bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRIMARY LUNG CANCER TREATED BY RESECTIONAL SURGERY, REPORT OF 2 CASES
Authors: Lee Chan Sae
Published: May 2022

1. The author presented two cases of primary lung cancer successfully treated by resectional surgery. 2. The 1st case was 42 years old house wife, diagnosed as round cell carcinoma histological. The onset of the symptoms was about one and half years ago. Right side upper lobectomy and partial resection of middle lobe was done and the patient is living well for 7 years after the surgery to day.(1964) 3. The second case was 56 years old male (carpenter as occupation), histological proved as squamous cell carcinoma. The onset was about two years ago. Treated by a resection of the middle lobe and survived for one year. 4. The author believes that a lasing cure may be expected in the 1st case and that it was very worthy while even in the second case as a palliative treatment. 5. Although the majority of the patients are still very afraid of the lung surgery in this country, these patients accepted it rather easily because of the diagnosis of the cancer, hopeless sentence otherwise, and the severe physical symptoms such as bloody sputum. chest pain and cough. 6. It is thought to be fhe first case report of successful treatment for primary lung cancer by pulmonary resection in this century in 1957. 7. Besides above tho cases the author has experienced three more operative cases of primary lung cancer, two cases were squamous cell type and inoperable, remaining one case was undifferentiated cell type and died few days after the pneumonectomy. If add up five more clinically diagnosed cases to above, it will make ten cases of primary lung cancer during last three years in the medical department of Pusan University Hospital and it means is not a rare disease even in this country in 1957.
CLINICAL STUDY ON 4-4'-DIETHOXYTHIOCARBANILIDE IN ADVANCED RESISTANT PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Kang SucK Young , Song Sun Bo , Cho Jang Won , Lee Hong Woo , Kim Kee Soo
Published: May 2022

For this clinal observation we, clincians, have selected the sampling 21 persons of far advanced resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients. who were divided into two groups, group A and B. At first, to group A we administered DETC and INH on everyday basis, combining with another two primary drugs(INH PAS or SM) in the way triple therapy. But to group B we also administered DETC and INH on everyday basis in the way double therapy. In such a way we continued to treat the patients through six months. During this clinical observation period or shortly after the completion of this treatment, we examined and observed the general conditions of these patients(body weight, body temperature, sputum amount and ESR). the chest X-ray finding, the concentration sputum or its culturesmera of finding, the transformation or conversion of resistance to primary drugs and the were obtained on DETC The results were obtained (1) In both groups all the clinical symptoms of patients has been improved especially the daily output of sputum has been reduced remarkably in more than a half of patients in both groups. The ESR is lessened in two-thirds, especially in most of group A. (2) The chest X-ray finding is shown to have taken a slight turn respectively almost in a half of group A and one-third of group B. (3) In the culture situation of M.tbc in sputum in a concentration method, 10 cases showed negative conversion and 12 cases showed reduction, total 22 cases this figure is equal to 71.0 percent have been improved. (4) The culture result is found that M.tbc stopped its growth in 5 cases(19.2%) of 25 cases without any contamination in Ogawa's solid media and Youmans liquid media. (5) In the transforming of sensitivity of AFB fro primary drugs in patients sputum, its resistance converted into sensitivity is shown respectively in 2 cases in INH and PAS, and Its sensitivity converted into resistance is in none. Its resistance in negative conversion is shown in 1 cases in INH, 2 in PAS and 2 in SM. The weakened resistance is shown in 5 cases in INH, none in PAS and 2 in SM. And its none-reaction is shown in 10 in INH, 14 in PAS, 13 in SM. So the latter case takes a largest shore of them. (6) The sensitivity of M.tbc. for DETC in sputum in the larger part of group A and B after the administration over sex month-period, four-fifths maintain its sensitivity, and in the rest about one-fifth(6 cases of 20 cases) the resistance in addition 5 cases(23.1%) 1 microgram per milliliter. (7) There is little difference between group A and B in the clinical effect on DETC. (8) Theside effect on DETC is G-1 trouble 2, skin lesion 3, fever 5, flusing 1. Accordingly the discovery rate in 32.3% but the symptoms are all not serious and transitent. As result there is no need stopping the administration. The side effect is shown in 9 of 10 persons within the first month since the administration began.
HARMFUL EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL - LIGHT ON THE VIABILITY OF B.C.C. VACCINE
Authors: Chun Nam Ho , Kim Dong- Han
Published: May 2022

