bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Point of view and narrative in Wikipedia translation
Authors: Shuttleworth Mark
Published: November 2024

Wikipedia prides itself on its ability to provide nuanced and largely neutral information, while as part of its
participatory editing process translation is sometimes used to introduce content that can impact point of view. Because of the
clear overlap between narrative and point of view, this article proposes an initial framework based on narrative theory —
supplemented by Bakhtin’s notion of polyphony — to theorise point of view in Wikipedia and beyond. The article assembles a list of
methods and tools for synchronic and diachronic analysis and exemplifies how different analyses might proceed. In this way, the
article aims to problematise the concept of point of view, to contribute to the significant impact that translation studies has
had on narrative theory and to advance research into the specifics of Wikipedia translation. Along the way, the English edition’s
claimed neutral status is called into question as it also displays evidence of manipulation.
JNK1 inhibitors target distal B cell receptor signaling and overcome BTK-inhibitor resistance in CLL
Authors: Saleem Shifa Khaja , Decker Sarah , Kissel Sandra , Bauer Marcus , Chernyakov Dmitry , Bräuer-Hartmann Daniela , Aumann Konrad , Wickenhauser Claudia , Herling Marco , Skorobohatko Oleksandra , Mathew Nimitha , Schmidt Cornelius , Klein Claudius , Follo Marie , Dierks Christine
Published: November 2024

Inhibition of the proximal B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway by BTK inhibitors is highly effective in the treatment of CLL, but drug resistance or intolerance occurs. Here, we investigated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase 1 (JNK1) as an alternative drug target in the distal BCR pathway. JNK1 was preferentially overexpressed and activated in poor prognostic CLL with unmutated IGHV. Proximal BCR inhibition (BTK, PI3K, or SYK inhibitors) or SYK knockdown efficiently dephosphorylated JNK1, identifying JNK1 as a critical BCR downstream kinase in CLL. JNK1 inhibition induced apoptosis in primary CLL cells, resulting in the downregulation of BCL2, MCL1, and c-JUN. JNK1 inhibition in patient-derived CLL xenografted mice and Eµ-TCL1-tg mice prevented CLL progression, reduced splenic infiltration, and restored T cell function and normal hematopoiesis. JNK1 inhibitors even remained effective in ibrutinib refractory CLL. In conclusion, our study revealed JNK1 as a promising drug target in CLL downstream of the BCR, overcoming ibrutinib resistance, blocking the protective microenvironment, and improving CLL-specific immunosuppressive mechanisms.
Revisiting the static spherically symmetric solutions of gravity with a conformally coupled scalar field
Authors: Ray Sourya
Published: November 2024

We revisit the static spherically symmetric solutions of Einstein’s general relativity with a conformally coupled scalar field in arbitrary dimensions. Using a four rank tensor introduced earlier we recast the field equations in a manifestly symmetric form to elucidate a somewhat less-known feature of dual mapping between solutions. We also show that there is a two-parameter subfamily of solutions which enjoy a duality symmetry and in four dimensions both the BBMB black hole and the Barcelo–Visser wormhole belong to this subfamily. Along the way, we rederive the full three-parameter family of solutions by direct integration of the field equations and a natural choice of ansatz which arguably has several advantages over other previously known methods.
Modeling the amplitude and energy decay of a weakly damped harmonic oscillator using the energy dissipation rate and a simple trick
Authors: Lelas Karlo , Pezer Robert
Published: November 2024

We demonstrate how to derive the exponential decrease of amplitude and an excellent approximation of the energy decay of a weakly damped harmonic oscillator without solving the associated equation of motion and without insight into the analytical form of its solution. This is achieved using a basic understanding of the undamped harmonic oscillator and the connection between the damping force’s power and the energy dissipation rate. The trick is adding the energy dissipation rates corresponding to two specific pairs of initial conditions with the same energy. In this way, we obtain a first-order differential equation from which we get the time-dependent amplitude and the energies corresponding to each pair of considered initial conditions. Comparing the results of our model to the exact solutions and energies yielded an excellent agreement. The physical concepts and mathematical techniques we employ are well-known to first-year undergraduates.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm decontamination and removal by Ar/H2O cold atmospheric plasma in endoscope-like tubing
Authors: Antoine Remy , Juliette Zveny , Teo Serra , Dalila Lakhloufi , Amélie Bourgeois , Jacques Devière , Anne Botteaux , Alain Delchambre , François Reniers , Antoine Nonclercq
Published: November 2024

