bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Änderung der Waldinventurmethode im Kanton Graubünden | Modification of the Forest Inventory Method in the Canton of Grisons, Switzerland
Authors: Gordon Riet , Bühler Ueli , Zinggeler Jürg
Published: June 2007

The new planning concept in the canton of Grisons, consisting of regional development plans and local management plans, affects information needs and thus the previous inventory method. Information on forest condition and forest dynamics is needed both at the regional and at the management level. Where the management level is concerned, the information needed is gained by means of a detailed description of each stand.

To support the decision on the future inventory method at the regional level, a pilot inventory was conducted, using the method of the second National Forest Inventory (NFI 2).

The given cost framework enabled a survey in a sample grid of 500 × 500 m to be conducted. The software and the recording equipment of the NFI 2 were used. The variable list of the NFI 2, however, was reduced according to the needs of the canton. In order to reduce the costs, no tariff sample trees were assessed.

The field work for assessing one plot required 8.4 person hours or CHF. 680.–. These values are within the expected range. For the entire area, the costs amounted to CHF. 27.30 per hectare.

The standard error for the total forest area was between 6.0% (Schanfigg) and 6.8% (Val Mustair) and thus rather high. The standard error for the growing stock, the most important variable, was 7.0% and thus within the desired range. The pilot inventory also gave satisfactory results for the growing stock of the main tree species. Based on the sample grid of the NF11, the increase in growing stock could, already with the first regional inventory, be determined more reliably than by the use of the previous sampling design with temporary plots.

The pilot inventory also showed that, with the conditions prevailing in the canton of Grisons, an additional interpretation of aerial photographs is only useful if the variables assessed on the photographs enable a better stratification than the variable tree height class alone.

The experience and the results gained from the pilot inventory are positive. From now on, the canton of Grisons will conduct an inventory on permanent plots in a 500 × 500 m grid, and drop the surveys of temporary sampling plots.
Le Pic tridactyle (Picoides tridactylus): un indicateur de la qualité écologique de l'écosystème forestier du Pays-d'Enhaut (Préalpes suisses) | The Three-Toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus): An Indicator of Ecological Quality in the Forest Ecosystem of the Pays-d'Enhaut Region (Swiss Prealps)
Authors: Derleth Pascale , Bütler Rita , Schlaepfer Rodolphe
Published: June 2007

The three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus)was first observed in the region of Pays-d'Enhaut ten years ago and is a great specialist of dead wood. This species is a suitable indicator for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of ecological forest quality. The investigation results originating from five spruce mountain forests where the bird is present and three forests where it is assert are inventoried in the Pays-d'Enhaut region of Switzerland. The results suggest that the emergence of the woodpecker population could be due to under-management of the forest over the last forty years. The dead wood volumes in the forest with the woodpecker are similar to those of other unmanaged European forests. Forests situated above 1400 m above sea-level are recommended to be considered as ‹forest reserves›, whereas in managed forests up to an altitude of 1400 m, all trees with woodpecker's beakmarks and all snags with DBH over 30 cm should be left.
Ligneux à usages multiples dans les systèmes agraires tropicaux: une étude de cas de Côte d'Ivoire | Multipurpose Trees in Tropical Agricultural Systems: a Case Study from Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Mollet Matthias , Téré Henri , Herzog Felix
Published: June 2007

The potential of multipurpose tree species as sources of non-timber forest products (NTFP) in the Centre and East of Côte d'Ivoire and their introduction into the agricultural systems were analysed in order to stabilise,diversify and intensify the local agricultural production in a sustainable way. The species with a special interest for the local population were identified and assessed among 25 NTFP tree species of 44 coffee and cocoa plantations. Five feasible agroforestry systems are proposed.
Approvisionnement et consommation de bois de service d'une commune rurale du sud du Mali – Approche socioéconomique et forestière de la problématique «bois de service» | Wood Provisioning and Usage within a Rural Municipality in Southern Mali – The Issue of Workable Timber with Regard to Socio-Economics and Forestry
Authors: Cuny Pascal , Mauderli Ueli
Published: June 2007

In Southern Mali, forestry levies are increasing year by year while the supply of timber is drastically diminishing in quantity and quality. This study aims at investigating wood provisioning, describing its use and importance of forestry production within five individual areas of a rural municipality and thus proposing new perspectives in the field of research and development.
Entwicklung und Behandlung der Wälder in Appenzell Ausserrhoden | Development and Treatment of Forests in Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Authors: Ettlinger Peter
Published: June 2007