An experimental study of the harmful effects of diffuse daylight was already reported in an previous thesis.(1) This study was conducted to confirm the harmful effect or artificial lights to B.C.G. viability during production and handling. A comparative study on the protection of B.C.G. viable counts was conducted on brown and clear ampoules under ultra red ray, ultraviolet ray, fluorescence electric bulb ray, tangsten electric bulb ray, mercury lamp ray, candle flame, petroleum lamp flame, alcohol lamp flame, liquid petroleum gas flame and LPG. plus oxygen flames. In this experiment 31-42 million viable units of B.C.G. Vaccine 1mg per c.c.were used. The results under artificial light on Korean liquid B.C.G. Vaccine viability obtained were as follows: 1. Under 50cm distance, exposed to 100v-100w bulb of tungsten electric ray, no effect was found on viable units in 5 hours and no significant difference was observed between brown and clear ampoules. 2. Underexposure of 120v-30W bulb fluorescence electric ray, effect on the viable counts was same as tungsten bulb ray. 3. At 50 cm distance, exposed to 125V-230W bulb of ultra red ray, the viable units were reduced by 50% in 2 hours and no living bacteria were found after exposing for 3 to 4 hours. No significant difference was observed between the brown and clear ampoules. 4. Under 50 cm distance, exposed to 100V-19W bulb of ultraviolet ray, the viable units were reduced by 20% in 4 hours and no living bacteria were found after exposure for 5 hours. There was sudden reduction after 4 hours. No significant difference was confirmed between brown and clear ampoules. 5. At 50 cm distance, exposed to 115V-100W bulb of mercury lamp ray, no effect on the viable units of B.C.G. Vaccine were observed. 6. When given 6 hours exposure to the 2.0×80.cm flame size of candle flame, petroleum flame, alcohol lamp flame, liquid petroleum gas flame and LPG plus oxygen flames, at distance of 15cm no effect on the viable units were observed under all circumstances. No significant difference was observed between brown and clear ampoules.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS IN TUBERCULOSIS
Part Ⅱ. Studies on tuberculin allergy test and circulating tuberculous antibodies among Koreans.
Authors: Chun Nam Ho
Published: May 2022

In order to learn the immunological relationship between healthy adults, tuberculous patients, B.C.G. vaccinated and leprous patients, several tests were made as such; tuberculin allergy skin test(t.A.)and the Middlebrook & Dubos passive hemagglutination test(H.A.), hemagglutination modified test(H.A.M.) and hemolytic test(H.L.) using the tuberculin fraction and tubercle & B.C.G. bacillus extract or cultured media fraction as the antigens. For above serum tests 200 serum specimens of tuberculous patients were collected from the tuberculous hospital in Teagu and Mokpo, 200 serum specimens of healthy adults from the blood donors, 100 serum specimens from orphan children 3 months after B.C.G. vaccination and 100 serum specimens of Leprous patients from Teagu and Bupyong Leprosy hospital, with no evidence of active tuberculosis clinically and bacteriological. Also the serologically positive serums were purified by method of Deutchs et al and the β and γ-globulin were again investigated by the same three serum tests with the purpose of comparison with the result of crude serums. The summary of results of above tests were as follows; 1. Among the tuberculous patients the positive rate of H.A. was 98%, H.A.M. 92%, H.L. 88%. The mean value of end titers of H.A. was 1:69.9, H.A.M. 1:65.2, H.L. 1:60.6. The T.A. positive rate was 96% and mean value of end diameter was 18.5 mm. 2. Among the leprous patients positive rate of H.A. was 88%, H.A.M. 86%, H.L. 79%, The mean value of end titers of the H.A. was positive rate was 71% and mean value of end diameter was 15.4mm. 3. Among the children of 3 months after B.C.G.vaccination the positive rate of H.A. 85%, H.A.M. 72%, H.L. was 61% and mean value of end titers of the H.A. 1:59.4, H.A.M. 1:50.5., H.L. was 1:59.4. The T.A. positive rate was 92% and the mean value of end diameter was 12.8 mm. 4. Among the healthy adults positive rate of H.A. was 86%, H.A.M. 81%, H.L. 74%, mean value of end titers of H.A. was 1:60.4, H.A.M. 1:60.2, H.L. 1L56.7. The T.A. positive rate was 85% with mean value of end diameter was 9.2 mm. 5. When the β-and γ-globulin fraction of sera(purified by Deutch's) were used more than 50% of the positive sera became negative for H.A., H.A.M. and H.L. tests. 6. The results of serological reactions and the tuberculin allergy tests of the tuberculous patients, leprous patients, B.C.G. vaccinated children and healthy adults showed more or less parallel positivities.
THE ANTAGONISM BETWEEN TUBERCULOSlS AND LEPROSY
Authors: Cho Chang Won
Published: May 2022

Chaussinand explained the antagonism between tuberculosis and leprosy. Fernandez proclaimed tuberculosis and leprosy are antagonistic disease on immunological, clinical and epidemiological point of view. Sauza Campus explained B.C.G. inoculation has protective action to leprosy infection. Capuro also explained that we can prevent tuberculosis and leprosy simultaneously by ultraviolet irradiated tuberculosis vaccine. But according to my survey results, there are many difficult questions. Namely, After we examined the tuberculosis infection of leprosy patients, we found out 4.1% tuberculosis patients. We also examined the leprosy occurrence, but we could not find any of among the patients in Masan National Hospital and once admitted patients. We also examined the tuberculosis and leprosy occurrence rate of the people in the same section. In UI Zoo Kun. the rate of the people were same with that of our ordinary people. According to lepromin test conducted to the tuberculosis infants, after six weeks, 84.6% were found negative and only 15.4% were positive. And according to tuberculin test result, 77.4% were found positive and 22.6% were negative. As we see this result, we have to study more rationally about the relations of tuberculosis and leprosy.
STUDIES ON SOlL ACID-FAST BACILLl
Park Ⅱ. Virulence to Mouse of the Pigmented Strain from Soil Samples and the Virulence Fluctuation of Isolated Strain by Mouse Passage
Authors: Lee Sang Jun
Published: May 2022

