bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seamless healthcare access: An efficient solution to access medical data using Internet of Things based multimedia communication
Authors: Madan Kumar C , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Al‐Shehari Taher , Kadrie Mohammed , Alfakih Taha , Alsalman Hussain , Amin Ruhul
Published: September 2024

In the present‐day scenario, multimedia technology serves as a vital medium for communication, facilitating the exchange of information among individuals across various sectors such as education, mass media, banking, and healthcare. In our proposal for a centralized system to store patient data, we aim to enhance healthcare services by enabling doctors to access the medical history of every patient seamlessly. To ensure hassle‐free services, we have devised a for authenticated key sharing protocol leveraging cryptographic hash functions for the Internet of Things healthcare system. A key advantage of our approach is that patients need not undergo medical tests repeatedly, unless it is deemed necessary due to diagnostic requirements. We have provided informal proof of the protocol's ability to safeguard against security threats. Furthermore, we have conducted simulations using the Scyther simulation tool to verify the strength of our protocol, affirming its safety and effectiveness. Our performance analysis section demonstrates significantly improved complexities compared to existing protocols, further emphasizing the reliability and efficiency of our proposed solution.
Outcomes of multi‐hole self‐expandable metal stents versus fully covered self‐expandable metal stents for malignant distal biliary obstruction in unresectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Takeda Tsuyoshi , Sasaki Takashi , Okamoto Takeshi , Mie Takafumi , Sato Yoichiro , Maegawa Yuri , Hirai Tatsuki , Suzuki Yukari , Furukawa Takaaki , Ozaka Masato , Sasahira Naoki
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The multi‐hole self‐expandable metal stent (MHSEMS) is a novel SEMS with multiple small side holes on the covering membrane to prevent stent migration while minimizing tumor ingrowth. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of MHSEMS in comparison with conventional covered SEMS (c‐CMS).

Methods

Consecutive patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer who underwent initial SEMS placement (MHSEMS or c‐CMS) for malignant distal biliary obstruction were analyzed. Technical success, clinical success, causes of recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO), non‐RBO adverse events, time to RBO (TRBO), and endoscopic reintervention were compared between groups.

Results

A total of 65 patients were included (MHSEMS: 27, c‐CMS: 38). The technical success, clinical success, and non‐RBO adverse event rates were similar between groups. Although stent migration was less frequently observed in the MHSEMS group (0% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.032), overall RBO rates were similar between groups (53.8% vs. 55.9%, p > 0.99). The most common cause of RBO within 14 days in the MHSEMS group was non‐occlusion cholangitis. Median TRBO was significantly shorter in the MHSEMS group (101 vs. 227 days, p = 0.030) and MHSEMS was an independent predictor for shorter TRBO in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 2.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–4.86; p = 0.034). Outcomes after endoscopic interventio were not significantly different between groups. Stent removal was successful in all attempted cases in both groups.

Conclusions

MHSEMS was associated with a significantly shorter TRBO compared to c‐CMS. Further modifications of the present MHSEMS may be needed.
Perforation of the bile duct caused by endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation: A case report
Authors: Sato Yoichiro , Okano Naoki , Hoshi Kensuke , Iwata Shuntaro , Kimura Yusuke , Iwasaki Susumu , Takuma Kensuke , Igarashi Yoshinori , Matsuda Takahisa
Published: September 2024

The patient was a woman in her 70s with multiple large biliary stones. Lithotripsy was attempted after endoscopic papillary large balloon dilatation. During balloon dilation, inflator resistance, and body movement due to patient pain were observed, and maximum pressure was required for the disappearance of the balloon waist. A bile duct perforation was observed when the balloon was deflated. Computed tomography after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed free air from the duodenal peritoneum to the right retroperitoneum. The patient was conservatively treated with nasobiliary drainage. Endoscopic large balloon dilatation is useful for large bile duct stones that are difficult to remove using endoscopic sphincterotomy alone or endoscopic papillary balloon dilation. Perforation is a potentially fatal adverse event; therefore, imaging of the intrapancreatic bile ducts should be performed before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and attention should be paid to the balloon dilation method.
Ventral body wall closure: Mechanistic insights from mouse models and translation to human pathology
Authors: Formstone Caroline , Aldeiri Bashar , Davenport Mark , Francis‐West Philippa
Published: September 2024

The ventral body wall (VBW) that encloses the thoracic and abdominal cavities arises by extensive cell movements and morphogenetic changes during embryonic development. These morphogenetic processes include embryonic folding generating the primary body wall; the initial ventral cover of the embryo, followed by directed mesodermal cell migrations, contributing to the secondary body wall. Clinical anomalies in VBW development affect approximately 1 in 3000 live births. However, the cell interactions and critical cellular behaviors that control VBW development remain little understood. Here, we describe the embryonic origins of the VBW, the cellular and morphogenetic processes, and key genes, that are essential for VBW development. We also provide a clinical overview of VBW anomalies, together with environmental and genetic influences, and discuss the insight gained from over 70 mouse models that exhibit VBW defects, and their relevance, with respect to human pathology. In doing so we propose a phenotypic framework for researchers in the field which takes into account the clinical picture. We also highlight cases where there is a current paucity of mouse models for particular clinical defects and key gaps in knowledge about embryonic VBW development that need to be addressed to further understand mechanisms of human VBW pathologies.
Eating Disorders in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults During and After the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Danish Nationwide Register‐Based Study
Authors: Sonne Heidi , Kildegaard Helene , Strandberg‐Larsen Katrine , Rasmussen Lotte , Wesselhoeft Rikke , Bliddal Mette
Published: September 2024

