bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intercultural Communicative Teaching in the EFL Classroom
Authors: Liu Yanchan
Published: September 2022

Intercultural communicative competence is highly recognized and required for global interaction all over the world these days. Therefore, intercultural communicative teaching is increasingly becoming necessary and significant in foreign language education, especially English teaching in China. To better understand and implement intercultural communicative teaching in the EFL classroom, this paper first differentiates relevant concepts involved in intercultural communicative teaching, then digs more into models of intercultural communicative competence and intercultural communicative teaching approaches, and finally summarizes and reflects on intercultural communicative teaching in the EFL classroom.Intercultural communicative competence is highly recognized and required for global interaction all over the world these days. Therefore, intercultural communicative teaching is increasingly becoming necessary and significant in foreign language education, especially English teaching in China. To better understand and implement intercultural communicative teaching in the EFL classroom, this paper first differentiates relevant concepts involved in intercultural communicative teaching, then digs more into models of intercultural communicative competence and intercultural communicative teaching approaches, and finally summarizes and reflects on intercultural communicative teaching in the EFL classroom.
Covid-19: от предельного цикла к устойчивому фокусу
Authors: Соколов Александр
Published: September 2022

Численные эксперименты с моделью эпидемии Covid-19 в Москве показали, что при репродукционном числе R0 около 4 происходит качественное изменение поведения (бифуркация) системы “вирус-человек”. Ниже этой величины (что мы наблюдали до 2022 г.) длительный (многолетний) прогноз стремиться к незатухающим колебаниям, выше – описывается затухающими колебаниями: амплитуды волн эпидемии становятся все меньше и меньше, при постоянном, очень высоком фоновом уровне заболеваемости, поддерживающем состояние естественного иммунитета на уровне близком к 100% (для современного значения R0 около 16 получаем 93.7%). В пределе система стремится к устойчивой точке равновесия. Дальнейшее увеличение контагиозности вируса меняет картину несущественно – более заразных штаммов можно не опасаться. Основным предположением данного исследования является неизменность функции сохранения иммунитета (в том числе для различных штаммов).
Village Community Empowerment Model in Smart Village Perspective (Study on Village Communities in Jombang Regency)
Authors: Muzaqi Ajie Hanif , Tyasotyaningarum Berlian
Published: September 2022

Along with the ability of the community and government to manage their area, currently the focus of development is not only on cities/districts but moving towards rural areas. One of the development concepts that can be used is the smart village.The concept of smart village empowerment is designed as an enabler of competitive, sustainable and inclusive village development.Therefore, this study aims to develop a smart village that can be applied to rural areas in Jombang Regency.The model-building method is used to reconstruct the conceptual model that is collided with the existing empirical conditions.The results of the study contained three basic dimensions of a smart village, namely smart government, smart people, and smart environment.These dimensions will produce a harmonious collaboration in a constructive and sustainable manner.In addition, to achieve the goal of collaboration, it is necessary to use technology and information (IT) so that the welfare and independence of the village community of Jombang Regency can be achieved.
Small and Medium Enterprise Development: Concept Overview of Stakeholder Engagement, Business Coaching, and the ADDIE Model in Training
Authors: Irianto Jusuf
Published: September 2022

There are various problems faced by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), especially those related to business competition, technological developments, and transformation into the digital era. These various problems require the strategic role of the government and other stakeholders to be present to provide solutions. The ability of SME entrepreneurs can be developed through various forms of intervention, both in the form of mentoring and training. This study is intended to describe the concept of stakeholder involvement, assistance in the form of business coaching, and training programs using the ADDIE system model. There needs to be empirical research on government institutions that function to foster and develop SMEs in various forms, for example through business incubators or other formats
Coordination of Actors in the Implementation of Lusi Island Tourism Development in Kedungpandan Village, Jabon District, Sidoarjo Regency
Authors: Rodiyah Isnaini , Mursyidah Lailul , U.B Ahmad Riyadh
Published: September 2022

This study aims to analyze and describe the coordination of actors in the implementation of Lusi Island tourism development in Kedungpandan Village, Jabon District, Sidoarjo Regency. Data collection techniques were conducted by interview, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses an interactive analysis model proposed by Miles and Huberman, consisting of four components, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the coordination of actors in the implementation of Lusi Island tourism development in Kedungpan Village and Jabon District, Sidoarjo Regency was carried out by interactive dialogue communication between actors, communication via WhatsApp, and holding exhibitions. Coordination and promotion are also carried out online. Comprehensive information on the leadership in the development of Lusi Island tourism is shown by the party who scheduled the meeting, namely Pokdarwis through public relations.
Microbial dynamics of a fluidized bed bioreactor treating perchlorate in groundwater
Authors: Knotek-Smith Heather , Thomas Catherine
Published: September 2022

