bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The in vitro antimicrobial activity of linezolid against unconventional pathogens
Authors: Wang Ting , Zhang Huiyue , Feng Rui , Ren Jieru , Xu Xinping , Sun Shujuan
Published: February 2025

Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibiotic that is mainly permitted to treat Gram-positive bacterial infections. Recent studies have shown that linezolid also has antibacterial effects on several other bacteria outside the package insert, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Nocardia, Corynebacterium, and anaerobes, etc. Interestingly, linezolid also has an in vitro inhibitory effect on fungi. This review focuses on the in vitro antibacterial activity of linezolid against microorganisms outside its antibacterial spectrum. We mainly listed the number of the tested strains, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range, MIC50, and MIC90 of linezolid against those pathogens outside the package insert. The results showed that among these tested pathogens, linezolid displayed strong inhibitory effects against M. tuberculosis, Nocardia, and Corynebacterium, with an MIC range of ≤2 μg/mL. As for NTM, linezolid exhibited moderate to potent inhibitory effects against the strains of different species with an MIC range of 0.06–128 μg/mL. Moreover, linezolid was reported to have a species-dependent inhibitory effect on anaerobes at a concentration range of 0.003–16 μg/mL. Furthermore, linezolid could enhance azoles and amphotericin B’s antifungal activity on Candida synergistically. It is hoped that this analysis can provide data for expanding the application of linezolid, make the off-label drug use have more compelling evidence, and provide clues for the development of new drugs.
Personality Traits as Contributing Factors to Substance Abuse among Youths in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: M.A Ajala , Oluwaseyi Animashaun Paul , Emmanuel Ojo Taiye
Published: February 2025

Substance abuse among youth has emerged as a critical public health challenge, particularly in rapidly urbanising regions like Lagos State, Nigeria. Given the adverse effects of substance abuse on both individual well-being and societal development, it is essential to identify the personality factors that may contribute to this growing issue. This study sought to examine the influence of personality traits on substance abuse among youth in Lagos State. Four hundred and eighty-four, comprising 256 male and 228 female youth, were selected from the five divisions of Lagos using a convenience sampling method. A cross-sectional design was employed. Four hypotheses were stated and tested using bi-variate and multivariate statistical analyses. The results showed that personality traits jointly predict substance abuse among youth in Lagos State (R = .227; F = 5.203; P = <.01). Additionally, the findings revealed an interaction effect of age and religion on substance abuse (F(4, 484) = 2.48, p < .05). However, no significant influence of sex on substance abuse was observed. The study's results provide valuable insights, highlighting the importance of addressing personality factors in substance abuse prevention strategies and offering recommendations for future research and interventions.
Compatibility of Trichoderma asperellum (Tr-9) with Carbofuran and Cassava-based Biopesticide, Nanma under In-vitro Conditions
Authors: Tadigiri Sirisha , H Kesava Kumar , S Veena S
Published: February 2025

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) pose a major threat to tuber crops, challenging the development of effective and environmentally sustainable management strategies. Although chemical nematicides have been effective in controlling nematodes, but their adverse environmental impact has urged to explore eco-friendly alternatives such as bioformulations. Trichoderma asperellum (Tr-9), an indigenous fungal bioagent isolated from elephant foot yam was effective against root-knot nematode under in-vitro conditions. Additionally, Nanma, a cassava-based biopesticide developed by ICAR-CTCRI, is commonly used to treat elephant foot yam tubers before planting to control diseases and nematode infestation. They can be combined with nematicides for effective nematode management while minimizing environmental risks. However, evaluating the compatibility of Trichoderma with nematicides is crucial before integrating both strategies for nematode management in tuber crops. In this context, the present study evaluated the compatibility of T. asperellum (Tr-9) with different concentrations of Carbofuran 3G (50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 ppm) and the Cassava-based biopesticide, Nanma (5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) using the poisoned food technique after a five-day incubation period under in-vitro conditions. Results revealed that Carbofuran 3G exhibited cent percent compatibility at 50 ppm, and with minimal inhibition (6.98%) observed at 100-200 ppm. Even at higher concentrations (400-800 ppm), only slight mycelial growth inhibition (15.25%-19.75%) was recorded, while at 1000 ppm, inhibition percentage increased to 36.30%. These findings indicate that all concentrations up to 800 ppm are highly compatible, while 1000 ppm remains moderately compatible with Carbofuran. In contrast, Nanma exhibited high incompatibility, inhibiting Trichoderma growth completely at concentrations ranging from 50 to 100 ppm. At even lower concentrations, inhibition percentage still remained high (70.32% - 78.55%). These findings indicated that Carbofuran 3G can be effectively integrated with T. asperellum (Tr-9) for nematode management in tuber crops, offering a balanced approach that combines chemical and biological methods while reducing environmental impact. Further research is required to evaluate the compatibility of novel nematicides such as Fluopyram, Fluensulfone, and Fluazaindolizine with Trichoderma, along with pot and field studies, to develop an effective integrated nematode management module for tuber crops.
Demand for Public Water in Lagos, Nigeria: Study of Patterns and Factors with implications for Sustainable Development
Authors: Soladoye Olayemi , Adepoju Olusegun
Published: February 2025

