bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Process Knowledge Integrated Assembly Sequence Planning for Control Panel
Authors: Enomoto Atsuko , Yamamoto Noriaki , Yamamura Yoshio , Sugawara Yoshio ,   Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd. 292 Yoshidacho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 244-0817, Japan,   Insight Group, Control System Platform Division, Omika Works, Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi, Japan
Published: January 2020

Completely automated assembly sequence planning for control panels is proposed. The proposed algorithm generates the manufacturing bill of material for the assembly processes and total assembly sequence. The algorithm integrates the knowledge of assembly process into a near optimum assembly sequence generation.
Applicability of Diamond-Coated Tools for Ball End Milling of Sintered Tungsten Carbide
Authors: Suwa Haruhiko , Sakamoto Soushi , Nagata Masafumi , Tezuka Kazuhiro , Samukawa Tetsuo ,   Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University 17-8 Ikeda-naka-machi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan,   A.L.M.T. Corp., Hyogo, Japan,   DIJET, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
Published: January 2020

Sintered tungsten carbide which has high hardness and high heat resistance, has been widely used in molds and dies. Research on the development of a cutting technology for sintered tungsten carbide (sintered WC-Co alloy) has been pursued mainly with the use of a turning process. We focused on building an efficient milling method for sintered tungsten carbide by using diamond-coated ball end tools, and have investigated their basic properties under specific cutting conditions. This study extends our previous work by enhancing cutting distance in the milling of sintered tungsten carbide, especially that with a “fine” WC grain. The surface roughness of cut workpieces is evaluated from the point of view of the quality of surface roughness. A series of cutting experiments under different cutting conditions were carried out, and the possibility of deriving a suitable cutting condition for the ball end milling of sintered tungsten carbide is discussed.
Experimental Investigations on Cutting Phenomena in Shoulder Cutting of Hardened Die Steel with Small Diameter End Mill: Effects of Left Hand Helical Tool
Authors: Imada Takumi , Ogawa Keiji , Kino Haruki , Nakagawa Heisaburo , Kojima Hitomi ,   Industrial Research Center of Shiga Prefecture 232 Kamitoyama, Ritto-shi, Shiga 520-3004, Japan,   Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan,   Mitsubishi Hitachi Tool Engineering, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan,   Nakagawa Machining R&D Center, Wakayama, Japan,   Big Daishowa Seiki Co., Ltd., Higashiosaka, Japan
Published: January 2020

This study deals with shoulder cutting phenomena in micro-end-milling of hardened die steel. Demand for micro-end-milling for products in the medical, optical, and electronics industry is increasing. However, in machining with a small diameter end mill that has diameter of e.g., 0.5 mm, the rigidity of the tool itself is low; therefore, cutting conditions must be set to low values to achieve stable machining. We revealed that cutting phenomena became unstable because the end cutting edge was damaged early in shoulder cutting. Therefore, we experimentally prepared a left hand helical tool with a right hand cut to perform complete processing by improving the strength of the end cutting edge. Cutting experiments were carried out while measuring cutting force and observing cutting phenomena, end cutting edge, and machined surface via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We determined the effects of such tools on fundamental phenomena in shoulder cutting with a small diameter end mill. The rake angle of the tool was improved based on experimental analysis of the damage mechanism of the cutting edge in the shoulder cutting. A result of the examination to investigate the influence of the difference in rake angle on chip evacuation showed that the chip discharge direction was affected by the rake angle; when the angle is blunt, the chips were discharged upward, and the chip discharge performance improved.
Proposal of Contour Line Model for High-Speed End Milling Simulation
Authors: Nishida Isamu ,   Kobe University 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan, Shirase Keiichi
Published: January 2020

A contour line model for end milling simulation, which realizes high-speed arithmetic processing by reducing memory usage, is proposed. In this model, a 3-dimensional shape can be expressed by superimposing the contour lines of the cross-sections obtained by dividing the workpiece along any axial direction. Therefore, the memory usage is reduced compared to a Z-map model or a voxel model as the interior information of the object can be eliminated. The contour line model can also be applied to complicated shapes having overhangs. Furthermore, cutting volume can be calculated from the interference area enclosed by two contour lines of the workpiece and the tool cross-sections. The workpiece shape can be changed by eliminating the interference area. In the contour line model, cutting force can also be predicted with an instantaneous rigid force model using the uncut chip thickness for each cutting edge from the positional relationship between the interference area and the cutting edge. To validate the proposed model, cutting experiments were conducted, which confirmed that the predicted machining shape had good agreement with the actual machined shape. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the cutting force can be predicted accurately.
Cutting Features Between Surface Roughness in Feed Direction and Machining State of Radius End Mill Against Inclined Surfaces (In Case of Contour Machining and Five-Axis Machining with Constant Tilt Angle)
Authors: Narita Hirohisa ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
Published: January 2020

