bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot O‐Sulfinative Passerini/Oxidation Reaction: Synthesis of α‐(Sulfonyloxy)amide Derivatives.
Authors: Soeta Takahiro , Matsuzaki Syunsuke , Ukaji Yutaka
Published: August 2015

Cinnamyl and aryl aldehydes as well as aryl isocyanides [except (VI)] do not react or give low yields only.
ChemInform Abstract: General Preparation of 1‐Substituted (E)‐1,3‐Dienes under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Soengas Raquel G. , Rodriguez‐Solla Humberto , Diaz‐Pardo Ainhoa , Acurcio Rita , Concellon Carmen , del Amo Vicente , Silva Artur M. S.
Published: August 2015

This straightforward protocol is based on a reductive, metal‐mediated β‐elimination reaction of chloroallylacetates affording 1‐substituted 1,3‐dienes stereoselectively with high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Strategy for the Synthesis of β‐ and γ‐Fluorinated Ketones.
Authors: Zhao Huijun , Fan Xuefeng , Yu Jiajia , Zhu Chen
Published: August 2015

Starting from tertiary cyclopropanol and cyclobutanol precursors, a variety of β‐ and γ‐fluorinated ketones are efficiently synthesized via silver‐catalyzed ring opening reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Vinyltrifluoromethylation of Aryl Halides Through Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling with 2‐(Trifluoromethyl)acrylic Acid.
Authors: Kathiravan Subban , Nicholls Ian A.
Published: August 2015

A stereoselective synthesis of β‐(trifluoromethyl)styrenes from aryl bromides is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Diverse Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Secondary Propargylamines in Water Using CuCl/CuCl2.
Authors: Trang Tran Thi Thu , Ermolat'ev Denis S. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: August 2015

The novel protocol provides a wide range of secondary propargylamines equipped with diverse substituents in generally high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Hydroiodination of Dienyl Alcohols with TMSI to Form Homoallylic Alcohols Containing a Multisubstituted Z‐Alkene and Application to Prins Cyclization.
Authors: Xu Yongjin , Yin Zhiping , Lin Xinglong , Gan Zubao , He Yanyang , Gao Lu , Song Zhenlei
Published: August 2015

A new regioselective 1,4‐hydroiodination of dienyl alcohols is developed using trimethylsilyl iodide as Lewis acid and iodide source.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Sulfonyloximes and Their Use in Free‐Radical Olefin Carbo‐Oximation.
Authors: Ovadia Benjamin , Robert Frederic , Landais Yannick
Published: August 2015

Bifunctional sulfonyl oximes are prepared and utilized in tin‐mediated radical addition reactions with alkenes to yield functionalized oxime ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective α‐Hydroxymethylation of Aldehydes: Mechanistic Aspects and Optimization.
Authors: Boeckman Robert K. Jr. , Biegasiewicz Kyle F. , Tusch Douglas J. , Miller John R.
Published: August 2015

The reaction proceeds via the 1,3‐dioxane‐4‐ol intermediates (III) that can be trapped by Pinnick oxidation as α‐hydroxymethylalkanoic acids or by Wittig reaction with (IX) as 2‐methyl‐4‐hydroxymethyl‐alk‐2‐enoic acid esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyl Azolium Fluorides for Room Temperature Nucleophilic Aromatic Fluorination of Chloro‐ and Nitroarenes.
Authors: Ryan Sarah J. , Schimler Sydonie D. , Bland Douglas C. , Sanford Melanie S.
Published: August 2015

SNAr fluorination of chloro‐ and nitro arenes is accomplished using acyl azolium fluorides, generated from acyl fluorides and an N‐heterocyclic carbene.
ChemInform Abstract: C—N Cross‐Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Reusable CuCr2O4 Nanoparticles under Ligand‐Free Conditions: A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Triarylamines.
Authors: Safaei‐Ghomi Javad , Akbarzadeh Zeinab , Khojastehbakht‐Koopaei Bahareh
Published: August 2015

The efficient procedure provides the products with high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxyanthranilate Derivatives Using Furans, Bromoalkyne, and Secondary Amines.
Authors: Shinohara Hiroyuki , Sonoda Motohiro , Hayagane Naoya , Kita Shota , Okushima Shunsuke , Tanimori Shinji , Ogawa Akiya
Published: August 2015

The synthesis of 3‐hydroxyanthranilate derivatives is achieved through Diels—Alder reaction of furans with alkyne (II), followed by conjugate addition of amine, dehydrobromination, and a ring‐opening aromatization reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe(TAML)Li/tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide as a New Combination for Benzylic C—H Oxidation.
Authors: Napoly Francois , Kieffer Raphaelle , Jean‐Gerard Ludivine , Goux‐Henry Catherine , Draye Micheline , Andrioletti Bruno
Published: August 2015

A new mild and environmental friendly benzylic oxidation with good to excellent yields is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Air Oxidative Radical Hydroxysulfurization of Styrenes Leading to β‐Hydroxysulfides.
Authors: Zhou Shao‐Fang , Pan Xiangqiang , Zhou Zhi‐Hao , Shoberu Adedamola , Zou Jian‐Ping
Published: August 2015

Aside the shown failed reactions, the following substrates also do not react: allylbenzene and 4‐phenylbut‐1‐ene as well as 2‐sulfanylfuran and ‐pyridine.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Palladium(II)‐1‐methylimidazole Complex‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Benzyl Sulfonates with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Xia , Xu Bin‐Bin , Song Wen‐Ting , Sun Kai‐Xin , Lu Jian‐Mei
Published: August 2015

