bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HCN and HCO+ in Planetary Nebulae: The Next Level
Authors: Schmidt D. R. , Gold K. R. , Sinclair A. , Bergstrom S. , Ziurys L. M.
Published: March 2022

Observations of HCN and HCO+ have been carried out toward 13 planetary nebulae (PNe) using the facilities of the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO). These nebulae represent a wide range of morphologies and ages (∼2000–28,000 yr). For both molecules, the J = 1 → 0 transitions at 88–89 GHz and the J = 3 → 2 lines at 265–267 GHz were measured, together with CO lines (J = 1 → 0, 2 → 1, and 3 → 2, depending on the source), using the ARO 12 m and Submillimeter Telescopes. HCN and HCO+ were detected with at least one transition in 10 nebulae: He 2-459, Hu 1-1, K3-52, K3-65, M1-8, M1-40, M1-59, M2-53, M4-17, and NGC 6445. HCO+ was additionally identified via two transitions in Na 2. Some observed line profiles were complex, with multiple velocity components tracing varied outflows. From radiative transfer modeling, column densities were established for HCN and HCO+: N
tot(HCN) = 0.005–1.1 × 1014 and N
tot(HCO+) = 0.008–9.5 × 1013 cm−2. Gas densities of n(H2) ∼ 105–107 cm−3 were also determined for all PNe. Fractional abundances with respect to H2, calculated using CO as a proxy, are f(HCN) ∼ 0.2–1.5 × 10−7 and f(HCO+) ∼ 0.3–5.1 × 10−8. The abundances of HCN and HCO+ did not significantly vary with nebular age to 28,000 yr. Combined with previous observations, at least 30 PNe contain HCN and/or HCO+, indicating that polyatomic molecules are common constituents of these objects. The data strongly support a scenario where dense ejecta from PNe seed the interstellar medium with molecular material.
Gaia GraL: Gaia DR2 Gravitational Lens Systems. VII. XMM-Newton Observations of Lensed Quasars
Authors: Connor Thomas , Stern Daniel , Krone-Martins Alberto , Djorgovski S. G. , Graham Matthew J. , Walton Dominic J. , Delchambre Ludovic , Ducourant Christine , Teixeira Ramachrisna , Campion Jean-François Le , den Brok Jakob Sebastian , Dobie Dougal , Galluccio Laurent , Jalan Priyanka , Klioner Sergei A. , Klüter Jonas , Mahabal Ashish A. , Negi Vibhore , Nierenberg Anna , Petit Quentin , Scarano Jr Sergio , Slezak Eric , Sluse Dominique , Spíndola-Duarte Carolina , Surdej Jean , Wambsganss Joachim
Published: March 2022

We present XMM-Newton X-ray observations of nine confirmed lensed quasars at 1 ≲ z ≲ 3 identified by the Gaia Gravitational Lens program. Eight systems are strongly detected, with 0.3–8.0 keV fluxes F
0.3−8.0 ≳ 5 ×10−14 erg cm−2 s−1. Modeling the X-ray spectra with an absorbed power law, we derive power-law photon indices and 2–10 keV luminosities for the eight detected quasars. In addition to presenting sample properties for larger quasar population studies and for use in planning for future caustic-crossing events, we also identify three quasars of interest: a quasar that shows evidence of flux variability from previous ROSAT observations, the most closely separated individual lensed sources resolved by XMM-Newton, and one of the X-ray brightest quasars known at z > 3. These sources represent the tip of the discoveries that will be enabled by SRG/eROSITA.
ELVES II: Globular Clusters and Nuclear Star Clusters of Dwarf Galaxies: the Importance of Environment
Authors: Carlsten Scott G. , Greene Jenny E. , Beaton Rachael L. , Greco Johnny P.
Published: March 2022

We present the properties of the globular clusters (GCs) and nuclear star clusters (NSCs) of low-mass (105.5 < M
⋆ < 108.5
M
⊙) early-type satellites of Milky Way–like and small group hosts in the Local Volume (LV) using deep, ground-based data from the ongoing Exploration of Local VolumE Satellites Survey. This sample of 177 dwarfs significantly increases the statistics for studying the star clusters of dwarfs in low-density environments, offering an important comparison to samples from nearby galaxy clusters. The LV dwarfs exhibit significantly lower nucleation fractions at fixed galaxy mass than dwarfs in nearby clusters. The masses of NSCs of LV dwarfs show a similar scaling of

M

⋆
,
NSC

∝

M

⋆
,
gal

0.4

as that found in clusters but offset to lower NSC masses. To deal with foreground/background contamination in the GC analysis, we employ both a statistical subtraction and Bayesian approach to infer the average GC system properties from all dwarfs simultaneously. We find that the GC occupation fraction and average abundance are both increasing functions of galaxy stellar mass, and the LV dwarfs show significantly lower average GC abundance at fixed galaxy mass than a comparable sample of Virgo dwarfs analyzed in the same way, demonstrating that GC prevalence also shows an important secondary dependence on the dwarf’s environment. This result strengthens the connection between GCs and NSCs in low-mass galaxies. We discuss these observations in the context of modern theories of GC and NSC formation, finding that the environmental dependencies can be well explained by these models.
High-latitude Observations of Inertial-range Turbulence by the Ulysses Spacecraft During the Solar Minimum of 1993–96
Authors: Watson Abigale S. , Smith Charles W. , Marchuk Anastasia V. , Argall Matthew R. , Joyce Colin J. , Isenberg Philip A. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Bzowski Maciej , Kubiak Marzena A. , Murphy Neil
Published: March 2022