Objective

To assess incidence rates of clinically diagnosed eating disorders among Danish youth before, during, and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Method

This study used a population‐based time series analysis with individual‐level data from Danish healthcare registries. Participants included all Danish individuals aged 6–24 years from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2023. Monthly incident cases of any eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa were analyzed using interrupted time‐series analysis. We estimated the cumulative number of excess cases of incident eating disorder diagnoses and risk ratios (RR) associated with the pandemic and post‐pandemic periods compared with pre‐pandemic predictions.

Results

The study population encountered a mean of 1,310,542 individuals during the study period. The study included 11,693 individuals diagnosed with an eating disorder, median age 17 (IQR 14–20 years). Incident cases increased during the pandemic (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.15–1.45) and normalized post‐pandemic (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.91–1.25) compared with pre‐pandemic predictions. Similar patterns were seen for anorexia and bulimia. Increases were significant for ages 13–16 (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02–1.38), 17–19 (RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.25–1.83), and 20–24 (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.12–1.64). Post‐pandemically, a continued increase was observed only for ages 20–24 (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.02–1.71).

Conclusions

The study documents a temporary increase in diagnosed eating disorders among Danish youths during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with rates later returning to pre‐pandemic levels. These results provide insights into the pandemic's impact on adolescents and youths.
Biotic and abiotic factors associated with genome size evolution in oaks
Authors: Moreira Xoaquín , Hervella Pablo , Lago‐Núñez Beatriz , Galmán Andrea , de la Fuente María , Covelo Felisa , Marquis Robert J. , Vázquez‐González Carla , Abdala‐Roberts Luis
Published: September 2024

The evolutionary processes that underlie variation in plant genome size have been much debated. Abiotic factors are thought to have played an important role, with negative and positive correlations between genome size and seasonal or stressful climatic conditions being reported in several systems. In turn, variation in genome size may influence plant traits which affect interactions with other organisms, such as herbivores. The mechanisms underlying evolutionary linkages between plant genome size and biotic and abiotic factors nonetheless remain poorly understod. To address this gap, we conducted phylogenetically controlled analyses testing for associations between genome size, climatic variables, plant traits (defenses and nutrients), and herbivory across 29 oak (Quercus) species. Genome size is significantly associated with both temperature and precipitation seasonality, whereby oak species growing in climates with lower and less variable temperatures but more variable rainfall had larger genomes. In addition, we found a negative association between genome size and leaf nutrient concentration (found to be the main predictor of herbivory), which in turn led to an indirect effect on herbivory. A follow‐up test suggested that the association between genome size and leaf nutrients influencing herbivory was mediated by variation in plant growth, whereby species with larger genomes have slower growth rates, which in turn are correlated with lower nutrients. Collectively, these findings reveal novel associations between plant genome size and biotic and abiotic factors that may influence life history evolution and ecological dynamics in this widespread tree genus.
Seismic response analysis of monopile wind turbine under obliquely incident seismic waves
Authors: Wang Piguang , Lu Haiqiang , Gao Zhidong , Zhao Mi , Du Xiuli
Published: September 2024

When the seismic source is shallow or the wind turbine structure is moderately distant from the epicenter, it is necessary to consider the oblique incidence of planar body waves. To investigate the dynamic response law of wind turbine structures under oblique seismic wave incidence, this study establishes an integrated approach for analyzing the dynamic response of wind turbine structures considering oblique seismic wave incidence, incorporating one‐dimensional time‐domain site response analysis and viscoelastic artificial boundaries. By using the above seismic input method, the dynamic response law of a 5 MW monopile wind turbine under the obliquely incident P and SV waves are analyzed in detail when different characteristics, incident angles, propagation angles and vibration directions of waves are considered. Numerical studies show that the above factors have an important influence on the seismic response of the wind turbine structure.
Cardio‐ocular syndrome: Retinal microvascular changes in acutely decompensated heart failure
Authors: Abdin Amr , Abdin Alaa Din , Merone Giuseppe , Aljundi Wissam , Haring Bernhard , Abu Dail Yaser , Mahfoud Felix , Emrich Insa , Al Ghorani Hussam , Böhm Elsa Wilma , Seitz Berthold , Böhm Michael
Published: September 2024

Aims

To investigate the changes in retinal microvasculature by contemporary imaging techniques during episodes of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and following recompensation compared to age‐matched controls without known cardiac or retinal disease.

