bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inward Internationalization
Authors: Moreira António Carrizo , Ferreira Luis Miguel D. F. , Freitas da Silva Pedro Miguel
Published: March 2018

The existing literature on internationalization and purchasing is vast; however, the inward internationalization perspective is an under-researched topic. In this chapter, the authors review the literature on internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to understand the main reasons behind international purchasing and the role of experience on internationalization. Using a survey and descriptive statistics, the results from 56 respondents show that SMEs source from a small number of countries and hold those relationships for several years. The main reasons underlying international purchases are lower prices and better product quality, regardless of goods availability on the domestic market. This chapter has some limitations concerning its exploratory nature, pertaining to its sample size. Some future research avenues are presented such as a deeper look on how internationalization processes differ when SMEs begin their activity by inward rather than by outward activities.
Smart City Based on MQTT Using Wireless Sensors
Authors: Patel Monika Bharatbhai , Bhatt Chintan M. , Vahdat-Nejad Hamed , Patel Hardik B.
Published: March 2018

The internet of things can involve a huge number of connected devices and sensors for the betterment of our lives and businesses. Sensors are the main part of IoT. The main target of this chapter is to develop an IoT-based information observing system for specific areas like home, cities, industries, hospitals, etc. In this system, the environmental data of different elements, for example, temperature, humidity, pressure, should screen and get a redesign with a particular time interval. The authors use Raspberry Pi 3 and MQTT to observe information over a remote area and get an update with it anyplace in the world. They transmit the environmental data to the cloud server sent by Raspberry Pi 3. There, the authors can monitor data in both modes (online and offline).
The Sojourner's Return
Authors: Attah Dzifa A. , Boafo-Arthur Susan , Boafo-Arthur Ama
Published: March 2018

Thousands of students are participating in study abroad programs, which is a major decision that could alter the life of a student and shape his/her future. It is important, therefore, to carefully weigh the options that come with being an international student. This chapter explores the history of study abroad, students' study abroad experiences, and the benefits of these programs. Study abroad benefits include personal growth, intercultural development, and career attainment. Educators consistently assert that a significant part of the studying abroad experience is training future global leaders to be more effective and efficient, respecting the diversities of people and cultures, including political and economic systems, and the willingness to take a stand for the world's welfare. Following this, the re-entry experiences of students who return to their home countries at the end of their studies are examined with respect to the physical, social, and psychological risks that student returnees are faced with.
Artificial Odour Classification System
Authors: Mahat Nor Idayu , Masnan Maz Jamilah , Shakaff Ali Yeon Md , Zakaria Ammar , Kadir Muhd Khairulzaman Abdul
Published: March 2018

This chapter overviews the issue of multicollinearity in electronic nose (e-nose) classification and investigates some analytical solutions to deal with the problem. Multicollinearity effect may harm classification analysis from producing good parameters estimate during the construction of the classification rule. The common approach to deal with multicollinearity is feature extraction. However, the criterion used in extracting the raw features based on variances may not be appropriate for the ultimate goal of classification accuracy. Alternatively, feature selection method would be advisable as it chooses only valuable features. Two distance-based criteria in determining the right features for classification purposes, Wilk's Lambda and bounded Mahalanobis distance, are applied. Classification with features determined by bounded Mahalanobis distance statistically performs better than Wilk's Lambda. This chapter suggests that classification of e-nose with feature selection is a good choice to limit the cost of experiments and maintain good classification performance.
Fluorescence Quenching Sensor Arrays for the Discrimination of Nitroaromatic Vapors
Authors: Bolse Nico , Habermehl Anne , Eschenbaum Carsten , Lemmer Uli
Published: March 2018

Fluorescence quenching is a promising technique for chemical sensing applications such as the detection of explosive trace vapors. Nitroaromatic explosives are one of the primary targets for this approach enabling ultra-low detection limits down to sub parts-per-billion in air. Many studies, however, focus on enhanced sensor sensitivity, whereas practical applications often require the identification and quantification of detected species. Electronic noses and efficient sensor systems are a promising solution to address this challenge. The authors review recent approaches and trends for explosive trace vapor detection and discuss theoretical concepts for fluorescence quenching as well as target analytes, sensor materials, and fabrication techniques. Statistical learning techniques such as principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis, sensor systems, and camera-based read-out strategies are in the focus of the chapter. The authors conclude with recommendations and solutions for the elaborated challenges and with visions on future research directions.
Correlating Electronic Nose and Field Olfactometer for Industrial Odor Concentration Measurement Using PLS and MLR
Authors: Deshmukh Sharvari , Bhattacharyya Nabarun , Jana Arun , Bandyopadhyay Rajib , Pandey R. A.
Published: March 2018