We have examined Ulysses magnetic field measurements for the years 1993 through 1996 as the spacecraft moved sunward from 5 au at high southern latitudes, passing through perihelion during the first fast-latitude scan to achieve high northern latitudes, and finally returning to 5 au. These years represent near-solar-minimum activity, providing a clear measure of high-latitude solar-wind turbulence. We apply a series of tests to the data, examining both the magnetic variance anisotropy and the underlying wavevector anisotropy, finding them to be consistent with past 1 au observations. The variance anisotropy depends upon both the thermal proton temperature parameter and the amplitude of the magnetic power spectrum, while the underlying wavevector anisotropy is dominated by the component perpendicular to the mean magnetic field. We also examine the amplitude of the magnetic power spectrum as well as the associated turbulent transport of energy to small scales that results in the heating of the thermal plasma. The measured turbulence is found to be stronger than that seen at low latitudes by the Voyager spacecraft as it traverses the distance from 1 to 5 au during the years approaching solar maximum. If the high- and low-latitude sources are comparable, this would indicate that while the heating processes are active in both regions, the turbulence has had less decay time in the transport of energy to small scales. Alternatively, it may also be that the high-latitude source is stronger.
Bayesian Rotation Inversion of KIC 11145123
Authors: Hatta Yoshiki , Sekii Takashi , Benomar Othman , Takata Masao
Published: March 2022

A scheme of Bayesian rotation inversion, which allows us to compute the probability of a model of a stellar rotational profile, is developed. The validation of the scheme with simple rotational profiles and the corresponding sets of artificially generated rotational shifts has been successfully carried out, and we can correctly distinguish the (right) rotational model, prepared beforehand for generating the artificial rotational shifts, from the other (wrong) rotational model. The Bayesian scheme is applied to a γ Dor–δ Sct-type hybrid star, KIC 11145123, leading to a result that the convective core of the star might be rotating much faster (∼10 times faster) than the other regions of the star. The result is consistent with that previously suggested by Hatta et al. based on a three-zone modeling, further strengthening their argument from a Bayesian point of view.
GASP XXXVII: The Most Extreme Jellyfish Galaxies Compared with Other Disk Galaxies in Clusters, an H i Study
Authors: Luber N. , Müller A. , van Gorkom J. H. , Poggianti B. M. , Vulcani B. , Franchetto A. , Bacchini C. , Bettoni D. , Deb T. , Fritz J. , Gullieuszik M. , Ignesti A. , Jaffe Y. , Moretti A. , Paladino R. , Ramatsoku M. , Serra P. , Smith R. , Tomicic N. , Tonnesen S. , Verheijen M. , Wolter A.
Published: March 2022

We present the results of a Very Large Array H i imaging survey aimed at understanding why some galaxies develop long extraplanar Hα tails, becoming extreme jellyfish galaxies. The observations are centered on five extreme jellyfish galaxies optically selected from the WINGS and OMEGAWINGS surveys and confirmed to have long Hα tails through MUSE observations. Each galaxy is located in a different cluster. In the observations, there are in total 88 other spiral galaxies within the field of view (40′ × 40′) and observed bandwidth (6500 km s−1). We detect 13 of these 88 spirals, plus one uncataloged spiral, with H i masses ranging from 1 to 7 × 109
M
⊙. Many of these detections have extended H i disks, two show direct evidence for ram pressure stripping, and others are possibly affected by tidal forces and/or ram pressure stripping. We stack the 75 nondetected spiral galaxies and find an average H i mass of 1.9 × 108
M
⊙, which, given their average stellar mass, implies that they are very H i deficient. Comparing the extreme jellyﬁsh galaxies to the other disk galaxies, we ﬁnd that they are at smaller projected distance from the cluster center, and have a higher stellar mass and higher relative velocity than all other H i detections and most nondetections. We conclude that the high stellar mass allows extreme jellyfish galaxies to fall deeply into the cluster before being stripped, and the surrounding ICM pressure gives rise to their spectacular star-forming tails.
Atmospheric Dynamics of Temperate Sub-Neptunes. I. Dry Dynamics
Authors: Innes Hamish , Pierrehumbert Raymond T.
Published: March 2022

Sub-Neptunes (planets with radii between 2 and 4 R
⊕) are abundant around M-dwarf stars, yet the atmospheric dynamics of these planets is relatively unexplored. In this paper, we aim to provide a basic underpinning of the dry dynamics of general low-mean-molecular-weight, temperate sub-Neptune atmospheres. We use the ExoFMS general circulation model (GCM) with an idealized gray-gas radiation scheme to simulate planetary atmospheres with different levels of instellation and rotation rates, using the atmosphere of K2-18b as our control. We find that the atmospheres of tidally locked (TL), temperate sub-Neptunes have weak horizontal temperature gradients owing to their slow rotation rates and hydrogen-dominated composition. The zonal wind structure is dominated by high-latitude cyclostrophic jets driven by the conservation of angular momentum. At low pressures we observe superrotating equatorial jets, which we propose are driven by a Rossby–Kelvin instability similar to the type seen in simulations of idealized atmospheres with axisymmetric forcing. By viewing the flow in TL coordinates, we find the predominant overturning circulation to be between the day side and night side, and we derive scaling relations linking the TL stream function and vertical velocities to instellation. Comparing our results to the only other GCM study of K2-18b, we find significant qualitative differences in dynamics, highlighting the need for further collaboration and investigation into the effects of different dynamical cores and physical parameterizations. This paper provides a baseline for studying the dry dynamics of temperate sub-Neptunes, which will be built on in part II with the introduction of moist effects.
LAGER Lyα Luminosity Function at z ∼ 7: Implications for Reionization
Authors: Wold Isak G. B. , Malhotra Sangeeta , Rhoads James , Wang Junxian , Hu Weida , Perez Lucia A. , Zheng Zhen-Ya , Khostovan Ali Ahmad , Walker Alistair R. , Barrientos L. Felipe , González-López Jorge , Harish Santosh , Infante Leopoldo , Jiang Chunyan , Pharo John , Moya-Sierralta Cristóbal , Bauer Franz E. , Galaz Gaspar , Valdes Francisco , Yang Huan
Published: March 2022

