bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards the comparison synthesis of Fe3O4 nanocatalysts using two different systems in Fischer–Tropsch process
Authors: Hussien Al khazraji Abdulqadier , T. I. Alkayar Ziad , Alwan Hussen Maher , Mohamed Rashed Athraa
Published: January 2025

Two types of nanocatalyst were synthesized using two different catalytic systems Fe3O4/ paraffin/polymethyl methacrylate (Fe3O4/pr/PMMA) and Fe3O4/paraffin/urotropine (Fe3O4/Pr/Uro) in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) and downloaded in the slurry-bed reactor (SBR), their effect in the FTS performance and liquid hydrocarbons productivity were studied. The thermal decomposition method was used to prepare the nanoiron oxide nanocatalysts using the two systems. The results show that the two different systems affect the sizes of particle and gave nanoparticles with various sizes. The Fe3O4/paraffin/polymethyl methacrylate system nanocatalysts show good adsorption of syngas (CO:H2), with high activity as compared to Fe3O4/paraffin/urotropin in the FTS system. In addition, the polymethyl methacrylate polymer has enhanced the interaction between Fe3O4 NPs and CO:H2 molecule, leading improved syngas chemical adsorption and the formation of liquid hydrocarbons at all experimental temperatures, but with urotropin the conversion of CO was reduced when heated over 260 °C, and leading to lower the liquid hydrocarbons formation.
KEY WORDS: Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, Iron oxide nanoparticles, Polymethyl methacrylate, Urotropin.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 503-514.                                                           
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.9
Defining global health law
Authors: Coggon John
Published: January 2025

Global health law has become an established field of education, practice and research, with its importance as each of these being beyond doubt. At the same time, however, its definition remains elusive and subject to peculiar contest. Discourses on what it is, or is about, result in the advancing of challenging contrasts, paradoxes, contradictions and concessions. Against that background, this paper addresses global health law’s ‘coherence anxiety’. It is argued that particular definitional problems emerge where it is assumed or given that global health law is somehow a sub-field or sub-discipline of international law; that its distinction comes in its concerning ‘global law’ and ‘health’, rather than ‘global health’ and ‘law’. It is, of course, the case that the practical, institutional and governance ‘space’ of global health inevitably presents a key role for public international law and international health law. However, on examination, it is less than obvious that international law should be seen as the pivotal concern, less still defining, of the field. Insofar as an established reference point might provide a basis, frame or model for global health law, the field of public health law, rather than the discipline of international law, offers the more suited area.
Essay: Theoretical and normative foundations for global health law
Authors: Prah Jennifer J.
Published: January 2025

The Provincial Globalism (PG) and Shared Health Governance (SHG) frameworks established in Global Health Justice and Governance (Oxford University Press, 2018), provide theoretical and normative foundations for global health law. They ground global health law in human flourishing and health capabilities and require standards and legal and non-legal measures to ensure global health equity and justice. Specified roles and responsibilities for international organizations, states, and non-state actors provide a clear and structured approach for achieving global health equity, replacing the current fragmented international and global health law landscape.
La importación de vitrales en Chile entre 1870 y 1970: del encargo por catálogo a la creación artística
Authors: Araos Andrea
Published: January 2025

Los vitrales en Chile, tienen cien años de historia, que comienza en los años 1870 y que declina a partir de los años 1970. Los valores que transmite este corpus dan cuenta de las múltiples dimensiones de este arte: portador de historia, símbolos y la transmisión de conocimientos, entre los principales. Es un importante testimonio de la transferencia cultural que se produjo en un mundo en pleno periodo de expansión y movimiento. Esta breve reflexión se ha articulado desde el cruce de las relaciones entre los diferentes actores de este intercambio, como arquitectos, mandantes, artistas y los receptores de las obras, además del mercado local a la que este arte dio lugar.
Порядок возмещения вреда, причиненного действием незаконных нормативных предписаний в сфере тарифного регулирования
Authors: Никитин С.В.
Published: January 2025

АВТОР АНАЛИЗИРУЕТ ПРОБЛЕМЫ, КОТОРЫЕ ВОЗНИКАЮТ ПРИ РАССМОТРЕНИИ АРБИТРАЖНЫМИ СУДАМИ ДЕЛ О ВОЗМЕЩЕНИИ ВРЕДА, ПРИЧИНЕННОГО ДЕЙСТВИЕМ НЕЗАКОННЫХ НОРМАТИВНЫХ ПРАВОВЫХ АКТОВ В СФЕРЕ ТАРИФНОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ. ПО МНЕНИЮ АВТОРА, ЕДИНСТВЕННЫМ ПРАВОВЫМ ОСНОВАНИЕМ ДЛЯ ВОЗМЕЩЕНИЯ УБЫТКОВ ПОСТАВЩИКА ИЛИ ПОЛУЧАТЕЛЯ УСЛУГ, ВЫЗВАННЫХ УСТАНОВЛЕНИЕМ НЕЗАКОННОГО ТАРИФА, ЯВЛЯЮТСЯ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВА ИЗ ПРИЧИНЕНИЯ ВРЕДА (СТ. 1069 ГК РФ). В СВЯЗИ С ЭТИМ ИМ ВЫРАЖАЕТСЯ НЕСОГЛАСИЕ СО СЛОЖИВШЕЙСЯ СУДЕБНОЙ ПРАКТИКОЙ ВЗЫСКАНИЯ УБЫТКОВ В СУММЕ ПЕРЕПЛАТЫ ЗА ПОСТАВЛЕННЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ С ИХ ПОСТАВЩИКА ВСЛЕДСТВИЕ НЕОСНОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ОБОГАЩЕНИЯ (СТ. 1102–1103 ГК РФ). АВТОРОМ ВНОСЯТСЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПО СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЮ ПРАКТИКИ РАССМОТРЕНИЯ И РАЗРЕШЕНИЯ АРБИТРАЖНЫМИ СУДАМИ ДЕЛ ДАННОЙ КАТЕГОРИИ.
Упрощенное производство по экономическим спорам в процессуальном законодательстве государств — членов ЕАЭС
Authors: Дегтярева В.С.
Published: January 2025

