bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi among the indigenous people (Orang Asli) of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Khor Chee-Sieng , Hassan Habibi , Mohd-Rahim Nurul-Farhana , Chandren Josephine Rebecca , Nore Siti-Sarah , Johari Jefree , Loong Shih-Keng , Abd-Jamil Juraina , Khoo Jing-Jing , Lee Hai-Yen , Pike Brian L , Li-Ping Wong , Lim Yvonne Ai-Lian , AbuBakar Sazaly
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Lyme disease has been well-described in the North America and European countries. However, information is still very limited in the developing countries including Malaysia. The Orang Asli (OA), the indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia reside mostly in the forest and forest fringe areas abundant with the vector for Lyme disease. Here, we described the seroprevalence of Borellia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi) among the OA and demographic variables that could be associated with seroprevalence.

Methodology: A total of 16 OA villages distributed across 8 states in Peninsular Malaysia participated in this study. Sera obtained from 904 OA volunteers were screened for anti-B. burgdorferi IgG antibodies. ELISA results obtained and demographic information collected were analysed to identify possible variables associated with seroprevalence.

Results: A total of 73 (8.1%) OA tested positive for anti-B. burgdorferi IgG antibodies. Among all the variables examined, village of residence (p = 0.045) was the only significant predictor for seropositivity. High (> 10.0%) prevalence was associated with three OA villages. Those living in one particular village were 1.65 times more likely to be seropositive as compared to other OA villages. Age, gender, marital status, household size, level of education, monthly household income and occupation were not significant predictors for seropositivity.

Conclusion: Results of the present study support earlier findings that B. burgdorferi infection among Malaysians is currently under-recognized. Further studies will be needed at these locations to confirm the presence of Lyme disease among these populations.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors for shock and death from E. coli bacteremia in pediatric hematological patients
Authors: Wang Haichen , Liu Jianling , Huang Ziyan , Tao Xiaoyan , Li Jun , Hu Yongmei , Dou Qingya , Zou Mingxiang , Yan Qun , Liu Wen' en
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The aim of our study was to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical features and risk factors for shock and mortality from Escherichia coli bacteremia among children and adolescents with hematological disorders.

Methodology: A retrospective observational study of E. coli bacteremia in the hematology department at Xiangya Hospital from January 2013 to June 2018 was conducted. Clinical characteristics, laboratory results and antimicrobial susceptibility were analysed. Risk factors for shock and mortality were also investigated.

Results: Of the 45 strains of E. coli, 73.3% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Septic shock was observed in 51.1% of patients, and the 30-day all-cause mortality was 22.2%. The risk factors associated with shock were an elevated red blood cell distribution (RDW) value when bloodstream infections (BSIs) occurred (> 15%, OR, 6.840; 95% CI, 1.571 – 29.788) and a lower WBC count (< 300/mm3, OR, 6.761; 95% CI, 1.383 – 33.044). Multivariate analysis showed that only an elevated D-dimer level (> 0.5 mg/L, OR 12.250, 95% CI 1.268 – 118.361) was a risk factor for 30-day mortality. Furthermore, we observed decreases for RDW changes at two time points (neutropenia and BSIs occurred) in the non-shock group and survival group.

Conclusions: MDR infections from E. coli bacteremia were common in pediatric hematological patients. In our setting, the laboratory results may serve as a clue for physicians to distinguish patients at higher risk for shock and mortality. Furthermore, RDW could be used as a biomarker to elucidate potential disorders in hematological patients.
People: From a Collection Manager's Viewpoint
Authors: Haston Elspeth , Mitchell Lorna
Published: June 2019

The specimens held in natural history collections around the world are the direct result of the effort of thousands of people over hundreds of years. However, the way that the names of these people have been recorded within the collections has never been fully standardised, and this makes the process of correctly assigning the event relating to the specimen to an individual difficult at best, and impossible at worst.

The events in which people are related to specimens include collecting, identifying, naming, loaning and owning. Whilst there are resources in the botanical community that hold information on many collectors and authors of plant names, the residual number of unknown people and the effort required to disambiguate them is daunting.

Moreover, in many cases, the work carried out within the collection to disambiguate the names relating to the specimens is often not recorded and made available, generally due to the lack of a system to do so. This situation is making it extremely difficult to search for collections within the main aggregators, such as GBIF —the Global Biodiversity Information Facility— , and severely hampers our ability to link collections both within and between institutes and disciplines. When we look at benefits of linking collections and people, the need to agree and implement a system of managing people names becomes increasingly urgent.
Aligning GBIF.org and the Atlas of Living Australia
Authors: Robertson Tim , Martin David , dos Remedios Nick
Published: June 2019

The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) are two well-connected leading infrastructures serving the biodiversity community. As the national node for GBIF, the ALA serves to provide rich, localized services for the community of users in Australia and also acts as the gateway for datasets being shared internationally on GBIF.org. While these explorations target collaboration initially with Australia, we anticipate this may be of interest to other adopters of the Living Atlas platform in the future. We will give an update of the state of progress to date, along with lessons learnt and summarise a roadmap for the future.

