bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of vascular plants as traditional boat raw material by Yachai tribe in Mappi Regency
Authors: LANOEROE SERLLY , KESAULIJA ELISA MARKUS , RAHAWARIN YOHANES YOSEPH
Published: July 2014

This research is executed aim to know the plant species and the way of exploiting permanent wood upon which traditional boat making by Yachai tribe in Mappi regency. The Method that used in this research is descriptive method with the structural semi interview technique and direct perception in field. Result of research indicate that the tribe Yachai exploit the plant species have permanent wood upon which traditional boat as much 26 species from 14 family. There are 8 wood species which is often used for the body of boat and also own the good quality according to Yachai tribe, that is Atam (Scihizomeria serrata Hochr), Batki (Adinandra forbesii Baker. F), Chomach (Gordoniapapuana Kobuski), Rupke (Tristania sp.), Bao (Dillenia papuana artelli), Top (Buchanania macrocarpa Laut), Mitbo (Cordia Dichtoma Forst.), and Yunun (Camnosperma brevipetiolata Volkens). While to part of oar exploit 2 wood species that is Bach (Buchanania Arborescens.Bi) and Tup (Litsea ampala Merr). Yachai Tribe recognized 3 boat model owning different size measure and function, that is Junun Ramchai, Junun Pochoi and Junun Toch.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: vascular plants, traditional boat, Yachai tribe, Mappi Regency.
Phylogenetic analyses of rhizobia isolated from Aeschynomene spp.
Authors: TRIANA EVI
Published: July 2014

The 16S rDNA sequence of eleven strains isolated from nodules of Aeschynomene spp. have been determined and analyses together with sequence of other related taxa. Four bacterial groups were identified: (i) photosynthetic Bradyrhizobial group consist of IRBG2, IRBG228 dan IRBG 230; (ii) non-photosintetik Bradyrhizobium group consist of MAFF210127, MAFF210316, MAFF210318, dan MAFF210408; (iii) Rhodopseudomonas palustris group consist of HMD88, HMD89 dan 99D and (4) an isolate, 99C, that is related to Rhodopseudomonas acidophila. In addition, DNA-DNA hybridization was performed among HMD88, HMD89 and 99D strains. The result showed that DNA homology of HMD88, HMD89 and 99D with Rps. palustris were less than 30%, DNA homology of HMD88, HMD89 and Rps. Palustris with 99D is about or less than 20%, otherwise between HMD88 and HMD89, DNA similarity was more than 70%. The result suggest that HMD88 and HMD89 are the same species, meanwhile 99D is close related or different species in Rhodopseudomonas palustris group. Key words: 16S rDNA sequence, Aeshynomene sp., photosynthetic rhizobia, DNA-DNA hybridization, Rhodopseudomonas palustris
Stimulation of fungi originated from Wamena Biological Garden on maturity of compost nutrient and the number of phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen fixing microbes
Authors: WIDAWATI SRI
Published: July 2014

The aims of the research was to know ability of fungi catalisator, i.e. Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viridae, and Chaetomium sp. to increase composting process and decrease C/N ratio content. The experiments used grass as carbon source, cow dung as nitrogen source, and A. niger, T. viridae, and Chaetomium sp. as catalisator. The result showed that the activators accelerated the compost maturity process. The compost was contained phosphate solubilizing fungi (Â± 109 cell/g), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Â± 109 cell/g), and nitrogen fixing bacteria (Â± 108 cell/g). The C/N ratio of compost was 8.90. Key words: activator fungi, compost, phosphate solubilizing microbes, nitrogen fixing, bacteria, Wamena Biological Garden.
Pigment characterization and lovastatin content of Monascus purpureus isolates
Authors: KASIM ERNAWATI , ASTUTI SRI , NURHIDAYAT NOVIK
Published: July 2014

Research on characterization of pigment and lovastatin content of M. purpureus had been done. The aim of the research was to select 19 isolates of M. purpureus which produced the highest lovastatin content, and whether there was any correlation between pigment content and the lovastatin content. The isolates were grown on slant agar of bean sprout extract agar for 14 days. The spores suspension was inoculated to sterile cooked rice IR 42, then incubated for 14 days at 27-32oC. The fermented rice called â€œangkakâ€, dried in oven at 40-45oC for two weeks. The dried â€œangkakâ€ was powdered to measure the content of the pigment and lovastatin. By using spectrophotometer the content of the yellow pigment and the red pigment at 390 nm and 500 nm wavelength respectively, could be detected. The content of lovastatin could be measured by using HPLC. The result showed that all the tested isolates could produce lovastatin compound, the yellow and the red pigment. The highest lovastatin content was 0.92% which produced by JmbA isolate. There was no correlation between the pigment and the lovastatin content. Key words: Monascus purpureus, pigment, lovastatin.
Plants species as feed sources and nesting site of cuscus (Family Phalangeridae) in Northern Biak Nature Reserve, Papua
Authors: DAHRUDDIN HADI , FARIDA WARTIKA ROSA , ROHMAN AEP SYAEPUL
Published: July 2014

