bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH POLA PENGERINGAN TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN KUALITAS MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN NILAM (Pogostemon calbin Benth)
Authors: Chotimah Husnul , Yanuar Vita , Noor Sikin M
Published: October 2023

The nilam plant (Pogostemon Calbin Benth) is a type of plant that has fibrous roots that can live in upland and lowland areas. Nilam will grow well at an altitude of 10 to 400 meters above sea level. The spread of patchouli in South Kalimantan covers the Bati-Bati District and Pelaihari Regency. Nilam (Pogostemon Calbin Benth) contains patchouli alcohol which is used as a binder for fragrance ingredients. This study aims to determine the yield and quality of essential oil from nilam (Pogostemon Calbin Benth) using water and steam distillation methods in various leaf drying patterns. This research was initiated by drying the material and then distilling it to obtain essential oils. Laboratory tests for the content of chemical compounds were carried out at the Agricultural Research and Development Center, Research Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Bogor to determine the levels of cineol and patchouli alcohol. Laboratory tests showed the highest cineol content in fresh material (77.4%) and the highest patchouli alcohol in sun-dried material (22.95%). Tumbuhan nilam (Pogostemon Calbin Benth) merupakan jenis tanaman yang memiliki akar serabut yang dapat hidup di daerah dataran tinggi dan rendah. Nilam akan tumbuh baik pada ketinggian 10 sampai 400 meter di permukaan laut. Penyebaran nilam di Kalimantan Selatan meliputi wilayah Kecamatan Bati-Bati dan Kabupaten Pelaihari. Nilam (Pogostemon Calbin Benth) memiliki kandungan patchouli alkohol yang digunakan sebagai pengikat bahan-bahan pewangi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui rendemen dan kualitas minyak atsiri dari tumbuhan Nilam (Pogostemon Calbin Benth) dengan metode penyulingan air dan uap (water and steam destillation) dalam berbagai pola pengeringan daun. Penelitian ini diawali dengan melakukan pengeringan bahan kemudian penyulingan  untuk memperoleh minyak atsiri. Uji Laboratorium kandungan senyawa kimia dilakukan di Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatika Bogor untuk mengetahui kadar sineol dan Patchouli alkohol. Menunjukkan hasil kadar sineol tertinggi pada bahan segar (77,4%) dan patchouli alkohol tertinggi pada bahan kering matahari (22,95%).
INVENTARISASI JENIS KUPU-KUPU DI RESORT MASIHULAN TAMAN NASIONAL MANUSELA
Authors: Br. Ginting Rita Utami , Latupapua Lesly , Pattinasarany C K
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis serta famili dan dominansi jenis kupu-kupu. Guna pencapaian tujuan tersebut maka metode yang digunakan, yaitu metode IPA (Index Ponctualle de’Abondance) disesuaikan dengan lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 42 jenis kupu-kupu termasuk jantan dan betina yang tersebar dalam 7 famili antara lain: Nymphalidae, Peridae, Papilionidae, Erebidae, Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae, Geometridae. Jenis yang mendominasi yaitu famili Nymphalidae dari 20 jenis kupu-kupu. Indeks keragaman pada jalur 1 yaitu 3.296, jalur 2 2.950, jalur 3.074, jalur 4 3.067, jalur 5 2.898. Indeks dominansi 0.047 pada jalur 1, 0.071 pada jalur 2, 0.059 pada jalur 3, 0.052 pada jalur 4, dan 0.074 pada jalur 5.
SIFAT FISIK BIODEGRADABLE POT (BIOPOT) DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis gueneensis), ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes), GAMAL (Gliricidia maculata), PUPUK ORGANIK DAN PEREKAT TAPIOKA
Authors: Indrianti Endras , Rahmadi Adi , Thamrin Gusti Abdul Rahmat
Published: October 2023