Industrial odor concentration measurement in continuous mode is a challenging task using olfactometers, as it's expensive and requires human involvement for a prolonged time. This chapter presents the development of an indigenous metal oxide sensor-based electronic nose system for measurement of industrial odor in ou/m3. The results of electronic nose and field olfactometer were correlated using multilinear regression and partial least square regression techniques. The results showed satisfactory prediction by both the models, with RMSE (6.70, and 4.02), RAE (0.29 and 0.16), and NAE (0.89 and 0.96), respectively, for MLR and PLS. The results indicated better performance of PLS compared to MLR. The objective of the present work is to train and employ artificial olfaction system for continuous measurement of obnoxious emissions emitted from industries bypassing involvement of olfactometer.
Application of Electronic Nose to Ambient Air Quality Evaluation With Respect to Odour Nuisance in Vicinity of Municipal Landfills and Sewage Treatment
Authors: Gębicki Jacek , Szulczyński Bartosz , Byliński Hubert , Kolasińska Paulina , Dymerski Tomasz , Namieśnik Jacek
Published: March 2018

This chapter contains information about application of the electronic nose type instruments to evaluation of ambient air odour quality connected with such sectors of human activity as municipal landfills or sewage treatment plants. The authors present potential sources of emission from these sectors, characterize the chemical compounds responsible for presence of unpleasant odours, describe the influence of those compounds on human health and related discomfort. Legal aspects pertaining to admissible odour concentration levels in selected countries are also presented. The chapter describes instrumental and sensory methods utilized for determination of odour concentration, odour intensity, or hedonic quality. The chemical sensors potentially and currently employed in the electronic nose type devices are also characterized. Moreover, the future prospects of application of the electronic nose instruments to evaluation of ambient air with respect to odour nuisance are discussed.
Integrating Smell Sense in Robots Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Albastaki Yousif Abdullatif , Albalooshi Fatema
Published: March 2018

One of the approaches to mimic the remarkable abilities of the human olfactory system is by the design of computer-controlled sensor arrays that are capable of detecting and distinguishing a different range of smells and odors with consistent monitoring, referred to as electronic noses. This chapter introduces the opportunity of integrating smell sense in robots by the use of artificial neural networks. The study proposes a structure for integrating electronic noses in robots to add the capabilities of smell-related assignments, typically to recognize hazardous substances such as sampling the air and decide its actions based on this information. Utilizing the proposed algorithm allows experts in this field to be aware of gas leakage areas and thus reduce unexpected incidences. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated using real-world samples, and the performance is examined via quantitative metrics and analysis. The results show that the proposed algorithmic framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods with an error rate of only 0.0999%.
Design of Low Order Controllers for Decoupled MIMO Systems With Time Response Specifications
Authors: Ben Hariz Maher , Chagra Wassila , Bouani Faouzi
Published: March 2018

The design of a low order controller for decoupled MIMO systems is proposed. The main objective of this controller is to guarantee some closed loop time response performances such as the settling time and the overshoot. The controller parameters are obtained by resolving a non-convex optimization problem. In order to obtain an optimal solution, the use of a global optimization method is suggested. In this chapter, the proposed solution is the GGP method. The principle of this method consists of transforming a non-convex optimization problem to a convex one by some mathematical transformations. So as to accomplish the fixed goal, it is imperative to decouple the coupled MIMO systems. To approve the controllers' design method, the synthesis of fixed low order controller for decoupled TITO systems is presented firstly. Then, this design method is generalized in the case of MIMO systems. Simulation results and a comparison study between the presented approach and a PI controller are given in order to show the efficiency of the proposed controller. It is remarkable that the obtained solution meets the desired closed loop time specifications for each system output. It is also noted that by considering the proposed approach the user can fix the desired closed loop performances for each output independently.
Logistics Improvement by Investment in Information Technology Using System Dynamics
Authors: Jhawar Amrita , Garg S. K.
Published: March 2018

In this era of globalization, adoption of information technology (IT) is one of the critical contributing factors of logistics companies' competitiveness and growth. This chapter investigates the investment in IT by an Indian-based logistics company on the logistics performance. Technologies like RFID, EDI, GPS/GIS, and ERP are chosen for improving processes like tracking and tracing, planning and forecasting, transportation automation, coordination with suppliers and customers, and decision optimization. Simulations are carried out using system dynamics modelling. The model is validated and sensitivity analysis is performed. Scenarios are generated under optimistic and pessimistic conditions.
Re-Conceptualizing Smallholders' Food Security Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Oyo Benedict , Kalema Billy Mathias , Guma Isdore Paterson
Published: March 2018

Smallholder African systems operate in harsh environments of climate changes, resource scarcity, environmental degradation, market failures, and weak public and/or donor support. The smallholders must therefore be prepared to survive by self-provisioning. This chapter examines the nature of vulnerability of smallholders' food security caused by above conditions in the context of system dynamics modelling. The results show that smallholders co-exist whereby the non-resilient households offer labor to the resilient households for survival during turbulent seasons irrespective of the magnitude of external shocks and stressors. In addition, non-resilient households cannot be liberated by external handouts but rather through building their capacity for self-reliance. Using simulation evidence, this chapter supports the claim that in the next decade only resilient households will endure the extreme situations highlighted above. Future research that employs similar systems-based methods are encouraged to explore how long-term food security among smallholders can be sustained.
Geographical Information System in Eco-Tourism
Authors: Wahab Ishrat Nasreen , Soonthodu Sachin
Published: March 2018

