bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Velocity Control for a Battery Electric Vehicle Driven by Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
Authors: Lu Dongbin , Ouyang Minggao , Gu Jing , Li Jianqiu
Published: November 2014

The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has high efficiency and high torque density. Field oriented control (FOC) is usually used in the motor to achieve maximum efficiency control. In the electric vehicle (EV) application, the PMSM efficiency model, combined with the EV and road load system model, is used to study the optimal energy‐saving control strategy, which is significant for the economic operation of EVs. With the help of GPS, IMU, and other information technologies, the road conditions can be measured in advance. Based on this information, the optimal velocity of the EV driven by PMSM can be obtained through the analytical algorithm according to the efficiency model of PMSM and the vehicle dynamic model in simple road conditions. In complex road conditions, considering the dynamic characteristics, the economic operating velocity trajectory of the EV can be obtained through the dynamic programming (DP) algorithm. Simulation and experimental results show that the minimum energy consumption and global energy optimization can be achieved when the EV operates in the economic operation area.
Semicontinuity of the Solution Mapping to a Parametric Generalized Weak Ky Fan Inequality
Authors: Xu Y. D.
Published: November 2014

Under new assumptions, which do not contain any information about the solution set, the upper and lower semicontinuity of the solution mapping to a class of parametric generalized weak Ky Fan inequality are established by using a nonlinear scalarization technique. These results extend and improve the recent ones in the literature. Some examples are given to illustrate our results.
Decreased Inflammatory Responses of Human Lung Epithelial Cells after Ethanol Exposure Are Mimicked by Ethyl Pyruvate
Authors: Relja B. , Omid N. , Kontradowitz K. , Jurida K. , Oppermann E. , Störmann P. , Werner I. , Juengel E. , Seebach C. , Marzi I.
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose.Leukocyte migration into alveolar space plays a critical role in pulmonary inflammation resulting in lung injury. Acute ethanol (EtOH) exposure exerts anti-inflammatory effects. The clinical use of EtOH is critical due to its side effects. Here, we compared effects of EtOH and ethyl pyruvate (EtP) on neutrophil adhesion and activation of cultured alveolar epithelial cells (A549).Experimental Approach.Time course and dose-dependent release of interleukin- (IL-) 6 and IL-8 from A549 were measured after pretreatment of A549 with EtP (2.5–10 mM), sodium pyruvate (NaP, 10 mM), or EtOH (85–170 mM), and subsequent lipopolysaccharide or IL-1beta stimulation. Neutrophil adhesion to pretreated and stimulated A549 monolayers and CD54 surface expression were determined.Key Results.Treating A549 with EtOH or EtP reduced substantially the cytokine-induced release of IL-8 and IL-6. EtOH and EtP (but not NaP) reduced the adhesion of neutrophils to monolayers in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. CD54 expression on A549 decreased after EtOH or EtP treatment before IL-1beta stimulation.Conclusions and Implications. EtP reduces secretory and adhesive potential of lung epithelial cells under inflammatory conditions. These findings suggest EtP as a potential treatment alternative that mimics the anti-inflammatory effects of EtOH in early inflammatory response in lungs.
Clinical Application of Partial Splenic Embolization
Authors: Guan Yong-Song , Hu Ying
Published: November 2014

Partial splenic embolization (PSE) is one of the intra-arterial therapeutic approaches of diseases. With the development of interventional radiology, the applications of PSE in clinical practice are greatly extended, while various materials are developed for embolization use. Common indications of PSE include hypersplenism with portal hypertension, hereditary spherocytosis, thalassemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, splenic trauma, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, splenic hemangioma, and liver cancer. It is also performed to exclude splenic artery aneurysms from the parent vessel lumen and prevent aneurysm rupture, to treat splenic artery steal syndrome and improve liver perfusion in liver transplant recipients, and to administer targeted treatment to areas of neoplastic disease in the splenic parenchyma. Indicators of the therapeutic effect evaluation of PSE comprise blood routine test, changes in hemodynamics and in splenic volume. Major complications of PSE include the pulmonary complications, severe infection, damages of renal and liver function, and portal vein thrombosis. The limitations of PSE exist mainly in the difficulties in selecting the arteries to embolize and in evaluating the embolized volume.
Social Interactomes for Enabling Research Communities
Authors: Guinney Justin , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Ferté Charles , Friend Stephen , McCormick Frank
Published: November 2014

Summary: Data-driven analyses of scientific abstracts with web apps such as “abstract interactomes” provide a new visualization tool for the biomedical research community to interactively navigate a rich assembly of investigators and identify common research topics. Alternative conference formats such as “social interactomes,” with structured, albeit informal, discussions among attendees, are able to engage fellows and top investigators, facilitate the exchange of ideas, and encourage data sharing and future collaborations. Cancer Discov; 4(11); 1265–8. ©2014 AACR.
A Multicenter Randomized Double-Blind Study: Comparison of the Epley, Semont, and Sham Maneuvers for the Treatment of Posterior Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Lee Jong Dae , Shim Dae Bo , Park Hong Ju , Song Chan Il , Kim Min-Beom , Kim Chang-Hee , Byun Jae Yong , Hong Sung Kwang , Kim Tae Su , Park Kye Hoon , Seo Jae-Hyun , Shim Byoung Soo , Lee Joon Han , Lim Hyun Woo , Jeon Eun-Ju
Published: November 2014