The amount and type of plastic waste type in each country. Indonesia’s waste according to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry is 175,000 tons/day including 15% plastic waste. Nursery activities in the forestry and plantation sectors in providing mass seedlings still use plastic-based polybags.  The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical properties of biodegradable pots (biopots) from oil palm empty bunches, hyacinth, gamal leaf, organic fertilizers and tapioca adhesives. The research method used was a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with 3 treatments with 3 repeats so that the number of samples was 9 biodegradable pots. The test results of the physical properties of the biodegradable pot obtained are water content tests ranging from 9.85%-11.41%, the range of water absorption test values ranges from 136.42%-147.87%.The best treatment for the biodegradable pot water content test was found in the P3 treatment the lowest water content of 9.85% and the highest water absorption of 147.87%.Sampah plastik yang jumlah dan jenis berbeda-beda di setiap negara. Negara Indonesia menurut data kementrian KLHK 175.000 ton/hari termasuk sampah plastik 15%. Kegiatan persemaian dalam sektor kehutanan maupun perkebunan dalam penyediaan bibit massal masih menggunakan polybag yang berbahan dasar plastik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis sifat fisik biodegradable pot dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit, eceng gondok, daun gamal, pupuk organik dan perekat tapioka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 kali perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan sehingga jumlah sampel 9 biopot. Hasil pengujian sifat fisik biopot yang diperoleh yaitu uji kadar air berkisar antara 9,85%-11,41%, kisaran nilai uji daya serap air berkisar antara 136,42%-147,87%. Perlakuan terbaik uji kadar air biopot terdapat pada perlakuan P3 dengan kadar air terendah 9,85% dan daya serap air tertinggi 147,87%
PERBANDINGAN BIAYA DAN PENDAPATAN POLA AGROFORESTRI DARI ANGGOTA DAN BUKAN ANGGOTA KUPS AGROFORESTRI DI DESA NALUI KECAMATAN JARO
Authors: Safitri Hariyati , Itta Daniel , Asysyifa Asysyifa
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze income cost and benefit of agroforestry patterns from member and non-members Social Forestry Business Group (SFBG) in Nalui Village, Jaro Distric. This research was conducted in Nalui Village, Jaro District by taking a sensus sample of 13 SFBG members and 15 respondentswho ware not SFBG members using a quantitativemethode based on a structure list of  question (questuonnaires). The largest costcomparison is found inrespondents who are not SFBG member of Rp.4.715,361.00/year, the largest income and profit is found in agroforestry SFBG members, which are Rp. 17.731.795,00/year and Rp.22.447.157.00Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis biaya pendpataan dan keuntungan pola agroforestri dari anggota dan bukan anggota Kelompok Usaha Perhutanan Sosial (KUPS) agroforestri di Desa Nalui Kecamatan Jaro. Penelitian ini dilakasanakan di Desa Nalui Kecamatan Jaro dengan pengambilan sampel secara sensus 13 anggota KUPS dan secara sengaja 15 reponden bukan anggota KUPS menggunakan metode kuantitatif berdasarkan daftar pertanyaan terstruktur (kuesioner). Perbandingan biaya terbesar terdapat pada responden bukan  anggota KUPS sebesar Rp.4.715.361,00/tahun, perbandingan pendapatan dan keuntungan terbesar terdapat pada anggota KUPS agroforestri yaitu  sebesar Rp.17.731.795,00/tahun dan Rp.22.447.157,00
CHARACTERIZATION OF CORN STARCH EDIBLE FILMS BY THE ADDITION OF CHITOSAN AS A VEGETABLE OIL PACKAGING MATERIAL
Authors: Wicakso Doni Rahmat , Fortuna Dwi , Hernadin Ivan Aldino
Published: October 2023

Abstract - Vegetable oil packaging materials use a type of synthetic polymer that is harmful to the body and the environment. Edible film as an environmentally friendly packaging material can be a solution for vegetable oil packaging material. Edible films are made from natural ingredients such as starch and chitosan. The objective of this study is to determine the best conditions of addition of chitosan in making edible film in terms of its physio-chemicals and determine the best glycerol concentration in terms of its physical properties. The composition of raw materials in the form of corn starch is 5 grams and the composition of chitosan is (0,5%, 1% and 1,5% b/v). Glycerol concentrations vary in (4%, 5% and 6% v/v). the result of the analysis of the physical properties of the edible film through the analysis of the physical tensile strength test, namely the best composition on the addition of 1 gr chitosan as well as the elongation analysis at termination. Analysis of the solubility of the edible film at a concentration of 1 gr as well the analysis of water vapor permeability. Whereas the analysis of the best antioxidant capacity in the composition of chitosan is 1,5 gr. Keywords: corn starch, chitosan, edible film
Tantangan Pendidikan Sosiologi Di Era Industri 4.0
Authors: Hamsah Hamsah , Sidik Sangputri , Mesra Romi , Nur Rahmat
Published: October 2023

This article is a study that highlights the various problems and challenges faced by the sociology education discipline in the Industrial 4.0 era. Included in it is to see the existence of sociology education in the midst of the current globalization. The method used in this writing is the method of literature by collecting various relevant research results. The conclusion of this study is that era 4.0 presents challenges to sociology education while providing opportunities if it is managed properly. Among the challenges are developments in information and communication technology, learning methods and curriculum changes.
ANALISIS METODE PENERJEMAHAN DESKRIPSI LATAR BELAKANG HERO CADIA RIVERLANDS DAN VONETIS ISLANDS DALAM GAME MOBILE LEGENDS
Authors: Margono Livia Dwi Oktavianti , Delijar Ressi Maulidina
Published: October 2023

Saat ini game banyak diminati oleh berbagai kalangan orang, mulai dari anak kecil hingga orang dewasa. Dalam game banyak karakter atau hero yang menarik dan bisa dimainkan, salah satunya adalah game mobile legends. Mobile legends merupakan game online asal Cina yang digemari oleh pemain dari berbagai negara salah satunya Indonesia. Game ini digemari karena memiliki banyak hero dengan kemampuan khusus yang memiliki latar belakang menarik. Penelitian ini membahas analisis metode penerjemahan yang digunakan dalam latar belakang hero Cadia Riverlands dan Vonetis Islands dalam game Mobile Legends. Jenis penilitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian analisis deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode catat hasil pengamatan.Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis adalah teori metode penerjemahan Newmark (1988). Hasil dari data yang dianalisis ditemukan 25 hero Mobile Legends, 14 hero Cadia Riverlands, dan 11 hero Vonetis Islands. Dari 8 metode penerjemahan, pada latar belakang hero Cadia Riverlands dan Vonetis Islands dalam Mobile Legends hanya ditemukan 2 metode penerjemahan yang digunakan yaitu, 18 kalimat menggunakan metode penerjemahan bebas dan 7 kalimat menggunakan metode penerjemahan komunikatif.

