bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Système productif local : l’industrie métal-mécanique au Sud du Brésil
Authors: Neumann Gonçalves Marguit
Published: September 2015

En tenant compte de la récente mise en œuvre de la politique des APLs (Arranjos produtivos locais) au Brésil, ce chapitre a pour objectif de répondre aux questions suivantes : comment le territoire peut-il apporter la réponse à ses besoins dans un pays émergent comme le Brésil ? Est-ce-que les acteurs locaux ont la capacité de contrôler et d’internaliser les connaissances et les informations venant de l’extérieur ? Les réflexions ont été menées à partir d’un cas concret. Il s’agit d’une étude de l’APL métal-mécanique situé dans la région du plateau de l’État du Rio Grande do Sul / Brésil, région spécialisée dans la production de machines et équipements agricoles. Ce travail s’inscrit dans cette perspective en tenant compte des spécificités brésiliennes, différentes de celles de l’Europe, notamment de la France et de l’Italie : la dimension géographique, les déséquilibres économiques, politiques et sociaux entre les régions, les relations étroites entre l’agriculture et l’industrie (relation directe où l’agriculture constitue le marché pour l’industrie).
Mémoire et patrimoine : pour une approche des régimes de patrimonialisation
Authors: Davallon Jean
Published: September 2015

L’exercice théorique livré dans ce chapitre consiste à interroger l’évolution du modèle de la patrimonialisation, développé antérieurement par l’auteur (2006), à partir du cas du patrimoine matériel lorsqu’on le déplace vers le patrimoine immatériel. L’enjeu de l’approche est de mettre en discussion l’étape de la rupture entre le monde d’origine des objets patrimoniaux et le monde présent, qui était posée comme nécessaire dans la production patrimoniale, alors même qu’elle semble ne plus être effective avec le patrimoine immatériel qui assurerait une continuité entre les deux mondes. Mais dans le cas d’une telle continuité, quelle différence y aurait-il entre les définitions culturelle et juridique du patrimoine ? Ce chapitre est l’occasion d’analyser le processus de transmission du patrimoine immatériel en regardant finement s’opérer le passage d’une transmission dans la société à une transmission sur la société. Les enjeux théoriques autour des modes d’existence du patrimoine immatériel dans la société sont donnés à comprendre à travers l’exemple simple et efficace des chants traditionnels à plusieurs voix de Corse inscrits sur la liste Unesco de sauvegarde d’urgence du patrimoine culturel immatériel de l’humanité.
La médiation d’authenticité des substituts numériques
Authors: Tardy Cécile
Published: September 2015

Ce chapitre porte sur la circulation sociale des collections patrimoniales photographiques d’un musée à partir de leur transformation en image numérique. La numérisation ne se pose pas comme une seule question de ressemblance avec l’objet patrimonial à représenter mais bien comme une question d’ordre communicationnelle. Car la numérisation modifie essentiellement la relation de la société au patrimoine dès lors que le substitut n’est plus conçu comme un seul support d’enregistrement pour des spécialistes mais un support de médiation du patrimoine pour les publics.L’analyse cherche à comprendre plus spécifiquement le problème posé à la médiation de la représentation du rapport à l’authenticité par le substitut numérique et non plus par l’objet patrimonial. Comment mettre en scène l’authenticité à partir des substituts de patrimoines ? La recherche est conduite à partir du cas de l’application Iphone Musée Urbain MTL présentée par le musée canadien d’histoire sociale McCord, consistant à faire projeter par l’usager les images des archives photographiques Notman dans la ville même de Montréal, sur le lieu original des prises de vue. L’enjeu est de poser le questionnement de la médiation de l’authenticité dans une situation où le musée pousse à l’extrême la logique d’usage de ses substituts en mobilisant leur capacité à la fois de réinvestissement dans des dispositifs informatiques à écran et de mobilité en dehors des murs de l’institution muséale.L’analyse rend compte de trois moments du processus au cours duquel s’instaurent les conditions de la transmission d’authenticité par les substituts : d’abord la mise en scène de la relation des substituts au monde d’origine des collections, qui allie spectacle technologique et tradition touristique ; ensuite l’opération de validation de l’authenticité patrimoniale par l’assemblage entre deux vues sur la ville, celle du passé donnée par chaque substitut et celle présente et actuelle ; enfin la représentation de la présence de l’institution muséale comme garante de l’authenticité de la relation entre le substitut et le monde d’origine des collections.Au cours de ce processus de médiation en milieu urbain, l’analyse montre que les substituts sont désormais associés à des logiques de marque muséale.
Patrimonialiser la mémoire de la guerre au musée : entre Histoire et témoignage
Authors: Cendoya-Lafleur Jessica , Lavorel Marie , Davallon Jean
Published: September 2015

