bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil composition and plant genotype determine benzoxazinoid‐mediated plant–soil feedbacks in cereals
Authors: Cadot Selma , Gfeller Valentin , Hu Lingfei , Singh Nikhil , Sánchez‐Vallet Andrea , Glauser Gaétan , Croll Daniel , Erb Matthias , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. , Schlaeppi Klaus
Published: September 2021

Plant–soil feedbacks refer to effects on plants that are mediated by soil modifications caused by the previous plant generation. Maize conditions the surrounding soil by secretion of root exudates including benzoxazinoids (BXs), a class of bioactive secondary metabolites. Previous work found that a BX‐conditioned soil microbiota enhances insect resistance while reducing biomass in the next generation of maize plants. Whether these BX‐mediated and microbially driven feedbacks are conserved across different soils and response species is unknown. We found the BX‐feedbacks on maize growth and insect resistance conserved between two arable soils, but absent in a more fertile grassland soil, suggesting a soil‐type dependence of BX feedbacks. We demonstrated that wheat also responded to BX‐feedbacks. While the negative growth response to BX‐conditioning was conserved in both cereals, insect resistance showed opposite patterns, with an increase in maize and a decrease in wheat. Wheat pathogen resistance was not affected. Finally and consistent with maize, we found the BX‐feedbacks to be cultivar‐specific. Taken together, BX‐feedbacks affected cereal growth and resistance in a soil and genotype‐dependent manner. Cultivar‐specificity of BX‐feedbacks is a key finding, as it hides the potential to optimize crops that avoid negative plant–soil feedbacks in rotations.
The strategy of protest against Covid‐19 containment policies in Germany
Authors: Plümper Thomas , Neumayer Eric , Pfaff Katharina Gabriela
Published: September 2021

Objectives

The article analyzes the epidemiological and political logics of protest against containment policies in Germany. To maximize the mobilization potential, protest organizers organize more protest events when Covid‐19 mortality rates are low, the stringency of containment policies is high, and in districts in which the vote share of mainstream parties is traditionally low.

Method

Using a negative binomial model, we analyze the number of protest events in a sample of 401 German districts over the period from March to May 2020.

Results

We find robust positive predicted effects of the stringency of containment policies and negative predicted effects for the mortality rate and the strengths of mainstream parties.

Conclusion

We interpret these findings as evidence of the strategic behavior of protest organizers that target protest participation and mobilization to keep the movement alive and potentially grow it.
Incidence rate of active tuberculosis in solid organ transplant recipients: Data from a nationwide population cohort in a high‐endemic country
Authors: Kwon Da Eun , Han Sang Hoon , Han Kyung Do , La Yeonju , Lee Kyoung Hwa
Published: September 2021

Background

The management of active tuberculosis (TB) in solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients is challenging given the pharmacological interaction and the potential delays in diagnosis due to atypical presentation. The incidence rates (IRs) of post‐SOT TB from the whole recipients’ cohort in a high‐endemic country have not been evaluated.

Methods

We established a SOT cohort (n = 15 598) and confirmed cases of TB between 2011 and 2015 from the Korean National Health Insurance Database using ICD‐10 codes. After excluding 1302 and 180 SOT‐recipients due to age (<18 years) and presence of pre‐SOT TB and/or treatment for latent TB during wash‐out period between 2006 and cohort entry, we analyzed 14 116 SOT recipients and 70 580 individuals with no history of SOT matched by age and sex. The hazard ratios (HRs) of IRs were adjusted for age, sex, low‐income status, diabetes mellitus, chronic co‐morbidities, and anti‐TNF‐α therapy.

Results

The IR of TB was significantly higher (adjusted HR [aHR]: 6.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5–7.6) in SOT recipients (4.9/1000 person‐years) than in non‐SOT individuals (0.8/1000 person‐years). Of the transplanted organs, the pancreas (pancreas alone and simultaneous pancreas‐kidney) and lung had the highest IR (aHR: 16.3 [6.1–42.2] and 16.1 [5.9–43.8], respectively). The use of anti‐thymocyte globulin and azathioprine was associated with a higher IR (aHR: 1.53 [1.01–2.43] and 3.92 [1.21–12.47], respectively), but basiliximab was associated with a lower IR (aHR: 0.67 [0.48–0.98]).

Conclusion

The IR of TB in SOT recipients, especially in the pancreas and lung, was significantly higher than that in the non‐SOT population.
Psychological intervention in children with transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia
Authors: Wang Meichun , Huang Meixia , Hong Yijin
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives

Transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia can lead to severe psychological issues in paediatric and adolescent patients. However, the psychological interventions for these patients are limited in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate the impact of a 3‐month psychological intervention on the quality of life (QOL) of children with β‐thalassaemia (12–18 years old) who relied on blood transfusion in this study.