Interest of the local population is an important consideration for sustainable development of a region. Researchers recently observed in their studies about the benefits the local population get while being involved in eco-tourism. Though many factors are considered to know how locals are benefited by eco-tourism, an interesting factor to be dealt with utmost care and concern is environmental and ecological issues arising out of these growth factors. All the possible technologies of computer application may be used to maximise the end needs of this specialised subject. One such application is GIS (geographical information system), which can be of great help in this concept. The GIS applications are recently used in the management of parks, facilities management, assessment of visual resources, and new areas identification for new tourism development initiatives.
The Relationship Between the Geographical Information Systems and Rural Development
Authors: Çeken Hüseyin , Yılmaz Emine
Published: March 2018

Geographical data systems (GIS), which enable the creation of entities that are the subject of tourism, tourism planning, the identification of impact areas of tourism values, and the sustainable utilization of tourism entities, are data-collection and decision-making systems that can contribute to tourism planning and the development of tourism Recently, tourists' interests have shifted from sea-, sand-, and sun-focused tourism to alternative tourism types; one of which is rural tourism. With rural tourism, it is expected that economical and socio-cultural opportunities for people who live in rural areas can be improved. The realization of this provides the concept of rural development. Today, in Turkey, 36.40% of the whole population still live in rural areas and agricultural activities are the most important income sources. Therefore, it is possible to investigate rural tourism and rural development in the Turkish context. This chapter deals with suggestions in terms of rural tourism and rural development by using GIS.
A Survey of Recommender Systems and Geographical Recommendation Techniques
Authors: Soliman Khaled , Mahmood Mahmood A. , El Azab Ahmed , Hefny Hesham Ahmed
Published: March 2018

Advancement of location-acquisition technologies with fast development of mobile devices and wireless communication caused a revolution of information. It has been used in location-based social networks (LBSNs), has attracted millions of users to Facebook places, Gowalla, and Foursquare, is an important task to make location recommendations to users, and utilizes user preferences and other information that not only help users explore new places but also make LBSNs more attractive to users. This chapter discusses recommender systems (RS) and its application in different fields like LBSN, big data, and real life. It describes traditional recommendation approaches as well as modern approaches and explains smart community as one of powerful techniques to be used. It also introduces the state-of-art geographical techniques and presents a comparative study of recommendation techniques that can be served as a good guide and a roadmap for research and practice in this area. Finally, the authors discuss measurements and the limitations of RS.
Enhancing the Brain and the Ethics of Sport
Authors: Perez-Trivino Jose-Luis
Published: March 2018

Doping, or in more morally neutral terms, enhancement, has always been present in sport practice and not only at the present time, which is marked by professionalism and competitiveness. The latest development in doping seems linked to biotechnological advances, and one of the techniques that will apparently be particularly important in the near future is neuroscience, notably through pharmacological enhancers and transcranial stimulators. These devices promise to improve not only physiological aspects in sport performance, but also mental and emotional ones. On the other hand, they can seriously affect sport ethics insofar as they can be economically accessible to professional and amateur athletes. This chapter explores these issues.
Surgeon, Media, Society, Patient
Authors: Lunceford Brett
Published: March 2018

For many, cosmetic surgery holds the promise that one can reshape his or her body to remove perceived defects and thus have a more perfect body. However, the decision to undergo elective cosmetic surgery is not made in a vacuum, and it is easy to overlook the full range of ethical considerations surrounding cosmetic surgery. Many medical ethicists subscribe to an ethical code that centers mainly on the relationship between the doctor and patient, with a focus on respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. This chapter builds on this framework by extending the scope of actors to include not only the surgeon and the patient but also the media and the overall society. To illustrate this framework, the author uses the example of actress Heidi Montag, who underwent 10 different plastic surgery procedures in one day. The chapter concludes with a discussion of potential correctives for ethical failures in each of these areas.
Encouraging Digital Civility
Authors: Beauchere Jacqueline F.
Published: March 2018

The internet, the landmark invention of our lifetime, has brought us great benefit, but along with it, risk and antisocial behavior, including online bullying, hate speech, extremist content, and other ills. Prevention lies in promoting digital citizenship—safe, responsible, and appropriate use of technology and services—and a newer concept, digital civility—online interactions rooted in empathy, respect, and kindness. And, while no one entity can combat these issues alone, internet companies can play their part, as exemplified by the robust tools and resources offered by Microsoft and others. A collective focus, however, is needed to help raise awareness and change behavior, and the responsibility must be shared among the technology industry and government policy makers as well as everyone who uses the internet, including parents and caregivers, educators, and young people. This chapter explores these ideas.
Algorithms vs. Hive Minds
Authors: Searle Rick
Published: March 2018

From the time of its emergence onto the public scene, the internet has been understood in light of both its dystopian potential for total surveillance and control and its utopian possibilities to enable enhanced forms of freedom. The reality has proven far more complicated with the internet having both helped to weaken institutions and strengthened new forms of authoritarian populism. This chapter argues that these two potentials are deeply interconnected and that the long-term sustainability of democracy requires that we understand and address the connections between our fears and hopes regarding the internet's future.
True Color Image Segmentation Using Quantum-Induced Modified-Genetic-Algorithm-Based FCM Algorithm
Authors: Das Sunanda , De Sourav , Bhattacharyya Siddhartha
Published: March 2018