Optimization of operation and performance of the groundwater treatment system regarding perchlorate removal at Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant (LHAAP) is dependent on specific conditions within the reactor and the larger groundwater treatment process. This study evaluated the microbial community compositions within the plant during periods of adequate perchlorate degradation, sub-adequate perchlorate degradation, and non-operating conditions. Factors affecting the performance of the LHAAP ground water treatment system (GWTS) perchlorate de-grading fluidized bed reactor (FBR) are identified and discussed. Isolation of the FBR from naturally occurring microbial populations in the groundwater was the most significant factor reducing system effectiveness. The microbial population within the FBR is highly susceptible to system upsets, which leads to declining diversity within the reactor. As designed, the system operates for extended periods without the desired perchlorate removal without intervention such as a seed inoculant. A range of modifications and the operation of the system are identified to increase the effectiveness of perchlorate removal at LHAAP.
NEW BIOCLAUSTRATION OF A SYMBIONT IN THE MANTLE CAVITY OF CLITAMBONITES SCHMIDTI (BRACHIOPODA) FROM THE SANDBIAN (UPPER ORDOVICIAN) OF ESTONIA
Authors: VINN OLEV , WILSON MARK. A. , ISAKAR MARE , TOOM URSULA
Published: September 2022

A new bioclaustration of a symbiont is here described from the mantle cavity of the strophomenatan brachiopod Clitambonites schmidti. It is the second bioclaustration in brachiopods known from the Kukruse Regional Stage (Sandbian) of Estonia. It shares affinities with the bioclaustrations Burrinjuckia and Haplorygma. The outgrowth in the ventral valve interior was secreted by the brachiopod around a symbiont. Most likely the symbiont was a suspension feeder that collected food particles from the brachiopod's mantle cavity. The symbiont was either a kleptoparasite or fed on the brachiopod's feces (coprophagy). The majority of symbiosis cases in brachiopods in the Ordovician of Baltica involve clitambonitids as the hosts. Thus, clitambonitid brachiopods were more likely hosts for symbiosis than other brachiopods in the Ordovician of Baltica.
Predicting three-month fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin of patients with type 2 diabetes based on multiple machine learning algorithms
Authors: Tao Xue , Jiang Min , Liu Yumeng , Hu Qi , Zhu Baoqiang , Hu Jiaqiang , Guo Wenmei , Wu Xingwei , Xiong Yu , Shi Xia , Li Wenyuan , Tong Rongsheng , Long Enwu
Published: September 2022

Background
Type 2 diabetes is the type with the largest proportion of people with diabetes.With the progression of the disease, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus will have different degrees of complications, which will seriously reduce the quality of life of the patients and bring a heavy economic burden to the patient's families. Therefore, establishing a predictive model for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is of great help in optimizing the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and delaying disease progression.
Design and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on type 2 diabetes mellitus real-world medical data from 4 cities in Sichuan Province, China from January 2015 to December 2020, including basic patient information, medication status, laboratory results, dietary habits, exercise status, and the actual follow-up of the patient after treatment. After data preprocessing, data inputting, data sampling, and feature screening, 16 kinds of machine learning methods were used to construct fasting blood glucose prediction models and glycated hemoglobin prediction models for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and 5 prediction models with the best prediction performance were screened respectively.
Results
A total of 375,723 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were collected, 10,000 cases were included to establish the fasting blood glucose model, and 2,169 cases were established to establish the HbA1c model. The best prediction model both of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c finally obtained are realized by ensemble learning and modified random forest inputting, the AUC value are 0.819 and 0.970, respectively. The most important indicators of the fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin prediction model were fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Medication compliance, follow-up outcome, dietary habits, BMI, and waist circumference also had a greater impact onfasting blood glucose levels. But on the glycated hemoglobin level, laboratory indicators such as platelets, Serum creatinine, Aspartate Transaminase, Hemoglobin, etc. had more impact.
Conclusion
The prediction accuracy of the models of the two blood glucose control indicators is high and has certain clinical applicability. Glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose are mutually important predictors, and there is a close relationship between them.
Higher-order Aberrations and their Visual Impact in Paediatric Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.
Authors: Mendoza-Zamora Carolina , Gonzalez-Godinez Sara , Ortiz-Morales Gustavo , Paez-Garza Juan , Rodriguez-Garcia Alejandro
Published: September 2022

