bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodology for calculation of radial diffusion coefficients for a relativistic electron population from hybrid-Vlasov simulation
Authors: George Harriet , Kilpua Emilia , Osmane Adnane , Ganse Urs , Lejosne Solene , Kalliokoski Milla , Turc Lucile , Battarbee Markus , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Bussov Maarja , Grandin Maxime , Johlander Andreas , Suni Jonas , Dubart Maxime , Papadakis Konstantinos , Alho Markku , Zhou Hongyang , Palmroth Minna
Published: March 2021

The relative importance of radial diffusion and local acceleration to the dynamics of outer radiation belt electron populations is an open question in radiation belt physics. A key component of this discussion is the calculation of the radial diffusion coefficients, which quantify the effect of radial diffusion on an electron population. However, there is currently a broad range of radial diffusion coefficient values in the literature, which presents difficulties when determining the dominant process governing radiation belt energisation. Here we develop a methodology for the calculation of radial diffusion coefficients using Vlasiator, a 5D hybrid-Vlasov simulation of near-Earth space, and calculate the radial diffusion coefficients for a 10 MeV electron population at multiple locations within the outer radiation belt.

 

Vlasiator currently models ions as velocity distribution functions and electrons as a magnetohydrodynamic fluid, so the drift motion of the electron population can not be directly studied. However, the ion dynamics accurately determine the magnetic field in the inner magnetosphere, and the spatial and temporal magnetic field variations can be used to calculate the radial diffusion coefficient of a population according to principles outlined in Lejosne et. al. 2020.  Four magnetic field isocontours in the outer radiation belt are used to model the guiding centre drift contours of an electron population, and the corresponding Roederer L-star coordinates are calculated from the magnetic flux through each of these drift contours. The variation of the L-stars over time are calculated from population-specific variables and the Lagrangian magnetic field time derivative along the magnetic isocontours. The radial diffusion coefficients for the 10 MeV electron population are then calculated at each of these L-stars and compared to the literature. This methodology produces radial diffusion coefficients from Vlasiator that have the expected L-shell dependence and are consistent with the literature, including studies based on satellite measurements of radiation belt electrons. These results indicate that this is a valid methodology for the calculation of radial diffusion coefficients, and can therefore be extended to evaluate the radial diffusion coefficients in different solar wind conditions and at more L-stars.
Tailored seasonal snow forecasts for ski centers in Finland
Authors: Hyvärinen Otto , Vajda Andrea
Published: March 2021

In Finland, the ski industry is facing an increased vulnerability to climate change and variability, especially in southern and central regions. The late start and the early end of snowing season and the difficulties in artificial snow production due to high winter temperatures have significant impacts on winter tourism. As part of INDECIS project, Finnish Meteorological Institute developed and tested seasonal forecasts with Finnish ski centers, providing support in maintenance practices. In the beginning of the pilot, a workshop was organized representatives of the ski resorts, where the most useful indices were selected, uncertainties related to variables used in the development of indices were presented to the users and the visualization and delivery of climate outlooks were agreed. In this presentation, we will assess the quality of snow forecast and present the developed seasonal snow outlooks. 

The ECMWF long-range forecasts (SEAS5) were quality assessed and several bias-adjusted methods analysed. Finally, the raw snow forecast was bias-adjusted using the EMOS method. The forecasts were the monthly mean snow depth, and the probability of ≥1 cm of monthly mean snow depth. The forecasts were evaluated using the CRPSS. The results depend much on the season. For example, Lead month 0 and month 1 forecasts in February showed skill over most of Finland, while Lead month 0 and month 1 forecasts in November were not as skilful. 

The developed seasonal climate outlooks were tested by the users during November 2019-April 2020; following the test period a feedback survey was conducted with the users. How the perceived usefulness of forecasts transfers to the decisions made by the users is not so straight-forward. According to the feedback received only one user of the four repliers changed their plans based on the provided outlooks, and half of the respondents couldn't say if they changed their activities in any way.
Valuing feedback mechanisms between water and energy systems in hydropower networks
Authors: Koh Rachel , Kern Jordan , Chowdhury AFM Kamal , Galelli Stefano
Published: March 2021

Multi-sector modelling frameworks are fundamental platforms for exploring the complex interactions between the water and energy sectors. While acknowledging the pivotal role of hydropower within the energy system, it is essential to understand the feedback mechanisms between power and water systems to guide the design of hydropower operations and enhance water-energy management strategies. With this in mind, we developed a modelling framework hinged on a bidirectional coupling between water and power system models. We simulate the constraints imposed by water availability on grid operations as well as the feedback between the state of the energy and water systems. For example, the framework explicitly accounts for conditions of hydropower oversupply, during which part of the water could be stored in reservoirs or allocated to other sectors. The flexibility added to the system gives operators control over desired reservoirs, and allows the system to exploit the benefits warranted by a more efficient use of renewable energy. We evaluate the framework on a real-world case study based on the Cambodian grid, which relies on hydro, solar, and thermoelectric resources. In our analysis, we demonstrate that managing hydropower reservoirs with the feedback mechanism in mind allows us to improve system’s performance—evaluated in terms of power production costs and CO2 emissions. Overall, our work contributes a novel modelling tool for climate-water-energy nexus studies, working towards an optimal integration of hydropower and other renewable energy sources into power systems.
Locating Schumann Resonant Frequencies on a Single Particle Radiation Patterns Using Golden Ratio Spiral and Octave Relationship of Schumann Points.
Authors: Yucemoz Mert
Published: March 2021

