bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Botanicals from nine selected Cameroonian edible plants displayed Anti-pseudomonas effects and potentiated the activities of antibiotics against multidrug-resistant phenotypes over-expressing MexAB-OprM efflux pumps
Authors: Tiotsop Romario S. , Kuete Victor , Mbaveng Armelle T.
Published: February 2023

Background: Despite the recognized efficiency of antibiotic therapy, the annual cases of deaths related to bacterial diseases is still growing in developing countries. In the present study, the in vitro antipseudomonal activity of the methanol extracts of nine food plants from Cameroon against the multidrug-resistant strains and isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa overexpressing active efflux pumps was determined. These plants included Persea americana, Syzygium jambos, Mangifera indica, Garcinia kola, Citrus sinensis, Passiflora edulis, Vernonia amygdalina, Aframomum letestuanum, and Artocarpus heterophylus. Methods: The liquid microplate dilution method using the rapid para-Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) colorimetric method was applied to evaluate the antipseudomonal activities of botanicals, as well as their association with the efflux pump inhibitor and antibiotics. Results: All botanicals displayed an antibacterial activity that varies from one bacterium to another, in the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 64 µg/mL to 2048 µg/mL. The extracts from a mixture of leaves and bark of Syzygium jambos and Mangifera indica, the bark of Garcinia kola, and the leaves of Persea americana had the highest spectrum of antipseudomonal activity, with their inhibitory effects being noted in 100% of the 15 tested bacteria. Botanical from the leaves of Garcinia cola, were active against 90% of the strains tested, that from the bark of Persea americana and the leaves of Citrus sinensis were active against 70% and 60% of tested strains and isolates. Botanicals from the leaves and bark of Mangifera indica were very active against the isolates P124 and P57 with a MIC value of 64 µg/mL. At the concentration of MIC/2 and MIC/4, the extract from the leaves of Mangifera indica and Syzygium jambos potentiated the activity of four antibiotics (Penicillin, Ampicillin, Imipenem, Augmentin) on 100% (7/7) of the strains and isolates tested. Persea americana leaf extract also enhanced the activity of penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, levofloxacin, ampicillin, and augmentin in 85% (6/7) of strains and isolates tested. The activity of all tested antibiotics increased in the presence of botanicals against at least one bacterial strain. The extract of leaves and bark of Persea americana, Psidium guajava, and leaves of Syzygium jambos potentiated the activity of 80% of the antibiotics on the strains and isolates tested. Conclusion: Finally, the methanol extracts from the leaves and bark of Mangifera indica could be used effectively alone or in combination with antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa including antibiotic-resistant phenotypes expressing efflux pumps.
الاندماج الاجتماعي للكورد الايزيديين في المجتمع الألماني
Authors: سكفان جميل الأتروشي برين , سعيد حسين البرواري محمد
Published: February 2023

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى مستوى الاندماج الاجتماعي لدى عينة من المهاجرين من الكورد الايزيدين إلى ألمانيا ، وكذلك دلالة الفروق في الاندماج الاجتماعي تبعا لبعض العوامل الديمغرافية . واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي المسحي من خلال تطبيق استبانة تم إعدادها لأغراض البحث الحالي وبعد التحقق من  دلالات صدقها وثباتها ، على عينة تكةنت من (٢٠٠) شخص من كلا الجنسين تم اختيارهم بطريقة عشوائية من بين الايزيديين المهاجرين في مدينتي أولدنبرغ ودريسدن الألمانية . وتمت معالجة البيانات إحصائياً باستخدام الحقيبة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية فأظهرت النتائج أن مستوى الاندماج الاجتماعي للمهاجرين من الكورد الايزديين في ألمانيا هو عالٍ . وتبين عدم وجود فروق دالة في مستوى الاندماج الاجتماعي لدى المهاجرين يعزى الى تارسخ الهجرة والعمر ، وكذلك النوع الاجتماعي . وفي ضوء النتائج تم تقديم عدد من التوصيات .
عبد الكريم المدرِّس ومنهجه في المواهب الحميدة
Authors: محمد أحمد صفاء , أحمد رشيد الدكتور رشيد
Published: February 2023

تناول البحث سيرة الشيخ عبدالكريم المدرّس وهو من علماء العراق الكرد المحدثين، في كتابه "المواهب الحميدة في حلّ وكشف الفريدة"، والأخيرة أي: "الفريدة" هي ألفية في النحو للعالم الجليل جلال الدين السيوطي، وقسّمنا الدراسة إلى مقدمة، ومبحثَينِ، وخاتمة، فالمبحث الأوّل تضمن عصرَه، وما تخلّله من رحلاتٍ علمية، واسمَه ونسبه، وولادته، ونشأته، وصفاته، ووفاته، وسيرته العلمية المتضمنة لمكانته، ومصنفاتِه، والمناصبَ التي تقلّدها.  

في حين تناول المبحث الثاني نبذةً عن "المواهب الحميدة"، والفريدة في النحو، وشرحها المطالع السعيدة، ومنهج الشيخ المدرّس في علم النحو، ومذهبه فيه، وآراؤه، وإضافاته، وفوائده النحوية.

