bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAMUS AND THE THEATRE OF TERROR: ARTAUDIAN DRAMATURGY AND SETTLER SOCIETY IN THE WORKS OF ALBERT CAMUS
Authors: CHURCHILL CHRISTOPHER
Published: February 2010

This essay examines Albert Camus's considerable debt to Antonin Artaud. Camus was not only a dramatist, but he also employed dramaturgical techniques in his more famous fiction and essays. In this regard, Artaud's ideas on social reconstitution through aesthetic terror were crucial to the development of many of Camus's most famous works, written both in Algeria and in France before and after World War II. This article considers the ways in which aesthetic–political techniques adapted from Artaud's Theatre of Cruelty were employed to challenge fascism in Algeria and France, by simultaneously summoning Algerian settler myths of exile, destitution and regeneration. Camus's considerable sophistication in the use of these techniques, and the colonial context in which they were initially applied, have often been missed by scholars and critics who have sought to unproblematically situate his works within debates about the Cold War and more recently the “War against Terror”.
LOUIS MINK, “POSTMODERNISM”, AND THE VOCATION OF HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: JAMES SAMUEL
Published: February 2010

This essay reconstructs the intellectual development of the philosopher of history Louis O. Mink Jr, in order to illuminate the philosophical background to “postmodernism” in American historical epistemology. From around 1970, Mink was a prominent and influential defender of the view that historical narratives were imaginative constructions rather than representations of past actuality. This has since been understood as a characteristically postmodern view. Mink's wider sensibility, however, is better described as modernist than postmodernist. The crucial context for his philosophy was a hostility to “positivism” going back to his graduate years at Yale, and his epistemological views were of a piece with a defence of historical understanding as both distinctive and valuable. In both respects Mink was influenced by the philosophy of R. G. Collingwood, while he was himself an important influence on Hayden White. Mink's case therefore helps bridge the gap between interwar and later twentieth-century versions of Anglophone historical contructivism, while drawing attention to some cultural contexts in which the development of both modernist and postmodernist views of historiography must be understood.
AGAINST WHITENESS: RACE AND PSYCHOLOGY IN THE AMERICAN SOUTH
Authors: KING RICHARD H.
Published: February 2010

It is tempting to think that we have heard just about all we want or need to know about race. As the above quotes indicate, modern notions of race have always revolved around the faculty of vision, with supplementary contributions from other senses such as hearing, as Arendt notes in a tacit allusion to one mark of Jewish difference—the way they sounded when concentrated in urban settings. Yet two very recent works—Mark M. Smith's How Race Is Made and Anne C. Rose's Psychology and Selfhood in the Segregated South—have much to teach us about how race has “worked”, particularly in the twentieth-century South but also, by implication, in the United States in general. Both works assume that, historically, race is no mere add-on to the self, a kind of externality that, once detected, can be relatively easily excised. Rather, it stands right at the heart of personal and group identity in a nation where race and ethnicity continue to assume surprising new shapes and forms.
Ouabain binding kinetics and FXYD7 expression in astrocytes and neurons in primary cultures: implications for cellular contributions to extracellular K+homeostasis?
Authors: Peng Liang , Huang Rong , Zhang Shiquen , Hertz Leif
Published: February 2010

Although Na+,K+-ATPase-mediated K+uptake into astrocytes plays a major role in re-establishing resting extracellular K+following neuronal excitation little information is available about astrocytic Na+,K+-ATPase function, let alone mechanisms returning K+to neurons. The catalytic units of the Na+,K+-ATPase are the astrocyte-specific α2, the neuron-specific α3and the ubiquitously expressed α1. In the present work,BmaxandKDvalues for α1, α2and α3subunits were computed in cultured cerebro-cortical mouse astrocytes and cerebellar granule neurons by non-linear regression as high-affinity (α2, α3) and low-affinity (α1) [3H]ouabain binding sites, which stoichiometrically equal transporter sites. Cellular expression was also determined of the brain- and α1-β1isoform-specific FDYX7, regulating Na+,K+-ATPase efficiency and K+-sensitivity. From ouabain-sensitive K+uptake rates published by ourselves (Walz and Hertz, 1982) or others (Atterwillet al., 1985), Na+,K+-ATPase turnover was determined. Subunits α2and α3showedBmaxof 15–30 pmol/mg protein, with maximum turnover rates of 70–80/s.Bmaxof the α1subunit was low in neurons but very high in astrocytes (645 pmol/mg protein), where turnover rate was slow, reflecting expression of selectively expressed FXYD7, and binding was increased by K+. The role of these characteristics for K+homeostasis are discussed.
The Sun and stars as the primary energy input in planetary atmospheres
Authors: Ribas Ignasi
Published: February 2010

Proper characterization of the host star to a planet is a key element to the understanding of its overall properties. The star has a direct impact through the modification of the structure and evolution of the planet atmosphere by being the overwhelmingly larger source of energy. The star plays a central role in shaping the structure, evolution, and even determining the mere existence of planetary atmospheres. The vast majority of the stellar flux is well understood thanks to the impressive progress made in the modeling of stellar atmospheres. At short wavelengths (X-rays to UV), however, the information is scarcer since the stellar emission does not originate in the photosphere but in the chromospheric and coronal regions, which are much less understood. The same can be said about particle emissions, with a strong impact on planetary atmospheres, because a detailed description of the time-evolution of stellar wind is still lacking. Here we review our current understanding of the flux and particle emissions of the Sun and low-mass stars and briefly address their impact in the context of planetary atmospheres.
One solar cycle of solar astrometry with MDI/SOHO
Authors: Emilio Marcelo , Kuhn Jeff R. , Bush Rock I.
Published: February 2010