Recognising that significant overlap exists in the function of the systems, and that advancement in technology allows GBIF.org to offer more functionality, we have initiated a process of exploring better alignment of these infrastructures. Such a move is expected to bring the benefits of consistent data handling, improved citation tracking, coordinated deployment of new features across the entire data publishing community, better reuse of modules and an overall reduction in cost of development, deployment and operation.

Our initial areas of exploration focuses on two specific components which are common to most biodiversity portals: a registry of datasets and the indexing of occurrence data.

Use of a common registry for organisations, collections, datasets and associated metadata will reduce the effort spent in curating content, while also improving consistency by removing the need for synchronisation.

In addition, a revised data pipeline for the indexing of occurrence records that powers both GBIF.org and ALA is anticipated to accommodate features such as consistent flagging of data quality issues and standardised practice for citation and tracking citations.
Notes of Life: A platform for recording species observations driven by artificial intelligence
Authors: Lin Congtian , Wang Jiangning , Ji Liqiang
Published: June 2019

Biodiversity research is stepping into a big data era with the rapid increase in the abundance of biodiversity data, especially the large number of species images. It has been a new trend and hot topic on how to utilize artificial intelligence to mine big biodiversity data to support wildlife observation and recognition. In this research, we integrate large numbers of species images, including higher plants, birds and insects, and use a state-of-the-art image deep learning technique to train species auto-recognition models. Currently, we get a model that can recognize more than 900 Chinese birds with top 1 accuracy 81% and top 5 accuracy 95% (top n accuracy means the probability that the correct answer presents in top n predicted results), and more models are coming soon. Based on these models, we developed a platform named Notes of Life (NOL, http://nol.especies.cn), which includes a website and a mobile application (app) for assisting biological scientists and citizen scientists to recognize and record wildlife. Users can upload their observation records and images of wildlife through our mobile app while they are investigating in the wild. The website is used for bulk data uploading and management. Species images can be classified by taxon-specific, plug-in recognition models that speed up the process of identification. There is an expert module in NOL where citizen scientists can work interactively with information provided by biological scientists, and post a species image identification request to experts when they cannot recognize the species by themselves or from models. The expert module is for improving the quality of citizen science data, and it is a supplement of the disadvantage of species auto-recognition models. Above all, NOL embraces the idea that scientific research supports citizen science and citizen science gives feedback to science, and of finding a sustainable way to collect increasingly more reliable data for biodiversity research.
Uniquely Identifying Collectors of Specimens
Authors: Groom Quentin , Dillen Mathias , Huybrechts Pieter
Published: June 2019

Being able to connect together the specimens collected and determined by a person is key to understanding the origins, history, identity and ownership of a collection. Yet making these connections is difficult because people’s names change, are not unique and are written in many different ways. Semantic annotation of people names with stable identifiers is a solution to this problem.

Semantic annotation requires the linking of textual information to unique identities for known entities. This often needs to be done manually and can be time-consuming and error-prone. We have been linking person text strings to persistent identifiers of various kinds. We focused on the semantic annotation of people names mentioned on specimen labels, particularly the collectors, but also determiners of the specimen. Various person identifiers systems exist and they vary in their scope, their business model and their notability requirements. We have chosen, where possible, to link to several systems, because we feel this creates a more robust system, that does not rely on the maintenance of any single identifier system.

Currently, we are using Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) identifiers that are particularly useful for published authors. The Harvard University Index of Botanists has information on well known botanists and ORCID IDs are useful for living collectors. However, even with all these various identifiers systems, there are many collectors of whom we know little, particularly where they have not published or done something notable other than collect specimens. For many of these collectors Wikidata is a solution, because it can be edited by anyone and because it has a low threshold for notability. Wikidata also has the additional advantage of forming a bridge between many identifier systems. Hence, we incorporated Wikidata entries as well if available and endeavoured to merge existing duplicates wherever we could. In this process, we have examined the coverage, scope and reliability of these different systems for identifying collectors and determiners. We also advise on strategies for linking collectors to their identifiers efficiently. Linking specimens to clearly identified people has enormous advantages for specimen data curation and linking between different collections. We encourage every collection to prioritize this.
Progress in Construction of Animal Trait Ontologies
Authors: Wang Jiangning , Lin Congtian , Han Yan , Huang Xiongwei , Xi TianYu , Wang Zhaojun , Ji Liqiang
Published: June 2019

Extracting and formulating an animal trait ontology is the basis of building a trait database. The character selection from existing traditional biodiversity databases is limited and biased by the information already in a collection. With the increasing amount of character data and the advance of character information acquisition projects, the success of making animal trait ontologies or specifications of terms is imminent.

