bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O letramento crítico nas aulas de língua inglesa: a formação cidadã em foco
Authors: Carvalho Dias Fonseca Lucilene Paula , Dos Santos Andrade Sól Vanderlice
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo tem como escopo investigar as representações sobre o ensino e a aprendizagem de Língua Inglesa (LI) a partir de uma perspectiva crítica, com foco em seus efeitos na constituição identitária dos aprendizes. A trajetória teórico-metodológica percorrida foi delineada, principalmente, a partir das perspectivas discursiva franco-brasileira (Orlandi, 2009), psicanalítica (Revuz, 1998), da Linguística Aplicada (Jordão e Fogaça, 2007; Coracini, 2003a; 2003b; 2003c; Tavares, 2009; Sól, 2014; 2016; 2020) e da Semiótica Social (Kress e Van Leeuween, 2006 [1996]). Este trabalho, que é de base qualitativa, envolveu dez participantes estudantes do Ensino Médio de uma escola que pertence à Rede Federal da Educação Básica Técnica e Tecnológica de uma cidade mineira da região dos Inconfidentes. O corpus foi formado por meio de narrativas escritas e visuais. Os resultados evidenciam a relevância da aprendizagem da LI a partir da ótica da formação cidadã, haja vista que as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas nas aulas desencadearam nos aprendizes novos olhares e novos modos de nomear e pensar as práticas sociais vivenciadas por eles, fazendo-os repensar sobre si e sobre o mundo.  
Palavras-chave: ensino e aprendizagem de língua inglesa; letramento crítico; identidade.
Recognition and Protection of Women's Rights and Gender in FDRE Constitution and Other Laws of Ethiopia
Authors: Wondim Yetimwork Anteneh
Published: March 2022

Irrespective of their contribution, women in Ethiopia have been facing issues like violence, gender-based discrimination, access to education and training, lack of basic human rights protection, and others. Girls' enrollment in education at all levels is much lower than boys. Female education is hampered mainly by the sexual division of labor, which confines girls to household activities. In addition, women have been suffering from gender-based violence under the guise of tradition and culture but condoned by society. In response to these problems, the Government of Ethiopia adopted relevant instruments pertaining to gender including the Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), The Beijing Platform for Action, The Ethiopian Constitution, and various other policies and establishing the national machinery for addressing gender issues. However, several challenges still exist in the realization of women's rights. Therefore, all the respect and protection given for human rights should also be given to women because women's rights are human rights.
Interventions for Sexual Abuse
Authors: Kurishinkal Prathibha Augustus
Published: March 2022

Sexual abuse is a serious social issue with adverse psychosocial consequences in the person who is victimized. High prevalence rate of abuse in both children and adults, no matter female or male, indicate that anyone can be a victim of this hazard. The manifestation of mental-health outcomes is diverse in nature and different across individuals and is determined by complex array of factors. This calls for the application of intervention techniques that are well-established by empirical research to be effective among victims of sexual abuse. This chapter is an attempt to discuss treatment methods established as effective and also other methods that are in use, though with limited research literature on its effectiveness or efficacy, for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other prominent and debilitating psychological and interpersonal effects of sexual abuse. Further, special issues concerning research and practice as well as future directions are outlined.
Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Deka Dorothy Bhandari , Jadeja Mansi
Published: March 2022

This chapter focuses on various assessment tools, interventions and preventive measures which could help children cope up with the trauma. It also extends its focus on few particular therapeutic measures especially designed for children in order to help them cope with the experience. Data from recent researches helps in creating awareness for preventive measures aimed for families, schools and communities in general.
The Deep Web and Children Cyber Exploitation
Authors: Kumar Sachil
Published: March 2022

The deep web has been announced by some as the last bastion of internet anonymity in an increasingly oppressive period, although others find it one of the worst sites on the internet. There are number of instances that have confirmed the misuse of deep web for conducting criminal and illegal practices in a secret way. This chapter provides a description of deep web and the different plugins used to navigate deep web pages. A summary of the different types of online child sexual exploitation that take place across the deep web is explored, as well as the complexities of investigation and response being discussed so that readers can become conscious of this form of sexual abuse.
Child Online Pornography
Authors: Kumar Sachil , Saxena Geetika
Published: March 2022

Online child pornography is a ubiquitous predicament over the internet, and its pessimistic effects and steady growth are significant in today's society. Online CSAM trading has recently gained much attention as well as “moral outrage” for national and international governments and law officials due to the ease of availability and sustained connectivity. The chapter is structured to highlight a deeper understanding of the term “CSAM” that is more diverse than the stigmatized expression of word child pornography and addresses the dark internet modalities frequently used by pedophiles to attract innocent victims. The authors also explored numerous innovative digital technologies and methods used by law enforcement officers around the world, together with corporate and non-governmental organizations to combat this unseen enemy.
Gender-Specific Burden of the Economic Cost of Victimization
Authors: Olowe Samuel Kolawole
Published: March 2022