Optimum experimental conditions, that realize good surface roughness in feed direction, for a radius end mill against some inclined surfaces is obtained by the Taguchi method. Some cutting features due to the unique shape of the radius end mill are revealed via the degree of influence of various factors, which are calculated by the Taguchi method, and the geometric relationship of some contact states of the tool. The experimental conditions include cutting type, spindle speed, feed rate, depth of immersion, inclination angle, and corner radius. The results revealed that the contact states are highly significant, and can be categorized into three types. Furthermore, bottom and corner edges must be contacted simultaneously in order to obtain good surface roughness.
Angle Detection Using Gyro Signals Rotating Around Four Orthogonally Aligned Axes
Authors: Kume Tatsuya , Satoh Masanori , Suwada Tsuyoshi , Furukawa Kazuro , Okuyama Eiki ,   Mechanical Engineering Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan,   Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan,   Faculty of Engineering and Resource, Akita University, Akita, Japan
Published: January 2020

An angle sensor can be used to evaluate profiles without any shape references. We regard it suitable for evaluating a large profile and consider a gyro as an angle sensor for evaluating a profile larger than 100 m with an accuracy of better than 1 mm. A gyro can evaluate profiles without restrictions in span or direction; however, angles detected by a gyro typically fluctuate unacceptably for our purpose. We demonstrate that periodical reversal measurement by flipping a gyro is effective in reducing the effect of the fluctuation. Then, we rotate the gyro for continuously realizing the reversal, where the angles of the gyro’s rotating axis against the earth’s rotating axis can be derived without being affected by the fluctuation, and can be used as an angle sensor. Here, we consider a new method using gyro signals rotating around four orthogonally aligned axes. This can improve the accuracy of the derived angles by eliminating the effects of the gyro’s scale factor as well as the fluctuations.
Grinding Energy Distributions and Wear Behaviors of Grain Cutting Edges in cBN Deep Grinding
Authors: Fujimoto Masakazu ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan, Hiraizumi Yuka , Hirata Kazutaka , Ohishi Susumu
Published: January 2020

This paper deals with the grinding energy distributions in wheel-workpiece contact zone and the wear behaviors of grain cutting edges in cBN deep grinding. By measuring the tangential grinding force distribution in the grinding zone, the grinding energy distribution form could be approximated to be triangular. However, the grinding energy distribution forms changed a little occurring workpiece burn. The wear behaviors of the grain cutting edges were observed by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and quantitatively evaluated in terms of attritious wear flat percentage. It is shown that the variation of the grinding energy distributions has an effect on the cutting edge wear characteristics.
Compensation Method for Tool Setting Errors Based on Non-Contact On-Machine Measurement
Authors: Xu Meng , Nakamoto Keiichi , Takeuchi Yoshimi ,   Tokyo University Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan,   Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
Published: January 2020

The high-accuracy manufacturing of optical requires highly integrated ultraprecision cutting technologies. However, all sorts of small errors adversely affect machining accuracy because of the miniaturization and complexity of objects. Among these errors, slight setting errors critically impact machining accuracy because it is difficult to place a cutting tool accurately on a ultraprecision machine tool. The authors have conducted multi-axis control ultraprecision cutting based on tool setting errors compensation. In this compensation method, the workpiece must be removed from the machine tool after test cutting to measure grooves to detect actual tool positions and to calculate setting errors. However, after the workpiece is removed, it cannot be perfectly replaced on a ultraprecision machine tool. This makes it difficult to automate setting errors compensation. In order to solve these problems, tool positioning must be detected without removing the workpiece. Therefore, in this study, a novel compensation method is developed by means of non-contact measurement with a laser imaging device. Furthermore, in order to improve compensation performance, a laser imaging device is calibrated on an ultraprecision machine tool. The proposed method enables direct detection of actual tool position and calculation of the tool centerpoint coordinate on the machine coordinate system. By modifying an NC program, the tool setting errors can be finally compensated. The feasibility of the proposed compensation method is verified by conducting experiments of creating grooves.
Relationship Between Fluid Properties and Bearing Stiffness in Water Hydrostatic Bearing
Authors: Sawano Hiroshi ,   School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
Published: January 2020

Hydrostatic bearings are important elements that directly affect machining accuracy in machine tools. Although hydrostatic bearings using water can reduce environmental influence compared with those using oil, they have low rigidity and damping properties. By investigating the properties of water used for working fluid of hydrostatic bearings, there is a possibility that the characteristics of hydrostatic bearings using water can be improved. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between the properties of water used as a working fluid of hydrostatic bearings and the characteristics of bearings was investigated. For this purpose, a hydrostatic bearing characteristics evaluation system using water was constructed. The characteristics of hydrostatic bearings were examined by varying the components and temperature of water. The experimental results show that the composition and temperature of working water affect the performance of water hydrostatic bearing.
Positioning Performance Evaluation for Light-Weight Rotary Stage CFRP Application
Authors: Kato Makoto , Kakinuma Yasuhiro , Shirakawa Yuki , Iijima Kazunori , Iwashita Yasusuke ,   Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan,   FANUC Corporation, Minamitsuru, Japan
Published: January 2020