СТАТЬЯ ПОСВЯЩЕНА АНАЛИЗУ ПОЛОЖЕНИЙ ГРАЖДАНСКИХ ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНЫХ КОДЕКСОВ ГОСУДАРСТВ — ЧЛЕНОВ ЕВРАЗИЙСКОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО СОЮЗА В ЧАСТИ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ПОРЯДКА ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ УПРОЩЕННОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА. ТАКЖЕ ОСВЕЩЕНЫ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ВОПРОСЫ, ВОЗНИКАЮЩИЕ ПРИ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОМ ПРИМЕНЕНИИ ГЛАВЫ 29 АПК РФ.
Pre and Post-Development Concerns of High–Rise Housing Density Revisited
Authors: Jais Ahmad Sahir , Marzuki Azizan
Published: January 2025

The demand for high-rise housing in Malaysia continues to rise, driven by urbanisation and land scarcity. While high-rise developments address spatial constraints, they present challenges related to environmental sustainability, social dynamics, and urban quality of life. This study aims to analyse high-rise housing density within the Malaysian context, focusing on pre-development and post-development stages and evaluating the planning methodologies employed by local authorities. A qualitative research approach was employed, integrating a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Thematic Analysis. Data mining techniques using Keywords in Context (KWIC) identified critical themes, and qualitative analysis software (Atlas.ti.8) was used to process 150 datasets, including journal articles, policy documents, and government reports. The research refined these datasets through thematic coding into 30 core references that underpin the findings. The study reveals significant inconsistencies in how density standards are applied, often resulting in environmental degradation, social challenges, and infrastructure strain. While Malaysian planning authorities rely heavily on gross and net density metrics, comparisons with international benchmarks, such as those in Singapore and Japan, highlight the potential for integrating advanced digital tools and alternative density measures to enhance planning outcomes. Future research should explore the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) to improve density planning. Additionally, long-term studies on Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) initiatives and strategies for retrofitting high-density developments to enhance liveability and sustainability are recommended. This study advances understanding by offering a nuanced framework for addressing high-rise housing density and its implications for sustainable urban growth.
The diversity, status and perspective of the conservation of the herpetofauna in the "Codrii" Nature Reserve
Authors: CÎRLIG Tatiana
Published: January 2025

Within the "Codrii" nature reserve, 18 species of herpetofauna out of the 25 described for the Republic of Moldova were reported. The reserve, like other forest protected areas, represents the specific habitats of the strictly forest forms of the herpetofauna, and only stations for the spread of metapopulations within extinct or degraded ecosystems. So, the majority, or 14 species, of those described for the given area, prefer habitats within liziation, rarefaction, agrocenoses or open spaces, and only 4 species are strictly forest. In order to rehabilitate and preserve the biodiversity of herpetofauna, including that within the protected areas, it is necessary to include these habitats in a single ecological network, which includes the entire diversity of ecosystems.
Sustainable promotion of tourist destinations in Romania
Authors: DRĂGULEASA Ionuț-Adrian , DESCULȚU GRIGORE Mihaela-Iuliana
Published: January 2025

As a country, Romania seeks to internationally promote its authenticity, diversity of traditions and customs, natural tourist potential, and cultural–historical heritage. In the 21st century, from a tourist point of view, mass media plays an important role in promoting the image of tourist destinations in Romania. The purpose of this scientific work is to identify, analyze, process, and interpret the available statistical data about tourist destinations in Romania with the aid of geographic information systems (GIS), in order to inform local decision-makers and tourists about the true natural and cultural values of the Romanian geographical space.
The diversity of the parasitic plant Broomrape on the territory of the Republic of Moldova
Authors: DUCA Maria , CLAPCO Steliana , MUTU Ana
Published: January 2025