Kata Kunci : metode penerjemahan, deskripsi, game, Mobile Legends.
Granting Priority Rights and Compensation to Owners of Destroyed Land
Authors: Permana Tri Cahya Indra , Handayani Sri Wahyu , Mohd Kamilah Wati bt
Published: October 2023

Soil possesses unique properties. This is due to the fact that, on one hand, land is a non-biological resource, implying that it cannot naturally regenerate in abundance. This research aims to analyze the significance of granting priority right and compensation to owners of destroyed land. This research adopts normative legal research approach. The result of this research reveals that the Regulation of the Minister of ATR/Head of BPN Number 17 of 2021 was issued to regulate the procedure for determining the destruction of land. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court opines that Article 15 paragraph (1) of the regulation fails to uphold a sense of justice and is contrary to higher laws and regulations.Keywords: Granting Priority Rights, Compensation, Owner of Destroyed Land.
Keanekaragaman Makrozoobentos di Sungai Mengaji, Banyumas
Authors: Samudra Sesilia Rani , Humanica Anyelir Putri , Putri Desta Fatma , Jasttin Jasttin , Hilaliyah Sayyidah Nurul , Kusuma Putra Zulfandi , Lupitasari Yulina Dwi , Azizah Ilma Arviani
Published: October 2023

Sungai Mengaji merupakan sungai di Kabupaten Banyumas yang terindikasi tercemar limbah organik yang berasal dari pemukiman warga di sekitar sungai. Akibat pencemaran yang terjadi di Sungai Mengaji akan berdampak pada keberadaan biota di dalamnya seperti makrozoobentos. Keanekaragaman makrozoobentos akan mengalami perubahan dibandingkan dengan perairan yang tidak tercemar, hal tersebut karena makrozoobentos memiliki sifat yang relatif menetap dengan pergerakan yang sangat terbatas sehingga akan terkena dampak langsung terhadap pencemaran. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua kali pengulangan pada bulan Maret dan April 2023. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman makrozoobentos yang menjadi bioindikator kualitas perairan pada sungai Mengaji Purwokerto. Metode yang digunakan adalah transek kuadrat 1m x 1m. Data penelitian yang dianalisis menggunakan rumus kepadatan makrozoobentos, indeks keanekaragaman (H’) dan Indeks dominansi (D). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan jenis berkisar 1-14 ind/m2, keanekaragaman makrozoobentos pada kisaran nilai 0-1,73 dan dominansi dengan nilai 0,18-1. Berdasarkan indeks keanekaragaman makrozoobentos di Sungai Mengaji memiliki keanekaragaman dengan rata-rata tercemar sedang.
The Condition of Acidity, Phosphate, And Nitrate in Indonesian Waters
Authors: Valdany Faeza A. , Ihsan Yudi N , Yuliadi Lintang PS , Purba Noir P
Published: October 2023

This research aimed to observe the trend of acidity, nitrate, and phosphate in the Indonesia seas associated with oceanography. Analysis was done by looking at the horizontal condition from main data (acidity, nitrate, and phosphate) and ancillary data (temperature) seasonally in three-layer of depths (0 m, 50 m, and 100 m) for years 2015 using data model of INDESO. The result showed that pattern of acidity, nitrate, and phosphate vary every season. In the upper layer (up to 100 meters), acidity condition ranges from 7.5 to 8, nitrate around 0.01 – 15 mmol N m-3, and phosphate around 0.001 – 1.6 mmol P m-3. The value of acidity is getting lower with depth whereas the nitrate and phosphate values increased with depth. The change in acidity, nitrates and phosphate every season indicates that the monsoon also influences the spread of pH, nitrate and phosphate.Keywords: ocean currents, Indonesia throughflow, sea surface temperature, climate changehate.Â
The Suitable Sites for Seagrass Transplantation in Lae-Lae Island and Sandbar According to Sediment Characteristics
Authors: Lanuru Mahatma , Patandianan Priska Bungaran , Wahidin Caesar Islami , Permatasari Permatasari
Published: October 2023

The success of a seagrass transplantation effort depends on identifying locations with optimal sediment characteristics for seagrass growth and survival. This study analyzed sediment characteristics of seagrass bed sediment and adjacent unvegetated sediment on Lae-Lae Island and Lae-Lae sandbar (Makassar, South Sulawesi) to determine the suitable sites for seagrass transplantation. Seagrass bed sediments and adjacent unvegetated sediments were collected from four locations to measure sediment particle size, redox potential, organic matter, water content, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations. Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) was performed using PAST (Paleontological Statistics) software to determine a suitable site for seagrass planting (transplantation). The results show that surface sediments in the Lae-Lae island are composed of medium sand and coarse sand with grain sizes varying from 0.290 to 0.768 mm, whereas in the Lae-Lae sandbar, the sediment is composed of medium sands (0.371 – 0.460 mm). Redox potential (Eh) varied from -34.1 to -65.7mV, water contents were 1.3 to 1.8%, organic contents were 19.85 to 38.53%, nitrate content varied from 0.60 to 3.47, and phosphate content varied from 7.42 to 14.19 ppm. The percentage of mud (clay and silt) and organic matter were slightly higher in seagrass bed sediments compared to unvegetated area sediments. No differences in nutrient contents (nitrate and phosphate) between seagrass sediments and unvegetated were observed in this study. ANOSIM results show no difference in the sediment characteristics between a seagrass bed and unvegetated sand at the north and south sides of Lae-Lae Island and Lae-Lae sandbar, which means that these three sites are suitable for seagrass transplantation.Keywords: sediment, seagrass, transplantation, site selection, ANOSIM, Lae-Lae
One Health: potential synergy between infectious and toxic agents. The case of COVID-19
Authors: Herkovits Jorge
Published: October 2023

