bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Tn‐seq analysis of carbohydrate utilization and vertebrate infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Troy Erin B. , Lin Tao , Gao Lihui , Lazinski David W. , Lundt Maureen , Camilli Andrew , Norris Steven J. , Hu Linden T.
Published: June 2016

Borrelia burgdorferi maintains a complex life cycle between tick and vertebrate hosts. Although some genes have been identified as contributing to bacterial adaptation in the different hosts, the list is incomplete. In this manuscript, we report the first use of transposon mutagenesis combined with high‐throughput sequencing (Tn‐seq) in B. burgdorferi. We utilize the technique to investigate mechanisms of carbohydrate utilization in B. burgdorferi and the role of carbohydrate metabolism during mouse infection. We performed genetic fitness analyses to identify genes encoding factors contributing to growth on glucose, maltose, mannose, trehalose and N‐acetyl‐glucosamine. We obtained insight into the potential functions of proteins predicted to be involved in carbohydrate utilization and identified additional factors previously unrecognized as contributing to the metabolism of the tested carbohydrates. Strong phenotypes were observed for the putative carbohydrate phosphotransferase transporters BB0408 and BBB29 as well as the response regulator Rrp1. We further validated Tn‐seq for use in mouse studies and were able to correctly identify known infectivity factors as well as additional transporters and genes on lp54 that may contribute to optimal mouse infection. As such, this study establishes Tn‐seq as a powerful method for both in vitro and in vivo studies of B. burgdorferi.
Diagnostic interview study of the prevalence of depression among public employees engaged in long‐term relief work in Fukushima
Authors: Maeda Masaharu , Ueda Yukiko , Nagai Masato , Fujii Senta , Oe Misari
Published: June 2016

Aim

The Great East Japan Earthquake and in particular, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, have had a serious psychological impact on not only residents, but also relief workers in Fukushima. Although public employees work in highly stressful situations and play a very important role in long‐term relief, their psychiatric features have yet to be clarified. The two aims of this study were to identify the current prevalence rate of depression and post‐traumatic stress disorder among public employees working in the disaster area using diagnostic interviews, and to speculate on the psychosocial factors affecting their mental condition.

Methods

We conducted diagnostic interviews and self‐administered questionnaires with 168 public employees working in two coastal towns in Fukushima.

Results

Results showed that the current prevalence of depression among public employees is as high as 17.9%, in contrast to the relatively low prevalence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (4.8%). Based on the results of self‐administered questionnaires and interview contents, frequent exposure to strong complaints or anger from residents and role conflicts were considered the cause of the high prevalence of depression.

Conclusion

The present study reveals the serious mental status of public employees working in Fukushima and sheds light on the urgent need to establish an efficient care network to provide adequate psychiatric intervention.
Cardiovascular regulation pattern of contamination‐related disgust: Consistency and context dependence
Authors: Comtesse Hannah , Stemmler Gerhard
Published: June 2016

The cardiovascular response to contamination‐related disgust was proposed to be under parasympathetic or parasympathetic‐sympathetic cardiac control. However, findings of physiological disgust responses are inconsistent, possibly due to effects of the emotion induction context and single cardiovascular changes being part of larger cardiovascular regulation patterns. Therefore, we induced an emotionally neutral state and core and contamination disgust in female participants in two induction contexts (auditory script, film clip). Dependent variables were emotion self‐reports and 10 cardiovascular factors derived from 23 cardiovascular variables. We found elevated disgust ratings in both induction contexts. On the cardiovascular level, we observed consistent increases in a factor indicating vagal cardiac control in both contexts and changes in factors indicating sympathetic activation that were bound to the respective context. These findings support the notion of a parasympathetic dominance of the contamination‐related disgust response and underpin the importance of incorporating the induction context in the study of cardiovascular responses to disgust.
“Your Excellency needs only to wish it”: Awards and Promotion Culture in the Army of Catherine II
Authors: MIAKINKOV EUGENE
Published: June 2016

This article explores the meaning of merit in the military culture in the Age of Catherine the Great. What was the promotion culture based on in Catherine's Russia? How was it exercised? How was it reinforced? What was the importance of professionalism in gaining promotions? And how was it legislated within the cultural and bureaucratic framework? My research suggests that, despite occasional nods to favoritism and patronage, the machinery of merit kept steadily humming in the background. As a matter of fact, Catherine's reign left behind a significant amount of evidence that points to the gradual development of meritocracy and articulation of merit in the military culture. To document merit, verify its existence, and analyze it, this article examines a unique set of documents–letters of recommendation–that have not yet been fully utilized by any systematic research.
Vasilii Sigarev's Post‐Soviet Dramas of the Provincial Grotesque
Authors: KAMINER JENNY
Published: June 2016

This article focuses on one of the most prominent playwrights of the post‐Soviet period, Vasilii Sigarev, whose plays have enjoyed frequent stagings and critical acclaim in both Russia and the West. Elucidating the poetics of place and space that Sigarev develops in his dramas, I apply a concept that I term the “provincial grotesque.” This article analyzes the complex and multifaceted nature of space in Sigarev's works–an element of his dramaturgy that has thus far remained unexplored. It argues that the works of Sigarev provide a fertile source of material for examining dynamic notions of space and place, of center and periphery, which have occupied a pivotal role in the complex and volatile process of Russian identity contestation in the years since the Soviet Union's collapse.
Complex Polarity: Building Multicellular Tissues Through Apical Membrane Traffic
Authors: Román‐Fernández Alvaro , Bryant David M.
Published: June 2016

