bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach to Identify Sources of Errors in IMERG for GPM Ground Validation
Authors: Tan Jackson , Petersen Walter A. , Tokay Ali
Published: July 2016

The comparison of satellite and high-quality, ground-based estimates of precipitation is an important means to assess the confidence in satellite-based algorithms and to provide a benchmark for their continued development and future improvement. To these ends, it is beneficial to identify sources of estimation uncertainty, thereby facilitating a precise understanding of the origins of the problem. This is especially true for new datasets such as the Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) product, which provides global precipitation gridded at a high resolution using measurements from different sources and techniques. Here, IMERG is evaluated against a dense network of gauges in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. A novel approach is presented, leveraging ancillary variables in IMERG to attribute the errors to the individual instruments or techniques within the algorithm. As a whole, IMERG exhibits some misses and false alarms for rain detection, while its rain-rate estimates tend to overestimate drizzle and underestimate heavy rain with considerable random error. Tracing the errors to their sources, the most reliable IMERG estimates come from passive microwave satellites, which in turn exhibit a hierarchy of performance. The morphing technique has comparable proficiency with the less skillful satellites, but infrared estimations perform poorly. The approach here demonstrated that, underlying the overall reasonable performance of IMERG, different sources have different reliability, thus enabling both IMERG users and developers to better recognize the uncertainty in the estimate. Future validation efforts are urged to adopt such a categorization to bridge between gridded rainfall and instantaneous satellite estimates.
Two Types of Strong Local Wind Captured by Simultaneous Multiple-Site Radiosonde Soundings across a Mountain Range
Authors: Komatsu Kensuke K. , Tachibana Yoshihiro
Published: July 2016

A radiosonde observation method is presented, consisting of simultaneous radiosonde observations at closely spaced multiple sites using balloons with varied buoyancies. This method was employed during a strong wind event (Suzuka-oroshi) on the lee side of the Suzuka mountain range, Japan, to derive the detailed structure of the wind as it crossed the mountains. Batches of six radiosondes were launched simultaneously from a line of four sites, using balloons with three different degrees of buoyancy. The four sites were 13 km apart along a 35-km-long transect roughly aligned with the prevailing wind. The observations documented two flow regimes: a downslope flow perpendicular to the mountain range, similar to a windstorm, and an unexpectedly strong low-level jet flowing parallel to the mountain range. The method was more successful at delineating the first regime than the second. The first regime was well simulated by a numerical experiment, but the second regime was not. The vertical wind associated with the downslope windstorm was inferred from the changing slopes of potential temperature isentropes. Comparison of the balloon ascent rates with these isentropes meanders and the simulated vertical wind showed that fluctuations in balloon ascent rate provide reliable information on the vertical direction of the wind. An analysis of the second regime using a long-term meteorological dataset shows that the onset of the low-level jet is related to the synoptic-scale shift in vorticity from positive to negative in the observation area. This vorticity shift appears to be a useful indicator for the low-level jet regime.
Targeted sequencing of refractory myeloma reveals a high incidence of mutations in CRBN and Ras pathway genes
Authors: Kortüm K. Martin , Mai Elias K. , Hanafiah Nur H. , Shi Chang-Xi , Zhu Yuan-Xiao , Bruins Laura , Barrio Santiago , Jedlowski Patrick , Merz Maximilian , Xu Jing , Stewart Robert A. , Andrulis Mindaugas , Jauch Anna , Hillengass Jens , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Bergsagel P. Leif , Braggio Esteban , Stewart A. Keith , Raab Marc S.
Published: July 2016

Key Points

The incidence of mutations within the MAPK pathway, the CRBN pathway, and TP53 is significantly increased in drug-refractory MM. Mutations in CRBN might contribute to IMiD resistance in drug-refractory MM.
Brentuximab vedotin and AVD followed by involved-site radiotherapy in early stage, unfavorable risk Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kumar Anita , Casulo Carla , Yahalom Joachim , Schöder Heiko , Barr Paul M. , Caron Philip , Chiu April , Constine Louis S. , Drullinsky Pamela , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Gerecitano John F. , Hamilton Audrey , Hamlin Paul A. , Horwitz Steven M. , Jacob Alexandra G. , Matasar Matthew J. , McArthur Gianna N. , McCall Susan J. , Moskowitz Alison J. , Noy Ariela , Palomba Maria L. , Portlock Carol S. , Straus David J. , VanderEls Nicholas , Verwys Stephanie L. , Yang Joanna , Younes Anas , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Zhang Zhigang , Moskowitz Craig H.
Published: July 2016

Key Points

BV and AVD followed by ISRT is well tolerated, without significant pulmonary toxicity. BV and AVD followed by ISRT is an effective therapy for unfavorable-risk early stage HL, including bulky disease.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Clinical and immuno-proteomic approach on Lantana camara pollen allergy—a major health hazard
Authors: Ghosal Kavita , Saha Bodhisattwa , Gupta Bhattacharya Swati
Published: July 2016

Background

The incidence of allergic diseases is increasing gradually and is a global burden affecting the socio-economic quality of life. Identification of allergens is the first step towards paving the way for therapeutic interventions against atopic diseases. Our previous investigation figured out that total pollen load correlated significantly with the rise of respiratory allergy in a subtropical city in India. The most dominant pollen responsible for IgE sensitivity in most patients emerged to be from Lantana camara (LC) an obnoxious weed growing in and around suburban areas of West Bengal. In this study, we identified allergenic components from this shrub using an immunoproteomic approach.