We present a new measurement of the Lyα luminosity function (LF) at redshift z = 6.9, finding moderate evolution from z = 5.7 that is consistent with a fully or largely ionized z ∼ 7 intergalactic medium. Our result is based on four fields of the LAGER (Lyman Alpha Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization) project. Our survey volume of 6.1 × 106 Mpc3 is double that of the next largest z ∼ 7 survey. We combine two new LAGER fields (WIDE12 and GAMA15A) with two previously reported LAGER fields (COSMOS and CDFS). In the new fields, we identify N = 95 new z = 6.9 Lyα emitter (LAEs) candidates, characterize our survey’s completeness and reliability, and compute Lyα LFs. The best-fit Schechter LF parameters for all four LAGER fields are in good general agreement. Two fields (COSMOS and WIDE12) show evidence for a bright-end excess above the Schechter function fit. We find that the Lyα luminosity density declines at the same rate as the UV continuum LF from z = 5.7 to 6.9. This is consistent with an intergalactic medium that was fully ionized as early as redshift z ∼ 7 or with a volume-averaged neutral hydrogen fraction of x
H I < 0.33 at 1σ.
Modeling Fast Radio Burst Dispersion and Scattering Properties in the First CHIME/FRB Catalog
Authors: Chawla P. , Kaspi V. M. , Ransom S. M. , Bhardwaj M. , Boyle P. J. , Breitman D. , Cassanelli T. , Cubranic D. , Dong F. Q. , Fonseca E. , Gaensler B. M. , Giri U. , Josephy A. , Kaczmarek J. F. , Leung C. , Masui K. W. , Mena-Parra J. , Merryfield M. , Michilli D. , Münchmeyer M. , Ng C. , Patel C. , Pearlman A. B. , Petroff E. , Pleunis Z. , Rahman M. , Sanghavi P. , Shin K. , Smith K. M. , Stairs I. , Tendulkar S. P.
Published: March 2022

We present a Monte Carlo–based population synthesis study of fast radio burst (FRB) dispersion and scattering focusing on the first catalog of sources detected with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst (CHIME/FRB) project. We simulate intrinsic properties and propagation effects for a variety of FRB population models and compare the simulated distributions of dispersion measures and scattering timescales with the corresponding distributions from the CHIME/FRB catalog. Our simulations confirm the results of previous population studies, which suggested that the interstellar medium of the host galaxy alone (simulated based on the NE2001 model) cannot explain the observed scattering timescales of FRBs. We therefore consider additional sources of scattering, namely, the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of intervening galaxies and the circumburst medium whose properties are modeled based on typical Galactic plane environments. We find that a population of FRBs with scattering contributed by these media is marginally consistent with the CHIME/FRB catalog. In this scenario, our simulations favor a population of FRBs offset from their galaxy centers over a population that is distributed along the spiral arms. However, if the models proposing the CGM as a source of intense scattering are incorrect, then we conclude that FRBs may inhabit environments with more extreme properties than those inferred for pulsars in the Milky Way.
Exploring Gravitationally Lensed z ≳ 6 X-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei Behind the RELICS Clusters
Authors: Bogdán Ákos , Kovács Orsolya E. , Jones Christine , Forman William R. , Kraft Ralph P. , Strait Victoria , Coe Dan , Bradač Maruša
Published: March 2022

Although observations of high-redshift quasars demonstrate that many supermassive black holes (BHs) reached large masses within one billion years after the Big Bang, the origin of the first BHs is still a mystery. A promising way to constrain the origin of the first BHs is to explore the average properties of z ≳ 6 BHs. However, typical BHs remain hidden from X-ray surveys, which is due to their relatively faint nature and the limited sensitivity of X-ray telescopes. Gravitational lensing provides an attractive way to study this unique galaxy population as it magnifies the faint light from these high-redshift galaxies. Here, we study the X-ray emission originating from 155 gravitationally lensed z ≳ 6 galaxies that were detected in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey. We utilize Chandra X-ray observations to search for active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the individual galaxies and in the stacked galaxy samples. We did not identify an individual X-ray source that was undoubtedly associated with a high-redshift galaxy. We stack the signal from all galaxies and do not find a statistically significant detection. We split our sample based on stellar mass, star formation rate, and lensing magnification and stack these subsamples. We obtain a 2.2σ detection for massive galaxies with an X-ray luminosity of (3.7 ± 1.6) × 1042 erg s−1, which corresponds to a (3.0 ± 1.3) × 105
M
⊙ BH accreting at its Eddington rate. Other stacks remain undetected and we place upper limits on the AGN emission. These limits imply that the bulk of BHs at z ≳ 6 either accrete at a few percent of their Eddington rate and/or are 1–2 orders of magnitude less massive than expected based on the stellar mass of their host galaxy.
CHORUS. IV. Mapping the Spatially Inhomogeneous Cosmic Reionization with Subaru HSC
Authors: Yoshioka Takehiro , Kashikawa Nobunari , Inoue Akio K. , Yamanaka Satoshi , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Harikane Yuichi , Shibuya Takatoshi , Momose Rieko , Ito Kei , Liang Yongming , Ishimoto Rikako , Takeda Yoshihiro , Ouchi Masami , Lee Chien-Hsiu
Published: March 2022