According to the general workflow of our ontology project, after investigating a large number of biodiversity databases, we extracted relatively complete character terms from dictionaries, training handbooks, journals and classical textbooks, and then constructed relationships according to some rules to form a preliminary animal trait ontology. When formulating the domain ontology/specification, our process is as follows:

Select the group and related materials; select the "specification" as the starting point of work; and then supplement with the teaching materials, journal citations and dictionaries of the relevant group for reference;

Extract terms from multiple sources, so only a few additions and modifications are needed after the second time;

Make structural adjustments to all terms according to the specification of description sequence;

Invite experts to examine and approve the project and repeat steps 2 and 3 (sometimes beginning from step 1) according to their opinions until they are approved.

Select the group and related materials; select the "specification" as the starting point of work; and then supplement with the teaching materials, journal citations and dictionaries of the relevant group for reference;

Extract terms from multiple sources, so only a few additions and modifications are needed after the second time;

Make structural adjustments to all terms according to the specification of description sequence;

Invite experts to examine and approve the project and repeat steps 2 and 3 (sometimes beginning from step 1) according to their opinions until they are approved.

At present, we have completed the construction of terms and their relationships for a morphological description of feature ontologies in birds, mammals, insects (only Lepidoptera), amphibians and reptiles. While constructing such morphology / taxonomy-based ontologies, we also formulated their attributes, which are supplemented by ontologies in various fields. All these terms are undergoing the second review by domain experts.

Although the existing work is only one small tip of the iceberg of the whole zoological trait ontology project, it is of great public interest. Compared with existing ontologies such as OBA (ontology of biological attributes, for development researchers) and UBERON (for surgeons), our ontologies are more suitable for taxonomists and biodiversity researchers.
The Biodiversity Informatics Training Curriculum (BITC): Versions 1 and 2
Authors: Ingenloff Kate , Saupe Erin , Townsend Peterson Andrew
Published: June 2019

Beginning in 2012, the JRS Biodiversity Foundation funded the University of Kansas to carry out a series of courses covering the breadth of the field of biodiversity informatics in cities across Africa. The Biodiversity Informatics Training Curriculum (BITC) was created from these events that used in-person courses taught by world experts in biodiversity informatics fields. The courses reached 120+ students and young professionals from 23 countries across Africa, and the digital videos of the courses reached thousands of viewers and users worldwide. BITC1 concluded in 2015 and a biodiversity informatics "curriculum" was published in the form of a compendium of BITC course materials (Peterson and Ingenloff 2016)—this curriculum has now been used as the basis for multiple programs of study around the world. BITC2 is now funded, again thanks to the JRS Biodiversity Foundation—this second version involves longer, more thematically oriented courses to be held in three east and southern African countries. The first will be held in Rwanda, in September 2019, and will focus on "Measuring Essential Biodiversity Variables and Ecosystem Services." BITC2 courses will begin with an open symposium, and then will proceed with intensive, hands-on, goal-oriented workshops with a small number of participants.

The overall objective of the BITC is a community-oriented and community-run set of training events that can provide avenues to advanced study, international collaboration, and region-wide integration of efforts in biodiversity informatics. BITC2 has four main goals:

implement new training dimensions in both an open symposium forum and an intensive, goal-and-product-focused approach that we tested in the later courses of BITC1;

expand access to learning resources via subtitling and translation;

build collaborative BITC communities via social media platforms; and

build within-Africa capacity in biodiversity informatics via high-level involvement of a number of African scientists and educators.

implement new training dimensions in both an open symposium forum and an intensive, goal-and-product-focused approach that we tested in the later courses of BITC1;

expand access to learning resources via subtitling and translation;

build collaborative BITC communities via social media platforms; and

build within-Africa capacity in biodiversity informatics via high-level involvement of a number of African scientists and educators.

