bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Until the dawn: everyday experiences of people living with COVID-19 during the pandemic in Thailand
Authors: Imkome Ek-uma , Moonchai Kamonchanok
Published: September 2023

Background: This study aims to understand and analyze the complex experiences of people living with COVID-19 to support future cases.

Methods: Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were employed to collect data through in-depth interviews; the data were combined with non-aggregated behavioral observations. Lived experiences of 15 individuals were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. We used the thematic analysis technique to analyze the data.

Results: Through analysis, themes of stress, economic impact, social stigma, social support, and unexpected benefits were identified. Participants further expressed economic and social concerns during the interviews.

Conclusion: The identified themes can help develop multidisciplinary treatment strategies that would be useful during a healthcare crisis, establish comprehensive support systems that could address economic and social problems, and provide training for employees for post-COVID-19 assistance.
Numerical Scheme for Compartmental Models: New Matlab Software Codes for Numerical Simulation
Authors: Okyere Samuel , Ackora-Prah Joseph , Bonyah Ebenezer , Akwasi Adarkwa Samuel
Published: September 2023

Background: This paper presents a newly developed Matlab code for the numeri-

cal simulation of compartmental/deterministic models. It addresses modeling and

simulation issues concerning compartmental models. The code is easy to under-

stand and edit for the simulation of compartmental models. An alternative codes for

statistical software package R has been proposed for the same model. R software

is freely available for use.

Methods: We proposed a basic SEIR model for illustration purposes. Matlab and

R software codes are developed for the SEIR model which users can follow and

easily understand the computations.

Results: The two codes work on all Matlab and R versions. For models with more

compartments, we suggest using higher version of Matlab and R. Matlab works on

windows, Mac and Linux

Conclusions: New Matlab software codes purposely for numerical simulations of

classical deterministic models which can run on any version of Matlab has been

introduced in this paper. This code can be edited/modify to suit any deterministic

models and any desired output required. An alternative open source free version

has been written in R has been provided as well
Peruvian contributions to scientific publications on experimental research against COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Coronel-Monje Katiusca , Candia-Puma Mayron Antonio , Vilca-Alosilla Juan Jeferson , Goyzueta-Mamani Luis Daniel , Aguilar-Bravo Herbert Mishaelf , Sánchez-Zegarra Jorge Augusto , Barazorda-Ccahuana Haruna Luz , Ferraz Coelho Eduardo Antonio , Chávez-Fumagalli Miguel Angel
Published: September 2023

Background: One of the countries most adversely affected by the COVID-19 outbreak was Peru. Worldwide scientific knowledge creation has significantly grown because of this pandemic. This systematic study aims to examine several facets of Peru's experimental scientific production concerning COVID-19.

Methods: Between December 2019 and June 2022, searches were made in the PubMed database for experimental scientific articles created in Peruvian institutions. Data were extracted and analyzed on the type of biomedical research, the study's applicability, the thematic area and specific thematic, journal impact factor and quartile, funding, grants, and institution of affiliation for the first and correspondence authors.

Results: The systematic review resulted in nine studies that met the requirements. The results revealed that Peru needs to promote policies to boost research funding and the number of researchers to produce information that will be useful for managing diseases in the future. Yet, despite the funding provided by national organizations like National Council for Science, Technology, and Technological Innovation (CONCYTEC), there were few publications and little international collaboration. The studies that have been published focus mostly on applied research in the areas of diagnostics, sanitary products, and treatment and transmission, and they have great visibility because they are indexed in Q1 journals.

Conclusions: This thorough study revealed Peru's inadequate reaction to COVID-19 regarding experimental scientific research. Peruvian authorities should think about supporting the required policies to boost the number of researchers and financial aid to produce information that may be utilized to manage potential new diseases in the future.

Inplasy registration: INPLASY202340080 (23/04/2023).
Prevalence of pre-operative anxiety and associated risk factors among patients awaiting elective surgery in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Adhikari Suman Prasad , Pathak Bishnu Deep , Ghimire Bhuwan , Baniya Sunil , Joshi Prabhas , Kafle Pooja , Adhikari Prawesh , Rana Aakanksha , Regmi Laxmi , Dhakal Bishal , Simkhada Nabin , Tandon Om Prakash , Pathak Indra Dev , Rawal Namrata Mahara
Published: September 2023

Background: Patients undergoing surgery have a fear of anesthesia and surgical procedures that results in anxiety. The global incidence of pre-operative anxiety is estimated at 60–92%. Age, gender, education, marital status, type of family, type of anesthesia and surgery, and history of surgery are the contributing factors. High levels of anxiety during the pre-operative period has negative impacts on surgical outcomes. The main objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of pre-operative anxiety and associated risk factors in a hospital setting of a developing country.

Methods: This was a single center, analytical, cross-sectional study conducted among the admitted patients scheduled for elective surgeries in a tertiary care hospital. Non-probability consecutive sampling was adopted. The researchers themselves collected the data using questionnaires comprised of two parts: semi-structured questionnaires prepared via literature review and Amsterdam Pre-operative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Data were analyzed in SPSS version 23. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed appropriately.

