bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of face protectors by 3d printing: distribution of PPE to face the coronavirus
Authors: Menolli Longhini Tatielle , Monteiro Lage Randolfo , Franklin Ribeiro de Souza Peter
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study is to produce face shields using 3D printing, contributing to the personal protection of healthcare professionals from both public and private health institutions amid the coronavirus pandemic.
Theorical framework: At the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, it became common for health professionals to report on the scarcity of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in their work, which resulted in the high level of contamination of those involved in the front line. The face shield stood out as one of the missing PPEs, important for the health and safety of workers as they offer a physical barrier to contamination by secretions.
Methodology/Approach: For this purpose, through the Center for Robotics, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship (CRIE), the prototyping laboratory of the Federal Institute of Minas Gerais campus Governador Valadares (IFMG-GV), different models of face shields were tested. The model that provided the greatest comfort for users was selected, while also requiring less printing time and using less raw material. The production was carried out in accordance with Resolution 356/2020 of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), which authorized and decentralized the production of large industries in an extraordinary and temporary manner.
Findings: Requirements for the manufacture, importation, and acquisition of medical devices were defined. In total, 223 face shields were produced and donated to the city's healthcare system, serving the Unimed Hospital, the Medical Association, and other local hospitals.
Research, practical & social implications: From the action, the IFMG-GV, as a public educational institution, played its role by providing support to local society, influenced by the consequences of the pandemic.
Keywords: Covid-19; Face shield printing; 3d printing.
Identifying criteria for prioritizing process transformation projects
Authors: Conte Costa Laurindo Diego , Campos Renato de
Published: December 2024

Purpose – Considering that diverse processes and peculiarities are found across organizations, defining which processes are best suited for prioritization in improvement or transformation projects is vital. The aim of this study was to identify in the literature possible criteria to be considered when making decisions regarding the prioritization of processes to be included in the transformation activities of organizations.
Design/methodology/approach – The present research, classified as qualitative and applied, has adopted the literature review process with the aim of identifying and analyzing articles drawn from the Web of Science, Scopus and Scielo databases relating to process prioritization criteria in transformation projects.
Findings – A total of 24 criteria for decision-making when prioritizing processes in improvement and transformation projects were identified. The criteria were classified into 5 categories (strategy, financial, quality, impact on customers, and efficiency), and a generic hierarchical structure based on the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) for multi-criteria decision-making is proposed.
Originality/Value – Although no universal criteria were identified in the literature that could be adopted by any given organization, significant relevance was noted in terms of the strategic aspects of organizations. The generic structure proposed, establishing criteria and macro-criteria, can be adapted by specialists or AHP practitioners, depending on the type of organization or application environment.
Keywords: Prioritization; Multicriteria; Process; Improvement; Transformation.
Prognostic model for the development of cardiomyopathies based on genetic predictors
Authors: Nikulina S. Yu. , Kuznetsova O. O. , Matyushin G. V. , Chernova A. A. , Maksimov V. N.
Published: December 2024

Aim. To develop a prognostic model for the development of primary and secondary cardiomyopathy based on genetic predictors.

Material and methods. The study included 221 patients with cardiomyopathy. The mean age of the participants was 55,30±9,69 years, with the age range from 20 to 77 years. Two following groups of patients were determined: the first group (n=111) with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and the second group (n=110) with ischemic myocardial dilation. DNA was extracted from the venous blood of all participants using phenol-chloroform extraction for subsequent genotyping using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

Results. The performed multivariate analysis using the stepwise selection method showed a significant effect of the following predictors at the third step: AG/GG allelic variant of the SCN5A gene (rs1805124), 6a/6a allelic variant of the MMP3 gene (rs35068180) and the patient's age.

The performed multivariate analysis using the stepwise selection showed a significant effect of the following predictors: AG/GG allelic variant of the CTLA4 gene (rs231775), AA and AG allelic variants of the SCN5A gene (rs1805124).

Conclusion. Genetic studies on cardiomyopathies reveal significant associations between certain single nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk of disease development. The study results showed that the AG/GG allelic variant of the SCN5A gene (rs1805124), 6a/6a allelic variant of the MMP3 gene (rs35068180) and the patient's age have prognostic significance in the development of DCM. In addition, AG/GG allelic variant of the CTLA4 gene (rs231775), AA and AG allelic variants of the SCN5A gene (rs1805124) have prognostic significance in the development of ischemic myocardial dilation.
Left atrial volume index and non-ischemic myocardial contrast pattern as a predictor of continued left ventricular remodeling in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: magnetic resonance imaging data
Authors: Shelkovnikova T. A. , Andreev S. L. , Maksimova A. S. , Usov V. Yu. , Zavadovsky K. V.
Published: December 2024

Aim. To evaluate the heart morphological features and the significance of the non-ischemic myocardial contrast pattern in medium-term prognosis of continued left ventricular (LV) remodeling after surgery in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Material and methods. The results of paramagnetic contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were analyzed in 31 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy with an average age of 58,4±7,6 years before complex surgical treatment. The heart morphological features and non-ischemic contrast pattern in the myocardial segments remote from the infarction area according to contrast-enhanced MRI were assessed.