In this chapter, a quantum-induced modified-genetic-algorithm-based FCM clustering approach is proposed for true color image segmentation. This approach brings down the early convergence problem of FCM to local minima point, increases efficacy of conventional genetic algorithm, and decreases the computational cost and execution time. Effectiveness of genetic algorithm is tumid by modifying some features in population initialization and crossover section. To speed up the execution time as well as make it cost effective and also to get more optimized class levels some quantum computing phenomena like qubit, superposition, entanglement, quantum rotation gate are induced to modified genetic algorithm. Class levels which are yield now fed to FCM as initial input class levels; thus, the ultimate segmented results are formed. Efficiency of proposed method are compared with classical modified-genetic-algorithm-based FCM and conventional FCM based on some standard statistical measures.
Grayscale Image Segmentation With Quantum-Inspired Multilayer Self-Organizing Neural Network Architecture Endorsed by Context Sensitive Thresholding
Authors: Pal Pankaj , Bhattacharyya Siddhartha , Agrawal Nishtha
Published: March 2018

A method for grayscale image segmentation is presented using a quantum-inspired self-organizing neural network architecture by proper selection of the threshold values of the multilevel sigmoidal activation function (MUSIG). The context-sensitive threshold values in the different positions of the image are measured based on the homogeneity of the image content and used to extract the object by means of effective thresholding of the multilevel sigmoidal activation function guided by the quantum superposition principle. The neural network architecture uses fuzzy theoretic concepts to assist in the segmentation process. The authors propose a grayscale image segmentation method endorsed by context-sensitive thresholding technique. This quantum-inspired multilayer neural network is adapted with self-organization. The architecture ensures the segmentation process for the real-life images as well as synthetic images by selecting intensity parameter as the threshold value.
Landcover Change Detection Using PSO-Evaluated Quantum CA Approach on Multi-Temporal Remote-Sensing Watershed Images
Authors: Mahata Kalyan , Das Rajib , Das Subhasish , Sarkar Anasua
Published: March 2018

Computer science plays a major role in image segmentation and image processing applications. Despite the computational cost, PSO evaluated QCA approaches perform comparable to or better than their crisp counterparts. This novel approach, proposed in this chapter, has been found to enhance the functionality of the CA rule base and thus enhance the established potentiality of the fuzzy-based segmentation domain with the help of quantum cellular automata. This new unsupervised method is able to detect clusters using 2-dimensional quantum cellular automata model based on PSO evaluation. As a discrete, dynamical system, cellular automaton explores uniformly interconnected cells with states. In the second phase, it utilizes a 2-dimensional cellular automata to prioritize allocations of mixed pixels among overlapping land cover areas. The authors experiment on Tilaya Reservoir Catchment on Barakar River. The clustered regions are compared with well-known PSO, FCM, and k-means methods and also with the ground truth knowledge. The results show the superiority of the new method.
An Efficient Handwritten Character Recognition Using Quantum Multilayer Neural Network (QMLNN) Architecture
Authors: Konar Debanjan , Kar Suman Kalyan
Published: March 2018

This chapter proposes a quantum multi-layer neural network (QMLNN) architecture suitable for handwritten character recognition in real time, assisted by quantum backpropagation of errors calculated from the quantum-inspired fuzziness measure of network output states. It is composed of three second-order neighborhood-topology-based inter-connected layers of neurons represented by qubits known as input, hidden, and output layers. The QMLNN architecture is a feed forward network with standard quantum backpropagation algorithm for the adjustment of its weighted interconnection. QMLNN self-organizes the quantum fuzzy input image information by means of the quantum backpropagating errors at the intermediate and output layers of the architecture. The interconnection weights are described using rotation gates. After the network is stabilized, a quantum observation at the output layer destroys the superposition of quantum states in order to obtain true binary outputs.
A Quantum NeuroIS Data Analytics Architecture for the Usability Evaluation of Learning Management Systems
Authors: Valverde Raul , Torres Beatriz , Motaghi Hamed
Published: March 2018

NeuroIS uses tools such as electroencephalogram (EEG) that can be used to measure high brainwave frequencies that can be linked to human anxiety. Past research showed that computer anxiety influences how users perceive ease of use of a learning management system (LMS). Although computer anxiety has been used successfully to evaluate the usability of LMS, the main data collection mechanisms proposed for its evaluation have been questionnaires. Questionnaires suffer from possible problems such as being inadequate to understand some forms of information such as emotions and honesty in the responses. Quantum-based approaches to consciousness have been very popular in the last years including the quantum model reduction in microtubules of Penrose and Hameroff (1995). The objective of the chapter is to propose an architecture based on a NeuroIS that collects data by using EEG from users and then use the collected data to perform analytics by using a quantum consciousness model proposed for computer anxiety measurements for the usability testing of a LMS.
Modeling Simulation-Based Agents for Reducing Operative Deferral in Oncology in a Virtual Scenario using Ergonomics
Authors: García Adriana , Ochoa-Zezzatti Alberto , Hernández Arellano Juan Luis , Maldonado Macías Aide Aracely
Published: March 2018