These goals will be achieved via three, once-yearly symposium/course combination events which will be organized and implemented by combined leadership teams from the UK, USA, and African countries, and are intended to provide a combined total of 30-33 days of training to 36-42 trainees. Here we present the format of the BITC1 and BITC2 courses, and the positive and negative outcomes that have resulted, with an eye to optimal design of future such initiatives.
The Plazi Workflow: The PDF prison break for biodiversity data
Authors: Agosti Donat , Catapano Terry , Sautter Guido , Egloff Willi
Published: June 2019

The Swiss NGO Plazi (http://plazi.org) has developed an automated workflow for liberating data, including images and text, from new taxonomic publications issued in PDF format. This stepwise process extracts, article metadata, illustrations and their captions, bibliographic references, scientific names, named geographic entities such as coordinates and country names, collection codes, and finally, taxonomic treatments. These extracted data are enhanced and published in TreatmentBank (http://plazi.org) and deposited in Biodiversity Literature Repository (https:/biolitrepo.org) respectively, in which a Digital Object Identifier (DataCite DOI) is minted for articles as well as their contained figures and taxon treatments, each linked to each other in their metadata. This input is complemented by the import of Journal Article Tag Suite/Taxpub XML based publications from Pensoft publishers (e.g. Zookeys, Journal of Hymenoptera Research; https://pensoft.net/browse_journals) that are semantically enhanced during their journal production workflow. Upon import, materials citation are discovered and parsed, and the taxonomic treatments added to TreatmentBank where a persistent identifier is minted. From TreatmentBank data from taxonomic treatments, including occurence data from cited specimens, are submitted to GBIF (http://gbif.org), or are accessible via API. Treatments and material citations from more than 26,200 articles have been registered. The articles can be found on GBIF using the Digital Object Identifier in the search field.

Plazi, together with Pensoft Publishers, has processed over 26,000 articles containing more than 284,000 taxonomic treatments, 190,000 images, 50,000 georeferenced materials citations, together comprising an estimated 100 million facts. Through the support of the Arcadia Fund (https://www.arcadiafund.org.uk/) Plazi's processing is expanding to cover a sufficient number of journals to liberate the data of over 50% of the new described animal species annually. This will complement an existing service provided to the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, to convert the European Journal of Taxonomy and their other journals (http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/adansonia/40/1) to JATS/TaxPub (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK47081), as well as an increasing portfolio of journals published in JATS/TaxPub by Pensoft Ltd.
A Machine Learning Based Approach for Similarity Search on Biodiversity Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Weiland Claus , Kulmanov Maxat , Schmidt Marco , Hoehndorf Robert
Published: June 2019

Mass biodiversity data from scientific collections will be provided by world-wide digitization efforts like iDigBio in the U.S and DiSSCo in Europe. This opens up an increasing amount of data on wild type organisms, which enables the building of large biodiversity knowledge graphs comprising, inter alia, sequence, trait and occurrence data. Knowledge graphs model information in the form of entities and their relationships expressed in good practice as ontology-based annotations. Based on ontological descriptions, semantic similarity analysis makes linking of wild type data to genomic and proteonomic data of model organisms possible and thus supports knowledge discovery of crop wild relatives and underutilized species of interest for medicine, breeding and agriculture. Since classical similarity measurements focus on recording differences between character states (aiming to describe disease phenotypes), but not the character states in the sense of trait variations itself, new methods for similarity search are required. Machine learning algorithms operate on feature vectors, which are numeric representations of data (images, class labels etc) in n-dimensional vector space. We established a machine learning based workflow for similarity search on biodiversity entities using feature learning on ontologies and an associated RDF knowledge graph to project structured trait data into vector space. Vectors are then compared applying a similarity function (e.g. cosine similarity) to determine similarity between taxa based on trait semantics. We will present an application example of machine learning on biodiversity knowledge graphs using a pipeline built upon OPA2Vec, a method to generate feature vectors from the logical content of ontologies (Smaili et al. 2018), to successfully cluster plant species for life form and ecotype (e.g. tree vs. perennial plant) on the basis of their annotations with the Flora Phenotype Ontology (Hoehndorf et al. 2016).
Shaping our Taxonomic Legacy through Openly Sharing Primary Biodiversity Data in Taxonomic Revisions
Authors: Dikow Torsten
Published: June 2019

