bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma IL‐25 is elevated in a subgroup of patients with clinical reactivity to peanut
Authors: Aalberse Joost A , van Thuijl Anders O , Meijer Yolanda , de Jager Wilco , van der Palen‐Merkus Tjitske , Sprikkelman Aline B , Hoekstra Maarten O , Prakken Berent J , van Wijk Femke
Published: December 2013

Background

One of the IL‐17 family members, IL‐25, has been implicated with the initiation and amplification of Th2 responses in animal models and has been associated with airway hyper‐reactivity. The involvement of IL‐25 and also IL‐17 in food allergic disease remains to be investigated.

Findings

In this study thirty children suspected of peanut allergic disease underwent a double‐blind placebo controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) and IL‐25 and IL‐17 plasma levels were determined before and after challenge. IL‐25 was highly elevated only in subgroup of children with a positive DBPCFC outcome. Plasma IL‐25 was absent in children with a negative DBPCFC outcome and in healthy controls.

Conclusions

This study shows that IL‐25, an IL‐17 family member, is highly elevated only in children with a clinical response to peanut. This suggests a role for IL‐25 in the pathogenesis of peanut allergy and elevated plasma IL‐25 may be a sign of a severe atopic phenotype.
A Deliberate Practice Approach to Teaching Phylogenetic Analysis
Authors: Hobbs F. Collin , Johnson Daniel J. , Kearns Katherine D.
Published: December 2013

One goal of postsecondary education is to assist students in developing expert-level understanding. Previous attempts to encourage expert-level understanding of phylogenetic analysis in college science classrooms have largely focused on isolated, or “one-shot,” in-class activities. Using a deliberate practice instructional approach, we designed a set of five assignments for a 300-level plant systematics course that incrementally introduces the concepts and skills used in phylogenetic analysis. In our assignments, students learned the process of constructing phylogenetic trees through a series of increasingly difficult tasks; thus, skill development served as a framework for building content knowledge. We present results from 5 yr of final exam scores, pre- and postconcept assessments, and student surveys to assess the impact of our new pedagogical materials on student performance related to constructing and interpreting phylogenetic trees. Students improved in their ability to interpret relationships within trees and improved in several aspects related to between-tree comparisons and tree construction skills. Student feedback indicated that most students believed our approach prepared them to engage in tree construction and gave them confidence in their abilities. Overall, our data confirm that instructional approaches implementing deliberate practice address student misconceptions, improve student experiences, and foster deeper understanding of difficult scientific concepts.
From the Editorial Board
Authors: Smith Tad
Published: December 2013

A number of important changes occurs every year at the SEG Annual Meeting, some of which are highly visible and no doubt familiar to you (e.g., the installation of new officers). However, many of the changes are either unknown to the majority of SEG members or are obscured by the excitement and chaos of the convention. One of the less-visible changes each year is the addition of new members to the editorial board for The Leading Edge and the appointment of a new TLE Editorial Board chair. This year, we welcome Julie Shemeta, Tracy Stark, and John Lane to the board; we look forward to their energy and important contributions during the course of their four-year terms. I would also like to take this time to thank my friend and Apache colleague, Bill Goodway, for his term on the board and his successful year as editorial board chair.
Geometric shapes derived from airborne gravity gradiometry data: New tools for the explorationist
Authors: Chowdhury Priyanka Roy , Cevallos Carlos
Published: December 2013

We display airborne gravity gradient data using curvature attributes of the equipotential surface to derive geometric shapes that can be associated with structural and geologic features. Concepts used in differential geometry that describe all geometric aspects of a surface are applied to airborne gravity gradiometry data. Gravity gradient components are ideal for this application because they are related to curvature of the gravitational potential. We also emphasize that with gravity methods, the surfaces for which the curvature attributes are derived represent the succession of equipotential surfaces, which, under favorable circumstances, correspond to one or more geologic surfaces that dominate the signature of the airborne gravity gradiometry data.
Understanding, diagnosing, and modeling the causes of fracture network complexity in unconventional reservoirs
Authors: McClure Mark W.
Published: December 2013

The conventional concept of hydraulic fracturing is that a single planar fracture forms at the wellbore and propagates through the formation. In recent years, there has been a growing realization that stimulation often generates fracture networks that are volumetric and complex. Network complexity is valuable for enhanced recovery because it increases stimulated fracture surface area. The complex fracture network concept has the potential to impact stimulation design and modeling, formation evaluation from well logs and other data, measurements of the minimum principal stress, and many other areas. However, before these concepts can be applied fully, it will be necessary to resolve fundamental questions about the physical processes that give rise to complexity and to develop new modeling tools that are capable of describing these processes. In this article, I review the literature to describe a few conceptual models that have been proposed to explain complexity in unconventional resources. I discuss the need for diagnostic techniques to distinguish among these mechanisms, and I provide a few examples of such techniques. Finally, I review the current state of the art for modeling complex hydraulic fracturing and give an example using Complex Fracturing ReAsearch Code (CFRAC), a recently developed hydraulic-fracturing simulator. The simulation results demonstrate that the stresses induced by fracture deformation have a first-order impact on how stimulated fracture networks develop.
Reviews
Authors: Green William R.
Published: December 2013