Studies on nesting site and feed selection of cuscus in Northern Biak Nature Reserve, Biak Numfor level two district, Papua was conducted from August to September 2003. The result showed 57 species of plant used as cuscus feed sources and 11 species of plants as their nesting site. Parts of the plants being consumed were fruit (76,1%), leaves (13,4%), flowers (9%), and shoot (1,5%). The night watched identified two species of cuscus, namely common cuscus (Phalanger orientalis Pallas), and spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus Desmarest). Direct threat for their conservation were due to hunting pressure by outer conservation area people, specially Biak city people, as just for laugh.Key words: Cuscus, family Phalangeridae, feed sources, nesting site, Northern Biak Nature Reserve
Species composition and structure of ex-burned heath forest in Danau Sentarum National Park, West Kalimantan
Authors: ONRIZAL ONRIZAL , KUSMANA CECEP , SAHARJO BAMBANG HERO , HANDAYANI IIN PARWATI , KATO TSUYOSHI
Published: July 2014

The objective of the research was to know species composition and structure of ex-burned heath forest. Field research was carried out from 23 June to 5 July and 10 to 25 September 2004 on the foot-slope of Semujan Hill, Danau Sentarum National Park, West Kalimantan. Ten-sample units (SU) with each size 10 x 10 m are placed based on random sampling method. On each SU, trees with diameter ï‚³ 2 cm cm were identified and the diameter (DBH) and height are recorded. Fourteen tree species were found within a 0.1 ha SU, consisting of 12 genus and 8 families. Tree density is exponentially decreased from trees with small diameter to trees with big diameter.Key words: species composition, forest structure, ex-burned heath forest, Danau Sentarum National Park, West Kalimantan.
Floristic composition and vegetation structure in Rimbo Panti Natural Forest, West Sumatera
Authors: YUSUF RAZALI , PURWANINGSIH PURWANINGSIH , GUSMAN GUSMAN
Published: July 2014

Study on floristic composition and vegetation has been carried out in natural forest Rimbo Panti, it is one of the remnant natural forest area in West Sumatera. The study was used quadrad method. Three sample permanent plots of 100x100 m were arranged at some altitudes (300 m, 500 m, and 700 m). Enumeration was done to all trees with diameter at breast height down to 5 cm dbh.The result of tree sampling at the location from 1059 individu totally was recorded 199 species, belong to 113 genera and 48 families with total basal area 29.16 mÂ². Whereas the three plots were located at the same hill but if it was saw based on Jaccards index showed that the value relatively low, that is as 58.7%. From the three plots represented that at 300 m alt. which higher people pressure has been invation species of Arenga obtusifolia seriously. Some common species in the forest could be grouping of the big five, among them Paranephelium nitidum, Villebrunea rubescens, Aglaia odoratissima, Drypetes longifolia and Cyathocalyx sumatranus. The classification height of tree was showed that the plots in hilly ecosistem are a lot of trees in layer A (emergent tree) with height reached 50 m tall.Key words: composition, structure, vegetation, natural forest, Rimbo Panti.
Reproduction pattern of â€œgading starlingâ€ (Turdus sp.) at Mount Lawu, Central Java
Authors: BUDIHARJO AGUNG
Published: July 2014

The aim of the research was to know reproduction pattern of â€œgading starlingâ€ (Turdus sp.) in natural habitat, namely Mount Lawu. This research was expected to give accurate information that can be used as base of conservation effort. Research had been done alongside of Cemoro Sewu tracking line. Data was collected at 2600, 2800, 3000, 3100, and 3200 m. asl., in March, April, May, and October 2004. Nesting observation was concerning with nest place at tree, height of ground surface, apart from tracking line, nest materials, size and shape of nest. Egg observation was concerning with the amount of egg per nest, time lay eggs, and amount of infant. Environmental data was concerning with air temperature and humidity. The result indicated that nest location had similar type, i.e. located among ramification encircled by some small stick and shaded by leaves. Height of nest about 0.2-7 m above ground surface. About 90% nest was laid in radius less than 40 m of tracking line. Nest materials predominated by grasses mixtured with dry leaf and small stick. Shape of nest was bowl-like with external diameter 16-19 cm and internal diameter 8-12 cm, and deepness of nest 5-7 cm. Breeding season was around March-April. Shape of egg was oval with mean of length 2.4 cm and diameter 1.5 cm. Egg color was pale blue with small pock of pale brown. Mean of egg amount 2-3 items per nest. Mean of efficacy hatch 1-2 individual per nest, but infant which living on generally only 1 individual. During research noted that lowest temperature 80oC, highest temperature 20oC, and mean of air humidity 70-90%. This research concluded that â€œgading starlingâ€ had typical reproduction behavior, especially in selecting nest location and nest materials.Key words: â€œgading starlingâ€, Turdus sp., mount Lawu, reproduction.
Traditional spices of Dayak Kenyah society in East Kalimantan
Authors: SUSIARTI SITI , SETYOWATI FRANCISCA MURTI
Published: July 2014

The diversity of plant in Indonesia is high, including variety of spices, which have been known by Indonesian society since long time ago. Several very popular plants are clove (Syzygium aromaticum), pepper (Piper nigrum), cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii), and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans). Variety of spices has connection with cultures. In each region and society, they have a special spices in their traditional food. The research was conducted in villages in Pujungan district and other places in East Kalimantan Province and commonly Dayak Kenyah society. The methods used for this study was by interviewing of local society and direct observation in the fields where plant spices occurred. The results indicated that traditional Dayak in East Kalimantan used bekai (Albertisia papuana Becc.), payang aka (Hodgsonia macrocarpa (Bl.) Cogn.), payang kurek (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.), payang kayu (Pangium edule Reinw.), payang lengu (Ricinus communis L.), and payang salap (Sumbaviopsis albicans (Blume) J.J.Sm.) for preparing their food with certain method.Key words: traditional spices, Dayak Kenyah, East Kalimantan.
Potency of Centrocema pubescence, Calopogonium mucunoides, and Micania cordata for cleaning metal contaminants of gold mines waste
Authors: HIDAYATI NURIL , SYARIF FAUZIA , JUHAETI TITI
Published: July 2014

