bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Retorno al pasado? Comercio o difusión en los análisis de los Sistemas Mundiales Antiguos
Authors: Mederos Martín Alfredo
Published: February 2012

Desde fines de los años ochenta un número creciente de aproximaciones al comercio en el Mediterráneo durante la Prehistoria Reciente está enfatizando la presencia de Sistemas Mundiales Antiguos lo cual podría interpretarse como una vuelta al difusionismo. Se señala el contexto sociopolítico europeo y los nuevos estudios de procedencia de los productos como la razón de su popularidad, sus bases teóricas en el materialismo de enfoque circulacionista junto a los peligros y beneficios de dichos enfoques.
El estudio de la Prehistoria del Viejo Mundo en los Estados Unidos de América
Authors: Straus Lawrence G.
Published: February 2012

La enseñanza y el estudio de la Prehistoria del Viejo Mundo están difundidos en los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, la verdadera investigación (especialmente la excavación) está mucho más restringida en las numerosas instituciones que tienen supuestos especialistas en algunos aspectos de este campo académico. Hay bastante interés principalmente por el Paleolítico/ Mesolítico de Europa y de África, generalmente asociado con una perspectiva paleoantropológica. Hay también numerosos investigadores norteamericanos ocupados en el estudio de la Prehistoria final/Protohistoria del Oriente Medio y Europa, con menos especialistas en el Neolítico per se. Este artículo expone muy brevemente la formación, financiación, organización, publicación y enfoques teóricos de la arqueología prehistórica en los EE. UU. Subraya las razones por las cuales los investigadores norteamericanos se acercan al estudio del registro del Viejo Mundo desde unos puntos de vista diferentes pero sin embargo complementarios a los de sus colegas europeos, africanos y asiáticos. Espera que exista todavía un lugar para la investigación cooperativa que incluya a los norteamericanos en asociación plena con sus pares del Viejo Mundo en este mundo post-colonial y de la post-Guerra Fría.
Análisis bibliométrico de las revistas españolas de Prehistoria y Arqueología en los últimos diez años
Authors: Rodríguez Alcalde Angel L. , Sánchez Nistal Jose María , Martínez Navarrete María Isabel , San Millán Bujanda María Jesús
Published: February 2012

El artículo da cuenta de ciertos aspectos de la actividad científica en Prehistoria y Arqueología a través del análisis de citas desde revistas españolas entre otros factores. Plantea las dificultades derivadas del incumplimiento sistemático de la periodicidad y la notable falta de normalización en la recogida de referencias bibliográficas por parte de las revistas, lo que dificulta la participación de las publicaciones españolas en los circuitos internacionales de citas y contribuye al ostracismo de la producción científica española. Se ofrecen datos sobre coautoría, temática y lengua. Se analiza la importancia del territorio advirtiendo que entre las revistas citadas la intensidad de citas decrece con la distancia a la región de publicación. Asimismo, se valora el interés de los análisis de citas como criterio metodológico en la evaluación de las publicaciones periódicas. Se concluye que el localismo provocado por la orientación descriptiva de la investigación tiene dos graves riesgos: 1) la compartimentación de la comunidad científica en grupos desconectados y 2) una conceptualización actualista del pasado.
Hornos de reducción de cobre y bronce en la Pre y Protohistoria de la Península Ibérica
Authors: Gómez Ramos Pablo
Published: February 2012

En este trabajo se presentan las características principales de los hornos de reducción de minerales de cobre y estaño, cotejadas por vez primera con el estudio analítico de restos metalúrgicos hallados en la Península Ibérica desde el Calcolítico hasta la romanización. Tras la crítica bibliográfica y el análisis empírico llevados a cabo se establece como aportación que la vasija- horno fue el método más comúnmente empleado a lo largo de la Pre y Protohistoria peninsular tanto para la producción de cobre como de bronce.
Importaciones áticas del siglo V a.C. del Cerro del Prado (Algeciras, Cádiz)
Authors: Cabrera Paloma , Perdigones Lorenzo
Published: February 2012

Presentamos en este trabajo un conjunto de importaciones áticas halladas en las excavaciones del Cerro del Prado, situado en la bahía de Algeciras (Cádiz). El interés de este conjunto reside en su pertenencia a un momento cronológico muy concreto: el último tercio del siglo V a.C., no habiéndose hallado importaciones más modernas y en la presencia absoluta de vasos de barniz negro, lo que nos habla de una demanda muy determinada de la sociedad púnica peninsular frente al comercio de productos griegos.
El ajuar de la cámara funeraria ibérica de Toya (Peal de Becerro, Jaén)
Authors: Madrigal Antonio
Published: February 2012

La cámara funeraria de Toya (Jaén) fué encontrada a principios de siglo, y sus materiales se dispersaron en diversas colecciones. Se presenta aquí por primera vez la reconstrucción y estudio del ajuar completo de esta importante tumba ibérica.
Cambio de rumbo. Interacción comercial entre el Bronce Final atlántico ibérico y micénico en el Mediterráneo Central (1425-1050 a.C.)
Authors: Mederos Martín Alfredo
Published: February 2012