The forests of the canton of Appenzell A.Rh. are mostly made up of silver fir and beech. Early settlements drove the forest back and up on to the steeper slopes. The industrialisation in the 18th and 19th centuries coupled with a growing population produced an additional uncontrolled cutting of the forest. By 1860 the composition of the stand of the remaining forest was entirely young trees. Private organisations, joined later by the canton, started a decades long lasting reforestation, for the main part with spruce. In order to increase growing stock the forestry services limited harvesting. In time this policy produced the extensive uniform appearance of today's forest with its often unfittingly stocked sites. On the other hand, efforts made over the past 40 years to introduce a naturalistic silviculture are becoming visible. At the present time the yield is not even half of the growth, even though the potential could now be used to the full. This is due, in part, to unfavourable economic circumstances but also to the high proportion of small tracts of privately-owned forest which makes up 67% of the forest area. The current inappreciative attitude towards the forest will only be overcome in Appenzellerland – as anywhere else – when the value of the forest in all its diverse achievements,as well as the value of its wood are recognised and respected by the general public.
Betriebsergebnisse 1992 bis 2000 der öffentlichen Forstbetriebe im Kanton Appenzell Ausserrhoden | Annual Financial Results 1992–2000 of Public Forest Enterprises in the Canton Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Authors: Burri Roland , Sommerhalder Robert
Published: June 2007

For some years forest enterprises have had an instrument at their disposal to make costs transparent with the accounting model, BAR, developed at the ETH Zurich. After 1989 the Swiss Forestry Union introduced the BAR programme in many forest enterprises. It enables the directors to manage the enterprises on economical lines and enables them to justify costs to the public administration. A good accounting system helps management decisions. As a management and planning instrument,forestry accounting will become even more important in the future.

The public forestry administration in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden have been using the BAR programme since 1992. Financial results for the years 1992 to 2000 are shown and commented on in the paper. Costs were considerably lower in the area of wood production. The cost for other charges, such as forest duties, advice to private forest owners,protection, charity etc., led to a considerable increase in overall costs.
Luchsumsiedlung in die Nordostschweiz (Luno) | Lynx Resettlement in Northeast Switzerland (Luno)
Authors: Meier Robert
Published: June 2007

In line with the concept of the programme Lynx Switzerland(Luno) a long-term viable preservation of the lynx populations is to be assured. The concept also includes settling lynx in new,not yet populated areas. In December 2000 the cantons of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, St. Gall,Thurgovie and Zurich gave their consent to the resettlement of the lynx in northeastern Switzerland. In a first step six lynx from western Switzerland were resettled between February and April 2001.
Rauhfusshühner im Appenzellerland: Vorkommen, Bestandesentwicklung und Schutzmassnahmen | Grouse in Appenzellerland: Occurrence, development of population and protective measures
Authors: Rudmann Franz , Meile Peter , Knüsel Franziska , Sommerhalder Robert
Published: June 2007

The capercaillie population in northeastern Switzerland is of great importance for the survival of this species on the northern slopes of the alps. Until the 1950s the population was deemed sufficient. Changes in the landscape since then have led to a strong reduction in numbers and its isolation into small groups, which has often led to extinction. At the present time,the black grouse seems to be headed the same way. Hazel hen are probably extinct in Appenzell Ausserrhoden and have become very rare in Appenzell Innerrhoden and Toggenburg. The population of rock ptarmigan at Alpstein is also rapidly dwindling.

With the Protection Order and Protection Plan for the marshland on Schwägalp, especially with the path order set out therein, the canton Appenzell Ausserrhoden has taken the first step towards regulating and controlling tourist activity. In addition to the reduction of disturbances, an effective control of predators is called for (foxes, carrion crows, common ravens). Comprehensive measures are needed, especially silvicultural measures, to join together the often too small populations of capercaillie and to increase the quality of their habitat.
Zum Schutz der Moorlandschaft Schwägalp unter besonderer Betrachtung des Teils im Kanton Appenzell A.Rh. | The protection of the Schwägalp marshes with special emphasis on those parts belonging to the canton Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Authors: Meier Robert , Sommerhalder Robert , Meile Peter
Published: June 2007

The Schwägalp marshes stretch out over the cantons of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden and St. Gall and cover a total of around 330 ha lowland marsh and 20 ha highland marsh. Schwägalp lies principally in the hands of corporations. The co-operative management system of alp and forests in canton Appenzell Ausserrhoden is a particluar exception.

The Protection Order and Protection Plan for the protection of marshland, enacted by canton Appenzell Ausserrhoden on 25th Oktober 2000, includes the forests in its nature protection goals. The especially valuable forests surrounding the marshes,notably mountain pine forests, are now better protected. The areas of stocked meadow have been eliminated. With the introduction of path regulations in areas susceptible to disturbance,the habitats of grouse and other endangered animal species have improved. With the enactment of the Protection Order and Protection Plan together with the path regulations,canton Appenzell Ausserrhoden has taken initial steps towards controlling tourist development.

