bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODERN VISUALIZATION BY DIGITALLY MODELING NEOLITHIC CRAFTED HUMAN SKULLS
Authors: Silver M. , Denker A. , Nùñez M.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Our digital modeling in 3D aims to visualize Neolithic crafted skulls found in the Near East for their preservation and study taking into account both the possibilities of skull deformation in vivo as well as crafting them postmortem. Decapitation and burying or caching human skulls is met already in Palaeolithic contexts. Postmortem cranial crafting by drilling and carving, or modelling with plaster and asphalt using human skulls as basis was practiced in the Near East during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic and Late Neolithic period. The first examples of plastered human skulls were discovered at Jericho in the 1950s, then belonging to Jordan, after which to Israel and now to the Palestinian territories. Similar skulls were later found in various sites in the Near East. The examples digitally reconstructed here include skulls from Göbekli Tepe and Köşk Höyük found in Turkey, from the cave at Nahal Hemar at the Dead Sea in the Judean mountains of Israel and skulls from Jericho in the Palestinian territories. Both drawings and photographs were used in digitally reconstructing the skulls in 3D. The Blender software allowed us to sculpt the complex shape of the skull from a base mesh. Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) rendering sped up rendering thanks to Nvidia graphics cards. UV mapping was carried out for importing the texture. The visualization enabled us to make further anthropological observations. Beside the generally acknowledged Neolithic "skull cult" we also wish briefly to discuss other reasons for the phenomena and practices.
A STRATEGY USING HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION FOR MANAGING CHANGE OF THE HISTORIC CENTRE OF BUKHARA
Authors: Vileikis O.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Bukhara, historic city of the Silk Roads, has been going through changes for more than 2000 years. The historic centre is UNESCO World Heritage since 1993 including hundreds of monuments such as madrassas, mosques and caravanserais, and an urban fabric containing the traditional Bukharian houses. As a dynamic city in Uzbekistan, its transformation is ongoing. A number of previous studies, including a large scale UNESCO field campaign, have been carried out to identify the overall condition of this historic city. Being most of the traditional houses privately owned and built of earthen materials, these studies have highlighted that this type of heritage is under threat of high impact of changes. Therefore, there has been a need of guidelines to protect and manage change of this outstanding heritage. Appropriate decisions in heritage conservation are based on timely, relevant and accurate information about the conditions, materials and evolution of heritage buildings and landscapes. To support these tasks, two main international projects, the University College London (UCL) Central Asian Archaeological Landscapes (CAAL) funded by Arcadia Fund, and the Traditional Bukharian Houses Documentation and Conservation approaches funded by the World Monuments Fund (WMF) are supporting the heritage management of city of Bukhara in partnership with the International Institute of Central Asian Studies (IICAS), the local administration, universities and the Bukharian community. This paper presents the current two large projects to create a digital database of the mahallas -neighbourhoods and its traditional houses by documenting heritage attributes, and ultimately produce the Guidelines on Conservation, Maintenance and Adaptive Reuse recognising heritage regeneration, as a core principle, and the contribution of heritage towards the achievement of the UN 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE ACCURACY OF THE TIE POINTS CLOUD: THE CASE STUDY OF PALAZZO DE FALCO
Authors: Barba S. , Di Benedetto A. , di Filippo A. , Fiani M.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. In the context of cultural heritage documentation and conservation, an accurate 3D model is essential to properly describe an artifact of historical relevance and provide the expert user with verified metric data. In this paper we propose a workflow aimed at estimating errors in the image orientation steps, which is useful for improving the accuracy of the sparse cloud (composed of Tie Points). Some parameters provided as input to the processing software, often overlooked by the user in favour of the default ones, are analysed. Specifically, tests are carried out using the commercial software package Agisoft Metashape and involve the analysis of three parameters: (i) the accuracy of measuring the Ground Control Points (GCPs) provided by the user; (ii) the accuracy of the Tie Points (TPs) computed by the software; and (iii) the accuracy of collimating the GCPs on the image. The accuracy of the GCPs is estimated by implementing the formulas of error propagation in MATLAB, considering the three concurring sources of error: the coordinate measurement with the Total Station (TS), the coordinate transformation from the local system to the UTM/ETRF00 System, and the GNSS measurement for estimating the transformation parameters. The transformation parameters are calculated using the Bursa Wolf method. The collimation accuracy of GCPs on the image is estimated by the reprojection error of each single GCPs on the image plane. The accuracy of the GCPs will be estimated by the standard error per unit weight (SEUW), accurate GCPs being expected to have a SEUW value close to unity. SEUW is also the overall indicator for estimating the accuracy of the TPS cloud because it is influenced, in different ways, by all three parameters analysed. Test Area is a historic building located in the town of Fisciano, a few kilometres from the city of Salerno, known as Palazzo De Falco. The results highlight how these parameters, if not properly considered, can significantly affect the final 3D model.