Climate Change: What the Science Tells Us, by C. Fletcher, ISBN 978-1-118-05753-7, John Wiley & Sons, 2013, 265 pp., US $79.95
Highlights of this issue
Authors: Dean Kimberlie
Published: December 2013

Interventions throughout early life - antenatally, in childhood and in adolescence

Two papers in the Journal this month describe trials of interventions targeting young people – one focused on treating anxiety disorders in childhood and another on preventing eating disorders in adolescence. While CBT for childhood anxiety disorders is known to be effective, its availability is limited. Thirlwall et al (pp. 436–444) conducted a randomised controlled trial of low-intensity guided parent-delivered CBT in a sample of children with anxiety disorders referred by primary or secondary care to a specialist clinic. Compared with waiting-list controls, the children receiving the full intervention demonstrated superior diagnostic outcomes, whereas those receiving a brief version of the intervention showed no improvements. In a linked editorial, Cartwright-Hatton (pp. 401–402) highlights the prevalence of childhood anxiety disorders, the implications of failing to treat them and the evidence supporting their treatability. She also points to the implications of findings from Thirlwall et al indicating that therapists need not be highly trained or experienced to achieve significant results.
Treating anxiety in early life
Authors: Cartwright-Hatton Sam
Published: December 2013

Anxiety disorders in pre-adolescence are probably the most common serious disorder of childhood, affecting around 1 in 30 British children. These conditions are chronic, distressing and impairing, and are treatable, but we are currently doing a poor job of serving these children.
Translating neuroimaging findings into psychiatric practice
Authors: Reilly Thomas J. , McGuire Philip K.
Published: December 2013

Although translational medicine has become a priority for medical science, advances in neuroscience have failed to be translated for the benefit of patients. In populations at high risk of psychosis, neuroimaging could stratify those mostly likely to develop psychosis. This is an example of potentially translatable psychiatry.
Academic training in psychiatry
Authors: Oakley Clare , West Emma , Jones Ian
Published: December 2013

Aims and method

The structure of academic training in psychiatry has changed in recent
years and little is known about the trainees currently pursuing this
career path. Two surveys were conducted of academic trainees in
psychiatry and the heads of departments of psychiatry. These surveys
aimed to identify the number of trainees currently in academic training,
the nature of their positions and opinions about the current system of
training in academic psychiatry.

Results

There were 165 academic trainees identified, of whom 101 were not
currently in academic clinical fellow (ACF) or academic clinical lecturer
(ACL) posts. Academic trainees are located in a relatively small number
of universities, with a quarter being based at one institution. In total,
60% of the trainees were in general adult psychiatry. Only 4.6% of
respondents rated their academic training as excellent and just over half
were certain that they wished to pursue an academic career in the future.
Various challenges to academic training in psychiatry were identified by
both the heads of departments and trainees.

Clinical implications

Current difficulties in academic training in psychiatry, such as lack of
flexibility of the training pathway, need addressing to ensure the
provision of high-quality research and teaching in psychiatry in the
future.
Adaptation of the length scale and amplitude of the Bicoid gradient profile to achieve robust patterning in abnormally large Drosophila melanogaster embryos
Authors: Cheung David , Miles Cecelia , Kreitman Martin , Ma Jun
Published: November 2013

The formation of patterns that are proportional to the size of the embryo is an intriguing but poorly understood feature of development. Molecular mechanisms controlling such proportionality, or scaling, can be probed through quantitative interrogations of the properties of morphogen gradients that instruct patterning. Recent studies of the Drosophila morphogen gradient Bicoid (Bcd), which is required for anterior-posterior (AP) patterning in the early embryo, have uncovered two distinct ways of scaling. Whereas between-species scaling is achieved by adjusting the exponential shape characteristic of the Bcd gradient profile, namely, its length scale or length constant (λ), within-species scaling is achieved through adjusting the profile’s amplitude, namely, the Bcd concentration at the anterior (B0). Here, we report a case in which Drosophila melanogaster embryos exhibit Bcd gradient properties uncharacteristic of their size. The embryos under investigation were from a pair of inbred lines that had been artificially selected for egg size extremes. We show that B0 in the large embryos is uncharacteristically low but λ is abnormally extended. Although the large embryos have more total bcd mRNA than their smaller counterparts, as expected, its distribution is unusually broad. We show that the large and small embryos develop gene expression patterns exhibiting boundaries that are proportional to their respective lengths. Our results suggest that the large-egg inbred line has acquired compensating properties that counteract the extreme length of the embryos to maintain Bcd gradient properties necessary for robust patterning. Our study documents, for the first time to our knowledge, a case of within-species Bcd scaling achieved through adjusting the gradient profile’s exponential shape characteristic, illustrating at a molecular level how a developmental system can follow distinct operational paths towards the goal of robust and scaled patterning.
β-catenin regulates Pax3 and Cdx2 for caudal neural tube closure and elongation
Authors: Zhao Tianyu , Gan Qini , Stokes Arjun , Lassiter Rhonda N. T. , Wang Yongping , Chan Jason , Han Jane X. , Pleasure David E. , Epstein Jonathan A. , Zhou Chengji J.
Published: November 2013