We evaluated the short-term efficacy of Epley, Semont, and sham maneuvers for resolving posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in a prospective multicenter randomized double-blind controlled study. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups: Epley (36 patients), Semont (32 patients), and sham (Epley maneuver for the unaffected side, 31 patients). Out of 14 institutes which participated in this study, 5 institutes had previous experience of the Epley but not the Semont maneuver and the other 9 had previous experience of both maneuvers. Each maneuver was repeated twice if there was still positional vertigo or nystagmus on day 0, and the presence of nystagmus and vertigo on positional testing were evaluated immediately, 1 day, and 1 week after treatment. After the first maneuver, the Epley group showed a significantly higher resolution rate of positional nystagmus than the Semont or sham groups (63.9, 37.5, and 38.7%, respectively). After the second maneuver, the resolution rate (83.3%) of the Epley group was significantly higher than that (51.6%) of the sham group. At 1 day and 1 week after treatment, the resolution rate of the Epley group was significantly higher than those of the other groups. Similar results were seen for the resolution of positional vertigo. The Epley maneuver showed persistent resolution rates of positional vertigo and nystagmus without a fatigue phenomenon. The Epley maneuver was significantly more effective per maneuver than Semont or sham maneuvers for the short-term treatment of posterior canal BPPV. The Semont maneuver showed a higher success rate than the sham maneuver, but it was not significantly different.
Lobular Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Colon, the Appendix and the Gallbladder
Authors: Molina-Barea Rocio , Rios-Peregrina Rosa M. , Slim Mahmoud , Calandre Elena P. , Hernández-García Maria D. , Jimenez-Rios José A.
Published: November 2014

Background: Metastases of lobular breast cancer are commonly encountered at the level of lungs, bones, brain and liver, whereas lesions in the gastrointestinal tract are rarely seen. Case Report: A case of a patient with metastases in the right colon and gallbladder originating from an invasive lobular carcinoma is described. Conclusion: Adequate diagnostic procedures should be performed in patients with a history of breast cancer and who show gastrointestinal symptoms to rule out the potential presence of gastrointestinal metastases.
Mughals, Mongols, and Mongrels: The Challenge of Aristocracy and the Rise of the Mughal State in the Tarikh-i Rashidi
Authors: Anooshahr Ali
Published: November 2014

The present article seeks to re-evaluate the problem of the Central Asian military elite that emigrated to Afghanistan and the Indian subcontinent in the sixteenth century during the foundation of the Mughal Empire. By reading the Tarikh-i Rashidi, the historical composition of Mirza Haydar Dughlat (d. 1551) and the main literary source for the period, modern scholars have developed two distinct historiographical strands of scholarship. Those mainly focused on Mughal India have used the text to argue for the absence of a meaningful political culture among the Central Asian elite. Others, mostly focused on Inner Asian history, have used the text for the opposite purpose of describing a fairly static “tribal” structure of Mirza Haydar’s world. I, on the other hand, will abandon the imprecise and essentially meaningless concept of “tribe” and will rather argue that Mirza Haydar instead chronicles the perspective of “aristocratic lineages” whose world was collapsing in the sixteenth century and who had to adjust themselves to changing conditions that saw the alliance of monarchs and servants through “meritocracy” both in their homeland as well as the new regions to which they moved.
Introduction: The Use of Private Military and Security Companies by the United Nations
Authors: Karska Elżbieta , Karski Karol
Published: November 2014

The work of private military and security contractors is extremely controversial from the point of view of international law and of practice. Sometimes there are doubts as to whether some of their activities should be considered legal activities or illegal mercenarism. Like any other entities using force, they can violate human rights as well as international humanitarian law. They provide their services to, amongst others, states and intergovernmental organisations, including the un. This requires a precise definition of the rules under which such contractors operate, both with regard to the law of treaties and the domestic law of the entities using their services. A question also arises as to whether there is any legal limit to their services being used by intergovernmental organisations, i.e. entities deriving their competences from the will of their member states. The work of the un is an interesting example here. The organisation uses such contractors, but on the other hand, it undertakes various activities to eliminate any potential threats in this respect.
Impact of Subdaily Air–Sea Interaction on Simulating Intraseasonal Oscillations over the Tropical Asian Monsoon Region
Authors: Hu Wenting , Duan Anmin , Wu Guoxiong
Published: November 2014