Among the soil acid-fast bacilli, pigmented strains were much similar to human origin unclassified mycobacteria concerning such characteristics as growth rate, growth temperature range, growth characteristics on various kinds of media and sensitivity patterns to antituberculous agents. Out of the pigmented strains, three representative strains were selected to compare the virulence to mice with standard unclassified mycobacteria and one of the test strain was passed to mice for ten generations to observe the virulence fluctuation. 1. Three representative strains were positive to one reaction arbitrarily out of neutral red test and cord formation. 2. Test strains were belong to Group I, II and III of Runyon's schema biochemically, and exhibited same patterns of acid-fastness, growth temperature range and sensitivity to antituberculous agents as compared to standard strains. 3. Test strains were slightly weaker than standard strains in its virulence to mice by intraperitoneal inoculation. 4. Mice passage of the test strain exhibited neither enhancement of virulence nor fluctuation in biochemical characteristics.
THE EFFECT OF BCG lN INFANCY
Authors: Hatcher Luena H
Published: May 2022

In1962, 897 babies under 18 months of age were tested with old Tuberculin, TU.16 of these children had positive reactions and the remainder were vaccinated with Glaxo freeze dried BCG. In November 1965, 313 these children were followed up 309 had BCG scars. 23 children came from tuberculous families. 0.35% of the children with no known contact and 4.34% with a family contact developed tuberculosis.In the same area and in the same age group there was a reduction of new active cases of tuberculosis from 19 to 5 per year, this was attributed to the BCG vaccination.
VARIATION OF TUBERCULIN ALLERGY BY THE MULTIPLE READTNO IN TUBERCULIN REACTION
Authors: Cho Han Jae , Lee Jong Taek , Lee Young Joo , Lee Sung Kwan
Published: May 2022

Judging from the result of this study, It is apparent that the multiple reading and the determination of the time and size of the maximal intensity of the reaction give much information about the course of tuberculin reaction which can not be obtained by a sing reading at any one time during the course of the reaction. The study was investigated for BCG vaccinatee and non vaccinatee with PPD RT 23 Korean old tuberculin by the multiple reading.The result shows that the maximal intensity of the reaction was found at 72 hours after injection with PPD RT 23 for either BCG vaccinatee and non vaccinatee. while the Korean old tuberculin shows the maximal intensity of the reaction at 48 hours after injection by erythema, there is no difference between 48 and 72 hours after injection by induration. The reasonable time of reading to be suggested is 72 hours after injection with PPD RT 23.
A STUDY OF THE FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: kim J .S. , Ham H. Y.
Published: May 2022

Author studied the fibrinolytic activity of preoperative systemic venous blood and that of systemic and pulmonary venous blood during operation. and reviewed the relationship between the fibrinolytic activity and the clinical findings. in 47 cases of pulmonary resection for pulmonary tuberculosis.The results were as followings: 1. In pulmonary tuberculosis, the preoperative positive cases of fibrinolytic activity test were 32%, and it was significant compared with the other pulmonary lesions. 2. During operation, the fibrinolytic activity of systemic venous blood was moderately positive in 36% of the cases. but that of pulmonary venous blood was moderately or highly positive in all cases. 3. In systemic venous blood, nearly all of the preoperative negative fibrinolytic cases were negative during operation. but in the Pulmonary venous blood, all cases were posítíve.4. The preoperative positive fibrinolytic activity cases in systemic venous blood, were moderately accentuated in fibrinolytic activity during operation but in pulmonary venous blood, all cases were markedly accentuated. 5. It revealed that the extent of the lung parenchyma destruction was proportional to the accentution of the positive fibrinolytic activity.6. In preoperative positive fibrinolytic activity cases, the amount of post-operative abnormal bleeding was significantly increased compared with the preoperatively negative cases.7. It seemed that the preoperative administration of anti-plasmin agents (such as E-ACA) had An effect upon the reduction of the amount of postoperative e bleeding.8. The preoperative fibrinolytic activity test might be very helpful in preventing the postoperative abnormal bleeding.
A RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY ON THE RAG-PICKERS lN SEOUL
Authors: kwak Hun Joo , Cha Kyong OK , Warfvinge  , Shin Young Shik
Published: May 2022

A radiological observation was made of 466 cases of male rag-pickers, aged 15 to 58 years old, who live now in the seven camps scattered in the city. Among the 545 rag-pickers accommodated at the seven camps, 466 cases (85.9 % ) were surveyed. Of these cases 333 (71.8%) were in the 20-29 age group and 8cases(1.7%) above 45 years.The results obtained were as follows:1) The radiologicaI findings revealed that 56 cases corresponding to 12.0% of the total examines had variousforms of pulmonary tuberculosis, as classified by the extent of the disease, 60.7 % for minimal, 26.8 % moderately advanced, 12.5% Far advanced.2) The highest prevalence rate(19.3%) was seen among the dwellers in Young Dung Po camp and the lowest(3.7%) in the camp of Choong Koo.3) The Prevalence rate was less than 10 % among the youngers under 24 years of age, the rate, however, increased with the increment of age, showing 13.3% at thc age of 25, 22.7 % at 39, and 75.0 % at 45 respectively.4) The Prevalence rate also increased in proportion to the length of duration as rag- pickers.5) Of the total 56 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis there were 31 (55.4%) new cases, 83.9% of which were minimal tuberculosis, while the remaining 25(44.6%) were old cases, 24.0 % of which being Far advanced.
A STUDY ON TUBERCULOSIS MORTALITY RATE lN SEOUL, 1966
Authors: Bang Ki Moon
Published: May 2022