For public hospitals, the patients are generally placed on a waiting list prior to having their surgery; it means that they have an elective surgery. The elective surgery is what can safely be delayed for more than 24 hours, but this usually is moved when some external factors are present, one of these is attributable to medical skills. For this reason, it is necessary to analyze the behavior of the last one to determine its relationship with the elective surgery performance and how it increases the surgical deferral. For purposes of the desired analysis, it is necessary to use one of the analysis complex system techniques, in this case the modeling and simulation agent-based.
Design of Recreational Vehicles for Young and Adult People as an Alternative to Physical Activation in Open Spaces
Authors: Ontiveros Mayra Ivette Peña , Armendáriz Cesar Omar Balderrama , Sáenz David Cortés
Published: March 2018

Physical activity is an outstanding factor for daily life since it helps to maintain the physiological functions of the body, granting the possibility of increasing physical and mental health. Recreational vehicles of human propulsion are an alternative for skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system activation with the particularity of improving the system while enjoying the activity. This chapter presents an analysis of the problems of sedentary lifestyle to propose a user-focused alternative that meets the necessary requirements for healthy energy consumption. A prototype was designed and built to verify the metabolic expenditure through a telemetry equipment and another survey was applied to validate functional and user acceptance aspects. The results of the tests showed an average energy consumption of 50.2 kcal/min (Almost 6 METS) placing the prototype in a suitable range to perform physical activation. Finally, the resulting vehicle was cataloged by users as creative and attractive to be used in the future.
An Ergonomic Analysis on Working Postures of Construction Site Workers
Authors: Satapathy Suchismita
Published: March 2018

Risk factors related to work activity and ergonomics can enhance the probability that some persons may develop a MSD (musculoskeletal disorder). Usually the MSD develops due to high task repetition, forceful exertion, and repetitive/sustained awkward postures. MSD is also found in some cases where workers are engaged with working in awkward postures, cold temperatures, contact stress, heavy load, static postures, and vibration, etc. Many studies explain the problems for MSD, but in this chapter an effort is taken to rank the maximum body movement and body parts as per the different types of work flow system such that ergonomics design can be planned. Physical disorders can be avoided by finding and ranking the difficult task and the affected body part due to that kind of work. The prioritization of task will help the organization to think of sustainable designs of working procedure or instruments or machines to provide maximum comfort to humankind. It may also help to frame policies for occupational safety and hazards in workplace.
User Characteristics and Ergonomic Properties for Daily Objects Design
Authors: Rey-Galindo John A. , González-Muñoz Elvia Luz , Rizo-Corona Alicia Libertad
Published: March 2018

An analysis of different objects of daily use was made, specifically four models of lemon squeezers, three models of can openers, and four models of clothespins. Such analysis is made focusing on the strength needed to complete the task and the dimensional relation between the hands and object grips that impact both in ease of use and user well-being itself, identifying the gap between young and older adults characteristics and capabilities and the features of the object. This comparison was supported by a dynamometric study to identify the maximum capabilities of strength application in two different grip forces very common in daily life. These two grip forces are the ground of the interaction with the analyzed products. In conjunction with the force, the registry made an anthropometric assessment of different anatomical points in the hands.
The Comprehension of Figurative Images of Food Items
Authors: Prado-León Lilia Roselia , Zuloaga Carlos Díaz de León , Hernández Adrian Antonio Cisneros
Published: March 2018

Graphic design is a discipline responsible for creating clear and concise visual messages that can enhance the understanding of information, easing the comprehension of the message when using different kind of images. In ergonomics, there have been studies about image comprehension, helping to set up and prove guidelines that enhance the efficacy and efficiency of symbols, icons, and pictograms. The goal of this research was to assess, within four stages, the comprehension of the figurative food illustrations and the effectiveness of ergonomic guidelines when used in the design process of these illustrations. The results showed that the familiarity and comprehension of some foods are limited due to the nutritional or cultural habits of the users. When comparing the graphic styles that use or lack of ergonomic guidelines, it is clear that the use of these guidelines helps the user to comprehend and identify better the graphical information presented.
Methodology to Apply Design for Remanufacturing in Product Development
Authors: Arredondo-Soto Karina Cecilia , Reyes-Martínez Rosa María , Sánchez-Leal Jaime , Rodríguez Jorge De la Riva
Published: March 2018

This chapter discusses the definitions of environmental design, design for remanufacturing (DfR), as well as a case study to demonstrate the convergent point between these topics. Many products that are currently remanufactured were not designed with this objective, generating a complicated process that requires that the manufacturing engineers develop in a corrective way, modifications in the original design of the products related to its components and the process. The case study analyzes a product that was not originally designed as remanufacturable. The decision was made to develop a reconstruction process that fulfilled the characteristics of remanufacturing. Finally, in applying the DfR, it was possible to expedite the remanufacturing so that material planners do not fear to run out of good parts and have to order the purchase of new product, decrease the use of assembly details that are purchased at a high price, and thus save on the cost of remanufacturing. Analyzing this case and applying DfR implied a savings of 37% compared to the initial process that did not apply this tool.
Thermal Power Sector Sustainability
Authors: Satapathy Suchismita , Biswal Jitendra Narayan
Published: March 2018

Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices in thermal power plants is dependent on mostly three pillars: social factor, economic factor, and environmental factor. So, in this chapter, sustainable supply chain management of Indian thermal power sector is evaluated. Artificial neural network (ANN) method is implemented to measure whether the benefits of sustainable supply chain management are achieved after practices of sustainable supply chain management in Indian thermal power sector. This chapter also designs a framework by QFD (quality function deployment) method to find solution for some unsatisfactory measures (inputs in sustainable factors) that are not achieved against outputs. As sustainable supply chain management practices in thermal power plants are influenced by a significant number of interrelated enablers and barriers, the drivers or enablers of SSCM are taken as the design requirement to improve SSCM in thermal power industries, and the most important driver is prioritized against the unsatisfied measurands in thermal power sector.
Thermodynamic properties of zinc sulfate, zinc basic sulfate, and the system Zn-S-O
Authors: Ingraham T R , Kellogg H H
Published: March 2018

Three anhydrous zinc sulfates have been identified. They are; ZnSO4(a), stable below I007°K; ZnSO4(13) , stable above 1007°K; and ZnO. 2ZnSO4. The decomposition pressure of each sulfate has been measured and the following relations calculated from the
results : 3ZnSO4 (a) = Zn0-2ZnSO4 +SO3 , R ln Pso 3 = 53,733/T 45.21 (298 ° to 1007.5 °K) 3ZnSO4 (8) = Zn0.2ZnSO4 + SO,, 11 in P603 = 39,281/T 30.866 (1007.5 ° to 1122 °K) 1/2 (Zn0.2ZnSO 4 ) =3/2 ZnO +SO,, R ln Pso =57,189/1' +3.3 ln T 65.629 (298 0 to 1208 ° K) The
measured data have been combined with the known thermodynamic properties of ZnS, ZnO, Zn, S0 2 , and SO to yield univariant and bivariant phase diagrams for the system Zn-S-0. The application of these diagrams to Problems of roasting zinc concentrates is discussed.
‘You have to keep your head on your shoulders’: A systems psychodynamic perspective on women leaders
Authors: Mayer Claude-Helene , Tonelli Louise , Oosthuizen Rudolf M. , Surtee Sabie
Published: March 2018

Background:Women leaders within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in South Africa have increased in numbers over the past years and they have changed the dynamics in these institutions. Yet, it is a subject that has hardly been explored from the perspective of women leaders.Aim:The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of women leaders in HEIs from a systems psychodynamic perspective using the conflict, identity, boundaries, authority, roles, task (CIBART) model, a well-researched model to analyse systems psychodynamics and to gain a deeper understanding of (un)conscious dynamics within organisations.Methods:This qualitative study is based on Dilthey‘s modern hermeneutics. Interviews were conducted with 23 women leaders from the Higher Education Resource Services South Africa, network across 8 HEIs. Observations were conducted in one organisation to support the data analysis and interpretation. Data were analysed through content analysis.Findings:Findings show that women leaders re-evaluate and reconstruct themselves constantly within organisations. This continuous re-evaluation and reconstruction become visible through the constructs of the CIBART model. The findings reveal deeper insights into systems psychodynamics, which considers anxiety within the system where women leaders seem to contain such anxiety by mobilising specific defence mechanisms. Certain diversity markers, such as race, gender, mother tongue, position within the organisation and generational belonging play a role in creating the dynamics. Women leaders’ experience of de-authorisation and role confusion impacts significantly on women leadership and their action towards ownership.Practical implications: The study provides new, valuable and context-specific insights into women leadership seen through the lens of the CIBART model, highlighting unconscious dynamics that need practical attention in the HEIs to empower women leaders for gender-specific leadership training.Originality or value: Findings provide a foundation for future research on women leaders and applied solutions to empower women leaders, whilst reducing anxiety within the system. The study provides complex insights, which should create increasing awareness in women leaders towards being containers of anxiety and creating new ways of empowered women leadership.
The relationship between tooth loss, body mass index, and hypertension in postmenopausal female
Authors: Al-Ahmad Basma Ezzat Mustafa , Kashmoola Muhannad Ali , Mustafa Nazih Shaaban , Hassan Haszelini , Arzmi Mohd Hafiz
Published: March 2018