Results. Patients with a non-ischemic contrast pattern had higher left atrial volume index (p=0,02), LV end-systolic index (p=0,03), and right ventricular sizes (p=0,01). A relationship was found between the left atrial volume index and cardiac remodeling in the postoperative period (p<0,005, correlation coefficient r=0,53).

Conclusion. Non-ischemic myocardial contrast pattern is accompanied by an increase in the left atrial volume, which in turn is a predictor of continued LV remodeling in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy in the postoperative period.
Subacute and chronic post-COVID myocarditis: diagnostics, clinical variants, treatment approaches
Authors: Savina P. O. , Blagova O. V. , Ainetdinova D. Kh. , Sedov A. V. , Pavlenko E. V. , Lutokhina Yu. A. , Kogan E. A.
Published: December 2024

Aim. To study the mechanisms and clinical variants of subacute and chronic myocarditis after SARS-CoV-2 infection using morphological and virological studies and to develop approaches to its treatment.

Material and methods. The study included 89 patients with documented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The diagnosis of post-COVID myocarditis was established based on myocardial biopsy and/or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in combination with anamnesis, increased titers of anticardiac antibodies, and other criteria. The average time of presentation after infection was 8,0 [4; 17,5] months, while the average follow-up period was 7,0 [6,0; 13,5] months. Electrocardiography, Holter monitoring, echocardiography, cardiac MRI (n=60), determination of anticardiac antibody levels, myocardial biopsy (n=38), and autopsy (n=1) were performed.

Results. All patients showed an association between the onset or exacerbation of cardiac symptoms and COVID-19. The clinical variants of post-COVID myocarditis were identified: arrhythmic (n=24) with newly developed arrhythmias with normal myocardial contractility; decompensated (n=65) with newly diagnosed heart failure, including a variant developed with primary (genetic) cardiomyopathies and amyloidosis (n=10). The profile of arrhythmias in the arrhythmic variant varied from potentially life-threatening rhythm and conduction disorders (sustained ventricular tachycardia, grade II-III atrioventricular block) to infrequent supraventricular premature beats. In the decompensated variant, lymphocytic myocarditis was most often morphologically detected, while eosinophilic and giant cell myocarditis, associated with a worse prognosis, were rarer. Simultaneous development of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, infective endocarditis with the development of valvular heart defects was noted. In 10 cases, myocarditis was combined with primary cardiomyopathies, AL amyloidosis. Treatment included the administration of antiarrhythmic, cardiotropic, immunosuppressive therapy (glucocorticoids 16-32 mg/day in 68,5% of patients, hydroxychloroquine 200-400 mg/day in 33,7%). In the arrhythmic type, complete arrhythmia suppression was achieved in 25% of cases, while partial in 58,3%. In one case, a pacemaker was implanted. In patients with a decompensated myocarditis, corticosteroids were effective regardless of the viral genome/proteins in the myocardium.

Conclusion. COVID-19 can induce subacute and chronic myocarditis with the development of isolated arrhythmias or severe heart failure.
Thinking style and nature of stress experience in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Raskaliev R. A. , Kalyuta T. Yu. , Andriyanova E. A. , Fedonnikov A. S.
Published: December 2024

Aim. To analyze the cognitive status (thinking style and nature of stress experience) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent myocardial revascularization.

Material and methods. The study involved 150 patients with the average age of 54 years. The study sample included three following groups of respondents: patients with CAD who underwent myocardial revascularization 1,5 months before the study (n=50); patients with cerebral ischemia (n=50); conditionally healthy respondents who underwent routine medical examination (n=50). The following were used: the Cognitive Mistakes Questionnaire by A. Freeman, R. DeWolf (in the Russian adaptation by A.E. Bobrov, E.V. Fayzrakhmanova); the Questionnaire of Styles of Explanation of Successes and Failures by T.O. Gordeeva, O.A. Sychev, E.N. Osin, V.A. Titova Gransham; the Brief Resilience Scale by B. Smith, et al. (in the Russian adaptation by V.I. Markova, L.A. Alexandrova, A.A. Zolotareva); the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by C. D. Spielberger (in the Russian adaptation by Yu.L. Khanin). To assess the significance of differences in cognitive status and the nature of stress experience between the above-mentioned groups, Student's t-test (t) was used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics ver. 27.0.1.

