bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beurteilen und Bewerten im DaF- Studiengang
Authors: Seddiki Aoussine
Published: September 2023

Assessing and evaluating in the Deutsch course

The debate about the German language lessons is decisively shaped worldwide by keywords like evaluation and assessment. The situation at the Algerian universities and in the German department is similar. The examination and testing procedure is constantly being questioned because the results achieved do not correspond to the wishes of the teaching team. In this article, the interest is in pursuing the question of assessment and evaluation in the context of the German department at the University of Oran. The German language course is the focus of the present study. The previous experience with regard to the implementation of tests and examinations that are planned in each semester in the respective subjects is considered a particular inspiration for this analysis. In addition, due to the persisting problem of evaluation, countless conferences, congresses and workshops are regularly organized worldwide. However, one would like to emphasize that assessment didactics in the German language as a foreign language area have made huge strides in the last two decades. There is already a consensus on the most important assessment criteria. The European Framework of Reference, which provides interesting strategies and techniques for assessment and assessment in German language as a foreign language lessons, is considered one of the most important reference sources for evaluation.
Präteritumschwund
Authors: Bourouba Chahinez
Published: September 2023

Past tense fading

The German language is constantly changing. Examples of language change in New High German include the decline of the subjunctive II in favour of the paraphrase of dignity, the reduction of unstressed endings and the simultaneous construction of new endings on prepositions. An older language change can still be traced in its effects on German today, the so-called Upper German preterit decline. This denotes the omission of the past tense in Early New High German in southern Germany. A phenomenon that continues to spread northward to this day. The present paper aims at studying the German tense system focusing on the fading of the past tense and the reasons behind the phenomenon. The decline in the past tense is one of the most obvious morphological developments in Alemannic (or Upper German). The consequence of giving up this synthetic way of working was the transfer of the past category to syntax. This has led to a strong typological drift of Alemannic in the course of an analytical and additionally bracketed language type. The disappearance of the past tense contrasts in a peculiar way with the preservation, even the secondary expansion, of synthetic subjunctive.
Mooddeutsch, eine Lernplattform für Die deutsche Abteilung der Universität Oran
Authors: Aboura Bouchra
Published: September 2023

Mooddeutsch: a learning platform for The German department of University of Oran

In 2013, as part of a project, a virtual learning environment in the form of an LMS (Learning Management System) was developed and implemented for the German department at University of Oran 2. The purpose was to supplement classroom teaching as a component of a dual learning arrangement with a virtual, structured learning phase and accordingly to set up DaF teaching as a blended learning model. This article presents an interactive learning environment for university foreign language teaching, here German as a foreign language, which was developed and tested at the German department of the University of Oran in 2013. Virtual classrooms will not replace traditional foreign language teaching, but can enrich it when used effectively. Prerequisites for this are, above all, willingness for new teaching and learning concepts and the will to use the advantages of new media that support constructivist and cooperative learning.
البحث في الدراسة الُترجمية: مناهج أم مقاربة؟ دانيال جيل
Authors: بسناس ي محمد
Published: September 2023

Research in translation study: methods or approach? Daniel Gill

Approaches particularly known in university research devoted to translation studies can be categorized into two broad types. As for the first type, it is related to Humanities, while the other type is inspired by codified scientific research. The methods used in the second type of research are often featured by their relative complexities, in addition to their somewhat exotic character. Students of translation studies who have not received training according to the standards of research methods are sometimes drawn to the potential impact of more advanced methods and new technologies, but their use may turn out to be of little benefit when their added value is low in exchange for high costs of resources, as wel as their negative impact on the ecological safety of the study. All these issue will be discussed in this paper
Linguistic Landscape and Language Planning
Authors: Boukreris Louafia
Published: September 2023

Linguistic landscape, henceforth LL, is made up of public and private signs i.e.; the language(s) displayed in public space. It has recently been researched by scholars from different disciplines concerned with issues of languages in contact phenomenon which is rather a case of written languages in contact. Two factors intervene in its development. The first factor falls within the official language agencies responsible of language use and regulations while the second includes individuals, and private institutions using language(s) purposefully for their own objectives escaping the control of the authorities and thus taking the freedom of rule violation as a creative way of communication. As a field of language research it mostly deals with the sociology of language, and more particularly, language policy and planning, but it is also considered as a resource for language learning and as a place of contested identities and language conflicts and hidden language agendas. Thus, necessity rises to consider LL not only as a strategy for language management but also as the key place where it must take place. It is for these very reasons that the main objective of the present article focusses on exploring LL as a strategy of language planning and management because the bottom-up individual and private agencies constitute the active agents in issues of language use, maintenance, and promotion.
L’effet de la séquentialité dans le parler bilingue Algérien : Quelques procédés conversationnels productifs dans les codes mixtes
Authors: Ouahmiche Ghania
Published: September 2023