In this work we describe the method and results of precise solar astrometry made with the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI), on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), during one complete solar cycle. We measured an upper limit to the solar radius variation, the absolute solar radius value and the solar shape. Our results are 22 mas peak-to-peak upper limit for the solar radius variation over the solar cycle, the absolute radius was measured as 959.28 ± 0.15 arcsec at 1 AU and the difference between polar and equatorial solar radii in 1997 was 5 km and about three times larger in 2001.
Differential rotation on active late-type stars observed with Corot
Authors: Gondoin P. , Fridlund M. , Gandolfi D. , Güenter E.
Published: February 2010

One major topic in studying stellar activity is to explain how phenomena seen on the Sun and stars, and specially magnetic phenomena, depend on stellar properties such as rotation and age. Differential rotation is an important physical process in theories of stellar magnetic field generation. The solar surface differential rotation was initially discovered via the simple method of tracking the rotation rates of individual starspots at different latitudes. Adopting a similar principle, high accuracy light curves of active stars observed with the CoRoT satellite are analyzed using a model based on the rotational modulation of the visibility of active regions.
Multifractal spectrum of solar active region NOAA 10960 in the Hα spectral line
Authors: Batmunkh D.
Published: February 2010

We obtained the Hα images of some solar active regions and prominences. Our astronomical observatory has the telescope-coronagraph which was equipped with the birefringent Halle Hα filter and CCD camera Apogee U4 (2048x2048 pixels). This paper presents multifractal spectra of images of some solar active regions in Hα line obtained with the coronagraph. The Pointwise Hoelder exponents (α) and Hausdorff spectrum fn(α) for a part of chromosphere with active region and without it, have been obtained. It is visible, that curves fn(α) for quiet and active regions of chromosphere differ very strongly. In particular, fn(α) for region with a sunspot and flare has very complicated form, and for region with filament the curves do not considerably differ from quiet chromosphere. The multifractal spectrum of quiet chromosphere shows that the quiet chromosphere is very well described by fractals with different dimensions. We analyze this result.
Observed variations of the solar photospheric diameter
Authors: Boscardin S. C. , Neto E. Reis , Penna J. , Rodriguez Papa A. R. , Andrei A. H. , d'Ávila V. A.
Published: February 2010

Here we derive a formulation connecting the observed variations of the solar diameter to the heliophysics of the photosphere, in particular in connection to the granulation pattern and morphology. The results from the measurements are next used to correlate the variations of the semi-diameter and of estimators of the solar activity along the solar cycle 23. The values obtained strongly support a broader physical description of the photosphere, intertwining the diameter variations with the irradiance, the sunspots, the 10.7 cm radio emission, and to a lesser degree with the integrated magnetic field and with the flares count.
The EUV spectral irradiance of the Sun from 1997 to date
Authors: Del Zanna Giulio , Andretta Vincenzo
Published: February 2010

We present measurements of the EUV spectral irradiance we have obtained from radiance measurements with the SOHO Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer, from 1997 to date. We discuss the contribution of the various regions of the Sun to the total EUV irradiance, and how they varied dramatically between the last two solar minima. These observations allow us to interpret spectral irradiance measurements in the EUV which have been available since 2002 with the TIMED mission. We also briefly discuss how changes in various activity indices compare with the EUV spectral variability, and the limitations of spectral modelling.
New improvements of HASTA for the analysis of chomospheric solar events
Authors: Leuzzi L. , Francile C. , Luoni M. L. , Rovira M. , Castro J. I.
Published: February 2010

It is well known that chromospheric observations in the hydrogen alpha line give relevant information about solar flares, plages and protuberances, among other typical features of the Sun. From 1998 to 2006, the HAlpha Solar Telescope of Argentina (HASTA) has provided solar images to the scientific community with the technological resources available at that time. Starting in 2007, major improvements have been incorporated, like a new CCD camera with enhanced spatial and temporal resolution, filter replacement, the automatic focusing system, and a new flat-fielding procedure. The hardware changes also called for software improvements, and a new solar-flare classification routine was implemented. At present, the Félix Aguilar Observatory (OAFA) of the University of San Juan (UNSJ) has a permanent staff of observers which now permits continuous solar monitoring. We expect that all these advances will allow to analyze chromospheric solar activity, especially solar flares, in more detail.
Automatic detection method, forecast and alert of solar proton events
Authors: Lin Ganghua
Published: February 2010

The methods of automatic solar active phenomenon or event detection have been researched and explored by people for many years, which have gone into actual services. The paper analyzes the relationship between these methods of automatic detection and the forecast or alert, using the solar short-term proton events predictions as an example. Using automatic method to conduct forecast or alert is under thinking.
Sunspot cycles and Grand Minima
Authors: Sokoloff Dmitry , Arlt Rainer , Moss David , Saar Steven H. , Usoskin Ilya
Published: February 2010

