bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversible Dihydrogen Activation and Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation with Iminophosphinoyl‐Tethered Ruthenium Carbene Complexes
Authors: Hensle Lennart , Feichtner Kai‐Stephan , Kleinhaus Michelle , Heinen Tobias , Boysen Nils , Papp Florian , Gessner Viktoria H.
Published: February 2024

In the last decades, metal ligand cooperativity has intensively been used as tool in homogeneous catalysis for the development of potent catalysts for a variety of applications, above all hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation reactions. Herein, we report on the synthesis of iminophosphinoyl‐tethered ruthenium carbene complexes and their use in the activation of dihydrogen and the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of p‐fluoroacetophenone. Variation of the N‐substituent to an electron‐withdrawing p‐nitrophenyl group enabled the reversible activation of elemental hydrogen via a 1,2‐addition across the metal carbon double bond both in solution and in solid state. In comparison to the thiophosphinoyl‐tethered carbene complex the presented iminophosphinoyl systems showed a considerably increased catalytic activity in transfer hydrogenation reactions, thus highlighting the tunability of the cooperative behavior of nucleophilic carbene complexes.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation across Carbon‐Carbon, Carbon‐Oxygen, and Carbon‐Nitrogen Multiple Bonds – A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Jose Jisna , Mathew Thomas V.
Published: February 2024

The selective conversion of unsaturated compounds has emerged as a crucial method in chemical synthesis, enabling the synthesis of functional organic molecules. In recent decades, transition metal‐catalyzed hydrosilylation has emerged as a highly successful exemplar of industrialization within the realm of organic chemistry for the production of organosilanes, which have a pivotal role in organic chemistry and materials science. Precious metal complexes are typically employed as catalysts in most industrial hydrosilylation processes. The exploration of Earth‐abundant alternatives has emerged as a focal point of considerable research attention due to the high cost, poor selectivity, and many side reactions reported for precious metal catalysts. Ligand skeleton construction, selectivity, and mechanism research are areas where cobalt catalysts have more potential than iron and nickel. This review discusses the recent advances in cobalt‐catalyzed hydrosilylation across carbon‐carbon, carbon‐oxygen, and carbon‐nitrogen multiple bonds from 2019 to 2023.
Enzymatic and Chemo–catalytic Redox Deracemization: Recent Progress
Authors: Wan Qian , Wang Zehua , Sun Huairi , Song Di , Wang Xiaojing , Liu Lei
Published: February 2024

The precise synthesis of chiral small molecules is a core research area in chemical science. Deracemization, an appealing technology that converts racemate to its single enantiomer with the same constitution in theoretical 100 % yield, appears as a straightforward and efficient strategy in asymmetric synthesis. A cascading redox sequence was the most employed approach to drive deracemization through destroy and recreate the stereocenter in a given molecule. This review mainly focuses on the progress of redox deracemization driven by respective biocatalysis and chemo–catalysis. In particular, each section will be subdivided according to the action modes, the respective substrate classes and perspectives on future development.
Quality of randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews in pediatric surgery: A cross‐sectional meta‐research study
Authors: Jiang Wilson , Wang Bill , Sperandei Sandro , Tan Aidan Christopher
Published: February 2024

Background

There are few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in pediatric surgery, and their risk of bias is unknown. There is also little known about the methodological or reporting quality of systematic reviews (with or without meta‐analyses) in pediatric surgery. Therefore, we conducted a cross‐sectional meta‐research study to determine the risk of bias and reporting quality of RCTs and systematic reviews and meta‐analyses in pediatric surgery, and the associations between these outcomes and study characteristics.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, JBI EBP Database, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and Web of Science for all RCTs and systematic reviews in pediatric surgery published in 2021. We also searched the 2021 indexes of high‐impact pediatric surgery journals. We assessed the risk of bias and reporting quality of RCTs using the RoB 2 and CONSORT tools respectively. We assessed the same parameters for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses using the ROBIS and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses tools.

Findings

We found 82 RCTs and 289 systematic reviews/meta‐analyses published in 2021. More than half (n = 46, 56%) of RCTs and almost all (n = 278, 96%) systematic reviews and meta‐analyses were at high risk of bias. Only one (1%) RCT and four (1%) systematic reviews and meta‐analyses were adequately reported. Less than half (n = 40, 49%) of RCTs and just over a quarter (n = 77, 27%) of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses had a registered protocol. Surprisingly, we found that more than half of systematic reviews and meta‐analyse (n = 162, 56.1%), had no risk of bias assessment.

