral sensory syndromes.
Clinical characteristics of headaches in an urban Mennonite group in South Brazil
Authors: Dück David Lemke , Utiumi Marco Antonio Takashi , Boldt Angelica Beate Winter , Piovesan Elcio Juliato
Published: October 2023

Background Genetic variants play a pathophysiological role in headaches, especially in migraine. The Mennonite group (MG) has been geographically and genetically isolated throughout its history, harboring a distinctive distribution of diseases.

Objective To determine the characteristics of headaches in a group with direct Mennonite ancestry contrasting with other urban community members (control group [CG]).

Methods Subjects with headaches were asked to complete a questionnaire covering: the type of headache, presence of aura, frequency and duration of attacks, pain location and severity, analgesic consumption, premonitory and postdromic manifestations, Depressive Thoughts Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), General Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Migraine Disability Assessment, and Composite Autonomic System Score.

Results We included 103 participants (CG: 45, Mennonite group [MG]: 58). Migraine was the most common headache (CG: 91.1%; MG: 81.0%; p = 0.172), followed by tension-type headache (CG: 8.9%; MG: 15.5%; p = 0.381). Aura was identified by 44.4% and 39.7% in the CG and MG, respectively (p = 0.689). The groups differed only concerning the frequency of retro-orbital pain (CG: 55.6%; MG: 32.8%; p = 0.027), PHQ-9 (CG: median 7, range 0 to 22; MG: median 5, range 0 to 19; p = 0.031) and ESS (CG: median 0, range 0 to 270; MG: median 0, range 0 to 108; p = 0.048) scores.

Conclusion There were no major differences in the prevalence and clinical characterization of headaches between the MG and the CG. However, the latter showed more diffuse pain, sleepiness, and depressive symptoms. Specific genetic or epigenetic variants in Mennonite descendants might account for these differences.
Prevalence of fibromyalgia in a Brazilian series of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Thomas Cinthia , Schneider Bianca Thais , Verza Caroline Schiochet , Fassina Gabriel , Weber Laís Restel , Moreira Marlinton , Fusinato Paula Tormen , Forcelini Cassiano Mateus
Published: October 2023

Background The prevalence of pain in patients with multiple sclerosis is remarkable. Fibromyalgia has been considered as one of the forms of chronic pain encompassed in multiple sclerosis, but data are restricted to studies from Europe and North America.

Objective To assess the prevalence of fibromyalgia in a series of Brazilian patients with multiple sclerosis and the characteristics of this comorbidity.

Methods The present cross-sectional study included 60 consecutive adult patients with multiple sclerosis. Upon consent, participants underwent a thorough evaluation for disability, fatigue, quality of life, presence of fibromyalgia, depression, and anxiety.

Results The prevalence of fibromyalgia was 11.7%, a figure similar to that observed in previous studies. Patients with the comorbidity exhibited worse scores on fatigue (median and interquartile range [IQR]: 68 [48–70] versus 39 [16.5–49]; p < 0.001), quality of life (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 96.5 ± 35.9 versus 124.8 ± 28.8; p = 0.021), anxiety (mean ± SD: 22.7 ± 15.1 versus 13.8 ± 8.4; p = 0.021), and depression (median and IQR: 23 [6–28] versus 6 [3–12.5]; p = 0.034) indices than patients without fibromyalgia. There was a strong positive correlation between depression and anxiety scores with fatigue (r = 0.773 and r = 0.773, respectively; p < 0.001). Conversely, a moderate negative correlation appeared between the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), fatigue, and depression scores with quality of life (r= −0.587, r= −0.551, r= −0.502, respectively; p < 0.001).

Conclusion Fibromyalgia is a comorbidity of multiple sclerosis that can enhance fatigue and decrease quality of life, although depression, anxiety, and disability are factors that can potentiate the impact of the comorbidity.