Non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling plays a primary role in the convergent extension that drives neural tube closure and body axis elongation. PCP signaling gene mutations cause severe neural tube defects (NTDs). However, the role of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in neural tube closure and NTDs remains poorly understood. This study shows that conditional gene targeting of β-catenin in the dorsal neural folds of mouse embryos represses the expression of the homeobox-containing genes Pax3 and Cdx2 at the dorsal posterior neuropore (PNP), and subsequently diminishes the expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling target genes T, Tbx6 and Fgf8 at the tail bud, leading to spina bifida aperta, caudal axis bending and tail truncation. We demonstrate that Pax3 and Cdx2 are novel downstream targets of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Transgenic activation of Pax3 cDNA can rescue the closure defect in the β-catenin mutants, suggesting that Pax3 is a key downstream effector of β-catenin signaling in the PNP closure process. Cdx2 is known to be crucial in posterior axis elongation and in neural tube closure. We found that Cdx2 expression is also repressed in the dorsal PNPs of Pax3-null embryos. However, the ectopically activated Pax3 in the β-catenin mutants cannot restore Cdx2 mRNA in the dorsal PNP, suggesting that the presence of both β-catenin and Pax3 is required for regional Cdx2 expression. Thus, β-catenin signaling is required for caudal neural tube closure and elongation, acting through the transcriptional regulation of key target genes in the PNP.
Live cell imaging approaches reveal actin cytoskeleton-induced self-association of the actin-bundling protein WLIM1
Authors: Hoffmann Céline , Moes Danièle , Dieterle Monika , Neumann Katrin , Moreau Flora , Tavares Furtado Angela , Dumas Dominique , Steinmetz André , Thomas Clément
Published: November 2013

Crosslinking of actin filaments into bundles is critical for the assembly/stabilization of specific cytoskeletal structures. Relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying actin bundle formation. The two LIM domain-containing (LIM) proteins define a novel and evolutionary-conserved family of actin bundlers whose actin-binding and -crosslinking activities primarily rely on their LIM domains. Using TIRF microscopy, we describe real-time formation of actin bundles induced by tobacco NtWLIM1 in vitro. We show that NtWLIM1 binds to single filaments and subsequently promotes their interaction and zippering into tight bundles of mixed polarity. NtWLIM1-induced bundles grew by both elongation of internal filaments and addition of preformed fragments at their extremities. Importantly, these data are highly consistent with the modes of bundle formation and growth observed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a GFP fused Arabidopsis AtWLIM1 protein. Using two complementary live cell imaging approaches, a close relationship between NtWLIM1 subcellular localization and self-association was established. Indeed, both BiFC and FLIM-FRET data revealed that, although unstable NtWLIM1 complexes can sporadically form in the cytosol, stable complexes concentrate along the actin cytoskeleton. Remarkably, the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton significantly impaired NtWLIM1 self-association. In addition, biochemical analyses support that F-actin facilitates the switch of purified recombinant NtWLIM1 from a monomeric to a di/oligomeric state. Based on our data we propose a model in which actin binding promotes the formation/stabilization of NtWLIM1 complexes, which in turn might drive the crosslinking of actin filaments.
Single cell imaging of the heat shock response during proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells suggests that magnitude and length rather than time of onset determines resistance to apoptosis
Authors: Ramapathiran Lavanya , Bernas Tytus , Walter Franziska , Williams Linda , Düssmann Heiko , Concannon Caoimhín G. , Prehn Jochen H. M.
Published: November 2013

Targeting the proteasome is a valuable approach for cancer therapy, potentially limited by pro-survival pathways induced in parallel to cell death. Whether these pro-survival pathways are activated in all cells, show different activation kinetics in sensitive versus resistant cells, or interact functionally with cell death pathways is unknown. We monitored activation of the heat shock response (HSR), a key survival pathway induced by proteasome inhibition, relative to apoptosis activation in HCT116 colon cancer cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the Hsp70 promoter. Single cell and high content time-lapse imaging of epoxomicin treatment revealed that neither basal activity, nor the time of onset of the HSR differed between resistant and sensitive populations. However, resistant cells had significantly higher and prolonged reporter activity than those that succumbed to cell death. p53 deficiency protected against cell death but failed to modulate the HSR. In contrast, inhibition of the HSR significantly increased the cytotoxicity of epoxomicin. Our data provide novel insights into the kinetics and heterogeneity of HSR during proteasome inhibition, suggesting that the HSR modulates cell death signaling unidirectionally.
Theory and Calculations of Molecules Containing Heavier Main Group Elements and Fullerenes Encaging Transition Metals: Interplay with Experiment
Authors: Nagase Shigeru
Published: November 2013

From a fundamental perspective, it is explained why the heavier main group elements provide bonds, structures, and reactions that differ from those provided by the second row elements represented by carbon, together with recent topics including transition metals. For endohedral metallofullerenes, it is explained how the cage structures, metal positions and motion, and unique properties, which are necessary for functionalization and applied investigations, are predicted and determined. The importance of close interplay between theoretical calculations and experiment is emphasized to develop new molecules and reactions using the characteristics of elements.
Inferior vena cava thrombus
Authors: Yuan S.-M.
Published: December 2013

Background: The inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus is an entity with many different causes and clinical presentations.