Conclusions

Recently published RCTs and systematic reviews in pediatric surgery are at high risk of bias and have poor reporting quality. Journals, universities, and research institutions should train authors to conduct and report higher quality studies and develop strategies to reduce risk of bias. However, research with high bias and low reporting does not necessarily lack value.
Molecular Dynamics of Steroidal Rotors Probed by Theoretical, Spectroscopic and Dielectric Methods
Authors: Olszewska Karolina , Mizera Adam , Ławniczak Paweł , Kamińska Anna , Santillan Rosa , Morales‐Chamorro Maricela , Ochoa Ma. Eugenia , Farfán Norberto , Łapiński Andrzej , Górecki Marcin , Jastrzebska Izabella , Runka Tomasz
Published: February 2024

Our study focuses on molecular rotors with fast‐moving rotators and their potential applications in the development of new amphidynamic crystals. Steroidal molecular rotors with a dipolar fluorine‐substituted phenyl group as the rotator were synthesized and characterized. Three different rotors were investigated with varying numbers of fluorine atoms. A comprehensive analysis was performed using vibrational spectroscopy (Raman, FT‐IR), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and dielectric response to understand the behavior of the investigated model rotors. The results were supported by theoretical calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods. The angle‐dependent polarized Raman spectra confirmed the crystallinity of the samples. Nearly frequency and temperature‐independent permittivity suggest low‐frequency librational motion of stators. An in‐depth analysis of ECD spectra revealed high conformational flexibility in solution, resulting in low ECD effects, while in the solid‐state with restricted rotation, significant ECD effects were observed. These findings shed light on the conformational behavior and potential applications of the studied steroidal molecular rotors.
Dansylated Nitrile N‐Oxide as the Fluorescent Dye Clickable to Unsaturated Bonds without Catalyst
Authors: Oku Yuki , Nakajima Noriyuki , Hamada Masahiro , Koyama Yasuhito
Published: February 2024

Fluorescent polymeric materials have been exploited in the fields of aesthetical purposes, biomedical engineering, and three‐dimensional printing applications. While the fluorescent materials are prepared by the polymerization of fluorescent monomer or the blending a fluorescent dye with common polymer, the covalent immobilization of fluorescent dye onto common polymers is not the practical technique. In this paper, dansylated nitrile N‐oxide (Dansyl‐NO) has been designed and synthesized to be a stable nitrile N‐oxide as the derivative of 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde. While Dansyl‐NO shows good reactivity to an alkene and an alkyne to give fluorescent Dansyl‐Ene and Dansyl‐Yne, respectively, it hardly reacts to a nitrile. The results indicate that Dansyl‐NO serves as a fluorescent dye clickable to alkenes and alkynes. To know the effects of solvent on the fluorescent properties, the UV‐vis and fluorescence spectra of Dansyl‐Ene are measured in three solvents. Dansyl‐Ene shows fluorescent solvatochromism, which appears to be red‐shifted along with the increase in solvent polarity. Poly(styrene‐co‐butadiene) directly reacts with Dansyl‐NO to give fluorescent modified SB. The emission spectrum of modified SB is blue‐shifted compared with that of Dansyl‐Ene. The blue‐shift could be possibly attributed to the presence of less polar polymer skeleton around the dansyl moieties of modified SB.
A novel soft sensing method using intelligent modeling method for solar irradiance and temperature in distributed PV power plant
Authors: Zhu Honglu , Jiang Tingting , Zhou Hai , Sun Yahui , Ma Wenwen , Zhang Xi
Published: February 2024

Distributed photovoltaic (PV) power plants often lack solar irradiance monitoring devices, significantly hindering crucial functions such as power forecasting, fault diagnosis, and performance calculation for distributed PV. To address this issue, a real‐time method for soft sensing solar irradiance was proposed in distributed PV. First, we investigated the typical relationship between solar irradiance, ambient temperature, and the electrical characteristics of PV cells. Based on this relationship, we utilized the small sample modeling technique of the Genetic Algorithm‐Support Vector Machine to calculate the ambient temperature. Subsequently, a solar irradiance calculation model based on the backpropagation neural network was developed, taking the PV array voltage, current, calculated ambient temperature, and power as inputs. This approach enables for the estimation of solar irradiance in distributed PV power plants through a simple and efficient calculation process. To demonstrate the reliability and flexibility of the algorithm, we conducted testing with data under various input conditions, such as different power plant configurations, and seasons, coefficient of determination for the proposed model reached 0.95. Overall, the novelty of the proposed method offers a practical solution for soft sensing of solar irradiance in PV power plants, enabling accurate performance analysis and effective operation management without hardware investment.
How culture and legal environment affect classification shifting? Global evidence
Authors: Boahen Eric O. , Mamatzakis Emmanuel C.
Published: February 2024

This study examines the interplay between various cultural characteristics and the legal environment on classification shifting using a global sample that enables variability in underlying cultural characteristics across countries while controlling for heterogeneity. Given that both culture and the legal environment tend to exhibit low variability over time, our international cross‐country analysis with diverse cultural dimensions and legal frameworks enhances the robustness of our empirical findings. Our identification strategy employs several models and shows the significant impact of culture on classification shifting and the interactions between national culture and the legal environment on classification shifting behaviour, though there is variability across countries. We also find that certain traits of culture induce classification shifting. We highlight that strengthening the legal environment becomes crucial in creating an institutional framework that effectively curbs unethical practices induced by certain national culture traits and enhances transparency and accountability in financial reporting.
Colchicine disrupts bile acid metabolic homeostasis by affecting the enterohepatic circulation in mice
Authors: Shi Yongpeng , Wei Li , Jin Fang , Wang Ji , Cao Hanwen , Yang Ying , Gao Lan
Published: February 2024