Background/Objectives:
To analyse the higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and their visual impact on a paediatric blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (PBKC) cohort compared with healthy controls.
Subjects/Methods:
A prospective observational, case-control study of paediatric patients (≤ 16 years old) was designed. Subjects underwent a visual system wavefront aberrometry analysis to compare HOAs and their impact on visual quality.
Results
150 eyes from 76 patients were included for analysis. The PBKC group consisted of 50 eyes, and the control group included 100 healthy eyes. Mean age was 10.39 ± 3.81 years for the PBKC group and 10.80 ± 3.61 years for the controls. Mean corrected-distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 0.24 ± 0.21 LogMAR in the PBKC group and 0.07 ± 0.1 in the controls (p = < 0.001). Mean astigmatism was 1.6 ± 1.98 in the PBKC group vs. 0.67 ± 0.76 in the controls (p = 0.01). Mean RMS of HOAs was 1.05 ± 1.7 in the PBKC group and 0.41 ± 0.18 in the controls (p = < 0.001). The mean modulation transfer function (MTF) in the PBKC group was significantly lower (16.37 ± 16.32) than in the controls (30.3 ± 23.57) (p = < 0.001). Corneal leucoma, neovascularization, phlyctenula, and pannus formation were associated with a greater risk of increased HOAs.
Conclusions
There was a significant increase in the total HOAs of PBKC eyes compared to healthy controls. The PBKC eyes aberrations profile, particularly coma, secondary astigmatism, quadrafoil, and pentafoil, had a significant visual impact. Leukoma, corneal neovascularization, pannus, and phlyctenula were strongly associated with increased HOAs.
Six decades of ground-based climate monitoring indicate warming and increasing precipitation seasonality and intensity in Yangambi (central Congo basin)
Authors: Yakusu Emmanuel Kasongo , Acker Joris Van , de Vyver Hans Van , Bourland Nils , Ndiapo José Mbifo , Likwela Théophile Besango , Kipifo Michel Lokonda Wa , Kankolongo Amand Mbuya , Bulcke Jan Van den , Beeckman Hans , Bauters Marijn , Boeckx Pascal , Verbeeck Hans , Demarée Gaston , Jacobsen Kim , Meulenberghs Françoise , Hubau Wannes
Published: September 2022

Meteorological stations are rare in the tropics and satellite products often do not perform optimal. This leads to uncertainty in modelled regional climatic trends and may lead to opposing trends in prediction of future climate. This is particularly problematic for the Congo basin, where station coverage decreased significantly during the last few decades. Therefore, here we present a newly digitised dataset of daily temperature and precipitation from the Yangambi biosphere reserve, covering the period 1960 - 2020 (61 years) and located in the heart of the Congo basin. Our results confirm a long-term increase in temperature and temperature extremes since the 1960s, with strong upward trends since the early 1990s. Our results also indicate a drying trend for the dry season and intensification of the wet season since the early 2000s. Ongoing warming and increasing precipitation seasonality and intensity already has a significant impact on crop yields in Yangambi. This calls for urgent development of climate-smart and dynamic agriculture and agroforestry systems. We conclude that systematic digitization and climate recording in the Congo basin will be critical to improve much-needed gridded benchmark datasets of climatic variables.
Molecular Insight into Structural and Mechanical Properties of Halloysite Structure
Authors: Pebdani Mohammadreza Heidari
Published: September 2022

In this study, we simulated the rolling mechanism of Halloysite by molecular dynamics (MD) under different conditions. We have illustrated that the transformation from slab Halloysite to scroll shape depends on the initial geometry, dimension and proper selection of the interatomic potential. Also, the molecular simulation was conducted to determine the mechanical properties of Halloysite under different conditions. The results show that the Elastic modulus of the armchair Nano scroll was higher than the zigzag with similar dimensions and that Young's modulus of both arrangements decreases with increased radius. Moreover, with an increasing radius (>20 Å), Young's modulus of a Halloysite nano-scroll approaches that of the Halloysite slab configuration. Finally, the tensile strain of a Halloysite nanosheet was 0.08±0.04. The result of this study is a great help for understanding Halloysite, which can be used for designing nanocomposites.
Exploration of the Mechanism by Which Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction Inhibits Lps-Induced Inflammation by Regulating Macrophage Polarization Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: sutong wang , Ji Tianshu , Wang Lin , Qu Yiwei , Wang Xinhui , Wang Wenting , Lv Mujie , Wang Yongcheng , Li Xiao , Jiang Ping
Published: September 2022

Background
Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction (HQGZWWD) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine formulation with significant anti-inflammatory activity. However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Through network pharmacology and experimental validation, this study aimed to examine the potential mechanism of HQGZWWD in regulating macrophage polarization and inflammation.
Methods
The active components were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), whereas the corresponding targets were obtained from the TCMSP and SwissTargetPrediction database. From the GeneCards database, targets associated with macrophage polarization and inflammation were identified. Multiple networks were developed to identify the key compounds, principal biological processes, and pathways of HQGZWWD that regulate macrophage polarization and inflammation. Autodock Vina is utilized to assess the binding ability between targets and active compounds. Finally, confirm the experiment's central hypothesis. Human histiocytic lymphoma (U-937) cells were transformed into M1 macrophages following stimulation with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in order to evaluate the effect of HQGZWWD drug-containing mouse serum (HQGZWWD serum) on regulating macrophage polarization and inflammation.
Results
A total of 54 active components and 859 HQGZWWD targets were obtained. There were 9972 targets associated with macrophage polarization and 11109 targets associated with inflammation. After screening, 34 overlapping targets were identified, of which 5 were identified as central targets confirmed by experiments, including the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAchR), interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and growth factor beta (TGF-β1). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 34 overlapping targets were enriched in multiple pathways associated with macrophage polarization and inflammation, including the TGF beta signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed that the majority of HQGZWWD's compounds can bind to the target. In vitro experiments, HQGZWWD serum was shown to up-regulate the expression of α7 nAchR, reduce the number of M1 macrophages, stimulate the production of M2 macrophages, inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL1-β, and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1.
Conclusion
HQGZWWD can regulate the number of M1/M2 macrophages and the level of inflammatory cytokines, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of α7 nAchR expression.
Tuberculosis prevention: Practices of religious leaders and congregants in Khomas region, Namibia
Authors: ROBERT KOPANO , Gladys Thanyani Lumadi , Patrone Rebecca Risenga
Published: September 2022