El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una nueva interpretación sobre los intercambios comerciales durante el Bronce Final IC-IIC, ca. 1425-1050 AC, entre el Mediterráneo Occidental y Central, a partir de una revisión de dos tipos de artefactos metálicos, hachas y espadas, procedentes de la Península Ibérica, y presentes en Cerdeña, Sicilia y el Lazio en la Península Italiana. Se parte de tres premisas; la primera, la cronología calibrada del Bronce Final en la Península Ibérica, Cerdeña y Sicilia-Eolias. En segundo lugar, un encuadre temporal más preciso de los artefactos ibéricos presentes en los yacimientos y depósitos italianos. Y finalmente, el análisis de la confluencia del comercio atlántico y micénico en el Mediterráneo Central, particularmente durante el Bronce Final IC-IIA/ Heládico Final IIIA-IIIB, ca. 1425-1225 AC, para poner en evidencia que la presencia de cerámicas micénicas en Andalucía no puede tratarse de un fenómeno aislado, sino que se integra dentro de la interrelación comercial que existió entre el Mediterráneo Occidental y Oriental alrededor de las islas de Cerdeña y Sicilia del Mediterráneo Central.
High-speed tunable photonic crystal fiber-based femtosecond soliton source without dispersion pre-compensation
Authors: Caldarola Martín , Bettachini Víctor A. , Rieznik Andrés A. , Konig Pablo G. , Masip Martín E. , Grosz Diego F. , Bragas Andrea V.
Published: February 2012

We present a high-speed wavelength tunable photonic crystal fiber-based source capable of generating tunable femtosecond solitons in the infrared region. Through measurements and numerical simulation, we show that both the pulsewidth and the spectral width of the output pulses remain nearly constant over the entire tuning range from 860 to 1160 nm. This remarkable behavior is observed even when pump pulses are heavily chirped (7400 fs^2), which allows to avoid bulky compensation optics, or the use of another fiber, for dispersion compensation usually required by the tuning device. Received: 7 July 2011,  Accepted: 1 February 2012; Edited by: A. Goñi; Reviewed by: J. Chavez Boggio, Leibniz Institut f\ur Astrophysik Potsdam, Germany;  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.040001Cite as: M. Caldarola, V. A. Bettachini, A. A. Rieznik, P. G. Konig, M. E. Masip, D. F. Grosz, A. V. Bragas, Papers in Physics 4, 040001 (2012)
Risk-Adjusting the Doughnut Hole to Improve Efficiency and Equity
Authors: van Kleef Richard C. , van de Ven Wynand P. M. M. , van Vliet Rene C. J. A.
Published: February 2012