Although the medicinal properties of colchicine (COL) have been widely known for centuries, its toxicity has been the subject of controversy. The narrow therapeutic window causes COL to induce gastrointestinal adverse effects even when taken at recommended doses, mainly manifested as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. However, the mechanism of COL‐induced gastrointestinal toxic reactions remains obscure. In the present study, the mice were dosed with COL (2.5 mg/kg b.w./day) for a week to explore the effect of COL on bile acid metabolism and the mechanism of COL‐induced diarrhea. The results showed that COL treatment affected liver biochemistry in mice, resulting in a significant down‐regulation of the mRNA expression levels of bile acid biosynthesis regulators Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1, Cyp7b1, and Cyp27a1 in liver tissues. The mRNA expression levels of bile acid transporters Ntcp, Oatp1, Mrp2, Ibabp, Mrp3, Osta, and Ostb in liver and ileum tissues were also significantly down‐regulated. In addition, COL treatment significantly inhibited the mRNA expression levels of Fxr and its downstream target genes Shp, Lrh1, and Fgf15 in liver and ileum tissues, affecting the feedback regulation of bile acid biosynthesis. More importantly, the inhibition of COL on bile acid transporters in ileal and hepatic tissues affected bile acid recycling in the ileum as well as their reuptake in the liver, leading to a significantly increased accumulation of bile acids in the colon, which may be an important cause of diarrhea. In conclusion, our study revealed that COL treatment affected bile acid biosynthesis and enterohepatic circulation, thereby disrupting bile acid metabolic homeostasis in mice.
Mass spectrometric study of low energy Cs+ ion‐induced sputtered fragmentation of PADC polymer
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Sabbtain , Jehanzaib Bilal , Hussain Shahzad , Mahmood Abid , Ahmad Riaz
Published: February 2024

In this study, low‐energy cesium (Cs+) ion‐induced sputtered fragmentation of poly allyl diglycol carbonate (PADC) was investigated using mass spectrometry. The collision‐induced dissociation mechanism revealed emission of various fragments, including monoatomic (H−, C1−, O1−), diatomic (C2−), and multiatomic (C3−, CO2−, C2O2−, C3O2−) species within the Cs+ ion energy range of 1–5 keV. The anion current of these fragments exhibited a linear increase with rising incident Cs+ ion energy, indicating a corresponding rise in fragment abundance. Analysis of normalized yield indicated that at 1 keV incident energy, the dominant fragment was monoatomic hydrogen (H−), followed by diatomic carbon (C2−), monoatomic carbon (C1−), and monoatomic oxygen (O1−). Although C2− remained dominant up to 5 keV, other fragments exhibited varying normalized yields at different ion energy steps. The sputter yield estimation revealed that monoatomic hydrogen (H−) and diatomic carbon (C2−) exhibited the highest yields, increasing exponentially beyond 3 keV, while multiatomic fragments like C3−, CO2−, C2O2−, and C3O2− displayed the lowest yields. The sputter dissociation mechanism pointed to dehydrogenation, chain scission, and bond breakage as the primary processes during low‐energy Cs+ ion impact. Postsputtering Scanning Electron Mircoscope (SEM) micrographs show craters, pits, and micropores on the PADC surface, indicating significant surface degradation. X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) spectra exhibited reduced diffraction intensity, while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated the absence of molecular bands in the IR spectrum, confirming extensive surface damage due to Cs+ ion‐induced sputtering.
What a difference a chlorine makes: The remarkable unimolecular ion chemistry of phenyl formate and phenyl chloroformate
Authors: Lowe Bethany , Cardona Alejandro L. , Salas Juana , Bodi Andras , Mayer Paul M. , Burgos Paci Maxi A.
Published: February 2024

Imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (iPEPICO) spectroscopy and tandem mass spectrometry were employed to explore the ionisation and dissociative ionisation of phenyl formate (PF) and phenyl chloroformate (PCF). The threshold photoelectron spectra of both compounds are featureless and lack a definitive origin transition, owing to the internal rotation of the formate functional group relative to the benzene ring, active upon ionisation. CBS‐QB3 calculations yield ionisation energies of 8.88 and 9.03 eV for PF and PCF, respectively. Ionised PF dissociates by the loss of CO via a transition state composed of a phenoxy cation and HCO moieties. The dissociation of PCF ions involves the competing losses of CO (m/z 128/130), Cl (m/z 121) and CO2 (m/z 112/114), with Cl loss also shown to occur from the second excited state in a non‐statistical process. The primary CO‐ and Cl‐loss fragment ions undergo sequential reactions leading to fragment ions at m/z 98 and 77. The mass‐analysed ion kinetic energy (MIKE) spectrum of PCF+ showed that the loss of CO2 occurs with a large reverse energy barrier, which is consistent with the computationally derived minimum energy reaction pathway.
Linking weather conditions and winter tick abundance in moose
Authors: Pouchet Catherine , Fernandez‐Prada Christopher , Dussault Christian , Leclerc Martin , Tremblay Jean‐Pierre , Côté Steeve D.
Published: February 2024