Results: The prevalence of pre-operative anxiety was 53 (25.85%). The median anaesthesia related, surgery related, and total anxiety scores were 4.00, 5.00 and 9.00 respectively. Likewise, the median score of information desired component scale was 5.00. Different anxiety scores were positively correlated with the information desire component score. The patients living in a nuclear family (adjusted OR, 2.480; 95% CI, 1.272–4.837, p = 0.008) and those without past history of surgery (adjusted OR, 2.451; 95% CI, 1.107–5.424, p = 0.027) had approximately 2.5 times higher risk of having pre-operative anxiety. Those receiving spinal anesthesia had approximately two times lower risk of anxiety (adjusted OR, 0.511; 95% CI, 0.265–0.985, p = 0.045).

Conclusions: One fourth of the patients had pre-operative anxiety. Type of family, type of anesthesia and past history of surgery were found to be the independent predictors of anxiety.
Prospective effect of linkers type on the anticancer activity of pemetrexed-monoclonal antibody (atezolizumab) conjugates
Authors: Ibraheem Faten Q. , Maraie Nidhal K. , Al-Sudani Basma Talib , Raauf Ayad M.R.
Published: September 2023

Background: Conventional chemotherapy results in severe toxic side effects due to affecting normal and cancer cells. The conjugation of chemotherapy with mAb will improve the chemotherapy selectivity towards cancer cells and at the same time will potentiate immune system to detect and kill cancer cells. The aim of the study was to prepare atezolizumab-pemetrexed conjugate using two types of linkers (linker conjugated with -NH2 of lysine amino acid in the mAb).

Methods: This study utilizes (for the first time) the mAb atezolizumab (AtZ) to prepare a new, selective conjugate carrier for pemetrexed (PMX) by using gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) as linker for the first time in comparison to the commonly used linker polyethylene glycol (PEG) using carbodiimide (EDC) / N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (Sulfo-NHS) zero length cross linker. Stepwise evaluation for PMX-linkers linkage as well as mAb conjugates was evaluated by FTIR, 1HNMR, DSC, LC-MS, gel-electrophoresis as well as the anticancer activity against lung cells A549.

Results: The work revealed that two molecules of GABA combined with PMX, which in turn conjugated with an average ratio of 4:1 with mAb, while one molecule of PEG combined with PMX, which in turn conjugated with mAb in the same average ratio. The IC50 for the prepared PMX-GABA-AtZ conjugate was 0.048 µM, which was much lower than PMX alone, antibody AtZ alone as well as PMX-PEG-AtZ conjugate in a dose and time dependent manner.

Conclusions: The potential use of such conjugate that selectively directed to the overexpressed lung cells antigen in a low dose leading to reduction of serious side effects of PMX and the cost of therapeutically AtZ mAb used.
Case Report: Hives and faints, an unusual affair
Authors: Toshniwal Saket , Kinkar Jiwan , Kumar Sunil , Acharya Sourya , Tikas Madhukar , Sahai Isha , Ghosh Benumadhab , Naseri Suhit
Published: September 2023

Cholinergic urticaria (CholU) is a rare condition characterized by itchy hives in the form of 1-4 mm small, raised wheals on skin, which are short-lived for duration of 15 to 20 minutes; they are caused by stimuli associated with sweating such as from physical exercise. CholU is also known as cholinergic angioedema urticaria.

Hereby, we present a case report of a 42-year-old male with ChoIU who presented with systemic manifestation in the form of recurrent attacks of syncope. Diagnosis was made after a detailed history taking and all cardiac and neurological evaluations done that were normal, and widespread literature research was done to rule out other causes of syncope as systemic symptoms are rarely seen in ChoIU. His IgE antibodies levels were highly increased. He was managed with nonsedating antihistamines and health education regarding the rare condition.
Evidence for using point-of-care diagnostics in the management of respiratory tract infections in primary care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Cole Judith , Hughes Carmel , Cadogan Cathal , Vellinga Akke , Molloy Gerard , Fahey Tom , Sheaf Greg , Maher Anthony , Ryan Cristin
Published: September 2023

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AmR) is widely considered a global health threat and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and costs. Inappropriate antimicrobial use is the most important modifiable risk factor for AmR. Most human antimicrobial medicines use occurs in primary care [prescribed by general practitioners (GPs), dispensed by community pharmacists (CPs)]. However, up to 50% of use is deemed inappropriate. Point-of-care diagnostic tests are used as a basis for antimicrobial stewardship interventions to improve the diagnostic certainty of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), and therefore ensure prudent antimicrobial use. However, there is a lack of guidance on their use, and they are therefore not routinely used in clinical practice.

Objective: A scoping review will be conducted to synthesise the available evidence to inform the development of best practice guidance for using point-of-care diagnostics in the management of RTIs in primary care.