وتوصل الباحث إلى نتائج من أهمها أنّ الشيخ عبد الكريم المدرّس من العلماء البارزين في العلوم المختلفة، وبلغاتٍ مختلفة، وكان عَلَماً من أعلام النحاة المجتهدِينَ، استوعب آراءَ مَن سبقه من النحاة في كتابه المواهبِ الحميدة، وما احتوته من معانٍ جليلةٍ، وزادها فوائدَ نحويّةً قيّمةً، ولم يكنْ مُقَلِّداً، بل كان الدليل أصلاً من أصول اثبات القواعد النحوية عنده، ومن النتائج أيضاً ضرورة تيسير علم النحو العربي، وأنّ إحياءَ التراث العلمي واجبٌ علينا، وأن علمَ النحو من الأبواب الكبيرة لفهم اللسان العربي، وفهم القرآن الكريم، وهو المفتاح لسعادة الإنسان في الدارَيْنِ.
perubahan dan prosedur konstitusi
Authors: FADHILAH A.NUR
Published: February 2023

Konstitusi sesebuah negara pada asasnya merupakan undang-undang asas tertinggi yang mengandungi perkara-perkara berkaitan pentadbiran negara. Oleh itu, sesebuah institusi mestilah mempunyai karakter yang lebih stabil berbanding produk undang-undang yang lain. Lebih-lebih lagi jika jiwa dan semangat menjalankan kerajaan negeri turut dikawal dalam institusi agar perubahan institusi boleh membawa perubahan besar kepada sistem pentadbiran negeri. Negara demokrasi boleh bertukar menjadi negara autoritarian kerana perubahan institusi.Salah satu masalah asas yang dihadapi oleh kerajaan Indonesia selepas krisis ekonomi berlaku ialah kemerosotan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap birokrasi awam dan sistem pemerintahan secara amnya khususnya dari segi pelaksanaan Akauntabiliti Awam di Kampung
PROSEDUR DAN SISTEM PERUBAHAN KONSTITUSI
Authors: AMIRUDDIN
Published: February 2023

Konstitusi Indonesia sendiri menghadirkan Pancasila dalam pembukaannya. Atas dasar itudapat dilihat bahwa kedudukan Pembukaan Undang-undang dasar 1945 lebih pentingdaripada batang tubuh (pasal) undang-undang dasar 1945 disebabkan pada undang-undangtersebut memuat dasar-dasar atau pancasila. Salah satu norma dasar NKRI sudah seringdibicarakan ketika konstitusi, dalam hal ini UUD 1945, dapat atau tidak dapatdiubahPenelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan. Studi kepustakaan ( libraryresearch) merupakan ketekunan dalam membaca dan mengumpulkan buku serta artikel dansubjek penelitian Di Indonesia sendiri, proses amandemen konstitusi berlangsung dalambeberapa tahap. Dengan kata lain, dapat dilihat menurut sejarah perubahan UUD RI, danjuga dapat dilihat melalui perubahan UUD RI melalui perubahaPerubahan konstitusi bangsaindonesia telah membawa pengebalan konstitusi, pembahasa atas usulan perubahan padakonstitusi menjadi agenda resmi dan pengesahan perubahan mensyaratkandisetujui.Konstitusi sudah beberapa kali mengalamai perubahan dan proses perubahan padakonstitusi melibatkan banyak tokoh dengan mengikuti prosedur sesuai. Sebagai penggerakpenyelenggaraan kehidupan bernegara, masyarakat dapat memahami norma-norma politikdan hukum yang berlaku sehingga dapat menjaga kehidupan bernegara, khususnya diIndonesia. Terutama konstitusi, karena kita tahu bahwa konstitusi adalah dasar negara danpemerintahan negara.
Summation of Combinatorial Geometric Series
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a new idea to compute a combinatorial geometric series and system of binomial coefficients. Also, a theorem is newly introduced for the summation of combinatorial geometric series. This idea can enable the scientific researchers to solve the real world problems.
Penerapan Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Pada Tn. C Dengan Gangguan Persepsi Sensori: Halusinasi di Ruangan Bukit Barisan
Authors: Lestari Anggi
Published: February 2023

One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is changes in individual behavior which always assess themselves and others negatively, or undervalue their abilities which is called low self-esteem. Hallucinations are mental disorders in which the client experiences changes in sensory perception, feeling false sensations in the form of sound, sight, taste, touch or smell. The patient says that he often hears whispers like the voice of the devil mocking him, the client says he often feels anxious, daydreaming. During the assessment process, the nurse uses therapeutic communication and builds a trusting nurse-client relationship. In Mr.C's case, it was found that the client experienced hallucinatory symptoms such as hearing voices, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, looking tense, pacing, unable to maintain eye contact, sad, embarrassed, hopeless, withdrawn, irritable and etc. Nursing diagnoses that appeared in the Tn.C case: Auditory hallucinations, social isolation, ineffective individual coping, spiritual deficits, low self-esteem. But in practice, the authors focus on the problem of auditory hallucination sensory perception disorder. The purpose of writing is to provide nursing care to Tn.C. The writing method used is observation writing making observations by seeing, hearing and noting certain activities related to the client. The subject to be used is the case of one patient with sensory perception disorders: auditory hallucinations. The results of the analysis show that nursing interventions with implementation strategies (SP) can reduce signs and symptoms of auditory hallucination sensory perception disorders in patients after being given nursing actions.
Penerapan Asuhan Keperwatan Jiwa Pada Tn. R Dengan Masalah Halusinasi Pendengaran di Ruangan Sorik Merapi: Studi Kasus
Authors: Hudnah Eli
Published: February 2023