Taxonomy has a long tradition of describing earth’s biodiversity. For the past 20 years or so, taxonomic revisions have become available in PDF format, which is regarded by most practicing taxonomists to be a good means of digital dissemination. However, a PDF document is nothing more than a text document that can be transferred easily for viewing among researchers and computer platforms. In today’s world, traditional taxonomic techniques need to be met with novel tools to make data dissemination a reality, make species hypotheses more robust, and open the field up to rigorous scientific testing. Here, I argue that high-quality taxonomic output is not just the publication of detailed species descriptions and re-descriptions, precise taxon delimitations, easy-to-use identification keys, and comprehensively undertaken and illustrated revisions. Rather, in addition high-quality taxonomic output embraces digital workflows and data standards to disseminate captured and published data in structured, machine-readable formats to data repositories so as to make all data openly accessible. Imagine that a taxonomist today has every original description and every subsequent re-description of a species at her/his fingertips online, has every specimen photograph produced by a previous reviser digitally available in the original resolution, and can take advantage of existing, openly accessible data and resources produced by peers in digital format in the past. When we as taxonomists provide such findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data, the future of biodiversity discovery will accelerate and our own taxonomic legacy will be enhanced. Cybertaxonomic tools provide methods to accomplish this goal and their use and implementation is here summarized in the context of revisionary taxonomy from the standpoint of a publishing taxonomist. While many of the tools have been around for some time now, very few taxonomists embrace and utilize these tools in their publications. This presentation will provide information on what kind of data can and should be openly shared (e.g., specimen occurrence data, digital images, names, descriptions, authors) and outline best practices utilizing globally unique identifiers for specimens and data. Data standards and the best-suited data repositories such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and Zenodo, with its Biodiversity Literature Repository, and the Plazi TreatmentBank, an emerging species portal, are discussed to illustrate retrospective and prospective data capture of taxonomic revisions.
From Expert to Data-Driven Biodiversity Knowledge: Assessing ecosystem irreplaceability with IUCN Red List data for freshwater fish
Authors: Miqueleiz Imanol , Ariño Arturo H. , Miranda Rafael
Published: June 2019

Critical as they are for humans and nature, freshwater ecosystems are threatened—but the extent and depth of these threats are not well understood, especially if essential biodiversity data are lacking. Any policy aimed at protecting such ecosystems must first assess the threat factors and the potential harm, well before proposing conservation measures such as the creation and development of Protected Areas (PAs). These assessments must be done using a deep and sound knowledge of the actual and potential biodiversity variables. Freshwater ecosystems have been largely neglected in traditional PA design and management (Abell et al. 2007), be it for scarcity of biodiversity data, or for more perception-related reasons such as visibility and accessibility driving the allocation of conservation resources to more data-rich environments.

In an effort to contribute to shifting this state of affairs, we have developed an irreplaceability index to identify the most relevant places to achieve conservation aims for freshwater fish, based on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, which, in turn, should be founded on available biodiversity data upon which expert knowledge is based (Le Saout 2013). However, we found large assessment gaps in the IUCN Red List for freshwater fish. These gaps may result from the non-systematic acquisition of primary biodiversity data, which could eventually be alleviated by coordinated policies promoting ecosystem surveys tailored at increasing the availability and spread of such data, while identifying, targeting and prioritizing hotspots. Obtaining valid conclusions from low-assessment areas such as South America, which are simultaneously biodiversity and endangerment hotspots (Collen 2014), is particularly troublesome.

Building an irreplaceability index requires access to abundant, fine-scale biodiversity data. When combined with the assessment information available in the IUCN Red List, we can identify those areas where low assessment rates for highly irreplaceable rivers become keystones to protect freshwater biodiversity, and can therefore suggest actions for policy makers to take at both regional and local scales. In particular, we have thus identified those irreplaceable rivers that fall outside the current net of PAs. In a context of inadequate investment in biodiversity conservation (Juffe-Bignoli et al. 2016), our findings and the informatics-powered methods we propose, will hopefully help decision makers establish conservation priorities and allocate funds to preserve irreplaceable rivers and their fish fauna. Furthermore, the necessity of improving the IUCN Red List in low-assessed areas, requires synergies among IUCN, Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and conservation scientists to achieve accurate and reliable assessments.
Towards an Ontology of Comparative Biogeography: New insights into the semantics of biodiversity conservation
Authors: Ung Visotheary , Buttigieg Pier Luigi
Published: June 2019

Climate change, habitat destruction, and myriad other ecological stressors will impact us all and have already contributed to what is being labeled the sixth wave of extinction (Ceballos et al. 2015, Régnier et al. 2015). As a countering force, conservation biology strives to identify those areas of the planet most worthy of protecting due to their unique natural value (Dudley and Stolton 2008). Despite their value, criticisms (Camillo and Peter 2011) have been leveled at 1) the social cost of maintaining protected status (Lele et al. 2010) and 2) instances of continued biodiversity decline despite protection regimes (Craigie et al. 2010, Dudley et al. 2014). At present, the selection and delimitation of protected areas is an intuitive and often subjective process, leading to ambiguities in the semantics behind and across their definitions.