Although lightning discharge is not the only source or only physical phenomenon that affects the Schumann resonances, they have the highest contribution to the Schumann resonances oscillating between the ground the ionosphere. Schumann resonances are predicted through several different numerical models such as the transmission-line matrix model or partially uniform knee model. This contribution reports a different prediction method for Schumann resonances derived from the first principle of fundamental physics combining both particle radiation patterns and the mathematical concept of the Golden ratio. This prediction allows the physical understanding of where Schumann resonances originate from radiation emitted by a particle that involves many frequencies that are not related to Schumann resonances. In addition, this method allows predicting the wave propagation direction of each frequency value in the Schumann frequency spectrum. Particles accelerated by lightning leader tip electric fields are capable of contributing most of the Schumann resonances. The radiation pattern of a single particle consists of many frequencies. There are only specific ones within this pattern that contribute to the Schumann radiation. The vast majority of Schumann resonances distribute quite nicely obeying the Golden ratio interval. This property, used in conjunction with the full single-particle radiation patterns, also revealed that high-frequency forward-backward peaking radiation patterns, as well as low-frequency radiation patterns, can contribute to Schumann resonances. This method allows to locate them on the full radiation pattern. A theoretical analysis using the Golden ratio spiral, predict that there are more Schumann resonances in the high-frequency forward-backward peaking radiation pattern of a relativistic particle than low-frequency dipole radiation pattern. Extending the idea to an octave that identifies the identical sounding notes with different frequencies in standing waves. By knowing the value of the initial Schumann resonant frequency, this method allows us to predict the magnitude of other Schumann resonances on the radiation pattern of a single accelerated charged particle conveniently. In addition, it also allows us to find and match Schumann resonances that are on the same radiation lobe, which is named electromagnetic Schumann octaves. Furthermore, it is important to find Schumann octaves as they propagate in the same direction and have a higher likelihood of wave interference.
Predictability of large-scale atmospheric flow patterns connected to extreme precipitation events in the Mediterranean
Authors: Mastrantonas Nikolaos , Magnusson Linus , Pappenberger Florian , Matschullat Jörg
Published: March 2021

The Mediterranean region frequently experiences extreme precipitation events with devastating consequences for the affected societies, economies, and environment. Being able to provide reliable and skillful predictions of such events is crucial for mitigating their adverse impacts and related risks. One important part of the risk mitigation chain is the sub-seasonal predictability of such extremes, with information provided at such timescales supporting a range of actions, as for example warn decision-makers, and preposition materials and equipment.

This work focuses on the predictability of large-scale atmospheric flow patterns connected to extreme precipitation events in the Mediterranean. Previous research has identified strong connections between localized extremes and large-scale patterns. This is promising to provide useful information at sub-seasonal timescales. For such lead times, the Numerical Weather Prediction models are more skillful in predicting large-scale patterns than localized extremes. Here, we analyze the usefulness of these connections at sub-seasonal timescales by using the ECMWF extended-range forecasts. We aim at quantifying related benefits for the different areas in the Mediterranean region and providing insights that are of interest to the operational community.

Initial results suggest that the ECMWF forecasts provide skillful information in the predictability of large-scale patterns up to about 15 days lead time.

 

Large-scale patterns over the Mediterranean based on anomalies of sea level pressure (color shades) and geopotential at 500 hPa (contours) (Figure adapted from Mastrantonas et al, 2020)
PaleoJump database for research on rapid climate transitions
Authors: Bagniewski Witold , Rousseau Denis-Didier , Ghil Michael
Published: March 2021

Tipping points (TPs) in the Earth system have been studied with growing interest and concern in recent years due to the potential risk of anthropogenic forcing causing abrupt, and possibly irreversible, climate transitions. Paleoclimate records are essential for identifying TPs in the Earth’s past and to properly understand the climate system’s underlying bifurcation mechanisms. Due to their varying quality, resolution, and dating methods, it is often necessary to select the records that give the best representation of past climate. Furthermore, as paleoclimate records vary in their origin, time spans, and periodicities, an objective, automated methodology is crucial for identifying and comparing TPs.

