bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Interview with Carolyn M. Callahan
Authors: Kirschenbaum Robert J.
Published: July 2017

This is the conclusion of Robert Kirschenbaum's interview with Carolyn Callahan. Dr. Callahan is Professor of Educational Studies, Curry School of Education at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. She is Director of the University of Virginia Enrichment Program. She has been the Editor of the Journal for the Education of the Gifted, President of the Association for the Gifted, and is currently on the Board of Directors for the National Association for Gifted Children.

She is on the editorial board of several journals in the field of gifted education. Her publications have often focused on the education of gifted females and the evaluation of gifted programs. In addition, she was chosen as the Outstanding Faculty Member of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1988. Dr. Callahan was interviewed by phone from her residence in Charlottesville in June, 1990.
Dynamic modeling of double helical gears
Authors: Wang Cheng , Wang Shou Ren , Yang Bo , Wang Gao Qi
Published: July 2017

There are few publications on the dynamic model of double helical gears considering axial vibration. In the present dynamic model, it is thought that the axial force of the left and right ends generated by tooth meshing can offset each other. Because of the existence of manufacture and installation, the axial force of the left and right ends cannot completely offset which will cause the axial vibration. In this paper, a dynamic model of double helical gears is proposed. Firstly, the calculated model of axial displacement caused by the errors of manufacture and installation under low speed is proposed. Secondly, the dynamic model of double helical gears considering axial vibration and backlash is built. On this basis, the dynamic equations of this system are established and solved. Finally, a pair of double helical gears is taken as an example. The axial displacement is calculated out and compared with that from the experiment. The dynamic behaviors of double helical gears are studied.
Exit, Voice, and Neighborhood Change: Evaluating the Effect of Sub-local Governance in Little Rock
Authors: Craw Michael
Published: July 2017

The relationship between neighborhood racial composition and property values is generally explained as a consequence of White household exit from racially and ethnically mixed neighborhoods. But some neighborhoods offer opportunities for households to exercise voice in response to neighborhood change rather than exit. This article argues that differences across neighborhoods in how they are governed play a significant role in mediating the relationship between property values and neighborhood racial and ethnic composition. Using geocoded data on sales of detached single family homes in Little Rock from 2000 to 2014, this article finds that neighborhood associations tend to increase the effect of the size of a neighborhood’s Black population on property values. At the same time, homeowner associations tend to reduce the effect of neighborhood Black population on property values.
Fourteen-Day, Repeat-Dose Toxicity Evaluation of Aconiazide Administered Orally to Male and Female Fischer 344 Rats
Authors: Dooley Kenneth L. , Hansen Eugene B. , Sheldon Winslow G. , Beland Frederick A.
Published: July 2017

Aconiazide, a hydrazone derivative of isoniazid, has been proposed for the treatment of tuberculosis. As a first step toward assessing the safety of this drug, the effects of a daily oral 14-day treatment on weight gain, pathology, and several hematologic and clinical chemistry parameters were determined in Fischer 344 (F344) rats. Dosage-related changes in body weight were observed and these became significant at dosages of 500 mg aconiazide/kg body weight. Pathologic lesions involved the sciatic nerve, liver, and bone marrow, with the incidence typically becoming significantly elevated at dosages of 500 mg aconiazide/kg body weight. Aconiazide treatment caused statistically significant changes in certain clinical chemistry and hematologic parameters; however, the values of these were still within the normal range reported for rats of a comparable age. The plasma concentrations of aconiazide were dosage-related, tended to be higher in females, and did not increase with repeated dosing.
p-Chlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, p-Chlorophenyl Methyl Sulfoxide, and p-Chlorophenyl Methyl Sulfone. I. Acute Toxicity and Bacterial Mutagenicity Studies
Authors: Leber A. Philip , Dacre Jack C. , Thake Daryl C. , Mays Dennis C.
Published: July 2017

An acute toxicity battery was performed on a series of three chemicals (p-chlorophenyl methyl sulfide, p-chloro-phenyl methyl sulfoxide, and p-chlorophenyl methyl sulfone) which have been identified as ground water contaminants at the U.S. Army's Rocky Mountain Arsenal near Denver. The results indicate that these materials exhibit oral LD50 values in the ranges of 400–620 mg/kg in rats and 330–880 mg/kg in mice. Following dermal exposures, only the sulfide induced death in rabbits. This agent and the sulfoxide induced central nervous system depression for a period of up to 7 days postapplication. Skin irritation potencies in rabbit tests were in the order of sulfoxide > sulfone >> sulfide, whereas ocular test results revealed irritation potencies to be sulfoxide > sulfide > sulfone. Results of guinea pig testing indicated a lack of sensitization potential for all compounds. None of the test materials induced bacterial mutations in Salmonella (five strains) assays that employed Arochlor 1254- and phenobarbital-induced S-9 rat liver activation systems. The most overt short-term effects following exposure to one or more of these agents are the ocular effects and the neurologic/lethal potentials following dermal or oral contact.
p-Chlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, p-Chlorophenyl Methyl Sulfoxide, and p-Chlorophenyl Methyl Sulfone. III. Toxicokinetics and Metabolism in Rats and Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Dacre Jack C. , Leber A. Philip , Mays Dennis C.
Published: July 2017