Results. Patients with CAD who underwent myocardial revascularization differ from conditionally healthy patients who underwent routine medical examination, in higher expression of following cognitive status indicators: "catastrophizing" (t=-6,718 at p<0,01), "stability of failures" (t=-3,092 at p<0,01), high expression of personal anxiety (t=-5,238 at p<0,01) and low expression of resilience (t=3,163 at p<0,01). In addition, CAD patients differ from patients with cerebral ischemia in higher expression of the cognitive status parameter "exaggeration of danger" (t=-6,292 at p<0,01).

Conclusion. In patients with CAD, the indicators of cognitive status and ability to recover after revascularization may indicate chronic traumatization caused by disease and surgery as the trigger event. The data obtained may be important for the development of prevention and rehabilitation programs.
Interdisciplinary Expert Consensus: the place of original pitavastatin in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Bubnova M. G. , Galyavich A. S. , Ezhov M. V. , Aronov D. M. , Vinogradova N. N. , Galstyan G. R. , Gurevich V. S. , Karpov Yu. A. , Koziolova N. A. , Kosmacheva E. D. , Matyushin G. V. , Sergienko I. V. , Filippov A. E. , Khalimov Yu. Sh.
Published: December 2024

Russian Society of Cardiology, National Atherosclerosis Society, Russian Society of Cardiosomatic Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention, Russian Association of Endocrinologists
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting the efficiency of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with left ventricular non-compaction and heart failure
Authors: Mershina E. A. , Filatova D. A. , Myasnikov R. P. , Kulikova O. V. , Meshkov A. N. , Kharlap M. S. , Sinitsyn V. E.
Published: December 2024

Aim. To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) and heart failure (HF).

Material and methods. This observational retrospective study included 26 patients with a morphological signs of LVNC cardiomyopathy according to echocardiography (Chin, Jenni, Stollberger criteria) and MRI (Petersen criterion). All patients underwent CRT implantation. The changes of the left ventricular size and function were assessed using echocardiography. Before the CRT procedure, all patients underwent contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI.

Results. According to a response to CRT, patients were divided into 3 following groups: responders (a decrease in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (EDV) according to echocardiography from 15 to 30%, a decrease in HF functional class), super-responders (a decrease in LV EDV by more than 30%) and non-responders (failure to meet the response criteria). The study identified factors influencing the CRT results, the most significant of which were the familial LVNC cardiomyopathy, sex and age of patients, as well as following parameters of cardiac morphology: myocardial fibrosis according to MRI, myocardial non-compaction severity, LV volume index.

Conclusion. MRI is a technique that can make a significant contribution to predicting the CRT effectiveness in patients with LVNC and HF. Therefore, it should be performed in all patients before CRT to optimize the selection procedure and exclude patients who are unlikely to benefit from CRT.
Comparison of Anthropometric and Physical Fitness Variables Based on Gender and Position in Elite Field Hockey Players
Authors: Kim Jane , Park Hee-Jung , Kim Do-Youn , Kim Su-Jin , Park Dong-Ho
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to derive anthropometric and fitness characteristics required by sex and position in Korean elite field hockey athletes.METHODS: This study included 14 male (29.8±3.6 years) and 14 female (27.2±3.5 years) elite field hockey players. They were examined for anthropometric (weight, height, %body fat, etc.) and physical fitness variables (push-up, sit-up, side-steps, etc.), including isometric strength (handgrip and back & leg strength), anaerobic capacity (Wingate 30s test), and trunk isokinetic peak torque (30°/s and 120°/s).RESULTS: Male players outperformed female players on most physical fitness variables. Specifically, female athletes had significantly lower isometric muscle strength (26–37%, p<.001) and anaerobic capacity (36%, p<.001) than male athletes, but these differences were less pronounced in measures of muscle power variables (12–23%, p<.001) and cardiorespiratory endurance (14%, p<.001). Forwards (FW) excelled in push-ups compared to defenders (DF; p<.05), and midfielders (MF) had higher mean and peak powers in the Wingate tests compared to FW and DF (p<.05). Finally, the correlation between anthropometric and physical fitness variables appears to differ depending on sex.CONCLUSIONS: Male athletes performed better than female athletes on most physical fitness measures, although differences were observed depending on their motor ability. MF showed higher anaerobic power than FW and DF. In addition, the correlation between anthropometric and physical fitness variables appears to differ depending on sex. Therefore, the findings of the present study emphasize the need for sex-specific and positional demands in training programs to optimize performance.
Gait and Health-Related Physical Fitness Cut-off Values for Osteoporosis in Elderly Women
Authors: Kim Min-Jun , Lee Inhwan
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the cutoff values for gait and health-related physical fitness associated with osteoporosis in community-dwelling elderly women.METHODS: A total of 180 elderly women (aged ≥60) participated. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify the predictors of femoral neck-bone mineral density (FN-BMD) from the gait and fitness variables. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the cutoff points and predict the performance of osteoporosis. Finally, logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of osteoporosis risk.RESULTS: Fast-pace stride length and upper body strength were identified as independent predictors of FN-BMD. The cutoff values for predicting osteoporosis were 129.2 cm (accuracy, 70.6%) for fast-pace stride length and 18.0 kg (accuracy, 69.4%) for upper body strength. Logistic regression analysis showed that the below-threshold group had a significantly higher risk (fast pace stride length: OR=6.063, 95% CI=2.195-16.753, p<.001; upper body strength: OR=5.079, 95% CI=1.798-14.346, p=.002) of osteoporosis than the above-threshold group, and this result remained significant even after adjusting for covariates.CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that measuring fast-pace stride length and grip strength, which can be easily assessed, may serve as useful tools for identifying osteoporosis risk in elderly women.
Analysis of Research Trends in Exercise Science Using LDA Algorithm: Focusing on the Period from 2015 to 2024
Authors: Lee Hyung-Keun , Lee Dong-woo , Cho Hye-Soo , Kwak Dong-Min
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the research trends in exercise physiology over the past decade, ultimately providing new prospectives on the fields.METHODS: We targeted the titles of papers published on the official website of the Korean Society of Exercise Physiology between January 2015 and August 2024. In total, 367 articles were included. Among them, 98 articles had English titles and were analyzed after translation into Korean. The “Tokenization” process, which extracts noun words and “Stopwords” to eliminate unnecessary particles of articles, was executed. Subsequently, a common language was integrated, and terminology was standardized. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model was used to determine the optimal number of topics.RESULTS: The 367 articles analyzed were named Topics 1 to 8 (Topic 1: Exercise performance, Topic 2: Exercise rehabilitation, Topic 3: Resistance exercise, Topic 4: Covid/Exercise, Topic 5: Elderly/Exercise, Topic 6: Elite/Exercise, Topic 7: Physical assessment, and Topic 8: Metabolic syndrome). After dividing the years into four phases, the proportions of each topic were determined by phase. Among Topics 1-8, the topics that indicated a significant change were Topic 3 (rho=-0.104, p<.038), Topic 7 (rho=-0.507, p<.000), and Topic 8 (rho=0.461, p<.000).CONCLUSIONS: Research trends over the last 10 years have shown that research topics have changed over time. The trend changes indicated a decrease in interest in physical assessments and a rapid increase in metabolic syndromes. This study highlights the need for health management studies in accordance with changes in the societal context, along with digital healthcare and wearable technology.
The role of aerial photography data in making management decisions for biological reclamation of technogenically disturbed territories
Authors: Kuznetsov Aleksandr , Zverev Roman , Osintseva Mariya
Published: December 2024