Mental disorders are a serious health problem because the number of diseases is continuously increasing, including chronic diseases such as schizophrenia which affect the thought processes of sufferers. Based on the practice carried out in the Merapi Sorik Room, the number of inpatients was obtained as many as 38 patients with schizophrenia with nursing problems hallucinatory sensory perception disorders, social isolation and self care deficit. Mr. R who experienced hallucination problems, the client was used as a subject because the patient could not overcome his hallucinations other than taking medication. So the purpose of nursing care that will be carried out is to teach implementation standards (SP 1-4) problems of auditory hallucinations when Mr. R experiences hallucinations. Based on the background, the author is interested in taking the title "Nursing Care of Mr. R's Auditory Hallucinations in the Sorik Merapi Room, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ildrem Medan Hospital". This method approaches and builds a relationship of mutual trust with clients so that clients are more open and more trusting by using feelings. Conduct client assessment by interview. Conduct an assessment by reading the status, looking at the treatment book and asking the employees of the Merapi Sorik Room. Evaluation results obtained that there was an increase in Mr. R's ability to control the hallucinations he experienced and the impact on reducing the symptoms of auditory hallucinations he experienced.
On the connection between the magnetic part of electromagnetic radiation and the Doppler amplitude shift
Authors: Schmidt Mads Vestergaard
Published: February 2023

In textbooks on classical electrodynamics, it is a standard procedure to derive the magnetic force an infinite current exerts on a charge in motion, by relativistic transformation of the electric force the charge experiences in its rest frame. This paper aims to provide a similar explanation for the case of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Relativistic force transformations are used to compare the electric and magnetic forces on a charge in motion, in a field of EMR, to the electric forces in the rest frame of the charge. This provides a simple way to derive the amplitude transformation of the electromagnetic wave which has the same transformation factor as the Doppler frequency shift. The example is used to show that the magnetic part of the wave can be understood as a correction to the change in force a charge in motion experiences due to the Doppler shift of the electric field in its rest frame.
Dynamic Norms Do Not Promote Vegetarian Food Preferences: Two Experiments and a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Weikertova Stepanka , Urban Jan
Published: February 2023

Dynamic norms have been identified as promising behavior-change tools in situations with a prevalence of contrarian behavior. Evidence regarding the efficiency of dynamic norm intervention in the context of meatless consumption is mixed. We conducted two pre-registered web-based experiments (N1 = 227, N2 = 462) in which we studied the effect of dynamic norm information (trends in the adoption of a meatless diet) on the preference for meatless meals and a meta-analysis of seven other studies that used dynamic norm interventions to increase the preference for vegetarian food. In the two experiments, we found that dynamic norm information influenced perceived dynamic norms but not the preference for a meatless diet. Our Bayesian meta-analysis revealed a negligible effect size, d = 0.07, 90% CrI [0.01, 0.12], of the dynamic norm interventions on the preference for vegetarian meals. Dynamic norm interventions may not be useful means of transition towards meatless diets.
A Bayesian cohort model for estimating out-of-school rates and populations
Authors: Dharamshi Ameer , Antoninis Manos , Montoya Silvia , Barakat Bilal Fouad
Published: February 2023

The out-of-school rate is a critical indicator for monitoring global progress towards universal education. It quantifies the population of children and youth excluded from each level of the education system. As with many education indicators, historical out-of-school reporting has relied exclusively on imperfect administrative data. Recently, the education community has turned to survey data as a supplement to administrative data to overcome its gaps and weaknesses. Producing such consolidated estimates globally in the out-of-school rate context, however, is a challenging task due to the diversity in enrolment patterns, systematic differences in the nature and reliability of administrative and survey-based data, and the heavy presence of invalid administrative observations resulting from enrolment counts that exceed corresponding population estimates. In this paper we introduce a cohort-based Bayesian hierarchical model to address these challenges and produce complete time series of out-of-school rates for 192 countries. The model uses a flexible spline-based process for underlying cohort out-of-school rate curves that are smoothed through cohort progression and over time. Observations are related to these values using a dual likelihood setup where each data source has distinct bias and variance components. The administrative side includes a structure that propagates uncertainty information contained in invalid data to avoid understating uncertainty. Validation exercises and sensitivity analysis suggest that the model is reasonably well calibrated and offers a material improvement over simpler approaches. The model is currently used by UNESCO to monitor out-of-school rates for all countries with available data.
No-Core optical fibers sensor for detecting hemoglobin concentration (HB) based on the Surface Plasmon resonance.
Authors: H.Nida Mustafa , S. Al-Bassam Soudad
Published: February 2023

In this work, a fiber-optic biomedical sensor was manufactured to detect hemoglobin percentages in the blood. SPR-based coreless optical fibers were developed and implemented using single and multiple optical fibers. It was also used to calculate refractive indices and concentrations of hemoglobin in blood samples. An optical fiber, with a thickness of 40 nanometers, was deposited on gold metal for the sensing area to increase the sensitivity of the sensor. The optical fiber used in this work has a diameter of 125μm, no core, and is made up of a pure silica glass rod and an acrylate coating. The length of the fiber was 4cm removed buffer and the splicing process was done. It is found in practice that when the sensitive refractive index increases, the resonant wavelength increases due to the decrease in energy.
Emerging outbreak of XBB, and BA.5: An insight into Omicron subvariants
Authors: Roy Bedanta
Published: February 2023

No abstract available.
Determinants of Service Behavior of Customer Contact Personnel in Local Authority
Authors: Adhikari Shiva Raj
Published: February 2023