Materials and Methods

In the current randomized controlled trial, a total of 143 paediatric or adolescent patients (12–18 years old) with transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia were recruited. They were randomized into the control group (n = 71) who received standard physiological treatment and the intervention group (n = 72) who received a 3‐month intervention in addition to standard physiological treatment. The effects of the interventions on the QOL and psychological outcomes of these participants were analysed.

Results

The 3‐month intervention significantly improved the scores of PedsQoL 4.0 Generic Core Scales of paediatric patients with transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia. It also significantly improved the psychological status and alleviated the depression among children and adolescent patients by alleviating anhedonia, negative mood and negative self‐esteem among them.

Conclusion

Psychological intervention has positive effects on the treatment for children with transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia.
Assessing runoff and pollutant loading upstream of the Miyun Reservoir for sustainable water resources management
Authors: Zhang Jing , Qiao Rongrong , Song Yongyu , Lai Yuequn
Published: September 2021

Sediment deposition and intensified eutrophication of the Miyun Reservoir are directly affecting the water quality in Beijing, China, owing to water pollution issues in the Chaohe River Basin, which contains the main inflow river of the reservoir. This study analysed the runoff, sediment, total nitrogen and total phosphorus load simulation results from three observation stations using the Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN model (Nash efficiency coefficient [NSE] = 0.65–0.8, R2 = 0.62–0.92) and a statistical regression model (R2 = 0.55–0.79). Results indicate that applying these models in combination to basins from which pollution source data are difficult to obtain can fully utilize the advantages of both models. The parameter uncertainty analysis of the model's runoff and pollution‐related parameters is discussed from the basis of the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation analysis method. Further, using the Mann–Kendall test and the double cumulative curve method, an attribute analysis of climate change and human activities in the basin was carried out. Results show that in the context of global climate change, fundamental ways to achieve the goal of adaptive catchment management include adjusting the land use structure, optimizing the land use mode and carrying out comprehensive management of soil and water loss with vegetation restoration as the main body.
Water quality–quantity management in river–reservoir system using sustainability‐based simulation‐optimization meta‐model approach
Authors: Masoumi Fariborz , Najjar‐Ghabel Saeid , Bashi Azghadi Seyyed Nasser
Published: September 2021

The present research, for the first time, introduces a sustainability‐based water quality–quantity management model in the river–reservoir system. Vulnerability, resiliency, reliability and maximum deficit are the factors that have been considered in the Sustainability Index (S.I.). The two‐dimensional hydrodynamics and water quality simulation model (CE‐QUAL‐W2) is linked to the multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) to develop a simulation‐optimization approach. Also, artificial neural network (ANN) model, substituted for the Ce‐QUAL‐W2 model, reduces the computational time in adaptive dynamically refined routine. The proposed methodology is applied to the Karkheh river–reservoir in Iran. The results showed that using ANN in an adaptive form, replacing CE‐QUAL‐W2, significantly impacts the computational time, considering accuracy in the developed simulation‐optimization model. Moreover, using the S.I. greatly reduces both the severity of failure periods in the water quantity–quality and the sequence of failure periods.
El relato de la transfiguración. Cristología alta y monoteísmo en Marcos
Authors: Carbullanca Núñez César Octavio
Published: September 2021

La búsqueda de un nuevo consenso en la cristología marcana choca con la opinión exegética que sostiene que el Evangelio de Marcos escaparía a la pretensión de una cristología alta. Además, el nuevo consenso fracasa con la opinión de que el Jesús histórico no habría asumido una identidad divina en el contexto monoteísta judío. El artículo, en contra de esta posición y asumiendo la opinión de J. Neusner, sostendrá que el angelomórfismo describe una categoría histórico-cultural que aporta elementos significativos para mostrar relatos de sujetos que se manifiestan en forma de seres humanos o de seres humanos que llegan a ser ángeles. Así, el relato de la transfiguración asume materiales que proceden de un tipo de judaísmo marginal de la Palestina del siglo II a. C. al I d. C., que posee categorías escatológicas dualista, visionaria y del envío de profetas angelomórficos. En continuidad con este judaísmo visionario, el relato de Mc 9,3-11 registra una experiencia visionaria de Jesús y los apóstoles, se discute que la fórmula w;fqh está en función de mostrar una experiencia celeste con Elías y Moisés, en la cual la identidad de Jesús es revelada por el Padre como el Hijo amado, como sumo sacerdote adámico, superior a las figuras angelomórficas de Moisés y Elías, lo cual es coherente con diversos relatos del Hijo del Hombre marcano. El relato muestra, en continuidad con estos antecedentes judíos, que la figura del Hijo del Hombre asume funciones escatológicas aplicadas a Yahveh y en discontinuidad con aquellas expresa que la autoridad del Hijo del Hombre está ya en su condición terrena por sobre las figuras de Elías y Moisés y de los ángeles y demonios, y sometido al Padre.
Numerical Study of Bubble Cloud and Thermal Lesion Evolution During Acoustic Droplet Vaporization Enhanced HIFU Treatment
Authors: Xin Ying , Zhang Aili , Xu Lisa X. , Fowlkes J. Brian
Published: September 2021

Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) has been proven to enhance high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) thermal ablation of tumor. It has also been demonstrated that triggering droplets before HIFU exposure could be a potential way to control both the size and the shape of the thermal lesion. In this paper, a numerical model is proposed to predict the thermal lesion created in ADV enhanced HIFU treatment. Bubble oscillation was coupled into a viscoelastic medium in the model to more closely represent real applications in tissues. Several physical processes caused by continuous wave ultrasound and elevated temperature during the HIFU exposure were considered, including rectified diffusion, gas solubility variation with temperature in the medium, and boiling. Four droplet concentrations spanning two orders of magnitude were calculated. The bubble cloud formed from triggering of the droplets by the pulse wave ultrasound, along with the evolution of the shape and location of the bubble cloud and thermal lesion during the following continuous wave exposure was obtained. The increase of bubble void fraction caused by continuous wave exposure was found to be consistent with the experimental observation. With the increase of droplet concentration, the predicted bubble cloud shapes vary from tadpole to triangular and double triangular, while the thermal lesions move toward the transducer. The results show that the assumptions used in this model increased the accuracy of the results. This model may be used for parametrical study of ADV enhanced HIFU treatment and be further used for treatment planning and optimization in the future.
EPFM Analyses of a Complex Crack in Dissimilar Metal Welded Pipes
Authors: Kang Ji-Hoon , Almomani Belal , Chang Yoon-Suk
Published: September 2021

Accurate estimation of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) parameters for a crack in nuclear pipes was considered as an important factor for leak-before-break design and evaluation. Yet few EPFM studies have been made to predict the crack opening displacement and J-integral of dissimilar metal welded pipes, which consist of two-layered materials (TLMs), due to the difficulty of complicate analysis encompassing both through-wall crack and internal surface crack in radial and circumferential directions. In this study, a series of finite element analyses to determine the typical EPFM parameters were carried out considering idealized complex-cracked pipes with TLMs. The analyses were elaborated through applying three loading conditions of axial tension, bending moment, and internal pressure. Both J-integral and crack opening displacement values were calculated by assuming two kinds of equivalent materials based on weighted average concepts as well as two different materials. The proposed equivalent schemes can be utilized in not only improving the expansion to existing solutions but also in more accurate detailed leak-before-break assessment of complex cracked nuclear piping with TLMs.
Pitch and Pattern Effects on Streamwise Fluidelastic Instability in Tube Arrays
Authors: Hassan Marwan , Weaver David
Published: September 2021

Fluidelastic instability (FEI) is well known to be a critical flow-induced vibration concern for the integrity of the tubes in nuclear steam generators. Traditionally, this has been assumed to occur in the direction transverse to the direction of flow but the tube failures at San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) in Los Angeles proved that this assumption is not generally valid. A simple tube-in-channel theoretical model was previously developed to predict streamwise as well as transverse FEI in a parallel triangular tube array. This predicted that this array geometry was particularly sensitive to streamwise FEI for high mass-damping parameters and small pitch ratios, the conditions in which the SONGS failures occurred. The advantage of this simple modeling approach is that no new empirical data are required for parametric studies of the effects of tube pattern and pitch ratio on FEI. The tube-in-channel model has been extended to in-line square, normal triangular, and rotated square tube arrays and the stability of these geometric patterns are analyzed for the effects of varying pitch ratio and the mass-damping parameter. The results are compared with the available experimental data and conclusions are drawn regarding the relative vulnerability of these different tube array geometries to streamwise FEI.
System and Component Level Risk Assessment for SiC MOSFET Based Inverter for Traction Application at High Coolant Temperatures and Off-Road Mission Profile
Authors: Mohammad Nafis Bakhtiyar , Mahmud Mohammad , Wang Zhongjing , Wu Yuheng , Huitink David , Zhao Yue
Published: September 2021

Monitoring and predicting temperatures at critical locations of a power electronic system is important for safety, reliability, and efficiency. As the market share of vehicles with electric powertrains continues to increase, there is also an important economic cost of failing electronic components. For inverters present in such a drive system, exceeding the temperature limit for certain critical components, such as DC-link capacitors and Silicon carbide MOSFETs, can lead to failure of the system. In such an application, extracting the temperatures using sensors from locations such as dies and capacitors require expensive modifications and poses technical challenges. It is therefore necessary to create a thermal model for the inverter system to estimate the temperature at various components in order to ensure operation within temperature limits. The model approach is also suitable for predicting the effect on the component temperature and reliability of boundary conditions such as coolant, ambient temperature, and mission profile. This study assesses the reliability of a 250 kW liquid cooled inverter system designed for traction application. The critical failure areas are the DC-link capacitors, and the SiC MOSFET dies, which are rated at 175 °C. The system is modeled as a compact system by reasonably considering each component as a lumped capacitance and estimating the thermal resistance using physical dimensions. Results from the model are then compared against experimental data from constant power testing, and good agreement is observed for the cold plate and gate driver temperatures. With the model fidelity established, the model is then used to implement drive cycles from the Environmental Protection Agency for nonroad applications. The resulting temperature profile for each component is a series of temperature peaks and troughs that contribute to damage and failure. Rainflow counting algorithm is then used to quantify the damage per mini-cycles and used to estimate the predicted life for each component based on their manufacturer provided reliability qualification, and the mission profile is executed on the test bench for validation. The results are then used to generate a system risk matrix that relates the failure risk associated with a certain mission profile and the cooling scheme. It therefore demonstrates that an automotive inverter with SiC switching devices can be credibly assessed for failure risk using a compact model that is independent of boundary conditions, in combination with established reliability correlations and techniques.
Harmonizing the Mooring System Reliability of Multiline Anchor Wind Farms
Authors: Hallowell Spencer T. , Arwade Sanjay R. , Diaz Brian D. , Aubeny Charles P. , Fontana Casey M. , DeGroot Don J. , Landon Melissa E.
Published: September 2021