Methods: A scoping review will be conducted following guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and reported using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Databases including Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, the International HTA database and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, as well as grey literature, will be searched. Screening will be undertaken independently by two reviewers to identify studies and literature reporting the use of point-of-care diagnostics in the management of RTIs in primary care by GPs and/ or CPs. Findings will be described using narrative synthesis.

Conclusion: The findings of this scoping review will be used to produce draft guidance on the use of point-of-care diagnostic tests in primary care, which will undergo further development using a Delphi consensus methodology involving experts in the field of RTIs, antimicrobial stewardship, point-of-care diagnostics and primary care.
Three positive solutions for the indefinite fractional Schrödinger-Poisson systems
Authors: Che Guofeng , Wu Tsung-fang
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we are concerned with the following fractionalSchrödinger-Poisson systems with concave-convex nonlinearities:
\begin{equation*}
\begin{cases}
(-\Delta )^{s}u+u+\mu l(x)\phi u=f(x)|u|^{p-2}u+g(x)|u|^{q-2}u
& \text{in }\mathbb{R}^{3}, \\
(-\Delta )^{t}\phi =l(x)u^{2} & \text{in }\mathbb{R}^{3},%
\end{cases}
\end{equation*}
where ${1}/{2}< t\leq s< 1$, $1< q< 2< p< \min \{4,2_{s}^{\ast }\}$,
$2_{s}^{\ast }={6}/({3-2s})$, and $\mu > 0$ is a parameter,
$f\in C\big(\mathbb{R}^{3}\big)$ is sign-changing in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$
and $g\in L^{p/(p-q)}\big(\mathbb{R}^{3}\big)$. Under some suitable assumptions on $l(x)$, $f(x)$ and $g(x)$, we
explore that the energy functional corresponding to the system is coercive
and bounded below on $H^{\alpha }\big(\mathbb{R}^{3}\big)$ which gets a positive
solution. Furthermore, we constructed some new estimation techniques, and obtained other
two positive solutions. Recent results from the literature
are generally improved and extended.
Compactness in normed spaces: a unified approach through semi-norms
Authors: Gulgowski Jacek , Kasprzak Piotr , Maćkowiak Piotr
Published: September 2023

In this paper we prove two new abstract compactness criteria in normed spaces.
To this end we first introduce the notion of an equinormed set using a suitable
family of semi-norms on the given normed space satisfying some natural conditions. Those conditions, roughly speaking, state that the norm can be approximated
(on the equinormed sets even uniformly) by the elements of this family. As we are
given some freedom of choice of the underlying semi-normed structure that is used
to define equinormed sets, our approach opens a new perspective for building
compactness criteria in specific normed spaces. As an example we show that
natural selections of families of semi-norms in spaces $C(X,\R)$ and $l^p$ for
$p\in[1,+\infty)$ lead to the well-known compactness criteria (including the
Arzel\`a-Ascoli theorem). In the second part of the paper, applying the abstract
theorems, we construct a simple compactness criterion in the space of functions
of bounded Schramm variation.
On the existence of periodic solutions for Liénard type $\phi$-Laplacian equation
Authors: Yang Congmin , Wang Zaihong
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we study the existence of periodic solutions for a Liénard type
$\phi$-Laplacian equation
$$
(\phi(x'))'+f(x)x'+g(x)=p(t).
$$
We prove a continuation lemma and use it to prove the existence of periodic
solutions for above equation when $g$ or $G$ (the primitive of $g$) satisfies some
one-sided or bilateral growth conditions
and $F$ (the primitive of $f$) satisfies sublinear condition.
Topological complexity of $S^3/Q_8$ as fibrewise L-S category
Authors: Iwase Norio , Miyata Yuya
Published: September 2023

In 2010, M. Sakai and the first author showed that the topological complexity
of a space $X$ coincides with the fibrewise unpointed L-S category of a pointed fibrewise space $\proj_{1} \colon X \times X \to X$ with the diagonal map
$\Delta \colon X \to X \times X$ as its section.
In this paper, we describe our algorithm how to determine the fibrewise L-S
category or the Topological Complexity of a topological spherical space form.
Especially, for $S^3/Q_8$ where $Q_8$ is the quaternion group, we write
a python code to realise the algorithm to determine its Topological Complexity.
Conley index theory for Gutierrez-Sotomayor flows on singular 3-manifolds
Authors: De Rezende Ketty A. , Grulha Jr. Nivaldo G. , Lima Dahisy V. de S. , Zigart Murilo A. J.
Published: September 2023

This paper is a continuation of the investigation done in dimension two, this time
for the Gutierrez-Sotomayor vector fields on singular $3$-manifolds.
The singularities of Gutierrez-Sotomayor flows (GS flows, for short) in this setting
are the 3-dimensional counterparts of cones, cross-caps, double and triple crossing
points. First, we prove the existence of a Lyapunov function in a neighborhood of
a given singularity of a GS flow, i.e.\ a GS singularity. In these neighbourhoods,
index pairs are defined and allow a direct computation of the Conley indices
for the different types of GS singularities.
The Conley indices are used to prove local necessary conditions on the number
of connected boundary components of an isolating block for a GS singularity
as well as their Euler characteristic.
Lyapunov semi-graphs are introduced as a tool to record this topological and
dynamical information. Lastly, we construct isolating blocks so as to prove the
sufficiency of the connectivity bounds on the boundaries of isolating blocks given
by the Lyapunov semi-graphs.
The Driver-Aide Problem: Coordinated Logistics for Last-Mile Delivery
Authors: Raghavan S. , Zhang Rui
Published: September 2023