5DMETEORA FRAMEWORK: MANAGEMENT AND WEB PUBLISHING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE DATA
Authors: Boutsi A.-M. , Tallis I. , Pastos I. , Verykokou S. , Ioannidis C.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Cultural Heritage (CH) management software represents virtual information in various ways aiming either at usability and long-term preservation or interactivity and immersiveness. A single web-based framework that couples the organization of geospatial, multimedia and relational data with 4D visualization, Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) is presented in this paper (https://meteora.topo.auth.gr/5dmeteora.php). It comprises the 5dMeteora platform and the Content Management System (CMS) for uploading, processing, publishing and updating its content. The 5dMeteora platform integrates a responsive 3D viewer of high-resolution models in the basis of 3DHOP (3D Heritage Online Platform) and Nexus.js multi-resolution library. It offers data retrieval and interpretation mechanisms through navigation tools, clickable geometries in the 3D scene, named hotspots, and semantic organization of metadata. Its content and interactive services are differentiated, based on the scientific specialty or the field of interest of the users. To achieve the sense of spatial presence, VR and AR viewports are designed to give a clearer understanding of spatial bounds and context of 3D CH assets. The proposed CMS allows dynamic content management, automation of 3DHOP’s operations regarding 3D data uploading and hotspots defining, real-time preview of the 3D scene as well as extensibility at all levels (e.g., new data types). It is built upon a MySQL Database Management System and developed with PHP scripting, backend JavaScript and Ajax controllers as well as front-end web languages. The database maintains and manages the entities of every type of data supported by the platform, while encryption methods guarantee data confidentiality and integrity. The presented work is the first valid attempt of open-source software that automates the dissemination of 3D and 2D content for customized eXtented Reality (XR) experiences and reaches multiple levels of interactivity for different users (experts, non-experts). It can meet the needs of domain experts that own or manage multimodal heritage data.
FAST AND ACCURATE DOCUMENTATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE WITH LOW-COST SPHERICAL PANORAMIC PHOTOGRAPHS FROM 360 CAMERAS
Authors: Marcos-González D. , Álvaro-Tordesillas A. , López-Bragado D. , Martínez-Vera M.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This research wants to show the possibility of quickly making high-quality photogrammetric models using 360-degree panoramic photographs, but made using low-cost, single-shot cameras. Currently there is a wide variety of single shot cameras, in which the shape of the camera can vary according to the number of lenses that it incorporates in the camera mount, but this will directly affect the quality of the photography. result and in the price of the team.The fundamental characteristic of single-shot cameras is that they are capable of capturing a 360-degree panoramic photo at the very moment of shooting, which allows to greatly reduce data collection times compared to the normal method of taking photos spherical. This occurs thanks to the fact that they have several lenses that allow them to capture everything that happens around them in a fraction of a second. In addition, the composition times of the final image are also reduced, since they incorporate a processor that allows them to stitch the panorama automatically. These features make data capture very fast, greatly reducing work times.To demonstrate the efficiency of this equipment, several tests have been carried out in different spaces, interior and exterior, of the Cathedral of Plasencia. For each data set, the object documentation was performed twice. The first time it was done with a Faro Focus 3D laser scanner to generate the highly metrically accurate control model. And the second time a Xiaomi Mi Sphere camera was used to generate the comparison model. The photogrammetric models were processed with the Agisoft Metashape software and the comparison of the models in the CloudCompare software.The results obtained in these comparisons have been very promising, showing the effectiveness of these cameras to quickly document heritage. All the data on working times, geometric precision of the models, metric deviations, etc. They are shown below in the document.
FEW SHOT PHOTOGRAMETRY: A COMPARISON BETWEEN NERF AND MVS-SFM FOR THE DOCUMENTATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Balloni E. , Gorgoglione L. , Paolanti M. , Mancini A. , Pierdicca R.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. 3D documentation methods for Digital Cultural Heritage (DCH) domain is a field that becomes increasingly interdisciplinary, breaking down boundaries that have long separated experts from different domains. In the past, there has been an ambiguous claim for ownership of skills, methodologies, and expertise in the heritage sciences. This study aims to contribute to the dialogue between these different disciplines by presenting a novel approach for 3D documentation of an ancient statue. The method combines TLS acquisition and MVS pipeline using images from a DJI Mavic 2 drone. Additionally, the study compares the accuracy and final product of the Deep Points (DP) and Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) methods, using the TLS acquisition as validation ground truth. Firstly, a TLS acquisition was performed on an ancient statue using a Faro Focus 2 scanner. Next, a multi-view stereo (MVS) pipeline was adopted using 2D images captured by a Mini-2 DJI Mavic 2 drone from a distance of approximately 1 meter around the statue. Finally, the same images were used to train and run the NeRF network after being reduced by 90%. The main contribution of this paper is to improve our understanding of this method and compare the accuracy and final product of two different approaches - direct projection (DP) and NeRF - by exploiting a TLS acquisition as the validation ground truth. Results show that the NeRF approach outperforms DP in terms of accuracy and produces a more realistic final product. This paper has important implications for the field of CH preservation, as it offers a new and effective method for generating 3D models of ancient statues. This technology can help to document and preserve important cultural artifacts for future generations, while also providing new insights into the history and culture of different civilizations. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the potential of combining TLS and NeRF for generating accurate and realistic 3D models of ancient statues.