Methods: In the past five years, we treated 16 patients with IVC thrombus and a diagnosis of primary hepatic carcinoma in 6 (37.5%), metastatic hepatic carcinoma in 8 (50%), and Budd-Chiari syndrome in 2 patients (12.5%).

Results: Conservative treatment with enhanced immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the hepatic malignancies led to an overall survial of 82.2% at 16-month follow-up.

Discussion: The prognosis of IVC tumor thrombus is usually poor and the surgical techniques are quite challenging. Surgical re-section combined with chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus has led to promising results. Aggressive radical nephrectomy with IVC thrombectomy remains the most effective therapeutic option in patients with renal cell carcinoma and IVC tumor thrombus. With the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques and the avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass, less trauma and prolonged survival can be expected for IVC thrombus of malignant etiology.
Kompressionstherapie in der Schwangerschaft: Fluch oder Segen?
Authors: Adamczyk A. , Krug M. , Schnabl S. , Häfner H.-M.
Published: December 2013

Hintergrund: In der Schwangerschaft kommt es bedingt durch verschiedene Faktoren zur Ausbildung peripherer Ödeme im Bereich der unteren Extremität. Des Weiteren stellt die Schwangerschaft einen Risikofaktor für die Entstehung einer Varikose sowie thrombembolischer Ereignisse dar. Eine prophylaktische Versorgung schwangerer Frauen mit Kompressionsstrümpfen erfolgt häufig nur in Risikosituationen, jedoch noch nicht flächendeckend. Ziel der Studie war es, den Effekt einer optimal angepassten Kompressionstherapie im Hinblick auf die Ödemreduktion und subjektive Beschwerdesymptomatik in der Schwangerschaft zu untersuchen.

Patienten und Methoden: In einer randomisierten, prospektiven Studie wurden 21 schwangere Frauen (33,4 Jahre (SD 4,4 Jahre)) in den klinischen Stadien C0 (3), C1 (11), C2 (6) und C3 (1) untersucht. 13 Frauen erhielten eine Kompressionsstrumpfhose, 8 Frauen keine Kompression. In 4-wöchigen Abständen wurden die Patientinnen bezüglich des Beinumfanges und der Beinvolumina mittels Wasserplethysmographie und berührungsloser Image 3D untersucht. Parallel dazu wurde die Lebensqualität und subjektive Beschwerdesymptomatik mittels Patientenfragebögen evaluiert. Die digitale Photoplethysmographie, doppler- und duplexsonographische Untersuchungen der Beinvenen wurden zu Beginn, kurz vor Geburt sowie 3 Mona-te postpartal vorgenommen.

Ergebnisse: In beiden Gruppen kam es im Verlauf der Schwangerschaft zu einer linear zum Körpergewicht ansteigenden Beinvolumenzunahme. Allerdings zeigte sich in der Wasserplethysmographie ein deutlich geringerer Anstieg des Unterschenkelvolumens in der Patientengruppe mit Kompressionsstrümpfen (p<0,05). Die Lebensqualität sowie die subjektive Beschwerdesymptomatik waren bereits bei Untersuchungsbeginn in der Gruppe mit Kompressionsstrümpfen schlechter bewertet, als in der Gruppe ohne Kompressionsstrümpfe. Es zeigte sich aber im Verlauf der Schwangerschaft keine Verschlechterung, sondern eher eine Verbesserung. Dabei wurden die negativen Trageeigenschaften der Kompressionsstrümpfe als sehr gering eingestuft, was sich auch in der hohen Compliance bezüglich der Tragedauer der Strümpfe widerspiegelte.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Kompressionstherapie bei Schwangeren wird gut toleriert und wirkt einer schwangerschaftsbedingten Unterschenkelvolumenzunahme entgegen und sollte daher in die generelle Empfehlung zur Gesundheitsvorsorge bei Schwangeren aufgenommen werden.
Thromboembolische Komplikationen und die Bedeutung der Thrombophilie in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Gonser L. , Strölin A.
Published: December 2013

Ziel: Überblick über Pathogenese, Prophylaxe und Therapie thromboembolischer Komplikationen.

Methode: Literaturrecherche in Pubmed.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion: In der Schwangerschaft verändert sich die plasmatische Gerinnung zugunsten der prokoagulatorischen Eigenschaften des Blutes, um dem Blutverlust bei der Geburt entgegenzuwirken. Venöse Thromboembolien (VTE) gehören in der westlichen Welt weiterhin zu den führenden Ursachen für schwerwiegende mütterliche Morbidität und Sterblichkeit. Das Risiko, eine venöse Thromboembolie zu erleiden, steigt in der Schwangerschaft um das 4-5-fache und in der Postpartum-Periode sogar um das 20-fache. Insbesondere bei Patientinnen mit einer erworbenen oder hereditären Thrombophilie kann es zu vaskulär bedingten Schwangerschaftskomplikationen kommen. Hierzu zählen die tiefe Beinvenenthrombose, die Lungenembolie, aber auch rezidivierende Aborte bei AntiphospholipidSyndrom. Empfehlungen im Hinblick auf die Notwendigkeit einer prophylaktischen Gabe von niedermolekularem Heparin werden bei den verschiedenen Thrombophilien individuell getroffen. Sie sind abhängig von der Art der Thrombophilie, der Eigen- und Familienanamnese hinsichtlich tiefer Beinvenenthrombosen, Lungenembolien oder rezidivierender Aborte sowie dem Verlauf der Schwangerschaft. Eine generelle Empfehlung für eine prophylaktische Heparinisierung bei laborchemisch nachgewiesener Thrombophilie gibt es nicht.