The effect of sequentiality in Algerian bilingual speech: Some productive conversational processes in mixed codes

This paper deals with some conversational strategies operating in bilingual speech as illustrated in some occurrences drawn from Algerian Arabic/French Code-Switching in the two directions. The idea that shapes this paper is mainly based on Alfonzetti assumption viewing Code- Switching (CS) as a contextualization strategy, independently from grammatical and macro- sociolinguistic contexts. In this sense, the contrast created by CS will be exploited by bilingual speakers to mark constant changes of footing. Henceforth, these theoretical conceptions will be supported by empirical evidence drawn from the analysis of some instances of CS characterizing the bilingual speech of some Algerian students in different settings. Furthermore, our attention will be directed mainly towards the conversational and pragmatic significance of code-alternations. Our reflection on CS led us to implement two theoretical models, the markedness theory and the conversational model. According to the first model, CS can respond to several motivations: it can be part of a normative framework characterized by the marking of linguistic choices in relation to a previously predefined context, it targets in certain cases the communicative function, and the negotiation of social distance in other cases. We concluded that the social motivations set up in the theory of negotiation in relevance to the interlocutors’ roles explain only partially the choices of the languages in interaction because they reduce the linguistic behaviors of bilingual speakers to a contextual determinism which completely denies their role in the code selection. The conversational analysis of CS, on the other hand, allowed us to identify the functions of CS isntances and their communicative relevance, even if they are socially non-significant. In this perspective, CS is considered as a linguistic resource in the interactive construction of the bilingual speakers’ discourses, it largely depends on the sequential structure of their verbal exchanges as well as their participation. We insist on the fact that the structural conversational dimension is sufficiently independent of the morphosyntactic rules and social norms associated with the alternating codes, turns out to be relevant in a given conversational episode. Indeed, what is important in this conversational perception of CS is the notion of contrast generated by the juxtaposition of the two codes within the same discourse. However, it seems impossible to us to assign a semantic, or even a symbolic, value to each Switch. In this regard, we have proposed a diagram with the aim of explaining the fluidity of the transition from French to Arabic, and vice versa, in the bilingual speech of our informants by putting them at the center of all the underlying processes relevant to bilinagual speech production.
Lo Magrebi y Lo Osmanli en La Estrategia de Carlos V
Authors: Makria Souhila
Published: September 2023

The Maghrebi and the Osmanli in the Strategy of Carlos V

This article has a double objective. On the one hand, it shows the strategy followed by Emperor Charles V for the hegemony of the Mediterranean and his confrontation with the Muslim emperor Suleiman the Magnificent and, on the other hand, his envy of keeping the North African territories inherited from his maternal grandparents to transmit them to his own son Felipe II. Well, this champion embraced the well-known topic the logo of peace between Christians and war against the infidels. It can be said that it was the same strategy as Fernando and Isabel but with little difference is that with Carlos one can speak of the absolute evolution of the degree of hostility against the Muslim world. The Muslim world that has coexisted with the Christian world for almost eight centuries has already returned as the opposite, enemy and Islamophobe. In our study we will try to show the catholicity of Carlos V against the Osmanli and the Maghrebi, as well as see the strategy followed by Carlos V, to stop the Turkish expansion in the Mediterranean and the corsair boom.
L’apprentissage précoce d’une langue étrangère dès la maternelle : le cas des établissements privés en Algérie
Authors: Bentahar Faten
Published: September 2023

Early learning of a foreign language from kindergarten: The case of private schools in Algeria

This paper is a reflection on the interest growing caused by the early training of a foreign language in the establishments deprived in Algeria. One of the solutions advanced to achieve the ambitious goal to train multilingual speakers consists in as much as possible anticipating the contact with another language. If the child very early learns the foreign language within the framework from a bilingual education, he will not know blockings which harm the training. It will rather gain unquestionable advantages on the intellectual level and the However, the early teaching of a foreign language raises fundamental questions, all related to the fact that learning it is a child. Today, the specialists resort to the neurosciences, cognitive, psychological, linguistic sciences and with sciences of education, to develop an interdisciplinary epistemological model of the early teaching of the languages, made up of dimensions acquisitionnelle, linguistic, cultural and methodological.
The integration of e-learning in the Algerian tertiary level: The case of Biskra University
Authors: Hoadjli Ahmed Chaouki , Mehiri Ramdane
Published: September 2023