An important goal of consumer cost-sharing in health insurance is to increase incentives for cost containment. A relatively new cost-sharing phenomenon is the “doughnut hole”: a gap in coverage starting at a predefined level of medical expenses. An important question is where to locate the starting point to achieve the strongest incentives for cost containment. We argue that the answer depends on an individual's health status. Using data from a Dutch insurer, this paper illustrates that using a risk-adjusted starting point results in both stronger incentives for cost containment and more equity than a uniform starting point.
Revised identification of tropical oceanic cumulus congestus as viewed by CloudSat
Authors: Casey S. P. F. , Fetzer E. J. , Kahn B. H.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Congestus cloud convective features are examined in one year of tropical oceanic cloud observations from the CloudSat/CALIPSO instruments. Two types of convective clouds (cumulus and deep convective, based on classification profiles from radar), and associated differences in radar reflectivity and radar/lidar cloud-top height are considered. Congestus convective features are defined as contiguous convective clouds with heights between 3 and 9 km. Three criteria were used in previous studies to identify congestus: (1) CloudSat and CALIPSO cloud-top heights less than 1 km apart; (2) CloudSat 0 dBZ echo-top height less than 1 km from CloudSat cloud-top height, and (3) CloudSat 10 dBZ echo-top height less than 2 km from CloudSat cloud-top height. A majority of congestus convective features satisfy the second and third requirements. However, over 40% of convective features identified had no associated CALIPSO cloud-top height, predominantly due to the extinguishment of the lidar beam above the CloudSat-reported convective cloud. For the remaining cells, approximately 56% of these satisfy all three requirements; when considering the lidar beam-extinction issue, only 31% of congestus convective features are identified using these criteria. This implies that while previous methods used to identify congestus clouds may be accurate in finding vigorous convection (such as transient congestus rising toward the tropopause), these criteria may miss almost 70% of the total observed congestus convective features, suggesting a more general approach should be used to describe congestus and its surrounding environment.
Volatilizable Biogenic Organic Compounds (VBOCs) with two dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS): sampling methods, VBOC complexity, and chromatographic retention data
Authors: Pankow J. F. , Luo W. , Melnychenko A. N. , Barsanti K. C. , Isabelle L. M. , Chen C. , Guenther A. B. , Rosenstiel T. N.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Two dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) with detection by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) was applied in the rapid analysis of air samples containing highly complex mixtures of volatilizable biogenic organic compounds (VBOCs). VBOC analytical methodologies are briefly reviewed, and optimal conditions are discussed for sampling with both adsorption/thermal desorption (ATD) cartridges and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. Air samples containing VBOC emissions from leaves of two tree species (Cedrus atlantica and Calycolpus moritzianus) were obtained by both ATD and SPME. The optimized gas chromatographic conditions utilized a 45 m, 0.25 mm I.D. low-polarity primary column (DB-VRX, 1.4 μm film) and a 1.5 m, 0.25 mm I.D. polar secondary column (StabilwaxTM, 0.25 μm film). Excellent separation was achieved in a 36 min temperature programmed GC × GC chromatogram. Thousands of VBOC peaks were present in the sample chromatograms; hundreds of tentative identifications by NIST mass spectral matching are provided. Very few of the tentatively identified compounds are currently available as authentic standards. Minimum detection limit values for a 5 l ATD sample were 3.5 pptv (10 ng m−3) for isoprene, methyl vinyl ketone, and methacrolein, and ~1.5 pptv (~10 ng m−3) for monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Kovats-type chromatographic retention index values on the primary column and relative retention time values on the secondary column are provided for 21 standard compounds and for 417 tentatively identified VBOCs. 19 of the 21 authentic standard compounds were found in one of the Cedrus atlantica SPME samples. In addition, easily quantifiable levels of at least 13 sesquiterpenes were found in an ATD sample obtained from a branch enclosure of Calycolpus moritzianus. Overall, the results obtained via GC × GC-TOFMS highlight an extreme, and largely uncharacterized diversity of VBOCs, consistent with the hypothesis that sesquiterpenes and other compounds beyond the current list of typically determined VBOC analytes may well be important contributors to global atmospheric levels of organic particulate matter.
Areal-averaged trace gas emission rates from long-range open-path measurements in stable boundary layer conditions
Authors: Schäfer K. , Grant R. H. , Emeis S. , Raabe A. , von der Heide C. , Schmid H. P.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Measurements of land-surface emission rates of greenhouse and other gases at large spatial scales (10 000 m2) are needed to assess the spatial distribution of emissions. This can be more readily done using spatial-integrating micro-meteorological methods than the widely-utilized small chamber measurements. Several micro-meteorological flux-gradient methods utilizing a non-intrusive path-averaging measurement method were evaluated for determining land-surface emission rates of trace gases under stable boundary layers. Successful application of a flux-gradient method requires confidence in the gradients of trace gas concentration and wind and in the applicability of boundary-layer turbulence theory. While there is relatively high confidence in flux measurements made under unstable atmospheres with mean winds greater than 1 m s−1, there is greater uncertainty in flux measurements made under free convective or stable conditions. The study involved quality-assured determinations of fluxes under low wind, stable or night-time atmospheric conditions when the continuous "steady-state" turbulence of the surface boundary layer breaks down and the layer has intermittent turbulence. Results indicate that the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) flux-gradient methods that assume a log-linear profile of the wind speed and concentration gradient incorrectly determine vertical profiles and thus fluxes in the stable boundary layer.
Characterization and airborne deployment of a new counterflow virtual impactor inlet