In medical device disinfection, removing bacteria and biofilms is challenging due to the poor penetration of detergents into the biofilm matrix. This is specifically true for endoscopes, which cannot be fully sterilized. This paper presents a new technique for decontaminating and removing P. aeruginosa biofilm from endoscope tubing using cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). The CAP is produced everywhere inside a contaminated tube under sustained Ar/H2O flow. The tube arrangement mimics the working channel environment of an endoscope, which is particularly difficult to sterilize. The discharge’s chemical activity was optimized by increasing the voltage without increasing the total power, which enhanced the production of hydroxyl radicals (OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The disinfection treatment was tested on 24 h grown biofilm using the crystal violet assay for biofilm removal and the regrowth assay for bacterial decontamination. The treatments demonstrated effective decontamination capabilities at all treatment times with no bacterial regrowth. Etching of the biofilm sample by OH radicals was observed. After 30 min of treatment, only 18 ± 4% of biofilm remained on the surface, indicating near-complete biofilm removal and total absence of bacterial regrowth. This preliminary study demonstrates the effectiveness of using the direct contact of an Ar/H2O plasma to decontaminate and remove biofilm from complex shapes, such as flexible polytetraethylene tubes. It has the potential to enhance and shorten the disinfection of medical equipment, such as endoscopes.
Full vector vortex beam based on multiple-degree-of-freedom modulation
Authors: Ding Shuang , Li Yan , Liu Rui , Liu Yi , Qu Shiliang
Published: November 2024

We propose a full vector vortex beam (VVB) that can be modulated by the multiple-degree-of-freedom synthesis method. The proposed method has broad flexibility, which also has a useful applications in optical micromanipulation and trapping. In simulation, full VVB of different polarization orders is generated, and the polarization orientation detection is also analyzed. In experiment, both circular VVB with a central symmetric structure and chiral VVB with an asymmetric structure are realized, that are consistent with the simulations. The polarization order of both types of vortex beam can be arbitrarily adjustable and is independent of the orbital angular momentum value. Additionally, a chiral VVB with radial and azimuthal polarization can be constructed and its conventional energy distribution can be modulated by multiple focal synthesis. Based on the proposed method, we can implement the multiple-degree-of-freedom regulation of VVB, including polarization order, overall size, overall rotation, and energy distribution. The proposed vector beam has the potential to impact applications in optical tweezers, optical micromachining, holographic encryption and optical communication.
Third order lateral grating distributed feedback quantum cascade laser emitting around 4.7 μm
Authors: Li Hongxiao , Liu Zizhuo , Zhuo Ning , Sun Yongqiang , Gong Min , Chen Anlan , Yao Jinlin , Lin Zhongxi , Liang Ping , Zhong Xingli , Su Hui , Zhang Jinchuan , Liu Fengqi
Published: November 2024

Lateral grating is an effective and concise method for realizing single-mode laser sources, and it exhibits significant research value due to its regrowth-free characteristic and ideal wavelength reliability. In this study, by combining a third-order lateral grating design with an advanced fabrication process, we demonstrate a lateral grating distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade laser (QCL) emitting around 4.7 μm with ideal single-mode performance and emission wavelength stability. A single-longitudinal-mode output power of 13 mW is achieved, with a side mode suppression ratio of 20 dB, and the wavelength shift ratio is as low as 0.04 nm mA−1, indicating exceptional wavelength stability. Benefiting from the improvements in high-order lateral grating design and the high-quality deep etching grating production, this research on lateral grating DFB QCLs simplifies the manufacturing process and controls the cost of mid-infrared light sources. This is of great significance for promoting the commercialization of mid-infrared QCLs.
Lattice and spin entropy changes in B2-type magnetocaloric Al–Mn–Ni alloy
Authors: Huang Shuo , Dastanpour Esmat , Ström Valter , Varga Lajos Károly , Eriksson Olle , Jin Hongyun , Vitos Levente
Published: November 2024

Understanding the electronic, lattice, and magnetic contributions to the magnetocaloric effect in magnetic materials can help to elucidate and optimize their performance. In this work, the structural and magnetocaloric properties of Al–Mn–Ni alloy are experimentally determined and theoretically analyzed based on ab initio calculations. The dominating B2 phase associated with the Mn-rich sublattice is found to be responsible for the observed magnetocaloric properties. The magnetic entropy change, refrigerant capacity, and adiabatic temperature change are evaluated. Through the analysis of the data, we find that for the B2 phase, changing from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic configurations results in a pronounced elastic hardening despite the volume expansion. The decrease in lattice entropy is significant and contributes negatively to the magnetic and electronic entropy changes. Our work emphasizes the critical role of the lattice sector in the magnetocaloric effect, and provides an in-depth understanding of the individual entropy terms in magnetic solid solutions.
The Fock-space landscape of many-body localisation
Authors: Roy Sthitadhi , Logan David E
Published: November 2024

This article reviews recent progress in understanding the physics of many-body localisation (MBL) in disordered and interacting quantum many-body systems, from the perspective of ergodicity breaking on the associated Fock space. This approach to MBL is underpinned by mapping the dynamics of the many-body system onto that of a fictitious single particle on the high-dimensional, correlated and disordered Fock-space graph; yet, as we elaborate, the problem is fundamentally different from that of conventional Anderson localisation on high-dimensional or hierarchical graphs. We discuss in detail the nature of eigenstate correlations on the Fock space, both static and dynamic, and in the ergodic and many-body localised phases as well as in the vicinity of the MBL transition. The latter in turn sheds light on the nature of the transition, and motivates a scaling theory for it in terms of Fock-space based quantities. We also illustrate how these quantities can be concretely connected to real-space observables. An overview is given of several analytical and numerical techniques which have proven important in developing a comprehensive picture. Finally, we comment on some open questions in the field of MBL where the Fock-space approach is likely to prove insightful.
Distinct spectral line shifts in the Raman lines’ Stokes and anti-Stokes components with temperature in the liquid crystalline system 4DBA
Authors: Thomas Anoop , Bhai Patel Chandan , K Singh Ranjan , Vikram Kunwar
Published: November 2024