In this new Age of the digital technology, it is of tremendous importance for higher education in Algeria to work hard for the purpose to narrow the huge gap between the reality they face and live in and the potential of the new technologies in order to keep abreast with the standard norms of modern education. Undoubtedly, some uses of the digital technologies are quite promising but require substantial reorganisation and rethinking of the roles of the individuals and institutions. In the sphere of this problematic, in the present work, we purport to explain the gap between the existing, prevailing reality of the Algerian universities and the expectations of the effects of the digital technologies in the academic world of higher education. In precise terms, this paper will tackle the question of to which extent the Algerian universities are prepared to implement and use the new technologies as part of their current practices for the purposes they can serve, and discuss the challenges and problems the institutions in higher education are facing to place information and communication technologies as central to teaching and learning.
An Environmental Understanding of Culture and Speaking: The case of prosody
Authors: Ghiboub Abdelhak
Published: September 2023

This research tries to investigate the link between cultural constraints and the difficulties faced by EFL users when speaking. The main objectives are: first, to find a theoretical grounding with which the link of the socio-cultural environment to language can be explained and second, to find an effective method of investigation that proves the existence of a socio-cultural influence on EFL users rendering and specially speaking. Finally, the research will show that the four socio-cultural dimensions (environment, language, gender and age) have an important effect on EFL learners' oral-expressive rendering (speaking).
Globalization, Language Planning, and the Future Prospect of English in Algeria
Authors: Benmoussat Smail
Published: September 2023

The classification of Algeria as a Uni-modal or Multi-modal nation is dependent on the particular group involved. Yet, the language decisions are made on the basis of nationalism rather than nationism, and besides the educational objectives of the Algerian School, the curriculum as a whole, has been molded to inculcate and engender feelings of nationalism as a counter to ethnicity. Needless to say, in multilingual contexts, language policies (whether explicit or implicit) often reflect a power relationship and serve a particular ideology. It is to this end that the school is important as part of the overall policy, because it reinforces the values, attitudes, and policies promoted by the state. However, in the light of the globalization process and to fully participate in the economic, professional, scientific and technological arenas respectively, a good working knowledge of the English language imposes itself de facto. What the future prospect of English in Algeria bearing in mind that an excellent command of it is very likely to lead to technological advancement, economic development and commercial expansion. The answer to this question will form the general lay-out of the present article.
Analyse Sociocritique du roman « Rue Darwin » de Boualem Sansal
Authors: Saiah Ahmed Reda
Published: September 2023

Sociocritical Analysis of The Novel "Rue Darwin" by Boualem Sansal

In this article, we try to provide a socio-criticism analysis of then novel named Rue Darwin (Darwin Street). Boualem Sansal is an Algerian French-speaking writer. He is known for his critical remarks towards many form of extremism. His novels are denouncers and anticonformist. He received several international prizes. In this work, one is suggesting to examine this novel with all its complexity and to transcend the discomfort which corrodes Yazid of the interior continuously. At this perspective, it is advised to reconsider the ideological and the sociopolitical conditions of time. The objective is to approach the identity writing like milks dominating in the novel Street Darwin of Boualem Sansal while carrying out a sociocriticism analysis of the novel.
Mehrsprachigkeit, Plurilingualismus und Kreativität beim Lehren des Phonetikunterrichts in Algerien
Authors: Bouhalouan Karima
Published: September 2023

Multilingualism, Plurilingualism and Creativity in Teaching Phonetics in Algeria

Multilingualism and plurilingualism are two complex subject areas. Also, creativity in the pronunciation course remains very desirable for teachers, which means, in my opinion, being active, using new methods and procedures. In this article, I consciously draw attention to some reflections on multilingualism, plurilingualism and the status of phonetics in Algeria. I raised a number of issues relevant to the challenges, drawbacks and future perspectives such as creative procedures and efficient methods both for pronunciation courses and for teaching and learning German pronunciation, especially in a multilingual country like Algeria. Through this research I arrived at diverse conclusions, among which the necessity to the appeal to practice creative pronunciation exercises and a balanced relationship as well as the need to vary all social forms in teaching Deutsch classroom situations. Moreover, it can be stated that the lack of a specialized, targeted Deutsch textbook for teaching and practicing German pronunciation and the insufficient schedule allotted to the phonetics unit according to the ministerial university curricula of the classic and LMD system remain major problems in Algeria. All of these components could hinder communication among students of Deutsch in Algeria.
Kognitive Linguistik
Authors: Tafzi Hassane
Published: September 2023

