bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VRK1 functional insufficiency due to alterations in protein stability or kinase activity of human VRK1 pathogenic variants implicated in neuromotor syndromes
Authors: Martín-Doncel Elena , Rojas Ana M. , Cantarero Lara , Lazo Pedro A.
Published: September 2019

Very rare polymorphisms in the human VRK1 (vaccinia-related kinase 1) gene have been identified in complex neuromotor phenotypes associated to spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), microcephaly, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and distal motor neuron dysfunctions. The mechanisms by which these VRK1 variant proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of these neurological syndromes are unknown. The syndromes are manifested when both of these rare VRK1 polymorphic alleles are implicated, either in homozygosis or compound heterozygosis. In this report, to identify the common underlying pathogenic mechanism of VRK1 polymorphisms, we have studied all human VRK1 variants identified in these neurological phenotypes from a biochemical point of view by molecular modeling, protein stability and kinase activity assays. Molecular modelling predicted that VRK1 variant proteins are either unstable or have an altered kinase activity. The stability and kinase activity of VRK1 pathogenic variants detected two groups. One composed by variants with a reduced protein stability: R133C, R358X, L195V, G135R and R321C. The other group includes VRK1variants with a reduced kinase activity tested on several substrates: histones H3 and H2AX, p53, c-Jun, coilin and 53BP1, a DNA repair protein. VRK1 variants with reduced kinase activity are H119R, R133C, G135R, V236M, R321C and R358X. The common underlying effect of VRK1 pathogenic variants with reduced protein stability or kinase activity is a functional insufficiency of VRK1 in patients with neuromotor developmental syndromes. The G135 variant cause a defective formation of 53BP1 foci in response to DNA damage, and loss Cajal bodies assembled on coilin.
Benchmarking urine storage and collection conditions for evaluating the female urinary microbiome
Authors: Jung Carrie E. , Chopyk Jessica , Shin Ji Hyun , Lukacz Emily S. , Brubaker Linda , Schwanemann Leila K. , Knight Rob , Wolfe Alan J. , Pride David T.
Published: September 2019

Standardized conditions for collection, preservation and storage of urine for microbiome research have not been established. We aimed to identify the effects of the use of preservative AssayAssure® (AA), and the effects of storage time and temperatures on reproducibility of urine microbiome results. We sequenced the V3–4 segment of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the bacterial community in the urine of a cohort of women. Each woman provided a single voided urine sample, which was divided into aliquots and stored with and without AA, at three different temperatures (room temperature [RT], 4 °C, or −20 °C), and for various time periods up to 4 days. There were significant microbiome differences in urine specimens stored with and without AA at all temperatures, but the most significant differences were observed in alpha diversity (estimated number of taxa) at RT. Specimens preserved at 4 °C and −20 °C for up to 4 days with or without AA had no significant alpha diversity differences. However, significant alpha diversity differences were observed in samples stored without AA at RT. Generally, there was greater microbiome preservation with AA than without AA at all time points and temperatures, although not all results were statistically significant. Addition of AA preservative, shorter storage times, and colder temperatures are most favorable for urinary microbiome reproducibility.
Adenovirus infection is associated with altered gut microbial communities in a non-human primate
Authors: Wasimuddin  , Corman Victor M. , Ganzhorn Jörg U. , Rakotondranary Jacques , Ratovonamana Yedidya R. , Drosten Christian , Sommer Simone
Published: September 2019

Adenovirus (AdV) infections are one of the main causes of diarrhea in young children. Enteric AdVs probably disrupt gut microbial defences, which can result in diarrhea. To understand the role of the gut microbiome in AdV-induced pathologies, we investigated the gut microbiome of a naturally AdV-infected non-human primate species, the Malagasy mouse lemur (Microcebus griseorufus), which represents an important model in understanding the evolution of diseases. We observed that AdV infection is associated with disruption of the gut microbial community composition. In AdV+ lemurs, several commensal taxa essential for a healthy gut microbiome decreased, whereas genera containing potential pathogens, such as Neisseria, increased in abundance. Microbial co-occurrence networks revealed a loss of important microbial community interactions in AdV+ lemurs and an overrepresentation of Prevotellaceae. The observation of enteric virus-associated loss of commensal bacteria and associated shifts towards pathobionts may represent the missing link for a better understanding of AdV-induced effects in humans, and also for their potential as drivers of co-infections, an area of research that has been largely neglected so far.
Application of a chemical probe to detect neutrophil elastase activation during inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Anderson Bethany M. , Poole Daniel P. , Aurelio Luigi , Ng Garrett Z. , Fleischmann Markus , Kasperkiewicz Paulina , Morissette Celine , Drag Marcin , van Driel Ian R. , Schmidt Brian L. , Vanner Stephen J. , Bunnett Nigel W. , Edgington-Mitchell Laura E.
Published: September 2019