Methods and results

Adult patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of ADHF, regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and treated with a minimum dose of 40 mg of intravenous furosemide or equivalent were included. Transthoracic echocardiography was conducted in all patients. Eye examinations were performed out within the initial 24 h after admission and after recompensation before discharge. All eyes underwent a general examination, including a best corrected visual acuity test, dilated fundoscopy, spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) as well as OCT angiography (OCT‐A). In addition, 40 participants without documented cardiac or retinal diseases served as controls. Forty patients with ADHF (mean age 78.9 ± 8.8 years; 32% female) with a mean LVEF of 43 ± 12.8% were included. All patients were treated with intravenous diuretics for a median of 4.3 ± 2.8 days. There was a significant reduction in N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide from baseline up to discharge (10 396 [interquartile range 6410] vs. 6380 [interquartile range 3933] pg/ml, p ≤ 0.001) and inferior vena cava diameters (2.13 ± 0.4 vs. 1.63 ± 0.3 cm, p = 0.003). Compared to the control group, patients with ADHF showed on admission impaired visual acuity (0.15 ± 0.1 vs. 0.35 ± 0.1 logMAR, p < 0.001), reduced macular vessel density (18.0 ± 1.9 vs. 14.3 ± 3.6 mm/mm2, p < 0.001) and perfusion density (42.6 ± 3.2 vs. 35.2 ± 9.7%, p < 0.001). After recompensation, the mean overall vessel density and mean overall perfusion density were markedly increased at discharge (14.3 ± 3.6 vs. 19.7 ± 2.6 mm/mm2, p = 0.001, and 35.2 ± 9.7 vs. 39.2 ± 6.5%, p = 0.005, respectively). The mean diameter of the superior temporal retinal vein at admission was significantly larger compared to the control group (136 ± 19 vs. 124 ± 22 μm, p = 0.008) and decreased significantly to 122 ± 15 μm at discharge (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This analysis revealed a remarkable reversible change in retinal microvasculature after ADHF. This could provide a valuable evidence for use of OCT‐A in the assessment of overall microperfusion and haemodynamic status in patients with acute heart failure.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Ketones and Aldimines with Ammonia Borane
Authors: Sun Xiong , Xie Zhuoyi , Li Pinggui , Zou Lianghua
Published: September 2024

Efficient hydrogenation of organic compounds employing low‐cost and easy‐to‐synthesize catalysts is highly desirable as the corresponding hydrogenated products have significant importance in pharmaceutical and fine‐chemical industries. Herein, a cobalt(II) complex supported by α‐diimine ligand has been easily prepared by treatment of anhydrous CoCl2 with diimine, which can catalyze the hydrogenation of unsaturated bond with ammonia borane as the hydrogen source. A variety of ketones and aldimines bearing diverse functional groups can be reduced to corresponding alcohols and amines in moderate to excellent yields at ambient conditions. It is noteworthy that several readily reducible functional groups such as nitro and cyano are tolerated under the standard reaction conditions. Furthermore, the gram‐scale reaction has been successfully carried out and the procedure could be handled easily, which both make this methodology general and practical.
Predicting special forces dropout via explainable machine learning
Authors: Huijzer Rik , de Jonge Peter , Blaauw Frank J. , Baatenburg de Jong Maurits , de Wit Age , Den Hartigh Ruud J. R.
Published: September 2024

Selecting the right individuals for a sports team, organization, or military unit has a large influence on the achievements of the organization. However, the approaches commonly used for selection are either not reporting predictive performance or not explainable (i.e., black box models). In the present study, we introduce a novel approach to selection research, using various machine learning models. We examined 274 special forces recruits, of whom 196 dropped out, who performed a set of physical and psychological tests. On this data, we compared four machine learning models on their predictive performance, explainability, and stability. We found that a stable rule‐based (SIRUS) model was most suitable for classifying dropouts from the special forces selection program. With an averaged area under the curve score of 0.70, this model had good predictive performance, while remaining explainable and stable. Furthermore, we found that both physical and psychological variables were related to dropout. More specifically, a higher score on the 2800 m time, need for connectedness, and skin folds was most strongly associated with dropping out. We discuss how researchers and practitioners can benefit from these insights in sport and performance contexts.
From structure to function: A comprehensive overview of polysaccharide roles and applications
Authors: Xu Bo‐wen , Li Sai‐sai , Ding Wen‐li , Zhang Cai , Rehman Mujeeb Ur , Tareen Muhammad Farooq , Wang Li , Huang Shu‐cheng
Published: September 2024

Polysaccharides, also known as glycans, are biological macromolecules consisting of many monosaccharide units. Alongside proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, they constitute the four fundamental substances crucial for life activities and essential for the growth and development of living organisms. As natural products with inherent biological activity, polysaccharides are widely available, nontoxic, and possess numerous functional properties, holding immense potential for advancement in food, medicine, and cosmetics. Furthermore, the exploration of polysaccharide‐based drugs, as an alternative to conventional therapies, emerges as a promising avenue for addressing future disease challenges. This article comprehensively reviews the sources, structural characteristics, synthesis, degradation, functions, and applications of polysaccharides. The potential of polysaccharides for pharmacological applications, in antitumor, antiaging, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, and anticoagulant properties, is summarized. Additionally, the role of polysaccharides in environmental protection is discussed. It is anticipated that this review will offer innovative strategic insights, serving as a theoretical foundation and inspiration for the subsequent research on polysaccharides in healthcare.
Design of experiments with the support of machine learning for process parameter optimization of all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Kuo , Liang Jiaojiao , Li Zhennan , Zhou Haixin , Nie Cong , Deng Jiahao , Zhao Xiaojie , Peng Xinyu , Chen Ziye , Peng Zhiyan , Huang Di , Jang Hun Soo , Kong Jaemin , Zou Yingping
Published: September 2024