Based on some findings that some plants are tolerant to contaminated media, this research was conducted to study more thoroughly about characters and potencies of some of them as hyperaccumulators. Three of the most tolerant plants were studied in this research i.e Centrocema pubescence, Calopogonium mucunoides,and Micania cordata. The plants were grown in different waste media, i.e. tailing from PT. Aneka Tambang (ANTAM) and people mine waste. Both waste have different characters, physically and chemically. Waste of PT ANTAM major contaminant was cianide (Cn) whereas people mine waste major contaminant was mercury (Hg). This different characters resulted in different plant responses. The plants grown under PT ANTAM waste media gave better performance than that grown under people mine waste media. The most tolerant species was C. pubescence followed by M. cordata and C. mucunoides. Ability in metal accumulation of C. mucunoides was the highest, followed by M. cordata and C. pubescence.The results raised some-prospects for phytoremediation technology for rehabilitating contaminated mined lands. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Centrocema pubescence, Calopogonium mucunoides, Micania cordata, hyperaccumulators, phytoremediation
Studies on phytosterol content of Parkia roxburgii G. Don
Authors: TISNADJAJA DJADJAT , HIDAYAT SUCI LESTARI , SUMIRJA SUKMA , SIMANJUNTAK PARTOMUAN
Published: July 2014

Kedawung (Parkia roxburgii G. Don.) is one of plants that originally could be found in almost all parts of Java Island. Due to lack of attention, at present situation this plant could be categorized as an endangered species. This plant species distributed widely in Africa. In several African countries, this plant has an important position either as food resource or alternative medicine. In Indonesia, traditionally kedawung tree often use as medicine, especially as part of â€œjamu gendongâ€ formulation. This work was focused on the study of phytosterol content and it distribution. The research result show that almost all parts of kedawung tree have a significant content of phytosterol, which is dominated by beta-sitosterol. The highest beta-sitosterol content was founded in the stem of leaf (35.24% (w/w) and pod (29.67% (w/w). Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: endangered plant species, phytosterol, beta-sitosterol, traditional medicine.
The species and cultivars of mango in Madiun and its surroundings; the development and its problems
Authors: SUMIASRI NURUL , RIJADI JITNO , PRIADI DODY
Published: July 2014

The East Java province is one of distribution areas of mango in Indonesia. These plants can be found almost in all areas in that province. The central distribution in some regency namely Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Banyuwangi, Kediri and Tulungagung. The aim of this research was to know species diversities among diversity within species (cultivar) which was planted recently since the genetic erosion was going fast. Therefore several areas in Madiun and its surroundings (Ngawi, Nganjuk, Kediri, and Tulungagung) were selected for this study. The results as follows: there were two species mango planted in those areas namely Mangifera indica L. (14 cultivars) and Mangifera odorata Griff. (2 cultivars). According to the taste, can be classified into good (for example â€˜arumanisâ€™, â€˜santogâ€™,â€™maduâ€™, â€˜manalagiâ€™, â€˜golekâ€™) and not too good taste (for example â€˜kopyorâ€™, â€˜kelemâ€™, â€˜dodoniloâ€™, â€˜cempuroâ€™). According to the diversity status,the following cultivars could be classified as endangered (i.e. pakel, madu, kopyor, santog gunung, dodonilo, cempuro and pelem lanang). Aside of those cultivars, however, we might find some cultivars which are commonly abundance (i.e. gadung, podang, podang gunung and podang sawahan). Besides that developing, marketing and processing still need to be developed to increase its added value, because in practice the marketing and processing still traditionally system. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: variation, species, cultivars, mango, Madiun
Morphological Study for Identification Improvement of Tambra Fish (Tor spp.: Cyprinidae) from Indonesia
Authors: HARYONO HARYONO , TJAKRAWIDJAJA AGUS HADIAT
Published: July 2014

The identification improvement among species of Tor was conducted based on fish specimens in Museum Zoology Bogor. Each species represented 8 specimens and measured 22 characters (in mm) used digital caliper. The Canonical variate analysis (discriminant function analysis) was used. The results showed these four species different in morphology, and Tor soro 100% grouping from its congeners. Five characters were selected to separate species. Commonly, population of tambra fish in the world was critical therefore needed conservation.

Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta

Keywords: fish, Tor, morphology, character, species, conservation
Effect of three different nitrogen fertilizers on several vegetable crops
Authors: ADIL WIDIATI HADI , SUNARLIM NOVIANTI , ROOSTIKA IKA
Published: July 2014