Neutrophil elastase is a serine protease that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Due to post-translational control of its activation and high expression of its inhibitors in the gut, measurements of total expression poorly reflect the pool of active, functional neutrophil elastase. Fluorogenic substrate probes have been used to measure neutrophil elastase activity, though these tools lack specificity and traceability. PK105 is a recently described fluorescent activity-based probe, which binds to neutrophil elastase in an activity-dependent manner. The irreversible nature of this probe allows for accurate identification of its targets in complex protein mixtures. We describe the reactivity profile of PK105b, a new analogue of PK105, against recombinant serine proteases and in tissue extracts from healthy mice and from models of inflammation induced by oral cancer and Legionella pneumophila infection. We apply PK105b to measure neutrophil elastase activation in an acute model of experimental colitis. Neutrophil elastase activity is detected in inflamed, but not healthy, colons. We corroborate this finding in mucosal biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis. Thus, PK105b facilitates detection of neutrophil elastase activity in tissue lysates, and we have applied it to demonstrate that this protease is unequivocally activated during colitis.
Magnetic reversal in perpendicularly magnetized antidot arrays with intrinsic and extrinsic defects
Authors: Krupinski Michal , Sobieszczyk Pawel , Zieliński Piotr , Marszałek Marta
Published: September 2019

Defects can significantly affect performance of nanopatterned magnetic devices, therefore their influence on the material properties has to be understood well before the material is used in technological applications. However, this is experimentally challenging due to the inability of the control of defect characteristics in a reproducible manner. Here, we construct a micromagnetic model, which accounts for intrinsic and extrinsic defects associated with the polycrystalline nature of the material and with corrugated edges of nanostructures. The predictions of the model are corroborated by the measurements obtained for highly ordered arrays of circular Co/Pd antidots with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We found that magnetic properties, magnetic reversal and the evolution of the domain pattern are strongly determined by density of defects, heterogeneity of nanostructures, and edge corrugations. In particular, an increase in the Néel domain walls, as compared to Bloch walls, was observed with a increase of the antidot diameters, suggesting that a neck between two antidots can behave like a nanowire with a width determined by the array period and antidot size. Furthermore, the presence of edge corrugations can lead to the formation of a network of magnetic bubbles, which are unstable in non-patterned flat films.
Mendelian randomization analysis rules out disylipidaemia as colorectal cancer cause
Authors: Ibáñez-Sanz Gemma , Díez-Villanueva Anna , Riera-Ponsati Marina , Fernández-Villa Tania , Fernández Navarro Pablo , Bustamante Mariona , Llorca Javier , Amiano Pilar , Ascunce Nieves , Fernández-Tardón Guillermo , Salcedo Bellido Inmaculada , Salas Dolores , Capelo Álvarez Rocío , Crous-Bou Marta , Ortega-Valín Luis , Pérez-Gómez Beatriz , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Palazuelos Camilo , Altzibar Jone M. , Ardanaz Eva , Tardón Adonina , Jiménez Moleón José Juan , Olmos Juste Valle , Aragonés Nuria , Pollán Marina , Kogevinas Manolis , Moreno Victor
Published: September 2019

Dyslipidemia and statin use have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), but prospective studies have shown mixed results. We aimed to determine whether dyslipidemia is causally linked to CRC risk using a Mendelian randomization approach and to explore the association of statins with CRC. A case-control study was performed including 1336 CRC cases and 2744 controls (MCC-Spain). Subjects were administered an epidemiological questionnaire and were genotyped with an array which included polymorphisms associated with blood lipids levels, selected to avoid pleiotropy. Four genetic lipid scores specific for triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), or total cholesterol (TC) were created as the count of risk alleles. The genetic lipid scores were not associated with CRC. The ORs per 10 risk alleles, were for TG 0.91 (95%CI: 0.72–1.16, p = 0.44), for HDL 1.14 (95%CI: 0.95–1.37, p = 0.16), for LDL 0.97 (95%CI: 0.81–1.16, p = 0.73), and for TC 0.98 (95%CI: 0.84–1.17, p = 0.88). The LDL and TC genetic risk scores were associated with statin use, but not the HDL or TG. Statin use, overall, was a non-significant protective factor for CRC (OR 0.84; 95%CI: 0.70–1.01, p = 0.060), but lipophilic statins were associated with a CRC risk reduction (OR 0.78; 95%CI 0.66–0.96, p = 0.018). Using the Mendelian randomization approach, our study does not support the hypothesis that lipid levels are associated with the risk of CRC. This study does not rule out, however, a possible protective effect of statins in CRC by a mechanism unrelated to lipid levels.
A high throughput multi-locus insecticide resistance marker panel for tracking resistance emergence and spread in Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Lucas Eric R. , Rockett Kirk A. , Lynd Amy , Essandoh John , Grisales Nelson , Kemei Brigid , Njoroge Harun , Hubbart Christina , Rippon Emily J. , Morgan John , Van’t Hof Arjen E. , Ochomo Eric O. , Kwiatkowski Dominic P. , Weetman David , Donnelly Martin J.
Published: September 2019

The spread of resistance to insecticides in disease-carrying mosquitoes poses a threat to the effectiveness of control programmes, which rely largely on insecticide-based interventions. Monitoring mosquito populations is essential, but obtaining phenotypic measurements of resistance is laborious and error-prone. High-throughput genotyping offers the prospect of quick and repeatable estimates of resistance, while also allowing resistance markers to be tracked and studied. To demonstrate the potential of highly-mulitplexed genotypic screening for measuring resistance-association of mutations and tracking their spread, we developed a panel of 28 known or putative resistance markers in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, which we used to screen mosquitoes from a wide swathe of Sub-Saharan Africa (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Kenya). We found resistance association in four markers, including a novel mutation in the detoxification gene Gste2 (Gste2-119V). We also identified a duplication in Gste2 combining a resistance-associated mutation with its wild-type counterpart, potentially alleviating the costs of resistance. Finally, we describe the distribution of the multiple origins of kdr resistance, finding unprecedented diversity in the DRC. This panel represents the first step towards a quantitative genotypic model of insecticide resistance that can be used to predict resistance status in An. gambiae.
K-edge Subtraction Computed Tomography with a Compact Synchrotron X-ray Source
Authors: Kulpe Stephanie , Dierolf Martin , Günther Benedikt , Busse Madleen , Achterhold Klaus , Gleich Bernhard , Herzen Julia , Rummeny Ernst , Pfeiffer Franz , Pfeiffer Daniela
Published: September 2019