Construire le patrimoine d’événements historiques conflictuels contemporains implique un processus d’écriture partagé entre experts et communautés sociales afin d’en dégager une signification porteuse de valeurs au sein de l’espace public. Le témoignage, qu’il soit incarné par des porteurs de mémoire ou matérialisé par une œuvre d’art, participe à la transmission de ce passé difficile au sein de musées d’histoire, de société et d’art, et devient un objet central dans le processus de patrimonialisation de la mémoire des conflits. Nous tenterons, à partir des cas du musée de la Résistance de la Déportation de l’Isère (MRDI) et du musée national centre d’art Reina Sofia à Madrid (MNCARS), d’analyser la place du témoignage dans la mise en patrimoine de la mémoire de la déportation et de la guerre civile. Il s’agira, tant sur le plan de sa conception, lors de l’actualisation de la salle du MRDI dédiée à la déportation, que de sa réception, dans les salles d’exposition consacrées au Guernica de Picasso, d’observer et de comprendre l’opérativité du processus de patrimonialisation.
Memória e patrimônio: por uma abordagem dos regimes de patrimonialização
Authors: Davallon Jean
Published: September 2015

O exercício teórico exposto neste capítulo consiste em questionar a evolução do modelo da patrimonialização, desenvolvido anteriormente pelo autor (2006), a partir do caso do patrimônio material quando deslocado para o patrimônio imaterial. O desafio da abordagem é colocar em discussão a etapa da ruptura entre o mundo de origem dos objetos patrimoniais e o mundo do tempo presente. Essa etapa havia sido colocada como necessária na produção patrimonial, ainda que pareça não ser mais efetiva com relação ao patrimônio imaterial, uma vez que este garantiria uma continuidade entre os dois mundos. Porém, no caso de uma tal continuidade, que diferença haveria entre as definições cultural e jurídica do patrimônio? Este capítulo nos permite analisar o processo de transmissão do patrimônio imaterial pela observação cuidadosa da passagem de uma transmissão oral na sociedade para uma transmissão sobre a sociedade. Os desafios teóricos em torno desses modos de existência do patrimônio imaterial na sociedade serão explanados por meio do exemplo simples e eficaz dos cantos tradicionais com várias vozes, oriundos da Córsega e inscritos na lista da UNESCO de salvaguarda de urgência do patrimônio cultural imaterial da humanidade.
Patrimônio em rede: a cinza, a brasa e os direitos indígenas no Brasil
Authors: Freire José Ribamar Bessa , Leite Renata Daflon
Published: September 2015

Este artigo discute o uso das tecnologias digitais por sujeitos indígenas de diferentes etnias no Brasil, procurando destacar o impacto das tecnologias da informação e comunicação digitais na consolidação do patrimônio e identidade indígenas. O artigo enfoca os trabalhos de uma memória criativa construída de forma processual e colaborativa, contrapondo-se à ideia comumente aceita de que a memória é constituída apenas do passado. Afinal, para os Guarani, o passado não está antes do presente, mas dentro do presente. O uso das tecnologias digitais por índios de diferentes etnias no Brasil ocorre dentro de um contexto de tensão entre a tradição e a inovação, trazendo consequências sociopolíticas e culturais, especialmente no campo da identidade e da memória. O patrimônio em rede preservado com o auxílio das tecnologias da informação e comunicação digitais, implica sujeitos ativos e empenhados em sua preservação, eles mesmos autoimplicados neste processo, pois, enquanto reconstroem seu patrimônio, também reconstroem seus modos de subjetivação, efetuando uma escrita de si inseparável de uma escrita do mundo.A eclosão de microliberdades indígenas, através do povoamento do território digital, realiza efeitos de pressão sobre uma cultura massiva que se quer universal e que compreende o “índio” como uma ideia romântica, geral e ligada à noção de atraso intelectual, econômico e cultural. Esses movimentos de pressão são capazes de provocar uma “desterritorialização da maioria”, aqui entendida conforme o conceito de Deleuze, pois, ao mesmo tempo em que a experiência tecnossocial possibilita meios favoráveis a uma construção identitária dos sujeitos indígenas, também impulsiona uma desterritorialização da noção genérica de “índio”.Apresentamos um estudo de caso do blogue Índios online, como exemplo do uso das tecnologias digitais pelos índios. Entendemos que este blogue favorece um reconhecimento das narrativas indígenas, ainda que elas não componham a história oficial da nação, fazendo-as emergir e sair do grau de “apagamento” na memória coletiva. Cada post traz a subjetividade de seu autor e sua identidade indígena, já que se trata de uma mídia em que a autoria é imprescindível para sua construção. Desta forma, a internet apresenta-se como um poderoso instrumento em prol da defesa dos direitos indígenas. O blogue interétnico Índios online nos mostra que o patrimônio em rede é muito mais uma prática social viva a ser preservada do que um legado intocável a ser transmitido.
A mediação de autenticidade dos substitutos digitais
Authors: Tardy Cécile
Published: September 2015