In the conditions of climate change, there is an alarming increase in the diversity of phytopathogenic species and their distribution to new areas, a fact that seriously affects natural and agricultural ecosystems. The specie Orobanche cumana Wallr. (sunflower broomrape) presents a high level of diversity and it is characterized by the existence of a series of biotypes with different virulence (races). Studying of the diversity of broomrape races is important for understanding the mechanisms of parasite evolution and adaptation to environmental changes. Analyzing the chronology of the appearance of sunflower broomrape races on the territory of the Republic of Moldova, we conclude that until the 2000s, the situation was relatively stable, the most aggressive being race E, while in the following period, the development of O. cumana and appearance of new, more aggressive and virulent biotypes became much faster. New races gained a dominant position and practically replaced the old biotypes. In this context, it is essential to analyze agricultural practices and identify sustainable solutions, develop procedures for monitoring the current state of parasite, develop appropriate risk mitigation procedures, such as decontamination, quarantine, as well as the protocols of certification etc.
Numerical estimation of the species and genera of the Aleocharinae subfamily (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in comparative context with some countries in Europe
Authors: MIHAILOV Irina , GROZDEVA Svetlana , BALAN Valerian
Published: January 2025

The subject discussed in the paper is the faunal potential presented by the number of genera and species of the Staphylinid group based on the general lists of 11 European countries (Romania, Russia, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Great Britain, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Hungary, Turkey) compared to Staphylinids from the Republic of Moldova. The main objective is to approach of the subfamily Aleocharinae, one of the subfamilies with a rather impressive number. In the list, 168 genera are deciphered whose exposure is followed by a certain number of staphylinids specific to the country selected in the analytical study.
The diversity of the benthonic algoflora of the Bic river in the Chisinau city area
Authors: NEDBALIUC Boris , NEDBALIUC Rodica , GRIGORCEA Sofia , CHIRIAC Eugenia
Published: January 2025

As a result of the investigations of the algal communities in the Bîc river (from the Chisinau area), 253 species and varieties of algae were identified, producing a biomass from 60 g/m2 to 2-3 kg/m2. Bacilariophytes develop intensively in the autumn-winter-spring period, chlorophytes – spring-summer-autumn, and cyanoprokaryotes and euglenophytes - summer and autumn. Species from the Dinophyta and Xanthophyta phyla are rarely found in the benthic communities of the river. Under the conditions of high concentrations of nutrients and high temperatures, the rapid multiplication of algae species from the genera Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Oscillatoria, Microcystis, Euglena etc. occurs, which sometimes causes the phenomenon of "blooming" of the water.
Environmental protection – main component in the education of students in the spirit of the 21st century
Authors: SAVIN Irina-Isabella
Published: January 2025

Today's world suffers from the problem of environmental degradation. Some issues are global, while some are regional. Globally, the problems are: global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, etc. Environmental education has important formative values in the intellectual, moral and physical development of students, being an interactive learning practice that develops imagination and unlocks creativity. When integrated into the curriculum, students are more engaged in learning by being encouraged to study, investigate how and why things happen, and make their own decisions about complex environmental issues. By developing and improving critical and creative thinking skills, environmental education contributes to the growth of a new generation that can be the decision-maker regarding the environmental issues facing today's society.
Some aspects of the dynamics of the relative density of small rodents in different types of biotopes
Authors: SÎTNIC Veaceslav , NISTREANU Victoria , CARAMAN Natalia
Published: January 2025

The research was carried out in various biotopes during the years 1975-2023. The highest values of the relative density of small rodents were recorded in the wheat field 30% and alfalfa 24.6% in the autumn period, followed by the agrocenosis ecotone with the forest – 23.1% and the forest canopy with 19.9%. An increase in the value of the Simpson diversity index from April (0.38) to June (0.52) was determined for the rodent community in the winter wheat field and a decrease in the forest coenosis from April (0.54 ) up to 0.46 in June. In September, for the corn field, the value of the diversity index is 0.48, and for the forest ecosystem - 0.4, with a decrease compared to June.
Proteins – essential partners in weight control
Authors: STUPAC Nicoleta , BARNACIUC Violeta
Published: January 2025

Protein plays a major role in weight control and maintaining optimal health. By taking a balanced and conscious approach to protein consumption, we can support efforts to lose weight and maintain a lean body mass. It is recommended to consult a nutritionist or specialist doctor for personalized advice before making any significant changes to your diet. Overall, protein remains essential partners in the journey to effective weight management and overall health.
Observations on the ichthyofauna of "Balta Mică a Brăilei" Nature Park
Authors: TUDOR Alina-Adriana
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the ichthyofauna of Balta Mică a Brăilei Natural Park, an essential ecosystem for biodiversity conservation and ecological balance. The study focuses on the role of ichthyofauna in maintaining the health of this habitat within the global context of the importance of aquatic ecosystems. Investigating the fish species of this natural park is crucial for understanding local biodiversity and identifying measures for its conservation and protection. The analysis is conducted within a specific geographic and ecological framework, covering aspects related to species distribution, ecological interactions, and the impact of human activities on fish populations and their habitats. Given the impact of climate change and growing anthropogenic pressure, it is essential to manage and protect natural resources in the park to ensure biodiversity conservation and ecological balance. The study's results and conclusions offer valuable insights into the sustainable management of ichthyofauna and the aquatic ecosystem of Balta Mică a Brăilei Natural Park. They emphasise the need for concerted and responsible actions to safeguard this valuable habitat and its associated species.
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) in the treatment of diseases of the nervous and respiratory system
Authors: ȚURCAN Valeria , IVANCOV Ludmila
Published: January 2025