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and the level of blood pressure with the hypothesis that tooth loss is associated with the increase of hypertension in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Sixty postmenopausal female patients aged 51-68 years were included in the study to assess the relationship between tooth loss and the level of blood pressure. The information including sociodemographics, last menstruation period, hypertension history, and the duration of having tooth loss was recorded. Blood pressure was measured using sphygmomanometer and the number of tooth loss was determined. Results: The results showed a more significant tooth loss in hypertension (median: 23 + 4; interquartile range [IQR]: 6) compared to the normotension postmenopausal women (median: 18 + 6; IQR: 12; P < 0.05). Furthermore, obese patients had more tooth loss (median: 23 + 5; IQR: 8) than the overweight patients (median: 19 + 8; IQR: 8). Conclusion: Tooth loss is associated with the increase of hypertension in postmenopausal women which may have a role in the development of vascular diseases.
Physicochemical and microscopic characterization of implant-abutment joints
Authors: Lopes Patricia A. , Carreiro Adriana F. P. , Nascimento Rubens M. , Vahey Brendan R. , Henriques Bruno , Souza Júlio C. M.
Published: March 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate Morse taper implant-abutment joints by chemical, mechanical, and microscopic analysis.

Materials and Methods: Surfaces of 10 Morse taper implants and the correlated abutments were inspected by field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) before connection. The implant-abutment connections were tightened at 32 Ncm. For microgap evaluation by FEG-SEM, the systems were embedded in epoxy resin and cross-sectioned at a perpendicular plane of the implant-abutment joint. Furthermore, nanoindentation tests and chemical analysis were performed at the implant-abutment joints.

Statistics: Results were statistically analyzed via one-way analysis of variance, with a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results: Defects were noticed on different areas of the abutment surfaces. The minimum and maximum size of microgaps ranged from 0.5 μm up to 5.6 μm. Furthermore, defects were detected throughout the implant-abutment joint that can, ultimately, affect the microgap size after connection. Nanoindentation tests revealed a higher hardness (4.2 ± 0.4 GPa) for abutment composed of Ti6Al4V alloy when compared to implant composed of commercially pure Grade 4 titanium (3.2 ± 0.4 GPa).

Conclusions: Surface defects produced during the machining of both implants and abutments can increase the size of microgaps and promote a misfit of implant-abutment joints. In addition, the mismatch in mechanical properties between abutment and implant can promote the wear of surfaces, affecting the size of microgaps and consequently the performance of the joints during mastication.
Étude sérologique de l’anémie infectieuse des équidés II. — Étude cinétique des précipitines anti G et anti C
Authors: Goret Pierre , Toma Bernard
Published: March 2018

L’évolution des précipitines anti G et anti C est étudiée chez des équidés infectés naturellement ou expérimentalement par le virus de l’anémie infectieuse des équidés.

Les anticorps anti G peuvent n’apparaître que tardivement (jusqu’à 50 jours) après une contamination légère, et en l’absence de toute traduction clinique. Les anticorps anti C sont décelables ultérieurement.

L’étude a porté également sur des poneys hyperimmunisés à l’aide des antigènes G et C puis infectés par la souche Wyoming.
Haute pathogénicité pour la souris par voie digestive d’un composant viral du vaccin anti-rabique à virus vivant modifié ERA/BHK. Sur la prophylaxie de la rage en France
Authors: Bijlenga G. , Joubert L.
Published: March 2018

Oral transmission of rabies virus has been observed by many authors and it seems that strain differences occur independant of their viral quantity. An experimental vaccine strain ERA/BHK (WIRAB) used in foxes by other authors was found to give satisfactory results as far as antibody response and protection is concerned.

In this presentation, the isolation of a plaque from this ERA/BHK vaccine by using another cell system (Vero) and which plaque was subsequently multiplied in Vero cells, showed an extremely high pathogenicity in mice by oral route. The original strain (ERA/BHK) killed also by oral route, but to a lesser degree. In the application of these viruses, all precautions were taken not to provoke lesions during their administration.

The importance of this finding warrants immediate prohibition of the use of this strain ERA/BHK for oral or aerosol vaccination of foxes in control programmes. Its use should not be accepted, because the problem of rabies will be increased and more complicated than diminished, by applying this dangerous method. The authors give full consideration and warnings in respect of the inadequate legislation concerning rabies vaccines in France and other countries which will consider the use of such a vaccine or similar ones.

In relation to this important finding of high oral pathogenicity, also public health aspects concerning the original vaccine strain ERA in primary pig kidney cells are mentioned.

Government authorities who have licensed the vaccine ERA are invited to reconsider their autorization in relation to this finding of high oral pathogenicity, including France, particularly in respect of the importation of vaccinated (by ERA-strain) domestic animals, frozen carcasses and their products for human consumption and other purposes. This equally applies to all other living rabies vaccines not yet examined for possible oral pathogenicity.
Une enzootie de toxoplasmose caprine abortive
Authors: Calamel M. , Giauffret A.
Published: March 2018

La technique d’immunofluorescence indirecte a permis d’établir un diagnostic de Toxoplasmose évolutive lors d’une enzootie abortive sévissant dans un troupeau caprin des Alpes-Maritimes.