To reach this goal, here we present the PaleoJump database of carefully selected, high-resolution records originating in ice, marine sediments, speleothems, loess, and lake sediments. These records, which include tipping elements, cover long time intervals and represent a global distribution from all continents and ocean basins. For every record, a transition detection methodology based on an augmented Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is applied to identify abrupt transitions. The PaleoJump database highlights these automatically detected transitions for every record together with other essential information, including location, temporal scale and resolution, as well as temporal plots; it therefore represents a valuable resource for researchers investigating TPs in past climates. This study is supported by the H2020-funded TiPES project.
Seismicity during and after stimulation of a 6.1 km deep enhanced geothermal system in Helsinki, Finland
Authors: Leonhardt Maria , Kwiatek Grzegorz , Martínez-Garzón Patricia , Bohnhoff Marco , Saarno Tero , Heikkinen Pekka , Dresen Georg
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In this study, we present a high-resolution dataset of
seismicity framing the stimulation campaign of a 6.1 km deep enhanced
geothermal system (EGS) in the Helsinki suburban area and discuss the complexity
of fracture network development. Within the St1 Deep Heat project, 18 160 m3 of water was injected over 49 d in summer 2018. The seismicity
was monitored by a seismic network of near-surface borehole sensors framing
the EGS site in combination with a multi-level geophone array located at
≥ 2 km of depth. We expand the original catalog of Kwiatek et al. (2019),
including detected seismic events and earthquakes that occurred 2 months
after the end of injection, totaling 61 163 events. We relocated events
of the catalog with moment magnitudes between Mw −0.5 and Mw 1.9
using the double-difference technique and a new velocity model derived from
a post-stimulation vertical seismic profiling (VSP) campaign. The analysis of the
fault network development at a reservoir depth of 4.5–7 km is one primary
focus of this study. To achieve this, we investigate 191 focal mechanisms of
the induced seismicity using a cross-correlation-based technique. Our
results indicate that seismicity occurred in three spatially separated
clusters centered around the injection well. We observe a spatiotemporal
migration of the seismicity during the stimulation starting from the
injection well in the northwest–southeast (NW–SE) direction and in
the northeast (NE) direction towards greater depth. The spatial evolution of the
cumulative seismic moment, the distribution of events with Mw≥1,
and the fault plane orientations of focal mechanisms indicate an active
network of at least three NW–SE- to NNW–SSE-oriented permeable zones, which
is interpreted to be responsible for the migration of seismic activity away from
the injection well. Fault plane solutions of the best-constrained focal
mechanisms and results for the local stress field orientation
indicate a reverse faulting regime and suggest that seismic slip occurred on
a sub-parallel network of pre-existing weak fractures favorably oriented
with the stress field, striking NNW–SEE with a dip of 45∘ ENE
parallel to the injection well.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SMA KELAS X MATERI IKATAN KIMIA
Authors: Darmawati Siti
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa pada penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah materi ikatan kimia siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Leihitu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan subjek penelitian kelas X-1 berjumlah 25 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa soal tes dalam bentuk pilihan ganda dan essay untuk mengukur aspek kognitif dan lembar observasi untuk mengukur aspek sikap dan keterampilan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk kemudian dideskripsikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa model pembelajaran berbasis masalah memberikan dampak yang baik pada kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Leihitu materi ikatan kimia dengan presentase ketuntasan pada aspek pengetahuan 88%, aspek sikap 80% dan aspek keterampilan 84%.
National projects as a tool for implementing state policy: features and foreign experience
Authors: KHAMBAR Bakytgul
Published: March 2021

The success of the economic policy pursued in any country largely depends on the effectiveness of strategic planning tools. Therefore, President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev paid special attention to the instruments of the state planning system in his next Address. Considering the problems associated with many indicators of existing state programs, the President instructed to switch to the format of laconic national projects, understandable to all citizens. The presented article is devoted to the study of this issue to the peculiarities of national projects. This article compares national projects with government programs. The authors analyzed the content and main features of national projects of foreign countries. In addition, the introduction of project management for the successful implementation of national projects is justified. Based on the analysis carried out, a conclusion was made about what criteria national projects should have.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Capital Formation, Inflation, Money Supply and Trade Openness on Economic Growth of Asian Countries
Authors: Yang Xiuyun , Shafiq Muhammad Nouman
Published: March 2021

Economic growth is currently an essential phenomenon for emerging countries worldwide and has gained the researchers' intentions. Thus, the current study aims to examine the role of foreign direct investment (FDI), capital formation, inflation, money supply, and trade openness on the economic growth of Asian countries. The data has been extracted from the twenty emerging Asian countries from 2007 to 2018 using the most popular database named World Development Indicators (WDI). The fixed-effects model, along with the robust standard error, has been used for checking the impact of predictors on the economic growth of Asian countries. The results revealed that the predictors such as FDI, capital formation, money supply, and trade openness have positive association with economic growth, while inflation has a negative association with the economic growth of Asian countries. These findings are suitable for the new arrivals who want to examine this area in the future and for the regular traders who want to develop policies related to economic growth.
Non-verbal samhandlingskompetanse i munnleg forteljarkunst
Authors: Aadland-Atkinson Kristin
Published: March 2021