The growing urban population in developing countries has worsened the concerns surrounding issues on equal water availability and sustainable management. This study investigates household water demand patterns in Lagos, Nigeria, focusing on the socio-economic and spatial inequalities that influence water usage. Using survey data from 294 households, the study adopted Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for the spatial analysis and Factorial ANOVA to look into the impact of socio-economic characteristics, namely income, gender, education, and occupation, on volumetric water consumption. The spatial analysis covered the mapping of the minimum, maximum and average water demand while also showcasing the demand patterns for public and private water sources. The results from the spatial analysis showed significant differences in water demand between the metropolitan areas and the peri-urban areas. Also, urban areas had increasing public water demand due to improved municipal infrastructure, whilst peri-urban areas depended heavily on private water sources such as boreholes and private vendors. The results showed that income levels had a significant influence on water use. Higher-income households consumed more, while demand of lower-income households is limited since it relies on irregular and costly informal water sources. Gender and age showed minor impacts on differences in volumetric demand, with female-headed households having a modest preference for public water systems over private sources. The study recommends a reduction in reliance on boreholes in peri-urban regions in order to avoid groundwater depletion and environmental degradation. This research adds to the worldwide efforts towards attaining Sustainable Development Goal 6.
Multilevel Characteristics of Cumulative Symptom Burden in Young Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Horan Madeline R. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Choi Jaesung , Krull Kevin R. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Ness Kirsten K. , Hudson Melissa M. , Baker Justin N. , Huang I-Chan
Published: May 2024

Importance

Symptom burden and its characteristics among survivors of pediatric cancers aged 8 to 18 years remain understudied.

Objective

To examine the prevalence of symptom burden among young childhood cancer survivors and identify associations with sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological resilience skills, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Design, Setting, and Participants

A cross-sectional analysis using data collected from November 1, 2017, to January 31, 2019, in a survivorship clinic at a US-based comprehensive cancer center was conducted. Participants included 302 dyads of children aged 8 to 18 years who survived at least 5 years beyond diagnosis and their primary caregivers. Data analysis was performed from March 13, 2023, to February 29, 2024.

Exposures

Diagnosis, caregiver-reported family conflict, self-reported caregiver anxiety, neighborhood-level social vulnerability, and survivor-reported meaning and purpose.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Novel symptom-level burden, integrating the attributes of severity and daily activity interference using the pediatric version of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, global cumulative symptom burden, and HRQOL using the EuroQol-5D. Multinomial logistic regression identified characteristics associated with symptom burden; linear regression assessed symptom burden and HRQOL associations.

Results

Among 302 survivors (mean [SD] age, 14.2 [2.9] years, mean [SD] time since diagnosis, 10.9 [2.9] years; 153 [50.7%] male), 186 (62.0%) had low, 77 (25.7%) moderate, and 37 (12.3%) high global cumulative symptom burden. Greater caregiver anxiety was associated with moderate (risk ratio [RR], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.09-2.24) global symptom burden. Greater neighborhood deprivation was associated with moderate global symptom burden (RR, 4.86; 95% CI, 1.29-18.26). Survivors with greater meaning/purpose were less likely to have moderate (RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.29-0.61) and high (RR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.16-0.46) global symptom burden. The burden of individual symptoms displayed similar patterns. Low (Cohen d, −0.60; 95% CI, −0.87 to −0.32) and moderate/high (d, −0.98; 95% CI, −1.53 to −0.43) general pain, moderate/high numbness (d, −0.99; 95% CI, −1.69 to −0.29), and moderate/high worry (d, −0.55; 95% CI, −0.99 to −0.11) were associated with lower HRQOL.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of young childhood cancer survivors, symptom burden was prevalent. Caregiver anxiety and disparity-related neighborhood factors were associated with greater symptom burden, whereas meaning and purpose was a protective factor. Greater specific symptom burden contributed to poorer HRQOL. The findings suggest that interventions targeting resilience and neighborhood adversity may alleviate symptom burden and improve HRQOL.
Regulation of cardiac fibrosis in mice with TAC/DOCA‐induced HFpEF by resistin‐like molecule gamma and adenylate cyclase 1
Authors: Liu Dawei , Zeng Fanling , Chen Zhiyu , Qin Zheng , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: May 2024