This chapter explores the impact of specific burden of the economic cost of victimization on gender. Gender-related victimization is disproportionately concentrated on women and girls. Forms include sexual assaults, intimate-partner violence, incest, genital mutilation, homicide, trafficking for sexual exploitation, and other sexual offences. Costs of violence against women are widespread throughout society. Every recognizable effect of violence has a cost whether it is direct or indirect. Direct costs come from the use of goods and services for which a monetary exchange is made. Direct costs exist for capital, labour, and material inputs. Indirect costs stem from effects of violence against women that have an imputed monetary exchange, such as lost income or reduced profit. Effects of violence against women also include intangible costs such as premature death and pain and suffering for which there is no imputed monetary value in the economy.
Language, Social Pragmatic Communication, and Childhood Trauma
Authors: Hyter Yvette D.
Published: March 2022

This case focuses on the effects of trauma on the language and social pragmatic communication of a 10-year-old girl who was one of the many children separated from familial caregivers between 2016 and 2019 when she and her parents came to the U.S. from Central America seeking asylum due to gang violence and economic reasons. The child spent 8 months in the detention center without her parents and then was transferred to a foster home where she suffered neglect as well as physical and psychological abuse. This case study focuses on the long-term effects of structural violence and maltreatment on child development, and specifically on language and social pragmatic communication.
Study on Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction of Teapolypheols from in Green Tea
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Jin Long , Chen Shuai Jun , Zhang Yi , Wu Jiang
Published: March 2022

Tea polyphenols are the general name of polyphenols in tea, which are widely used in food, oil, health care, medicine, daily chemical, fine chemical and other fields. In this paper, ethanol / ammonium sulfate aqueous two-phase extraction of tea polyphenols as the main research object, by changing the single factor method, the distribution coefficient, extraction rate, yield of tea polyphenols in tea were studied. The purpose is to explore the effects of C2H5OH dosage, (NH4) 2SO4 dosage, salt dosage, extraction temperature, extraction time on the content of tea polyphenols, The results showed that the optimal distribution system was as follows: C2H5OH dosage 4.5mL, (NH4) 2SO4 dosage 2.9g, salt dosage 0.05g, water bath temperature 40°C, extraction time 20min, the extraction rate was 4.30%, and the yield was 98.80%. A new method for extracting tea polyphenols from tea was established.
Conductive Silicone Rubber Coated by Reduced Graphene Oxide Pseudo-Photonic Crystal Film
Authors: Guo Xin Liang , Wang Da Da , Liu Rong Hai , Wei Hui Ni , Zhang Ru , Xu Pei Jun
Published: March 2022

Graphene aqueous dispersion is difficult to be prepared as conductive film by simple solvent evaporation deposition, not only because of the agglomeration in its aqueous solution, but also caused by the “coffee ring” phenomenon during solvent evaporation process. Herein, as a derivative of graphene, graphene oxide (GO) would be used as film forming material due to its good dispersion in aqueous solution and its liquid crystallinity. If GO can self-assemble as a compact pseudo-photonic crystal film by solvent evaporation deposition, it will be converted into a conducive graphene film after thermal reduction. In order to prepare a flexible and conductive elastomer material covered with graphene film, compact GO pseudo-photonic crystal film can be transferred onto the surface of a 10% stretched silicone rubber plate. After releasing the stretched force, GO pseudo-photonic crystal film can form a lot of folds, which provide allowance of shrinkage for this GO pseudo-photonic crystal film to avoid cracking during the high temperature reduction. Benefiting from transferring the GO film onto a stretched silicone rubber, a flexible, colored and conductive graphene/SR can be obtained.
Meso-Simulation Study on Thermal Decomposition Mechanism of Solid Propellant
Authors: Zhao Jiu Ling
Published: March 2022

From the microscopic point of view, combining experiment with simulation, the thermal decomposition mechanism of solid propellant was discussed. At first, the thermo gravimetric curves of HTPB film and propellant were studied based on DSC-TG thermal analysis experiment technology. The thermal decomposition process of propellant was simulated by establishing the physical model of meso-structure cell. The results show that the simulation is consistent with the experimental trend. The above research is helpful to further understand the thermal decomposition mechanism of propellant.
Study on the Synthesis and Properties of Primary Procyanidins Metal Compounds
Authors: Wang Chen , Wu Jia Huan , Lan Yu Hang , Lv Yu Guang
Published: March 2022