Background
Tuberculosis is a global threat, with most African countries being more vulnerable than developed countries. In this emerging generation, religion is becoming the common philosophy in which people turn to belief, and are controlled by religious doctrines in approaching every challenge in their lives. This study sought to describe practices related to tuberculosis (TB) prevention, by religious leaders and their congregants, within the Khomas region of Namibia. The aim was this to describe the TB prevention practices of religious leaders and their congregants in Namibia’s Khomas region.
Methods
A quantitative descriptive design was used in the study. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select all the religious leaders who attended, or were affiliated to, registered religious organisations in Namibia. Snowball sampling was also used to identify some religious leaders and congregants who participated in this study. A total of 299 religious leaders and congregants participated.
Results
Participants in this study reported adhering to good practices for TB prevention, such as seeking medical attention if someone suspected that s/he had TB.
Conclusions
This study suggests that religious leaders should be at the forefront of activities aimed at preventing the spread of TB, given their natural influence in society. For this to happen, other stakeholders in the health professions are needed, to support and guide religious leaders through education, training and sponsorships.
Research on infrared nondestructive testing and thermal effect analysis of small wind turbine blades under natural excitation
Authors: Wang Chen , Gu yongqiang
Published: September 2022

In recent years, with the increase of wind power generation and the rapid growth of the number of wind turbines installed, the safety monitoring of wind turbine blades has also attracted wide attention. To further study the thermal effect of wind turbine damaged blades under natural excitation in summer in northern China, based on the outdoor infrared non-destructive testing of wind turbine blades, a numerical simulation of wind turbine blades with wear damage is carried out by using the fluid solid heat transfer theory in COMSOL multi-physical field coupling software. The best detection light condition is obtained, in which the detection effect of wear damage is the best when the light intensity reaches 1000W.m− 2 or above at noon. The simulation results are basically in agreement with the experimental results. And compared with the previous physical modeling method using natural convection heat transfer coefficient to replace wind speed, the physical modeling method considering wind speed and air humidity is more consistent with the experimental results, the maximum error value was decreased by 7.46%, which verifies the rationality of the model and the feasibility of the method. Then, the numerical model is used to carry out fluid-heat-solid coupling on the wear-damaged blades, with the increase of wind speed, the temperature on the blade surface gradually decreases and the wind pressure gradually increases. Because the influence of temperature on the stress is greater than that of wind pressure, the stress also shows a gradual downward trend.
Direct Observation of Positron Capture Process at the Positron Source of the SuperKEKB B-Factory
Authors: Suwada Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2022

A direct simultaneous detection of electron (e-) and positron (e+) bunches was successfully performed using wideband beam monitors and a detection system at the (e+) capture section of the SuperKEKB B-factory. The time intervals between the secondary-generated (e-) and (e+) bunches were measured to investigate their dynamical capture process. The results show that the time intervals were measured in the range of 20--280 ps on average, and the line-order switch of the (e-) and (e+) bunches and their dynamical phase-slip process in the axial direction were clearly observed as a function of the capture phase of accelerating structures. In this report, the dynamical capture and phase-slip process for the (e-) and(e+) bunches under the two-bunch acceleration scheme is described in detail. This study opens up a new window for direct observation of the (e-) and (e+) capture process at any present and future (e+) sources.
Application of iron-modified kapok fibres for As(V) removal from groundwater using column fixed bed approach
Authors: YEO Kanfolo Franck Herve , Dong Yingying , Xue Tongxuan , Yang Ye , Chen Zhiwen , Han Liu , Zhang Nan , ADJOUMANI Kouame Joel , Li Chaokun , Wang Wendong
Published: September 2022