Currently, it is necessary to search for effective alternative methods of restoring technogenically disturbed lands after coal mining. Such a method is reclamation with control of vegetation of plants by digital methods. The aim of the work was to study the role of aerial photography data in making management decisions for biological reclamation of technogenically disturbed territories. The material for the research was plants planted at the experimental site in the summer of 2023. Observations of the vegetation of the planted material were carried out by visual method and by means of aerial photography with an assessment of the normalized relative vegetation index at a frequency of once every two weeks using an unmanned DJI Phantom 4 Pro+ aircraft. Using aerial photography, it was found that the area of the deepest soil erosion of the studied area is less than 10 %. A systematic increase in biomass has been established from the moment of planting to the end of the growing season. At the same time, the peak of the growth of the grass mixture falls on the last observation date. While in the sector using trees and shrubs as planting material, the peak of vegetation occurred at an earlier period. It is proved that aerial photography data are important in making management decisions for the biological reclamation of technogenically disturbed territories
The limitation of rationality in solving tasks for action
Authors: Pchelina Olga
Published: December 2024

The article presents modern views on the decision-making process. It is shown that the traditional position about the advantage of conscious rational thinking in making important decisions has been questioned by a number of researchers, and examples of experimental data supporting an alternative opinion are given. Rational decision-making involves assessing a problematic situation and logically choosing the preferred alternative, while mature action involves creativity.
The aim of the study is to identify the relationship between rationality and maturity of solutions in action tasks representing life situations in which it is necessary to make a choice between
value-laden alternatives. The empirical study involved 130 people aged 30–50 (69 women, 61 men), using the methods of «Personal factors of decision-making» (T.V. Kornilova) and the structured interview «Five situations» (E.L. Dotsenko, V.A. Startseva, O.V. Pchelina).
The results showed that switching the subjects' attention to performing a simple task during the experiment contributes to an increase in the quality of the target task solutions — decision-making in action tasks. Distraction to inventing names for semantically neutral pictures statistically significantly increases the maturity of decisions. No correlation was found between rationality as a psychological variable reflecting personal regulation of choices and the maturity of decisions in action tasks. Thus, making high-quality decisions in action tasks involves not only rational, but also implicit semantic preparation.
Investigation of the deterioration of concrete from surface to interior under temperature gradient effects
Authors: Gao Yan , Zhang Sai , Gao Furong
Published: December 2024