Spatial inhomogeneity is one of the important features for understanding the reionization process; however, it has not yet been fully quantified. To map this inhomogeneous distribution, we simultaneously detect Lyα emitters (LAEs) and Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at z ∼ 6.6 from the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam large-area (∼1.5 deg2 = 34,000 cMpc2) deep survey. We estimate the neutral fraction, x
HI, from the observed number density ratio of LAEs to LBGs, n(LAE)/n(LBG), using numerical radiative transfer simulations, in which model galaxies are selected to satisfy the observed selection function. While the average x
HI within the field of view is found to be x
HI < 0.4, which is consistent with previous studies, the variation of n(LAE)/n(LBG) within the field of view for every 140 pMpc2 area is found to be as large as a factor of 3. This may suggest a spatially inhomogeneous topology of reionization, but it also leaves open the possibility that the variation is based on the inherent large-scale structure of the galaxy distribution. Based on the simulations, it may be difficult to distinguish between the two from the current survey. We also find that LAEs in the high-LAE-density region are more numerous at high EW0, supporting the fact that the observed n(LAE)/n(LBG) is more or less driven by the neutral fraction, though the statistical significance is not high.
A Guide to Realistic Uncertainties on the Fundamental Properties of Solar-type Exoplanet Host Stars
Authors: Tayar Jamie , Claytor Zachary R. , Huber Daniel , van Saders Jennifer
Published: March 2022

Our understanding of the properties and demographics of exoplanets critically relies on our ability to determine the fundamental properties of their host stars. The advent of Gaia and large spectroscopic surveys has now made it possible, in principle, to infer the properties of individual stars, including most exoplanet hosts, to very high precision. However, we show that, in practice, such analyses are limited by uncertainties in both the fundamental scale and our models of stellar evolution, even for stars similar to the Sun. For example, we show that current uncertainties on measured interferometric angular diameters and bolometric fluxes set a systematic uncertainty floor of ≈2.4% in temperature, ≈2.0% in luminosity, and ≈4.2% in radius. Comparisons between widely available model grids suggest uncertainties of order ≈5% in mass and ≈20% in age for main-sequence and subgiant stars. While the radius uncertainties are roughly constant over this range of stars, the model-dependent uncertainties are a complex function of luminosity, temperature, and metallicity. We provide open-source software for approximating these uncertainties for individual targets and discuss strategies for reducing these uncertainties in the future.
Modeling Photoionized Turbulent Material in the Circumgalactic Medium. III. Effects of Corotation and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Buie Edward , Scannapieco Evan , Mark Voit G.
Published: March 2022

Absorption-line measurements of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) display a highly nonuniform distribution of lower ionization state species accompanied by more widespread higher ionization state material. This suggests that the CGM is a dynamic, multiphase medium, such as arises in the presence of turbulence. To better understand this evolution, we perform hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the CGM surrounding Milky Way–like galaxies. In both cases, the CGM is initially in hydrostatic balance in a 1012
M
⊙ dark matter gravitational potential, and the simulations include rotation in the inner halo and turbulence that decreases radially. They also track ionizations, recombinations, and species-by-species radiative cooling in the presence of the redshift-zero UV background, employing the MAIHEM nonequilibrium chemistry package. We find that after 9 Gyr of evolution, the presence of a magnetic field leads to an overall hotter CGM, with cool gas in the center where magnetic pressure dominates. While the non-MHD run produces more cold clouds overall, we find similar Si iv/O vi and N v/O vi ratios between the MHD and non-MHD runs, which are both very different from their equilibrium values. The non-MHD halo develops cool, low angular momentum filaments above the central disk, in comparison to the MHD run that has more efficient angular momentum transport, especially for the cold gas, which forms a more ordered and extended disk late into its evolution.
How Do the Galaxy Stellar Spins Acquire a Peculiar Tidal Connection?
Authors: Lee Jounghun , Moon Jun-Sung , Yoon Suk-Jin
Published: March 2022

We explore how the galaxy stellar spins acquire a peculiar tendency of being aligned with the major principal axes of the local tidal fields, in contrast to their dark matter (DM) counterparts, which tend to be perpendicular to them, regardless of their masses. Analyzing the halo and subhalo catalogs from IllustrisTNG 300 hydrodynamic simulations at z ≤ 1, we determine the cosines of the alignment angles,

cos
α

, between the galaxy stellar and DM spins. Creating four

cos
α

-selected samples of the galaxies and then controlling them to share the same density and mass distributions, we determine the average strengths of the alignments between the galaxy stellar spins and the tidal tensor major axes over each sample. It is clearly shown that at z ≤ 0.5 the more severely the galaxy stellar spin directions deviate from the DM counterparts, the stronger the peculiar tidal alignments become. Taking the ensemble averages of such galaxy properties as central black hole-to-stellar mass ratio, specific star formation rate, formation epoch, stellar-to-total mass ratio, velocity dispersions, average metallicity, and degree of the cosmic web anisotropy over each sample, we also find that all of these properties exhibit either strong correlations or anticorrelations with

cos
α

. Our results imply that the peculiar tidal alignments of the galaxy stellar spins may be caused by anisotropic occurrence of some baryonic process responsible for discharging stellar materials from the galaxies along the tidal major directions at z < 1.
Constraining the CME Core Heating and Energy Budget with SOHO/UVCS
Authors: Wilson Maurice L. , Raymond John C. , Lepri Susan T. , Lionello Roberto , Murphy Nicholas A. , Reeves Katharine K. , Shen Chengcai
Published: March 2022