Determinants of service behavior of customer contact personnel are essential issues in the service or public organization. This research investigates 396 frontline employees of five local authorities in Kathmandu Valley. The researcher examines the relationships among service behavior, role stress, organizational commitment, customer orientation, and job satisfaction. The factors that influence the service behavior of CCP in the local authority are discussed in depth. The study’s significant findings demonstrated an overall strong association of the set of independent variables with the dependent variable, service behavior. These four factors have positively influenced the service behavior of CCP of a local authority in Kathmandu Valley.
Impact of Digital Marketing on Consumer Behavior in Pokhara
Authors: Lamichhane Baburam
Published: February 2023

In this era of digitization, where everything is just a click away from us, marketing has evolved a lot. With the increased use of technology, smartphones, the producers of goods, can now reach consumers all over the globe. Thus, reaching out to consumers through the internet is digital marketing. Digital marketing, therefore, has an incredible influence on people’s interaction, work, purchases, and life habits. It is cost-effective too on the parts of the sellers and buyers. Thus, the present study examines the effectiveness and impact of digital marketing on the consumers’ behaviour in Pokhara city. The questionnaires were administered based on the purposive sampling method and obtained data from the respondents in Pokhara city. One hundred and seventy-two questionnaires were distributed, and 150 available samples were collected, except incomplete questionnaires, resulting in a response rate of 87.2 percent for all who chose to participate. Findings indicate that e-mail has a profoundly negative influence on consumer behaviour. Mobile, as a digital marketing channel, harms consumer behaviour. Social media marketing, SEO, and SEM affect consumer behaviour. Social media marketing is the most influential variable in consumer behaviour. We notice that the most significant effect on the consumer decision is in the evaluation state. This can be due to the social media marketing and the SEO and SEM channel directed to the consumer who has already been searching for the product.
An Exploratory Study on Hospitality Internship Student’s Satisfaction
Authors: Thapa Amar Bahadur
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to explore and determine the significant factors that predict internship satisfaction of hospitality and tourism students in the context of Nepal. An exploratory research design was used to identify the factors affecting the satisfaction of intern students in hospitality and tourism students. 399 responses were collected from the colleges of different universities. EFA and regression analysis were applied to students’ responses. Three significant factors, Perceived job, Perceived supervision, and student self-efficacy, where identified, which mainly affect the satisfaction of intern students in hospitality and tourism students. Study results support the service industry to increase the satisfaction of intern students by increasing supervisory activities.
Perception of Political Science Education Teachers Towards Professional Development
Authors: Yadav Binod Kumar
Published: February 2023

This paper aims to analyse how the Political Science Education teachers perceive professional development. Similarly this study has focused on the different experience in teaching professionalism and its influence in teaching-learning process. but, in here, teachers perceived the teaching profession as a well respected one and looked at it as a low grade profession and they are only teaching, till they get an opportunity for a more lucrative job. Participants emphasised to make common consensus that Society plays a crucial role in steering reinforcement from Society towards the profession; it motivates the teachers to develop themselves professionally. There are always the few people that don't and will not see the profession as a respectable one but teachers required to look past these, and try to understand the gravity of the responsibility entrusted upon them.
Exploring Science Learning through Arts-based Sketches and Photos: A Transformative Paradigm
Authors: Acharya Kamal Prasad , Acharya Milan
Published: February 2023

The study reconnoitres arts-based learning by the use of sketches and photos of basic level students and science teachers. It was accompanied in the basic level public schools of Kirtipur municipality of Kathmandu district. The study explores how the use of sketches and photos promotes students science learning and also designs an appropriate strategy for engaged learning. A qualitative research design was used based on the interpretive paradigm in which data are collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The data were analysed through verbatim and thematic approaches. The study found the use of arts-based learning like sketches and photos helps to learn science that develops creativity and communication. It was also found that science teachers used sketches and photos linked to the prescribed curriculum while teaching and learning science. It is recommended that the application of sketches and photos would be beneficial for science learning. For this, science curricula and textbooks have to incorporate the techniques of arts-based concept learning in the public schools in Nepal.
Effect of Ethanol on Critical Micelle Concentration of Sodium Dodecylsulphate in Mixed Solvent Media at 308.15K by Conductometric Measurement
Authors: Yadav Chandradip Kumar , Yadav Brahamdeo
Published: February 2023

The conductivity measurement of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)in mixed solvent media was investigated. The results indicated that sharp increase with the increase in concentration and temperature of sodium dodecyl sulphate the critical micelle concentration (CMC) decreased with the amount of ethanol increase which can be explained based on the nature of solvent mixed media and inter ionic attraction of ions. The graph of conductance versus concentration is used to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC).
Ashwathama Natyakavya in Creative Context
Authors: Yadav Devsharan
Published: February 2023

Critical contexts of lyrical poem ‘Ashwathama’ of lyricist Madhab Ghimire is presented in this article being full of poetic mood, the poet Ghimire has expressed the life consciousness and philosophical thinking of adulthood in this lyrical poem. Being full conscious, he has shown that the common place of people is alarming including injustice, tyranny, repression, exploitation, oppression, murder, violence, infanticide, feticide, abuse of power, degradation of human value in the world. It has expressed the need of peoples’ consciousness as the result of such criminal acts should be faced by people themselves and it aims to raise awareness of world and sufferings of people. Primary and secondary sources were used and library work, descriptive and analytical methods were used to analyse data. The main message of this poem is the sense of world brotherhood, brotherhood, mutual harmony, inspiration and ideology after the end of world war.
‘SOVEREIGNTY’ AND ‘OWNERSHIP’ AS THE ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL ONTOLOGY
Authors: Соколов А. М. , Муравьев А. Н.
Published: February 2023