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is a plant of the Lamiaceae family, known as garden thyme, good thyme, true thyme, fragrant thyme, cuckoo grass, lemon grass. In the past, thyme was also called lemon or lemongrass and was particularly appreciated in the Middle Ages, especially in kitchens near monastic settlements. Originally from the Mediterranean area, it grows spontaneously in Spain, France, Portugal, Morocco, Siberia, at high altitudes. It is grown in Romania, Switzerland, North America and the Republic of Moldova for medicinal and aromatic purposes. It has been used since Antiquity as a medicinal plant, later also as a spice plant. Known and cultivated by the Geto-Dacians. It grows on almost any type of soil, withstands heavy rains, but also drought. The most aromatic leaves are harvested when the plants have started to bloom. The medicinal product is Thymi vulgaris herba - the aerial parts of thyme. Young non-lignified branches are harvested during the opening of the first flowers. Any delay is related not only to the decrease in volatile oil content, but also to the reduction and deterioration of the quality of the vegetative mass, through the loss of a large part of the leaves. Dry in the shade or in dryers at 35°C. Thymia is used in the form of infusion, fluid extract in bronchial coughs and whooping cough, thanks to the herbs antiseptic and calming properties, provided primarily by thymol, carvacrol and other volatile fractions.
The biological preparations Carbecol and Funecol in economic comparison with the chemical preparation Pencozeb
Authors: ZUBCU Ion
Published: January 2025

The study topic presented in the paper includes the biological fungicides, carbecol and funecol presented in economic aspect compared to the classical chemical product Pencozeb. These 2 products have harmless applicability for environmental components and population health, present a biotechnological elaboration for ecological agriculture as a separate field in science. As a final result, in the paper are presented biannual cumulative data, for the period 2022- 2023.
Prospects for using Allium L. in greening
Authors: ВОЙНЯК Ина
Published: January 2025

The paper presents the results of studying the biological characteristics and adaptive abilities of species of the genus Allium L., as representatives of the natural flora, in the conditions of the National Botanical Garden (Institute) “Alexandru Ciubotaru”. The phenological phases, morphological indicators, belonging to a certain group in relation to the lifeform, decorativeness and duration of flowering, methods of reproduction of the studied Allium L. species in our conditions were determined. Based on the research results, their characteristics were identified that are promising for use in landscaping
Collection of the genus Rhipsalis Garht in The National Botanical Garden in the light of subgeneric classification A. Calvente
Authors: ТОДИРАШ Наталья , ПОЛЯКОВ Антон
Published: January 2025

In the presented article, the genus Rhipsalis Gaertn of the Cactaceae family was characterized based on the classification proposed by A. Calvente (2011) and the divisions into sections of the subgenus Rhipsalis represented by Baсkeberg. (1979). The dynamics of development of the collection of the genus Rhipsalis in the National Botanical Garden named after. F Chubotaru. The results of the systematization, revision and identification of collection species were presented.
Repertory Grid Method with Offenders: Two Case Examples with Antisocial Personality Disorder
Authors: Drndarević Nikola
Published: January 2025