Als antikoagulatorische Therapie der Wahl bei thromboembolischen Komplikationen in der Schwangerschaft gelten die niedermolekularen Heparine, da sie nebenwirkungsarm und nicht teratogen sind. Die Therapie der akuten VTE sollte in der Regel bis 6 Wochen post part-um bei einer Gesamtdauer von mindestens 3 Monaten durchgeführt werden. Liegt ein Anti-phospholipid-Syndrom vor, wird zusätzlich Acetylsalicylsäure (75–100 mg/Tag) empfohlen. Da ein Großteil der tiefen Beinvenenthrombosen in der Schwangerschaft proximal auftreten, ist das Risiko eines postthrombotischen Syndroms hoch. Zur Minimierung von Früh- und Spätkomplikationen bei Thromboembolien in der Schwangerschaft ist eine frühzeitige Diagnostik sowie eine risikoadaptierte Prophylaxe entscheidend.
System of Spatial Forecast of Fires Emergence on Weather and Forest Vegetation Conditions
Authors: Коган  , Kogan R. , Глаголев  , Glagolev V.
Published: December 2013

The system of spatial forecast related to emergence of fires taking into account weather and pyrology characteristics of vegetation has been developed on the basis of probabilistic and determined model. Its high reliability is confirmed in the South of Russia’s Far East.
Ecologically Safe Cavity Way of Hydrogen Generation in Water Flows with Low Ionized Plasma Emergence
Authors: Якушин  , Yakushin R. , Нурахметов  , Nurakhmetov T. , Кутербеков  , Kuterbekov K. , Графов  , Grafov D. , Багров  , Bagrov V. , Кручинина  , Kruchinina Nataliya , Десятов  , Dyesyatov Andryey
Published: December 2013

Observed changes of atomic hydrogen radiation line intensity in the spectrum for plasma formations arising at a collapse of cavity

bubbles in the water of high degree cleaning have been described. The constructive scheme of a cell for cavity creation with

subsequent ecologically safe method of hydrogen concoction from a gas mix has been offered. The influence of cavity creation

device material and chemicals impurity on the spectrum for hydrogen’s luminescence brightness and its formation speed has been

experimentally established. The results of experiments confirm the possibility of hydrogen safe generation in cavity streams and

make actual the need for further researches.
New Priorities in the Environment Protection against Civil Aviation Influence
Authors: Николайкин  , Nikolaykin N.
Published: December 2013

The modern directions of environment protection against aircraft influence in the light of International Civil Aviation

Organization (IСAO) decisions have been analyzed. Modern priorities in this activity have been revealed, tendencies

of development related to international and civil aviation, as well as evolution of ecological requirements to aircraft,

civil aviation’s fuel efficiency increase directions and alternative fuels, problems of aviation noise impact on habitat

have been considered.
About Requirements to Protection of Equipment from Explosion during Gas-Rescuing Work
Authors: Богач  , Bogach V. , Никулин  , Nikulin V. , Потапкин  , Potapkin V.
Published: December 2013

The problem of explosive zones’ class definition during gas-rescuing work, as well as requirements related to applied equipment

explosion protection have been considered in this paper. It is established that explosive zones in accident conditions belong to

class 0 or 1. In the absence of data on an accident source and explosive substances’ leakage nature it is necessary to accept 0 class

of an explosive zone and apply the equipment conforming to requirements of special explosion protection during gas-rescuing

work. Liquidation of accident consequences after elimination of continuous leak sources can be made with use of explosionproof

equipment according to 1 level. The equipment of increased explosion reliability isn´t applied during gas-rescuing work in

conditions of explosive mixes formation. It is recommended to accept 2 class related to zones of placement of gas-rescuing works’

command point and gas-rescuing base (inside these zones’ limits the equipment of increased explosion reliability (2Ех) or with

IP 54 cover protection level should be used) in case of their location at a distance less than 5 m from external borders of 1 class

zone. The recommended sizes related to explosive zones of various classes have been specified subject to existence or absence of

gas-analytical control data related to a content of explosive vapors and gases in the atmosphere.
About Thermal Decomposition of Wood Protected from Fire
Authors: Мельников  , Melnikov N. , Акинин  , Akinin N. , Максименко  , Maksimenko S.
Published: December 2013