We describe the energy budget of a coronal mass ejection (CME) observed on 1999 May 17 with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS). We constrain the physical properties of the CME’s core material as a function of height along the corona by using the spectra taken by the single-slit coronagraph spectrometer at heliocentric distances of 2.6 and 3.1 solar radii. We use plasma diagnostics from intensity ratios, such as the O vi doublet lines, to determine the velocity, density, temperature, and nonequilibrium ionization states. We find that the CME core’s velocity is approximately 250 km s−1, and its cumulative heating energy is comparable to its kinetic energy for all of the plasma heating parameterizations that we investigated. Therefore, the CME’s unknown heating mechanisms have the energy to significantly affect the CME’s eruption and evolution. To understand which parameters might influence the unknown heating mechanism, we constrain our model heating rates with the observed data and compare them to the rate of heating generated within a similar CME that was constructed by the MAS code’s 3D MHD simulation. The rate of heating from the simulated CME agrees with our observationally constrained heating rates when we assume a quadratic power law to describe a self-similar CME expansion. Furthermore, the heating rates agree when we apply a heating parameterization that accounts for the CME flux rope’s magnetic energy being converted directly into thermal energy. This UVCS analysis serves as a case study for the importance of multislit coronagraph spectrometers for CME studies.
Emergency Department Preparedness of Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso Orthopaedic Hospital against Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic: Understanding the Challenges
Authors: Utomo Pamudji , Adhitya Kshanti , Bintara Panji Arga , Yudistira Mochamadsyah Beizar
Published: March 2022

The potential conditions for a worldwide pandemic have been caused by the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Since February 2020, the World Health Organization has determined the COVID-19 pandemic status. As a result, all countries in the world, including Indonesia, must adjust to the current global conditions. The Indonesian Ministry of Health has directed all hospitals in the nation to prepare and remodel all facilities to assist the effective handling of COVID-19. As the first line, the Emergency Department has fundamental principles for controlling and treating COVID-19 spread. The challenges should be understood, and the preparations for the COVID-19 pandemic redesign orthopedic and trauma cases.
Potential Use of Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell for Liver Fibrosis Thalassemia Treatment Management
Authors: Susanah Susi , Widowati Wahyu , Sari Nur Melani , Revika Revika , Kusuma Hanna , Rizal Rizal , Faried Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Thalassemia is the most common inherited single gene blood disease worldwide and present a significant health problem in the world. Approximately, 1.5% of the global populations (An estimated 80–90 million people) are carriers of β-thalassemia. Around 5% of Indonesia population is thought to carry the thalassemia gene. The globin imbalance in β-thalassemia major causes hemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis which results in anemia leading to increases of iron absorption. Furthermore, repeated blood transfusion and long-term increased iron absorption will lead to excessive accumulation of iron in vital organs, especially in the liver, causes liver fibrosis then leading to liver disease. Iron overload can be controlled by iron chelating drugs with the risk of side effects; therefore, a breakthrough is needed. Stem cell technology has a potential to provide novel insight in thalassemia major, through induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) who has the ability to differentiate into hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)-like cells. iPSCs derived HSC-like cells (iPSC-HSCs) present the phenotypic and functional characteristics of HSCs. The utilization of iPSCs is a new option in personalized thalassemia management.
Epidemiology and risk factors associated with avascular necrosis in patients with autoimmune diseases: a nationwide study
Authors: Tsai Hsin-Lin , Chang Jei-Wen , Lu Jen-Her , Liu Chin-Su
Published: March 2022

Background/Aims: Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a clinical condition characterized by the death of bone components due to interruption in the blood supply. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and determine the risk factors for AVN in patients with autoimmune diseases.Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort analysis using claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 49,636 patients with autoimmune diseases between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2013 were included. Cox regression analysis was used to identify associated risk factors for the development of AVN.Results: A total of 490/49,636 patients (1.0%) developed symptomatic AVN. The systemic lupus erythematosus patients had a higher risk of AVN compared to other autoimmune diseases. AVN was positively correlated with male sex (p < 0.001), alcoholism (p < 0.001), mean daily prednisolone dosage 7.51 to 30 mg (p < 0.001) and > 30 mg (p < 0.001), and total cumulative prednisolone dose 0 g to 5 g (p = 0.002). However, AVN was inversely correlated with cumulative duration of hydroxychloroquine exposure > 0.6 years (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Male sex, systemic lupus erythematosus, alcoholism, mean daily corticosteroid > 7.5 mg and a total cumulative dose of corticosteroid 0 to 5 g were independently associated with the development of AVN in autoimmune patients. While hydroxychloroquine use > 0.6 years conferred significant protection against the development of AVN. Clinicians should regularly assess patients with risk factors to enable the early diagnosis of AVN.
L’animation socioculturelle : émergence et structuration des diplômes comme indicateurs de la professionnalisation
Authors: Bock Cyrille
Published: March 2022

Les diplômes dans le monde de l’animation socioculturelle sont organisés depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ils sont un indicateur pertinent pour analyser le processus de professionnalisation du monde de l’animation. Trois périodes scandent l’émergence et la structuration de l’offre de formation. Trois marqueurs sont mobilisés afin d’éclairer cette professionnalisation : le contexte politique qui définit les fonctions sociales du monde de l’animation, les acteurs en grande partie structurés autour de la jeunesse et de l’éducation populaire et les diplômes en tant que tels.
Passage à l’âge adulte des jeunes martiniquais restés au pays et dans l’Hexagone
Authors: Régnier-Loilier Arnaud
Published: March 2022