Although the relationship between environmental toxicity and infectious diseases is poorly studied, it is probably more common than is recognized, since the chemical substances could be associated with pre-existing pathologies. For example, some conditions that influence the progression of COVID-19 could have toxicological causes such as cancer, endocrine, neurological, and inflammatory disorders, kidney failure, etc. This contribution highlights that SARS-CoV-2 and some high-volume organic and inorganic chemicals could also exert dysfunctions in the same homeostatic regulators such as HIF-1 and ACE2, with a potential synergistic effect that could affect the severity of COVID-19. This potential synergy is illustrated with adverse effects acquired through bioassays performed with free-living vertebrate embryos indicating that their use as sentinel organisms for environmental contamination could be beneficial both for the ecosystem and human health.
Bond Strength of Low-Viscosity Bulk-Fill Composite and Adhesives Using 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate (10-Mdp)
Authors: KATTA PRASHANTH KUMAR , M.S. Dr. Mallikarjun Telsang , Shiroorkar Dr Pradeep Kumar Narayanappa
Published: October 2023

Conclusion: When applied to the air-abraded Filtek™ Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative composite surface, 10-MDP-containing adhesives perform better than 10-MDP-free adhesives. The binding strength was unaffected by the 10-MDP-containing adhesives' chemical makeup. The bond strength endurance of adhesives containing 10-MDP decreases with age. Keywords: keyword 1; keyword 2; keywords: low-viscosity bulk fill composite, universal adhesives, self-etch adhesive, 10-MDP, aging, bond strength.
Neural and Psychological Interplay of Emotion, Attention, and Behavior: A Mini-Review
Authors: Sergeivich Alexander , Akhemtova Serik , Rakhmatova Elena
Published: October 2023

This review explores the complex interrelationships between emotion, attention, and behavior, drawing upon empirical evidence from psychological, neuroscientific, and clinical studies. It delves into the neural mechanisms that underlie these interactions, with a focus on key brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Clinical cases involving stroke and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are examined to illustrate the real-world implications of these cognitive interactions. The review also discusses the impact of effective emotion regulation strategies and the role of attention as a cognitive mechanism that influences both emotion and behavior. Neuroimaging studies, particularly functional MRI, are highlighted for their role in providing a deeper understanding of these intricate relationships. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of this triadic relationship in adaptive functioning and its broader implications for mental health, interpersonal relationships, and quality of life.
Coping Strategies in Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology
Authors: Theodoratou Maria
Published: October 2023

The primary focus of this review is to explore the application and significance of coping strategies within the domains of clinical psychology and neuropsychology. These strategies consist of a variety of techniques, behaviors, and cognitive interventions, and their critical role in reinforcing resilience and facilitating adaptive responses to stressors has been highlighted. At the core of this exploration, the intricate neuropsychological relationship between brain stress pathways and the application of coping mechanisms has been analyzed. The neural aspects of stress, and how they can be influenced by adaptive strategies, are detailed, illustrating the profound impact these coping mechanisms have at a neurobiological level.

Delving into the neuropsychological underpinnings, this review will shed light on how stress response pathways in the brain interact with, and can be modulated by, various coping strategies. These mechanisms are particularly salient when addressing the multifaceted challenges faced by individuals with neuropsychological or mental health issues. While these strategies span a broad spectrum, from introspection and cognitive reframing to behavioral activation and social support seeking, their integration and application remain diverse within clinical contexts. This review endeavors to elucidate the theoretical underpinnings of these strategies, their empirical support, and their practical implications within therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, the intricate interplay between individualized coping techniques and structured therapeutic methodologies will be examined, emphasizing the potential for a holistic treatment paradigm, thereby enhancing therapeutic outcomes and fostering individual resilience.
Advances in DNA Methylation Testing For Triage and Followup of Cervical Precancer
Authors: Lorincz Attila T , Wu Qun-Ying , Lu Ru-Juan , Zhu Xu-Jin
Published: October 2023

Human papillomavirus testing is increasingly central to screening programs for cervical cancer. Although HPV testing has excellent clinical sensitivity it suffers from modest clinical specificity. Cytology has taken an important role as a triage test, while more recently HPV16/18 genotyping has provided modest incremental benefits. Despite such progress issues remain to be addressed, some of which are how to: 1) improve access to the best methods, 2) decrease costs so more women can be screened, 3) simplify management algorithms, 4) Recognize the evolving diagnostic landscape created by widespread HPV vaccination. Part of the solution lies in improving the positive predictive value of the initial screen and reflex triage. An aspirational goal should be that most women attending colposcopy have true precancer; DNA methylation testing has a role to play here. Cervical cancers and CIN2/3 generally have high levels of methylation in target human and HPV genes. In contrast normal and healthy women with no intraepithelial lesions or malignancy usually have low methylation. Furthermore, there is an interesting and useful secular gradient of increasing cervical DNA methylation as women progress toward precancer and cancer. Recent results from clinical studies using commercially available routine qPCR-based DNA methylation tests have been encouraging, demonstrating the potential for higher sensitivity and specificity than current triage methods.
Overview and Prevention of Complications During Biportal Endoscopic Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Lee Sang Yoon , Shin Dong Ah , Yi Seong , Ha Yoon , Kim Keung Nyun , Lee Chang Kyu
Published: October 2023