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is one of the major subtypes of heart failure (HF) and no effective treatments for this common disease exist to date. Cardiac fibrosis is central to the pathology of HF and a potential avenue for the treatment of HFpEF. To explore key fibrosis‐related genes and pathways in the pathophysiological process of HFpEF, a mouse model of HFpEF was constructed. The relevant gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and single‐sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) was performed targeting fibrosis‐related pathways to explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in healthy control and HFpEF heart tissues with cross‐tabulation analysis of fibrosis‐related genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the identified fibrosis‐related genes. The two most significant DEGs were selected, and further validation was conducted in HFpEF mice. The results indicated that myocardial fibrosis was significantly upregulated in HFpEF mice compared to healthy controls, while the ssGSEA results revealed significant differences in the enrichment of nine fibrosis‐related pathways in HFpEF myocardial tissue, with 112 out of 798 DEGs being related to fibrosis. The in vivo results demonstrated that expression levels of resistin‐like molecule gamma (Relmg) and adenylate cyclase 1 (Adcy1) in the heart tissues of HFpEF mice were significantly higher and lower, respectively, compared to healthy controls. Taken together, these results suggest that Relmg and Acdy1 as well as the fibrosis process may be potential targets for HFpEF treatment.
All‐Optically Triggered In‐Sensor Collision Detection and Warning Based on 2D Complementary Material Devices
Authors: Huang Yujie , Tan Yinlong , Kang Yan , Ding Weiqiang , Tang Yuhua , Jiang Tian
Published: May 2024

Precise and timely collision detection and warning are essential to ensure the safety of autonomous driving. However, existing collision detection systems based on image sensors and radars are prone to misjudgment in adverse environments such as darkness or rain. The lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) neuron found in locusts achieves potential collision detection in unpredictable environments without the need for object recognition algorithms. Existing artificial collision detectors inspired by LGMD suffer from complex device structures and sophisticated operating modes. Here, an LGMD‐inspired all‐optically triggered in‐sensor collision detector is presented by 2D complementary material devices (2D‐CMDs) composed of n‐type molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and p‐type platinum diselenide (PtSe2) connected in series. The proposed 2D‐CMDs couple the positive photoconductivity of MoS2 and negative photoconductivity of PtSe2 in response to looming light, successfully mimicking the antagonism of excitatory and inhibitory responses in LGMD neurons to generate a nonmonotonic escape response. The 2D‐CMDs exhibit a simple device structure and all‐optically controlled operation mode, consuming only 1 nJ of energy for each collision detection. Furthermore, in‐sensor real‐time collision warning is realized by employing a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to predict alarm time based on the escape response of the proposed 2D‐CMDs.
Rational Design of Ultrafine Pt Nanoparticles with Strong Metal‐Support Interaction for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Liming , Kang Lianmei , Geng Shipeng , Cheng Luo , Cai Dandan , Song Shuqin , Jia Hao , Wang Yi
Published: May 2024

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) plays an indispensable role in hydrogen economy. However, the development of highly active and durable Pt catalysts remains a great challenge. A homogenously‐dispersed, ultrafine and chemically anchored Pt‐based catalyst is successfully synthesized with the regulation of ‐SH groups tethered to SBA‐15 template. The ‐SH not only regulates the particle size of Pt, but also modifies the chemical environment of the carbon support by converting itself into heteroatom—S. The obtained catalyst (Pt/OMCSH) exhibits superior HER catalytic activity (15.4 mV at 10 mA cm−2; 28.4 mV dec−1; 1.0 M KOH) and stability to benchmark samples and most of the previously reported Pt‐based electrocatalysts. First‐principles calculations reveal that the presence of S in the carbon support regulates the electronic structure of Pt and strengthens the metal‐support interaction, thus boosting the reaction kinetics and enhancing the stability of Pt/OMCSH catalyst for HER.
An Immune‐Regulating Polysaccharide Hybrid Hydrogel with Mild Photothermal Effect and Anti‐Inflammatory for Accelerating Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Zhou ShengZhe , Zhang Xueliang , Ni Wei , He Yu , Li Ming , Wang Caixia , Bai Yubing , Zhang Hao , Yao Min
Published: May 2024

Bacterial infections and excessive inflammation present substantial challenges for clinical wound healing. Hydrogels with mild photothermal (PTT) effects have emerged as promising agents owing to their dual actions: positive effects on cells and negative effects on bacteria. Here, an injectable self‐healing hydrogel of oxidized konjac glucomannan/arginine‐modified chitosan (OKGM/CS‐Arg, OC) integrated with protocatechualdehyde‐@Fe (PF) nanoparticles capable of effectively absorbing near‐infrared radiation is synthesized successfully. The OC/PF hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and antioxidant activity. Moreover, in synergy with PTT, OC/PF demonstrates potent antibacterial effects while concurrently stimulating cell migration and new blood vessel formation. In methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus‐infected full‐thickness mouse wounds, the OC/PF hydrogel displays remarkable antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities, and accelerates wound healing by regulating the wound immune microenvironment and promoting M2 macrophage polarization. Consequently, the OC/PF hydrogel represents a novel therapeutic approach for treating multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections and offers a technologically advanced solution for managing infectious wounds in clinical settings.
Printing, Characterizing, and Assessing Transparent 3D Printed Lenses for Optical Imaging
Authors: Rooney Liam M. , Christopher Jay , Watson Ben , Kumar Yash Susir , Copeland Laura , Walker Lewis D. , Foylan Shannan , Amos William B. , Bauer Ralf , McConnell Gail
Published: May 2024