In the cantons of Appenzell Innerrhoden and, partially, in St. Gall a round-the-year prohibition of paths in areas susceptible to disturbance, has been implemented.
Geologische Anmerkungen zu den Exkursionen anlässlich der Jahresversammlung des Schweizerischen Forstvereins 2001 in Herisau | Geological notes about excursions that will take place on the occasion of the annual meeting 2001 of the Swiss Forest Society
Authors: Heierli Hans
Published: June 2007

The geology of the excursion area in the region of St. Gallen,Appenzell and the St. Gallen Rheintal is characterized by clear morphological differences, found between the precipitous northern side of the Alpstein and the projecting hills, which consists of molasse (sedimentary deposits). The eastern slope falls stepwise towards the Rheintal. The lower Rheintal, a valley,was formed when a piece of the earth's crust subsided. The Alpstein, which consists primarily of limestone, is traversed by numerous cross faults and systems of caves and is characterized by «acid» rain. Based on the panoramic view from the peak of the Säntis, the geological characteristics are described. Following each of the five excursions, the respective, most striking features of the topography, the main features of the panorama,rock formations, effects of glaciers, deposits, weathering and erosion as well as differences in the vegetation are described.
Flusskorridore und Auenstrukturen im schweizerischen Mittelland (nördliches Alpenvorland) | River corridors and alluvial structures in Central Switzerland (northern sub-alpine area)
Authors: Schenker André , Zumsteg Markus
Published: June 2007

Long-term spatial variation of river channel distribution in this alluvial valley zone is described for two examples by analysing historical maps covering a period of over 300 years. Such a time series enables the identification of the occupied river corridor or«Pendelband». Two river sections in northern Switzerland were chosen, one of the Aare river and one of the Reuss river to analyse the spatial evolution of the river channels over time, as well as alluvial structures. Knowledge of the river corridor as an historical reference give us an important guideline when developing appropriate regional measures for river restoration projects.
Dynamik des Totholzes in zwei gemischten Urwäldern der Westkarpaten im pflanzengeographischen Bereich der Tannen-Buchen- und der Buchenwälder in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien | Deadwood dynamics in two mixed virgin forests in the West Carpathians in the phytogeographic domain of pure beech and mixed fir-beech forests
Authors: Saniga Milan , Schütz Jean-Philippe
Published: June 2007

An analysis was carried out, over a period of 40 years, of the dynamics of deadwood in two mixed virgin forests in the West Carpathians in the phytogeographic domain of pure beech and mixed fir-beech forests. Deadwood (expressed as % of dendromass, i.e. living and dead biomass) is subject to great variations at different evolutive phases. The relation between deadwood and living biomass in the aggradation phase (juvenile growing phase)is 1:2 in the Badín forest and varies between 1:2 and 1:3 in the Dobroč forest, while a maximum is reached in the optimal phase with a variation between 1:5 and 1:6.
Quantità e qualità della massa legnosa ottenibile da un ceduo di castagno invecchiato | Quantitative and Qualitative Recording of Wood Volume from an Over-Aged Chestnut Coppice Forest
Authors: Fonti Patrick , Giudici Fulvio
Published: June 2007

In the following case study quantitative and qualitative data about the timber were recorded from a typical chestnut coppice forest from the region South of the Alps in Switzerland. Bases were defined for the grading of poles an timber wood – including thin diameters – from chestnut to assess the products from timber cuts.
Aperçu de la gestion des hêtraies en Bulgarie | The management of beech forests in Bulgaria
Authors: Stiptzov Vassil , Kostov Guéorgui
Published: June 2007

We give a critical overview of the management of high-lying beech forests in Bulgaria for two periods during the 20th century. The work is part of a Bulgarian-Swiss joint project entitled«Sustainable and nature-friendly forest management». We address questions of timber use from the point of view of a modern concept for a sustainable and diversified management of beech forests. The most important conclusions of the work are the necessity of completing forestry laws, the liberalisation of the silvicultural systems used in beech forests, and in raising public awareness of forest activities in order to justify their value and diverse effects, especially of beech forests.
Der Zuger Wald und sein Umfeld | Situation of the forest in Canton Zug
Authors: Winkler Martin
Published: June 2007

Canton of Zug, the smallest of Switzerland's «undivided» cantons,is situated between the central plain and the pre-alpine region. With a population of 106,000 it is densely inhabited. The geological foundations comprise subalpine and central plain sedimentary layers, often covered with moraine. The Canton's topography, rates of precipitation, soil composition,average temperatures and expositions are very varied. This is why the forests in Canton Zug contain many different species of trees. In the wake of clearing, over-exploitation and intensive grazing in the 19th century the boundaries of the forests were driven back and they provided fewer supplies. Owing to the afforestation of large areas and careful exploitation policies,forest now covers 6,300 ha. The result is the existence of forests rich in growth and supplies, 71% of which are under public ownership. Canton Zug is a dynamic economic region with an over-average, almost explosive, development. Many forests are managed in accordance with criteria that support sustainable management–also for reasons of a rational management of the forest. A high intensity of exploitation is aimed for, whereby at least the increment of wood is harvested.
Waldrichtplanung im Kanton Zug | Forest management planning in Canton Zug
Authors: Heynisch Werner
Published: June 2007

In order to meet the population's current and future needs,forest management planning needs to ensure the sustainable development of the forest in the long term. Basic conditions for a sustainable development of the forest are set out in officially binding planning regulations. Goals and measures are established in the area of wood production, natural hazards, forest conservation, recreational activities and environment to fulfil the tasks stipulated in the planning regulations. In its turn, the forest planning map shows those forests that are especially important for natural hazard protection, forest conservation and recreational activities. Areas with a «low level of integration» are designated on the map. The adoption of the forest management plan by the government or the Cantonal Council is outstanding.
Wald und Gesundheit | Forests and health
Authors: Appenzeller-Winterberger Claudia , Kaufmann-Hayoz Ruth
Published: June 2007