Climate change may modify species distribution to higher latitudes, resulting in potential changes of parasite diversity and transmission dynamics in areas where animals might not be locally adapted to these new parasite species. In addition, climate change may increase the frequency and severity of infestations of parasites that are already present in a region, by promoting the development and survival of infectious stages. Over the last decades, the number of moose (Alces americanus) infested by winter ticks (Dermacentor albipictus) has increased in eastern Canada, possibly because milder climatic conditions are increasing winter tick survival. Our main objective was to determine which meteorological variables are more likely to influence winter tick load on moose. We compiled several weather variables that may limit winter tick survival and explored which weather variables, or their interactions, influenced the winter tick load of 4,100 hunted moose from 2013 to 2019 in Québec, Canada along a latitudinal gradient. Winter tick load in fall decreased with the maximum number of consecutive days in spring with average daily temperatures below −15°C and with the number of consecutive days in summer with a relative humidity <80% when snowmelt in spring was earlier. These results suggest that cold temperatures and prolonged periods of low humidity, amplified by early snowmelt, limit the survival of adult female ticks and eggs, thus limiting their subsequent load on moose during the following fall. With climate change, precipitation increases and warm temperatures occur earlier in spring and are more frequent in summer. Our results suggest that climate change may have a positive long‐term influence on winter tick abundance in the environment and thereby increase winter tick load on moose, which could lead to a significant decrease in moose body condition and survival.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: signaling pathways, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy
Authors: Luo Xiaoting , He Xin , Zhang Xingmei , Zhao Xiaohui , Zhang Yuzhe , Shi Yusheng , Hua Shengni
Published: February 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer with a high mortality rate. It is regarded as a significant public health issue because of its complicated pathophysiology, high metastasis, and recurrence rates. There are no obvious symptoms in the early stage of HCC, which often leads to delays in diagnosis. Traditional treatment methods such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and interventional therapies have limited therapeutic effects for HCC patients with recurrence or metastasis. With the development of molecular biology and immunology, molecular signaling pathways and immune checkpoint were identified as the main mechanism of HCC progression. Targeting these molecules has become a new direction for the treatment of HCC. At present, the combination of targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors is the first choice for advanced HCC patients. In this review, we mainly focus on the cutting‐edge research of signaling pathways and corresponding targeted therapy and immunotherapy in HCC. It is of great significance to comprehensively understand the pathogenesis of HCC, search for potential therapeutic targets, and optimize the treatment strategies of HCC.
Hexahedral finite elements with enhanced fixed‐pole interpolation for linear static and vibration analysis of 3D micropolar continuum
Authors: Grbac Laura , Jelenic Gordan , Ribarić Dragan , Erdelj Sara Grbčić
Published: February 2024

The spotlight of this research is on the application of the fixed‐pole interpolation, sometimes used in the analysis of three‐dimensional (3D) geometrically non‐linear beams, but for which no attempts have been made to apply it to linear analysis so far. Particular attention is given to the correlation between the linearised forms of the fixed‐pole and helicoidal interpolation with the linked interpolation. Knowledge of this interdependence is crucial for identifying paths for possible enhancement and extension from the Timoshenko beam of arbitrary order to the new hexahedral finite element of arbitrary order for linear analysis of 3D micropolar continuum. After ensuring the convergence of the newly developed micropolar element through a set of patch tests, three numerical examples of a 3D micropolar continuum in static equilibrium and free vibration of 3D micropolar plates with different geometric properties and boundary conditions have been analysed. Based on these results, the newly proposed finite elements have been critically assessed against the conventional elements.
Analysis of Carbon Dots Synthesized at Different Hydrothermal Carbonization Temperatures and Their Ferric Ion Detection Performances
Authors: Ahn Jungbin , Pealer Cecilia , Kim Soaram
Published: February 2024

In this article, carbon dots (CDs) are fabricated via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at different temperatures ranging from 120 to 210 °C. Regarding the temperature variations, they demonstrate a crucial role in specific identification in the ability to differentiate the chemical structures and optical properties of the resulting CD features. Both heteroatoms‐doped core structure, and the functionalized surface state display a changed that correlates with the temperature variations mentioned. The CDs which are synthesized at 180 °C contain the appropriate balance of doped heteroatoms and surface functional groups which further display the most promising performance of the quenching effect of up to 17% toward ferric ions. This work contributes to the growing understanding of CDs and provides valuable insights for the future development of applications that may favor certain interest in the creation or designing process in various applications.
Chronological Evolution of Stability in Hybrid Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Deendyal Parvesh K. , Dhakla Shweta , Taya Ankur , Singla Renu , Singh Harpreet , Kumar Sarvesh , Hackett Timothy A. , Kashyap Manish K. , Ali Dania , Reshak Ali H.
Published: February 2024

