bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triunfo Parténico: jeroglífico barroco
Authors: Pascual Buxó José
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- El Triunfo Parténico realizado en 1683 por Sigüenza y Góngora en honor del misterio de la Inmaculada Concepción ha sido largo tiempo despreciado por la crítica universitaria, hostil al gongorismo. La obra pertenece al género de la relación. Este se caracteriza a la vez por su coherencia temática e ideológica y por su índole híbrida. Estudio de los paradigmas estéticos y de los procedimientos retóricos utilizados en la descripción de los altares a la gloria de la Virgen. El jeroglífico como sistema de interpretación simbólica universal y modo de acceso al conocimiento.
L'air du temps dans un conte de Silvina Ocampo
Authors: Mangin Annick
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- « To rise from the dead is not as agréable as one might suppose but it's interesting » says the narrator of Silvina Ocampo's « La sinfonía ». Such is the narrative situation proposed by this story which plays with the privileged point of view it implies, of a transgresive nature since it comes from beyond the grave ; or, how the supernatural in the heart of everyday reality projects a scoured as well as a scouring look on all sorts of conventionalisms, whether social, sentimental, or linguistic, and on human condition and creation itself.
Le monde précolombien dans l'œuvre d'Octavio Paz
Authors: Nérée Marcel
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- Para evidenciar las relaciones que existen entre la creación literaria de Octavio Paz y la cultura precolombina de México, presentamos en este artículo el contenido de un estudio del léxico de esta obra. Luego analizamos la presencia en los escritos de este autor de los rasgos fundamentales de la filosofía de los antiguos mexicanos, estudiando en particular la presencia de la dualidad mesoamericana en sus textos, así como la del símbolo solar como expresión de la realidad mexicana. La conclusión define, a través de los conceptos de intraliteratura e intrarealidad, los vínculos que unen íntimamente las estructuras profundas de la obra de Octavio Paz al substrato precolombino que todavía vive en la realidad mexicana.
Le peintre et les lettrés. Alejandro Obregón, la plume à la main (1948)
Authors: Gilard Jacques
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- Un texte écrit en 1948 par Alejandro Obregón, reproduit à la fin de l'article, révèle une facette ignorée de ce grand peintre colombien et montre comment ses recherches plastiques s'inscrivaient dans un courant d'idées qui a aussi renouvelé la littérature de son pays.
Itinéraires d'un passeur : Jesús Morales Bermúdez, romancier chiapanèque
Authors: Dauzier Martine
Published: November 2013

RESUME- L'itinéraire du romancier ladino J. Morales Bermúdez, de Memorial del tiempo - 1987 - à Ceremonial— 1992 —, introduit d'une manière magistrale et prophétique à l'univers socio-politique et littéraire du Chiapas. Son œuvre permet aussi de réfléchir sur les travaux des anthropologues comme sur les débats qui entourent la nouvelle création en langues indiennes. Morales Bermúdez traite avec acuité de l'oralité et donne à entendre la mémoire indienne, le conflit entre la tradition et les oublis des jeunes générations, et l'Histoire mise en pièces.
Poètes du monde aztèque, Tenochtitlan, Mexico et le premier roman multimédia
Authors: Fernandes Carla
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- La ley del amor (1995), the second novel of the Mexican Laura Esquivei, is cleverly presented as the first multimedia novel in history. In spite of its apparent modernity, the story told by this hybrid book-object is a parable where the weight of the mexican past appears as fundamental. Verses by aztec poets and Tenochtitlan's reproduction naturally contribute to the construction of a multimedia model but through fiction proceedings that are in short very traditional.
Bosch dans les Andes : le millénium pictural de Marcelo Suaznábar
Authors: Teulière Gérard
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- La pintura actual del boliviano Marcelo Suaznábar arraiga tanto en el milenarismo andino como en una tradición medieval, heredada principalmente del Bosco, que asocia la obsesión agustiniana por el pecado con la locura del mundo y la inminente llegada del fin de los Tiempos.
La mort de Quetzalcoatl : un modèle exemplaire pour les obsèques des seigneurs mexicains
Authors: Johansson K. Patrick
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- El relato de la huida de Quetzalcoatl hacia Titilan, Tlapallan ha sido generalmente considerado como un texto mítico-histórico referente a un acontecimiento real que podría haber ocurrido en Tula, en un año 1-cafia del calendario náhuatl. Sin nulificar esta interpretación, proponemos en este artículo otra lectura de los programas narrativos de un relato que establece, según nuestra hipótesis, la «ley de Topiltzin», es decir la inexorable finitud de la existencia humana, el protocolo ritual correspondiente a las exequias de los señores mexicanos, así como el recorrido del difunto en el inframundo antes de su renacimiento ígneo en Titilan, Tlapallan, lugar mítico de la regeneración, pero también pira funeraria sobre la cual se consume el ser, divino o humano, que renace pronto de sus cenizas.
Felipe II frente a las culturas y a los discursos prehispánicos de América. De la transculturación a la erradicación
Authors: Baudot Georges
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- When he finally assumes his empire's responsibilities in 1556, Philip II is still trying to understand the good reception of the famous letter sent by Fray Toribio de Benavente Motolinia to his father Charles V, on January 2nd of the preceding year, in which the Franciscan accuses violently friar Bartolomé de Las Casas of ignoring completely all about America's Prehispanic reality. Nevertheless, in 1577-1578, that is nearly 22 years later, Philip II ordered the confiscation of the great work dealing with the knowledge of Precolumbian civilisation in central Mexico, written by another Franciscan, Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, and forbade absolutely all research and publication of any sort of books dealing with the subject. What are the reasons for this change and for this meaningful political break towards Prehispanic Meso-American reality ?
Viejas polémicas sobre el Nuevo Mundo. Alfonso Reyes: Historiografía y Argumentación
Authors: Houvenaghel Eugenia
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- Partiremos desde el punto de vista general de que no existe interpretación histórica inocente. La historiografía de Hispanoamérica resulta particularmente polémica: un eterno debate divide a los historiadores en colonialistas o prohispanistas, por un lado, e indigenistas o antihispanistas, por otro. Sobre esta base, y a pesar de que los ensayos históricos de Alfonso Reyes presentan muchos rasgos narrativos, los consideraremos como argumentativos. Retendremos, del breve repaso por los ensayos históricos de nuestro autor, que Reyes no suele abogar explícitamente a favor de su versión hispanista de los acontecimientos históricos sino que prefiere argumentar indirectamente, sirviéndose de técnicas literarias tales como la narración, el diálogo ficticio o la descripción.
Incertidumbre resplandeciente. Breve incursión en la narrativa escrita durante la década del 90 en la Isla de Cuba
Authors: Casamayor Cisneros Odette
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- To a more or less extensive degree, it's uncertainty that characterises the attitude of Cuban narrative in the 1990s. This situation is registered in a tense political and social reality. The island's young intellectuals therefore searched for new utopias, by rereading national classics, through nihilism, absurd or the most radical iconoclasm. We try to glance through this varied universe with this small foray, brief and not at all exhaustive, into Cuban narrative literature.
Was Jeju Island a glacial refugium for East Asian warm‐temperate plants? Insights from the homosporous fern Selliguea hastata (Polypodiaceae)
Authors: Chung Mi Yoon , Moon Myung‐Ok , López‐Pujol Jordi , Maki Masayuki , Yamashiro Tadashi , Yukawa Tomohisa , Sugiura Naoto , Lee Yung‐I , Chung Myong Gi
Published: November 2013