The present article throws light on both the functions assigned to the forests in Switzerland and the connection between forests and human health and well-being. On the basis of the review study by GASSER & KAUFMANN-HAYOZ (2005), we then illustrate in which scientific fields, research, initiatives and projects exist. This overview shows that forests in Switzerland are considered to have important health-promoting influences. It also becomes evident that more intensive research into the connection between forests and human health would be worthwhile.
Defining Roles and Responsibilities of the Health Workforce to Respond to the Climate Crisis
Authors: Sorensen Cecilia J. , Fried Linda P.
Published: March 2024

Importance

The adverse effects of climate change are now apparent, disproportionately affecting marginalized and vulnerable populations and resulting in urgent worldwide calls to action. Health professionals occupy a critical position in the response to climate change, including in climate mitigation and adaptation, and their professional expertise and roles as health messengers are currently underused in the society-wide response to this crisis.

Observations

Clinical and public health professionals have important roles and responsibilities, some of which are shared, that they must fill for society to successfully mitigate the root causes of climate change and build a health system that can reduce morbidity and mortality impacts from climate-related hazards. When viewed through a preventive framework, the unique and synergizing roles and responsibilities provide a blueprint for investment in climate change–related prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary), capacity building, education, and training of the health workforce. Substantial investment in increasing the competence and collaboration of health professionals is required, which must be undertaken in an urgent, coordinated, and deliberate manner.

Conclusions and Relevance

Exceptional collaboration, knowledge sharing, and workforce capacity building are essential to tackle the complex ways in which climate change threatens health. This framework serves as a guide for health system leaders, education institutions, policy planners, and others seeking to create a more resilient and just health system.
Data‐driven disturbance compensation control for discrete‐time systems based on reinforcement learning
Authors: Li Lanyue , Li Jinna , Cao Jiangtao
Published: March 2024

In this article, a self‐learning disturbance compensation control method is developed, which enables the unknown discrete‐time (DT) systems to achieve performance optimization in the presence of disturbances. Different from traditional model‐based and data‐driven state feedback control methods, the developed off‐policy Q‐learning algorithm updates the state feedback controller parameters and the compensator parameters by actively interacting with the unknown environment, thus the approximately optimal tracking can be realized using only data. First, an optimal tracking problem for a linear DT system with disturbance is formulated. Then, the design for controller is achieved by solving a zero‐sum game problem, leading to an off‐policy disturbance compensation Q‐learning algorithm with only a critic structure, which uses data to update disturbance compensation controller gains, without the knowledge of system dynamics. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations.
CNN‐based defect detection in manufacturing
Authors: Hou Ming , Li Pengcheng , Cheng Shiqi , Yv Jingyao
Published: March 2024

This research introduces an advanced algorithm based on convolutional neural networks for the detection and categorization of surface defects in manufacturing processes. At its core, the algorithm employs a deep learning model that integrates residual networks and attention mechanisms to effectively extract features. Additionally, we have developed a novel feature selection method, named NR, which synergistically combines neighborhood component analysis and ReliefF techniques. This approach enables the selection of more representative deep features for subsequent analysis. For the classification task, we utilize the support vector machine technique, which demonstrates versatility in handling both binary and multi‐class classification scenarios. The reliability and superiority of our algorithm are further validated through a comparative analysis using a dataset specifically tailored for this context. The results indicate that our approach outperforms existing algorithms in accurately identifying manufacturing defects.
A Universal and Versatile Hole Transport Layer “Activator” Enables Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Near 25%
Authors: Zhao Rongjun , Wu Tai , Huang Rong , Wang Yude , Hua Yong
Published: March 2024

Organic small molecules have been proven to be the most efficient and predominantly employed hole transport layers (HTLs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the reliance of HTLs on additives like Li‐TFSI has been unavoidable, particularly in terms of the well‐known Spiro‐OMeTAD. However, Li‐TFSI aggregation in HTL results in the decreased performance and stability of PSCs with serious hysteresis. It is an urgent need to explore a universal strategy to solve Li‐TFSI‐induced issues. Herein, a pyrene‐based organic semiconductor (PC) as an effective and universal additive for HTL application is developed. It is found that the introduction of PC can efficiently improve the hot carriers extraction/transfer and reduce the charge recombination in the device. Consequently, PSCs based on Spiro‐OMeTAD+PC as a HTL exhibit an excellent PCE of 24.80% with a negligible hysteresis, much higher than the control device (22.14%). Additionally, the efficiency of the PC incorporated into another well‐known X60 HTL‐treated device is enhanced to 24.12% from the control device (22.04%), confirming its universal application in PSCs. Moreover, PC can effectively suppress the Li+ aggregation in HTL, and the unencapsulated PSCs exhibit high stability. The findings in this work provide an effective and universal avenue to construct highly efficient and stable PSCs.
Sub‐2 nm IrRuNiMoCo High‐Entropy Alloy with Iridium‐Rich Medium‐Entropy Oxide Shell to Boost Acidic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Yao Longping , Zhang Fengru , Yang Shuai , Zhang Hui , Li Yuze , Yang Chenlu , Yang Hui , Cheng Qingqing
Published: March 2024