Pharmacokinetic properties of p-chlorophenyl methyl sulfide, p-chlorophenyl methyl sulfoxide, and p-chlorophenyl methyl sulfone were evaluated in rats and rhesus monkeys following oral administration of 14C radiolabeled test materials. In addition, urinary metabolite formation in treated rats was partially assessed, as was microsomal enzyme induction as determined by hexobarbital sleep time assays. All test materials were found to be rapidly absorbed following gavage dosing with a biphasic diminution of blood radiolabel in the rat. As an apparent result of higher dosage levels, rhesus monkeys exhibited both a delayed attainment of peak blood levels and a lower rate of elimination of blood 14C. A minor portion (5–7%) of urinary radioactivity from treated rats was not extractable with chloroform until incubation with deconjugation enzymes was conducted, releasing up to 50%. The values for rhesus monkeys were 15–62% and 50%, respectively; the former values are apparently elevated (relative to rat) due to saturation of conjugate-formation pathways. Decreases were observed for hexobarbital sleep times following 3-day treatment with 50 mg/kg of each of the test compounds and, consistent with hepatomegaly observed in subchronic studies, suggest induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes. The study supports evidence that these chemicals are cleared primarily via the urine in a dose-dependent manner, and are conjugated to water-soluble metabolites in both rats and rhesus monkeys.
Parallel Performance Investigations of an Unstructured Mesh Navier-Stokes Solver
Authors: Mavriplis Dimitri J.
Published: July 2017

The implementation and performance of a hybrid OpenMP/ MPI parallel communication strategy for an unstructured mesh computational fluid dynamics code is described. The solver is cache efficient and fully vectorizable, and is parallelized using a two-level hybrid MPI-OpenMP implementation suitable for shared and/or distributed memory architectures, as well as clusters of shared memory machines. Parallelism is obtained through domain decomposition for both communication models. Single processor computational rates as well as scalability curves are given on various architectures. For the architectures studied in this work, the OpenMP or hybrid OpenMP/MPI communication strategies achieved no appreciable performance benefit over an exclusive MPI communication strategy.
A failure detector for HPC platforms
Authors: Bosilca George , Bouteiller Aurelien , Guermouche Amina , Herault Thomas , Robert Yves , Sens Pierre , Dongarra Jack
Published: July 2017

Building an infrastructure for exascale applications requires, in addition to many other key components, a stable and efficient failure detector. This article describes the design and evaluation of a robust failure detector that can maintain and distribute the correct list of alive resources within proven and scalable bounds. The detection and distribution of the fault information follow different overlay topologies that together guarantee minimal disturbance to the applications. A virtual observation ring minimizes the overhead by allowing each node to be observed by another single node, providing an unobtrusive behavior. The propagation stage uses a nonuniform variant of a reliable broadcast over a circulant graph overlay network and guarantees a logarithmic fault propagation. Extensive simulations, together with experiments on the Titan Oak Ridge National Laboratory supercomputer, show that the algorithm performs extremely well and exhibits all the desired properties of an exascale-ready algorithm.
Management and Analysis of Large Scientific Datasets
Authors: Sirovich Lawrence , Everson Richard
Published: July 2017

The method of empirical eigenfunctions (Karhunen-Loève procedure) is developed within a framework suitable for dealing with large scientific datasets. It is shown that this furnishes an intrinsic representation of any given database which is always, in a well-defined mathematical sense, the optimal description. The methodology is illustrated by a variety of examples, arising out of current research and taken from pattern recognition, turbulent flow, physiology, and oceanographic flow. In each instance examples of the empirical eigenfunctions are presented.
Compression load-carrying capacity of 3D-integrated weft-knitted spacer composites
Authors: Hassanzadeh Sanaz , Hasani Hossein , Zarrebini Mohammad
Published: July 2017