An anomalous Raman phenomenon (ARP) refers to a scenario in which the Stokes and anti-Stokes frequencies of a Raman mode are different. Here we report that ARP introduces different line shifts in Stokes and anti-Stokes frequencies in 4-Decyloxy Benzoic acid with temperature across two thermally driven structural transitions: the smectic (S) to nematic (N) phase transition at 375 K and the nematic (N) to isotropic (I) transition at 390 K. Four Raman modes near 663, 773, 1128, and 1168 cm−1 shift towards higher frequencies (blueshift) in the Stokes frequency and towards lower frequencies (redshift) in the anti-Stokes frequency with rise in temperature near S to N phase transitions. However, in the isotropic liquid phase, both the Stokes and anti-Stokes components exhibit a redshift as temperature increases, without any noticeable distinct spectral lineshifts. Our studies bring out the importance of phonon band structure in ARP.
A dual-weight mechanism-based neural network for partial domain adaptation fault diagnosis of bearings under different working conditions
Authors: An Zenghui , Yan Yinglong , Jia Shi , Wang Houliang , Zheng Yihu , Yang Rui
Published: November 2024

The intelligent fault diagnosis of bearings often entails a distribution discrepancy between training data and real data, which significantly limits the generalization ability of fault diagnosis models. Traditional domain adaptation methods aim to achieve knowledge transfer from the source domain to the target domain. However, in reality, the incompleteness of the target domain dataset leads to the issue of missing classes in the target domain, rendering the assumption of identical label categories in traditional partial domain adaptation (PDA) methods difficult to implement. This study proposes a dual-weighted mechanism for fault diagnosis models in the context of PDA (PDA method-based dual-weight mechanism) to address the issue of weight bias in target domain labels due to category absence. This approach employs a sample-based weighting mechanism and a similarity-based weighting mechanism to assign weights to different label categories, referred to as the dual-weight mechanism based on similarity and sample number (WSS). This method can promote positive transfer while suppressing negative transfer, thereby resolving the issue of weight bias in the target domain label space. Experiments that use the WSS for fault transfer tasks under identical conditions, with multiple categories and multiple conditions employed for the same category, demonstrate the superior performance of the WSS.
Characteristics of road freezing-thawing environments in China oriented towards construction and maintenance
Authors: Li Shiyuan , Hu Xinyue , Cheng Mingqi , Wang Jianxing , Ni Peng , Ye Xuze
Published: November 2024

Road infrastructure suffers irreversible damage during service due to periodic or seasonal freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles, resulting in significant economic losses to the nation. However, systematic evaluation parameters for the entire road F-T environment are lacking, and there is insufficient understanding and short-term prediction of the underlying F-T environment changes and distribution. In this study, 13 F-T environmental parameters in three categories were summarized by combining meteorological parameters and multi-field evaluation parameters. Taking Shiquan River Town as an example, the statistical probability of road F-T environmental parameters was clarified by using the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. The study also clarified the spatiotemporal characteristics of road F-T environment across regions based on key F-T environmental parameters. The frequency of F-T events in China increases from south to north and from east to west, and F-T processes are influenced by regional altitude and latitude. Meanwhile, the temporal variation of the F-T environment in China shows significant seasonality. The F-T environment transitions from short-duration, high-frequency F-T cycles to longer-duration, low-frequency F-T cycles. The initial moisture condition of the road F-T environment in the northeastern regions increases, but the additional moisture during the F-T process decreases. This study provides critical insights into understanding the underlying mechanisms and short-term prediction of the road F-T environment changes, which can be used as a basis for the planning, construction, and maintenance of road infrastructure in China.
Impact analysis of fiber optic rings on partial discharge parameters
Authors: Sun Yuwei , Lv Anqiang , Xie Zhiyuan , Yinpeng Li , Kong Yan
Published: November 2024

Fiber optic ultrasonic sensors, which are highly resistant to electromagnetic interference, are expected to be implanted inside electrical equipment to achieve high-sensitivity partial discharge (PD) detection. However, the influence of the fiber optic rings on PD parameters remains unclear. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model of the needle plate discharge is established. The effect of the fiber ring on the ultrasonic characteristics of PD is systematically investigated. A parametric analysis is used to investigate the effect of the fiber ring’s diameter and height on the ultrasonic characteristics. The effect of fiber optic rings on PD characteristics is investigated through PD tests. The results indicate a time delay in the propagation of acoustic signals compared to electrical signals, typically at the microsecond level. As the diameter of the fiber ring increases, the maximum vibration velocity at the P-point initially increases and then tends to stabilize, but it always remains lower than the value observed without the fiber ring. Additionally, increasing the height of the fiber ring results in a decrease in the maximum vibration velocity at the P-point. The presence of the fiber ring does not affect the PD inception voltage, but it does influence the apparent discharge-phase spectra. This paper provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the application of fiber optic sensing technology in PD monitoring.
Correction of non-linearities in quadrature phase differential interferometry
Authors: Velasco Dandara , Cramail Caroline , Giraud Jérôme , Cross Benjamin , Lhermerout Romain
Published: November 2024