New energy saving methods are required in the industrial sector to address global climate change and resource depletion. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) has attracted considerable attention as a structural material that can improve energy efficiency by weight reduction. The application of CFRP to machine tools has already been realized; however, the dynamic characteristics of the position control system for CFRP machine tools have not been investigated. In this study, the mechanical properties affecting the positioning performance were experimentally evaluated using a rotary stage that could be switched to different structural materials. This study can be useful as a guideline for position control systems and the mechanical design of a CFRP stage and contribute toward achieving higher energy efficiency.
Development of a Microprobing System for Side Wall Detection Based on Local Surface Interaction Force Detection
Authors: Ito So ,   Department of Intelligent Robotics, Toyama Prefectural University 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu-shi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan, Shima Yusuke , Kato Daichi , Matsumoto Kimihisa , Kamiya Kazuhide
Published: January 2020

This study proposes a novel microprobing system for the surface detection of the side wall of micrometric scale workpieces based on the detection of the local surface interaction force. A spherical tip-shaped glass capillary tube with a micrometric scale diameter was employed as a micro-stylus. To obtain a low measuring force, the local attractive interaction force on the surface of the workpieces was detected by the vibrating micro-stylus and used as the probing trigger signal. The vibration in the main axis direction of the stylus allowed detection of the local surface interaction force in all directions around the stylus shaft. In this paper, the principle and configuration of the developed microprobe are mentioned. Probing detections around the stylus shaft were verified by the surface detection of a pin gauge. Repeatability of the probing by the developed microprobing system was evaluated.
Using Textured-DLC Coating to Improve the Wear Resistance of Stainless Steel Plate Under Dust-Containing Lubricant Condition
Authors: Osawa Takuya , Matsuo Makoto , Eyama Yuya , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Tanaka Shinji , Kikuchi Masao , Hirata Yuki , Akasaka Hiroki , Ohtake Naoto ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan,   Komatsu Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
Published: January 2020

Sliding mechanical parts working under heavy loads and at high speeds in harsh environments are often subjected to sand and dust, leading to abnormal wear and seizing. Although sliding surfaces can be hardened and textured, there is a need for even higher wear and seizure resistance. We therefore did this study to confirm the trapping effect of surface texturing on dust by finding a way to visualize the dust. As a result, we confirmed that the dust became trapped in the grooves of the texture during the sliding. In addition, to produce a sliding surface having both seizure and wear resistance, we produced a surface combining a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film and surface texturing, and we evaluated its tribological characteristics. In dusty conditions, the specific wear rate was about 1/20 on surfaces where DLC film and the surface texturing were used in conjunction, and its wear resistance was higher than that of a non-treated stainless steel substrate. On the other hand, a rise in the coefficient of friction due to a rise in contact stress on the corners of the texturing grooves was confirmed. Therefore, when the tribological characteristics were evaluated by changing the radii of the groove corners and the parameters of the groove depth, the coefficient of friction was the lowest, decreasing about 50% for the test sample with a corner radius of 7.1 μm.
Mitigation of Channel Clogging in a Microfluidic Device for Capturing Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Konishi Tomoki , Jingu Yuki , Yoshizawa Tatsuya , Irita Masaru , Suzuki Toshihiro , Hayase Masanori ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 277-0034, Japan,   General Medical Education and Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
Published: January 2020

Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) based microfluidic devices have been developed for capturing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the peripheral blood. There was frequent and problematic channel clogging around the micro-post array formed on a microchannel of the device. In this study, various agents were dispersed into the blood specimen to avoid clogging. At first, platelet aggregation was considered to be the cause of the clogging, but even plasmin, which was assumed to decompose platelet aggregations, did not show obvious inhibition of the clogging. Then, enzymes used for cell detachment from tissue were examined and decomposition of the clogging residue was observed. Finally, dispersion of deoxyribonuclease into a blood specimen was found to be effective for the inhibition of clogging. The existence of DNA in the clogging residue was also confirmed by propidium iodide (PI) staining, suggesting DNA adhering to the micro-post.
A Puncturing Device that Mimics the Mechanism of Mosquito’s Proboscis and Labium - Verification of the Effect of Skin Deformation / Needle Buckling Prevention Mechanism and Puncture Experiment on Artificial Skin and Experimental Animals –
Authors: Yamamoto Shunki , Aoyagi Seiji , Yamada Masahiro , Takahashi Tomokazu , Suzuki Masato , Nagashima Toshio , Kunugi Atsushi , Chiyonobu Makoto , Kuroiwa Takeshi , Hosomi Ryota , Fukunaga Kenji , Uta Daisuke , Takazawa Tomonori , Hikitsuchi Tomoyuki , Kawajiri Yumi , Nakayama Koji ,   Kansai University 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan,   Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan,   JSOL Corporation, Tokyo, Japan,   University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan,   Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan,   Dainihon Jochugiku Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes a mechanism for preventing needle buckling and skin deformation by mimicking the mosquito’s labium and discusses a puncturing device with a jig-integrated microneedle, based on the proposed mechanism. A sheet simplifying this mechanism was attached to an artificial skin’s surface, and experiments to puncture this artificial skin and corresponding finite element method (FEM) analysis were conducted. It was confirmed that the deformation of the puncture target and the puncture resistance force decreased with the use of the sheet. Based on these experimental and FEM-analytical results, a puncturing device with a jig-integrated needle has been designed and fabricated with 3D laser lithography. Experiments have been conducted with the fabricated device to puncture an artificial skin and the skin of a nude mouse to determine needle buckling prevention and the reduction in skin deformation. The study successfully samples blood from the mouse without stagnation of blood flow.
Utilization of Reluctance Electromagnetic Force of Inner-Mover-Type Rotary-Linear Motor
Authors: Osawa Fumiaki ,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Daido University 10-3 Takiharu-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457-8530, Japan
Published: January 2020