Recent developments in composite manufacturing have been resulted in formation of newly-known 3D integrated weft-knitted fabrics which can be used as the composites’ reinforcing materials. In this paper, the compression-resistivity of 3D composite panels reinforced with these newly designed 3D textile-preforms from E-glass fibers has been studied. Following this research, the composites mechanical functionality under flatwise and edgewise compression loadings was evaluated. Using VIP method, three groups of glass/epoxy composite with different core thicknesses and structural geometries were prepared. It was concluded that the compressive strength of the flat-wisely loaded samples would significantly decrease by increasing the thickness. Moreover, changing the composites’ geometrical shape leads to some changes in failure mode; in this regard, the produced single-decker U-shaped panels only suffer from the pure buckling failure, while the double-decker U-shaped panel failed due to a combination of facing bending stress, core shear stress, and buckling failure. Thickness changes are not as effective as structural geometry changes on the panels’ compress-resistivity under edgewise compression. As compared with the conventional 3D woven sandwich composites, it was approved that mechanical functionality of the produced 3D integrated weft-knitted spacer panels is completely improved so that they can be considered as good alternatives especially in building constructions.
Static and dynamic responses of a novel Al nanocomposite foam/sandwich structure under bending, impact and quasi-static compression tests
Authors: Hosseini SM , Habibolahzadeh A , Němeček J
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study is to analyze mechanical properties of a new Al sandwich structure with a foam core reinforced by 0.75 wt% silicon carbide nanoparticles. The reinforced core as the main component of the sandwich structure is examined by nanoindentation, quasi-static compression, impact and three-point bending tests. The behavior of the nanocomposite foam core sandwiched with AA3103 facing sheets is also analyzed under three-point bending test. The results showed that the silicon carbide nanoparticles play an important role in enhancing the Young’s modulus and hardness of the metallic matrix, static compressive strength, energy absorption of the foam core as well as load carrying capacity and maximum deflection of the sandwich structure. However, they have no significant influence on the morphological features, impact and bending properties of the foam core. The effectiveness of the silicon carbide nanoparticles was dependent on the dominant deformation mode and failure mechanism of specimens under the applied loadings.
Successful Hair Transplant of Eyebrow Alopecia Areata
Authors: Barankin Benjamin , Taher Muba , Wasel Norman
Published: July 2017

Background:

Alopecia areata of the eyebrows can be difficult to treat. Intralesional triamcinolone or potent topical steroids are considered the mainstay of medical therapy. This case illustrates the results of an experimental hair transplant to the eyebrows following years of modest response to intralesional triamcinolone.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to ascertain the benefits of a hair transplant for chronic eyebrow alopecia areata not responding to appropriate medical therapy.

Methods:

A hair transplant was performed with tumescent anesthesia and a total of 85 mini and micrografts placed in the right eyebrow. Followup after the hair transplant occurs every 8 weeks.

Results:

The patient was free of eyebrow alopecia areata for 8 months following the initial hair transplant. Although the disease relapsed, hair growth is now manageable with intralesional cortisone injection performed six times per year.

Conclusions:

For the first time in years, this patient was given 8 months of reprieve from his eyebrow alopecia areata and is currently well-maintained on monthly intralesional cortisone which originally was of only modest benefit. The patient is pleased with the outcome.
Cytokine and Growth Factor mRNA Expression Patterns Associated with the Hypercontracted, Hyperpigmented Healing Phenotype of Red Duroc Pigs: A Model of Abnormal Human Scar Development?
Authors: Gallant—Behm Corrie L. , Olson Merle E. , Hart David A.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Skin wounds in red Duroc pigs heal with the formation of hypercontractile, hyperpigmented scars, similar in some respects to human hypertrophic scars. ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to characterize the mRNA expression patterns for a subset of relevant cytokines, growth factors, receptors, and transcription factors involved in the red Duroc scarring phenotype.

Methods:

Full-thickness and deep dermal wounds were created on the backs of juvenile female red Duroc pigs. Samples were taken every two weeks postwounding and total RNA and DNA were extracted and quantified. RT-PCR was performed using porcine gene-specific primers for 15 relevant molecules.

Results:

The majority of molecules examined exhibited a biphasic pattern of expression, with peaks of expression at days 14 and 56 postinjury.

Conclusions:

The molecular expression pattern observed correlates well with the gross healing phenotype and matrix molecule expression patterns previously reported in red Duroc pigs. These findings enhance our understanding of the processes associated with fibroproliferative scar-formation.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Imiquimod and 5-Fluorouracil for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy Studies
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Davey Valerie , McPhail Heather
Published: July 2017

Background:

Actinic keratosis lesions occur frequently on sun-exposed skin of Caucasians. They become more prevalent with advancing age and are important in identifying the risk factor of those people possibly predisposed to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Topical therapies are useful alternatives to cryotherapy for treating diffuse actinic damage and a number of preparations have been developed for treating actinic keratosis.

Objectives:

A cumulative meta-analysis was performed to determine the efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream, which presents a new alternative topical therapy for actinic keratosis, and to compare it to 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of actinic keratosis lesions of the face and scalp.

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE (1966 to October 2004) for relevant studies evaluating the efficacy of actinic keratosis topical agents imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil (0.5%, 1%, and 5%). Studies included in this meta-analysis required a dosage regimen that was not significantly different from that approved by Health Canada and the U.S. FDA. Studies also required a well-defined treatment duration and followup period, with the primary efficacy variable being the complete (100%) clearance of all actinic keratosis lesions defined as the proportion of patients at followup with no clinically visible lesions in the treatment area. To determine the average efficacy rate for both drugs, the data from each study were combined for that drug.