Artikkelen utforskar verdien av non-verbal samhandlingskompetanse, og munnleg forteljarkunst som ein veg inn til denne. Læreplanverket til kunnskapsløftet føreset arbeid med munnleg ferdigheit, både formidling, lytting og forståing. I møtet mellom forteljar og tilhøyrarar skjer det ein interaksjon mellom forteljar, forteljing og tilhøyrar, der verbal og non-verbal formidling og lytting står sentralt. I denne artikkelen vert dette møtet belyst med følgjande problemstilling: Korleis kan ungdomar gjennom kurs i munnleg forteljing erfara og utvikla non-verbal samhandlingskompetanse? Artikkelen byggjer på intervju med fleirkulturelle elevar på niande trinn som er erfarne lyttarar, og som har teke del i eit forteljarkurs. Rundt 70 elevar deltok på kurset, og studien følgjer seks elevar, som er intervjua i etterkant, både om kurset, og om tidlegare erfaringar med lytting til forteljing. Funn er analysert og drøfta i lys av sosiokulturell teori, og teori om munnleg forteljing, munnleg ferdigheit, retorikk og multimodalitet. Sentrale funn syner at elevane har eit medvit om munnleg forteljing som ein multimodal aktivitet, der non-verbale og verbale modalitetar utfyller kvarandre, og der forteljaren gjennom bruken av dei ulike modalitetane har ansvar for tilhøyraren si oppleving. På denne måten erfarer og utviklar elevane samhandlingskompetanse, gjennom arbeidet med den munnlege forteljinga.
Utvikling av veilederkompetansen – en profesjonsetisk reise
Authors: Jokstad Gunnvi Sæle
Published: March 2021

Veiledning er en læringsarena og et redskap for å utvikle profesjonalitet i yrket. I veiledning kan det åpnes opp for refleksjon og oppdagelser som er annerledes enn ordinære samtaler mellom kollegaer. Denne studien undersøker hvordan studenter i faget Pedagogisk veiledning beskriver sin egen utvikling og læring i møte med arbeidskravet «Mitt pedagogiske credo». Det empiriske materialet er innhentet gjennom kvalitativ metode, bestående av analyse av dokumenter fra 15 studenter, både logger og refleksjonsnotat, samt fra et strukturert litteratursøk. Studien viser at studentene i møte med arbeidskravet utfordres på en slik måte at de endrer tenkning om veilederrollen og blir bevisstgjort sin egen væremåte. Den konkluderer med at studentene gjennom studiet også istandsettes til å videreutvikle profesjonsfellesskapet på eget arbeidssted.
Frå gjest til med-arbeidar. Feltarbeid i eigen kultur i eit framand land
Authors: Halsnes Astrid Øien , Småland Erik Goth
Published: March 2021

I ei tid prega av migrasjon kan vi ofte lese om dei utfordringane annleisheit fører med seg. Men også det å arbeide i andre kontekstar enn dei ein kjenner frå før kan opplevast som krevjande. For norske pedagogar som kjem som arbeidande gjester kan også den framande kulturen representere ei utfordring i seg sjølv. Kvart år reiser norske pedagogar til land i Afrika og Asia for erfaringsutveksling og samarbeid. Dette er utgangspunktet for denne studien av møte mellom norske og nepalske lærarutdannarar, og refleksjonen over kva som skal til for å kunne forstå og anerkjenne kvarandre som samarbeidspartnarar og medarbeidarar. Studien byggjer på 12 år med erfaring, eigne notat og utvalt litteratur som omhandlar anerkjenning og forståing. Artikkelen skildrar utfordringane samarbeid med ein annan kultur kan føre med seg, og opplevinga av å vere ein gjest som ikkje høyrer til. Men det er rettleiing, kulturmøte, anerkjenning og forståing som står sentralt i artikkelen. På fleire vis har dette vore eit feltarbeid i eigen kultur i eit framand land.
Pedagogisk credo – barnehagelærerstudenters refleksjoner om verdier og pedagogisk ledelse
Authors: Reigstad Ingunn
Published: March 2021

Barnehagelæreren har et samfunnsmandat som krever bevissthet om holdninger og verdier som ligger til grunn for det pedagogiske arbeidet. Forståelse for samfunnsmandatet er en sentral del av utdanningen. Det pedagogiske credoet utvikles gjennom de tre årene i utdanningen og det gis veiledning individuelt og i grupper. Hensikten med å utvikle sitt pedagogiske credo er blant annet å bli klar over egne verdier og holdninger i møte med samfunnsmandatet. Studien ønsker å belyse dette gjennom problemstillingen: På hvilken måte bidrar arbeidet med pedagogisk credo i barnehagelærerutdanningen til studentenes forståelse av verdiene i samfunnsmandatet og av pedagogisk ledelse? Data i denne studien bygger på tekstanalyse av 43 «pedagogiske credo» fra tredje-års studenter i barnehagelærerutdanningen ved NLA Høgskolen. Arbeidet med pedagogisk credo beskrives som en skriftliggjøring av egne refleksjoner omkring studentens pågående danningsprosess fra student til å bli en profesjonell yrkesutøver. Analysen viser at flertallet av studentene har en grunnleggende forståelse for pedagogisk leders ansvar for å realisere samfunnsmandatets verdier og innhold. Som framtidige ledere vektlegger barnehagelærerstudentene respekt, omsorg og likeverd som de mest sentrale verdier. Disse verdiene er også viktige i samfunnsmandatet. Deres beskrivelse av verdiene som ledere av barn og medarbeidere presenteres og drøftes.
Students’ Satisfaction with Accounting Teachers’ Lesson Delivery, the Role of Perceived Quality of Lesson Delivery in Ghanaian Senior High Schools
Authors: Debrah Ofori , Inusah Nasiru , Dwommor Joseph Yaw
Published: March 2021