A multiple-degree-of-freedom (multi-DOF) motor can constitute small-sized and lightweight systems capable of performing complicated motions. Furthermore, the prospects for applications to industrial instruments via a direct drive are promising. This study aimed to develop practical multi-DOF motors capable of performing high-power rotary and linear motions using conventional three-phase inverters. A motor that performs rotary and linear motions is proposed. First, a method is presented for installing a salient pole on a needle with magnets. The method facilitates the use of soft magnetic materials with low eddy-current loss as iron cores. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the salient pole for increasing the electromagnetic force. The model is used to explain the interactive magnetic interference generated by the armature currents for rotational and translation motions.
Reconstruction of Fiqh Nusantara: Developing the Ijtihad Methodology in Formulating Fiqh from Indonesian Perspective
Authors: Kasdi Abdurrohman
Published: January 2020

Fiqh Nusantara which is relevant to Indonesian Muslims is Fiqh that is suitable for the personality and character of the Indonesian people so that it can meet their needs. The importance of taking Fiqh stipulations from the results of Ijtihad that is more in line with the needs of the Nusantara community makes Fiqh not rigid in applying it. Fiqh Nusantara exists to revive the Fiqh so that it can participate in shaping the directions and movements of Indonesian people’s lives. This article aims at analyzing the reconstruction of Fiqh Nusantara, by developing the methodology of Ijtihad (Process of legal reasoning in rationalizing law based on the Qur’an and Sunnah) to formulate Fiqh (Islamic law) that is compatible with Indonesian people. The research used qualitative methods with juridical-sociological approaches. The result of this research shows that Fiqh Nusantara evolves along with the introduction of Islam in Indonesia which is known as Nusantara at that time. The reconstruction of the Fiqh Nusantara is done by reinterpreting the Shara theorem contained in traditional Fiqh, by reading the conditions of the community to realize the objectives of Islamic law, while referring to the Mazhab (school of thought) and Ijtihad as an effort to solve problems that occur in Indonesia by considering local wisdom, traditions, or customs.
Tolerance Islam Theology of Education Hermeneutic Reading of Tariq Ramadan Thought
Authors: Qomaruzzaman Bambang , Busro B
Published: January 2020

The survey results on the intolerance of religion teachers in Indonesia signaled the need for the formulation of a more peaceful and tolerant Islamic theological education. This paper reads Ricoeur’s hermeneutics on Tariq Ramadan’s thoughts in formulating the tolerant Islamic education theology. There are three aspects of theology proposed by Tariq Ramadan, namely (1) educational activities are at the heart of Islamic theology, there is no faith without understanding and no understanding without education; (2) education is oriented to encourage individuals to gain religious experience that bears a commitment to participate in creating justice and social achievement; and (3) religious experience resulted from the education is transformed for the benefit of people through the implementation of education and tolerant dakwah (Islamic teachings). 
Reading Types of Islamic Fundamentalism in Lampung Province (A Study on Doctrine and Movement of Islamism at Lampung University)
Authors: Mustofa Imam , Enizar Enizar , Hadi Mukhtar , Irwansyah Dedi
Published: January 2020

Islamic fundamentalism is usually identified and associated with the Islamic radicalism movement. This Islamic fundamentalism doctrine and movement have prepared students to be their successors. Lampung University as the biggest university in Lampung cannot be separated as its target. This article attempts to investigate types of fundamentalism at Lampung University; the fundamentalism development at the university; and the responses of university and faculty members towards religious activities at the. This study was a result of qualitative research applying two data sources in the words of primary data source and secondary data source. The collecting data methods were documentation and interview. The interviews were intended to lecturer, staff, university activist, and student. The documentation was held by examining the literature correlated with religious practice. The collected data were analyzed by using content analysis. The analysis was conducted through plotting the study and practice of religion, and analyzing the pattern of the study, religion practice and the contextualization of within Islamic study of Indonesia. Based on the analysis, this study concluded that the right-leaning Islamic doctrine which usually called Islamic fundamentalism turning a finger to Lampung University was not oriented on radicalism movement. This movement developed seriously Islamic education. Fundamentalism at Lampung University, not only moved to the education sector (tarbiyah) but also came into political sectors (siyasah). Unfortunately, university lets them move, because of their active roles in Islamic education for students. Nevertheless, some groups responded to their movement by initiating to create a similar student unit, namely KMNU (the Family of Nahdatul Ulama Students). However, the existence of this organization has not given significant improvements towards religious practices and discourses at Lampung University.
Comparative Dynamic Seismic Analyses of RC Minarets Strengthened with FRP and Buttresses
Authors: TÜRKELİ Erdem
Published: January 2020