Cognitive Linguistics

Cognitive Linguistics, a research field of interdisciplinary cognitive science and meanwhile one of the most influential approaches in language theory. This article explains the basic assumptions, methods and objectives of cognitive linguistics in a comprehensible form, illustrated by representative examples from different areas of cognitively- oriented language research. In fact, this article deals with the question of cognitive linguistics and the entirety of all processes related to perception and recognition, and how language is stored and processed. It touches upon different issues discussed in the literature, namely how storage Works, what t arguments for assuming that the language system is developed on the basis of innate cognitive dispositions as well as the cognitive prerequisites for language acquisition. The subject of research is therefore the "inner" processes of humans: the way in which interlocuttors process, understand and remember information. Language processing cannot be viewed as isolated functions. It also highly dependent on cognitive mechanisms. Language and thinking are not always easy to de dissociated because there is often a close relationship. This article discusses the ways a efective learning takes place successfully in the cognitivistic sense, as well as the rules of information processing to be observed in accordance with the learning content prepared accordingly.
L’influence de la notion du point de vue sur la nomination : La dialectique du Même et de L’Autre
Authors: Harig Benmostefa Fatima Zohra
Published: September 2023

The influence of the notion of point of view on nomination: The dialectic of the Same and the Other

We can consider the choice of the equivalent in the appointment as a "marker" positioning: simply adjusted debt equivalent implies that there is no real difference between realia and the word used to represent the while the equivalent followed by a negative definition implies some negotiation and thereby a distance between the speaker and the "object" described above. Finally, the appointment may imply an attitude of rejection of the speaker in relation to what is named
Le Manuel Scolaire a-t-il encore sa Place dans l’Enseignement/Apprentissage du FLE ? État des Lieux
Authors: Talbi Frioui Farida
Published: September 2023

Does the School Textbook still have its Place in the Teaching/Learning of French as a Foreign Language? A State of Affairs

The textbook is a didactic tool of great importance. Its role is decisive in the learning of French as a foreign language and allows, if it is well used, to effectively take charge of verbal memory and semantic memory, two important parameters for harmonious learning. Verbal and semantic memory: it is this type of memory that the teaching of language acquisition makes use of. In fact, the reader or the interlocutor reminds a given number of words. This verbal capacity permits the learners to utter a discourse the way it takes place in class. According to psycholinguists who are unanimous about the subject, memorizing takes place on a semantic and non-linguistics basis. In classroom environment, memorizing is based on linguistic grounds “the text can only have meaning if it integrates itself after selection, filtering and in the pre-existing structure of the subject. This research showed that the methodological situation attributed to the French language in schools is somewhat paradoxical, as textbooks revealed it. The second generation textbooks promise to present an originality that would make them seem like the product of a new and national pedagogy.If the development of the program and the writing of the textbook do not take into account everything that motivates the pupil, if the content is not varied, diversified according to the needs of the pupils and their cognitive abilities, the teacher must remedy this situation and overcome all these obstacles which constitute the failure of the teaching / learning process. However, it is undeniable that the role of the teacher of French is difficult because he must at the same time teach the language (object) and the means of communicating this object).
Towards Functional Translation: Translation of some Yoruba Proverbs
Authors: Ogundokun Sikiru Adeyemi
Published: September 2023

The case of culture, language and proverb is like the junction where three paths meet. Language is an integral part of a people’s culture in one hand, and proverb is an essential facet of any given language. In some cases, understanding a people’s perception on issues becomes a problem because of the inability to decode the cultural background of such people. Inadequacy in the comprehension of people’s cultural context is capable of bringing misinterpretation or misrepresentation. This study, therefore, examines thirty Yoruba proverbs; translated into English and French to demonstrate how proverbs can be used in conflict resolution, give instructions or warnings and encouragement in taking well-informed actions among other things. The study aimed at educating people about the Yoruba people’s world view as regards certain issues and actions. Field Study is the methodology adopted for the research while Functionalist theory of translation serves as the theoretical framework on which the study is premised. This theory investigates the nature of translation as a communicative action which should take into account cultural context. Findings revealed that proverbs permit people to communicate, learn as well as allowing them to express feelings for their material and non-material needs. It is equally established that some proverbs have the capacity to provide solutions to societal problems. The paper concludes that understanding people’s culture is important because it explains how culture defines and shapes their actions. The application of functionalist theory to translation will help to achieve a better translation which considers cultural and linguistic properties all together.
Performance of Nigerian Newspapers in Accurate Reportage of Selected Supreme Court Decisions
Authors: Ige Ise-Oluwa , Aderogba Adeyemi , Abimbola Raphael Olugbenga
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Previous studies have focused on the Supreme Court of Nigeria (SCN) from a wide range of perspectives. But literature search reveals a dearth of studies on media reportage of SCN’s decisions and the extent to which the media accurately communicate the judgments to the public. This study evaluates the magnitude and accuracy of media reports on six selected decisions of the apex court. Social responsibility theory provided the theoretical framework. Primary data was collected from the reports of the selected newspapers while certified Supreme Court judgments of the selected cases formed the secondary data. The decisions evaluated included the Ibori's ex-convict status controversy; the legality of ex-Governor Ladoja's impeachment; the validity of 2007 electoral victory of Governor Wamakko and President Umaru Yar'Adua; the ownership tussle between Akwa Ibom and Cross River over 76 oil wells and the tenure elongation suit. The Guardian, The Punch, Daily Trust and Daily Sun newspapers were selected for the study based on ownership and national circulation. Twenty-four editions of the newspapers were selected for content analysis. A 14-item coding sheet was the instrument of data collection. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The selected newspapers were fairly accurate (57.5%) in communicating the decisions of the SCN. The Guardian newspaper had the most accurate reports (76%), while the Daily Sun had the least accurate reports (44.7%). The study found that the magnitude and degree of accuracy of the newspaper reports depended on the nature of the case facts, the political weight of the parties involved in the dispute, nature of the judgments handed down by the SCN in the cases, and the individual newspapers owing to ownership interest, location and their editorial policies.
Textlinguistik und Textualität
Authors: Anes Isma
Published: September 2023