Ensuring high catalytic activity and durability at low iridium (Ir)usage is still a big challenge for the development of electrocatalysts toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). Here, a rapid liquid‐reduction combined with surface galvanic replacement strategy is reported to synthesize the sub 2 nm high‐entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles featured with Ir‐rich IrRuNiMo medium‐entropy oxide shell (Ir‐MEO) and a IrRuCoNiMo HEA core (HEA@Ir‐MEO). Advanced spectroscopies reveal that the Ir‐rich MEO shell inhibits the severe structural evolution of transition metals upon the OER, thus guaranteeing the structural stability. In situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, activation energy analysis and theoretical calculations unveil that the OER on HEA@Ir‐MEO follows an adsorbate evolution mechanism pathway, where the energy barrier of rate‐determining step is substantially lowered. The optimized catalyst delivers the excellent performance (1.85 V/3.0 A cm−2@80 °C), long‐term stability (>500 h@1.0 Acm−2), and low energy consumption (3.98 kWh Nm−3 H2 @1.0 A cm−2) in PEMWE with low Ir usage of ≈0.4 mg cm−2, realizing the dramatical reduction of hydrogen (H2) production cost to 0.88 dollar per kg (H2).
Bottom‐Up Synthesized Glucan Materials: Opportunities from Applied Biocatalysis
Authors: Zhong Chao , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: March 2024

Linear d‐glucans are natural polysaccharides of simple chemical structure. They are comprised of d‐glucosyl units linked by a single type of glycosidic bond. Noncovalent interactions within, and between, the d‐glucan chains give rise to a broad variety of macromolecular nanostructures that can assemble into crystalline‐organized materials of tunable morphology. Structure design and functionalization of d‐glucans for diverse material applications largely relies on top‐down processing and chemical derivatization of naturally derived starting materials. The top‐down approach encounters critical limitations in efficiency, selectivity, and flexibility. Bottom‐up approaches of d‐glucan synthesis offer different, and often more precise, ways of polymer structure control and provide means of functional diversification widely inaccessible to top‐down routes of polysaccharide material processing. Here the natural and engineered enzymes (glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases and phosphorylases, glycosynthases) for d‐glucan polymerization are described and the use of applied biocatalysis for the bottom‐up assembly of specific d‐glucan structures is shown. Advanced material applications of the resulting polymeric products are further shown and their important role in the development of sustainable macromolecular materials in a bio‐based circular economy is discussed.
Mechanochemical Mitsunobu Reactions
Authors: Williams Matthew T. J. , Adarve Cardona Laura , Bolm Carsten
Published: March 2024

A Mitsunobu process performed under neat grinding conditions, using a mixer mill, is reported. It proceeds in the absence of reaction solvent and in short reactions times (10–20 min). A broad substrate scope encompassing primary and secondary alcohols, as well as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon‐centered nucleophiles is demonstrated. Application to the functionalization of a selection of APIs is shown, also. The developed process is amenable to scale up on a planetary ball‐mill, yielding over 2 grams of product. Finally, a representative alcohol is inverted with excellent stereoselectivity.
SAEM systematic online academic resource (SOAR) review: Gastrointestinal illnesses
Authors: Zhao Lisa , Tom Sabrina , Patel Neil , Fermin Patricia , Pedigo Ryan , Bae Shirley Whiinh , Jung JooYeon , Chan Teresa , Hsiao Jonie
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives

Free open access medical education (FOAM) has become an essential tool for emergency medicine (EM) education and can be valuable to clinicians as a point‐of‐care resource. The development of the revised Medical Education Translational Resources Impact and Quality (rMETRIQ) tool provides a standardized means of quality assessment. Previous entries of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine systematic online academic resource (SOAR) series have focused on renal, endocrine, and sickle cell disorders. In this iteration, we strive to identify, curate, and describe FOAM topics specific to acute gastrointestinal (GI) illnesses.

Methods

We searched 389 keywords across 11 GI topics that were modified from the 2019 Model of the Clinical Practice of EM (EM Model) using the search engine Google FOAM and within the top 50 websites listed on Academic Life in Emergency Medicine's Social Media Index. The sites underwent preliminary screening to eliminate resources that were not relevant to EM or GI illnesses. Identified resources were evaluated with the rMETRIQ tool by five board‐certified EM physicians who received rMETRIQ tool rater training.

Results

After duplicates of the initial 39,505 resources were eliminated, 8059 remained. Primary screening resulted in a final 1202 resources. The most common categories were large bowel (18%), small bowel (13%), stomach (11%), esophagus (11%), biliary (11%), and liver (10%). Many resources covered multiple topics and subtopics. The final mean intraclass correlation coefficient among the five physicians was 0.95 (95% CI 0.92–0.98) for rMETRIQ scoring. We identified 256 sites considered “high quality” with a rMETRIQ score of 16 or higher as designated in prior reviews.