In recent earthquakes occurred in Turkey, an unexpected number of reinforced concrete (RC) minarets were heavily damaged or collapsed causing loss of lives and economic damages. These structures can be counted as the most common constructed slender structures in Turkey. Therefore, the detailed behavior of these slender structures should be determined in order to strengthen the existing ones and construct safer and stronger RC minarets. In this study, the most common constructed types of RC minarets were analyzed under 17 August 1999 Mw 7.4 Kocaeli Earthquake for the determination of the effectiveness of strengthening techniques namely fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) and buttresses. Also, soil-structure interaction (SSI) is included in the dynamic seismic analyses of the minarets as proposed by Burman et al. (2012). At the end of the analyses performed, it was determined that FRP strengthening is more effective in enhancing the seismic response of RC minarets as the height of the minaret increases when compared with the buttress strengthening. Also, the stress demand locations predicted from the dynamic seismic analyses of the representative minarets were found to be consistent with the damages observed in recent earthquakes.
Influence of Strontium on the Physical, Mechanical and In-Vitro Bioactivity of Glass Ionomer Cements
Authors: Li Yiyu
Published: January 2020

In this work, we investigated the effects of strontium incorporation in the glass phase of glass ionomer cements (GIC). Three different glass compositions were synthesized with 0, 5, and 10 mol% of SrO addition. GICs were prepared by the addition of 50 wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA) at powder to liquid ratio of 1:1.5. Initial characterization on the cement series was to study their rheological behavior. Cements represented working times between 50-64 seconds and setting times of 356-452 seconds. Rheological results indicated that the addition of strontium decreases the working and setting times of the cements. To analyze the mechanical properties, compressive and flexural strength studies were performed after 1, 10, and 30 days incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF). The compressive strength of the cements increased as a function of incubation time, with the strontium containing compositions showing the highest strength at 34 megapascal (MPa) and after 30 days of incubation. Biaxial flexural strength of the cements was not significantly affected by the composition and maturation time and ranged between 13.4 to 16.3 MPa. In-vitro bioactivity of the cements was analyzed using SBF trials and after 1, 10, and 30 days incubation periods. Strontium containing cements, showed higher solubility with higher amounts of calcium phosphate surface depositions only after 10 days incubation. The elemental identifications of the surface depositions indicated high amounts of Ca, P and Zn are present on the surface of SBF incubated samples.
Multiple Beneficial Effects of Using Biochar (as a Great Organic Material) on Tolerance and Productivity of Rice under Abiotic Stress
Authors: Anwari Gulaqa , Feng Jin , Alio Moussa Abdourazak
Published: January 2020

Rice as a sensitive crop that usually affected by many harmful environmental stresses. Numerous policies are followed to increase plant growth-tolerance under abiotic-stresses in various plant species. The attempts to improve crop tolerance against abiotic stresses via common breeding method are needed to follow a long-term, and may also be non-affordable, these are due to the existing genetic variability of the plant. Current review analysis existing knowledge gaps, challenges, and opportunities in the biochar application as a beneficial and pyrogenic-C, material. Consequently, a review of the literature with a high focusing on the multiple beneficial effects of using biochar on tolerance and productivity of rice in abiotic stresses is needed. This review provides a summary of those efforts that would be beneficial in reducing inconvenienced abiotic-stresses, and also how using biochar could increase rice tolerance and production through the supporting of plant growth regulator's roles. Accordantly, present review findings showed that biochar is a great amendment and consisting of principally organic rich-C matter, which has multiple benefits on improving soil physicochemical and biological properties as well as increasing rice tolerance and its productivity through enhancing plant hormones roles under abiotic stressed conditions (heat/cold temperature, drought, salinity, heavy metal, and climate change stresses). Nevertheless, it is anticipated that further researches on the benefits of biochar will increase the comprehension of interactions between biochar and plant growth hormones, to accelerate our attempts for improving rice tolerance and productivity, under abiotic-stress conditions.
Young Farmers’ Knowledge And Technical Practice On Developing Agribusiness Based On Parents’ Occupation
Authors: Widhiningsih Diah Fitria
Published: January 2020

In family, parents act as facilitator who assist their children towards success. It can be seen in farm family while parents are taking part in decision making or giving suggestion on when to start planting crops. However, it is doubtful whether young farmers from non-farm family will experience the same opportunity. Therefore, this research aimed at understanding the different characters of young farmers whose parents work as farmers and non-farmers including their knowledge and technical practice on on-farm activity. This quantitative study was conducted in Prambanan and Kalasan Subdistrict, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta.  Selected through census, 42 young farmers were interviewed based on questionnaire. The data were analysed by using non-parametric analysis because of the data normality and Kolmogorov Smirnov’s analysis was implemented due to the objectives of this study. The result of analysis indicates that young farmers’ knowledge from different family background is also different. Young farmers from farm family have high knowledge on local wisdom in their organic farming. Furthermore, they are also socialized with more social networks. Their applied knowledge is better due to their experience and facility support. On the other hand, both young farmers who come from farm family and non-farm family do not perform different behaviour on their on-farm practice. New media including social media and social learning appear as the main additional support besides parents which can minimize the gap of practical skills among them. Collaboration on farmer group and extension workers’ role can be an alternative to develop young farmers’ knowledge and skills.
Farmers’ Willingness to Accept a Compensation to Protect Agricultural Land Sustainability in Peri-Urban Areas of Pekalongan City
Authors: Prasada Imade Yoga , Masyhuri Masyhuri
Published: January 2020