TRAINING STUDENTS IN GETTING ARCHITECTURAL KNOWLEDGE FROM SMARTPHONE-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRY: THE FIREPLACES BY ANDREA PALLADIO
Authors: Beltramini G. , Baldissini S. , Gaiani M. , Garagnani S.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Since 2021, the Centro Internazionale di Studi di Architettura Andrea Palladio (CISAAP) in Vicenza and the Department of Architecture at the University of Bologna collaborated for a didactical joint initiative involving students from the Photogrammetry for Architecture course. The main goal was to develop a new teaching approach for architectural education exploiting photogrammetry as a digital tool for joining the Architectural Heritage (AH) documentation with the architecture analysis and design interpretation. Beginning from the new technological advances (semi-automatic workflows and smartphone cameras use), a ‘learning-by-doing’ didactical method and situated real work problems, a whole systematic process, based on the concept of a digital copy of an architectural artifact as mean to collect and to aggregate knowledge, was developed and inferred to the student. Starting from the designed teaching path, in which the perspectives of the historian, the surveyor, and the designer are blended to get a holistic vision of the architecture, 29 fireplaces by Andrea Palladio were chosen as emblematic case studies. These microarchitectures let students understand the complexities of historic objects and of their digitalization to produce 3D models as outcomes of an acquisition pipeline useful to train them for a future professional career.
CULTURAL HERITAGE AND VIRTUAL REALITY: APPLICATION FOR VISUALIZATION OF HISTORICAL 3D REPRODUCTION
Authors: Bianconi F. , Filippucci M. , Cornacchini F. , Meschini M. , Mommi C.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The research aims to preserve and support the historical memory of Perugia's Fontivegge district through an analysis and valorisation of the existing cultural heritage. The selected case study is represented by the original design of the station, ideated by architect Antonio Cipolla. In order to enhance this project, which was never realised, it was decided to exploit the three-dimensional reconstruction of the building, which had already been elaborated previously, to create a virtual reality experience, through users can visualize, explore and walk inside the build. The purpose is to consolidate the relationship between the historical memory of the city and its users, allowing them a new interaction with the space and bringing them to a deeper level of knowledge and understanding of the place they live. To increase the user base of this virtual experience, it was decided to create an application for mobile devices. The Unreal Engine software was selected for development, given the ease of exporting projects for the main mobile platforms (Android, iOS) and the specific functions for reading GPS data. In fact, the application only allows the exploration of the virtual scenario to real users of the place, so they physically visit it and thus can understand the differences and similarities between the real scenario and the virtual historical reconstruction. Once the geolocation is verified, the app provides the 3D model for a panoramic view of the build under examination and, subsequently, an immersive experience in which it is possible to freely navigate within the virtual reconstruction.
INTEGRATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SURVEY OUTPUT AND THE INFORMATION ASSET IN A 3D MODEL OF THE CASTELLO SFORZESCO IN MILAN
Authors: Biolo F. , Guzzetti F. , Anyabolu K. L. N.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. In recent years, the architecture domain, driven by today's digital transition, has been actively exploring the world of digital twins, also thanks to the technological advancement that supports the progress on the issue. Within this context, the present work deals with the wide world of Architectural Cultural Heritage digitization. It aims to obtain a tool to support knowledge, investigation, and management of the built heritage. The research proposes an approach for digital twin development that comprehensively describes the architectural asset, including elements that are no longer present or visible. For this purpose, the three-dimensional model collects the available heterogeneous geometric datum, inevitably characterized by different levels of accuracy. The digitization model designed involves the coexistence of objects belonging to different Levels of Geometric Information (LOGI). All types of data then cooperate in defining the overall geometric information. Therefore, this framework allows for exploiting geometric information from both geomatics digital surveys and historical sources. This system allows obtaining a digital model that includes the different evolutionary phases of architectural assets by providing an overall view of these structures, an essential notion for operating properly on this kind of architecture. The digitization system was tested on a particular case study, the Ghirlanda of the Castello Sforzesco in Milan. The complexity of the property and the richness of the information heritage guided this choice, providing the basis for an appropriate and effective experimental activity.