Problem definition: Last-mile delivery is a critical component of logistics networks, accounting for approximately 30%–35% of costs. As delivery volumes have increased, truck route times have become unsustainably long. To address this issue, many logistics companies, including FedEx and UPS, have resorted to using a “driver aide” to assist with deliveries. The aide can assist the driver in two ways. As a “jumper,” the aide works with the driver in preparing and delivering packages, thus reducing the service time at a given stop. As a “helper,” the aide can independently work at a location delivering packages, and the driver can leave to deliver packages at other locations and then return. Given a set of delivery locations, travel times, service times, jumper’s savings, and helper’s service times, the goal is to determine both the delivery route and the most effective way to use the aide (e.g., sometimes as a jumper and sometimes as a helper) to minimize the total routing time. Methodology/results: We model this problem as an integer program with an exponential number of variables and an exponential number of constraints and propose a branch-cut-and-price approach for solving it. Our computational experiments are based on simulated instances built on real-world data provided by an industrial partner and a data set released by Amazon. The instances based on the Amazon data set show that this novel operation can lead to, on average, a 35.8% reduction in routing time and 22.0% in cost savings. More importantly, our results characterize the conditions under which this novel operation mode can lead to significant savings in terms of both the routing time and cost. Managerial implications: Our computational results show that the driver aide with both jumper and helper modes is most effective when there are denser service regions and when the truck’s speed is higher (≥10 miles per hour). Coupled with an economic analysis, we come up with rules of thumb (that have close to 100% accuracy) to predict whether to use the aide and in which mode. Empirically, we find that the service delivery routes with greater than 50% of the time devoted to delivery (as opposed to driving) are the ones that provide the greatest benefit. These routes are characterized by a high density of delivery locations.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0211 .
On the Interplay of Production Flexibility, Capital Structure, and Investment Timing
Authors: Lai Guoming , Ritchken Peter , Wu Qi
Published: September 2023

Problem definition: Modern technologies have made it viable for firms to lower the costs of switching on and off production in response to market changes. In this paper, we explore how production start–stop flexibility impacts joint operating policies, financing, and investment timing decisions. Methodology/results: We develop a continuous-time, optimal stopping model in which equity holders of the firm make operational decisions regarding pausing and restarting production as well as when to default. The degree of production flexibility is measured by switching costs. On the one hand, production flexibility influences the trade-off between tax shields and default costs for the capital structure decision; on the other hand, debt levels impact the equity holders’ incentive to use flexibility by pausing and restarting operations. We find that optimal debt usage is not monotone in production flexibility. Specifically, when switching costs are in a low region, the optimal debt level decreases slowly as switching costs increase. As switching costs increase into an intermediate region, the optimal debt level decreases sharply because the firm needs to reduce its debt to ensure the equity holders maintain flexible operating policies. However, when switching costs exceed a threshold, the cost of compromising the use of debt becomes excessive, and the firm substantially increases its debt to gain the full benefit of the tax shield; in so doing, the equity holders forgo flexibility and maintain production continuously until default. This financing strategy affects the firm’s investment timing decision, which also exhibits a nonmonotone pattern. Managerial implications: When a firm optimizes the debt usage and investment timing, the incentive of utilizing flexibility embedded in the production technology by the equity holders needs to be taken into account. Our findings also reveal new benefits and guidance for the potential design of incentive contracts to mitigate agency costs.

Funding: Q. Wu was supported by Weatherhead School of Management Intramural Grant [Grant IG121420-05-QXW132] for this research.

Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0213 .
Espera!...¿un tlacuache "muerto" en Xochimilco?
Authors: García-González Luis Deyvi , Antonio Trinidad Angélica , Macedonio Sánchez Víctor Manuel
Published: September 2023

La Ciudad de México es la ciudad más grande de la República Mexicana en superficie y número de habitantes por ello se podría pensar que no hay espacio para zonas dedicadas a la conservación, pero aún cuenta con áreas para este propósito y en ellas viven representantes de mamíferos emparentados con los canguros australianos, los tlacuaches.
Are we ready for the next WannaCry?
Authors: Cunningham-Dickie Mark
Published: September 2023

The WannaCry and NotPetya attacks alerted the world to the massive disruption that can be caused by cyber attacks. They also highlighted weaknesses and a lack of investment in our defences. Since then, the threats we face have moved on, having become significantly more sophisticated not least due to the exploitation of artificial intelligence and machine learning. So are we ready for the next big attack?
To get the best value out of data, you have to protect it
Authors: Foster Jason
Published: September 2023