The formation of distinct subdomains of the cell surface is crucial for multicellular organism development. The most striking example of this is apical‐basal polarization. What is much less appreciated is that underpinning an asymmetric cell surface is an equally dramatic intracellular endosome rearrangement. Here, we review the interplay between classical cell polarity proteins and membrane trafficking pathways, and discuss how this marriage gives rise to cell polarization. We focus on those mechanisms that regulate apical polarization, as this is providing a number of insights into how membrane traffic and polarity are regulated at the tissue level.
Does Trade Liberalisation Trigger Tax Competition? Theory and Evidence from OECD Countries
Authors: Exbrayat Nelly
Published: June 2016

This paper aims at assessing the empirical relevance of new economic geography models of tax competition. We rely on a simple model to specify tax reactions functions, which we estimate with a panel covering (up to) 26 OECD countries over the period 1982 to 2006. We provide striking support for the two main predictions regarding the slope and the constant of the reaction function: national governments seem to adjust their corporate tax rate towards the level chosen in countries that are more populated, and they tend to set higher corporate tax rates when their country enjoys a high real market potential. Through the latter effect, trade integration exerts a positive influence on the level of corporate taxation. However, using a theoretically grounded index of bilateral trade integration, we also show that trade liberalisation gives rise to significant tax interactions in the setting of effective average tax rates in the case of European countries, thus exerting a downward pressure on corporate tax rates.
A retrospective evaluation of lomustine (CeeNU) in 32 treatment naïve cats with intermediate to large cell gastrointestinal lymphoma (2006–2013)
Authors: Rau S. E. , Burgess K. E.
Published: June 2016

Multi‐drug chemotherapy protocols for feline lymphoma have demonstrated variable efficacy and tolerability. In phase I trials, lomustine has demonstrated efficacy for cats with lymphoma though its use for treatment naïve feline intermediate/large cell gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoma remains unknown. This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of lomustine for the treatment of feline GI lymphoma. Thirty‐two cats with histologically or cytologically confirmed intermediate/large cell GI lymphoma were evaluated retrospectively. Factors assessed included clinical signs, hematologic/biochemical parameters and use ofl‐asparaginase at induction. A response rate of 50% (16/32), with median duration of response of 302 days (range 64–1450 days), was found. Median progression‐free interval was 132 days (range 31–1450 days), with overall median survival time of 108 days (range 4–1488 days). History of hyporexia, presence of anaemia and dose of lomustine were significantly associated with progression‐free survival. Overall, lomustine is a well‐tolerated and effective treatment for feline GI lymphoma.
Outcome in dogs with advanced (stage 3b) anal sac gland carcinoma treated with surgery or hypofractionated radiation therapy
Authors: Meier V. , Polton G. , Cancedda S. , Roos M. , Laganga P. , Emmerson T. , Rohrer Bley C.
Published: June 2016

Stage 3b anal sac gland carcinoma (ASGC) can be life‐threatening. A surgical approach is not always possible or may be declined. Dogs with stage 3b ASGC treated with surgery or conformal radiation therapy (RT) with 8 × 3.8 Gy (total dose 30.4 Gy, over 2.5 weeks) were retrospectively evaluated. Patient characteristics, median progression‐free interval (PFI) and median survival time (MST) were compared. Twenty‐eight dogs were included; 15 underwent surgery, 13 underwent RT. At the time of presentation, 21% showed life‐threatening obstipation and 25% showed hypercalcaemia. PFI and MST for surgery cases were 159 days (95% CI: 135–184 days) and 182 days (95% CI: 146–218 days), both significantly lower than for RT cases with 347 days (95% CI: 240–454 days) and 447 days (95% CI: 222–672 days), (P = 0.01, P = 0.019). Surgery as well as RT led to a fast relief of symptoms. PFI and survival of surgical patients were significantly inferior to that of a comparable patient group treated with conformal hypofractionated RT.
A novel approach to detect test‐seeking behaviour in the blood donor population: making the invisible visible
Authors: de Vos A. S. , Lieshout‐Krikke R. W. , Slot E. , Cator E. A. , Janssen M. P.
Published: June 2016

Background and Objectives

Individuals may donate blood in order to determine their infection status after exposure to an increased infection risk. Such test‐seeking behaviour decreases transfusion safety. Instances of test seeking are difficult to substantiate as donors are unlikely to admit to such behaviour. However, manifestation in a population of repeat donors may be determined using statistical inference.

Materials and Methods

Test‐seeking donors would be highly motivated to donate following infection risk, influencing the timing of their donation. Donation intervals within 2005–2014 of all Dutch blood donors who acquired syphilis (N = 50), HIV (N = 13), HTLV (N = 4) or HCV (N = 2) were compared to donation intervals of uninfected blood donors (N = 7 327 836) using the Anderson–Darling test. We adjusted for length bias as well as for age, gender and donation type of the infected. Additionally, the power of the proposed method was investigated by simulation.