Este capítulo centra-se na circulação social das coleções patrimoniais fotográficas de um museu a partir de sua transformação em imagem digital. A digitalização não se coloca como apenas uma questão de similaridade com o objeto patrimonial a ser representado, mas sim como uma questão que concerne a comunicação. A digitalização altera essencialmente a relação do patrimônio da sociedade com o patrimônio no momento em que o substituto não é mais concebido pelos especialistas como apenas um suporte de registro, mas como um suporte de mediação do patrimônio para os públicos.A análise procura entender mais especificamente o problema suscitado pela mediação da representação da relação com a autenticidade feita pelo substituto digital e não mais pelo objeto patrimonial. Como encenar a autenticidade a partir dos substitutos de patrimônios? A pesquisa foi realizada a partir do caso do aplicativo para iPhone Musée Urbain MTL [Museu Urbano de Montreal], apresentado pelo Museu Canadense de História Social McCord, que consiste em fazer os usuários projetarem as imagens dos Arquivos Fotográficos Notman na própria cidade de Montreal, no local original onde as fotografias foram tiradas. O desafio é questionar a mediação da autenticidade num contexto em que o museu leva ao extremo a lógica do uso de seus substitutos, mobilizando sua capacidade de reinvestimento em dispositivos digitais com tela e de mobilidade fora das paredes do museu.A análise aborda três fases do processo durante o qual se instauram as condições para a transmissão de autenticidade pelos substitutos: a primeira é a encenação da relação dos substitutos com o mundo de origem das coleções, que alia espetáculo tecnológico e tradição turística; em seguida, a operação de validação de autenticidade do patrimônio pela conexão entre duas vistas da cidade: a do passado, dada por cada substituto, e a do presente e atual; e, finalmente, a representação da presença da instituição museal como garantia da autenticidade da relação entre o substituto e o mundo original das coleções.Durante esse processo de mediação em ambiente urbano, a análise mostra que os substitutos estão agora associados às lógicas da marca museal.
As ilustrações do passado arqueológico: entre interpretação científica, testemunho e memória social
Authors: Flon Émilie
Published: September 2015

As pesquisas arqueológicas dão origem, desde o século xix, a representações gráficas ou plásticas dos homens do passado, de seus comportamentos, relações sociais e estilo de vida. Os arqueólogos utilizam frequentemente suportes outros que a publicação científica para divulgar informações ou suas descobertas junto a um público mais amplo do que o composto por seus pares. Dessa forma, lançam mão de ilustradores para representar o passado arqueológico em publicações destinadas a um público amplo ou ainda em exposições. A contribuição ora apresentada objetiva examinar o papel das ilustrações do passado arqueológico no processo de construção social do passado.Tais representações gráficas instigam inúmeras questões nos próprios arqueólogos, uma vez que são uma interpretação do passado alimentada pelo estado dos conhecimentos arqueológicos num momento dado, mas também devido ao contexto de trabalho dos arqueólogos e artistas: seus preconceitos, opiniões, e mais globalmente, sua cultura visual e social.Essas ilustrações questionam ainda os processos de patrimonialização e de memoração do passado. Elas são, por sua lógica de produção, ao mesmo tempo, uma representação do conhecimento científico num momento dado e uma obra que tem dimensão artística e é criada por um indivíduo. Em suma, o ilustrador é colocado na condição de representar cenas do passado a que ele não assistiu, mas que ele deve, em sua maior parte, ser capaz de atestar. Isso não significaria produzir uma espécie de memória do passado arqueológico, de memória legítima de um passado, no entanto inacessível?A hipótese aqui desenvolvida é a de que o ilustrador de arqueologia ocupa a mesma posição social de que da testemunha ocular no contexto social cotidiano, jurídico e histórico. De um ponto de vista sociológico, a definição da verdade fatual não depende mais de uma capacidade individual para se recordar ou representar a realidade do passado. O testemunho se define fundamentalmente (1) pelo duplo discurso que fornece: ao mesmo tempo, participação no reconhecimento dos acontecimentos como fatos reais e julgamento emitido sobre essa realidade;(2) por seu estatuto, que se baseia na audiência e na confiança concedida à testemunha. Esses dois pontos associam a ilustração do passado arqueológico e o fenômeno do testemunho.Nossa reflexão baseia-se em materiais que traduzem a existência social da ilustração no contexto científico da arqueologia, e no contexto de sua divulgação para os públicos. O corpus é composto, de um lado, por entrevistas feitas com os seguintes ilustradores, considerando suas práticas e produções: Jean-Claude Golvin e Benoît Clarys. De outro, é formado por documentos relativos às suas práticas e produções: uma revisão da literatura sobre a problemática da ilustração em arqueologia, uma série importante de artigos escritos por Jean-Claude Golvin sobre as regras de produção das ilustrações, catálogos de exposição contendo textos sobre as ilustrações e seus processos de realização e, enfim, as próprias ilustrações.
Patrimonializar a memória da guerra no museu: entre História e testemunho
Authors: Cendoya-Lafleur Jessica , Lavorel Marie , Davallon Jean
Published: September 2015

Construir o patrimônio de eventos históricos contemporâneos conflitantes implica um processo de escrita compartilhado entre especialistas e comunidades sociais, a fim de identificar um significado portador de valores no seio do espaço público. Se for incorporado pelos detentores de memória ou materializado por uma obra de arte, o testemunho participará da transmissão desse passado difícil no âmbito de museus de história, de sociedade e de arte, tornando-se um objeto central no processo de patrimonialização da memória dos conflitos. Tentaremos, a partir dos estudos de caso do Museu da Resistência da Deportação de Isère (MRDI) e do Museu Nacional Centro de Arte Rainha Sofia (MNCARS), situado em Madrid , analisar o lugar do testemunho na patrimonialização da memória da deportação e da Guerra Civil. Trata-se, tanto no plano de sua concepção, durante a atualização da sala do MRDI dedicada à Deportação, como no de sua recepção, nas salas de exposição dedicadas ao Guernica de Picasso, de observar e compreender a operacionalidade do processo de patrimonialização.
Inovação e território ou a história de uma relação especial
Authors: Courlet Claude
Published: September 2015