It has become a truism that data is the lifeblood of any modern organisation. But to reap the maximum value from data, you have to use it – and that makes it vulnerable. But this means you should view implementing an effective data security as a business investment – unlocking the potential of your data while keeping the organisation safe.
Impact of random spatial noise of a laser beam on the probability of fluence to exceed the threshold value
Authors: Kochetkov Anton , Kocharovskaya Ekaterina , Khazanov Efim
Published: September 2023

The analytical expressions of the probability for a two-dimensional random function (for example, fluence of a laser beam with noise) to exceed the threshold value over a given area have been derived. The probability is fully determined only by two parameters. The first one, the product of the beam area and the squared second normalized spectral moment, has the meaning of the equivalent number of noise modes and is determined only by the spectral properties of the noise. The second parameter, on the contrary, does not depend on the noise spectrum; it is determined only by the ratio of the standard deviation to the difference between the threshold and mean values of fluence. The numerical simulations are in a good agreement with the theory. The results are generalized to several cases of practical interest.
Exploiting data compression to improve reliability of phase-modulated holographic data storage
Authors: Yu Qin , Wu Fei , Zhang Meng , Xie Changsheng
Published: September 2023

Due to the interference of complex noise in holographic channels and the limitation of phase retrieve algorithms, the reliability of phase-modulated holographic data storage (PHDS) is seriously threatened, especially for multi-level phase modulation. A method for improving data reliability of PHDS is proposed by applying lossless data compression and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, which can eliminate data redundancy and correct errors effectively. We allocate the space saved by compression to store more LDPC parity bits and develop a method to determine the LDPC code rate and a method to manage the free space. Our method does not require the characteristics of the reconstructed phase distribution, which simplifies the statistical analysis and calculation. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that our method greatly decreases the bit error rate (BER) and decoding iterations, and boosts the decoding success probability. For instance, when the phase error rate is 0.029 and the compression rate is 0.6, our method reduces the BER by 87.8%, the decoding iterations by 84.3%, and improves the decoding success probability by 93%. Our method enhances both data reliability and storage efficiency in PHDS.
Multi-focus composite spiral zone plate to generate focused vortices with the comparable intensity based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Liu Jianing , Jiang Ping , Yang Huajun , Qin Yan , Zheng Yifan
Published: September 2023

In this study, we introduce an optical element, named Multi-focus Composite Spiral Zone Plate (MFCSZP), to generate multi focused vortices with approximately equal intensity along the optical axis. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the parameters of the MFCSZP, which avoids manual parameter adjustment and improves computational efficiency. We analyze the focusing properties of the constructed MFCSZP theoretically and experimentally. The results provide evidence for its capability to generate multiple focused vortices with comparable peak intensities verified through experiment. This work shows the powerful ability of intelligent algorithms in the optimization of complex optical elements. The proposed optical element showcases potential applications within research areas of optical trapping and laser machining.
Exploring health promotion efforts for non-communicable disease prevention and control in Ghana
Authors: Owusu Mark Fordjour , Adu Joseph , Dortey Benjamin Ansah , Gyamfi Sebastian , Martin-Yeboah Ebenezer
Published: September 2023

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a growing public health challenge in Ghana. Health promotion can provide useful avenues to reduce the incidence of NCDs in the country. We used the Ottawa Framework to assess health promotion efforts for the prevention and control of NCDs in Ghana. Data were collected using key informant interviews and documentary sources. A content analysis approach was adopted for data analysis using Nvivo 11 Software. We found a strong policy framework for NCD prevention in Ghana with the ratification of several international protocols and resolutions and the development of national and specific NCD-related policies. Implementation of these policies, however, remains achallenge due to limited resources and the overconcentration on communicable diseases. Attempts have been made to create a supportive environment through increased access to NCD services but there are serious challenges. Respondents believe the current environment does not support healthy eating and promotes unhealthy use of alcohol. The Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) program engenders community participation in health but has been affected by inadequate resources. Personal skills and education programs on NCDs are erratic and confined to a few municipalities. We also found that NCD services in Ghana continue to be clinical and less preventative. These findings have far-reaching implications for practice and require health planners in Ghana to pay equal attention in terms of budgetary allocations and other resources to both NCDs and communicable diseases.
Artificial dragonfly algorithm in the Hopfield neural network for optimal Exact Boolean k satisfiability representation
Authors: Ali Ghassan Ahmed , Abubakar Hamza , Alzaeemi Shehab Abdulhabib Saeed , Almawgani Abdulkarem H. M. , Sulaiman Adel , Tay Kim Gaik
Published: September 2023