Thus, we propose that the application of ontological techniques to the ambiguities in protected area semantics is a timely contribution to conservation informatics. We hold that coherent semantic representation of the biogeographic areas which overlap protected areas (often designated empirically) will provide more efficient and standardized informatics, supporting research and decision-making processes. Our approach draws from comparative biogeography, which seeks to classify biogeographic areas based on their natural properties in a process known as bioregionalisation. In particular, we convert a cladogram of biogeographic areas (similar to cladogram of taxa) into a series of ontological classes, each corresponding to a monophyletic clade of areas. In this model, areas of endemism are treated as formal objects related by hierarchical relationships and constrained by the monophyly condition (Ung 2018). This approach unifies a model-theoretic view of endemism with the semantic web and therefore, offering new possibilities to communicate the biogeographic units conservation.

We use semantic web standards (RDF and OWL) expressed through interoperable "Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology (OBO) Foundry" and Library resources to model areas of endemism as evolutionary entities for comparative biogeography. This aligns with current efforts in the OBO Foundry to extend their semantic coverage to the domains of Earth and ecosystem science. Due to our work’s heavy reliance on environmental semantics, we base our work on the Environment Ontology (ENVO), extending it with often confounded biogeographic entities including biogeographic areas, such as areas of endemism and endemic areas, as well as their relationships. Hence, we seek to provide a rigorous and simple framework that improves biogeographic analyses and interoperability between systems.
Caring for the Entire Unit: Psychiatric Nurses' Use of Awareness
Authors: Thomson Andrea E. , Racher Fran , Clements Karen
Published: June 2019

Psychiatric nurses have a level of responsibility for everyone residing on the unit, which contributes to the need to nurse the population on the unit as a whole. Because the knowledge base regarding psychiatric nursing interventions in acute care settings is limited, this hermeneutic phenomenological study explored psychiatric nurses' experiences in providing nursing interventions to adult clients in acute care settings. Six expert psychiatric nurses were recruited through purposive, snowball sampling and were interviewed individually to gain a rich understanding of the psychiatric nursing interventions they provided to adult clients in acute care mental health settings. Analysis of the data revealed themes of awareness and person-centered care. This article focuses on the theme of
Awareness
, with subthemes of
self-awareness
,
awareness of the client
, and
situational awareness
. Situational awareness in psychiatric nursing has remained generally unexplored, and this research adds to the current knowledge base. Implications for practice, research, and education are discussed. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57
(9), 17–23.]
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: Onset, Risk Factors, and Protective Factors
Authors: Roselle Ann
Published: June 2019

The current article discusses the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children throughout the years as it has evolved, focusing on very early–onset and early-onset bipolar disorder. Proper care of children with bipolar disorder requires a thorough understanding of the subtleties in symptoms at different developmental ages, as well as a shift in diagnostic thinking, which grew to include disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). DMDD was added to address potential overdiagnosis of an already unusual diagnosis in young children. Critical discussion of risk factors, protective factors, and lack of data to support protective factors in the literature follows. Implications for advanced practice RNs are included, as these children transition from pediatric practice to adult practice. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57
(9), 32–37.]
Notas sobre la historia de σύμφωνον / consonans
Authors: Moralejo Álvarez José Luis
Published: June 2019

El moderno término «consonante» deriva evidentemente del latino consonans, que, a su vez, es un calco semántico del griego σύμφωνον. El presente trabajo trata de rastrear la historia de uno y otro término y someter a crítica algunos de los tratamientos modernos de que han sido objeto. Tradicionalmente, se ha considerado como primera aparición de la denominación σύμφωνα para designar al conjunto de las que hoy llamamos consonantes la que muestra la Τέχνη γραμματική atribuida al filólogo alejandrino Dionisio Tracio (siglo II a. C.), cuya autenticidad, sin embargo, es, cuando menos, sospechosa para la moderna crítica. Por su parte, el término latino consonans está acreditado por primera vez en Quintiliano, a finales del siglo I d. C.
Demo de Pnix: la asamblea ateniense en Caballeros de Aristófanes
Authors: Gallego Julián
Published: June 2019

Se estudia la representación de la asamblea en Caballeros de Aristófanes, considerando la coyuntura en que se escenificó y analizando la figura de Demo de Pnix. Se indaga la conexión entre espacios que la obra forja y se postula una dialéctica entre líderes y Demo que enfatiza la autoridad soberana de éste, quien en definitiva los sometía a rendición de cuentas. Se desarrolla finalmente un examen de los sentidos del término dêmos a partir de los debates modernos sobre el vocabulario político, resaltando la existencia de significados en tensión que, al igual que sucede con Demo como personaje cómico, designaban los conflictos que atravesaban al pueblo como cuerpo político.
Operadores de aproximación en el decir y de atenuación en griego antiguo: la partícula που
Authors: Jiménez Delgado José Miguel
Published: June 2019