Quadrature phase differential interferometry is a technique of choice for measuring arbitrary large displacements with record resolution. The so-called Heydemann corrections are generally employed to take account of the unavoidable imperfections due to the optics or the electronics, and a linearisation of the signals is usually performed when the displacement to be determined is the superposition of a quasi-static component and a small harmonic component. Here we show that this standard analysis can lead to non-linearities of two types. The first type of non-linearities is due to optical and electronic imperfections that were not reported in the past and not included in the Heydemann corrections. These imperfections appear as amplitude difference and phase shift between each pair of intensity signals, and produce periodic non-linearities of nanometer amplitude when the intensity signals are combined to obtain contrats, i.e. quantities that are insensitive to intensity fluctuations of the light source. The second type of non-linearities is due to large amplitudes of harmonic oscillation, which become significant when the oscillations are typically larger than

20

nm

for a red-emitting laser source, and can lead to an underestimation of the measured amplitude of

∼

20
%

. In order to correct these non-linearities, new procedures of calibration and analysis are presented, implemented and successfully tested over a wide range of quasi-static velocities, frequencies and amplitudes of harmonic oscillation. The proposed corrections reduce non-linearities below the noise level, making them smaller than

100

pm

and

10

pm

for the quasi-static and harmonic displacement, respectively.
CLFNet: a multi-modal data fusion network for traffic sign extraction
Authors: Liu Rufei , Su Zhanwen , Zhang Yi , Li Ming
Published: November 2024

When using image data for signage extraction, poor visibility conditions such as insufficient light, rainy days, and low light intensity are encountered, leading to low accuracy and poor boundary segmentation in vision-based detection methods. To address this problem, we propose a cross-modal latent feature fusion network for signage detection, which obtains rich boundary information by combining images with light detection and ranging depth images, thus compensating for the pseudo-boundary phenomenon that may occur when using a single RGB image segmentation. First, HRNet is utilized as the backbone network to extract the boundary information of the point cloud depth map and RGB image by introducing the boundary extraction module; Second, the sensitivity to the boundary is enhanced by applying the feature aggregation module to deeply fuse the extracted boundary information with the image features; Finally, boundary Intersection over Union (IOU) is introduced as an evaluation index. The results show that the method performs more superiorly compared to the mainstream RGBD network, with an improvement of 5.5% and 6.1% in IOU and boundary IOU, and an accuracy of 98.3% and 96.2%, respectively, relative to the baseline network.
Shallow defects and optical properties of CsPbBr3 thin films through noble gas ion beam defect engineering
Authors: Fiedler Holger , Hardy Jake , Halpert Jonathan E , Davis Nathaniel J L K , Kennedy John
Published: November 2024

Ion implantation is widely utilised for the modification of inorganic semiconductors; however, the technique has not been extensively applied to lead halide perovskites. In this report, we demonstrate the modification of the optical properties of caesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) thin films via noble gas ion implantation. We observed that the photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes of CsPbBr3 thin films can be doubled by low fluences (<1 × 1014 at·cm−2) of ion implantation with an acceleration voltage of 20 keV. We attribute this phenomenon to ion beam induced shallow minority charge carrier trapping induced by nuclear stopping, dominant by heavy noble gases (Ar, Xe). Simultaneously, the PL quantum yield (PLQY) is altered during noble gas ion implantation inversely correlates with the electronic stopping power of the implanted element, hence Ar implantation reduces the PLQY, while Ne even causes a PLQY enhancement. These results thus provide a guide to separate the effect of nuclear and electronic damage during ion implantation into halide perovskites.
Carbyne as a promising material for E-nose applications with machine learning
Authors: Kucherik Alexey , Kumar Ashok , Andrey Abramov , Vlad Samyshkin , Anton Osipov , Ilya Bordanov , Shchanikov Sergey , Kumar Mahesh
Published: November 2024