The data received at research related to thermal decomposition of fire protected wood have been presented. The tests were

carried out by means of differential and thermal analysis methods. These methods’ use allows to study the mechanism of various

fire-retarding agents’ fireproof effect, and also to estimate possibility related to application of new substances as fire-retarding

agents for wood.
The Draft of the Federal State Educational Standard for Academic and Teaching Staff Training at Postgraduate Study in “Technosphere Safety” Direction
Authors: Александров  , Aleksandrov Anatoliy , Девисилов  , Devisilov Vladimir , Галямина  , Galyamina Irina
Published: December 2013

The Federal State Educational Standard draft of higher education’s third level – academic and teaching staff training at postgraduate

study in the direction 20.06.01 “Technosphere Safety” – has been submitted in connection with adoption of the Federal law

"About education in the Russian Federation" No. 273 dated 29.12.2012 and taken effect from 1.09.2013. The training direction at

postgraduate study has been included in the integrated group 20.00.00 “Technosphere Safety and Environmental Engineering”.
Modeling management system of academic staff labour potential
Authors: Хайдакин  , Khaydakin Pavel
Published: November 2013

The article shows the main socio-economic trends, which

defines new approach to the management of academic staff of the

higher education establishments. The main requirement of the effective

management is professional management system focused on individual

characteristics of academic staff. Implementation stages of the management

system, described in the article, help managers to develop competitive

advantages as soon as possible.
Graduates: contemporary trends of the labor market and challenges of quality
Authors: Скачкова  , Skachkova Liudmila , Михалкина  , Mikhalkina Elena
Published: November 2013

The article presents an overview of contemporary trends of the youth labour market affecting on the qualitative and quantitative proportions of the labour force in the near future. Among the key trends it is considered the controversial discussion about the quality of the labour force of graduates. It is proposed the authors' classification of the competitive characteristics of graduates (education, work experience, and behavioural competencies, employability, marketability, social capital), confirmed the results of monitoring the graduates' competencies of economic specialties in Southern Federal University.
Rostrud: everything must be within the legal frame work
Authors: Герций  , Gertsiy Yuriy
Published: November 2013

The problem of enforcement of labour rights of citizens of the

Russian Federation, the labour laws and other normative labour acts

containing norms of labour law. The analysis of performance of public

functions Labour Agency in the field of social partnership and formulated

the problem in this area in 2012.
The Hodgson Review and trustee remuneration: examining the debate on payment of charity board members
Authors: Metcalf Lindsey
Published: November 2013

This article examines the debate surrounding trustee remuneration re-ignited by Lord Hodgson’s (2012) review of the Charities Act 2006. Trustee payment is a controversial issue that has relevance to wider debates about the voluntary sector's identity. This article examines arguments for and against payment of board members, drawing on empirical research into the views of trustees and charity staff.
Demand-led capacity building, the Big Lottery Fund and market-making in third sector support services
Authors: Macmillan Rob
Published: November 2013

An earlier article in Voluntary Sector Review examined the UK coalition government's agenda for supporting a stronger civil society (Macmillan, 2011). This article takes the story forward in the unfolding field of third sector infrastructure by considering key developments in the policy context in the intervening years. The specific focus here is market-making in support services, through a discussion of the Big Lottery Fund's ‘building capabilities’ framework and the promotion of ‘demand-led’ capacity building.
Intergenerational conflict in ethnically diverse ageing families
Authors: Mitchell Barbara Ann , Lai Yvonne
Published: December 2013

This article explores perceptions of intergenerational conflict (IC) in ethnically diverse Canadian ageing families using mixed methods. Building on a lifecourse theoretical framework and an intergenerational stake hypothesis, we examine a number of family-related dimensions. Data are drawn from in-depth interviews with 490 parents (mean age of 58) with at least one young adult child aged 18 to 35 living in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia belonging to one of four ethnic groups: British, Chinese, South Asian or Southern European Canadians. Results reveal that most parents do not report problematic levels of IC and that they often share similar issues of conflict. Congruence in parent–child value orientations is also more typical than dissimilarity. Yet, there is also diversity in experiences that are shaped by societal norms and expectations, ethnocultural heritage, financial circumstances and generationally based value systems. Findings are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implications for professionals interested in IC and ethnic families.
Modelagem dos impactos ecológicos do projeto hidroviário da Lagoa Mirim (Brasil-Uruguai), baseada em Raciocínio Qualitativo
Authors: Goulart Fernando Figueiredo , Saito Carlos Hiroo
Published: November 2013

This study is an application of the scientific mediation process through modeling the physical, chemical and biological impacts of a waterway construction in Mirim Lagoon. Qualitative modelling process, based on Qualitative Reasoning, was conduced to better understand the ecological impact on water environment. The qualitative reasoning simulation show clear trends towards a loss of the physiochemical natural characteristics of the lagoon (“backwater effect”) and a decline of macrofit, invertebrate, water birds and fish species. Furthermore, the simulation showed the spreading of the golden mussel (Limnoperma fortunei), which is an invasive species.
Settlement of an exotic oyster and other epibenthos on plastic substrates at a northern Brazilian mangrove island
Authors: Lima Gardunho Danilo Cesar , Paiva Gomes Cleidson , Tagliaro Claudia Helena , Beasley Colin Robert
Published: November 2013