Synthetic procyanidins-metallic compounds study the infrared spectral properties and ultraviolet spectral properties of mates, to study the free radical scavenging ability of procyanidins and the antioxidant ability of procyanidins complexes under different pH buffer solutions, provide a certain theoretical basis for future research and application of procyanidins. In addition to antibacterial, anti-radiation, anti-allergy and other functions, proanthocyanidins can also inhibit tumor. However, few people have studied the coordination reaction of procyanidins with Bovine serum albumin and metal ions, so it has great research value. In this paper, the optical activity of the complex will be preliminarily studied, which will lay a theoretical foundation for the development of drug fluorescence probe in the future.
Structure and Properties of Ti-Si Composite Ceramic Coatings by Laser Cracking with SiO2 Particles
Authors: Liu Zhao Wei , Wang Xiao , Qiao Yu Lin , Wang Si Jie
Published: March 2022

Ti-Si composite ceramic coating containing SiO2 particles was prepared on 45 steel substrate by in-situ laser pyrolysis with laser power of 600W and laser wavelength of 980nm. The density and wear resistance of the composite ceramic coating were improved. By means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), reciprocating friction and wear tester, the element composition, existing forms, surface morphology and friction and wear properties of Ti-Si composite ceramic coatings with different mass fraction of SiO2 particles were analyzed. The results show that the addition of SiO2 particles can improve the surface density and inorganic degree of the composite ceramic coating. When the mass fraction of SiO2 is 1% and the load is 1N, the friction coefficient of the composite ceramic coating is 61% lower than that of 45 steel. When the mass fraction of SiO2 is 5% and the load is 3N, the friction coefficient of the composite ceramic coating is 51% lower than that of 45 steel. The composite ceramic coatings show good antifriction performance and wear resistance.
China’s Engagement with Maritime Nations: A Case Study
Authors: Senaratne B. , Melegoda N.
Published: March 2022

In the recorded history of Sri Lanka and Malaysia, trade with Chinese merchants, transhipment of Chinese goods, embarking of Chinese ships and people were an ordinary occurrence. Malaysia and Sri Lanka were initial subscribers of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), when China launched BRI in 2013. Hence, the problem identified for this research is: why are China’s relations with Sri Lanka and Malaysia through the 21st century Maritime Silk Road being scrutinised by Western powers? Towards this end, objectives of this research are two-fold, i.e. to examine Ancient China’s engagement with maritime nations in the Indian Ocean; and secondly, to compare the ancient relations with that of the relations it maintains with these two states in the 21st Century. As a descriptive study, it utilises the case study methodology, with Malaysia and Sri Lanka selected as the cases. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data. Trade and commercial ties remain the backbone of the interactions between China and the two maritime states. In conclusion, it can be ascertained that China’s modern interactions with maritime nations continue to be underpinned by economic interactions, and secondly, that China’s contemporary interactions with Malaysia and Sri Lanka are underscored by geopolitical considerations.
Predictive features of pre-operative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for advanced disease in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kutluhan Musab Ali , Ünal Selman , Eren Serhan , Ozayar Asim , Okulu Emrah , Cetin Huseyin , Kayigil Onder
Published: March 2022