Hybrid halide perovskite (HHP) emerged as an excellent material for upcoming photovoltaic technologies owing to its rapid performance growth just within a decade. Extensive research worldwide is going on HHP due to their unique optical properties, flexible thin‐film nature, and simple low‐cost solution‐based fabrication processes for solar cells. Albeit HHP solar cells exhibit adequate power conversion efficiency (PCE), poor stability impedes its commercial deployment. This review summarizes the major efforts made worldwide to improve the stability of HHP‐based solar cells from time to time. Methyl ammonium lead halide (MAPbI3) has been first used in HHP‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but it is more vulnerable to heat and moisture. Further, formamidinium (FA+) and guanidinium (GA+) ion doping have been adopted as a compositional modification for better structural and environmental stability. The entire work has been categorized into three sub‐areas, i.e., MA,; FA, and GA‐based HHP solar cells and the comparison of various photovoltaic parameters of these cells has been presented. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects for PSC research and development toward commercialization have also been presented.
Biotechnological interventions for monitoring and mitigating microplastic pollution and development of alternatives to single‐use plastics
Authors: Shanmugam Mahadevan Indumathi , Harsha Vardhan Madurai Kathiravan , Rejith Kumar Rajkumar Sheeja , Rohinth Mourougavel , Tawfeeq Ahmed Zakir Hussain , Prakash Pandurangan , Kumar Jagadeesan Aravind
Published: February 2024

The dawn of mass plastic production in the early 20th century has accelerated the penetration of microplastics into the environment, making them known to be an insidious threat to diverse ecosystems. The current scenario for microplastics is dire, as they pervade living organisms and disrupt vital functions while also affecting the environment by altering soil quality. They pose an inherent risk to human health, making their elimination a multifaceted challenge. Due to factors such as small size, low biodegradability, and ubiquity, microplastics are particularly challenging to detect, and methods for their elimination from terrestrial and marine environments are an ever‐evolving field of research. The detection of such microplastics has necessitated the use of various biotechnological techniques to monitor microplastic pollution. The control of microplastic pollution in natural ecosystems can be met by replacing mass‐produced single‐use plastics with viable bio‐based alternatives. The main objectives of this review are to discuss how microplastic pollution is currently monitored, assessed, and controlled using satellite‐generated imagery complemented with a range of biotechnological and bioremedial techniques. This review also traces the development of a range of bio‐based plastic alternatives that are observed to potentially replace single‐use plastics. Further discussion on the various challenges and prospects for the mitigation of microplastics will also be conducted, stressing the importance of future research.
Techno-economics Analysis on Sodium-Ion Batteries: Overview and Prospective
Authors: Ferraro Marco , Tumminia Giovanni
Published: February 2024

Sodium-ion batteries are considered compelling electrochemical energy storage systems considering its abundant resources, high cost-effectiveness, and high safety. Therefore, sodium-ion batteries might become an economically promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, while there are several works available in the literature on the costs of lithium-ion battery materials, cells, and modules, there is relatively little available analysis of these for sodium ion. Moreover, most of the works on sodium ion focus on costs of material preparation and the electrodes/electrolytes taken in isolation, without considering the costs of the whole cell or battery system. Therefore, the lack of a cost analysis makes it hard to evaluate the long-term feasibility of this storage technology. In this context, this focus chapter presents a preliminary techno-economics analysis on sodium-ion batteries, based on the review of the recent literature. The main materials/components contributing to the price of the sodium-ion batteries are investigated, along with core challenges presently limiting their development and benefits of their practical deployment. The results are also compared with those of competing lithium-ion technology.
Social Implications
Authors: Pechancová Viera , Sáha Petr , Pavelková Drahomíra
Published: February 2024

The book chapter addresses the vulnerabilities and sustainability challenges in the battery industry, emphasising the importance of social acceptance in the context of a variety of applications. The battery industry’s environmental impacts, supply chain issues and geopolitical concerns are discussed, along with the need for just energy transitions and human rights safeguards. The role of batteries in energy storage, e-mobility and grid storage is explored, including the phenomenon of range anxiety in electric vehicles. The chapter underscores the significance of combining technical advancements with social factors for successful energy technology transitions and achieving sustainable battery value chain. Social innovation and acceptance issues related to battery technologies are highlighted, considering factors like socio-political, market and community acceptance. Overall, the text advocates for a balanced approach between societal needs, environmental conservation and technological advancements in the battery industry.
Principles of a Circular Economy for Batteries
Authors: Helbig Christoph , Hillenbrand Martin
Published: February 2024

The global market for batteries is rapidly growing, leading to significant material requirements to build up an in-use stock of batteries for mobility and stationary applications. One strategy to secure the material supply for batteries and simultaneously reduce the life cycle environmental impacts of batteries is the implementation of a circular economy for batteries, chiefly lithium-ion battery materials. In a circular economy, material cycles are narrowed, slowed, and closed to form cyclical or cascading material flows instead of linear take-make-waste schemes. The most common measures to implement a circular economy are so-called R-imperatives: refuse, rethink, reduce, reuse, repair, remanufacture, refurbish, repurpose, recycle, and recover. By implementing these R-imperatives, batteries can be designed to provide the highest functional value with the lowest material requirements. Their life is prolonged by repair and remanufacturing activities, and the valuable materials can be recycled through various processes. Legislative initiatives like the EU Battery Regulation and technological development foster the implementation of such a circular economy for batteries.
Overview of Energy Storage Technologies Besides Batteries
Authors: Schischke Eva , Grevé Anna , Ehrenstein Ulrike , Doetsch Christian
Published: February 2024