Various diarylmethanes are conveniently and efficiently obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Domino Reactions of Aryl Grignard Reagents, Alkynes, and Aryl Halides Producing Tetrasubstituted Alkenes.
Authors: Xue Fei , Zhao Jin , Hor T. S. Andy , Hayashi Tamio
Published: August 2015

A three‐component Ni‐catalyzed coupling reaction of internal alkynes with aryl Grignard reagents and aryl iodides is presented to give fully substituted tetraaryl and triaryl ethenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Spirooxindole‐Pyrazolines and Spirobenzofuranone‐Pyrazolines and Their Fungicidal Activity.
Authors: Yang Changjiang , Li Juanjuan , Zhou Rong , Chen Xiangyu , Gao Yunpeng , He Zhengjie
Published: August 2015

A variety of the spirocyclic heterocycles are synthesized in good yields by annulation reactions of corresponding 3‐alkylideneoxindoles or 3‐alkylidenebenzofuranones with Huisgen zwitterions.
ChemInform Abstract: Unique Chemoselective Paal—Knorr Reaction Catalyzed by MgI2 Etherate under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Zhang Xingxian , Weng Guodong , Zhang Yongdong , Li Pengcheng
Published: August 2015

A simple solvent‐free procedure is elaborated for the synthesis of pyrroles (III) and (V) from amines and diones.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese Catalyzed C—H Functionalization of Indoles with Alkynes to Synthesize Bis/trisubstituted Indolylalkenes and Carbazoles: The Acid is the Key to Control Selectivity.
Authors: Shi Lijun , Zhong Xiang , She Houde , Lei Ziqiang , Li Fuwei
Published: August 2015

C—H alkenylation reactions of indoles with terminal‐ and internal alkynes are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: An NHC‐Catalyzed in situ Activation Strategy to β‐Functionalize Saturated Carboxylic Acid: An Enantioselective Formal [3 + 2] Annulation for Spirocyclic Oxindolo‐γ‐butyrolactones.
Authors: Xie Yuanwei , Yu Chenxia , Li Tuanjie , Tu Shujiang , Yao Changsheng
Published: August 2015

In situ activation of the starting carboxylic acids renders possible a direct functionalization at the unreactive β‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Construction of Pyrazoles via Michael Addition of N‐Arylhydrazones to 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: Mantenuto Serena , Mantellini Fabio , Favi Gianfranco , Attanasi Orazio A.
Published: August 2015

The NaH‐catalyzed Michael addition of N‐arylhydrazones (II) with 1,2‐diaza‐1,3‐dienes leads to novel β‐azohydrazones (III), which are converted into hydroxyl pyrazoles (IV) by a ring closure reaction in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of NaH.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica Gel Promoted Environment‐Friendly Synthesis of α‐Amino Amidines and Regioselective Transformation of α‐Amino Amidines into Amidino Substituted Indazoles.
Authors: Sagar A. , Babu Venkata Nagarjuna , Sharada Duddu. S.
Published: August 2015

The scalable preparation of α‐amino amidines is based on a three‐component Ugi‐type reaction promoted by silica gel which is recycled and reused in two successive runs with marginal loss of its activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of Benzimidazoles Using Amides.
Authors: Kattimani Pramod P. , Kamble Ravindra R. , Meti Gangadhar Y.
Published: August 2015

The synthesis of benzimidazoles starting from substituted phenylen‐1,2‐diamines and N,N‐dimethylformamide, aryl or alkyl amides is performed under conventional heating as well as heating under microwave irradiation with the latter providing higher product yields after shorter reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Dithiocarbamate Promoted Practical Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐2‐aminobenzazoles: Synthesis of Novel Aurora‐A Kinase Inhibitor.
Authors: Katari Naresh Kumar , Venkatanarayana M. , Srinivas Kummari
Published: August 2015

A variety of 2‐arylaminobenzoxazole and ‐thiazole derivatives are synthesized via reactions of corresponding o‐amino(thio)phenols with dithiocarbamate.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Substituted 5‐Aminotetrazoles from Selenoureas Using PhI(OAc)2.
Authors: Xie Yuanyuan , Guo Dongyan , Jiang Xiaoying , Pan Haixuan , Wang Wenhui , Jin Tingting , Mi Zhisheng
Published: August 2015

A metal‐free and environmentally acceptable synthesis of 5‐aminotetrazoles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Cyclodextrin as a Supramolecular Catalyst for the Synthesis of Dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole and Spiro[indoline‐3,4′‐pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole] in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Tayade Yogesh A. , Padvi Swapnil A. , Wagh Yogesh B. , Dalal Dipak S.
Published: August 2015

The methodology is advantageous with regards to higher yields of products, short reaction times, and neutral reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromodimethylsulfonium Bromide: An Efficient Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of 4‐Phenacylidene Flavene Derivatives.
Authors: Bhattacharjee Suchandra , Das Deb K. , Khan Abu T.
Published: August 2015

A facile protocol is presented for the synthesis of the title species through condensation of salicylaldehydes and acetophenones.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light Initiated Oxidative Cyclization of Phenyl Propiolates with Sulfinic Acids to Coumarin Derivatives under Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Yang Wenchao , Yang Shuai , Li Pinhua , Wang Lei
Published: August 2015