Results

Among the Dutch donors who acquired infection, we found only a non‐significant overrepresentation of short donation intervals (P = 0·54). However, we show by simulation that both relatively short and long donation intervals among infected donors can reveal test seeking. The power of the method is >90% if among 69 infected donors >35 (51%) are test seeking, or if among 320 infected donors >90 (30%) are test seeking.

Conclusion

We show how statistical analysis may be used to reveal the extent of test seeking in repeat blood donor populations. In the Dutch setting, indications for test‐seeking behaviour were not statistically significant. This may, however, be due to the low number of infected individuals.
Effect of warming and flow rate conditions of blood warmers on red blood cell integrity
Authors: Poder T. G. , Pruneau D. , Dorval J. , Thibault L. , Fisette J.‐F. , Bédard S. K. , Jacques A. , Beauregard P.
Published: June 2016

Background and Objectives

Fluid warmers are routinely used to reduce the risk of hypothermia and cardiac complications associated with the infusion of cold blood products. However, warming blood products could generate haemolysis. This study was undertaken to compare the impact of temperature of blood warmers on the per cent haemolysis of packed red blood cells (RBCs) heated at different flow rates as well as non‐flow conditions.

Materials and Methods

Infusion warmers used were calibrated at 41·5°C ± 0·5°C and 37·5°C ± 0·5°C. Cold RBC units stored at 4°C in AS‐3 (n = 30), aged 30–39 days old, were divided into half units before being allocated under two different scenarios (i.e. infusion pump or syringe).

Results

Blood warmers were effective to warm cold RBCs to 37·5°C or 41·5°C when used in conjunction with an infusion pump at flow rate up to 600 ml/h. However, when the warmed blood was held in a syringe for various periods of time, such as may occur in neonatal transfusions, the final temperature was below the expected requirements with measurement as low as 33·1°C. Increasing the flow with an infusion pump increased haemolysis in RBCs from 0·2% to up to 2·1% at a flow rate of 600 ml/h regardless of the warming device used (P < 0·05). No relevant increase of haemolysis was observed using a syringe.

Conclusions

The use of a blood warmer adjusted to 41·5°C is probably the best choice for reducing the risk of hypothermia for the patient without generating haemolysis. However, we should be cautious with the use of an infusion pump for RBC transfusion, particularly at high flow rates.
IRREGULAR REPETITION CODE HYBRID ARQ IN WIRELESS SYSTEM
Authors: Mad Kaidi Hazilah , Ahmad Norulhusna , Mohd Izhar Mohd Azri , Mohd Sam Suriani , Fisal Norsheila
Published: June 2016

Error control consists of error detection and error correction in the communication system. The purpose of this research work is to reduce error in the wireless communication system by using the advantages of both error correction techniques which are forward error correction (FEC) and automatic repeat request (ARQ). Thus, error can be corrected without retransmission and also via retransmission(s) when needed. Combination of FEC and ARQ is known as Hybrid ARQ. In this paper, Hybrid ARQ system is designed using three components which are the irregular repetition code (IRC) as a simple code, bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) as a simple Turbo processing and ARQ. The HARQ system is enhanced by the extended mapping (EM) adopted in the mapping system. The performance of the systems is evaluated in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The results show the Hybrid ARQ with extended mapping (Hybrid ARQ-EM) outperforms Hybrid ARQ with standard mapping (Hybrid ARQ-SM). Hybrid ARQ-EM achieves low bit error rate BER (10-5) at low signal-to-noise ratio SNR which only 3.03dB close to the theoretical limit. The proposed system Hybrid ARQ-EM achieves 52 percent gain enhancement of SNR gap from the theoretical limit compared to Hybrid ARQ-SM. Hybrid ARQ-EM gives better performance although in worse channel condition.
A COMPACT AND WIDEBAND FLAT LENS ANTENNA BASED ON APERTURE COUPLED PATCHES FOR X-BAND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Awaleh Abdisamad Ali , Dahlan Samsul Haimi
Published: June 2016

This paper presents a wideband and compact flat lens antenna for X-band applications. An 8×8 array of this antenna is designed and realized by using aperture coupled patches from the multilayer Frequency Selective Surface concept. The basic antenna element configuration of this design consists of two back-to-back printed patches with a common ground plane coupling. A pair of identical slots is embedded on the ground plane to provide the necessary phase error compensation between receive and transmit apertures. The lengths of the two slots are varied simultaneously to investigate how much phase shift range can be achieved with this simple design structure. The antenna elements are simulated using the electromagnetic simulation software CST Microwave Studio. A 209° transmission phase range was achieved with transmission coefficient variations of better than -2.25 dB. The gain of the feeding horn antenna used is 9 dB at 10 GHz. Upon the implementations of the lens structure, the gain of the overall antenna system has increased to 16 dB. Our simulation shows a 3-dB transmission bandwidth of around 33% could be achieved for the unit cell. Radiation pattern simulation of the antenna system shows a good symmetry between E and H-plane with a half-power beamwidth of 19.2° and 19.0° in E-plane and H-plane respectively. The gain is greater than 9 dB from 8 to 12 GHz with maximum gain of 16 dB is achieved at 10 GHz. The proposed antenna design uses a simple and less fabrication complexity mechanism for phase error correction.
BEAM BROADENED RADIAL LINE SLOT ARRAY ANTENNA FOR FIFTH GENERATION (5G) MOBILE BROADBAND COMMUNICATION
Authors: Maina Ibrahim , Abd Rahman Tharek , Khalily Mohsen , Zakwoi Solomon Iliya
Published: June 2016