Observational data concerning the long-term history of cyclic solar activity as recorded in sunspot and isotopic data are discussed in the context of solar dynamo theory. In particular, a simple dynamo model based on differential rotation and the mirror asymmetry of convection with random fluctuations of dynamo governing parameters is shown to reproduce some basic features of the solar magnetic activity evolution.
Towards understanding the global magnetism of the Sun and solar-like stars
Authors: Brun Allan Sacha
Published: February 2010

The Sun and solar-like stars possess intense and cyclic magnetic activity. In order to understand how this comes about we have developed series of 2-D and 3-D models in order to simulate their global dynamics and magnetism. We here report on our latest findings.
The stellar magnetic dynamo during the evolution across the main sequence
Authors: Hubrig Swetlana
Published: February 2010

In comparison with stellar magnetic field studies in the eighties and nineties, where most effort was focused on A, B, and active solar-type stars, magnetic fields are currently directly measured in massive early B and O stars with radiative envelopes, as well as in the lower mass tail consisting of fully convective late-M dwarfs. Knowledge of the magnetic field topology of stars of different mass and at different evolutionary stages is important to understand the underlying magnetic field generation mechanisms. I review the present status of magnetic field studies along with the results of theoretical modeling.
Probability distribution functions for solar and stellar magnetic fields
Authors: Stenflo Jan O.
Published: February 2010

Magneto-convection structures the magnetic field in solar and stellar atmospheres over scales that for the Sun span about 8 orders of magnitudes, down to the magnetic diffusion scale of order 10 m. The statistical properties of this structuring are governed by probability density functions (PDFs), for the vertical and transverse field components as well as for the field inclination. Due to the fractal nature of the field pattern these PDFs appear to have a high degree of scale invariance. There are serious pitfalls in the derivations of empirical PDFs, pitfalls that are particularly severe in the case of the field inclination. This explains the fragmentary and rather unreliable PDF information available in the published literature. Here we discuss the nature of these pitfalls and indicate how they may be avoided, using Hinode quiet-sun Stokes vector data to derive PDFs for the field strength and field inclination.
Oscillatory migratory large-scale fields in mean-field and direct simulations
Authors: Mitra Dhrubaditya , Tavakol Reza , Brandenburg Axel , Käpylä Petri J.
Published: February 2010

We summarise recent results form direct numerical simulations of both non-rotating helically forced and rotating convection driven MHD equations in spherical wedge-shape domains. In the former, using perfect-conductor boundary conditions along the latitudinal boundaries we observe oscillations, polarity reversals and equatorward migration of the large-scale magnetic fields. In the latter we obtain angular velocity with cylindrical contours and large-scale magnetic field which shows oscillations, polarity reversals but poleward migration. The occurrence of these behviours in direct numerical simulations is clearly of interest. However the present models as they stand are not directly applicable to the solar dynamo problem. Nevertheless, they provide general insights into the operation of turbulent dynamos.
Transport of open magnetic flux between solar polar regions
Authors: Pevtsov Alexei A. , Abramenko Valentyna I.
Published: February 2010

We present the observations of coronal hole that has originated at the polar hole in one hemisphere, extended to equatorial region, got disconnected and transported across the equator to polar region of opposite hemisphere.
Evolution of the large-scale magnetic field over three solar cycles
Authors: Hoeksema J. Todd
Published: February 2010

Observations of the large-scale magnetic field show that the current extended solar cycle minimum is different from the three previous well-observed minima. The weaker polar fields increase the relative influence of middle and low-latitude flux patterns on the configuration of the corona and heliosphere. A much larger portion of the open flux originates in equatorial coronal holes. Even though the mean magnetic field of the Sun as a star is the weakest since measurements began, the sector structure of the interplanetary field, though smaller in magnitude, reached fairly high latitude until 2009. The emergence of active regions through the cycle and transport of flux from low to high latitudes also show quite different patterns, providing insight into the dynamo that drives the cycle. Long records of synoptic observations provide a rich source of information about solar activity that must be maintained.
Mechanisms for total and spectral solar irradiance variations
Authors: Haberreiter Margit
Published: February 2010

The total and spectral irradiance varies over short time scales, i.e. from days to months, and longer time scales from years to decades, centuries, and beyond. In this talk we review the current understanding of irradiance changes from days to decades. We present the current status of observations and discuss proposed reconstruction approaches to understand these variations. The main question that ultimately needs to be answered is what are the physical processes that could explain the enhanced heating of the photosphere, chromosphere, transition region, and corona, leading to a change in the solar radiative output at various wavelengths. As semi-empirical models allow us to reproduce the solar spectrum over a broad wavelength range, they offer a powerful tool to determine the energy necessary to heat certain layers and at the same time balance the radiative losses.
Large-scale patterns and ‘active longitudes’
Authors: Obridko Vladimir N.
Published: February 2010

The following aspects of the physics of large-scale solar magnetic fields are discussed: structure of large-scale fields (LSF) and connection with local fields; dynamo and origin of LSF; LSF cycle variation; meridional circulation and LSF; rotation of LSF; fine structure of the field in quiet regions and the concept of the pebble-shaped field; active longitudes, their manifestation in various solar indices, and dependence on the power of solar activity.
RS CVn binary IM Peg – investigation of stellar activity and surface flows
Authors: Korhonen Heidi , Weber Michael , Wittkowski Markus , Granzer Thomas , Strassmeier Klaus G.
Published: February 2010