Objective: We evaluated predictive features of pre-operative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for advanced disease in renal cell carcinoma. Materials and methods: 92 patients with pathologically confirmed diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma were included in our study. Patients were divided into two groups according to preoperative imaging as computed tomography (CT) (55 patients) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (37 patients). Within the imaging groups, the patients were divided into two groups according to pathological tumor stage: 1-2 (pT1-2) versus ≥ pT3a. It was evaluated whether there was a difference between the two groups in terms of the presence of pre-operative imaging (CT and MRI) features. Predictive value of these features for ≥ pT3a disease was evaluated both for CT and MRI.Results: The cut-off value for the Gerota’s fascia thickness in predicting ≥ pT3a disease was calculated as 0.205 cm. Positive predictive value (PPV) for Gerota's fascia thickness was 52.4% (31.0-73.7) and 66.7% (40.0-93.3) for CT and MRI respectively. The PPV value for renal capsule invasion was 75.0% (53.8-96.2) and 90.0% (71.4-108.6) for CT and MRI respectively. PPV of perirenal fat invasion for CT and MRI was 69.2% (44.1-94.3) and 81.8% (59.0-104.6) respectively. Conclusion: Renal capsular invasion and perirenal fat invasion are reliable signs for locally advanced (≥ pT3a) renal cell carcinoma both in CT and MRI. Gerota’s fascia thickness has relatively low PPV value for prediction of locally advanced disease. Presence of enlarged collateral vessels, tumor necrosis, perinephric stranding are not reliable signs. For all predictors MRI seems more reliable than CT.
Adverse pathological outcomes of patients with de novo muscle invasive bladder cancer in Northern Ontario
Authors: Mehrnoush Vahid , Keramati Shahrzad , Ismail Asmaa , Shabana Waleed , Zakaria Ahmed , Elmansy Hazem , Shahrour Walid , Prowse Owen , Kotb Ahmed
Published: March 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with de novo muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who underwent radical cystectomy in Northern Ontario. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with de novo T2 MIBC who underwent radical cystectomy over a 2-year-period in Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre. Clinical and pathological characteristics of Trans Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumors and cystectomy specimens were analyzed. Results: Of the 59 patients aged 67 ± 8.8 years, predominated by males (80%), 27.1% were younger than age 60. After surgery, upstaging was noted in 59.3% (T3 in 27.1% and T4 in 32.2%) while node positive was noted in 36% of patients. Prostate adenocarcinoma was incidentally discovered in 20 (34%) of patients with 50% considered significant (Gleason score ≥ 7). Downstaging was found in those who had neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The high prevalence of younger ages (less than 60), a high rate of upstaging, the presence of high-grade incidental prostate cancer, and lymph node positives in T2 de novo MIBC in Northern Ontario, warrants further investigation of potential causes and risk factors at individual, public, and population health levels in the region.
Trends in treatments for erectile dysfunction in Chile between 2010 and 2020 with special focus on penile prostheses
Authors: Marconi Marcelo , Palma Cristian , Moreno Sergio , Flores Jose Miguel , Escobar-Urrejola Santiago
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Evidence regarding demand trends for erectile dysfunction (ED) treatments are scarce in South America. This study aims to evaluate trends in ED treatments in Chile over a 10-year period (2010- 2020) and estimate the potential number of candidates for penile prosthesis. Materials and methods: Sales trends of pharmacological treatments and penile prosthesis were obtained from market studies. The potential number of candidates for penile prosthesis implantation was calculated by crossing epidemiological data with previously reported ED prevalence, proportion of sexually active men, percentage of men seeking medical assistance for ED, and the proportion of patients who are non-responders to ED oral drug therapies Results: In the 10-year studied period, the Chilean male population older than 50 years increased 34.7%, with an average annual variation (AAV) of 3.4%. For the same period, the sales of oral drug therapies for ED increased by 71.3% (AAV 6.2%), the sales of intracavernosal vasoactive agents (ICVA) decreased by 0.4% (AAV -0.2%), and penile prosthesis sales increased by 113% (AAV 6.7%). We estimated that only 0.05% of sexually active men older than 50 years old with ED who sought medical assistance finally had a penile prosthesis implanted to manage their condition. Conclusions: Demand for ED oral drug therapies significantly increased in Chile during the last decade, while ICVA remained stable. The annual rate of penile prosthesis implantation increased. However, the gap between the potential penile prosthesis candidates and the actual number of devices implanted is suspected to remain extremely high.
The use of a polyglycolic acid polymer graft in Peyronie’s disease - preliminary outcomes
Authors: Edler Zandoná Pedro Caetano , Teixeira Nivio Pascoal , Oliveira Henrique Eduardo , Soares Garcia Jorge Hamilton
Published: March 2022

Objective: Plaque incision and grafting is indicated for patients with Peyronie’s Disease [PD] and severe curvature, complex deformities or for patients with significant penile shortening. To date, no graft studied has been considered ideal. The aim of this study is to conduct a descriptive analysis about functional results with the use of a bioabsorbable graft for PD treatment. Materials and methods: A single-center, retrospective evaluation of a cohort of patients who were treated by plaque incision and grafting with a polyglycolic acid polymer graft (Gore® Bio-A®) between 2018 and 2021 was conducted. Correction of penile curvature was the main outcome. Loss of penile sensitivity, de novo erectile dysfunction and any other adverse event were the secondary endpoints. Results: 14 patients were included in this study (mean age 59.5 ± 7.2 years). The median follow-up time was 12 months (range 3-12). The curvature correction rate was 78.5%. Glans hypoesthesia was present in one of 14 patients (7.1%) and refractory erectile dysfunction was reported in 64.2%. None of the patients presented any major adverse event based on Clavien-Dindo classification. Conclusions: Curvature correction and changes in penile sensitivity rates were similar to those found in the literature. No major surgical complications, such as graft rejection, infection, and extrusion, occurred in this sample. Although a population with a higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction was included in this sample, higher rates of refractory erectile dysfunction were observed and these findings should be confirmed in further studies.
Characteristics of psychiatric comorbidities in emergency medicine setting and impact on length of hospitalization: A retrospective study
Authors: Pini Stefano , Benvenuti Antonella , Pacciardi Bruno , Massimetti Gabriele , Abelli Marianna , Sapia Gabriele , Pardini Francesco , Massa Lucia , Miniati Mario , Salarpi Gianluca , Forfori Francesco , Palagini Laura
Published: March 2022