Agricultural land is a land that has a relatively low rental value, so agricultural land is very vulnerable to be converted. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim 1) to know farmers’ willingness to accept a compensation to protect agricultural land sustainability, 2) to know the factors that influence farmers' willingness to accept / reject WTA, and 3) to know the factors that influence the WTA value of farmers’ in the peri-urban areas. The study was conducted in the peri-urban areas of Pekalongan City. The research respondents were 90 farmer owners and cultivators. The research data was analyzed by using Heckman's two-stage model. The results showed that farmers’ WTA in the peri-urban areas of Pekalongan City amounted to IDR 7,217,827.27 per year. Factors that influence farmers’ willingness to accept or reject compensation are the distance of the agricultural land to the main road and farmers' perceptions toward the sustainability of agricultural land in the peri-urban areas. Factors that influence the number of farmers’ WTA to be willing to protect the agricultural land in the peri-urban areas of Pekalongan City are farmers’ farm income and farming experience of the farmers. Sustainability of agricultural land in the suburbs of Pekalongan City can be maintained by taking into account the facilities and infrastructure needed by farmers who own agricultural land both far and close to the main road, increasing farmers' perceptions of the sustainability of agricultural land, increasing farm income and reducing the risk of farming production.
How Risk Attitudes Affect the Implementation of Good Agricultural Practices in Sugarcane Farming
Authors: Astari Annisa Fauzia , Irham Irham , Utami Arini Wahyu
Published: January 2020

Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture issued Minister of Agriculture Regulations Number 53 in 2015 about Good Agricultural Practices for Sugarcane as an effort to increase production and productivity of sugarcane. The implementation of GAP on various commodities was differ since risk across commodities and risk attitude among farmers are varied. Hence, this study aims to analyze (1) the implementation level of Sugarcane GAP among farmers of the Wonolangan Sugar factory and (2) the influence of risk attitudes toward GAP implementation. The study was conducted on 102 randomly-selected farmers in Lumajang and Probolinggo Regency. The level of GAP implementation is measured by Likert scale with nine indicators of Sugarcane GAP. The level of GAP implementation is categorized into low, medium, and high based on the total score of GAP implementation obtained from each farmer. One-sample t-test is used to test the implementation level of GAP. Risk attitudes are measured with a Likert scale, as refers to Pennings and Garcia method. The influence of risk attitudes towards GAP implementation is analyzed using OLS regression. The result of t-test shows that the level of GAP implementation among sugarcane farmers is medium and high, and most farmers are risk-averse. Of the nine components used as indicators, seed preparation and labor welfare are in the medium category. Based on the OLS regression, risk-taker farmers have a lower GAP implementation than that of risk-averse farmers. Farmers' lack of knowledge about GAP guidelines, can be supported by the presence of socialization activities by sugar factories, extension workers, and related institutions.
Pengaruh Proses Swelling dengan Supercritical Gas CO2 terhadap Penurunan Energi Ikatan Senyawa Hidrokarbon Vacuum Residue
Authors: Ansyory Deby , Utami Aditya Retno , Haryati Sri , Bustan Muhammad Djoni
Published: January 2020

The present study aims to develop technology to utilize a vacuum residue by reducing its density, viscosity and energy bonding, using a batch reactor equipped with CO2 injection gas in the form of a swelling process. The study was conducted by applying temperature varied between 60 and 100 °C and CO2 flux pressure varied between 1 and 5 MPa, respectively. The study of applying temperature and CO2 flux pressure are used to decrease the bond energy of hydrocarbon compounds in the form of solid vacuum residue. Furthermore, a series of reaction time was carried out started in the range of 10-30 minutes to obtain the optimum reaction time. The result showed that at temperature of 100°C, pressure of 5 MPa and variation of time, the density, viscosity, and  decrease in energy bonding (ΔG) were in the range of 0.919-0.902 g/cm3, 495-166 cSt, and 8.627–6.436 J.s, respectively. A B S T R A KPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan teknologi pemanfaatan vacuum residue dengan mengurangi densitas, viskositas dan energi ikatan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan reaktor batch yang dilengkapi dengan gas injeksi CO2 dalam bentuk proses swelling. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menerapkan variasi temperatur  antara 60-100 °C dan tekanan fluks CO2 bervariasi antara 1-5 MPa. Rentang temperatur dan tekanan fluks CO2 yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengurangi energi ikatan senyawa hidrokarbon dalam bentuk padatan vacuum residue. Selanjutnya, serangkaian waktu reaksi dilakukan mulai dari 10, 15, 20, 25, dan 30 menit untuk mendapatkan waktu reaksi yang optimum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada temperatur konstan (100 °C), tekanan konstan (5 MPa) dan variasi waktu diperoleh penurunan densitas (0,919–0,902 g/cm3), viskositas (495-166 cSt), dan penurunan energi ikatan (ΔG) menjadi 8,627–6,436 Js.
Student Choice and Social Mobility through Institutional Policy: An Examination of Loan Repayment Assistance Programs
Authors: McNaughtan Jon L. , Brower Margaret T. , Overton Betty
Published: January 2020