This study proposes a novel hybrid computational approach that integrates the artificial dragonfly algorithm (ADA) with the Hopfield neural network (HNN) to achieve an optimal representation of the Exact Boolean kSatisfiability (EBkSAT) logical rule. The primary objective is to investigate the effectiveness and robustness of the ADA algorithm in expediting the training phase of the HNN to attain an optimized EBkSAT logic representation. To assess the performance of the proposed hybrid computational model, a specific Exact Boolean kSatisfiability problem is constructed, and simulated data sets are generated. The evaluation metrics employed include the global minimum ratio (GmR), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and network computational time (CT) for EBkSAT representation. Comparative analyses are conducted between the results obtained from the proposed model and existing models in the literature. The findings demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model, ADA-HNN-EBkSAT, surpasses existing models in terms of accuracy and computational time. This suggests that the ADA algorithm exhibits effective compatibility with the HNN for achieving an optimal representation of the EBkSAT logical rule. These outcomes carry significant implications for addressing intricate optimization problems across diverse domains, including computer science, engineering, and business.
Numerical calculation and experimental analysis of thermal environment in industrialized aquaculture facilities
Authors: Yang Zhipeng , Li Desheng , Song Jiashuai , Bao Encai , Wang Qiang , Qiu Yue , Wu Zhaoxue
Published: September 2023

With the increasing market demand for high-quality aquatic products, the application of industrialized aquaculture facilities may get more attention. In order to improve the poor performance of thermal insulation, the accuracy of the numerical model was verified in this study through actual measured data. The model verification results shown that the average relative errors of the measured and calculated values of indoor air temperature, water temperature and roof inner surface temperature in the industrialized aquaculture workshop is within 2.5%, it suggested that the numerical calculation results are accurate. Furthermore, the thermal environment and thermal insulation performance of industrialized aquaculture facilities in winter were conducted based on the numerical calculations. After optimized the thermophysical parameters of the workshop enclosure structure, we found that the water body temperature could reach 21°C (which was close to the breeding temperature of grouper (Epinephelinae). Therefore, the numerical calculation method was further used to analyze the energy consumption of aquaculture water in January of a typical year in this area by heating to three constant temperatures (22, 25, and 28°C). When the aquaculture water was heated to the three constant temperature states, it needed to consume 8.56×105, 1.02×106 and 1.22×106 MJ of energy respectively, which were equal to the amount of energy released by the complete combustion of 29.3, 35.1 and 41.8 t standard coal. Moreover, it is concluded that the artificial temperature increase in winter maintains the temperature in the range of 22~25°C to provide the highest heating efficiency. This conclusion can provide theoretical basis and application reference for industrialized aquaculture in winter.
Characteristics of the right ventricle in left ventricular noncompaction with reduced ejection fraction in the light of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gregor Zsófia , Kiss Anna Réka , Grebur Kinga , Dohy Zsófia , Kovács Attila , Merkely Béla , Vágó Hajnalka , Szűcs Andrea
Published: September 2023

Background

Reports of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) rarely include descriptions of the right ventricle (RV). This study aimed to describe the characteristics of the RV in LVNC patients with reduced LV function (LVNC-R) compared with patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and subjects with LVNC with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LV-EF) (LVNC-N).

Methods

Forty-four LVNC-R patients, 44 LVNC-N participants, and 31 DCM patients were included in this retrospective study (LV-EF: LVNC-R: 33.4±10.2%; LVNC-N: 65.0±5.9%; DCM: 34.6±7.9%). Each group was divided into two subgroups by the amount of RV trabeculation.

Results

There was no difference in the RV-EF between the groups, and the RV trabecular mass correlated positively with the RV volume and negatively with the RV-EF in all the groups. All the measured parameters were comparable between the groups with decreased LV function. The hypertrabeculated RV subgroups showed significantly higher RV volumes and lower RV-EF only in the decreased-LV-function groups. The correlation of LV and RV trabeculation was observed only in the LVNC-N group, while LV trabeculation correlated with RV volumes in both noncompacted groups. Both decreased-LV-function groups had worse RV strain values than the LVNC-N group; however, RV strain values correlated with RV trabeculation predominantly in the LVNC-R group.

Conclusions

The presence and characteristics of RV hypertrabeculation and the correlations between LV trabeculation and RV parameters raise the possibility of RV involvement in noncompaction; moreover, RV strain values might be helpful in the early detection of RV function deterioration.
2-iminobiotin, a selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, improves memory and learning in a rat model after four vessel occlusion, mimicking cardiac arrest
Authors: Peeters-Scholte Cacha , Meilin Sigal , Berckovich Yafit , Westers Paul
Published: September 2023

Survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) experience between 30% and 50% cognitive deficits several years post-discharge. Especially spatial memory is affected due to ischemia-induced neuronal damage in the hippocampus. Aim of this study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of 2-iminobiotin (2-IB), a biotin analogue, on memory and learning in a four-vessel occlusion model of global ischemia using the Water Maze test. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either sham operation (n = 6), vehicle treatment (n = 20), 1.1 (n = 15), 3.3 (n = 14), 10 (n = 14), or 30 mg/kg/dose 2-IB treatment (n = 15). Treatment was subcutaneously (s.c.) administered immediately upon reperfusion, at 12h, and at 24h after reperfusion. Memory function on day 32 was significantly preserved in all doses of 2-IB rats compared to vehicle, as was the learning curve in the 1.1, 3.3 and 30 mg/kg dose group. Adult rats treated s.c. with 3 gifts of 2-IB every 12 h in a dose range of 1.1–30 mg/kg/dose directly upon reperfusion showed significant improved memory and learning after four vessel occlusion compared to vehicle-treated rats. Since 2-IB has already shown to be safe in a phase 1 clinical trial in adult human volunteers, it is a suitable candidate for translation to a human phase 2 study after OHCA.
Control methods for invasive mosquitoes of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Indonesia
Authors: Ridha Muhammad Rasyid , Marlinae Lenie , Zubaidah Tien , Fadillah Noor Ahda , Widjaja Junus , Rosadi Dian , Rahayu Nita , Ningsih Murtiana , Desimal Iwan , Sofyandi Arif
Published: September 2023

The two invasive mosquito species in Indonesia are Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. These mosquitoes are a serious nuisance to humans and are also the primary vectors of several foreign pathogens, such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. Efforts must be made to reduce the possibility of mosquito bites and the potential for disease transmission. Given the invasion of these two Aedes species, this approach should be considered as part of an integrated strategy to manage them. This review discusses existing and developing control techniques for invasive Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, with an emphasis on those that have been and are being used in Indonesia. Environmental, mechanical, biological (e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis and Wolbachia), and chemical (e.g., insect growth regulators and pyrethroids) approaches are discussed in this review, considering their effectiveness, sustainability, and control methods.

Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis, chikungunya viruses, dengue, Indonesia.
Bridging the Gap: Exploring the Interplay Between University Enrollment Expansion, Tuition Fees, and Educational Equality
Authors: Liu Fengcun , Li Shumei
Published: September 2023

The expansion of university enrollment and the implementation of tuition fees have become focal points of discussion in both current educational practices and theories. While increased university enrollment offers more opportunities for higher education, the high cost of tuition fees has pushed economically disadvantaged students to the brink of discontinuing their studies, prompting widespread concerns about educational equality.
Overview of Face Recognition Methodologies: A Literature Review
Authors: Menon Akshay
Published: September 2023

Computer vision and pattern recognition technologies have made a significant advancement in the recent past. A key application of this is face recognition. Its applications resonate in many fields. Various methodologies have been developed for this, and it is essential to compare, contrast and review them on the basis of various factors and aspects to find the optimal methodology. The journey of face recognition technology has progressed rapidly from traditional methods to deep learning applications. Yet, it is necessary to survey all these methods and critically and comprehensively evaluate them, as a majority of them are still limited to variation constraints such as lighting, expressions and orientation and other practical complexities. The objective of this paper is to examine, evaluate and illustrate the strengths and limitations of a range of papers by delving into various distinct yet comparable specifics of each methodology of implementing face recognition systems. The motive is to also culminate the essence of these methodologies to facilitate an insightful perspective and overview of the methodologies in a concise manner.
An Assessment of Rainfall Variability and Trends in Wukari, Nigeria from 1981 to 2021
Authors: Omopekunola Moses Oluoke , Abel Jacob , Abubakar Ahmed , Achimugu Augustina
Published: September 2023

This study assessed the trends and variability of rainfall in Wukari, Nigeria, from 1981 to 2021, using the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data sets. Rainfall trends and variations over the study period were analyzed using Mann Kendal trend test and the Theil Sen slope estimator. The assessment of monthly rainfall variation for the rainy months (May-October) showed an increasing trend for August, September, and October, with August having the highest increasing trend of magnitude 0.051 mmmonth
-1. The result also showed an encroachment of the dry spell towards the rainy season and vice versa. This will create a variation in onset of rainfall and cessation in the coming decades, which will affect the farming season in Wukari in terms of the time of planting and harvesting of crops. A decline in annual rainfall of magnitude -0.005mm/ year was observed within the period 1981 to 2021. The rainfall pattern revealed a periodic trend on a decadal basis with an increasing trend been followed be decreasing trend in the next decade. The highest increasing trend of magnitude 0.73 mmdecade
-1 was observed in the third decade, and the highest decreasing trend in the fourth decade, with magnitude -0.93 mmdecade
-1. Based on the trend pattern, an increasing trend in rainfall amount is expected in next decade (2021-2030), with a higher increasing trend magnitude greater than that of the third decade. Therefore, it is recommended that Government Agencies and stakeholders in the agriculture sector should be proactive in educating/enlightening farmers on the likelihood of a change in the farming season and make adequate preparation to mitigate the effect of flooding in the area.
POPULATION GROWTH AND ITS IMPACT ON HOUSING
Authors: Tyoakaa Nanen Peter , Mkpo Tersoo George
Published: September 2023