Authors: Shingler T. , Dey S. , Sorooshian A. , Brechtel F. J. , Wang Z. , Metcalf A. , Coggon M. , Mülmenstädt J. , Russell L. M. , Jonsson H. H. , Seinfeld J. H.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. A new counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) inlet is introduced with details of its design, laboratory characterization tests, and deployment on an aircraft during the 2011 Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment (E-PEACE). The CVI inlet addresses three key issues in previous designs; in particular, the inlet operates with: (i) negligible organic contamination; (ii) a significant sample flow rate to downstream instruments (~15 l min−1) that reduces the need for dilution; and (iii) a high level of accessibility to the probe interior for cleaning. Wind tunnel experiments characterized the cut size of sampled droplets and the particle size-dependent transmission efficiency in various parts of the probe. For a range of counter-flow rates and air velocities, the measured cut size was between 8.7–13.1 μm. The percentage error between cut size measurements and predictions from aerodynamic drag theory are less than 13%. The CVI was deployed on the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter for thirty flights during E-PEACE to study aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions off the central coast of California between July and August 2011. Results are reported to assess the performance of the inlet including comparisons of particle number concentration downstream of the CVI and cloud drop number concentration measured by two independent aircraft probes. Measurements downstream the CVI are also examined from one representative case flight coordinated with shipboard-emitted smoke that was intercepted in cloud by the Twin Otter.
Reduction of radiation biases by incorporating the missing cloud variability via downscaling techniques: a study using the 3-D MoCaRT model
Authors: Gimeno García S. , Trautmann T. , Venema V.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. To handle complexity to the smallest detail in atmospheric radiative transfer models is in practice unfeasible. On the one hand, the properties of the interacting medium, i.e. the atmosphere and the surface, are only available at a limited spatial resolution. On the other hand, the computational cost of accurate radiation models accounting for three-dimensional heterogeneous media are prohibitive for some applications, esp. for climate modeling and operational remote sensing algorithms. Hence, it is still common practice to use simplified models for atmospheric radiation applications. Three-dimensional radiation models can deal with much more complexity than the one-dimensional ones providing a more accurate solution of the radiative transfer. In turn, one-dimensional models introduce biases to the radiation results. With the help of stochastic models that consider the multi-fractal nature of clouds, it is possible to scale cloud properties given at a coarse spatial resolution down to a finer resolution. Performing the radiative transfer within the spatially fine-resolved cloud fields noticeably helps to improve the radiation results. In the framework of this paper, we aim at characterizing cloud heterogeneity effects on radiances and broadband flux densities, namely: the errors due to unresolved variability (the so-called plane parallel homogeneous, PPH, bias) and the errors due to the neglect of transversal photon displacements (independent pixel approximation, IPA, bias). First, we study the effect of the missing cloud variability on reflectivities. We will show that the generation of subscale variability by means of stochastic methods greatly reduce or nearly eliminate the reflectivity biases. Secondly, three-dimensional broadband flux densities in the presence of realistic inhomogeneous cloud fields sampled at fine spatial resolutions are calculated and compared to their one-dimensional counterparts at coarser resolutions.
Transient drawdown solution for a constant pumping test in finite two-zone confined aquifers
Authors: Wang C.-T. , Yeh H.-D. , Tsai C.-S.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. The drawdown solution has been widely used to analyze pumping test data for the determination of aquifer parameters when coupled with an optimization scheme. The solution can also be used to predict the drawdown due to pumping and design the dewatering system. The drawdown solution for flow toward a finite-radius well with a skin zone in a confined aquifer of infinite extent in radial direction had been developed before. To our best knowledge, the drawdown solution in confined aquifers of finite extent with a skin zone so far has never before been presented in the groundwater literature. This article presents a mathematical model for describing the drawdown distribution due to a constant-flux pumping from a finite-radius well with a skin zone in confined aquifers of finite extent. The analytical solution of the model is developed by applying the methods of Laplace transforms, Bromwich contour integral, and residue theorem. This solution can be used to investigate the effects of finite boundary and conductivity ratio on the drawdown distribution. In addition, the inverse relationship between Laplace- and time-domain variables is used to develop the large time solution which can reduce to the Thiem solution if there is no skin zone.
Investigating riparian groundwater flow close to a losing river using diurnal temperature oscillations at high vertical resolution
Authors: Vogt T. , Schirmer M. , Cirpka O. A.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. River-water infiltration is of high relevance for hyporheic and riparian groundwater ecology as well as for drinking water supply by river-bank filtration. Heat has become a popular natural tracer to estimate exchange rates between rivers and groundwater. However, quantifying flow patterns and velocities is impeded by spatial and temporal variations of exchange fluxes, insufficient sensors spacing during field investigations, or simplifying assumptions for analysis or modeling such as uniform flow. The objective of this study is to investigate lateral shallow groundwater flow upon river-water infiltration at the shoreline of the riverbed and in the adjacent riparian zone of the River Thur in northeast Switzerland. Here we have applied distributed temperature sensing (DTS) along optical fibers wrapped around tubes to measure high-resolution vertical temperature profiles of the unsaturated zone and shallow riparian groundwater. Diurnal temperature oscillations were tracked in the subsurface and analyzed by means of dynamic harmonic regression to extract amplitudes and phase angles. Subsequent calculations of amplitude attenuation and time shift relative to the river signal show in detail vertical and temporal variations of heat transport in shallow riparian groundwater. In addition, we apply a numerical two-dimensional heat transport model for the unsaturated zone and shallow groundwater to obtain a better understanding of the observed heat transport processes in shallow riparian groundwater and to estimate the groundwater flow velocity. Our results show that the observed riparian groundwater temperature distribution cannot be described by uniform flow, but rather by horizontal groundwater flow velocities varying over depth. In addition, heat transfer of diurnal temperature oscillations from the losing river through shallow groundwater is influenced by thermal exchange with the unsaturated zone. Neglecting the influence of the unsaturated zone would cause biased interpretation and underestimation of groundwater flow velocities. The combination of high resolution field data and modeling shows the complex hydraulic and thermal processes occurring in shallow riparian groundwater close to losing river sections as well as potential errors sources for interpreting diurnal temperature oscillations in such environments.
Comparison and evaluation of satellite derived precipitation products for hydrological modeling of the Zambezi River Basin