Applications of three different sources of N fertilizers (urea, compost from slaughter house and chicken manure compost) on vegetable crops (tomato, okra and spinach) were conducted in the green house of Research Institute for Food Crop Biotechnology, Bogor from August of 1999 to April of 2000. Treatments consisted of: (i) without fertilizer, (ii) 5 g N/pot of urea, (iii) 10 g N/pot of slaughter house compost, (iv) 10 g N/pot of chicken manure compost, (v) 5 g N/pot of urea + 10 g N/pot of slaughter house compost, and (vi) 5 g N/pot of urea + 10 g N/pot of chicken manure compost. Completely Randomized Design with 3 replicates was used in the experiments. In the first experiment, tomatoes were planted in the first season, following by okra in the second season. In the second experiment, spinach was planted for 6 times. Urea and compost were applied only once at the beginning of the experiment. Results of the experiments showed that for the first experiment, the highest N-uptake for tomatoes and okra was obtained from the treatment 5 g N/pot of urea + 10 g N/pot of chicken manure compost, although the highest fresh weight of tomatoes and okra fruits were not from this treatment. The treatment of 10 g N/pot of either slaughter house or chicken manure composts gave the highest fresh fruits weight. In the second experiment, the highest dry weight and N-uptake of spinach were obtained from the treatment of 5 g N/pot of urea + 10 g N/pot of chicken manure compost. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: urea, compost, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench), spinach (Amaranthus tricolor)
Spore germination and life cycle of paku kidang (Dicksonia blumei Moore) on the various growing media
Authors: HARTINI SRI
Published: July 2014

Dicksonia blumei Moore belongs to Dicksoniaceae (fern family). This plant has been used as ornamental plant, handy craft, traditional medicine particularly for styptic and growing medium for orchids and aroids. To obtain the material, people tended to exploit it in its natural habitat and neglected its sustainable. On the other hand current knowledge of its cultivation as well as conservation is very limited. As a result, this species become rare in the wild and its population decreased gradually. An experiment in spore germination of this species had been carried out at the Bogor Botanic Gardens nursery using five growing media viz. chopping root of tree fern (Cyathea contaminans), Calliandra macrophylla compost, chopping root of birdâ€™s nest fern (Asplenium nidus), bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus) leaf compost and sandy mud. Parameters used were the best medium for spore germination and sporelings growth, life cycle of spore until young sporophyte were obtained. The result showed that the best medium for spore germination of D. blumei was chopping of tree fern root and bamboo leaf compost was worse. The life cycle consists of cell differentiated, young prothallus, mature prothallus, and young sporophyte phases, which took 10-36 weeks. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: germination, media, spore, Dicksonia blumei Moore, Bogor Botanic Gardens.
R E V I E W: Species Diversity of Local Fruit Trees in Kalimantan: Problems of Conservation and Its Development
Authors: SIREGAR MUSTAID
Published: July 2014

The decrease in population of local fruit trees due to the forest destruction in some places in Kalimantan is a worrying trend.The genetic diversity of fruits in Kalimantan has been saved partly through indigenous agroforestry, as species cultivated from generation to generation by indigenous people have created miniature forests in the village agroecosystem. However, there is no doubt that the existence of local fruit trees has been threatened by the introduction of a superior fruit cultivars and other commercial plant species such as coconuts (Cocos nucifera), oil palm (Elaeis guinensis) and rubber trees (Hevea braziliensis). An ex-situ conservation program is proposed for the maintenance of diversity amongst local fruit species.

Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta

Key words: Local fruit trees, indigenous agroforestry, conservation, Kalimantan.
Selection of potential microorganism for sago starch fermentation
Authors: MELLIAWATI RUTH , ROHMATUSSOLIHAT ROHMATUSSOLIHAT , OCTAVINA FERRA
Published: July 2014

Fermentation process of sago starch for the production of bioproduct requires potential microorganism that have ability to hydrolyze sago starch. The purpose of this research was to get the potential of amylolytic microorganisms for their capability of amyloglucosidase activity and to know the sugar strains of the fermentation result. Eleven amylolytic microorganisms (9 strains of mold and 2 strains of yeast) were obtained from the collection Research Centre for Biotechnology â€“ Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong-Bogor were used. The selection step was carried out based on their capability of starch hydrolysis to reducing sugar. The best result indicates that the production of reducing sugar reached the highest 18.485 ppm and amyloglucosidase activities was 3.583 units by KTU-1 strain. The highest total acid obtained was 5.85 mg/mL by Rhizopus IFO.R5442. The cell biomass was obtained between 0.5 to 1.74 g dry weight/100 mL and pH of the final fermentation (72 h) were 3.57 to 8.38.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: sago starch, fermentation, potential microorganism, bioproduct.
Viability of encapsulated Lactobacillus sp. Mar 8
Authors: TRIANA EVI , YULIANTO EKO , NURHIDAYAT NOVIK
Published: July 2014

Lactobacillus sp. Mar 8 had advantages as probiotic digestive system cholesterol lowering Lactobacillus. Applying in industry, particular processing technique is necessary for gaining product that ready for marketing and consuming. Spray drying is common technique using in various food processing. High processing temperature, 100-200oC, for 3-10 second become the barrier because cells were under extreme temperature stress. Therefore, encapsulate was needed to protect the cells from those extreme conditions. Viability and survival rate of encapsulated Lactobacillus sp. Mar 8 have been investigated. The result showed that Lactobacillus sp. Mar 8 that was encapsulated by 10% skim milk has higher viability than those by 5% skim milk, namely 72.37% and 51.69% respectively. Survival rate of encapsulated Lactobacillus cells will come to zero in 41.28 years. Therefore, encapsulated Lactobacillus sp. Mar 8 may use as probiotic agent. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Lactobacillus sp. Mar 8, viability, spray drying, encapsulation, survival rate.
The effect of consuming the hypercholesterolemia rationed food to the body weight of white rats wistar with administration of lactic acid bacteria
Authors: HARDININGSIH RIANI , NURHIDAYAT NOVIK
Published: July 2014