GIOVANNI CURIONI’S DIGITAL MUSEUM (1/2): COMPARATIVE SURVEY TECHNIQUES FOR THE DEFINITION OF A 3D DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE WITH LOW-COST SYSTEMS
Authors: Bocconcino M. M. , Piras M. , Vozzola M. , Pavignano M. , Gioberti L.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The potential of Virtual Heritage, with particular attention to the field of knowledge dissemination, not only in the educational and scientific field, of museum collections, which are very often not accessible, have long been at the centre of the digitisation policies of major national and international institutions. Within this framework, the proposed research is part of a broader research, involving scientific figures from different disciplinary fields for the definition of a workflow for the 3D acquisition, digitisation and creation of a virtual model of miniatures of architectural artefacts kept at the Polytechnic of Turin. The paper describes part of the experimentation conducted for the creation of 3D surveys carried out using different tools, such as a portable LIDAR, Mantis F6, a low cost LIDAR, iPhone 13 Pro, and a digital camera, Nikon Z5, evaluating their performance not only from a metric point of view, but also from a methodological point of view and the subsequent sharing of models in accessible digital environments. The conducted study therefore initiates a process of memory digitisation in order to create a digital platform in which to insert, in an organised and digitised manner, models, data, historical morphological information, material, documentary, etc., in order to make interaction with the virtual reconstructions possible, promoting a new accessibility, all this to test, standardise and define a possible working protocol for massive low-cost 3D artefacts acquisition.
SCAN TO BIM PROCESSES: HERITAGE ACCURACY VERSUS BIM SEMANTIC
Authors: Bolognesi C. M. , Bassorizzi D.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The contemporary process that leads digital surveying of Cultural Heritage to the creation of informed models in a BIM environment follows paths that are now codified for most; however, processes to improve the workflows both in terms of accuracy of results and speed of process still arise. The main cause lies in the lack of interoperability between modelling software NURBS oriented if related to parametric BIM-oriented software. The possibilities of interfacing one with the other have grown exponentially. On one side BIM oriented software look for more accuracy in defining shape objects even if complex or irregular; on the other NURBS modellers look for solving lack of information, necessary for any informed model. Our research question grows in this area and concerns three ways of reconstructing a Neo-Gothic tower to be imported into a parametric modeler for its BIM definition from an accurate point cloud. Workflows are compared to define accuracy, information addable, speed of creation.
MULTI-CAMERA LIDAR SYSTEM FOR SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PRESERVATION OF THE INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Breggion E. , Balletti C. , Guerra F.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Cultural heritage preservation is becoming increasingly important in today's culture and advancements in technology are enabling more effective preservation of both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. This paper proposes the development of a system for documenting intangible cultural heritage using multiple calibrated and synchronized LiDAR cameras for immersive and dynamic surveying of complex scenes. The prototype will be assembled using low-cost LiDAR sensors, specifically the Intel® RealSense™ L515. The system thanks to a higher number of devices will ensure full coverage of the scene to be acquired. The biggest development challenge is represented by the calibration phase, which, if carried out properly, allows the collection of a correctly oriented point cloud from each of the individual devices. The acquired point clouds will be recorded at a frequency of 30 Hz to create a dynamic and time-varying point cloud, which can then be viewed in a virtual reality environment. The affordability of the components used in the system combined with the higher completeness of data will enable the acquisition of scenes, actions, and events with a more comprehensive perspective. The goal is to lay the groundwork for the development of multi-platform and multi-sensor technologies capable of acquiring more data with a higher level of detail in intangible cultural heritage preservation efforts.
INTRODUCING A MULTIMODAL DATASET FOR THE RESEARCH OF ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
Authors: Bruschke J. , Kröber C. , Maiwald F. , Utescher R. , Pattee A.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This article looks at approaches, software solutions, standards, workflows, and quality criteria to create a multimodal dataset including images, textual information, and 3D models for a small urban area. The goal is to improve art historical research on architectural elements relying on the three data entities. A specific dataset with manually created annotations is introduced and made available to the public. The paper provides an overview of the available data and detailed information on the preparation of the different types of data as well as the process of connecting everything through annotations. It mentions the relevance and creation of a controlled vocabulary. Furthermore, point cloud processing as well as neural network approaches are discussed which may replace manual labelling. Another focus is the analysis of linguistic similarities to identify whether annotations are actually connected and therefore relevant. Additionally, research scenarios will highlight the relevance of the approach for art history and the contributions, which come from computer linguistics and computer science.