Authors: Cohen Liechti T. , Matos J. P. , Boillat J.-L. , Schleiss A. J.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. In the framework of the African DAms ProjecT (ADAPT), an integrated water resource management study in the Zambezi Basin is currently under development. In view of the sparse gauging network for rainfall monitoring, the observations from spaceborne instrumentation currently produce the only available rainfall data for a large part of the basin. Three operational and acknowledged high resolution satellite derived estimates: the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission product 3B42 (TRMM 3B42), the Famine Early Warning System product 2.0 (FEWS RFE2.0) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Climate Prediction Centre (NOAA/CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) are analyzed in terms of spatial and temporal repartition of the precipitations. They are compared to ground data for the wet seasons of the years 2003 to 2009 on a point to pixel basis at daily, 10-daily and monthly time steps and on a pixel to pixel basis for the wet seasons of the years 2003 to 2007 at monthly time steps. The general North-South gradient of precipitation is captured by all the analyzed products. Regarding the spatial heterogeneity, FEWS pixels are much more inter-correlated than TRMM and CMORPH pixels. For a rainfall homogeneity threshold criterion of 0.5 global mean correlation coefficient, the area of each sub-basin should not exceed a circle of 2.5° latitude/longitude radius for FEWS and a circle of 0.75° latitude/longitude radius for TRMM and CMORPH considering rectangular meshes. In terms of reliability, the correspondence of all estimates with ground data increases with the time step chosen for the analysis. The volume ratio computation indicates that CMORPH is overestimating the rainfall by nearly 50%. The statistics of TRMM and FEWS estimates show quite similar results. Due to its lower inter-correlation and longer data set, the TRMM 3B42 product is chosen as input for the hydraulic-hydrologic model of the basin. Further work will focus on the calibration of the hydraulic-hydrological model of the basin, including the major existing hydraulic structures with their operation rules.
Impacts of inhomogeneous landscapes in oasis interior on the oasis self-maintaining mechanism by integrating numerical model with satellite data
Authors: Meng X. , Lu S. , Zhang T. , Ao Y. , Li S. , Bao Y. , Wen L. , Luo S.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Mesoscale meteorological modeling is an important tool to help understand the energy budget of the oasis. While basic dynamic and thermodynamic processes for oasis self-maintaining in the desert environment is well investigated, influence of heterogeneous landscapes of oasis interior on the processes are still important and remain to be investigated. In this study, two simulations are designed for investigating the influence of inhomogeneity. In the first case, land surface parameters including land-use types, vegetation cover fraction, and surface layer soil moisture are derived by satellite remote sensing data from EOS/MODIS, and then be used specify the respective options in the MM5 model, to describe a real inhomogeneity for the oasis interior. In the other run, land use types are set to MM5 default, in which landscapes in the oasis interior is relative uniform, and then surface layer soil moisture and vegetation fraction is set to be averages of the first case for the respective oasis and desert surface lying, to represent a relative homogeneity. Results show that the inhomogeneity leads to a weaker oasis "cold-wet island" effect and a stronger turbulence over the oasis interior, both of which will reduce the oasis-desert secondary circulation and increase the evaporation over the oasis, resulting in a negative impact on the oasis self-protecting mechanism. The simulation of homogeneity indicates that the oasis may be more stable even with relative lower soil moisture if landscapes in the oasis interior are comparatively uniform.
Upper Pliensbachian – Toarcian (Jurassic) palaeoenvironmental perturbations in a temporal and regional context: an extended 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and δ18O belemnite isotope study from Bulgaria
Authors: Metodiev L. S. , Savov I. P. , Gröcke D. R. , Wignall P. B. , Newton R. J. , Andreeva P. V. , Koleva-Rekalova E. K.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. The Upper Pliensbachian–Toarcian (Jurassic) sedimentological, palaeontological and geochemical (belemnite 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and δ18O) record is examined in two Eastern Tethyan (Bulgarian) locations. This interval contains the well-known Early Toarcian ocean anoxic event (T-OAE) and its manifestation and temporal context is examined in Bulgaria. Many of the features characteristic for the SW European sections were identified: collapse of carbonate platform productivity at the Pliensbachian/Toarcian boundary, the T-OAE (a short pulse of anoxic deposition in the Falciferum ammonite Zone), an Early Toarcian rapid warming event seen in the belemnite δ18O record that peaked around the Falciferum/Bifrons ammonite zonal boundary. The long-recognized positive δ13C excursion in the late Falciferum ammonite Zone is also seen but a precursor, sharp δ13C negative excursion seen around the Tenuicostatum/Falciferum ammonite zonal boundary in many organic carbon records is not evident in the belemnite data, a curious absence noted from other belemnite records. Subsequent fluctuations of the 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and δ18O suggest there may be a further perturbation of the global isotopic systems. On the other hand, belemnite Sr isotope values from Bulgaria are in accord with those seen in Western Europe and hence its value for chronostratigraphy.
Uncertainty in future solid ice discharge from Antarctica
Authors: Winkelmann R. , Levermann A. , Frieler K. , Martin M. A.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Future solid ice discharge from Antarctica under climate scenarios based on the Extended Concentration Pathways is investigated with the Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK), a shallow model with a consistent representation of the ice flow in sheet, shelves and the transition zone. Both the uncertainty in the climate forcing as well as the intra-model uncertainty are combined into a probability distribution for solid ice discharge from Antarctica until the year 2500 under the ECP scenarios: All simulations are performed for a 81-member perturbed-physics ensemble and the likely ranges of surface and ocean warming under the emission pathways derived from the results of 20 CMIP3-AOGCMS. The effects of surface warming, ocean warming and increased precipitation on solid ice discharge are separately considered. We find that solid ice discharge caused by enhanced sub-shelf melting exceeds that caused by surface warming. Increasing precipitation leads to a change from net sea-level rise to sea-level drop. Our results suggest that the history of the ice-sheet plays an important role with respect to projections of solid ice discharge. Although all climate-change-forced simulations begin with the year 1850, the ice discharge around 2000 is significantly smaller than observed. Observed changes in ice discharge are reached around 2077 under the ECP-8.5 scenario. During the subsequent century, ice discharge reaches up to 0.24 m.
The Effect of Femoral Stem Length on Duration of Hospital Stay
Authors: Tahim Arpan S. , Stokes Oliver M. , Vedi Vikas
Published: February 2012