A simple procedure is elaborated for the synthesis of coumarins by an eosin‐catalyzed photooxidative cyclization of aryl 3‐arylpropionates with sulfinic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed C—H Alkylation of 8‐Aminoquinolines via 8‐Amide Chelation Assistance.
Authors: Xia Xiao‐Feng , Zhu Su‐Li , Gu Zhen , Wang Haijun
Published: August 2015

The operationally simple method delivers 2‐substituted 8‐aminoquinolines upon application of tertiary alkyl carboxylic acids as the alkylating agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of N‐Carbamoyl Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Sun Shutao , Li Chengkun , Floreancig Paul E. , Lou Hongxiang , Liu Lei
Published: August 2015

The reaction provides access to 1‐alkinyl substituted 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines while tolerating a range of functional groups on both, the tetrahydroisoquinoline and the alkyne moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted N‐Fused Heteroaromatic Bicycles from Azole Aldehydes.
Authors: Outlaw Victor K. , d'Andrea Felipe B. , Townsend Craig A.
Published: August 2015

Starting from pyrrole‐ and imidazolecarboxaldehydes, Wittig olefination or alkylation with fumaronitrile and sequential cycloaromatization leads to indolizines and imidazopyridines, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Au‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Reactions of 2‐(1‐Alkynyl‐cyclopropyl)pyridines with Nucleophiles.
Authors: Liu Ren‐Rong , Ye Shi‐Chun , Lu Chuan‐Jun , Xiang Bin , Gao Jianrong , Jia Yi‐Xia
Published: August 2015

Structurally diverse indolizines are efficiently obtained under mild reaction conditions by gold‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of 2‐(1‐alkynylcyclopropyl)pyridines in the presence of a series of N‐, C‐, and O‐ based nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid Route for the Preparation of Pyrimido[5,4‐d]‐ and Pyrido[3,2‐d]oxazoles.
Authors: Lemaire Lucas , Leleu‐Chavain Natascha , Tourteau Aurelien , Abdul‐Sada Alaa , Spencer John , Millet Regis
Published: August 2015

The substrate (I) is found to be a very efficient building block for the construction of the title heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Approach for the Syntheses of Rutaecarpine and Its Analogues.
Authors: Liang Li‐Na , An Rui , Huang Tao , Xu Mei , Hao Xiao‐Jiang , Pan Wei‐Dong , Liu Sheng
Published: August 2015

The novel three step route to rutaecarpine (VIa) and its analogues involves the cyclization of compound (V) as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Csp2—H Carbonylation of Aromatic Oximes: Selective Access to Benzo[d][1,2]oxazin‐1‐ones and 3‐Methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones.
Authors: Xu Yanli , Hu Weigao , Tang Xiaodong , Zhao Jinwu , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: August 2015

The N—OH group acts either as a directing and/or an internal oxidant depending on the applied conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Transfer of Chirality in the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Formal Hetero‐[5 + 2] Cycloaddition of Vinyl Aziridines and Alkynes: Stereoselective Synthesis of Fused Azepine Derivatives.
Authors: Feng Jian‐Jun , Lin Tao‐Yan , Wu Hai‐Hong , Zhang Junliang
Published: August 2015

It is demonstrated, that the stereochemical information of vinyl‐alkyne substrates containing a chiral aziridine substituent can be transferred to fused dihydroazepine derivatives by a Rh‐catalyzed formal [5 + 2] cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vinyl Boronates from Aldehydes by a Practical Boron—Wittig Reaction.
Authors: Coombs John R. , Zhang Liang , Morken James P.
Published: August 2015

A scalable, transition‐metal free Wittig reaction starting from geminally substituted and unsubstituted bis(boronates) and a diverse range of alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl aldehydes to 1,2‐ and 1,2‐disubstitued as well as trisubstituted vinyl boronates is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: A Quaternary Ammonium Salt [H‐dabco][AcO]: As a Recyclable and Highly Efficient Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Phosphonomalonates.
Authors: Yu Ya‐Qin , Xu Da‐Zhen
Published: August 2015

The scalable, operationally simple one‐pot multicomponent procedure provides the products with high to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: An Approach to Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Aryl Alanines by Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling and Cyanate‐to‐Isocyanate Rearrangement.
Authors: Szczesniak Piotr , Stecko Sebastian
Published: August 2015

A new method for the asymmetric synthesis of β‐arylalanines (X) is developed involving the Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of chiral allyl alcohols (I) with arylboronic acids and the Ichikawa sigmatropic rearrangement of allyl cyanates to isocyanates [→ (VIII)] as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Chaetosemins A—E, New Chromones Isolated from an Ascomycete Chaetomium seminudum and Their Biological Activities.
Authors: Li He , Tian Jun‐Mian , Tang Hao‐Yu , Pan Shi‐Yin , Zhang An‐Ling , Gao Jin‐Ming
Published: August 2015

Chaetosemins A—C (Ia‐c), D (II) and E (III) as well as chaetoquadrin J (Id) are isolated and evaluated towards their antifungal, antioxidant and sEH inhibitory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Polydispersity Hyperbranched Polyphenylene Sulfide as a Protectant for Palladium Nanocomposites.
Authors: Meng Yuzhu , Zhang Chongyang , Xu Lan , Kuang Jinzhi , Bi Ruilin
Published: August 2015

A new hyperbranched poly(phenylene sulfide) (HPPS) is successfully synthesized by modified polycondensation of an AB2 monomer with a core molecule.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetically Active Carbon Nanotubes at Work
Authors: Stopin Antoine , Pineux Florent , Marega Riccardo , Bonifazi Davide
Published: August 2015