This chapter provides an overview of energy storage technologies besides what is commonly referred to as batteries, namely, pumped hydro storage, compressed air energy storage, flywheel storage, flow batteries, and power-to-X technologies. The operating principle of each technology is described briefly along with typical applications of the technology. Additionally, insights into the ecological footprint of the different energy storage systems are presented.
Theoretisches Fazit und Konkretisierung der Forschungsfragen
Authors: Tokarski Bianca Maria
Published: February 2024

Für die Erforschung von Handlungskoordination in der Weiterbildungsplanung und -entwicklung werden aus methodologischer Sicht Zugangswege benötigt, die auf der Individualebene eine strukturierte Erfassung von handlungsleitenden Absichten, Interaktion und Handlungskoordination zwischen Akteur:innen ermöglichen. Wie theoretisch nachvollzogen werden konnte, bietet die Konventionenökonomie hierzu einen potenziell geeigneten Zugang.
Bodmers Miltonübersetzungen*
Authors: Guthrie John
Published: February 2024

Bodmer’s translation of Milton’s Paradise Lost was a milestone in translations of English works of literature into German in the eighteenth century. Its importance is often not recognised and it fared badly at the hands of critics. Its qualities were sidelined by discussion of aesthetic and literary issues arising in the dispute between Zurich and Leipzig. This essay asks what attracted Bodmer to Milton, why he undertook the prose translation of Paradise Lost and what the result was. In answer it highlights the power of Milton’s depiction of nature, the connection between nature and the sublime, and Bodmer’s identification with Milton and the characters in Paradise Lost. It analyses reasons for the choice of prose, arguing in contrast to earlier research that the similarities between the different versions of the translation are more significant than the differences. In assessing the pitfalls and the advantages of Bodmer’s translation this essay draws on approaches in translation studies.
Zwischen Historia und Fabula. Maria Stuart als gespenstische Schwellenfigur in Andreas Gryphius’ Carolus Stuardus
Authors: Fischer Conrad
Published: February 2024

This article seeks to contextualize a comment by the author Gryphius on the appearance of Mary Stuart in his tragedyCarolus Stuardus(1657/1663). To explain her entry, Gryphius lectures on the historical sources from Buchanan to Camden for the portrayal of Mary Stuart as the sufferer of a trial of injustice. In contrast, there is the literary history of reception, which Gryphius doesn’t mention. Here, after her death, for example in Joost van den Vondel's dramaMaria Stuart(1646), Mary Stuart is staged primarily as a Christian Catholic martyr. Gryphius, in turn, according to the central thesis of this article, transforms her Christian martyrdom into a political one by staging Mary as a spirit of the dead. As a dramatic example, Mary thus lends her (ghostly) voice to the historical injustice of the English regicide.
Der Kurtze Wegweiser zur Erlernung der Englischen Sprache und die Gestaltung seiner Musterdialoge
Authors: Doms Misia Sophia
Published: February 2024

First published in Hamburg in 1699, the Short guide to learn the Englisch [sic!] Tongue by F. K. forms a prototypical example for the textbooks used by early modern learners of English and other modern languages. At the heart of the textbook we can find a collection of 16 situational dialogues offering communication models for their well-to-do bourgeois readers. Some passages of these dialogues seem to consist of a mere series of incoherent ready-made phrases for everyday conversation with Englishmen during travels abroad or business negotiations, while other more coherent parts have a more immersive and entertaining design. In some cases, their elements seem to have been adopted from comedy. In the Short guide’s fourth edition from 1713 the dialogues clearly refer to the social environment of the knight academies and thus to the galant context of nobility which, at the turn of the 18th century, was especially attractive to the ambitious young members of bourgeoisie supposed to use the textbook.
John Bunyans Pilgrim’s Progress in Wales: Taith neu Siwrnai y Pererin (1688) und Taith y Pererin (1699)
Authors: Poppe Erich
Published: February 2024

My contribution discusses two translations of John Bunyan’sPilgrim’s Progressinto Welsh,Taith neu Siwrnai y Pererin‘The pilgrim’s progress or journey’ (London, 1688) andTaith y Pererin‘The pilgrim’s progress’ (Shrewsbury, 1699). It begins with a presentation of the translators, their background and interests, and the books themselves. It then concentrates on the earlier text, especially on the introductory letter of the main translator and driving spirit behind the project, Stephen Hughes (1622–1688), in which he remarks on the strategies for translating, on the changes implemented in the Welsh text, and on the marginal paratexts, complemented by some comparisons with the later version. The metrical forms of the Welsh adaptations of the English verses and the Welsh translations of English descriptive names and special terms are considered next. The contribution closes with remarks on the reception of the translation, which shows that it has become part of the Welsh literary canon of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. One result of the analysis, instructive for literary and translation studies, is the insight that due to the translators’ interventions the relation between the source and the target texts becomes opaque: readers can never be quite certain whether they read Bunyan or his translators.
A glimpse into novel acylations and their emerging role in regulating cancer metastasis
Authors: Shi Huifang , Cui Weigang , Qin Yan , Chen Lei , Yu Tao , Lv Jie
Published: February 2024