Unilateral biportal endoscopic spine surgery (UBESS) is a minimally invasive surgical technique that has gained popularity for its potential benefits in various spinal lesions. It involves 2 small incisions, providing wide and clear endoscopic visualization, and causes less soft tissue damage than open surgery. UBESS offers flexibility and versatility in approaching different spinal disorders, including decompression of the spinal cord and root in the cervical or thoracic spine, as well as lumbar discectomy and spinal stenosis. One of the strengths of UBESS is its similarity to microscopic techniques, allowing for 2-handed endoscopic surgery. This familiarity makes it easier for surgeons to adopt endoscopic techniques and overcome the learning curve associated with spine endoscopy. However, some potential complications are associated with biportal endoscopic spine surgery, including dural tear, epidural hematoma, infection, incomplete surgery, and neural injury. Although the overall incidence of these complications is relatively low, it is important for clinicians to be aware of them and understand preventive methods.
Attosecond dynamics of photoemission over a wide photon energy range
Authors: Schröder Christian , Riemensberger Johann , Kuzian Roman , Ossiander Marcus , Potamianos Dyonisios , Allegrett Francesco , Bignardi Luca , Lizzit Silvano , Akil Ayman , Cavalieri Adrian , Menzel Dietrich , Neppl Stefan , Ernstorfer Raph , Braun Jürgen , Ebert Hubert , Minar Jan , Helml Wolfram , Jobst Michael , Gerl Michael , Bothschafter Elisabeth , Kim Andreas , Hütten Konrad , Kleineberg Ulf , Schnitzenbaumer Maximilian , Barth Johannes , Feulner Peter , Krasovskii Eugene , Kienberger Reinhard
Published: October 2023

Dynamics of photoemission from surfaces are usually studied at low photon energies (<100 eV). Here, we report on new findings on these dynamics observed at a tungsten surface on the attosecond time scale at photon energies exceeding 100 eV, over a range of almost 50 eV.
While photoemission, a fundamental process in quantum mechanics, is often described within a semiclassical three-step model, we find that even at high photon energies only a full quantum treatment in one step predicts the measured attosecond dynamics correctly. On this time scale the intuitive, mechanistic interpretation of the photoelectric effect breaks down. This underlines the necessity to further develop experimental and theoretical tools to be used in improving our understanding of the fundamental process of light-matter interaction underlying many methods in extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray spectroscopy.
Optimizing livestock farm size to reduce nitrogen loss in China
Authors: Gu Baojing , Cheng Luxi , Zhang Xiuming , Zhu Zhiping , Wang Chen , Ren Chenchen , Reis Stefan
Published: October 2023

The size of livestock production in farming is an important factor influencing management strategies, and ultimately affects nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen emissions. Here, by using data from 390,000 farms covering four major livestock animal types across China in 2017, we investigate the relationship between the NUE, nitrogen losses and livestock farm size. Our results show that NUE increases with farm size for all livestock types, while nitrogen losses and manure recycling ratios vary between different livestock types, highlighting the need for tailored management strategies. By optimizing farm size through consolidation or splitting of farms for the specific livestock species at the county scale, while maintaining a constant level of feed supply, China would increase manure recycling to croplands by 6%, increase livestock production by 3% and reduce nitrogen losses by 259,000 tonnes (14%), which could bring notable benefits to environmental protection and food security.
KIF1C activates and extends dynein movement through the FHF cargo adaptor
Authors: Straube Anne , Ali Ferdos Abid , Zwetsloot Alexander , Stone Caroline , Morgan Tomos , Wademan Richard , Carter Andrew
Published: October 2023

Cellular cargos move bidirectionally on microtubules due to the presence of opposite polarity motors dynein and kinesin. Many studies show these motors are co-dependent, whereby one requires the activity of the other, although the mechanism is unknown. Here, using in vitro motility assays, we show that the kinesin-3 KIF1C acts both as an activator and a processivity factor for dynein. Activation only requires a fragment of the non-motor tail of KIF1C (KIF1C-stalk) to bind the cargo adaptor HOOK3. Cryo-EM, crosslinking mass spectrometry and AlphaFold2 predictions reveal this binding site to be separate from that of two constitutive factors (FTS and FHIP), which link HOOK3 to small G-proteins on cargos. We provide a structural model for how the FTS-HOOK3-FHIP1B (FHF) complex is auto-inhibited and explain how the KIF1C-stalk relieves this inhibition. Collectively, our work provides a molecular explanation for co-dependency by revealing that the mutual activation of dynein and kinesin is mediated through their shared adaptor. Many adaptors bind both dynein and kinesins, suggesting this mechanism could be generalised to other bidirectional complexes.
Combining degree centrality and betweenness centrality of molecular networks can effectively pinpoint individuals at high risk of HIV transmission within the network
Authors: Gan Wen , Zhao Bin , Song Wei , Kang Mingming , Dong Xue , Li Xin , Wang Lu , Liu Jianmin , Ding Haibo , Chu Zhenxing , Wang Lin , Tian Wen , Shang Hong , Han Xiaoxu
Published: October 2023