One of many barriers to the deployment of floating offshore wind turbines is the high cost of vessel time needed for soil investigations and anchor installation. A multiline anchor system is proposed in which multiple floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are connected to a single caisson. The connection of multiple FOWTs to a single anchor introduces interconnectedness throughout the wind farm. Previous work by the authors has shown that this interconnectedness reduces the reliability of the FOWT below an acceptable level when exposed to survival loading conditions. To combat the reduction in system reliability an overstrength factor (OSF) is applied to the anchors functioning as an additional safety factor. For a 100 turbine wind farm, single-line system reliabilities can be achieved using the multiline system with an OSF of 1.10, a 10% increase in multiline anchor safety factors for all anchors in a farm.
Lenguaje y multiculturalismo en la construccion de lo femenino: La perspectiva de Rosario Castellanos
Authors:   Universidad Veracruzana, Rodriguez Barraza Adriana
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo aborda la construcción de lo femenino a través de la noción de identidad, que lleva a cabo la escritora mexicana Rosario Castellanos (1925-1974), y cómo se conforma desde las relaciones culturales en los complejos personajes de la obra titulada Balun Canán. La presencia de personajes femeninos es continúa a lo largo de la obra de Castellanos llegando a vertebrar gran parte del trabajo. Sus mujeres concentran los valores que se le han conferido y que ha asumido a través de los siglos. Sin embargo, su propuesta es generosa, va más allá que describir situaciones dolorosas e insolubles. Queremos puntualizar que no se intenta ahondar en los análisis y críticas del discurso tradicional que se han hecho, donde la mujer se encuentra presa en un mundo hostil masculinizado que no le corresponde. La perspectiva supone, en este sentido un alejamiento, es más, una indudable ruptura con esa óptica, es incluso la propia autora quien aclara su personal visión desde ese enfoque.
Visualizing electron localization of WS
2
/WSe
2
moiré superlattices in momentum space
Authors: Stansbury Conrad H. , Utama M. Iqbal Bakti , Fatuzzo Claudia G. , Regan Emma C. , Wang Danqing , Xiang Ziyu , Ding Mingchao , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Blei Mark , Shen Yuxia , Lorcy Stéphane , Bostwick Aaron , Jozwiak Chris , Koch Roland , Tongay Sefaattin , Avila José , Rotenberg Eli , Wang Feng , Lanzara Alessandra
Published: September 2021

Nano-ARPES reveals localization in the valence band of moiré tungsten disulfide/tungsten diselenide bilayers.
NMR spectroscopy of coin cell batteries with metal casings
Authors: Walder Brennan J. , Conradi Mark S. , Borchardt John J. , Merrill Laura C. , Sorte Eric G. , Deichmann Eric J. , Anderson Travis M. , Alam Todd M. , Harrison Katharine L.
Published: September 2021

Chemically resolved NMR spectroscopy is demonstrated on coin cell batteries with metal casings for the first time.
Singular nonsymmetric Jack polynomials for some trapeziform tableaux
Authors: Sun Juanjuan , Wu Shiru
Published: September 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be symmetric group of degree [Formula: see text]. In the representation of [Formula: see text] corresponding to trapeziform partition (precisely [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), we propose nonsymmetric Jack polynomials in [Formula: see text] variables which are singular at [Formula: see text]. Moreover those nonsymmetric Jack polynomials span a module of [Formula: see text] which is isomorphic to the representation of type [Formula: see text].
Stable equivalence of bridge positions of a handlebody-knot
Authors: Ozawa Makoto
Published: September 2021

We show that any two bridge positions of a handlebody-knot are stably equivalent.
Driver Fatigue Detection Based On Facial Feature Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yimin , Han Xianwei , Gao Wei , Hu Yunliang
Published: September 2021