Traditionally, squaraine dyes have been studied and employed in biomedical research due to their excellent optical properties, and the molecules are being adopted in different research fields such as organic solar cells. In this study, we investigate correlations between solar cell performance and processing parameters of all‐small‐molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells comprising squaraine (SQ) as electron donor (D) and non‐fullerene small molecules (e.g., ITIC) as electron acceptor (A) with the help of machine learning (ML) and design of experiment (DoE) methods. Among the five predictive ML models tested with the selected parameters, the eXtreme gradient boosting model shows the satisfactory results with quite high coefficient of determination of 0.999 and 0.997 in training and testing sets, respectively. By measuring the contribution of each input variable to solar cell efficiency, four process parameters, that is, the total concentration, the ratio of D/A, the rotational speed of spin coating, and the annealing temperature, are found to be the key features strongly correlated to solar cell efficiency. From contour plots in DoE, the highest solar cell efficiency of approximately 5% can be predicted under the conditions of 15 mg mL−1 in solution concentration, a 1:2 mix ratio of D and A, rotational speeds ranging from 800 to 900 rpm, and annealing temperatures within 100–110°C. Using the suggested parameter conditions, we fabricated solar cells, achieving a quite high efficiency of approximately 4%. Besides the global optimization conditions, we also employ the solvent vapor annealing combination to the thermal annealing to facilitate further mobilization of molecules and more optimized microstructure of bulk heterojunction films, resulting in a further enhancement in solar cell efficiency of more than 20%.
Interval Forecasting of Carbon Price With a Novel Hybrid Multiscale Decomposition and Bootstrap Approach
Authors: Zhu Bangzhu , Wan Chunzhuo , Wang Ping , Chevallier Julien
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a novel hybrid multiscale decomposition and bootstrap approach for carbon price interval forecasting, aiming to overcome the limitations of traditional carbon price point forecasting. The original carbon price is decomposed into simple modes using the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), and various bootstrap methods are applied to perform a random sampling with a replacement on each mode, generating pseudo datasets forecasted using extreme gradient boosting (XGB). The forecasting values of all modes are then integrated into the original carbon price interval forecasting values. The empirical results, based on samples from China's Guangdong and Hubei carbon markets, provide compelling evidence of the effectiveness of our model. It achieves higher forecasting accuracy, higher interval coverage, and narrower forecasting intervals than currently popular prediction models, instilling confidence in its potential to enhance carbon price forecasting.
The role of ATP citrate lyase in myelin formation and maintenance
Authors: Schneider Andrew , Won Seongsik , Armstrong Eric A. , Cooper Aaron J. , Suresh Amulya , Rivera Rachell , Barrett‐Wilt Gregory , Denu John M. , Simcox Judith A. , Svaren John
Published: September 2024

Formation of myelin by Schwann cells is tightly coupled to peripheral nervous system development and is important for neuronal function and long‐term maintenance. Perturbation of myelin causes a number of specific disorders that are among the most prevalent diseases affecting the nervous system. Schwann cells synthesize myelin lipids de novo rather than relying on uptake of circulating lipids, yet one unresolved matter is how acetyl CoA, a central metabolite in lipid formation is generated during myelin formation and maintenance. Recent studies have shown that glucose‐derived acetyl CoA itself is not required for myelination. However, the importance of mitochondrially‐derived acetyl CoA has never been tested for myelination in vivo. Therefore, we have developed a Schwann cell‐specific knockout of the ATP citrate lyase (Acly) gene to determine the importance of mitochondrial metabolism to supply acetyl CoA in nerve development. Intriguingly, the ACLY pathway is important for myelin maintenance rather than myelin formation. In addition, ACLY is required to maintain expression of a myelin‐associated gene program and to inhibit activation of the latent Schwann cell injury program.
Investigating the impact of COVID‐19 on international student wellbeing in Australia
Authors: Backman Bettina , George Neetu , Whiteside Bianca , McKay Fiona H. , Dunn Matthew
Published: September 2024

Issue Addressed

International students are at a heightened risk of experiencing negative health and wellbeing outcomes, which was further exacerbated during the COVID‐19 lockdowns. This research sought to explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the health and wellbeing of international students in Australia.

Methods

Thirty‐one international students participated in qualitative in‐depth interviews between March and April 2022 to explore their experiences of health and wellbeing during 2020–2021 while they lived and studied in Australia. Interviews were coded and analysed thematically using NVivo software.

Results

Findings highlight the impact of the pandemic on international students' mental, social and financial wellbeing, including worry about loved ones, social isolation, financial and employment insecurity and challenges related to online learning. The pandemic exacerbated and brought more attention to existing issues and placed students in unequal positions in relation to domestic students and each other.

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 pandemic has increased students' vulnerability to poor mental health and to a range of social and financial issues.

So What?