The survey on tuberculosis mortality rate in Seoul was carried out during one month from February to April 1967 for the purpose of get basic measure of TB Control planning in future.TB mortality statistics was not available in Korea on account of some difficulties to survey nation-widely. As the data of partial survey obtained , it was estimated below 100 per 100, 000 population. Nine trained and qualified persons visited 202 Dong office in Seoul.It was surveyed on the items of sex, occupation, month of age, leading cause of death for those who were died of tuberculosis during the period of January 1966 through the end of that year. As the result of this study, following conclusions were obtained.1. tuberculosis mortality rate were 41.3 per 100,000 population and ranked secondly among the ten Ieading cause of death. 2. By sex tuberculosis mortality rate was recognized 48.3 in male, while 34.6 in female, indicating that the rate in male was higher- than in female. The pack of tuberculosis mortality rate was observed in thc age group 55 to 59. 3. As to the seasonal significance tuberculosis mortality rate, it was observed lowerly in Iate Spring and Summer than in cool and cold Winter. 4. According to the cause of tuberculosis death. it was highest rate with 78.6% of the TB death and TB meningitis death were 13.7 % while was lowest rate in throat TB.5. Rearding occupation of the TB death, the majority were died in no occupation (87.9%) and relatively labours were high 4 % of the death. 6. In district the highest TB mortality rate were shown 55.53 in Seodaemon Gu and lowest 28.25 in Seongdong Gu. 7. The most frequent cause of ten leading death was central nervous system, and the second TB, the third accident, by next sequence, hypertension, Neoplasm, Senility, Pneumonia, Asthma, Gastro-enteritis and Hepatitis in order.
Heart rate recovery in adult individuals with asthma
Authors: Zampogna Elisabetta , Ambrosino Nicolino , Oliva Federico Mattia , Sotgiu Giovanni , Saderi Laura , Cremonese Gioele , Bellelli Giorgio , Spanevello Antonio , Angeli Fabio , Visca Dina
Published: May 2022

Slow heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise is a predictor of overall mortality in individuals with and without cardiovascular or respiratory disorders. No data on adults with asthma are available. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of slow HRR in these individuals as compared with those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We performed a retrospective analysis of baseline characteristics and physiological response to the six-minute walking distance test of stable individuals with asthma or COPD. Slow HRR was defined as HRpeak - HR at 1 minute after end exercise <12 bpm. Individuals with asthma walked significantly longer (median (IQR): 455 (385-512) vs 427 (345-485) meters; p=0.005) with a lower prevalence of slow HRR (30.3% vs 49.0%, respectively: p<0.001) than those with COPD. Individuals with asthma and slow HRR were older and walked less than those with normal HRR, without any difference in airway obstruction or in disease severity. Multivariate analysis showed that only the difference HRpeak - baseline HR (∆HR), was a predictor of slow HRR in both groups. More than 30% of adult individuals with asthma may show slow HRR. Only exercise ∆HR but no baseline characteristic seems to predict the occurrence of slow HRR.
Anxiety and depression among elderly tribal population of H.D. Kote, Mysuru, India
Authors: Sindhu K. V. , Chandrashekarappa Smitha Malenahalli , Thambad Mohankumar , Boralingiah Prakash , Gopi Arun , Murthy M. R. Narayan
Published: May 2022

Context:

Geriatric mental health is an emerging public health concern of paramount importance. There is a dearth of community studies on the mental health status of the elderly tribal population.

Objectives:

The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the elderly tribal population and assess the sociodemographic factors associated with it.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted among elderly tribes of HD Kote, Mysuru, with a sample size of 339 by multistage sampling method. A house-to-house interview was conducted using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire, and anxiety was assessed using Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and depression using Kannada Geriatric Depression Scale-15. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 (licensed to the institution). Descriptive representation was done using proportions, mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile range. Inferential statistics such as Chi-square analysis/Fisher's exact analysis were used. P <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

The overall prevalence of anxiety was 8.2% of which 4.7%, 2.9%, and 0.6% had mild, moderate, and severe anxiety, respectively. Occupation, financial dependency, and comorbid status were significantly associated with anxiety. The overall prevalence of depression was 22.4%, of which 18.9% and 3.5% had moderate and severe depression, respectively. Gender, occupation, marital status, living status, financial dependency, personal habits, comorbid status, and functional disability were significantly associated with depression.