Methods

Determination of dominant pollen species was done using aerobiological sampling during two consecutive years and correlated with hospitalization and skin prick test. Serum was collected from LC positive patients and checked for in vitro allergenicity using ELISA and Histamine assay. Total proteome was profiled in SDS–PAGE, 2D PAGE and immunoblotted to detect IgE binding proteins which were further identified using mass spectrometry.

Results

Lantana camara pollen emerged as a significant contributor from the correlation study with hospital admission of the respiratory allergy sufferers and its extract demonstrated an elevated IgE response in ELISA and histamine release assay tests. Five IgE reactive bands/zones were observed in 1D blot which resolved to 12 allergo-reactive spots in the 2D blot. Mass spectrometric analysis identified nine spots that grouped into four diverse proteins. Pathogenesis-related Thaumatin-like protein was found to be one of the major allergens in Lantana camara.

Conclusions

This is to our knowledge the first attempt to identify allergens from Lantana camara using a proteomic approach. The allergens identified thereof can be used to prepare hypoallergenic vaccine candidates and design immunotherapy trials against LC pollen and other aeroallergen carriers which are cross-reactive and harbor similar proteins.
Clinical trial considerations on male contraception and collection of pregnancy information from female partner: update
Authors: Banholzer Maria Longauer , Wandel Christoph , Barrow Paul , Mannino Marie , Schmitt Georg , Guérard Melanie , Müller Lutz , Greig Gerard , Amemiya Kenjie , Peck Richard , Singer Thomas , Doessegger Lucette
Published: July 2016

Background

This is an update to our 2012 publication on clinical trial considerations on male contraception and collection of pregnancy information from female partner, after critical review of recent (draft) guidances released by the International Council for Harmonisation [ICH] the Clinical Trial Facilitation Group [CTFG] and the US Food & Drug Administration [FDA].

Methods

Relevant aspects of the new guidance documents are discussed in the context of male contraception and pregnancy reporting from female partner in clinical trials and the approach is updated accordingly.

Results

Genotoxicity The concept of a threshold is introduced using acceptable daily intake/permissible daily exposure to define genotoxicity requirements, hence highly effective contraception in order to avoid conception. The duration for highly effective contraception has been extended from 74 to 90 days from the end of relevant systemic exposure. Teratogenicity Pharmacokinetic considerations to estimate safety margins have been contextualized with regard to over‐ and underestimation of the risk of teratogenicity transmitted by a vaginal dose. The duration of male contraception after the last dose takes into account the end of relevant systemic exposure if measured, or a default period of five half‐lives after last dose for small molecules and two half‐lives for immunoglobulins (mAbs). Measures to prevent exposure of the conceptus via a vaginal dose apply to reproductively competent or vasectomized men, unless measurements fail to detect the compound in seminal fluid.

Conclusion

Critical review of new guidance documents provides a comparison across approaches and resulted in an update of our previous publication. Separate algorithms for small molecules and monoclonal antibodies are proposed to guide the recommendations for contraception for male trial participants and pregnancy reporting from female partners. No male contraception is required if the dose is below a defined threshold for genotoxic concern applicable to small molecules. For men treated with teratogenic mAbs, condom use to prevent exposure of a potentially pregnant partner is unlikely to be recommended because of the minimal female exposure anticipated following a vaginal dose. The proposed safety margins for teratogenicity may evolve with further knowledge.
Recovery of Lower Cranial Nerve Function after Surgery for Medullary Brainstem Tumors
Authors: Jallo George I. , Shiminski-Maher Tania , Velazquez Linda , Abbott Rick , Wisoff Jeff , Epstein Fred
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE:

Although optimal treatment for intrinsic focal tumors of the medulla remains controversial, many surgeons advocate radical surgery for patients with these tumors. Postoperative surgical morbidity may include loss of lower cranial nerve function and significant motor deficits. Recovery of lower cranial nerve dysfunction after radical surgery has not been reported previously.

METHODS:

Forty-one children and adolescents with tumors involving the medulla underwent operations between 1986 and 1997. Nineteen (46%) of these patients experienced loss of lower cranial nerve function requiring tracheostomy, ventilator support, and feeding gastrostomy. A retrospective analysis of this patient population and the time to cranial nerve recovery was undertaken.

RESULTS:

Thirteen (68%) of the 19 patients with loss of lower cranial nerve function had full recovery of lower cranial nerve function. Two patients (11%) have had significant improvement in their lower cranial nerve function, and four patients (21%) have remained without lower cranial nerve function.

CONCLUSION:

Lower cranial dysfunction is common after surgery for intrinsic medullary tumors. However, the majority of patients who require tracheostomy or gastrostomy tubes will recover cranial nerve function.
Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for Poor-grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients with Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Clinical Outcome and Quality of Life Assessment
Authors: D'Ambrosio Anthony L. , Sughrue Michael E. , Yorgason Joshua G. , Mocco J D. , Kreiter Kurt T. , Mayer Stephan A. , McKhann Guy M. , Connolly E Sander
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE:

Decompressive hemicraniectomy has been proposed as a potential treatment strategy in patients with poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage presenting with focal intracerebral hemorrhage causing significant mass effect. Although hemicraniectomy improves overall survival rates, the long-term quality of life (QoL) for survivors in this patient population has not been reported.