Fatigue driving is one of the main causes of traffic accidents. In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to fatigue detection systems, which is an important solution for preventing fatigue driving. In order to prevent and reduce fatigue driving, a driver fatigue detection system based on computer vision is proposed. In this system, an improved face detection method is used to detect the driver’s face from the image obtained by a charge coupled device (CCD) camera. Then, the feature points of the eyes and mouth are located by an ensemble of regression trees. Next, fatigue characteristic parameters are calculated by the improved percentage of eyelid closure over the pupil over time algorithm. Finally, the state of drivers is evaluated by using a fuzzy neural network. The system can effectively monitor and remind the state of drivers so as to significantly avoid or decrease the occurrence of traffic accidents. The experimental results show that the system is of wonderful real-time performance and accurate recognition rate, so it meets the requirements of practicality in driver fatigue detection greatly.
An attempt to construct semi-empirical formula for angular momentum-dependent fission barriers of actinides
Authors: Vidya Y. S. , Manjunatha H. C. , Damodara Gupta P. S.
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a simple semi-empirical formula is proposed for angular momentum-dependent fission barriers of actinides [Formula: see text]. This formula produces angular momentum-dependent fission barriers with the simple inputs of atomic number (Z), mass number (A) and angular momentum ([Formula: see text]). The fission barriers produced by the present formula are compared with that of experiments and other models. There is a good agreement between the present formula and experiments. The present formula could be used to evaluate the angular momentum-dependent fission barriers of actinides.
Mining Fuzzy Temporal Gradual Emerging Patterns
Authors: Owuor Dickson Odhiambo , Laurent Anne , Orero Joseph Onderi
Published: September 2021

Gradual emerging patterns (GEPs) are gradual item sets that occur less frequently in one data set and more frequently in another. For instance, let ‘fan speed’ and ‘temperature’ be attributes of two numerical data sets. A gradual item set “the higher the speed, the lower the temperature” (which correlates a data set’s attributes) becomes a GEP if it is less frequent (in terms of support as in frequent pattern mining) in one data set and more frequent in another. However, such patterns do not indicate how time gap impacts the emergence. Many correlations appear over time, for instance when phenomena appear after some meteorological situation due to latency. Previous works have not taken this temporal aspect into account. In this paper, we introduce temporal gradual emerging patterns (TGEPs) which are temporal gradual patterns (TGPs) whose frequency supports increase significantly between transformed data sets. For instance, a TGP “the higher the speed, the lower the temperature, almost 3 minutes later” becomes a TGEP if it occurs more frequently in one transformed data set than in another. Furthermore, we extend border manipulation to the case of mining TGEPs. In addition, we propose a more efficient ant colony optimization technique that exploits a heuristic approach to construct TGEPs.
Kernel-Target Alignment Based Fuzzy Lagrangian Twin Bounded Support Vector Machine
Authors: Gupta Umesh , Gupta Deepak
Published: September 2021

To improve the generalization performance, we develop a new technique for handling the impacts of outliers using Lagrangian twin bounded SVM (TBSVM) with kernel fuzzy membership values, which is termed kernel-target alignment-based fuzzy Lagrangian twin bounded support vector machine (KTA-FLTBSVM). Here, the objective functions are having L2-norm vectors of the slack variable that leads to the optimization problem more convex and yields a unique global solution. Also, the fuzzy membership values are employing the importance of data samples assigned to each sample to minimize the impacts of outlier and noise. Further, we have suggested a linearly convergent iterative approach to obtain the solution of the problem unlike in place to solve the quadratic programming problem in Twin SVM (TSVM) and TBSVM. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed KTA-FLTBSVM, the comprehensive experiments demonstrate with other reported models on artificial datasets along with benchmark real-life publicly available datasets. Our KTA-FLTBSVM outperforms to other models in terms of better classification accuracy.
Robust Nonfragile Guaranteed Cost Control for Uncertain Fuzzy Markov Jump Systems with Time-Varying Delays
Authors: He Miao , Li Junmin , Zhao Tianxu
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to investigate the problem of robust nonfragile guaranteed cost control for uncertain discrete-time Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with Markov jumping parameters and time-varying delay. A nonfragile fuzzy-basis-dependent and mode-dependent controller is designed and a sufficient condition is developed to ensure that the resulting closed-loop system is robust asymptotically stable in mean square with guaranteed cost index not exceeding the specified upper bound. Subsequently, the controller gain and minimum upper bound of the guaranteed cost index can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. Compared with the existing literature, this paper enormously reduces the conservatism of the result obtained. Finally, numerical and practical examples are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Analysis of Structural Systems with Imprecise Uncertainties using High Dimensional Model Representation
Authors: Spoorthi S. K. , Balu A. S.
Published: September 2021