Arsenic pollution of groundwater is a severe problem, particularly for rural residents. This study utilised a simple hydrothermal surface modification technique using iron (Fe-kapok) to create a natural sorbent for As(V) removal from groundwater using a column fixed bed methodology. Specific surface area (BET) isotherms nitrogen adsorption/desorption test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to evaluate the properties of the natural adsorbent. Fe-specific kapok's surface area BET (3.272 m2/g) and pore volume (0.032 cm3/g) were greater than those of raw kapok (0.976 m2/g; 0.021 cm3/g), indicating the presence of more As(V) adsorption sites. Even with competing ions such as sulfate, the groundwater chemical parameters did not significantly affect the As(V) adsorption efficiency of the natural sorbents. As(V) adsorption performance decreased as the flow rate and initial concentration of As(V) increased. However, an increase in sorbent dosage results in a rise in As(V) removal efficiency. The adsorption reaction was endothermic, and neutral pH was ideal for As(V) elimination. According to Thomas's model, the adsorption capacity was 6.63 mg/g at 25oC, which was better than Bohart and Adams' prediction of the adsorption curve. After eight adsorption cycles, the regeneration and reusability of the new sorbents were still excellent.
The characterization of in-vivo urinary infection stones by spectral CT
Authors: Li Xian , Huang Xiaoyan , Ouyang Lechuan , Ma Haoping , Chen Huai , Li Xinchun
Published: September 2022

Purpose
To analyze characteristics of urinary infection stones using spectral CT (rapid kV switching dual-energy CT) in vivo.
Methods
This study included 55 single-composition and 36 mixed-composition infection stones, derived from 38 patients (15 males and 23 females), median age 49 (range, 10–71) years. We detected and compared effective nuclear number (Zeff) peak, its high and low points, average Zeff value, water- and iodine-based values, and average CT values. Post-surgical infrared spectroscopy results were compared with CT findings.
Results
In single-composition stones, 21 were of carbapatite, 20 of struvite, and 14 of brushite. These differed significantly in Zeff peak, its low and high points, average Zeff value, and iodine-based value. Three compositions had similar water-based and average CT values. The mixed-composition stones all had two Zeff peaks, and Zeff peaks in 36 mixed-composition stones included 23 of carbapatite, 25 of struvite, and 24 of brushite. When 95% confidence intervals of Zeff peaks in single-composition stones were as standard, they overlapped 82.6% of carbapatite, 88.0% of struvite, and 87.5% of brushite in mixed-composition stones. But many low and high points in three mixed-composition groups were outside the 95% confidence interval (overlap < 70%). Differences in water/iodine-based, average Zeff and average CT values did not reach the significance level.
Conclusion
Zeff peaks of urinary infection stones in vivo spectral CT revealed characteristics of various infective compositions.
In-vitro and in-silico strategies to assess the unexplored pharmacological lineages of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Leaves
Authors: Xavier Thangaraj Francis , Balavivekananthan senthilkumar , Sabitha Rajendran , Kariyat Rupesh , Rose Antony Kanthi Freeda , Ayyanar Muniyappan , Subramaniyan Vijayakumar , S s.Prabhu , Amalraj Singamoorthy
Published: September 2022

The current work aims to investigate the chemical components in Solanum elaeagnifolium leaf extracts and their pharmacological potential in antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-diabetic effects. To screen the complete antioxidant potential, the DPPH, SO, FRAP, MCA, and PHM assays were evaluated; whereas the antibacterial activity was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration method against 10 pathogenic microorganisms. Also, the α-amylase and α-glucosidase effects were explored to know the enzyme inhibitory potentials of this plant leaves. After obtaining possible drug probabilities in the crude extract exploration, the GC-MS screened molecules were docked with diabetes-related proteins to screen for active anti-diabetics. Ultimately, as a final result of this exploration, the following values are lodged for future reference for those wishing to work on this plant. Firstly, the quantitative phytochemicals exploration revealed that the ethyl acetate extract has the highest content of TPC with 79.04 ± 0.98mg/g GAE and TFC with 79.04 ± 0.98mg/g GAE and 134.31 ± 0.04 mg/g QE. Similarly, the tested extracts in this study showed significant antioxidant activity at various concentrations; whereas the extracts used against the bacteria showed 50% inhibition against the pathogens tested.The ethanol extracts were subjected to an MIC according to the bacteriostatic potential; the concentration of 118.75 g/mL showed remarkable inhibition potentials against E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus epidermis, Bacillus subtilis and Rhodococcus equi. In the enzymatic exploration of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, IC50 values of ethanol extracts were found to be17.78 ± 2.38µg/ml and 27.90 ± 5.02 µg/ml followed by acetone (17.96 ± 6.05µg/ml and 36.44 ± 3.30 µg/ml). Through in-silico exploration, we found that S. elegans phytochemicals have potential drug-binding affinities and better docking scores with diabetic proteins compared to the corresponding drugs. Based on the various pharmacological investigations, the present study concluded that Solanumelaeagnifolium might have possible drug candidates as antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic agents. As a result of the present study, we conclude that the phytochemicals may have revealed their therapeutic potential either alone or synergistically with other phytochemicals of this leaves.
Comparative genomic analyses of Escherichia coli from meat processing environment in relation to their biofilm formation and persistence
Authors: Yang Xianqin , Tran Frances , Zhang Peipei
Published: September 2022