Results:

Ten studies were included in the analysis. The average efficacy rate for each drug (with 95% confidence interval) was 5-fluorouracil, 52 ± 18% ( n = 6 studies, 145 subjects) and imiquimod, 70 ± 12% ( n = 4 studies, 393 subjects).

Conclusions:

The results of this meta-analysis show that both imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil are effective methods for the treatment of actinic keratosis and provide a useful alternative to cryotherapy. However, this analysis suggests that imiquimod may have higher efficacy than 5-fluorouracil for actinic keratosis lesions located on the face and scalp and therefore provides another option to dermatologists.
Familial Bullous Lichen Planus (FBLP): Pedigree Analysis and Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Huang Changzheng , Chen Siyuan , Liu Zhixiang , Tao Juan , Wang Chunsen , Zhou Youwen
Published: July 2017

Background:

Familial bullous lichen planus (FBLP) is a rare condition. The clinical features dearly have been described.

Objective:

We report the largest patient series of FBLP and describe its clinical characteristics and inheritance pattern.

Methods:

In this retrospective chart review, we analyzed nine consecutive familial pedigrees of FBLP with 36 affected individuals who presented to the Department of Dermatology at the Wuhan Union Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital in central China. Parameters analyzed include age of onset, gender predilection, lesional distribution, nail and mucosal involvement, clinical course, and inheritance pattern.

Results:

Thirty-six of 85 individuals in the nine families were affected (42.4%). Females were more likely to be affected than males (58.3% vs 35.7%, Ġ(χ2 = 3.99. P < 0.05). A bimodal disease onset was found, with one peak at 1–3 years and another at 13–17 years. The shin is the most commonly affected area (97%) followed by the upper limbs and the thighs. Involvement of the torso is relatively rare. Only a minority of cases involves the oral mucosa. The disease tends to follow a chronic and progressive course. The inheritance pattern is autosomal dominant with variable penetrance.

Conclusion:

Familial bullous lichen planus is a chronic, progressive bullous eruption of the lower and upper extremities. Compared with non familial bullous lichen planus, it has an earlier onset and wider disease distribution. It may be inherited as an autosomal dominant condition with variable penetrance.
Safety and Efficacy of a Milk-Derived Extract in the Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis: An Open-Label Study
Authors: Poulin Y. , Pouliot Y. , Lamiot E. , Aattouri N. , Gauthier S. F.
Published: July 2017

Background:

XP-828L is a nutraceutical compound obtained by the extraction of a growth factors-enriched protein fraction from bovine milk. XP-828L may improve psoriasis.

Objectives:

An open-label study was performed to determine the efficacy, tolerability and safety of XP-828L in the treatment of plaque psoriasis.

Methods:

Eleven adult patients with chronic, stable plaque psoriasis on 2% or more of body surface area (BSA) received 5 g of oral XP-828L twice daily for 56 days.

Results:

All 11 patients completed the 56 days of treatment. At day 28, 6 of the 11 patients showed a reduction in PASI score. At 56 days, seven subjects had a decrease in PASI score ranging from 9.5% to 81.3%. Eight (8) out of 11 patients agreed to participate in an additional 8-week extension treatment phase. Improvement of psoriasis was maintained during the extension period. No clinically significant adverse events or laboratory abnormalities occurred.

Conclusion:

XP-828L may improve psoriasis in patients with mild-to-moderate psoriasis.
The Cochrane Skin Group: Promoting the Best Evidence
Authors: Collier Avanta , Johnson Kathryn R. , Delamere Finola , Leonard Tina , Dellavalle Robert P. , Williams Hywel
Published: July 2017

Background:

The international Cochrane Skin group, established in 1997, organizes, writes and disseminates systematic reviews of therapeutic interventions in dermatology. ObjectiveTo introduce the Cochrane Skin Group and what it offers to cutaneous medicine and surgery providers.

Methods:

Descriptive review of the structure and output of the Cochrane Collaboration Library and the Cochrane Skin Group.

Results:

Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials produced through the Cochrane Skin Group provide a benchmark for evidence summaries for informing clinical decisions in dermatology.

Conclusion:

The work performed by the Cochrane Skin Group is an important component for informing the evidence base for the clinical practice of cutaneous and surgical dermatology.
Unilateral Basal Cell Carcinomas: An Unusual Entity Treated with Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Lane Joshua E. , Allen Jennifer H. , Lane Tanda N. , Lesher Jack L.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Unilateral localized basal cell carcinomas are an uncommon finding that presents both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Exclusion of unilateral nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome is indicated. There are few reports in the literature regarding this entity and even less regarding therapeutic strategies.

Objective:

We present a patient with unilateral localized basal cell carcinomas who was successfully treated with photodynamic therapy.

Methods:

Photodynamic therapy was started using Levulan® Kerastick® as previously described. The topical solution was applied to the patient's back and illuminated the following day via the BLU-U Blue Light Illuminator.