The repertory grid is a research tool that serves both as a method and an instrument. As a
method, it provides a systematic framework for exploring subjective perspectives, fostering
engagement and rapport while adapting to specific contexts. As an instrument, it is coconstructed with participants, offering a personalized depiction of their internal constructs
without imposing external frameworks. Despite its promise, the repertory grid has seen limited
use in forensic settings. This paper reviews existing research and presents findings from two
case studies involving offenders diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. The findings
support the grid's utility in providing detailed insights into personality structure, which can aid
in security risk assessments and treatment planning. The grid's collaborative nature helps
produce relevant personal constructs while minimizing socially desirable responses by not
explicitly revealing the research goal. Its adaptability allows for customization to the
researcher’s needs. However, limitations such as its complexity and the need for specialized
training may hinder broader use, underscoring the need for more accessible programs or
simplified educational tools.
European Prison Worker?
Authors: Hacin Rok
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Research Problem: The diversity of the European countries is not only reflected
in their distinct history and culture, but also in the organisation of prison systems, aims of
punishment, size and conditions within prisons, characteristics of prison populations, and the
structure of the prison staff. Objectives: The paper aims to present the development of
punishment and prison services in Europe and highlight similarities and differences between
European prison systems. Methods: Delineation of the historical development of prisons in
European countries is based on a literature review, while a comparative method was used to
highlight similarities and differences in the organisation of prison systems. Results: The
organisation, structure, and characteristics of prison staff in European countries are complex
and diverse. The Council of Europe, CPT, and ECHR provided strong foundations for the
future development of “European penology”, however distinct historical, cultural and legal
development in European countries present a counterweight for possible uniform development
of prison services across Europe. Conclusion: Universal standards for protecting human rights
in prisons must be adopted by European countries and respected in practice, but every other
aspect of the implementation of prison sentences should be individually tailored to the specific
needs of an individual country, including the organisation of the prison service
Work Engagement, Education, and Vocational Training of Inmates in the Sremska Mitrovica Penitentiary Facility
Authors: Vujičić Nikola
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the author analyses the importance of work engagement, education, and
vocational training for the purpose of resocialising persons who serve prison sentence. The
purpose of this paper is to observe the mentioned segments of treatment (their role in the
process of resocialisation) from the point of view of correctional officers who work with the
convicted persons, and at the same time to identify problems encountered in practice, as well
as in the process of conducting treatment in terms of work engagement, education, and
vocational training, and also following the expiry of prison term. Research, a qualitative study
carried out with the application of the focus group method, was conducted during the year 2022
in the Sremska Mitrovica Penitentiary Facility. The main findings show that work, education,
and training achieve their purpose in practice but also that there are still multiple stumbling
blocks that stand in the way of successful integration into society once prison sentence has been
served. Some recommendations relative to improvements in practice have been provided, these
recommendations relying on the results of the performed survey, findings of some earlier
research and legal standards that are of relevance for executing prison sentence and the position
of convicted persons.
Disciplinary Offences in the Penal System: Causes and Methods of Punishment
Authors: Petrović Vera
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Normative regulation of prison life, maintaining order and security and creating the conditions for the implementation of treatments have a high priority in penal practice. However, in spite of that, a number of convicts do not follow the rules and commit disciplinary offences. Some of the reasons why convicts commit disciplinary offences are prison life conditions, disorganisation of the prison administration, and the characteristics of prisons and convicts. Objective: The objective of the research is to show the frequency of disciplinary offences and disciplinary sanctioning of convicts, as well as to determine the differences in individual characteristics between convicts who have and have not committed disciplinary offences. Methods: The sample included 96 convicted individuals from the Sremska Mitrovica Penitentiary who started their prison sentences in 2013 and were released in the period between 2016 and 2018. The length of the imposed sentence was from three years and one month to five years (M = 47.76; SD = 7.99). The age of the convicts at the start of their prison sentences ranged from 23 to 75 (M = 36.73; SD = 10.90). The sample included 41.7% of respondents who had not been convicted previously and 64.6% who had been in prison for the first time. The data was collected by analysing official documents. Results: In the observed period, 52.1% of respondents committed 99 disciplinary offences, with minor disciplinary offences being more frequent (52.5%). Four disciplinary offences were committed in 62.7% of cases, and 23 disciplinary offences were never committed. Convicts were most often sanctioned by solitary confinement. According to most of the examined variables, significant differences were found between the convicts who committed and those who did not commit disciplinary offences. Conclusion: Even though the obtained results indicate that the discipline of convicted individuals is not at an enviable level, we should pay attention to the imposed disciplinary measures and strive to reduce frequency of solitary confinement. The fact that convicts who commit and do not commit disciplinary offences differ in certain individual characteristics can indicate which convicts should be given special attention in the penal treatment process. The recommendation for future research is to examine the connection between committing disciplinary offences and dynamic factors that can be influenced by treatment.
Protection of Prisoners' Human Rights in Croatia: Analysis of Legal Framework and Practice
Authors: Kovčo Vukadin Irma , Rajić Saša , Pleško Martina
Published: January 2025

Prisoners represent a specific group in terms of human rights protection. The aim of this paper
was to contribute to this topic by analysing the legal framework and practise of the protection
of prisoners' rights in Croatia, specifically implementation of European Prison Rules in
domestic legislation and the protection of prisoners' human rights from the perspective of
national and international monitoring bodies and the European Court of Human Rights. In
order to achieve the aim of this paper, four research questions were set up: 1) Is the Croatian
legislation harmonised with the European Prison Rules in terms of the selected provisions
(basic principles and inspection and monitoring rules) on respect for the human rights of
prisoners, 2) What does the protection of prisoners' rights look like in the practise of Croatian
monitoring mechanisms, 3) What is the picture of prisoners' rights protection in Croatia from
the perspective of Committee for Prevention of Torture (CPT), and 4) What are the most
frequent violations of the rights of Croatian prisoners from the practise of the European Court
of Human Rights? Results showed that Croatian legislation is harmonized with the European
Prison Rules (in analysed topics) (1), and that the main challenges are material conditions,
overcrowding and the shortage of the prison staff having a cascading effect on violation of
prisoners’ rights (2, 3, 4). While significant strides have been made, continuous efforts are
necessary to address persistent challenges.
Determination Analysis Of Village Owned Enterprise Sustainability
Authors: Fathima Salsa Hanifatul , Susanto Barkah , Yuliani Nur Laila , Darmadi Ravindra Ardiana , Utami Pranita Siska
Published: January 2025

Research Aims: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of improving work quality, increasing income and budget efficiency on the sustainability of Village Owned Enterprise businesses in Borobudur District. The problems that occurred in Village Owned Enterprise which experienced a decline in performance in Borobudur for several years after COVID-19, especially in 2022 and 2023. The decline was due to three main factors, namely the lack of increased expertise, income, and budget management.
Design/methodology/approach: The method used in this study is quantitative research using primary data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to Village Owned Enterprise managers in Borobudur District. The technique is used in collecting samples using the purposive sampling method. The analysis methods used include Validity Test, Reliability, Determination Coefficient, and multiple linear regression with F Test and t Test.
Research Findings: The results of this study indicate that improving work quality has a positive effect on business continuity, as well as other variables, increasing income and budget efficiency also have a positive effect on the sustainability of Village Owned Enterprise.
Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The contribution of this research is expected to provide input and become a reference for Village Owned Enterprise and the local government and it is hoped that it can be generalized in identifying key factors that influence business sustainability. The limitations of this study are that the data needed for the study are difficult to obtain due to the limited human resources of Village Owned Enterprise, because several Village Owned Enterprise have merged into one with Balkondes.
DIVERSITY AND BURDEN OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES IN GOAT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF VERACRUZ, MEXICO
Authors: Villalvazo-Ceballos Paloma , Ortega-Jiménez Eusebio , Pérez-Hernández Ponciano , Aguilar-Domínguez Mariel , Diaz-Rivera Pablo
Published: January 2025