The consumption of food could influence the body weight of organisms. â€œHypercholesterolemia rationed foodâ€ is the food that increase the cholesterol on blood of rats. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of hypercholesterolemia rationed food to the body weight of white rats wistar with administration of Lactobacillus. In vivo research was done by using thirty rats that devided into three groups. Group I as Negative Control; Group II as Positive Control and Group III as The Treatment. The rat on Group I was given standart rationed food with physiological solution; Group II was given hypercholesterolemia rationed food and Group III was given Hypercholesterolemia rationed food with administration of Lactobacillus. The rationed food was given 20 g/rat/day. The weight of rats were balanced twice a week. The result of this research showed that the hypercholesterolemia rationed food could increase the body weight of rats; and administration of Lactobacillus could not decrease the body weight of rat with hypercholesterolemia rationed food. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: hypercholesterolemia rationed food, the body weight, lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus
The effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 1A-2 and 1BL-2 inoculant on the quality of napier grass silage
Authors: RATNAKOMALA SHANTI , RIDWAN RONI , KARTINA GINA , WIDYASTUTI YANTYATI
Published: July 2014

Ensiling is one solution to handle lack of forage at dry and wet season in tropical area. Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) is a popular crop conserved as silage, regarded with a relatively high dry matter (DM) content and adequate water soluble carbohydrates for fermentation to lactic acid. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding lactic acid bacteria inoculants to Napier grass at ensiling on the quality of silage. Two strain lactic acid bacteria inoculants Lactobacillus plantarum 1A-2 and 1BL-2 were added to the grass at different variation of inoculants , single or mix strain (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1%) with 3% of rice brand as additive, and incubated for 30 days. The 1A-2 inoculants treatment lowered the pH between 3.67 to 4.18 and increased the lactate level of the grass silage 0.3 to 0.34 mg mL-1 compared with the control and other treatments. The parameters for destruction is under 5% and DM loss was considerably lower in single inoculants 1BL-2 (0.01-3.97%) and 1A-2 (0.31-5.18%). Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: silage, fermentation, potential microorganism, lactic acid bacteria
Endemic species of Impatiens spp. (Balsaminaceae) in Sumatra and its possibility as an ornamental plants
Authors: UTAMI NANDA
Published: July 2014

Inventory study of Impatiens has been done in Sumatra. Twenty five species of Impatiens were colleted from several research sites. Based on the morphological flower and their color, 9 species among them, such as I. tujuhensis Utami & T. Shimizu, I. elephanticeps Grey-Wilson, I. sorikensis N. Utami, I. pilosivitata Grey-Wilson, I. steenisii Grey-Wilson, I. sidikalangensis Grey-Wilson, I. pseudoperezii Grey-Wilson, I. rubriflora Grey-Wilson, and I. batanggadisensis N. Utami have potential as ornamental plants. I. tujuhensis Utami et T. Shimizu is closely related to I. elephanticeps Grey-Wilson. The two taxa are characterized by lower sepal like an elephantâ€™s trunk, but I. tujuhensis differs from I. elephanticeps in having leaf lamina pubescent above with crenulated margins, petioles with several stipulated glands, the smaller tepals densely pubescent outside, but with lateral united petals which are bent backward along the midrib, the upper portions of the lateral united petals with a brown-purple patch and the dorsal petal with dense brown-purple reticulation inside. I. sorikensis N. Utami finds its closest ally in I. pilosivitata Grey-Wilson. They differ in a number of important aspects: the shape of the lateral petals, the color of the flowers, and the shape of the leaves. I. steenisii Grey-Wilson has a broader navicular lower sepal with a short incurved spur; flowers when viewed from the front have a curious bilateral asymmetry caused by a twist in the lateral united petals. I. sidikalangensis Grey-Wilson is characterized by rather flat or shallowly cupped, white or pale pink flowers, the dorsal petal and the base of the two lateral petals stained with reddish or lilac-purple. I. pseudoperezii Grey-Wilson has large pink or purple, with long curved spurs. I. rubriflora Grey-Wilson is the only species with red flowers, with its stout inflorescence and narrow bucciniform lower sepal. I. batanggadisensis N. Utami is characterized by yellow flowers with red markings on the bases of the two lateral petals, emarginated lower petals, and glabrous leaves. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Impatiens, Balsaminaceae, wild plant, endemic, ornamental plants
Diversity and ecology of Varanus indicus in Pepaya Island at Teluk Cenderawasih National Park, West Irian Jaya
Authors: IYAI DENY ANJELIUS , PATTISELANNO FREDDY
Published: July 2014

Monitor lizard (Varanidae) has dispersed widely in Indonesia, even in Papua. Papua contents of six species. Itâ€™s distribution, abundance, both in land and island have been known yet, even carrying capacity of feeding relative limited. However, species extinction rates in nature were increasing both in it. This research was done in Papaya Island in Teluk Cenderawasih National Park, Nabire, Papua since 24th -25th October 2005. Descriptive method was done to answer this study. This research resulted that in Papaya island contents only one species that is Varanus indicus. The V. indicus chosen same habitat in southern part of Papaya island. This species dispersed on 0-4 m above sea level, humidity about 78.6%, and temperature about 23.90C. Vegetation was dominated by coconut (Cocos nucifera), bitangur (Calophyllum inophyllum) and tikar (Pandanus sp.), papaya (Carica papaya, and ketapang (Terminalia catappa). V. indicus chosen Megapodius reinwadt nest as nesting area. Population of V. indicus was estimated as much 36.3 â‰ˆ 36 pieces by King Method. The nest of V. indicus placed in Cassuarina sp. tree where cutting down. The diet of V. indicus was found such as megapods, sea birds, lizard (sauria), butterflies and bats (Macrochyroptera). People were caused threatened both direct and indirect toward the V. indicus existence. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: diversities, ecology, Varanus indicus, Papaya island, Nabire, Papua.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and Î±-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase polymorphysm enzyme of Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fab.) which is hydrogen sulfide resistant
Authors: ASTIRIN OKID PARAMA , SUMITRO SUTIMAN BAMBANG
Published: July 2014