Results:

The patient tolerated the procedure well and without complications. The patient had an excellent therapeutic response with no clinically apparent basal cell carcinomas for 18 months.

Conclusions:

We report a patient with unilateral basal cell carcinomas successfully treated with photodynamic therapy. This uncommon entity represents a diagnostic challenge in its inherent absence of the classic clinical and radiographic findings of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Like nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, unilateral basal cell carcinomas poses a therapeutic challenge with the sheer number of cutaneous tumors. The use of photodynamic therapy carries a proven therapeutic efficacy, a low rate of adverse events and excellent cosmesis.
A Conceptual Matrix of Journalism as Research Two Decades after ‘Media Wars’
Authors: Pearson Mark , Patching Roger , Wilshere-Cumming Lisa
Published: July 2017

It is 20 years since John Hartley (1995) positioned journalism as the subject of academic research rather than as a research method in its own right. In 1999, Media International Australia devoted a themed edition to the debate over journalism in the academy (‘Media Wars’), which prompted further scholarly discourse over the role and location of journalism as a field of study. This article reassesses that debate in the light of the acknowledgement of journalism studies and journalism creative works in the Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) system, the use of journalism methods as a research methodology and the development of conceptual paradigms for journalism as research. The article surveys the relationship between journalism and research over the ensuing two decades and proposes a conceptual matrix of the journalism–research nexus.
Public Intellectuals: La Lutte Continue?
Authors: Hartley John
Published: July 2017

This article outlines three versions of the intellectual: past, present and future. First, it describes an archetypal ‘Parisian’ myth; next, the dissolute present or ‘public intellectual’; finally, a future vision based on the new concept of ‘knowledge clubs’. The article traces how ‘the intellectual’ has changed over time, and considers the consequences of hanging on to the past, especially by adding the word ‘public’ to ‘intellectual’. While retaining the appearance of a character long dead, this phantasm may blind contemporary analysis as to the direction in which to look for ‘public thought’ in the future. The article argues that the concept needs to be rethought according the approach of ‘cultural science’, where knowledge-agency belongs to culture-made groups rather than individuals.
The Australian in Canberra, 1964–67
Authors: Clarke Patricia
Published: July 2017

This article discusses the impact of The Australian on Canberra from its first issue on 15 July 1964 to the move to Sydney on 18 March 1967. It covers the acquisition of the Territorial; the change of ownership of Federal Capital Press to the Fairfax organisation; the battle with the Canberra Times for dominance in the local market; the impact of the influx of journalists on a previously static news scene; their impact on Press Gallery reporting; and the impact of more penetrating reporting on the public service. These themes are developed against the background of a city enjoying a burst of development. The article draws on the author's experience as a journalist with the ABC in the Press Gallery in Canberra in the 1960s, as a contributor to The Australian as a writer/editor for Maxwell Newton, as a citizen and as honorary secretary for the Canberra Day Celebrations 1964.
The Rise of the Spin Doctor: From Personal Briefings to News Management
Authors: McKnight David
Published: July 2017

This article contextualises the rise of political spin in Australian politics and discusses its meaning and implications. It examines the largely unmediated relationship between political leaders and journalists that existed until the 1970s. It locates the foundational period in the growth of professionalised public relations in the Fraser and Hawke governments and suggests that an assertive new style of journalism played a role in its birth. It debates some of the literature on spin, and suggests that spin is a permanent fixture and that journalists need to devise creative responses to it rather than simply denounce it.
The Nimble Savage: Press Constructions of Pacific Islander Swimmers in Early Twentieth-Century Australia
Authors: Osmond Gary
Published: July 2017

In the decades around Australian Federation in 1901, a number of Pacific Islanders gained prominence in aquatic sport on the beaches and in the pools of Sydney in particular. Two swimmers, brothers Alick and Edward (Ted) Wickham from the Solomon Islands, were especially prominent. This article examines racial constructions of these athletes by the Australian press. Given the existence of well-entrenched negative racial stereotypes about Pacific Islanders, and legislative manifestations of the White Australia policy that sought to deport and exclude Islanders, racially negative portrayals of the Wickhams might have been expected in the press. Instead, newspapers constructed these men in largely positive terms, idealising the supposedly natural ability of Islanders in water and reifying an aquatic Nimble Savage stereotype. While largely contained to a few individuals, this nonetheless powerful press construction presented an alternative perspective to the prevailing negative stereotypes.
Dynamic performance fluctuation of solid-lubricated rotating mechanism for intermittent operation caused by launch vibration load
Authors: Li Shiqi , Ma Tianyang
Published: July 2017