Uncertainties present in any structural system inherently affect the performance and design of the system. The sources of uncertainties serve the basis for delineating the types as aleatory or epistemic. The probabilistic models can be considered as the most valuable strategies to deal with aleatory uncertainties, while convex models, possibility theory, evidence theory and Bayesian probability theory can be used to deal with epistemic uncertainty. However, when only scarce datasets are available and knowledge is incomplete, a more general framework, such as probability-box, is more appropriate to describe the uncertainty. Furthermore, analysis of complex and multi-dimensional structures is expensive and time consuming when numerical techniques are used. Therefore, simulation of such structures for many realisation of uncertain input becomes a challenging task in the uncertainty analysis. In this paper, complex structural systems with imprecise uncertain input are studied and evaluated efficiently by High Dimensional Model Representation based uncertainty analysis.
Interaction of InIIIClPc and TlIIIClPc phthalocyanines with deprotonated porphyrin HTPP− anions. Metal-centred reduction of TlIIIClPc
Authors: Romanenko Nikita R. , Faraonov Maxim A. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Yudanova Evgeniya I. , Konarev Dmitri V.
Published: September 2021

Reactions of InIIIClPc or TlIIIClPc phthalocyanines with monodeprotonated tetraphenylporphyrin HTPP[Formula: see text] anions have been studied under reduction or in the presence of [Formula: see text]-methylimidazole ([Formula: see text]-MeIm). Formation of salt {InIII[Formula: see text]-MeIm)2(TPP[Formula: see text]}[Formula: see text]{InIII(Pc[Formula: see text]}[Formula: see text]⋅4C6H4Cl2 (1) justifies partial abstraction of indium(III) atoms from InIIIClPc to form cationic {InIII(TPP[Formula: see text]}[Formula: see text] porphyrins[Formula: see text]solvated by [Formula: see text]-MeIm and double-decker {InIII(Pc[Formula: see text]}[Formula: see text] anions. Crystals of TlI(HTPP[Formula: see text] (2) have been only obtained at the interaction of HTPP[Formula: see text] with TlIIIClPc under reduction indicating that TlIII is reduced to TlI and is abstracted by HTPP[Formula: see text]. To confirm the possibility of TlI formation under reduction we have studied reduction of TlIIIClPc by sodium fluorenone in the presence of cryptand[2.2.2]. Crystals of {Cryptand(Na[Formula: see text]}(TlI(Pc[Formula: see text]}[Formula: see text]⋅C6H4Cl[Formula: see text] (3) have been isolated indicating metal-centered reduction of TlIIIClPc to form TlI and preserving dianionic Pc[Formula: see text] macrocycles. Optical spectra and structures of the obtained compounds are discussed and compared with those of pristine MIIIClPc. It is shown that 1– 3 are EPR silent due to the formation of diamagnetic components.
A facile method for preparation of porous nitrogen-doped Ti3C2Tx MXene for highly responsive acetone detection at high temperature
Authors: Wang Zijing , Wang Fen , Hermawan Angga , Zhu Jianfeng , Yin Shu
Published: September 2021

Porous nitrogen-doped Ti3C2T[Formula: see text] MXene (N-TCT) with a three-dimensional network structure is synthesized via a simple sacrifice template method and then utilized as an acetone gas sensor. By introducing nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms into Ti3C2T[Formula: see text] nanosheets, some defects generate around the doped nitrogen atoms, which can greatly improve the surface hydrophilicity and adsorption capacity of Ti3C2T[Formula: see text] Mxene nanosheets. It resulted in the enhanced gas sensitivity, achieving a response value of about 36 ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] × 100%) and excellent recovery time (9s) at 150[Formula: see text]C. Compared with the pure Ti3C2T[Formula: see text]-based gas sensor (381/92s), the response and recovery time are both obviously improved, and the response value increased by 3.5 times. The gas-sensing mechanism of the porous N-TCT is also discussed in detail. Based on the excellent gas sensitivity of porous N-TCT for highly responsive acetone detection at high temperatures, the strategy of nitrogen-doped two-dimensional nanomaterials can be extended to other nanomaterials to realize their potential applications.
3D Printing of Skeleton Muscle Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
Authors: Song Ju Qing , Ye Xin Liang , Chen Wen Cong , Wang Li , Lu Bing Heng
Published: September 2021

The aim of skeletal muscle tissue engineering is to replace or repair skeletal muscle functions that have been injured or lost part of their functions. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering is an important strategy for muscle injury repair. The previous review on skeletal muscle tissue engineering was limited to the discussion of seed cells, biological materials and growth factors. In recent years, research results in this field have continued to emerge. This paper first briefly introduces the anatomy of skeletal muscle, and then combines the latest domestic and foreign study, from the basic problems of tissue engineering skeletal muscle construction to its vascularization, neuralization, etc., to review the current research status of skeletal muscle tissue engineering using three-dimensional (3D) printing, and look forward to its research prospects.
Analysis of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Sightings Reports: Determination of Factors Leading to High Sighting Reports
Authors: Pitcher Spencer Erik
Published: September 2021

Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) growth in the past several years has been rising at a steady pace which has complicated the attempts to safely integrate them into the National Airspace System, as evidenced by an increasing number of UAS sighting reports being submitted to the Federal Aviation Administration. The analysis consisted of a mixed method approach using quantitative analysis of more than 9000 Federal Aviation Administration Unmanned Aircraft System Sighting reports from 2015 through 2019, as well as U.S. Census data, and weather data. The qualitative analysis focused on UAS regulation, and heatmap data of both population density and UAS sighting location density. The findings for the five states with the most and the least sighting reports show that major metropolitan areas, which have high population and population density, higher median household incomes, high percentage of college graduates, and are located in areas that have stable weather and negligible weather effects such as rain and high winds during the summer months, have both high and concentrated levels of UAS sightings.
Dynamic Detection of Mobile Malware Using Smartphone Data and Machine Learning
Authors: Panman de Wit J. S. , Bucur D. , van der Ham J.
Published: September 2021

Mobile malware are malicious programs that target mobile devices. They are an increasing problem, as seen with the rise of detected mobile malware samples per year. The number of active smartphone users is expected to grow, stressing the importance of research on the detection of mobile malware. Detection methods for mobile malware exist but are still limited.

In this article, we provide an overview of the performance of machine learning (ML) techniques to detect malware on Android, without using privileged access. The ML-classifiers use device information such as the CPU usage, battery usage, and memory usage for the detection of 10 subtypes of Mobile Trojans on the Android Operating System.

We use a real-life dataset containing device and malware data from 47 users for a year (2016). We examine which features, i.e., aspects, of a device, are most important to monitor to detect (subtypes of) Mobile Trojans. The focus of this article is on dynamic hardware features. Using these dynamic features we apply state-of-the-art machine learning classifiers: Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbour, and AdaBoost. We show classification results on different feature sets, making a distinction between global device features, and specific app features. None of the measured feature sets require privileged access.

Our results show that the Random Forest classifier performs best as a general malware classifier: across 10 subtypes of Mobile Trojans, it achieves an F1 score of 0.73 with a False Positive Rate (FPR) of 0.009 and a False Negative Rate (FNR) of 0.380. The Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbours, and AdaBoost classifiers achieve F1 scores above 0.72, an FPR below 0.02 and, an FNR below 0.33, when trained separately to detect each subtype of Mobile Trojans.
Intracellular and exosomal microRNAome profiling of human vascular smooth muscle cells during replicative senescence
Authors: Nguyen Diem Duong Ngoc , Zain Shamsul Mohd , Kamarulzaman Mohd Hamzah , Low Teck Yew , Chilian William M. , Pan Yan , Ting Kang Nee , Hamid Aini , Abdul Kadir Arifah , Pung Yuh-Fen
Published: September 2021

This is the first study on intracellular and exosomal miRNA profiling on human vascular smooth muscle cells during replicative senescence. Specific dysregulated sets of miRNAs were identified from human vascular smooth muscle cells. Hsa-miR-155-5p was significantly downregulated in both intracellular and exosomal hVSMCs, suggesting its crucial role in cellular senescence. Hsa-miR-155-5p might be the mediator in linking cellular senescence to vascular aging and atherosclerosis.
Impaired macrophage trafficking and increased helper T-cell recruitment with loss of cadherin-11 in atherosclerotic immune response
Authors: Johnson Camryn L. , Riley Lance , Bersi Matthew , Linton MacRae F. , Merryman W. David
Published: September 2021

Cadherin-11 is well known to contribute to inflammatory and fibrotic disease. Here, we examined its role in atherosclerosis progression, which is predominantly an inflammatory process. We found that while cadherin-11 is associated with plaque progression, global loss of cadherin-11 exacerbated the disease phenotype. Moreover, loss of cadherin-11 in bone marrow-derived immune cells resulted in impaired macrophage migration and an unexplained increase in circulating helper T cells, presumably due to altered macrophage function without cadherin-11.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Suburethral Vaginal Mucosal Necrosis after Interstitial Irradiation for Recurrent Cervical Cancer
Authors: Arakaki Yoshihisa , Shimoji Yuko , Nakasone Tadaharu , Taira Yusuke , Nakamoto Tomoko , Kudaka Wataru , Mekaru Keiko , Aoki Yoichi
Published: September 2021

Patients with gynecological malignancies can develop radiation injuries, such as cystitis, proctitis, and soft tissue necrosis which have approved indications for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). A 76-year-old Japanese woman with vaginal recurrence of cervical cancer was treated with the high-dose rate interstitial brachytherapy. Twenty-one months after the irradiation, she developed radiation necrosis on the external urethral opening. Two cycles of HBOT were performed. HBOT consisted of delivering 100% oxygen for 60 minutes at 2.4 atmospheres absolute. Pressure exposure was performed once daily, 5 days a week for 6 weeks. Eventually, the necrotic mucosa was completely replaced by the normal mucosa. No adverse effects were observed. We successfully treated a case of late adverse events of radiation therapy with HBOT. It was noninvasive and appears to be a useful treatment option which should be considered standard treatment practice.
Effects of Femtocell Ultradense Deployment on Downlink Performance in LTE Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Al-omari Motea Saleh , Alomari Mohammad Ahmed , Ramli Abdul Rahman , Sali Aduwati , Azmir Raja Syamsul , Yusoff M. Hafiz
Published: September 2021