We investigated the phylogeny of biofilm forming (BF) and non-biofilm forming (NBF) Escherichia coli (n = 114) from beef processing environment and genetic elements in their BF and persistence, by comparative genomic analysis. Phylogroup B1 made up the largest proportion of both BF (73.8%) and NBF (50.9%) groups. E. coli from all sources examined had mixed phylogroups except for those recovered from equipment after cleaning which were exclusively phylogroup B1. Both core genome and gene content trees showed a tree-wide spread of BF strains, with clusters including both BF and NBF strains. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) by Scoary or Pyseer did not find any genes/mutations overrepresented in the BF group. Retrospective analysis of phenotypes found significant correlation (P < 0.05) between BF ability and curli production, cellulose synthesis, and/or mobility. However, the BF group also included strains negative for curli and cellulose and/or missing encoding genes for the two traits. All curli and cellulose encoding genes were present in most genomes, regardless of their BF status. The degree of motility was correlated with both curli and cellulose production, and 80 common genes were overrepresented in all three trait positive groups. A PTS enzyme II and a subsidiary gluconate catabolism pathway, and an iron-dicitrate transport system were more abundant in the persisting E. coli group. These findings suggest gene function redundancy in E. coli for biofilm formation and additional substrate utilization and iron acquisition in its persistence.
Capillarisenol C, a novel bisphenol from Artemisia capillaris, induces autophagic death in hepatocellular carcinoma through endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Wei Xiaofang , Yao Jie , Shen Wanying , Xie Qiujie , Li Yangfang , Ge Lanlan , Zeng Xiaobin , Tang Xudong
Published: September 2022

In our previous work, we isolated a novel bisphenol named capillarisenol C (Cap C) from Artemisia capillaris. Preliminary studies indicated potential anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) activity. However, its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of the anti-HCC activity of Cap C. First, We evaluated the inhibitory effect of Cap C on the viability of HepG2 and Huh7 cells using CCK8 assays. The results showed that Cap C sharply reduced the viability of HepG2 and Huh7 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, however, lenvatinib (clinical drugs for the treatment of HCC) had no obvious growth inhibitory effect on HepG2 and Huh7 cells at the corresponding concentration. By calculation, the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of Cap C were 8.58 and 4.96 µM for for HepG2 and Huh7 cells at 48 h. Then, we investigated its autophagic effects on liver cancer cells using immunofluorescence staining and CRISPR/Cas9 assays. To study the mechanism of Cap C, we used quantitative PCR and western blotting. We found that Cap C effectively inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells and increased MAP1LC3-II expression. Moreover, Cap C–induced cell death was attenuated by autophagy-related gene ATG7 knockdown. Mechanistic studies showed that Cap C significantly promoted the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress–related proteins. Our results suggest that Cap C may lead to autophagic HCC cell death by inducing ER stress.
A new approach to evaluate 3D flow fields using an off-axis 2D PIV system: investigation of a tubular reactor equipped with Kenics static mixers
Authors: Yao Zechen , Alberini Federico , Montante Giuseppina , Paglianti Alessandro
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
In this work, an off-axis 2D Particle Image Velocimetry system is used to obtain the 3D flow field at the outlet of a tubular reactor equipped with Kenics static mixers. The 3D flow fields are obtained exploiting the out-of-plane velocity component and considering the symmetrical features of the flow generated by the static mixers. The raw results show that the velocity vectors, measured on a cross section perpendicular to the tube axis by 2D-PIV with the camera located at 24° from the measurement plane, are affected by the axial component of the flow. However, taking into account the symmetry of the flow field with respect to the tubular reactor axis and evaluating the effect of the out of plane velocity component, the correct 2D velocity vectors on the plane and also the velocity component in the axial direction can be calculated from the raw 2D PIV data. The consistency of the methodology is demonstrated by comparison of the results with the flow field measured in a smaller tubular reactor of similar geometry and Reynolds number with a symmetrical 2D-PIV system, with the camera located perpendicularly to the laser plane. Then, the 3D features of the flow are analyzed to characterize the effects of the different combinations of static mixer configurations on the fluid dynamics of the system in turbulent conditions. The results show that, as the pressure drop increases, a more uniform velocity distribution is achieved.
Dietary choline activates brown fat to reduce adiposity and cholesterol in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice
Authors: Liu Cong , Song Zikuan , Li Zhuang , Boon Mariëtte , Schönke Milena , Rensen Patrick , Wang Yanan
Published: September 2022