The cost of higher education continues to rise, forcing many students to seek financial support to pursue their education. Many countries have utilized national systems of student aid to help mitigate the increasing costs. However, these financial aid systems often lead to significant student debt. Guided by restrained choice theory, this study analyzes innovative institution-level policies in the United States called Loan Repayment Assistance Programs (LRAPs), and provides insight into how these policies affect traditionally disadvantaged students’ choice to enroll in a university. Findings suggest that disadvantaged students, specifically first-generation students, are more cognizant and have a better understanding of innovative financial policies (e.g., LRAPs), and the use of such programs could increase student choice and retention, based on their subsequent enrollment satisfaction.
Depois do filme, de Aderbal Freire-Filho
Authors: Pessoa Patrick
Published: January 2020

O artigo apresenta uma crítica imanente da peça "Depois do filme", de Aderbal Freire-Filho, estabelecendo relações entre os elementos da encenação e as ideias de Paul Lafargue, dos pré-socráticos e de Machado de Assis.
Wagner e o tempo
Authors: Vieira Vladimir
Published: January 2020

Esse artigo analisa duas leituras distintas do Anel do Nibelungo, de Richard Wagner: o projeto denominado Colón-Ring, que terá lugar em Buenos Aires em 2012, e a encenação de A valquíria a cargo de André Heller-Lopes que ocupou o palco do Theatro Municipal de São Paulo em novembro de 2011. Meu objetivo consiste em explorar a dimensão filosófica da obra wagneriana, mostrando como o libretto do Anel pode ser interpretado a partir de uma postura crítica em relação à Modernidade que ocupou diferentes pensadores desde a segunda metade do século XVIII, especialmente no contexto da estética alemã. Segundo meu ponto de vista, é essa compreensão, em última análise, que orienta a montagem de Heller Lopes.
Sócrates, a criança irônica (Tieck, Schlegel, Novalis)
Authors: Freitas Romero
Published: January 2020

O artigo pretende mostrar como a chamada “ironia socrática” desempenha papel central nas obras literárias e filosóficas de Schlegel, Tieck e Novalis.
“Eu cometi o ato”: sobre o trágico no Macbeth de Shakespeare
Authors: Fellows Theo
Published: January 2020

Tendo como base interpretativa as formulações do conceito de tragicidade, desenvolvidas pelo idealismo alemão a partir de Schelling, este ensaio pretende estender uma ponte entre os desdobramentos filosóficos deste conceito e as suas manifestações na tragédia propriamente dita. Isto significa não somente compreender como o trágico, conceito filosófico, estabelece suas origens na obra de arte tragédia, mas também a possibilidade da própria obra ser tomada como objeto para o pensamento. Saindo das tragédias gregas, que serviram de base para a construção da filosofia do trágico no idealismo alemão, tomamos uma tragédia shakespeariana como referência, no intuito de explorar novas formas de tragicidade ainda não profundamente investigadas pela filosofia.
Desartificação da arte e construtos estético-sociais
Authors: Duarte Rodrigo
Published: January 2020

Este artigo pretende examinar a relação entre a concepção de desartificação (Entkunstung), de Theodor Adorno, e a minha própria noção de “construto estético-social”. A primeira se refere à situação da arte numa época dominada pela indústria cultural e suas mercadorias, na qual, sob certas circunstâncias, os próprios artistas reduzem sua expressão a uma estrutura mínima a fim de prevenir as ameaças à sua arte por parte do “mundo administrado” (Adorno). Já o conceito de “construto estético-social é uma tentativa de compreender alguns fenômenos estéticos contemporâneos que apresentam, por um lado, traços de mercadorias culturais, já que renunciam à complexidade formal das obras de arte propriamente ditas e são – pelo menos parcialmente – veiculados por típicos meios de massa; por outro lado, eles não se enquadram totalmente na categoria de mercadoria cultural, uma vez que apresentam aspectos críticos à sociedade tardo-capitalista e são ligados a ações políticas originadas em comunidades muito pobres, que se entendem a si mesmas como dispostas a transformar aquela sociedade. Fenômenos que se enquadram na descrição de “construtos estético-sociais” podem ser encontrados, por exemplo, na cultura hip hop. A conclusão preliminar a que se chega é que, apesar de a arte desertificada e os “construtos estético-sociais” não serem exatamente a mesma coisa, há uma ligação subterrânea entre essas duas concepções, uma vez que ambas operam – de modo mais ou menos intencional – uma redução na forma de sua expressão a fim de fazer frente às exigências de uma cultura contemporânea autêntica.
Notas sobre unidade e pluralismo na arte segundo Theodor Adorno
Authors: Pozzer Sara
Published: January 2020

O artigo analisa o texto de Rodrigo Duarte: "Desartificação [Entkunstung] da arte e construtos estéticos sociais", principalmente, o conceito de "desartificação" [Entkunstung], presente na estética de Adorno. Mostraremos que apesar do conceito de arte adorniano incluir formas não convencionais da arte, o pluralismo não exclui a unidade do conceito.
Corações a nu: coragem da verdade, arte moderna e cinismo em Baudelaire, segundo Foucault
Authors: Chaves Ernani
Published: January 2020