The hydrogen sulfide is one of compound which very often found in the shrimp pond caused by anaerobic decomposition or as a natural condition of the sea water which have volcano activity. This research was obtaining information of the differences of genetic expression between black tiger shrimp which could resist to H2S and the one which could not survive in this H2S. This research also trying to obtain information the genetic variety which could resist to H2S. The genetic variety of black tiger shrimp which could resist to H2S has been analysis with allozyme electrophoresis technique, using specific tissue meat and buffer CAPM (Citric Acid Aminopolimorpholine) pH 6.From the three enzymes analyzed it could be detected that IDH enzyme (Isocitrate dehydrogenase) has locus polymorphic, whereas enzyme Î±-GDP (Î±-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) with monomorphic locus. The average heterozygosity for the group which could resist to H2S is 0.070, whereas the group which could not survive in the H2S is 0.042. The control group has heterozygosity 0.041. The group which could resist to H2S with higher heterozygosity will have bigger chance to survive and have better adaptation ability in environmental changes. A high heterozygosity made possible for genetic population improvement by exploiting the good gene.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Penaeus monodon Fab., H2S, isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, Î±-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, allozyme
Study on endophytic bacteria for bioactive compound production use as plant protection agent
Authors: MELLIAWATI RUTH , WIDYANINGRUM DIAN NOVERITA , DJOHAN APRIDAH CAMELIA , SUKIMAN HARMASTINI
Published: July 2014

Endophytic microbes are microbes which live symbiotically inside the plant tissue. The potential of those microbes were studied for many purposes such as industrial and agriculture. The purpose of this research was to study the potential of endophytic microbes for bioactive compound production as plants protection agent. From 238 bacteria isolates tested, it were identified that 44 bacteria were against the Xanthomonas campestris, 49 isolates against Pseudomonas solanacearum, 28 isolates against Colletotricum gloeosporioides, 18 isolatesagainst Fusarium oxysporum, 19 isolates against Xanthomonas campestris and Pseudomonas solanacearum, 6 isolates against X. campestris and C. gloeosporioides, four isolates against X. campestris and F. oxysporum, two isolates against P. solanacearum and F. oxysporum, seven isolates against C. gloeosporioides and F. oxysporum, five isolates againt X. campestris, P. solanacearum and C. gloeosporioides. Fermentation process was conducted to collect the bioactive compound against pathogen. Isolates HL.50B.106 couldproduce bioactive compound against C. gloeosporioides, and F. oxysporum, isolates HL.13B.21 against X. campestris and P.solanacearum, isolates Hl.12B.19 against X. campestris, P. solanacearum and C. gloeosporioides. Thin layer chromatography analysis showed specific spot, different from standard (media). Spot was purple in color after sprayed with CeSO4. Rf value of HL.50B.106 extract were 0.51 and 0.53 (fraction 1 and 2), 0.62 and 0.64 (fraction 3 and 4).Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: endophytic bacteria, pathogen microbial against, TLC
Seed germination and seedling growth of ramin (Gonystylus bancanus Miq.) on various growing media
Authors: UTAMI NING WIKAN , WITJAKSONO WITJAKSONO , HOESEN DJADJA SITI HAZAR
Published: July 2014

A study on seed germination and seedling growth of ramin (Gonystylus bancanus Miq.) was conducted at a green house, Treub Laboratory, Botany Department, Research Center for Biology- LIPI, Bogor. This study was to know the effect of growth media on the germination and growth of ramin. A Completely Randomized Designed with 13 treatments and 4 replications was used in this study. Thirteen compositions of growth media used were soil, compost, cocopeat, mixture of soil and compost (1:1; 1:3), soil, compost and cocopeat (1:1:1); soil, compost, cocopeat and goat manure (1:1:1:1); soil and cocopeat (1:1; 1:2; 1:3); compost and cocopeat (1:1; 1:2; 1:3); compost and husk of rice. The result showed that the highest germination percentage was 95% obtained on the cocopeat media, while on control (soil) was 55%. The highest germination value was 6.67 obtained from the mixture media of soil+compost = 1:3 and the lowest was 1.87 from the control. There was variation of leaf shape observed until 60 days after planting. Some compositions of suggested media for seed germination andseedling growth of ramin were cocopeat, mixture of compost+cocopeat (1:1; 1:2 and 1:3), compost and the mixture of soi+compost (1:2 and 1:3) respectively. Generally, germination and growth of ramin seem not to be restricted on growth media with special pH.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: germination, growth, ramin, Gonystylus bancanus Miq.
Effect of medium composition and explant size on embryogenic calli formation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) local genotypes
Authors: PRIADI DODY , SUDARMONOWATI ENNY
Published: July 2014