• Premise of the study: We posed two hypotheses for broad scenarios of postglacial recolonization of Korea by the warm‐temperate vegetation: (1) that extant Korean populations are derived from a single refugium, or (2) that they are derived from multiple refugia. We chose a homosporous fern typical of East Asian warm‐temperate vegetation, Selliguea hastata, to test which of the two scenarios is more likely and to check whether Japan contained putative glacial refugia.

• Methods: Using 16 allozyme loci, we obtained genotypes of 756 individuals from 20 populations, representative of the whole distribution area in Korea (including Jeju Island), Japan, and Taiwan. We assessed genetic variability within and among populations, Wright's F‐statistics, and conducted analysis of molecular variance, model‐based Bayesian clustering, and bottleneck tests.

• Key results: We found no allozyme variation within populations of S. hastata in mainland Korea, whereas genetic polymorphism was detected for populations from Jeju Island, Japan (in particular a population from southeastern Shikoku), and Taiwan. The levels of inbreeding within populations were high, consistent with the potential of S. hastata for intragametophytic selfing.

• Conclusions: Data on allelic richness together with Bayesian clustering methods suggest a pattern of postglacial recolonization of mainland Korea from a single refugium, probably located either on Jeju Island or in Japan. Jeju Island should merit the highest priority for conservation biogeography, as it played a role as a Quaternary refugium for arctic–alpine, boreal, temperate as well as warm‐temperate plants, as suggested here.
Effect of drought stress on bending stiffness in petioles of Caladium bicolor (Araceae)
Authors: Caliaro Marco , Schmich Florian , Speck Thomas , Speck Olga
Published: November 2013

• Premise of the study: Cell turgor plays an important role in the mechanical stability of herbaceous plants. This study on petioles of Caladium bicolor ‘Candyland' analyzes the correlation between flexural rigidity and cell turgor. The results offer new insights into the underlying form–structure–function relationship and the dependency of mechanical properties from water availability.

• Methods: Bending modulus E of petioles is calculated from two‐point bending tests, taking into account the tapering mode. The corresponding turgor of parenchyma cells during wilting is investigated by pressure probe tests.

• Key results: Wilting petioles show highly significant lower values of E than petioles with sufficient water supply. These differences are also found when comparing well‐watered petioles to drought‐stressed petioles having parenchyma turgor values in the same range. These results indicate an additional mechanical system sensitive to drought stress. On the basis of analyses of the contribution of different petiolar tissues toward the axial second moment of area and by using experimentally determined and literature values of E for the different tissues, we were able to (1) recalculate E of the intact petiole and to compare it with experimental data and (2) quantitatively estimate the importance of the different tissues for flexural rigidity and E of the petiole.