In clinical diagnosis, X-ray computed tomography (CT) is one of the most important imaging techniques. Yet, this method lacks the ability to differentiate similarly absorbing substances like commonly used iodine contrast agent and calcium which is typically seen in calcifications, kidney stones and bones. K-edge subtraction (KES) imaging can help distinguish these materials by subtracting two CT scans recorded at different X-ray energies. So far, this method mostly relies on monochromatic X-rays produced at large synchrotron facilities. Here, we present the first proof-of-principle experiment of a filter-based KES CT method performed at a compact synchrotron X-ray source based on inverse-Compton scattering, the Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS). It is shown that iodine contrast agent and calcium can be clearly separated to provide CT volumes only showing one of the two materials. These results demonstrate that KES CT at a compact synchrotron source can become an important tool in pre-clinical research.
Microparticle and interleukin-1β production with human simulated compressed air diving
Authors: Brett Kaighley D. , Nugent Nathan Z. , Fraser Noelle K. , Bhopale Veena M. , Yang Ming , Thom Stephen R.
Published: September 2019

Production of blood-borne microparticles (MPs), 0.1–1 µm diameter vesicles, and interleukin (IL)-1β in response to high pressure is reported in lab animals and associated with pathological changes. It is unknown whether the responses occur in humans, and whether they are due to exposure to high pressure or to the process of decompression. Blood from research subjects exposed in hyperbaric chambers to air pressure equal to 18 meters of sea water (msw) for 60 minutes or 30 msw for 35 minutes were obtained prior to and during compression and 2 hours post-decompression. MPs and intra-particle IL-1β elevations occurred while at pressure in both groups. At 18 msw (n = 15) MPs increased by 1.8-fold, and IL-1β by 7.0-fold (p < 0.05, repeated measures ANOVA on ranks). At 30 msw (n = 16) MPs increased by 2.5-fold, and IL-1β by 4.6-fold (p < 0.05), and elevations persisted after decompression with MPs elevated by 2.0-fold, and IL-1β by 6.0-fold (p < 0.05). Whereas neutrophils incubated in ambient air pressure for up to 3 hours ex vivo did not generate MPs, those exposed to air pressure at 180 kPa for 1 hour generated 1.4 ± 0.1 MPs/cell (n = 8, p < 0.05 versus ambient air), and 1.7 ± 0.1 MPs/cell (p < 0.05 versus ambient air) when exposed to 300 kPa for 35 minutes. At both pressures IL-1β concentration tripled (p < 0.05 versus ambient air) during pressure exposure and increased 6-fold (p < 0.05 versus ambient air) over 2 hours post-decompression. Platelets also generated MPs but at a rate about 1/100 that seen with neutrophils. We conclude that production of MPs containing elevated concentrations of IL-1β occur in humans during exposure to high gas pressures, more so than as a response to decompression. While these events may pose adverse health threats, their contribution to decompression sickness development requires further study.
Conductive silicone elastomers electrodes processable by screen printing
Authors: Quinsaat Jose Enrico Q. , Burda Iurii , Krämer Ronny , Häfliger Daniel , Nüesch Frank A. , Dascalu Mihaela , Opris Dorina M.
Published: September 2019

Conductive inks consisting of graphene and carbon black conductive fillers into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, which can be processed into thin films by screen printing are developed. The influence of filler composition and content on mechanical and electrical properties of the conductive composites is investigated. The best composites were evaluated as electrode material for dielectric elastomer actuators and for piezoelectric sensors. With increasing filler content, the electrical properties of the resulting composites of graphite nanoplates (GNPs) or a binary mixture of GNPs and carbon black (CB) with PDMS (Mw = 139 kg/mol) are enhanced. Hence, PDMS composites filled with GNPs (42 wt.%) or a binary mixture of GNPs/CB (300/150 ratio, 30 wt.% of total filler loading) exhibited constant contact resistance values of 0.5 and 5 Ω determined in life-cycle test, respectively, thus rendering them suitable as electrode materials for piezosensors. On the other hand, dielectric elastomer actuators require more flexible electrode materials, which could be tuned by varying the polymer molecular weight and by reducing the filler content. Therefore, a composite consisting of PDMS (Mw = 692 kg/mol) and a binary filler mixture of GNPs/CB (150/75 ratio, 18 wt.% of total filler loading) was used for producing the electrodes of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). The produced DETs with different electrode thicknesses were characterized in terms of their performance. The negligible hysteresis of the electrode materials is favorable for sensor and actuator applications.
The outcome of skeletofacial reconstruction with mandibular rotation for management of asymmetric skeletal class III deformity: A three-dimensional computer-assisted investigation
Authors: Wu Ting-Yu , Denadai Rafael , Lin Hsiu-Hsia , Ho Cheng-Ting , Lo Lun-Jou
Published: September 2019