This study aims to evaluate clinical correlates of psychiatric comorbidity and length of hospitalization in patients admitted in a general hospital emergency medicine setting. Overall, 160 patients hospitalized for different acute medical pathologies were selected consecutively over 12 months. All subjects were evaluated with proper forms to collect data on medical and psychiatric diagnoses. Levels of C-reactive protein were also measured in all patients. Statistical analyses were conducted with univariate, logistic, and multiple linear regressions. Patients with psychiatric comorbidity had significantly longer hospitalization than did patients with no psychiatric diagnoses (days 10.9±9.5 vs. 6.9±4.5, p<0.005). Agitation and delirium were more frequent in the psychiatry comorbidity study group (p<0.05), as was cognitive impairment (p=0.001). These variables predicted longer hospitalisation (respectively: t=-3.27, p=0.002; t=-2.64, p=0.009; t=-2.85, p=0.006). Psychiatric comorbidity acts as an adjunct factor in determining clinical severity and predicting a more difficult recovery in patients hospitalized in an emergency medicine setting.
Problematiche bioetiche in consultorio
Authors: Mantovani Antonio
Published: March 2022

L'articolo presenta l'attività svolta dal Centro di Consulenza Familiare della diocesi di Modena-Nonantola nel periodo 1979-1991. L'attività del Centro è rivolta a tutti, credenti e non credenti. In particolare, dopo una breve introduzione, l'autore si sofferma sui seguenti punti: 1) situazione sociologica della famiglia in Emilia-Romagna; 2) l'équipe del consultorio; 3) metodologia di lavoro; 4) casistica e problematiche bioetiche in consultorio; 5) prospettive e proposte per il futuro.
Il dibattito nella bioetica. Sulla qualificabilità come cadaveri dei cosiddetti "prodotti abortivi"
Authors: Eusebi Luciano
Published: March 2022

Non disponibile
Medicina e Società in Italia: un rapporto in crisi
Authors: Fiori Angelo , Sgreccia Elio
Published: March 2022

Non disponibile
A Humanized Vehicle Speed Control to Improve the Acceptance of Automated Longitudinal Control
Authors: Raffone Enrico , Fossanetti Massimo , Rei cEng Claudio
Published: March 2022

Vehicle speed controls, as adaptive cruise control and related automated evolutions, are control systems able to follow a desired vehicle reference speed that is set by the driver and fused with information as road signs, SD maps etc.. Current normal production systems don’t distinguish among the vehicle users, only some carmakers are doing first steps towards the introduction of learning from driver to adapt the traditional control. In our work, we follow up this content with a humanized speed control, based on learning of driver longitudinal behavior. This method is able to combine machine learning algorithms, vehicle positioning and recurrent trips into existing automated longitudinal control systems. Proposed algorithm can reduce the interactions between drivers and automated systems by improving the acceptance of automated longitudinal control. Furthermore, proposed integration works mainly on speed reference that dramatically simplifies the customization of the system. We present the general methodology of our online learning procedure and suggest how to integrate proposed work in a normal production vehicle.
A Cloud-Based Simulation and Testing Framework for Large-Scale EV Charging Energy Management and Charging Control
Authors: Wu Zhouquan , Manne Naga Nithin , Harper Jason , Chen Bo , Dobrzynski Daniel
Published: March 2022

The emerging need of building an efficient Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure requires the investigation of all aspects of Vehicle-Grid Integration (VGI), including the impact of EV charging on the grid, optimal EV charging control at scale, and communication interoperability. This paper presents a cloud-based simulation and testing platform for the development and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing of VGI technologies. Although the HIL testing of a single charging station has been widely performed, the HIL testing of spatially distributed EV charging stations and communication interoperability is limited. To fill this gap, the presented platform is developed that consists of multiple subsystems: a real-time power system simulator (OPAL-RT), ISO 15118 EV Charge Scheduler System (EVCSS), and a Smart Energy Plaza (SEP) with various types of charging stations, solar panels, and energy storage systems. The subsystems can communicate with each other via message queuing telemetry transport communication (MQTT) protocol. The OPAL-RT is used to perform grid simulation and optimal EV charging energy management at the distribution grid level. It communicates with node level EVCSS and the SEP to collect real-time charging data and send charging power commands. The OPAL-RT can also communicate with transmission level controllers to provide grid services, such as frequency regulation. The EVCSS manages regional EV charging to limit the effects of clustered EV charging on the distribution grid. It uses standardized communication protocols: Open Charge Point Protocol 2.0 for charging station networks and ISO 15118 between EVs and charging stations. The modular open systems design approach of the platform allows the integration of EV charging control algorithms and hardware charging systems for performance evaluation and interoperability testing. The experimental test results show that the communication links of the platform work properly, and the EV charging control algorithms can respond to transmission level grid service request with minimal impact on local operations.
Design of a Human-Centric Auto-Climate Control System for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Tiwari Ankit , Varandani Vikrant , Mandali Satya , Arsenault Jeff
Published: March 2022