Conclusions

This iteration of the SOAR review resulted in the highest number of high‐quality resources compared to other SOAR reviews, with 21% of resources thus far scoring ≥ 16. A final list of high‐quality resources can guide trainees, educator recommendations, and FOAM authors.
RNA analysis and computer‐aided facial phenotyping help to classify a novel TRIO splice site variant
Authors: Schwartzmann Sarina , Zhao Max , Sczakiel Henrike Lisa , Hildebrand Gabriele , Ehmke Nadja , Horn Denise , Mensah Martin A. , Boschann Felix
Published: March 2024

Pathogenic variants in TRIO, encoding the guanine nucleotide exchange factor, are associated with two distinct neurodevelopmental delay phenotypes: gain‐of‐function missense mutations within the spectrin repeats are causative for a severe developmental delay with macrocephaly (MIM: 618825), whereas loss‐of‐function missense variants in the GEF1 domain and truncating variants throughout the gene lead to a milder developmental delay and microcephaly (MIM: 617061). In three affected family members with mild intellectual disability/NDD and microcephaly, we detected a novel heterozygous TRIO variant at the last coding base of exon 31 (NM_007118.4:c.4716G>A). RNA analysis from patient‐derived lymphoblastoid cells confirmed aberrant splicing resulting in the skipping of exon 31 (r.4615_4716del), leading to an in‐frame deletion in the first Pleckstrin homology subdomain of the GEF1 domain: p.(Thr1539_Lys1572del). To test for a distinct gestalt, facial characteristics of the family members and 41 previously published TRIO cases were systematically evaluated via GestaltMatcher. Computational analysis of the facial gestalt suggests a distinguishable facial TRIO‐phenotype not outlined in the existing literature.
Reply to the Comments on Planar Tetracoordinate Hydrogen: Pushing the Limit of Multicentre Bonding
Authors: Kalita Amlan J. , Rohman Shahnaz S. , Sahu Prem P. , Guha Ankur Kanti
Published: March 2024

Recently, Huo et al. has commented on our communication (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2024, 63, e202317312, DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317312), regarding the multireference character (MRC) of our proposed cluster. Their argument is based on small HOMO–LUMO gap, fractional occupation density (FOD) and CASPT2(12,13) calculations. They also proposed that the singlet planar In4H+ cluster cannot be observed. We present our calculations which reveals that some of their arguments are based on wrong interpretation of data and inadequate use of methodology. While we certainly agree with the strong physical ground of FOD, CASSF and CASPT2 methodology, we believe that such analysis for clusters is not adequate.
Electro/Ni Dual‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative C(sp3)−C(sp2) Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Carboxylates and Aryl Bromide
Authors: Luo Jian , Davenport Michael T. , Ess Daniel H. , Liu T. Leo
Published: March 2024

Paired redox‐neutral electrolysis offers an attractive green platform for organic synthesis by avoiding sacrificial oxidants and reductants. Carboxylates are non‐toxic, stable, inexpensive, and widely available, making them ideal nucleophiles for C−C cross‐coupling reactions. Here, we report the electro/Ni dual‐catalyzed redox‐neutral decarboxylative C(sp3)−C(sp2) cross‐coupling reactions of pristine carboxylates with aryl bromides. At a cathode, a NiII(Ar)(Br) intermediate is formed through the activation of Ar−Br bond by a NiI‐bipyridine catalyst and subsequent reduction. At an anode, the carboxylates, including amino acid, benzyl carboxylic acid, and 2‐phenoxy propionic acid, undergo oxidative decarboxylation to form carbon‐based free radicals. The combination of NiII(Ar)(Br) intermediate and carbon radical results in the formation of C(sp3)−C(sp2) cross‐coupling products. The adaptation of this electrosynthesis method to flow synthesis and valuable molecule synthesis was demonstrated. The reaction mechanism was systematically studied through electrochemical voltammetry and density functional theory (DFT) computational studies. The relationships between the electrochemical properties of carboxylates and the reaction selectivity were revealed. The electro/Ni dual‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions described herein expand the chemical space of paired electrochemical C(sp3)−C(sp2) cross‐coupling and represent a promising method for the construction of the C(sp3)−C(sp2) bonds because of the ubiquitous carboxylate nucleophiles and the innate scalability and flexibility of electrochemical flow‐synthesis technology.
Statistical physics modelling of adsorption isotherms of water vapour on shale: Stereographic, energetic and thermodynamic investigations
Authors: Duan Shuo , Shen Shiyu , Li Guodong , Ling Xiangyang , Shen Pengfei
Published: March 2024