Length of post-operative stay is an important factor in improving cost-effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Short stem femoral components may reduce soft tissue and bone damage, permitting earlier mobilization and earlier safe discharge from hospital.

This study compares the length of stay of patients undergoing THA using a short stem femoral component compared to an age matched group undergoing standard THA. The mean age in the standard stem group was 52.7 years and 50.4 years in the short femoral stem group (p=0.57). Total theatre time, blood loss and post-operative Oxford hip scores in the groups were not statistically different (p=0.11, p=0.91, p=0.16). Mean post-operative stay for the short stem group was shorter (3 vs 5 days, p=0.010), resulting in 10% cost saving per patient episode.
Al-Skeini v. United Kingdom
Authors: Zgonec-Rožej Miša
Published: February 2012

In Al-Skeini v. United Kingdom, decided on July 7, 2011, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg (the Court) found that the human rights obligations of the United Kingdom applied to its actions in Iraq and that the United Kingdom had violated Article 2 (right to life) of the European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Convention or ECHR) by failing to investigate the circumstances of the deaths of the relatives of five of the six applicants. The case deals with the extraterritorial application in Iraq of the Convention, which is part of UK domestic law by virtue of the Human Rights Act, 1998, and involves the concepts of jurisdiction, effective control, and the scope of the right to life.
A Comparison of Two Pain Scales in the Assessment of Dental Pain in East Delhi Children
Authors: Khatri Amit , Kalra Namita
Published: February 2012

Pain is the most common symptom of oral diseases. Pain perception in children is highly variable and unreliable due to poor communication. Therefore we designed a study to compare pain measurement techniques, that is, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale (WBFPS) among Delhi children aged 3 to 14 years undergoing dental extraction. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 patients aged 3 to 14 years who had undergone dental extraction. Children were assessed for their pain sensitivity using visual analogue scale (VAS) and Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale (WBFPS ). Result and Conclusion. Pain threshold tends to decline, and the self-management of pain becomes more effective with increasing age. Genderwise result shows that communication ability of boys and girls is similar in all age groups.
Biological Effects of Phosphate on Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes
Authors: Sun Yubo , Mauerhan David R. , Chaturvedi Deepthi , Hanley Edward N. , Gruber Helen E.
Published: February 2012

This study sought to examine the expression of genes implicated in phosphate transport and pathological calcification in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and investigate the biological effects of phosphate. Results revealed that several genes, which were implicated in phosphate transport and pathological calcification, were differentially expressed in OA FLS and RA FLS. Phosphate stimulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinse-1, matrix metalloproteinse-3, cyclooxygenase-2, and interleukin-1βin a dose-dependent manner. Phosphate also induced OA FLS cell death but not RA FLS cell death at higher concentration. Calcification inhibitors, phosphocitrate (PC), and ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP), effectively inhibited these detrimental biological effects of phosphate. These findings suggest that abnormal expression of genes implicated in phosphate transport and pathological calcification may contribute to the progression of OA through the induction of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, proinflammatory cytokines, cell death, and calcium deposits. Calcification inhibitors such as PC and EHDP are potent inhibitors of these detrimental biological effects of phosphate.
Micah's Teraphim
Authors: Cox BD , Ackerman S
Published: February 2012

Determining the proper interpretation of the eight passages in the Hebrew Bible in which the term ְתּ ָר ִפים occurs (Gen 31:19–35; Judges 17–18; 1 Sam 15:23; 19:11–17; 2 Kgs 23:24; Ezek 21:26 [in most of the Bible’s English versions, 21:21]; Hos 3:4; and Zech 10:2) has proven to be, in many respects, a vexing problem for scholars. For example, as well documented by K. van der Toorn and T.J. Lewis in their jointly authored “ְתָּר ִפים ” entry in the Theo- logical Dictionary of the Old Testament, and in addition by van der Toorn in a 1990 article that appeared in the Catholic Biblical Quar- terly, no consensus has been reached regarding the etymology of
Working Memory Capacity and Learning Underlying Conceptual Relationships Across Multiple Documents
Authors: Banas Steven , Sanchez Christopher A.
Published: February 2012

A common usage of textual repositories of information is to seek out and gather important information for a specific learning goal. However, not all material is organized in a single location, and users are often forced to visit multiple pages or sources to develop understanding. In these situations, are different learners more or less sensitive to drawing the underlying connections between multiple documents, which are relevant for the eventual learning goals? This study examines the performance of undergraduates who vary in working memory capacity as they were asked to learn about plants from a Wiki‐like website. Participants were pretested on their knowledge of both biology and the plant kingdom. Results indicate that learning underlying conceptual structure is indeed predicted by working memory, but not prior knowledge. This suggests that individual characteristics should be considered when designing learning technologies in the future. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive control of stochastic nonlinear systems with Markovian switching
Authors: Wang G.L. , Zhang Q.L.
Published: February 2012