The off-equatorial boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) is closely linked to the onset, active, and break phases of the tropical Asian monsoon, but the accurate simulation of the eastward-propagating low-frequency ISO by current models remains a challenge. In this study, an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM)–ocean mixed layer coupled model with high (10 min) coupling frequency (DC_10m) shows improved skill in simulating the ISO signal in terms of period, intensity, and propagation direction, compared with the coupled runs with low (1 and 12 h) coupling frequency and a stand-alone AGCM driven by the daily sea surface temperature (SST) fields. In particular, only the DC_10m is able to recreate the observed lead–lag phase relationship between SST (SST tendency) and precipitation at intraseasonal time scales, indicating that the ISO signal is closely linked to the subdaily air–sea interaction. During the ISO life cycle, air–sea interaction reduces the SST underlying the convection via wind–evaporation and cloud–radiation feedbacks, as well as wind-induced oceanic mixing, which in turn restrains convection. However, to the east of the convection, the heat-induced atmospheric Gill-type response leads to downward motion and a reduced surface westerly background flow because of the easterly anomalies. The resultant decreased oceanic mixing, together with the increased shortwave flux, tends to warm the SST and subsequently trigger convection. Therefore, the eastward-propagating ISO may result from an asymmetric east–west change in SST induced mainly by multiscale air–sea interactions.
Climatology and Ensemble Predictions of Nonconvective High Wind Events in the New York City Metropolitan Region
Authors: Layer Michael , Colle Brian A.
Published: November 2014

Damaging wind events not associated with severe convective storms or tropical cyclones can cause significant problems with transportation, infrastructure, and public safety over the northeastern United States. These nonconvective wind events (NCWEs) are difficult to forecast in New York City and surrounding regions as revealed by the relatively poor probability of detection (POD) and false alarm ratio (FAR) in recent years. This paper investigates the climatology of NCWEs between 15 September and 15 May over 13 cool seasons from 2000/01 through 2012/13. The events are separated into three distinct synoptic patterns: pre-cold-frontal (PRF), post-cold-frontal (POF), and nor’easter/coastal storm (NEC) cases. Relationships between observed winds and some atmospheric parameters such as 900-hPa geopotential height gradient, 3-h mean sea level pressure (MSLP) tendency, low-level wind profile, and stability are also presented. Overall, PRF and NEC have the largest FAR, because several events with a low-level jet at 1–2 km above the surface have relatively strong low-level stability that limits vertical momentum mixing. The POD is lowest for the POF events, which have a strong diurnal influence given the relatively deep mixed layer. Verification is also conducted over the cool seasons from 2009/10 to 2013/14 using the Short Range Ensemble Forecast (SREF) system from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Both deterministic and probabilistic verification metrics are used to evaluate the performance of the ensemble during NCWEs. Although the SREF has more forecast skill than any of the deterministic SREF control members, it is rather poorly calibrated and exhibits a significant overconfidence given its positive wind speed bias in the lower troposphere.
Summary of the findings of the International Collaboration on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Prognosis
Authors: Donovan James , Cancelliere Carol , Cassidy J David
Published: November 2014

In 2004, the WHO Collaborating Centre for Neurotrauma, Prevention, Management and Rehabilitation Task Force published the first large systematic review and best evidence synthesis on the clinical course and prognosis for recovery after MTBI. Ten years later, the International Collaboration on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Prognosis (ICoMP) formed to update the original WHO Task Force results. This summary review highlights important clinical findings from the full ICoMP results including the current evidence on the course and prognosis of recovery after MTBI in diverse patient populations (e.g., adults, athletes and children) and injury environments (e.g., motor vehicle collisions) as well as on the risk of long-term outcomes after MTBI, such as Parkinsons disease and dementia. Additional clinical areas of interest in MTBI are also discussed including the similarities between MTBI and other traumatic injuries and the risk of Second Impact Syndrome after sport concussion. Clinicians can use this information to help inform patients on the likely course of recovery after MTBI/concussion and guide better decision-making in the care of these patients.
Synthetic nanowire/nanotube-based solid substrates for controlled cell growth
Authors: Baik Ku Youn , Park Sung Young , Namgung Seon , Kim Daesan , Cho Dong-guk , Lee Minju , Hong Seunghun
Published: November 2014

The behaviour of cells can be controlled by various microenvironments such as nanostructured cell-culture substrates with controlled nanotopography and chemical properties. One of promising substrates for controlled cell growth is a solid substrate comprised of synthetic one-dimensional nanostructures such as polymer nanofibers, carbon-based nanotubes/nanofibers, and inorganic nanowires. Such nanotube/nanowire structures have a similar dimension as extracellular matrix fibers, and their nanotopography and chemical properties can be easily controlled, which expands their possible applications in controlling the growth and differentiation of cells. This paper provides a concise review on the recent applications of solid substrates based on synthetic nanowires/nanotubes for controlled cell growth and differentiation.
Evaluating malingering in cognitive and memory examinations: a guide for clinicians
Authors: Tracy Derek K.
Published: November 2014

Cognitive and memory testing are a common part of clinical practice, but professional concerns are sometimes raised that the individual being tested might be feigning deficits. Most clinicians have limited experience and training in detecting malingering in such cognitive testing, and the very issue raises considerable ethical dilemmas. Nevertheless, psychiatric work faces ever greater potential for legal scrutiny, and failure to appropriately evaluate potential malingering risks professional embarrassment and distress. There is a need for clinicians to make themselves aware of the ways in which malingered behaviour might be evaluated through the clinical history, the use of routine psychometric testing and, particularly, the use of symptom validity (‘malingering’) tests. This article describes these factors and gives guidance on the appropriate reporting of findings.