Text Linguistics and Textuality

In this article, it is a question of textual linguistics. Meanwhile, first are numerous theoretical works on textual linguistics. This will help us to define and characterize their particularities. It is therefore advisable to give a slightly broader overview of the terms and concepts of textual linguistics. In this article we want to deal more systematically and in more details with the text sentence. We will clarify the question of what a text is and what features characterize texts. We will first consider the concept of textuality, the criteria are also described. Next, we deal with the terms text type and text typology. After presenting some basic notions of text linguistics, let's try to summarize the main points of this article. As a young discipline, text linguistics belongs to applied linguistics. The article focuses then upon theoretical considerations on text linguistics, i.e. basic concepts, points of view of linguists. In doing so, we focus on textuality criteria, which play an extremely important role in text analysis. So here lies the presentation of textuality criteria, so that we rely on some well-known linguists, notably Beaugrande&Dressler (1981) who, in their influential Introduction to Textual Linguistics, have proposed a text definition in which they classify texts using seven criteria from the so called non-texts. Texts are situational and culturally shaped acts of communication that have both extra-linguistic and intra- linguistic characteristics. These are closely related. Text types are also considered in this work. Accordingly, it could be stated that text linguistics has emerged as a modern scientific discipline in order to capture and describe the subject of study "text" in its content and formal aspects, but also shown the difficulty of an exact concept of text type, especially in the pre- theoretical use of this term.
Fases de la evaluación
Authors: Maati Beghdadi Halima
Published: September 2023

Evaluation Phases

The subject of evaluation is very extensive and needs a lot of research to be treated satisfactorily. Since evaluation allows us to modify and redirect the entire teaching-learning process, this requires us to know everything related to this task: its objectives, its characteristics, its different types and its resources, in order to know how and when the teacher can evaluate their students. If each teacher evaluates their students in the three parts of the course, surely all the negative connotations that are made of the evaluation will be eliminated and the development of the student's level in the different facets of their learning process can be clearly noted, and the most fundamental thing is to make students understand that the most important thing is the knowledge they acquire in their educational training and not the grades they get in each subject.
L’intrusion du Fantastique dans les Nouvelles Écritures Algériennes : le cas des romans de Djamel Mati
Authors: Henni Ahmed
Published: September 2023

The intrusion of the Fantastic in the New Algerian Writings: the case of the novels of Djamel Mati