With huge number of smart gadgets and wireless devices being interconnected to each other, the demand for very high data bandwidth is becoming critically challenging. With such density of nodes inside wireless networks, providing high‐quality service as well as wide coverage in indoor environment is a real challenge, which is due to the limited radio frequency and intense interference between nodes. As a one way to solve such problem and improve indoor service quality, femtocells have been introduced as an extension to the existing macrocell stations. Although femtocell is a promising technology, the pervasive deployment of huge number of femtocells without very tight network planning as well as coverage strategy may worsen the problem and degrade the service quality. One important problem that needs to be addressed when deploying femtocell technology in heterogenous networks (HetNets) is mitigating the various types of cross‐tier and cotier interferences in between wireless cells. This study investigates the effect of unplanned ultradensity femtocell deployment in the downlink performance of two‐tier heterogeneous networks in urban area based on LTE system. Instead of deploying femtocells one by one, grids of size either (3 × 3) or (5 × 5) of neighboring femtocell will be deployed inside each macrocell sector area. The simulation results show that femtocell deployment improves overall average user throughput in case of low and medium density scenarios. However, for ultradensity scenario, there is no enhancement in terms of fairness and throughput. The results confirm that this leads to high degradation for macrocell and femtocell user performance due to the severe interference between macrocells and femtocells, as well as among neighboring femtocells in each grid.
The Influence of Complexity of Imported Products on Total Factor Productivity
Authors: Wang Nan , Liu Wei , Sun Shanwu , Wang Qingjun
Published: September 2021

The research results show that, all over the world, the increase in complexity of China’s imported products has significantly promoted the growth of total factor productivity and technological progress but has no obvious impact on technological efficiency. In “Belt and Road” samples, the increase in import product complexity did not improve the total factor productivity and technological progress, which had a negative impact on technical efficiency. Whether it is anywhere in the world or in the scope of “Belt and Road” countries, the import product density has a significantly positive impact on total factor productivity but has no significant effect on the promotion of technological progress and efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on adjusting the import trade structure of “Belt and Road” countries. Relying on the domestic consumer market, the manufacturing imports from countries along the “Belt and Road” route should be expanded so as to stimulate the promotion of domestic industrial total factor productivity.
Utilizing Artificial Neural Network for Load Prediction Caused by Fluid Sloshing in Tanks
Authors: Chegini Hossein Goudarzvand , Zarepour Gholamreza
Published: September 2021

In this research, neural network models were used to predict the action of sloshing phenomena in a tank containing fluid under harmonic excitation. A new methodology is proposed in this analysis to test and simulate fluid sloshing behavior in the tank. The sloshing behavior was first modeled using the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The backpropagation of the error algorithm was then used to apply the two multilayer feed-forward neural networks and the recurrent neural network. The findings of the SPH process are employed in the training and testing of neural networks. Input neural network data include the tank position, velocity, and acceleration, neural output data, and fluid sloshing curve wave position. The findings of the neural networks were correlated with the experimental evidence provided in the literature. The findings revealed that neural networks can be used to predict fluid sloshing.
An Improved Prony Prediction Compensation‐Based Wide‐Area Damping Control Approach for Power System Low‐Frequency Oscillation Suppression
Authors: Chang Shujun , Peng Chao , Hu Yuyang , Mou Yaxue
Published: September 2021

Currently, wide‐area damping control has been considered one of the most effective and promising methods to solve the problem of interval low‐frequency oscillation in power systems. In order to reduce adverse affection caused by time delay in acquisition and transmission of wide‐area signals, an improved Prony prediction compensation‐based wide‐area damping control approach for power system low‐frequency oscillation suppression is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the influence of communication time delay on power system stability is analyzed by a small disturbance stability analysis method. An algorithm based on the improved Prony prediction algorithm is designed to predict the acquired signals with time delay. A second derivative‐based order determination algorithm is used to obtain the best effective order of the prediction model, and the parameter prediction step size of the prediction model is determined by the actual situation of time delay change. Finally, design of a wide‐area damping controller based on the improved Prony prediction compensation is presented in detail. The proposed control approach is conducted in a four‐machine and two‐zone power system, and the experiment results show that the proposed approach can effectively compensate for the signal under the conditions of fixed time delay and variable time delay and has better adaptability advantages than the traditional Prony prediction compensation method.
Brain Organoids: Studying Human Brain Development and Diseases in a Dish
Authors: Xu Jie , Wen Zhexing
Published: September 2021

With the rapid development of stem cell technology, the advent of three-dimensional (3D) cultured brain organoids has opened a new avenue for studying human neurodevelopment and neurological disorders. Brain organoids are stem-cell-derived 3D suspension cultures that self-assemble into an organized structure with cell types and cytoarchitectures recapitulating the developing brain. In recent years, brain organoids have been utilized in various aspects, ranging from basic biology studies, to disease modeling, and high-throughput screening of pharmaceutical compounds. In this review, we overview the establishment and development of brain organoid technology, its recent progress, and translational applications, as well as existing limitations and future directions.