The mandibular proximal ramus segments should be moved and rotated during orthognathic surgery-based skeletofacial reconstruction for the correction of challenging patients with facial asymmetry and malocclusion, but quantitative data regarding this rotation were not sufficient to date. This 3D computer-assisted study measured the proximal ramus segment rotation after 3D simulation-guided two-jaw surgery in patients with facial asymmetric deformity and class III malocclusion (n = 31). Using 3D mandible models and a reliable proximal ramus segment-related plane, angular changes in pitch, roll and yaw directions were measured before and one month after surgery. Significant rotational changes (p < 0.01) were observed in the left and right sides and overall proximal ramus segments after surgery, with absolute differences of 4.1 ± 3.0 (range −7.8 to 6.9), 2.8 ± 2.3 (−8.8 to 5.0), and 2.7 ± 2.4 (−6.6 to 9.9) degrees in pitch, roll, and yaw rotations, respectively. Numbness and mouth opening limiting occurred within the first 6 months after surgery but the patients had an unremarkable long-term postoperative course, with no revisionary surgery required. This study contributes to the multidisciplinary-related literature by revealing that proximal ramus segment rotation and rigid fixation with no postoperative intermaxillary immobilization was practicable in skeletofacial surgery for the successful treatment of asymmetric deformity and class III malocclusion.
Impact of nitrogen compounds on fungal and bacterial contributions to codenitrification in a pasture soil
Authors: Rex David , Clough Timothy J. , Richards Karl G. , Condron Leo M. , de Klein Cecile A. M. , Morales Sergio E. , Lanigan Gary J.
Published: September 2019

Ruminant urine patches on grazed grassland are a significant source of agricultural nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Of the many biotic and abiotic N2O production mechanisms initiated following urine-urea deposition, codenitrification resulting in the formation of hybrid N2O, is one of the least understood. Codenitrification forms hybrid N2O via biotic N-nitrosation, co-metabolising organic and inorganic N compounds (N substrates) to produce N2O. The objective of this study was to assess the relative significance of different N substrates on codenitrification and to determine the contributions of fungi and bacteria to codenitrification. 15N-labelled ammonium, hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and two amino acids (phenylalanine or glycine) were applied, separately, to sieved soil mesocosms eight days after a simulated urine event, in the absence or presence of bacterial and fungal inhibitors. Soil chemical variables and N2O fluxes were monitored and the codenitrified N2O fluxes determined. Fungal inhibition decreased N2O fluxes by ca. 40% for both amino acid treatments, while bacterial inhibition only decreased the N2O flux of the glycine treatment, by 14%. Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) generated the highest N2O fluxes which declined with either fungal or bacterial inhibition alone, while combined inhibition resulted in a 60% decrease in the N2O flux. All the N substrates examined participated to some extent in codenitrification. Trends for codenitrification under the NH2OH substrate treatment followed those of total N2O fluxes (85.7% of total N2O flux). Codenitrification fluxes under non-NH2OH substrate treatments (0.7–1.2% of total N2O flux) were two orders of magnitude lower, and significant decreases in these treatments only occurred with fungal inhibition in the amino acid substrate treatments. These results demonstrate that in situ studies are required to better understand the dynamics of codenitrification substrates in grazed pasture soils and the associated role that fungi have with respect to codenitrification.
Delayed mite hatching in response to mechanical stimuli simulating egg predation attempts
Authors: Fukuse Kaoru , Yano Shuichi
Published: September 2019

Delayed or induced hatching in response to predation risk has been reported mainly in aquatic systems, where waterborne cues from predators and injured neighbouring eggs are available. Newly emerged larvae of the terrestrial predatory mite Neoseiulus womersleyi are vulnerable to predation by con- and heterospecific predatory mites, whereas their eggs are not. We examined whether N. womersleyi embryos delay hatching in response to artificial mechanical stimuli that simulates egg predation attempts. When embryos near the hatching stage were artificially stimulated every 5 min for 60 min, most stopped hatching for the duration of the 60-min period, whereas unstimulated embryos did not. Stimulated embryos resumed hatching when the treatment was stopped, and the proportion of hatched stimulated embryos caught up with that of unstimulated embryos within 120 min after stimuli stopped. Since hatching did not stop in response to changes in gravity direction, the effect of direct mechanical stimuli on the eggs was considered a proximate factor in delayed hatching. These results suggest that N. womersleyi embryos recognise immediate predation risk via mechanical stimuli, and delay hatching until the predation risk is reduced.
Dependence of connectivity on geometric distance in brain networks
Authors: Perinelli Alessio , Tabarelli Davide , Miniussi Carlo , Ricci Leonardo
Published: September 2019

In any network, the dependence of connectivity on physical distance between nodes is a direct consequence of trade-off mechanisms between costs of establishing and sustaining links, processing rates, propagation speed of signals between nodes. Despite its universality, there are still few studies addressing this issue. Here we apply a recently–developed method to infer links between nodes, and possibly subnetwork structures, to determine connectivity strength as a function of physical distance between nodes. The model system we investigate is brain activity reconstructed on the cortex out of magnetoencephalography recordings sampled on a set of healthy subjects in resting state. We found that the dependence of the time scale of observability of a link on its geometric length follows a power–law characterized by an exponent whose extent is inversely proportional to connectivity. Our method provides a new tool to highlight and investigate networks in neuroscience.
Pseudo-equilibrium equation of calcium phosphate precipitation from aqueous solution
Authors: Fan Hong-Xing , Gou Bao-Di , Gao Yu-Xi , Wu Gang , Zhang Tian-Lan
Published: September 2019