There has been a lot of study and advancement in the area of carbon allotropes in the last several decades, driven by the exceptional and diverse physical and chemical characteristics of carbon nanomaterials. For example, nanostructured forms such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon quantum dots have the potential to revolutionize various industries (Roston 2010 The Carbon Age: How Life’s Core Element Has Become Civilization’s Greatest Threat; In and Noy 2014 Nanotechnology’s Wonder Material: Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes; Peng et al 2014 Nanotechnol. Sci. Appl. 7 1–29). The global scientific community continues to research in the field of creating new materials, particularly low-dimensional carbon allotropes such as CNTs and carbyne. Carbyne is a one-dimensional carbon allotrope with a large surface area, chemical reactivity, and gas molecule adsorption potential that makes it extremely sensitive to gases and electronic nose (E-nose) applications due to its linear sp-hybridized atomic chain structure. The primary objective of this work is to increase the sensitivity, selectivity, and overall efficiency of E-nose systems using a synergistic combination of carbyne-based sensing components with cutting-edge machine learning (ML) techniques. The exceptional electronic properties of carbyne, such as its high electron mobility and adjustable bandgap, enable rapid and specific adsorption of various gas molecules. Additionally, its significant surface area-to-volume ratio enhances the detection of trace concentrations. Our suggested advanced hybrid system utilises support vector machines and convolutional neural networks as sophisticated ML approaches to analyse data provided by carbyne sensors. These algorithms enhance the precision and durability of gas detection by effectively recognising intricate patterns and correlations in the sensor data. Empirical evidence suggests that E-nose systems based on carbyne have superior performance in terms of reaction time, sensitivity, and specificity compared to conventional materials. This research emphasises the revolutionary potential of carbyne in the advancement of next-generation gas sensing systems, which has significant implications for applications in environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and industrial process control.
Comparative performance analysis of mixed metal oxide sensors for dual-sensing leveraging machine learning
Authors: Binowesley R , Savarimuthu Kirubaveni , Emimal M
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the synthesis of mixed metal oxide (BaTiO3: ZnO) (B: Z) sensors with various molar ratios using a low-temperature hydrothermal method for dual sensing applications (gas and acceleration). The sensor developed with an equal molar ratio of 1B:1Z, showcases superior performance compared to unmixed and alternative mixed metal oxide sensors. This equilibrium in ratios optimally enhances synergistic effects between elements B and Z, resulting in improved sensing properties. Furthermore, it contributes to structural stability, enhancing performance in gas and acceleration sensing. A decreased band gap of 2.82 eV and a rapid turn-on voltage of 0.18 V were achieved. The acceleration performance of 1B:1Z sensor exhibits a maximum voltage of 2.62 V at a 10 Hz resonant frequency and an output voltage of 2.52 V at 1 g acceleration, achieving an improved sensitivity of 3.889 V g−1. In addition, the proposed gas shows a notable sensor response of ∼63.45% (CO) and 58.29% (CH4) at 10 ppm with a quick response time of 1.19 s (CO) and 8.69 s (CH4) and recovery time of 2.09 s (CO) and 8.69 s (CH4). Challenges in selectivity are addressed using machine learning, employing various classification algorithms. Linear discriminant analysis achieves superior accuracy in differentiating between CO and CH4, reaching 96.6% for CO and 74.6% for CH4 at 10 ppm. Understanding these concentration-dependent trends can guide the optimal use of the sensors in different current applications.
Synthesis and magnetic properties of NiCo2O4 urchin-like nanofibers
Authors: Nashaat Ahmed M , Abu El-Fadl Abdulaziz , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Kassem Mohamed A
Published: November 2024

Single-phase NiCo2O4 (NCO) nanoparticles (NPs) with an average particle size of 12 (±3.5) nm were successfully synthesized as aggregates in urchin-like nanofibers via a hydrothermal route. Magnetization data measured as functions of temperature and magnetic field suggest a superparamagnetic-like behavior at room temperature, a ferrimagnetic transition around a Curie temperature T
C ∼ 200 K, and a spin blocking transition at a blocking temperature T
B ∼ 90 K, as observed at a field of 100 Oe. The spin blocking nature has been investigated by analyses of the field-dependence of T
B in the static magnetization and its frequency-dependence in the ac susceptibility data measured in zero-field cooling regime, both indicate a low-temperature spin glass-like state. Below T
B, the coercivity increases monotonically up to 1.7 kOe with decreasing temperature down to 5 K. Our results indicate that the magnetic behavior of NCO NPs, which is mainly determined by the cations’ ratio, oxidation states, and site-occupancy, can be controlled by a synthesis in appropriate particle size and morphology.
Optimal use of limited proton resources for liver cancer patients in combined proton–photon treatments
Authors: Marc Louise , Unkelbach Jan
Published: November 2024

Objective. Liver cancer patients may benefit from proton therapy through increase of the tumor control probability (TCP). However, proton therapy is a limited resource and may not be available for all patients. We consider combined proton–photon liver SBRT treatments (CPPT) where only some fractions are delivered with protons. It is investigated how limited proton fractions can be used best for individual patients and optimally allocated within a patient group. Approach. Photon and proton treatment plans were created for five liver cancer patients. In CPPT, limited proton fractions may be optimally exploited by increasing the fraction dose compared to the photon fraction dose. To determine a patient’s optimal proton and photon fraction doses, we maximize the target biologically effective dose (BED) while constraining the mean normal liver BED, which leads to an up- or downscaling of the proton and photon plan, respectively. The resulting CPPT balances the benefits of fractionation in the normal liver versus exploiting the superior proton dose distributions. After converting the target BED to TCP, the optimal number of proton fractions per patient is determined by maximizing the overall TCP of the patient group. Main results. For the individual patient, a CPPT treatment that delivers a higher fraction dose with protons than photons allows for dose escalation in the target compared to delivering the same proton and photon fraction dose. On the level of a patient group, CPPT may allow to distribute limited proton slots over several patients. Through an optimal use and allocation of proton fractions, CPPT may increase the average patient group TCP compared to a proton patient selection strategy where patients receive single-modality proton or photon treatments. Significance. Limited proton resources can be optimally exploited via CPPT by increasing the target dose in proton fractions and allocating available proton slots to patients with the highest TCP increase.
Impact of Bt direction on the detachment threshold during H-mode discharge on EAST with SOLPS-ITER modeling
Authors: Liu Daoyuan , Zhang Chen , Liu Jianbin , Sang Chaofeng , Wang Yilin , Zhang Yanjie , Zhao Xuele , Wang Liang , Wang Dezhen
Published: November 2024