We have obtained high resolution, high S/N spectra of the RS CVn binary IM Peg using UVES spectrograph at Kueyen 8.2m telescope of ESO VLT. We use Doppler imaging techniques to obtain stellar surface temperature maps from the UVES data. The TempMap code allows us to use surface differential rotation as an input parameter and thus to try to construct the rotation pattern on the stellar surface as part of the inversion process. The UVES observations are combined with spectroscopic observations from another time period obtained at the STELLA observatory. We obtain stellar surface temperature maps also from these spectra. These Doppler images are used to study the magnetic activity and surface differential rotation on IM Peg.
The influence of spicules in the solar radius at multiple radio wavelengths
Authors: Selhorst Caius L. , Silva-Válio Adriana , Martins Priscila A. , Seriacopi Daiane B. , Kaufmann Pierre , Levato Hugo
Published: February 2010

In this work, we analyze observations of the solar radius at 22 and 43 GHz obtained with the 13.7 m antenna of the Itapetinga Radio Observatory (Atibaia, Brazil) and at submillimeter-wave frequencies, 212 and 405 GHz, obtained by the Solar Submillimeter-wave Telescope (SST) (El Leoncito, San Juan, Argentina). The radius is defined as the limb position where the intensity is equal to half of the quiet Sun value. These measured radii are then compared with those predicted by a model of the solar atmosphere proposed by Selhorst, Silva, and Costa (2005). The results show that at 22 and 43 GHz, the emission comes from regions high in the chromosphere. Furthermore, the Itapetinga observations yield radii of 985” ± 5” and 981” ± 6”, at 22 and 43 GHz respectively, consistent with the theoretical positions in the atmosphere. On other hand, the submillimeter observations resulted in a mean radius of 972” ± 3” and 975” ± 5” at 212 and 405 GHz, respectively, considered equal within the uncertainties. The latter results can be explained by the origin of the emission being very close to the region of minimum temperature, between the photosphere and chromosphere. This is a dynamic region largely affected by many solar features, like spicules and plages.
Thermospheric temperature and density variations
Authors: Fujiwara Hitoshi , Miyoshi Yasunobu , Jin Hidekatsu , Shinagawa Hiroyuki , Otsuka Yuichi , Saito Akinori , Ishii Mamoru
Published: February 2010

The thermosphere is the transition region from the atmosphere to space. Both the solar ultraviolet radiation and the solar wind energy inputs have caused significant thermospheric variations from past to present. In order to understand thermospheric/ionospheric disturbances in association with changes in solar activity, observational and modelling efforts have been made by many researchers. Recent satellite observations, e.g., the satellite CHAMP, have revealed mass density variations in the upper thermosphere. The thermospheric temperature, wind, and composition variations have been also investigated with general/global circulation models (GCMs) which include forcings due to the solar wind energy inputs and the lower atmospheric effects. In particular, we have developed a GCM which covers all the atmospheric regions, troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere, to describe variations of the thermospheric temperature and density caused by both effects from the lower atmosphere and the magnetosphere. GCM simulations represent global and localized temperature and density structures, which vary from hour to hour, depending on forcings due to the lower atmosphere, solar and geomagnetic activities. This modelling attempt will enable us to describe the thermospheric weather influenced by solar activity in cooperation with ground-based and satellite observations.
The CME link to geomagnetic storms
Authors: Gopalswamy Nat
Published: February 2010

The coronal mass ejection (CME) link to geomagnetic storms stems from the southward component of the interplanetary magnetic field contained in the CME flux ropes and in the sheath between the flux rope and the CME-driven shock. A typical storm-causing CME is characterized by (i) high speed, (ii) large angular width (mostly halos and partial halos), and (iii) solar source location close to the central meridian. For CMEs originating at larger central meridian distances, the storms are mainly caused by the sheath field. Both the magnetic and energy contents of the storm-producing CMEs can be traced to the magnetic structure of active regions and the free energy stored in them.
Rapid solar wind and geomagnetic variability during the ascendant phases of the 11-yr solar cycles
Authors: Maris G. , Maris O.
Published: February 2010

Solar activity and its consequences for the interplanetary space are governing and perturbing the Earth's magnetosphere. The response of the terrestrial magnetosphere displayed as geomagnetic disturbances is measured by several geomagnetic indices. This paper analyses the geomagnetic variability during the ascendant phases of the last four solar cycles (nos. 20-23) under the influence of the high speed solar wind. The ascendant phase of a solar cycle is a proper interval of the irrespective cycle during which the influences of the solar cycles adjacent to it (the precedent and the following ones) are not present. The correlation between the geomagnetic indices and the high speed stream intensity during the analysed intervals was examined. Lomb-Scargle method of spectral analysis was applied on the solar wind velocity series during the ascendant phases.
Stellar activity and magnetic shielding
Authors: Grießmeier J.-M. , Khodachenko M. , Lammer H. , Grenfell J. L. , Stadelmann A. , Motschmann U.
Published: February 2010

Stellar activity has a particularly strong influence on planets at small orbital distances, such as close-in exoplanets. For such planets, we present two extreme cases of stellar variability, namely stellar coronal mass ejections and stellar wind, which both result in the planetary environment being variable on a timescale of billions of years. For both cases, direct interaction of the streaming plasma with the planetary atmosphere would entail servere consequences. In certain cases, however, the planetary atmosphere can be effectively shielded by a strong planetary magnetic field. The efficiency of this shielding is determined by the planetary magnetic dipole moment, which is difficult to constrain by either models or observations. We present different factors which influence the strength of the planetary magnetic dipole moment. Implications are discussed, including nonthermal atmospheric loss, atmospheric biomarkers, and planetary habitability.
Detailed characterization of stellar high energy (FUV/EUV/X-ray) radiation fields during protoplanetary system formation
Authors: Brown Alexander
Published: February 2010