For a precipitation reaction involving an amorphous phase, the equilibrium equation takes the general form (middle), which converts to the conventional “reaction quotient” (left) and the “solubility product” (right) in two limit cases, respectively.
The synergistic role of double vacancies within AgGaS2 nanocrystals in carrier separation and transfer for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wu Hanying , Li Xiao , Cheng Yao , Xiao Yihong , Wu Qingping , Lin Hang , Xu Ju , Wang Yuansheng
Published: September 2019

The double vacancies synergistically contribute to photocatalytic activity by affecting the separation and transfer efficiency of photo-generated carriers.
Modulating the basicity of Zn-MOF-74 via cation exchange with calcium ions
Authors: Zhang Zhuxiu , Xiao Yue , Cui Mifen , Tang Jihai , Fei Zhaoyang , Liu Qing , Chen Xian , Qiao Xu
Published: September 2019

The fine-tuning of MBBs in Zn-MOF-74 through post-synthetic cation exchange with Ca2+ significantly enhances its basicity. The resulting Ca/Zn-MOF-74 gives an improved product yield over Zn-MOF-74 and Ni/Zn-MOF-74 in Knoevenagel condensation.
Synthesis, structure and DFT calculations of mononuclear cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene supported titanium(ii) complexes
Authors: Ma Wangyang , Zhang Jing-Xuan , Lin Zhenyang , Tilley T. Don , Ye Qing
Published: September 2019

The first mononuclear cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene supported titanium(iii) complex [Cl2Ti(cAAC)2] featuring a small S–T energy gap has been synthesized and structurally characterized.
Coordination-induced O–H bond weakening in Sm(ii)-water complexes
Authors: Bartulovich C. O. , Flowers R. A.
Published: September 2019

Coordination of water to low-valent Sm leads to O–H bond-weakening that enables PCET to substrates.
More than ten percent ionization efficiency for Tc measurement by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Tang Lei , Bu Wenting , Liu Xuemei , Hu Sheng
Published: September 2019

Pt filaments with Ba(OH)2 as the ionization activator were highlighted for the measurement of Tc by N-TIMS.
Side-chain polysiloxane liquid crystalline elastomers from non-mesogenic components
Authors: Mohana K. , Umadevi S.
Published: September 2019

Synthesis and characterisation of two new azo-based polysiloxane liquid crystalline elastomers containing non-mesogenic monomers and different cross-linkers are described.
Structurally colored protease responsive nanoparticle hydrogels with degradation-directed assembly
Authors: Torres Leopoldo , Daristotle John L. , Ayyub Omar B. , Bellato Meinhardt Bianca M. , Garimella Havisha , Margaronis Artemis , Seifert Soenke , Bedford Nicholas M. , Woehl Taylor J. , Kofinas Peter
Published: September 2019

Nanoparticle hydrogels undergo a degradation-directed assembly producing tunable structural color changes for potential sensor applications.
Perspectives for Ag2S NIR-II nanoparticles in biomedicine: from imaging to multifunctionality
Authors: Shen Yingli , Lifante José , Ximendes Erving , Santos Harrison D. A. , Ruiz Diego , Juárez Beatriz H. , Zabala Gutiérrez Irene , Torres Vera Vivian , Rubio Retama Jorge , Martín Rodríguez Emma , Ortgies Dirk H. , Jaque Daniel , Benayas Antonio , del Rosal Blanca
Published: September 2019

A critical analysis of the synthesis routes, properties and optical features of Ag2S nanoparticles is presented. The future perspectives of this material for advanced bioimaging are discussed.
3D printing of highly conductive silver architectures enabled to sinter at low temperatures
Authors: Kim Jung Hyun , Lee Sanghyeon , Wajahat Muhammad , Ahn Jinhyuck , Pyo Jaeyeon , Chang Won Suk , Seol Seung Kwon
Published: September 2019

Highly conductive 3D Ag architectures are realized by extrusion-based 3D printing using Ag inks enabled to sinter at low temperatures.
High-density surface protuberances endow ternary PtFeSn nanowires with high catalytic performance for efficient alcohol electro-oxidation
Authors: Wang Cheng , Xu Hui , Gao Fei , Zhang Yangping , Song Tongxin , Wang Caiqin , Shang Hongyuan , Zhu Xing , Du Yukou
Published: September 2019

Ultrafine PtFeSn nanowires (NWs) with high-density surface protuberances and tunable compositions were prepared as efficient electrocatalysts for MOR and EOR.
Scaffold stabilization of a G-triplex and study of its interactions with G-quadruplex targeting ligands
Authors: Bonnat Laureen , Dautriche Maelle , Saidi Taous , Revol-Cavalier Johana , Dejeu Jérôme , Defrancq Eric , Lavergne Thomas
Published: September 2019

We have assembled a DNA conjugate which folds into a stable G-triplex structure and used it to demonstrate the binding promiscuity of G-quadruplex targeting ligands.
Catalytic allylic functionalization via π-allyl palladium chemistry
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Nallasivam Jothi L.
Published: September 2019

This review highlights the palladium-catalyzed allylic C–H functionalizations via π-allyl palladium reported from early 2014 to present date.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 2,5-dihydrofurans using synergistic bifunctional Ag catalysis
Authors: Shi Taoda , Teng Shenghan , Gopi Krishna Reddy Alavala , Guo Xin , Zhang Yueteng , Moore Kohlson T. , Buckley Thomas , Mason Damian J. , Wang Wei , Chapman Eli , Hu Wenhao
Published: September 2019