Understanding the mechanisms of shale–water interaction by water vapour adsorption is crucial for predicting shale gas productivity. In this study, equilibrium adsorption data of water vapour on four different shales of the Sichuan Basin at three temperatures (298, 308, and 318 K) were measured using static gravity techniques. The water vapour adsorption isotherms were simulated by three statistical physics models. Steric parameters, including the number of water vapour molecules adsorbed per site (n), monolayer adsorption amount (q0), and adsorption energy (ΔEa), and thermodynamic parameters such as configuration entropy (Sa), internal energy (Eint), and free energy (Ga) derived from the selected model were used to explain the adsorption mechanism. The model analyses suggest that the adsorbed water vapour molecules are attached to the shale surface in a multi‐anchorage manner. The adsorption of the first layer shows a Type I characteristics, while the adsorption of the subsequent layer is of Type III. The calculated adsorption energies indicate that the physical adsorption takes place on the water vapour molecules on the shale, and the main interaction forces are hydrophilic bonding forces and van der Waals forces. Negative Eint and Ga values indicate that the spontaneous properties are for water vapour adsorption and that the system requires the release of energy to capture the water vapour molecules.
Market analysis of coupled biochar and carbon credit production from wildfire fuel reduction projects in the western USA
Authors: Elias Micah , Sanchez Daniel L. , Saksa Phil , Hunt Josiah , Remucal Jonathan
Published: March 2024

The investment potential for biochar production from low‐value forest biomass in the western USA is over USD 20 billion at current carbon prices. This investment could generate approximately 70 million carbon credits annual – roughly the same number currently generated globally by all forestry and agricultural carbon projects. Biochar production that utilizes woody biomass specifically from wildfire fuel thinning projects as a feedstock can contribute financially to much‐needed fuel thinning projects. Each coupled biochar and carbon credit production system has positive returns in certain scenarios. Light upgrades to existing biopower facilities have the highest returns, with internal rates of return generally between 10–30%. Mobile biochar production often had the lowest returns. However, land managers can subsidize mobile biochar production up to USD 150–300 per tonne of biochar and still save money in comparison with pile‐burning low‐value biomass while also generating approximately one carbon credit for every two bone‐dry tonnes of low‐value biomass turned to biochar. The critical barrier to industry growth is the lack of transparent biomass supply chains that enable long‐term contracting for feedstock, production schedules, and investment. Moving forward, there are three potential pathways for the biochar industry to scale and utilize biomass from forest management and fuel thinning projects. Either (1) the carbon market will need to sustain high carbon prices, (2) a subsidy or other mechanism will need to decrease the cost of feedstock biomass, or (3) production will need to take advantage of economies of scale to bring down biochar prices while increasing production.
Studies of thermoluminescence properties of liquid crystalline N‐phenyl substituted phenyl polysiloxane hydroxamic acids
Authors: Pandya Nirav , Sharma Chandramauly , Desai Gaurangi , Agrawal Yadvendra
Published: March 2024

The investigation of thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves in liquid crystalline side chain N‐phenyl‐substituted phenyl polysiloxane hydroxamic acids (PHAs) has yielded significant insights. These polymers demonstrated TL behavior when exposed to β‐radiation between 0 and 220°C, indicating inherent luminescent properties when irradiated. Notably, a dose‐dependent relationship was observed in reported derivatized polymers; this study elucidates the diverse TL characteristics exhibited by various liquid crystalline side chain N‐phenyl‐substituted phenyl PHAs when exposed to β‐radiation. Understanding these dose‐dependent and dose‐independent behaviors enhances the knowledge of their luminescent properties and potential applications in radiation detection.
Surface Segregation Studies in Ternary Noble Metal Alloys: Comparing DFT and Machine Learning with Experimental Data
Authors: Broderick Kirby , Burnley Robert A. , Gellman Andrew J. , Kitchin John R.
Published: March 2024

Surface segregation, whereby the surface composition of an alloy differs systematically from the bulk, has historically been hard to study, because it requires experimental and modeling methods that span alloy composition space. In this work, we study surface segregation in catalytically relevant noble and platinum‐group metal alloys with a focus on three ternary systems: AgAuCu, AuCuPd, and CuPdPt. We develop a data set of 2478 fcc slabs with those compositions including all three low‐index crystallographic orientations relaxed with Density Functional Theory using the PBEsol functional with D3 dispersion corrections. We fine‐tune a machine learning model on this data and use the model in a series of 1800 Monte Carlo simulations spanning ternary composition space for each surface orientation and ternary chemical system. The results of these simulations are validated against prior experimental surface segregation data collected using composition spread alloy films for AgAuCu and AuCuPd. Our findings reveal that simulations conducted using the (110) orientation most closely match experimentally observed surface segregation trends, and while predicted trends qualitatively match observation, biases in the PBEsol functional limit numeric accuracy. This study advances understanding of surface segregation and the utility of computational studies and highlights the need for further improvements in simulation accuracy.
Interleaved bidirectional DC–DC converter with single‐phase high‐frequency isolation for the wide range of industrial applications
Authors: El Kattel Menaouar Berrehil , Nogueira Cavalcante Kassio Derek , Praça Paulo Peixoto , Oliveira Junior Demercil de Souza , Marcelo Antunes Fernando Luiz
Published: March 2024