In this investigation, to assess the deterioration processes of concrete from the surface to the interior under temperature gradient effects, 150 mm cubic concrete specimens were heated at 800°C without a temperature-rising stage for different durations (20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 min) and then cooled under running water. For the purpose of evaluating the deterioration characteristics of the heated concretes, compressive strengths and cracking conditions, microstructural morphologies of concrete constituents and the dehydration degrees of the concrete matrix from surfaces to interiors were determined. The results showed that, during the heating process, the deterioration of the concrete matrix from surface to interior could be divided into a heat-affected area (HAA), a semi-HAA and a heat-unaffected area (HUA). In the HAAs, the dehydration degrees of the hydration products were extremely severe and the microstructural integrity almost completely lost. With an increase in heating duration, the HAAs gradually expanded towards the concrete interiors, making the semi-HAAs gradually become HAAs and the HUAs become semi-HAAs. Consequently, with increasing heating durations, the compressive strengths of the heated concretes gradually decreased.
En specialpedagogprofession i ständig förändring
Authors: Svensson Ida , Öster Caroline , Höstfält Gabriella
Published: December 2024

Specialpedagoger bygger en självständig profession som inledningsvis utgörs av en elevnära förändringsagent till att utvecklas mot en organisationskonsult och rådgivare.
Estimates of the eligible population for Australia’s targeted National Lung Cancer Screening Program, 2025–2030
Authors: Wade Stephen , Ngo Preston , He Yue , Caruana Michael , Steinberg Julia , Luo Qingwei , David Michael , McWilliams Annette , Fong Kwun M , Canfell Karen , Weber Marianne F
Published: December 2024

Australia’s National Lung Cancer Screening Program will commence in July 2025, targeted at individuals aged 50–70 years with a 30 pack-year smoking history (equivalent to 20 cigarettes per day for 30 years), who either currently smoke or have quit within the past 10 years. We forecasted the number of screening-eligible individuals over the first 5 years of the program using data from the 2019 National Drug Strategy Household Survey and the 2022 Australian Bureau of Statistics population projections. Multiple imputation integrated with predictive modelling of future or unmeasured smoking characteristics was used to address missing data and, simultaneously, to project individuals’ smoking histories to 2030. In 2025, 930 500 (95% prediction interval 852 200–1 019 000) individuals were estimated to be eligible, with the number meeting the criteria declining slightly during the years 2025–2030 in all Australian jurisdictions. Overall, 26–30% of those eligible will have quit smoking, and 70–74% will currently smoke. These estimates can be used in resource planning and as an indicative denominator to track participation rates for the program over time.
A blokklánc technológia alkalmazhatósága a rövid élelmiszer-ellátási láncokban: Tudományos publikációk elemzése
Authors: Bertalan András , Kovárczi Anna , Kacz Károly
Published: December 2024

A blokklánc technológia napjainkra széles körben kutatott és alkalmazott eszköz lett különböző adatbázisok kezelésére. Ennek elsődleges oka, hogy egy decentralizált, elosztott adatbázis-rendszer, amely lehetővé teszi, hogy a tranzakciókat biztonságos és ellenőrizhető formában rögzítsük. Az elmúlt években a mesterséges intelligencia megjelenésével valamelyest csökkent a technológia iránti kiemelt figyelem, ami segíti a valódi kutatásokat, mivel a témában korábban megjelent számos tudományos alap nélküli cikk és internetes hír növelte a kutatásokra nehezedő „zajt”. Ahogy minden új területen, itt is gyakran elhangzanak megalapozatlan állítások, amelyek tudományosan nem vizsgáltak és csupán szakértői prekoncepciókon alapulnak. Egy ilyen vitatott résztéma a blokklánc technológia alkalmazása a rövid élelmiszer ellátási láncokban (RÉL) is. Általános vélekedés, hogy ebben az esetben a technológiának nincs jelentős hozzáadott értéke, mivel a rövid lánc szereplői általában ismerik egymást és megbíznak egymásban. Jelen kutatás célja a Scopus adatbázisban található publikációk elemzése annak érdekében, hogy feltárja, milyen kutatások folytak ebben a témában, milyen eredmények születtek, és mennyire megalapozottak az ezzel a területtel kapcsolatos állítások.
Letter from the humanist Mikhail Markov to Nikita Khrushchev on the “new theory of the development of nature” (1954)
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Rychkov Aleksandr V.
Published: December 2024