METHODS:

Using adjudicated outcome assessments, we compare long-term clinical outcomes and QoL between a group of patients with poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage receiving decompressive hemicraniectomy (n = 12) and a control group of similar patients managed more conservatively (n = 10).

RESULTS:

Patients receiving decompressive hemicraniectomy experienced a statistically insignificant decrease in short-term mortality compared with controls (25 versus 42%); however, long-term QoL in hemicraniectomy survivors was generally poor. Furthermore, hemicraniectomy patients did not experience an increase in mean quality-adjusted life years over control patients (2.31 versus 2.22 yr).

CONCLUSION:

Decompressive hemicraniectomy prolongs short-term survival in patients with poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with associated intracerebral hemorrhage; however, this trend is not statistically significant, and the overall QoL experienced by survivors is poor. Decompressive hemicraniectomy may be indicated if performed early in a select subset of patients. On the basis of our preliminary data, large prospective studies to investigate this issue further may not be warranted.
Pituitary Apoplexy
Authors: Semple Patrick L. , Webb Michael K. , de Villiers Jacques C. , Laws Edward R.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE:

Pituitary apoplexy is a rare yet potentially fatal disease. We reviewed the combined experience of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, VA, and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa, with 62 cases of pituitary apoplexy.

METHODS:

An Internet web site with a database was constructed, and the records of 62 patients were entered into the database from both institutions and then systematically analyzed.

RESULTS:

The average age of patients was 51.1 years; 60% were male, and the average length of follow-up was 55 months. The average time of presentation was 14.2 days after the ictus, and 81% had no previous history of pituitary tumor. Headache was the most common presenting symptom (87%). Diminished visual acuity was found in 56% of patients, bitemporal hemianopia in 34%, ocular palsies in 45%, and diminished level of consciousness in 13%. Seventy-three percent of the patients had laboratory evidence of hypopituitarism, and 8% had diabetes insipidus. Fifty-eight patients underwent surgery, 3 were treated conservatively, and 1 died before intervention. Histological examination revealed hemorrhagic infarction in 47%, simple infarction in 40%, and frank hemorrhage in 8%. Seventy-nine percent had a good outcome, although 83% required subsequent hormonal replacement therapy.

CONCLUSION:

Pituitary apoplexy is often misdiagnosed because the majority of patients have undetected pituitary adenomas, and the presentation is often mistaken for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Most cases of pituitary apoplexy occur spontaneously, although precipitating factors have been suggested. Magnetic resonance imaging is the imaging modality of choice. Treatment includes high-dose corticosteroid administration and surgery. Transsphenoidal surgery is indicated in patients with diminished levels of consciousness, hypothalamic dysfunction, and visual deterioration. Conservative management for patients with isolated cranial nerve palsies has been advocated but remains controversial.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging with Three-dimensional Fiber Tractography of Traumatic Axonal Shearing Injury: An Imaging Correlate for the Posterior Callosal “Disconnection” Syndrome: Case Report
Authors: Le Tuong H. , Mukherjee Pratik , Henry Roland G. , Berman Jeffrey I. , Ware Marcus , Manley Geoffrey T.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE:

To demonstrate that magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with three-dimensional (3-D) fiber tractography can visualize traumatic axonal shearing injury that results in posterior callosal disconnection syndrome.

METHODS:

A 22-year-old man underwent serial magnetic resonance imaging 3 days and 12 weeks after blunt head injury. The magnetic resonance images included whole-brain DTI acquired with a single-shot spin echo echoplanar sequence. 3-D DTI fiber tractography of the splenium of the corpus callosum was performed. Quantitative DTI parameters, including apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy, from the site of splenial injury were compared with those of a normal adult male volunteer.

RESULTS:

Conventional magnetic resonance images revealed findings of diffuse axonal injury, including a lesion at the midline of the splenium of the corpus callosum. DTI performed 3 days posttrauma revealed that the splenial lesion had reduced apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy, reflecting a large decrease in the magnitude of diffusion parallel to the white matter fibers, which had partially recovered as revealed by follow-up DTI 12 weeks postinjury. 3-D tractography revealed an interruption of the white matter fibers in the posteroinferior aspect of the splenium that correlated with the patient's left hemialexia, a functional deficit caused by disconnection of the right visual cortex from the language centers of the dominant left hemisphere.

CONCLUSION:

DTI with 3-D fiber tractography can visualize acute axonal shearing injury, which may have prognostic value for the cognitive and neurological sequelae of traumatic brain injury.
Simple Decompression versus Anterior Submuscular Transposition of the Ulnar Nerve in Severe Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Gervasio Olga , Gambardella Giuseppe , Zaccone Claudio , Branca Damiano
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE:

The authors report the results of a clinical series of selected patients with severe cubital tunnel syndrome. The degree of ulnar nerve compression was evaluated by use of a grading system that includes measurements of motor and sensitive function. The submuscular transposition with flexor-pronator mass Z lengthening was compared with simple decompression through a prospective randomized study.

METHODS:

From February 1998 to June 2003, 70 patients with severe cubital tunnel syndrome were included in this study: 35 patients were submitted to simple decompression (Group A), and 35 patients were treated by anterior deep submuscular transposition (Group B). The preoperative status was determined by use of Dellon's classification. The selected patients had Dellon's Grade 3 (severe syndrome). The mean follow-up period after surgery was 47 months for Group A and 46.94 months for Group B.