Para a tecnologia, como para a pesquisa de base, a aprendizagem é um produto da atividade de pesquisa. Portanto, há um conhecimento implícito no ato de pesquisar. Isso confirma a importância da proximidade geográfica entre os agentes econômicos e os incentiva a considerar a importância das redes de conhecimento especializadas. Essa ideia se baseia em diversos estudos que se fundamentam na observação dos grupos conhecidos por “high tech” em algumas cidades (Vale do Silício, Rota 128, Grenoble, Toulouse, etc.) e que se resumem em torno da noção de meios de inovação. Mais recentemente, essa ideia foi impulsionada consideravelmente pela economia do saber e do conhecimento para transformar radicalmente as abordagens tradicionais do desenvolvimento. Os proponentes das teorias do saber e do conhecimento consideram que o “saber” substituiu os recursos naturais e o trabalho físico como ferramenta do desenvolvimento econômico. Nesse novos contextos, as cidades e o território tornam-se as bases para atrair os talentos necessários para a criação e a inovação. A teoria dos meios de inovação e as pesquisas recentes da economia do conhecimento fornecem uma interpretação interessante para se abordar a análise de casos concretos em um longo período: é o que será apresentado neste capítulo, tendo-se como exemplo Grenoble, na França. O capítulo mostra, em primeiro lugar, como Grenoble é um território inovador, e, em seguida, analisa sua trajetória dividida em frequentes bifurcações. Inserida no contexto desta problemática, a aglomeração de Grenoble é uma “aldeia” na rede mundial de ciência e tecnologia. É o produto de uma história exemplar e apresenta todas as características de um ambiente inovador. Sua dinâmica de períodos longos está atrelada ao estabelecimento de efeitos relacionais que são construídos e que devem ser renovados com o passar do tempo a partir de processos de ruptura/bifurcação ligados às questões da economia do conhecimento. Ao longo da história, constatamos o papel das redes entre os atores, isto é, os efeitos relacionais. Porém, isso não é automático e a história de Grenoble é marcada por fases de estabilidade e de instabilidade. Constatamos a existência dos sistemas de alianças entre categorias de atores que, certamente, podem ter conflitos entre si, mas que ainda são capazes de adotar uma visão comum e defendê-la para além das fronteiras de Grenoble.
A Lab-to-Market Ecosystem in an Academic Environment
Authors: Dye Craig W. , Barbe David F.
Published: September 2015

This chapter will examine the challenges and opportunities confronted in the commercialization of research-based technologies in a university setting. Particular focus will be brought to the identification and creation of a university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem and ways of sustaining it. To provide more detailed context, the authors will cite specific programs and outcomes from these programs, resources and strategies currently utilized and embodied by the Maryland Technology Enterprise Institute, Mtech, at the University of Maryland, College Park (UMD). Particular challenges and obstacles will be discussed including intellectual property issues, conflicts of commitment, and conflicts of interest. Finally, as a way of assisting others in creating a university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem, guidance will be given as to the resources necessary to create and sustain it.
Lean Startup for Academic Entrepreneurship
Authors: Chung Jim
Published: September 2015

This chapter describes how the Lean Startup approach has been applied at the George Washington University to enhance the technology transfer function. The nascent Lean Startup approach, as embodied in the National Science Foundation's Innovation Corps (NSF I-CorpsTM) program, presents an exciting new platform for universities and their Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) to build scalable launchpads for research-based startup efforts. Traditional university technology transfer techniques have yielded mixed results in commercializing inventions of their researchers. The NSF I-CorpsTM program is fostering a new generation of researchers who can better understand and bridge the gap between lab and market. It provides an intensive boot camp that guides researchers through an interview-based customer development process to determine whether there is an appropriate product market fit for their inventions. These Lean Startup-savvy researchers are better able to work with their TTOs, entrepreneurs, and industry to improve the prospects for startup success. Their future research initiatives also benefit from being informed about what commercially relevant problems exist in their areas of expertise.
COTEC's Technology Commercialization Accelerator (Act®)
Authors: Vilarinho Pedro M.
Published: September 2015

This chapter describes, from a practitioner's perspective, COTEC's Technology Commercialization Accelerator (Act®) - a nationwide venture engine that aims at creating social and economic value from the knowledge generated by researchers, by supporting them in the creation of high-tech / high-growth ventures. To contextualize the environment in which Act® was created and operates, a set of statistical data that is relevant to characterize the Portuguese knowledge creation and deployment landscape is provided early in the chapter. Then, the different stages of the unique technology valorisation process employed by Act® are detailed. The main figures regarding Act's achievements, since it was created in 2004, will then be provided, together with a short description of some of the start-ups created with Act® support. Finally, the lessons learned throughout Act's development and an overview of the challenges that will frame its future development are provided.
An Effective Model for University-Industry Research Collaboration
Authors: Naft Joseph
Published: September 2015