Young stars undergoing the conversion of pre-main-sequence circumstellar disks into protoplanetary systems are strong sources of high energy (FUV/EUV/X-ray) radiation that controls the physical and chemical processes in their circumstellar environment out to hundreds of AU from the star. The high energy radiation resulting from magnetic activity and accretion onto the central star controls the thermal structure of disks, the formation process of planetesimals, and the photoexcitation and photoionization of protoplanets and young planetary atmospheres. Modeling of the dust and gas evolution requires an accurate understanding of the local radiation field throughout the ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray spectral regions, even those parts of the spectrum that are impossible to observe from Earth.

Our current research efforts are directed towards developing a better understanding of UV (using HST and FUSE) and X-ray (using Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Swift) stellar activity and the resulting radiation fields during pre-main-sequence evolution from ages of a few to several hundred million years. These studies include extensive UV and X-ray spectral sampling of individual stars in nearby star formation regions and the various moving groups of the Local Association, including our HST Cycle 17 Large Project (GO-11616), which is using 111 HST orbits to observe 32 T Tauri stars with the COS UV spectrograph. Most young stars are well over 100 pc from the Sun and are consequently hard to observe in the UV and X-ray regions at even moderate spectral resolution. However, members of the Local Association, whose ages range from 7 Myr to a few hundred Myr, surround the Sun at distances of 50 pc or less and permit the detailed study of the later stages of the early evolution of stellar activity when gas giant and terrestrial protoplanets are forming. We illustrate our methodology using the 12 Myr old early-M dwarf AU Mic, which possesses a striking dust debris disk, as an example.
Biological damage due to photospheric, chromospheric and flare radiation in the environments of main-sequence stars
Authors: Cuntz Manfred , Guinan Edward F. , Kurucz Robert L.
Published: February 2010

We explore the biological damage initiated in the environments of F, G, K, and M-type main-sequence stars due to photospheric, chromospheric and flare radiation. The amount of chromospheric radiation is, in a statistical sense, directly coupled to the stellar age as well as the presence of significant stellar magnetic fields and dynamo activity. With respect to photospheric radiation, we also consider detailed synthetic models, taking into account millions or hundred of millions of lines for atoms and molecules. Chromospheric UV radiation is increased in young stars in regard to all stellar spectral types. Flare activity is most pronounced in K and M-type stars, which also has the potential of stripping the planetary atmospheres of close-in planets, including planets located in the stellar habitable zone. For our studies, we take DNA as a proxy for carbon-based macromolecules, guided by the paradigm that carbon might constitute the biochemical centerpiece of extraterrestrial life forms. Planetary atmospheric attenuation is considered in an approximate manner.
Synchronous manifestation of 160-min pulsations of the ground pressure and Z-component of geomagnetic field at Moscow, Apatity, Oulu, Yakutsk and Tixie
Authors: Timofeev V. Ye. , Baishev D. G. , Miroshnichenko L. I. , Samsonov S. N. , Skryabin N. G.
Published: February 2010

Oscillations of the ground pressure and Z-component of geomagnetic field with a period of 160-min in December 2003 and March 2004 have been studied by regular measurements carried out over the territory of Europe and Siberia. As the analysis has shown, in December 2003 these specific oscillations are manifested synchronously from Europe up to Siberia, preferentially in the form of ‘packages’ (‘quanta’) consisting of two-five pulses. Their average amplitudes in December 2003 are of 0.0115±0.0023 mb in the ground pressure and of 0.323±0.070 nT in the Z-component. We suppose that the 160-min pulsations in those both terrestrial parameters represent the effect of a gravitational wave of the same period coming from the Galaxy center.
Surveying RFI for a new Brazilian Solar Spectroscope site
Authors: Cecatto José R. , Albuquerque Paulo C. G. , Vila Ivan O. G. , Cassiano Alan B. , Strauss César , Fernandes Francisco C. R.
Published: February 2010

Brazilian Solar Spectroscope (BSS) carry out high time (0.01–0.1 s) resolution solar spectral investigations within the frequency range 1–2.5 GHz on a daily basis. At the moment, a new site is imposed to this facility. This site change became necessary due to both factors: the growing level of radio frequency interference (RFI) signals at actual site and requirements of rising up a new building at the BSS antenna location. We present results of RFI signals search at INPE-Cachoeira Paulista area as purpose to define a new BSS site.
The Indian National Large Solar Telescope (NLST)
Authors: Hasan S. S.
Published: February 2010

The Indian National Large Solar Telescope (NLST) will be a state-of-the-art 2-m class telescope for carrying out high resolution studies of the solar atmosphere. Sites in the Himalayan region at altitudes greater than 4000-m that have extremely low water vapor content and are unaffected by monsoons are under evaluation. This project is led by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics and has national and international partners.