Management and culture of mangrove oysters may reduce harvesting pressure on natural populations in northern Brazil. Densities of oyster seed, scars and other epibenthos on plastic sheets and bottles were observed over two years at a mangrove island (Ilha Canela), Bragança, Pará, northern Brazil. The only oyster species found settling on the substrates was a possibly exotic oyster (Crassostrea sp. canela) that is closely related to Indo-Pacific Crassostrea and that also occurs in southern China. Densities of seed and scars of Crassostrea sp. canela on bottles were about half those on sheets. Seed and scars predominated (>95% relative abundance) on both collectors. Although densities of other epibenthos were low and irregular, these were positively correlated with densities of seed on both collectors. Oyster seed and barnacles on sheets were more abundant in the wet season. However, in the dry season, seed predominated on the inside of bottles, a refuge from predation or desiccation or both, whereas oyster scars and barnacles were more abundant on the outside. The target species for oyster culture in Pará is Crassostrea gasar. Oyster growers are concerned about potential impacts of Crassostrea sp. canela, the larvae of which appear to prefer high salinity. Seed is regular and abundant as densities exceed published figures for several other Crassostrea species. Knowledge of the timing and density of settlement of this oyster and associated epibenthos is important in order to minimize interference during seed collection of target species. The timing and location of seed collection is therefore critical. We also suggest experiments with collectors conditioned with adult Crassostrea gasar shell remnants, as well as those where limited establishment of epibenthos, such as barnacles, has been allowed, in order to maximize spat collection of the target species, C. gasar, along the Pará coast.
Dietary lysine and methionine requirement of bream Abramis brama orientalis juvenile
Authors: Ghomi Mohammad Reza , Alizadehnajd Ali
Published: November 2013

This study was conducted to estimate the dietary lysine and methionine requirement of juvenile Abramis brama orientalis based on growth performance. Juveniles (initial body weight, 0.80Â±0.08 g) fed 3 times daily with 5% body weight per day with the basal diet containing 0.3 and 0.6% lysine and methionine alone or in combination. The juveniles were cultured in indoor tanks with three replicates per dietary treatment. Bream juveniles fed the diet contained both lysine and methionine at 0.6% showed relatively higher specific growth rate and slightly lower feed conversion ratio at the end of the feeding trial. On the other hand, diet supplemented with both lysine and methionine has better improved the growth rate of the juveniles.
Noise as a useful signal within the nervous system in neurorehabilitation
Authors: Mikołajewska Emilia , Mikołajewski Dariusz
Published: November 2013

The nervous system is one of the most complex known dynamical systems; thus, its disorders are among the most severe. Scientists and clinicians look for the best possible methods allowing for comprehensive understanding and for reliable assessment and treatment of human nervous system disorders. Noise may be perceived as a useful control signal for particular nervous system functions, including further development of neurorehabilitation and clinical applications of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), neuroprostheses (NPs), deep brain stimulation (DBS), etc. The awareness of associated chances and limitations allow for the wise planning and management of further clinical practice, especially in the area of long-term neurorehabilitation and care. This article aims at investigating the extent to which the available knowledge and experience may be identified and utilized, including potential future applications.
Novel radioisotope-based nanomedical approaches
Authors: Olsen Birgitte Brinkmann , Thisgaard Helge , Vogel Stefan , Thomassen Mads , Kruse Torben A. , Needham David , Mollenhauer Jan , Flemming Høilund-Carlsen Poul
Published: December 2013

Radioisotope therapy of cancer is on the rise applying mainly β-emitting radionuclides. However, due to exposure of healthy tissues, the maximum achievable radiation dose with these is limited. Auger-electron emitters (AEs) represent a promising alternative because of their mode of decay within a short nanometer range. The challenge is that their therapeutic efficacy relies on a close vicinity to DNA. To overcome this and to minimize toxicity, the construction of smart nanomedical devices is required, which ascertain tumor cell targeting with succeeding cellular uptake and nuclear translocation. In this review we describe the potential of AEs with focus on their delivery down to the DNA level and their cellular effects. Reported efforts comprise different tumor-targeting strategies, including the use of antibodies or peptides with nuclear localizing sequences. Recently, attention has shifted to various nanoparticle formats for overcoming delivery problems. To this end, these approaches have mostly been tested in cell lines in vitro applying AEs more suited for imaging than therapy. This defines a demand for nanomedical formulations with documented in vivo activity, using AEs selected for their therapeutic potential to come closer to real clinical settings.
Direct Electro-deoxidation of Ilmenite Concentrate to Prepare FeTi Alloy in CaCl2 Molten Salt
Authors: Liu Xuyang , Hu Meilong , Bai Chenguang , Lv Xuewei
Published: November 2013

In order to prepare FeTi alloy using ilmenite concentrate in molten salt by electrolytic method, the electrochemical deoxidation process was studied by cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectroscopy. The electrolytic experiments at different time verified the electrochemical behavior. It is shown that the electrodeoxidation process for ilmenite concentrate mainly consists of two steps. Fe is reduced firstly from the ilmenite concentrate. The second step is the reduction of titanium dioxide with an intermediate product perovskite. At low voltage, the speed of electro-deoxidation process is mainly dependent on the electrochemical reaction. As the potential increases, the diffusion of ion becomes the main rate-controlling step for the electro-deoxidation of ilmenite concentrate.
Epigenetics and Primary Care
Authors: Wright Robert , Saul Robert A.
Published: December 2013