• Conclusions: Our results show that the decrease in flexural rigidity of petioles of Caladium bicolor ‘Candyland' during wilting results from (1) a water‐loss‐induced decrease in mechanical efficiency of collenchyma fibers and (2) turgor loss of parenchyma cells.
Article Commentary: What Evidence Exists to Support Antiviral Treatment in Children with Chronic Hepatitis B?
Authors: Iorio Raffaele , Tufano Maria , Giagnorio Maria G , Spagnuolo Maria I , Giannattasio Antonietta
Published: November 2013

Many questions are unanswered on the optimal management of chronically HBV-infected children. Chronic hepatitis B is generally a mild disease in children; however, response to therapy is partial and limited to specific subgroups, and available drugs have no proven advantage on long-term course of disease versus no treatment, and are hampered by numerous limitations. Studies on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B and the long-term results of the therapeutic schedules adopted so far should be critically appraised. A balance between the potential benefits of the treatment and its side effects, and the spontaneous course of the disease left untreated should be made.
The Use of Facebook as a Pedagogical Platform for Developing Investigative Journalism Skills
Authors: Aayeshah Wajeehah , Bebawi Saba
Published: November 2013

This chapter evaluates the extent to which Facebook could be used as a training and learning tool for investigative journalism students. This study is based on the deployment of Facebook as a pedagogical tool for an “Investigative Journalism” unit at Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia. This chapter, accordingly, outlines the challenges, issues, and benefits of using Social Networking Services (SNS) as pedagogical tools for the training of future investigative journalists, which could in turn assist other instructors to make use of such online social platforms for media training. By conducting an observation of student usage of Facebook and interviewing students and tutors on their experiences from this activity, this chapter concludes that Facebook can serve as a useful online collaborative platform for investigative journalism students and as a progress monitoring tool for their instructors.
Modeling the Use of Facebook in Environmental Higher Education
Authors: Petrovic Nataša , Jeremic Veljko , Petrovic Dalibor , Cirovic Marko
Published: November 2013

Many authors agree that it is essential to integrate social networking tools and sites with education. On the other hand, environmental education represents an umbrella for many forms of education that already exist and new ones that remain to be created. Bearing this in mind as well as the increasing use of Facebook in education, the key aspect of this chapter focuses on scientific research about modeling the use of Facebook in environmental education among students of the University of Belgrade – Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Serbia. The research clearly points out the educational benefits of implementing Facebook with, subsequently, a significant improvement of students’ environmental awareness. The investigated model of using Facebook, presented in the chapter, could be useful to other educators, giving them suitable information about the possible ways to improve students` achievements in environmental and other kinds of higher education.
Reduction of CD18 Promotes Expansion of Inflammatory γδ T Cells Collaborating with CD4+ T Cells in Chronic Murine Psoriasiform Dermatitis
Authors: Gatzka Martina , Hainzl Adelheid , Peters Thorsten , Singh Kamayani , Tasdogan Alpaslan , Wlaschek Meinhard , Scharffetter-Kochanek Karin
Published: November 2013

IL-17 is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and other inflammatory diseases. The impact of γδ T cells, accounting for an important source of IL-17 in acute murine IL-23– and imiquimod-induced skin inflammation, in human psoriasis is still unclear. Using the polygenic CD18hypo PL/J psoriasis mouse model spontaneously developing chronic psoriasiform dermatitis due to reduced CD18/β2 integrin expression to 2–16% of wild-type levels, we investigated in this study the influence of adhesion molecule expression on generation of inflammatory γδ T cells and analyzed the occurrence of IL-17–producing γδ and CD4+ T cells at different disease stages. Severity of CD18hypo PL/J psoriasiform dermatitis correlated with a loss of skin-resident Vγ5+ T cells and concurrent skin infiltration with IL-17+, IL-22+, and TNF-α+ γδTCRlow cells preceded by increases in Vγ4+ T cells in local lymph nodes. In vitro, reduced CD18 levels promoted expansion of inflammatory memory-type γδ T cells in response to IL-7. Similar to IL-17 or IL-23/p19 depletion, injection of diseased CD18hypo PL/J mice with anti-γδTCR Abs significantly reduced skin inflammation and largely eliminated pathological γδ and CD4+ T cells. Moreover, CD18hypo γδ T cells induced allogeneic CD4+ T cell responses more potently than CD18wt counterparts and, upon adoptive transfer, triggered psoriasiform dermatitis in susceptible hosts. These results demonstrate a novel function of reduced CD18 levels in generation of pathological γδ T cells that was confirmed by detection of increases in CD18low γδ T cells in psoriasis patients and may also have implications for other inflammatory diseases.
First John structure resolved: Exegetical analysis, Part 2
Authors: Bigalke Ron J.
Published: November 2013

Numerous attempts have been suggested regarding the structure of First John. The only nearly unanimous agreement amongst commentators is concerning the prologue (1:1–4) and the conclusion (5:13–21). The lack of unanimity can be frustrating for the majority of those who seek to understand the macrostructure of the First Epistle of John. Consequentially, some commentators have opined that it is impossible to determine a notable structure of First John, and the epistle is thus regarded as a relatively imprecise series of various thoughts that were composed on the basis of mere association. Many exegetes have therefore proposed suggested outlines to aid the understanding of First John as opposed to providing genuine efforts to articulate a discernable structure of the epistle. The final part of this exegetical analysis seeks to demonstrate that exegetes need not succumb to such pessimism because there does appear to be a discernable structure to First John. Providing and stating resolve concerning the First John structure is fundamental for understanding the revealed contents of the epistle.
The suitability of the Triple trap for the collection of South African livestock-associated Culicoides species
Authors: Venter Gert J. , Labuschagne Karien , Boikanyo Solomon N.B. , Morey Liesl
Published: November 2013