The paper endeavors to offer a justification of social ontology as a true and universal form of philosophic thinking. As the two backbone notions of it I suggest ‘sovereignty’ and ‘ownership’ that are held in agreement by ‘activity’. In the introduction, an axiomatic assumption is introduced that asserts the essential identity of thinking (consciousness) and communication, which is a universal and integral handicap of activity that transforms the spontaneous uncertainty of being into the arranged certainty of the world. In the context of such an approach, thinking as communication is understood not so much functionally as substantially. At the same time, communication as thinking embodies the principle of a sovereign personality, which, in the horizon of social space, is carried out in the institution of property, covering both the totality of a person's inner content and the system of his relations with the surrounding world. Moreover, the ‘surrounding world’ is interpreted in the broadest sense as a set of indefinite objects translated into a system of broadcasting things. Herein I try to demonstrate the historical retrospective of social ontology through contemplation of these categories. A particular importance is given to the substance of ‘ownership’ and to modernity in the bourgeois civilization pointing to the fundamental contradictions in their respective actualization. In particular, the article emphasizes that in the era of modernity of postmodernity, in the conditions of bourgeois and post-bourgeois society, the mechanism of ‘mastering’ as a form of actualization of the institution of property and the assertion of a sovereign personality is consistently transformed into a mechanism of ‘appropriation’. This mutation becomes the cause of personality desuverenization. According to the authors, the desuverenization of personality is carried out in the mode of ‘alienation’ or exploitation, in the broad sense of the word, of the basic content of a person as a being who maintains the order of being through free implementing activity.
ИРАК И ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ КРИЗИС 1938–1939 ГГ. В КУВЕЙТЕ
Authors: Туманян Т. Г.
Published: February 2023

This article deals with little-known events in the history of relations between Iraq and Kuwait that took place in the second half of the 1930-s. These two Arab countries located in the Persian Gulf area have much in common in their history and culture. At the same time the relations between them were not always stable and good neighborly. In their development they went through the different stages including phases of crises and armed confrontation. Today many of us still remember well the military events that occurred between these states in 1990–1991. The results of this fratricidal war eventually led to a change in the political regime in Iraq and seriously affected the development of regional relations in the Middle East. However, this war was preceded by other conflicts between countries. The earliest took place on the eve of the World War II. The conflict was associated with the aspiration of Iraqi King Ghazi and his supporters to unite Kuwait and Iraq. The article examines the reasons and grounds of the Iraqi political course that escalated the 1938–1939 crisis in Kuwait.
СОПЕРНИЧЕСТВО США И КНР В СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СФЕРЕ ПРИ АДМИНИСТРАЦИИ Д. ТРАМПА
Authors: Маматханов Р. С.
Published: February 2023

This article proposes a systematic study of the deliberately antagonistic US foreign policy towards China in the socio-political sphere. The escalation of rivalry between the US and China in the socio-political sphere happened extremely quickly, and all because the Trump administration tried its best to increase regular pressure on China, artificially politicizing almost every problematic moment in modern US-Chinese relations. The goal of such a tough policy was justified by D. Trump's team by the fact that the growth of the power of the PRC poses a direct challenge not only to the values, interests, security and well-being of the United States, but also to the foundations of the existing system of international relations, where America occupies a leading position. From 2017 to 2021 there was a sharp aggravation of rivalry between the US and China in the socio-political sphere happened very quickly. The quantity of mutual restrictions has exceeded the number of similar measures in all the years since the collapse of the bipolar system. The most powerful surge of mutual sanctions, restrictions and bans occurred in 2019–2020, when economic contradictions and the problem associated with the spread of COVID-19 reached their peak. In addition, we have to admit that due to such harsh anti-Chinese rhetoric that emerged with the advent of the Trump administration, US-Chinese cooperation in the socio-political field has practically come to naught. The limits of such comprehensive rivalry have not yet been exhausted, and there are no prerequisites for a reset of US-China relations yet.
Пандемия және әлеуметтік-экономикалық даму индекстері: Қазақстан мысалында
Authors: Бельдибаева К.Ж. , Умырзакова А.А. , Усембаева Г.Т.
Published: February 2023

Мақсаты: Пандемияның салдарынан елдердің әлеуметтік–экономикалық индикаторлары төмендеді. Кедейлік шегі, өмір сүру ұзақтығы, күн көріс деңгейі сияқты мәселелердің қазіргі уақытта өзектілігі жоғары. COVID-19 әлемдегі кедейлік шегінің құрылымына өзгеріс енгізді. Мақалада халықтың әлеуметтік жағдайын жан-жақты зерттеуде Халықаралық ұйымдардың көрсеткіштеріне, БҰҰ және Әлемдік банк деректеріне, пандемия салдарынан қалыптасқан 1,90 долларға тең жаhандық  кедейліктің ең төменгі кедейлік шегінің жаңа шамасының қалыптасуы, халықтың өмір сүру көрсеткіштері мен Қазақстанның әлемдік тұрақтылық рейтингісіндегі орны мен М. Портердің Әлеуметтік даму индекстеріне сәйкес республикадағы әлеуметтік көрсеткіштердің мықты және осал жақтары талданған.Әдісі: Қолданылған әдіснамалар мен тәсілдер: статистикалық мәліметтер негізінде салыстырмалы талдау.Қорытынды: Зерттеу нәтижесі көрсеткендей, әлеуметтік–экономикалық даму индекстеріне біршама факторлар әсер ететіні анықталды. Мемлекеттің экономикалық тұрақтылығы тікелей әлеуметтік индикаторларға тәуелдігі талданды.Тұжырымдама: БҰҰ-ның 2015 жылы қабылдаған, 2030 жылдарға белгілеген Тұрақты дамудың күн тәртібіндегі 17 мақсатына сәйкес, әлемнің тұрақты, инклюзивті дамуы және кедейшіліктің жойылуы, әлеуметтік теңсіздіктікпен күресі және әділдікке қол жеткізу, экологиялық ахуал сияқты жаhандық мәселелері мемлекеттер үшін өзекті. Әлеуметтік дамуды, оның принциптерін зерттеп, 3 бөліктен тұратын 50-ден аса индикаторлар арқылы АҚШ-тың атақты ғалымы Майкл Портер 2013 жылы Әлеуметтік даму индекстерін өз зерттеулерінде қарастырған және аталған индекс әлемдік тұрақтылық индексінде әлем елдерінің рейтингісі анықталады. Бірақ бұл жерде экономикалық көрсеткіштер ескерілмейді.
Цифрландыру жағдайында медициналық қызметтердің сапасын бағалаудың әдіснамалық тәсілдері
Authors: Оразгалиева Э.Б. , Смыкова М.Р.
Published: February 2023