As the global automotive industry makes a critical transition from the traditional ICEVs (Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles) to EVs (Electric Vehicles), it faces two conflicting technological challenges: 1) range degradation in cold weather conditions and 2) reducing time to thermal comfort in winter driving in absence of waste heat from the IC engine. Next to the EV drivetrain, the HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system is the highest consumer of electric power in the vehicle. To get the occupants to a thermally comfortable state as quickly and efficiently as possible, automotive OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) are exploring microclimate systems that involve localized heating and cooling. Unlike the central HVAC system, localized heating and cooling devices such as climate-controlled seats, steering wheel heaters, neck warmers, etc. directly condition the occupant rather than conditioning the entire cabin environment to provide thermal comfort to the occupant. Consequently, microclimate systems improve time-to-comfort while being energy efficient. In this paper, a general methodology to design a human-centric auto-climate control system is presented. Such a system uses microclimate devices in conjunction with the electric HVAC or heat pump system and the control is based on real-time estimation of heat transfer rates to the occupant. This approach can provide additional benefits such as enhanced personalization along with energy savings and reduced time to comfort. The authors have also highlighted the challenges associated with existing measurement and data acquisition systems including calibration, verification and validation and have recommended a real-time comfort metric measurement system as a possible solution for future development.
Durability Validation for Variable Customer Usage
Authors: Dressler Klaus , Speckert Michael
Published: March 2022

Durability engineering for vehicles is about relating real operational loading to the actual strength of the product and its components. In the first part of this paper, we show how to calculate failure probabilities and safety factors based on the load and strength distributions. We discuss the uncertainty within the estimations, which is considerably large in case of extremely small failure probabilities as required for safety critical components. In the second part, we focus on modelling and simulating the loads based on real vehicle usage. The resulting statistics allows to understand and quantify the usage variability. The idea is to simulate thousands of vehicle life spans of, say, 300.000 km or 15.000 h of operation each. The input data for such simulations can be either geographic data like road network, topography, road conditions, traffic data, and points of interest. Alternatively, or supplementary, it can also be properly segmented rich data from measurements in real usage. The results are statistically well qualified durability load distributions and load targets, given as high quantiles of those distributions.
Modelling of Off-Road Truck Tire-Rim Slip Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Collings William , El-Sayegh Zeinab , Ren Jing , El-Gindy Moustafa
Published: March 2022

Slip or relative rotation between the tire and rim is a significant concern for vehicle operation and wheel manufacturing since it leads to wheel imbalance and vibration as well as power losses. A slip situation typically occurs due to improper bead lubrication and mounting, irregularities in the bead seat, and extreme loading conditions with high torques and low tire pressures. Currently, there are relatively few published studies on the tire-rim interface, and they mainly focus on topics such as the mounting process, load transfer, and friction modelling. This leaves a gap to explore the measurement and variation of gross tire-rim slip under the dynamic conditions of a driven tire. In this paper, a previously developed and validated FEA truck tire model was modified to include a frictional contact surface between the tire and rim, and then the slip ratio between the tire and rim was measured under different operating conditions. The new model’s static behavior was compared to the previously validated model with the fixed tire-rim connection, then the model parameters such as vertical load, inflation pressure, drawbar load, longitudinal wheel speed, and tire-rim friction were varied and their effects on the tire-rim slip of the driven truck tire were investigated. It was discovered that factors affecting the torque transmitted through the wheel, including the tire-rim friction, vertical load, and inflation pressure, had the most significant effect, while the longitudinal wheel speed had a minimal effect on the tire-rim slip. The findings of this research work will be useful for determining the tire-rim slip under various operating conditions.
The Aerodynamic Development of the New Range Rover Evoque
Authors: de Boer Marc , Gaylard Adrian P. , Parmar Bhavik
Published: March 2022

The Range Rover Evoque is a compact luxury SUV, first introduced by Land Rover in 2012. Almost 800,000 units of the first-generation vehicle were sold. This paper explores some of the challenges entailed in developing the next generation of this successful product, maintaining key design cues while at the same time improving its aerodynamic efficiency.

A development approach is outlined that made use of both numerical simulation and full-scale moving ground wind tunnel testing. A drag coefficient of 0.32 was obtained for the best derivative by paying particular attention to:

the integration of active grille shutters;

the front bumper and tyre package;

brake cooling;

underfloor design;

wake control strategy; and

detail optimization.

This approach delivered the most aerodynamic Range Rover at the time of its introduction. The impact of these design changes on the aerodynamic flow field and consequently drag is highlighted. An interaction between front wheel deflectors and different tyres of the same nominal dimensions is explored over a range of small yaw angles, illustrating the need to develop vehicles using a range of boundary conditions. In addition, a relationship is shown between wake state defined in terms of the vertical pressure gradient and reduced aerodynamic drag.