Background. HIV molecular network technology can identify HIV transmission hotspots and individuals at risk of HIV transmission, facilitating precise and targeted interventions. This study explored the molecular network parameters, namely degree centrality (DC) and betweenness centrality (BC), to effectively pinpoint individuals at high risk of HIV transmission within the network.
Methods. HIV pol gene and demographic and clinical information were collected from a whole-population sampling cohort comprising all newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLWH) in Shenyang, from 2016 to 2019. Molecular networks were constructed, and three groups were identified based on DC and BC: high DC group (>the median DC), high BC group (>the mean BC), and high DC+BC group (both >the median DC and >the mean BC). The average risk of HIV transmission was calculated by dividing the total probability of recent HIV infections (identified by HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA) by the number of cases in each group. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the characteristics of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the three groups.
Results. Of the 2882 PLWH, 1162 were included in the molecular network. The median DC and the mean BC of all nodes were 3 (range: 1-28) and 0.09 (range: 0-1), respectively. The average risk of HIV transmission was highest in the high DC+BC group (n=92) at 0.49, followed by the high BC group (n=201) at 0.37, and the high DC group (n=169) at 0.29. The characteristics of MSM with high DC+BC overlapped with those of MSM with high DC (low education levels, P=0.031) and MSM with high BC (unemployed, P=0.027 and high baseline viral load[≥105copies/mL], P=0.003).
Conclusion. The combined utilization of DC and BC can effectively identify individuals at high risk of HIV transmission, enabling precisely targeted interventions using molecular network technology.
Noncovalent Synthesis of Homo and Hetero-Architectures of Supramolecular Polymers via Secondary Nucleation
Authors: Kotagiri Venkata Rao , Kotha Srinu , Sahu Rahul , Yadav Aditya , Sharma Preeti , B.V.V.S Pavan , Reddy Sandeep
Published: October 2023

The synthesis of supramolecular polymers (SPs) with controlled architecture is a grand challenge in supramolecular chemistry. Although living supramolecular polymerization (LSP) via primary nucleation has been extensively studied for controlling the supramolecular polymerization of small molecules, the resulting SPs have typically exhibited one-dimensional (1D) morphology. In this report, we present the synthesis of intriguing SP architectures through a secondary nucleation event, a mechanism well-established in protein aggregation and the crystallization of small molecules. To achieve this, we selected perylene diimide with 2-ethylhexyl chains (2EH-PDI) at the imide position and stabilized its dormant monomers in solution. Activating these dormant monomers via mechanical stimuli (self-seeding) and hetero-seeding using propoxyethyl PDI (PE-PDI) seeds, secondary nucleation event takes over, leading to the formation of 3D spherical spherulites and scarf-like SP heterostructures, respectively. Therefore, the results presented in this study propose a simple molecular design for synthesizing well-defined SP architectures via secondary nucleation.
Causality between various cytokines and asthma: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zheng Yansen , Chen Qi , Shi Xiaqing , Lei Lei , Wang Donglin
Published: October 2023

Background
Many studies have shown that cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, but their biological effects on asthma remain unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) method was used to evaluate the causal relationship between various cytokines (such as interleukins(ILs), interferons (IFNs), tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), colony-stimulating factors༈CSFs༉, transforming growth factor (TGF), etc.) and asthma.
Methods
In this study, inverse variance weighting was used to evaluate the causal relationship between asthma and cytokines. In addition, the reliability of the results is ensured by multiple methods such as MR-Egger, weighted median, MR-Raps, MR-Presso, and RadialMR, as well as sensitivity analysis.
Results
The results showed that none of the 11 cytokines was associated with the risk of asthma. In contrast, asthma can increase levels of IL-5 ( OR = 1.112, 95% CI 1.009–1.224, P = 0.032) and IL-9 ( OR = 1.111, 95% CI 1.013–1.219, P = 0.025).
Conclusions
Genetically predicted asthma was positively associated with elevated levels of IL-5 and IL-9. This indicates the downstream effects of IL-5 and IL-9 on asthma, and the design of treatments targeting IL-5 and IL-9 to prevent asthma exacerbations.
Novel putative causal mutations associated with fat traits in Nellore cattle uncovered by eQTLs located in open chromatin regions
Authors: Garcia Ingrid Soares , Silva-Vignato Bárbara , Cesar Aline Silva Mello , Petrini Juliana , Silva Vinicius Henrique da , Morosini Natália Silva , Goes Carolina Purcell , Afonso Juliana , Silva Thaís Ribeiro da , Lima Beatriz Delcarme , Clemente Luan Gaspar , Regitano Luciana Correia de Almeida , Mourão Gerson Barreto , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann
Published: October 2023

Intramuscular fat (IMF) and backfat thickness (BFT) are critical economic traits impacting meat quality. However, the genetic variants controlling these traits need to be better understood. To advance the knowledge in this area, we integrated RNA-seq and SNPs identified in genomic and transcriptomic data to generate a linkage disequilibrium filtered panel of 553,581 variants. eQTL analysis revealed 36,916 cis-eQTLs and 14,408 trans-eQTLs. Association analysis resulted in three eQTLs associated with BFT and 24 with IMF. Functional enrichment analysis of genes regulated by these 27 eQTLs revealed noteworthy pathways, such as immune response, cytoskeleton remodeling, iron transport, and phospholipid metabolism. These pathways can play a fundamental role in lipid metabolism and fat deposition. We next used ATAC-Seq assay to identify and overlap eQTL and open chromatin regions. Six eQTLs were in regulatory regions, four in predicted insulators and possible CCCTC-binding factor DNA binding sites, one in an active enhancer region, and the last in a low signal region. Our results provided novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of IMF and BFT, unraveling putative regulatory variants.
Oxidative damage and cell cycle delay induced by vanadium(III) in human cells
Authors: Alcántara-Mejía Víctor Alan , Rodríguez-Mercado Juan José , Mateos-Nava Rodrigo Aníbal , Álvarez-Barrera Lucila , Santiago-Osorio Edelmiro , Bonilla-González Edmundo , Altamirano-Lozano Mario Agustín
Published: October 2023