NLST is an on-axis alt-azimuth Gregorian multi-purpose open telescope with the provision of carrying out night time stellar observations using a spectrograph. The telescope utilizes an innovative design with low number of reflections to achieve a high throughput and low instrumental polarization. High order adaptive optics is integrated into the design that works with a modest Fried's parameter of 7-cm to give diffraction limited performance. The telescope will be equipped with a suite of post-focus instruments including a high resolution spectrograph and a polarimeter. A detailed concept design of the telescope is presently being finalized and fabrication is expected to begin in 2010 with first light in 2014.
A BISIMULATION CHARACTERIZATION THEOREM FOR HYBRID LOGIC WITH THE CURRENT-STATE BINDER
Authors: HODKINSON IAN , TAHIRI HICHAM
Published: February 2010

We prove that every first-order formula that is invariant under quasi-injective bisimulations is equivalent to a formula of the hybrid logic . Our proof uses a variation of the usual unravelling technique. We also briefly survey related results, and show in a standard way that it is undecidable whether a first-order formula is invariant under quasi-injective bisimulations.
THE LOGIC OF PARTITIONS: INTRODUCTION TO THE DUAL OF THE LOGIC OF SUBSETS
Authors: ELLERMAN DAVID
Published: February 2010

Modern categorical logic as well as the Kripke and topological models of intuitionistic logic suggest that the interpretation of ordinary “propositional” logic should in general be the logic of subsets of a given universe set. Partitions on a set are dual to subsets of a set in the sense of the category-theoretic duality of epimorphisms and monomorphisms—which is reflected in the duality between quotient objects and subobjects throughout algebra. If “propositional” logic is thus seen as the logic of subsets of a universe set, then the question naturally arises of a dual logic of partitions on a universe set. This paper is an introduction to that logic of partitions dual to classical subset logic. The paper goes from basic concepts up through the correctness and completeness theorems for a tableau system of partition logic.
Aortic aneurysms after correction of aortic coarctation: A systematic review
Authors: von Kodolitsch  , Aydin  , Bernhardt  , Habermann  , Treede  , Reichenspurner  , Meinertz  , Dodge-Khatami
Published: February 2010

Despite advanced techniques for surgical or percutaneous therapy coarctation of the aorta continues to carry a high risk of aneurysmal formation. Mortality of these aneurysms ranges between <1 and >90%, reflecting remarkable differences in surgical strategies and the follow-up management of coarctation. We review the frequency, anatomical types, risk factors and mechanisms of aortic aneurysm forming late after surgical or percutaneous therapy of aortic coarctation. We emphasize that aneurysms do not form exclusively at the site of previous intervention, but also at remote locations such as the ascending aorta. Moreover, aneurysm formation may only in part be attributed to a specific technique of coarctation therapy, and we emphasize the role of a bicuspid aortic valve and inherent weakness of the aortic wall as significant risk factors for aneurysm after aortic coarctation. We report the presenting symptoms, follow-up protocols, and imaging criteria for local and proximal aneurysms. Finally, we discuss criteria for prophylactic intervention at the site of such aneurysms, and present therapeutic options for different types of aneurysms. With this systematic review, we wish to provide data for establishing more uniform strategies for preventing, diagnosing and treating aneurysms associated with aortic coarctation.
Truncular vascular malformations in a varicose vein surgery patient cohort
Authors: Mouton  , Klippert  , Wenning  , Naef  , Wagner
Published: February 2010

Background: To determine the incidence and significance of vascular malformations in a varicose vein surgery patient cohort in a prospective cohort study. Patients and methods: During a ten year time span we prospectively searched for patients with vascular malformations within a varicose vein surgery cohort. All patients underwent colour duplex sonography and surgery for symptomatic chronic venous disease or chronic venous insufficiency corresponding to clinical classes C2 to C6 according to CEAP. Results: Five out of 1488 patients had truncular vascular malformations. One patient had an arterio-venous malformation in the groin. Venous malformations were found in three marginal veins and one bone perforating vein. Two of these five patients had a mitral valve prolapse syndrome, one a persistent foramen ovale, one had a bone cyst in a finger and one ectromelia of the hands and feet, respectively. No complications occurred following surgical treatment of these five malformations. Conclusions: Truncular arterio-venous and venous malformations in a varicose vein surgery patient cohort are rare. In our cohort the hemodynamic impact of the vascular malformations was low, the surgical treatment combined with varicose vein surgery resulted in technical and clinical success.
In situ saphenous vein bypass grafting - still first line treatment? A prospective study comparing surgical results between diabetic and non-diabetic populations
Authors: Fransson  , Thörne
Published: February 2010

Background: This prospective study compares results of infrainguinal revascularisation with autologous vein in diabetic and non-diabetic populations. Patients and methods: 101 patients (diabetics (A) n = 50 and non-diabetics (B) n = 51) were operated upon with an in situ saphenous vein bypass to the popliteal artery below knee or to crural arteries, due to critical ischemia. Data on operative details, morbidity, mortality, secondary interventions and graft patency, were collected prospectively. All patients were followed up for 5 years. Results: The two groups were similar except that diabetics more often suffered from gangrene or tissue loss. The distal anastomoses were constructed significantly more distally in diabetics. There were no differences in perioperative bleeding, length of operation, hospital stay or 30 d mortality. The 5 year patency did not differ significantly between groups, A 68 % vs. B 72 %. The limb salvage was equal in both groups, 86 % after 5 years. Mortality during follow up was significantly higher among diabetics, at two years A 31 % vs. B 14 %. Conclusions: Distal revascularisation with in situ technique is a durable procedure that can be performed with very good results in both diabetics and non-diabetics. The survival among diabetics is however significantly lower, although reaching 69 % at two years.
Long-term outcome of successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the fibular artery in diabetic foot syndrome and single-vessel calf perfusion depends on doppler wave pattern at the forefoot
Authors: Hering  , Angelkort  , Keck  , Wilde  , Amann
Published: February 2010