The findings of this study highlight the need for support strategies to improve international students' mental health and social wellbeing outcomes in Australia.
Rabies control in Ghana: Stakeholders interventions, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Emikpe Benjamin Obukowho , Asare Derrick Adu , Tasiame William , Segbaya Sylvester , Takyi Prince Nana , Allegye‐Cudjoe Emmanuel
Published: September 2024

Background

Rabies remains a significant public health issue in Ghana, predominantly affecting rural communities with limited access to health care and veterinary services. The disease is primarily transmitted through bites from infected domestic dogs and leads to many deaths worldwide each year. Despite various interventions, Ghana continues to struggle with rabies control and prevention. This narrative paper focuses on rabies control in Ghana, examining stakeholders' interventions, challenges faced, and opportunities available.

Methods

The paper reviews existing rabies control measures in Ghana, including dog vaccination efforts and One Health strategies. It also discusses the limitations of these interventions, such as minimal vaccination coverage, weak surveillance, and inadequate intersectoral coordination.

Results

Ghana has implemented dog vaccination campaigns, but coverage remains minimal. Additionally, weak disease surveillance, cultural perceptions, and inadequate coordination across sectors have hampered the country's ability to control rabies effectively.

Conclusion

Adopting One Health principles, which integrate human, animal, and environmental health efforts, is emphasized as a critical strategy to eliminate rabies in Ghana by 2030. By addressing these challenges and leveraging available opportunities, Ghana can strengthen its rabies control programs and work toward a rabies‐free future.
Oligometastatic non‐small cell lung cancer: Impact of local and contemporary systemic treatment approaches on clinical outcome
Authors: Wiesweg Marcel , Küter Claudia , Schnorbach Johannes , Keyl Julius , Metzenmacher Martin , Cvetkovic Jelena , Saalfeld Felix Carl , Glanemann Franziska , Eberhardt Wilfried , Oezkan Filiz , Theegarten Dirk , Stenzinger Albrecht , Darwiche Kaid , Koschel Dirk , Herth Felix , Bölükbas Servet , Winter Hauke , Weykamp Fabian , Wermke Martin , Stuschke Martin , Plönes Till , Thomas Michael , Schuler Martin , Christopoulos Petros
Published: September 2024

Oligometastatic (OMD) non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a distinct but heterogeneous entity. Current guidelines recommend systemic therapy and consolidation with local ablative therapy (LAT). However, evidence regarding the optimal choice of multimodal treatment approaches is lacking, in particular with respect to the integration of immunotherapy. This real‐world study identified 218 patients with OMD NSCLC (2004–2023, prespecified criteria: ≤5 metastases in ≤2 organ systems) from three major German comprehensive cancer centers. Most patients had one (72.5%) or two (17.4%) metastatic lesions in a single (89.9%) organ system. Overall survival (OS) was significantly longer with a single metastatic lesion (HR 0.54, p = .003), and female gender (HR 0.4, p < .001). Median OS of the full cohort was 27.8 months, with 29% survival at 5 years. Patients who had completed LAT to all NSCLC sites, typically excluding patients with early progression, had a median OS of 34.4 months (37.7% 5‐year OS rate) with a median recurrence‐free survival (RFS) of 10.9 months (13.3% at 5 years). In those patients, systemic treatment as part of first‐line therapy was associated with doubling of RFS (12.3 vs. 6.4 months, p < .001). Despite limited follow‐up of patients receiving chemo‐immunotherapy (EU approval 2018/2019), RFS was greatly improved by adding checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy (HR 0.44, p = .008, 2‐year RFS 51.4% vs. 15.1%). In conclusion, patients with OMD NSCLC benefitted from multimodality approaches integrating systemic therapy and local ablation of all cancer sites. A substantial proportion of patients achieved extended OS, suggesting a potential for cure that can be further augmented with the addition of immunotherapy.
A longitudinal investigation of parenting, depression, and counseling use among Asian American adolescents
Authors: Kalibatseva Zornitsa , Wu Ivan H. C. , Qin Desiree B. , Settles Isis H. , Buchanan NiCole T. , Leong Frederick T. L.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Asian American adolescents are equally or more likely to experience depression but less likely to seek treatment for depression than adolescents from other racial and ethnic groups in the US. The current study examined the long‐term effects of parental care, parental control, and parental closeness on depression and counseling use among Asian American adolescents.

Methods

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we conducted a cross‐lagged path analysis with 270 Asian American adolescents (48.1% female; 51.9% male). The study used data from Waves I, II, and III (1994–2002) with participants' mean ages ranging from 14 to 23.

Results

Findings indicated that the cross‐sectional relationships between parenting characteristics and depression were stronger than the longitudinal relationships suggesting that parenting practices may be a stronger proximal, rather than distal, predictor of depression. Specifically, parental closeness was associated with less depression in early and mid‐adolescence (age 12–18), but the relationship changed direction in young adulthood (age 18–26). Additionally, a significant interaction suggested that parental care was related to fewer depressive symptoms for those who reported high, compared to low, parental control in mid‐adolescence (age 14–18). Furthermore, high parental care was associated with more counseling use at high levels of control. However, high parental care was associated with less counseling use at low levels of parental control in early adolescence.