RESULTS:

Postoperative clinical and electrophysiological outcomes were assessed 6 months after surgery in all 70 patients. According to the Bishop scoring system, 19 patients (54.3%) of Group A were clinically graded as excellent, 9 (25.7%) were graded as good, and 7 (20%) were graded as fair; in Group B, 18 patients (51.43%) were graded as excellent, 11 (31.43%) as good, and 6 (17.14%) as fair. Neither severe complications nor recurrences were observed in the two groups.

CONCLUSION:

No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to the clinical or the electrophysiological outcome. The surgical treatment gains in Group A and B were 80% and 82.86%, respectively (good to excellent results).
Isolated Central Nervous System Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Case Report
Authors: Shinoda Jun , Murase Satoru , Takenaka Katsunobu , Sakai Noboru
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:

The first case of histologically proven hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) isolated to the central nervous system (CNS) is reported. HLH affecting the CNS mimics several neurological disorders and may be misdiagnosed. The diagnostic and therapeutic problems of this disease are discussed.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

We report a case of a 5-year-old girl with a 2-month history of right hemiparesis. The initial magnetic resonance imaging scan mimicked the appearance of malignant glioma or cerebral infarction. By use of neuroimaging alone, it was extremely difficult to reach an appropriate diagnosis.

INTERVENTION:

Pathological examination of a surgical specimen of the lesion revealed histological characteristics typical of HLH. Because of the absence of both physical and blood chemical findings of systemic HLH, the patient was diagnosed as having HLH isolated in the CNS without systemic HLH. Radiotherapy with corticosteroid administration led to complete resolution of the CNS lesions, but the duration of remission was only 3 months. The patient died secondary to refractory progression of the CNS lesion.

CONCLUSION:

Radiotherapy with corticosteroid administration led to a complete resolution of the lesions, although for only a transitory remission. Although HLH is extremely rare, the existence of this disease isolated in the CNS should be documented, and further case accumulation and therapeutic investigations are needed to clarify the pathophysiological characteristics of this disease.
Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma of the Spinal Cord: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Komotar Ricardo J. , Carson Benjamin S. , Rao Chandrankant , Chaffee Sara , Goldthwaite Patricia T. , Tihan Tarik
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a recently described, rare, circumscribed glioma similar to pilocytic astrocytoma. Despite its circumscribed nature, PMA implies a worse overall outcome than typical pilocytic astrocytoma. All PMAs reported to date involved the hypothalamic/chiasmatic region. Since these original reports, we have encountered three tumors in the spinal cord with histological features identical to those of PMA.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

We report three male pediatric patients. The first patient presented at age 6 with back pain and constipation. The second patient presented at age 8 with back pain and a bout of urinary incontinence. The third patient, a neonate, presented with respiratory failure and hypotonia.

INTERVENTION:

The first patient's cervical and thoracic neoplasm was treated with subtotal resection and multiple laminectomies and spinal fusion for recurrence. The second patient underwent gross total resection of his thoracic neoplasm. The neonate underwent laminectomy and biopsy of his holocord tumor.

CONCLUSION:

PMAs typically occur in the hypothalamic region and within the first 4 years of life. Tumors with identical histological features are being recognized outside this typical clinical setting. The cases presented in this report suggest that PMA can occur at a later age and can involve the spinal cord. We believe that increased recognition of these circumscribed gliomas will help to elucidate their nature and lead to better management decisions.
Paediatric Cervical Spine Chordoma: A Review
Authors: Soo Mark Yoi Sun , Wong Christine
Published: July 2016

Objective: Although new insights on paediatric chordomas have been described in recent publications, few are devoted to those arising from the cervical spine. This study reviews cervical spinal chordoma in the paediatric population with reference to clinical features, imaging and management strategies and prognostication.
Materials and Method: Retrospective observation and analysis of publications (in the English language): a search of the MEDLINE and PubMed database from 1987 to November 2015 has been performed. The key words used are “paediatric chordoma”, “cervical spine”, ”radiology”, “symptoms”, “therapy” and “prognosis”.
Thirty papers meet the criteria, including 11 case-reports on paediatric chordomas that affect the cranio-axial junction and other cervical levels. Ten other research papers emphasising different aspects of the tumours’ histopathology, treatment strategies and prognosis form the core material. Also recruited to the study are small cohorts of paediatric patients appearing in 9 mainly surgical papers on cervical chordomas among adults.
Results: Presence of cellular atypia, within a special sub-group, is an indicator of poor prognosis. Apart from children aged five and below, prognostication of conventional cervical chordomas does not differ from those at other sites of the mobile spine. Current trend advocates use of molecular/genetic biomarkers in predicting tumour recurrence in young children. Loss of SMARCB1/INI-1 (a tumour suppressor gene) expression and a raised level of MIB-1 (a protein expressed by proliferating cells) are reliable in such predictions.
A multi-disciplinary approach is ideal in managing cervical chordoma. MRI shows the extent of tumour displacement and encasement of the vertebral artery. Tender anterior neck masses with symptoms of cord compression are common complaints. Complete surgical excision is the goal of treatment but limited physical reserves in children to withstand extensive surgery leads invariably to residual disease. Adjuvant radiotherapy can contain tumour progression but is used with caution to limit toxicity to the cervical cord. Some reports state that cervical tumours have a less favourable rate of successful treatment compared to those in the clivus, but this is a debatable point.
Conclusion: There is close similarity in the clinico-radiological features and management of cervical spinal chordoma among children and adults. Although our understanding of the nature of this tumour in children is incomplete, a child affected by this rare but serious condition has a profound impact on the family.
Disparities in Primary Care Access for Infants: Implications for Medical Home Development for Infants
Authors: Eddington Angelica , Kunnel Binitha , Lincoln Alicia , Thompson David M. , Gillaspy Stephen R.
Published: July 2016