Learning Objectives

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Better understand the complexities in cognitive assessment where malingering is suspected.

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Understand the types and limitations of the major symptom validity tests.

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Be better prepared to produce documentation and reports stating test findings.
The Birth of the Virgin with Saint Michael Mural at Tabí: The Inmaculada, Eschatology, and Christian Orthodoxy in Seventeenth-Century Yucatán
Authors: Williams Linda K.
Published: November 2014

Late seventeenth-century murals in the camarín of the colonial Church of the Conception in Tabí, Yucatán, include an unusual image of Saint Michael and a dragon in the birth chamber of the Virgin Mary. The murals of the camarín served as a backdrop for the miracle-working statue of the Virgin, which had emerged from the nearby cenote in the early seventeenth century. This study argues that the mural imagery and statue responded to the use of the cenote before and after the arrival of the Europeans: the Virgin as Inmaculada addressed local concerns of orthodoxy and also connected this remote town to broader post-Tridentine doctrines in New Spain. The visual material offers a means of analyzing strategies of evangelization and the complexities of reception within the community of Tabí and more broadly in colonial Yucatán.
MODELING MARKET RISK IN FRONTIER EQUITY MARKETS—EVIDENCE FROM SERBIA
Authors: Milojević Marko , Terzić Ivica
Published: November 2014

The need for understanding financial risk management and unique models for measuring risk in transitional capital markets increasingly gains in importance and becomes a very current issue. This article studies predictive ability of various classes of Value-at-Risk (VaR) models focusing on Serbian equity market in both stressed and normal market conditions. The five VaR models adopted in our evaluation procedure include: historical simulation with rolling window of 500 days, Risk Metrics, exponentially-weighted moving average (EWMA) with optimized decay factor, VaR based on models from GARCH family under three distributional assumptions (normal, generalized error, and Student-t), and Filtered historical simulation. In order to verify the forecasting performance of different VaR models, we employ a backtesting procedure, which consists of statistical tests. The results indicate that VaR based on conditional volatility models with asymmetric distribution of innovations behave reasonably well in both tranquil and crisis period.  Standard VaR models developed for liquid and efficient markets seriously underestimate risk forecast in Serbian equity market under all circumstances.
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AS A MOTIVATOR OF GENERATION Y
Authors: Kmiotek Krystyna
Published: November 2014

Along with Generation Y entering the market place, the human resources specialists have selected significant generation differences.  The generations vary in values, expectations, approach to work, supervisors, and organization.  These differences are very important for human resources management improvement as well as the motivation system in a company.  The existing survey shows that Generation Y greatly appreciates the possibilities of professional development at work and it is important inducement for young employees.  The aim of the article is to identify the approach of Polish Generation Y to their professional development and confirm that companies have to offer suitable conditions for professional development to attract and maintain the biggest talents.  Based on the questionnaire survey conducted among generation Y employees, we attempt to answer the following questions: “is the possibility of professional development the most important motivator?” “Could the lack of the company support for professional development be the reason for giving up the job?” “How does Generation Y take care of their own professional development?” The research shows that the possibility of professional development is not the most important motivation factor for Polish generation Y; this is because they value family, personal relations, and time for their passions or relaxation more.  In fact, these factors are more valuable for Generation Y than money and work.  Furthermore, for young employees the lack of support in professional development by the organization is an important aspect that could cause them to leave the organization.  Despite good preparation for work, generation Y employees still pursue further education, while working, in order to enhance their professional development.  Human resource management practice in Polish companies should consider these conclusions under the scope of motivation system and talent management.
THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF CHINESE MYTHOLOGICAL IMAGE CONSTRUCTION AND REPRODUCTION IN THE TRANSBAIKAL REGION
Authors: Zhukov Artem
Published: November 2014

This article presents an investigation of the mass mentality, which exists under the influence of the Russian-Chinese transboundary relation within the territory of Transbaikalia.  We have also investigated the peculiarities in the perception, of the Transbaikal population within this region, regarding the image of China and its culture.  This research defines the essence of such notions as, “mentality of Transbaikal citizens” and “mythological image.”The objective of this research is to conduct a complex study of the phenomenal mythology, with respect to China, in the territory of Transbaikalia.  We have identified five major factors influencing the construction and reproduction of the Chinese mythological images.  As a result of this work, we have come to a conclusion that the phenomenon known as “cultural boundaries of China,” which acted as a barrier, also served as a melting pot for different cultures and languages, thereby forming the most active zone for Chinese myth creation.
UTILIZATION OF INTERNET SOCIAL MEDIA SITES: STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Grljević Olivera , Zita Bošnjak Zita
Published: November 2014