Objectives
Studies in mice have recently linked increased dietary choline consumption to increased incidence of obesity-related metabolic diseases, while several clinical trials have reported an anti-obesity effect of high dietary choline intake. Since the underlying mechanisms by which choline affects obesity are incompletely understood, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of dietary choline supplementation in adiposity.
Methods
Female APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, a well-established model for human-like lipoprotein metabolism and cardiometabolic diseases, were fed a Western-type diet supplemented with or without choline (1.2%, w/w) for up to 16 weeks.
Results
Choline reduced body fat mass gain, prevented adipocyte enlargement, and attenuated adipose tissue inflammation. Besides, choline ameliorated liver steatosis which was associated with an upregulation of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Moreover, choline reduced plasma cholesterol, as explained by a reduction of plasma non-HDL-cholesterol. Mechanistically, choline reduced hepatic VLDL-cholesterol secretion and activated brown adipose tissue (BAT), thereby enhancing the selective uptake of fatty acids from triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL)-like particles into BAT, consequently accelerating the clearance of the cholesterol-enriched TRL remnants by the liver.
Conclusions
In APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, dietary choline reduces body fat by activating BAT, resulting in accelerated TRL turnover to improve hypercholesterolemia. These data provide a mechanistic basis for the observation in human intervention trials that high choline intake is linked with reduced body weight.
Co-creation and self-evaluation of informal social accountability mechanism process in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services delivery in childcare centres in Nairobi’s informal settlements
Authors: Chumo Ivy , Kabaria Caroline , Elsey Helen , Ozano Kim , Phillips-Howard Penelope A , Mberu Blessing
Published: September 2022

Background
Accountability strategies are expected to enhance access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) service delivery in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). Conventional formal social accountability mechanisms (SAMs) for WASH service delivery have been inadequate to meet the needs of residents in informal settlements in LMICs. This has prompted growing interest in alternative informal SAMs (iSAMs) in Nairobi’s informal settlements. To date, iSAMs have shown a limited effect, often due to implementation failures and poor contextual fit. In childcare centres in Nairobi’s informal settlements, the co-creation of iSAMs process, where parents, childcare managers, researchers and other WASH stakeholders, contribute to the design and implementation of iSAMs, is an approach with the potential to meet the needs. However, few studies have documented (a) co-creating iSAMs processes for WASH service delivery in childcare centres and (b) self-evaluation of the co-creation process.
Methods
We used a qualitative approaches where we collected data through workshops and focus group discussions to document and inform a) co-creation processes of SAMs for WASH service delivery in childcare centres and (b) self-evaluation of the co-creation process. We used content analysis for our data analysis.
Results
Study participants co-created an iSAM process that entailed: definition; action and sharing information; judging and assessing; and learning and adapting iSAMs. The four steps were designed to increase the capability to meet WASH needs in childcare centres. We also documented a self-evaluation appraisal of the iSAM process. Study participants described that the co-creation process could improve understanding, inclusion, ownership and performance in WASH service delivery. Negative appraisals described included financial, structural, social and time constraints.
Conclusion
We conclude that the co-creation process could address contextual barriers which are often overlooked, as it allows understanding of issues through the ‘eyes’ of people who experience service delivery issues. Further, we conclude that sustainable and equitable WASH service delivery in childcare centres in informal settlements needs research that goes beyond raising awareness to fully engage and co-create to ensure that novel solutions are developed at an appropriate scale to meet specific needs. We recommend that actors should integrate co-created iSAMs process in already existing structures for WASH service delivery in childcare centres and other contexts.
The Improved Bioactive n-HA/PA66 Cage Versus the PEEK Cage in Anterior Cervical Fusion: Results from a 6-year Follow-up and a Case-matched Study
Authors: Deng Zhipeng , Hu Bowen , Yang Xi , Wang Lei , Song Yueming
Published: September 2022

Background
The nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (n-HA/PA66) cage, a bioactive nonmetal cage, is fabricated in a hollow cylindrical shape and has been widely used for decades with good clinical outcomes for anterior cervical fusion. However, there remain some radiological complications, such as a slightly high subsidence rate. To improve the clinical outcomes, the improved n-HA/PA66 cage now has a better biomechanical shape that is similar to that of the PEEK cage. However, there have been no long-term comparisons of these two cages in anterior cervical reconstruction.
Methods
Fifty-eight patients who underwent single-level anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) with the improved n-HA/PA66 cage were matched with patients with the PEEK cage by clinical presentation, segment, age and sex. All patients underwent a minimum of six years of follow-up. The radiographic parameters (cage subsidence, fusion status, cervical lordosis, and segmental sagittal alignment) and clinical parameters (10-point visual analogue scale, Neck Disability Index and Japanese Orthopedic Association scores) from patients were evaluated before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at the latest follow-up.
Results
The n-HA/PA66 and PEEK groups were well matched in terms of clinical presentation, segment, age, and sex at surgery. The improved n-HA/PA66 and PEEK cages had similar fusion rates at 6 months postoperatively (n-HA/PA66: 58.6% vs. PEEK: 51.7%, P = 0.455) and at the last follow-up (n-HA/PA66: 96.6% vs. PEEK: 93.1%, P = 0.402). The respective cage subsidence rates in the n-HA/PA66 and PEEK groups were 6.9% and 12.1% (P = 0.342). The correction of SA was similar between the groups at the final follow-up (n-HA/PA66: 4.29 ± 1.99 vs. PEEK: 3.99 ± 2.59 P = 0.464). There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean cervical lordosis, visual analogue scale scores of the neck and arm, NDI scores, JOA scores or patients' overall satisfaction at the final follow-up.
Conclusion
After single-level ACDF, the improved n-HA/PA66 cage had similar excellent results in both radiological and clinical outcomes compared with the PEEK cage over 6 years of follow-up. According to these results, the n-HA/PA66 cage and the PEEK cage could be comparable for ACDF.
Feeling discriminated means poor self-perceived health: a gender analysis using SHARE
Authors: Pinillos-Franco Sara , Cantarero-Prieto David , Lera Javier
Published: September 2022