Metastatic cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality; however, the complex regulation process remains to be further elucidated. A large amount of preliminary investigations focus on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in cancer metastasis. Notably, the posttranslational modifications were found to be critically involved in malignancy, thus attracting considerable attention. Beyond acetylation, novel forms of acylation have been recently identified following advances in mass spectrometry, proteomics technologies, and bioinformatics, such as propionylation, butyrylation, malonylation, succinylation, crotonylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, lactylation, among others. These novel acylations play pivotal roles in regulating different aspects of energy mechanism and mediating signal transduction by covalently modifying histone or nonhistone proteins. Furthermore, these acylations and their modifying enzymes show promise regarding the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, especially tumor metastasis. Here, we comprehensively review the identification and characterization of 11 novel acylations, and the corresponding modifying enzymes, highlighting their significance for tumor metastasis. We also focus on their potential application as clinical therapeutic targets and diagnostic predictors, discussing the current obstacles and future research prospects.
Comfort Terminal Care auf der Intensivstation: Empfehlungen für die Praxis
Authors: Schaden Eva , Dier Helga , Weixler Dietmar , Hasibeder Walter , Lenhart-Orator Andrea , Roden Christian , Fruhwald Sonja , Friesenecker Barbara ,   ARGE Ethik in Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin der ÖGARI
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit

Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ethik in Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie, Reanimation und Intensivmedizin (ÖGARI) hat schon vor 10 Jahren Dokumentationswerkzeuge für die Therapiezieländerung entwickelt. Seither hat insbesondere die praktische Umsetzung der Comfort Terminal Care in der täglichen Routine zahlreiche Fragenstellungen aufgeworfen, die in dieser Folgearbeit diskutiert und, wann immer möglich, evidenzbasiert beantwortet werden.

Ergebnisse

Die praktische Umsetzung der Schmerztherapie sowie der Reduktion von Angst, Stress und Atemnot, die im Rahmen einer Comfort Terminal Care selbstverständlich indiziert sind, werden näher beschrieben. Zu den Maßnahmen, die nicht (mehr) indiziert sind, wie Sauerstoffgabe und Beatmung sowie Gabe von Flüssigkeit und Ernährung, wird Stellung genommen. Weiterhin werden Empfehlungen hinsichtlich Monitoring, (Labor‑)Befunderhebung sowie zu medikamentösen Therapien gegeben und die Bedeutung von Pflegehandlungen im Rahmen der Comfort Terminal Care benannt. Zuletzt werden noch die Begleitung der An- und Zugehörigen und das Vorgehen in der Zeit nach dem Versterben dargestellt.

Diskussion

Eine Therapiezieländerung mit zeitgerechter Umstellung auf Comfort Terminal Care ermöglicht eine gute und menschliche Betreuung schwerst kranker Patient:innen und ihrer An- und Zugehörigen am Lebensende und die Wertschätzung ihres bisherigen Lebens mit der Möglichkeit positiver Erfahrungen bis zuletzt.
Digitale Gesundheitskompetenz der Bevölkerung in Deutschland: Aktueller Stand, Konzepte und Herausforderungen
Authors: Dratva Julia , Schaeffer Doris , Zeeb Hajo
Published: February 2024

Eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche digitale Transformation des Gesundheitswesens ist eine gut ausgeprägte digitale Gesundheitskompetenz (DGK) der Bevölkerung. DGK ist die Fähigkeit zum Umgang mit gesundheitsbezogenen digitalen Informationen und Informationsmöglichkeiten mit dem Ziel, Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden für sich selbst und sein Umfeld zu fördern und zu erhalten. Der Artikel beleuchtet die Diskussion über DGK, vorhandene Studien und die darin verwendeten Messinstrumente sowie die Datenlage in Deutschland und erörtert aktuelle Herausforderungen.

DGK besteht aus verschiedenen Teilkompetenzen, die aktuelle digitale Informationsverhalten, -möglichkeiten und -risiken widerspiegeln. Die Datenlage ist, aufgrund unterschiedlicher Studiendesigns und -instrumente, sehr heterogen, was die Aussagekraft limitiert. Zwei repräsentative Studien, HLS-GER 2 der Universität Bielefeld sowie die Studie der AOK Rheinland/Hamburg und des Leibniz-WissenschaftsCampus, weisen trotz unterschiedlicher Methoden auf einen hohen Anteil von Menschen mit geringer DGK hin. National wie international zeigt sich, dass die DGK einem sozialen Gradienten unterliegt und mit Bildungsniveau, Sozialstatus, finanzieller Deprivation und Alter assoziiert ist.

Die DGK ist in Deutschland den vorliegenden Daten zufolge noch unzureichend; somit besteht ein großer Handlungsbedarf. Erforderliche gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen sind gegeben, dennoch fehlt es an verlässlichen finanziellen Ressourcen ebenso an einer soliden Datengrundlage auf Bevölkerungsebene zu DGK. Damit ließen sich Vulnerabilitätsfaktoren identifizieren und die Implementation von Maßnahmen vorbereiten und evaluieren. Zudem bedarf es einer vertiefenden konzeptionellen Diskussion zur DGK, die an das etablierte Gesundheitskompetenzkonzept anknüpft und auch die gesundheitsbezogene Infodemie und ihre Folgen für die DGK aufgreift.
More certainty in uncertainty: a special life-cycle approach for management decisions in volatile markets
Authors: Röser Marcel
Published: February 2024