Radial line slot array antenna with broad beam is easily realized at frequencies in the lower part of super high frequency band. But emerging broadband mobile communication systems like the fifth generation target frequencies in the upper part of the band and beyond. Therefore, this paper presents the design of beam broadened radial line slot array antenna at 28 GHz for fifth generation broadband mobile communication system. Surface slot distribution synthesis was carried on beam squinted standard single layer radial line slot array design to achieve the broad beam. Using computer simulation technology microwave studio 2014 software, 85 mm radius antenna having polypropylene (ɛr = 2.33) as cavity material was realized. Simulated results shows a gain of 15.8 dB, impedance bandwidth of 1.6 GHz, radiation efficiency of 96 % and 3 dB half power beamwidth of up to 32.3o.
WIDEBAND JEAN ANTENNA WITH BENDING STRUCTURE FOR MICROWAVE IMAGING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Yahya Roshayati , Kamarudin Muhammad Ramlee , Seman Norhudah , Moradikordalivand Ali
Published: June 2016

In this paper, a wideband jean antenna with bending structure for flexible microwave imaging applications is presented. Coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding structure with Koch shape ground slotted technique has been implemented for widening the bandwidth. The design evolution process of the proposed antenna is started from a simple CPW-fed monopole antenna to bending circumstance. The proposed antennas under normal condition, bending circumstance and as well as on-arm bending effect are simulated and optimized using CST microwave studio software and fabricated; also tested so as to validate the results . Under normal condition, the antenna provides measured bandwidth of 4500 MHz (1.5–6 GHz) in the case of |S11|≤−10 dB while 4360 MHz (1.44–5.8 GHz) for the measured bandwidth under bending circumstance is obtained. Also, there is a slight degradation on the reflection coefficient of the antenna under on-arm bending so that measured bandwidth became narrower with operating frequency of 3800 MHz (2.2–6 GHz). The measured gain of the antenna fluctuates between 2.5–5.6 dBi and 1.5–2.8 dBi with quasi-omnidirectional pattern within the expected frequency band for normal and bending condition, respectively. The proposed antenna provides a good performance in terms of its reflection coefficient and radiation characteristics. Therefore, due to insensitiveness to bending and body effect, the proposed antenna has become good candidate for microwave imaging applications.
DUAL BAND RECTANGULAR DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATION
Authors: Selvaraju Raghuraman , Kamarudin M. R. , Khalily Mohsen , Nasir Jamal , Jamaluddin. M. H.
Published: June 2016

A compact dual band ring shape rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RRDRA) to operate at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHZ WLAN application is proposed. In this design the dielectric resonator is fed by modified 50Ω trapezoidal micro strip line situated on top of the FR4 substrate. The simulated and measured impedance bandwidth achieved at 2.4 GHZ is 12.42% (2.3149-2.6132) and 12.9% (2.21-2.52) respectively; whilst for 5 GHZ at 13% (5.1795-5.8914) and 13.2% (5.08-5.81) for S11<-10 dB. And the gain of the proposed antenna is 4.9dBi and 5.9 dBi at 2.4 GHz 5GHZ respectively. Results are simulated using Ansoft High frequency structural simulator (HFSS) for the study of impedance bandwidth, return loss, radiation pattern and antenna gain. Furthermore the antenna has been fabricated and tested. The measured characteristics of the proposed antenna are in good agreement with the simulated results.
PSO OPTIMIZATION FOR SOLAR SYSTEM INVERTER CONTROLLER AND COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO CONTROLLER TECHNIQUES
Authors: Abdolrasol Maher. G. M. , Hannan M A , Mohamed Azah
Published: June 2016

This paper explains a deep comparison between two controller techniques firstly controller control on modulation index and the second controller use dq method. Both of these controller approaches have control on three phase voltage and use the same system unchanged. The system is a solar system together with a backup battery connected to a single housing unit. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been utilized to improve the controller performance by automatically finding its parameters in order to reduce the error in the proportional Integral (PI) controller. Optimization process has been done with a real recording data of housing unit demand in Malaka, Malaysia. System has been simulated and tested in MATLAB/Simulink environment with m-file runs PSO algorithm and simulate the system hundreds of times to get the best results showing in this paper. Comparisons were taking place in controller design and in the simulation results that express the strength and weaken points of each controller starts with THD voltage and current waveform and RMS voltage in each controller.
REVIEW OF THE CURRENT DESIGN ON WEARABLE ANTENNA IN MEDICAL FIELD AND ITS CHALLENGES
Authors: Sabri Sharizal Fadlie , Mohd Sam Suriani , Kamardin Kamilia , Mohd Daud Salwani , Salleh Nor’Asnilawati
Published: June 2016