No seu último curso ministrado no Collège de France, A coragem da verdade (1984), Foucault afirma que o cinismo antigo é a expressão maior da “parrêsia”, do “franco falar”. Esta característica reaparece em pelo menos três momentos históricos posteriores: no ascetismo cristão medieval, no revolucionário dos séculos XVII e XVIII, assim como na figura do artista moderno, própria ao século XIX. O objetivo deste artigo é então o de tentar compreender a referência a Baudelaire entre esses artistas modernos, que constituem esse retorno do cinismo. Para isso, procuramos mostrar em que medida a aproximação de Baudelaire implicou, para Foucault, seu afastamento em relação a Sade.
Filosofia brasileira?
Authors: Kangussu Imaculada
Published: January 2020

Como o tema proposto para nosso encontro deste ano foi “Brasil”, proponho discutirmos a possibilidade (e também seu contrário) de pensarmos uma filosofia brasileira. Assim como existe um modo bastante próprio de abordar as questões filosóficas em alguns países, o que nos leva a conceber – através das diferenças evidentes – a existência de uma filosofia francesa, de uma filosofia alemã, inglesa, italiana, e, depois da globalização, de uma filosofia japonesa, árabe, e de outras nações cujas culturas são distintas da judaico-cristã; parece-me pertinente a questão: as singularidades de nosso pais podem produzir um pensamento original ao ponto de configurar um pensamento filosófico brasileiro? E ainda, encontramo-nos capazes, com nossa formação filosófica, de sermos intérpretes do Brasil?
Um tutu de feijão vale bem um quadro de Picasso
Authors: Barros Fernando
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo visa a comentar o texto “Filosofia brasileira?”, de Imaculada Kangussu. Passando em revista temas tais como “identidade nacional” e “pensamento brasileiro”, mas sem se deixar enredar na malhas do relativismo cultural ou nos não-ditos da suspensão dialética, o rico trabalho que se nos ofereceu à leitura desponta como uma oportunidade ímpar para pensar as representações teórico-especulativas que nos constituem, e todas concorrendo para compreender a pergunta: “as singularidades de nosso país podem produzir um pensamento original ao ponto de configurar um ‘modo de pensar’ brasileiro”?
Estética da arquitetura, Kant e Niemeyer: aproximações em investigação
Authors: Gally Miguel
Published: January 2020

Este artigo propõe uma investigação de algumas obras (de arte) arquitetonicamente, ou seja, espacialmente, levando em conta seu desenho e seu caráter público. Assim, não fundaremos tal análise, por exemplo, no diálogo que tais obras realizam com uma história dos estilos arquitetônicos. Trata-se de um exercício de pensamento partindo da estética crítica do belo tal como Kant a desenvolve e da ontologia dos significados incorporados tal como Arthur Danto a concebe. A aproximação em questão, portanto, se dará entre um arquiteto pensador – Oscar Niemeyer – e um pensador (esteta) da arte – Immanuel Kant – para os quais a liberdade é condição da vida dos homens e não apenas da estética, da arte ou da arquitetura.
Sobre a possibilidade de uma filosofia da arquitetura: Um diálogo crítico com o ensaio de Miguel Gally
Authors: Gonçalves Márcia
Published: January 2020

O objetivo deste ensaio é levantar a questão sobre a possibilidade de uma filosofia da arquitetura, por meio de um diálogo com o texto de Miguel Gally, que relaciona a teoria estética de Kant com a obra arquitetônica de Oscar Niemeyer. Uma das principais questões levantadas aqui é da pretensão de abstrair uma obra de arte de seu contexto histórico, e, mais especificamente, de abstrair da concepção de uma obra de arte arquitetônica a sua temporalidade. Adotando uma perspectiva dialética para a compreensão da relação entre os elementos contraditórios constitutivos de toda obra de arte (matéria e forma, natureza e espirito, finito e infinito), este ensaio pretende contribuir criticamente para a tese da liberdade tanto da criação quanto da interpretação da obra de arte, defendida também por Miguel Gally, ainda que sob uma perspectiva contrária.
Niemeyer e as ideias estéticas
Authors: Vieira Vladimir
Published: January 2020

O objetivo desse texto é discutir o artigo “Estética da arquitetura, Kant e Niemeyer: aproximações em investigação”, de Miguel Gally. Meu comentário ressalta o papel que a noção kantiana de ideia de estética desempenha para leitura proposta por Gally, e considera possivéis incongruências da obra do filósofo, bem como problemas mais gerais que podem ser suscitados pela abordagem escolhida para tratar da obra de Oscar Niemeyer.
Da estética ao terrorismo: Agamben, entre Nietzsche e Heidegger
Authors: Oliveira Cláudio
Published: January 2020

O artigo tenta demonstrar que, em seu primeiro livro, O homem sem conteúdo, Giorgio Agamben se move entre a ideia heideggeriana de uma destruição da estética e a ideia nietzschiana de uma destruição da estética do expectador. O artigo mostra como Agamben reduz estas duas ideias, que na origem são distintas, em uma única e mesma ideia. O artigo tenta ainda demonstrar como Agamben, partindo dessa discussão com Nietzsche e Heidegger, chega a uma ideia própria da arte, em nosso tempo, como possuindo um caráter terrorista.