Intensive internet and social media sites usage has posed certain changes in modern business, particularly regarding relationship with customers. More successful companies have already embraced these possibilities and changes, and improved their overall business strategies. Higher Education Institutions as services providers can also benefit from internet social media sites, particularly in the field of enrollment strategy and attraction of prospective students. Analysis of user generated contents on social media sites can provide the institution with the better insights on its reputation, students’ opinion, preferences, and attitudes regarding the services they provide. It could also provide better groundwork for improvement of its relationship with students. Since different user personalities engaging in social media conversations comprise variety of groups and different usage profiles, the goal of this article is to evaluate the usage of social media sites among students and to identify different user profiles among prospective students for the Faculty of Economics Subotica, Serbia.
MECHANISMS FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH COMMERCIALIZATON: AN INDUCTIVE ASPECT
Authors: Ermakov Alexander
Published: November 2014

Universities are playing an increasingly important role in the development of innovative technologies, so the subject of university scientific research results implementation is extremely important. Obviously, the mechanisms for innovations commercialization need to be reformed by identifying weaknesses and growth factors, analyzing statistical data arrays, and comparing the findings with the subjective understanding of the current situation. After counting statistics in accordance with the current state of the economy and conducting polls, key issues in the current situation for commercialization were formulated. Patent activity was reviewed for classical universities.We have discovered that for the execution of the “third mission” in universities, it is necessary to form media field of innovation, develop the concept of innovative structures interaction, motivate students and staff, and use the potential of student associations. The results of the analysis have practical interest and need approbation in universities’ centers for technological transfer.
Review
Authors: Konecny Brandon
Published: November 2014

Doctor Who in Time and Space: Essays on Themes, Characters, History, History and Fandom, 1963–2012, Gillian I. Leitch (2013) Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co Inc ISBN: 9780786465491, p/bk, $45.00
Aplicación de las técnicas de investigación de operaciones: estudio preliminar.
Authors: Coto Elizabeth
Published: November 2014

El estudio consta de una introducción en la que se anota que se trata de un sondeo preliminar sobre la aplicación de la Investigación de Operaciones. Las ccuatro secciones son:a. Aplicación de la Investigación de Operaciones en el Sector Público.b. Utilización de la Investigación de Operaciones en la Empresa Privada.c. Conclusiones; yd. Recomendaciones.En las secciones Ay B se plantea la metodología y resultados de su aplicación en los sectores público y privado respectivamente.En la sección c se concluye que hay una marcada diferencia entre los sectores analizados principalmente en cuanto a las experiencias y la disposición hacia la aplicación de la Investigación de Operaciones, siendo obviamente mayor en el sector público.En la última sección se recomienda repetir el estudio para actualizar la información del año 87 y plantear un proyecto de investigación que diagnostique las causas de tan marcadas diferencias y ayude a priorizar las aplicaciones que tendrían un mayor impacto hacia el crecimiento económico del país.
EVALUACIÓN DEL EFECTO DE LA TEMPERATURA, CONCENTRACIÓN Y FLUJO VOLUMÉTRICO EN LA HIDRÓLISIS DE SACAROSA MEDIANTE UNA INVERTASA INMOVILIZADA EN UN REACTOR ESFÉRICO
Authors: Molina Córdoba Manuel Enrique , Chacón Valle Gerardo
Published: November 2014

Se evaluó a nivel de laboratorio el efecto del flujo volumétrico, la temperatura y la concentración inicial de sacarosa, en la reacción de hidrólisis de sacarosa utilizando una invertasa inmovilizada. Ésta se inmovilizó en 20 g de soporte de tamaño de malla entre 120 y 140. Se obtiene que la cantidad máxima de enzima inmovilizada es de 0,130 mg/g de soporte a los 220 min.La primera etapa experimental consistió en la evaluación del efecto de la concentración inicial de sacarosa (1,0 y 1,5 mol/L), el flujo volumétrico (3,0 mL/min y 4,0 mL/min) y la temperatura de reacción (45º C y 50º C). Se encontró que el efecto de las tres variables anteriores son estadisticamente significativos. La conversión se favorece para una concentración 1,0 mol/L de sacarosa, un flujo volumétrico de 3 mL/min y una temperatura de 50ºC. La máxima conversión que se obtuvo fue de 95,4 %.En una segunda etapa experimental se evaluó el efecto de la concentración inicial de sacarosa (0,75 y 1,0 mol/L), el flujo volumétrico (2,5 mL/min y 3,0 mL/min) y la temperatura (50º C y 55º C). Se encontró que el flujo volumétrico y la interacción concentración de sacarosa - temperatura son significativas estadísticamente. La conversión se favorece para un flujo de 2,5 mL/min, y es preferible operar a 50º C y a una concentración 1,0 mol/L de sacarosa. El mayor porcentaje de conversión de sacarosa fue de un 94,8 %.En una última fase experimental, se analizó el efecto de la concentración inicial de sacarosa, se encontró que a una concentración 1,1 mol/L se obtiene el mayor porcentaje de conversión de un 95,0 %, para una temperatura de 50º C y un flujo volumétrico de 2,5 mL/min.
Análise da Geração e Distribuição da Riqueza Originada pelas Empresas que Compõem o Ibovespa por meio da DVA
Authors: Klöppel Fábio , Schnorrenberger Darci , Lunkes Rogério João
Published: November 2014