Wearable device has become more popular nowadays. Wristband and glasses are now capable to sense and track our daily activities. It also becomes useful in medical field where physician can track their patient’s activities and monitor their condition remotely. The wearable device is equipped with antenna to transmit the entire sensor’s data to the monitoring system. The design of antenna is very important to ensure the wearer is comfortable when using the device for whole day without affecting the antenna performance. The paper aims to discuss on current design of wearable antenna in medical field and its current challenges. The advantages and disadvantages of certain design will also be highlighted. From the design and challenge discussed, the important factor for wearable antenna’s design will be listed in the conclusion.
THE PERFORMANCE OF HANDOVER SCENARIO FOR MACROCELL AND FEMTOCELL IN LTE HETEROGENEOUS NETWORK
Authors: Ismail Melati , Yusof Azita Laily , Ya’acob Norsuzila , Nasro Ali Mohd Saufi , Zainali Muhammad Aiman , Rosdi Mastura , Abu Bakar Basyirah
Published: June 2016

Seamless handover process between macrocell and femtocell base stations is a major challenge of LTE femtocell-macrocell integrated system because the need of an efficient handover which can transfer User Equipment (UE) between femtocell and macrocell. The challenge facing today and future is to provide seamless handover initiation scheme and better signal strength to users because of the different LTE heterogeneous network. So, the deployment of femtocells can offload traffic from the LTE macro cellular to be managed by the femto cellular network. This research presents the handover performance when the femtocells are deployed on the macrocell heterogeneous network and also LTE femtocell-macrocell integrated network scheme for hand-in and hand-out handover process. The simulation results show a significant reduction in number of handover calls rate with the proposed scheme which can manage overloaded traffic in the LTE heterogeneous network.
ANALYSIS OF POWER LOSSES DUE TO DISTRIBUTED GENERATION INCREASE ON DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Authors: Suyono Hadi , Hasanah Rini Nur
Published: June 2016

Small-scale power plants injected into the existing distribution systems are commonly called as embedded or dispersed generation. The continuously increasing penetration of distributed generation becomes a challenge for conventional power systems. Recently developed distributed generation systems are mostly categorized into small scale plants in terms of power output. However, they are expected to be massive in terms of number. The power plants injection as well as their spread in the whole distribution systems will influence the power flow and losses in the network. Some researches have been undertaken recently to relate the embedded plants with the power losses and voltage profile of the networks. This paper presents a study on the influence of penetration level and concentration of distributed generation on power losses in the network. Steady-state power flow analysis is used to examine the power losses variation for a variety of distributed generation penetration. Based on the power flow analysis, voltage profile and power losses due to the power plants injection can be determined. The influence of various technologies used is also considered, including the use of wind power, photovoltaic and micro-hydro power plants. Four different scenarios to determine the effect of dispersed generation injection are proposed, starting from the original grid in the first scenario, being added with photovoltaic plant (0.5MVA) in the second scenario, the addition of wind power plant (0.5MVA) to the grid in the third scenario, and the fourth is the addition of microhydro power plant (1x2.5MVA) to the grid. The considered scenarios are based on the existing potential of the plants in the network system under concern, i.e. the Sengkaling Substation of the Pujon Feeder in Malang, Indonesia. Based on the analysis results, the injection of microhydro power plant (Scenario 4) presents the best influence being compared to the three other scenarios. The microhydro power potential is greater than that of the PV and wind power plants. Besides, it is well located in the middle of distribution system. From the point of view of power loss analysis, Scenario 4 also results in the smallest loss compared to the other scenarios. The least favorable losses reduction is given by Scenario 3 using the wind power plant injection, although the injection of renewable energy power plants in this study in general is proven to improve the voltage profile and reduction of power losses in the system.
TOWARDS AN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY: A KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CHALLENGES IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ACADEMIC AND STUDENT ADMINISTRATION BUREAU
Authors: Simanjuntak Mariana , Manalu Santi Agustina , Tobing Roy Deddy Hasiholan
Published: June 2016

Nowadays, Knowledge Management System (KMS) can be used in higher education as a strategy framework reflecting the comprehensive and integrated understanding with long-term paradigm to attain institution mission. KMS practices require long processes, management processes, human resources, information technology and communication which holistically constitute the valuable assets in sharing information, knowledge, and experience to achieve the effective knowledge management. One strategy to KMS involves continuously implementing sharing information, knowledge, and experience supported by information system as the holistic effort for organization development. This study aims to explore the challenges faced by the transformation of a higher education institution process from polytechnic into an institute of technology, particularly in the working area of the academic and student administration bureau. The main focus of those challenges is of KMS perspectives to become part of the organization’s culture. The exploration elaborates the concepts of KMS and compares them to the organization conditions.
Simultaneous Boiling Visualization and Heat Transfer Measurement of Two Adjacent Water Impinging Jets
Authors: Lee Jungho , Lee Sang Gun
Published: June 2016