This contribution aims at questioning the way with which the Algerian Writer D. Mate introduces the fantastic in the diegetic universe inclined to the phantasmagorias of the tormented lucubration’s of the characters in quest of themselves. In this perspective, the Writer elaborates a new interactive and dynamic relationship between the moving and chimerical spatiality’s of "point B114" and the fantastic lucubration’s of atypical characters on the reading of "Sweet-sour, the lucubration’s of a tormented mind" and "It looks like the South". The researcher attempts to show how such dynamics is elaborated in the wake of a new Algerian writing of dreams and delirium, the liberation of forms and senses through a singular fantasy with innovative scriptural mechanisms to showtheir philosophical and ontological nature, consubstantial with the human condition. In conclusion, we will say that the fantastic is omnipresent in the phantasmagorical diegetic universe by the multiplication of hallucinatory, strange and inexplicable phenomena experienced by the tormented characters in search of themselves. However, Mati's scriptural aesthetic does not content itself with "threading" them in the narrative continuum: it draws eclecticly from other codes of the fantastic, ranging from the strange inexplicable to that of the disturbing Freudian strangeness to establish a sort of dismantling of time and space opening up to infinity in a supernatural dreamlike timelessness that escapes the classical spatio-temporal benchmarks (space, duration, dating). In Mati, the "raw" fantasy is not introduced into a world where enchantment goes without saying, it is the fruit of hallucinations, daydreams and dreamlike delusions of characters inclined to systematically consume sweet and sour pills and hookahs stuffed with Indian hemp. The intrusion of an eclectic and hybrid fantasy into a composite conglomeration of hallucinatory micro-narratives allows the expression of an existential malaise which the wandering characters seeks to circumscribe through strange and inexplicable experiences. Finally, the intrusion of a fantastic singular invades in an original and singular way the entire surface of the text through the excrescences of the hallucinatory dream, of the oneiric fabulation and refers implicitly to the impalpable ontological mystery which privileges the questioning of the human condition and the entity of being.
مصادر قاعدة الترجيح بين التنزيل والتأويل والتبديل
Authors: Serrar Salim
Published: September 2023

Sources of The Normative Legal Maxim of Preferring between Application, Interpretation and Alteration

This paper highlights the great importance associated to the normative legal maxim of preferring which comprise fundamentals of varying degrees in terms of influence. Some of which serve for the knowledge of certainty, some others assist the knowledge of reasoning in order to disambiguate the disagreement around controversial issues. This fact justifies the compulsory need to appeal to these foundational maxims to preserve the Islamic Sharia from interpretation and interpolation. The research revolves around the circle of jurisprudential controversies between the Sunni sects that are in agreement on the unity of the source in terms of ruling but through time and because of the prevalence of imitation bequeathed an imbalance in the facts, this necessitated to research the maxim of preferring, and to clarify its ruling and types and what has to do with its core. By extrapolating the history of legislation and examining the reality, it became clear that many of those engaged in jurisprudence began to meditate on the basis of approximate rules, which are not correct in the same matter, despite the disparity between them. The rule of preferring is of varying degrees in the strength and the benefit, some of them benefit from certain knowledge or close to that, and some of them benefit from theoretical inferential science, its purpose is to clarify the truth. So, the rule of preferring was a duty, in order to preserve the law of interpretation from distortion. After raising the different issues relevant to this topic, the researcher concluded that it is necessary to describe the rule of preferring in legitimacy and that this depends on its connection with the its applicability or interpreted sources, in addition to the obligation to conduct the scientific method of preferring that includes the revealed preferring and the interpreted preferring rather than the altered preferring. Just as the more correct one in the madhab does not have to be preponderant in the same matter, since the Shariah is broader than the madhhab in its texts, principles and purposes.
Compte-Rendu de Lecture
Authors: Bendjelid Faouzi
Published: September 2023

Book Review

Stories told by the diaspora are said to reflect the real facet of truth as being lived and experienced by real individuals. Moreover, leaving one’s family shelter to realise their dreams elsewhere is not a fee free transaction. It is believed that human beings, without consideration of their nationalities, go through the same emotional suffering after abandoning their beloved ones, their cherished customs, and their adored habits. This analytical article has as an intention the discussion of the re-insertion process after having passed their life in a foreign land with all the challenges and novel forms of sufferings one has to endure again. Waid is the protagonist of the novel, an estranged character that seems to get lost between two cultural extremes, had left his village earlier to get installed in Canada. The latter is a symbol of dream land that most youngsters consider as dream land. After getting back to his village, waid finds it hard to get re-inserted in his community, though cheerful he seems joining again his beloved ones. The second part of the novel discusses the deteriorated status of what was once considered an ideal view of his country. Namely, the drift in which all aspects of life seem to sink is the main theme of the continuation of the second book. The paper discusses those issues with reference to the socio-cultural data of the protagonist’s native community.
Der Einsatz von Kunstdisziplinen "Theater, Musik und Lieder" im DaF-Unterricht
Authors: El Zein Jihane
Published: September 2023

The Use of Art Disciplines "Theatre, Music and Songs" in Deutsch lessons

Speaking is considered to be the main element in foreign language teaching. One of the most important methods and techniques of teaching based on drama and theater, So, the integration of theater in Deutsch class practices allows the student to learn about culture and acquire language properly. The theater techniques used in classroom activities reveal the listening and reading and facilitate their acquisition naturally. The success of such an approach is determined by progression and the passage from the easiest to the most difficult task. Thus, only if the dialogues are not too difficult and demanding linguistically, learners can understand them fairly easily. Some scenes and sequences should choose carefully by the teacher to respond to the students’ needs and styles of learners. This type of learning is based on leisure and the courses of Deutsch should fulfill this target. In this article, I address the importance of integrating arts, including theater, music and songs into foreign language lessons and their effectiveness, with a particular emphasis on Deutsch courses.
An Analysis of Rhetorical Strategies in the Gendered Performances of Nigerian Male Stand-up Comedians
Authors: Olawale Chris Lekan
Published: September 2023