A Demonstração do Valor Adicionado - DVA - tornou-se obrigatória com a Lei 11.638/07 e ficou conhecida por apresentar, no mesmo documento, informações de natureza econômica: geração de riqueza; e social: distribuição de riqueza. Com isso, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo verificar como ocorre a geração e a distribuição do valor adicionado. A amostra é constituída de 36 empresas que compõem o IBOVESPA, representando os setores de Construção e Transporte, Financeiros e Outros, Materiais Básicos, Telecomunicações e Utilidade Pública. Para isto, foram analisadas as DVAs publicadas nos exercícios de 2007 a 2010. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva, documental, com abordagem quanti e qualitativa, realizada com o auxílio da técnica de análise de conteúdo.  Os resultados demonstram, na média do período, que o setor Financeiro foi o que mais gerou riqueza (92,6%) com a atividade fim e o setor de Construção e Transportes o que menos gerou (81,3%).  Em relação à destinação da riqueza gerada no período, mais da metade dos setores destinaram a maior parte da riqueza para o Governo, com destaque para o setor de Telecomunicações (60,1%). No geral, constata-se que os setores destinaram 38,5% da riqueza para remuneração do Governo; 24,8% para a Remuneração de Capital Próprio; 19,5% para Capital de Terceiros e 17,2% para remuneração dos Colaboradores.
A Influência do Efeito Sunk Cost em Decisões de Investimentos
Authors: Altoé Stella Maris Lima , Klein Luciana , Oliveira André Junior de , Fragalli Adriana Casavechia , Almeida Lauro Brito de
Published: November 2014

O objetivo do estudo é investigar as decisões de investimento em alunos e egressos de um Programa de pós-graduação stricto sensu, na modalidade acadêmica, em contabilidade, de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior (IFES) localizada na Região Sul do Brasil, quanto a continuar ou descontinuar o projeto de investimento, ou seja, pretende-se verificar a ocorrência do efeito sunk cost em relação ao estágio de formação acadêmica. As informações foram coletadas a partir da aplicação de um questionário constituindo de um dos cenários de decisão de investimento, proposto no experimento de Kwak e Moom (2010). Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o teste não-paramétrico Qui-Quadrado. Os dados foram tratados e analisados pelo software XLSTAT. A amostra, intencional, foi composta de 46 respondentes. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que a decisão de continuidade do projeto de investimento é predominante, tanto para Mestres quanto para Mestrandos, caracterizando a ocorrência do efeito sunk cost nos dois grupos. O teste realizado demonstrou que não há relação de dependência entre o estágio de formação dos respondentes e a percepção do efeito sunk cost nas decisões de investimentos.
Escrituração Fiscal Digital (EFD): Vantagens e Desvantagens a partir da Literatura Selecionada
Authors: Petri Sérgio Murilo , Koettker Bárbara Heidrich Seibert , Marques Tatiane de Oliveira , Petri Luana Ramos Figueiredo , Casagrande Maria Denize Henrique
Published: November 2014

O objetivo desta pesquisa é revisar a implantação do projeto Sistema Público de Escrituração Digital - SPED, a fim de que se possa identificar e discutir as vantagens e desvantagens da Escrituração Fiscal Digital a partir da literatura selecionada. A pesquisa foi realizada com base em entrevista com funcionário responsável pelo SPED fiscal da Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado de Santa Catarina e a partir da literatura selecionada em uma busca sistemática. Como resultado da pesquisa, destaca-se que: (i) o projeto até então tem se mostrado eficiente ao proposto, como uma aceitabilidade boa dos contribuintes, expandindo gradativamente a excelência; (ii) as vantagens principais abordadas são as melhorias na qualidade da informação, o ganho de produtividade e a eficiência nos processos; (iii) as desvantagens principais são a dificuldade de preparação do pessoal, o custo financeiro e as mudanças na estrutura da empresa; e (iv) dentre as dificuldades pode-se citar o alto custo na implantação de sistemas de informação para a utilização do SPED e a preocupação do correto conhecimento dos contribuintes.Conclui-se que com o SPED-EFD o trabalho intelectual, o conhecimento do contador, sobrepõe-se ao operacional. Exige-se ainda que o profissional tenha visão gerencial, conhecimento em informática, habilidade de aprender e poder de feedback.
Reducing Added Sugars in the Food Supply Through a Cap-and-Trade Approach
Authors: Basu Sanjay , Lewis Kristina
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We estimated the effect of a simulated cap-and-trade policy to reduce added sugar in the food supply.

Methods. Using nationally representative data on added-sugar content and consumption, we constructed a mathematical model of a cap-and-trade policy and compared its health implications to those of proposals to tax sugar sweetened beverages or added sugars.

Results. Capping added-sugar emissions into the food supply by food manufacturers at a rate of 1% per year would be expected to reduce the prevalence of obesity by 1.7 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9, 2.4; a 4.6% decline) and the incidence of type 2 diabetes by 21.7 cases per 100 000 people (95% CI = 12.9, 30.6; a 4.2% decline) over 20 years, averting approximately $9.7 billion in health care spending. Racial and ethnic minorities would be expected to experience the largest declines. By comparison, equivalent price penalties through excise taxes would be expected to generate smaller health benefits.