This chapter describes the Maryland Industrial Partnerships (MIPS) program, its genesis, operations, record, and impact. Founded in 1987, MIPS provides funding, matched by participating companies, for university-based research projects that help Maryland companies develop new products. Startup companies find the program attractive in leveraging their scarce resources in a non-dilutive, non-debt manner and effective in enlisting expert faculty and students in developing their company products. The State of Maryland finds the MIPS program attractive because of its significant economic impact and its high-multiple return of tax dollars to the State. The University System of Maryland faculty have embraced the program for the industry collaborations created and research funding provided. The effectiveness of the MIPS program is greatly enhanced by Maryland's robust innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem built up over decades, a build-up whose acceleration coincided with the 1983 creation of MIPS' parent organization, now known as the Maryland Technology Enterprise Institute.
The Crowdsourcing Scheme as an Innovative Management Tool in University Spin-Offs
Authors: Kopeć Katarzyna , Szopa Anna
Published: September 2015

Crowdsourcing is an emerging technique adopted by companies in the process of innovation. It can be also adopted by university spin-offs that play the significant role in the process of knowledge and technology transfer. In recent years, they have been researched from diverse perspectives. However, there are hardly any studies based on university spin-offs that have implemented crowdsourcing. This chapter presents how crowdsourcing business model might be applied to develop a university spin-off. The paper explains the rationale behind the adaptation of crowdsourcing by innovation-driven spin-offs. One overarching question of the chapter is “Can crowdsourcing be well adopted by university spin-offs?” Our study will open new paths for research and discussion, and its results will be supportive for decision making in the context of innovation and entrepreneurship. The logic of this paper is to speculate how university spin-offs can create value with the groups of online users through adopting crowdsourcing in its operation.
Social Bootstrapping
Authors: Sahlin John P.
Published: September 2015

Just as the three most important aspects of real estate are: Location, Location, Location, it can be said that the three most important aspects of seeking funds for major projects are Access, Access, Access. The advent of social media has opened a new avenue for artists and non-profits to fund their programs: social bootstrapping. This chapter will address the use of social media platforms to raise funds for major arts and nonprofit projects. This chapter will also consider the implications of social media to fund niche programs that may be considered “too risky” to fund under the traditional rules or those that simply don't have the access to major contributors. Pioneers in the arts and nonprofit industries have successfully adopted the best practices of the technology industry and used social media platforms to secure funding that would not traditionally be available.
Globalisation, the Internet, and the Nation-State
Authors: Virkar Shefali
Published: September 2015

Our world today is in the midst of an historical change. Globalisation and spectacular advances in technology have given us an unprecedented peek into the future: a glimpse into a highly interconnected world governed by new paradigms, where the cost of transmitting and accessing an infinite amount of information is virtually nothing, where physical boundaries no longer limit human action – in short, a world characterised by the breakdown of conventional political, social, and economic institutions and systems previously considered rock-solid; spearheaded by the rise of the Internet and its associated technologies, platforms, and applications. This book chapter attempts a critical analysis of the relationship between Globalisation, the Internet, and the State. In evaluating the arguments that present the Internet as a threat to nation-state sovereignty, the work attempts to challenge accepted wisdom; purporting instead to demonstrate that, in many cases, the Internet, far from posing any threat to the attenuation of political power, actually strengthens the hand of the nation-state.
Cyberbullying Prevention
Authors: Marzano Gilberto
Published: September 2015

The Internet is a really wide, intriguing world, difficult to penetrate in depth, rich with dissimulations, full of useful and also evil things, that are continuously changing. Cyberbullying represents an actual risk, especially for the online generation which is often unable to distinguish between virtual and real-reality. The first step for cyberbullying prevention is the knowledge acquisition of what cyberbullying is and how it occurs within a specific context. This is not an easy task, since cyberbullying is a complex and quite new phenomenon, so much that researchers' opinion is often divided on its definition and there isn't agreement on the extent of its diffusion. This article presents and comments some cyberbullying preventing tips, inspired by the “top ten tips” that Hinduja and Patchin suggested to educators engaged in cyberbullying prevention.
The Extensive Communication to Hybridism and “Animaverbivocovisualidade” (AV3)
Authors: Miranda Antonio , Simeão Elmira Luzia
Published: September 2015

AV3 consists of a type of language that is presented by means of technological convergence, complemented by hybridism of formats and records, that awakens a creative action which integrates the senses. This language has been empowering the composition of structures of information, making it more complex and eclectic in terms of content, and also, ever more “charming” and enticing not only to the “eye”, but to a unified perception of all the senses. The language of the combinatory AV3 engages the organization of compounds. It derived from conventional structures of text, image and sound in order to transform them into new structures, reconciling their differences in concrete possibilities of information and direction.
#ConnectedYouthBrazil Research: Emerging Literacies in a Hyperconnected Society
Authors: Passarelli Brasilina , Vetritti Fabiana Grieco Cabral de Mello
Published: September 2015