Finally, changes in regulations governing the assessment of emissions and fuel economy are driving a need for vehicle manufacturers to go beyond the traditional focus on the drag of the best vehicle derivative and manage the spread of values arising from customers’ choice of powertrain, wheel and tyre fitment along with exterior trim options. For this vehicle, we highlight that the average drag coefficient for sales in the European market over a year was 15% lower than the outgoing car, showing that improved aerodynamic efficiency has actually been delivered to customers.
The Effect of Unsteady Incident Flow on Drag Measurements for Different Vehicle Geometries in an Open Jet Wind Tunnel
Authors: Fei Xiao , Kuthada Timo , Wagner Andreas , Wiedemann Jochen
Published: March 2022

Automotive engineers use the wind tunnel to improve a vehicle’s aerodynamic properties on the road. However, a car driving on the road does not experience the steady-state, uniform flow characteristic of the wind tunnel. Wind, terrain and traffic all cause the flow experienced by the vehicle to be highly transient. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the effects of forces acting on the vehicle resulting from unsteady flow. To this end, the FKFS swing® installed in the University of Stuttgart’s model scale wind tunnel was used to create 36 different incident flow signals with time-resolved yaw angles. The cD values of five different 25% vehicle models, each with a notchback and a squareback configuration, were measured while under the influence of the aforementioned signals. The vehicle models were chosen to ensure a variety of different geometries, but at the same time also to enable isolated comparison of specific geometric properties. All drag measurements were corrected using the Two-Measurement Correction method. The study discusses the correction method’s accuracy and suggests possible measures to improve said accuracy for unsteady investigations. Before examining the cD results in detail, this paper introduces ways to quantify the influence of an unsteady flow environment on aerodynamic drag. The measured and corrected drag values are then investigated using the new methods, which allows a quantitative comparison between the different vehicle geometries. Consequently, this paper offers explanations for the difference in drag characteristics between vehicles by cross-referencing these differences with their geometric properties. This study aims to improve the understanding of aerodynamic drag under unsteady flow and, in the long term, to enable drag optimization tailored to more realistic flow scenarios.
The European Union: on the Path to Linguistic Equality or Hidden Language Monopoly?
Authors: Airapetian A. S.
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the use of diff erent languages in the development of documents in the institutions of the European Union. It is explored by measuring various aspects of competition between languages. Measuring instruments are the polylingualism coeffi cient, the language integration index and the index of language monopolization. The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of integration processes in the European Union on the competition of languages and to assess the using of languages in the production of original documents in the European Parliament, the European Commission and the Council of the European Union, as well as in the proceedings of the Court of Justice of the EU. The linguistic capital of the population of the Union is also assessed on the basis of the proposed author’s original methodology. The results of the research show that there is a strong trend towards an increase in language monopolization in all of the above mentioned EU institutions. The diff erence is that EU judges favor the French language, while the European bureaucracy prefers English. The author thinks that the EU member states that joined European integration after 2005 is a serious factor. They hastened the monopolization of the English language. The EU population aged 15 and over shows the opposite trend. Their level of linguistic competition was growing. The reasons for this were the recent waves of expansion of the Union and migration. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the conditions for the growth of language competition have changed in the EU. If by 2000 it took place in the environment of stable bilingualism of the population of the Union, then in 2005 and 2012 it is characterized by the dominance of monolingualism with trends of its further growth. The European bureaucracy can continue to strengthen the economic motivation for learning English and position it as “minimally ethnized” and the only intercultural communication medium in the EU. In this sense, Brexit is more likely to be a factor not so much weakening as a further strengthening of the competitive position of the English language in the Union.
THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF TEACHERS' USING MOBILE PHONES DURING LESSONS ON EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Authors: UYKUN Muhammed , ESEN Fatih
Published: March 2022

With the development of technology, mobile phones, we feel its influence in every aspect of ourlives, are also frequently used in educational environments. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of this situation(using mobile phones during lessons) on the motivation of the teacher and the teaching of the lesson. In our study, it was argued that the teachers' use of mobile phones during lessons would have negative effects on education. In this context, a literature review has been made and it has been concluded that the technology has benefits as well as harms when used in an inappropriate environment. In our study, it has been emphasized that classroom control and motivation are not only student-dimensional but also teacher-dimensional and it is emphasized that teachers' entering the class with their mobile phones can lead to behaviors that disrupt classroom motivation. Our study was also reified by asking various questions to the teachers with the quantitative research methods. Keywords Mobile phones, education and trainig, negative effects, teachers
OBSTACLE MAPS
Authors: YURTERİ Emine , DERİN Sabri , POLAT Fatma , CANPOLAT Murat , BARMAN Zekiye , POLAT Cahit , KAYA Emel , GÜLLÜ Selim
Published: March 2022