Most part of the literature has highlighted the detrimental effects of discrimination on health. However, the influence of past and perceived discrimination on older workers’ self-assessed health has been understudied. We aim to study whether reported discrimination is associated with self-assessed health among adults of working ages (50–65 years of age). Data was retrieved from the seventh wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to obtain the regular panel of questions, and the third and seventh waves of the SHARELIFE questionnaire, that includes information about discrimination (n = 30,019). We first used Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to detect groups of individuals in our sample and afterward, we used logistic regression models to determine the impact of discrimination on male and female workers’ health separately. The results show that 49.0% of our sample was composed of highly discriminated women, while the remaining percentage covered men and women (42.3% males and 8.7% females) that reported lower levels of discrimination. Our estimations reveal a significant association between discrimination and poor health status, especially in the case of men ranging from OR = 1.807 (95% CI 1.497–2.182) to OR = 1.619 (95% CI 1.356–1.933). In the case of women our results range from OR = 1.729 (95% CI 1.456–2.055) to OR = 1.197 (95% CI 0.981–1.462). These findings are essential to highlight the importance of tackling discrimination as a determinant of health that negatively affects both sexes, men and women.
JEL Classification I14; D63; J14
Postoperative patient-reported outcomes after revision total knee arthroplasty: Propensity- score-matched comparison with primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ishizu Kenya , Hamai Satoshi , Tsushima Hidetoshi , Harada Tetsunari , Harada Satoru , Kameyama Midori , Kawahara Shinya , Akasaki Yukio , Nakashima Yasuharu
Published: September 2022

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is being increasingly performed owing to its favorable long-term survival rate; consequently, the rate of revision TKA has also increased. There are few reports on patient-reported outcomes following revision TKA compared with matched cohorts following primary TKA.
Methods: Using propensity-score matching based on age at the time of the survey, sex, and primary disease, a 1:2 matched cohort was used to compare the Knee Society Score (KSS)-2011, joint perception, EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) score, and surgical satisfaction between patients who underwent primary and revision TKA.
Results: Twenty patients (20 knees) who underwent revision TKA were matched with 40 patients (40 knees) who underwent primary TKA. The KSS-2011 total score, joint perception, and EQ-5D scores were significantly lower following revision TKA (approximately 74%, 79%, and 79%, respectively) than those following primary TKA. The expectation category of KSS-2011 and surgical satisfaction were not significantly different between the groups. Infection and rotating-hinge knee were significant factors of lower KSS-2011 scores following revision TKA.
Conclusions: Compared with primary TKA, although knee joint function and quality of life may decrease, especially due to infection and the need for rotating hinge knee, the fulfillment of expectations and surgical satisfaction can be achieved even after revision TKA.
Icaritin inhibits neuroinflammation by regulating microglial polarization through GPER-ERK-NF-κB signaling pathway in cerebral ischemic rat
Authors: Yu Zining , Su Guangjun , Zhang Limei , Liu Gaigai , Zhou Yonggang , Fang Shicai , Zhang Qian , Wang Tianyun , Huang Cheng , Huang Zhihua , li Liangdong
Published: September 2022

Background
Activated microglia play a key role in initiating the inflammatory cascade following ischemic stroke and exert proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects depending on whether they are polarized toward the M1 or M2 phenotype. The present study investigated the regulatory effect of Icaritin (ICT) on microglial polarization in rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) and explored the possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms of ICT.
Methods
A rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was established. Following treatment with ICT, a G protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) inhibitor or an extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, the Garcia scale and rotarod test were used to assess neurological and locomotor function. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining were used to evaluate the infarct volume and neuronal death. The levels of inflammatory factors in the ischemic penumbra were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to measure the expression levels of markers of different microglial phenotypes and proteins related to the GPER-ERK-NF-κB signaling pathway.
Results
We found that ICT treatment significantly decreased the cerebral infarct volume, brain water content and fluorescence intensity of FJC; improved the Garcia score; increased the latency to fall and rotation speed in the rotarod test; inhibited the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, Iba1, CD40, CD68 and p-P65-NF-κB; and increased the levels of CD206 and p-ERK. U0126 (an inhibitor of ERK) and G15 (a selective antagonist of GPER) antagonized these effects.
Conclusions
These findings indicate that ICT plays roles in inhibiting the inflammatory response and achieving neuroprotection by regulating GPER-ERK-NF-κB signaling and then inhibits microglial activation and M1 polarization while promoting M2 polarization, which provides new therapeutic strategy against cerebral ischemia stroke.