To highlight the importance of the quality of lesson delivery for students’ satisfaction with the teaching and learning process in the classroom, this study examines the quality factors of accounting teachers lesson delivery that may influence students’ satisfaction with accounting teachers’ lesson delivery in Senior High Schools in Ghana. Survey questionnaire, a modified version of SERQUAL model, was used in collecting data for this study. In all, a sample of 504 students from 20 public Senior High Schools in Kumasi metropolis in the Ashanti region of Ghana participated in the survey. The findings of this paper suggest that accounting students in Ghanaian Senior High Schools are generally not satisfied with the quality of lesson delivery of their financial accounting teachers. In addition, classroom setting (environment, facilities and materials) and teachers’ teaching behavior (responsive to students’ needs, reliability, competency, and empathy) do not meet Senior High School accounting students’ expectations. It is evident from the results that teachers’ performance in lesson delivery, as perceived by students, influence students’ satisfaction with lesson delivery in the classroom. Perceived low performance on the service quality dimensions of accounting teachers’ lesson delivery seems more susceptible to low satisfaction with teachers’ lesson delivery. These findings imply that, quality of accounting teachers’ lesson delivery, especially, along the dimensions of tangibility, responsiveness, reliability, assurance and empathy in their lesson delivery requires improvement. There is the need for teachers and school managers to identify what students really expect from teachers in their lesson delivery so that teachers can make the necessary changes to improve lesson delivery quality and students’ satisfaction in the classroom.
The Opinions of Preservice Physical Education Teachers Towards the Physical Education Teaching Field Knowledge Test
Authors: Asan Selim , Şen İlhan
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the opinions of preservice physical education teachers towards the teaching field knowledge test (TFKT). The test, which constitutes half of the score required to be appointed as a teacher is believed to determine the level of knowledge of preservice teachers in their fields of teaching. Preservice teachers’ opinions towards the field knowledge test are, therefore, noteworthy. The study was conducted with 18 preservice teachers (9 female, 9 male) who graduated from the physical education teaching departments of universities and took the teaching field knowledge testat least once. This study used the qualitative case design and the criterion sampling method, one of the purposive sampling types. Data were obtained using the interview technique, which included five semi-structured and non-directive, open-ended interview questions. MaxQDA 2020 qualitative data analysis program was used in the modelling of the research data. According to the results of the analysis, although the candidates stated positive opinions in relation to the function of the TFKT for discriminating between who is competent and who is not, choosing a well-equipped teacher, serving as a measurement tool and measuring professional competencies, the majority of the participants presented negative opinions about the field knowledge testin physical education teaching. The reasons for the negative opinions were that the test lacks a suitable distribution of questions, relies on memorization is too detailed, does not measure motor skills and does not match the undergraduate course content as well as having an excessively wide scope.
CK Telecoms/Commissie: ‘bridging the gap’ tussen Airtours en SIEC-test?
Authors: Braeken B.J.H. , Versteeg X.Y.G.
Published: March 2021

CK Telecoms/Commissie: ‘bridging the gap’ tussen Airtours en SIEC-test?

Op 28 mei 2020 heeft het Gerecht van de Europese Unie de beschikking van de Europese Commissie vernietigd waarin de Commissie de overname van Telefónica UK door CK Hutchison UK (nadien ‘CK Telecom UK’) – een zogenoemde 4-naar-3-telecomfusie in het Verenigd Koninkrijk – verbood. In dit arrest wordt voor de eerste maal de toepassing van de ‘significant impediment to effective competition’ (SIEC)-test op zogenoemde ‘gap’-zaken onderworpen aan een (indringende) rechterlijke toetsing. Gap-zaken zijn concentratiezaken waarbij geen sprake is van het creëren of versterken van een dominante machtspositie, maar waarbij mogelijk een significante beperking van de concurrentie optreedt doordat de fusie leidt tot de vermindering van concurrentiedruk op een beperkt aantal overgebleven marktspelers. De maatstaf die het Gerecht in CK Telecoms/Commissie aanlegt, lijkt bijzonder zwaar en nadert de bewijsstandaard voor collectieve dominantie zoals geformuleerd in het Airtours-arrest. Dit zal het moeilijk maken voor de Commissie (en nationale mededingingsautoriteiten) om dergelijke fusies in oligopolide markten in de toekomst nog te verbieden.