High‐quality lens production has involved subtractive manufacturing methods for centuries. These methods demand specialist equipment and expertise that often render custom high‐grade glass optics inaccessible. A low‐cost, accessible, and reproducible method is developed to manufacture high‐quality three dimensional (3D) printed lenses using consumer‐grade technology. Various planoconvex lenses are produced using a consumer‐grade 3D printer and low‐cost spin coating setup, and printed lenses are compared to commercial glass counterparts. A range of mechanical and optical methods are introduced to determine the surface quality and curvature of 3D printed lenses. Amongst others, high‐resolution interference reflection microscopy methods are used to reconstruct the convex surface of printed lenses and quantify their radius of curvature. The optical throughput and performance of 3D printed lenses are assessed using optical transmissivity measurements and classical beam characterization methods. It is determined that 3D printed lenses have comparable curvature and performance to commercial glass lenses. Finally, the application of 3D printed lenses is demonstrated for brightfield transmission microscopy, resolving sub‐cellular structures over a 2.3 mm field‐of‐view. The high reproducibility and comparable performance of 3D printed lenses present great opportunities for additive manufacturing of bespoke optics for low‐cost rapid prototyping and improved accessibility to high‐quality optics in low‐resource settings.
The role of housing stability in predicting social capital: Exploring social support and psychological integration as mediators for individuals with histories of homelessness and vulnerable housing
Authors: Agha Ayda , Hwang Stephen W. , Palepu Anita , Aubry Tim
Published: May 2024

Social capital is a collective asset important for individual and population well‐being. Individuals who experience homelessness may face barriers in accessing social capital due to health challenges, small social networks, and social exclusion. Data from a 4‐year longitudinal study was used to determine if housing stability predicted greater social capital and if this relationship was mediated by social support and psychological integration for a sample of 855 homeless and vulnerably housed participants living in three Canadian cities. Findings showed that housing stability was not associated with trust and linking social capital. However, higher levels of social support and psychological integration had a mediating effect on the association between housing stability and trust and linking social capital. These findings highlight the importance of social support and psychological integration as means of promoting social capital for people who experience homelessness and vulnerable housing. Social interventions for housed individuals with histories of homelessness may be an avenue to foster greater social capital by building relationships with neighbors and connections to community resources and activities.
Relationships, stability, and authenticity: How being yourself is ‘the’ key to community sport coaching and youth work
Authors: Crisp Philippe
Published: May 2024

The fields of youth work and community sport development both use participation in sport as a means by which to engage young people and support behavioural change. This is achieved through social intervention programmes (whether part of broader or specific approaches, or individual, group, or community contexts), that specifically address community and psychological wellbeing. While extensive bodies of literature support effective practices in both fields, there are fewer related to the intersubjectivity between them. Given, in the UK context at least, the crossover of funded programmes, objectives, and practice in an applied and policy sense, this study sought to investigate what practitioners in both fields considered best practice relative to how they facilitated appreciable changes in pro‐social behaviour and lifestyle trajectories. This study used semi‐structured interviews with nine participants who all had experience of working in both community sport coaching and youth work. The findings suggest that youth workers and community sport coaches can fashion effective practice through working climates that actively ensure stability and connections, and that authentic projection of self, one that means practitioners must care and have the interest of the young people at heart, are essential to create positive psychological change through meaningful relationships. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Autism in girls: ‘Camouflaging,’ social functioning, and diagnostic dilemmas
Authors: Cammuso Karen , Knapp‐Ines Kristin
Published: May 2024

The subject of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis in girls has become an important area of clinical and research focus. For years, the male:female ratio of ASD has been estimated as approximately 4:1, with affected girls historically presenting with a higher likelihood of significant intellectual impairments. Clinicians and researchers have increasingly questioned this ratio, with findings indicating that girls with average or higher intellectual and/or verbal functioning have a different phenotype than males affected with ASD.
Helping addicted women and their newborns stay together and recover
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2024

Sometimes it seems there's little hope for pregnant women who are addicted to drugs, or for their families. But in fact, there is a robust literature proving that family‐based care helps keep mother and child together, and federal grants are supporting such programs.
Is there any difference between Eastern and Western clinical practice guidelines in management of gastric cancer?
Authors: Jalaeefar Amirmohsen , Mousavi Seyedeh Zahra , Shirkhoda Mohammad , Mahmoodzadeh Habibollah , Mohammadzadeh Narjes , Sharifi Amirsina
Published: May 2024

Background and Recent findings

Gastric cancer (GC) has been known as one of the most common causes of cancer mortality both in Western and Eastern countries. However, there might be differences between how it is managed in different countries. Thus, we aimed to investigate these differences.

Materials and Methods

The most well‐known clinical guidelines in field of GC management including Korean GC Association (KGCA), Japanese GC Association (JGCA), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG), and National Institute for health and Care Excellence (NICE) have been reviewed.

Results

The contents of these guidelines were categorized under eight headings including (1) genetic predisposition, (2) prevention, (3) management of gastric polyp, atrophy, dysplasia and metaplasia, (4) diagnosis, (5) pathology and molecular biology, (6) treatment, (7) supportive and palliative care, and (8) follow up. Difference in each section was discussed.