Conclusion:

Anxiety and depression deserve the same consideration and remedy as any other illness among the elderly. A concerted effort from the public and private sectors is essential to promote mental health in this vulnerable population.
Community perceptions with regard to mental illness in urban, rural, and tribal areas in Mysuru
Authors: Hegde Saurish , Chandrashekarappa Smitha Malenahalli , Akbar Shabeena , Murthy M. R. Narayana
Published: May 2022

Background:

Mental illness is multifactorial in its occurrence varying from place to place, thereby listing different opinions among communities. Religious, cultural beliefs play an important role in the perception of mental illness. This study aims to understand the community perceptions of urban, rural, and tribal areas and associate with sociodemographic factors.

Aims:

(1) To explore the knowledge, attitude, cultural beliefs, and practices with regard to mental illness among urban, rural, and tribal population of Mysuru. (2) To compare the knowledge, attitude, cultural beliefs, and practices with regard to mental illness among urban, rural and tribal population of Mysuru.

Materials and Methods:

Study design: It was a cross-sectional study conducted between January 2021 and March 2021 in urban (n = 100), Rural (n = 100), and Tribal (n = 100) field practise areas in Mysuru district among participants aged >18 years. A semi-structured questionnaire regarding their attitude, beliefs, and understanding about mental illness was drafted, and data were obtained from participants after taking their informed consent. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institute.

Statistics:

Chi-square analysis was done to see the association between sociodemographic variables and perceptions.

Results:

Participants held different opinions across three different zones. A significant association was seen between their age, place, education, occupation, and type of family with their perception about mental illness.

Conclusion:

We can conclude that age, place, education, and occupation play an important role in the varied perception regarding mental illness. Continuous and focused interventions have to be done among the community for a positive acceptance and reducing stigma toward mental illness.
Study on perception towards psychiatry among nursing students in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sailahari Kakarla V. M. , Abhinaya R. V. R. , Ramireddy K. V.
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Nursing fraternity plays a pivotal role in psychiatric services. Psychiatric conditions and persons suffering from them may elicit the different kinds of attitudinal responses. While there are multiple factors leading to an individual's decision to specialize in psychiatry, the individual's perceptions and attitudes toward psychiatry tend to play an essential role

Aim:

The current study aimed at assessing the attitude toward psychiatry among nursing students at a tertiary care hospital.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and thirty-seven nursing students from Tertiary care teaching hospital were recruited the study and administered attitudes assessed using Attitudes toward Psychiatry-18 Scale.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistics version 23.

Results:

Majority of respondents showed favorable attitudes toward 14 items and unfavorable attitudes in remaining 4 items. Only 29.9% participants expressed their willingness to specialize in psychiatric nursing.

Conclusions:

A study found majority of students having favorable attitudes toward psychiatry. More can be done in the present education and training curriculum to develop empathetic attitudes toward people with mental illness, as it will affect the way these prospective nursing students deliver care toward their patients.
Pharmacological management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
Authors: Garg Shobit , Goel Deepak , Krishna Sai Tikka
Published: May 2022

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are the main reason for medical attention in dementia patients. Most of the time caregivers get attentive toward dementia only after BPSD. The patient's quality of life is dependent on severity and burden of psychological symptoms. Most common BPSD manifestations are agitation/aggression, depression, psychosis, and social disinhibition. We are presenting the current biological understanding and brief review of pharmacological treatment of BPSD. The current review is based on PUBMED search with the following key words “Neuro-cognitive Disorders” AND “BPSD” AND “Pharmacological Treatment,” “Antipsychotics,” “Antidepressants,” “Mood Stabilizers,” “Benzodiazepines,” “Cognitive Enhancer,” “Antihypertensive.” We have selected all reviews, systemic reviews, meta-analysis, and randomized trials on pharmacotherapy in BPSD from 2002 to 2021. Brief review on BPSD will help to fill the knowledge gap of clinical decision on pharmacotherapy in BPSD patients. It is not a systemic review but only brief view point or commentary/summary on evidence-based pharmacotherapy in BPSD.
Wounded healers? Exploring body image perceptions and the need for psychosocial intervention among undergraduate medical students
Authors: Simon Miriam Archana , Divecha Chhaya Akshay , Tayyab Hassan , Asaad Alhassan Ali
Published: May 2022

Background:

Body image issues are on the rise and affect people of all ages. It is one of the top-ranked issues of concern for young people. The present study aims to explore the body image perceptions and concerns of medical students, in particular their body esteem.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted among the medical students at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sultanate of Oman. Students across the 6 years in the medical program were invited to be part of the study. Self-report of body mass index and body weight satisfaction were obtained. Participants were also required to complete items corresponding to the Appearance and Attribution sub-scales of the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults.

Results:

Results from 351 participants indicate that medical students in Oman experience low body esteem, especially related to the self-perception of their appearance and evaluations of others. Bodyweight dissatisfaction and behavioral attempts to change weight, though associated, are not very strong predictors for body esteem.

Conclusions:

Results indicate that psychosocial and cultural factors may play a major contributory role in body image perceptions. Exposure to medical training that instills knowledge and awareness of body composition, eating habits and eating disorders does not seem to positively impact higher body esteem in students. It is recommended that awareness modules and psychoeducation sessions focusing on body image issues be planned and initiated for medical students in Oman.
Alterations in body composition in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hamama Eman S. , El-Sherif Marwa S. , El-Asrar Mohamed A. , Makkeyah Sara M.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

We studied the body composition among survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as compared to healthy controls.