Мақсаты: Медициналық қызметтер сапасын бағалаудың қазіргі тәсілдерін және медициналық мекемелер көрсететін қызметтер сапасының өлшемдерін зерттеу. Мақалада республикадағы денсаулық сақтауды цифрлық трансформациялаудың алғышарттары да қаралды.Әдістері: Қойылған мақсаттарды іске асыру үшін кабинеттік зерттеулер – медициналық қызметтердің сапасын бағалау саласындағы заңнамалық актілерге контент талдау және медициналық қызметтердің сапасын бағалаудың әдістемелік тәсілдерін ғылыми негіздеу үшін әдеби дереккөздерге шолу және салыстырмалы талдау жүргізілді.Нәтижелері: Мақалада медициналық қызметтердің сапасын бағалау үшін медициналық қызметтердің сапасы және медициналық қызметтердің сәйкестік сапасы сияқты сипаттамалар қолданылды. Медициналық қызмет көрсету сапасы медициналық қызмет іс жүзінде пациенттің қажеттілігін қанағаттандыратын дәрежесін көрсетеді. Медициналық қызметтің сәйкестік сапасы медициналық мекеме ұсынатын қызметтердің ішкі ерекшеліктер мен стандарттарға сәйкес келу дәрежесін анықтайды.Қорытындылар: Авторлар медициналық қызметтердің сапасын бағалаудың әдіснамалық негіздері мен критерийлеріне контент талдау жасау негізінде медициналық қызметтерді өндірушілер мен тұтынушыларды бағалаудың бірлескен тәсілін пайдалануды ұсынды. Медициналық қызметтер сапасын бағалаудың келесідей тәсілдері мен әдістерін пайдалана отырып, жиынтық кешенді бағалауды енгізу ұсынылды. Олар SERVQUAL моделінің индикаторларын қолданып, медициналық қызметтер сапасын бағалаудың тұтынушылық тәсілін, сауалнама әдісін, стандарттарға сәйкестік әдісін және сараптамалық әдісін ендіру.
Аймақтар негізінде кедейлік деңгейіне салыстырмалы талдау: Қазақстан мысалында
Authors: Расулова А.М. , Галинова А.Т. , Киричок О.В. , Давлетбаева Н.Б.
Published: February 2023

Мақсаты: Аймақтарда абсолюттік кедейлік деңгейі көрсеткіштері серпінінің үрдістері мен ерекшеліктерін анықтау.Әдістер: Зерттеу барысында Қазақстан Республикасының аймақтар арасындағы кедейшілік деңгейіне баға беру мақсатында математикалық–экономикалық және де жүйелік талдау әдістері қолданылды.Нәтижелер: Зерттеу нәтижесі көрсеткендей кедейшілік көрсеткіштерін Қазақстан өңірлері арасында саралаудың жоғары деңгейі бар. Зерттелген 10 жыл ішінде аймақтар арасындағы саралау деңгейі төмендеді, бірақ әлі күнге дейін, әсіресе абсолютті кедейлік деңгейінде байқалады. Кедейлік орташа деңгейі Қазақстанның жоғары аймақтарында, негізінен Оңтүстік және Солтүстік өңірінде кездеседі.Талқылау: Жалпылай алғанда кедейшілік деңгейінің төмендеуіне, өсуіне көптеген факторлар әсер етеді. Зерттеу нәтижесі көрсеткендей аймақтар бойынша кедейшілік мәселесінің туындауының өз ерекшеліктері бар. Сондықтан да әр аймақтағы кедейшілікпен күресу үшін әр түрлі тиімді құралдарды пайдалану және де іс шараларды жүргізу маңызды болып саналады.
Obtaining functional-gradient Ti-HA coatings by detonation spraying
Authors: Sagdoldina Zh.B. , Baizhan D.R. , Kambarov Е.Е. , Torebek K.
Published: February 2023