The article considers the problems of the ideologization of biological and agricultural science through the prism of studying the social consciousness of the era, which was determined by ideas about the relationship of social and biological processes. In the research literature, the ideologization of science is traditionally associated with the activities of academician T.D. Lysenko, whose research, scientific implementation and practical work were “adapted” to the Soviet principles of organizing society. The theory of natural selection was transformed into the concept of “reeducation” of varieties in crop production and breeds in livestock production by “environmental conditions”. The recognition of the external environment as the “primary source of changes in the heredity of organisms”, transferred to the social soil, meant the possibility of educating a new, Soviet, person, a bearer of collectivist values. The Marxist postulate about the masses as the driving force of the historical process in relation to the organizational and scientific sphere was “supplemented” by ideas about mass collective farm experimentation as an important structural element of the scientific and experimental network, and in relation to scientific implementation by ideas about “mass production experiment”. However, the introduction of new documents into scientific discourse made it possible to establish that the ideologization of biology was not limited only to supporters of academician T.D. Lysenko, but was an integral part of the worldview of socialist-minded citizens, often not professionally associated with biological science. In a letter from the humanist M.N. Markov to N.S. Khrushchev, sent to the Soviet leader in 1954, outlined a “new theory of the development of nature”, more appropriate for Soviet collectivist realities in comparison with Lysenko’s constructions, according to the author of the letter. As the basis for the development of nature, Markov defined a species, not an individual, as a tribal community, which, in his opinion, was more consistent with the Marxist position that the creator of the history of human society was peoples, collectives, and not individuals. Markov sharply criticized Lysenko for only “modernizing” Darwinism, while it was necessary to decisively divorce from it as a reactionary bourgeois theory that transferred the relations of domination and competition in society to the life of nature. The author comes to the conclusion that biological “theories”, attractive from a political point of view, but scientifically untenable, resulted in the disorganization of both scientific and implementation activities, and “programmed” many errors and misconceptions.
Multimodal text as the basis of instructional material design in an academic digital environment
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Kats Nora G. , Rubtsova Anna V. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Aitov Valeriy F. ,   Akmulla Bashkir State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2024

With the active development of information and communication technologies, multimodality has become a distinctive feature of modern human communication. Multimodality can be considered as the use of various semiotic resources and communication channels in the process of human interaction within traditional and digital environments. Multimodality is approached from various theoretical perspectives. Thus, linguists focus on the communicative features and structure of multimodal or polycode texts, sociologists analyze the specifics of communication flow in a multimodal discourse, and educators investigate the instructional potential of multimodal texts for learning and teaching purposes. Being unique in its nature, a polycode text as a product of multimodal discourse is gaining particular attention in language pedagogy and instructional design for digital environments. The aim of this study is to analyze the instructional potential of multimodal texts in teaching foreign languages, namely, to consider the methodological and technological aspects of their design and effective use in the process of language training at the university. The research is based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature and language coursebooks, as well as on the experience gained with the use of various technologies in a language classroom. This analysis allows for consideration of a multimodal text as an interdisciplinary scientific concept that lays the theoretical foundation for multimodal literacy and multimodal learning theories. The results of the study include an instructional analysis of modern digital tools used for creating educational multimodal content for traditional and digital environments. These tools include such digital apps as PlayPosit, LearningApps.org, Picktochart.com, and Visme.co. The authors identify the instructional design objectives, analyze the technological potential of these digital tools, propose criteria for the selection of multimodal texts for educational purposes, and identify the key advantages of integrating multimodal texts into a learning environment. Despite the extensive scientific interest in this topic, some issues require further research. First of all, there is a need for the design of a multimodal text typology for educational purposes. Besides that, the technological model for the development of multimodal content requires further consideration. Additionally, considering the evolving scientific interest in learners’ communicative multimodal competence in language education and its practical value for interaction in the modern blended communicative space, the instructional framework and strategies for its development might constitute a new strand of research.
The information concept of virtual reality: Determining its place in modern philosophical knowledge
Authors:   Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, Gryaznova Elena V.
Published: December 2024

The aim of the article is to substantiate the possibility of applying the information concept of virtual reality to study new phenomena of digital culture caused by the rapid development of high technologies. At the first stage of the research, the author conducted an analytical review of domestic and foreign publications on the relevance and results of testing various concepts of virtual reality. The second stage of the study was the comparative analysis and generalization of the results obtained. At the third stage, the possibility of applying the information concept of virtual reality as an addition to the existing concepts in philosophical knowledge in the research of virtual-information phenomena of modern digital culture based on the application of the information approach and the attributive concept of information was considered. In the course of the study, the author came to the conclusion that, for a holistic analysis of virtual information reality as a phenomenon of digital culture, the use of concepts that reveal only one of the aspects of this reality becomes clearly insufficient. Understanding virtual reality as an imaginary reality, generated, secondary, emergent, etc., into which a person’s consciousness is immersed with the help of various practices and technologies, leads to distraction from the information nature of the person himself, culture and society. The development of the concept of virtual reality based on the information approach and the attributive concept of information allows defining it, first of all, as an information phenomenon that can exist outside of interaction. A person interacts with the world around him at the level of actualization of not only the material and energy component of the universe, but also necessarily the information one. It is in the information reality of various types that a person actively acts, working with information objects of different nature: abiotic, biotic, mental, technical, and social. According to the attribute concept, information is updated only in the process of interaction. Outside of interaction, it does not disappear and does not cease to exist, which means that it passes into a collapsed, encoded state, which is called potential or possible. According to the information concept of virtual reality, such a state is proposed to be called virtual, freeing the categories of “possibility” and “potentiality” for the energy and material components of the universe that exist outside of interaction. The information concept of virtual reality makes it possible to shift the emphasis on information interaction, which in the digital culture of modern society expands the boundaries of human consciousness as an information phenomenon that can use various material carriers, including the digital environment, for the implementation of information processes, which is becoming more realistic today, and is the subject of scientific and philosophical discussions.
Процессуальный механизм уголовного преследования специальных субъектов: современное состояние и перспективы оптимизации
Authors: Shatalov Alexander
Published: December 2024