Methods

Twenty-nine survivors of childhood ALL and 35 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were evaluated for anthropometric measurements, including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio. Body composition was analyzed using Tanita SC-330P scale. Measurement of fasting insulin, glucose, lipids, and serum leptin was done for all participants.

Results

BMI-standard deviation score (SDS) was significantly higher among the survivor group (mean±SD 0.79±1.2) versus controls (0.25±0.85, P=0.041). Obesity/overweightness were more prevalent among survivors than the control group (34.5% and 17.6%, respectively); however, the difference did not reach statistical significance (P=0.215). There was no difference between both the groups when comparing waist-to-hip ratio, body fat %, fat-free mass %, muscle mass %, and total body water % as well as serum leptin and lipid profile. Among ALL survivors, the overweight/obese group had higher total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol than survivors with normal BMI-SDS (P=0.0127 and 0.025, respectively), while other variables, including gender, median time from diagnosis, cranial irradiation, serum leptin, were comparable for both the groups.

Conclusion

ALL survivors are more prone to obesity and altered body composition. Incorporating preventive strategies early into treatment regimens is needed to prevent the development of these metabolic abnormalities.
Assessment of Von Willebrand factor antigen and activity levels in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Abozied Alaa , Ahmed Yousryeia A. , Mohammed Saleh Mostafa F. , Galal Hanan , Abbas Wael A.
Published: May 2022

Background

There is a close interaction between inflammation and coagulation. Hemostatic abnormalities are common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with higher risk for a hypercoagulable state and prothrombotic conditions. In addition, a few cases of acquired coagulopathy with higher risk of bleeding have been reported. The involved pathophysiologic mechanisms are complex and incompletely understood.

Objective

This is a case–control study that aimed to assess the levels of Von Willebrand factor (VWF) in IBD as a marker of disease activity and its relation to higher risk of bleeding or thrombotic events.

Patients and methods

A total of 46 patients with IBD aged 18 years or older were enrolled in the study. After consenting, patients were divided into two groups: one group included 23 patients with active IBD and the other group included 23 patients with inactive IBD. Activity of Crohn's disease was assessed through the Harvey-Bradshaw index and activity in patients with ulcerative colitis was evaluated with the simple clinical colitis activity index. The white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, albumin, fecal calprotectin, VWF antigen level (VWF:Ag), and VWF ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo) were measured. The VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag ratio was calculated.

Results

There were significant differences in the mean±SD of vWF antigen and vWF:RCo levels between active IBD group (189.30±62.83 and 101.73±23.42, respectively, P=0.001) and inactive IBD group 177.30±64.90 and 97.08±24.21, respectively, P=0.001). The IBD activity index was correlated with VWF antigen (r=0.78 P=0.001) and VWF:RCo levels (r=0.74 P=0.001). VWF antigen and VWF:RCo were correlated with fecal calprotectin (r=0.65, P=0.001, and r=0.67, P=0.001, respectively). The odds ratio of an elevated vWF antigen greater than 150% was 24 (95% confidence interval: 4.38–131.47) in the group with active IBD compared with the inactive IBD group. The VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag ratio of less than 0.7 which reflects the possibility of acquired Von Willebrand syndrome was detected in five patients (21.7%) with active IBD in comparison with only one patient (4.3%) in the inactive IBD group, with odds ratio of 6.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.65–57.1).

Conclusion

VWF antigen and activity levels can be used as markers for evaluation of IBD activity. Assessment of VWF in IBD could be significant for better hemostatic control of such patients. Activated coagulation system in IBD is well known; however, precautions for coexisting acquired functional coagulopathy should be considered.
Comparison of self-assembled video laryngoscope versus McGrath MAC®: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sukmono Besthadi , Manggala Sidharta K. , Auerkari Aino N. , Christina Budiani
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims:

Video laryngoscopy highly improves the success rate for endotracheal intubation. However, commercially available video laryngoscopes such as McGrath MAC® can be costly. An economical video laryngoscope was assembled by attaching a fibreoptic videoscope into a Macintosh laryngoscope. This randomised study aimed to compare the intubation time of this self-assembled modified Macintosh video laryngoscope (SAM-VL) and McGrath MAC® (McGrath).

Methods:

This study enroled 62 adults scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. The primary outcome was total intubation time. Secondary outcomes were the time for glottic visualisation (time A), time for tube insertion after glottic visualisation (time B), first-attempt intubation success rate, degree of glottic visualisation, and need for backward, upward, rightward pressure (BURP) assistance, complications, and user satisfaction. The tests used were: Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the Mann-Whitney test to analyse the data’s distribution and the primary outcome, respectively.

Results:

The median total intubation time in the SAM-VL group versus the McGrath was 63 s (27–114s) versus 74 s (40–133s), respectively (P = 0.032). Intubation time B was significantly faster, while the score of glottic visualisation and BURP assistance was significantly higher in the SAM-VL group. The differences in the rate of successful first attempts and complications were not statistically significant. SAM-VL users rated the ease of blade insertion and manoeuvrability, degree of glottic visualisation, and overall rating as very high.