Upper single-null H-mode detachment experiments on EAST were carried out with an ITER-like tungsten divertor, and it was found that the detachment threshold of the upper outer divertor was significantly lower under an unfavorable toroidal magnetic field (B
t) than a favorable B
t. In this work, SOLPS-ITER simulations are carried out to study the effects of B
t direction on the detachment threshold to explain the experimental observations. The simulation results are compared with the experiments, showing reasonable agreement with the diagnostics, and the simulation setups and parameters are thus determined. Based on the simulation data, two-point model formatting is applied to the flux tube where detachment occurs. A quantitative comparison highlights the critical roles of the upstream parallel heat flux and the downstream momentum and energy loss factors on the ion saturation current density at the target ( j
sat,t). Further analysis of the simulation results indicates that due to the influence of E×B drift on the convective heat flux, combined with the presence of heat transport associated with parallel current, the upstream heat flux is reduced under unfavorable B
t, while in the downstream region the divergence of the E×B drift flux acts as a particle source under unfavorable B
t and as a sink under favorable B
t, leading to increased momentum and energy losses under unfavorable B
t. These factors collectively cause a lower detachment threshold under unfavorable B
t.
Oscillations of subcritical fast magnetosonic shock boundaries caused by shock reformation
Authors: Dieckmann M E , Bret A , Folini D , Walder R
Published: November 2024

The evolution of a deformed subcritical fast magnetosonic shock front is compared between two two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations with different orientations of the magnetic field relative to the simulation box. All other initial and simulation conditions are kept identical. Shock boundary oscillations are observed in the simulation where the magnetic field direction is resolved. This oscillation is caused by the reformation of the shock front. One part of the front acts as a shock, while the other functions as a magnetic piston, with both halves changing their states in antiphase. The oscillation period corresponds to the time required for one shock wave to grow as the other collapses. In contrast, the corrugated fast magnetosonic shock does not oscillate in the second simulation, where the magnetic field is oriented out of the simulation plane. This dependence on magnetic field orientation suggests that the shock oscillation is induced by magnetic tension, which is only effective in the first simulation. In both simulations, the shock perturbation does not grow over time, indicating that the shocks are stable. The potential relevance of these findings for the Alfvénic oscillations of the supercritical Earth’s bow shock, detected by the MMS multi-spacecraft mission, is also discussed.
Equilibrium reconstruction of axisymmetric plasmas by combining Gaussian process regression and Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling
Authors: Nishizawa T , Tokuda S , Sanpei A , Hasegawa M , Yamasaki K , Fujisawa A
Published: November 2024

Reliable equilibrium reconstruction is indispensable for understanding and controlling hot magnetized plasmas to achieve fusion reactors. In axisymmetric systems, current and pressure profiles that satisfy the force balance conditions are given by the Grad–Shafranov (GS) equation. While many novel approaches have been developed to swiftly and robustly find an optimum solution of the GS equation, approaches based on a single solution search may not be adaptable if diagnostics fail to provide sufficient constraints. Here, we investigate the solution space of the GS equation when only basic edge magnetic measurements are available. By combining Gaussian process regression and Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling within the Bayesian framework, we treat each current element as an independent variable and evaluate the probability distribution that describes all possible solutions. We have applied this inference frame to the geometry of the PLATO tokamak and shown that the flux surface locations can be determined relatively well only from 16 pick-up coils, 4 flux loops and a diamagnetic loop. On the other hand, the toroidal current density is inferred with limited success, and the inferences of the safety factor and pressure profiles are difficult. The characterization of possible choices of equilibria realized by this inference framework will help optimize diagnostic setups for equilibrium reconstruction.
Suppression of core temperature fluctuations by edge cooling in the J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: Xie Y Y , Zhao K J , Yang Z J , Chen Z P , Dong J Q , Chen Z Y , Shi Yuejiang , Tan M Z , Gao L , Ding Y H , Chen Y Q , Zhang H Q , Li R , Cao X G , Du J J , Jiang J M , Zhang G S , Cheng J , Xu J Q , Zhang J Y , Xiang L , Wang N C , Wang L , Liang Y F
Published: November 2024