Review: [preparation and application of hybrid materials of magnetic nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes; 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Mediated Direct Carbon—Hydrogen Bond Functionalizations
Authors: Cai Xiao‐hua , Xie Bing
Published: August 2015

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advancements in Calix[4]pyrrole‐Based Anion‐Receptor Chemistry
Authors: Saha Indrajit , Lee Jeong Tae , Lee Chang‐Hee
Published: August 2015

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Electrons and Holes: Formal Potential Scales and Preparative Organic Electrochemistry
Authors: Luca Oana R. , Gustafson Jeffrey L. , Maddox Sean M. , Fenwick Aidan Q. , Smith Daryl C.
Published: August 2015

Review: 145 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Polysubstituted Spirocyclopropyl Oxindoles: Organocatalysis versus Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Cao Zhong‐Yan , Zhou Jian
Published: August 2015

Review: [43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Expanding Utility of Continuous Flow Hydrogenation
Authors: Cossar Peter J. , Hizartzidis Lacey , Simone Michela I. , McCluskey Adam , Gordon Christopher P.
Published: August 2015

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituent Effects on π‐Bond Delocalization of Fulvenes and Fulvalenes. Are Fulvenes Aromatic?
Authors: Neuenschwander Markus
Published: August 2015

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Caledonia: A ′Hot Spot′ for Valuable Chemodiversity. Part 1. Gymnosperms
Authors: Coulerie Paul , Poullain Cyril
Published: August 2015

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Long, Multicenter Bonding — A New Concept for Supramolecular Materials
Authors: Miller Joel S.
Published: August 2015

Review: [25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Transformations and Biological Properties of Furo[2,3‐b]pyridines
Authors: Sirakanyan S. N. , Hovakimyan A. A. , Noravyan A. S.
Published: August 2015

Review: 97 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese Catalyzed C‐H Halogenation
Authors: Liu Wei , Groves John T.
Published: August 2015

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods for the Synthesis of α‐Heterocyclic/Heteroaryl‐α‐Aminophosphonic Acids and Their Esters
Authors: Ali Tarik E. , Abdel‐Kariem Somaia M.
Published: August 2015

Review: [114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Receptor Properties of Calix[4]pyrroles
Authors: Mamardashvili G. M. , Mamardashvili N. Zh. , Koifman O. I.
Published: August 2015

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Complex‐Induced Proximity Effect in Lithiation: Unveiling Recent Potentials in Organic Synthesis of Biologically Relevant Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Ajani Olayinka O. , Shomade Michael O. , Edobor‐Osoh Abiola , Ajanaku Christiana O. , Ajani Alice O.
Published: August 2015

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Potential of the Reductive Alkylation of Amines
Authors: Gusak K. N. , Ignatovich Zh V. , Koroleva E. V.
Published: August 2015

Review: 156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Conjugate Addition Reactions Utilizing α, β‐Unsaturated Amides and Lactams
Authors: Byrd Katherine M.
Published: August 2015

Review: 284 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Chemistry and Biological Applications of Benzoxaboroles
Authors: Adamczyk‐Wozniak Agnieszka , Borys Krzysztof M. , Sporzynski Andrzej
Published: August 2015

Review: 151 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Couplings Using Aryl Ethers via C‐O Bond Activation Enabled by Nickel Catalysts
Authors: Tobisu Mamoru , Chatani Naoto
Published: August 2015

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Ordered Phases of Highly Frustrated Magnets: A Review
Authors: Starykh Oleg A.
Published: August 2015

Review: 194 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Trends in Orexin Research — 2010 to 2015
Authors: Boss Christoph , Roch Catherine
Published: August 2015

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Marine Natural Products
Authors: Blunt John W. , Copp Brent R. , Keyzers Robert A. , Munro Murray H. G. , Prinsep Michele R.
Published: August 2015

Review: literature published in 2013; 982 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroisomerization of Sustainable Feedstock in Biomass‐to‐Fuel Conversion: A Critical Review
Authors: Galadima Ahmad , Muraza Oki
Published: August 2015

Review: 199 refs.
Enhanced adsorption performance of CuO‐Al2O3 composite derived from cotton template
Authors: Duan Ningjing , Li Qiurong , Liu Jie , Xiao Haiyan
Published: August 2015

Biomorphic CuO‐Al2O3 nanomaterials were fabricated via a facile and low‐cost complex‐precipitation route using cotton as a template. The as‐obtained materials were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption‐desorption analysis, and thermogravimetry differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA). It was found that the as‐prepared biomorphic CuO‐Al2O3 retained the tubular morphology of cotton and a diameter of about 4–5 µm. The maximum adsorption capacity for methyl blue (MB) was achieved at 97.04 mg/g which is higher than that of many other previously reported adsorbents, and that of as‐prepared CuO‐Al2O3 without a cotton template. Furthermore, the isotherms and kinetics of the adsorption process for MB were determined and analyzed in detail, and were found to obey the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The as‐prepared biomorphic CuO‐Al2O3 sample using this facile synthetic approach is very promising for the removal of organic contaminants from wastewater.
Modelling of cross‐flow microfiltration of dye‐loaded activated carbon in a ceramic tubular membrane module
Authors: Mondal Sourav , Karmakar Sankha , De Sirshendu
Published: August 2015