RESHAPING THE FUTURE OF PORTUGUESE AZULEJO PATTERNS
Authors: Carvalho R. S. , Pais A. , Cabral F. , Dias A. , Bergel G. , Dutta A. , Zisserman A. , Coelho R. A.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This paper introduces a new approach to the inventory and catalogue of azulejo patterns found in Portuguese buildings. It uses computer-vision based software tools for automatic search and matching of azulejo patterns, thereby improving the scalability and speed of existing cataloguing methodologies. The online catalogue of azulejo patterns is called Az Infinitum (Azulejo Referencing and Indexation System), a publicly accessible online portal suitable for both researchers and the general public who are interested in exploring and understanding this cultural heritage of Portugal. The effectiveness of this catalogue as a research support tool is demonstrated using a case study based on the Marvila pattern (i.e. P-17-00999). The online catalogue has inspired the development of an engaging application, called Azulejar, which allows one to create new patterns or understand the mathematical process behind existing azulejos patterns. This application has a potential to become an effective educational tool for inspiring everyone to explore and understand the science behind the beauty of azulejo patterns.
THE SURVEY OF THE USE OF VR AND AR AT IMMOVABLE TANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM IN CHINA
Authors: Chen D. , Zhang Z. , Hou M.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This paper focuses on VR/AR applications in immovable tangible cultural heritage (ITCH) tourism by considering both academic research and cases in the XR industry. The goal is to understand how VR/AR can be used to present heritage information to the public. A framework is developed, including the purpose of using the technology, hardware, software, and user experience to have an overall understanding of VR/AR applications. Cases collected based on the framework are divided into four heritage types to answer the following questions: under a certain heritage context, what is the commonly used technology, is there a correlation between the purpose of using VR/AR, the enabling technology, and the user experience, and is there a difference in the concentration point between academia and the XR industry in China.
FROM PERSPECTIVE RESTITUTION TO MIXED REALITY RECONSTRUCTION OF SAN NICOLÒ DEI CARMELITANI CHURCH IN PALERMO
Authors: Agnello F. , Barrale L. , Garofalo V. , Morena S.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Digital surveying and representation tools are widely used for the virtual reconstruction of historic buildings that have vanished or have been transformed. When changes or destructions occurred after the first half of the XIX century, the reconstruction process can be based on photographic images, if available. Photos provide an effective support for the reconstruction of lost buildings, especially when drawings or previous surveys are not available.The 3D reconstruction from archive images has become a relevant topic in almost recent years. In 2013 Migliari et al. proposed a method that allows the reconstruction of 3D models from a single image using perspective restitution. In those years computer engineers developed digital tools that supported inner and outer orientation of archive images. In the years from 2017 to 2019 several studies focused on the reconstruction of lost buildings with photogrammetric traditional and SfM techniques.In this study an un-assisted process is proposed for the reconstruction of a lost buildings from a single image: perspective restitution developed with digital representation tools allowed the retrieval of inner and outer orientation of archive photos and the reconstruction of the case study, a church that no longer exist. Outer orientation and scaling were provided by the lidar survey of those buildings that are still in place. Finally, a motion tracking commercial software has been tested for the contextualization of the 3D reconstruction model.
THE WALLED CITY OF VERONA. INTEGRATED SURVEY SYSTEMS FOR THE ENHANCEMENT AND PROMOTION OF VERONA'S CITY WALLS
Authors: Dell’Amico A.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The present study concerns the digital documentation of the city wall of Verona. The "Verona Città Murata" project began in 2015 thanks to the research agreement between the Municipality of Verona (UNESCO office) and the Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture of the University of Pavia. The project stems from the request to develop tools to document the site's conservation to initiate timely restoration, management, and maintenance studies. Measures for protecting, conserving, and enhancing a comprehensive and impressive cultural and natural heritage, such as the Magistral Walls and the Veronese Park, are complex and multifaceted. The multi-disciplinary aspect and the use of flexible tools to manage the information and analyses obtained during the study phase are fundamental. The research aims to optimize the fortified system's acquisition process by validating integrated survey methods and assessing point cloud data's potential, limitations, and planimetric and elevation accuracy (TLS, MLS, UAVs). On the one hand, the research products are aimed to structure a methodology of valuable representation for the documentation and diagnostic and conservative analysis of the artifact; on the other hand, they will become a helpful tool for the narrative description of Verona's fortifications to disseminate and valorize the fabric of military technology.