Background: Medical homes are proposed to provide a new standard of primary care that is comprehensive, family centered, and coordinated. Disparities in access to medical homes may affect healthcare outcomes among populations that include infants, children, and caregivers. This study examined disparities among pregnant mothers in a Midwestern state in the United States of America (USA) with regard to self-reported medical home access for their infants.
Method: Data from the 2004-2008 Oklahoma Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), a population-based survey of maternal behaviors, were analyzed. Medical home access was determined by the respondents answering a question about whether their child had a personal doctor or nurse familiar with their medical history.
Results: A series of Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square (?2) tests revealed that medical home access differed significantly across race, marital status, education, age, income, insurance status of infant, and prenatal care transportation availability. Multiple logistic regression results showed that mothers who had education higher than a high school diploma, mothers with an annual household income of $50,000 or more and mothers whose infants had health insurance were more likely to report access to a medical home for their infant. Mothers with an annual income of less than $20,000 and no transportation were less likely to report access to a medical home.
Conclusion: Similar to other disparity research, our analyses highlighted that pregnant mothers with less education, less income, mothers without insurance for their infants, and pregnant mothers without transportation reported less access to a medical home. The present study indicates a need to continue to examine implications of medical home access for pregnant mothers.
Homeomorphic Images of Orthogonal Bases
Authors: Kebryaee M. , Radjabalipour M.
Published: July 2016

Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for a sequence $\{x_j:~j\in \mathbb J\}$ in a Hilbert space to be, up to the elimination of a finite subset of $\mathbb J$, the linear homeomorphic image of an orthogonal basis of some Hilbert space $K$. This extends a similar result for orthonormal bases due to Holub [J.R. Holub. Pre-frame operators, Besselian frames, and near-Riesz bases in Hilbert spaces. \textit{Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.}, 122(3):779--785, 1994]. The proofs given here are based on simple linear algebra techniques.
Vajazzled!!! Pursuits for the hirsute
Authors: Turney Jo
Published: July 2016

Pubic hair has long been a contentious subject for women, and, in relation to constructions of psychoanalytical Otherness. Indeed, from Freud’s assertion that female pubic hair conceals a ‘lack’, natural genital hair growth has been a site of simultaneous shame and control, an intimate feature requiring habitual clipping, preening and restraint. Feminists have aligned this bodily restraint with social constraint, as men rarely pluck, shave or dye their pubic hair, and control over such ‘hidden’ areas heightens and perpetuates women’s ‘shame’. Consequently, as Germaine Greer acknowledges, stereotypical women pluck, shave and wax their bikini lines, and somewhat ironically, unfettered pubic hair by the 1980s had become a sign of the unfeminine feminist. In a post-feminist era, pubic hair, or the lack of it, remains a site of discourse. From fashions in waxing (the Brazilian and the Hollywood) to shaping and dyeing, pubic hair has become commodified, a beauty essential, removed aggressively from its political roots. This article is concerned with vajazzling, the removal of pubic hair and its replacement with diamante sparkles and other ‘jewellery’. Focusing on the celebration of excess body modification and the quest for ‘beauty’ via luxury consumption exemplified in this series, this article questions and investigates the historical significance of the lack of pubic hair and its beaded replacement in contemporary body projects.
Dressing modern identity: Victorian style re-imagined in the Angelica Garnett Gift
Authors: Wolstenholme Zoe
Published: July 2016

This article discusses recent finds in the Angelica Garnett Gift of 8000 previously unseen works of art by Bloomsbury artists Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant, donated to The Charleston Trust in 2008. The Charleston Trust cares for Charleston House, the Sussex home of Bell and Grant, and the collection of their and their contemporaries’ artworks. The Angelica Garnett Gift has emphasized the overlooked importance of dress to the work and lives of Bell and Grant and calls for more attention on the sartorials of Bloomsbury. This article aims to spark discussion in this understudied field, focusing on two examples found in the Gift, which reinterpret and reclaim the Victorian styles of the top hat and the fan to express possibilities of modern identity. These works interrogate how dress can negotiate experiences of both gender and modernity while also revealing understudied artistic and design processes, for Duncan Grant with the Omega Workshops and Vanessa Bell later in life. The style of the Bloomsbury Group continues to inspire designers today who find their modernist dress equally suitable to express the contemporary moment.
GÉNERO, IDENTIDADE E PODER: PARA UMA LEITURA CRÍTICA DAS RELAÇÕES DE GÉNERO EM ARQUEOLOGIA
Authors: Gomes Francisco
Published: July 2016

Embora o impacto da Teoria Feminista e de Género em Arqueologia remonte ao final dos anos ’70 do século XX, o interesse pela análise do papel da mulher e das relações de género no Passado tem permanecido largamente marginal na investigação arqueológica portuguesa. Em vista de uma desejável consolidação desse interesse, recolhem-se algumas reflexões críticas sobre as possíveis vias de desenvolvimento de futuras linhas de investigação enquadráveis na Arqueologia Feminista e de Género em Portugal.
A INVISIBILIDADE FEMININA – UMA LONGA NARRATIVA
Authors: Melo Ana Ávila
Published: July 2016