This paper is concerned with the problem of adaptive control for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with Markovian switching, where the upper bounds of nonlinearities of stochastic Markovian jump systems are assumed to be unknown. Firstly, an adaptation law is developed to estimate these unknown parameters. Then, a class of adaptive state feedback controller is proposed such that not only the estimated errors are bounded almost surely but also, the states of the resulting closed‐loop system are asymptotically stable almost surely. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the validity of the results.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐tuning weighted fusion Kalman filter for ARMA signal with colored measurement noise and its convergence analysis
Authors: Liu Jinfang , Deng Zili
Published: February 2012

For the multisensor single‐channel autoregressive moving average (ARMA) signal with colored measurement noise, when the partial model parameters and the noise variance are unknown, a self‐tuning fusion Kalman filter weighted by scalar is presented based on the ARMA innovation model by the modern time series analysis method. With the application of the recursive instrumental variable algorithm and the Gevers–Wouters iterative algorithm with dead band, the information fusion estimators for the unknown model parameters and noise variance are obtained, and their consistence is proved by the existence and continuity theorem of implicit function. Then, substituting them into the optimal weighted fusion Kalman filter, one can obtain the corresponding self‐tuning weighted fusion Kalman filter. Further, with the application of the dynamic variance error system analysis method, the convergence of the self‐tuning Lyapunov equations for filtering error cross‐covariances is proved. With the application of the dynamic error system analysis method, it is rigorously proved that the self‐tuning weighted fusion Kalman filter converges to the optimal weighted fusion Kalman filter in a realization; that is, it has asymptotic optimality. A simulation example shows its effectiveness.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Phase‐Pure Ferromagnetic Fe3P Films from Single‐Source Molecular Precursors
Authors: Colson Adam C. , Chen Chih‐Wei , Morosan Emilia , Whitmire Kenton H.
Published: February 2012

A new method for the preparation of phase‐pure ferromagnetic Fe3P films on quartz substrates is reported. This approach utilizes the thermal decomposition of the single‐source precursors H2Fe3(CO)9PR (R = tBu or Ph) at 400 °C. The films are deposited using a simple, home‐built metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) apparatus and are characterized using a variety of analytical methods. The films exhibit excellent phase purity, as evidenced by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field‐dependent magnetization measurements, the results of which agree well with measurements obtained from bulk Fe3P. Using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques, the films are found to have thicknesses between 350 and 500 nm with a granular surface texture. As‐deposited Fe3P films are amorphous, and little or no magnetic hysteresis is observed in plots of magnetization versus applied field. Annealing the Fe3P films at 550 °C results in improved crystallinity as well as the observation of magnetic hysteresis.
Opening the black box of “relevance work”: A domain analysis
Authors: Van der Veer Martens Betsy , Van Fleet Connie
Published: February 2012

In response to Hjørland's recent call for a reconceptualization of the foundations of relevance, we suggest that the sociocognitive aspects of intermediation by information agencies, such as archives and libraries, are a necessary and unexplored part of the infrastructure of the subject knowledge domains central to his recommended “view of relevance informed by a social paradigm” (2010, p. 217). From a comparative analysis of documents from 39 graduate‐level introductory courses in archives, reference, and strategic/competitive intelligence taught in 13 American Library Association‐accredited library and information science (LIS) programs, we identify four defining sociocognitive dimensions of “relevance work” in information agencies within Hjørland's proposed framework for relevance: tasks, time, systems, and assessors. This study is intended to supply sociocognitive content from within the relevance work domain to support further domain analytic research, and to emphasize the importance of intermediary relevance work for all subject knowledge domains.
Scientific subject categories of Web of Knowledge ranked according to their multidimensional prestige of influential journals
Authors: García J. A. , Rodriguez‐Sánchez Rosa , Fdez‐Valdivia J.
Published: February 2012

A journal may be considered as having dimension‐specific prestige when its score, based on a given journal ranking model, exceeds a threshold value. But a journal has multidimensional prestige only if it is a prestigious journal with respect to a number of dimensions—e.g., Institute for Scientific Information Impact Factor, immediacy index, eigenfactor score, and article influence score. The multidimensional prestige of influential journals takes into account the fact that several prestige indicators should be used for a distinct analysis of the impact of scholarly journals in a subject category. After having identified the multidimensionally influential journals, their prestige scores can be aggregated to produce a summary measure of multidimensional prestige for a subject category, which satisfies numerous properties. Using this measure of multidimensional prestige to rank subject categories, we have found the top scientific subject categories of Web of Knowledge as of 2010.
Applying Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller (Belbic) to Multiple‐Area Power Systems
Authors: Ale Aghaee Shirin , Lucas Caro , Amiri Zadeh Khosrow
Published: February 2012