Goat herds (Capra aegagrus hircus L.) are susceptible to various diseases. One of the most economically damaging in production systems is caused by gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs), which can alter the health, production, and welfare of the animals. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity and burden of gastrointestinal parasites in goat production systems in the central region of Veracruz, Mexico. The municipalities included in the study are located in the mountainous zone (Coatepec and Jalacingo), the highlands (Perote), and the coastal plain (Medellín). A cross-sectional study was conducted, and sampling was carried out during the period from November 2021 to May 2022. Two surveys were applied to farmers. A descriptive analysis was carried out on the characteristics of the production units (PUs). The McMaster technique was used to determine the presence of eggs, and the coproculture, Baermann, and larval identification techniques were used to determine the diversity of GINs. The analysis of the data obtained in the laboratory and the individual survey was carried out with a fixed effects model to analyze the parasite load. The independent variables were the PU, breed, physiological state, and body condition, and the dependent variables were eggs per gram of feces (Epgf) and its natural logarithm (ln (Epgf+1)). Three types of production systems were found: housed, semi-stabled, and grazing. The genera and species identified were Haemochus contortus, Teladorsagia spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Chabertia ovina, Cooperia spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Trichuris ovis, and Strongyloides papillosus. The Toggenburg breed had the highest nematode load, and all PUs had high parasite loads with counts greater than 700 Epgf. A great diversity and high loads of GINs were found in the goat PUs of the central zone of Veracruz.
The Study Analyzed Soil Samples from the Bellary District of Karnataka, India, and Revealed Activity Concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K
Authors: Nagraj Channappa  , Jayashri Mutugar  , Mohanraj Pattar  , B R Kerur
Published: January 2025

Research has been conducted to examine the depth profile distribution of natural occurring radioactive elements, including 40K, 232Th, and 238U, in the soil of the Bellary District of Karnataka, India. Gamma-ray spectrometry techniques were employed to evaluate samples from five talukas in the Bellary districts employing 4˝x4˝ NaI (TI) Scintillation detectors. According to depth profiles and the distribution of naturally found radionuclides, the soil samples exhibit an amount of 238U at 91.81 Bq/kg, with the greatest concentration at 189.74 Bq/kg. But the concentration of 232Th also varies, ranging from 106.51 to 303.55 Bq/kg. Between 604.88 and 1080.29 Bq/kg, the range corresponds to a 40K activity concentration. In these areas, there has been no evident correlation between the quantities of 238U and 232Th in a soil surrounding the residences. 40K/232Th and 40K/238U proportion forecasts were also made using surface-level samples, which could not have included identical ratios as the ones being examined.
Evidence based Management of Pittaj Mutrakruchhra (Urinary Tract Infection) through Ayurvedic Medicine – A Single Case Report
Authors: Kamble Rohini Siddhartha , JM Shirke , Joshi Vinayak N , Rohani Sachin G
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Urinary tract or UTI infections, are extremely frequent and can have a negative impact on the individual's well-being and standard of life. The overall rate of UTI prevalence was 33.54%, with 66.78% of cases occurring in females and can be correlated to Mutrakruchhra. Aim- To study the effect of Vidariyadi Vati on the management of Pittaj Mutrakruchha. Case Report-- A 38 years old female came to OPD of Dr. D Y Patil College of Ayurved and Research Center resident of Pune, Maharashtra. She had Peet Mutrapravrutti (yellowish discolouration of urine), Sadaha Mutrapravrutti (burning sensation during micturition), Sashul mutrapravrutti (pain during/after micturition), Muhur muhur Mutrapravrutti at night (increased frequency of micturition at night). She was treated with Vidariyadi Vati 250 mg for first 5 days 4 times a day then 6th to 8th day 3 times a day and after that 9th to 12th day 2 times a day. Results after 12 days was found satisfactory. With no negative side effects, Observation and Results : Vidariyadi Vati act as Vatpittashamak and helps to distruct the samprapti of Mutrakruchha. Vidariyadi Vati was helpful to get rid of symptoms and prevents recurrence of symptoms in patient Conclusion: The treatment of Pittaj Mutrakruchhra by Ayurvedic measures has been thoroughly examined and discussed here. Her progression is also shown here, step by step. This case study will encourage further research and aid in the development of an ayurvedic treatment protocol for Pittaj Mutrakruchhra.
Cervical spondylosis: A case based exploration of Panchakarma therapeutic Potential
Authors: Kiranmai Gangarapu , Chaudhari Vaishali R , Nakade Mamata , Gupta Shweta
Published: January 2025