É longa a “ausência”, social e politicamente construída, das mulheres na História. Esta falsa ausência não é mais do que uma invisibilidade forçada do papel e da presença femininas como ser ativo em todas as áreas da sociedade – económica, política, social, cultural e simbólica/discursiva. Num mundo em rápida mudança, poder-se-á argumentar que as mulheres já têm um peso e importância significativos na sociedade, mas será real? A visibilidade feminina dos nossos dias corresponde, de facto, à sua dimensão económica, social, académica, cultural e política? Os Estudos Feministas e de Género, que se têm vindo a impor e consolidar nas últimas décadas na Europa e na América, continuam a denunciar a invisibilidade do papel científico das Mulheres, em todas as áreas do conhecimento – a arqueologia não é, portanto, excepção. Em Portugal, nos anos que se seguiram ao 25 de Abril de 1974 e até ao dia de hoje, muitas foram as portas que as mulheres abriram na sociedade portuguesa e a arqueologia foi uma delas. Reflitamos pois nestas questões, tendo em conta a realidade histórica que as enquadrou e os condicionalismos da era da globalização que se adapta e molda o panorama das nossas próprias especificidades enquanto colectivo – Mulheres cientistas e arqueólogas no dealbar deste novo milénio.
LA ZONA MINERA DE TRESMINAS (VILA POUCA DE AGUIAR). APORTACIONES A PARTIR DE LA FOTOGRAFÍA AÉREA
Authors: Sánchez-Palencia F. Javier
Published: July 2016

Para completar la documentación de un nuevo centro de interpretación en la zona minera de Tresminas, se ha llevado a cabo una investigación basada en la fotointerpretación estereoscópica de varios vuelos aéreos (1948, 80 y 93), y los correspondientes trabajos de campo. Se ha conseguido así una documentación nueva sobre varios aspectos de la minería antigua: redimensionar el tamaño de las labores, definir las acumulaciones de estériles y poner de relieve algunos elementos de la red hidráulica de abastecimiento mal conocidos, concretamente una serie de depósitos escalonados que servían para el tratamiento de molido del mineral y la evacuación del estéril. A partir de ello se han elaborado nuevas propuestas de trabajo para mejorar el conocimiento de la zona.
Descrição arquivística e catálogo do arquivo do professor doutor Manuel dos Reis (1919-1986)
Authors: Silva Ana Margarida Dias da
Published: July 2016

O arquivo do professor doutor Manuel dos Reis, salvaguardado no Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra desde outubro de 2013, engloba informação/documentação maioritariamente manuscrita, produzida no âmbito da sua atividade enquanto investigador de Matemática, compreendendo estudos e notas científicas de matemática, de astronomia, de probabilidade, de relatividade geral, de mecânica celeste e relacional, de análise superior, etc. O presente catálogo pretende ser um contributo para um melhor conhecimento da investigação científica realizada por Manuel dos Reis entre 1919 e 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-7974_29_3
BUTYLTIN RESIDUES IN SEDIMENTS FROM THE EASTERN GULF OF THAILAND
Authors: Praditsup Nichaya , Wattayakorn Gullaya
Published: July 2016

Concentrations of monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and tributyltin (TBT) compounds were analyzedÂ in surface sediment samples collected from twelve stations along the Eastern Gulf of Thailand. The total butyltinÂ (âˆ‘BTs) concentrations ranged between <1 and 109.7 ng gÂ (dry weight). The overall concentration ranges foundÂ in the sediments were from <1 to 79.81 ng g-1Â for MBT, from <1 to 9.5 ng gÂ -1Â for DBT, and from <1 to 29.8 ng g-1 for TBT, on a dry weight basis. MBT generally prevailed in most of the samples, suggesting the occurrence of old inputs of butyltin compounds in the area. Butyltin compounds were also measured in Nassarius sp., where âˆ‘BTs concentrations were found to range between <1 and 238 ng g-1 (wet weight). The level of butyltin compounds in gastropod tissue samples tended to be related to that of the sediments and percentage of imposex incidence.
BIOACCUMULATION OF CADMIUM (CD) BY WHITE SHRIMP PENAEUS MERGUIENSIS AT DIFFERENT SALINITY IN KEDUNGMALANG ESTUARY, JEPARA (CENTRAL JAVA)
Authors: Manullang Corry Yanti , Hutabarat Johannes , Widowati Ita
Published: July 2016

Estuarine of Kedungmalang has salinity variability and is assumed to bepolluted by cadmium (Cd) derived from human activities around Kedung region. In this study, bioaccumulation of Cd by white shrimp PenaeusÂ merguienis in relation with salinity difference was determined. Sampling was conducted at four stations : estuary (15â€° and 25â€° of salinity) and husbandry area (15â€° and 25â€° of salinity). Data on in situ water quality parametersÂ was obtained at each station. Absorption Atomic Spectrometer was used to measure Cd concentration. The water quality of parameters and the concentrations of Cd in the shrimp were compared with quality standards and weeklyÂ consumption limit of white shrimps is also suggested. The Cd concentrations on the white shrimp was found the highest concentration of 0.669 Î¼g.g-1 . The limit comsumption of the white shrimp of Estuarine of Kedungmalang,suggested by the resut of this study, is about 523-1537 grams per week.
DISTRIBUTION OF METALS IN CISANGGARUNG ESTUARY SEDIMENT, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Budiyanto Fitri , Lestari -
Published: July 2016