A new logic emerged in the hyperconnected contemporary society, contributing to a new kind of social agent. The emergence of social networks evolved to a diverse agents' profile, especially among the connected youth. To understand better this context a study was conducted focusing the opportunities, changes and trends of Brazilian connected youth behavior in the digital age, considering four research areas: social attitudes, education, entrepreneurship and activism. Entitled #ConnectedYouthBrazil, the research is complex and innovative in multiple dimensions with a mix of extensive quantitative survey and qualitative methodological approach, which included Internet monitoring (E-Meter), in-depth interviews and focus groups. The main research results presented in this chapter can inspire further discussion on the connected youth.
Brazil 4D
Authors: Castro Cosette , Freitas Cristiana
Published: September 2015

In this chapter, we will debate about the free-to-air model of interactive digital television (iTVD) developed in Brazil, about its characteristics, and the interactive digital audiovisual content produced for this type of television. In the Introduction, we reflect about different aspects of the social and economic uneven development of Latin America and Caribean, especially in Brazil. We also discuss about the concepts of innovation, strategic development, and how we believe that it is necessary to include communication, education and culture inside the debates about innovation and technology. After this, we show the Brazilian model of free-to-air digital television, a unique model in the world, because of its middleware Ginga, a Brazilian technology developed in open source, that permits free interactivity, mobility, interoperability, multiprogramming, accessibility and portability for everyone. In the third part, we focus on the BRAZIL 4D Project, developed by Communications Company Brazil (EBC), a public company, using free-to-air interactive digital public television and telecommunications to offer information, fiction, and public services to low-income population through remote control. This Project contributes to the social and digital inclusion of Brazilian people without access to information and communication technologies (ICTs), about 14.5 million of families or 60 million of low-income people.
A Netnographic Approach on Digital Emerging Literacies in the Digital Inclusion Program AcessaSP - Brazil
Authors: Botelho-Francisco Rodrigo Eduardo
Published: September 2015

This chapter presents survey made in one of the largest programs of Brazilian digital inclusion, AcessaSP, responsible for the provision of spaces for access and interact with information and communication technologies in virtually every city in the State of São Paulo. It is reported netnographic qualitative research with actors in network of telecentres and infocenters goers. The text is organized to discuss the digital inclusion from the perspective of interactivity and emergent literacies, affiliate concept of this work, we consider important to the understanding of skills, abilities and skills in appropriating digital. Completion of some topics considered vectors of digital inclusion for its apparent ability to conduct important experiments in the development of literacies of an autonomous process, can be inferred from including social networking, games, mobile, interpersonal communication, production multimedia and work and entrepreneurship.
Institutional Policies for Digital Inclusion in Spain
Authors: Colmenero-Ruiz Maria-Jesús , Pérez-Lorenzo Belén
Published: September 2015

This chapter describes the evolution and results of the Spanish Policies of digital inclusion, since its inception in 2000 in the framework of the EU Lisbon Strategy (eEurope 2002) to the present, with special emphasis on cases of greater relevance. It reviews the different plans implemented at the country successively during that period of time. As a result of the Spanish political organization into Autonomous Communities, the direct application of these policies has corresponded to each of them, which adapted the outline to their interests and needs. So, it analyzes the situation in three of the Autonomous Communities, Catalonia, Andalusia and Extremadura, with different demographic and economic characteristics, providing recent indicators and the programs that are in development just now.
Technological Illusions and Educational Resistances
Authors: Villanueva-Mansilla Eduardo
Published: September 2015

OLPC, the One Laptop Per Child initiative, was accepted by just a few countries, including Peru. The largest acquisition of computers has produced a fairly low impact in education and is now being quietly phased-out. Peru's government decision to adopt the computers, back in 2007, was not contested or questioned by the political class, the media or even teachers, with just a rather small number of specialists arguing against it. This chapters discussed the political and argumentative processes that brought OLPC into the public sphere, through the use of a specific narrative, that of hackerism, i.e., the hacker attitude towards computers, and how social and political validation resulted in adoption. An assessment of the process of framing OLPC as a hacker product and the perils of such reasoning lead to discuss the need for a counter-narrative about the role of computers in society.
Digital Inclusion Programs in South America
Authors: Ceretta María Gladys , Canzani Javier
Published: September 2015

This chapter aims to provide an overview of digital inclusion in Mercosur countries. It is particularly focused on the description of the Plan Ceibal in Uruguay which is considered a national public policy. It promotes the integration of Uruguayan citizens in a digital context, contributing to equity and democratization of information and knowledge. This plan is based on the experience promoted by Negroponte OLPC. It was adapted to the peculiarities and needs of Uruguay. It was implemented in stages, beginning with a geographical area of the country that served as a pilot one. There were delivered more than 350,000 laptops for children in all primary schools of the whole country. Currently, the Plan also applies to secondary education level. It is presented data on assessments and studies about the implementation of the Plan.
Mobile Music
Authors: Feijóo Claudio , Ramos Sergio , Bleda Victoria
Published: September 2015