Conclusion

These results highlight the importance of understanding parenting characteristics using longitudinal designs when examining the development of depression and help‐seeking behaviors among Asian American adolescents.
Urban Black adolescents' victimization experiences: The moderating role of family factors on internalizing and academic outcomes
Authors: Hernandez Belinda E. , McDaniel Heather L. , Bradshaw Catherine P.
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the moderating role of family factors on victimization experiences and internalizing and academic outcomes. Data (collected 2017–2019) on 471 Black urban ninth graders (51% male; Mage = 14 years) with elevated externalizing symptoms were analyzed and we explored how the interaction between (self‐reported) racial socialization, parent relations, and (teacher‐reported) family academic involvement and (self‐reported) violence exposure, racial discrimination, and (teacher‐reported) bullying potentially influenced (student‐ and teacher‐reported) anxiety and depression, and (student‐reported) academic engagement and negative school attitudes. High racial socialization and parent relations were associated with lower internalizing symptoms for youth with discrimination and heard violence, respectively. High academic involvement and parent relations were linked with higher internalizing symptoms for youth with discrimination and high parent relations were linked with higher anxiety for bullied youth. Racial socialization and parent relations may help offset the potential influence of discrimination and heard violence, respectively, for adolescents.
Effects of an untreated medial meniscal ramp lesion on histological deterioration findings of the medial meniscus: A study in a porcine anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction model
Authors: Saitsu Akihiro , Takahashi Tsuneari , Kakiage Hibiki , Hatayama Kazuhisa , Kubo Tatsuya , Matsumoto Yuta , Takeshita Katsushi
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of untreated medial meniscal ramp lesions (MMRLs) on the tendon graft after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and histological findings of medial meniscus (MM) in a porcine a model.

Methods

A total of 17 pigs were divided into two groups: (1) the untreated MMRL group (UM group, n = 9) and (2) intact MM group (n = 8) and euthanized 12 weeks after surgery. The specimens were then tested cyclically and loaded to failure. Side‐to‐side differences (SSDs) in translation under cyclic loading and structural properties were analyzed. Histological evaluation of the MM was also performed.

Results

No significant differences in the SSD in translation during the cyclic testing (UM group, 0.3 ± 0.4 mm; intact MM group, 0.1 ± 1.4 mm), upper yield load (UM group, 476.3 ± 399.9 N; intact MM group, 643.2 ± 302.9 N), maximum load (UM group, 539.5 ± 265.8 N; intact MM group, 705.8 ± 282.6 N), linear stiffness (UM group, 63.5 ± 39.0 N/mm; intact MM group, 73.7 ± 60.1 N/mm) and elongation at failure (UM group, −4.6 ± 16.3 mm; intact MM group, 2.3 ± 6.6 mm) were observed. However, the UM group had significantly worse Modified Mankin's histological grading scores (1.8 ± 0.4 [1–2] vs. 0 ± 0 [0]; p < 0.001) and Modified Copenhaver classification scores (6.6 ± 2.4 [2–9] vs. 0.7 ± 1.1 [0–3]; p < 0.001) than did the intact MM group.

Conclusion

Untreated MMRLs showed postoperative histological deterioration.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Newborn screening algorithm distinguishing potential symptomatic isovaleric acidemia from asymptomatic newborns
Authors: Rock Rachel , Rock Oded , Daas Suha , Biton‐Regev Vered , Sagiv Nadav , Salah Nasser Abu , Anikster Yair , Barel Ortal , Cohen Ronen Hady , Dumin Elena , Fattal‐Valevski Aviva , Falik‐Zaccai Tzipora , Herskovitz Eli , Josefsberg Sagi , Khammash Hatem , Kneller Katya , Korman Stanley H. , Landau Yuval E. , Lerman‐Sagie Tally , Mandel Hanna , Pras Elon , Reznik‐Wolf Haike , Shaag Avraham , Lotan Nava Shaul , Spiegel Ronen , Tal Galit , Staretz‐Chacham Orna , Wilnai Yael , Almashanu Shlomo
Published: September 2024

Newborn screening (NBS) for isovaleric acidemia (IVA) reduces mortality and morbidity; however, it has also resulted in the detection of individuals with an asymptomatic or mild presentation for which early detection via newborn screening has not been proven to alter neurological outcome. We reevaluated biochemical and molecular data for newborns flagged positive for IVA in aim of developing a new screening algorithm to exclude the latter from positive screening. Among 2 794 365 newborns underwent routine newborn screening in Israel, 412 flagged positive for IVA, of which, 371 were false positives on recall sample testing and 41 positive newborns were referred to the clinic. 38/41 have biochemical and molecular confirmation in keeping with IVA. Among the 38 patients, 32% (12/38) were classified as symptomatic while, 68% (26/38) were classified as asymptomatic. 69% of the latter group harbor the known variant associated with mild potentially asymptomatic phenotype, c.932C>T; p. Ala311Val. Among asymptomatic patients, only 46% (12/26) are currently treated. Two novel variants have been detected in the IVD gene: c.487G>A; p. Ala163Thr and c.985A>G; p. Met329Val. Cut‐off recalculation, of referred newborns' initial biochemical results, after classifying the referred patients to two binary groups of symptomatic and asymptomatic, resulted in an improved NBS algorithm comprising of C5 >5 μM and C5/C2>0.2 and C5/C3>4 flagging only those likely to have the classic symptomatic phenotype.
Perspectives Toward an Integrative Structural Biology Pipeline With Atomic Force Microscopy Topographic Images
Authors: Pellequer Jean‐Luc
Published: September 2024