Les résultats sérologiques obtenus démontrent l’intérêt de cette technique pour le dépistage rapide des avortements à Toxoplasmes chez les petits ruminants et pour l’étude épidémiologique de la maladie.
Etude sérologique chez le lapin expérimentalement infecté par le virus de la «rhino-trachéite infectieuse des bovins» (virus I. B. R. – I. P. V.)
Authors: Faye P. , Charton André , Le Layec Cl.
Published: March 2018

D’exécution aisée, rapide, applicable au contrôle de sérums nombreux, la méthode d’immuno-diffusion en gélose apporte, dans le diagnostic expérimental et l’enquête épidémiologique d’infections à Herpesvirus bovis chez les Bovins (rhinotrachéite infectieuse, balanoposthites de taureaux) des résultats dont la signification (preuve de l’infection et de son caractère récent) est différente de ceux de la séro-neutralisation.
Etude «in vitro» de l’hypersensibilité retardée provoquée, chez le cobaye, par l’inoculation intradermique d’un antigène chlamydien (virus de l’avortement de la brebis) purifié concentré
Authors: Faye P. , Charton André , Mc Kercher D. G. , Le Layec Cl. , Solsona M. , Gueslin M.
Published: March 2018

La réaction d’inhibition de la migration «in vitro» des macrophages du cobaye sensibilisé par l’antigène chlamydien purifié montre que cette réaction est intense, et spécifique. Sa netteté montre l’importance, dans l’infection expérimentale par la chlamydiacée de l’avortement de la brebis, de la réaction immunitaire par médiation cellulaire juxtaposée à la réaction humorale.
Techniques d’identification de sous-populations lymphocytaires porcines
Authors: Salmon Henri , Rivière Yves , Gouère P. , Goret Pierre
Published: March 2018

Les différentes techniques de révélation des rosettes naturelles (E), des rosettes à globules rouges de mouton sensibilisés (EA) ou des rosettes à zymosan (RZ) utilisées successivement permettent d’individualiser des sous-populations lymphocytaires dans le sang circulant du porc. Utilisées conjointement elles mettent en évidence :

1) un compartiment T dépendant, représenté par des lymphocytes ne formant que des rosettes E ; ces lymphocytes n’adhèrent pas à la fibre de nylon et le phénomène des rosettes E est inhibé par un anticorps anti-P.T.A. ;

2) un compartiment B dépendant représenté par des lymphocytes formant des rosettes à Zymosan et des lymphocytes formant des rosettes EA. Ces lymphocytes sont adhérents à la fibre de nylon ; les rosettes EA sont inhibées par un sérum anti-thymocytaire à un titre inférieur à celui inhibant les rosettes E ;

3) des lymphocytes à double récepteur E et RZ, en proportion faible, adhèrent à la fibre de nylon.
Influence de deux douvicides à base de tétrachlorure de carbone sur l’évolution de l’omithine-carbamyl-transférase et de la phosphatase alcaline sériques chez le mouton infesté avec Fasciola hepatica
Authors: Le Bars Henri , Laistre Banting Alan de
Published: March 2018

Les effets pharmacologiques du tétrachlorure de carbone chez le mouton artificiellement infesté avec Fasciola hepatica sont comparés à ceux d’une préparation, le C. 1372 contenant le CCI, et un antioxydant, la NN' Diphényl-p-phénylène Diamine (DppD).

L’addition de DppD permet d’éviter l’atteinte hépatique constatée avec le CCI, seul et permet une récupération rapide de la fonction hépatique perturbée par les douves.

L’activité fasciolicide est la même pour les deux préparations.
La lutte biologique contre les mollusques vecteurs des bilharzioses
Authors: Euzéby Jacques , Graber M.
Published: March 2018

Les premiers résultats obtenus au laboratoire permettent d’envisager l’utilisation de divers parasites : un Trématode Clinostomatidé, une sangsue Hirudo medicinalis et un prédateur, l’écrevisse Cambarus affinis comme moyens de lutte biologique contre les mollusques (Biomphalaria) vecteurs de Schistosoma mansoni à la Guadeloupe.
Isolement, et identification sur culture cellulaire, du virus de la gastro-entérite transmissible du porc
Authors: Carnero R. , Costes Colette , Picard Monique
Published: March 2018

Un virus à effet cytolytique inhibé par l'action des sérums de référence T.G.E., sensible à l’éther et résistant à pH 3, a été isolé, pour la première fois en France, à partir de porcelets IOPS ayant manifesté un épisode gastro-entéritique consécutivement à l’inoculation d’un matériel cliniquement suspect de T.G.E.
Effet anticancéreux de l'Aflatoxine B 1 après injection intra-tumorale dans l'épithélioma T 8 du rat Wistar
Authors: Lemarinier Sylvie , Jacquet Jean
Published: March 2018

Si l’action anti-néoplasique locale de la difuranocoumarine B, est nette dans l’épithélioma T 8 du rat Wistar, en revanche la résorption générale du solvant entraîne une multiplication des métastases et des lésions hépatiques caractéristiques. Les rats guéris sont immunisés.
Le cheval d’octobre (October equus) éclairé par M. Georges Dumézil
Authors: Rousseau Michel
Published: March 2018

Précisions apportées sur la nature de l'organe du cheval militaire que les Romains sacrifiaient le 15 octobre, à Mars, sur le champ dédié à ce dieu de la guerre.