The relatively large number of Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) that can be collected with a light trap makes it the most widely used tool for this purpose. However, the majority of these traps were originally designed for collecting mosquitoes. The evaluation and improvement of traps to increase their effectiveness in collecting Culicoides midges will unavoidably form part of research on these insects. In the present study the efficiency of the Triple trap for collecting livestock-associated Culicoides midges was compared with that of the Onderstepoort 220 V, the BG-sentinel and the mini-CDC traps. A unique feature of the Triple trap is that selected surfaces are coated with TiO2 (titanium dioxide) which, in the presence of ultra violet light, acts as a photo-catalyser to produce CO2, which in turn may attract blood-feeding insects. Overall, the Onderstepoort trap collected significantly higher numbers of midges than the others. Relative efficiency varied between different occasions and under some conditions, for example periods with low midge abundance during the winter, the mean numbers collected with the Triple trap did not differ significantly from those of the Onderstepoort or BG-sentinel traps. By replacing the collection chamber of the Triple trap with a sock and beaker, similar to that of the Onderstepoort trap, it can effectively be used for the collection of Culicoides midges.
Population Dynamics of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly in Montenegro
Authors: Radonjić Sanja , Čizmović Miroslav , Pereira Rui
Published: November 2013

Population dynamics of the Mediterranean fruit fly was studied along Montenegro seacoast. Tephri traps baited with 3 component female-biased attractants were used in 11 different localities to monitor the fruit fly population in commercial citrus orchards, mixed-fruit orchards, and in backyards. From 2008–2010, the earliest captures were recorded no earlier than July. In 2011, the first adult fly was detected in mid-June. Low captures rates were recorded in July and August (below 0.5 flies per trap per day; FTD) and peaked from mid-September to the end of October of each year. Our results indicate fluctuation of fly per trap per day depending on dates of inspection and locality, with significant differences in the adult population density. A maximum population was always reached in the area of Budva-Herceg Novi with an FTD of 66.5, 89.5, 71.63, and 24.64 (from 2008–2011 respectively). Fly activity lasts from mid-June/early-July to end December, with distinct seasonal variation in the population.
The Economic Burden of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Sudan: An Assessment of Provider and Household Costs
Authors: Meheus Filip , Abuzaid Abuzaid A. , Baltussen Rob , Younis Brima M. , Balasegaram Manica , Khalil Eltahir A. G. , Boelaert Marleen , Musa Ahmed M.
Published: November 2013

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected parasitic disease that is fatal if left untreated and is endemic in eastern Sudan. We estimated the direct and indirect costs of treatment of VL from the perspective of the provider and the household at three public hospitals in Gedaref State. The median total cost for one VL episode was estimated to be US$450. Despite the free provision of VL drugs at public hospitals, households bore 53% of the total cost of VL with one episode of VL representing 40% of the annual household income. More than 75% of households incurred catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditures. The length of treatment of 30 days led to important costs for both health providers and households. Alternative treatment regimens that reduce the duration of treatment are urgently needed.
Immunogenicity and Safety of a Recombinant Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine in Children and Adolescents Ages 9–16 Years in Brazil
Authors: Dayan Gustavo H. , Garbes Pedro , Noriega Fernando , Izoton de Sadovsky Ana Daniela , Rodrigues Patricia Marques , Giuberti Camila , Dietze Reynaldo
Published: November 2013

Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant, live-attenuated, tetravalent dengue disease vaccine (CYD-TDV) was evaluated in children/adolescents in Brazil. In this observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II single-center study, children/adolescents (ages 9–16 years) were randomized to receive CYD-TDV or placebo at 0, 6, and 12 months. Immunogenicity was assessed using a 50% plaque neutralization test. Overall, 150 participants were enrolled (CYD-TDV: N = 100; placebo: N = 50). Injection site pain and headache were the most common solicited injection site and systemic reactions. Unsolicited adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs were similar between groups. No serious AEs were vaccine-related. Geometric mean titers against all dengue virus serotypes increased with CYD-TDV vaccination and were 267, 544, 741, and 432 1/dil for serotypes 1–4, respectively, after dose 3, representing a mean fold increase from baseline of 5, 6, 6, and 20, respectively. CYD-TDV vaccination elicited a neutralizing antibody response against serotypes 1–4 and was well-tolerated in children/adolescents in a dengue-endemic region.
Development and Accuracy of Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for Detection and Quantification of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Heat Labile and Heat Stable Toxin Genes in Travelers' Diarrhea Samples
Authors: Youmans Bonnie P. , Ajami Nadim J. , Jiang Zhi-Dong , Petrosino Joseph F. , DuPont Herbert L. , Highlander Sarah K.
Published: November 2013