Gerecht 28 mei 2020, zaak T-399/16, ECLI:EU:T:2020:217 (CK Telecoms UK Investments/Commissie).
Miniforceps EBUS-Guided Lymph Node Biopsy: Impact on Diagnostic Yield
Authors: Shiari Aryan , Aljundi Lamia , Boshara Peter , Zein Rami K. , Zalt Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the standard diagnostic method for sampling mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Non-diagnostic samples have led some pulmonologists to add a miniforceps biopsy (EBUS-TBFB) in order to increase diagnostic yield. Our study aims to analyze the impact of adding EBUS-TBFB to the EBUS-TBNA in cases where Rapid On-site Evaluation (ROSE) was negative for malignancy or was non-diagnostic. Material and methods: This retrospective chart review included 91 patients who were aged 18–90 years old and underwent EBUS with both TBNA and TBFB between January 1, 2013 and July 1, 2018. Results: There was no significant statistical difference in the diagnostic yield of TBNA vs TBFB with a McNemar value of 0.167, and this conclusion was the same when stratified by race, age and lymph node size. Using TBNA as a gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of TBFB was 87% and 69%, respectively. Out of the non-diagnostic TBNA samples on ROSE and cell-block, subsequent TBFB resulted in additional pathologic diagnoses in 16% of cases, of which 67% were non-caseating granulomas. Furthermore, two additional malignant cases were identified by TBFB consisting of small cell carcinoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Conclusion: In conclusion, TBFB is a useful adjunctive tool in the diagnosis of non-malignant conditions (i.e., granulomatous diseases) with the potential to spare the patient from more invasive surgical biopsies. Training of future fellows in performing TBFB in addition to TBNA should be strongly encouraged.
Sirtuiny – enzymy o wielokierunkowej aktywności katalitycznej
Authors: Kratz Ewa Maria , Sołkiewicz Katarzyna , Kaczmarek Agnieszka , Piwowar Agnieszka
Published: March 2021

Streszczenie

Sirtuiny (SIRT) są deacetylazami histonów zależnymi od NAD+, które odgrywają istotną rolę w funkcjonowaniu organizmu ludzkiego. Przypisuje się im udział w licznych procesach zachodzących w komórkach m.in. w potranslacyjnej modyfikacji białek, wyciszaniu transkrypcji genów, indukowaniu procesów naprawczych, a także w regulacji procesów metabolicznych. Wykazano również, że sirtuiny odgrywają istotną rolę w obniżaniu poziomu reaktywnych form tlenu, jak również w stymulacji wzrostu komórek, ich starzeniu się i śmierci. Tak szeroki zakres procesów, na które mają wpływ sirtuiny powoduje, że sirtuiny stały się obiektem wielu badań mających na celu szczegółowe poznanie mechanizmów ich działania i roli jaką odgrywają.

Celem opracowania było zebranie i usystematyzowanie informacji dotyczących sirtuin, głównie z ostatnich 10 lat, zarówno tych dotyczących organizmu ludzkiego, jak i opartych na wynikach badań na modelach zwierzęcych, czy liniach komórkowych. W artykule omówiono budowę, funkcję i rolę biologiczną jaką sirtuiny odgrywają w procesach komórkowych.
Mýty – omyly – nepravdy
Authors: Dammer Karl-Heinz , Gonon Philipp , Grunder Hans-Ulrich , Haag Ludwig , Knoll Michael , Terhart Ewald
Published: March 2021

The book is the translation from Mythen – Irrtümer – Unwahrheiten: Essays über das „Valsche“ in der Pädagogik edited by H. U. Grunder (Bad Heilbrunn: Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, 2017). It includes seven essays written by authors from Germany and Switzerland. They strive for profound understanding of issues as upbringing, education, school, teachers, students, teaching and learning.
Global Connections through Mathematical Problem Solving
Authors: Wiemken Rachel , Sri Padmi Russasmita , Matney Gabriel
Published: March 2021

Teachers from two countries designed a model-eliciting activity about the global issue of wind energy. They share teaching and student outcomes from a cross-border engagement in the task with students from Indonesia and the United States through synchronous video conference.
Gabriel Moreno González: La democracia humanista
Authors: Moreno Piñero Juan Carlos
Published: March 2021

Gabriel Moreno González: La democracia humanista, Sevilla, Athenaica, 2020, 200 págs.
La intuición
Authors: Pastor Lluís
Published: March 2021

La magia de la intuición reside en la rapidez de las respuestas que genera. Por eso quien se guía por la intuición ve muchas veces lo que otros no ven. En eso la intuición se enfrenta a los procesados de información de carácter analítico. Mientras que el análisis racional requiere tiempo y todos podemos llegar a conclusiones parecidas, la intuición da soluciones inmediatas y parece estar al alcance de los que no tienen miedo de ver la realidad de otro modo.
Juan Alía: "Los costes de los servicios de VoD son muy elevados y difíciles de sostener exclusivamente con modelos publicitarios"
Authors: Clares Gavilán Judith
Published: March 2021

En el marco del Posgrado en Distribución Audiovisual: VoD y Nuevos Modelos de Negocio que la UOC ha puesto en marcha conjuntamente con filmin este curso 2012-13, la profesora Judith Clares, su directora académica, ha entrevistado a los representantes de las principales empresas del sector del Video on Demand (VoD) que operan en España. Ésta es la segunda y última entrega de la entrevista a Juan Alía Mateo, director de Filmotech.
In Search of a Unit of Speech. Methodological Reflections Sparked by a New Understanding of Language
Authors: Antas Jolanta , Majewska Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