Conclusions. A cap-and-trade policy to reduce added-sugar intake may reduce obesity and type 2 diabetes to a greater extent than currently-proposed excise taxes.
Charger for NiMH batteries based on buck DC/DC converter
Authors: Lapcevic Vladimir
Published: November 2014

In this paper is presented charger for NiMH battery types AA. Charger is
realized by Buck DC/DC converter and microcontroller. Microcontroller
controls the work of Buck DC/DC converter by pulse width modulation and by
measuring the current of battery charging. The current of charging is held
constant by power electronics, and the time of charging is set by the user
dependent of capacity of the battery. Standard battery chargers enable the
recharge of NiMH battery for few hundred times, because termination of
charging is done when voltage drop on the battery is detected. The aim of
this paper is to create charger which enables that NiMH battery is charged
1000 times.
Selection of the optimal maintenance organization for specific purpose devices
Authors: Radonjic Vojkan , Djukic Slobodan , Jovanovic Danko , Ciric Milenko , Petrovic Sasa
Published: November 2014

This paper is a result of a broader study, oriented to optimization of
maintenance process for special purpose devices and presents the selection of
optimal maintenance variant for selected specific purposes device, using the
method of analytic hierarchy process, with assumed model of device usage.
This paper formalizes the decision process, decision-makers subjectivism
boils down to an acceptable level, impruves optimization approach for solving
the problems in hierarchical systems, and encourages training in the
improvement of decision makers in solving problems of multi character.
Sensitivity Analysis for Urban Drainage Modeling Using Mutual Information
Authors: Li Chuanqi , Wang Wei , Xiong Jianzhi , Chen Pengyu
Published: November 2014

The intention of this paper is to evaluate the sensitivity of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) output to its input parameters. A global parameter sensitivity analysis is conducted in order to determine which parameters mostly affect the model simulation results. Two different methods of sensitivity analysis are applied in this study. The first one is the partial rank correlation coefficient (PRCC) which measures nonlinear but monotonic relationships between model inputs and outputs. The second one is based on the mutual information which provides a general measure of the strength of the non-monotonic association between two variables. Both methods are based on the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) of the parameter space, and thus the same datasets can be used to obtain both measures of sensitivity. The utility of the PRCC and the mutual information analysis methods are illustrated by analyzing a complex SWMM model. The sensitivity analysis revealed that only a few key input variables are contributing significantly to the model outputs; PRCCs and mutual information are calculated and used to determine and rank the importance of these key parameters. This study shows that the partial rank correlation coefficient and mutual information analysis can be considered effective methods for assessing the sensitivity of the SWMM model to the uncertainty in its input parameters.
A Framework of Statistical and Visualization Techniques for Missing Data Analysis in Software Cost Estimation
Authors: Angelis Lefteris , Mittas Nikolaos , Chatzipetrou Panagiota
Published: November 2014

Software Cost Estimation (SCE) is a critical phase in software development projects. However, due to the growing complexity of the software itself, a common problem in building software cost models is that the available datasets contain lots of missing categorical data. The purpose of this chapter is to show how a framework of statistical, computational, and visualization techniques can be used to evaluate and compare the effect of missing data techniques on the accuracy of cost estimation models. Hence, the authors use five missing data techniques: Multinomial Logistic Regression, Listwise Deletion, Mean Imputation, Expectation Maximization, and Regression Imputation. The evaluation and the comparisons are conducted using Regression Error Characteristic curves, which provide visual comparison of different prediction models, and Regression Error Operating Curves, which examine predictive power of models with respect to under- or over-estimation.
Object-Oriented Cognitive Complexity Measures
Authors: Misra Sanjay , Adewumi Adewole
Published: November 2014

This chapter presents the analysis of ten recently proposed object-oriented metrics based on cognitive informatics. The metrics based on cognitive informatics use cognitive weight. Cognitive weight is the representation of the understandability of the piece of software that evaluates the difficulty experienced in comprehending and/or performing the piece of software. Development of metrics based on Cognitive Informatics (CI) is a new area of research, and from this point of view, for the analysis of these metrics, it is important to know their acceptability from other existing evaluation and validation criteria. This chapter presents a critical review on existing object-oriented cognitive complexity measures. In addition, a comparative study based on some selected attributes is presented.
QSE
Authors: Alkkiomäki Ville , Smolander Kari
Published: November 2014

The chapter introduces QSE, the Qualitative Service Elicitation method. It applies qualitative research procedures in service elicitation. Service engineering practice lacks lightweight methods to identify service candidates in projects with tight schedules. The QSE provides a systematic method to analyze requirement material in service-oriented systems development with feasible effort by utilizing the procedures of the grounded theory research method to elicit service candidates from business process descriptions and business use case descriptions. The chapter describes the method with examples and a case study.
Quantitative Productivity Analysis of a Domain-Specific Modeling Language
Authors: Hoffert Joe , Schmidt Douglas C. , Gokhale Aniruddha
Published: November 2014

Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), in general, and Domain-Specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs), in particular, are increasingly used to manage the complexity of developing applications in various domains. Although many DSML benefits are qualitative (e.g., ease of use, familiarity of domain concepts), there is a need to quantitatively demonstrate the benefits of DSMLs (e.g., quantify when DSMLs provide savings in development time) to simplify comparison and evaluation. This chapter describes how the authors conducted quantitative productivity analysis for a DSML (i.e., the Distributed Quality-of-Service [QoS] Modeling Language [DQML]). The analysis shows (1) the significant quantitative productivity gain achieved when using a DSML to develop configuration models compared with not using a DSML, (2) the significant quantitative productivity gain achieved when using a DSML interpreter to automatically generate implementation artifacts as compared to alternative methods when configuring application entities, and (3) the viability of quantitative productivity metrics for DSMLs.
MUSPEL
Authors: García Cristian González , Espada Jordán Pascual
Published: November 2014

Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm that promotes a world in which smart objects and electronic devices communicate and coordinate autonomously to perform a wide range of tasks. From a technical point of view, the development of IoT systems is not an easy task; due to the great heterogeneity among smart objects and the large number of technologies applied, the developers of these systems must have strong technical knowledge. In this chapter, the authors use the eclipse modelling framework to define a domain-specific language that allows specifying the coordination and communication between different types of smart objects, regardless of the smart object technical characteristics. The proposed domain specific language has been designed to be used in an intuitive and easy way for people without technical knowledge. This solution aims to be useful in many areas and to achieve constant adaptation and evolution of IoT systems.
DSL TUNNOS Commerce
Authors: Bermúdez Giovanny Mauricio Tarazona , Arias Ana Belén Rodríguez , Rojas Luz Andrea Rodríguez
Published: November 2014

In the last decade, e-commerce has achieved rapid evolution from simple and static systems on the Web that provided information and promoted products to complex systems and dynamic applications that support business processes. Reuse and interoperability are strategies to face the challenge in software development in a dynamic context and rapid technological changes. To achieve these strategies, it is necessary to work with conceptual models that faithfully collect business semantics and, through of automatic tools (or semiautomatic) model transformation, get the model to be implemented in the appropriate platform. In this chapter, to successfully perform such a task, the authors work on a methodological framework with model-driven technologies that are considered the most appropriate approach, both technically and economically, so that organizations can easily adapt to the technological changes that arise at any time.
An Overview of Climate Change and Impacts on Food Security in Small Island Developing States
Authors: Roberts T. Grady , Rodriguez Mary T.
Published: November 2014

Our climate is changing and this will impact food security around the world. The impacts from climate change will not be evenly felt around the world. Some of the most vulnerable areas will be coastal zones and island territories. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are especially vulnerable. This chapter provides an overview of climate change, discusses climate change projections, and then highlights specific regional climate change projections. It then discusses how SIDS can respond to climate change, introduces gender as a variable to consider when discussing climate change, and concludes by emphasizing the importance of monitoring and evaluation.
Education, Extension, and Training for Climate Change
Authors: Bekele Isaac , Ganpat Wayne
Published: November 2014

This chapter details the education, extension, and training interventions that are needed in this changing global climate situation, with a focus on Small Island Developing States (SIDS); new content will have to be taught, and innovative education and extension methods will have to be embraced. Actions will be needed at the highest levels of government to build capacity in all sectors and funding will have to match programmes and projects. SIDS are by nature not well-endowed with financial resources, and as such, there will be challenges with the training of teachers and extension staff and the conduct of public education activities. Notwithstanding, creative ways can be developed by governments, community leaders, and all civic-minded persons in SIDS to access such funds and undertake the appropriate actions that are needed to educate and train resource persons in these areas.
New Creative Writing “Classroom”
Authors: Girardi Tamara
Published: November 2014

The field of creative writing studies includes commonly regarded forms of distance education such as online courses, but there is an impressive diversity regarding the opportunities available to creative writers. To illustrate this, the chapter discusses the two tracks available to writers. The first features the university environment, where students enroll in undergraduate and graduate creative writing degree programs. These programs could be full-residency, low-residency, or online. However, not all writers are able or willing to enroll in such programs. For these writers, there are non-academic options that are driven not by colleges and universities but by the publishing community. Non-degree writers might enroll in online workshops or communities. Finally, non-degree seeking writers might work independently through MOOCs, extension classes, iTunesU courses, and how-to texts. This chapter discusses the history of distance education as it is evolving and the potentially overwhelming number of options available to aspiring writers.
Exploring the Effect of Knowledge Transfer Practices on User Compliance to IS Security Practices
Authors: San Nicolas-Rocca Tonia , Schooley Benjamin , Spears Janine L.
Published: November 2014

Institutions of higher education capture, store and disseminate information that is protected by state and federal regulations. As a result, IS security policies are developed and implemented to ensure end user compliance. This case study investigates end user knowledge of their university's IS security policy and proposes a new approach to improve end user compliance. The results of this study suggest that users may be contributors to the transfer of IS security policies when provided with an opportunity to participate in the development of an IS security awareness and training program.