Background: People's modern lives are mostly dependent on and hooked to digital lifestyles due to the nature of their jobs prolong sitting works for hours in one spot can lead to cervical issues, such as cervical spondylosis. This degenerative condition is persistent age-related wear and tear on the cervical spine's disc and vertebrae is known as cervical spondylosis. In Ayurveda cervical spondylosis can be corelated to the Manyastambha which is one among the 80 types of vata vyadhi. Aim and Objective: To study the effect of Greeva basti (localised cervical oil pooling therapy) and Kukutanda pinda sweda (hens’ egg bolus fomentation) along with Internal medication in the management of Manyastambha. Materials and methods: A 29-year-old female patient came with complaints of pain and stiffness in the back of neck region and mild radiating pain to left shoulder. Patient had complaints since three years and increased since six months used many medications but didn’t get any relief. X-ray finding shows Disc space narrowing at C4-C5, C5-C6 and Straightening of cervical Lordosis due to paraspinal muscle spasm. According to Ayurveda the treatment of vata vyadhi is snehan (oleation) and swedan (Fomentation). So, the treatment like Greeva basti and Kuktanda pinda (hen’s egg bolus) sweda are advised for nine days and followed by Ayurvedic internal medicines for one month. Result: The patient was assessed with subjective and objective parameter before and after treatment. The score of pain reduced from 3 to 0, stiffness from 2 to 0, range of neck movements Flexion from 3 to 0, extension from 3 to 1, lateral flexion rt and lt from 2 to 0, rotation of neck from rt and lt 2 to 0.  Conclusion: A treatment protocol, consisting of Greeva basti (localized oil pooling therapy) and Kukutanda pinda sweda (hens’ egg bolus fomentation), and oral herbal medications, significantly improved cervical spondylosis symptoms by 90% and enhanced cervical curvature, as confirmed by radiographic evidence.
Management of Amavata through kati vasti and matra vasti with Eranda beeja ksheera paka – A single arm open-label trial
Authors: Kacha Yesha A , Wahane Ajit Kumar S
Published: January 2025

Introduction: In Amavata, the Vata Dosha is vitiated and Ama accumulates in the sandhi. When ama localises in the body's tissues or joints, it may cause the afflicted joints to experience pain, stiffness, swelling, soreness, and other symptoms. Eranda Paka, a remedy for Amavata that includes Eranda Bija as one of its constituents, has been employed. Materials and Method: Based on the inclusion criteria, a total of 50 patients visited the outpatient department of Krishna Ayurved hospital, Ahmedabad Ayurved hospital, HPC Engineering Co, Krish Engineers, for this study. Individuals with traditional manifestations of Angamarda, Aruchi, Trishna, Hrullasa, Gaurava, Jwara, Shula, Shotha, and so forth were chosen. Results: Eranda paka significantly (p=<0.0001) improved the objective parameters, after the treatment 28% patients were without Angmardana, 30% patients were without Aruchi, 52% patients Trishna condition was normal, 30% patients Hrullasa condition was normal, 20% patients were without jwara, Apaka and Gaurava condition, 24% patients were without Agnimandya and 30% patients Daurbalya condition improved. In addition, after the treatment a significant improvement also reported in ESR, eosinophil and Rh factor. Conclusion: Amavata can be correlated with modern medicine Rheumatic arthritis. Ayurveda explains it as an imbalance of Ama and vata. Eranda Paka significantly improved the both subjective and objective parameter. Along with disease symptoms, a significant improvement reported in biochemical parameter i.e., Rh factor. After the treatment a significant improvement reported Amavata condition.
Rauwolfia serpentina in P-Glycoprotein Inhibition of Cancer & Diabetes - A Computational Study
Authors: Roy Chandana , Ganguli Sayak , Ghosh Pratiti
Published: January 2025

Background: The efficient treatment of cancer and diabetes is often constrained by reduced permeation of chemotherapeutic and antidiabetic medications due to p-glycoprotein-mediated efflux, impeding their therapeutic potential and necessitating higher doses or prolonged treatments, which can lead to increased toxicity and financial burden. Ayurveda, an ancient holistic healthcare system, advocates the use of herbal remedies for various ailments. Objective: This study aims to explore the potential of Rauwolfia serpentina and other selected antidiabetic and anticancer medicinal herbs as inhibitor of p-glycoprotein. Materials and Methods: Druggability and pharmacokinetic profile of 185 herbal constituents were evaluated and their binding affinity were interpreted against 6C0V structure of p-glycoprotein utilizing molecular docking with CDOCKER program of Discovery Studio. The stability of the docked complex was validated using molecular dynamics simulation for 40 nanoseconds. ChemMine software was employed for clustering p-glycoprotein herbal inhibitors against standard drug verapamil on the basis of physicochemical properties. Results: Docking analyses revealed that deserpidine and ajmalicine from Rauwolfia serpentina exhibited strong favourable binding interactions with p-glycoprotein, along with other herbal compounds viz., hydrastine from Hydrastis canadensis, palmatine from Tinospora cordifolia and hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester from Ipomoea aquatica. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of combining Rauwolfia serpentina and other medicinal herbs with allopathic drugs to augment their bioavailability and efficacy, providing a novel avenue for advancing therapeutic strategies in oncology and diabetes management. Further experimental validation is necessary to confirm the clinical relevance of these findings.
LC-MS profiling of Kanchnar Guggulu - A polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation using two solvent systems
Authors: Kumari Varsha , Kamat Rajeshwari V
Published: January 2025