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), the leading bacterial pathogen of travelers' diarrhea, is routinely detected by an established DNA hybridization protocol that is neither sensitive nor quantitative. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays that detect the ETEC toxin genes eltA, sta1, and sta2 in clinical stool samples were developed and tested using donor stool inoculated with known quantities of ETEC bacteria. The sensitivity of the qPCR assays is 89%, compared with 22% for the DNA hybridization assay, and the limits of detection are 10,000-fold lower than the DNA hybridization assays performed in parallel. Ninety-three clinical stool samples, previously characterized by DNA hybridization, were tested using the new ETEC qPCR assays. Discordant toxin profiles were observed for 22 samples, notably, four samples originally typed as ETEC negative were ETEC positive. The qPCR assays are unique in their sensitivity and ability to quantify the three toxin genes in clinical stool samples.
Ongoing Surveillance for Lymphatic Filariasis in Togo: Assessment of Alternatives and Nationwide Reassessment of Transmission Status
Authors: Budge Philip J. , Dorkenoo Ameyo M. , Sodahlon Yao K. , Fasuyi Omofolarin B. , Mathieu Els
Published: November 2013

Tremendous progress has been made towards the goal of global elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) transmission by 2020. The number of endemic countries reducing LF transmission through mass drug administration continues to increase, and therefore, the need for effective post-intervention surveillance also continues to increase. Togo is the first sub-Saharan African country to implement LF surveillance, and it has 6 years of experience with this passive surveillance system. We herein report the results of a recent evaluation of the Togolese LF surveillance system, including an evaluation of blood donors as a surveillance population, and provide updated results of ongoing surveillance, including expansion in remote areas. Since implementation of LF surveillance in 2006, only three cases of positive Wuchereria bancrofti filaremia have been detected, suggesting that interruption of transmission has been sustained. Given the impracticality of validating the surveillance system in the absence of ongoing transmission, we confirmed the lack of transmission through a nationwide reassessment survey.
Integración Neural del Pensamiento y la Acción Analizada con Técnicas de Computación en Línea
Authors: Santibañez-H. Guy , Loma-Osorio J. Sebastián
Published: November 2013

El estudio de las neuroimágenes ha permitido hacer algunos progresos en el conocimiento de los componentes neurológicos que se detectan con las técnicas de computación en línea. Éstas técnicas permiten mantener bajo control operativo la representación de los procesos en estudio, influir intencionalmente en estos procesos, almacenarlos y observar sus cambios. De esta manera, el desarrollo temporal de los fenómenos estudiados es directamente accesible al investigador. Este trabajo presenta el estado actual del estudio sobre la habilidad del sistema nervioso de reflejar diversos aspectos de los medios con los cuales los seres vivos interactúan y operan predictivamente sobre ellos. Es decir, se refiere a cuestiones básicas de los procesos gnósticos, presentado evidencia de que en su génesis y desarrollo la actividad del sistema nervioso es imprescindible, ya que sin él no podrían  producirse fenómenos subjetivos. El análisis de los procesos de memoria, atención selectiva, así como el estudio de tareas complejas como el cálculo aritmético o la ejecución del Test de Raven muestran la activación de diversas áreas corticales. Así, los cálculos aritméticos o las simples estimaciones envuelven una mayor extensión de las áreas parietales que de las áreas frontales, mientras que las imágenes cerebrales durante la ejecución del Test de Raven muestran la activación de conjuntos neuronales que son puestos en acción tanto por configuraciones estimulantes concretas,como por configuraciones estimulantes abstractas.
Lo que el Aprendizaje para la Creatividad Exige a la Gestión Institucional en Centros Educativos: Aprendizajes Derivados de una Línea de Investigación1
Authors: Mena Ma. Isidora , Vizcarra Ruby
Published: November 2013

Hay contextos que facilitan la creatividad y otros que la dificultan. Pareciera quela creatividad, -potencial de todo ser humano-, es susceptible de inhibirse antecontextos que la reprimen, castigan o ignoran como posibilidad. Lo refrenda elque muchas personas no se sienten creativas, y sólo después de indagar en dimensiones privadas o cotidianas de la creatividad como la fantasía, sexualidad, relaciones humanas o cocinar, reconocen que, en efecto, crear es una actividad quetambién ellos realizan. Este artículo es un intento por buscar pistas sobre contextos que permiten desarrollar la creatividad, en una serie de estudios realizados entre 1981 y 2004 en la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. El contexto estudiado es el escolar: revisiones teóricas, estudios etnográficos y aplicaciones estudiadas cuasiexperimentalmente, constituyen una línea de estudio en la que cabe discutir ciertas hipótesis respecto a los contextos escolares que facilitan la actividad creadora.
Inteligencias Múltiples, Curriculum del Hogar, Intereses, Autoestimas y Logros Académicos Previos y Actuales*
Authors: Pizarro Sánchez Raúl
Published: November 2013