Процедурный механизм осуществления уголовного преследования в отношении лиц, подпадающих под особый порядок производства по уголовным делам, предусматривает в качестве составной части и одновременно способа обеспечения их неприкосновенности усложненный по сравнению с обычным порядок возбуждения уголовного дела и привлечения их в качестве обвиняемых по уголовным делам. Исходя из этого, в публикации предпринята попытка комплексного анализа наиболее сложных и спорных вопросов, касающихся уголовного преследования лиц, для которых изначально предназначен особый порядок. В ней изложено авторское видение возможностей их решения на фоне соответствующего правового и теоретического обоснования. Усложняя общий порядок уголовного судопроизводства через введение дополнительных обязанностей и запретов для лиц, ответственных за ход и исход производства по уголовному делу, положения УПК РФ выступают, по мнению автора, в качестве расширенных процессуальных гарантий неприкосновенности определенного круга специальных субъектов, выполняющих социально-значимые функции. Не увеличивая объем их неприкосновенности, они уменьшают возможность ее ограничения, снижая, таким образом, опасность осуществления безосновательного уголовного преследования. Несмотря на то, что перечень специальных субъектов в законе приведен исчерпывающим образом, в части, касающейся обозначения пределов их процессуального иммунитета, нормы гл. 52 УПК РФ носят бланкетный характер, поскольку его фактическое содержание неодинаково. Исходя из этого, автор считает, что, совершая процессуальные действия и принимая предусмотренные законом решения, суд, прокурор, руководитель следственного органа, следователь и дознаватель должны учитывать не только предусмотренные УПК РФ особенности производства по уголовным делам в отношении отдельных категорий лиц, но и положения нормативных правовых актов, раскрывающих их правовой статус, объем полномочий и пределы действия процессуального иммунитета в том виде, как они закреплены в отраслевом законодательстве. Само законодательство на этот счет должно последовательно изменяться в русле рекомендаций Международной организации Совета Европы «Группа государств против коррупции» (GRECO), высказавшейся в своем отчете за сокращение в нем категорий лиц, на которых распространяется специальная процедура привлечения их к уголовной ответственности, а также за упрощение такой процедуры.
Конституционные основы финансирования судебной власти в Российской Федерации
Authors: Latypova I.R.
Published: December 2024

Статья представляет собой детальный анализ ст. 124 Конституции Российской Федерации. В работе исследуются вопросы законодательного регулирования порядка финансирования судов из федерального бюджета, рассматриваются причины несоответствия положений федерального законодательства Конституции Российской Федерации в части, касающейся материального обеспечения судебной системы, изучается проблема количественного и качественного определения объема финансирования судебной системы, обеспечивающего ее независимость, транспарентность и открытость. Проблема достаточности финансирования судов анализируется в тесной взаимосвязи с принципом независимости судебной власти, ставится вопрос о необходимости законодательного закрепления перечня государственных органов и должностных лиц, уполномоченных осуществлять материальное обеспечение судебной системы. Особое внимание уделено изучению опыта ведущих стран мира в вопросах бюджетного финансирования судебной власти. На примере законодательства США, Японии, Нидерландов, Литовской республики продемонстрирована модель финансирования судов на основе отдельного бюджета, формируемого органами судебной власти самостоятельно, описана процедура согласования судебных расходов с органами исполнительной власти, гарантирующая права и законные интересы судов. В заключение автор формулирует предложения по совершенствованию законодательства, приходит к выводу о необходимости принятия федерального закона, подробно регламентирующего все вопросы финансового обеспечения судебной власти с целью создания в России независимого, открытого и саморегулируемого суда, ориентированного на высокий результат. На необходимость принятия отдельного федерального закона, регулирующего вопросы финансирования судебной системы, указывает ст. 124 Конституции Российской Федерации, закрепляющая, что финансирование судов производится в соответствии с федеральным законом. В статье сформулированы ключевые разделы предлагаемого закона, которые призваны закрепить источники финансирования судебной власти; процедуру составления судебного бюджета; структуру бюджета суда и его основные показатели; порядок согласования бюджета судебной власти с Правительством Российской Федерации; контроль за расходованием бюджетных средств органами судебной власти. Автор предлагает три основных параметра, составляющие бюджет суда, а также определяет перечень государственных органов, обладающих правом получать средства из бюджета и распределять их между судами.
Legal Terminology from the Rhetorical Perspective: Legal Genres Approach
Authors: Soboleva Anita
Published: December 2024