We report a bifunctional Ag catalyst promoted intramolecular capture of oxonium ylides with alkynes for the enantioselective synthesis of 2,5-dihydrofurans.
Core-crosslinked worm-like micelles from polyether-based diblock terpolymers
Authors: Elter Johanna K. , Biehl Philip , Gottschaldt Michael , Schacher Felix H.
Published: September 2019

We herein report on the synthesis of polyether-based diblock terpolymers and their self-assembly into complex solution structures (e.g. filomicelles). The aggregates were core-crosslinked and their structure was influenced via ultrasonication.
Electrochemical synthesis of n-type ZnS layers on p-Cu2O/n-ZnO heterojunctions with different deposition temperatures
Authors: Bengas Rayhena , Lahmar Halla , Redha Khelladi Mohamed , Mentar Loubna , Azizi Amor , Schmerber Guy , Dinia Aziz
Published: September 2019

Metal oxide p–n heterojunctions consisting of p-Cu2O/n-ZnO/n-ZnS nanostructures were deposited on an ITO substrate by three-step electrodeposition.
Mxene/alginate composites for lead and copper ion removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Dong Yanjie , Sang Dashen , He Chengdong , Sheng Xinfeng , Lei Longwen
Published: September 2019

Studies on Mxene/alginate composite adsorption have opened up a new avenue for designing adsorbents possessing high adsorption capacity and high efficiency.
Enhancing the performance of perovskite light-emitting devices through 1,3,5-tris(2-N-phenylbenzimidazolyl)benzene interlayer incorporation
Authors: Xiao Zewu , Wu Yanting , He Lihong , Yang Xiaoli , Lian Yajun , Li Guoqing , Yang Xiaohui
Published: September 2019

Incorporation of a spin-coated TPBi interlayer effectively reduces defect density in MAPbBr3 layers, translating into a 2-fold increase in the EQE of related light-emitting devices.
Polymerization in soft nanoconfinement of lamellar and reverse hexagonal mesophases
Authors: Qavi Sahar , Bandegi Alireza , Firestone Millicent , Foudazi Reza
Published: September 2019

The polymerization rate decreases in the nanoconfined structure compared to the bulk state due to the segregation effect, which increases the local monomer concentration and enhances the termination reaction.
A nature-inspired lubricant-infused surface for sustainable drag reduction
Authors: Lee Sang Joon , Kim Hae Nyeok , Choi Woorak , Yoon Gun Young , Seo Eunseok
Published: September 2019

This work provides insight into a novel strategy of enhancing the durability of a lubricant-infused surface for sustainable drag reduction.
The role of NaF post-deposition treatment on the photovoltaic characteristics of semitransparent ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells prepared on indium-tin-oxide back contacts: a comparative study
Authors: Saifullah Muhammad , Kim Dongryeol , Cho Jun-Sik , Ahn Seungkyu , Ahn SeJin , Yun Jae Ho , Lee Ho Seong , Park Joo Hyung
Published: September 2019

NaF post-deposition treatment considerably enhanced the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of <500 nm thick Cu(In, Ga)Se2 absorber-based solar cells.
Alloying in inverse CeO2/Pd nanoparticles to enhance the electrocatalytic activity for the formate oxidation reaction
Authors: Tang Quan , Chen Fuyi , Jin Tao , Guo Longfei , Wang Qiao , Liu Huazhen
Published: September 2019

Inverse CeO2/Pd catalysts with Pd/Ce alloying enhanced FOR activity by the electronic effect of Ce and the oxophilic effect of CeO2.
Biodegradable iron-coordinated hollow polydopamine nanospheres for dihydroartemisinin delivery and selectively enhanced therapy in tumor cells
Authors: Dong Liang , Wang Chao , Zhen Wenyao , Jia Xiaodan , An Shangjie , Xu Zhiai , Zhang Wen , Jiang Xiue
Published: September 2019

Biodegradable iron-coordinated hollow polydopamine nanospheres are successfully synthesized for dihydroartemisinin delivery and selectively enhanced therapy in tumor cells.
Skillfully deflecting the question: a small amount of piperazine-1,4-diium iodide radically enhances the thermal stability of CsPbI3 perovskite
Authors: Wang Hailiang , Xiang Sisi , Li Weiping , Liu Huicong , Zhu Liqun , Xiao Shuang , Yang Shihe , Chen Haining
Published: September 2019

A small amount of piperazine-1,4-diium iodide was added into CsPbI3 perovskite to radically enhance the thermal stability of the perovskite phase.
Green persistent luminescence and the electronic structure of β-Sialon:Eu2+
Authors: Wang Shuxin , Liu Xiaolang , Qu Bingyan , Song Zhen , Wang Zhizhen , Zhang Shiyou , Wang Feixiong , Geng Wen-Tong , Liu Quanlin
Published: September 2019

The persistent luminescence performance and electronic structure of β-Sialon:Eu2+ are first reported. A novel strategy to construct the host referred binding energy schemes is proposed.
All-inorganic lead halide perovskites: a promising choice for photovoltaics and detectors
Authors: Deng Jianping , Li Jinglei , Yang Zhi , Wang Minqiang
Published: September 2019

By engineering the composition, size and surface, all-inorganic perovskites with outstanding performance and stability have been achieved for photovoltaic and detector applications.
Properties of central stars of planetary nebulae with distances in Gaia DR2
Authors: González-Santamaría I. , Manteiga M. , Manchado A. , Ulla A. , Dafonte C.
Published: September 2019

Context. We have compiled a catalogue of central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPN) with reliable distances and positions obtained from Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) astrometry. Distances derived from parallaxes allow us to analyse the galactic distribution and estimate other parameters such as sizes, kinematical ages, bolometric magnitudes, and luminosities.