L’importance des flux migratoires des jeunes martiniquais vers l’Hexagone interroge sur les conditions d’entrée dans l’âge adulte de ceux restés au pays. À partir de données quantitatives, cette étude vise à mettre en regard différentes réalités de la jeunesse, en Martinique et dans l’Hexagone, deux territoires contrastés tant du point de vue économique, culturel, social que des solidarités familiales. Y sont décrits les principaux seuils classiquement retenus pour définir le passage à l’âge adulte (études, emploi, décohabitation, couple, enfants), en les situant socialement. Outre les âges de franchissement de ces seuils qui diffèrent, c’est aussi l’ordre dans lequel ils surviennent qui contraste d’un territoire à l’autre.
Du vélo entre pairs durant l’adolescence dans ou contre l’ordre du genre
Authors: Sayagh David
Published: March 2022

En s’appuyant sur des campagnes d’observations et d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés avec 82 adolescentes ainsi que 26 de leurs parents, cette contribution étudie dans quelle mesure les pratiques du vélo homosexuées et hétérosexuées au cours de l’adolescence participent à conforter ou à bousculer l’ordre du genre. Il est montré que dans les deux configurations, les pairs jouent fréquemment des rôles distincts se traduisant par des expériences différenciées n’induisant pas les mêmes effets socialisateurs pour chacune, notamment en cas de différences d’âge, de milieu social, de morphologie ou d’expérience, et lorsque les interactantes ne se voient pas confier les mêmes responsabilités. Ainsi, l’enjeu n’est peut-être pas tant de se demander comment promouvoir la mixité que de s’interroger sur les formes de mixité à promouvoir.
La féminisation du sport fédéral : une affaire de petites et jeunes filles ?
Authors: Garcia Marie-Carmen , Ottogalli-Mazzacavallo Cécile
Published: March 2022

Cet article est fondé sur une analyse des données produites par le ministère des sports à partir d’un recensement des licences dans les fédérations sportives françaises par sexe de 2012 à 2017. Il met à l’épreuve l’idée commune selon laquelle les filles se désengageraient du sport fédéral à l’adolescence. Or, proportionnellement, les jeunes filles n’abandonnent pas plus souvent le sport que les jeunes garçons : le différentiel sexué d’engagement dans le sport fédéral se construit durant l’enfance. En outre, les données étudiées montrent que d’une manière générale on assiste, depuis 2012, à une progression constante des licences féminines alors que les licences masculines stagnent ou déclinent. Ainsi, si les filles ne sont guère plus décrocheuses que les garçons à l’adolescence, on peut supposer que leurs socialisations sportives sont aussi, voire plus, consolidées que celles des garçons.
Développer le football, moraliser les joueuses
Authors: Martin Camille
Published: March 2022

Penser l’effet socialisateur des activités sportives ne peut se faire sans prendre en compte les modalités de leur encadrement institutionnel. Une telle réflexion implique de convoquer dans l’analyse le rôle des institutions qui organisent et réglementent les pratiques sportives (clubs, fédérations). Sur la base d’une observation ethnographique de la politique de développement du football féminin à la Fédération française de football en train de se faire, cet article montre comment les dispositifs réglementaires dans lesquels s’inscrit le quotidien sportif des joueuses sont tout entiers pénétrés par un souci latent d’encadrement de leur socialisation de genre.
La question des mots et des livres dans l’éducation d’Émile
Authors: Carlet Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2022

Le livre Émile reste, aujourd’hui encore, une référence majeure et originale dans la pensée de l’éducation : pour Jean-Jacques Rousseau, en effet, la tâche éducative ne peut être conduite sans les exigences conjointes et paradoxales de la nature et de la liberté. Ces deux notions peuvent-elles cependant être vraiment intelligibles indépendamment de la question de la transmission qui sous-tend toute éducation ? Comment transmettre authentiquement et durablement ? — C’est, croyons-nous, à partir de cette question que l’ Émile cesse d’apparaître comme un manifeste éducatif ou une fiction pédagogique pour se révéler de part en part – livre V inclus – un important ouvrage de philosophie. C’est que la question des pouvoirs de la parole interroge le rapport incertain des mots et des livres au réel, comme si, parce que les mots prolifèrent, les choses échappaient toujours spontanément à l’élève ainsi qu’à son gouverneur. En dépit des errements et des dangers du langage humain, peut-on concevoir un type de parole et de culture capable de former un homme accompli ?
Figures de la solitude
Authors: Desbiens Guy
Published: March 2022

Si la solitude est peut-être d’abord l’expérience d’une scission fondamentale, venant rompre l’apparente indistinction primitive du moi, il y a aussi une aspiration à la solitude absolue, qui vise l’unité par-delà la dualité, qui cherche à dépasser la séparation du soi avec soi, à retrouver l’identité hégélienne du Je=Je, dont l’expression la plus haute est l’Un de la première hypothèse du Parménide de Platon. Unité du moi dans la contemplation de la nature, révélation de l’absolu en soi dans la foi, voire dans l’extase mystique, dithyrambe dionysiaque dans le consentement à l’éternel retour du même, impersonnalité du Je dans la création de l’œuvre : que nous apprennent ces figures essentielles de la solitude ?
La parenté comme germe de la société. Parenté = alliance (+ consanguinité ou non)
Authors: Bucaille Richard
Published: March 2022