Conclusion

Considering KGCA and JGCA as Eastern and NCCN, ESMO, BSG, and NICE as Western guidelines, it is revealed that both sets of guidelines share common practices such as prioritizing comprehensive diagnostic evaluations, personalizing treatment plans, and palliative care. However, main differences can be seen in treatment regimens, the adoption of newer therapies like immunotherapy, and the utilization of emerging techniques such as HIPEC. These differences reflect the diverse clinical landscapes, research focuses, and healthcare systems within these regions.
Model‐Informed Precision Dosing Using Machine Learning for Levothyroxine in General Practice: Development, Validation and Clinical Simulation Trial
Authors: Janssen Daalen Jules M. , Doesburg Djoeke , Hunik Liesbeth , Kessel Rogier , Herngreen Thomas , Knol Dennis , Ruys Thony , van den Bemt Bart J.F. , Schers Henk J.
Published: May 2024

Levothyroxine is one of the most prescribed drugs in the western world. Dosing is challenging due to high‐interindividual differences in effective dosage and the narrow therapeutic window. Model‐informed precision dosing (MIPD) using machine learning could assist general practitioners (GPs), but no such models exist for primary care. Furthermore, introduction of decision‐support algorithms in healthcare is limited due to the substantial gap between developers and clinicians' perspectives. We report the development, validation, and a clinical simulation trial of the first MIPD application for primary care. Stable maintenance dosage of levothyroxine was the model target. The multiclass model generates predictions for individual patients, for different dosing classes. Random forest was trained and tested on a national primary care database (n = 19,004) with a final weighted AUC across dosing options of 0.71, even in subclinical hypothyroidism. TSH, fT4, weight, and age were most predictive. To assess the safety, feasibility, and clinical impact of MIPD for levothyroxine, we performed clinical simulation studies in GPs and compared MIPD to traditional prescription. Fifty‐one GPs selected starting dosages for 20 primary hypothyroidism cases without and then with MIPD 2 weeks later. Overdosage and underdosage were defined as higher and lower than 12.5 μg relative to stable maintenance dosage. MIPD decreased overdosage in number (30.5 to 23.9%, P < 0.01) and magnitude (median 50 to 37.5 μg, P < 0.01) and increased optimal starting dosages (18.3 to 30.2%, P < 0.01). GPs considered lab results more often with MIPD and most would use the model frequently. This study demonstrates the clinical relevance, safety, and effectiveness of MIPD for levothyroxine in primary care.
Correspondence to “association of sleep patterns and cardiovascular disease risk is modified by glucose tolerance status”
Authors: Chen Ssu‐Yu , Lin Ting‐An , Sun Cheuk‐Kwan , Chang Renin
Published: May 2024

After reading the article written by Wang et al., we have encountered several concerns that may compromise the credibility of the article. There are some factors, such as changes in sleep patterns, glucose tolerance status, and the use of hypnotics, which may interfere with the research results. Additionally, the design of the sleep pattern could lead to biased outcomes. Therefore, we are writing this letter to recommend that further research should take these concerns into consideration.
Temporal and spatial biosonar activity of the recently established uppermost Yangtze finless porpoise population downstream of the Gezhouba Dam: Correlation with hydropower cascade development, shipping, hydrological regime, and light intensity
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Tao , Duan Peng‐Xiang , Akamatsu Tomonari , Wang Ke‐Xiong , Wang Ding
Published: May 2024

Numerous dams disrupt freshwater animals. The uppermost population of the critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise has been newly formed below the Gezhouba Dam, however, information regarding the local porpoise is scarce. Passive acoustic monitoring was used to detect the behaviors of porpoises below the Gezhouba Dam. The influence of shipping, pandemic lockdown, hydrological regime, and light intensity on the biosonar activity of dolphins was also examined using Generalized linear models. Over the course of 4 years (2019–2022), approximately 848, 596, and 676 effective monitoring days were investigated at the three sites, from upstream to downstream. Observations revealed significant spatio‐temporal biosonar activity. Proportion of days that are porpoise positive were 73%, 54%, and 61%, while porpoise buzz signals accounted for 78.49%, 62.35%, and 81.30% of all porpoise biosonar at the three stations. The biosonar activity of porpoises was much higher at the confluence area, particularly at the MZ site, during the absence of boat traffic, and during the Pandemic shutdown. Temporal trends of monthly, seasonal, and yearly variation were also visible, with the highest number of porpoises biosonar detected in the summer season and in 2020. Significant correlations also exist between the hydrological regime and light intensity and porpoise activity, with much higher detections during nighttime and full moon periods. Hydropower cascade development, establishment of a natural reserve, fish release initiatives, and implementation of fishing restrictions may facilitate the proliferation of the porpoise population downstream of the Gezhouba Dam within the Yichang section of the Yangtze River. Prioritizing restoration designs that match natural flow regimes, optimize boat traffic, and reduce noise pollution is crucial for promoting the conservation of the local porpoises.
Remission of startle epilepsy provoked by acoustic stimuli following complete callosotomy: A case study
Authors: Ukishiro Kazushi , Osawa Shin‐ichiro , Kakisaka Yosuke , Jin Kazutaka , Tominaga Teiji , Endo Hidenori , Nakasato Nobukazu
Published: May 2024