Este trabajo constituye un intento de explicación de los valores tradicionalmente considerados modales de la partícula που. De acuerdo con nuestro análisis, που no se usa como una partícula de modalidad epistémica, sino que esos valores son más propios de un operador de aproximación en el decir y de atenuación. Esta explicación casa mejor con los demás usos reconocidos para la partícula y, como veremos, permite entender los supuestos usos modales de forma más consistente.
Caracterización de las publicaciones de España y Portugal sobre Open Science y análisis de su presencia en las redes sociales
Authors: De Filippo Daniela , Silva Paulo , Borges María Manuel
Published: June 2019

Se analizan las publicaciones sobre Ciencia Abierta de España y Portugal en la base de datos SCOPUS. A través de indicadores bibliométricos y altmétricos se estudia la repercusión de la producción en redes sociales. Entre 2000 y 2016 se detectaron 1273 documentos sobre el tema en ambos países, concentrados especialmente en el último quinquenio. Destacan las publicaciones sobre Open data y las temáticas de mayor producción han sido Computer Science y Social Science. Un tercio de las publicaciones con DOI ha tenido repercusión en las redes sociales siendo Twitter el medio que concentra mayor número de menciones. Si bien una tercera parte de los documentos se publicó en acceso abierto, no se detectó relación entre este indicador y la presencia en redes sociales.
Las redes de colaboración en el área de administración. El caso de las universidades colombianas
Authors: Serna-Gómez Héctor Mauricio , Quintero-Agudelo María Fernanda , Castro-Escobar Edisson Stiven , Calderón-Hernández Gregorio
Published: June 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la producción académica de organizaciones colombianas publicada en revistas del área de administración, gestión y contabilidad indexadas en SCOPUS. Para tal fin se seleccionaron 1019 artículos publicados durante el período 1991–2015. Se realizó análisis de redes sociales para la identificación de redes de colaboración científica en el área, también se realizó descripción de las publicaciones de acuerdo a las características de las revistas donde fueron publicados. Entre los principales resultados se destaca que el incremento en el número de artículos durante los años 2008–2015 se debe al aumento en el número de revistas en el área en la región de América Latina y a la presión institucional. Además se evidencia que los investigadores con filiación a instituciones colombianas en el área de administración han conformado en los últimos años redes de colaboración internacional.
Cyberbullying
Authors: Marzano Gilberto
Published: June 2019

Cyberbullying represents a topical risk, especially for the online generation that is continuously connected and socializes through the internet. This chapter presents an overview of the research on cyberbullying, from the earliest studies to the most recent. It discusses the broad variety of definitions of cyberbullying that exist and highlights its essential differences from traditional bullying. The authors then go on to illustrate and discuss the multifarious facets of cyberbullying, including the (relative) anonymity of perpetrators and the repetition of bullying acts. Further research developments are explored in the light of criticisms of Olweus, who argued that inconsistent findings and exaggerated claims plague much of the research on cyberbullying. Finally, new emerging forms of harassment, such as revenge porn and virtual rape, are also introduced.
Setting Anti-Cyberbullying Legal Policies
Authors: Marzano Gilberto
Published: June 2019

It is a broadly shared opinion that establishing the illegitimacy of cyberbullying is a primary action in combating it. In this regard, schools should openly declare that cyberbullying is not an acceptable or admissible behavior, and firm rules regarding this phenomenon should be implemented by them. In this chapter, the problem of setting anti-cyberbullying legal policies will be addressed. Two cases are illustrated and discussed, the famous case of Lori Drew related to the suicide of Megan Meier that occurred in 2006, and the Italian case of Tiziana Cantone whose suicide occurred 10 years later. In fact, the latter was not a cyberbullying case, but it is remarkable since it generated a huge emotional reaction among Italian people that ultimately led to the implementation of the Italian law against cyberbullying in 2017 and, in 2019, brought about the law against the unsolicited sharing of compromising erotic pictures or video, known as revenge porn. Both cases illustrate the issues that may arise in drawing effective anti-cyberbullying laws. The absence of a univocal definition of cyberbullying and the pressure of public opinion negatively affects the establishment of appropriate legal policies. Indeed, the formulation of a law implies unequivocally identifying an infraction and having clear rules to punish it. The current legal situation of cyberbullying in different countries is highlighted, focusing on the USA and Europe, and the general questions regarding the criminalization and punishment of cyberbullying are also analyzed. Finally, the use and positive influence of anti-cyberbullying regulations at schools are reviewed and discussed.
Educational Approaches for Tackling Cyberbullying
Authors: Marzano Gilberto
Published: June 2019