A hybrid process involving adsorption followed by microfiltration is a less energy‐intensive alternative for treatment of textile effluent. Modelling of microfiltration of dye‐loaded activated carbon in a tubular module is important for design and scale‐up. In this work, a simple kinetic model for cake removal during microfiltration in a tubular module is derived from first principles.. Reactive black dye exhibits the highest flux decline rate among the four different dyes. Cake layer thickness is less than 1 % of the channel diameter for different operating conditions. The mathematical analysis is extended to predict the limiting pressure. Cake removal rate is in the range of 0.01–0.05 Pa−1 · s−1for different dyes, lowest for reactive black and highest for reactive brown. The cake is thickest (14 μm) for reactive black, compared to other dyes at 104 kPa and 100 L/h cross‐flow rate. Cake resistance of black dye is 1.5 times the membrane hydraulic resistance at a 50 L/h crossflow rate and 104 kPa, and it is the highest among all the dyes analyzed. Simulation shows that steady state permeate flux increases with Reynolds number at higher transmembrane pressure whereas it varies insignificantly at lower pressure. Attainment of steady state is delayed for a lower cake removal constant. For yellow dye, steady state is achieved at 15 min forkr = 0.1 Pa−1 · s−1and beyond 1 h forkr = 0.1 Pa−1 · s−1. Cake compressibility has a stronger influence on limiting transmembrane pressure compared to cake removal rate at higher Reynolds numbers.
Mean‐Field Evolution of Fermionic Mixed States
Authors: Benedikter Niels , Jakšić Vojkan , Porta Marcello , Saffirio Chiara , Schlein Benjamin
Published: August 2015

In this paper we study the dynamics of fermionic mixed states in the mean‐field regime. We consider initial states that are close to quasi‐free states and prove that, under suitable assumptions on the initial data and on the many‐body interaction, the quantum evolution of such initial data is well approximated by a suitable quasi‐free state. In particular, we prove that the evolution of the reduced one‐particle density matrix converges, as the number of particles goes to infinity, to the solution of the time‐dependent Hartree‐Fock equation. Our result holds for all times and gives effective estimates on the rate of convergence of the many‐body dynamics towards the Hartree‐Fock evolution.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Once‐Daily Intranasal Fluticasone Furoate and Levocabastine Administered Alone or Simultaneously as fluticasone Furoate/Levocabastine Fixed‐Dose Combination
Authors: Allen Ann , Murdoch Robert D. , Bareille Philippe , Burns Olivia , Hughes Stephen , Gupta Ashutosh , Miller Sam R.
Published: August 2015

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate potential systemic pharmacokinetic interactions between intranasal fluticasone furoate (FF) and levocabastine (LEVO) when delivered simultaneously via a metered atomizing spray pump.

Methods

This was a randomized, open‐label, crossover study. Healthy male and female subjects (n = 30) received once‐daily repeat doses of FF/LEVO (100/200 μg) as a fixed‐dose combination (FDC), FF (110 μg), or LEVO (200 μg) for 7 days. FF and LEVO plasma pharmacokinetics (0–24 hours) were measured on day 7, with safety assessments over the study duration.

Results

Systemic exposure to LEVO was similar when administered as FF/LEVO FDC or LEVO alone. Following FF/LEVO FDC or FF alone, the majority (>99%) of FF concentrations were nonquantifiable, that is, below the lower limit of quantification of 10 pg/mL. All treatments were well tolerated, and adverse event incidence was similar across the treatment groups.

Conclusions

These results suggest that in healthy subjects, for LEVO, there is no pharmacokinetic interaction with FF when delivered as FF/LEVO FDC. As the majority of data were below the assay sensitivity for FF, any potential differences in the bioavailability of FF when delivered alone or as FF/LEVO FDC could not be established. There was no clinically relevant impact on safety/tolerability when FF/LEVO was coadministered.
Relative Bioavailability of a Single Dose of Belimumab Administered Subcutaneously by Prefilled Syringe or Autoinjector in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Struemper Herbert , Murtaugh Thomas , Gilbert Jane , Barton Matthew E. , Fire Joseph , Groark James , Fox Norma Lynn , Roth David , Gordon David
Published: August 2015

Intravenous belimumab is approved for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus; subcutaneous self‐administration would enable greater patient access. This study assessed relative bioavailability, tolerability, and safety of 1 subcutaneous dose of self‐administered belimumab by healthy subjects using a single‐use autoinjector or prefilled syringe. Subjects (randomized 1:1:1:1) self‐administered belimumab 200 mg subcutaneously (abdomen or thigh) by prefilled syringe or autoinjector. Pharmacokinetics, adverse events (AEs), injection‐site pain, and administration errors were recorded. Of 81 subjects, 5 experienced administration errors and were excluded from pharmacokinetic analyses. Mean serum belimumab concentration profiles were similar for both devices, with a weak trend toward higher concentrations for thigh injection compared with abdominal injections. Maximum observed serum concentration was slightly higher with the autoinjector (27.0 vs 25.3 µg/mL) and area under the concentration–time curve slightly lower (701 vs 735 day · μg/mL), compared with the prefilled syringe. Incidence of AEs was 51% (41 of 81 subjects; headache was most common), with no serious or severe AEs. Median injection‐site pain scores were low (0 after 1 hour). Device handling was reported as acceptable by ≥95% of autoinjector users and ≥90% of prefilled syringe users for each characteristic assessed. These results support the use of either device for belimumab subcutaneous administration.
Selective Liquid‐Phase Hydrogenation of a Nitro Group in Substituted Nitrobenzenes over Au/Al2O3 Catalyst in a Packed‐Bed Flow Reactor
Authors: Nuzhdin Alexey L. , Moroz Boris L. , Bukhtiyarova Galina A. , Reshetnikov Sergey I. , Pyrjaev Pavel A. , Aleksandrov Pavel V. , Bukhtiyarov Valerii I.
Published: August 2015