The suppression of core temperature fluctuations due to edge cooling in the J-TEXT tokamak is presented. The supersonic molecular beam is injected into the low density plasmas and the core temperature rise appears. The staggered time correlation technique is utilized to infer the temperature fluctuations from an electron cyclotron emission radiometer (ECE). The existing correlation ECE (CECE) also enables the observation of the temperature fluctuations simultaneously. A significant flattening of the density gradients appears almost in the whole plasmas after the cold pulse injection. The behaviors of the temperature fluctuations from both ECE and CECE show a good agreement, except for the fluctuation level, which exhibits a relative variation of approximately 10%

−

50%. The relative intensity of temperature fluctuations decreases within the surface of

r

/

a
∼

0.8 due to the edge cooling. The cross-power analysis and the agreement in measurements suggest that temperature fluctuations from turbulence inferred from a single ECE channel may be possible. Linear simulations suggest the drop in temperature fluctuation intensity may relate to the trapped electron mode turbulence stabilization. This paper also demonstrates the evolution of both gradients and fluctuations before and after supersonic molecular beam injection with density scans.
Development of magnetically driven contactless piezoelectric nanogenerators utilizing ZnO nanowires with different shaped top electrodes
Authors: Ucar E F , Ilbay A , Simsek T , Kaynar M B , Ozbay E , Ozcan S
Published: November 2024

In this research, ZnO nanorod (NR)-based contactless piezoelectric nanogenerators (C-PENGs) with pyramidal and zigzag-shaped top electrodes were fabricated. ZnO NRs with different aspect ratios were grown on a Si (100) wafer, which acts as the bottom electrode. Two different top electrode architectures, zigzag-trenched and pyramidal cavity, were used. Additionally, different work function metallic coatings, platinum and nickel (as a cheaper alternative to noble metals) were applied to the architecturally shaped surfaces to achieve a Schottky contact between the top and bottom electrodes. A magnetic field ranging from 3.5 Oe to 55 Oe with a frequency range between 0.5 and 2 Hz was applied to drive the nanogenerator. The results showed that a maximum output voltage of 75 mV and a maximum power density of 20.7 pW cm−2 were successfully generated. The measurement of output power densities revealed that C-PENGs are a promising candidate for future nanorobotics applications.
Wearable chairless exoskeleton capable of flexible support to relieve muscle fatigue for industrial workers
Authors: Wang Wenpan , Liang Xianhao , Li Lei , Gong Liping , Deng Lei , Hu Xuanrui , Zhang Shiwu , Sun Shuaishuai
Published: November 2024

Currently, workers who need to maintain specific postures for prolonged periods, such as assemblers, builders, and operators, often suffer from work-related musculoskeletal disorders, resulting in muscle fatigue and joint injuries. Although exoskeleton-assisted technologies have been widely explored to assist workers with posture support, existing chairless exoskeletons cannot reinforce all the joints of the lower extremities at multiple angles or involve bulky additional legs, incapable of agile and flexible support. Here, we develop a wearable chairless exoskeleton that can strengthen the hip, knee, and ankle joints by integrating six magnetorheological (MR) actuators. It is flexible with 5 degrees of freedom (DOFs) on each leg, avoiding unfavorable effects on leg movements and allowing various large-scale, multi-DOF maneuvers. The MR actuators are compact with a high torque density of 126.32 Nm kg−1. The actuator, with a power consumption of 7.0 W, can provide a damping resistance torque of 120 Nm to lock the joint at any angle. Therefore, the chairless exoskeleton can provide stable support for the wearer in a wide range of postures. We modeled the human–exoskeleton system and theoretically analyzed the support force required for posture maintenance. Moreover, the safety margins for the hip, knee, and ankle joints in our configuration are 41.54%, 42.89%, and 39.51%, respectively, enhancing both safety and reliability for the user by protecting against potential overloading or instability. The individual-wearing experiments and demonstrations exhibited the exoskeleton’s capabilities, including an average reduction of 74.24% in muscle electromyographic and enhanced endurance during posture sustain tasks.
Energy harvesting of a metamaterial beam with acoustic black holes
Authors: Jia Yuhang , Wang Chuankui , Tong Weihao , Moshrefi-Torbati Mohamed , Yurchenko Daniil , Yang Kai
Published: November 2024

This paper proposed an improved metamaterial piezoelectric beam with the acoustic black holes (ABHs) for low-frequency energy harvesting. The ABHs are embedded in the local resonant beams distributed on both sides of the primary beam. Piezoelectric plates are attached to the ABHs, leveraging the energy-focusing effect to enhance the energy harvesting performance. Finite element simulation results indicate that the energy harvesting electrical energy has improved by 6.92 times compared to the traditional metamaterial resonant beam without ABHs. Parameter analysis indicates that increasing the number of local resonators and extending the length of the piezoelectric patches can further enhance energy harvesting performance. However, reducing the truncation thickness of the ABH boosts energy harvesting but compromises structural strength. Extending the ABH length and increasing load resistance within the appropriate range are conducive to energy harvesting. Besides, the optimal load resistance varies with frequency. These findings provide useful guidance for future applications of improved metamaterial beam.
Three degrees of freedom rigid-soft coupling biomimetic hip joint driven by dielectric elastomer
Authors: Jinzhu Zhang , Yang Liu , Xiaoyan Xiong , Qi Shen , Chenguang Niu
Published: November 2024