The approach to legal terms of art (or technical legal terms) form rhetorical perspectives is based on their place in legal discourse depending on the genre of the text. The division of legal texts by genres, proposed in the article, is grounded in Russian theory of slovesnost’, which was in the core of education in Russia in the second half of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries and was later developed in the works by Soviet professor of linguistics Yuri Rozhdestvensky and his students of rhetoric, philology and cultural studies. Law as a discipline in which ordinary words and terms of art behave in a different way than in other sciences poses many questions before the researchers, and these questions can only be resolved by using interdisciplinary approach, where rhetoric and theory of slovesnost’ provide one of the possibilities. The main legal genre of written prose is a normative act, that is why special attention is paid to the use of the terms in statutes. Different behavior of terms of art in texts of different genres is noted. Analysis of polysemy and homonymy in statutory texts and investigation of legal terms versus terms in other sciences is made. Special attention is paid to technical legal terms, which have different definitions in different branches of law, to legal definitions, which have different meaning in law and other sciences, to terms of “general science” (such as ‘assimilation’, ‘operation’, ‘balance’, etc.) and to those words, which can be used in legal texts in their ordinary or terminological meaning (e.g. ‘agent’, ‘defender’). A distinction will be drawn between the technical legal terms in legal theory and technical legal terms, which found their definitions in statutory texts or regulations.
Спрос на право: факторы и движущие силы (Круглый стол XVI Апрельской конференции)
Authors: Getman-Pavlova Irina V.
Published: December 2024

С 8 по 10 апреля 2015 г. проходила организованная НИУ ВШЭ ежегодная XVI Апрельская конференция, в рамках которой состоялась пленарная дискуссия «Спрос на право: факторы и движущие силы». В рамках этой дискуссии обсуждались вопросы о том, как обеспечить соответствие правовых норм потребностям (спросу) общества, как выявлять такие потребности и переводить их на язык права. В решении этих задач важную роль играет политология и социология права. В ходе дискуссии были высказаны теоретические идеи, а также обнародованы результаты социологических исследований спроса на право.
Правовой режим врачебной тайны как информационно-правового объекта
Authors: Shibaev D.V.
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена информационно-правовым аспектам обеспечения режима врачебной тайны, создания необходимых условий — правовых, организационных, моральных — для ограничения доступа не уполномоченных лиц к информации о пациенте. Проводится историографический анализ развития законодательства в сфере формирования режима врачебной тайны — Уложения о наказаниях уголовных и исправительных, Нюрнбергского кодекса, Женевской декларации и др., проводится их сравнительно-правовая характеристика с действующим законодательством. Дан анализ правовой конструкции «врачебная тайна», ее соотношения и различия с медицинской тайной. В статье проводится сравнительно-правовой анализ действующих нормативно-правовых актов, регулирующих режим тайны, в то же время указывается, что абсолютным этот режим назвать нельзя — существуют установленные законодательством основания истребования указанных сведений без согласия пациента. Часто возникают ситуации, когда Федеральный закон от 21.11.2011 № 323-ФЗ (ред. от 13.07.2015) «Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации» вступает в противоречие с иными законодательными актами, что приводит к различиям в правоприменительной практике. Указанные ситуации исследуются автором на основе материалов судебной практики в части обжалования решений должностных лиц по факту не предоставления адвокату сведений о его доверителе, составляющих врачебную тайну. В статье детально исследуются вопросы оснований истребования указанной информации в принудительном порядке третьим лицом для обеспечения его профессиональной деятельности — адвокатом, страховой организацией, представителями комиссии по делам несовершеннолетних и защите их прав. Исходя из анализа практики и сравнительно-правового исследования действующего законодательства, сформированы отдельные предложения по изменению ряда нормативно-правовых актов, в частности, Федерального закона от 31.05.2002 № 63-ФЗ (ред. от 13.07.2015) «Об адвокатской деятельности и адвокатуре в Российской Федерации» и Уголовно-процессуального кодекса Российской Федерации. Дискуссионным является вопрос о критериях и допустимости наследования сведений, составляющих врачебную тайну. Проводится аналогия этого принципа наследования с авторским правом и ставится проблема ее правовой состоятельности, аргументируется позиция автора. Отдельно рассматриваются аспекты уголовной, административной, гражданско-правовой и дисциплинарной ответственности за нарушения законодательства в сфере обеспечения режима врачебной тайны должностным лицом.