A series of substituted nitrobenzenes with the general formula XC6H4NO2 (X=Cl, CH=CH2, or C(O)CH3) dissolved in toluene were reduced with hydrogen over the 1.9 % Au/Al2O3 catalyst at 60–110 °C and 10–20 bar in a three‐phase packed‐bed reactor operating in up‐flow mode. Under these conditions, hydrogenation of isomeric ClC6H4NO2 gives exclusively chloroanilines. Hydrogenation of 3‐CH2CHC6H4NO2 and 4‐CH3C(O)C6H4NO2 leads to the formation of 3‐CH2CHC6H4NH2 and 4‐CH3C(O)C6H4NH2 with selectivities of up to 93 and 97 % at substrate conversions of 98 and 100 %, respectively. Smooth catalyst deactivation was observed regardless of which substituted nitrobenzene was taken for hydrogenation. According to the results obtained by temperature‐programmed oxidation of the spent catalyst, a carbonaceous deposit formed that might block the catalyst surface. Almost complete regeneration of the supported gold catalyst with retention of its high selectivity to hydrogenation of a nitro group was achieved in a flow of air at temperatures up to 400 °C to eliminate carbonaceous deposits.
How should ethnicity‐related information be included on drug labels? Considerations based on comparison of multiregional clinical trial data on the label between Japan and the United States
Authors: Tanaka A , Asano K , Uyama Y
Published: August 2015

Clinical data on various ethnicities collected in multiregional clinical trials (MRCTs) have increased in regulatory review for drug approval. However, how such data should be included on the drug labels has not been discussed. We compared information related to ethnicities on the labels of drugs that were approved in both Japan and the United States, and discussed the issues to be considered for providing better information to healthcare professionals in this era of globalized drug development.
Does conditional approval for new oncology drugs in Europe lead to differences in health technology assessment decisions?
Authors: Lipska I , Hoekman J , McAuslane N , Leufkens HGM , Hövels AM
Published: August 2015

An early access pathway of conditional approval for potentially beneficial medicines is available within the European regulatory framework. However, marketing authorization does not necessarily result in recommendations for public funding by health technology assessment (HTA) agencies. As conditional approval goes along with less than complete data on benefits and risks of a treatment option for a high medical need, this raises the question how HTA decision‐making is affected by these uncertainties.
Current thinking on the mechanistic basis of Alzheimer's and implications for drug development
Authors: Ising C , Stanley M , Holtzman DM
Published: August 2015

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by the aggregation and accumulation of two proteins in the brain, amyloid‐β (Aβ) and tau. Aβ and tau begin to buildup 15‐20 years before the clinical onset of AD dementia. Increasing evidence suggests that preventing or decreasing the amount of aggregated forms of both Aβ and tau in the brain can serve as potential disease‐modifying treatments for AD.
Importance of Reaction Kinetics and Oxygen Crossover in aprotic Li–O2 Batteries Based on a Dimethyl Sulfoxide Electrolyte
Authors: Marinaro M. , Balasubramanian P. , Gucciardi E. , Theil S. , Jörissen L. , Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens M.
Published: August 2015

Although still in their embryonic state, aprotic rechargeable Li‐O2 batteries have, theoretically, the capabilities of reaching higher specific energy densities than Li‐ion batteries. There are, however, significant drawbacks that must be addressed to allow stable electrochemical performance; these will ultimately be solved by a deeper understanding of the chemical and electrochemical processes occurring during battery operations. We report a study on the electrochemical and chemical stability of Li–O2 batteries comprising Au‐coated carbon cathodes, a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)‐based electrolyte and Li metal negative electrodes. The use of the aforementioned Au‐coated cathodes in combination with a 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI)–DMSO electrolyte guarantees very good cycling stability (>300 cycles) by minimizing eventual side reactions. The main drawbacks arise from the high reactivity of the Li metal electrode when in contact with the O2‐saturated DMSO‐based electrolyte.
Efficient branch and bound algorithms for prototype filter optimization in OQAM‐OFDM systems
Authors: Wu Yiting , Chen Da , Jiang Tao
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we address the prototype filter optimization problem in the offset quadrature amplitude modulation‐based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system and propose a series of efficient branch and bound (BB)‐based methods to greatly reduce the convergence time of the optimization problem. Specifically, we first propose a constraint judge method to determine whether a subset has the possibility to obtain a feasible solution and remove the subsets that have no feasible solutions. Then, we propose a searching strategy to further decrease the number of iterations. Moreover, we propose an efficient convex relaxation method to reduce the calculation time of each iteration. Simulation results show that the proposed methods can guarantee the same global optimal solution as generated by the conventional α‐based BB (αBB) algorithm, and the BB algorithm combining the three proposed methods achieves much lower convergence time. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐minimized design of IP over flexible optical networks
Authors: Gkamas Vasileios , Christodoulopoulos Konstantinos , Vergados Dimitrios J. , Varvarigos Emmanouel
Published: August 2015