After the recent double revolutions in structural biology, which include the use of direct detectors for cryo‐electron microscopy resulting in a significant improvement in the expected resolution of large macromolecule structures, and the advent of AlphaFold which allows for near‐accurate prediction of any protein structures, the field of structural biology is now pursuing more ambitious targets, including several MDa assemblies. But complex target systems cannot be tackled using a single biophysical technique. The field of integrative structural biology has emerged as a global solution. The aim is to integrate data from multiple complementary techniques to produce a final three‐dimensional model that cannot be obtained from any single technique. The absence of atomic force microscopy data from integrative structural biology platforms is not necessarily due to its nm resolution, as opposed to Å resolution for x‐ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, or electron microscopy. Rather a significant issue was that the AFM topographic data lacked interpretability. Fortunately, with the introduction of the AFM‐Assembly pipeline and other similar tools, it is now possible to integrate AFM topographic data into integrative modeling platforms. The advantages of single molecule techniques, such as AFM, include the ability to confirm experimentally any assembled molecular models or to produce alternative conformations that mimic the inherent flexibility of large proteins or complexes. The review begins with a brief overview of the historical developments of AFM data in structural biology, followed by an examination of the strengths and limitations of AFM imaging, which have hindered its integration into modern modeling platforms. This review discusses the correction and improvement of AFM topographic images, as well as the principles behind the AFM‐Assembly pipeline. It also presents and discusses a series of challenges that need to be addressed in order to improve the incorporation of AFM data into integrative modeling platform.
Endoscopic diagnosis of asymptomatic appendicitis in a pediatric patient
Authors: Mostafavi Mojdeh , Katz Aubrey J.
Published: September 2024

Incidental diagnosis of asymptomatic appendicitis is exceptionally rare, even more so when identified endoscopically. This is among the first reported cases of appendicitis incidentally diagnosed during colonoscopy in a pediatric patient. Most notably, the identification of subclinical appendicitis allowed for early referral to pediatric surgery for management, which in turn may have prevented progression to acute symptomatic appendicitis.
Unraveling consumer behavior: Exploring the influence of consumer ethnocentrism, domestic country bias, brand trust, and purchasing intentions
Authors: Kinawy Ream Nabil
Published: September 2024

This narrative review examines consumer ethnocentrism, the preference for domestic products over foreign ones, as a significant factor influencing consumer behavior in both emerging and developed markets. Studies suggest that ethnocentric tendencies are more pronounced in emerging markets, driven by factors like national pride, perceived superiority, and familiarity with local products. This preference for domestic products is often linked to domestic country bias, the general inclination toward goods and brands from one's own country. However, this bias is not absolute and is moderated by product quality perceptions and the perceived capabilities of developing nations to produce high‐quality goods. In contrast, consumers in developed markets, exposed to international brands, may display a greater openness to foreign products, often driven by psychological factors like self‐expression and the symbolic value associated with these brands. Understanding these nuances of consumer ethnocentrism and domestic country bias is crucial for businesses to effectively tailor their marketing strategies and cater to diverse consumer preferences in different markets.
Optimizing insect repellence in open sun drying of fish through the combined influence of salt, turmeric, pepper and the bacteriocin nisin under tropical conditions
Authors: Nusrat Nadia , Reza Md. Shaheed , Hasan Muhammad Mehedi , Kamal Md.
Published: September 2024

Background

Sun drying of fish in open air is an age‐old traditional practice in Asia and some other parts of the world. This study aims to suggest optimal field doses of turmeric, pepper, salt and the bacteriocin nisin (food additive, E234) for open‐sun‐dried silver jewfish (Johnius argentatus) under a tropical environment. Investigations were carried out on the blowfly infestation, proximate composition, water reconstitution properties and organoleptic and microbial quality of open‐air‐dried fish samples.

Results

A direct relationship between moisture reduction and drying period was observed with salt‐treated samples demonstrating accelerated moisture reduction, reaching as low as 14.1% after 34 h. Turmeric and pepper treatments provided some protection against weight loss but ultimately extended the drying time to 38 h. Botanical pesticides like turmeric or pepper exhibited significant efficacy against blowfly adult and larval infestation with similar efficacy observed in 15% and 25% salt‐treated samples. Proximate composition analysis revealed that salt‐treated samples had lower moisture ranging from 14.1% to 16.0% but higher protein of 58.2%–62.1%, while the lipid and ash content did not vary significantly (p > 0.05). The water reconstitution properties of salt‐treated samples exhibited superior rehydration rates, with the highest in nisin (Niseen S) + 15% salt‐treated samples at 60°C, while organoleptic evaluations revealed salt‐treated samples to possess favourable attributes with minimal insect infestation and broken pieces. Finally, microbial analysis demonstrated the lowest aerobic plate count in dried fish samples treated with nisin (Niseen S) alone or in combination with 15% salt and/or 3% turmeric ranging from 3.97 ± 0.20 to 4.33 ± 0.07 log cfu/g.