Gender relations are enacted in the day-to-day lived experiences of men and women. Mundane practices such as talks and jokes may not only reflect the prevailing gender relations in society, but may also offer opportunities to contest them. Stand-up comedy, as a genre of comedy, is especially suitable in this regard because it is discursive in nature. Stand-up comedians achieve their aim of entertaining and exciting laughter often through gendered manipulations of language — hence, the genre of stand-up comedy offers a veritable site for investigating dominant gender representations in Nigeria. This study seeks to argue that rhetorical strategies are a chief means by which stand-up comedians succeed in their various representations of women and men, and by so doing implicate rhetoric in gender relations of power, as contested in the Nigerian context of stand-up comedy. The data for the study comprise nine selected volumes of two stand-up comedy shows in Nigeria, Nite of a Thousand Laughs and AY Live, which are analysed to examine the rhetorical strategies employed by Nigerian male stand-up comedians in their gendered performances.
اللغة عند مصطفى ناصف: دراسة وتقييم
Authors: Kaddour Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: September 2023

The Language of Mustafa Nasif: Study and Evaluation

Language represents a decisive index of great interest in Mustafa Nasif‘ s writings. In his critical approach he devotes several chapters to give an in-depth view about language and related issues. The author deems that life with all its forms ranging from political to sociocultural intervenes in having great impacts on ways of using language by its people and ways language use is seen by non-native speakers. According to him, the sociocultural encounters may, through time, generate new forms of language as well as novel expressions. Namely, through quotidian use of language, the latter can either possess more simplified forms or rather more complicated structures that in themselves can cause further implications of comprehension hardships. Out of realizing the primal intentions of the author, the current paper intends to delve into the realm of analyzing the discourse of Nasif in his writings and through which spread the sphere of study related to literature and linguistic aspirations. The work will allot space to debate the aesthetic language design in the works of the author and its influence on the message encoded in the linguistic forms. A special attention will be shed throughout the article to differing views about language in the literary discourse as seen by ancient and contemporary authors on equal footing.
ترجمة الشعر ودوره في ميلاد الأجناس الأدبية علاقة السونيتات بالموشحات الأندلسية والأزجال أنموذجا
Authors: Ben Abdenour Ahmed , قلو ياسمين
Published: September 2023

Translation of Poetry and its Role in the Creation of New Genres: the relationship between the “Sonnets” and “Muwashah”

Poetry has its very linguistic and formative manifestations, given the special meanings, as well as the aesthetics of the language, of form and rhythm: in order to convey a special message, full of consistency and coherence .Poetry is a very old artistic expression, it could preserve the cultural and social heritage even in societies that have never known any form of writing and reading. In fact, poetry is prior to both of them. Poetry is high-ranking among Arabs who considered it as the finest literary form; the word itself is derived from « shu’our » "sense", and the poet has always had a privileged status among his people. The English poetry witnessed such a formative and linguistic development as a literary genre that other world literatures even adopted those new forms. The English poets, have always influenced the literary field, but the Arabs were also influential in return. In this article, we will study two forms of poetry: the first one is English, called « sonnets » and the second one is the Arabic « muwashah » and their relationship, within the movement of the literary world characterized by both vulnerability and influence. This special subject refers to what is more general, namely, a comparison between the Arabic and English poetry in order to explore the potential difficulties of the translation of poetry .
Anxiety in the Old Germanic Life: A Review of Anglo- Saxon Heroic Literature
Authors: Bessedik Fatima Zahra
Published: September 2023

This essay tends to discuss anxiety as a feature of Anglo-Saxon culture. It considers three Old English poems: The Battle of Maldon, The Battle of Brunanburh, and Juliana. Using textual analyses and psychoanalytic theory, the study argues that Anglo-Saxon culture is inherently savage. The analyses demonstrate how Anglo-Saxon ethics idealize tragic heroism and glorify battle. Finally, the study delves on the image of the monster as a metaphor of the Old Germanic unconscious. By reading the image of the demon in Cynewulf’s Juliana, the study considers the appearance of the devil as a reflection of the Anglo- Saxon obsession with fear. I argue that the poem, by representing the Devil, ultimately denounces the Anglo- Saxon warrior ethics.
The River Wharfe and Verbeia, Celtic Goddess
Authors: Breeze Andrew Charles
Published: September 2023