Energy efficiency is an important desirable property for optical networks and a key parameter for the sustainability of the future Internet. In this work, we consider the energy‐minimized design problem for IP over flexible optical networks. We provide an energy‐aware multilayer network‐planning algorithm, which takes as input the network topology, the IP end‐to‐end traffic matrix, the modular model of the IP/MPLS routers, and the feasible configurations of the flexible optical transponders. The algorithm serves the demands for their requested rates by placing router modules, selecting the paths in the IP topology, and the corresponding paths and spectrum slots in the underlying optical topology, together with the flexible optical transponders' transmission configurations. The algorithm's objective is to minimize the network's energy consumption, jointly accounting for the energy consumption of the routers' modules installed, the transponders used, and their configurations. Using realistic energy consumption and network traffic models, we evaluate the energy savings obtained when the proposed algorithm is applied to a flexible network, as opposed to a mixed‐line‐rate wavelength division multiplexing optical network. Moreover, we consider two optimization scenarios, comparing the joint energy consumption optimization of IP and optical layers to a sequential optimization of the energy consumed at these two layers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ploidy manipulation and induction of alternate cleavage patterns through inhibition of centrosome duplication in the early zebrafish embryo
Authors: Heier Jonathon , Takle Kendra A. , Hasley Andrew O. , Pelegri Francisco
Published: August 2015

Background: Whole genome duplication is a useful genetic tool because it allows immediate and complete genetic homozygosity in gynogenetic offspring. A whole genome duplication method in zebrafish, Heat Shock, involves a heat pulse in the period 13–15 min postfertilization (mpf) to inhibit cytokinesis of the first mitotic cycle. However, Heat Shock produces a relatively low yield of gynogenotes. Results: A heat pulse at a later time point during the first cell cycle (22 mpf, HS2) results in a high (>80%) frequency of embryos exhibiting a precise one‐cell division stall during the second cell cycle, inducing whole genome duplication. Coupled with haploid production, HS2 generates viable gynogenetic diploids with yields up to 4 times higher than those achieved through standard Heat Shock. The cell cycle delay also causes blastomere cleavage pattern variations, supporting a role for cytokinesis in spindle orientation during the following cell cycle. Conclusions: Our studies provide a new tool for whole genome duplication, induced gynogenesis, and cleavage pattern alteration in zebrafish, based on a time period before the initiation of cell division that is sensitive to temperature‐mediated interference with centrosome duplication. Targeting of this period may also facilitate genetic and developmental manipulations in other organisms. Developmental Dynamics 244:1300–1312, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuronal map reveals the highly regionalized pattern of the juvenile central nervous system of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis
Authors: Hozumi Akiko , Horie Takeo , Sasakura Yasunori
Published: August 2015

Background: The dorsally located central nervous system (CNS) is an important hallmark of chordates. Among chordates, tunicate ascidians change their CNS remarkably by means of a metamorphosis from a highly regionalized larval CNS to an oval‐shaped juvenile CNS without prominent morphological features. The neuronal organization of the CNS of ascidian tadpole larvae has been well described, but that in the CNS of postmetamorphosis juveniles has not been characterized well. Results: We investigated the number of neural cells, the number and position of differentiated neurons, and their axonal trajectories in the juvenile CNS of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. The cell bodies of cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic/glycinergic neurons exhibited different localization patterns along the anterior–posterior axis in the juvenile CNS. Cholinergic neurons extended their axons toward the oral, atrial and body wall muscles and pharyngeal gill to regulate muscle contraction and ciliary movement. Conclusions: Unlike its featureless shape, the juvenile CNS is highly patterned along the anterior–posterior axis. This patterning may be necessary for exerting multiple roles in the regulation of adult tissues distributed throughout the body. This basic information of the juvenile CNS of Ciona will allow in‐depth studies of molecular mechanisms underlying the reconstruction of the CNS during ascidian metamorphosis. Developmental Dynamics 244:1375–1393, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sox10ERT2CreERT2 mice enable tracing of distinct neural crest cell populations
Authors: He Fenglei , Soriano Philippe
Published: August 2015

Background:

Neural crest cells play an important role in craniofacial morphogenesis and many other developmental processes. The formation of neural crest cells (NCCs) in vivo is a highly dynamic process and remains to be fully understood.

Results:

To investigate the spatiotemporal patterning of NCCs in vivo, we have generated Sox10ERT2CreERT2 (SECE) mice, a transgenic line driving inducible Cre expression in NCCs. Inducing Cre activity at different stages triggered reporter expression in distinct NCC populations in SECE; R26R mice. By optimizing the timing and dosage of tamoxifen administration, we controlled Cre expression specifically in cranial NCCs. Using this approach, we demonstrate an important role for PDGFRα in cranial NCCs mitosis within the mandibular processes. Further reducing Cre activity within the cranial NCCs of SECE; R26R embryos revealed that SECE labels preferentially progenitors of medial nasal process (MNP) rather than the lateral nasal process (LNP), before their formation from the frontonasal prominence (FNP).

Conclusions:

Our results indicate that NCCs are formed sequentially from rostral to caudal regions along the neural tube. These findings also suggest that NCCs within the FNP become specified regionally and genetically before they divide into MNP and LNP. Developmental Dynamics 244:1394–1403, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Specific induction of cranial placode cells from Xenopus ectoderm by modulating the levels of BMP, Wnt, and FGF signaling
Authors: Watanabe Tomoko , Kanai Yuna , Matsukawa Shinya , Michiue Tatsuo
Published: August 2015