Aims. Our objective is to analyse the information regarding distances together with other available literature data about photometric properties, nebular kinematics, and stellar effective temperatures to throw new light on this rapid and rather unknown evolutionary phase. We seek to understand how Gaia distances compare with other indirect methods commonly used and, in particular, with those derived from non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) models; how many planetary nebulae (PNe) populate the Galaxy; and how are they spatially distributed. We also aim to comprehend their intrinsic luminosities, range of physical sizes of the nebulae; how to derive the values for their kinematical ages; and whether those ages are compatible with those derived from evolutionary models.

Methods. We considered all PNe listed in catalogues from different authors and in Hong Kong/AAO/Strasbourg/Hα (HASH) database. By X-matching their positions with Gaia DR2 astrometry we were able to identify 1571 objects in Gaia second archive, for which we assumed distances calculated upon a Bayesian statistical approach. From those objects, we selected a sample of PNe with good quality parallax measurements and distance derivations, we which refer to as our Golden Astrometry PNe sample (GAPN), and obtained literature values of their apparent sizes, radial and expansion velocities, visual magnitudes, interstellar reddening, and effective temperatures.

Results. We found that the distances derived from DR2 parallaxes compare well with previous astrometric derivations of the United States Naval Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope, but that distances inferred from non-LTE model fitting are overestimated and need to be carefully reviewed. From literature apparent sizes, we calculated the physical radii for a subsample of nebulae that we used to derive the so-called kinematical ages, taking into account literature expansion velocities. Luminosities calculated with DR2 distances were combined with literature central stars Teff values in a Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram to infer information on the evolutionary status of the nebulae. We compared their positions with updated evolutionary tracks finding a rather consistent picture. Stars with the smallest associated nebular radii are located in the flat luminosity region of the HR diagram, while those with the largest radii correspond to objects in a later stage, getting dimmer on their way to become a white dwarf. Finally, we commented on the completeness of our catalogue and calculated an approximate value for the total number of PNe in the Galaxy.
Maligne Hyperthermie – Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Johannsen Stephan , Schuster Frank
Published: September 2019

Die maligne Hyperthermie ist ein heterogenes klinisches Syndrom, bei dem es nach Exposition mit volatilen Anästhetika und/oder dem depolarisierenden Muskelrelaxans Succinylcholin zu einer gesteigerten Stoffwechselaktivität der Skelettmuskulatur mit zum Teil lebensbedrohlichen systemischen Auswirkungen auf Herz-Kreislauf-Funktionen, Körpertemperatur und Säure-Basen-Haushalt kommt. Der Beitrag gibt einen aktuellen Überblick über dieses seltene Krankheitsbild.
Infectious Etiologies of Stroke
Authors: Shulman Julie G. , Cervantes-Arslanian Anna M.
Published: September 2019

Central nervous system (CNS) infections are a frequently underappreciated potential etiology of cerebrovascular disease. Highlighted in this review are a selection of infectious agents that lead to cerebrovascular complications through various mechanisms including multifocal vasculopathy, focal infiltrative vasculitis and vasospasm, and direct vessel wall invasion and thrombus formation. Diagnosis of stroke due to underlying CNS infection requires a high index of clinical suspicion and careful consideration of neuroimaging, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid studies in addition to a detailed history and neurologic examination. Prompt and targeted treatment is essential in these conditions, which frequently herald a poor prognosis. Specifically, cerebrovascular complications associated with varicella zoster virus, syphilis, tuberculosis, aspergillosis, and acute bacterial meningitis are addressed here in detail.
Development and Maintenance of a Pleural Disease Service: Role of the “Pleurologist”
Authors: Cameron Kelsey , Teodoro Dana , Kasis Azam , Evison Matthew
Published: September 2019

Changes in the health care environment, increasing specialization, and the use of ultrasound have led to pleural diseases being managed by a select few. This article aims to look at the impact of current medical education paradigms, service structure, procedural education and role of the “pleurologist” in providing care to patients with pleural disease.
Malignant Mesothelioma: Has Anything Changed?
Authors: Kim Roger Y. , Sterman Daniel H. , Haas Andrew R.
Published: September 2019

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare cancer associated with asbestos exposure and portends a dismal prognosis. Its worldwide incidence has been increasing, and treatment options are currently suboptimal and noncurative. However, since the turn of the century, several encouraging steps have been made toward improving outcomes for mesothelioma patients. An increased understanding of disease pathophysiology has led to more accurate diagnosis and staging, and the establishment of the standard of care first-line pemetrexed/platin doublet chemotherapy regimen in 2003 initially revolutionized treatment. While significant debate remains regarding the preferred approach to surgical and radiation therapy in the context of multimodal therapy, recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy offer hope for another paradigm shift in the near future. This review will summarize the current clinical approach to diagnosis, staging, and treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Remineralization Potential of a Modified Eggshell–Titanium Composite-Scanning Electron Microscope Study
Authors: Onwubu Stanley Chibuzor , Mdluli Phumlane Selby , Singh Shenuka , Bharuth Vishal
Published: September 2019

Objectives This article reports the remineralization potential of a modified eggshell–titanium dioxide (EB-TiO2) composite in the management of DH.