This paper outlines the development of an interleaved bidirectional DC–DC converter featuring single‐phase high‐frequency isolation and employing two distinct pulse width modulations (PWMs), one for each power flow direction. The analysis of converter stages, expressions for DC voltage gains, and voltage/current stresses in continuous conduction mode are presented. The proposed converter offers several advantages, including a new modulation approach, a current ripple frequency, and voltage in two ports that are four times higher than the switching frequency. Additionally, it entails a reduction in the volume and weight of passive elements and ensures balanced current distribution between the arms. Moreover, the single‐phase transformer offers galvanic isolation between the DC bus and the battery or supercapacitor. An experimental prototype has been implemented in the laboratory to validate the mathematical and theoretical analysis for both energy flow directions under the test conditions, with a converter‐rated power of 2.5 kW, a low voltage side of 180 V, and a high voltage side of 380 V.
Selective Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Dimerization of Styrenes and Acrylates in Molten Tetrabutylammonium Acetate as an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Aloia Andrea , Casiello Michele , Nacci Angelo , Monopoli Antonio
Published: March 2024

A method for the selective dimerization of styrenes and acrylates has been developed. The reaction is catalyzed by a very low amount of palladium acetate in molten tetrabutylammonium acetate without the need for any additional ligand. The use of this method enabled the coupling of substituted vinyl arenes in reasonable yields to give exclusively the (E,E)‐1,4‐diarylbutadiene motif within 7–10 h. Acrylates, on the other hand, exhibit higher reactivity, and the use of dibutyl acrylate resulted in the quantitative synthesis of dibutyl 2‐methyleneglutarate in less than 2 h. This selectivity is unprecedented in the literature. The role of the ionic liquid and the different catalytic pathways involved in the two processes were also elucidated.
Dielectric properties of human macrophages are altered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Johnson Matthew P. , Lauterkorn Nira , Lewis Rebecca , Labeed Fatima H. , Hingley‐Wilson Suzanne M. , Hughes Michael Pycraft
Published: March 2024

The analysis of cell electrophysiology for pathogenic samples at BSL3 can be problematic. It is virtually impossible to isolate infected from uninfected without a label, for example green fluorescent protein, which can potentially alter the cell electrical properties. Furthermore, the measurement of highly pathogenic organisms often requires equipment dedicated only for use with these organisms due to safety considerations. To address this, we have used dielectrophoresis to study the electrical properties of the human THP‐1 cell line and monocyte‐derived macrophages before and after infection with non‐labelled Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection with these highly pathogenic bacilli resulted in changes including a raised surface conductance (associated with reduced zeta potential) and increased capacitance, suggesting an increase in surface roughness. We have also investigated the effect of fixation on THP‐1 cells as a means to enable study on fixed samples in BSL1 or 2 laboratories, which suggests that the properties of these cells are largely unaffected by the fixation process. This advance results in a novel technique enabling the isolation of infected and non‐infected cells in a sample without labelling.
Accessibility, availability and common practices regarding genetic testing for epilepsy across Europe: A survey of the European Reference Network EpiCARE
Authors: Papadopoulou Maria T. , Muccioli Lorenzo , Bisulli Francesca , Klotz Kerstin Alexandra , Fons Carmen , Trivisano Marina , Kabulashvili Teia , Specchio Nicola , Lesca Gaetan , Arzimanoglou Alexis
Published: March 2024

Objective

The increasingly rapid pace of advancement in genetic testing may lead to inequalities in technical and human resources with a negative impact on optimal epilepsy clinical practice. In this view, the European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare and Complex Epilepsies EpiCARE conducted a survey addressing several aspects of accessibility, availability, costs, and standard practices on genetic testing across ERN EpiCARE centers.

Methods

An online Google form was sent to 70 representatives of ERN EpiCARE centers. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis were used for data presentation.

Results

We received 45 responses (1/center) representing 23 European countries with a better representation of Western Europe. Forty‐five percent of the centers did not have access to all available types of genetic testing, mainly reflecting the limited availability of whole‐genome sequencing (WGS). Thirty‐five percent of centers report cost coverage only for some of the available tests, while costs per test varied significantly (interquartile range IQR ranging from 150 to 1173 euros per test across centers). Urgent genetic testing is available in 71.7% of countries (time‐to‐urgent result: 2 day to 2 months). The average time‐to‐result of specific tests in case of non‐urgent prescription has a significant variance across centers, with the biggest range observed for whole‐exome sequencing (6–128 weeks, IQR: 27 weeks). The percentage of agreement among the experts regarding the choice of genetic test at first intention in specific clinical situations was in all cases less than 50 percent (34.9% to 47% according to the proposed scenarios).

Significance

Costs, time to deliver the results to the clinician, and type of first‐line genetic testing vary widely across Europe, even in countries where ERN EpiCARE centers are present. Increased availability of genetic tests and guidance for optimal test choices in epilepsy remains essential to avoid diagnostic delays and excess health costs.

Plain Language Summary

The survey of the ERN EpiCARE highlights disparities in genetic testing for epilepsy across 45 ERN EpiCARE centers in 23 European countries. The findings reveal variable access to certain genetic tests, with lowest access to WGS. Costs and time‐to‐results vary widely. Urgent genetic testing is available in 71.7% of countries. Agreement among experts on first‐line genetic tests for specific patient scenarios is below 50%. The study emphasizes the need for improved test availability and guidance to avoid diagnostic delays and unnecessary costs. EpiCARE has the mission to contribute in homogenizing best practices across Europe.