Vanadium (V) is a metal that can enter the environment through natural routes or anthropogenic activity. In the atmosphere, V is present as V oxides, among which vanadium(III) oxide (V2O3) stands out. Cytogenetic studies show that V2O3 is genotoxic and cytostatic and induces DNA damage; however, the molecular mechanisms leading to these effects have not been fully explored. Therefore, we used human peripheral blood lymphocytes treated in vitro and evaluated the effects of V2O3 on the phases of the cell cycle, the expression of molecules that control the cell cycle and detect DNA damage, and the induction of oxidative stress. The results reveal that V2O3 does not produce changes in cell viability at the concentrations (2, 4, 8 or 16 µg/mL) and exposure time (24 h) used. However, V2O3 modifies the percentage of G1 and S phase cells in the cell cycle, decreases the expression of mRNA in their respective proteins (cyclin D, cyclin E, cdk2 and cdk4) and increases the expression of γH2AX and the levels of reactive oxygen species. The ability of V2O3 to cause cell cycle delay in G1-S phase may be associated with a decrease in mRNA cyclin-cdk and its proteins and with intracellular oxidative stress, which may cause DNA double-strand damage and H2AX phosphorylation.
Sovateltide (ILR-1620) improves motor function and reduces hyperalgesia in a rat model of spinal cord injury.
Authors: Mavridis Theodoros , Mavridi Artemis , Karampela Eleftheria , Galanos Antonis , Gkiokas George , Iacovidou Nicoletta , Xanthos Theodoros
Published: October 2023

Background: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) presents a major global health challenge, with rising incidence and substantial disability. While progress has been made in understanding SCI's pathophysiology and early management, there is still a lack of effective treatments to mitigate long-term consequences. This study investigates the potential of sovateltide, a selective endothelin B (ETB) receptor agonist, in improving clinical outcomes in an acute SCI rat model.
Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham surgery (Group A) or spinal cord injury (SCI) and treated with vehicle (Group B) or sovateltide (Group C). Clinical tests, including Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring, inclined plane, and allodynia testing with Von Frey Hair, were performed at various time points. Statistical analyses assessed treatment effects.
Results: Sovateltide administration significantly improved motor function, reducing neurological deficits and enhancing locomotor recovery compared to vehicle-treated rats, starting from day 7 post-injury. Additionally, the allodynic threshold improved, suggesting anti-nociceptive properties. Notably, the sovateltide group demonstrated sustained recovery, and even reaching pre-injury performance levels, while the vehicle group plateaued.
Conclusions: This study suggests that sovateltide may offer neuroprotective effects, enhancing neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Furthermore, it may possess anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties. Future clinical trials are needed to validate these findings, but sovateltide shows promise as a potential therapeutic strategy to improve functional outcomes in SCI. Sovateltide, an ETB receptor agonist, exhibits neuroprotective properties, enhancing motor recovery and ameliorating hyperalgesia in a rat SCI model. These findings could pave the way for innovative pharmacological interventions for SCI in clinical settings.
Design and Performance of Bionic Multi-level Porous Structures Generated by 3D Printing
Authors: zhang guoqing , Li Junxin , Zhou Xiaoyu , Zhou Yongsheng , Xie Juanjuan , Huang Aibing
Published: October 2023

To obtain high-performing biological fixation implants with excellent properties, it is necessary to comprehensively characterize the design method and molding process of new porous structures printed using 3D technology. We adopted parametric modeling to design a bionic multi-level porous structure, evaluated the properties of the porous structure with finite element method, and optimized the design parameters. Finally, the properties of the 3D printed porous structure were characterized by a compression experiment and fractal theory. The results indicate that the porous structure designed by parametric modeling exhibits a good modeling effect. When a traditional porous structure is stressed, the stress mainly concentrates on the longitudinal bar, while the transverse bar is less stressed. In multi-level porous structures, the stress distributions of longitudinal and transverse bars are relatively uniform. No obvious molding defects were detected in the prepared porous structures. The interlaminar fracture mechanism of traditional porous structure is brittle fracture and the fracture mechanism of multi-level porous structure is elastic fracture. The modulus of elasticity and compressive strength increases with the increase of mean pore size and surface-to-volume ratio, and decreases with the increase of porosity. These results present a foundation for 3D printing of high-performing biological fixation implants.
Synergistic Effect of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and Nitrogen Levels on Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) Growth and Yield
Authors: zahoor Ayesha , Ahmed Uzair , Masud Hamza , Bayar Jalal , Ahmad Haseeb , khan Waleed
Published: October 2023

Mung bean holds significance as a vital leguminous crop, cultivated for its nutritional value and economic importance. This research delved into the impacts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and varying nitrogen levels on the growth and yield of mung bean. The study was conducted at the Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI) in Pirsabak, Nowshera, employing RCB design comprising three repeats. Several agronomic and soil parameters were studied. The first factor was nitrogen fixing bacteria having control, Azotobactor, Azospirillum and Rhizobium and the second factor was nitrogen levels having N1 i.e. control (0 kg ha− 1), N2 (30 kg ha− 1) N3 (60 kg ha− 1), and N4 (90 kg ha− 1). The results revealed that emergence m− 2 of mung bean were not significantly affected by either nitrogen fixing bacteria or nitrogen levels. However, all the other parameters were significantly affected by both nitrogen fixing bacteria and nitrogen levels. Yield attributes, including branches plant− 1, plant height, pods plant− 1, seeds pod− 1, nodules plant− 1, thousand seed weight and seed protein were the highest when crop was treated with Rhizobium as compared to other inoculants. Similarly, the highest seed yield was obtained from Rhizobium treatment (842 kg ha− 1) whereas control produced (715 kg ha− 1). Biological yield was also highest with Rhizobium treatment (4277 kg ha− 1) and lowest was recorded for the control (3790 kg ha− 1). As for nitrogen levels, most of the yield attributes improved and recorded statistically similar values when N3 and N4 were administered. For instance, N4 and N3 produced (867 and 846 kg ha− 1, respectively) seed yield that produced significantly higher seed yield than the control (677 kg ha− 1). Similar to this, biological yield was also higher at N4 and N3 producing (4251 and 4236 kg ha− 1, respectively), while plots having no nitrogen recorded lowest biological yield (3740 kg ha− 1). Moreover, soil analysis revealed that soil total nitrogen improved substantially with increasing N dose, while slight changes in soil pH was seen. Hence, it can be inferred that the utilization of Rhizobium in conjunction with a nitrogen application at a rate of (60 kg ha− 1) can potentially enhance growth and yield of the mung bean.
Advanced bifunctional bionic neural network-like architecture constructed by multi-scale carbon nanotubes nanocomposites
Authors: Li Shuaizhen , Xie Tianwen , Ma Lin , Liu Daheng , Huang Nan , Liu Wei , Li Bing , Gai Zhigang , Jiang Xin , Ma Song , Zhang Zhidong
Published: October 2023