Using 3D printing as a production method and embodying the concepts of geography for visually impaired secondary school students and putting them into practice as a jigsaw puzzle will enable the students to develop their cognitive and psychomotor skills as well as the teacher. Touching and questioning a physical object enables students to acquire problem-solving skills in a more creative and practical way. However, for this, it is necessary to carry out studies and to create the necessary designs and print them. This work; It was designed to design a material for visually impaired students to learn mapping, to enrich the materials used in map teaching, to enable visually impaired students to do mapping activities on their own with the developed material, and to contribute to finding the necessary solutions in this regard. In order for our design to work smoothly and to fit the parts very easily while combining them, calculations were taken into consideration while designing in the computer environment. In order to test the hypotheses predicted in the hypothesis, a field study was conducted with visually impaired secondary school students in terms of functionality. Thanks to our design, which we 3D printed separately and in different colors, it was observed that the visually impaired secondary school students learned better by creating the maps consisting of "Turkey regions, Turkey cities, Turkey climate, Turkey precipitation and World continents" in the form of a puzzle, one by one, by placing them in the mold one by one, thanks to the legends. In the field survey, no scientific publications were found that show that visually impaired secondary school students work with various maps designed as puzzles by 3D printing. In addition, no application or approved application related to this subject was found in the patent and utility model scans made using international patent connections with the Turkish Patent Institute. It is thought that our research is a first in this study title
MEHMET AKIF ERSOY IN THE PERIOD OF NATIONAL STRUGGLE
Authors: KIRMIT Ömer Faruk
Published: March 2022

In the histories of nations, there are people whose names are written in gold letters and whose names are always remembered with pride and gratitude. In Turkish history, one of the foremost among them was Mehmet Akif Ersoy. He is the author of the National Anthem, the national and country poet, a great idea man. He was born in Istanbul in 1873 and died in Istanbul in 1935. He saw the last period of the Ottoman Empire and lived the first years of the Republic. It has not only emerged with its literary aspect, but has also been adopted and loved by the Turkish nation because it is sensitive to all the problems of the society. Mehmet Akif is a person with high moral character as well. He is a devout, patriotic person who defends the religious and national values he believes in, and does not spare his word no matter what. Akif, made a great contribution to the Turkish National Struggle that took place between 1919-1922, both with his pen and with his sermons. He encouraged the people to join the National Struggle. Mehmet Akif Ersoy, with his life and literary personality, influenced many people both in his own time and afterwards. Many articles have been written about him, his life, his contributions to literature, his importance in Turkish history, etc. Various studies have been conducted on such topics as. With this study, the support and benefits of Mehmet Akif during the National Struggle Period were tried to be clarified. The support that Mehmet Akif Ersoy gave during the National Struggle Period was not examined in detail, as the scope and limitations of the study were taken into account, and it was tried to be revealed only in general terms. Keywords Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Poet, Turkish National Anthem, National Struggle Period, The Republic of Turkey.
ETHICS IN POLITICS AND MEHMED AKIF
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Şaban
Published: March 2022

As it is generally defined, it is difficult to say that politics, which is known as all the activities that develop as a result of the use of power, power and domination towards social life, in the form of ordering and obedience, and the morality that aims to raise people to the level of a virtuous being are in harmony. However, it is a fact that there are exceptions to this situation. It can be accepted that one of these exceptions in our political history is Mehmed Akif. Mehmed Akif, who is generally known as a poet, an intellectual and a thinker, is also considered a politician and statesman, as he was also involved in politics (membership of the Union and Progress, Burdur Deputy) at some point in his life. As stated in the sources, although he did not like being a politician, his relationship with politics and his stance against politics contained important messages. Regardless of how effective these messages were in the world of that day, it is obvious that today's Mehmet Akif's behavior that brings politics and morality together in his political life, even if it is short, is sorely needed. Trying to stay away from daily political conflicts, Mehmed Akif preferred to be in a supra-political position in terms of country politics or the stance that should be taken against imperialism. Therefore, by stating that daily vicious political conflicts cannot be beneficial, he has personally demonstrated that politics can only be meaningful on the condition that it is beyond service to society and relations of interest. The understanding of Islam, which is the guarantee of unity and solidarity, which constitutes the homeland that constitutes the whole of the Islamic world and the moral of the whole society living in this homeland, forms the basis of Akif's political thought. When we look at Akif's works, it is possible to see the traces of this understanding. In this study, by giving some examples from Akif's political life, it has been tried to reveal important clues about the relationship between politics and morality, that is, how a moral stance in politics can be possible. Keywords Politics, power, Mehmed Akif, Ethics in Politics.