Dielectric elastomer (DE) has an attractive combination of high energy density, large strain, and fast response. A growing number of DE actuators are being used as driving materials in rigid-soft coupling joints. For better structural design, the mapping relations from the musculoskeletal system of the human hip joint to the biomimetic hip joint mechanism have been established. Inspired by the human musculoskeletal system, the configuration of the three-degree-of-freedom rigid-soft coupling hip joint based on DE is proposed. The configuration includes six soft-driving limbs and one passive rigid limb. The soft-driving limb driven by the fiber-constrained dielectric elastomer actuator (FCDEA) does not contain passive rigid joints. Based on the Gent material model, the electromechanical coupling model of FCDEA is established. A mapping model is established between the voltage applied to the soft-driving limb of the biomimetic hip joint and the posture of the moving platform in the case of deflection and torsion. A single FCDEA is prepared and its electro-responsive deformation performance is tested through experiments. As a demonstration, a prototype of the biomimetic hip joint is developed. After applying voltage, the deflection angle and the torsion angle of the biomimetic hip joint are tested and the curve of voltage and rotation angle is drawn. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical predictions. This article can provide theoretical references for improving the performance of rigid-soft coupling hip joints.
Full-field dynamic strain reconstruction of rotating compressor blades based on FBG sensors
Authors: Huang Meiao , Liu Hailong , Zhang Qingchen , Wen Jinshan , Liu Qijian , Qing Xinlin
Published: November 2024

Rotating compressor blades experience complex alternating loads during service, altering their stress–strain distributions and peak stress positions over time. Accurate measurement of these strains is crucial for identifying the areas of stress concentration. This paper presents a structural health monitoring system using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to record dynamic strains on laboratory-scale rotating blades, and a tailored full-field strain reconstruction methodology, which successfully identifies the magnitude of the strains and the areas of stress concentration of the blades at different rotational speeds. First, dynamic strain at selected blade points was monitored using FBG sensors, with raw signal data enhanced by the empirical wavelet transform method to reduce noise and clarify signals. An analytical framework was developed to relate blade rotational velocity to signal period, enabling precise speed calculation and accurate strain analysis. The improved-Kriging interpolation technique was then used to reconstruct comprehensive strain profiles. A comparative analysis showed an average strain relative error of 7.4% between predicted and actual values, demonstrating the methodology’s robustness and precision.
Constraints on Testing Post-Newtonian Gravity with Scanning Space Astrometry
Authors: Butkevich Alexey G. , Vecchiato Alberto , Bucciarelli Beatrice , Gai Mario , Crosta Mariateresa , Lattanzi Mario G. , Riva Alberto
Published: November 2024

High-precision astrometry has the capability of testing General Relativity in the framework of the parametrized post-Newtonian formalism (PPN). Accurate measurements of gravitational light deflection over the entire celestial sphere open up a potential opportunity for determining the post-Newtonian parameter γ, which governs the deflection strength. We examine both analytically and numerically the coupling between a global parallax shift and the PPN parameter γ in Gaia-like astrometry. We also study effect of a parallax zero point on PPN γ estimation is scanning space astrometry. Least squares technique is applied to a direct astrometric solution including PPN γ and astrometric parameters (positions, parallax and proper motions). Analytical solution of the normal equations provides covariance information for the parameter γ and parallaxes. We present a new treatment of the correlation between parallax zero point and PPN γ, based on a statistical approach. We also derive a formula describing the bias in PPN γ estimation resulting from a global parallax offset. These theoretical results are verified by Monte Carlo experiments using astrometric solutions with simulated Gaia observations. Parallax zero point at a sub-μas level is needed to obtain a PPN γ estimate comparable with today’s best determination. We generalize the problem to two-dimensional observations and derive formula for the correlation between parallax zero point and PPN γ in the case when both along- and across-scan measurements are used for PPN γ determination.
Stokes–Einstein–Debye relation in TIP5P water
Authors: Ren 任 Gan 淦
Published: November 2024

The Stokes–Einstein–Debye (SED) relation in TIP5P water is tested with the original formula and its variants within the temperature range 240–390 K. The results indicate that although the variants explicitly break down, the original SED relation is almost valid. Compared with the Stokes–Einstein relation, no explicit decoupling is observed in translational and rotational motion. Variation of the effective hydrodynamic radius is critical to testing the validity of the SED relation.
One-step synthesis of cubic gauche polymeric nitrogen with high yield just by heating
Authors: Wu 吴 Liangfei 良飞 , Xu 徐 Yuxuan 宇轩 , Chen 陈 Guo 果 , Ding 丁 Junfeng 俊峰 , Li 李 Ming 明 , Zeng 曾 Zhi 雉 , Wang 王 Xianlong 贤龙
Published: November 2024

A high-efficient one-step synthesis of cubic gauche polymeric nitrogen was developed just by thermal treatment of KN3 powders. Raman and infrared spectra confirm the formation of cubic gauche polymeric nitrogen. Further thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimeter measurements show that the content of cubic gauche polymeric nitrogen is as high as 1.5 wt% with high thermal stability, which is the highest content value reported so far.