The effect of jet-to-jet distance of two adjacent jets on boiling heat transfer was investigated by a simultaneous boiling visualization and heat transfer measurement. The hydrodynamics of two adjacent jets were visualized by the high-speed imaging and the 4K camera on unheated surface. The surface temperature of the hot steel plate was estimated by formulating 2-D inverse heat conduction, which was measured through the flat-plate heat flux gauge. The jet Reynolds number was fixed at Re = 17,000 and the jet-to-jet distance of two adjacent jets was set to the three different jet-to-jet distances (p/d = 10, 20 and 30). The wall jet flow interference between two adjacent impinging jets forms a vertical fountain at its boundary. The more scattered water droplets are observed from the fountain due to the higher intensity at the p/d = 10. The flow interaction becomes to reduce its momentum as increasing the p/d. The boiling visualization shows which boiling mode starts to occur and turns to be disappeared from film boiling to nucleate boiling on the hot surface. The measured surface temperature has a good agreement with the corresponding boiling visualization. The closer jet distance (lower p/d) shows the rapid temperature gradient along the interaction, which provides much higher cooling rate in a multiple jet nozzle when designing an intensive quenching device.
The Sensitivity of Joint Torques During Running to Forceplate Data Error
Authors: Schmitz Anne , Norberg Jaclyn
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between forceplate inaccuracies and joint torques during running. Instrumented gait analysis data were collected on a single subject running above ground. A Monte Carlo analysis was performed using 60 simulations. In each simulation, joint torques were computed as the ground reaction force (GRF) data were perturbed. Errors in joint torques were larger for proximal joints compared to the distal joints. These errors in joint torques were due more to inaccuracies in the GRF magnitude than the center of pressure (COP) measurements. Clinically, these results may be used to determine a priori the forceplate accuracy needed to measure a desired difference in joint torque between patient populations.
Robustness of Using Dynamic Motions and Template Matching to the Limb Position Effect in Myoelectric Classification
Authors: Shin Sungtae , Tafreshi Reza , Langari Reza
Published: June 2016

Myoelectric classification has been widely studied for controlling prosthetic devices and human computer interface (HCI). However, it is still not robust due to external conditions: limb position changes, electrode shifts, and skin condition changes. These issues compromise the reliability of pattern recognition techniques in myoelectric systems. In order to increase the reliability in the limb position effect when a limb position is changed from the position in which the system is trained, this paper proposes a myoelectric system using dynamic motions. Dynamic time warping (DTW) technique was used for the alignment of two different time-length motions, and correlation coefficients were then calculated as a similarity metric to classify dynamic motions. On the other hand, Fisher's linear discriminant analysis was applied on static motions for the purpose of dimensionality reduction and Naïve Bayesian classifier for classifying the motions. To estimate the robustness to the limb position effect, static and dynamic motions were collected at four different limb positions from eight human subjects. The statistical analysis, t-test (p < 0.05), showed that, for all subjects, dynamic motions were more robust to the limb position effect than static motions when training and validation sets were extracted from different limb positions with the best classification accuracy of 97.59% and 3.54% standard deviation (SD) for dynamic motions compared with 71.85% with 12.62% SD for static motions.
Dynamic Weight-Shifting for Improved Maneuverability and Rollover Prevention in High-Speed Mobile Manipulators
Authors: Storms Justin , Tilbury Dawn
Published: June 2016

Mobile manipulators have reduced maneuverability and risk rolling over when operated at high speeds. One of the main contributing factors is the higher center of gravity (CG) due to the manipulator arm. This paper proposes a new dynamic weight-shifting method that uses the manipulator arm on the mobile robot to improve maneuverability and reduce rollover risk. A control law is developed such that the manipulator arm keeps a low CG and the contribution of the reaction moments from its inertia is small in comparison to the reaction moments due to gravity. A linear dynamic model is used to analyze the effect of the arm design (link length, mass, etc.) on the roll dynamics. A higher fidelity nonlinear simulation is used to evaluate roll reduction and the impact on handling dynamics. Last, the dynamic weight-shifting method is implemented in hardware. With regard to reducing rollover risk, simulation results from the nonlinear model (NLM) show a 29% reduction in wheel normal load transfer by using the proposed method. In terms of improving maneuverability, experimental results with hardware demonstrate a 13% increase in lateral acceleration when using dynamic weight-shifting. By reducing the vehicle's roll motion, dynamic weight-shifting can increase safe operating speeds and maneuverability.
The Phenomenon of Bubbles Negative Relative Velocity in Vertical Bubbly Jets
Authors: Chahed Jamel , Aouadi Aroua , Rezig Mariem , Bellakhal Ghazi
Published: June 2016

Many experiments demonstrate that the bubble relative (slip) velocities in vertical turbulent sheared bubbly flows are significantly lower than those in quiescent infinite fluid. Moreover, vertical bubbly jet experiments performed by Sun and Faeth (1986, “Structure of Turbulent Bubbly Jets-1. Methods and Centerline Properties,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 12(1), pp. 99–114) indicate that bubble slip velocities have negative values in the high sheared zone near the injector. The present analysis shows that the phenomenon of the slip velocity inversion is associated with the effect of the turbulent part of the interfacial force. A new formulation of the turbulent contribution of the added mass force is proposed. This formulation is analyzed using the vertical bubbly jet experimental data. The results provide evidence that the turbulent contribution of the added mass force is at the origin of the slip velocity reduction and could explain the appearance of the negative values observed in bubbly jet experiments. As a whole, the turbulent contribution of the added mass force which comprises two terms (a nonlinear turbulent term and a convective acceleration term associated to the drift velocity) opposes the action of the gravity and their effect may be high enough to produce negative slip velocities. Taken separately, the two turbulent terms cannot explain the reversal and the reduction of slip through the entire section in the near injection zone of the bubbly jet. The combined effect of the two turbulent terms makes it possible to reproduce slip velocity profiles as observed in the near injection zone.
Investigation of Separation Phenomena in a Radial Pump at Reduced Flow Rate by Large-Eddy Simulation
Authors: Posa Antonio , Lippolis Antonio , Balaras Elias
Published: June 2016