Accompanied with challenging to develop bifunctional electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers to enhance the environmental adaptability and survivability of electromagnetic devices in harsh environment, a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical bionic neural network-like architectures decorated multi-scale Ni3Fe@N-doped carbon nanotube composites (Ni3Fe@NCNT@CF) were innovatively designed and constructed to realize the integration of microwave absorption and corrosion protection. The optimal Ni3Fe@NCNT@CF demonstrates competitive EMW absorption with a minimum reflection loss of −51.5 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.4 GHz at 10 wt%, due to superior interlinked conductive channels (with dominant and adjustable conduction loss) and magnetic-dielectric matching of the 3D hierarchical bionic neural network. A reliable anti-corrosion performance is further exhibited to show ultra-low corrosion current density ~10-8 A·cm-2 after 30 days of immersion in corrosive medium, owing to the physical shield provided by the impermeable and inert CNT shells. Our findings may provide design inspiration of versatile EMW materials for applications in complicated environments.
Research on 3D printing composite material mechanical properties-characterization of robust soft-matter robots
Authors: Farid Muhammad Imran , Wu Wenzheng , WeiGui Li , Zhao Yu
Published: October 2023

The research aims to develop an affordable, user-friendly composite material with mechanical flexibility, durability, and wear-resistant, properties for soft actuation to maintain its functionality and performance over time. In order to reach this goal, the experimental activities were specific into the following tasks: (a) material pre-selection; (b) design of the experiment; (c) specimen preparation (extrusion process) and (d) mechanical properties and material characterization. This research explores the utilization of regular thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in combination with electric-conductive thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU/E-TPU) to achieve enhanced flexibility and electrical conductivity. However, there is no doubt that composite materials are advanced materials with superior properties. Among the materials examined, the composite demonstrates exceptional mechanical performance, boasting highest recorded flexural strength at 62 Mpa and modulus of 2.7 GPa, along with a notable tensile strength of 38 MPa and tensile modulus of 2.9 GPa, surpassing both E-TPU and TPU materials. Among the materials examined, boasting highest recorded flexural strength at 35 Mpa and modulus of 2.7 GPa, along with a notable tensile strength of 38 MPa, elastic modulus 2.9 GPa and fracture strain is 480%, surpassing both E-TPU and TPU materials. SEM-EDS and microstructural analyses show excellent mechanical act of the composite. The focus is on creating soft-responsive properties that change under different conditions and stresses, which is crucial for designing reliable soft-matter robots. Which is suitable for soft robotics, wearables electronics, aerospace, medical devices and other manufacturing applications requiring flexible movement.
Impact of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocol on 3-Year Survival and Outcomes Following Esophagectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 132 Patients
Authors: Chen Szu-Jung , Shen Ching-Hui , Chuang Cheng-Yen , Chang Yi-Ting
Published: October 2023

Introduction
The benefits of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol are well-documented across surgeries, but its impact on esophageal cancer surgery remains understudied. This study compares 3-year survival rates in esophagectomy patients treated with and without ERAS at a tertiary care hospital.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of 132 esophagectomy patients (Jan 2017- Jan 2022) was conducted. Patients treated before 2019 (n = 66) received standard care, while those from 2019 onwards (n = 66) followed the ERAS protocol. Survival associations were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank tests. Multivariate analysis identified potential survival prognostic factors. The primary outcome was 3-year overall survival and secondary outcomes were postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) stay, hospital length of stay (LOS), and complications.
Results
ERAS patients had significantly shorter ICU stay (mean difference: -2.3 days, p < 0.001), reduced hospital LOS (mean difference: -4.9 days, p < 0.001) and fewer postoperative pulmonary complications (0% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.002). The 3-year survival rate was higher in the ERAS group (70.16% vs. 45.29%, p = 0.028). Advanced tumor stage (III-IV) was a significant negative prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.43–6.67, p = 0.004). Subgroup analysis showed survival benefits were most pronounced in patients with preoperative albumin < 4 g/dl, early-stage tumors (I-II), and aged < 65.
Conclusions
ERAS protocol implementation in esophagectomy was associated with enhanced 3-year overall survival, particularly in patients with low albumin levels, early clinical stages, and aged < 65 years. These findings underscore the potential for ERAS protocols to revolutionize esophageal cancer treatment, leading to improved patient outcomes and more efficient healthcare delivery.