Conclusion:

Endotracheal intubation using self-assembled modified video laryngoscope is faster and allows better glottis visualisation than McGrath MAC®.
Preparing future Indian medical graduates for emergencies at the Foundation Course: Do the knowledge and self-confidence increase after basic cardiac life support training?
Authors: Manuel Shaji A. , Tanna Dhara B. , Patel Heena K. , Bose Neeta
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims:

Medical professionals must be able to perform life-saving skills like cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during emergency situations, even outside the hospital. The foundation course for the first-year medical students includes first aid and CPR training. This quasi-experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of basic cardiac life support (BCLS) training based on Indian guidelines, on the self-confidence and knowledge regarding CPR of first-year medical students.

Methods:

This study was conducted during the foundation course for first-year medical students. The training included a common lecture for all the students followed by a 4 day long practical training in groups of 45–46 students, each day. BCLS training was carried out in three skill stations – airway, chest compressions and full sequence CPR. Students’ skills were recorded real time on a skill assessment manikin after completion of the hands-on training. The students were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding knowledge and self-confidence, before and after the training. The outcome measures were the difference in knowledge and self-confidence with regard to CPR before and after the training.

Results:

Out of the 199 students, 181 were included in the analysis. There was significant improvement in the knowledge score (pre-test – 1.46 versus post-test – 8.27, P < 0.001). The overall confidence regarding first aid skills, BCLS knowledge and self-confidence for performing BCLS improved significantly.

Conclusion:

There is improvement in knowledge and self-confidence regarding CPR and the students develop an acceptable level of skills after the training.
Immediate Effects of Diode Laser (970±15 nm) on Microbial Load in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Chandrasekaran Kavita , Chavan D Sunil Kumar , Kripal Krishna , Anuroopa P
Published: May 2022

Background:

Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease, and the causative periodontal pathogens have been detected in patient samples like plaque, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, crevicular blood, gingival tissues, etc. Laser disinfection is an advanced treatment that has been shown to alter the bacterial flora and have greater efficacy in reducing the progression of the disease.

Aim:

This study is aimed to evaluate the immediate effects of a diode laser (970 ± 15 nm) on the microbial load in GCF, crevicular blood, and saliva samples of patients suffering from chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 45 subjects were recruited for the study. Each patient's mouth was divided equally into two halves, which were allotted randomly into two groups. In group I (test group), diode laser disinfection was performed, and in group II (control group), saline irrigation was performed. The GCF, saliva, and crevicular blood samples were collected before and immediately after disinfection for microbial analysis.

Results:

Clinical observations showed a reduction in microbial load in both groups, which were statistically significant in the test group. GCF and saliva samples showed greater reduction when compared with crevicular blood samples in both groups.

Conclusion:

This study concludes that the application of diode laser (970 ± 15 nm) has immediate reducing effects on the microbial load in GCF, crevicular blood, and saliva samples in patients with chronic periodontitis.
Management of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Salicylate Sensitive Stevens–Johnson Syndrome – A Case Report
Authors: Panchanadikar Noopur , Balasubramanian Suganya , Nirmal Latha , Haridoss Selvakumar , Muthu Murugan Satta
Published: May 2022

In the present era, the use of drugs is an important paradigm of health care. Reactions to drugs range from minor cutaneous reactions to potentially lethal conditions like Stevens–Johnson syndrome. A 13-year-old, male patient, known case of Stevens–Johnson Syndrome was referred from the pediatric ward for the management of oral mucosal lesions, post consumption of the antibiotic combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Failure of lesion regression led to the change in the treatment plan, speculating an allergic reaction to one of the components of the initial treatment medication (choline salicylate) as well. Identification and withdrawal of the offending medication and rendering supportive care along with treatment of the lesions with topical corticosteroids form the outline of management. This case report demonstrates the approach undertaken by the pediatric dentist to cure the oral mucosal lesions in symbiosis with pediatricians, ophthalmologists and nutritionists to cure this life-threatening condition.
Evaluation of Morinda Citrifolia Ethanolic Extract Versus Morinda Citrifolia Fresh Fruit Juice for Tissue Response and Systemic Toxicity in Animal Model
Authors: Teja Kavalipurapu Venkata , Ramesh Sindhu , Ganesh Karthik , Vasundhara Kaligotla Apoorva
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

An ideal irrigant should exhibit good antimicrobial activity along with smear removal. Various plant extracts have been used for disinfection of the root canal system. The present study aims in evaluating the tissue response and systemic toxicity of ethanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia versus Morinda citrifolia fresh fruit juice in an animal model.

Materials and Methods:

A total 48 female adult wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups as Group I- 3% sodium hypochlorite (n = 12), Group II- Saline (Control) (n = 12), Group III- ethanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia (n = 12), Group IV- Morinda citrifolia Fresh Fruit Juice (n = 12). A trough was made in the periapical bone, and the test sample was placed in the respective groups. The animals were euthanized for 7th day, 14th day and 30th day and the tissue specimen was prepared for histopathological evaluation, and serum analysis was done for oxidative stress markers, liver and renal function tests.