The article aims at a revision of such terms as sentence, utterance, speech act, or communication event in view of new research needs and a broader understanding of language as involved in a complex communication process and, thus, considered a tool for not only generating meanings but also conveying them in interpersonal collaboration. From such a perspective, language appears to be not only a system but also one of the tools of symbolising meanings and intentional acts which serve the purpose of generating and regulating social bonds. The purpose of the authors is, thus, to define traditional linguistic concepts in order to make them good tools to describe the types of communication events and the ensuing individual interactions. We also intend to resolve the existing terminological confusion, i.e. to eliminate the employment of the same terms to describe different speech events and different levels of speech, and, as a result, to place the concepts in a hierarchy and assign them clear definitions. All this is undertaken in order to fit in the perspective of the observer as an active participant and contributor to the communication event, utterance or even a sentence
Cervical Cancer Screening Behind Bars: A Woman’s Right
Authors: Mehta Sumita , Singla Anshuja , Jadaun Payal
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women across the globe. Women prisoners are a vulnerable population, so timely provision of screening programs is of utmost importance in this population. Aim: To screen female prisoners for cervical cancer using visual inspection with acetic acid method. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on women inmates in one of the largest prisons of North India. A total of 181 women prisoners aged 18 and older were interviewed using a questionnaire. After an informed consent, women were screened using Visual Inspection with Acetic acid (VIA). Results: Majority of the women (74.03%) were between 21 to 40 years. Ninety-one women (50.2%) were illiterate. Majority of the women (123) had between one and three pregnancies. Majority (43) used condoms as a birth control method. Thirty-eight women (20.9%) had multiple partners. Among 181 women who were screened for cervical cancer, 22.6% were VIA positive. Conclusion: Women prisoners are at a high risk of cervical cancer because of increased prevalence of risk factors in them. Screening and intervention programs must be in place to ensure organisation of health services within the prison environment so that screening, diagnosis and treatment for cervical carcinoma can be provided at early stages with improved prognosis.
Prevalence of Fracture of Forearm Bones in Obese and Non-obese Children: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Akshatha SP , Santhosha JB
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Through much history of mankind, the overt manifestation of bodyweight gain in children and adults have been considered as a sign of personal health and family wealth and an indicator of the economic prosperity of the society. As developing societies are industrialised and urbanised, the standards of living continued to rise; obesity and weight gain began to pose a growing threat to the health of the citizens. Aim: To determine the prevalence of forearm bones fracture in obese and non-obese children between age group of 2-15 years. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics and Paediatrics at Dr BC Roy Post Graduate Institute of Paediatric Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India from September 2017 to October 2018. Children were classified into obese and non-obese group according to Body Mass Index (BMI). Calculation of BMI was done by the formula BMI=weight (kg)/{height(m)}2. Obese children were determined by the BMI percentile by plotting the BMI number on the appropriate Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) BMI-for-age growth chart. Doubtful cases classification was confirmed by the paediatric surgeon. Injury mechanism was graded into three trauma kinetics (direct trauma, slow motion trauma and high motion trauma). The validated paediatric Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-A and PAQ-C) were used to grade the average daily activities during the week prior to trauma. Statistical analysis was done by using the Chi-square test and p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Total 583 children were treated during the study period in the hospital including both Outpatient Department (OPD) and Emergency Department. About 433 children were excluded due to below age two years, refracture, chronic illness, and major congenital malformation. Among them only 150 patients met the criteria of present study. Out of 150 children, 69 (46%) were found obese and non-obese were 81 (54%). The distribution by gender was the same in obese group which had 26 (37.68%) female and 43 (62.32%) male, in non-obese group 34 (41.97%) female and 47 (58.03%) male. It was observed that both bones fracture of forearm in obese children was more at risk than non-obese children, p-value of <0.5 which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Present study shows higher prevalence of forearm bone fracture in obese children than non-obese children. Obesity and other certain factors might have been significant risk factor for fracture required for operation. Both radius-ulna fracture in obese were found significant.
Guidelines and reality in studies on the economic costs of alcohol use: a systematic review
Authors: Carr Sinclair , Rehm Jürgen , Manthey Jakob
Published: March 2021

Aim: To identify guidelines for estimating alcohol-attributable cost of illness (COI) and actual COI studies, and to assess to what extent core recommendations have been implemented.

Design: The systematic review was conducted in February 2019 according to the PRISMA statement. Relevant COI guidelines and actual alcohol COI studies published since 2009 (when the last systematic review was published) were identified by searching databases MEDLINE and EMBASE, as well as literature known by the authors.

Measures:  Standards and recommendations of published COI guidelines, and actual COI studies estimating the total costs of alcohol.

Findings: Fourteen guidelines and eighteen COI studies were identified, and relevant indicators were extracted. Large discrepancies between recommended and implemented methods were determined. Contrary to most current guidelines, which were barely acknowledged at all, (a) predefined direct and indirect cost groups were only partially included, (b) estimates were compared with GDP in only about half of the studies, and (c) avoidable costs – a complementary concept to the more common scenario of complete alcohol abstinence – were never estimated.