Background: In the diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) due to peripheral artery disease, the fibular artery is often the only vessel which can be revascularised. Because the fibular artery does not have a direct connection to the plantar arch, the clinical result of fibular artery PTA is dependent upon the extent of collateralization at the ankle. Therefore, successful PTA of the fibular artery with resulting biphasic doppler waves at the ankle can lead to either biphasic or monophasic post-occlusive doppler wave patterns at the forefoot. We evaluated prospectively the association of the forefoot doppler wave form on long-term clinical outcome in patients with DFS after successful PTA of the fibular artery. Patients and methods: 44 patients with occluded calf vessels and DFS Wagner 2-4 underwent primary successful fibular artery PTA resulting in biphasic ankle doppler wave. According to doppler wave form at the forefoot, patients were divided into 1) a biphasic or 2) a monophasic group. Up to 45 months, we documented doppler wave forms, clinical course, restenosis, reinterventions, wound healing, major- and minor amputations. Results: PTA resulted in a biphasic doppler wave at the forefoot in 26 (59 %), in 18 (41 %) in a monophasic wave pattern. Biphasic forefoot doppler wave was strongly correlated with longer event-free survival (35 bi- vs. 5.5 months monophasic, p = 0.0018) and complete wound healing (69 % s bi- vs. 44 % vs. monophasic p = 0.0309). Major amputations: 2 / 26 (8 %) in the biphasic and in 3 / 18 (17 %) in the monophasic group. Second revascularisation procedures were more often necessary in the monophasic group (7 / 18 (39 % vs. 2 / 26 (8 %)). Conclusion: After successful PTA of the fibular artery, monophasic doppler wave patterns at the forefoot denote insufficient collateralization and are associated with poor outcome. If successful fibular artery PTA results only in monophasic forefoot doppler, additional crural or pedal bypass should be strongly contemplated.
Time-resolved, contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography in the subclavian steal effect
Authors: Schubert
Published: February 2010

The subclavian steal effect indicates atherosclerotic disease of the supraaortic vessels but rarely causes cerebrovascular events in itself. Noninvasive imaging providing detailed anatomic as well as hemodynamic information would therefore be desirable. From a group of 25 consecutive patients referred for MR angiography, four with absent or highly attenuated signal in one of the vertebral arteries on 3D multislab time-of-flight MR angiography were selected to undergo 3D time-resolved contrast-enhanced MR angiography. The time-resolved 3D contrast series (source images and MIPs) were evaluated visually and by graphic analysis of time-intensity curves derived from the respective V1 and V3 segments of both vertebral arteries on the source images. In two cases with high-grade proximal left subclavian stenosis, time-resolved 3D ce-MRA was able to visualise retrograde contrast filling of the left VA. There was a marked delay in time-to-peak between the left and right V1 segments in one case and a shallower slope of enhancement in another. In the other two cases, there was complete or collateralised segmental occlusion of the VAs.
Persistent endoleak after endovascular exclusion of an aortocaval fistula, producing renal insufficiency
Authors: Sfyroeras  , Moulakakis  , Bessias  , Maras  , Tsanis  , Georgakis  , Andrikopoulos
Published: February 2010

This report presents a case of type II endoleak after endovascular exclusion of a primary aortocaval fistula, producing renal vein hypertension and renal insufficiency. A 74-year-old patient presented with acute renal insufficiency, hematuria, lower limb edema, and weight gain. The abdominal CT scan revealed an abdominal aortic aneurysm and an aortocaval fistula. An endograft was deployed but type II endoleak was present and persisted after surgical ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery and subsequent unsuccessful attempt of coil-embolization. The patients renal function continued to be impaired. Surgical ligation of aortocaval communication with preservation of the endograft was performed, resulting in restored renal function.
Experimentelle Psychopathologie
Authors: Schneider Silvia
Published: February 2010

Die Geburt der modernen Psychologie ist eng mit der systematischen Anwendung der experimentellen Methodik verknüpft. Das Experiment als Königsweg für die Erforschung der Ursachen psychischer Störungen und der Faktoren, die für die erfolgreiche Behandlung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen notwendig sind, kommt jedoch vergleichsweise selten zur Anwendung. An zwei Beispielen wird exemplarisch der Erkenntnisgewinn durch experimentelle bzw. quasi-experimentelle Forschungsmethodik dargestellt.
Wie Babys vom Gesichtsausdruck der Mutter lernen
Authors: Bolten Margarete , Schneider Silvia
Published: February 2010