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important tropical crop species used for human consumption, feed and raw material for various industries. Genetic transformation through embryogenic tissues is known as an effective method for cassava genetic improvements. Objective of this study was to obtain a suitable medium and length of explants to induce embryogenic callus on friable embryogenic callus (FEC) as a target for genetic transformation. Immature leaf lobes (1-3 mm, 3-5 mm and larger than 5 mm in length) of local genotypes of cassava (Adira 4. Menti, Iding, Gebang, Rawi and Timtim-29) cultured in vitro were used as explants. The explants were incubated for 2 and 4 weeks on MS (Murashige-Skoog) or GD (Greshooff & Doy) semi solid medium containing 10 mg/L picloram, 6 mg/L NAA supplemented with 4% sucrose and 4 Î¼M CuSO4. Results showed that the highest percentage (100%) of embryogenic calli formation for 4 weeks obtained by culturing Iding of 3-5 mm length on GD semi solid medium, whereas the lowest (33%) one obtained by incubation 5 mmleaf lobe of Timtim-29 on the same medium. The most suitable medium for callus induction was GD, whereas the optimum length of explants was 5 mm or larger. Further study needs to be done to obtain friable embryogenic calli (FEC) by employing different concentration of picloram and varying other critical factors.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, cassava, medium, embryogenic, callus
R E V I E W: In Vitro Selection and Somaclonal Variation for Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Authors: LESTARI ENDANG GATI
Published: July 2014

As an alternative technology, plant improvement through somaclonal variation is expected to support conventional breeding. New superior variants with a better performance and more attractive texture could be obtained through this method. To enhance genetic variation, both physical and chemical treatments such as gamma ray (Co60) and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) compound could be applied. In particular for vegetative propagated plants, in vitro induced mutation is the most effective method to improve variation. For obtaining the

desired characteristic of plant, in vitro selection is the best method due to its capability to manipulate the variation to the expected result. Therefore, by applying the selection agent to the media, plant tolerance to both abiotic and biotic could be acquired. Generally, the tolerance at the callus level at the specific selection agent is positively correlated with the tolerance at the plant level. At this point, PEG (polyethylene glycol) and manitol is chemical compound useful for drought tolerance, fusaric or filtrate is for fusarium wilt, A1Cl3.6H2O is for Al tolerance.

Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta

Key words: somaclonal variation, in vitro selection, induced mutation.
Soil mycoflora of banana and cassava in peatland and alluvial soil in Bengkulu
Authors: SUCIATMIH SUCIATMIH
Published: July 2014

In order to discover the diversity and population of soil fungi, a study was carried out at banana (Musa paradisiaca) and cassava (Manihot utilissima) plants where both those plants planted in peatland and alluvial soil. Soil fungi were isolated using serial dilution plate method and they were incubated at both room temperature (27-28oC) and 45oC. This process was replicated two times for each sample. The result indicated that from 4 soil samples, 24 genera of fungi representing 4 Ascomycotina, 15 Deuteromycotina, and 5 Zygomycotina weredetected. The highest soil fungi population was found in cassava planted in peat land and incubated at room temperature (8.5 105 cfu/ g dry soil), while the lower soil fungi population came from banana plant that was planted in peat land and incubated at 45oC (7.1 103 cfu/g dry soil).ô€‚” 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: banana, cassava, peatland, alluvial soil, soil fungi.
Floral Diversity Of Mangrove Forest In The Kaliuntu Bay- Rembang Based On Palynological Evidences
Authors: SUEDY SRI WIDODO AGUNG , SOEPROBOWATI TRI RETNANINGSIH , RAHARDJO A. TJIPTO , MARYUNANI KHOIRIL ANWAR , SETIJADI RACHMAD
Published: July 2014

Palynological evidences (polen and spores) have been used to study mangrove diversity of coastal zone sites at Kaliuntu bay (Rembang), province of Central Java. Data was collected in April 2nd to April 17th 2005, following transect method. In this research for sediments sampling used surface-subsurface sampling method (depth in 10cm). The result showed that mangrove forest in the coastal zone of Kaliuntu bay (Rembang) was dominated by Rhizophoarceae polen type (included Rhizophora genera)Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: palynological evidences; diversity; polen type
The effect of some organic compounds and NAA application on the in vitro growth of the black orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.)
Authors: UNTARI RINI , PUSPITANINGTYAS DWI MURTI
Published: July 2014

Coelogyne pandurata Lindl. is a lowland epiphytic orchid that has pale green flowers with typically black markings on the lips. This species conventionally propagated asexually by rhizome. This orchid is now facing a great conservation problem and threatened to extinction due to human exploitation. That is why conservation activities such as developing proper cultivation, are urgently required. An in vitro experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture at Bogor Botanic Garden. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design with two factors and ten replications. The treatments were the supplementation of the basal media i.e. Vacin and Went added with sugar, activated charcoal and agar, with 30 different combinations of organic compounds i.e., coconut water 250 mL/L, banana 150 g/L, potato 200 g/L, sweet potato 150 g/L, soybean 150 g/L and no organic compound as a control, and application of NAA (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm). The result showed that there was a significant effect of the organic compounds and NAA application on the length and the number of roots, height, number of leaves and number of shoots produced by the explants. The combination of sweet potato 150 g/L without NAA application showed the best result.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Coelogyne pandurata, organic compound, NAA, in vitro.
Fishesâ€™ composition and captured yield in Sentani Lake Papua
Authors: UMAR CHAIRULWAN , MAKMUR SAFRAN
Published: July 2014