Music industry is arguably the foremost example of the advantages and disadvantages of having been exposed early on to digitalization. But not only has music been a pioneer in the area of digitalization, but it has also been one of the first sectors in the content industry to be massively “mobilized”. It is therefore an area where lessons can be learnt for other mobile media and content market segments. From this framework, this chapter examines four main stages in the evolution of mobile music, investigates in some detail the emerging business models in the domain and concludes with the main challenges and opportunities for mobile music.
The Message Is the Medium
Authors: Perales Verónica
Published: September 2015

The aim of this chapter is to examine in depth the potential for ecological awareness that emerging artistic and creative narrative practices involving mobility may possess. In order to do so, this chapter will analyze the current situation in reference to several projects that exemplify this potential. Our time sees the coming of the Creative Activist in a practice that uses art and media to scale up the ecological message to a global level, to reach a lot of people and to move them.
Voice Application Generator Platform for Real Time Multimedia Vehicle Sensor based Notifications
Authors: Cueva-Fernandez Guillermo , Espada Jordán Pascual , García-Díaz Vicente
Published: September 2015

Nowadays, many software applications are used to offer services or functionalities to drivers. Even though, there is a lack of applications that offer drivers the possibility to express their need to generate a specific application in real time. In this research, the authors present an innovative platform that allows users to generate multimedia web applications that use real time vehicle sensor information. The creation of applications is specified through a voice interface to allow users to generate applications while driving. Information used in the applications is collected combining mobile device sensors (accelerometer, GPS, light sensor, barometer, etc.) and vehicle real time On-board Diagnosis port information (speed, engine revolutions per minute, fuel consumption, coolant temperature, throttle, battery voltage, etc.). The domain of generated applications includes driving safety, road state, parameter notifications, social applications, etc. The generated applications can display visual information systems such as maps, audio, video and measurement gauges. For the analysis of this paper, the authors present three prototypes to demonstrate the platform capabilities.
Proposing and Testing SOA Governance Process
Authors: Koumaditis Konstantinos , Themistocleous Marinos
Published: September 2015

Longstanding Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) integration challenges drove healthcare organisations to invest in new paradigms like Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Yet, SOA holds challenges of its own, with SOA Governance surfacing on the top. This research depicts the development of a conceptual SOA Governance Element entitled “SOA Governance Process”. ?his element is part of a SOA Governance framework that includes nine distinctive elements with SOA Governance Process being one of the critical ones. The conceptualisation of the proposed element is based on the authors' previous research, grounded in the normative literature and further developed to include healthcare aspects. The proposition is tested in a large Greek hospital utilising qualitative methods and the findings presented herein. This proposal aims to pinpoint attributes and guidelines for SOA Governance Process, required to successfully govern SOA and tackle longstanding HIS challenges.
Identifying Bands in the Knowledge Exchange Spectrum in an Online Health Infomediary
Authors: Yim Dobin , Khuntia Jiban , Argyris Young
Published: September 2015

Online health infomediaries have the objective of knowledge exchange between participants. Visitor contribution is an important factor for the success of the infomediaries. Providers engaged with infomediaries need visitor identification for reputational incentives. However, identification or classification of visitors in online health infomediaries is sparse in literature. This study proposes two dimensions of participation, the intention and intensity levels of visitors, to conceptualize four user categories: community supporters, experiencer providers, knowledge questors, and expertise contributors. The authors validate these categories using a unique large data set collected from a health infomediary for cosmetic surgery, and consisting of 162,598 observed activities of 44,350 visitors, at different participation levels in the year 2012-13. They use cluster analysis to describe similarities and differences among the four user categories. Practice implications are discussed.
Improvement of Power System Dynamic Stability Based on Fuzzy Logic Power System Stabilizer (FLPSS)
Authors: Irwanto Muhammad , Gomesh N. , Irwan Y.M. , Malek F. , Mamat M.R. , Alam Hermansyah , Masri M.
Published: September 2015

Generally this project is to improve the dynamic power system stability using fuzzy logic power system stabilizer (FLPSS) which applied to the excitation system. This research is started by electric power system mathematic modelling (state variable equation) and block diagram then set membership function of fuzzy logic power system stabilizer (FLPSS). Block diagram model (plant system) is formed from state variable equation. The plant is controlled by fuzzy logic power system stabilizer (FLPSS) which its input and output from the rotor speed and to excitation system, respectively. To observe the oscillation of dynamic power system stability, the electrical power is varied ± 0.1 pu (positive and negative value indicate an increasing and decreasing electrical power, respectively). The result shows that using FLPSS, the oscillation of dynamic power system can be improved. The overshoot of electric power and rotor speed change oscillation after the disturbance is smaller than the conventional, and also the time to reach the steady state is faster.
Application of Power System Stabilizer on Stability Studies
Authors: Magaji Nuraddeen , Umar Bashir
Published: September 2015