The Wharfe is a river of Yorkshire, in northern England. It was known to the Romans as 'Verbeia', also used of their fortress in what is now the town of Ilkley. Although 'Verbeia' is surely Celtic and ultimately gives the modern hydronym 'Wharfe', its meaning has been obscure. Comparison with other Celtic forms yet suggests the sense 'Powerful Striker, she who is Strong in Hitting'', with 'ver' as an intensive prefix and 'beia' related to British and Irish words for 'axe' and the like. The pagan Celts worshipped rivers as goddesses; the Wharfe is a formidable stream, liable to dangerous floods; the name hence indicates a female deity regarded with awe, whose name survives to this day on a Roman altar in Ilkley Museum.
Repräsentationen von Gewalt und Gegengewalt im Werk Christoph Heins: eine diskursive Analyse
Authors: Aberkane Ali
Published: September 2023

Representations of Violence and Counter-Violence in Christoph Hein’s Work: A Discourse Analysis

Violence is generally defined as a daily phenomenon of human reality, which nowadays comes in different forms, involving verbal abuse, and which concerns all cultures and social classes. Violence is also a constitutive dimension in the work of the German author Christoph Hein. Regarding its universal importance and its presence in various discourses (literary and non-literary ones), but also its discursive and counter-discursive forms, the present article aims to de- and/or reconstruct different types of violence discourses, articulated and represented in the author's fictional texts. The prose of the author Christoph Hein is the main corpus of the present article. The representativeness of violence in fiction undeniably stems from a transcultural reflection, which does not only take into account the real and primary forms of violence (especially patriarchal), but also its sometimes invisible or even non-verbal mechanisms.
خارطة العمليات العقلية الخاصة بالترجمة الفورية
Authors: Chaal Houaria
Published: September 2023

The Mental Process in Simultaneous Interpreting

Simultaneous interpreting is one of the most difficult tasks. It requires great intellectual and psychological efforts. It also necessitates important skills, and a long translation experience, depending on good linguistic and extralinguistic competencies. Moreover, it is an intellectual and creative activity against nature as it combines both listening and speaking, requiring a mental process in order to establish a communication. This translating kind is the focal point of communication whenever nationalities differ and languages vary. Simultaneous interpreting, especially conference interpreting, is a complex process which is based on listening, understanding, analyzing and memorizing to convey the message in a few seconds, following integrated and continuous stages. Listening comes on the head of these phases, and it is the main link within the interpreting process. However, its concept overlaps with hearing and receiving. Accordingly, listening based on good hearing and intensive attention is considered the basis for ensuring a successful transfer. Therefore, good performance requires good listening.
Retrenchment and Obama Iraq Policy
Authors: Messeded Moustafa
Published: September 2023

New occupants of the oval office tend usually to be distinct in how they conduct foreign policy and President Obama is no exception. In this regard, Obama came to office largely because he promised to depart from his predecessor’s unilateral and militaristic approach and to follow a more multilateral and restrained foreign policy. On the international stage, and in the Middle East more specifically, the Obama administration adopted a retrenchment approach that sought to cut back costly security commitments and avoided deeper involvement in emerging regional crises. When such crises called for American action, the instruments of choice for this administration ranged from multilateral sanctions, diplomacy and the reliance on regional allies to share in the burden of security. Nowhere was such approach more evident than in Iraq. This paper argues that President Obama adopted a retrenchment approach to his Iraq policy not only from commitments made by his predecessor, but also form commitments made by his administration at the beginning of his presidency.
Theoretical Framework of ESP: The Major Case Studies in the Hotel Industry and Translation as Necessary Input
Authors: Merine Asma , Boulenouar Mohamed Yamine
Published: September 2023

The present paper aims at providing a theoretical overview of English for Specific Purposes as one of the major areas of EFL teaching since its beginnings in the 1960s. It presents the developments related with the theoretical aspects concerning ESP and needs analysis as the cornerstone in designing ESP courses in English language teaching and learning. The most influential ESP teaching theories are summarised briefly, beginning with register analysis which paved the way for course designers to design specific courses based on teaching the linguistic features of a language to the urgent need for developing communication and translation. At the end, based on the nature of the hotel industry, the purpose of this paper is twofold: 1) to mention some previous case studies related to hotels because most of the linguistic researches conducted by ESP specialists focused in particular on the formal aspects of a language especially in the academic field and neglected the needs of the occupational settings; 2) to discuss the major needs of the employees in hotels and the significance of translation in this industry and therefore proposing possible solutions to overcome any deficiencies.