Volcanic activities have inï¬‚ uenced the Cisanggarung estuary in western Cirebon Regency, altering metalÂ concentrations in the bottom sediment. Observation of metal content in the ocean there was carried out in AugustÂ 2009. Sediment samples were collected at 16 stations along the Cisanggarung coastline. The aim of this work wasÂ to determine the spatial distribution of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the sediment of the Cisanggarung estuary. SedimentÂ was destructed using 3 acids: nitric acid, chloride acid and peroxide acid, which was then analyzed by Flame AtomicÂ Absorption Spectrophotometry based on the US EPA 3050b method. The highest concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb andÂ Zn in the sediment were 0.73 mg/kg dry weight, 31.4 mg/kg dry weight, 23.9 mg/kg dry weight and 143 mg/kg dryÂ weight, respectively. The metals in the sediment had accumulated near the shoreline, up to ï¬ ve kilometers awayÂ from the river mouth, indicating that terrestrial area and sediment fractions inï¬‚ uenced their distribution.
THE CONDITION OF CORAL REEFS IN WEST BANGKA WATER
Authors: Siringoringo Rikoh Manogar , Hadi Tri Aryono
Published: July 2016

Bangka Island is well known as the worldâ€™s largest tin producer. The inland and offshore tin mining hasÂ profound effects on the coastal environment, resulting in the high sedimentation in the water. Many corals sufferedÂ physiological damage due to low light intensity. The distribution of stony corals and the status of coral reefs wasÂ surveyed at 6 sites in West Bangka waters in October 2012. A total of 72 species of corals belonging to 33 generaÂ and 12 families were found, and 4 species were distributed at all research sites. The live coral coverage was 36% on average and was categorized as being in fair condition. The coverage was 0% at Kamboja Island where the coralsÂ were the most affected by tin mining. The sediment flowed out from tin mining, blocked the light, and settled onÂ the coralsâ€™ surface. Consequently, many corals were buried and the live corals decreased. It is obviously necessaryÂ to reduce and control the tin mining.
AMPHIPOD DISTRIBUTION IN THE SOFT-BOTTOM SUBTIDAL ZONES OF JAVA ISLAND IN RELATION TO SEDIMENT TYPES
Authors: Arfianti Tri , Sihaloho Hendra F. , Purbonegoro Triyoni , Suratno - , Arifin Zainal
Published: July 2016

Amphipods inhabit many marine benthic habitats and have an important ecological role. However, there is a lack of information about Indonesian amphipod diversity and distribution, especially in the shallow subtidal sediments of Probolinggo and Tangerang. During the transition to the monsoon season in September 2014, eight subtidal stations were sampled in Bayeman (Probolinggo) on East Java and seven subtidal stations were sampled in Kramat Kebo (Tangerang) in West Java. A total of 7346 amphipods individuals were collected, comprising five genera. Genus Photis was the most abundant group, followed by Grandidierella and Synchelidium. Multivariate analyses of these data indicated that sampling location and sediment granulometry were major determinants of distribution and composition of amphipods in Probolinggo and Tangerang.
MERCURY AND ARSENIC CONTENT IN SEAFOOD SAMPLES FROM THE JAKARTA FISHING PORT, INDONESIA
Authors: Koesmawati Tiny Agustini , Arifin Zainal
Published: July 2016

Mercury and arsenic are considered to be among the most toxic metals and have been associated with serious adverse health effects. These two trace metals and other contaminants that are found in fish products are therefore of public concern for food-safety reason.  Hence, we selected three marine species to study i.e., yellow fin tuna, marlin and green mussels because of their economic values in the international and local markets. The objective of our study was to determine the arsenic and mercury content in these three marine species as a first step in monitoring metal content in seafood products.  The tissue samples of tuna and marlin were collected from the Jakarta fishing port, while the green mussels was collected from aqua-culture sites in Jakarta Bay.  The metal content was determined by ICP-MS and validated using CRM DORM-2 and DORM-3. The speciation of arsenic (organic and inorganic forms) was determined using HPLC-ICPMS.All measurements were based on dry weight samples. The result showed that the mercury concentration in yellow-fin tuna, marlin and green mussel samples was 0.68 ± 0.08 mg kg-1, 0.56 ± 0.06 mg kg-1 and 1.51 ± 0.10 mg kg-1, respectively. The total arsenic concentration in yellow-fin tuna, marlin and green mussel samples was 3.47 ± 0.21 mg kg-1, 2.71 ± 0.18 mg kg-1, and 6.77 ± 0.32 mg kg-1, respectively.  The mercury content in the fish tissue was below the maximum allowable concentration (National Standard of Indonesia 1.0 mg kg-1), except for the green mussels.  For total arsenic concentration, all the samples were above the national standard concentration (1.0 mg kg-1). The organic arsenic species arsenobetain (AB) found in tuna and marlin fish samples was not toxic. Inorganic and organic arsenic was found in the green mussel samples. Our results suggest that there is a need to establish a national program to regularly monitor the content of selected trace metals in fishery products.
STUDIES ON BEGONIA(BEGONIACEAE) OF THE MOLUCCA ISLANDS I: TWO NEW SPECIES FROM HALMAHERA, INDONESIA AND AN UPDATED DESCRIPTION OF BEGONIA HOLOSERICEA
Authors: Ardi Wisnu H , Kusuma Yayan W . C. , Lewis Carl L. , Risna Rosniati A. , Wiriadinata Harry , Abdo Melissa E. , Thomas Daniel C.
Published: July 2016