This paper discusses the effect of placing a power system stabilizer (PSS) at various generators for stability studies in a large power system. The damping control for the New-England 39-bus system was discussed. The effect of PSS in damping the electromechanical modes on different generator was studied. The PSS takes only a generator’s speed as input, and feeds it, after modification, to the voltage reference input of the generator’s excitation system. The results by placing a power system stabilizer on eight generators of the 39-bus system were found to be stable satisfactorily damped
Analysis of 4 Mesh Grid Grounding Systems by FEM Simulations and Field Tests
Authors: Abdullah S. , Nor N. Mohamad , Rajab R. , Trlep M.
Published: September 2015

In this paper, the analysis results of the imitative grounding systems consisting of 4 mesh grid with rods are presented by using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and field test. This combined grid with multiple rods configuration was installed by previous researchers [4] and the resistance value is obtained under steady state. The FEM simulations were conducted and the resistance value and electric field profile are obtained. Comparison study in terms of its resistance value is performed between FEM and at steady state, and further analysis of the grounding systems using FEM is presented and discussed in this paper.
Comparison of Switching Angle Arrangement Techniques in Single-Phase Boost Multilevel Inverter for Low-THD Operation
Authors: Yusof Mohd Aizuddin , Tan Yee Chyan , Othman M. , Lee S.S. , Roslan M.A. , Ong Siok Lan , Leong Jenn Hwai
Published: September 2015

Multilevel inverters are one of the preferred inverter choices for solar photovoltaic (PV) applications. While these inverters are capable of producing AC staircase output voltage waveform, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage waveform can become worse if the switching angle of each voltage level is not carefully chosen. In this paper, four switching angle arrangement techniques are presented and the switching angles generated by these techniques are applied to a new single-phase boost multilevel (SPBM) inverter. The performance of 3-, 5-, 7-, 9-and 11-level SPBM inverter having four different sets of switching angles derived using the aforementioned techniques have been evaluated and compared using PSIM software. Simulation results show that one of the techniques is able to produce an output voltage waveform with the lowest THD, whilst the other generates an output voltage waveform with the highest fundamental voltage component.
An Improved Switching Strategy for Single Phase SPWM Inverter to Reduce Power Loss and Total Harmonic Distortion
Authors: Aihsan M.Z. , Ali R.B. , Othman M. , Rahman N.A. , Sing L.S.
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a new selective switching strategy for single phase SPWM Inverter that can reduce the power loss and total harmonic distortion. Power loss is always a command issue for inverter system. Power loss occurs during the switching of the inverter. This new selective switching strategy is modified from the typical switching strategy and has been proven to reduce the power loss and harmonics. This project had already been tested on direct power source and also from the solar PV module. This project is focusing on 100W inverter system.
State Feedback Controller Using Pole Placement Method for Linear Buck Converter to Improve Overshoot and Settling Time
Authors: Mazlan Mazwin , Haqkimi Noor , Charin Chanuri , Fairuz Nur , Izni Nurul , Annuar Mohd
Published: September 2015

Switched mode DC-DC converters are electronic circuits which convert a voltage from one level to a higher or lower level voltage. This paper presents a new solution approach to controller and observer controller of DC-DC Buck converter. The designs in this paper of DC-DC Buck converter is input voltage 20V step down to 12V output voltage. For control the system simulation investigation into development of controller and observer controller using MATLAB Simulink® software. The simulation develops of the controller and observer controller with mathematical model of DC-DC Buck converter. This paper also providing LQR controller to compare the performance of the system. Finally, the performance output voltage of DC-DC Buck converter is analyzed in terms of time response, overshoot and steady state error.
Comparing the Performance of UPFC Damping Controller on Damping Low Frequency Oscillations
Authors: Zahalan Arizadayana , Fazliana Fadzail Noor , Irwanto Misrun Muhammad
Published: September 2015

This paper compares the performance of UPFC damping controller (, and ) to damp Low Frequency Oscillations (LFO) in power system equipped with UPFC based on Fuzzy Logic Power System Stabilizer (UPFC based FLPSS). The power system model was developed using linearized model of Phillips-Heffron Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) and simulated in Matlab Simulink. The ability of each controller to damp LFO present in the rotor speed was monitored when the system being perturbed by small disturbances. The results obtained shown that UPFC controller had better performance to damp LFO compared to the other UPFC damping controllers as it had the lowest overshoot and less settling time.
Integrated DC-AC Inverter for Hybrid Power System
Authors: Hussain Abadal Salam T. , Jeflawi Qais H. , Malek F. , Dahham Israa A. , Mahmoud Jailani O. , Jusoh Mohd Asri , Yusoff Mohd Irwan , Irwanto Misrun Muhammad , Shasidharan Gomesh Nair , Taha Taha A.
Published: September 2015

A 300 W/ 50 Hz single-phase sine wave with a 555 timer IC controller was designed, simulated, implemented and tested to investigate output AC power quality. An input 12 VDC power supply, which simulates PV-Wind power source, was connected to the inverter circuit and charge-discharge energy storage was also studied. Results of simulation show that as well as the experiment result is obtained.This paper is present the advantage ofhybrid system wind &solar together in power supply system from the integration between time andlocation. It showsthe evolution of wind-solar in single-phase sine wave power inverter and provides the structure of information and communications technology and equipment.Some main techniques such as the circuit topology and operation modes of the key link, algorithm of the intelligent control charging and discharging and so on.