Esta investigación analizó y evaluó los “pesos” de las inteligencias múltiples (IMs),curriculum del hogar (CdH), intereses (Is), autoestimas (AUTOs) y logros académicosprevios (Lap) en los logros académicos actuales LAa). Las relaciones son importantese informativas para un fundado desempeño docente, tanto más cuanto queaquellas son transversales y longitudinales, coincidiendo con el desarrollo de nuestrosjóvenes. La población consideró alumnos de 1º. medio científico humanista, colegiosy liceos públicos, subvencionados y particulares, Quilpué, Valparaíso, Chile, 2004.Este artículo corresponde al primer año (de 4) de investigación del ProyectoFONDECYT 1040251, Universidad de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educación(UPLACED), 2003. La muestra al azar fue de 471 alumnos a quienes se les aplicaron tests objetivos, cuestionarios y escalas de Shearer para IMs, Pizarro para CdH, Holland para Is, Coopersmith para AUTOs, y de LA. Se obtuvieron 11 coeficientes de correlación múltiple (Rs) significativos que apoyaron la hipótesis postulada: mayor R = 0,4868 (F = 28,583; SIG. = 0,000) y menor R = 0,1342 (F = 5,754; SIG. = 0,017). En 6 de 11 análisis apareció la IM Lógicomatemática, en 4 Castellano de 8º Básico en 3 curriculum del hogar, y en 2 Ciencias e Historia de 8º. Básico. Se concluye que los factores IMs, CdH, Is, AUTOs, Lap explicaron máximamente un 24 % de la dispersión de los LAa. Se espera que tal monto y la contribución analítica de los factores cambien con el desarrollo hasta 4º. Medio de tales alumnos: influencia en los aprendizajes, intereses, autoconceptos y autoestimas, motivaciones y futuros vocacionales y profesionales.
Fenomenología y psicoterapia humanista-existencial
Authors: Sassenfeld Jonquera André , Moncada Arroyo Laura
Published: November 2013

En este artículo se presenta como marco referencial para la psicoterapia humanista-existencial, algunos conceptos fundamentales de la fenomenología y el método fenomenológico que iluminan el quehacer psicoterapéutico. Con la finalidad de dar cumplimiento a este objetivo, en primer lugar, se delinea la manera en la que los mismos psicoterapeutas humanistas-existenciales entienden el núcleo de la aproximación fenomenológica y, en segundo lugar, se especifica algunos usos posibles de la fenomenología en el área de la teoría y la práctica clínica.
Intrinsic disorder within an AKAP-protein kinase A complex guides local substrate phosphorylation
Authors: Smith F Donelson , Reichow Steve L , Esseltine Jessica L , Shi Dan , Langeberg Lorene K , Scott John D , Gonen Tamir
Published: November 2013

Anchoring proteins sequester kinases with their substrates to locally disseminate intracellular signals and avert indiscriminate transmission of these responses throughout the cell. Mechanistic understanding of this process is hampered by limited structural information on these macromolecular complexes. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) spatially constrain phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinases (PKA). Electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstructions of type-II PKA-AKAP18γ complexes reveal hetero-pentameric assemblies that adopt a range of flexible tripartite configurations. Intrinsically disordered regions within each PKA regulatory subunit impart the molecular plasticity that affords an ∼16 nanometer radius of motion to the associated catalytic subunits. Manipulating flexibility within the PKA holoenzyme augmented basal and cAMP responsive phosphorylation of AKAP-associated substrates. Cell-based analyses suggest that the catalytic subunit remains within type-II PKA-AKAP18γ complexes upon cAMP elevation. We propose that the dynamic movement of kinase sub-structures, in concert with the static AKAP-regulatory subunit interface, generates a solid-state signaling microenvironment for substrate phosphorylation.
A gut feeling about arthritis
Authors: Mathis Diane
Published: November 2013

The gut microbiota of patients recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis is enriched in microbes belonging to the Prevotella genus.
Progress in Emission Efficiency of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Basic Understanding and Its Technical Application
Authors: Tsutsui Tetsuo , Takada Noriyuki
Published: November 2013

The technical history of when and how the basic understanding of the emission efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) was established over the last 50 years is described. At first, our understanding of emission efficiency in single-crystal and thin-film electroluminescence (EL) devices in the early stages before the Eastman-Kodak breakthrough, that is, the introduction of the concept of multilayer structures, is examined. Then our contemplation travels from the Eastman-Kodak breakthrough towards the presently widely accepted concept of emission efficiency. The essential issues concerning the emission efficiency of OLEDs are summarized to help readers to obtain a common understanding of OLED efficiency problems, and detailed discussions on the primary factors that determine emission efficiency are given. Finally, some comments on remaining issues are presented.
Picoampere Resistive Switching Characteristics Realized with Vertically Contacted Carbon Nanotube Atomic Force Microscope Probe
Authors: Nakano Haruhisa , Takahashi Makoto , Sato Motonobu , Kotsugi Masato , Ohkochi Takuo , Muro Takayuki , Nihei Mizuhisa , Yokoyama Naoki
Published: November 2013

The resistive switching characteristics of a TiO2/Ti structure have been investigated using a conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) system with 5-nm-diameter carbon nanotube (CNT) probes. The resistive switching showed bipolar resistive random access memory (ReRAM) behaviors with extremely low switching currents in the order of Picoamperes when voltages were applied. From transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, we confirmed that filament-like nanocrystals, having a diameter of about 10 nm, existed in TiO2 films at resistive switching areas after not only set operation but also reset operation. Moreover, photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) analysis showed that the anatase-type TiO2 structure did not change after set and reset operations. From these results, we suggested that the Picoampere resistive switching occurred at the interface between the TiO2 dielectric and conductive nanocrystal without any structural changes in the TiO2 film and nanocrystal. The resistive switching mechanism we suggested is highly promising to realize extremely low-power-consumption ReRAMs with vertically contacted CNT electrodes.
Effective Young's Modulus Measurement of Thin Film Using Micromechanical Cantilever Sensors
Authors: Itakura Akiko N. , Toda Masaya , Miyake Koji , Förch Renate , Berger Rüdiger
Published: November 2013