AN INTERDISCIPLINARY LITERATURE SURVEY FOR DEGREES OF FREEDOM OF SPATIAL DESIGN
Authors: Esposito A.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The reproduction of pictorial scenes in a digital space is a reconstructive practice that has become well established in the digital humanities. In this particular case, the applicative example is the reconstruction of the depicted sceneries by Caspar David Friedrich. This study aims to provide the opportunity to investigate stylistic aspects and sizing inconsistencies that are peculiar to the painter. The transition from 2D pictorial space to 3D reconstruction requires a separate methodological analysis concerning the criteria and categories through which this transition has to be investigated. As both of these types of representation contain common characteristics, the 'translation' between the two methodologies has to be delivered through shared categories. Grasping categories with which this process has to be explored requires a definition of Literature Survey that includes bibliographical sources related to 2D and 3D representation and their visualisation and perception. The analysis of the literature is based on a qualitative content analysis methodology. The process leads us to identify interdisciplinary categories defined through an inductive analysis of the sources and a hierarchical structure of main categories (Degrees of Freedom) and sub-categories.
DOCUMENTATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH THE FUSION OF GEOMATIC TECHNIQUES. CASE STUDY OF THE CLOISTER OF "SANTO DOMINGO" (JAÉN, SPAIN)
Authors: Gómez-López J. M. , Pérez-García J. L. , Mozas-Calvache A. T. , Vico-García D.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This study describes the methodology and results obtained for the modelling of the cloister of “Santo Domingo” located in the city of Jaén (Spain). The main objective of the application of geomatics techniques to this case was the graphic documentation of the site, the development of HBIM and the diffusion of the results. For this purpose, we developed a methodology based on the fusion of data obtained using several sensors, acquisition techniques and scales. In this sense, we used TLS, RPAS aerial photogrammetry and terrestrial photogrammetry using a spherical camera. As results, we obtained a 3D model with real texture and from this we developed several applications focused on the documentation and diffusion of the results, such as the BIM (HBIM), an interactive virtual tour and a 360 virtual tour available on a website. The proposed methodology has demonstrated its feasibility for performing this type of study due to the results and accuracy achieved with this application. We highlight the potential of current geomatic techniques for documenting this type of cultural heritage regardless of its structure and dimensions, selecting in each case the most appropriate methodology in relation to the scale of the products demanded. In addition, we also emphasize the need to use several techniques and the fusion of their partial products in order to obtain a complete product of the whole scene, taking advantage of the specificities of each one.
DIGITAL (RE)CONSTRUCTION FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Gonizzi Barsanti S. , Guagliano M. , Rossi A.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The paper investigates the advance in the most intimate understanding of the construction methods of the Fabrica Solimene (1952–1955) in Vietri sul Mare, (Campania-Italy). The aim is to increase the level of geometric and informative detail of the model, digitally (re)built by means of an indirect method using a total station survey and subsequently by means of a direct method, i.e., by importing the elaborations derived from laser scanner acquisitions and photographic data sets into a BIM authoring vector software. For this purpose, using photogrammetry, new details are acquired, specifically addressed to the study of the static-mechanical behaviour of the perimeter wall studied in its mathematical configuration of the projecting bodies from bottom to top. This study is organised on the elaboration of new clean and decimated point cloud acquisitions to be converted into volumetric models for direct use in finite element calculation (FEM) codes aimed at structural analysis. Thanks to the proposed procedure, it possible to maintain the level of geometric detail appropriate to the resolution required for the analysis. At the same time, it makes it possible to find the best pipeline to reduce the size of the model and obtain the most accurate static-structural results.
MULTI-SENSOR ANALYSIS FOR EXPERIMENTAL DIAGNOSTIC AND MONITORING TECHNIQUES AT SAN BEVIGNATE TEMPLAR CHURCH IN PERUGIA
Authors: Guarneri M. , Ceccarelli S. , Francucci M. , Ferri de Collibus M. , Ciaffi M. , Gusella V. , Liberotti R. , La Torre M.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. In the contemporary world, human and natural calamities are challenging our capabilities to preserve heritage and develop innovative safeguard strategies that also address the requirement of sustainability for restoration purposes, still considering the connection between tradition and innovation. This work introduces non-invasive diagnostic practices that offer a new insight of the built environment by studying two different elements of the same architecture of San Bevignate Templar church: a thermographic mapping obtained with special post-processing procedures provided interesting information about the hidden wall pattern, while a prototypal laser scanner, called RGB-ITR, and a UAV survey supplied new insights on the precious paintings. The assessment of the masonry quality constitutes an a priori condition for a reliable estimation of its seismic vulnerability and for the planning of effective yet conservative interventions. The access keys to 'sustainability' therefore consist in the improvement of these contactless investigations, which can be performed both in passive conditions, in the case of thermography surveys, and in active ones, such as for the RGB-ITR scanner, as necessary substitutes for destructive or partial-destructive tests. The research achieved promising results for the characterisation of the architectural structure and the paintings, with the aim of a long-term monitoring of the structure and the decorative apparatus of a monumental heritage located in an area vulnerable to seismic and environmental events.
SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION AND HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION - CASE STUDY OF A REMOTE DOCUMENTATION OF TRAVNIK’S VAROŠKA MOSQUE
Authors: Jäger-Klein C. , Kodzoman E. , Stampfer L.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. After two disastrous fires in Travnik in 1903, the Austro-Hungarian administration designed a new and secure mosque building model typology following a distinctive style of Habsburg-Bosnia. In order to understand the interventions which were carried out in that time, the research team examined the limited plan documentation from the 1990s. and collected the basic measurements by working on-site. Because of extended requirements, and new target areas being developed later in the project, more data for further research was needed. This paper will examine the possibilities of supplementing the existing materials collected on site by including new secondary sources into the processing. It will discuss the extent of combining data from different sources collected by means of crowdsourcing to conduct photogrammetric models and improve the quality of its result. Also, it will show how this material can refine already existing data and contribute to the precise documentation of the built heritage of Travnik, in particular to the 3D plan set of Varoška Mosque.
DRAWINGS FOR THE REUSE OF NINETEENTH CENTURY GREENHOUSES IN THE GARDEN OF VILLA CICOGNA MOZZONI
Authors: Jovanović D. , Oreni D.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The nineteenth-century greenhouses in the garden of Villa Cicogna Mozzoni are abandoned and dilapidated. Three greenhouses investigated for the research named A, B and C are positioned one above the other on the hill of the garden. They are historical examples of iron and glass structures with masonry walls leaning against the ground. They have undergone numerous modifications over time, as evidenced by archival documents. To create a preservation project for their reuse, bibliographical research was first collected. Secondly, direct and indirect surveys were carried out. The technical drawings were produced on a 1:50 scale using point clouds, orthophotos, sketches and direct measurements. Given the nature of the glass material of which these buildings are predominantly made, it was necessary to process the data obtained with the laser scanner and clean created noise points. Seemingly simple structures, greenhouses are complex buildings that require careful studies of humidity, temperature, irrigation, light and materials. For the presentation of different systems in the greenhouses, colour-coded thematical drawings were created. Detailed drawings on a 1:20 scale examine the iron fixtures and manual mechanical system of the windows. Other characteristics were presented in the drawings, such as internal and external movements and communications between greenhouses. The survey and documentation were done to serve for the reuse project which aims to bring back the shine to these greenhouses so that they can be revitalised for botanical and educational activities.
EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION: A STUDY AT BARONG CAVE IN WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Kartini G. A. J. , Gumilar I. , Abidin H. Z. , Yondri L. , Nugany M. R. N. , Saputri N. D.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Barong cave, located in West Java, Indonesia, is one of the caves within the cultural heritage site of Pawon cave, which has the potential to have been a human settlement based on the artifacts found there. However, the site has faced challenges such as vandalism, lack of proper management and preservation efforts, and the negative impacts of limestone mining. Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) have gained attention as a tool for cave measurement and documentation, but there is limited research on their use for cultural heritage preservation in Indonesian caves. This study focuses on documenting and creating a 3D model of Barong cave using TLS, with a specific exploration of the intensity values of point cloud data obtained from TLS near-infrared wave. Data acquisition was successfully carried out, resulting in detailed digital models of the cave. Although manual identification of vandalism using TLS was limited, our study demonstrated the potential of TLS as a tool for identifying vandalism in caves. Further research, including the development of augmented reality and virtual reality applications for museums and education, and automated identification of markings on 3D point cloud data using intensity values for cave art, requires further development.
PRESERVATION THROUGH DIGITIZATION - STANDARDIZATION IN DOCUMENTATION OF BUILD CULTURAL HERITAGE USING CAPTURING REALITY TECHNIQUES AND HERITAGE/HISTORIC BIM METHODOLOGY
Authors: Argasiński K. , Kuroczyński P.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is an established approach in the construction industry that enables efficient collaboration between stakeholders and facilitates project management. However, when it comes to historical buildings, the application of BIM can be demanding due to the complex nature of these projects. Although BIM Uses in the construction sector are well-documented (Penn State University, 2013) and we are surrounded by amazing technologies, we do not yet have standardized international workflows on how to use those state-of-the-art techniques with Cultural Heritage Assets (Bruno and Roncella, 2019). Standardizing Cultural Heritage (CH) metric documentation and Heritage/Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) is challenging since each CH asset needs different information throughout the whole life cycle of the monument - both their physical and non-physical attributes, such as historical and cultural characteristics. Additionally, every work carried out on CH, such as knowledge acquisition, restoration, adaptation, etc., requires specific data inputs. Although there are guidelines books that offer some general proposals, they represent the maximum effort towards standardization. As a result, the field of HBIM has emerged as a relatively new area of scientific research that focuses on the digital representation of CH assets.This research aims to develop a working method and templates for procurement workflow standardization that will facilitate the documentation of historic buildings and heritage assets in coordination with relevant historic preservation authorities for the BIM use case - asset register. The use of various measurement methods, the registration of captured point clouds, and the transfer of geometry to a BIM-compliant 3D information model and sustainable data storage are important aspects of this project.