Space mechanism is the key to success of long-term space missions. The service life of solid-lubricated space mechanisms is affected by various mechanical loads before in-orbit operation, among which the load caused by the launch vibration is the most severe one. Dynamic performance is an indication of the operating state of solid-lubricated mechanisms. The fluctuation of dynamic performances caused by the load of launch vibration is an unanswered but important question. In this paper, the fluctuation of dynamic performances of solid-lubricated rotating mechanisms for intermittent operation was studied by means of experiments and theoretical analyses. One group of rotating mechanisms for intermittent operation with solid-lubricated ball bearings were subjected to sine sweep tests and random vibration tests, followed by continuous operation test. The dynamic performance of mechanisms was obtained throughout all tests. The other group of mechanisms were studied with continuous operation test only for comparing the effects of vibration on the dynamic performance of mechanisms. At the same time, the sample moments of the dynamic performance of mechanisms were calculated and analyzed. The contact stress in the vibration tests was calculated by the Hertz theory. The fluctuation of the dynamic performances of solid-lubricated rotating mechanisms for intermittent operation caused by the load of launch vibration was then concluded with further discussion.
Early retinal atrophy predicts long-term visual impairment after acute optic neuritis
Authors: Sanchez-Dalmau Bernardo , Martinez-Lapiscina Elena H , Torres-Torres Ruben , Ortiz-Perez Santiago , Zubizarreta Irati , Pulido-Valdeolivas Irene V , Alba-Arbalat Salut , Guerrero-Zamora Ana , Calbet David , Villoslada Pablo
Published: July 2017

Background:

Visual recovery after optic neuritis (ON) used to be defined as good, although patients frequently complain of poor vision.

Methods:

We carried out a prospective study on 38 consecutive patients with acute ON followed monthly for 6 months and evaluated high- and low-contrast visual acuity (HCVA and LCVA, respectively), quality of vision (National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25)), visual fields, and retinal thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Results:

We found significant impaired LCVA and color vision in ON eyes 6 months after acute ON, which impact on quality of life. LCVA and color vision were correlated with the thicknesses of the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL; 2.5% LCVA r = 0.65 and p = 0.0001; color vision r = 0.75 and p < 0.0001) and that of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL; LCVA r = 0.43 and p = 0.0098; color vision r = 0.62 and p < 0.0001). Linear regression models that included the change in the GCIPL and pRNFL thicknesses from baseline to month 1 after onset explained 47% of the change in 2.5% LCVA and 67% of the change of color vision acuity. When adjusting for the value of visual acuity at baseline, predictors of the change in vision from baseline to month 6 achieved similar performance for all three types of vision (HCVA, LCVA, and color vision).

Conclusion:

Monitoring retinal atrophy by OCT within the first month after ON onset allows individuals at a high risk of residual visual impairment to be identified.
Figuring out the prevalence of fitness testing in physical education: A figurational analysis
Authors: Alfrey Laura , Gard Michael
Published: July 2017

This paper explores the ways in which figurational sociology can offer a useful lens through which to understand the ongoing use of fitness testing as a means to physically educate young people. We contribute to a theoretical discussion around how physical education teachers have come to think about and enact fitness testing so pervasively. Applying a figurational lens: (a) encourages us to view fitness testing as a historically rooted practice; (b) sensitises us to the importance of social interdependencies and habitus when trying to understand their prevalence; (c) helps us to go beyond the labelling of fitness testing as ‘disciplinary’ and encourages us to identify the (un)intended consequences of fitness testing, and how these are enabling and constraining and for whom. Using a figurational lens we identify scientisation and shaming as two social processes that can help us understand why physical educators use fitness testing as a context for learning despite a lack of evidence to suggest its worth. The theorising articulated in this paper, together with the sociological work it follows, can help us move forward in terms of pedagogical possibilities for physical education.
Computerization in Industry Causes Problems for People with Reading and Writing Difficulties (Dyslexia)
Authors: Knutsson Anders
Published: July 2017

For 10 years computerization in industry has advanced at a rapid pace. A problem which has not received attention is that of people with reading and writing difficulties who experience severe problems when they have to communicate with a computer monitor screen. These individuals are often embarrassed by their difficulties and conceal them from their fellow workers. A number of case studies are described which show the form the problems can take. In one case, an employee was compelled to move from department to department as each was computerized in turn. Computers transform a large number of manual tasks in industry into jobs which call for reading and writing skills. Better education at elementary school and at the workplace in connection with computerization are the most important means of overcoming this problem. Moreover, computer programs could be written in a more human way.
The financial crisis and the European Parliament: An analysis of the Two-Pack legislation
Authors: Roger Léa , Otjes Simon , van der Veer Harmen
Published: July 2017

The left–right line of conflict has been the dominant dimension of decision-making in the European Parliament since 1979. A pro-/anti-European Union integration dimension is of secondary importance. Limited evidence exists on the conditions under which these different dimensions matter. This study examines parliamentary decision-making about the so-called Two-Pack, which moved responsibilities about budgetary decision-making to the European Commission. The article uses in-depth interviews, textual analysis of committee debates and roll call voting analysis in order to determine which lines of conflict matter at which stage of decision-making. The evidence indicates that left–right division is dominant in the informal stage preceding committee debates, while both the pro-/anti-European Union and the left/right dimensions matter during the committee stage, whereas for plenary votes, the pro-/anti-European Union dimension is crucial.
Second thoughts on the entrepreneurial myth
Authors: Omid  , Nodoushani Patricia A.
Published: July 2017