Determination of mechanical properties of thin films, such as the Young's modulus, is of fundamental importance when the films are used for coating or for materials of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). We show a simple method to calculate the effective Young's modulus of thin films by comparing lateral and vertical expansions. The stress of the film due to expansion in the lateral direction was measured using micromechanical cantilever sensor (MCS) techniques which allow for a calculation of the lateral expansion ratio of the film. The vertical expansion was measured using ellipsometry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and other film thickness meters. There is no limitation by the method for a measurement of Young's modulus, even if soft and thin polymer film. We detected the influence of humidity on effective Young's modulus of a polymer material by the method, as an example.
Growth of Fe–Pt Magnetic Nanoparticles on Silica Particles Modified with Organic Molecules
Authors: Kitamoto Yoshitaka , Fuchigami Teruaki , Namiki Yoshihisa
Published: November 2013

In the present paper, we describe the formation of an assembly composed of Fe–Pt magnetic nanoparticles on a template particle. The assembly is composed of a magnetic nanoshell for core/shell particles or hollow particles for application in nanomedicine devices. For this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles should be densely accumulated or deposited on template particles, Fe–Pt nanoparticles completely cover silica template particles by modifying them with a polymer such as poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), polyethyleneimine (PEI), or poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) followed by the polyol reduction of Fe and Pt compounds. Studies of their morphological, crystallographic, and magnetic properties reveal that Fe–Pt nanoparticles are selectively grown on the polymer-modified silica template particles; the polymer probably supplies nucleation sites for the formation of such nanoparticles. The species of polymer used strongly affects crystallographic and magnetic properties of the nanoparticles, particularly, the atomic ordering of Fe–Pt nanoparticles formed on silica template particles.
High-Absorption-Efficiency Superlattice Solar Cells by Excitons
Authors: Nishinaga Jiro , Kawaharazuka Atsushi , Onomitsu Koji , Horikoshi Yoshiji
Published: November 2013

The effect of excitonic absorption on solar cell efficiency has been investigated using solar cells with AlGaAs/GaAs superlattice structures. Numerical calculations reveal that excitonic absorption considerably enhances the overall absorption of bulk GaAs. Excitonic absorption shows strong and sharp peaks at the absorption edge and in the energy region above the band gap. Absorption enhancement is also achieved in the AlGaAs/GaAs superlattice. The measured quantum efficiency spectra of the superlattice solar cells are quite similar to the calculated absorption spectra considering the excitonic effect. The superlattice solar cells are confirmed to have high absorption coefficient compared with the GaAs and AlGaAs bulk solar cells. These results suggest that the enhanced absorption by excitons can increase the quantum efficiency of solar cells. This effect is more prominent for the solar cells with small absorption layer thicknesses.
N2 or H2/Isobutane Supermagnetron Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition of Hydrogenated Amorphous CNx Films for Application to Elementary Amorphous CNx:H/p-Si Photovoltaic Cell
Authors: Kinoshita Haruhisa , Ninomiya Yosuke , Kato Takeyuki
Published: November 2013

Hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride (a-CN
x
:H) films were formed on p-Si wafers set on the lower electrode by pulsed supermagnetron plasma chemical vapor deposition using N2 or H2/isobutane (i-C4H10) mixed gases. The lower-electrode rf power of 800 W (13.56 MHz) was modulated by a 2.5-kHz pulse at a duty ratio of 12.5%, and the upper-electrode rf power of 100 W was supplied continuously. The N2 or H2 gas concentration was controlled at levels of 0–80%. The optical band gap decreased with a decrease of H2 concentration and an increase of N2 concentration. For the use of these a-CN
x
:H films as membrane electrodes for the selective transport of photoelectrons, a-CN
x
:H/p-Si photovoltaic cells (PVCs) (a-CN
x
:H film thickness: 25 nm) were formed as prototypes. In an experiment on these PVCs, the energy conversion efficiency increased from 0.0005 (high H2) to 0.5% (high N2) with the decrease of H2 concentration and increase of N2 concentration.
BioID: A Screen for Protein‐Protein Interactions
Authors: Roux Kyle J. , Kim Dae In , Burke Brian
Published: November 2013

BioID is a unique method to screen for physiologically relevant protein interactions that occur in living cells. This technique harnesses a promiscuous biotin ligase to biotinylate proteins based on proximity. The ligase is fused to a protein of interest and expressed in cells, where it biotinylates proximal endogenous proteins. Because it is a rare protein modification in nature, biotinylation of these endogenous proteins by BioID fusion proteins enables their selective isolation and identification with standard biotin‐affinity capture. Proteins identified by BioID are candidate interactors for the protein of interest. BioID can be applied to insoluble proteins, can identify weak and/or transient interactions, and is amenable to temporal regulation. Initially applied to mammalian cells, BioID has potential application in a variety of cell types from diverse species. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 74:19.23.1‐19.23.14. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High‐Throughput Cloning and Expression of Integral Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bruni Renato , Kloss Brian
Published: November 2013