Herein, we present the case of a 21‐year‐old man with a history of generalized tonic seizures since the age of 4 years. These seizures occurred either spontaneously or could be provoked by auditory stimuli such as the sounds of a vacuum cleaner or an electric shaver. Despite trials with 10 different anti‐seizure medications, his seizures remained refractory. Interictal electroencephalography (EEG) revealed generalized epileptiform activity, whereas ictal EEG showed a generalized attenuation pattern. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed extensive chronic infarctions, predominantly in the bilateral cerebral watershed areas. At the age of 17, the patient underwent a one‐stage complete callosotomy, which only achieved remission of auditory‐provoked seizures. Based on this experience and published reports, we propose that the posterior corpus callosum, particularly the isthmus and anterior splenium, may be involved in seizures caused by unexpected sound stimuli.
Effect of cocoa consumption on postprandial blood pressure in older adults with untreated hypertension: A randomized crossover clinical trial
Authors: Osei Emmanuel Ofori , Amoah Isaac , Lim Jia Jiet , Tawiah Phyllis , Aduama‐Larbi Margaret Saka , Oduro Ibok Nsa , Cobbinah Jesse Charles , Dare Andrew Patrick , Diako Charles
Published: May 2024

Cocoa powder is an important dietary source of flavanols that modulate elevated blood pressure (BP). This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of cocoa beverage co‐consumption with a high‐fat‐high‐salt meal (HFHSM) on postprandial systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate in older adults living with uncontrolled hypertension. The study was a randomized crossover trial and involved older adults (aged 52.50 ± 9.36 years) (n = 28) living with hypertension. Participants, following an overnight fast, consumed either an HFHSM and cocoa beverage comprising 15 g cocoa powder in 250 mL water (HFHSM + CB; intervention) or HFHSM and 250 mL water (HFHSM + W; control). Resting SBP, DBP, and the heart rate of participants were measured at baseline (−5 min and 0 min) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min following the consumption of either HFHSM + CB or HFHSM + W using an automated BP monitor. Repeated measures linear mixed model was used to compare the effect of cocoa beverage and water on postprandial outcomes over a 2‐h period. A significant reduction (−3.8 ± 0.6 mmHg, p < .05) in resting SBP was observed postprandially following the intake of the HFHSM + CB over the 120‐min period compared to the HFHSM + W. The effect was more prominent during the 90‐ and 120‐min time points of the trial duration. No significant change in the DBP and heart rate following the consumption of HFHSM + CB compared to the HFHSM + W was observed. Cocoa beverage co‐consumption with HFHSM improved postprandial SBP in older adults living with hypertension.
Assessing methods for detecting Alexandrium catenella (Dinophyceae) and paralytic shellfish toxins in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Cornett Juliana C. , Cates Rebecca J. , Ledger Kimberly J. , Pinger Cody W. , Hart Courtney E. , Laboda Katherine R. , Larson Wesley A. , Hollarsmith Jordan A.
Published: May 2024

Blooms of Alexandrium catenella threaten to disrupt subsistence, recreational, and commercial shellfish harvest in Alaska, as the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced pose a serious public health risk and can lead to costly shutdowns for shellfish farmers. Current methods of PST detection in the region range from monitoring programs utilizing net tows to detect A. catenella to direct shellfish tissue testing via mouse bioassay (MBA) for commercial aquaculture harvest, as well as various optional testing methods for subsistence and recreational harvesters. The efficacy and feasibility of these methods vary, and they have not been directly compared in Southeast Alaska. In this study, we sought to assess and compare A. catenella and PST early detection methods to determine which can provide the most effective and accurate warning of A. catenella blooms or PST events. We found microscope counts to be variable and prone to missing lower numbers of A. catenella, which may be indicative of bloom formation. However, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) significantly correlated with microscope counts and was able to effectively detect even low numbers of A. catenella on all sampling days. Paralytic shellfish toxin concentrations measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and MBA significantly correlated with each other, qPCR, and some microscope counts. These results show that qPCR is an effective tool for both monitoring A. catenella and serving as a proxy for PSTs. Further work is needed to refine qPCR protocols in this system to provide bloom warnings on an actionable timescale for the aquaculture industry and other shellfish harvesters. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2189–2202. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

Key Points

The species-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay effectively detects Alexandrium catenella at numbers too low for other methods. A threshold of ~90 000 000 A. catenella qPCR copies per liter may indicate elevated paralytic shellfish toxins in Pacific oysters. Microscope counts of A. catenella cells are variable and miss low quantities. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays detect elevated paralytic shellfish toxins, and correlate with approved testing methods.
The current infection with Helicobacter pylori and association with upper gastrointestinal lesions and risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer: Insights from multicenter population‐based cohort study
Authors: Yan Xinxin , Zeng Hongmei , Li He , Cao Maomao , Yang Fan , He Siyi , Zhang Shaoli , Teng Yi , Li Qianru , Xia Changfa , Chen Wanqing
Published: May 2024

The relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers is complex. This multicenter, population‐based cohort study conducted in seven areas in China aimed to assess the correlation between current H. pylori infection and the severity of UGI lesions, as well as its association with the risk of gastric cancer (GC) and esophageal cancer (EC). From 2015 to 2017, 27,085 participants (aged 40–69) completed a standardized questionnaire, and underwent a 13C‐urea breath test. Then a subset underwent UGI endoscopy to assess the UGI lesion detection rates. All individuals were followed up until December 2021 to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for UGI cancers. H. pylori infection prevalence was 45.9%, and among endoscopy participants, 22.2% had gastric lesions, 19.2% had esophageal lesions. Higher detection rates of gastric lesions were noted in the H. pylori‐positive population across all lesion severity levels. Over a median follow‐up of 6.3 years, 104 EC and 179 GC cases were observed, including 103 non‐cardia gastric cancer (NCGC) cases and 76 cardia gastric cancer (CGC) cases. H. pylori‐infected individuals exhibited a 1.78‐fold increased risk of GC (HR 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32–2.40) but no significant increase in EC risk (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.73–1.57). Notably, there was a higher risk for both NCGC and CGC in H. pylori‐infected individuals. This population‐based cohort study provides valuable evidence supporting the association between current H. pylori infection and the risk of both NCGC and CGC. These findings contribute to the empirical basis for risk stratification and recommendations for UGI cancer screening.
An ultra thin, bright, and sensitive interactive tactile display based on organic mechanoluminescence for dual‐mode handwriting identification
Authors: Hou Tingting , Li Wenlang , Wang Haoyu , Zheng Yuantian , Chen Chaojie , Zhang Haoran , Chen Kai , Xie Huilin , Li Xin , He Shaoshuai , Zhang Siwei , Peng Dengfeng , Yang Cheng , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong , Zi Yunlong
Published: May 2024

Visible light‐based human–machine interactive media is capable of transmitting electrical readouts to machines and providing intuitive feedback to users simultaneously. Currently, many inorganic mechanoluminescent (ML) materials‐based interactive media, typically ZnS‐loaded phosphors (ZLPs), have been successfully demonstrated. However, organic ML materials‐based solutions were rarely exploited despite their huge merits of strong structural modification, abundant luminescence property, low cost, easy preparation, and so on. Here, we propose a novel interactive tactile display (ITD) based on organic ML materials (Cz‐A6‐dye) and triboelectric nanogenerator, with ultra‐brightness (130% enhancement) and ultra‐low threshold pressure (57% reduction) as compared to ZLPs. The proposed ITD achieves the conversion of weak mechanical stimuli into visible light and electrical signals simultaneously, without extra power supplies. Furthermore, the relationship between the luminous performance of organic ML materials and mechanical force is quantified, benefiting from the uniform ML layer prepared. Enabled by convolutional neural networks, the high‐accuracy recognition (97.1%) for handwriting and identity of users is realized at the same time. Thus, the ITD has great potential for intelligent wearable electronics and classified military applications.

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A Wonder‐Full Week Awaits
Authors: Atwood Stephen P.
Published: May 2024

Welcome to San Jose and the start of Display Week 2024. Display Week is so much more than just an exhibition. This year's conference promises some of the widest arrays of foundational technologies, an outstanding assemblage of technical programs, and one‐day conferences throughout the week.
The Evolving Landscape of Human Interface to Technology
Authors: Bhowmik Achin
Published: May 2024

As I write my final “President's Corner” for the Display Week 2024 issue and reflect on my two‐year tenure as president of the Society for Information Display (SID), I am filled with a sense of deep gratitude and pride.
The Impact of Colloidal QD Science and Technology on the Display Industry
Authors: Steckel Jonathan
Published: May 2024

Congratulations to Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Aleksey Yekimov for winning the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry “for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots.” This is an outstanding achievement for them and for all of us who currently work or have worked on developing and commercializing colloidal quantum‐dot (QD) technology.
QD Light‐Emitting Diodes: An Overview and Their Impact on the Display Landscape
Authors: Park Myoungjin , Kim Tae‐Ho , Jun Shinae , Lee Changhee
Published: May 2024

Recent breakthroughs in quantum dot (QD) technology are revolutionizing the display industry, and self‐emissive QD‐LED displays promise vivid colors, enhanced efficiency, and excellent visual experiences.
ClearMR 1.1—Improving the VESA Standard Method for Measuring Motion Blur
Authors: Seto Frank , Stolitzka Dale
Published: May 2024

The standard has several upgrades, leading to more efficient testing and a tighter statistical variance in results.
ID Asks/Scott Soong
Authors: Peruvemba Sri
Published: May 2024

Humble Entrepreneur with Amazing Achievements
A semi‐analytical model for coupled THM consolidation of saturated clays improved by PVTD considering thermal contraction
Authors: Tian Yi , Jiang Guosheng , Gui Yue , Wen Minjie , Mei Guoxiong , Wu Wenbing , Zhang Yi
Published: May 2024