Ätiologiemodelle zur Entstehung von Angststörungen messen neben genetischen Faktoren Umwelterfahrungen eine besondere Bedeutung bei. Anhand eines Messwiederholungsdesigns wurde geprüft, ob die mütterliche Stimmung, die durch Videoausschnitte mit beängstigenden oder neutralem Charakter experimentell manipuliert wurde, das Verhalten des Kindes (8 – 13 Monate) in einer für das Kind ambivalenten Situation, der visuellen Klippe, beeinflusst. Es wurden 25 Mutter-Kind-Paare in die Studie einbezogen. Eine Regressionsanalyse zeigte, dass das Temperament des Kindes und habituelle Depression der Mutter signifikante Prädiktoren für das Verhalten des Kleinkindes in der visuellen Klippe waren. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich tendenziell die akute negative Befindlichkeit der Mutter als Prädiktor. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf die Bedeutung mütterlicher Befindlichkeit und Temperamentsmerkmalen für das Verhalten von Kleinkindern in ambivalenten und unvertrauten Situationen hin.
Experimentelle Augenbewegungsmessungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Heinrichs Nina , Reinhold Nadine
Published: February 2010

Augenbewegungen ermöglichen die direkte und dynamische Erfassung der Aufmerksamkeit. Sie erlauben damit die Untersuchung kognitiver und neuropsychologischer Prozesse. In dieser Studie werden zunächst die Vorteile von Augenbewegungsmessungen bei Kindern dargestellt, eine Zusammenfassung bisheriger Eyetracking-Studien im Kindesalter folgt. Schließlich stellen wir die Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie mit 17 Kindern dar, von denen die Hälfte soziale Ängste hat. Es zeigte sich in Übereinstimmung mit der bisherigen Literatur, dass alle Kinder sich zunächst auf stark negative soziale Reize mit einer Vigilanzreaktion orientieren, die wenig sozial ängstlichen Kinder dann allerdings im weiteren Verlauf ihre Aufmerksamkeit an den Reiz anpassten, während die hoch sozial ängstlichen Kinder nach einer kurzen Vermeidung eine erneute Vigilanz aufbauten. Die Ergebnisse von Studien mit Augenbewegungsmessungen können klinische Interventionen weiterentwickeln, indem sie wertvolle Hinweise auf Wahrnehmungs- und Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse geben und so auf Komponenten hinweisen können, die in eine Psychotherapie von Kindern integriert werden sollten.
Der Einfluss des Ernährungswissens auf Nahrungsmittelpräferenzen bei Kindern
Authors: Hartmann Andrea Sabrina , Michael Tanja , Munsch Simone
Published: February 2010

Adipöse Kinder zeigen stärkere Präferenzen für und einen größeren Konsum fetthaltiger Nahrungsmittel. Die aktuelle Studie untersucht, ob Ernährungswissen die Präferenz für Nahrungsmittel beeinflusst. 59 Kinder nahmen an der experimentellen Untersuchung teil, in der Comicfiguren als konditionierte Reize und Nahrungsmittelbilder als unkonditionierte Reize dienten. Relative Präferenzen für die Comicfiguren wurden vor und nach gepaarter Präsentation und das Ernährungswissen mittels Fragebogen erfasst. Das Ernährungswissen scheint die Veränderung der Präferenzen zu beeinflussen. Vor allem die Veränderung der Präferenz für die mit dem fettarmen Nahrungsmittel gepaarte Comicfigur kann dadurch vorhergesagt werden. Ernährungswissen scheint die Attraktivität des fettarmen Nahrungsmittels zu steigern und somit Präferenz für das Nahrungsmittel zu beeinflussen. Es ist daher von Relevanz, dass in Interventionen bei kindlicher Adipositas über gesunde Ernährung aufgeklärt wird. Zukünftige Forschung soll weitere potentielle Einflussvariablen untersuchen.
Kinder mit Migräne und Asthma: Zur Rolle der Eltern-Kind-Interaktion
Authors: Siniatchkin Michael , Darabaneanu Stephanie , Gerber-von Müller Gabriele , Niederberger Uwe , Petermann Franz , Schulte Ilva E. , Gerber Wolf-Dieter
Published: February 2010

Die Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob für Familien, in denen ein Kind an Migräne oder Asthma leidet, ein spezifisches Eltern-Kind-Interaktionsmuster vorliegt. An der Studie nahmen 20 Familien mit Migräne-Kindern, 17 Familien mit asthmakranken Kindern und 20 Familien mit gesunden Kindern teil. Die Eltern-Kind-Interaktionen wurden standardisiert in Form einer gemeinsamen Bearbeitung eines Puzzles unter Zeitdruck, jeweils getrennt für die Paarungen Mutter/Kind sowie Vater/Kind auf Video aufgezeichnet und von neutralen Ratern nach vorgegebenen Kriterien ausgewertet. Bei allen Kindern wurden zudem langsame Hirnpotentiale (Contingente Negative Variation, CNV) abgeleitet. Es wurden asymmetrische, krankheitsspezifische Familieninteraktionen gefunden. Im Vergleich zu dem gesunden Geschwisterkind war die Kommunikation zwischen den Eltern und dem an Migräne leidenden Kind durch vermehrt direktive Aufforderungen und einem geringeren Hilfeangebot der Eltern sowie durch submissives kindliches Verhalten geprägt. In Familien mit Asthma zeigte sich eine konflikthafte Familieninteraktion und eine geringe Kooperation bei den betroffenen Kindern. Die auffällige familiäre Interaktion korrelierte mit dem Ausmaß der kortikalen Informationsverarbeitung (Dishabituation). Die Befunde verdeutlichen die besondere Bedeutung von systematischen Elterntrainings bei der Behandlung von Migräne und Asthma im Kindes- und Jugendalter.