Two new species of Begonia, Begonia holosericeoides Ardi & D. C. Thomas and B. aketajawensis Ardi & D. C. Thomas, are described from Aketajawe Lolobata National Park, Halmahera, Indonesia. The two species belong to Begonia section Petermannia. Begonia  holosericea, previously only tentatively assigned to a section, is here assigned to section Petermannia based on the examination of newly available material. Additionally, a revised description and an illustration are provided. A key to the Moluccan species of Begonia is presented.
PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF THE COMMERCIALLY IMPOR- TANT TROPICAL TREE SPECIES, DRYOBALANOPS AROMATICA GAERTN. F. (DIPTEROCARPACEAE) REVEALED BY MICROSATELLITE MARKERS
Authors: Dwiyanti Fifi Gus , Kamiya Koichi , Harada Ko
Published: July 2016

DWIYANTI, F.G., KAMIYA, K. & HARADA, K. 2014. Phylogeographic structure of the commercially important tropical tree species Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. F. (Dipterocarpaceae) revealed by microsatellite markers. Reinwardtia 14(1): 43 – 51. ? Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. F. (Kapur) is an economically important timber species in Southeast Asia that can serve as a good model for studying the impact of the Pleistocene glaciations on the genetic diversity and distribution of species in tropical regions. Seven polymorphic microsatellite markers were analyzed in five natural populations of D. aromatica (N = 120 individuals): Gunung Panti in Malay Peninsula, Lingga Island in Lingga Archipelago, Lambir Hills National Park, Limbang and Similajau National Park in Borneo. The level of gene diversity (HE) for the five populations was relatively high with a range from 0.571 (Similajau) to 0.729 (Gunung Panti). The high genetic diversity in the present study could be attributed to the larger refugia population sizes of D. aromatica than that of other species. The population genetic structure revealed two distinct groups: the Malay Peninsula-Lingga Archipelago and Borneo. This pattern suggests that populations in each geographical area might be the consequence of post-glacial expansion from one or two refugia, but that gene flow between different glacial refugia was fairly restricted.
DO CUTICLE CHARACTERS SUPPORT THE RECOGNITION OF ALSEO- DAPHNE, NOTHAPHOEBE & DEHAASIA AS DISTINCT GENERA?
Authors: Nishida Sachiko , Van der Werff Henk
Published: July 2016

NISHIDA, S. & VAN DER WERFF, H. Do cuticle characters support the recognition of Alseodaphne, Nothaphoebe and Dehaasia as distinct genera? Reinwardtia 14(1): 53 – 66. ? The Asian members of the Persea group are divided among the genera Alseodaphne, Apollonias, Dehaasia, Machilus, Nothaphoebe and Phoebe. A recent phylogenetic analysis has shown that Machilus and Phoebe are supported as monophyletic genera but evidence that the closely related genera Alseodaphne, Dehaasia and Nothaphoebe are monophyletic or not was equivocal. In this study we analyzed cuticle characters of 95 collections belonging to the Asian members except for Apollonias. We anticipated two possible outcomes. If the genera were not monophyletic, we expected that the groups based on cuticle characters would consist of species belonging to different genera. If the genera were monophyletic, we expected that the groups based on cuticle characters would consist of species belonging to the same genus. We found 16 groups based on cuticles. Of these, 12 consisted of species of a single genus (one group included a single species and thus a single genus).  The four mixed groups included mostly species of one genus with 1 or 2 species of a different genus. Our results support the recognition of Alseodaphne, Dehaasia, Machilus, Nothaphoebe and Phoebe as distinct genera.
THE DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF GROUND HERBS IN LOWLAND MIXED DIPTEROCARP FOREST AND HEATH FOREST IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Authors: Zaini Nurul Hazlina , Sukri Rahayu Sukmaria
Published: July 2016

ZAINI, N. H. & SUKRI, R. S. 2014. The diversity and abundance of ground herbs in lowland mixed dipterocarp forest and heath forest in Brunei Darussalam. Reinwardtia 14(1): 73 – 78. ?Herbaceous plants are important components of total plant species richness in tropical forests. Ground herb diversity and abundance were studied in a lowland Mixed Dipterocarp forest (Andulau) and a heath forest (Bukit Sawat) in Brunei Darussalam, Borneo. At each site, all ground herbs in twenty randomly selected 10 x 10 m subplots within a one hectare permanent plot were censused and identified. The study recorded a total of 20 families and 32 genera of ground herbs, with the family Zingiberaceae as the most abundant at both sites. Thirteen genera were recorded only at Andulau and 7 genera were exclusive to Bukit Sawat, with twelve genera common to both sites. Ground herb species richness appear higher at Andulau than Bukit Sawat (37 vs. 29), but this difference was not statistically significant at the subplot level. However, ground herb abundance and density were significantly higher at Bukit Sawat than Andulau (n =  846 vs. 385; 4230 vs. 1925 individuals ha-1). The more open canopy at Bukit Sawat may provide higher light availability here than at Andulau, which is characterised by a closed canopy. We suggest that light availability is the most important environmental factor influencing ground herb density and abundance at these sites.