Epigenetics, the study of functionally relevant chemical modifications to DNA that do not involve a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence, is at the interface between research and clinical medicine. Research on epigenetic marks, which regulate gene expression independently of the underlying genetic code, has dramatically changed our understanding of the interplay between genes and the environment. This interplay alters human biology and developmental trajectories, and can lead to programmed human disease years after the environmental exposure. In addition, epigenetic marks are potentially heritable. In this article, we discuss the underlying concepts of epigenetics and address its current and potential applicability for primary care providers.
Acute cytomegalovirus infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in a patient treated with azathioprine
Authors: Kullmann Tamás , Kárász Tibor , Gartner Béla , Issekutz Ákos , Oláh Attila , Rácz István
Published: December 2013

The authors present the case of a 21-year-old woman with ulcerative colitis. Azathioprine treatment was complicated with pancytopenia and septic shock. Acute cytomegalovirus infection related to the immunosuppressive therapy, resulting in hemophagocytosis syndrome and neutropenic fever was diagnosed. Recovery was achieved by the administration of parenteral ganciclovir, broad spectrum antibiotic and complex intensive care. Orv. Hetil., 154(49), 1959–1961.
Normative Cognition in Culture and Religion
Authors: Jensen Jeppe Sinding
Published: December 2013

‘Normative Cognition’ is a theoretical model of human cognition as driven, modulated and governed by symbolically mediated inter-subjective social norms and conventions. The conditions for normative cognition are biological and cultural because norms and values are transmitted in thought, behavior, and institutions via symbolic, i.e., cultural media. Normative cognition and culture are thus considered mutually constitutive. As a domain of culture, religion has had enduring functions in both individual and collective human cognition. This programmatic article outlines first the nature of and the methodological framework for normative cognition and then the necessary evolved foundations in dual processing and cultural coding. Recent moral psychology then provides an explanatory link between innate dispostions and enculturation that enable the developing of moral agents. Religious rituals provide influential examples of the formation of normative cognition. Finally, the normative cognition model is applied and debated in samples of cognitive and semantic governance in culture and religion.
Boys will be boys
Authors: Sanjek David
Published: December 2013

With the expectations of Take That’s fans in mind, as well as those of the band itself, this essay explores the idea of reunion in terms of repetition, change, and evolution. Focusing on temporality and temperament, it explores the role our attachments to culture play in our efforts to make sense of our experiences. The paper examines these issues with reference to three potentially illuminating investigations: first, the consideration of the depiction of homosocial communities in literature pursued by Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick; second, the distinctions made by Bruce Kawin regarding productive and counterproductive uses of time; and third, Frank Kermode’s examination of end-determined fictions and their influence upon how we construct narratives of human behaviour. Editor’s note: David Sanjek, Professor of Popular Music at the University of Salford, died suddenly on 29 November 2011. He had given the opening address at the conference from which the papers constituting this issue were given. After his death only an unfinished version of his talk was found among his papers. However, because of the circumstances, we have decided to include this version here, lightly edited.
When I becomes we
Authors: Hilbert Michaela
Published: December 2013

This study investigates how the two Take That reunions are reflected in their song lyrics and how this marks a noticeable step away from discourse styles traditionally associated with pop song lyrics. Previous studies have shown pop song lyrics to exhibit a set of prototypical features such as high frequencies of the words you, I, and love, which has often led to the conclusion that pop lyrics are usually perceived as highly clichéd and based on a limited set of stereotypical metaphors. Based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis, this article will show that while Take That’s lyrics of the early years are very much in line with this description, they have since undergone some substantial changes with regard to their ‘prototypicality’ as pop lyrics. In line with the band’s own new self-description as a group rather than five individuals, it will be shown that from the first reunion onwards, new participants have been introduced into the discourse (we, they), which are otherwise rare in pop lyrics. This change comes with a variety of new attributes, roles and metaphors, which have moved their lyrics away from prototypical pop music discourse. This study also aims to stress the potential of a linguistic, specifically a corpus-linguistic, approach to the genre of pop song lyrics. It will be argued that such an approach can reveal important developments in the overall structure of a text collection that can hint at substantial changes in the underlying discourse that might otherwise pass unnoticed.
“Masters of our own destiny”
Authors: Baker Sarah , Huber Alison
Published: December 2013

This article introduces the work of a volunteer-run, ‘DIY institution’: the Victorian Jazz Archive (VJA), located in Melbourne, Australia. This archive was set up in 1996 by a community of enthusiasts who saw a need for an archival facility to house the growing volume of jazz ephemera otherwise in danger of being lost from the public record. The VJA survives on a small budget that relies on grants, donations and membership fees, and remains open and accessible only through the generosity of an army of volunteers dedicated to preserving this music’s material history. Drawing on fieldwork conducted at the archive, including in-depth interviews with fourteen volunteers, the article explores some of the cultural and social functions of this informal institution. It describes the ways in which volunteers perceive the importance of vernacular knowledge to the task of archiving jazz, and what this might mean for the sustainability of the VJA.