On veut insister sur l'idée -pas très neuve, mais ici très affirmée- que la parenté n'a que peu de rapports avec la reproduction biologique, mais qu'elle se confond au contraire avec la société même, dont cette parenté pourrait être la matrice ou l'épure ; de ce fait, la biologie et ses contraintes -à commencer par les risques supposés de l'inceste- apparaissent comme pur prétexte aux sophitications de la parenté. Autre conséquence de la quasi-superposition de la société et de la parenté : la famille (qui ne se confond pas avec la parenté) reste un objet des plus indéfinissables en rigueur : changeant en lui-même et d'une culture à l'autre, par définition instable et labile, il ne justifie guère la confiance inaltérable qu'on lui accorde couramment.
Black Lives Matters revisited
Authors: Chanial Philippe
Published: March 2022

Ce bref article se propose de présenter les thèses particulièrement originales développées par Anne W. Rawls et Waverly Duck dans leur récent ouvrage Tacit Racism. Nourri des analyses célèbres de W.E.B Du Bois sur la « double conscience » des noirs américains, mais aussi des plus récents travaux sur l’histoire de l’esclavage aux États-Unis, ce livre suggère une analyse inédite de la « blanchité ». Conduit empiriquement, dans une perspective ethnométhodologique, il souligne combien la race résulte d’un accomplissement mutuel qui la rend réelle et concrète dans nos interactions quotidiennes. Elle repose avant tout sur des systèmes d’attentes réciproques et tacites dans et par lesquels les différences raciales sont actualisées quotidiennement. Ces systèmes d’attentes, composés des formes contrastées de définition de soi et d’autrui, configurent des «  ordres d’interaction raciaux  ». L’article interroge la portée normative de travail historique et empirique et notamment l’urgence politique de forger une « double conscience » blanche, comme voie d’émancipation de ce racisme tacite.
« Nous sommes les Hommes, mais Vous, vous êtes quoi ? »
Authors: Singleton Michael
Published: March 2022

Le Civilisé sourit en entendant des Primitifs tels que les Inuit set les Asmat s'identifier à l'Humanité tout court. Car de ses points de vue infra ou supra-culturels, les hommes lui paraissent essentiellement identiques puisque dotés d'organiquement le même corps et d’ontologiquement le même esprit. Par contre, du point de vue anthropologique « être humain » résulte à chaque fois et foncièrement d'une construction intra-culturelle. Si tel est fondamentalement le cas, alors Lucy et CroMagnon, l'Homme de la Renaissance et l' Homo numericus à nos portes, les Inuit et les Asmats ne sont pas des avatars d'une nature humaine archétypique mais des incarnations irréversibles et irréductibles d'une notion abstraite de l'humaine élaborée dans la seule culture occidentale.
Complément à la microéconomie de la production : les contraintes techniques
Authors: Cabotte Laurent
Published: March 2022

Est présenté ici un complément au modèle d’unité de production que proposent les manuels de microéconomie. Grâce à la définition de chaque bien produit comme un assemblage de biens intermédiaires et au repositionnement de la fonction de production au niveau d’une production intermédiaire, il lui permet de définir un ensemble de production pluri-outputs formé d’ensembles mono-output, eux-mêmes constitués d’ensembles de productions intermédiaires, et de mettre ainsi en avant une contrainte d’harmonisation des productions intermédiaires en tant que seconde dimension de l’efficacité technique. Grâce à la définition de chaque production intermédiaire comme le fait d’un métier et une fonction d’un trio d’inputs-travail, capital et énergie, il lui permet de cerner autrement les limites technologiques à la variété des outputs de l’unité et de définir précisément ses inputs. Enfin, grâce à l’explicitation de cette fonction comme étant le produit de l’input-travail et de sa productivité du travail, elle-même définie comme une fonction du degré de mécanisation de la production, lui-même défini comme le rapport à l’input-travail d’une variable exprimant le travail du capital, à son tour définie comme une fonction du même trio d’inputs, il lui permet d’expliquer complètement la convexité de l’ensemble de production. Classification JEL  : D21, D24.
Impact du changement climatique sur l’agriculture : une quantification du biais de prix dans les approches économétriques
Authors: Ochou Fabrice , Quirion Philippe
Published: March 2022

Beaucoup d’études économétriques évaluent l’impact du changement climatique sur l’agriculture en supposant les prix agricoles exogènes. Si les variables climatiques influencent ces prix, il en résulte un « biais de prix », dont on reconnaît l’existence mais qui n’a jamais été quantifié. Nous quantifions ce biais dans le cas du Burkina Faso, avec un panel de 45 provinces et 14 années, pour les trois céréales les plus cultivées : maïs, mil et sorgho. Le rendement en grain est sensible aux chocs météorologiques. Si ces chocs diminuent le rendement en grain de 10 %, le prix des céréales augmente de 2 à 3 %. Le biais de prix est important, puisque la perte de bien-être est 20 % à 70 % plus élevée que celle calculée en supposant les prix exogènes. L’ampleur du biais dépend de celle du choc météorologique, du modèle économétrique utilisé et des hypothèses retenues sur les coûts de production. Classification JEL  : O13, Q51, Q54.
Déterminer par des enquêtes la redistribution souhaitée
Authors: Fabre Adrien
Published: March 2022

Est présentée une méthode d’enquête pour déterminer la forme de redistributions appréciées, elles-mêmes utilisées pour évaluer l’acceptabilité politique de la théorie de la taxation optimale. Une première enquête identifie les préférences médianes de paramètres d’une redistribution (50 % de gagnants, 10 % de perdants et un revenu minimal de 800 €/mois). Une seconde enquête montre qu’une majorité approuverait des redistributions dérivées de leur interpolation. Le barème théoriquement optimal n’obtient pas de soutien significativement majoritaire car il fait trop de perdants. Enfin, cette étude révèle que les Français soutiennent une procédure démocratique plus directe pour définir le barème d’imposition. Classification JEL  : D31, D63, H21, P16.
La distribution des biens culturels à l’heure du numérique
Authors: Mollat Denis
Published: March 2022