It is indisputably true that education is invoked by researchers and practitioners as an essential element to reverse the growth of cyberbullying and to mitigate the serious negative mental and physical consequences it has on victims. The key idea emerging from expert opinion is that online safety education and anti-cyberbullying educational programs are both essential in schools. These programs should involve, at different levels, students, educators, and parents. However, designing and running effective educational programs requires not only the comprehensive knowledge of the cyberbullying phenomenon but also educational competencies. In this chapter, the leading educational approaches adopted in cyberbullying educational interventions will be introduced highlighting the underlying psychological theories on which their effectiveness has grounded. In particular, participatory approaches, as well as peer education, will be introduced and discussed since they are universally recognized to be the most fruitful in cyberbullying educational programs.
Leadership 5.0 in Industry 4.0
Authors: Akkaya Bülent
Published: June 2019

In today's competitive environment, agile firms tend to be more successful. If today's technology companies, which are leaders in their sector, may fail in that competitive environment, it would be possible that they might lose their market leadership in the future. Some companies which were in the top in market in their own sector in the past are likely to be stand back from their competitors for not adapting to market change conditions. Fast process of technology and digital world are taking place in all organizational authoritative in all area and in all kind of sectors because the business world is transformed by the postmodern revolution-Fourth Industrial Revolution. In this dynamic environment, leaders should learn new management behaviors, with which they can communicate both internal and external environment of their enterprises by the strategies of being agile and innovative organizations. This can be by being aware of changes in environment and having the ability to manage these changes for the company's favor.
Accountability and Reporting in the Funding Decision Process of Social Economy
Authors: Pinto António-Cardoso , Lopes José Dias , Matos Pedro Verga
Published: June 2019

This chapter addresses the topic of accountability and reporting of social entities as concepts and instruments of governance that are used to demonstrate transparency and rigor regarding their activity to their stakeholders. The objective of this chapter is to understand how these instruments are used by social entities, and to establish whether this use brings about an increase in the trust created between theses entities and their funders with regards to the possibility of obtaining increased funding. With this in mind, two surveys were carried out, one for social entities and the other for funders, with some similar content, in order to enable a comparison of answers. This study enabled us to conclude that social entities have a formal and periodic relationship with their funders, that they believe that the current accountability and reporting (A&R) quality level is adequate, that social entities' A&R information, although not decisive, is important for funding decision making, and if social entities were to receive substantial funding, this would improve their social impact.
The Influencers of Social Accounting and Reporting
Authors: Nesheva-Kiosseva Ninel Ivanova
Published: June 2019

This chapter is an attempt at presenting some reliable factors that have a significant impact on the creation, development, and practice of social accounting and reporting. A part of the research is devoted to presenting the problem of the emergence of the views of social accounting and reporting and their development over time. Attention has been provided to the most influential generators of social accounting and reporting that shape the state of the art to the fullest extent. The text seeks to highlight the driving forces that impact the development of social accounting and reporting. The essay cannot be exhaustive enough as the vast variety of social reports that exist cannot be covered in detail. The study, without seeking full comprehensiveness, tries to systematize some key drivers of social accounting and accountability. It seeks to provide a practical and simple coordinate system in which those who wish to conduct social accounting and reporting should be guided by the diverse sources of social accountability models.
Relationship Marketing as a Mediating Role Between Brand Image and Customer Loyalty in B2B Markets
Authors: Abd-El-Salam Eman Mohamed
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine how brand image, value equity (conceptualized as relationship value), and relationship equity (conceptualized as relationship quality) and customer loyalty play a vital role in the Egyptian business to business market-and to test it empirically in agricultural business customers of chemical manufacturer with respect to their main supplier. A structured questionnaire was developed. The hypotheses were simultaneously tested on a sample of 328 customer-supplier relationships out of 603 distributed, giving a response rate of 54.4 per cent. The structural equation modelling technique was used to empirically test the proposed hypotheses. The findings of this study show significant positive relationships and impacts among the factors under investigation. Also, relationship equity and value equity act as mediators in the link between brand image and customer loyalty.
Sales Promotional Strategies and Buying Behavior in an Emerging Market at the Post Recession Period
Authors: Nasır Süphan , Bal Esra
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of sales promotional tools on consumer buying behavior in an emerging market at the post-recession period. This study assesses consumers' proneness to sales promotions and examines the effectiveness of four promotional tools that are premium offers, coupons, buy and get promotions, and price discounts on buying behavior in terms of brand switching, stockpiling, purchase acceleration, and product trial. The findings reveal that consumers are more prone to price discount and buy and get promotions, respectively. Among the four promotional tools, price discount is the most effective to influence product acceleration, brand switching, stockpiling, and product trial behavior respectively. However, there is no statistically significance difference between the effectiveness of premium offer and buy and get deals with regard to brand switching behavior, product acceleration, and product trail responses. In contrast, coupons are the least ineffective promotional tool in terms of generating all types of consumer response.