Results:

Serum analysis exhibited significant elevation of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) and Glutathione Reductase (GR) and histopathology showed a higher inflammatory response at 7th and 14th days in group II and group III (P < 0.05), as compared to the other groups. At the 30th day time interval, there was no statistically significant difference in serum analysis and inflammatory response, in all the four groups analysed (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Ethanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia was not biocompatible and more cytotoxic than a Morinda citrifolia fresh fruit juice. So, fresh fruit juice of Morinda citrifolia can be a preferred choice of natural root canal irrigant, with least possible cytotoxic effects as compared to the ethanolic extract.
Comparative Evaluation of Three Different Glass Ionomer Cements
Authors: Reddy T. Hari Sainath , Venkatesh K. Vijay , Mani Rekha
Published: May 2022

Context:

Newer glass ionomer cements with improved properties are constantly being developed. One such material is the novel Hybrid Glass-Ionomer cement (HGIC) with properties yet to be studied.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to compare the flexural strength, shear bond strength, wear resistance and fluoride release of Hybrid Glass Ionomer restorative with Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (CGIC) and Resin modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC).

Settings and Design:

This was an in vitro study.

Methods and Material:

A total of 300 samples were tested in this study, with 100 samples per group and each group was further subdivided into 5 sub-groups with 20 samples each. Flexural and Shear bond strength values were determined by subjecting the specimens to a universal testing machine. For wear resistance, the specimens were assessed using a pin on the disc tribometer. For fluoride release, the test specimen suspended in 10 mL deionised water was tested at 24 h and 1 week.

Statistical Analysis Used:

One-way ANOVA.

Results:

RMGIC had the highest flexural and shear bond strength values followed by HGIC and CGIC. HGIC had the least wear rate followed by RMGIC and CGIC. At 24 h and 1 week, HGIC had the highest fluoride release among the study groups.

Conclusions:

HGIC exhibited the highest wear resistance and fluoride release among the cements studied. However, flexural and Shear bond strength values, of RMGIC, was comparatively higher.
Adverse Effect of Consumption of Carbonated Soft Drinks on Orthodontic Treatment – A Systematic Review
Authors: Venkatesan Keerthi , Srinivasan Bhadrinath , Padmanabhan Sridevi
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

The complications of soft drink consumption during orthodontic treatment includes degradation of enamel, reduction in the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, and also corrosion of orthodontic wires. The main objective of this review is to discuss the adverse effects of carbonated soft drink (CSD) consumption on patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Methods:

A search of studies in MEDLINE (via PubMed), the Cochrane library, Web of science, IndMED, EMBASE, Google scholar and limited grey literature on the effects of consumption of CSDs was conducted. All pertinent abstracts were reviewed for inclusion. Full articles were retrieved for abstracts or titles that met the initial inclusion criteria or lacked sufficient detail for immediate exclusion.

Results:

Out of the 4484 results obtained from search, 16 articles were selected based on title and 6 articles were eliminated after reading the abstracts. 10 articles were selected for systematic review which included 6 invitro studies, 1 animal study, 1 observational study and 2 invivo studies. Of these, six studies evaluated the effects of carbonated drinks on the shear bond strength of brackets on enamel of which two evaluated the microhardness of enamel, two studies evaluated the mechanical and chemical properties of wires, one evaluated tooth movement and one study focussed on white spot lesions. The results from the selected articles showed that with the consumption of carbonated drinks, there was reduced shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, altered enamel characteristics, alteration of mechanical and physical properties of orthodontic wires and decrease in rate of orthodontic tooth movement.

Conclusion:

Based on the available evidence, CSD consumption during orthodontic treatment definitely has an effect on orthodontic appliances, enamel and possibly on tooth movement.
Constituents, Properties and Clinical Applications of Orthomta & Retromta
Authors: Maru Viral , Dixit Uma B.
Published: May 2022

Aim:

OrthoMTA and RetroMTA are newly developed mineral trioxide aggregates that were developed to achieve maximum benefits and clinical performance. This systematic review aimed at assessing and describing the constituents, properties and uses of OrthoMTA and RetroMTA.

Methodology:

Literature search was performed using the keywords, “OrthoMTA”, “RetroMTA”, “BioMTA”, “constituents” and “properties” in the databases, PubMed, Cochrane, Semantic scholar and Europe PubMed Central. Original articles in English describing the properties, constituents, uses/indications, history and recent advances on OrthoMTA and RetroMTA were considered for the study.

Results:

A total of 35 articles were selected for the systematic review based on keywords selected. Among the 35 articles, 5 articles described the composition and properties of OrthoMTA and RetroMTA, 7 articles depicted the usage of OrthoMTA and RetroMTA and the remaining articles discussed on the various properties of both OrthoMTA and RetroMTA.

Conclusion:

The present review confirmed that RetroMTA exhibits an excellent property, namely, short setting time, less tooth discoloration, high compressive strength, higher shear bond strength with time, higher push-out bond strength, low solubility, low cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, antibacterial property, and can be used in reparative processes in case of blood contamination. However, even OrthoMTA showed less microleakage, is biocompatible and possesses antibacterial properties.