Plus ancien produit culturel, le livre, luxe accessible qui a résisté à toutes les crises, affronte cependant depuis quelques années la révolution du numérique qui modifie en profondeur les circuits économiques de distribution, créant de nouveaux usages chez les clients. Les différentes périodes du confinement ont pu servir de révélateur des atouts et des faiblesses du monde du livre. C’est parce qu’il a les moyens de mettre à son service la technologie que le libraire, acteur incontournable de la vie de la cité, saura pérenniser son commerce et mettre au service de celle-ci son savoir et son savoir-faire irremplaçables.
The number of limit cycles from the perturbation of a quadratic isochronous system with two switching lines
Authors: Ke Ai , Han Maoan , Geng Wei
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we give an upper bound (for \begin{document}$ n\geq3 $\end{document}) and the least upper bound (for \begin{document}$ n = 1,2 $\end{document}) of the number of limit cycles bifurcated from period annuli of a quadratic isochronous system under the piecewise polynomial perturbations of degree \begin{document}$ n $\end{document}, respectively. The results improve the conclusions in [19].
Undulated bilayer interfaces in the planar functionalized Cahn-Hilliard equation
Authors: Promislow Keith , Wu Qiliang
Published: March 2022

Experiments with diblock co-polymer melts display undulated bilayers that emanate from defects such as triple junctions and endcaps, [8]. Undulated bilayers are characterized by oscillatory perturbations of the bilayer width, which decay on a spatial length scale that is long compared to the bilayer width. We mimic defects within the functionalized Cahn-Hillard free energy by introducing spatially localized inhomogeneities within its parameters. For length parameter \begin{document}$ \varepsilon\ll1 $\end{document}, we show that this induces undulated bilayer solutions whose width perturbations decay on an \begin{document}$ O\!\left( \varepsilon^{-1/2}\right) $\end{document} inner length scale that is long in comparison to the \begin{document}$ O(1) $\end{document} scale that characterizes the bilayer width.
Blow-up of solutions to a viscoelastic wave equation with nonlocal damping
Authors: Li Donghao , Zhang Hongwei , Liu Shuo , Hu Qingiyng
Published: March 2022

The viscoelastic wave equation with nonlinear nonlocal weak damping is considered. The local existence of solutions is established. Under arbitrary positive initial energy, a finite-time blow-up result is proved by a new modified concavity method.
Controller and asymptotic autonomy of random attractors for stochastic p-Laplace lattice equations
Authors: Song Li , Li Yangrong , Wang Fengling
Published: March 2022

A non-autonomous random dynamical system is called to be controllable if there is a pullback random attractor (PRA) such that each fibre of the PRA converges upper semi-continuously to a nonempty compact set (called a controller) as the time-parameter goes to minus infinity, while the PRA is called to be asymptotically autonomous if there is a random attractor for another (autonomous) random dynamical system as a controller. We establish the criteria for ensuring the existence of the minimal controller and the asymptotic autonomy of a PRA respectively. The abstract results are illustrated in possibly non-autonomous stochastic p-Laplace lattice equations with tempered convergent external forces.
On the exponential Diophantine equation $ \left(\frac{q^{2l}-p^{2k}}{2}n\right)^x+(p^kq^ln)^y = \left(\frac{q^{2l}+p^{2k}}{2}n\right)^z $
Authors: Feng Cheng ,   School of Mathematics and Information, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China, Luo Jiagui
Published: March 2022

Let $ k, l, m_1, m_2 $ be positive integers and let both $ p $ and $ q $ be odd primes such that $ p^k = 2^{m_1}-a^{m_2} $ and $ q^l = 2^{m_1}+a^{m_2} $ where $ a $ is odd prime with $ a\equiv 5\pmod 8 $ and $ a\not\equiv 1\pmod 5 $. In this paper, using only the elementary methods of factorization, congruence methods and the quadratic reciprocity law, we show that the exponential Diophantine equation $ \left(\frac{q^{2l}-p^{2k}}{2}n\right)^x+(p^kq^ln)^y = \left(\frac{q^{2l}+p^{2k}}{2}n\right)^z $ has only the positive integer solution $ (x, y, z) = (2, 2, 2) $.
Sur quelques théories de la représentation visuelle avant Kepler
Authors: Demange Dominique
Published: March 2022

La question posée dans cet article est de savoir dans quelle mesure et selon quels schémas il est possible de parler de la vision sensible comme d’une représentation psychique avant la nouvelle optique inaugurée par Johannes Kepler dans ses célèbres Paralipomena ad Vitellionem (1604). L’article part du point de vue suivant : c’est seulement à l’intérieur de ce nouveau paradigme, qui dissocie le processus physique de la vision de son traitement psychique, qu’il serait légitime de parler de la vision comme une construction mentale, comme une représentation. En examinant cette question à la lumière de plusieurs théories anciennes et médiévales, l’article aboutit à une conclusion différente. C’est depuis Aristote que la question de la vision comme représentation mentale est posée, du fait de la fonction majeure qui est conférée aux sens internes (phantasia, sens commun) dans l’élaboration du contenu de perception, et certaines théories sous influence néo-platonicienne, comme celles d’Augustin ou Avicenne, conçoivent clairement la vision directe comme une représentation psychique. Dans les Paralipomena ad Vitellionem, Kepler sépare l’optique comme science physique de la lumière de la psychologie de la perception ; mais cette dernière a déjà une longue histoire, tout comme l’idée de la vision comme représentation mentale.