Kanchnar Guggulu is an Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation made up of 12 ingredients. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection is a powerful analytical technique for separating, identifying, and quantifying various analytes within a mixture. Objective: This study aims to characterise the phytochemical composition of Kanchnar Guggulu using two different solvent systems: (100% Water + 0.1 % Formic acid) and (100 % Acetonitrile + 0.1 % Formic acid). Materials and Methods: Samples obtained from a GMP-certified pharmacy underwent solid-liquid extraction employing two distinct solvents, followed by LC-MS analysis. Results: Analysis revealed the presence of 1976 & 859 phytochemical compounds in the (100% Water + 0.1 % Formic acid) and (100 % Acetonitrile + 0.1 % Formic acid) extracts, respectively.  Notably, 696 phytochemicals were common in both extracts, likely due to slight differences in solvent polarity. Among Total Compounds from polar solvent, 17.68% Steroids,15.24 % Terpenoids, 15.8 % Alkaloids, 9.75 % Phenolic compounds, 6.7 % Hormones, 4.8 % Flavonoids, 3.65 %  Lactones, 3.65 % Carboxyllic acid & Derivatives,3.4 % Esters & Lactones, 2.43 % Organic acid,2.43 % Nitrogen-Containing Compounds,1.82 % Carbohydrates & Sugar derivatives, 0.6 % Saponins were found. And among Total compounds from Nonpolar solvent 14.81% Alkaloids, 14.81 % Terpenoids, 11.11% Esters,12.96 % Fatty acid & derivative,7.4 % Steroidal compounds,7.4 % Hydrazones, 5.55 % Cinnamic acid derivative, 3.7 % Lactones, 3.7 % Quinones, 3.7 % Piperazine derivatives and 1.85 % Acridines were found. Conclusion: 2291 unique phytochemical constituents were identified in the two solvent extracts of the same sample, highlighting the significance of solvent selection in phytochemical profiling studies.
Anti-microbial activity of Herbal Dhoopa on clinical isolates of common nosocomial pathogens – An invitro study
Authors: Naikwadi Anusha , Panchaxarimath Archana
Published: January 2025

Traditional practices such as Dhoopana (fumigation) are utilized to disinfect and reduce microbial levels within the environment. This study aims to create herbal Dhoopa sticks and test the antimicrobial activity against bacteria, which often cause nosocomial infections. Methods: Dhoopa sticks were made by blending Guggulu, Aguru, Sarjarasa, Vacha, Shweta Sarshap, Saindhav, Nimba, and Ghee with cow dung and milk. These sticks were then air-dried for five days at 45 degrees Celsius and stored. Antimicrobial activity for Dhoopa was tested on 10 clinical isolates namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E Coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Acinetobacter spp and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The Agar Plates prepared were exposed to Dhoopana for 2 hours, then incubated at 37 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. Efficacy of Dhoopana was assessed based on viability of organisms. Results: Visible growth was absent in 6 sub cultured plates and present in 4 plates after exposure to Dhoopana Conclusion: Study suggest that Dhoopana is effective as antibacterial against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus pneumoniae and using Dhoopa sticks for fumigation can effectively prevent and control nosocomial infections caused by these pathogens.
A single-arm pilot study to analyse the hepatic safety of Samshamani Vati / Guduchi Ghana Vati (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers) for the Prevention of COVID-19
Authors: Kar Sarbeswar , BG Madhusudan , Panda Ashok Kumar
Published: January 2025

Background - The distribution of Samshamani Vati / Guduchi Ghana Vati (A preparation of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers) to a large population as a prophylaxis medicine for COVID-19 was carried out by the Ministry of AYUSH. This drive was based on the promising clinical outcome in asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 infections. A small report has recently confused the public by showing an association between Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers) use and the development of herb-induced liver injury (HILI) with autoimmune features in some patients. There is no hepatic safety literature to clear up the confusion. Therefore, in the present pilot study, an attempt was made to create a primary database on the hepatic safety of Samshamani Vati / Guduchi Ghana Vati (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers). Objectives- To create a primary database on the hepatic safety of Samshamani Vati / Guduchi Ghana Vati (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers). Materials and Methods – Samshamani Vati was administered to subjects selected from the OPD of JSS Ayurveda Medical College, Mysuru, by pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria, in the dose of four tablets in two divided doses after food with lukewarm water for one month for the assessment of hepatic safety clinically and bio-chemically. Study design – The study design was a single-arm, open-prospective, interventional study. Result- Fifty patients were approached for inclusion in the study. Thirty-one healthy persons fulfilled the criteria, and thirty subjects completed the study. The maximum number of studied participants were females between the age of 20 to 30 years. There is no significant change in liver function test (SGOT, SGPT, Alkaline Phosphatase), complete blood count (Hb% and PLT count) and Serum Creatinine before and after one-month of administration of Samshamani Vati. Conclusion- Samshamani Vati / Guduchi Ghana Vati (TC) has not induced any hepatic dysfunction in terms of clinical symptoms or abnormal liver function tests and is relatively safe.