This study was carried to assess population growth and its impact on housing in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State. The objectives of the study were to examine the trend of population growth in Mubi North, to identify the causes of rapid population growth and examine the consequences of population growth on housing in the study area. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Random sampling was used in identifying the households and questionnaire was the major instrument for data collection among 320 respondents. The data generated from the study were analyzed using simple percentages and trend analysis and presented on tables, bar charts and graphs. Information on the trend of population growth showed that the study area has experienced rapid population growth from 150,000 persons in 2006 to approximately 250,000 persons in 2022. The causes of population growth were attributed to culture and beliefs, underutilization of contraceptives and the male child preference factor. The rapid population growth brought about housing challenges as seen in the substandard houses of the people, 97% of the houses had more 2-5 persons living in a room. Houses were sharing facilities such as toilets, bathrooms. Other housing challenges faced due to rapid population growth were high cost of house rent, increase in the competition for houses, increase in the number of squash settlements among others. The study showed that poor housing condition has negatively affected the people by increasing the chances of contagious diseases a d lowering their standard of living. The study, therefore, recommends among others that family planning should be encouraged by the government by subsidizing contraceptives and making it available in both private and government hospitals for easy accessibility. The people in the study area also needs to be educated on the implications of rapid population growth by organizing public awareness campaigns, television adverts and radio jingles.
Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Optical Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review of Its Role in Leave-In-Situ and Resect-and-Discard Strategies in Colonoscopy
Authors: El Zoghbi Maysaa , Shaukat Aasma , Hassan Cesare , Anderson Joseph C. , Repici Alessandro , Gross Seth A.
Published: September 2023

Colorectal cancer screening plays a vital role in early detection and removal of precancerous adenomas, contributing to decreased mortality rates. Most polyps found during colonoscopies are small and unlikely to harbor advanced neoplasia or invasive cancer, leading to the development of “leave-in-situ” and “resect-and-discard” approaches. These strategies could lead to significant cost savings and efficiencies, but their implementation has been hampered by concerns around financial incentives, medical-legal risks, and local rules for tissue handling. This article reviews the potential of artificial intelligence to enhance the accuracy of polyp diagnosis through computer-aided diagnosis (CADx). While the adoption of CADx in optical biopsy has shown mixed results, it has the potential to significantly improve the management of colorectal polyps. Several studies reviewed in this article highlight the varied results of CADx in optical biopsy for colorectal polyps. Although artificial intelligence does not consistently outperform expert endoscopists, it has the potential to serve as a beneficial secondary reader, aiding in accurate optical diagnosis and increasing the confidence of the endoscopist. These studies indicate that although CADx holds great potential, it is yet to fully meet the performance thresholds necessary for clinical implementation.
Esophageal Function and Reflux Evaluations in Lung Transplantation: A Nationwide Survey of UNOS Accredited Transplant Centers in the US
Authors: Leung Ryan , Lo Wai-Kit , Sharma Nirmal S. , Goldberg Hilary J. , Chan Walter W.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease has been associated with worse lung transplant outcomes. We aimed to assess local practices for esophageal function testing (EFT) across transplant centers.

Methods:

Survey study of all UNOS-accredited adult lung transplant centers regarding local EFT practice.

Results:

Among 39/63 (60%) responded centers, 38.5% required any EFT (35.9% esophageal manometry, 15.4% pH-monitoring, and 28.2% pH-impedance), while another 28.2% may consider EFT based on symptoms. Five-year transplant volume was higher among centers requiring EFT (253 vs 159, p=0.04).

Conclusion:

Only a minority of lung transplant centers routinely obtained EFT, supporting the need for guidelines for standardized reflux/esophageal assessment.
Ensino de Língua Portuguesa baseado em Competências versus a Formação Social do Indivíduo
Authors: Bedran Patrícia Fabiana
Published: September 2023

Tendo por base o referencial teórico da perspectiva sociocultural (VYGOTSKY, 1999, 2010, 2011) e do modelo ideológico de letramento (STREET, 1995; 2006), este artigo objetiva criar inteligibilidades sobre a proposta de aprendizagens essenciais de Língua Portuguesa da BNCC. De forma mais específica, almeja-se investigar como se constitui a proposta de formação do aluno, tendo em vista conceitos e pressupostos teóricos usados para fundamentar, organizar e sistematizar a apresentação do conteúdo curricular. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, de base qualitativa (CAULLEY, 1983), que tem o compromisso com a descrição e interpretação dos fatos (ANDRÉ, 2000). Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que o documento parece contemplar uma proposta de formação do aluno mais situada e contextualizada, de imersão em práticas sociais de uso de gêneros textuais, com base em uma concepção de língua de base enunciativo-discursiva, associada à construção de sua identidade, e na observância de fatores emocionais, que são contemplados e abarcados pelo modelo de Ensino baseado em Competências. A grande questão é que se trata de uma forma simplória e menos obstrutiva de incorporar questões tão caras para uma formação contemporânea, que deveria estar voltada  para a superação de desigualdades sociais e econômicas, e que, intencionalmente, em atendimento às exigências neoliberais, além de não reequilibrar os elementos centrais do currículo, com vistas à manutenção das ideologias vigentes que constituem o processo educacional e o social, justifica as contradições que podem ser observadas ao longo do documento e exigem uma postura muito mais questionadora e reflexiva do educador-leitor.