Evolution of efficient power system control is very important. An effective power system simulation is useful for development as an evaluation of control performance. In this paper, a new, efficient simulation of multiple‐area power system control is proposed. We present the application of a Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller (BELBIC) to regulate the frequency error for a two‐area interconnected power system. BELBIC is based on the emotional learning process in the Amygdala‐Orbitofrontal system of the mammalian brain. Simulation results of this controller and the PID controller for a two‐area power system in a matlab/simulink environment show that it develops the stability control performance and improves amplitude of oscillations and settling time up to 17% and 24%, respectively. Actually, the simulation shows that the proposed BELBIC model for the matlab/simulink environment works and gives acceptable results, without redesigning it for each separate system.
Occupational exposure to electric fields and currents associated with 110 kv substation tasks
Authors: Korpinen Leena H. , Kuisti Harri A. , Tarao Hiroo , Elovaara Jarmo A.
Published: February 2012

The main aim of this study was to investigate occupational exposure to electric fields, and current densities and contact currents associated with tasks at air‐insulated 110 kV substations and analyze if the action value of EU Directive 2004/40/EC was exceeded. Four workers volunteered to simulate the following tasks: Task (A) maintenance of an operating device of a disconnector at ground or floor level, Task (B) maintenance of an operating device of a circuit breaker at ground or floor level, Task (C) breaker head maintenance from a man hoist, and Task (D) maintenance of an operating device of a circuit breaker from a service platform. The highest maximum average current density in the neck was 1.8 mA/m2 (calculated internal electric field 9.0–18.0 mV/m) and the highest contact current was 79.4 µA. All measured values at substations were lower than the limit value (10 mA/m2) of the EU Directive 2004/40/EC and the 2010 basic restrictions (0.1 and 0.8 V/m for central nervous system tissues of the head, and all tissues of the head and body, respectively) of the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Bioelectromagnetics 33:438–442, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ASSESSING PREFERENCE FOR SOCIAL INTERACTION IN CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH AUTISM
Authors: Nuernberger Jodi E. , Smith Cierra A. , Czapar Kelly N. , Klatt Kevin P.
Published: February 2012

In this study, preference for social interaction was investigated for three young children diagnosed with autism. The study consisted of conducting a multiple stimulus without replacement preference assessment to determine a hierarchy of preference for the interactions and conducting a reinforcer assessment. Results showed several types of social interaction functioned as reinforcers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laying out ground rules for protein‐aided nanofabrication: ZnO synthesis at 70°C as a case study
Authors: Kitayaporn Sathana , Zhou Weibin , Schwartz Daniel T. , Baneyx François
Published: February 2012

Designer proteins that incorporate solid‐binding peptides hold promise to control the nucleation, growth, morphology, and assembly of inorganic phases under mild conditions of temperature and pressure. However, protein‐aided nanofabrication remains more art than science and some materials can only be synthesized at temperatures that cause most mesophilic proteins to unfold. Using zinc oxide (ZnO) synthesis at 70°C as case study, we show here that seemingly unimportant variables, such as the carry‐over concentration of Tris buffer and the “empty” host protein scaffold can exert a significant influence on materials morphology. We also show that, once well‐controlled conditions are established, thermodynamic predictions and adsorption isotherms are powerful tools to understand how various ZnO‐binding sequence inserted within the thermostable framework of Escherichia coli thioredoxin A (TrxA) affect inorganic morphogenesis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1912–1918. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of the ‘How I Think Questionnaire’ in a Population of French‐speaking Adolescents with Externalizing Behaviors
Authors: Plante Nicolas , Daigle Marc S. , Gaumont Chloé , Charbonneau Lucie , Gibbs John , Barriga Alvaro
Published: February 2012

‘How I Think Questionnaire’ (HIT) is used to measure self‐serving cognitive distortions among delinquents. Previously validated on Americans, this instrument was translated, adapted and validated for French‐speaking teens. To assess convergent and discriminant validity, 336 adolescents with externalizing behaviors in Québec (Canada) completed the HIT, the Self‐Reported Delinquency Scale (SRD), and the Auto‐aggression Questionnaire. There were 165 boys and 171 girls with Mage = 16.4 years (SD = 0.5) who received services under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (n = 145) or the Youth Protection Act (n = 191). HIT and SRD total scores were correlated (0.51, p < 0.01). On the HIT, past suicidal attempting delinquents were not significantly different than non‐suicide attempting delinquents; also delinquents living in closed detention facilities had more self‐serving cognitive distortions than delinquents living in open facilities or under probation in the community. This French‐language version of the HIT is a reliable and valid measure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
President's page
Authors: Sonnenwald Diane H.
Published: February 2012

Editor's Summary

ASIS&T president Diane Sonnenwald marks the start of 2012 by applauding the many ways the organization is helping the membership stay current with industry trends. Members are volunteering to promote the organization on numerous fronts, from Facebook to webinars to planning and volunteer recruitment for the 2012 Annual Meeting in Baltimore. ASIS&T membership renewals have been simplified with conditionally lower rates, including special rates for members in less developed countries, and there are proposals for holding future meetings in countries outside North America. Volunteers and headquarters staff work collaboratively on many aspects of meeting planning through the year and the variety of other activities that keep ASIS&T a vibrant organization. Members are encouraged to renew their memberships, take advantage of offerings, participate actively in the organization and provide their support as volunteers.