Turbopumps operating at reduced flow rates experience significant separation and backflow phenomena. Although Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approaches proved to be usually able to capture the main flow features at design working conditions, previous numerical studies in the literature verified that eddy-resolving techniques are required in order to simulate the strong secondary flows generated at reduced loads. Here, highly resolved large-eddy simulations (LES) of a radial pump with a vaned diffuser are reported. The results are compared to particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments in the literature. The main focus of the present work is to investigate the separation and backflow phenomena occurring at reduced flow rates. Our results indicate that the effect of these phenomena extends up to the impeller inflow: they involve the outer radii of the impeller vanes, influencing significantly the turbulent statistics of the flow. Also in the diffuser vanes, a strong spanwise evolution of the flow has been observed at the reduced load, with reverse flow, located mainly on the shroud side and on the suction side (SS) of the stationary channels, especially near the leading edge of the diffuser blades.
Banking on stool despite an uncertain future
Authors: Amirtha Tina
Published: June 2016

Regulation and commercialization of fecal transplants could make poop providers obsolete.
Genuine research keeps students in science
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: June 2016

University of Texas program boosts STEM retention and graduation rates, study finds.
Systems proteomics of liver mitochondria function
Authors: Williams Evan G. , Wu Yibo , Jha Pooja , Dubuis Sébastien , Blattmann Peter , Argmann Carmen A. , Houten Sander M. , Amariuta Tiffany , Wolski Witold , Zamboni Nicola , Aebersold Ruedi , Auwerx Johan
Published: June 2016

Expanded proteomic analysis of metabolism

Combined analysis of large data sets characterizing genes, transcripts, and proteins can elucidate biological functions and disease processes. Williams
et al.
report an exceptionally detailed characterization of mitochondrial function in a genetic reference panel of recombinant inbred mice. They measured the metabolic function of nearly 400 mice under various environmental conditions and collected detailed quantitative information from livers of the animals on over 25,000 transcripts. These data were integrated with quantitation of over 2500 proteins and nearly 1000 metabolites. Such analysis showed a frequent lack of correlation of transcript and protein abundance, enabled the identification of genomic variants of mitochondrial enzymes that caused inborn errors in metabolism, and revealed two genes that appear to function in cholesterol metabolism.

Science
, this issue p.
10.1126/science.aad0189
Capture of a third Mg
2+
is essential for catalyzing DNA synthesis
Authors: Gao Yang , Yang Wei
Published: June 2016

A hit-and-run metal ion

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that uses existing DNA as a template to build new DNA by adding new nucleotides to the end of the newly forming daughter strand. The enzyme mechanism that catalyzes formation of a phosphodiester bond is known to require two Mg
2+
ions, and recent crystal structures have shown that a third metal ion is present after bond formation. Gao
et al.
used time-resolved crystallography to visualize bond formation. The enzyme-substrate complex captures a third cation before bond formation occurs, and DNA synthesis cannot occur without the third metal ion. Binding of this metal ion requires thermal motion of the enzyme-substrate complex, so that catalysis is achieved by acquiring a transient cofactor.

Science
, this issue p.
1334
Prospective representation of navigational goals in the human hippocampus
Authors: Brown Thackery I. , Carr Valerie A. , LaRocque Karen F. , Favila Serra E. , Gordon Alan M. , Bowles Ben , Bailenson Jeremy N. , Wagner Anthony D.
Published: June 2016

Brain activity to represent the future

How do humans navigate from A to B? Brown
et al.
developed a virtual reality task to investigate the neural representations that support human navigational planning. Highly specific activity of the hippocampus and related brain areas represented the future locations to which participants eventually moved. Network-level interactions of the hippocampus with the prefrontal cortex thus enable flexible representation of planned destinations.

Science
, this issue p.
1323
Deeper penetration of large earthquakes on seismically quiescent faults
Authors: Jiang Junle , Lapusta Nadia
Published: June 2016

A microseismic turn off

Certain strike-slip faults do not have the expected number of microearthquakes between larger earthquakes. Jiang and Lapusta suggest that this behavior is down to what the last big earthquake looked like. They found that microseismicity turns off if an earthquake's rupture runs deeper than the fault's locking depth. This appears to be the case along the famous San Andreas Fault and also along other strike-slip faults around the world. The discovery may allow for better estimates of historic earthquake magnitudes and improve hazard assessments.