Sentani lake is known as lake in Papua where biodiversity of fish is high and captured fisheries activities is dominantly found. The aim of this research was to know the fishesâ€™ composition and captured yield in Sentani lake. This research was done in 2005 by using stratified sampling method which covered 7 (seven) research stations. Data of fishesâ€™ composition and captured yield were obtain from fishersâ€™ captured and from experimental captured. The captured fish and relative abundance are 16 species. Captured yield in period of Mei â€“ December 2005 was fluctuative (130.860 â€“ 182.144 kg). The average was 151.960 kg. Total production a year was around 1.823, 52 ton/year in which fishersâ€™ captured yield was around 4.2 â€“ 5.6 kg/day with the average 4.7 kg/day.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: fishesâ€™composition, captured yield, Sentani Lake.
Prey diversity for Three Species Herons in Pulau Dua Nature Reserve Serang Distrik, Banten Province
Authors: ELFIDASARI DEWI
Published: July 2014

The diversity of prey consumed by three species herons (Casmerodius albus, Egretta garzetta and Bubulcus ibis) was studied in Pulau Dua Nature Reserve Serang, Banten Province using video tapes by following a focal individual for five minutes. In the laboratory the film was analysed every minutes to select complete sequences of feeding behavior in foraging site. There were differences on diversity and size of prey that consumed by three species herons among the different feeding locations. Casmerodius albus which was feeding on mudflat and fisheries consumed Chanos chanos (15.6%), Oreochromis sp (9.4%) and Periophtalmus sp. (7.3%), and 36.5% couldnâ€™t be identified. Egretta garzetta was feeding on mudflat, fisheries and rice-field, consumed Periophtalmus sp (15.4%), Mugil dussumeieri (7.9%), Chanos chanos (4.7%), Oreochromis sp (0.5%), including small frog and crustacean (0.5%). Bubulcus ibis was feeding on rice-field and grassland, consumed many variety of insects (92 %) and many variety of snail (1.9%) in their diet. The insects that B. ibis consumed including grasshopper (26.8%), caterpillar (0.9%) and other invertebrates (worm, crustacean) that could not be identified (64.3%).Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Prey, diversity, herons, Pulau Dua.
Review : Animal Models Of Diabetes Mellitus : Pathology And Mechanism Of Some Diabetogenics
Authors: NUGROHO AGUNG ENDRO
Published: July 2014

Animal models of diabetes mellitus were made and used in laboratorium according to the pathology of diabetic patient and its complications. Animal models of diabetes mellitus were designed by two methods: induced method such as pancreatectomy, chemicals (diabetogenic), viruses, and spontaneous method such BB (bio breeding) rats and NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice. The techniques of animal models of diabetes mellitus frequently used in the research were usage of diabetogenic such as alloxan and streptozotocin. Alloxan and its reduction metabolite (dialuric acid) establish a redox cycle and form superoxide radicals, and they undergo dismutation to hydrogen peroxide. By Fenton reaction, the formation of reactive hydroxyl radicals was stimulated. These radicals with high concentration of cytosolic calcium cause rapid destruction of Î² cells. Besides, streptozotocin enters the Î² cell through a glucose transporter (GLUT2), and stimulates superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals which in turn causes rapid destruction of Î² cells. Streptozotocin also releases toxic amounts of nitric oxide that inhibits aconitase activity and contributes in DNA damage.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: animal models, diabetes mellitus, alloxan, streptozotocin.
Response of Coprophagus Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on changes of vegetation structure in various habitat types at Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi
Authors: SHAHABUDDIN SHAHABUDDIN , MANUWOTO SJAFRIDA , HIDAYAT PURNAMA , SCHULZE CHRISTIAN H. , NOERDJITO WORO A.
Published: July 2014

This study analysed the response of dung beetles âˆ’ a group of beetles which play a major role in decomposition of dung and animal carcasses âˆ’ to changes of vegetation structure due to forest conversion to different human-made habitat types at the margin of Lore Lindu National Park. Therefore, dung beetles were sampled at natural forest, cacao agroforestry systems and open area. A total of 28 species of coprophagus beetle species were recorded from the sampled sites. Species richness and abundance of dung beetles, particularly of large species, decreased from forest towards agroforestry systems and open areas. However, more than 80 % of the species recorded in natural forest were found in cacao agroforestry systems Of the measured habitat parameters, particularly the number of tree species, air temperature, and canopy cover had a significant power for explaining changes in dung beetle ensembles along the gradient of land-use intensity.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Coprophagus beetles, forest conversion, vegetation structure, cacao agroforestry
Antibacterial activity assay from Porphyridium cruentum microalgae
Authors: KUSMIYATI KUSMIYATI , AGUSTINI NI WAYAN SRI
Published: July 2014

The objective of this research was to know the antibacterial activity from the Porphyridium cruentum. P. cruentum is the Rhodophyceae algae. The extraction of microalgae biomass used dichloromethane solution and resulted three types extracts. Antibacterial activity of the extracts using the clear zone method to Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Identification of antibacterial substance of the extracts were using Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrophotometer (GCMS). The results showed that C type extract have antibacterial activity to all of indicator bacteria, neither do A type extract. Whereas the B type extract inhibited to B. subtilis and S. aureus growth. Analysis of the antibacterial compound by GC-MS was fatty acid. The major component of antibacterial from the P. cruentum was metil hexadecanoate acid (palmitic acid), the percent area was 41,15 % of B type extract and 60,36 % of C type extract.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words : Porphyridium cruentum, dichlorometane extract, antibacterial activity, GCMS