Previous studies have demonstrated that saturated normally consolidated and lightly over‐consolidated clays undergo contraction when heated due to a reduction in preconsolidation pressure. A linear constitutive model is proposed to describe the thermal contraction, with this model, governing equations are developed for the coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) consolidation induced by a prefabricated vertical thermo‐drain (PVTD). Corresponding semi‐analytical solutions are derived employing the Laplace transform and validated via comparison with experimental results, existing numerical model, and custom finite element method (FEM) model. Subsequently, comprehensive parametric analyses are carried out to investigate the THM coupling consolidation behaviors of the clays. Outcomes show that aside from surcharge load, generation of excess pore water pressure in soils can also be induced by thermal contraction, difference in thermal expansibility between pore water and soil grains, and thermo‐osmosis, where the influence of thermal contraction on the excess pore water pressure is the most prominent among the three factors.
On the Low‐Pressure Hysteresis (LPH) in Gas Sorption Isotherms of Porous Carbons
Authors: Zelenka Tomáš , Zelená Lucie , Abreu‐Jaureguí Coset , Silvestre‐Albero Joaquin , Zelenková Gabriela , Slovák Václav
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the origin of low‐pressure hysteresis (LPH) in the adsorption and desorption of three different probe molecules: carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon, across various adsorption temperatures (from cryogenic to room temperature), and within five different carbon materials: synthetic carbons (pristine and one post‐synthetically oxidized) and natural coal. Significant attention is dedicated to elucidating LPH in oxidized samples outgassed at various temperatures (120–350 °C). Experimental results show that insufficient outgassing temperature can lead to unreliable data due to artificial LPH and significantly underestimated textural properties, primarily caused by porosity blockage from substances like moisture. Conversely, in samples where heteroatoms have a stabilizing effect on texture, such as natural coal, careful consideration of outgassing temperature is crucial due to the risk of thermal degradation. Other factors contributing to LPH are adsorption temperature, and especially, kinetic limitations at cryogenic temperatures for cellulose‐based carbons. Minor factors responsible for LPH are the physical state of the sample (monolith vs powder) and the flexibility of the porous system, both studied by carbon dioxide sorption. This study constitutes an important piece in the evaluation of LPH, providing practical recommendations and underlining the importance of experimental design, with implications for further research in this complex field.
Effect of Sample Geometry on Graphitization of Polyacrylonitrile
Authors: Hwang Young Woo , Shin Tae Joo , Seo Jae Hong , Kim Min Hyeok , Lee Won Jun , Ruoff Rodney S. , Seong Won Kyung , Lee Sun Hwa
Published: May 2024

In this study, it is analyzed how sample geometry (spheres, nanofibers, or films) influences the graphitization behavior of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) molecules. The chemical bonding and changes in the composition of these three geometries are studied at the oxidation, carbonization, and graphitization stages via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in situ thermogravimetric‐infrared (TGA‐IR) analysis, elemental analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The influence of molecular alignment on the graphitization of the three sample geometries is investigated using synchrotron wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of molecular alignment at different draw rates during spinning are explored in detail.
Dual Channel H2O2 Photosynthesis in Pure Water over S‐Scheme Heterojunction Cs3PMo12/CC Boosted by Proton and Electron Reservoirs
Authors: Wei Chong , Zhang Yu , Qu Yunteng , Hua Wenbo , Jia Zixian , Lu Jiangbo , Xie Gang , Xiao Jianming , Hu Huaiming , Yang Ying , Liu Ji‐Quan , Bai Jinbo , Xue Ganglin
Published: May 2024

Dual channel photo‐driven H2O2 production in pure water on small‐scale on‐site setups is a promising strategy to provide low‐concentrated H2O2 whenever needed. This process suffers, however, strongly from the fast recombination of photo‐generated charge carriers and the sluggish oxidation process. Here, insoluble Keggin‐type cesium phosphomolybdate Cs3PMo12O40 (abbreviated to Cs3PMo12) is introduced to carbonized cellulose (CC) to construct S‐scheme heterojunction Cs3PMo12/CC. Dual channel H2O2 photosynthesis from both H2O oxidation and O2 reduction in pure water has been thus achieved with the production rate of 20.1 mmol L−1 gcat.−1 h−1, apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 2.1% and solar‐to‐chemical conversion (SCC) efficiency of 0.050%. H2O2 accumulative concentration reaches 4.9 mmol L−1. This high photocatalytic activity is guaranteed by unique features of Cs3PMo12/CC, namely, S‐scheme heterojunction, electron reservoir, and proton reservoir. The former two enhance the separation of photo‐generated charge carriers, while the latter speeds up the torpid oxidation process. In situ experiments reveal that H2O2 is formed via successive single‐electron transfer in both channels. In real practice, exposing the reaction system under natural sunlight outdoors successfully results in 0.24 mmol L−1 H2O2. This work provides a key practical strategy for designing photocatalysts in modulating redox half‐reactions in photosynthesis.