Materials and Methods The prepared composite was further characterized using different techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field scanning electron microscopy (FSEM) to establish the modification. Forty freshly extracted bovine anterior teeth were used to evaluate the dentin tubule remineralization potential of EB-TiO2. Each tooth was sectioned mesiodistally to obtain dentin blocks. The dentin blocks were subsequently agitated in 4% wt. citric acid for 2 minutes to simulate sensitive tooth. Each dentin block was randomly assigned to five groups, namely Group 1: untreated, Group 2: EB alone, Group 3: EB-TiO2 treated, and Group 4: Colgate Sensitive, and Group 5: Sensodyne treated (n = 8) that were then subjected to remineralization protocol.

Results Both the XRD and FTIR images confirm the surface medication of EB-TiO2. The TEM revealed a nonhomogeneous structure with an average particle size of 65 nm. FSEM further was used to observe the remineralization capabilities of the samples. The FSEM image of the dentin specimens treated with EB-TiO2 shows complete remineralization of the dentin tubules, which remain intact postacidic exposure.

Conclusions This study confirmed that EB-TiO2 composite effectively remineralizes dentin tubules. More so, the composite could be a cheaper and more efficient therapy material in the management of DH.
Nonintubated Uniportal Thoracoscopic Thymectomy with Laryngeal Mask
Authors: Liu Zhengcheng , Yang Rusong , Sun Yang
Published: September 2019

Objective To investigate whether laryngeal mask anesthesia had more favorable postoperative outcomes than double-lumen tube intubation anesthesia in uniportal thoracoscopic thymectomy.

Methods Data were collected retrospectively from December 2013 to December 2017. A total of 96 patients with anterior mediastinum mass underwent nonintubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy with laryngeal mask, and 129 patients underwent intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy. A single incision of ∼3 cm was made in an intercostal space along the anterior axillary line. Perioperative outcomes between nonintubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (NU-VATS) and intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (IU-VATS) were compared.

Results In both groups, incision size was kept to a minimum, with a median of 3 cm, and complete thymectomy was performed in all patients. Mean operative time was 61 minutes. The mean lowest SpO2 during operation was not significantly different. However, the mean peak end-tidal carbon dioxide in the NU-VATS group was higher than in the IU-VATS group. Mean chest tube duration in NU-VATS group was 1.9 days. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.5 days, with a range of 1 to 4 days. Time to oral fluid intake in the NU-VATS group was significantly less than in the IU-VATS group (p < 0.01). Several complications were significantly less in the NU-VATS group than in the IU-VATS group, including sore throat, nausea, irritable cough, and urinary retention.

Conclusion Compared with intubated approach, nonintubated uniportal thoracoscopic thymectomy with laryngeal mask is feasible for anterior mediastinum lesion, and patients recovered faster with less complications.
Successful Sleeve Resection as a Marker for Proficiency for Robotic Pulmonary Resection
Authors: Cosgun Tugba , Kaba Erkan , Ayalp Kemal , Toker Alper
Published: September 2019

Background Robot technology is a revolutionary technique to overcome limitations of minimal invasive surgery. The proficiency level varies from study to study. We considered the first sleeve lobectomy as a benchmark procedure to evaluate the proficiency level.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed 197 patients who underwent robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) for primary lung cancer between December 2011 and May 2018. Patients were divided into two groups based on undergoing surgery earlier period (EP) or later period (LP) than the first sleeve lobectomy by RATS (May 25, 2015). The preoperative, operative, and short- and long-term postoperative outcomes were compared. Seven-year survival was also compared between two periods for T1N0 and T2N0 diseases.

Results Preoperative features were similar. The mean operative time was 166.8 ± 55.1 and 142.4 ± 43.9 minutes in EP and LP, respectively (p = 0.005). The mean number of dissected lymph nodes in LP was also significantly higher than that in EP (24.4 ± 9.4 vs. 20.8 ± 10.4, p = 0.035). The complication rate was significantly lower in LP (29/86 vs. 25/111, p = 0.048). The extended resection (ER) rate was significantly higher in LP (p = 0.023). The 7-year survival was comparable in EP and LP in both patients with T1N0 and T2N0 (p = 0.28 and p = 0.11, respectively).

Conclusion Perioperative outcomes, such as duration of surgery, number of dissected lymph nodes, complications, and ERs are favorable in patients who underwent surgeries after the first sleeve resection. The first sleeve lobectomy may be considered as the benchmark procedure for the proficiency level in RATS.
Medial Wedge Opening High Tibial Osteotomy with an Extra Screw Fixation
Authors: Khalifa Ahmed A. , Fadle Amr A. , Alzohiry Mohammad Ali , Elsherif Mohamed Eslam , Refai Omar
Published: September 2019

Medial wedge opening high tibial osteotomy (MWOHTO) is effective for managing a variety of knee conditions, varus malalignment of the knee, either secondary to osteoarthritis or residual adolescent tibia vara, are among the indications, fixation may be done using different methods (Stables, T-plate, Budu plate, and TomoFix). We are describing our technique of performing (MWOHTO) fixed with titanium T plate supplemented with an extra screw from the lateral side which we call “extra-focal” screw to obtain biplanar fixation which may add to the rotational stability at the osteotomy site.