Functional-gradient titanium/hydroxyapatite (TiHA) coatings were obtained using detonation spraying technology to improve the structure and mechanical properties. To obtain functional-gradient coatings, pulsed energy sources are best suited, namely, detonation spraying, in which the energy of the explosion of gas mixtures is used as a source of pulsed action. By controlling the modes of detonation spraying, it is possible to vary the temperature and rate of coating deposition; accordingly, it is possible to obtain a certain structuralphase structure of the coatings. The structural-phase state and tribological properties of TiHA detonation coatings were investigated by modern materials science methods: X-ray phase analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX-mapping), profilometry and ball-disk wear-resistance test. The results showed that the coatings had a continuously gradient elemental composition across the cross-section of the coatings with no boundary between the elemental layers of the coatings. The amount of Ti gradually decreased and the amount of hydroxyapatite gradually increased in the direction from the substrate to the surface of the coatings, which allows to expand the possibilities of using TiHA-coatings for bone implants. Since the surface layer is composed of HA, the resulting functional-gradient coating demonstrates excellent biocompatibility and the ability to create new bone tissue. The excellent mechanical strength of the functionally graded coatings is ensured by the Ti phase.
The use of a cluster-associate pattern for calculation of melt viscosity
Authors: Kazhikenova A.Sh. , Alibiyev D.B. , Tentekbayeva Zh.M. , Smailova A.S. , Orazbekova R.A. , Kauymbek I.S.
Published: February 2023

The liquid state of the substance is the most complex for theoretical description. Modern ideas about the liquid and its viscosity are reduced to the following: in the structure of the liquid, the spatial arrangement of atoms is not fixed, as in a crystal, and is not in a free state, as in a gas. Therefore, liquid may approach its properties to gas near the boiling point or the solid state near the melting point. Thus, the structure of the liquid is characterized by the short-range order of the bond. The properties of liquid metals are obtained mainly from experimental studies. This article provides mathematical justification for the cluster-associate pattern. The purpose of the study is to show the possibility of applying a semi-empirical model to calculate the viscosity of liquid metals. The proposed model is developed using the concept of chaotized particles, which is based on the Boltzmann distribution. This model is developed based on the association degree of clusters of their crystal-moving particles. For many years, the viscosity of liquid metals has been studied only by experimental methods. The model enables to find melt viscosity values analytically. The calculated viscosity values of some metals are compared to experimental values in this model. It is established that in all cases the obtained values coincide with the experimental values. The correctness of the proposed model is confirmed by the correlation coefficient. The application of the proposed model has been shown previously on some metals. In this work, we also show the applicability of the cluster-associate pattern using the example of beryllium, since it can be correlated with semimetals by many physicochemical properties. The degree of novelty of the scientific results lies in the fact that the obtained high correlation coefficients for the analysed metals indicate their functionality.
Investigation of the Characteristics of Materials with the Ruddlesden-Popper Structure for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Kuterbekov K.A. , Bekmyrza K.Zh. , Kabyshev A.M. , Kubenova M.M. , Aidarbekov N.K. , Nurkenov S.A.
Published: February 2023

This article presents the results of a study of the characteristics of materials based on lanthanum nickelate La2Ni1-xCoxO4+δ (0≤x≤0.3) and Pr2NiO4+δ. Their crystal structure and interaction with YSZ and GDC electrolyte materials at 900 °C are analyzed. The thermal expansion coefficients are determined and the temperature dependences of the conductivities are studied. The polarization resistance of these materials in contact with the electrolyte material YSZ is also measured. As a result of the study, the following cathode materials were investigated: La2Ni1-xCoxO4 (0≤ x ≤0.3), Pr2NiO4. In this case, the influence of low concentrations of Co on the characteristics of lanthanum nickelate was studied for the first time. Materials based on lanthanum nickelate and praseodymium nickelate were characterized by a structure of the K2NiF4 type (RuddlesdenPopper phases) with rhombic symmetry. A study of the thermal expansion of cathode materials showed that all the studied materials are characterized by higher CTEs than YSZ and GDC electrolytes. Based on the studies performed, cathode materials were chosen for the formation of composites with GDC electrolyte: La2NiO4, La2Ni0.8Co0.2O4, Pr2NiO4. A study of the sintering kinetics and CTE of composites showed that their thermal characteristics are much closer to those of electrolytes than those of pure cathode materials.
The frequency of current fluctuations in two-valley semiconductors in an external electric and strong magnetic (
Authors: Mammadova G.M.
Published: February 2023

Boltzmann's kinetic equations have not been used to date to study nonequilibrium phenomena in semiconductors, and therefore, to obtain analytical expressions for the oscillation frequency inside the semiconductor and the critical external electric field, it is of theoretical interest. In this theoretical work, the frequency of oscillations occurring inside a two-valley semiconductor of the GaAs type in an external constant electric field and in an external strong magnetic field (
Mobile technology of thermal modification of wood
Authors: Horbachova Oleksandra , Tsapko Yuriy , Mazurchuk Serhii , Tsapko Oleksii
Published: February 2023

Wood as a structural material has a number of disadvantages, including a short service life, relatively low dimensional stability, significant volumetric deformations under the influence of moisture, pronounced anisotropy and water absorption. Thermomodification slightly improves physical and mechanical properties, but the problem of changing surface characteristics, in particular adhesion, arises. In order to determine the technological characteristics of thermally modified wood and to develop possible measures to improve the technology of applying protective coatings, the surface energy and compressive strength limit along the fibers were determined. A comprehensive approach is applied to analyze the state of the thermally modified wood surface through the study of surface energy characteristics based on the Fowkes method, which takes into account dispersion, hydrogen and dipole-dipole interactions at the solid-liquid interface. According to the marginal angle of wetting, it was found that the process of thermal modification wood helps to increase the resistance of its surface to wetting due to a decrease in polarity by 1.68 times with an increase in the duration of modification to 30 min. At the same time, the surface free energy for samples modified at 300 °C for 5 min. is 64.5 mJ/m2, during 30 min. – 24.1 mJ/m2. Regarding compressive strength, thermal modification reduces the strength limit by 1.46 times. At a temperature of 300 ºС and a time of 5 min. and 15 min. the indicator remains at the level of ordinary wood – 42 MPa. Treatment for 30 min. reduces the strength limit to 29 MPa, wood loses plasticity. The obtained results make it possible to effectively choose stable coatings for such wood for high-quality surface treatment with paint and varnish materials. Knowing the moment of time from which the reduction of the strength limit begins, conducting the process of thermal modification becomes more controlled and makes it possible to predict the characteristics of the future material
Peculiarities of formation of the forest litter of the water protection pine plantations in the Ukrainian interflue of the Dnipro and Desna rivers
Authors: Giustino Mezzalira , Yukhnovskyi Vasyl , Urliuk Yurii , Brovko Fedir , Rasenchuk Andrii
Published: February 2023