Recently, several structural genomics centers have been established and a remarkable number of three‐dimensional structures of soluble proteins have been solved. For membrane proteins, the number of structures solved has been significantly trailing those for their soluble counterparts, not least because over‐expression and purification of membrane proteins is a much more arduous process. By using high‐throughput technologies, a large number of membrane protein targets can be screened simultaneously and a greater number of expression and purification conditions can be employed, leading to a higher probability of successfully determining the structure of membrane proteins. This unit describes the cloning, expression, and screening of membrane proteins using high‐throughput methodologies developed in the laboratory. Basic Protocol 1 describes cloning of inserts into expression vectors by ligation‐independent cloning. Basic Protocol 2 describes the expression and purification of the target proteins on a miniscale. Lastly, for the targets that do express on the miniscale, Basic Protocols 3 and 4 outline the methods employed for the expression and purification of targets on a midi‐scale, as well as a procedure for detergent screening and identification of detergent(s) in which the target protein is stable. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 74:29.6.1‐29.6.34. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The nitrogen cycle of tropical montane forest in Ecuador turns inorganic under environmental change
Authors: Wilcke Wolfgang , Leimer Sophia , Peters Thorsten , Emck Paul , Rollenbeck Rütger , Trachte Katja , Valarezo Carlos , Bendix Jörg
Published: November 2013

Water‐bound nitrogen (N) cycling in temperate terrestrial ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere is today mainly inorganic because of anthropogenic release of reactive N to the environment. In little‐industrialized and remote areas, in contrast, a larger part of N cycling occurs as dissolved organic N (DON). In a north Andean tropical montane forest in Ecuador, the N cycle changed markedly during 1998–2010 along with increasing N deposition and reduced soil moisture. The DON concentrations and the fractional contribution of DON to total N significantly decreased in rainfall, throughfall, and soil solutions. This inorganic turn of the N cycle was most pronounced in rainfall and became weaker along the flow path of water through the system until it disappeared in stream water. Decreasing organic contributions to N cycling were caused not only by increasing inorganic N input but also by reduced DON production and/or enhanced DON decomposition. Accelerated DON decomposition might be attributable to less waterlogging and higher nutrient availability. Significantly increasing NO3‐N concentrations and NO3‐N/NH4‐N concentration ratios in throughfall and litter leachate below the thick organic layers indicated increasing nitrification. In mineral soil solutions, in contrast, NH4‐N concentrations increased and NO3‐N/NH4‐N concentration ratios decreased significantly, suggesting increasing net ammonification. Our results demonstrate that the remote tropical montane forests on the rim of the Amazon basin experienced a pronounced change of the N cycle in only one decade. This change likely parallels a similar change which followed industrialization in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere more than a century ago.
Studying Caves for Scientific, Societal, and Other Benefits
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: November 2013

The first time that Penelope Boston went spelunking in a wild cave, it “beat the crap” out of her, she recalled. In 1993, Boston and other novice cavers had taken part in a 5‐day NASA expedition to Lechuguilla Cave in New Mexico's Carlsbad Cavern National Park.
Teaching All Geoscience Students: Lessons Learned From Two‐Year Colleges
Authors: Baer Eric , Blodgett Robert H. , Macdonald R. Heather
Published: November 2013

Geoscience faculty at 2‐year colleges (2YCs) are at the forefront of efforts to improve student learning and success while at the same time broadening participation in the geosciences. Faculty of 2YCs instruct large numbers of students from underrepresented minority groups and many students who are the first in their families to pursue higher education. Geoscience classes at 2YCs also typically have large enrollments of nontraditional students, English language learners, and students with learning disabilities.
Dessler, Jimenez, Klein, and Nenes Receive 2012 Atmospheric Sciences Ascent Awards: Response
Authors: Dessler Andrew E.
Published: November 2013

I'd like to thank the Atmospheric Sciences Section Award Committee for this recognition.
Dessler, Jimenez, Klein, and Nenes Receive 2012 Atmospheric Sciences Ascent Awards: Response
Authors: Jimenez Jose L.
Published: November 2013

I am honored and humbled to receive the 2012 Ascent Award from AGU. Not so long ago, I remember being amazed by the energy, excitement, and rigor that I witnessed at my first AGU Fall Meeting in 1999. I have been lucky to participate in a period of rapid learning about the composition and sources of aerosols at a time when science is increasingly collaborative. There is still much to be learned in this and related fields to have confidence in our predictions of climate forcing and air quality, and I look forward to many more collaborations and AGU Fall Meetings during the second half of my career.
Dessler, Jimenez, Klein, and Nenes Receive 2012 Atmospheric Sciences Ascent Awards: Citation for Athanasios Nenes
Authors: Webster Peter J.
Published: November 2013

The Atmospheric Sciences section of AGU awards one of the four Ascent Awards to Professor Athanasios Nenes, of the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering of the Georgia Institute of Technology, for the creation of thermodynamical models for tropospheric aerosols and the development of physically based aerosol‐cloud parameterizations. In addition, he is recognized for the design of instrumentation and techniques to characterize the hygroscopicity and activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and also for contributions to the understanding of the role of aerosols in climate and air quality.
A selective approach to draw data from altered foraminifera shells
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: November 2013

A sudden surge in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air and the ocean 56 million years ago may have triggered the Paleocene‐Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), a period of rapid and dramatic warming. In conjunction with the rising atmospheric temperature, ocean acidification significantly increased the dissolution, or “burndown,” of carbonate sediments on the seafloor, destroying the preservation quality of seafloor foraminifera shells.