Conventional wisdom often reduces entrepreneurship to the art of small business by formulating an ideological spirit rather than a scientific foundation for the field. Debunking the entrepreneurial myth, the focus must be on the political ideology behind the entrepreneurial explosion of the 1980s. Acting as the ideology of business avant-gardism, the entrepreneurial myth has become the context within which conventional wisdom about entrepreneurship has been influenced.
Enterprise in recession: The role and context of strategy
Authors: Beaver Graham , Ross Caroline
Published: July 2017

The converging forces of globalization, technology, deregulation, economic restructuring and the present threat of recession in many parts of the small business sector, make strategy and strategic thinking an essential prerequisite if business survival is to remain on the agenda for many entrepreneurs and owner-managers. This paper examines the actions and responses of a sample of small firms in the Midlands region of the UK, currently facing adverse trading conditions or the threat of recession. In an earlier study conducted by one of the authors (Beaver, 1997) these firms described themselves as ‘practitioners of strategic management’. Whilst there is no guarantee of immunity for any business from the effects of deteriorating economic conditions, it can be expected that those firms that engage in strategic management, better understand and respond to the changing nature of industry positioning and competitive advantage, and make timely and appropriate adjustments to preserve or enhance their market position (Bracker, Keats and Pearson, 1988; Jennings and Beaver, 1997). Put another way, it is generally well accepted that suboptimal performance and potential business failure are closely correlated with a lack of attention to business strategy (Birley and Westhead, 1990; Wheelen and Hunger, 1992 and 1998; Jennings and Beaver, 1997). It follows therefore, that those firms facing tough trading conditions should fashion their competitive responses in accordance not only with any contingency plans that may have been developed, but should act in a positive and timely manner to underpin their chosen strategic position. Given that many small businesses experience a measure of disadvantage (Beaver and Harrison, 1994; Jennings and Beaver, 1996 and 1997), due not only to the size of the enterprise, but also to their resource-base and operating context, the need to embrace strategic management thinking and actions, especially in a recessionary environment, has never been more necessary.
Introduction and general resources
Authors: Siu Wai-sum
Published: July 2017

As the business environment moves into the electronic age, more entrepreneurs. owner-managers and business executives are now communicating in cyberspace to exchange and access business information, and also to do business. In fact, small firms play a major role in e-commerce. Academic and policy researchers, government officials and business practitioners, like most other professionals, are being challenged by the information superhighway to change their research approaches and information solicitation behaviour. This regular feature of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, ‘Internet Review’, concentrates on Internet resources that are available to those interested in research on entrepreneurship, small firms and innovation in an international context.
The Prevention and Control of Marine Pollution: A Progress Report
Authors: Brown E. D.
Published: July 2017

Whether one is concerned with the continuing availability of caviar or the state of the beach at Brighton, it is difficult to remain unaware of the almost obsessive attention which is being paid to pollution in general and to marine pollution in particular by a host of institutions, national and international. Not only because the problem is a very complex and many-sided one but also because it is a politically fashionable one, there are very few international institutions which have not felt the necessity to take part in the current debate. One result is that it is rapidly becoming a full-time occupation to collect, digest and assess the ever-increasing volume of documentation, much of which reffects the overlapping spheres of juisdiction of the institutions concerned. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to present a comprehensive progress report on the work of these institutions, whether their concern be with the prevention and control of marine pollution or with compensation for the damage it causes. It is hoped that such a report will provide a useful framework of reference for a better understanding of the preparations for and results of the several international conferences which are scheduled to meet in the next few years.

The paper falls into six main parts. Following an introductory section on the institutional framework within which work is proceeding, parts II-V deal with the substance of that work on the prevention of oil pollution; liability for oil pollution; radioactive pollution; and marine pollution by other hazardous substances. Finally, part VI is devoted to a summing up and look ahead.
Lefebvre’s teachings: Pedagogical formulations for political problems
Authors: Ford Derek R
Published: July 2017

This editorial provides an introduction to the special issue, ‘Lefebvre's teachings’. It articulates the drive of the issue by presenting Lefebvre not just as a thinker, but as a teacher who compels an excessive response from his readers. It surveys the six articles contained in the issue, identifying the commitment to living life together beyond capital as their unifying thread.
The Graying of Rural America: Community Engagement and Health Promotion Challenges
Authors: Majee Wilson , Aziato Lydia , Jooste Karien , Anakwe Adaobi
Published: July 2017