Conclusion

It is concluded that 200 ppm nisin (Niseen S)‐treated samples in combination with 3% turmeric and/or 15% salt are a viable option for producing high‐quality dried fish in traditional open‐air sun‐drying practices.
Species selection for automatic chemical kinetic mechanism generation
Authors: Johnson Matthew S. , Pang Hao‐Wei , Liu Mengjie , Green William H.
Published: September 2024

Many important chemical kinetic systems require detailed chemical kinetic models to resolve. These detailed kinetic models can involve thousands of species and hundreds of thousands of chemical reactions, making them difficult to construct by hand. Modern automatic mechanism generation algorithms can mostly be divided into two classes: rule and rate based. Rule‐based generators choose species based on user defined constraints on species and reaction classes. Rate‐based generators generate a much larger set of potentially important species and reactions and then choose which ones to add based on running simulations of species and reactions deemed important and calculating the flux to potentially important species. In principle, the latter is preferable, as it requires the user to make far fewer assumptions about what is important in the system. However, while the effectiveness of the rate‐based approach has been demonstrated in a wide variety of systems, it has also been demonstrated to have difficulty picking up important low‐flux chemistries. Here we present a discussion of the challenges associated with rate‐based mechanism generation and new algorithms that are able to efficiently mitigate these challenges improving species selection during mechanism generation in a set of case studies.
All Inorganic Scintillating Fiber for Thermal Neutron Detection
Authors: Zhu Hongliang , Lv Shichao , Hou Dianhao , Li Xueliang , Zhang Feng , Jiang Tianzhi , Yang Zhenlei , Li Jin , Zhou Shifeng , Li Yulan
Published: September 2024

Thermal neutron detection with scintillating fibers has excellent scientific and technological potential for remote and spatially resolved detection. However, most fibers are polymers, and developing all‐inorganic scintillating fibers remains a significant challenge. Herein, all‐inorganic scintillating fibers and prototype neutron detection devices are successfully constructed for neutron detection. The scintillating fibers with a perfect waveguide configuration and tunable size have been fabricated through the melt‐in‐tube method. The interactions between the thermal neutron and scintillating fiber have been theoretically analyzed. The dependence of the neutron absorption ability on the core diameter, cladding thickness, and 6Li abundance has been investigated. Guided by the above experimental and theoretical results, the configuration of the scintillating fiber and the corresponding neutron detection prototype device has been built. Its practical application for neutron detection has been demonstrated, and importantly, the single thermal neutron event can be successfully monitored. The device shows great promise for neutron detection applications in special scenarios such as tiny space and electromagnetic interference environments.
Amyloid Proteins Adhesive for Slippery Liquid‐Infused Porous Surfaces
Authors: Feng Na , Miao Shuting , Guo Xin , Yang Ziyi , Yan Luke , Yang Peng , Kong Jia
Published: September 2024

Biomimetic slippery liquid‐infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) have emerged as a promising solution to solve the limitations of superhydrophobic surfaces, such as inadequate durability in corrosion protection and a propensity for frosting. However, the challenge of ensuring strong, lasting adhesion on diverse materials to enhance the durability of the lubricant layer remains. The research addresses this by leveraging amyloid phase‐transitioned lysozyme (PTL) as an adhesive interlayer, conferring stable attachment of SLIPS across a variety of substrates, including metals, inorganics, and polymers. The silica‐textured interface robustly secures the lubricant with a notably low sliding angle of 1.15°. PTL‐mediated adhesion fortifies the silicone oil attachment to the substrate, ensuring the retention of its repellent efficacy amidst mechanical stressors like ultrasonication, water scrubbing, and centrifugation. The integration of robust adhesion, cross‐substrate compatibility, and durability under stress affords the PTL‐modified SLIPS exceptional anti‐fouling, anti‐icing, and anti‐corrosion properties, marking it as a leading solution for advanced protective applications.
Elastomer Particle Monolayers Formed by the Compression of Poly(methyl acrylate) Microparticles at an Air/Water Interface
Authors: Sasaki Yuma , Nishizawa Yuichiro , Watanabe Natsuki , Uchihashi Takayuki , Suzuki Daisuke
Published: September 2024

In the previous study (Green Chem., 2023, 25, 3418), highly stretchable and mechanically tough poly(methyl acrylate) (pMA) microparticle‐based elastomers can be formed by drying a microparticle‐containing aqueous dispersion. This discovery has the potential to overcome the mechanical weakness of industrially produced aqueous latex films. However, in 3D‐arranged particle films, structural complexity, such as the existence of defects, makes it difficult to clearly understand the relationship between the particle film structure and its mechanical properties. In this study, 2D‐ordered pMA particle monolayers at the air/water interface of a Langmuir trough are prepared. Under high compression at the air/water interface, the microparticles contact their neighboring particles, and the resulting monolayers can be successfully transferred onto a solid substrate. The compression of the monolayer films is linked to an increase in the elastic modulus of the monolayer film on the solid substrate as evident from the local Young's modulus mapping using atomic force microscopy. Thus, pMA particle films with different mechanical properties can be created using a Langmuir trough.