The effective performance of ameliorative functions by water protection plantations is largely determined by the development of the forest litter, its structure, capacity, quality composition, and degree of mineralization. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the features of the formation of the forest litter of pine plantations of the Ukrainian interfluves of the Dnipro and Desna. The study of forest litter was carried out on the accounting sites in all age groups of plantations, in which 22 test plots were laid. Litter samples were taken in between rows and directly in rows of forest plantations. During the analysis of the qualitative composition of the forest litter of young plantations, the dominance of the upper horizon of the inactive fraction, which consisted mainly of needles and branches, was revealed. Here, the share of inactive litter in the conditions of moist poor pine site and moist relatively poor pine site was 8.13 t/ha or 85.1% and 12.54 t/ha or 92.1%, respectively. A large amount of dust, which forms the active fraction, was recorded in the lower horizon. Its stocks were 5.3-5.6 times higher than the reserves of inactive litter. In general, in young pine forests in the conditions of moist poor pine site, the stock of inactive litter is 15.10 t/ha (28.1%), while its presence in of moist poor pine site is 17.91 t/ha, 36.5%. In middle-aged pine forests, the share of the active litter fraction increases, which is a consequence of the active action of its decomposition processes. The share of active litter is 79.3% or 155.29 t/ha in mature stands of the conditions of moist poor pine site. This is evidence of the intensification of the processes of mineralization and activation of the circulation of substances. Three horizons are clearly distinguished in the litter of plantations of older age groups, with a strong connection between them. The lower layer of the forest litter of water conservation plantations is permeated with physiologically active roots, which forms its dense type of structure. Under such conditions, during the separation of the lower layer of litter from the upper one, it does not fall apart and its structure remains dense. The presence of strongly intertwined physiologically active roots in the third horizon of the litter is evidence of the activation of microbiological processes, which are also accelerated by the interception of moisture and the accumulation of humus particles of the soil by the lower layers of the forest litter. To prevent the development of flood processes, the effective performance of water regulation and water purification functions, it is recommended to create water conservation plantations with the formation of the identified type of forest litter
Kitle iletişim araçları içerisinde dolaşıma sokulan fotoğrafik görsellerin iletişim sağlamadaki rolü ve çözümlenmesi
Authors: Çiçek Erkan
Published: February 2023

Tüm tanımlar incelediğimizde; iletişimi, iki ya da daha fazla kişi ya da grup arasında bilgi, duygu, düşünce ve davranışların aktarıldığı bir süreç olarak tanımlamak mümkündür. İletişim türlerini, “sözlü/işitsel, sözsüz/görsel ve yazılı/yazınsal” iletişim olarak üç grup altında toplayarak incelemek mümkündür. İletişim gerçekliğinin bileşenleri olarak fotoğraf ve tasarım öğeleri hedef kitle açısından anlam katmanlarının oluşturulmasında büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bir sorunun çözümü için geliştirilmiş, işleyiş ve biçim kararlarının tümüne yani her şeye tasarım diyebiliriz. Görsel iletişim tasarım bileşenleri olarak tanımlanan renk, obje, fon, metin ve tipografi aynı zamanda fotoğrafında bileşenleridir. Yani görsel gücü ön planda olan bir fotoğrafta tasarım çok önemlidir. Tasarım ve fotoğrafta beğeni çok önemli bir unsurdur. Beğeninin DNA’sını 1950 ve 1960’lı yıllarda oluşturan Filozof, Fizik Prof. Jacques Lacan, “Beğeninin; moda ve trendlerin temelini oluşturduğunu” söylemektedir. Bir sanat eserini çözümlemeye çalışırken en önemli yollardan biriside ikna kavramıdır. İkna kavramı ilk kez Aristo ile incelenmeye başlanmıştır. “İkna, bir kimsenin diğerini bilinçli bir niyetle tutarlı fikirler, etkili çekicilikler, güvenilirlik ve kanıt gibi unsurlar kullanarak istenilen yönde etkileme ve yönlendirme” olarak tanımlanmaktadır.Bu çalışmada, örnek afiş çalışmaları üzerinde çözüm ve yorumlar yapılmıştır. Ele alınan örnek film ve tanıtım afişleri incelenirken, fotoğrafın afişte kullanımı ve tasarıma olan etkisi iletişim, tasarım, etik ve hedef kitle başlıkları üzerinden çözümlenmiştir.Literatür taraması yapılarak bu alanda üretilmiş çeşitli çalışmalar incelenip afiş tasarımında görselin yani fotoğrafın içerikle uyumlu bir şekilde işe koşulması örnekler üzerinde incelenmiştir.