Science
, this issue p.
1293
Fifth-order susceptibility unveils growth of thermodynamic amorphous order in glass-formers
Authors: Albert S. , Bauer Th. , Michl M. , Biroli G. , Bouchaud J.-P. , Loidl A. , Lunkenheimer P. , Tourbot R. , Wiertel-Gasquet C. , Ladieu F.
Published: June 2016

Making a critical point about glass

Glasses are often thought of as frozen liquids without long-range order. Albert
et al.
used fifth-order dielectric susceptibility measurements to show that the real reason behind the stiffness of glass is more complicated. Measuring the response of two traditional glass formers to very high electric fields is challenging, but reveals the growth of compact domains across the glass transition. The emerging amorphous order is only weakly dependent on the specific molecular properties, suggesting a more universal governing behavior for making glasses.

Science
, this issue p.
1308
Structural basis of transcription activation
Authors: Feng Yu , Zhang Yu , Ebright Richard H.
Published: June 2016

Transcription activation all about timing

Regulating transcription by RNA polymerase (RNAP) is central to controlling gene expression. Transcription factors influence the activity of the RNAP. Feng
et al.
determined the crystal structure of a bacterial transcription activation complex. The transcription activator protein (TAP) converts the closed RNAP-promoter complex into an open complex through simple stabilizing protein-protein interactions with RNAP. The critical contacts did not go through the RNAP active center or the RNAP clamp. Instead, it seems that the timing of the interaction during transcription complex formation is critical for activation.

Science
, this issue p.
1330
A highly efficient directional molecular white-light emitter driven by a continuous-wave laser diode
Authors: Rosemann Nils W. , Eußner Jens P. , Beyer Andreas , Koch Stephan W. , Volz Kerstin , Dehnen Stefanie , Chatterjee Sangam
Published: June 2016

Converting infrared into visible

There is a constant societal drive to develop new light sources that are both efficient and environmentally benign. Rosemann
et al.
developed an amorphous material that emits a broadband (warm white) spectrum of light upon excitation with an infrared laser via highly nonlinear processes. Inorganic nanocrystals form the core of their material and are coated with organic ligands on the surface. When excited with infrared light, nonlinear optical processes cause the material to emit broadband white light.

Science
, this issue p.
1301
A federated ecosystem for sharing genomic, clinical data
Authors:   The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health*
Published: June 2016

Silos of genome data collection are being transformed into seamlessly connected, independent systems
Zebrafish models of idiopathic scoliosis link cerebrospinal fluid flow defects to spine curvature
Authors: Grimes D. T. , Boswell C. W. , Morante N. F. C. , Henkelman R. M. , Burdine R. D. , Ciruna B.
Published: June 2016

Altered fluid flow causes curved spine

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is characterized by three-dimensional spinal curves and affects 3% of the world's children. However, the biological basis of this condition is unclear. Grimes
et al.
studied zebrafish models that likewise display a curved spine. Defects in the formation and function of motile cilia in the central nervous system perturbed the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), leading to abnormal spinal curvatures as the fish grew. Curves could be partially rescued by restoring CSF flow, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies if the same mechanism is shared in humans.

Science
, this issue p.
1341
Copper-catalyzed asymmetric addition of olefin-derived nucleophiles to ketones
Authors: Yang Yang , Perry Ian B. , Lu Gang , Liu Peng , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: June 2016

Olefins enlisted to attack ketones

The reaction of C=O groups in ketones with organometallic compounds is a common method to form carbon-carbon bonds. One drawback to this approach, however, is that the organometallics, such as magnesium-derived Grignard reagents, are difficult to handle and susceptible to side reactions. Yang
et al.
present an alternative method, whereby a copper catalyst activates stable olefins (C=C double bonds) to attack ketones at room temperature. An added silane functions as a reducing agent, and a chiral phosphine ligand renders the reaction highly enantioselective.

Science
, this issue p.
144
A vacuum flash–assisted solution process for high-efficiency large-area perovskite solar cells
Authors: Li Xiong , Bi Dongqin , Yi Chenyi , Décoppet Jean-David , Luo Jingshan , Zakeeruddin Shaik Mohammed , Hagfeldt Anders , Grätzel Michael
Published: June 2016

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) currently attract enormous research interest because of their high solar-to-electric power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low fabrication costs, but their practical development is hampered by difficulties in achieving high performance with large-size devices. We devised a simple vacuum flash–assisted solution processing method to obtain shiny, smooth, crystalline perovskite films of high electronic quality over large areas. This enabled us to fabricate solar cells with an aperture area exceeding 1 square centimeter, a maximum efficiency of 20.5%, and a certified PCE of 19.6%. By contrast, the best certified PCE to date is 15.6% for PSCs of similar size. We demonstrate that the reproducibility of the method is excellent and that the cells show virtually no hysteresis. Our approach enables the realization of highly efficient large-area PSCs for practical deployment.
Three catalysts for activating carbon-hydrogen bonds
Authors: Fruit Corinne
Published: June 2016

A general approach merges photoredox-mediated hydrogenatom transfer and nickel catalysis to make C–C bonds
Outsourcing the immune response to cancer
Authors: Yadav Mahesh , Delamarre Lélia
Published: June 2016

Healthy donors provide T cells that target neoantigens in cancer patients