Background. Although social participation has been linked to positive physical and mental health outcomes, elderly people in rural areas remain highly disengaged. Also, few studies have examined community residents’ perceptions of the barriers and opportunities for the elderly to participate in community activities. Purpose. This article highlights the perceptions of rural community residents regarding their understanding of the following: (1) community leadership, (2) barriers and opportunities for the elderly to engage in leadership, and (3) potential community-based solutions for promoting more social participation. Method. Individual interviews were conducted with 16 community members. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Researchers immersed and familiarized themselves with the data prior to developing codes. Coding was initially done manually and later using NVivo. Findings. Four major themes emerged: conceptions of community leadership, elderly resource inventory, barriers to elderly engagement, and potential solutions. Themes collectively illustrated that residents have a clear understanding of the role of community leadership, of available resources for the elderly, and of the barriers encountered when using these resources. Conclusion. Our findings highlight a need for health promotion strategies that are informed by community needs and foster healthy lifestyles for all community residents.
Ultrasound of the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Bell M , McNally EGM
Published: July 2017

Foot and ankle ultrasound is most commonly used to examine the tendons around the ankle in cases of suspected tears or tenosynovitis. Ultrasound however is also useful in assessing joint fluid, the ligaments, fasclitis, metatarsalgia. Impingement syndromes and in dynamic imaging or guided treatment. The Achilles tendon is the most frequently imaged tendon with the peroneal tendons, anterior and posterior tibials, extensor dlgitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, flexor digltorum longus and flexor hallucis longus also readily accessible to ultrasound imaging.
Trends in Litigation Activity against Sonographers
Authors: Harrison Gill , Mitcalf Roger
Published: July 2017

Increased public awareness about health care issues has led to an increase in litigation cases against health care professionals, At the same time sonographers are extending their role in medical ultrasound, leaving them more vulnerable to litigation procedures. This study looked at a wide range of issues relating to medico-legal risk amongst sonographers. As it was part of a much wider study only some of the Key issues are discussed in this article.
Thermo-acoustic cross-talk between cans in a can-annular combustor
Authors: Farisco Federica , Panek Lukasz , Kok Jim BW
Published: July 2017

Thermo-acoustic instabilities in gas turbine engines are studied to avoid engine failure. Compared to the engines with annular combustors, the can-annular combustor design should be less vulnerable to acoustic burner-to-burner interaction, since the burners are acoustically coupled only by the turbine stator stage and the plenum. However, non-negligible cross-talk between neighboring cans has been observed in measurements in such machines. This study is focused on the analysis of the acoustic interaction between the cans. Simplified two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) equivalent systems representing the corresponding engine alike turbine design are investigated. Thermo-acoustic instabilities are reproduced using a forced response approach. Compressible large eddy simulation based on the open source computational fluid dynamics OpenFOAM framework is used applying accurate boundary conditions for the flow and the acoustics. A study of the reflection coefficient and of the transfer function between the cans has been performed. Comparisons between 2D and 3D equivalent configurations have been evaluated.
Influences on Flexor Tendon Rehabilitation
Authors: Harris Sheila
Published: July 2017

There have been many changes of thought regarding flexor tendon surgery and therapy during the last 80 years, most of them in the last 20 years. These changes have led and will continue to lead to the development of fewer ruptures and better results when these injuries are treated by experienced surgeons and therapists. We, as therapists, need to be aware of the preferred method of rehabilitation in our units.
Evidence Based Practice — How to Do a Literature Search
Authors: Jerosch-Herold Christina
Published: July 2017

Evidence based practice has been defined as the integration of current best evidence with individual clinical expertise when making decisions about the care of individual patients (Sacket et al, 1996)

The use of one without the other does not constitute evidence-based practice. As clinicians therefore it is vital not to devalue clinical expertise developed through education and practice but it is also time that a closer look is taken at the research which should underpin our practice. It is this which maybe poses the greater challenge. The distance to the nearest library, the associated computer technology which has to be mastered, the limits on time and staffing act as disincentives rather than to encourage evidence-based practice.

This paper is the first of a series on getting evidence into practice by providing an introductory guide on how to search for literature using computer databases. Examples from the field of hand therapy are used to illustrate the different components involved in a search and how different strategies work.
Under-Coding in Australia Limits the Performance of DRG Groupers
Authors: Reid Beth , Palmer George , Aisbett Chris
Published: July 2017

The Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) system is now used extensively in Australia to classify acute inpatients for many applications, including payments to hospitals. The quality of the inpatient separation data affects the performance of the DRG version, especially its predictive validity. Data from the State of Maryland, in the United States, contain more secondary diagnosis and procedure codes than Australian data. A comparison of the performance of DRG versions using data from Australia and Maryland allowed us to answer the following research question: What impact did these additional codes have on the performance of the DRGs? The best performance in predictive validity (R2) was obtained using the Maryland data no matter which DRG version was used. Casemix-adjusted code counts showed that more diagnoses were coded in Maryland. The most plausible reason for this was that conditions were not being recorded comprehensively by doctors in the medical record in Australia.