Conclusions: Adherence to guidelines in published COI studies is low. We propose content-related and software-based solutions to adopting a common standard, which could reduce heterogeneity and enhance comparability in alcohol COI studies.
Transdermal Electrochemical Monitoring of Glucose via High‐Density Silicon Microneedle Array Patch
Authors: Dervisevic Muamer , Alba Maria , Yan Li , Senel Mehmet , Gengenbach Thomas R. , Prieto‐Simon Beatriz , Voelcker Nicolas H.
Published: March 2021

Current technology for blood glucose level monitoring is mainly based on the invasive finger‐prick extraction of a small drop of blood using a lancet and measured via a handheld glucometer, which is not conducive to continuous measurements. Interstitial fluid (ISF) is gaining attention as an alternative biofluid. Its biochemical composition is very similar to that of blood and it can be monitored in a continuous manner via minimally invasive methods that cause no pain and minimize any risk of infection. Herein, a microneedle array (MNA) based transdermal sensing system for the pain free monitoring of ISF glucose is presented. High‐density silicon microneedles (≈9500 microneedles cm−2) are used to prepare a three‐electrode patch for the electrochemical monitoring of glucose. The MNA glucose patch shows very good selectivity when tested in artificial ISF, with a sensitivity of 0.1622 µA mm−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 0.66 mm. In vivo application of the microneedle array in mice shows that the ISF glucose concentrations obtained with the MNA sensor gave very good correlation with the blood glucose levels determined with a commercial glucometer. This microneedle‐based sensing system hence provides an alternative transdermal diagnostic tool to the invasive existing techniques.
Modification of Energy Level Alignment for Boosting Carbon‐Based CsPbI2Br Solar Cells with 14% Certified Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Guizhi , Xie Pengfei , Huang Zhaoshuai , Yang Zechao , Pan Zhenxiao , Fang Yueping , Rao Huashang , Zhong Xinhua
Published: March 2021

Hole transfer material (HTM)‐free, carbon‐based all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) are promising alternatives to conventional organic–inorganic hybrid PSCs in addressing thermal and moisture instability issues. However, the energy level mismatch between the inorganic perovskite and carbon electrode coupled, together with the incapability of the carbon electrode to reflect incident light for reabsorption, limits the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of C‐PSCs. To address these issues, herein, a new strategy of a hexyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB)‐modified CsPbI2Br perovskite surface is devised to reduce this energy offset from 0.70 to 0.32 eV and increase the built‐in potential by 70 mV for the final devices. Additionally, a CsPbI2Br perovskite film with a thickness of up to 800 nm is realized via a hot‐flow‐assisted spin coating approach in an ambient atmosphere with humidity of less than 80%. Reduced energy offset coupled with suppressed charge recombination and thick perovskite layer boosts the champion PCE of CsPbI2Br C‐PSCs to 14.3% (Jsc = 14.1 mA cm−2, Voc = 1.26 V, and fill factor = 0.806), and the average PCE to 13.9% under one sun illumination. A new certified efficiency record of 14.0% is obtained for HTM‐free inorganic C‐PSCs. Meanwhile, the moisture‐resistant barrier from the alkyl chain in HTAB improves the stability of the final devices.
Primary effusion lymphoma in a patient with a good outcome on steroid alone treatment
Authors: Koren Ofir , Aviv Ariel , Kelbert Moran Avraham , Rozner Ehud , Lihtman Liza , Halfin Elya , Turgeman Yoav
Published: March 2021

Same clinical entity can have different biology and can behave differently. This must be kept in mind while making therapeutic decisions. Primary effusion lymphoma is a rare and devastating disease with high fatality. Chemotherapy provides limited benefit. We describe a unique case of a good outcome with steroid alone treatment.
Health‐related quality‐of‐life assessment of patients with solid tumors on immuno‐oncology therapies
Authors: Voon Pei Jye , Cella David , Hansen Aaron R.
Published: March 2021

Immuno‐oncology therapies have been approved for various solid tumors; however, the high cost of these treatments and their potential toxicities require a thorough assessment of their risks and benefits. Collection of data directly from patients through patient‐reported outcome instruments can improve the precision and reliability of adverse event detection, assess tolerability of adverse events, and provide an evaluation of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) changes from immuno‐oncology therapies. There is robust development in HRQOL tools specifically for patients treated with immuno‐oncology agents. This review examines the history and basic concepts of HRQOL and patient‐reported outcome assessments commonly used in oncological trials, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches when applied to immunotherapies, as well as some of the current efforts to develop tools for this field and opportunities for future research.

Lay Summary

Immuno‐oncology (IO) therapies are costly and carry potential toxicities known as immune‐related adverse events.

Evaluation of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) can impact the risk‐benefit assessment of IO therapies.

Integration of HRQOL end points and patient‐reported outcome data for IO therapies are urgently needed.

Ongoing robust development of patient‐reported outcome tools specific to IO therapies are currently underway and will permit the evaluation of HRQOL for IO agents.

Improvement in precision and reliability of HRQOL evaluation will enhance the ultimate true value of these expensive and effective drugs.