ADVANCED 3D PARAMETRIC HISTORIC CITY BLOCK MODELING COMBINING 3D SURVEYING, AI AND VPL
Authors: La Russa F. M. , Grilli E. , Remondino F. , Santagati C. , Intelisano M.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The presented research aims to define a parametric modelling methodology that allows, in short time and at a sustainable cost, the digital acquisition, modelling and semantic structuring of urban city blocks to facilitate 3D city modelling applied to historic centres. The methodology is based on field surveying and derives 3D data for the realisation of a parametric City Information Model (CIM). This is pursued through the adoption of parametric modelling as main method combined with AI procedures like supervised machine learning. In particular, the Visual Programming Language (VPL) Grasshopper is adopted as main working environment. The methodology proposed, called Scan-to-CIM, is developed to automate the cognitive operations of interpretation and input of surveying data performed in the field in order to create LoD4 city block models in a semi-automatic way. The proposed Scan-to-CIM methodology is applied to a city block located in the historic centre of Catania, Italy.
RESEARCH ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF HISTORIC PATTERNS OF OLD SUMMER RESORTS USING SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY OF KULIANG IN FUZHOU, CHINA
Authors: Lin Y. N. , Yang C. , Chen Y. X. , Bu Y. F. , Ping C. L. , Cheng B. Y.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Since modern times, Western immigrants have constructed summer resorts in subtropical regions of Asia, resulting in a unique historical occurrence. These summer resorts have loose and flexible distributions that reflect the specific needs and aesthetic preferences of the developers. In the Kuliang summer resort in Fuzhou, China, the seemingly random distribution of buildings and historical landscapes actually conceals complex social relationships between the hosts and managers. This paper discovered that the expansion of housing distribution in Kuliang is closely related to the social network of residents. The research employed various technological methods such as social network analysis and geographic information systems to compute and process complex social relationships and big data. Their analysis has led to three conclusions: (1) The seemingly randomized distribution of buildings and historical landscapes in Kuliang is a result of social relationship development. (2) The formation of Kuliang's summer resort is correlated with the selection of "central members" in the community and has distinct temporal characteristics. (3) Information technology has great potential for the analysis of the formation process of cultural landscapes. These research findings provide important reference for the protection of cultural heritage and understanding the role of social relationships in shaping cultural landscapes.
DIGITAL HOLISTIC DOCUMENTATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: CHALLENGES AND RISKS, TOWARDS SHAPING THE FUTURE
Authors: Argyridou E. , Efstathiou K. , Hadjiathanasiou M. , Ioannides M. , Karaoli A. , Karittevli E. , Mateou M. , Panagi I. , Samara P.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This paper presents the results of the Horizon 2020 ERA Chair in Digital Cultural Heritage: ‘Mnemosyne’ project, which aims to achieve excellence in research and innovation in the holistic documentation of the past. The project's research agenda includes six broad thematic areas, which encompass data acquisition, processing, semantic data modelling, knowledge management, data long-term preservation, and data use and reuse. The paper focuses on the key results of the project during which several researchers have been training, some of whom propose presenting their experience in three out of the total seventeen heritage-documentation case studies chosen to be studied and digitized. The paper illustrates the significant results of the case studies and how they can fulfil the needs of the multidisciplinary community of experts. Mnemosyne’s research team has developed useful research methodologies for the holistic documentation and digitization of tangible cultural heritage objects, monuments, and sites, as well as novel research approaches regarding their embedded intangible aspects and features.
VALORIZING CULTURAL HERITAGE BY EMPLOYING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR SURVEY AND COMMUNICATION: THE CHURCH OF SAN VINCENZO FERRERI
Authors: Lo Pilato A. , Scandurra S. , Palomba D. , di Luggo A.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This paper proposes a reflection on the role of digital technologies as a tool to know and enhance architectural and artistic heritage through non-invasive modalities and technologies. The article is part of the broader research work on the closed churches of Naples’s historic center, with the Church of S. Vincenzo Ferreri as the case study of this experimentation. The church still has an extremely rich decorative apparatus deriving from various stratifications. However, it is seldom open to the public only when exhibitions and events are hosted. The paper will comply with the foundational concepts of survey and digital architectural representation in the interpretation processes of the architectural heritage to evaluate the validity of alternative fruition techniques aimed at expanding the knowledge of this heritage to the community.