The neural–epidermal boundary tissues include the neural crest and preplacodal ectoderm (PPE) as primordial constituents. The PPE region is essential for the development of various sensory and endocrine organs, such as the anterior lobe of the pituitary, olfactory epithelium, lens, trigeminal ganglion, and otic vesicles. During gastrulation, a neural region is induced in ectodermal cells that interacts with mesendodermal tissue and responds to several secreted factors. Among them, inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in the presumptive neuroectoderm is essential for the induction of neural regions, and formation of a Wnt and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling gradient along the midline determines anterior–posterior patterning. In this study, we attempted to specifically induce PPE cells from undifferentiated Xenopus cells by regulating BMP, Wnt, and FGF signaling. We showed that the proper level of BMP inhibition with an injection of truncated BMP receptor or treatment with a chemical antagonist triggered the expression of PPE genes. In addition, by varying the amount of injected chordin, we optimized specific expression of the PPE genes. PPE gene expression is increased by adding an appropriate dose of an FGF receptor antagonist. Furthermore, co‐injection with either wnt8 or the Wnt inhibitor dkk‐1 altered the expression levels of several region‐specific genes according to the injected dose. We specifically induced PPE cell differentiation in animal cap cells from early‐stage Xenopus embryos by modulating BMP, Wnt, and FGF signaling. This is not the first research on placode induction, but our simple method could potentially be applied to mammalian stem cell systems. genesis 53:652–659, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Living in isolation – population structure, reproduction, and genetic variation of the endangered plant speciesDianthus gratianopolitanus(Cheddar pink)
Authors: Putz Christina M. , Schmid Christoph , Reisch Christoph
Published: August 2015

The endangered plant speciesDianthus gratianopolitanusexhibits a highly fragmented distribution range comprising many isolated populations. Based upon this pattern of distribution, we selected a study region in Switzerland with a lower magnitude of isolation (Swiss Jura) and another study region in Germany with a higher degree of isolation (Franconian Jura). In each region, we chose ten populations to analyze population structure, reproduction, and genetic variation in a comparative approach. Therefore, we determined population density, cushion size, and cushion density to analyze population structure, investigated reproductive traits, including number of flowers, capsules, and germination rate, and analyzed amplified fragment length polymorphisms to study genetic variation. Population and cushion density were credibly higher in German than in Swiss populations, whereas reproductive traits and genetic variation within populations were similar in both study regions. However, genetic variation among populations and isolation by distance were stronger in Germany than in Switzerland. Generally, cushion size and density as well as flower and capsule production increased with population size and density, whereas genetic variation decreased with population density. In contrast to our assumptions, we observed denser populations and cushions in the region with the higher magnitude of isolation, whereas reproductive traits and genetic variation within populations were comparable in both regions. This corroborates the assumption that stronger isolation must not necessarily result in the loss of fitness and genetic variation. Furthermore, it supports our conclusion that the protection of strongly isolated populations contributes essentially to the conservation of a species' full evolutionary potential.
Population structure of the Indonesian giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon: a window into evolutionary similarities between paralogous mitochondrial DNA sequences and their genomes
Authors: Abdul‐Aziz Muslihudeen A. , Schöfl Gerhard , Mrotzek Grit , Haryanti Haryanti , Sugama Ketut , Saluz Hans Peter
Published: August 2015

Here we used both microsatellites and mtCR (mitochondrial DNA control region) sequences as genetic markers to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of Penaeus monodon shrimp from six Indonesian regions. The microsatellite data showed that shrimp from the Indian and the Pacific Ocean were genetically distinct from each other. It has been reported previously that P. monodon mtCR sequences from the Indo‐Pacific group into two major paralogous clades of unclear origin. Here we show that the population structure inferred from mtCR sequences matches the microsatellite‐based population structure for one of these clades. This is consistent with the notion that this mtCR clade shares evolutionary history with nuclear DNA and may thus represent nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (Numts).
Synthesis of Rod‐Like g‐C3N4/ZnS Composites with Superior Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of Methyl Orange
Authors: Wang Qizhao , Shi Yanbiao , Du Zhongyi , He Jijuan , Zhong Junbo , Zhao Lianchun , She Houde , Liu Gang , Su Bitao
Published: August 2015

A rod‐like g‐C3N4/ZnS composite was synthesized via a hydrothermal process using g‐C3N4, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, thioglycolic acid, and thioacetamide as precursors under reflux conditions. The obtained products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The amount of g‐C3N4 was systematically varied, and it was found that the g‐C3N4 content not only plays an important role in the formation of g‐C3N4/ZnS rod‐like composites but also the improvement of the photocurrent response. The photocatalytic experimental results indicated that the 10 wt.‐% g‐C3N4/ZnS nanocomposite enhances photocatalytic performance with 93.0 % decomposition of methyl orange (MO) after 100 min under simulated sunlight irradiation. This new composite is expected to show considerable potential in the treatment of wastewater containing organic pollutants.
Asymmetric Nitrocyclopropanation of α‐Substituted α,β‐Enals Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether for the Construction of All‐Carbon Quaternary ­Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Yamazaki Tatsuya , Nakanishi Yuki , Ono Tsuyoshi , Taniguchi Tohru , Monde Kenji , Uchimaru Tadafumi
Published: August 2015

The diphenylprolinol silyl ether mediated asymmetric nitrocyclopropanation of α‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with bromonitromethane, followed by base‐promoted isomerization was found to afford trans‐nitrocyclopropanecarbaldehydes with all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic centers with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. DFT calculations indicated that the s‐trans conformer of the iminium ion intermediate is more stable than the s‐cis conformer. In addition, nucleophilic attack of the bromonitromethane anion to the iminium ion intermediate was calculated to occur preferentially from the opposite side of the bulky substituents of the pyrrolidine iminium intermediate.