Risk managers as corporate stewards are important gatekeepers in enterprises and they are essential to managing risks. Relatedly, a more accurate evaluation of the risk factors allows a well-founded decision-making process and reduces the number of surprising situations that could occur especially in volatile markets. Forward-looking risk management increases entrepreneurial resilience because risk factors are already estimated at an earlier stage in the corresponding risk analysis. Furthermore, the range of potential solutions can be estimated in a successive way. These aspects are relevant especially for products with follow-up effects. Such new product bundles are typical in current businesses. They require a more precise risk analysis, which allows an effective view of the life-cycles of the whole products and the customer relationships. Within well-founded risk decomposition, the existing risk can be managed appropriately. The following study presents a special life-cycle approach for evaluating products and customers in risky situations. Especially for important management decisions, such an approach is necessary, given that only a few products or customers can have a major influence on the success of the enterprise. Therefore, a systematic risk-oriented approach is essential that adequately identifies, assesses and controls the risk factors and enables agile adaptability for fast changes. Considering the risk management perspective, simulation techniques are a useful approach to solve sophisticated decision situations. The applicability of this concept is demonstrated using a computation example reflecting real-world circumstances. The presented approach is broadly defined. That is the reason why the approach can also be transferred to other sectors.
Arabidopsis retromer subunit AtVPS29 is involved in SLY1-mediated gibberellin signaling
Authors: Min Wang Ki , Kwon Dae Hwan , Song Jong Tae , Seo Hak Soo
Published: February 2024

Key message

Retromer protein AtVPS29 upregulates the SLY1 protein and downregulates the RGA protein, positively stimulating the development of the root meristematic zone, which indicates an important role of AtVPS29 in gibberellin signaling.

In plants, the large retromer complex is known to play roles in multiple development processes, including cell polarity, programmed cell death, and root hair growth in Arabidopsis. However, many of its roles in plant development remain unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis trimeric retromer protein AtVPS29 (vacuolar protein sorting 29) modulates gibberellin signaling. The SLEEPY1 (SLY1) protein, known as a positive regulator of gibberellic acid (GA) signaling, exhibited lower abundance in vps29-3 mutants compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Conversely, the DELLA repressor protein, targeted by the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF (Skp, Cullin, F-box) complex and acting as a negative regulator of GA signaling, showed increased abundance in vps29-3 mutants compared to WT. The vps29-3 mutants exhibited decreased sensitivity to exogenous GA supply in contrast to WT, despite an upregulation in the expression of GA receptor genes within the vps29-3 mutants. In addition, the expression of the GA synthesis genes was downregulated in vps29-3 mutants, implying that the loss of AtVPS29 causes the downregulation of GA synthesis and signaling. Furthermore, vps29-3 mutants exhibited a reduced meristematic zone accompanied by a decreased cell number. Together, these data indicate that AtVPS29 positively regulates SLY1-mediated GA signaling and plant growth.
Explainable artificial intelligence prediction-based model in laparoscopic liver surgery for segments 7 and 8: an international multicenter study
Authors: Lopez-Lopez Victor , Morise Zeniche , Albaladejo-González Mariano , Gavara Concepción Gomez , Goh Brian K. P. , Koh Ye Xin , Paul Sijberden Jasper , Hilal Mohammed Abu , Mishima Kohei , Krürger Jaime Arthur Pirola , Herman Paulo , Cerezuela Alvaro , Brusadin Roberto , Kaizu Takashi , Lujan Juan , Rotellar Fernando , Monden Kazuteru , Dalmau Mar , Gotohda Naoto , Kudo Masashi , Kanazawa Akishige , Kato Yutaro , Nitta Hiroyuki , Amano Satoshi , Valle Raffaele Dalla , Giuffrida Mario , Ueno Masaki , Otsuka Yuichiro , Asano Daisuke , Tanabe Minoru , Itano Osamu , Minagawa Takuya , Eshmuminov Dilmurodjon , Herrero Irene , Ramírez Pablo , Ruipérez-Valiente José A. , Robles-Campos Ricardo , Wakabayashi Go
Published: February 2024

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming more useful as a decision-making and outcomes predictor tool. We have developed AI models to predict surgical complexity and the postoperative course in laparoscopic liver surgery for segments 7 and 8.

Methods

We included patients with lesions located in segments 7 and 8 operated by minimally invasive liver surgery from an international multi-institutional database. We have employed AI models to predict surgical complexity and postoperative outcomes. Furthermore, we have applied SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to make the AI models interpretable. Finally, we analyzed the surgeries not converted to open versus those converted to open.

Results

Overall, 585 patients and 22 variables were included. Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) showed the highest performance for predicting surgery complexity and Random Forest (RF) for predicting postoperative outcomes. SHAP detected that MLP and RF gave the highest relevance to the variables “resection type” and “largest tumor size” for predicting surgery complexity and postoperative outcomes. In addition, we explored between surgeries converted to open and non-converted, finding statistically significant differences in the variables “tumor location,” “blood loss,” “complications,” and “operation time.”

Conclusion

We have observed how the application of SHAP allows us to understand the predictions of AI models in surgical complexity and the postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic liver surgery in segments 7 and 8.